PMID- 6359959
TI  - Actin filaments in the ameloblast of the rat incisor.
AB  - The distribution of actin filaments in the inner enamel-secretory ameloblast of
      the rat incisor was examined by labelling with heavy meromyosin. Actin filaments
      were mainly located in the long axis of the cell beneath the cell membrane. They
      tended to be more numerous in Tomes' process than in the cell body. Some
      filaments were associated with microtubules, with other actin filaments, and
      coated vesicles. Possible relation of the actin filaments to cell motility,
      stabilization of some, and movement of other cellular components is discussed.

PMID- 6359960
TI  - Intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton in glandular cells of the rat fundic
      mucosa: immunofluorescence and electron microscopy study.
AB  - The organization of intermediate filaments (IF) in cells of the rat fundic mucosa
      was studied by electron microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy using
      specific antiprekeratin antibodies on frozen sections and isolated cells. Our
      results suggest that mucous cells lining the gastric surface and the gastric
      pits, which appeared strongly decorated, are the most rich in IF. These cells
      displayed coarse bundles of IF oriented in all directions as well as desmosome
      attached tonofibrils. Mucous neck cells contained fewer bundles of IF located
      preferentially toward the apical region. Zymogen cells showed a strong staining
      along the contour of the luminal border, together with a faint decoration of a
      fine meshwork extending throughout the cytoplasm. A poorly defined fibrillar
      cortex present underneath the secretory plasma membrane and sparse bundles of IF
      among the elements of the rough endoplasmic reticulum were seen in thin sections.
      In contrast, parietal cells appeared brightly stained and the prekeratinlike
      material formed a cortical polygonal meshwork especially visible in isolated
      cells. A developed system of IF formed by conspicuous bundles located underneath
      the secretory canaliculi, among the mitochondria and in the vicinity of the basal
      plasma membrane, was observed in the electron microscope.

PMID- 6359962
TI  - Cell production in mouse intestinal epithelium measured by stathmokinetic flow
      cytometry and Coulter particle counting.
AB  - The rate of cell production in the crypt population of the intestinal epithelium
      has been determined previously. However, the complex geometry of the tissue makes
      determination of the rate of cell production in the epithelium as a whole, by
      traditional methods, extremely difficult if not impossible. In this report,
      stathmokinetic flow cytometry was used for the direct determination of the rate
      of cell production in the mouse intestinal epithelium. Mice were given an
      intraperitoneal injection of colcemid (2.5 mg/kg) and killed 25, 45, 65 and 90
      min after injection. The percentage of cells with 4N DNA (G2 and M phase cells)
      in the epithelium at each time interval was determined with flow cytometry. The
      results were fitted by linear regression and the rate of cell production derived
      from the slope of the regression line. Thus, the rate of cell production was
      found to be 1.86% +/- 0.44 (means +/- SE) per hour in the jejunal epithelium and
      1.66% +/- 0.48 per hour in the colonic epithelium. The turnover time of the
      epithelium as a whole was determined from the inverse of the rate of cell
      production, and was found to be 53.8 h +/- 12.6 in jejunum and 60.2 h +/- 17.3 in
      colon. Coulter particle counting was used to measure the number of cells in the
      intestinal epithelium. The number of epithelial cells was found to be 1.90 X
      10(7) +/- 3.11 X 10(5) cells per cm2 in the jejunum and 8.98 X 10(6) +/- 8.05 X
      10(5) cells per cm2 in the colon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6359961
TI  - A simple technique for the visualization of whole mount cytoskeletons with
      transmission electron microscopy.
AB  - Examination of whole mount cells in the transmission electron microscope has been
      useful in studies of cellular architecture. The common technique is to grow cells
      directly on formvar-coated, gold grids for direct observation through a cell. We
      report a technique for obtaining whole mount preparations which requires neither
      fragile formvar films nor expensive, gold grids. Cells are grown on palladium
      coated coverslips and processed for electron microscopy. The cells and the
      palladium substrate are separated from the coverslip. The cell-palladium complex
      is then picked up on copper grids as in thin section processing. We compare
      images of the cytoskeleton using our technique with images using previously
      described techniques and present preliminary observations of contracting cell
      models. Such contractions would tear formvar films if attempted on cells grown in
      the conventional manner for whole mount examination. Our technique allows cells
      to contract without tearing the underlying substrate.

PMID- 6359963
TI  - Problems associated with the morphometric measurement of transverse skeletal
      muscle fibers: I. Analysis of frozen sections.
AB  - The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a number of reported
      procedures which precede freezing on the cross sectional area of skeletal muscle
      fibers. Probable sources of variation were recognised as: Within blocks, same
      animal, same procedure. Variability in the size of muscle fibers from area-based
      measurements was determined for the anterior head of the biceps femoris muscle of
      the rat. Fibers were measured within areas selected at random from sections taken
      from the same block of tissue. Variance within and between sections was
      subsequently established. Between blocks from rats having undergone the same
      procedure. Variability in the size of muscle fibers measured within areas
      selected at random from sections taken from different blocks of tissue within the
      same animal. Between rats, same or equivalent procedure. Fibers were measured
      from randomly selected areas within sections taken from blocks of tissue derived
      from different animals. The muscles were subjected to the same or equivalent
      treatment prior to freezing. Between procedures. Restraining muscles prior to and
      during freezing did not significantly affect the results except the procedure
      involving holding the muscle between two pairs of forceps. However, the
      variability was high within and between sections and blocks from the same muscle.
      It is postulated that the variability is of technical rather than biological
      origin and may be the result of small focal contractions which occur along the
      fibers during freezing.

PMID- 6359964
TI  - Knife chatter during thin sectioning of rat incisor enamel can cause
      periodicities resembling cross-striations.
AB  - Cross-striations are traditionally associated with the enamel rods in many
      species including man. Although these striations are obvious with light
      microscopy, their exact nature has been difficult to determine with the
      transmission electron microscope on thin sections of enamel. Thin section
      microscopy either reveals no structures that can be called cross-striations, or
      shows periodic light and dark bands across the rods. Superficially, these bands
      resemble chatter artifact. To test this possibility, rat incisor enamel was used
      because cross-striations have not been demonstrated on these enamel rods. Thin
      sections were prepared of enamel blocks oriented in various ways with respect to
      the cutting edge of the diamond knife. The sections showed either uniform enamel
      or light and dark bands over rod profiles or interrod enamel. Since these bands
      could be produced artifactually it is concluded that similar bands seen on enamel
      rods of other species may also be artifacts.

PMID- 6359965
TI  - Testicular biopsy and hormonal study in a male with Noonan's syndrome.
AB  - The testicular biopsy study of a 17-year-old male with Noonan's syndrome revealed
      seminiferous tubules of reduced diameter with hypospermatogenesis. Many
      spermatocytes underwent degeneration and many spermatids developed abnormal. The
      Sertoli cells were similar to immature Sertoli cells. Fully differentiated Leydig
      cells were rare while precursor Leydig cells were numerous. Both gonadotropin and
      testosterone levels were low, and a lack of response to LH-RH as well as to
      clomiphene was found. The testicular biopsy performed at 20 years of age revealed
      a certain maturation of the seminiferous tubules which increased the germ cell
      number. The abnormalities in the spermatogenesis as well as the immature
      appearance of Sertoli cells continued. Leydig cells were more numerous and showed
      a certain development without reaching the normal pattern. Gonadotropin levels
      were normal while testosterone levels low. The response to LH-RH was increased
      and the absence of response to clomiphene persisted. These features suggest a
      delayed puberty.

PMID- 6359966
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy and histological examination of human seminal plasma
      coagulum.
AB  - Human seminal plasma coagulum was examined by S.E.M. and light microscopy using
      various preparatory techniques. Two types of structures were observed; porous and
      laminated. A consistent finding using all the preparatory techniques was the
      presence of the majority of the spermatozoa on the surface of the coagulum as
      opposed to the interior. Those spermatozoa present in the interior of the
      coagulum are attributed to the invagination of the surface layer. The presence of
      spermatozoa on the surface of seminal plasma coagulum plays an important role in
      concentrating spermatozoa in close proximity to the cervical os. This allows
      spermatozoa to reach cervical mucus rapidly and minimizes the time they must
      remain in the unfavourable environment of the vagina.

PMID- 6359967
TI  - The first experiment in obstetrical anesthesia.

PMID- 6359968
TI  - The antiemetic effect of droperidol following outpatient strabismus surgery in
      children.

PMID- 6359969
TI  - Dr. Morgan L. Allison--a tribute.

PMID- 6359970
TI  - Randomized controlled trials in hospital epidemiology. Sixth annual National
      Foundation for Infectious Diseases lecture.
AB  - Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are useful in the evaluation of both new and
      well-established hospital infection control practices for which the benefit is
      unproven and not obvious. RCTs are often undertaken to resolve controversies, and
      many of them have a "negative" or inconclusive outcome. Well-designed RCTs with a
      negative outcome have the potential for reducing health care costs by identifying
      widely used preventive measures that are not cost effective. ICPs should
      appreciate that RCTs have important limitations, may contain serious flaws in
      design, and are subject to exploitation by pharmaceutical and equipment
      manufacturers. Knowledge of the principles of RCTs can lead to improved
      scientific standards for all research--nonrandomized as well as randomized--in
      hospital epidemiology.

PMID- 6359971
TI  - [High frequency ventilation during the surgical treatment of esophageal atresia].
AB  - The preliminary results of the use of high frequency positive pressure
      ventilation (HFPPV) in six newborn infants presenting a type III oesophageal
      atresia during the thoracic stage of surgical repair are reported. HFPPV allowed
      correct gas exchange during the surgical procedure. In the six cases, a
      significant decrease in PaCO2 (p less than 0.05) was observed, whereas the
      effects on PaO2 were variable. The technical problems, mechanism of gas transport
      during HFPPV and clinical interest of HFPPV in thoracic surgery are discussed.

PMID- 6359972
TI  - [Epidural anesthesia using the bupivacaine-fentanyl combination for cesarean
      section].
AB  - This prospective study was designed to evaluate the benefit of a bupivacaine
      fentanyl mixture vs bupivacaine alone in epidural anaesthesia for caesarean
      section. In 10 women, 0.5% bupivacaine (1.18 ml per metamer) was injected in the
      epidural space. In 20 women, 0.5% bupivacaine (1.06 ml per metamer) was injected
      by the same route together with fentanyl (1.70 +/- 0.09 micrograms X kg-1). The
      bupivacaine-fentanyl group showed a significantly shortened onset of analgesia (p
      less than 0.001), as well as a significant reinforcement of this analgesia
      graduated from 0 to 4 (p less than 0.01 at 25 min, p less than 0.001 at 75 min
      and at the maximum of pain, for the two sets of scores). All the Apgar scores
      were maximal at 5 min. No clinical respiratory depression was observed in either
      the mothers or the neonates. Fetal and maternal blood concentrations were in
      favour of respiratory innocuousness of the method (peak fentanyl concentrations:
      in mothers 1.5 ng X ml-1, in neonates 0.8 ng X ml-1). Fentanyl never induced any
      significant haemodynamic variations. Pruritus and nausea respectively occurred in
      six and two patients respectively in the bupivacaine-fentanyl group. In
      conclusion, in caesarean section, the adjunction of fentanyl to bupivacaine
      significantly improved analgesia without any clinical respiratory depression both
      in the mother and the neonate.

PMID- 6359973
TI  - [Effects of acidosis on the action of drugs used in anesthesia and intensive
      care].

PMID- 6359975
TI  - Effect of antishock trouser inflation on plasma renin activity during hemorrhagic
      shock.
AB  - The effect of antishock trouser inflation on plasma renin activity during
      hypovolemic shock was studied in dogs. Following anesthesia, six dogs were bled
      to a systolic blood pressure of 60 mm Hg. Antishock trousers were inflated to 40
      to 100 mm Hg for 20 minutes each. Plasma renin activity was measured before
      phlebotomy, after phlebotomy, and after each 20-minute period of antishock
      trouser inflation. Three dogs without antishock trousers served as controls.
      Experimental animals had a significant rise in blood pressure when the antishock
      trousers were inflated to 100 mm Hg. Plasma renin activity showed a marked
      increase following phlebotomy (experimental, 1.55 ng/mL/h to 13.63 ng/mL/h;
      control, 2.71 ng/mL/h to 19.7 ng/mL/h). Both groups had a continued small,
      statistically insignificant rise in plasma renin levels throughout the remainder
      of the experiment. Plasma renin level changes did not explain the observed rise
      in blood pressure following antishock trouser inflation. Plasma renin levels
      remained elevated in spite of improvement of blood pressure after application of
      antishock trousers.

PMID- 6359974
TI  - Parenteral chlorpromazine treatment of migraine.
AB  - A prospective, uncontrolled clinical trial was conducted to test the safety and
      efficacy of intramuscular chlorpromazine (1 mg/kg) in the acute, outpatient
      treatment of migraine. One hundred adult patients were included in the study.
      There was complete relief of both pain and nausea/emesis symptoms in 96 patients
      within 55 minutes of the injection. Eighteen patients experienced orthostatic
      hypotension following injection. All but one responded to noninvasive therapy.
      The results suggest that chlorpromazine is a safe, effective alternative
      medication in the outpatient treatment of acute migraine.

PMID- 6359977
TI  - Diagnosing urinary tract infections.

PMID- 6359976
TI  - Occult bacteremia in the emergency department.
AB  - The problem of occult bacteremia in infants and children has been reviewed. The
      condition is not uncommon and may occur in 3% to 10% of infants and children six
      months to two years of age who present with temperature greater than or equal to
      38.3 C. Meningitis may complicate bacteremia in 4.5% to 8.5%, regardless of
      identification of a focus of infection. Early identification and proper therapy
      are essential and often incumbent on the emergency physician.

PMID- 6359978
TI  - Plasma amino acid, glucagon, and insulin concentrations in dogs with nitrosamine
      induced hepatic disease.
AB  - Plasma amino acids, glucagon, and insulin concentrations were determined once a
      week in dogs that developed acute hepatic necrosis and chronic hepatic
      insufficiency after treatment with dimethylnitrosamine. During the acute phase,
      plasma concentrations of most amino acids increased, with the changes usually
      correlating with increased glucagon values. Insulin correlated with changes in 10
      of 21 amino acids, but the latter were not the most abundant nor the branched
      chain amino acids. During the chronic phase, plasma phenylalanine tyrosine, and
      methionine concentrations remained increased throughout the study. Plasma values
      of these amino acids did not correlate with plasma concentrations of either
      glucagon or insulin. The values of the most abundant amino acids were less than
      base-line levels during the chronic phase, and 9 of 10 of these correlated
      positively with glucagon concentrations, but not insulin. Only proline correlated
      positively with insulin. Isoleucine and valine showed a negative correlation with
      insulin. The low concentrations of the nonaromatic amino acids increased during
      the time from the early to late chronic phase, during which time plasma glucagon
      increased and insulin remained unchanged. This study shows that a significant
      positive correlation existed between glucagon and the most abundant plasma amino
      acids during the chronic phase of hepatic insufficiency, at which time most
      plasma amino acid concentrations were returning toward base line. Increased
      glucagon values did not correlate with any evidence for deterioration of hepatic
      function.

PMID- 6359979
TI  - Evaluation of anastomoses of small intestine in dogs: crushing versus noncrushing
      suturing techniques.
AB  - Fifteen dogs were used to compare simple interrupted crushing and noncrushing
      single-layer small intestinal anastomoses. Groups of 5 dogs each were used to
      evaluate both techniques at 3 postsurgical times--days 4, 21, and 42. There were
      no significant differences between the 2 techniques at the evaluations. Grossly,
      there were marked adhesion formations at the 3 evaluation times. Luminal
      diameters at the anastomotic site indicated there may have been only slightly
      more stenosis with the noncrushing technique. Bursting pressure studies
      determined that the anastomotic strengths of the 2 techniques were not measurably
      different statistically. However, their bursting strengths had greatly increased
      from day 4 to day 21. There were also significant increases in bursting strengths
      of jejunal segments caudal to the anastomotic sites from day 4 to day 42.
      Subjective histopathologic evaluations of anastomotic sites revealed that the
      types and amounts of inflammation, collagen content, continuity of layers, and
      severity of peritonitis were not different within each time. It was concluded
      that both techniques for small intestinal anastomoses in the dog have equal
      value.

PMID- 6359980
TI  - Lamb model in the study of immunity to enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
      infections.
AB  - Three groups of ewes were vaccinated with formalin inactivated, whole cell,
      aluminum hydroxide adjuvanted bacterins prepared from capsulated enteropathogenic
      Escherichia coli (EEC). Lambs born to and suckling these ewes, compared with
      lambs of nonvaccinated control ewes, were highly resistant to homologous EEC
      challenge exposure. Lambs of ewes vaccinated with products prepared from K99
      antigen-positive, noncapsulated E coli were highly resistant to heterologous EEC
      challenge exposure. In both cases, lambs of vaccinated ewes had significantly (P
      less than 0.005) less morbidity and mortality, fewer challenge inoculum-type E
      coli per rectal swab evaluation, and had superior weight gains over a 4-day
      period. Immunoglobulin assay of 122 lamb sera (collected 12 hours after birth)
      failed to reveal any correlation between serum immunoglobulin values and
      morbidity or mortality. When tested by plate agglutination technique, using whole
      cell antigens, or by reverse radial immunodiffusion, using purified capsular
      antigens, colostral whey samples of vaccinated ewes did not have increased
      capsular antibody titers. The K99 serum antibody values of K99 antigen-vaccinated
      ewes were markedly higher than were those of ewes vaccinated with other bacterins
      or of control ewes.

PMID- 6359981
TI  - Esophagotomy in the pony: comparison of surgical techniques and form of feed.
AB  - Esophageal healing was studied in 12 ponies after cervical esophagotomy. The
      esophagus was sutured, feed and water were withheld for 48 hours, and then all
      ponies were permitted to eat. In group I (n = 6), a longitudinal esophagotomy was
      made. In group II (n = 6), a rotational esophagotomy was made with the mucosal
      incision 180 degrees away from the incision in the esophageal muscle. Three
      ponies in each group were fed a soft diet ad libitum for 9 days, and then were
      allowed access to hay and grain. The remaining ponies were fed hay and grain. The
      esophagotomies of all hay-fed ponies dehisced and healed by second intention,
      whereas esophagotomies healed by first intention in the ponies given a soft diet.
      Endoscopic and radiographic examinations indicated that the progression of
      healing in the present study was a function of diet (form of food), rather than
      surgical technique. The cross-sectional width of the muscularis externa at the
      incision site was 39.6% greater in mash-fed ponies than in hay-fed ponies. Based
      on density-dependent image analysis, average elastin content and reticulin fiber
      of the submucosa and muscularis externa at the incision were not influenced by
      the form of feed or surgical technique, although elastin fiber regeneration did
      not occur at the site of the incision.

PMID- 6359982
TI  - Efficacy of gonadotropin-releasing hormone administered at the time of artificial
      insemination of heifers and postpartum and repeat breeder dairy cows.
AB  - The efficacy of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) on the fertility of dairy
      heifers and postpartum cows was studied. In one study, 300 cows were assigned
      randomly to 1 treatment from a 2 X 2 design, and 2 ml of 0.15M saline solution or
      100 micrograms of GnRH was given IM on postpartum day (PPD) 14 and at the time of
      1st postpartum breeding. In a 2nd study, repeat breeder cows (n = 346) were given
      saline solution or GnRH at the time of the 3rd breeding. In a 3rd study, heifers
      (n = 185) were given saline solution or GnRH at 1st breeding. Animals were
      observed for repeat estrus, and pregnancy diagnoses were made by rectal palpation
      45 to 60 days after breeding. Conception rates were 15% to 18% higher for cows
      given GnRH, whether at PPD 14 or at the first postpartum breeding. When GnRH was
      given at the first breeding, conception rates were significantly higher (P less
      than 0.05). Conception rates for repeat breeder cows given GnRH were 25% higher
      than those in controls (P less than 0.005). Conception rates for heifers did not
      differ between treatments.

PMID- 6359983
TI  - Indirect immunoperoxidase test for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis.
AB  - An indirect immunoperoxidase procedure for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis was
      described. Formalin-fixed ileocecal tissue containing large numbers of
      Mycobacterium paratuberculosis organisms was used as the source of antigen. Goat
      anti-bovine immunoglobulin G labeled with peroxidase was used as the conjugate in
      the test system. The method is relatively simple to do and may prove to be
      valuable as a routine screening test.

PMID- 6359984
TI  - Canine immunoreactive insulin quantitation using, five commercial
      radioimmunoassay kits.
AB  - Five commercial radioimmunoassay (RIA) kits developed for quantitation of human
      immunoreactive insulin (IRI) were evaluated for their capability to quantitate
      canine IRI. Evaluation criteria included precision, dilutional parallelism,
      sensitivity, and comparison of IRI concentration in 4 control sera. One RIA kit
      had good dilutional parallelism, consistently good precision, and adequate
      sensitivity. Other RIA kits had poorer performance in dilutional parallelism or
      precision. No RIA kit quantitated the same IRI concentrations in all 4 control
      sera as did another. The results indicated that quantitation of canine IRI by
      some commercial RIA kits (for human use) may not be reliable. Variations in IRI
      concentrations quantitated indicated that reference intervals for healthy dogs
      should be established for each insulin RIA. At least 17 commercial
      radioimmunoassay (RIA) kits are available to quantitate human immunoreactive
      insulin (IRI). Two RIA kits have been used to quantitate canine IRI, but
      validation of assays to quantitate canine IRI were not reported. Evaluation of
      RIA validity should include assessment of specificity, precision, sensitivity,
      and accuracy. Two methods are recommended for assessing specificity: (i)
      demonstration of dilutional parallelism, and (ii) demonstration that related
      substances do not influence quantitation of analyte. Human insulin differs from
      canine insulin by having 1 amino acid substitution at the carboxyl-terminal of
      the B chain. Thus, it is possible that antibodies developed to react with human
      IRI will have cross immunoreactivity with canine IRI. Precision is affected by a
      variety of factors including technical steps and antigen-antibody
      interactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6359985
TI  - Aversively stimulated aggression. Some parallels and differences in research with
      animals and humans.

PMID- 6359987
TI  - A guinea pig model to study effects of persistent intrabronchial antigenic
      stimulation and inflammation.
AB  - Chronic antigenic stimulation and inflammation of the bronchial tree occurs in
      several diseases involving microbial airway colonization. We developed a guinea
      pig model to study the effects of persistent intrabronchial antigenic stimulation
      with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Sepharose beads 200 to 300 micron in
      diameter conjugated with 300 micrograms KLH were injected via a tracheostomy
      catheter, causing them to lodge in the bronchial tree. When lung sections from
      these animals and animals given uncoupled sepharose beads were examined
      histologically, it became apparent that in this model the persistent antigenic
      stimulus is accompanied by local inflammation caused by an irritant effect of the
      beads. To determine how the intrabronchial antigen was distributed locally and
      systemically, 125I labeled KLH-coupled beads were administered. Radioactivity
      remained predominantly in the lung, where 13 +/- 5% of the administered dose was
      still detectable by Day 30. Autoradiographs of Day 30 lung sections demonstrated
      that the radioactivity was concentrated on the individual beads, indicating that
      it largely represented KLH persisting in the bronchial tree. Minute amounts of
      radioactivity were detected systemically and in the regional lymph nodes (LN). A
      radioimmune assay of serum collected on Day 1 demonstrated that some of the
      circulating radioactivity represented antigenic KLH. When anti-KLH antibody
      forming cells (AFC) were measured in lung homogenate, regional LN, blood, and
      spleen cell preparations after KLH-coupled bead administration, they were
      initially detected only in the spleen. Significant concentrations appeared in the
      lung homogenate, regional LN, and spleen by Day 10 and thereafter through Day
      20.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6359986
TI  - In vitro response of murine alveolar and peritoneal macrophages to Mycobacterium
      intracellulare.
AB  - Normal resident and BCG-activated alveolar and peritoneal macrophages from female
      Swiss Webster mice were compared for their ability to ingest and subsequently
      control the multiplication of Mycobacterium intracellulare in vitro. Resident
      peritoneal macrophages failed from the moment of ingestion to control the
      multiplication of engulfed bacilli resulting in host cell lysis, whereas
      activated peritoneal macrophages and both resident and activated alveolar
      macrophages constrained bacterial division for at least 7 days before comparable
      bacterial multiplication led to phagocyte death. The number of bacilli needed to
      lyse a macrophage was impossible to determine precisely because viable
      macrophages commonly contained several hundred mycobacteria. Minimal
      intracellular bacterial generation times were 20 h for each macrophage type.
      Differences in the rates of bacterial phagocytosis between both macrophage types,
      either resident or activated, are intrinsic properties of the macrophages and
      were not induced by the mycobacteria, because the same patterns of particle
      ingestion were observed after exposure to latex microspheres.

PMID- 6359988
TI  - Nifedipine in the prevention of asthma induced by exercise and histamine.
AB  - Eight young men with documented exercise-induced asthma each performed two
      standard exercise tests and underwent two histamine challenges on separate days
      after double blind administration of either 20 mg nifedipine or placebo. The
      response to exercise was assessed by the maximal fall in forced expiratory volume
      in one second (FEV1) and to inhaled histamine by calculating the dose that
      produced a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20). After premedication with nifedipine, the
      severity of exercise-induced asthma was significantly reduced (mean percent fall
      in FEV1, 6%, compared with 24% after placebo) and reactivity to histamine was
      reduced (geometric mean PC20, 1.68 mg X ml-1, compared with 0.46 mg X ml-1 after
      placebo). These results imply that nifedipine has a direct action on bronchial
      smooth muscle contractility but they do not exclude an additional effect on the
      secretion of chemical mediators from mast cells.

PMID- 6359989
TI  - Effects of inhaled budesonide alone and in combination with low-dose terbutaline
      in children with exercise-induced asthma.
AB  - The effect of aerosolized terbutaline in a dose of 32.5 micrograms and its
      placebo, administered in a double-blind fashion, was studied in 14 children with
      exercise-induced asthma (EIA) before and during a 4-wk treatment period with
      aerosolized steroid (budesonide, 400 micrograms/day). Effects were assessed from
      the changes in peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in one second
      (FEV1), and forced expiratory flow (FEF25-75) before and after treadmill exercise
      challenge. Compared with placebo there was a significant improvement in pulmonary
      function after terbutaline. During budesonide therapy, pulmonary function
      improved further, but there was no enhancement of the response to terbutaline.
      Terbutaline alone, budesonide plus placebo, and budesonide plus terbutaline
      reduced the exercise-induced fall in FEV1 by 30, 51, and 84%, respectively. The
      effect of budesonide on EIA was delayed during the 4 wk of treatment as compared
      with the improvement in resting pulmonary function. The present results suggest
      that 1 to 4 wk of therapy with inhaled corticosteroids decreases the severity of
      EIA. Further, the combined effect of inhaled corticosteroid and beta-2 agonist on
      pulmonary function appears to be additive.

PMID- 6359990
TI  - [Levels of insulin, C-peptide and glucagon in the neonatal period].
AB  - Umbilical cord plasmatic levels of insulin, peptido-C and glucagon in two groups
      of normal and stressed newborns, in the first and third days of life and were
      measured and compared with those of their mothers. The levels of insulin were
      significantly higher in normal newborns (p less than 0.001) than in their mothers
      but not significant with those found in the stressed newborn. After three days of
      life the mean values on insuline were 14.67 +/- 7.2, without significant
      differences with the other two groups. The mean values of peptido-C were not
      significantly different in the three groups. The molar relation in every case was
      higher than 1. The levels of glucagon in umbilical cord of normal newborn were
      196.42 +/- 51.45 with significant elevation (p less than 0.05) after three days
      of life. In stressed newborn group the values in umbilical cord were
      significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than the foud values in normal newborn.

PMID- 6359991
TI  - [Diabetes mellitus].
AB  - Some of the most outstanding features of Juvenile Diabetes Mellitus in
      adolescence are revised in this paper and have been established in a group of 38
      affected children controlled in the Department in the past years. The
      relationship between determined epidemiologic and etiopathogenic factors, as the
      age in which the disease appears, the sex or the presence of concrete HLA
      antigens with the clinical expression, evolution and prognosis of the Diabetes
      Mellitus is underlined. Likewise, some problems about acceptance of the disease,
      fulfillment of the diet or the self-control that are usually manifested during
      adolescence are commented.

PMID- 6359992
TI  - [Renal transplantation and therapy of chronic renal insufficiency].
AB  - The treatment of end-stage renal disease in children must be directed, not only
      to get a greatest survival, but essentially to obtain a full bio-psycho-social
      rehabilitation. Kidney Transplantation is the only method able to obtain this
      aim. It will be conditioned by a good integral treatment from early renal failure
      period. In this sense, a National Plan for Paediatric Nephrology has been
      established.

PMID- 6359993
TI  - Nuclear segmentation of bronchial epithelial cells by minimax and thresholding
      techniques. A comparison.
AB  - Two nuclear segmentation methods, Baky's minimax algorithm and thresholding, were
      compared on a sample of 879 atypical bronchial epithelial cells in sputum.
      Nuclear-cytoplasmic (N/C) ratios for all cells were determined by each
      segmentation method and compared to a visually determined value. Cells were
      categorized by atypia class (from metaplastic through malignant), by staining
      characteristics (orangeophilic and nonorangeophilic) and by method of
      digitization (either scanning microphotometry or video system). The method of
      digitization was confounded by subject differences. The results indicated that
      with most classes of atypia, N/C ratios determined by minimax were closer to the
      visually derived values than were those of thresholding, particularly with
      orangeophilic cells. Both methods become progressively less accurate, as compared
      to the visual procedure, as the degree of atypia increases.

PMID- 6359994
TI  - A nonparametric approach to the discrimination of two cell populations.
AB  - An approach to the statistical testing of differences between two cell
      populations the elements of which are characterized by multivariate data is
      described. The approach is based on the Fisher discriminant and the Kruskal
      Wallis test. The method, which is sufficient but not necessary, makes no
      assumptions about the normality of the data or about the equality of the
      covariance matrices for each population.

PMID- 6359995
TI  - Acyclovir prophylaxis against herpes simplex virus infection in patients with
      leukemia. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
AB  - Twenty-nine adult patients with acute leukemia receiving timed sequential
      chemotherapy participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
      of acyclovir prophylaxis against reactivated herpes simplex virus infection.
      Patients with pretreatment antibody titers of 1:16 or greater received acyclovir
      or placebo starting 4 days after their initial chemotherapy. Treatment was given
      either for 32 days or until the patients were discharged from the hospital or
      until a culture-positive herpes simplex virus infection was found. Culture
      positive herpes simplex virus infection developed in 11 of 15 patients who
      received placebo. No infection appeared in 14 patients who received acyclovir (p
      less than 0.00005). No obvious acute drug toxicity was seen. Recurrent infection
      was seen in 6 of 14 patients after cessation of acyclovir when retreated with
      chemotherapy, suggesting no effect on viral latency in these 6 patients.
      Acyclovir provided highly effective prophylaxis against reactivated herpes
      simplex virus infections in adult patients with acute leukemia receiving timed
      sequential chemotherapy.

PMID- 6359996
TI  - Antigen detection in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. Utility in
      controlled, blinded trials.
AB  - Two blinded, controlled trials were done to evaluate the usefulness of fungal
      antigen detection for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. Detection of
      Aspergillus fumigatus carbohydrate by radioimmunoassay was compared with antibody
      detection by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and with diagnostic
      microbiologic and histopathologic procedures. In the first trial, antigenemia was
      detected in 4 of 6 leukemic patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, but
      not in 8 acute leukemic controls or in 24 normal controls. Fungal antigenemia
      persisted for 8 to 75 days in 4 patients and seroconversion occurred at the onset
      of pulmonary infiltrates in 3. Antibody to A. fumigatus was detected in 2 of the
      6 patients with aspergillosis, but also in 2 leukemic controls and 6 normal
      controls. Aspergillus species were identified in four of seven bronchoscopies
      done in 5 patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Prospective nasal
      cultures grew Aspergillus species in 4 of the 6 patients with invasive
      aspergillosis, but in only 1 patient was this information available before a
      histologic diagnosis was made. In a second trial, antigenemia was detected in 2
      patients with invasive aspergillosis, and in 1 with possible invasive
      aspergillosis, but not in 9 controls. This study indicates that the
      radioimmunoassay for A. fumigatus antigen is a highly specific and moderately
      sensitive serodiagnostic test for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Prospective
      nasal cultures grew Aspergillus species in 4 of the 6 patients with invasive
      aspergillosis, but in only 1 patient was this information available before a
      histologic diagnosis was made. In a second trial, antigenemia was detected in 2
      patients with invasive aspergillosis, and in 1 with possible invasive
      aspergillosis, but not in 9 controls. This study indicates that the
      radioimmunoassay for A. fumigatus antigen is a highly specific and moderately
      sensitive serodiagnostic test for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.

PMID- 6359997
TI  - Bacteremia due to Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare in the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - The presence of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare has frequently been
      demonstrated in tissue specimens from patients with the acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome. The importance of this mycobacterium as a cause of constitutional
      symptoms and organ dysfunction has been unclear, however, because of the sparse
      inflammatory response evoked and the frequent concurrence of other pathogenic
      organisms. We detected M. avium-intracellulare in blood samples from eight
      patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, seven of whom had a
      previously recognized M. avium-intracellulare infection. Blood cultures were
      positive on 1 to 14 occasions over 135 days using the Dupont isolator system or
      the Bactec 12B medium system. Cultures were positive within 14 to 51 or 7 to 14
      days with the respective techniques. The ability to rapidly isolate M. avium
      intracellulare from blood may provide a useful diagnostic technique for detecting
      disseminated mycobacterial disease in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome as well as in other patient populations. This technique may also be
      useful for assessing the efficacy of drug therapy.

PMID- 6359998
TI  - Mycobacteremia and the new blood culture systems.
AB  - Clinical and microbiologic aspects of mycobacteremia occurring in 11 patients are
      presented. Ten of the 11 patients were immunosuppressed. Disseminated disease was
      shown in 7 patients, transient bacteremia in 2, and endocarditis in 1. Blood
      cultures were positive in 11 blood culture systems. Newer blood culture systems
      appear to provide more rapid detection of mycobacteremia.

PMID- 6359999
TI  - Management of the pregnant patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
AB  - Infants born to pregnant women with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura can
      develop thrombocytopenia, because the antiplatelet antibody that causes the
      illness can cross the placenta. The impact of this disease on pregnancy has been
      studied by analyzing case reports, but this method can give inaccurate estimates.
      In this report, we summarize the results of three prospective studies and one
      study of consecutive patients, and show that the risk for mother and fetus is
      lower than has been suggested. Maternal platelet count does not predict whether
      an infant will have thrombocytopenia but maternal platelet antibody level may be
      predictive. Corticosteroid therapy in the mother to raise the fetal platelet
      count, and measurement of the fetal scalp platelet count after elective amniotomy
      at term with delivery of the thrombocytopenic infants by cesarean section are two
      recommended approaches. Whether either approach has a significant impact on
      infant mortality is uncertain, because most fetal deaths occur early in
      pregnancy. Understanding the reasons for these fetal deaths might allow more
      effective treatment.

PMID- 6360000
TI  - Bulimarexia and related serious eating disorders with medical complications.
AB  - Bulimarexia, an eating disorder that is characterized by binge eating followed by
      self-induced vomiting or abuse of cathartic or diuretic drugs, has been defined
      as both a sequela of anorexia nervosa and a distinct eating disorder. In this
      review the presentation, prevalence, and complications of the various eating
      disorders--anorexia nervosa, pica, rumination disorder of infancy, and
      bulimia/bulimarexia--are discussed. Detailed attention is given to the potential
      medical hazards of bulimarexia. These hazards may be categorized according to the
      organ system affected or the individual behavioral components of bulimarexia.
      Because bulimarexia is commonly practiced in secrecy, its presentation may be in
      the form of one of its medical complications. Therefore, physicians must know the
      behavioral components of bulimarexia and its potential medical hazards. Optimal
      care of these patients requires collaborative efforts from a physician and
      behavioral therapist.

PMID- 6360002
TI  - Staphylococcus epidermidis infections.
AB  - Staphylococcus epidermidis, an organism routinely found on the skin and in the
      hospital environment, has become a primary pathogen in infections associated with
      prosthetic devices. Because these infections are indolent and often clinically
      silent, diagnosis and therapy are often difficult. Pathogens are often
      misidentified as contaminants. Their variable, often resistant antibiotic
      susceptibility pattern and the uncertain correlation of in-vitro beta-lactam
      sensitivity testing with therapeutic efficacy make selection of an effective
      antibiotic regimen difficult. Vancomycin combined with rifampin, gentamicin, or
      both, is recommended for empiric therapy of these infections. Usually, removal of
      the prosthetic device is also necessary and may contribute equally to a
      successful therapeutic outcome.

PMID- 6360001
TI  - Recent developments in pulmonary edema.
AB  - Research on lung fluid balance and pulmonary edema has increased during the last
      decade. New approaches have led to insights into the role of each component of
      the alveolar-capillary barrier. The capillary endothelium is the first line of
      defense against lung fluid accumulation. The interstitium may play a more
      important role in lung fluid balance than previously appreciated. Active and
      passive transport properties of alveolar epithelium may be important in the
      pathogenesis and resolution of alveolar edema. New methods for the determination
      of epithelial permeability and lung water are being evaluated. The developments
      reviewed here may have an impact on the institution of new diagnostic and
      therapeutic approaches to pulmonary edema during the next decade.

PMID- 6360003
TI  - Cyclosporine nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 6360004
TI  - After 20 years, liver transplantation comes of age.

PMID- 6360005
TI  - Bayesian and non-Bayesian methods of inference.

PMID- 6360006
TI  - Martin M. Cummings and the National Library of Medicine.

PMID- 6360007
TI  - [Blood hyperviscosity syndromes. Classification and physiopathological
      understanding. Therapeutic deductions].
AB  - Blood has a number of rheological properties which partially determine flow,
      especially at capillary level, and its capacity to deliver oxygen. It is non
      Newtonian, pseudoplastic, thixotropic and viscoelastic. Viscosity can be studied
      with different types of viscosimeters (coaxial cylinder or capillary
      viscosimeters). It can be defined by the ratio of stress of deformation to rate
      of deformation. Viscosity depends on macrorheological parameters: hematocrit,
      serum proteins, especially fibrinogen and globulins, and also on microrheological
      parameters: degree of aggregation and red blood cell deformability. Viscosity
      rises when the temperature falls and decreases with the radius of the tube
      through which the blood flows (Fahraeus-Linqvist effects). Blood viscosity is
      studied clinically at different temperatures, and, above all, at different rates
      of deformation by carefully recording the hematocrit. Plasma viscosity,
      fibrinogen, albumia and immunoglobulin levels, the viscosity of blood cell
      suspensions in normal saline must also be taken into consideration. Special
      investigations (rheoscopy, filtrability) provide information about red cell
      aggregation and deformability. Hyperviscosity syndromes are observed with: -
      raised hematocrit (polycythemia and pseudopolycythemia), --conditions with raised
      serum proteins or changes in their composition (especially hyperfibrinogenemia,
      raised immunoglobulins, low albumin levels); inflammatory syndromes,
      dysglobulinemias (Fahey's syndrome of plasma hyperviscosity), --low temperature
      (hypothermia), --increased red cell aggregability (shock, fat embolism), -
      reduced red cell deformability due to various congenital and acquired conditions
      (sickle cell anemia, renal failure, hyperlipoproteinemia, thrombosis, diabetes).
      Conversely, hypoviscosity may occur with a low hematocrit, hypoproteinemia,
      hypofibrinogenemia, and hyperthermia. Increased viscosity results in a slowing of
      blood flow, stagnation of its constituents and in ischemia. Therapeutic
      interventions may be considered on the different components of the hyperviscosity
      syndrome: hemodilation, plasmapheresis, dispersion of aggregants, agents acting
      on red cell deformability.

PMID- 6360008
TI  - [Spontaneous dissecting aneurysms of the cerebral arteries].
AB  - A review of the literature on Spontaneous Dissecting Aneurysms (DA's) of cerebral
      arteries is presented with 3 personal cases of DA's of the Internal Carotid
      Artery (ICA). Patients with spontaneous DA's of the extracranial ICA are of
      middle age (30 to 60 year old) and present with an ipsilateral pain in the neck
      or face and/or with TIAs (45 p. 100 and 50 p. 100 of the cases respectively).
      Claude Bernard-Horner's sign is frequent. The clinical, radiological and
      pathological data suggest that in most cases, if not all, neurological deficits
      are due to embolism and/or anterograde thrombus. This has led to recommend
      anticoagulant therapy. Nevertheless, surgery may be indicated is some situations
      such as in DA's on kinking arteries. The treatment of spontaneous DA's of
      extracranial vertebral arteries is still a detectable matter, though they have
      common features with DA's of the extracranial ICA. The DA's of the basilar and
      intracranial vertebral arteries are often associated with a subarachnoid
      haemorrhage and most of them have a severe outcome. Lesions of the arterial wall
      such as cystic medial necrosis and fibromuscular dysplasia play a role in the
      extent, and presumably in the initiation, of the so-called spontaneous DA's at
      least in some cases. Minor trauma, high blood pressure (20 p. 100 of the cases),
      oral contraceptives and coughing have been as well suspected.

PMID- 6360009
TI  - [Extradigestive forms of nontyphoid salmonellosis in renal transplant patients: 5
      cases].
AB  - Five focal non typhoid salmonellosis (NTS) are reported in a group of 342 kidney
      transplant recipients. There is no relationship between the unusual presentation
      of NTS (septicemia, pneumonia, orchitis, prostatis, urinary tract infections) and
      the serotypes (S. typhi-murium, S. panama). With the therapeutic
      immunodepression, many host factors are important to induce the unusual
      presentation of NTS: major surgery, urologic abnormalities, preexisting uraemic
      state. The major importance of decreased host resistance is emphasized by the
      absence of relationship between death and bacterial resistance. The use of
      lysotypes exclude the role of an intrahospital contamination.

PMID- 6360010
TI  - [Familial and thyrotoxic hypokalemic paralysis].

PMID- 6360011
TI  - [Radioisotope explorations in cardiologic practice].

PMID- 6360012
TI  - [Possibility and value of a multicenter trial for the evaluation of
      psychotherapy].

PMID- 6360013
TI  - [Scales for the evaluation of psychotherapy. Example of application].

PMID- 6360014
TI  - [Projective tests and in particular the Pleuridimensional Drawing Test for the
      control of the effectiveness of psychotherapy].

PMID- 6360015
TI  - [Spina bifida and "psycho-socioaffective" adjustment].
AB  - The author has undertaken a critical review of the publications centered on the
      psychosocio-affective adaptation of spina-bifida. He considered the construction
      of personality, the socialization, the relations with family, marital and sexual
      life and the future professional life. Researches and guidance strategies are
      suggested.

PMID- 6360016
TI  - [Self-defense. Legitimate defense or legitimized violence].

PMID- 6360017
TI  - [Andre-Romain Prevot (1894-1982)].

PMID- 6360018
TI  - [Differentiation of Shigella flexneri serotype 6 from serotypes 1-5 by
      electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing of their elastases].
AB  - Among Shigella flexneri serotypes, serotype 6 (28 strains) was individualized
      from serotypes 1 to 5 (43 strains) by electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing of
      esterases. The taxonomic status of S. flexneri serotype 6 should be reconsidered
      in light of this work.

PMID- 6360019
TI  - In vitro and in vivo adherence of Candida albicans to mucosal surfaces.
AB  - In continuation of a previous study, chitin soluble extract (CSE) and anti
      Candida albicans antibodies were found to inhibit the in vitro adherence of C.
      albicans to human vaginal epithelial cells by 60-70%. Pretreatment of epithelial
      cells with chitin, CSE or N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG) decreased the percentage of
      adherence, while pretreatment of yeasts had no such effect, indicating that
      chitin or its derivatives may be involved in mediating the adherence of C.
      albicans. In vivo attachment of C. albicans to epithelial cells was studied in an
      experimental murine vaginitis created by inoculating mice intravaginally with
      yeasts at the oestrus stage. Attachment of the yeasts to exfoliated vaginal
      epithelial cells was followed microscopically, and the course of infection was
      assessed histopathologically in tissue sections at various times post-yeast
      inoculation. The infection rate at 24-h post-yeast inoculation was approximately
      50%. Attempts were made to block in vivo attachment and prevent infection by
      pretreating 208 mice with either CSE, NAG, mannan or phosphate-buffered saline
      (PBS) prior to inoculation with yeasts. The infection rate among mice pretreated
      with mannan or PBS was 41.6% and 43.8%, respectively. Among CSE- or NAG
      pretreated animals, the rate ranged from 0-9%. Treatment of mice with CSE or NAG
      after inoculation of the yeasts did not prevent infection. The data from the in
      vivo experiments reveal that pretreatment of animals with chitin derivatives
      blocks attachment of yeasts to the vaginal mucosal surfaces and leads to the
      prevention of vaginal infection in an experimental model.

PMID- 6360020
TI  - Ipsilateral rotating autokeratoplasty.
AB  - Ipsilateral rotating autokeratoplasty may be indicated when a nonprogressive
      central scar is present in an otherwise clear and normal cornea. By rotating an
      eccentric corneal button, the scar can be displaced peripherally and clear cornea
      brought into the visual axis. Ten cases of ipsilateral rotating autokeratoplasty
      were done in the Cornea Service at Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, between 1975
      and 1980. The technique is comparable to routine penetrating keratoplasty. There
      were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. Postoperative astigmatism
      was not a serious problem. All grafts remained clear and satisfactory; visual
      results were obtained in the majority of the patients.

PMID- 6360021
TI  - Corneal abscesses in silicone and soft contact lens wearers.
AB  - Fourteen cases of corneal abscesses in wearers of contact lenses were seen in our
      department during the last 3 years. The hospitalization period varied from a few
      days to seven weeks. In one case, it was necessary to perform penetrating
      keratoplasty in order to restore good vision. Cultures taken from the corneal
      abscesses were positive in six cases. Pseudomonas was found in five cases and
      Enterobacter in one case. During the three years of the survey, no hard contact
      lens wearers with corneal abscesses were hospitalized. Wearers of silicone
      contact lenses comprised 21.4% of the cases with corneal abscess. This is a high
      percentage considering the fact that these lenses are very rare among contact
      lens wearers in Israel.

PMID- 6360022
TI  - Management of infectious endophthalmitis by combined vitrectomy and intraocular
      injection.
AB  - Combined therapeutic vitrectomy and intraocular antibiotic injection were used as
      a primary treatment for infectious endophthalmitis after diagnostic vitreous tap
      on seven patients. Two patients also received penetrating keratoplasty in
      addition to vitrectomy. Postoperatively, two patients achieved visual acuity of
      20/30 or better, and five patients achieved 20/100 or better. One eye was
      enucleated.

PMID- 6360023
TI  - Endothelial cell counts after epikeratophakia surgery.
AB  - We used specular microscopy to study the corneal endothelium of eight aphakic
      patients who had undergone epikeratophakia. The average post-operative period was
      16 months with a range of 12 to 18 months. Corneal thickness increased from 0.52
      mm +/- 0.01 mm to 0.88 mm +/- 0.04 mm with the addition of the onlay graft. The
      average pre-operative endothelial cell count was low (1,450 per mm2 +/- 218) and
      did not differ significantly (p greater than .9) from the average postoperative
      cell count (1,438 per mm2 +/- 218). Despite the increase in corneal thickness and
      low endothelial cell counts, we saw no corneal edema. We conclude that
      epikeratophakia is well tolerated by the cornea and can be performed safely on
      eyes that have already undergone substantial trauma to the endothelium.

PMID- 6360024
TI  - [Scanning findings in sciatica].

PMID- 6360025
TI  - [Spondylodiscitis due to Candida albicans. Apropos of 1 case. Review of the
      literature].

PMID- 6360026
TI  - A critical evaluation of a new fluorescence immunoassay system for the
      measurement of serum phenytoin concentrations.
AB  - Results are presented which show that the Ames TDA tm phenytoin kit may be used
      with a shortened incubation time (5 minutes) and that, using a Fluorostat tm
      instrument, a single calibration curve can be stored and used effectively over a
      three-week period. The importance of temperature control when using a single
      calibration curve is emphasised. An unexplained finding was that higher results
      were obtained for phenytoin concentrations up to about 15 mg/l with increasing
      incubation temperature. There was acceptable precision of measurement at all
      levels of phenytoin concentration, and there was no significant interference by
      haemoglobin, bilirubin, or lipids. The TDA results correlated well with those
      obtained using liquid chromatography (y = 0.39 + 0.98x, r = 0.98, where y = TDA
      and x = HPLC) and enzyme immunoassay (y = 0.08 + 0.93x, r = 0.96, where y = TDA
      and x = EIA).

PMID- 6360027
TI  - Clinical trials of vasoactive and antiserotonin drugs in Duchenne muscular
      dystrophy.
AB  - In clinical trials of vasoactive and antiserotonin agents in Duchenne muscular
      dystrophy, we found that methysergide, 8 mg daily, was associated with an average
      44% improvement in Gower Time (i.e., time to arise from supine) and an average
      16% improvement in ward walking time. We then did a double blind crossover study
      of methysergide and found an average improvement of 33% in head holding time with
      methysergide compared to placebo. In other tests, including grip strength, ward
      walking time, and Gower Time, methysergide average scores always were better than
      placebo average scores, but never by more than 12%, and at no time did the
      differences reach statistical significance. There was no clinical or laboratory
      evidence of toxicity of methysergide. We conclude, that under the conditions of
      testing, there was no statistically significant evidence for short-term benefit
      from methysergide in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 6360028
TI  - Evidence that basal beta cell activity may play a role in determining insulin
      sensitivity in healthy man.
AB  - Aim of this investigation was to correlate basal beta cell function and insulin
      sensitivity in healthy man. A group of 10 healthy subjects with normal body
      weight and glucose tolerance was studied. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by
      glucose disappearance rate after insulin injection (0.1 IU/kg body weight). Beta
      cell secretion rate was estimated by the evaluating of fasting C peptide
      circulating levels. A positive and significant relationship was observed between
      fasting C peptide concentrations and coefficients of insulin sensitivity (r =
      0.694, p less than 0.05). We conclude that in healthy man basal beta cell
      secretion rate plays an important role in determining the peripheral sensitivity
      to insulin. In particular, hormone sensitivity is directly proportional to
      pancreatic hormone production in basal condition.

PMID- 6360030
TI  - Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease with coincidental familial onset.
AB  - A family with Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease had coincidental clinical
      onset in three members of two generations, a phenomenon suggesting a common
      source of a transmissible agent. A regular dietary supplement in this family was
      home-bred rabbit. The clinical picture, although generally similar to that in
      previous accounts, included the unusual findings of visual loss (one patient) and
      sensory loss (one patient), and dementia was not apparent until late in the
      illness in two patients. Pathological examination of a cerebellar cortical biopsy
      specimen from one patient and postmortem tissue from two patients revealed
      multicentric amyloid plaques located in cerebral and cerebellar cortex, basal
      ganglia, and white matter with degeneration of corticospinal, dorsal
      spinocerebellar, dentatorubral, and geniculocalcarine tracts and dorsal columns.
      Spongiform change was focal and confined to the superficial cerebral cortical
      layers.

PMID- 6360029
TI  - Antibodies to cerebellar Purkinje cells in patients with paraneoplastic
      cerebellar degeneration and ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - Sera from 2 patients with ovarian carcinoma and paraneoplastic cerebellar
      degeneration confirmed postmortem were reacted with frozen sections of human
      cerebellum and stained using indirect immunofluorescence methods. Both sera
      produced bright cytoplasmic staining of Purkinje cells and of neurons within deep
      cerebellar nuclei. Titration of these sera to end point revealed staining at
      final dilutions of 1:640 and 1:2,560, respectively. Neither of these sera reacted
      with sections of human cerebrum, basal ganglia, spinal cord, peripheral nerve,
      lung, liver, kidney, or ovary. Staining of Purkinje cells was not obtained with
      sera from 34 normal, healthy controls, 5 patients with oat cell carcinoma of the
      lung, 6 patients with inflammatory central nervous system disorders, or 12 of 14
      neurologically normal patients with ovarian carcinoma. Sera from 2 neurologically
      normal patients with ovarian carcinoma, however, produced staining of Purkinje
      cells and deep nuclei similar to that obtained with sera from patients with
      paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. The present study documents the presence
      of antibodies to Purkinje cells in patients with ovarian carcinoma and cerebellar
      degeneration and demonstrates that development of these antibodies may antedate
      the onset of clinically evident cerebellar degeneration.

PMID- 6360031
TI  - Lack of clinical efficacy of chronic oral physostigmine in Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Ten patients with mild to severe Alzheimer's disease were treated for up to 10
      months with 10 to 15 mg oral physostigmine daily or with placebo, according to a
      single blind, multiple crossover protocol. No clinically meaningful improvement
      occurred with physostigmine treatment.

PMID- 6360032
TI  - [Parameters characterizing the productivity of an inoculum of the producer of
      oleandomycin].
AB  - The possibility of using different criteria for estimation of the productivity of
      the vegetative inoculum of the oleandomycin-producing organism was studied with a
      purpose of providing maximum levels of the biosynthetic process. The use of the
      criteria of the culture respiration intensity and accumulation of the
      physiologically active mycelium as the main ones was shown to be advisable. The
      quantity and distribution of the mycelium in samples and the time course of
      changes in active acidity of the medium during the inoculum growth may be used as
      auxiliary criteria.

PMID- 6360033
TI  - [Morphofunctional features of cells of Candida albicans upon interaction with a
      polyene antibiotic].
AB  - Changes in the volume, mass and concentration of the dry matter in the cells of
      Candida albicans during 48-hour incubation with various doses of amphotericin B
      were studied with the use of a polarization interference microscope (BIOLAR,
      Poland). The changes of the parameters studied had a wave-like pattern under the
      effect of fungicidal, fungistatic and subfungistatic doses. It was shown that
      within the first minutes of the contact any dose increased the volume and lowered
      the concentration of the dry matter of C. albicans cells due to impairment of the
      cytoplasmic membrane permeability. Later the fungicidal and fungistatic doses of
      amphotericin B induced irreversible pathological changes in the cells accompanied
      by an increase in the volume and a decrease in the mass and concentration of the
      dry matter in the cytoplasm. The subinhibitory concentrations of the drug
      promoted the fungus growth instead of its inhibition.

PMID- 6360034
TI  - [Current principles of beta-lactamase classification].

PMID- 6360035
TI  - [Effect of conditions of agitation and aeration on the biosynthesis of
      oleandomycin].
AB  - The data on the effect of the aeration and agitation conditions on biosynthesis
      of oleandomycin in 0.75, 3 and 50 m3 apparatus are presented. The relationship
      between the biosynthetic parameters, oxygen dissolution rate and specific power
      consumption for agitation was studied. It was shown that the values of the
      specific power consumption for agitation were not acceptable for scaling up the
      process of oleandomycin biosynthesis.

PMID- 6360036
TI  - [Effect of several components of the nutrient medium on the biosynthesis of
      tobramycin].
AB  - The optimal concentrations of mineral phosphorus for the growth of the tobramycin
      producing organism and for the production of the antibiotic by it in the
      synthetic medium were determined. Introduction of an additional source of mineral
      phosphorus into the rich soybean medium resulted in decreased levels of
      antibiotic production. The stimulating effect of manganese sulfate on the
      biosynthesis of tobramycin in the rich medium was shown. The stimulating effect
      of soybean, linseed and palm oils on the production of tobramycin was evident
      when the fermentation period was longer.

PMID- 6360037
TI  - [Role of R-plasmids in the formation of hospital strains of conditionally
      pathogenic gram-negative bacteria].

PMID- 6360038
TI  - Randomized comparison of ceftazidime versus clindamycin-tobramycin in the
      treatment of obstetrical and gynecological infections.
AB  - A randomized comparison of ceftazidime versus clindamycin-tobramycin was
      performed for the treatment of obstetrical and gynecological infections. Entry
      criteria were an oral temperature of greater than or equal to 38 degrees C and a
      clinical diagnosis of endometritis, salpingitis, or pelvic cellulitis after
      hysterectomy. All patients with endometritis had cultures of intrauterine
      material obtained via a transcervical single-lumen catheter. The patients with
      pelvic cellulitis had material from the vaginal apex aspirated for culture, and
      all patients with salpingitis had a culdocentesis for culture of intraperitoneal
      material. Of 38 patients who received ceftazidime, 34 had endometritis after
      cesarean section, 3 had endometritis after abortion, and 1 had pelvic cellulitis.
      Of 39 patients who received clindamycin-tobramycin, 35 had endometritis after
      cesarean section, 3 had salpingitis, and 1 had pelvic cellulitis. The most common
      bacterial isolates were Lactobacillus sp., Bacteroides bivius, Escherichia coli,
      other gram-negative aerobic bacilli, group B streptococci, and other aerobic
      streptococci. Bacteremia occurred in 9.0% of the patients. Of the patients
      receiving clindamycin-tobramycin and ceftazidime, 34 (87.2%) and 34 (89.5%),
      respectively, responded to therapy. All the clinical failures occurred in
      patients with endometritis after cesarean section. Clinical failures had
      persistent fever despite 3 or more days of treatment. One of the patients
      receiving clindamycin-tobramycin developed an urticarial rash after her infection
      had resolved. No patient in either group developed diarrhea. In these small
      groups of patients, there were no significant differences in cure rate, side
      effects, or length of hospital stay.

PMID- 6360039
TI  - Phosphonopeptides as substrates for peptide transport systems and peptidases of
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Peptide transport and peptidase susceptibility of the antibacterial agent
      alafosfalin and other phosphonopeptides have been characterized in Escherichia
      coli. Phosphonodipeptides were accumulated by a process which appeared to involve
      multiple permeases; saturation was not achieved even at concentrations of 128
      microM. Competition studies showed that these compounds had only a low affinity
      for the system transporting phosphonooligopeptides and were rapidly taken up by
      and were inhibitory to E. coli mutants unable to transport the toxic peptide
      triornithine. Phosphonodipeptides containing D-residues were not appreciably
      transported. By contrast, phosphonooligopeptides were generally transported by a
      distinct saturable permease system for which they had a high affinity. This
      system was identical to that utilized by triornithine. Phosphonooligopeptides
      with simple monoalkyl substituents at the amino terminus were also transported
      except in the case of a t-butyl substituent. The oligopeptide permease was also
      able to transport certain derivatives which contained some residues having D
      rather than L stereochemistry. Intracellular metabolism of phosphonooligopeptides
      was initiated almost exclusively by hydrolysis from the N terminus by an L
      specific peptidase. This initial hydrolytic activity was unaffected by the
      aminopeptidase inhibitor bestatin, unlike the final hydrolysis step which yields
      L-1-aminoethylphosphonic acid from the phosphonodipeptide intermediate.

PMID- 6360040
TI  - Radiometric macrophage culture assay for rapid evaluation of antileprosy activity
      of rifampin.
AB  - The antileprosy effect of rifampin was evaluated by a newly developed rapid in
      vitro assay wherein 31 human-derived strains and 1 armadillo-derived strain of
      Mycobacterium leprae were maintained for 2 and 3 weeks, respectively, in murine
      and human macrophages in the presence of [3H]thymidine. Of these strains, 27
      showed significant incorporation of the radiolabel in cultures of live bacilli as
      compared with control cultures of heat-killed bacilli of the same strain.
      Consistent and significant inhibition of [3H]thymidine uptake was observed in M.
      leprae resident cultures with 3 to 200 ng of rifampin per ml as compared with
      similar cultures without the drug. In general, an increase in percent inhibition
      was seen from 3 to 20 ng/ml, with marginal increases at 40, 50, and 100 ng/ml. M.
      leprae strains appear to be remarkably susceptible to this drug in the in vitro
      assay.

PMID- 6360041
TI  - Factors affecting the enumeration of coliphages in sewage and sewage-polluted
      waters.
AB  - The count of coliphages in naturally polluted waters was found to be dependent on
      many experimental factors. If Escherichia coli C was used as a host strain,
      consistently higher counts were obtained than with other strains (B,K-12
      derivatives). This could be explained partly by the absence of a restriction
      system in C. A nutrient medium (modified Scholtens' agar, MSA) was developed with
      optimal concentrations of calcium- and magnesium-ions. MSA was compared with
      other media used for phage work and was found to give higher counts than all but
      one medium, Phage Assay Agar (PAA), which performed equally. If plating was done
      in a single agar layer in a large-size Petri-dish, higher counts were found than
      with the well-known double-agar-layer method.

PMID- 6360042
TI  - Cell wall composition and protoplast regeneration in Candida albicans.
AB  - The transition of blastospores to the mycelial phase in Candida albicans was
      induced after the blastospores were kept at 4 degrees C for several hours and
      then transferred to a fresh medium prewarmed at 37 degrees C. Glucan was the most
      abundant polymer in the wall in the two morphogenetic forms but the amount of
      chitin was higher in the mycelial form than in blastospores. Efficient
      protoplasting required reducing agents and proteases together with beta
      glucanases (zymolyase). Protein synthesis in regenerating protoplasts was
      initiated after about 30 min. Chitin synthetase, initially very low, was
      incorporated in important amounts into cell membranes mainly in a zymogenic
      state. After a few hours chitin was the most abundant polymer found in the
      aberrant wall of the regenerating protoplast.

PMID- 6360043
TI  - Indirect induction of SOS functions in Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - Infection of non-UV-irradiated cells of Salmonella typhimurium with UV-damaged
      P22 or KB1 phage induces recA-dependent inhibition of cell division, cell
      mutagenesis and prophage induction but not inhibition of respiration. On the
      contrary, respiration and ATP concentration are increased after treatment with UV
      damaged phage in both RecA+ and RecA- strains, showing that this increase is not
      recA-dependent. Furthermore, infection with UV-damaged phage prevents both
      inhibition of respiration and decrease in ATP level in the UV-irradiated RecA+
      strain. This indirect induction of SOS functions is related to degradation of
      phage DNA as well as to the multiplicity of infection used, suggesting that DNA
      degradation may play an important role in the mechanism of expression of the SOS
      system. Our results give also support to the hypothesis that there exists a
      differentiation in the expression of the various SOS functions.

PMID- 6360044
TI  - Microplate fecal coliform method to monitor stream water pollution.
AB  - A study has been carried out on the Moselle River by means of a microtechnique
      based on the most-probable-number method for fecal coliform enumeration. This
      microtechnique, in which each serial dilution of a sample is inoculated into all
      96 wells of a microplate, was compared with the standard membrane filter method.
      It showed a marked overestimation of about 14% due, probably, to the lack of
      absolute specificity of the method. The high precision of the microtechnique
      (13%, in terms of the coefficient of variation for log most probable number) and
      its relative independence from the influence of bacterial density allowed the use
      of analysis of variance to investigate the effects of spatial and temporal
      bacterial heterogeneity on the estimation of coliforms. Variability among
      replicate samples, subsamples, handling, and analytical errors were considered as
      the major sources of variation in bacterial titration. Variances associated with
      individual components of the sampling procedure were isolated, and optimal
      replications of each step were determined. Temporal variation was shown to be
      more influential than the other three components (most probable number,
      subsample, sample to sample), which were approximately equal in effect. However,
      the incidence of sample-to-sample variability (16%, in terms of the coefficient
      of variation for log most probable number) caused by spatial heterogeneity of
      bacterial populations in the Moselle River is shown and emphasized. Consequently,
      we recommend that replicate samples be taken on each occasion when conducting a
      sampling program for a stream pollution survey.

PMID- 6360046
TI  - DNA-DNA hybridization assay for detection of Salmonella spp. in foods.
AB  - We have developed a DNA-DNA hybridization test for the presence of Salmonella
      spp. in foods. This test requires an initial pre-enrichment of food samples in
      nutrient broth but does not require selective enrichment. Samples of food
      cultures are collected on membrane filters and assayed by molecular hybridization
      to labeled probes. The probes consist of DNA sequences which are unique to the
      genus Salmonella and are widely distributed in the genus. A diverse panel of
      foods was assayed successfully by this methodology.

PMID- 6360047
TI  - Detection of Salmonella spp. in milk by using Felix-O1 bacteriophage and high
      pressure liquid chromatography.
AB  - A method is described whereby the presence of less than five salmonellae was
      detected per milliliter of milk within 24 h of sample collection. Salmonellae
      were removed from milk by means of electropositive large-pore filters. Eluates
      from the filters were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella spp. by Felix-O1
      bacteriophage and high-pressure liquid chromatographic techniques. The method
      gave only a positive response when salmonellae were present in the milk. Of the
      serotypes and strains of Salmonella spp. tested, Salmonella dublin (10 strains),
      Salmonella typhimurium (5 strains), Salmonella anatum, Salmonella krefeld, and
      Salmonella saint-paul gave positive responses. One strain of Salmonella agona
      (three strains tested) and three strains of Salmonella enteritidis (seven strains
      tested) were not detectable by the method described herein.

PMID- 6360045
TI  - Susceptibility of Legionella pneumophila to chlorine in tap water.
AB  - A study was conducted to compare the susceptibility of legionellae and coliforms
      to disinfection by chlorine. The chlorine residuals used were similar to
      concentrations that might be found in the distribution systems of large public
      potable water supplies. The effects of various chlorine concentrations,
      temperatures, and pH levels were considered. A number of different Legionella
      strains, both environmental and clinical, were tested. The results indicate that
      legionellae are much more resistant to chlorine than are coliform bacteria. At 21
      degrees C, pH 7.6, and 0.1 mg of free chlorine residual per liter, a 99% kill of
      L. pneumophila was achieved within 40 min, compared with less than 1 min for
      Escherichia coli. The observed resistance is enhanced as conditions for
      disinfection become less optimal. The required contact time for the removal of L.
      pneumophilia was twice as long at 4 degrees C than it was at 21 degrees C. These
      data suggest that legionellae can survive low levels of chlorine for relatively
      long periods of time.

PMID- 6360049
TI  - Description of an emerging epidemic: the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
      (AIDS).

PMID- 6360048
TI  - Evaluation of filters for recovery of Campylobacter jejuni from water.
AB  - Campylobacter jejuni has been incriminated in several large waterborne outbreaks,
      but it has rarely been isolated from water itself. Better methodology is needed
      for the isolation of C. jejuni from water. We evaluated three types of 0.45
      micron microporous filters and three different pore sizes of positively charged
      depth filters for their ability to recover C. jejuni from seeded, sterile tap and
      surface water. The microporous filters tested were Millipore HA, Gelman GN6, and
      Zetapor. Three pore sizes of Zeta Plus depth filters (05S, 30S, and 50S) were
      evaluated by using an adsorption-elution technique. The overall percent recovery
      in both tap and surface water by microporous filters was: Zetapor, 66%; Millipore
      HA, 33%; and Gelman GN6, 33%. Adsorption-elution with Zeta Plus 50S allowed 89%
      recovery of C. jejuni. These data suggest that both the positively charged
      Zetapor microporous filter and the Zeta Plus 50S depth filter are effective
      filters for the recovery of C. jejuni from water.

PMID- 6360050
TI  - [Development of antitumor platinum complexes].
AB  - Since the discovery of the antitumor activity of cis-dichlorodiammine platinum
      (II) in various tumor systems by B. Rosenberg in 1969, many Pt complexes have
      been prepared to ameliolate DDP. It has been known to have severe nephrotoxicity,
      nausea and vomiting, as well as ototoxicity. However, DDP has a wide spectrum of
      antitumor activity, and it is specifically active against cancers in bladder,
      testis, ovary and, head and neck. To attenuate such toxicities, hydration prior
      to DDP administration and/or application of diuretics, as well as combination
      therapy with other antitumor agents have been developed. Various studies
      indicated that the nephrotoxicity was attenuated by changing carrier ligands and
      leaving groups. Toxicity to be removed so far is myelosuppression and vomiting.
      Another problem is the cross-resistance of DDP. Against L1210/DDP, amine,
      ethylenediamine, o-phenylenediamine and 1,2-cyclopentanediamine Pt complexes
      showed cross-resistance, while dach and 1,2-cycloheptanediamine Pt complexes
      showed no cross-resistance. In this review, the author discusses mainly
      preparation of the Pt complex of the 2nd generation, being now in the clinical
      trials and my approach to the development of the antitumor Pt complexes in my
      laboratory. Pt complexes being now in the advanced studies are: CBDCA, CHIP,
      DACCP, PYPl PHIC, TNO-6 and l-OHP. New Pt complexes are still deviced
      continuously. The capability of synthesizing Pt complexes which are
      characteristically effective against the slow-growing solid tumors, from the
      standpoint of the coordination chemist.

PMID- 6360051
TI  - Usefulness of direct immunofluorescence in patients with lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 6360052
TI  - Guttate psoriasis, glomerulonephritis and streptococcal infection.

PMID- 6360053
TI  - Scleroderma. A model for fibrosis.

PMID- 6360054
TI  - Beta cell function in siblings of diabetic children and HLA type.
AB  - Beta cell function was tested in HLA-DR typed siblings of insulin dependent
      diabetic children. HLA identical siblings showed an increased insulin response
      compared with controls and HLA nonidentical siblings. This beta cell
      hyperactivity may be an early carbohydrate intolerance or a genetically
      determined increase in beta cell metabolism.

PMID- 6360055
TI  - Nifedipine cardioplegia experience: results of a 3-year cooperative clinical
      study.
AB  - Previous animal studies and a preliminary clinical trial of the addition of
      nifedipine to cardioplegic solution demonstrated salutary effects in terms of
      postischemic performance. This report examines the combined results of extended
      clinical trials conducted in two centers: Barnes Hospital, St. Louis, and
      Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh. From an open-heart population of 4,777
      patients, 205 highest-risk persons were selected for study. One hundred seventy
      of them were given nifedipine in cardioplegic solution. The remaining 35 served
      as controls to compare with 39 treated patients in the randomized subset of 74.
      Thirty-eight percent were women; the average age was 61 +/- 1 year; and most were
      in New York Heart Association Class IV. One-third had valve replacement, one
      quarter had coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and 37% had valve, CABG, and
      other procedures in combination. Characteristically, these patients had a 50%
      increase in end-diastolic volumes, low cardiac indexes (1.7 +/- 1 L/min/m2), and
      low left ventricular stroke work indexes (22 +/- 2 gm-m/m2). Average cross-clamp
      time was 77 minutes. At Allegheny, an extracellular hyperkalemic solution was
      used to deliver an average dose of 407 +/- 22 micrograms per patient. At Barnes,
      a low-sodium hyperkalemic solution was used; the average dose was 476 +/- 22
      micrograms. The results of hemodynamic studies in the randomized subset
      demonstrated approximately a twofold greater improvement in the treated group in
      cardiac index, stroke volume, left ventricular stroke work index, and pulmonary
      vascular resistance immediately after bypass. The incidence of acute low cardiac
      output death was 4% versus 11% in the nontreated group. The hospital survivorship
      for all treated patients was 84%. It is concluded that the addition of a calcium
      antagonist, nifedipine, reduced the incidence of acute global cardiac failure in
      the immediate postoperative interval.

PMID- 6360056
TI  - Pulmonary infections in cardiac transplant patients: modes of diagnosis,
      complications, and effectiveness of therapy.
AB  - Eighteen serious pulmonary infections have been encountered in 10 of 16 surviving
      cardiac transplant recipients. Fourteen of 18 infections (78%) occurred within
      the first six months after transplant and the remaining 4 (22%) after the first
      six months (p less than 0.05). There was no correlation between the number of
      rejections per patient and propensity toward infection. Transtracheal aspiration
      or percutaneous lung aspiration established the diagnosis in all but two
      episodes. Percutaneous lung aspiration appeared more accurate as a diagnostic
      tool but was associated with 6 complications in 13 attempts (46%), while no
      complications occurred in 17 attempts with transtracheal aspiration (p less than
      0.05). Five of the 10 patients had multiple episodes of pulmonary infection; 2 of
      these 5 (40%) had concurrent infections. Nocardia organisms were encountered most
      frequently, accounting for 7 of 18 (39%) infections; 6 of 10 patients (60%) were
      infected with Nocardia at some point after transplant. Nine of 10 patients (90%)
      were cured of infection. Eight are still alive without evidence of infection. We
      conclude from these data that pulmonary infection is common in transplant
      recipients, that early definitive diagnosis, in spite of the potential
      complications, is warranted, and that cure of infection and long-term survival
      are possible if treatment is timely and aggressive.

PMID- 6360057
TI  - Pulsatile and nonpulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass: review of a counterproductive
      controversy.
AB  - In the controversy over pulsatile and nonpulsatile perfusion, most authors have
      failed to recognize the fundamental physical differences between the two methods.
      Pulsatile perfusion is polymorphic and its form varies with both the pulsatile
      source and the vascular system being perfused; nonpulsatile perfusion is by
      definition unvarying and uniform. While many studies of hemodynamics, metabolism,
      organ function, microcirculation, and histology show benefits derived from
      pulsatile perfusion, others do not. The simplest explanation for these conflicts
      is that different investigators employ different forms of pulsatile perfusion,
      only some of which are effective. Failure to quantitate adequately the pulsatile
      components of flow in these studies prevents differentiation between effective
      and ineffective forms of pulsatile flow and makes comparison of studies
      difficult. Future research in this area should be directed toward definition of
      effective pulsatile perfusion by adequate measurement of the pulsatile components
      of perfusion.

PMID- 6360058
TI  - Sedative-hypnotic drug use and ageing.
AB  - Behavioural disadvantages associated with the use of sedative-hypnotic drugs in
      the elderly are considered in relation to four aspects of drug usage reported in
      the epidemiological literature between 1960 and 1982, viz. (1) the prevalence of
      drug usage; (2) the type of drug, and the dose used; (3) the typical duration of
      usage; and (4) the typical frequency of usage. Demographic characteristics of
      elderly hypnotic users are also examined. The pattern and prevalence of usage
      over the past 20 yr show many consistent features. In particular, the prevalence
      of drug usage among the elderly has remained relatively high, especially within
      institutional settings. Sex differences in the prevalence of sleeping drug usage,
      frequently reported for elderly populations, appear to be related to bereavement,
      health status, and age. The advanced age of hypnotic drug users, however, does
      not appear to influence the choice of hypnotic drug prescribed. Moreover, drugs
      and dosages typically prescribed, and the duration and frequency of use typically
      reported, do not reflect a consistent approach to the problem of minimizing some
      of the adverse behavioural consequences associated with sedative-hypnotic drug
      use in the elderly.

PMID- 6360059
TI  - Attenuated development of renal hypertension in essential fatty acid-deficient
      rats.
AB  - Renal hypertension (one-clip, two kidney) developed to a lower level in essential
      fatty acid (EFA)-deficient rats than in controls on a complete diet. Body weight
      gain was the same in both clipped groups. Hypertension in rats on an EFA
      deficient diet supplemented with linoleic acid (corn oil) was comparable to that
      in rats on a complete diet. Plasma renin activity was significantly higher in
      both hypertensive groups. However, in the EFA-deficient groups the difference
      between hypertensive and sham-operated rats was 63% less than in the "control"
      groups. Indomethacin potentiated the development of renal hypertension of the
      control group. Addition of 3.5% linoleic acid (corn oil) to a complete diet
      blunted the development of hypertension. It is suggested that in the EFA
      deficient rats, a lack of endogenous prostaglandin biosynthesis is not
      responsible for the attenuated development of renal hypertension.

PMID- 6360060
TI  - Prenatal ethanol alters development of cardiac ornithine decarboxylase response
      to adrenergic agents in rat. I. Continuous exposure.
AB  - The maturation of cardiac sympathetic nerve function has been studied in
      developing rats exposed continuously to ethanol from the 13th day of gestation.
      Adrenergic development was determined by stimulation of cardiac ornithine
      decarboxylase (ODC) activity in response to sympathetic activation induced by
      nicotine, isoproterenol or insulin. In control rats, a significant cardiac ODC
      response to isoproterenol was first observed at 5 days of postnatal age whereas
      the response to nicotine was observed at 7 days of age. Cardiac ODC response to
      insulin-induced hypoglycemia was maximal between 3 and 12 days of postnatal age
      in the controls. Chlorisondamine pretreatment blocked insulin-induced cardiac ODC
      response starting from 7 days of postnatal age indicating that the induction in
      the activity was mediated via central stimulation of sympathetic nerves at this
      age. In contrast, pups exposed to ethanol throughout development showed decreased
      cardiac responses to sympathetic stimulation induced by isoproterenol and insulin
      with increasing postnatal age. Nicotine response was delayed also until 10 days
      of age in these ethanol-treated animals. Withdrawal at birth did not prevent
      abnormal maturation of cardiac sympathetic nerve function. These results suggest
      that maternal ethanol intake slows the development of sympathetic innervation to
      the heart of the offspring, more particularly the developement of cardiac beta
      adrenergic receptors response to isoproterenol.

PMID- 6360061
TI  - Plasma catecholamine and cardiovascular responses to morphine and D-ala2-d-leu5
      enkephalin in conscious rats.
AB  - The effects of morphine and DADL on cardiovascular parameters and plasma
      catecholamine levels were studied in conscious unrestrained rats. Morphine 30
      micrograms icv increased blood pressure over the 3 hr recording period, produced
      an initial bradycardia followed by a tachycardia and increased plasma epinephrine
      and norepinephrine levels 20- and 2-fold respectively. These responses were not
      altered by systemic naloxone 0.8 mg/kg ia or naloxone injected icv 110
      micrograms. In adrenalectomized rats blood pressure, heart rate and plasma
      norepinephrine responses were not significantly altered. Lower doses of morphine
      1, 3 and 10 micrograms icv produced dose-related increases in plasma
      catecholamines, in the absence of any signs of respiratory depression, which were
      antagonized by naloxone 110 micrograms icv. 1m Morphine 10 mg/kg produced effects
      similar to those of icv morphine and these were readily antagonized by naloxone
      0.8 mg/kg ia. DADL 10 micrograms icv also produced effects similar to those of
      morphine but of a shorter duration, and these were also inhibited by naloxone 0.8
      mg/kg ia. The results are consistent with an action of opiates on a specific
      opiate receptor in the brain mediating an increase in catecholamine release. The
      rise in blood pressure may in part be a consequence of the increase in
      circulating catecholamines.

PMID- 6360062
TI  - Pathogenicity of Eikenella corrodens in humans.
AB  - Eikenella corrodens is resident flora of the normal adult human oral cavity. Four
      cases of verified infection and previous case reports of infections caused by
      this organism were reviewed and analyzed. Rarely has this bacillus been found as
      the sole isolate to initiate infection in the host with normal immune status. In
      the immunocompromised host, this organism was observed as the sole isolate in
      cases of persistent empyemas and/or overwhelming pneumonias with bacteremias. The
      potential of the organism singly to perpetuate an established infection appears
      real. In the immunocompromised patients such potentials are accentuated and can
      result in fulminant pulmonary infections and death. The finding of E corrodens in
      an infection site of a compromised patient should indicate specific therapy.

PMID- 6360063
TI  - Normal liver function. A basis for understanding hepatic disease.
AB  - The physiology of the liver involves metabolism, excretion, and body defense.
      Within the context of metabolism, the liver is the site of a multitude of
      biochemical reactions essential to the human organism; included are synthesis,
      degradation, interconversion, storage, and biotransformation. A working knowledge
      of the relationship between structure and function and of hepatic processes under
      normal conditions is essential for understanding the derangements observed in
      clinical diseases affecting the liver. Our overview of hepatic physiology
      highlights some of these facets of normal hepatic anatomy and function of special
      relevance to the physician confronting liver dysfunction and its varied clinical
      consequences.

PMID- 6360064
TI  - Sleep apnea. From the needles of Dionysius to continuous positive airway
      pressure.
AB  - It is generally believed that the first description of the sleep apnea syndrome
      was made by Charles Dickens in the Pickwick Papers and that the first medical
      description was published in 1956. In fact, some of the features of the sleep
      apnea syndrome were described in antiquity and brief medical reports were
      published prior to the Pickwick Papers. This article traces the literary and
      medical contributions to our understanding of sleep apnea.

PMID- 6360065
TI  - Mycobacterial diseases.

PMID- 6360066
TI  - On the redox control of synthesis of anaerobically induced enzymes in
      enterobacteriaceae.
AB  - Mutants of Escherichia coli were isolated in which transcription of the
      structural genes for hydrogenase (hyd) and for one of the components of formate
      dehydrogenase (fdh) (of the formate hydrogen-lyase complex) is coupled with that
      of the lacZ gene. They were--together with lac fusions of the nifH and nifL genes
      from Klebsiella--used to study regulation by redox control, of the expression of
      the respective structural genes. The following results were obtained: (i) beta
      galactosidase synthesis was fully repressed in the presence of O2 or nitrate
      (anaerobically), and induced in the absence of an external electron acceptor.
      Fumarate as terminal electron acceptor only marginally affected nif expression
      and partially repressed hyd and fdh expression. Redox control of the synthesis of
      hydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase, therefore, (as well as that of nif) acts
      at the level of transcription; the size of the redox potential seems to be
      correlated with the amount of repression; (ii) beta-galactosidase synthesis in
      the hyd:: lac and fdh::lac fusion strains is induced by formate. At high
      concentrations formate reverses the repression by nitrate and fumarate but not
      that by oxygen.

PMID- 6360067
TI  - Occurrence of deletion plasmids at high rates after conjugative transfer of the
      plasmids RP4 and RK2 from Escherichia coli to Alcaligenes eutrophus H16.
AB  - The broad host-range IncP-1 plasmids RP4 and RK2 were transferred by conjugation
      from Escherichia coli to Alcaligenes eutrophus H16. Among the transconjugants
      selected on media containing tetracycline, a considerable number did not express
      kanamycin resistance. By comparing restriction patterns of plasmids isolated from
      a large number of transconjugants a variety of different deletion derivatives
      were found. All of these possess more or less extended deletions always including
      parts of the tra 1-region. The plasmids RP4 and RK2, once established in A.
      eutrophus H16 showed a high stability and it can be concluded that deletion
      formation is connected with the conjugation process. Evidence is given that
      degradation of DNA entering an A. eutrophus recipient cell during the conjugative
      transfer process may be involved in deletion formation. Furthermore, the finding
      of a small deletion derivative of RP4 lacking the transacting replication
      function trfB and the entire kil-kor-system may allow the assumption that these
      gene functions are not essential for replication and maintenance of RP4 in A.
      eutrophus hosts.

PMID- 6360068
TI  - Electron transport and cytochromes in aerobically grown Proteus mirabilis.
AB  - The function of the cytochromes in electron transport from NADH to oxygen in
      aerobically grown Proteus mirabilis has been determined. 77K-Spectra of
      cytoplasmic membrane suspensions, frozen while catalyzing electron transport from
      NADH to oxygen, in the presence as well as in the absence of 2-n-heptyl-4
      hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide, have been recorded. Analysis of these 77K-spectra
      revealed that cytochrome b-563 (E'0 = +140 mV), cytochrome b-556 (E'0 = +140 mV)
      [or alternatively cytochrome b-563/556 (E'0 = +140 mV)] and cytochrome b-557 (E'0
      = +50 mV) may function in a Q or b-cycle. The function of cytochrome c-549 (E'0 =
      +75 mV), which seems to be present only in a very low concentration, and
      cytochrome b-556 (E'0 = -105 mV), which reacts very slowly to the addition of
      NADH and oxygen, remains unclear. Cytochrome o, the main oxidase of aerobically
      grown P. mirabilis cells, can not be detected by the methods described above.
      Only when the reduced form of cytochrome o is liganded with carbon monoxide a
      specific alpha-band can be detected at 569 nm at 25 degrees C and 565 nm at 77K.

PMID- 6360069
TI  - [Cajal (memories and reflections of one of his last students)].

PMID- 6360070
TI  - [Use of Ankum-2 fermenter in solving special problems of bacterial nutrition in
      vaccine production].

PMID- 6360071
TI  - [Immunogenicity and pathogenicity factors of Corynebacterium pyogenes. 1. Trials
      of immunity development against Corynebacterium pyogenes infections in the mouse
      model].

PMID- 6360072
TI  - [The value of computer tomography in the diagnosis of chest wall tumors].
AB  - Conventional roentgen diagnosis of chest wall tumors, especially with reference
      to the expansion in the soft tissue, is limited. The computed tomographic
      examinations in 35 patients with tumors of the chest wall and pleura demonstrate
      the great value of this method for localization and the judgement of tumor
      spreading. CT-controlled fine-needle biopsy can clarify the diagnosis. Computed
      tomography is important for decision and planning of surgical and radiation
      therapy.

PMID- 6360073
TI  - Hyperacute rejection of xenografts. I. Differences in affinity to ConA--Sepharose
      of IgG--fraction of the affluent and effluent blood.
AB  - The immunoglobulin fraction from affluent and effluent sera from the rabbit liver
      transplanted to a dog partially purified on ion exchange DEAE--Sephadox A-50 was
      chromatographed on ConA-Sepharose. The picture of SDS polyacrylamide slab gel
      electrophoresis (PAGE) showed in the xenograft serum a considerably higher
      intensity of bands corresponding to the mobility of heavy and light IgG chains.
      This suggested the presence of glycoproteins coupled to IgG.
      Immunoelectrophoresis proved occurrence in the transplant serum of at least six
      additional components precipitating with whole anti-dog serum. These components
      could be either glycoprotein antigens or complement components, free or bound to
      IgG subclasses.

PMID- 6360074
TI  - Hyperacute rejection of xenografts. II. Isolation of individual components of the
      graft effluent serum.
AB  - Separation of glycoprotein components from Con A-Sepharose in acid solution gave
      an electrophoretic picture of transplant serum containing a "double band" which
      was not found on any electrophoresis of fractions eluted from Con A-Sepharose at
      pH 7.4. This band corresponded with mobility to proteins of molecular weight
      higher than heavy IgG chains. We assume that at pH 3 the observed picture of the
      new protein may be a glycoprotein antigen dissociated from the immunological
      complex. Immunophoresis of the transplant serum fraction confirmed our assumption
      that at pH 3 there appeared a new component absent at pH 7.4. Our attempts at
      separating this component on Sephadex G-150 were unsuccessful.

PMID- 6360075
TI  - Impaired bactericidal activity of cord sera against Salmonella strains.
AB  - Weaker bactericidal activity of cord sera against Salmonella bacilli was shown in
      comparison with maternal venous sera. No correlation was found between the
      bactericidal activity and the levels of complement, immunoglobulins and lysozyme
      in cord sera. Worthy of notice is detected in these researches specificity of
      bactericidal action of cord sera.

PMID- 6360076
TI  - The influence of methylpropionic acid and pyridazinone-3 derivatives on some
      immunologic and hemopoietic functions.
AB  - There was studied the influence on the cell-mediated and humoral response in vivo
      manifested by selected methylpropionic acid and pyridazinone-3 derivatives which
      had been found to possess strong immunotropic effects in the in vitro screening
      previously. It was shown that the compounds were generally poorly tolerated by
      animals, and they exerted only weak suppressive effects on antibody production,
      the contact hypersensitivity and survival of skin grafts. This immunosuppressive
      activity was accompanied by a slight decrease in the number of spleen colony
      forming cells (CFU-s). Only limited correlation between the biological activity
      of the preparations and their chemical structure was found.

PMID- 6360078
TI  - Ashley A. Miles and the prevention of infection following surgery. Presidential
      address.

PMID- 6360077
TI  - Recipient race as a risk factor in renal transplantation.
AB  - We analyzed 118 renal transplants performed from November 1977 through October
      1981 to determine the effect of recipient race on graft and patient survival.
      Fifty-one cadaver and three living related transplants were performed in the
      black recipients and 41 cadaver and 23 living related transplants in the white
      recipients. No significant differences existed between the groups in regard to
      age, incidence of pretransplant nephrectomy or splenectomy, warm ischemia time,
      perfusion time, panel-reactive alloantibody (PRA) status, or number of
      pretransplant blood transfusions. The mean HLA-A and -B locus match was
      significantly less in black cadaver recipients and the incidence of malignant
      hypertension was significantly greater in black recipients. The one-year graft
      survival rate was 54.9% for black cadaver recipients and 48.7% for white cadaver
      recipients with a corresponding patient survival rate of 86.2% and 85.3%. The one
      year graft survival rate for living-related recipients was 100% for blacks and
      73.9% for whites with a corresponding patient survival rate of 100% and 86.9%.
      These results were not significantly different. When the recipients were matched
      for age, pretransplant transfusions, HLA-A and -B locus matching, and PRA status,
      no difference in transplant outcome was identified. We concluded that recipient
      race is not of prognostic significance in determining the outcome of either
      cadaver or living related donor transplantation.

PMID- 6360079
TI  - Effect of abdominal operations on survival after septic challenge in normal rats.
AB  - We evaluated the effect of 60% small-bowel enterectomy that removed 75% of
      Peyer's patches, and the effects of lesser abdominal operations, on the survival
      of rats following inducement of peritonitis. We divided 286 female Fischer rats
      weighing 140 to 200 g into four experimental and two control groups. Following
      enterectomy, rats recovered for ten to 14 days before peritonitis was induced by
      intraperitoneal injection of 0.7 mL/100 g of body weight of a solution of 4%
      hemoglobin and Escherichia coli (10(9)/mL). At 48 hours after enterectomy, the
      survival rate was better than that in rats not operated on or anesthetized.
      Survival rates for rats having lesser intra-abdominal operations were
      significantly greater after peritonitis than the rates for controls, but were
      similar to rates for rats having enterectomies. Our results suggest that intra
      abdominal operation of minimal or large magnitude is associated with improved
      survival from hemoglobin-E coli adjuvant peritonitis.

PMID- 6360080
TI  - Persistent baculovirus infections: Spodoptera frugiperda NPV and Autographa
      californica NPV in Spodoptera frugiperda cells.
AB  - Establishment of a persistent infection of Spodoptera frugiperda nuclear
      polyhedrosis virus (NPV) in Spodoptera frugiperda (S.f.) cells occurred in three
      phases: the first phase was characterised by high levels of cell infection and
      death, the second phase by decreasing cell infection levels leading to the final
      phase where less than one per cent of the cells were infected during any
      subculture. The virus persisted at this level of infection provided the cells
      were maintained by regular subculturing and incubated at the optimum growth
      temperature of 27 degrees C. Because of the low proportion of cells infected,
      cultures of virus-free cells could be selected ('cured') by dilution of the
      persistent infection without the use of viral antiserum. Unlike the parent S.f.
      cells, cultures of cured cells were partially resistant to infection with S.
      frugiperda NPV or infection with an unrelated baculovirus Autographa californica
      NPV. A. californica NPV, which is cytolytic for the parent S.f. cell line,
      established a persistent infection in the cured cells. The establishment pattern
      was similar to that previously found for S. frugiperda NPV and only one to five
      per cent of the cells were infected at equilibrium. Cured cells from the A.
      californica NPV persistent infection were highly resistant to infection with both
      S. frugiperda NPV and A. californica NPV. All attempts to find a viral
      interference phenomenon to explain the resistance of the cured cells were
      unsuccessful. All cell types adsorbed virus equally well. Slower growth of S.f.
      cells cured from the persistent A. californica NPV infection is the only
      difference so far observed between any of the S.f. cell types.

PMID- 6360081
TI  - [Age and sex characteristics of the mineralization of hand bones in man].

PMID- 6360082
TI  - [Retino-pulvinar pathway of the cat brain].
AB  - Peculiarities on axonal distribution and termination of the retinal ganglionar
      cells within the limits of the thalamic pulvinar nuclei have been studied in 10
      cats by means of the radioautography method combined with silver nitrate
      impregnation (Fink--Heimer technique). The ganglionar cells have projections on
      two pulvinar nuclei -- the lateral and the inferior. The medial pulvinar nucleus
      has no similar connections. The retinal projections in the pulvinar nuclear
      complex are bilateral and nearly symmetrical, the contralateral projections of
      the pathway somewhat predominate.

PMID- 6360083
TI  - [Growth of the caudate nucleus during postnatal ontogeny in the dog, rat and
      guinea pig].
AB  - The development of one of the largest nuclei in the basal ganglia -- the caudate
      nucleus -- in the dog, rat and guinea pig continues after birth. The growth
      processes of the neural cell bodies in the caudate nucleus coinside with the
      development of the animal's movement performed by itself and are most intensive
      up to the ontogenetic stage, when in all three species the brain mass is equal to
      60% of the brain mass in a mature animal. An indirect index demonstrating the
      dendritic network development -- the density of the neurons arrangement --
      becomes equal to the value specific for a mature animal much later in the
      postnatal ontogenesis even in a full-term born guinea pig. The postponed
      morphological maturation of the structure can be considered as an evidence of a
      certain connection of the structure in question not only with motor activity, but
      with inhibition, as well.

PMID- 6360084
TI  - [Axons of sympathetic neurocytes and their relation to lemmocytes during
      postnatal ontogeny in the rat].
AB  - The external carotid nerves have been studied electronmicroscopically in rats at
      the age of 1, 6, 13, 30 days and 5 months. The growth dynamic of diameter of the
      axons composing the nerve has been followed, as well as formation of glial
      membranes around them and quantitative changes of microtubules in the axons.
      During the first month of life, the average axonal diameter increases more than
      twice, the content of organells rises in them. Concentration of the microtubules
      is higher in thin axons (0.1--0.2 mcm), with increasing of their diameter it
      becomes lower. No correlation between concentration of the microtubules and age
      of the animal is noted. In newborn rats the glial membranes around the axons are
      nearly completely absent, by the end of the second week of life, most of the
      axons already have them. Sometimes, in one groove of the lemmocyte there can be
      seen several of them. By the first month of life, the axons are situated in
      individual grooves, this is specific for mature animals. In a 2-week-old rat one
      lemmocyte surrounds several dozens of axons, in a mature one--about 5--13.

PMID- 6360085
TI  - [Spiral arrangement of muscular elements in the walls of blood vessels and their
      role in hemodynamics].
AB  - The article claims that contractions of the cardiac left ventricle produce a
      whirling (turbulent) movement of blood that is maintained in the aorta. In the
      walls of large and small arteries, as well as in the arteriolar walls, myocytes
      have a spiral arrangement. Their contraction maintains the turbulent blood stream
      in the vessels with a small diameter, in spite of the fact that the Reinolds'
      number for them is rather small. The author considers that while making a
      mathematical analysis of the blood flowing in the arteries, it is necessary to
      take into account that the walls of the arterial vessels actively influence the
      blood stream.

PMID- 6360086
TI  - [Critique of methodologic errors in the theory of anthropogenesis].

PMID- 6360087
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the endothelial cells of blood capillaries of lymph nodes in
      the rat].
AB  - Ultrastructure of endothelium in the rat popliteal lymph nodes has been studied.
      The cross section area of the capillary arterial part is 29.9 +/- 1.0, that of
      the venous part -- 91.2 +/- 1.6, the luminal cross section of the arterial part
      is 4.90 +/- 0,23, that of the venous part -- 46.8 +/- 1.1 mcm2. Nucleous
      cytoplasmic ratio in the endotheliocytes of the arterial part is 1.50 +/- 0.06,
      that of the venous part -- 2.10 +/- 0.13. The number of microvesicles per 1 mcm
      of the profile length in the section of the basal surface in a plasmolemma is
      1.13 +/- 0.07 both in the arterial and venous parts of the capillary, that of the
      luminal surface -- 1.35 +/- 0.07 for the arterial part and 0.48 +/- 0.03 for the
      venous part. The number of free microvessels per 1 mcm2 of the cytoplasmic cross
      section area is also greater for the arterial part (9.6 +/- 0.8 vs. 7.3 +/- 0.4
      in the venous part). Numerical density of free ribosomes in endotheliocytes of
      the arterial part is 62 +/- 6, in the venous part -- 47 +/- 5 per 1 mcm2 of the
      cytoplasmic cross section. Numerical density of mitochondria in the venous part
      is 0.77 +/- 0.11 and in the arterial part -- 0.40 +/- 0.04 per 1 mcm3 of
      cytoplasm.

PMID- 6360089
TI  - [Chief factors in the system of women's physical dimensions].
AB  - The investigation has been performed in 670 young (18--20 years-old) Estonian
      women. They are healthy students from Tartu University having a normal menstrual
      cycle, or with some slight deviations in it. In every woman 56 body dimensions,
      including the external obstetric pelvic ones, are analysed. The measurement
      technique in general corresponds to the classical techniques suggested by V. V.
      Bunak (1941) and R. Martin (1928). The linear correlation matrix of the body
      dimensions statistically significant positive correlations have been revealed
      between all the signs studied, the body mass and length possessing, the highest
      correlations. When the influence of the body mass and length is eliminated, the
      usual correlative correlation system is destroyed. Instead of the previous
      system, where all the signs are statistically positively significantly connected,
      the only connections remain that include 46% of negative connections and 30% of
      statistically significant, but very weak connections (the critical value r
      0,088). The factor matrix is calculated on the base of the correlation matrix by
      means of the main components method. For its rotation the so called method of
      varimax is used. Three, five and seven factors are rotated (the parts of the
      initial signs in the total variance are 56, 65, 72%, respectively). The factor
      analysis also supports the main role of the body mass and length. When the number
      of the factors and described by them the part of the total variance increases,
      only some peculiar factors connected with subsystems are added. The factor
      analysis demonstrates that, besides the body mass and length, there are no other
      equally important body dimensions which could be used for description of the
      woman's body structure.

PMID- 6360088
TI  - [Forms and factors of the variability of paranasal sinuses].
AB  - The form, structural variations, sex variations (connected with zygosityz), right
      and left positions of the sinuses were studied according to the data obtained
      while measuring the contours of the frontal, sphenoid and maxillary sinuses in
      the cranial roentgenograms made in the frontal and sagittal projections. By means
      of the twin method, relationship of the hereditary and environmental influences
      on the sinus formation was estimated. The data obtained in 111 Ukrainians (30--60
      years of age), inhabitants of Vinnitsa region, mono- and dizygote twins of both
      sex were used. Greater dimensions in the male sinuses and a high variability of
      their size not connected with sex were stated. Among women the dizygote twin had
      larger dimensions than the monozygote ones. The sinus size is characterized by a
      predominant right-sided asymmetry. The hereditary effect is clearly seen in the
      sinus paranasales formation. A decreasing hereditary influence noted in the
      maxillary sinus is considered as a dependence of its dimensions on the state of
      the masticatory apparatus.

PMID- 6360090
TI  - [Structure of the walls of osseous lacunae during their formation].
AB  - The osseous lacunae formation in the sponge bone has been studied in the human
      lumbar vertebrae. Conditionally, this process can be divided into a number of
      stages. During the first-stage, recesses are formed on the surface of the
      trabeculae. During the second stage, clearly outlined lacunar edges are formed
      and mineralization of the fundal collagenous structures is completed. During the
      third stage, the lacunae are closed. A special attention is paid to changes in
      the structure and spatial architectonics of the fibrillar components of the
      ground osseous substance forming the lacunae.

PMID- 6360091
TI  - [Role of muscles stabilizing the human shoulder joint].
AB  - Clinical observations of the surgeon-traumatologist demonstrate the role of the
      muscles inserting to the greater and smaller tubercles of the humerus for
      fixating the shoulder joint.

PMID- 6360092
TI  - [Improved methodology for detecting flatfoot by the M. O. Fridland method].

PMID- 6360093
TI  - [Evaluation and comparison of means taking into account the variability of
      primary measurable objects and individual differences].

PMID- 6360094
TI  - [Studies of neuromuscular junctions using improved histochemical methods].

PMID- 6360095
TI  - [Pathologic anatomy at Tartu University].

PMID- 6360096
TI  - [Microcirculation and inflammation].
AB  - On the basis of the literature analysis and own observations the author concludes
      that the process of inflammation involves all the components of the
      microcirculatory bed and the endothelial lining: arterioles, blood
      precapillaries, capillaries, postcapillaries, venules, lymph capillaries, systems
      of the interstitial tissue channels as well as the connective tissue rich in
      hyaluronic acid and proteoglycans. The emergence of all cardinal signs of
      inflammation is associated with damage of different components of the
      microcirculatory bed. Intensive peroxidation of lipids ("oxidative stress") was
      observed in the focus of inflammation. Microcirculatory disorders in the
      inflammation focus are always synchronously accompanied by activation of blood
      plasma protein systems: coagulation, anticoagulation, kinin, complementary.

PMID- 6360097
TI  - [Zinc-deficient states in man].
AB  - Pathology seen in zink deficiency in man is presented. In the antenatal period
      this deficiency leads to the delivery of immature fetuses and development of
      congenital malformations. In the postnatal period, zink deficiency can be
      produced by endogenic, exogenic, and iatrogenic causes. Zink deficient states are
      characterized by various clinical signs.

PMID- 6360098
TI  - [Oral contraceptives and cardiovascular complications].

PMID- 6360099
TI  - [Treatment of arterial hypertension with a combination of hydrochlorothiazide and
      hydrochloride amiloride].

PMID- 6360100
TI  - [Evaluation of the antihypertensive efficacy of acebutolol, chlorthalidone and
      the combination of acebutolol and chlorthalidone in the treatment of mild and
      moderate primary arterial hypertension].

PMID- 6360101
TI  - [Captopril in the therapy of resistant hypertension. A multicenter study].

PMID- 6360102
TI  - Proper microsurgical nerve suture may impede Wallerian degeneration of completely
      transected nerves. An electron microscopic study.
AB  - Electron microscopic findings on the nerve of the biventer cervicis muscle of the
      chick, which was completely transected and immediately after submitted to an
      adequate microsurgical nerve suture, confirmed our previous statement that proper
      microsurgical nerve suture may impede the Wallerian degeneration that normally
      occurs in the distal segment of a completely transected nerve.

PMID- 6360103
TI  - Childhood acid maltase deficiency. A clinical, biochemical, and morphologic study
      of three patients.
AB  - Three children, including two siblings and a patient with sporadic glycogenosis
      type II (childhood form of acid maltase deficiency [AMD] ), were studied
      clinically, biochemically, and morphologically. In addition to a delay in
      developmental milestones and mild generalized muscle weakness, nasal vocalization
      and an electromyographic finding of abnormal insertion voltage, followed by
      pseudomyotonic discharge, were assumed to be characteristic diagnostic findings
      for the childhood form of AMD. Since the neutral maltase activity was highest in
      the muscle biopsy specimen from the patient with the least severe weakness, the
      enzyme may play a role in reducing muscle involvement. Selective type 2A fiber
      atrophy and type 2B fiber deficiency in the affected muscles were the common
      histochemical findings in this particular form of AMD.

PMID- 6360104
TI  - Application of inhibitor typing in a study of the transmission and retention in
      the human mouth of the bacterium Streptococcus salivarius.
AB  - Inhibitor production (P)-typing was used as a strain marker in epidemiological
      studies of Streptococcus salivarius. 43 per cent of 180 adult subjects had
      inhibitory Strep. salivarius strains as components of their oral microbiota.
      Strains of 13 different P-type patterns were detected and strains of different P
      types often co-existed in the same subject. Adults from whom inhibitor-producing
      Strep. salivarius strains had been isolated retained their characteristic
      bacteriocinogenic strains over a 3-yr period. A specific Strep. salivarius
      inhibitor screening method was used to study oral acquisition of Strep.
      salivarius by 14 newborn babies. Initially the babies were colonized by a wide
      variety of strains, many of which were not detected in the mothers' mouths. By
      the fifth day of life, strains with P-types identical with those in the mother
      had often become established as quantitatively prominent members of the babies'
      Strep. salivarius population.

PMID- 6360105
TI  - Immunochemical comparison of cell-wall antigens of various viridans streptococci,
      including strain 2A2+3 hot from recurrent oral aphthous ulceration in man.
AB  - Several studies suggest that patients with recurrent aphthous ulceration show
      cell-mediated and humoral immunity to antigens of Streptococcus sanguis,
      particularly strain 2A2+3 HOT which is said to be antigenically similar or
      identical to Strep. sanguis strain ATCC 10556. However, physiological
      classification as well as analysis of the immunologically dominant cell-wall
      antigens by immunoelectrophoresis and indirect immunofluorescence showed that the
      strain is actually a strain of Streptococcus mitis and is antigenically more like
      ATCC 10557 than ATCC 10556. The findings illustrate the antigenic heterogeneity
      of the Strep. sanguis and Strep. mitis taxons, and demonstrate the need for
      antigenic analysis of viridans streptococcal strains used in immunological
      studies of the aetiology of disease and in antiserum production. Commercial
      streptococcal group and antisera were also tested.

PMID- 6360106
TI  - Inactivation and stabilization of IgA protease from the human oral bacterium
      Streptococcus sanguis.
AB  - The oral bacterium, Streptococcus sanguis, secretes an extracellular protease
      which specifically cleaves immunoglobulin A (IgA). During in vitro growth of
      Strep. sanguis at 37 degrees C the IgA protease was completely inactivated within
      2 h. Lowering the growth temperature to 31 degrees C reduced the inactivation
      rate 50 per cent and a doubling of enzyme yield was obtained. The IgA protease
      could be stabilized by the presence of whole human saliva, by a low concentration
      of IgA, or by inhibition of non-specific protease activity. Therefore, the
      inactivation of IgA protease appeared to be the cumulative result of thermal
      denaturation and inactivation by non-specific proteases.

PMID- 6360107
TI  - 400th anniversary of Batisch's Der Augendienst.

PMID- 6360108
TI  - Iron deposition in the corneal graft. Another corneal iron line.
AB  - Linear iron deposits in the corneal epithelium are well-documented phenomena in a
      variety of circumstances, both normal and pathologic. A characteristic annular
      pigmented line, appearing clinically as an "iron" line, occurred in the donor
      epithelium of approximately 13% of corneal grafts with retained sutures. Eight
      cases of normally functioning grafts had iron lines located just central to the
      sutures. These lines appeared at various intervals postoperatively and did not
      correlate with age or race. They were frequently found in association with other
      surface-related epithelial and subepithelial phenomena and were believed to be
      related to peripheral corneal topography and the lid-cornea interface. Although
      they are clinically iron, their precise histochemistry, cause, source, and
      natural history are yet to be determined.

PMID- 6360109
TI  - Corneal iron lines after refractive keratoplasty.
AB  - Twenty-three of 55 patients who underwent refractive keratoplasty for the
      correction of aphakia were found to have a pigmented corneal epithelial line
      similar to the Fleischer ring. In 21 of 23 cases, the pigmented ring was adjacent
      to the superficial keratectomy scar that resulted from the keratorefractive
      operation. In two cases, the pigmented line was located central to the lamellar
      keratectomy scar. Histopathologic study demonstrated that the line was due to
      iron in the form of ferritin particles deposited within basal corneal epithelial
      cells. We believe that the steep anterior corneal curvature (average, 51.45
      diopters) and changes in corneal topography at or central to the margin of the
      lamellar keratoplasty may lead to malapposition of the eyelid to the cornea and
      cause disturbances in the precorneal tear film. Iron from the tears may then be
      deposited in the corneal epithelium in areas of tear pooling.

PMID- 6360110
TI  - Combination therapy for dendritic keratitis with acyclovir and alpha-interferon.
AB  - Fifty-nine patients with superficial herpetic keratitis were treated with 3%
      acyclovir ointment five times a day in combination with alpha-interferon (30
      million IU/mL) or albumin-placebo once a day in a stratified double-masked
      clinical trial. All patients had minimal wiping of the superficial lesion to
      isolate virus. The healing time of the corneal ulcers was substantially lower
      with the combination of acyclovir and interferon than with the combination of
      acyclovir and placebo. Only minor toxic effects were observed. The combination of
      acyclovir and interferon appears to be the best presently known treatment for
      dendritic keratitis.

PMID- 6360111
TI  - Corneal change accompanying orthokeratology. Plastic or elastic? Results of a
      randomized controlled clinical trial.
AB  - Effects of orthokeratology on refractive error, visual acuity, and corneal
      curvature were monitored on two randomized comparison groups for 364 days of lens
      wear and 95 days of follow-up after lens wear was discontinued. Approximately 36%
      of the treatment group compared with 13% of the control group had 1 diopter or
      more change in refractive error; however, after lens wear was discontinued, there
      was substantial remission and differences between the groups were small. Although
      there was a positive correlation between the amount of change during lens wear
      and the persistence of change after discontinuation, neither the magnitude of
      persistence nor differences between groups were clinically important. The lack of
      persistence indicates that the cornea is either highly elastic or has some other
      memory mechanism. We conclude that orthokeratology produces modest reductions in
      myopia; however, the effect will not persist without continued lens wear and
      therefore is of limited clinical value in permanently reducing myopia.

PMID- 6360112
TI  - Descemet's membrane in penetrating keratoplasties of the human eye.
AB  - The response of Descemet's membrane in penetrating keratoplasty wounds was
      studied by light microscopy in 23 human eyes. Although only parts of the grafted
      areas could be sectioned in each eye, 15 splittings, full-thickness flanges, or
      fragmentations of Descemet's membrane were found in ten specimens. Seven of these
      abnormalities resulted in incarceration of Descemet's membrane into the wound.
      Malapposition of the wound edges was a causative factor in two additional eyes.
      Six of these incarcerations produced a visible stromal wound defect. Exacting
      surgical apposition of the stromal edges of the graft and recipient cornea can
      therefore be expected to reduce, but not eliminate, these healing abnormalities.
      Great care must be taken in cutting the graft and removing the recipient tissue
      to avoid stripping the tough Descemet's membrane from the overlying softer stroma
      with dull instruments or overlapping cuts.

PMID- 6360113
TI  - Epididymal functions and their hormonal regulation.
AB  - The epididymis is a complex organ which maintains a specific intraluminal
      environment thought to be important for effecting sperm maturation in proximal
      regions and sperm storage in distal regions of the duct. The composition of the
      internal milieu is achieved both by transport between blood and lumen (and vice
      versa) and by synthesis and secretion into the lumen. Several low-molecular
      weight organic molecules achieve high concentration in the epididymal lumen, but
      their functions in the events of sperm maturation and storage still remain
      unclear. Metabolic processes occurring within epididymal tissue and the
      absorptive and secretory activity of the epididymal epithelium are regulated by
      androgens. The synthesis of some, but not all, secretory proteins is also
      androgen-dependent. In addition to androgens, other hormones and local testicular
      factors may influence epididymal function. There is now increasing evidence that
      epididymal-specific and androgen-dependent secretory proteins play a fundamental
      role in modifying the surface characteristics of sperm in preparation for the
      events of fertilization.

PMID- 6360114
TI  - Growth and gliotic response of astrocytes in vitro.
AB  - We investigated the development of astrocytes in mechanically dissociated primary
      cultures of foetal and neonatal rat brain grown in different culture media using
      immunofluorescence and antiserum to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). GFAP
      positive cells developed at a time corresponding to the 16th day of embryonic
      development and initially grew more slowly in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's Medium
      (DMEM) than in Medium 199 (M199) or Modified Eagle's Medium (MEM), but as the
      cultures matured a greater proportion of GFAP-positive cells was obtained in
      DMEM, resulting in relatively pure populations of GFAP-positive cells after 1-2
      months in vitro. GFAP-positive cells comprised process-bearing and fibroblastoid
      cell types and cells with intermediate morphology. Cultures in DMEM were also
      characterized by the appearance after 8-18 days in vitro of thick long bands of
      glial processes surrounding cyst-like spaces. The morphological change may
      represent a gliotic reaction to necrosis in vitro.

PMID- 6360115
TI  - An introduction to clinical decision analysis: bone marrow transplantation for
      aplastic anemia.
AB  - Clinical decision analysis is a systematic and rigorously logical approach to
      medical decision making under conditions of uncertainty. The structuring of a
      clinical problem in a decision analytic framework enables the clinician to focus
      on one aspect of a complex decision at a time without losing sight of the whole.
      The concepts of clinical decision analysis are explained and the technique is
      applied to compare bone marrow transplantation with supportive care for the
      treatment of a patient with severe aplastic anemia. The advantages and
      disadvantages of clinical decision analysis are discussed. The technique is
      intended to complement, but not replace, clinical judgement.

PMID- 6360117
TI  - Diabetic autonomic neuropathy in children: immediate heart-rate response to
      standing.
AB  - The immediate heart-rate response to standing was used to investigate possible
      autonomic neuropathy in a group of 38 insulin-dependent diabetic patients in the
      paediatric age group. The controls and most of the diabetics showed the
      characteristic response to standing of a rapid increase in heart-rate and a fall
      to the resting rate within 15 seconds. Some diabetics showed a flat response or a
      prolonged gradual increase of heart-rate on standing. The usual method of
      describing the change in heart rate that occurs in response to standing is to
      compare the R-R intervals at the 30th and 15th beats (30:15 ratio). This is
      considered less appropriate in children because of the wider variability in heart
      rate due to sinus arrhythmia. An alternative ratio, the "maximum R-R/minimum R-R
      ratio" is proposed. This ratio is calculated by dividing the length of the
      maximum R-R interval (which occurred after the minimum R-R interval during the 30
      second recording) by the length of the minimum R-R interval. Compared to 38 index
      selected age and sex matched controls, the diabetics showed a significantly lower
      mean "maximum R-R/minimum R-R ratio (P = 0.033). Six of the diabetics had results
      lower than the lowest control result. This test gives a prevalence rate of
      changes suggestive of diabetic autonomic neuropathy of approximately 15% in this
      age group.

PMID- 6360118
TI  - Torsade de pointes and asystole in a child with complete heart block and
      prolonged QT interval.
AB  - Three-year-old girl with eight month history of convulsive syncope due to
      complete heart block, prolonged QT interval and paroxysms of ventricular
      tachycardia is described. An episode of torsade de pointes tachycardia followed
      by asystole was documented. The symptoms and electrocardiographic abnormalities
      were controlled by pacemaker therapy. The subset of "congenital heart block"
      patients with prolonged QT interval is at high risk of sudden death and should be
      regarded as a previously unrecognized form of Romano-Ward syndrome.

PMID- 6360116
TI  - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD): an established treatment for
      endstage renal failure.
AB  - This paper is a study of 117 patients with endstage renal failure, treated by
      continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) over periods of 1-56 months. The
      study has shown CAPD to be an effective form of dialysis with a number of
      advantages over intermittent peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis (better control
      of salt and water status, hypertension and anemia, steady state biochemistry and
      greater ease of self-dialysis). Peritoneal clearance and ultrafiltration have
      remained adequate in all but a few patients. Hypoproteinemia, poor nutrition,
      obesity and abdominal herniae have been problems in a small percentage of
      patients. Hyperlipidemia has developed in half the patients but improved with
      diet. Peritonitis remains the major barrier to the more widespread use of CAPD,
      although its incidence can be considerably reduced by use of better connectors,
      bacterial filters and choice of patients.

PMID- 6360119
TI  - Aspiration pneumonia in a wild platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus.

PMID- 6360120
TI  - Evaluation of the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio as a measure of stress in chickens.
AB  - The number of lymphocytes in chicken blood samples decreased and the number of
      heterophils increased in response to stressors and to increasing levels of
      corticosterone in the chicken feed. The ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes was
      less variable than the number of heterophil or lymphocyte cells, and the range of
      values for this ratio was greater than the range of values for heterophils and
      lymphocytes among control and experimental groups. The heterophil/lymphocyte
      ratio appears to be a more reliable indicator of levels of corticosterone in the
      feed and to social stress than were the plasma corticosteroid levels.

PMID- 6360121
TI  - Non-pharmacological biological treatments of psychiatric patients.

PMID- 6360123
TI  - What's the thing to do when you're feeling depressed? A cross-cultural
      replication.

PMID- 6360122
TI  - Identification of cues and control of sexual arousal by rapists.

PMID- 6360124
TI  - What makes depressed people feel worse? A cross-cultural replication.

PMID- 6360125
TI  - The effects of vicarious experience on pain termination and work avoidance: a
      replication.

PMID- 6360126
TI  - Neuroticism and the recall of positive and negative personality information.

PMID- 6360127
TI  - Treatment of adolescent agoraphobics: effects on parent-adolescent relations.

PMID- 6360128
TI  - The effects of flooding on reducing snake fear in rhesus monkeys: 6-month follow
      up and further flooding.

PMID- 6360129
TI  - Contingency management in writing and the appearance of creative ideas:
      implications for the treatment of writing blocks.

PMID- 6360130
TI  - A comparative outcome study of behavioral social-skills training, interpersonal
      problem-solving and non-directive control treatments with child psychiatric
      outpatients.

PMID- 6360132
TI  - The modification of agoraphobic avoidance behaviour: some fresh possibilities.

PMID- 6360131
TI  - Self-reinforcement: appealing misnomer or effective mechanism?

PMID- 6360133
TI  - Complementary pairing of handicapped workers with compensatory skills: a strategy
      to increase independence.

PMID- 6360134
TI  - A preliminary report on the nature of interactions in a mental-handicap
      institution.

PMID- 6360135
TI  - Nucleotype and cell size in vertebrates: a review.
AB  - The relationships between genome size and various cell morphometric parameters
      have been assayed in 357 species of Vertebrates, in order to verify the existence
      and significance of the so-called "nucleotypic effect" in this subphylum. The
      results obtained clearly manifest a significant relationship between the increase
      in genome size and that in nuclear volume, nuclear surface, cell volume and cell
      surface. A precise correlation is also observed between the increase in DNA
      content and the decrease in the surface/volume ratios of the nucleus and the
      cell. Other parameters, such as the nucleoplasmic index and DNA concentration,
      though showing a slight increase with increasing genome size, have values rather
      homogeneous in each Vertebrate group. These results have allowed some interesting
      speculations on various problems; for example, the mechanisms through which
      genome size can influence the cell size; the influence of the DNA content and
      cell morphometric parameters on functional level of the cell and the organism;
      the importance of the nucleotypic effect in the adaptation to the environment of
      the various Vertebrate groups. From this study it seems possible to make the
      following conclusions: 1) in Vertebrates, genome size would exert a real
      nucleotypic influence on cell size; 2) genome sizes and cell morphometric
      parameters seem to be involved in the regulation of cell metabolism; 3) the
      regulation of some morphometric parameters depends strictly and automatically on
      the DNA amount or on other morphometric parameters. The regulation of others,
      instead, depends on the interaction of different factors, which do not always act
      synergically; 4) the nucleotypic effect seems to have different distribution and
      importance in Anamniotes and Amniotes.

PMID- 6360136
TI  - Cell subpopulations in the paracortical area of the normal human lymphnode
      defined by monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - The cell subpopulations of normal human lymphnode were studied by
      immunohistochemical and immunoelectronmicroscopy techniques carried out by using
      monoclonal antibodies. OKT3 positive cells were demonstrated overwhelming in
      comparison to both OKT4 positive cells and OKT8 positive cells; furthermore la
      positive cells, dendritic in shape, were observed. Our results, compared to
      literature data, confirm that paracortex of limphnode is a T-dependent area.
      Moreover a possible role of the la positive dendritic cells in the immunological
      education of T helper-inducer lymphocytes was hypotised. Finally, our
      immunoelectronmicroscopic findings prove that OKT4 positive cells and OKT8
      positive cells show different ultrastructural patterns.

PMID- 6360137
TI  - Impermeability of newt cerebral and pial capillaries to exogenous peroxidase. A
      light and electron microscope study.
AB  - The permeability of cerebral vessels to exogenous peroxidase was studied in the
      newt. The reaction product was found only inside the cerebral or pial blood
      vessels. Electron microscope investigations revealed the presence of reaction
      product along the luminal area of vessels and in some parts of the intercellular
      spaces at the level of tight junctions joining endothelial cells. On the basis of
      the ultrastructural peroxidase localization, the presence of a brain-blood
      barrier in Triturus is discussed.

PMID- 6360138
TI  - Haemopoietic tissue in Perinereis cultrifera Grube: cytological identification
      and observations after treatment with lead.
AB  - A perivascular tissue made up of two different types of cells (one with a
      slightly basophilic cytoplasm and many Fe+++ ions, the other with haemopigments)
      has been demonstrated in Perinereis cultrifera Grube by means of histochemical
      and cytochemical techniques. These two types of cells probably cooperate in the
      production of the respiratory pigment. Treatment with lead nitrate (0.02 ppm) for
      up to a maximum of five days caused a progressive cytological alteration with
      inhibition of haemoglobin synthesis.

PMID- 6360139
TI  - Cytochemical identification of the leukocytes of torpedoes (Torpedo marmorata
      Risso and Torpedo ocellata Rafinisque).
AB  - The authors subjected peripheral blood smears of Torpedoes to cytochemical
      analysis of lipids, protein, neutral and acid polysaccahrides and of some
      enzymatic activities, i.e. adenosine triphosphatase (ATP-ase), acid and alkaline
      phosphatase, aliesterase and peroxidase. It was found that neutrophilic
      granulocytes are intensely PAS and aliesterase positive and weakly ATP-ase
      positive. Eosinophilic granulocytes show the presence of neutral polysaccharides
      in the matrix (which is PAS positive) and strong ATP-ase and acid phosphatase
      activities in the granules. Lymphocytes sometimes contain weakly PAS and
      aliesterase positive granules. Monocytes show some small PAS positive granules
      and weak acid phosphatase and aliesterase activities. Thrombocytes contain some
      peripheral granules which are PAS positive and slightly ATP-ase positive. There
      are no transitional forms between the various cellular types. The results confirm
      the classification of leukocytes of Torpedoes into neutrophilic granulocytes,
      eosinophilic granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes and thrombocytes and contribute
      some informations about the histoenzymatic content of Elasmobranch leukocytes.

PMID- 6360141
TI  - [Pathobiochemistry of selected plasma proteins].

PMID- 6360140
TI  - Interactions between coronary occlusion and the renin-angiotensin system in the
      dog.
AB  - Studies were carried out in 39 barbiturate-anesthetized dogs to determine whether
      the renin-angiotensin system is important in control of hemodynamics and coronary
      flow during myocardial ischemia. Plasma renin activity (PRA) was 2.2 +/- 0.4 ng x
      ml-l x hr-1 immediately before coronary artery occlusion (CAO) and increased to
      3.8 +/- 0.5 (p less than .005) 15 minutes after CAO. In nephrectomized dogs, PRA
      was 0.76 +/- 0.14 ng x ml-l x hr-1 two hours after nephrectomy and remained
      unchanged after CAO. In contrast, hemodynamic changes following CAO were similar
      between nephrectomized and intact dogs: mean arterial pressure fell from 126 +/-
      4 pre CAO to 116 +/- 4 mm Hg post CAO (p less than 0.005) in nephrectomized dogs
      and from 130 +/- 11 to 120 +/- 11 mm Hg (p less than 0.005) in intact dogs. Left
      atrial pressure rose from 5.4 +/- 0.9 pre CAO to 7.7 +/- 0.9 mm Hg (p less than
      0.005) post CAO in nephrectomized from 5.4 +/- 0.9 pre CAO to 7.7 +/- 0.9 mm Hg
      (p less than 0.005) post CAO in nephrectomized dogs and 6.3 +/- 1.3 to 9.0 +/-
      1.8 mm Hg (p less than 0.005) in intact dogs. Heart rate remained unchanged in
      both groups. In sham-operated dogs without CAO, neither the angiotensin II
      blocker Saralasin nor the converting enzyme inhibitor Captopril had significant
      effects on systemic (SVR) and coronary (CVR) vascular resistances. In contrast,
      in dogs with CAO, these drugs reduced CVR from 1.28 +/- 0.13 mm Hg x ml-1 x min x
      100 g heart weight (resistance units = RU) to 0.85 +/- 0.08 RU (p less than 0.05)
      (Saralasin) 15 minutes after treatment and from 1.17 +/- 0.09 to 0.88 +/- 0.08 RU
      (p less than 0.025), (Captopril) respectively. However, only Captopril reduced
      SVR, from 10.7 +/- 1.13 to 8.2 +/- 0.8 RU (p less than 0.025). Both Captopril and
      Saralasin induced a significant increase in collateral blood flow. Nephrectomy,
      two hours prior to CAO, significant increase in collateral blood flow.
      Nephrectomy, two hours prior to CAO, significantly reduced the effect of
      Captopril on CVR and collateral blood flow while the effect on SVR persisted.
      Thus the reduction in CVR appears to be an effect of inhibition of the renin
      angiotensin system; this system participates in control of CVR during CAO and may
      limit coronary collateral blood flow.

PMID- 6360143
TI  - Nutrition and the elderly. An introductory overview.

PMID- 6360142
TI  - [What is safe in the drug therapy of infection?].

PMID- 6360144
TI  - Intestinal calcium absorption in postmenopausal osteoporosis.

PMID- 6360145
TI  - Iron balance and iron deficiency in the elderly.

PMID- 6360146
TI  - Iron pathology in the elderly.

PMID- 6360147
TI  - Drinking problems and habits of elderly people.

PMID- 6360148
TI  - Vitamin nutriture in the elderly.

PMID- 6360149
TI  - Adaptation.

PMID- 6360150
TI  - Body composition and energy expenditure in elderly people.

PMID- 6360151
TI  - Functional capacity as related to nutrition and body composition in old people.

PMID- 6360152
TI  - Requirements and appropriate intakes of electrolytes.

PMID- 6360153
TI  - Protein nutriture and requirement in elderly people.

PMID- 6360154
TI  - Calcium nutrition throughout the life cycle.

PMID- 6360155
TI  - Benzyl p-guanidinothiobenzoate hydrochloride, a new active-site titrant for
      trypsin and trypsin-like enzymes.
AB  - Benzyl p-guanidinothiobenzoate hydrochloride was synthesized and demonstrated to
      be useful for active-site titration of bovine trypsin, bovine thrombin, human
      lung tryptase, bovine activated protein C, human Factor XIIa fragment and bovine
      Factor Xa beta. The titration is based on rapid formation of a stable acyl-enzyme
      with a stoichiometric release of benzyl thiol. Thiol production is measured
      quantitatively by including 4,4'-dithiodipyridine in the reaction mixture and
      measuring the increase in absorbance at 324 nm. Ellman's reagent has also been
      successfully employed, allowing measurement at 410 nm. Unlike p-nitrophenyl p'
      guanidinobenzoate, the thioester titrant reacts slowly with chymotrypsin A alpha
      thus eliminating interference by this enzyme in most titrations. Advantages of
      this reagent as a titrant include: flexibility in detection of the released
      thiol, selectivity between trypsin and chymotrypsin-like enzymes, minimal pH
      dependence of the epsilon of the absorbing species, relative stability of the
      reagent under titration conditions, and high epsilon at pH 7.2 with either 4,4'
      dithiodipyridine or Ellman's reagent. The reagent should prove useful as an
      alternative to p-nitrophenyl p'-guanidinobenzoate hydrochloride for the
      determination of active-site concentrations of the enzymes employed, as well as
      of other related enzymes.

PMID- 6360157
TI  - The effect of membrane composition and alcohols on the insulin-sensitive
      reconstituted monosaccharide-transport system of rat adipocyte plasma membranes.
AB  - The monosaccharide transporter from the plasma membranes of rat adipocytes and
      insulin-stimulated adipocytes has been reconstituted in sonicated liposomes. The
      stereospecific D-glucose uptake by liposomes made from a range of phospholipids
      and incorporating fatty acids has been investigated. D-Glucose uptake is
      correlated with an increase in lipid fluidity as a consequence of the addition of
      fluidizing fatty acids, changes in phospholipid acyl chain length and
      temperature. Benzyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol, which are generally considered to
      increase bilayer fluidity, decrease stereo-specific D-glucose uptake in both
      whole adipocytes and reconstituted liposomes. It is suggested that, although
      these alcohols may affect D-glucose transport by lipid-mediated fluidity changes,
      they also interact directly with the transporter resulting in inhibition of
      transport.

PMID- 6360156
TI  - Mutations that influence the secretory path in animal cells.

PMID- 6360158
TI  - Identification of cell surface dipeptidylpeptidase IV in human fibroblasts.
AB  - An antigen with dipeptidylpeptidase IV activity was identified at the surface of
      normal human fibroblasts. Hydrophobic interaction electrophoresis in phenyl
      Sepharose revealed that the enzyme contained a hydrophobic domain, while
      lactoperoxidase-catalysed iodination with 125I of living cells indicated that the
      protein was located at the cell surface. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis with
      specific antibodies of acid-extracted or papain-treated cells showed a shift of
      the dipeptidylpeptidase IV peak to a faster mobility. The molecular properties of
      the fibroblast enzyme were clearly different from those described for
      dipeptidylpeptidase IV from other tissues and species. Fibroblast
      dipeptidylpeptidase IV contained two different disulphide-linked subunits, of
      apparent Mr values 125000 and 135000 (denatured and reduced). In gel filtration,
      an Mr of about 400000 was observed for the unreduced molecule. The enzymic
      properties of fibroblast dipeptidylpeptidase IV were very similar to those of the
      well-characterized pig kidney enzyme. Activity towards glycyl-L-prolyl-beta
      naphthylamide was inhibited 50% by 0.023 mM-di-isopropylphosphorofluoridate. L
      Alanyl-L-alanyl-beta-naphthylamide was hydrolysed ten times more slowly than
      glycyl-L-prolyl-beta-naphthylamide.

PMID- 6360160
TI  - Studies on human gastric mucosal zymogen granules and their zymogens.
AB  - Intact human gastric mucosal zymogen granules (ZG) were detected in specimens
      from surgical resections of one patient with gastric adenocarcinoma and two with
      benign gastric ulcer. Both large ZG with unilaminar membranes and smaller ZG with
      trilaminar membranes were identified by electron microscopy. The zymogens in the
      ZG and in mucosal extracts were separated by gel electrophoresis. Slow-moving
      Protease (SMP) was seen in the whole mucosal extracts but was absent from ZG. One
      specimen of pyloric mucosa showed a striking absence of ZG. Despite the absence
      of ZG, pyloric mucosa showed Pepsinogens 2-5 (constituents of PG I) as well as
      Pepsinogens 6 and 7 (constituents of PG II) and SMP.

PMID- 6360161
TI  - Assay of glyoxalase I in blood.
AB  - Glyoxalase I (S-lactoyl-glutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing), EC
      4.4.1.5) was assayed using alcoholic, acidic 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to follow
      the disappearance of methylglyoxal over time, with the absorbance of formed
      methylglyoxal bis-hydrazone measured at 432 nm. Erythrocyte glyoxalase I
      activities were found to be 64, 41, and 18 mumole of S-lactoyl glutathione formed
      min-1 X ml-1 of red blood cells in rat, human, and rabbit blood and 174 mumole X
      min-1 X mg-1 of protein for yeast. The Km values found in millimolar
      hemimercaptal were about 0.5. Glyoxalase I activity can be determined in crude
      tissue preparations without interference from biological materials.

PMID- 6360159
TI  - The aggregation of isolated human platelets in the presence of lipoproteins and
      prostacyclin.
AB  - Addition of prostacyclin (PGI2) temporarily inhibits platelet aggregation and
      permits the isolation of platelets free from plasma proteins, which have the same
      sensitivity as those in plasma [Moncada, Radomski & Vargas (1982) Br. J.
      Pharmacol. 75, 165P]. By using a modification of this technique we have
      established that platelets isolated from normal subjects aggregate more readily
      in response to ADP and adrenaline when physiological concentrations of low
      density lipoproteins (LDL) are present. At high LDL concentrations spontaneous
      aggregation occurs. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) and very-low-density
      lipoproteins (VLDL) had no effect on agonist-induced platelet aggregation at
      normal concentrations, but HDL sensitized at higher concentrations. These effects
      by lipoproteins are not accompanied by changes in platelet lipid content.
      Cyclohexanedione treatment of LDL to modify apolipoproteins appeared to abolish
      the sensitization effect, indicating that binding to receptors was essential for
      the effects of LDL. LDL, but not HDL, overcame the inhibitory effect of PGI2 on
      platelet aggregation, except at very high concentrations of PGI2. PGI2 raised the
      cyclic AMP content of isolated platelets, but LDL only partially prevented this
      rise. These results suggest that LDL may have a greater role in platelet
      aggregation than previously recognized and may also regulate effects of PGI2.
      These findings may be of relevance to an understanding of cardiovascular
      diseases.

PMID- 6360163
TI  - Proteolytic activities in plasma membrane preparations from rat liver. 1.
      Preparation of rat liver plasma membranes and solubilization of membrane bound
      proteases.
AB  - Plasma membranes (PM) were prepared by discontinuous density gradient
      centrifugation of crude nuclear fractions from 6 rat livers. These "nuclear" PM
      (PM-n) were 15-fold enriched in plasma membrane marker enzymes and contained an
      endopeptidase activity degrading azocasein at pH 7. To get larger amounts of
      plasma membranes, microsomal fractions obtained in large scale subcellular
      fractionations were subjected to continuous gradient zonal centrifugation. These
      "microsomal" PM (PM-m) were 22-fold enriched in 5'-nucleotidase, however, the
      separation of PM from endocellular membranes was not complete. PM-m showed
      endopeptidase activity degrading azocasein at pH 5.4 faster than at pH 7.5 and
      exopeptidases degrading Ala-Pro-pNA and Ala-pNA at pH 7.6. The latter two
      activities were distributed over the gradient similar to PM marker enzymes and
      can be solubilized by detergent and proteinase treatment. Therefore, dipeptidyl
      aminopeptidase IV and Ala-aminopeptidase are intrinsic plasma membrane enzymes
      and can be used as additional markers for rat liver plasma membranes. The
      efficiency and selectivity to solubilize plasma membrane bound endopeptidase, DPP
      IV and aminopeptidase activities are compared.

PMID- 6360164
TI  - Proteolytic activities in plasma membrane preparations from rat liver. 2. Partial
      purification and characterization of membrane bound endopeptidases, dipeptidyl
      aminopeptidase IV and aminopeptidase.
AB  - Plasma membranes (PM) were prepared from nuclear and microsomal fractions of rat
      liver as described in the preceding paper. Four different proteolytic activities
      were studied and found to be solubilized from PM fractions after detergent
      treatment: endopeptidase activity at neutral and acid pH, dipeptidyl
      aminopeptidase IV, and (alanine-)aminopeptidase. Both PM preparations contain a
      serine-endopeptidase with optimal activity against azocasein at pH 7.6. After
      solubilization of PM derived from microsomal fractions (PM-m) and gel filtration
      this activity shows an apparent molecular mass of 220 +/- 20 kD. This membrane
      proteinase is different from other known serine proteinases of liver cells
      because of its large molecular mass and an activating effect of 1,10
      phenanthroline. PM derived from microsomal fractions contain additional
      endopeptidase with a pH optimum of 5.2 that could be inhibited by 4
      chloromercuribenzoate, leupeptin and Z-Phe-Ala-diazomethylketone. Using detergent
      solubilization and gel filtration this acid endopeptidase activity in PM-m can be
      resolved into three peaks with apparent molecular masses (detergent forms) of 180
      +/- 10, 80 +/- 10 and 35 +/- 10 kD, the latter may be cathepsin L. In addition to
      the endopeptidases, PM-m were shown to contain also aminopeptidases degrading Ala
      Pro-pNA and Ala-pNA. The former activity, dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase IV (DPP IV),
      has features similar to DPP IV from other microvillus membranes (inhibition by
      DIFP and PMSF, pH optimum at 7.7). The Ala-pNA degrading aminopeptidase is
      inhibited by chelating agents and some bivalent heavy metal ions, but is
      activated by Co++-ions. Both enzymes apparently were eluted as monomers
      (molecular mass 180-190 kD) after gel filtration in detergent containing buffers.

PMID- 6360162
TI  - Characterization of succinate dehydrogenase and alpha-glycerophosphate
      dehydrogenase in pancreatic islets.
AB  - Succinate dehydrogenase activities in homogenates of rat and ob/ob mouse
      pancreatic islets were only 13% of the activities in homogenates of liver and
      were also several times lower than in homogenates of pancreatic acinar tissue.
      This indicates that the content of mitochondria in pancreatic islet cells is very
      low. The very low activity of succinate dehydrogenase is in agreement with the
      low mitochondrial volume in the cytoplasmic ground substance of pancreatic islet
      cells as observed in morphometric studies. This may represent the poor equipment
      of pancreatic islet cells with electron transport chains and thus provide a
      regulatory role for the generation of reducing equivalents and chemical energy
      for the regulation of insulin secretion. The activities of succinate
      dehydrogenase in tissue homogenates of pancreatic islets, pancreatic acinar
      tissue, and liver were significantly inhibited by malonate and diazoxide but not
      by glucose, mannoheptulose, streptozotocin, or verapamil. Tolbutamide inhibited
      only pancreatic islet succinate dehydrogenase significantly, providing evidence
      for a different behavior of pancreatic islet cell mitochondria. Therefore
      diazoxide and tolbutamide may affect pancreatic islet function through their
      effects on succinate dehydrogenase activity. The activities of alpha
      glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in homogenates of pancreatic islets and liver from
      rats and ob/ob mice were in the same range, while activities in homogenates of
      pancreatic acinar tissue were lower. None of the test agents affected alpha
      glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity. Thus the results provide no support for
      the recent contention that alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity may be
      critical for the regulation of insulin secretion.

PMID- 6360165
TI  - [Comparative estimation of monocompartmental methods of analyzing 99m-Tc
      diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid clearance by declining plasma levels with
      special reference to long term studies].
AB  - Plasma slope clearance estimation with 99m-Tc-DTPA corresponds to total clearance
      determination. When activity is measured directly in cumulative serum samples,
      determination of the plasma slope clearance is suitable for practical
      applications only if simplified analytic procedures are used. Monocompartmental
      analytic procedure that take the late slope of the disappearance curve into
      account are particularly useful for GFR estimation. The A3k3-slope-clearance
      analysis method is a monocompartmental procedure for determining slope clearance
      that is based on activity measurements between the 100th (120th) and 240th minute
      after injection. Compared with other monocompartmental procedures, the A3k3
      clearance method shows a highly significant hyperbolic correlation with serum
      creatinine, a highly significant linear correlation with inulin total clearance,
      is age dependent and yields reproducible results. The sensitivity (frequency of
      correct function results in the case of disturbed glomerular function) of the
      A3k3-slope-clearance method with 99m-Tc-DTPA is particularly good. The
      practically important predictability of pathological A3k3-clearance results
      (frequency of correct results when the kidney function is truly reduced) is on
      the average 85%. The mean efficiency of the method is 88% (65-97% at the 95%
      confidence-level).

PMID- 6360166
TI  - [Demonstration of circulating immune complexes using a C1q-solid phase enzyme
      immunoassay].
AB  - An enzyme-immunoassay for the quantitative determination of circulating immune
      complexes in human serum is described. The technique uses alkaline phosphatase
      conjugated anti-human IgG to detect immune complexes bound to solid phase C1q.
      This assay is sensitive detecting 4 ng/ml to 60 micrograms/ml aggregated IgG.
      First data from normal individuals and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
      show that this method is specific and sensitive for detection of circulating
      immune complexes.

PMID- 6360167
TI  - Peptide hydrolase activities in seedlings and hormone-treated cotyledons of
      pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo).
AB  - Enzymes hydrolyzing Gly-Ala-, Met-Met- and Pro-4-phenylazo-phenylamides, and N
      benzoyl-L-arginine-4-nitroanilide have been identified in germinating seeds and
      cotyledons of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo). The enzyme activities per cotyledon
      increase markedly during the germination process, but the proportion of
      enhancement depends on the type of enzyme species. The increase in enzyme
      activities is due to de novo synthesis as shown by cycloheximide treatment and is
      influenced by phytohormones (cytokinins and abscissic acid). In isolated
      cotyledons exogenous cytokinin (benzyladenine) obviously can replace the effect
      of the embryo as the source of endogenous hormone. Abscissic acid counteracts the
      cytokinin effect. It is suggested that aminopeptidases have a biological function
      in reserve protein degradation of the cotyledons during seed germination. Our
      results do not support the assumption that the embryonic axis of the growing
      seedling serves as a "sink" of proteolytic products resulting in an activation of
      peptide hydrolases in the cotyledons, but rather de novo synthesis of these
      enzymes seems to be controlled by substances (phytohormones) originating from the
      embryo.

PMID- 6360168
TI  - Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of the insulin receptor precursor.
AB  - The alpha and beta subunits of the insulin receptor, Mr = 135K and 95K, appear to
      be synthesized via a single polypeptide precursor of Mr = 190K. We have
      investigated whether insulin stimulates the phosphorylation of this proreceptor,
      as is the case with mature receptor. Rat liver endoplasmic reticulum membranes
      were solubilized in Triton X-100 and chromatographed sequentially on wheat-germ
      agglutinin-agarose and lentil lectin-agarose columns. Phosphorylation of the
      lentil eluate with [gamma 32P]ATP revealed an insulin-stimulated phosphoprotein
      of Mr = 192K, which was recognized by antireceptor antibody, compatible with the
      receptor precursor. This suggests that further processing of the Mr = 190K
      insulin receptor precursor is not necessary for insulin binding, kinase
      activation, and receptor phosphorylation.

PMID- 6360169
TI  - Differences in domain structure between pericellular matrix and plasma
      fibronectins as revealed by domain-specific antibodies combined with limited
      proteolysis and S-cyanylation: a preliminary note.
AB  - Differences in domain structure between human fibronectins obtained from
      pericellular matrix and plasma have been revealed by limited proteolysis and S
      cyanylation, followed by identification of each domain with domain-specific
      antibodies. Although the overall domain structure is similar between pericellular
      and plasma fibronectins, the fragments derived from the COOH-terminal region of
      these fibronectins, which were defined by specific antibodies, exhibited clear
      differences in their molecular weights and protease susceptibility, suggesting
      that the structure near the COOH-terminal region is significantly different
      between these two proteins.

PMID- 6360171
TI  - The possible involvement of prostaglandin F2 alpha in the stimulation of muscle
      protein synthesis by insulin.
AB  - The addition of insulin (8 ng/ml) in vitro to muscles from fasted rabbits
      increased protein synthesis (+80%) to a value similar to that found in muscles
      from fed donors. The addition of either indomethacin or meclofenamate completely
      blocked this effect of insulin. Muscles from fasted rabbits released less
      prostaglandin (PG)F2 alpha into the medium and the presence of insulin increased
      and indomethacin and meclofenamate reduced PGF2 alpha release. Other conditions
      (work load and leucocyte pyrogen) which increase protein synthesis in muscle also
      stimulate PGF2 alpha release. As both arachidonic acid and PGF2 alpha in
      themselves increase protein synthesis we suggest that accelerated
      phospholipolysis and PG synthesis have a general role in the control of muscle
      protein turnover.

PMID- 6360170
TI  - Sequence homology between prokaryotic and eukaryotic forms of serine
      hydroxymethyltransferase.
AB  - The sequence of tryptic and chymotryptic peptides from cytosolic and
      mitochondrial rabbit liver serine hydroxymethyltransferase are compared to the
      proposed sequence of a protein coded for by the glyA gene of Escherichia coli.
      The E. coli glyA gene is believed to code for serine hydroxymethyltransferase.
      Extensive sequence homology between these peptides were found for the proposed E.
      coli enzyme in the aminoterminal two-thirds of the molecule. All three proteins
      have identical sequences from residue 222-231. This sequence is known to contain
      the lysyl residue which forms a Schiff's base with pyridoxal-P in the two rabbit
      liver enzymes. These results support the interpretation that the proposed
      sequence of E. coli serine hydroxymethyltransferase is correct. The data also
      show that cytosolic and mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase are
      homologous proteins.

PMID- 6360172
TI  - Identification of bacteriophage T4D gene 29 product, a baseplate hub component,
      as a folylpolyglutamate synthetase.
AB  - An assay for folylpolyglutamate synthetase activity in extracts of uninfected and
      bacteriophage T4D-infected Escherichia coli B has been developed. T4D infection
      induced the formation of a new synthetase raising the total synthetase activity
      three-fold. Extracts obtained after infection with T4 gene 51, 27 or 28 amber
      mutants showed increased synthetase activities while extracts obtained from cells
      infected with a T4D gene 29 amber mutant did not show any increase in synthetase
      activity. The phage-induced synthetase was found to copurify with the gene 29
      product and a 100-fold purified synthetase of molecular size of 74,000 daltons
      has been obtained. The purified synthetase has a folate substrate specificity
      different from the host synthetase since it added glutamate residues to
      dihydrofolate as well as to the usual tetrahydrofolate substrate.

PMID- 6360173
TI  - Yeast pheromone alpha-factor is synthesized as a high molecular weight precursor.
AB  - The sex pheromone alpha-factor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a tridecapeptide of
      approx. 1,700 molecular weight, was found to be synthesized in vivo as a high
      molecular weight precursor of Mr = 28,000. Inhibition of N-linked glycosylation
      by tunicamycin leads to three precursor species of lower molecular weight
      indicating three carbohydrate residues linked to the alpha-factor precursor
      molecule. A molecular weight of 18,000 was determined for the unglycosylated
      molecule.

PMID- 6360174
TI  - Essentiality of insulin and prolactin for accumulation of rat casein mRNAs.
AB  - Fetal calf serum (20%) does not substitute for insulin in terms of enhanced
      accumulation of rat casein mRNAs, but it can sustain the mammary tissue in
      culture. This property of fetal calf serum was utilized to show that in the
      presence of cortisol and 1) insulin or 2) prolactin, the delayed addition of
      prolactin or insulin, respectively, produced similar enhancement of 25 K and 42 K
      casein mRNAs. The results indicate that both insulin and prolactin are required
      for accumulation of rat casein mRNAs, the accumulation is independent of the
      sequence of addition of these hormones, and that the response cannot be ascribed
      entirely to the hormone added last.

PMID- 6360175
TI  - Sites of action of Ca2+ channel inhibitors.
AB  - Ca2+ channel inhibitors are viewed as a subgroup of Ca2+ antagonists. Most of the
      currently used Ca2+ channel inhibitors are thought to act by reducing Ca2+ entry
      into the cell through Ca2+ channels. There is substantial electrophysiological
      evidence that the major site of action of verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem in
      cardiac cells is a sarcolemmal Ca2+ channel. Cytosolic sites of action may
      contribute to their effects but probably only at higher than therapeutic
      concentrations. The recent ligand binding studies also tend to support the view
      that the sarcolemma is the site of action of Ca2+ channel inhibitors in smooth
      muscle. High affinity binding sites for 1,4-dihydropyridines without any
      established function are found in fast skeletal muscle and some neuronal
      membranes. The binding of [3H]nitrendipine to membranes from cardiac, skeletal
      and smooth muscle, and from brain is saturable, reversible and of high affinity;
      it is sensitive to cations and other drugs that interact with Ca2+ channels.
      Inhibition of [3H]nitrendipine binding and blockade of K+ responses in guinea pig
      ileum by 1,4-dihydropyridines are well correlated, supporting the view that the
      observed binding is to Ca2+ channel. In contrast, blockade of Ca2+ channels in
      cardiac and skeletal muscle and in brain synaptosomes occurs only at higher
      concentrations than needed to saturate the high affinity binding sites. The
      therapeutic success of Ca2+ channel inhibitors in the treatment of angina
      pectoris, hypertension, peripheral vascular diseases, and many other disease
      entities is based on selective inhibition of Ca2+ entry into smooth muscle cells.
      The specificity of some of these drugs for Ca2+ channels in different cell types,
      organs, or vascular beds is probably determined by receptor modulation and the
      effect of reflex mechanisms, which in turn determine the indications for their
      therapeutic use.

PMID- 6360176
TI  - In vivo hydroxylation of 3H-acetanilide--evaluation of a new radiospirometric
      method in the rat.
AB  - The proposed in vivo methodology for the investigation of hydroxylation rates
      consists of of the i.v. administration of tritiated substrates and the collection
      of tritiated water (HTO) from exhaled air as a measure of HTO accumulation in
      body water. Specifically, HTO was assessed in exhaled water after i.v.
      administration of 3H-acetanilide. Over a wide range the half lives of
      accumulation of HTO in exhaled water (T50) were almost identical with the half
      lives of elimination of 3H-acetanilide in blood, evaluated by an inverse isotope
      dilution method (r = 0.96, N = 18). Average T50 amounted to 29 min in controls,
      was reduced to 20 min after enzyme induction by phenobarbital or 3
      methylcholanthrene, and prolonged to 45, 46 and 66 min after bile duct ligation,
      portacaval shunt and a single dose of ethanol, respectively. It is concluded that
      the chosen pharmacokinetic approach corrects for the NIH-shift and the results
      adequately reflect changes in acetanilide hydroxylation related to enzyme
      induction or inhibition and to liver pathology.

PMID- 6360177
TI  - Drug protein conjugates--VI. Role of glutathione in the metabolism of captopril
      and captopril plasma protein conjugates.
AB  - Previous metabolic studies of captopril suggest that the rapid dissociation of
      captopril-plasma protein conjugates in vivo is dependent upon endogenous thiols
      such as glutathione and cysteine. Consistent with this hypothesis, we have found
      that cysteine (0.06-3 mM) and glutathione (0.02-1 mM) cleave 14C-captopril-plasma
      protein conjugates in vitro. Dissociation of the drug-protein conjugate was
      accompanied by formation of the corresponding mixed disulphide which indicates
      that the reaction proceeds via a spontaneous thiol-disulphide interchange.
      Administration of high doses (50-300 mg/kg) of CP produced a time-dependent and
      dose-dependent decrease in hepatic glutathione concentrations in the mouse and
      the rat. The depletion of glutathione observed was similar to that produced by
      equimolar doses of D-penicillamine and paracetamol. Acute and chronic (7 days)
      administration of captopril (100 mg/kg) produces the same (11-12%) depletion of
      hepatic glutathione. However, changes in liver function as determined by
      elevation of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase was only observed at doses of
      200 and 300 mg/kg. Thus, although thiol-disulphide interactions between captopril
      and plasma proteins may contribute to the perturbation of hepatic glutathione
      concentrations, it is unlikely that this process will be of toxicological
      significance during therapeutic administration of captopril.

PMID- 6360178
TI  - Effect of lymphoplasmapheresis on clinical indices and T cell subsets in
      rheumatoid arthritis. A double-blind controlled study.
AB  - The effects of lymphoplasmapheresis on immunologic indices, including T cell
      subsets, and on clinical parameters of rheumatoid arthritis were evaluated in a
      controlled double-blind trial. Twenty patients were randomized to receive either
      6 lymphoplasmapheresis sessions or a seemingly identical control procedure over a
      3-week period. Lymphoplasmapheresis produced significant reduction in serum
      levels of total lymphocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein,
      and IgG. These serologic measures returned to baseline 5 weeks after
      lymphoplasmapheresis. No change in the imbalance of T cell subsets (increased
      helper/suppressor ratio) was observed. No changes in the serologic measures,
      except IgA, were observed in the control group. An improvement in some of the
      clinical parameters was observed in both the lymphoplasmapheresis and control
      groups. A rebound above baseline values for several parameters was observed in
      both the lymphoplasmapheresis and the sham apheresis groups.

PMID- 6360179
TI  - Interaction of polymorphonuclear leukocytes with immune complexes trapped in
      rheumatoid articular cartilage.
AB  - When rheumatoid articular cartilage samples were incubated with normal
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in vitro, large numbers of PMN were seen
      attached to the articular surface. As observed by electron microscopy,
      significant numbers of these cells invaded the cartilage tissue and phagocytosed
      amorphous material which presumably contained immune complexes. In control
      cartilage from osteoarthritic, pyogenic, and normal subjects, only a few PMN were
      attached to the articular surface after incubation with PMN. These results
      demonstrate that immune complexes trapped in the superficial region of the
      rheumatoid articular cartilage may play an important role in the destruction of
      cartilage by the release of lysosomal enzymes from PMN.

PMID- 6360180
TI  - The pathogenesis of group A streptococcal cell wall-induced polyarthritis in the
      rat. Comparative studies in arthritis resistant and susceptible inbred rat
      strains.
AB  - This report addresses the host mechanisms which regulate susceptibility and
      resistance to group A streptococcal cell wall-induced polyarthritis in the rat.
      We have compared cell wall tissue distribution and persistence following a single
      intraperitoneal injection of an aqueous suspension of the cell walls into
      arthritis susceptible LEW/N and resistant F344/N female rats. Selected aspects of
      the induced inflammatory reaction were also compared. Our results suggest that
      development of chronic erosive polyarthritis in this model is dependent, in
      variable degrees, upon 1) deposition and persistence of the cell walls in
      synovial tissues, and 2) a relative inability of arthritis susceptible rats to
      neutralize the proinflammatory properties of the cell walls.

PMID- 6360181
TI  - Sulfonyliminoimidazolidines, a new class of oral hypoglycemic agents. 3.
      Hypoglycemic activity and mode of action of 1-[p-[2-(crotonylamino)-ethyl]
      phenylsulfonyl]-3-cyclohexyl-2-imino- imidazolidine (CGP 11 112).
AB  - 1-[p-[2-(Crotonylamino)-ethyl]-phenylsulfonyl]-3-cyclohexyl-2-imino-
      imidazolidine (CGP 11 112) is a representative of a new class of oral
      hypoglycemic agents. It lowers blood glucose in normal animals and in
      streptozocin (streptozotocin)-diabetic rats. In normal mice, rats and dogs the
      hypoglycemic effect is more potent (range 3-30 times) and has a shorter duration
      than that of tolbutamide. CGP 11 112 increases plasma insulin after oral
      administration in normal animals and stimulates release of insulin in perifused
      rat islets in vitro (sulfonylurea-like effect). In streptozocin-diabetic rats CGP
      11 112 decreases blood glucose with a potency comparable to that of phenformin.
      In contrast to phenformin, CGP 11 112 does not increase blood lactate in diabetic
      rats or inhibit intestinal absorption of glucose. An effect of CGP 11 112 on
      gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis could not be demonstrated. It is suggested
      that the hypoglycemic activity in streptozocin-diabetic rats may be due to
      stimulation of glucose efflux from the circulation. In vitro, CGP 11 112 inhibits
      glucose oxidation and lipolysis in isolated rat fat cells.

PMID- 6360183
TI  - Ethical Practice Board statement of practices and procedures (effective September
      1982).

PMID- 6360182
TI  - William W. Green.

PMID- 6360184
TI  - A consultation model for speech and language intervention.

PMID- 6360185
TI  - Renal rehabilitation: a state of the art review.

PMID- 6360186
TI  - The use of rehabilitation services by patients with chronic renal failure:
      results from the National Kidney Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation Study.

PMID- 6360187
TI  - Occupational therapy in the rehabilitation of nephrology patients.

PMID- 6360188
TI  - [Biomedical research at the Hospital Infantil de Mexico].

PMID- 6360189
TI  - Influence of external and covert food stimuli on insulin secretion in obese and
      normal persons.
AB  - Exposure to food produces an increase in insulin secretion that is more
      pronounced in obese than in normal persons. We sought to replicate this finding
      as well as to determine whether insulin secretion could be influenced by thoughts
      about food and eating. Normal and obese subjects were presented in
      counterbalanced order with an external food stimulus or instructions to think
      about food and eating. Levels of insulin, salivary output, and hunger ratings
      were obtained prior to and immediately following stimulus presentation. All
      subjects displayed higher insulin levels following stimulus presentation, with
      the values for the obese higher than for normals. Although the insulin secretion
      of the obese was greater in response to the covert as opposed to the external
      stimulus, the difference was not significant. Salivary output following stimulus
      presentation was higher for the obese than normals, with hunger ratings
      increasing in both groups. These data support an expanded role of insulin as an
      appetite-inducing mechanism.

PMID- 6360190
TI  - The teeth and infective endocarditis.
AB  - During 1981 and 1982 544 cases of infective endocarditis were investigated
      retrospectively by means of a questionnaire. Only 13.7% had undergone any dental
      procedure within three months of the onset of the illness, and in 42.5% there was
      no known cardiac abnormality before the onset of the disease. Furthermore, the
      number of cases occurring annually was about the same as or more than it was
      before the introduction of penicillin. The mouth and nasopharynx were the most
      likely sources of the commonest organism, Streptococcus viridans, and it is
      suggested that it is not dental extractions themselves which are of importance
      but good dental hygiene. In most patients with infective endocarditis the portal
      of entry of the organism whatever its nature cannot be identified. If this is so
      antibiotics are being given to only a small proportion of those at risk, and this
      would explain why the number of cases is much the same as it was before the
      introduction of penicillin. Furthermore, the large proportion of patients with no
      known previous cardiac abnormality adds to the difficulty of providing effective
      prophylaxis. The evidence suggests that antibiotic prophylaxis should still be
      given before dental procedures, and a schedule is appended. Much more importance
      should be given, however, to encouraging people to seek better routine dental
      care. We also believe that doctors and dentists should appreciate that the
      pattern of the disease has changed considerably in the past 50 years and that the
      information given here warrants a revised approach to the problem.

PMID- 6360191
TI  - Electrophysiological abnormalities in the transplanted human heart.
AB  - Fourteen relatively long term survivors of cardiac transplantation underwent
      systematic electrophysiological evaluation and ambulatory electrocardiographic
      monitoring. Six patients had prolonged conduction intervals during sinus rhythm.
      Sinus node function could be assessed in all donor atria and in 10 recipient
      atria. Sinus node recovery times were prolonged in four of the donor atria and in
      six recipient atria. In the donor atria abnormalities of sinus node automaticity
      were invariably associated with abnormalities of sinoatrial conduction. Four
      patients showed functional duality of atrioventricular nodal conduction during
      programmed extrastimulation, but no patient developed re-entrant arrhythmia.
      During ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring no pronounced tachyarrhythmias
      were recorded. Three patients showed abnormalities of sinus node impulse
      formation. All three patients had abnormal sinus node recovery times during their
      electrophysiological study. Long term survivors of cardiac transplantation have a
      high incidence of electrophysiological abnormalities. Abnormalities of donor
      sinus node function are probably of clinical significance. The clinical
      significance of abnormalities detected within the atrioventricular conduction
      system of the denervated heart remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 6360192
TI  - Routine immunofluorescent and histochemical analysis of bone marrow involvement
      of lymphoma/leukaemia: the use of cryostat sections.
AB  - Enzyme histochemical and immunohistological (immuno-fluorescence and -peroxidase)
      techniques have been routinely used for investigating over 70 normal and
      pathological bone marrow samples. This recently standardized diagnostic procedure
      is very quick and can be performed in a few hours. In 6 cases the clinical
      diagnosis of leukaemia/lymphoma has become apparent only after the
      immunohistological analysis of the bone marrow. In 6 other cases the information
      about the staging of B cell malignancies was superior in the frozen biopsies to
      the paraffin embedded preparations. Amongst many other features the monoclonality
      of B CLL/lymphomas, the special features of B CLL infiltrates (RFA-1+, Leu-1+,
      HLA-DR+, SmIg+), follicular lymphoma deposits (containing follicular dendritic
      cells) and non-T, non-B acute lymphoblastic leukaemic blasts (terminal
      transferase+, HLA-DR+) as well as the sometimes conspicuous presence of
      infiltrating normal T cells could be clearly and reproducibly demonstrated.

PMID- 6360193
TI  - Sister chromatid exchange in lymphocytes from renal transplant recipients with
      and without cancer.
AB  - The frequency of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) was measured in peripheral blood
      lymphocytes from control, healthy subjects and immunosuppressed recipients of
      cadaveric donor kidneys with and without skin cancer. The mean SCE frequency in
      43 control subjects was 9.2 per cell (range 5.4-12.3). In 30 transplant
      recipients with no history or evidence of cancer the mean SCE rate was 10.3 per
      cell (range 5.8-24.5); four (13%) of these patients had a mean SCE frequency
      outside the control range. In 7 transplant recipients with skin cancer, the mean
      SCE frequency was 14.3 per cell (range 9.1-19.9). This was significantly (P less
      than 0.01) higher than the mean value of control subjects. The mean SCE
      frequencies in 3 of these 7 patients fell within the control range and in 4 of
      these patients was above the control range. These results suggest that some
      immunosuppressed kidney transplant recipients are liable to chromosomal damage.

PMID- 6360194
TI  - Potential biological explanation of stimulation of colony growth in semi-solid
      agar by cytotoxic agents.

PMID- 6360195
TI  - Distribution of major histocompatibility antigens in normal skin.
AB  - The distribution of major histocompatibility antigens HLA-A,B,C (HLA), beta 2
      microglobulin (beta 2m), and Ia-like antigens (HLA-DR; Ia) in normal skin was
      studied in frozen tissue sections by a four-step immunoperoxidase method and an
      avidin-biotin method employing monoclonal antibodies. HLA and beta 2m were
      present on the basal and spinous keratinocytes of the epidermis, on the outer
      root sheath epithelium in the infundibulum of the hair follicle, and on the
      excretory sebaceous duct epithelium. Ia-positive dendritic cells were found in
      the epidermis and hair follicles, but they were more frequent in the infundibulum
      and isthmus of the hair follicle than in its inferior portion or in the
      epidermis. In the straight eccrine duct, HLA and beta 2m-positivity was most
      striking in its lower portion. In the superficial duct, there was a less intense
      staining using the four-step procedure, but when an avidin-biotin method was
      used, the difference was less apparent. In contrast, the acrosyringial epithelium
      was markedly Ia-positive with decreasing intensity of staining as the duct
      penetrated the dermis. No HLA or Ia antigens were identified in eccrine glands
      and apocrine glands. Eccrine glands were slightly beta 2m-positive. HLA and beta
      2m were uniformly present in non-dilated and dilated intradermal apocrine ducts.

PMID- 6360196
TI  - Professor Emeritus George Hector Percival.

PMID- 6360197
TI  - Positive immunofluorescence in bullous lesions in drug-induced coma.

PMID- 6360198
TI  - The risks of antenatal subcutaneous heparin prophylaxis: a controlled trial.
AB  - The risks of long-term antenatal subcutaneous heparin therapy were assessed in a
      small controlled trial of prophylaxis of thromboembolism. Forty patients with a
      documented history of previous thromboembolism were randomly allocated either to
      receive heparin (10000 i.u. subcutaneously twice daily) throughout pregnancy and
      labour or to receive no treatment (control group). All patients were treated with
      heparin (8000 i.u. twice daily) for 6 weeks after delivery from the first
      postnatal day. There appeared to be no increased risk of antenatal or postnatal
      bleeding associated with subcutaneous heparin, but one patient in the control
      group developed a deep vein thrombosis and one in the treatment group developed
      severe debilitating osteopenia. The withholding of epidural analgesia may have
      contributed to both maternal and fetal morbidity in the treatment group. There
      was one abortion in each group but no other fetal or neonatal losses although
      more babies from the treated group entered the special care baby unit. Although
      the numbers are too small for statistical analysis, the findings indicate that
      the use of long-term low-dose subcutaneous heparin is not without complications
      and there is need for a larger, multicentre trial to allow precise quantification
      of fetal and maternal risks against the risk of recurrent thromboembolism.

PMID- 6360199
TI  - Reliability of cytological follow-up after conization of the cervix; a comparison
      of three surgical techniques.
AB  - A retrospective analysis was made of 154 consecutive conizations between 1974 and
      1982. Three surgical methods were compared: (A) Sturmdorf sutures; (B)
      interrupted vertical sutures; and (C) an 'open' method using only cauterization
      and no additional stitches. The mean blood loss during conization was not reduced
      by ligation of descending branches of the uterine arteries. Post-conization
      haemorrhage occurred in only 3% and did not differ between the three groups.
      Cervical smears with only ectocervical squamous epithelium or too little material
      to allow diagnosis were considered inadequate. Unreliable follow-up was defined
      as inadequacy of more than 25% of a patient's smears. Thirty per cent of all
      follow-up smears were inadequate (group A 33%; B 41%; C 16%). In 46% of the
      patients, cytological follow-up was unreliable (group A 48%; B 61%; C 18%) and
      additional measures such as dilatation of the cervix, endocervical curettage, or
      hysterectomy were required. The differences between group C and the other two
      groups were statistically significant (P less than 0.01; chi 2 test).

PMID- 6360200
TI  - Perceptions of labour: discrepancies between midwives' and patients' ratings.
AB  - Women's ratings of their experience of childbirth were compared with midwives'
      ratings of the women's experience. The midwives' ratings were significantly
      different from those of their patients. Midwives presented a more positive
      picture of the woman's experience than did the woman herself. Furthermore, the
      women reported using psychoprophylactic techniques for controlling discomfort for
      significantly more of the time than the midwives reported that the women used
      such techniques. The results are discussed in the context of similar findings
      reported in the literature.

PMID- 6360201
TI  - Plasma renin substrate in the prediction of pregnancy outcome in threatened
      abortion.
AB  - Concentrations of plasma renin substrate, serum oestradiol-17 beta, human
      chorionic gonadotrophin, sex-hormone binding globulin and plasma renin activity
      were measured in 77 samples from 74 patients with uterine bleeding during the
      first and second trimesters of pregnancy and in a control group of 29 normal
      pregnant women (51 samples). Mean concentrations of these substances were lower
      than control values in patients with an abnormal outcome of pregnancy. In
      patients with a normal outcome after uterine bleeding, concentrations were mostly
      within the control range. Serum oestradiol-17 beta concentration was superior to
      the other variables in predicting fetal outcome in the whole group. In patients
      with a live fetus at the time of blood sampling but who subsequently aborted,
      serum oestradiol-17 beta concentration was mostly normal, whereas plasma renin
      substrate was decreased. Our results suggest that plasma renin substrate may
      provide additional prognostic information to that given by serum oestradiol-17
      beta measurement or ultrasonography in threatened abortion.

PMID- 6360202
TI  - Activation of yeast pyruvate carboxylase: interactions between acyl coenzyme A
      compounds, aspartate, and substrates of the reaction.
AB  - Chicken liver pyruvate carboxylase has an absolute requirement for short-chain
      acyl coenzyme A (CoA), whereas the same enzyme from yeast has less stringent
      requirements. The yeast enzyme has now been studied in an effort to elucidate the
      mechanism by which acyl-CoA stimulates pyruvate carboxylase activity. Yeast
      pyruvate carboxylase has an apparent basal level of activity above which CoA and
      acyl-CoAs of 2-20 carbons activate; the concentration of acyl-CoA required for
      half-maximum activation (K0.5) decreases as the chain length of the acyl moiety
      increases to 16 carbons. Activation of yeast pyruvate carboxylase by acyl-CoA is
      brought about in part by increasing the affinity of pyruvate carboxylase for two
      substrates, bicarbonate and pyruvate. The affinity of pyruvate carboxylase for
      bicarbonate is also increased by potassium ions. The observation of only low
      levels of activity in the absence of acyl-CoA or potassium ion leads to the
      conclusion that the basal activity so frequently referred to is probably due to
      the presence of activating monovalent cations. Pyruvate carboxylase from yeast
      probably has an absolute requirement for monovalent cations or acyl-CoA with a
      combination of the two being required for optimum conditions for maximal
      activity. Stimulation by acyl-CoA and inhibition by aspartate are mutually
      antagonistic with each affecting the activation or inhibition constant and the
      degree of cooperativity brought about by the other. The enzyme from liver is
      unaffected by aspartate.

PMID- 6360203
TI  - Inhibition of nitrogenase-catalyzed NH3 formation by H2.
AB  - We have investigated the inhibition by H2 (D2) of NH3 formation by nitrogenase
      from Klebsiella pneumoniae and have confirmed that the inhibition is competitive
      vs. N2. D2 inhibits NH3 formation by diverting nitrogenase from production of NH3
      to production of HD (one electron per HD). By careful exclusion of N2 from the
      reaction mixture, we have been able to place an upper limit on N2-independent HD
      formation by nitrogenase, under 1 atm of D2, at 1% of the total electron flux.
      Formation of NH3 and formation of HD were inhibited identically by CO. We
      observed that as the ratio of dinitrogenase to dinitrogenase reductase is
      increased, the ratio of HD formed to NH3 formed rises, and D2 becomes a stronger
      inhibitor of N2 reduction. This may be caused in part by an accompanying increase
      that is observed in the Km of nitrogenase for N2. We propose a model for D2
      inhibition of NH3 formation in which D2 and N2 complete for the same form of
      nitrogenase. According to our proposal, when N2 reacts with nitrogenase, either
      N2 reduction proceeds to completion if H2 (D2) is absent or, if D2 already is
      bound to nitrogenase, N2 reduction is aborted and two molecules of HD are
      produced at the net expense of one electron per HD. Key consequences of the model
      are that it predicts that H2 (D2) is a competitive inhibitor of NH3 formation and
      that the apparent Km (N2) for formation of HD and NH3 may differ.

PMID- 6360204
TI  - Site-specific pausing of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis catalyzed by four forms
      of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III.
AB  - Sites on an fd DNA template which terminate synthesis catalyzed by each of four
      forms of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III have been identified at single
      nucleotide resolution. Results were obtained by comparing the products made by
      forms of DNA polymerase III with products generated from the same 3'-terminus by
      using the dideoxynucleotide sequencing method, on high-resolution polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis. Each form of DNA polymerase III generates products of
      distinct lengths ending at a limited number of preferred sites of synthesis
      termination. The addition of auxiliary subunits to the DNA polymerase III core
      form of the enzyme has a distinct functional effect on primer elongation and
      specificity of polymerase pausing. Most sites (65%) can be correlated to
      positions of potential secondary structure in the template arising via local
      hydrogen-bonding interactions. The proximity of polymerase pausing to sites
      adjacent to hairpin stems was related to the size of the enzyme since the smaller
      core form of DNA polymerase III generally paused at sites which were closer to
      the base of these structures than the larger holoenzyme. The occurrence of
      termination sites is markedly affected by the inclusion of spermidine or
      Escherichia coli single-stranded DNA binding protein in the reaction mixtures.
      Additionally, a nucleotide composition specificity of pause sites has been
      observed.

PMID- 6360205
TI  - Carboxyl-terminal proteolytic processing during biosynthesis of the lysosomal
      enzymes beta-glucuronidase and cathepsin D.
AB  - During pulse-chase experiments in cultured porcine kidney cells, an early 75
      kilodalton (kDa) form of beta-glucuronidase is converted to a late 72-kDa form.
      The relative molecular weight difference between the two forms is maintained on
      removal of high-mannose carbohydrate with endoglycosidase H. Both forms have the
      same partial NH2-terminal sequence, and both migrate as single polypeptide chains
      following reduction, alkylation, and electrophoresis under denaturing conditions.
      On treatment with carboxypeptidase Y, the early form released [35S]Met faster
      than the late form. Thus, the late form of beta-glucuronidase is generated by
      COOH-terminal proteolytic processing of the early form. During similar
      experiments, the mass of the 30-kDa heavy chain of porcine cathepsin D decreased
      by about 1 kDa. The heavy chain of the two-chain enzyme is derived from the COOH
      terminus of a 44-kDa single-chain enzyme. On treatment with carboxypeptidase Y,
      the early single-chain enzyme released COOH-terminal [35S]Met and [3H]Lys faster
      than the later 29-kDa heavy chain. Like beta-glucuronidase, cathepsin D evidently
      undergoes COOH-terminal proteolytic processing during biosynthesis.

PMID- 6360206
TI  - Evolutionary aspects of accuracy of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. Accuracy of
      fungal and animal mitochondrial enzymes and their relationship to their
      cytoplasmic counterparts and a prokaryotic enzyme.
AB  - Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetases from mitochondria of yeast and hen liver resemble
      their corresponding cytoplasmic counterparts. Whereas slight intraspecies
      differences at the amino acid binding site, reflecting variations in the
      structures of these distinct enzymes, are exploitable by phenylalanine analogues,
      no intraspecies difference can be noted for the strategies to achieve the high
      fidelity of protein synthesis. While the yeast mitochondrial enzyme follows the
      pathway of posttransfer proofreading, the hen liver mitochondrial enzyme uses a
      tRNA-dependent pretransfer proofreading in the case of the natural amino acids.
      The accuracy of mitochondrial phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetases appears to be even
      better than the accuracy of the corresponding cytoplasmic enzymes. Interspecies
      rather than intraspecies differences for the functional role of certain amino
      acid residues of the enzymes further indicate the close relationship of the
      intracellular heterotopic isoenzymes. By use of a highly sensitive immunospotting
      procedure, common antigenic determinants are detected only within the enzymes
      from the two intracellular compartments of the same organism. The results suggest
      the origin of the cytoplasm-mitochondrion isoenzyme pair by independent gene
      duplication of the ancestral nuclear gene. A similarity of mitochondrial enzymes
      to the phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli is not observed.

PMID- 6360207
TI  - Rat kidney renin and cathepsin D: purification and comparison of properties.
AB  - Renin and cathepsin D were purified by seven-step procedures involving five steps
      common to both enzymes. These common five steps were extraction of freeze-dried
      kidney powder in 30% methoxyethanol-water, diethylaminoethyl-cellulose (DEAE
      cellulose) batch absorption and elution, pepstatin-aminohexyl-Sepharose
      chromatography, Sephadex G-100 chromatography, and DEAE-cellulose chromatography.
      The renin component was purified further by passage through an anti-rat spleen
      cathepsin D immunoglobulin G-Sepharose (IgG-Sepharose) column followed by
      carboxymethyl-Sephadex (CM-Sepharose) chromatography which separated two renin
      components. Cathepsin D activity obtained by the fifth step was purified by
      passage through an anti-rat kidney renin IgG-Sepharose column followed by DEAE
      Sephacel chromatography which separated three cathepsin D components. The
      homogeneity of renin and cathepsin D preparations was demonstrated by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The two components of
      renins showed molecular weights of 42 000 and 36 000 by gel filtration and 38 000
      and 36 000 by SDS gel electrophoresis, respectively. They showed isoelectric
      points of 5.35 and 5.65 by electrofocusing in 5% polyacrylamide gels. Their
      optimum pHs of enzyme activity were 6.5 as determined by using nephrectomized rat
      plasma as a substrate. Their specific angiotensin I (Ang I) generation activities
      were 158 and 146 micrograms of Ang I (microgram of protein)-1 h-1, respectively,
      which correspond to 1100 and 1020 Goldblatt units (mg of protein)-1 h-1. The
      three cathepsins showed molecular weights of 41 000, 43 000, and 41 000 by gel
      filtration and 46 000, 45 000, and 46 000 by SDS gel electrophoresis.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6360208
TI  - Tumor subpopulation interactions in neoplasms.

PMID- 6360209
TI  - Carcinoembryonic antigens and related glycoproteins. Molecular aspects and
      specificity.

PMID- 6360210
TI  - Insulin action on cardiac glucose transport. Studies on the role of the Na+/K+
      pump.
AB  - Isolated muscle cells from adult rat heart have been used to study the
      relationship between myocardial glucose transport and the activity of the Na+/K+
      pump. 86Rb+-uptake by cardiac cells was found to be linear up to 2 min with a
      steady-state reached by 40-60 min, and was used to monitor the activity of the
      Na+/K+ pump. Ouabain (10(-3) mol/l) inhibited the steady-state uptake of 86Rb+ by
      more than 90%. Both, the ouabain-sensitive and ouabain-insensitive 86Rb+-uptake
      by cardiac cells were found to be unaffected by insulin treatment under
      conditions where a significant stimulation of 3-O-methylglucose transport
      occurred. 86Rb+-uptake was markedly reduced by the presence of calcium and/or
      magnesium, but remained unresponsive towards insulin treatment. Inhibition of the
      Na+/K+ pump activity by ouabain and a concomitant shift in the intracellular Na+
      :K+ ratio did not affect basal or insulin stimulated rates of 3-O-methylglucose
      transport in cardiac myocytes. The data argue against a functional relationship
      between the myocardial Na+/K+ pump and the glucose transport system.

PMID- 6360211
TI  - Role of cell surface mannose residues in host cell invasion by Trypanosoma cruzi.
AB  - The role of mannose residues on the membranes of Trypanosoma cruzi and its host
      cells in their association (surface binding plus internalization of the parasite)
      leading to infection was studied. Used in this work were the bloodstream
      (trypomastigote), intracellular (amastigote) and insect-transmissible (metacyclic
      trypomastigote) forms of the parasite; mouse macrophages and rat heart myoblasts
      were used as the host cells. Removal of mannose residues from the surface of all
      forms of the parasite by treatment with alpha-mannosidase produced a marked
      increase in their respective abilities to associate with either host cell. The
      increase was more pronounced with the bloodstream and insect-derived
      trypomastigotes (which can penetrate cell membranes) than with the amastigotes
      (which can not do so). By contrast, mannosidase treatment of the macrophages and
      the myoblasts caused a significant decrease in the ability of these cells to
      associate with either bloodstream or insect-derived trypomastigote forms. The
      capacity of mannosidase-treated macrophages to take up the non-invasive
      amastigotes was also reduced. These results, as a whole, suggest that mannose
      residues on the surface of the parasite modulate their binding to macrophages and
      myoblasts and that mannose residues on the surface of these host cells play a
      role in cell association with the parasite.

PMID- 6360212
TI  - Purification and reversible subunit dissociation of overproduced Escherichia coli
      phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase.
AB  - Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (EC 6.1.1.20) has been purified to homogeneity from
      a 100-fold overproducing Escherichia coli strain carrying a hybrid pBR322 plasmid
      containing the pheS-pheT locus. The purified enzyme is identical to the
      phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase isolated form an haploid strain. The enzyme was
      found to dissociate in the presence of 0.5 M NaSCN and the alpha- and beta
      subunits composing the native alpha 2 beta 2 enzyme were separated by gel
      filtration. Neither isolated subunit showed significant catalytic activity. A
      complex indistinguishable from the native enzyme with full catalytic activity is
      recovered upon mixing the subunits. The N- and C-terminal sequences and the amino
      acid composition of each subunit were determined. They are compared to the
      available data concerning the primary structure of the subunits, as deduced from
      nucleotide sequencing of the pheS-pheT operon.

PMID- 6360213
TI  - Extraction of histones H2A, H3 and H4 from yeast nuclei. Measurement of the
      extent of yeast histone acetylation following one-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis.
AB  - Yeast histones H2A, H3 and H4 were specifically extracted from purified nuclei
      using a 2% NaCl/75% ethanol solution. The extraction resulted in the complete
      removal of H2A, H3 and H4 from the nuclear pellet, as monitored by SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the protein. The relative absence of
      nonhistone proteins from this histone subset simplifies the determination of the
      extent of histone modification in yeast. Levels of H4 acetylation were measured
      directly on Coomassie blue-stained Triton acid-urea gels and the levels verified
      by gel fluorography of the [3H]acetate-labeled histone.

PMID- 6360214
TI  - DNA primase associated with 10 S DNA polymerase alpha from calf thymus.
AB  - Among multiple subspecies of DNA polymerase alpha of calf thymus, only 10 S DNA
      polymerase alpha had a capacity to initiate DNA synthesis on an unprimed single
      stranded, circular M13 phage DNA in the presence of ribonucleoside triphosphates
      (DNA primase activity). The primase was copurified with 10 S DNA polymerase alpha
      through the purification and both activities cosedimented at 10 S through
      gradients of either sucrose or glycerol. Furthermore, these two activities were
      immunoprecipitated at a similar efficiency by a monoclonal antibody directed
      against calf thymus DNA polymerase alpha. These results indicate that the primase
      is tightly bound to 10 S DNA polymerase alpha. The RNA polymerizing activity was
      resistant to alpha-amanitin, required high concentration of all four
      ribonucleoside triphosphates (800 microM) for its maximal activity, and produced
      the limited length of oligonucleotides (around 10 nucleotides long) which were
      necessary to serve as a primer for DNA synthesis. Covalent bonding to RNA to DNA
      was strongly suggested by the nearest neighbour frequency analysis and the DNAase
      treatment. The DNA synthesis primed by the RNA oligomers may be carried out by
      the associating DNA polymerase alpha because it was strongly inhibited by araCTP,
      resistant to d2TTP, and was also inhibited by aphidicolin but at relatively high
      concentration. The primase preferred single-stranded DNA as a template, but it
      also showed an activity on the double-stranded DNA from calf thymus at an
      efficiency of approx. 10% of that with single-stranded DNA.

PMID- 6360215
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a lectin from the snail Biomphalaria glabrata
      and a study of its combining site.
AB  - The hemagglutinins from the spawn of the water snail Biomphalaria glabrata were
      isolated by affinity chromatography on hog gastric mucin coupled to Sepharose 4B.
      The N-acetyl-D-glucosamine eluate (0.1 M) was fractionated further on Bio-Gel P
      300, yielding two fractions. Fraction 1 had an Mr of 350 000 and displayed one
      band in immunoelectrophoresis, but was heterogeneous in discontinuous
      electrophoresis. It agglutinated human red blood cells with A1 and B specificity
      at concentrations of 12 and 72 micrograms nitrogen/ml, respectively. Fraction 2
      had an Mr on gel filtration of 67 000 and was homogeneous in immuno- and
      polyacrylamide electrophoresis, and in isoelectrofocusing. It is composed of
      three subunits with Mr of 17 000 and one smaller subunit of 15 000. This fraction
      (lectin I) is a glycoprotein containing 6% hexoses and 2.5% hexosamines. For
      minimal agglutination of human A1 and B red blood cells 2.4 and 72.0 micrograms
      nitrogen/ml, respectively, of lectin I were required. O red blood cells were not
      agglutinated. Lectin I precipitated well with a human blood group substance of A1
      specificity, moderately with a B- and poorly with an H-substance. Precipitin
      inhibition studies revealed that among other sugars N-acetylneuraminic acid was
      the most potent inhibitor. Immunofluorescence studies confirmed the good
      interaction of lectin I with receptors of A1 and B erythrocytes and the failure
      of lectin I to attach to O-erythrocytes. Since N-acetylneuraminic acid is present
      on the cell surface of all human erythrocytes, it cannot be the dominant part of
      the receptor for the B. glabrata lectin I, despite its effectiveness as an
      inhibitor.

PMID- 6360216
TI  - Distinct metal cofactor-induced conformational states in the NAD-specific malic
      enzyme of Escherichia coli as revealed by proteolysis studies.
AB  - Evidence is presented for the existence of altered ligand-stabilized
      conformational states of the NAD-specific malic enzyme (L-malate:NAD+
      oxidoreductase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating), EC 1.1.1.38), of Escherichia coli
      in the presence of Mg2+ and Mn2+, as identified by their susceptibilities to
      proteolysis. The rate of tryptic digestion of the enzyme is significantly
      decreased in the Mg2+-form of the enzyme when the product, NADH, or the
      allosteric effectors, coenzyme A and aspartate, are present in the digestion
      mixture. In contrast, little difference in the rate of tryptic digestion is
      observed in the degree of protection of the enzyme by the two metal cofactors,
      either alone, or in the presence of the substrates, malate and NAD. The results
      are consistent with the previously proposed hypothesis of Milne and Cook
      (Biochemistry 18, (1979) 3604-3610) that Mg2+ and Mn2+ stabilize two distinct
      conformational states of the enzyme. The results are discussed in relation to the
      altered kinetic response of the enzyme to substrates and effectors in the
      presence of the two metal cofactors.

PMID- 6360217
TI  - Saturated fat feeding, hyperlipidemia and hyperinsulinemia.
AB  - The effects of feeding saturated and eucaloric unsaturated fat-rich diets on
      lipemia and insulinemia in female Brown Norway rats have been compared. The
      relative hyperlipemia in the unsaturated fat group at 8 a.m. has declined at 10
      a.m., whereas the saturated fat group at 8 a.m. gives lower values than at 10
      a.m. It suggests that saturated fat feeding requires a longer absorption period.
      The insulin levels in the unsaturated fat groups are higher at 8 a.m. than at 10
      a.m., whereas insulin levels in the saturated fat group are higher at 10 a.m.
      than at 8 a.m. It also suggests retarded resorption of food in the saturated fat
      group. The relative hyperlipemia at 10 a.m. in the saturated fat group applies to
      triacylglycerol, free cholesterol, free fatty acids and particularly
      phosphatidylcholine. It was almost 50% higher than phosphatidylcholine in the
      unsaturated fat group and coincided with the accumulation of an apolipoprotein E
      rich high density lipoprotein.

PMID- 6360218
TI  - Direct tritium-labelling into histidine of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
      agonists and use of the tracers in studies on proteolytic breakdown.
AB  - Analogs of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) having higher biological
      activity than LHRH itself are being mainly used to study the biological effects
      and the mechanism of action of LHRH. In the present study, conditions for the
      direct 3H-labelling at the histidine residue of analogs of LHRH were worked out,
      circumventing the synthesis of precursor peptides for labelling. [D
      Phe6,desGly10]-LHRH ethylamide and [D-Ser(But)6,desGly10]-LHRH ethylamide were
      tritiated by tritium gas and a 10% Pd/Al2O3 catalyst to high specific
      radioactivities. The labelled peptides are sufficiently stable to be used in
      biochemical studies. The degradability of the analogs by homogenates of various
      tissues of rats was compared with that of the native LHRH. The analogs were shown
      to be distinctly degradable, but to a lower extent. The kidney homogenate
      degrades the analogs [D-Phe6,desGly10]- and [D-Ser(But)6,desGly10]-LHRH
      ethylamide with 35 and 50%, respectively, of the velocity observed with LHRH,
      whereas the degradation velocity of the analogs by a homogenate of the
      hypothalamus and pituitary is only 10% of that of LHRH. It is suggested that the
      lower degradability of the analogs at peripheral sites and target sites
      (pituitary, ovary) explains partly their higher biological activity.

PMID- 6360219
TI  - Cell volume change of Escherichia coli under stringent control. Apparent increase
      of K+ in rel- cells.
AB  - With several pairs of rel+ and rel- strains of Escherichia coli, the effects of
      amino acid starvation on the intracellular concentration of K+ and the rate of
      uptake of 42K+ were investigated. In the early phase of the experiments, the
      intracellular concentration of K+ was estimated by the conventional method in
      which the cell volume per A660 value of the culture was assumed to be constant,
      being not influenced by the variation of growth condition and strain. Apparently,
      the K+ concentration of rel+ cells was kept almost constant, while that of rel-
      cells increased about 1.5-fold 2 h after the exposure to amino acid starvation.
      Unexpectedly, however, the above assumption was found not to be valid in the
      present study. The cell volume per A660 changed only slightly in CP78 (rel+)
      cells, while it increased markedly in CP79 (rel-) cells after the exposure to
      amino acid starvation. Reestimation of the K+ concentrations based on the
      estimated respective values of cell volumes per A660 revealed no significant
      difference between both strains. After all, the above apparent phenomenon was
      found to be due to the fact that the increase in cell volume of the rel+ cells
      was arrested upon amino acid starvation whereas that in the rel- cells was not.
      The 42K+ uptake by the rel+ cells was depressed upon amino acid starvation,
      whereas that by the rel- cells increased. Some regulatory mechanism was suggested
      to operate in both strains to keep their K+ concentrations constant. When
      intracellular concentration of a metabolite is to be determined, importance of
      measurement of cell volume under the respective conditions, without assuming the
      constancy of the cell volume per A660 of the culture, was pointed out.

PMID- 6360220
TI  - Insulin-stimulated translocation of glucose transporters in the isolated rat
      adipose cells: characterization of subcellular fractions.
AB  - Insulin stimulates glucose transport in rat adipose cells through the
      translocation of glucose transporters from an intracellular pool to the plasma
      membrane. A detailed characterization of the morphology, protein composition and
      marker enzyme content of subcellular fractions of these cells, prepared by
      differential ultracentrifugation, and of the distribution of glucose transporters
      among these fractions is now described. Glucose transporters were measured using
      specific D-glucose-inhibitable [3H]cytochalasin B binding. In the basal state,
      roughly 90% of the cells' glucose transporters are associated with a low-density
      microsomal, Golgi marker enzyme-enriched membrane fraction. However, the
      distributions of glucose transporters and Golgi marker enzyme activities over all
      fractions are clearly distinct. Incubation of intact cells with insulin increases
      the number of glucose transporters in the plasma membrane fraction 4-5 fold and
      correspondingly decreases the intracellular pool, without influencing any other
      characteristics of the subcellular fractions examined or the estimated total
      number of glucose transporters (3.7 X 10(6)/cell). Insulin does not influence the
      Kd of the glucose transporters in the plasma membrane fraction for cytochalasin B
      binding (98 nM), but lowers that in the intracellular pool (from 141 to 93 nM).
      The calculated turnover numbers of the glucose transporters in the plasma
      membrane vesicles from basal and insulin-stimulated cells are similar (15 X 10(3)
      mol of glucose/min per mol of transporters at 37 degrees C), whereas insulin
      appears to increase the turnover number in the plasma membrane of intact cells
      roughly 4-fold. These results suggest that (1) the intracellular pool of glucose
      transporters may comprise a specialized membrane species, (2) intracellular
      glucose transporters may undergo conformational changes during their cycling to
      the plasma membrane in response to insulin, and (3) the translocation of glucose
      transporters may represent only one component in the mechanism through which
      insulin regulates glucose transport in the intact cell.

PMID- 6360221
TI  - [Radioresistance mechanisms of Micrococcus radiodurans].
AB  - The modern conceptions on the molecular mechanisms of Micrococcus radiodurans
      viability under the action of ionized radiation have been considered. Factors
      providing a high level of the bacterium radioresistance-the peculiarities of the
      cell wall structure, membranes, DNA, the redundancy of genetic information, the
      multiplicity of sites of DNA attachment to the membrane, a high level of
      antioxidant and antiradical systems-have been analysed. It has been shown that
      the efficiency of accurate, error-free, well balanced DNA repair system in
      connection with M. radiodurans properties mentioned provides a high radiation
      resistance of this microorganism.

PMID- 6360222
TI  - [Fatty acid composition of the lipids of yeasts differing in radioresistance].
AB  - The composition of membrane fatty lipid acids and the content of polyunsaturation
      of fatty acids have been shown not to be the leading factors in the formation of
      radioresistance cells.

PMID- 6360224
TI  - Thymidine factor in human cord sera and relationship to birth size, gestational
      age and insulin.
AB  - Thymidine factor was studied in human cord sera from 44 neonates with gestational
      ages ranging between 36 and 43 weeks. Thymidine factor was determined by the
      uptake of 6-3H-thymidine using isolated chick embryo cartilage cells. The
      thymidine factors increased with gestational age and those of neonates at 40
      weeks of gestation were 0.89 +/- 0.17 U/ml (mean +/- SD), but were significantly
      lower after 42 weeks of gestation. There was no correlation between thymidine
      factor in cord sera and birth weight or size. There was a positive correlation (p
      less than 0.02) between insulin level and thymidine factor in cord sera. Our data
      suggest that somatomedin measured as thymidine factor might not have a major role
      in fetal growth and insulin might be an important factor in the synthesis of
      somatomedin by the fetus.

PMID- 6360223
TI  - [Functional heterogeneity of the electroexcitable membrane of nerve cells].
AB  - The own and literary data connected with a problem of functional heterogeneity of
      the electroexcitable membrane of the nerve cells is presented. The results which
      testify the peculiarities of spreading of excitability on somatic membrane of
      isolated neuronal somata and the form of somatic action potentials studied by
      using the micro-computer have been analysed. The morphological heterogeneity of
      the electroexcitable membrane is suggested to be the basis of the electrogenesis
      action potentials.

PMID- 6360226
TI  - Discovering an epidemic before it has reached a certain level of prevalence.
AB  - In this communication we calculate the probability of discovering a simple
      epidemic in a large population before the epidemic has reached a given level of
      prevalence, by regularly taking a small random sample from the population for
      microbiological screening. Apart from the general formula which has to be
      evaluated numerically, we derive various simple approximation formulae which shed
      light on the properties of various monitoring regimes. These formulae are,
      moreover, rather robust against deviations from the model specifications. The
      results are applied to the evaluation of the efficiency of an infection
      monitoring program in an animal breeding centre.

PMID- 6360225
TI  - The role of placental urokinase inhibitor in toxemia of pregnancy.
AB  - The fibrinolysis of the uterus can be reversed during the course of pregnancy.
      The chief cause of this physiologic change is an increase of urokinase (UK)
      inhibitor in the placenta. The UK inhibitor also has a pathologic aspect that can
      influence the course of pregnancy. We have proven that the hypofibrinolysis of
      toxemic pregnant urine results from increased UK inhibitor. Furthermore, we have
      shown the existence of UK inhibitor in toxemic pregnant serum and the glomerulus.
      On the basis of these facts we propose that UK inhibitor leaks into the maternal
      blood stream from the placenta and inhibits the fibrinolytic activity of UK,
      forming microthrombuses in the glomerulus. Excess UK inhibitor in the placenta
      also suppresses the fibrinolytic activity of placental plasminogen activator
      (PPA). Thus microthrombuses are apt to be formed in both the placenta and
      glomerulus. Such pathologic inhibition of fibrinolysis strongly influences the
      course of toxemia.

PMID- 6360227
TI  - Studies of myosin and its proteolytic fragments by laser Raman spectroscopy.
AB  - Two bands in the Raman spectrum of myosin, at 1,304 cm-1 and 1,270 cm-1, are
      attributable to alpha-helical structure. The first of these, also present in the
      spectrum of light meromyosin (LMM) but not in that of subfragment-1 (S-1), is
      assigned to the coiled-coil tail region of myosin; the second, seen in spectra of
      S-1 or heavy meromyosin (HMM), is largely absent from the spectrum of light
      meromyosin and is likely to correspond to the alpha-helical segments of the head
      region. When myosin or LMM aggregates, spectral bands attributable to backbone
      and sidechain groups sharpen suggesting a reduction in motional freedom. This
      sharpening is particularly apparent in the 902 cm-1 C--C stretching mode. Mg2+
      broadens and shifts the peak at 1,244 cm-1 to 1,237 cm-1 and diminishes the
      intensity from 1,230 to 1,240 cm-1, changes which appear to be associated the S-1
      region. MgPPi produces changes in the 1,300 cm-1 region attributable to alpha
      helical regions in coiled-coil structures suggesting that MgPPi affects not only
      S-1, but also some part of the myosin rod.

PMID- 6360229
TI  - Location in the yeast hexokinase structure of residues related to the enzyme
      activity.
AB  - Seven residues implicated as acting directly in substrate binding in yeast
      hexokinase B have been identified in the crystallographic structure by chemical
      sequencing. The cysteine which is regarded as a residue critically maintaining
      the active conformation of yeast hexokinase has been selectively labelled and
      likewise located in the structure. In some parts of the amino acid sequence
      predicted from the high-resolution electron density map it is found that
      alignments of chemically sequenced peptides can be made unambiguously; however,
      the extent of matching to the predicted sequence varies considerably along the
      chain.

PMID- 6360230
TI  - Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) with natural killer (NK) cell
      predominance.

PMID- 6360231
TI  - European experience with fetal tissue transplantation in severe combined
      immunodeficiency (SCID).

PMID- 6360232
TI  - Chimerism following fetal liver transplantation: cell cooperation despite HLA
      mismatch.

PMID- 6360228
TI  - Electrical properties of sheep Purkinje strands. Electrical and chemical
      potentials in the clefts.
AB  - The impedence of sheep Purkinje strands, measured to 3-5 kHz, is interpreted with
      circuit models based on morphology. The strand is described as a one-dimensional
      electrical cable. Clefts between myocytes of the strand allow radial current to
      flow in parallel with current across the outer membrane. A lumped model of the
      clefts, in which all the cleft membrane is in series with 100 omega-cm2, fits
      only below 20 Hz. Two distributed models, pie and disk, fit at all frequencies
      with somewhat different (31%) luminal resistivities, but with similar membrane
      parameters. Series resistance representing the endothelial sheath is small.
      Simulations of voltage clamp experiments include measured linear parameters and
      nonlinear membrane channels, as well as radial variation of cleft concentration,
      membrane flux, voltage, and current. Cleft potential is drastically nonuniform
      when sodium current flows. Cleft potential is reasonably uniform when calcium and
      potassium currents flow, but the calcium and potassium concentrations change
      markedly, enough to turn off the calcium current, even if the calcium channel did
      not inactivate. We conclude that physiological current flows produce significant
      nonuniformities in electrochemical potentials in the clefts of this cardiac
      preparation.

PMID- 6360234
TI  - A formula to assess lymphocyte responsiveness in vitro.

PMID- 6360233
TI  - Problems of mismatched bone marrow transplantation for severe combined
      immunodeficiency after soybean lectin fractionation.

PMID- 6360235
TI  - The thymus in immunodeficiency diseases: new therapeutic approaches.

PMID- 6360236
TI  - B-cell differentiation.

PMID- 6360237
TI  - Thymus transplantation.

PMID- 6360238
TI  - Therapy with thymopoietin pentapeptide (TP-5) in 26 patients with primary
      immunodeficiencies.

PMID- 6360240
TI  - Delayed marrow aplasia following treatment for thymic hypoplasia: correction by
      marrow transplant without immunosuppression.

PMID- 6360239
TI  - Effect of synthetic thymic hormone (TP5) in children with T-cell
      immunodeficiencies.

PMID- 6360242
TI  - The role of macrophages in the immune process.

PMID- 6360241
TI  - Immunologic reconstitution with bone marrow transplantation and thymic hormones
      in two patients with severe pure T-cell defects.

PMID- 6360244
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation in a patient with Chediak-Higashi Syndrome.

PMID- 6360243
TI  - Protean appearances of immunodeficiencies: syndromes and inborn errors involving
      other systems which express associated primary immunodeficiency.
AB  - Developmental defects interrupting the normal evolution of immunocytes can
      explain many of the congenital immunodeficiency syndromes. Observations
      accumulated during the last decade have, however, shown that this is not the only
      cause, and that many diseases have signs of immunodeficiency as an accompanying
      feature. Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a good example of the
      multiple etiology of similar clinical features--they are phenocopies of a well
      delineated hereditary disease. A number of recently described syndromes are
      reviewed, albeit an incomplete list. Metabolic disorders due to inactivity of
      enzymes may present characteristic ID. Some of them are explained by lack or
      increased need of co-enzymes (like biotin or zinc). In other syndromes, better
      understanding of the pathogenesis might pin down the primary failure to one
      single point, as shown in the hyper IgE syndrome. Other fundamental disturbances
      are located in the chromosome itself, eg decreased repair capacity, deletion,
      translocation. An attempt is made to propose a general classification
      accommodating all etiologic factors known to date which lead to immunodeficiency.
      It is obvious that within this framework the same clinical syndrome may be
      repeated.

PMID- 6360245
TI  - Specific in vitro anti-mannan antibody production by human blood lymphocytes.

PMID- 6360246
TI  - Immune regulation in the hyper-IgE/Job syndrome.

PMID- 6360247
TI  - Diagnosis and classification of severe combined immunodeficiency disease.
AB  - The failure to demonstrate normal humoral and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in
      patients diagnosed as SCID is seen to reflect the varied pathogenesis of this
      syndrome. Two major groups of patients have been described, those with or without
      an associated absence of the enzyme ADA. The heterogeneity of the syndrome is
      expressed in variable inheritance patterns (particularly defined X-linked or
      autosomal recessive modes of inheritance), differing clinical presentations, and
      significant variability in laboratory findings. Some of this heterogeneity of
      laboratory findings may in fact be contributed to by the high incidence of
      infection or engraftment of maternal cells in utero. Common to all, however, is
      the profound deficiency of functional attributes of humoral and cell-mediated
      immunity. Insight into the biology of this immunodeficiency has advanced steadily
      in the last decade. Although initially hypothesized to represent a primary
      lymphoid stem-cell defect, newer technologies to identify and enumerate
      lymphocyte subpopulations and precursor lymphocytes have revealed the complexity
      of the disorder. This complexity may now be attributable to a number of
      abnormalities in the quantitative and qualitative differentiation of these
      lymphoid stem cells. Functional differentiation of lymphocytes is the result of a
      progressive and orderly sequence of events. In SCID, lymphocytes of both lineages
      may be arrested at specific and identifiable stages of maturation, leading to a
      deficiency of cell-mediated and humoral immunity. In many patients with SCID, the
      combined immune deficiency may be linked solely to a failure in the stepwise
      progression of T-cell differentiation.

PMID- 6360248
TI  - Potential role of platelets in the pathogenesis of tumor metastasis.
AB  - Platelet activity may be involved in tumor metastasis. The tumor cells, after
      detachment from the primary site, adhere to vascular endothelium at distant sites
      and proliferate. Platelets form aggregates with tumor cells in circulation,
      facilitating their adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Formation of platelet
      tumor cell aggregates and their sequestration in various end-organs may result in
      thrombocytopenia. Certain tumor cell lines directly stimulate platelet activity,
      some by releasing platelet-aggregating material, a urea-extractable membrane
      component, others by release of cathepsin, and still others by undefined
      mechanisms. The direct effect of platelets on tumor cells may be of pathogenic
      significance. For example, platelet-derived factors stimulate growth of some
      tumors, whereas others increase vascular permeability and thus facilitate
      migration of tumor cells across the vessel wall. Lack of these platelet factors,
      as in thrombocytopenic animals, may indeed inhibit tumor metastasis. Arachidonic
      acid metabolism in platelets and the vessel walls may contribute to metastatic
      process. In particular, thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin generation capabilities
      appear to be important in modulating platelet-tumor cell deposition and growth.
      To alter the metastatic process, several preliminary trials of platelet
      inhibitory agents have been performed. However, the results of these trials have
      been equivocal, perhaps related to nonspecific effects of these agents on
      arachidonic acid metabolism. Studies directed at specific pathways of platelet
      vessel wall interaction on some tumors appear promising. These newer agents may
      be of therapeutic value in man.

PMID- 6360249
TI  - Leukocyte migration inhibition of buffy coats from patients with autoimmune
      thrombocytopenic purpura when exposed to normal platelets: modulation by transfer
      factor.
AB  - Cellular-mediated immunity was studied in autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura
      (ATP) patients by investigating leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) following
      the interaction of normal platelets with patients' lymphocytes. When normal
      platelets were incubated with leukocyte buffy coats of ATP patients, the
      migration index (MI) was significantly impaired compared to buffy coats from
      normal subjects, employing 4 different concentrations of platelets. At the
      highest platelet concentration (10(9)/ml), MI was 0.87 +/- 0.04 (SEM) for ATP
      lymphocytes compared to 1.05 +/- 0.05 (p less than 0.01) for normal lymphocytes.
      Nine of 21 patients had an MI less than 0.80, whereas all control subjects had
      MIs greater than 0.85. Similar results were obtained at 2 different platelet
      membrane concentrations. At 500 micrograms/ml, the MI for ATP lymphocytes was
      0.74 +/- 0.04, compared to 0.98 +/- 0.08 (p less than 0.01) for normal
      lymphocytes (12 experiments). An inverse relationship was noted between platelet
      count and lymphokine production in ATP patients (r = 0.815, p less than 0.001, 10
      experiments). Transfer factor from an ATP patient in remission converted an
      abnormal LMI response of 0.68 +/- 0.04 from a patient with severe
      thrombocytopenia to 0.84 +/- 0.07 (p less than 0.005, 8 experiments). Similar
      results were obtained with transfer factor from 2 other patients in remission.
      Transfer factor from a patient with severe thrombocytopenia converted a normal
      response of 1.04 +/- 0.05 of normal subjects to a lower response of 0.88 +/- 0.04
      (p less than 0.03, 12 experiments). Thus, lymphocytes of ATP patients are primed
      to recognize and be perturbed by normal platelets, whereas normal lymphocytes are
      not. This indicates specificity of the antigen-lymphocyte reaction in ATP
      patients. Transfer factor is capable of modulating this response in vitro.

PMID- 6360250
TI  - Morphological and functional aspects of heart homograft adaptation to hamster
      cheek pouch. Spontaneous pulsatile activity and ultrastructure.
AB  - Atrial homografts from newborn hamsters, transplanted into cheek pouches of adult
      Syrian golden hamsters, were studied using intravital and electron microscopy.
      Half of the transplants survived up to 1 year, performing spontaneous pulsatile
      activity. The transplants could be influenced by beta-receptor activating or
      blocking substances applied intravenously to the host animal. For morphological
      analysis homografts were taken 3, 6, and 12 months after transplantation.
      Irregular arrangement of the myofibers occurred, and the T system was seen to be
      replaced by plasmalemmal and sub-plasmalemmal vesiculations. There was some
      evidence for hypoxia in the grafts. Dedifferentiation of atrial cardiocytes,
      somehow resembling smooth muscle cells, is discussed. Despite these morphological
      changes the specific contractile function of the grafts was preserved.

PMID- 6360251
TI  - Immunoelectron microscopy of the bone marrow mononuclears labelling with rabbit
      anti-mouse brain serum using peroxidase-anti-peroxidase method.
AB  - Ultrastructural features of mouse bone marrow mononuclears (BMM) labelled with
      peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) complex using rabbit anti-mouse brain serum
      (RAMBS) and rabbit anti-mouse brain serum, absorbed with thymocytes (RAMBST) were
      investigated. After incubation of cells with RAMBST which have high activity
      against mouse pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells (CFUs) about 0.6% of BMM were
      labelled. According to their fine structure these cells were similar to those
      described earlier as presumptive pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (PHSC).
      After incubation with RAMBS 1.9% of BMM were labelled, including cells marked by
      RAMBST and typical small lymphocytes with ultrastructure of T-lymphocytes.

PMID- 6360253
TI  - Colorectal cancer: chemotherapy as surgical adjuvant treatment.
AB  - As we view our past accomplishments in chemotherapy of colorectal cancer, it
      would seem clear that none of our approaches for any stage of this disease can be
      regarded as optimal for clinical practice or even as having any established
      benefit. The use of chemotherapy in the routine clinical practice setting for
      this disease provides little or no value to the patient today and is a distinct
      disservice to the patient of tomorrow. Nevertheless, the failure of past
      accomplishment should not lead to therapeutic nihilism. The major human problem
      which this disease presents demands intensive and sophisticated clinical research
      efforts. It would also seem obvious that these efforts require coordination of
      all concerned disciplines. Such a team effort should include not only the
      surgeon, medical oncologist, and the radiation therapist but also the laboratory
      scientist. With integrated and concentrated effort, a foundation can be laid for
      realistic optimism regarding improvement in therapy for colorectal cancer in the
      years immediately ahead.

PMID- 6360252
TI  - Bone marrow cell dose and kinetics of recovery following allogeneic marrow
      transplantation in man.
AB  - In 50 patients transplanted for acute or chronic leukemia we studied the
      correlation between the number of infused bone marrow cells/kg recipient body
      weight and the time needed for engraftment. Engraftment was arbitrarily defined
      as the first day of 1 X 10(9) leukocytes/l and of 20 X 10(9) reticulocytes/l
      after the posttransplantation nadir. There is a negative non-linear correlation
      between the duration of leukopenia following marrow transplantation and the
      amount of transfused nucleated cells (p = 0.01). Since the incidence of
      infectious or hemorrhagic complications depends directly on the duration of
      aplasia it is justifiable to give a maximal cell dose.

PMID- 6360254
TI  - SpA-induced immunoglobulin production in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. I.
      Conditions of SpA-induced immunoglobulin production.

PMID- 6360255
TI  - Maxillo-facial surgical approach: an introduction and review of mandibular
      advancement.
AB  - Patients afflicted with obstructive hypersomnia sleep apnea (HSA) have been
      treated traditionally with permanent tracheostomy. More recently, an association
      between HSA and mandibular retrognathism has been noted. Several centers have
      reported rapid reversal of HSA symptoms in retrognathic patients after mandibular
      advancement. Their experiences are outlined; the anatomy and pathophysiology
      leading to obstructive HSA are reviewed, and the recommendations for evaluation
      and patient management are discussed.

PMID- 6360256
TI  - Nasal CPAP in obstructive sleep apnea: mechanisms of action.
AB  - Sixteen patients with the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) were studied
      for 1-2 h while receiving continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) delivered
      via a nasal mask. Obstructive apneas were obliterated in all. Eight patients had
      studies of genioglossal muscle activity (GG EMG) and one patient had computed
      tomograms (CT) of the upper airway while on nasal CPAP. The GG EMG studies showed
      two patterns: suppression and augmentation of GG EMG while on CPAP. The CT scan
      showed the airway to be narrowed while the patient was awake off CPAP. It
      returned to a normal caliber when CPAP was applied, despite sleep. These results
      are interpreted to suggest three potential mechanisms of action for nasal CPAP in
      OSAS: 1) reduced upper airway resistance due to prevention of sleep-induced
      collapse of the airway; 2) reduced upper airway resistance due to dilatation of
      the airway by nasal CPAP beyond its dimension in the awake state; and 3) possible
      stimulation of mechanoreceptors leading to an increase in airway tone while CPAP
      is applied.

PMID- 6360257
TI  - The role of protriptyline in obstructive sleep apnea.
AB  - Protriptyline, a non-sedating tricyclic agent, was evaluated in a double blind
      drug-placebo crossover trial in five obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
      Four of the five patients had improvement in somnolence. Protriptyline improved
      oxygenation. This seemed related primarily to a reduction (from 23% to 11%) in
      REM, with fewer of the more severe REM apneas. Arousal frequency remained quite
      high; thus the reason for the reduction in somnolence remains unclear. In three
      patients, at six months the improvement in clinical status and oxygenation
      persisted. We have now attempted long term treatment in nine patients. In five,
      anticholinergic side-effects necessitated stopping therapy. Four patients
      continue to do well. A trial of protriptyline is thus indicated in treatment of
      mild to moderate obstructive apnea or when the patient refuses more invasive
      treatment.

PMID- 6360258
TI  - L-tryptophan in the treatment of impaired respiration in sleep.
AB  - 15 subjects (mean age: 48.2 yr; 13 males, 2 females) with sleep apnea (12
      obstructive, 3 central) were treated with an average dose of 2500 mg L-tryptophan
      (L-T) at bedtime. Comparison of pre- and post-drug polysomnograms showed
      significant improvement in obstructive sleep apnea but not with central sleep
      apnea. Most dramatic improvement is seen in subjects with obstructive sleep apnea
      in non-REM sleep only, but severity of apnea appears to be the most important
      factor determining improvement. L-T increased REM time and shortened REM latency
      but had no other significant effects on sleep architecture. Serotoninergic
      activity with a defect in feedback control of tryptophan-serotonin metabolism is
      postulated as a potential mechanism in the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep
      apnea. The enhanced usefulness of L-T in combination with protriptyline is
      predicted based on early preliminary work at the OSU Sleep Center. The Potential
      influence of dietary intake on respiratory automaticity is reviewed.

PMID- 6360259
TI  - Naloxone, theophylline, bromocriptine, and obstructive sleep apnea. Negative
      results.
AB  - A total of 28 male patients objectively diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea
      syndrome (OSAS) participated in specific drug trials involving naloxone (an
      opioid antagonist), theophylline and bromocriptine mesylate (a dopamine agonist).
      All subjects were between 15 and 40% overweight. The group median apnea-hypopnea
      (A + H) index was 58. None of the drugs had any significant beneficial effects on
      the number and duration of upper airway apneas and hypopneas or directly related
      oxygen desaturation. Theophylline increased the diaphragmatic activity during REM
      sleep-related mixed apnea but had no impact on upper airway apnea in the studied
      population.

PMID- 6360261
TI  - [Short-term chemotherapy. Controlled clinical trials in Chile].

PMID- 6360260
TI  - [Gastroesophageal reflux and pulmonary disease].
AB  - Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a functional entity which is defined as "the
      involuntary reflux of the gastric contents in the oesophagus, without vomiting
      and without the involvement of either the gastric, abdominal or diaphragmatic
      muscles". It is therefore a question of a syndrome which is independent of the
      anatomical abnormalities in the cardio-tuberositic region (i.e. hiatal hernia).
      It may also show itself through digestive symptoms, thoracic pains, ENT symptoms
      and breathing complications. The presence of the latter has been clearly
      established in certain circumstances: --in infants, GER can cause obstructive
      apneas, which are responsible for sudden inexplicable deaths (SID): GER and SID
      have very similar epidemiological characteristics; polygraphic recordings showed
      that a reflux may immediately precede the onset of obstructive apnea; the
      instillation of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid in the oesophagus of children with GER
      causes an apnea. Medical or surgical treatment of the reflux prevents the
      recurrence of these accidents; --in adults, and older children, GER is
      responsible for coughs, recurring bronchopneumopathies and asthma; long-term
      recordings of the oesophageal pH have proved that there is a time-relationship
      between the two events. Scintigraphic studies have shown the pulmonary
      contamination by a radioactive isotope placed in the stomach the previous
      evening. GER has been equally suspected for conditions such as lung abscess,
      bronchiectasis and hemoptysis, but here it is more difficult to prove. With
      certain pulmonary fibroses, histological lesions have been compared with those
      observed during inhalation bronchopneumopathies, but it is difficult to establish
      a link with a reflux; --functional respiratory studies have not produced a
      specific functional entity for patients with GER; --careful medical treatment or
      surgical correction of GER lead to the sedation of respiratory symptoms (RS) in
      the majority of cases; --the association frequency of a GER and of RS is
      difficult to establish because of the diversity of the means of diagnosis
      employed in the past and also because of the heterogeneity of the studied
      populations, but the frequency is nevertheless high, indeed significantly higher
      than the prevalence of GER in the general population. The mechanisms which link
      GER and RS are not well known: first of all, there is the failure of normal
      antireflux mechanisms and also certain hormonal, alimentary (coffee, alcohol,
      tobacco, etc.) and therapeutic (theophylline, betamimetics) factors, which
      facilitate the reflux.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6360262
TI  - [Results of planned treatment of tuberculosis, under field conditions, with a
      therapeutic regimen consisting of isoniazid, rifampicin and streptomycin].

PMID- 6360263
TI  - [Controlled clinical trial of a 3-month regimen and 2 5-month regimens in the
      treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. 2d study of the short-term treatment
      administered in Madras].

PMID- 6360264
TI  - Computed insulin profiles for normalization of glycemia in diabetic patients.

PMID- 6360265
TI  - Valinomycin inhibition of the electrical activity of mouse pancreatic beta-cells.
AB  - The effect of the K-ionophore valinomycin (VAL) on the electrical activity of
      single mouse pancreatic beta-cells was measured using the glass micro-electrode
      technique. In the presence of 11.1 mM glucose, after 4 min of exposure to 10 nM
      VAL the spike activity was abolished, bursts became irregular and after 10 min
      the membrane hyperpolarized 4 mV. The electrical activity was completely blocked
      by 100 nM VAL within 3 min and the membrane hyperpolarization averaged 10 mV. The
      effect of VAL was irreversible. VAL (100 nM) also inhibited the electrical
      activity induced by 11.1 mM glucose plus 10 mM tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA),
      a specific blocker of the voltage sensitive PK. Total inhibition was observed 6-7
      min after VAL addition and the cell hyperpolarized 14 mV. With the simultaneous
      application of 10 mM TEA and 100 microM quinine, a specific blocker of the
      [Ca2+]i-dependent PK, in the presence of 16.7 mM glucose, the membrane showed
      continuous activity and progressive depolarization from -45 to -5 mV within 23
      min. The subsequent addition of 100 nM VAL also hyperpolarized the cell, with the
      membrane potential reaching -17 mV after 7 min. On the basis of these data, we
      suggest that VAL affects the glucose-dependent depolarization of the beta-cell
      membrane by increasing K+ permeability.

PMID- 6360266
TI  - Analysis of cell populations in crescentic glomerulonephritis.
AB  - The cell types present in the crescents were studied in 5 human patients with
      crescentic glomerulonephritis: two cases of systemic lupus erythematosus, one
      case of hemolytic uremic syndrome and two cases of rapidly progressive
      glomerulonephritis. Frozen sections of renal biopsies were studied by
      immunofluorescence, using murine monoclonal antibodies (orthoclones) against
      specific antigens on the membrane of human peripheral blood cells, and by
      histochemical methods. Monocytes (OKM1+, OKIa+ cells) but no lymphocytes (OKT+
      cells), were detected in the crescentic glomeruli. Subsets of T lymphocytes
      (inducer-helper and cytotoxic-suppressor) were detected in the interstitium. Non
      specific esterase-positive cells were observed in the glomeruli and in small
      numbers in the crescents. Fibrinogen deposits were present in the crescents of
      four of the five cases studied. No immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) or complement
      (C1q, C3) deposits were detected in the crescents. Fibrinogen, immunoglobulins
      and complement were present in the glomerular tufts.

PMID- 6360267
TI  - Antibody titers to Toxoplasma gondii in renal transplant patients.
AB  - Of 70 renal transplant patients submitted to the indirect immunofluorescence
      reaction test for toxoplasmosis, 16 (23%) had titers higher than 1/4,000, as
      compared to 0/41 for chronic hemodialysis patients and 0/50 for blood donors. The
      indirect immunofluorescence reaction titers in the renal transplant patients
      correlated with time since initiation of immunosuppressive therapy. Six percent
      (2/33) of the patients had been on immunosuppressors for less than one year,
      30.7% (4/13) for 1 to 2 years, and 41.6% (10/24) for 2 or more years. The
      frequency of negative titers among the immunosuppressed patients was similar to
      that observed for blood donors and chronic hemodialysis patients. Fifty percent
      (8/16) of the patients with higher immunofluorescence reaction titers also had
      significantly high (greater than or equal to 320) positive titers in the
      complement fixation test. The results indicate that: 1) the immunosuppressive
      scheme used for the transplant patients may favor the reactivation of infection
      from latent Toxoplasma gondii foci, and 2) even though the patients were
      immunosuppressed, their antitoxoplasma antibody levels were high enough to be
      detected by the serologic test.

PMID- 6360268
TI  - Effect of positive pressure breathing on plasma antidiuretic hormone and renal
      function in dogs.
AB  - The effect of intermittent mechanical ventilation and positive end-expiratory
      pressure on plasma antidiuretic hormone concentration was determined in 14
      pentobarbital anesthetized dogs. The study was divided into a control period
      (spontaneous respiration), and two consecutive 30 and 60 min periods after the
      start of controlled respiration: Group I - intermittent positive breathing
      (IPPB); Group II - positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) with 5 cm H2O. A
      decrease in urinary flow (36.9%) was observed during end-expiratory pressure
      breathing. An increase in plasma antidiuretic hormone in group II from 4.5 +/-
      2.4 to 24.6 +/- 16.0 pg/ml (P less than 0.01) was associated with a significant
      reduction of free water clearance from 1.2 +/- 0.6 to 0.3 +/- 0.4 ml/min and an
      increase of the urine/plasma osmolality ratio (143%, P less than 0.05). The
      decrease in urinary output and concurrent reduction of urinary sodium excretion
      also suggest an influence of the fall in glomerular filtration rate and renal
      plasma flow on renal function. IPPB only reduced total Na+ and K+ excretion.
      These results indicate that the mechanisms underlying the renal response to
      positive end-expiratory pressure breathing may be due to an increase in
      antidiuretic hormone plasma levels leading to a fall in urinary flow and in part
      to a decrease in sodium excretion.

PMID- 6360269
TI  - Discrete telencephalic lesions accelerate the habituation rate of behavioral
      arousal responses in Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens).
AB  - Stereotaxic electrolytic lesions were made in the dorsomedial telencephalic area,
      laterally to the dorsal commissure, in male Siamese Fighting Fish (Betta
      splendens). The startle and orienting responses to regularly delivered taps on
      the side of the aquarium were recorded for lesioned, sham-operated and unoperated
      groups. Lesioned fish showed increased reactivity to environmental modifications,
      including tonic immobility and changes in body color. Although no changes in the
      arousal responses were detected, the lesioned fish showed an increased frequency
      of startle responses and habituated to the orienting responses faster than sham
      operated and unoperated animals. The long-term inter-session retention of
      habituation was also decreased. The effects observed are the opposite of those
      obtained after complete or unilateral telencephalic ablation in teleosts and
      suggest the existence of antagonic telencephalic systems playing a modulatory
      role in arousal control.

PMID- 6360270
TI  - Tailoring MEDLINE searches.

PMID- 6360271
TI  - [Will apoproteins dethrone lipids in the study of the etiology of atherosclerosis
      and other diseases?].

PMID- 6360272
TI  - [Discovery in the central nervous system and the hypophysis of peptide hormones
      solely known in the digestive system: peptides of the gastrin-cholecystokinin
      family].

PMID- 6360274
TI  - Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.

PMID- 6360273
TI  - The newer insulins.

PMID- 6360275
TI  - Sleep-disordered breathing.

PMID- 6360276
TI  - The role of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the feline response to intravenous infusion of
      live E. coli.
AB  - A standardized septic shock was induced in cats by intravenous infusion of a live
      E. coli bacteria strain. The bacterial infusion induced a rapid haemodynamic
      response characterized mainly by a pulmonary arterial hypertension and a late
      phase characterized by systemic hypotension and hypodynamic circulation. Systemic
      arterial, pulmonary arterial, portal venous, left atrial pressures, max
      inspiratory-expiratory pressure difference in the trachea, aortic and intestinal
      blood flows were monitored. Arterial blood samples were taken for recording the
      number of circulating platelets and white blood cells and for determining the
      acid-base balance. The effect of pretreatment with ketanserin, a specific 5
      hydroxytryptamine2 (5-HT2)-receptor blocker on these haemodynamic reactions was
      studied. In short term experiments on non-bacteriaemic control cats, ketanserin
      prevented the pulmonary hypertension induced by intravenous 5-HT infusions but
      not the increase in intestinal blood flow. Ketanserin induced a reduction of
      total peripheral (including intestinal) vascular resistance to blood flow but had
      no effect on aortic blood flow. After infusion of bacteria, ketanserin pretreated
      cats were more hypotensive due to a relative peripheral dilatation of the
      resistance vessels. Ketanserin pretreatment had no effect on the pulmonary
      vascular reactions, the tracheal pressure difference or the number of circulating
      platelets or white blood cells. Thus, except for a more pronounced hypotension
      early after bacterial infusion, ketanserin pretreatment did not influence the
      haemodynamic response. It is concluded that 5-HT is not of significant importance
      in the pathogenesis of the haemodynamic reactions following experimental
      bacteraemia.

PMID- 6360278
TI  - Vitamin C increases the formation of prostacyclin by aortic rings from various
      species and neutralizes the inhibitory effect of 15-hydroperoxy-arachidonic acid.
AB  - Aortic rings from rats, rabbits and guinea-pigs produce different amounts of 6
      oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-oxo-PGF1 alpha), the stable breakdown product of
      prostacyclin, i.e. 2760 +/- 195, 160 +/- 10 and 87 +/- 17 pg 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha per
      mg wet weight in 30 min. Vitamin C enhances the production of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha by
      the aortic tissue of these three species, independent of their basal release.
      This increase was only significant if vitamin C was present in the preincubation
      as well as in the incubation fluid. 15-Hydroperoxy-arachidonic acid inhibits the
      production of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha (IC50:6 microM) and this inhibitory effect was
      completely neutralized by vitamin C. The increased production of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha
      is not due to an increased release of the substrate arachidonic acid. It is
      suggested that vitamin C enhances the formation of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha by protecting
      the cyclo-oxygenase and PGI-synthase.

PMID- 6360277
TI  - Nobel lecture, 8th December 1982. Adventures and excursions in bioassay: the
      stepping stones to prostacyclin.

PMID- 6360279
TI  - Central nervous system effects of arachidonic acid, PGE2, PGF2 alpha, PGD2 and
      PGI2 on gastric secretion in the rat.
AB  - The effects of arachidonic acid, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), PGF2 alpha, PGD2 and
      PGI2 on gastric secretion (acid, pepsin and volume) after intracerebroventricular
      administration were investigated in conscious, pylorus-ligated rats. Arachidonic
      acid 30-1000 micrograms had no effect on gastric secretion. PGE2 3 and 10
      micrograms, reduced gastric secretion as measured 1 hour after injection,
      although the inhibition induced by 3 micrograms disappeared by 2 h. PGF2 alpha 10
      and 30 micrograms, inhibited gastric secretion as measured after 1 h, whereas no
      change was observed in the gastric contents collected 2 h after 10 micrograms of
      PGF2 alpha. Intramuscular injection of 30 micrograms of PGF2 alpha had no effect
      on gastric secretion. Intracerebroventricular administration of 1-30 micrograms
      of PGD2 or PGI2 had no effect on gastric secretion. The results indicate that
      PGE2 and PGF2 alpha have a potent central antisecretory action in conscious,
      pylorus-ligated rats, whereas arachidonic acid, PGD2 and PGI2 do not have any
      central effects on gastric secretion. It is suggested that PGE2 and PGF2 alpha
      may be involved in the central nervous system control of gastric secretion.

PMID- 6360280
TI  - The effect of a selective 5-HT2 antagonist, ketanserin, on the pulmonary
      responses to Escherichia coli endotoxin.
AB  - 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, 5-160 microgram kg-1) injected intravenously in
      pentobarbitone-anaesthetized, open-chest cats caused dose-dependent increases in
      pulmonary arterial and intratracheal pressures. There was also a marked systemic
      hypotension and bradycardia. The pulmonary effects were completely prevented by
      ketanserin (0.2 mg kg-1), a selective 5-HT2 blocking drug. Ketanserin (0.2 mg kg
      1) itself lowered arterial pressure (by 30-40 mmHg) but this systemic hypotension
      was relatively transient. Endotoxin (E. coli) administration resulted in
      pulmonary hypertension, increases in intratracheal pressure and airways
      resistance and reductions in lung compliance and in arterial PO2. Only the
      airways resistance response was modified by ketanserin (0.2 mg kg-1), suggesting
      a relatively unimportant role for 5-HT in mediating the acute, pulmonary effects
      of endotoxin in this species. The reductions in arterial (mixed venous) pH and in
      PO2 that resulted from endotoxin administration were not affected by pretreatment
      with ketanserin.

PMID- 6360281
TI  - Conversion of prostacyclin to 6 oxo prostaglandin E1 by rat, rabbit, guinea-pig
      and human platelets.
AB  - The enzymatic catabolism of prostacyclin (PGI2) to 6 oxo prostaglandin E1 (6 oxo
      PGE1) was studied in platelet-rich and platelet-poor-plasma of rat, rabbit,
      guinea-pig and man. Rat, rabbit and human platelets convert PGI2 to a product
      with biological activity and thin layer chromatographic mobility identical to
      that of authentic 6 oxo PGE1. Platelets from these species also converted 9 beta
      [3H]-PGI2 to non-radioactive 6 oxo PGE1 as shown by the progressive loss of
      extracted radioactivity following incubation. Formation of 6 oxo PGE1 was
      inhibited by the flavonoid drugs, rutin and naringenin. Guinea-pig platelets did
      not convert PGI2 to 6 oxo PGE1. Rat, rabbit and guinea-pig platelets do not
      spontaneously release a 6 oxo PGE1-like substance when incubated at 37 degrees C
      in the absence of added PGI2 or aggregating agents. The relevance of these
      findings to the possible physiological and pathophysiological roles of 6 oxo PGE1
      in the regulation of platelet function is discussed.

PMID- 6360282
TI  - Cyclofenil treatment of scleroderma--a controlled study.
AB  - A double-blind cross-over study of cyclofenil and placebo treatments was
      conducted in 11 scleroderma patients. Each treatment period was for four months.
      A range of subjective and objective measurements failed to reveal any consistent
      or obvious response to cyclofenil. One patient died of his disease during active
      treatment. Four were withdrawn because of liver dysfunction which was attributed
      to cyclofenil. It remains to be seen whether treatment over longer periods will
      exert a clinically significant effect.

PMID- 6360283
TI  - Historical perspectives in the aetiology of ankylosing spondylitis.
AB  - A brief historical review of the aetiology of ankylosing spondylitis is
      presented. A recurrent theme has been diathesis and infection. Diathesis has now
      been pinpointed to the 6th chromosome in the form of HLA-B27, but, as yet, we
      know little of any infective aetiology for ankylosing spondylitis itself.

PMID- 6360284
TI  - Clinical aspects of juvenile and adult ankylosing spondylitis.
AB  - Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a heterogeneous and systemic rheumatic disorder
      that is characterized primarily by inflammation of the spine and sacroiliac
      joints. Consequently, back pain is a frequent presenting complaint although the
      disease can begin with peripheral arthritis as well as acute anterior uveitis.
      Unlike men, however, women appear to have milder or atypical AS that may go
      unrecognized for years. Moreover, the presentation in children rests on the
      recognition of two distinct subgroups that may be indistinguishable from juvenile
      chronic polyarthritis. The more frequent subgroup includes primarily teenage boys
      who present initially with an asymmetric peripheral pauciarthritis that most
      often affects lower-limb joints. Only some years later does sacroiliitis evolve,
      and, much later still, back complaints or other clinical and radiographic
      features typical of AS. A second subgroup includes mostly girls with a
      polyarticular onset that is subsequently characterized by cervical fusion,
      micrognathia, acute anterior uveitis, sacroiliitis, spondylitis, and rheumatoid
      like hands that persist into adulthood.

PMID- 6360285
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to HLA-B27.
AB  - Because HLA-B27 is such an important genetic marker for susceptibility to
      spondyloarthropathies and other related diseases, study of this alloantigen was
      undertaken using murine monoclonal antibodies. The first monoclonal anti-B27
      antibody, B27M1, is an IgG2a lymphocytotoxic antibody that reacts with all B27
      antigens and cross-reacts to a lesser degree with the B7 antigen. Cross
      reactivity with B7 is attributed to a B27-like epitope on the B7 antigen but
      which, as determined by cytotoxicity blocking studies, is distinct from the B7
      allospecific epitope itself. The second B27 monoclonal antibody, B27M2, is a
      lymphocytotoxic IgM antibody reacting with most (greater than 85%) but not all of
      B27 antigens tested and having no cross-reactivity with B7. As determined by
      cytotoxicity blocking studies, the B27M2 epitope appears near the allospecific
      B27 epitope and the B27M1 epitope on the B27 antigen molecule. Immunochemical
      studies reveal isoelectric point and size differences between the B27M2+ and the
      B27M2- variants of HLA-B27. Based on these data, a model is proposed for the B27
      antigen in which a B27M1 epitope is constant but the B27M2 epitope is present on
      the B27 antigen of some individuals and absent from that of others. B27M1
      antibody reactivity does not appear to be associated with unusual disease
      susceptibility but preliminary data suggest the B27M2- variant of B27 may be more
      strongly associated with ankylosing spondylitis.

PMID- 6360286
TI  - Clinical aspects of Reiter's disease.
AB  - The clinical manifestations and results of investigations in a series of 221
      patients diagnosed as suffering from Reiter's disease are described in detail.
      Attention is drawn to the very varied natural history of the disease, the relapse
      rate of 60% and the development of serious complications and disability in young
      people. The failure to establish the cause of the condition or to unravel its
      relationship to nonspecific urethritis and bacillary dysentery contrasts with the
      reported presence of the human leucocyte antigen HLA-B27 in 76% of patients.
      There is no curative treatment but symptomatic treatment will relieve pain and
      stiffness and may shorten the duration of individual attacks. Prolonged follow-up
      of established cases, monitoring of activity of the disease by regular
      measurements of the erythrocyte sedimentation test and prompt treatment of
      relapses may prevent the development of serious locomotor disability.

PMID- 6360287
TI  - Chlamydia and Reiter's syndrome.
AB  - The role of Chlamydia trachomatis in Reiter's syndrome (RS) is reviewed.
      Chlamydia is an obligate, intracellular parasite which can be isolated from
      urethral smears in 36% of patients with RS. Two separate surveys carried out on
      RS patients in France, in 1977-78 and in 1982-83 showed that antibodies to C.
      trachomatis could be detected by a microimmunofluorescence test in 55% and 64% of
      subjects, respectively, and this is significantly higher than the levels found in
      rheumatoid or healthy controls. Further studies are indicated to evaluate the
      role of Chlamydia in RS.

PMID- 6360288
TI  - Pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis and related disorders: future
      perspectives.
AB  - A review mainly based on Norwegian cases of ankylosing spondylitis and allied
      disorders is given. This concludes that it is a question of one or more syndromes
      which may frequently overlap. It is suggested that a clinical descriptive name
      like ankylosing spondylitis for the whole group may be misleading since the
      symptoms are so variable. The conditions are due to genetically determined
      patterns of reactions caused by different trigger mechanisms.

PMID- 6360289
TI  - HLA-B27 in clinical medicine--historical reflections on the discovery of the
      disease association.

PMID- 6360290
TI  - Urogenital syndromes and spondarthritis.
AB  - During the last 50 years there has been an obvious change in the relationship
      between Reiter's syndrome and spondarthritis, probably due to the introduction of
      antibiotics. Postgonorrhoeic prostatovesiculitis was formerly common: Romanus'
      spondylitics in the 1940s had a history of gonorrhoea in 35% of cases and 50% of
      my patients with chronic uro-arthritis in the 1950s had had gonorrhoea.
      Urogenital syndromes nowadays rarely develop into ankylosing spondylitis; on the
      other hand, sacroiliitis is still a rather common late sequela, especially in
      females, however often asymptomatic. The HLA-B27 tissue type is much less
      frequent in the urogenital syndromes than in ankylosing spondylitis. Accordingly
      one may postulate that patients with HLA-B27 negative sacroiliitis run a small
      risk that the disease will progress to ankylosing spondylitis.

PMID- 6360292
TI  - Klebsiella-induced LIF response in Klebsiella infection and ankylosing
      spondylitis.
AB  - Lymphocyte transformation and leucocyte migration inhibition was studied in
      Klebsiella-sensitized patients, ankylosing spondylitis patients and healthy
      controls. The results show that mononuclear cells from ankylosing spondylitis
      patients respond more vigorously to Klebsiella, one of the 'trigger' bacteria,
      than do mononuclear cells from healthy persons, either with or without HLA-B27.

PMID- 6360291
TI  - Yersinia reactive arthritis.
AB  - A review of Yersinia reactive arthritis is presented with a description of
      clinical manifestations and immunological features. The pathogenesis of the
      reactive lesion has so far not been resolved since no conclusive data on the
      existence or nonexistence of Yersinia antigens in the inflamed joints have been
      reported. It does not appear that Yersinia is involved in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6360293
TI  - A clinical trial of automatic gain control in obstetric ultrasonics.

PMID- 6360294
TI  - A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (flurbiprofen) to control idiopathic
      hypercalciuria resistant to dietary manipulation.
AB  - Twenty-three calcium stone formers with idiopathic hypercalciuria were entered
      into an open study to examine the effects of flurbiprofen (Froben) on urinary
      calcium excretion. Five patients were withdrawn because of side effects. A
      statistically significant reduction in urinary calcium excretion was noted after
      2 (P = 0.004) and 6 (P = 0.001) weeks' treatment. There was a significant
      increase in urinary calcium excretion after stopping the treatment (P = 0.0006).
      The results suggest that flurbiprofen reduces calcium excretion in the urine but
      the high incidence of side effects may limit its use in routine treatment of
      hypercalciuria.

PMID- 6360295
TI  - Mazindol in the control of micturition.
AB  - The appetite suppressant mazindol has been compared with a placebo in the control
      of incontinence in a double-blind cross-over trial. Twenty-five patients were
      entered; 4 were withdrawn for protocol violations. The underlying diagnoses were
      determined; 19 had stable detrusors and 6 unstable. Seventeen patients made a
      complete response to mazindol for a 68% overall response rate.

PMID- 6360296
TI  - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the normal and unstable bladder.
AB  - The possible involvement in idiopathic detrusor instability of a newly discovered
      type of autonomic nerve containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) has
      been studied. Immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay, using specific antibodies
      against VIP, were carried out on 20 biopsy specimens from the bladders of
      patients with detrusor instability and 20 specimens from control patients. The
      concentration of VIP in the unstable bladders was found to be markedly reduced
      from 36.52 +/- 4.8 pmol/g (mean +/- SEM) to 7.62 +/- 1.84 pmol/g (P less than
      0.01). The number of VIP immunoreactive nerves was greatly decreased in all of
      the layers but particularly in the muscle layer of the unstable bladder in
      comparison with the controls. These findings may provide important information
      about the mechanism of this disorder.

PMID- 6360297
TI  - A trial comparing the Stamey bladder neck suspension procedure with
      colposuspension for the treatment of stress incontinence.
AB  - Fifty-one women with urodynamically proven genuine stress incontinence were
      alternately allocated to either colposuspension or a Stamey-type bladder neck
      suspension. One year after operation 89% of the patients who had had a
      colposuspension were subjectively cured and 73% were objectively normal. In the
      Stamey procedure group these figures were 76 and 40% respectively. The Stamey
      procedure is a quicker, simpler and a lesser procedure but has a higher incidence
      of post-operative voiding difficulties and residual urge symptoms.
      Colposuspension is to be preferred for the younger, healthier patient. The Stamey
      procedure is useful in the elderly, obese or unfit patient or the patient who has
      had multiple previous surgical attempts at a cure.

PMID- 6360298
TI  - A controlled trial of otis urethrotomy.
AB  - Otis urethrotomy is an empirical procedure when used in the treatment of
      recurrent urinary tract infection and the urethral syndrome. Sixty-four female
      patients were randomised into two treatment groups. One group had cystoscopy
      alone and the other cystoscopy and Otis urethrotomy. The patients were assessed
      pre-operatively and at 6 weeks after surgery both symptomatically and by
      urodynamic testing. There was no significant difference in the results obtained
      in the two groups. We conclude that Otis urethrotomy has no advantage in the
      routine treatment of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms.

PMID- 6360299
TI  - Prophylactic drainage of colonic anastomoses.

PMID- 6360301
TI  - Eversion technique for distal mucosal proctectomy in ulcerative colitis: a
      preliminary report.
AB  - A technique is described for assisting the performance of distal mucosal
      proctectomy in ulcerative colitis by peranal eversion of the lower rectum. The
      ease, accuracy and expedition of the mucosal excision have been impressive. In 9
      of 16 patients having this procedure as part of an ileo-anal anastomosis (with a
      pelvic ileal reservoir) the functional results seemed to be similar to those
      obtained in 14 patients submitted to the same operation but with an endocavitary
      technique of rectal mucosectomy.

PMID- 6360300
TI  - The evaluation of low dose pre-operative X-ray therapy in the management of
      operable rectal cancer; results of a randomly controlled trial.
AB  - 824 patients with operable rectal carcinoma were randomly allocated to be treated
      by surgery alone, 2000 rad in 10 daily fractions and 500 rad as a single
      fraction. No difference has been demonstrated in the actuarial survival rates to
      5 years. The local recurrence-free and metastasis-free rates are similar in all
      groups. There is also no evidence that the pre-operative radiotherapy benefited
      patients in subgroups by Dukes' stage. The complication rates were also similar
      in the three treatment groups.

PMID- 6360302
TI  - 'Bullet embolism' to the popliteal artery following air rifle injury of the
      thoracic aorta.

PMID- 6360303
TI  - Early results of surgery in patients considered cimetidine failures.
AB  - Fifty-two consecutive unselected duodenal ulcer patients (Group I), who had
      failed to respond to cimetidine and who subsequently underwent elective vagotomy
      and drainage, were studied. All patients were symptomatic on cimetidine in full
      recommended dosage. This group has been compared with another group of 634
      duodenal ulcer patients (Group 2) undergoing elective vagotomy and drainage in
      the 'pre-cimetidine era'. The groups were similar pre-operatively with regard to
      age, sex, length of history and maximal acid output. Completeness of vagotomy and
      amount of acid reduction were similar in the two groups. The incidence of
      recurrent ulceration was 5 per cent in Group I and 5.7 per cent in Group 2.
      Although, of necessity, follow-up is shorter in the cimetidine failures (mean 2.3
      years), there is nothing to suggest that failure to respond to cimetidine
      precludes a satisfactory surgical result.

PMID- 6360304
TI  - Diagnosis of ovarian acyclicity in lactating dairy cows and evaluation of
      treatment with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone or a progesterone-releasing
      intravaginal device.

PMID- 6360305
TI  - The correlation between tremor characteristics and the predicted volume of
      effective lesions in stereotaxic nucleus ventralis intermedius thalamotomy.
AB  - In 51 cases (6 cases with bilateral operations) with various kinds of tremor,
      stereotaxic ventralis intermedius (Vim) thalamotomies were performed using
      Leksell's apparatus and the results of operation evaluated. Several
      characteristics of the tremor, including clinical features and EMG, were
      correlated with the assumed location and volume of the coagulative lesion. In 54
      of the 57 operations, the thalamic Vim nucleus was identified physiologically and
      a therapeutic lesion placed at a site that included the Vim neurons. In all these
      cases, except one in which the lesion was estimated to be too small, tremor was
      immediately abolished by a relatively small lesion. The estimated volume of the
      lesion was about 40 to 200 mm3 and the effect persisted over a long follow-up
      period (maximum ten years). The size of the lesion that was necessary apparently
      depended on several features of the tremor. A larger lesion was required in cases
      of movement type tremor, tremor with a low rate (less than 4 Hz), tremor of high
      amplitude (more than 600 microV), and tremor involving proximal muscles or with a
      wide distribution. Tremor following a cerebrovascular lesion and post-traumatic
      tremor were characterized by coarse oscillation (high amplitude and low
      frequency) involving proximal muscles. A relatively larger coagulative lesion was
      therefore necessary to relieve this type of tremor. In contrast, parkinsonian and
      essential tremor were usually of low amplitude and distal in distribution. For
      the relief of such tremor, the lesion could be very small: if aided by
      electrophysiological methods to identify Vim neurons, the minimal effective
      volume of the lesion was estimated as about 40 mm3 and restricted to the Vim
      nucleus. Based on these results, the importance of the Vim nucleus in tremor
      mechanisms is discussed.

PMID- 6360306
TI  - Stereotaxic thalamotomy in 55 cases of dystonia.
AB  - The results of stereotaxic thalamotomy in 55 cases of dystonia are presented. The
      16 cases with generalized dystonia were of varied pathogenesis, only 7 being
      typical of the idiopathic form of adolescent onset. Four of the 16 cases
      benefited considerably, but the others showed little or no lasting improvement.
      These results are in contrast to those obtained by Cooper (1976). Of the 27 cases
      with segmental or focal dystonia, 22 had spasmodic torticollis; 16 of these had
      bilateral thalamotomies, and 62 per cent were much improved. The incidence of
      operative complications, in particular dysarthria, was high following bilateral
      lesions. The incidence of hemiparesis, known to have persisted for more than a
      year, was 15 per cent. This complication was as frequent in those with unilateral
      as with bilateral thalamotomies. The incidence of dysarthria in those without
      preoperative bulbar dystonia was much higher in those who had bilateral lesions
      (56 per cent) as compared with those who had unilateral lesions (11 per cent).
      The group that has been identified as benefiting greatly from stereotaxic surgery
      comprises those with hemidystonia following unilateral brain damage. In these
      patients, symptomatic improvement in abnormal movement is striking and the
      incidence of operative side effects from unilateral lesions is low.

PMID- 6360307
TI  - Catecholaminergic influences on motion sickness.
AB  - The evidence for possible roles of catecholamines in motion sickness is reviewed.
      l-Dopa is implicated in that it is the precursor to catecholaminergic
      neurotransmitters. Dopamine may have a role in stimulating motion sickness,
      though much basic information is lacking. Epinephrine may have a stimulatory
      role, since anatomical, pharmacological and physiological evidence is consistent
      with such a role. Norepinephrine probably inhibits motion sickness, as indicated
      by anatomical, physiological and pharmacological evidence. Information is missing
      that is critical to the understanding of the roles of each neurotransmitter in
      motion sickness.

PMID- 6360308
TI  - Modulation of action potential during the late slow excitatory postsynaptic
      potential in bullfrog sympathetic ganglia.
AB  - The spike peak and after-hyperpolarization of the action potential of bullfrog
      sympathetic ganglion cells were depressed during the late slow excitatory
      postsynaptic potential (EPSP). These changes in the action potential were
      mimicked by luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH), a neurotransmitter
      candidate for the late slow EPSP. LH-RH (5 microM) suppressed the voltage
      dependent K+ currents, both the delayed rectifier K+ current (IK1) and the M
      current (IK2). It is suggested that the depression of the after-hyperpolarization
      of the action potential during the late slow EPSP may be due to suppression of
      IK1 and IK2.

PMID- 6360309
TI  - Enrichment of differentiated, stellate astrocytes in cerebellar interneuron
      cultures as studied by GFAP immunofluorescence and autoradiographic uptake
      patterns with [3H]D-aspartate and [3H]GABA.
AB  - A study was undertaken to correlate the morphology expressed by astroglial cells
      in post-natal cerebellar, interneuron-enriched primary cultures, and the ability
      of these cells to accumulate putative neurotransmitter amino acids. Astroglial
      cell morphology, as studied by GFAP immunofluorescence staining showed
      considerable changes during the culture period considered (up to 12 days in
      vitro). While the total number of GFAP-positive cells decreased with time (cell
      multiplication was prevented by cytosine arabinoside), a progressive enrichment
      of stellate astrocytes (cells bearing multiple radially arranged processes) and a
      striking increase in size of these cells was noted. In 12 DIV cultures stellate
      astrocytes accounted for 70-80% of the astrocytes present, and could reach a
      diameter of over 300 micron. The L-glutamate analogue, [3H]D-aspartate, was
      avidly taken up by all the astrocytes, independently of their shape and stage of
      differentiation. Astroglial cell morphology as delineated by [3H]D-aspartate
      autoradiography was identical to that evidenced by GFAP staining. On the other
      hand, [3H]GABA was accumulated in substantial amounts only by the stellate
      astrocytes, that is by the cells showing greater morphological differentiation.
      Astrocytes of other shapes were only lightly labelled by [3H]GABA in 2 DIV and 5
      DIV cultures, and even less at later stages. Even within the stellate astrocyte
      population, the extent of [3H]GABA labelling was very variable, from one cell to
      another. Autoradiographic examinations and the determination of the IC50s for
      GABA uptake inhibitors consistently indicated that the GABA transport system
      present in stellate astrocytes did not have the features generally attributed to
      a glial transport system. In fact, beta-alanine was a very weak inhibitor, while
      nipecotic acid and ACHC were strongly inhibitory; DABA inhibitory potency fell
      somewhere in between. [3H]GABA uptake into the inhibitory interneurons present in
      the cultures showed similar sensitivity to GABA transport inhibitors.

PMID- 6360310
TI  - Cerebellar astroglial cells in primary culture: expression of different
      morphological appearances and different ability to take up [3H]D-aspartate and
      [3H]GABA.
AB  - In non-neuronal cultures of cells dissociated from postnatal rat cerebellum
      astrocytes, identified by the presence of the marker protein glial fibrillary
      acidic protein (GFAP), displayed two distinct morphological forms. One class was
      stellate in shape with radially distributed fine processes, while the other class
      was more varied in shape being polygonal or elongate. [3H]thymidine incorporation
      experiments revealed that cells of both morphologies were able to incorporate
      this nucleoside, suggesting the capacity for both cell types to undergo cell
      division. An autoradiographic study of the uptake of [3H]D-aspartate and [3H]GABA
      revealed that whilst the two classes of astrocytes took up the aspartate to
      apparently the same extent, only the stellate cells were found to be heavily
      labeled following incubation with [3H]GABA. A study of the cultures over a 12-day
      period showed that there was a disappearance of the stellate astrocytes. The time
      of disappearance was found to be dependent upon the initial plating density; the
      stellate morphology was apparent longer in lower density cultures. Time lapse
      studies suggested that one of the reasons for the disappearance of the stellate
      cells might be that in fact they underwent a change in shape following certain
      cell-cell interactions, but cell death also has to be considered as a further
      possibility. The relationships between the two classes of astroglial cells in
      these cultures is not yet clear. The possibilities are that they represent two
      different types of astrocytes, or just one type at different stages of
      differentiation, or maybe a combination of the two possibilities.

PMID- 6360311
TI  - Y to V instead of Z to N.
AB  - A multiple Y to V plasty is easier to perform than a multiple Z-plasty, it
      permits further elongation and does not tend to provoke flap necrosis.

PMID- 6360312
TI  - Assessment of burn wound sepsis by swab, full thickness biopsy culture and blood
      culture--a comparative study.
AB  - Fifty patients with burns ranging from 30 to 50 per cent of their body surface
      area were monitored for sepsis throughout their hospital stay using swab, blood
      and full thickness biopsy culture techniques. The relative merits of these
      techniques in the diagnosis of burn wound sepsis were evaluated. Only 62.5 per
      cent of the patients with a positive surface culture showed signs of clinical
      sepsis, while 87.5 per cent of the patients with significant bacterial count on
      biopsy culture showed signs of clinical sepsis. A decrease in bacterial count on
      follow up correlated with clinical improvement while a count of 10(8) orgs/gm
      indicated a bad prognosis. Wound surface cultures, though the simplest method
      gave poor indication of the organisms invading into the burn wound. Blood
      cultures were of only prognostic value. Full thickness biopsy culture and
      quantification of the number of bacteria in the burn wound was felt to be the
      best method for rapid diagnosis and for assessing the progress of burn wound
      infection.

PMID- 6360314
TI  - Factors affecting dowel (post) selection and use in endodontically treated teeth.

PMID- 6360313
TI  - The effectiveness of irrigation in endodontics.

PMID- 6360315
TI  - [Histiocytosis X].

PMID- 6360317
TI  - Progress in comparative genetics of nitrogen fixation.

PMID- 6360316
TI  - Translocation of zinc from vacuole to nucleus during yeast meiosis.
AB  - A novel staining procedure employing the UV fluorochrome DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2
      phenylindole X 2HCl) and dithizone (diphenylthiocarbazone) was developed for
      microcytochemical determination of sites of zinc localization in Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae Hansen. In vegetative cells vacuolar polyphosphate bodies stained with
      dithizone, whereas in sporulating cells nucleoli and centriolar plaques were
      dithizone-positive. Hence, dithizone not only permitted localization of zinc but
      also indicated zinc translocation from vacuolar to nuclear compartments during
      differentiation from the vegetative to sporulated state.

PMID- 6360318
TI  - Pathogenic and virulence characterization of colonial mutants of Nocardia
      asteroides GUH-2.
AB  - The pathogenicities in mice (comparing LD50 determinations) of two mutant strains
      and one wild-type strain of Nocardia asteroides GUH-2, each possessing a colonial
      morphology distinct from the other, were compared at respective stages of growth.
      Despite the three strains' colinear growth curves and similar physiological
      properties, unique patterns of pathogenicity emerged for each strain upon
      analysis. Ultrastructural and fatty acid profiles of cultures at the various
      growth stages were monitored. The mutant strain SCII-A1 was consistently less
      virulent than the other strains of N. asteroides GUH-2 (SCII-P and SCII-C).
      Further, its fatty acid profiles as well as the shape and consistency of its
      colonies differed greatly from those of the wild-type strain. The fatty acid
      composition and the colonial morphology of strain SCII-C more closely resembled
      those of the parent, although its virulence was both greater than (before 28 h of
      growth) and less than the parent's depending upon the specific stage of growth.
      The comparative degrees of cellular fragmentation and complexity, as determined
      by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, were found to coincide with
      changes in relative degrees of pathogenicity.

PMID- 6360319
TI  - [Genetic toxicity of methylmercuric chloride (CH3HgCl) on mitochondria of
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae].
AB  - Among the strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae we investigated, the
      organic form of mercury:methylmercury (II) does not seem to induce any
      cytoplasmic mutant "petite colonie" rho-. However, it induces a significant
      number of the erythromycin-resistant mutant Eryr. A dose response is shown. These
      effects are discussed in the view of the part that discrete DNA lesions could
      take in the explanation of the mechanism of toxicity of the organomercurial.

PMID- 6360320
TI  - Derepression of F factor function in Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - In Salmonella typhimurium LT2 the F factor of Escherichia coli K-12 replicates
      normally but is repressed; Flac+ cells give no visible lysis on solid media with
      male-specific phages, low frequency transfer of Flac+ (0.001-0.007 per donor
      cell), few f2 infective centers (0.002-0.006 per cell), and they propagate male
      specific phages to low titers. Thus they display a Fin+ (fertility inhibition)
      phenotype. This repression, owing to pSLT, a 60 Mdal plasmid normally resident in
      S. typhimurium, was circumvented by the following materials: (i) Flac+ plasmids
      from E. coli with mutations in finP or traO; (ii) a S. typhimurium line which had
      been cured of pSLT; (iii) pKZl, a KmR plasmid in the same Inc group as pSLT,
      which caused expulsion of pSLT and made Fin- lines; (iv) F-Fin- mutants which
      originated spontaneously and which are present in most Hfr strains of S.
      typhimurium. Strains which are derepressed for F function by the above methods
      give visible lysis on solid media with male-specific phages, ca. 1.0 Lac+
      recombinants per donor cell in conjugal transfer, ca. 0.82 f2 infective centers
      per cell, over 80% of cells with visible F pili, and propagation of male-specific
      phages to high titer. These data confirm earlier observations that pSLT represses
      F by the FinOP system. In addition, it shows that there is no other mechanism
      which represses F function in S. typhimurium. If donor function is derepressed by
      one of the above methods, and if rough recipient strains are used, F-mediated
      conjugation in S. typhimurium LT2 is as efficient as in E. coli K-12.

PMID- 6360321
TI  - Background vascular headache: relief with indomethacin.
AB  - A patient with long standing sustained unilateral headache ("background
      vascular") and occasional multiple jabs received prompt and lasting relief from
      indomethacin. The effectiveness of the drug was tested in a placebo controlled
      double-blind trial. Indomethacin may be of value in some types of sustained
      headache.

PMID- 6360322
TI  - Counting cancers.

PMID- 6360323
TI  - Group B streptococcal septicemia and delayed-onset congenital right-sided
      diaphragmatic hernia.
AB  - A case is reported of fulminant early-onset group B streptococcal septicemia and
      delayed-onset congenital right-sided diaphragmatic hernia in a neonate. The
      latter condition should be considered when early-onset group B streptococcal
      disease is followed by increasing respiratory distress, right-sided pleural
      effusion and partial or complete opacification of the right side of the thorax.

PMID- 6360324
TI  - [Initial psychiatric experiences of Philippe Pinel at the Belhomme Hospital].
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to investigate Philippe Pinel's psychiatric
      experience, his practice in "la maison de sante Belhomme" and his first
      publications which were concerned with the treatment of mental patients and
      appeared in "La Gazette de Sante" which he edited between 1785 and 1789. During
      that time, the main preoccupation of the future head doctor of "La Salpetriere"
      had been to ensure the application and the development of moral treatment, in its
      practical modalities as well as its theoretic rationalization. Meanwhile, the
      institutional aspect of this therapy had the upper hand over the individual cure.
      This evolution brought Pinel and his successors to neglect the latter. In this
      connection we can regret that Philippe Pinel did not continue to have more
      private practice for this allowed him to follow first his experience and research
      (individual cure) in this field of rational psychotherapy, that of moral
      treatment.

PMID- 6360325
TI  - Efficacy of prolonged intermittent therapy with combined 5-fluorouracil and
      methyl-CCNU following resection for carcinoma of the large bowel. A Veterans
      Administration Surgical Oncology Group report.
AB  - This prospective evaluation of 5-FU and methyl-CCNU administered in combination
      to patients with curative surgery for histologically proved colorectal
      adenocarcinoma is based upon 645 patients randomized between August 1973 and July
      1979. Beyond the requirement that the resection be clinically and microscopically
      complete, patients were not stratified prior to random treatment assignment to
      surgery alone or surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Drug therapy
      consisted of discrete 5-day courses administered at 7-week intervals, start to
      start. Toxic reactions were reported in association with 40% of courses. In 10%
      of patients with hematologic toxicity, the reactions were sufficiently severe to
      require the suspension or discontinuation of treatment. Treated patients
      experienced a slightly more favorable survival than did controls. However, the
      advantage was seen only in the 216 patients (34% of total) with one to four
      positive lymph nodes in the resected specimen. Similar proportions of treated and
      control deaths were attributed to residual or recurrent disease.

PMID- 6360327
TI  - Presentation of Hodgkin's disease as an endobronchial lesion.
AB  - Presentation of Hodgkin's disease as an endobronchial lesion is rare. Four such
      cases are described and nine other previously reported cases are reviewed. The
      difficulties in diagnosis and management, when the disease presents in this
      manner, are discussed. This diagnosis must be considered when patients present
      with an endobronchial tumor because careful staging and treatment may lead to
      cure with the avoidance of major surgery.

PMID- 6360326
TI  - Hodgkin's lymphoma in an adolescent with systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - An adolescent female with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with diffuse
      proliferative lupus nephritis subsequently contracted Hodgkin's lymphoma, mixed
      cellularity type. Prior to the diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma,
      hypogammaglobulinemia developed with IgG deficiency. The nephritis, which
      improved on steroid therapy, remitted entirely after nitrogen mustard,
      vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP) therapy. The
      hypogammaglobulinemia also remitted after chemotherapy for Hodgkin's lymphoma.
      The literature concerning the association of SLE and Hodgkin's lymphoma is
      reviewed. The significance of this concurrence is discussed in regard to the
      possible pathophysiology and the clinical management.

PMID- 6360328
TI  - Malignant melanoma metastatic to the cystic and common bile ducts.
AB  - Malignant melanoma can involve any organ of the body and commonly involves the
      gastrointestinal tract. The first case of melanoma in the world's literature
      involving the cystic duct and the first in the English literature involving the
      common bile duct is described. This case is compared with the two cases in the
      world's literature with common duct involvement.

PMID- 6360329
TI  - Complete response of metastasized adrenal cortical carcinoma with o,p'-DDD. Case
      report and literature review.
AB  - This study concerns the history of a male patient with hormone-producing adrenal
      cortical carcinoma. Six months after resection of the primary tumor, lymph node
      metastases were detected and treatment with o,p'-DDD [1,1 dichloro-2-(o
      chlorophenyl)-2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane] (Lysodren/mitotane) was started. After 2
      years, a complete histologically proven response was confirmed at laparotomy and
      is still sustained 2 years after the discontinuation of treatment. As a
      consequence of insufficient steroid replacement the patient suffered bouts of
      adrenal insufficiency. After 1 year of treatment, the measurement of the plasma
      levels of o,p'-DDD showed an accumulation of the drug. At that time, progressive
      major central nervous system toxicity occurred, which proved to be reversible on
      discontinuation of the treatment.

PMID- 6360330
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of adenosine deaminase in human benign
      extrathymic lymphoid tissues and B-cell lymphomas.
AB  - Immunomorphologic methods were utilized to localize adenosine deaminase (ADA) in
      extrathymic benign lymphoid tissues and B-cell lymphomas. In reactive lymph
      nodes, tonsils and appendix, germinal centers displayed strong ADA-positive
      nuclear staining in small cleaved lymphocytes and weak nuclear and/or cytoplasmic
      staining in large lymphoid cells. A significant proportion of ADA-positive
      lymphocytes in the germinal centers were B-cells. The mantle zone of secondary
      follicles did not stain for ADA. The plasma cells in the medullary cords
      demonstrated mainly cytoplasmic staining. In the spleen, ADA-positive lymphocytes
      were located in the periarteriolar sheath and paratrabecular white pulp. In
      lymphoma B-cells, patterns of ADA staining were similar to those observed in
      normal B-lymphocytes of similar morphology. This study demonstrated that human
      normal and lymphoma B-lymphoid cells are heterogeneous with respect to ADA
      expression. This heterogeneity appears to be associated with differentiation
      and/or proliferation of B-lymphocytes.

PMID- 6360331
TI  - Coexistence of myelomonocytic leukemia and monoclonal gammopathy or myeloma.
      Simultaneous presentation in three patients.
AB  - The coexistence of monoclonal gammopathy or myeloma and nonlymphoblastic leukemia
      is reported in three untreated patients. One patient had IgG kappa myeloma and
      monoblastic leukemia, whereas the two others had IgA paraprotein in association
      with chronic granulocytic and acute myelomonoblastic leukemia, respectively.
      Simultaneous presentation of monoclonal gammopathy or myeloma and
      nonlymphoblastic leukemia is rare, and this report reviews the possible
      pathogenesis of this phenomena.

PMID- 6360332
TI  - Effects of amphotericin B on combination chemotherapy of metastatic sarcomas.
AB  - Ninety-four evaluable patients with metastatic soft tissue and bone sarcomas
      entered into a prospective randomized trial (SEG 78SAR327) to determine whether
      amphotericin B (AMB), a membrane-permeabilizing and immunopotentiating agent,
      could increase either the response rates or the survival of patients treated with
      a three-drug combination chemotherapy regimen consisting of Adriamycin,
      cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate (ACM). Pretreatment patient characteristics
      were similar in each arm. In patients treated with ACM there were 4% complete
      responses and 34% partial responses, compared with only 5% partial responses on
      ACM + AMB (P less than 0.05). However, there was no difference in the median time
      to progression (5.0 months on either arm) or in survival (7.0 months on ACM, and
      6.0 months on ACM + AMB). Myelosuppression was the dose-limiting toxicity, and
      was equal in each treatment arm. The addition of AMB to dactinomycin during
      maintenance therapy did not result in any complete or partial responses. It is
      concluded that despite definite biologic activity in experimental tumor models,
      AMB is not useful clinically in potentiating chemotherapeutic drug activity in
      patients with metastatic sarcomas, and actually results in a decrease in the
      frequency of objective responses.

PMID- 6360333
TI  - Sarcoma of bone and soft tissue following treatment of Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Intensive chemotherapy and radiotherapy of Hodgkin's Disease has resulted in
      improved survival rates. With long-term follow-up, however, a risk of secondary
      malignancy in these individuals is now appreciated. The authors of this report
      have encountered five patients who developed bone or soft tissue sarcomata more
      than 5 years after treatment of Hodgkin's Disease. The four males and one female
      ranged in age from 14 to 74 years at the time of diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease.
      Two had received radiotherapy alone for treatment of Hodgkin's disease, two were
      treated with radiation and chemotherapy, and one received only chemotherapy. The
      latent period prior to diagnosis of sarcoma ranged from 6 to 11 years. There was
      one case each of neurofibrosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, liposarcoma and
      leiomyosarcoma. Four patients died within 1 year of the diagnosis of sarcoma. One
      is alive with no evidence of disease 2 years following diagnosis and surgical
      excision of the sarcoma. On the basis of the Massachusetts General Hospital
      experience in the treatment of Hodgkin's Disease, the authors calculate a risk of
      0.9% of sarcoma occurring in five year survivors of Hodgkin's disease. Previously
      reported cases of sarcoma following treatment of Hodgkin's disease are
      summarized. The pertinent literature is reviewed.

PMID- 6360334
TI  - Preoperative radiation therapy in Stage I endometrial adenocarcinoma. II. Final
      report of a clinical trial.
AB  - From 1968 to 1975 105 patients with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium, FIGO
      clinical Stage I, were randomly allocated to receive, prior to hysterectomy,
      either a single implant with Heyman capsules and/ or tandem and ovoids, or
      external megavoltage irradiation. There were no significant differences between
      the two study arms with respect to distribution of age, uterine size, obesity,
      frequency of diverticular disease, or histologic grade. Complications were graded
      rigorously to assure recording all possible treatment related complications and
      to minimize under-reporting of complications not obviously or directly
      attributable to the radiation. Fifty-five patients received intracavity
      irradiation and experienced 5 - and 10-year actuarial disease-free survivals of
      80% and 67%, respectively, as compared to 70% and 59% for 50 patients who
      received external beam. There were only 4 recurrences in the intracavitary group
      versus 14 in the external beam group. One half of the recurrences in each group
      were in the pelvis. Major complications occurred with equal frequency in both
      groups, but minor complications were much more frequent in the external beam
      group. The differences in survival, recurrences and minor complications were
      statistically significant, with P values of 0.023, 0.03, and less than 0.02,
      respectively. With the techniques utilized here, intracavitary radiation is thus
      seen to be superior to external beam irradiation in terms of higher disease-free
      survival, lower frequency of recurrence and fewer complications.

PMID- 6360335
TI  - Immunocytochemistry of neurotropic melanoma.
AB  - Schwann cell differentiation has been proposed in the histogenesis of neurotropic
      melanoma by light and electron microscopic studies, and melanosomes are rarely,
      if ever, detected in the spindle cell component of this tumor. S-100
      immunoreactivity has previously been demonstrated in Schwann cells of benign
      neurogenic tumors and most malignant melanomas. The authors report S-100
      immunoreactivity in spindle cell elements of neurotropic melanoma. Focal neuron
      specific enolase immunoreactivity was also found. These findings, in the absence
      of melanosomes in tumor cells, support the contention that the spindle cell
      element of neurotropic melanoma is derived from cells of neural crest origin.

PMID- 6360336
TI  - Ferritin-bearing lymphocytes in patients with cancer.
AB  - Ferritins, a group of isomeric proteins that have important functions in iron
      metabolism and storage, have been demonstrated to be carcinoembryonic antigens.
      It has been recently shown that a subpopulation of lymphocytes from the
      peripheral blood of patients with Hodgkin's disease or breast cancer bear
      ferritin on their surface membranes. In view of the potential diagnostic and
      prognostic value of ascertaining the number of ferritin-bearing lymphocytes, the
      authors developed a simple indirect immunofluorescent technique for identifying
      them and used this technique to examine the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 44
      patients with carcinomas of the head and neck (26), colon (14), and lung (4). It
      was found that patients with cancer had a mean percentage of 10% ferritin-bearing
      lymphocytes in their peripheral blood as compared with 3.1% in controls. Ferritin
      binding did not appear to be influenced by a cell's capacity to form sheep
      erythrocyte (E) rosettes since no correlation could be found between the
      percentages of lymphocytes bearing ferritin and those forming three different
      varieties of E-rosettes. There appeared to be no correlation of the percentages
      of ferritin-bearing lymphocytes with clinical staging except for a small, but
      significant (P less than 0.05), increase in the number of patients with head and
      neck cancer and nodal metastases. Although the functional significance of
      ferritin-bearing lymphocytes is currently unknown, the appearance of this
      subpopulation of cells in the blood appears to be associated with cancer. This
      assay may prove to be useful as a diagnostic tool, as a prognostic tool, or as a
      means of identifying patients at a risk for developing cancer and, therefore, it
      deserves further exploration.

PMID- 6360337
TI  - Peanut lectin binding sites in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary
      bladder.
AB  - Peanut lectin (PNA) binds to D Gal B (1-3) D Gal NAc which is the purported
      antigenic determinant of the so-called T blood group antigen (TAg). We used PNA
      in an indirect immunofluorescent technique to study TAg in transitional cell
      carcinomas of the bladder (TCC). All 14 control tissues failed to express TAg,
      whereas all controls (100%) expressed TAg on the cell membrane after prior
      treatment with neuraminidase. Sixty-nine percent of Stage O TCC expressed TAg,
      whereas 100% of cases expressed TAg after treatment with neuraminidase. Staining
      patterns noted were: granular intracytoplasmic, intracytoplasmic globular, and
      membrane. There was no correlation between TAg positivity or negativity and
      subsequent muscle wall invasion in the Stage O TCC group. Fifty percent of Stage
      B or greater TCC expressed TAg, whereas 27 of 30 (90%) cases expressed TAg after
      neuraminidase treatment. TAg-staining patterns noted in Stage B tumors were:
      membrane, granular intracytoplasmic, intracytoplasmic globular, and glycocalyx.
      Only 47% of Grade III TCC expressed TAg compared with 72% of low-grade TCC. The
      authors conclude that the expression of TAg reflects the neoplastic
      transformation of bladder epithelium. The data also suggest that in TCC, TAg
      positivity is most likely due to incomplete synthesis of MN blood group
      glycoprotein, as evidenced by loss of a terminal sialic acid, and that there is
      also evidence of cytostructural "relocalization" of TAg.

PMID- 6360338
TI  - Growth of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma stem cells in agarose.
AB  - An in vitro human tumor cell assay was used in an attempt to culture head and
      neck tumors from patients with squamous cell carcinomas. Initially, specimens
      from nine head and neck tumors were disaggregated by mechanical methods and
      assayed in soft agar. Five of nine tumors grew in the soft-agar system yielding a
      cloning success rate of 56%. Plating of 5 X 10(5) cells resulted in 12 to 255
      colonies per plate after 21 days in culture, with a cloning efficiency between
      0.002% and 0.08%. Recently, the authors replaced the agar with an agarose culture
      matrix. Of 10 specimens with positive pathology, 9 have shown colony growth
      (greater than 20 cells). Cloning efficiency in agarose improved approximately 2
      fold. Morphologic assessment of tumor colonies in culture showed the same
      characteristics as those of the original tumor. Overall success rate of growing
      head and neck tumors in agar and agarose has been 14 of 19 patients (74%). The
      development of a soft agarose assay for head and neck tumor cells should provide
      an in vitro technique for predicting in vivo response to anticancer drugs and
      other therapeutic modalities such as radiotherapy and hyperthermia.

PMID- 6360340
TI  - Diurnal variation in the response of gamma-ray-induced apoptosis in the mouse
      intestinal epithelium.
AB  - The appearance of apoptosis has been used as an index of carcinogen-induced
      damage incurred by the intestinal epithelium. Here we report that the cytotoxic
      response elicited by gamma radiation in the duodenal and colonic epithelium of
      the mouse is markedly affected by the time of day at which the animals are
      irradiated or sampled. The diurnal pattern in radiosensitivity of the crypt
      cells, as measured by the appearance of apoptosis is reflective of circadian
      rhythms in mouse intestinal cells. Circadian effects should therefore be
      considered when interpreting apoptosis data obtained at one time point only or
      when comparing data obtained at different times of the day.

PMID- 6360339
TI  - Resistance of H1 histone to proteolytic attack in chromatin from rat-ascites
      hepatoma.
AB  - From rat-liver and ascites-hepatoma chromatins, NaCl-soluble fractions were
      prepared. The 0.35 M NaCl-soluble fraction from the hepatoma (AH) chromatin
      contained much non-histone protein of high-molecular weight, compared with the
      fraction from the rat-liver (RL) chromatin. The 0.35 M NaCl-insoluble, but 2 M
      NaCl/5 M urea-soluble fraction was composed mainly of 5 classes of histones.
      These histones were quantitatively not different between AH and RL chromatins.
      However, H1 histone was rather protease-resistant in AH chromatin, but not in RL
      chromatin. The proteolytic capacity was also lower in AH chromatin. In addition,
      in the micrococcal-nuclease digest of AH nuclei, the oligonucleosomes were
      considerably retained even by long-time digestion, but not in that of RL nuclei.

PMID- 6360341
TI  - Cells of origin in human gastric neoplasms.
AB  - The epithelium of the surface mucosa of the human stomach is demonstrated to
      share an antigen (HP-DU-1) with human pancreatic ductal cell surface epithelium
      detectable by a murine monoclonal IgG. This marker was found to be characteristic
      of the epithelium of gastric surface mucosa and serves to distinguish these cells
      from the epithelium of gastric glands, the generative cell zone, the parietal and
      mucous neck cells. The absence of HP-DU-1 was confirmed in the epithelium of the
      small and large intestines, gall bladder, tracheobronchial trees, urinary
      bladder, intrahepatic bile ducts, prostatic and salivary glands. This surface
      marker was used to examine the participation of the surface mucosal cell in
      hyperplastic, pre-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the human gastric mucosa.
      Gastric hyperplastic polyps and polypoid hypertrophic gastritis were mainly
      composed of epithelium bearing HP-DU-1 antigens. In contrast epithelial cells of
      atrophic gastritis, atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia, and
      adenocarcinoma of the stomach lacked this antigen.

PMID- 6360342
TI  - Rationale for anticancer drug dosing schedules.

PMID- 6360343
TI  - Carcinogenic effects of acrylamide in Sencar and A/J mice.
AB  - Acrylamide structurally resembles vinyl carbamate, a proposed proximate
      carcinogenic form of ethyl carbamate. To test the hypothesis that acrylamide
      should possess carcinogenic properties, it was tested in the Salmonella-microsome
      assay for point mutation, as a skin tumor initiator in the Sencar mouse, and for
      its ability to induce lung adenomas in the A/J mouse. Acrylamide was found to be
      without activity as a mutagen in Salmonella strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, and
      TA 100 both in the presence and absence of rat liver microsomes using both the
      plate and liquid suspension assays. However, acrylamide was found to approximate
      ethyl carbamate in potency as a tumor initiator in the skin of the female Sencar
      mice. As with ethyl carbamate, acrylamide was more potent by systemic routes of
      administration relative to topical application. Acrylamide was also found to
      induce lung adenomas in male and female A/J mice using both the p.o. and i.p.
      routes of administration. Acrylamide was approximately one-seventh as potent as
      ethyl carbamate in the induction of lung adenomas. These data confirm the
      hypothesis that acrylamide possesses carcinogenic properties similar to ethyl
      carbamate.

PMID- 6360344
TI  - Retinoid feeding, hormone inhibition, and/or immune stimulation and the
      progression of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced rat mammary carcinoma: suppression
      by retinoids of peptide hormone-induced tumor cell proliferation in vivo and in
      vitro.
AB  - Female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated at 50 and 57 days of age with 2.5 mg per
      100 g body weight of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). At 60 days of age, the animals
      were divided into eight groups (40 rats/group) and treated as follows: (a)
      controls; (b) immune stimulation (IS); (c) hormone inhibition (HI); (d) HI + IS;
      (e) retinyl acetate feeding (RA); (f) RA + IS; (g) RA + HI; and (h) RA + HI + IS.
      IS treatment was accomplished by three i.p. injections (at 1, 3, and 5 weeks
      after carcinogen treatment) of a mixture of cell particulate preparations from
      pooled MNU-induced rat mammary carcinomas and Freund's (complete) adjuvant. HI
      treatment consisted of daily s.c. injections of tamoxifen (12.5 to 25.0
      micrograms/100 g body weight) and CB-154 (200 to 400 micrograms/100 g body
      weight), and RA treatment consisted of daily feeding of retinyl acetate (1.0 mM).
      Both RA alone and HI alone significantly (p less than 0.01 to 0.001) reduced
      mammary carcinoma incidence; HI treatment was significantly (p less than 0.01)
      more effective than RA treatment. The combination of RA + HI was significantly (p
      less than 0.01) superior to either treatment alone; RA + HI treatment virtually
      completely blocked the development of mammary carcinomas at termination of study
      (a total of only 2 mammary carcinomas was observed in the RA + HI groups of rats
      at 1 year after carcinogen treatment). IS treatments did not significantly
      influence mammary carcinoma incidence, either alone or in combination with RA
      and/or HI. Female Sprague-Dawley rats given MNU and subsequently treated daily
      for 4 weeks with the prolactin secretion-stimulating drug haloperidol (0.05
      mg/100 g body weight) responded with a significant (p less than 0.001) increase
      in mammary carcinoma development when compared with control rats. RA treatment of
      haloperidol-treated rats significantly (p less than 0.001) blocked the
      stimulatory effect of haloperidol on mammary carcinoma development. The addition
      of insulin (5.0 micrograms/ml) to the culture media of 2-day organ cultures of
      MNU-induced rat mammary carcinomas resulted in a significant (p less than 0.05)
      stimulation of [3H] thymidine incorporation into DNA of the cultured
      cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6360345
TI  - Optimal use of sampled tissue sections for estimating the number of
      hepatocellular foci.
AB  - Statistical techniques were applied to computer-simulated data to evaluate the
      importance of various factors that may affect the estimation of the number of
      hepatocellular foci from foci transections. The simulations were modeled after
      mouse foci for which three-dimensional size distributions and densities were
      determined from serial section reconstructions. The foci had been induced in male
      C57BL/6 X C3H F1 mice at 20 and 28 weeks after a single injection, in infancy, of
      diethylnitrosamine. In an earlier report, we had shown that the number of foci
      per cu cm could be accurately estimated from profiles using a conditional
      estimator when the investigator is unable to identify profiles smaller than a
      certain size (epsilon). In the present study, emphasis was placed on assessing
      the value of step serial sections in order to make optimal use of the small
      tissue samples in mouse liver. Since all mathematical estimators of N3 are based
      on measurement of sampled profiles (n2') and ultimately derive from the
      fundamental relationship. N3' = N2'/2mu, (where N3' is the number of foci per cu
      cm, N2' is the number of profiles per sq cm, and mu, is the average adjusted
      focus radius), the relative importance of N2' and mu, on the conditional
      estimator was evaluated. This was accomplished by comparing the errors resulting
      from use of the conditional estimator with those resulting from use of two other
      estimators. The latter two estimators consisted of a "sampled focus estimator,"
      which used sampled intact foci to estimate N3, and a "reference estimator," which
      used profiles from foci with a mu, that was known. Additionally, in order to
      provide a stable variance for the conditional estimator, we adopted a simple
      smoothing procedure. As expected, none of the estimators showed any significant
      bias. However, somewhat surprising was the finding that the standard deviations
      from use of all three estimators were almost identical. Consequently, it appears
      that the variance resulting from application of the smoothed conditional
      estimator to large sets of profile data is not due to difficulty in estimating mu
      epsilon. In these instances, the faulty estimates of N2' resulted almost entirely
      from the variability in sampling foci from tissue blocks which constituted only
      about 1/25 of the liver volume. In addition, the ability to reduce the error in
      estimating the number of foci by increasing the number of profiles was also
      evaluated. We simulated a sectioning protocol for the 28-week mouse livers in
      which the distances between the 5-micron-thick step sections in a 1-mm block of
      liver were progressively decreased from 1000 to 50 micron.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 6360346
TI  - Characterization of gastrointestinal tumor-associated carcinoembryonic antigen
      related antigens defined by monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Four major carcinoembryonic antigen-related glycopeptides (Mr 180,000, 160,000,
      50,000, and 40,000) were detected in SW948 colon carcinoma cells and in colon
      adenocarcinoma tissue using a monoclonal antibody (C(4)20-32) generated by
      immunizing mice with SW1222 human colon carcinoma cells. Only the Mr 50,000
      polypeptide was immunoprecipitated from normal colon mucosa by this antibody.
      Binding studies using other monoclonal antibodies and lectins indicated the
      different epitopes and carbohydrate attachment sites on each of the four
      polypeptides. Only monoclonal antibody C(4)20-32 recognized a common determinant
      on all four polypeptides which was revealed by its reactivity with each affinity
      purified component.

PMID- 6360347
TI  - Immunotherapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia: survival not affected by
      treatment in the stable phase.
AB  - Thirty-one consecutive patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia were treated in
      the chronic phase with immunotherapy in addition to chemotherapy. Immunotherapy
      consisted of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and allogeneic myeloblasts given by
      vaccination, and chemotherapy comprised busulfan p.o. in most patients. No
      randomly allocated control group was designated, but patient characteristics
      appear to be typical of those of other published groups. Twenty-eight of 31
      patients were followed from diagnosis to death, and the three remaining patients
      were followed for over 5 years. The median survival of the patients in our group
      was 37 months. There was a constant rate of decline in survival with time, with a
      mean annual death rate of 30% per year. Twenty-five of the 31 patients terminated
      in blast crisis. One of 21 patients achieved complete remission in blast crisis
      of myeloid or indeterminate type, and three of four patients achieved complete
      remission for blast crisis of lymphoid type. The median survival, the rate of
      decline in survival, and the remission rate in blast crisis do not appear to
      differ from those of comparable groups of patients treated with chemotherapy
      alone.

PMID- 6360348
TI  - Nephrotoxicity of semustine.
AB  - Semustine is an investigational cancer chemotherapeutic agent in widespread use.
      This agent has now been documented to produce nephrotoxicity and renal failure
      with long-term administration. We collected 29 cases of semustine nephrotoxicity
      from the literature and six unpublished cases brought to the attention of the
      National Cancer Institute. Using these 35 cases as a data base, we have analyzed
      the incidence, dose and treatment duration relationships, clinical and histologic
      manifestations, and clinical course of semustine nephrotoxicity. In addition, we
      discuss the possible mechanisms of this nephrotoxicity based upon ongoing
      laboratory work. We conclude that there is a high risk of severe nephrotoxicity
      from semustine when the cumulative dose exceeds 1200 mg/m2 and that there may be
      considerable delay in onset of the renal dysfunction.

PMID- 6360349
TI  - Comparison of vincristine and vindesine in the treatment of inoperable non-small
      cell bronchial carcinoma.
AB  - Sixty-three patients with inoperable symptomatic non-small cell carcinoma of the
      bronchus were randomly allocated to receive either vincristine (1.4 mg/m2) or
      vindesine (3 mg/m2). These drugs were given weekly for four doses, then every 2
      weeks for two further doses, and then continued monthly if there had been a
      response. Only five partial responses (greater than 50% reduction) were obtained
      with vindesine and none with vincristine. Disabling toxic effects occurred in 13
      patients. This was more common with vindesine, but this group also received more
      prolonged therapy. Vindesine has modest activity against non-small cell carcinoma
      of the bronchus and may be more effective than vincristine, with similar
      toxicity.

PMID- 6360350
TI  - Clinical trial of PALA and L-Alanosine in advanced colorectal carcinoma.

PMID- 6360351
TI  - Early detection of breast cancer by leukocyte adherence inhibition assay.
AB  - The hematocytometer leukocyte adherence inhibition technique was used to study
      cell-mediated immune activity against breast carcinoma. In a group of 83 patients
      with untreated breast cancer in stage I, 74% showed a positive response, among 47
      patients in stage II, 64% responded, while only 51% of the 37 patients in stages
      III and IV responded. Of 86 control persons, only two women showed a positive
      response. In a group of 296 women with benign breast disease, 21% showed a
      positive reaction against breast carcinoma antigen. The percentage of positive
      responses was higher than the average among women with risk factors such as:
      mother or sister with breast cancer, previous removal of benign breast lumps,
      microcalcifications, and increased intraductal epithelial proliferation found in
      the biopsies. Women with benign breast disease having two or more of the above
      risk factors were assigned to the high risk group. Of 49 women in this group, 47%
      had reactive leukocytes. Ninety-two women had only one risk factor, and 27% of
      those showed a positive reaction. Of the 155 women with none of the risk factors,
      only 10% had a positive reaction. The results suggest that leukocyte adherence
      inhibition test may be used to identify groups of women with an increased
      possibility of developing breast cancer.

PMID- 6360352
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography: a special issue.

PMID- 6360353
TI  - Electronic imaging fundamentals: basic theory.
AB  - Introduction of the computer into the field of medical imaging, as typified by
      the extensive use of digital subtraction angiography (DSA), created an important
      need for a basic understanding of the principles of digital imaging. This paper
      reviews these fundamental principles, starting with the definition of images and
      the interaction of these images with television display systems, then continuing
      with a detailed description of the way in which imaging systems are specified.
      This work defines the basic terms and concepts that will be used throughout the
      contents of this issue.

PMID- 6360354
TI  - Image data acquisition, processing, storage and display.
AB  - It is important to optimize each stage of image formation to minimize and take
      the greatest advantage of X-ray dose used. For each stage (acquisition,
      processing, and display) an optimum exists within the limits of physical laws and
      current technology. These laws must be understood and the technologic limitations
      imposed by them appreciated to acquire the maximum information from digital
      subtraction angiography (DSA) examinations.

PMID- 6360355
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography in the evaluation of intracranial and
      extracranial vascular disease.
AB  - Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is a method of visualizing the vessels of
      the body with the intravenous injection of contrast material. Improvements in
      computers, television systems, and image intensifiers have contributed to the
      increased image quality of DSA. With DSA, the vessels such as the carotid
      bifurcations and the intracranial vasculature can be visualized with a 2-3%
      concentration of contrast material, while with conventional angiography, the
      concentration of contrast in vessels is 40-50%. Using IV DSA, visualization of
      the carotid bifurcations is of good or excellent quality 85% of the time. In a
      high percentage of these cases, IV DSA replaces conventional angiography,
      although for imaging of the intracranial vessels, IV DSA is not as good as
      conventional angiography. In most tumor patients, however, conventional
      intracranial angiography is not needed because IV DSA combined with computed
      tomography gives sufficient information.

PMID- 6360356
TI  - Digital intraarterial subtraction technique of the extracerebral vascular system.
AB  - We report the results from intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (IA DSA)
      of the extracerebral vessels with aortic arch injection of contrast medium via
      femoro-arterial puncture, instead of the more widely used intravenous digital
      subtraction angiography (IV DSA). Intraarterial DSA is performed using a lower
      contrast dose and rate, making this study less invasive and costly than the
      conventional arteriographic study of the aortic arch. Intraarterial DSA provides
      better resolution than IV DSA. The diagnostic accuracy is almost equivalent to
      conventional angiography and is largely superior to photographic subtraction
      angiography with intravenous injection of contrast media.

PMID- 6360357
TI  - Carotid-vertebral digital subtraction angiography--a neurologist's view.

PMID- 6360358
TI  - Carotid-vertebral digital subtraction angiography--a surgeon's view.

PMID- 6360359
TI  - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography of the thoracic and abdominal aorta.
AB  - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IV DSA) is a new imaging modality
      that utilizes techniques of video image acquisition and computer image
      manipulation to provide anatomic information about blood vessels and organs. In
      many ways, it represents an electronic version of classic intravenous and film
      subtraction angiography. As a means of imaging the thoracic and abdominal aorta,
      IV DSA has demonstrated great potential, particularly in vessels originally
      imaged by the former techniques. We have imaged the aorta in over 300 cases at
      Brigham and Women's Hospital, either alone, or in combination with other vessels
      in the course of work-up for vascular disease. Although experience has been
      limited, intravenous imaging of the aorta can be routinely performed, providing
      reliable and clinically significant information.

PMID- 6360360
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography in renal transplant recipients.
AB  - The renal transplant vascularity of 72 patients was investigated by intravenous
      digital subtraction angiography (IV DSA). The procedure was combined with
      selective venous renin sampling of the transplant and native kidneys to identify
      the source of hypertension in these patients. Abnormalities were found on IV DSA
      examination in 26 patients, of whom 7 had graft artery stenosis, 7 had diffuse
      intrarenal narrowing, 9 had lower pole ischemia, and 3 had aneurysmal dilatation.
      The combined outpatient procedure was well tolerated by all patients with no
      complications nor incidence of proteinuria.

PMID- 6360361
TI  - Renal digital subtraction angiography--a nephrologist's view. A sensitive but
      imperfect screening procedure for renovascular hypertension.

PMID- 6360362
TI  - Pulmonary digital subtraction angiography.
AB  - Intravenous digital subtraction pulmonary angiography was performed in 220
      patients. Of these, 206 had suspected pulmonary embolism. Our intravenous studies
      yielded images of diagnostic quality in 98% of cases. Compared to conventional
      pulmonary angiography, intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IV DSA) is
      safer, faster, and easier to perform. This technique is an acceptable substitute
      for routine pulmonary angiography in all patients with pulmonary embolism.
      Intravenous DSA is currently the procedure of choice for the evaluation of
      patients with suspected pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 6360363
TI  - Digital subtraction pulmonary angiography--an internist's and radiologist's view.

PMID- 6360364
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography in peripheral vascular disease--a surgeon's view.

PMID- 6360365
TI  - Cardiac imaging with digital subtraction angiography.
AB  - Central cardiovascular anatomy and function have been evaluated with intravenous
      digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The subtraction techniques used for
      studying the left ventricle (LV) were mask mode, time interval difference and
      functional subtraction. Aside from contrast enhancement, a major use of digital
      fluoroscopy for cardiac applications has been computer-assisted quantitative
      analysis of LV dimensions and function. Left ventricular volumes and wall
      thickness determined from DSA studies have correlated closely with direct left
      ventriculograms and sonocardiometry measurements in patients and animals,
      respectively. Measurements of segmental LV contraction with DSA correlated
      closely with direct left ventriculography in normal patients and patients with
      coronary artery disease. The sensitivity of intravenous DSA for detecting
      significant coronary artery disease was increased by performing DSA immediately
      after increasing the myocardial oxygen demands by atrial pacing. The advantages
      and disadvantages of DSA in relation to other semi-or non-invasive imaging
      modalities are discussed.

PMID- 6360366
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography--a cardiologist's view.

PMID- 6360367
TI  - Efficacy and safety of digital subtraction angiography with special reference to
      contrast agents.
AB  - We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy and complications of digital subtraction
      angiography (DSA) in a series of clinical trials conducted on patients primarily
      with cerebral vascular disease and those evaluated before and after surgery or
      percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Double-blind studies of the carotid
      vertebral arteries of 300 of the 2,200 patients using DSA imaging and a variety
      of ionic and nonionic contrast agents showed that although subjects tolerated the
      injection of nonionic contrast better than ionic, nonionic contrast
      administration did not lead to better image quality. Of 764 patients receiving
      ionic contrast media, 3.3% had mild-to-serve adverse reactions; of 350 injected
      with nonionic contrast agents, 1.7% had mild-to-severe adverse reactions. If the
      sole consideration is safety, use of ionic contrast media is justified.

PMID- 6360368
TI  - Intraarterial digital subtraction angiography: a comparative view.
AB  - Intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (IA DSA) was performed in 122
      patients undergoing a variety of diagnostic and interventional angiographic
      procedures. Owing to the increased contrast resolution of DSA, diluted contrast
      material in concentrations of from 12-19% could be employed, thereby
      significantly reducing contrast material doses compared to doses used with
      conventional film-screen angiography or intravenous DSA. Patient discomfort was
      convincingly reduced due to the injection of dilute contrast material. Subtracted
      digital images could be viewed immediately on a cathode ray tube (CRT) resulting
      in faster procedures with less catheter time. Savings in film costs relative to
      conventional angiography were also achieved.

PMID- 6360369
TI  - Current experience with digital subtraction angiography in the community medical
      center.
AB  - At the community medical center, we have introduced and successfully applied
      digital subtraction angiography (DSA) to disease processes seen in 1,144
      patients. Although there is a trade-off between increased contrast resolution and
      decreased spatial resolution with the DSA approach, nonetheless in many vascular
      beds it provides rapid, safe, and accurate disease diagnosis.

PMID- 6360370
TI  - Clinical application of hybrid subtraction digital angiography: preliminary
      results.
AB  - The clinical application of hybrid subtraction in digital fluoroscopy of the
      vasculature is reported in our first 30 patients studied. Hybrid subtraction
      combines the advantages of temporal and dual energy subtraction techniques to
      achieve simultaneous elimination of overlying bone, soft tissue, and motion
      induced artifacts. Hybrid subtraction improved the subjective appearance of an
      image in 19 of 30 (63%) studies but additional diagnostic information was only
      revealed in 11 of 30 (37%) patients.

PMID- 6360371
TI  - An overview of digital radiography systems.
AB  - A variety of systems are under development to provide digital radiography
      information. While not all systems are capable of clinically acceptable digital
      subtraction arteriography - many being limited by temporal resolution factors -
      these systems represent the foundation for digital radiology in general. The
      method of operation of each system is outlined to provide an understanding of the
      basis for present and future digital radiology.

PMID- 6360372
TI  - Ideal configuration for intravenous digital subtraction angiography machine.
AB  - An assessment of the current state of development of digital imaging systems is
      provided as well as recommendations for future areas of investigation, including
      the incorporation of large-field image intensifiers, higher raster rate TV
      systems, and high speed digital disks into digital subtraction angiography (DSA)
      machines. Recent advances in hardware and software developments are discussed as
      they pertain to the X-ray generator and tube, X-ray image sensors (image
      intensifiers and TV cameras), and the image processor of the DSA system.

PMID- 6360373
TI  - Use of digitized functional angiography to evaluate arterial blood flow.
AB  - Digital angiography (DA), being a computer-based imaging system, allows for
      manipulation of the image data. One potential use derived from data manipulation
      is the production of functional images or images that reflect a physiologic
      parameter in addition to anatomic information. A discussion is presented of the
      background work employed to derive blood flow measurements using DA images,
      including the theoretical and practical limitations of the methodology. While
      absolute blood flow is hard to determine by any noninvasive and many invasive
      methods, flow velocity and relative blood flow in large vessels is obtainable
      with small volumes of intraarterial contrast injection using the basic principles
      of indicator dilution techniques and evaluation of the time versus density
      relationships of contrast bolus. An appraisal of the functional imaging method is
      provided, including its drawbacks and the potential areas of application.

PMID- 6360375
TI  - [Hypophosphatemia after kidney transplantation].

PMID- 6360374
TI  - Effect of fluoride on in vitro root surface lesions.

PMID- 6360377
TI  - [30 years of the Slovak Academy of Science].

PMID- 6360376
TI  - [Possible use of the LAI test in clinical oncology].

PMID- 6360378
TI  - Binding of alpha-factor pheromone to yeast a cells: chemical and genetic evidence
      for an alpha-factor receptor.
AB  - The division cycle of yeast a cells is inhibited by alpha-factor. Haploid a cells
      were found to bind 35S-labeled alpha-factor, whereas haploid alpha cells and
      diploid a/alpha cells showed little binding. The association of alpha-factor with
      a cells was reversible upon dilution. Unlabeled alpha-factor competed for binding
      of 35S-alpha-factor; the concentration dependence for competition indicated 9 X
      10(5) binding sites per cell with a dissociation constant (KD) of 3 X 10(-7) M.
      The rates of association (kon = 3 X 10(3) M-1 sec-1) and dissociation (koff = 9 X
      10(-4) sec-1) were consistent with the equilibrium constant. The alpha-factor
      binding activity associated with five temperature-sensitive ste2 mutants was
      thermolabile, suggesting that the STE2 gene encodes the receptor for alpha
      factor. In contrast, the binding activity of other temperature-sensitive mutants
      (ste4, ste5, ste7, ste11, and ste12) showed no thermolability.

PMID- 6360379
TI  - Yeast histone H2B containing large amino terminus deletions can function in vivo.
AB  - The basic amino terminus of each histone is external to the nucleosome core
      particle. In vitro studies have shown that the amino termini are not required for
      nucleosome assembly. To address the significance of these results in vivo we
      constructed mutations in yeast histone H2B in genetic backgrounds lacking wild
      type H2B protein. We found that the protein can function in vivo even with large
      deletions at its amino terminus. These mutations produce no obvious phenotype and
      there appears to be no selection against the mutant proteins in chromatin
      assembly. A deletion removing a large portion of the carboxyl terminus was
      lethal. We conclude that much of the amino terminus of histone H2B has no
      essential function in vivo.

PMID- 6360380
TI  - Genetic recombination of homologous plasmids catalyzed by cell-free extracts of
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - We have developed an in vitro system utilizing yeast cell-free extracts to
      catalyze recombination events between homologous plasmids containing different
      mutant alleles of the Tet or ARG4 genes. The reaction increased the frequency of
      Tcr or Arg+ transformants (recombinants) from 2 X 10(-6) to 1-3 X 10(-3).
      Linearizing one substrate between the two tet mutations stimulated the reaction 2
      to 4 fold. The reaction required rATP, Mg++, NAD, and DTT. The rad52-1 mutation
      decreased the reaction between linear and circular substrates 5 to 6 fold but had
      little effect with circular substrates. The structures of Tcr plasmids was
      analyzed by restriction endonuclease mapping and was consistent with a
      recombination reaction involving crossing-over and gene conversion. Recombination
      products were also observed directly by subjecting reaction mixtures to
      electrophoretic analysis. These results indicate that recombination events were
      catalyzed by the yeast extract.

PMID- 6360381
TI  - Dynamics of cytochemically distinct subpopulations of macrophages in elicited rat
      peritoneal exudates.
AB  - Qualitative and quantitative changes in rat peritoneal macrophage (M phi)
      subpopulations, differing in their ultrastructural peroxidatic staining
      characteristics were followed over the course of a thioglycollate (TG) broth
      induced inflammatory response. In addition, selected functional features of the
      normal steady-state and 4-day TG-induced populations of M phi were compared. The
      steady-state population consisted primarily of M phi with peroxidatic staining
      limited to the nuclear envelope (NE) and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER); such
      cells are called resident M phi. Within hours of TG injection, there was an
      influx of monocyte-derived exudate M phi, the number of which reached a maximum,
      by 24 hr. During the next 24 hr, the proportion of exudate M phi decreased with a
      concomitant increase in peroxidatic activity (PA)-negative M phi. These two cell
      types continued to predominate for the next 48 hr during which there was a
      gradual increase in resident M phi and so-called "exudate-resident" M phi, the
      latter of which exhibits both exudate and resident PA patterns. Thus, the 4-day
      TG-induced population consisted of four cytochemically distinct M phi
      subpopulations: approximately 50% PA-negative M phi, approximately 25% exudate M
      phi, approximately 15% resident M phi, and approximately 10% exudate-resident M
      phi. Differences in Fc receptors and complement receptors 1 and 3 were noted
      between the two populations in the presence of progenitors that give rise to
      colonies of M phi in liquid culture in response to murine-derived colony
      stimulating factor 1. The implications of these results in regard to the
      origin(s) of M phi diversity are discussed.

PMID- 6360383
TI  - Chloroquine inhibits the degradation of endocytic vesicles in human malaria
      parasites.

PMID- 6360382
TI  - Selective suppression by auto-anti-idiotypic antibody of B-cell idiotype
      repertoires generated after stimulation with the same hapten on T-dependent and T
      independent carriers.
AB  - In the present study, we investigated whether auto-anti-idiotypic antibody in the
      immune sera from old mice could recognize antitrinitrophenyl (TNP) plaque-forming
      cells (PFC) generated after stimulation with the T-dependent and T-independent
      forms of the hapten, TNP. Young and old C57BL/6J male mice were immunized with a
      variety of T-dependent (TNP-bovine gamma-globulin, TNP-BGG; TNP-keyhole Limpet
      hemocyanin, TNP-KLH; ovalbumin, OVA; bovine serum albumin, BSA; BGG) and T
      independent (TNP-Brucella abortus, TNP-BA; TBP-Ficoll; TNP-polyacrylamide beads,
      TNP-PAA) antigens either in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or in soluble form.
      Splenic anti-TNP or antiprotein PFC responses were assayed for anti-idiotype
      blocked, hapten- or protein-augmentable IgM, IgG and IgA PFC, 1-2 weeks after
      immunization. It was found that 8-month-old mice produced significantly a higher
      percentage of hapten augmentable (26-42%) IgM PFC response to T-independent
      antigens as compared with the 2-month-old mice (3-6% augmentation). Similarly,
      old mice produced a significantly higher percentage of hapten or protein
      augmentable (25-129%) IgG PFC response to T-dependent antigens as compared with
      the 2-month-old group (2-6% augmentation). The data support the view that age
      related regulation of auto-anti-idiotypic antibody is a general phenomenon for
      immune responses to T-dependent and T-independent antigens. Hapten-reversible
      inhibition of plaque formation was used to determine whether anti-idiotypic
      antibody containing antisera from old mice could inhibit B-cell idiotype
      repertoires generated after stimulation with the same hapten, TNP, on T-dependent
      and T-independent carriers. Pools of immune sera from 8-month-old mice primed
      with T-dependent TNP-BGG or TNP-KLH antigens but not with T-independent TNP-PAA
      or TNP-BA antigens, or with the proteins OVA, BSA, or BGG selectively inhibited
      IgM, IgG, and IgA anti-TNP PFC from 2-month-old mice that were previously primed
      with either TNP-BGG or TNP-KLH. In contrast, immune sera from old mice primed
      with TNP on either T-dependent or T-independent carriers inhibited anti-TNP PFC
      from mice primed with T-independent TNP-PAA or TNP-BA antigens. Immune sera from
      old mice primed with OVA or BSA only inhibited the respective antiprotein PFC.
      The immune sera from young mice did not show any appreciable inhibition of PFC
      generated after stimulation by any of the antigens studied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 6360384
TI  - Appearance of 50,000- and 52,000-dalton cAMP receptor proteins in the nucleoli of
      regressing MCF-7 human breast cancer upon estrogen withdrawal.
AB  - Affinity purified antibodies to type I and type II regulatory subunits (RI and
      RII, respectively) of cAMP-dependent protein kinase were utilized to identify and
      localize the cAMP receptor proteins in growing vs regressing MCF-7 tumors in nude
      mice. In the nuclear extracts of growing tumors the RI antibody
      immunoprecipitated cAMP receptor protein of 47,000 daltons, whereas the RII
      antibody precipitated 44,000- and 34,000-dalton cAMP receptor proteins. Following
      estrogen withdrawal, new species of cAMP receptor proteins with molecular weights
      of 50,000 and 52,000 appeared in the nuclei of regressing tumors. The 50,000- and
      52,000-dalton proteins were specifically precipitated by the RII antibody but not
      by RI antibody. Indirect immunofluorescence revealed that during regression of
      MCF-7 tumors, the intensity of immunofluorescence of RII antibody crossreacting
      cAMP binding proteins dramatically increased in the nucleoli whereas the
      immunofluorescence of RI remained the same. These results suggest a regulatory
      role of RII in mammary cancer regression.

PMID- 6360385
TI  - [30 years of the Institute for Postgraduate Education of Physicians and
      Pharmacists].

PMID- 6360386
TI  - [Incidence of group B streptococci in women].

PMID- 6360387
TI  - [The effect of the rooming-in system on uterine involution].

PMID- 6360388
TI  - [Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease].

PMID- 6360389
TI  - [Tardive dyskinesia as a complication of long-term administration of
      neuroleptics. A review of the literature].

PMID- 6360390
TI  - [Treatment of gastrointestinal infections by the administration of a mixture of
      selected, inactivated strains of enteropathogenic E. coli in premature children
      and infants].

PMID- 6360391
TI  - [30 years of the Department of Pediatrics at the Institute for Postgraduate
      Education of Physicians and Pharmacists and its future activity].

PMID- 6360392
TI  - [100 years since the birth of Dr. Jiri Brdlika, an important figure in
      Czechoslovak pediatrics (24 October 1883--6 July 1965)].

PMID- 6360394
TI  - Fluorescence enzyme immunoassay of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in dried blood
      samples on filter paper and its application to mass screening for congenital
      adrenal hyperplasia.

PMID- 6360393
TI  - Induction of repairable DNA damage in Escherichia coli and interaction with DNA
      in vitro by the radical cation of chlorpromazine.
AB  - Studies were performed to determine the DNA interactions of and the induction of
      cytotoxic effects by the radical cation (CPZ+.) formed enzymatically from
      chlorpromazine (CPZ): in the presence of native DNA the lifetime of CPZ+. is
      markedly increased. The decreased reactivity of CPZ+. in the presence of native
      DNA and the concomitant increased viscosity of CPZ+.-DNA complexes strongly
      support the assumption that CPZ+. does form intercalation complexes with DNA. The
      relative strong bacteriotoxicity of CPZ+. hindered the accurate determination of
      mutagenesis in various Salmonella indicator strains, but a test for repairable
      DNA damage in Escherichia coli using various repair-deficient strains indicated
      that the cytotoxic action of CPZ+. is in part due to DNA alterations which can be
      excised in wild-type DNA repair-proficient strains. After activation of CPZ with
      long wavelength UV light, genetic effects are observed in S. typhimurium strain
      TA98, as well as in the E. coli tester strains. The possible role of CPZ+. in the
      photosensitization of CPZ is discussed.

PMID- 6360395
TI  - Reaction of human immunoglobulin G against K. pneumoniae in the presence of
      complement.

PMID- 6360396
TI  - Partial purification of the enzyme obtained from the rat kidney microsomal
      membrane with succinyl trialanine p-nitroanilide-hydrolyzing activity and the one
      similar to signal peptidase.

PMID- 6360397
TI  - [Our experience with intermaxillary grafts].

PMID- 6360398
TI  - [Bone grafts].

PMID- 6360399
TI  - [Various therapeutic procedures in the treatment of dentomaxillary sequellae of
      cleft lip and palate].

PMID- 6360400
TI  - A phase I clinical trial of mefloquine in Brazilian male subjects.
AB  - A double-blind, randomized phase I clinical trial was carried out to compare
      mefloquine with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for safety and tolerance. Twenty adult
      male Brazilian subjects from areas endemic for malaria were studied for a period
      of 66 days, which included 2 days of basal studies and a 63-day follow-up after
      drug administration. Subjects received either mefloquine, given as a single oral
      dose of 1000 mg (4 x 250-mg tablets) or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (2 tablets,
      each containing 500 mg of sulfadoxine plus 25 mg of pyrimethamine). Clinical
      examination, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, and haematological, biochemical,
      stool, and urine analyses were carried out before drug administration and at
      various intervals afterwards. Peripheral blood smears were examined for malarial
      parasites.Both drugs were well tolerated and safe as seen from the absence of
      drug-induced changes in the various laboratory assay results. There was an
      improvement in body weight, red blood cell count, haemoglobin, and erythrocyte
      volume fraction values for all patients during the study. In subjects who had
      positive smears for Plasmodium falciparum, mefloquine produced complete clearance
      on day 1 with an S-type response (3 cases). Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine produced
      complete clearance on day 2 in 5 subjects, but a delayed RI-type response
      (recrudescence) was observed in 2 cases and an early RI response in one case. P.
      vivax relapses occurred in both groups. Side-effects of mefloquine included mild
      diarrhoea (20%) and dizziness (40%); dizziness was also observed with sulfadoxine
      pyrimethamine (20%). In both groups, side-effects were mild, short-lived and
      needed no specific treatment.Thus, mefloquine in an oral dose of 1000 mg was
      found to be well tolerated and safe in adult male Brazilian volunteers from
      endemic areas. No drug-related adverse reactions were observed. In cases where P.
      falciparum infection was present, there was a complete parasite clearance with no
      recrudescence.

PMID- 6360401
TI  - A phase II clinical trial of mefloquine in Brazilian male subjects.
AB  - Mefloquine was compared with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for safety and efficacy in
      a randomized, double-blind clinical trial in adult males from a malaria-endemic
      area of Brazil. A total of 99 oligosymptomatic and symptomatic volunteers with
      Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia took part in the trial; 49 were given 1000 mg
      of mefloquine and the remainder received 1500 mg of sulfadoxine plus 75 mg of
      pyrimethamine, in a single oral dose.Mefloquine was 100% successful in clearing
      parasitaemia within 7 days; there were no recrudescences. Sulfadoxine
      pyrimethamine was less successful; 35 cases showed an S-type response, 8 an RI
      response, 3 an RII, and 2 an RIII response. The side-effects of mefloquine were
      mild and transient and included headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and
      diarrhoea. A satisfactory weight gain and rise in haemoglobin level were seen in
      both groups.

PMID- 6360402
TI  - Epidemiology of seasonal falciparum malaria in an urban area of Senegal.
AB  - A 15-month longitudinal survey was carried out to examine entomological and
      parasitological aspects of human malaria transmission in Pikine, a city located
      in the Sudan savanna zone on the Cap Vert peninsula in the west of Senegal. The
      anopheline population was sampled twice weekly indoors by night human bait
      capture. During the same period, thick and thin blood films were collected from
      296 children at 2-month intervals. Anopheles arabiensis was the only species
      responsible for transmission of Plasmodium falciparum. The parasite rate showed a
      positive correlation with both the entomological inoculation rate and the
      vectorial capacity. In Pikine, malaria is epidemic and probably unstable, and the
      population enjoys a variable degree of immunity.

PMID- 6360403
TI  - The alleged association between artificial fluoridation of water supplies and
      cancer: a review.
AB  - Since 1945, artificial fluoridation of water supplies has been used with success
      to reduce the incidence of dental caries in many areas where the natural fluoride
      content of the water is low. However, since 1975, it has been maintained that
      such artificial fluoridation is followed by an increased risk of cancer. These
      allegations originate from a single source. The present review, which covers re
      examinations of the same data as well as evidence from scientific and
      governmental bodies in many countries, shows these assertions to be erroneous.

PMID- 6360404
TI  - Syntheses of hydroxyamino, nitroso and nitro derivatives of Trp-P-2 and Glu-P-1,
      amino acid pyrolysate mutagens, and their direct mutagenicities towards
      Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA98NR.
AB  - Hydroxyamino, nitroso and nitro derivatives of 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3
      b]indole (Trp-P-2) and 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P
      1), mutagens-carcinogens produced on pyrolysis of amino acids, were synthesized
      from Trp-P-2 and Glu-P-1. 3-Hydroxyamino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (N-OH
      Trp-P-2) and 2-hydroxyamino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (N-OH-Glu-P
      1) were obtained with good yields by controlled catalytic reduction of 3-nitro-1
      methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole and 2-nitro-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'
      d]imidazole. Subsequent oxidation of N-OH-Trp-P-2 and N-OH-Glu-P-1 with gamma
      manganese dioxide yielded 3-nitroso-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole and 2-nitroso
      6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole. All six synthesized compounds were
      mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium TA98 without mammalian activation systems.
      The mutagenic activities of hydroxyamino and nitroso derivatives were identical
      for both S. typhimurium TA98 and TA98NR, the nitroreductase deficient strain.
      However, nitro derivatives were essentially mutagenic only towards S. typhimurium
      TA98.

PMID- 6360405
TI  - Activation and detoxication of N-hydroxy-Trp-P-2 by glutathione and glutathione
      transferases.
AB  - The roles of non-enzymatic and enzymatic glutathione (GSH) conjugation in the
      activation and detoxication of 3-hydroxy-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (N
      OH-Trp-P-2) were studied in vitro. N-OH-Trp-P-2 is an active metabolite of 3
      amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-d]indole (Trp-P-2), a mutagenic and carcinogenic
      heterocyclic amine. 3-Nitroso-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (NO-Trp-P-2)
      reacted rapidly and non-enzymatically with GSH to form N-OH-Trp-P-2 and a small
      amount of two GSH conjugates (CN-1 and CN-2). On the other hand, non-enzymatic
      reaction of GSH with N-OH-Trp-P-2 was very slow, but the GSH conjugation with N
      OH-Trp-P-2 was catalyzed by rat liver GSH transferase and a rat liver cytosol
      fraction to form three conjugates (CH-1, CH-2 and CH-3). The enzymatic
      conjugation was effectively inhibited by organic tin compounds which are known as
      powerful GSH transferase inhibitors. The conjugates were unstable enough to yield
      Trp-P-2 (from CN-1, CN-2 and CH-2) or N-OH-Trp-P-2 (from CH-3) on incubation at
      37 degrees C for 30-60 min. Only CH-1 was stable under similar conditions. The
      mutagenicities of the GSH conjugates and the effects of GSH and GSH transferase
      were studied by using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 as the tester strain. The GSH
      conjugates except for CH-3 were completely detoxicated products, but CH-3 was
      found to be a more potent mutagen than N-OH-Trp-P-2. The mutagenicity of CH-3
      seemed to be due to the direct action of the conjugate, and not to N-OH-Trp-P-2
      formed from it.

PMID- 6360406
TI  - Aquilide A, a new mutagenic compound isolated from bracken fern (Pteridium
      aquilinum (L.) Kuhn).
AB  - A mutagenic compound, designated aquilide A, was isolated and identified from
      bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn). Aquilide A was found to be
      responsible for greater than 50% of the mutagenic activity observed after
      incubation of the methanol extract at alkaline conditions. This compound was
      found to be a potent genotoxic compound in mammalian cells in vitro and
      therefore, may be responsible for at least part of the carcinogenic activity of
      bracken. The instability of aquilide A under conditions normally encountered
      during analytical chemical procedures may explain why so many efforts to
      elucidate the carcinogenic factor(s) present in bracken have been unsuccessful.

PMID- 6360407
TI  - Mechanisms of chemical mutagenesis and carcinogenesis: effects on DNA replication
      of methylation at the O6-guanine position of dGTP.
AB  - The incorporation of O6-methyl-dGTP during DNA replication in vitro by 'Klenow'
      E. coli pol I was determined. O6-Methyl-dGTP was found to: (i) incorporate
      opposite T and C template residues, with a greater than 20-fold preference for T,
      and (ii) arrest DNA synthesis when incorporated in place of dATP at all but
      pyrimidine-rich growing-strand sequences. The significance of O6-methyl-dGTP
      incorporation during DNA biosynthesis in vivo for mutagenesis and carcinogenesis
      is discussed.

PMID- 6360408
TI  - The synthesis and mutagenicity of the N-formyl analog of N-hydroxyphenacetin.
AB  - The synthesis and purification of N-hydroxy-N-formyl-p-phenetidine (N-OH-FP) is
      described. This new compound was subjected to mutagenicity testing using
      Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538 both in the
      presence and absence of the post-mitochondrial fraction of rat liver homogenate.
      Simultaneous mutagenicity testing of the known phenacetin metabolite, N
      hydroxyphenacetin (N-OH-AP), was conducted with the same tester strains. The N
      formyl derived hydroxamic acid (N-OH-FP) was found to be a much stronger mutagen
      than N-hydroxy-phenacetin (N-OH-AP). Furthermore, N-OH-FP also behaved as a
      direct-acting mutagen unlike N-OH-AP. The chemical stabilities of N-OH-AP and N
      OH-FP were studied in phosphate buffer in the pH range of 3-8; and both the
      hydroxamic acids were found to be stable to the conditions employed. The results
      of this study support the hypothesis that enzymatic deacylation is an activation
      process for the expression of mutagenicity by hydroxamic acids.

PMID- 6360409
TI  - Inhibition of the mutagenicity of bay-region diol-epoxides of polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbons by phenolic plant flavonoids.
AB  - Myricetin, robinetin and luteolin inhibited the mutagenic activity resulting from
      the metabolic activation of benzo[a]-pyrene and (+/-)-trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8
      dihydrobenzo[a]-pyrene by rat liver microsomes. These naturally occurring plant
      flavonoids and seventeen additional flavonoids and related derivatives with
      phenolic hydroxyl groups inhibited the mutagenic activity of (+/-)-7 beta,8 alpha
      dihydroxy-9 alpha,10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10- tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P 7,8
      diol-9,10-epoxide-2), which is an ultimate mutagenic and carcinogenic metabolite
      of benzo[a]pyrene. Several flavonoids without phenolic hydroxyl groups or with
      methylated phenolic hydroxyl groups were inactive. The mutagenic activity of 0.05
      nmol of BP 7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide-2 towards strain TA 100 of S. typhimurium was
      inhibited 50% by incubation of the bacteria and the diol-epoxide with myricetin
      (2 nmol), robinetin (2.5 nmol), luteolin (5 nmol), quercetin (5 nmol), 7
      methoxyquercetin (5 nmol), rutin (5 nmol), quercetin (5 nmol), delphinidin
      chloride (5 nmol), morin (10 nmol), myricitrin (10 nmol), kaempferol (10 nmol),
      diosmetin (10 nmol), fisetin (10 nmol), or apigenin (10 nmol). Considerably less
      antimutagenic activity was observed for dihydroquercetin, naringenin, robinin, D
      catechin, genistein, kaempferide and chrysin. Pentamethoxyquercetin, tangeretin,
      nobiletin, 7,8-benzoflavone, 5,6-benzoflavone, and flavone, which lack free
      phenolic groups, were inactive. The antimutagenic activity of hydroxylated
      flavonoids results from their direct interaction with B[a]P 7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide
      2 since the rate of disappearance of the diol-epoxide from cell-free solutions in
      1:9 dioxane:water was markedly stimulated by myricetin, robinetin and quercetin.
      Myricetin was a highly potent inhibitor of the mutagenic activity of bay-region
      diol-epoxides of benzo[a]pyrene, dibenzo[a,h]pyrene and dibenzo[a,i]pyrene, but
      higher concentrations of myricetin were needed to inhibit the mutagenicity of the
      chemically less reactive benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-oxide and bay region diol-epoxides of
      benz[a]anthracene, chrysene and benzo[c]phenanthrene.

PMID- 6360410
TI  - Effect of bacteremia and fluid resuscitation on cardiac output.
AB  - The cardiac output acutely inducible by a 1-ml/kg/min saline infusion was
      observed in 12 septic and 7 nonseptic cynomolgus monkeys. In septic monkeys
      intravenous live E. coli were titrated to rapidly produce equivalent hypotension
      which was maintained for 1 hr before saline. Bacteria dose range was 1.3 X 10(11)
      bacteria/kg-400 X 10(11) bacteria/kg. There was no significant correlation
      between the dose of bacteria and the cardiac output nadir; however, the
      subsequent maximum cardiac output during saline resuscitation was significantly
      negatively correlated with the bacterial dose. In conclusion, widely varying
      amounts of intravenous bacteria can produce the same degree of hypotension and
      not correlate with cardiac output. In contrast, cardiac output measured early
      during subsequent saline resuscitation better predicts the severity of
      bacteremia.

PMID- 6360411
TI  - Release of vasoactive hormones and circulatory changes in shock.
AB  - Circulatory shock mechanisms that may result in the acute renal failure (ARF)
      syndrome are summarized. Both circulatory and neurohumoral mechanisms leading to
      the shock state and ARF are emphasized. Release of vasoactive hormones, with a
      review of vasodilators and vasoconstrictors, is discussed in terms of release
      mechanisms, onset of release, magnitude and duration of plasma elevation, and the
      basal plasma level of each. Hemodynamic diagnoses in shock in both the classical
      low cardiac output and the early sepsis high cardiac output syndromes are
      commented upon with emphasis on the importance of early diagnosis and adequate
      measurements of the circulatory state for optimum therapy. The septic
      hyperdynamic syndrome is reviewed with particular regard to changes in the renal
      circulation and function. Mechanisms of lactic acidemia in the hyperdynamic
      syndrome in the presence of adequate nutrient tissue flow are discussed.
      Elevations of vasoactive hormones and their relationship to the early shock state
      are mentioned. Their elevations in late shock are reviewed with critical comments
      given as to the possible interactions and importance of the vasodilator and
      vasoconstrictor actions on organ function and survival. Blood pressure alone is
      not a good indicator of progress in the management of septic shock.

PMID- 6360412
TI  - Mechanisms of protection in acute renal failure.
AB  - It has been generally accepted that renal ischemia, tubular obstruction, and the
      back-leak of glomerular filtrate are major factors involved in the pathogenesis
      of acute renal failure (ARF). Experimental studies have been conducted using
      various therapeutic measures to eliminate the adverse effects of these factors
      and thereby preserve renal function. These therapeutic measures include the use
      of pharmacologic agents such as vasodilators, diuretics, and calcium channel
      blockers, and saline or Ringer's volume expansion. Though experimental results
      appear encouraging, attempts to prevent ARF in humans have been generally
      unsuccessful. The administration of furosemide, however, has resulted in the
      conversion of oliguric ARF to nonoliguric ARF in some patients. With the
      development of experimental ARF models in which renal function is preserved, such
      as our splenectomized model, the mechanism(s) involved in the pathogenesis of ARF
      can be further delineated. Thus, more effective therapeutic interventions may be
      available for the treatment and prevention of human ARF.

PMID- 6360413
TI  - Comparative effect of disopyramide and ethmozine in suppressing complex
      ventricular arrhythmias by use of a double-blind, placebo-controlled,
      longitudinal crossover design.
AB  - This placebo-controlled, double-blind, longitudinal crossover study compares the
      efficacy of disopyramide and ethmozine, a new investigational drug, in
      suppressing frequent (40 or more per hour) ventricular premature depolarizations
      (VPDs) in 27 patients completing a 37 day protocol. Although both drugs
      significantly reduced VPDs relative to placebo, ethmozine was a superior
      antiarrhythmic drug in ach9eving near-total abolition of VPDs (30% of patients),
      which was never observed during disopyramide dosing (p less than .05). At the 80%
      VPD reduction level, ethmozine was effective in 56% of all patients compared with
      an effectiveness in only 22% of patients during disopyramide therapy (p less than
      .05). The mean peak plasma level of ethmozine was 0.66 +/- 0.8 micrograms/ml,
      which significantly fell to a trough level of 0.1 +/- 0.08 micrograms/ml (p less
      than .001). Mean peak and trough plasma levels of disopyramide exhibited less
      fluctuation (2.6 +/- 0.9 micrograms/ml vs 2.2 +/- 0.9 micrograms/ml). Ethmozine
      had no effect on the QT interval, whereas disopyramide prolonged it
      significantly. Importantly, while disopyramide produced serious side effects in
      30% of patients, ethmozine was well tolerated with no statistically significant
      side effects compared with placebo.

PMID- 6360414
TI  - Effects of therapy with cholestyramine on progression of coronary
      arteriosclerosis: results of the NHLBI Type II Coronary Intervention Study.
AB  - In the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Type II Coronary Intervention
      Study, patients with Type II hyperlipoproteinemia and coronary artery disease
      (CAD) were placed on a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet and then were randomly
      allocated to receive either 6 g cholestyramine four times daily or placebo. This
      double-blind study evaluated the effects of cholestyramine on the progression of
      CAD as assessed by angiography. Diet alone reduced the low-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol 6% in both groups. After randomization, low-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol decreased another 5% in the placebo group and 26% in the
      cholestyramine-treated group. Coronary angiography was performed in 116 patients
      before and after 5 years of treatment. CAD progressed in 49% (28 of 57) of the
      placebo-treated patients vs 32% (19 of 59) of the cholestyramine-treated patients
      (p less than .05). When only definite progression was considered, 35% (20 of 57)
      of the placebo-treated patients vs 25% (15 of 59) of the cholestyramine-treated
      patients exhibited definite progression; the difference was not statistically
      significant. However, when this analysis was performed with adjustment for
      baseline inequalities of risk factors, effect of treatment was more pronounced.
      Of lesions causing 50% or greater stenosis at baseline, 33% of placebo-treated
      and 12% of cholestyramine-treated patients manifested lesion progression (p less
      than .05). Similar analyses with other end points (percent of baseline lesions
      that progressed, lesions that progressed to occlusion, lesions that regressed,
      size of lesion change, and all cardiovascular end points) all favored the
      cholestyramine-treated group, but were not statistically significant. Thus,
      although the sample size does not allow a definitive conclusion to be drawn, this
      study suggests that cholestyramine treatment retards the rate of progression of
      CAD in patients with Type II hyperlipoproteinemia.

PMID- 6360416
TI  - A fluorescent immunoassay for theophylline: description and comparison to enzyme
      immunoassay, liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay.
AB  - A fluorescent immunoassay for theophylline is described and comparatively
      evaluated with radioimmunoassay, high-performance liquid chromatography, and
      enzyme immunoassay. Fifty sera were collected from 43 patients of a large acute
      care medical facility, many of whom were suffering from other diseases in
      addition to bronchial asthma or apnea of the newborn, and were receiving other
      medication besides theophylline. Assays of theophylline in each serum sample were
      performed by each of the 4 procedures. The four methods showed comparable
      results, although each method had at least one unexplained outlier. Nevertheless,
      all methods seemed suitable for routine chemistry laboratory use. Three of the
      techniques have been available for several years, but unexplained erroneous
      levels are sometimes obtained for every procedure.

PMID- 6360415
TI  - The influence of changes in lipid values induced by cholestyramine and diet on
      progression of coronary artery disease: results of NHLBI Type II Coronary
      Intervention Study.
AB  - The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Type II Coronary Intervention Study,
      a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, evaluated the efficacy of reduction in
      cholesterol levels induced by cholestyramine on progression of coronary artery
      disease (CAD). The rate of CAD progression in patients treated with
      cholestyramine plus diet was compared with that of patients treated with placebo
      plus diet. CAD progression was defined angiographically. Significant decrease in
      total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) and
      increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), as well as in HDLc/TC
      and HDLc/LDLc ratios, were observed with cholestyramine. HDLc change was due to
      increase in HDL2A and HDL2B. When the relationship between CAD progression and
      lipid changes was examined independent of specific treatment group, a significant
      inverse relationship was found between progression at 5 years and the combination
      of an increase in HDLc and a decrease in LDLc; changes in HDLc/TC and HDLc/LDLc
      were the best predictors of CAD change. While the testing of these relationships
      independent of treatment group was not part of the initial study design, the
      trends were observed in both the placebo-treated and cholestyramine-treated
      groups. Moreover, with multivariate analysis, the effect of cholestyramine
      treatment on CAD progression was eliminated by adding changes in HDLc/TC to the
      regression model. These findings support the hypothesis that increases in HDLc
      and decreases in TC (or LDLc) can prevent or delay CAD progression.

PMID- 6360418
TI  - Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1: Its usefulness as a screening test in
      diagnosis of myocardial infarction.
AB  - Immunological assay of LD-1 activity provides a quantitative measurement of the
      type of lactate dehydrogenase (LD, EC 1.1.1.27) activity characteristic of
      myocardial origin. Using this test, a laboratory diagnosis of myocardial
      infarction can be either ruled out or confirmed in approximately 75% of patients
      in whom this diagnosis is suspected, without electrophoretic separation of
      creatine kinase (CK, EC 2.7.3.2.) and LD isoenzymes. Normal total CK and LD
      activities cannot be used to rule out myocardial infarction since CK-MB and LD-1
      may have increased although total activities remain within their reference
      ranges. LD-1 activity increases as quickly as CK-MB following the onset of pain
      in the majority of patients but it remains elevated longer giving a greater
      period of time during which the diagnosis of myocardial infarction can be
      confirmed.

PMID- 6360417
TI  - An evaluation of the immunochemical LD-1 method in routine clinical practice.
AB  - We report our extended clinical experience with the use of an immunochemical
      method for LD-1 assay in 260 unselected, consecutive patients admitted with the
      clinical suspicion of recent myocardial infarction (M.I.). We determined on every
      patient total creatine kinase (CK) and total lactate dehydrogenase (LD) enzyme
      activity, and performed electrophoresis for LD isoenzymes as well as the heart
      specific band of creatine kinase (CK-MB). An immunochemical assay for the heart
      specific isoenzyme of LD (LD-1) was also performed. The timing of the samples was
      determined by the clinicians according to routine clinical protocols in the
      coronary care units. The diagnosis was based on the usual combination of
      clinical, electrocardiographic (EKG) and laboratory findings, and was arrived at
      independently by the clinician. In this extended series, the overall efficiency
      of the immunochemical LD-1 assay for the proper classification of the patients
      according with the discharge diagnosis was 92%. For CK-MB it was 90%, for EKG 77%
      and for LD electrophoresis 76%. The immunochemical LD-1 assay required no special
      instruments or highly skilled technicians and is probably the method of choice
      for the stat evaluation of recent M.I.

PMID- 6360419
TI  - Immunoprecipitation and electrophoresis used to demonstrate and evaluate
      interference by CK-BB and atypical-CK's with CK-MB determinations by
      immunoinhibition.

PMID- 6360420
TI  - Routine screening for prostatic cancer by assay of serum acid phosphatase: a
      modest proposal.

PMID- 6360421
TI  - Serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol concentration in diabetic patients receiving a
      continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin.

PMID- 6360422
TI  - Immunofixation cannot replace immunoelectrophoresis.

PMID- 6360423
TI  - Noncompetitive enzyme-linked immunoassay for apolipoprotein B in serum.
AB  - We used a noncompetitive enzyme-linked immunoassay to measure apolipoprotein B
      (apo-B) concentration in human plasma. Goat anti-lipoprotein B immunoglobulins
      were adsorbed to the surface of polystyrene balls. After washing, this solid
      phase antibody was incubated with antigen (plasma from normal or
      hyperlipoproteinemic fasting subjects), washed, and then incubated with
      peroxidase-labeled goat anti-lipoprotein B IgG. After a last washing, we measured
      the bound label, which provided a direct measurement of the antigen. Under
      optimized assay conditions, the minimum detectable concentration was 50 ng per
      assay. The assay may be used to measure apo-B in different lipoprotein fractions
      (low- or very-low-density) and yields values that compared favorably with those
      obtained by electroimmunoassay (r = 0.86). The assay offers several advantages
      over existing techniques: sensitivity, specificity, simplicity, avoidance of
      radioisotopes, and potential for use with monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 6360424
TI  - Degradation of beta 2-microglobulin in infected urine by leukocyte elastase-like
      activity.
AB  - Loss of beta 2-microglobulin in human urine at near neutral pH is described. beta
      2-Microglobulin was found to be unstable at pH 7.4 in 15 out of 70 specimens with
      bacterial infection. Breakdown of this protein was shown to be most active
      between pH 6.5 and 8.0 but some proteolysis also occurred between pH 5.0 and 6.0.
      Evidence that proteolysis of beta 2-microglobulin near neutral pH is due to
      neutrophil elastase-like activity was obtained by the following methods: use of
      the model elastase substrate L-pyroglutamyl-L-prolyl-L-valine-p-nitroanilide and
      the specific inhibitor 2-trifluoroacetylaminobenzenesulphonyl fluoride; use of
      neutrophil granule extracts and determination of the size distribution of beta 2
      microglobulin proteolytic fragments. If increased numbers of pus cells are
      present, it is suggested that screening for elastase-like proteolysis should be
      undertaken before interpreting a measurement of beta 2-microglobulin.

PMID- 6360425
TI  - Sensitive estimation of immunoglobulin M in cerebrospinal fluid by an
      immunoenzymatic technique.

PMID- 6360426
TI  - A rapid semi quantitative capillary enzyme immunoassay for digoxin.
AB  - A rapid and sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) which does not require highly
      trained personnel or specialised instrumentation is described for the estimation
      of digoxin in serum, plasma or whole blood samples. The method is based on the
      ability of digoxin in a clinical sample to inhibit the binding of urease
      conjugated sheep-antidigoxin immunoglobulin to a glass capillary tube coated
      internally with a human serum albumin-digoxin conjugate. The bound enzyme
      activity can then be measured using a substrate solution containing urea and a pH
      indicator, most suitably bromocresol purple. The enzymic hydrolysis of urea
      produces ammonia which causes a vivid yellow to purple colour change in the pH
      indicator. Plasma samples from 92 patients receiving digoxin were screened in
      parallel with reference plasma containing 1.3 or 3.8 nmol/l digoxin. The results
      were available within a total test time of 30 min, and showed excellent
      correlation with those obtained by radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 6360427
TI  - A radioimmunoassay of human prealbumin in body fluids.
AB  - Prealbumin (PA) was purified 35-fold from human serum and antibodies raised
      against it in rabbits. A 2-hour radioimmunoassay (RIA) using polyethyleneglycol
      (PEG) to separate bound and free PA was used to determine levels in body fluids.
      Using patient serum specimens the new method was compared with an
      electroimmunoassay (EIA) method and the regression equation obtained was: y =
      1.13x - 9.91. The RIA and EIA methods compared favourably with respect to
      precision to practicability and economy. The RIA method seems especially suitable
      for large scale assays of PA and is 100 times more sensitive than EIA.
      Preliminary estimations of PA with the RIA method in plasma, cerebrospinal
      fluids, amniotic fluids, duodenal juices and urines were carried out. The results
      indicate that this method can be conveniently used to assay PA in body fluids
      where the protein is present in low concentration.

PMID- 6360428
TI  - The PM distribution: a model for interpreting LD isoenzyme patterns.
AB  - We present a method for inferring from the lactate dehydrogenase (LD) isoenzyme
      pattern in serum or interstitial fluid the estimated distribution of a cellular
      parameter PM in the cell population from which LD was released. PM is defined as
      the fraction of M monomer (one of two gene products which may serve as subunits
      of the LD tetramer) available in a particular cell. The distribution of PM
      represents a more fundamental characterization of cellular biochemistry than the
      serum LD pattern. We apply the method to LD patterns from the literature and
      illustrate the advantage of this approach over simple inspection or piece-by
      piece statistical analysis of LD patterns.

PMID- 6360429
TI  - Validation of radioimmunoassay for estradiol-17 beta by isotope dilution-mass
      spectrometry and by a test of radiochemical purity.
AB  - Isotope dilution-mass spectrometry (ID-MS) was used as a reference method to
      determine the concentration of estradiol-17 beta (E2) in five different plasma
      pools (concentrations ranging from 0.040 to 65 nmol/l). The same plasma pools
      were also subjected to radioimmunoassay (RIA) using five different antisera of
      largely varying specificity. With the best antiserum (E), a direct RIA apparently
      gave accurate results (i.e. results statistically indistinguishable from those
      obtained by ID-MS) at all levels except the lowest one (0.040 nmol/l). It was
      shown, however, that the apparent accuracy of this RIA to some extent could be
      due to a lowering effect of lipids in the serum masking a lack of specificity of
      the antibodies. With the least specific antiserum (A), accurate results were
      obtained only after chromatography. However, in the assay of the lowest
      concentration of E2 with this antiserum there was a significant overestimation,
      even after chromatography. The other three antisera (B, C, D) of average quality
      gave accurate results in assays of plasma diethyl ether extracts in various
      numbers of the plasma pools tested, depending on their intrinsic specificity.
      This specificity was not correlated with the cross-reaction reported for
      individual antisera. ID-MS is difficult to use in most laboratories. We
      demonstrate here that the validity of a RIA may in this case be assessed by a
      relatively simple method, the test of radiochemical purity (RP-test). This test
      is based on the measurements of specific activity (e.g. dpm/pg) in small
      consecutive fractions of the chromatographic zone which is usually employed for
      the RIA.

PMID- 6360430
TI  - Examination of a competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay (CELIA) technique and a
      laser nephelometric immunoassay technique for the measurement of apolipoprotein
      B.
AB  - A competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay (CELIA) technique for quantitative
      measurement of apolipoprotein B (Apo B) was developed. The method is a non
      isotopic immunoassay that utilizes a soluble enzyme/antibody complex as a
      universal labeling reagent. The method was characterized according to precision,
      sensitivity, recovery and parallelism. The CELIA Apo B method was compared to a
      commercially available laser nephelometric immunoassay. We found that the
      nephelometric results were highly correlated with triglyceride levels and the
      nephelometric assay was susceptible to interference from lipemia or turbidity.
      The range of values obtained on 56 apparently healthy, fasting young adults was
      0.35-1.25 g/l by the CELIA method and 0.40-1.00 g/l by the nephelometric
      immunoassay. The nephelometric method was more precise (coefficient of variation
      5%) than the CELIA technique (CV 10%); however, the CELIA method seems to be less
      sensitive to interferences.

PMID- 6360431
TI  - Effect of fenfluramine on prolactin secretion in obese patients: evidence for
      serotoninergic regulation of prolactin in man.
AB  - The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of serotoninergic
      stimulation on prolactin (PRL) secretion in man. Fenfluramine (60 mg, orally), an
      anorexiant drug which under acute circumstances stimulates the serotoninergic
      system, was administered to eight obese patients. Compared with placebo, drug
      administration increased PRL significantly (P less than 0.05 at 180 and 300 min,
      P less than 0.01 at 240 min). No significant changes were observed after
      fenfluramine in blood pressure, plasma aldosterone (PA), plasma cortisol, plasma
      renin activity, serum electrolytes or growth hormone. Since it has been reported
      that dopaminergic blockade raises PA concentration, the lack of change in PA in
      obese patients treated with fenfluramine suggests that the observed increase in
      PRL induced by fenfluramine is likely to be mediated by serotoninergic
      stimulation.

PMID- 6360432
TI  - Influence of obesity on basal glucagon levels in non-diabetic and diabetic
      Nauruans.
AB  - Basal plasma glucagon (IRG), insulin (IRI) and glucose levels were measured in
      normal weight (Body Mass Index (BMI) less than 30) and obese (BMI greater than or
      equal to 30) non-diabetic and diabetic Micronesians (n = 30) on Nauru Island.
      This population has a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus. IRG levels were
      significantly higher (P less than 0.02) in the non-diabetic obese, compared to
      the non-diabetic lean subjects (109 +/- 19 vs 44 +/- 12 SEM pg/ml, respectively)
      and there was a significant positive correlation between basal IRG and BMI (r =
      0.79, P less than 0.001). IRG levels were similar in diabetic obese and diabetic
      lean subjects. The pathophysiological significance of the hyperglucagonaemia in
      these obese subjects is not known, although it may be related to the frequent
      development of diabetes in this unique population.

PMID- 6360433
TI  - Evidence for dopaminergic control of aldosterone in man.
AB  - The effect of L-dopa (0.50 g, orally) on serum aldosterone, cortisol and
      potassium levels, plasma renin activity, and on urinary aldosterone excretion has
      been studied in normotensive subjects, before and after dexamethasone-induced
      ACTH suppression. L-dopa caused a further reduction in the levels of aldosterone
      but not cortisol, in the dexamethasone treated subjects. It is therefore
      suggested that the inhibitory action of L-dopa on aldosterone secretion is
      mediated by the dopaminergic system.

PMID- 6360434
TI  - The effects of oral and combined parenteral/oral immunization against an
      experimental Escherichia coli urinary tract infection in mice.
AB  - A double oral immunization (PO/PO) with an outer membrane protein (OMP) from a
      human uropathogenic strain of Escherichia coli, resulted in the partial
      protection of mice infected per urethrally with the same strain. Complete
      protection was achieved by immunizing with OMP in Freund's complete adjuvant
      (FCA), intramuscularly (i.m.), followed by an oral boost (i.m./PO). The PO/PO
      protocol stimulated mainly local urinary antibody synthesis, particularly IgA,
      whilst the i.m./PO regimen resulted in the appearance of both serum and urine
      antibodies. A single dose of OMP, 6 days after infection, rendered the mice
      resistant to reinfection, in contrast to non-immunized mice, and led to a
      significant increase in urine, serum and bile IgA anti-OMP levels. Our results
      confirm previous reports that the urinary tract forms part of the common mucosal
      immune system and provides further evidence for immunological memory in mucosal
      immunity. These results also demonstrate that our OMP preparation is a highly
      effective immunizing antigen, and that such preparations may be suitable as oral
      vaccines against urinary tract infection in humans.

PMID- 6360435
TI  - The effects of female sex steroids on the development of autoimmune thyroiditis
      in thymectomized and irradiated rats.
AB  - Female PVG/c strain rats are more susceptible to the induction of autoimmune
      thyroiditis initiated by thymectomy and irradiation (Tx-X) than similarly treated
      males. Pre-pubertal ovariectomy was found to further augment this susceptibility.
      The administration of oestrogen or progesterone to groups of 4 week old
      ovariectomized Tx-X animals over a period of 15 weeks significantly altered the
      course of the events leading to the induction of this condition. Thus oestrogen
      administered repeatedly at dose levels of 1 microgram and 10 micrograms/100 g
      body weight resulted in partial suppression of thyroiditis with a corresponding
      change in the incidence of antibodies to thyroglobulin. Similarly, oestrogen
      administered by a single implantation had a suppressive effect on the development
      of autoimmunity in ovariectomized Tx-X females. Oestrogen given by either of
      these procedures also reduced the incidence of both thyroiditis and autoantibody
      induction in orchidectomized male Tx-X rats. In contrast to the inhibitory
      effects of oestrogen, the repeated administration of progesterone at a dose of
      250 ng and 1,500 micrograms/100 g body weight appeared to augment the levels of
      autoimmunity. It is concluded that the differential susceptibility to the
      induction of autoimmunity by thymectomy and irradiation is the direct consequence
      of sex hormonal influences. Furthermore, the higher incidence of the disease in
      the female would appear to be determined by the balance between the activity of
      oestrogen and progesterone which would further appear to have antagonistic
      influences in this particular situation.

PMID- 6360436
TI  - Marked reduction of DNA antibody production and glomerulopathy in thymulin (FTS
      Zn) or cyclosporin A treated (NZB X NZW) F1 mice.
AB  - In this study we have evaluated the action of two compounds, cyclosporin A (Cy A)
      and thymulin (FTS-Zn) in old (NZB X NZW) F1 male mice which develop severe
      autoimmune disease. Compared with control mice, thymulin and Cy A treated mice
      already showed by 2 weeks a dramatic diminution of their anti-DNA antibody level
      which remained low throughout the treatment period and persisted for 7 weeks
      afterwards. Renal specimens were studied by direct immunofluorescence in Cy A and
      thymulin treated mice. Glomerular deposits were decreased compared with control
      mice; these differences were particularly clearcut for IgG1 and IgG2 deposits.
      Finally, thymulin (FTS-Zn) and Cy A appeared to induce the same improvement of
      DNA titres and glomerulopathy in (NZB X BW) F1 mice.

PMID- 6360437
TI  - Cultured human endothelial cells display an antigen that is recognized by certain
      human anti-chromatin autoantibodies.
AB  - Certain human anti-nucleosome autoantibodies cross-reacted specifically with an
      antigen on the surface of human vascular endothelial cells. This was shown by two
      different techniques. First, antibodies eluted from the surface of cultured
      endothelial cells bound to cell nuclei; this binding was inhibited by soluble
      mononucleosomes. Second, X-ANA, specifically isolated by their affinity to
      polynucleosomes, stained the plasma membranes of single cell suspensions of
      endothelial cells in the indirect immunofluorescence test. Several lines of
      evidence excluded Fc receptor-mediated binding of Ig to the cells. Thus, plasma
      membranes of vascular endothelial cells and chromatin bear an antigen that is
      serologically related.

PMID- 6360438
TI  - A serum antibody in patients with rheumatoid arthritis stimulates cathepsin B
      activity in peritoneal mouse macrophages.
AB  - Mouse peritoneal macrophages were stimulated by sera from patients with active
      rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to increased intracellular cathepsin B activity. By gel
      filtration of three RA sera, the stimulatory activity was found in the IgG and to
      a lesser extent in the IgM containing fraction. The DEAE-cellulose purified IgG
      preparations of five additional RA patients stimulated intracellular cathepsin B
      activity significantly above IgG from healthy controls. IgG and IgM antibodies to
      macrophages were detected in sera from RA patients but not from controls by
      indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) technique. Pepsin F (ab')2 fragments of IgG
      from the RA patients also gave clearcut membrane fluorescent staining of the
      macrophages which demonstrated the antibody nature of the binding. A good
      correlation between the cathepsin B assay and the IIF was found when serial
      dilutions of serum were compared.

PMID- 6360439
TI  - The skin test antigen stimulated killer (STAK) cell mediating NK like CMC is OKM1
      positive and OKT3 negative.
AB  - Recently we demonstrated that candida antigen stimulated natural killer cell like
      cell-mediated cytolysis (NK like CMC) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells
      (PBMNC) isolated from normal individuals (Tartof et al., 1980). Utilizing
      monoclonal antibodies directed against human mononuclear cell subpopulations in
      conjunction with a fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) we determined that,
      similar to the previously described NK cell, the skin test antigen stimulated
      killer (STAK) cell is a larger OKM1 positive, OKT3 negative cell. We obtained
      similar results using two different skin test antigens. Thus, stimulation of NK
      like CMC in PBMNC by skin test antigens probably represents activation of NK or
      NK like cells.

PMID- 6360440
TI  - Characterization of immunological depression in mice exposed to normobaric
      oxygen.
AB  - Immunological cell functions were evaluated during 24, 48 and 96 h O2 exposure in
      C57Bl/6 mice. A normobaric O2 exposure resulted in depression of delayed type
      hypersensitivity (DTH) to oxazolone and Staphylococcus aureus antigens. This
      effect was proportional to the duration of O2 exposure. The antibody response of
      splenic cells was more rapidly (24 h O2 exposure) and markedly depressed using a
      T-dependent antigen (sheep red blood cell, SRBC) than with a T-independent
      antigen (trinitrophenylated lipopolysaccharide, TNP-LPS). While mitogen-induced
      proliferative responses of spleen cells to Con A and PHA were inhibited after 72
      h of O2 exposure, proliferative responses to LPS were inhibited after 96 h. A
      dissociated antigen and mitogen responses was observed after a short time of O2
      exposure (48 h): the antigen specific responses were impaired with a more
      pronounced effect on T lymphocytes, whereas the DNA synthesis in response to
      mitogen remained normal.

PMID- 6360441
TI  - Phorbol myristate acetate stimulated NBT test: a simple method suitable for
      antenatal diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.
AB  - When endotoxin was compared with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) for stimulation
      of phagocytes in the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test, both methods discriminated
      between affected patients with X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and
      controls, but only the PMA NBT test distinguished female carriers of CGD.
      Endotoxin provided no stimulation of normal fetal blood whereas PMA was an
      effective stimulator. Our results indicate the superiority of the PMA NBT test
      for diagnosis of patients and carriers of CGD and should allow accurate antenatal
      diagnosis of the disease.

PMID- 6360442
TI  - The production of human A and B blood group like substances by in vitro
      maintained second stage Toxocara canis larvae: their presence on the outer larval
      surfaces and in their excretions/secretions.
AB  - In vitro maintained second stage Toxocara canis larvae do not bind polyclonal
      anti-human A or B blood group antibodies onto their outer surface at 37 degrees C
      as detected by indirect fluorescence. When larvae are incubated at 2 degrees C
      under the same experimental conditions, intense fluorescence over the whole outer
      surface is observed. Re-incubation of such larvae at 37 degrees C results in a
      gradual loss of surface fluorescence. This loss is complete after 3 h. The
      excretions/secretions (ES) of in vitro maintained larvae can neutralize the
      reactivity of polyclonal anti-human A and B typing antisera against their
      respective erythrocytic antigens. Rabbits infected with T. canis infective eggs
      or immunized with ES produce elevated isohaemagglutinin titres against A and B
      erythrocyte antigens. The presence of epitopes, on the outer surfaces of T. canis
      larvae and in ES, which cross-react with human ABO blood group antibodies must be
      borne in mind when larvae or their products are used for the serodiagnosis of
      human toxocaral larva migrans.

PMID- 6360443
TI  - Liver cell membrane antibody detected by protein A and isolated rabbit liver
      plasma membrane in sera of patients with chronic liver diseases.
AB  - Using the plasma membrane fraction isolated from rabbit liver (RLPM), we detected
      non-species specific IgG antibody against liver cell surface membrane in the sera
      from the patients with chronic liver diseases. The sea were treated with
      dithiothreitol and iodoacetamide, and absorbed with sufficient amount of actin
      isolated from rabbit striated muscles. The antibody was detected by incubation of
      RLPM with the treated and absorbed sera and subsequent determination of IgG bound
      to RLPM by 125I-staphylococcal protein A. It was found mainly in the patients
      with autoimmune hepatitis (12 of 28) and liver cirrhosis (eight of 24). It
      occurred more frequently in HBsAg negative liver cirrhosis than in HBsAg positive
      forms (six of 13 vs two of 11). The frequency of the antibody was low in chronic
      hepatitis except autoimmune hepatitis, and primary biliary cirrhosis. Thus the
      antibody against RLPM was an immunological marker of autoimmune hepatitis and
      HBsAg negative liver cirrhosis. The occurrence did not correlate with those of
      anti-smooth muscle antibody, anti-nuclear antibody and anti-mitochondrial
      antibody. In two cases of autoimmune hepatitis, the antibody against RLPM
      decreased with clinical improvement induced by corticosteroids.

PMID- 6360444
TI  - Characterization of monocyte maturation in adherent and suspension cultures and
      its application to study monocyte differentiation in Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Monocytes purified with cell scatter monitored counterflow centrifugation were
      cultured in plastic (adherent) and in teflon culture bags (suspension).
      Sequential changes were monitored during 15 days by measuring intracellular
      activity of three enzymes of intermediary metabolism: glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) and isocitrate
      dehydrogenase (ICDH), and the two acid hydrolases: acid phosphatase (ACP) and N
      acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG). In teflon grown macrophages a significantly
      lower G-6-PDH activity was seen after 15 days in comparison to plastic adherent
      macrophages (P less than 0.0002). For the other enzymes similar values for both
      culture modalities were found. The significantly, cycloheximide insensitive,
      higher values for G-6-PDH, PHI and ICDH in 2 h plastic adherent monocytes in
      comparison with plastic non-adherent monocytes, suggest a relationship between
      adherent capacity and the level of intermediary metabolism. The overall yield of
      plastic adherent macrophages after 15 days was 35% in contrast with 89% for the
      in suspension cultured macrophages. This corroborates the existence of adherent
      and non-adherent monocytes, both capable of differentiation in vitro. In 14
      patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease (HD) and 14 normal controls, monocyte
      differentiation was studied applying both culture modalities. The enzyme levels,
      reflecting growth and intermediary metabolism, were similar for both groups. The
      adherent capacity and yield, both in teflon and in plastic, after 15 days was
      comparable for both groups. It was concluded that in vitro monocyte
      differentiation in the presence of autologous serum was qualitatively and
      quantitatively normal in advanced HD; this is in favour of an intrinsically
      normal function of monocytes in HD.

PMID- 6360445
TI  - Characterization of polyclonal autoantibodies specific for beta 2-microglobulin
      in multiple myeloma sera.
AB  - Among 185 sera from 62 patients with multiple myeloma, two serum samples with
      high beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) binding activity (S beta 2m-BA) were
      investigated. The S beta 2m-BA was shown to be distinct from the monoclonal
      component and to be represented by autoantibody of the IgG class. These
      antibodies were specific for beta 2m. They formed macromolecular complexes with
      beta 2m, indicating that at least two distinct epitopes of beta 2m can be
      recognized by these antibody molecules. The association-dissociation constants
      and antigen binding capacities of these autoantibodies were compared with that of
      monoclonal or polyclonal heterologous antibodies.

PMID- 6360446
TI  - The distribution of lymphoid and macrophage like cell subsets of sarcoid and
      Kveim granulomata: possible mechanism of negative PPD reaction in sarcoidosis.
AB  - Immunohistological observations of lymphoid and non-lymphoid cell subsets in
      biopsies of sarcoid skin granulomas have been compared with positive Kveim tests
      and the sites of PPD injection in sarcoid patients. Monoclonal antibodies have
      been used in indirect immunofluorescence often in combination with histochemical
      methods for the detailed characterization of the cells involved. The antibodies
      used included two new reagents, RFD-1 and RFD-2, which react with interdigitating
      cells and acid phosphatase positive macrophages, respectively. Sarcoid granulomas
      had a distinctive pattern of organization though there was a heterogeneity of
      macrophage like and T lymphoid cells. In the centre, predominantly HLA-DR+, acid
      phosphatase positive macrophages (RFD-2+) were seen and the lymphoid cells were
      almost exclusively T4+. At the periphery of the granulomas the HLA-DR+ dendritic
      cells were ACP negative and RFD-1+. Here T8+ cells were admixed with the T4+
      population. The Kveim granuloma had fewer RFD-2+, macrophages and therefore the
      RFD-1+ cells were more evenly distributed, but the other cells showed a similar
      distribution to the established lesions. The PPD injection sites contained fewer
      T cells than the normal control infiltrates in PPD positive healthy individuals.
      The T4+/T8+ ratios were about 3:2. The most likely explanation for the PPD anergy
      in sarcoidosis is the sluggish traffic of T4+ cells which could be due to the
      sequestration of T4+ cells in sites of ongoing inflammation.

PMID- 6360447
TI  - Purification and characterization of the Sjogren's syndrome A and B antigens.
AB  - In sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren's syndrome
      (SS), antibodies are present in high titres to small cellular proteins which may
      be involved in RNA processing. In this study we used affinity chromatography with
      antibodies isolated from patients sera to purify two cellular antigens; SS-A (Ro)
      from human spleen and SS-B (La) from rabbit thymus. Both antigens co-purified as
      a molecular complex from human thymus. The protein components were acidic though
      SS-A was resistant, and SS-B sensitive to trypsin. On polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis SS-A migrated as a single 55K polypeptide and SS-B as 40-45K
      polypeptides with a 29K degradation product. All of these polypeptides were
      reactive in the western blot with their respective antibodies from characterized
      sera and similar components in SS-B were demonstrated in tissue extracts from a
      range of mammalian species. These purified antigens represent important reagents
      for the investigation of the aetiology of some types of autoimmunity.

PMID- 6360449
TI  - The use of a peroxidase-anti-peroxidase complex for the visualization of
      monoclonal antibodies on the ultrastructural level.
AB  - Human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) were treated with a panel of
      monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) for the demonstration of membrane antigens at the
      ultrastructural level. The bound MoAbs were linked by rabbit anti-mouse IgG to a
      peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) complex composed of monoclonal mouse anti
      peroxidase antibodies and horse radish peroxidase. This labelling method with a
      three step incubation procedure resulted in clear demonstration of the membrane
      antigens. Moreover, the use of the PAP complex as marker permitted the
      recognition of monocytes not only by morphology but also by their endogenous
      peroxidase pattern. In addition, it was observed that the MoAbs used, supposedly
      specific for T lymphocytes, reacted to a certain degree with monocytes.

PMID- 6360448
TI  - An immunosuppressive lipoprotein fraction from TEPC-183 bearing mice.
AB  - Lipoprotein (LP) fractions prepared from sera of normal and plasmacytoma (TEPC
      183) bearing mice, were compared with respect to their effect on the in vitro
      anti-2,4,6-trinitrophenyl plaque forming cell response. Very low density
      lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) fractions of sera from the
      plasmacytoma bearing mice contained immunosuppressive activity that was absent in
      VLDL and LDL fractions of normal serum LP fractions. The suppressive activity did
      not correlate with cholesterol or triglyceride content. Crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed components
      of the suppressive VLDL and LDL fractions which were not present in normal serum
      LP fractions, suggesting a modification of serum LPs by the plasmacytoma.

PMID- 6360450
TI  - Reactivity of presumed anti-natural killer cell antibody Leu 7 with
      intrafollicular T lymphocytes.
AB  - This report describes the presence of a T lymphocyte subpopulation in germinal
      centres of lymph follicles. This subpopulation is defined by reactivity with Leu
      7 antibody, in addition to OKT11, OKT1, OKT3 and OKT4 positivity. The functional
      activity of this T lymphocyte subpopulation is a matter of discussion and has to
      be clarified by functional studies of purified populations of these cells.

PMID- 6360451
TI  - Digital vascular imaging and selective renin sampling in post-transplant
      hypertension. Which kidney is responsible?
AB  - Forty-four hypertensive transplant patients were investigated by digital vascular
      imaging of the graft and simultaneous selective venous sampling for plasma renin
      activity to attempt to identify those patients whose hypertension may be amenable
      to surgical treatment. Localization of renin hypersecretion was possible in 12
      patients. In ten of these, hypersecretion originated from the native kidney and
      in two from the graft. Localization was possible in a significantly higher
      proportion of patients with severe hypertension (8 of 17), and all of these had
      native kidney hypersecretion. Bilateral nephrectomy may be indicated in these
      patients. No cases of functionally significant renal artery stenosis were
      identified. The other major types of abnormal vascular pattern found on digital
      vascular imaging, diffuse intra-renal arterial attenuation and lower pole
      hypoperfusion may be secondary to hypertension. This combined technique may be
      useful in the evaluation of post-transplant hypertension, especially when
      hypertension is severe.

PMID- 6360453
TI  - Pittsburgh Pneumonia Agent in a cadaveric renal transplant recipient.
AB  - Pittsburgh Pneumonia Agent, Legionella micdadei, is a recently recognized source
      of pulmonary infection in immunocompromised hosts. A literature review suggests a
      typical pattern of clinical and radiologic presentation, of which the following
      case is representative. Eighteen of twenty-one infections have occurred in
      recipients of cadaveric renal transplants, defining a population at risk. The
      onset often occurred within days to weeks of bolus doses of corticosteroids.
      Fever, often accompanied by mild pulmonary symptoms usually developed, coupled
      with nodular or segmental chest infiltrates which were often well defined or
      rapidly expansile. Recognition of this pattern followed by prompt open lung
      biopsy may lead to increased survival.

PMID- 6360452
TI  - Effect of pindolol and propranolol on plasma renin and aldosterone in patients
      with renal allograft.
AB  - To investigate the effect of propranolol and pindolol on renin and aldosterone
      secretion, blood samples of 12 nephrectomized kidney transplant recipients were
      taken after 1 hour in supine position and 30 and 60 minutes after posture change.
      This procedure was repeated after 4 days under pindolol (3 X 5 mg/day) or
      propranolol (4 X 40 mg/day). Both pindolol and propranolol suppressed the
      significant orthostatic rise of plasma renin activity (PRA) seen without
      medication. Pindolol increased basal PRA markedly, whereas basal PRA under
      propranolol was the same as without betablockers. Plasma aldosterone (PA) showed
      significant orthostatic rise under all conditions and thus did not parallel PRA
      under betablockers. Suppression of PRA response to posture change by betablockers
      indicates that circulating catecholamines may be involved in orthostatic PRA
      regulation. The intrinsic sympathetic activity of pindolol results in an increase
      of basal PRA. In nephrectomized renal transplant recipients, postural PA changes
      do not seem to be triggered by PRA.

PMID- 6360454
TI  - Henoch-Schoenlein purpura after shigellosis.

PMID- 6360455
TI  - Immunologic characteristics of the leukocyte adherence inhibition assay in
      rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
      when used in the leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay were capable of
      distinguishing antigenic differences between RA and osteoarthritic (OA) synovial
      membrane extracts. Normal PBL from control subjects with nonadherence index (NAI)
      values of 7 +/- 2 were able to respond positively (NAI values of 31 +/- 6) in the
      LAI assay if briefly preincubated with IgG obtained from LAI-position RA
      subjects. The LAI-positive response of PBL from RA patients was negated by
      preincubating the cells with sera obtained from LAI-nonreactive RA patients.
      Preincubation of reactive LAI-positive RA cells with urinary protein from 4 LAI
      nonreactive RA patients blocked the response of reactive RA leukocytes in the LAI
      assay (42 +/- 2 to 14 +/- 2). In contrast, preincubation of reactive LAI-positive
      RA cells with urinary protein from LAI-reactive RA patients or patients with gout
      had no effect on subsequent LAI reactivity. This study suggests that LAI
      nonreactive RA subjects have a 'rheumatoid neoantigen-like material' in their
      circulation which is excreted in their urine and is capable of being recognized
      by PBL of reactive, LAI-positive RA patients.

PMID- 6360456
TI  - Bacterial plasmids--an overview.
AB  - Resistance to antimicrobial substances and various factors contributing to
      pathogenicity are only some of the bacterial traits that can be determined by
      plasmid genes. Not all plasmids are involved with resistance, nor is all
      resistance to antimicrobials plasmid-mediated. Nevertheless, the impact of R
      plasmids on the choice of antimicrobial therapy is substantial, especially in
      hospital and when dealing with certain community pathogens, such as Haemophilus
      influenzae. The discovery of transposition elements has helped us to understand
      the rapidity with which certain resistance determinants develop and become
      disseminated among diverse microbial species. Similarly, not all determinants of
      microbial pathogenicity are plasmid encoded and the genes for many toxins,
      cellular attachment pili, iron sequestration systems, etc. are found on the
      bacterial chromosomes. In Yersinia, pathogenicity is even more complex in that
      plasmid determinants play an essential role, but only in concert with chromosomal
      genes. The particularly significant features of such pathogenicity-determined
      plasmid-mediated genes is not that they are found on extrachromosomal elements,
      but that they may possess greater genetic mobility. Another consequence of the
      presence of virulence genes on bacterial plasmids is that it makes them easier to
      study by the newer techniques of microbial genetics and molecular biology.

PMID- 6360457
TI  - Investigation of nosocomial infections by plasmid analysis.
AB  - Molecular biological techniques, including agarose gel electrophoresis,
      restriction endonuclease analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization (Southern blotting
      and heteroduplex analysis) are being applied very successfully to the
      investigation of nosocomial infections. 'Plasmid fingerprinting' by
      electrophoresis, with or without restriction endonuclease analysis, can be used
      to identify epidemic strains of bacteria and 'epidemic plasmids' which have
      spread through several different bacterial species. This technique is rapid and
      inexpensive, and can be applied to drug-sensitive as well as resistant strains.
      This approach is especially useful for investigation of organisms for which no
      standard typing system is available. DNA-DNA hybridization techniques can be used
      to study the evolution of plasmids in the hospital environment, and to
      demonstrate the presence and spread of translocatable DNA sequences (transposons)
      carrying drug resistance determinants from plasmid to plasmid within a bacterial
      cell.

PMID- 6360458
TI  - [Clinical effects and immunological evaluation of whole body irradiation in
      myasthenia gravis].

PMID- 6360459
TI  - Tc-99m labeled HIDA imaging in suspected biliary leaks after liver
      transplantation.
AB  - Tc-99m labeled HIDA imaging has been used to investigate suspected biliary leaks
      following orthotopic liver transplantation. In two patients the diagnosis of bile
      leakage was confirmed and appropriate surgical intervention undertaken. In a
      third patient, despite clinical suspicion, no leakage was apparent on HIDA
      imaging, and unnecessary surgery was avoided. HIDA imaging is a useful,
      noninvasive technique for confirming biliary leakage after liver transplantation.

PMID- 6360460
TI  - Radionuclide study of functional resolution of unilateral renal vein thrombosis.
AB  - The diagnosis of unilateral renal vein thrombosis was established in a 50-year
      old woman. A functional evaluation, by means of Tc-99m DTPA, was performed almost
      immediately, and at intervals up to nearly eight months later. Functional return
      of the involved kidney could be documented by plotting the ratio of affected
      kidney/total kidney activity. Conservative therapy was accompanied by a return of
      function of the kidney to 45% of total renal activity.

PMID- 6360461
TI  - Quo vadis phase analysis.

PMID- 6360462
TI  - Current status of fetal age and growth assessment.
AB  - Reliable fetal age assessment is now possible using antenatal sonography. Crown
      rump length, biparietal diameter, head perimeter and femur length are the most
      widely used parameters, while biocular distance and humerus length are of
      ancillary value. Techniques of sonographic measurement and clinical applications
      are reviewed and nomograms relating these parameters to gestational age are
      presented. Multiple sonographic parameters have been used to diagnose altered
      fetal growth. Clinical applications and pitfalls in the diagnosis of IUGR are
      discussed when biparietal diameter, abdominal perimeter, head to abdomen ratio,
      total intrauterine volume, qualitative amniotic fluid determination, fetal urine
      production rate and estimated fetal weight are used.

PMID- 6360463
TI  - Ultrasound guided invasive procedures in obstetrics.

PMID- 6360464
TI  - Ultrasonic assessment of fetal activity.
AB  - Modern ultrasound techniques enable dynamic studies of fetal activity in utero to
      be studied and quantified. Real-time B-mode scanning has become the method of
      choice for this purpose because of its ease of use and precision. Fetal movements
      can be visualized as early as in the seventh week of pregnancy and the
      development of the movement patterns can be followed throughout the pregnancy. Up
      to 16 types of movements have been described by several research groups. In early
      pregnancy, the finding of normal fetal movements is a good prognostic sign in
      cases of threatened abortion. A decrease in the movement incidence or a
      qualitative change of the movements are associated with poor outcome. In late
      pregnancy, the mean incidence of general fetal movements has been found on
      average to be 9 to 18 per cent of observation time. Fetal breathing movements,
      mainly with typical "see-saw' configurative changes of the fetal trunk, occur
      episodically: both long-term and short-term periodicity have been revealed. For
      recognition of the time incidence pattern of fetal movements or breathing, a
      sufficiently long observation time (80 to 100 minutes) is necessary. The
      incidence of fetal breathing movements increases with gestational age and
      breathing movements become more regular in mature fetuses. Fetal motor activity
      is subject to several external influences: glucose given to the mother causes an
      increase in the fetal breathing movement incidence; maternal hypercarbia
      stimulates the fetal breathing movements; alcohol administered to the mother
      abolishes fetal breathing; maternal smoking changes the time spacing of breathing
      and increases the fetal breathing rate; and exposure of the fetus to sound causes
      an increase in the number of movements. Real-time ultrasonography enables
      detection and recording of several other fetal activities: hiccups, swallowing
      and changes in the stomach volume, micturition, and fetal eye movements. The
      latter fetal activity is used together with fetal movements, fetal mouth
      movements and fetal heart rate for the identification of the fetal behavioural
      states. Quantification of fetal activity as a clinical test of fetal well-being
      was expected to give an alarm signal in cases of fetal hypoxia and imminent
      asphyxia. In general, the predictive value of a negative result (i.e., a finding
      of normal fetal activity) was high; the predictive value of decreased or abnormal
      fetal activity was found to be much less predictive of fetal compromise.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6360465
TI  - Antirheumatic drug concentrations in human synovial fluid and synovial tissue.
      Observations on extravascular pharmacokinetics.
AB  - Antirheumatic drug concentrations have been measured in human synovial fluid and
      synovial tissue, and provide insights on: (1) extravascular pharmacokinetics; (2)
      articular pathophysiology; and (3) the factors which modify drug levels in
      inflamed tissues. Concentrations of free drug in synovial fluid and plasma are
      the same in all conditions except rheumatoid and infectious arthritis, where the
      most severely afflicted joints may contain lower synovial fluid drug
      concentrations. This finding may be relevant to the chronicity and intractability
      of chronic arthritis. After single-dose therapy and a characteristic
      'equilibration time', higher concentrations are found in synovial fluid than in
      plasma - a phenomenon which results from relative drug sequestration across the
      trans-synovial diffusion barrier away from the organs of elimination. Studies of
      oral, parenteral, topical and intra-articular antirheumatic drug therapy are
      reviewed, and recommendations are made for the conduct of future studies.

PMID- 6360466
TI  - Clinical pharmacokinetics of metoclopramide.
AB  - Metoclopramide is rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and
      in man undergoes variable first-pass metabolism (oral bioavailability 32 to
      100%). In man, N-4 sulphate conjugation is an important pathway of metabolism and
      after oral administration the ratio of free to conjugated metoclopramide in urine
      correlates with the plasma AUC. The elimination half-life of metoclopramide is
      dose-dependent after both intravenous and oral administration of single doses
      between 5 and 20mg. Metabolic profiles in animal species studied are very
      different from man. The clearance of metoclopramide is reduced in patients with
      renal failure to approximately 50% of normals and the terminal half-life is
      prolonged; this is despite the fact that renal clearance of free drug accounts
      for only 20% of the administered dose in normals. Preliminary studies after 'high
      dose' metoclopramide demonstrate accumulation to high plasma concentrations with
      linear kinetics, suggesting that current high dose regimens are unnecessarily
      cumbersome.

PMID- 6360467
TI  - Gestational changes in steroid hormone biosynthesis, secretion, metabolism, and
      action.
AB  - This article examines the regulatory mechanisms and anatomic interrelationships
      governing pregnancy-related steroid hormones from conception through parturition.

PMID- 6360468
TI  - Endocrine modulation of uterine blood flow in pregnancy.
AB  - Uterine blood flow increases 15- to 20-fold during pregnancy. The fact that
      pregnancy is also characterized by dramatic increases in the production rate and
      plasma concentrations of estrogenic and progestational sex steroids has prompted
      investigators to explore a cause and effect relationship between these endocrine
      and physiologic changes. This article reviews the evidence that pregnancy-related
      increases in uterine blood flow are, at least in part, sex-steroid induced.

PMID- 6360469
TI  - Endocrine regulation of calcium homeostasis during pregnancy.
AB  - The principal maternal physiologic adjustment with respect to calcium metabolism
      is increasing PTH secretion, which maintains the serum ionic calcium level within
      its characteristically narrow physiologic limits in the face of an expanding
      extracellular fluid volume, increased urinary excretion, and calcium transfer to
      the fetus. Additionally, PTH promotes increased renal synthesis of 1,25-(OH)2D3,
      which acts in concert with PTH to meet the calcium demands of gestation. Whether
      or not calcitonin secretion increases as well is not clear; if so, this effect
      may be important in protecting the maternal skeleton. The primary characteristic
      of perinatal calcium metabolism is the active placental transport of calcium ions
      from mother to fetus, making the fetus relatively hypercalcemic. Since none of
      the calcitropic hormones cross the placenta, hypercalcemia apparently suppresses
      either secretion or activity of PTH by the fetus and stimulates fetal calcitonin
      release, creating an environment (high calcium, low PTH, high calcitonin)
      favorable to skeletal growth. With birth, the transplacental calcium source
      terminates abruptly and the serum calcium level declines for 24 to 48 hours,
      after which it stabilizes and then rises slightly. Neonatal calcium homeostasis
      probably reflects multiple influences, including the respective calcitropic
      hormones and other involved ions such as magnesium and phosphate. The physiologic
      mechanisms regulating calcium homeostasis during pregnancy and the perinatal
      period generally operate very effectively. Thus, aberrations leading to
      clinically evident disease states are relatively infrequent. Maternal
      hyperparathyroidism causes several complications, notably hypocalcemic tetany in
      the newborn, and maternal hypoparathyroidism may be associated with perinatal
      hyperparathyroidism. Diabetic pregnancy leads to altered calcium metabolism in
      mother, fetus, and newborn; the primary feature may be chronic hypomagnesemia,
      which leads to hypoparathyroidism to mother and fetus. There is some suggestion
      of an etiologic role for calcium in hypertensive disorders, and, in any event,
      magnesium sulfate therapy influences calcium homeostasis. Finally, leg cramps in
      the pregnant woman may reflect alterations in calcium metabolism.

PMID- 6360472
TI  - Relaxin.
AB  - The author examines the investigative status of the peptide hormone relaxin,
      raising questions about and looking at the potential for the physiologic role of
      relaxin and the production of human relaxin for pharmacologic use.

PMID- 6360470
TI  - Endocrine and metabolic homeostasis in diabetic pregnancy.
AB  - Diabetic pregnancies involve complex alterations in maternal-placental and fetal
      compartments. This article discusses the unique features of diabetic pregnancies
      as they pertain to the maternal changes that must occur to accommodate the fetus.

PMID- 6360471
TI  - The uterus as an endocrine compartment.
AB  - Evidence has begun to accumulate over the past several years that the uterus is a
      much more complex organ than was previously thought. Data would suggest that the
      uterus is a tissue that actively secretes a variety of substances that act
      locally and at distant sites from the uterus in the control of normal
      nonconceptual physiologic events, in gestation, and in influencing
      pathophysiologic symptoms. This article discusses the data underlying the concept
      of the uterus as an endocrine compartment with particular emphasis on the
      physiology of the decidualized endometrial stroma.

PMID- 6360473
TI  - Maternal-fetal neurohypophyseal system.
AB  - The author reviews our present understanding of neurohypophyseal peptide
      metabolism and physiology, an understanding that is largely based upon the
      isolation and accurate measurement of arginine vasopressin, oxytocin, and
      arginine vasotocin. Discussed are both the major advances in understanding and
      the areas of inquiry that remain or that have been newly opened.

PMID- 6360474
TI  - Scintigraphy and nuclear magnetic resonance: their potential applications in
      pharmacology; new radiopharmaceuticals and spin drugs: their potential
      implications for scintigraphy and nuclear magnetic resonance. I.

PMID- 6360475
TI  - History and plastic surgery: systems of recovering our past.
AB  - Plastic surgeons have taken uncommon interest in their past. Systematized
      approaches toward the collection of historical information have characterized the
      specialty. Plastic surgery is the only discipline to have compiled a complete
      bibliography of its world's literature. The Archives maintains an ongoing program
      of acquisition of the oral, written, and personal memorabilia of the notable
      leaders and events of plastic surgery.

PMID- 6360476
TI  - On medications for burns in classical antiquity.
AB  - Egyptian, Greek, Roman, and early Byzantine medical pharmaceutical works show a
      fairly sophisticated array of simple and compound remedies for burns and scalds.
      Chief among ancient writings that provide specific botany, minerals, and similar
      substances used in burn treatment are several Egyptian papyri, the Hippocratic On
      Wounds, and writings by Celsus, Dioscorides, Pliny the Elder, and Paul of Aegina.
      Over 70 plants and minerals are identified according to modern nomenclatures. The
      ancients sought especially those ingredients that would promote rapid healing
      with a minimum of scarring.

PMID- 6360477
TI  - The history of Dupuytren's contracture.
AB  - In 1833 Dupuytren described what he referred to as an "affectation" of the palmar
      aponeurosis. This disorder continues to bear his name a century and a half later
      despite the fact that Dupuytren was not the first to describe it. The author
      contemplates the contributions of Felix Platter, Henry Cline, and Sir Astley
      Cooper in the management of this "maladie."

PMID- 6360478
TI  - Tycho Brahe: astronomer of Renaissance Denmark.
AB  - As the result of a duel early in the life of this flamboyant scientist, Tycho
      Brahe lost his nose and soon after began to wear a prosthesis. Although evidence
      is impressionistic at best, Tycho's case can be seen as an example of how the use
      of a prosthesis produced significant biographic changes.

PMID- 6360479
TI  - The impact of Indian methods for total nasal reconstruction.
AB  - The Indian art and science of total nasal reconstruction comprise the first
      chapter in the history of plastic surgery. Remarkably, centuries after their
      first use, the original Indian methods utilizing the cheek flap and median
      forehead flap for total rhinoplasty remain the basis for most reconstructive
      rhinoplastic procedures.

PMID- 6360480
TI  - Oskar Hirsch and surgery for exophthalmos.
AB  - Despite a better appreciation of the relationship between the eye and the thyroid
      gland in Graves' disease, the treatment of moderate to severe exophthalmos
      remains surgical. For many years, standard textbooks recommended a risky,
      transfrontal approach for exophthalmos that had to be performed by a
      neurosurgeon. A preferable transantral procedure, which can be performed by a
      plastic surgeon, was originally described by Oskar Hirsch, a Viennese
      otorhinolaryngologist, in 1930. Although his technique offers the advantage of
      causing less morbidity, it was several decades before its merits were widely
      recognized by practitioners.

PMID- 6360481
TI  - John Staige Davis: pioneer American plastic surgeon.
AB  - John Staige Davis was the first surgeon to devote his entire practice to plastic
      surgery and worked exclusively for its recognition as a specialty. He wrote the
      first American text on plastic surgery, published 78 papers on a wide range of
      subjects in plastic surgery, was the first to establish a formal training program
      in plastic surgery in 1924, and was the first Chairman of the American Board of
      Plastic Surgery.

PMID- 6360482
TI  - The influence of the Battle of Jutland on plastic surgery.
AB  - The Battle of Jutland was fought between the British and German fleets in the
      gray wastes of the North Sea in May 1916. Because the battle was fought close to
      English shores, burn victims fared better than previously had been possible. From
      the Battle of Jutland came major advances in the clinical care of the acutely
      injured, as well as new concepts of reconstruction after healing had taken place.

PMID- 6360483
TI  - Plastic Surgery in the late 1920s. Three points of view.
AB  - A study of three of the books of the late 1920s--Plastic Surgery of the Head,
      Face and Neck, by H. L. N. Hunt; La Chirurgie Esthetique, by Madame la Dr. Noel;
      and The Making of a Beautiful Face, by J. Howard Crum--reveals the authors'
      enthusiasm for facial reconstructive surgery and their variety of approaches to
      the subject.

PMID- 6360484
TI  - Reflections.
AB  - The author discusses the motivation that stimulated her entrance into the field
      of plastic surgery during a career that now encompasses 52 years and has included
      contact with many of the great figures in the field.

PMID- 6360485
TI  - Wound management advice in antebellum America. From The Transylvania Journal of
      Medicine and the Associated Sciences, 1828-1853.
AB  - During most of its existence (1817-1859), the Medical Department of Transylvania
      University compared favorably with any of the nation's medical schools. In terms
      of clientele, the Lexington school was to the west what Philadelphia was to the
      east. The wounds discussed in The Transylvania Journal of Medicine and Associated
      Sciences included four basic categories: gunshot, fractures, surgical, (both
      elective and trauma), and miscellaneous. Examples of each category are presented.

PMID- 6360486
TI  - Scalping: the savage and the surgeon.
AB  - The treatment of the scalped patient has challenged and fascinated the surgeon
      for over two millennia. It is an esthetically disastrous mutilation, and the
      resultant soft tissue defect is a form of trauma calling for the surgeon's most
      creative efforts. The story of scalping is the story of innovative surgeons, both
      renowned and obscure, which parallels the development of plastic surgery.

PMID- 6360487
TI  - The history of facial prostheses.
AB  - This article provides a brief sortie into the history of facial prostheses with a
      view to illuminating man's ingenuity and wit in his endeavors to maintain a
      resemblance of normality. The author identifies examples of compassion and the
      skills that have been employed by a variety of craftsmen working in many
      countries in their attempt to rebuild facial contour and appearance with natural
      and synthetic materials.

PMID- 6360488
TI  - The oral cancer of Sigmund Freud.
AB  - The last 16 years of the life of Sigmund Freud were spent in a brave battle
      against a massive intraoral cancer to which he finally succumbed at the age of
      83. He was subjected to 30 operative procedures and endured daily manipulations
      of a cumbersome prosthesis worn to replace his resected jaw and palate. This
      study reveals medical details of his illness and suggests modern options of
      management of this tumor.

PMID- 6360489
TI  - The ordeal of Sigmund Freud. A postscript.
AB  - A number of questions about Freud's illness and treatment remain unanswered. The
      author ponders the duration of Freud's survival, the histologic diagnosis of the
      tumor, the contemporary management of this cancer, and the doctor-patient
      relationships involved.

PMID- 6360490
TI  - Therapeutic aspects of branched-chain amino and keto acids.

PMID- 6360491
TI  - Role of prostacyclin in blood pressure regulation and aldosterone production in
      conscious rabbits.
AB  - The effects of subdepressor infusion of prostacyclin (PGI2, 5.3 pmol min-1 kg-1)
      on arterial pressure and aldosterone production induced by angiotensin II (ANG
      II) were studied in conscious rabbits. Indomethacin pretreatment caused an
      augmented blood pressure response after ANG II infusion, which returned to near
      control level after concomitant infusion of a subdepressor dose of PGI2.
      Aldosterone production after ANG II was significantly attenuated after
      pretreatment with indomethacin. PGI2 infusion restored this reduced response to
      near control level. These results may suggest that PGI2 in the circulation could
      also serve to modulate the pressor and hormonal action(s) of ANG II.

PMID- 6360492
TI  - Hubert Work.

PMID- 6360493
TI  - Combined computer and nomographic analysis of 99Tcm dynamic kidney scintigraphy.

PMID- 6360495
TI  - Current concepts in the pathogenesis and treatment of reflux esophagitis.
AB  - The etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of reflux esophagitis are
      reviewed. Reflux esophagitis is the subjective or objective response to
      gastroesophageal reflux (GER), which is defined as the entrance of gastroduodenal
      contents into the esophagus not associated with vomiting or belching. The
      pathogenesis of reflux esophagitis may involve a number of mechanisms, including
      changes in lower esophageal sphincter pressure, gastric volume, composition of
      the refluxate, esophageal acid clearance, and esophageal tissue resistance. The
      most common symptom of reflux esophagitis is heartburn. Regurgitation of fluid
      into the mouth, usually after bending or during the night, is an unequivocal
      symptom of GER. Treatment can be divided into three phases. Phase 1 involves the
      avoidance of certain foods and habits, elevation of the bed head, antacid, and
      alginic acid-antacid therapy. Phase 2 involves drug therapy with agents not yet
      approved by the FDA for this indication: bethanechol chloride, cimetidine, and
      metoclopramide hydrochloride. Bethanechol chloride 25 mg is generally given four
      times daily. Cimetidine is given in doses of 300-400 mg after meals and at
      bedtime. Metoclopramide hydrochloride is administered in doses of 10 mg before
      meals and at bedtime. Phase 3 is antireflux surgery. Clinical experience has
      shown that phase 1 therapy is successful for about 75% of all patients. Of the
      25% that do not respond to phase 1 therapy, about 90% will respond to phase 2
      therapy, leaving only 5-10% of all patients with this disorder who will require
      phase 3 treatment. Current data favor cimetidine and bethanechol over
      metoclopramide. The least proof of efficacy and the most frequent adverse side
      effects are seen with metoclopramide. Cimetidine and bethanechol appear to have
      similar efficacy and relatively infrequent side effects. Evidence confirming the
      superiority of cimetidine over bethanechol is lacking. Further research is needed
      to determine the optimal pharmacologic combinations and treatment regimens.

PMID- 6360494
TI  - Cyclosporine immunosuppression.
AB  - The chemistry, pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, clinical efficacy in organ
      transplants, adverse effects, and dosage and administration of cyclosporine, a
      new immunosuppressant, are reviewed. Advice on counseling patients who take the
      drug is also included. Cyclosporine is a cyclic undecapeptide with a high
      molecular weight. Its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is slow,
      variable, and incomplete. Cyclosporine is highly protein bound and almost
      completely eliminated by hepatic metabolism. Its half-life is variable, and it
      has a volume of distribution of approximately 4 liter/kg and a poorly defined
      therapeutic range. Cyclosporine acts by blocking T-lymphocyte function without
      causing myelosuppression. Several randomized prospective trials have compared
      cyclosporine with standard immunosuppressive drug regimens in kidney and liver
      transplantations. A European Multicenter Trial treated 117 patients with
      cyclosporine alone and 115 patients with azathioprine and steroids. Graft
      survival rates at 11 months were 73% in the cyclosporine group and 53% in the
      control group. A Canadian Multicenter Trial Group, which studied 209 patients in
      two groups, found cyclosporine and prednisone to be superior to azathioprine and
      prednisone therapy. Graft survivals were 83.5% and 67% at nine months. Several
      studies of hepatic allograft recipients and of cardiac transplantations have
      found that cyclosporine and low-dose steroid therapy can lead to improved
      results. The adverse effects of cyclosporine include nephrotoxicity,
      hepatotoxicity, and electrolyte elevations. The dosage must be individualized.
      Most patients tolerate initial i.v. doses of 5 mg/kg and oral doses of 14-18
      mg/kg. The exact indications for cyclosporine immunosuppression are still being
      defined for organ transplant recipients. Cyclosporine will likely play an
      important role in the improvement of transplantation results in the future.

PMID- 6360496
TI  - Massive retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy as a terminal event in hairy cell
      leukaemia.
AB  - A case of hairy cell leukaemia complicated as a terminal event by massive
      retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy is described. The patient had recently been
      treated with lithium carbonate and had previously been demonstrated to suffer
      from a systemic vasculitis, either or both of which may have contributed to the
      development of this rare complication.

PMID- 6360497
TI  - Successful treatment of chronic cutaneous graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) with
      penicillamine.
AB  - Chronic graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) is a major complication of bone marrow
      transplantation. Until recently, little effective therapy has been available. We
      report a case of chronic cutaneous GVHD successfully treated with penicillamine.

PMID- 6360499
TI  - [Postural hypotension in diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 6360498
TI  - [Clinical aspects of prazosin therapy].

PMID- 6360500
TI  - Endothelial cells and inflammation.
AB  - Recent studies have brought remarkable progress in the understanding of cellular,
      subcellular, and molecular mechanisms of endothelial injury and responses to
      injury, both of which appear to be integral parts of the acute inflammatory
      response. The possible roles of endothelial surface enzymes in the inflammatory
      response are explored.

PMID- 6360501
TI  - Mechanisms of acute lung injury.
AB  - The role of the complement system in generating an acute inflammatory response in
      the lung, manifested particularly by the presence of neutrophils, and the role of
      these neutrophils in altering lung microvascular permeability are examined.
      Although it is not possible at this time to reconcile all the experimental data
      so as to provide a unifying hypothesis of the pathogenesis of acute lung injury,
      the mechanisms discussed in this article provide clues not only about lung injury
      itself, but also about the basic mechanisms of inflammation.

PMID- 6360502
TI  - Neutral proteinases from human inflammatory cells. A critical review of their
      role in extracellular matrix degradation.
AB  - The cell biology and in vitro activity of neutral proteinases derived from
      inflammatory cells and the mechanisms by which these enzymes might injure
      connective tissue are outlined. Current work directed toward understanding local
      control of tissue degradation may lead to effective strategies for assessing and
      reducing connective tissue injury in human disease.

PMID- 6360503
TI  - Platelets and the inflammatory response.
AB  - The involvement of platelets with inflammatory mediators, synthesized and/or
      released on contact with inflammatory signals, has recently been defined.
      Localized interactions of platelets and neutrophils with the blood vessel wall
      and with each other represent another part platelets play in the modulation of
      inflammatory responses.

PMID- 6360504
TI  - Arachidonic acid metabolism and macrophage activation.
AB  - The macrophage is an important source of arachidonic acid metabolites, which
      possess a wide variety of functions with regard to the initiation and regulation
      of inflammatory responses. Because of the central role of macrophages in the
      induction of immunity as well as their participation in chronic inflammation, an
      understanding of their potent arachidonic acid products may aid in the
      therapeutic manipulation of inflammatory disease.

PMID- 6360506
TI  - Current status of organ transplantation.
AB  - Recent advances in the understanding of mechanisms of graft rejection and in the
      prevention and treatment of rejection are discussed. The clinical success of
      kidney, liver, heart, and pancreas transplants is analyzed.

PMID- 6360505
TI  - Autoimmunity in immunopathology.
AB  - When the immune system fails to discriminate foreign microorganisms from the
      body's own tissue, an autoimmune disease may result. The association of
      immunologic disease with the histocompatibility system, the laboratory findings
      of autoimmune diseases, and the techniques used to evaluate these diseases are
      highlighted.

PMID- 6360508
TI  - Computed tomography of spinal stenoses and arthroses.

PMID- 6360507
TI  - Cellular and humoral defense systems and inflammatory mechanisms in thermal
      injury.
AB  - Despite substantial improvements in modern burn care, sepsis is still a common
      feature in patients with severe thermal injury. Alterations in cell-mediated
      immunity, changes in inflammatory mediators and neutrophil functions, and recent
      data obtained from experimental studies in thermal injury are described.

PMID- 6360509
TI  - Medicine or meddling? use of arthrography in rheumatology.
AB  - In the wardrobe of diagnostic procedures for the arthritic patient, the
      arthrogram is like a tuxedo. It produces striking images in black-and-white, it
      can be slightly uncomfortable, and there are times when it can be just the right
      thing. However, like the tuxedo, the arthrogram should be reserved for infrequent
      special occasions. Although arthrography can show changes which are
      characteristic of arthritis, it can seldom differentiate one type of synovitis
      from another. It may be useful to determine whether or not a synovial disorder is
      present, but this will not be necessary for the great majority of patients. Its
      most important uses are in the evaluation of masses in and around joints, and of
      the pseudothrombophlebitis syndrome. In selected cases, it may help to elucidate
      the stage and mechanism of disease.

PMID- 6360510
TI  - Measuring function and health status in rheumatic disease clinical trials.
AB  - We have summarized the limitations of traditional outcome measures in
      rheumatology, reviewed the growing field of measures emphasizing the patient's
      perception of improvement, and provided guidelines for choosing a specific
      instrument for a clinical trial. Newer measures have measurement properties equal
      to or surpassing traditional measures, but no one ADL or quality-of-life
      instrument can be used to assess outcome in every situation as no one test can
      indicate success of a treatment in a chronic disease. An instrument needs to be
      judged by the following criteria: Is it metrically sound? Does it fit the socio
      demographic characteristics of the target population? Does it measure the
      specific changes which are likely to be affected by the treatment? Will it
      capture or measure the expected changes?

PMID- 6360512
TI  - Miscellaneous methods for assessment of articular disease.

PMID- 6360511
TI  - Radiographic evaluation of the course of articular disease.
AB  - Radiological analysis is the single most attractive objective method for
      assessing the long-term anatomical effects of rheumatoid arthritis. Measurement
      of x-ray changes has given us our most important clues on the effectiveness of
      disease-modifying drugs. Although no single system has been adopted by all
      investigators to quantify radiological changes, most investigators have used
      joint counts or scores which have many properties of an interval scale to measure
      erosions and, at times, joint space narrowing. More extensive use of radiological
      analysis in therapeutic trials, if based on a thorough understanding of the
      natural history of radiological progression in rheumatoid arthritis, should
      provide a more accurate appraisal of our ability to modify the course of the
      disease.

PMID- 6360513
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis--anti-inflammatory drugs.

PMID- 6360514
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis: disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.
AB  - A review of the trials in which 'disease-modifying' drugs have been tested leads
      to the following conclusions: (a) Most of these trials do not provide acceptable
      evidence of the efficacy of these drugs. (b) A well-designed, placebo-controlled,
      study of gold (Empire Rheumatism Council, 1960, 1961) provides strong evidence
      that the drug has a beneficial effect lasting about 18 months. It does not
      establish any advantage beyond that period. Two reports which claim to show a
      favourable influence of gold on radiological progression are suspect because of
      faults in trial design. (c) There has been only one placebo-controlled study of
      penicillamine (Multicentre Trial Group, 1973). This also provides evidence of
      medium-term efficacy. No information is available about x-ray progression. (d)
      Studies of other drugs for which 'disease-modifying' activity has been claimed
      (antimalarials, antiproliferative agents, corticosteroids, etc.) have similarly
      provided evidence only of medium-term efficacy. With information now available it
      is possible to identify some of the reasons why these trials have failed to
      answer the fundamentally important question of whether the drugs can modify the
      long-term course of RA. (a) Trial designs have concentrated on following process
      measures (e.g., ESR) rather than outcome measures (e.g., disability and
      deformity). Observers have thus come to accept the former as being important in
      themselves, to the neglect of the latter. (b) Psychological pressures to provide
      relief for patients, combined with unjustified assumptions about the long-term
      efficacy of these drugs, have produced a climate of expectations amongst both
      clinicians and patients which makes it difficult to sustain long-term trials
      against placebo. (c) Traditional radiological assessment methods have proved
      insensitive. (d) Recent advances in clinical trial design and analysis (developed
      largely in specialties outside rheumatology) were not available at the time of
      most of these trials. At this stage clinical trials of 'disease-modifying' drugs
      should seek to answer the following questions: (a) Is it worth giving drugs such
      as gold and penicillamine for periods longer than 6 months? (b) How long does the
      effect of such treatment last? (c) Is any information obtainable before or during
      treatment which predicts favourable or unfavourable responses? To answer these
      question, trial designs, will need to include: (a) Larger numbers of patients.
      (b) Longer duration of treatment and follow up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6360515
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus--corticosteroids.

PMID- 6360516
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus--immunoregulatory therapies.

PMID- 6360517
TI  - Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6360518
TI  - Polymyositis--clinical trials.

PMID- 6360519
TI  - Progressive systemic sclerosis.
AB  - To date, largely because of convenience, therapeutic trials in progressive
      systemic sclerosis have been few and largely short-term retrospective single
      institution studies. For the future, there is a pressing need to expand efforts
      in this area to include: controlled, prospective studies with adequate numbers of
      patients employing, if necessary, a multicentre effort; careful classification of
      PSS patients into meaningful disease subsets and inclusion of this concept into
      experimental design; development and testing of criteria for disease staging and
      severity; refinement of current objective criteria for change (improvement or
      deterioration) and development of new, simple-to-perform, quantifiable
      descriptors for skin and internal organ involvement which are properly validated;
      studies of adequately long duration to avoid failing to detect significant
      differences between cases and controls; and attention to disease duration in
      study design, with special emphasis on choosing patients with early disease. A
      great deal of clinical epidemiological research will be required for progress in
      patient classification and improvement of methods of patient assessment. Careful
      planning of therapeutic trials and the inclusion of biostatistical expertise in
      the design phase of such studies is desirable if we are satisfactorily to answer
      the questions posed by each trial.

PMID- 6360520
TI  - Psoriatic arthritis.

PMID- 6360521
TI  - Degenerative joint disease.
AB  - We have focused on several features somewhat unique to OA which require special
      attention relative to clinical trials. These include disease classification, for
      which the schema in Table 1 was developed, patient selection and admission
      criteria, and the choice of appropriate clinical outcome parameters. We suggest
      the following: That future trials be limited to patients with idiopathic OA with
      specified joint groups involved. That pain, assessed with a visual analogue
      scale, and both the patient's and investigator's global assessment be the primary
      clinical outcome variables to be analysed. That concomitant analgesic agents not
      be used during anti-inflammatory drug trials to prevent confounding pain relief
      as an outcome variable. That future, long-term studies use validated health
      status measures to assess functional outcomes.

PMID- 6360522
TI  - Evaluation of the effect of interexaminer reliability in clinical trials of
      dental caries prevention.
AB  - Data from a 3-yr clinical trial were used to assess reliability of two dentists
      who, without standardizing techniques, independently examined 286 continuous
      participants. Only 13.1 of 128 tooth surfaces (third molars excluded) showed a
      change in caries status during the trial by one or both examiners' findings.
      Although there was poor agreement between the examiners (46.5%) on these changes,
      they agreed very closely on measuring the cariostatic effects in the various
      treatment groups because the disagreements were random and were similar among
      groups.

PMID- 6360523
TI  - On the classification of nucleated red blood cells.
AB  - Bone marrow smears stained with Giemsa were scanned with a video camera under
      computer control. Red cells (89 normal and 44 megaloblastic) were sampled. Each
      cell was digitized into 70 X 70 pixels, each pixel representing a square area of
      0.04 micron 2 in the original image. The pixel gray values ranged between 0-255.
      Zero stood for white and 255 represented black, while the numbers in between
      stood for the various shades of gray. The cells were first classified into six
      distinct classes, each representing a red blood cell differentiation state. The
      canonical discrimination functions derived from this classification were then
      utilized for grading cell differences in a continuous fashion. Each canonical
      discrimination function is represented in this multidimensional space by an
      orthogonal axis. The distance between two points (or cells) reflects their degree
      of similarity. By relating this measure to a reference state, it is possible to
      quantitate red blood cell differentiation changes. This approach is applicable to
      any differentiating tissue.

PMID- 6360524
TI  - Computer reconstruction of serial sections.
AB  - A computer graphics system is described which reconstructs three-dimensional
      images from serial sectional data. Microscopic sectional tracings are first
      digitized and coded with a microcomputer (APPLE II-Plus). The data are
      transferred to a main frame facility for reconstruction and the final result is
      displayed on a high-resolution color monitor (Hewlett-Packard 9845C). Depth
      cueing of the image is enhanced by edge ribboning and area filling. The system is
      very simple to operate and yet flexible enough to allow selective portions of the
      tissue sample to be reconstructed and displayed in various orientations.

PMID- 6360525
TI  - [Introductory notes on lying-in institutions. 4].

PMID- 6360526
TI  - The familial classification of primary unipolar depression: biological validation
      of distinct subtypes.

PMID- 6360527
TI  - Minor tranquilizers, personality inventory, and EMG feedback with chronic anxious
      patients.

PMID- 6360528
TI  - Bulimia: concept and therapy.

PMID- 6360530
TI  - Anterior etched cast resin-bonded retainers: an overview of design, fabrication,
      and clinical use.

PMID- 6360531
TI  - Rotary gingival curettage for gingival sulcular management in impression making
      for periodontal prosthesis.

PMID- 6360529
TI  - Non-precious alloys in restorative dentistry.

PMID- 6360532
TI  - Detection of ischaemic heart disease by electrocardiography in clinical practice
      and in mass population studies. Comparative investigation.
AB  - Two groups of epidemiologists (in Moscow and Prague) and a group of clinicians in
      Moscow evaluated independently of each other 283 electrocardiograms. Comparison
      has shown considerable agreement in the views of epidemiologists of both groups,
      especially as regards evaluation of cicatricial changes in the myocardium and of
      ischaemic-type T-wave changes. Intra-group differences in the evaluation of ECG
      signs of IHD were among epidemiologists substantially smaller than among
      clinicians. ECG criteria of IHD signs, used by epidemiologists, have a higher
      specificity than clinical criteria but smaller sensitivity, which corresponds to
      the demands placed on cross-sectional mass population studies. Possibilities were
      further examined of using a computer for automated ECG analysis. Comparison of
      the evaluations of 388 ECGs by two specialists and a computer showed a high
      proportion of true positive findings of marked cicatricial (93.3%) and ischaemic
      type (63.7-76.4%) changes in the myocardium, detected by a Siemens computer.

PMID- 6360533
TI  - [Studies on central and peripheral hemodynamics using radiocardiography and Xenon
      133 muscle clearance in patients with essential hypertension].
AB  - Examination of 80 patients with essential hypertension revealed a significant
      correlation between the tonus of peripheral muscular arterioles on the one hand,
      and the stage and duration of hypertension and age of the patients, on the other
      hand. The correlation between arteriolar tonus and indicators of cardiac pump
      function was less marked. The results confirmed the close relationship between
      changes of peripheral blood bed and development of hypertension. The use of 133Xe
      half-period for measuring the peripheral arteriolar tonus proved a simple, but
      informative method adding an important indicator of peripheral haemodynamics to
      the results of haemodynamic examination.

PMID- 6360535
TI  - Percutaneous transtracheal jet ventilation for cardiopulmonary resuscitation:
      evaluation of a new jet ventilator.
AB  - This study compared percutaneous transtracheal jet ventilation (PTJV) at a
      frequency (f) of 20/min, with high-frequency positive-pressure ventilation
      (HFPPV) at f of 60/min, and endotracheal intubation and intermittent positive
      pressure ventilation (ET IPPV) at f of 10/min in apneic dogs. Fifty-four
      emergency medicine trainees (EMTs) attempted PTJV via a 14-gauge Angiocath
      attached to a hand-held jet ventilator, f of 20/min, and ET IPPV using an Ambu
      bag, f of 10/min. Twenty-nine other EMTs attempted cricothyrotomy using a
      prototype nonkinkable catheter (Arrow) and a new jet ventilator, Bronchovent, f
      of 60/min, equipped with a pressure sensor which stops ventilation at pressures
      greater than 20 cm H2O. Adequate oxygenation was achieved by all 3 groups, but
      only the HFPPV group avoided respiratory alkalosis. There was a higher equipment
      failure rate (catheter kinking and dislodgment) in the PTJV group. In the HFPPV
      group, the Bronchovent's pressure-limiting sensor stopped ventilation when the
      catheter was kinked or out of position, reducing the extent of subcutaneous
      emphysema and barotrauma. With further catheter improvements, HFPPV Bronchovent
      may offer a safe and reliable method of ventilating patients during CPR in the
      field.

PMID- 6360534
TI  - Local lung ventilation in critically ill patients using nonradioactive xenon
      enhanced transmission computed tomography.
AB  - Nonradioactive xenon is sufficiently radiodense to increase the density of gas
      containing lung as seen in a computed tomography (CT) scan. Subtraction of a
      baseline CT scan from the xenon-enhanced CT scan can accentuate gas space
      differences by subtracting fixed tissue densities. The baseline scan and the scan
      obtained during wash-in of xenon (before equilibration) allow circulation of
      local ventilation. The xenon CT scan, thus, provides more precise information
      about distribution of ventilation than planar radiogas techniques. The technical
      aspects of application to a critically ill patient and the mathematical basis of
      the technique are presented.

PMID- 6360536
TI  - Carcinogenesis by hepatic peroxisome proliferators: evaluation of the risk of
      hypolipidemic drugs and industrial plasticizers to humans.
AB  - In this critical review, I would like to provide a brief outline of the
      morphology, biochemical composition, distribution, and functions of peroxisomes.
      The induction of peroxisome proliferation and peroxisome-associated enzymes in
      the rodent liver by two classes of chemicals (hypolipidemic drugs and the
      industrial plasticizers) will be considered. The role of peroxisomes in lipid
      metabolism will be discussed. Carcinogenicity studies in rats and mice with these
      peroxisome proliferators will be evaluated critically. Careful consideration will
      be given to the hypothesis that "potent hepatic peroxisome proliferators as a
      class are carcinogenic." The possible mechanism(s) by which peroxisome
      proliferators induce liver tumors will be outlined. Particular attention will be
      paid to the possible role of peroxisome proliferation-mediated radical toxicity
      and generation of endogenous initiators of carcinogenesis.

PMID- 6360537
TI  - Application and results of whole-body autoradiography in distribution studies of
      organic solvents.
AB  - With the growing concern for the health hazards of occupational exposure to toxic
      substances attention has been focused on the organic solvents, which are
      associated with both deleterious nervous system effects and specific tissue
      injuries. Relatively little is known about the distribution of organic solvents
      and their metabolites in the living organism. Knowledge of the specific tissue
      localizations and retention of solvents and solvent metabolites is of great value
      in revealing and understanding the sites and mechanisms of organic solvent
      toxicity. Whole-body autoradiography has been modified and applied to
      distribution studies of benzene, toluene, m-xylene, styrene, methylene chloride,
      chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene and carbon disulfide. The
      high volatility of these substances has led to the development of cryo
      techniques. Whole-body autoradiographic techniques applicable to the study of
      volatile substances are reviewed. The localizations of nonvolatile solvent
      metabolites and firmly bound metabolites have also been examined. The obtained
      results are discussed in relation to toxic effects and evaluated by comparison
      with other techniques used in distribution studies of organic solvents and their
      metabolites.

PMID- 6360538
TI  - Photochemistry of proteins: a review.
AB  - Proteins are an important target of photochemical damage to the eye. The
      wavelength of irradiation is a major determinant of the initial mechanisms. The
      effects of ultraviolet radiation are initiated by absorption in the aromatic
      amino acid residues and cystine. Photoionization of tyrosine and tryptophan
      residues leads to aromatic free radicals. The ejected electrons are stabilized in
      the aqueous medium as hydrated electrons and may be temporarily trapped by cystyl
      bridges. N-formylkynurenine is an important tryptophan photoproduct, which can
      act as an endogenous photosensitizer of near-ultraviolet radiation by generating
      singlet oxygen and superoxide. Singlet oxygen is produced also by exogenous
      sensitizers absorbing in the visible and near ultraviolet regions. The mechanisms
      are illustrated by porphyrins and furocoumarins, in which dark binding
      interactions influence the photosensitization pathways.

PMID- 6360539
TI  - Cellular and subcellular events in retinopathy of oxygen toxicity with a
      preliminary report on the preventive role of vitamin E and gamma-aminobutyric
      acid: a study in vitro.
AB  - Using freshly excised, pure, immature retinal vascular explants from neonatal
      rabbits as well as vascular cells harvested from such explants in a tissue
      culture environment, we established the direct cytocidal effect of hyperoxia on
      the vascular cells. One hundred percent oxygen at one atmosphere induced a marked
      cellular retraction after 4 to 6 hours of exposure and caused progressive
      increase in the number and size of lysosomal bodies and autophagic vacuoles.
      Between 12 to 18 hours, the Golgi apparatus enlarged and focal cytoplasmic
      degeneration ensued; the various changes in the endoplasmic reticulum,
      mitochondria, and nucleus became apparent between 18 to 24 hours. After 36 to 48
      hours continuous exposure to hyperoxia, the cellular degradation with nuclear
      pyknosis led to granular and membranous debris. In contrast, the macrophages in
      the same culture were more resistant to the effect of hyperoxia. Our findings
      suggest multiple loci for oxygen toxicity in immature retinal vessels and
      cultured vascular cells. We believe that the cellular retraction is mediated
      through the prostanoid cascade. The initial event in cytotoxicity of hyperoxia is
      probably membrane injury, especially of the lysosomal system. The generation of
      the hydroxyl free radical invokes specific injury to the lysosomes; severe
      cellular damage occurs due to increased autophagocytosis, probably compounded
      upon by the inhibition of membrane pumps in the cell and the resulting
      intracellular acidosis. Injury to cell organelles such as mitochondria,
      endoplasmic reticulum, and nucleus which occurs at later stages and contributes
      to the final cell degeneration, may be partly related to the hyperoxic insult.
      The addition of vitamin E or gamma-aminobutryic acid to the culture medium
      partially retarded the hyperoxic injury to the vascular cells. In short term
      experiments, no significant damage occurred with exposure to 30% oxygen. The fact
      that immature, and not the mature, retinal vascular cells are rapidly and
      adversely affected by hyperoxia probably entails that the former are deficient in
      free radical scavenging enzymes but a protective mechanism against oxygen
      toxicity is acquired with the developmental maturity of these cells.

PMID- 6360540
TI  - Oxidative stress on lens and cataract formation: role of light and oxygen.
AB  - The mechanism of oxidative damage to the lens through intraocular photochemical
      generation of superoxide and its derivatization to other oxidants such as singlet
      oxygen, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide has been studied. Rat lenses when
      organ cultured aerobically in TC 199 containing additional amounts of riboflavin
      were damaged as demonstrated by an inhibition of the uptake of Rb 86 against a
      concentration gradient. The pump was not affected by light if the culture was
      conducted in the basal TC 199. However, light was observed to induce significant
      peroxidative degradation of the tissue lipids even in the basal medium, the
      degradation being indicated by the formation of malonaldehyde. Both the
      inhibition of the pump as well as the peroxidative degradation of the tissue
      lipids, were attenuated considerably by scavengers of superoxide and hydrogen
      peroxide. In addition, the lipid degradation was prevented by vitamins C and E.
      The results suggest that the photodynamic injury to the lens cation pump as well
      as to membrane lipids is incumbent upon an initial generation of superoxide and
      its derivatization to other oxidants. Thus, the ocular lens is susceptible to
      oxidative insult and physiological damage through photocatalytic generation of
      various oxygen radicals. Large concentrations of ascorbic acid in the aqueous
      humor seems to be able to provide significant protection against such an insult.
      Thus, this may be one of the functions of high concentration of ascorbic acid in
      the aqueous humor. The implication of oxidative stress has also been examined in
      the genesis of cataracts in vivo. Treatment with vitamin E of the Emory mouse led
      to a decrease in the rate of cataract progression suggesting that at least in
      some instances an oxidative stress could participate in the formation of
      cataracts. Oxygen radicals may inflict damage at multifarious biochemical sites.
      Human lens lipids were also shown to have an absorption maxima at 239 nm
      indicating their susceptibility to oxidative degradation. In addition the lipid
      extract has fluorescence similar to that of lipofuscins. The levels of MDA were
      higher in the brunescent cataracts as compared to that in the nonbrunescent
      cataracts. The implications of oxidative stress towards the genesis of cataracts
      in humans is being explored further.

PMID- 6360541
TI  - Glutathione and ocular photobiology.
AB  - Glutathione is present in both the reduced and oxidized form in the cornea,
      aqueous humor, ocular lens and retina. In these tissues it serves a variety of
      functions including maintaining normal tissue hydration (in the cornea)
      detoxifying peroxides and electrophilic compounds via enzymatic pathways and
      acting as a free radical scavenger to protect against photoinduced damage. In the
      ocular lens, glutathione levels decrease with aging and cataract formation.
      Recent evidence which may account in part for this phenomenon suggests that
      glutathione is altered when subjected to UV radiation in the presence of H2O2.
      Analyses employing fluorescence, phosphorescence, UV absorption and proton mode
      NMR spectroscopy demonstrate that UV exposure does alter both the reduced and
      oxidized forms of glutathione, producing the same final products. Moreover, while
      H2O2 speeds up the process, it is not essential to the reaction.

PMID- 6360542
TI  - Outlook for immune intervention in type I diabetes.

PMID- 6360544
TI  - Origin of pulmonary macrophages in mice under normal conditions and during an
      inflammatory reaction by heat-killed BCG.

PMID- 6360543
TI  - Role of islet cell antibodies in the pathogenesis of type I diabetes.

PMID- 6360545
TI  - Function of pulmonary alveolar macrophage fibronectin.

PMID- 6360546
TI  - Alveolar type II epithelial cells in primary culture.

PMID- 6360547
TI  - Synthesis of basal lamina by epidermal cells in vitro.
AB  - In epidermal cell cultures grown on type I collagen, the in vitro synthesis of
      basal lamina was studied by electron microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence
      with anti-type IV collagen antibody. The newly-formed basal lamina and type IV
      collagen were observed in a linear pattern beneath the epidermal cells. The
      observations strongly suggest that the basal lamina containing type IV collagen
      is newly synthesized by the epidermal cells.

PMID- 6360548
TI  - Aspects of the physiology and pathophysiology of desquamation.

PMID- 6360549
TI  - The structure proteins of the human nail.

PMID- 6360550
TI  - Prevention of congenital malformations.

PMID- 6360552
TI  - The surgery of granulomatous inflammatory bowel disease.

PMID- 6360551
TI  - The premature infant as a compromised host.

PMID- 6360553
TI  - Relapsing polychondritis. A case report and literature review.
AB  - Relapsing polychondritis is a systemic disorder characterized by recurrent
      inflammation and degeneration of cartilaginous tissue. The eyes, ears, nose,
      larynx, trachea, and articular areas are commonly involved. While ocular
      involvement, hearing, and vestibular dysfunction are frequently present, aortic
      valve and root disease as well as vasculitis also may occur. While the cause
      remains unknown, an autoimmune pathogenesis appears likely. Thus, dapsone and/or
      systemic corticosteroids remain the predominant effective therapies. Another case
      of relapsing polychondritis with an associated vasculitis syndrome is presented
      as well as a review of the current literature.

PMID- 6360555
TI  - Report of the Committee on the Genetic Constitution of Chromosomes 10, 11, and
      12.

PMID- 6360554
TI  - Pyoderma gangrenosum with IgA gammopathy.
AB  - A 46-year-old man with pyoderma gangrenosum and IgA gammopathy is described. This
      patient had no other identifiable associated systemic disease. His condition was
      unresponsive to oral corticosteroids, sulfones, and sulfapyridine therapy. His
      course was complicated by chronic sinusitis and necrotizing pneumonia. He was
      treated with clofazimine.

PMID- 6360556
TI  - Report of the Committee on the Genetic Constitution of Chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 16
      and 17.

PMID- 6360557
TI  - Report of the Committee on the Genetic Constitution of Chromosomes 18, 19, 20,
      21, and 22.

PMID- 6360558
TI  - Report of the Committee on the Genetic Constitution of the X and Y Chromosomes.

PMID- 6360559
TI  - Report of the Committee on Human Gene Mapping by Recombinant DNA Techniques.

PMID- 6360560
TI  - Report of the Committee on the Genetic Constitution of Chromosomes 2, 3, 4, and
      5.

PMID- 6360561
TI  - Report of the Committee on Chromosome Rearrangements in Neoplasia and on Fragile
      Sites.

PMID- 6360562
TI  - Report of the Committee on the Genetic Constitution of Chromosome 1.

PMID- 6360563
TI  - Report of the Committee on Comparative Mapping.

PMID- 6360564
TI  - Report of the Committee on the Genetic Constitution of Chromosome 6.

PMID- 6360565
TI  - Report of the Committee on the Genetic Constitution of Chromosomes 7, 8 and 9.

PMID- 6360566
TI  - Mechanical breath. Non-pharmacologic support for a failing heart?

PMID- 6360567
TI  - Titration of PEEP by the arterial minus end-tidal carbon dioxide gradient.
AB  - It was shown in dogs that intrapulmonary physiologic shunt (Qsp/Qt), arterial
      oxygen tension (PaO2), total static respiratory compliance (CT), oxygen delivery
      (O2AV), cardiac output (Qt), and arterial minus end-tidal carbon dioxide gradient
      (PaCO2-PetCO2) undergo statistically significant deterioration when oleic acid is
      injected into the pulmonary artery. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)
      therapy reduced Qsp/Qt and PaCO2-PetCO2 gradient and increased PaO2. The CT did
      not show any consistent pattern of improvement with the application of PEEP. The
      Qt and the O2AV progressively decreased as PEEP was increased. The application of
      additional PEEP beyond that which minimized the PaCO2-PetCO2 gradient produced a
      statistically significant increase in the PaCO2-PetCO2 gradient, but this was not
      reflected by concomitant changes in Qsp/Qt or PaO2 in spite of a further decrease
      in Qt. Thus, the PaCO2-PetCO2 gradient may be a more sensitive indicator of
      excessive PEEP than is Qst/Qt or PaO2, since it should be smallest when there is
      maximal recruitment of perfused or functional gas units without overdistention of
      alveolar areas contributing to dead space. Also, the use of the PaCO2-PetCO2
      gradient permits the rapid titration of PEEP without the need for a pulmonary
      artery catheter.

PMID- 6360568
TI  - Postoperative arrhythmias in patients with congenital heart disease.

PMID- 6360569
TI  - Legionnaires' disease. A review.

PMID- 6360570
TI  - Asystole and ventricular fibrillation associated with cocaine intoxication.
AB  - We discuss a patient with cocaine intoxication in whom the initial presentation
      was that of asystole and ventricular fibrillation. Cocaine has a direct toxic
      action on the heart and also sensitizes cardiac tissue to the action of
      catecholamines. Cocaine intoxication should be considered in any patient with
      unexplained cardiac arrest or ventricular arrhythmias.

PMID- 6360571
TI  - Positive nasal airway pressure eliminates snoring as well as obstructive sleep
      apnea.
AB  - Nine men who were habitual snorers were studied during a control and a treatment
      night (in random order) to assess the effect of nasal continuous positive airway
      pressure (CPAP) on snoring, sleep-disordered breathing, and nocturnal oxygen
      desaturation. Four subjects had symptoms suggestive of the sleep apnea syndrome,
      but the other five were asymptomatic. Polysomnography and recordings of snores
      were obtained on both nights. On the treatment night, the subjects wore a
      customized infant anesthesia mask over their noses, and CPAP was applied and
      adjusted upward from 4 cm H2O to a level that obliterated snoring. Nasal CPAP
      (range 4 to 13 cm H2O) reduced the mean number of snores per night from 1,015 per
      subject to 23 per subject (p less than 0.01). Mean numbers of episodes of apnea,
      hypopnea, and desaturation were also significantly reduced. Analysis of sleep
      structure showed no significant differences in sleep period time, total sleep
      time, or the percentages of stages 3 and 4 sleep. The percentage of stages 1 and
      2 was significantly greater on control nights, and the percentage of REM sleep
      was greater on treatment nights. On the control nights, snoring was common in
      stages 3 and 4 and least common during REM sleep.

PMID- 6360572
TI  - Acute myocardial infarction complicated by respiratory failure. The effects of
      mechanical ventilation.
AB  - The cardiopulmonary effects of ventilatory support were studied in 12 patients
      with an acute myocardial infarction complicated by respiratory failure. At
      constant end-expiratory pressure, controlled mechanical ventilation, intermittent
      mandatory ventilation with 50 percent mechanical support, and spontaneous
      breathing all resulted in acceptable blood gas values. Intermittent mandatory
      ventilation offered hemodynamic advantages over controlled mechanical
      ventilation, as evidenced by a higher cardiac index and a lower arteriovenous
      oxygen content difference. Electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial ischemia
      was observed in one patient during controlled mechanical ventilation, in one
      during partial ventilatory support, and in five patients during spontaneous
      breathing. Myocardial ischemia should be one of the major determinants of
      mechanical ventilation when a patient with ischemic heart disease is subjected to
      ventilator treatment. The total withdrawal of ventilatory support carries a risk
      of marked ischemia and is not recommended until the patient can be extubated.

PMID- 6360574
TI  - Appropriate lung distension for gas exchange in ARDS.

PMID- 6360573
TI  - Assessment of tachyphylaxis following prolonged therapy of asthma with inhaled
      albuterol aerosol.
AB  - Controversy exists concerning possible tachyphylaxis of the acute bronchodilating
      effect of albuterol, especially with regard to the duration of its acute
      bronchodilating action. We evaluated 140 patients with bronchial asthma in a
      prospective double-blind controlled study of possible tachyphylaxis to albuterol
      aerosol as compared to isoproterenol aerosol. We demonstrated statistically
      significant tachyphylaxis with regard to duration of acute bronchodilating
      effect. We believe that this tachyphylaxis is not clinically significant because
      there was no tachyphylaxis with regard to peak bronchodilating effect and because
      the duration of bronchodilating effect remains significantly greater, both
      quantitatively and statistically, when compared to isoproterenol aerosol.
      Moreover, it appeared that most of the tachyphylaxis was present at four weeks of
      therapy. There was a small increment of tachyphylaxis after eight weeks of
      therapy, but no further increase in tachyphylaxis was demonstrated after 13 weeks
      of inhaled albuterol therapy. We therefore feel that clinically significant
      tachyphylaxis to inhaled albuterol aerosol must be quite unusual and that chronic
      therapy with inhaled albuterol aerosol is probably both safe and efficacious for
      bronchospastic disorders.

PMID- 6360575
TI  - Verapamil administered twice daily in stable angina pectoris.
AB  - To assess whether verapamil taken orally twice daily (bd) was as effective as
      four times daily (qd) in patients with angina a placebo controlled double blind
      crossover trial was conducted in 12 patients. Each patient was randomized to
      verapamil, 160 mg bd, 80 mg qd, or corresponding placebo, each for three weeks.
      Patients were assessed subjectively and by treadmill exercise test. On both
      verapamil regimens, patients had less angina with delayed onset of ST segment
      depression during exercise compared to placebo, without any differences between
      the two regimens. On bd verapamil, patients could increase their exercise
      capacity as much as on qd without any increase in adverse effects. Angina
      threshold during exercise was increased by both regimens with a slightly higher
      threshold on qd verapamil compared to bd. Therefore, administration of verapamil
      twice daily is effective in patients with stable angina pectoris, with a similar
      efficacy to taking verapamil four times daily without any increase in adverse
      effects.

PMID- 6360576
TI  - A novel method for determination of beta-lactamase using the agar dilution
      method.
AB  - A novel test procedure is described for the rapid assay of beta-lactamase using
      the agar dilution method. The susceptibility to beta-lactamase was measured by
      adding an appropriate amount of enzyme to the diluting culture broth of a test
      organism in the agar dilution method. By this method, beta-lactamase
      susceptibility can be expressed in the same way as the MIC assay for antibiotics
      (microgram/ml). The results obtained with Escherichia coli beta-lactamase were
      closely related to the MIC patterns of the strains producing beta-lactamases.

PMID- 6360577
TI  - Efficacy of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in experimental Escherichia coli
      bacteremia and meningitis.
AB  - We evaluated the activity of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ) against a K1
      Escherichia coli strain. Minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations were
      0.06/1.14 and 0.25/4.75 micrograms/ml, respectively. In vivo studies using an
      infant rat model of bacteremia and meningitis revealed that TMP/SMZ penetrated
      well into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and that 37% of serum levels were
      achieved. The efficacy of TMP/SMZ was compared with that of ampicillin,
      chloramphenicol, cefotaxime and lamoxactam. Bacterial clearance from blood and
      CSF was significantly greater with TMP/SMZ than with ampicillin or
      chloramphenicol and mortality was significantly less than with chloramphenicol (p
      less than 0.01). However, 3 of 21 (14%) and 2 of 8 animals (25%) still had
      positive blood and CSF cultures after 3 days of treatment with TMP/SMZ. None of
      the survivors in the cefotaxime and lamoxactam groups were bacteremic after 1 day
      of therapy. Furthermore, 5 of 13 animals (38%) treated with TMP/SMZ developed
      meningitis during therapy, in contrast with none in the cefotaxime and lamoxactam
      groups. These findings indicate that although the activity of TMP/SMZ is
      bactericidal in vitro and in vivo against E. coli, TMP/SMZ may not provide
      optimal therapy for gram-negative bacillary meningitis in this model.

PMID- 6360578
TI  - [Priestly medicine in the ancient world].

PMID- 6360579
TI  - [Empiricism of form and the orientation of polished surfaces in complete lower
      dentures].

PMID- 6360580
TI  - [The grand premiere: our exhibit "From Charlatan to Dental Surgeon"].

PMID- 6360582
TI  - [Factors affecting the retention of lower complete dentures].

PMID- 6360581
TI  - [The hazards of fixation of the small intestine and mesentery. Analysis of 52
      complications and review of the literature].

PMID- 6360583
TI  - [Chlamydiosis].

PMID- 6360584
TI  - [Study on antibody against liver-specific membrane lipoprotein with solid phase
      enzyme immunoassay in patients with viral hepatitis].

PMID- 6360585
TI  - [Insulin release after oral glucose loading in patients with liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 6360586
TI  - Vitamin E and retrolental fibroplasia: prevention of serious ocular sequelae.
AB  - In an attempt to determine the role of vitamin E in retrolental fibroplasia (RLF)
      we report our experience with 191 infants of less than 1500 g birth weight. Of
      these infants, 16.75% had evidence of acute RLF in hospital, 8.4% had cicatricial
      RLF at follow-up, and four infants (2.1%) were blind, none of whom had received
      supplementary vitamin E. The incidence of cicatricial RLF at follow-up was
      significantly lower in infants who received vitamin E early after birth (12 h)
      than in those who did not (3 of 105 versus 13 of 86, X2 = 9.26, P = 0.002), as
      was the incidence of Grade III or greater cicatrix (0 of 105 versus 7 of 86, X2
      with Yates = 6.72, P = 0.01). Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis
      revealed three factors distinguishing infants who developed cicatricial RLF from
      those who did not: the lack of early vitamin E supplements (P = 0.0023), the
      significantly larger number of arterial PO2 values over 100 mmHg (P = 0.0056),
      and the presence of an intraventricular haemorrhage (P = 0.0032). The incidence
      and severity of necrotizing enterocolitis was similar in infants who received
      vitamin E and in those who did not. It is recommended that vitamin E be given
      within the first 12 hours of birth to all infants of less than 1500 g who require
      supplementary oxygen.

PMID- 6360587
TI  - Vitamin E and retrolental fibroplasia: ultrastructural mechanism of clinical
      efficacy.
AB  - Administration of control, oral or combined intramuscular and oral vitamin E to
      418 high risk, preterm infants (1500 g or less birth weight; 32 weeks or less
      gestational age; 305 surviving more than 10 weeks) led to raised peak plasma
      levels of the vitamin of between 0.6 and 3.3 mg% in three consecutive clinical
      trials. This early, non-toxic, prophylactic supplementation suppressed the
      development of severe retrolental fibroplasia when the antioxidant was given
      continuously from the first day of life until retinal quiescence. Studies of 63
      pairs of eyes by transmission electron microscopy revealed that spindle cells
      (the embryonic precursors of inner retinal capillaries) were the primary target
      of the vitamin E-induced suppression of severe retrolental fibroplasia. Extensive
      increases in the gap junctions between adjacent spindle cells in unsupplemented
      infants, or in supplemented infants of 27 weeks gestational age or less,
      triggered both neovascularization from the most nascent capillaries at the
      rearguard-vanguard retinal interface, and dilatation and tortuosity in the
      rearguard (posterior) retinal vessels. Continuous vitamin E supplementation
      permanently preserved the embryonic state of the spindle cells in infants of 28
      weeks gestational age or more, and transiently retarded gap junction increases in
      infants of 27 weeks gestational age or less.

PMID- 6360588
TI  - Protective effect of vitamin E on intraventricular haemorrhage in the newborn.
AB  - Forty-four consecutively born babies of birth weights under 1751 g were randomly
      selected to receive a daily intramuscular injection of vitamin E (all-rac-alpha
      tocopheryl acetate) from the day of birth (Day 0) until Day 3, or were allocated
      to a non-supplemented control group. Frequent ultrasound examinations of the
      brain were made during the first week of life and babies were classified as
      having 'no haemorrhage', 'subependymal haemorrhage (SEH) only' or
      'intraventricular haemorrhage' (IVH). The incidence of SEH or IVH was similar in
      supplemented (42.9%) and control babies (43.5%). SEH or IVH was observed only in
      babies of less than 32 weeks gestation; when only babies under 32 weeks were
      considered, IVH was less common in those supplemented (18.8%) than in the
      controls (56.3%). Babies with IVH had lower median plasma vitamin E
      concentrations when compared with babies without any haemorrhage and compared
      with those with only SEH. Three supplemented babies suffered IVH and they were
      the three with the lowest plasma vitamin E concentrations among the babies
      supplemented with vitamin E from Day 0 to Day 3. We speculate that vitamin E
      protects endothelial cell membranes of capillaries in the subependymal layer of
      the brain against oxidative damage and disruption and thereby limits the
      magnitude of haemorrhage in the subependymal layer, and reduces the risk of
      extension into the ventricles.

PMID- 6360589
TI  - Free radical protection: why vitamin E, not vitamin C, beta-carotene or
      glutathione?
AB  - There is increasing evidence that as a result of infection or the action of toxic
      chemicals or radiation, the body may be continuously exposed to the damaging
      action of free radicals. While previous results have suggested that zinc may be
      involved in limiting the formation of these highly reactive species, natural
      organic antioxidants such as vitamin E may also play an important role in
      reducing their effect. Recent results showing quantitative and qualitative
      differences in the free radical reactivity of vitamin E, vitamin C, beta-carotene
      and glutathione are reported. The possibility that in vivo these compounds may
      sometimes act synergistically is discussed in the light of recent information on
      hydrogen atom and electron transfer reactions and the long-established findings
      that vitamin C can augment the antioxidant action of vitamin E whereas iron salts
      can have a deleterious effect.

PMID- 6360590
TI  - Tocopherol content of adipose tissue from vitamin E-deficient humans.
AB  - The high performance liquid chromatographic isolation of tocopherol with
      fluorometric quantitation, which we have previously described, has been extended
      to the analysis of needle aspiration biopsies of adipose tissue. Results are
      expressed relative to triglyceride content (ng tocopherol per mg triglyceride).
      In normal subjects adipose tissue content was 262 +/- 33; this value was
      increased two- to three-fold in normal persons ingesting additional vitamin E.
      Abetalipoproteinaemic patients have very low adipose tissue tocopherol values-
      about 10-20% of normal subjects; with massive supplementation of vitamin E (grams
      per day) a number of such patients have achieved normal tissue tocopherol
      concentrations. Patients with cholestatic liver disease and low plasma content of
      tocopherol also had low adipose tissue values; these could be increased by
      parenteral administration of vitamin E. Neuromuscular improvement noted in
      response to treatment with supplementary vitamin E has not as yet been correlated
      to the adipose tissue increment of tocopherol. While extensive observations on
      the intestinal absorption of tocopherol in humans have been reported, the mode of
      transfer from plasma lipoproteins to tissues has been less studied. Our results
      from patients with lipoprotein lipase deficiency and other abnormalities of lipid
      metabolism suggest that considerable transfer occurs during the initial
      catabolism of the chylomicrons.

PMID- 6360591
TI  - Prophylactic antibiotics in elective colorectal surgery.
AB  - In an effort to determine whether or not the addition of parenteral antibiotics
      to orally administered erythromycin and neomycin would diminish postoperative
      septic complications in elective colorectal operations, a randomized, double
      blind, controlled trial was conducted comparing three groups. All patients
      received vigorous preoperative mechanical bowel preparation, 3 g erythromycin and
      3 g neomycin orally, the day prior to operation. Patients in Group O received
      three doses of saline intravenously as placebo, patients in Group C received
      cefazolin, 1 g, immediately preoperatively and 1 g every 6 hours postoperatively,
      intravenously, for two doses, and patients in Group T received a single immediate
      preoperative dose of 6 g of ticarcillin intravenously and two saline placebo
      doses intravenously, postoperatively. The patients' progress was followed in the
      hospital and for one month postoperatively. Septic complications occurred in 35
      per cent of patients in Group O, 7 per cent of patients in Group C, and 5 per
      cent of patients in Group T. Wound infections comprised most of these
      complications, occurring in 29 per cent of Group O, 4.7 per cent of Group C, and
      2.3 per cent of Group T patients. Thus, the addition of either parenteral
      cefazolin or ticarcillin in this study significantly reduced wound infections in
      elective colorectal surgery.

PMID- 6360592
TI  - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. Henry Drysdale Dakin 1880-1952.
      On the use of certain antiseptic substances in the treatment of infected wounds.

PMID- 6360593
TI  - Tissue CEA in colorectal carcinoma.
AB  - Immunoperoxidase method can be used to detect cellular or tissue CEA. Forty
      formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens of colorectal carcinoma, 19 from
      patients who survived for five years after resection, and 21 from patients who
      died within five years were studied. Cellular CEA was present in 100 per cent of
      the specimens. Accurate quantitative evaluation of cellular CEA is currently not
      feasible. Therefore, the mere presence of cellular CEA has no prognostic value.

PMID- 6360594
TI  - Single-layer polypropylene colorectal anastomosis. Experience with 100 cases.
AB  - The technique of single-layer continuous polypropylene colorectal anastomosis is
      described. The authors' experience with their initial 100 cases is analyzed in
      detail. No clinical leaks or anastomotic strictures were noted in a two-year
      follow-up period. The technique is safe, easily learned, rapidly performed, and
      it does not add significantly to the cost of medical care. The authors' total
      experience with this anastomosis now exceeds 350 cases.

PMID- 6360596
TI  - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. Frederick Salmon 1796-1868.

PMID- 6360595
TI  - The experimental basis of intestinal suturing. Effect of surgical technique,
      inflammation, and infection on enteric wound healing.
AB  - Factors that incite inflammation at the healing wound prolong the lag period of
      wound healing and delay the return of strength at the suture line. Inflammation
      activates bowel-wall collagenase, which degrades the collagen within the wound,
      eroding the foundation in which sutures are anchored. Experimental studies have
      compared the impact of various surgical techniques. Sutures placed by hand
      uniformly invoke an inflammatory response because dragging the thread through the
      bowel wall injures tissue. Single-layer anastomoses heal more rapidly than double
      layer suture lines. The inner layer causes avascular necrosis of the inverted
      cuff. Experimental studies have not clearly shown the superiority of inverting
      suture lines over everting ones. Experimental studies done over the last century
      indicate that the single-layer inverting anastomosis recommended by Lembert and
      Halstead adequately compensates for enteric wound weakness during the lag period.
      Other techniques of sewing an anastomosis provide no clear advantage. Other
      factors that incite inflammation also delay enteric wound healing. Debris,
      necrotic tissue, or infection illicit an inflammatory response with detrimental
      effects on the anastomosis. Antibiotics, by assisting in the control of infection
      or by minimizing the size of an inoculum, help speed healing. Stapling devices
      violate many of the doctrines of intestinal suturing. Experimental studies
      suggest, however, that staple lines incite a minimal inflammatory response.
      Consequently, wounds closed with stapling devices regain strength more rapidly
      than those closed with traditional surgical techniques.

PMID- 6360597
TI  - Effect of metoclopramide on normal and delayed gastric emptying in
      gastroesophageal reflux patients.
AB  - Gastric emptying has an important role in the pathophysiology of gastroesophageal
      reflux disease. We investigated the effect of metoclopramide, a gastric
      prokinetic agent, in gastroesophageal reflux patients with normal as well as
      delayed emptying. Twenty-six patients with subjective and objective evidence of
      gastroesophageal reflux ingested an egg salad sandwich meal labeled with
      99mtechnetium-DTPA for a baseline study, and then again on a separate day after
      receiving oral metoclopramide, 10 mg, 30 min prior to the test meal. The mean
      percent isotope remaining in the stomach after 90 min improved significantly (P
      less than 0.001) from 70.3 +/- 3.9% (SEM) to 55.2 +/- 4.2% after metoclopramide.
      Fourteen (54%) had a basal emptying in the normal range of 34-69% retention of
      isotope at 90 min, (means +/- 2 SD), while it was slow in 12 (46%). For those
      with delayed basal gastric emptying, the mean retention of 88.9 +/- 2.9% at 90
      min was significantly (P less than 0.005) decreased by metoclopramide to 68.6 +/-
      6.1%. In those patients with a normal basal gastric emptying and a mean retention
      of 54.4 +/- 2.3% at 90 min, there was also significant improvement (P less than
      0.025) to 43.6 +/- 3.6% after metoclopramide. These data indicate that
      metoclopramide increased gastric emptying in gastroesophageal reflux patients
      with normal as well as delayed gastric emptying. Therefore on a patient
      management level a trial of metoclopramide is warranted in patients with
      gastroesophageal reflux disease and is not limited by the gastric emptying status
      of the patient.

PMID- 6360598
TI  - Problems of mothers in management of children with diabetes.
AB  - This study was designed to determine which aspects of diabetic management were
      perceived by mothers of children with diabetes to be the most problematic. A
      secondary purpose was to explore how age and sex of the child, age at diagnosis,
      illness duration, marital status, and socioeconomic status of the mother were
      related to the mother's perception of problematic aspects of care. The 84
      subjects in this study were asked to complete the Diabetic Management Concern
      Questionnaire, which measures concern about 11 dimensions of diabetes management,
      along with a personal-situational information sheet. Results indicated that the
      three dimensions classified by mothers as most problematic were future concerns,
      hypoglycemia, and diabetic control. The younger the child, the greater the
      maternal concern about hypoglycemic reactions and availability of help/support.
      The younger the child was at diagnosis, the more the mother was concerned with
      hypoglycemic reactions. A shorter duration of illness was related to concern
      about insulin injections. Subjects with lower socioeconomic status were concerned
      about finances, the availability of help/support, and the psychological stigma of
      diabetes. Single mothers were also concerned about financial aspects of
      management. There were no differences in concerns between mothers of boys and
      girls. Implications of the findings for clinical practice are presented.

PMID- 6360599
TI  - Insulin resistance in fat cells from insulin-treated type I diabetic individuals.
AB  - Fat biopsies from the lower abdominal wall were obtained from 13 insulin-treated
      type I diabetic subjects and from 12 age-, weight-, and sex-matched control
      subjects. Insulin binding and the antilipolytic effect of insulin were studied.
      Insulin binding was significantly reduced in the diabetic subjects (34% reduction
      at tracer binding, P less than 0.05) due to a decreased number of binding sites.
      In agreement with this, the dose-response curve for the antilipolytic effect of
      insulin was shifted to the right in the diabetic subjects. Furthermore, the
      maximal antilipolytic effect of insulin was also reduced (64%, P less than 0.05).
      Thus, fat cells from conventionally treated type I diabetic individuals are
      resistant to insulin. This resistance is due to a combination of a decreased
      number of insulin binding sites and an unspecified intracellular (postreceptor)
      defect involving the antilipolytic effect of insulin. These findings are in
      accord with recent in vivo studies showing that type I diabetic patients are also
      resistant to the stimulating effect of insulin on glucose disposal.

PMID- 6360600
TI  - The validation of a diabetes patient knowledge test.
AB  - Diabetes knowledge tests, used in conjunction with measures of patient attitudes
      and behaviors, can provide a useful basis for assessing educational needs and
      designing appropriate instructional experiences. Accurate decisions require
      instruments that measure patient knowledge of diabetes and its management with
      high reliability and validity. Data obtained from more than 950 administrations
      of two parallel forms of a Diabetes Patient Knowledge Test have provided
      documentation of patient knowledge levels, insight into the effectiveness of
      educational programs, and support for ongoing program revisions. These data have
      also allowed study of the psychometric properties of the test instruments,
      including factor structure, reliability, and validity. Each test form has an
      overall reliability of 0.89 and the forms are of equal difficulty. Five
      subcomponents (factors) labeled "Carbohydrates," "Blood Sugar," "Basics," "Food
      Exchanges," and "Insulin Administration" are measured in the tests. Evidence of
      content, construct, concurrent, and discriminant validity has been demonstrated.

PMID- 6360601
TI  - Profiling self-monitored blood glucose results with the personal microcomputer.
AB  - Personal microcomputers are becoming available to millions of individuals.
      Inevitably this new technology will be applied in a variety of ways to the
      routine management of diabetes. In this article we present the results of a pilot
      effort which shows that large cumbersome sets of blood glucose data, obtained by
      conventional self-monitoring techniques, can be stored, analyzed, and displayed
      conveniently with a home microcomputer. This technique has potential value for
      the identification of long-term trends in blood glucose regulation.

PMID- 6360602
TI  - An approach to the prevention of blindness in diabetes.
AB  - Diabetic eye disease is the leading cause of new cases of legal blindness in
      American adults under the age of 65 yr. Diabetic persons are at risk for visual
      loss due to diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and cataracts. Better understanding
      of the natural histories of these complications and recent advances in treatment
      have provided a rationale for developing an approach to prevent visual loss. This
      approach requires that diabetic patients who are at high risk for visual loss,
      and not under the care of ophthalmologists, be systematically screened, referred,
      and treated.

PMID- 6360603
TI  - [The place of guanfacine in the treatment of essential arterial hypertension].

PMID- 6360604
TI  - What are the distinguishing factors of human insulin and when will it be
      available?

PMID- 6360605
TI  - Mixing insulins.

PMID- 6360606
TI  - [Functional interaction of the information transmission pathways in Escherichia
      coli].

PMID- 6360607
TI  - [High saturation by direct copies in RNA-polymerase genes based on context
      analysis data].

PMID- 6360608
TI  - A cognitive behavioral analysis of relaxation training in drug abusers.
AB  - The process of autogenic training, a form of relaxation training, was studied in
      a sample of 23 drug abusers in outpatient treatment. Different theories of drug
      abuse and treatment generate different predictions of perceived emotional effects
      of treatment. The relationships among symptomatology and affect as assessed by
      the three-factor emotionality constructs of pleasure, arousal and dominance were
      examined to provide information on the relative importance of perceptions of
      tension-reduction, sense of control and hedonic state to the treatment process.
      Symptomatology and affect were significantly related and improved over the course
      of treatment. The euphoria-dysphoria dimension was more salient than perceptions
      of arousal reduction or increased sense of control. Results suggested the
      importance of further investigation of patients' perceptions of the desired
      effects of drug taking on mood in order to optimize the impact of treatment
      interventions such as relaxation training.

PMID- 6360609
TI  - Evolutionary biology, animal behavior, fourth-dimensional space, and the raison
      d'etre of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics.

PMID- 6360610
TI  - Use of the isolated perfused kidney as a tool in drug disposition studies.

PMID- 6360611
TI  - Micro LC/MS in drug analysis and metabolism studies.
AB  - LC/MS has become a routine research tool in some laboratories. Although no single
      approach to LC/MS presently is without limitations, each approach offers
      encouraging results and prompts continued improvements. The remaining hurdles
      appear to be the introduction of total LC effluent into the MS, increased
      sensitivity, and the ability to analyze higher molecular weight, polar molecules.
      The micro LC/MS results discussed in this paper offer an opportunity for
      significantly increased sensitivity by allowing total micro LC effluent
      introduction into the MS. It remains to be seen whether the development of micro
      LC column and equipment technology will allow practical micro LC/MS. It may
      someday provide improved separation of drugs, metabolites, and their conjugates
      from high levels of endogenous materials in reasonable time periods. Currently,
      the impressive efficiencies demonstrated for micro LC columns involve mixtures
      containing low molecular weight solutes that are perhaps more amenable to GC
      analysis. The analyst routinely involved with problem solving must deal with
      complex mixtures composed of components with large concentration differences. The
      future of micro LC, and hence micro LC/MS, will depend upon how well the
      technique helps solve problems. We believe the future is bright for micro LC/MS.
      The techniques may require some fine tuning of operating procedures, just as with
      capillary GC/MS, but certainly the potential for increased efficiency and
      sensitivity is worth the effort. Currently we are testing a new micro LC/MS DLI
      probe wherein the exit of the micro column is within 1 cm of the MS ion source
      [82]. The micro LC column is contained within the DLI probe and should offer the
      lowest dead volume and the least extracolumn effects yet achieved by LC/MS.
      Initial testing of this new probe is under way, and experimental results will be
      reported subsequently. The analytical potential of micro LC/MS is receiving
      considerable interest. Practical micro LC performance can provide increased
      capabilities to all types of LC/MS reported to date, and perhaps offer new
      insight into alternative methods of LC/MS not yet reported. We look forward to
      learning of these breakthroughs as they become available.

PMID- 6360612
TI  - Pirprofen.
AB  - Pirprofen, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) undergoing Phase III
      investigation as Rengasil (Ciba-Geigy Corp.), is useful in the management of both
      rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and as an analgesic. In doses of 600-800
      mg/d, pirprofen has been found to be as effective as, but not superior to,
      aspirin 3.6 g/d in relieving the more common symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis.
      Pirprofen is as effective as, but not superior to, other available NSAIDs in
      terms of efficacy, tolerability, and incidence of adverse effects. The
      recommended dosage in osteoarthritis is 450-600 mg/d. As with all NSAIDs,
      including aspirin, the side effects most commonly seen with pirprofen are
      gastrointestinal in nature. Peptic ulceration and occult gastrointestinal blood
      loss have been reported in a small percentage of patients receiving pirprofen.
      Central-nervous-system-related side effects that are frequently associated with
      high-dose aspirin therapy appear less frequently with pirprofen. Although it does
      not offer distinct advantages over other NSAIDs, pirprofen offers an effective
      therapeutic alternative for patients who are unable to tolerate aspirin or other
      existing compounds.

PMID- 6360613
TI  - Wondering and musing.

PMID- 6360614
TI  - [Irreversible failure of a transplanted kidney, caused by ketoprofen?].

PMID- 6360615
TI  - [Digital subtraction angiography and extra-anatomical bypass in patients at
      risk].

PMID- 6360616
TI  - [Childbirth customs of the Kankanai-Igorot. A contribution to natural
      childbirth].

PMID- 6360617
TI  - [Septicemia. Etiology, epidemiology, clinical aspects and prognosis in 446
      patients].
AB  - Between 1979 and 1982 446 patients with clinically and bacteriologically
      established septicaemia were ascertained in a prospective study in a university
      hospital complex with 1200 beds. This corresponded to an incidence of 8,4 cases
      of septicaemia in 1000 admissions. In 47.1% of patients the infection had been
      acquired as out-patient, 52.9% were hospital-acquired. 53.1% of patients were
      more than 60 years of age, 71.3% had predisposing underlying diseases or risk
      factors. Main signs of infection were increased temperatures of more than 38.5
      degrees C (77.8%), anaemia and leukocytosis. The fairly equal distribution of
      gram-positive (207) and gram-negative (200) organisms was remarkable. The most
      frequently isolated bacterial species were E. coli (25.3%), Staph. aureus
      (21.8%), streptococci (11.1%), Staph. epidermidis (8.4%), enterococci (8.2%), and
      Klebsiellae (6.5%). 29.1% of patients succumbed. Nosocomial disease, liver
      cirrhosis, underlying malignant diseases, infections with Staph. aureus,
      enterococci, pneumococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and polymicrobial aetiology had
      an unfavourable prognostic influence. Thus, frequency and mortality of
      septicaemic diseases remain of unchanged considerable relevance in medical and
      surgical units. At present, aetiology and treatment will again have to consider
      gram-negative organisms to an increased extent.

PMID- 6360618
TI  - [Hans Erhard Bock. Thoughts on his 80th birthday on 31 December 1983].

PMID- 6360619
TI  - [Use of prostaglandin F2 alpha analogs in the mare: I. Alfaprostol for ovulation
      induction during heat. II. Tiaprost for heat induction following neglected foal
      heat].

PMID- 6360620
TI  - [Induction of lactation in dry cows with mummified fetuses].

PMID- 6360621
TI  - [Role of the epididymis in the formation of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa
      in bulls].

PMID- 6360622
TI  - [Performance of traction aid in bovine delivery (simultaneous or alternative
      traction on the calf in anterior presentation)].

PMID- 6360623
TI  - [Effect of different supplementations of selenium on the selenium concentration
      of the blood and placental tissue in cows].

PMID- 6360624
TI  - [Iatrogenic bovine diseases].

PMID- 6360625
TI  - [Treatment of bovine Corynebacterium pyogenes endometritis with totocillin].

PMID- 6360626
TI  - [Relation between the rearing intensity of male breeding calves and subsequent
      qualification for insemination].

PMID- 6360627
TI  - [Production of monozygotic bovine twins at the embryo transfer station of the
      Lower Saxony Cattle Breeding Center in Nuckel-Bremerhaven].

PMID- 6360628
TI  - [Development and evaluation of bovine embryos recovered from superovulated donor
      animals].

PMID- 6360629
TI  - [Technical performance of embryo transfer service programs of the Neustadt
      Insemination Association].

PMID- 6360630
TI  - [Comparative studies of the course of mineral, metabolite, enzyme and hormone
      levels in blood serum ante partum in dairy cows with and without later retained
      placenta].

PMID- 6360631
TI  - [Echographic pregnancy determination with the VETOSCAN ultrasonic device-
      possibilities and limitations for its use in the bitch].

PMID- 6360632
TI  - [Helicopter overflights and labor disorders in cattle (expert testimony)].

PMID- 6360633
TI  - [Segmental aplasia and hypoplasia of the epididymis in the bull].

PMID- 6360634
TI  - Amrinone. A preliminary review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic
      use.
AB  - Amrinone is a bipyridine derivative with positive inotropic effects and
      vasodilatory properties. However, in the clinical setting of congestive heart
      failure, the relative contribution of these factors remains a matter of
      conjecture. Its mode of action appears to be related to alterations in
      extracellular and intracellular calcium balance, probably mediated by increased
      levels of tissue cyclic adenosine monophosphate and possibly involving a sodium
      dependent pathway. Clinical experience has mostly been short term and is limited
      to a relatively small number of patients with severe congestive heart failure,
      refractory to conventional treatment. Amrinone rapidly improves cardiac
      performance by decreasing systemic vascular resistance (afterload), decreasing
      the determinants of left ventricular filling pressure (preload) and improving the
      cardiac contractility. Improvements in exercise performance and clinical
      symptomatology occur without an increase in heart rate or decrease in mean
      arterial pressure. Amrinone has been compared with dopamine, dobutamine,
      pirbuterol and prazosin in preliminary short terms studies in patients with
      severe congestive heart failure, although more studies are needed before any
      relative clinical advantages or disadvantages can be ascribed to amrinone.
      Initial experience suggests that the addition of vasodilators such as hydralazine
      and isosorbide dinitrate to amrinone therapy may confer additional haemodynamic
      benefits. Preliminary medium term studies suggest that tolerance to the
      haemodynamic effects of amrinone does not usually occur, but long term studies
      are needed to determine whether amrinone alters the normal progression of the
      disease and whether overall mortality is affected. Amrinone has usually been
      administered as intravenous bolus doses (totalling 1.5 to 3.6 mg/kg/day) and/or
      continuous intravenous infusion, with varied results. Generally, an oral dose
      greater than the intravenous dose is required to achieve an equivalent level of
      response. Reversible, usually asymptomatic, thrombocytopenia occurs in about 20%
      of patients treated with amrinone. Arrhythmias and gastrointestinal disturbances
      have been reported, but wider clinical experience is required to determine the
      side effect profile of the drug.

PMID- 6360637
TI  - [How to study genes?].

PMID- 6360638
TI  - [Structure and function of globin genes].

PMID- 6360639
TI  - [The collagen gene family].

PMID- 6360640
TI  - [Oncogenes].

PMID- 6360636
TI  - Antimicrobial drugs used in the management of anaerobic infections in children.
AB  - Optimum antimicrobial therapy effective against anaerobes is required to rapidly
      resolve infections due to these organisms and to prevent serious complications.
      Selection of antimicrobial therapy should be based on clinical experience and
      presumptive evidence until culture and sensitivity tests are available. If an
      abscess should develop, surgical drainage (when possible) is of paramount
      importance. Antimicrobial therapy for anaerobic infections should usually be
      given for prolonged periods because of the tendency for relapse, and should
      include coverage for aerobic bacteria whenever they are present. Penicillin G
      remains the drug of choice for most anaerobic infections except those caused by
      beta-lactamase-producing Bacteroides spp. such as B. fragilis and B.
      melaninogenicus, and some strains of Fusobacterium varium, which can be
      resistant. Other antimicrobials which are available for treatment of anaerobic
      infections in paediatric patients, and are generally active against B. fragilis,
      are carbenicillin, ticarcillin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin and cefoxitin.
      Experience in the use of metronidazole suggests that it could be a very valuable
      antimicrobial agent in the treatment of anaerobic infections. Experience with
      synergistic antimicrobial combinations in the treatment of anaerobic infections
      is limited; only experimental data are available suggesting synergism between
      penicillin and aminoglycosides against some Bacteroides spp. beta-Lactamase
      producing anaerobic bacteria may protect other penicillin-susceptible bacteria in
      mixed infections. This phenomenon may explain penicillin failure in eradicating
      mixed infections.

PMID- 6360635
TI  - Enkephalins and Endorphins. Clinical, pharmacological and therapeutic
      implications.
AB  - During the past 8 years there has been substantial progress in our understanding
      of the structure, distribution and action of endogenous opioid peptides.
      Currently, there appear to be 2 groups of peptides; those derived from beta
      lipotropin and an enkephalin-related group. Some of these peptides have been
      shown to be distributed widely in the central nervous system and in endocrine
      tissues. The activity of the peptides probably occurs at several receptors but
      only 1 relatively specific (mu-receptor) antagonist, naloxone, is well studies.
      Although there have been many clinical studies of the action of opioids in man,
      no novel therapeutic applications have yet been established in clinical practice.
      Of the many areas of involvement attributed to opioids, those of analgesia,
      reproductive endocrinology, opiate dependence, and certain as yet undefined
      subtypes of major psychoses seem reasonably promising. Speculation surround
      opioid involvement in other disorders such as spinal trauma, septic shock,
      alcohol dependence, "functional' gastrointestinal disease, diabetes and asthma is
      of considerable interest but is supported by less clinical evidence. It seems
      that as research in opioids advances, the putative physiological opioid "spheres
      of influence' widen. At the same time, opioid mechanisms of action are being
      revealed to be more subtle and complex than previously thought. As a consequence,
      the expectations of rapid therapeutic application of opioid peptides and their
      antagonists are being modified and refined and realistic research strategies
      applied. In view of the work reviewed in this paper it seems reasonable to expect
      that such work will pay dividends in the not too distant future.

PMID- 6360641
TI  - [Production of foreign proteins by microbes].

PMID- 6360642
TI  - [Nucleic acid hybridization--a new method of diagnosing microbial infections].

PMID- 6360643
TI  - [Recombinant DNA technics in the study of hereditary diseases].

PMID- 6360644
TI  - [Radiation and subsequent primary cancer among cervical cancer patients in
      Finland].

PMID- 6360645
TI  - [Misleading HANE (hereditary angioneurotic edema)].

PMID- 6360646
TI  - [Treatment of urolithiasis].

PMID- 6360647
TI  - Medical genetics: an overview and update.

PMID- 6360648
TI  - Hearing loss associated with hereditary diseases and syndromes.

PMID- 6360649
TI  - Audiologic evaluation of hereditary and congenital hearing impairment.

PMID- 6360651
TI  - Some reflections on development of health services in Kenya.

PMID- 6360652
TI  - Preliminary report: iron metabolic changes in Plasmodium falciparum malaria.

PMID- 6360650
TI  - Radiologic assessment of congenital anomalies of the ear.

PMID- 6360653
TI  - ABO blood groups and infections with human malarial parasites in vivo and in
      vitro.

PMID- 6360654
TI  - Practical therapeutics: the role of diuretics in current medicine.

PMID- 6360655
TI  - [Liposomes in the biological experiment and medical practice].

PMID- 6360656
TI  - [Experimental nitrosamine carcinogenesis and the histological, histochemical,
      ultrastructural and enzymocytochemical changes in the liver].

PMID- 6360657
TI  - [Antiglobulin rosette-forming tests for demonstrating surface lymphocyte membrane
      receptors].

PMID- 6360658
TI  - Thyroid hormones in milk: physiological approach--a review.
AB  - Reported values of the concentration of thyroid hormones in milk vary
      substantially. There are some doubts on the specificity of methods used for their
      estimation. We aimed, therefore, to study the effects of mother milk on thyroid
      function parameters in sucklings as well as at the effect of milk secretion on
      maternal thyroid. According to Fukuda et al. [1980] the lactation induces a
      hypothyroid state in the rat (high TSH, low thyroid hormones in maternal plasma).
      In our study the weaning of 18-day old rats resulted in gradual decrease of T4 in
      suckling plasma through 24 h followed with a transient thyroid activation.
      Thyroidectomy of lactating rats resulted in a transient decrease of T4 in
      sucklings. The difference in mother milk intake achieved by different litter size
      also affected the thyroid function of sucklings. The pups from small size litters
      (more milk consumption) had low thyroid secretion rate and low plasma TSH, while
      the level of T4 in plasma was high under a higher growth rate and accelerated
      overall maturation. All these results suggest an exogenous intake of thyroid
      hormones in suckling rat. We found that lactation in women resulted in lower T4
      and higher TSH in plasma as compared to women who had interrupted their
      lactation. In the next part of our study more than 80 infants were longitudinally
      followed and sampled at birth (cord blood), at 2, 6 and 10 weeks and at 4, 6, 9
      and 12 months. Only moderate differences were found at 4 months (high rT3) in
      breast fed infants and 9 at months (high T3 in plasma of infants weaned during
      the first week of life) when the data were evaluated according to the type of
      feeding. Thyroid activity of human milk was tested by feeding thyroidectomized
      rats with a diet containing human milk. Although plasma TSH was affected by such
      a diet, we did not detect any T4 and T3 in plasma of thyroidectomized rats which
      probably refects low calculated intake of hormones with the diet. We conclude
      that the lactation affects the thyroid economy of maternal organisms. Maternal
      milk definitely affects thyroid function parameters in the rat, while the effect
      on infant thyroid is more difficult to demonstrate.

PMID- 6360659
TI  - Effect of thyroid hormones from maternal milk on some measures of body growth and
      endocrine system in newborn sucklings.
AB  - The effect of thyroidectomy (TX) in lactating mother on the development of
      sucklings was studied during first 15 days of life. TX resulted in a decrease of
      thyroxine (T4) level in maternal milk which further resulted in a decrease of the
      level of T4, insulin and glucose in serum of newborns, and a decrease of body
      weight and of the glycogen content in liver. It is suggested that the
      hypoglycemia, decrease of liver glycogen and retardation of body growth under
      such conditions result from the inhibition of glucogenesis due to a deficiency of
      T4 and presumably also of GH in sucklings. These investigations showed that
      changes of glucose and glycogen in newborns during the early postnatal period
      together with some other measures of the development may be used in the
      evaluation of their adaptation capability.

PMID- 6360660
TI  - Milk insulin, GH and TSH: relationship to changes in milk lactose, glucose and
      protein during lactogenesis in women.
AB  - Changes in concentration of insulin, growth hormone (GH) and thyroid stimulating
      hormone (TSH) in the whey fraction of mammary secretion of women during late
      pregnancy and lactogenesis were determined by radioimmunoassay. The milk hormone
      changes were compared to changes in the concentration of milk lactose, glucose
      and proteins which reflect the transition from colostrum to milk production
      during lactogenesis. During late pregnancy the average concentrations of insulin,
      GH and TSH in the colostrum of 2 women were 114.6 microU ml-1, 21.7 microU ml-1
      and 14.1 microU ml-1, respectively. The concentrations of these hormones fell
      from high to low levels between day 1 and day 2 post partum concomitantly with
      the changes in the concentration of milk lactose, glucose and protein. On day 5
      post partum the average milk concentrations of insulin, GH and TSH were 21.0
      microU ml-1, 4.0 microU ml-1, and 5.0 microU ml-1, respectively. Similar milk
      hormone changes occurred in non breast feeding women during the first 11 days
      post partum. During 2 to 13 months of lactation one woman, the average
      concentration of milk insulin was 12 microU ml-1. In another woman, from 0 to 22
      days after termination of breast feeding, the concentration of insulin increased
      from 19 to 56 microU ml-1. There were significant positive correlations between
      hormones and total protein and negative correlations between hormones and
      lactose, and hormones and glucose in women during lactogenesis and involution.
      The results showed that the changes in insulin, GH and TSH in milk were closely
      related to changes in secretory activity and permeability of the breast.

PMID- 6360661
TI  - Elevated LHRH levels in human milk.
AB  - Anterior pituitary gonadotropins are regulated by the hypothalamic peptide
      hormone LHRH. However, the extrahypothalamic source(s) as well as extrapituitary
      action(s) of LHRH exist. We describe the discovery of relatively elevated levels
      of LHRH in human milk and its possible functions in the neonates. Blood and milk
      samples were obtained at the same time in post-partum period from lactating
      mothers. Special methods of extraction and concentration of milk as well as
      plasma LHRH were developed, and the hormone levels were determined by a sensitive
      double antibody radioimmunoassay using 125I-LHRH of high specific activity and
      immunoreactivity. Human milk contained 5 to 6 times more LHRH than plasma
      samples. The pure milk LHRH was fully biologically active when tested in vivo.
      Another hypothalamic hormone, TRH, is not found in such high concentrations in
      milk, only 5% that of LHRH. This excludes the possibility of an in vivo
      concentrating mechanism for the hypothalamic LHRH. Since LHRH neurons possess
      only minute amounts of the hormone, which is released in hypophyseal portal
      circulation, the large amounts present in the milk of lactating mothers may be of
      extrahypothalamic origin. Partial absorption of intact LHRH from intestine is
      known. The elevated levels of milk LHRH may have a profound influence in certain
      biological processes in the neonatal life, in continuation of the intrauterine
      exposure to high levels of LHRH of placental origin.

PMID- 6360663
TI  - The insulin receptor of a human monocyte-like cell line: characterization and
      function.
AB  - Most clinical studies of the insulin receptor in man have been carried out in
      circulating cells, mainly monocytes. It is important to establish whether the
      function of the insulin receptor in blood cells reflects that of the major target
      tissues. Since peripheral monocytes do not divide, they cannot be studied under
      continuous cell culture conditions. We, therefore, studied the insulin receptor
      of a monocyte-like human cell line (U-937) to determine whether it could serve as
      a model for further investigation of the function of the insulin receptor. We
      found that the U-937 cells bind [125I]insulin specifically and in a time-,
      temperature-, concentration-, and pH-dependent fashion, similar to circulating
      monocytes. In addition, they internalize the hormone-receptor complex rapidly and
      extensively at 37 C in a fashion analogous to that of blood monocytes and
      hepatocytes. U-937 cells show a similar affinity for insulin as monocytes. Unlike
      hepatocytes, these cells do not appear to release extensive insulin-degrading
      activity and do not degrade cell surface-associated ligand during initial
      incubations. [125I] Insulin extracted or dissociated spontaneously from the cell
      surface shows full rebindability to fresh cells. The insulin receptor of the U
      937 cells can be down-regulated as in the major target cells. As in cultured
      human lymphocytes, preincubation of U-937 cells with prednisolone results in
      significantly increased insulin binding. Incubation with a phorbol ester tumor
      promoter, in contrast, inhibits the extent of specific [125I]insulin binding to U
      937 cells by altering the receptor affinity. The insulin receptor of the U-937
      monocyte-like cell line mirrors the insulin receptor of blood monocytes and
      target cells; it is a useful tool for further in vitro studies of the insulin
      receptor.

PMID- 6360662
TI  - The actions of insulin-like growth factors I and II on cultured Sertoli cells.
AB  - Cultured Sertoli cells prepared from young rats (13 days old) showed increased
      incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA, increased production of lactate, and
      increased incorporation of [3H]leucine into protein in response to micromolar
      concentrations of insulin and nanomolar concentrations of insulin-like growth
      factor II (IGF-II). The first of these responses was also seen with nanomolar
      concentrations of IGF-I. Receptor affinity labeling studies using Sertoli cell
      membranes and whole Sertoli cells showed that these cells possess abundant growth
      factor receptors of type I (mol wt, 350,000) that show high affinity for IGF-I,
      moderate affinity for IGF-II, and low affinity for insulin. Sertoli cell
      membranes also show abundant growth factor receptors of type II (mol wt, 230,000)
      that show high affinity for IGF-II, moderate affinity for IGF-I, and no
      detectable affinity for insulin. Moreover, the responses of the Sertoli cell to
      insulin were observed at concentrations of 100 nM or higher, whereas insulin
      receptors are known to be saturated by insulin at concentrations of 10 nM or
      less. It is, therefore, concluded that Sertoli cells possess receptors for IGF-I
      and that the responses observed to insulin may result from binding of these
      hormones to receptors for IGF-I.

PMID- 6360664
TI  - Down-regulation of insulin binding by human and rat hepatocytes in primary
      culture: the possible role of insulin internalization and degradation.
AB  - Insulin binding and down-regulation were studied in primary cultures of human and
      rat hepatocytes. Equilibrium binding characteristics were similar in the two
      species, with a curvilinear Scatchard plot compatible with binding sites of high
      and low apparent affinities. The dose-response curve for insulin stimulation of
      glycogen synthesis coincided with the dose-occupancy curve of the low affinity
      sites; a maximal biological effect was reached at 50% occupancy. Exposure of rat
      hepatocytes to 2 X 10(-9) M insulin for 24 h produced a 48% decrease in binding
      capacity due to decreases in both types of binding sites and a 50% decrease in
      maximal insulin stimulation of glycogen synthesis. After exposure to the same
      insulin concentration human cells had an 83% decrease in maximum binding
      capacity, due exclusively to a complete loss of low affinity sites, and a total
      suppression of insulin stimulation of glycogen synthesis. In both species there
      was a biphasic relation between degradation and binding: over the range of
      insulin concentration producing binding mainly to high affinity sites degradation
      increased slowly as binding increased; with higher insulin concentrations and
      saturation of high affinity sites degradation increased rapidly as binding to low
      affinity sites increased. At equal levels of binding, down-regulated cells
      degraded insulin more rapidly than normal cells. It is concluded that: 1) insulin
      bound to sites of low apparent affinity is responsible for the hormone's
      glycogenic effect, 2) down-regulation of human hepatocytes virtually eliminates
      such binding and the glycogenic response and also increases the rate of
      degradation of insulin in relation to the amount bound to high affinity sites, 3)
      human cells are more sensitive than rat cells to down-regulation. It is suggested
      that in human cells the major effects of exposure to insulin are an inhibition of
      insulin internalization and an increase in the rate of degradation of that
      insulin which is internalized; in rat cells the major effects are a decrease in
      cell surface binding and an increased rate of degradation of internalized
      insulin.

PMID- 6360665
TI  - Stimulation with estrogen and progesterone of luteinizing hormone (LH)-releasing
      hormone release from perifused adult female rat hypothalami: correlation with the
      LH surge.
AB  - The effects of estradiol benzoate (EB) and progesterone (P) in vivo and P in
      vitro on LHRH release from perifused preoptic area-medial basal hypothalamus (POA
      MBH) tissue fragments were assessed. In the first series of experiments,
      ovariectomized female rats were given either 10 or 30 micrograms EB on day 0,
      followed by either oil or 5 mg P at 1000 h on day 2. Rats were killed at 2-h
      intervals after P or oil injection, and the POA-MBH from these rats were
      incubated in a perifusion system. LHRH release from the POA-MBH of rats primed
      with either 10 or 30 micrograms EB displayed similar patterns; from a basal rate
      at 1200 and 1400 h, LHRH secretion rose to significantly higher levels at 1600
      and 1800 h. This increase in LHRH release in vitro was evident from the POA-MBH
      obtained just before and during the afternoon LH rise in vivo. On the other hand,
      the LHRH secretion pattern in vitro was different in two ways when rats were
      treated additionally with P. First, LHRH output was significantly higher at 1200
      and 1400 h than that in rats treated with 10 or 30 micrograms EB only; this
      pattern was maintained later at 1600 and 1800 h from the POA-MBH of rats primed
      with 30 micrograms EB. Second, within the EB/P-treated (EBP) group, significant
      elevations in the LHRH output occurred from the POA-MBH obtained at 1800 h when
      rats were in the midst of the LH surge. In the other series of experiments, the
      POA-MBH of the EB-primed rats (30 micrograms/rat) were perifused with P (10
      ng/ml) or vehicle for 6 h. The mean LHRH release during the 6-h interval was
      significantly higher after P perifusion; the bulk of this rise was evident at 4
      h. These studies show that in vitro, the LHRH output of the POA-MBH from the EB-
      or EBP-treated rats varies significantly during the day and that the POA-MBH of
      EB-treated rats secretes large amounts of LHRH in vitro, which correlate well
      with the afternoon LH rise. In addition, treatment with P in vivo changes the in
      vitro pattern of LHRH output from the POA-MBH of these EB-primed rats, whereas
      superfusion of P in vitro induces only a marginal stimulation of LHRH release.

PMID- 6360667
TI  - Stimulation of thyroidal thiol endopeptidases by thyrotropin.
AB  - Rabbit thyroids contain cathepsin D (CD) and several thiol endopeptidases
      including cathepsin B and three newly described enzymes (cathepsins 180K, 110K,
      and 45K). The present paper assesses the relative physiological importance of
      these enzymes in thyroglobulin degradation in rabbits. Thyroidal thiol
      endopeptidase [thiol thyroglobulin hydrolase (thiol TgH)] activity increased in
      the absence of changes in CD activity in animals treated with 10 U bovine TSH.
      Peak enzyme activity occurred 24 h after injection of hormone. After 20 U bovine
      TSH, thiol endopeptidase activity increased by approximately 100%, whereas CD
      increased by 50%. The increase in thiol enzyme activity was attributed both to
      cathepsin B and to the other thiol endopeptidases. The lysosomal acid hydrolases
      acid phosphatase and dipeptidyl peptidase II were unaffected by TSH at either
      dose level. Thiol TgH activity, but not CD activity, was decreased in thyroids of
      rabbits treated with T4 [5 micrograms/(100 g BW X day)] for 1 week. All thyroidal
      acid hydrolases examined were suppressed in animals receiving T4 for 3 weeks.
      Thiol TgH activity was localized primarily to a lysosome-enriched fraction of
      thyroid homogenates. Our results suggest that the thiol proteases probably are
      the most important endopeptidases in thyroglobulin hydrolysis in vivo and that
      their activities are influenced by TSH.

PMID- 6360666
TI  - Effect of dexamethasone on adipose tissue and liver pyruvate dehydrogenase and
      its stimulation by insulin-generated chemical mediator.
AB  - Rats were treated with dexamethasone (50 micrograms/day, sc) for 4 days. Total
      pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and insulin-stimulated PDHa activities were
      decreased in fat pads from dexamethasone-treated rats compared to control values.
      Coincubation experiments with adipocyte mitochondria, plasma membrane, and
      insulin demonstrated decreased stimulation of PDH in preparations from
      dexamethasone-treated rats. The responsiveness of the mitochondrial PDH system to
      insulin and control rat plasma membranes was not different in glucocorticoid
      treated adipocyte preparations compared to controls. Liver mitochondria from
      dexamethasone-treated rats demonstrated decreased basal enzyme activity and a
      decreased percentage of stimulation of PDH when supernatants from insulin-exposed
      liver particulate fractions were tested. These experiments suggest that insulin
      resistance produced by glucocorticoid treatment, like that resulting from fat
      feeding, is accompanied by a decrease in the capacity of adipocyte and liver
      plasma membranes to generate PDH activator in response to insulin.

PMID- 6360668
TI  - Endocrine status versus chronologic age as predictors of altered luteinizing
      hormone secretion in the "aging" rat.
AB  - LH release in response to GnRH injected at 1400 h was measured in young (3-4
      months), middle-aged (10-11 months), and old (19-20 months) female rats. Data
      were compared when animals were grouped by chronological age or according to
      their vaginal smear pattern 3-4 weeks before treatment, i.e. regular 4-day
      cycles, constant vaginal cornification (CVC), or persistently leukocytic smears
      (PL). Compared to young, regularly cycling females (injected on vaginal estrus or
      diestrus II), the amount of LH released by all age groups with CVC or PL smears
      was significantly diminished. However, regardless of age, the amount of LH
      released by CVC females was similar for each dose of GnRH. Similarly, there was
      no difference in the amount of LH released by the young, middle-aged, and old PL
      females at each dose of GnRH. Finally, the amount of LH released by the CVC
      females was uniformly higher than the amount of LH released by age-matched PL
      females. In contrast, comparison of LH release after GnRH injection in young and
      middle-aged rats with regular 4-day vaginal cycles showed that the middle-aged
      rats released significantly less LH on proestrus. These data suggest that changes
      in the ability of the pituitary to release LH in the older noncycling female rat
      occurs as a consequence of the altered endocrine status in the animal and not as
      a result of the chronological age per se. Changes in the ability of the pituitary
      of the middle-aged, regularly cycling female rat to release LH in response to
      GnRH may contribute to the age-related disruption of regular ovarian cycling.

PMID- 6360669
TI  - Immunocytochemical characterization of secretory granule maturation in pancreatic
      A-cells.
AB  - Antigenic sites related to glucagon and glucagon precursors were characterized by
      ultrastructural immunocytochemistry in secretory compartments of the pancreatic A
      cell, namely Golgi cisternae, condensing granules in Golgi cisternae, coated
      immature secretory granules, and noncoated mature secretory granules. The C
      terminal glucagon immunoreactivity was low in all these compartments except in
      the noncoated mature secretory granules. By contrast, N-terminal glucagon and
      glicentin immunoreactivities were high at the condensing granule stage and,
      respectively, increased (N-terminal) or decreased (glicentin) until the mature
      secretory granule stage. These data suggest that: 1) glucagon precursors and
      glucagon coexist at different concentrations in secretory compartments of the A
      cell; 2) the condensing granules in Golgi cisternae and immature granules consist
      predominantly of glucagon precursors; and 3) the removal of the peptide masking
      the C-terminal of the glucagon molecule occurs between the coated and the mature
      granule stages.

PMID- 6360670
TI  - Glucose affects in vitro maturation of fetal rat islets.
AB  - Fetal pancreatic islets (21.5 days old) were cultured in RPMI 1640 containing
      either 2.8 or 11.1 mM glucose for 7 days. After the 7-day culture period, islets
      cultured in 2.8 mM glucose demonstrated a minimal first phase of insulin
      secretion in response to acute glucose stimulation, whereas islets cultured in
      11.1 mM glucose demonstrated a biphasic insulin secretory pattern. Islets
      cultured in 11.1 mM glucose initiated insulin secretion at 4.4 +/- 0.1 mM glucose
      and plateaued at 11.6 mM glucose when exposed to a linear gradient. In addition,
      culture in 11.1 mM glucose increased DNA content (P less than 0.01) and
      [3H]thymidine incorporation (P less than 0.05) in fetal islets. However,
      ultrastructural morphometric analysis indicated that the actual number of beta
      cells within islets cultured in either 2.8 or 11.1 mM glucose did not increase.
      The insulin contents of islets cultured in 2.8 and 11.1 mM glucose were 0.46 +/-
      0.06 and 1.14 +/- 0.10 mU/islet, respectively. During subsequent glucose
      stimulation, islets cultured in 2.8 and 11.1 mM glucose released 3% and 5.6% of
      their total insulin content, respectively. Ultrastructural morphometric analysis
      indicated that 11.1 mM glucose stimulated an increase in the volume of individual
      beta-cells, i.e. hypertrophy. The hypertrophy of beta-cells within islets
      cultured in 11.1 mM glucose resulted in a concomitant increase in islet volume.
      Finally, the hypertrophy of beta-cells within islets cultured in 11.1 mM glucose
      was a result of increased volumes of mitochondria, secretory granules, and, to
      the greatest extent, endoplasmic reticulum. These findings indicate that glucose
      is a potent factor in the maturation of cultured fetal rat islets.

PMID- 6360671
TI  - Role of insulin in the growth of fetal rat tissues.
AB  - The effect of insulin on the growth of fetal rat tissues was investigated using a
      transplant system. Paws from 15-day-old fetal rats were transplanted under the
      kidney capsule of 1-month-old syngeneic hosts, where they grew and differentiated
      normally. After 11 days of incubation, growth of transplants in hosts made
      diabetic by streptozotocin injection was reduced by 37% compared to growth in
      nondiabetic controls, but tissue differentiation and bone formation were normal
      in the absence of insulin. Injections of insulin (2 U, twice daily) into diabetic
      hosts restored paw growth to normal. Growth of transplants in hypophysectomized
      (HX) and in HX-diabetic hosts was reduced to the same degree (i.e. by 65%). Thus,
      the growth decrements produced by host hypophysectomy and diabetes are not
      additive. In contrast to the results with insulin-deficient hosts, the
      transplants failed to differentiate normally in the HX hosts. Injections of
      exogenous insulin (3 U, twice daily) to produce transient hyperinsulinemia failed
      to increase transplant growth in intact hosts over 11 days of incubation. The
      transplants were exposed to frequent periods of hyperglycemia and
      hyperinsulinemia by injecting 0.66 g glucose/100 g BW four times per day into
      intact hosts during 6 days of incubation. This treatment also failed to stimulate
      transplant growth. These results indicate that normal growth of transplanted
      fetal paw tissue is partially dependent on insulin, but whether the insulin acts
      directly or indirectly to support growth is not known. Supranormal insulin levels
      or frequent periods of hyperglycemia with hyperinsulinemia are not capable of
      producing overgrowth of the fetal paws. The HX, diabetic, and HX-diabetic host
      rats did not grow, as judged by tail length increase, and they lost weight.
      Accordingly, the juvenile host tissues have an obligatory dependence on insulin
      and GH for normal growth, but the fetal tissue is only partially dependent,
      because the paw transplants continued to grow in an internal milieu that was
      severely deficient in insulin and/or pituitary hormones. Overall, the results
      indicate that insulin is necessary for normal growth of the skeletal and
      connective tissues of the transplanted paw, but its effects are more growth
      supporting than growth promoting in these tissues.

PMID- 6360672
TI  - Biphasic effects of estrogen on gonadotropin-releasing hormone-induced
      luteinizing hormone release in monolayer cultures of rat and monkey pituitary
      cells.
AB  - The negative feedback effect of estrogen on LH secretion has been difficult to
      demonstrate in monolayer cultures of rat pituitary cells. The purpose of the
      present study was to establish the experimental conditions required for
      manifestation of this response and, in the process, to develop models for
      investigating the actions of steroids on pituitary cells. Both dynamic and static
      incubation systems were used. For perifusion experiments, trypsin-dispersed
      pituitary cells from rats at random stages of the estrous cycle were attached to
      glass coverslips with poly-L-lysine, incubated for 48 h, and then mounted in
      Sykes-Moore chambers. In each of these experiments, two chambers were perifused
      concurrently: one with medium containing 1.8 X 10(-10) M 17 beta-estradiol and
      the other with medium alone. GnRH (4.2 X 10(-9) M) was coinfused for 5 min out of
      every hour, and samples of perifusate were collected as 5-min fractions for assay
      of LH. Estrogen treatment significantly (P less than 0.01) suppressed LH release
      in response to the first five GnRH pulses compared to the control value. The
      inhibition was most pronounced early in the perifusion, but had disappeared by 6
      h. These results demonstrate that estradiol exerts a potent but transient
      inhibition of GnRH-induced LH release in monolayer cultures of rat pituitary
      cells. In a subsequent set of experiments, we modified a static incubation system
      to assess sequentially the biphasic effects of estrogen on LH release by the same
      group of cells. Cultures of rat pituitary cells that had been established 42 h
      previously were treated simultaneously for 3 h with 17 beta-estradiol (3.7 X 10(
      10) M) and various concentrations of GnRH (5 X 10(-10) to 1 X 10(-7) M) to
      measure the inhibitory effects of the steroid on LH secretion. This experiment
      was repeated on the same cells after 27 h of steroid exposure to estimate the
      facilitory actions of estrogen on LH release. The negative feedback of estrogen
      was demonstrable in static cultures of rat pituitaries provided that the period
      of estrogen exposure and duration of incubation were brief. Moreover, the results
      indicate that the same groups of cells can be used on consecutive days to
      investigate the inhibitory and stimulatory effects of estrogen on LH secretion.
      Experiments with cultures of monkey pituitary cells yielded similar results.
      Taken together, these findings indicate that cultured pituitary cells are
      responsive to the biphasic actions of estradiol and demonstrate the utility of
      two model systems for investigating these phenomena.

PMID- 6360673
TI  - Serum LH-RH levels before and after ovarian wedge resection in polycystic ovary
      syndrome.

PMID- 6360674
TI  - Neural regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion in the rat.

PMID- 6360675
TI  - Effects of undernutrition on reproductive function in the human.

PMID- 6360676
TI  - Effects of ethanol on the male hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.

PMID- 6360677
TI  - Toxicity of vinyl chloride and poly(vinyl chloride): a critical review.
AB  - In 1974, vinyl chloride (VC) was first reported in the open scientific literature
      to induce angiosarcoma of the liver both in humans and in animals. Additional
      research has now demonstrated the carcinogenicity of VC to other organs and at
      lower concentrations. The target organs for VC now clearly include the liver,
      brain and the lung, and probably the lymphohematopoietic system. The evidence for
      a carcinogenic risk has been extended to jobs associated with poly(vinyl
      chloride) exposure. Cases of liver angiosarcoma have been reported among
      individuals employed in PVC fabrication facilities and an epidemiological study
      has demonstrated a significant association between exposure to PVC dust and the
      risk of lung cancer mortality. Cases of angiosarcoma of the liver also have been
      reported among individuals living in near proximity to vinyl chloride-poly(vinyl
      chloride) plants. An association between PVC dust and pneumoconiosis also has
      been demonstrated. On the basis of findings, prudent control of PVC dust in the
      industrial setting is indicated.

PMID- 6360678
TI  - Multimeric forms of rat liver glyoxalase II.
AB  - Rat liver glyoxalase II has been purified to homogeneity by a rapid, two-step
      procedure involving affinity chromatography on S-carbobenzoxyglutathione coupled
      to Sepharose 4B. The purified enzyme gives a major band corresponding to 30,000
      daltons (monomer) and a minor band corresponding to 120,000 daltons (tetramer)
      with sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Evidence is given
      for the interconversion of the monomer and tetramer forms of glyoxalase II via
      the dimer and the trimer.

PMID- 6360679
TI  - Hyperinsulinism in infancy and childhood.

PMID- 6360680
TI  - Greater serum GH response to arm than to leg exercise performed at equivalent
      oxygen uptake.
AB  - The aim of this study was to provide information concerning the mechanism of
      exercise-induced stimulation of growth hormone (GH) release in human subjects.
      For this reason serum GH as well as some hemodynamic variables and blood
      concentrations of noradrenaline (NA), insulin (IRI), lactate (LA), glucose (BG),
      and free fatty acids (FFA) were determined in seven healthy male subjects
      exercising on a bicycle ergometer with arms or legs and running on a treadmill at
      equivalent oxygen consumption levels. Significantly greater increases in serum GH
      concentration accompanied arm exercises than those observed during the leg
      exercises. This was accompanied by greater increases in heart rate, blood
      pressure, and plasma NA and blood lactate concentrations. Serum IRI decreased
      during both leg exercises and did not change during the arm exercise. There were
      no differences in BG and plasma FFA concentrations between the three types of
      exercise. The role of humoral and neural signals responsible for the greater GH
      response to arm exercise is discussed. The findings are consistent with the
      hypothesis that neural afferent signals sent by muscle "metabolic receptors"
      participate in the activation of GH release during physical exercise. It seems
      likely that the stimulation of these chemoreceptors is more pronounced when
      smaller muscle groups are engaged at a given work load. However, a contribution
      of efferent impulses derived from the brain motor centres to the control system
      of GH secretion during exercise is also possible.

PMID- 6360681
TI  - Energy metabolism of medium-chain triglycerides versus carbohydrates during
      exercise.
AB  - Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) are known to be rapidly digested and oxidized.
      Their potential value as a source of dietary energy during exercise was compared
      with that of maltodextrins (MD). Twelve subjects exercised for 1 h on a bicycle
      ergometer (60% VO2 max), 1 h after the test meal (1MJ). The metabolism of MCT was
      followed using 1-13C-octanoate (Oc) as tracer and U-13C-glucose (G) was added to
      the 13C-naturally enriched MD. After MCT ingestion no insulin peak was observed
      with some accumulation of ketone bodies (KB), blood levels not exceeding 1 mM.
      Total losses of KB during exercise in urine, sweat and as breath acetone were
      small (less than 0.2 mmol X h-1). Hence, the influence of KB loss and storage on
      gas exchange data was negligible. The partition of fat and carbohydrate
      utilization during exercise as obtained by indirect calorimetry was practically
      the same after the MCT and the CHO meals. Oxidation over the 2-h period was 30%
      of dose for Oc and 45% for G. Glycogen decrements in the Vastus lateralis muscle
      were equal. It appears that with normal carbohydrate stores, a single meal of MCT
      or CHO did not alter the contribution of carbohydrates during 1 h of high
      submaximal exercise. The moderate ketonemia after MCT, despite substantial
      oxidation of this fat, led to no difference in muscle glycogen sparing between
      the diets.

PMID- 6360682
TI  - Purification and molecular properties of mouse alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes.
AB  - Alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes from mouse liver (A2 and B2) and stomach (C2)
      tissues have been purified to homogeneity using triazine-dye affinity
      chromatography. The enzymes are dimers with similar but distinct subunit sizes,
      as determined by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: A, 43000; B, 39000, and
      C, 47000. Zinc analyses and 1,10-phenanthroline inhibition studies indicated that
      the A and C subunits each contained two atoms of zinc, with at least one being
      involved catalytically, whereas the B subunit probably contained a single non
      catalytic zinc atom. The isozymes exhibited widely divergent kinetic
      characteristics. A2 exhibited a Km value for ethanol of 0.15 mM and a broad
      substrate specificity, with Km values decreasing dramatically with an increase in
      chain length; C2 also exhibited this broad specificity for alcohols but showed a
      Km value of 232 mM for ethanol. These isozymes also showed broad substrate
      specificities as aldehyde reductases. In contrast, B2 showed no detectable
      activity as an aldehyde reductase for the aldehydes examined, and used ethanol as
      substrate only at very high concentrations (greater than 0.5 M). The isozyme
      exhibited low Km and high Vmax values, however, with medium-chain alcohols.
      Immunological studies showed that A2 was immunologically distinct from the B2 and
      C2 isozymes. In vitro molecular hybridization studies gave no evidence for
      association between the alcohol dehydrogenase subunits. The results confirm
      genetic analyses [Holmes, Albanese, Whitehead and Duley (1981) J. Exp. Zool. 215,
      151-157] which are consistent with at least three structural genes encoding
      alcohol dehydrogenase in the mouse and confirm the role of the major liver
      isozyme (A2) in ethanol metabolism.

PMID- 6360683
TI  - Chemical structure of the lipid A component of the lipopolysaccharide from a
      Proteus mirabilis Re-mutant.
AB  - The chemical structure of the lipid A component from the lipopolysaccharide of a
      Proteus mirabilis Re-mutant (strain R45) was analysed. It consists of a beta(1-6)
      linked D-glucosamine disaccharide which carries two phosphate groups, one being
      ester-linked to position 4' of the nonreducing glucosaminyl residue and the other
      being bound to the glycosidic hydroxyl group of the reducing glucosaminyl
      residue. The ester-bound phosphate group is quantitatively substituted by a 4
      amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinopyranosyl residue, the glycosidic phosphoryl group appears
      to be unsubstituted. Two available hydroxyl groups of the disaccharadide
      (probably at positions 3 and 3') are acylated by approximately 1 mol each of (R)
      3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoic and (R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid/mol. The
      amino group of the nonreducing glucosaminyl residue carries (R)-3
      tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoic and that of the reducing residue (R)-3
      hydroxytetradecanoic acid. In addition smaller amounts of (R)-3
      hexadecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid are present in amide linkage. The attachment
      site of the oligosaccharide portion to lipid A was also investigated. It was
      found that the hydroxyl group at position 6' of the nonreducing glucosaminyl
      residue carries 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid. This indicates that the
      saccharide portion in this Proteus lipopolysaccharide is linked to lipid A via
      the primary hydroxyl group in position 6'.

PMID- 6360684
TI  - Cell-wall lipopolysaccharide of the urinary-tract-infective Escherichia coli
      04:K12:H-. Structure of the polysaccharide chain.
AB  - The O-specific polysaccharide moiety (04 polysaccharide) of the 04 antigen
      (lipopolysaccharide) from Escherichia coli 04:K12:H- was isolated in pure form by
      degradation of the lipopolysaccharide and chromatography on Sephadex G-50. The
      primary structure of the 04 polysaccharide was elucidated by composition, Smith
      degradation, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, methylation and
      oligosaccharide analysis. Oligosaccharides were obtained by deaminating
      fragmentation of partially and completely de-N-acetylated polysaccharides. The
      polysaccharide consists of repeating units of the pentasaccharide (formula; see
      text) which are joined in the polymer through alpha-1, 4-linkages. The 04
      polysaccharide has a mean molecular mass of 13800 Da and consists of the core
      oligosaccharide and about 14 pentasaccharide repeating units.

PMID- 6360685
TI  - Mode of action towards oligopeptides and proteins of hydrolase H, a high
      molecular-weight aminoendopeptidase from rabbit skeletal muscle.
AB  - The mode of action towards oligopeptides and proteins of hydrolase H purified
      from rabbit skeletal muscle was studied. The presence of protamine or alpha-N
      benzoylarginine p-nitroanilide (an endopeptidase substrate) changed both the Km
      and V values of the enzyme towards Leu-beta-naphthylamide (an aminopeptidase
      substrate). This indicates that the binding site for an endopeptidase substrate
      is different from that for an aminopeptidase substrate. Hydrolase H as an
      aminopeptidase displayed broad specificity. The enzyme hydrolyzed various
      dipeptides readily except the dipeptides containing Pro or an amino acid with a
      hydrophobic beta-branched chain at the NH2 terminus. Pro and Val at the NH2
      terminus of tripeptides were also difficult to release, whereas Ile and Val of
      tetrapeptides were easily released in contrast with those of dipeptides. The
      longer the peptide chain of Glyn (n = 2, 3, 4), the more susceptible was it to
      hydrolase H. Hydrolase H behaved as an endopeptidase only towards protamine among
      the proteins tested. The other proteins, casein, bovine serum albumin,
      myofibrils, troponin, hemoglobin, sarcoplasmic proteins, and myoglobin were
      probably attacked only by the aminopeptidase activity of the enzyme.

PMID- 6360686
TI  - Sequence-specific resonance assignments in the 1H nuclear-magnetic-resonance
      spectrum of the lac repressor DNA-binding domain 1-51 from Escherichia coli by
      two-dimensional spectroscopy.
AB  - The assignment of the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum of the DNA
      binding domain 1-51 of lac repressor from Escherichia coli is described and
      documented. The assignments are based entirely on the amino acid sequence and on
      two-dimensional NMR experiments at 360 MHz and 500 MHz. Individual assignments
      were obtained at 18 degrees C for the backbone protons of 44 out of the total of
      51 amino acids residues, the exceptions being Met-1, Lys-2, Tyr-7, Arg-35, Glu
      36, Lys-37 and Ile-48. Complete assignments of the non-labile hydrogen atoms of
      the side chain were obtained for 33 residues, and for Asn-46 and Asn-50 the delta
      amide protons were also identified. The chemical shifts for the assigned
      resonances at 18 degrees C are listed for an aqueous solution at pH 4.9 and at pH
      6.8.

PMID- 6360687
TI  - Distance measurement by energy transfer. Ribosomal proteins L6, L10 and L11 of
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Ribosomal proteins L6, L11 and the complex [(L12)4 X L10] were labelled
      specifically at their respective single thiol groups, either with the
      acetylaminoethyl-dansyl or with the acetamidofluorescein fluorophore. The
      labelled proteins were then reconstituted, singly or in pairs, into ribosomal 50S
      subunits; the presence of the label had no observable effect on the composition,
      shape or activity of the reconstituted subunits. The distances between the
      labelled thiol groups were measured by a fluorescence energy transfer method
      detailed elsewhere [Epe, B. et al. (1983) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 80, 2579
      2583] and were found to be: for L6-L10, 60 A (6.0 nm); for L6-L11, 46 A (4.6 nm);
      for L10-L11, 56 A (5.6 nm). Reversal of the direction of energy transfer by
      exchanging labels gave duplicate distances which differed, on average, by about
      4%. The distance between the fluorescent labels on L10 and L11 in the [23 S-RNA X
      L10 X L11 X (L12)4] ribonucleoprotein complex was the same as in the 50S subunit,
      but all three distances were greater in 50S subunits which had been reconstituted
      without the final activation step (incubation at 50 degrees C). This suggests a
      tightening of the L6/L10/L11 domain of the 50S subunit during the activation
      step.

PMID- 6360688
TI  - Comparison of short-term efficacy of diltiazem and propranolol in unstable angina
      at rest--a randomized trial in 70 patients.
AB  - The short-term efficacy of diltiazem (D) has been compared to that of propranolol
      (P), in a group of 70 patients hospitalized in the Coronary Care Unit for
      unstable angina, defined as recent (less than one month) appearance or
      aggravation of spontaneous chest pains. Among the 70 patients, 24 had angina only
      at rest. The patients have been divided into two groups according to ST-T changes
      during chest pain: 29 with ST elevation (group A) and 41 with other
      repolarization abnormalities (group B). Treatment was then randomized in each
      group. Treatment Treatment was considered successful only if spontaneous chest
      pains disappeared completely. Thirty-four patients were treated with D (282 +/-
      102 mg/day) and 36 with P (158 +/- 81 mg/day). In the whole group and in groups A
      and B considered individually, responses to D and P did not differ. Among the 24
      patients with angina exclusively at rest, nine successes and four failures were
      observed with D. There was no symptomatic relief among the 11 patients treated by
      P (P = 0.001). Moreover, the number of episodes of angina was decreased by D and
      unchanged by P, while eight out of the 11 failures with P were immediate
      successes when treatment was replaced with D. These results suggest that D is
      preferable to P for management of unstable angina in patients with angina which
      is exclusively spontaneous.

PMID- 6360689
TI  - Long-term effect of beta-blockade with timolol on maximal work capacity following
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - In a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial 74 patients surviving a
      myocardial infarction (MI) were stress tested three and twelve months following
      MI. Thirty-eight patients received the beta blocking agent timolol and 36
      patients received placebo. There was no significant difference in the mean total
      exercise capacity of the two groups. Most of the patients treated with timolol
      discontinued the exercise test because of exhaustion, but the placebo treated
      patients usually stopped the test because of chest pain, exhaustion or a fall in
      blood pressure. Patients treated with timolol had significantly less increase in
      heart rate, systolic blood pressure and rate-pressure product during exercise
      compared to placebo. We conclude that beta-blockade with timolol after MI does
      not affect work capacity, but timolol-treated patients perform the same work with
      a lower rate-pressure product.

PMID- 6360690
TI  - An evaluation of coronary regulation by the 99mTc bolus technique.
AB  - A new non-invasive method for investigating total coronary blood supply is
      presented. This method is based on the principle of indicator dilution of a radio
      nuclide bolus (99Tc), requiring a scintillation camera with high sensitivity and
      high picture resolution. The first findings obtained from 83 patients are shown.
      With 4.61 +/- 1.19% of cardiac output the mean values of the rates of coronary
      perfusion obtained at rest in subjects with a normal heart differed significantly
      from those obtained for patients with certain coronary occlusions (8.18 +/- 3.99%
      of cardiac output) and from those obtained for hypertensive patients (Stages I
      III). Double examinations carried out on 20 patients yielded an adequate
      reproducibility. The mean deviation of the double examinations from one another
      was 16%.

PMID- 6360691
TI  - Cholescintigraphy with 99mTc-diethyl-IDA for the detection of rejection of
      auxiliary liver transplants in pigs.
AB  - In 15 pigs an auxiliary liver was transplanted and cholescintigraphy with 99mTc
      diethyl-IDA was performed to study the function of the livers separately. Serial
      scintigraphy of the recipient and donor liver was performed on days 3, 8 and 18
      after transplantation and time-activity curves over 1 h after injection of the
      radio-tracer were generated for each liver. From these data the time at which the
      maximal activity was present in the liver (Tmax) and the time at which during the
      excretion phase half of this activity was still present in the organ (T1/2) were
      determined. Liver biopsy material from the recipient liver and the donor liver
      was obtained at (approximately) the day of one of the scintigraphic examinations
      and at autopsy. In all cases no histological abnormalities were found in the
      recipient liver. In 4 pigs there were no histological signs of rejection of the
      donor liver, in which cases the values for Tmax and T1/2 were normal. In 11 pigs
      histological signs of rejection were noticed and in all of these cases T1/2 was
      significantly prolonged, whereas no changes in Tmax were observed.
      Cholescintigraphy revealed an abnormal value for T1/2 a few days before the
      biopsy was taken in 10 of these 11 cases. Normal functioning or the prediction of
      rejection of the auxiliary liver transplant in pigs correlated significantly (P
      less than 0.01) with normal or prolonged T1/2 values. It is concluded that
      cholescintigraphy may be helpful in establishing the diagnosis of rejection of
      liver transplants.

PMID- 6360692
TI  - Pharmacokinetic aspects of guanfacine withdrawal syndrome in a hypertensive
      patient with chronic renal failure.
AB  - The unusual observation of a withdrawal syndrome due to guanfacine in a
      hypertensive patient with chronic renal failure led to a study of the kinetics of
      the drug in this patient. The principal pharmacokinetic parameters of guanfacine
      were greatly altered, with extended biotransformation and a decrease in the half
      life compared to the values observed in other cases of severe renal
      insufficiency. Associated treatment with phenobarbital had had a considerable
      effect, as shown by the results of a further kinetic study 2 months after
      withdrawal of the phenobarbital. The findings then were in good agreement with
      reference values which strongly suggests a consequence of the enzyme inducing
      effect of phenobarbital. Advice about the dosage regimen in such cases is given.

PMID- 6360693
TI  - Hypotensive effects of diltiazem to normals and essential hypertensives.
AB  - The hypotensive effect of acute and longterm, intravenous and oral administration
      of the calcium antagonist, diltiazem, was investigated in 8 normotensive
      volunteers and 55 patients with essential hypertension. Diltiazem i.v. infusion
      of 45 mg/h (0.5 mg/min, then 1.0 mg/min, each for 30 min rapidly decreased both
      blood pressure (BP) from 164 +/- 22/98 +/- 8 to 144 +/- 15/86 +/- 9 mmHg (mean +/
      SD) and total peripheral resistance from 32.6 +/- 8.4 to 25.3 +/- 5.4 mmHg/l/min
      (p less than 0.001), and increased stroke volume from 58.2 +/- 9.5 to 64.2 +/-
      8.6 ml/beat (p less than 0.05). It altered neither heart rate nor cardiac output
      in the hypertensives (n = 10). Oral diltiazem 60 mg rapidly decreased BP from 155
      +/- 10/103 +/- 6 to 142 +/- 12/90 +/- 8 mmHg after 3 hours (p less than 0.01/p
      less than 0.001) in hypertensives (n = 8), but not in normotensives (n = 8).
      Diltiazem 90 mg p.o. decreased BP from 157 +/- 15/102 +/- 9 to 129 +/- 13/83 +/-
      8 mmHg (p less than 0.01) in hypertensives (n = 15), and reduced the heart rate
      from 71 +/- 8 to 65 +/- 8 beats/min (p less than 0.01). The drug did not change
      plasma renin activity either in normotensives or hypertensives. The fall in
      diastolic BP was correlated with the plasma diltiazem concentration (r = 0.910, n
      = 6, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6360694
TI  - Effects of ketocyclazocine and ethylketocyclazocine on electric shock titration.
AB  - The effects of two putative kappa agonists, ketocyclazocine and
      ethylketocyclazocine, on electric shock titration in squirrel monkeys were
      determined. Drugs were tested alone, in combination with naloxone and following
      the development of morphine tolerance. Both ketocyclazocine and
      ethylketocyclazocine produced biphasic dose-effect curves. Low doses decreased
      whereas high doses increased the intensity at which monkeys maintained the shock.
      Naloxone antagonized the effects of ketocyclazocine and ethylketocyclazocine;
      however, the dose of naloxone required to antagonize their effects was much
      larger than the dose required to antagonize equivalent effects of morphine. When
      the effects of ethylketocyclazocine were redetermined in monkeys tolerant to
      morphine, the ethylketocyclazocine dose-effect curve was shifted to the left
      whereas the morphine curve was shifted to the right. It was concluded that the
      effects of the kappa agonists can be differentiated from morphine by the shape of
      their dose-effect curve, the ease with which they are antagonized by naloxone and
      the lack of cross tolerance to morphine.

PMID- 6360695
TI  - Renin-angiotensin system and prostacyclin biosynthesis in streptozotocin diabetic
      rats.
AB  - The relationship between the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and prostacyclin
      (PGI2) biosynthesis was studied in experimental diabetic rats. The group with
      diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ, 3.3 mmol/kg i.v.) showed prolonged
      hypertension, and plasma renin activity decreased markedly from 8.4 +/- 0.7 to
      2.4 +/- 0.3 and 1.2 +/- 0.3 ng angiotensin I/ml per h at 2 and 8 weeks after STZ
      treatment. Plasma PGI2, determined as 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, decreased significantly
      at 8 weeks, with the values for the STZ-treated and control groups being 1490 +/-
      99 and 2210 +/- 90 pg/ml, respectively. Significant suppression of renin release
      from renal cortical slices was observed at 8 weeks in the diabetic group,
      although no significant change was found in the renal renin content when compared
      with that of the controls. The release of PGI2 from the renal medullary slices of
      the diabetic group was suppressed at 2 and 8 weeks, with the suppression in aorta
      and renal cortical slices being apparent only at 8 weeks. These results indicate
      that suppression of the RAS may be related to PGI2 biosynthesis in diabetes
      mellitus.

PMID- 6360696
TI  - Enkephalinase 'A' inhibition by thiorphan: central and peripheral cardiovascular
      effects.
AB  - On the basis of the distribution of enkephalins within the central and peripheral
      nervous systems as well as on responses to their administration, it has been
      suggested that these peptides participate in the regulation of the circulation.
      The present series of experiments examined the effects of thiorphan, an inhibitor
      of enkephalinase A, on cardiovascular responses to intracerebroventricular
      (i.c.v.) administration of [D-Ala2,Met5]enkephalin (DAME) and its amide and on
      peripheral interactions with the sympathetic nervous system and vasoactive
      peptides. Thiorphan (30 micrograms i.c.v.) potentiated the pressor response to
      i.c.v. DAME and DAMEamide in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. Responses
      to i.c.v. angiotensin I (AI) were unaffected suggesting lack of inhibition of
      central angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Peripheral administration of
      relatively large doses of thiorphan (30 and 100 mg/kg s.c.) attenuated the
      pressor response to i.v. AI by 30-40% and enhanced the depressor effect of i.v.
      bradykinin in anesthetized normotensive rats indicating inhibition of peripheral
      ACE. Pressor and tachycardic responses to activation of spinal sympathetic
      outflow were not altered by thiorphan in pithed normotensive rats. Thiorphan
      itself did not affect baseline blood pressure or heart rate in any of these
      experiments. In conclusion, inhibition of central enkephalinase A by i.c.v.
      administration of thiorphan potentiates the pressor response to i.c.v. DAME. The
      compound inhibits peripheral ACE but has little direct cardiovascular activity in
      its own right.

PMID- 6360697
TI  - Effects of propranolol on induced water intake and on the subfornical organ
      surface.
AB  - The chronic effect of propranolol on induced water intake and on the subfornical
      organ was studied. Propranolol reduced water intake postdehydration. It did not
      inhibit the increase in plasma renin activity due to dehydration or the
      dipsogenic response to angiotensin II. Propranolol decreased the subfornical
      organ large protrusion cells. This result suggests that propranolol impairs the
      thirst not related to angiotensin II. The subfornical organ changes may indicate
      that propranolol blocks a beta-adrenergic system originating in ependymal cells.

PMID- 6360698
TI  - Acute effects of maternal stress on fetal blood catecholamines and hypothalamic
      LH-RH content.
AB  - The acute effects of maternal stress (restraint for 20 to 140 min) on the plasma
      levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine in pregnant rats and their
      fetuses as well as on the catecholamine content of fetal adrenals and the LH-RH
      content of fetal hypothalami, were investigated at day 22 of gestation. Despite
      of a relatively moderate increase of maternal plasma catecholamines a significant
      increase of norepinephrine (p less than 0.05) and dopamine (p less than 0.05)
      levels in plasma of the fetuses 30 min after starting maternal stress was
      observed. The fetal blood concentrations of catecholamines before and during
      maternal stress were significantly higher than those of the mothers (p less than
      0.05 to p less than 0.001). A gradual decrease of the fetal adrenal content of
      epinephrine and norepinephrine was found, whereas an unchanged content of
      dopamine of fetal adrenals was registered during maternal restraining. The LH-RH
      content of fetal hypothalami rose significantly (p less than 0.005) 60 min after
      starting maternal stress and returned to initial values 140 min after starting
      restraining.

PMID- 6360699
TI  - Effect of pretreatment with hydrocortisone on insulin secretory response to
      catecholamines in isolated islets from rats fed with a high fat diet.
AB  - Islets isolated from rats fed with a high fat diet for 7 days were pretreated
      with hydrocortisone, and in the treated-islets the effect of glucose, epinephrine
      and dopamine on insulin secretion was examined. Glucose-stimulated insulin
      secretion in the untreated islets was not changed by the fat diet. Insulin
      secretion stimulated by hydrocortisone (10(-6)M) in the presence of 2.8 mM
      glucose was twice higher in the control diet group than in the fat diet group.
      Pretreatment of the islets with hydrocortisone did not affect glucose-stimulated
      insulin secretion in the control diet group but remarkably reduced that in the
      fat diet group. Although the fat diet attenuated the inhibitory effect of
      catecholamines on insulin secretory response to glucose, pretreatment of the
      islets with hydrocortisone caused to restore the effect of catecholamines,
      especially at a low concentration. These results indicate that the combined
      action of a high fat diet and glucocorticoids may induce modification of alpha
      adrenergic receptors in the B-cell.

PMID- 6360700
TI  - [Quantification of the differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome using
      computers].
AB  - The possibility to separate 11 patients with anatomically and histologically
      proven Cushing's syndrome from those 23 with Cushing's syndrome imitating obesity
      on the basis of 2 anamnestical, 10 physical and 8 basic laboratory and
      instrumental examinations was studied with the aid of a pattern recognition
      procedure by computer. Both groups were well distinguished one from another. The
      sensitivity of Cushing's diagnosis was 73%, its specificity 100% and effectivity
      91%. The most important sign appeared the muscle hypotrophy of the proximal limb
      girdle.

PMID- 6360701
TI  - Mediators and reflex bronchoconstriction.
AB  - Reflex bronchoconstriction can be induced by mechanical and chemical stimuli to
      the respiratory tract, especially from the larynx down to the larger
      intrapulmonary airways. The pathways for these reflexes have been analysed in
      experimental animals. The afferent nerves include fibres from rapidly adapting
      ("irritant") receptors in and under the epithelium of the airways, and those from
      "C-fibre" receptors in the tracheobronchial tree and possible alveoli. Many of
      the mediators thought to be released in lung antigen antibody reactions and
      airway tissue damage can be shown to activate these groups of sensory receptors:
      the mediators include prostaglandins, bradykinin, histamine and 5
      hydroxytryptamine. Both the irritant and the C-fibre receptors have been shown to
      cause reflex bronchoconstriction, as well as other reflex motor actions that
      influence the diameter of the respiratory tract, such as mucus secretion and
      laryngeal constriction. They are also responsible for respiratory changes,
      including coughing. Mediators which are released in bronchial asthma are
      potential agents in setting up reflex bronchoconstriction. In man the evidence
      for such a reflex depends primarily on the inhibitory efficiency of atropinic
      drugs in some forms of asthma. Such evidence cannot be completely unequivocal
      but, taken with the analogy with animal experiments, there seems to be a prima
      facie case for reflex bronchoconstriction as one component of the total pattern
      of an asthma attack.

PMID- 6360702
TI  - Mediators and non-specific bronchial hyperreactivity.
AB  - Bronchial hyperreactivity is a major if not an essential characteristic of
      bronchial asthma. The relation between mediators and non-specific bronchial
      reactivity is an essential question in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. This
      is reflected in the different hypotheses on pathogenesis. The bronchial reaction
      to mediators is determined by the pre-existing degree of non specific bronchial
      reactivity. Bronchial reactivity to histamine or prostaglandin F2 alfa is related
      to the bronchial metacholine-reactivity. The bronchial lability to exercise or
      cold air and the immediate bronchoconstriction after allergen inhalation are also
      determined by the non specific bronchial reactivity. On the other hand, several
      observations support the concept that mediators modify the non specific bronchial
      reactivity. The non specific bronchial reactivity increases during the pollen
      season. Disodiumcromoglycate, a known inhibitor of mediator release, prevents the
      seasonal increase in bronchial reactivity. The increased bronchial reactivity in
      patients with allergic rhinitis may also be related to local mediator release.
      Exposure to ozone and viral upper respiratory tract infections enhance the
      bronchial reactivity. Avoidance of house dust mite exposure in mite sensitive
      asthmatics decreases the bronchial reactivity. The same observation has been made
      after withdrawal from occupational exposure. In experimentally induced asthma,
      the late asthmatic reaction after allergen inhalation is followed by an increase
      in nonspecific bronchial reactivity. Mediator release may enhance non specific
      bronchial reactivity in several ways. Increase of mucosal permeability,
      modification of sensory nerve endings, alteration of the efferent vagal motor
      pathway, enhancement of the effect of other mediators, influx of secondary cells,
      modification of cell receptors and changes in smooth muscle contractility have
      all been suggested. Mediator release and non specific bronchial reactivity thus
      appear to be interrelated characteristics of bronchial asthma. Individual
      differences in the clinical importance of the two characteristics may have
      therapeutic significance.

PMID- 6360703
TI  - Pretreatment of exercise-induced asthma with sequential inhalations of fenoterol
      as aerosol and as powder (first of two parts).
AB  - Fifteen adult asthmatics participated in a controlled open randomized study to
      compare the efficacy on exercise-induced asthma of pretreatment with 1 mg
      fenoterol administered as inhalation powder and from a pressurized aerosol. Both
      types of treatment were inhalations of 5 single doses of 0.2 mg fenoterol over a
      period of 10 minutes. A run of 6 minutes was carried out on a treadmill in a
      climate chamber 30 minutes after the beginning of the pretreatment, at the same
      time of day on three days. After pretreatment with the pressurized aerosol a fall
      was seen in peak expiratory flow of 28% (+/- 5%, SEM) and after pretreatment with
      inhalation powder the fall was 18% (+/- 4%). This is a statistically significant
      difference (p less than 0.01).

PMID- 6360704
TI  - Double-blind pretreatment of exercise-induced asthma with sequential inhalations
      of fenoterol from an aerosol and as a powder (second of two parts).
AB  - Eighteen adult asthmatics participated in a placebo controlled, double-blind,
      randomised study comparing the efficacy of pretreatment with fenoterol
      administered by pressurized aerosol and as a dry powder on exercise-induced
      asthma. The dosages used were 0.6 mg and 1.0 mg as both pressurized aerosol and
      dry powder. The pretreatment was given over a period of 10 min. Six min of
      treadmill-running was performed in a climate chamber 30 min after pretreatment on
      five successive days. The lung function was assessed by peak expiratory rate. The
      decrease in lung function following pretreatment with placebo was 32% (average +/
      (SEM) (2). Falls of 9% (2) and 8% (1) were seen after pretreatment with 0.6 and
      1.0 mg from a pressurized aerosol. The falls following pretreatment with 0.6 and
      1.0 mg of dry powder were 8% (2) and 8%, respectively. It is concluded that
      pretreatment of exercise-induced asthma with a beta-2-agonist is equally
      effective whether dosed from a pressurized aerosol as when given as a dry powder.
      A dose of 0.6 mg is just as effective as a dose of 1.0 mg when inhaled over a
      period of ten min.

PMID- 6360705
TI  - Crystallized hemoglobin in Rhodnius prolixus after a blood meal on guinea-pig.
AB  - Several blood-sucking arthropods, after a blood meal, are able to store the
      hemoglobin from their hosts in a crystalline state in their digestive system.
      Guinea-pig hemoglobin crystallizes in the stomach of the reduviid bug Rhodnius
      prolixus in two different crystal types. We show them to be crystallographically
      identical and to contain the same liganded state of hemoglobin, i.e. they
      represent different habits of the same crystal modification. The hemoglobin
      crystallizes in oxy-form and ages in the crystalline state, first to
      aquomethemoglobin and subsequently to hemichrome without crystal cracking. The
      rate of aging appears to be the same for both types. The hemoglobin crystal
      modification observed in the digestive system of Rhodnius prolixus is highly host
      but not parasite- specific. The same modification is also observed in vitro and
      in Ornithodorus moubata, an arachnid whose digestive system differs considerably
      from that of the insect Rhodnius. The retainment period of the crystals
      represents a long term host-record of possible medical interest.

PMID- 6360706
TI  - Effect of lectins from leguminous seeds on rat duodenal enterokinase activity.
AB  - Enterokinase activity from rat duodenal brush borders was assayed in vitro in the
      presence of purified lectins from 3 leguminous seeds. Noncompetitive inhibition
      of the enzyme was observed in each case. Phaseolus hemagglutinin was the most
      potent inhibitor among the 3 lectins tested.

PMID- 6360707
TI  - Babesial antigens in a saline eluate of sucrose washed bovine erythrocytes
      infected with Babesia bovis.
AB  - A saline eluate from sucrose washed bovine erythrocytes infected with Babesia
      bovis contains at least 4 babesial antigens. The antigens are located not only in
      the parasite but also in the internal matrix of the infected erythrocyte.

PMID- 6360708
TI  - [Microbiological method of determining cyanocobalamin in tissues and finished
      drugs made from animal raw materials].
AB  - An assay for cyanocobalamin with the use of the test microorganism E. coli,
      mutant ATCC 9637, is offered. The measurement of the content of cyanocobalamin in
      the blood serum and liver of intact rats after intraperitoneal drug injection
      demonstrated its content to reach a maximum 30 minutes after injection and to
      depend on the dose. When given in doses 100 and 400 micrograms/kg, the drug dose
      in the serum amounted to 82 and 261 ng/g, respectively, and in the liver to 80
      and 259 ng/g. The method is readily reproducible, does not require the observance
      of strict aseptics, it is economical and time-saving.

PMID- 6360709
TI  - Synthesis and biological activity of some di(nitrothienyl)- and
      di(acetylaminothienyl)sulfones.
AB  - Some new di(nitrothienyl)- and di(acetylaminothienyl)sulfones were synthesized.
      Compounds (I)-(VI) were active against several Gram-positive bacteria, in vitro.
      Di(5-acetylamino-2-thienyl)sulfone (VII) showed a mild antimalarial activity
      against a drug-sensitive strain of P. berghei in mice.

PMID- 6360710
TI  - A conjugate of the A1 peptide of cholera toxin and the lectin of Wisteria
      floribunda that activates the adenylate cyclase of intact cells.
AB  - The active A1 peptide of cholera toxin was linked by a disulphide bond to the
      lectin of Wisteria floribunda. The resulting conjugate activated the adenylate
      cyclase of intact U937 or K562 cells at the same concentrations as native toxin
      did, but to a greater extent. Activation was inhibited by N-acetyl-D
      galactosamine or by antisera to the lectin or peptide. The characteristic lag
      phase between addition of toxin to cells and activation of cyclase was not found
      with the conjugate or with free A1 peptide.

PMID- 6360711
TI  - The lactose carrier of Escherichia coli functionally incorporated in
      Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides obeys the regulatory conditions of the phototrophic
      bacterium.
AB  - Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides was provided with the ability to transport lactose
      via conjugation with a strain of Escherichia coli bearing a plasmid containing
      the lactose operon (including the lac Y gene, coding for the lactose carrier or M
      protein) and subsequent expression of the lac operon in Rps. sphaeroides (Nano,
      F.E. and Kaplan, S. submitted). The initial rate of lactose transport in Rps.
      sphaeroides was studied as a function of the light intensity and the magnitude of
      the proton-motive force. The results demonstrate that lactose transport is
      regulated by the rate of cyclic electron transfer in the same way as the
      endogenous transport systems.

PMID- 6360712
TI  - Study of the binding of jatrophone to Escherichia coli s-ribonucleic acid.
AB  - The interaction of jatrophone with sRNA from Escherichia coli has been
      investigated through UV, CD, and 1H NMR measurements. The results obtained show
      that the interaction with jatrophone increases the stability of the
      polynucleotide. It appears that the optical properties of jatrophone depend upon
      the jatrophone/nucleotide ratio. The observed behaviour can only be explained by
      the existence of different types of interaction between jatrophone and sRNA. Even
      for a jatrophone/nucleotide ratio as low as 0.17 the 1H NMR spectra show a
      multiplicity of resonances that can only be explained by the simultaneous
      existence of two different binding modes involving the jatrophone molecules.

PMID- 6360713
TI  - The accuracy of poly(U) translation by different eukaryotic tRNAs.
AB  - In this work we present comparative data on rates of phenylalanine and leucine
      incorporation into the poly(U) dependent product of cell-free translation by
      different eukaryotic tRNAs at high Mg2+ concentration. The frequency of
      translation errors has been found to depend upon the value of the tRNAPhe:tRNALeu
      ratio and the peculiarities of isoacceptor tRNAsLeu of different origin.

PMID- 6360714
TI  - Hepatocyte DNA replication: effect of nutrients and intermediary metabolites.
AB  - Isolated adult rat liver parenchymal cells maintained in serum-free medium are
      stimulated by insulin and epidermal growth factor (EGF) to undergo DNA synthesis.
      Pyruvate, lactate, and, to a lesser extent, several other intermediary
      metabolites strikingly enhance DNA synthesis both under serum-free culture
      conditions and in the presence of dialyzed rat serum. High concentrations (2-50
      mM) of these low-molecular-weight metabolites are necessary to produce optimal
      stimulation. Both alanine (greater than 2 mM) and glutamine (greater than 4 mM)
      are inhibitory under similar conditions. Glucose, although not required for
      hepatocyte maintenance or stimulation in the presence of insulin and EGF, acts
      synergistically with pyruvate to enhance DNA synthesis in a complete mixture.

PMID- 6360715
TI  - Periventricular forebrain mechanisms for blood pressure regulation.
AB  - Periventricular forebrain regions participate in body fluid and cardiovascular
      regulatory mechanisms that are intimately related to neural participation in
      experimental hypertension. Ablation of preoptic-hypothalamic periventricular
      tissue surrounding the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) disrupts both
      angiotensin (AngII) and sodium regulatory mechanisms and prevents experimental
      hypertension in either renin-dependent or -independent models. When AV3V is
      spared, and central AngII pressor mechanisms are interrupted by subfornical organ
      ablation or anterior hypothalamic knife cuts, renin-dependent but not renin
      independent models of hypertension are prevented. Volume-expanded models of
      hypertension may be mediated by a natriuretic hormone that also inhibits the
      sodium-potassium pump in vascular smooth muscle, resulting in increased
      vasoconstriction. Volume expansion-induced release of this humoral ATPase
      inhibitor is attenuated in rats with AV3V lesions. In the renin-independent,
      reduced renal mass model, development of hypertension is correlated with
      increased plasma levels of sodium-potassium pump inhibitor. AV3V ablation blocks
      both the hypertension and the increase in humoral ATPase inhibitor. Thus, Thus,
      central angiotensin pressor and natriuretic mechanisms overlap in AV3V, and
      prevention of renin-dependent and volume-dependent models of experimental
      hypertension by AV3V ablation appears linked to disruption of these functionally
      separable systems.

PMID- 6360716
TI  - Regional vascular behavior in the gastrointestinal wall.

PMID- 6360717
TI  - [Toward a communist relationship to health and work].

PMID- 6360718
TI  - [History of obstetrics in Russia at the end of the 18th-beginning of the 19th
      centuries].

PMID- 6360719
TI  - A prospective multicentre trial of the ovulation method of natural family
      planning. III. Characteristics of the menstrual cycle and of the fertile phase.
AB  - Seven hundred twenty-five women of proven fertility recorded the presence of
      cervical mucus at the vulva in 7514 menstrual cycles. The mean cycle length of
      the 6472 "normal" cycles was 28.5 days (standard deviation +/- 3.18). The peak
      day of mucus discharge was the last day of slippery, raw-egg-white-like mucus and
      occurred on average on day 15 (+/- 2.6). The fertile period was defined as any
      day on which mucus was reported before the peak day until 3 days after the peak.
      Its mean length was 9.6 (+/- 2.6) days. The probability of pregnancy was maximal
      on the peak day and declined on the days before and after the peak.

PMID- 6360720
TI  - [Salivary tests (Lactobacillus, Candida count) and caries studies in
      institutionalized children].

PMID- 6360721
TI  - Basic dental sciences: a review of the literature (1977-1982). Part II.

PMID- 6360722
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy in clinical dental research. Observation of die
      spaced and non-die-spaced cast gold margins before and after cementation.

PMID- 6360723
TI  - Joe Comito: model and mentor to many.

PMID- 6360724
TI  - In the beginning (Edna Stowe Thomas).

PMID- 6360725
TI  - Biologic considerations in the selection and use of restorative materials.
AB  - In this article the defense mechanisms of the pulp and pulp reactions to injury
      were briefly reviewed. Iatrogenic pulp injury was emphasized and guidelines for
      prevention of such injury were provided. These could be summarized as follows:
      Never cut dry. Always use a water coolant to prevent heat generation and
      desiccation of dentin. Use a protective base or liner with materials that are
      known to be irritating to the pulp (groups II and III) regardless of cavity
      depth. Use a protective base in all deep cavities where the possibility of a
      microscopic exposure of the pulp exists, regardless of the nature of the material
      to be used for restoration.

PMID- 6360726
TI  - Management of discolored teeth.

PMID- 6360727
TI  - Porcelain laminate veneers bonded to etched enamel.

PMID- 6360728
TI  - The amalgam restoration.

PMID- 6360729
TI  - Dental restorative resins. Types and characteristics.

PMID- 6360730
TI  - Esthetic considerations in the selection and use of restorative materials.

PMID- 6360731
TI  - Alternative dental casting alloys.
AB  - The diversity of alloys available to the dental practitioner has never been more
      extensive. We now have the opportunity to select alloys based on the individual
      patient's specific biologic, functional, and economic requirements. There is no
      one alloy suitable for all applications, because in metallurgy there is a
      constant trade-off in properties as changes in formulations are made. To make
      optimal use of the choices available, and for ethical and medicolegal
      considerations, it is incumbent upon the practitioner to be aware of the identity
      and composition of the alloys prescribed.

PMID- 6360732
TI  - The metal-ceramic restoration.

PMID- 6360733
TI  - Dental cements. Current status and future prospects.

PMID- 6360735
TI  - The Gnathomat/SR Ivocap technic for full dentures.

PMID- 6360734
TI  - New materials and techniques in prosthodontics.
AB  - In looking back over the past few years, dentistry has seen many changes. The
      newer methods and materials in complete denture prosthodontics, and the update on
      dental materials has been exciting. The development of many good disposable
      products is in keeping with other technologic advancements. Unlike aerospace and
      industry, dentistry has not yet entered the computer age. However, that day is
      not far off. With the newer materials used in the multiphases of prosthodontics,
      the astute practitioner can become acquainted with time-saving, clinically
      orientated dental materials, and new products. The clinician's appreciation of a
      particular product is based on individual reaction to the disposable qualities,
      the cost factors, the ease of handling, and the end product. The advantages of
      time-saving methods are crucial to office overhead today. This article has
      covered various phases of removable complete dentures, dental materials, and
      products that are appropriate to those procedures. No particular product or
      procedure has been specifically recommended. Instead, I have introduced products
      that I have used and enjoyed. Not all products can be studied and reported, so if
      certain materials are not mentioned, it is because not enough time was available
      to pursue every new product or procedure offered to the disciplines of dentistry.

PMID- 6360736
TI  - The art of dental ceramic sculpturing.

PMID- 6360738
TI  - Developments in the vacuum casting of dental alloys.

PMID- 6360737
TI  - The use of acrylic stains to retain shade harmony in dentures.

PMID- 6360739
TI  - Tromantadine hydrochloride in the treatment of herpes simplex. Results of a
      double-blind therapeutic trial and an open prophylactic investigation.
AB  - In a randomised, double-blind trial on 20 patients with herpes simplex,
      tromantadine hydrochloride (TH) ointment had a significant therapeutic effect. No
      side effects were observed. 12 lesions were treated with the active drug and 13
      with placebo. In an open study on 19 patients with recurrent herpes simplex, the
      prophylactic effect of the drug was good in most patients. During long-term
      treatment, 2 patients developed eczematous lesions. It is concluded that TH is a
      valuable topical agent for the treatment of herpes simplex.

PMID- 6360740
TI  - A systematic approach to planning bridges.

PMID- 6360741
TI  - An update on denture fixatives.

PMID- 6360742
TI  - Residual B-cell function in insulin dependent (Type 1) and non insulin-dependent
      (Type 2) diabetics (relationship between 24-hour C-peptide excretion and the
      clinical features of diabetes).
AB  - Residual B-cell function was studied by measuring 24-hour C-peptide excretion in
      the urine of 73 Type 1 and 63 Type 2 (28 orally-controlled and 35 insulin
      treated) diabetics. Urine C-peptide excretion correlated highly significantly
      with serum C-peptide concentrations in both the control (r = 0.74, P less than
      0.01) and the three diabetic groups (r = 0.89, r = 0.74 and r = 0.89
      respectively, P less than 0.001 for all). C-peptide in urine was measurable in 31
      of 73 Type 1 diabetics (42%). The earlier the onset and the longer the duration
      of diabetes, the lower was the proportion of patients with detectable B-cell rest
      secretion. Preserved residual B-cell function was inversely correlated with the
      degree of metabolic lability. A significant inverse correlation was also found in
      this group between 24-hour C-peptide excretion and daily insulin demand (r =
      0.78, P less than 0.001). Twenty-nine of the 35 insulin-treated Type 2 diabetics
      had secondary failure to sulfonylureas and were treated with insulin at the time
      of the study. Although their daily C-peptide excretion (6.11 +/- 3.71 nmol/24 h)
      was significantly lower than either the control value (11.30 +/- 0.94 nmol/1, P
      less than 0.001) or that of orally controlled patients (9.28 +/- 6.16 nmol/l, P
      less than 0.05) all patients had urine C-peptide concentration in the measurable
      range. The development of secondary failure to sulfonylureas does not therefore
      imply complete exhaustion of pancreatic B-cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6360743
TI  - Regulation of ketonaemia in hyperthyroidism: study of the role of free fatty
      acids.
AB  - We have indirectly assessed the role of free fatty acids (FFA) and of hepatic
      ketogenesis in the regulation of ketone body levels in euthyroid and hyperthyroid
      subjects. All studies were performed under controlled dietary conditions (35 and
      45 kcal/kg body weight/day respectively for euthyroid and hyperthyroid subjects).
      In the post-absorptive state hyperthyroid patients had normal, glucagon levels
      and, in spite of increased insulinemia (p less than 0.02), elevated
      concentrations of blood glucose (p less than 0.01), glycerol (p less than 0.001)
      and ketone bodies (p less than 0.05). In the face of this hyperketonaemia, there
      was no significant increase of plasma FFA, suggesting possible increased hepatic
      conversion of FFA to ketone bodies. However, when FFA were acutely raised to high
      levels, the induced rise of ketone bodies was similar in hyperthyroid and
      euthyroid subjects. Oral propranolol administration to hyperthyroid patients in
      the post-absorptive state decreased the concentrations of glycerol (p less than
      0.05) and ketone bodies (p less than 0.05) without altering insulin
      concentrations. Ketone bodies fell without any significant decrease of FFA
      suggesting a possible direct effect of propranolol administration on hepatic
      ketogenesis. However, the ketone body response to raised FFA levels was
      unaffected by propranolol. We have evidence in hyperthyroid patients of increased
      lipolysis and ketogenesis in spite of increased daily caloric intake. These
      results suggest that these metabolic abnormalities are not merely due to relative
      starvation. We have tentative evidence for modification of the intra-hepatic
      conversion of FFA to ketone bodies in the post-absorptive state but no supporting
      evidence when FFA levels were experimentally raised.

PMID- 6360744
TI  - Characterization of the interaction between beta 2-glycoprotein I and
      mitochondria, platelets, liposomes and bile acids.
AB  - Several different binding mechanisms appear to be involved in the binding of beta
      2-glycoprotein I to biological membranes. One of these mechanisms is a
      hydrophilic interaction between negatively-charged phospholipids in the membrane
      and histidine residues in beta 2-glycoprotein I. This mechanism seems to be
      involved in binding of the protein to mitochondria but not to platelets. Another
      mechanism may involve a site on beta 2-glycoprotein I, which binds to the steroid
      ring system particularly to such steroids not having a 7-hydroxy group. This type
      of binding may be involved in the interaction between beta 2-glycoprotein I and
      platelets as well as mitochondria.

PMID- 6360745
TI  - Enzymatic and metabolic responses to affluent diet of two diabetes-prone species
      of spiny mice: Acomys cahirinus and Acomys russatus.
AB  - The adaptive responses to sucrose and fat diets were investigated in two species
      of spiny mice, Acomys russatus and Acomys cahirinus, in relation to their
      propensity to develop diabetic-like symptoms. A russatus gained weight
      pronouncedly, both on regular and fat-rich seed diet, did not exhibit
      hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia but had highly increased hepatic triglyceride
      content in association with high levels of circulating free fatty acids and
      incidence of ketonuria in 10 of 41 animals. On the other hand, A. cahirinus
      exhibited a moderate weight gain on the fat diet which was accompanied by
      hyperglycemia but no hyperlipidemia or ketonuria. Neither weight gain nor
      ketonuria were evident in A. russatus and A. cahirinus on the sucrose-rich diet,
      but there was hyperlipidemia in the latter species. A. cahirinus, in particular,
      showed many-fold induction of liver enzymes, of regulatory importance in the
      pathways of glycolysis and lipogenesis, which could be linked to the
      hyperlipidemia in this species. On the fat diet there was a smaller increase in
      activity in enzymes related to gluconeogenesis in A. russatus compared with A.
      cahirinus, as well as a smaller suppression of glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes.
      Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity rose in response to the fat-rich diet,
      more markedly in A. russatus than A. cahirinus in correlation to the more marked
      weight gain and hyperinsulinemia in this species. The affluent diets, especially
      sucrose, elicited an increase in circulating triiodothyronine levels which was
      more pronounced in A. cahirinus than in A. russatus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6360746
TI  - Lormetazepam (Loramet): a multicentre assessment of its efficacy and
      acceptability as a hypnotic in out-patients with sleep disturbances.
AB  - In an open, multicentre study, the short-acting benzodiazepine hypnotic
      lormetazepam (Loramet) was administered nightly (1-2 mg p.o.) for a period of 7
      nights to 665 out-patients with various types of sleep disturbances. The patients
      assessed the efficacy and acceptability of lormetazepam with the aid of a simple
      diary card and a set of visual analogue scales. The results showed that about 75%
      of the patients reported a significant improvement in their sleep pattern. The
      time to onset of sleep was decreased, the number of nocturnal wakings was reduced
      and the patients reported waking in the morning more refreshed and co-ordinated.
      The effects were significant after the first night and there were further
      significant improvements by the seventh night on the drug. In patients who had
      prior experience of other hypnotics, twice as many preferred lormetazepam to
      temazepam and three times as many preferred lormetazepam to nitrazepam. Nine
      patients withdrew from the study due to lack of efficacy and only fifteen
      patients dropped out following the occurrence of side-effects, mainly drowsiness
      and light-headedness. It was concluded that lormetazepam is an effective and
      highly acceptable hypnotic in patients with sleep disturbances.

PMID- 6360747
TI  - The acceptability of a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic (Zopiclone) in general
      practice.
AB  - The hypnotic effects of Zopiclone, a novel cyclopyrrolone derivative, were
      compared with placebo in a double-blind randomized crossover study in insomniac
      patients. Subjective morning assessments by the patients showed that Zopiclone
      7.5 mg improved the quality of sleep, with a reduction in the sleep onset latency
      and the number of nocturnal awakenings. Zopiclone was judged by the physicians to
      be superior to placebo and was preferred by the patients. Subjective residual
      effects and adverse reactions were minimal.

PMID- 6360748
TI  - Flunitrazepam: acute benefit-risk assessment in general practice.
AB  - A methodology is described which is practical in assessing the benefit-risk ratio
      of a single new drug prior to marketing. Flunitrazepam at doses of 0.5 mg, 1.0 mg
      (and 2 mg) nocte in 2,435 patients is shown to be effective in 78% of patients
      and the acute risk, predictable and low, irrespective of age or dose. One may
      conclude that the acute benefit-risk ratio is acceptable with respect to the
      class of drug and indication for which flunitrazepam is prescribed.

PMID- 6360749
TI  - Efficacy and safety of a non-acetylated salicylate, choline magnesium
      trisalicylate, in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The results of three double-blind, multicentre trials are reviewed to compare the
      efficacy of acetysalicylic acid (ASA) and a non-acetylated salicylate, choline
      magnesium trisalicylate (CMT), in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In each
      trial, patients were randomly assigned to receive comparable doses of salicylate
      as either ASA or CMT. Mean values for clinical indicators of rheumatoid arthritis
      (number of painful joints, articular index, number of swollen joints, swelling
      index, duration of morning stiffness) showed similar or greater improvement among
      groups of patients receiving CMT, compared to those receiving ASA. In addition,
      the incidence of gastro-intestinal side-effects was lower among patients
      receiving CMT.

PMID- 6360750
TI  - Comparison between fenoprofen and ibuprofen in the treatment of soft-tissue
      rheumatism.
AB  - Fenoprofen calcium 600 mg, four times daily, and ibuprofen 400 mg, four times
      daily, were compared in a double-blind crossover study involving the treatment of
      soft-tissue rheumatism in fifty patients. After 7 days there was no significant
      difference between the efficacy of the two drugs with respect to 'pain at rest',
      'pain on movement', 'tenderness' or 'sleep disturbance' but fenoprofen was
      significantly better when considering 'limitation of movement' and 'The
      physician's assessment of the severity of the condition'. Combining data from
      Weeks 1 and 2 of treatment, 14 days fenoprofen treatment brought about
      significant improvements in all of the above parameters. Ibuprofen did not
      significantly improve 'pain at rest' but did improve the other parameters.

PMID- 6360751
TI  - Indoprofen and pentazocine in post-traumatic pain. A double-blind, parallel-group
      comparative trial.
AB  - In a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study involving sixty patients with
      severe pain due to fractures, the analgesic activity of indoprofen and
      pentazocine was evaluated. Each patient received one of the following treatments
      in random order: indoprofen 400 mg i.v., pentazocine 30 mg i.v., placebo. The
      analgesic effect was measured by rating the intensity of pain before treatment
      and after 1/2, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours. Patients' final opinions on efficacy were
      assessed on the basis of categoric and visual analogue scales. Highly significant
      differences were found between the active drugs and placebo for all variables
      analyzed. Indoprofen was significantly superior to pentazocine when assessed
      through variables measuring total analgesic effects. Since both drugs were well
      tolerated, i.v. indoprofen appears to offer an effective and safe alternative to
      narcotic analgesics in acute pain due to fractures.

PMID- 6360752
TI  - A multicentre general practice study comparing pivampicillin (Pondocillin) and
      amoxycillin (Amoxil) in respiratory tract infections.
AB  - Seven-day courses of either pivampicillin (Pondocillin) 500 mg twice daily or
      amoxycillin (Amoxil) 250 mg three times daily were compared in a multicentre
      general practice study in 463 patients with symptoms of upper or lower
      respiratory tract infections. Patients were stratified into four diagnostic
      groups: sinusitis, otitis media, throat infections, and acute bronchitis, and
      randomly allocated to treatment within these groups. There was an over-all
      response of 93% in the 227 patients receiving 12-hourly pivampicillin compared
      with 90% for the 236 patients receiving 8-hourly amoxycillin. Patients suffering
      from acute bronchitis responded significantly better to pivampicillin
      (Pondocillin) than to amoxycillin. Side-effects were reported by 15.6% of
      patients in the amoxycillin group and 14.0% in the pivampicillin group.

PMID- 6360753
TI  - Characterization of a plasma membrane glycoprotein common to myoblasts, skeletal
      muscle satellite cells, and glia.
AB  - A plasma membrane glycoprotein common to embryonic chick myoblasts and adult
      chicken skeletal muscle satellite cells is the antigen recognized by monoclonal
      antibody C3/1. Although traces of the same antigen are present on some muscle
      derived fibroblasts, the density of antigenic sites on myoblasts and satellite
      cells is so high that these cell types can be identified in tissues by
      immunocytochemical techniques. The antigen is exposed on the surfaces of myogenic
      cells growing in tissue culture and can be solubilized with detergent. This and
      other criteria establish that the antigen is a plasma membrane protein. The
      antigen, purified by affinity techniques, consists of a single type of
      polypeptide chain which migrates as a relatively broad band of apparent molecular
      weight 38,000 Da in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It has a very small
      sedimentation constant, suggesting that the solubilized form is either monomeric
      or dimeric. The concentration of antigenic sites increases during myogenesis in
      vitro; but during maturation the antigenic sites are lost from muscle fibers.
      Electron microscopic autoradiographic study of adult muscle labeled with
      iodinated monoclonal antibody demonstrated unequivocally that the antigenic sites
      in adult muscle are concentrated in the satellite cells. Although selective for
      myoblasts, immature myotubes and satellite cells in the myogenic lineage, the
      monoclonal antibody also binds at rather high levels to peripheral Schwann cells
      and teloglia, to some nonneuronal cells in cultures derived from embryonic spinal
      cord, to some glial elements of adult chicken brain, and to several cell types in
      the early embryo.

PMID- 6360754
TI  - HBIG prophylaxis for perinatal HBV infections--final report of the Taiwan trial.
AB  - A randomized double blind placebo controlled efficacy trial of hepatitis B
      immunoglobulin (HBIG) for prevention of the mother to infant transmitted HBsAg
      carrier state was conducted in Taiwan where the carrier rate in the general
      population is 15% to 20%. HBIG was given immediately after birth to infants of e
      antigen positive HBsAg carrier mothers and all infants were followed for at least
      15 months. Among 61 placebo recipients the carrier rate was 92%; compared with
      26% among 57 infants who received 0.5 ml HBIG at birth, three months and six
      months and 54% among 67 infants who received a single 1.0 ml dose of HBIG at
      birth only. Efficacy was 71% and 42% respectively for the two treatment
      schedules. The most common response of HBIG-treated infants was passive-active
      immunization which was 27% in single dose group and 61% in three doses group.
      Some of the infants who became carriers were probably infected as HBIG protection
      waned and we expect that higher efficacy can be achieved by HB vaccine in
      conjunction with HBIG.

PMID- 6360755
TI  - Use of a monoclonal antibody in the detection of HBsAg in the liver by
      immunofluorescence.
AB  - IF and IP techniques using conventional antibodies have been successfully applied
      in the detection of tissue HBsAg. However, they present problems related to
      specificity and sensitivity as well as in the recognition of the membranous
      expression of HBsAg. In this study two monoclonal antibodies to HBsAg have been
      used in the indirect IF and IP techniques for HBsAg demonstration in cryostat and
      paraffin sections of liver and other tissues (kidney, skin). The results were
      compared for specificity, sensitivity and histochemical patterns to those
      obtained by the same techniques with conventional anti-HBs antibodies of human
      and animal origin (rabbit, guinea-pig, baboon). IF staining with 1:40 dilution of
      an IgG2a monoclonal anti-HBs (5 C3) using a second layer of absorbed FITC
      conjugated anti-mouse antibody, was superior as compared to IP and IF with
      conventional antibodies. It worked successfully both on frozen and paraffin
      sections. The main advantages compared to conventional antibodies were: absolute
      specificity with completely negative background staining, clear-cut demonstration
      of weak HBsAg reactions usually unrecognizable by conventional antibodies to
      HBsAg and unequivocal recognition of the membranous HBsAg expression on the
      surface of hepatocytes. The latter was frequently observed not only in patients
      with chronic liver disease but also in healthy HBsAg carriers, thus suggesting
      that surface expression of HBsAg is unrelated to the pathogenesis of HBV-induced
      chronic liver damage.

PMID- 6360756
TI  - Insulin receptor binding to monocytes, insulin secretion, and glucose tolerance
      following metformin treatment. Results of a double-blind cross-over study in type
      II diabetics.
AB  - We studied the effect of metformin therapy (1700 mg daily) on glucose tolerance,
      insulin secretion, and insulin binding to monocytes in 10 non-insulin-dependent
      diabetics (mean duration of disease 2.6 yr) who were treated for 4 wk with either
      metformin or placebo in a double-blind cross-over study. Metformin induced a
      significant decrease of glucose levels during an oral glucose load compared with
      placebo treatment (P less than 0.001). All patients studied showed normal or
      elevated basal insulin and C-peptide levels; their responses to an oral glucose
      load, however, were relatively hypoinsulinemic without any significant difference
      between metformin and placebo. Insulin binding to monocytes was nearly identical
      at all insulin concentrations tested in the placebo or metformin therapy phase.
      These data indicate that the glucose-lowering potency of metformin in non-insulin
      dependent diabetics cannot be associated with changes in receptor number or
      affinity. It is suggested that metformin might have a positive influence on
      postreceptor defects in non-insulin-dependent diabetics.

PMID- 6360757
TI  - Preparation of high-potency, non-aggregating insulins using a novel sulfation
      procedure.
AB  - The marked propensity of insulin to self-associate into large aggregates causes
      significant mechanical problems in insulin delivery devices and may also
      stimulate production of a tissue-amyloid A precursor in some patients. Although
      conventionally prepared sulfated insulin (SI) resists aggregation, clinical
      application has been limited by major insulin bioactivity losses that occur
      during synthesis. To eliminate this problem, insulin sulfation was carried out in
      the organic solvent dimethylformamide in the presence of condensing agents such
      as N,N'-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC) and a sulfate donor. With this new
      procedure, the degree of sulfation could be controlled over an eightfold range by
      varying the amount of condensing agent. The bioactivity of these new SI
      derivatives varied between 78% and 87% of unmodified insulin. Insulin
      aggregation, induced by passage through a syringe and needle, did not occur with
      derivatives having two or more sulfate moieties per insulin molecule. Diffusion
      velocity studies using "non-aggregated" insulin solutions demonstrated that
      aggregates were present in crystalline zinc and sodium porcine insulin. In
      contrast, SI having more than 0.5 mole sulfate per mole of insulin dialyzed as it
      were predominantly in the monomeric form. Results from the studies described in
      this report now provide the means for selectively designing and preparing
      specific high-potency, non-aggregating insulins, which may be necessary for
      optimal use of current and future insulin delivery devices.

PMID- 6360758
TI  - Unanticipated amyloidosis in dogs infused with insulin.
AB  - Highly purified regular porcine insulin was given by portable insulin pumps
      through indwelling vena caval catheters to 17 (13 normal, and 4
      pancreatectomized) dogs initially weighing 15 +/- 2 kg at rates ranging from 2 to
      10 mU/min (total 17-250 mg) over time periods ranging from 37 to 252 days. During
      the course of the study, many of the animals lost weight and became anemic. Since
      these conditions persisted and weight loss progressed even after cessation of
      insulin infusion, as many of the dogs as possible (15 of 17) were autopsied for
      microscopic studies. Large amounts of amyloid were demonstrated in the liver,
      kidney, spleen, and/or pancreas in 55% (6/11) of normal, and in 75% (3/4) of
      pancreatectomized dogs. The amyloid deposits were Congo red positive, exhibited
      classical apple green fluorescence under polarized light, and possessed the
      characteristic ultrastructural features of amyloid. Massive deposits of amyloid
      were observed in animals receiving as little as 17 mg of insulin over a time span
      of 52 days. In those animals with hepatic amyloid, marked hepatomegaly was
      present (i.e., 1200 +/- 250, X +/- SD, versus 300 +/- 25 g for normal animals)
      and preterminal serum alkaline phosphatase levels were markedly elevated (434 +/-
      285 versus 30 +/- 14 IU/L for animals without hepatic amyloid). The magnitude of
      the hepatic amyloid deposits precludes the possibility that they represent
      insulin aggregates or insulin-derived products per se. No evidence of amyloid was
      present in any of the tissue biopsy specimens obtained prior to insulin infusion.
      Moreover, the possibility that this represents an immune response to the injected
      porcine insulin has to be viewed in light of the fact that the amino acid
      sequences of dog and porcine insulins are identical. It is of particular interest
      that the affinity of the amyloid deposits for Congo red stain was totally
      abolished by prior permanganate treatment, suggesting that the amyloid was
      derived from serum amyloid A protein rather than from immunoglobulin light chains
      or insulin aggregates per se. Further evidence that the protein was of the AA
      type came from the initial biochemical characterization. Gel filtration on
      Sephadex G100 in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride identified two small molecular
      weight peaks of about 13,000 and 25,000 daltons, both of which inhibited the
      radioimmunoassay for human AA protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6360759
TI  - The effect of chloroquine on the binding, intracellular distribution, and action
      of insulin on isolated mouse pancreatic acini.
AB  - The effects of chloroquine on the binding, intracellular distribution, and action
      of insulin were studied in isolated pancreatic acini prepared from diabetic mice.
      Chloroquine had three effects on these cells. First, chloroquine altered cellular
      morphology by inducing an increase in the number and size of autophagic vacuoles
      and vesicles in the Golgi-lysosomal region. Second, chloroquine, in a dose
      dependent fashion, increased the amount of 125I-insulin associated with acini. A
      detectable effect of chloroquine was seen at 10 microM, and a maximal effect was
      seen at 30-100 microM where cell-associated insulin was more than doubled.
      Employing electron microscope autoradiographs, this accumulation of hormone was
      observed in the Golgi-lysosome area of the pancreatic acinar cell. Third,
      chloroquine had selective effects on the action of insulin. Preincubation with
      chloroquine had no effect on basal [3H]2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake, but in a dose
      dependent fashion it decreased the stimulatory effect of insulin on this
      function; at 100 microM chloroquine, the effect of insulin was abolished. In
      contrast, chloroquine had negligible effects on the stimulation of 2-deoxy-D
      glucose uptake into acini by cholecystokinin. Chloroquine in dose-dependent
      fashion partially inhibited basal [3H]leucine incorporation into acinar cell
      protein, but in contrast to its effects on 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake, the drug had
      no effects on the stimulation of this function by insulin.+2

PMID- 6360760
TI  - Diabetes in pregnancy. Skeletal malformations in the offspring of diabetic rats
      after intermittent withdrawal of insulin in early gestation.
AB  - Precise timing of the teratogenic period in diabetic pregnancy is of clinical
      importance since correction of the glucose intolerance during this period may
      protect the offspring from malformations. An experimental approach to elucidate
      this problem with regard to skeletal development was made in groups of pregnant
      streptozotocin-diabetic rats (MDI), which were treated with daily insulin
      injections except for a 2-day period in the first half of pregnancy. The degree
      of metabolic derangement was estimated by measurements of serum glucose
      concentrations. During the insulin-free period, the rats showed severe
      hyperglycemia (greater than 20 mM) while during ongoing insulin treatment, only
      brief periods of hyper- or hypoglycemia were observed. Insulin treatment was
      withdrawn successively between gestational days 3 and 12. Control groups
      consisted of normal pregnant rats (N) or pregnant rats with manifest diabetes
      (MD) without insulin treatment. The serum glucose levels of the N animals were
      below 6 mM while those of the MD animals were above 25 mM throughout pregnancy.
      Skeletal malformations in the viable offspring were recorded on gestational day
      20 after Alizarin staining of calcified ossification centers, which also allowed
      an estimate of skeletal development as a whole. Untreated diabetes in the MD rats
      induced a high rate of fetal resorptions, a decrease in fetal weight and
      viability, as well as retardation of skeletal development. Intermittent insulin
      treatment in the MDI rats ameliorated, but did not abolish, these changes. In the
      MD group 9 of 48 viable fetuses showed severe malformations of either the lower
      jaw (micrognathia) or of the lumbosacral region (caudal dysgenesis).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6360761
TI  - The independence of insulin release and ambient insulin in vitro.
AB  - The effect of insulin on its own secretion was tested in three independent
      experimental models using insulin concentrations that approached physiologic
      values. The collected secretions from glucose-stimulated islet tissue had no
      effect on insulin release from other islets. Perifused insulin had no effect on
      the release of endogenous insulin even when the assay was completely controlled
      for dilutional effects. Perifused insulin had no effect on the release of
      prelabeled insulin from glucose-stimulated islets. Similarly, proinsulin did not
      affect insulin release. Porcine insulin did not affect the function of porcine or
      canine islets. These studies strongly support the independence of glucose
      stimulated insulin secretion and ambient insulin.

PMID- 6360762
TI  - Reduced solubility of short-acting soluble insulins when mixed with longer-acting
      insulins.
AB  - Using insulins from three manufacturers, we examined the recovery by
      radioimmunoassay of short-acting soluble insulin when mixed with long-acting
      insulin as a function of the ratio of the mixture and the time of pre-mixing. In
      ratios of 1:2, 1:3, and 1:5 (short- to long-acting insulin), all Novo, Nordisk,
      and Lilly short-acting insulins tested showed a significant loss of solubility
      when mixed with the respective company's long-acting insulin either for less than
      75 s or for 20 min before centrifugation. In ratios of 1:1, Novo's Actrapid
      (regular) with Monotard (lente) and Lilly's regular with lente showed no
      significant loss of solubility when pre-mixed for less than 75 s, and the regular
      insulin also showed no significant loss when pre-mixed for 20 min. However, when
      Lilly's regular was mixed with either NPH or ultralente in a 1:1 ratio, a
      significant loss of solubility of the short-acting insulin occurred regardless of
      time [as was also found with Nordisk's Velosulin (regular) with insulatard
      (NPH)]. When Lilly regular was incubated with Lilly lente in ratios of 1:3 for
      less than 75 s, 20 min, 4 h, and 24 h before centrifugation, there was a
      progressive loss of solubility. In contrast, with the same ratios and times of
      pre-mixing, Lilly regular when mixed with Lilly NPH showed a rapid initial loss
      of solubility that plateaued by 20 min before centrifugation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6360763
TI  - Evidence against the presence of tight junctions in normal endocrine pancreas.
AB  - Tight junctional fibrils were absent in freeze-fracture replicas of rat and human
      islets in situ, but were easily discerned in collagenase-isolated islets.
      Disruption of the pancreatic gland and its exposure to trypsin were each found to
      induce tight junction formation in rat islets. The amount of tight junctions
      between islet cells declined progressively during culture, but tight junctional
      structures remained detectable after 1 day of culture. It is suggested that
      rather than being involved in normal islet cell function tight junctions provide
      an adaptive mechanism intended to seal and hence to protect islet microdomains
      against sudden perturbations in local interstitial fluid.

PMID- 6360764
TI  - Insulin-induced internalization of the insulin receptor in the isolated rat
      adipose cell. Detection of both major receptor subunits following their
      biosynthetic labeling in culture.
AB  - A protocol has been developed for maintaining isolated rat adipose cells in
      primary tissue culture. Using this protocol, cells remain fully viable and
      responsive to insulin for at least 24 h, as assessed by measuring 3-0
      methylglucose transport, lipogenesis from [U-14C]glucose, and the incorporation
      of [35S]methionine into total membrane protein. The acute insulin-induced
      internalization of its own receptor was then examined by biosynthetically
      labeling cells in culture with either [35S]methionine or [3H]glucosamine,
      maximally inducing receptor internalization with a 30-min incubation in the
      presence of saturating insulin, and preparing plasma and low-density microsomal
      membrane fractions by differential ultracentrifugation. Receptors were
      immunoprecipitated with anti-receptor antiserum, and the receptor subunits
      separated by NaDodSO4-PAGE under reducing conditions and analyzed by
      autoradiography. When cells not acutely treated with insulin are examined, both
      the 135K alpha- and 95K beta-receptor subunits are prominently labeled in the
      plasma membrane fraction, but only faintly labeled in the low-density microsomal
      membrane fraction. Following the induction of maximal acute receptor
      internalization, both subunits are decreased by 20-30% in the plasma membrane
      fraction and concomitantly increased in the low-density microsomal membrane
      fraction. However, the relative molecular weights and labeling intensities of the
      two subunits remain constant and correspond to those observed in the
      biosynthetically labeled human lymphocyte receptor. A minor band of Mr congruent
      to 190K is also labeled, but its labeling intensity is similar in the two
      membrane fractions from basal cells and does not change in response to
      insulin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6360765
TI  - The effect of growth hormone on splanchnic glucose and substrate metabolism
      following oral glucose loading in healthy man.
AB  - Elevated plasma concentrations of growth hormone impair glucose tolerance and
      insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues. To study the effect of short-term
      exposure to growth hormone concentrations elevated into the upper physiologic
      range (7-10 ng/ml) on splanchnic carbohydrate metabolism, both splanchnic glucose
      output (SGO) and substrate exchange after ingestion of a 75-g glucose load were
      determined by means of the liver vein catheter technique in six healthy
      volunteers after growth hormone administration. Growth hormone was infused at a
      rate of 2 micrograms/kg X h starting 120 min before and continuing for 150 min
      following the glucose load. Control studies without growth hormone administration
      were performed in seven subjects. SGO was 104 +/- 10 (SEM) mg/min in the
      postabsorptive state and increased to 43.4 +/- 2.2 g during the 150-min period
      following glucose ingestion. Growth hormone infusion did not alter basal SGO (130
      +/- 14 mg/min), nor the splanchnic exchange of lactate, pyruvate, and free fatty
      acids, whereas basal production of beta-OH-butyrate was increased twofold;
      following glucose ingestion a higher proportion of the given glucose load escaped
      the splanchnic bed after growth hormone exposure (66.9 +/- 6.8 g/150 min; P less
      than 0.005). The insulin production rate (basal 14 +/- 2 mU/min; following oral
      glucose 7.0 +/- 0.8 U/150 min) as calculated from C-peptide release from the
      splanchnic area was unaltered by growth hormone exposure in the basal state (14
      +/- 3 mU/min), but augmented after glucose ingestion (14.8 +/- 1.5 U/150
      min).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6360766
TI  - The onset and progression of pancreatic insulitis in the overt, spontaneously
      diabetic, young adult BB rat studied by pancreatic biopsy.
AB  - A specially developed clamping procedure permitted the easy, complication-free
      removal of splenic pancreas from rats. Using this biopsy procedure pancreatic
      tissue was removed from 50- to 90-day-old BB rats to study in a retrospective
      experimental design the time at which insulitis appears in BB rats, which develop
      acute, overt diabetes before the age of 120 days. Islets in biopsies taken 18-53
      days before the onset of diabetes showed normal structure and were free from any
      mononuclear infiltrations. Biopsies removed between 2 and 9 days before onset of
      diabetes in contrast showed widespread insulitis. In five rats in which the
      biopsy preceded the manifestation of diabetes by 11-16 days, only a small number
      of pancreatic islets showed small focal mononuclear cell infiltrations. Most of
      the islets in these five rats had a normal histologic appearance. Thus the
      lesions within the islets develop rapidly starting about 2-3 wk before overt
      diabetes. As revealed by autoradiography, pancreatic beta-cells still surviving
      at the time of onset of diabetes show a modest increase in replicative activity.
      Replicative activity of mononuclear inflammatory cells also was observed,
      suggesting that their accumulation within the islet tissue may result in part
      from local replication.

PMID- 6360767
TI  - Insulin in the rat fetus. A new form of circulating insulin.
AB  - The apparent hyperinsulinemia seen in the fetal rat in late gestation (day 20) is
      shown to be due to an immunoreactive insulin (IRI) species peculiar to the fetal
      rat, and not monomeric insulin. This species disappears within 12 h after birth
      and only insulin as found in the adult can then be detected. The fetal serum IRI
      has a molecular weight of approximately 11,000 and differs from monomeric insulin
      and proinsulin in its behavior on gel filtration and anion-exchange
      chromatography. The activity of fetal serum in an insulin bioassay based on the
      incorporation of glucose into lipid was half that expected on the basis of the
      serum IRI concentration. The addition of fetal serum to purified insulin or
      proinsulin caused an increase in the apparent molecular weight of both hormones
      by 2000. In the case of insulin, the generated species of mol wt 8000 was clearly
      differentiated from the endogenous species (11,000) on Sephadex G50. The fetal
      pancreas at this age was found to contain predominantly monomeric insulin that
      had full biologic activity in the insulin bioassay. It is postulated that the
      fetal pancreas secretes monomeric insulin, which is then modified in the
      circulation to a complex with reduced biologic activity. This process appears to
      have two steps in that in vitro fetal serum increases the apparent molecular
      weight of added insulin to 8000, whereas in vivo an additional component of
      approximately 3000 mol wt is involved to produce the endogenous insulin complex.

PMID- 6360768
TI  - Relative roles of insulin clearance and insulin sensitivity in the prebreakfast
      increase in insulin requirements in insulin-dependent diabetic patients.
AB  - During continuous subcutaneous or intravenous insulin infusion therapy, many
      patients with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD) require more insulin in the
      prebreakfast period (0600-0800 h) than earlier in the morning (0100-0300 h). This
      study was designed to assess whether variations in insulin clearance or insulin
      sensitivity might contribute to overnight variations in insulin requirements.
      Euglycemic insulin clamp studies were performed in random sequence from 2400 to
      0300 h and from 0500 to 0800 h on successive nights in 10 subjects with IDD.
      Insulin was infused at a rate of 40 mU/min/m2 and plasma glucose concentration
      was maintained at 100 mg/dl by a variable rate glucose infusion from a Biostator
      GCIIS (Miles Laboratories, Elkhart, Indiana). Insulin clearance was (mean +/-
      SEM) 277 +/- 41 ml/min/m2 between 0700 and 0800 h compared with 256 +/- 41
      ml/min/m2 between 0200 and 0300 h (P less than 0.05), while glucose infusion
      rates were the same [3.86 +/- 0.52 mg/kg/min from 0730 to 0800 h versus 3.99 +/-
      0.51 mg/kg/min from 0230 to 0300 h (P = NS)]. All eight patients with a
      previously documented prebreakfast increase in insulin requirements had higher
      insulin clearance at this time. These results indicate that differences in
      insulin clearance between the prebreakfast period and the early morning may
      account partially for the higher prebreakfast insulin requirements in some
      subjects with IDD, and the variations in insulin requirements during the night
      are not due to variations in insulin sensitivity.

PMID- 6360769
TI  - Degradation of insulin by isolated mouse pancreatic acini. Evidence for cell
      surface protease activity.
AB  - In the present study, we have used isolated mouse pancreatic acini to investigate
      the relationship between 125I-insulin binding and its degradation in order to
      probe the nature and cellular localization of the degradative process. In these
      cells, the proteolysis of 125I-insulin was dependent on time and cell
      concentration, and was saturated by unlabeled insulin with a Km of 290 nM. Since
      this value was much higher than the Kd for insulin binding to its receptor (1.1
      nM), the data indicated that 125I-insulin degradation by acini occurred primarily
      via nonreceptor mechanisms. Several lines of evidence suggested that insulin was
      being degraded by the neutral thiol protease, insulin degrading enzyme (IDE).
      First, insulin degradation was inhibited by thiolreacting agents such as N
      ethylmaleimide and p-chloromercuribenzoate. Second, the Km for degradation in
      acini was similar to the reported Km for IDE in other tissues. Third, the enzyme
      activity had a relative mol wt of approximately 130,000 by gel filtration, a
      value similar to that reported for purified IDE. Fourth, the degrading activity
      was removed with a specific antibody to IDE. Other lines of evidence suggested
      that enzymes located on the cell surface played a role in insulin degradation by
      acini. First, the nonpenetrating sulfhydryl reacting agent 5,5' dithiobis-2
      nitrobenzoic acid blocked 125I-insulin degradation. Second, a specific antibody
      to IDE identified the presence of the enzyme on the cell surface. Third,
      chloroquine, leupeptin and antipain, agents that inhibit lysosomal function, did
      not influence 125I-insulin degradation. Fourth, highly purified pancreatic plasma
      membranes degraded 125I-insulin.

PMID- 6360770
TI  - Complement-fixing islet cell antibodies in the spontaneously diabetic BB rat.
AB  - Fourteen rats of the spontaneously diabetic BB line were bled from the
      retroorbital sinus approximately every 10 days. Sera taken from an early age up
      to 20 days after the onset of overt diabetes were assayed for complement-fixing
      antibodies against antigens of the surface of islet cells (CFA). Dispersed islet
      cells from normal Wistar rats prelabeled with 3H-leucine were used as targets.
      Target cells in suspension were incubated with heat-inactivated rat sera and
      then, after washing, exposed to guinea pig complement. Cytolytic "injury" was
      measured by the percentage of labeled cellular proteins released into the medium.
      Sera from sequential bleedings from eight normal Wistar rats and three rats from
      a nondiabetic BB subline were assayed to establish basal control cytolytic
      activity. The mean response +/- SD obtained with all control sera was 7.7 +/-
      1.7%. A response exceeding the mean + 3 SD (12.8%) was considered significantly
      different from the basal value. Thirteen of the fourteen BB rats developed
      strongly positive sera. The cytolytic activity preceded the onset of overt
      diabetes. In several rats CFA appeared 4-8 wk preceding diabetes while in other
      rats CFA appeared 1-2 wk preceding the manifestation of the disease. These
      results indicate that CFA may contribute to the destruction of pancreatic islets
      directly or by attracting mononuclear cells.

PMID- 6360771
TI  - Experimental galactosemia produces diabetic-like retinopathy.
AB  - Six normal dogs were made galactosemic by feeding a 30% D-galactose diet, and
      were followed up to 5 yr. For comparison, 10 normal dogs and 10 alloxan-diabetic
      dogs were concurrently fed the diet less the galactose supplement. Retinopathy
      occurred in each of four dogs glactosemic 3 or more yr, and was absent at lesser
      durations of galactosemia, and from normal dogs not given the galactose
      supplement. The retinopathy was marked by saccular capillary aneurysms,
      hemorrhages, nonperfused or acellular vessels, tortuous hypertrophic capillaries,
      loss of capillary pericytes, and other lesions typical of diabetic patients and
      alloxan-diabetic dogs. In galactose-fed dogs, blood galactose varied between 0
      (fasted) and 250 mg/dl (postprandial), and glycosylated hemoglobin levels became
      supranormal. In contrast to diabetic dogs, blood levels of glucose, free fatty
      acids, and branched-chain amino acids were not elevated in the galactosemic dogs,
      and their serum insulin seemed normal. The results suggest that the level of
      blood hexose is itself an important determinant of retinopathy.

PMID- 6360772
TI  - Release of plasma pancreatic polypeptide in achlorhydric patients after
      intravenous infusion of gastric inhibitory polypeptide.
AB  - In order to evaluate whether gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) could be
      responsible for the postprandial fall in serum gastrin previously observed in
      patients with achlorhydria, 7 achlorhydric patients were given 100 ml Lipomul (66
      g triglycerides) on one occasion, and 5 of these patients were later given a 30
      min intravenous infusion of porcine GIP in a dose of 1 microgram/kg. Following
      the Lipomul ingestion, serum gastrin fell significantly, whereas no effect on
      serum gastrin was seen during the intravenous GIP infusion. A small, but
      significant release of serum insulin was seen shortly after starting the GIP
      infusion, together with a significant and more sustained release of plasma
      pancreatic polypeptide (PP). It is concluded that GIP does not lower the serum
      gastrin levels in achlorhydric patients, but that GIP might participate in the
      intestinal phase of the PP release.

PMID- 6360773
TI  - Effect of cicloxilic acid on bile lipid composition in patients with gallstones:
      a multicenter trial.
AB  - 24 gallstone patients were treated with cicloxilic acid, an agent endowed with
      choleretic activity, at the dose of 240 mg/day for 1 month. 24 comparable
      patients on placebo treatment acted as controls. Bile lipid composition was
      determined and the saturation index calculated before and after treatment, on
      samples collected by duodenal siphonage after caerulein stimulation, in both
      groups. In the cicloxilic group there was little or no change in bile salts and
      phospholipids, whereas biliary cholesterol concentration was significantly
      reduced (p less than 0.05) and consequently the lithogenic index lowered (from
      1.5 to 1.2, p less than 0.01). Cicloxilic acid can have a place in gallstone
      disease therapy in association with the litholytic bile acids or in the
      prevention of gallstone formation in high-risk populations.

PMID- 6360774
TI  - Comparison of cimetidine and tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate in healing and
      relapse of duodenal ulcers.
AB  - A comparison between cimetidine and tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate liquid
      (TDB) in the treatment of endoscopically diagnosed duodenal ulcer by single-blind
      randomized trial in 48 patients has shown 18 (75%) out of 24 patients receiving
      TDB and 13 (54%) out of 24 patients receiving cimetidine healed after 4 weeks'
      therapy. Symptomatic improvement within 1 month was seen in 19 patients on TDB
      and 18 patients on cimetidine, but did not only occur in patients whose ulcers
      healed. On follow-up, endoscopically proven relapse occurred within 1 year in 47%
      of patients whose ulcers had healed during treatment with TDB in comparison with
      60% of those healing on cimetidine.

PMID- 6360775
TI  - Coping with constraints: planning for the future. Part 3.

PMID- 6360776
TI  - Acute effects of insulin on cardiovascular function and noradrenaline uptake and
      release.

PMID- 6360777
TI  - Disparity between glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and insulin
      responses in obese man.
AB  - Studies were carried out in 32 obese patients and 30 normal-weight control
      subjects to ascertain the response of glucose-dependent insulinotropic
      polypeptide (GIP) and insulin to (1) oral and intravenous glucose (10 obese and
      10 control subjects), (2) oral fat and intravenous glucose (eight obese and six
      control subjects) and (3) mixed test meal (14 obese and 14 control subjects).
      Basal mean insulin was higher in the obese (99 pmol/l) than in the control group
      (40 pmol/l), but fasting blood glucose and GIP were not significantly different
      from normal. The total integrated response of insulin in obese subjects after
      oral glucose was 54.1 versus 33.3 nmol . l-1 . h-1 in control subjects; glucose
      and GIP responses were similar in both groups. After intravenous glucose the
      integrated insulin response was 8.8 in the obese versus 5.0 nmol . l-1 . h-1 in
      control subjects; GIP was unaffected by intravenous glucose and glucose levels
      were similar. Following oral fat and intravenous glucose, insulin secretion was
      again abnormal in the obese, 24.5 versus 7.3 nmol . l-1 . h-1 in controls, but
      GIP responses were normal. However, the control subjects became hypoglycaemic
      after this test: blood glucose 2.8 mmol/l at 150 min compared with 4.6 mmol/l in
      the obese group. The insulin response to a mixed meal was also abnormal in
      obesity.

PMID- 6360778
TI  - Immune abnormalities in diabetic patients not requiring insulin at diagnosis.
AB  - Islet cell antibodies (ICA), complement fixing islet cell antibodies, immune
      complexes and thyro-gastric autoantibodies were studied in newly diagnosed
      diabetic patients not requiring insulin at diagnosis. Particular attention was
      focussed on that minority of patients who are initially treated with diet or oral
      agents but show ICA in their serum. One hundred and six non-insulin-requiring
      patients were studied at clinical diagnosis. Seventeen who had ICA in their serum
      were compared with a control group of 89 who did not. The 17 ICA-positive
      diabetic patients were followed serologically for approximately 1 year from
      diagnosis. Patients were followed clinically for 3 years. Forty-seven percent of
      ICA-positive and 19% of ICA-negative patients had immune complexes in their
      serum. Eleven of the 17 ICA-positive patients also had serum complement fixing
      islet cell antibodies. Thyro-gastric antibodies were found in 29% of ICA-positive
      and 18% of ICA-negative diabetic patients. ICA, complement fixing antibody and
      immune complex positivity declined with time. Ten of the 7 ICA-positive and two
      of the 89 ICA-negative patients required insulin within 3 years of diagnosis.
      There was a positive trend for the presence of complement fixing islet cell
      antibodies at diagnosis to be associated with the early development of insulin
      dependency. The type of diabetes in ICA-positive patients not requiring insulin
      at diagnosis has strong immunological and clinical similarities to classical Type
      1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes.

PMID- 6360779
TI  - Glucose metabolism studied isotopically in diabetic dogs: effect of restoration
      of peripheral normoinsulinaemia by the artificial B cell.
AB  - Normoglycaemia, peripheral normoinsulinaemia, and normoglucagonaemia were
      restored acutely in chronically diabetic dogs, using an extracorporal artificial
      B cell with peripheral venous insulin administration. Glucose metabolism was
      analysed by a non-steady-state tracer technique with double-labelled glucose (6
      3H- and U-14C-glucose), and the incorporation of the 14C label into plasma
      lactate was determined. In the basal state, glucose turnover rates were not
      different from those in non-diabetic controls; but recirculation of the glucose-C
      label through the Cori cycle, and lactate labelling from glucose utilization were
      decreased. The glycaemic response to an intravenous infusion of non-labelled
      glucose was distinctly enhanced. This was based on a reduction in the rates of
      glucose disappearance. Its rates of appearance (total endogenous glucose
      production) were, however, suppressed to a normal extent by the exogenous
      glucose. Accordingly carbon recycling was nearly totally suppressed during the
      glucose infusion as in the controls. It is concluded that metabolic
      recompensation in these fasting, resting diabetic dogs remained incomplete
      because the interval of normoinsulinaemia, which obviously applied only to the
      peripheral circulation, was not long enough.

PMID- 6360780
TI  - Pentamidine, a new diabetogenic drug in laboratory rodents.
AB  - The antiprotozoal drug, pentamidine, has been reported to induce hypoglycaemia
      associated with inappropriately high plasma insulin concentrations, followed by
      insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. It has been suggested that this drug can be
      toxic to the islet B cell, inducing early cytolytic release of insulin leading to
      B cell destruction. In order to test this hypothesis, mouse and rat islets were
      incubated with pentamidine at concentration range of 5 x 10(-11) to 5 x 10(-3)
      mol/l and exposure times of 3-48 h. The B cell responses to glucose +
      theophylline and to arginine were suppressed by pentamidine, while insulin
      release in non-stimulatory conditions was increased. These effects were dose
      dependent, time-dependent and irreversible. They were significant for 5 x 10(-7)
      mol/l pentamidine, which is a concentration relevant to therapeutic uses. These
      effects developed more slowly than the toxic effects of streptozotocin and
      alloxan at the same molar concentration in vitro. 51Chromium release and Trypan
      blue exclusion tests support the hypothesis that pentamidine produces islet cell
      necrosis.

PMID- 6360781
TI  - Inhibition of insulin-stimulated xylose uptake in rat soleus muscle by
      cycloheximide.
AB  - Cycloheximide (20-200 mg/l) did not affect basal D-[U-14C]xylose uptake by rat
      soleus muscle (2.4 +/- 0.2 mumol . g-1 . h-1). However, the stimulatory effect of
      insulin on sugar transport was progressively reduced from 375% above basal in
      control muscles to 170% in muscles exposed to 200 mg cycloheximide/l but above
      this concentration cycloheximide inhibited basal xylose uptake without further
      effect on the incremental effect of insulin. Cycloheximide affected the insulin
      dose-response curve both by depressing insulin sensitivity and by reducing the
      maximum stimulatory effect of the hormone. In contrast to the inhibition of
      insulin action, which increased progressively over the range 20-200 mg
      cycloheximide/l, muscle protein synthesis was inhibited maximally at a
      concentration of 10 mg/l. Cycloheximide also inhibited the insulinomimetic
      effects of anoxia, 2:4-dinitrophenol, salicylate, cooling, hydrogen peroxide,
      diamide, vitamin K5, hyperosmolarity and EDTA, but did not affect concanavalin A
      stimulated xylose uptake. It is concluded that cycloheximide inhibits insulin
      stimulated sugar transport at some late post-receptor step, and that this effect
      of cycloheximide is not secondary to the inhibition of protein synthesis.

PMID- 6360782
TI  - Temporal changes in pancreatic islet composition in C57BL/6J-db/db (diabetes)
      mice.
AB  - Temporal changes in non-B cell populations were determined during the period of B
      cell hyperplasia in diabetes-resistant C57BL/6J mice. Pancreases from normal and
      db/db mice between 3 and 20 weeks of age were stained immunocytochemically for
      glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and changes in A, D and
      PP cell volume densities quantified by image analysis. Further, islet volumes, D
      cell volumes and actual D cell numbers per islet were determined by analysis of
      serial sections through entire islets. The volume of db/db islets was three- and
      ten-fold elevated above normal by 8 and 20 weeks, respectively, due mainly to B
      cell hyperplasia. D cell volume density exhibited a transient increase during the
      initial phase of B cell hyperplasia, but then showed a gradual reduction; the
      average number and absolute volume of D cells per islet was comparable in db/db
      and normal islets from older mice. In contrast, PP cell volume density remained
      stable throughout, suggesting that this cell type kept pace with B cell
      hyperplasia. A cells showed a reduced volume density throughout and were
      distinguished from other islet cells which all responded positively to a degree,
      albeit non-coordinately, to the mitogenic stimulus exerted by db gene expression.
      The finding that A cells shared with certain neuroectodermally-derived cell types
      a differentially high concentration of sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
      further underscored the uniqueness of the A cell from other cell types.

PMID- 6360783
TI  - [Acute drug-induced esophageal lesions].

PMID- 6360784
TI  - [Carcinogenesis and cytogenetics. Application to gastrointestinal cancer].

PMID- 6360785
TI  - Anti-tumor activity of endotoxin depends on activation of serum complement
      fragments.
AB  - The anti-tumor activity of endotoxin (LPS), derived from E. coli O127, on the
      subcutaneous tumor MH134 inoculated into C3H/He mice in vivo was examined. On
      repeated examination, LPS administration of 50-100 micrograms/head induced a 50%
      complete cure rate. However, pretreatment with K76COONa inhibited the anti-tumor
      activity of LPS, and no case of cure could be found. These results showed that
      the main anti-tumor activity of LPS administration consisted of complementary
      activation, mainly from the C5 step. The fact that the intraperitoneal
      administration of human complement activated serum with agar apparently inhibited
      the tumor growth in vivo certified these phenomena.

PMID- 6360786
TI  - Prevention of acute aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury by 15-R-15 methyl
      prostaglandin E2: an endoscopic study.
AB  - The deleterious effects of aspirin on gastric mucosa have been well documented in
      experimental and clinical studies. Prostaglandins offer a potential method by
      which this injury may be prevented. In these studies, we developed a single-dose
      endoscopic assay system of aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury in normal
      volunteers. With this system, 27 of 30 volunteers (90%) demonstrated severe
      mucosal injury after ingestion of aspirin. Subsequently, we evaluated whether
      pretreatment with 15-R-15 methyl prostaglandin E2 prevented severe injury after
      ingestion of aspirin. Following an initial dose-response study, a double-blind
      crossover trial was performed using pretreatment with placebo or with 10
      micrograms doses of 15-R-15 methyl prostaglandin E2 for 24 h before treatment
      with aspirin. The results of this trial indicate that prostaglandin pretreatment
      significantly prevented the occurrence of endoscopically visible severe gastric
      mucosal injury after single-dose aspirin administration.

PMID- 6360787
TI  - Inhibition of gastric acid secretion by selective and nonselective
      anticholinergics.
AB  - Anticholinergics have been used for many years to reduce gastric acid secretion
      (e.g., in peptic ulcer patients). Because of their side effects and the advent of
      histamine-2 receptor antagonists, however, anticholinergics are now used much
      less frequently as antisecretory agents. Recently, a selective antimuscarinic
      type of anticholinergic, pirenzepine, has been developed. This agent reduces acid
      secretion and heals ulcers without producing serious side effects, probably by
      preferentially blocking a certain subtype of muscarinic receptor for
      acetylcholine (M1 receptor). This article will review the current types and
      subtypes of cholinergic receptors and the mechanisms by which antimuscarinic
      agents, including pirenzepine, reduce gastric acid secretion.

PMID- 6360788
TI  - Enterokinase deficiency and vitamin B12 absorption.

PMID- 6360789
TI  - [Treatment of hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea by pulsatile administration of
      gonadotropin-releasing hormone].
AB  - Two patients with hyperprolactinemic secondary amenorrhoea were treated with
      gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). Both desired children and had an
      incompatibility to treatment with Dopamin agonists (Zyklomat). Both patients
      ovulated and had regular follicular maturation in spite of rising prolactin
      levels. The pregnancies occurred in the first treatment cycles. The pulsatile
      intravenous administration of GnRH is apparently a viable alternative plan of
      management in patients with a moderate hyperprolactinemia and incompatibility to
      Dopamine agonists to the treatment with gonadotropins which was in use up to now.

PMID- 6360790
TI  - [Identification of leukemic cells during G-0 and G-1 phases of the cell cycle
      using scanning cytophotometry].

PMID- 6360791
TI  - [Instability of recombinant molecules].
AB  - The regions and mechanisms of recombinant DNAs instability are reviewed, in
      particular, the mechanisms of the replication instability expressed as
      elimination of recombinant DNA from cells and the mechanisms of structural
      instability revealed as spontaneous alteration of the chemical structure of these
      DNAs. The replication instability is subdivided into that induced by ineffective
      replication systems, and that induced by disturbances in the process of correct
      partitioning of the plasmids between dividing cells. The structural instability
      is subdivided into topological one occurring due to formation in the hybrid
      plasmids of the anomalous elements of the secondary structure-"loops", the
      regulatory instability caused by nonbalanced transcription streams and metabolic
      instability induced because of the protein superproduction which is energy
      capacious and not necessary for normal cell growth.

PMID- 6360792
TI  - [Equations for segregation frequencies determined by Weinberg's generalized
      method in a model of a single autosomal 2-allelic locus with incomplete
      penetrance].
AB  - Equations are proposed for segregation frequencies determined by generalized
      Weinberg's method (SFw). The equations give an expression for SFw in terms of
      basic parameters of a single autosomal two-allele locus model with incomplete
      penetrance (SAL-2 model), namely, in terms of the frequency of one of the alleles
      and the penetrances of three genotypes (p, II2, II1, II0). The equations proposed
      are intended to be included into the system of equations to find the basic
      parameters of the SAL-2 model.

PMID- 6360793
TI  - [Experimental analysis and planning using the Salmonella/microsomes test].
AB  - A possible statistical treatment of the results obtained in Salmonella
      typhimurium TA1950, TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98 and TA100 using the
      Salmonella/microsomes test was investigated. An analysis of independent repeated
      experiments pointed to the divergence of the data obtained. Consequently, it has
      been recommended to carry out the statistical treatment of experimental data
      within the limits of dispersion analysis with the subsequent use of the Scheffe's
      method for multiple comparisons. To stabilize the dispersion of experimental
      data, it is suggested to express the number of revertant colonies as lnX. A
      minimal volume of the data sample needed for resolving experimental tasks has
      been calculated. In standard experiments aimed at revealing the mutagenic
      activity of the compounds used, three Petri dishes should be used in each variant
      of experiments.

PMID- 6360794
TI  - [Selective effect of p-aminobenzoic acid on mutagenesis: phenotypic analysis of
      the Arg+-revertants induced by N-nitroso-N-methylurea in the Escherichia coli K
      12 AB1157 strain].
AB  - According to the phenotypic analysis of Arg+ revertants in Escherichia coli K-12
      AB1157, the specific mutational changes in bacterial cells under the action of
      MNU were registered. True and suppressor mutations of four phenotypic groups were
      noted. The quantity of mutants induced depended upon the DNA and protein
      syntheses in bacterial cells. The sublethal concentration of para-aminobenzoic
      acid markedly (10-50 fold) reduced the rate of mutagenic induction and changed
      the quantity relations of mutants within phenotypic groups.

PMID- 6360795
TI  - Will Washington buy mandatory assignment?

PMID- 6360796
TI  - Corneal disease: an approach to primary care.

PMID- 6360797
TI  - [Origin and fate of the aqueous humor. Physiologic studies in the forefront of
      the etiology of glaucoma in the 1st quarter of the 20th century].

PMID- 6360798
TI  - [Medicine from the viewpoint of the Italian thinker of enlightenment].

PMID- 6360799
TI  - [Random notes on the Schupfheim Codex. I: General observations and determination
      of the texts of the tracts].

PMID- 6360800
TI  - [50 years' medical research in Waldenburg].

PMID- 6360801
TI  - [From zemstvo health officer to academician (on the centenary of the birth of N.
      A. Marzeev)].

PMID- 6360803
TI  - [Viability of Proteus vulgaris in water and soil at different temperatures].

PMID- 6360802
TI  - [Effect of alcohol and smoking on immunological reactivity].

PMID- 6360804
TI  - [S. I. Sychugov--founder of the health organization in Vladimir District].

PMID- 6360805
TI  - [Role of the 1st Soviets of Worker Deputies in the struggle for protecting
      workers' health in the Ukraine in the years of the 1st Russian revolution (1905
      1907)].

PMID- 6360806
TI  - [Development of experimental and clinical toxicology in the Estonian SSR].

PMID- 6360807
TI  - [Current problems in the industrial hygiene and physiology of postal workers
      (review of the literature)].

PMID- 6360808
TI  - An estimation of the usefulness of hemostatic processes examinations in the
      prognosis of the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) occurrence in premature
      babies.

PMID- 6360809
TI  - [Is surgical treatment (circular suture by Mc Donald) of milder forms of cervix
      incompetence advisable?].

PMID- 6360810
TI  - [case of conservatively treated cervical pregnancy].

PMID- 6360811
TI  - [Basic surgical principles of annuloplasty of the mitral valve using a soft
      synthetic ring].

PMID- 6360812
TI  - [Cytological method for the intraoperative detection of tumor elements along the
      line of incision of the bronchi].

PMID- 6360813
TI  - Small intestinal plasma cells in coeliac disease.
AB  - Using a modified immunoperoxidase technique to achieve optimum staining and
      reproducible counts of plasma cells in paraffin embedded tissue, IgA, IgM, IgE,
      and IgG plasma cells were studied in small bowel biopsies from 20 controls, 23
      untreated coeliac patients, 19 treated coeliac patients, and seven patients with
      Crohn's disease not involving duodenum or jejunum. In controls the ratio of the
      mean counts for IgA, IgM, IgE, and IgG plasma cells was 2.5:1:1:1 respectively.
      In patients with untreated coeliac disease, counts of all types of plasma cell
      were significantly increased approximately two-fold compared with controls
      although for IgG cells there was considerable overlap. The ratio of the mean
      plasma cell counts in the untreated coeliac patients was 3.5:1.5:2:1. Counts fell
      significantly after treatment with a gluten-free diet. There was no significant
      difference between counts in the controls and the Crohn's disease patients. The
      changes found in coeliac disease may simply be a non-specific response to mucosal
      damage. The increases in IgA and IgM plasma cells, however, suggest that the
      deposits of extracellular IgA and IgM observed in coeliac mucosa are locally
      produced, and the increase in IgE plasma cells raises the possibility that
      reaginic type hypersensitivity may be involved in coeliac disease.

PMID- 6360814
TI  - Vasoactive intestinal peptide concentrations and immunocytochemical studies in
      rectal biopsies from patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-containing nerves and VIP content of
      endoscopic rectal biopsies from 47 patients with inflammatory bowel disease and
      17 normal controls were examined by immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay.
      Immunocytochemistry revealed a consistent increase in, and abnormal appearance
      of, VIP nerves in patients with Crohn's disease not only those with rectal
      involvement but also patients with no histological evidence of rectal disease.
      Normal control biopsies contained 1.64 +/- 0.39 pmol VIP/mg protein as compared
      with 3.43 +/- 1.24 pmol VIP/mg protein in tissue from patients with rectal
      Crohn's disease and 5.37 +/- 1.23 pmol VIP/mg protein in those with Crohn's
      disease without rectal involvement. Ten of the 17 biopsies examined from
      ulcerative colitics showed a normal pattern of VIP innervation. Examination of
      the conventional histology of these biopsies showed that only areas with obvious
      active proctitis had increased VIP nerves and, unlike the appearance in Crohn's
      disease, these nerves had a normal morphology. The VIP content of these biopsies
      was similar to that of the controls; 1.34 +/- 0.37 pmol/mg protein.

PMID- 6360815
TI  - Comparison of three adrenoreceptor blocking agents in patients with cirrhosis and
      portal hypertension.
AB  - The effects of different types of adrenoreceptor blocking agents on portal venous
      pressure were studied in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Oral
      atenolol (selective beta 1 blocker), propranolol (non-selective beta 1 and beta 2
      blocker), and prazosin (alpha blocker) were compared in three groups of eight
      patients. Haemodynamic measurements were made before and after two or three and
      eight weeks of therapy. The dose of beta blockers was sufficient to reduce the
      exercise heart rate by more than 25%. Propranolol and prazosin produced a
      sustained reduction in the mean portohepatic venous pressure gradient of the
      order of 25% and 18% respectively. The cardiac index was significantly reduced by
      propranolol but not altered by prazosin. Atenolol produced an early reduction in
      portohepatic venous pressure which, although not sustained, showed a good
      correlation with reduction in cardiac index. No such relationship was found with
      propranolol. All three drugs were well tolerated by these patients with advanced
      cirrhosis. Therefore propranolol and prazosin have proved to be effective agents
      for the reduction of portal venous pressure.

PMID- 6360817
TI  - Prostacyclin and thromboxane in ovarian cancer: effect of cytostatics and
      prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors.
AB  - The production of the antiaggregatory prostacyclin (PG1(2) ) and proaggregatory
      thromboxane A2 (TxA2) were studied in 19 patients with residual ovarian cancer.
      The plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (a metabolite of PG1(2) ) in cancer patients (146.7
      +/- 14.7 pg/ml, mean +/- SE) was higher (P less than 0.02) than that in the
      controls (85.3 +/- 9.2 pg/ml, n = 17). Also the releases of TxB2 (a metabolite of
      TxA2) during spontaneous clotting of the blood samples were greater (P less than
      0.05) in the patients (253.4 +/- 30.1 ng/ml) than controls (183.2 +/- 19.8
      ng/ml). The combined administration of doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide and cis
      platinum temporarily decreased the plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels but caused no
      changes in TxB2 generation. Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors (acetylsalicyclic
      acid or indomethacin) during cytostatic infusion did not prevent the occurrence
      of the acute side effects of cytostatics, but they inhibited the TxB2 generation.
      Thus our data suggest that residual ovarian cancer is accompanied by increased
      production of PG1(2) and TxA2, and that prostaglandins have no role in the acute
      side effects of cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 6360816
TI  - Progress in the treatment of chronic portasystemic encephalopathy.

PMID- 6360818
TI  - A study of the fibrin plate assay of fibrinolytic agents. Optimal conditions,
      reproducibility and precision.
AB  - The reproducibility, precision and required conditions of the fibrin plate method
      for determination of fibrinolytic agents are described in detail. Under optimal
      conditions the assay is a sensitive and precise method for the quantitative
      determination of fibrinolytic agents. Thus, with a tissue plasminogen activator
      preparation its sensitivity is approximately 0.02 CTA urokinase units/ml, and
      dilutions yielded a curve with a slope (double-logarithmic) with a day-to-day
      mean of 0.53 with a coefficient of variation of 5.1%.

PMID- 6360819
TI  - [Microsurgical fascicular neurorrhaphy. Our method].
AB  - The author holds the microsurgical fascicular neurorrhaphy superior to the
      classical epineural suture. Microsurgical technique is more time-consuming and
      requires greater experience, moreover the application of autologous nerve grafts
      is often necessary. In secondary reconstructive operations of peripheral nerves a
      strong epineurium was found and in cases of small defects a surgical procedure
      was devised which permitted immediate microsurgical nerve suture without
      autologous nerve grafts. By isolating the epineurium it was possible to suture it
      initially on one side of the nerve, giving relaxation of the fascicle groups for
      direct repair.

PMID- 6360820
TI  - [Treatment of bone and soft tissue defects in the distal part of the shank].
AB  - Important loss of tissue in the distal third of the leg sets a difficult problem
      in reconstruction. The first case gives an example of a free vascularized bone
      graft, the second of application of the dorsalis pedis flap as an island. The
      indications are discussed and some points of the operative procedure are
      mentioned.

PMID- 6360821
TI  - [A new combined local transferable flap technic for closure of pretibial soft
      tissue defects].
AB  - The cross-leg flap is a well established and recommendable procedure although it
      has disadvantages, like fixation in uncomfortable position, three or four weeks
      of bed rest and injury to the donor leg. With diseased or missing donor leg the
      procedure is impossible. This also is the case if the patient refuses the
      operation because of the uncomfortable fixation. As alternative procedure for
      these cases we developed a combined local flap procedure. It consists of a
      subfascial mobilized dorsolateral rotated flap and a subfascial mobilized
      dorsomedial doublebased flap; both are adapted without tension over the defect.
      The procedure proved to be efficient. Posttraumatic soft tissue defects with
      exposed osteosynthetic material were closed, cases of long standing osteitis with
      skin ulcerations were treated successfully after en-bloc-resection of the
      infected skin and bone region. The advantages of this procedure: early
      mobilization of the patients, shortening of treatment, non-affection of the
      opposite leg, non-irritated, resistant, well-cushioned and innervated soft tissue
      coverage as well as cure of the osseous infection.

PMID- 6360822
TI  - [Group B streptococcal meningitis, septicemia and septic arthritis in neonates].

PMID- 6360823
TI  - [Kaposi sarcoma after kidney transplantation: regression after discontinuation of
      azathioprine].

PMID- 6360824
TI  - [Invasive and non-invasive methods for the evaluation of left ventricle function
      in patients with aortic insufficiency].

PMID- 6360825
TI  - [Colonoscopic electrocoagulation of angiodysplasia].

PMID- 6360826
TI  - [Modulation of the human immune response by cimetidine: theory and practice].

PMID- 6360827
TI  - Mutagenic activity at different stages of an industrial ammonia caramel process
      detected in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 following pre-incubation.
AB  - Mutagenic activity of a commercial ammonia caramel colouring was demonstrated in
      Salmonella typhimurium TA100 without metabolic activation. The activity in strain
      TA100 was increased using a 10-min pre-incubation, and a clear dose-response
      relationship was seen using this method. Investigation of samples taken from the
      different stages in the industrial process showed a constant level of mutagenic
      activity in samples from the middle to the end of the heating process with a
      steep increase in the sample taken after the end of heating. No mutagenic
      activity was seen in assays with S. typhimurium strains TA1535 and TA98.

PMID- 6360829
TI  - Training programs in logopedics.

PMID- 6360828
TI  - Mutagenicity of structurally related aromatic amines in the Salmonella/mammalian
      microsome test with various S-9 fractions.
AB  - The related monocyclic aromatic amines 2,4-diaminoanisole (DAA), 2,4
      diaminopropoxybenzene (DAPB) and 2,4-diaminobutoxybenzene (DABB) were tested for
      mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA 1538, using S-9 fractions
      from livers, kidneys and spleens of male Wistar rats for metabolic activation. In
      the presence of an uninduced liver S-9 fraction, DAA was weakly mutagenic (a two-
      or threefold increase), and the other compounds were negative. Uninduced S-9
      preparations from kidney, spleen or a mixture of kidney, spleen and liver
      homogenates did not activate any of the compounds. On the other hand, S-9
      fractions from rat liver induced with Aroclor 1254 or with a combination of
      phenobarbital and 5,6-benzoflavone activated both DAA and DAPB, DAA being by far
      the more mutagenic of the two. S-9 preparations from mixed liver, kidney and
      spleen homogenates from animals pretreated with Aroclor or with phenobarbital and
      5,6-benzoflavone were less effective than the liver homogenates. Aroclor-induced
      S-9 fractions from kidneys slightly activated DAA, but S-9 fractions from spleen
      were ineffective in all cases. The mutagenicity ranking of the aromatic amines
      was DAA greater than DAPB greater than DABB. The latter compound caused little or
      no increase over the control numbers of revertant colonies. The order of
      effectiveness of inducers was Aroclor 1254 greater than phenobarbital + 5,6
      benzoflavone greater than no inducer, and that of preparations from different
      organs was liver greater than mixture of liver, kidney and spleen greater than
      kidney greater than spleen.

PMID- 6360830
TI  - Pro-inflammatory, tumour-promoting and anti-tumour diterpenes of the plant
      families Euphorbiaceae and Thymelaeaceae.

PMID- 6360831
TI  - The C-nucleoside antibiotics.

PMID- 6360832
TI  - [Drug modification of mechanically evoked itching and the concomitant
      equivalents, erythema and wheals of the skin. Clinico-experimental studies].
AB  - In 20 volunteers with normal skin, itching and concomitant erythemas and wheals
      were produced by mechanical stimulation with a magnetic oscillation system. In a
      placebo-controlled, randomized double-blind study with twice cross-over, a
      calcium-vitamin-D-combination as single dose ampoules for peroral application was
      tested. A significant decrease (p less than 0,001) of the areas of erythema and
      wheal and itching in treated persons, compared with non-treated and placebo
      treated volunteers serving for controls, is showing the antiallergic
      effectiveness of the tested preparation.

PMID- 6360833
TI  - [Computer assisted echocardiography functional diagnosis. The question of
      inotropic effect of antidepressive drugs and ethanol].
AB  - Computer assisted analysis is useful for measurements in left ventricular
      echocardiograms. After manual input in the computer with the aid of an electronic
      pen, dimensions and contractility are determined by our selfmade programs. The
      left-ventricular function analysis (on the basis of the circumferential fibre
      shortening rate) demonstrated for tricyclic antidepressant drugs a dose-dependant
      loss of myocardial contractility. This effect was pronounced by ethanol,
      propranolol, reserpine and was compensated by orciprenaline. Chronic ethanol
      consumption caused heart failure detected by this noninvasive investigation. In
      healthy volunteers the most striking result of our measurements was that
      amitriptyline-treated subjects showed a loss of myocardial contractility. After
      both mianserin and amitriptyline an increase of the mean arterial blood pressure
      and the heart rate was observed. The simultaneous investigation with the invasive
      and non invasive parameters of contractility in dogs demonstrated that
      echocardiography in combination with our semiautomatic computer-system is able to
      measure myocardial contractility with this noninvasive method.

PMID- 6360834
TI  - [Therapy of postprandial digestive disorders using a combination of bromopride,
      enzymes and dimethylpolysiloxane].

PMID- 6360835
TI  - [Initial Munich contacts with heart transplantation].

PMID- 6360836
TI  - [Heart transplantation--2 years' experience in the Grosshadern Clinic of the
      University of Munich].
AB  - Between August 1981 and August 1983 11 heart transplantations were carried out at
      the Klinikum Grosshadern of the University of Munich. The recipients were 10 men
      and 1 women. The age of the patients at the time of the operation ranged from 20
      to 45 years. The diagnosis was: congestive cardiomyopathy (4 cases), coronary
      heart disease (5 cases), Uhl's disease (1 case), valvular heart disease (1 case).
      Cyclosporin A was used as the main immunosuppressive agent in all cases. 3
      patients died (1., 10. and 73. postop. day). 8 patients survived now since 2 to
      25 months. The survival time exceeds 0.5 years in 5 cases and 1 year in 3 cases.

PMID- 6360837
TI  - [Immunologic reactions following heart transplantation and their detection].
AB  - Transplantation antigens of the major histocompatibility complex are able to
      stimulate the rejection of the graft. Class I and class II antigens presented by
      dendritic cells to the host macrophages are found on parenchymal cells (class I)
      or combined on all passenger leucocytes. Humoral factors like interleukin 1
      produced by the macrophages activate the helper-lymphocyte subpopulation. The
      cytotoxic effector cells but also antibody producing B-cells receive their signal
      (interleukin 2) from the helper cells. Cellular and humoral mechanisms attack the
      vascular endothelium and the endocard first. Typical perivascular infiltrates or
      antibodies on the sarcolemm of myocard fibres and the intima herald the two types
      of rejection. The activated lymphocytes and their blast forms recirculate in
      various amounts in the peripheral blood, reflecting the severity of the event.
      Hematological evaluation including differentiation of lymphocyte subsets by
      monoclonal antibodies according to their phenotype seem to be a tool to recognize
      these mechanisms at an early stage. It is suggested that the optimal therapy and
      the necessary biopsy can be adjusted even more precisely using this immunological
      monitoring.

PMID- 6360838
TI  - [Heart transplantation--from clinical experiment to established therapeutic
      possibility].

PMID- 6360839
TI  - [Removable dentures - rehabilitation or resignation?].

PMID- 6360840
TI  - The Arizona experiment: competitive bidding for indigent medical care.

PMID- 6360841
TI  - Decreased sensitivity of platelets to prostacyclin in patients with diabetes
      mellitus.
AB  - In order to ascertain the platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin (PGI2) in patients
      with diabetes mellitus, we determined the percentage inhibition of platelet
      aggregation and platelet ATP secretion following PGI2 addition in an in vitro
      system. The percentage inhibition of platelet aggregation caused by PGI2 in final
      concentration of 1.25, 2.5, or 5.0 ng/ml was significantly lower in diabetics
      than in healthy controls. That of platelet ATP secretion by 1.25 or 2.5 ng/ml of
      PGI2 was also significantly lower in diabetics. These data suggested that in
      patients with diabetes mellitus, the decreased sensitivity of platelets to PGI2
      will bring about hypercoagulability and may become one of the risk factors of
      diabetic microangiopathy in cooperation with lowered vascular PGI2 generation.

PMID- 6360842
TI  - Further evidence for non-pancreatic insulin immunoreactivity in guinea pig brain.
AB  - The existence of large amounts of insulin in rat brain and of a porcine- or rat
      like insulin in guinea pig brain have been disputed on the basis of differing
      results from standard (Method I) and hydrophobic adsorption techniques (Method
      II) for concentrating insulin from acid ethanol extracts. To try to resolve these
      differences, acid ethanol extracts of rat and guinea pig brains were divided into
      equal aliquots and concentrated for insulin radioimmunoassay (RIA) by both
      techniques. The RIA used guinea pig anti-porcine insulin serum, with 50% B0 for
      purified pancreatic porcine, rat and guinea pig insulin standards being 1.35,
      2.38 and greater than 1,000 ng/ml, respectively. Oral glucose (4 g/kg) produced
      plasma glucose of 377 mg/dl in a guinea pig by 20 min but was not associated with
      any porcine- or rat-like immunoreactive insulin. Dilutions of guinea pig and rat
      brain extracts had parallel cross-reactivity with insulin standard curves.
      Insulin contents of rat brain (uncorrected for recovery) against porcine and rat
      insulin standards, respectively, were 1.33 and 1.93 ng/g (Method I) and 5.93 and
      11.67 ng/g (Method II). Rat plasma was 0.85 and 1.42 ng/ml, respectively. Guinea
      pig contained 1.35 and 1.89 ng/g (uncorrected), respectively (Method I), and 2.99
      and 5.62 ng/g, respectively (Method II). Guinea pig plasma was below the
      sensitivity of the RIA (less than 0.15 ng/ml). These results suggest that a
      porcine- or rat-like insulin may exist in guinea pig brain.

PMID- 6360843
TI  - The effect of triiodothyronine on insulin binding and action in rat adipocytes.
AB  - The effects of a short term (2 hour) incubation of 5 microM triiodothyronine (T3)
      on 125I-insulin binding and insulin stimulated (14C)-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake in
      rat adipocytes was investigated. In the presence of 5 microM T3, (14C)-2-deoxy-D
      glucose uptake was significantly decreased by 11 to 24% at insulin concentrations
      of 5 to 1000 microU/ml. The concentration of insulin eliciting a half maximal
      response for insulin stimulated (14C)-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake was 11.5 microU/ml
      in the control, and 14.3 microU/ml in the T3 treated cells (p less than 0.01). T3
      treated adipocytes bound 9 to 22% less 125I-labeled insulin yet the concentration
      of native insulin necessary to displace 50% of the bound 125I-labeled insulin was
      the same in the control and T3 treated cells (75 and 70 ng/ml, respectively).
      These studies indicate that the decreased sensitivity of T3 treated cells to
      insulin is in accordance with a decreased number of receptors with the same
      binding characteristics as those of the control cells. The decreased maximal
      uptake of (14C)-2-deoxy-D-glucose at saturating insulin levels is likely to be
      independent of receptor number and result from a second, undetermined alteration
      in the hexose transport system of adipocytes treated with T3.

PMID- 6360844
TI  - The significance of hyperphagia and diet composition on the metabolism in
      ventromedial hypothalamic lesioned male rats.
AB  - The metabolic consequences of ventromedial hypothalamic lesion were studied in a
      group of aged male rats which were obese and had decreased response to insulin.
      The effects of hyperphagia and ventromedial hypothalamic lesion per se were
      separated by comparing experimental animals fed isocalorically with controls and
      animals fed ad libitum. Ventromedial hypothalamic lesion as such led to increases
      in the glucose conversion to fatty acid and in lipoprotein lipase activity in
      adipose tissue. Protein catabolism as reflected by plasma urea levels, was
      enhanced. The lipoprotein lipase activity in heart tended to be lower after VMH
      lesion. These metabolic changes were amplified in the VMH lesioned rats fed ad
      libitum. The liver glycogen content was lowered by VMH lesion, but this effect
      was abolished by hyperphagia. In parallel experiments the influence of diet
      composition was studied by feeding similar groups with diet of high fat content.
      The glucose incorporation in fatty acids was in all groups markedly and similarly
      inhibited by the high fat diet. The increase in lipoprotein lipase activity in
      heart and adipose tissue of control rats with high fat intake could not be
      demonstrated in any of the groups with ventromedial hypothalamic lesion. The
      plasma urea level in the control group was not affected by the diet, but tended
      to increase in the ventromedial hypothalamic lesioned groups on high fat intake.
      These findings demonstrate that the well known metabolic effects of ventromedial
      hypothalamic lesions are also manifest in obese insulin resistant male rats.
      Furthermore, the responses to changes in diet composition are different from
      those of the control rats.

PMID- 6360845
TI  - Some capital notions. An expert provides ideas on planning, securing equity and
      debt funds, and reducing needs.

PMID- 6360846
TI  - Linguistic typology of artificially induced states of altered consciousness. II.

PMID- 6360847
TI  - Nursing internship: asking the right questions.

PMID- 6360848
TI  - Improved method for processing autoradiographs of cells grown on multiwell
      plates.
AB  - A modification of an established procedure for autoradiographic processing of
      cultured cells is described. This method eliminates the need for pipetting each
      individual well and also for cutting and dismantling the multiwell plate for
      slide preparation. In this procedure the entire plate can be processed as a
      single unit and the cells can be analyzed in situ, thus eliminating the time
      consuming pipetting and cutting procedures. Furthermore, the entire experiment
      can be filed without use of additional slides or storage boxes. Hence, this is a
      simpler, time conserving, and economical way to process large numbers of cultures
      for thymidine labeling indices.

PMID- 6360849
TI  - Binding, internalization, and degradation of [125I]insulin by cultured bovine
      aortic endothelial cells: effects of serotonin.
AB  - Cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells bind and internalize [125I]insulin and
      down regulate insulin receptors. Internalized insulin was not degraded
      significantly and diffused from the endothelial cells. Neither 5
      hydroxytryptamine, methylamine, nor dansylcadaverine have any observable effect
      on insulin binding, internalization, metabolism, or down regulation of insulin
      receptors. Transglutaminase activity, however, is inhibited by 5
      hydroxytryptamine and methylamine. These data indicate that transglutaminase is
      not required for insulin receptor-mediated endocytosis by bovine aortic
      endothelial cells in culture.

PMID- 6360850
TI  - Monoclonal SBF produced by a hybridoma: in-vitro and in-vivo suppression of B
      tumour-cell proliferation.
AB  - A suppressive B-cell factor (SBF)-producing hybridoma termed TS-4.44 was
      established by fusion of B cells which possessed receptors for the Fc portion of
      IgG (FcR gamma + B cells) and thymidine kinase defective fibroblasts, 3T3-4E
      cells. The biological properties of hybridoma-produced SBF (Hyb-SBF) are almost
      the same as those of conventionally prepared SBF (Conv-SBF). Hyb-SBF suppresses
      (i) plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses in an antigen non-specific manner, (ii)
      DNA synthesis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated B cells, but neither
      concanavalin A (Con A) nor phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-induced activation of T
      cells, and (iii) the proliferation of B, but not non-B tumour cells. Once
      absorbed with L-1210 cells, Hyb-SBF failed to inhibit both PFC and LPS responses.
      It is important is that Hyb-SBF suppresses the proliferation of L-1210 cells not
      only in vitro, but also in vivo. The physicochemical properties of Hyb-SBF such
      as sensitivity to trypsin, pronase and neuraminidase and its molecular weight
      (43,000), as judged by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) are in accord with those of Conv-SBF. Moreover, it
      is eluted from a DEAE cellulose column with 0.1-0.3 M phosphate buffer. Thus,
      monoclonal SBF is thought to be identical with Conv-SBF and could provide us with
      sufficient material for the analysis of FcR-dependent immunoregulation including
      surveillance mechanisms controlling the proliferation of B tumour cells.

PMID- 6360851
TI  - Enhancement of immunogenicity by incorporation of lipid A into liposomal model
      membranes and its application to membrane-associated antigens.

PMID- 6360853
TI  - Partial characterization of circulating macromolecular beta 2-microglobulin
      complexes by density gradient ultracentrifugation and page-blotting.
AB  - beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m)-containing, rapidly sedimenting peaks were seen
      when sera of patients with 3% polyethylene glycol (PEG)-insoluble beta 2m were
      fractionated by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. No such material
      was found in serum of a healthy volunteer without 3% PEG-insoluble beta 2m. MW of
      beta 2m-containing high molecular weight fractions ranged from 1.6 X 10(5) to 2.1
      X 10(6). When some fractions were recentrifuged a majority of beta 2m was
      recovered at the original sedimentation position. Analysis of high molecular
      weight beta 2m-containing peaks by SDS-PAGE followed by electroblotting revealed
      only monomeric beta 2m indicating that beta 2m was not covalently bound in the
      high molecular weight material.

PMID- 6360852
TI  - Production of lymphocyte activating factor in vivo.
AB  - Mice injected with Propionibacterium acnes, when challenged with
      lipopolysaccharide release a range of soluble mediators into their serum.
      Included among these is lymphocyte activating factor (LAF, interleukin-1). The
      release of LAF in vivo was detected only when serum samples were assayed at high
      dilution because inhibitors of its activity in vitro were also present. The
      kinetics of release of LAF in vivo after injection of P. acnes was dependent on
      the mouse strain used. LAF was also detected in serum collected from nude mice,
      implying that the LAF activity measured in vitro was not due to contamination
      with T cell products, such as interleukin 2.

PMID- 6360854
TI  - Specific mutator mutation in Escherichia coli B strain WP2 . trp- lac-.

PMID- 6360855
TI  - Prolonged and short term IPPV (a retrospective study of 120 patients).

PMID- 6360856
TI  - Protection from infection with mycobacteria.

PMID- 6360857
TI  - Immunostimulatory effect of levamisole in miliary tuberculosis.

PMID- 6360858
TI  - Enterotoxin production by Salmonella enteritidis at various environmental
      conditions.

PMID- 6360859
TI  - Evaluation of two new producer strains in differentiating Klebsiella pneumoniae.

PMID- 6360860
TI  - In vitro culture as a source of Plasmodium falciparum antigen in micro-ELISA in
      malaria.

PMID- 6360861
TI  - Alternative animal host for cotton rat filarial worm Litomosoides carinii.

PMID- 6360862
TI  - Effect of drugs on the activity of fungal limit dextrinase & alpha-amylase.

PMID- 6360863
TI  - Combination treatment in moderately advanced head & neck cancer.

PMID- 6360864
TI  - Endodermal sinus tumour. A study of 7 cases.

PMID- 6360865
TI  - Microtiter anti-streptolysin 'O' titration of serum samples from finger-prick
      blood.

PMID- 6360866
TI  - Antibiograms and klebocin typing of Klebsiella pneumoniae--a multicentric study.

PMID- 6360867
TI  - A decade of progress in the management of hypertension.

PMID- 6360868
TI  - Time course of development of the antihypertensive effect of propranolol.
AB  - Ten patients with essential hypertension were hospitalized and treated with
      placebo, followed by their usual dose of propranolol. Systolic and diastolic
      blood pressure decreased significantly after the first dose of propranolol, and
      by the third day of propranolol treatment reached 84% to 92% of the maximum
      decrease achieved during the 6 days of treatment. Mean maximum falls in blood
      pressure were 13/12 mm Hg supine and 12/13 mm Hg standing. This development of
      the decrease in heart rate and blood pressure over 48 hours occurred in parallel
      with cumulation of propranolol to steady state in plasma. The decrease in
      diastolic, but not systolic, arterial pressure was directly related to
      pretreatment blood pressure, but not significantly related to pretreatment plasma
      renin activity (PRA) or change in PRA. Thus, single doses of propranolol lowered
      blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension, and with continued
      therapy, near maximum antihypertensive effects were achieved within 48 hours.

PMID- 6360869
TI  - Role of dietary potassium in the treatment of hypertension.
AB  - This review summarizes the historical development and recent resurgence of
      interest in dietary potassium as a factor in hypertension. Some epidemiologic
      evidence has suggested that potassium intake by humans may be inversely related
      to the level of arterial blood pressure. Other studies have suggested that a
      marked reduction in the Na+/K+ ratio of the human diet reduces the blood pressure
      of normotensives. Further, the administration of high potassium diets has
      resulted in a lowering of blood pressure in some animal models of hypertension.
      Several possible mechanisms for this putative antihypertensive effect are
      evident. Some observations suggest that potassium could act as a diuretic agent
      and thereby reduce extracellular fluid volume, which in turn could result in
      decreased blood pressure. An alternative mechanism of action is that potassium
      may alter the activity of the renin-angiotensin system and reduce angiotensin
      influences on vascular, adrenal, or renal receptors. Other evidence supports the
      possibility that potassium modifies central or the peripheral neural mechanisms
      that regulate blood pressure. In addition, high potassium diets could reduce
      blood pressure by relaxing vascular smooth muscle and reducing peripheral
      vascular resistance directly. Although diets high in potassium content do appear
      to modify arterial blood pressure under some circumstances, particularly in salt
      dependent hypertension, a high potassium intake has not always attenuated blood
      pressure in all models examined. Further, evaluation of these data do not allow
      definite conclusions regarding a common mechanism through which potassium exerts
      these effects.

PMID- 6360870
TI  - Cardiovascular counterregulation during sympathetic inhibition in normal subjects
      and patients with mild hypertension.
AB  - The influence of agents that inhibit sympathetic nerve activity on cardiovascular
      responsiveness as related to major pressor factors has been unclear. Therefore,
      these components were evaluated in 11 normal subjects and 13 patients with mild
      essential hypertension before and after 4 weeks of sympathetic neuron blockade
      with the agent debrisoquine. In these normal and mildly hypertensive subjects,
      sympathetic neuron blockade caused approximately similar decreases in urinary and
      supine or upright plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels (average changes in the two
      groups, -41% and -45%, respectively; p less than 0.05 to less than 0.005), the
      chronotropic dose of isoproterenol (-45% and -38%), and the NE pressor dose (-47%
      and -51%, p less than 0.01), while the relationship between NE-induced changes in
      blood pressure and concomitant plasma NE concentrations was displaced to the left
      (p less than 0.01). Supine heart rate was also lowered (-10% and -8%, p less than
      0.05). Compared to the orthostatic variations during placebo conditions, mild
      postural decreases in blood pressure were apparent in both the normal and
      hypertensive groups (-8% and -7.5%). However, supine blood pressure was unchanged
      following debrisoquine treatment. Other parameters were also not consistently
      changed, such as total blood volume, exchangeable body sodium, urinary
      electrolytes, plasma epinephrine, renin, and angiotensin II (AII) levels, the
      pressor dose of infused AII, and the relationship between AII-induced changes in
      blood pressure and plasma AII measured before and during AII infusion. These
      findings demonstrate that the reduction in sympathetic outflow during sympathetic
      neuron blockade may elicit a hyperresponsiveness of alpha- and beta-adrenergic
      receptors that is equal in normal subjects and patients with mild essential
      hypertension.

PMID- 6360871
TI  - Chemical renal medullectomy. Effect on urinary prostaglandin E2 and plasma renin
      in response to variations in sodium intake and in relation to blood pressure.
AB  - We have studied the possible vasodepressor role of the renal medulla by chemical
      medullectomy. Bromoethylamine hydrobromide (200 mg/kg) was injected to induce
      selective renal medullary necrosis in rats. The acute effects on sodium balance
      and long-term effects on blood pressure, plasma renin concentration (PRC) and
      urinary prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were studied and compared with saline injected
      controls. There was an immediate and sustained increase in urine volume of low
      osmolality. Direct blood pressure in conscious free-moving animals was higher at
      2 and 10 weeks after injection in medullary-damaged rats, although this was only
      significant at 10 weeks (136 +/- 3.3 vs 118 +/- 4.5 mm Hg, p less than 0.01). An
      initial negative sodium balance returned to normal by 7 days and rats with
      established medullary damage tolerated a wide range of sodium intakes. Although
      there was no evidence of sodium retention on the normal diet, with very high
      sodium loads some sodium retention was apparent since PRC was suppressed and body
      weight increased. Plasma creatinine and creatinine clearance were normal. PRC in
      rats with medullary damage was unchanged on normal diet and rose to similar
      levels as in control rats on low sodium intake. Urinary PGE2 was markedly reduced
      (148 +/- 54 vs 536 +/- 71 ng/day, p less than 0.01) in medullary damaged rats,
      consistent with the renal medulla being the major source of urinary PGE2. High
      salt intake increased urinary PGE2 in normal and proportionally in medullary
      damaged rats, whereas on a low sodium intake, urinary PGE2 was not different from
      that on the normal diet in either group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6360872
TI  - Hypertension detection and follow-up program. Description of the enumerated and
      screened population.

PMID- 6360873
TI  - Hypertension detection and follow-up program. Baseline laboratory examination
      characteristics of the hypertensive participants.

PMID- 6360874
TI  - Hypertension detection and follow-up program. Baseline electrocardiographic
      characteristics of the hypertensive participants.

PMID- 6360875
TI  - Hypertension detection and follow-up program. Summary of the baseline
      characteristics of the hypertensive participants.

PMID- 6360876
TI  - Hypertension detection and follow-up program. Baseline medical history
      characteristics of the hypertensive participants.

PMID- 6360877
TI  - Hypertension detection and follow-up program. Baseline physical examination
      characteristics of the hypertensive participants.

PMID- 6360878
TI  - Studies of impaired aldosterone response to spironolactone-induced renin and
      potassium elevations in adenomatous but not hyperplastic primary aldosteronism.
AB  - Spironolactone (SPL) corrects hypertension, hypokalemia, and hyporeninemia in
      patients with primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA) by blocking mineralocorticoid
      (MCH) receptors. We evaluated the effect of continuous SPL treatment (100 to 300
      mg/day for 7 days to 9 years) on plasma renin (PRC), potassium, aldosterone (PA),
      18-hydroxycorticosterone (18-OHB), deoxycorticosterone (DOC), and corticosterone
      (B) concentrations and 24-hour urinary excretion of aldosterone (UA) in 24
      patients with PHA (15 with an aldosterone-producing adenoma [APA] and nine with
      idiopathic PHA [IHA]). Despite the normalization of PRC and K in both APA and IHA
      patients by SPL, UA and PA failed to increase in APA (55.8 +/- 8.8 to 51.4 +/-
      7.3 micrograms/24 hr and 54.0 +/- 9.4 to 44.6 +/- 6.2 ng/dl, respectively) in
      contrast to rises in IHA patients (22.3 +/- 2.5 to 69.3 +/- 10.3 micrograms/24 hr
      and 16.0 +/- 1.0 to 49.9 +/- 9.9 ng/dl). Similar corrections with amiloride (20
      40 mg/day for 2 months) in one patient with APA produced a three- to fourfold
      increase in UA and PA. In addition, while on SPL the characteristic fall or no
      change in PA and 18-OHB during upright posture persisted in all APA patients
      despite further increases in PRC (4.48 +/- 1.15 to 7.86 +/- 1.89) and K (4.0 +/-
      0.1 to 4.3 +/- 0.1). The patterns of the aldosterone precursors, DOC, B, and 18
      OHB, and their ratios to acute stimulation with cosyntropin were not altered by
      SPL. Thus, SPL treatment causes a sustained impairment of the aldosterone
      secretory response to normalized PRC and K, but not to ACTH stimulation, only in
      patients with APA.

PMID- 6360879
TI  - Aldosterone-binding globulin-induced hypertension in the rat. A new experimental
      model.
AB  - A thermostable urinary homologue of the plasma aldosterone-binding globulin
      (ABG), designated ABG-TsU, was isolated and purified by differential
      ultrafiltration, ion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration to
      electrophoretic homogeneity. Scatchard plot analysis using highly purified ABG
      TsU demonstrated reversible high-affinity low-capacity binding at separate sites
      for aldosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-SO4). ABG-TsU injected
      intraperitoneally (i.p.) in male rats resulted in sustained hypertension after 5
      to 8 days, characterized after 12 days by no changes in plasma Na+ K+,
      aldosterone, or plasma renin activity (PRA). No histological changes could be
      detected in the kidneys, brains, or hearts, nor evidence of adrenocortical
      hyperplasia. This hypertension appears to be aldosterone-dependent since it is
      prevented by bilateral adrenalectomy or administration of a spironolactone, but
      not by adrenalectomy when aldosterone is given concomitantly with ABG-TsU.
      Hemodynamic characterization of this hypertension was carried out in rats after
      treatment with ABG-TsU or saline i.p. for 14 days. Cardiac output (CO) was
      measured using the reference sample microsphere method. ABG-TsU-treated rats had
      significantly higher mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic blood pressure (SBP),
      diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and CO, while no difference in total peripheral
      resistance (TPR) was detected. This new animal model of borderline essential
      hypertension (EH) induced by ABG-TsU, which has a reversible high-affinity
      binding for aldosterone, results in adrenal-dependent hypertension due at this
      early phase to an increase in CO without any change in TPR, which remains
      inappropriately normal.

PMID- 6360880
TI  - Angiotensinogen concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid in different
      experimental conditions in the rat.
AB  - Angiotensinogen is the most important component of the renin-angiotensin system
      present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the rat. Its physiological
      significance as well as its origin have not been clearly elucidated. In this
      experiment we have examined plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma and CSF
      angiotensinogen concentration under the following experimental conditions in male
      rats of the Wistar strain: 1) adrenalectomy (Adx) 4 days prior to sample
      collection; controls were sham Adx animals; 2) nephrectomy (Nx) 48 hours before
      blood and CSF collection; controls were sham Nx rats; 3) DOC-salt treatment
      (Cortexon depot, 50 mg/kg.s.c. twice a week) plus saline to drink was given
      during 4 weeks; controls were intact rats; 4) DOC-salt plus captopril: captopril
      (100 mg/kg/day) in the drinking fluid was added to the treatment of experimental
      and control animals of Group 3; 5) two-kidney, two clip hypertension: silver
      clips placed in both renal arteries 8 weeks before samples collection; control:
      sham-operated rats; 6) water deprivation: rats deprived of water for 5 days;
      controls: intact rats; 7) peripheral sympathectomy: 6-hydroxydopamine (6-HODA)
      injected s.c. from birth until 16 weeks of age, adrenodemedullectomy and adrenal
      denervation performed at 8 weeks; controls were vehicle-injected animals.
      Determination of angiotensinogen concentration in plasma and CSF was accomplished
      by incubation of the samples with excess hog renin. The angiotensin I released as
      well as PRA were evaluated using an specific radioimmunoassay technique. PRA was
      significantly increased by Adx, captopril treatment, and water deprivation, and
      was almost suppressed by Nx, DOC-salt, and DOC-salt plus captopril
      treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6360881
TI  - Prostacyclin (PGI2) synthesis in the vascular wall of rats with bilateral renal
      artery stenosis.
AB  - The ability of vessels (rings of arteries and vena cava) to synthesize
      prostacyclin (PGI2) "in vitro" was analyzed in the initial (6-day) and chronic (6
      week) phase of two-kidney, two clip hypertension. Male Wistar CHbb THOM rats were
      used. Tissues were incubated for two hours in Krebs solution containing 14C
      arachidonic acid as exogenous substrate. Specimens (in benzene-ethanol 4:1
      vol/vol) and the unlabeled standard solutions of arachidonic acid, 6-keto PGF1
      alpha, PGF2 alpha, and PGE2, were spotted on silica gel-G plates for thin layer
      chromatography. Conversion of 14C-arachidonic acid to stable metabolite 6-keto
      PGF1 alpha was used as an index of PGI2 synthesis. Results shown: 1) PGI2 is the
      major PG synthesized by the rat artery wall; 2) PGI2 synthesis was increased 2.4
      times in the initial 6-day period of development of renovascular hypertension
      (RH); 3) no changes in PGI2 production were observed in arteries during the
      chronic 6-week period of RH; 4) abdominal vena cava has little or no capacity to
      produce PGI2. As PGI2 is a potent vasodilator, higher production by arteries
      during the 6-day period suggests that prostacyclin could play a modulator role on
      peripheral resistance during the initial phase of renal hypertension.

PMID- 6360882
TI  - Effect of furosemide on renal function in the stenotic and contralateral kidneys
      of patients with renovascular hypertension.
AB  - In a group of six patients diagnosed as having unilateral renovascular
      hypertension due to fibromuscular dysplasia, inulin glomerular filtration rate,
      (GFR) and PAH renal plasma flow, (RPF) clearances, urine flow (V), urine sodium
      (UVNa), potassium (UVK), urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 (UVPGE2),
      thromboxane B2 (UVTxB2), and 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha (UVPGF1 alpha) were
      measured in each kidney before and after the i.v. administration of furosemide
      (20 mg). The basal values of GFR, RPF, UVNa, UVPGE2, UVTxB2, and UV6-keto-PGF1
      alpha were lower (p less than 0.01) in the stenotic kidney. Furosemide increased
      RPF 11% and 50%, GFR 25% and 62%, and V 142% and 280% in the contralateral and
      stenotic kidney respectively. The increase of UVNa was similar in the two
      kidneys. In the stenotic kidney, both UVPGE2 and UV6-keto-PGF1 alpha increased
      significantly (p less than 0.01) with furosemide while UVTxB2 remained unchanged.
      Furosemide did not alter the rate of excretion of the three prostaglandins
      measured in the contralateral kidney. We conclude that furosemide significantly
      improves renal circulatory and excretory function of the stenotic kidney. Since
      prostaglandin excretions also increased, the vasodilatation in the stenotic
      kidney may be prostaglandin mediated.

PMID- 6360883
TI  - Abnormalities of membrane transport in hypertension.
AB  - In this review, postulated passive and active fluxes of sodium, potassium, and
      calcium across the sarcolemma of the normal vascular smooth muscle cell are first
      summarized. Some practical problems encountered in their measurement are also
      mentioned. The review then considers how these fluxes appear to be altered in
      various forms of hypertension in animals and humans. Emphasis is given to
      abnormal fluxes of sodium and potassium due to altered sodium pump activity and
      permeability. Increasing evidence indicates that sodium retention due to
      increased sodium intake or decreased sodium excretion causes hypertension by
      releasing a humoral pressor substance from brain. This substance, which may be
      the putative natriuretic hormone, inhibits Na+, K+-ATPase and sodium pump
      activities in blood vessels and heart, thereby increasing contractile activity.
      In the genetic models of hypertension, the primary defect appears to be increased
      permeability of the vascular smooth muscle cell wall to sodium; pump activity
      increases to compensate for the increased inward leak of sodium. This may also be
      the case in patients with heritable essential hypertension. The possible
      consequences of super-imposing the sodium pump inhibitor on the primary defect
      are also considered. This may occur when animals with genetic hypertension or
      patients with heritable essential hypertension retain sodium subsequent to
      increased sodium intake and/or decreased ability to excrete sodium. Such
      superimposition should raise intracellular sodium concentration to high levels
      since now the pump would not fully compensate for the increased inward leak of
      sodium.

PMID- 6360885
TI  - Anteroventral third ventricle and renin-angiotensin system interaction in the two
      kidney, one clip hypertensive rat.
AB  - To test the peripheral mechanisms of prevention and reversal of two-kidney, one
      clip (2K1C) hypertension in the rat by lesion of the anteroventral third
      ventricle (AV3V) region, we studied blood pressure responses in rats to AV3V
      lesion produced before (n = 8) or after (n = 8) clipping the left renal artery.
      Two groups of sham-lesioned, clipped rats (n = 9 each) served as controls. At the
      end of the experiments, saralasin and captopril were given to evaluate the
      angiotensin-dependent component of blood pressure. To study the influence of the
      procedures on plasma renin activity (PRA), two parallel groups of rats (n = 26
      and 24, respectively) were submitted to similar surgical protocols. We observed
      that increases in blood pressure were significantly smaller in the previously
      lesioned compared to previously sham-lesioned animals (delta BP = 21.5 +/- 3.7
      vs. 32.9 +/- 2.5 mm Hg, p less than 0.01); also, AV3V lesion almost completely
      reversed hypertension (BP from 167.5 +/- 2.9 to 136.0 +/- 4.1 mm Hg, p less than
      0.001), which was not observed in the sham-lesioned animals (BP from 172.0 +/-
      2.8 to 168 +/- 2.7 mm Hg, NS). Saralasin produced a significantly smaller
      decrease in BP in the lesioned animals compared to those with sham lesions during
      both prevention and reversal experiments. Similar results were observed with
      captopril. Previous AV3V lesion did not significantly affect PRA with clipping of
      the renal artery, but AV3V destruction after hypertension had been established
      resulted in significantly lower PRA compared to sham-lesioned animals (4.58 +/-
      0.72 vs 8.38 +/- 1.79, respectively, p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6360884
TI  - Neurogenic actions of angiotensin II.
AB  - It has become increasingly evident that blood-borne angiotensin II has major
      effects upon brain cardiovascular centers. With the discovery of an angiotensin I
      forming enzyme or isoenzymes in the central nervous system of mammals,
      alternative concepts have emerged regarding the role of this peptide in the
      regulation of central adrenoreceptor activity, pituitary function, and
      hydromineral metabolism. These concepts are reviewed, and a framework for future
      research is suggested by the author.

PMID- 6360886
TI  - Centenary of discovery of cholera vibrio.

PMID- 6360887
TI  - The clarification of the etiology of Asiatic cholera by the German cholera
      commission under the direction of Robert Koch in the year 1983--1984.

PMID- 6360888
TI  - Hyperoxia stimulates alveolar macrophages to produce and release a factor which
      increases neutrophil adherence.
AB  - Hyperoxia stimulates alveolar macrophages (AM) to make and release a factor which
      increases neutrophil adherence to nylon fiber. Production of the neutrophil
      adherence-stimulating factory by AM exposed to hyperoxia is maximal after AM have
      been exposed to hyperoxia for 72 h and requires protein synthesis by intact AM.
      The adherence factor is heat-labile and by column chromatography elutes in a
      molecular-weight range of approximately 8000-18,000 daltons. The lungs of animals
      exposed to hyperoxia and contribute to neutrophil-mediated lung injury from
      hyperoxia.

PMID- 6360889
TI  - Production of macrophage activation factors by tryptic cleavage of calf serum
      proteins.
AB  - Trypsin, when added to a bioassay for tumoricidal macrophages, produced killing
      of tumor cells. Trypsin cleaved fetal calf serum proteins to produce a protein
      fragment that activated macrophages to lyse tumor cells. Diisopropyl
      fluorophosphate-inhibited trypsin did not produce tumoricidal macrophages either
      by direct action on the macrophage or by action on serum proteins. The macrophage
      activation factors produced from serum proteins were fractionated into molecular
      weight ranges of 150,000, 68,000, and 30,000-5000. The effects of neutral
      proteinases and proteinase inhibitors on the ability of macrophages to lyse tumor
      cells is discussed.

PMID- 6360890
TI  - Immunoglobulin A proteases in gram-negative bacteria isolated from human urinary
      tract infections.
AB  - Several strains of gram-negative bacteria (seven genera, eight species) isolated
      from patients with urinary tract infections were found to hydrolyze myeloma
      immunoglobulin A (IgA) protein. Human IgG and IgM and colostrum IgA were not
      degraded by these organisms. Examination of cleavage digests showed two fragments
      of different electrophoretic mobilities, with antigenic reactivity and sodium
      dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles consistent with their
      identification as Fc and Fab components. The immunoelectrophoresis patterns of
      cleavage digests suggested that the proteases responsible for this hydrolysis may
      be dissimilar in the specificity of their IgA cleavage sites.

PMID- 6360891
TI  - Molecular analysis of immunoglobulins M and G immune response to protein antigens
      of Treponema pallidum in human syphilis.
AB  - Protein antigens of Treponema pallidum precipitated by immunoglobulin M (IgM) and
      IgG antibodies of sera from patients with untreated primary and secondary
      syphilis as well as treated secondary syphilis were characterized on a molecular
      basis. T. pallidum was labeled internally with [35S]methionine and solubilized in
      0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate-1% Triton X-100. Sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on 12.5% gels followed by autoradiography
      revealed 32 distinct proteins with molecular weights between 13,500 and 200,000.
      Twenty-three proteins of T. pallidum with molecular weights between 15,500 and
      115,000 were identified as antigens by double antibody radioimmunoprecipitation
      with IgM and IgG antibodies of sera from syphilitic patients. The molecular
      analysis of the IgM and IgG immune response to T. pallidum in human syphilis is
      in accord with earlier immunological observations. Finally, utilizing syphilitic
      human sera, we characterized 15 protein antigens of T. pallidum that are common
      to Treponema phagedenis by partial absorption of IgM and IgG antibodies with an
      ultrasonicate of T. phagedenis.

PMID- 6360893
TI  - Biological activities of Eikenella corrodens outer membrane and
      lipopolysaccharide.
AB  - Highly purified preparations of the outer membrane and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
      of Eikenella corrodens strain ATCC 23834 and the outer membrane fraction (OMF) of
      strain 470 were tested in in vitro biological assays. The OMFs of both strains
      were found to be mitogenic for BDF and C3H/HeJ murine splenocytes. The E.
      corrodens LPS was mitogenic for BDF spleen cells; however, doses of LPS as high
      as 50 micrograms/ml failed to stimulate C3H/HeJ cells. When incubated with T
      lymphocyte-depleted C3H/HeJ splenocytes, the strain 23834 OMF demonstrated
      significant mitogenic activity, indicating that the OMF is a B-cell mitogen by a
      mechanism other than that elicited by conventional LPS. The E. corrodens 23834
      OMF and LPS were stimulators of bone resorption when tested in organ cultures of
      fetal rat long bones. In contrast, the strain 470 OMF was only weakly
      stimulatory. Both OMFs and LPSs demonstrated "endotoxic" activity, since as
      little as 0.062 micrograms of E. corrodens LPS and 0.015 micrograms of the OMFs
      induced gelation in the Limulus amebocyte clotting assay. Thus, despite having a
      "nonclassical" LPS biochemistry, the E. corrodens LPS elicits classical endotoxic
      activities. These results also indicate that the surface structures of E.
      corrodens have significant biological activities as measured in vitro. The
      expression of such activities in vivo may play an important role in the
      pathogenesis of periodontitis as well as other E. corrodens infections.

PMID- 6360892
TI  - Isolation and characterization of the outer membrane and lipopolysaccharide from
      Eikenella corrodens.
AB  - The chemical composition of the outer membrane fractions (OMFs) of Eikenella
      corrodens strains 23834 and 470 as well as the strain 23834 lipopolysaccharide
      (LPS) was determined. The OMFs were obtained by Triton X-100 treatment of the
      heavier membrane fraction from sucrose density centrifugation of the total
      membrane fraction. The resulting OMFs of strains 23834 and 470, free of
      cytoplasmic membrane components, were found to contain 69.6 and 75.0% (wt/wt)
      protein, 4.8 and 9.2% lipid, 4.6 and 4.7% carbohydrate, and 2.0 and 4.6% muramic
      acid, respectively. By sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      both OMFs contained one major peptide determined to be 33,500 daltons for the
      strain 23834 OMF, and 37,500 daltons for the strain 470 OMF. Analysis of the OMF
      fatty acids revealed hexadecanoic, hexadecenoic, octadecenoic, and lesser amounts
      of octadecanoic acids. Transmission electron microscopic examination of the OMFs
      revealed typical large sheets of membrane. Structures (10 nm in diameter)
      resembling pores were also evident. The E. corrodens LPS was found to be composed
      of 34.5% (wt/wt) carbohydrate and 25.0% lipid A. Only minute amounts of 2-keto-3
      deoxyoctonate and heptose could be detected. Fatty acid analysis revealed
      primarily octadecanoic and hexadecanoic acids, with lesser amounts of
      octadecenoic acid. No hydroxy fatty acids were detected. Sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed the E. corrodens LPS to
      resemble other smooth-type LPSs. Transmission electron microscopic examination
      revealed a vesicle-like morphology. The E. corrodens LPS appears not to be a
      "classical," i.e., enteric, type of LPS.

PMID- 6360894
TI  - Generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the phenolic
      glycolipid of Mycobacterium leprae.
AB  - Nine cloned cell lines producing antibodies to the unique phenolic glycolipid of
      Mycobacterium leprae have been established as a result of fusions with spleens
      from mice immunized with the glycolipid complexed with methylated bovine serum
      albumin. One of the antibodies was relatively nonspecific, binding to a related
      glycolipid from Mycobacterium kansasii, but the remaining antibodies were
      specific for the M. leprae lipid. Some of the antibodies required the intact
      (trisaccharide) carbohydrate portion for recognition of the glycolipid antigen,
      whereas others recognized partially hydrolyzed forms lacking one or two sugar
      residues. Monoclonal antibodies directed at the terminal saccharide of the
      glycolipid showed the greatest specificity for M. leprae in enzyme-linked
      immunoassays. These antibodies brightly labeled whole mycobacteria in indirect
      immunofluorescence experiments, demonstrating the surface location of M. leprae
      specific determinants of the glycolipid antigen. In addition to their use in
      providing information about the antigenic properties of the phenolic glycolipid,
      these antibodies have potential applications for elucidating the roles of
      glycolipid in the pathogenesis of leprosy.

PMID- 6360895
TI  - Temperature-dependent expression of virulence genes in Shigella species.
AB  - The pathogenicity of Shigella spp. involves the ability of the bacteria to
      penetrate and replicate within the epithelial cells of the large intestine. Model
      systems for examining the virulence of shigellae employ Henle intestinal
      epithelial cells in tissue culture and an in vivo assay for virulence in guinea
      pig eyes (Sereny test). Using these systems, we studied the genetic and
      physiological bases for the ability of shigellae to invade epithelial cells. We
      found that expression of virulence in Shigella spp. is dependent on the
      temperature at which the bacteria are grown. When grown at 37 degrees C, strains
      of Shigella flexneri 2a, Shigella sonnei, and Shigella dysenteriae 1 were fully
      virulent and invaded Henle cells. They also produced keratoconjunctivitis in
      guinea pigs. When grown at 30 degrees C, the bacteria neither penetrated Henle
      cells nor produced conjunctivitis in the Sereny test and were phenotypically
      avirulent. Strains grown at 33 degrees C were only partially invasive in the
      Henle assay, whereas strains grown at 35 degrees C were as invasive as strains
      grown at 37 degrees C. Using the Henle cell assay, we determined that the loss of
      ability to penetrate epithelial cells was completely reversed by shifting the
      growth temperature from 30 to 37 degrees C. The percentage of Henle cells invaded
      by bacteria increased with increasing time of growth at 37 degrees C. Restoration
      of invasiveness after growth at 30 degrees C required protein synthesis. When
      shigellae were grown at 30 degrees C and shifted to 37 degrees C for 2 h in the
      presence of chloramphenicol, the bacteria remained noninvasive. Similarly treated
      bacteria grown at 37 degrees C were still invasive. These results suggested that
      expression of one or more genes required for virulence of Shigella spp. are
      subject to regulation by growth temperature.

PMID- 6360896
TI  - A Cytophaga species endotoxin as a putative agent of occupation-related lung
      disease.
AB  - A previous study suggested that a biologically active bacterial endotoxin was a
      putative agent of lung disease in a textile-producing facility. The endotoxin was
      isolated from the biomass growing in a chilled-water spray air humidification
      system. The bacterial flora of the air humidification system were isolated and
      taxonomically identified to the genus level. By using indirect immunofluorescence
      assays, a serologically reactive Cytophaga species was identified. A
      serologically reactive, biologically active (Limulus assay) endotoxin was
      purified from phenol extracts of the Cytophaga species. The endotoxin contained
      sugars, hexosamines, and lipids identical to those found in the humidifier
      biomass endotoxin. All subjects with biopsy-proven and suspected lung disease had
      antibodies directed toward the purified Cytophaga endotoxin. The data suggest
      that the Cytophaga endotoxin is the putative agent of lung disease in the textile
      facility.

PMID- 6360897
TI  - Polyamine oxidase-mediated intraerythrocytic killing of Plasmodium falciparum:
      evidence against the role of reactive oxygen metabolites.
AB  - The polyamines spermine and spermidine, in the presence of polyamine oxidase,
      were shown to be cytotoxic in vitro to various isolates of Plasmodium falciparum.
      Neither polyamines nor polyamine oxidase alone was cytotoxic. This cytotoxicity
      was manifested by the degeneration of the parasites into crisis forms and by the
      inhibition of methionine incorporation by the parasites. Only 2 to 2.5 h of
      exposure to the reaction mixture (polyamine oxidase, 100 micrograms/ml; spermine,
      1 mM) resulted in parasite death. It was shown that ammonia, hydrogen peroxide,
      and associated reactive oxygen intermediates produced during the oxidation of
      polyamines were not the cause of the parasite death observed in this system. This
      suggested that aldehydes or further breakdown products of these, e.g., acrolein
      (or both), need to be considered as the effector substances of the polyamine
      oxidase-mediated killing of P. falciparum.

PMID- 6360899
TI  - Inhibition of blood clearance and hepatic tissue binding of Escherichia coli by
      liver lectin-specific sugars and glycoproteins.
AB  - The effects of sugars and glycoproteins that are known to bind to lectins of
      liver tissue on the clearance of cells of Escherichia coli from mouse blood was
      investigated. The administration of 100 mg per mouse of methyl-alpha-D-mannoside,
      methyl-alpha-D-glucoside, or methyl-alpha-D-fucoside, but not of methyl-alpha-D
      galactoside or L-rhamnose, markedly inhibited the blood clearance of cells of E.
      coli 346. Clearance was similarly inhibited by 0.1 and 1.0 mg per mouse of
      asialofetuin or ovalbumin, respectively, whereas fetuin had no effect. The
      inhibitory effects of the sugars on blood clearance was abolished by pretreating
      the E. coli cells with antibodies against whole organisms. All of these effects
      were equal for fimbriated and nonfimbriated phenotypes of E. coli 346.
      Homogenates of mouse liver tissue coaggregated with nonfimbriated cells of E.
      coli. The aggregation was blocked by 100 mM solutions of methyl-alpha-D
      mannoside, or methyl-alpha-D-glucoside, 1 mg of bacterial lipopolysaccharide per
      ml, or 10 mM EDTA but not by L-rhamnose. These results suggest that the mannose-N
      acetylglucosamine hepatic lectin recognizes specific sugars on the surface of E.
      coli and may be centrally involved in the nonimmune clearance of nonfimbriated E.
      coli from the blood of the infected host.

PMID- 6360898
TI  - Chemical synthesis and serology of disaccharides and trisaccharides of phenolic
      glycolipid antigens from the leprosy bacillus and preparation of a disaccharide
      protein conjugate for serodiagnosis of leprosy.
AB  - We examined the structural requirements within the species-specific 3,6-di-O
      methyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-2,3-di-O-methyl- alpha-L
      rhamnopyranosyl-(1 leads to 2)-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranose unit of the
      phenolic glycolipid I antigen of Mycobacterium leprae for binding to anti
      glycolipid immunoglobulin M from human leprosy sera. We used chemically defined,
      partially deglycosylated fragments of phenolic glycolipid I, two other minor M.
      leprae-specific phenolic glycolipids (those containing 6-O-methyl-beta-D
      glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-2,3-di-O-methyl-alpha- L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 leads
      to 2)-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranose and 3,6-di-O-methyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl
      (1 leads to 4)-3-O-methyl-alpha- L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 leads to 2)-3-O-methyl
      alpha-rhamnopyranose units), and phenolic glycolipids from other mycobacteria.
      Additionally, the trisaccharide of phenolic glycolipid I, the 3,6-di-O-methyl
      beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-2, 3-di-O-methyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranose, the
      6-O-methyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-2,3-di-O-methyl-alpha- L
      rhamnopyranose, and the beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-2,3-di-O-methyl
      alpha- L-rhamnopyranose disaccharides were synthesized and characterized, and
      their activities were examined. Only the phenolic glycolipids containing 3,6-di-O
      methyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl at the nonreducing terminus were efficient in
      binding the anti-glycolipid immunoglobulin M, and the 3,6-di-O-methyl-beta-D
      glucopyranosyl-containing di- and trisaccharides were the most effective in
      inhibiting this binding. Thus, the 3,6-di-O-methyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl
      substituent was recognized as the primary antigen determinant in phenolic
      glycolipid I. With this information, bovine serum albumin containing reductively
      aminated 3,6-di-O-methyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-2,3-di-O-methyl- L
      rhamnose was prepared and shown to be highly active in the serodiagnosis of
      leprosy.

PMID- 6360900
TI  - Specific and common antigens of Trichomonas vaginalis detected by monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies to Trichomonas vaginalis were prepared by immunizing mice
      with a cloned isolate of T. vaginalis. Eight antibodies reacted with the same
      four isolates or strains but did not react with the other T. vaginalis strains or
      isolates tested. All eight antibodies reacted uniformly with both the body and
      flagella of T. vaginalis in the immunofluorescence assay but were unreactive by
      immunoblotting. The antigen(s) recognized by these antibodies was determined to
      be present on the surface membrane by indirect immunofluorescence assay of live
      organisms. The antigen(s) was found to be sensitive to periodate oxidation but
      resistant to pronase digestion. In addition, one monoclonal antibody was derived
      which reacted with all T. vaginalis isolates or strains tested, as well as with
      Trichomonas gallinae, Tritrichomonas foetus, and Giardia lamblia. This antibody
      reacted with the body but not the flagella of Formalin-fixed protozoa in the
      immunofluorescence assay but failed to react with live organisms. The antigen was
      found to be periodate resistant but pronase labile. In the immunoblot assay, this
      antibody detected a single T. vaginalis polypeptide with a molecular weight of
      62,000.

PMID- 6360901
TI  - Plasmodium falciparum: protein antigens identified by analysis of serum samples
      from vaccinated Aotus monkeys.
AB  - Serum samples from Aotus trivirgatus subsp. griseimembra monkeys obtained at
      different stages of a vaccination experiment were analyzed for total antibody
      titer to Plasmodium falciparum and were used for identifying protective antigens
      of the human malaria parasite. Total malarial antibody titers were higher in
      serum samples from protected monkeys (vaccinated with antigen in an adjuvant)
      than in those from unprotected monkeys (vaccinated with either antigen or
      adjuvant only). Parasite proteins were labeled with [3H]isoleucine, solubilized
      with nonionic detergent, and reacted with immune Aotus sera. Immunoprecipitates
      obtained were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and fluorography. Thirteen protein antigen bands in the molecular
      weight range 73,000 to 180,000 were resolved. Serum samples obtained from
      protected Aotus monkeys reacted more intensely with these proteins than samples
      from unprotected monkeys did. Evidence is presented that the protective antigen
      is not a single, normally nonimmunogenic, protein that is recognized only in
      protected monkeys. Rather, the present data indicate that a heightened immune
      response to multiple proteins correlated with in vivo protection to P. falciparum
      in Aotus monkeys. This finding may have a significant bearing on strategies for
      the development of a human P. falciparum vaccine.

PMID- 6360902
TI  - Effect of ammonia on in vivo and in vitro immune responses.
AB  - The effects of exposure of animals to ammonia on their delayed type of dermal
      response, the mitogenic and antigenic responses of their lymphocytes, and the
      bactericidal and phagocytic activities of their alveolar macrophages were
      examined. Experimental guinea pigs vaccinated with Mycobacterium bovis BCG were
      exposed to 3.75 micrograms of ammonia per dl of air (50 ppm) or 6.75 micrograms
      of ammonia per dl of air (90 ppm), whereas control animals also vaccinated with
      BCG were maintained in the normal environment. The delayed type of dermal
      response to tuberculin injected 3 weeks later was significantly (P less than
      0.05) less in experimental animals exposed to 6.75 micrograms of ammonia per dl
      than in control animals. In vitro, the response of blood lymphocytes and
      bronchial lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and tuberculin
      stimulation was significantly (P less than 0.01) less than the response of
      lymphocytes from control animals. The response of normal blood lymphocytes to
      phytohemagglutinin incubated in medium containing 1 or 10 mg of ammonia per dl
      was significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced as compared with the response of
      lymphocytes incubated without ammonia. The viability of lymphocytes incubated
      with these concentrations of ammonia was significantly (P less than 0.01)
      affected. There was no significant difference in the bactericidal or phagocytic
      activities of alveolar macrophages collected from animals exposed to ammonia and
      control animals. However, ammonia added to the culture of alveolar macrophages
      from normal animals significantly inhibited their bactericidal activity.

PMID- 6360903
TI  - Legionella pneumophila-induced blastogenesis of murine lymphoid cells in vitro.
AB  - Legionella pneumophilia antigen preparations, either killed whole cell vaccine, a
      soluble sonic extract, or a purified large-molecular-weight somatic antigen,
      stimulated blastogenic responses by splenocytes from both normal and Legionella
      sensitized mice. Graded amounts of the bacterial preparations, when added to
      cultures of normal spleen cells, resulted in increased uptake of thymidine into
      cellular DNA, indicating that the preparations were mitogenic for normal mouse
      splenocytes. Spleen cells from mice injected with graded numbers of living
      bacteria showed blastogenic responsiveness to Legionella preparations generally
      at a higher level than spleen cells from normal animals. The heightened
      blastogenic response was mainly evident with spleen cells obtained from mice
      injected with living bacteria 2 to 3 weeks earlier. Splenocytes from mice
      infected with legionella less than 1 to 2 weeks or for more than 4 to 5 weeks
      responded generally similar to those obtained from uninjected mice, indicating
      that sensitization with living organisms had a relatively short duration. Spleen
      cell suspensions responding to the L. pneumophila antigens appeared to be mainly
      B-lymphocytes since cell suspensions from athymic nude mice deficient in T-cells
      responded as well as cells from conventional mice. Furthermore, passage of
      splenocytes over nylon wool columns to obtain B-cell-enriched preparations
      resulted in cell populations capable of responding to Legionella antigen. The
      cell fractions rich in T-cells were much less capable of responding to the
      Legionella antigens. In addition, treatment of spleen cell populations with
      antitheta serum plus complement failed to inhibit the blastogenic response,
      whereas the same spleen cell preparations treated with anti-mouse immunoglobulin
      serum plus complement markedly diminished blastogenic responsiveness, again
      consistent with the likelihood that B-lymphocytes were the major cell class
      responding to the Legionella preparations.

PMID- 6360904
TI  - Correlation of elastase production by some strains of Aspergillus fumigatus with
      ability to cause pulmonary invasive aspergillosis in mice.
AB  - Seventy-five strains of Aspergillus fumigatus were screened for production of
      elastase in liquid and agar media containing elastin in yeast carbon base
      buffered with 0.05 M borate, pH 7.6. Of 71 strains which cleared elastin in agar
      plates, 33 produced elastase in liquid medium, as measured spectrophotometrically
      with elastin-Congo red. Six strains producing elastase and four nonproducers were
      tested for ability to cause invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised mice (six
      mice per strain). All 36 mice exposed to elastase-producing strains died within
      48 to 96 h. Lung tissue from dead mice showed hyphae and necrosis of the alveoli.
      Lungs of mice exposed to spores of strains not producing elastase showed few
      germinated spores and no destruction of alveoli. These results indicate that
      elastase may be significant in the invasion process.

PMID- 6360905
TI  - A small plasmid in Shigella dysenteriae 1 specifies one or more functions
      essential for O antigen production and bacterial virulence.
AB  - The role of plasmids in the virulence of Shigella dysenteriae 1 W30864, which
      contains at least five species, was investigated. By means of a standard plasmid
      curing procedure, that is, bacterial cultivation at an elevated temperature, five
      virulence-deficient derivatives were obtained. One of these lacked a small, 6
      megadalton plasmid, designated pHW400, exhibited reduced invasiveness for HeLa
      cells, and failed to produce the somatic antigen. Transposon tagging of the
      pHW400 plasmid to produce pHW401 and the transfer of this derivative into a
      variant of strain W30864 lacking pHW400 confirmed the conclusion that the pHW400
      plasmid encodes one or more functions involved in O antigen (lipopolysaccharide)
      biosynthesis and bacterial virulence. A plasmid of similar size was detected in
      all of the three other strains of S. dysenteriae 1 examined.

PMID- 6360906
TI  - Loss of pigmentation in Shigella flexneri 2a is correlated with loss of virulence
      and virulence-associated plasmid.
AB  - In this study, we examined the relationship between the virulence of Shigella
      flexneri 2a and the ability of strains of S. flexneri 2a to absorb Congo red.
      Spontaneous nonpigmented (i.e., unable to bind Congo red [Pcr-]) derivatives of a
      virulent, pigmented (Pcr+) strain of S. flexneri 2a were isolated and assayed for
      virulence as determined by their ability to invade epithelial cells. All Pcr-
      mutants examined lost the ability to invade epithelial cells and were thus
      avirulent. Agarose gel electrophoresis of plasmid DNA from these avirulent, Pcr-
      mutants showed that the majority of these strains had lost a plasmid band
      corresponding to a virulence-associated plasmid, pSf2a140. In many of the
      mutants, concomitant loss of pigmentation, virulence, and pSf2a140 was
      accompanied by the appearance of a new plasmid, smaller than pSf2a140. We believe
      these new plasmids to be deletion derivatives of pSf2a140 and that loss of
      pigmentation and loss of virulence are associated with deletions in pSf2a140. We
      transduced Pcr- mutants to Pcr+ and isolated transductants which suppressed the
      Pcr- phenotype. None of the Pcr+ transductants regained the ability to invade
      epithelial cells. Several suppressors of the Pcr- phenotype were identified as
      mutations in cell wall biosynthesis. These results support our belief that
      although pigmentation is usually associated with virulence, genetic determinants
      unrelated to virulence can also affect the ability of the cell to bind Congo red.
      Therefore, the ability of S. flexneri 2a to bind Congo red does not necessarily
      imply the ability to invade epithelial cells. However, loss of ability to bind
      Congo red is accompanied by loss of virulence.

PMID- 6360907
TI  - Experimental Klebsiella pneumoniae burn wound sepsis: role of capsular
      polysaccharide.
AB  - The role of Klebsiella pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide in relation to
      virulence in a murine burn wound sepsis model was investigated. Burn trauma
      markedly predisposed mice to lethal K. pneumoniae sepsis. A highly encapsulated
      variant (KP1-O) derived from K. pneumoniae KP1 was found to be extremely virulent
      for burned mice (50% lethal dose less than 10 organisms), whereas another variant
      (KP1-T), which possessed a much smaller capsule, was comparatively nonvirulent
      (50% lethal dose greater than 10(6) organisms). Production of large quantities of
      capsular material by KP1-O allowed for its rapid growth in vivo and persistence
      in the blood and liver. These traits were not demonstrated by KP1-T, which was
      effectively cleared after challenge.

PMID- 6360908
TI  - Malaria vaccine antigen(s): detergent solubilization, partial isolation, and
      recovery of immunoprotective activity.
AB  - Plasmodium berghei-infected erythrocytes were solubilized with the nonionic
      detergent n-octyl glucoside and membrane-containing P. berghei fragments with
      either n-octyl glucoside or the ionic detergent sodium deoxycholate.
      Unsolubilized material was separated by centrifugation, and the detergent was
      removed from the respective supernatants by gel filtration. Reaggregated
      components in the respective void volume eluates acted as a specific vaccine in
      recipient mice, resulting in a dose-related accelerated elimination of infection
      and increased survival after challenge with the homologous parasite.

PMID- 6360909
TI  - Bacterial translocation from the gastrointestinal tracts of rats receiving
      thermal injury.
AB  - Rats receiving nonlethal thermal burns over 20 or 40% of their total body surface
      area were tested at various intervals for the translocation of indigenous
      bacteria from their gastrointestinal tracts to their mesenteric lymph nodes,
      peritoneal cavities, and bloodstreams. No indigenous bacteria were cultured from
      these organs of control rats or from rats receiving 20% burns. However, 44% of
      the rats receiving 40% burns exhibited viable Escherichia coli, Proteus
      mirabilis, Staphylococcus sp. and Clostridium sp. in their mesenteric lymph nodes
      2 days after thermal injury. Bacterial translocation after burn stress also was
      tested in antibiotic-decontaminated rats monoassociated with E. coli. E. coli
      attained population levels in these animals of 10(8) to 10(9) per g cecum. E.
      coli translocated to 100% of the mesenteric lymph nodes of both the control and
      40% burned rats. However, E. coli translocated at a greater incidence to the
      spleens, livers, and peritoneal cavities of the burned rats compared with
      translocation to these organs in control rats. The numbers of E. coli
      translocating to the mesenteric lymph nodes, spleens, and livers also were
      greater in the 40% burned rats than in control rats. By 14 days after thermal
      injury, the rats were able to clear E. coli from their spleens and livers, and
      the infection remained localized in the mesenteric lymph nodes. These results
      support the concept that the indigenous gastrointestinal flora or exogenous
      organisms colonizing the gastrointestinal tract are potential sources of
      septicemia after thermal injury.

PMID- 6360910
TI  - Evaluation of Mycobacterium leprae immunogenicity via adoptive transfer studies.
AB  - The immune response of mice to live, heat-killed, or autoclaved Mycobacterium
      leprae was investigated. After sensitization with 10(7) organisms in each group,
      recipient mice were transfused with the sensitized splenocytes 28 days later. A
      selected number of these mice were infected with 5 X 10(3) M. leprae, and the
      remaining animals were sacrificed at scheduled intervals for evidence of cell
      mediated immunity to the M. leprae cell extract. Data from these and the
      bacteriological assays showed that all three materials induce cell-mediated
      immunity and also extend protection against the M. leprae challenge but not
      against a Listeria monocytogenes challenge. Adoptive immunity against M. leprae
      was expressed equally effectively in both non-irradiated animals and those
      sublethally (500 R) irradiated. This study reveals that, after adoptive transfer
      of immunity, a bacillary restriction occurs with concomitant onset of delayed
      hypersensitivity and that the protection observed could be specifically directed
      against an M. leprae challenge.

PMID- 6360912
TI  - A review of surgical procedures designed to increase the functional height of the
      resorbed alveolar ridge.
AB  - By raising the alveolar ridge, relatively or absolutely, in partially or totally
      edentulous patients, preprosthetic surgery makes possible an improvement in the
      bed for the denture. Raising the height of the ridge, relatively, by deepening
      the sulci surrounding the jaw, can be achieved by vestibuloplasty and grafts to
      the floor of the mouth. However, for these procedures it is essential that there
      still be sufficient bone (at least 20 mm in the mandible). Long term observations
      show that the main problem is a reduction in the vestibular depth initially
      obtained by surgery. The most durable results follow vestibuloplasties with free
      skin or mucosal grafts, the latter being preferred. If resorption or atrophy is
      far advanced the jaw bone has to be reconstructed, so that an absolute increase
      in the ridge height is the aim. This is secured by onlay grafting, preferably of
      autologous bone, or inlay grafting (sandwich technique: horizontal osteotomy with
      bone interposition). In the lower jaw there is also the possibility of
      'displacement grafting' (visor osteotomy: vertical osteotomy and visor-like
      displacement) and grafting to the lower border in cases of extreme mandibular
      atrophy. In the long term onlay grafts show a high degree of resorption; in
      appropriate circumstances, the results of the other methods are encouraging. A
      feature common to all procedures is a greater or lesser functional disturbance of
      the mental nerve.

PMID- 6360911
TI  - Pathogenesis of experimental salmonellosis: inhibition of protein synthesis by
      cytotoxin.
AB  - Salmonella cytotoxin present in cell lysates inhibited protein synthesis in both
      Vero cells and isolated rabbit intestinal epithelial cells. A time-course
      experiment with Vero cells revealed progressive inhibition of protein synthesis
      beginning as early as 1 h after exposure to the Salmonella cell lysate.
      Significant loss of membrane integrity of Vero cells (measured by release of
      [3H]uridine) did not appear before 24 h. To demonstrate inhibited protein
      synthesis in intestinal tissue during experimental salmonellosis, we isolated
      rabbit epithelial cells from Salmonella-infected and control intestinal loops.
      Measurement of [3H]leucine incorporation showed a similar decrease in protein
      synthesis in epithelial cells from the Salmonella-infected intestinal loop as
      that from an adjacent control loop. A similar pattern of protein synthesis
      inhibition was observed when isolated epithelial cells from normal rabbit
      intestine were exposed to the Salmonella cell lysate. The inhibited protein
      synthesis in the intestinal cells provides a molecular basis for the cellular
      damage caused by Salmonella cytotoxin during experimental salmonellosis.

PMID- 6360913
TI  - Progress in implant research.
AB  - Recent surveys have gone some way towards clarifying the clinical role of dental
      implants, whilst laboratory based research has highlighted many of the
      fundamental factors which may influence their success and failure. Because a
      periodontal ligament does not form around these devices bony ankylosis of an
      implant is generally accepted as desirable, whilst the formation of a fibrous
      capsule usually precedes implant failure. Tissue reactions to implants may be
      influenced by site preparation and implant material and design. At present most
      dental implants are fabricated from titanium or titanium alloys and cobalt
      chromium based alloys, although there is much interest in the use of ceramics,
      carbons and glasses. Considerable research is being directed towards the
      development of implants which will control the loading of the surrounding bone so
      as to prevent its resorption but despite these advances, dental implants are not
      yet suitable for routine clinical use.

PMID- 6360914
TI  - The importance of the superstructure in oral implantology.
AB  - Long-term success in oral implantology depends on correct timing of temporary
      splinting, appropriate design and use of the right materials. Because of the
      differences in the connections between bone and implant and between bone and
      tooth, movable or rigid joints may be necessary to distribute the forces arising
      when the implant-tissue junction is stressed. Examples of different designs are
      given. Galvanic potentials have been shown to arise between metal implants and
      superstructures. The biological effects of the resulting currents have not been
      unequivocally determined.

PMID- 6360915
TI  - Causes of failure with intraosseous implants.

PMID- 6360916
TI  - Enhancement or inhibition of tumor growth by interferon: dependence on treatment
      protocol.
AB  - MSC cells are tumor cells originally induced in BALB/c mice by Moloney sarcoma
      virus. In these studies we demonstrated that, although these tumor cells are
      sensitive in vitro both to lysis by NK or NK-like cells and to the growth
      inhibitory effect of murine L-cell interferon (IFN), the growth of the tumor in
      vivo could be either inhibited or enhanced by IFN. The outcome of in vivo IFN
      treatment was dependent on the timing and route of IFN administration relative to
      tumor challenge. IFN given systematically at the same time as tumor challenge
      resulted in enhancement of primary tumor formation, rate of tumor growth and
      subsequent progressive tumor growth. In contrast, IFN administered at the site of
      tumor inoculation on days 1-3 after tumor challenge inhibited tumor formation and
      growth. Histopathology of tissue sections obtained from the site of tumor
      challenge confirmed these results. Similar studies performed in mice given 450
      rads of X-irradiation showed that IFN could still inhibit tumor growth when
      administered at the site of tumor inoculation on days 1-3 after tumor challenge.
      IFN administered simultaneously with tumor challenge, however, did not enhance
      tumor growth in irradiated mice. These results are consistent with the
      interpretation that 1) inhibition of MSC-induced tumor growth by IFN has a
      radioresistant component and 2) the enhancement of MSC-induced tumor formation by
      IFN is dependent on interaction with a radiosensitive population of cells,
      possibly lymphoid cells.

PMID- 6360917
TI  - Renin-aldosterone axis in ethanol intoxication during sodium and fluid repletion
      versus depletion.
AB  - Renin-aldosterone axis in acute moderate ethanol intoxication was studied in four
      healthy males during sodium depletion and during sodium and volume repletion.
      Ethanol (1.2 g/kg body wt) was taken orally in supine position at a steady rate
      for 90 min. In sodium-depleted subjects starting levels of plasma renin activity
      (PRA) and plasma aldosterone were increased as expected. During ethanol
      intoxication PRA rose further (p less than 0.001), whereas aldosterone showed a
      decreasing trend, albeit not significant. Thus, a dissociation between PRA and
      plasma aldosterone was noticed. Increased serum NA+/K+ ratio (p less than 0.02),
      or an inhibitory action of ethanol on aldosterone secretion, may explain the
      broken renin-aldosterone nexus. In the second experiment, the subjects were
      sodium replete. During ethanol intoxication, 1350-1420 ml isotonic NaCl was
      infused intravenously to compensate for fluid loss due to alcohol diuresis. In
      that experiment neither PRA nor plasma aldosterone showed significant changes.
      Thus, dehydration due to alcohol diuresis appears to be the main reason for
      increased PRA during ethanol intoxication. As in previous studies increased serum
      Na+/K+ ratio along with rising blood alcohol concentration was observed,
      independently of sodium and fluid balance.

PMID- 6360918
TI  - Renin-aldosterone axis in ethanol intoxication: effect of an ADH analogue
      (desaminocys1-D-arg8-vasopressin, DDAVP).
AB  - Plasma renin activity (PRA) is stimulated and renin-aldosterone nexus is broken
      in acute ethanol intoxication. Serial changes in renin-aldosterone axis were
      studied in five healthy males during moderate ethanol intoxication, while alcohol
      diuresis was prevented by 20 micrograms of an antidiuretic hormone analogue,
      desaminocys1-D-arg8-vasopressin (DDAVP), administered intranasally. The
      experiment was performed with the subject supine, and the amount of ethanol taken
      p.o., at a steady rate in 90 min, was 1.2 g/kg body weight, diluted with juice to
      20 vol% solution. DDAVP prevented the stimulation of PRA, suggesting that
      dehydration due to alcohol diuresis is the main reason for this phenomenon during
      ethanol intoxication. However, there still was a dissociation between PRA and
      aldosterone, which may be caused by increased serum Na+/K+ ratio or an inhibitory
      action of ethanol on aldosterone secretion.

PMID- 6360919
TI  - Biosynthetic human insulin: pharmacokinetics and effects in healthy human
      volunteers.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenously injected biosynthetic
      human insulin (0.06 U/kg) and purified pork insulin, both regular, were compared
      intraindividually in ten presumably healthy volunteers. Some of the
      pharmacokinetic parameters, e.g., the area under the insulinemia curve, the total
      plasma clearance, and insulin bioavailability, were similar, whereas insulin
      biologic half-life appeared to be longer and the apparent volume of insulin
      distribution larger with BHI. No appreciable difference between the two insulins
      was observed as far as their hypoglycemic effect and secretory inhibition of
      endogenous insulin (expressed as C-peptidemia) were concerned, but reactive
      hyperglucagonemia was found to be less with BHI than with PPI. These findings are
      discussed in the light of our current knowledge of BHI.

PMID- 6360920
TI  - John Snow, the broad street pump and modern epidemiology.
AB  - John Snow was a genius in epidemiology. His achievement was to evolve an elegant,
      internally and externally consistent theory which concerned the mechanisms and
      processes involved in every aspect of the subject he had chosen to study. In
      order to do this he did not restrict himself to any method. He used all skills
      available to himself and his colleagues. He published his theory, and practical
      suggestions for the prevention of cholera arising out it, both internally in
      medical meetings and to the medical press, and to the public in the form of
      pamphlets and in reports addressed to the appropriate authority. This surely
      should be the objective of all epidemiological work.

PMID- 6360921
TI  - Health interview surveys in developing countries: a review of the methods and
      results.
AB  - Health interview surveys are carried out to gain knowledge of people's perceived
      morbidity, their use of different kinds of health services, and their perceived
      need for health care. Many of such studies in less developed countries (LDCs)
      have failed to consider the methodological improvements which have been developed
      in health care research in recent years. In the first part of this paper the
      research on methodological issues is summarized and the inherent problems in
      health interview surveys are stressed. Some specific requirements for cross
      cultural research are described. The second part deals with health interview
      surveys carried out on a national, provincial and local level in LDCs.
      Recommendations for a standardization of the methodology are given.

PMID- 6360922
TI  - Diurnal profile of pancreatic polypeptide, pancreatic glucagon, gut glucagon and
      insulin in human morbid obesity.
AB  - The diurnal profiles of pancreatic glucagon, insulin, pancreatic polypeptide
      (PP), and enteroglucagon were studied in five obese non-diabetic subjects (195 +/
      11 per cent of ideal body weight) and in six age matched controls. All the
      subjects were served with ordinary mixed meals five times during the day. The
      obese subjects were normoglycemic but hyperinsulinemic. Both groups showed rapid
      increases in PP to all meals, but the PP-response was significantly impaired in
      the obese group during the first part of the day. Normal subjects showed
      significant enteroglucagon responses to all meals, and had elevated levels
      throughout the day. In obese subjects, levels and responses were much lower at
      all times. Pancreatic glucagon profiles were similar. It is concluded that the
      possible role of abnormalities of PP and enteroglucagon secretion in the
      pathogenesis of human obesity deserves further study.

PMID- 6360923
TI  - A double-blind evaluation of evening primrose oil as an antiobesity agent.
AB  - Evening Primrose Oil (EPO) is a naturally occurring rich source of essential
      fatty acids, especially linoleic and gamma-linolenic acid. It has been suggested
      that it has antiobesity properties. This double-blind 12-week study was
      undertaken in 100 women with substantial obesity: 40 with refractory obesity, and
      60 at time of initial referral to a hospital clinic. Seventy-four subjects
      completed the study. Those treated with EPO were comparable in age and degree of
      obesity with the placebo-treated group. There was no significant difference in
      the weight loss achieved by those taking EPO compared with placebo, either in the
      subjects with refractory obesity or in those treated at time of initial referral.
      It would appear that any antiobesity property possessed by EPO is clinically
      insignificant.

PMID- 6360924
TI  - Alterations of gastrin secretion in obese rats with ventromedial hypothalamic
      lesions.
AB  - Basal plasma gastrin levels were significantly higher in obese rats induced by
      ventromedial hypothalamic lesions (VMH rats) than in sham-operated controls.
      Gastrin secretion in response to insulin hypoglycemia and a liquid diet load was
      higher in VMH rats than in controls. The antral gastrin concentration was also
      elevated in VMH rats. Pair-fed rats with VMH lesions showed increased gastrin
      secretion as did the non-pair-fed group. These results show that gastrointestinal
      hormone secretions as well as pancreatic endocrine function are abnormal in obese
      rats with VMH lesions. Increased gastrin secretion is probably induced by factors
      other then hyperphagia, such as disturbance of the autonomic nervous system due
      to the VMH lesions.

PMID- 6360925
TI  - The Bancroft-Mackerras Medal of the Australian Society for Parasitology.

PMID- 6360926
TI  - Structural basis for the thermal stability of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenases.
AB  - The amino acid sequences of two thermophilic and five mesophilic glyceraldehyde-3
      phosphate dehydrogenases have been compared with the known three-dimensional
      structure of this enzyme to determine the factors responsible for thermal
      stability. The changes are greatest in the S-loop regions at the center of the
      tetramer, which show a quantitative increase in hydrophobicity and polarity that
      can strengthen subunit interactions in a complementary manner. The S-loops also
      show increases in residue volume and bulk that may indicate a tighter packing at
      the molecular center. In addition, there are changes in the secondary structural
      parameters indicating that the helices, in particular, may be more stable in the
      thermophilic proteins. Increases in the hydrophobicity of domain and subunit
      contacts for the Thermus aquaticus glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase may
      explain why it is the most thermostable protein in this series.

PMID- 6360927
TI  - Thymopentin (TP-5) potency in vivo is enhanced by slow infusion.
AB  - The in vivo activity of thymopentin in guinea pigs was assessed
      electromyographically 18 h after intravenous or subcutaneous injections or
      infusions ranging over varying periods of time. The lowest threshold dose
      required to establish a positive effect was obtained with a 30-60 min i.v.
      infusion (0.38-0.75 micrograms/kg) and we found that we needed X 5 times this
      dose with 30 min s.c. infusion, X 10 this dose with 10 min i.v. or s.c. infusion,
      X 200 this dose with bolus IV injection and X 400 this dose with bolus s.c.
      injection. The marked increase of potency of thymopentin with infusion should be
      considered in designing clinical regimens.

PMID- 6360928
TI  - The early effect of sublethal X-irradiation of phagocytic cells in mouse blood
      and the influence of cystamine as measured by chemiluminescence.
AB  - The metabolic burst accompanying phagocytosis of granulocytes (PMN) leads to the
      generation of activated oxygen species such as O-2, H2O2, 1O2 and OH; which give
      rise to chemiluminescence (CL) in the presence of luminol. Reliable CL
      measurements of stimulated PMN can be carried out in freshly drawn mouse blood,
      when photon counts are related to the number of PMN. Effects of low dose total
      body X-irradiation were studied using C57B1/6 mice. It was found that 24 and 48
      hours after irradiation (0.24-0.95 Gy) CL of whole blood was slightly decreased.
      If however CL-counts were related to the number of PMN, an enhanced CL per single
      granulocyte was recorded. The administration of cystamine leads to an immune
      stimulating effect of unirradiated animals. In animals, who received 0.95 Gy a
      distinct radioprotective effect of cystamine can be observed.

PMID- 6360929
TI  - Effect of whole-body irradiation on phagocytic activity of rat alveolar
      macrophages.
AB  - The phagocytic activity of rat alveolar macrophages was studied in vitro for up
      to six weeks after whole-body gamma irradiation (7.5 Gy). Ingestion of
      fluorescent latex microspheres was evaluated using both microscopic examination
      and flow cytometric quantitation. After a transient decrease on first day post
      irradiation, a slight increase in the phagocytic ability was observed from day 14
      to day 28, with a maximum on day 21. From day 35 onwards, phagocytic capacities
      returned approximately to those of the controls. The percentage of phagocytic
      cells (cells having ingested one microsphere or more) increased by 75 per cent on
      day 21 after irradiation and the phagocytic index (percentage of phagocytic cells
      X the average number of ingested microspheres per cell) increased by 250 per cent
      while at the same time, the number of recovered alveolar cells decreased by 37
      per cent. The augmentation of phagocytic capacities after irradiation was
      particularly characterized by an increase in the percentage of cells ingesting
      more than five microspheres. Flow cytometric studies showed a significant
      increase in mean cell size on day 21 post-irradiation. The augmentation of the
      phagocytic activity was not found when macrophages from control rats were
      incubated with serum or alveolar lavage fluid from an irradiated donor.
      Augmentation of phagocytic capacity was also observed after 8.5 Gy but no effect
      could be observed after 6.5 Gy.

PMID- 6360930
TI  - Recent advances in clinical low-vision care.
AB  - In the past decade there has been a growth in the awareness of the impact that
      low vision has on the individual and on society in general. The clinical eye-care
      professions have become more conscious of their responsibility to assist
      partially sighted patients and low-vision care is becoming a specialty area
      within optometry and ophthalmology. This paper reviews recent advances in the
      optical devices and prescribing procedures that have contributed to improving the
      care that is available to assist low-vision patients with distance-vision tasks,
      near-vision tasks and visual-field problems.

PMID- 6360931
TI  - Oculomotor biofeedback therapy.
AB  - Biofeedback therapy refers to the process of gaining voluntary control over some
      bodily function by the immediate use of information regarding its physiological
      state. In this paper we review the use of oculomotor biofeedback therapy in three
      common ocular disorders: nystagmus, strabismus, and amblyopia. Experimental and
      clinical test results have been encouraging. We believe oculomotor biofeedback
      therapy should be attempted, either alone or in conjunction with orthoptic and/or
      surgical procedures, in these and other ocular disorders manifesting an abnormal
      oculomotor component.

PMID- 6360932
TI  - Neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of pain: nursing implications.

PMID- 6360933
TI  - Trouble shooting etched cast restorations: problems and solutions.

PMID- 6360934
TI  - Bilateral fixed splints.

PMID- 6360935
TI  - Sulglycotide displays cytoprotective activity in rat gastric mucosa.
AB  - Sulglycotide, a well known antisecretory and antiulcer compound, has been further
      investigated for its ability to protect rat gastric mucosa against extensive
      necrosis induced by absolute ethanol, NaOH (0.2N) and NaCl (30%). Sulglycotide,
      which has been compared with cimetidine, displays a dose-dependent cytoprotective
      activity against the above necrotizing agents. The results obtained indicate that
      Sulglycotide requires a normal prostaglandin biosynthetic process in order to
      manifest its antiulcer activity. In fact gastric mucosa from animals treated with
      Sulglycotide releases in vitro a greater amount of PGl2-like activity; and
      furthermore no protection was observed against gastric lesions induced by
      indomethacin. As far as the mode of action of Sulglycotide is concerned it is
      tempting to speculate that the compound may interfere with prostaglandin
      degradation or it may trigger an adaptive cytoprotection which is important in
      maintaining the cellular integrity of rat gastric mucosa.

PMID- 6360937
TI  - Serratia marcescens.
AB  - Serratia marcescens is now recognized as a serious pathogen and of particular
      importance in nosocomial infections. Both hand-to-hand and point-source
      transmission can result in outbreaks. The organism is easily grown and identified
      in the microbiology laboratory. Treatment may be difficult due to plasmid
      mediated resistance. Typing systems are available and can be useful for
      epidemiologic studies.

PMID- 6360936
TI  - Long-term treatment and follow-up studies with pirenzepine in duodenal ulcer: a
      double-blind study.
AB  - Pirenzepine, a new antimuscarinic drug which selectively binds to gastric mucosal
      muscarinic receptors, has been found to be as effective as cimetidine in
      promoting the healing of duodenal ulcer. Since recurrence is the major clinical
      problem in duodenal ulcer, the authors have performed a double-blind randomized
      study to evaluate the relapse rates during a follow-up period of six months after
      healing with pirenzepine. Fifty patients were admitted to the trial and randomly
      allocated to placebo (group C) or pirenzepine (50 mg daily, group A, and 100 mg
      daily, group B). Forty-four patients completed the trial. During the six months
      treatment 9 patients had relapses. No significant difference was found between
      three groups. No side-effects were observed. The 6-month treatment with 50 mg or
      100 mg of pirenzepine was well tolerated and without side-effects. The relapse
      rate during the six months after healing was very low and no significant
      difference was found between relapse rates in the three treatment groups. These
      results suggest that seasonal treatment with pirenzepine will prevent duodenal
      ulcer relapses, increase patient compliance and reduce the social cost of peptic
      ulcer disease. Additional studies over 12 months of treatment should be
      undertaken to verify our findings.

PMID- 6360938
TI  - Ontogenesis of the axolemma and axoglial relationships in myelinated fibers:
      electrophysiological and freeze-fracture correlates of membrane plasticity.

PMID- 6360939
TI  - Immunodetection of endorphins and enkephalins: a search for reliability.

PMID- 6360940
TI  - Ten years of diagnostic ultrasound in renal disease.
AB  - Observations with diagnostic ultrasound in renal disease over a 10-year period
      are reviewed. The advantages of diagnostic methods involving the least possible
      discomfort to the patient are emphasized. Ultrasonography is regarded as a
      reliable non-invasive method for the diagnostic differentiation between renal
      tumours and cysts. It was used by the authors for this purpose in 740 cases.
      Renal tumours were found by this method in 622, and renal cysts in 118 cases. Of
      the 740 patients, 726 underwent surgery. The preoperative ultrasonic diagnosis of
      renal tumour proved to be correct in 91.8 per cent, that of renal cyst in 88.9
      per cent of the respective surgical cases. Ultrasonography also lends itself to
      the follow-up of polycystic disease of the kidney, being suited for its early
      diagnosis, as well as to its identification in the stage of renal failure when
      the traditional diagnostic methods are no longer practicable.

PMID- 6360941
TI  - Effect of primary renal disease and risk factors on kidney graft survival.
AB  - The important role of immunological factors, HLA typing and pretransplant blood
      transfusion on improved kidney graft survival is well established. Additionally,
      graft survival depends on risk factors such as diabetes and age of the recipient.
      The effect of other clinical risk factors on graft survival was evaluated in 187
      patients who received kidney transplants at our centre between 1970 and 1981.
      Graft survival according to the life table method and statistical analysis
      according to the logrank test revealed 4 main risk factors. Graft survival is
      significantly lower in type I diabetics and analgesic nephropathy, whereas it is
      better in hereditary and other renal diseases. Additional risk factors are
      coronary heart disease and repeated grafting. Time of dialysis before
      transplantation and age of the recipient showed no detrimental effect on graft
      survival.

PMID- 6360942
TI  - [Progress in immunodiagnosis and chemotherapy of protozoan infections].

PMID- 6360943
TI  - [Progress in immunodiagnosis and chemotherapy of helminthiases].

PMID- 6360944
TI  - [Vaccination against hepatitis B: expectations and experiences].

PMID- 6360945
TI  - [Toxic shock syndrome].

PMID- 6360946
TI  - [A patient with cavernous lung foci, arthralgias and eye symptoms].

PMID- 6360947
TI  - Pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactive nerves in the guinea pig eye.
AB  - The indirect immunofluorescence technique with antisera either to avian
      pancreatic polypeptide or to bovine pancreatic polypeptide stains nerve fibers in
      the guinea pig eye. In all regions of the uvea, immunoreactive fibers are present
      around large blood vessels; an association of immunoreactive nerve fibers to
      melanocytes is seen. Immunoreactive nerves are found throughout the choroid,
      including the choriocapillaris. In the ciliary body, they are seen in individual
      ciliary processes. The iris dilator muscle and, to a lesser degree, its sphincter
      are innervated. The chamber angle of the anterior segment contains immunoreactive
      nerve fibers, but convincing innervation to the cornea is lacking. No retinal
      cells stain. With some exceptions, the distribution of peripheral nerve fibers
      parallels that of the adrenergic innervation. Appropriate controls are negative.

PMID- 6360948
TI  - The effect of K-582, a new antifungal agent, on experimental Candida keratitis.
AB  - K-582, a new basic peptide antibiotic, was tested in rabbits with experimental
      Candida keratitis. It was shown that the K-582-treated group showed statistically
      highly significant therapeutic effects on days 2 and 3, as compared with the
      control group (day 2: P less than 0.001; day 3: P less than 0.001). The culture
      study showed that the average number of colonies was 1,573.1 in the controls and
      463.3 in the treated group, and the difference was highly significant
      statistically (P less than 0.001). No ocular or systemic toxic effects were
      observed with this drug. K-582 is a promising new drug for the treatment of
      Candida keratitis.

PMID- 6360949
TI  - Induction of pyrimidine nucleoside metabolizing enzymes in E. coli B.
AB  - Induction studies on pyrimidine metabolizing enzymes in E. coli B have shown that
      the enzymes fall into three distinct groups according to their induction pattern.
      a) Cytidine deaminase and uridine phosphorylase, are induced by cytidine, CMP and
      adenosine; no induction was observed with uridine and AMP; b) thymidine
      phosphorylase is induced by cytidine, adenosine, all deoxyribonucleosides, CMP,
      deoxyribonucleotides, deoxyribose and deoxyribose-1-phosphate; c) uridine
      cytidine kinase, uracil phosphoribosyltransferase, 5'-nucleotidase, thymidine
      kinase, are uninducible enzymes. Simultaneous addition of cytidine and glucose
      partially overcomes the cytidine deaminase and uridine phosphorylase induction.
      Cytidine deaminase reaches its maximum activity levels, in E. coli growing cells
      in presence of cytidine, two hours before the uridine phosphorylase activity.
      Maximum glucose repression of cytidine deaminase and uridine phosphorylase was
      obtained in correspondence of maximum cytidine induction.

PMID- 6360950
TI  - Ethanol activation of human natural cytotoxicity.
AB  - Human lymphocytes cultured with ethanol and subsequently assayed for natural
      killer (NK) activity to K562 cells have enhanced NK activity compared to
      lymphocytes cultured without exposure to ethanol. Optimal enhancement occurred at
      0.64% (v/v) ethanol, and required several hours of culture. Lymphocytes retained
      their enhanced cytolytic ability for several hours after removal from the ethanol
      containing medium. The enhancement correlated with a faster rate of cytolysis by
      ethanol-treated lymphocytes, rather than recruitment of an increased number of
      killer cells, as measured with single cell assays. Inclusion of ethanol directly
      in the NK assays was inhibitory. Cells that had been cultured with ethanol were
      less sensitive to inhibition of NK activity by the proteinase substrate acetyl
      tyrosine ethyl ester than were control cells cultured without ethanol. Although
      this observation and the increased rate of cytolysis in the single cell assays
      are consistent with increased production of a chymotrypsin-like proteinase
      involved in cell-mediated cytotoxicity, no alteration in protein synthesis was
      detected concomitant with ethanol treatment. This report demonstrates that even
      without hepatic metabolism, ethanol can produce effects on lymphocyte function
      which remain after exposure to the reagent is discontinued.

PMID- 6360951
TI  - Organ transplants: the costs of success.

PMID- 6360952
TI  - No obligation for Mrs. X--but can she be bought?

PMID- 6360953
TI  - Nursing home cost studies: comments and comparison.

PMID- 6360954
TI  - Hospital closure: a review of current and proposed research.
AB  - This paper reviews available data describing issues and research findings with
      implications for hospital closings. Factors contributing to fiscal problems of
      hospitals (e.g., inadequate reimbursement, inflation, management problems,
      organizational structure, societal factors) are discussed. Selected studies
      offering examples of hospital and community characteristics associated with
      closure are presented. This review suggests that future directions for research
      should focus not only on hospital cost control but also on insuring equity in the
      distribution of hospital services. Specifically, research is needed that further
      describes the hospital closure phenomenon, the effects of closure, and the policy
      choices that might be pursued to insure equity in the continuation of hospital
      services to disadvantaged populations.

PMID- 6360955
TI  - Hospital closure in the United States, 1976-1980: a descriptive overview.
AB  - This paper is an overview of hospital closure in the United States for the five
      year period 1976-1980. We describe the distributional patterns of closings among
      noncommunity and community hospitals classified according to institutional
      characteristics such as bed size, control, and location. We also examine the ten
      percent of community hospitals operating at the beginning of the period which
      were shown to have combined institutional characteristics strongly associated
      with closure via a method of regression analysis.

PMID- 6360956
TI  - Why urban voluntary hospitals close.
AB  - In this paper, we argue for the importance of understanding hospital closings and
      relocations. Broad descriptive data on closings, relocations, and other
      reconfigurations of beds in 52 large and mid-size U.S. cities are presented. The
      period covered is 1937 to 1980. Two contrasting outlooks on hospital closings and
      relocations are offered. As hypothesized, smaller and less specialized
      nonteaching hospitals and those located in minority neighborhoods or serving
      above-average proportions of minority or Medicaid-funded patients were more
      likely to close. A potentially more effective but more costly and less accessible
      system of urban health care appears to result.

PMID- 6360957
TI  - [Skeletal traumas during growth].

PMID- 6360959
TI  - The floppy infant: a practical approach.
AB  - Cerebral, non paralytic and peripheral paralytic hypotonia are briefly discussed.
      Criteria which help in the differential diagnosis are emphasized. In the usual
      cerebral hypotonia, muscle strength is preserved but muscle tone is decreased.
      However, there are a few conditions in which cerebral hypotonia is severe enough
      to resemble paralytic hypotonia. These conditions include the Prader-Willi
      syndrome (first phase), the Zellweger syndrome and some cases of congenital
      myotonic dystrophy. In peripheral or paralytic hypotonia muscle weakness and
      hypotonia go hand-in-hand. A few practical diagnostic criteria are given which
      allow the differentiation between anterior horn cell disease, polyneuropathy,
      neonatal myasthenia and myopathy. Finally, essential or benign hypotonia is
      briefly alluded to.

PMID- 6360958
TI  - Coping mechanisms of the chronically ill during family separation.

PMID- 6360960
TI  - A tribute of Gunther Geyer (1930-1980).

PMID- 6360961
TI  - Protease inhibitor localization in control and streptozotocin-diabetic skeletal
      muscles.
AB  - alpha 1-Antitrypsin and alpha 1-inhibitor-3 were localized for the first time
      inside skeletal muscle cells. Their content, especially that of alpha 1-inhibitor
      3, was greatly reduced following streptozotocin-induced diabetes. alpha 1
      Antitrypsin and alpha 1-inhibitor-3 were also observed in the vascular components
      and interstitial space surrounding both control and diabetic soleus muscles as
      revealed by immunofluorescence. In diabetic muscles, the non-myofibre locale of
      alpha 1-inhibitor-3 was reduced, and to a lesser extent, alpha 1-antitrypsin.
      Both myofibre and extracellular patterns were reversed to control levels by
      insulin replacement.

PMID- 6360963
TI  - 15N-labelled yeast protein--a valid tracer for calculating whole-body protein
      parameters in infants: a comparison between [15N]-yeast protein and [15N]
      glycine.
AB  - The validity of [15N]-glycine and 15N-labelled yeast protein as tracers for
      investigating the parameters of nitrogen metabolism in man was studied by
      comparisons of each tracer in three infants on different diets. Both tracers were
      administered with the food as a single oral dose of 0.2 mmol 15N-excess nitrogen
      per kg body weight. Cumulative 15N-excess excretion in the urine was measured by
      emission spectrometry and a three-compartment model was used to calculate the
      pool sizes by computer. In all three comparisons the values calculated for
      protein synthesis, protein breakdown, protein turnover and reutilization after
      administration of 15N-labelled yeast protein were slightly lower than those
      calculated after administration of [15N]-glycine. The particular advantage of
      applying a highly enriched, completely labelled [15N]-protein instead of [15N]
      glycine as a tracer is that the protein, containing some 20 amino acids,
      doubtless gives a more accurate picture of protein metabolism than the use of a
      single amino acid labelled with heavy nitrogen. However, the small differences
      between the whole-body parameters calculated from 15N-labelled yeast protein and
      [15N]-glycine do not justify the general replacement of [15N]-glycine by 15N
      labelled protein.

PMID- 6360962
TI  - Differentiation of the atrioventricular node, the atrioventricular bundle and the
      bundle branches in the bovine heart: an immunohistochemical and enzyme
      histochemical study.
AB  - The previous observations of differences between different cardiac regions
      (ventricular myocardium, atrial myocardium, Purkinje fibre system) with respect
      to the maturation of the M-line region and the establishment of mature metabolic
      characteristics, have been extended. It was found that M-line maturation proceeds
      differently also between different regions of the conduction system. The M-line
      proteins, myomesin and MM-creatine kinase, were detected earlier, by means of
      immunohistochemistry, in the AV bundle and bundle branch cells than in the AV
      node cells. Also, a difference was observed in large foetuses. Striations in the
      AV node were less evident than in the AV bundle and the bundle branches in
      sections incubated with antibodies against myomesin as well as against MM
      creatine kinase. Using enzyme histochemistry it was observed that the differences
      in metabolic properties between the AV node, the AV bundle and the bundle
      branches on the one hand, and the ordinary myocardium on the other, of adult
      hearts, are not established at the early stages. No clear difference in activity
      of succinate dehydrogenase was seen between the conduction tissues and the
      ordinary myocardium in the foetal hearts, while the conduction tissues showed a
      lower activity in the adult hearts. Furthermore, the pattern of activity of
      mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase between the conduction tissues
      and the atrial and ventricular myocardium was quite different in early foetal
      stages compared with the adult stage.

PMID- 6360964
TI  - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immunoreactive and cholinergic nerves in the
      whole mount preparation of the major cerebral arteries of the rat.
AB  - An immunofluorescence histochemical study of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
      (VIP) was made in the major rat cerebral arteries of the whole mount preparation.
      A comparison was made between the distribution of VIP-immunoreactive and
      cholinergic nerves. An abundant number of VIP-containing nerves were observed in
      the internal carotid, anterior cerebral, middle cerebral and basilar artery. VIP
      and cholinergic nerves were unaffected by bilateral superior cervical
      ganglionectomy. The density and distribution of VIP-immunoreactive fibers was
      essentially the same as that of the cholinergic fibers of the rat cerebral
      vasculature. It is suggested that, as was previously demonstrated in other
      peripheral organs, VIP coexists within cholinergic neurons of the rat cerebral
      arteries.

PMID- 6360965
TI  - Demonstration of protease isoenzymes by two-dimensional polyacrylamide
      electrophoresis.
AB  - A two-dimensional polyacrylamide electrophoresis system is described for the
      detection of protease isoenzymes using 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamine derivates as
      substrates. With this technique is possible to detect isoenzymes differing in
      molecular weight by separation according to size and shape. This is not possible
      by the use of isoelectric focusing alone.

PMID- 6360966
TI  - [Vascularization of the cervical trachea and its clinical relevance. A scanning
      electron microscopy study on corrosion casts].
AB  - The angioarchitecture of the cervical trachea of the rat as a model was studied
      using scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts. Four different
      types of vascular pattern are described. 1. Supplying and draining vessels of the
      first order (Superior and inferior thyroid arteries, and inferior thyroid veins)
      situated within the peritracheal tissue at the lateral sides of the trachea. 2.
      The vessels arising from them, which have a horizontal course and lie within the
      intercartilaginous membrane (vessels of the second order). 3. The vessels of the
      third order branching from those of the second order, perforating the
      intercartilaginous membrane and again running vertically within the tracheal
      mucosa. 4. Vessels of the fourth order forming the capillary plexus of the
      tracheal mucosa, consisting of irregular (pars fibrocartilaginea) or rectangular
      (pars membranacea) meshes. The clinical relevance of the vascular patterns of the
      trachea is discussed in respect to ischemic tracheal lesions.

PMID- 6360967
TI  - Companion animals and the elderly: a state-of-the-art summary.
AB  - The human/animal relationship exhibited by the elderly and their pets has
      limitations as well as potentials. The functions of a pet as a companion and
      social facilitator in pet-facilitated psychotherapy include serving as a
      cotherapist for facilitation of rapport, providing companionship, substituting
      for close interpersonal relationships (ie, significant others), enhancing the
      health status of a variety of target groups, increasing opportunity for sensory
      stimulation, and providing emotional support and a sense of well-being. Available
      information was limited because few studies have been replicated, data were not
      validated, and previous studies were restricted mainly to institutionalized or
      therapeutic environments. Implications for future research include use of animals
      for companionship and to promote the physical, social, and emotional health of
      the elderly.

PMID- 6360968
TI  - Ligation of ductus venosus in a dog, using ultrasonographic guidance.

PMID- 6360969
TI  - The outcomes of mental health training programs: a review of the literature.
AB  - In these times of fiscal austerity, educators are asked increasingly to justify
      their programs. This review of literature indicates there are few controlled
      studies focusing on outcomes of mental health training programs, largely because
      the goals of training programs have been poorly identified and/or infrequently
      used as a basis for evaluation. In addition, these studies lack adequate criteria
      of success and standardized measures of success. Educators are, therefore, unable
      to critically evaluate the impact of the trained worker on patient care.

PMID- 6360970
TI  - Structural features of cultured epithelial cells from the adult rat epididymis.
AB  - Epithelial cells isolated from the caput epididymidis of adult rats were placed
      in primary culture and examined daily for ten days for changes in external
      anatomy, reorganization of cytoskeletal components, maintenance of characteristic
      cytoplasmic features, and response to media formulated to minimize nonepithelial
      cell proliferation. Significant cell attachment to the substrate began after the
      first 24 hours of culture. After attachment, the cells underwent a progressive
      flattening and became closely applied to the substrate. This was accompanied by a
      redistribution of microvilli on the cell surface and a reorganization of
      cytoskeletal elements within the cell. After flattening, the cultured cells
      displayed an extensive array of 10-nm filaments which were associated with the
      desmosomes attaching adjacent cells. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that
      these were keratin-containing intermediate filaments and 2-D gel electrophoresis
      of intact cells and cell cytoskeletons revealed that a family of "keratin-like"
      polypeptides were major components of the cells. Epithelial cell attachment,
      morphology, and maintenance in the primary culture were unaffected by D-valine,
      cytosine arabinoside, or both; however, these agents, either individually or in
      combination, reduced significantly the number of cells incorporating 3H
      thymidine. These data show that isolated epithelial cells retain some
      differentiated structural features that characterize the intact cell and that
      enriched cultures of epithelial cells can be maintained under conditions where
      fibroblast proliferation is inhibited.

PMID- 6360971
TI  - Fermentation, isolation, characterization and structure of nitrosofungin.
AB  - The new antifungal agent nitrosofungin was isolated in high yields from a mixed
      culture of two organisms consisting of a bacterium of the genus Alcaligenes (UC
      9152) and Streptomyces plicatus UC 8272. The bacterium produces the agent, the
      streptomycete enhances the production by providing a precursor or an inducer.
      Nitrosofungin in high concentrations inhibits a broad variety of pathogenic fungi
      in vitro. The agent is relatively non-toxic in small laboratory animals and high
      blood levels are obtained after either oral or systemic administration.
      Nitrosofungin is only the second N-nitrosohydroxylamine isolated from microbial
      sources to date. It has been identified as 2-N-nitrosohydroxylamino-1-propanol,
      an acidic and highly water-soluble compound.

PMID- 6360972
TI  - Papulacandins--the relationship between chemical structure and effect on glucan
      synthesis in yeast.
AB  - Papulacandin B inhibits glucan biosynthesis in cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
      and Candida albicans. Biological studies with a series of papulacandin
      derivatives showed that the short fatty acid chain and the galactose residue are
      not required for activity at the target site, but that they can affect
      penetration. On the other hand, the long fatty acid residue is essential for
      biological activity.

PMID- 6360973
TI  - In vitro synergy of actithiazic acid, an antimetabolite of biotin, combined with
      cephalexin.

PMID- 6360974
TI  - Observations on the enumeration of moulds in food and feedingstuffs.
AB  - This paper considers the technical problems associated with the quantitative
      analysis of mould in foods and feedingstuffs. It seeks to define a philosophy
      concerning the use of quantitative mycological data in advisory, investigatory
      and quality assurance situations and stresses the need for quantitative estimates
      always to be aligned with qualitative assessment of the mycoflora of foods and
      feedingstuffs.

PMID- 6360975
TI  - A note on the determination of antibiotic susceptibility of invasive strains of
      Proteus by a simple agar dilution method.
AB  - A method is described for testing antibiotic susceptibility of invasive and
      noninvasive micro-organisms in which strains are grown on small agar discs.

PMID- 6360976
TI  - Immunologic approach to the management of asthma.

PMID- 6360977
TI  - Role of patient compliance in the management of asthma.

PMID- 6360979
TI  - Comparative evaluation of in-vitro studies on chloroquine resistance of
      falciparum malaria.

PMID- 6360978
TI  - Vivax malaria: clinical and hematocoagulation profile in North Indians.

PMID- 6360981
TI  - Insulin produced in India.

PMID- 6360980
TI  - Immunoperoxidase localization of immunoglobulins in renal biopsies (a preliminary
      study).

PMID- 6360982
TI  - Thrombocytopenia in P. Falciparum infection.

PMID- 6360983
TI  - Immunostimulation of antitubercular chemotherapy with levamisole in active
      pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 6360984
TI  - A double blind crossover study of diphenylhydantoin in irritable bowel syndrome.

PMID- 6360985
TI  - Mitral valve prolapse.

PMID- 6360986
TI  - Radioimmunoassay technical aspects and clinical applications (Part I).

PMID- 6360987
TI  - Extra-renal hormonal status in end-stage uraemia.

PMID- 6360989
TI  - Insulin from buffalo pancreas.

PMID- 6360988
TI  - Malaria: chemotherapy and vaccine.

PMID- 6360990
TI  - [Digital subtraction angiography (D.S.A.). Current clinical applications].

PMID- 6360991
TI  - Hook-associated proteins essential for flagellar filament formation in Salmonella
      typhimurium.
AB  - The hooks of the flagella of Salmonella typhimurium were purified by a newly
      developed method, using a flaL mutant without a filament, and the hook components
      were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. As a
      result, we detected three protein species in addition to hook protein. We call
      these three proteins hook-associated proteins (HAPs). Their molecular weights
      were 59,000 for HAP1, 53,000 for HAP2, and 31,000 for HAP3. The HAP1/hook
      protein/HAP3/HAP2 molar ratio, calculated from their relative amounts and their
      molecular weights, was 1:10:1.1:0.53. The compositions of HAPs were analyzed in
      the hooks from the other filamentless mutants which were defective in H1 H2,
      flaV, flaU, or flaW. Hooks from the H1 H2 mutant had the same HAP composition as
      hooks from the flaL mutant. Hooks from the flaV mutants contained HAP1 and HAP3.
      Hooks from the flaU mutants contained HAP1. Hooks from the flaW mutants contained
      a very small amount of HAP3. From these results, the process of hook
      morphogenesis and the genes responsible for each step were postulated. Electron
      micrographs of hooks from the filamentless mutants showed that hooks which
      contained all three HAPs had a sharp clawlike tip, whereas hooks lacking any HAP
      had a flat tip. Electron micrographs of hooks treated with antibody against the
      hook protein showed that each claw-shaped end was not covered with antibody.
      These results strongly suggest that all three HAPs or at least some of them are
      located at the claw-shaped end and play an essential role in filament formation.

PMID- 6360992
TI  - Suppression by thymidine-requiring mutants of Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - Thymidine-requiring strains of Escherichia coli isolated by trimethoprim
      selection often simultaneously acquire the ability to suppress bacteriophage T4
      nonsense mutations. Suppression is lost in Thy+ revertants and recombinants, but
      is sometimes retained in thyA plasmid-bearing transformants. Suppression is
      restricted in Strr derivatives of the Thy- mutants, indicating that suppression
      occurs at the level of translation.

PMID- 6360993
TI  - Mutations affecting regulation of the Klebsiella pneumoniae nifH (nitrogenase
      reductase) promotor.
AB  - Starting with plasmid pSA30 which contains an intact nifHDKY operon, we selected
      mutants that no longer inhibited nitrogen fixation in Klebsiella pneumoniae.
      Three categories of mutants were found among eight mutant plasmids examined in
      detail. Three mutant plasmids carried a single-base-pair (bp) change at position 
      12 or -14 relative to the nifH transcription start site. These mutations were
      located in a previously described consensus sequence found in the -10 to -15
      region of nif promoters. Four of the mutant plasmids contain lesions considerably
      upstream from the start point of transcription. Two of these upstream mutations
      are identical 112-bp deletions of nucleotides -72 to -184, and two others are a
      single-bp change at position -136. The final plasmid does not contain a mutation
      within a 525-bp region which includes 289 bp upstream from the nifH ATG
      initiation codon and which extends 69 codons into the nifH gene. All eight of the
      mutant pSA30 plasmids failed to complement a chromosomal nifH mutation,
      suggesting that the mutations that block inhibition of nif expression also
      prevent transcription of the nifHDKY operon.

PMID- 6360995
TI  - Purification and subunit composition of acetohydroxyacid synthase I from
      Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - Acetohydroxyacid synthase I from Escherichia coli K-12 has been purified to near
      homogeneity. Analysis of the purified enzyme by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed the presence of two polypeptides, one
      with a molecular weight of 60,000 and one with a molecular weight of 9,500. These
      two polypeptides were present in constant proportion to each other and to enzyme
      activity. The molar ratio of the two polypeptides (Mr 9,500:60,000), estimated
      from stained polyacrylamide gels, was 1. Antisera raised against the 60,000 Mr
      polypeptide precipitated both the 60,000 and the 9,500 Mr polypeptides from
      extracts of cells labeled with [35S]methionine. The addition of sodium dodecyl
      sulfate before immunoprecipitation eliminated the smaller polypeptide, and only
      the larger one was recovered. The hydrodynamic properties of the native enzyme
      confirmed a previous report that the largest enzymatically active species has a
      molecular weight of about 200,000; this species contains both the 60,000- and
      9,500-molecular-weight polypeptides.

PMID- 6360994
TI  - Cloning and characterization of gdhA, the structural gene for glutamate
      dehydrogenase of Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - Glutamic acid is synthesized in enteric bacteria by either glutamate
      dehydrogenase or by the coupled activities of glutamate synthase and glutamine
      synthetase. A hybrid plasmid containing a fragment of the Salmonella typhimurium
      chromosome cloned into pBR328 restores growth of glutamate auxotrophs of S.
      typhimurium and Escherichia coli strains which have mutations in the genes for
      glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamate synthase. A 2.2-kilobase pair region was
      shown by complementation analysis, enzyme activity measurements, and the maxicell
      protein synthesizing system to carry the entire glutamate dehydrogenase
      structural gene, gdhA. Glutamate dehydrogenase encoded by gdhA carried on
      recombinant plasmids was elevated 5- to over 100-fold in S. typhimurium or E.
      coli cells and was regulated in both organisms. The gdhA promoter was located by
      recombination studies and by the in vitro fusion to, and activation of, a
      promoter-deficient galK gene. Additionally, S. typhimurium gdhA DNA was shown to
      hybridize to single restriction fragments of chromosomes from other enteric
      bacteria and from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

PMID- 6360996
TI  - Induced plasmid-genome rearrangements in Rhizobium japonicum.
AB  - The P group resistance plasmids RP1 and RP4 were introduced into Rhizobium
      japonicum by polyethylene-glycol-induced transformation of spheroplasts. After
      cell wall regeneration, transformants were recovered by selecting for plasmid
      determinants. Plant nodulation, nitrogen fixation, serological, and bacterial
      genetics studies revealed that the transformants were derived from the parental
      strains and possessed the introduced plasmid genetic markers. Agarose gel
      electrophoresis, restriction enzyme analysis, and DNA hybridization studies
      showed that many of the transformant strains had undergone genome rearrangements.
      In the RP1 transformants, chromosomal DNA was found to have transposed into a
      large indigenous plasmid of R. japonicum, producing an even larger plasmid, and
      the introduced R plasmid DNA was found to be chromosomally integrated rather than
      replicating autonomously or integrated into the endogenous plasmid. Seemingly, a
      similar section of chromosomal DNA was involved in all the genomic rearrangements
      observed in the R. japonicum RP1 and RP4 transformant strains.

PMID- 6360997
TI  - Effects of ethanol on the Escherichia coli plasma membrane.
AB  - The effects of ethanol on the fluidity of Escherichia coli plasma membranes were
      examined by using a variety of fluorescent probes: 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene,
      perylene, and a set of n-(9-anthroyloxy) fatty acids. The anthroyloxy fatty acid
      probes were used to examine the fluidity gradient across the width of the plasma
      membrane and artificial membranes prepared from lipid extracts of plasma
      membranes. Ethanol caused a small decrease in the polarization of probes
      primarily located near the membrane surface. In comparison, hexanol decreased the
      polarization of probes located more deeply in the membrane. Temperature had a
      large effect on probes located at all depths. The effects of ethanol on E. coli
      membranes from cells grown with or without ethanol were also examined. Plasma
      membranes isolated from cells grown in the presence of ethanol were more rigid
      than those from control cells. In contrast to plasma membranes, artificial
      membranes prepared from lipid extracts of ethanol-grown cells were more fluid
      than those from control cells. These differences are explained by analyses of
      membrane composition. Membranes from cells grown in the presence of ethanol are
      more rigid than those from control cells due to a decrease in the lipid-to
      protein ratio. This change more than compensates for the fluidizing effect of
      ethanol and the ethanol-induced increase in membrane C18:1 fatty acid which
      occurs during growth. Our results suggest that the regulation of the lipid-to
      protein ratio of the plasma membrane may be an important adaptive response of E.
      coli to growth in the presence of ethanol.

PMID- 6360998
TI  - Gene regulation in plasmid RK2: positive control by korA in the expression of
      korC.
AB  - The broad-host-range plasmid RK2 encodes three host-lethal kil genes whose
      actions are controlled by specific kor genes. We have shown previously that the
      0' to 5.5' region of RK2 encodes both kilA and korC. Because of the lethal effect
      of kilA, plasmids with this region cannot be maintained in Escherichia coli
      unless the RK2 korA gene is also present. To investigate korC in the absence of
      kilA and therefore of korA, we first mapped kilA and korC to specific segments of
      the cloned 0' to 5.5' region. This allowed us to construct a korC+ plasmid
      missing the kilA region and thereby removed the need to have korA in the cell. We
      found that this korC-encoding plasmid alone is insufficient to control kilC. The
      korA function is required, and it can be supplied in trans. We also constructed a
      kilA+ korC- plasmid and found that korA is sufficient to control kilA. Thus, in
      addition to acting negatively to control kilA, korA acts positively to allow korC
      control of kilC. This korA dependence of korC is bypassed in a rho-115 mutant of
      E. coli. We consider the possibility that korA product acts as an antiterminator
      of transcription in korC expression.

PMID- 6360999
TI  - Identification of the structural gene and nonsense alleles for adenylate cyclase
      in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Tetraploid strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae carrying different dosages of the
      CYR1+ gene have been constructed. Adenylate cyclase activity observed in these
      tetraploid strains was proportional to the dosage of the active CYR1+ gene. Of
      the 57 mutants requiring adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate for growth at 35 degrees
      C, two allelic temperature-sensitive cyr1 mutants produced thermolabile adenylate
      cyclase. Crude extract and plasma membrane fraction of cyr1 mutant cells had no
      adenylate cyclase activity when assayed with GTP or 5'-guanylyl imidodiphosphate
      in the presence of Mn2+ or Mg2+. Plasma membrane and Lubrol-soluble plasma
      membrane fractions obtained from the temperature-sensitive cyr1 mutant were
      thermolabile compared with those from the wild-type strain. Three cyr1 mutants
      carried nonsense mutations susceptible to ochre (UAA) suppressors, SUP3 and SUP
      o, and had no detectable level of adenylate cyclase activity. It is concluded
      that the cyr1 mutants carry lesions in the structural gene for adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 6361000
TI  - Copy number and the stability of 2-micron circle-based artificial plasmids of
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - The copy number and stability of artificial 2-micron circle-based plasmids have
      been accurately measured in [Cir+] and [Cir0] strains of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae. We conclude that (i) instability and copy number vary greatly from
      plasmid to plasmid; (ii) instability and copy number are negatively correlated-
      that is, high copy number is associated with low instability; (iii) it is
      difficult to reconcile this variability with a strict and direct system of copy
      number control; (iv) instabilities are much higher than expected from random
      partition and the observed copy numbers: this may imply partition which is less
      efficient than random. Even so, (v) the partitioning of 2-micron circle-like
      plasmids is more efficient than that of ARS-based plasmids, which hints at the
      existence of a system for the (inefficient) distribution of 2-micron circles.

PMID- 6361001
TI  - Cloning of a Thiobacillus ferrooxidans plasmid in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Three separate plasmids of 6, 7, 16, and greater than 23 kilobases were purified
      from a single clone of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 33020 grown in the presence
      of uranium. The 6.7-kilobase plasmid (pTf1) was cloned separately into the
      HindIII or BamHI site of Escherichia coli plasmid pBR322. Restriction maps of the
      recombinant plasmids, termed pTf100 and pTf110, respectively, were constructed,
      creating potential cloning vehicles for exchanging genetic information between E.
      coli and T. ferrooxidans. Evidence from restriction enzyme analysis and Southern
      blot DNA-DNA hybridization indicates that the three native plasmids share little
      sequence homology.

PMID- 6361002
TI  - Amino terminus of outer membrane PhoE protein: localization by use of a bla-phoE
      hybrid gene.
AB  - Expression of a recently constructed bla-phoE hybrid gene results in synthesis
      and incorporation into the outer membrane of PhoE protein containing an amino
      terminal extension of 158 amino acid residues of beta-lactamase (Tommassen et
      al., EMBO J. 2:1275-1279, 1983). As the PhoE protein part of this hybrid protein
      is apparently normally incorporated into the outer membrane, the beta-lactamase
      part of the protein can be considered as a label of the amino terminus of PhoE
      protein. By using trypsin accessibility experiments, this beta-lactamase part was
      shown to be located at the periplasmic side of the membrane. Therefore, the amino
      terminus of PhoE protein most likely faces the periplasm.

PMID- 6361003
TI  - Induction by UV light of the SOS function sfiA in Escherichia coli strains
      deficient or proficient in excision repair.
AB  - The influence of the nucleotide excision repair system on the induction by UV
      irradiation of the SOS function sfiA has been investigated. The level of sfiA
      expression was monitored by means of a sfiA::lacZ operon fusion in both the wild
      type strain and a uvrA mutant. We found that the initial steady rate of sfiA
      expression was proportional to the UV dose and was identical in uvr+ and uvrA
      backgrounds. This suggests that the initial steady rate of sfiA expression is
      determined by the initial number of lesions and before any effect of excision
      repair. We confirmed that after 2 h of expression the net synthesis of sfiA
      product is, for the same UV dose, about five times lower in uvr+ than in uvrA
      strains. We show that this is due to earlier repression of the SOS system in uvr+
      than in uvrA strains and not to different initial rates.

PMID- 6361004
TI  - L-Sorbose metabolism in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Sor+ derivatives of Escherichia
      coli K-12 and chemotaxis toward sorbose.
AB  - L-Sorbose degradation in Klebsiella pneumoniae was shown to follow the pathway L
      sorbose leads to L-sorbose-1-phosphate leads to D-glucitol-6-phosphate leads to D
      fructose-6-phosphate. Transport and phosphorylation of L-sorbose was catalyzed by
      membrane-bound enzyme IIsor of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent
      carbohydrate:phosphotransferase system, specific for and regulated by this ketose
      and different from all other enzymes II described thus far. Two soluble enzymes,
      an L-sorbose-1-phosphate reductase and a D-glucitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase,
      were involved in the conversion of L-sorbose-1-phosphate to D-fructose-6
      phosphate. This dehydrogenase was temperature sensitive, preventing growth of
      wild-type strains of K. pneumoniae at temperatures above 35 degrees C in the
      presence of L-sorbose. The enzyme was distinct from a second D-glucitol-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase involved in the metabolism of D-glucitol. The sor genes
      were transferred from the chromosome of nonmotile strains of K. pneumoniae by
      means of a new R'sor+ plasmid to motile strains of Escherichia coli K-12. Such
      derivatives not only showed the temperature-sensitive Sor+ phenotype
      characteristic for K. pneumoniae or Sor+ wild-type strains of E. coli, but also
      reacted positively to sorbose in chemotaxis tests.

PMID- 6361005
TI  - Therapeutic superiority of maprotiline versus doxepin in geriatric depression.
AB  - In a double-blind study, 49 geriatric patients suffering from primary major
      depression were treated with maprotiline or doxepin. Efficacy and safety were
      assessed by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Zung Self-Rating
      Depression and Anxiety scales, side effects profile, routine laboratory tests,
      and measurements of blood levels. Although marked improvement was obtained with
      both antidepressants, patients on maprotiline showed statistically greater
      improvement than those on doxepin. No significant differences were detected
      between the two drugs with respect to side effects. A significant positive
      correlation was obtained between dosage and blood levels of maprotiline and
      doxepin, but there was no correlation between blood levels and clinical response.
      Overall, results suggest that maprotiline may be superior to doxepin in the
      treatment of geriatric depression.

PMID- 6361006
TI  - Quazepam in the short-term treatment of insomnia in outpatients.
AB  - The safety and hypnotic efficacy of quazepam 30 mg vs placebo in 57 insomniac
      outpatients were assessed in a randomized, controlled comparison. Patients
      received placebo during a 3-night, single-blind baseline period, and then
      quazepam 30 mg or placebo during a 5-night, double-blind treatment period.
      Quazepam-treated patients reported significantly better sleep quantity and
      quality on the first treatment night and for the overall treatment period than
      did placebo patients. No clinically significant change was seen in pre- and
      posttreatment physical examinations, electrocardiograms, or routine laboratory
      tests. Of the 57 subjects, 20 (16 quazepam, 4 placebo) reported adverse
      experiences. All 20 reported daytime somnolence (drowsiness, lethargy, or
      sleepiness), and one quazepam-treated patient also had hypokinesia. Overall,
      quazepam 30 mg was a safe and effective hypnotic, with significant hypnotic
      activity on the first night of administration.

PMID- 6361007
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a post-proline cleaving enzyme and its
      inhibitor from sperm of the ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi.
AB  - A post-proline cleaving enzyme and its endogenous inhibitor have been
      demonstrated to be present in sperm of the ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi. The
      enzyme was extracted with artificial sea water from frozen and thawed sperm and
      isolated from accompanying acrosin-like and chymotrypsin-like enzymes by DEAE
      cellulose chromatography. It was then separated from the endogenous inhibitor by
      ammonium sulfate fractionation and DEAE-Sephacel chromatography. Three subsequent
      chromatographic operations using hydroxylapatite, Sephadex G-150 and Z-Gly-Pro
      Leu-Gly-aminohexyl-Sepharose yielded the highly purified enzyme. The molecular
      weight and isoelectric point of the enzyme were estimated to be 66,000 and 5.5,
      respectively. The pH optimum of the activity was 7.0. The enzyme was inactivated
      with diisopropylphosphorofluoridate, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, Z-Gly-Pro
      chloromethyl ketone and sulfhydryl-directed reagents; these inhibitor
      susceptibilities were similar to those reported for the enzymes of mammalian
      origins. The ascidian enzyme hydrolyzed oxytocin, angiotensin II, luteinizing
      hormone releasing hormone and neurotensin at the carboxyl side of proline
      residues. The endogenous inhibitor was heat stable. The molecular weight of its
      main component was estimated to be about 8,000. The presence of salt at high
      concentrations weakened the enzyme-inhibitor interaction. Z-Gly-Pro-chloromethyl
      ketone inhibited fertilization of the ascidian, suggesting possible involvement
      of the post-proline cleaving enzyme in fertilization.

PMID- 6361008
TI  - Hydrolysis of phenylthiazolones of p-guanidinophenylalanine and arginine by
      trypsin and related enzymes.
AB  - The phenylthiazolone (PTA) of p-guanidinophenylalanine (GPA) was synthesized and
      the susceptibility of this compound to trypsin and related enzymes was compared
      with that of the PTA of arginine (Arg). Both PTA-GPA and PTA-Arg were almost
      completely and rapidly hydrolyzed by trypsin and pronase. PTA-Arg was hydrolyzed
      rapidly by thrombin, whereas PTA-GPA was less susceptible to this enzyme. The
      rates of hydrolysis of the two PTAs by alpha-chymotrypsin and papain were fairly
      slow. The specificity constant (kcat/Km) for the hydrolysis of PTA-GPA by trypsin
      was about 4 times larger than that of PTA-Arg. Thus, PTA-GPA, as well as PTA-Arg,
      behaves as a specific internal thioester substrate for trypsin and is the best
      one in the series of PTA substrates examined so far. However, PTA derivatives of
      GPA and Arg were hydrolyzed with kcat/Km values smaller than those of N alpha
      benzoyl ethyl esters of L-GPA and L-Arg by factors of 4 and 17, respectively.

PMID- 6361009
TI  - Enzyme immunoassays of kanamycin group antibiotics with high sensitivities using
      anti-kanamycin as a common antiserum: reasoning and selection of a heterologous
      enzyme label.
AB  - An antiserum against kanamycin (anti-KM) was elicited in rabbits immunized with a
      kanamycin immunogen prepared by a three-step procedure using N-(m
      maleimidobenzoyloxy)succinimide as a cross-linker. KM and tobramycin (TOB) were
      labeled with beta-D-galactosidase utilizing another cross-linker, N-(gamma
      maleimidobutyryloxy)succinimide. The labeled KM showed very strong affinity to
      anti-KM antiserum and that of TOB had an adequate affinity to anti-KM. Increases
      in the assay sensitivities at the B/B0 value of 50% of KM and dibekacin were 183-
      and 191,000-times, respectively, on changing the enzyme label from KM to TOB. The
      optimal conditions for highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) of KM using anti
      KM and the enzyme labeled with TOB with satisfactory accuracy and precision were
      determined. Highly sensitive EIAs of four KM analogs with measurement ranges of 1
      to 100 ng/tube were also developed using the labeled TOB and anti-KM as common
      reagents. Various commonly used drugs were found to have little reactivity in
      this immunoassay, indicating that the EIA is specific to KM and its analogs. The
      reasoning and the selection of TOB as the label are also discussed.

PMID- 6361010
TI  - Post-proline cleaving enzyme (prolyl endopeptidase) from bovine brain.
AB  - A post-proline cleaving enzyme [prolyl endopeptidase, EC 3.4.21.26] was purified
      about 3,700-fold from an extract of bovine brain by a series of column
      chromatographies on DEAE-Sephadex, hydroxyapatite and PCMB-T-Sepharose, and gel
      filtration on Sephadex G-200 using N-carbobenzoxy-Gly-Pro-beta-naphthylamide (Z
      Gly-Pro-2-NNap), thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and oxytocin as substrates.
      The purified enzyme appeared homogeneous as judged by disc gel and SDS gel
      electrophoreses. The enzyme was most active at pH 7.5 and 7.2 with Z-Gly-Pro-2
      NNap and TRH, respectively, and hydrolyzed peptide bonds involving Pro-X (X=amino
      acid, peptide, ester and amide) bonds of synthetic substrates, oxytocin,
      vasopressin, neurotensin, substance P, tuftsin, bradykinin, and insulin B chain.
      However, the enzyme was inert toward collagen, gelatin, and casein. The enzyme
      was completely inactivated by diisopropylphosphorofluoridate (DFP), Z-Gly-Pro
      chloromethyl ketone and p-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB), while it was not
      inhibited by phenylmethane sulfonylfluoride (PMSF) or metal chelators.
      Determination of the amino acid composition revealed that the enzyme contained 25
      half-cystines. Modification of three cysteine residues of the enzyme by PCMB led
      to complete inactivation. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was 4.8, and the
      molecular weight was estimated to be 76,000 by ultracentrifugal analysis and
      75,000-74,000 by both gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel
      electrophoresis, suggesting that the enzyme is present as a monomer. These
      results indicate that the post-proline cleaving enzyme from bovine brain is very
      similar to those previously purified from lamb brain and kidney in its enzymatic
      properties, substrate specificity and physicochemical properties, in sharp
      contrast with the results obtained by Tate, who reported that the bovine brain
      prolyl endopeptidase was inert toward oxytocin, vasopressin and bradykinin.

PMID- 6361011
TI  - Magnesium ion induced proton release as a probe for the polyelectrolytic
      structure of ribosomal RNAs and subunits.
AB  - E coli ribosomes and rRNA's released 20 to 50 protons upon jump of magnesium ion
      concentration from 1 mM to 20 mM. The Mg2+-induced proton release was measured
      separately for 16S rRNA, 23S rRNA, 30S subunit, and 50S subunit by a new
      spectrophotometric method that had a much better sensitivity than the pH-stat
      method. The proton release from the subunits and rRNA's were similar in the
      number of protons, the pH dependence that had a minimum at neutral pH, and the
      upward concaveness of the Scatchard plot. From these results, the main source of
      protons in ribosomal subunits was assigned to nucleotide bases of rRNA's that
      showed a downward pKa shift upon Mg2+-ion binding. The subunits and rRNA's,
      however, differed in the proton release. 16S rRNA released protons somewhat more
      effectively than 23S rRNA, while 30S subunit released protons 2 to 5 times more
      effectively than 50S subunit. The marked difference between the two subunits
      suggest that ionizable bases in 16S and 23S rRNA's are covered and their pKa
      values are shifted by ribosomal proteins to different extents. The association of
      30S and 50S subunits induced little proton release, showing that few ionizable
      groups with pKa near neutral pH are involved in the association. E. coli tRNA and
      poly U also showed Mg2+-induced proton release. The amounts of protons released
      from rRNA's, tRNA, and poly U were roughly proportional to the amount of bases
      not hydrogen bonded. The Mg2+-induced proton release from the natural and
      synthetic RNA's can be explained by the electrostatic field effect of
      polyphosphate backbones on bases not hydrogen bonded, as proposed in a previous
      paper. It also reflects the conformational structure of each RNA molecule.

PMID- 6361012
TI  - Change in aggregation state of insulin upon conjugation with 5
      dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl group.
AB  - Change in aggregation state of insulin upon conjugation with 5
      dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl (DNS) group was investigated at neutral pH.
      DNS group was introduced exclusively into B1 phenylalanine, the N-terminus of the
      B-chain of insulin. The association state of insulin shifted toward a more highly
      aggregated one upon conjugation, depending on the mole fraction (d) of DNS group
      to insulin monomer; at d equal 0.3 the equilibrium between dimer and hexamer was
      dominant over the range of 1-600 microM, while at d equal 1.0-1.5 DNS-insulin
      formed a larger aggregate (dodecamer) which is stable over the range of 67-600
      microM. The dissociation constant of dimer-hexamer equilibrium at d=0.3 was
      evaluated to be 2.5 x 10(-10) M2 from the fluorescence anisotropy of the DNS
      group, which was about one order of magnitude smaller than that of the dimer
      hexamer equilibrium in native insulin. Spectroscopic data and fluorescence decay
      analyses indicated that there exist at least two different environments
      surrounding the dye bound to B1 phenylalanine and that they are both relatively
      hydrophilic. It is considered that the major part of DNS group has excitation and
      emission maxima at longer wavelength with relatively low quantum yield, while the
      minor part has excitation and emission maxima at shorter wavelengths with
      relatively high quantum yield. The fluorescence lifetime of the dye was modified
      by the change in quaternary structure of DNS-lifetime of the dye was modified by
      the change in quaternary structure of DNS-insulin. Remarkable depolarization of
      DNS fluorescence was observed at d equal 1.0 and d equal 1.5 due to energy
      transfer between DNS groups conjugated to B1 phenylalanine in the hexamer or the
      dodecamer. Critical transfer distance for inter-DNS energy transfer was evaluated
      to be 15 A. From the molecular model of the insulin crystal, this energy transfer
      is ascribed to the close proximity, within about 15 A, between DNS groups in
      dimer units of the hexamer or the dodecamer.

PMID- 6361013
TI  - Porcine liver succinyltrialanine p-nitroanilide hydrolytic enzyme. Its
      purification and characterization as a post-proline cleaving enzyme.
AB  - Succinyltrialanine p-nitroanilide(STANA)-hydrolytic enzyme was purified 5,200
      fold from porcine liver soluble fraction with a yield of 75% by ammonium sulfate
      fractionation and chromatographies on DEAE-Sephacel, Sephadex G-150, and
      hydroxylapatite columns. The purified enzyme was homogeneous as judged by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence and absence of sodium dodecyl
      sulfate (SDS). The pI of the enzyme was 4.9 by dis gel electrofocusing and the
      molecular weight was calculated to be 72,000 by gel filtration on a Sephadex G
      150 column and 74,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Acidic amino
      acids amounted to 17.2% of the total amino acid residues, and the basic ones,
      12.9%. No hexosamine was detected. The STANA-hydrolytic enzyme showed maximal
      activity at pH 7.4 against succinyltrialanine p-nitroanilide and at pH 6.5
      against succinyl-Gly-Pro-4-methylcoumaryl 7-amide (MCA), and was stable between
      pH 6 and 7 in the presence of dithiothreitol. This enzyme hydrolyzed succinyl-Gly
      Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-MCA, succinyl-Gly-Pro-MCA, succinyl-Ala-Pro-Ala-MCA, and several
      proline-containing natural peptides in addition to succinyltrialanine p
      nitroanilide, but was unable to hydrolyze the substrates of aminopeptidases,
      dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV, trypsin, and chymotrypsin. Elastatinal and
      chymostatin were effective inhibitors and their IC50 values were 8.7
      micrograms/ml and 18.2 micrograms/ml, respectively. The enzyme was completely
      inhibited by 10(-7) M p-chloromercuribenzoic acid (pCMB), 10(-7) M p
      chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid (pCMPS), and 10(-4) M diisopropyl
      phosphofluoridate (DFP), but not by 1 mM E-64, which is known as an inhibitor
      specific to thiol proteinase. The enzyme was easily inactivated by agitation in a
      Vortex mixer, and its activity was recovered by the addition of thiol compounds
      such as dithiothreitol, 2-mercaptoethanol and cysteine. The effects of inhibitors
      and thiol compounds were substantially identical when the enzyme activity was
      measured with either succinyltrialanine p-nitroanilide or succinyl-Gly-Pro-MCA as
      a substrate. These results indicate that the STANA-hydrolytic enzyme in the liver
      soluble fraction is a post-proline cleaving enzyme [EC 3.4.21.26].

PMID- 6361014
TI  - Hormonal regulation of translatable mRNA of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase in primary
      cultures of adult rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase [EC 1.13.11.11] in primary cultures of adult rat
      hepatocytes was induced 3-4 fold by 1 microM dexamethasone and 6-7 fold by
      dexamethasone plus glucagon (0.1 microM). Changes of the enzyme activity, amount
      of enzyme, measured by immunotitration, and rate of enzyme synthesis, assayed by
      measurement of [3H]leucine incorporation into the enzyme protein, were closely
      correlated. Furthermore, in a reticulocyte lysate system for cell-free protein
      synthesis, mRNA of the enzyme was translated to the protein corresponding to the
      subunit of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, which was identified by SDS-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis. The activity of translatable mRNA of the enzyme was
      increased more than 10-fold by dexamethasone and its final content in total mRNA
      was 0.34%. Glucagon alone did not increase mRNA activity, but dexamethasone plus
      glucagon increased mRNA activity to twice that with dexamethasone alone, the
      maximal content of the mRNA being 0.77% of the total mRNA content 12 h after
      addition of hormones. Insulin (0.1 microM) caused 75% inhibition of the maximum
      increase of mRNA activity of the enzyme induced by dexamethasone and glucagon.
      Epinephrine (10 microM) also caused 58% inhibition of the maximum increase.
      Insulin and epinephrine also suppressed increase of mRNA of tryptophan 2,3
      dioxygenase induced by dexamethasone alone. Therefore, dexamethasone alone or
      together with glucagon stimulated transcription of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase
      increasing its mRNA and enzyme synthesis in hepatocytes. Conversely, insulin and
      epinephrine suppressed these increases of mRNA synthesis and thus decreased
      enzyme synthesis.

PMID- 6361015
TI  - Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in tooth germs: mechanisms of
      differentiation.

PMID- 6361016
TI  - Evolution and mammalian dental morphology.
AB  - Evidence for the action of natural selection on the mammalian dentition is
      reviewed. Dental variation largely reflects genetical differences, but
      environmental factors have a significant effect, especially on the later
      developing teeth. Reduction of dental variance with age provides direct evidence
      of selection, but most evidence consists of demonstrations of adaptiveness.
      Dental adaptation is partly external, mainly to the food, and partly internal,
      resulting in the functional integration of teeth with each other, as in occlusal
      relations, and with the neuromuscular system responsible for jaw movements.
      Ontogeny is also adapted to produce a functional end-product. Most interspecific
      differences have not yet been explained in terms of function, and many of them
      may be due to drift.

PMID- 6361017
TI  - A quantitative histological analysis of the effects of age and sex on human
      lingual epithelium.
AB  - After exclusion criteria had eliminated changes of pathological origin, tongues
      were obtained from 86 necropsies evenly divided by sex and age from 16-98 years.
      Epithelium was examined from two precisely defined sites on the lateral and
      dorsal lingual surfaces. Morphometric techniques were employed to determine
      various epithelial parameters. The epithelium was thicker in males but rates of
      ageing change between the sexes were similar. Generally, age changes were similar
      at each site: the mean epithelial thickness underwent a 30% reduction over the
      age range studied; the progenitor cell layer remained of constant thickness but
      its nuclear/cytoplasm ratio reduced significantly; significant reductions also
      occurred in the rete surface area of the lateral epithelium and in the papillary
      surface area of the dorsal epithelium. Although some of the parameters showed
      steeper rates of change in the younger half of the age range, the overall pattern
      of ageing in the lingual epithelium suggested a continuous trend towards atrophy
      and simplification of structure occurring evenly throughout the entire adult life
      span.

PMID- 6361018
TI  - The use of cysteinyl peptides to effect portage transport of sulfhydryl
      containing compounds in Escherichia coli.
AB  - We describe a method by which sulfhydryl compounds may be transported into
      Escherichia coli as the mixed disulfides with a cysteine residue of a di- or
      tripeptide. Transport occurs through the di- or oligopeptide transport systems,
      and it is suggested that subsequent release of the sulfhydryl compound occurs as
      a result of a disulfide exchange reaction with components of the sulfhydryl-rich
      cytoplasm. The free sulfhydryl compounds used here (2-mercaptopyridine and 4-[N
      (2-mercaptoethyl)]aminopyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid) show weak growth
      inhibitory properties in their own right, but disulfide linkage to a cysteinyl
      peptide results in a considerable enhancement (up to 2 orders of magnitude). This
      is the first example of the use of the peptide transport systems of E. coli to
      effect portage transport of a poorly permeant molecule by using attachment to the
      side chain of one of the amino acid residues of a peptide; all previous examples
      have involved the incorporation of amino acid analogues into the peptide
      backbone. The synthesis of cysteinyl peptides containing disulfide-linked 2
      mercaptopyridine is described. Displacement of the 2-mercaptopyridine by
      sulfhydryl compounds of interest proceeds rapidly and quantitatively in aqueous
      alkaline solution to provide the required peptide disulfides.

PMID- 6361019
TI  - Metabolism of alanylalanyl-S-[N-(2-thioethyl)]aminopyridine-2, 6-dicarboxylic
      acid]cysteine by suspensions of Escherichia coli.
AB  - The attachment of 4-[N-2-(mercaptoethyl)]aminopyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid
      (MEPDA) to AlaAlaCys through a disulfide bond to the cysteine residue has been
      described (Boehm, J. C., Kingsbury, W. D., Perry, D., and Gilvarg, C. (1983) J.
      Biol. Chem. 258, 14850-14855). The peptide disulfide showed enhanced growth
      inhibitory properties in Escherichia coli compared to the free sulfhydryl
      compound. Genetic evidence was presented to show that this side chain-modified
      peptide utilizes the oligopeptide transport system to gain entry to the cell.
      Following transport of the peptide, MEPDA is liberated by disulfide exchange
      reactions with sulfhydryl-containing components of the cell pool. In this paper,
      we examine in more detail the metabolism of this peptide. Using gel filtration
      chromatography to examine filtrates from cell suspensions incubated with the
      peptide, it was shown that loss of the peptide from the medium is accompanied by
      a corresponding increase in a component having the properties of MEPDA. The
      release of sulfhydryl groups from the peptide by cell suspensions could be
      monitored by Ellman's reagent and was found to be dependent upon peptide
      transport. Following cleavage of the disulfide bond, MEPDA is able to cross the
      cytoplasmic membrane and exit from the cell as a relatively lipophilic uncharged
      metal chelate.

PMID- 6361020
TI  - Structure of the metJBLF cluster in Escherichia coli K12. Sequence of the metB
      structural gene and of the 5'- and 3'-flanking regions of the metBL operon.
AB  - The total nucleotide sequence (1,158 nucleotides) of the metB gene of Escherichia
      coli coding for cystathionine gamma-synthase (386 amino acid residues, Mr =
      41,503/chain) is presented. The nucleotide sequences of the flanking regions of
      the metB and metL genes are also presented. Analysis of these sequences and
      identification of a promoter region upstream from the metB gene confirms that
      metB and metL form an operon. The transcription direction is from metB to metL;
      the start site of the gene transcription has been determined. There is no
      structural evidence of a classical attenuation mechanism in the regulation of
      this operon coding for enzymes implicated in an amino acid biosynthetic pathway.
      Finally, the overall organization of the metJBLF gene cluster is discussed.

PMID- 6361021
TI  - Appendix. Purification, molecular weight, and NH2-terminal sequence of
      cystathionine gamma-synthase of Escherichia coli.
AB  - The cystathionine gamma-synthase of Escherichia coli has been purified to
      homogeneity. It is a tetramer (Mr = 160,000) composed of identical subunits (Mr
      approximately 40,000). We have determined its amino acid terminal sequence and
      thus localized the starting codon of the metB structural gene.

PMID- 6361022
TI  - The mod A mutant of Dictyostelium discoideum is missing the alpha 1,3-glucosidase
      involved in asparagine-linked oligosaccharide processing.
AB  - The recessive mutation, mod A, in the Dictyostelium discoideum strain M31 results
      in an alteration in the post-translational modification of lysosomal enzymes. We
      now report studies which indicate that mod A is deficient in glucosidase II, an
      enzyme which is involved in the processing of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides.
      [2-3H]Mannose-labeled glycopeptides were prepared from three purified mod A
      lysosomal enzymes and compared to the equivalent glycopeptides from parental
      enzymes. The mod A glycopeptides were deficient in high mannose oligosaccharides
      containing two phosphomannosyl residues and accumulated oligosaccharides with one
      phosphomannosyl residue. The phosphate was present in the form of an acid-stable
      phosphodiester in both instances. There was also an increase in the amount of
      nonphosphorylated high mannose oligosaccharides mod A and these were larger than
      the corresponding material from the parental enzymes. In addition, the
      nonphosphorylated oligosaccharides were only partially degraded by alpha
      mannosidase, indicating the presence of a blocking moiety. In vitro enzyme assays
      demonstrated that the mod A cells cannot remove the inner 1 leads to 3-linked
      glucose from a glucosylated high mannose oligosaccharide. The cells are also
      deficient in membrane-bound neutral p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucosidase activity.
      This activity has been attributed to glucosidase II in other systems. Removal of
      the outer 1 leads to 2-linked glucose from Glc3Man9Glc-NAc2 is normal,
      demonstrating the presence of glucosidase I activity. We conclude from these data
      that M31 cells are deficient in glucosidase II, the enzyme which removes the two
      inner glucose residues from the glucosylated oligosaccharides of newly
      glycosylated proteins. This defect can explain the mod A phenotype and is
      proposed to be the primary genetic defect in these cells.

PMID- 6361023
TI  - Chloroform-soluble nucleotides in Escherichia coli. Role of CDP-diglyceride in
      the enzymatic cytidylylation of phosphomonoester acceptors.
AB  - CDP-diglyceride, the precursor of all the phospholipids in Escherichia coli, is
      cleaved in vitro to phosphatidic acid and CMP by a membrane-bound hydrolase.
      Since the physiological function of CDP-diglyceride hydrolase is unknown, we have
      explored the possibility that this enzyme acts in vivo as either a phosphatidyl-
      or cytidylyltransferase. To distinguish between these two alternatives, partially
      purified hydrolase was incubated with CDP-diglyceride in the presence of 50%
      H218O. Analysis of the reaction products by 31P NMR showed that 18O is
      incorporated exclusively into CMP, suggesting that the enzyme is a
      cytidylyltransferase. This conclusion is further supported by the following
      experimental results: (i) the hydrolase catalyzes the transfer of CMP from CDP
      diglyceride to Pi; (ii) numerous phosphomonoesters, such as glycerol 3-phosphate,
      phosphoserine, and glucose 1-phosphate also function as CMP acceptors, but the
      corresponding compounds lacking the phosphate residues are not substrates for the
      enzyme; and (iii) CDP-diglyceride hydrolase exchanges [32P]phosphatidic acid for
      the phosphatidyl moiety of CDP-diglyceride and 32Pi for the beta-phosphate
      residue of CDP, indicating the involvement of a novel CMP-enzyme complex. These
      data suggest a biosynthetic role for CDP-diglyceride hydrolase, and extend the
      possible functions of CDP-diglyceride in the E. coli envelope.

PMID- 6361024
TI  - Structural characterization of insulin receptors. I. Hydrodynamic properties of
      receptors from turkey erythrocytes.
AB  - Insulin receptors from turkey erythrocyte plasma membranes were solubilized in
      nondenaturing detergents (Triton X-100 and sodium deoxycholate). Their
      hydrodynamic properties were determined by sedimentation analyses in H2O and D2O,
      and gel filtration on Sepharose 4B. Two specific insulin-binding species are
      observed after velocity sedimentation in linear sucrose density gradients: peaks
      I and II. In Triton X-100, the sedimentation coefficient (s20,w), partial
      specific volume (Vc), and Stokes radius (a) for peaks I and II are, respectively,
      10.2 +/- 0.5 S and 6.6 +/- 0.5 S, 0.75 +/- 0.02 ml/g, and 0.76 +/- 0.02 ml/g, and
      89 +/- 3 A and 76 +/- 3 A, to yield Mr = 410,000 +/- 75,000 and 235,000 +/-
      55,000, respectively, for the protein-Triton X-100 complex. The corresponding
      values in deoxycholate solution are: 10.7 +/- 0.5 S and 6.9 +/- 0.5 S, 0.71 +/-
      0.03 ml/g and 0.70 +/- 0.04 ml/g, and 86 +/- 3 A and 69 +/- 3 A for peaks I and
      II, respectively, to yield 360,000 +/- 65,000 and 180,000 +/- 45,000,
      respectively, for the molecular weight of the protein-deoxycholate complex. These
      data are consistent with a model whereby each receptor species binds to one
      micelle of the appropriate detergent. In agreement with this model, it was also
      found that, in both Triton X-100 and deoxycholate, concentrations higher than the
      critical micellar concentration are required in order to maintain discrete
      receptor species in solution. At concentrations below the critical micellar
      concentration, the receptors aggregate to a broad band that sediments faster than
      11.3 S. This is typical of membrane proteins that are stabilized in solution by
      insertion into detergent micelles. Based on these results, the protein molecular
      weights of peaks I and II are estimated to be 355,000 +/- 65,000 and 180,000 +/-
      45,000, respectively. When membranes are treated with the reducing agent
      dithiothreitol, peak I is converted to peak II. This fact, together with the
      estimates obtained for the protein molecular weights of the two receptor species,
      suggests that peak I is a disulfide-linked dimer of peak II. The sedimentation
      characteristics of insulin receptors in many different cell types appear to be
      similar. As with turkey erythrocytes, detergent extracts of membranes from rat
      liver contained two native receptor species whose sedimentation coefficients were
      similar to peaks I and II. However, in all the other cell types examined,
      including rat adipocytes, rat heart muscle, 3T3-L1 adipocytes, 3T3-C2
      fibroblasts, and FAO hepatoma cells, peak I (the native dimer) was the
      predominant species observed.

PMID- 6361025
TI  - Structural characterization of insulin receptors. II. Subunit composition of
      receptors from turkey erythrocytes.
AB  - In the preceding paper (Aiyer, R. A. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 14992-14999), the
      hydrodynamic properties of insulin receptors from turkey erythrocyte plasma
      membranes solubilized in nondenaturing detergents (Triton X-100 and sodium
      deoxycholate) were characterized. Two specific insulin-binding species are
      observed after velocity sedimentation in linear sucrose density gradients: peak
      II whose protein molecular weight (Mp) is 180,000 +/- 45,000 and its disulfide
      linked dimer, peak I (Mp, 355,000 +/- 65,000). This paper describes the subunit
      composition of these species determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Insulin receptors were covalently attached to
      [125I]iodoinsulin with disuccinimidyl suberate. After solubilization in Triton X
      100 or deoxycholate, peaks I and II were separated by sedimentation and subjected
      to SDS-PAGE; the constituent polypeptides were then identified by
      autoradiography. Under reducing conditions, both peaks I and II yield a major
      band of apparent molecular weight (Mapp) of 135,000; this band most likely
      represents the insulin-binding subunit (alpha). Minor bands of lower molecular
      weight are also seen whose significance is not entirely obvious. Under
      nonreducing conditions, peak I yields bands at Mapp = 230,000 and at greater than
      240,000, while peak II yields bands at Mapp = 120,000 and 200,000. When these
      bands were cut out of the gel and subjected to SDS-PAGE following reduction with
      10% beta-mercaptoethanol, all of them produced a single band that migrated with
      Mapp = 135,000. These results indicate that the alpha subunit is linked by
      disulfide bonds to at least one more subunit (beta). It is also apparent that the
      alpha subunit travels with higher mobility (Mapp = 120,000) under nonreducing
      conditions, suggesting the presence of intrachain disulfide bonds. Thus, peak II
      has a minimum subunit composition of alpha beta, where alpha is the insulin
      binding subunit with a minimum Mr = 120,000-135,000 and beta has a minimum Mr =
      80,000-90,000. And peak I, the disulfide-linked dimer of peak II, has a minimum
      subunit composition of alpha 2 beta 2. These results were further confirmed by
      cross-linking of protein subunits with glutaraldehyde, an (alpha, omega)
      dialdehyde that reacts with amino groups. Within the limits of error, these
      molecular weights are in agreement with those estimated from the hydrodynamic
      properties of the detergent-solubilized, native receptor species reported in the
      preceding paper.

PMID- 6361026
TI  - The catalytic mechanism of yeast thiosulfate reductase.
AB  - Thiosulfate reductase catalyzes the desulfuration of thiosulfonates while
      oxidizing GSH to GSSG. Kinetic studies of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction between
      GSH and benzenethiosulfonate have been carried out, and direct evidence for the
      occurrence of glutathione persulfide as an immediate product of the reaction has
      been obtained. The formal mechanism of this enzymic reaction has been shown to be
      rapid equilibrium-ordered with GSH as the leading substrate.

PMID- 6361027
TI  - Spontaneous, elongation factor G independent translocation of Escherichia coli
      ribosomes.
AB  - In a classical translocation experiment, deacylated RNA is bound to the ribosomal
      peptidyl-tRNA site (P site) and N-acetyl-phenylalanyl-tRNA (AcPhe-tRNA) to the
      aminoacyl-tRNA site (A site); upon addition of elongation factor (EF-G) and GTP,
      AcPhe-tRNA is translocated from the A to the P site. Here, we demonstrate a model
      reaction for a spontaneous, EF-G independent translocation. If AcPhe-tRNA is
      bound to the P site and Phe-tRNA to the A site at 15 mM Mg2+, then at 37 degrees
      C up to 60% of the AcPhe2-tRNA formed is found at the P site without the addition
      of EF-G. We demonstrate the following: 1) the spontaneous translocation is not
      merely illusory as a result of Phe-tRNA binding directly to the P site; 2) it is
      not mimicked by release of AcPhe2-tRNA from an A site and rebinding to a P site
      of another ribosome; 3) it is not caused by an EF-G contaminant present in the 70
      S preparation, since without EF-G the spontaneous translocation works equally
      well in the presence of guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate or fusidic acid; 4) AcPhe2
      tRNA evidently has a higher affinity for the P site than AcPhe-tRNA, thus
      promoting the spontaneous translocation; and 5) peptide-bond formation favors the
      subsequent translocation. Addition of EF-G increases the initial rate by a factor
      of 13. Furthermore, at 15 mM Mg2+, 37 degrees C and in the presence of EF-G and
      GTP, Phe-tRNA cannot be translocated from the A to the P site, if the P site is
      occupied by deacylated tRNA. With the spontaneous translocation system, all
      reactions of the elongation cycle are cooperatively interconnected; i.e. upon
      binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A site, a significant portion of the ribosomes
      performs a complete round of the elongation cycle without the addition of
      elongation factor EF-G.

PMID- 6361028
TI  - Enzyme action at 3' termini of ionizing radiation-induced DNA strand breaks.
AB  - gamma-Irradiation of DNA in vitro produces two types of single strand breaks.
      Both types of strand breaks contain 5'-phosphate DNA termini. Some strand breaks
      contain 3'-phosphate termini, some contain 3'-phosphoglycolate termini (Henner,
      W.D., Rodriguez, L.O., Hecht, S. M., and Haseltine, W. A. (1983) J. Biol. Chem.
      258, 711-713). We have studied the ability of prokaryotic enzymes of DNA
      metabolism to act at each of these types of gamma-ray-induced 3' termini in DNA.
      Neither strand breaks that terminate with 3'-phosphate nor 3'-phosphoglycolate
      are substrates for direct ligation by T4 DNA ligase. Neither type of gamma-ray
      induced 3' terminus can be used as a primer for DNA synthesis by either
      Escherichia coli DNA polymerase or T4 DNA polymerase. The 3'-phosphatase activity
      of T4 polynucleotide kinase can convert gamma-ray-induced 3'-phosphate but not 3'
      phosphoglycolate termini to 3'-hydroxyl termini that can then serve as primers
      for DNA polymerase. E. coli alkaline phosphatase is also unable to hydrolyze 3'
      phosphoglycolate groups. The 3'-5' exonuclease actions of E. coli DNA polymerase
      I and T4 DNA polymerase do not degrade DNA strands that have either type of gamma
      ray-induced 3' terminus. E. coli exonuclease III can hydrolyze DNA with gamma-ray
      induced 3'-phosphate or 3'-phosphoglycolate termini or with DNase I-induced 3'
      hydroxyl termini. The initial action of exonuclease III at 3' termini of ionizing
      radiation-induced DNA fragments is to remove the 3' terminal phosphate or
      phosphoglycolate to yield a fragment of the same nucleotide length that has a 3'
      hydroxyl terminus. These results suggest that repair of ionizing radiation
      induced strand breaks may proceed via the sequential action of exonuclease, DNA
      polymerase, and DNA ligase. The possible role of exonuclease III in repair of
      gamma-radiation-induced strand breaks is discussed.

PMID- 6361029
TI  - Molecular cloning of DNA complementary to rat L-type pyruvate kinase mRNA.
      Nutritional and hormonal regulation of L-type pyruvate kinase mRNA concentration.
AB  - Rat liver L-type pyruvate kinase mRNA was enriched from total polysomes by
      immunoprecipitation with a specific antibody and Staphylococcus aureus cells.
      Double-stranded cDNA synthesized from the enriched mRNA was inserted into the
      PstI site of pBR322, and the resultant recombinant DNA molecules were used to
      transform Escherichia coli. Three clones containing DNA complementary to L-type
      pyruvate kinase mRNA were identified by colony hybridization, hybrid-selected
      translation, and dot blot hybridization. A partial restriction endonuclease map
      of cDNA inserts was constructed covering about 1.86 kilobase pairs. The cDNA
      insert of recombinant plasmid pLPK-14 was used as a hybridization probe to
      quantitate L-type pyruvate kinase mRNA in rat liver after various treatments. The
      level of hybridizable L-type enzyme mRNA was markedly increased by a high
      carbohydrate diet. Diabetes greatly reduced the mRNA level in the liver of rats
      maintained on a high carbohydrate diet, but insulin administration resulted in
      restoration of the mRNA level to normal within 24 h. These changes were
      approximately proportional to the changes in the level of translatable L-type
      pyruvate kinase mRNA. Thus, we conclude that nutritional and hormonal regulation
      of synthesis of hepatic L-type pyruvate kinase occurs at the pretranslational
      level.

PMID- 6361030
TI  - The architecture of the animal fatty acid synthetase. I. Proteolytic dissection
      and peptide mapping.
AB  - The vertebrate fatty acid synthetase complex consists of two, apparently
      identical, subunits which contain seven catalytic centers and an acyl carrier
      site. As a prelude to studying the functional organization of this system, a
      comprehensive proteolytic analysis of the chicken fatty acid synthetase subunit
      has been carried out. Of 24 proteases tested, seven (chymotrypsin, elastase,
      trypsin, Myxobacter protease, subtilisins A and B, and kallikrein) were found to
      be capable of inflicting specific cleavages in the native enzyme. The proteolytic
      profiles were analyzed with respect to both the kinetics and the size of the
      fragments generated. The relationships between the various fragments were further
      delineated by combinatorial digestions. All of the data points to the fact that
      the subunits are indeed identical. The cleavage patterns indicate that the fatty
      acid synthetase subunit is primarily arranged into three major domains of Mr
      127,000, 107,000, and 33,000, since these fragments are commonly produced by most
      of the proteases. The latter peptides may be further subdivided and mapped by the
      action of individual enzymes into a number of distinct regions: the 127,000
      domain into fragments of Mr 60,000, 45,000, and 23,000; the 107,000 domain into
      fragments of Mr 14,000, 56,000, 21,000, and 15,000; all aligned accordingly. This
      proteolytic map serves as a reference for the controlled dissection of the fatty
      acid synthetase complex, thereby allowing determination of the location of
      functional centers within the parent polypeptide.

PMID- 6361031
TI  - The architecture of the animal fatty acid synthetase. III. Isolation and
      characterization of beta-ketoacyl reductase.
AB  - Sequential treatment of the chicken liver fatty acid synthetase by trypsin and
      subtilisin cleaved the Mr 267,000 subunit to 6-8 polypeptides, ranging in
      molecular weights from 15,000 to 94,000. Fractionation of the digest by ammonium
      sulfate and chromatography on a Procion Red HE3B affinity column permitted the
      isolation of a polypeptide (Mr = 94,000) containing the beta-ketoacyl reductase
      activity but no other partial activities normally associated with the synthetase.
      The specific activity of the beta-ketoacyl reductase increased 2 to 3 times in
      this fraction, an increase that is within the expected range based on relative
      molecular weight. The kinetic parameters of this fraction towards NADPH and N
      acetyl-S-acetoacetyl cysteamine were essentially the same as the beta-ketoacyl
      reductase component of the intact synthetase. However, the purified fragment did
      not catalyze the reduction of acetoacetyl-S-CoA derivative, a substrate that is
      readily reduced by the intact synthetase. Fluorescence measurements with etheno
      NADP+ indicate the binding of about 1 mol of NADP+/94,000 daltons, a value which
      is in agreement with the results obtained from fluorescence measurements with
      NADPH and the binding of a radiolabeled photoaffinity analog of NADP+.
      Phenylglyoxal inhibits the beta-ketoacyl reductase activity of either the intact
      synthetase or the isolated fragment, suggesting the involvement of an essential
      arginine at or near the active site. Another fragment (Mr 36,000) containing beta
      ketoacyl reductase activity was isolated from the synthetase after
      kallikrein/subtilisin double digestion. Previous mapping studies had shown that
      this fragment lies adjacent to the COOH-terminal thioesterase domain and overlaps
      the tryptic Mr 94,000 peptide by approximately 21 daltons. This fragment, but not
      the Mr 94,000 fragment, was found to contain the phosphopantetheine prosthetic
      group, indicating that the acyl carrier protein moiety is located in the 15,000
      dalton segment that separates the beta-ketoacyl reductase from the thioesterase
      domain.

PMID- 6361032
TI  - Selective block of albumin gene expression in chick embryo hepatocytes cultured
      without hormones and its partial reversal by insulin.
AB  - Rates of synthesis of albumin and transferrin were compared with the levels of
      their cognate mRNAs in primary monolayer cultures of chick embryo hepatocytes
      over a period of 72 h. These liver cells were exposed, from the onset of culture,
      only to a chemically defined medium devoid of hormonal or macromolecular
      supplement. Synthesis of transferrin was constant whereas synthesis of albumin
      diminished to near 0 in 3 days. RNA prepared from hepatocyte monolayers,
      maintained for various lengths of time in culture, was translated in wheat germ
      extracts and Xenopus oocytes. Translation products were immunoprecipitated and
      analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In
      addition, total RNA from the cultured cells was hybridized to labeled cDNA probes
      to determine the number of sequences specific for each protein. Albumin mRNA was
      found to decrease with time in culture in all three assay systems, while
      transferrin mRNA remained constant. Analysis of the kinetics suggests a selective
      decay, with a half-life of 7 h, of the amount of albumin-specific RNA present at
      the beginning of culture. Apparently, in the hormone-deprived hepatocytes, there
      is little or no further transcription of the albumin gene. After addition of
      insulin to the cultures, albumin mRNA levels increased, suggesting an effect of
      this hormone on albumin gene utilization.

PMID- 6361033
TI  - Close contacts between H1 histone molecules in nuclei.
AB  - H1 histone homodimer has been purified from nuclei treated with either long
      (dimethylsuberimidate, dimethyl dithiobisproprionimidate) or short (ethyl
      dimethylaminocarbodiimide) cross-linking reagents. When such H1 dimers were
      cleaved with N-bromosuccinimide, chymotrypsin, or staphylococcal protease,
      analysis of the resulting fragments suggests that the major cross-links were
      formed between the COOH-terminal portions of neighboring H1 molecules, and that
      substantial bridging can also be made between the NH2-terminal portion of one H1
      molecule and the COOH-terminal portion of another. NH2-terminal to NH2-terminal
      cross-links were not seen at significant levels, suggesting that the position of
      the NH2-terminal portion of H1 in chromatin is more restricted.

PMID- 6361034
TI  - Anaphylactic reactions following the intradiscal injection of chymopapain under
      local anesthesia.
AB  - During the twelve-year period from January 1, 1970, through December 31, 1981,
      4,282 patients with the diagnosis of herniated nucleus pulposus were treated by
      intradiscal injection of chymopapain under local anesthesia. Fifteen (0.35 per
      cent) of these patients sustained an anaphylactic reaction as defined by us.
      Twelve patients had subjective early warning signs before their blood pressure
      decreased, including a total-body burning or tingling sensation (five patients),
      a general feeling of ill health (four patients), and diffuse pruritus (three
      patients). Profound hypotension without subjective warning symptoms was the first
      indication of anaphylaxis in three patients. In all patients, hypotension
      requiring vigorous treatment was the life-threatening clinical manifestation of
      anaphylaxis, but respiratory distress severe enough to require endotracheal
      intubation did not occur. There were no deaths or known sequelae. Ten of the
      fifteen patients were women. Review of the medical histories of the fifteen
      patients and follow-up telephone interviews did not identify any other pre
      disposing factor for the anaphylaxis. Twelve of the fifteen patients obtained
      complete relief of the symptoms of disc herniation. The advantage of the use of
      local rather than general anesthesia for chymopapain injection is that the
      patient remains responsive and can give an early warning of the subjective
      symptoms of anaphylaxis if they appear. This potential for early diagnosis allows
      early and aggressive treatment with intravenous fluids, epinephrine, steroids,
      and antihistamines, which can be effective in preventing death or permanent
      sequelae. In our experience, general anesthesia and routine endotracheal
      intubation are not necessary for intradiscal injection of chymopapain.

PMID- 6361035
TI  - Chymopapain, chemonucleolysis, and nucleus pulposus regeneration.
AB  - In the adult mongrel dog, in vivo injection of chymopapain into the
      intervertebral disc resulted in disc-space narrowing at two weeks, with a
      complete loss of proteoglycan (as indicated by safranin-O staining) from the
      nucleus pulposus, the cartilaginous end-plates, and the annulus fibrosus. As
      demonstrated by [35S]sulphate-labeling and proteoglycan isolation, the nucleus
      pulposus retained the ability to synthesize proteoglycans, but these were
      degraded by endogenous proteolytic activity. Three months after chymopapain
      treatment the intervertebral disc showed an increase in height. There was a
      return of intense safranin-O staining in the annulus and the cartilaginous end
      plates, and very prominently in the nucleus. The proteoglycans that were present
      were recovered as aggregates, with the proteoglycan monomer being slightly larger
      than in the controls. Six months after chymopapain treatment the intervertebral
      disc had increased further in height, and normal histology had been restored. The
      chemical composition and physical properties of the proteoglycans that were
      isolated from the nucleus pulposus were essentially the same as those from the
      controls. These observations suggest that the nucleus can regenerate following
      the injection of chymopapain. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our observations demonstrate
      that chymopapain has a profound but reversible effect on the intervertebral disc.
      The radiographic narrowing of the intervertebral disc following chymopapain
      injection correlates with the loss of proteoglycan content and structure. The
      restoration of normal disc height following chymopapain injection is explained by
      reconstitution of the intervertebral disc with normal proteoglycans. In
      experimental animals, chemonucleolysis with chymopapain appears to be less likely
      than surgical excision to permanently alter the biochemistry of the nucleus
      pulposus.

PMID- 6361036
TI  - Surgical treatment of giant-cell tumor of the spine. The experience at the
      Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli.
AB  - We reviewed the cases of nine patients with a giant-cell tumor of the vertebrae.
      All segments of the spine can be affected by the tumor, but there was a
      predilection for the lumbar segments in our series. Pain was present in all
      patients. The maximum duration before the diagnosis was made was three years and
      the minimum, forty-five days (average, 12.2 months). In six patients a neural
      deficit was also present. One patient was treated many years ago by radiation
      therapy alone; three patients were treated by decompressive laminectomy; two, by
      excision of the lesion and postoperative radiation therapy; and three patients
      underwent lesional but extensive excision as well as arthrodesis without any
      preoperative or postoperative radiation therapy. We have obtained good results
      with the latter treatment; after follow-ups of sixty, twenty-six, and twenty-four
      months in three patients the pain and the neural symptoms subsided, while
      roentgenographic examination showed no evidence of local recurrence. In all
      patients the autogenous bone grafts appeared to be incorporated, without any
      secondary deformity. We concluded that, due to the development of better surgical
      techniques, the surgical approach is probably the best modern treatment for a
      giant-cell tumor located in the spine.

PMID- 6361037
TI  - Comparison of different bone-biopsy techniques for qualitative and quantitative
      diagnosis of metabolic bone diseases.
AB  - In this study we evaluated different biopsy techniques for the quantitative study
      of bone histology. Bone biopsies were done using an electric drill and a Jamshidi
      needle after tetracycline double-labeling in patients with renal bone disease,
      osteoporosis, or Paget's disease. Bone slides were stained with Masson-Goldner
      stain and evaluated for quantitative static and dynamic parameters of bone
      structure, formation, and resorption. Statistical evaluation of the differences
      and correlations between histomorphometric parameters obtained from slides of
      bone samples thirty-five millimeters long and five or three millimeters in
      diameter revealed that three-millimeter samples were sufficient for qualitative
      diagnosis but were not optimum for the quantitative evaluation of cellular
      parameters of resorption and dynamic parameters of formation. A useful compromise
      might be the use of a four-millimeter specimen obtained with the less invasive
      technique that hitherto has been employed only for smaller samples. CLINICAL
      RELEVANCE: Several bone-biopsy techniques are available that provide bone samples
      of different sizes. Knowledge of the smallest sample size that is sufficient for
      qualitative and quantitative diagnosis of metabolic bone diseases will help the
      physician to select the least-invasive techniques without losing relevant
      information.

PMID- 6361038
TI  - Bone histology in adults with aseptic necrosis. Histomorphometric evaluation of
      iliac biopsies in seventy-seven patients.
AB  - We studied the bone histology by histomorphometric methods in transiliac bone
      biopsy specimens from seventy-seven adult patients with aseptic osteonecrosis and
      normal kidney function. The trabecular bone volume, trabecular osteoid volume,
      trabecular osteoid surfaces, thickness index of osteoid seams, total resorption
      surfaces, calcification rate, tetracycline-labeled surfaces, and bone-formation
      rate at the basic multicellular unit level and at the tissue level were
      determined. Histological evidence of osteomalacia was found in nine patients, of
      whom four were alcoholics. In the remaining sixty-eight patients--fifteen treated
      with corticosteroids, twenty-nine alcoholics, and twenty-four who did not have
      any detectable etiological factor--a common histomorphometric profile was found.
      This consisted morphologically of a reduction in trabecular bone volume and in
      the thickness of osteoid seams, and dynamically of a reduction in calcification
      rate and in total labeled surfaces. All of these changes suggested a marked
      decrease in osteoblastic appositional rate and in bone-formation rate at the cell
      and tissue levels. This could induce a healing defect of microfractures and thus
      facilitate subchondral fractures. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This histological study
      indicated that non-apparent bone disease--either osteoporosis or osteomalacia-
      may underlie aseptic osteonecrosis in almost all patients, and be found even when
      blood and urinary biochemical parameters, usually reflecting bone-remodeling, are
      normal. An iliac-crest bone biopsy with static and dynamic histomorphometric
      study is the appropriate method for detecting these abnormalities. These results
      are of importance for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying
      osteonecrosis as well as its prevention and treatment.

PMID- 6361039
TI  - Transverse myelitis following chemonucleolysis. Report of a case.

PMID- 6361040
TI  - Chymopapain in intradiscal therapy.

PMID- 6361041
TI  - Studies on the antigenicity of bone. II. Donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies in
      human recipients of freeze-dried allografts.
AB  - Freeze-dried bone allografts from donors of known tissue type evoked donor
      specific anti-HLA antibodies in nine of forty-three patients (forty-four
      procedures). Eight of the nine sensitized patients were followed
      roentgenographically for an average of twenty-three months and were known to have
      had a satisfactory resolution of the benign process for which the graft was
      employed. The ninth patient was doing well when lost to follow-up four months
      after receiving a bone allograft. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The questions of whether
      immune responses to bone allografts occur in humans and, if so, adversely
      influence the incorporation of the graft can be answered at this time only by
      demonstrating the presence and frequency of such responses and how they correlate
      with clinical events. A large variety of techniques can be used to demonstrate
      immune responses. The technique that we used revealed that a small group of
      patients became sensitized to HLA antigens that were known to be present in the
      allograft donor but none of the recipients had evidence of adverse effects caused
      by the graft, as judged non-invasively.

PMID- 6361042
TI  - Biologic characterization of human bone tumors. II. Distribution of different
      collagen types in osteosarcoma--a combined histologic, immunofluorescence and
      electron microscopic study.
AB  - Sixteen cases of typical highly malignant osteosarcoma were investigated by
      light, electron, and immunofluorescence microscopy to demonstrate the presence of
      collagen types I-III. It was shown that, in light-microscopically anaplastic
      areas of the tumor, collagen type III predominates, while only very few membranes
      of collagen type I are observed. Ultrastructurally, the cells are characterized
      by numerous free ribosomes in their cytoplasm and only a few membranes of
      granular endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In osteoblastic areas, collagen type I is
      increased, while type-III collagen is decreased. The cytoplasm of cells contains
      markedly more granular ER. An increasing mineralization of matrix is observed. In
      fibroblastic areas of the tumors, collagen types I and III are codistributed.
      Tumor cells have a fibroblast appearance with elongated nuclei and well developed
      granular ER. The chondroblastic areas, characterized by immature neoplastic
      cartilage, contain varying amounts of collagen type II. Chondroblast-like tumor
      cells have typical ring-shaped membranes of granular ER in their cytoplasm. The
      evidence of different collagen types in osteosarcomas lends additional support to
      the concept that a pluripotent mesenchymal cell is the stem cell of
      osteosarcomas.

PMID- 6361043
TI  - Myocytes and fibroblasts exhibit functional synergism in mixed cultures of
      neonatal rat heart cells.
AB  - Cardiac cells obtained from neonatal rat heart contain a mixed population of cell
      types that can be enriched in culture in either myocytes or fibroblast-like
      cells. A metabolic comparison of mixed heart cell cultures with enriched cultures
      of the same age-in-culture and initial cell density showed that mixed cultures
      used glucose more rapidly than either enriched myocytes or fibroblasts. Mixed
      cultures were shown to respond to deprivation of insulin and of serum with
      decreases in the rate of glucose usage and decreases in the protein content of
      cells, whereas enriched cultures did not respond in the expected manner to
      insulin deprivation. Mixed, 11-day-old cells also exhibited greater increases in
      cellular protein and greater resistance to the stress of starvation than enriched
      cultures. Palmitate usage, however, was similar in all cultures examined. We
      conclude that mixed cultures may serve as a better model system to study cardiac
      metabolism and to monitor the effects of drugs and hormones on the neonatal
      myocardium. In addition, it is clear from our results that myocytes and
      fibroblastic-like cells coexist in a metabolically functional synergism.

PMID- 6361044
TI  - A quantitative analysis of the aging of human glial cells in culture.
AB  - The kinetics of aging of normal human diploid brain cells in culture have been
      determined using the miniclone technique in which cells are cloned in the
      presence of a large number of other cells. The miniclone technique records the
      behaviour of every viable cell in the sample, not merely those cells capable of
      forming visible clones. This technique permits the direct measurement of the
      reproductive potential of individual cells growing in bulk culture and of the
      dispersion of the sizes of colonies generated by dividing cells. The fraction of
      cells that are able to divide declines smoothly and continuously from the
      beginning of in vitro cultures of human glial cells. There is a broad
      distribution of colony sizes; even at the earliest passages there are significant
      numbers of small colonies. With increasing age of the culture there is a shift in
      the distribution, so that fewer large colonies and more small colonies occur. The
      distribution of intermitotic times is almost identical in young and middle-aged
      cultures. Our data seem to exclude quite positively any description in terms of a
      catastrophe or any abrupt change in the population. On the contrary, the decline
      in reproductive potential may be described adequately either as a linear change
      with time, or as predicted by the mortality theory of Shall and Stein (1979), in
      which the single constant, gamma, describes the change in reproductive potential
      over the entire lifetime.

PMID- 6361045
TI  - Hormonal regulation of discrete portions of the cell cycle: commitment to DNA
      synthesis is commitment to cellular division.
AB  - Density-arrested human fibroblasts were stimulated to traverse G0/G1 and initiate
      DNA synthesis by the addition of medium containing either serum or a combination
      of platelet-derived growth factor and platelet-poor plasma. Medium containing a
      combination of epidermal growth factor and high concentrations of insulin also
      stimulated DNA synthesis in platelet factor-treated quiescent cells. Platelet
      factor was required only to initiate proliferation. Epidermal growth factor and
      insulin then allowed G1 traverse and commitment to DNA synthesis. Cells could
      complete S, G2, and M in unsupplemented medium lacking peptide growth factors.

PMID- 6361046
TI  - [Abdominal sympathoma in adults. Apropos of 3 cases, with review of the
      literature].
AB  - Three cases of abdominal sympathoma, a tumor generally affecting young children,
      presented with clinical symptomatology differing from that observed in infants.
      Diagnosis is much more difficult and the prognosis constantly fatal.

PMID- 6361047
TI  - A critical examination of the utilisation of serum coated grids to increase
      particle numbers for length determination of rod-shaped plant viruses.
AB  - In this report we examined the use of immuno-electron microscopy (IEM) as a
      method of obtaining a higher density of particles on a grid for measurement
      purposes. We examined the use for rod-shaped plant viruses and found that IEM
      does change the observed population of particles by producing a much higher
      proportion of small particles than is seen under conditions of negatively stained
      sap preparations (e.g. leaf-dip techniques). The results clearly indicate that
      the technique of IEM is not suitable as a means of increasing particle numbers
      for length distribution determinations.

PMID- 6361048
TI  - Extremely high levels of natural killer cells in angioimmunoblastic
      lymphadenopathy.
AB  - Analysis of peripheral blood leukocytes from a patient with angioimmunoblastic
      lymphadenopathy using monoclonal antibodies and the fluorescence-activated cell
      sorter showed an unusually high proportion of cells that were OKT10+OKM1+63D3-.
      Since a large proportion of the large granular lymphocytes associated with
      natural killing in humans bears this surface phenotype, both blood and lymph node
      cells were subsequently tested for cell-mediated cytotoxicity in natural killer
      (NK)-cell assays. Following chemotherapy, both cells bearing the NK surface
      phenotype and the NK cytotoxicity disappeared and a population of cells, bearing
      none of the typical lymphocyte or monocyte markers, became dominant. At this
      point the patient was diagnosed as having immunoblastic sarcoma and shortly
      thereafter succumbed to his disease. In the few cases where extremely high levels
      of NK activity have been reported, the tumor cells themselves have been
      responsible for cell-mediated cytotoxicity. In this case, the final tumor
      population had no NK activity. Thus either a subpopulation of cytotoxic tumor
      cells was destroyed by chemotherapy or the patient had expanded numbers of NK
      cells reacting against his tumor prior to therapy.

PMID- 6361049
TI  - Rapid and economical identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test
      methodology for urinary tract pathogens.
AB  - To decrease the time and cost of processing urine cultures, we devised a critical
      pathway to identify and perform antibiotic susceptibility tests on commonly
      isolated microbial pathogens within 6 h of growth detection. The strategy was
      based on eliminating expensive kits and automated procedures when not required. A
      pathway utilizing a statistical matrix and three rapid biochemical tests required
      to identify the most common pathogen, Escherichia coli, was developed. This
      species, which represented 82% of urinary isolates, was identified in 1 h for
      less than 10% the cost of a commercial kit. The specificity of the 1-h E. coli
      identification battery was greater than or equal to 99.9% with a sensitivity of
      93%. In addition, this critical pathway, adapting published methods, permitted
      the identification of other enteric pathogens, the group D streptococci, and
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa within 4 to 6 h. Furthermore, it accounted for other
      microbes that required longer periods of incubation. The pathway also included a
      rapid disk diffusion sensitivity test. Utilizing the critical pathway strategy,
      76% (E. coli frequency of 0.82 X E. coli sensitivity of 0.93) of all urinary
      pathogens were identified within 1 h, and 98% were identified within 4 h with an
      antibiotic sensitivity test available within 6 h after the observation of growth.
      Costs were reduced from 2.5 to 5.0 times. This methodology is applicable to other
      specimen types.

PMID- 6361050
TI  - Evaluation of the AutoSCAN-3, a device for reading microdilution trays.
AB  - The AutoSCAN-3 (American MicroScan, Mahwah, N.J.) is an instrument capable of
      automated reading of commercially available microdilution trays for
      identification and quantitative susceptibility testing of rapidly growing
      bacteria. This study compared the results of visual and automated reading of
      microdilution trays for determination and interpretation of minimum inhibitory
      concentrations of 471 selected gram-negative and gram-positive clinical bacterial
      isolates. Visual and automated readings were performed in a double-blind fashion,
      and all discrepancies were examined by a referee. A quantitative comparison of
      minimum inhibitory concentrations was performed for 201 organisms, yielding 2,472
      drug-organism combinations. After exclusion of off-scale values, complete
      quantitative agreement was obtained in 94% of 959 on-scale combinations, and
      agreement within +/- 1 well was obtained in 99.3%. Considering the minimum
      inhibitory concentration interpretations routinely furnished by the instrument, a
      qualitative comparison was performed for all 471 organisms. Complete agreement in
      interpretation was obtained in 97.6% of 5,843 drugs-organism combinations, with
      very major discrepancies accounting for only 0.1% and major discrepancies
      accounting for 0.2% of all combinations tested.

PMID- 6361051
TI  - Clinical comparison of the AutoMicrobic system gram-positive identification card,
      API Staph-Ident, and conventional methods in the identification of coagulase
      negative Staphylococcus spp.
AB  - In an effort to rapidly identify coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), a
      clinical comparison was conducted with the AutoMicrobic system Gram-Positive
      Identification Card (GPI) (Vitek Systems, Inc.), the API Staph-Ident (Analytab
      Products), and the conventional methods of W. E. Kloos and K. H. Schleifer (W. E.
      Kloos and K. H. Schleifer, J. Clin. Microbiol. 1:82-88, 1975). CNS isolates
      tested included 157 from blood and 33 from urine in pure culture at greater than
      10(5) CFU/ml. S. epidermidis accounted for 79.6 and 60.6% of the isolates from
      blood and urine, respectively. S. saprophyticus was the next most frequent urine
      isolate (27.4%). Other CNS species were isolated from blood and urine specimens
      with frequencies of less than 5%. Overall, the GPI correctly identified 158
      (83.2%) of the 190 CNS, whereas the Staph-Ident identified 124 (65.3%) without
      further testing. This resulted in the GPI and Staph-Ident correctly identifying
      95.9 and 74.5% of the S. epidermidis and 100 and 33% of the S. saprophyticus,
      respectively. The GPI misidentified 8 (47%) of the S. hominis and S. warneri
      isolates as S. saprophyticus, indicating the need for novobiocin testing. These
      data suggest that the GPI is a more definitive method for the rapid
      identification of S. epidermidis than the Staph-Ident and that both systems
      require additional testing to identify S. saprophyticus.

PMID- 6361052
TI  - Kinetic-dependent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies
      to Legionella pneumophila.
AB  - A semiautomated, kinetic-dependent, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (K-ELISA)
      was adapted to detect serum antibodies to Legionella pneumophila. In a
      comparative study, 158 human serum samples (79 pairs) were tested by K-ELISA and
      the standard indirect immunofluorescence assay for determination of antibody
      levels to L. pneumophila serogroup 1. K-ELISA determinations were made by using a
      serogroup-specific antigen or a preparation (unfractionated antigen) which
      contained both common antigen and serogroup-specific reactivity. There was good
      correlation between the immunofluorescence assay and the K-ELISA by using either
      antigen, although greater correlation was achieved with the unfractionated
      antigen (coefficients of correlation, 0.894 with unfractionated antigen and 0.841
      with serogroup-specific antigen). These results indicate that the K-ELISA is a
      reliable alternative to the immunofluorescence assay for serologically diagnosing
      legionellosis.

PMID- 6361053
TI  - Fluorescent-antibody reagents for the identification of Clostridium botulinum.
AB  - Fluorescent-antibody reagents were prepared against vegetative cells of
      representative strains of each physiological group and toxin type of Clostridium
      botulinum known to have caused botulism in humans. A fluorescent-antibody reagent
      was also prepared for C. botulinum type G, which has been isolated from autopsy
      specimens but which has not clearly been implicated in botulism. These
      fluorescent-antibody reagents were evaluated against 200 strains of C. botulinum
      and 64 strains of other clostridia. Each reagent reacted with at least a 2+
      intensity with all of the strains in its same toxin type and physiological group.
      Ninety-seven percent of the strains gave at least a 3+ reaction with the
      homologous group or toxin type reagent. Some cross-reactions occurred with
      reagents against different toxin type strains within a physiological group; there
      was less cross-reaction between physiological groups and very little reactivity
      of C. botulinum reagents with nontoxigenic organisms. Absorption of cross
      reacting antibodies was not successful. Certain reagents could be used for
      presumptive laboratory identification of C. botulinum strains causing botulism,
      especially in infants. The type G reagent provided a good means of identifying C.
      botulinum type G, which lacks the lipase marker and whose toxigenicity may be
      more difficult to demonstrate in mixed cultures. There was a serological
      relationship between C. botulinum type G and some strains of Clostridium
      subterminale. This relationship provided evidence of differences between strains
      of C. botulinum type G isolated in two different countries.

PMID- 6361055
TI  - Increased frequency of ColV plasmids and mannose-resistant hemagglutinating
      activity in an Escherichia coli K1 population.
AB  - The expression of traits linked to pathogenicity was studied in a population of
      Escherichia coli K1 strains. It was found that E. coli K1 strains isolated from
      extraintestinal infection harbor the ColV plasmid and express mannose-resistant
      hemagglutinating activity type VI with a high frequency. The presence of these
      properties may play a role in the ability of some E. coli K1 serogroups to
      invade.

PMID- 6361054
TI  - Respiratory syncytial virus detection by immunofluorescence in nasal secretions
      with monoclonal antibodies against selected surface and internal proteins.
AB  - Specimens containing respiratory tract epithelial cells from infants and children
      with acute respiratory disease were evaluated by using an indirect
      immunofluorescence technique with two specific respiratory syncytial virus
      monoclonal antibodies. One (RS/HN 13-1) was directed against a cell surface viral
      antigen, and the other (RS/HN 25-2) was directed against viral antigen present in
      large cytoplasmic inclusions. The same results on presence or absence of
      respiratory syncytial virus were obtained by cell culture and immunofluorescence
      in 93% of 252 patients tested adequately by both methods. The sensitivity of
      indirect immunofluorescence was approximately equal to that of cell culture. A
      total of 84 specimens were positive for RSV by immunofluorescence; 82 of them
      were positive with both monoclones, and the remaining 2 were positive only with
      the monoclone directed against the internal protein. The fluorescence pattern of
      the latter monoclone was unique and easily recognized. Indirect
      immunofluorescence testing with monoclonal antibodies to respiratory syncytial
      virus proved to be a very useful diagnostic technique, and results could be
      obtained within 4 h of specimen collection.

PMID- 6361056
TI  - Rapid latex particle agglutination test for Escherichia coli strains of porcine
      origin producing heat-labile enterotoxin.
AB  - A latex particle agglutination test previously shown to be suitable for the rapid
      identification of Escherichia coli strains of human origin producing heat-labile
      enterotoxin (R. A. Finkelstein and Z. Yang, J. Clin. Microbiol. 18:23-28) is
      equally applicable to strains of porcine origin.

PMID- 6361057
TI  - Identification of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from swine with
      diarrhea in Thailand by colony hybridization, using three enterotoxin gene
      probes.
AB  - The DNA colony hybridization assay was used to identify enterotoxigenic
      Escherichia coli among E. coli isolated from 803 swine with diarrhea at 10 farms
      in Thailand. Between 5 September and 8 December 1981, enterotoxigenic E. coli
      were identified in 40% of 58 litters of piglets under 10 days old and 17% of 29
      litters between 10 and 21 days old with diarrhea at farms at four different
      locations in Thailand. All E. coli that hybridized with one or more of the three
      enterotoxin gene probes produced heat-labile or heat-stable toxin or both, as
      determined by testing culture supernatants in the Y1 adrenal and suckling mouse
      assays. The DNA colony hybridization technique is a specific method of
      identifying enterotoxigenic E. coli from swine and can be used to further
      characterize these enteric pathogens.

PMID- 6361058
TI  - Selective diagnostic medium for pathogenic Listeria spp.
AB  - Pathogenic Listeria serovars produced hemolysis on agars containing 5% rabbit
      erythrocytes and 10 micrograms of acriflavin, 40 micrograms of nalidixic acid,
      and 7.5 activity units of equi factor per ml. Apathogenic Listeria innocua was
      nonhemolytic on this medium.

PMID- 6361059
TI  - Bacterial growth and endotoxin production in lipid emulsion.
AB  - Klebsiella pneumoniae serotypes 21 and 24 and Enterobacter cloacae were
      responsible for an outbreak of polymicrobial bacteremia associated with the
      receipt of lipid emulsion. Since it is recommended that lipid emulsion be kept
      refrigerated between uses, we undertook a study to determine the growth
      characteristics of these organisms in lipid emulsion at 5 and 25 degrees C and to
      examine the use of alternative measurements (pH and endotoxin) to determine
      contamination by viable and nonviable microorganisms. The bacteria survived but
      did not proliferate at 5 degrees C; no endotoxin was detected, and the pH
      remained unchanged. In contrast, after a 2-h lag phase, all three organisms
      proliferated rapidly when incubated at 25 degrees C and reached concentrations of
      greater than or equal to 10(7) CFU/ml at 24 h. A decrease in pH was detected
      after proliferation to 10(7) CFU/ml. Endotoxin was detected after proliferation
      reached 10(2) CFU/ml. The amount of endotoxin elaborated by the three organisms
      differed and ranged from 0.013 ng per 8 X 10(2) CFU/ml to 1.3 ng per 2 X 10(3)
      CFU/ml at 8 h. Our findings show that these microorganisms do not proliferate at
      refrigerator temperature in lipid emulsion, but can reach significant levels at
      room temperature. It is, therefore, important to keep lipid emulsion refrigerated
      between uses. Furthermore, when lipid emulsion contamination is suspected,
      endotoxin and pH determinations should be considered as possible adjunctive tests
      while results of bacterial cultures are pending. The results of the present study
      are applicable to only selected gram-negative bacteria and may not apply to gram
      positive bacteria and fungi. However, these data demonstrate that measurement of
      pH and detection of endotoxin is quite useful when lipid emulsion contamination
      occurs with selected gram-negative bacteria.

PMID- 6361060
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay compared with neutralization tests for
      evaluation of live mumps vaccines.
AB  - Mumps-specific antibody levels before and after vaccination with live mumps
      vaccines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and
      neutralization tests. A correlation was found between neutralization titers and
      optical density in ELISA. However, postvaccination sera from some vaccinees who
      failed to seroconvert by neutralization contained significant levels of mumps
      specific antibody detectable by ELISA. In some of these serum specimens, the
      antibody directed to the F polypeptide of mumps virus was predominant. Most sera
      positive in ELISA neutralized mumps virus upon the addition of fresh guinea pig
      serum to the virus-serum mixture.

PMID- 6361061
TI  - Comparative evaluation of different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay systems for
      the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, C, and D.
AB  - We compared four versions of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for their
      suitability for detecting staphylococcal enterotoxins. The sandwich with labeled
      antibody proved to be the best. We used it with a sorbent consisting of antibody
      coated polystyrene spheres reacted with 20 ml of food extract. The sensitivity of
      the test was 0.1 ng of enterotoxin per ml, which is far below clinical relevance.
      The succinimidyl-pyridyl-dithio-propionate enzyme coupling method of Pharmacia
      was superior to the two-step glutaraldehyde technique. Interfering protein A was
      eliminated by the simple addition of normal rabbit serum to the extracts. A
      diagnostic kit is now available.

PMID- 6361062
TI  - Characterization of Neisseria cinerea, a nonpathogenic species isolated on Martin
      Lewis medium selective for pathogenic Neisseria spp.
AB  - An asaccharolytic, gram-negative, oxidase-positive diplococcus was isolated on
      Martin-Lewis medium from the cervix of a patient attending an arthritis clinic at
      Seattle Public Health Hospital, Seattle, Wash. This strain, NRL 32165, did not
      produce detectable acid from glucose, maltose, sucrose, fructose, mannitol, or
      lactose in either cystine Trypticase agar (BBL Microbiology Systems,
      Cockeysville, Md.) or modified oxidation-fermentation medium and was identified
      presumptively as a glucose-negative Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain, but was
      identified later as Neisseria cinerea on the basis of its biochemical reactions.
      Nitrate was not reduced, nitrite (0.001%, wt/vol) was reduced, and polysaccharide
      was not produced from sucrose. Proline, arginine, and cystine-cysteine were
      required for growth on defined medium. Strain NRL 32165 did not react with
      antigonococcal protein I monoclonal antibodies and did not produce immunoglobulin
      A protease. In DNA:DNA homology studies with N. gonorrhoeae NRL 8038 (F62) and N.
      cinerea type strain NRL 30003, strain NRL 32165 showed 95% homology relative to
      N. cinerea and 44% homology relative to N. gonorrhoeae. Thus, the identity of
      strain NRL 32165 was confirmed as N. cinerea (von Lingelsheim 1906) Murray 1939.
      Of all Neisseria spp., N. cinerea is most likely to be misidentified as a glucose
      negative N. gonorrhoeae strain.

PMID- 6361063
TI  - Comparison of the API Staph-Ident and DMS Staph-Trac systems with conventional
      methods used for the identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci.
AB  - Two commercial kit systems, the API Staph-Ident system (Analytab Products, Inc.,
      Plainview, N.Y.) and the DMS Staph-Trac system (DMS Laboratories, Inc.,
      Flemington, N.J.), were compared with conventional methods for the identification
      of nine species of coagulase-negative staphylococci. The API Staph-Ident system,
      a biochemical and chromogenic substrate micromethod, correctly identified 95 of
      120 (79.2%) clinical isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci after 5 h of
      incubation. The DMS Staph-Trac system, a miniaturized biochemical test system
      which requires a 24-h incubation period, correctly identified 106 (88.3%) of the
      same isolates. Both commercial systems were similar in cost and amount of
      technologist time required to inoculate and read each system. The clinical value
      of routine species identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci has not yet
      been established. The decision by clinical laboratories of whether to adopt this
      practice will be greatly facilitated by the availability of commercial kit
      systems which are both rapid and accurate.

PMID- 6361064
TI  - Splenic abscess caused by Shigella flexneri and Bacteroides fragilis.
AB  - We report a case of splenic abscess from which only Shigella flexneri (serotype
      1a) and Bacteroides fragilis were isolated. The patient was a 59-year-old
      diabetic female who displayed minimal gastrointestinal symptoms. The S. flexneri
      isolate was resistant to chloramphenicol and tetracycline. The possible
      synergistic relationship between the two organisms is discussed.

PMID- 6361066
TI  - Immunohistochemical study with an anti-myelin serum. A marker for all glial cells
      except 'dark' oligodendrocytes.
AB  - The usefulness of an anti-myelin antiserum as a possible marker for glial cells
      and related structures was investigated using rat brain. As expected, the myelin
      fibers were heavily stained but the neuronal cells and their processes were
      unreactive. The oligodendrocytes, identified on electron microscopy, revealed
      labelling of only the light and medium types, but not the dark cells. These
      results indicate that the suggested morphological classification of
      oligodendrocytes may be based on varying amounts of myelin antigen synthesis.
      Astrocytes from all areas, Golgi epithelial cells, Bergmann fibers and some
      subependymal cells also reacted with this anti-myelin antiserum but the staining
      was abolished completely by preabsorption with kidney powder. In contrast, the
      myelin fibers and the light and medium oligodendrocytes could still be labelled.
      We conclude that this anti-myelin antiserum should prove useful in studies of
      oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system.

PMID- 6361065
TI  - Lyme disease: a selective medium for isolation of the suspected etiological
      agent, a spirochete.
AB  - A simple procedure with a new selective culture medium for the isolation of the
      suspected etiological agent of Lyme disease from ticks is described. Live ticks
      (Ixodes dammini) were ground with a mortar and pestle, and the suspensions were
      inoculated into a selective and nonselective medium. The selective medium, which
      contained kanamycin and 5-fluorouracil, yielded positive spirochete cultures from
      100% of the pooled ticks and from 79% of the single tick specimens. The isolation
      rate for the nonselective medium was 0% from the tick pools and 58% from the
      single tick specimens.

PMID- 6361067
TI  - Myasthenia gravis. Antibodies to skeletal muscle cell surface antigens.
AB  - Sera from 28 of 137 patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) (i.e. 20%) contained
      antibodies which stained the surface of skeletal muscle cells in an indirect
      immunofluorescence test. Forty of the 137 sera (i.e. 30%) contained cross
      striational antibodies. Absorption experiments showed that the antibodies
      staining the muscle cell surface were different from those staining the cross
      striational bands. Twenty of the sera (i.e. 15%) contained antibodies which
      agglutinated sheep erythrocytes (SE) coated with a citric acid extract of
      skeletal muscle (CAE). These antibodies were closely associated with the presence
      of a thymoma. There was a positive correlation between the antibodies
      agglutinating CAE-coated SE and those staining the muscle cell surface.
      Absorption experiments indicated that the antibodies to CAE were directed against
      muscular antigens located in or near the sarcolemma.

PMID- 6361068
TI  - Deficiency of a surface membrane glycoprotein (Mo1) in man.
AB  - Deficiency of a granulocyte surface glycoprotein of 150,000-D had been associated
      with defective C3- and IgG-dependent phagocytosis in a patient with recurrent
      bacterial infections. By using monoclonal antibodies, we found that this
      patient's granulocytes, monocytes, and null cells were deficient in Mo1
      (equivalent to OKM1 and Mac-1), a cell surface molecule consisting of two
      noncovalently linked glycoproteins of 155,000 and 94,000 D. The 155,000-D subunit
      is closely associated with the human complement receptor that recognizes C3bi
      and/or a further degradation product termed C3dg (C3bi receptor); the 94,000-D
      subunit has been shown to be shared, on normal cells, by two other surface
      membrane glycoproteins: lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and P
      150, 95. Both subunits of Mo1 were deficient on the patient's granulocytes as
      determined by immunoprecipitation with subunit-specific monoclonal antibodies as
      well as fluorescence analysis. Mol-deficient monocytes, like granulocytes, had
      defective C3-and IgG-dependent phagocytosis. Natural killing activity by the
      patient's peripheral blood leukocytes was normal. Mo1-deficient granulocytes and
      monocytes rosetted normally with sheep erythrocytes coated with C3bi. This
      rosetting was totally inhibited by a mixture of anti-Mo1 and anti-C3b (the major
      fragment of C3) receptor antibodies but not by either antibody alone. Since
      monoclonal antibodies to the 155,000-D subunit of Mo1 can inhibit C3bi receptor
      binding, immune phagocytosis, opsonized zymosan-induced degranulation, and
      superoxide generation by normal phagocytes (functions which are defective in Mo1
      deficient cells), it appears likely that Mo1 deficiency may in part underlie the
      functional aberrations leading to recurrent bacterial infections in man.

PMID- 6361070
TI  - Histomorphometry of bone.
AB  - This review of the histomorphometry of bone outlines methods of biopsy and
      processing of specimens in the laboratory, the basic principles of morphometry,
      and the measurements made in order to obtain estimates of the proportional
      volumes and surfaces occupied by different components of bone. Variability such
      as that between methods, observers and laboratories is discussed and a brief
      outline of automatic and semiautomatic methods of image analysis also given.

PMID- 6361069
TI  - Interferon enhances prostacyclin production by cultured vascular endothelial
      cells.
AB  - The effects of interferon (IFN) on the arachidonate metabolism and physiological
      functions of cultured endothelial cells and blood platelets have been examined.
      Cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells were found to be sensitive to the
      antiviral and antiproliferative activities of human leukocyte (alpha) IFN and to
      increase their capacity to synthesize prostacyclin (PGI2) upon exposure to IFN.
      Several observations indicate that IFN stimulates PGI2 synthesis at the level of
      the enzymes phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase: (a) PGI2 production was
      dependent upon the supply of exogenous arachidonic acid or the liberation of
      endogenous cellular arachidonate by ionophore A23187, but was not observed when
      IFN-treated cells were exposed to the endoperoxide prostaglandin H2. (b) IFN had
      no effect on the spontaneous release of PGI2 into the culture medium during the
      incubation period (24-72 h). (c) The stimulatory effect of IFN on PGI2 production
      was inhibited by both glucocorticoids and indomethacin. The effect of IFN on
      platelet prostaglandin metabolism was also investigated. Incubation of platelet
      rich plasma with IFN had no effect on platelet aggregation and thromboxane A2
      production. The biological significance of the findings presented in this paper
      may be considered in view of the protective role of PGI2 in the vessel wall and
      the fact that infection with certain viruses induces endothelial damage both in
      man and experimental animal models.

PMID- 6361071
TI  - Study of nuclear sizes in the centres of malignant and benign lymphoid follicles.
AB  - The sizes of follicle centre cells in 15 specimens of follicular (centroblastic
      centrocytic) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 15 specimens of reactive follicular
      hyperplasia have been measured. The findings differ from previous studies, where
      nuclei of cells from follicle centres and interfollicular areas were measured and
      revealed no significant difference between follicular lymphoma and reactive
      follicular hyperplasia. In the current study, by measuring only follicle centre
      cell nuclei, it has been found that, in reactive follicular hyperplasia, the mean
      nuclear maximum diameter (Dmax) and area are significantly greater than in
      centroblastic-centrocytic follicular lymphoma. In addition, the standard
      deviation of these data is greater for reactive follicular hyperplasia than
      follicular lymphoma, implying greater "scatter" or heterogeneity of the nuclear
      sizes in the follicle centre cells of the former than the latter. Thus, the size
      of these cells appears to be of value as an histological discriminator between
      these benign and malignant conditions.

PMID- 6361072
TI  - Microdeposits of amyloid in sclerocalcific heart valves: a histochemical and
      immunofluorescence study.
AB  - Amyloid associated with seven sclerotic and two normal aortic and mitral valves
      was studied. The sclerotic valve amyloid contained microfibrils with typical
      random orientation and a fibril width of 9.5-12.5 nm. The amyloid deposits
      demonstrated permanganate-resistant Congophilia and contained the amino acid
      tryptophan. Immunofluorescence studies showed P-component in amyloid deposits of
      6 of 7 valves, but none of the sclerotic valves contained amyloid fibril proteins
      of the AL (primary), AA (secondary), AEt (medullary thyroid carcinoma) or ASc1
      (senile cardiac) types. Two non-sclerotic valves, removed from a patient with
      systemic amyloidosis, showed permanganate-sensitive Congophilic amyloid deposits
      which contained amyloid fibril protein AA.

PMID- 6361073
TI  - Is enrichment culture necessary for the isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from
      faeces?
AB  - The role of enrichment culture for the isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from
      faeces is discussed. It is concluded that enrichment culture is only necessary
      for those specimens where it is anticipated that the number of organisms is
      likely to be low. In a trial of a blood free enrichment broth (CCD broth) and the
      modified Preston enrichment broth the latter gave significantly superior results.

PMID- 6361074
TI  - Detection of penicillin tolerance in streptococci.
AB  - "Tolerance" to penicillin in streptococci was investigated by two different
      techniques. Of 70 strains examined, 35 appeared tolerant in conventional
      titrations and 31 appeared tolerant when tested by a recently-described disc
      method. There was 88% agreement between the two methods, but the disc test failed
      to detect tolerance shown by titrations in six strains of streptococci, including
      three beta-haemolytic strains belonging to Lancefield's group D. A significant
      relationship was observed between tolerance and Eagle's optimum dosage effect:
      71% of tolerant strains examined displayed the Eagle effect, whereas only 17% of
      non-tolerant strains exhibited the effect.

PMID- 6361075
TI  - Detection of bacteraemia by an automated blood culture system.

PMID- 6361076
TI  - Quantifying the microbial flora of the cervix.

PMID- 6361077
TI  - Correlations among Papilla Bleeding Index, other clinical indices and
      histologically determined inflammation of gingival papilla.
AB  - The Papilla Bleeding Index (PBI) was measured on 95 interdental papillae, after
      which the results were compared to Sulcus Bleeding Index (SBI) scores, sulcus
      fluid (SF) amounts and pocket depth (PD) measurements. In 52 of the papillae, a
      histological evaluation of the degree of inflammation was also made, in which not
      only the expanse of the infiltrate but also its intensity were of interest. The
      PBI was positively correlated with all of the other clinical indices. Obvious and
      highly statistically significant correlations were demonstrated among PBI, SBI
      and SF. In contrast, between PBI and PD, and between SBI and PD, only weak
      correlations were found. The comparison of the PBI with the histological
      determination of inflammation revealed a clear increase in the absolute amount of
      inflammatory infiltrate as PBI scores increased. In addition, there was a
      definitive shift in the intensity of the infiltration; moderate and severe areas
      of infiltration became more common as PBI scores went up.

PMID- 6361078
TI  - Subtraction gated computed tomography with the dynamic spatial reconstructor:
      simultaneous evaluation of left and right heart from single right-sided bolus
      contrast medium injection.
AB  - Three-dimensional (3-D) dynamic computed tomography of the heart with the dynamic
      spatial reconstructor (DSR) is being used for studies of cardiovascular function.
      Formerly, continuous infusion of bilateral bolus injections of contrast medium
      were required to visualize both sides of the heart simultaneously. The DSR was
      used to circumvent many of the drawbacks of these methods. In anesthetized dogs a
      bolus of 1 ml/kg body weight contrast medium was injected into the superior vena
      cava and 60/s scans were performed during the dextro- and levophases of the
      resulting angiogram. The recorded scan data were used to generate successive
      volume (3-D) images with a scan aperture time of 0.06 s each. Each scanned
      cardiac cycle was thus represented by sequential volume images with either the
      right or left chambers opacified. Matching equal time intervals from the R wave
      of the electrocardiogram, the volume images of the left heart phase were
      digitally subtracted (voxel for voxel) from the images of the right heart phase,
      with all resulting negative voxel values set to zero. Only the contrast enhanced
      right ventricle (RV) chamber remained in the subtraction images, whose brightness
      was then scaled to match the brightness of the opacified left ventricle (LV). The
      modified RV phase images were then added to the LV phase images. The resulting
      volume images contain equally enhanced LV and RV chambers and can be used for
      retrospective analysis, including display of static and dynamic oblique planar
      images. Verification of the accuracy of this technique was made by estimation of
      LV muscle mass in five dogs. Dynamic spatial reconstructor estimates from
      subtracted gated images were compared with postmortem measurements. The
      correlation was 0.999 with a mean discrepancy of 2.3 +/- 0.4% SEM.

PMID- 6361079
TI  - Stereotactic biopsy using computed tomography.
AB  - A stereotactic apparatus for percutaneous needle biopsy under computed
      tomographic (CT) control is described. A program was developed that allows the
      transfer of CT data to the stereotactic apparatus. No artifacts of the CT images
      are caused by the stereotactic apparatus. Preliminary results in 36 patients (34
      biopsies and two nerve blocks) are reported.

PMID- 6361080
TI  - Fractionation of a whey growth factor for Streptococcus agalactiae into two
      active components containing proteins.
AB  - Previously three factors (F-1, F-2, F-3) that stimulated in vitro growth of
      Streptococcus agalactiae were separated from wheys of milk and colostrum by
      chromatographic procedures. Now F-1 was separated further into two active
      components, F-1a and F-1b, when rechromatographed on an anion exchange resin with
      distilled water as eluent. The stimulatory activity was associated with two
      protein peaks whereas a third protein peak that was eluted in those fractions
      containing lactose was not stimulatory. Most of the stimulatory activity (76 to
      80%) and protein (90 to 93%) were retained by a filter with retention of greater
      than 1,000 MW. Two stimulatory factors were confirmed by separation of F-1
      fractions by step-gradient elution on a column of octadecylsilica; one protein
      peak was found for each of the three solvents. Samples with protein eluted with
      .1 N formic acid and formic acid: methanol (1:1) had stimulatory activity,
      whereas the sample with protein eluted with 100% methanol was inactive. Results
      were similar when F-1 fractions were applied to Sep-Pak (muBondapack C18)
      cartridges and eluted with water, 50% methanol, and 100% methanol. Proteins in
      the Sep-Pak eluates with stimulatory activity (water and 50% methanol) were
      heterogeneous and different when separated by high-voltage paper electrophoresis.
      Proteose-peptone preparations with added lactose were chromatographed on columns
      of anion exchange resin, with distilled water as eluent, and produced two peaks
      of protein with elution volumes comparable to peaks 1 and 3. Lactose appeared to
      be a major factor in eluting the second protein peak.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6361081
TI  - Adherence to instructions to practice relaxation exercises.

PMID- 6361082
TI  - Enhancement of Streptococcus mutans colonization by direct bonded orthodontic
      appliances.
AB  - Patients undergoing orthodontic therapy were evaluated for longitudinal changes
      in relative S. mutans numbers in plaque at discrete sites on the tooth surface
      associated with direct bond appliances. There was a significant linear increase
      in the percentage of S. mutans in the total streptococci isolated from the last
      pre-bracket sample through the last bracket sample.

PMID- 6361083
TI  - A statistical analysis of the clinical response to the single-crystal sapphire
      endosseous dental implant in dog jaws.
AB  - A statistical analysis was carried out on the clinical evaluatory data gathered
      from a two-year longitudinal study of the single-crystal sapphire endosteal
      dental implant in dog jaws. Statistically, the implants behaved either better
      than control molars (clinically), or in a manner similar to control molars. These
      data suggest an excellent prognosis for the single-crystal sapphire dental
      implant.

PMID- 6361084
TI  - Polarization-corrosion behavior of commercial gold- and silver-base casting
      alloys in Fusayama solution.
AB  - Based on polarization measurements, high Au alloys are highly corrosion-resistant
      and exhibit the lowest corrosion rates; intermediate Au, Ag, and Pd alloys with
      Cu are passive but exhibit higher corrosion rates. Twenty weight percent (w/o) In
      Ag alloys exhibit active corrosion behavior at potentials only 100 mV noble to
      the corrosion potential.

PMID- 6361085
TI  - [Comparative study of the effect of the metals Ag, Cu, Zn and Al in the form of a
      highly dispersed powder and salt on Escherichia coli B. growth].

PMID- 6361086
TI  - Venous admixture (Qva/Q) and true shunt (Qs/Qt) in ARF patients: effects of PEEP
      at constant FIO2.
AB  - Venous admixture (Qva/Q) in ARF patients is due to both true right to left shunt
      (Qs/Qt: perfusion of truly unventilated areas) and to maldistribution [Qva
      Qs)/Qt: effects of unevenness of ventilation/perfusion ratio). Using the
      retention rate of sulphur hexafluoride we determined the effects of PEEP on Qs/Qt
      and (Qva-Qs)/Qt at a constant FIO2 for each patient (0.57 +/- 0.19 SD, range 0.4
      0.95). Eleven patients with ARF (treated either by CPPV or CPAP) were studied on
      16 occasions. Each measurement was repeated at two levels of PEEP, 5 cm H2O below
      and 5 cm H2O above the patient's clinically determined PEEP level. The increase
      in PEEP resulted in: - a decrease in Qva/Q (from 0.37 +/- 0.13 to 0.27 +/- 0.12,
      p less than 0.01); - a parallel decrease in Qs/Qt (from 0.29 +/- 0.16 to 0.22 +/-
      0.14, p less than 0.01); there was a positive correlation between Qva/Q and Qs/Qt
      changes (r = 0.53, p less than 0.05). No significant variation was demonstrated
      in (Qva-Qs)/Qt (from 0.074 +/- 0.045 to 0.054 +/- 0.048). On the other hand there
      was a negative correlation between the fraction of Qva/Q due to the
      maldistribution and FIO2: (Qva-Qs)/Qva = 0.75-0.86 FIO2 (r = 0.74, p less than
      0.01). We conclude that: PEEP decreased Qva/Q mainly through changes in Qs/Qt but
      did not have a definite effect on (Qva-Qs)/Qt. Maldistribution was responsible
      for a significant portion of Qva/Q in those ARF patients tolerating a relatively
      low FIO2 (0.4-0.6).

PMID- 6361087
TI  - Paratracheal abscess after tracheostomy.
AB  - Mediastinal abscess formation in the paratracheal region is a complication of
      tracheostomy that has previously been only sparsely reported. We present a case
      which highlights this complication and illustrates some of the diagnostic
      difficulties with which it may be associated. In this case septicaemia-developed
      as a secondary complication and diagnosis of the abscess was dangerously delayed
      because the radiographic appearance masqueraded as a left upper lobe
      consolidation and because its rarity led to a low index of suspicion.

PMID- 6361088
TI  - Comment on the editorial "Prostacylin (PGI2)".

PMID- 6361089
TI  - Diphenyl ether herbicides and related compounds: structure--activity
      relationships as bacterial mutagens.

PMID- 6361090
TI  - Mutagenicity assays with (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid--amino acid conjugates.

PMID- 6361091
TI  - Recollections of a dental researcher. Fifty years at the U.S. National Bureau of
      Standards: interviews with George C. Paffenbarger, D.D.S., D.Sc. Part V.

PMID- 6361092
TI  - Gies Award to Robert I. Kaplan.

PMID- 6361093
TI  - John A. Gray awarded honorary fellowship.

PMID- 6361094
TI  - Award of Merit to Esther F. Richwine.

PMID- 6361095
TI  - Harold Hillenbrand presented the Award for Excellence.

PMID- 6361096
TI  - The presidents. Thomas B. Hartzell, 1921-1922.

PMID- 6361097
TI  - Paresthesia from an overdenture abutment: report of case.
AB  - A case is reported in which paresthesia of the area supplied by the right mental
      nerve was associated with alveolar ridge resorption and a failing overdenture
      abutment. After surgical removal of the overdenture abutment, all signs and
      symptoms of the paresthesia resolved.

PMID- 6361098
TI  - Effect of enamel bevel and restoration lengths on Class IV acid-etch retained
      composite resin restoration.

PMID- 6361099
TI  - Coronary artery surgery study (CASS): a randomized trial of coronary artery
      bypass surgery. Comparability of entry characteristics and survival in randomized
      patients and nonrandomized patients meeting randomization criteria.
AB  - The Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) includes a randomized trial of coronary
      artery bypass surgery and medical therapy in the management of patients with mild
      or moderate stable angina pectoris or free of angina but with a documented
      history of myocardial infarction. While 780 patients at 11 participating
      institutions entered the randomized trial, 1,315 patients at the same
      institutions met randomization criteria but declined participation in the
      randomized study; they constitute the "randomizable" patients. Half the
      randomized patients were assigned to surgery and half to the medical group. Of
      the 1,315 randomizable patients, 43% started with surgical therapy and 57%
      constitute the medical group. Follow-up periods average 64 months (range 46 to
      92). The only entry characteristic in which the randomized and randomizable
      medical groups differ importantly is the extent of coronary artery disease, which
      is less extensive in the latter. The two surgical groups also differ in this
      respect, but with more extensive disease in the randomizable group. At 5 year
      follow-up, 24% of the medically-assigned randomized patients and 22% of the
      medically-started randomizable patients have had coronary bypass surgery.
      Survival in the medically-randomized and randomizable patient groups is similar
      in the aggregate (both 92% at 5 years) and also in all subgroups based on
      clinical classification, the number of diseased vessels, the presence of proximal
      left anterior descending coronary artery disease and ejection fraction. Survival
      for the surgically-assigned randomized patients and the surgically-started
      randomizable patients is also similar in the aggregate (95 and 94%, respectively)
      and in all subgroups. It is concluded that the randomized patients in CASS are
      not a special or atypical subset of those eligible for randomization. The data
      from the randomizable patients thus support and extend the inference of the
      generally very good survival of both the medically- and surgically-assigned
      patients of the randomized trial.

PMID- 6361100
TI  - Myocardial infarct size determined by computed transmission tomography in canine
      infarcts of various ages and in the presence of coronary reperfusion.
AB  - Thirty-one dogs underwent in vivo scanning with computed transmission tomography;
      15 dogs were studied within 7 days (mean 4) after coronary occlusion, 10 dogs 21
      to 25 days (mean 28) after occlusion and 6 dogs 4 days after coronary reperfusion
      of a 2 to 3 hour coronary ligation. Ungated scans (1 cm in depth) of the left
      ventricle were obtained from apex to base to determine infarct size. In all
      animals with documented (postmortem) infarction (n = 26), contrast medium caused
      delayed enhancement of the entire infarct or the periphery of the infarct.
      Infarct size was calculated from scans showing contrast enhancement of the
      infarct. Infarct size was also determined from the postmortem heart using
      histochemical morphometry (nitroblue tetrazolium) and then compared with infarct
      size derived from tomography using the outer margin of the contrast-enhanced
      periphery of the infarct as the border of the infarct. Infarct size calculated by
      the tomographic technique (excluding the animals without an infarct) correlated
      well with infarct size determined at autopsy (r = 0.90, p less than 0.001). The
      tomographic estimate (18.2 +/- 11.3 g) of infarct size was similar to autopsy
      values (18.6 +/- 11.8 g, p = NS). Thus, ungated computed transmission tomographic
      imaging of the heart can reliably estimate infarct size in a variety of potential
      clinical circumstances, particularly when the area of rim enhancement of the
      infarct is included within the presumed infarct region.

PMID- 6361101
TI  - High incidence of myocarditis by endomyocardial biopsy in patients with
      idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Thirty-five patients with unexplained congestive heart failure were evaluated
      with endomyocardial biopsy. Utilizing microscopic, ultrastructural and
      immunofluorescent studies, samples were classified as exhibiting either no
      inflammation (cardiomyopathy) or active lymphocytic myocarditis, grade I to IV.
      Twenty-two (63%) of the patients had inflammatory changes. Of these 22 patients,
      18 had low grade I or II inflammation, 7 were treated with immunosuppressive
      agents with improvement in 5 and stabilization in 1. One patient died of
      progressive congestive heart failure. Three of four patients with high grade III
      or IV myocarditis died after a fulminant course. The results suggest that
      inflammatory myocarditis may be more common than previously suspected and add
      evidence that there may be ongoing inflammation in many cases of congestive
      cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 6361102
TI  - Nutrients in vegetarian foods.
AB  - Persons who use tables of food composition have often found that foods that
      vegetarians commonly eat are not included. To help remedy this situation, a table
      is presented which includes the 49 foods on the vegetarian Exchange Lists and 18
      additional nonmeat foods. Nutrient contents of household measures of these foods
      are given for water, protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, phosphorus, iron,
      potassium, zinc, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, and folacin.
      Nutrient amounts were derived from USDA sources and from other published research
      when available. Nutrient amounts from foods assumed to be identical to those in
      the table were placed in parentheses. When nutrient amounts were not available,
      they were estimated from similar foods and placed in brackets. When values found
      for a single nutrient in a food varied by 20% or more, the total range was shown.
      When a dash was found in a literature reference and the amount of the nutrient
      was known to be insignificant, a zero was presented in the table. Thus, there are
      no gaps in the table. Until accurate laboratory-derived data are available for
      the nutrients in vegetarian foods, this table, used with appropriate judgment,
      should be useful for estimating the nutrient intakes of persons who eat
      vegetarian foods.

PMID- 6361103
TI  - Psychologic assessment technology for geriatric practice.
AB  - Psychologic assessment is an integral aspect of the comprehensive functional
      assessment of geriatric patients. Medical areas in which psychologic testing and
      evaluation can be of significant service in the diagnosis and formulation of
      treatment plans include psychiatric and neurologic disturbances, psychosomatic
      disorders, circulatory diseases (especially hypertension), diabetes, chronic
      pain, sexual dysfunctions, and gastrointestinal problems. In the effort to gain
      an understanding of the total patient, it is important to clarify the effect of
      physical condition on a person's psychologic reactions as well as the impact of
      psychologic states on his/her biologic status. This orientation is particularly
      important in dealing with elderly patients because the interaction between the
      physical and the psychologic in this age group is exceedingly strong and
      significant. Despite the fact that research in the psychology of the aged is of
      long standing, the attention given by clinical psychologists to the provision of
      services to geriatric patients has been quite limited until recently. Many
      psychologic tests have been developed during the past 70 years, but relatively
      few of them have been standardized for use with the aged. Of late, however, this
      has been changing. Several tests have been adapted, and some new ones have been
      organized with the needs and characteristics of the aged in mind. Closer
      attention has been paid to psychometric principles in the development of the
      tests, leading to the organization of useful norms and the demonstration of
      proper levels of reliability and validity. Accordingly, the state of the art of
      psychologic assessment of the aged is currently rather limited, but the outlook
      for the near future appears encouraging. In evaluating the condition of a
      geriatric patient, the clinical psychologist normally generates data through
      observations, testing, and interviewing. The resulting report covers the
      following areas: 1) adaptation to the examination and behavioral characteristics
      during the procedure, 2) cognitive functioning, 3) visual motor coordination and
      perception of spatial relationships, and 4) personality characteristics and
      mental health status. Data for the first area are normally derived by the
      examiner from observations and subjective impressions of the patient's behavior.
      For each of the other areas the information is obtained through standardized
      tests. In this discussion, some of the principal assessments that are currently
      available are reviewed and evaluated for their usefulness with the aged.

PMID- 6361104
TI  - An interdisciplinary geriatric consultation service: a controlled trial.
AB  - The structure and function of a newly created interdisciplinary Geriatric
      Consultation Team (GCT) are described. The GCT was introduced on a single medical
      unit, where consultations were given to 46 consecutive patients aged 75 years and
      over. The GCT patients had, on the average, 5.5 illnesses and were receiving 3.7
      medications. Anemia (50 per cent), were hypoalbuminemia (65 per cent), and
      elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (58 per cent) were frequent. Functional
      assessment showed frequent dependence on others for assistance with ambulation
      (59 per cent), transfers (54 per cent), and dressing (52 per cent); cognitive
      impairment was found in 52 per cent and clinical depression in 11 per cent of the
      patients. In comparison with control units, the GCT increased use of physical
      therapy by 357 per cent, occupational therapy by 390 per cent, and speech therapy
      by 300 per cent without increasing length of stay. In comparison with control
      subjects, GCT patients had no decrease in hospital readmission rates (43 per
      cent) over 10.5 months of follow up. It was concluded that a GCT in an acute-care
      hospital promotes geriatrics, teaches interdisciplinary teamwork, improves
      awareness of functional problems of patients, and increases use of rehabilitative
      services, but does not decrease the high rate of readmission of hospitalized
      geriatric patients.

PMID- 6361105
TI  - Oral assessment of the edentulous elderly patient.
AB  - While the need for regular oral examinations increases in the aged, edentulous
      elderly persons generally see their dentists rarely, while most see their
      physicians relatively frequently. If these patients cannot be convinced to see a
      dentist, the physician should perform regular oral screening examinations. A
      technique is described for accomplishing this.

PMID- 6361106
TI  - Infectious diseases and aging: immunologic perspectives.
AB  - Four theories of aging provide a basis for understanding both the aging process
      and the primary alterations in host defenses that may occur with age. The
      immunologic theory of aging may be especially important in this regard, since
      immunologic defects may be responsible for many manifestations of aging, and a
      decline in immune function may also underlie the increased susceptibility of the
      aged to infection. However, multiple factors are probably responsible for the
      aging process and for changes in host defenses. Although several studies
      attempting to enhance the immune response of elderly persons and perhaps extend
      lifespan are in progress, no factor at present appears to be as important in this
      regard as three underutilized immunizations for influenza, pneumococcal
      infection, and tetanus.

PMID- 6361108
TI  - Geriatrics: a selected up-to-date bibliography.

PMID- 6361107
TI  - Treatment of hypertension in the elderly: a time for caution?
AB  - The authors review recent studies of treatment of hypertension and suggest
      modified guidelines for the treatment of elderly hypertensive patients. Treatment
      is recommended for elderly persons with systolic-diastolic hypertension if the
      systolic pressure is consistently above 160 mm Hg or the diastolic blood pressure
      is consistently above 100 mm Hg. Treatment of isolated systolic hypertension
      should not be excessively vigorous, and systolic blood pressure should not be
      lowered much below 160 mm Hg.

PMID- 6361109
TI  - Biochemical application of field desorption mass spectrometry.

PMID- 6361110
TI  - Progressive loss of the proliferative response of senescing WI-38 cells to
      platelet-derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, insulin, transferrin,
      and dexamethasone.
AB  - Normal human diploid cell lines such as WI-38 display a progressive loss of
      responsiveness to the mitogenic components in serum. Using a serum-free, hormone
      growth factor supplemented medium for WI-38 cells (Phillips & Cristofalo, 1980,
      1981), we examined the dose-response relationships of cells to the individual
      growth factor at various in vitro ages. Although as cultures senesced, they
      became progressively less responsive to mitogenic stimulation, the concentration
      of epidermal growth factor (25 ng/ml), insulin (5 micrograms/ml), transferrin (5
      micrograms/ml), and dexamethasone (55 ng/ml) that elicited the maximum
      proliferative response did not change as a function of age. As cultures age they
      may require increasing amounts of platelet-derived growth factor to elicit the
      maximum mitogenic response.

PMID- 6361111
TI  - [Subacute pre-eclampsia and hydramnios as manifestation of fetal triploidy. In
      utero diagnosis in the 28th week].
AB  - The authors report a case of triploidy that was diagnosed in utero by
      amniocentesis at the 28th week of amenorrhoea which presented with a classical
      picture of sub-acute hydramnios and pre-eclampsia and a dermoid cyst in the
      pelvis below the uterus. This case has given us a chance of showing the clinical
      evolution that led us to carry out amniocentesis and make the diagnosis of
      triploidy. A review of the literature gives us the chance of showing the
      incidence of triploidy and its genetic origin and the characteristics that this
      chromosome abnormality produces. The value of the study is to show the
      differences that exist between this condition and partial molar triploidy
      demonstrating the anatomo-pathological, genetic and developmental changes that
      can be recognized. The conclusion that this article reaches could be that the
      term "triploid embryonic mole" should be abandoned because it brings under one
      heading two quite different pictures.

PMID- 6361112
TI  - [Rupture of the membranes and amniotic infection. Apropos of 3000 cases].
AB  - This work shows the effect of a policy of reducing the amounts of antibiotics
      prescribed, and reports on the effect on the rate of infection in a maternity
      unit where systematic antibiotic cover for patients with premature rupture of the
      membranes was stopped. Breaking of the waters with loss of liquor makes infection
      of the contents of the sac almost inevitable; but we have found over a period of
      five years that with the exception of certain strains of Group B streptococci
      infection with bacteria from vaginal flora rarely gives rise to severe infection
      in the infant. This balance sheet was drawn up: 350 infections of the liquor in
      13.540 deliveries, which is 2.5%. Infection of the liquor by definition implies
      that the infant will be contaminated; but in fact the baby was infected in only
      0.6% of births--which figure is no higher than in other series. Bacteria found in
      the vaginal flora: streptococci and anaerobes are responsible for 92% of amniotic
      infections, streptococcus B being first in frequency responsible for 41.36% of
      amniotic infections and 47.5% of neonatal infections. The low percentage, 5.4% of
      Gram negative Bacilli can be attributed to their absence when antibiotic cover is
      given. Neonatal infections usually improve quickly with a narrow-spectrum
      antibiotic and the one we gave most often was penicillin G. Careful watch on
      women with premature rupture of the membranes, accompanied by repeated
      bacteriological control makes it possible to avoid systematic antibiotic therapy
      and to allow the antibiotic sensitive bacteria to return to their primary role,
      if by chance infection of the amniotic contents, which is usually benign, occurs.

PMID- 6361113
TI  - The endocrine pancreas during pregnancy and lactation in the rat.
AB  - The percentage of endocrine tissue in the whole pancreas, the volume density of
      the insulin producing beta-cells, the non-fasting plasma glucose level and the
      plasma insulin level were studied in pregnant rats and in puerperal lactating and
      non-lactating rats. During pregnancy there was a progressive rise in the
      percentage of endocrine tissue, in the volume density of the beta-cells and in
      the insulin level in peripheral blood. Plasma glucose levels declined during
      pregnancy. A lower plasma glucose level, a lower plasma insulin level, a lower
      percentage of endocrine tissue and a lower volume density of the beta-cells was
      found in lactating compared to non-lactating rats.

PMID- 6361114
TI  - Ergotism and the Salem witch panic: a critical analysis and an alternative
      conceptualization.
AB  - The controversial hypothesis that the Salem witchcraft panic of 1692 resulted
      from ergot poisoning was recently defended by Mary Matossian. She argued that (a)
      weather conditions in Salem were conducive to the growth of ergot, (b) new
      evidence concerning the age distribution of ergot sufferers is consistent with
      the ages of those who exhibited symptoms at Salem, and (c) the symptoms displayed
      and reported at Salem were those of convulsive ergotism. Each of these
      propositions is critically examined and rejected, and the events purportedly
      explained by the ergot hypothesis are accounted for within a social psychological
      framework. This perspective views the Salem crisis as a sociopolitical drama
      played out in terms of the worldview shared by seventeenth-century Puritans. The
      symptoms of demonic affliction are conceptualized as role enactments learned in
      and legitimated by the community, rather than as the results of disease.

PMID- 6361115
TI  - Pavlov's position toward American behaviorism.
AB  - Pavlov's development of the conditional reflex theory coincided with the rise of
      American behaviorism. Substituting an objective physiology for a subjective
      psychology, Pavlov saw in the rise of American behaviorism a clear confirmation
      of his method and theory. But in the early 1930s, Lashley attacked Pavlov's
      theory of specific cerebral localization of function, proposing instead the
      concept of an internal cerebral organization; Guthrie objected to Pavlov's
      centralist interpretation of conditioning, proposing instead a peripheralist
      interpretation; while Hull challenged Pavlov's theory of sleep and hypnosis as
      the manifestations of inhibition. Pavlov replied with critiques of Lashley's,
      Guthrie's, and Hull's views, and, convinced that Lashley and Guthrie
      misunderstood his position, repeated his method's and theory's basic
      propositions. Yet, Pavlov never gave up the expectation that American behaviorism
      would accept his conditional reflex theory and saw in Hunter's 1932 statements a
      support of his assumptions.

PMID- 6361116
TI  - Connective tissue elements in rat bone marrow: immunofluorescent visualization of
      the hematopoietic microenvironment.
AB  - Immunofluorescent staining of frozen sections of rat bone marrow for collagen
      types I and III revealed the presence of a distinctive, collagen-producing cell
      type. Morphologically, these cells closely resembled reticular cells. They were
      large, with branching cytoplasm and were closely related to an extensive
      intercellular matrix of collagenous material that surrounded the hematopoietic
      cells of the marrow. Biochemical studies demonstrated synthesis of collagen types
      I and III, in a ratio of 4:1, by fresh rat bone marrow cells.

PMID- 6361117
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of nerve growth factor: effects of fixation.
AB  - The fixation dependence of immunocytochemically demonstrable nerve growth factor
      (NGF) was investigated. Several commonly used fixation methods have been
      employed, including buffered formaldehyde, Bouin's fluid, and chloroform
      methanol, as well as freezing and cryostat sectioning. The immunostaining
      technique was an immunoenzyme bridge procedure on either paraffin sections or
      frozen sections. Of those methods tested, fixation for 1 hr in a buffered
      formaldehyde appeared to provide optimal preservation and localization of
      immunoreactive material. Using this method, reaction product was localized in
      granules of the granular tubule cells of the male mouse submandibular gland.
      Prolonged fixation in buffered formaldehyde resulted in a diffuse background
      staining and loss of granule immunoreactivity. In frozen sections and in tissues
      fixed with either Bouin's solution, chloroform-methanol, or buffered
      paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde increased cytoplasmic background staining and
      loss of granule immunoreactivity were observed. It was concluded that, for the
      localization of NGF at the light microscopic level, a brief (1 hr) buffered
      formaldehyde fixation is optimal.

PMID- 6361118
TI  - The influence of two different sets of information and suggestions on the
      subjective effects of relaxation.
AB  - The study compared the subjective effects of different relaxation techniques and
      their susceptibility to influence by information and suggestions provided by the
      trainers. Two groups of twelve subjects each were trained in autogenic training
      and in progressive relaxation successively. On three occasions during their
      training, each group was given one of two contrasting sets of information and
      suggestions concerning the subjective effects to be expected. At the end of
      training, differences in the subjective effects accompanying the two relaxation
      techniques were found but no significant effect of the contrasting sets of
      information and suggestions emerged. These results suggest that the subjective
      effects of relaxation were resistant to simple suggestions and, being more robust
      and real than often thought, could constitute a basis for differential
      indications of various relaxation methods.

PMID- 6361119
TI  - Human lymphocyte subpopulations identified by using three-color
      immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analysis: correlation of Leu-2, Leu-3, Leu
      7, Leu-8, and Leu-11 cell surface antigen expression.
AB  - Three-color immunofluorescence has been used to determine the co-expression of
      cell surface antigens on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Monoclonal
      antibodies or avidin were coupled to either FITC (green), phycoerythrin (orange),
      or Texas Red (red) fluorochromes. These three fluorochromes could be
      independently measured by using a dual laser FACS IV system equipped with an
      argon ion laser (488 nm) and a dye laser (600 nm). Human peripheral blood
      lymphocytes were stained with the following combinations of reagents: (1) FITC
      anti-Leu-11a + PE anti-Leu-2a + TR avidin/biotin anti-Leu-7; (2) FITC anti-Leu
      11a + PE anti-Leu-3a + TR avidin/biotin anti-Leu-7; (3) FITC anti-Leu-8 + PE anti
      Leu-2a + TR avidin/biotin anti-Leu-7; and (4) FITC anti-Leu-11a + PE anti-Leu-2 +
      TR avidin/biotin anti-Leu-8. The light scatter, green fluorescence, orange
      fluorescence, and red fluorescence signals for each sample were stored by a
      Consort 40 PDP/11 computer in list mode files. Sequential reanalysis of the data
      directly demonstrated the existence of several unrecognized subpopulations of
      lymphocytes. Previously, we reported that the anti-Leu-7 and anti-Leu-11
      antibodies can be used to identify discrete subsets of human NK cells with
      distinct functional capacities. In this report, we show that these subsets can be
      further subdivided on the basis of Leu-8 and Leu-2 expression. Thus, these
      studies illustrate how multicolor and multiparameter flow cytometry can further
      our understanding of cellular heterogeneity within this group of lymphocytes.

PMID- 6361120
TI  - Multiple mechanisms of B cell immunoregulation in man after administration of in
      vivo corticosteroids.
AB  - Despite the extensive clinical use of corticosteroids (CS) in the treatment of
      immune-mediated diseases, relatively little is known concerning the effects of CS
      on B cell function as measured by in vitro assays. The effects of single-dose vs
      several days of in vivo CS therapy on the spontaneous and mitogen-induced Ig
      production by human peripheral blood B cells are reported here. Spontaneous Ig
      production by individual B cells was enhanced by in vivo CS as measured by an in
      vitro plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay. The same increased response was also
      observed with a brief in vitro exposure of the B cells to CS, which suggests that
      a mere brief exposure to an active CS analogue is all that is required to produce
      the enhanced response. The immunoregulatory effects of in vivo CS on mitogen
      induced Ig production are more complex. Pokeweed mitogen-induced PFC responses
      were suppressed 4 to 5 hr after a single in vivo pharmacologic dose of CS, with
      complete recovery by 24 hr. In contrast, after a 5-day course of CS, the
      suppressed PFC response did not recover until 60 hr after the last dose.
      Moreover, several mechanisms of suppression were operative. Ten hours after
      completing the 5-day course of CS, there was a relative enrichment in the
      peripheral blood compartment of lymphocytes bearing the OKT8 suppressor/cytotoxic
      T cell phenotype that coincided with a depressed PFC response. At 36 hr after the
      last dose, the T lymphocyte profile returned to normal while B cell function
      remained suppressed. The complex, multifaceted modulation of the immune response,
      resulting from redistribution of cell subsets as well as altered cell functions,
      vary with time-dose parameters of in vivo CS administration. These observations
      should provide additional insights into the heterogeneity of CS-induced
      therapeutic effects.

PMID- 6361121
TI  - Changes in the expression of B cell surface markers on complement receptor
      positive and complement receptor-negative B cells induced by phorbol myristate
      acetate.
AB  - The ability of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) to induce changes in the
      expression of B cell surface markers on CR- and CR+ B cells from normal mice in
      an in vitro culture system was examined. The markers studied were CR, sIgM, sIgD,
      and sIa. CR- B cells acquired the CR after overnight incubation with PMA. A
      twofold increase in sIa expression on CR- and CR+ B cells was also noted, whereas
      the staining intensity of sIgM and sIgD decreased on both B cell populations.
      These changes in the expression of surface markers took place without detectable
      increases in cell proliferation, cell size, or RNA content. Furthermore, the same
      effects were observed when CR- and CR+ B cells were prepared from a small B cell
      population purified by elutriation. It therefore appears that PMA can exert its
      effect directly on small, resting B cells.

PMID- 6361122
TI  - Modulation of human T cell production of migration inhibitory lymphokines by
      cytokines derived from human leukocyte dialysates.
AB  - Human leukocyte dialysates contain components capable of amplifying cutaneous
      delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions. In the present study, two such
      amplifiers, both less than 3500 m.w., were partially purified from human
      leukocyte dialysates by gel filtration on Sephadex G-10 followed by high pressure
      reverse-phase liquid chromatography. These amplifiers of DTH were examined for
      their effects on production of the migration inhibitory lymphokines leukocyte
      migration inhibition factor (LIF) and macrophage migration inhibition factor
      (MIF). The amplifiers were found to increase LIF and MIF production by antigen-
      or alloantigen-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes in a dose-dependent
      fashion. Further analysis demonstrated that although antigen-stimulated T4 and T8
      cell subpopulations could produce LIF activity under the assay conditions
      employed, amplification of lymphokine production by modulator was only observed
      with the T4 subset.

PMID- 6361123
TI  - Spontaneous production of colony-stimulating activity by splenic Mac-1 antigen
      positive cells from autoimmune motheaten mice.
AB  - Cultured splenocytes from 3-wk-old autoimmune motheaten mice (me/me)
      spontaneously produced colony-stimulating activity (CSA), which stimulated the
      formation of bone marrow myeloid colonies. The production of CSA was not
      dependent on the presence of serum; this activity was not produced by spleen
      cells from their phenotypically normal littermates (+/-) or from other normal
      mouse strains. The peak level of CSA occurred early during the culture period,
      and within 48 hr the activity was markedly diminished. Cell fractionation studies
      demonstrated that cells expressing Mac-1 antigen produce CSA and are most likely
      to be mononuclear phagocytes. The unusual proliferative capacity in vitro of
      splenic mononuclear phagocytes from motheaten mice probably results from the
      spontaneous production of CSA by Mac-1 antigen-positive cells. Defective
      regulation of the production of monokines may contribute to the severity of the
      immunologic disease of these mutant mice.

PMID- 6361124
TI  - In vitro stimulation of C3H/HeJ spleen cells and macrophages by a lipid A
      precursor molecule derived from Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - C3H/HeJ mice possess a genetic lesion that renders them significantly less
      responsive to the biologic effects of protein-free lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
      preparations, and more specifically, to the lipid A region of the LPS molecule.
      The in vivo manifestations of this mutation are also reflected in vitro in that
      cells derived from this mouse strain fail to respond to LPS when compared with
      cells derived from fully endotoxin-responsive mouse strains. The precise nature
      of this gene defect has not yet been established. In this study, we have examined
      in vitro the biologic activities of a structurally less complex "lipid A
      precursor" molecule, produced by a conditionally lethal, temperature-sensitive
      mutant of Salmonella typhimurium. In contrast to the intact LPS or wild-type
      lipid A extracted from the parental strain of Salmonella typhimurium, the lipid A
      precursor induced a highly significant, polymyxin B-inhibitable mitogenic
      response in splenic cultures derived from LPS-hyporesponsive C3H/HeJ and
      C57BL/10ScN (nu/nu) mice. In addition, the lipid A precursor was found to
      stimulate cultures of C3H/HeJ macrophages to produce significant levels of both
      interleukin 1 (IL 1, previously referred to as "lymphocyte activating factor" or
      "LAF") and prostaglandins of the E series (PGE). These findings suggest the
      possibility that the defect in endotoxin responsiveness exhibited by C3H/HeJ mice
      may be related to a defect in the processing of wild-type lipid A or LPS to a
      suitably stimulatory form that is structurally related to the lipid A precursor
      molecule.

PMID- 6361125
TI  - In vitro and in vivo studies on protective and inhibitory antibodies against
      Plasmodium falciparum in the Saimiri monkey.
AB  - Immunoglobulins (Ig) were purified from serum or ascitic fluids of Saimiri
      monkeys infected with Plasmodium falciparum and with differing levels of
      functional immunity. Their protective activity was assessed in studies of passive
      transfer of immunity in vivo, and their neutralizing activity was measured in
      studies of parasite inhibition in vitro in cultures of human or Saimiri RBC.
      Although protective and inhibitory antibodies were detected in different Ig
      preparations, the levels of these activities were not directly correlated. Some
      Ig preparations, showing high protective activity, provide little or no
      inhibition of the parasite in vitro. Conversely, inhibitory activity was present
      in Ig preparations unable to confer protection in vivo. These results indicate
      that protective antibodies are active through a more complex immune mechanism
      than simple neutralization probably involving cellular immunity.

PMID- 6361126
TI  - Introduction of HLA-A/B antigens into lymphoid cell membranes by cell-liposome
      fusion.
AB  - Conditions were optimized for surface binding by mouse lymphblastoid cell lines
      of liposomes containing purified human histocompatibility antigens. Antigens were
      reconstituted into lipid vesicles by detergent dialysis, and were incubated with
      the acceptor cell lines. After washing, the amount of HLA antigen on the cell
      surface was quantitated by double antibody radioimmunoassay. Uptake and surface
      expression was shown to be dependent upon vesicle phospholipid composition,
      vesicle:cell ratio, acceptor cell line, and stage of cell growth. These studies
      indicate that by using vesicles composed of 50% phosphatidylethanolamine/50%
      phosphatidylserine it is possible to introduce into the mouse EL4 cell surface
      about 70% of the amount of HLA expressed normally on the human lymphoblastoid
      line JY. The antigen is stably expressed on the surface for several hours and
      appears to be integrated into the cell membrane, as assessed by both fluorescence
      microscopy and susceptibility to lysis by using anti-HLA antibody and complement.
      The method used has the advantage over previously described procedures of not
      requiring the use of fusogenic proteins or agents such as polyethylene glycol or
      lysophospholipids, which might perturb overall membrane structure or properties.

PMID- 6361127
TI  - Mycoplasma infection of cell cultures: thymidine incorporation of culture
      supernatants as a screening test.

PMID- 6361129
TI  - Induction of specific unresponsiveness to heart allografts in mongrel dogs
      treated with total lymphoid irradiation and antithymocyte globulin.
AB  - The survival of heterotopic heart allografts was determined in mongrel dogs
      treated with total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) alone or in combination with other
      immunosuppressive agents. TLI alone (total dose, 1800 rad) minimally prolonged
      graft survival as compared with untreated controls. However, marked synergy was
      observed when TLI was combined with a 10-day post-transplant course of rabbit
      anti-dog thymocyte globulin (ATG). Approximately 40% of recipients given TLI and
      ATG showed specific unresponsiveness, as judged by the lack of rejection on
      serial biopsies for more than 1 yr and the prompt rejection of third party
      hearts. The addition of post-transplant azathioprine (90 to 180 days) to the TLI
      and ATG regimen increased the mortality of recipients and reduced the fraction of
      dogs showing specific unresponsiveness. Infusion of donor bone marrow cells at
      the time of heart transplantation failed to induce specific unresponsiveness in
      recipients given TLI alone or TLI in combination with post-transplant
      methotrexate, cyclosporine A, or ATG. The results indicate that the combination
      of TLI and a brief course of ATG without marrow transplantation was the most
      effective regimen for the induction of specific unresponsiveness in mongrel dogs.

PMID- 6361128
TI  - Immune reactivity and immunosuppressive intervention (TLI) in experimental
      nephritis. I. Immunopathologic correlates in the accelerated autologous form of
      nephrotoxic serum nephritis.
AB  - The progression of histologic changes observed in the accelerated autologous form
      of nephrotoxic serum nephritis (AA-NTSN) in the inbred LEW rat, ranging from
      minimal endocapillary proliferation to marked endo- and extra-capillary
      proliferation together with fibrin deposition and necrosis of glomerular tufts,
      was closely correlated (day 8) with parallel measures of albuminuria (1.6 leads
      to 280 mg/24 hr). In the induction phase of AA-NTSN (day 0) a direct linear
      correlation (r = 0.72, p less than 0.05) was obtained between anti-SGG antibody
      levels and 24-hr urine albumin excretion. Subsequent observations (day 7) yield
      an inverse correlation between anti-SGG antibody and albuminuria (r = -0.54, p
      less than 0.01), and this change was shown to be related to the loss of specific
      antibody in the urine (r = 0.59, p less than 0.025). Although splenic T cells of
      rats with AA-NTSN manifest a specific proliferative response to the inducing
      antigen SGG, and although the magnitude of this proliferative response (day 7)
      correlates directly with parallel measures of urine albumin excretion (r = 0.71,
      p less than 0.02), delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to SGG measured by
      radiometric ear assay was inversely correlated with albuminuria in this model of
      experimental nephritis (r = 0.80, p less than 0.01). Additional data are
      presented that strongly suggest that persistent albuminuria at 1 mo after
      induction of AA-NTSN is independent of ongoing immunopathologic processes. Thus,
      glomerular injury in AA-NTSN, previously linked to prominent glomerular
      macrophage accumulation, is shown to be primarily dependent on a brisk antibody
      response to the planted heterologous (sheep) immunoglobulin, whereas cellular
      immunity, readily demonstrated in the splenic T cell compartment, is likely to be
      of lesser import in the pathogenesis of this lesion in the intact animal.

PMID- 6361130
TI  - Differential recovery of circulating T cell subsets after nodal irradiation for
      Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - To better understand the immunologic effects of lymphoid irradiation (LI), blood
      levels of T cell subsets were sequentially monitored in 15 patients before,
      during, and after irradiation treatment for Hodgkin's disease. Blood levels of
      all lymphocytes, T cells, and T cell subsets (defined by OKT4 and OKT8) fell
      dramatically and in similar proportions during early therapy, reaching levels
      less than 20 to 25% of control by the completion of mantle irradiation, and
      continuing at very depressed levels through the completion of therapy. Blood
      levels of OKT8-reactive (OKT8+) cells returned to pretreatment levels (402 +/-
      38/mm3 vs 360 +/- 32/mm3 pretreatment) between 6 to 8 mo after LI, whereas blood
      levels of OKT4-reactive (OKT4+) cells returned to only 42% of previous values
      (242 +/- 22/mm3 vs 584 +/- 34/mm3 pretreatment) over the same period. The pre-LI
      ratio of OKT4+ to OKT8+ cells was 1.85 +/- 0.24 and fell to 0.65 +/- 0.05 between
      6 to 8 mo after LI. During the recovery period, discrepancies of 208 +/- 32
      cells/mm3 (3 to 5 months post LI) and 198 +/- 32 cells/mm3 (6 to 8 mo post LI)
      developed between the blood levels of OKT3+ cells and the sum of OKT4+ and OKT8+
      cells. This suggests the emergence of OKT4+/OKT3-, OKT8+/OKT3-, and/or
      OKT4+/OKT8+ cells. In five patients, the sum of OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells was
      compared with the number of cells simultaneously co-stained by OKT4 and OKT8. It
      appeared that a significant proportion of the cells were OKT4+/OKT3- and
      OKT8+/OKT3- lymphocytes. We concluded that LI is similarly cytotoxic to
      peripheral blood T cell subpopulations. The reversed ratio after LI is a result
      of a slower repopulation of the peripheral blood by OKT4+ cells relative to OKT8+
      cells. T cells after LI show a high degree of antigenic immaturity. It is
      postulated that the bone marrow that lies outside the fields of treatment and
      contains predominantly immature OKT8+/OKT3- cells is a major source of T cells
      repopulating the peripheral blood after LI.

PMID- 6361131
TI  - Use of total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) in studies of the T cell-dependence of
      autoantibody production in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The effect of total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) on T cell-dependent and 
      independent humoral immune responses was studied in patients with intractable
      rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The serum levels of several autoantibodies and of
      antibodies to diphtheria (DT) and tetanus (TT) toxoids and to pneumococcal
      polysaccharide (PPS; 12 antigenic types) were studied before and after TLI. In
      addition, the patients were given a booster injection of DT and TT and a single
      injection of pneumococcal vaccine after radiotherapy. Antibody levels to DT and
      TT decreased about twofold after TLI and did not rise significantly (p greater
      than 0.05) after a booster injection. However, there was no reduction in antibody
      levels to PPS after TLI, and a significant rise in titers was observed after a
      single vaccination (p less than 0.01). The serum levels of rheumatoid factor
      (RF), anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), and granulocyte associated IgG rose slightly
      after TLI. Thus, the autoantibodies and antibodies to polysaccharides appear to
      be relatively independent of helper T cell function, which is markedly reduced
      after TLI. On the other hand, antibodies to protein antigens such as DT and TT
      appear to be more closely dependent upon T helper function in man, as has been
      reported in rodents. The findings suggest that T cell-independent autoantibody
      responses alone do not maintain the joint disease activity in RA, because
      improvement in joint disease after TLI has been reported.

PMID- 6361132
TI  - Effects of marrow donor and recipient age on immune responses.
AB  - This report describes treatments to restore diminished splenic immune responses
      of old mice. Lethal irradiation, followed by young bone marrow and infant thymus
      transplants, restored the T cell mitogen response and the antibody-forming cell
      response against sheep red blood cells in the old mice. Although old bone marrow
      cells restore these immune responses in young recipients, as well as do young
      bone marrow cells, old bone marrow in old recipients did not improve their levels
      of response. Longevities of old recipients with rejuvenated responses were not
      increased, and aging of tail tendon collagen was not affected. The effect of
      lethal irradiation before the marrow transplant was shown to be minimal, by the
      use of unirradiated old W-anemic recipients. Parabiosing young mice with old
      partners caused impairment of these two immune responses in the young partners
      without enhancing them in the old partners. The old partners did not have
      increased longevities. To explain these results, we suggest the following
      hypothesis: old bone marrow contains precursors that produce suppressive factors
      or cells when in an old environment but not when in a young environment. However,
      these factors, if allowed to develop in an old environment, can function in a
      young parabiosed partner.

PMID- 6361133
TI  - Obese strain (OS) chickens with spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis have a
      deficiency in thymic nurse cells.
AB  - Chicken thymic nurse cells (TNC) were isolated and their plasma membrane antigens
      were characterized by immunofluorescence with a panel of allo-, hetero-, and
      monoclonal antibodies. Analogous to the murine system, chicken TNC are localized
      in the subcapsular region of the cortex and were strongly B-L and B-F positive
      (MHC Ia and H-2 D, K equivalents). The TNC were non-phagocytic and lacked fc
      receptors, but expressed an antigen specific for thymic epithelial cells, and
      their cytoplasm was stained by an anti-keratin antiserum. The internalized
      lymphocytes were all intact T cells of a distinct differentiation stage, their
      antigenic profile consistent with that of immature cortical thymocytes. To
      determine whether TNC may play a role in the activation of autoimmune disease,
      Obese strain chickens with spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis were investigated.
      These chickens were found to have a twofold defect in their TNC content: the
      thymuses contained approximately one-half of the number of TNC found in normal
      chickens beginning as early as 17 days of embryogenesis, and the lymphocyte
      content of the Obese strain TNC was one-half that of the normals. The deficiency
      is specific for TNC and may be a major reason for the abnormal T cell
      differentiation in the Obese strain.

PMID- 6361134
TI  - Chemotactic cytokines: the role of leukocytic pyrogen and epidermal cell
      thymocyte-activating factor in neutrophil chemotaxis.
AB  - Macrophage-derived leukocytic pyrogen (LP) is thought to be similar if not
      identical to interleukin 1 (IL 1). In addition to macrophages, keratinocytes
      produce a factor that has similar biologic and biochemical characteristics to IL
      1, called epidermal cell thymocyte-activating factor (ETAF). Because many
      diseases affecting the skin are characterized by infiltration of
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and some of these disorders are associated
      with fever, we investigated whether ETAF like LP had pyrogenic activity, and
      whether ETAF or LP were chemoattractants. ETAF or LP purified by column
      chromatography and isoelectric focusing were found to have chemotactic activity
      for PMN. The fractions containing maximal chemotactic activity corresponded to
      maximal fever-inducing activity and maximum thymocyte-activating activity.
      Furthermore, the chemotactic activity of ETAF and LP could be blocked by an
      antibody directed against LP. The results of this study indicate that these
      mediators, which arise from distinct cell populations, are closely related and
      may play a vital role in skin as well as distant inflammatory and immunologic
      events.

PMID- 6361135
TI  - Phenotypic expression of genetically-controlled natural resistance to
      Mycobacterium bovis (BCG).
AB  - Mycobacterium bovis (BCG), when maintained in vitro, readily incorporates
      [3H]uracil, the RNA precursor. The rate of [3H]uracil incorporation into bacilli
      is sharply reduced when the BCG is phagocytized by murine adherent resident
      peritoneal macrophages and subsequently released by the lysis of monolayers.
      Macrophages derived from mouse strains that are innately resistant to BCG
      infection in vivo (Bcgr) are able to inhibit the [3H]uracil incorporation into
      the bacilli in a significantly more effective way than macrophages from BCG
      susceptible (Bcgs) strains. This difference is best demonstrated with a low rate
      of infection (BCG: macrophage ratio between 1:1 and 2:1), and is most pronounced
      at 4 to 5 days after in vitro infection of macrophage monolayers. In vivo
      interaction of BCG with peritoneal macrophages in situ results in the same
      pattern of enhanced inhibition of [3H]uracil incorporation by Bcgr macrophages.
      The use of Bcg-congenic mouse strains has confirmed that the Chromosome 1 Bcg
      (Ity, Lsh) locus is regulating the antimycobacterial activity of macrophages. We
      conclude that the resident macrophage is the cell population that expresses the
      phenotype of genetically determined resistance to BCG infection.

PMID- 6361136
TI  - Opposite effects of total lymphoid irradiation on T cell-dependent and T cell
      independent antibody responses.
AB  - The effect of total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) on the primary antibody response
      to the dinitrophenylated heterologous protein, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (DNP
      KLH), in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), and to the trinitrophenylated
      polysaccharide antigen, Brucella abortus (TNP-BA), was studied in BALB/c mice.
      The antibody response to both antigens was diminished in comparison with
      nonirradiated mice when antigens were injected within 3 days after TLI. When the
      mice were immunized 30 days after completion of TLI the antibody response to DNP
      KLH in CFA was still diminished, but the antibody response to TNP-BA was enhanced
      5- to 10-fold as compared with that of control animals. The opposite effect of
      TLI on the two antibody responses was also observed in a syngeneic primary
      adoptive transfer system.

PMID- 6361137
TI  - Anti-tumor effects of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in (NZB X NZW)F1
      hybrids with spontaneous lymphosarcoma.
AB  - Untreated female (NZB X NZW)F1 hybrid mice (B/W F1) were found to develop
      lymphosarcoma spontaneously as they aged. Tumor incidence was evaluated in B/W F1
      mice immunosuppressed with total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) and in TLI
      conditioned B/W F1 mice reconstituted with 3 X 10(7) BALB/c bone marrow (BM)
      cells. BALB/C leads to B/W F1 chimerism (79 to 89% BALB/c-type cells) was
      confirmed by typing peripheral blood lymphocytes with specific alloantisera and
      complement by using a microcytotoxicity assay. Chimeras showed no clinical signs
      of graft-vs-host disease (GVHD). TLI-treated mice seemed to show a slightly
      accelerated onset of lymphosarcoma as compared with untreated controls, but the
      difference was not significant (p = 0.08). BALB/c leads to B/W F1 chimeras
      reconstituted at 1 to 3 mo of age (25 mice) developed no tumors for an
      observation period of 18 mo after transplantation. In contrast, tumors developed
      in 24/130 of age-matched controls, and in 13/57 of TLI-treated nonreconstituted
      age-matched B/W F1 mice. Tumor incidence in BALB/c leads to B/W F1 chimeras
      transplanted at an older age (9 to 11 mo) was similar to that observed in age
      matched TLI-treated B/W F1 mice and age-matched untreated controls. The data
      suggests that the high naturally occurring incidence of lymphosarcoma could be
      reversed by reconstituting TLI-treated mice with BM cells (p = 0.027). Thus,
      allogeneic BM transplantation may exert potent graft-vs-tumor effects (GVT) when
      tumor susceptible hosts are reconstituted at an early age, whereas GVT is
      relatively ineffective at an advanced age, which probably correlates with an
      advanced stage of tumor development. Allogeneic BM transplantation should be
      additionally explored as a potential clinical tool for eradication of certain
      solid tumors in adjunct to high-dose radiochemotherapy, inasmuch as GVT seems to
      be independent of GVHD.

PMID- 6361138
TI  - Immunoglobulin as a differentiation and clonal marker.

PMID- 6361139
TI  - A solid-phase enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay for enumeration of
      specific antibody-secreting cells.
AB  - A solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISPOT) is described for
      enumeration of cells secreting specific antibody. Spleen cells from immunized
      mice are incubated in antigen-coated polystyrene plates. After removal of the
      cells, bound antibodies are demonstrated by means of an immunoenzyme procedure in
      which enzyme-substrate reactions are performed in agarose. Dark-brown circular
      zones (spots), localized in areas of the dish where antibody production has
      occurred, are enumerated with the naked eye. Spectrophotometric estimation of
      enzyme-bound activity may be performed by substituting the gel for a liquid
      buffer, allowing accurate estimation of the total amount of secreted antibody.
      Versatile, sensitive and very easy to perform, this new assay provides a useful
      alternative to conventional plaque-forming cell assays.

PMID- 6361140
TI  - A sensitive immunoenzymometric assay for 2',5'-oligoadenylate. Detection of
      elevated 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase in human peripheral mononuclear cells.
AB  - A competition immunoenzymometric assay for 2',5'-oligoadenylate was developed and
      employed to measure the interferon-inducible enzyme 2',5'-oligoadenylate
      synthetase in cell extracts. Microtiter plates coated with a novel conjugate of
      p5'A2'p5'A2'p5'A and N-(2-aminoethyl)-carbamylmethylated-Ficoll (AECM-Ficoll)
      bound rabbit polyclonal or mouse monoclonal antibody directed against 2',5'
      oligoadenylate. Binding was inhibited by soluble 2',5'-oligoadenylate. Estimates
      of 2',5'-oligoadenylate concentrations based on inhibition of antibody binding
      compared favorably with those obtained using a protein synthesis inhibition
      assay. Low concentrations of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthesized in vitro by
      extracts of human peripheral mononuclear cells were conveniently estimated using
      less than or equal to 10(6) cells. Virtually identical results were obtained when
      either total extract or synthetase bound to poly(I) . poly(C)-agarose was used
      for the in vitro incubation. When peripheral mononuclear cells were incubated in
      vitro with interferon, the normally low levels of 2',5'-oligo(A) synthetase rose
      dramatically. The assay was employed to measure synthetase levels in peripheral
      mononuclear cells isolated from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Some
      of these patients were found to have elevated levels of 2',5'-oligoadenylate
      synthetase.

PMID- 6361141
TI  - A fluorimetric assay for human antibodies to all the histones.
AB  - We describe a fluorescence immunoassay for anti-histone antibodies in human sera.
      Histones are bound to immobilised tyrosine-glutamic acid copolymer on a
      polystyrene cuvette. With mixed histones as antigen normal sera showed low levels
      of antibody binding. Much higher values were obtained with some sera from
      rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients positive for antinuclear antibodies, and from
      patients with vasculitic RA, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and drug induced
      LE. Antibodies to all 5 individual histones were elevated in SLE and vasculitic
      RA patients. Preliminary results suggest that differences in response patterns
      may be disease related.

PMID- 6361142
TI  - Utilization of purified human monocytes in the agarose droplet assay for
      measuring migration inhibitory factors.
AB  - Human monocytes, highly purified by counter-current elutriation, are excellent
      indicator cells for evaluation of human migration inhibitory factors (MIFs). We
      have adapted the agarose droplet MIF assay initially developed for guinea pig
      peritoneal exudate cells to utilize human monocytes. The experimental variables
      have been evaluated and standardized to make this assay a quantitative and
      sensitive method for measuring MIF activity. The assay can be performed serum
      free in RPMI 1640 medium without protein or hormone additives, thereby increasing
      the sensitivity and eliminating potential masking of MIF effects by serum
      components. Cryopreserved monocytes also performed well in this assay, migrating
      approximately the same distance per unit time and showing migration inhibition in
      response to inhibitory factors. This assay provides a powerful tool in evaluating
      MIF-like activities of various lymphokines and factors, and could be used to
      monitor the activity of fractions produced during the physicochemical separation
      of MIFs from lymphokine-containing supernatants.

PMID- 6361143
TI  - Comparison of sensitivities of ELISA and radioimmunoassay for detection of class
      specific antibody in mouse serum.
AB  - The limits of detection of IgG1 antibody in a standard mouse antiserum by a
      single antiglobulin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and 2 amplified
      systems, a double antiglobulin ELISA and a double antiglobulin radioimmunoassay
      (RIA), were compared in microtitration plates with the same antigen preparation
      and antisera. Compared with the single antiglobulin ELISA, both amplified assays
      demonstrated a 64-fold increase in sensitivity for the detection of antibody at
      high dilutions of standard antiserum. It is concluded that the amplified ELISA
      offers a safer assay than the amplified RIA and of equal sensitivity for
      comparable consumption of antisera.

PMID- 6361144
TI  - Detection of toxoplasma membrane antigens transferred from SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      to nitrocellulose with monoclonal antibody and avidin-biotin, peroxidase anti
      peroxidase and immunoperoxidase methods.
AB  - Toxoplasma (Tp) membrane antigens separated by discontinuous SDS-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis were electrophoretically transferred to nitrocellulose and
      detected with avidin-biotin (AB), peroxidase anti-peroxidase complex (PAP) or
      indirect immunoperoxidase (IIP) methods. In the AB method, the nitrocellulose was
      treated with biotinylated monoclonal antibodies and avidin-labeled peroxidase. In
      the PAP method, it was treated with monoclonal antibody, rabbit anti-mouse IgG
      antibody, goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody and PAP. Of the two, the AB method was
      the more sensitive and specific for Tp membrane antigen. The PAP method was less
      sensitive, but did not require chemical manipulation of the antibodies and was
      convenient and useful for analyzing Tp membrane antigens. The IIP method was more
      convenient, but had a lower sensitivity than the other methods.

PMID- 6361145
TI  - A new sensitive assay for the calcium-dependent binding of C-reactive protein to
      phosphorylcholine.
AB  - A new sensitive assay for the calcium-dependent binding of rabbit C-reactive
      protein to phosphorylcholine has been developed. The assay involves coating the
      wells of polyvinylchloride microtiter plates with a bovine serum albumin
      phosphorylcholine conjugate followed by the addition of C-reactive protein. The
      quantity of C-reactive protein is determined by indirect enzyme-linked
      immunoadsorbent assay using first, affinity purified goat anti-C-reactive protein
      immunoglobulin followed by a commercial rabbit anti-goat immunoglobulin-alkaline
      phosphatase conjugate. The binding of rabbit C-reactive protein to the bovine
      serum albumin-phosphorylcholine conjugate is completely inhibited by free
      phosphorylcholine, by pneumococcal C-polysaccharide and by calcium chelators but
      not by high concentrations of neutral, cationic or zwitterionic detergents. The
      assay is sensitive to 2 ng C-reactive protein.

PMID- 6361146
TI  - Cloning of lymphocytes from whole blood by limiting dilution.
AB  - A simple whole blood limiting dilution technique was developed to clone human
      lymphocytes non-specifically. The geometric mean frequency of clone forming cells
      in 13 normal individuals was found to be 31.1%. Compared with measurement of
      proliferation in mass suspension culture, cloning provides a quantitative and
      easily interpretable endpoint for a variety of lymphocyte studies and its use in
      measurement of radiation sensitivity is presented as an example.

PMID- 6361147
TI  - Double immunofluorescence staining of pokeweed mitogen differentiated plasma
      cells--a sensitive assay to ascertain purity of anti-human Ig reagents as each
      cell produces only one isotype.
AB  - A simple, but highly sensitive assay is described for the determination of the
      specificity and purity of heterologous antibodies to human immunoglobulin
      isotypes. In this assay, cytocentrifuge cell preparations of normal pokeweed
      mitogen differentiated plasma cells are stained initially with an FITC conjugate
      of an antibody to 1 isotype and then restained with a TRITC conjugate of an
      antibody to another isotope. No double staining of intracytoplasmic
      immunoglobulin in plasma cells was observed when highly purified and specific
      reagents were used. However, some reagents from commercial laboratories, which
      used immunodiffusion assays and enzyme immunoassay techniques (ELISA) to
      determine specificity of antisera, were found to lack specificity by the double
      immunofluorescence technique. This technique of obtaining cultured plasma cells
      with a wide variety of isotypes is reproducible and utilizes reagents that are
      easily available. Hence, one need not depend on panels of myeloma plasma cells or
      spleen cells which can be difficult to obtain.

PMID- 6361148
TI  - Karl Landsteiner died forty years ago.

PMID- 6361149
TI  - Isolation of human splenic macrophages and lymphocytes by countercurrent
      centrifugal elutriation.
AB  - Certain tissues, such as the spleen, are rich sources of mononuclear phagocytes
      (MP); however, separating the phagocytes from tissues and removing the
      contaminating cells have been difficult. We report here a method for the
      extraction and purification of human splenic MP that employs gentle
      homogenization of splenic fragments with a Tenbroeck tissue homogenizer,
      controlled digestion with purified collagenase to free MP from splenic stroma,
      incubation with DNase to dissociate cell clumps and purification by
      countercurrent centrifugal elutriation (CCE). With homogenization and enzymatic
      digestion most of the splenic nonspecific-esterase-positive cells are freed into
      suspension as determined by morphometric analysis of 2 micron sections from
      plastic embedded spleen stained for alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase (ANB).
      Overall cell recovery after homogenization and enzyme treatment is 56 +/- 7%; no
      selective cell loss occurs as determined by differential cell counts at each
      purification step. CCE of up to 3 X 10(9) treated spleen cells results in
      recovery of 63 +/- 6% of the elutriated cells and separates nearly 50% of the
      recovered MP into enriched fractions. These MP are morphologically intact as
      determined by light and electron microscopy and are actively phagocytic. Highly
      purified (96%) autologous splenic lymphocytes are a useful by-product of this
      separation technique.

PMID- 6361150
TI  - A novel antibody overlay technique for two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis.
AB  - A new antibody overlay technique for 2-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis (2-D
      IEP) is described. After the first dimension electrophoresis of the antigen, the
      desired amount of antiserum is applied to the initial agarose layer and then
      evenly distributed over a defined surface of the gel with a PVC film. This
      modification of the conventional 2-D-IEP procedure makes it possible to perform
      tandem 2-D-IEPs comparing 2 antisera on the same gel plate, rocket IEPs where
      several antisera are compared by electrophoresis on the same gel plate, and 2-D
      IEPs with an intermediate antiserum, avoiding the need to pour an intermediate
      gel. With this technique, 77 antigens have been demonstrated in a Candida
      albicans serotype A somatic antigen preparation. This is the first description of
      such a large number of immunoprecipitates on the same immunoplate.

PMID- 6361151
TI  - Isolation of follicular dendritic cells from human tonsils and adenoids. I.
      Procedure and morphological characterization.
AB  - Follicular dendritic cells have been isolated from human tonsils and adenoids and
      characterized at the ultrastructural level. Follicles were dissected and digested
      with different hydrolytic enzymes. The cells were separated by sedimentation at
      unit gravity. By this procedure we obtained follicular dendritic cells enveloping
      lymphocytes with their cytoplasmic extensions in a way analogous to that
      described for isolated thymic nurse cells. The ultrastructural features of
      isolated follicular dendritic cells are similar to those observed in situ.
      Prolonged enzymatic action caused loss of the enveloped lymphocytes.

PMID- 6361152
TI  - Cascade immunization: a method of obtaining polyspecific antisera against crude
      fractions of antigens.
AB  - Between 20 and 30 precipitation lines are usually obtained by crossed immune
      electrophoresis of an Escherichia coli cytoplasmic extract against antisera
      produced against that extract in individual rabbits. With a combination of
      several such antisera, the number of precipitation lines increases to 30-40.
      Nevertheless, extracts as used in this work contain many antigens in addition to
      those thus detected. Intermolecular immune competition may be avoided by removing
      strong immunogens from the extracts. The remaining antigens which give no immune
      response in the primary immunization are used for further immunization. New
      antibody production against 8-14 additional antigens occurs after one such
      'cascade immunization' step. Separation of strong from weak immunogens is
      performed by preparative CIE and the use of immuno-affinity columns. The
      procedure is called cascade immunization because it involves repeated removal of
      antigens and production of further antisera directed against antigens in the
      remainder.

PMID- 6361153
TI  - Fine needle aspiration cytology of the spleen of tumor bearing mice.
AB  - Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the spleen was performed in 10 tumor
      bearing mice. The vascularized spleens were mobilized and re-located under the
      skin in order to facilitate fine needle biopsy (FNB). Samples of spleen cells
      thus obtained were studied and the lymphoid cells characterized and counted
      according to morphology. Owing to a relative decrease in numbers of lymphocytes
      during tumor growth a very marked intrasplenic increase in numbers of
      granulocytes was observed. The splenograms of a mouse rejecting the tumor were
      different from those of tumor bearing mice. FNAC of the spleen is a reliable
      method for monitoring immunocompetence in individual tumor bearing animals.

PMID- 6361154
TI  - The use of cytocentrifuge preparations for the demonstration of T cell surface
      antigens.
AB  - Cytocentrifuged cell preparations have been evaluated as substrates for the
      demonstration by immunofluorescence of T cell surface antigens. Results obtained
      by a 2-stage method with fluorescent conjugate specific for the isotype of the
      first stage monoclonal antibody, and by a 3-stage procedure employing an
      intermediate antiserum to mouse IgG as amplifying agent, showed good correlation
      with those obtained by a standard technique performed on cells in suspension.
      These methods have the advantages of requiring fewer cells and less antibody and
      the cytocentrifuge preparations may be stored for batch assay.

PMID- 6361155
TI  - Serological specificity of the liposome lysis test for measurement of anti
      ganglioside antibodies. A comparison with hemagglutination inhibition.
AB  - A simple and reliable complement-dependent liposome lysis test for the detection
      of anti-ganglioside antibodies is described. For sera raised in rabbits against
      the monosialoganglioside NG-GM3, the sensitivity and specificity of antibody
      detection was compared with that of the HRBC hemagglutination-inhibition test:
      the liposome lysis test appears more sensitive. A difference in antigen
      presentation was also demonstrated.

PMID- 6361156
TI  - Addition of polyethylene glycol 6000 improves the sensitivity of the protein A
      plaque assay for detection of human immunoglobulin secreting cells.
AB  - A technical modification of the protein A plaque assay is described in which the
      addition of polyethylene glycol 6000 results in increased sensitivity in
      detection of human immunoglobulin secreting cells. Optimal conditions for use of
      this modification are described which result in improved detection and
      visualisation of haemolytic zones and have, with continued use, been shown to
      improve the reproducibility and reliability of this assay.

PMID- 6361157
TI  - Correlation of erythrocytic peripheral blood chimaerism and putative bone marrow
      precursors bearing erythroid differentiation (B-G) antigens using monoclonal
      antibodies immobilized on fluorescent latex spheres.
AB  - The degree of erythroid chimaerism from chickens made chimaeric following stem
      cell infusion as embryos has been determined using a sensitive and simple
      procedure with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for erythroid
      differentiation (B-G) antigens. Highly labelled fluorescent latex beads coupled
      to specific MAbs have allowed for the detection of very low frequency chimaeric
      cell subpopulations. A direct correlation between the chimaerism of the bone
      marrow cells, from which mature RBCs had been eliminated, and the percentage RBC
      chimaerism in the blood was found. This comprises additional evidence that the B
      G bearing bone marrow cells are precursors for mature RBCs.

PMID- 6361159
TI  - Improvements to the plaque assay for antibody secreting cells.
AB  - A capillary glass microslide has been adapted to function as a chamber for the
      determination of plaque forming cell responses. Comparisons with Cunningham
      chambers indicate no significant difference between methods. Further, microslides
      arrive clean and ready to use, thus eliminating the need to assemble chambers as
      necessitated by the Cunningham method. Used in conjunction with an electronically
      assisted enumerating device, the microslides provide a rapid and less tedious
      means for assaying large numbers of animals for PFC responses.

PMID- 6361158
TI  - Whole organisms and purified cell walls compared as immunosorbents for the
      detection of IgE antibodies to Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - We have developed an immunoradiometric assay for IgE antibodies to Staphylococcus
      aureus (Staph IgE-Ab) which uses purified cell walls (PCW) from the Wood 46
      strain of S. aureus as an immunosorbent. We compared Wood 46 PCW and whole
      organisms (WO) as immunosorbents for Staph IgE-Ab by performing tests on sera
      from patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) or the hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome
      (hyper IgE syndrome). Sera with Staph IgE-Ab demonstrated dose-dependent binding
      to PCW and WO, but the ratio of specific to non-specific binding was much greater
      with PCW. Mean non-specific binding to WO was greater than to PCW, 5% versus 2%;
      and non-specific binding to WO varied directly with the serum concentration of
      IgE. Results of tests on patients' sera indicated that PCW are required in
      screening assays for Staph IgE-Ab to avoid false positive results caused by high
      levels of non-specific binding to WO.

PMID- 6361160
TI  - Sera used for complement-mediated cytolysis can alter B cell function in vitro.
AB  - Nonspecific effects of reagents used to selectively isolate lymphocyte
      subpopulations are most often analyzed according to their influence on cell
      viability and proliferation. While characterizing monoclonal anti-human B cell
      antibodies, we detected consistent changes in B cell function between individual
      donors, no matter which antibody was employed to deplete B cell subpopulations.
      The source of these alterations was traced to the commercial complement
      containing sera used for cytolysis. Different lots of serum from 3 separate
      commercial vendors and 2 animal species (rabbit and guinea pig) routinely altered
      B lymphocyte differentiation after stimulation with either pokeweed mitogen or
      Staphylococcus aureus (Cowan I), while cell viability, lymphocyte subpopulation
      distribution, and proliferative responses were unaffected.

PMID- 6361161
TI  - Optimizing the lymphocyte transformation test in whole blood. I. Optimum
      conditions for thymidine incorporation.
AB  - The correlation between mitogen concentration and H3-thymidine incorporation can
      be described mathematically by a sigmoid dose-response curve. Thymidine
      incorporation/lymphocyte (Ti/Ly) was calculated to facilitate comparison of
      results. It was highest at a blood dilution of 1:50, lower at 1:10 or 1:250.
      Ti/Ly obtained with optimum concentrations of PHA was higher than with ConA.
      Advantages of this optimized method for whole blood over Ficoll-separated
      mononuclear cells are the higher Ti/Ly, the smaller quantities of blood required
      and the lower experimental effort.

PMID- 6361162
TI  - Ruptured subclavian artery aneurysm: ballon catheter for the immediate control of
      haemorrhage.

PMID- 6361163
TI  - Ventricular arrhythmias: guidelines for primary care management.

PMID- 6361164
TI  - Liver transplantation. A National Institutes of Health consensus report.

PMID- 6361165
TI  - Padua, Italy: the renaissance of medicine.

PMID- 6361166
TI  - Identification and partial characterization of pemphigoid antigen extracted from
      normal human skin.
AB  - Antibodies in the sera of patients with the disease bullous pemphigoid define a
      normal component of the basement membrane of stratified squamous epithelia.
      Pemphigoid antigen has been shown to be synthesized by mouse and human epidermal
      cells in culture as an approximately 220 kd protein when reduced. The purpose of
      this study was to characterize pemphigoid antigen extracted directly from normal
      human skin and to determine its relationship to the high molecular weight protein
      found in culture. Suction blister-derived epidermis was extracted with 2% sodium
      dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and the solubilized proteins were separated, after
      reduction, by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The separated
      proteins were electrophoretically transferred to nitrocellulose sheets.
      Pemphigoid antigen was then specifically identified by immunoperoxidase staining
      using pemphigoid sera. IgG from 5 different bullous pemphigoid patients bound a
      band of apparent molecular weight 225 kd. Antibodies from 6 normal sera and 4
      pemphigus sera did not bind this molecule. On a lower percentage (4%)
      polyacrylamide gel the pemphigoid antigen could be resolved as a doublet (two
      closely spaced bands) in the range of 220-240 kd. When unreduced, the pemphigoid
      antigen extracted from skin was also detected as a doublet in the 220-240 kd
      range. This suggests that the two chains are not necessarily disulfide-linked to
      each other in skin. Newly synthesized pemphigoid antigen immunoprecipitated from
      extracts of cultured human epidermal cells could also be identified on SDS-PAGE,
      when reduced, as a doublet in the 220-240 kd range. Taken together these data
      demonstrate that the pemphigoid antigen can be extracted directly from normal
      human skin and is a molecule similar in molecular weight to the antigen
      synthesized in human epidermal cell culture.

PMID- 6361167
TI  - Pattern of distribution of blood group antigens on human epidermal cells during
      maturation.
AB  - The distribution in human epidermis of A, B, and H blood group antigens and of a
      precursor carbohydrate chain, N-acetyl-lactosamine, was examined using
      immunofluorescence staining techniques. The material included tissue from 10
      blood group A, 4 blood group B, and 9 blood group O persons. Murine monoclonal
      antibodies were used to identify H antigen (type 2 chain) and N-acetyl
      lactosamine. Human antisera were used to identify A and B antigens. In all groups
      N-acetyl-lactosamine and H antigen were found on the cell membranes of the
      spinous cell layer. N-acetyl-lactosamine was present mainly on the lower spinous
      cells whereas H antigen was seen predominantly on upper spinous cells or on the
      granular cells. Epithelia from blood group A or B persons demonstrated A or B
      antigens, respectively, but only if the tissue sections were trypsinized before
      staining. In such cases A or B antigens were found on the cell membranes in the
      granular cell layer.

PMID- 6361168
TI  - KF-1 monoclonal antibody defines a specific basement membrane antigen defect in
      dystrophic forms of epidermolysis bullosa.
AB  - The monoclonal antibody, KF-1, identifies a noncollagenous constituent of the
      lamina densa of the basement membrane zone (BMZ) of skin. In order to determine
      whether this BMZ constituent is affected in epidermolysis bullosa (EB), a
      mechanobullous skin disease often resulting in marked disfigurement, we have
      examined skin from patients with various forms of this disease for binding by KF
      1 as well as for binding by polyclonal antibodies to laminin, type IV collagen,
      and bullous pemphigoid antigen, three other known BMZ components of normal skin.
      In all specimens from patients with simplex and junctional forms of EB, all four
      antibodies bound normally. In contrast, absent or diminished KF-1 binding was
      noted in all skin specimens from patients with dystrophic EB; antibodies directed
      against the other BMZ constituents, however, bound normally. This suggests that
      KF-1 may play a role in the structural integrity of normal skin and its absence
      or diminution may be important in the pathogenesis of lesion formation in
      dystrophic EB.

PMID- 6361170
TI  - The clonal nature of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains.
AB  - Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli belonging to O groups O111 and O55 and isolated
      from cases of infantile diarrhea in 26 countries all over the world during 1950
      1960 were examined for their outer-membrane protein (OMP) patterns; nine O:H
      serotypes of O111 and 11 serotypes of O55 were represented. Characteristic
      biotypes have earlier been described as closely associated with the most common
      O:H serotypes: O111:H2, O111:H12, O55:H6, and O55:H7. Different OMP patterns
      characterized each of the common O:H serobiotypes. The OMP patterns can be looked
      upon as another set of stable phenotypic characters in addition to the serotype
      antigens and the fermentative characters. The description of geographically
      widely spread, stable sero-/bio-/OMP types supports the concept that the typical
      enteropathogenic E coli strains also have a clonal connection.

PMID- 6361169
TI  - Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopic studies in cicatricial
      pemphigoid.
AB  - We have studied various tissues from 10 patients with cicatricial pemphigoid
      using direct and indirect immunofluorescence, mechanical suction blister
      induction, and immunoelectron microscopy. In 8 of the 10 patients, direct
      immunofluorescence of buccal mucosa showed a linear deposition of
      immunoreactants, IgG and C3 being those most commonly detected. Direct
      immunofluorescence of skin was positive in only 4 patients. Only 1 patient had a
      detectable circulating anti-basement membrane zone antibody. Substitution of
      normal human oral mucosa for adult skin as the tissue substrate for indirect
      immunofluorescence did not prove useful in the detection of circulating
      autoantibodies. Immunoelectron microscopy was performed in the skin or mucosa
      (buccal or ocular) of 6 patients, revealing lamina lucida localization of in vivo
      bound immunoreactants. Indirect immunofluorescence studies on mechanically
      induced suction blisters in skin of 2 patients with in vivo-bound IgG suggest
      that the lamina lucida antigen involved in cicatricial pemphigoid may be distinct
      from the bullous pemphigoid antigen.

PMID- 6361171
TI  - Protection of suckling mice from the heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli
      by human milk.
AB  - Human milk contained a factor or factors that protected suckling mice from lethal
      fluid loss due to Escherichia coli heat-stable toxin. This protective effect was
      present throughout lactation. The factor was heat stable, acid and alkali stable
      (pH 2 and 12), and of low molecular weight. Ion-exchange chromatography indicated
      that it was uncharged at neutral pH. The factor was insensitive to proteinase K
      digestion and partitioned in the aqueous phase in 2:1 (vol/vol) chloroform
      methanol. Acid hydrolysis (2 N HCl at 100 C for 3 hr) destroyed the protective
      effect. Neither an amino acid mix simulating human milk nor lactose in phosphate
      buffered saline was protective. These data indicate that the protective factor in
      human milk is neither a lipid nor a protein but appears to be a carbohydrate.

PMID- 6361172
TI  - Rectal colonization by group B beta-hemolytic streptococci in a geriatric
      population.

PMID- 6361173
TI  - Considerations for formulating the second-generation pneumococcal capsular
      polysaccharide vaccine with emphasis on the cross-reactive types within groups.

PMID- 6361174
TI  - Assessment of the microimmunofluorescence test for antibodies to Chlamydia
      trachomatis in adults with respiratory disorders.

PMID- 6361175
TI  - Sensitivity and specificity of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for
      tuberculosis.

PMID- 6361176
TI  - Prospective study of diarrheal illnesses in northeastern Brazil: patterns of
      disease, nutritional impact, etiologies, and risk factors.
AB  - Diarrhea is a leading cause of death in tropical countries. One of the highest
      childhood mortalities is in northeastern Brazil, where little is known about the
      morbidity, etiology, and risk factors of diarrhea. Prospective village
      surveillance over 30 months revealed diarrhea attack rates of more than seven
      episodes per child-year at six to 11 months of age among the children of the
      poorest families. Other risk factors included early weaning and the lack of
      toilets. Diarrhea led to weight loss and stunted growth. Enterotoxigenic
      Escherichia coli and rotaviruses were the most common pathogens, accounting for
      21% and 19% of cases, respectively, followed by Shigella species (8.0%),
      Campylobacter jejuni (7.5%), Giardia species (6.7%), Strongyloides species
      (5.3%), and enteropathogenic E coli serotypes (4.6%). Most (84%) enterotoxigenic
      E coli were isolated during the rainy season of October to March (P less than
      0.03), whereas 71% of rotaviral illnesses occurred during the drier months of
      June to October (P less than 0.03). In the present study, the early occurrence
      and nutritional impact of diarrhea and weaning, as well as the major etiologic
      agents of diarrhea and their different seasonal patterns have been defined for
      this region in which life-threatening diarrhea is endemic.

PMID- 6361177
TI  - Chronic afterload reduction in the treatment of congestive heart failure.

PMID- 6361178
TI  - [Unstable angina].

PMID- 6361180
TI  - [Magnetic alloys in prosthodontics. Magnetic attachment].

PMID- 6361179
TI  - [Recent progress in the treatment of heart failure].

PMID- 6361181
TI  - [Effects of various finishing instruments on the margin of composite resin
      restoration].

PMID- 6361182
TI  - [Immunoglobulin A protease secretion in Streptococcus sanguis accelerated by
      Actinomyces viscosus].

PMID- 6361183
TI  - Intranasal sphenoethmoidectomy. A safe and effective procedure.

PMID- 6361184
TI  - A difficult transplant patient.

PMID- 6361185
TI  - Role of kidney and liver in degradation of circulating submaxillary renin in
      mice.
AB  - Intravenous injection of 125I-radiolabeled submaxillary gland renin into mice
      resulted in rapid disappearance of this protein with a corresponding increase in
      its metabolites in the serum. The disappearance rate was substantially reduced
      after nephrectomy. Result from the in vitro incubation of the labeled renin with
      the whole blood excluded the possibility of any blood components participating in
      renin degradation. During the in vivo study, the kidneys were found to accumulate
      fivefold to sevenfold more radioactivity than the liver. The degradation of the
      labeled renin by the kidney and the liver was studied in vitro in slice
      preparations after preloading of the protein into organs in vivo for 15 min.
      Formation of metabolites was followed by the determination of the trichloroacetic
      acid-soluble radioactivity. Results from these in vitro experiments suggested
      that both tissues had about the same capacities to degrade the accumulated renin.
      A substantial amount of this renin-degradation activity could be inhibited by the
      metabolic energy inhibitors, sodium azide and 2,4-dinitrophenol, and the
      lysosomal inhibitor, chloroquine. The lysosomal localization of the organ
      accumulated renin after subcellular fractionation further implied the active
      internalization of the protein into lysosomes. Although the efficiency for renin
      degradation by both types of tissue were about the same, the in vivo uptake of
      labeled renin by the kidneys surpassed the uptake by the liver by severalfold. It
      is concluded that the kidneys play a major role in the degradation of circulating
      submaxillary gland renin.

PMID- 6361186
TI  - Bacterial adherence to fibronectin and endothelial cells: a possible mechanism
      for bacterial tissue tropism.
AB  - In the pathophysiology of endocarditis, bacteria must initially adhere to the
      endothelial surface components of the cardiac valve before invasion and
      colonization. The attachment of bacteria to endothelial cell surfaces is
      dependent on surface characteristics of both the bacteria and the endothelial
      cell. Fibronectin, a glycoprotein produced by endothelial cells, binds to some
      bacteria but not all. This report examines bacterial adherence to human
      endothelial cells and to fibronectin-coated surfaces. Radiolabeled Staphylococcus
      aureus (Cowan I strain) and viridans streptococci avidly bound to fibronectin
      coated surfaces and endothelial cell monolayers. In contrast, gram-negative
      organisms such as Escherichia coli bound poorly to both substrates. The adherence
      of S. aureus was dependent on time as well as on the concentration of fibronectin
      or the endothelial cell number. Bacterial adherence was specific for endothelial
      cells or fibronectin, since none occurred to plastic or to wells coated with
      collagen or albumin. The binding of S. aureus to fibronectin or endothelial cells
      appeared dependent on a bacterial surface protein, since treatment of the
      bacteria with proteases markedly decreased adherence. S. aureus was not dependent
      on the protein A or teichoic acid content of the cell wall, but adherence was
      markedly decreased in bacterial strains that had a carbohydrate capsule. S.
      aureus pretreated with serum or purified fibronectin manifested enhanced
      adherence to endothelial cells, suggesting fibronectin-fibronectin interactions.
      Bacteria specifically attach to endothelial cells and to fibronectin-coated
      surfaces, which suggests that the ability of a bacterium to attach to these
      substrates may reflect the propensity to invade and colonize vascular tissues
      such as cardiac valves.

PMID- 6361187
TI  - Hementin: anticoagulant protease from the salivary gland of the leech Haementeria
      ghilianii.
AB  - Leech Haementeria ghilianii has an anticoagulant in its salivary glands that
      renders ingested blood incoagulable by thrombin. The mechanism of blood
      incoagulation is associated with cleavage of peptide bonds in fibrinogen, and
      thus the active agent, called hementin, is a proteolytic enzyme. Hementin was
      isolated and purified 16-fold from the anterior salivary glands by anion-exchange
      chromatography, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and cation exchange
      chromatography. Pure material obtained by slab gel electrophoresis contained a
      single polypeptide chain with approximate Mr of 120,000. Hementin was stable for
      many hours at room temperature, but on incubation at 60 degrees C for 15 min all
      activity was lost. At 4 degrees, hementin had no activity, but this inhibition
      was fully reversible. Complete inactivation occurred in the presence of EDTA,
      cysteine, DTT, sodium phosphate and at extreme pH (greater than 11 or less than
      5), whereas citrate, Tris, glycine, and EGTA caused only partial loss of
      activity. DFP, PMSF, iodoacetic acid, and leupeptin had no effect on hementin
      activity. The data indicated hementin to be a neutral metalloprotease with
      optimum pH of 7.5. The enzyme had high affinity for cleaving fibrinogen and
      calculations of kinetic data from a double-reciprocal plot gave a Km of hementin
      for fibrinogen of 1.0 +/- 0.1 microM. Normal human citrated plasma or fresh blood
      were rendered incoagulable after incubation with hementin, indicating that the
      enzyme activity was not affected by plasma protease inhibitors. Plasma levels of
      coagulation factors II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, prekallikrein, and high
      molecular-weight kininogen were not altered by the enzyme. Hementin, a neutral
      metalloprotease resistant to plasma protease inhibitors, executes its
      anticoagulant effect on blood by selective cleavage of fibrinogen.

PMID- 6361188
TI  - The iliac bone or osteocutaneous transplant pedicled to the deep circumflex iliac
      artery. II. Clinical application.
AB  - 10 patients received a bone or osteocutaneous transplant pedicled to the deep
      circumflex iliac artery (DCIA) after in-continuity resection of the mandible. 9
      grafts healed primarily and were stable after a period of time corresponding to
      that needed in fractured bones. No infection or resorption occurred. In one case,
      varicosity made the vessel preparation impossible. Indications, reliability and
      pitfalls of this method are outlined and discussed in this paper.

PMID- 6361190
TI  - Structural implications of meditation: a review of principles and speculation of
      chiropractic applications.
AB  - A review of meditation techniques indicates that the suppression of inner speech
      by the use of a "mental devise" may be a key factor in generating the relaxation
      response of this procedure. It is hypothesized that the suppression of inner
      speech would release the diaphragm, temporomandibular joint muscles, and hyoid
      muscles from "symbolic duty." The structural implications of this hypothesis are
      explored, particularly as they may relate to the treatment of orthopedic
      disorders commonly seen in chiropractic practices.

PMID- 6361189
TI  - Immediate reconstruction using a scalp-forehead flap for the entire upper lip
      defect with the application of lyophilized porcine skin to surgical wounds. A
      case report of a malignant melanoma in the upper lip and oral mucosa.
AB  - A rare extensive malignant melanoma involving the upper lip and maxillary
      alveolar mucosa was removed by en bloc resection after chemotherapy and
      radiotherapy. Simultaneous immediate reconstruction of the entire upper lip
      defect was carried out with a bitemporal pedicle flap which included the scalp
      and forehead after applying lyophilized porcine skin to the wound where the
      alveolar bone had been resected, and the bilateral scalp-forehead and thigh donor
      sites. A partial denture was inserted six months postoperatively. Now, one and a
      half years after operation, the patient is quite satisfied with his cosmetic
      appearance and masticatory recovery.

PMID- 6361191
TI  - Atlanta's city hospital had a rough beginning.

PMID- 6361192
TI  - Suppression of LH secretion by oestradiol, dihydrotestosterone and trenbolone
      acetate in the acutely castrated bull.
AB  - Twenty acutely castrated bulls were used to investigate the role of androgenic
      and oestrogenic steroids in the feedback control of LH secretion. The effects of
      5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or the growth stimulants trenbolone acetate
      (TBA) or oestradiol-17 beta (OE2) on serum LH secretory profiles were measured.
      In addition, pituitary LH responses to exogenous LH releasing hormone (LHRH) were
      determined to differentiate between hypothalamic and pituitary sites of steroid
      action. At the time of castration, two groups of animals were given implants of
      either 45 mg OE2 or 200 mg TBA. Another group received equivalent to 30 mg daily
      injections of DHT. Control steers showed an increase in LH from 2.4 +/- 0.5
      (S.E.M.) micrograms/l to 7.0 +/- 0.5 micrograms/l during the week after
      castration. Treatment with DHT and TBA prevented the post-castration rise in
      serum LH. In contrast, steers given implants of OE2 showed a significantly
      greater increase in LH than controls 1 day after castration, but by day 5 LH
      declined in the OE2-treated group to precastration values. Five weeks after
      castration control steers secreted LH in pulses at intervals of 40-50 min and
      with an amplitude of 4.2 +/- 0.4 micrograms/l. Pulses were not detected in the LH
      profiles of the steroid-treated steers. Dihydrotestosterone and TBA significantly
      reduced pituitary LH responses to exogenous LHRH, whereas steers receiving OE2
      showed LH responses to LHRH which were similar to those observed in castrated
      controls. These results support the hypothesis that androgenic and oestrogenic
      components participate separately in the feedback control of LH secretion in the
      bull.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6361193
TI  - Effect of insulin on glucose uptake by the maternal hindlimb and uterus, and by
      the fetus in conscious pregnant sheep.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of insulin receptors on the
      maternal surface of the placenta in several species and the specific binding of
      insulin to the placenta in sheep. However, both in-vitro and in-vivo studies have
      produced conflicting evidence concerning the effect of insulin on placental
      glucose uptake. To clarify this problem, we measured maternal hindlimb, uterine
      and fetal glucose and oxygen extractions and glucose/oxygen quotients in
      chronically catheterized, non-stressed, late-gestation pregnant sheep over 1 h at
      a constant concentration of arterial plasma glucose, and again during the next 2
      h at the same glucose level but at a higher insulin concentration using glucose
      'clamp' methodology. Insulin produced a 4.9-fold increase in glucose extraction
      and a 3.5-fold increase in glucose/oxygen quotient across the hindlimb; in
      contrast, insulin did not significantly affect uterine or fetal glucose
      extraction or glucose/oxygen quotient. We conclude that in contrast to other
      tissues of the pregnant ewe, placental glucose uptake and transfer are
      insensitive to variations in maternal insulin concentration.

PMID- 6361194
TI  - Central inhibition of milk ejection in the rabbit: involvement of hippocampus and
      subiculum.
AB  - Removal of discrete parts of the forebrain of the anaesthetized lactating rabbit
      by suction caused repeated milk-ejection responses. These were associated with
      transection or removal of the subiculum, which represents the major efferent
      pathway from the hippocampal formation to the diencephalon. It is suggested that
      the hippocampus may exert a tonic, inhibitory influence over oxytocin release,
      that this inhibition may represent a cascade of events which originates in the
      brainstem and culminates in the subiculum and that removal of this inhibition may
      lead to release of oxytocin.

PMID- 6361195
TI  - Fatty acid synthesis by explant cultures from the mammary glands of goats on days
      60 and 120 of pregnancy.
AB  - Explants of mammary glands from 60-day pregnant goats showed a mean fourfold
      increase in fatty acid synthesis from acetate when cultured with insulin+
      cortisol. Epithelial cells increased their area by 60% but no secretory activity
      was induced. In 120-day pregnant goats, fatty acid synthesis and epithelial cell
      area were greater than at day 60 of pregnancy and were unaffected by
      hypophysectomy or by daily treatment with bromocriptine from day 60. Neither
      increased further on culture of mammary explants in insulin + cortisol. Ovine
      prolactin increased fatty acid synthesis two-fold when added to insulin +
      cortisol in cultures of mammary tissue from goats on day 60 of pregnancy and
      secretory activity was induced. On day 120 of pregnancy insulin + cortisol +
      prolactin sustained or slightly stimulated both fatty acid synthesis and the
      extensive secretion present in the tissue at the start of culture. Synthesis of
      medium-chain fatty acids of milk-fat was also sustained by prolactin in one goat.
      An atmosphere of air was found to maintain normal histological structure of the
      mammary gland. By contrast, in 95% oxygen, explants from goats which were 60 days
      pregnant showed epithelial cells filling the lumina of ducts and alveoli in 60%
      of explants and a poor response to prolactin.

PMID- 6361196
TI  - Parturition-related changes in insulin-like growth factors-I and -II in the
      perinatal lamb.
AB  - Specific radioligand assays for the two somatomedins, insulin-like growth factor
      (IGF)-I and IGF-II, have been used to study the ontogeny of somatomedin secretion
      in the perinatal lamb. Plasma samples were obtained from sheep fetuses from 54
      days of gestation to term (147 days) and from neonatal lambs. All samples were
      first extracted in acid-ethanol to remove the somatomedin-binding proteins.
      Concentrations of IGF-I measured by radioimmunoassay were lower (P less than
      0.01) in the fetus than in the adult sheep (0.96 +/- 0.17 (S.D.) units/ml, n =
      11). Fetal IGF-I values rose (P less than 0.01) from 0.29 +/- 0.15 units/ml (n =
      6) at 50-80 days to 0.79 +/- 0.18 units/ml (n = 13) at 140-150 days. While values
      were similar 0-2 days after birth, they rose (P less than 0.01) to 2.4 +/- 1.3
      units/ml (n = 15) 3-7 days after birth. By 60 days they had fallen to adult
      values. In contrast, IGF-II levels measured by rat placental membrane
      radioreceptor assay were higher (P less than 0.001) in the fetus (2.71 +/- 1.06
      units/ml, n = 18) than in the adult (1.0 +/- 0.17 units/ml) and showed no
      gestational trend between 50 and 140 days of gestation. Longitudinal studies
      showed a fall (P less than 0.01) in IGF-II values starting several days before
      birth. By 12 h after birth, IGF-II concentrations were similar to the adult and
      showed no subsequent postnatal change. These results demonstrate that IGF-I and
      IGF-II are not secreted in parallel in the perinatal lamb. There are major
      changes in the regulation of both IGF-I and IGF-II in relationship to birth. It
      is suggested that the high fetal IGF-II concentrations appear to be maintained by
      a stimulus withdrawn before birth. The postnatal rise in IGF-I may be related to
      the increase in hepatic somatogenic receptors at this age.

PMID- 6361197
TI  - Prostaglandin D2 induces release of luteinizing hormone from the rat pituitary
      gland without the modulation of hypothalamic luteinizing hormone releasing
      hormone.
AB  - The effect of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) on release of LH and LH releasing hormone
      (LHRH) was studied in a sequential double-chamber superfusion system using the
      medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) and the pituitary gland from female rats at
      dioestrus. Infusion of PGD2 (5.7 or 57 mumol/l) caused a significant (P less than
      0.05) increase in LH release to values 40-60% above the preinjection values from
      the pituitary gland superfused either alone or in series with the MBH. No release
      of LHRH in response to PGD2 was observed from the superfused MBH. These data
      demonstrate that PGD2 causes LH release from the pituitary gland not by inducing
      release of hypothalamic LHRH but by a direct action on the gland.

PMID- 6361198
TI  - Variations in hypothalamic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone content and
      release in vitro and plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone and
      testosterone in developing cockerels.
AB  - An in-vitro superfusion system was used to study age-dependent changes in the
      functional activity of LH releasing hormone (LHRH) neurones terminating in the
      mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) of the cockerel. Fragments of MBH tissue were
      obtained from cockerels killed at 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks of age and both the rate
      of release of LHRH in vitro and the residual content of LHRH were determined by
      radioimmunoassay. Blood was collected from a similar group of cockerels of the
      same age for determination of plasma LH and testosterone concentrations.
      Superfused cockerel MBH showed both basal and depolarization-induced release of
      LHRH and the calcium-dependency of the release process was demonstrated. The
      viability of MBH in vitro was indicated by the observation that the rate of CO2
      production by the tissue remained constant during a 3-h period of superfusion.
      Both the basal rate of release of LHRH (7.24 +/- 0.63 pg/2MBH per h; mean +/-
      S.E.M., n = 4) and the residual content of LHRH (1.10 +/- 0.24 ng/2MBH) were
      lowest in the 8-week-old cockerel and increased progressively to reach levels
      three (P less than 0.001) and 13 (P less than 0.001) times greater, respectively,
      by 20 weeks of age. Concentrations of LH and testosterone in plasma did not
      increase significantly until 16 weeks of age when the respective values were 5.86
      +/- 0.37 micrograms/l and 1.88 +/- 0.31 nmol/l (n = 11). Whereas plasma
      testosterone increased further to 5.76 +/- 0.42 nmol/l (n equal 11) at 20 weeks
      of age, plasma LH fell significantly (P less than 0.02) to a concentration of
      4.08 +/- 0.41 micrograms/l (n = 11).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6361199
TI  - Anaerobic isolates in primary pulpal-alveolar cellulitis cases: endodontic
      resolutions and drug therapy considerations.

PMID- 6361200
TI  - Sealing ability of dental amalgams as retrograde fillings in endodontic therapy.

PMID- 6361201
TI  - Malignant lymphomas in road transport workers.
AB  - The relative risks of malignant lymphomas among road transport workers were
      investigated using the National Cancer Registry in England and Wales. Drivers of
      buses and coaches (OCC unit 120) had increased risks for both Hodgkin's and non
      Hodgkin's lymphomas and the drivers of other road passenger vehicles (OCC unit
      121) for Hodgkin's lymphomas only. Although the increased risks did not show
      statistical significance, they corresponded to and reinforced previously
      described findings based on occupational mortality.

PMID- 6361202
TI  - Synthesis of globin chains in the erythropoietic sites of the early chick embryo.
AB  - The synthesis of globins in the chick embryo before the onset of circulation has
      been studied in situ by specific immunofluorescence labelling of embryonic
      sections and by labelling newly synthesized proteins in ovo and in vitro in
      embryonic explants with [3H]leucine. The presence of major primitive haemoglobins
      is observed by 28 h of incubation. The minor primitive haemoglobins become
      detectable by immunofluorescence after 40 h of development, shortly before the
      onset of circulation. 3H-labelling shows that one definitive alpha chain is
      synthesized, though in low concentration, from the initial globin detection. The
      other definitive alpha chain is observed in embryos of at least 40 h of
      development. The relative concentration of the two definitive alpha chains
      changes rapidly with development indicating a specific mechanism of regulation.
      An erythropoietic site is observed in the wall of the dorsal aorta in embryos of
      about 45-50 h of development. From the initial detection, those cells contain all
      four primitive embryonic haemoglobins, in contrast to what is observed for the
      cells of the blood islands.

PMID- 6361203
TI  - The form and structure of supernumerary hindlimbs formed following skin grafting
      and nerve deviation in the newt Triturus cristatus.
AB  - The results of a series of skin grafting experiments performed on the hindlimb of
      the newt Triturus cristatus are described. In an attempt to limit the position of
      origin and the complexity of supernumerary limb outgrowths four experimental
      features were varied. These were 1) size of skin grafts; 2) their position of
      origin; 3) the position to which they were grafted; and 4) the presence or
      absence of nerves of two different sizes at the graft site. The degree of distal
      outgrowth and the pattern of the supernumerary structures in the anterior to
      posterior and dorsal to ventral axes were assessed. The results are discussed in
      terms of the control of pattern regulation in localized populations of limb
      blastema cells.

PMID- 6361204
TI  - Fluid transport by gallbladder epithelium.
AB  - The absorption of fluid by epithelial tissues is thought to be due to the
      existence of hypertonic regions within the epithelium. The magnitude of the
      required hypertonicity as well as its localization have been the subject of
      considerable experimental and theoretical effort. Model calculations demonstrated
      the need for knowledge of the water permeability of the membranes of epithelial
      cells for the purpose of estimation of the osmotic gradients required for fluid
      absorption. We measured the hydraulic water permeability of the individual cell
      membranes of Necturus gallbladder by quantitative light microscopy. The water
      permeabilities were sufficiently high so that small osmotic gradients were
      required to achieve normal rates of fluid transport. The cell osmolality was
      calculated to exceed that of the mucosal bathing solution by about 2 mosmol kg-1,
      and the basolateral interstitial osmolality was calculated to be about 1 mosmol
      kg-1 greater than that of the cell. The fluid absorbed by the epithelium must be
      slightly hypertonic to the bathing solutions. Knowledge of the apical cell
      membrane water permeability and the relative area of the cell and tight junction
      allow a calculation of the relative flow of fluid across both pathways. It can be
      readily shown that osmotically induced flow across the epithelium occurs
      predominantly transcellularly because of the small area of the junctional pathway
      and the high water permeability of the cell membranes.

PMID- 6361205
TI  - Functional properties of the paracellular pathway in some leaky epithelia.
AB  - We here review the functional properties of the paracellular pathway of leaky
      epithelia such as gallbladder and renal proximal tubule. These epithelia are
      characterized by leaky terminal bars between adjacent cells which allow small
      ions, non-electrolytes and water to leak from lumen to interstitial fluid or
      back. In the past 10 years a great deal of information has been obtained about
      the properties of the misnamed 'tight' junctions in the terminal bars, by
      assuming that the overall permeation pattern reflected predominantly the
      junctional permeation properties. Although recent trans- and intraepithelial
      impedance analyses indicate that this assumption is not always justified (the
      contribution of the lateral intercellular space to the paracellular shunt
      resistance is not negligible, when the spaces are collapsed) it seems that the
      major conclusions are correct. The properties of the terminal junctions may thus
      be summarized as follows. (1) Large molecules such as horseradish peroxidase are
      not able to pass. (2) Passage of lipophilic substances is insignificant, as these
      substances permeate by the cellular route. (3) Depending on the tissue, ion
      permeation is either governed by channels with negative fixed charges, or
      positive fixed charges, or both. As inferred from ion selectivity patterns the
      channels of different epithelia are either wide and highly hydrated or narrow and
      poorly hydrated, thus allowing more or less water molecules to pass besides the
      ions. In narrow channels single-file diffusion may occur. (4) Besides the
      selective channels a free solution shunt seems to be present in some epithelia.
      (5) When applied in millimolar concentrations 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidinium and
      amiloride block negatively charged junctional channels. However these substances
      do not simply turn leaky epithelia into tight epithelia, because they have
      additional effects on the cell membranes. (6) As observed in cell cultures,
      formation of tight junctions requires connecting particles to be present on the
      cell surface--which seems to be controlled by the cytoskeleton-- and requires the
      presence of calcium ions as ligands. (7) Cellular control over paracellular
      permeability may be exerted through changes of intracellular calcium
      concentration.

PMID- 6361206
TI  - Paracellular and transcellular routes for water and solute movements across
      insect epithelia.
AB  - Because the frontal area of the intercellular clefts in Malpighian tubules is
      small, and the osmotic permeability of the cell membranes is large, the route for
      transepithelial water movement during fluid secretion is transcellular. Water
      movements appear to be a passive response to osmotic gradients of a few mosmol 1(
      1) produced in the cells and in he lumen by active ion transport. The excretory
      functions of Malpighian tubules are discussed in relation to recent analyses of
      the routes of passive permeation for non-electrolytes. Uncharged molecules
      smaller than a disaccharide appear to move at significant rates through the cells
      whereas molecules as large as inulin traverse the epithelium by a paracellular
      path. In addition there are specific active transport mechanisms for a variety of
      organic molecules. The routes and mechanisms proposed for water and solute
      movements are discussed in relation to comparable studies in other epithelia.

PMID- 6361207
TI  - Chloride cells and the hormonal control of teleost fish osmoregulation.
AB  - Teleost fish osmoregulation is largely the result of integrated transport
      activities of the gill, gut and renal system. The basic 'epithelial fabric' in
      each of these tissues is adapted to provide the appropriate transport mechanisms
      depending upon whether the fish is in fresh water or sea water. Net NaCl
      transport by the branchial epithelium reverses direction when euryhaline species
      migrate between the two media, providing a useful focus in experiments designed
      to elucidate mechanisms of differentiation and integration of transport function.
      Isolated opercular membranes and skins from certain seawater-adapted species are
      good models to study branchial salt extrusion mechanisms. These heterogeneous
      tissues generate short-circuit currents equal to net chloride secretion. The
      vibrating probe technique has allowed localization of all current and almost all
      conductance to the apical crypt of chloride cells. Area-specific surface current
      and conductance of chloride cells are 18 mA cm-2 and 580 mS cm-2 (1.7 omega cm2),
      ranking them as one of the most actively transporting and conductive cells known.
      There is no net sodium transport under short-circuit conditions but the chloride
      secretion process is sodium-dependent and ouabain and 'loop'-diuretic sensitive.
      Sodium fluxes through chloride cells are large (PNa = 5.2 X 10(-4) cms-1) nd
      appear passive and rate-limited by a single barrier. A link may exist between the
      active transport and leak pathways since sodium fluxes always account for 50% of
      chloride cell conductance. The sodium pathway is probably the chloride cell
      accessory cell tight junction, although this is still unresolved. Chloride
      secretion can be rapidly modulated by several hormones, including catecholamines,
      somatostatin, glucagon, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and urotensins I and
      II. Regulation by these hormones may be by rapid alterations of cellular cAMP
      levels. Differentiation of chloride cells and chloride secretion may be
      controlled by cortisol and prolactin. Cortisol stimulates chloride cell
      proliferation and differentiation and appears to interact with NaCl to initiate
      salt secretion. Prolactin appears to cause chloride cell dedifferentiation by
      reducing both the active-transport and leak pathways proportionately.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6361208
TI  - Evolution of control of epithelial transport in vertebrates.
AB  - In this review, the control of osmoregulation in the whole animal is discussed.
      Two main areas are considered: (i) the interaction between neural and hormonal
      control of osmoregulation and (ii) the relationship between vascular and
      osmoregulatory responses to these controlling factors. In the first area, the
      importance of neural influence on bullfrog kidney is described. The data suggest
      that alpha-adrenergic mechanisms are involved in glomerular as well as tubular
      functions. Innervation of tubular cels is seen in electron microscopic studies.
      Effects of neurotransmitters on fish gills and amphibian urinary bladder and skin
      transport are discussed. It is suggested that neural control in fish and
      amphibian epithelial transport might play an important role in osmoregulation. In
      the second area, a hypothesis is advanced for the evolution of renal function of
      arginine vasotocin (AVT). AVT probably first appeared as a vascular hormone. Its
      diuretic effect on fishes could be due to its systemic pressor action. During
      evolution, redistribution of vascular receptors, which became more numerous or
      more sensitive in the preglomerular circulation, resulted in glomerular
      antidiuresis as seen in the mudpuppy and bullfrog. Tubular receptors to AVT,
      present in the bullfrog, enhanced the antidiuretic property of this peptide.
      Effects of neurotransmitters on gill transport could be due in part to their
      vascular action on the branchial vasculature. The intimate relationship between
      vascular and osmoregulatory responses to controlling factors could be important
      in our understanding of the evolution of the control of osmoregulation.

PMID- 6361209
TI  - Na/K/Cl co-transport and its regulation.
AB  - NaCl and Na/K/Cl co-transport systems in many cell types show a number of
      similarities, among which are sensitivity to 'loop' diuretic inhibition and
      extremely high anion selectivity. Avian erythrocytes possess a NA+K+2Cl co
      transporter that is stimulated by agents raising intracellular cAMP. The system
      is also inhibited following ATP-depletion of the cells, in agreement with results
      in other tissues; this nucleotide may exert a regulatory role on the operation of
      the co-transporter. A Na/K/Cl co-transport system is also present in flounder
      intestine, where it plays a central role in salt absorption at the luminal border
      of the tissue. In contrast to the avian erythrocyte this system is inhibited by
      raising intracellular cyclic nucleotide content, cGMP being more effective than
      cAMP. From these results it is concluded that second messenger regulation of
      Na/K/Cl co-transport processes is heterogeneous and may exhibit some tissue
      specificity.

PMID- 6361210
TI  - [Effect of total hormone concentration on the determination of amount of binding
      in the hormone/receptor interaction between erythrocytes and insulin].
AB  - The interaction of erythrocytes and [125I]insulin/insulin were studied up to a
      total insulin concentration of 409 mumol/l. Assuming a single class receptor
      model the evaluation of receptor affinity Ka and concentration R0 may be
      performed either by non-linear regression analyses with iteration procedures of
      R0, Ka and U (nonspecific binding), or by a linear regression analysis of the
      initial part of the Scatchard plot. Nonlinear fitting of data to a two class
      receptor model gives results that are reliable only for the high affinity
      receptor site. The non-definable step of R0 determination leads to uncertainties
      in results determined by the negative cooperativity model. From the results of
      this investigation and from considerations of signal modulation by receptor
      occupancy, some recommendations have been formulated for the evaluation of
      binding parameters; these should contribute to an improvement in the
      comparability of studies on the interactions of erythrocytes and insulin.

PMID- 6361211
TI  - The computer as a diagnostic consultant.

PMID- 6361212
TI  - The evolution in health care financing.

PMID- 6361213
TI  - Effects of culture density on the kinetics of germ tube formation in Candida
      albicans.
AB  - The relationship between culture density or phase of growth at 24.5 degrees C and
      the ability of Candida albicans to form germ tubes when shifted to 37 degrees C
      was investigated. Evidence is presented demonstrating germ tube production from
      liquid synthetic medium cultures at all phases of growth. Previous studies
      reported that only cells from stationary phase cultures were competent to form
      germ tubes. Comparisons between exponential and stationary phase cultures
      indicate more rapid and more synchronous germ tube production from cells growing
      in the exponential phase.

PMID- 6361214
TI  - The genetic location of three mutations impairing penicillin production in
      Aspergillus nidulans.
AB  - Three mutations impairing penicillin production in Aspergillus nidulans, npeB,
      npeC and npeD, have been located on linkage groups III, IV and II, respectively,
      and positioned relative to other loci on these chromosomes.

PMID- 6361215
TI  - Acquisition and maintenance of enterotoxin plasmids in wild-type strains of
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli (ETEC) may produce a heat-labile
      enterotoxin (LT), a heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) or both enterotoxins. Certain
      serogroups are represented more frequently than others in ETEC isolated from
      humans. The transfer of three plasmids encoding enterotoxin production (Ent) to
      22 non-toxigenic E. coli strains of many different O:H serotypes was studied. The
      Ent plasmids encoded ST (TP276), or LT (TP277), or ST + LT (TP214), and all
      carried antibiotic-resistance determinants. Twenty-one recipient strains acquired
      TP214, 18 acquired TP277 and 14 acquired TP276. Strains of those serotypes to
      which ETEC in diarrhoeal studies commonly belong neither acquired nor maintained
      Ent plasmids with a higher frequency than strains of those serotypes to which
      ETEC rarely belong. The recipient strains, with one exception, all expressed ST,
      or LT, or ST and LT, when they had acquired the appropriate plasmid; a non-motile
      strain belonging to O serogroup 88 expressed LT but failed to express ST when it
      acquired TP214 or TP277.

PMID- 6361216
TI  - Comparison of ureaplasmas from sheep and goats with Ureaplasma diversum and U.
      urealyticum.
AB  - Ureaplasmas isolated from sheep and goats were compared by immunofluorescence
      with antisera prepared in calves and by PAGE of polypeptides labelled by growth
      in the presence of [35S]methionine. The ovine and caprine strains constituted two
      groups defined by serology and polypeptide composition that were not related to
      the animal species from which they originated. Strains representing these two
      groups were compared with Ureaplasma urealyticum (human isolates) and U. diversum
      (bovine isolates). They could not be classified with either but were more similar
      to the U. diversum strains.

PMID- 6361217
TI  - Protoplast and cytoplasmic membrane preparations from Streptococcus sanguis and
      Streptococcus mutans.
AB  - Protoplasts were prepared from Streptococcus sanguis and some S. mutans serotypes
      by use of lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17) under particular conditions: cells had to be
      grown in DL-threonine (20 mM) and harvested in early exponential phase. The
      efficiency of protoplast formation was enhanced by two additional steps:
      plasmolysis (in 12% PEG), prior to addition of lysozyme, and a swirling phase,
      after the enzymic action. This procedure allowed us to obtain clean protoplasts,
      with only 0.5% contamination by bacterial cell walls. Up to 90% protoplast lysis
      was obtained in 0.5 M-NaCl. Cytoplasmic membrane purification was achieved by
      centrifugation on a glycerol cushion.

PMID- 6361218
TI  - Isolation and identification of trachyloban-19-oic and (-)-kaur-16-en-19-oic
      acids as antimicrobial agents from the prairie sunflower, Helianthus annuus.

PMID- 6361219
TI  - Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in rat brain tumors transplacentally
      induced by ethylnitrosourea (ENU).
AB  - The immunohistochemical distribution of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in
      neoplastic lesions induced in the rat by ENU is reported. GFAP was present in
      hypertrophic reactive astrocytes, which were numerous in early neoplastic
      proliferations, in microtumors of the white matter, and in those collected at the
      periphery of large tumors. They were absent in cortical oligodendroglial foci and
      microtumors. No GFAP-positive cells were observed in hyperplasias of the white
      matter: astrocyte-like cells of large tumors were GFAP-negative. The significance
      of reactive astrocytes and the problem of the astrocytic component in
      transplacental ENU tumors are discussed.

PMID- 6361220
TI  - Properties of neurons from dissociated fetal rat brain in serum-free culture.
AB  - Because of the unknown constituents and varying composition of serum, its
      presence in media used in cell culture unavoidably compromises attempts to study
      cellular mechanisms of growth and differentiation. To overcome this, we have
      devised a serum-free, chemically defined medium which maintains primary cultures
      of fetal rat brain cells for more than 6 weeks. This medium allows expression of
      characteristic properties of neurons and prevents overgrowth of non-neuronal
      elements without use of antimitotic agents. Cells prepared and plated without
      exposure to serum attach in less than 20 min to poly-D-lysine substratum and
      begin to extend processes within 1 hr. After 2 days in culture, process-bearing
      cells can be divided into those with characteristic neuronal morphology,
      including long processes which generally branch at a distance from the
      perikaryon, and those having the appearance of glial cells with many short, thin
      processes which branch frequently near the cell body. The remaining non-neuronal
      cells are large and flat with few or no processes. The presence of neurons and
      astroglia was demonstrated by immunofluorescence detection of bound tetanus toxin
      as a neuron-specific surface marker, and glial fibrillary acidic protein as an
      astroglial marker. By the 3rd day in culture, many cells of neuronal morphology
      were able to generate action potentials in response to electrical stimulation.
      The ionic composition of the inward current changes from Ca2+ to predominantly
      Na+ by about 10 days in culture. The presence of synaptic vesicles and myelin was
      demonstrated by electron microscopy. The ability of dissociated cells from
      mammalian brain to grow in defined medium without serum and acquire selected
      properties of mature cells in vivo demonstrates the potential of this culture
      system for neurobiological studies at the cellular level.

PMID- 6361221
TI  - Post-translational modification and evoked release of two large surface proteins
      of sympathetic neurons.
AB  - Two high molecular weight glycoproteins, exposed on the surface of sympathetic
      neurons, are modified after they have been translated, glycosylated, and inserted
      in the plasma membrane. B1 (apparent Mr = 230,000 by electrophoresis in sodium
      dodecyl sulfate) and B3 (Mr approximately 200,000) are each modified to give
      proteins of lower apparent molecular weight: B2 (Mr approximately 215,000) and B4
      (Mr approximately 185,000). B1 and B3 are derived from two precursors, P1 (Mr
      approximately 210,000) and P3 (Mr approximately 185,000) which are nonsialylated,
      mannose-rich proteins not exposed on the cell surface. In unstimulated cells, B1
      and B3 are converted to B2 and B4 with a half-life of 4 to 6 hr. In cells which
      have been treated chemically to evoke the release of neurotransmitter, the
      modification appears to be accelerated, and B2 and B4 are shed into the medium in
      soluble form (S2 and S4). This evoked release of protein is calcium dependent and
      is detected only in conditions which favor the rapid release of neurotransmitter.
      In the absence of exogenous calcium, however, transmitter release can be evoked
      without the accompanying release of protein. Thus the release of protein is not
      an essential step of transmitter release, but may follow it. B1, its precursor,
      and derivatives are immunologically related to the NILE (nerve growth factor
      inducible, large external) glycoprotein of pheochromocytoma PC12 cells (McGuire,
      J. C., L. A. Greene, and A. V. Furano (1978) Cell 15: 357-365). B3 does not cross
      react with B1 or NILE antigenically, but otherwise is synthesized, processed, and
      released in a similar manner.

PMID- 6361222
TI  - The versatility of genioplasty using a broad pedicle.
AB  - The biologic and clinical foundation for using a broad soft-tissue pedicle
      genioplasty technique is described. This technique is versatile and stable and
      produces more predictable soft-tissue changes than previously reported methods of
      altering chin contour with alloplastic implants. The broad pedicle genioplasty
      technique has clear advantages over other techniques for procedures such as
      secondary genioplasty using local anesthesia, concomitant genioplasty and
      anterior subapical osteotomy, simultaneous genioplasty and submental lipectomy,
      and segmentalization of the chin to facilitate narrowing or widening.

PMID- 6361223
TI  - Recreational use of ergoline alkaloids from Argyreia nervosa.

PMID- 6361224
TI  - Peruvian and Chilean psychoactive plants mentioned in Ruiz's Relacion (1777
      1788).

PMID- 6361225
TI  - Charvet and the first psychopharmacological studies on opium: a historical note
      and translation.

PMID- 6361226
TI  - Abnormal sex differentiation.

PMID- 6361227
TI  - Total resistance of the respiratory system in preterm infants with and without an
      endotracheal tube.
AB  - The passive compliance and resistance of the respiratory system were measured in
      12 spontaneously breathing newborn infants before and after endotracheal
      extubation. End-inspiratory airway occlusions were used to relax the respiratory
      muscles, allowing occlusion pressure to be measured and respiratory system
      compliance and resistance to be calculated from the flow volume relationship of
      the subsequent passive expiration. Airway pressure was measured from an
      endotracheal tube or a face mask, expiratory flow from a pneumotachograph, and
      expiratory volume from the integrated flow signal. In six of the infants,
      diaphragmatic electromyography was also performed before and after extubation.
      Resistance and EMG findings were both decreased by extubation (mean decrease
      43.9%, P less than 0.001 and 27.3%, P less than 0.05, respectively), but
      compliance was unchanged. Thus, by substantially increasing resistance, an
      endotracheal tube causes the diaphragm to increase its activity to maintain
      ventilation.

PMID- 6361228
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and antipruritic effects of hydroxyzine in children with atopic
      dermatitis.
AB  - We studied the pharmacokinetics and antipruritic effects of hydroxyzine
      hydrochloride in 12 children, mean age 6.1 +/- 4.6 years, with severe atopic
      dermatitis. After a single 0.7 mg/kg orally administered dose of the drug, the
      mean peak serum hydroxyzine concentration of 47.4 +/- 17.3 ng/ml occurred at a
      mean time of 2.0 +/- 0.9 hours. The mean elimination half-life was 7.1 +/- 2.3
      hours, the mean clearance rate was 32.08 +/- 11.05 ml/min/kg, and the mean
      apparent volume of distribution was 18.5 +/- 8.6 L/kg. The elimination half-life
      increased with increasing age (r = 0.83). Pruritus was significantly suppressed
      from 1 to 24 hours after the administration of the dose, with greater than 85%
      suppression from 2 to 12 hours. The only adverse effect reported was sedation. In
      a subsequent double-blind, crossover, multiple-dose study of 2 weeks' duration,
      hydroxyzine 0.7 mg/kg three times daily was as effective as hydroxyzine 1.4 mg/kg
      three times daily in relieving pruritus and promoting resolution of the skin
      lesions. The 0.7 mg/kg tid dose caused significantly less sedation than the 1.4
      mg/kg tid dose.

PMID- 6361229
TI  - Intravenous acyclovir therapy for varicella in immunocompromised children.

PMID- 6361230
TI  - Relation between in vivo effects and in vitro effects of serine and thiol
      proteinase inhibitors.
AB  - In the present study we investigated the relationship between the in vivo effects
      and the in vitro effects of serine and thiol proteinase inhibitors. Each one of
      the inhibitors, leupeptin, dansyl-L-leucyl-L-argininal (Dan-Leu-Argal),
      pyroglutamyl-L-leucyl-L-argininal (Pyr-Leu-Argal), E-64C or EP-459 was given
      intraperitoneally to mice for 8 consecutive days and various enzymatic activities
      were tested in 6 organs: forelimb muscle, hindlimb muscle, heart, spleen, liver
      and kidney. A multivariate analysis clearly differentiated the effects of
      leupeptin from those of its two analogues (Dan-Leu-Argal and Pyr-Leu-Argal),
      while the two analogues showed close relations with each other as to their in
      vivo effects. E-64C and EP-459 also showed resemblance of in vivo effects between
      them, but the effects of these two agents were clearly differentiated from those
      of leupeptin and its two analogues. This kind of study seems important to assess
      the in vivo effects of physiologically active substances including enzyme
      inhibitors.

PMID- 6361231
TI  - Neurotensin analogs [D-TYR11] and [D-PHE11]neurotensin resist degradation by
      brain peptidases in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - The present study was designed to compare the susceptibility of neurotensin (NT),
      [3H]NT, [D-Tyr11]NT and [D-Phe11]NT to degradation by 1) rat brain synaptic
      membranes in vitro and 2) after i.c.v. administration in the rat in vivo.
      Degradation was assessed by purifying the peptides using reverse phase high
      performance liquid chromatography and by measuring the amount of radioactive or
      absorbing (OD 230) material under each peptide peak. In contrast to NT, [D
      Tyr11]NT and [D-Phe11]NT were resistant to degradation by brain synaptic
      peptidases in vitro. Furthermore, NT was rapidly metabolized in brain tissues
      after i.c.v. administration, whereas [D-Tyr11]NT was metabolically stable. The
      present data confirm the central role of NT residue Tyr11 in the mechanisms of NT
      inactivation by brain synaptic peptidases. They account for the higher in vivo
      potency of [D-Tyr11]NT as compared with its in vitro potency. Finally, they
      explain, at least in part, the need to administer large doses of NT in the brain
      in order to observe neurobehavioral and neuropharmacological effects.

PMID- 6361232
TI  - Intestinal fluid absorption in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - A comparison has been made of intestinal fluid absorption between male Okamoto
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (s.h.r.) and normotensive male Wistar controls.
      S.h.r. show enhanced fluid absorption both in hypertensive adults and in young
      s.h.r. before hypertension has developed. Several potential causes for increased
      fluid transport in s.h.r. were tested using pharmacological antagonists. It is
      unlikely that enhanced fluid absorption is due to high sympathetic nervous
      activity, the renin-angiotensin system or is secondary to hypertension. Intestine
      from s.h.r. have a high short-circuit current indicating a change in ion pump
      activity. These results are discussed in relation to the possible causes of
      increased fluid (ion) transport by the intestine of s.h.r.

PMID- 6361233
TI  - Neuroendocrine responses to stimulation of the vagus nerves in bursts in
      conscious calves.
AB  - Effects of stimulation of the peripheral ends of the vagus nerves below the heart
      at 4 Hz continuously, and at 40 Hz for 1 s at 10 s intervals, have been compared
      in conscious calves below behavioural threshold. Neither pattern of stimulation
      caused any significant change in mean aortic blood pressure or heart rate but
      both invariably produced a substantial increase in the flow of intestinal lymph.
      Each form of stimulation provoked release of glucagon, insulin and pancreatic
      polypeptide from the pancreas and produced a small but significant rise in mean
      arterial plasma glucose concentration. The release of gastric inhibitory peptide-
      and bombesin-like molecules from the gastrointestinal tract was not affected by
      vagal stimulation whereas release of vasoactive intestinal peptide was observed
      in response to both patterns of vagal stimulation. Evidence was obtained to
      suggest that gastrin-like peptides are preferentially released into the
      bloodstream whereas cholecystokinin-like peptides are not. Vagal stimulation
      releases somatostatin from the gastrointestinal tract but discontinuous
      stimulation seems to inhibit the release of somatostatin into the general
      circulation. The results that have been obtained, employing this particular
      protocol, suggest that the pattern of the stimulus that is applied to the vagal
      splanchnic innervation has relatively little effect on neuroendocrine response in
      this species.

PMID- 6361234
TI  - Endocrine responses to exogenous bombesin and gastrin releasing peptide in
      conscious calves.
AB  - The effects of I.V. infusions of synthetic amphibian bombesin and porcine gastrin
      releasing peptide (GRP), at a dose of 5 pmol/kg. min for 30 min, have been
      investigated in conscious calves 3-6 weeks after birth. The protocols produced a
      closely similar rise in the bombesin-like immuno-reactivity of the arterial
      plasma of 208 +/- 14 pmol/l (bombesin) and 210 +/- 32 pmol/l (GRP) which fell
      exponentially with a half-life of about 3 min when the infusions were terminated.
      Neither peptide produced a discernible change in mean heart rate or aortic blood
      pressure, or in the mean arterial plasma concentrations of enteroglucagon,
      gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), gastrin or cholecystokinin (CCK). GRP, but not
      bombesin, produced a small but significant rise in the mean plasma somatostatin
      concentration. Both peptides produced a significant rise in mean plasma
      pancreatic glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide concentration and proved to be
      exceptionally potent insulinotropic agents. These responses were associated with
      a rise in plasma glucose concentration which could not be attributed to a direct
      action of GRP on the liver. The distribution of bombesin-like immunoreactivity in
      the gastrointestinal tract was consistent with the findings of other workers who
      have concluded that it is restricted to nerve terminals. However, our other
      findings show that GRP is capable of acting as a true hormone.

PMID- 6361235
TI  - Effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) on renal function and plasma
      renin activity in the conscious rabbit.
AB  - Conscious rabbits received either vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) at a
      dose of 1, 10 or 25 pmol kg-1 min-1 or vehicle alone (control) through an ear
      vein for 2 h. Experimental design followed a randomized Latin square arrangement.
      VIP led to a decrease in effective renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration
      rate (P less than 0.01) during infusion of the middle and high doses. Mean
      arterial blood pressure rose slightly (P less than 0.05) and filtration fraction
      increased (P less than 0.01) during infusion of the middle dose. The high dose
      produced a rise in heart rate, a fall in plasma sodium, potassium and phosphate
      concentrations and a rise in plasma solids (P less than 0.01). In spite of the
      renal haemodynamic effects and changes in plasma composition during infusion of
      the high dose, fractional excretion of sodium, potassium and chloride doubled (P
      less than 0.05), suggesting a direct action of VIP on renal tubular function.
      Plasma renin activity increased between 2- and 3-fold (P less than 0.01). The
      mechanism of the renin response is uncertain. These results, together with the
      reported presence of VIP-like material in the renal cortex, may indicate a role
      for VIP in the regulation of renal function, including renin release.

PMID- 6361236
TI  - Effect of vasopressin on prostaglandin excretion in conscious dogs.
AB  - A controversy persists around the effect of vasopressin on urinary prostaglandin
      excretion. In an attempt to explain part of this controversy, in the present
      study we re-investigated the effect of vasopressin on urinary prostaglandin
      excretion in conscious dogs after water loading and during hydropenia. In water
      diuresis, during the administration of arginine vasopressin or 1-deamino-8-D
      arginine vasopressin, prostaglandin excretion and urine flow decreased in
      parallel. Prostaglandin E2 excretion fell from 1086 +/- 454 to 353 +/- 122 and
      from 754 +/- 216 to 226 +/- 74 pg min-1 as urine flow decreased by 74 and 66%
      with arginine vasopressin and 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin, respectively.
      In hydropenia both arginine vasopressin and 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin
      increased prostaglandin E2 excretion (from 85 +/- 15 to 261 +/- 82 pg min-1; and
      from 115 +/- 33 to 272 +/- 66 pg min-1, respectively), while urine flow remained
      practically unchanged. The changes in prostaglandin F2 alpha excretion were
      similar to those observed with prostaglandin E2. Plasma renin activity was
      reduced during arginine vasopressin infusion but was unaltered during 1-deamino-8
      D-arginine vasopressin infusion. These results indicate that, in the conscious
      dog, urine flow is a major determinant of prostaglandin excretion but they also
      show that when large changes in urine flow are avoided vasopressin may increase
      urinary prostaglandin excretion.

PMID- 6361237
TI  - [Study of the development of cardiac function by the optical analysis of the
      action potentials].

PMID- 6361238
TI  - Evaluation of dimensional changes in complete dentures processed by injection
      pressing and the pack-and-press technique.

PMID- 6361239
TI  - Voids in a mixed elastomeric impression material.

PMID- 6361240
TI  - Resin-bonded retainers. Part I: Resin bond to electrolytically etched nonprecious
      alloys.
AB  - Nonprecious Ni-Cr casting alloys can be electrolytically etched to yield a highly
      retentive surface for micromechanical bonding of dental resins. The acid, current
      density, and etching time to achieve the retentive features are specific for each
      alloy. Conditions for etching one beryllium-containing and one non-beryllium
      containing alloy are described. The tensile strength of a resin system to these
      alloys has been determined to be over two times the accepted value of the resin
      bond to acid-etched enamel.

PMID- 6361241
TI  - The guide pin technique for paralleling abutment preparations.

PMID- 6361242
TI  - The all-porcelain labial margin for ceramometal restorations: a new concept.

PMID- 6361243
TI  - A screw-connected fixed partial denture.
AB  - This technique provides one solution to the problem of using tilted abutment
      teeth for a fixed partial denture. It provides good retention without excessive
      tooth destruction and without excessive contour in the completed restoration.

PMID- 6361244
TI  - Intraoral radiation carrier for edentulous patients.
AB  - The principles of fabricating an intraoral radioactive carrier have been
      described to treat malignant diseases of the oral cavity. The prosthesis provides
      consistent direction and fixation of the radioactive source into the same
      location.

PMID- 6361245
TI  - Fabrication of provisional acrylic resin restorations.
AB  - A technique for transitional restoration fabrication has been described. It
      permits modifications of existing axial and occlusal tooth contours to be
      accurately reproduced in transitional restorations.

PMID- 6361246
TI  - Framework design for overlay removable partial dentures.

PMID- 6361248
TI  - Effects of preparation relief and flow channels on seating full coverage castings
      during cementation.

PMID- 6361247
TI  - Salvaging a crown die with insufficient occlusal reduction.

PMID- 6361250
TI  - Successful pregnancy in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, renal
      transplantation and chronic renal failure. A case report.
AB  - Systemic lupus erythematosus with renal involvement is associated with excessive
      pregnancy wastage as well as substantial maternal risk. The same may be said of
      borderline renal function after renal transplantation. We treated a patient who
      had both problems and who carried a pregnancy to term successfully.

PMID- 6361249
TI  - Early intervention for alcohol problems.
AB  - Despite awareness of the wide variety of clinical and laboratory abnormalities
      associated with alcohol abuse, drinking problems often remain undetected in
      clinical practice. There is increasing evidence that problem drinking can be
      successfully treated by brief intervention. The general practitioner is in a good
      position to identify patients who drink excessively, and to intervene with brief
      counselling at an early stage when prognosis is more favourable. A practical
      strategy is described for diagnosis and intervention that could be readily
      implemented in clinical practice.

PMID- 6361251
TI  - Effects of antibiotic prophylaxis on women undergoing nonelective cesarean
      section in a community hospital.
AB  - A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was done of a short course
      of cefamandole administered intravenously after cord clamping as prophylaxis in
      women undergoing primary nonelective cesarean section in a community hospital.
      Duration of labor equal to or more than 14 hours was the only significant risk
      factor between patients who had postoperative infectious morbidity and those who
      had none. Four of 43 patients (9.3%) who received cefamandole, as opposed to 13
      of 47 (27.7%) who received the placebo, developed infections (p less than 0.05).
      This difference was reflected totally in the difference in endomyometritis
      development between the groups. The use of intraoperative culturing predicted
      infection in 4 of 13 patients in the placebo group who developed infections
      postoperatively. No adverse side effects were noted, and there were no cases of
      delayed serious infection.

PMID- 6361252
TI  - New concepts and questions in gestational trophoblastic disease.
AB  - Hydatidiform moles can be divided into two distinct syndromes: partial, or
      transitional, and classic. Both classic and partial moles appear to result from
      abnormal fertilization but differ in the type of abnormal fertilization,
      karyotype, histology, epidemiology and malignant potential. Using chromosomal
      banding polymorphism, classic hydatidiform moles have been shown to be
      androgenetic in origin, developing from a sperm with the egg nucleus either
      absent or inactivated. No maternal chromosomes are transmitted to the classic
      mole. Studies using HLA and enzyme heterozygosity have suggested that
      fertilization occurs by a haploid sperm with duplication of its chromosomes and
      without cell division, giving the 46XX karyotype found in classic moles. About 4%
      of classic moles are 46XY and are also androgenetic but result from dispermic
      fertilization. The partial mole consists of hydropic villi, but some normal villi
      also are present. An embryo, cord and fetal membranes generally can also be
      found, and the karyotype frequently is aneuploid (usually triploid) and not the
      46XX or 46XY of the classic mole. In contrast to the classic mole, the partial
      mole has a maternal chromosomal contribution. Preliminary data suggest that many
      partial moles arise from dispermic fertilization, with participation of the
      maternal genome giving a triploid karyotype. The malignant potential of the
      partial mole is still controversial, but preliminary data indicate that 2.1% of
      partial moles require treatment as compared to 10% of classic moles.

PMID- 6361254
TI  - Splenomegaly and immune complex splenitis in rabbits with experimentally induced
      chronic serum sickness: immunopathological findings.
AB  - This study describes the morphological and immunocytochemical aspects of the
      spleen in rabbits with experimentally induced chronic serum sickness. Thirty
      seven rabbits were immunized with daily injections of bovine serum albumin (BSA)
      and six served as non-immunized controls. The most significant lesions were found
      in rabbits with chronic serum sickness induced by high doses of BSA. The spleens
      were increased in size and in weight. Granular deposits of BSA, rabbit IgG and
      C3, presumably immune complexes (IC), were found in the basement membranes of the
      venous sinuses and of the capillaries in the marginal zone, in the walls of
      splenic arterioles and, occasionally, between the macrophages in the splenic
      cords and lymphoid cells in lymphatic follicles. An increased number of
      degranulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes, macrophages and giant cells,
      degenerative changes of dendritic cells and, in some instances, splenic fibrosis
      were also seen. These splenic lesions developed when the concentration of BSA
      antibodies in the sera decreased. The spleens of rabbits receiving high doses of
      BSA in a stage between acute and chronic serum sickness were also increased in
      size and in weight. The red pulp was enlarged, and immune deposits were observed
      within macrophages but not in splenic structures. The spleens of non-responder
      rabbits had a slight decrease in number of lymphatic follicles and germinal
      centers only. The spleens of non-immunized rabbits were consistently normal. The
      results indicate that in rabbits receiving multiple injections of high doses of
      BSA, chronic serum sickness is associated with splenomegaly and IC-splenitis and
      that these lesions occur when the level of circulating BSA antibody declines. IC
      splenitis could impair the clearance of IC and influence the immune function of
      the spleen. These findings could have implications in the pathogenesis of
      splenomegaly and of defective splenic function in human IC-mediated diseases.

PMID- 6361253
TI  - Immunocytochemical demonstration of rabbit ribonuclease and phospholipase A2 by
      the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique in professional phagocytes (pulmonary
      alveolar macrophages and granulocytic and mononuclear peritoneal exudate cells)
      and in glycol methacrylate sections of dermal tuberculous (BCG) lesions.
AB  - Acid-acting (pH 6-7) (presumably lysosomal) ribonuclease and neutral-acting (pH 7
      8) calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 (presumably the enzyme releasing
      arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids) were demonstrated by the peroxidase
      antiperoxidase (PAP) immunocytochemical technique in rabbit professional
      phagocytes: pulmonary alveolar macrophages (AM), oil-induced peritoneal exudate
      macrophages (M phi) and glycogen-induced peritoneal exudate polymorphonuclear
      granulocytes (PMN). All three cell types stained positively with antisera to
      purified rabbit lung RNase and purified rabbit granulocyte phospholipase A2. The
      RNase and phospholipase A2 were also demonstrated by the PAP technique in the
      activated macrophages and granulocytes present in tissue sections of tuberculous
      (BCG) lesions. The intensity of staining of these two enzymes in individual
      macrophages did not change appreciably as the BCG lesions developed and
      regressed, but there were more macrophages rich in both enzymes when the lesions
      reached their peak size at 21 days. When the anti-RNase serum was fractionated by
      immunoabsorbent chromatography, the anti-delta RNase serum fraction stained
      exudate M phi and PMN better than AM; and the anti-beta RNase fraction stained AM
      better than M phi and PMN. Similar to isolated phagocytes, tissue granulocytes
      stained best with the anti-delta fraction; and activated tissue macrophages
      stained best with the anti-beta fraction. Thus, macrophages and granulocytes
      contain two types of RNase, beta and delta; and the beta RNase is associated with
      macrophage activation.

PMID- 6361255
TI  - The effect of pre-dosing Homeria pallida Bak. to cattle to prevent tulp
      poisoning.
AB  - Newly weaned calves with no previous exposure to Homeria pallida were dosed with
      H. pallida material prepared as a broth, a suspension of charred leaves of leaves
      chopped into small shreds. Three hours later they were put into a camp where H.
      pallida constituted 50% of the grazing. Equal numbers of animals in each of the
      treated groups and in the untreated group subsequently developed H. pallida
      poisoning. By about the 4th day, both the treated and untreated animals appeared
      to have adapted to H. pallida and to avoid it while grazing.

PMID- 6361256
TI  - Receptor binding sites of hypoglycemic sulfonylureas and related
      [(acylamino)alkyl]benzoic acids.
AB  - The blood glucose level lowering activity of [(acylamino)ethyl]benzoic acids,
      such as p-[2-(5-chloro-2-methoxy-benzamido)ethyl]benzoic acid (HB699, 2), is
      discussed in terms of binding at putative insulin-releasing receptor sites of
      pancreatic beta cells. The hypoglycemic potencies found for synthetic analogues
      of 2 indicate that high hypoglycemic activity is only found when a carboxyl group
      or a group that is readily oxidized to carboxyl in vivo, such as methyl, is
      attached to the aromatic ring of the phenethyl group. It is proposed that this
      carboxyl group is able to bind at the same receptor site as the SO2NHCONH group
      of the sulfonylurea drugs, such as tolbutamide (3). The role of the benzamide
      group in 2 was attributed to protein binding.

PMID- 6361257
TI  - 2-Acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazones. 8. Derivatives of 1-acetylisoquinoline as
      potential antimalarial agents.
AB  - A series of 1-acetylisoquinoline thiosemicarbazones was prepared in order to
      evaluate their antimalarial properties. This was achieved by the reaction of 1
      acetylisoquinoline with methyl hydrazinecarbodithioate to give methyl 3-[1-(1
      isoquinolinyl)ethylidene]hydrazinecarbodithioate (II). Displacement of the S
      methyl group from this intermediate by various primary and secondary amines
      afforded the desired 1-acetylisoquinoline thiosemicarbazones (III).
      Thiosemicarbazides in which the azomethine moiety of the latter was reduced could
      be prepared by the reaction of II with NaBH4 to give methyl 3-[1-(1
      isoquinolinyl)ethyl]hydrazinecarbodithioate (VIII). Reaction of VII with the
      appropriate amine gave 1-[1-(1-isoquinolinyl)ethyl]thiosemicarbazides (IX).
      Evaluation of the antimalarial activity of series III and IX in mice infected
      with Plasmodium berghei indicated that cures were attainable at dose levels of 40
      160 mg/kg.

PMID- 6361258
TI  - 2-Acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazones. 9. Derivatives of 2-acetylpyridine 1-oxide
      as potential antimalarial agents.
AB  - In view of the antimalarial activity in mice of 2-acetylpyridine
      thiosemicarbazones, a series of analogous 1-oxides was prepared for evaluation.
      Their synthesis was achieved by the reaction of 2-acetylpyridine 1-oxide with
      methyl hydrazinecarbodithioate to give methyl 3-[1-(2-pyridinyl 1
      oxide)ethylidene]hydrazinecarbodithioate (II). Reaction of the latter
      intermediate with secondary amines afforded the desired 2-acetylpyridine 1-oxide
      thiosemicarbazones (III). Reduction of the azomethine linkage of II with NaBH4
      gave methyl 3-[1-(2-pyridinyl 1-oxide)ethyl]-hydrazinecarbodithioate (IV) whose S
      methyl group was then displaced by amines to give a 1-[1-(2-pyridinyl 1
      oxide)ethyl]thiosemicarbazide, V. Antimalarial activity of III was evaluated
      against both Plasmodium berghei in the mouse and Plasmodium falciparum in an
      automated in vitro test system. In both cases, 2-acetylpyridine 1-oxide
      thiosemicarbazones were found to be less active than the corresponding de-1-oxide
      analogues. When compounds V were evaluated against Plasmodium berghei in the
      mouse, a diminution of activity was similarly seen in comparison to the analogues
      not bearing the 1-oxide moiety.

PMID- 6361259
TI  - A simple technique for obtaining prometaphase chromosomes from lymphocytes.

PMID- 6361260
TI  - Net patient revenue at university-owned teaching hospitals, 1981.

PMID- 6361261
TI  - Nonpenetrating cardiac trauma.

PMID- 6361262
TI  - Medical philately. Milestones in modern medicine.

PMID- 6361263
TI  - Sampling problems in an heterogeneous organ: quantitation of relative and total
      volume of pancreatic islets by light microscopy.
AB  - In stereological studies analysis of sampling variances is used for optimizing
      the sampling design. In organs with a heterogeneous distribution of the phase of
      interest the analysis of sampling variances can be undertaken only if the
      observed variance between sections is distributed into the fraction which is due
      to random variation and the fraction which is due to the heterogeneity. In the
      present example (pancreatic islet volume estimated by light microscopic point
      counting) the density of islets showed a linear increase along the axis of the
      organ. By analysis of sampling variances it was calculated that the most
      efficient number of sections (cut perpendicular to the organ) was considerably
      lower when the isolated contribution from the random variation was considered.
      The total islet volume was obtained by the product of the fractional islet volume
      and the pancreatic weight. Analysis of sampling variances of the total islet
      volume was performed by including the variance contribution from the individual
      pancreatic weights to the variance of the group mean total islet volume. Due to a
      negative correlation between the fractional volume and organ weight the total
      islet volume in the group of animals was more precisely estimated than the
      fractional islet volume. The methods used for dealing with the heterogeneity of
      the organ and for estimating sampling variances of total structural quantities
      generalize to a large number of stereological studies in biology.

PMID- 6361264
TI  - A new, less toxic polymerization system for the embedding of soft tissues in
      glycol methacrylate and subsequent preparing of serial sections.
AB  - The paper describes a new polymerization system for embedding soft tissues in
      glycol methacrylate (GMA). The polymerization of GMA is initiated by means of a
      barbituric acid derivative in combination with chloride ions and dibenzoyl
      peroxide. The catalyst system contains no aromatic amines which constitutes a
      toxicological advantage over the commonly employed system of peroxide/aromatic
      amine. Clear blocks are obtained from which 1-2 micrometers sections are easy to
      cut. In combination with an appropriate softener, polyethylene glycol 400, serial
      sectioning may be practiced.

PMID- 6361265
TI  - The measurement of lung water content.
AB  - It is clear that lung water content or things related to lung water content can
      be measured. The major question is whether useful information will be obtained to
      make development worthwhile. In my experimental laboratory we have used, then
      abandoned, the measurement of lung water content in life by various techniques.
      We have special needs, of course, for very sensitive methods which will detect
      minimal injury and very small changes in lung water content. In the clinic,
      however, this may not be so serious a limitation, although one is always
      endeavoring to achieve diagnosis of minimal injury and minimal edema. Although
      static methods for  measuring lung water content are available in profusion, none
      has been proven to be more useful than the chest roentgenogram. Kinetic methods
      are being developed which have the potential of being sensitive to minimal lung
      injury, such as leads to edema.

PMID- 6361266
TI  - Specific attachment of nuclear-mitotic apparatus protein to metaphase chromosomes
      and mitotic spindle poles: possible function in nuclear reassembly.
AB  - NuMA protein is the largest, abundant, primate-specific chromosomal protein. The
      protein was purified from HeLa cells and monospecific monoclonal antibodies were
      prepared that react exclusively with NuMA protein in immunoblot analysis. These
      antibodies were used to define the intracellular location and properties of NuMA
      protein. Using indirect immunofluorescence, NuMA protein was detected only in the
      nucleus of interphase cells and on the chromosomes in mitotic cells. One class of
      monoclonal antibody called the 2E4-type antibody, caused NuMA protein (or a
      complex of proteins including NuMA) to be released from its binding site on
      metaphase or anaphase chromosomes. The separation of NuMA protein from
      chromosomes was observed either with the immunofluorescence assay or in
      electrophoretic analyses of proteins released from isolated metaphase chromosomes
      after reaction with 2E4 antibody. The immunofluorescence studies also showed that
      after release of the NuMA protein from chromosomes of metaphase or anaphase
      cells, the protein bound specifically to the polar region of the mitotic spindle.
      It was shown that exogenously added NuMA antigen/antibody complex bound only to
      the mitotic spindle poles of permeabilized primate cells and not to the spindle
      poles of other mammalian cells, thus demonstrating the specificity of the spindle
      pole interaction. The antibody mediated transfer of NuMA from chromosomes to
      poles was blocked when the chromosomes were treated with cross-linking fixatives.
      Results suggest that the NuMA protein has specific attachment sites on both
      metaphase chromosomes and mitotic spindle poles (the site where post-mitotic
      nuclear assembly occurs). A model is proposed suggesting that a protein having
      such dual binding sites could function during nuclear reassembly to link mitotic
      chromosomes into the reforming nucleus.

PMID- 6361267
TI  - Homologous proteins encoded by yeast mitochondrial introns and by a group of RNA
      viruses from plants.
AB  - Hensgens et al. (1983a) have demonstrated the existence of distant homology
      (averaging 19.6%) between the central sections of seven proteins encoded by
      introns (and one product of an apparently independent gene) in yeast
      mitochondrial DNA. The homologous regions are typically segments of about 115
      amino acids within open reading frames of about 10(3) bases. Genetic studies
      indicate that at least two of these proteins are required for the splicing of
      mitochondrial transcripts. This paper reports that two distantly related proteins
      of Mr 30,000 that are encoded by different strains of tobacco mosaic virus both
      contain central sections whose amino acid sequences are 15% to 23% identical in a
      single alignment to those of one group of four intron-encoded proteins, and
      possess certain groups of conserved residues also characteristic of the
      mitochondrial proteins. Genetic studies implicate these proteins in the spreading
      of viral lesions. While this level of identity cannot establish conclusively that
      the proteins are related, it suggests the possibility of a functional and/or
      evolutionary connection that would, if borne out, have important implications.

PMID- 6361268
TI  - Altered myocardial response to ouabain in diabetic rats: mechanics and
      electrophysiology.
AB  - Diabetes induced by streptozotocin in rats is associated with changes in the
      mechanical function of isolated ventricular papillary muscle. Relaxation is
      slowed and shortening velocity is depressed. The effects of ouabain (10(-7) to 2
      x 10(-4)M) and changes in extracellular calcium ([Ca2+]0 = 0.6 to 12 mM) on the
      mechanical and electrical properties of normal and diabetic papillary muscles
      were studied. High doses of ouabain caused a rise in resting tension and a fall
      in developed tension in both diabetic and control muscles. However, these changes
      were strikingly greater in diabetic muscles which developed partial contractures
      at 10(-4)M. The altered response to ouabain was observed in chronically (5 to 7
      weeks or 3 months) but not acutely (less than 1 week) diabetic animals.
      Similarly, the response to ouabain was restored to normal after chronic (5 weeks)
      therapy with insulin but not after acute (4 days) therapy. In both normal and
      diabetic muscles, the mechanical effects of increasing [Ca2+]0 from 2.4 to 12.0
      mM were qualitatively similar to those seen with ouabain at 10(-5) to 10(-4)M.
      Electrophysiologic studies showed that under control conditions action potentials
      of diabetic muscles were significantly longer than those of normal muscles.
      Treatment with progressively higher concentrations of ouabain (10(-7) to 10(-4)M)
      and [Ca2+]0 (2.4 to 12.0 mM) caused shortening of both normal and diabetic action
      potentials, but the effects of these interventions were much greater in the
      diabetics. These results suggest that the response of diabetic muscles to ouabain
      is markedly different from normal and that this altered response may be due to
      impaired regulation of intracellular Ca2+ levels in diabetic myocardium.

PMID- 6361269
TI  - tRNA-rRNA sequence homologies: evidence for a common evolutionary origin?
AB  - Many tRNAs of E. coli and yeast contain stretches whose base sequences are
      similar to those found in their respective rRNAs. The matches are too frequent
      and extensive to be attributed to coincidence. They are distributed without
      discernible pattern along and among the RNAs and between the two species. They
      occur in loops as well as in stems, among both conserved and non-conserved
      regions. Their distributions suggest that they reflect common ancestral origins
      rather than common functions, and that they represent true homologies.

PMID- 6361270
TI  - Experimental evolution of a novel pathway for glycerol dissimilation in
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Wild-type Escherichia coli utilizes glycerol aerobically through an inducible
      pathway mediated by an ATP-dependent kinase and a glycerol 3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase which is a flavoprotein. A mutant, strain ECL424, employing a novel
      pathway for glycerol utilization was isolated. The novel pathway is mediated by
      an NAD-linked dehydrogenase and a dihydroxyacetone specific enzyme II of the
      phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system. This study describes the selection
      from strain ECL424, a derivative which grows more rapidly on glycerol. The
      derivative, strain ECL428, produces twice the parental levels of both the
      dehydrogenase and the enzyme II during growth on glycerol. The function of the
      dehydrogenase in wild-type cells is unknown, although hydroxyacetone (acetol), 3
      hydroxy-2-butanone (acetoin), and 1-amino-2-propanone are gratuitous inducers.
      The induction can be prevented by glucose whose effect can be cancelled by
      external cyclic AMP. The effects of hydroxyacetone, glucose, and cyclic AMP are
      attenuated in the two mutants in which the dehydrogenase is produced at high
      basal levels. The dihydroxyacetone specific enzyme II is inducible by the
      substrate in both wild-type and mutant strains and serves for growth on the
      triose.

PMID- 6361272
TI  - Prevention began early: Charles Edwin Bentley, DDS 1859-1929.

PMID- 6361271
TI  - The protein burden of lac operon products.
AB  - A new approach to measuring the slowing of growth due to the manufacture of
      proteins not needed by a bacterium is presented. An entire single colony of
      Escherichia coli was used to start a chemostat culture that was then given a
      selective pressure by the addition of phenylgalactoside (phi-gal). This enriched
      the population for constitutive mutants that produced beta-galactosidase without
      induction and could split phi-gal, consume the galactose, and grow faster. When
      the phi-gal was removed, the constitutives grew slower than the parental strain
      and were gradually lost. This procedure allows competition experiments to be
      carried out with minimum effects due to genetic drift. Experiments with both
      strains having wild-type and mutant permease genes were conducted. With the
      former the selective disadvantage was initially much greater than expected from
      the simplest hypothesis that extra unused proteins would slow growth in
      proportion to their fraction of the total protein synthesis. This phase was
      followed by a second phase where the selective disadvantage was smaller than
      predicted by this simple hypothesis. With a very slowly reverting permease
      negative strain the selective disadvantage, and therefore the protein burden, was
      found to be much smaller and not statistically different from zero. Thus, while
      one would expect under carbon and energy limitation in the chemostat the protein
      burden to be larger than under unlimited conditions, it is so small that even the
      refined technique used here could not measure it accurately. It is certainly less
      than the fraction of 'waste' protein synthesis; but it could be between zero and
      the fraction of the cells' energy and carbon budget spent on manufacture of the
      proteins of the lac operon.

PMID- 6361273
TI  - Mutagenicity studies on herring gulls from different locations on the Great
      Lakes. II. Mutagenic evaluation of extracts of herring-gull eggs in a battery of
      in vitro mammalian and microbial tests.
AB  - Herring-gull (Larus argentatus) eggs were collected from five locations on the
      Great Lakes and from one colony on the Atlantic coast for organochlorine analysis
      and mutagenesis testing. The Great Lakes colonies were chosen for their different
      contaminant levels, while the Atlantic coast colony was used as a relatively
      clean control. The eggs were homogenized and extracted, and the extracts were
      tested in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay for induction of point
      mutations and in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells for the induction of sister
      chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and chromosome aberrations. None of the extracts was
      mutagenic in Salmonella, either in the presence or absence of metabolic
      activation. However, all of the extracts, including the clean control, caused
      significant increases in both the SCE rate and in the number of chromosome
      aberrations in the CHO cells. There was no apparent relationship between
      contaminant levels and the magnitude of these responses or the doses at which
      they occurred, although the chemical analysis indicated a wide range in the
      concentrations of the different organochlorides present.

PMID- 6361274
TI  - Expanded microporous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts in contaminated
      wounds: experimental and clinical study.
AB  - Autogenous vein graft is regarded as an ideal arterial substitute for its long
      term patency and relative resistance to infection. A clinical instance of life
      threatening hemorrhage from an infected disrupted vein graft stimulated a study
      in dogs, comparing vein and PTFE graft performance in wounds contaminated with S.
      aureus and E. coli cultured from the patient's wound. Infective disruption of
      vein wall occurred in three of ten animals resulting in exsanguination and death.
      Host artery disruption at PTFE suture line occurred in one of ten animals.
      Thrombosis of graft and host artery in this animal precluded hemorrhage and
      death. This led to favorable clinical experiences with PTFE grafts in
      contaminated wounds of 22 trauma patients. It is concluded that PTFE is better
      assurance against disruption and hemorrhage than vein graft in contaminated,
      potentially infected sites. PTFE may be used preferentially as a vascular
      substitute in trauma patients provided that all traditional surgical safeguards
      and principles are followed.

PMID- 6361275
TI  - Interaction of lysosomes with endocytic vacuoles in macrophages simultaneously
      infected with Trypanosoma cruzi and Toxoplasma gondii.
AB  - Macrophages with lysosomes previously labelled with acridine orange or
      horseradish peroxidase were simultaneously incubated in the presence of
      epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi and tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii. Light
      microscopic observations indicate that although a large number of macrophages
      were infected by the parasites very few contained both parasites. Fusion of the
      macrophage's lysosomes with vacuoles containing T. cruzi were seen both by
      fluorescence (acridine orange) and electron (horseradish peroxidase) microscopy.
      No fusion of lysosomes was seen with vacuoles containing T. gondii. These results
      were observed in macrophages infected by only one or by the two parasites
      simultaneously.

PMID- 6361276
TI  - Ultrastructural modifications during the metabolism of metronidazole by
      Trypanosoma cruzi.
AB  - Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes incubated in the presence of [14C] metronidazole
      are capable of a rapid uptake of the drug as shown by timecourse experiments and
      by autoradiography of the cells. The drug is metabolized to a more polar compound
      which has the chromatographic behavior of 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-1-yl-acetic
      acid. Mass spectral analysis of the metabolite shows diagnostic mass values (185,
      184, 126) which are compatible with the 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-1-yl-acetic
      acid derivative. Flavone dramatically increases the production of the metabolite
      both in control and cells pretreated with phenobarbital. The cells show the
      presence of vesicles whose number is not significantly increased by
      phenobarbital. Metronidazole, on the other hand, significantly increases the
      number of vesicles in both control and cells grown in phenobarbital. The vesicles
      do not contain acid phosphatase and/or polyphosphates. It is concluded that the
      vesicles may correspond to a marked proliferation of the endoplasmic reticulum. A
      secondary effect of flavone is the proliferation of the mitochondrial membranes.

PMID- 6361278
TI  - O antigen-dependent mutant of bacteriophage T5.
AB  - A T5 mutant is described which showed normal infection of Escherichia coli F but
      virtually no infection of cells lacking the E. coli F O antigen. This was due to
      very poor adsorption to the O antigen-deficient cells. Inactivation kinetics with
      anti-T5 serum and adsorption and desorption kinetics to receptor-deficient E.
      coli F cells suggested that the mutation did not affect the L-shaped tail fibers
      which mediate binding to the O antigen. Proof was obtained from genetic data; the
      structural gene for the L-shaped tail fibers mapped at a different position on
      the T5 chromosome than did the mutated gene. Since binding of the T5 mutant to
      the FhuA receptor protein was strongly inhibited by ferrichrome and since the
      mutation could not be crossed into phage BF23, we conclude that the mutation
      affects the receptor binding protein of the T5 tail.

PMID- 6361277
TI  - Analysis of adenovirus transforming proteins from early regions 1A and 1B with
      antisera to inducible fusion antigens produced in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Plasmid vectors were constructed which expressed three adenovirus tumor antigens
      fused to a portion of the trpE protein of Escherichia coli. Insertion of
      adenovirus type 2 DNA from early region 1A (E1A) into such a plasmid led to a
      fusion protein which contained the C-terminal 266 amino acids of the 289-amino
      acid protein encoded by the viral 13S mRNA. Similarly, insertion of adenovirus
      type 5 DNA corresponding to the E1B 55- and 21-kilodalton proteins led to
      production of fusion proteins containing amino acid sequences from these
      proteins. After induction with indoleacrylic acid, fusion proteins accumulated
      stably in the E. coli cells. By using a simple extraction of insoluble protein, 1
      to 10 mg of fusion protein per liter of culture was obtained. The fusion proteins
      were purified on preparative polyacrylamide gels and used to immunize rabbits.
      Specific antisera for the E1A 289- and closely related 243-amino acid proteins
      and the E1B 55- and 21-kilodalton proteins were obtained. These sera were used to
      immunoprecipitate the tumor antigens in cells infected with wild-type and various
      mutants of adenovirus or to analyze them by an immunoblotting procedure. Mutant
      E1A proteins in which the C-terminal 70 amino acids are deleted were
      phosphorylated to much lower extents than the wild-type E1A proteins. This
      indicates that the deleted region is important for the process of
      phosphorylation. The E1A proteins were extracted, sedimented in glycerol
      gradients, analyzed by immunoprecipitation, and found to sediment primarily as
      monomers.

PMID- 6361279
TI  - Requirement for a fluid host cell membrane in injection of coliphage T5 DNA.
AB  - Injection of T5 first-step-transfer DNA was prevented at 29 degrees C, after
      adsorption to an unsaturated fatty acid mutant grown on elaidate (phase
      transition at 35 degrees C). Local anesthetics, which increase membrane fluidity,
      did not inhibit injection above transition temperature and could even reverse the
      inhibition observed at 29 degrees C on elaidate cells.

PMID- 6361280
TI  - Malignant urachal lesions.
AB  - Urachal cancers are uncommon malignancies with a location that often permits
      considerable local extension before they are discovered. The most common
      histological type is adenocarcinoma, which may produce mucus that is a valuable
      aid in diagnosis. The presence of stippled calcification in a midline abdominal
      wall mass is almost pathognomonic for urachal carcinoma. More commonly, however,
      the symptoms are less specific, such as hematuria and an abdominal mass. Many
      lesions are visible endoscopically and, thus, the diagnosis can be made
      preoperatively from a biopsy. Most treatment failures occur because the tumor is
      not controlled locally by the initial operation and, therefore, we recommend en
      bloc cystectomy with umbilectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy unless the tumor is
      known to be a sarcoma or early stage (I) carcinoma. If these patients are
      undertreated and there is a local recurrence then the patient usually is not
      salvageable. Because of the difficulty in identifying the origin of a bladder
      adenocarcinoma, any tumor on the dome or anterior wall should be approached
      initially as if it were a urachal tumor.

PMID- 6361281
TI  - Benign prostatic epithelial polyp of the urethra.
AB  - Acquired polyps of the male urethra often present with hematuria and sometimes
      hemospermia. The histogenesis of these tumors has been debated. We report a case
      of a prostatic urethral polyp that proved to be of prostatic epithelial
      differentiation, as demonstrated by immunohistochemical identification of
      prostatic acid phosphatase and prostatic specific antigen within the tumor cells.

PMID- 6361282
TI  - Plasmapheresis--adjunctive treatment for steroid-resistant rejection in renal
      transplantation.
AB  - Plasmapheresis was used to treat steroid-resistant rejection in 32 of 154
      patients (21.1 per cent) receiving renal allografts during a 3 1/2-year interval.
      The 2-year actuarial patient and allograft survival rates for the 32 patients
      were 93.3 plus or minus 5 and 56.9 plus or minus 9 per cent, respectively. Mean
      patient followup was 18.8 months. No immunologic rebound was noted in any of the
      19 patients who responded initially to plasma exchange. Although 14 of these 19
      patients had peak creatinine levels of 4 to 14.5 mg. per cent during the
      rejection reactions significant and sustained improvement in renal function was
      noted. This was not a controlled trial but the results are sufficiently
      encouraging to warrant continued evaluation of plasmapheresis as a therapeutic
      adjuvant in the treatment of humoral or steroid-resistant rejection.

PMID- 6361283
TI  - Second cadaver kidney transplants: improved graft survival in secondary kidney
      transplants using cyclosporin A.
AB  - A total of 42 patients who had failed prior renal transplantation underwent
      repeat cadaveric transplantation using cyclosporin A and low dose steroid
      immunosuppression. Patient survival at 1 year was 100 per cent. Over-all graft
      survival was 83 per cent at 1 year, which was significantly better than had been
      obtainable previously in this high risk group. Repeat cadaver transplantation
      with cyclosporin A is safe and offers those who have failed previous
      transplantation an opportunity for existence free of dialysis.

PMID- 6361284
TI  - Prevention of recurrent superficial bladder tumors by oral etretinate:
      preliminary results of a randomized, double blind multicenter trial in
      Switzerland.
AB  - Retinoids influence the proliferation and differentiation of epithelial tissues.
      Preliminary results of a double-blind randomized trial in the prevention of
      recurrent superficial bladder tumors are promising. Patients treated with an oral
      etretinate tend to have less tumor recurrences and transurethral resections. The
      number of multifocal recurrences after 12 months of treatment is significantly
      lower (p less than 0.02). There also are less dropouts owing to inefficacy of
      treatment (p less than 0.036).

PMID- 6361285
TI  - Chymopapain injection--an often fruitless endeavor?

PMID- 6361286
TI  - East-West efforts key into leprosy research.

PMID- 6361287
TI  - Efficacy of methylprednisolone in acute spinal cord injury.
AB  - A multicenter double-blind randomized trial was conducted to examine the efficacy
      of a high dose of methylprednisolone (1,000-mg bolus and daily thereafter for ten
      days) compared with a standard dose (100-mg bolus and daily thereafter for ten
      days) in 330 patients with acute spinal cord injury. No difference in
      neurological recovery of motor function or pinprick and light touch sensation was
      observed between the two treatment groups six weeks and six months after injury.
      The lack of a treatment effect was independent of the severity of the initial
      lesion or the time from injury to starting treatment. Although not statistically
      significant, early case fatality was greater in the high-dose protocol (relative
      risk of 3.1 and 1.9, less than or equal to 14 and 15 to 28 days after injury,
      respectively) but not from 29 to 210 days after injury. Wound infections of both
      trauma and operative sites were more prevalent in the high-dose regimen (relative
      risk of 3.6).

PMID- 6361288
TI  - Improved diagnosis of unilateral renal artery lesions after captopril
      administration.
AB  - Captopril was administered (1 mg/kg of body weight) to 37 unselected hypertensive
      patients undergoing bilateral renal vein catheterization to determine its safety
      and efficacy in diagnosing hypertension related to unilateral renal artery
      lesions. In the 18 patients who had a unilateral renal artery lesion demonstrated
      by angiography, the ratio of plasma renin activity of the involved to uninvolved
      renal vein rose significantly after administration of captopril, whether or not
      patients were taking antihypertensive medication. This postcaptopril ratio
      differentiated cases of unilateral lesions from cases of bilateral lesions or
      absence of lesions without any overlap. The test was well tolerated despite
      occasional large drops in blood pressure. These data show that converting enzyme
      inhibition increases the diagnostic accuracy of renal vein catheterization by
      increasing the difference between the amount of plasma renin secreted by the two
      kidneys in cases of unilateral renal artery lesions.

PMID- 6361289
TI  - Josiah Bartlett.

PMID- 6361290
TI  - Landmark article Oct 15, 1932. Regional ileitis. A pathological and clinical
      entity. By Burril B. Crohn, Leon Ginzburg, and Gordon D. Oppenheimer.

PMID- 6361291
TI  - Landmark perspective. Crohn's disease.

PMID- 6361292
TI  - Silicosis epidemic reported in 1900.

PMID- 6361293
TI  - Medical education: the decade of massive change.

PMID- 6361294
TI  - Oliver Wolcott.

PMID- 6361295
TI  - Landmark article Oct 28, 1933. Successful removal of an entire lung for carcinoma
      of the bronchus. By Evarts A. Graham and J. J. Singer.
AB  - The left lung and many of the tracheobronchial mediastinal glands were removed in
      a one stage operation because of a carcinoma that originated in the bronchus of
      the upper lobe but which was so close to the bronchus of the lower lobe that, in
      order to remove it completely, it was necessary to remove the entire lung. This
      is apparently the first case in which an entire lung has been removed
      successfully at one stage. 600 South Kingshighway.

PMID- 6361296
TI  - Landmark perspective: Evarts A. Graham and the first pneumonectomy.

PMID- 6361297
TI  - JAMA reference directories.

PMID- 6361298
TI  - Captopril pericarditis.

PMID- 6361299
TI  - The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial results. I.
      Reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease.
AB  - The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (LRC-CPPT), a
      multicenter, randomized, double-blind study, tested the efficacy of cholesterol
      lowering in reducing risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in 3,806 asymptomatic
      middle-aged men with primary hypercholesterolemia (type II hyperlipoproteinemia).
      The treatment group received the bile acid sequestrant cholestyramine resin and
      the control group received a placebo for an average of 7.4 years. Both groups
      followed a moderate cholesterol-lowering diet. The cholestyramine group
      experienced average plasma total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)
      reductions of 13.4% and 20.3%, respectively, which were 8.5% and 12.6% greater
      reductions than those obtained in the placebo group. The cholestyramine group
      experienced a 19% reduction in risk (p less than .05) of the primary end point-
      definite CHD death and/or definite nonfatal myocardial infarction--reflecting a
      24% reduction in definite CHD death and a 19% reduction in nonfatal myocardial
      infarction. The cumulative seven-year incidence of the primary end point was 7%
      in the cholestyramine group v 8.6% in the placebo group. In addition, the
      incidence rates for new positive exercise tests, angina, and coronary bypass
      surgery were reduced by 25%, 20%, and 21%, respectively, in the cholestyramine
      group. The risk of death from all causes was only slightly and not significantly
      reduced in the cholestyramine group. The magnitude of this decrease (7%) was less
      than for CHD end points because of a greater number of violent and accidental
      deaths in the cholestyramine group. The LRC-CPPT findings show that reducing
      total cholesterol by lowering LDL-C levels can diminish the incidence of CHD
      morbidity and mortality in men at high risk for CHD because of raised LDL-C
      levels. This clinical trial provides strong evidence for a causal role for these
      lipids in the pathogenesis of CHD.

PMID- 6361300
TI  - The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial results. II. The
      relationship of reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease to cholesterol
      lowering.
AB  - In the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (LRC-CPPT), a 19%
      lower incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in cholestyramine-treated men was
      accompanied by mean falls of 8% and 12% in plasma total (TOTAL-C) and low-density
      lipoprotein (LDL-C) cholesterol levels relative to levels in placebo-treated men.
      When the cholestyramine treatment group was analyzed separately, a 19% reduction
      in CHD risk was also associated with each decrement of 8% in TOTAL-C or 11% in
      LDL-C levels (P less than .001). Moreover, CHD incidence in men sustaining a fall
      of 25% in TOTAL-C or 35% in LDL-C levels, typical responses to the prescribed
      dosage (24 g/day) of cholestyramine resin, was half that of men who remained at
      pretreatment levels. Adherence to medication was associated with reduced
      incidence of CHD only when accompanied by falls in TOTAL-C and LDL-C levels.
      Small increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, which accompanied
      cholestyramine treatment, independently accounted for a 2% reduction in CHD risk.
      Thus, the reduction of CHD incidence in the cholestyramine group seems to have
      been mediated chiefly by reduction of TOTAL-C and LDL-C levels.

PMID- 6361302
TI  - Landmark perspective: Protamine insulin. Hagedorn's pioneering contribution to
      drug delivery in the management of diabetes.

PMID- 6361301
TI  - Landmark article Jan 18, 1936: Protamine insulinate. By H.C. Hagedorn, B.N.
      Jensen, N.B. Krarup, and I. Wodstrup.

PMID- 6361303
TI  - JAMA reference directories.

PMID- 6361304
TI  - Landmark article Oct 31, 1936: Observations on the etiologic relationship of
      achylia gastrica to pernicious anemia. V. Further evidence for the essential
      participation of extrinsic factor in hematopoietic responses to mixtures of beef
      muscle and gastric juice and to hog stomach mucosa. By W.B. Castle and T.H. Ham.

PMID- 6361305
TI  - Landmark perspective: An 'extrinsic factor' and pernicious anemia.

PMID- 6361306
TI  - New international program perpetuates Takemi goals.

PMID- 6361307
TI  - Landmark article July 10, 1937: The therapy of the Cook County Hospital. By
      Bernard Fantus.

PMID- 6361308
TI  - Landmark perspective: The significance of Dr Fantus' report.

PMID- 6361309
TI  - [Comprehensive evaluation of cefotetan in pediatrics].
AB  - Fundamental and clinical studies on cefotetan (CTT), a new cephamycin antibiotic,
      were carried out under a joint study programme in pediatric field, and the
      following results were obtained. Pharmacokinetic study In 20 pediatric patients
      with normal renal function, weighing 15 to 48 kg, CTT was injected intravenously
      at 20 mg/kg in 3 to 5 minutes. The mean blood concentration of CTT was 215.6
      micrograms/ml at 15 minutes after the end of injection, 90.7 micrograms/ml at 1
      hour, 57.2 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 33.9 micrograms/ml at 4 hours and 10.2
      micrograms/ml at 8 hours. The half-life of the drug in the beta-phase, computed
      from the mean blood concentrations up to 8 hours postdosing, was 2.61 hours. The
      peak of the mean urinary excretion of cefotetan appeared in 0 to 2 hours after
      the injection and 36.5% of the dose was recovered in the urine. The mean
      excretion at 0 to 8 hours was 68.1%. Clinical study Clinical effects of CTT was
      evaluated in 285 patients with 287 diseases, since 1 patient had both pneumonia
      and erysipelas, and another both pneumonia and acute otitis media. Daily dosage
      of CTT ranged from 15 to 123 mg/kg, and 266 patients (93.3%) received the drug
      either 2 or 3 times daily. The clinical response was seen in 83.3% of the 6 cases
      with sepsis, 89.3% of the 122 cases with pneumonia with or without pyothorax,
      96.2% of the 52 cases with either acute bronchitis or tonsillitis, 92.5% of the
      67 cases with urinary tract infection and 92.5% of the 40 cases with other
      infections. The causative organisms were detected in 160 patients and the rate of
      complete disappearance was 80.6%. Out of 310 patients, side effects were seen in
      9 cases, diarrhea in 8 (2.6%) and rash in 1 (0.3%). Abnormal clinical laboratory
      findings were seen in 24 cases, elevation of serum transaminases in 19 (7.8%),
      elevation of TTT and LDH in 1 (0.4%) and eosinophilia in 4 (1.6%). None of these
      cases showed serious side effects or abnormal clinical laboratory findings. From
      the above results, it is concluded that CTT is one of the useful drug for
      treatment of infections in pediatric field.

PMID- 6361310
TI  - [Double-blind comparison of cefotetan and cefmetazole in complex urinary tract
      infections].
AB  - For the purpose of carrying out an objective evaluation of the clinical efficacy
      and safety of cefotetan (CTT), a new cephamycin-type injectable antibiotic, in
      the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections, cefmetazole (CMZ) was
      employed as the control drug in a comparative study performed by the double-blind
      method. CTT was administered in a dose of 0.5 g or 1 g, while CMZ was used in a
      dose of 1 g; both of these drugs were administered by intravenous drip infusion
      twice a day for 5 days. The total number of treated cases was 393; 105 patients
      in the CTT 1 g group, 97 patients in the CTT 2 g group, and 96 patients in the
      CMZ 2 g group. The judgment of the clinical effects of these 3 therapeutic
      regimens was carried out in accordance with the criteria for evaluation of
      clinical efficacy of antimicrobial agents on UTI (2nd edition). The results are
      as follows. With regard to the overall efficacy of the drug treatments, the
      calculated efficacy rates were 54.3% in the CTT 1 g group, 63.9% in the CTT 2 g
      group and 52.1% in the CMZ 2 g group. The differences between these efficacy
      rates were not statistically significant. Regarding the efficacy of the
      treatments in terms of the bacteriuria, the bacterial cultures were seen to
      become negative in 40% of the cases in the CTT 1 g group, 54.6% of the CTT 2 g
      group and 42.7% of the CMZ 2 g group. Again, there were no statistically
      significant differences between the groups. Concerning the efficacy of the drugs
      against pyuria, by combining the cases found to be normalized and those seen to
      show improvement, the improvement rates were calculated to be 41.9% for the CTT 1
      g group, 37.1% for the CTT 2 g group, and 37.5% for the CMZ 2 g group. These
      pyuria improvement rates show no statistically significant differences,
      respectively. The incidences of occurrence of side effects and laboratory test
      abnormalities thought to be caused by the drug therapy were as follows; 1.5% and
      5.3% in the CTT 1 g group, 1.5% and 3.1% in the CTT 2 g group and 0% and 6.9% in
      the CMZ 2 g group. There were no significant differences between the groups.
      Based on the above clinical results, it can be concluded that, in the treatment
      of complicated urinary tract infections, we can expect CTT to provide the same
      therapeutic efficacy as CMZ when its dosage is the same or even half thereof. In
      addition, the safety of CTT is equal to that of CMZ. Therefore, CTT is concluded
      to be a useful drug.

PMID- 6361311
TI  - [Double-blind comparison of cefadroxil and cephalexin granules in the treatment
      of impetigo].
AB  - A double-blind clinical comparison of cefadroxil granules (CDX) and a long-acting
      preparation of cephalexin granules (L-CEX) was conducted in the treatment of
      impetigo in children. The long-acting cephalexin preparation was composed of 3
      parts of granules soluble in the stomach and 7 parts of those soluble in the
      intestine. Drugs were administered at 3 different doses depending on the body
      weight of patients (Group I: less than 10 kg, Group II: between 10 kg and 20 kg,
      Group III: over 20 kg). Overall clinical evaluation by attending doctors: CDX
      group scored slightly better but not statistically significant results.
      Evaluation of usefulness: CDX group scored slightly better but not statistically
      significant results. Partially standardized evaluation: CDX scored statistically
      significantly higher points in the evaluation of total cases and Group II on Day
      5, and Group II on Day 7. Cumulative points through Day 5 and Day 7 were not
      statistically significant. Follow-up evaluation by attending doctors: CDX group
      got a better result in total cases and Group II on day 3, and in total cases on
      days 5 and 7. Otherwise there was no statistically significant difference.
      Incidence of side effects was not significantly different between the 2 drug
      groups. As shown in Fig. 1, CDX was administered on rising in the morning, after
      lunch, and at bed time whereas L-CEX was given on rising and at bed time when the
      patients were relatively in fasting condition. This may have reduced the expected
      merit of L-CEX and some reserve is required in the interpretations of the results
      shown herein.

PMID- 6361312
TI  - [Comparison of antibacterial potencies of oral and parenteral antibiotic
      preparations against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, and Proteus
      isolated from urinary tract infections (3: 1981) 1. Susceptibility distribution].
AB  - In vitro activities of antibacterial agents against E. coli, Klebsiella,
      Citrobacter and Proteus which were isolated from patients with urinary tract
      infections at 8 hospitals in Japan, were investigated by dilution broth method
      using MIC 2000 (Dynatec) during July to October in 1981. The summarized results
      are as follows: Among oral antibacterial agents, MPC and PPA have showed potent
      antibacterial activities against E. coli and Klebsiella. In vitro activities of
      oral antibacterial agents against Proteus and Citrobacter showed not so potent.
      Among the first and second generation's parenteral antibacterial agents, CTM has
      showed potent antibacterial activities against E. coli and Klebsiella. Among the
      third generation's parenteral antibacterial agents, CMX, CTX and CZX have showed
      potent antibacterial activities against E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus and
      Citrobacter.

PMID- 6361313
TI  - [Comparison of antibacterial potencies of oral and parenteral antibiotic
      preparations against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, and Proteus
      isolated from urinary tract infections (3: 1981). 2. Changes in bacterial
      sensitivities].
AB  - Since 1979 the antibacterial activity of antibiotics against E. coli, Klebsiella,
      Citrobacter and Proteus isolated from patients with urinary tract infections has
      been investigated. The serious transition of susceptibilities of E. coli and
      Klebsiella could not be recognized in these antibiotics (MPC, ABPC, NA, PPA, CEX,
      CEZ, CTM, CMZ and CFX). However, a few resistant organisms against the third
      generation's antibiotics (CTX, CMX, CZX, LMOX and CPZ) have already been
      appeared, we have to observe these results, continuously.

PMID- 6361314
TI  - [Comparison of antibacterial potencies of oral and parenteral antibiotic
      preparations against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, and Proteus
      isolated from urinary tract infections (3. 1981). 3. Patient backgrounds and
      bacterial sensitivities].
AB  - Routine susceptibilities testing of microorganisms isolated from patients are of
      restricted usefulness in the treatment of patients because of the delay in
      obtaining results. Thus, the empiric chemotherapy based on the susceptibility of
      microorganisms isolated from patients is necessary for the majority of patients
      with simple and complicated urinary tract infections. In this study the relation
      between changing susceptibility and background factors such as age, a sex
      distinction, antibiotics, areas in Japan, simple and complicated UTI and so on,
      has been investigated.

PMID- 6361315
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of cefoxitin in surgery].
AB  - Cefoxitin (CFX) was administered to 13 patients who were admitted to the surgical
      ward of the hospital. The results of the study as follows; Disc susceptibility
      tests of the 11 strains isolated from the patients to antibiotic were performed
      and 10 strains showed good susceptibility to CFX. The clinical response was good
      in all 4 patients with surgical infections. It is noted that 1 patient with mixed
      infection caused by E. coli, Clostridium sp. and Bacteroides sp. showed good
      response to CFX. Out of 9 patients treated with CFX for prophylaxis of
      postoperative infections, 8 patients responded effectively to CFX, and clinical
      efficacy rate was 88.9%. No side effects were noted due to CFX. It is considered
      from these results of the study that CFX is a highly effective and safe drug for
      treatment of infections and for the prevention of postoperative infections in
      surgery.

PMID- 6361316
TI  - [Effects of antibiotics in the prevention of infections following vaginal and
      abdominal hysterectomy: an evaluation by febrile morbidity and fever index].
AB  - The current references written in English concerning effect of prophylactic
      antibiotics in vaginal and abdominal simple hysterectomy have been reviewed.
      Febrile morbidity was evaluated for antibiotic treated and untreated groups. In
      most studies, the definition of febrile morbidity was a temperature of 38 degrees
      C or greater on 2 separate occasions excluding the first 24 hours after the
      operation. Fever index in degree hours was also compared between 2 groups in some
      studies. Of 30 studies in vaginal hysterectomy reported between 1969 and 1981, 29
      showed that antibiotic prophylaxis successfully decreased postoperative febrile
      morbidity. Of 15 studies in abdominal hysterectomy reported between 1972 and
      1982, 12 showed the significant decrease of febrile morbidity in the treated
      group. However, pelvic infection in only 2 and wound infection in 5 were reduced.
      The length of hospital stay was found to be shorter for the treated group in
      vaginal and abdominal hysterectomy. The beneficial effect of prophylactic
      antibiotics in abdominal hysterectomy were less compelling than those for vaginal
      hysterectomy. Although recent studies indicated that a short perioperative use of
      antibiotics or even a single dose was effective as long-term prophylaxis, the
      most effective method and duration awaits further evaluation.

PMID- 6361317
TI  - [Therapeutic efficacy of KS-R1, an ampicillin suppository, against experimental
      infections in mice].
AB  - In experimental infections induced with S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, E. coli, K.
      pneumoniae, P. mirabilis and H. influenzae in mice, the therapeutic efficacies of
      ampicillin (ABPC) after its rectal administration were compared with those
      obtained after its oral and subcutaneous administration, and the following
      results were obtained. Generally, in experimental intraperitoneal infections of
      mice, the effects of ABPC after rectal administration were inferior to those
      after subcutaneous administration and superior to those after oral
      administration. In experimentally induced intraperitoneal and urinary tract
      infection of E. coli KC-14, similar results were obtained. The plasma levels were
      reflected as the difference between various administration in the therapeutic
      efficacies observed with ABPC.

PMID- 6361318
TI  - [Pharmacological evaluation of an ampicillin suppository (KS-R1) in acute
      respiratory tract infection in children: a comparison with an oral form of
      ampicillin].
AB  - A comparative well-controlled study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and
      tolerability of ampicillin rectal suppository (KS-R1) compared with those of oral
      form of ampicillin (ABPC) against acute respiratory tract infections in pediatric
      field. KS-R1 at the dose of 125 mg X 4/day of ABPC in potency, or the oral form
      at the same dosage, was given to 166 cases of patients with acute respiratory
      tract infection due to Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae or
      Haemophilus influenzae for 7 days, as a rule. The clinical efficacy rates
      evaluated in 151 cases (KS-R1 group in 77 cases, oral group in 74 cases) on
      standard criteria of committee members were 88.3% for the KS-R1 group and 86.5%
      for the oral group, respectively. There was no significant difference between 2
      groups. Evaluation by stratification according to the diagnosis showed that the
      efficacy rates for the KS-R1 group and for the oral group were 87.5% and 85.0%
      against pharyngitis, 90.5% and 90.0% against tonsillitis and 84.2% and 78.6%
      against bronchitis, respectively. None of them showed significant difference
      between 2 groups. The bacteriological effect was evaluated in 55 cases (KS-R1
      group in 33 cases, oral group in 22 cases), and disappearance rate was 93.9% for
      the KS-R1 group and 95.5% for the oral group, showing no significant difference.
      Side effect including subjective and objective symptoms were strictly evaluated
      in 163 cases (KS-R1 group in 83 cases, oral group in 80 cases), but the incidence
      rate which was 22.9% for the KS-R1 group and 23.8% for the oral group showed no
      significant difference. The above results indicate that against acute respiratory
      tract infections in pediatric field, KS-R1 possesses clinical efficacy and safety
      similar to the oral form of ABPC, and that it is a useful suppository.

PMID- 6361319
TI  - [Pharmacological evaluation of an ampicillin suppository (KS-R1) in acute
      pneumonia in children--a comparison with a parenteral preparation of ampicillin].
AB  - A comparative well-controlled study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and
      tolerability of KS-R1 (ampicillin (ABPC) rectal suppository) compared with those
      of intravenous injection of ABPC against acute bacterial pneumonia caused by ABPC
      sensitive bacteria, such as Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae and
      Haemophilus influenzae in pediatric field. KS-R1 at the dose of 250 mg X 4/day of
      ABPC in potency, or the intravenous injection at the dose of 125 mg X 4/day of
      ABPC in potency, was given to 68 cases of patients with bacterial pneumonia, aged
      between 10 months and 8 years and 2 months, for 7 days, as a rule. The clinical
      efficacy rates evaluated in 61 cases (KS-R1 group in 31 cases, intravenous group
      in 30 cases) on standard criteria of committee members were 93.5% for the KS-R1
      group and 83.3% for the intravenous group, respectively. There was no significant
      difference between 2 groups. Evaluation by stratification according to the age
      showed that KS-R1 was significantly superior, the rate being 90.5% among the
      children from 1 year to 3 years in the KS-R1 group and 61.5% in the intravenous
      group. The bacteriological effect was evaluated in 16 cases (KS-R1 group in 7
      cases, intravenous group in 9 cases), the disappearance rate was 100% for the KS
      R1 group and 88.9% for the intravenous group, without significant difference.
      With regard to side effects, 66 cases (KS-R1 group in 35 cases, intravenous group
      in 31 cases) were strictly evaluated in relation to subjective and objective
      symptoms. As a result, no significant difference was noted between 2 groups in
      the incidence rate which was 17.1% for the KS-R1 group and 9.7% for the
      intravenous group. The above results indicate that against acute bacterial
      pneumonia in pediatric field, the KS-R1 at the dose of 250 mg X 4/day of ABPC in
      potency possesses clinical efficacy and safety similar to the intravenous
      injection at the dose of 125 mg X 4/day of ABPC in potency, and that it is a
      useful suppository.

PMID- 6361320
TI  - [Clinical studies of an ampicillin suppository (KS-R1) in children].
AB  - Clinical trials of KS-R1 have been carried out on 28 infections in children,
      including 8 pharyngitis, 11 tonsillitis, a pharyngolaryngobronchitis, 3
      lymphadenitis and 5 urinary tract infections. The following results were
      obtained. KS-R1 30-50 mg/kg/day, was clinically effective in 27 out of 28
      infections. Bacteriologically, the following routine clinical isolates were
      identified; Enterococci in 1 case, S. viridans 1 case, S. pneumoniae 1 case, S.
      pyogenes 2 cases, H. parainfluenzae 1 case, E. coli 5 cases and S. aureus + H.
      influenzae 1 case. Every isolated organism showed +++ sensitivity to the ABPC
      sensitivity disc in vitro without only 1 case of E. coli. The organisms were
      eradicated in 11 patients after the administration of KS-R1. Adverse effects did
      not occur in any patient without case 25, who complained of pollakiuria.

PMID- 6361321
TI  - [Therapeutic evaluation of an ampicillin suppository (KS-R1) used against acute
      suppurative otitis media in children: a comparison with an oral preparation].
AB  - A comparative well-controlled study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and
      tolerability of KS-R1 (ampicillin rectal suppository, 125 mg X 4/day)
      administered to the rectum as compared with those of orally administered
      ampicillin (ABPC) with same dosage. The results obtained were as follows. The
      clinical effect of the drug was judged in 100 cases (suppository group in 45
      cases, oral group in 55 cases) out of 111 cases. The overall efficacy rates
      evaluated on standard criteria were 93.3% for the suppository group and 89.1% for
      the oral group. There was no statistically significant difference between 2
      groups. Evaluation by stratification according to the dose, disease type and age
      also revealed a slightly higher efficacy rate on each parameter in the
      suppository group, but no significant difference between 2 groups. The
      bacteriological effects evaluated in 84 cases (suppository group in 38 cases,
      oral group in 46 cases) were 94.7% and 93.5%, respectively. There was no
      statistically significant difference between 2 groups. Side effects were
      evaluated in 101 cases (suppository group in 46 cases, oral group in 55 cases),
      but the incidence rate showed no significant difference between the 2 groups; 3
      cases (each 1 of abdominal pain, periproctal redness and periproctal erosion)
      were observed in suppository group and 2 cases (each 1 of stomach pain + soft
      stool and diarrhea) in oral group. The results indicate that KS-R1 is equally
      effective and tolerable against acute suppurative otitis media compared to oral
      administration of ABPC, and considered to be useful.

PMID- 6361322
TI  - [Evaluation of in vitro antibacterial potencies of oral antibiotics against
      sputum isolates].
AB  - Susceptibility of 162 sputum isolates to oral antibiotics was measured by an agar
      dilution method. The sputum isolates included S. pneumoniae 25 strains, S. aureus
      30 strains, H. influenzae 37 strains, K. pneumoniae 51 strains and E. coli 19
      strains. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of cefaclor (CCL),
      cephalexin (CEX), ampicillin (ABPC) and minocycline (MINO) were measured for each
      strains. Eighty percent of S. pneumoniae strains were inhibited at 0.024 to 0.05
      micrograms/ml of ABPC, 0.39 to 0.78 micrograms/ml of CCL, and 1.56 to 3.13
      micrograms/ml of CEX and MINO. ABPC, CCL and CEX were considered to be effective
      clinically when they were used with the usual dosage. However, about 30% of
      strains were resistant to the usual dosage of orally administrated MINO. Eighty
      percent of S. aureus strains were inhibited at 0.20 to 0.39 microgram/ml of MINO
      and 3.13 to 6.25 micrograms/ml of the other 3 drugs. MINO is the most effective
      with the usual dosage. Twenty to 40% of strains showed resistance to CCL, CEX and
      ABPC. Eighty percent of H. influenzae strains were inhibited at 0.39
      micrograms/ml of ABPC, 0.78 to 1.56 micrograms/ml of MINO, 3.13 micrograms/ml of
      CCL and 12.5 to 25 micrograms/ml of CEX. ABPC should be selected as the first
      choice antibiotic. However, there were 2 ABPC-resistant strains that were highly
      susceptible to CCL. Eighty percent of K. pneumoniae strains were inhibited at
      0.39 to 0.78 micrograms/ml of CCL, 3.13 to 6.25 micrograms/ml of MINO and CEX,
      and 12.5 to 25 micrograms/ml of ABPC. CCL seemed to be only effective oral
      antibiotic for K. pneumoniae infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6361323
TI  - [Significance of bacterial count of the bile as a criteria of drug efficacy].
AB  - The effectiveness of antibiotics on biliary tract infections should be evaluated
      strictly by bacteriological findings rather than clinical results. In this
      report, the bacteria counts and drug excretion in bile were studied in 4 cases
      with obstructive jaundice. All patients received cefpiramide (CPM) (1.0 g) by the
      intravenous administration; before and at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours after
      injection, bile samples were taken to measure the CPM concentration (by bioassay)
      and bacteria counts (by plate count and uricult method). Case 1: After Soupault's
      operation. The highest peak of CPM excretion in bile was seen after 2 hours;
      bacteria counts (plate count) were decreased and/or abolished after 4 hours. Case
      2: On day 25 after PTCD. CPM showed the highest peak after 1 hour, bacteria
      counts fell between 3 approximately 5 hours. Case 3: 4 months after PTCD. S.
      faecalis and Streptococcus were gradually diminished but E. cloacae (MIC greater
      than 100) was almost unchanged. Case 4: Cholangitis with T-tube. No change was
      seen in A. anitratum though CPM concentration was 830 micrograms/ml. However by
      the uricult method, bacteria counts decreased from 10(7) to 10(4) on CLED medium,
      and to 10(3) on MacConkey medium. From these results, the bacteria counts in the
      bile were correlated to the CPM concentrations 2 hours after it's peak. It was
      speculated that the decease of bacteria counts reflected the theoretical
      antibacterial activity.

PMID- 6361324
TI  - [Comparative double-blind study of cefroxadine and cephalexin in the treatment of
      complicated urinary tract infection].
AB  - To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and utility of cefroxadine (CXD) for the
      treatment of complicated urinary tract infections, a double blind study comparing
      CXD with cephalexin (CEX) was carried out. Patient received either 1,500 mg/day
      of CXD 3 times a day, or 2,000 mg/day of CEX 4 times a day for 5 days by oral
      route, and the following results were obtained. Of the 305 patients, clinical
      efficacies were evaluated in 220 cases (CXD 105 cases, CEX 115 cases) except that
      excluded or dropped out. Side effect was evaluated in 301 cases (CXD 150 cases,
      CEX 151 cases). There was no statistically significant difference in the back
      ground characteristics between the 2 groups. Overall clinical assessment by the
      committee according to the "Criteria for Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy of
      Antimicrobial Agents on Urinary Tract Infection" patients evaluated as better
      than "good" were 64 of 105 (61.0%) for CXD and 75 of 115 (65.2%) for CEX. The
      difference between the 2 groups was not statistically significant. In effect on
      pyuria, patients evaluated as better than "decreased" were 58 of 105 (55.2%) for
      CXD and 69 of 115 (60.0%) for CEX. The difference between the 2 groups was not
      statistically significant. In effect of bacteriuria, patients evaluated as better
      than "decreased" were 57 of 105 (54.3%) for CXD and 69 of 115 (60.0%) for CEX.
      The difference between the 2 groups was not statistically significant. Analyses
      were stratified according to classification by the type of infection, diagnosis,
      degree of pyuria before treatment, and bacterial count before treatment. There
      were no statistically significant differences between the 2 treatment groups as
      to any item. In evaluation by attending physician, patients evaluated as better
      than "good" were 81 of 140 (57.9%) for CXD, and 85 of 141 (60.3%) for CEX.
      Statistically significant difference was not observed between the 2 groups. In
      drug usefulness by attending physician, patients evaluated as better than
      "usefulness" were 106 of 140 (75.7%) for CXD, and 109 of 141 (77.3%) for CEX. The
      difference between the 2 groups was not statistically significant. In evaluation
      of the infections with sensitive species to both CXD and CEX by the committee
      according to "Criteria for Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy of Antimicrobial
      Agents on Urinary Tract Infections, overall clinical efficacies were evaluated in
      102 (CXD 48 cases, CEX 54 cases) which were infected with sensitive species.
      There was no statistically significant difference in the back ground
      characteristics between the 2 treatment groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6361325
TI  - [Double-blind comparative trial of cefroxadine and cephalexin in the treatment of
      acute suppurative otitis media and acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative
      otitis media].
AB  - A double-blind controlled trial of cefroxadine (CXD) 250 mg t.i.d. was undertaken
      to objectively evaluate its safety and effectiveness in the treatment of acute
      suppurative otitis media and acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis
      media, using cephalexin (CEX) 250 mg q.i.d. as a control drug, and the following
      results were obtained. In the treatment of acute suppurative otitis media, the 2
      drugs produced almost equal outcomes, showing no significant difference in
      assessments of both overall effects and usefulness. In the treatment of acute
      exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media, the 2 drugs exhibited no
      significant difference as well in overall effects by Wilcoxon's two-sample test.
      However, the CEX group had significantly more nonresponsive patients, i.e. 35.5%
      as compared with 9.7% of the CXD group (chi 2-test, P less than 0.05). In the
      assessment of clinical usefulness as well, no significant difference was observed
      between the 2 groups. In the assessment of overall effects based on the patients
      whose isolated organisms were sensitive to the drugs, CEX group had more patients
      not responding to the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative
      otitis media (chi 2-test, P less than 0.05). Bacteriological effects were not
      significantly different between the 2 drugs in both acute suppurative otitis
      media and acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media. Overall safety
      rating was not significantly different between the 2 drugs. Side effects occurred
      as the symptoms of digestive organ in 2 patients each in both groups (equally an
      incidence of 2.6%). As for the improvement of each symptom after treatment
      (assessed on day 3), CXD was superior in the improvement rate of otorrhea volume
      as the main symptom of acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media,
      while CEX was superior in that of otoobstruction feeling. From the above
      findings, it is presumed that CXD is a safe drug which can exhibit equal or
      superior therapeutic effects to CEX in the treatment of acute suppurative otitis
      media and acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media, at 3/4 of the
      CEX dose level.

PMID- 6361326
TI  - [Splenectomy made possible by administration of a massive dosage of IgG in
      refractory ITP associated with Plasmodium vivax malaria].

PMID- 6361327
TI  - [Basis of enzyme activity determination].

PMID- 6361328
TI  - [Methods of serum enzyme determination and its clinical significance: trypsin].

PMID- 6361329
TI  - [Methods of serum enzyme determination and its clinical significance:
      cholinesterases].

PMID- 6361330
TI  - [Hematopoietic cancer cells and terminal transferase].

PMID- 6361331
TI  - [Determination of circulating immune complexes in hematological diseases by Clq
      ELISA (a microplate method)].

PMID- 6361332
TI  - [Application of the immunobeads to the diagnosis of lymphoid cancer--with special
      reference to the effect of preservation by freezing after preparation].

PMID- 6361333
TI  - [Quantification of serum antibodies against liver cell membrane (anti-LM) in
      patients with liver diseases by ELISA--fixation of the antibody on a microplate
      using protein A and the significance of anti-LM detection].

PMID- 6361335
TI  - [Leukemia with positive reactions to tartrate-resistance acid phosphatase].

PMID- 6361334
TI  - [Alkaline phosphatase--with special reference to alkaline phosphatases of the
      blood cells].

PMID- 6361336
TI  - [Biochemistry of coronary artery disease--prostaglandins].

PMID- 6361337
TI  - [Background for clinical manifestation of hereditary angioneurotic edema (HANE)].

PMID- 6361338
TI  - [Clinical experience with Compressar, an external hemo-clamp].

PMID- 6361339
TI  - [Clinical investigation of serum group I pepsinogen (PGI). Comparison of
      immunoreactive PGI and proteolytic activity].

PMID- 6361340
TI  - [Effects of bile acids and bilirubin on pancreatic secretion in obstructive
      jaundice].

PMID- 6361341
TI  - Control of gonadotropin secretion in the Japanese monkey.

PMID- 6361342
TI  - [Environmental control for children with continued fever; with special remarks on
      mothers' rooming in].

PMID- 6361343
TI  - [Significance and method of utilizing literature].

PMID- 6361344
TI  - Fibronectin and laminin distribution in bovine eye.
AB  - Using immunofluorescent techniques we have examined the distribution of the
      glycoproteins, fibronectin and laminin, in bovine eyes. As expected, both
      fibronectin and laminin were present in blood vessel walls and in all basement
      membranes, including the internal limiting membrane of the retina. Fibronectin,
      but not laminin, was observed arranged in fine fibrillar arrays within the
      vitreous body. The presence of fibronectin in the vitreous cortex and the
      occurrence of both proteins in the internal limiting membrane of the retina
      provide a morphologic suggestion of a role for fibronectin and laminin in
      vitreoretinal adhesion.

PMID- 6361345
TI  - Localization of S-antigen by enzyme-labelled antibody method and electron
      microscopy.
AB  - Localization of S-antigen was studied by a direct enzyme-labeled
      immunohistochemical method with light and electron microscopes. IgG was prepared
      from rabbits which were sensitized by swine retinal S-antigen and the IgG was
      conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). This HRP-labeled IgG was directly
      applied to normal rabbit retina and the retina was processed to make slides for
      light and electron microscopic examinations. In light microscopic findings, a
      clear-cut positive response was noted in the outer segment of photoreceptor cells
      which was similar to that of Wacker's observation, and a weak response was
      observed in the inner segment of the photoreceptor cells and the outer nuclear
      layer. In electron microscopic findings, immunoprecipitates, which were
      represented by electron-dense particles, were observed on both sides of the disk
      membrane of the outer segment with evenly distributed particles on both outer and
      inner surfaces, showing a pattern symmetric to that of the membrane. These
      immunoprecipitates were also noted in the plasma membrane of the outer segment
      but there they did not show a pattern similar to that of the disk membrane. A
      small amount of pinpoint-shaped immunoprecipitates were also noted in the
      cytoplasm of the inner segment and the connecting cilia. The immunoprecipitates
      were observed to gradually decrease in number with the phagocytosis of the outer
      segment by the retinal pigment epithelium, and they finally disappeared as
      fragments which were completely phagocytized. These findings may suggest a
      renewal process of S-antigen and a rationalization of this theory was discussed.

PMID- 6361346
TI  - [Localization of increased lung vascular permeability in experimental pulmonary
      embolism and the role of PGI2].

PMID- 6361347
TI  - [Urinary kallikrein and other vasoactive substances in patients with primary
      aldosteronism and essential hypertension].

PMID- 6361349
TI  - Evaluation of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibodies to
      Toxocara canis in dogs.

PMID- 6361348
TI  - [Urological management and its results in patients with congenital neurogenic
      bladder due to spina bifida--with special reference to the urodynamic evaluation
      of the lower urinary tract function].

PMID- 6361350
TI  - T-cell lineage of a Friend virus-induced lymphatic leukemia in athymic rats.
AB  - Athymic (rnu/rnu) and euthymic rats inoculated with the Friend virus-associated
      lymphatic leukemia virus developed lymphocytic leukemia. Neoplastic cells from
      these animals were evaluated by means of indirect immunofluorescence and flow
      cytofluorometry with monoclonal antibodies Ox-1, Ox-7, and W3/25, which react
      with surface antigens present on normal rat lymphoid cell populations. Lymphoid
      cells from leukemic animals revealed characteristic alterations in cell surface
      fluorescence profiles when compared to normal, healthy controls. Athymic and
      euthymic leukemic rats were similar in that many cells from both the spleen and
      bone marrow had markers on the cell surface normally found on thymocytes but not
      on mature peripheral lymphocytes. These studies provided evidence supporting the
      presence of T-lineage lymphocytes in the athymic rat. Further, this population of
      early or "pre"-T-lymphocytes included the predominant leukemia cell type induced
      by the Friend virus-associated lymphatic leukemia virus.

PMID- 6361351
TI  - Cell surface alpha-D-galactopyranosyl end groups: use as markers in the isolation
      of murine tumor cell lines with different cancer-causing potentials.
AB  - Cell lines from 2 3-methylcholanthrene-induced murine tumors were established in
      culture and examined for reactivity with Griffonia simplicifolia isolectin B4 (GS
      I-B4), a lectin that has strict specificity for terminal alpha-D-galactopyranosyl
      residues. Virtually all of the cells in both populations were strongly reactive,
      indicating the presence of this carbohydrate on the cell surface. Both tumor
      lines were exposed to human serum with antibodies to the blood group B antigen.
      More than 99.99% of the exposed cells were killed by this treatment. This is not
      surprising, because terminal alpha-D-galactopyranosyl residues comprise the blood
      group B antigen. From the few surviving cells, it was possible to establish cell
      lines resistant to the cytotoxic effects of the anti-blood group B antibodies. A
      total of 4 cell lines were independently obtained in this way. The human serum
      resistant lines showed no detectable reactivity with GS I-B4, indicating that
      alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-deficient cell lines had been obtained. The parent and
      variant cells were compared for reactivity with anti-laminin antibodies. Both
      parent lines showed strong reactivity by immunofluorescence in the viable state,
      whereas the alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-deficient lines showed no reactivity. The
      parent and variant lines were also compared with regard to in vitro and in vivo
      growth. The alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-deficient lines had reduced in vitro growth
      capacity relative to the parent lines. More importantly, in contrast to the
      parent lines, these lines were significantly less tumorigenic than the parent
      lines when injected into syngeneic mice and did not metastasize spontaneously.

PMID- 6361353
TI  - Address to KRN graduates.

PMID- 6361352
TI  - [Icelandic obstetric history].

PMID- 6361354
TI  - [Effect of ethmozine on the automatic function of the sinus node and sinoatrial
      conduction in patients with normal and impaired function of the sinus node].
AB  - In this study involving 45 patients with the normal function of the sinus node
      and 10 patients showing signs of its damage (n-10), intravenous administration of
      ethmozine in a dose of 150 mg (1.5-2 mg/kg) exerted atropine like action. In four
      cases with dysfunction of the sinus node the drug significantly increased the
      time of the restoration of sinus node function. Ethmozine induced a Stage II
      sinoatrial block in 3 out of 10 patients with sinus node dysfunction. The above
      data suggest that ethmozine produces an atropine-like effect on the sinus node.
      In some patients with sinus node dysfunction, ethmozine may impair the function
      of the sinus node which calls for caution while employing the drug in such cases.
      The inhibitory effect of the agent on the sinoatrial conduction in the patients
      studied suggests that ethmozine may prove an effective antiarrhythmic drug for
      treating patients with paroxysmal sinoatrial tachycardia.

PMID- 6361355
TI  - [Changes in dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase activity during hypertension and its
      complications].
AB  - Using the fluorimetric method, the activity of dipeptidyl-carboxypeptidase (DCP)
      was studied in 85 patients suffering from essential hypertension. It was
      ascertained that the DCP activity in the blood serum of such patients was
      significantly higher than in normal subjects. The highest activity of the enzyme
      was observed in cases where essential hypertension was aggravated by chronic
      heart failure or an acute impairment of the cerebral circulation. Inflammatory
      processes in hypertensive patients were associated with a considerable fall in
      the serum enzyme activity.

PMID- 6361356
TI  - [Glucose tolerance disorder in children with mucoviscidosis/cystic fibrosis].

PMID- 6361357
TI  - [New surgical treatment methods for diaphragmatic hiatal hernias].

PMID- 6361358
TI  - [Centenary of the 1st pneumotomy in Russia].

PMID- 6361359
TI  - [Pathogenesis and major principles of simulation and surgical treatment of
      pancreatitis. I. Simulation of acute pancreatitis].

PMID- 6361360
TI  - [Surgical aspects of pancreas transplantation].

PMID- 6361361
TI  - [Spontaneous resorption of pancreatic cysts].

PMID- 6361362
TI  - [Etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic fistulas].

PMID- 6361363
TI  - [Photocoagulation of mycotic fundus changes in rabbits].

PMID- 6361364
TI  - [History of cataract extraction. 1. From ancient times to the 10th century].

PMID- 6361365
TI  - [Clinical and experimental ophthalmology in America. Reflections on a stay in the
      USA].

PMID- 6361366
TI  - [Selective IgA deficiency].
AB  - Selective IgA deficiency may be defined as an inborn state characterized by a
      decrease of serum IgA levels below 8 IU/1 (approximately 5 mg/dl) which may be
      associated with clinical symptoms of disease. The frequency of this condition in
      the general population varies between 1 : 400 and 1 : 3000 in different
      countries. Patients with defects of chromosome 18, ataxia teleangiectatica and
      with connatal rubella syndrome have a high incidence of IgA deficiency. Inspite
      of the decrease in circulating IgA there are B-lymphocytes containing IgA
      molecules in the peripheral blood. Thus it has been concluded that transformation
      of B-lymphocytes into IgA bearing plasmacells is stunted by another mechanism.
      While small amounts of IgA may be released by transformed plasmacells the
      capacity of B-lymphocytes to mature into fully functioning plasmacells releasing
      normal amounts of IgA is defective. T-cells acting as suppressor cells for IgA
      differentiation have been demonstrated in peripheral blood and are a possible
      explanation for this phenomenon. The majority of individuals with IgA deficiency
      are healthy. Evaluations of increased susceptibility for infections have to
      consider the fact that 6 respiratory tract infections per year are the average
      for any preschool child. However a number of children with IgA deficiency suffer
      from recurrent bacterial infections such as sinusitis, bronchitis and pneumonia,
      usually responding well to antibiotic treatment. IgA deficiency has an
      established correlation with atopic disease. There is an 40 fold increase in
      incidence of allergies and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis,
      lupus erythematodes and thyroiditis in individuals with IgA deficiency.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6361367
TI  - [Methylmalonic acidemia: classification, diagnosis and therapy].
AB  - Methylmalonic acidemia is a recessively inherited inborn error of metabolism
      presenting with metabolic acidosis, vomiting, lethargy, anorexia, and hypotonia.
      The disease may either begin in the neonatal period with acute, life-threatening
      episodes, or manifest itself with a milder clinical course and a more favorable
      outcome depending on the location and the severity of enzyme block. Enzymatic
      abnormalities, clinical features, diagnostic approach with regard to differential
      diagnosis and the possible treatment are discussed. Genetic counseling and
      prenatal diagnosis are also stressed.

PMID- 6361368
TI  - A serological study of the age distribution of endemic treponematoses in children
      from Mali, Africa.
AB  - Using the Treponema Pallidum Haemagglutination Assay (TPHA) for the demonstration
      of treponema-specific antibodies, 444 children in age groups between 5 months and
      10 years from different parts of Mali (Africa) were investigated for endemic
      treponematoses. The rate of seroreactivity (1,85%) in the age groups under four
      years (n = 270) indicates a low incidence of treponemal infections. From these
      observations it can be concluded that treponemal infections in infants are not
      caused by suckling of the babies on infectious nipples of their mothers. The high
      rate of TPHA-reactive children (17,8%) in the age groups between 5 and 10 years
      (n = 174) can be explained by the assumption of nonvenereal transmission of the
      disease. Furthermore, 101 mothers from Bamako and their newborn babies, were
      investigated serologically. In 17 mothers (17%) the TPHA was reactive. Treponema
      specific antibodies were transmitted to the children in all cases and with nearly
      identical antibody titres.

PMID- 6361369
TI  - Hereditary angioneurotic oedema and blood-coagulation: interaction between C1
      esterase-inhibitor and the activation factors of the proteolytic enzyme systems.
AB  - C-1-inactivator (C-1-INA) does not only exert its important inhibitory functions
      in the complement system but also in the first step in the activation of the
      coagulation, fibrinolytic and kallikrein system. We therefore determined in nine
      patients with hereditary angioneurotic oedema (HANE) with obvious quantitative or
      functional defects of C-1-INA, and one further patient with Quincke-type oedema
      of different origin, the coagulation factors of the initial phase such as Hageman
      factor, plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA) and high molecular weight
      kininogen (HMWK). These factors were further correlated with the concentration as
      well as functional activity of C-1-INA. Nine of ten patients showed a
      significant, sometimes even excessive, increase in the levels of factor XII (mean
      +/- SD = 146% +/- 63), HMWK (mean +/- SD = 126% +/- 56) and PTA (mean +/- SD =
      289% +/- 294), and a decrease of C1-esterase inhibitor (C-1-inactivator), which
      was measured with a immunologic method (mean +/- SD = 9.6 mg/dl +/- 6.6) for its
      concentration as well as being measured for its activity (mean +/- SD = 30.4% +/-
      24.9).

PMID- 6361370
TI  - Regulation and interaction of cholesterol, bile salt and lipoprotein synthesis in
      liver.
AB  - The liver is the junction of several inter-organ metabolic cycles which are
      essential for the homeostasis of mammalian metabolism. Two of these are described
      in greater detail and their role in control of lipid metabolism will be
      presented. The fatty acid-triglyceride cycle is of particular importance for our
      understanding of the mechanisms governing serum lipid levels. This is due to the
      fact that the lipoprotein secreted by the liver in the course of this metabolic
      cycle - very low density lipoprotein - has a relatively long half-life in the
      plasma compartment. Data have been collected from the literature to show that
      different nutritional and pharmacological stimuli affecting serum lipid levels do
      so by interfering with the rate of very low density lipoprotein input into the
      plasma compartment. The enterohepatic circulation of steroids is another cycle
      which contributes to control of lipid metabolism. Data are presented which show
      that bile acids, the major steroids circulating in this cycle, exert direct
      feedback control of hepatic cholesterol synthesis. This characteristic of bile
      acids may explain why certain bile acids, when given orally, reduce serum
      cholesterol levels. Several clinical and experimental observations suggest a
      close relation between bile acid and triglyceride metabolism. It is characterized
      by an inverse relation between bile acid pool size and serum triglyceride levels.
      Moreover, a reduction of the bile acid pool size is accompanied by an enhanced
      hepatic fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and secretion into blood. The
      molecular basis and physiological significance of these observations have still
      to be explored.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6361371
TI  - [Early detection of diabetic nephropathy: serum beta 2-microglobulin].
AB  - Detection of early diabetic nephropathy is necessary to postpone or even prevent
      progression of irreversible kidney damage by therapeutic measures. Beta 2
      microglobulin (beta 2-MG) as a parameter of the glomerular filtration rate has
      been measured by immunoassay in the serum of 100 diabetic subjects, 50 insulin
      dependent (IDD), and 50 noninsulin-dependent (NIDD) patients. The results are
      compared with endogeneous creatinine-clearance, serum creatinine concentration,
      and proteinuria and are related to different stages of diabetic retinopathy (RD).
      Normal values were obtained from 50 healthy age- and sex-matched subjects. A
      close correlation was found between beta 2-MG levels and endogeneous creatinine
      clearance. Thirty-nine diabetics revealed an elevated beta 2-MG (2.5 mg/l or
      higher), only 16 of whom had increased serum creatinine levels (1.4 mg/dl or
      higher). Significant differences of beta 2-MG were obtained between each group of
      patients with different stages of RD. A relevant difference of serum creatinine
      was found only between patients with normal eye fundus and advanced proliferative
      retinopathy, respectively. Without RD 26% of the patients revealed elevated beta
      2-MG but normal creatinine values demonstrating a "latent nephropathy", just 8%
      showed an increase of both parameters. Of the diabetics with proliferative
      retinopathy 40% suffered from impaired kidney function proven by reduced
      creatinine clearance and by elevation of beta 2-MG and creatinine as well, 15%
      just revealed an increase of beta 2-MG with normal creatinine levels.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6361372
TI  - [Metabolic consequences of positive pressure respiration during exposure to
      acceleration].
AB  - The purpose of this study was to identify metabolic changes in pilots exposed to
      linear acceleration with an onset rate of 0.1 G/sec. The exposure of +Gz
      increased the content of of lactate dehydrogenase and the concentration of
      lactate dehydrogenase and the concentration of potassium and phosphorus in
      plasma. Positive pressure breathing of 60 hPa during acceleration enhanced its
      tolerance by 2.2 G, producing no effect on metabolic changes.

PMID- 6361373
TI  - Experimental Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: clue to etiology of certain human retinal
      degenerative diseases.

PMID- 6361374
TI  - Neonatal infection with the Daniels strain of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis
      virus.
AB  - The clinical and pathologic manifestation of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis
      are age related. Animals infected during the first week of life die of a
      fulminant encephalitis analogous to human poliomyelitis. By contrast, animals
      infected within 2 and 4 weeks of age survive but develop chronic relapsing
      demyelination and persistent infection of the central nervous system. The
      neonatal infection results in widespread necrosis beginning with neuronal
      vacuolar degeneration followed by inflammatory infiltrates. Electron microscopy
      reveals paracrystalline arrays of 27-nm viral particles characteristic of
      picornaviruses within neurons and macrophages. In addition, oligodendrocytes show
      reactive changes and intracytoplasmic vacuoles. Immunoperoxidase studies show
      viral antigen primarily localized within neurons of the cerebral cortex, basal
      ganglia, hippocampus, and anterior horn cells. Viral antigen is found within the
      apical dendrites and axonal projections of hippocampal pyramidal cells suggesting
      that Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis may travel intraaxonally.

PMID- 6361375
TI  - Retinal degeneration in experimental Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
AB  - Mice with experimental Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) develop a progressive
      retinal degeneration after a prolonged incubation period. Sections of the eyes
      stained with hematoxylin and eosin revealed pathologic changes in the optic nerve
      and a marked degeneration of photoreceptor cell inner and outer segment areas.
      Both peripheral and central retina, normally 10 cells thick, were reduced to one
      photoreceptor cell or less in thickness. Ultrastructural analysis revealed total
      loss of outer segment and most inner segment elements. Only Muller cell
      microvilli and macrophages remained in the subretinal space. Macrophages were
      also visible in the remnant photoreceptor cell layer. The inner nuclear layer and
      pigment epithelial cell layers appeared normal. Muller cell hypertrophy was
      evident but was not accompanied by spongiform vacuolation. Several of the
      degenerative changes of the eye in mice with experimental Creutzfeldt-Jakob
      disease differ from those observed for scrapie in rodents. The pathologic
      similarities between the retinal degenerations occurring in mice with
      experimental Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and those found in some forms of human
      retinal degeneration are provocative. These similarities raise the question
      whether or not other retinal degenerative diseases might be caused by infectious
      agents such as prions or slow viruses.

PMID- 6361377
TI  - Cultivation of M. leprae.

PMID- 6361376
TI  - Role of neutrophils in the deposition of platelets during acute inflammation.
AB  - Platelets can release a variety of inflammatory mediators. These formed elements
      have been shown to accumulate early in acute inflammation, often prior to fibrin
      and thrombus formation. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) infiltration is also
      an early event and is linked to protein exudation and hyperemia. The relationship
      between PMNL and platelet accumulation was studied. Inflammation was induced in
      rabbits by intradermal injection of stimuli, and 51Cr-labeled leukocytes and
      111In-labeled platelets were used to quantitate the rates of leukocyte and
      platelet accumulation in the dermal reactions. A temporal association between the
      rates of leukocyte infiltration (greater than 95% PMNL) and of platelet
      deposition at skin sites was observed when killed Escherichia coli, E. coli
      derived chemotactic factors, zymosan-activated plasma, f-met-leu-phe, or
      endotoxin were injected intradermally. A linear correlation (r = 0.96; p less
      than 0.001) between these parameters was observed. 59Fe-labeled red cells did not
      accumulate in these lesions. Platelet deposition in response to inflammatory
      stimuli did not occur in PMNL-depleted (nitrogen mustard treatment) but platelet
      sufficient rabbits, in spite of normal platelet deposition in thrombin-injected
      sites. Platelet responses to inflammatory stimuli were normal when neutropenia,
      after nitrogen mustard treatment, was prevented. In contrast, in situ PMNL
      reconstitution of the skin sites in neutropenic rabbits did not cause local
      platelet accumulation. Intravenous infusion of the synthetic chemotactic factor,
      f-met-leu-phe, induced transient neutropenia and thrombocytopenia (30% of
      control) with platelet sequestration primarily in the lung. This is also the
      known site of PMNL sequestration during f-met-leu-phe infusion. It is concluded
      that platelets selectively deposit in acutely inflamed tissues primarily during
      PMNL margination in, and emigration across, the microvasculature. Platelets and
      PMNLs likely coassociate on the vessel wall, and this interaction may influence
      the course of inflammation.

PMID- 6361378
TI  - Generalised infection in tuberculoid cases?

PMID- 6361379
TI  - Observations on the culture of M. leprae in Medium V. A preliminary report.
AB  - This paper reports the preliminary findings of an investigation using Medium V
      for culture of M. leprae. The medium was prepared adhering to the procedures
      adopted by Veeraraghavan. Tissues from 7 cases of lepromatous leprosy
      (Bacteriological Index of 3 or more) were inoculated into Medium V and incubated
      at 8-10 degrees C for 72 hours. Quantitative estimation of leprosy bacilli were
      made employing the enumeration technique of Veeraraghavan. There was no evidence
      of multiplication in any of the cultures. The findings are in conformity with
      those of Kato (1983) and of Katoch and Desikan (1983).

PMID- 6361380
TI  - Effect of lysozyme on Mycobacterium leprae.
AB  - Because large amounts of lysozyme are present in phagocytes, it was selected, as
      one of the bactericidal substances, to study the in vitro effects on M. leprae.
      The results obtained led the author to conclude that M. leprae is not susceptible
      to lysozyme as many other atypical as well as attenuated pathogenic mycobacteria.
      This resistance of M. leprae to lysozyme was seen up to a level of 100-500
      micrograms per ml, while levels of 1000 micrograms and more had very significant
      effect; the ATP content of such treated M. leprae declined to 30% of the original
      levels in 5 days of incubation at 37 degrees C, with optimum pH of 6.0, and these
      M. leprae after such exposure to lysozyme failed to multiply in the foot pads of
      mice. The interpretation of these results, though not definitive, have been
      discussed.

PMID- 6361381
TI  - Histopathological evidence of indeterminate leprosy in apparently uninvolved skin
      of entire spectrum of leprosy.
AB  - Indeterminate histopathology with nerve involvement was seen in clinically
      uninvolved skin in 100% cases, irrespective of clinical type. This was an
      interesting observation for TT and BT cases: in such cases, it might be a
      reflection of the disease process which is generalised right from the beginning.

PMID- 6361382
TI  - Bacillaemia in lepra reaction: its correlation with liver pathology.
AB  - Thirty patients of lepromatous leprosy in a state of reaction (ENL) were studied
      for bacillaemia and a correlation was made with liver pathology. Buffy coat
      smears were examined in all, eliminating as far as possible the chances of
      contamination of blood by the skin bacilli. Thirteen out of thirty patients
      showed presence of acid fast bacilli (AFB) in the buffy coat smear. Hepatic
      involvement in the form of leprous granuloma was observed in all, of which 93.3%
      showed presence of AFB. It is concluded that during reaction the possibility of
      heightened bacillaemia is less likely and that the systemic spread of infection
      is not accentuated during the bouts of reaction.

PMID- 6361383
TI  - How much non-infectious are the "non-infectious" lepromatous leprosy patients?
AB  - Nose forms an important site at which the M. leprae in lepromatous leprosy (LL)
      patients lodge and multiply. Nose forms an important reservoir for M. leprae,
      from where they may be transmitted to healthy contacts. Inspite of realizing the
      above fact, nose does not normally receive due importance during the chemotherapy
      of leprosy. LL patients, after regular treatment with dapsone or rifampin for
      about 20 wks and 3 wks respectively are normally considered non-infectious. From
      the present investigation it is clear that local treatment of the ones with a
      bactericidal agent should perhaps be necessary during chemotherapy of LL patients
      to make them non-infectious and to control the transmission of the disease.

PMID- 6361384
TI  - Examination of nasal mucous membrane biopsies.

PMID- 6361385
TI  - Neutral proteinase activity in skeletal muscle from thermally injured rats.
AB  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats that received 60% total body surface, full-thickness,
      scald burns on the dorsum and abdomen were used in this study. Neutral proteinase
      and Ca2+-activated neutral proteinase activities were measured in gastrocnemius
      and soleus muscles at 3 and 21 days after the thermal injury. Neutral proteinase
      activity decreased significantly in the soleus (50%) and gastrocnemius (46%)
      muscles on the third postburn day. Ca2+-activated neutral proteinase was
      unchanged at this time. Neutral proteinase and Ca2+-activated neutral proteinase
      activities were unaltered at 21 days postinjury. These results may reflect a
      protein-sparing effect on the third postburn day which could be an early
      intracellular change prior to an increase in selected enzyme proteins during the
      hypermetabolic phase after thermal injury.

PMID- 6361387
TI  - Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

PMID- 6361386
TI  - Experimental observations on the mode of action of "intracellular" flush
      solution.
AB  - Experiments were conducted using rabbit kidneys stored on ice for 48 hr to
      elucidate the mode of action of "intracellular" flush solutions. Measurements
      were made of renal function on a shunt and they were correlated with blood flow
      and the efficiency of the mechanical expulsion of red cells. By comparison with
      unflushed, ice-stored kidneys, near complete mechanical expulsion of blood by 30
      to 60 min of continuous perfusion with hypertonic Ringer's albumin resulted in
      significantly higher blood flow with little gain in function. Similarly,
      increasing the content of nonelectrolyte in Ringer's albumin improved blood flow
      but not function. A simple flush with a low ionic strength sodium solution (LIE),
      containing impermeant anions and glucose was superior to that with Ringer's
      albumin. A high-potassium version of the low ionic strength solution (LIC) was in
      turn significantly better than LIE for kidney preservation by simple flushing and
      ice storage. These results were interpreted to mean that whereas mechanical
      flushing is a relatively minor component of the action of flush solutions, the
      major benefit results from a reduced sodium and elevated potassium content in the
      presence of impermeant anions. The primary importance of prevention of cell
      swelling by the inclusion of nonelectrolytes in "extracellular" flush solutions,
      is questioned.

PMID- 6361388
TI  - Verrucous carcinoma of the frontal sinus: a case report and review of the
      literature.
AB  - Carcinoma of the frontal sinus is rare. Treatment is controversial, and prognosis
      is poor, The etiology is unknown, although some risk factors for other paranasal
      sinus carcinomas have been identified. A 70-year-old male presented with
      proptosis and x-ray findings consistent with a mucocele of the frontal sinus. At
      operation the patient was felt to have a cholesteatoma. Pathologic diagnosis was
      verrucous carcinoma of the frontal sinus. The case is discussed and the
      literature is reviewed.

PMID- 6361390
TI  - Epididymal metastasis from prostatic cancer.
AB  - A case of prostatic adenocarcinoma metastasizing to the epididymis is described,
      and the literature is reviewed.

PMID- 6361389
TI  - Coexisting carcinoid tumor and Crohn's disease.
AB  - Several malignancies have been described occurring simultaneously with regional
      enteritis. Only four examples of coexistent carcinoid and Crohn's disease have
      been described worldwide. In this report, two new cases of simultaneous Crohn's
      disease and carcinoid tumor, diagnosed and treated within a single month, are
      presented. In one instance, a segment of terminal ileum contained regional
      enteritis, carcinoid tumor, and a small focus of adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 6361391
TI  - Hepatic leiomyosarcoma.
AB  - A case of hepatic leiomyosarcoma is reported and the literature on smooth muscle
      tumors of the liver is reviewed. All 15 patients with hepatic leiomyosarcoma
      presented initially with hepatic or abdominal mass. About half of these patients
      also had abdominal pain or weight loss or both. Elevated levels of serum alkaline
      phosphatase, SGOT, and lactic dehydrogenase were frequent but inconsistent
      findings. The prognoses appeared grave, but potentially curable. All but four
      patients died in less than 3 years. One patient was not followed. The three
      patients who were alive in follow-ups survived 8 months, 1 year, and 6.5 years,
      respectively, with no evidence of disease. All three surviving patients had
      resectable tumor and were surgically treated.

PMID- 6361392
TI  - Codon-level analysis of histone primary sequence: evidence of a repeat
      tetrapeptide origin and later inclusion of transcribed sequence.
AB  - This work is directed to the question of protein sequence conservation. By
      reference to the genetic code the aminoacyl sequence of histones H2A, H4, H3, H2B
      and H1 (fragment) were rewritten as the codon sequences. The N-terminal regions
      were set aside on the grounds of different composition and sequence. The
      remainder of the molecule could be referred to simple repeat-tetrapeptide
      proteins by codon composition (high Gxy, low xGy content) and by sequence. Random
      segments of three to six residues occur characterized by composition and sequence
      as originating from the complimentary DNA strand, i.e. as codon "transcript".
      Ancestral features are probably best seen in H3, point mutations appear to be
      more extensive in H2B and H1. Segments in reverse order in H2A and in
      "transcript" in H4 distinguish these two from the other three histones. There is
      a tenuous possibility the N-terminals also originated as repeat-tetrapeptide now
      intensively modified. At codon-level the 50S ribosomal protein (L7/L12) of E.
      coli has features in common with histones (including a palindrome-containing N
      terminal). It has the composition and sequence of a well-conserved tetrapeptide
      repeat strand (statistical support). If interpretations made here are
      substantially correct, the 50S r-protein illustrates a significant stage in
      evolution of histone codon strands.

PMID- 6361393
TI  - Powerful but limited immunosuppression for cardiac transplantation with
      cyclosporins and low-dose steroid.
AB  - Cyclosporin and low-dose prednisone provide powerful but limited
      immunosuppression for orthotopic cardiac transplantation. Optimal long-term
      survival was possible only with rescue therapy using rabbit antithymocyte
      globulin (RATG) when myocyte necrosis could not be reversed with pulse steroid
      therapy. The continued absence of rejection following rescue therapy with RATG in
      six of the last 19 patients is responsible for the improved 79% cumulative
      survival rate at 9 months compared to the 61% cumulative survival rate at 1 year
      for the initial 23 patients. The difference is that among the latter group, seven
      patients had persistent histologic rejection with focal myocyte necrosis which
      was not reversed with pulse therapy of steroids (hydrocortisone) or an increased
      dose of maintenance prednisone (30 to 40 mg/day). Three of these seven died of
      acute rejection within 3 months and four died between 8 and 13 months.
      Consequently, the cumulative survival rate of these 23 patients at 2 years was
      41%. The projected 2 year cumulative survival rate of the 19 patients should not
      decrease greatly, as new episodes of rejection have not occurred beyond 3 months
      in either group.

PMID- 6361394
TI  - [Further and continuing education of nurses in Japan; historical overview by
      literature].

PMID- 6361395
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus V: lupus nephritis.

PMID- 6361396
TI  - The influence of in vivo incubation of aged murine spleen colony-forming units on
      their proliferative capacity.
AB  - Bone marrow cells from young and old mice (C3H/HeMs) were transplanted into
      irradiated syngeneic recipients. The growth rates of spleen colonies in both
      groups were compared by measuring the mean volume of colonies. Growth rates in
      spleen colonies derived from bone marrow cells of 462-day-old mice (Y-R) were
      higher than those from 917-day-old mice (O-R). Bone marrow cells from 62-day-old
      mice and those from 642-day-old mice were injected into 112-day-old irradiated
      (950 rad) recipients and after 400 days were killed. The bone marrow cells were
      assayed for spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S) and injected into irradiated
      secondary recipients, 50-55 days of age (Y-M-R and O-M-R). The cellular age at
      testing was 462 and 1042 days, respectively. The growth rates of colonies from
      young mice (Y-M-R) and from old ones (O-M-R) were similar in contrast to the
      first experiment in which the younger CFU-S produced more rapidly growing
      colonies. These studies clearly show that CFU-S from 462-day-old mice produce
      larger splenic colonies than CFU-S from 686- or 917-day-old mice. However, spleen
      colonies formed by CFU-S with cellular ages of 462 days (62 days + 400 days in
      vivo) and 1042 (642 days + 400 days in vivo) are not significantly different,
      suggesting that "in vivo incubation" has removed some of the proliferative defect
      of the 642-day-old CFU-S.

PMID- 6361397
TI  - [Poisoning by methanol].

PMID- 6361399
TI  - [New perspectives in the diagnosis of pulmonary infections].

PMID- 6361398
TI  - [Current treatment of systematic mycoses].

PMID- 6361400
TI  - [Gram-negative bacillary meningitis in adults].

PMID- 6361401
TI  - [Postmortem microbiology].

PMID- 6361402
TI  - [The evaluation of drugs after their commercialization].

PMID- 6361403
TI  - [Pharmacologic therapy of atherosclerosis (I). Current possibilities].

PMID- 6361405
TI  - [Splenic Salmonella typhimurium abscess].

PMID- 6361404
TI  - [Alternative pathway of complement activation: molecular organization. Biological
      importance].

PMID- 6361406
TI  - [Murine typhus: clinical and serological review of 42 cases].

PMID- 6361407
TI  - [Current antimicrobial treatment of brucellosis].

PMID- 6361408
TI  - Alcohol and the blood.
AB  - Pathologic effects of ethanol on hematopoietic tissue can result directly from
      alcohol ingestion or from secondary nutritional deficiencies or hepatic disease.
      The clinician will often confront an array of overlapping syndromes in the
      alcoholic patient which involve abnormalities of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and
      platelets.

PMID- 6361409
TI  - The effects of alcohol on the endocrine system.
AB  - Male hypogonadism is the best documented endocrine effect of chronic alcoholism.
      A reversible clinical syndrome resembling Cushing's syndrome has also recently
      been described in some chronic alcoholics. The pituitary-thyroid axis is
      relatively resistant to the effects of ethanol, although mild abnormalities in
      various thyroid tests are frequently noted in the presence of alcoholic liver
      disease.

PMID- 6361410
TI  - Alcohol and the heart.
AB  - Acute alcohol ingestion can lead to alterations of either mechanical function or
      electrophysiologic properties of the heart, whereas chronic consumption can lead
      to progressive cardiac dysfunction and congestive cardiomyopathy. On the other
      hand, alcohol appears to have a protective effect for coronary artery disease
      when consumed in low amounts, although prophylactic use of alcohol is not
      recommended.

PMID- 6361411
TI  - Alcohol, alcoholism, and cancer.
AB  - Certain types of cancer are clearly associated with alcohol abuse, although the
      role of ethanol in carcinogenesis--as a carcinogen, co-carcinogen, promoter, or
      "innocent bystander"--is not known with certainty. The impact of alcohol abuse on
      the management of the patient with cancer is also discussed.

PMID- 6361412
TI  - Infections in the alcoholic.
AB  - Serious infections appear to occur more frequently in alcoholic patients.
      However, whether this is due to the effects of alcohol per se or to the other
      frequent complications of alcoholism--nutritional deficiencies, cirrhosis, and
      poor hygiene--has not been determined. The host factors that may underlie an
      increased frequency of infection in alcoholics and the clinical infectious
      syndromes associated with alcoholism are described.

PMID- 6361413
TI  - Alcohol and the respiratory tract.
AB  - Possible mechanisms by which alcohol may adversely affect the respiratory system
      are considered. Alcohol ingestion impairs glottic reflexes, and alcoholics are
      predisposed to pneumonias and lung abscesses from aspiration of oropharyngeal
      bacteria. Alcohol intoxication also increases the frequency of sleep apnea and
      may result in respiratory failure from oversedation.

PMID- 6361414
TI  - The effects of alcohol on blood pressure and electrolytes.
AB  - The interaction between alcohol abuse, changes in blood pressure, and electrolyte
      abnormalities is complex. Some effects of alcohol are seen only with acute
      ingestion, some during withdrawal, and some only in chronic drinkers. Careful
      attention to the interactions between the metabolism of various electrolytes can
      prevent unnecessary morbidity and mortality in alcoholic patients.

PMID- 6361415
TI  - Metabolism and metabolic effects of alcohol.
AB  - The author provides an excellent overview of the three major pathways for the
      metabolism of ethanol. Many of the toxic effects of ethanol can be attributed to
      two specific products, hydrogen and acetaldehyde, and these effects are explored
      in detail.

PMID- 6361416
TI  - Alcoholic hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis.
AB  - Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism following ingestion of ethanol have been
      well studied. This article focuses on alcohol-induced hypoglycemia and alcoholic
      ketoacidosis and the appropriate treatment of these disorders.

PMID- 6361417
TI  - Alcoholic liver disease.
AB  - Aggressive management to prevent alcoholic cirrhosis should include the use of
      biopsy results to diagnose and to monitor alcoholic liver disease. Guidelines for
      the interpretation of the liver biopsy are highlighted. The diagnosis, course,
      and treatment of alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis are presented in detail.

PMID- 6361418
TI  - Ethanol and the pancreas.
AB  - The acute and chronic effects of ethanol on pancreatic structure and function are
      discussed. Acute necrotizing, acute edematous, acute relapsing, chronic
      relapsing, and painless pancreatitis have an established association with ethanol
      abuse. The management of these disorders is outlined.

PMID- 6361419
TI  - Alcohol and the gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - The effects of acute and chronic ethanol ingestion on esophageal motility and the
      potential complications of these alterations are reviewed. Injury to the gastric
      mucosa and the small intestine and alterations in intestinal absorption can also
      result from alcohol abuse.

PMID- 6361420
TI  - Skeletal muscle disease in alcoholism.
AB  - Acute alcoholic myopathy, a syndrome of sudden muscle necrosis, occurs as a
      result of binge drinking, whereas chronic alcoholic myopathy is a more indolently
      evolving syndrome of proximal weakness and muscle atrophy that accompanies
      prolonged alcohol abuse. The characteristic features and management of these
      disorders are highlighted.

PMID- 6361421
TI  - [The development of obstetrics and gynecology: dramatically decreased maternal
      mortality. Far-seeing points of view in the question of abortion].

PMID- 6361422
TI  - [Internal medicine - a product of our own century].

PMID- 6361423
TI  - [The man behind the syndrome: Heinrich Quincke. A well-read, delicate internist -
      a pioneer in the lumbar puncture technic and lung surgery].

PMID- 6361424
TI  - [The first "x-ray eye" - a study of the anatomical pictures of Leonardo da
      Vinci].

PMID- 6361425
TI  - [Preventive maternal care from Chinese documents to modern maternal health
      services].

PMID- 6361426
TI  - [The man behind the Dupuytren's contracture: The wild beast of the Seine - the
      most famous surgeon of his time].

PMID- 6361427
TI  - Spina bifida: case study.

PMID- 6361428
TI  - [Evaluation of 2 methods for determining the carcinoembryonic antigen: RIA (CEA
      Oris) and ELISA (Abbott)].

PMID- 6361429
TI  - The compleat otolaryngologist: Burton Alexander Randall.
AB  - The practicing otolaryngologist and resident is the beneficiary of a highly
      organized educational system which has evolved over the past 100 years. A number
      of social, scientific and technical advances were involved in the evolution of
      these training programs; however, one of the most important developments was the
      emergence of the Clinician Educator Concept. Burton Alexander Randall was
      prominent in the profession in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth
      century and is an example of the clinician-teacher who participated in the
      development of otorhinolaryngologic instruction. His unpublished memoirs,
      recently made available, illustrate the difficulties in obtaining appropriate
      training, organizing clinical services, and establishing professional
      relationships. These interesting documents provide insight into the present and
      illustrate that although there have been great technical advances, some problems
      in interpersonal relationships remain the same.

PMID- 6361431
TI  - Cellular and subcellular events of bone resorption in human and experimental
      cholesteatoma: the role of osteoclasts.
AB  - An ultrastructural study of the interface between aural cholesteatoma and
      adjacent bone was performed on specimens obtained from human and experimental
      gerbilline cholesteatoma. When an enlarging cholesteatoma contacted bone, a large
      number of monocytes and macrophages accumulated in the area of contact. The
      intervening middle ear mucosa degenerated and bone erosion occurred. Anatomic
      evidence is provided which indicates that bone erosion in both human and
      experimental cholesteatoma occurred as a result of the action of multinucleated
      osteoclasts. These osteoclasts had the ultrastructural appearance of normal
      osteoclasts with a well developed ruffled border and large numbers of
      mitochondria. These cells stained readily with acid phosphatase stains. Although
      many other mononuclear cells were seen in the vicinity of the eroded bone, only
      the multi-nucleated osteoclasts were associated with disappearance of the bone
      surface. Osteoclasts were commonly found in experimental cholesteatoma, but were
      infrequent in human cholesteatoma biopsies, presumable because patients
      undergoing cholesteatoma surgery ara often treated with topical installations of
      corticosteroids which inhibit osteoclasts.

PMID- 6361430
TI  - Antimicrobial prophylaxis for contaminated head and neck surgery.
AB  - The use of antibiotic prophylaxis in head and neck surgery is controversial. Most
      surgeons agree that when surgery requires entry into the aerodigestive tract
      through the skin the wound is by definition contaminated and antibiotic
      prophylaxis is indicated as it is in other contaminated wounds. There is no
      general agreement as to which antibiotic or combination of antibiotics to use or
      what the schedule of dosage administration should be. In order to obtain a
      meaningful data to help in decision making, a double blind, randomized study was
      performed to investigate whether cefazolin alone or a combination of gentamicin
      and clindamycin was more effective in prophylaxis. All patients entered into the
      study underwent major oncologic head and neck surgery requiring entry into the
      upper aerodigestive tract through the skin. Patients were stratified at entry
      according to the stage of disease, surgical procedure, and the existence of a
      prior tracheotomy or prior radiation therapy. Subsequently, patients were
      randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups. Group I: Cefazolin 1 day, placebo
      day 2 to 5. Group II: Cefazolin days 1 to 5, Group III: Gentamicin and
      clindamycin 1 day, placebo days 2 to 5. Group IV: Gentamicin and clindamycin days
      1 to 5. Drugs were given intravenously beginning 3 hours preoperatively and
      continued postoperatively every 8 hours, according to the assigned schedule. All
      wounds were observed daily following surgery and were graded on a predetermined
      scale by 3 unbiased observers. Significantly wound infections occurred in 15% of
      all patients. Group I, 33%; Group II, 20%; Group III, 7%; Group IV, 4%. In Group
      III and Group IV there was a statistically significant (P less than .05)
      reduction in the rate of postoperative wound infection. Multifactorial analysis
      demonstrated that patients whose surgery included repair with a regional pectoral
      flap had a statistically significant increased chance of developing postoperative
      wound infection (P less than .05). Patients undergoing laryngectomy, with or
      without neck dissection, were at less risk of postoperative infection tham
      patients undergoing oropharyngeal resection (P less than .05). The preoperative
      existence of tracheotomy or prior radiation therapy had no demonstrable effect on
      the incidence of wound infection postoperatively in this study.

PMID- 6361432
TI  - [Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Rapid development with much
      controversy].

PMID- 6361433
TI  - Nursing revisited: Mary M. Riddle (1856-1936).

PMID- 6361434
TI  - Nursing revisited: memories - Armistice and suffrage.

PMID- 6361435
TI  - District nurses celebrate nursing's past.

PMID- 6361436
TI  - The Massachusetts nurses Association eighty years young.

PMID- 6361437
TI  - Incest--a review of the literature.

PMID- 6361438
TI  - [Nurses in the control of a diphtheria epidemic].

PMID- 6361439
TI  - Responses to continuous and intermittent exercise in healthy and insulin
      dependent diabetic children.
AB  - The hormonal (growth hormone, glucagon, cortisol) and metabolic (glucose, ketone
      bodies) responses to 30 min of continuous vs 30 min of intermittent exercise were
      evaluated in five male children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
      and five healthy male children. Each subject performed both types of exercise. In
      the healthy children, growth hormone levels rose, and glucose, glucagon,
      cortisol, and ketone bodies remained unchanged during both continuous and
      intermittent exercise. In the IDDM subjects, the mean reductions in glucose
      concentration were 99 mg% and 84 mg% during continuous and intermittent exercise,
      respectively. The levels of cortisol and ketone bodies in the IDDM subjects were
      significantly (P less than 0.05) elevated above the values obtained in the
      healthy subjects irrespective of the type of exercise. The mean concentrations of
      growth hormone, glucagon, cortisol, and ketone bodies were not significantly
      different between continuous and intermittent exercise. The study concludes that
      in healthy children the hormonal and metabolic responses to a continuous and an
      intermittent exercise protocol are similar. In the IDDM subjects, however, both
      forms of physical activity are associated with a decline in plasma glucose and no
      significant differences in hormonal and metabolic responses.

PMID- 6361440
TI  - Endurance improved by ingestion of a glucose polymer supplement.
AB  - The effect of glucose polymer (GP) ingestion upon endurance performance during
      walking exercise at 45% VO2max was examined. Also, performance on a battery of
      psychomotor tests was assessed to determine if exhaustion from endurance exercise
      was related to central nervous system dysfunction. Ten trained male subjects
      ingested approximately 120 g of GP in four equally-divided dosages 60, 90, 120,
      and 150 min following the start of exercise. This treatment significantly
      increased time to exhaustion by 11.5% as compared to the control (C) group
      (GP=299.0 +/- 9.8 min; C=268.3 +/- 11.8 min). No difference in VO2 (1 X min-1) or
      perceived exertion was noted between treatments. As a result of the GP feedings
      the rate of carbohydrate utilization during the GP trial was 0.53 g X min-1
      greater than during the C trial. However, during the GP trial plasma glucose did
      not fall below the pre-exercise level and was significantly higher than the C
      plasma glucose concentration at exhaustion. No differences in psychomotor
      performance between treatments or between rested and exhausted states for either
      the C or GP treatments were noted. These data suggest that exhaustion was not a
      result of hypoglycemia or central nervous system dysfunction and that glucose
      polymer supplements may enhance endurance capacity.

PMID- 6361441
TI  - [The classic penicillins are holding the line].

PMID- 6361442
TI  - [Neuromuscular disorders in chronic renal failure].

PMID- 6361443
TI  - [The vogue in medication].

PMID- 6361444
TI  - [Klebsiella and its involvement in infantile diarrhea: an evaluation].

PMID- 6361445
TI  - A simple method to purify biologically and antigenically preserved bloodstream
      trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi using DEAE-cellulose columns.

PMID- 6361446
TI  - The physiologic and pharmacologic factors protecting the lens transparency and
      the update approach to the prevention of experimental cataracts: a review.
AB  - In this review some of the so far identified mechanisms implicated in
      experimental and human cataractogenesis are reviewed. The oxidative insult, the
      osmotic insult (sugar cataracts and ionic imbalance cataracts), the role of
      tryptophan, of lysophosphatidylcholine and docohexanoic acid in primary and
      secondary cataracts are summarized. It is not always possible to identify the
      primary effect of cataractogenic mechanisms: the human "idiopathic" cataract is
      probably a multifactorial disease. In the aging lens and under stress conditions
      (osmotic and oxidative) the physiologic defense systems of the lens appear to be
      inadequate. Even if conditions of avitaminosis aren't the cause of deterioration
      of the adult human lens, it has been demonstrated that the supplementation or the
      deficiency of some nutritional factors may influence the course of cataract.

PMID- 6361447
TI  - The state of sulphydryl groups in lenses of insulin-induced hypoglycemic rats.
AB  - The level of non-protein sulphydryl compounds (NP-SH) and protein sulphydryls (P
      SH) was investigated in lenses of rats with an acute and extended insulin induced
      hypoglycemia. No difference was found in the level of NP-SH between the controls
      and the rats with an acute hypoglycemia induced by cristalline insulin. After 10
      hours of hypoglycemia induced by NPH insulin, the decrease of NP-SH was very
      significant (P less than 0.001). The level of P-SH in lenses of the animals
      treated with cristalline insulin was found to be lower than in the controls (P
      less than 0.01), the difference being more significant in the animals treated
      with NPH insulin (P less than 0.001). The possible reason for these findings is
      discussed.

PMID- 6361448
TI  - The relative contribution of the nervous system, hormones, and metabolites to the
      total insulin response during a meal in the rat.
AB  - An attempt was made to quantitatively determine the relative contribution of the
      nervous system, hormonal factors, and metabolites to the total peripheral plasma
      insulin response (integrated incremental area) during a ten-minute liquid meal in
      conscious freely moving rats. The neurally mediated insulin response, as measured
      in the gastric-fistula bearing sham-feeding rat, amounted to at least 26%. The
      possible contribution of neural mechanisms triggered by the gastric, intestinal,
      and postabsorptive phases of the meal were, however, not determined. Hormonal
      factors were found to contribute at least 30% to the total insulin response on
      the basis of the insulin response to real feeding in atropinized rats, in the
      absence of any increases of plasma glucose and with only small elevations of
      plasma alpha-amino nitrogen. A possible atropine-suppressible hormonal factor was
      not isolated in the present study. Finally, the relative contribution of rising
      plasma glucose as determined by intravenous glucose infusions was found to amount
      to no more than 20%; however, the contribution of rising plasma amino acids was
      not determined. Thus, 23% of the total insulin response could not be segregated,
      but it is thought that a good part of it can be attributed to synergistic
      mechanisms. Because of such interactions, the sum of the effects of the isolated
      factors is less than the effect of the combined factors.

PMID- 6361449
TI  - Relationship of body fat topography to insulin sensitivity and metabolic profiles
      in premenopausal women.
AB  - The relationship of body fat distribution to metabolic profiles was determined in
      80 healthy premenopausal white women of a wide range of obesity levels
      [percentage of ideal body weight (% IBW) 92-251]. Distribution of fat between the
      upper and lower body was assessed from the waist/hips girth ratio (WHR), which
      varied from 0.64 to 1.02. In 23 women, in vivo insulin sensitivity was also
      determined from the steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) level at comparable
      insulin levels of approximately 100 microU/mL attained by the intravenous
      infusion of somatostatin, glucose, and insulin. Increasing WHR was accompanied by
      progressively increasing fasting plasma insulin levels (r = 0.47, P less than
      0.001), insulin and glucose areas after glucose challenge (r = 0.53, P less than
      0.001; r = 0.50, P less than 0.001, respectively) and fasting plasma triglyceride
      concentrations (r = 0.48, P less than 0.001). Obesity level was similarly
      correlated with these metabolic indices. Partial and multiple regression analysis
      and analysis of variance with a linear contrast model revealed that the effects
      of body fat topography were independent of, and additive to, those of obesity
      level. Within obese subjects alone (%IBW: 130), %IBW had no predictive value, but
      WHR remained a significant predictor of plasma glucose, insulin, and triglyceride
      concentrations. The WHR also correlated with the plasma cholesterol level, but
      this association was largely dependent on its relationship to %IBW. Both WHR and
      %IBW correlated with the insulin resistance index, SSPG (r = 0.60, P less than
      0.01; r = 0.61, P less than 0.01, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6361450
TI  - Effect of diabetes and insulin therapy on human mononuclear leukocyte lysosomal
      acid lipase activity.
AB  - Acid lipase activity was measured in mononuclear leukocytes obtained from 18
      newly diagnosed type-I diabetics and from six newly diagnosed type-II diabetics
      before and five to ten days after the initiation of insulin therapy. Using either
      4-methylumbelliferyl oleate or cholesteryl[1-14C]oleate as substrate for the
      enzyme assays, acid lipase activity in the diabetics was not found to be
      significantly different from that in the controls, significantly less (P less
      than 0.05) after insulin therapy in type-I diabetics, and unchanged following
      treatment in the type-II patients. These results differ from those found in
      previous studies of acid lipase activity in type-II diabetics, in whom insulin
      therapy evoked a doubling of enzyme activity. The effect of insulin treatment on
      the activity of lysosomal acid lipase requires further evaluation.

PMID- 6361451
TI  - Immunoprecipitation of proteins from cell-free translations.
AB  - A typical procedure for immunoprecipitating a protein (abundance ca 0.5%)
      synthesized in the wheat germ cell-free system is summarized below. 1. Two
      microliters of 25% SDS are added to 48 microliters of translation reaction
      mixture, and the sample is heated to 100 degrees for 4 min. 2. Four volumes
      (i.e., 200 microliters) of dilution buffer at 4 degrees are added to the above
      sample. Dilution buffer is 1.25% Triton X-100, 190 mM NaCl, 60 mM Tris-HCl, pH
      7.4, 6 mM EDTA, 10 units of Trasylol per milliliter. 3. Five microliters of
      appropriate antisera are added, and the sample is incubated for at least 12 hr at
      4 degrees. 4. The sample is spun for 2 min in a microcentrifuge, and the
      supernatant is transferred to a fresh tube. 5. Thirty microliters of a 1 : 1
      suspension of protein A-Sepharose CL-4B (15 microliters of packed beads) are
      added, and the sample is incubated with end-over-end mixing at room temperature
      for 2 hr. 6. The Sepharose beads are pelleted by a 10-sec centrifugation in the
      microcentrifuge, and the supernatant is aspirated. 7. The beads are washed four
      times in 1 ml, per wash, of 0.1% Triton X-100, 0.02% SDS, 150 mM NaCl, 50 mM Tris
      HCl, pH 7.5, 5 mM EDTA, 10 units of Trasylol per milliliter at room temperature
      with vortexing at each wash. 8. The beads are given a final wash with the above
      solution not containing detergent, and the supernatant is aspirated as completely
      as possible with a drawn-out Pasteur pipette. 9. Forty microliters of SDS-gel
      electrophoresis sample buffer containing 50 mM DTT are added to the beads, and
      the sample is heated for 4 min in a boiling water bath. 10. Free--SH groups are
      blocked by adding 10 microliters of 1.0 M iodoacetamide in sample buffer and
      incubating for 45 min at 37 degrees. 11. The beads are centrifuged out, and the
      supernatant is applied to an SDS-polyacrylamide slab gel.

PMID- 6361452
TI  - Use of proteases for the study of membrane insertion.

PMID- 6361453
TI  - Identifying primary translation products: use of N-formylmethionyl-tRNA and
      prevention of NH2-terminal acetylation.

PMID- 6361454
TI  - Peptide mapping in one dimension by limited proteolysis of sodium dodecyl sulfate
      solubilized proteins.

PMID- 6361455
TI  - Methods for study of the synthesis and maturation of the erythrocyte anion
      transport protein.

PMID- 6361456
TI  - Glycophorin A: in vitro biogenesis and processing.

PMID- 6361457
TI  - Acetylcholinesterase biosynthesis and transport in tissue culture.
AB  - The enzyme acetylcholinesterase consists of a family of molecular forms differing
      in subunit composition, solubility properties, and subcellular location. The use
      of a variety of reversible or irreversible active site-directed ligands with
      different membrane permeability properties permits the selective inactivation of
      separate pools of enzyme molecules. The application of these inhibitors together
      with standard biochemical techniques has permitted a detailed characterization of
      the synthesis and metabolism of the secretory and membrane-bound
      acetylcholinesterase in tissue-cultured cells. These techniques, with minor
      modifications and appropriate controls, can also be applied to the study of AChE
      metabolism in organ culture and in vivo.

PMID- 6361458
TI  - Use of the heavy-isotope density-shift method to investigate insulin receptor
      synthesis, turnover, and processing.

PMID- 6361459
TI  - Transport of virus membrane glycoproteins, use of temperature-sensitive mutants
      and organelle-specific lectins.

PMID- 6361460
TI  - Immunocytochemistry of retinal membrane protein biosynthesis at the electron
      microscopic level by the albumin embedding technique.

PMID- 6361461
TI  - Biosynthesis of Sindbis virus membrane glycoproteins in vitro.

PMID- 6361462
TI  - Biogenesis of peroxisomal content proteins: in vivo and in vitro studies.

PMID- 6361463
TI  - Inhibitors of lysosomal function.

PMID- 6361464
TI  - Applications of amino acid analogs for studying co- and posttranslational
      modifications of proteins.

PMID- 6361465
TI  - Quantitative assay for signal peptidase.

PMID- 6361466
TI  - Yeast secretory mutants: isolation and characterization.

PMID- 6361467
TI  - Synthesis and assembly of the outer membrane proteins OmpA and OmpF of
      Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6361468
TI  - Isolation of mutants of the major outer membrane lipoprotein of Escherichia coli
      for the study of its assembly.

PMID- 6361469
TI  - Analysis of M13 procoat assembly into membranes in vitro.

PMID- 6361470
TI  - Insertion of proteins into bacterial membranes.

PMID- 6361472
TI  - Lactose permease of Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6361471
TI  - Influence of membrane potential on the insertion and transport of proteins in
      bacterial membranes.

PMID- 6361473
TI  - Assessing import of proteins into mitochondria: an overview.

PMID- 6361474
TI  - Pulse labeling of yeast cells and spheroplasts.

PMID- 6361475
TI  - Import of polypeptides into isolated yeast mitochondria.

PMID- 6361476
TI  - A yeast mitochondrial chelator-sensitive protease that processes cytoplasmically
      synthesized protein precursors: isolation from yeast and assay.

PMID- 6361477
TI  - Transformation of nuclear respiratory deficient mutants of yeast.

PMID- 6361478
TI  - Genetics and biogenesis of cytochrome b.
AB  - We have reviewed here the genetic methods used for isolating and manipulating
      nuclear and mitochondrial mutants of bakers' yeast that affect the function and
      biogenesis of complex III of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. All the methods
      have been used with success in the past, and it is hoped that this compilation
      will aid biochemists in using these techniques to study electron transfer.

PMID- 6361479
TI  - Synthesis and intracellular transport of mitochondrial matrix proteins in rat
      liver: studies in vivo and in vitro.

PMID- 6361480
TI  - Purification and characterization of leader peptidase from Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6361481
TI  - Protein synthesis by isolated plant mitochondria.

PMID- 6361482
TI  - Pulse-labeling studies of membrane assembly and protein secretion in intact
      cells: M13 coat protein.

PMID- 6361483
TI  - Preparation of free and membrane-bound polysomes from Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6361484
TI  - Analysis of cotranslational proteolytic processing of nascent chains using two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 6361485
TI  - PaperChase: computerized bibliographic retrieval to answer clinical questions.

PMID- 6361486
TI  - Immunological studies of Escherichia coli mutants lacking one or two ribosomal
      proteins.
AB  - A battery of immunological tests were used to investigate mutants which had been
      determined as lacking one or two ribosomal proteins on the basis of two
      dimensional polyacrylamide gels. Proteins which were confirmed as missing from
      the ribosome in one or more mutants were large subunit proteins L1, L15, L19,
      L24, L27, L28, L30 and L33 and small subunit proteins S1, S9, S17 and S20. Cross
      reacting material (CRM) was also absent from the post-ribosomal supernatant
      except in the case of protein S1. Since mutants lacking protein L11 have been
      previously described, any one of 13 of the 52 ribosomal proteins can be missing.
      None of these 13 proteins, except S1, can therefore have an indispensable role in
      ribosome function or assembly. In several mutants in which a protein was not
      missing but altered, it was present as several moieties of differing charge and
      size.

PMID- 6361487
TI  - Stability of a cloned gene in yeast grown in chemostat culture.
AB  - A study has been made of the stability of LEU2, a cloned chromosomal gene of
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae, when reintroduced into yeast on a number of plasmid
      vectors which permit a chromosomal or episomal location for the gene in either
      high or low copy number. Glucose-limited continuous culture was employed to
      ensure that there was no selection for the inserted gene. Both the rate of
      segregation of plasmid minus cells and the effect of the plasmid on host growth
      rate were found to determine plasmid stability which, in many cases, could be
      predicted by simple mathematical models. The presence or absence of the
      endogenous 2 mu plasmid of yeast was found to have an important influence on the
      stability of 2 mu-based vectors. This led to the discovery that, for the host
      strain used, the presence of 2 mu sequences represented a selective advantage for
      the cells.

PMID- 6361488
TI  - Site-specific recombination following conjugation in Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - In accord with the observations of other workers, unselected marker analysis of
      Escherichia coli K-12 transconjugants isolated from matings involving several
      different Hfr strains as donors has shown that most genetic exchanges are
      clustered either near the selected marker or near the origin of the transferred
      Hfr DNA. The present work increases the number of Hfr strains tested and shows
      that the clustering of the recombinational events near the origin of transfer is
      statistically significant. It is proposed that this clustering of genetic
      exchanges is due to the action of a unique recombination system (site-specific
      conjugal recombination or ssr) which recognizes the early transferred portion of
      the F plasmid and catalyzes a genetic exchange in or near the adjacent bacterial
      DNA. Twelve Hfr strains representing eleven different points of origin were
      tested, and only KL16 and Ra-1 did not demonstrate the typical clustering of
      genetic exchanges. Since these strains share a common transfer origin, they may
      represent spontaneous mutations affecting the ssr system.

PMID- 6361489
TI  - recA+ gene-dependent regulation of a uvrD::lacZ fusion in Escherichia coli K12.
AB  - The expression of the Escherichia coli uvrD gene was studied with a
      uvrD::Mud(Aprlac) insertion mutant. The results indicate that it is inducible by
      DNA damaging agents in a recA+ gene-dependent manner.

PMID- 6361490
TI  - Studies on the genetic regulation of cytochrome P-450 production in Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae.
AB  - An initial survey of 18 haploid strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed that
      only 3 of these strains could produce a detectable level of cytochrome P-450. A
      cross between a cytochrome P-450 producing strain of S. cerevisiae (B/B) and a
      non-producing strain (D22) gave a diploid which was a non-producer and a 2:2
      segregation of producers to non-producers in meiotic tetrads. Of the two
      producers in each tetrad, one produced a higher level of cytochrome P-450 than
      the other. We deduce that cytochrome P-450 production in S. cerevisiae is
      regulated by a single nuclear gene and that a modifier gene is also involved
      which can enhance the amount of cytochrome P-450 synthesized. Benzo(a)pyrene (an
      inducer of P-450 in yeast) had no effect on the action of the regulatory gene.

PMID- 6361491
TI  - The intron of the mitochondrial 21S rRNA gene: distribution in different yeast
      species and sequence comparison between Kluyveromyces thermotolerans and
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - We have screened numerous different yeast species for the presence of sequences
      homologous to the intron of the mitochondrial 21S rRNA gene of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae (intron r1) and found them in all Kluyveromyces species, some of the
      Saccharomyces species and none of the other yeasts tested. We have determined the
      nucleotide sequence of the r1-intron in K. thermotolerans and compared it with
      that of S. cerevisiae. The two introns are inserted at the same position within
      the 21S rRNA gene. They contain homologous internal open reading frames (ORFs)
      initiated at the same AUG codon which can be aligned over their entire length.
      Several silent multi-substitutions indicate that these intronic ORFs represent
      selectively conserved functional genes. Other intron segments, on the contrary,
      reveal short blocks of extensive homology separated by non-homologous stretches
      and/or additions-deletions. Comparison of our two yeast r1-introns with
      equivalent introns of N. crassa and A. nidulans mitochondria reveals that introns
      with very similar RNA secondary structures can accommodate different types of
      ORFs.

PMID- 6361492
TI  - Increased expression of the dnaA gene has no effect on DNA replication in a dnaA+
      strain of Escherichia coli.
AB  - We have constructed a pBR322 plasmid derivative which expresses dnaA protein
      under the control of the E. coli lac UV5 promotor. Expression of the dnaA protein
      from the plasmid is inducible by isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside. In a dnaA+
      strain induction has no effect on the accumulation of DNA. In contrast, in a
      thermosensitive dnaA46 strain, induction, at either the permissive or the
      nonpermissive temperature, results in an immediate stimulation of DNA
      accumulation. We conclude that, while in a dnaA46 strain dnaA protein limits DNA
      replication, in a dnaA+ strain dnaA protein activity does not control the timing
      of replication initiation.

PMID- 6361493
TI  - Role of the E. coli umuC gene product in the repair of single-stranded DNA phage.
AB  - The umuC product of Escherichia coli has been suggested to have a central role in
      SOS induced error prone replication of DNA (Kato and Shinoura 1977). To
      investigate this possibility, we examined the effect of umuC mutations on error
      prone repair of single and double-stranded DNA phages. No Weigle reactivation of
      M13 phage was detected in a umuC mutant. Reactivation of lambda phage was reduced
      but still evident. However mutagenesis occurred in both cases. These results
      suggest that induced error prone replication of phage DNA can occur via umuC
      dependent (transdimer synthesis) and umuC independent mechanisms.

PMID- 6361494
TI  - Frameshift mutations induced by an Escherichia coli strain carrying a mutator
      gene, mutD5.
AB  - We have studied eight frameshift mutations induced by the Escherichia coli
      mutator allele mutD5 in a derivative of the bacteriophage M13mp8, carrying an
      insertion of 91 base pairs derived from the tetR gene of pBR 322. All mutations
      were analyzed by the dideoxy sequencing method and were found to be deletions of
      a GC base pair which occurred in regions characterized by the presence of at
      least two GC base pairs. We have attempted to explain these results by the
      looping-out model, which was previously proposed to unify the results obtained
      with mutD5.

PMID- 6361495
TI  - Comparison of ribosomal proteins of chloroplast from spinach and of E. coli.
AB  - A comparison of ribosomal proteins from Escherichia coli and from chloroplasts of
      Spinach was made using two separate methods: electrophoretic migration and
      immunochemical cross-reaction between blotted E. coli ribosomal proteins and
      chloroplast ribosomal subunits antisera. It is shown that L2 from E. coli (E-L2)
      and L4 from chloroplasts (CS-L4) comigrated and that E-L2 immunologically cross
      reacted with the isolated CS-L4 antibody. Co-migration was observed for three
      additional couples of 50S ribosomal proteins. It is also shown that at least one
      30S E. coli ribosomal protein immuno-cross reacted with a 30S chloroplast
      antiserum and that three couples of 30S ribosomal proteins comigrated.

PMID- 6361497
TI  - Benomyl prevents nuclear fusion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Benomyl prevents nuclear fusion in mating mixtures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
      Cytoductants, heterokaryons and diploids may be recovered from these mixtures.

PMID- 6361498
TI  - Cell cycle parameters in radiation sensitive strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Cell cycle parameters in different radiation-sensitive strains of diploid yeast
      were determined by flow cytofluorometry. The cell generation time was increased
      in homozygous rad2 and rad51 mutants but was not significantly different from the
      wild type in rad9 and rad6 mutants. All mutants had a longer G1-phase than the
      wild type. A lengthened S-phase was found in rad2 cells. Rad51 mutants displayed
      a considerably longer duration of G2.

PMID- 6361496
TI  - Repair of UV-irradiated plasmid DNA in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae rad3 mutant
      deficient in excision-repair of pyrimidine dimers.
AB  - The repair of UV-irradiated DNA of plasmid pBB29 was studied in an incision
      defective rad3-2 strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in a uvrA6 strain of
      Escherichia coli by the measurement of cell transformation. Plasmid pBB29 used in
      these experiments contained as markers the DNA of nuclear yeast gene LEU-2 and
      DNA of the bacterial plasmid pBR327 with resistance to Tet and Amp enabling
      simultaneous screening of transformant cells in both microorganisms. We found
      that the yeast rad3-2 mutant, deficient in incision of UV-induced pyrimidine
      dimers in nuclear DNA, was fully capable of repairing such lesions in plasmid
      DNA. The repair efficiency was comparable to that of the wild-type cells. The E.
      coli uvrA6 mutant, deficient in a specific nuclease for pyrimidine dimer excision
      from chromosomal DNA, was unable to repair UV-damaged plasmid DNA. The difference
      in repair capacity between the uvrA6 mutant strain and the wild-type strain was
      of several thousand-fold. It seems that the rad3 mutation, which confers
      deficiency in the DNA excision-repair system in yeast, is limited only to the
      nuclear DNA.

PMID- 6361499
TI  - Missense and nonsense suppressors derived from a glycine tRNA by nucleotide
      insertion and deletion in vivo.
AB  - Beginning with a missense suppressor tRNA and a nonsense suppressor tRNA, both in
      Escherichia coli and each containing an extra nucleotide in the anticodon loop,
      we generated new suppressors in vivo by spontaneous deletion of specific
      nucleotides from the anticodon loop. In one experiment, the new suppressor was
      generated by a double mutational event, base substitution and nucleotide
      deletion. A novel ochre suppressor is also described. It is very efficient in
      nonsense suppression but has no ms2i6 modification of the A residue on the 3'
      side of the anticodon. The results have important implications for tRNA structure
      function relationships, tRNA recognition by tRNA-modifying enzymes, mechanisms of
      deletion mutation, and tRNA evolution.

PMID- 6361500
TI  - Promoter selectivity of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. II: Altered promoter
      selection by mutant holoenzymes.
AB  - Using the in vitro mixed transcription system (Kajitani and Ishihama (1983a,
      1983b), we examined selective transcription of truncated DNA templates carrying
      lac(UV5), rrnE or rpsA promoters by RNA polymerase holoenzymes from pairs of wild
      type parents and mutants with a mutation in one or more RNA polymerase subunit
      genes. The promoter selectivity of RNA polymerases from two sigma-subunit mutants
      carrying either rpoD2 or rpoD285 differed markedly from that of the respective
      wild-type enzymes. Both the parental RNA polymerases, however, exhibited abnormal
      promoter selectivity compared with holoenzymes from various wild-type E. coli
      strains. On the other hand, all the RNA polymerases from rpoB and/or rpoC mutants
      and the respective wild-type parents were similar, if not identical, in promoter
      selection at low temperature. At high temperature, however, RNA polymerases from
      mutants carrying rpoB2B7 and rpoC4, affecting the beta and beta' subunits,
      respectively, showed decreased transcription from the high-affinity slow
      transcribable promoter rrnEp2 whereas the rpoC92 and rpoB906 X rpoC907 mutant
      enzymes both lost transcription activity from the strong promoter lacP(UV5).
      Taking all these observations together we conclude that not only the sigma
      subunit but also the beta and beta' subunits are involved in the recognition of
      promoters.

PMID- 6361502
TI  - Medicaid task force considers non-MDs as care-givers.

PMID- 6361501
TI  - Genetic and physical maps of Klebsiella aerogenes genes for histidine utilization
      (hut).
AB  - Deletion derivatives of the hut-containing plasmid pCB101 were tested against
      point mutants defective in individual genes of the histidine utilization (hut)
      operons using a complementation/recombination assay. Location of the genes of the
      right operon, hutU and hutH, was confirmed by direct assay of the gene products,
      urocanase and histidase; location of the repressor gene was identified by
      measuring the ability of the plasmid-carried genes to repress the formation of
      histidase from a chromosomal location. The analysis of eight deletion plasmids
      unambiguously confirms the map order of the hut genes as hutI-G-C-U-H, and
      demonstrates that, in Klebsiella aerogenes, the hutU and hutH genes are
      transcribed from their own promoter. In addition, the genetic map of hut can be
      aligned with the restriction map of the hut DNA in plasmid pCB101. One of the
      deletion plasmids studied apparently encodes a defective histidase subunit that
      is trans-dominant to active histidase. Another deletion, which completely removes
      the left operon, hutIG, allows high level expression of the hutUH operon and thus
      overproduction of a toxic intermediate.

PMID- 6361503
TI  - MSMS. Special report.

PMID- 6361504
TI  - PPSP having an effect on utilization rates.

PMID- 6361506
TI  - Selective iodine imaging using lanthanum K fluorescence.
AB  - Time-dependent subtraction techniques have tremendously improved the
      visualization of iodinated vessels. These techniques suffer from motion
      artifacts, however, since the mask image is acquired several seconds prior to the
      contrast image. A K-edge subtraction technique for selectively imaging iodine
      using the characteristic x rays from a lanthanum secondary target is presented.
      The K alpha lines of lanthanum closely straddle the K edge of iodine. A
      prepatient iodine filter will alter the ratio of K alpha 1 to K alpha 2
      intensities; by subtracting two images made with different K alpha 1/K alpha 2
      ratios, iodinated structures can be isolated. Since the method requires no mask
      image, motion artifacts are reduced. Preliminary images acquired with an image
      intensifier/photodiode array detector system are shown. Theoretical performance
      of this method is compared to other iodine-selective imaging techniques on the
      basis of exposure and dose. The feasibility of using lanthanum K fluorescence for
      rapid clinical iodine-selective imaging is discussed.

PMID- 6361505
TI  - Our greatest challenge: keeping Medicare solvent.

PMID- 6361507
TI  - Prospectively gated cardiac computed tomography.
AB  - A fourth-generation scanner has been modified to perform prospectively gated
      cardiac computed tomography (CT). A computer program monitors the
      electrocardiogram (ECG) and predicts when to initiate the next scan in a gated
      series in order to acquire all projection data for a desired phase of the heart
      cycle. The system has been tested with dogs and has produced cross-sectional
      images of all phases of the cardiac cycle. Eight to ten scans per series were
      sufficient to obtain reproducible images of each transverse section in the end
      diastolic and end-systolic phases. The radiation dose to the skin was
      approximately 1.4 cGy per scan. The prospectively gated system is more than twice
      as efficient as a retrospectively gated system in obtaining complete angular
      projection data for a 10% heart cycle window. A temporal smoothing technique to
      suppress reconstruction artifacts due to sorting inconsistent projection data was
      developed and evaluated. Image noise was reduced by averaging together any
      overlapping projection data. Prospectively gated cardiac CT has also been used to
      demonstrate that the error in attenuation measured with a single nongated CT scan
      through the heart can be as large as 50-60 CT numbers outside the heart in the
      lung field.

PMID- 6361508
TI  - Amino acid metabolism by the kidney.

PMID- 6361509
TI  - Renal lipid metabolism.

PMID- 6361510
TI  - Renal metabolism of peptide hormones.

PMID- 6361511
TI  - pH control of lactic acid and keto acid production: a mechanism of acid-base
      regulation.

PMID- 6361512
TI  - [Recurrent cystitis in female children: urodynamic aspects].

PMID- 6361513
TI  - [Spina bifida. Value of intermittent catheterization and drug therapy in the
      treatment of neurologic bladder in children].

PMID- 6361514
TI  - [Adenocarcinoma of the urachus. Report of a case and review of literature].

PMID- 6361515
TI  - Medicaid cost containment in Minnesota. Long term care reimbursement.

PMID- 6361517
TI  - Effects of theophylline on insulin receptors and insulin action in the adipocyte.
AB  - The effects of theophylline on insulin receptors and insulin action in isolated
      rat adipocytes were studied. Theophylline reduced insulin binding by a decrease
      of receptor affinity. As concentration-response curves revealed, the effect was
      paralleled by a reduction of the cellular ATP content. Basal as well as insulin
      stimulated glucose transport (2-deoxyglucose and 3-O-methylglucose uptake) were
      inhibited by much smaller theophylline concentrations (0.15-0.6 mM) than those
      necessary to reduce insulin binding and to lower ATP levels (1-4.8 mM), or to
      stimulate lipolysis (0.3-2.4 mM). Insulin fully antagonized the effect of
      theophylline on lipolysis but failed to reverse the inhibition of glucose
      transport completely. The results suggest that (a) theophylline impairs insulin
      action at a post-receptor level and, at higher concentrations, by a decrease of
      receptor binding, (b) the reduction of insulin receptor affinity probably
      reflects ATP depletion of the adipocyte, and (c) the xanthine inhibits glucose
      transport independently from its effects on lipolysis.

PMID- 6361516
TI  - Structural and functional properties of the non-muscle tropomyosins.
AB  - The non-muscle tropomyosins (TMs), isolated from such tissues as platelets, brain
      and thyroid, are structurally very similar to the muscle TMs, being composed of
      two highly alpha-helical subunits wound around each other to form a rod-like
      molecule. The non-muscle TMs are shorter than the muscle TMs; sequence analysis
      demonstrates that each subunit of equine platelet TM consists of 247 amino acids,
      37 fewer than for skeletal muscle TM. The major differences in sequence between
      platelet and skeletal muscle TM are found near the amino and carboxyl terminal
      ends of the proteins. Probably as the result of such alterations, the non-muscle
      TMs aggregate in a linear end-to-end manner much more weakly than do the muscle
      TMs. Since end-to-end interactions are responsible for the highly cooperative
      manner in which TM binds to actin, the non-muscle TMs have a lower affinity for
      actin filaments than do the muscle TMs. However, the attachment of other proteins
      to actin (e.g. the Tn-I subunit of skeletal muscle troponin or the S-1
      subfragment of skeletal muscle myosin) can increase the affinity of actin
      filaments for non-muscle TM. The non-muscle TMs interact functionally with the Tn
      I component of skeletal muscle troponin to inhibit the ATPase activity of muscle
      actomyosin and with whole troponin to regulate the muscle actomyosin ATPase in a
      Ca++-dependent manner, even though one of the binding sites for troponin on
      skeletal TM is missing in non-muscle TM. A novel actomyosin regulatory system can
      be produced using Tn-I, calmodulin and non-muscle TM; in this case inhibition is
      released when the non-muscle TM detaches from the actin filament in the presence
      of Ca++. Although it has not yet been demonstrated that the non-muscle TMs
      participate in a Ca++-dependent contractile regulatory system in vivo it does
      appear that they are associated with actin filaments in vivo.

PMID- 6361518
TI  - Chlorophyll a biosynthetic routes and chlorophyll a chemical heterogeneity in
      plants.
AB  - A six-branched chlorophyll a biosynthetic pathway instead of a four-branched
      pathway has been proposed as being responsible for the formation of chlorophyll a
      in green plants. The several biosynthetic routes that make up the pathway have
      been described as leading to the formation of ten chemically different groups of
      chlorophyll a species. The latter differ from one another by one or more of the
      following modifications: (a) by having a vinyl or ethyl group at position 4 of
      the macrocycle, (b) by the nature of the long-chain fatty alcohols at position 7
      of the macrocycle, and (c) by having a 6-membered lactone ring instead of a 5
      membered cyclopentanone ring. The chemical structure of several of the metabolic
      intermediates of that pathway and of some of the chlorophyll a species have now
      been determined by primary chemical derivatization methods coupled to
      spectrofluorometric, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectral analyses. The
      formation of highly organized photosynthetic membranes in which some of the
      chlorophyll alpha molecules are specifically oriented is ascribed to the
      multiplicity of chlorophyll biosynthetic routes which result in the formation of
      multiple chlorophyll alpha chemical species. Proper orientation of chlorophyll in
      the photosynthetic membranes is visualized as being controlled by peripheral
      group modifications that either modulate the polarity of the Chl chromophore or
      control the magnitude of the net positive charge on the central Mg atom. Finally
      it is proposed that in addition to the proper orientation of chlorophyll a,
      chemical heterogeneity of the chlorophyll chromophores in the photosynthetic
      reaction centers is mandatory for efficient charge separation, and proper
      vectorial electron transfer.

PMID- 6361519
TI  - [Yeast mitochondrial transfer RNA. Structure, coding properties and genome
      organization].
AB  - The up-to-date data on mitochondrial tRNAs of yeast, their structures and
      peculiarities of these structures, anomalies of the mitochondrial genetic code
      and anticodons of tRNAs, the structure and number of tRNA genes are reviewed in
      the present paper. New information concerning 17 types of yeast mitochondrial
      tRNAs, deciphered by the authors of the paper are given; among them 8 types are
      first published. The likeness and differences of yeast mitochondrial tRNAs from
      their cytoplasmic counterparts are discussed by comparison with other organisms.

PMID- 6361520
TI  - [Modification of phenylalanyl-tRNA-synthetase from Escherichia coli MRE600 by
      adenosine-5'-trimetaphosphate].
AB  - Modification of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase from E. coli MRE600 by adenosine-5'
      trimetaphosphate, phosphorylating analog of ATP was shown to bring about the
      enzyme inactivation in the reactions of tRNA aminoacylation and ATP
      [32P]pyrophosphate exchange. ATP when added in the reaction mixture protects the
      enzyme against inactivation in both reactions and decreases the level of covalent
      attachment of the analog. Phenylalanine has no protective effect. tRNA exhibits
      slight protective effect. Adenosine-5'-trimetaphosphate modifies both types
      (alpha and beta) of subunits of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase which is of alpha 2
      beta 2 structure. ATP protects both types of the enzyme subunits against the
      covalent attachment of the analog. Disposition of the ATP-binding centers in the
      contact region of the nonequivalent subunits of the enzyme was proposed. The
      level of covalent attachment of the analog to the enzyme exceeds the number of
      the enzyme active sites that may be a consequence of the other nucleotide-binding
      center labeling.

PMID- 6361521
TI  - Isolation and characterization of sequences from mouse chromosomal DNA with ARS
      function in yeasts.
AB  - Fragments of chromosomal DNA from a variety of eucaryotes can act as ARSs
      (autonomously replicating sequence) in yeasts. ARSs enable plasmids to be
      maintained in extrachromosomal form, presumably because they function as
      initiation sites for DNA replication. We isolated eight different sequences from
      mouse chromosomal DNA which function as ARSs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (bakers'
      yeast). Although the replication efficiency of the different mouse ARSs in yeasts
      appears to vary widely, about one-half of them functions as well as the yeast
      chromosomal sequence ARS1. Moreover, five of the ARSs also promote self
      replication of plasmids in Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast). Each of the
      ARSs was cloned into plasmids suitable for transformation of mouse tissue culture
      cells. Plasmids were introduced into thymidine kinase (TK)-deficient mouse L
      cells by the calcium phosphate precipitation technique in the absence of carrier
      DNA. In some experiments, the ARS plasmid contained the herpes simplex virus type
      1 TK gene; in other experiments (cotransformations), the TK gene was carried on a
      separate plasmid used in the same transformation. In contrast to their behavior
      in yeasts, none of the ARS plasmids displayed a significant increase in
      transformation frequency in mouse cells compared with control plasmids. Moreover,
      only 1 of over 100 cell lines contained the original plasmid in extrachromosomal
      form. The majority of cell lines produced by transformation with an ARS TK
      plasmid contained multiple copies of plasmid integrated into chromosomal DNA. In
      most cases, results with plasmids used in cotransformations were similar to those
      for plasmids carrying TK. However, cell lines produced by cotransformations with
      plasmids containing any one of three of the ARSs (m24, m25, or m26) often
      contained extrachromosomal DNAs.

PMID- 6361522
TI  - Comparison of the levels of the 21S mitochondrial rRNA in derepressed and glucose
      repressed Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - A cDNA preparation, synthesized by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial
      RNA as template and oligodeoxythymidylic acid as primer, was found to
      specifically hybridize to the mitochondrial 21S rRNA by the following criteria:
      (i) it hybridizes only to the 21S RNA species in mitochondrial RNA and not to RNA
      from a [rho0] mutant, and (ii) it hybridizes to fragments in restriction digests
      of mitochondrial DNA that contain the 21S rRNA gene but not to nuclear DNA. This
      cDNA was used as a probe to demonstrate that a 2.6-fold decrease in the cellular
      level of the mitochondrial large rRNA is associated with glucose repression of
      mitochondrial function in S. cerevisiae. A corresponding decrease in the level of
      mitochondrial DNA was not observed.

PMID- 6361524
TI  - Distribution of the two forms of guinea-pig beta 2-microglobulin originally
      detected in urine.
AB  - Two distinct forms of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) have been detected in pooled
      guinea-pig serum from outbred animals using ultrafiltration, gel filtration and
      ion exchange chromatography. These two forms probably correspond to the two beta
      2m forms, with different electrophoretic mobility, that have been previously
      identified in guinea-pig urine. In solubilized membranes from perfused guinea-pig
      livers only the basic form of beta 2m could be found. These results may indicate
      that the two beta 2m forms should not be ascribed to genetic polymorphism but
      rather are a result of post-translational modification.

PMID- 6361523
TI  - Initiation by RNA polymerase II and formation of runoff transcripts containing
      unblocked and unmethylated 5' termini.
AB  - Transcription of cloned adenovirus, beta-globin, and retrovirus long terminal
      repeat DNAs in HeLa whole-cell lysate was inhibited by S-adenosylhomocysteine.
      However, full-length 1.7-kilobase transcripts made on adenovirus 2 late promoter
      DNA contained 5'-terminal GpppA, consistent with specific initiation and runoff
      synthesis in the absence of product methylation. Formation of runoff transcripts
      including retrovirus RNAs that normally contain 5'-m7GpppGmpC was not decreased
      by replacing GTP with non-hydrolyzable analogs, and Rous-associated virus-2
      runoff products made in the presence of GTP-gamma-S contained 5'-terminal gamma-S
      pppGpC. The results indicate that capping and specific transcript synthesis by
      RNA polymerase II are not obligatorily linked in HeLa whole-cell lysate. Accurate
      initiation is dependent on ATP hydrolysis, and in contrast to GTP, replacement of
      ATP by 5'-adenylyl-imidodiphosphate blocked specific initiation of transcripts
      that start with either GTP (Rous-associated virus-2, Rous-associated virus-0) or
      ATP (beta-globin, adenovirus).

PMID- 6361525
TI  - Properties of murine anti-morphine antibodies.
AB  - Four lines of high affinity monoclonal antibodies directed against morphine have
      been isolated and affinity purified. Some of their properties, including cross
      reactivities to a large set of selected opiate agonists and antagonists are
      described. Importantly, none of the immunoglobulins cross-react with D-Ala2-D
      Leu5-enkephalin.

PMID- 6361526
TI  - [Immunoperoxidase reaction. Factors enhancing optimal results].

PMID- 6361527
TI  - [Influence of anatomical variations of the pancreatic artery on the surgical
      technic of segmental pancreas transplantation in dogs].
AB  - The surgical technique in clinical pancreas transplantation is still not
      standardized. Animal experimentation should allow a reproducible and reliable
      model by choosing the cervical region in dogs as the site of segmental grafting.
      A goal of the experiments was to determine the influence of preservation,
      operation technique, duct occlusion, immunosuppression, and gastrointestinal
      hormones (Somatostatin, Cyclosporin A). 50 grafts have been transplanted. It
      could be clearly demonstrated that in 54% the vascularization of the left lobe of
      the canine pancreas differs extremely from man. Successful results are to expect
      being aware of the anatomical variations. The varieties of the arterial blood
      supply indicate which technique has to be performed to avoid ischemic grafts due
      to inadequate preservation.

PMID- 6361528
TI  - [Histogenesis and morphology of the tissues of the rabbit ear chamber--current
      light and electron microscopy findings].
AB  - The freshly inserted rabbit ear chamber is filled with blood. During the first
      few days, a fibrin network develops that is deposited mainly on the cover slip
      and base plate. Fibroblasts from the surrounding tissue invade the chamber
      migrating on this fibrin scaffold. They change from a rod-like shape into
      completely flattened cells that produce the connective tissue fibers, and then
      become hardly recognizable. Centripetal blood vessel sprouting can be observed at
      the periphery after about 2 weeks. The initial overproduction of vessels is
      followed by a massive reduction and differentiation. The complete mature vascular
      system lying between two connective tissue sheets needs about 6--8 weeks to
      develop. Lymphatics occasionally arise in the same manner, and fat cells occur in
      individual chambers. The connective tissue is superficially coated with a layer
      of flattened cells. Aside from other cells (mainly mononuclears). Multinucleated
      giant cells are found on the cover slip and base plate of the chambers.

PMID- 6361529
TI  - Physiopathogenic basis of alcoholic pancreatitis: the effects of elevated
      cholinergic tone and increased "pancreon" ecbolic response to CCK-PZ.

PMID- 6361530
TI  - Blood transfusions and kidney transplantation: review of controversies.

PMID- 6361531
TI  - Liver scan in hepatic amebiasis: correlation with clinical and biochemical
      studies.

PMID- 6361533
TI  - The active part of the [6]-gingerol molecule in mutagenesis.
AB  - A study was performed to discover the active part in mutagenesis of [6]-gingerol,
      a mutagen contained in ginger Zingiber officinale (Nakamura and Yamamoto, 1982).
      [6]-Shogaol was isolated from the ginger by column chromatography on silica gel.
      [6]-Shogaol was much less mutagenic (1 X 10(3) revertants/10(8) viable cells/700
      microM) than [6]-gingerol (1 X 10(7) of the same units). Mutation frequencies of
      their related compounds were 4 X 10(1) for zingerone, 1 X 10(7) for 3
      hydroxymyristic acid and 3 X 10(2) for 12-hydroxystearic acid. Curcumin, and
      myristic, stearic and oleic acids had no mutagenicity; and diacetone alcohol and
      butyroin were suppressible for mutation. It was inferred from these results that
      the active part of [6]-gingerol was the aliphatic chain moiety containing a
      hydroxy group.

PMID- 6361532
TI  - Rat liver S9 preparations contain comutagenic activity.
AB  - Rat liver S9 preparations contain material which causes enhancement of UV
      mutagenesis in Escherichia coli WP2. This comutagenic activity is present in S9
      preparations from both uninduced and Aroclor-induced rats. Strains of E. coli
      which are defective in the uvr-dependent excision repair pathway fail to show
      comutagenic action by S9. The comutagenic material is heat-labile and non
      dialyzable, suggesting that it might be protein. This differs from the small
      amount of mutagenic material present in rat liver S9, as the latter is dialyzable
      and can be demonstrated in the repair-deficient strain E. coli WP2s (uvrA).

PMID- 6361534
TI  - Evidence that nitroarene metabolites form mutagenic adducts with DNA-adenine as
      well as with DNA-guanine.
AB  - Nitropyrenes as well as several other nitroarenes and their metabolites exhibit
      considerable mutagenicity for Salmonella tester strains (TA102 and TA96) which
      have adenine-thymine base pairs at the mutational target. This finding is
      unexpected as previous biochemical studies had shown that arylation at the C8
      position of DNA-guanine is the only chemically and biologically significant
      reaction. This conclusion is supported by the extraordinary mutagenic potency of
      these chemicals in Salmonella strains with guanine at the mutational site (e.g.,
      TA98). The present results indicate that a minor reaction with DNA-adenine may
      result in the formation of an unusually potent promutagenic DNA adduct.

PMID- 6361535
TI  - Isolation of a mutant of Salmonella typhimurium strain TA1535 with decreased
      levels of glutathione (GSH-). Primary characterization and chemical mutagenesis
      studies.
AB  - A mutant of Salmonella typhimurium strain TA1535 with decreased glutathione (GSH)
      levels was isolated after treatment with UV and selection for N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine (ENNG) resistance; this GSH- mutant also exhibited increased
      resistance to MNNG, the methyl analog of ENNG. Estimation of the cellular GSH
      content showed that the GSH- derivative contained about 20% of the GSH levels
      found in TA1535. In mutagenicity tests (hisG46 leads to His+), the GSH- strain
      required the presence of GSH or L-cysteine in the medium for an optimal
      phenotypic expression and/or growth of spontaneous and induced His+ revertants,
      and may, therefore, be allelic to cys mutants of Salmonella described earlier.
      The mutagenic activity of MNNG, ENNG and 1,2-dibromoethane (DBE), but not that of
      N-ethylnitrosourea (ENU), was strongly reduced in TA1535/GSH-; pretreatment of
      the strain with GSH restored the mutagenicity of the first 3 chemicals to levels
      normally found in TA1535. The results support the current view that MNNG, ENNG
      and DBE, but not ENU, can be activated via reaction with GSH to species of higher
      reactivity and mutagenicity. It is concluded that the present GSH- strain can be
      used to study more systematically the role of GSH in the bioactivation and 
      deactivation of xenobiotics to mutagenic factors.

PMID- 6361536
TI  - Genetic damage in Salmonella typhimurium by near-ultraviolet radiation. Lack of
      repair by plasmid pKM101.
AB  - Plasmid pKM101, whose mucA and B genes endow cells with enhanced mutation
      frequency and enhanced resistance to far-ultraviolet radiation (FUV) (254 nm),
      had no influence on these properties when cells were damaged by near-ultraviolet
      radiation (NUV) (300-400 nm). Thus, NUV lesions did not lead to induction of SOS
      repair and subsequent expression of mucA and B genes on plasmid pKM101. Further,
      when cells were pre-irradiated with NUV and subsequently irradiated with FUV,
      there was a blockage of SOS repair, including the repair normally controlled by
      genes on pKM101.

PMID- 6361537
TI  - Mutagenicity of coal-pyrolyzed products and their photochemical reaction products
      with nitrogen oxides in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100.
AB  - The chemical class separation of coal-pyrolyzed products and the photochemical
      reaction of these fractions with nitrogen oxides in the experimental chamber, and
      the application of a short-term mutagenicity test were investigated. The altered
      products from the fraction hydroxy polycyclic aromatic compounds in a simulated
      atmosphere containing a small volume of nitrogen oxides under irradiation with a
      xenon lamp were the most potent mutagenic fraction among all the fractions tested
      against Salmonella typhimurium, both TA98 and TA100, with or without S9.

PMID- 6361539
TI  - Time-course of mutagenicity due to flavonols in a pickled vegetable.
AB  - The mutagenicity of the leafy vegetable, Takana (Brassica juncia var.
      integrifolia), pickled with salt for various durations was examined. The
      mutagenicity increased with increasing duration of pickling time, and analysis by
      HPLC showed that is was caused by mutagenic flavonols. The flavonols contained in
      the fresh Takana as glycosides were found to be freed by pickling. This was
      confirmed by acid hydrolysis.

PMID- 6361538
TI  - Formation of mutagens by amino-carbonyl reactions.
AB  - The formation of mutagens by amino-carbonyl reactions of 20 kinds of amino acid
      and sugars after heating at 100 degrees C for 10 h was examined by the Ames test.
      The browned solutions of Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Ser, Thr, Gln, Lys X HCl, Arg,
      Phe, Cys, Met and Pro with Glc caused mutation of Salmonella typhimurium TA100
      and/or TA98 with or without S9 mix. The presence of S9 mix increased the
      mutagenic activity of the browned solutions of Cys and Phe with Glc on TA100 and
      of those of Gly, Ala, Val, Ile and Cys on TA98, but decreased the activity of
      other solutions. No revertants of Salmonella were induced by the browned
      solutions of Trp, Tyr, Asp, Asn, Glu and (Cys)2 with Glc. Among positive browned
      solutions, Cys, Lys, Arg and Phe had the stronger activity, but their activity
      was weak compared with that of pyrolysates or chemical mutagens such as Trp-P-1,
      Trp-P-2 and 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide. The mutagenic activity of the browned
      solutions increased with prolongation of heating time and varied with the pH of
      the reaction mixture. Fru, Gal, Ara, Xyl, Man, Lac and Suc also had the ability
      to form mutagens in the browning reactions with amino acids.

PMID- 6361540
TI  - UV-induced imbalance of the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pool in E. coli.
AB  - The effect of UV irradiation on the intracellular DNA precursor pool in E. coli
      was investigated. UV irradiation of E. coli, followed by post-incubation for 1
      1.5 h, altered the relative sizes of the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP)
      pool. The total amount of dNTPs increased: both dATP and dTTP increased several
      fold, dCTP about twofold, while dGTP remained almost unchanged. In recA- and umuC
      strains, which are defective in UV-induced mutagenesis, the pattern of
      nucleotide pool alterations was similar to that of wild-type strains.

PMID- 6361541
TI  - Effect of post-irradiation inhibition of protein synthesis on UV-induced mitotic
      gene conversion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - The effect of post-irradiation inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide
      was studied on UV-induced mitotic gene conversion in yeast. The frequency of UV
      induced mitotic gene convertants as well as survival were reduced when post
      irradiation protein synthesis was inhibited beyond 8 h. It is concluded that
      proteins required for mitotic recombination are not induced by UV irradiation and
      are already present in mitotic cells.

PMID- 6361542
TI  - Bioactivation and biotransformation of 1-nitropyrene in liver, lung and nasal
      tissue of rats.
AB  - 1-Nitropyrene (NP) is a known direct-acting bacterial mutagen and has been
      detected in the environment from such sources as diesel-exhaust emissions and
      coal-combustion fly ash. The purpose of this study was to investigate the
      mutagenic potential of NP in Salmonella typhimurium using rat liver, lung and
      nasal tissue as the enzyme-activating systems and to measure the rates of NP
      metabolism in these same tissues. Rat liver, lung and nasal tissue bioactivated
      NP to mutagens that were detected in the Ames bacterial test system. At all doses
      of NP and all protein concentrations of tissue S9, mutagenic responses were
      larger than that observed in the absence of any tissue. In both strains TA98 and
      TA100, about 1.0 mg/ml liver and nasal tissue S9 appeared to be the optimal
      concentration which resulted in the largest mutagenic response to NP, whereas 2.0
      mg/ml of lung S9 was necessary to yield optimal responses. When NP was incubated
      with liver, lung or nasal tissue S9 and strain TA98 NR, mutagenic responses were
      significantly decreased when compared to the response seen in TA98. NP was
      metabolized to several oxidized metabolites (3-, 6- and 8-hydroxynitropyrene) in
      all tissues examined. Total rates of formation of NP metabolites for nasal
      tissue, liver and lung S9 were 650, 300 and 60 pmoles/mg protein/min,
      respectively. These results suggest that the respiratory tract, in particular the
      nasal tissue, may be an important site for in vivo bioactivation of inhaled NP.

PMID- 6361543
TI  - Activation of aromatic amines to mutagens by various animal species including
      man.
AB  - 2-Acetylaminofluorene, 2-aminofluorene, 4-aminobiphenyl, 2-naphthylamine, 2
      aminoanthracene and benzidine were assayed for mutagenicity in the Ames test in
      the presence of hepatic microsomal preparations derived from mouse, hamster, rat,
      pig and man. Prior to each mutagenicity assay all activation systems were fully
      characterized with respect to mono-oxygenase and mixed-function amine oxidase
      activities. All compounds were metabolically activated to mutagens by all
      activation systems, but with markedly different efficiencies, hamster being the
      only species which readily activated all amines. The hamster also exhibited the
      highest ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase and dimethylaniline N-oxidase activities.

PMID- 6361544
TI  - Liver, kidney and small-intestine microsomal-mediated mutagenicity of
      carcinogenic aromatic amines.
AB  - The mutagenicity of 2-aminofluorene, 4-aminobiphenyl and 3,2'
      dimethylaminobiphenyl towards Salmonella typhimurium was studied in the presence
      of microsomes from liver, kidney and small intestine of untreated and pretreated
      rats. The aim was to study a possible correlation between the organotropism of
      these amines and their activation into mutagenic intermediates by these three
      tissues. Pretreatment of the rats with phenobarbital, Aroclor 1254 and 3
      methylcholanthrene injected intraperitoneally increased the liver microsomal
      mediated mutagenic activity of the three amines but remained without effect on
      the activating capacity of microsomes from the kidney and small intestine.
      However, pretreatment with 3-methylcholanthrene administered intragastrically
      increased the small-intestine microsomal-mediated mutagenicity of 2-aminofluorene
      almost 3-fold but remained without effect on the mutagenicity of 4-aminobiphenyl
      and 3,2'-dimethylaminobiphenyl. No mutagenic effect was observed with 4
      aminobiphenyl in the presence of kidney microsomes or with 4-aminobiphenyl and
      3,2'-dimethylaminobiphenyl in the presence of small-intestine microsomes,
      obtained from either untreated or pretreated animals. It is concluded that no
      relationship exists between the mutagenic activities of the three amines, as
      detected in the Ames test, and their carcinogenic organotropisms.

PMID- 6361545
TI  - Comparison of the frequency of diphtheria toxin and thioguanine resistance
      induced by a series of carcinogens to analyze their mutational specificities in
      diploid human fibroblasts.
AB  - The mutagenic specificities of ethylnitrosourea (ENU), X-rays (+/-)7 beta,8 alpha
      dihydroxy-9 alpha,10 alpha-epoxy-7, 8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE), ICR
      191, and N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-AcO-AAF) were analyzed and compared
      in diploid human fibroblasts and Salmonella typhimurium. In the human
      fibroblasts, we compared the frequency of diphtheria toxin (DT)-resistant
      mutants, presumably induced in the gene coding for elongation factor-2, with the
      frequency of 6-thioguanine (TG) resistance induced by mutations in the gene
      coding for hypoxanthine(guanine)phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT). Recovery of DT
      resistant (DTr) cells requires that the mutant EF-2 retain the ability to carry
      on protein synthesis since the normal EF-2 will be inactivated by DT selection.
      Therefore, the DTr mutation cannot involve major changes in the gene. In
      contrast, cells can acquire TG resistance by any mechanism which eliminates HPRT
      activity, e.g., base substitution, frameshift, deletion, loss of chromosomes.
      Each agent was assessed by calculating the ratio of the slopes of the dose
      response plots (induced variant frequency as a function of dose of the agent
      used) for the two markers (DTr/TGr variants.). In S. typhimurium we examined the
      reversion frequency in four histidine-requiring strains bearing forward mutations
      of the frameshift (TA1538, TA98) or missense (TA1535, TA100) type. ENU, which was
      predominantly a base substitution mutagen in the bacteria, gave a ratio of DTr to
      TGr variants of 1.5. As expected of an agent inducing gross chromosomal changes,
      X-rays induced no revertants in bacteria and in human cells gave a ratio of 0.1.
      ICR-191 which was predominantly a frameshift mutagen in bacteria gave a ratio of
      0.15. In the set of bacterial strains containing the plasmid pKM101, BPDE
      reverted both frameshift and base substitution mutations. It did not cause
      reversions in the other set of strains. In human cells BPDE gave a response
      similar to ENU, i.e., a ratio of DTr/TGr variants of 1.5. As reported by others,
      N-AcO-AAF was predominantly a frameshift mutagen in bacteria. However, in the
      human cells it gave a ratio of DTr/TGr variants of 1.5, similar to ENU and BPDE.
      These results suggest that in human cells, BPDE and N-AcO-AAF, like ENU, yield
      predominantly base substitutions, while ICR-191 and X-rays largely produce
      mutations by mechanisms which result in more extensive alterations in the gene.

PMID- 6361546
TI  - Thiono compounds. 3. Chemical oxidation of thioacetamide to a mutagenic S-oxide.

PMID- 6361547
TI  - Metabolic activation and deactivation of mutagens by preparations of human lung
      parenchyma and bronchial tree.
AB  - 69 S12 preparations of human lung (43 of peripheral lung parenchyma and 26
      bronchial preparations) were assayed for their ability to activate procarcinogens
      to mutagenic metabolites in the Ames test or to lower the mutagenic response of
      direct-acting compounds. No sample activated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,
      such as 3-methylcholanthrene, benzo[a]pyrene or its metabolites 3-hydroxy-B(a)P
      and B(a)P-trans-7,8-diol, and only borderline effects were observed with
      cigarette-smoke condensates. Conversely, some activating ability was detected in
      the case of 2-aminofluorene and of cyclophosphamide. The same samples produced a
      slight decrease of mutagenicity of epichlorohydrin and ICR-191 and a more
      pronounced loss of activity of sodium dichromate and 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide.

PMID- 6361548
TI  - The neurotoxins 2,5-hexanedione and acrylamide promote aggregation of
      intermediate filaments in cultured fibroblasts.
AB  - Axonal swellings associated with large aggregates of neurofilaments are
      characteristic of neuropathies caused by chemical neurotoxins (n-hexane, methyl n
      butyl ketone, and acrylamide) or giant axonal neuropathy (GAN--an autosomal
      recessive genetic disease). In GAN, filamentous aggregates have been shown also
      to occur in other cell types including cultured skin fibroblasts. Therefore, we
      studied the effects of 2,5-hexanedione (the neurotoxic metabolite of n-hexane and
      methyl n-butyl ketone) and acrylamide on normal human skin fibroblasts in tissue
      culture. We show that both neurotoxins induce aggregation of intermediate
      filaments of the vimentin type in the cultured fibroblasts without disrupting
      microtubules.

PMID- 6361549
TI  - Duchenne dystrophy viewed as a disturbance of nerve-muscle interactions.
AB  - The possibility that some features of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) can be
      explained as a disturbance of nerve-muscle interaction during development is
      discussed. It is argued that the initial disturbance in DMD is due to a slower
      rate of maturation of skeletal muscle fibers. Normally, the maturation of the
      motor reflexes is closely followed by maturation of the muscle fibers. The
      possibility is considered that if muscle fibers mature more slowly than normal,
      they are not able to withstand the type of activity imposed upon them by the
      mature motoneuron. This applies mainly to the high frequency activity imposed on
      the fibers of motor units that are destined to become "fast." Experimental
      evidence suggesting such a mechanism is presented.

PMID- 6361550
TI  - [Effect of culture media and oxygen partial pressure on growth, morphology and
      cytology of Candida albicans in vitro].

PMID- 6361551
TI  - A comparative investigation of two different culture methods for the diagnosis of
      dermatophytes.

PMID- 6361552
TI  - Decreased Candida albicans killing activity of granulocytes from patients with
      diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6361553
TI  - Controlled trial of propranolol for the prevention of recurrent variceal
      hemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis.
AB  - We conducted a prospective randomized trial of propranolol for the prevention of
      recurrent variceal bleeding in 48 patients with cirrhosis of the liver. During a
      follow-up period of up to 21 months, 12 of 26 patients in the propranolol group
      and 11 of 22 in the control group had rebleeding from esophageal varices. There
      was no significant difference in rebleeding between the two groups. This
      contrasts with a previous report of the efficacy of propranolol in preventing
      recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding in alcoholic cirrhosis. The difference in
      results may be due to the inclusion in our study of patients with other causes of
      cirrhosis and more severe liver disease. Propranolol may not be indicated for the
      prophylaxis of variceal rebleeding in such patients, and we advocate that its use
      be limited at present to controlled clinical trials.

PMID- 6361554
TI  - The effect of diabetic control on the width of skeletal-muscle capillary basement
      membrane in patients with Type I diabetes mellitus.
AB  - We studied the relation between the control of blood glucose and the width of
      skeletal-muscle capillary basement membrane in 23 insulin-dependent (Type I)
      diabetic patients. After initial measurement of levels of glycosylated hemoglobin
      and width of skeletal-muscle capillary basement membrane, the patients were
      divided into two groups: an experimental group of 13 patients who were treated
      with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, and a control group of 10 patients
      who continued to receive conventional treatment--usually two injections of
      insulin daily. After two years, the experimental group had a significant decrease
      in glycosylated hemoglobin levels as compared with base-line values (mean +/-
      S.E.M., 7.6 +/- 0.4 vs 10.2 +/- 0.7 per cent; P less than 0.001), reflecting
      improved control of blood glucose, and a significant reduction in the width of
      skeletal-muscle capillary basement membrane (1293 +/- 68 vs. 1717 +/- 182 A; P
      less than 0.05). The control group of patients had no significant change in their
      levels of glycosylated hemoglobin or in the width of their skeletal-muscle
      capillary basement membranes. If changes in the capillaries in skeletal muscle
      parallel those in the capillaries in retinal or renal tissue, then meticulous
      control of blood glucose may be beneficial over time in preventing the
      microvascular complications of diabetes.

PMID- 6361555
TI  - Myasthenia gravis after bone-marrow transplantation. Evidence for a donor origin.

PMID- 6361556
TI  - What to do about esophageal varices?

PMID- 6361557
TI  - Current concepts. Serum osmolality. Uses and limitations.
AB  - The serum osmolality measurement has a clearly circumscribed use in clinical
      medicine. Comparison of the measured osmolality with the osmolality calculated
      from the concentrations of the major solutes in serum gives information about
      large deviations in the serum water content. In addition, comparison of the
      measured and calculated values of osmolality provides rapid screening information
      about the presence of foreign low-molecular-weight solutes in the blood. Taken at
      face value, the test cannot be used to determine whether abnormalities in
      tonicity homeostasis are present. A simple and direct way to assess whether
      tonicity is normal is to calculate the effective osmolality from the
      concentrations of sodium and glucose in serum. With rare exceptions, this
      calculation provides the information needed to make decisions about therapy.

PMID- 6361558
TI  - Reduction of mortality in chloramphenicol-treated severe typhoid fever by high
      dose dexamethasone.
AB  - We compared high-dose dexamethasone (initial dose, 3 mg per kilogram of body
      weight) with placebo in a randomized, double-blind trial involving 38 patients
      with culture-positive, specifically defined severe typhoid fever. The patients in
      the two treatment groups ranged in age from 5 to 54 and were comparable at the
      outset. All patients received chloramphenicol. The case-fatality rate of 10 per
      cent (2 of 20 patients) in the dexamethasone group was significantly lower than
      the fatality rate of 55.6 per cent (10 of 18) in the placebo group (P = 0.003).
      There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications among the
      survivors in either group. Delirium, obtundation, and stupor were grave
      prognostic signs that were useful for predicting which patients were at high risk
      of dying before they became comatose or went into shock. Dexamethasone is
      unnecessary for most patients with typhoid but is recommended for all patients
      with suspected typhoid fever who are delirious, obtunded, stuporous, comatose, or
      in shock.

PMID- 6361559
TI  - Cyclosporine: five years' experience in cadaveric renal transplantation.
AB  - Using a retrospective analysis we compared 79 recipients of cadaveric renal
      allografts who were treated with cyclosporine as the sole initial
      immunosuppressant and 29 concurrent transplant recipients treated with
      conventional immunosuppressants. The cyclosporine-treated group had a slightly
      higher actuarial patient survival at four years (86 per cent v. 76 per cent).
      Actuarial graft survival at four years was 70 per cent in the cyclosporine group,
      as compared with 62 per cent in the conventionally immunosuppressed group. The
      incidence of acute rejection episodes was 62.1 per cent in the former and 65.5
      per cent in the latter. Nephrotoxicity was managed either by reduction of the
      dose of cyclosporine or by conversion to conventional immunosuppression.
      Monitoring of trough serum levels of cyclosporine facilitated its administration.
      Serum creatinine levels have been higher in cyclosporine-treated patients with
      functioning grafts, but graft deterioration has not occurred after more than
      three years. Cyclosporine provides adequate immunosuppression for patients with
      renal allografts. At four years, the rates of patient and graft survival remain
      superior to those with conventional immunosuppression. In 41 per cent of patients
      the use of steroids was completely avoided. The longer-term results of this
      powerful immunosuppressive agent are not yet known.

PMID- 6361560
TI  - Interstitial lung diseases of unknown cause. Disorders characterized by chronic
      inflammation of the lower respiratory tract (first of two parts).

PMID- 6361561
TI  - Effect of dipyridamole and aspirin on late vein-graft patency after coronary
      bypass operations.
AB  - To study the prevention of occlusion of aortocoronary-artery bypass grafts, we
      concluded a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial comparing long-term
      administration of dipyridamole (begun two days before operation) plus aspirin
      (begun seven hours after operation) with placebo in 407 patients. Results at one
      month showed a reduction in the rate of graft occlusion in patients receiving
      dipyridamole and aspirin. At vein-graft angiography performed in 343 patients (84
      per cent) 11 to 18 months (median, 12 months) after operation, 11 per cent of 478
      vein-graft distal anastomoses were occluded in the treated group, and 25 per cent
      of 486 were occluded in the placebo group. The proportion of patients with one or
      more distal anastomoses occluded was 22 per cent of 171 patients in the treated
      group and 47 per cent of 172 in the placebo group. All grafts were patent within
      a month of operation in 94 patients in the placebo group and 116 patients in the
      treated group; late development of occlusions was reduced from 27 per cent in the
      placebo group to 16 per cent in the treatment group. The results show that
      dipyridamole and aspirin continue to be effective in preventing vein-graft
      occlusion late after operation, and we believe that such treatment should be
      continued for at least one year.

PMID- 6361562
TI  - Prehospital defibrillation performed by emergency medical technicians in rural
      communities.
AB  - Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is poor in communities served only
      by basic ambulance services, but conventional advanced prehospital care is not an
      option for most rural communities. Ambulance technicians in 18 small communities
      (average population, 10,400) were trained to recognize and defibrillate
      ventricular fibrillation. Neither endotracheal intubation nor medication was
      used. Twelve additional communities of similar size where such early
      defibrillation was not attempted provided control data. In the communities where
      early defibrillation was available, 12 of 64 patients (19 per cent) who were
      found in ventricular fibrillation were resuscitated and discharged alive from the
      hospital; this was true of only 1 of 31 such patients (3 per cent) in the control
      communities, where only basic life support was available (P less than 0.05). Ten
      (83 per cent) of the long-term survivors received electrical shocks administered
      solely by the technicians. Early defibrillation by minimally trained ambulance
      technicians is an effective approach to emergency cardiac care in rural
      communities.

PMID- 6361563
TI  - Interstitial lung diseases of unknown cause. Disorders characterized by chronic
      inflammation of the lower respiratory tract.

PMID- 6361564
TI  - Treatment of relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood.

PMID- 6361565
TI  - Effects of sulindac and ibuprofen in patients with chronic glomerular disease.
      Evidence for the dependence of renal function on prostacyclin.
AB  - We investigated whether the glomerular synthesis of prostacyclin modulates the
      renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate in chronic glomerular disease.
      The urinary excretion of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, a stable breakdown
      product of prostacyclin, was significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced in 20 women
      with chronic glomerular disease, as compared with 19 controls, whereas excretion
      of urinary prostaglandin E2 was unchanged. In 10 patients randomly assigned to
      one week of treatment with ibuprofen, excretion of urinary 6-keto-prostaglandin
      F1 alpha and prostaglandin E2 was reduced by 80 per cent, the level of serum
      creatinine was increased by 40 per cent, and creatinine and para-aminohippurate
      clearances were reduced by 28 and 35 per cent, respectively. The reduction of
      both clearances was inversely related (P less than 0.01) to the basal urinary
      excretion of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha but not of prostaglandin E2. No
      functional changes were detected in five healthy women, despite a similar
      suppression of renal prostacyclin synthesis by ibuprofen. In contrast, one week
      of treatment with sulindac did not affect renal prostacyclin synthesis or renal
      function in the other 10 patients, despite a marked inhibition of extrarenal
      cyclooxygenase activity. We conclude that in patients with mild impairment of
      renal function, the renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate are
      critically dependent on prostacyclin production. In such patients sulindac may be
      a safe substitute for other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.

PMID- 6361566
TI  - Ethical issues in the implantation of the total artificial heart.

PMID- 6361567
TI  - Treatment of parasitic infections of travelers and immigrants.

PMID- 6361568
TI  - Replacement of the heart with a mechanical device: the case of Dr. Barney Clark.

PMID- 6361569
TI  - The political history of the artificial heart.

PMID- 6361570
TI  - Prostaglandins in severe congestive heart failure. Relation to activation of the
      renin--angiotensin system and hyponatremia.
AB  - To determine whether prostaglandins are involved in circulatory homeostasis in
      congestive heart failure, we measured plasma levels of the metabolites of
      vasodilator prostaglandins I2 and E2 in 15 patients with severe chronic heart
      failure. Mean circulating levels of both metabolites were 3 to 10 times higher
      than those in normal subjects. Plasma levels of both metabolites correlated
      directly with plasma renin activity and plasma angiotensin II concentrations (r =
      0.64 and 0.84, respectively). Individual serum sodium concentrations were
      inversely correlated with levels of prostaglandin E2 metabolites (r = -0.92, P
      less than 0.001) and plasma renin activity (r = -0.69, P less than 0.02). Of 23
      patients with severe heart failure challenged with indomethacin (an inhibitor of
      prostaglandin synthesis), the 9 with hyponatremia had significant decreases in
      the cardiac index (1.99 +/- 0.12 to 1.72 +/- 0.13 liters per minute per square
      meter of body-surface area, P less than 0.001) and significant increases in the
      pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (17.4 +/- 2.0 to 24.0 +/- 1.9 mm Hg, P less
      than 0.001) and systemic vascular resistance (1882 +/- 239 to 2488 +/- 315 dyn x
      sec x cm-5, P less than 0.001), whereas the 14 patients with a normal serum
      sodium concentration had no significant hemodynamic changes. We conclude that
      both vasoconstrictor (renin-angiotensin) and vasodilator (prostaglandin)
      mechanisms are operative in patients with heart failure complicated by
      hyponatremia and that these mechanisms interact to modulate circulatory
      homeostasis.

PMID- 6361571
TI  - Acute dysuria in women.

PMID- 6361572
TI  - Dr. Thomas Hodgkin's friendship with Sir Moses Montefiore.

PMID- 6361573
TI  - Isolate-specific S-antigen of Plasmodium falciparum contains a repeated sequence
      of eleven amino acids.
AB  - Antibodies raised against a Plasmodium falciparum protein expressed in
      Escherichia coli reacted with a 220,000-molecular weight antigen of mature blood
      stage parasites. The protein resembles the sporozoite surface antigen being
      composed of tandem repeats of 11 amino acids. However, it is isolate-specific and
      the encoding gene is not detectable in strains that do not express the protein.

PMID- 6361574
TI  - Reconstitution with syngeneic plus allogeneic or xenogeneic bone marrow leads to
      specific acceptance of allografts or xenografts.
AB  - Clinical organ transplantation between genetically disparate individuals
      currently requires the use of chemotherapeutic agents to suppress the rejection
      reaction. The deleterious side effects of these reagents and their inability to
      prevent rejection completely has led to a continuing search for methods to induce
      specific transplantation tolerance in adult recipients. Numerous experimental
      animal models utilizing irradiation and bone marrow transplantation coincident
      with organ transplantation have been proposed. Bone marrow transplantation,
      however, has its own major complications, including graft-versus-host reactions
      and immunoincompetence, probably resulting from a failure of appropriate immune
      cell interactions in the reconstituted host. We have now attempted to overcome
      these difficulties by reconstituting the irradiated host with T-cell depleted
      bone marrow containing both host (syngeneic) and donor (allogeneic or xenogeneic)
      components. This technique leads to long-term survival of the reconstituted
      animals and specific prolongation of subsequent skin grafts of donor type.
      Animals reconstituted in this fashion are fully reactive to third-party
      allografts and xenografts and do not appear to manifest signs of graft-versus
      host disease.

PMID- 6361575
TI  - Primary structure homology between the product of yeast cell division control
      gene CDC28 and vertebrate oncogenes.
AB  - In the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, division is controlled in
      response to nutrient limitation and in preparation for conjugation. Cells
      deprived of an essential nutrient or responding to mating pheromones cease
      division and become synchronous in the G1 interval, apparently constrained from
      completing a critical event. This event has been given the operational
      designation of 'start'. We have isolated a large number of start mutations which
      confer on S. cerevisiae cells a conditional inability to complete start (Fig. 1)
      presumably because they define genes which must be expressed for the start event
      to be successfully completed. We have described the isolation on plasmids of one
      of the start genes, CDC28, by genetic complementation and initial
      characterization of its product. We now describe the DNA sequence of the gene
      CDC28.

PMID- 6361576
TI  - Rationing health care: the ethics of cost containment.

PMID- 6361577
TI  - Policy options for Medicare.

PMID- 6361578
TI  - [Current place of roentgenologic studies for the diagnosis of gallbladder
      diseases].

PMID- 6361579
TI  - [Practical problems concerning the injecting of insulin].

PMID- 6361580
TI  - [Epidemiologic study of the causes of hospital infection caused by Salmonella
      typhimurium phage type 193].

PMID- 6361581
TI  - [Sepsis and meningitis in newborn and young infants cause by group B Streptococci
      (Streptococcus agalactiae)].

PMID- 6361582
TI  - [Causes of spontaneous abortion].

PMID- 6361583
TI  - [After care of heart infarct patients; physician-patient cooperation].

PMID- 6361584
TI  - [A curious case of apparent death in 1857].

PMID- 6361585
TI  - [Vincent van Gogh, his physical ailments, injuries and suicide].

PMID- 6361586
TI  - Electrophoretic mobility profiles of mouse leukemias. II. Electrophoresis of
      thymic lymphoma, myeloid leukemia and reticulum sarcoma cells.
AB  - Electrophoretic mobility of cells from 21 primary mouse leukemias was
      investigated and compared with that of various normal mouse reference cells. Six
      thymic lymphomas, nine reticulum cell sarcomas, five myeloid leukemias and one
      stem-cell leukemia were examined. The mean AEM of cells from the group of primary
      thymic lymphomas (1.13 microns s-1 V-1 cm) was similar to that of reticulum cell
      sarcomas (1.15 microns s-1 V-1 cm) and significantly lower than that of the
      myeloid leukemias (1.20 microns s-1 V-1 cm). Since the examined cell suspensions
      were prepared from leukemic lymph nodes, the analysis was performed to
      investigate the possible admixture of normal LNC in the cell populations.
      Electrophoretograms of normal and leukemic lymph nodes were compared and the AEM
      of cells from leukemic lymph nodes was considered separately for two cell
      populations, one corresponding in size to normal LNC (6-9 microns in diameter)
      and the other to leukemic blast cells (10-16 microns in diameter). In the 6-9
      microns cell subpopulations from leukemic lymph nodes, electrophoretically slow
      cells corresponding to B LNC were almost totally depleted (1%); also
      electrophoretically fast cells with the mean AEM of T LNC were fewer (45-57%)
      than in normal LNC populations. The leukemic cells 10-16 microns in diameter
      displayed mean AEM of 1.09 (thymic lymphomas), 1.12 (reticulum cell sarcomas) and
      1.21 (myeloid leukemia) micron s-1 V-1 cm. The mean AEM of blast cells from
      thymic lymphomas and reticulum cell sarcomas was not significantly different; it
      was similar to that of blast cells prepared from normal mouse thymus (1.09
      microns s-1 V-1 cm) on a density gradient. In contrast, the 10-16 microns cell
      populations from lymph nodes of mice with myeloid leukemias were significantly
      faster than blast cells from thymic lymphomas and reticulum cell sarcomas.

PMID- 6361587
TI  - [Results of mouth floor deepening and vestibuloplasty. 1. Mouth surgery and
      prosthetic aspects].

PMID- 6361588
TI  - Medicare - what led up to prospective reimbursement and what next.

PMID- 6361589
TI  - [Anthropologic medicine in transition. From Viktor von Weizsacker to Dieter
      Wyss].

PMID- 6361590
TI  - Are serum measurements of bile acids useful?

PMID- 6361591
TI  - Flow cytometry in oncology: a review with emphasis on DNA flow cytometry in human
      solid tumours.

PMID- 6361592
TI  - Renovascular hypertension: a worthwhile diagnostic challenge?

PMID- 6361593
TI  - Acute treatment of hypertension with nifedipine.

PMID- 6361594
TI  - Calcium and vitamin D homeostasis in the nephrotic syndrome: current status.

PMID- 6361596
TI  - Drug-induced elevation of vasopressin-like immunoreactivity in Raphe and septal
      regions of the mouse CNS.
AB  - Increases and decreases in the concentration or activity of vasopressin (VP) in
      mice result in facilitations and deficits in avoidance performance, respectively.
      An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that elevations in the central
      nervous system concentration of VP result from doses of d-amphetamine, strychnine
      sulfate and physostigmine known to induce facilitations of avoidance performance.
      An immunohistofluorescent technique was used to determine whether performance
      facilitating doses of the three drugs elevated VP levels in a number of brain
      structures. A performance-facilitating dose of each of the three drugs was found
      to increase VP-like immunoreactivity in the dorsal raphe and lateral septum, but
      not in the substantia nigra, dentate gyrus or central amygdaloid nucleus.

PMID- 6361595
TI  - Plasma catecholamines and autonomic nervous system function in patients with
      early renal insufficiency and hypertension: effect of clonidine.
AB  - Plasma catecholamines, hand-grip exercise and orthostatic stress were used to
      assess sympathetic nerve function in 14 hypertensive patients with mild to
      moderate renal failure and, for comparison, in 14 age-matched normal subjects.
      Furthermore, acute and chronic administrations of clonidine were used to
      determine a participation of the sympathetic nervous system in the maintenance of
      hypertension in these patients. Baseline mean blood pressure (MBP), plasma
      norepinephrine (NE), plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone were elevated in
      patients with renal failure. During hand-grip exercise, the rise in MBP and in
      heart rate was blunted in these patients. During orthostasis, MBP decreased more
      while the increments in NE were greater in hypertensive patients that in normal
      subjects. Acute administration of clonidine (200 micrograms orally) resulted in a
      significant decrease in MBP, heart rate, NE, PRA, and aldosterone. There was a
      significant (p less than 0.01) correlation between the decrease in NE and the
      fall in MBP. After 6 weeks of treatment, clonidine produced a significant
      decrease in MBP, heart rate, NE and aldosterone, but not in PRA. Chronic
      treatment with clonidine produced a slight but significant (p less than 0.05)
      rise in serum potassium and in serum creatinine. Exchangeable sodium and plasma
      volume did not change significantly. The data indicate that abnormalities in the
      function of the sympathetic nervous system are already evident in patients with
      mild to moderate renal failure. The data also suggest that the sympathetic
      nervous system may participate in the maintenance of the hypertension in these
      patients.

PMID- 6361597
TI  - Acute and long-term changes in central and pituitary mechanisms regulating
      pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion after ovariectomy in the rat.
AB  - These experiments examined the time course of changes in the characteristics of
      pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion that occur after ovariectomy (OVX)
      in the rat, and compared the response of the brain and pituitary to the absence
      of ovarian steroid negative feedback. The literature indicates that the brain
      could respond to OVX by altering the frequency and/or amplitude of the pulsatile
      luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) release which triggers pulsatile LH
      secretion, while the pituitary could respond by altering basal LH output and/or
      its response to LH-RH. In vivo experiments examined changes in mean blood LH
      levels, LH pulse amplitudes and pulse frequencies in control rats on diestrus 1
      (D1) and at 7 h, 14 h, 1, 2 or 8 days, or 3 weeks following OVX. In addition,
      anterior pituitaries from rats on D1 or rats ovariectomized for 1, 2 or 8 days,
      or 3 weeks, were incubated in vitro with or without LH-RH to examine changes in
      both basal and LH-RH-induced LH release. Mean blood LH levels increased within 17
      24 h following OVX. This acute, rapid elevation was due to increases in both LH
      pulse frequency and pulse amplitude. Blood LH levels continued to increase over a
      3-week period. However, the long-term increase seen at 8 days or 3 weeks was not
      only due to increases in LH pulse frequency and amplitude, but also to dramatic
      increases in basal LH secretion. The frequency of pulsatile LH release was
      maximal within 8 days, with no further increases occurring over the next 2
      weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6361598
TI  - The clinical presentation of organoacidopathies--when to investigate.

PMID- 6361599
TI  - Factors in predicting outcome from operation in patients with prolactin-secreting
      pituitary adenomas.
AB  - Forty female patients with pituitary adenomas were studied retrospectively to
      determine whether factors could be identified that would help predict outcome
      from operation. Twenty-five patients had a normal prolactin level (less than or
      equal to 30 ng/ml) during the early postoperative period (less than or equal to 3
      months) and 15 patients had persistent disease (prolactin greater than 30 ng/ml).
      Nine of the 25 patients who initially had normal prolactin levels during the
      early postoperative period were found to have elevated prolactin levels during
      the late postoperative period (greater than 3 months). As has been shown
      previously, tumor size and preoperative prolactin levels were important factors
      in predicting surgical outcome. Patients with smaller (Hardy Grades I and II)
      tumors had significantly better outcome than those with larger (Hardy Grades III
      and IV) tumors. Patients with successful surgical outcomes had significantly
      lower preoperative prolactin values (204 ng/ml) than those with operative
      failures (524 ng/ml). In addition to the known factors, the patient's age at the
      time of operation, the length of amenorrhea, and the patient's growth hormone
      response to insulin hypoglycemia were newly identified as factors that helped
      predict surgical outcome. Patients who were less than or equal to 26 years of age
      and who had had amenorrhea for less than or equal to 6 years at the time of
      operation had significantly better surgical outcomes. Patients with normal growth
      hormone responses to stimulation testing had significantly better surgical
      outcomes than those with a blunted preoperative growth hormone response. The data
      suggest that prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors may cause a progressive
      disorder for which operative cure may be obtained only early in the disease.

PMID- 6361600
TI  - Current status of carotid endarterectomy for atheromatous disease.
AB  - The authors discuss the indications for both elective and emergency carotid
      endarterectomy. Reports on the surgical treatment of asymptomatic bruit and
      contralateral carotid stenosis are reviewed. The results of endarterectomy for
      symptomatic carotid disease, including transient ischemic attacks, acute
      neurological deficit, and complete carotid occlusion, are discussed. The
      complications and risks of carotid surgery are also presented.

PMID- 6361601
TI  - A history of the study of cerebral edema.
AB  - A brief review of the historical concepts underlying our present knowledge of
      cerebral edema is presented, together with the evolution of attempts to measure
      the edema.

PMID- 6361602
TI  - Lithium perspectives.
AB  - Progress in lithium treatment and research has been predicated on contributions
      from scientists of many different kinds. Examples are given of the systematic
      scientist, the artistic scientist, and the tenacious clinician. Lithium has
      attracted interest from a wide variety of scientific disciplines, partly because
      it is a small cation with many biological effects and partly because it
      counteracts both the manic and the depressive manifestations of manic-depressive
      illness. The seed John Cade sowed has grown to a large tree.

PMID- 6361604
TI  - Phenytoin binding and renal transplantation.
AB  - Limited data are available on the effect of renal transplantation on the abnormal
      phenytoin (PHT) binding found in uremic patients. We studied PHT binding before
      and after transplantation in eight patients. Return of PHT binding to normal
      correlated well with recovery of renal function. Correlations with serum albumin
      and free fatty acid levels were also studied.

PMID- 6361603
TI  - Reactive changes of live nerve endings in a culture of isolated glia-deprived
      neurons.

PMID- 6361605
TI  - [A method for visualizing the hair cuticle around the hair shaft by preserving
      the natural hair wave in the scanning electron microscope].

PMID- 6361606
TI  - Home-made silicone rubber embedding moulds for electron microscopy.

PMID- 6361607
TI  - The improved temperature-controlled embedding in paraffin with the parahistomat.

PMID- 6361608
TI  - [Apparatus for careful and standardized preparation of sensitive biopsy material
      for electron microscopy].

PMID- 6361609
TI  - [1,4-Diazobicyclo-(2,2,2)-octane (DABCO) retards the fading of immunofluorescence
      preparations].

PMID- 6361610
TI  - Auxiliary transplantation of a partial liver graft in the dog and the pig.
AB  - Auxiliary, heterotopic transplantation of 60% of the liver was performed in 24
      beagles and 24 pigs. Operative mortality was low and graft survival was greatly
      improved by DLA-matching in the dog. The graft supplied by arterial and portal
      blood gave excellent metabolic support after the host liver was rendered ischemic
      by six hours clamping of the hepatic artery.

PMID- 6361611
TI  - [Books of medical interest printed by Giambattista Bodoni (1740-1813)].

PMID- 6361612
TI  - [Sarcoidosis].

PMID- 6361613
TI  - [Reflex therapy in respiratory allergy].
AB  - The immune system and factors probably involved in respiratory allergies in
      certain subjects examined. Subjects were grouped according to age and sex and
      treated using both conventional methods, specific acupuncture and a placebo. The
      statistically evaluated results give an encouraging insight into the application
      of acupuncture within this delicate and complex field of human pathology.

PMID- 6361614
TI  - [The proteolytic etiopathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema].
AB  - Laennec and later workers attributed the aetiopathogenesis of emphysema to
      mechanical causes. This view has been superseded by the current proteolytic
      theory. It is now believed that the destruction of the pulmonary parenchyma in
      emphysema occurs when the homeostatic equilibrium between cellular proteases
      (polymorphonucleates and macrophages) and serum antiproteases (primarily alpha-1
      antitrypsin) which protects the respiratory ways, is disturbed. This imbalance
      not only produces idiopathic emphysema due to alpha-1-antitrypsin but also post
      bronchitic forms due to increased protease release.

PMID- 6361616
TI  - [Music and lithotomy in a composition by Marin Marais (l656-l728)].

PMID- 6361615
TI  - [Sequential endovenous angiourography (AUS) with image subtraction for the study
      of the arterial phase of urography. Comparison with nephroangiotomography (NAT)].
AB  - Two urographical techniques employed in the endovenous study of renal arteries
      are compared. They are nephroangiotomography (NAT) using synchroplan and
      sequential angiourography (SAV) with image subtraction. 64 patients were studied,
      32 with NAT and 32 with AVS. Both techniques were shown to be useful, but AVS
      through infrequently used was cleary more efficient than Nat in the study of the
      vascular arterial phase.

PMID- 6361617
TI  - [The historical and educational function of the medical press].

PMID- 6361618
TI  - [Serum lipoproteins and coronary disease in diabetes. Changes in the lipoprotein
      pattern in relation to the type of antidiabetic therapy].
AB  - One hundred and fifty seven maturity-onset diabetics (77 males and 80 females)
      with coronary heart disease (CHD) were compared with 130 non-CHD diabetic
      patients (62 males and 68 females) of the same age-range. Integrated mean blood
      pressure, duration of diabetes, serum triglycerides, beta and prebeta
      lipoproteins were significantly higher and alpha lipoproteins significantly lower
      in CHD than in non-CHD patients. Alpha lipoproteins, duration of diabetes and
      beta lipoproteins were the variables of highest weight in discriminating CHD from
      non-CHD patients. Alpha lipoprotein had a greater discriminating power than beta
      lipoprotein in man, while in women the opposite occurred. In patients on insulin
      and on sulfonylurea therapy, both with and without CHD, the concentration of
      alpha lipoproteins, but not of other lipoproteins, was higher than in the
      corresponding subgroups of the diet-treated patients. However, within each
      treatment group, patients with CHD had lower alpha lipoproteins.

PMID- 6361619
TI  - [Surgical therapy of the dissection of the ascending aorta. Experience in the use
      of the G. R. F. biological glue].
AB  - Nine patients with dissecting aneurysm of the ascending aorta (type A dissection)
      were operated upon. Six cases had an acute dissection, whereas three cases had a
      chronic type of dissection. The ascending aorta was replaced with a Dacron
      tubular prosthesis after solidification of the external and the internal layers
      of the two aortic stumps using a G.R.F. biological glue. Early and late results
      as well as the possible complications during the post-operative course are
      reported. Furthermore the advantages in using the G.R.F. glue are discussed in
      details. They are mainly represented by the excellent solidification of the
      aortic stumps, by the possibility to correct the aortic regurgitation without
      valve replacement and particularly by a good hemostasis of the surgical sutures.

PMID- 6361621
TI  - ACLN Executive Committee and official Constituent League listing.

PMID- 6361622
TI  - Paving the way for more effective computer usage.

PMID- 6361620
TI  - Neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive nerves in the uvea of guinea pig and rat.
AB  - Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-immunoreactivity has been localized to a rich network of
      fibres in the uvea of guinea pig and rat. In the iris, NPY-immunoreactive nerves
      were present in iridial smooth muscle and around blood vessels; similarly
      throughout the choroid a dense network of NPY-immunoreactive fibres was found
      surrounding the choroidal vascularization. Following sympathectomy a marked
      decrease of NPY-immunoreactivity, in particular in the iris and less marked in
      the choroid, was noted, indicating that these fibres may originate at least in
      part from neuronal cell bodies in the superior cervical ganglion. The close
      relationship of the NPY-immunoreactive fibres to blood vessels in both anterior
      and posterior uvea is consistent with the established vasoconstrictor action of
      this peptide.

PMID- 6361623
TI  - Mercury toxicity and dental amalgam.
AB  - There is adequate evidence that dental amalgam restorations, during and after
      placement, results in the release of Hg into the patient's body. Whether the Hg
      released from amalgam is due to placement procedures, surface abrasion, or later
      corrosion breakdown, there is evidence that a low level Hg release continues for
      years. It is generally agreed that if amalgam was introduced today as a
      restorative material, they would never pass F.D.A. approval. With new and more
      accurate techniques of measuring Hg levels, especially in tissue and blood,
      additional studies are necessary to relate blood-Hg levels with dental amalgam
      restorations. Studies must relate existing restorations as well as the placement
      of new restorations to body-Hg levels. It is possible that we have accepted a
      potentially dangerous material as being safe.

PMID- 6361624
TI  - W. O. Atwater memorial lecture. Energy in human nutrition: perspectives and
      problems.

PMID- 6361626
TI  - A wonderful prerequisite--relaxation methods.

PMID- 6361625
TI  - Nutrition classics. A respiration calorimeter with appliances for the direct
      determination of oxygen. Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1905.

PMID- 6361627
TI  - Teaching self-injection to diabetics: an easier and more effective way.

PMID- 6361628
TI  - Nabumetone, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug: a comparison with
      naproxen.
AB  - Nabumetone, 500 mg two nocte, was compared with naproxen, 250 mg two nocte and
      one mane, in the management of 24 patients with rheumatoid arthritis attending an
      outpatients clinic. Both drugs were generally well tolerated and were of
      comparable efficacy in the dose employed. Similar numbers incurred side effects
      while taking either drug, but severe side effects, requiring withdrawal from the
      trial in two cases, were restricted to those patients taking naproxen. As
      patients known to be intolerant to naproxen were excluded from the trial, the
      results could have been expected to favour naproxen in this respect. Nabumetone
      may have a useful role in the management of patients with poor tolerance of other
      anti-inflammatory drugs.

PMID- 6361629
TI  - The use of captopril in pregnancy.

PMID- 6361630
TI  - James Lister Newman.

PMID- 6361631
TI  - Gliclazide: a new sulphonylurea.

PMID- 6361632
TI  - Influenza 1918.

PMID- 6361633
TI  - Art & science of management. Tough times ahead?

PMID- 6361634
TI  - Considerations for three dimensional implants.

PMID- 6361635
TI  - The development of the Fagan endosseous implant.

PMID- 6361636
TI  - Improved mucosal insert and endodontic implant techniques.

PMID- 6361637
TI  - Subperiosteal implant design based on peri-implant tissue behavior.

PMID- 6361638
TI  - 1983 Distinguished Service Award (Robert S. Smith).

PMID- 6361639
TI  - The DSSNY sponsors its ADA trustee for president-elect (Abraham Kobren).

PMID- 6361640
TI  - Recollections of an associate editor: a memoir of the New York State Dental
      Journal.

PMID- 6361641
TI  - Galactorrhea and hyperprolactinemia.

PMID- 6361642
TI  - Treatment of inadequate lactation with oral sulpiride and buccal oxytocin.
AB  - Thirty-six puerperal women with inadequate lactation were treated with 50 mg
      sulpiride (N = 24) or placebo (N = 12) three times a day for two weeks. These
      treatments were supplemented with buccal oxytocin (100 IU, 300 IU, or 400 IU) or
      placebo preceding each breast-feeding on the sixth and 14th and on the seventh
      and 13th days of oral treatment, respectively. One woman treated with sulpiride
      and three women treated with placebo discontinued the trial because of the lack
      of the effect of treatment. The concentration of prolactin in maternal serum was
      higher (P less than .001) during sulpiride than placebo treatment at one week
      (380 +/- 43 ng/ml vs 23 +/- 7 ng/ml, mean +/- SE) and two weeks of treatment (381
      +/- 38 ng/ml vs 34 +/- 10 ng/ml). Also, the daily breast milk yield, as measured
      objectively, was greater (P less than .05) during sulpiride than placebo
      treatment both at one week (628 +/- 51 ml vs 440 +/- 68 ml) and two weeks of
      treatment (684 +/- 67 ml vs 423 +/- 60 ml). Various doses of oxytocin failed to
      stimulate the milk secretion in the presence or absence of sulpiride-induced
      hyperprolactinemia. Thus, sulpiride improved inadequate lactation, whereas
      exogenous oxytocin alone or together with sulpiride had no effect on lactation in
      these mothers whose infants were able to suckle normally.

PMID- 6361643
TI  - Taming a revolution - the real achievements of early factory reformers.

PMID- 6361644
TI  - Safety: let's put knowledge into action.

PMID- 6361645
TI  - What government is doing to cut health care costs.

PMID- 6361646
TI  - [28th annual meeting of the German Hematology and Oncology Society. Muenster, 9
      October-12 October 1983. Abstracts].

PMID- 6361647
TI  - The importance of the horizontal shoe extension in removable partial denture
      therapy.

PMID- 6361648
TI  - [Characteristics of the publications of the N. K. Koltsov Institute of
      Developmental Biology of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and their citation
      frequency].

PMID- 6361649
TI  - Peripheral corneal grafts in Terrien's marginal degeneration.
AB  - Surgical treatment of two cases of Terrien's marginal degeneration is discussed.
      Because of the peripheral location of the corneal thinning, free-hand grafting is
      required. The procedure and its complications, both intraoperative and
      postoperative, are described in detail.

PMID- 6361650
TI  - Dermis-fat orbital implantation: 118 cases.
AB  - During the previous six years the authors have performed 118 dermis-fat orbital
      implants. Fifty-one were primary implantations performed at the time of
      enucleation. Nineteen grafts were implanted after migrated implants were removed,
      and 19 grafts were used to correct superior sulcus deformities. Nine dermis-fat
      grafts expanded contracted sockets. It is becoming increasingly clear that these
      autogenous implants are effective in maintaining orbital volume while preserving
      the fornicies and conserving the conjunctiva. Although significant atrophy of
      primary grafts does not occur very frequently, it is more common in cases of
      secondary implantation, particularly in cases of chemically injured severely
      contracted sockets (3 of 9 cases). We have noted only one case of significant
      atrophy following a primary procedure. This occurred two and a half years
      following an apparently successful primary graft.

PMID- 6361651
TI  - Aphakic refractive penetrating keratoplasty using newborn donor corneas. A
      preliminary report on an alternative approach to refractive correction.
AB  - Eyes with corneal disease receiving transplants from premature, full gestational
      newborns or postnatal donors yield refractive results with a myopic shift. When
      the donor cornea is from a newborn (40-41 week gestation) this myopic shift was
      sufficient to correct 5 of 7 aphakic eyes to an average postsurgical refraction
      of -1.0 diopter (spher equiv). One premature cornea gave -6.0 diopters while six
      postnatal infant corneas gave an average correction of +8.6 diopters (spher
      equiv). The steep corneal curvature resulting from surgery explains the
      additional refractive power noted. The surgical difficulties encountered and the
      unknown long-term results auger for a slow and controlled introduction of this
      concept into our everyday practices.

PMID- 6361652
TI  - Corneal sensitivity after epikeratophakia.
AB  - Corneal sensitivity was tested in 60 eyes of 30 patients who underwent unilateral
      epikeratophakia for the correction of aphakia (20 patients) or keratoconus (10
      patients). Postoperative recovery time ranged from 2 months to 21 months (mean:
      10 months). Our results indicate a relative hypesthesia of the epikeratophakia
      lenticule when compared with the peripheral host cornea and contralateral control
      cornea. However, corneal sensitivity tested in 11 patients with more than 1 year
      follow-up was increased compared with the sensitivity of 19 patients whose
      postoperative recovery was less than 1 year. Histopathologic findings in two
      lenticules from a nonhuman primate demonstrated sparse epithelial axon terminals.
      Host corneal nerves appear to innervate the lenticules by intraepithelial
      extension and by penetration of the superficial keratectomy scar.

PMID- 6361653
TI  - Complications associated with skin graft vestibuloplasty. Experiences with 100
      cases.
AB  - The mandibular skin graft vestibuloplasty with lowering of the floor of the mouth
      is a relatively complex surgical procedure and can be accompanied by a large
      number of diverse complications. In our experience, these have ranged from minor
      inconveniences to a life-threatening emergency. Most could be easily prevented or
      simply managed. The complications encountered in a series of 100 consecutive skin
      graft vestibuloplasties are presented and discussed.

PMID- 6361654
TI  - Plasma cell lesions of the head and neck: immunofluorescent determination of
      clonality from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue.
AB  - An immunofluorescent technique was used on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded
      tissue to characterize and diagnose plasma cell lesions of the head and neck.
      Infiltrates were classified as either monoclonal or polyclonal with rhodamine and
      fluorescein staining of light chains and heavy chains. In the cases in which
      histopathologic diagnoses were relatively certain, immunofluorescence provided
      good correlation. In those cases in which histopathologic diagnoses were
      equivocal, immunofluorescence distinguished between reactive and neoplastic
      infiltrates through the determination of clonality of the infiltrates.

PMID- 6361655
TI  - [Alloplastic filling of defects in the proximal end of the femur in children and
      adolescents with pathologic dislocations].

PMID- 6361656
TI  - [November 7th: Reflections on the relation between public health and society].

PMID- 6361658
TI  - [Babits' diseases].

PMID- 6361657
TI  - [The suffering of Mihaly Babits].

PMID- 6361659
TI  - [Further data on Babits' diseases].

PMID- 6361660
TI  - [Historical errors in roentgen diagnosis and their ethical basis].

PMID- 6361661
TI  - [Dr. Tibor Peterfi (1883-1953)].

PMID- 6361662
TI  - [Remembering Jeno Hamburger (1883-1936)].

PMID- 6361663
TI  - [Endre Kubanyi (1893-1983)].

PMID- 6361664
TI  - [In memory of Pal Gomori].

PMID- 6361665
TI  - [150th anniversary of the birth of Carlos J. Finlay].

PMID- 6361666
TI  - Properties of red cell ghost preparations susceptible to invasion by malaria
      parasites.
AB  - Experimental procedures are described that lead to the formation of sealed red
      cell ghosts capable of efficient invasion by malaria parasites. Both human and
      monkey cells have been studied with respect to invasion by Plasmodium falciparum
      and P. knowlesi respectively. Resealed ghosts containing about half the normal
      concentration of haemoglobin are prepared by osmotic lysis and resealing at a
      haematocrit of 70%. When examined in the scanning electron microscope,
      populations of these ghosts contain few echinocytes, but have an abundance of
      stomatocytic forms. When undiluted haemolysate is substituted for the aqueous
      saline diluent, in which the cells are suspended for lysis and resealing,
      discocytes result, with a morphology very similar to that of the original cells.
      Invasion is somewhat, but not dramatically higher for this material. An
      investigation of the effect of intracellular potassium concentration revealed
      that this had no major effect on invasion. A small increase in invasion resulted
      from addition of 50 or 100 mg/ml of albumin to the medium in which the cells were
      resealed, but intra-erythrocytic protein content per se is evidently not a major
      factor in determining the efficiency of invasion. Augmentation of the cytoplasmic
      ATP concentration during lysis and resealing increased the level of parasitaemia
      significantly, and the parasites in these ghosts developed normally and gave rise
      to viable merozoites. It was found that albumin at certain concentrations passed
      freely into the lysed cells and reached equilibrium with that in the external
      medium. By contrast, the high molecular weight solute Blue Dextran 2000 was
      completely excluded from the lysed cells.

PMID- 6361667
TI  - An automated large-scale culture system of Plasmodium falciparum using tangential
      flow filtration for medium change.
AB  - Asexual stages and mature gametocytes of Plasmodium falciparum have been produced
      in a 500 ml suspension culture system containing 6-10% red cells. Medium change
      was automated and was accomplished using a tangential flow filtration unit. The
      rate of multiplication of the parasite (isolate NF 54) was consistently high when
      compared with static cultures and ranged from 6.4 X to 15.3 X per cycle in 8
      experiments. Mature gametocytes were present in up to 2% of red cells in 14-day
      old cultures. Only minor modifications would be required to further scale-up the
      volume of the culture.

PMID- 6361668
TI  - Immunodepression in Giardia muris and Spironucleus muris infections in mice.
AB  - Infections with the intestinal flagellates Giardia muris and Spironucleus muris
      are accompanied by a depression in the ability of mice to mount an immune
      response to a thymus-dependent antigen (sheep red blood cells) but not to a
      thymus-independent antigen (TNP-lipopolysaccharide). The number of splenic IgM
      plaque-forming cells and haemagglutination titres, of both IgM and IgG, to sheep
      red blood cells decreased between days 10 and 21, which correlated with the time
      of maximal trophozoite levels in the small intestine. The number of background
      IgM plaque-forming cells to sheep red blood cells or DNP was not significantly
      different from controls in either infection. No evidence for systemic macrophage
      activation was associated with these infections. In fact, adherent peritoneal
      exudate cells (PEC) from infected mice were slightly less cytostatic against
      target tumour cells than adherent PEC from normal mice, at a time when the
      parasites were being eliminated from the small intestine.

PMID- 6361669
TI  - [Hormone receptors in breast cancer. History and perspectives].

PMID- 6361670
TI  - [Methods of detection and quantification of hormone receptors in breast cancer].
AB  - This article reviews the problems inherent to the detection and assay of steroid
      hormone receptors in human target tissues and in pathological tissues. The
      biochemical characteristics of the hormone-receptor interaction are described,
      i.e., high affinity, strict specificity and limited number of binding sites. The
      calculation of these parameters is given. This is followed by an analysis of the
      practical problems involved in biochemical assays: (a) receptor protein
      stabilization, choice and concentration of radioligand, determination of
      incubation conditions (time and temperature) for the measurement of the number of
      binding sites in an exchange assay; (b) the various methods of separating bound
      from free steroid are discussed and their respective advantages and disadvantages
      as routine methods as opposed to research techniques are probed. The case of
      receptor determinations in human pathological tissues is analysed next with
      special emphasis on sample preparation, stabilization, storage and transport and
      also on plasma contamination and tissue heterogeneity. The various methods that
      can be used to detect steroid binding sites in pathological tissues are
      described: (i) biochemical techniques, (ii) autoradiography, (iii)
      histochemistry, in order to highlight their respective merits for the selection
      of hormone-sensitive pathological tissues.

PMID- 6361671
TI  - [Quality control of the assay of receptors in human breast tumors].
AB  - Many technical problems are encountered when measuring estradiol and progesterone
      receptors in breast tumors biopsies. They are due to both intrinsic
      characteristics of the tissue, and to receptors instability. Suggestions are made
      to establish an internal quality control in each laboratory at the different
      steps: obtention and storage of biopsies, purity checking of the reagents,
      control of the assay protocol, and calculations. Several methods to prepare
      control pools have been proposed. They use either mammary tumors or animal target
      organs, and stable concentrations of receptors have been obtained by storage in
      liquid nitrogen or lyophilization. Published studies have demonstrated important
      interlaboratory variations. These discrepancies might be in part reduced by using
      the same assay protocol in the different participating laboratories.

PMID- 6361673
TI  - [Drill biopsy and puncture biopsy for the determination of hormone receptors].
AB  - The assays of estrogen (ER) and even more progesterone (PR) receptors are highly
      required to elaborate the therapeutic strategy adapted to every breast cancer. In
      order to get this information in the absence of surgery (conservative treatment),
      three types of tissue sampling are available: drill-biopsy, "thru-cut", and fine
      needle aspiration. Reliable estimates of ER or PR can be obtained on drill-biopsy
      or "thru-cut" samples in about 80% of breast tumors measuring more than 2 cm.
      Fine-needle aspiration allows, up to now, only ER assay, in about 80% of all
      breast tumors.

PMID- 6361672
TI  - [Anatomopathology of breast cancer and hormone receptors].
AB  - The authors present the results obtained from a series of 511 operable
      adenocarcinomas (were excluded sarcoma, non infiltrating carcinoma and tumours
      too small for dosage). Estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors were
      determined on the cytosol with a single saturating-dose method (5nM). The cut-off
      between positive and negative tumours was 100 fm/g tissue with a border area (100
      200 fm/g). Correlation between ER, PR and the followed histological characters
      were studied: 1) Anatomic size of the tumour: no correlation was found. 2)
      Histological type: there was a significant correlation (p less than 0.001)
      between ER, PR and current histological types: among the infiltrating ductal
      carcinoma, the highly differentiated ones were more often ER+, PR+ (69%) than the
      atypical one (33%). This correlation remained according to the hormonal status of
      the patients. The particular types but infiltrating lobular carcinoma were mainly
      without receptors. 3) Histological grading: there was a significant correlation
      (p less than 0.001) between this character and the (ER, PR) rate of the tumour:
      25% of the tumours of grade III were (ER+, PR+) against 57% of the grade I. As
      for the histological type, this correlation remained according to the hormonal
      status of the patients. 4) Stromal reaction: there was a significant correlation
      between (ER, PR) and inflammatory reaction (p = 0.002) or elastosis (p = 0.002)
      respectively. Inflammatory reaction was more often reported in tumours without
      receptors (73% in ER-, PR- tumours against 56% in ER+, PR+ ones). On the
      opposite, elastosis was correlated with the presence of receptors (52% in ER+,
      PR+ tumours against 34% in ER-, PR- ones). 5) Lymph-nodes involvement: no
      correlation was found with hormonal receptors (47% ER+, PR+ in the N- cases
      against 48% in the N+ cases).

PMID- 6361674
TI  - [Steroid hormone receptors in benign breast diseases].
AB  - Benign breast diseases generally occur in women with progesterone insufficiency
      and an unopposed estrogen status. This hormonal imbalance is also a main risk
      factor for breast cancer in the long run. The presence of estradiol and
      progesterone receptors in benign breast disease are additional proof of their
      hormone dependence. The level of receptors is higher when the epithelial
      cellularity is high and also in more recent lesions, and younger women. The level
      and subcellular location of the receptors also depend on the endogenous secretion
      of steroids: their level varies throughout the menstrual cycle, and it is maximal
      at the end of the follicular phase, due to the high estradiol secretion. The
      cytosol and nuclear level and location of the receptors are also modified by
      hormonal therapy: estrogen-progestagens given as a contraceptive, or progestins
      given as a substitutive and antiestrogen therapy. These modifications constitute
      a biochemical basis for the hormonal progestagen treatment of benign breast
      diseases.

PMID- 6361675
TI  - [Effects and mechanism of action of antiestrogens in breast cancer].
AB  - Tamoxifen, a non-steroidal antioestrogen, is currently used to treat post
      menopausal breast cancer. In oestrogen-sensitive breast cancer cell lines,
      tamoxifen and some of its metabolites display, for the induction of oestrogen
      regulated proteins, a partial agonist/antagonist activity. They also inhibit
      totally the proliferation of these cells. Evidence is given, which suggests that
      the pharmacological properties of these antioestrogens are mediated by the
      oestrogen receptor. These antioestrogens interact with the oestrogen receptor but
      they appear to induce only a partial or altered activation of the receptor. This
      partial or altered activation and the competition with oestrogens for binding to
      the oestrogen receptor could explain the oestrogen agonist/antagonist properties
      of antioestrogens.

PMID- 6361676
TI  - Radiology and the history of child abuse.

PMID- 6361678
TI  - Rapid diagnosis of group B streptococcal infection utilizing a commercially
      available latex agglutination assay.
AB  - The Wellcogen Strep B latex assay rapidly identifies all cases of culture
      positive sepsis and meningitis and may be more sensitive than standard culture
      techniques for identifying group B Streptococcus disease and assessing the degree
      of severity. The quantitation of antigen concentration combined with the
      peripheral WBC count proves helpful in predicting poor outcome.

PMID- 6361677
TI  - Pulmonary hemodynamic and ultrastructural changes associated with Group B
      streptococcal toxemia in adult sheep and newborn lambs.
AB  - A toxin isolated from Group B beta-hemolytic streptococci, Type III was infused
      into adult sheep and newborn lambs. A two-phased reaction was observed. There was
      an initial phase of pulmonary hypertension and high flow of protein-poor lymph.
      This was followed by a second phase when pressures returned to baseline but lymph
      flow remained twice the baseline values and protein concentration in lymph
      increased. During the second phase there was a significant increase in lymph
      protein clearance, suggestive of increased microvascular permeability to protein.
      The absolute granulocyte count decreased to 10% of baseline values by 60 min
      after the infusion, and was followed by a variable return to baseline. The sheep
      with the largest changes in protein clearance were those who had the slowest
      return to baseline values. Pathologic examination of lung tissue revealed there
      was capillary dilation, interstitial edema, and large numbers of granulocytes in
      the lungs. The basement membranes of both capillaries and arterioles showed
      disruption and widening, along with fragmentation of the internal elastic
      membrane. This study provides morphologic and physiologic evidence of increased
      pulmonary vascular permeability after injection of streptococcal toxin associated
      with granulocyte trapping in the lung. We postulate that granulocytes may be
      involved as mediators of the pulmonary vascular injury.

PMID- 6361679
TI  - Vasodilator therapy in children: acute and chronic effects in children with left
      ventricular dysfunction or mitral regurgitation.
AB  - To determine the acute and chronic effects of vasodilator therapy in children,
      vasodilator therapy was evaluated in 13 children (aged 0.2 to 14.5 years) with
      severe left ventricular dysfunction or mitral regurgitation. In seven children,
      nitroprusside increased cardiac index by an average of 33% (P less than .01) and
      increased stroke index by 29% (P less than .01). In eight children, hydralazine
      caused a 31% increase in cardiac index (P less than .01) and a 27% increase in
      stroke index (P less than .02). Ten children received chronic oral vasodilator
      therapy and were followed for 5.7 +/- 1.4 (SEM) months. Early clinical
      improvement was observed in every child. Symptoms of heart failure diminished in
      all, and five children became entirely asymptomatic. A significant (P less than
      .05) improvement was noted in growth velocity, respiratory rate, heart size, and
      incidence of gallop rhythm after 1 month of therapy. The duration of the
      beneficial response to vasodilator therapy varied considerably, however, and
      significant improvement for the group was not found after 1 month. Four children
      had sustained clinical improvement for 6 months or longer, but the others
      experienced recurrent heart failure within 1 to 4 months.

PMID- 6361680
TI  - [Cytological study of the bronchial secretion in children with nonspecific lung
      diseases].

PMID- 6361681
TI  - [Function of the insular apparatus of the pancreas in Duchenne's progressive
      muscular dystrophy].

PMID- 6361682
TI  - [Diagnostic value of urinary immunofluorescence in children].

PMID- 6361683
TI  - [History of the organization and development of sanatorium services to children].

PMID- 6361684
TI  - [A. A. Koltypin--scientist, physician, social activist (on the 100th anniversary
      of his birth)].

PMID- 6361685
TI  - A history lesson for today: the creation of the State Board.

PMID- 6361686
TI  - Home health agencies and community nursing services accredited by NLN/APHA.
      October 1983.

PMID- 6361687
TI  - [Peritoneal dialysis-- 60-year anniversary and expansion through CAPD].

PMID- 6361688
TI  - [Conclusions relating to a controlled trial in the Oslo study: Can an altered
      life style delay the occurrence of coronary disease?].

PMID- 6361689
TI  - [The Nobel Prize 1983 to Barbara McClintock - the Mendel of our time].

PMID- 6361690
TI  - A simplified and accurate technique for single-cast restorations.

PMID- 6361691
TI  - The role of cellular cooperation in thromboplastin synthesis.
AB  - Increasing evidence [1, 2, 3] demonstrates the clinical importance of monocyte
      thromboplastin synthesis in the pathogenesis of thrombosis and disseminated
      intravascular coagulation. Among the first to describe this was the group of the
      late F Josso [4, 5]. In addition, monocytes and macrophages appear to contribute
      to fibrin deposition in inflammatory lesions [6, 7]. Several procoagulant
      substances have been reported to appear in monocyte cultures. Among these,
      thromboplastin is the most potent and probably also the most important and well
      studied. Based as it is on our own work, this brief review will deal only with
      thromboplastin. It is a phospholipid-protein complex, consisting in human
      material of one species of protein (apoprotein III) mol. wt. approximately 52,000
      surrounded by phospholipids [8] in an optimal molecular ratio of
      apoprotein:phospholipids of approximately 1:80 [9]. Apoprotein III is an integral
      membrane glycoprotein which apparently is located mainly on the outside of the
      plasma membrane. The molecular weight has recently been confirmed in our
      laboratory by Western blotting, using a monoclonal antibody to apoprotein III
      developed here (Johnsen, unpublished).

PMID- 6361692
TI  - [2 blood historians, or response of Lucien Levy-Bruhl and Wifredo Lam to Jean
      Bernard].
AB  - To illustrate some features of Jean Bernard's last book le sang et l'histoire we
      publish extracts from the work by Lucien Levy-Bruhl entitled le surnaturel et la
      nature de la mentalite primitive, a page of drawings by Wifredo Lam, and a brief
      commentary on the place of Lucien Levy-Bruhl in the French School of Sociology
      and on the significance of blood in the art of Wifredo Lam.

PMID- 6361693
TI  - A case for patient teaching.

PMID- 6361694
TI  - Nursing the Christmas spirit.

PMID- 6361695
TI  - Ambassadors of the king.

PMID- 6361696
TI  - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. 10. Birth of a profession.

PMID- 6361697
TI  - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. 10. Virgins and viragos.

PMID- 6361698
TI  - Where do we go from here?

PMID- 6361699
TI  - Profile: small wonders. Interview by Alison Morton.

PMID- 6361700
TI  - [New possibilities in the treatment of pulmonary emphysema based on the knowledge
      of the pathogenetic mechanisms of this disease].

PMID- 6361701
TI  - Netilmicin sulfate: a comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity,
      pharmacokinetics, adverse reactions and clinical efficacy.
AB  - Netilmicin, the 1-N-ethyl derivative of sisomicin, is a new aminoglycoside
      antibiotic that was recently marketed in the United States. Its role in
      therapeutics is not yet established. The pharmacokinetic profile of netilmicin is
      very similar to that of gentamicin. Its antimicrobial spectrum and clinical
      efficacy is similar to that of gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin. It is less
      active in vitro against Pseudomonas aeruginosa that gentamicin and tobramycin,
      but in clinical trials the efficacy of netilmicin against the organism has been
      similar to other aminoglycosides. Netilmicin is active against some gentamicin
      and tobramycin-resistant strains of gram-negative bacilli, particularly those
      harboring adenylating and phosphorylation enzymes. Most of these strains are
      sensitive to amikacin as well, and amikacin is also active against most
      netilmicin-resistant strains of these bacteria. Therefore, amikacin remains the
      aminoglycoside of choice against gentamicin tobramycin and netilmicin-resistant
      gram-negative bacilli. In comparison to other currently available
      aminoglycosides, a lower frequency of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity has been
      observed in laboratory animals given netilmicin. This has not been unequivocally
      demonstrated in humans. The frequency of nephrotoxicity in humans has been
      similar to that of other aminoglycosides. The frequency of ototoxicity associated
      with netilmicin in humans has been low but not significantly less than in other
      aminoglycosides, except in one trial. If further studies document a significantly
      lower frequency of ototoxicity with netilmicin, it may become the aminoglycoside
      of choice for patients with significant risk factors for ototoxicity, such as
      advanced age, renal impairment, concomitant ototoxic drug therapy and prolonged
      aminoglycoside administration.

PMID- 6361702
TI  - Evaluation of new indomethacin dosage forms.
AB  - Indomethacin, an indole derivative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been
      available since the early 1960s in gelatin capsules. In 1982, a sustained release
      product, Indocin SR, was marketed. Awaiting marketing approval is a unique
      controlled release form of indomethacin, Indos. The disposition of indomethacin
      includes enterohepatic cycling and extensive metabolism to inactive metabolites.
      Enterohepatic cycling makes interpretation of bioavailability estimates of
      indomethacin dosage forms difficult. The relationship of indomethacin plasma
      concentration to therapeutic effects and side effects is inconclusive. It appears
      in vivo prostaglandin inhibition occurs at very low plasma concentrations that
      are achievable with all available dosage forms. Indocin SR is a sustained release
      capsule of indomethacin designed to deliver 25 mg of drug immediately and 50 mg
      gradually. Absolute bioavailability of the product is 80%. The plasma
      concentration-time curves do not show good sustained release characteristics;
      after four hours plasma concentrations resemble those seen with a single dose of
      regular capsule. The cost compared with Indocin is competitive. Indos is a zero
      order release form of indomethacin. It is a unique drug delivery system that
      shows good controlled release characteristics. Bioavailability is 85%. Both
      Indocin SR and Indos are apparently therapeutically equivalent to indomethacin
      capsules. In elderly patients, Indos has been shown to be associated with fewer
      side effects than Indocin. Both Indocin SR and Indos have the advantage of once
      or twice daily dosing.

PMID- 6361703
TI  - Long-acting propranolol (Inderal LA): pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and
      therapeutic use.
AB  - Long-acting propranolol (Inderal LA) is a new formulation of propranolol that
      allows release of the drug in a controlled manner, so that the plasma
      concentration at 24 hr after dosing is greater with long-acting propranolol than
      with conventional tablets. A single dose of 160 mg of long-acting propranolol can
      produce cardiac beta-adrenoceptor blockade throughout a 24 hr period without
      variability due to multiple peak concentrations. It has been shown that this
      formulation is as effective in the treatment of angina pectoris, hypertension and
      hyperthyroidism as the standard formulation. Studies with long-acting propranolol
      in cardiac dysrhythmias are lacking. This new dosage form would be a means of
      simplifying dosing regimens and thereby hopefully enhancing patient convenience
      and compliance.

PMID- 6361704
TI  - [Endocrine function of the pancreas in patients with acute and chronic renal
      failure].

PMID- 6361705
TI  - [Acute adult respiratory distress syndrome].

PMID- 6361707
TI  - Congenital syphilis: a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma.
AB  - Seventy-eight newborn infants born to mothers with serologic evidence of syphilis
      (positive serum rapid plasma reagin and fluorescent treponemal antibody
      absorption tests) were prospectively evaluated to derive diagnostic and
      therapeutic criteria for congenital syphilis. Sixty-one infants were asymptomatic
      with normal serum IgM and normal roentgenograms (Group I). Eight infants had
      clinical and/or laboratory evidence of infection at birth (Group II). Nine
      infants presented with late onset infection (Group III). Elevated serum IgM and
      abnormal roentgenologic findings were consistently present in symptomatic infants
      in Groups II and III. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination was normal in all
      asymptomatic infants and in all infants with late onset disease. One of the eight
      infants in Group II examined at birth had positive CSF Venereal Disease Research
      Laboratory determinations, but all other CSF findings were within normal limits,
      and a second infant with a slight increase in CSF protein had no clinical
      evidence of central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Of those asymptomatic
      infants who returned for follow-up 75% and 100% were seronegative by 3 and 6
      months, respectively. The symptomatic infants remained seropositive up to 18
      months of age. Infants who had no clinical evidence of CNS involvement at birth
      remained normal at follow-up and had normal CSF findings. The two infants with
      CNS symptoms at birth continued to have developmental delay despite normal CSF
      findings. The incidence of CNS involvement in congenital syphilis appears to be
      extremely low. The value of routine spinal fluid examination is discussed.

PMID- 6361706
TI  - Comparison of three major antigen detection methods for the diagnosis of Group B
      streptococcal sepsis in neonates.
AB  - Because of the difficulty encountered in diagnosing early onset Group B
      streptococcal disease (GBS) in neonates and because of the proliferation of tests
      to detect the antigen in urine, we made qualitative and quantitative comparisons
      among the three major, commercially available, antigen detection systems. The
      methods compared were Wellcogen latex agglutination, Phadebact coagglutination,
      and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE). We tested urine, with or without serum,
      and tracheal or gastric aspirates from 176 neonates admitted to Columbus
      Children's Hospital, with suspected GBS disease. Wellcogen and Phadebact were
      equally sensitive indicators of neonatal GBS sepsis (100%) as compared to CIE
      which was only 30% sensitive. CIE, however, did not produce any false-positives
      (100% specificity) while Phadebact coagglutination and Wellcogen latex
      agglutination were approximately 98% specific. As a side bar to the main study,
      we also set out to determine whether tracheal or gastric aspirates would be
      consistent and convenient sources of antigen as compared to urine. Consequently
      we determined that neither aspirate is a good source of antigen as performed by
      our method.

PMID- 6361708
TI  - Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in the office laboratory.
AB  - The performance, quality control and interpretation of antimicrobial
      susceptibility tests are a complex affair. Fortunately empiric oral antimicrobial
      therapy usually suffices for most nonsystemic pediatric bacterial infections
      which would ordinarily be treated on an outpatient basis (e.g. otitis media,
      streptococcal pharyngitis, pyoderma, UTI). Common pediatric pathogens such as H.
      influenzae and S. pneumoniae require uncommon expertise and complex systems for
      appropriate susceptibility testing. Direct susceptibility testing of urine
      specimens is the only current antimicrobial test that can be practically and
      reliable performed in most office laboratories. Access to a reliable reference
      laboratory with appropriate quality control systems is essential for other
      antimicrobial susceptibility testing needs.

PMID- 6361709
TI  - Tularemia in children.

PMID- 6361710
TI  - Bombesin stimulates insulin secretion and reduces food intake in the baboon.
AB  - Baboons received a 5-minute intravenous infusion of either saline or bombesin
      (BBS; 1-4 micrograms/kg) following 3 1/2 or 16 1/2 hours of food deprivation and
      were then allowed to eat for 30 minutes. Plasma insulin was significantly
      elevated following five minutes of BBS infusion, but there was no change of
      plasma glucose over the same interval. Bombesin infusion resulted in a dose
      dependent decrease of food intake that was independent of deprivation time.
      Plasma insulin levels following the 30-minute meal were significantly depressed
      after BBS infusions such that there was essentially no change of plasma insulin
      over the duration of the meal, even though the baboons did not totally suppress
      their food intake. Following 3 1/2 hours food deprivation, BBS suppressed the
      post-prandial rise of plasma glucose in a dose-dependent manner. The results
      provide further evidence that BBS and/or structurally-related peptides are
      involved in the regulation of feeding and metabolism.

PMID- 6361711
TI  - [Intra-erythrocytic sodium and plasma renin activity in primary arterial
      hypertension before and after furosemide therapy].

PMID- 6361712
TI  - [Heart damage after treatment of neoplasms with cytostatics].

PMID- 6361713
TI  - [25th anniversary of the Prof. Boleslaw Szarecki Military Medical Academy].

PMID- 6361714
TI  - [Activity of various lysosomal enzymes of neutrophils in the initial period of
      hemodialysis in patients with chronic uremia].

PMID- 6361715
TI  - [The circulatory system in chronic uremia].

PMID- 6361716
TI  - [Beta 2 microglobulin in the urine of workers exposed to vapors of non-ferrous
      metals].

PMID- 6361718
TI  - [Diffuse interstitial pneumonitis. Possible responsibility of amiodarone. Apropos
      of a case and review of the literature].
AB  - We report the case of a 65 years old woman treated for 20 months with Amiodarone
      for angina who presented a picture of diffuse interstitial pneumonitis of rapid
      onset and of marked severity, which totally resolved once the drug was suspended
      and following the administration of steroid therapy. This raises the problem of
      the responsibility of Amiodarone in the aetiology of diffuse interstitial
      pneumonitis. We present 12 cases from the literature which also raise the
      question of the responsibility of this drug.

PMID- 6361719
TI  - [Acquired tracheomalacia in adults: value of spontaneous ventilation with
      positive end expiratory pressure].
AB  - The authors report a case of acquired tracheomalacia occurring in an adult with a
      definitive tracheostomy. They make a review of the clinical, radiological and
      bronchological features of tracheomalacia. They insist on the pathophysiology and
      report the first case successfully treated with spontaneous ventilation and end
      expiratory positive pressure.

PMID- 6361720
TI  - Specificity and crossreactivity of immune serum and hybridoma antibodies to
      various species of avian coccidia.
AB  - The species-specificity and crossreactivity of serum antibodies (Ab) from birds
      immunized specifically with six different species of coccidia and of 24 hybridoma
      antibodies (Ab) developed against four species of chicken and two species of
      turkey coccidia were determined by use of the indirect immunofluorescent antibody
      (IFA) test on air-dried sporozoites. With few exceptions, the immune chicken sera
      were found to crossreact with all species of coccidia tested. Seven of the
      hybridoma Ab were species-specific, while the other 17 Ab demonstrated varying
      degrees of crossreactivity. Similar types of IFA patterns were seen with both the
      species-specific and crossreactive hybridoma Ab. Some of the crossreactive
      hybridoma Ab produced one type of IFA pattern with the sporozoites against which
      they were originally raised and different patterns with other species of
      sporozoites. The development of the hybridoma Ab has made it possible to identify
      the species of coccidia found in mixed infections and check the purity of
      laboratory strains.

PMID- 6361721
TI  - Treatment of otitis media in children. A comparison between cefaclor and
      amoxycillin.

PMID- 6361722
TI  - The computer in general practice.

PMID- 6361717
TI  - Nobel lecture. Adventures and excursions in bioassay--the stepping stones to
      prostacyclin.

PMID- 6361724
TI  - Analysis of normal and abnormal amniotic fluid cells in vitro by cinemicrography.
AB  - Time-lapse cinemicrography has been used to study cell behaviour and movement in
      long- and short-term amniotic fluid cultures from various types of fetus. These
      included several with a neural tube defect (9 anencephalics, 5 spina bifidas, 2
      encephaloceles), 1 with an abdominal wall lesion (omphalocele) and 9 controls
      with no open lesion. In short-term (less than 3 days) amniotic fluid cultures
      from normal fetuses, non-adherent squamous cells dominate, but there is a small
      population of cells which, in the longer term (approximately 4 weeks), will form
      colonies of epithelioid and fibroblastic cells. In addition, there is a further
      group, called 'AF' by Hoehn et al. (1974), which have the ability to form
      syncitial strands and are often multinucleated; these cells seem to be
      trophoblastic in origin. In contrast to the controls, short-term anencephalic
      cultures contained many adherent cells; these were mainly latex-particle
      phagocytosing macrophages and neural cells. In long-term cultures, the neural
      cells dominate and differentiate into a range of recognizable forms whose type
      and behaviour seem to depend on cell density, time in culture and extent of cell
      cell contacts. In the spina bifida and encephalocele cultures, there were
      initially far fewer adherent cells than in the anencephalic ones, but, after
      approximately 2 weeks in vitro, a range of neural cell types could be recognized
      in addition to those seen in the controls. In the context of prenatal diagnosis,
      the presence of neural cells certainly indicates that the fetus has a NTD, but
      the difficulty of standardizing culture conditions implies that any differential
      diagnosis on the basis or morphology and movement will be difficult. If, as seems
      likely, the AF cells of Hoehn et al. (1974) are indeed trophoblastic, amniotic
      fluids from the second trimester may provide a useful source of these cells.

PMID- 6361723
TI  - [1-second value and oscillatory airway resistance in the evaluation of the
      effectiveness of beta-adrenergic agents under general practice conditions].

PMID- 6361725
TI  - [Antihypertensive therapy in chronic kidney failure. Comparison of pharmacologic
      effect of metolazone and furosemide].

PMID- 6361726
TI  - [Sudden death in the 1st year of life. Current state of knowledge - an overview
      for the practicing physician].

PMID- 6361727
TI  - [Comparative double-blind clinical study of co-tetroxazine and amoxicillin in
      common ENT infections].

PMID- 6361728
TI  - [Bacteriology, mycology and parasitology of the vagina. Microscopic findings in
      smears].

PMID- 6361729
TI  - [The evolution of modern cardiology].

PMID- 6361730
TI  - Preventive prosthodontics. a philosophical approach to complete denture design.

PMID- 6361731
TI  - The negative stressbreaker cantilever bridge.

PMID- 6361732
TI  - The negative stressbreaker cantilever bridge.

PMID- 6361733
TI  - [Effect of insulin on kidney function and water-electrolyte balance in intact
      dogs and dogs with alloxan diabetes].

PMID- 6361734
TI  - Proceedings of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association--European Renal
      Association. Twentieth Congress, London, England, 1983.

PMID- 6361735
TI  - Glucose, insulin and C-peptide kinetics during continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis.
AB  - The insulin and C-peptide kinetics due to glucose (50 g), given intraperitoneally
      or enterally has been compared in five non-diabetic patients on continuous
      ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The fasting C-peptide concentrations were
      three to ten times the normal values whereas the fasting plasma insulin
      concentrations were within normal limits. After intraperitoneal glucose
      administration a more marked hyperglycaemia (p less than 0.05) and a more long
      lasting hyperinsulinaemia (p less than 0.05) was found than after the enteral
      glucose load. The relative change in plasma C-peptide was slower and less
      pronounced in both experiments. C-peptide concentration in plasma did not differ
      significantly between the two experiments. Estimated total body clearance (Kt)
      for insulin was higher than for C-peptide (p less than 0.01), but dialysis
      clearance (Kd) for C-peptide was higher than for insulin in both experiments (p
      less than 0.01).

PMID- 6361736
TI  - Combined report on regular dialysis and transplantation in Europe, XIII, 1982.

PMID- 6361737
TI  - 'Y' connector system for prevention of peritonitis in CAPD: a controlled study.
AB  - To compare the efficacy of the standard Oreopoulos CAPD system with that of a new
      method consisting of a Y-shaped set filled with sodium hypochlorite during the
      dwelling time, a randomised controlled study was performed in 62 new CAPD
      patients. Life table analysis showed a significantly (p less than 0.001) less
      frequent incidence of peritonitis in the group treated with the Y connector
      system. This study shows that the Y system appears to be effective in reducing
      the incidence of peritonitis, as compared with the standard technique, in
      patients on the CAPD programme. The method is simple and economical and the
      incidence and the severity of side effects appear to be acceptable.

PMID- 6361738
TI  - Effects of blood transfusions on renal transplants: considering exclusive blood
      products and donor relationship.

PMID- 6361739
TI  - Prognostic factors at the time of renal retransplantation.
AB  - One hundred and eighty-two patients with a second cadaver (CD) transplant
      performed during 1969-80 showed similar patient and graft survival to that of 535
      recipients of first CD grafts. Loss of the first graft after 12 months resulted
      in a significantly higher second graft survival (GS II) than loss in early acute
      rejection within three months, 71 per cent vs 34 per cent at one year (p less
      than 0.01). A high frequency of presensitised patients was observed (53%) which
      negatively influenced the GS II, at one year 55 per cent vs 40 per cent for
      patients without and with antibodies (p less than 0.01). A good HLA-A, B match
      and absence of antibodies positively influenced GS II. Blood transfusions prior
      to the first transplantation did not influence survival of the second graft.

PMID- 6361740
TI  - Different prednisolone pharmacokinetics in Cushingoid and non-Cushingoid kidney
      transplant patients.
AB  - Prednisolone pharmacokinetics have been compared in 16 Cushingoid and 46 non
      Cushingoid long term kidney transplant recipients. The Cushingoid patients had a
      significantly (p less than 0.05) higher peak concentration, a longer elimination
      half-time, a greater area under the time-concentration curve of total and free
      prednisolone, and a lower total body clearance of prednisolone. It is suggested
      that prednisolone pharmacodynamics may be influenced by pharmacokinetic
      differences, and that differences in renal function may be an important
      contributing factor.

PMID- 6361741
TI  - Renal allograft survival in patients transfused perioperatively only.
AB  - We investigated in a prospective study the effects of perioperative blood
      transfusions on the outcome of renal transplantation. All patients (n = 105)
      receiving their first cadaveric renal allograft were transfused perioperatively
      (i.e. 0-6 hours before transplantation) with two units of non-washed, unfiltered
      packed red cells. Forty-eight were transfused perioperatively only; 57 patients
      had received blood earlier and thus were transfused pre- and perioperatively.
      Graft survival one and two years post-transplant was 79 per cent at both time
      intervals in the group transfused perioperatively only, and 85 per cent and 74
      per cent in the pre- and peroperatively transfused group. No adverse effects were
      observed concerning perioperative transfusions. In patients transfused
      perioperatively only, acceptable graft survival rates are obtainable. In these
      patients the risk or presensitisation is avoided, and thus their chance of
      successful transplantation increased.

PMID- 6361742
TI  - A new mechanism of humoral immunodepression in chronic renal failure and its
      importance to dialysis and transplantation.
AB  - Whilst chronic renal failure (CRF) patients are known to have an impaired immune
      response the explanation is unclear. We investigated the immunosuppressive effect
      of plasma from CRF patients on an in vitro assay of normal lymphocyte function.
      One hundred and sixty regular dialysis patients had significantly greater plasma
      suppressive activity (PSA) than that of normal healthy subjects. PSA decreased
      after haemodialysis but increased after blood transfusion. Renal allograft
      recipients with low PSA were more likely to have accelerated rejection. Assay of
      the functional capacity of plasma for inhibiting protease (e.g. plasmin,
      thrombin, trypsin) suggest that high PSA is associated with the excess formation
      of protease-inhibitor complexes and liberation of immunoregulatory peptide (less
      than 10,000 daltons).

PMID- 6361743
TI  - Pretransplant antibodies and renal allograft survival.
AB  - Fc receptor blocking antibodies directed against autologous lymphocytes were
      present in pretransplant sera from only one of a group of 24 cadaver donor renal
      transplant recipients. Such antibodies were present in recipient sera against B
      lymphocytes from the donor in 11/24, against normal B lymphocytes in 12/24 and
      against leukaemic B lymphocytes in 15/24 cases. There was a significant
      correlation between EA inhibiting antibodies directed against donor (p less than
      0.01), normal (p less than 0.05) and leukaemic B lymphocytes (p less than 0.001)
      and improved one year allograft survival. No autolymphocytotoxic antibodies were
      detected. Fc receptor blocking antibodies detected by the Erythrocyte Antibody
      Inhibition assay may thus have a beneficial effect on graft outcome but do not
      appear to be autoantibodies.

PMID- 6361744
TI  - Detection of lymphocyte subsets in renal graft biopsy by monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies were used to study infiltrating cell subpopulations in 12
      graft biopsy specimens taken from 12 patients during rejection episodes. A
      preponderance of T lymphocytes in the renal interstitium was observed in most
      cases, with a higher percentage of suppressor/cytotoxic cells. No correlation was
      documented between the type and severity of rejection and the percentage of the
      various infiltrating cells.

PMID- 6361745
TI  - Early detection of obstructed ureter by ultrasound following renal
      transplantation.
AB  - Serial ultrasound examinations were carried out following 144 renal transplants.
      Eleven patients (8%) required surgery for ureteric obstruction and in all cases
      the ultrasound correctly identified the obstruction at an early stage. One false
      positive result was obtained with the ultrasound and this compared favourably
      with both the intravenous urogram (IVU) and isotope renogram. There were false
      positive and false negative results with both the IVU and renogram in addition to
      which neither of these techniques, particularly the IVU, is as simple or
      atraumatic for the patient as the ultrasound. Serial ultrasound examinations have
      a useful role in the detection of ureteric obstruction as well as being of value
      in the detection of perinephric fluid collections and acute rejection.

PMID- 6361747
TI  - Prevention of osteonecrosis following renal transplantation by using vitamin D2
      (ergocalciferol).
AB  - Osteonecrosis is a frequently disabling complication of renal transplantation.
      Thirty-one of 244 patients (12.7%), who received cadaver renal transplants from
      1968 to 1978 developed an osteonecrosis. An analysis of 14 possible risk factors
      suggested that only the following were significantly more frequent in the
      osteonecrosis group: greater than 3 pulse doses of 1.2 g prednisolone, serum
      creatinine greater than 133 mumol/L, steroid-induced diabetes mellitus and second
      and subsequent transplantation. An important decline in the incidence of
      osteonecrosis (26.7 per cent to 6.5 per cent) was seen with prophylactic vitamin
      D2 treatment and the onset of osteonecrosis was on average one year later.
      Dangerous side effects of the large doses of vitamin D2 were minimal.
      Hypercalcaemia due to overdosage with vitamin D2 during simultaneous prednisolone
      therapy was usually mild and returned to normal in a few days by dose reduction.

PMID- 6361746
TI  - Captopril-induced deterioration of graft function in patients with a transplant
      renal artery stenosis.
AB  - We evaluated nine captopril-treated patients with transplant renal artery
      stenosis. Captopril treatment always resulted in a dramatic decrease in renal
      function; in two patients complete anuria developed. Only in two patients with a
      stenosis in one out of two renal arteries was a satisfactory fall in blood
      pressure achieved. The mechanisms which may lead to these remarkable results will
      be discussed.

PMID- 6361748
TI  - Transfusion-induced anergy: skin test as an index for pretransplant transfusions.
AB  - Cell-mediated immunity in vivo was studied by delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity
      (DCH) to seven antigens in 156 chronic haemodialysis (HD) patients, using a
      disposable multipuncture device. Anergy was found in 46.8 per cent of patients,
      and a positive correlation was seen between anergy and female sex, time on HD,
      glomerulonephritis as primary renal disease, younger age and previous blood
      transfusions (BT). The effect of BT on DCH was studied prospectively in 29
      responsive patients. A significant decrease in DCH response was seen. The
      transfusion-induced anergy remained for a variable time. The pretransplant BT
      policy suggested by our data would be to periodically undertake skin tests and to
      transfuse only responsive patients, thereby avoiding the adverse effects of
      multiple BT.

PMID- 6361749
TI  - Differential diagnosis of Cyclosporin A nephrotoxicity versus rejection by fine
      needle aspiration biopsy.
AB  - Twelve transplants with signs of graft failure and five with good function on
      CyA, were aspiration biopsied and analysed for (a) the presence of inflammation,
      (b) morphological changes in the graft parenchymal cells and (c) by indirect
      immunofluorescence for the presence of CyA in the renal tubular cells. Four
      reaction patterns were recorded: (i) good transplants with a normal serum
      creatinine, no evidence of inflammation, no parenchymal cell changes and no
      deposits of CyA in the graft; (ii) patients with elevated serum creatinine, no
      inflammation but distinct parenchymal cell changes and massive deposits of CyA
      (i.e., nephrotoxicity); (iii) patients with elevated serum creatinine, distinct
      inflammation in situ, modest tubular cell changes and no CyA in the graft (i.e.,
      rejection); and (iv) patients with elevated serum creatinine, distinct
      inflammation in situ, distinct tubular cell changes and concomitant deposits of
      CyA (i.e., nephrotoxicity and rejection). CyA deposits in the graft had only a
      marginal relationship to drug dose and concentration of the drug in serum. When
      the dose was reduced, the deposits rapidly disappeared and tubular cell changes
      resolved. We recommend the FNAB for differentiating between nephrotoxicity and
      rejection in renal transplants.

PMID- 6361750
TI  - Improved graft prognosis by treatment of steroid resistant rejections with ATG
      and plasmapheresis.
AB  - Conventional therapy of acute rejection is almost exclusively based on increased
      steroid dosage, however, a considerable number of grafts undergo irreversible
      steroid resistant rejection (SRR). We investigated in a prospective study the
      effects of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and plasmafiltration (PF) in cases of
      SRR. Acute interstitial rejections were treated with ATG, acute vascular
      rejections with PF. Thirty-nine of 42 (93%) cases of SRR were reversed by these
      forms of therapy. In 68 recipients of first cadaveric renal allografts actuarial
      one year graft survival has improved to 88 (+/- 5) per cent since the
      introduction of ATG and PF for SRR. Severe side effects or increased mortality
      were not observed, none of the patients with either form of therapy died. Thus
      ATG and PF are valuable adjuncts in the treatment of SRR.

PMID- 6361751
TI  - Formation of renal stones may be prevented by restoring normal urinary
      composition.

PMID- 6361752
TI  - The mechanism of formation of renal stone crystals.
AB  - Typical renal stone minerals such as the calcium phosphates and oxalate hydrates
      may nucleate, grow, or dissolve in the fluctuating concentration conditions of
      the urinary tract. A study has been made of the rates of formation of these
      minerals under conditions in which the concentrations of ionic species were
      maintained constant by the potentiometrically controlled addition of lattice
      ions. The kinetic studies were made under conditions of low supersaturation
      similar to those in vivo and, in the case of calcium phosphates, at least three
      solid phases have been shown to participate in the overall reaction depending
      upon factors such as pH, nature and concentration of supporting medium,
      supersaturation, ionic strength, temperature, and the presence of inhibitors of
      crystallisation. For the calcium oxalates, the mineralisation process may involve
      the initial precipitation of less stable hydrates before conversion to the most
      stable whewellite. Urinary stone inhibitors may have a considerable influence in
      stabilising thermodynamically less stable hydrates.

PMID- 6361753
TI  - Placebo versus allopurinol for recurrent urinary calculi.

PMID- 6361754
TI  - Critical evaluation of various forms of therapy for idiopathic calcium stone
      disease.
AB  - The results are presented of the dietary management, alone or in association with
      thiazides and/or allopurinol, evaluated in 143 idiopathic calcium stone formers
      after a mean follow-up of 18 months. Diet alone proved to be effective in the
      prevention of stone relapses. The addition of thiazide and/or allopurinol
      provided mild improvements of urine environment but seemed to give no further
      clinical benefits irrespective of underlying metabolic abnormalities.

PMID- 6361755
TI  - Do thiazides prevent recurrent idiopathic renal calcium oxalate stones?
AB  - In a double-blind controlled clinical trial 62 patients with recurrent idiopathic
      renal calcium oxalate stone formation were allocated either to treatment with
      bendroflumethiazide, 2.5 mg three times a day, or placebo. In each group the rate
      of stone formation during medication (average follow-up period 36 months) was
      compared with the rate of stone formation before medication (average control
      period 36 months). In both groups a similar striking fall in the rate of stone
      formation was found, indicating that thiazides in this study did not alter the
      spontaneous course of idiopathic renal calcium oxalate stone formation. It is
      doubtful whether life-long prophylaxis with thiazide is justified in patients
      with a moderate rate of stone formation.

PMID- 6361756
TI  - Effects of haemodialysis on active and inactive renin in nephric and anephric
      patients.
AB  - To investigate the origin, the mechanisms of regulation and the possible
      biological significance of inactive renin we examined the effects of
      haemodialysis on plasma active and inactive (cryoactivatable) renin in four
      anephric and in 10 nephric patients. Before haemodialysis inactive renin was
      similar in anephric and in the majority of nephric patients; this suggests that
      the source of the inactive enzyme is predominantly extrarenal. In response to
      haemodialysis active renin rose significantly in nephric patients whereas
      inactive renin showed minor and inconsistent increments in both groups. These
      results indicate that the response of the inactive enzyme to haemodialysis is
      less than that of its active counterpart and is unaffected by the presence of the
      kidneys. Therefore, it appears unlikely that inactive renin represents a
      circulating precursor of active renin.

PMID- 6361757
TI  - Plasma renin activity, blood uric acid and plasma volume in pregnancy-induced
      hypertension.
AB  - Plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone (PA), blood uric acid (BUA),
      plasma concentrations of catecholamines (Pcat) and plasma volume (PV) were
      measured simultaneously in 24 patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH).
      This hypertensive group was divided into labile (LH) and persistent hypertension
      (PH) groups according to the response of their blood pressure to home bed rest.
      Compared to normal theoretical values, PV was decreased in both hypertensive
      groups (LH = -7%; PH = -14%). Compared to a control group (C) of 16 normotensive
      pregnant women, PRA was higher in LH and lower in PH whereas PA was lower in both
      hypertensive groups. BUA was higher than in C in both hypertensive groups. No
      difference in PCat was found between the three groups. In the PH group negative
      correlations were found between BUA and PRA, as well as between BUA and PV but no
      correlation between PRA and PV nor between Pcat and BUA were found. IN
      CONCLUSION: LH and PH are two pathophysiologically different entities in PIH. In
      PH renin secretion is not appropriate to hypovolaemia and therefore not primarily
      involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Hypovolaemia may play a role in the
      increase of BUA in PIH.

PMID- 6361758
TI  - Influence of head-out water immersion on plasma renin activity, aldosterone,
      vasopressin and blood pressure in late pregnancy toxaemia.
AB  - In 39 healthy pregnant women and 45 women with mild or moderate late pregnancy
      toxaemia (LPT) the influence of head-out water immersion on blood pressure, the
      renin-aldosterone system, vasopressin and plasma osmolality was examined. Water
      immersion induced a prompt and marked fall in systolic and diastolic blood
      pressure, which was significantly higher in LPT women. Simultaneously a
      significant decrease of plasma renin activity, aldosterone and vasopressin was
      noted both in healthy and toxaemic pregnant women. In contrast to healthy
      pregnant women in LPT haemodilution was not observed in the early phase of water
      immersion.

PMID- 6361759
TI  - Chronic plasma exchange in systemic lupus erythematosus nephritis.
AB  - Thirty-nine patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and diffuse
      proliferative glomerulonephritis have been enrolled in a multi-centre randomised
      controlled prospective study of chronic 4L plasma exchange therapy performed
      every three to four weeks. In the patients randomised to the pheresis (P) group
      and who received either albumin or plasma as replacement, there was a difference
      of 33 per cent better renal function at this time in the study. This difference
      did not achieve a significance with a p value of less than 0.05. However, the 30
      patients randomised into the P group to receive albumin replacement did
      demonstrate a 50 per cent difference from the C group which was significant at a
      p value of less than 0.045. This also correlated with a statistically significant
      reduction in immune complex titres in the P versus the C groups. Chronic 4L
      plasma exchange with albumin replacement may be a useful therapeutic adjunct in
      patients with SLE and diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 6361760
TI  - The effect of preventive administration of verapamil on acute ischaemic renal
      failure in dogs.
AB  - In 15 healthy mongrel dogs the kidneys were exposed bilaterally, the renal
      pedicle was clamped on one side (control kidneys) and verapamil, 0.5 mg/kg body
      weight, was given intravenously. Ten minutes later the renal pedicle on the other
      side was clamped (verapamil group). At the end of a 60-minute ischaemic period,
      blood flow was re-established. The mean time to initiation of diuresis was
      shorter in the verapamil group and creatinine clearance was significantly higher.
      At the end of the two-hour experiment the mean fractional excretion of sodium and
      the mean urinary excretion of LDH were higher in the control group. CNa, CK, Cosm
      and Curea were significantly higher in the verapamil group during the two-hour
      period of study after revascularisation. On a statistical basis 60 minute acute
      ischaemic renal failure is significantly modified by the administration of
      verapamil.

PMID- 6361761
TI  - Studies on the glomerular filtration barrier and on the urinary excretion of
      basement membrane glycoproteins during the accelerated model of nephrotoxic serum
      nephritis.
AB  - A proliferative glomerulonephritis was induced in rats preimmunised with rabbit
      IgG by injecting a sub-nephrotoxic dose of rabbit anti-rat GBM IgG. All the rats
      developed a severe proteinuria within 2-5 days after the injection of anti-GBM
      IgG. At the same time, many mononuclear phagocytes infiltrated the glomeruli, the
      colloidal iron staining of the glomerular filtration barrier was altered, and the
      urinary excretion of laminin and of neutral proteinase strongly increased.
      However, the pattern and intensity of staining of different collagenous and non
      collagenous BM glycoproteins were not modified, as shown by indirect
      immunofluorescence microscopy. The existence of a direct significant correlation
      between the proteinuria and the laminin urinary excretion, and between the latter
      and the urinary neutral proteinase activity suggests that lysosomal proteinase of
      mononuclear phagocytes may be involved in the damage of the GBM during the course
      of this experimental glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 6361762
TI  - Intraperitoneal insulin regimens and diabetic nephropathy.
AB  - Five patients with severe diabetic nephropathy (SN) and six patients with
      moderate diabetic nephropathy (MN) have been treated with intraperitoneal (i.p.)
      insulin administered by multiple injections. The five SN patients progressed to
      end-stage kidney disease. The six MN patients (five of whom are described) show
      stabilisation (and in two cases possibly some improvement) of renal function over
      time intervals ranging from eight to 23 months.

PMID- 6361763
TI  - Progress in segmental neoprene-injected pancreas transplantation. Advantages and
      disadvantages of using Cyclosporin A.
AB  - We performed 39 neoprene-injected pancreatic transplants (38 segmental and 1
      total) in 37 insulin-dependent diabetic recipients from October 1976 to May 1983.
      The best results were obtained when the pancreas was transplanted simultaneously
      with the kidney (25 cases). The use of Cyclosporin A (CyA) for immunosuppression
      did not reduce the early pancreatic failures, but it seems to have slightly
      improved the long-term survival. The glycaemic control was better in patients
      treated by CyA alone than in those receiving steroids. The main side effects of
      CyA were nephrotoxicity and some immunoglobulin abnormalities with or without
      lymphoproliferative disorders occurring after treatment with CyA and ALG.

PMID- 6361764
TI  - Renal and pancreatic transplantation in the treatment of diabetic renal failure.
AB  - Twenty-two diabetic patients with renal failure have entered an integrated
      dialysis and transplant programme in 30 months. Ten have subsequently undergone
      combined renal and segmental pancreatic transplantation, and have been followed
      for between one month and 25 months. Currently 80 per cent of the kidneys and 40
      per cent of the pancreatic grafts are functioning. Four of the 22 patients have
      died from myocardial disease. Pancreatic transplantation at the time of renal
      grafting in diabetics does not significantly increase morbidity, and currently
      offers a 40 per cent chance of freedom from exogenous insulin. The successful
      treatment of diabetic renal failure is not compromised by the addition of this
      developmental procedure.

PMID- 6361765
TI  - Combined report on regular dialysis and transplantation of children in Europe
      XII, 1982.

PMID- 6361766
TI  - Milk composition--the infant human diet.

PMID- 6361767
TI  - Milk composition and its implications in the adult diet.

PMID- 6361768
TI  - Milk composition--manufacturing properties.

PMID- 6361769
TI  - Dietary manipulation of the content and fatty acid composition of milk fat.

PMID- 6361770
TI  - Milk protein.

PMID- 6361771
TI  - Soluble milk constituents.

PMID- 6361772
TI  - Some recent developments in the study of amino acid metabolism.

PMID- 6361773
TI  - Intracellular muscle free amino acids--their measurement and function.

PMID- 6361774
TI  - Nutrient intake and protein turnover.

PMID- 6361775
TI  - Branched-chain amino acids in catabolic states.

PMID- 6361776
TI  - Amino acids--their role as an energy source.

PMID- 6361777
TI  - Amino acids in liver disease.

PMID- 6361778
TI  - Zinc deficiency in human subjects.
AB  - During the past two decades, the essentiality of zinc for man has been
      established. Deficiency of zinc in man due to nutritional factors and several
      diseased states has been recognized. High phytate content of cereal proteins
      decreases availability of zinc; thus the prevalence of zinc deficiency is likely
      to be high in a population subsisting mainly on cereal proteins. Alcoholism is
      known to cause hyperzincuria and thus may play a role in producing zinc
      deficiency in man. Malabsorption, cirrhosis of the liver, chronic renal disease
      and other chronically debilitating diseases may similarly induce zinc deficiency
      in human subjects. A severe deficiency of zinc has recently been recognized to
      occur in patients with sickle cell anemia and a beneficial effect of zinc therapy
      in such patients has been reported. Growth retardation, male hypogonadism, skin
      changes, poor appetite, mental lethargy and delayed wound healing are some of the
      manifestations of chronically zinc-deficient human subjects. Taste abnormalities,
      correctable with zinc supplementation, have been observed in uremic subjects.
      Recently, abnormal dark adaptation related to zinc deficiency in patients with
      cirrhosis of the liver and sickle cell disease has been reported. In severely
      zinc-deficient patients, dermatological manifestations, diarrhea, alopecia,
      mental disturbances and intercurrent infections predominate and if untreated the
      condition becomes fatal. Zinc deficiency is known to affect testicular functions
      adversely in man and animals. This effect of zinc is at the end organ level and
      it appears that zinc is essential for spermatogenesis and testosterone
      steroidogenesis. Zinc is involved in many biochemical functions. Several zinc
      metalloenzymes have been recognized in the past decade. Zinc is required for each
      step of cell cycle in microorganisms and is essential for DNA synthesis.
      Thymidine kinase, RNA polymerase, DNA-polymerase from various sources and RNA
      dependent DNA polymerase from viruses have been shown to be zinc-dependent
      enzymes. Zinc also regulates the activity of RNase; thus the catabolism of RNA
      appears to be zinc-dependent. The effect of zinc on protein synthesis may be
      attributable to its vital role in nucleic acid metabolism. The activities of many
      zinc-dependent enzymes have been shown to be affected adversely in zinc-deficient
      tissues. Three enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, carboxypeptidase and thymidine
      kinase, appear to be most sensitive to zinc restriction in that their activities
      are affected adversely within three to six days of institution of a zinc
      deficient diet to experimental animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6361779
TI  - Biological roles of ionic zinc.
AB  - We tentatively conclude from our work that intracellular calcium acts as a second
      messenger to affect membrane function through activation of calmodulin. This
      activation, if too great, leads to pathological erythrocyte adherence and
      aggregation phenomena. We have shown that calmodulin inhibitors can prevent some
      of these calcium-induced abnormalities. Since some of this work involves a very
      specific anticalmodulin antibody, it appears very likely that calmodulin is
      involved in producing membrane effects. Zinc appears to act upon the membrane in
      part, at least, through the inhibition of calmodulin action. Our work leads us to
      believe that zinc regulates copper absorption from the gastrointestinal tract in
      a somewhat complex manner. That is, direct zinc-copper antagonism within the
      lumen of the gastrointestinal tract is not adequate to explain the effects of
      zinc on inhibiting copper absorption in man. It appears from our work that
      tissues must become loaded with zinc before an effect on copper absorption is
      observed. This produces a lag effect during which zinc administration does not
      produce a negative copper balance. However, after this lag effect, zinc has
      produced a negative to neutral copper balance in 5 of 5 Wilson's disease patients
      studied. At this time, therefore, we believe that zinc therapy can be offered as
      an alternative to penicillamine therapy in previously decoppered patients or
      patients who are not yet symptomatic. However, we recommend that this therapy
      only be used at this time in accordance with the one zinc therapy regimen we have
      tested.

PMID- 6361780
TI  - Zinc nutrition and human pregnancy.

PMID- 6361781
TI  - Prostanoids can modify response to electrical stimulus and 45Ca2+ exchange in
      isolated myocardial muscle cells.
AB  - The effects of prostaglandins E1 and E2, prostacyclin and thromboxane B2 on
      electrically-induced contraction and 45Ca2+ exchange in isolated rat cardiac
      muscle cells were investigated. Low (10(-13) - 10(-11) M) and high (10(-5), 10(
      4) M) concentrations of prostaglandin E2 produced a significant inhibition of
      contraction. The effects of prostaglandin E1 were less pronounced, with maximal
      inhibition observed at 10(-10), 10(-9) M and 10(-6) - 10(-4) M. Both prostacyclin
      (10(-9) - 10(-4) M) and thromboxane B2 (10(-12) - 10(-5) M) produced a transient
      inhibition of contraction 1 - 3 min after the addition of these agents to the
      cells. All four prostanoids increased the amount of 45Ca2+ exchanged by non
      beating cells at 2 and 4 min after the addition of 45Ca2+. Maximal effects were
      observed at 10(-12) M prostaglandin E1, 10(-5) M prostaglandin E2 and
      prostacyclin, and at 10(-12), 10(-8) and 10(-4) M thromboxane B2. These results
      may be relevant to the involvement of prostanoids in cardiac function in normal
      and pathological situations.

PMID- 6361782
TI  - Modulation by prostaglandin D2 of glucagon and insulin secretion in the perfused
      rat pancreas.
AB  - Effects of prostaglandin (PG) D2 on insulin and glucagon secretion from perfused
      rat pancreas were examined. In the presence of 2.8 mM glucose, only glucagon
      release was strongly stimulated by 14 microM of PGD2. When the glucose
      concentration was elevated to 11.2 mM, insulin release was accelerated by 14
      microM of PGD2 but there was no effect upon glucagon release. Both glucagon and
      insulin releases induced by 19 mM arginine with PGD2 were not different from
      those without PGD2 in the presence of 2.8 mM glucose. But in the presence of 11.2
      mM glucose, glucagon release induced by 19 mM arginine was augmented by 14 microM
      PGD2. Since the distribution of PGD2 has been reported to be in neuroendocrine
      organs, these results suggest that PGD2 is a possible candidate as a modulator in
      the neural control of endocrine pancreas.

PMID- 6361783
TI  - Measurement of human venous plasma prostacyclin and metabolites by
      radioimmunoassay: a reappraisal.
AB  - Two radioimmunoassays, the first specific for 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha and the second for
      6-oxo-PGF1 alpha, 13, 14-dihydro-6-oxo-PGF1 alpha, 13,14-dihydro-6, 15-dioxo-PGF1
      alpha and 6-oxo-PGE1 are described. These radioimmunoassays were used to measure
      levels of immunoreactive 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha and alleged metabolites of prostacyclin
      in human venous plasma. Procedures for the direct measurement and extraction of
      plasma 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha are described and the limitations to which
      radioimmunoassay of plasma 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha is exposed are discussed. Direct
      measurement of plasma immunoreactive 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha gave maximal levels of 6.1
      pg ml-1 and 4 pg ml-1 in the first and second radioimmunoassays respectively. The
      latter value reflected combined levels of less than 2 pg ml-1 of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha
      and cross-reacting metabolites in venous blood. Extraction of human plasma gave
      88.7 +/- 2.2% recovery (mean +/- S.E.M. n = 5 experiments) of [3H]-6-oxo-PGF1
      alpha and 80 - 86% recovery of exogenous 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha as immunoreactive 6-oxo
      PGF1 alpha. Basal plasma levels of extractable immunoreactive 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha
      were less than 2.5 pg ml-1. Prostacyclin incubated in vitro with blood was
      recovered in plasma as immunoreactive 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha and confirmed that
      conversion to metabolites that cross-reacted with the second antibody, in
      particular 6-oxo-PGE1, did not occur under experimental conditions. Extraction of
      [3H]-6-oxo-PGF1 alpha from acidified plasma with methanol resulted in formation
      of a prostanoid that had properties consistent with the methylated hemiketal
      isomer of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha. Under radioimmunoassay conditions this prostanoid was
      less immunogenic than native [3H]-6-oxo-PGF1 alpha and [3H]-6-oxo-PGF1 alpha
      extracted from plasma using methyl formate. The low levels of plasma 6-oxo-PGF1
      alpha which we report questions the validity of clinical studies that previously
      described altered levels of plasma 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha in pathophysiological
      conditions. These studies which were based upon measurement of plasma 6-oxo-PGF1
      alpha by radioimmunoassay and GC/MS should now be re-evaluated. Preliminary
      results from this study have been reported elsewhere (1, 2).

PMID- 6361784
TI  - Schedule-induction of nicotine self-administration.
AB  - Nicotine, although assumed to be an important factor in maintaining the use of
      tobacco products, has produced equivocal results when tested in drug self
      administration studies using standard procedures with laboratory animals. Several
      recent studies however, have demonstrated nicotine self-administration using a
      procedure of schedule-induction. Schedule-induced behaviors occur as an adjunct
      to behavior controlled by an intermittent schedule of reinforcement and are thus
      not under control of the scheduled contingencies. Using schedule-induction
      procedures; oral, intravenous and inhaled self-administration of nicotine has
      been shown in rats, both rats and rhesus monkeys, and humans respectively.
      Although the self-administration of some doses of nicotine occurred without a
      concurrent schedule of intermittent reinforcement, schedule-induction results in
      responding maintained by lower doses of the drug and much more rapid initiation
      of self-administration. The result of such studies suggest an interaction between
      environmental factors, such as an intermittent schedule of other reinforcers, and
      nicotine's pharmacological effects. This interaction may be important in
      understanding the etiology and maintenance of human tobacco use.

PMID- 6361785
TI  - [Progress in the field of drug development. 16].

PMID- 6361786
TI  - Drug-specificity in the perturbation of pulmonary disposition of serotonin in
      rabbit in vivo.
AB  - Previous work indicates that one consequence of the accumulation of several
      xenobiotics in the lung is compromised pulmonary disposition of 5
      hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). In the present studies, we examined whether pulmonary
      accumulation of chlorpromazine (CPZ), propranolol (P), imipramine (IMP), and
      clomipramine (Cl-IMP) affected 5-HT disposition in rabbit lungs. Pulmonary
      extraction and metabolism of [14C]-5-HT during single pulmonary passage were
      examined using the reference indicator radioisotope dilution technique in male
      New Zealand albino rabbits. After control experiment, animals received CPZ or P
      (2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg), IMP or Cl-IMP (0.25, 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg) via the jugular
      vein. Pulmonary clearance was 83% of administered 5-HT. A significant proportion
      (28%) of total radioactivity in the bloodstream after single passage was
      recovered as 5-HIAA in control experiments. These values were reduced
      significantly to 70 and 20%, respectively upon prior administration of IMP (0.25
      mg/kg). Cl-IMP was more effective in reducing these values further. CPZ and P
      were marginally effective at the highest dose. While prior administration of IMP
      and Cl-IMP resulted in pulmonary accumulation of both drugs, the latter
      accumulated to a significantly greater extent. These results suggest that Cl-IMP
      has higher affinity to the rabbit lung than IMP and may inhibit pulmonary uptake
      of 5-HT by competition for uptake and binding sites more than IMP.

PMID- 6361787
TI  - Introduction to the pharmacology of suprofen.
AB  - A number of peripherally acting analgesics have become available in the past two
      decades for the treatment of mild to moderate pain of diverse etiology. The
      action of these agents is based on their putative ability to inhibit
      prostaglandin biosynthesis and attenuate hyperalgesia. Suprofen is a new and
      potent peripherally acting analgesic with anti-inflammatory and antipyretic
      properties which appears to inhibit prostaglandin synthetase in a tissue
      selective manner. In preclinical studies, suprofen was shown to possess a wide
      separation of analgesic activity from gastrointestinal irritation. Suprofen
      appears to exert its pharmacological effect by inhibiting synthesis of
      prostaglandins from precursor arachidonic acid, inhibiting the pain induced by
      bradykinin, and by raising the threshold to pain induced by prostaglandins. The
      onset of action is rapid with peak analgesic effect reached in 1-2 h. Preclinical
      data suggest that suprofen may be an extremely valuable and versatile analgesic
      for the clinical management of pain.

PMID- 6361788
TI  - Double-blind evaluation of suprofen and aspirin in the treatment of periodontal
      pain.
AB  - A double-blind, randomized, parallel group, placebo-controlled study was carried
      out to compare the safety and efficacy of single doses of suprofen (200 mg and
      400 mg) with aspirin (650 mg) and placebo in relieving pain. In patients with
      pain resulting from periodontal surgery, a single dose of suprofen 200 or 400 mg
      was significantly better than placebo in reducing pain intensity and providing
      pain relief. The superiority of both doses of suprofen over placebo was
      demonstrated in every parameter in which pain intensity or pain relief was
      calculated. In addition, both doses of suprofen were better than, or at least
      equivalent to, aspirin 650 mg in every efficacy measure including the patients'
      overall acceptability of treatment.

PMID- 6361789
TI  - Oral analgesic efficacy of suprofen compared to aspirin, aspirin plus codeine,
      and placebo in patients with postoperative dental pain.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and safety of
      single oral doses of suprofen 200 and 400 mg, compared with aspirin 650 plus
      codeine 60 mg, aspirin 650 mg, and placebo in the relief of moderate to severe
      pain resulting from the surgical removal of impacted third molars. 157 patients
      completed a randomized, double-blind, single-dose, stratified, parallel-groups
      trial, and were observed for at least 4 h. Based upon each of the summary
      efficacy measures, sum pain intensity difference (SPID), percent SPID, TOTPAR and
      a global evaluation, all four active treatments were approximately equally
      effective and all were statistically superior to placebo. In addition, suprofen
      at both dose levels was significantly more effective than placebo beginning at
      the 0.5-hour observation for mean pain intensity, whereas the two aspirin
      treatments were not superior to placebo until the 1-hour observation. Side
      effects were minimal; there was one in the suprofen 200 mg, three in the aspirin
      650 mg, and one in the placebo treatment group. Thus, it appears that suprofen at
      200 and 400 mg is a safe and effective oral analgesic for the relief of moderate
      or severe postoperative dental pain, and it is possible that compared to aspirin
      650 mg and aspirin 650 mg plus codeine 60 mg, it has a more rapid onset of
      action.

PMID- 6361790
TI  - Comparison of suprofen and ibuprofen in the treatment of pain secondary to
      osteoarthritis.
AB  - 43 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee and/or hip(s) were treated with
      suprofen 800 mg/day or ibuprofen 1,600 mg/day for 14 days. Both drugs produced an
      improvement in subjective symptoms by day 7, although the most rapid analgesic
      effect was obtained with suprofen. Patients receiving suprofen experienced a
      significantly greater improvement in pain on motion at day 7 than did patients
      taking ibuprofen. Patients and investigators evaluated both drugs as having good
      to very good efficacy in the great majority (over 75%) of cases. Both drugs were
      well tolerated, with only a single drug withdrawal in the ibuprofen group.

PMID- 6361791
TI  - Long-term clinical evaluation of suprofen and aspirin in patients with
      osteoarthritis.
AB  - The safety and efficacy of suprofen 200 mg q.i.d. and aspirin 650 mg q.i.d. in
      the treatment of chronic pain due to osteoarthritis were compared in a double
      blind, randomized, parallel group study over a 12-week period. Suprofen was
      comparable to aspirin in the relief of pain and improvement in activity
      impairment. Results of ocular examination, laboratory data, and vital signs
      examinations indicated no clinically significant changes for suprofen. No serious
      side effects were reported by either group.

PMID- 6361792
TI  - Long-term comparison of suprofen and propoxyphene in patients with
      osteoarthritis.
AB  - The analgesic efficacy and safety of suprofen, 200 mg q.i.d., and propoxyphene,
      65 mg q.i.d., were compared in 114 patients with chronic pain due to
      osteoarthritis. Both analgesic agents decreased pain intensity after only 1 week
      of treatment and considerable pain relief was apparent by week 2 to week 3 of
      treatment. These beneficial effects persisted with long-term therapy and
      improvement continued throughout the 24-week treatment period. Overall, the
      response to suprofen and propoxyphene was good to excellent in most of the
      patients treated. Long-term administration of suprofen was at least as well
      tolerated as that of propoxyphene. Only 24% (13 of 55) of suprofen-treated
      patients and 34% (20 of 59) of propoxyphene-treated patients discontinued
      therapy, primarily due to gastrointestinal complaints. It was concluded that
      suprofen, 200 mg q.i.d., is comparable in terms of efficacy to propoxyphene, 65
      mg q.i.d., in relieving pain due to osteoarthritis.

PMID- 6361793
TI  - Multiple-dose comparison of suprofen, aspirin, and placebo in the treatment of
      musculoskeletal pain.
AB  - The effectiveness and safety of suprofen 200 mg, aspirin 650 mg, and placebo in
      the treatment of moderate to severe pain were compared in a 72-hour multiple
      dose, double-blind, parallel, randomized study in 75 adults suffering from
      musculoskeletal pain. Suprofen was superior to aspirin and placebo for pain
      relief, total pain relief scores, pain severity, activity impairment, comparative
      evaluation of activity impairment, and comparative evaluation of pain and sleep,
      with differences achieving statistical significance for most parameters at the 24
      to 72-hour evaluation points. 1 mild, transient side effect occurred in the
      suprofen group, 3 in the placebo group, and 4 of moderate intensity in the
      aspirin group. The effectiveness of multiple-dose treatment of musculoskeletal
      pain with suprofen 200 mg is superior to that of aspirin and placebo.

PMID- 6361794
TI  - Clinical comparison of the analgesic efficacy of suprofen, diflunisal and placebo
      in the treatment of pain after meniscectomy.
AB  - Suprofen 200 mg and suprofen 400 mg were found to be as efficacious as diflunisal
      750 mg in a single-dose, double-blind randomized study of 130 hospitalized
      patients with pain following meniscectomy. Pain intensity was measured using both
      an interval scale and a visual analogue scale. Pain indices derived from both
      scales as well as the physician's global evaluation were consistent in
      demonstrating that suprofen is an effective analgesic agent in the relief of
      moderate to severe pain following orthopedic surgery.

PMID- 6361795
TI  - Suprofen. An overview of long-term safety.
AB  - Suprofen, a new oral peripherally acting analgesic agent, has been shown to be
      effective in the relief of acute and chronic pain. This paper reviews data
      relative to long-term safety from more than 800 patients who received suprofen.
      Some of these patients were followed up to 2 years. Suprofen was generally found
      to be at least as safe and as well tolerated as reference drugs of aspirin,
      propoxyphene and propoxyphene combination. The discontinuance rate because of
      side effects was 17.7% for patients receiving suprofen and 23.9% for patients
      receiving reference drugs. Gastrointestinal side effects were the most frequently
      reported reasons for all patient dropout in all treatment groups. Fewer patients
      receiving suprofen discontinued due to gastrointestinal side effects (10.9%) than
      with reference drugs (17.2%).

PMID- 6361796
TI  - Neurophysiology of adult male Schistosoma mansoni.
AB  - From the studies on the neurophysiology of schistosomes it appears that in spite
      of the unique hexilaminar arrangement of the tegument's outer membrane, it has
      biophysical properties not markedly different from those of a variety of other
      multi-dimensional syncytia. The close electrical coupling of the muscle and
      tegument must be taken into account when one attempts to define sites and modes
      of action of drugs which affect motor activity. Agents which disrupt muscle
      function in the schistosome may exert their action indirectly by way of an effect
      on the tegumental membrane. The syncytial nature of the musculature and the
      possibility that longitudinal contraction waves are myogenic suggests that
      neurotransmitters may simply function as modulators of muscle activity as is the
      case for many vertebrate visceral muscles. External recordings indicate the
      presence of a variety of electrically active tissues within the schistosomes.
      There is no clear correlation of this activity with longitudinal muscle activity
      or with active membrane responses in this muscle. From this it would appear the
      bulk of this activity may have its origins in tissues other than the longitudinal
      muscle such as other muscle groups, nerve trunks, or the peripheral nerve net.

PMID- 6361797
TI  - Pharmacology of the developing digestive system.

PMID- 6361798
TI  - Inotropic agents in the treatment of cardiogenic shock.

PMID- 6361799
TI  - Altered forms of mammalian nucleoside diphosphate reductase from mutant cell
      lines.

PMID- 6361800
TI  - Quantitative cytokinetics: cellular response to cell cycle specific agents.

PMID- 6361801
TI  - Dihydroxyanthraquinone and related bis(substituted) aminoanthraquinones: a novel
      class of antitumor agents.

PMID- 6361802
TI  - Calcium, drug action and hypertension.

PMID- 6361803
TI  - Accidental hypothermia.
AB  - Knowledge of the effects of hypothermia has increased greatly over the past 25
      yr. Thousands of patients have been cooled intentionally in the operating room,
      and hundreds of thousands of living hearts have been temporarily stopped by cold
      cardioplegia and restarted without difficulty or apparent ill-effect. Yet in
      spite of the acquisition of this vast body of clinical experience an aura of
      mystery stills surrounds the patient who becomes hypothermic accidentally. The
      best treatment in any particular case is not always clear, and published accounts
      do not always give the impression that the hypothermic patient is treated with
      the same rational approach with which other sick and comatose patients are
      treated. In summarizing, therefore, conclusions that might be reached from
      reviewing past experience several important points emerge. The severely
      hypothermic patient should be treated in an intensive care unit where appropriate
      monitoring of temperature, cardiovascular function and respiratory function are
      available, and where full respiratory support including assisted ventilation can
      be given. The final outcome depends upon the etiology. The young healthy victim
      of exposure has a good chance of surviving. The patient poisoned by alcohol or
      barbiturates has a good chance of surviving provided the level of intoxication is
      not itself lethal. The elderly without severe underlying disease have a good
      chance of surviving. The patient with severe underlying disease of the endocrine,
      cardiovascular or neurologic system probably has, at best, a 50% chance of
      surviving and, at worst, a chance of only 10-20%, depending upon the associated
      disease. There is no statistical evidence that any one method of rewarming is
      significantly better than any other. But there is anecdotal evidence that in the
      absence of full monitoring and support systems slow rewarming is safer than over
      energetic external rewarming. Internal rewarming, peritoneal dialysis,
      hemodialysis, inhalation of warmed oxygen and extracorporeal circulation are
      effective in severe cases and can be used with safety. The causes of, and
      triggering mechanism for, ventricular fibrillation are still largely unknown but
      the onset of ventricular fibrillation in a very cold patient may often be an
      irreversible complication. The place of modern anti-arrhythmic drugs in the
      prevention and management of this complication has yet to be elucidated.
      Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is difficult in profoundly hypothermic patients but
      should be maintained until a body temperature of 30 degrees C has been
      achieved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6361804
TI  - Cellular pharmacokinetics of the phenylalanine mustards.

PMID- 6361805
TI  - Delivery of liposome-encapsulated drugs to macrophages.

PMID- 6361806
TI  - Targeting potential of antibody conjugates.
AB  - Although the use of conjugates of enzymes has been considered, their use has not
      been very actively pursued. Much more interest has focused on the possibilities
      offered by the use of toxins, their subunits or of ribosome inhibitors.
      Conjugates of holotoxin which were very active and specific in vitro have been
      prepared. High in vivo activity and some specificity together with reduced whole
      body toxicity has been described. When A chain subunits or ribosome inhibiting
      proteins are used, the results are more mixed. Some very active and specific
      conjugates are known but others have relatively low activity. The reasons for
      this may be associated with the particular antigen to which the antibody
      component is directed, the nature of the A chain or inhibitor and the type and
      physiological state of the target cell. Application to man seems likely in the
      first instance to involve the removal of undesirable cells from bone marrow
      transplants.

PMID- 6361807
TI  - Design and use of potent, specific enzyme inhibitors.

PMID- 6361808
TI  - Characterisation of the unsteady transport of labelled species in permeable
      capillaries: role of convective dispersion.
AB  - A mathematical model of transcapillary exchange has been developed which
      considers in detail the contribution of Taylor dispersion (i.e., non-uniform
      velocity and inequalities in radial concentration) to the uptake and wash-out of
      multiple tracers from single capillaries. A numerical solution to the two
      dimensional unsteady-state species continuity equation for a single capillary is
      obtained (by the use of an array processor) which simulates the convective
      dispersion of labelled indicators in permeable capillaries. Particular attention
      is directed toward an analysis of the roles of capillary permeability, transport
      regime as characterised by the Peclet number, velocity profile and the length of
      the exchange region on the development of time-concentration profiles and on the
      importance of convective dispersion. For the physiologic range of parameters
      consistent with pulmonary capillary transport of multiple indicators (e.g.,
      labelled urea, albumin, etc.), we find that the magnitude of convective
      dispersion is insufficient to markedly affect the shapes of simulated tracer
      concentration profiles. The implication in these circumstances is that the use of
      one-dimensional models, which do not account for Taylor dispersion, does not lead
      to significant errors in parameter estimates derived from data of multiple
      indicator dilution.

PMID- 6361809
TI  - Clinical trials in Duchenne dystrophy. Standardization and reliability of
      evaluation procedures.
AB  - A multiclinic, collaborative study has been designed to assess the natural
      progression and efficacy of treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. This
      article describes the protocol for the evaluation technique and the method used
      to establish within (intraobserver) and between (interobserver) reliability of
      the protocol evaluation procedures. Standardized patient evaluations were used,
      and consistency of evaluation was monitored by a computer. The reliability of the
      measures was analyzed 1) within observers by comparing the results of each of the
      first three tests done by each evaluator for all patients and 2) between
      observers by comparing, at multicenter group meetings, the results of each of the
      four evaluators' tests of the same patient. We have demonstrated reliability for
      an evaluation method that will provide an objective foundation on which to claim
      a drug or therapeutic procedure does or does not have an effect in treating
      Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 6361810
TI  - Reflex control of veins and vascular capacitance.

PMID- 6361811
TI  - Transport of cholesterol.
AB  - .ur current model for cholesterol transport is summarized in Figure 10. In this
      figure we have put together the various steps in cholesterol transport that were
      described previously in this review. Under normal conditions, cholesterol
      metabolism and transport are well regulated. If the transport system is
      overloaded for a long time, however, hypercholesterolemia caused mainly by
      increased plasma LDL may develop in several species, including humans. Under such
      circumstances reverse transport of cholesterol may also fail, giving rise to
      deposits of cholesterol. Tissue macrophages may be responsible for this lipid
      accumulation, because receptor-mediated (adsorptive) endocytosis of lipoprotein
      associated cholesterol in these cells is not under negative-feedback control. The
      deposits are mainly found in tissues poorly supplied with blood and lymph: the
      skin, tendons, the cornea, and arteries. Overload of cholesterol transport may be
      the result of too much fat and cholesterol in the diet, giving rise to
      cholesterol-rich lipoproteins from the gut and to increased production of liver
      (formula; see text) VLDL, which in humans ends up as LDL. In many individuals,
      however, no hypercholesterolemia is seen, even after eating large amounts of a
      "western" diet for decades; others may develop increased LDL on a relatively
      "prudent" diet. Obviously many of the factors and mechanisms in cholesterol
      transport are influenced by genetic factors. Although studies of several inborn
      errors of lipid metabolism have given information about some mechanisms, the
      quantitatively more important differences in genetic patterns, which determine
      whether or not a western diet will result in hyperlipidemia, are not well known.
      Perhaps studies of different forms of apoB and apoE and of HDL subgroups and
      hyper-alpha-lipoproteinemia will explain why certain individuals develop
      hypercholesterolemia and premature atherosclerosis. All the recent information
      related to cholesterol metabolism and transport gives rise to new questions.
      There are many problems of interest for future research: What are the metabolic
      differences between the apoB produced in the liver and that produced in the gut?
      To what extent is the protein moiety of LDL modified in the plasma of blood and
      lymph and in interstitial tissue? Are such modifications important to whether LDL
      uptake goes through the classic LDL pathway or through the macrophage (i.e.,
      scavenger?) pathway? Are some changes in apoB important for liver recognition of
      LDL?(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6361812
TI  - Carnitine--metabolism and functions.
AB  - Carnitine was detected at the beginning of this century, but it was nearly
      forgotten among biochemists until its importance in fatty acid metabolism was
      established 50 years later. In the last 30 years, interest in the metabolism and
      functions of carnitine has steadily increased. Carnitine is synthesized in most
      eucaryotic organisms, although a few insects (and most likely some newborn
      animals) require it as a nutritional factor (vitamin BT). Carnitine biosynthesis
      is initiated by methylation of lysine. The trimethyllysine formed is subsequently
      converted to butyrobetaine in all tissues; the butyrobetaine is finally
      hydroxylated to carnitine in the liver and, in some animals, in the kidneys (see
      Fig. 1). It is released from these tissues and is then actively taken up by all
      other tissues. The turnover of carnitine in the body is slow, and the regulation
      of its synthesis is still incompletely understood. Microorganisms (e.g., in the
      intestine) can metabolize carnitine to trimethylamine, dehydrocarnitine (beta
      keto-gamma-trimethylaminobutyric acid), betaine, and possibly to
      trimethylaminoacetone. In some insects carnitine can be converted to
      methylcholine, presumably with trimethylaminoacetone as an intermediate (see Fig.
      3). In mammals the unphysiological isomer (+) carnitine is converted to
      trimethylaminoacetone. The natural isomer (-)carnitine is excreted unchanged in
      the urine, and it is still uncertain if it is degraded in mammalian tissues at
      all (Fig. 2). The only firmly established function of carnitine is its function
      as a carrier of activated fatty acids and activated acetate across the inner
      mitochondrial membrane. Two acyl-CoA:carnitine acyltransferases with overlapping
      chain-length specificities have been isolated: one acetyltransferase taking part
      in the transport of acetyl and short-chain acyl groups and one
      palmitoyltransferase taking part in the transport of long-chain acyl groups. An
      additional octanoyltransferase has been isolated from liver peroxisomes. Although
      a carnitine translocase that allows carnitine and acylcarnitine to penetrate the
      inner mitochondrial membrane has been deduced from functional studies (see Fig.
      5), this translocase has not been isolated as a protein separate from the
      acyltransferases. Carnitine acetyltransferase and carnitine octanoyltransferase
      are also found in the peroxisomes. In these organelles the enzymes may be
      important in the transfer of acyl groups, which are produced by the peroxisomal
      beta-oxidation enzymes, to the mitochondria for oxidation in the citric acid
      cycle. The carnitine-dependent transport of activated fatty acids across the
      mitochondrial membrane is a regulated process. Malonyl-CoA inh

PMID- 6361814
TI  - Reflex insulin response associated to food intake in human subjects.
AB  - The occurrence of a reflex insulin discharge at the beginning of a meal, and its
      possible influence on intake were studied in 7 normal weight humans. Each subject
      was tested twice under three standard meal conditions. The evolutions of
      insulinemia and glycemia were recorded over an 84 min observation period,
      starting 2 min before food presentation. Blood was drawn continuously from an
      antecubital vein, and collected in 1-min samples for the first 30 min, and then
      in 3-min samples. The average glycemia curve was stable until some 18-20 min
      after meal onset. By contrast, a significant rise in plasma insulin appeared as
      early as the 4th min after meal onset and it is hypothesized to be preabsorptive,
      of cephalic and/or gastric origin. However, inter-test variations were large even
      in the same person. Schematically, three types of early insulin responses were
      observed: high and/or sustained rise, moderate and/or short increase, moderate
      decrease in plasma insulin. The shape of the early insulin response was not
      related to any meal characteristic. The potential biological and behavioral
      significance of the early insulin release is discussed.

PMID- 6361813
TI  - Brain metabolism: a perspective from the blood-brain barrier.

PMID- 6361815
TI  - Sham feeding is inhibited by dietary-induced obesity in rats.
AB  - A group of six female, albino rats were maintained on a cafeteria diet of
      cookies, milk, and elevated-fat (shortening), rat-chow mixture and rat chow while
      a similar group received only rat chow ad lib for 17 weeks. When the groups
      differed significantly in mean body weight (obese-387.5 g, controls-287.2 g; p
      less than 0.001), gastric fistulas were implanted in each animal. After recovery,
      the rats were adapted to a liquid diet and assessed for sham feeding. Control
      fed, normal-body-weight subjects showed substantial sham feeding when ingesting
      the Vivonex with the fistulas open compared to fistula-closed intake; meal
      frequency, meal size (apart from the initial meal) and total food intake were
      significantly increased while the satiety ratios following each meal were
      significantly decreased. Obese animals showed no significant increased feeding
      and satiety ratios were unreliably altered; while normal-body-weight controls
      increased 4-hr food intakes by 93% and halved their mean satiety ratios the obese
      animals showed an 8% increase in 4-hr food intake and only a 22% decrease in mean
      satiety ratios. We offer the hypothesis that, when animals are induced to become
      obese by palatable and varied diets which are then terminated, the anorexia
      produced is independent of gastrointestinal interactions inasmuch as that
      anorexia extends to sham feeding.

PMID- 6361817
TI  - Sexual behavior elicited in cage-mates of olfactory tubercle stimulated rats.
AB  - Fourteen male albino rats kept in pairs were implanted with bipolar electrodes in
      the olfactory tubercle. Electrical stimulation elicited a behavioral change in
      the cage-mates of the stimulated rats. This change consisted of increased
      exploratory activity in six animals. In three of these six rats, sexual behavior
      with mounting and pelvic thrusting was observed. The changes are described and
      discussed with special attention to sexual behavior.

PMID- 6361816
TI  - Diet selection and metabolic fuels in three models of diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Dietary self-selection and circulating metabolic fuels (glucose, free fatty
      acids, ketones) were examined in three forms of experimental diabetes mellitus in
      rats: pancreatectomy and streptozotocin treatment in adult and neonatal rats.
      Changes in diet selection resulting from insulin replacement also were examined.
      Differences were found in diet selection and circulating metabolic fuels between
      these types of diabetes. Mildly diabetic rats selected large amounts of fat while
      more severely diabetic rats primarily selected protein. Insulin treatment
      enhanced carbohydrate intake of diabetic rats and nearly normalized diet
      selection and circulating metabolic fuels. All diabetic groups exhibited severe
      glucose intolerance. These results support the observations of the beneficial
      effects of low-carbohydrate diets, question the generality of the use of high-fat
      diets, and suggest a more important role for high-protein diets in energy
      regulation in severely diabetic rats.

PMID- 6361818
TI  - A restraining apparatus for Chelonians.
AB  - A restraining system for the head and neck of tortoises or turtles is described
      which, when associated with a standard electrode carrier, can be used as a
      stereotaxic apparatus for Chelonians. The apparatus designed has two basic
      systems: one for holding the neck, the other for holding the head. They are
      associated with a standard electrode carrier in a common platform. Restraining
      apparatus.

PMID- 6361819
TI  - [Development of bronchoscopic diagnosis].

PMID- 6361820
TI  - [In the very best homage (Halina Bandurska)].

PMID- 6361821
TI  - [Silver jubilee].

PMID- 6361822
TI  - [In the very best homage (Anita Zofia Brodniewicz)].

PMID- 6361823
TI  - [Development of the theory of nursing care].

PMID- 6361824
TI  - [Polish Nursing Society in Katowice].

PMID- 6361825
TI  - Transfer and expression of Klebsiella nif genes in Alcaligenes faecalis, a
      nitrogen-fixing bacterium associated with rice root.
AB  - Plasmid pRD1 carrying Klebsiella nif genes was found to be transferable by
      conjugation from Escherichia coli JC5466 (pRD1) to Alcaligenes faecalis A-15 at a
      frequency of 5 X 10(-4). Nitrogenase activity of four A-15 (pRD1) strains tested
      was found to be higher than that of their parent A-15, as determined by the
      acetylene reduction assay. A-15-1 was a Nif- mutant derived from A-15. After
      mating with JC5466 (pRD1), the nitrogenase activity was restored. PRD1 was stable
      in A. faecalis and could be transferred to E. coli JC5466-1 by conjugation. The
      fact that Klebsiella nif genes carried in pRD1 can be expressed in A. faecalis
      makes it possible to use pRD1 as a tool for genetic analysis and genetic
      engineering of the nitrogen fixation system in A. faecalis.

PMID- 6361826
TI  - Prolonged life and improved quality for stored skin grafts.
AB  - This study is presented as both a follow-up and an extension of previous work on
      storage techniques for the preservation of skin by refrigeration. Rabbit skin
      grafts were used to compare the merits of various storage media. One of the
      media, McCoy's 5A plus serum, gave improved skin graft take and storage half
      life. The ability to improve skin graft storage techniques is most beneficial to
      all aspects of plastic and reconstructive surgery where skin grafting is
      required. Prolonged graft viability and improved graft quality are of major
      clinical importance.

PMID- 6361827
TI  - Nipple reconstruction with a T flap.
AB  - It is probably impossible to reproduce with available means a nipple with normal
      texture, sensation, and erectile function. The practical prerequisites are
      symmetry in diameter and projection. A new method is presented that fulfills
      those requirements and allows more latitude in varying and predicting those
      parameters. It utilizes the available local skin and avoids invasion of the
      normal contralateral breast or other nipple donor sites.

PMID- 6361828
TI  - The lateral intercostal neurovascular free flap.
AB  - The lateral intercostal flap is a new neurovascular flap that may be used as a
      free or island flap. It is based on the lateral cutaneous branch of a single
      posterior intercostal neurovascular bundle. The donor area of the flap is the
      anterolateral skin of the abdomen. The flap is large, thin, and has a long
      pedicle that contains the lateral cutaneous nerve. The donor pedicles of the flap
      are multiple, and its venous drainage is adequate. The detection and design of
      this flap were based on information gained from the dissection of 95 intercostal
      spaces in 40 fresh cadavers. The flap was then applied 12 times in 11 patients.
      Ten flaps were successful, one flap was partially lost, and one was completely
      lost. The flap was used as a noninnervated flap to resurface six defects in the
      neck and one facial defect, and it was used as an innervated flap to cover two
      hand defects and two heel defects.

PMID- 6361829
TI  - Effects of hyperbaric oxygen and hyperbaric air on the survival of island skin
      flaps.
AB  - The effects of hyperbaric air and oxygen on skin survival were studied in acute 8
      X 8 cm neurovascular island flaps in rats. Skin flaps treated with hyperbaric 8%
      oxygen (equivalent to room air at standard pressure) exhibited no improvement in
      skin survival. Skin flaps treated with hyperbaric air (21% oxygen) and hyperbaric
      100% oxygen exhibited significant increases in survival.

PMID- 6361830
TI  - Acceleration of capsule formation around silicone implants by infection in a
      guinea pig model.
AB  - Fibrous capsules surrounding silicone implants were investigated in a new guinea
      pig model to delineate some of the factors leading to capsular contracture. Both
      the implant surfaces and tissue capsules were examined by light and scanning
      transmission electron microscopy (STEM + SEM) with x-ray energy spectroscopy
      (XES). The capsular tissues were qualitatively similar to those recovered
      clinically, showing dense parallel collagen deposits, fibroblasts,
      myofibroblasts, macrophages, and foreign-body giant cells. Silicone was
      positively identified within intercellular vacuoles and the rough endoplasmic
      reticulum of macrophages by XES. Tissue recovered from the capsules that
      surrounded implants that were contaminated with S. aureus presented a
      qualitatively similar histologic spectrum. The contaminated specimens did show an
      accelerated response. SEM showed a cellular invasion of the silicone envelopes.
      We conclude that the model accurately simulates the clinical situation and
      suggests that immune mechanisms may play a key role in capsular contracture.

PMID- 6361831
TI  - The effect of delay on flap survival in an irradiated field.
AB  - Chronic radiation skin injury without ulceration was induced in rats by
      administering either 3000 or 5000 rads in staged doses. Either 4 or 8 months
      later, McFarlane et al. dorsal flaps were elevated, with half being delayed and
      half non-delayed. Measurements showed that flap survival in irradiated skin was
      significantly increased by delay [approximately two of four experimental groups
      (4 months, 5000 rads; and 8 months, 3000 rads)]; flap survival was increased with
      borderline significance in a third experimental group (8 months, 5000 rads).
      These data indicate that flap survival can be increased by delay in an irradiated
      field. The presence of the vascular delay phenomenon suggests that microvascular
      occlusion alone cannot account for radiation-induced complications in skin.

PMID- 6361832
TI  - [The psychiatrist Heinroth--a critical reflection].
AB  - Heinroth (1773-1848) belongs to the founders of psychiatry in Germany. He
      represented an idealistic, spiritualistic psychiatric school that had a strong
      leaning towards materialist ideas. He believed that mental disturbances were
      caused by guilt and sin. But, besides these speculations, he also expressed views
      that led to view psychiatric and psychotherapeutic insights. One of these was his
      postulated psychogenesis of mental disturbances. His thoughts on the importance
      of social, biographical and psychosomatic factors also contributed to the
      development of psychiatry.

PMID- 6361833
TI  - [Mechanisms of alcohol tolerance and dependence].

PMID- 6361834
TI  - [Projective picture test "The bewitched family" (Case illustration)].

PMID- 6361836
TI  - Comparison of use of meditation and rest in treatment of test anxiety.

PMID- 6361835
TI  - Selection criteria for individual dynamic psychotherapies.
AB  - The authors discuss the indications, contraindications, and enabling factors for
      four types of psychodynamically informed psychotherapy: supportive, focal,
      exploratory, and psychoanalysis. They outline the inherent and practical
      difficulties impeding psychotherapy outcome studies and summarize the limited
      research regarding psychodynamic treatments. The overall efficacy of
      psychotherapy has been documented, but to date studies have not demonstrated
      specific differential effectiveness and indications. The authors present the
      rationale for each of the four approaches and suggest ways of selecting among
      them.

PMID- 6361837
TI  - Contribution of relaxation technique training to the rehabilitation of myocardial
      infarction patients.
AB  - The usefulness of relaxation training (RT) in cardiac rehabilitation is assessed
      by comparing the changes before and after rehabilitation in two randomly divided
      groups, one with and the other without relaxation. The psychological effects of
      RT, in addition to the effects of exercise training, were studied. There is a
      substantial and positive result on well-being and on feelings of invalidity.
      Psychological improvement, as a result of exercise only, is not found. The
      benefits of RT occur more in persons with coronary-prone behavior pattern (type
      A). In some persons anxiety increases during rehabilitation (about 28%),
      regardless of RT. There is an indication that relaxation may lead to an increase
      of functional complaints in a small number of persons, possibly due to
      sensitization to bodily experiences.

PMID- 6361838
TI  - Thromboxane and prostacyclin in disease: a review.

PMID- 6361839
TI  - The iconography of the dental profession.

PMID- 6361840
TI  - Wavelength dependence of inactivation and membrane damage to Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae cells by monochromatic synchrotron vacuum-uv radiation (145-190 nm).
AB  - Using an electron storage ring as a source of radiation, the wavelength
      dependence of inactivation and membrane damage in yeast cells (Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae) was investigated in the range from 145 to 254 nm, with special
      reference to the effects of vacuum-uv radiation. The cells were irradiated on a
      Millipore filter in a moist chamber filled with water vapor (deoxygenated) at
      saturation pressure. Fluence-survival curves taken at 5-nm intervals were
      generally sigmoidal. Action spectra of the two types of effects were nearly
      identical in shape. The maximum occurred in both spectra at 160 nm, decreasing
      sharply toward 180 nm. The spectra remarkably resembled the calculated absorption
      spectrum of (liquid) water in the range from 145 to 170 nm; the spectra had no
      similarity at all to the absorption spectra of DNA, proteins, or lipids. These
      data support the theory that inactivation of wet cells by vacuum-uv radiation may
      be attributable to damage in the cell membrane initiated by the absorption of
      water molecules. Above 210 nm the spectrum for inactivation paralleled the
      absorption of DNA. Genetic changes (induction of gene conversion) were also
      observed above 210 nm. Photoreversion for the induced convertants was detectable
      only above 220 nm. These characteristics are consistent with the expectation that
      above 210 nm the site of major lethal damage shifts to DNA.

PMID- 6361841
TI  - Mutation by [5-3H]cytosine decay in DNA of Escherichia coli lacking uracil-DNA
      glycosylase activity.
AB  - The mutagenic local effect of tritium decay at the 5 position of cytosine in DNA
      of Escherichia coli was determined in wild-type and in ung strains defective in
      uracil-DNA glycosylase. In the absence of this in vivo activity any genetic
      consequences of uracil residues formed in DNA should be enhanced. However, the
      mutation frequency response was no greater in the mutant strain than in the wild
      type. This finding is inconsistent with the earlier suggestion that efficient
      production of C to T transitions by the local effect of [5-3H]cytosine decay
      results from the formation of uracil in cellular DNA. Some other intermediate
      should be considered, one that is not a substrate for uracil-DNA glycosylase.

PMID- 6361842
TI  - [Immunochemical determination of DNA damage induced by high doses of ionizing
      radiation].
AB  - It was shown by the immunochemical method that DNA of X-irradiated E. coli cells
      of a radiosensitive mutant ABA88uvr A6 can react with the antiserum to thymine
      dimers which, in all appearance, are induced by ionizing radiation in bacterial
      DNA. The number of thymine dimers in DNA of E. coli AB1886uvr A6 increased with
      the dose increase. No dimers were detected in radioresistant cells of M.
      radioproteolyticus probably due to the effective excision thereof.

PMID- 6361843
TI  - [Radiosensitizing and damaging effects of hyperthermia on different biological
      systems. Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells].
AB  - The cytotoxic and radiosensitizing effects of hyperthermia was shown on Ehrlich
      ascites tumor cells heated in vitro. The effect of hyperthermia resulted in the
      formation of local lesions in membranes of dying cells.

PMID- 6361845
TI  - [Development of long-term radiation effects in rats after whole-body fractionated
      gamma-irradiation].
AB  - Albino male rats were divided into four groups and exposed to gamma-radiation
      (137Cs) for 80, 40, 20 and 10 days at dose rates of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0
      Gy/day, respectively. The development of lesions and remote aftereffects was
      shown to depend upon conditions of formation of the absorbed dose. With
      fractionated irradiation at dose rates above 1.0 Gy/day the dose-rate played a
      major role in producing the effect.

PMID- 6361846
TI  - A survey of digital chest radiography.
AB  - The problems of chest radiography as they relate to digital systems are
      described, the current approaches to these problems are reviewed, and the utility
      of digital chest radiography is demonstrated.

PMID- 6361844
TI  - [Effect of insulin and hydrocortisone on various indices of energy metabolism in
      rats irradiated with 6.0 MeV fast neutrons].
AB  - Neutron irradiation (1 Gy, 0.5 + 0.5 Gy) causes hypersecretion of
      glucocorticoids. The administration of hydrocortisone imitates, in intact rats,
      and increases, in irradiated rats, the radiation inhibition of energy metabolism.
      The increase of radical oxidation in irradiated tissues is a probable cause of
      radiation hypercorticism; glucocorticoids are the inhibitors of radical
      oxidation. Insulin injections to irradiated rats normalize the main indices of
      energy metabolism.

PMID- 6361847
TI  - Problems in noninvasive imaging of pulmonary embolism.
AB  - The V/Q scintigram is the mainstay of pulmonary embolism diagnosis, but there are
      limitations, such as the need for sophisticated interpretation, the production of
      indeterminate readings, and the lack of specificity. The authors discuss these
      problems and the emerging techniques that may be more of a help to the
      radiologist faced with diagnosing pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 6361848
TI  - Digital vascular imaging: two years of clinical experience.
AB  - Over 2000 digital vascular imaging studies have been performed at the University
      of Cincinnati Hospital. During this period, methods and techniques for the
      performance of these examinations were established. The results of these efforts
      are reported and compared to angiography. Additionally, the advantages and
      disadvantages of digital vascular imaging, as well as the future of digital
      vascular imaging at the University of Cincinnati, are discussed.

PMID- 6361849
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography of the thoracic aorta.
AB  - Forty-three patients with acquired and congenital abnormalities of the thoracic
      aorta were studied using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) after an
      intravenous bolus injection of 40 ml of contrast material. Abnormalities studied
      included coarctation, pseudocoarctation, Marfan syndrome, cervical aorta, double
      aortic arch, aneurysm, dissection, and tumor. Twenty-four patients also had
      conventional angiography. DSA was accurate in 95% of cases; in the other 5%,
      involving patients with acute type I dissection, the coronary arteries could not
      be seen. The authors concluded that in 92% of their patients, DSA could have
      replaced the standard aortogram.

PMID- 6361850
TI  - Nitroimidazoles as chemotherapeutic agents.

PMID- 6361851
TI  - Fifteen years of structural modifications in the field of antifungal monocyclic 1
      substituted 1H-azoles.

PMID- 6361852
TI  - The benzimidazole anthelmintics--chemistry and biological activity.

PMID- 6361853
TI  - Intraspecific interactions between Escherichia coli strains in human newborns and
      in gnotobiotic mice and piglets.
AB  - A plasmid-free human Escherichia coli strain EMO, was inoculated to human
      newborns within two hours of life. It became established in the feces at a high
      population level. Ampicillin and tetracycline resistant E. coli strains
      disappeared or decreased to subdominant level in the inoculated newborns whereas
      they remained at a high level in the noninoculated newborns. Strain EMO was also
      shown to exert a barrier effect against a porcine plasmid-bearing enterotoxigenic
      Ent+ K88- E. coli strain in gnotobiotic mice. Axenic piglets monoassociated with
      Ent+ K88- E. coli strain died within 6 days. Axenic piglets diassociated with
      both EMO and the Ent+ E. coli survived longer, though no significant difference
      was observed between the population level of the Ent+ E. coli in the mono- and
      diassociated piglet feces. These results suggest that a prior inoculation with a
      non-pathogenic E. coli strain may improve the spontaneous ecological protection
      of piglets against Ent+ E. coli strains.

PMID- 6361854
TI  - Influence of different dietary regimens upon the composition of the human fecal
      flora.
AB  - The composition of the fecal flora in two groups of children in primary school
      age with (a) normal, ad libitum diet (school-group, 20 children), and (b) lacto
      ovo-vegetarian diet (Salem-group, 20 children) was examined. Fecal analysis was
      concentrated upon the isolation of the main anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms.
      The pattern of S-, M-, and R-forms of Enterobacteriaceae with special regard to
      E. coli was investigated additionally. In the school-group counts of Clostridium
      species, R-, and M- forms of E. coli were significantly higher than in the Salem
      group. The numbers of Bifidobacterium, Actinomyces, and Enterobacteriaceae
      species, as well as S-forms of E. coli were significantly increased in the Salem
      group, as compared to the school-children. The data reveal a relationship between
      the occurrence of different anaerobic species and the SMR-pattern of E. coli,
      with Clostridium species in particular. The SMR-pattern of E. coli may reflect
      conditions of intestinal metabolism and mucosal immunity. It may serve as a
      simple parameter in routine examination of fecal specimen.

PMID- 6361855
TI  - The use of gene-specific DNA probes for the identification of enteric pathogens.
AB  - Gene-specific DNA probes can be used to identify enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
      and Campylobacter jejunii by DNA hybridization. In addition, the DNA probes can
      be exploited to provide potentially important information concerning the
      epidemiology of enteric infections.

PMID- 6361856
TI  - Mode of action of the cholera-coli family of enterotoxins.
AB  - Described here are the biochemical changes whereby cholera toxin and similar
      toxins cause adenylate cyclase activity to rise.

PMID- 6361857
TI  - The clinical manifestation and pathogenesis of enteritis associated with
      rotavirus and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections in domestic animals.
AB  - Rotavirus and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are enteropathogens each
      capable of inducing diarrhoea in some animal species and man. Unstressed young
      animals develop an age-related resistance to infection with either rotavirus or
      ETEC which differs for each animal species. The effects of experimental infection
      of calves, lambs, foals and piglets with rotavirus and ETEC given either alone or
      in combination, have been examined. In general, dual infections tended to
      lengthen the period of age susceptibility and increase the severity of
      gastroenteritis, compared to infection with either agent alone. ETEC caused
      little or no pathological changes in the small intestine while rotavirus induced
      moderate inflammatory, morphological and physiological changes including reduced
      activity of membrane-bound digestive enzymes. In dual infections, mucosal lesions
      were more severe than those seen after rotavirus infection and ETEC proliferation
      in the lumen of the small intestine was greater than in animals infected with
      ETEC alone. Two distinct mechanisms of diarrhoea, presumably, were involved; net
      fluid hypersecretion into the lumen of the gut mediated by ETEC enterotoxin(s),
      and brush border maldigestion and malabsorption which was caused by rotavirus
      infection of the small intestine.

PMID- 6361858
TI  - The effect of feeding Streptococcus faecium upon Escherichia coli induced
      diarrhea in gnotobiotic pigs.
AB  - Streptococcus faecium (Sf) was fed to gnotobiotic pigs to control colibacillosis.
      Three strains of Escherichia coli (Ec) were used. Strain 0:K103,987p:NM of Ec fed
      to pigs without Sf developed severe diarrhea which persisted for several days.
      Those pigs given Sf and Ec had less diarrhea, recovered earlier, and had better
      weight gains than Ec only pigs. Two other strains of Ec (0157:K88ac:H19 and
      08:K87,K88ab:H19) which were more virulent developed severe diarrhea and death in
      5 of 8 pigs given Ec only. Those fed Sf and challenged with Ec developed some
      diarrhea, but the pigs gained weight and none of the pigs died. Bacterial counts
      of Ec and Sf from 3 different levels of small intestine and cecum were
      comparable. The counts were reduced for both organisms in those pigs with dual
      colonization. It would appear that feeding Sf reduced the toxic effect of Ec and
      prevented a generalized infection and death. Forty-eight litters of surgically
      obtained colostrum-deprived specific-pathogen-free (SPF) pigs for repopulating
      swine production units were started on Sf probiotic; 48 preceding litters not fed
      Sf were used for comparison. Those fed Sf had a mortality rate of 8.5% as
      compared to 18% for those not fed Sf.

PMID- 6361859
TI  - [Extendend X-ray absorption fine structure--EXAFS].

PMID- 6361860
TI  - [Fast reaction analysis and calcium binding proteins].

PMID- 6361861
TI  - [Linear peptide-metal interactions].

PMID- 6361862
TI  - [Interaction between cyclic peptides and metal ions].

PMID- 6361863
TI  - [Hydrolysis and synthesis of peptides in coordination sphere of metal ions].

PMID- 6361864
TI  - [Superoxide dismutase model].

PMID- 6361865
TI  - [Molybdo-oxidases and their models].

PMID- 6361867
TI  - [Oxygenase models--is oxygen activation essential for dioxygenase reactions?].

PMID- 6361866
TI  - [Methods for determination of trace metals in proteins].

PMID- 6361868
TI  - [Dioxygenases].

PMID- 6361869
TI  - [Role of Zn in delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase].

PMID- 6361870
TI  - [Dopamine beta-hydrolase].

PMID- 6361871
TI  - [Plasma proteases and metals].

PMID- 6361872
TI  - [Phosphophoryns: highly phosphorylated Ca2+-binding proteins in tooth].

PMID- 6361873
TI  - [Rapid analysis of metalloproteins by HPLC].

PMID- 6361874
TI  - [Comparative biochemistry of calmodulin].

PMID- 6361875
TI  - [Structure of type I copper proteins].

PMID- 6361876
TI  - [Ceruloplasmin].

PMID- 6361877
TI  - [Circular dichroism and magnetic circular dichroism of metalloproteins].

PMID- 6361878
TI  - [Resonance Raman scattering of metal-containing proteins].

PMID- 6361879
TI  - [Proteolytic enzymes of Basidiomycetes: their application to structural analysis
      of proteins].

PMID- 6361880
TI  - [Steroidogenic electron transfer system in adrenal microsomes].

PMID- 6361881
TI  - [Mechanism of carbon-carbon bond cleavage in steroid biosynthesis (I)].

PMID- 6361882
TI  - [Regulation of contraction in smooth muscle].

PMID- 6361883
TI  - [Evolution of contractile proteins].

PMID- 6361884
TI  - [Cytokinesis].

PMID- 6361885
TI  - [Movement characteristics of Myxomycete plasmodium].

PMID- 6361886
TI  - [Formation of neuromuscular junction, with special reference to acetylcholine
      receptor accumulation].

PMID- 6361887
TI  - [Molecular composition of erythrocyte membranes and morphological changes].

PMID- 6361889
TI  - [Fine structure of the cytoskeleton].

PMID- 6361888
TI  - [Bacterial flagellar motor].

PMID- 6361890
TI  - [Filaments and microtrabeculae in axons].

PMID- 6361891
TI  - [Regulation of tubulin polymerization].

PMID- 6361893
TI  - [Microtubule cycle].

PMID- 6361892
TI  - [Sol-gel transformation and actin-associated proteins].

PMID- 6361894
TI  - [Morphogenesis of the epithelium and the role of actins].

PMID- 6361895
TI  - [Secretion and cytoskeletal system].

PMID- 6361896
TI  - [Physiological functions of axolemmal undercoat and cytoskeleton in squid giant
      axons].

PMID- 6361897
TI  - [Contractile proteins in neoplastic cells].

PMID- 6361898
TI  - [Neoplastic transformation of cells and cytoskeletons].

PMID- 6361899
TI  - [Agents affecting cytoskeletal proteins].

PMID- 6361900
TI  - [Analysis and determination of occlusal rest strength].

PMID- 6361901
TI  - [Occluso-articulatory shaping of the masticatory surfaces of permanent
      prostheses].

PMID- 6361902
TI  - [Prosthetic hygiene in residents of old age and nursing homes].

PMID- 6361903
TI  - [Corrosion potential of the plastic-metal bonds in beveled crown and bridge
      prosthetics. A preliminary report].

PMID- 6361904
TI  - [Development of roughness on the mucosal surface of removable acrylate prostheses
      depending on the type of gypsum and method of model casting].

PMID- 6361905
TI  - [Laboratory studies on bridge attachment to crown inlays, subjected to vertical
      pressure].

PMID- 6361906
TI  - [A device for heating and washing of wax from type WAG-500 polymerization boxes].

PMID- 6361907
TI  - [Tooth abrasion and changes in the anatomical structure of the mandible of humans
      living 3,000 years ago in the Tarnobrzeg region].

PMID- 6361908
TI  - Review: 6 keto-prostaglandin-E1.

PMID- 6361909
TI  - Cholinergic stimulation of vascular prostacyclin synthesis.
AB  - The production of prostacyclin by rings of rabbit aorta was assessed by the
      radioimmunoassay of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. In steady-state conditions, the rings
      released 11 ng 6-K-PGF1 alpha per 100 mg tissue in 30 min. Acetylcholine
      increased this output: a significant effect was detected at 1 microM and at 10
      microM the amplitude of stimulation was 10-fold. The production of PGE2 and PGF2
      alpha was also increased, but to a lesser extent. The stimulatory action of
      acetylcholine was mimicked by carbamylcholine and inhibited by atropine; it was
      abolished in a calcium-free medium. Dog and rat aorta also produced more 6-K-PGF1
      alpha in response to cholinergic agonists. A short rubbing of the intimal surface
      of the aorta removed the layer of endothelial cells and completely abolished the
      cholinergic effect. It is concluded that in the aorta, cholinergic agonists,
      acting on a muscarinic receptor, stimulate the production of prostacyclin by
      endothelial cells.

PMID- 6361910
TI  - Prostacyclin producing activity of human umbilical, placental and uterine
      vessels.
AB  - Prostacyclin-like material producing activity of umbilical, placental and uterine
      vessels was studied. Umbilical arteries and veins were separated at sites 10-15cm
      and 1-2cm from insertion of the umbilical cord to the placenta. Placental
      arteries and veins were prepared from the first, second and third branches on the
      chorionic plate. Uterine vessels were obtained at abdominal hysterectomy. After
      incubation of each specimen in Tris buffer 1 ml (pH8.5, 0.5M) for 30 min at room
      temperature, the inhibitory effect of the medium on ADP induced platelet
      aggregation was measured and the prostacyclin-like material was quantified. These
      procedures were repeated consecutively four times in total for each specimen.
      Prostacyclin-like material production rate and its total production were
      calculated. In total prostacyclin-like material production, umbilical arteries
      and veins were much higher than placental arteries and veins respectively (p less
      than 0.001), but there was no significant difference between placental and
      uterine vessels. These results showed that prostacyclin-like material producing
      activity of blood vessels declined remarkably at the transitive region from
      umbilical to placental vessels. It seems that this distribution of vascular
      prostacyclin-like material producibility in the fetoplacental vascular system
      correlates with that of vascular reactivity to prostacyclin.

PMID- 6361911
TI  - Prostacyclin induces a surprising long-lasting motility in quiescent uterine
      strips (indomethacin-treated) isolated from ovariectomized rats.
AB  - Dose-response curves for several prostaglandins (PGI2; PGD2; PGF2 and PGE2);
      BaCl2 or prostaglandin metabolites (15-keto-PGF2 alpha; 13,14-diOH-15-keto-PGF2
      alpha; 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and 6-keto PGE1 in quiescent (indomethacin-treated)
      uterine strips from ovariectomized rats, were constructed. All PGs tested as well
      as BaCl2, triggered at different concentrations, evident phasic contractions.
      Within the range of concentrations tested the portion of the curves for the
      metabolites of PGF2 alpha was shifted to the right of that for PGF2 alpha itself;
      the curve for 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was displaced to the right of the curve for PGI2
      and that for 6-keto-PGE1 to the left. It was also demonstrated that the uterine
      motility elicited by 10(-5) M PGF2 alpha and its metabolites was long lasting
      (more than 3 hours) and so it was the activity evoked by PGI2;6-keto-PGF1 alpha
      and BaCl2, but not the contractions following 6-keto-PGE1, which disappeared much
      earlier. The contractile tension after PGF2 alpha; 15-keto-PGF2 alpha; 13,14-diOH
      15-keto-PGF2 alpha and PGI2, increased as time progressed whilst that evoked by 6
      keto-PGF1 alpha or BaCl2 fluctuated during the same period around more constant
      levels. The surprising sustained and gradually increasing contractile activity
      after a single dose of an unstable prostaglandin such as PGI2, on the isolated
      rat uterus rendered quiescent by indomethacin, is discussed in terms of an effect
      associated to its transformation into more stable metabolites (6-keto-PGF1 alpha,
      or another not tested) or as a consequence of a factor which might protects
      prostacyclin from inactivation.

PMID- 6361912
TI  - [Study of fungal flora of the skin of patients with psoriasis].

PMID- 6361914
TI  - Advantages, procedures, and fabrication of the Micropin precision attachment.

PMID- 6361913
TI  - [Studies on the sensitivity of the cerebrospinal fluid TPHA reaction and the
      diagnostic usefulness of this method in late syphilis].

PMID- 6361915
TI  - Recastability of a base metal alloy.

PMID- 6361916
TI  - Felix Traub explains his multiple layer technique and his step-by-step system for
      ceramics.

PMID- 6361917
TI  - Muscle tension and its relation to symptoms in the premenstruum.
AB  - Muscle tension as a function of sympathetic arousal may play a causal or
      contributory role in symptomatology in the premenstruum. The purpose of this
      study was to determine whether women exhibit an increase in muscle tension in the
      premenstrual phase over that in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, and
      whether the incidence and severity of premenstrual symptoms were associated with
      premenstrual muscle tension. A sample of 22 women with variable levels of
      predicted premenstrual symptomatology was chosen. A report of symptoms was
      obtained in the premenstrual and follicular phases of the menstrual cycle.
      Frontalis and trapezius muscle tension levels also were obtained during these
      cycle phases, during relaxation, and during focus on an emotional image. A
      difference was found in the subjects' premenstrual and follicular phase frontalis
      electromyogram (EMG) levels both in the initial relaxation period and while
      focusing on an emotional image. A significant positive correlation was found
      between the premenstrual physiologic symptoms women predicted they would have and
      the premenstrual frontalis EMG levels measured during relaxation. The results
      suggest that training in muscle tension reduction may benefit premenstrual
      symptoms.

PMID- 6361918
TI  - [Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis based on radioisotope sources].

PMID- 6361919
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of a 99m-Tc-DTPA solution].

PMID- 6361920
TI  - [Progress in semiconductor radiation detectors--with special reference to silicon
      detectors].

PMID- 6361921
TI  - [Applications of x-ray fluorescence].

PMID- 6361922
TI  - [Progressive systemic sclerosis. A diagnostic problem].

PMID- 6361923
TI  - [Optical and ultrastructure study of the effect of Serratia marcescens endotoxin
      at the hepatic level].

PMID- 6361924
TI  - [Epidemic pharyngitis due to a beta hemolytic Streptococcus of the Lancefield
      group G].

PMID- 6361925
TI  - [Toxic shock syndrome. A new facet of an old microorganism].

PMID- 6361927
TI  - [Current aspects of primary biliary cirrhosis (I)].

PMID- 6361926
TI  - [Administration of diethylstilbestrol during pregnancy, a public health problem].
AB  - The analysis of the health risks associated with the administration of
      diethylstilbestrol (DES) during pregnancy (for the prevention or treatment of
      threatened abortions) has been largely published. Concerning mothers, a
      relationship between DES exposure during pregnancy and risk of cancer is
      unproved. However, existing studies are sufficient cause for serious concern over
      drug's carcinogenic potential, and further follow-up studies are required.
      Concerning daughters, a clear association between in utero exposure to DES and
      clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina or cervix is established (incidence
      between 0.14 and 1.4 per 1000 through age 24). The risk for squamous cell cancer
      of the vagina and cervix does not seem to be increased. Cervico-vaginal adenosis
      is frequent (20% to 60% of exposed subjects). This is not a pre-cancerous lesion,
      its spontaneous evolution is towards regression. No treatment is prescribed.
      Morphological changes of the genital tract have been described, their
      consequences on fertility and pregnancy are not clear. Concerning sons, an excess
      of genital abnormalities (especially of the epididymis and undescended testis)
      has been reported, but information on the fertility implications of these
      findings is not available. There is no evidence of an increased risk of
      testicular cancer. The analysis of all these informations should allow to bring
      up a policy to take into account these risks in the population.

PMID- 6361928
TI  - [Non-epithelial malignant tumors of the stomach with special reference to
      lymphomatous formations].

PMID- 6361930
TI  - Changes in nitrogen fractions and proteolytic activities in the cotyledons of
      germinating lentils.
AB  - Changes in ninhydrin positive material, free amino acids and protein content
      during germination of seeds of Lens culinaris Med. have been studied. Ninhydrin
      positive material and free amino acids reached their highest concentration at the
      fifth day of germination. Total protein which represents 21% of the total dry
      weight of the lentil cotyledons, suffers a degradation of only 24% in seven days
      of germination; in the same period of time, reserve proteins underwent a
      degradation of 69%, legumin being the more abundant at the start, and the more
      rapidly depleted. Five different classes of proteolytic activities have been
      reported in lentil cotyledons: caseinolytic, active against the reserve proteins
      of the lentil cotyledons themselves, aminopeptidase, peptidehydrolase,
      carboxypeptidase and dipeptidase. The removal of the axis did not seem to exert
      any significant influence on the enzymatic activity.

PMID- 6361929
TI  - [Current aspects of primary biliary cirrhosis (2)].

PMID- 6361931
TI  - Purification and characterization of two proteolytic enzymes in the cotyledons of
      germinating lentils.
AB  - Two proteases, one peptidehydrolase and one aminopeptidase, have been purified to
      homogeneity from cotyledons of germinating seeds of Lens culinaris Med.
      Peptidehydrolase has an apparent molecular weight of 89,000 and an isoelectric
      point of 4.7. Peptidehydrolase activity was not affected by metal chelators but
      it was affected by N-bromosuccinimide, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and N
      ethylmaleimide, suggesting the presence of tryptophan and serine residues
      together with free--SH groups in its active site. Peptidehydrolase activity was
      maximally active from pH 6.0 to 9.0 being practically zero below pH 5.0. It was
      stable at temperatures up to 40 degrees C, and complete inactivation was obtained
      at or over 70 degrees C. Aminopeptidase has an apparent molecular weight of
      83,000 and an isoelectric point of 4.5. Its activity was affected by N
      bromosuccinimide, suggesting the presence of tryptophan residues in its active
      site. The aminopeptidase presents its maximal activity at pH 5.5. It was stable
      at temperatures up to 40 degrees C, and complete inactivation was detected at
      over 70 degrees C.

PMID- 6361932
TI  - Heat damage and repair in the Escherichia coli nucleoid: kinetics based on
      sedimentation analysis.
AB  - Changes in the structure of the Escherichia coli nucleoid during heat damage and
      repair were followed by sedimentation analysis in neutral sucrose gradients.
      Heating at 50 degrees C results first in a decrease in the sedimentation
      coefficient of the isolated nucleoid. Increasing the heating time, a subsequent
      increase in sedimentation coefficient is observed. After a heat shock (i.e. 4 min
      at 50 degrees C), a short incubation at 25 degrees C (i.e. 5 min) allows the
      nucleoid to repair and return to the sedimentation coefficient of control
      unheated nucleoids. The nucleoids heated at 50 degrees C for longer periods and
      incubated afterwards at 25 degrees C demonstrate a different pattern of
      structural repair. They associate with protein in the first stage of the repair
      period.

PMID- 6361933
TI  - [Complement, granulocytes and pulmonary capillaries].
AB  - The activation, aggregation and adhesion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes on the
      endothelial wall of the pulmonary capillaries are responsible for lesions of
      variable severity on the alveolar-capillary membrane. The mechanism and the
      contribution of this leukocyte aggregation was studied to explain the respiratory
      abnormalities observed during the course of haemodialysis, leukapharesis and the
      end of extra-corporeal circulation. The activation of complement, by the
      formation of C5a is probably the initiator of this phenomenon. Based on these
      experimental models, the varied steps in the intra-capillary aggregation of
      leukocytes is envisaged as an explanation for the lesions in the acute
      respiratory distress syndrome, alveolitis caused by immune complexes and
      pulmonary toxicity caused by oxygen. Corticosteroids may inhibit leukocyte
      aggregation under certain conditions. These studies allow for a more precise
      pathophysiological approach for the use of steroids in their disorders.

PMID- 6361934
TI  - Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: achievements and prospects.

PMID- 6361935
TI  - Brain tumours in childhood.

PMID- 6361936
TI  - Cardiovascular responses of conscious rats to acute intravenous and
      intracerebroventricular administration of Shigella sonnei endotoxin.
AB  - Shigella sonnei lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected intravenous (iv) or into
      the lateral cerebral ventricle (icv) of freely moving rats. Iv injection of 320
      micrograms/Kg reduced arterial blood pressure, increased heart rate and did not
      change pressor response and reflex bradycardia induced by iv bolus injection of
      phenylephrine (5 micrograms/Kg). Iv injection of 640 micrograms/Kg reduced
      arterial blood pressure and heart rate, and altered baroreceptor reflexes. Icv
      injection of LPS (up to 50 micrograms/rat) neither changed resting blood pressure
      and heart rate nor modified phenylephrine induced pressor response and reflex
      bradycardia. Results suggest that S. sonnei endotoxin determines cardiovascular
      changes mainly through baroreceptor resetting. Data also seem to rule out a
      central nervous system involvement.

PMID- 6361937
TI  - The effect of metoclopramide and haloperidol on plasma renin activity and
      aldosterone levels in rats.
AB  - To gain further information on dopaminergic inhibition of renin release and
      aldosterone secretion, we studied the effect of 0.1, 1.0, or 5.0 mg
      metoclopramide or haloperidol/kg body weight i.p. on plasma renin activity (PRA)
      and aldosterone concentration in serum, and of furosemide pretreatment or dietary
      sodium restriction (14 days) on PRA and aldosterone responses to 1.0 and 5.0 mg
      haloperidol/kg b.wt. i.p. in groups of eight male Sprague-Dawley rats.
      Aldosterone levels in serum were increased very similarly by 0.1 and 1.0 mg
      metoclopramide and haloperidol/kg. Whereas PRA and aldosterone were unaffected by
      5.0 mg metoclopramide/kg, both were maximally stimulated by 5.0 mg
      haloperidol/kg. Furosemide pretreatment increased PRA and aldosterone
      concentration and blunted the aldosterone response to haloperidol. PRA response
      to 5.0 mg haloperidol/kg was not changed. After sodium restriction, aldosterone
      concentration as inappropriately high and did not respond to 1.0 mg
      haloperidol/kg. However, PRA and aldosterone response to 5.0 mg haloperidol/kg
      was magnified. Our study confirms both dopaminergic inhibition of PRA and
      stimulation of aldosterone secretion by dopamine antagonists in rats. A feedback
      regulatory mechanism becomes conceivable which comprises aldosterone secretion,
      sodium turnover, volume homeostasis, and dopaminergic activity.

PMID- 6361938
TI  - [Progress of medical engineering in pacemaker technology].

PMID- 6361939
TI  - [Physiological pacing].

PMID- 6361940
TI  - [Indication for artificial pacemakers in bradyarrhythmias].

PMID- 6361941
TI  - [Right ventricular infarction--its pathophysiology, diagnosis and management].

PMID- 6361942
TI  - [Management of pain in lung cancer. (1) Chemotherapy and psychotherapy].

PMID- 6361943
TI  - [Management of pain in lung cancer. (II) Nerve Block].

PMID- 6361944
TI  - [Trigeminy--review of a proposed definition and classification].

PMID- 6361945
TI  - [Arachidonic acid cascade and ARDS].

PMID- 6361946
TI  - [Participation of the complement and phagocytic systems in the development of
      ARDS].

PMID- 6361947
TI  - [Fibrotic changes of the lung in ARDS].

PMID- 6361948
TI  - [In vitro hydrolysis of an ampicillin ester. I. Microbiologic evaluation].

PMID- 6361949
TI  - Abortive infection of coliphage T7 by antibiotic resistance R-factors which
      confer tetracycline resistance.

PMID- 6361951
TI  - [The current status of medicine in Chile with a proposal for a plan for its
      improvement. By Guillermo C. Blest. 1826].

PMID- 6361950
TI  - [150 years of formal education in Chile(1833-1983)].

PMID- 6361952
TI  - [Guillermo C. Blest, M.D].

PMID- 6361954
TI  - [Professors of the School of Medicine and the national political history (1833
      1983)].

PMID- 6361953
TI  - [History of Chilean medicine: 1930-1982].

PMID- 6361956
TI  - [Vasculitis: an attempt at classification].

PMID- 6361955
TI  - [Treatment of duodenal ulcer with pirenzepin].

PMID- 6361957
TI  - [Jean Bourgeois and Mount Everest. December 1982].

PMID- 6361958
TI  - Pyogenic psoas abscesses: noninvasive diagnostic techniques and review of the
      literature.
AB  - Psoas muscle abscesses are a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Until
      recently, surgery was mandated for diagnosis and drainage of these deep posterior
      lesions. Scanning techniques such as computerized tomography, radionuclide
      imaging, and ultrasonography now enable noninvasive visualization of
      abnormalities of the psoas muscle. Patients with abscesses in the greater psoas
      muscle fall into two distinct groups. Six of 12 patients reviewed had no apparent
      predisposing conditions. These patients presented with subacute symptoms of
      fever, pain, and disability. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant organism
      isolated. Psoas infections developed in six other patients secondarily to
      infection or trauma elsewhere in the abdomen. Gram-negative and enteric organisms
      were the predominant bacteria isolated from this group. Surgical drainage in
      selected patients and appropriate antimicrobial therapy is necessary for
      treatment of these infections. Late complications such as osteomyelitis are not
      unusual.

PMID- 6361959
TI  - Invasive aspergillosis.
AB  - Invasive fungal disease of humans caused by species of the genus Aspergillus
      Micheli ex Linnaeus has become a significant and prevalent problem in
      contemporary medicine, particularly with regard to the compromised host. This
      review addresses the current status of invasive aspergillosis, including
      microbiological, clinical, and pathologic aspects. Diagnostic and therapeutic
      considerations are discussed with a view toward early and aggressive intervention
      in order to prevent the high mortality rate associated with aspergillosis.

PMID- 6361960
TI  - Nosocomial infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa: review of recent trends.
AB  - The role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in nosocomial infections occurring since 1975
      is reviewed. Data from the National Nosocomial Infections Study conducted by the
      Centers for Disease Control, from individual medical centers, and from the
      literature were used to compare the relative frequency of occurrence of
      nosocomial infection caused by P. aeruginosa with that of infection caused by
      other gram-negative bacilli. The relative frequency of P. aeruginosa as a
      nosocomial pathogen has increased, although wide variations are seen among
      individual medical centers. P. aeruginosa continues to be a major pathogen among
      patients with immunosuppression, cystic fibrosis, malignancy, and trauma. While
      Staphylococcus aureus has become the predominant pathogen in some large burn
      centers, P. aeruginosa is the most important gram-negative pathogen. Periodic
      review of the epidemiology of P. aeruginosa infection is warranted in view of the
      changing incidence of infection caused by this organism.

PMID- 6361961
TI  - Effectiveness of immunization with multicomponent vaccines in protection against
      hemorrhagic pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in mink.
AB  - The effectiveness of immunizing mink with a new multicomponent vaccine consisting
      of the common protective antigen (OEP) and toxoids of protease and elastase on
      experimental as well as epidemic hemorrhagic pneumonia due to Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa was investigated. This vaccine was compared with a single-component
      vaccine, consisting of OEP alone, for determination of its effectiveness in
      immunizing mink. The multicomponent vaccine was significantly more effective than
      the single-component vaccine. One vaccination with 100 micrograms each of OEP and
      toxoids of protease and elastase prevented an epidemic in mink of hemorrhagic
      pneumonia due to P. aeruginosa.

PMID- 6361962
TI  - Current approach to prevention and treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections
      in burned patients.
AB  - The extensively burned or severely injured patient is at increased risk of wound
      infection as well as of infection of other organs as a result of various degrees
      of impairment of host defense mechanisms. The incidence of burn wound and other
      infections increases as the severity of injury increases. The ease with which
      gram-negative, opportunistic organisms, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa of
      either endogenous or exogenous origin, can colonize and invade the
      immunosuppressed patient demands an active infection-surveillance program.
      Topical therapy for burn wounds with any of three available agents has
      significantly reduced the occurrence of invasive pseudomonas burn-wound sepsis,
      but none of the agents sterilize the burn wound, and the microbial flora of the
      burns of any given patient may escape from control and invade viable tissue.
      Clinical identification and biopsy confirmation of invasive burn-wound sepsis
      necessitates changes in both wound and general care, with surgical and antibiotic
      treatment guided by the extent and depth of wound invasion. Immunologic
      prophylaxis and treatment of pseudomonas infections, although attractive, remain
      of unverified clinical effectiveness. Effective treatment of pseudomonas
      septicemia secondary to invasive burn-wound sepsis and of pseudomonas infections
      in other organs is dependent on early diagnosis, appropriate antibiotic therapy
      guided by sensitivity testing, and adequate surgical intervention when required.

PMID- 6361963
TI  - Obituary Hans Adolf Krebs (1900-1981).

PMID- 6361964
TI  - The modular architectonic principle of neural centers.

PMID- 6361965
TI  - Simultaneous individual recordings from many cerebral neurons: techniques and
      results.

PMID- 6361968
TI  - R2 anti-reticulin antibody in a mixed hospital population.
AB  - R2 anti-reticulin antibody was detected in 15 of the 9,500 serum samples examined
      (0.16%) from a mixed hospital population. The antibody titre varied from 1:40 to
      1:320, and the R2 was of the IgG class in 13 of the 15 positive samples. All the
      15 serum samples with R2 were negative on human liver, confirming the lack of
      cross reaction of this antibody. The reactivity of R2 was not absorbed by soluble
      fractions of type I collagen, showing that this antibody is not directed against
      this antigen. R2 was confined to two groups of pathological conditions:
      connective tissue and digestive tract diseases. Four of 15 patients with R2 had
      rheumatoid arthritis and in two of these four cases the antibody was of the IgA
      class.

PMID- 6361966
TI  - Clinical trial with oxamniquine and praziquantel in the acute and chronic phases
      of schistosomiasis mansoni.

PMID- 6361967
TI  - [Praziquantel in the treatment of schistosomiasis mansoni in children].

PMID- 6361969
TI  - [2 cases of malignant thymoma requiring reconstruction of the superior vena
      cava].

PMID- 6361970
TI  - [Alveolar hydatid disease of the lung].

PMID- 6361972
TI  - "Relatively" painless wound debridement.

PMID- 6361971
TI  - [Management of pulmonary complications following surgery of esophageal cancer].

PMID- 6361973
TI  - Diabetes mellitus and immunity.
AB  - The present report discusses the immunogenic properties of insulin: the factors
      upon which immunogenicity depends, the characteristics of insulin antibodies,
      clinical aspects (insulin allergy, immunologic insulin resistance, lipodystrophy,
      etc.), as well as the significance of highly purified insulin products. The
      authors then review the role of autoimmunity in the etiopathogenesis of the
      diabetic disease as results from the association of diabetes with other
      autoimmune diseases, lymphocytic islet cell infiltration, phenomena of cell
      mediated and humoral mediated autoimmunity (islet cell antibodies). The present
      pathogenetic model of insulin-dependent diabetes (type 1) is marked by the
      predominance of these aspects. The last part of the report concerns immunologic
      functions in diabetics and the question of immune complexes.

PMID- 6361974
TI  - [Chloroquine- and fansidar-resistant falciparum malaria treated with
      minocycline].

PMID- 6361975
TI  - Insulin sensitivity in alcoholic cirrhosis.
AB  - The amount-of-substance rate of glucose metabolism and its sensitivity to the
      concentration of insulin was quantified in 10 non-diabetic patients with
      alcoholic cirrhosis of varying severity, using the 'glucose clamp technique'.
      Fasting glucose and insulin were 5.4 +/- 0.3 mmol/l and 187 +/- 50 pmol/l (mean
      +/- SEM), respectively. During the hyperglycaemic clamp (blood glucose at 12.5
      mmol/l) the glucose metabolic rate (divided by body mass) was 27 +/- 4 mumol X
      min-1 X kg-1 at an insulin concentration of 998 +/- 158 pmol/l. Thus the insulin
      sensitivity of the tissue glucose metabolism was 22 +/- 7 m3 X min-1 X kg-1.
      During the euglycaemic clamp exogenous insulin was given to a concentration of
      574 +/- 72 pmol/l. The resulting glucose metabolic rate was 20 +/- 4 mumol X min
      1 X kg-1 and the insulin sensitivity the same as during hyperglycaemia. The
      calculated systemic delivery rate of insulin (divided by body surface area) was
      783 +/- 172 pmol X min-1 X m-2. Fasting glucagon was 32 +/- 5 pmol/ and only
      partly depressed by glucose or insulin. In comparison with stated relevant
      control groups cirrhotics exhibit glucose intolerance characterized by decreased
      sensitivity to insulin, hyperinsulinaemia due to increased release, and
      hyperglucagonaemia with decreased suppressibility. There was no relation between
      clinical or biochemical data of the patients and the above results, suggesting
      that the abnormal glucose metabolism does not depend directly on the decreased
      liver function but on a disturbed pancreatic-hepatic-peripheral axis.

PMID- 6361976
TI  - The in vivo metabolism of C3 in human glomerulonephritis and after renal
      transplantation.
AB  - Metabolic investigations of complement component C3 have been performed to study
      pathogenetic mechanisms in patients with glomerulonephritis and after renal
      transplantation. Purified and biologically active 125I-labelled C3 was given
      intravenously together with 131I-albumin to nine patients with different forms of
      glomerulonephritis and nine allograft recipients at different stages after renal
      transplantation. Control studies were performed in 16 normal individuals. The
      fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of the proteins was calculated with the metabolic
      clearance method (U/P ratio) and/or by analysis of the plasma radioactivity
      disappearance curve. An increased FCR of C3 was found in three patients with
      glomerulonephritis. A modestly elevated FCR of C3 was found in all but one of the
      transplant patients as calculated by the U/P ratio, while the FCR was high in
      only two when calculated from plasma radioactivity disappearance. Slight
      increases of C3 catabolism were found during two suspected rejection episodes,
      but may have been due to a general increase in protein turnover. The serum level
      of C3 was reduced in two recipients and in one of these the FCR of the protein
      was elevated. The remaining patients had normal or increased C3 levels. Judged
      from these results, activation of complement was only of modest importance in the
      patients studied.

PMID- 6361977
TI  - Clinical and microbiologic aspects of serious infections caused by Staphylococcus
      epidermidis.
AB  - 10 patients with serious infections caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis (8 cases
      of endocarditis in non-prosthetic valves, 1 was complicated by osteomyelitis, 1
      case of osteomyelitis, and 1 case of septicemia) are described. Clinical and
      microbiologic features were evaluated including antibiotic sensitivity and
      synergy studies, phage typing and biotyping. Endocarditis tended to affect the
      elderly population and the clinical manifestations were quite similar to those
      caused by Streptococcus viridans. Both patients with osteomyelitis had
      involvement of the cervical spine with excellent response to antibiotic therapy.
      The only patient with septicemia acquired via hyperalimentation had delayed
      clearance of the bacteremia but ultimately responded to intravenous antibiotics.
      Rifampicin was the most effective of all antibiotics tested. All isolates were
      sensitive to penicillinase-resistant penicillins and cephalosporins and over half
      were sensitive to penicillin. Full synergistic activity was demonstrated with
      cephalothin and nafcillin in combination with rifampicin, and rifampicin
      vancomycin was partially synergistic against the majority of the strains. Five of
      8 available isolates were non-phage typeable and no definite pattern was
      established for various types of infections. Four of the 8 isolates were
      classified as biotype SIIa, 2 biotype SIIc and 2 biotype SVh.

PMID- 6361978
TI  - Bacterial colonization of the lower urinary tract in women with long-term
      indwelling urethral catheter.
AB  - The bacterial colonization of urethra and urine was studied over long periods in
      16 hospitalized women with long-term indwelling bladder catheter. The cultured
      flora was polymicrobic and, except for Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli,
      rapidly changing. The colonization patterns showed marked inter-species
      variations. P. mirabilis was the species most commonly found, and in the urethra
      it was significantly more persistent than the other species. Unlike the other
      species, P. mirabilis was rarely found in urine without concomitant urethral
      growth. Prophylactic measures aimed to reduce the risk of permanent colonization
      by this pathogen, which is rendered particularly harmful by its urease
      production, should therefore be directed towards the urethra and the periurethral
      area.

PMID- 6361979
TI  - Reactogenicity of a malaria merozoite antigen in Aotus monkeys compared with the
      effects caused by two new adjuvants, CP-20,961 and [B30]-MDP.
AB  - Six Aotus trivirgatus monkeys were included in a clinical study to compare the
      adverse reactions caused by a Plasmodium falciparum antigen and 2 adjuvants, a
      lipoidal amine, CP-20,961, and a muramyl dipeptide derivative, [B30]-MDP. Two
      monkeys were given 2 intramuscular injections, 3 weeks apart, of 1 of these
      vaccine components. Both the antigen and the two adjuvants caused local and
      general reactions as well as hematological and biochemical changes. Except for an
      up to 60% rise in leukocyte count, the antigen caused reactions least, followed
      by [B30]-MDP. CP-20,961 evoked more vigorous reactions and changes, but none of
      them reached such an extent that it would contraindicate its potential use in
      forthcoming vaccine studies. We conclude that both adjuvants are to be considered
      as relatively safe when combined with an appropriate P. falciparum antigen.

PMID- 6361980
TI  - Plasmid-mediated beta-lactam resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from
      travellers' diarrhoea in the Far East.
AB  - The transfer of drug resistance and beta-lactamase activity of 28 E. coli from
      travellers' diarrhoea were examined. Plasmid-mediated beta-lactam resistance was
      found in 18 and at least 3 different types of beta-lactamases were demonstrated.

PMID- 6361981
TI  - Great interindividual insulin dependent variation in ketone body metabolism in
      human infection.
AB  - In an effort to study whether previous data obtained from animal studies showing
      decreased blood ketone body concentration and suggesting a shut-off of ketone
      body production in acute infection are valid also for man, 14 previously healthy
      patients, suffering from pyelonephritis, pneumonia, serous meningitis or upper
      respiratory tract infection were investigated. There were great interindividual
      differences in the ketone body response, which seems to be insulin dependent. The
      results indicate that in man there is probably no general inhibition of ketone
      body production in the liver in acute infection.

PMID- 6361982
TI  - Bone formation in demineralized bone transplants treated with biosynthetic human
      growth hormone.
AB  - The influence of local administration of biosynthetic human growth hormone on the
      bone formation in a rabbit bone defect grafted with demineralized autologous bone
      was studied and compared to contralateral saline administration. The growth
      hormone was produced by hybrid DNA-technique and administered locally to the bone
      defect with the demineralized bone implant by an osmotic pump delivering 5
      microliters/h during 14 days. At 14 and 28 days after operation the bone forming
      process was evaluated by roentgenography, planimetry included, and scintigraphy
      after injection of 99Tcm-labelled DPD. At 28 days after operation also
      autoradiography was performed. The roentgenographic and scintigraphic
      examinations revealed no influence from growth hormone neither 14 nor 28 days
      postoperatively. Centrally in the remineralized grafts the roentgenograms 28 days
      after operation showed radiolucent areas which in corresponding autoradiograms
      showed no uptake of 99Tcm. These areas turned out to be remnants of matrix. It is
      suggested that growth hormone has no influence on the bone induction process
      during the first 14 days when administered to bone matrix, probably due to
      relative lack of osteogenic cells. This study contributes a base for further
      evaluation of factors pertinent to hormonal stimulation of bone matrix
      transplants.

PMID- 6361983
TI  - Treatment of fingertip amputations with bone exposure. A comparative study
      between surgical and conservative treatment methods.
AB  - The long-term results following 36 surgically and 34 conservatively treated
      fingertip amputations with bone exposure are presented in a retrospective study.
      Surgery did not produce better results even though it was performed by skilled
      hand surgeons. The advantages of the conservative (mainly adhesive zinc tape)
      treatment method are pointed out. The regenerative capacity of the amputated
      fingertip is shown and discussed.

PMID- 6361984
TI  - Early bone grafting in complete cleft lip and palate cases following
      maxillofacial orthopedics. III. A study of the dental occlusion.
AB  - The dental occlusion of children born with complete cleft lip and palate was
      studied in deciduous and mixed dentition. The children were divided in two
      unilateral groups: one group of 39 children operated on between 1960-1965 without
      preoperative orthopedics and another group of 46 children operated on between
      1965-1972 after preoperative orthopedics ("T-traction"). One group of 19 children
      with bilateral clefts operated on 1960-1972 after premaxillary retropositioning
      pressure, if necessary combined with outward rotation of the lateral maxillary
      segments was also studied. All children were bone grafted with the "four flap"
      technique. Comparisons were made with cleft children bone grafted with a
      different surgical method, with non-grafted U.S. cleft children, with cleft
      children operated on with infant periosteoplasty and with nonclefts. Crossbites
      were more frequent in clefts bone grafted with a different surgical method. The
      results of this study corresponded more to those operated on with infant
      periosteoplasty or to the non-grafted cases. However, all cleft groups differed
      significantly from nonclefts with a reduced overjet and overbite and narrower and
      shorter upper dental arches.

PMID- 6361985
TI  - Early bone grafting in complete cleft lip and palate cases following
      maxillofacial orthopedics. IV. A radiographic study of the incorporation of the
      bone grafts.
AB  - The development of bone grafts in complete alveolar clefts was studied with
      standard radiographic methods. The patients were divided into three groups: one
      unilateral group of 39 children operated on between 1960-1965 without
      preoperative orthopedics, another unilateral group of 46 children operated on
      between 1965-1972 after preoperative orthopedics ("T-traction") and one group of
      bilateral clefts with 19 children operated on 1960-1972 after premaxillary
      retropositioning pressure if necessary combined with outward rotation of the
      lateral segments. All children had bone grafts inserted with "a four-flap"
      technique. The results were compared with those operated on with early bone
      grafting by a different method. The results were similar with good healing and
      incorporation of the transplanted bone. The group bone grafted after preoperative
      "T-traction", which facilitates the surgical procedure, showed the highest
      alveolar bone level. The amount of bone seemed to increase with increasing age of
      the patient and migration of teeth into the grafted region.

PMID- 6361986
TI  - Treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis with diclofenac sodium.
AB  - Diclofenac sodium was investigated in the treatment of juvenile rheumatoid
      arthritis (JRA). The pharmacokinetics of diclofenac in children aged 2-7 was
      assessed. Seven patients were included in a single-dose trial to determine plasma
      levels and renal elimination of diclofenac sodium. Venous blood samples were
      taken at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours after administration of a 25 mg enteric
      coated Voltaren tablet. Urine was collected before and 0-6 and 6-12 hours after
      tablet ingestion. Maximum concentrations ranged from 0.79 to 4.25 micrograms/ml,
      and were found between 0.5 and 2 hours. Renal elimination of total diclofenac
      ranged from 5.4 to 10.2% of the oral dose in 6 of the 7 patients. The youngest
      patient (2 years) had a lower elimination rate (2.25%) during the 12 hours
      observed. The values for children over 2 years corresponded to the range measured
      in adults. The pharmacokinetic study was followed by a placebo-controlled study
      with diclofenac sodium and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) for 2 weeks in 45
      hospitalized patients aged 3-15 years. The patients were randomly assigned to
      either: DS 2-3 mg/kg/day, microcrystallized ASA 50-100 mg/kg/day, or placebo
      matching diclofenac. Global evaluation of therapeutic efficacy showed improvement
      in 73% of the patients in the diclofenac group, in 50% of the ASA group and in
      27% of the placebo group. A statistically significant difference between these
      groups was found (p less than 0.05). The sum of grades of joint tenderness
      decreased during the 2 weeks in 67% of patients in the diclofenac group, in 56%
      of the ASA group and in 36% of the placebo group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6361987
TI  - Arthritis in patients with antimitochondrial antibodies.
AB  - We describe the clinical and radiographic findings in 15 women with
      antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) without clinical liver disease. Arthralgias
      appeared in their third or fourth decade and typically involved the small joints
      of the hands with periarticular swelling and cortical erosions. Few hand nodes,
      deformation, or sclerodactyly. Four had histologic primary biliary cirrhosis
      (PBC). The association between arthritis and PBC is discussed. The arthritis and
      PBC may be two manifestations of some general underlying disease process, AMA
      being a marker. Patients with atypical arthralgias affecting the hands should
      have the AMA test performed in view of the possibility that this affection might
      accompany or progress to PBC.

PMID- 6361988
TI  - Studies in the prophylaxis of herpes infections in severely immunocompromised
      patients using acyclovir.
AB  - That acyclovir is effective therapeutically in herpes simplex virus (HSV) and
      herpes zoster (VZV) infections in immunocompromised patients has been established
      [13]. This paper reviews our subsequent studies in prophylaxis of herpes group
      infections in a high risk group of patients suffering from acute leukaemia. In
      study 1 we randomised HSV seropositive (greater than or equal to 1:8) patients to
      receive intravenous acyclovir or placebo. In this stratified study bone marrow
      transplant (BMT) recipients were completely protected from HSV infections by
      acyclovir compared with a 50% failure rate for those on placebo. There was
      significant protection also in the non-BMT group [8]. In study 2 oral acyclovir
      prophylaxis failed to provide complete protection in BMT recipients despite the
      achievement of apparently adequate blood levels. In study 1 the secretion of EBV
      in saliva before and during the trial gave inconclusive results. In each of the
      first two studies one patient on "active" acyclovir developed a cytomegalovirus
      (CMV) infection. Thus, at the dosage of drug used, prophylaxis of CMV was
      unsuccessful suggesting that claims of therapeutic efficacy are unlikely to be
      supported in controlled trials. Study 3 is current and concerns the
      pharmacokinetics of an acyclovir prodrug (BW 134U) taken by mouth. This drug is
      near 100% absorbed and achieves approximately twice the level of active acyclovir
      in vivo, following conversion by adenosine deaminase (ADA), in normal volunteers.

PMID- 6361989
TI  - Immunoprophylaxis of gram-negative infections: background for a prophylactic
      study of purified anticore-glycolipid immunoglobulins in neutropenic patients.

PMID- 6361990
TI  - Ineffectiveness of single-dose human antiserum to core glycolipid (E. coli J5)
      for prophylaxis of bacteremic, gram-negative infections in patients with
      prolonged neutropenia.
AB  - It has been recently established that serum from human volunteers immunized with
      E. coli J5 vaccine prevents death of patients with gram-negative shock. The
      present study addressed the question whether the prophylactic administration of a
      similar amount of J5 antiserum could protect neutropenic patients from acquiring
      gram-negative infections. One hundred patients, the majority of which had acute
      non-lymphoblastic (63%) and lymphoblastic (29%) leukemia, presented 109 episodes
      of neutropenia. Sixty of the 100 patients underwent bone marrow transplantation.
      All patients were given one unit of either pre-immune (control) or J5 antiserum
      serum from volunteers at the onset of neutropenia. When compared to control
      serum, J5 antiserum given prophylactically did not reduce the number of febrile
      days, the number of gram-negative bacteremic episodes, or death from these
      infections. This inability to demonstrate a beneficial effect of prophylaxis with
      a single unit of J5 antiserum in prolonged neutropenia may have several
      explanations that are discussed.

PMID- 6361991
TI  - Early granulocyte transfusions in high risk febrile neutropenic patients.
AB  - A total of 39 febrile neutropenic patients at high risk of gram-negative rod
      bacteremia and poor prognosis relative to likely response to infection were
      randomized prospectively to receive granulocyte transfusion within 24 hours of
      beginning broad spectrum combination antibiotic therapy. Of 16 infected patients
      receiving granulocytes 11 (69%) improved and of 23 not receiving granulocytes 18
      (78%) improved (NSD). Similar results were found for bacteremia (3 of 4 and 6 of
      7 improved, respectively). These results do not support the routine early use of
      granulocyte transfusions in this defined group of neutropenic patients.

PMID- 6361992
TI  - Rational basis for the choice of regimens for empirical therapy of sepsis in
      granulocytopenic patients. A report of the EORTC International Antimicrobial
      Therapy Project Group.
AB  - The three therapeutic trials of the EORTC International Antimicrobial Therapy
      Project Group are reviewed, demonstrating the efficacy of synergistic
      combinations of aminoglycosides with beta-lactam compounds in the initial
      empirical therapy of febrile episodes in granulocytopenic patients. Large numbers
      of patients are required in order to have sufficient evaluable cases in small but
      important sub-groups to draw any valid and statistically significant conclusions.
      At present this can be achieved only by co-operative groups engaging in multi
      centre trials.

PMID- 6361993
TI  - Antibiotic combinations for the empiric treatment of the febrile neutropenic
      patient.
AB  - Empiric antimicrobial therapy in the granulocytopenic patient has traditionally
      consisted of a combination of an aminoglycoside plus a cephalosporin or
      aminoglycoside plus an antipseudomonal penicillin. These combinations have been
      proven reasonably effective and only moderately toxic. In some centers
      trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combined with an aminoglycoside or antipseudomonal
      penicillin has been used, again with good efficacy and minimal toxicity. The
      newer extended spectrum penicillins and cephalosporins has made possible two-drug
      combinations with aminoglycosides that provide double coverage of nearly all of
      the common bacterial pathogens while concurrently providing synergy against most
      of these same organisms. Further, it is now possible to have a double beta-lactam
      combination of a penicillin and cephalosporin which has the advantages of broad
      spectrum by both antimicrobials and, at times, synergistic activity but without
      the ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides. The double beta-lactam
      combination would be especially useful in the neutropenic patient with
      established renal insufficiency or a history of previous courses of
      aminoglycoside therapy. Care should be taken in choosing such a regimen, however,
      because some combinations demonstrate antagonism. There is increasing data to
      indicate that patients with profound (less than 100 microliters), persistent
      (greater than 14 days) granulocytopenia and concurrent gram-negative bacteremia
      respond best if treated with two active, bactericidal antibiotics, preferably
      synergistic in action. The potential for synergistic activity of the drugs
      selected should be, therefore, carefully considered. The duration of therapy
      should be adjusted according to the severity of infection, the response of the
      infection to antimicrobial therapy, and rate of recovery of the patient's
      granulocyte count.

PMID- 6361994
TI  - The role of the new penicillins and cephalosporins in the management of infection
      in granulocytopenic patients.
AB  - Overall, the use of the new cephalosporins has not so far been a major
      breakthrough in the empire therapy of febrile episodes and infections in
      granulocytopenic patients. In the only controlled large study available so far
      (EORTC), the cefotaxime-containing regimen was definitely not the best among the
      combinations tested. It remains to be seen whether other cephalosporins such as
      cefoperazone or ceftazidime would perform better in the future; especially with
      ceftazidime alone or in combination with aminoglycosides, the early results
      appear to be very promising. Whether single drug therapy with one of these new
      cephalosporins, which usually results in a high serum bactericidal activity, will
      eventually prove to be as good as combination therapy will await evaluation of
      more patients over extended periods of time, with a special attention to the
      possible emergence of resistant pathogens.

PMID- 6361996
TI  - [Clinical behavior after 1 year of 4 white light-polymerized composites].

PMID- 6361997
TI  - [6-year clinical trial with titanium plasma-coated ITI (Internationales Team fur
      Implantologie ) screw implants in the mandibular interforaminal region].

PMID- 6361995
TI  - Prophylaxis of bacterial infections with oral antibiotics in neutropenic
      patients. Lessons from the last two EORTC trials and prospects for the future.
AB  - It is well known that patients with granulocytopenia due either to bone marrow
      failure, acute leukemia or its treatment, or as a result of other intensive
      chemotherapy are at enhanced risk of serious infection. Several approaches have
      been designed to minimize the risk of infection in these patients by means of
      suppression of gastrointestinal flora. A retrospective review of infection in
      febrile neutropenic patients revealed a significant decrease in bacteremia in
      patients who had received some oral antimicrobial regimen compared with those who
      did not. In one large series, infection due to the four most common infecting
      organisms in neutropenic patients (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus,
      Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species) occurred in 28% of 380 patients receiving
      some oral antibiotic regimen compared with 44% of 426 receiving no oral
      prophylaxis. Aminoglycosides alone or in combination with vancomycin or polymyxin
      and bacitracin and other agents have been utilized in gut decontaminating
      regimens. More recently, selective decontamination with a variety of oral agents
      including nalidixic acid, cotrimoxazole, colistin, etc. have been shown to be
      effective in some trials. Although cotrimoxazole initially was thought to be
      beneficial in reducing infection and bacteremia in neutropenic patients, the
      recently completed EORTC trial did not show a significant difference in incidence
      of infection or bacteremia in acute leukemia patients attendant upon the use of
      oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. There was a significant reduction in
      infections and bacteremia in patients with malignancies other than acute non
      lymphocytic leukemia. Thus, there is a need for infection prevention in
      neutropenic patients but the optimal method for achieving this goal remains to be
      determined.

PMID- 6361998
TI  - [Cast reconstruction of the anterior teeth--materials science aspects].

PMID- 6362000
TI  - Pemphigus: a review of current concepts.

PMID- 6361999
TI  - [Antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents--from research to practice. VIII.
      Remarks to practitioners on the properties of natural penicillins, their salts
      and esters].

PMID- 6362001
TI  - Occupational exposure to lead in ancient times.
AB  - The uses and regional production of lead in ancient times are summarized. Since
      there is no evidence to suggest that any deliberate attempts were made to curtail
      personal exposure to the mine dusts or the emissions from the forges and
      crucibles, it is surmised that many of the ancient artisans who worked with lead
      probably contracted plumbism. The number of workers so exposed is estimated to be
      over 140,000 per year during the Roman Empire. The ancient literary records of
      work-related plumbism, however, are surprisingly sparse.

PMID- 6362002
TI  - Isolation and preliminary toxicological evaluation of arsenobetaine - the water
      soluble arsenical constituent from the hepatopancreas of the western rock
      lobster.
AB  - The water soluble arsenic compound present in the hepatopancreas of the western
      rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus George) has been isolated as the reineckate salt
      and has been identified as arsenobetaine. Intraperitoneal injection of
      arsenobetaine into mice at 500 mg kg-1 did not result in mortality, and no
      symptoms of poisoning were observed. Mice treated with arsenobetaine at 360 mg kg
      1 rapidly eliminated the compound in their excreta and no evidence was obtained
      for metabolic alteration. When tested in the Ames' Salmonella typhimurium system
      for chemical mutagens, both in the presence and absence of liver microsomal
      oxidase fraction, arsenobetaine gave consistently negative results.

PMID- 6362003
TI  - Carcinogenicity and toxicity of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid.
AB  - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is carcinogenic in male and female rats
      and probably also in mice. Male and female rats ingesting 2,4-D developed
      increased incidences of malignant neoplasms. Lymphosarcomas were increased in
      rats of both sexes, and neoplasms of the mammary gland in female rats. Male rats
      also had carcinomas of the endocrine organs. 2,4-D isooctyl ester was
      carcinogenic for the lymphoreticular system in female mice. 2,4-D and 2,4
      dichlorophenol also were promoters of neoplasms of the skin in mice. Male mice
      given 2,4-D isopropyl ester developed an increased incidence of neoplasms of the
      lung. 2,4-D also is mutagenic and teratogenic in animals and causes poisoning in
      animals and human beings.

PMID- 6362004
TI  - Estimated dose to man from uranium milling via the beef/milk food-chain pathway.
AB  - One of the major pathways of radiological exposure to man from uranium milling
      operations is through the beef/milk food chain. Studies by various investigators
      have shown the extent of uptake and distribution of 238U, 234U, 230Th, 226Ra,
      210Pb, and 210Po in plants and cattle. These long-lived natural radioisotopes,
      all nuclides of the uranium decay series, are found in concentrated amounts in
      uranium mill tailings. In this paper, data from these investigations are used to
      estimate the dose to man from consumption of beef and milk from cattle that have
      fed on forage contaminated with the tailings. The estimated doses from this
      technologically enhanced source are compared with those resulting from average
      dietary intake of these radionuclides from natural sources.

PMID- 6362005
TI  - Insulin antibodies in insulin-dependent diabetics before insulin treatment.
AB  - A sensitive assay was used to measure the binding of iodine-125-labeled insulin
      in serum obtained from 112 newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetics before
      insulin treatment was initiated. Two groups of nondiabetics served as controls:
      children with a variety of diseases other than diabetes and nondiabetic siblings
      of insulin-dependent diabetics. Eighteen of the diabetics were found to have
      elevated binding and 36 were above the 95th percentile of control values. The
      insulin-binding protein is precipitated by antibody to human immunoglobulin G,
      has a displacement curve that is parallel and over the same concentration range
      as serum from long-standing insulin-dependent diabetics, and elutes from a
      Sephacryl S-300 column at the position of gamma globulin. These insulin
      antibodies are present in a large percentage of newly diagnosed, untreated
      diabetics and may be an immune marker of B-cell damage.

PMID- 6362006
TI  - Lowered cholesterol decreases heart disease.

PMID- 6362008
TI  - EDB contamination kindles federal action.

PMID- 6362007
TI  - Plasmodium falciparum maturation abolishes physiologic red cell deformability.
AB  - Normal red cells deform markedly as they pass through the spleen and the
      peripheral capillaries. In these studies, the effects of Plasmodium falciparum
      infection and maturation on the deformability of parasitized red cells exposed to
      fluid shear stress in vitro were examined by means of a rheoscope. Red cells
      containing the early (ring) erythrocytic stage of the parasite have impaired
      deformability at physiologic shear stresses, and recover their normal shape more
      slowly. Red cells containing more mature parasites (trophozoites or schizonts)
      exhibit no deformation under the same conditions. These results provide a
      mechanism to explain the ability of the spleen to remove parasitized red cells
      from the circulation of both immune and nonimmune hosts.

PMID- 6362009
TI  - Evaluation of automated platelet counters for the enumeration and sizing of
      platelets in the diagnosis and management of hemostatic problems.

PMID- 6362010
TI  - fibrinolysis=fibronolysis.

PMID- 6362011
TI  - Synthetic peptide substrate assays in coagulation and fibrinolysis and their
      application on automates.

PMID- 6362012
TI  - Intrinsically derived deformational defects secondary to spinal dysraphism.

PMID- 6362013
TI  - The use of a sectional impression method for a complete maxillary immediate
      denture patient with a special indication.

PMID- 6362014
TI  - [Being night nurse in the psychiatric hospital: wakefulness and sophrology].

PMID- 6362015
TI  - Conjugal transfer of multiple antibiotic resistance from hospital isolates of
      Klebsiella to Escherichia coli.
AB  - Six independent isolates of Klebsiella from hospital environmental sources in
      Malaysia were found to be resistant to at least ampicillin, carbenicillin,
      cefoperazone, chloramphenicol, gentamicin and tetracycline. On the basis of their
      antibiograms, they were divided into four antibiogroups. They transferred all or
      part of their multiple antibiotic resistance traits to E. coli by conjugation.
      The results suggest that these Klebsiella strains harbour self-transmissible R
      plasmids. The significance of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 6362016
TI  - Detection of antibodies in cats infected with filarial parasites by the indirect
      immunofluorescence technique.
AB  - The indirect immunofluorescence technique in cats infected with filarial
      parasites, Brugia malayi, B. pahangi and D. repens were studied. The antibody
      level in infected microfilaraemic cats was higher than that in infected
      amicrofilaraemic cats and uninfected cats. Papain-treated whole microfilariae
      appeared to be more sensitive than the sonicated antigen. The comparative IFA
      titres using papain-treated and sonicated microfilarial antigen, in the
      serodiagnosis of filariasis is presented.

PMID- 6362017
TI  - Treatment of quinine resistant falciparum malaria in Thai children.
AB  - A study was carried out to assess the efficacy of a modified 7 day course of
      quinine in children with falciparum malaria, in comparison with those of a 7 day
      course of quinine at standard dosage and a combination of a 7 day course of
      quinine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, and in relation to the MIC, and to the
      serum levels of quinine during the course of treatment. Seventy seven children
      aged 2 years to 12 years with falciparum malaria were randomly treated with one
      of the 3 regimens. Group I, quinine 10 mg base per kg body wt. 8 hourly for 7
      days, 21 of 28 cases (75%) were cured, while 6 cases (21%) showed RI and 1 case
      (4%) RII failure. Group II, quinine 10 mg base per kg body wt. 8 hourly for the
      first 4 days then 15 mg base per kg body wt. 8 hourly for the next 3 days, 20 of
      23 cases (87%) were cured, while 3 cases (13%) showed RI failure. Group III,
      quinine 10 mg base per kg body wt. 8 hourly for 7 days and then sulfadoxine 30 mg
      per kg body wt. and pyrimethamine 1.5 mg per kg body wt., 16 of 26 cases (62%)
      were cured and 10 cases (38%) showed RI failure. The cure rates in the 3 groups
      were not statistically different. The three groups had similar serum quinine
      concentration profiles. Treatment with quinine was successful in cases in which
      serum quinine levels could be maintained above MIC for 7 days. There was no
      additional effect of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine on quinine.

PMID- 6362019
TI  - [Medical students in the Tartu (Yuryev) Marxist circle].

PMID- 6362018
TI  - [The central press in the propaganda of medical and health knowledge (1921
      1932)].

PMID- 6362020
TI  - [M. Ia. Mudrov and the problems of medical ethics].

PMID- 6362021
TI  - [Public health in Sebastopol' in the 1st years of Soviet power (1920-1923)].

PMID- 6362022
TI  - [The physician-revolutionary N. A. Alekseev].

PMID- 6362023
TI  - [Iu. A. Mendeleva--an outstanding organizer of Soviet public health (1883-1959)].

PMID- 6362024
TI  - [M. Tsetkin (on the 100th anniversary of his birth)].

PMID- 6362025
TI  - [The Kalinkin Surgical Institute (on the 200th anniversary of its foundation)].

PMID- 6362026
TI  - [Professor A. A. Kiter--Pirogov's first disciple (on the 170th birthday of A. A.
      Kiter)].

PMID- 6362027
TI  - [Valentin Sergeevich Maiat (on his 80th birthday)].

PMID- 6362028
TI  - [Protein-bound insulin in the blood of patients with the insulin-resistant form
      of diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 6362029
TI  - [Surgical approaches to the liver].

PMID- 6362030
TI  - [Herpetic pathology and current methods of treating herpetic lesions].

PMID- 6362031
TI  - [Proteolytic activity and antienzymatic capacity of serum in typhoid fever].

PMID- 6362032
TI  - [Status and developmental perspectives in clinical diabetology].

PMID- 6362034
TI  - [Treatment of resistant hypertension with captopril in children with terminal
      insufficiency of renal function].

PMID- 6362033
TI  - [Molecular diagnosis and study of abnormal hemoglobins in the USSR].

PMID- 6362035
TI  - [Alcoholism as viewed by Dimitri Tucovic].

PMID- 6362036
TI  - [Unwanted side-effects in and following leg/pelvic phlebography. Results of
      controlled studies with ionic and nonionic contrast media].

PMID- 6362037
TI  - Phagocytic killing of Candida albicans by different murine effector cells.
AB  - Three major phagocytic populations in the mouse were tested in vitro for killing
      of Candida albicans by means of 51Cr release assay: early inflammatory peritoneal
      polymorphonuclear cells (PMN), unfractionated or adherent spleen cells and
      resident peritoneal macrophages (PEC). Considerable candidacidal activity was
      found in the early inflammatory neutrophil and adherent spleen cell populations.
      On the contrary, only limited activity was found to be associated with resident
      peritoneal macrophages. The phagocytic killing apparently involved multiple
      mechanisms.

PMID- 6362039
TI  - Introduction of sulfonamide therapy for gonorrhea.

PMID- 6362038
TI  - Influence of econazole and 5-fluorocytosine on the ultrastructure of Aspergillus
      fumigatus and the cytochemical localization of calcium ions as measured by laser
      microprobe mass analysis.
AB  - The ultrastructural changes and the localization of Ca++ ions have been
      investigated in Aspergillus fumigatus after exposure in vitro to econazole (50
      micrograms ml-1) and to 5-fluorocytosine (100 micrograms ml-1) for 24 h. The
      changes obtained with econazole concerned the cell periphery, necrotization of
      mitochondria and hyperactivity of the central vacuole. After cytochemical Ca++
      localization a marked increase in precipitate was observed on mitochondria,
      vacuoles and collapsed membranes, compared to the control. Laser microprobe mass
      analysis confirmed that the measured amount of Ca++ ions corresponded to the
      degree of precipitate formation in the different cellular compartments. After
      exposure to 5-fluorocytosine, abnormal behaviour of the nuclei and internal
      lipidification of the mitochondria and of the cytoplasm were seen. No discernible
      Ca++ activity was present on the cellular structures by cytochemical
      localization. Assay by laser microprobe mass analysis, however, showed a slight
      increase in Ca++ which points to a structural bonding of the Ca++.

PMID- 6362040
TI  - The emergence of a specialty.

PMID- 6362041
TI  - [Anti-platelet antibodies. Study of 2 methods].

PMID- 6362042
TI  - Assignment of gene(s) coding for antigen defined by monoclonal antibody 2B2.
AB  - A mouse monoclonal antibody (2B2) recognizes an antigen which is present on most
      human peripheral blood leukocytes but is absent from most proliferating cells.
      The antibody precipitated two surface-labeled membrane glycopolypeptides with
      molecular weights of 86,000 and 145,000, and it was strongly mitogenic to normal
      human lymphocytes. Somatic cell hybrids have been used for assigning the genes
      coding for these membrane glycoproteins to human chromosome 21. The assignment
      was based on correlation of antigen expression on mouse-human T-lymphocyte
      hybrids with the presence of human chromosomes in the same hybrid clones.

PMID- 6362044
TI  - Distal splenorenal shunt in treatment of bleeding esophageal varices in renal
      transplant recipients.
AB  - We conclude from this study that bleeding esophageal varices may occur as a late
      complication of liver disease associated with chronic renal failure and renal
      transplantation. In two of the three patients reported upon, the liver disease
      was probably determined on the basis of cirrhosis, secondary to chronic, active
      hepatitis from non-A, non-B hepatitis, while the third patient had hepatic
      fibrosis. Such bleeding is best controlled by selective variceal decompression
      with a DSRS. Finally, it is technically feasible to perform a DSRS upon some
      patients following a left nephrectomy, and the renal vein is of adequate caliber
      even in the presence of nonfunctioning kidneys.

PMID- 6362043
TI  - A comparative study of cefamandole versus gentamicin plus clindamycin in the
      treatment of documented or suspected bacterial peritonitis.
AB  - Our data support the premise that antimicrobial therapy for peritonitis must be
      individualized. In the patient with minimal and moderate contamination who is not
      suppressed and who will undergo prompt and correct surgical therapy, then a
      single antimicrobial agent, such as cefamandole or perhaps even a first
      generation cephalosporin, such as cefazolin, will be adequate therapy even in
      instances of polymicrobial peritonitis when anticipated resistant organisms are
      present. In this situation, a single drug will be just as effective and safer
      when compared with the combination of an aminoglycoside and a specific
      antianaerobic agent. On the other hand, in the patient with immunosuppression,
      who is late to come to treatment or who has hospital acquired sepsis with
      probably a large contamination of resistant organisms, either a third generation
      cephalosporin with extended coverage or triple drug therapy, including a broad
      spectrum penicillin, an aminoglycoside and an anaerobic effective agent, should
      be the treatment of choice. Also, for infections with a culture proved
      overwhelming anaerobic flora, an antimicrobial specific for these pathogens
      should be used. The dictum, however, that all instances of peritonitis mandate
      double or triple drug therapy is a clinical impression based upon experimental
      models which do not correctly simulate the clinical situation.

PMID- 6362045
TI  - Reducing the risk of wound infection in operations upon the colon.
AB  - One hundred and forty-seven patients undergoing elective colonic operations
      during a 30 month period were studied. The over-all wound infection rate was 6.8
      per cent. Thirty-seven patients had subcutaneous drains used and, in none, did a
      wound infection develop. The incidence of wound sepsis in the remaining patients
      was 9.1 per cent. Wicks appear to be of benefit in reducing the incidence of
      wound infections in elective colonic operations.

PMID- 6362047
TI  - Malocclusions in a juvenile medieval skull material.
AB  - From a mostly medieval skull material--the "Schreiner collections" in Oslo-
      juvenile crania were selected as follows: Group A: Crania with complete and
      intact primary dentition. n = 20. Group B: Crania with early mixed dentition.
      Incisors only erupted or under eruption. n = 47. Group C: Crania with late mixed
      dentition. n = 14. The author recorded visually: Sagittal and transversal dental
      relation, frontal dental contact, anterior cross-bite, rotation and crowding.
      There was good basal stability. Sagittally 1 moderately postnormal dentition was
      recorded, transversally there were no anomalies. Slight anterior cross-bite was
      recorded in 1 case, anterior cross-bite of one and two lateral incisors
      respectively in 2 others, and tete-a-tete contact in 3 cases. Crowding was
      recorded in 6 cases, in one of them being general, in the others located solely
      in the mandibular incisor segment. Broken contact and more or less pronounced
      rotation occurred in these dentitions. Rotation was also recorded in 2 other
      cases. The prevalence of malocclusions of the type that can be related to
      continuing finger-sucking or sucking of dummylike objects was very low in this
      material. This observation prompted the author to discuss a hypothesis concerning
      the aetiology of dummy- and finger-sucking habits.

PMID- 6362046
TI  - Vagal control of gastrin release in the dog: pathways for stimulation and
      inhibition.
AB  - The vagus has a dual effect on gastrin: it both stimulates and inhibits its
      release. To determine the gastric vagal pathways for these opposing effects,
      plasma gastrin and acid responses to meal (intragastric titration of 15% liver
      extract, pH 5.5) and to insulin (0.5 U regular insulin intravenously) were
      studied in seven dogs in three consecutive stages: a control stage, after antral
      vagotomy (AV), and after subsequent proximal gastric vagotomy (PGV). AV abolished
      the plasma gastrin response to insulin but had no effect on either basal or meal
      stimulated gastrin release. Subsequent PGV caused significant elevation in basal
      plasma gastrin concentration, no further change in the gastrin response to
      insulin, but a significant increase in meal-stimulated gastrin release. AV
      decreased acid response to insulin nonsignificantly and had no effect on meal
      stimulated acid secretion. Subsequent PGV reduced by 90% the acid response to
      insulin, had negligible effect on the gastric fistula acid response to meal, but
      increased Heidenhain pouch response sixfold. These studies show that vagal
      stimulation of gastrin release is mediated along direct antral vagal pathways,
      while vagal inhibition requires intact vagal fibers to the proximal stomach. The
      mechanism by which the fundic vagal pathways exert an inhibitory influence on the
      G cell in the antrum is yet to be elucidated.

PMID- 6362048
TI  - Effect of insertion of osseo-integrated prosthesis on the oral microflora.
AB  - Ten patients undergoing treatment with bridges supported by osseo-integrated oral
      titanium implants were studied regarding the oral microflora. Saliva samples for
      microbiological studies were collected before the abutment operation, 1 week
      after the operation, after the bridges were inserted and again 52 weeks after the
      abutment operation. The implants did not induce colonization with "plaque
      streptococci" such as Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis. A marked
      colonization with potentially pathogenic microorganisms such as Staphylococcus
      aureus, Pseudomonas species and enterobacteria was observed after the abutment
      operation. This was probably due to the use of surgical dressing.

PMID- 6362049
TI  - The use of composites as core material in root-filled teeth. I. In vitro study.
AB  - To study how repeated temperature variations, "thermal stress", will influence
      the cement retention between composite materials--formed as cores--and gold
      crowns, extracted permanent teeth were prepared to core form. Stylized gold
      crowns were waxed up on the dentine preparations and cast, four for each of three
      chosen preparations, which in their turn were used to form cores in gold and
      three different composite materials. The attempt was to achieve four as similar
      test-pieces as possible for each core shape. Two new cements and four zinc
      phosphate cements were used as retaining medium for 48 test series. Four similar
      test-pieces have each time been subject to thermo-cycling during 12 hours in a
      specially designed apparatus. The temperature intervals were 0 degree C, 25
      degrees C and 50 degrees C. Each series has then been loaded into a tensiometer
      and stressed until the cement retention was overcome. The test results showed
      that microfill composite cores were associated with least retention values. For
      the other materials: gold and macrofill composites (two paste system and single
      paste system), no differences were to be seen. The retentive ability for one (a
      zinc phosphate cement, normal- and fast-setting) of five different cements
      differed remarkably: about double the load was required to loosen the core from
      its crown than when any of the other cements was used.

PMID- 6362050
TI  - [New training proposal: self catheterization for children and adolescents with
      spina bifida. Interview by Inger Syrstad].

PMID- 6362051
TI  - [In memoriam Margrethe Kruse].

PMID- 6362052
TI  - [From cathode-tube to computer tomography].

PMID- 6362053
TI  - [Fissure sealants -- a literature review].

PMID- 6362054
TI  - [Clinico-laboratory characteristics of gastroenterocolitic (atypical) dysentery].

PMID- 6362055
TI  - [Contribution of Russian scientists of the 19th century to the establishment and
      development of our understanding of rheumatism].

PMID- 6362057
TI  - Cultures for children with sore throat.

PMID- 6362056
TI  - Cross-bite correction by bonded composite interference.

PMID- 6362058
TI  - The effect of aspirin on the size of the hemostatic plug.
AB  - The prolongation of the bleeding time by aspirin is presumably due to interfering
      with platelet function. Direct quantitative studies evaluating the effects of
      aspirin on the platelet component of the hemostatic plug have not been described.
      We measured blood loss from a standard ear injury in rabbits after treatment with
      either 5 mg or 200 mg/kg of aspirin (ASA) or sodium salicylate (SA), and related
      this observation to the number of platelets incorporated into the hemostatic
      plug. The high dose of aspirin was chosen since this dose inhibits PGI2
      biosynthesis. Both doses of aspirin but not salicylate caused a significant
      increase on blood loss from the treated ear compared to the control (ASA 5 mg/kg,
      0.012 +/- 0.009 ml, (m +/- SE), n = 44, p = 0.03; ASA 200 mg/kg, 0.02 +/- 0.007
      ml, n = 17, p less than 0.05). Both doses of aspirin also caused a significant
      increase in the number of platelets incorporated into the hemostatic plug when
      compared to the SA treated animals (ASA 5 mg/kg, 3.52 +/- 0.34 X 10(6) platelets
      per incision, (m +/- SE), n = 59; SA 5 mg/kg, 1.9 +/- 0.15 X 10(6) platelets per
      incision, n = 54, p less than 0.001; ASA 200 mg/kg, 3.19 +/- 0.54 X 10(6)
      platelets per incision, n = 22; SA 200 mg/kg, 1.5 +/- 0.26 X 10(6) platelets per
      incision, n = 23, p less than 0.001). This study suggests that following aspirin
      administration hemostasis is achieved by the incorporation of a greater number of
      platelets into the platelet plug.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6362059
TI  - Effect of Cyclosporin A on prostacyclin synthesis by vascular tissue.
AB  - NZW rabbits with acute serum sickness given Cyclosporin A (CyA) 25 mg/kg/day
      develop glomerular capillary thrombosis similar to that seem in the haemolytic
      uraemic syndrome (HUS). Bone marrow recipients treated with CyA may also develop
      a similar renal lesion associated with a haemolytic uraemic-like syndrome. In the
      HUS, impaired production of prostacyclin by vascular tissue may be found and has
      been associated with a lack of a plasma factor which stimulates prostacyclin
      synthesis. We therefore examined, in six normal rabbits, treated with CyA 25
      mg/kg for five days, the ability of plasma from treated and untreated rabbits to
      stimulate prostacyclin synthesis from normal rabbit aortic rings. Plasma from
      untreated rabbits produced 21.5 +/- 6.9 ng 6-keto PGF1 alpha/ml/mg wet weight
      aorta (mean +/- SEM). However, the ability of plasma from CyA-treated rabbits to
      stimulate prostacyclin production was profoundly reduced. This was apparent
      within 24 hours of starting and persisted for seven days after therapy was
      stopped: mean of values from all rabbits bled from start of therapy until seven
      days after therapy stopped was 3.7 +/- 0.5 ng/ml/mg. We suggest that the renal
      complications of CyA therapy are related to a failure of normal vascular
      prostacyclin synthesis due to lack of a prostacyclin-stimulating plasma factor.

PMID- 6362060
TI  - Prostacyclin in aortocoronary bypass surgery: a double-blind, placebo-controlled
      study.
AB  - In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 40 patients requiring
      aortocoronary vene transplant surgery, prostacyclin (PGI2) was infused in a dose
      of 8 ng/kg/min throughout cardiopulmonary bypass. When compared with the placebo
      group, the patients treated with PGI2 were found to have significantly higher
      platelet counts 60(2) and 90 minutes after onset of extra-corporeal circulation
      (EC). Although this platelet preservation by PGI2 was accompanied by less
      degranulation of alpha-granula, total antithrombin III (AT III) as well as active
      AT III and factor Xa inhibitory activity did show comparable results in both
      treatment groups. In the early phase of EC coagulation factors (fibrinogen,
      prothrombin and factor VII) exhibited a trend in favour of higher plasma levels
      in the PGI2-treated group. The same results were found for plasminogen. F VIII
      related antigen and complement factors (C3, C4, C3 activator) did not show any
      difference between the two treatment groups. Bleeding times, blood loss and renal
      function also did not exhibit any significant differences between the two groups
      of patients. Except for one control (60 minutes after onset of EC) hemodynamic
      parameters were not significantly different between the two patient groups.
      Whether the trend in favour of a lower mortality in PGI2-treated patients can be
      confirmed, will be up to further studies with greater numbers of patients.

PMID- 6362061
TI  - [Leprosy in Bronnoy district in the 19th century].

PMID- 6362062
TI  - [New therapeutic programs for adult patients with acute leukemia].

PMID- 6362063
TI  - [Treatment of hereditary angioedema with danazol].

PMID- 6362064
TI  - [What's lost after only aerobic incubation of ear, nose, and pharynx tests?].

PMID- 6362065
TI  - [Recent methods in the histologic diagnosis of tumors. I. Immunohistochemistry].

PMID- 6362066
TI  - [Determination of the cell count in sheep's milk].
AB  - A prospective study was done to examine the extent to which the 'regulation
      concerning the method of examining milk using the Coulter counter' was also
      applicable to sheep's milk. This was found to be the case, provided the milk is
      previously mixed with a Vortex mixer for 0.5 minutes. In view of the studies done
      by others, the threshold value was reduced to 4.5 mu. The levels recorded by this
      method were readily reproducible. Any statement regarding the relationship
      between the cell counts recorded and the cells actually present in the milk
      cannot be based on these studies.

PMID- 6362067
TI  - [Veterinary medicine--the art of veterinary practice].
AB  - Veterinary surgery as a precursor of veterinary medicine must have had its
      origins as early as the prehistory of the Mesolithic. A nascent emotional life
      resulted in the differentiation of pastoral cultures from the hunters of former
      times. Curing and healing, also of animals, has become a science today, which is
      practised professionally and is based on professional knowledge. The marked
      development of veterinary medicine as a multidisciplinary science involves the
      risk of the patient's entity being reduced to mere physical problems. Bernard E.
      Rollin writes about his concern at this reduction in a paper which appeared in J.
      Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., Vol. 182, No. 2. He arrives at far-reaching conclusions, at
      any rate where the U.S.A. is concerned. Although the risks of some degree of
      reduction and a mechanistic approach are not entirely imaginary in the
      Netherlands, his conclusions cannot be completely accepted by the present author.
      The paper by fellow veterinarian F. J. van Sluys (in: Tijdschr. Diergeneeskd.
      1983; 108: 520-5) presents a view of systems of patient administration on various
      lines. However, any endeavour to attain efficient brevity in this administration
      may bring the risk of some form of reduction nearer. This could be avoided in Van
      Sluys's system by previously printed basic forms in which all aspects of
      veterinary acts to be discussed in the following are taken into account.

PMID- 6362068
TI  - [From materia medica to rational pharmacotherapy].
AB  - An introductory part concerned with historical developments in the fields of
      veterinary pharmacotherapy, pharmacology and toxicology is followed by a
      discussion of a number of aspects of the enforcement of the draft bill of the
      Veterinary Drugs Act. Among other things, attention is paid to the veterinary use
      of drugs registered for use by human individuals (supplementary registration),
      the position of particular species of animal (supplementary registration),
      pesticides effective against ectoparasites, non-allopathic drugs and criteria to
      be adopted in channelling. Improving education on veterinary drugs and their use
      is advocated. More and better instruction on pharmacotherapy during the second
      stage of vocational training than that provided for currently would appear to be
      urgently required. This also holds good for post-graduate education which should
      possibly be made compulsory.

PMID- 6362069
TI  - [Therapia antiqua].

PMID- 6362070
TI  - Improved detection of HLA-Cw5 and Cw7 by two colour fluorescence technique.
AB  - Reactivity of two Cw5 and three Cw7 antisera was compared in the standard NIH and
      the Two Colour Fluorescence (TCF) techniques. Contrary to the NIH, the TCF method
      yielded strong positive reactions which enabled clear assignment of the Cw5 and
      Cw7 specificities. The TCF technique combines three factors that increase the
      sensitivity of serum reactions: 1. typing on B lymphocytes, 2. prolonged
      incubation and 3. staining of the lysed cells with ethidium bromide.

PMID- 6362071
TI  - HLA antigens in rubella seronegative young adults.
AB  - HLA antigen frequencies, including those of five HLA-D specificities, were
      studied in 91 rubella seronegative subjects who were found in screening programs
      for rubella vaccination. No significant differences in antigen frequencies
      between rubella seronegative subjects and the reference population could be
      found.

PMID- 6362072
TI  - [Diabetes mellitus in the bitch. 2. Therapy].

PMID- 6362073
TI  - Nitrofen: a review and perspective.
AB  - With the exception of occasional reports of skin irritation, 20 years of
      commercial nitrofen use has not produced indications of toxicity in man. In
      mature non-pregnant laboratory animals nitrofen is only slightly toxic after
      acute oral, dermal, or respiratory exposures, and it is not a sensitizer.
      However, absorption through skin occurs rapidly from solvent-based formulations.
      Chronic administration in the diet at doses of 20 mg/kg body wt/day and higher
      produced liver toxicity in mice, rats, and dogs with liver tumors developing in
      mice at dose levels at 470 mg/kg/day. In addition to liver tumors in mice, the
      National Cancer Institute's Carcinogen Bioassay Program also found a dose-related
      incidence of pancreatic tumors in females of 1 of 2 strains of rat after lifetime
      feeding at levels at and above 65 mg/kg/day. Single and repeated doses given
      during pregnancy to rats and mice produce neonatal lethality accompanied by signs
      of impaired breathing, diaphragmatic hernias, heart anomalies, hydronephrosis,
      and apparent eye anomalies which are due to effects on the Harderian gland. These
      anomalies were produced by both oral and dermal doses, but did not occur in the
      rabbit or when dosing was restricted to the male parent only. Neonatal deaths
      appear after repeated maternal doses of 3 mg/kg/day and higher; the overall no
      observed effect level for effects in the offspring was 0.17 mg/kg/day. Based on a
      10(-6) level of tumorigenic risk the acceptable average daily intake for man is 1
      microgram/kg/day; pregnant women should not be exposed to more than 1.7
      micrograms/kg in any single 24-h period.

PMID- 6362074
TI  - Cytotonic enterotoxins and cytotoxic factors produced by Salmonella enteritidis
      and Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - Strains of Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium isolated from human
      diarrheal cases produced heat-labile enterotoxin(s) and cytotoxic factor(s) which
      elongated, lysed or deformed Chinese hamster ovary cells in tissue culture. The
      toxin(s) caused fluid accumulation in ligated rabbit gut loops and produced
      increased skin permeability. Salmonella toxin produced by these strains does not
      cross-react immunologically with high titer Vibrio cholerae toxin antisera or
      heat-labile Escherichia coli enterotoxin antisera used in this study and does not
      bind to galactose--Sepharose gel. The activity of the toxin was not inhibited by
      GM1-ganglioside.

PMID- 6362075
TI  - A rapid enzyme-immunoassay for the detection of ciguatoxin in contaminated fish
      tissues.
AB  - An enzyme-immunoassay procedure for the detection of ciguatoxin has been
      developed using the sheep anti-ciguatoxin serum described earlier in the
      radioimmunoassay method for ciguatoxin. In the enzyme-immunoassay procedure, the
      sheep anti-ciguatoxin was coupled to horseradish peroxidase. Analyses of fish
      tissues showed that the enzyme-immunoassay procedure distinguished between
      clinically documented toxic and nontoxic tissues (P less than 0.001). Comparisons
      of the enzyme-immunoassay method with the radioimmunoassay for ciguatoxin and
      with a mouse bioassay demonstrated significant associations (P less than 0.001
      and P less than 0.01, respectively). Preliminary studies showed that purified
      ciguatoxin inhibited the binding of sheep anti-ciguatoxin horseradish peroxidase
      to toxic fish tissues. Results suggest that the enzyme-immunoassay procedure may
      be valuable for routine direct assessment of ciguatoxin in fish tissues because
      of its practicality, sensitivity and specificity.

PMID- 6362076
TI  - The mutagenic and cell transforming properties of shikimic acid and some of its
      bacterial and mammalian metabolites.
AB  - Known and proposed metabolites of shikimic acid were synthesised, characterised
      and tested for genotoxic activity using the Salmonella/mammalian microsome
      mutagenicity test, the bacterial fluctuation mutagenicity test and the BHK 21
      cell transformation test. Under the conditions used, none of these compounds
      showed any activity. However, shikimic acid itself was active in the BHK 21 cell
      transformation assay. It therefore seems unlikely that shikimic acid is a
      carcinogenic initiating agent, but it may act as a carcinogen-promoting agent in
      the bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum).

PMID- 6362077
TI  - Effects of waste incineration combustion emissions measured by some toxicity test
      systems.
AB  - The toxicity of combustion emissions from a municipal incineration plant was
      tested in a series of rapid test methods. The series included tests concerning
      cellular energy metabolism, cellular detoxification and mutagenicity. In the most
      sensitive test systems, brown adipocytes and mitochondria, an effect was observed
      at an emission extract concentration corresponding to 0.02 m3 of exhaust. The
      results indicate an influence on the mitochondrial level as well as the
      premitochondrial level. In Ames' test concentrations corresponding to up to 0.3
      m3 exhaust did not increase the number of revertants, although the chemical
      analysis of the emission indicates that the combustion emission contains
      mutagenic substances.

PMID- 6362079
TI  - Microangiography of end-stage kidneys in relation to high renin hypertension.
AB  - Microangiography of end-stage kidneys in relation to high renin hypertension. 15
      patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and maintained on chronic
      hemodialysis were studied with respect to hypertension, the plasma renin activity
      (PRA) and microangiography of endstage kidneys which were removed for various
      reasons. The microangiographic patterns were classified into three according to
      characteristic findings: The first one was characterized by gross dilatation of
      interlobular arteries and afferent arterioles with poor opacification of efferent
      and peritubular vessels. This pattern was designated as type 1 (Fig. 1, 2.)
      Another pattern had total irregularity of renal vascular architectures and
      differentiation of cortical arteries were impossible. This was classified as type
      2 (Fig. 3, 4.) The third one which was grouped as type 3 was characterized by
      good and fine vascularity of cortical vessels without evidence of obstruction
      (Fig. 5, 6.) These findings were confirmed by histological studies. All 5
      patients with uncontrollable hypertension had type 3 kidneys. Their PRA were
      abnormally high, but normalized after bilateral nephrectomy. It was suggested
      that intractable hypertension in patients with ESRD may be an evidence of
      relatively well preserved cortical circulation despite of extensive parenchymal
      destruction as seen in type 3 kidneys, in which intensive hemodialysis and
      ultrafiltration will result in volume depletion, decrease in renal perfusion
      pressure and excessive renin secretion from the remaining nephrons.

PMID- 6362078
TI  - Comparative study of the effect of ochratoxin A analogues on yeast aminoacyl-tRNA
      synthetases and on the growth and protein synthesis of hepatoma cells.
AB  - Ochratoxin A (OTA), a naturally occurring mycotoxin of Aspergillus and
      Penicillium species, consists of a 5' chlorinated dihydromethyl isocoumarin
      linked to L,beta-phenylalanine by an alpha-amide bond. 8 analogues of OTA were
      prepared in which the phenylalanine was always substituted by another amino acid.
      The effects of these analogues on yeast tRNA amino acylation reaction and on
      growth and protein synthesis of hepatoma culture cells were compared with those
      of OTA. In addition, Ochratoxin B (OTB) and ochratoxin alpha (OT alpha) were
      examined. All the analogues of OTA had inhibitory effects in the 3 test systems,
      although to a lesser degree than OTA. The degree of inhibition depended on the
      kind of substituted amino acid, the tyrosine, valine, serine and alanine
      analogues being most effective, in contrast to the proline analogue. OTB and OT
      alpha were ineffective.

PMID- 6362080
TI  - The construction of a custom-made denture for a child with hypodontia.

PMID- 6362081
TI  - Optimized transection: a prelude to oriented sectioning.
AB  - A technique is described which permits blocks of tissue to be flat-embedded in
      euhedral plastic castings and then to be transected along a plane so that
      sections may be cut which are optimally oriented to the internal ultrastructure
      of the block. In the transection procedure a hollow plastic cylinder is placed on
      the specimen trimming block. The cylinder's top prescribes a plane to which the
      tissue block is accurately oriented and clamped at a predetermined level. Two
      hand files and a burnisher are worked across the cylinder's top to 1) remove
      extraneous material above the plane of transection, 2) expose the tissue for
      sectioning and 3) smooth the block face. The clear plastic at the periphery of
      the exposed tissue is then easily trimmed away with a razor blade. The result is
      a block face with a flat, reflective surface which may be quickly aligned to the
      knife on the ultramicrotome. The effort needed to transect, align and face the
      block is minimal and 1-micron or semithin sections produced will be precisely
      parallel to, and at, the plane of transection. Dust produced by the transection
      procedure is easily eliminated from the work area by use of a small disposable
      vacuum cleaner. The technique of producing optimally oriented light microscope
      sections, using the transector, is enhanced by application of solvents to the
      block face which cause it to develop a temporary low relief, exactly matching the
      structural detail of sections cut from the block face.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6362082
TI  - Improved visualization of cell nuclei in unstained cultured cells.

PMID- 6362083
TI  - [Preparation of human colostral globulins in the combined therapy of acute
      herpetic stomatitis in children].

PMID- 6362084
TI  - [Orthopedic treatment of patients after osteoplasty of the mandible].

PMID- 6362085
TI  - [Tea as a source of fluorides in the prevention of dental caries in children].

PMID- 6362086
TI  - [Contribution of Prof. V. Iu. Kurliandskii to the development of the scientific
      problems of orthodontics (on the 75th anniversary of his birth)].

PMID- 6362087
TI  - Development of a direct enzyme immunoassay of milk progesterone and its
      application to pregnancy diagnosis in cows.
AB  - The purposes of this study were to develop an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for
      determination of progesterone in unextracted whole milk and to apply it to
      pregnancy diagnosis. Paper fibers covalently coupled to antibody specifically and
      competitively bound 3H-progesterone and 11 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone
      hemisuccinate-horseradish peroxidase and were stable for 9 mo at -20 degrees C.
      The sensitivity, recovery, precision, and cross reactivity of the EIA and a
      radioimmunoassay (RIA) of milk progesterone were evaluated, and showed that this
      EIA was comparable to the RIA. Milk samples were collected once daily for one
      estrous cycle from ten lactating Holstein cows and the progesterone levels were
      determined by RIA. Milk progesterone in 70 samples measured by EIA were highly
      correlated (r = 0.90) with the values of RIA for the same samples. Milk samples
      for pregnancy diagnosis by EIA of milk progesterone were obtained daily from days
      20 to 24 after 115 artificial inseminations of 85 lactating Holstein cows.
      Pregnancy diagnosis by EIA was confirmed by rectal palpation at 30 to 60 days
      after insemination or return to estrus. The accuracy based on single, two, three,
      four, and five consecutive samples was from 67.2 to 80.0%, 77.3 to 84.0%, 79.2 to
      87.5%, 82.0 to 85.4%, and 85.4%, respectively, for pregnancy diagnosis; and from
      95.0 to 98.3% for nonpregnancy.

PMID- 6362088
TI  - Identification of 6 alpha- and 7 alpha-hydroxyestrone as major metabolites of
      estrone and estradiol in porcine uterus.
AB  - Polar metabolites extracted from the effluents of viable porcine uterine strips
      superfused with either 6,7-3H-estrone or 6,7-3H-estradiol were identified as a
      1:1 mixture of 6 alpha-hydroxyestrone and 7 alpha-hydroxyestrone by paper
      chromatography in various systems, derivatization and crystallizations to a
      constant specific activity. The hydroxylated compounds are the only derivatives
      detected after estrone superfusion. The major metabolite of estradiol released in
      short-time experiments is estrone followed by its 6 alpha- and 7 alpha
      hydroxylated derivatives.

PMID- 6362089
TI  - Flow thresholds of functional and morphological damage of brain tissue.

PMID- 6362090
TI  - Cerebral artery mass in the rabbit is reduced by chronic sympathetic denervation.
AB  - Weights of matching right and left middle or posterior cerebral arteries and
      their main branches from the same animal were compared 8-10 weeks after
      unilateral denervation by superior cervical ganglionectomy. When compared in
      pairs, the denervated arterial systems weighed significantly less (mean 85%) than
      their innervated counterparts. This suggests that the sympathetic innervation
      exerts a trophic influence on extracerebral arteries.

PMID- 6362091
TI  - Immediate anticoagulation of embolic stroke: a randomized trial. Cerebral
      Embolism Study Group.
AB  - A randomized trial of immediate versus delayed anticoagulation of patients with
      cardiogenic embolic brain infarction was carried out in a multi-centered study.
      Patients who were within 48 hours of onset of deficit and who had no evidence of
      hemorrhage on computed tomography (CT) were randomized to receive either
      immediate heparinization or no anticoagulants for the initial 14 days following
      stroke. There were 63 patients with embolic stroke identified during the study
      period. Eighteen patients were not randomized because of specific exclusion
      criteria or delayed identification more than 48 hours after stroke. Of 45
      patients who were randomized, 44 patients (98%) completed the initial week of the
      protocol: 24 were immediately heparinized at an average of 32 hours after stroke,
      21 received no immediate anticoagulation. Two patients developed delayed
      hemorrhagic infarction and two patients experienced early recurrent embolism, all
      among the nonanticoagulated group. Of all patients with embolic stroke who were
      not receiving coumadin at onset of stroke, only two of 56 (4%) had hemorrhagic
      infarction on initial CT. Follow-up CT in 40 of these patients showed late
      developing hemorrhagic infarction in two additional patients (5%). All four
      hemorrhagic infarctions occurred in 18 non-anticoagulated patients with large
      infarcts. There were no major complications associated with immediate
      heparinization of 24 unselected patients with all sizes of embolic infarction. A
      trend toward reduction of early recurrent embolism was apparent. These data
      support immediate anticoagulation of nonhypertensive patients with embolic brain
      infarction who have no evidence of hemorrhage on CT performed 24-48 hours after
      stroke.

PMID- 6362092
TI  - No effect of prostacyclin on blood flow, regulation of blood flow and blood
      coagulation following global cerebral ischemia.
AB  - In normothermic cats under light barbiturate anesthesia, cerebral blood flow was
      arrested for one hour by intrathoracal occlusion of the innominate, the left
      subclavian, and both mammary arteries. Recirculation of the brain after ischemia
      resulted in reactive hyperemia, followed by a decrease of blood flow to about 70%
      of control (post-ischemic hypoperfusion). During postischemic hypoperfusion, CO2
      reactivity was completely abolished. Intravenous infusion of prostacyclin 2 hours
      after ischemia (1.8 micrograms/kg/min) decreased systemic arterial blood pressure
      and reduced platelet aggregability but did not improve cerebral blood flow, did
      not restore CO2-reactivity, and did not influence postischemic changes of blood
      coagulation. It is concluded that prostacyclin deficiency is not or not the only
      reason for the development of post-ischemic hypoperfusion and the associated
      disturbance of flow regulation.

PMID- 6362093
TI  - Angiographic findings in a young man with recurrent stroke and positive
      fluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA).
AB  - A young man with a history of two strokes was found to have serologic evidence of
      a prior syphilitic infection, abnormal spinal fluid, and angiographic evidence of
      diffuse intracranial and extracranial angiopathy which we believe was due to
      tertiary syphilis, although his use of oral amphetamines cannot be ruled out as a
      contributing factor. This is the first reported case in which angiography has
      demonstrated both intracranial and extracranial disease arterial disease due to
      neurosyphilis. Since syphilis can produce diffuse cerebral arterial changes, this
      diagnosis should be considered in young patients with stroke even when non
      treponemal serologic tests are negative.

PMID- 6362094
TI  - The pathogenesis of strokes from internal carotid artery occlusion. Diagnostic
      and therapeutical implications.
AB  - In order to relate clinical, angiologic and brain-morphological findings, 107
      patients with internal carotid artery occlusion were examined clinically and by
      Doppler sonography, computerized tomography and cerebral angiography. During
      computerized tomography, haemodynamically induced infarctions could be
      differentiated from those, caused by periocclusive embolism towards the major
      brain arteries. This differentiation was based on an integration of angiological
      as well as brain-morphological data and implicates some important diagnostic,
      therapeutic and prognostic consequences. The first group may benefit from
      immediate surgical restoration of carotid blood flow and have a relatively good
      prognosis. By contrast, subjects presenting territorial infarctions mostly
      experience severe and permanent neurological deficits. They should not undergo
      revascularization since endarterectomy increases the risk of cerebral hemorrhage
      but cannot cause clinical improvement. In five patients, following special
      angiographic techniques, the lesions of the internal carotid artery turned out to
      be pseudoocclusions. This condition threatens the patient considerably but is
      well accessible to surgical reconstruction. Thus, pseudooclusion seems to be one
      of the most convincing indication for emergency endarterectomy of the internal
      carotid artery.

PMID- 6362095
TI  - Role of tissue lactate and substrate availability in 1,3-butanediol-enhanced
      hypoxic survival in the mouse.
AB  - Previously we found that 1,3-butanediol-treated mice live longer during hypoxia.
      We hypothesized that 1,3-butanediol could reduce the brain's accumulation of
      potentially cytotoxic lactate and/or elevate brain substrate availability
      (ketones or glucose) and thus maintain the brain's energy producing capability
      even during reduced oxygen availability. To test these hypotheses, whole brain
      metabolites from normoxic and hypoxic mice, pretreated with 1,3-butanediol or
      insulin, were compared to saline controls. During hypoxia both pretreated groups
      had lower brain lactate than controls. If lactate accumulation was the sole
      factor responsible for hypoxic tolerance, insulin should have increased brain
      lactate since insulin has been shown previously to reduce hypoxic tolerance. In
      normoxic mice the ratio of lactate to pyruvate and the level of malate and
      fumarate were not changed by 1,3-butanediol as is found with other agents known
      to protect the hypoxic animal. When substrate availability was directly elevated
      by beta-hydroxybutyrate and glucose administration hypoxic survival time
      increased thus implicating substrate availability as an important factor in
      hypoxic tolerance. We conclude that reduced brain lactate and augmented substrate
      availability both contribute to 1,3-butanediol-enhanced hypoxic tolerance in this
      animal model.

PMID- 6362096
TI  - [Proper formation of the edges and surface of the lower complete denture -
      significant contribution to its stabilization].

PMID- 6362097
TI  - [Prosthetic solution to the median diastema - observations in practice].

PMID- 6362098
TI  - Observed differences in gentamicin pharmacokinetic parameters and dosage
      recommendations determined by fluorescent polarization immunoassay and
      radioimmunoassay methods.
AB  - Radioimmunoassay (RIA) and fluorescent polarization immunoassay (FPI) methods for
      quantitative gentamicin serum concentration assay have been shown to be
      comparable. The purpose of this study was to determine if serum concentration
      time data from the same patients assayed by RIA and FPI would provide the same
      estimates for half-life, elimination rate constant, distribution volume, drug
      clearance, and gentamicin dose. A total of 99 pre-and postinfusion serum samples
      were obtained from 30 patients. Samples were divided and assayed by RIA or FPI,
      and the resultant serum concentration-time data were fitted to a standard one
      compartment model. The correlation between the two assay methods was 0.99 (p less
      than 0.005). A mean difference of 10% was seen in distribution volume, gentamicin
      clearance, and gentamicin dose from quantitative data from the two methods. These
      differences were significant (p less than 0.01). Although the two methods appear
      to be interchangeable, based on in vitro comparison, differences in calculated
      pharmacokinetic parameters resulted in significant differences in dose
      recommendations.

PMID- 6362099
TI  - Comparison of assay methods used to measure antiepileptic drugs in plasma.
AB  - The various techniques used to measure the concentration of antiepileptic drugs
      in plasma have been compared using data from the HEATH-CONTROL external quality
      control scheme. Assay methods were categorized as gas-liquid chromatography with
      and without derivatization (GLC + D, GLC-ND), radio- and enzyme multiplied
      immunoassay (RIA, EMIT), thin-layer and high-pressure liquid chromatography (TLC,
      HPLC), and spectrophotometry and colourimetry. The accuracy of the methods was
      determined from differences of measurements from the levels of drugs spiked into
      the samples. Most methods significantly underestimated the spiked drug
      concentrations. Comparisons of assay precision were made with the standard
      deviation of measurements or from the performance of individual laboratories in a
      ranking procedure. Comparable significant differences were found in both
      analyses. RIA followed by GLC-ND were the least variable methods for phenytoin;
      EMIT and then GLC-ND were the best for both phenobarbitone and primidone.
      Spectrophotometric measurements of phenobarbitone were unacceptably variable. TLC
      and colourimetry performed well for carbamazepine, whereas the GLC methods were
      the most variable. HPLC topped the list for ethosuximide, whereas EMIT had
      difficulty with this drug. Methods used for valproic acid were similar in
      precision. GLC + D was consistently less effective for all drugs when compared
      with GLC-ND.

PMID- 6362100
TI  - Pentobarbital quantitation using EMIT serum barbiturate assay reagents:
      application to monitoring of high-dose pentobarbital therapy.
AB  - Pentobarbital serum concentrations associated with a high-dose therapeutic
      regimen were determined using EMIT immunoassay reagents. Replicate analyses of
      serum controls resulted in a within-assay coefficient of variation of 5.0% and a
      between-assay coefficient of variation of 10%. Regression analysis of 44 serum
      samples analyzed by this technique (y) and a reference procedure (x) were y =
      0.98x + 3.6 (r = 0.98; x = ultraviolet spectroscopy) and y = 1.04x + 2.4 (r =
      0.96; x = high-performance liquid chromatography). Clinical evaluation of the
      results indicates the immunoassay is sufficiently sensitive and selective for
      pentobarbital to allow accurate quantitation within the therapeutic range
      associated with high-dose therapy.

PMID- 6362101
TI  - Reactivity of EMIT serum barbiturate assay reagents: potential application for
      the quantitation of selected barbiturates.
AB  - The reactivity of EMIT serum barbiturate assay reagents toward barbiturate test
      compounds was investigated. Reactivity was determined by the C5 substituents on
      the barbiturate ring and O/S substitution (barbituric/thiobarbituric acid
      derivatives). Reagents were more reactive toward a 5,5-substituted barbiturate
      than toward its hydroxylated analogue. EMIT reactivity could be linearized vs.
      concentration of test compound, allowing for quantitative analysis in serum or
      plasma.

PMID- 6362102
TI  - Measurement of serum theophylline concentrations using a modified Ames TDA
      system.
AB  - Results are presented which show that the Ames TDA Theophylline kit provides an
      accurate and reliable method of measuring the concentration of theophylline in
      plasma. It may be used with a shortened incubation time (5 min) without loss of
      accuracy, and a single calibration curve can be used over a 3-week period. There
      is an acceptable precision at all assayed levels (coefficient of variation, 3.3%)
      and results obtained for patients' samples correlate well with those obtained
      using liquid chromatography (y = 0.02 + 1.06x, r = 0.99) and enzyme immunoassay
      (y = 0.58 + 1.03x, r = 0.99).

PMID- 6362103
TI  - Application of substrate-labelled fluorescent immunoassay to the measurement of
      anticonvulsant and antiasthmatic drug levels in plasma and serum.
AB  - The use of the Ames homogeneous Substrate-Labelled Fluorescent Immunoassay is
      described here. It performed easily and accurately across the therapeutic and low
      toxic ranges with the drugs phenytoin, phenobarbital, primidone, carbamazepine,
      and theophylline, and also at high toxic levels subsequent to prior sample
      dilution. The assay performed well in comparison to the standard assays of gas
      liquid chromatography, radioimmunoassay, and enzyme immunoassay, and showed no
      problems with lipaemic, icteric, or, particularly, uraemic specimens.

PMID- 6362105
TI  - The in vivo effect of thymic factor (thymostimulin) administration in Hodgkin's
      disease patients. Correlation of skin reactivity and leukocyte migration
      inhibition factor in the sera of anergic subjects.
AB  - The correlation between leukocyte migration-inhibition and delayed skin
      hypersensitivity was studied in the sera of 15 anergic untreated Hodgkin's
      disease patients before and after administration of thymostimulin. Skin tests,
      negative in all patients before treatment, turned positive in 9 after
      thymostimulin. Prior to treatment, 10 patients had normal and 5 enhanced
      migration; none was leukocyte migration-inhibition factor (LIF) positive (mean
      1.14 +/- 0.30). Seven of the 9 patients (77.9%) whose skin tests became positive,
      3 of whom had an initially enhanced migration, were LIF positive after
      thymostimulin. LIF closely paralleled skin hypersensitivity both before and after
      thymostimulin. It is suggested that thymostimulin evokes the differentiation of a
      lymphocyte subpopulation(s) responsible for both factors investigated.

PMID- 6362104
TI  - Thymocyte subpopulations: an experimental review, including flow cytometric cross
      correlations between the major murine thymocyte markers.
AB  - Many markers have been used to define thymocyte subpopulations. The literature
      gives discordant values on their relative proportions, and suggests that many
      thymocytes must have phenotypes intermediate between those of the dominant
      subsets. To clarify these issues, a reassessment of murine thymus subpopulations
      has been made, using internally consistent, quantitative correlations of most of
      the established markers. Peanut agglutinin (PNA) receptor, Thy 1, H-2, TL, Ly 1
      and Ly 2, have been examined and correlated with each other, and with cell size,
      physical parameters, cortisone sensitivity and anatomical location. The analysis
      utilised mainly monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry but also included
      differential complement-mediated cytotoxicity. The results show that there are
      two clearly defined major subpopulations, medullary cells (15% of the total) and
      cortical cells (85% of the total). These are most clearly distinguished by the
      combined use of PNA and Thy 1 markers, medullary cells (like peripheral T cells)
      being low for both, cortical cells being high for both. Cortisone-resistant cells
      represent about 25% of all medullary cells, which indicates that most medullary
      cells, as well as all cortical cells, are cortisone sensitive. Amongst the non
      dividing thymocytes there are few cells that can be considered of intermediate
      phenotype when a multiparameter approach is used. The situation for the dividing
      blast cells is more complex, with some displaying apparent 'intermediate' marker
      combinations. However, three major subdivisions of blasts stand out, namely
      medullary blasts, cortical Ly 1+2+ blasts and cortical Ly 1-2- blasts. The
      cortical population in general contains only Ly 1+2+ and Ly 1-2- cells, but no
      (or few) Ly 1+2- cells. In contrast, the medullary population contains both Ly
      1+2- and Ly 1+2+ cells, in similar proportions to peripheral T cells. An
      important conclusion of the study is that although no single marker can give an
      adequate definition and clean separation of subpopulations, quantitative
      multiparameter analysis can achieve these objectives.

PMID- 6362106
TI  - Disk therapy without surgery.

PMID- 6362107
TI  - Technique for chemonucleolysis.

PMID- 6362108
TI  - Acyclovir therapy in herpes zoster infection. A practical guide.
AB  - The effect of acyclovir on the skin rash and herpes zoster keratouveitis has been
      studied. It has been shown to have a significant effect on both disease
      processes, and to be superior to topical steroids in the treatment of herpes
      zoster keratouveitis. Steroids have been found to have an adverse effect with
      prolonged treatment and frequent recurrences.

PMID- 6362109
TI  - Current options in the management of choroidal melanoma.

PMID- 6362110
TI  - Earlier trabeculectomy.
AB  - This is a preliminary report of a collaborative, prospective, randomised trial of
      management of primary open angle glaucoma where conventional management using
      medical therapy followed by trabeculectomy only in unsuccessful cases (Group A)
      was compared with trabeculectomy as the primary form of treatment supplemented
      where necessary by medical therapy (Group B). Using one eye of each patient 40
      eyes were available at one year and 14 eyes at two years after entry to the
      trial. The two groups were comparable for age, sex, intraocular pressure before
      treatment, visual acuity, visual fields and other features. Seven of the 22 eyes
      in Group A (31 per cent) had required operation in the first year and two of the
      18 eyes in Group B (11 per cent) had required supplementary medical therapy in
      the same period. Trabeculectomy was more effective in lowering intraocular
      pressure than medical treatment. No statistically significant differences in
      visual function or disc appearances are yet detectable but there is a trend in
      favour of trabeculectomy as a primary procedure (Group B).

PMID- 6362112
TI  - The regulation of haemopoietic stem cells, progenitor cells and macrophage
      development.

PMID- 6362111
TI  - Epiretinal membranes in vitro.
AB  - Monolayers of cells were grown from epiretinal membranes using standard tissue
      culture techniques. The growing cells were filmed by time-lapse
      cinephotomicrography to record their locomotory characteristics and cell-to-cell
      interactions. The established layers of cells were examined in the scanning
      electron microscope. In addition, the cultured cells were studied
      immunohistochemically to identify specific cell types and the distribution of
      contractile elements (e.g. actin). The locomotory patterns, the topography and
      the immunohistochemistry of cells from epiretinal membranes were compared to the
      movement, appearance and staining characteristics of a wide range of normal cells
      in culture. From the growth characteristics in tissue culture, early membranes
      appeared more hypercellular than longer standing membranes. Cell outgrowth was
      established more quickly and was more widespread in the young epiretinal
      membranes than in older, more fibrous, specimens. The locomotory and
      immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that a wide variety of cell types may
      contribute to epiretinal membranes. A remarkably wide range of cell forms were
      observed in cultures of individual membranes. Epithelial and glial cells were
      found in many of the monolayers. However, they did not constitute the majority of
      cells in the cultures. The predominating cell types had the morphological and
      locomotory characteristics of fibroblasts or macrophages.

PMID- 6362114
TI  - Current views on the ontogeny of macrophages and the humoral regulation of
      monocytopoiesis.
AB  - Macrophages do not constitute a stable population but are constantly renewed by
      an influx of monocytes and by local division of immature mononuclear phagocytes
      that have also recently arrived in the tissues. The calculated mean turn-over
      time of tissue macrophages lies between four and six days. During an inflammatory
      response the production of monocytes in the bone marrow is increased. This
      process is regulated by a humoral factor, FIM, which is formed and secreted by
      tissue macrophages. The response of monocyte precursors to FIM is under genetic
      control.

PMID- 6362113
TI  - Macrophage plasma membrane and activation.

PMID- 6362115
TI  - Mechanisms of macrophage antimicrobial activity.

PMID- 6362116
TI  - Macrophages as effector cells in helminth infections.

PMID- 6362117
TI  - The macrophage and parasitic protozoa.

PMID- 6362118
TI  - The macrophage and mycobacterial infections.

PMID- 6362119
TI  - A quick method of demonstrating bacillaemia in patients with lepromatous leprosy
      and ultrastructural studies of the circulating acid-fast bacilli.
AB  - While studying circulating immune complexes (CIC) in the sera of lepromatous
      patients by the polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation technique, we found (by
      light microscopy) abundant acid-fast bacilli (AFB), morphologically similar to
      those seen in slit skin smear preparations from these patients, precipitated with
      the PEG precipitated materials. Both solid and non-solid AFB could be readily
      identified. Ultrastructures of these AFB in the PEG aggregates showed some
      similarity with those detected in the PEG precipitates prepared from armadillo
      derived lepromin under identical conditions. The most striking difference between
      the AFB in the test sera and that in the armadillo-derived lepromin was the
      absence of any transverse band in the former. This suggested that the AFB in the
      patients' circulation were not in division stage. Furthermore, electron-dense
      material were deposited on the AFB co-precipitated from the patients' sera, which
      were not found on the AFB co-precipitated from the armadillo-derived lepromin.

PMID- 6362120
TI  - T-cell responsiveness in severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria.

PMID- 6362121
TI  - The influence of riboflavin deficiency on Plasmodium berghei infection in rats.
AB  - Two experiments were done in which rats in various stages of riboflavin
      deficiency were infected with Plasmodium berghei. Various control groups were
      included to compare the influence of food restriction on the P. berghei infection
      with that of riboflavin deficiency, namely, pair-fed (PF), weight-matched (WM)
      and ad libitum-fed (C-AL) control groups. Riboflavin deficiency depressed maximum
      parasite counts by comparison with all control groups and the degree of
      depression was inversely related to the riboflavin status. Survival of animals
      with P. berghei infection was approximately 10 to 14 days and was not
      significantly influenced by any of the dietary regimens. Two possible mechanisms
      by which riboflavin deficiency might influence the growth and multiplication of
      P. berghei are discussed, namely, a depression of reticulocytosis and an effect
      on the synthesis of reduced glutathione in the parasite or red blood cell.

PMID- 6362122
TI  - The Kenyan Saradidi community malaria project: I. Response of Plasmodium
      falciparum isolates to chloroquine in 1981 and 1982.
AB  - In 1981, 41 schoolchildren from Saradidi, Kenya, infected with Plasmodium
      falciparum were treated with chloroquine. All 41 infections were sensitive in
      vivo: parasitaemia cleared by day 3 and remained absent through day 7. All 17 (of
      27) isolates successfully tested for chloroquine sensitivity in vitro were
      sensitive in the Rieckmann macro test: greater than 1% schizont development did
      not occur at chloroquine concentrations of greater than 1.25 nmol per ml of
      blood. In 1982 in the same area 20 P. falciparum infections were sensitive in
      vivo: parasitaemia cleared by day 5 and did not recur through day 7. Two of the
      20 isolates were resistant in vitro with persistent schizont development at
      greater than 1% of control values at chloroquine concentrations of 1.5 and 3.0
      nmol/ml in the macro test and 16 and 32 pmol/well in the Rieckmann micro test
      (compared with inhibition at less than or equal to 1.25 nmol/ml and less than or
      equal to 5.7 pmol/well, respectively, for sensitive isolates). In a modified 48
      hour test, growth of two additional isolates was not inhibited until chloroquine
      concentration of 0.06 nmol per ml of medium, a pattern intermediate between that
      observed with known chloroquine-sensitive (less than or equal to 0.03 nmol/ml)
      and resistant (greater than or equal to 0.1 nmol/ml) P. falciparum isolates. The
      results demonstrate a changing pattern of the in vitro response of P. falciparum
      isolates in Saradidi to chloroquine.

PMID- 6362123
TI  - A modified infant mouse assay for bacterial enterotoxins.
AB  - The reproducibility of the infant mouse assay for Escherichia coli ST and heat
      labile enterotoxins of Aeromonas spp. is improved if both intestinal weight to
      remaining body weight ratio (IW/RBW) and the amount of diarrhoea produced are
      considered as criteria for classifying enterotoxigenic strains. Animals with
      profuse diarrhoea may have IW/RBW ratios below the widely accepted critical value
      for a positive test. Using pools of supernatants from broth cultures of three
      different strains of E. coli, 15% of ST producers would have been regarded as
      negative using IW/RBW ratio as the only criterion of a positive test. In testing
      single supernatants, 25% of ST producing E. coli would not have been correctly
      classified using IW/RBW alone. A scoring system which incorporates IW/RBW ratios
      and the amount of diarrhoea produced improves the usefulness of the test by
      allowing clear separation of positive and negative strains. The scoring system is
      also applicable to older mice for assay of E. coli ST so that a wider age range
      of mice can be used allowing increased use of animal facilities.

PMID- 6362125
TI  - Albendazole: placebo-controlled study in 870 patients with intestinal
      helminthiasis.
AB  - A total of 870 patients, both males and females, from 3 to 79 years old, received
      either albendazole or a placebo for the treatment of nematode and cestode
      infections. Each patient was interviewed and underwent a complete physical
      examination on the initial visit. In addition, complete blood count, clinical
      blood chemistry values and routine urinalysis were performed before and at least
      24 hours after the last treatment. Stool examinations were performed before, 7
      and 21 days after treatment. Direct examination, an egg count using the Kato
      technique and faecal concentration were carried out for each patient. In
      ancylostomiasis and strongyloidiasis, faeces were cultured by the Harada-Mori
      technique. Albendazole, as a single 400 mg oral dose, was highly effective
      against Ascaris lumbricoides, Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale and
      Trichuris trichiura; efficacy against Strongyloides stercoralis was observed
      after three consecutive days of treatment at the same daily dose level. Efficacy
      against Hymenolepis nana was fair. Based on both clinical signs and biological
      values, albendazole did not produce any significant side effects.

PMID- 6362124
TI  - The prevalence and intensity of Ascaris lumbricoides infections in Moslem
      children from northern Bangladesh.
AB  - The results are presented of a horizontal epidemiological survey of intestinal
      infections of children aged between six months and 15 years in three adjacent
      villages in northern Bangladesh. On the basis of 203 stool sample examinations,
      the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworm and amoebic
      infections was estimated as 68, 56, 53 and 19%, respectively. Age-specific
      prevalence data indicated that approximately 90% of the children were harbouring
      patent Ascaris infections by the time they were four years old and there was some
      evidence to suggest differences in the pattern of age-prevalence between male and
      female children. The intensity of Ascaris infection was found to rise to its
      maximum value within the first four years of life. No significant differences
      were detected in the mean worm burdens of children aged between four and 15
      years. Each child in this age-group harboured on average 10 worms. The frequency
      distribution of numbers of A. lumbricoides per host was found to be
      overdispersed, with a value of the negative binomial parameter, k, of 0.44. The
      degree of aggregation was found to be approximately the same for each age-class
      of the population between one and 15 years (0.26 less than or equal to k less
      than or equal to 0.82). No evidence was found to suggest a density-dependent
      reduction in the weight of either male or female Ascaris within the range one to
      43 worms per host.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6362126
TI  - Distribution of various Salmonella phage types in Madras, India: laboratory
      report.

PMID- 6362127
TI  - The physician and hospital privileges.

PMID- 6362128
TI  - Five pupils of Benjamin Smith Barton: the men and their minds.

PMID- 6362129
TI  - Samuel George Morton's doctoral thesis on bodily pain: the probable source of
      Morton's polygenism.

PMID- 6362130
TI  - The scientific and medical genealogy of Locke's "historical, plain method".

PMID- 6362131
TI  - "Charles Darwin 1809-1822: a centennial commemorative." By Roger G. Chapman and
      Cleveland T. Duval. Essay review.

PMID- 6362132
TI  - "Metropolis and province, science in British culture, 1780-1850." By Ian Inkster
      and Jack Morrell. Essay review.

PMID- 6362133
TI  - "A catalogue of the manuscripts and archives of the Library of the College of
      Physicians of Philadelphia." By Rudolf Hirsch. Essay review.

PMID- 6362134
TI  - "Hughlings Jackson on psychiatry." By Kenneth Dewhurst. Essay review.

PMID- 6362135
TI  - "In her own words: oral histories of women physicians." By R. M. Morantz, C. S.
      Pomerleau and C. H. Fenichel. Essay review.

PMID- 6362136
TI  - "A history of the National Library of Medicine." By Wyndham D. Miles. Essay
      review.

PMID- 6362137
TI  - Pancreas transplantation in streptozotocin-diabetic juvenile pigs. Evaluation of
      function among duct-ligated, duct-occluded, and nonligated allografts.
AB  - This study examined pancreatic allograft function in transplanted diabetic
      juvenile pigs. The grafts were transplanted with ligated, occluded (Ethibloc) or
      open ducts. No immunosuppression was used. Irreversible and permanent diabetes
      was induced by streptozotocin. Graft function was assessed by measuring glucose
      tolerance and insulin production during an i.v. glucose tolerance test. The
      fractional growth rate of the transplanted host was used to evaluate the long
      term consequence of transplantation. Normal glucose tolerance was achieved in
      50%, and a slight impairment in 10% of the animals. In 35%, no detectable graft
      function was observed. Duct-ligated and Ethibloc-occluded grafts had a
      significantly lower function rate within the first week compared with grafts with
      open ducts. The fractional growth rate was significantly decreased in animals
      receiving grafts with occluded ducts. This was probably not due to different
      insulin production. No graft failures were observed within the first week in open
      duct graft transplantations. Graft failures were associated with elevated serum
      alpha-amylase and were probably due to vascular impairment. Normal glucose
      tolerance in transplanted pigs was associated with elevated levels of normal
      insulin and C-peptide in peripheral blood, concomitant with low levels of
      proinsulin. Our results show that a pancreatic graft should be transplanted with
      open ducts. Obstructed ducts lead to an increased frequency of graft failure,
      while the transplanted hosts with such functioning grafts show retarded growth
      due to unidentified factors.

PMID- 6362138
TI  - New approaches to donor crossmatching and successful transplantation of highly
      sensitized patients.
AB  - A class I HLA molecule may bear not only a private or unique determinant, but a
      shared, yet discrete, public epitope. These public determinants occur with a much
      higher frequency in the random donor population than the associated private
      determinants--and thus, are encountered more often in random donor blood
      transfusions and in renal transplantation. Sera from highly sensitized dialysis
      patients have been reported to contain a restricted number of antibodies to
      public determinants rather than a diverse array of antibodies directed against
      the private HLA-AB epitopes. As detailed in this report, comprehensive serum
      analysis of the public antibodies in highly sensitized transplant candidates has
      optimized identification of potential crossmatch-compatible donors and has
      avoided needless crossmatches. During the past two years, the incidence of renal
      transplantation from cadaveric donors to highly sensitized recipients has doubled
      at this institution. At 10-25 months following transplantation, 70% of these
      allografts are functioning. Private HLA class I antigen incompatibility was not a
      barometer for exclusion in the final donor crossmatch of these highly sensitized
      recipients. Furthermore, positive donor T cell crossmatches with sera obtained
      more than six months prior to transplantation may not represent an impediment to
      successful transplantation. We conclude that the approach of detailed antibody
      analysis can result in an improved outlook for successful transplantation of more
      dialysis patients who are highly sensitized to the class I HLA alloantigens.

PMID- 6362139
TI  - Long-term use of cyclosporine in liver recipients. Reduction of dosages in the
      first year to avoid nephrotoxicity.
AB  - Cyclosporine is a potent immunosuppressive drug, which has dose-related
      nephrotoxicity. In renal transplantation, the differentiation between rejection
      and toxicity is difficult and even with the aid of blood levels of the drug, it
      may be difficult to establish a chronic maintenance dose. Long-term survivors
      after liver transplantation can provide modes with which to establish maintenance
      doses, as these are dictated by nephrotoxicity in these patients. Twenty-nine
      liver transplant patients who survived one year or more were followed for changes
      in their cyclosporine doses. Daily oral cyclosporine dose, BUN, serum creatinine
      and bilirubin were monitored. The reductions in cyclosporine were dictated almost
      entirely by the findings of nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 6362140
TI  - The effect of mismatching for HLA-DR in recipients of renal allografts sharing
      one HLA-ABC haplotype with related donors.
AB  - The effects of mismatching for DR antigens on renal allograft survival rates have
      largely been restricted to analyses of cadaver transplant results. Analyses of
      HLA matching in recipients of transplants from related donors have focused on the
      number of haplotypes shared between the recipients without regard to DR, or on
      the total number of HLA antigens mismatched, or on the degree of MLC
      responsiveness of the recipient to the donor. Most related donor-recipient pairs
      sharing only one HLA haplotype will be mismatched for DR at the other haplotype,
      but because there are a limited number of DR alleles, sharing of DR antigens on
      the mismatched haplotypes occurs relatively frequently. To determine the
      influence of mismatching for DR on the fate of renal allografts from related
      donors, we analyzed the results of 172 kidney transplants from related donors who
      shared one HLA-ABC haplotype with the recipient. There were 156 primary grafts
      and 16 retransplants; 147 donor-recipient pairs were satisfactory typed for DR
      antigens. Because genotyping was not usually done, we performed two analyses
      under two different assumptions. The first assumption was that individuals
      expressing less than or equal to 1 DR antigen had null antigens, or were
      homozygous for DR; the alternative assumption was that blanks were true antigens
      and individuals with blanks were heterozygous. The first assumption is more
      likely to be correct, and is the assumption used in most analyses of the effect
      of DR antigen mismatches on the results of cadaveric transplantation. Under the
      first assumption, of the 147 related donor-recipient pairs in whom DR typing was
      satisfactory, 33% were mismatched for 0, 64% for 1, and 3% for 2 DR antigens. The
      one-year absolute graft survival rates in recipients of kidneys from donors with
      0 mismatches for DR was 92% (n = 49); in those with one mismatch for DR it was
      82% (n = 94); and from those with two mismatches it was 50% (n = 4). The one-year
      graft survival rate in 25 donor-recipient pairs in which one or both members
      could not be satisfactorily DR typed was 76%. Differences in graft survival rates
      between the 0 and 1 and the 1 and 2 DR-mismatched groups were not statistically
      significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6362141
TI  - Neopterin as a new biochemical marker for diagnosis of allograft rejection.
      Experience based upon evaluation of 100 consecutive cases.
AB  - The use of daily urinary neopterin evaluation to detect immunological
      complications has been tested in 96 consecutive cadaveric kidney recipients,
      three liver recipients, and one pancreas recipient. In 29 of these patients an
      immunologically uncomplicated posttransplant course was associated with stable or
      low neopterin levels, or both. In only 5% of daily determinations on these
      patients were increasing or high neopterin levels seen. On the other hand, major
      immunological complications, such as acute rejection episodes (38 cases), viral
      infections (17 cases), or both problems (8 cases), were preceded by increasing or
      high neopterin levels or both--on the average by one day. Withdrawal of
      cyclosporine was also found to be followed by increase of urinary neopterin
      levels. Neopterin evaluation enabled reliable and accurate prediction of
      immunological complications in 95% of patients with acute rejections and in 100%
      of patients with viral infections. It thus appears that daily assessment of
      urinary neopterin levels represents a useful tool for biochemical detection of
      immunological complications in allograft recipients.

PMID- 6362142
TI  - Kidney transplantation trends from UCLA registry Data, 1975-1982.
AB  - A total of 23,607 cases transplanted in 1975-1982 were analyzed for proportion
      and survival trends within eleven classification variables. Increases of up to 2%
      of total cases per year in proportions of registered transplants over the eight
      years are found in the following subcategories (with corresponding decreases in
      complementary subcategories): first grafts, cadaver donors, recipients with
      diabetes mellitus, and kidneys shipped more than 50 miles. Larger proportional
      increases of 3-7% per year are found for HLA-DR matching, cold ischemia times
      greater than 24 hr, cold storage, and pretransplant transfusions. Recipient
      population cross-sections are unchanged for age, race, HLA-A,B matching, and
      cytotoxic antibodies at transplant. Only the pretransplant transfusion
      classification has no increased graft survival in any subcategory; all other
      variables have one or more categories with increasing graft survival. It appears
      likely that the marked shift in transfusion policy nationwide has been the
      primary factor in increasing graft survival rates overall.

PMID- 6362143
TI  - Increased vascular sensitivity to noradrenaline in hypertensive renal transplant
      recipients.
AB  - We have studied several factors that may cause hypertension in renal transplant
      recipients. Cardiac output measurements suggest that hypertension is maintained
      by an increase in total peripheral resistance. Plasma noradrenaline concentration
      was significantly higher in both normotensive and hypertensive patients than in
      matched normal subjects. Plasma noradrenaline rose significantly in response to
      head-up tilt in normotensive, but not in hypertensive, patients. Resting plasma
      renin activity was significantly higher in both groups of patients than in normal
      subjects, but there was no relationship between plasma renin activity and blood
      pressure. Plasma renin activity did not change in response to head-up tilt or
      isoprenaline infusion in the patients. The rise in arterial pressure during
      noradrenaline infusion was significantly greater in hypertensive than in
      normotensive patients. Regression analysis showed a significant relationship
      between the combination of total exchangeable sodium and the rise in mean
      arterial pressure during noradrenaline infusion with resting mean arterial
      pressure.

PMID- 6362144
TI  - Recognition of donor fibroblast antigens by lymphocytes homing in the human
      grafted kidney.
AB  - A human transplanted kidney, surgically removed because of untreatable chronic
      rejection, was used as the source of lymphocytes (K-L) of recipient origin that
      were expanded with interleukin-2 (IL-2), and of kidney fibroblasts (K-F) of donor
      origin that were maintained as an established line. Cytotoxicity assays were
      performed using K-L and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) as effectors, and K-F
      and donor PBL as targets. From the results the following conclusions can be
      drawn: (1) cytotoxic lymphocytes, presumably involved in the process of chronic
      graft rejection, home in the kidney (from which they can be recovered) but are
      not detected in the circulation; (2) cytotoxic lymphocytes can be generated from
      peripheral lymphocytes by mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) and further expansion in
      vitro with IL-2 (MLC-L); and (3) although both K-L and MLC-L are cytotoxic toward
      K-F, the former are not cytotoxic toward donor PBL. This suggests that although
      MLC-L recognize antigens shared by K-F and PBL, K-L recognize antigens specific
      for K-F only. These results, if confirmed, indicate that antigens not present on
      PBL, and possibly tissue-restricted are important in graft rejection. Thus, while
      monitoring transplanted patients, a lack of cytotoxicity in the recipient PBL may
      be misleading because the relevant cytotoxic effector cells may have disappeared
      from the periphery and the appropriate antigenic target may be absent on donor
      PBL.

PMID- 6362145
TI  - Immature T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of bone marrow transplant
      recipients.
AB  - Recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplants are characterized by an
      immunodeficiency of varying intensity and duration. We have previously
      demonstrated the presence of in vivo activated suppressor T lymphocytes in
      immunodeficient patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease. To determine the
      basis of the immunodeficiency of transplant recipients early after
      transplantation, the lymphocytes of transplant recipients were analyzed
      phenotypically by E-rosette formation and staining with monoclonal antibodies
      (OKT-3, -6, and -8) and functionally by their blastogenic response to mitogens.
      Only 15% of transplant recipients' assays 0-3 months and 16% of assays 3-12
      months following transplant were in the normal range. Transplant recipients
      during the first year after transplantation were characterized by an increased
      percentage (57%) of patients with a normal percentage of E-rosette-forming cells
      but reduced PHA responsiveness. In vitro coculture experiments demonstrated that
      their lack of PHA responsiveness was not due to the presence of in vivo activated
      suppressor cells or a decrease in mitogen-presenting cells. Staining with
      monoclonal antibodies revealed that the T lymphocytes from the majority of
      recipients at 0-3 months following transplantation contained a percentage of OKT8
      positive cells greater than or equal to the percentage of OKT3-positive cells.
      This pattern (OKT8 greater than or equal to OKT3) was not found in the peripheral
      blood T lymphocytes of normal people but was found in 13 of 15 thymuses.
      Monoclonal staining with OKT6, a thymocyte-specific antibody, revealed positive
      staining of more than 10% of the peripheral blood leukocytes in the majority of
      recipients 0-3 months following transplantation, compared with only a few
      normals. We concluded that the circulating T lymphocytes of transplant recipients
      are phenotypically and functionally immature, and that their relative immaturity
      contributes to the transplant recipients' immunodeficiency.

PMID- 6362146
TI  - Leukocyte subsets in first-set rat cardiac allograft rejection. A serial
      immunohistologic study using monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - For an immunohistochemical analysis of the cells infiltrating rat cardiac
      allografts undergoing unmodified first-set rejection, functioning Wistar Furth
      (RT1u) cardiac allografts transplanted to Lewis (RT1(1)) recipients were
      arbitrarily removed at days 3-6 posttransplantation, and were evaluated
      histologically using a series of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) of known cellular
      distribution, the binding of which was visualized by an indirect immunoperoxidase
      technique. Sequestered cells present in cryostat sections were segregated
      numerically on the basis of staining for MAbs detecting T cells, some NK cells,
      and neutrophils (W3/13); cytotoxic suppressor T cells and most NK cells (MRC
      OX8); helper T cells and all macrophages (W3/25); B cells and a macrophage
      subpopulation (MRC OX6, Ia common part determinant); immature T and B cells (MRC
      OX7, Thy 1.1); and all leukocytes (MRC OX1, LCA). The proportion of cells stained
      for each MAb was expressed as a percentage of all estimated leukocytes as
      determined directly on the hematoxylin counterstained sections. Macrophages
      expressing the W3/25 and MRC OX6 antigens were enumerated on the basis of
      intracytoplasmic accumulation of previously administered colloidal carbon. There
      was a significant fall in the relative proportion of W3/25+ carbon- cells within
      allografts as a function of time. The proportion of mononuclear cells staining
      for W3/13 and for MRC OX8 showed no statistically significant variation during
      the period of study. There was a correlation at all periods between the
      proportional sum of W3/25+ carbon- cells and MRC OX8+ cells and the proportion of
      W3/13+ mononuclear cells present. The W3/25+ carbon-:MRC OX8+ ratio showed a
      significant linear decrease with duration of allograft placement. The proportion
      of carbon+ cells expressing the MRC OX6 and the W3/25 antigens showed a highly
      significant rise as a function of time. Nonspecific esterase-stained cells showed
      a similar sequential pattern. These data provide well defined immunohistologic
      parameters of leukocyte subsets present in unmodified first-set cardiac allograft
      rejection in the rat.

PMID- 6362147
TI  - The cellular basis of allograft rejection in vivo. III. Restoration of first-set
      rejection of heart grafts by T helper cells in irradiated rats.
AB  - An adoptive transfer model was used to examine the subpopulations of lymphocytes
      required to effect first-set rejection of directly vascularized heart allografts.
      PVG heart grafts are not rejected in irradiated DA hosts for at least 50 days.
      The adoptive transfer of 5 X 10(7) syngeneic lymph node cells (LNC) restores
      rejection to 14.4 +/- 2.4 days (mean +/- SD). Subpopulations of LNC, were
      separated by an indirect "panning" technique using the mouse antirat monoclonal
      antibodies W3/13, MRC OX8, or W3/25 to deplete the unwanted subsets of cells.
      Each subpopulation was tested, in a number equivalent to the number present in 5
      X 10(7) normal LNC, for its ability to cause the rejection of heart grafts. Whole
      T cells (W3/13+) or helper/inducer T cells (W3/25+) restored graft rejection to
      16.4 +/- 3.8 d and 16.0 +/- 2.4 days, respectively. Neither cytotoxic/suppressor
      T cells (MRC OX8+) nor B cells (Ig+) restored rejection. Indirect
      immunoperoxidase stains of the grafts showed that although W3/25+ cells
      predominated in the rejected tissue, MRC OX8+ cells were also present even in
      grafts from rats restored with inocula that contained less than 1% MRC OX8+
      cells. Examination of lymphoid tissues suggested that the MRC OX8+ cells might be
      of host origin. By the time the grafts were rejected in irradiated hosts,
      significant thymic regeneration had occurred and there were large numbers of MRC
      OX8+ cells present in the thymus, as well as some in lymph nodes and spleen.

PMID- 6362148
TI  - Cellular enzyme-linked immunospecific assay (CELISA). III. Use of the CELISA to
      quantitate monoclonal antibodies bound to HLA antigens and to subset-specific
      antigens on cell surfaces.
AB  - The cellular enzyme-linked immunospecific assay (CELISA) quantitates the binding
      of antibody to cell-surface antigens. When conditions that produced the maximum
      specific enzymatic activity of the conjugate were used, the CELISA was able to
      screen hybridoma supernatant fluids for polymorphic anti-HLA monoclonal
      antibodies using as few as 20,000 normal human peripheral blood mononuclear
      target cells per well. The CELISA detected as little as 24 pg (0.55 fM or 330 X
      10(6) molecules) of cell-surface HLA alloantigen and as little as 40 pg of
      monoclonal antibody bound to cell-surface antigen. In conjunction with various
      monoclonal antibodies to human peripheral blood mononuclear cell differentiation
      antigens, the CELISA was used to quantitate levels of different peripheral blood
      mononuclear cell subsets in normal and diseased people objectively, thus
      providing a simple, sensitive, and inexpensive alternative to immunofluorescence
      microscopic and flow cytometric techniques normally used to phenotype peripheral
      blood mononuclear cells.

PMID- 6362149
TI  - Increased NK cell activity in rats rejecting heart allografts.

PMID- 6362150
TI  - Successful kidney transplantation after loss of specific antidonor HLA
      antibodies.

PMID- 6362151
TI  - [Different modes of cell reproduction in the placental differentiation of
      mammals].
AB  - Summarized is the total evidence on the role of various modes of cell
      reproduction in the course of differentiation of various trophoblast population
      cells. The giant trophoblast cells, reaching a tremendously high (for mammals)
      degree of ploidy (512-4096c), blast cells, reaching a tremendously high for
      (mammals) degree of ploidy (512-4096c), give an example of cells that display a
      "non-classical" form of polyteny with not regular polyteny in chromosomes. For
      the trophoblast cells, a period of easy recognition with not regular, polyteny in
      chromosomes. For display a "non-classical form of polyteny with not regular
      polyteny in chromosomes. For the trophoblast cells, a period of easy recognition
      polytene chromosome has been established timed to definite stages of cell
      differentiation and of the polytene nucleus cycle. The start of phagocytic
      activity in trophoblast cells coincides in time with their transition to
      endoreduplication, both the processes terminating also simultaneously. It does
      not seem unlikely that such that each a correlation may appear due to a strict
      programmed appearance of numerous features of trophoblast cells, including their
      lifespan both in situ and under condition of -transplantation to different
      organs. Biological importance of various ways of reproduction in trophoblast
      cells (mitosis, non-completed polyploidizing mitosis, endoreduplication) in
      various parts of placenta is discussed in relation to their roles in development
      and functioning of this organo.

PMID- 6362152
TI  - [Advantages of using swine serum in culturing animal and human cell lines].
AB  - Using the culture of lymphoid human cells, mice myeloma cells and hybridoma (the
      latter was obtained by fusion of myeloma cells with those of mice spleen
      immunized with phage lambda), the fetal serum was shown to be surpassed in growth
      activity by that from adult swines. This fact is especially pronounced at small
      serum concentrations. When hybridoma cells were cultured there were no
      differences in titre of monoclonal antibodies specific to phage lambda with the
      use of both sera. The possibility of substitution of swine serum for human one
      was demonstrated using the culture of lymphocytes from human peripheral blood.

PMID- 6362153
TI  - [Determination of the mitotic index in tumors by using cell suspensions].
AB  - A new variant of the method for mitotic index determination is offered. For this,
      a tumor cell suspension is obtained by treating the tumor with a 0.3% trypsin
      solution. Then the cells are transferred to a hypotonic solution where these
      undergo lysis and, in result, the nuclei are seen to be released in the medium.
      The ratio of nuclei being in meta- and anaphase is determined. Determination of
      the mitotic index in tumors using this method allows to avoid a technical error
      associated with the fact that the proliferative activity is not uniform in
      different parts of the tumor.

PMID- 6362154
TI  - [Characteristics of karyosphere formation in the lake frog. Light microscopy
      data].
AB  - Morphological peculiarities of the oocyte nuclear organization were examined in
      R. ridibunda during winter and spring (February-March). Numerous nucleoli were
      seen to be assembled around regressive lampbrush chromosomes in the centre of the
      nucleus, and a central body was formed to which the chromosomes were attached. As
      result, a structural complex is constituted that involves a karyosphere and a
      capsule. Nucleoli are characterized by segregation and intensive fragmentation of
      their material. In result, a considerable part of nucleolar DNA is eliminated in
      the form of ring and polymorphous structures (micronucleoli). Besides the
      membranous component of nucleoli (nucleolar threads or tails) is lost. Towards
      the end of this period, nucleoli with complicated morphology become spherical
      again. The formation of the central body is started from the appearance of some
      small optically-light protein structures 5-20 nm in diameter (central body
      precursors-CBP). CBP are closely surrounded with ring micronucleoli to make
      intimate contact with the chromosomes and nucleolar threads. CBP commonly lie in
      one region of the nucleus not far from each other. The formation of a definitive
      central body obviously occurs due to a fusion of some small CBP. A conclusion is
      made of the nucleolar origin of the ring and polymorphous structures and of their
      essential role in the central body formation. The participation of chromosomal
      and eliminated nucleolar DNA in this process is discussed.

PMID- 6362155
TI  - The immunology of leprosy.

PMID- 6362156
TI  - [Long-term treatment with semisynthetic human insulin].

PMID- 6362158
TI  - [Medical documentation and literature retrieval].

PMID- 6362157
TI  - [Candida vaginitis treated with a single dose of clotrimazole].

PMID- 6362159
TI  - [Intermittent claudication treated with pentoxifylline. A controlled trial].

PMID- 6362160
TI  - [Diaphragmatic ruptures in children].
AB  - Although diaphragmatic rupture in children due to blunt trauma is a rare
      condition we have observed an increasing number of these cases during the last
      years. Four cases will be reported and compared to the literature. The majority
      of diaphragmatic ruptures occurred on the left side. One third of all patients,
      however, had a rupture of the right diaphragm. In contrast to adults rupture of
      the diaphragm in children is rarely associated with rib fractures. Frequently
      liver and spleen become injured and two thirds of the patients presented with
      prolapse of abdominal organs into the pleural cavity. The prognosis of isolated
      diaphragmatic rupture is good, usually, however, prognosis is limited by the
      severe injuries sustained by the initial trauma. Only in half of the cases
      diaphragmatic rupture was diagnosed initially.

PMID- 6362161
TI  - Chemoimmune prophylaxis of superficial bladder tumors: results after treatment of
      130 patients in 4 years.
AB  - Since January 1978 we performed chemoimmune prophylaxis in 130 patients with
      superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. After complete tumor
      resection and exclusion of an urinary tract infection as well as an impaired
      global immune competence treatment consisted of one intravenous application of
      700 mg Cyclophosphamide (CTX)/m2 followed by 6 intravesical instillations of 120
      mg BCG/50 ml saline together with BCG skin scarifications. In a total of 12.3% of
      the treated patients tumor recurrences were observed until the 18th month. These
      results compared favourably with the high recurrence rate in a group of 80
      patients without CTX/BCG prophylaxis. In 48 patients with a history of recurrent
      tumors statistically significant treatment effects were noted after CTX/BCG (p
      less than 0.01) using the Wilcoxontest. In 10% of the cases, inflammatory tumor
      like lesions developed. Side effects of the treatment were generally well
      tolerable. From the presented data it is concluded that chemoimmune prophylaxis
      effectively prevents recurrences in superficial bladder cancer.

PMID- 6362162
TI  - [Surgical treatment of distal hypospadias].
AB  - From a total of 1,164 cases of hypospadias operations between 1966 and 1981 we
      report our experience in the operative treatment of distal hypospadias (n = 208).
      The best time for hypospadias repair is between 3 and 6 years of life. With
      correction of chordee it is most important to excise all penile skin of poor
      quality. The standard operation for the correction of chordee is the procedure
      described by Erdely and Bosio. If there is insufficient penile skin, scrotal skin
      is used to cover the skin gap. In the case of a small scrotum, only the proximal
      defect is covered by scrotal skin and the distal part by the procedure described
      by Blair, Browne, Ombredanne and Edmunds. The formation of a new urethra is
      accomplished with the use of Duplay's principle. We prefer subcutaneous running
      suture under tension with rubber bands. In the case of multiple previous
      operations and failed reconstruction of the urethra a tube of scrotal skin is
      formed and brought to the tip of the penis subcutaneously. Many authors have
      described numerous procedures for the treatment of hypospadias. We have combined
      the advantages of all techniques and formed our own approach always taking the
      individual case into consideration. With this approach we have good results in
      the treatment of hypospadias.

PMID- 6362164
TI  - Excision of ellipses of tunica albuginea for primary correction of penile
      curvature.
AB  - Three children and 4 adult patients with penile curvature without hypospadias
      were successfully operated on by the Nesbit technique or excision of ellipses of
      the tunica albuginea. There was no impotence, and a satisfactory result was
      obtained in all 7 cases.

PMID- 6362163
TI  - Review of adverse reactions associated with cinoxacin and other drugs used to
      treat urinary tract infections.
AB  - The evaluation of adverse drug reactions (ADR) in clinical practice is difficult
      and imprecise. Establishing a causal relationship may not be possible, and data
      on incidence cannot be obtained because the number of patients treated is not
      known. This article describes the ADR reported during the clinical trial program
      of cinoxacin, a synthetic antibacterial drug used to treat urinary tract
      infections. Results from 2,801 patients who received cinoxacin showed that 5 per
      cent reported ADR that were probably or definitely drug induced, and 10 per cent
      reported ADR in which the relationship was uncertain. There was no relationship
      between number of reports and patient's age, drug dose, or duration of treatment.
      Adverse drug reactions affecting the gastrointestinal system were reported by 5.5
      per cent of the patients, those involving the central nervous system by 4.3 per
      cent, and hypersensitivity reported by 2.4 per cent. In the comparative studies,
      patients treated with cinoxacin reported fewer ADR than those treated with
      nalidixic acid, furadantin, amoxicillin, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
      Although problems in the assessment and evaluation of ADR still exist, it is
      hoped that the results from the formal trial program will be representative of
      those seen in clinical practice.

PMID- 6362165
TI  - Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in renal transplant recipient.
AB  - Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is reported in the native kidney of a renal
      allograft recipient. Immunoglobulin deposition in the transplant kidney in the
      absence of cell-mediated rejection, accompanied by selective cultures showing
      Escherichia coli from the native kidney, led to the diagnosis. Native nephrectomy
      resulted in resolution of the patient's chronic bacteriuria and creatinine
      elevation.

PMID- 6362166
TI  - [Surgical treatment possibilities and the prevention of retinal and optic nerve
      dystrophy].

PMID- 6362167
TI  - [Ophthalmologists and revolutionaries].

PMID- 6362168
TI  - [Surgical treatment of patients with chronic cochlear neuritis].

PMID- 6362169
TI  - [Treatment of surgical diseases in patients with diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 6362170
TI  - [Angiocardiography as an indicator dilution technic in the diagnosis of heart
      valve insufficiency].
AB  - On the basis of theoretical calculations and an analysis of data of
      angiocardiography and electrodilution the authors make a conclusion that it is
      possible to determine the degree of heart valve insufficiency by the intensity of
      contrast in the heart chambers and the time of elimination of the contrast
      substance.

PMID- 6362171
TI  - [Surgical treatment of blood vessel injuries in a trauma center].
AB  - Under analysis is the experience with the first aid to 70 patients with injuries
      of the vessels. The tactics of the two-steps treatment of the patients is
      proposed: 1st step is a temporary arrest of bleeding (performed by the surgeon on
      duty); 2nd step is reconstructive operation fulfilled by an urgently called
      angiosurgeon.

PMID- 6362172
TI  - [Principles of complex treatment of suppurative surgical diseases in children].
AB  - The authors describe their experiences with the treatment of 174 children with
      purulent diseases of the skin and subcutaneous fat, staphylococcal destruction of
      lungs, acute hematogenic osteomyelitis. The intensive infusion therapy for
      desintoxication is shown to be necessary as well as immune therapy, antibacterial
      and desensitizing preparations.

PMID- 6362173
TI  - Localization of culture-derived soluble Babesia bovis antigens in the infected
      erythrocyte.
AB  - Immunoprecipitates derived from crossed immunoelectrophoresis of Babesia bovis
      culture supernatant fluid against a polyspecific anti-B. bovis serum were used to
      produce monospecific rabbit antibodies to individual B. bovis antigens. These
      antibodies were utilized in an immunofluorescence test to identify the location
      of the respective antigens within the infected erythrocyte. Two antigens were
      found on or near the erythrocyte membrane, while a third antigen was directly
      associated with the parasite itself.

PMID- 6362174
TI  - Teratogenic plants.
AB  - Abnormal, defective offspring are a significant problem in livestock as well as
      in humans. Congenital malformations have been observed since ancient times and
      were once thought to be primarily of genetic origin. Knowledge relating to
      congenital anomalies has greatly increased in recent years. Numerous hazardous
      plants are abundant on many of the ranges grazed by livestock. Many of the
      plants, when ingested during certain stages of gestation, induce congenital
      defects. The defects can vary from minor changes to striking abnormalities. The
      final manifestations of abnormal intrauterine differentiation and development are
      death, resulting in reabsorption or abortion, malformation, suppression of
      growth, and disordered function. It appears that the type of malformation induced
      in a conceptus depends more upon the developmental stages in which the injurious
      agent operates than upon the type of the agent. The etiology and pathogenesis of
      congenital defects are complex. With time, and additional studies, other plants
      will probably prove to be teratogenic. Teratogenic studies and findings in
      animals have had beneficial influences for the livestock industry and for
      veterinary and human medicine.

PMID- 6362175
TI  - Evaluation of the API 20E and Microbact 24E systems for the identification of
      Pseudomonas pseudomallei.
AB  - One-hundred isolates of Pseudomonas pseudomallei were used to evaluate the API
      20E and Microbact 24E rapid identification systems. The API 20E system identified
      50% of the isolates using the revised 1979 Manual only, and 63% when referral was
      made to the computer centre. A higher identification rate (69 and 87%,
      respectively) was achieved with a longer incubation period of 96 h. The Microbact
      24E system identified 84% of the isolates as P. pseudomallei using the revised
      1983 Manual, and 100% when referral was made to the computer centre. The
      Microbact 24E system would appear to be a reliable system for the identification
      of P. pseudomallei.

PMID- 6362177
TI  - Solid-phase enzyme immunoassay of bovine antibody responses following
      immunization against and natural infection with Pasteurella haemolytica.
AB  - A solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was developed in order to monitor bovine
      antibody responses following immunization against and natural infection with
      Pasteurella haemolytica serotype A:1. Non-ionic surfactants, used in many
      antibody EIAs to reduce non-specific immunoglobulin binding, had to be avoided
      because they inhibited specific binding of bovine antibodies to P. haemolytica
      antigens. Calves were immunized with a KSCN extract of P. haemolytica.
      Subcutaneously immunized animals developed a significantly higher humoral
      antibody response than did intranasally vaccinated animals. Intranasally
      immunized calves developed a slightly, but not significantly higher nasal
      antibody response than did calves vaccinated subcutaneously. Field study results
      based on bacterial isolation and EIA detection of antibodies to P. haemolytica
      indicate that cattle can generate carrier states where bacteria are present in
      the upper respiratory tract, yet no humoral antibody response is induced. The
      converse was also found where cattle were free from P. haemolytica in the upper
      respiratory tract, yet possessed a good humoral antibody response to P.
      haemolytica.

PMID- 6362176
TI  - In vitro properties of diffuse cytoplasmic esterase-positive canine mononuclear
      leukocytes.
AB  - Depletion of cytoplasmic esterase-positive canine peripheral blood monocytes from
      mononuclear cell suspensions was attempted using plastic adherence, carbonyl iron
      ingestion and/or Sephadex G-10 filtration. An esterase-positive, nonadherent,
      nonphagocytic subpopulation was identified and further characterized by the
      presence or absence of cell membrane receptors for the Fc portions of
      immunoglobulin and the activated third component of complement. The majority of
      these nonadherent cells lacked these receptors. The data suggests that canine
      peripheral blood monocytes are a heterogenous cell population.

PMID- 6362178
TI  - Diagnosis of autoimmune skin disease in the dog: correlation between
      histopathologic, direct immunofluorescent and clinical findings.
AB  - Histopathologic, immunopathologic and clinical evaluation of two hundred thirty
      dogs resulted in a diagnosis of canine autoimmune skin disease (AISD) in eighty
      four of the suspected cases. Pemphigus foliaceus was the most common diagnosis,
      followed by bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris. The highest percentage of
      cases were mixed breeds, followed by shelties, collies, German shepherds and
      poodles. There was no apparent age or sex predilection. Eighty seven percent of
      the eighty four cases of AISD were diagnosed on the basis of supportive clinical
      criteria in addition to compatible histopathologic and/or direct
      immunofluorescent findings. Thirteen percent of the cases with a final clinical
      diagnosis of AISD lacked supportive immunohistopathologic criteria on biopsy and
      the diagnosis was based upon clinical appearance, exclusion of other dermatoses,
      and response to immunosuppressive therapy. This latter group included four cases
      of SLE diagnosed using a combination of clinical criteria and a positive test for
      antinuclear antibody. Thirty three percent of the AISD cases were diagnosed on
      the basis of compatible findings on both histopathology and direct
      immunofluorescence. A histopathologic diagnosis of AISD was made in sixty nine
      percent of the cases. Positive direct immunofluorescence was found in fifty two
      percent of the cases. Thirty five percent of the AISD cases were diagnosed on
      histopathologic criteria without supportive immunofluorescent findings, while
      nineteen percent had positive direct immunofluorescence with nonspecific
      histopathologic changes. The number of definitive positive results was greater
      for direct immunofluorescence (38%) than for histopathology (25%). There was an
      equal incidence (21%) of false positive results among non-AISD cases with both
      tests. Indirect immunofluorescence appears to have little value in the diagnosis
      of canine AISD. The recommended diagnostic approach to canine AISD involves the
      use of both histopathologic and immunopathologic evaluations.

PMID- 6362179
TI  - A sensitive microassay for the determination of hemolytic complement activity in
      bovine milk.
AB  - A 51Cr release microhemolytic complement assay is described to detect hemolytic
      complement activity in bovine milk. 51Cr-labeled guinea-pig erythrocytes (GPRBC),
      which have been sensitized with a subagglutinating amount of rabbit anti-GPRBC,
      are placed in microtiter plates. Pooled bovine sera as source of complement to
      achieve about 50% of 51Cr release were added to each well prior to the addition
      of the samples on the test. Determination of CH100 titer was obtained by
      difference of counting between heated and unheated diluted whey samples from a
      standard linear regression. Comparative hemolytic values throughout lactation
      were established for the first time and confirmed the improved sensitivity of the
      assay.

PMID- 6362180
TI  - Application of an indirect carbon immunoassay (CIA) for the rapid diagnosis of
      antibody to Toxoplasma gondii in sheep.
AB  - Carbon immunoassay (CIA), a novel indirect rapid test for Toxoplasma antibody in
      sheep, was compared with indirect fluorescent antibody assay (IFA). CIA relies on
      the adherence of carbon particles of India-ink to rabbit immunoglobulin G.l
      Carbon labelled anti-sheep rabbit IgG was used for the detection of sheep
      antibody when attached to tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii. The result was read
      in an ordinary light microscope and there was a clearcut difference between
      negative and positive reactions. Out of a total of 97 sheep sera tested, 15 sera
      were negative in both tests and 12 were negative in CIA but showed low positive
      titres in IFA. The remaining 70 sera were positive in both tests but the titres
      were usually about 3 dilution steps lower when investigated with CIA as compared
      to IFA.

PMID- 6362181
TI  - [Hematological studies of colibacillosis in pigs].
AB  - Four-year hematologic studies were carried out with a total of 51 spontaneously
      and experimentally infected pigs that developed colibacteriosis. In both cases
      there were hypochromic anemia, lymphocytosis, and basophilia, and in some of the
      animals there were hypersegmentation of the nucleus with toxic granulocytes.
      There were also differences concerning the hematologic indices with the use of
      individual Escherichia coli strains. They were most pronounced in pigs that were
      infected with strain O149 and strain 1257 (Poland). Sows that were treated with a
      killed colibacteriosis vaccine showed no changes in the hematologic profile.

PMID- 6362182
TI  - [Prevention of colibacillosis in pigs with CA-80 polyvalent vaccine].
AB  - A live polyvalent Escherichia coli vaccine, CA-80, has been produced and adopted
      into practice in this country. It contains a definite amount of immunogenic
      agents, such as the K 88 antigen, the LT and ST toxins, the K 99 antigen, and an
      enteroinvasive strain. Laboratory and field experiments have shown that the
      immunization of sows with newborn sucking pigs leads to the drop of mortality
      rate from 8.48 to 1.84 per cent as well as to the rise of the average liveweight
      by 400 to 600 g on the 30th day following birth. Besides, the live vaccine has
      been shown to act protectively both against the homologous and heterologous
      enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli and against E. coli strains with a K
      99 antigen.

PMID- 6362183
TI  - Transformation of human diploid cells by adenovirus type 4 irradiated with
      ultraviolet light.
AB  - Inoculation of ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated adenovirus type 4 (Ad4) led to in
      vitro transformation of human diploid cells (HDC). Two transformed cell lines
      could be established: cell line H 1418, from HDC inoculated with the 10(-3)
      dilution of Ad4 UV-irradiated for 20 min at a distance of 20 cm, co-cultivated
      with uninfected HDC, and cell line H 1557, from HDC inoculated with the 10(-2)
      dilution of Ad4 irradiated at the same distance for 12 min. Both transformed cell
      lines were resistant to superinfection with homologous virus. Virus-specific
      antigen could be made evident by the indirect immunofluorescence technique in the
      nuclei of both H 1418 and H 1557 cells.

PMID- 6362184
TI  - Conversion of nonfusing mumps virus infections to fusing infections by selective
      proteolysis of the HN glycoprotein.
AB  - Mumps virus strains differ in their ability to induce cell fusion following an
      infection: strains with active neuraminidase (NANase) fail to cause cell fusion,
      while strains with less active NANase cause cell fusion. When chymotrypsin is
      added to infected cells, cell fusion is amplified in a concentration-dependent
      manner for all mumps virus strains. Virions produced in such infections do not
      express HN glycoprotein-associated activities. Chymotrypsin treatment of purified
      mumps virus in vitro results in sequential cleavage of the HN glycoprotein
      without affecting F glycoprotein structure. Initially, HN is cleaved into two
      glycopolypeptides, HNc1 (32K) and HNc2' (41K), with concomitant loss of
      hemagglutinating and NANase activities, and infectivity. Further incubation with
      chymotrypsin causes complete degradation of HNc1 and digestion of HNc2' to HNc2
      (13K-19K). Both HNc2' and HNc2 contain the [3H]palmitic acid label found in the
      HN polypeptide, which suggests that these fragments are associated with the viral
      membrane. Analyses of infected cells and released virions indicate that
      chymotrypsin acts similarly on HN exposed at the cell surface. Exogenous NANase
      does not abolish the protease-augmented cell fusion, though it does reduce cell
      fusion of untreated fusing strain infections. These results confirm that mumps
      virus HN glycoprotein is critically linked to cell fusion cytopathology and show
      that cryptic cell fusion activity in nonfusing strain infections can be unmasked
      by the proteolytic removal of the HN glycoprotein.

PMID- 6362185
TI  - On and off pathways through amacrine cells in mammalian retina: the synaptic
      connections of "starburst" amacrine cells.
AB  - The neural architecture of on and off pathways in mammalian retina is described,
      including the development of ideas leading to an understanding of the
      bisublaminar organization of the inner plexiform layer of the retina which
      supports these two pathways. The complexities of bipolar cell contributions are
      contrasted with the relative simplicity of ganglion cell organization with regard
      to bisublaminar architecture, and a key role is described for internuncial
      amacrine cells as specific targets for bipolar cells. Two very different kinds of
      amacrine cell are considered and compared, both of which mediate bipolar input to
      ganglion cells. These are the rod (type II) amacrine cell, and the more recently
      discovered "starburst" amacrine cell, which is apparently cholinergic in
      function. As different as the wide-field starburst amacrine cells are from the
      narrow-field rod amacrine cells, they share important features. Both are
      interposed between bipolar and ganglion cells, and both have segregated regions
      of presynaptic boutons. They differ, however, in that rod amacrines may perform
      more specific functions related to receptive field center organization, while the
      functional role of starburst amacrines may be unrelated to receptive field
      properties of ganglion cells. The mirror-symmetry of type a and type b (off and
      on) starburst amacrine cells is described together with their synaptic circuitry.
      In contrast to the rod amacrine cell the output of starburst amacrines is
      exclusively to ganglion cells. Others have proposed a dual function for
      acetylcholine (ACh) in the retina. A unifying hypothesis is briefly sketched here
      which relates the pharmacology of ACh and the dendritic stratification of
      starburst amacrine cells to the form and function of ganglion cells. It is
      proposed that the amount of generalized synaptic excitation received from
      ACh/starburst amacrine cells by a particular type of ganglion cell is largely a
      function of co-stratification of the ganglion cell's dendrites with the distal
      boutons of starburst amacrine cells.

PMID- 6362186
TI  - [Beta-2 microglobulin and malignant lymphoma].

PMID- 6362187
TI  - [Rheumatic fever in Most--yesterday and today].

PMID- 6362188
TI  - [Organization of division medical stations during mass arrival of wounded in
      World War II].

PMID- 6362189
TI  - [Aleksands Porfir'evich Borodin (on the 150th anniversary of his birth)].

PMID- 6362190
TI  - [The work of his entire life].

PMID- 6362191
TI  - [N. I. Pirogov's treasures in the military medicine museum].

PMID- 6362192
TI  - Human posttransfusion graft-versus-host disease.
AB  - Graft-versus-host disease (GVDH) follows blood product transfusions in patients
      with deficient cell-mediated immunity. The rate of mortality in this adverse
      effect of blood transfusions is between 90 and 100%. The historical; clinical and
      pathologic; and mechanism of acute and chronic GVHD are presented. The patients
      at risk, the clinical and pathologic features of posttransfusion GVDH have been
      presented in hopes that, with increased awareness of this usually fatal
      complication, clinicians and transfusion therapists may more intelligently advise
      and select patients who may need lymphocyte-poor or irradiated blood products and
      may recognize the syndrome earlier.

PMID- 6362193
TI  - A new technique in quantitative immunohematology: solid-phase kinetic enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay.
AB  - A solid-phase kinetic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been developed to
      measure binding of antibodies to purified or synthetic blood group antigens and
      tested in the Lewis blood group system. Chemically synthesized Lewis a antigen is
      used as the target for the binding of serum antibody in this sandwich-type assay.
      Kinetic, rather than endpoint, determinations are used to calculate the amount of
      specific antibody. Data are presented showing the assay to be quantitative,
      sensitive, and specific. It can separately quantitate the amount of IgG or IgM
      anti-Lewis a present in patient sera. The assay uses commercially available
      reagents and is semiautomated. Thus, it will be useful for studies in
      quantitative immunohematology as other blood group antigens become available in
      purified form.

PMID- 6362194
TI  - The introduction of acidified citrate-glucose solutions as red cell
      preservatives.

PMID- 6362195
TI  - [Antibiotic interaction with surface-active substances (a review of the
      literature)].

PMID- 6362196
TI  - [Effectiveness of using phenobarbital in the combined therapy of viral hepatitis
      patients].

PMID- 6362197
TI  - [Use of dimethyl sulfoxide in medicine and biology (a review of the literature)].

PMID- 6362198
TI  - [Pancreatic beta-cell function in Itsenko-Cushing disease].

PMID- 6362200
TI  - [Proteolytic cleavage of influenza virus matrix protein and nucleoprotein in an
      in vitro system].
AB  - Proteolytic modification of NP-protein which is a part of influenza virus
      ribonucleoprotein (RNP) was studied in vitro. NP-protein of influenza virus (mol.
      weight 56 000) was shown upon RNP treatment with bromeline to undergo proteolytic
      cleavage revealing 2 more polypeptides with molecular weights of 53 000 and 45
      000 daltons. The same classes of NP-proteins were present in RNPs recovered from
      subviral units obtained by virus treatment with bromeline at buffer pH below 7.
      Electrophoresis in 12% polyacrylamide gel under reducing conditions of subvirus
      units obtained by treatment of virions with bromeline at the buffer pH below 7
      also demonstrated proteolytic cleavage of M-protein present in them into
      fragments with molecular weights of 8 500-12 000 daltons. Similar results were
      obtained upon direct treatment with bromeline of M-protein isolated from virions.

PMID- 6362199
TI  - [Isolation of individual macromolecules from influenza virions].

PMID- 6362201
TI  - [Current concepts of the role of aluminum in chronic kidney failure patients].

PMID- 6362202
TI  - [Programmed diagnosis].
AB  - Diagnostics is still a problem not completely solved. The progress is not only in
      the possibilities of making use of better improved laboratory and technique for
      the examination of the patient but in mastering of improved methodology, of new
      operational ability of the physician of programmed work and better organization-
      in his activities and mentally.

PMID- 6362203
TI  - Comparison of two therapeutic regimens using the same topical corticoid for
      stable psoriasis.
AB  - In a masked, randomized, concurrently controlled clinical trial we compared the
      therapeutic response of two regimens in which the same topical corticoid was used
      to treat 52 men who had stable psoriasis. One regimen, called reduced dose,
      consisted of once-a-day application of a representative potent fluorinated
      topical steroid ointment, fluocinonide (Lidex), combined with three-times-a-day
      application of its vehicle. The other regimen, called traditional dose, consisted
      of four-times-a-day topical application of the same steroid. Patients were
      assigned to one of the two regimens and observed for six weeks. Confidence
      intervals for the difference in true mean response under these two regimens
      provide good evidence that for these patients the traditional dose was not
      clinically superior to the reduced dose.

PMID- 6362204
TI  - Hypoglycemia: a pitfall of insulin therapy.
AB  - These discussions are selected from the weekly staff conferences in the
      Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Taken from
      transcriptions, they are prepared by Drs Homer A. Boushey, Associate Professor of
      Medicine, and David G. Warnock, Associate Professor of Medicine, under the
      direction of Dr Lloyd H. Smith, Jr, Professor of Medicine and Chairman of the
      Department of Medicine. Requests for reprints should be sent to the Department of
      Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San
      Francisco, CA 94143.

PMID- 6362205
TI  - Introduction to biostatistics. An annotated bibliography for medical researchers.
AB  - Biostatistical methods have become thoroughly integrated into modern biomedical
      and clinical research. Nevertheless, every observer who has evaluated articles in
      medical journals has noted that as many as half the reported results were based
      on questionable statistical analysis. This situation, combined with the fact that
      most errors involve relatively simple statistical procedures, points to the need
      for researchers and practitioners to be able to personally judge the quality of
      the statistical analyses in what they read. Fortunately, there are several
      excellent papers and texts available for those interested.

PMID- 6362206
TI  - Medigap: are we cheating the nation's elderly?

PMID- 6362207
TI  - [Pharmacology and toxicology of tobacco smoke].

PMID- 6362208
TI  - [Brief outline of Polish hospital legislation 1628-1867].

PMID- 6362209
TI  - [Theory and practice in the care of diabetic pregnancy--a timely concept].
AB  - Perinatal mortality in diabetic pregnancy has decreased markedly over the past 25
      years; this reduction in fetal loss can be attributed to a variety of advances.
      These include technologic advances in obstetrics and pediatrics, as well as
      greater understanding of the metabolic aberrations occurring in pregnancy
      complicated by diabetes. Basically it seems convenient to consider the various
      disorders in cases of diabetes in pregnancy from several points of view: 1. the
      effect of pregnancy on the maternal diabetes and 2. the effect of maternal
      diabetes on the pregnancy and especially on the fetus, and from the above results
      we can consider 3. an actual procedure in the care of diabetic pregnancy.
      Regarding the necessary criteria in the care of pregnant diabetics neither
      pregnancy nor delivery will cause any serious problems.

PMID- 6362210
TI  - [Transfer factor as adjuvant immunotherapy in invasive cervix cancer. Report of a
      double-blind study].
AB  - From 1977 to 1982 a prospective randomized double-blind study comparing transfer
      factor (TF) versus placebo was conducted in invasive cervical cancer patients
      after radical surgery and irradiation. The husbands of the cancer patients were
      selected as leukocyte donors for TF preparations. 60 patients entered the study;
      28 patients received placebo and 32 patients received TF. The comparability of
      both collectives was excellent concerning age and tumor stage. One patient
      treated with TF died intercurrently. The rate of recurrence of cancer was 5 in
      the 31 TF-treated patients and 11 in the 28 patients receiving placebo, which was
      significantly different (p less than 0,05). This difference was even greater when
      only patients treated for at least 3 months were compared (3 recurrences in the
      TF-group and 11 recurrences in the placebo-group). Further aspects of this clear
      clinical results are discussed.

PMID- 6362211
TI  - [Chemotherapy in Austria. History and outlook].

PMID- 6362212
TI  - [Cyclosporin A--new perspectives in transplantation surgery].

PMID- 6362213
TI  - Laser photocoagulation in alimentary bleeding.

PMID- 6362214
TI  - Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in renal transplant recipients: the role of
      prophylactic gastric surgery.

PMID- 6362215
TI  - Thromboembolic complications after renal transplantation: a retrospective
      analysis.

PMID- 6362216
TI  - Facts about acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

PMID- 6362217
TI  - [Critical considerations on the subject of gnathology].

PMID- 6362218
TI  - [Critical considerations on the subject of gnathology].

PMID- 6362219
TI  - Development of breeding stocks of the yeast Saccharomycopsis lipolytica by
      methods of moderate inbreeding.
AB  - Sporulation parameters of genetically labelled strains, derived from a wild
      strain of the alkane-utilizing yeast Saccharomycopsis lipolytica were improved by
      a breeding program using brother-sister crosses. Sporulation frequency, the
      number of four-spored asci and viability of ascospores could be significantly
      enhanced. To date a number of genetically well-defined strains is available that
      have good sporulation parameters and show a 1:1 segregation pattern of markers
      suitable for genetic analysis.

PMID- 6362220
TI  - [Molecular biology of the germination of Bacillus spores].
AB  - The review deals with recent results and problems of gene expression during
      germination of Bacillus spores. Three problems were selected: 1. The activation
      of metabolism as a prerequisite for the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins.
      2. The activation of nucleic acid and protein synthesis during germination. 3.
      The gene expression programme of germinating spores. Using the highly sensitive
      two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel analysis three major classes of proteins were
      distinguished, depending on the time of onset and duration of their syntheses: a)
      proteins made throughout germination (main class), b) proteins whose synthesis
      started only after a lag phase and then continued throughout germination, and c)
      proteins which are synthesized only during the early phases of germination. The
      programme of protein synthesis is an indicator for the control of gene expression
      during germination. The regulation of expression of these major gene groups
      during spore outgrowth is discussed.

PMID- 6362221
TI  - [Thoughts on dying and death in literature].
AB  - About 35 novels, stories and poems from some 10 countries were evaluated by the
      author in order to show how differently the subject of dying and death is treated
      in such literary works. Special attention is given to both dying in a hospital
      and to helping people to face death.

PMID- 6362223
TI  - [Possibilities in the diagnosis of anaerobic infections].

PMID- 6362222
TI  - [Karl Marx and the funding of health policy of the revolutionary workers'
      movement. III. Marx's basic thoughts on health protection under Socialism. IV.
      Marx's effort toward the improvement of health protection within the scope of
      capitalism].

PMID- 6362225
TI  - [A new method for culturing sporeless anaerobic bacteria from clinical material].

PMID- 6362224
TI  - [Sporeless anaerobic bacteria with special reference to resistance testing and
      resistance behavior].

PMID- 6362226
TI  - [The experimental method of the biochemist Otto Heinrich Warburg].

PMID- 6362228
TI  - [In memory of Karl Marx].

PMID- 6362229
TI  - The biography of a great man.

PMID- 6362230
TI  - [Justification of the advantages of health protection in socialism and its legal
      limitations in capitalism in the light of the teachings of Karl Marx].

PMID- 6362227
TI  - [Xanthine oxidase in homogenized cow's milk and Oster's hypothesis: a review].
AB  - Oster has postulated that the enzyme xanthine oxidase in homogenized cow's milk
      is the cause of myocardial infarction and angina pectoris. This enzyme may be
      absorbed by ingestion, especially of the small particles of the fat globules, and
      then carried by lymph streams to the arterial vascular system, where it is
      deposited into the myocardium. Then it destroys the aldehydes liberated from the
      cell membrane-based plasmalogens. This results in the intimal damage to the cell
      membranes of the arterial intima and the myocardium and ultimately in the
      development of typical atherosclerotic lesions in the arteries. The presented
      review is a critical approach to this hypothesis. The following factors are
      discussed: - the influence of conditions prevailing in the intestine and the
      stomach on the activity of the xanthine oxidase in milk, - the possibility of
      this enzyme being absorbed in the intestine, - the formation of antibodies
      against absorbed xanthine oxidase and - the behaviour of xanthine oxidase
      administered intravenously. Compared with present knowledge, this theory gives
      little evidence only.

PMID- 6362231
TI  - [Historical development of understanding the objectives of public health during
      the founding of the socialist society using the USSR as an example].

PMID- 6362232
TI  - [30 years of national health inspections in East Germany].

PMID- 6362233
TI  - [Significance of the Decree No. 234 of the German Academy of Social medicine on
      the development of teaching of social medicine at the University of Leipzig 1948
      to 1952].

PMID- 6362234
TI  - [The industrial physician system and the fate of occupational medicine in Fascist
      Germany].

PMID- 6362235
TI  - Role of the World Health Organization in the world-wide eradication of smallpox.

PMID- 6362236
TI  - [The Saxon medical service at the turning-point of the 19th to the 20th century].

PMID- 6362237
TI  - [Medical aspects of environmental protection in the 17th century].

PMID- 6362238
TI  - [60 years of the periodical "Gigiena i Sanitariia"].

PMID- 6362239
TI  - [Martin Luther and his physicians. A contribution to Luther year 1983].
AB  - The Luther memorial year 1983 gives rise to describe the reformer's life from the
      point of view of his diseases as well as of the measures of the physicians
      treating him. The description of the work of these persons at the same time
      mediates insights into the level of the therapeutic measures of the 16th century
      as well as especially into the medico-scientific activities of the University of
      Wittenberg, where Martin Luther worked for about 35 years.

PMID- 6362241
TI  - [Extensions of the Reformation of Martin Luther to public health in his time].
AB  - The reformation as the decisive social change during the first half of the 16th
      century influenced directly also the organisational forms of the contemporary
      social welfare and indirectly the development of public health of that time. By
      evaluation of still existing account health of that time. By evaluation of still
      existing account-books of the Gemeinen Kasten the changes in the provision of the
      poor and the development of the old hospitals caused by reformation were
      investigated. Here the personal influence of Martin Luther is shown.

PMID- 6362242
TI  - [Martin Luther--what does he say to use physicians today?].
AB  - On the occasion of the 500th anniversary of the reformer's birthday is tried to
      elaborate his ethical positions, significant for the medicine of his and the
      following time. This is done with the aim to use dialectically Luther's
      progressive thoughts for medico-ethical considerations concerning problems of our
      time and to oppose those persons who intend to render Luther a chief witness of
      misanthropic medicine.

PMID- 6362240
TI  - [Eisleben and the Mansfeld area in the medical history aspect. A contribution to
      Luther year 1983].
AB  - The homeland of the reformer Martin Luther which since the middle ages has been
      acting as the centre of a mining industry is at the same time also one of the
      starting points for the organisation of a mining medicine with its medical
      measures directed to the treatment of the miners. On the occasion of the Luther
      memorial year 1983 is reported on several physicians and pharmaceutists of the
      Eisleben-Mansfeld district who distinguished themselves by particular activities
      and thus for ever stay in the history of science.

PMID- 6362243
TI  - Branched-chain amino acid-enriched elemental diet in patients with cirrhosis of
      the liver. A double blind crossover trial.
AB  - In 14 patients with cirrhosis of the liver and portal-systemic shunts the effect
      of a branched-chain amino acid-enriched elemental diet on portal systemic
      encephalopathy, routine laboratory parameters and plasma amino acids was
      investigated. In addition to the standard therapy including protein restriction
      (40 g/day) the patients received 44 g of an amino acid-protein mixture containing
      30% of branched-chain amino acids and placebo over 3 months in a crossover
      regimen. Plasma valine and leucine increased significantly, whereas all other
      amino acids, including the ratio (formula: see text), remained unchanged. The
      electroencephalogram, number connection test, clinical state and laboratory
      parameters were not influenced by therapy with branched-chain amino acids. Thus,
      orally administered branched-chain amino acids probably have no influence on
      hepatic encephalopathy but are an adequate source of nitrogen in patients with
      cirrhosis of the liver.

PMID- 6362244
TI  - [Congenital bullous erythroderma ichthyosiforme in 4 generations. Histological,
      electronmicroscopy findings and HLA typing].
AB  - Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis is a rare hereditary disease characterized by change
      of the dermatological signs with advancing age of the patients. At birth as well
      as during childhood, epidermolysis and blister formation are found; later the
      general picture of the disease presents horny hystrix-like lesions especially on
      the flexor parts of the extremities. Bullae become rare in adult life,
      vulnerability, however, remains. Here we report on 21 patients out of a 38-member
      family showing the above mentioned clinical findings. Electron-optical as well as
      histological studies are presented. For the first time HLA-type is reported.

PMID- 6362245
TI  - [Anti-angina effectiveness of the calcium antagonist nifedipine in relation to
      coronary involvement].
AB  - 36 patients with chronic stable or the variant form of angina pectoris were
      subdivided according to their coronary angiogram into 4 groups: Group A with a
      single highgrade stenosis in one coronary artery, Groups B, C and D with
      different patterns of occluded, but collateralized coronary arteries supplying
      noninfarcted myocardium. All patients underwent multiple exercise step tests
      before (K) and after randomly assigned crossover treatment with 20 mg nifedipine
      (N), 20 mg isosorbiddinitrate (I), the combination of both (I + N) and Placebo
      (P). Peak and mean ischemic ST-segment depression, the occurrence of angina
      pectoris and heart rate were evaluated. The mean ischemic ST-segment depression
      decreased significantly after N in group A by -28% (p less than 0.01), but was
      not significantly altered in the groups B, C and D (B: -12%, C: +7%, D: +2%).
      After I, mean ST-segment depression decreased significantly in all groups (A: 
      36%, p less than 0.001; B: -27%, p less than 0.001; C: -22%, p less than 0.01; D:
      -29%, p less than 0.05). The combination of I + N was not better than I alone.
      Peak ST-depression and angina pectoris paralleled the results of mean ST
      depression. The resting heart rate increased significantly after N only in group
      A (+9%, p less than 0.01) and increased after I in the groups A, B and C (A:
      +11%, p less than 0.05; B: +12%, p less than 0.05; C: +12%, p less than 0.01).
      During exercise, heart rate was not significantly different in any group or after
      any type of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6362246
TI  - [Reliability of digital subtraction angiocardiography for the evaluation of left
      ventricular function and physical stress].
AB  - The reliability of determinations of left ventricular dimensions from digital
      subtraction angiocardiographies during exercise using intravenous injection of
      contrast material was proved in 20 patients. All angiocardiograms could be
      analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively only by means of the time-interval
      difference (TID-) mode. Compared with other mask modes the superiority of the TID
      mode results from the close temporal relationship between mask and contrasted
      frame. Thus, changes in position and brightness of the background structures are
      small, and left ventricular contours can be determined accurately despite intense
      respiratory movements. The intra-observer variability of determinations of end
      diastolic and end-systolic volumes was +/- 12 ml (i.e. 7.5% of the mean value),
      corresponding inter-observer variability was +/- 24 ml (i.e. 17% of the mean
      value), respectively. Intra-observer deviation in determining ejection fraction
      was 2.8% (i.e. 4.5% of the mean value). The intra-observer variability in
      determining left ventricular axes was basal +/- 0.40 cm (i.e. 7% of the mean
      value), equatorial +/- 0.73 cm (i.e. 13% of the mean value) and apical +/- 0.34
      cm (i.e. 8% of the mean value). Deviations of corresponding circumferential fiber
      shortening rates were basal +/- 0.22 s-1 (i.e. 14% of the mean value), equatorial
      +/- 0.32 s-1 (i.e. 22% of the mean value), and apical +/- 0.18 s-1 (i.e. 13% of
      the mean value). The results show that left ventricular dimensions can be
      determined accurately from intravenous angiocardiograms during exercise using
      digital subtraction angiocardiography.

PMID- 6362247
TI  - [20-year history of the Society of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnosis of
      East Germany].

PMID- 6362248
TI  - [Development of research in the field of pathology and clinical biochemistry].

PMID- 6362249
TI  - [The concept of standardization of methods of laboratory diagnosis in East
      Germany].

PMID- 6362250
TI  - [Development of information systems in the specialty of clinical chemistry and in
      the Society of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnosis].

PMID- 6362251
TI  - [Proteolytic and antitryptic activity of antigen preparations from tissue and
      blood].

PMID- 6362252
TI  - Identification of surface and internal antigens from spontaneously released
      Plasmodium falciparum merozoites by radio-iodination and metabolic labelling.
AB  - Spontaneously released merozoites from synchronous Plasmodium falciparum cultures
      were isolated in the presence of protease blocker. 1-5 X 10(10) merozoites were
      obtained in each experiment. The isolated merozoites possessed a thick surface
      coat and about 80% were invasive to human erythrocytes although they did not
      subsequently develop into ring stages. Tests using several analytical methods
      showed the merozoite preparations to be free of any erythrocyte contamination.
      Six labelled proteins were identified after surface radio-iodination, the largest
      with a molecular weight of 82 000. All six proteins were precipitated with
      various immune sera. Four other proteins with molecular weights of 200 000 and
      160 000-145 000 (a triplet) were identified by precipitation with the same immune
      sera after metabolically labelling the merozoites. The six surface proteins were
      not prominent in the metabolically labelled preparations. Using these methods it
      is possible to identify and differentiate between surface and internal merozoite
      antigens.

PMID- 6362253
TI  - Comparative studies of Trypanosoma cruzi and T. cruzi-like stocks from different
      South American countries using lectins.
AB  - The agglutination behaviour of four-day-old epimastigote culture forms of 34
      Trypanosoma cruzi, and T. cruzi-like stocks from Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador
      and Peru were tested with 15 carbohydrate-specific lectins. We distinguished
      intraspecifically two groups of agglutination reactions: Group 1 includes stocks
      which react with Triticum vulgaris and Aaptos papillata II (wheat germ
      agglutinin: WGA-type). Group 2 includes stocks agglutinated by Arachis hypogaea
      and Aaptos papillata II (peanut lectin: PNA-type). The agglutination reactions
      with lectins from Triticum vulgaris and Aaptos papillata II correlate with the
      presence of N-acetylneuraminic acid on the cell surface. After treatment with
      neuraminidase, the WGA-type is agglutinated by PNA but not by lectins from
      Triticum vulgaris and Aaptos papillata II. Further results demonstrate that a
      certain zymodeme pattern can be correlated with carbohydrate determinants.

PMID- 6362254
TI  - Host specificity in mice selected for innate immunity to Nematospiroides dubius:
      infections with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Mesocestoides corti and Salmonella
      typhimurium.
AB  - The selection of mice for innate immunity to Nematospiroides dubius was not
      specific. Mice bred as refractory (R) to N. dubius infection were more refractory
      to primary infections with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis than other mice bred as
      liable (L) to infection with N. dubius. R and L, as well as randomly-bred (Rd)
      and inbred C3H mice were all immune to challenge infection with N. brasiliensis.
      Previous infections with N. brasiliensis failed to influence the course of N.
      dubius infections or the status of the selected mice as R, Rd and L to infection
      with N. dubius. R and L mice were equally susceptible to Mesocestoides corti
      infection but more resistant than Rd mice. R and L mice died sooner after
      infection with Salmonella typhimurium than Rd, although R survived longer than L
      mice.

PMID- 6362255
TI  - [Asthma therapy. Clinical trial of 2 proxyphylline/ephedrine combinations with
      immediate and long-term effect].

PMID- 6362256
TI  - [The 1983 Hippocrates Medal].

PMID- 6362258
TI  - General practice treatment of symptoms of venous insufficiency with oxerutins.
      Results of a 660 patient multicentre study in the UK.

PMID- 6362257
TI  - [Inflamed dermatoses. Treatment with Bufexamac. A randomized comparative double
      blind study against fluocortinbutyl ester].

PMID- 6362259
TI  - [Molecular microscopy and cytopathology].

PMID- 6362260
TI  - [Analysis of the mechanisms of decreased natural killer cell activity after
      immobilization stress].

PMID- 6362261
TI  - [3-dimensional analysis of the interphase nucleus].

PMID- 6362262
TI  - [Cytopathology of the human allografted kidney. Normal and pathological
      proliferation of the tubular epithelium of the allograft].

PMID- 6362263
TI  - [Uniqueness of the inflammatory processes in virus infections].

PMID- 6362264
TI  - [Functional and morphological analysis of the enzymes of the wall of human
      coronary arteries (based on the results of correlation and multifactorial
      dispersion analysis)].

PMID- 6362265
TI  - [Cellular mechanisms of collagen degradation by macrophages and fibroblasts in
      vitro].

PMID- 6362266
TI  - [Characteristics of the ultrastructural organization of the normal pulmonary
      surfactant system and in exposure to pathogenic factors].

PMID- 6362267
TI  - [Dynamics of the morphological changes in the nasal mucosa of experimental
      animals adapting to high altitude].

PMID- 6362268
TI  - [Ultrastructural changes in HeLa cells exposed to fluorine].

PMID- 6362269
TI  - [Interrelation of the processes of erythropoiesis, erythrodieresis and lipid
      peroxidation of erythrocyte membranes].

PMID- 6362270
TI  - [Hepatocyte pathology in viral and toxic injuries to the liver].

PMID- 6362271
TI  - [Ultrastructural changes in the nodes of the celiac plexus of the dog after
      gastric resection].

PMID- 6362272
TI  - [Therapeutic attitude of kidney transplantation patients--initial results of a
      psychological test study].
AB  - After kidney transplantation the patient is subject to psychological stress due
      to problem situations. To date these problems have described only in very general
      clinical terms. Initial results of a psychological study on 26 kidney-transplant
      patients allow us to recognize factors which influence the patients' attitude to
      the disease and therapy. Such factors are: success of therapy, emotional tension,
      attitude towards the doctor and the self-confidence of the patient. The doctor
      patient relation corresponds to the attitude towards therapy only in the
      immediate post-operative period and in patients with a negative attitude towards
      therapy. In the assessment of the doctor-patient relation it is only of medium
      importance whether the patient likes the doctor. The Study is being continued.

PMID- 6362273
TI  - [Bacteriological diagnosis of enteric infections].

PMID- 6362274
TI  - ELISA for IgM and IgG antibodies against tick-borne encephalitis virus:
      quantification and standardization of results.
AB  - A method for standardizing specific antibody determination by ELISA is presented.
      Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE)-ELISA results are expressed in arbitrary units by
      comparing extinction values of test sera (tested in triplicate at a fixed
      dilution) with the extinction-curve of a standard serum run in the same test. The
      standard serum was given an arbitrary value of 1000 Vienna Units, and the
      corresponding units for the test serum are read from the standard curve. As a
      standard for IgM antibody determination, a pool of sera was taken from patients
      with recent TBE at about the time of maximal IgM antibody production. This IgM
      standard was used for a three-layer as well as for a four-layer ELISA. The IgG
      standard for detection of IgG antibodies in the three-layer ELISA consisted of
      sera from persons with a past infection. To exclude low nonspecific results only
      values higher then 50 Vienna Units are regarded as undoubtedly positive. This
      method for standardizing ELISA gives reproducible results, even when plates
      coated on different days with different batches of antigen were used.

PMID- 6362275
TI  - Hemagglutinins of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca.
AB  - The occurrence and characteristics of hemagglutinins were investigated in 310
      Klebsiella strains (195 K. pneumoniae- and 115 K. oxytoca-strains). Mannose
      sensitive (MS)-hemagglutinins as well as Mannose-resistant (MR/K)-hemagglutinins
      could be demonstrated, only 13 Klebsiella-strains were not able to
      hemagglutinate. MS-hemagglutinins were much more often found in K. pneumoniae-
      than in K. oxytoca-strains, whereas the MR/K-hemagglutinin-frequency was equally
      high. Features (resistance to formaldehyde, trypsin, pronase, glycosidases,
      sodium metaperiodate and heating) and pathogenic significance of these
      hemagglutinins (fimbriae) were discussed.

PMID- 6362276
TI  - Micromethod for carbon substrate assimilation by Pseudomonas maltophilia.
AB  - Assimilation of 60 carbon sources by 114 Pseudomonas maltophilia strains,
      identified by conventional methods, was studied by a standardized micromethod
      (API strip). Automatic reading of growth intensity was done at 1, 2 and 4 days.
      Growth kinetics of reference strain NCTC 10257 were also studied and showed
      evidence of different growth according to the substrates. The results agreed well
      with nutritional patterns reported. This micro-method seems suitable for daily
      use by laboratories because of purity and standardization of substrates, facility
      of use, accurate and automatic reading, and the great number of assimilation
      tests possible.

PMID- 6362277
TI  - On the role of proteinases from Candida albicans in the pathogenesis of
      acronecrosis.
AB  - Evidence is presented for the involvement of proteinases from Candida albicans in
      the pathogenesis of acronecrosis that occurred in a young woman and which
      coincided with Candida sepsis. Secretory acid Candida proteinase by
      immunofluorescence was traced in the obstructed blood vessels of necrotic skin
      that was infested with yeast. The specificity of immunofluorescence was proven by
      exclusion of cross reactivity with pepsin, cathepsin-D, acid erythrocyte
      proteinase and porcine renin. The possible molecular mechanisms of interference
      of fungal proteinases are discussed with respect to the renin-angiotensin system
      and blood coagulation.

PMID- 6362278
TI  - Influence of methoxy-substitution of beta-lactam compounds on the interaction
      with various beta-lactamases.
AB  - The interaction of 6 alpha-(temocillin) and 7 alpha-methoxy substituted
      (cefoxitin) beta-lactam compounds with various beta-lactamases was studied
      employing enzyme kinetics and compared to that of unsubstituted compounds. Both
      chromosomally mediated enzymes from Enterobacter cloacae and Citrobacter freundii
      were competitively inhibited by the methoxy-substituted compounds. Higher
      concentrations of cefoxitin caused a competitive inhibition of the plasmid
      mediated Tem-1 enzyme, whereas temocillin led to a non-competitive inhibition of
      the Tem-1 enzyme. These results indicate that the discrepancies in the
      interaction on the above mentioned compounds have to be attributed to the
      different molecular structure of the beta-lactam nucleus. Moreover, no
      predictions can be made on the basis of an analogy between 6 alpha-methoxy-penams
      and 7 alpha-methoxy cephems.

PMID- 6362279
TI  - [Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgG- and IgM antibodies in
      chlamydial infections of humans].
AB  - The development and evaluation of an indirect ELISA for IgG and IgM antibodies in
      human sera against the genus-specific chlamydial antigen is described.
      Application of commercial anti-immunoglobulins for production of conjugates
      usually resulted in direct conjugate/antigen reactions. Therefore, all
      immunoreagents had to be prepared by the authors. Using anti-immunoglobulins
      purified by affinity chromatography for the production of anti-human IgG(H + L)
      peroxidase conjugates, these conjugates showed high specific activity and could
      be diluted 1/10,000 for the test, whereby direct reactions with antigens were
      negligible (12 +/- 12 ELISA units). Results with the mu-chain-specific IgM ELISA
      could be verified additionally by rheumatoid factor analysis and gel
      chromatographic investigations. Reactions with sodium deoxycholate extracted
      antigen from cells not infected with chlamydiae ("negative antigen") were
      observed with sera from persons working with cell cultures. In comparison with
      microimmunofluorescence (MIF) test and radioimmunoassay (RIA), the ELISA was the
      most sensitive method. However, for differentiation of urogenital infections
      associated with chlamydiae, the type-specific MIF test was superior to the genus
      specific ELISA. In comparison to persons with chlamydia-associated prostatitis,
      the high percentage of IgM-positive reactions in patients with nongonococcal
      urethritis (10% and 56%, respectively) pointed to a predominant participation of
      genus-specific IgM antibodies in recent infections. As compared to ELISA values
      of patients with infections of the urogenital tract (up to 875 ELISA units), in
      some apparently healthy blood donors significantly higher ELISA values (up to
      1400 ELISA units) were recorded. Such reactions may be attributed to systemic
      infections, e.g. chlamydial pneumonias. The importance to differentiate between
      IgG and IgM antibodies in such infections is discussed.

PMID- 6362280
TI  - Purification and characterization of erythrogenic toxins of Streptococcus
      pyogenes. VI. Mitogenic activity of isoelectrically focused erythrogenic toxin
      preparations and culture supernatants of group A streptococci.
AB  - Isoelectric focusing (IF) was used to separate erythrogenic toxins (ET) type A, B
      and C from concentrated culture filtrates of Streptococcus pyogenes strains. The
      ET's were identified by their mitogenic activity on human lymphocytes in the
      lymphocyte transformation test: purified ET type A appeared at pH 5.3, ET type C
      at pH 6.8 and ET type B at pH 7.5 to 8.5; the ET type B was only biologically
      active when PAGE IF was used. IF on Sephadex G 100 failed to yield active B
      toxin. The application of as little as 0.1 micrograms ET type A to an isoelectric
      focusing gel was still sufficient to detect a mitogenic peak in the eluates. ET
      type A was identified in nine out of 10 culture filtrates, ET type C in 4 out of
      10. Detection of ET type B (identical with streptococcal proteinase proenzyme) in
      culture filtrates after IF proved to be difficult. Here the pH of cultivation
      media and the autocatalytic conversion of streptococcal proteinase proenzyme to
      activated proteinase have to be considered.

PMID- 6362281
TI  - Morphological evidence for different types of IgG-Fc receptors in group A
      streptococci.
AB  - The binding of immunoglobulin G (IgG) from man and 14 animal species to Group A
      streptococcal cells was studied by electron microscopy. Only the IgGs of rhesus
      monkey and guinea pig did not bind to any of the streptococcal strains tested. Fc
      receptors were seen located on filamentous protrusions of the streptococcal cell
      wall either regularly or in focal distribution. On the inner surface of isolated
      cell walls no Fc receptors were detected. Both the different labelling patterns
      for different IgG and the results of inhibition studies with homologous and
      heterologous IgGs suggested the existence of different types of Fc receptors in
      the same strain. Further characterization of the receptors, including their
      location, was performed by studying their susceptibility to several proteolytic
      enzymes.

PMID- 6362282
TI  - Bacterial interference in the throat flora during a streptococcal tonsillitis
      outbreak in an apartment house area.
AB  - During an outbreak of streptococcal tonsillitis in an apartment house area the
      interfering capacity of alpha-hemolytic streptococci isolated from the
      inhabitants' throat flora on the beta-hemolytic streptococcal strains recovered
      during the outbreak was investigated. Strains of alpha-streptococci with an
      inhibiting capacity on beta-streptococci were isolated mainly from individuals
      seemingly resistant to streptococcal tonsillitis while patients with repeated
      tonsillitis often had beta-streptococcal strains inhibiting the growth of the
      patients own alpha-streptococcal flora. Inhibiting alpha-streptococcal strains
      were isolated in high frequency in healthy patients that had recently recovered
      from tonsillitis.

PMID- 6362283
TI  - [Clinical importance of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus isolations from blood and
      venous catheters].
AB  - From 1980 to 1982 Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (A.c.) derived from blood cultures
      and venous catheters of 29 patients could be grown. 6 patients with clinical
      signs of Gram-negative septicemia had two or more blood cultures positive for
      A.c. Thus, the role of A.c. as the etiologically relevant pathogen seems to be
      evident. In 14 cases with clinical signs of septicemia but only one set of blood
      cultures positive for A.c. it is felt to be the causative agent since no other
      cause could be found. In 9 cases isolation of A.c. seems to be due to
      contamination - most likely from skin -, because neither evidence of septicemia
      nor relationship to the diseases present of A.c. existed.

PMID- 6362284
TI  - [Neurotoxic workshop materials: II. Organic substances--a review of the years
      1970 to 1982].
AB  - This paper summarizes the knowledge and recent research of some organic
      neurotoxic substances at the workplace concerning peripheral nervous system. The
      review covers the substances: acrylamide, n-hexane, methyl-n-butylketone, n
      pentane, n-heptane, carbondisulfide, styrene, toluene, trichloroethylene, tri
      ortho-cresylphosphate and other organophosphorus compounds, polyhalogenated and
      complex organic compounds and solvent-mixtures. First the chemical and physical
      properties, the toxicokinetic and biotransformation as well as possibilities of
      exposure at the workplace are given. Following the characteristics after acute
      and chronic intoxications. The effects to the peripheral nervous systems due to
      short- and longtime exposure of the substance are described. Field studies in
      exposed workers and neurophysiological investigations with evaluation of dose
      effect-relationships are reviewed especially. Each section is discussed and
      evaluated in respect to occupational medicine.

PMID- 6362285
TI  - [Qualitative and quantitative determination of bacterial populations in aquatic
      habitats. 6. Germ regrowth and drinking water].
AB  - Regrowth of bacteria in the sphere of drinking water is dependent on time
      (stagnation of the water in the distribution system) and on the absence or
      inefficiency of disinfectants e.g. chlorine and chlorinedioxid. Traceable amounts
      of assimilable organic carbon are not a presupposition for the multiplication of
      the bacteria. Even in bidistilled water growth of bacteria could be observed.
      Under laboratory conditions it was shown that the number of bacteria increased to
      10(4) per ml after a 4-days-incubation at 20 degrees C. In particular the
      multiplication is concerned with the autochton bacterial flora of the water e.g.
      pseudomonas species. As a result of the identification of the bacteria it was
      observed that the increase number of bacteria was accompanied by a decrease of
      individual species. After 6-days'-incubation of the water samples pseudomonas
      species like P. fluorescens and P. cepacia were the predominating bacterial
      forms. The number of Gram-positive bacteria decreased significantly during
      incubation.

PMID- 6362286
TI  - [Germ transfer into swimming pool water by head hair].
AB  - The transmission of germs from the hair of the head to the swimming pool water
      was examined. It was found that between 6 x 10(6) and 10 x 10(6) germs are
      transmitted, depending on hair length. A sex-specific difference has been proved
      to exist. The 1,500 investigations based on different methods have demonstrated
      that the proportion of Staph. aureus carriers in the hair of normal persons
      without hospital contact is only 10 per cent and thus much lower than reported in
      literature. Even indicators of faecal contamination and pollution (E. coli,
      coliform germs) were detected in the hair less frequently than is reported in
      literature. Surprisingly, no correlation was found to exist between the
      cleanliness of the hair (interval between the last shampooing and swimming) and
      the transfer of germs. Rinsing of the hair has been found to liberate
      considerable quantities of germs which otherwise are produced by sebaceous
      secretions. Thus, in 52 per cent of cases, after shampooing the germ counts were
      found to be the same as before shampooing or higher. As a result, shampooing
      appears to be an unsuitable measure of germ reduction and the only possibility of
      diminishing the germ load in swimming pools is to wear bathing caps. This problem
      will be investigated by us in greater detail.

PMID- 6362287
TI  - [I. A. Pribil (on the 200th anniversary of his birth)].

PMID- 6362288
TI  - [60th anniversary of the 7th All-Russian Congress of Bacteriologists,
      Epidemiologists and Health Officers].

PMID- 6362289
TI  - [Scientific legacy of S. P. Karpov in the field of environmental focus
      infections].

PMID- 6362290
TI  - [Inhibition and stimulation of the vital activities of microorganisms in culture
      processes].

PMID- 6362291
TI  - [Mechanism of the maintenance of the infective capacity of soil in a natural
      focus of leptospirosis].
AB  - The radioisotope modeling of the processes of the release of leptospires into the
      soil and the daily measurements of the radiation doses revealed that leptospires
      were regularly added by individual carriers, as well as by a group of carriers,
      into common infected spots on the territory of the infection focus. The frequency
      with which leptospires were added by a carrier into different infected spots
      varied: during 7 days leptospires were added 7 times and more into 16% of the
      spots, up to 5 times into 49% of the spots; into 35% of the spots no leptospires
      were added. The microscopic and bacteriological methods of investigation
      demonstrated that the regular release of leptospires into the infected spots
      resulted in maintaining the concentration of leptospires at such spots and their
      infective capacity. The number and distribution of these spots determined the
      stability of the epizootic potential of the territory.

PMID- 6362292
TI  - [Nature of the restructuring of the T- and B-immunity systems in patients with
      cutaneous and visceral candidiasis].
AB  - The examination of 90 patients with superficial and visceral candidiasis, as well
      as Candida carriers, has revealed that the heavy contamination of the body with
      fungi of the genus Candida is accompanied by the specific transformation of the
      immune system, manifested by differences in the character of sensitization to
      Candida antigens: in the patients with superficial and visceral candidiasis the B
      system of immunity is sensitized to a greater degree, while in the Candida
      carriers the sensitization of the T-system is more pronounced. Despite the fact
      that the immune system of patients with the disseminated form of visceral
      candidiasis is capable of developing the delayed hypersensitivity (DH) reaction
      to bacterial allergens, such patients have been shown to develop DH to Candida
      antigens only in rare cases. This is probably due to disturbances in their
      immunocompetent systems, caused, seemingly, by the secondary immune
      insufficiency.

PMID- 6362294
TI  - [Analysis of the discrete structure of antibodies by affinity and antigen-binding
      capacity].
AB  - Immune sera are a mixture of different groups of antibodies belonging to the same
      class of immunoglobulins, but differing in their affinity. The graphic analysis
      and numerical methods permit the determination of the size and affinity of each
      group of antibodies. Differences in affinity are manifested as differences in
      antigen-binding capacity. The antigen-binding capacity index, calculated as the
      product of the association constant multiplied by the concentration of the active
      centers of antibodies, is proposed.

PMID- 6362293
TI  - [A reactivity to polyclonal stimulation of immunogenesis with salmozan after its
      repeated administration].
AB  - The injection of 100 micrograms of salmozan (polysaccharide isolated from
      Salmonella typhi somatic O-antigen) or 50 micrograms of Escherichia coli
      lipopolysaccharide into mice induced a considerable increase in the number of
      antibody-forming cells in the spleen in response to the injection of sheep red
      blood cells (SRBC) 2-3 days later. This polyclonal effect was essentially weaker
      if the animals previously received 500 micrograms of salmozan (9-10 days prior to
      the injection of SRBC). The absence of reactivity was not linked with antibodies
      to salmozan or with some other serum factor. The lymphocytes of nonreactive mice
      proved to be capable of polyclonal response in the adoptive system, and at the
      same time the polyclonal response of intact lymphocytes to salmozan in the body
      of nonreactive irradiated mice was essentially weakened. The features making the
      above phenomenon similar to, as well as different from, the so-called "endotoxin
      tolerance" are analyzed.

PMID- 6362295
TI  - [Epizootic process of natural focus infections from the viewpoint of systems
      theory].

PMID- 6362296
TI  - [Partial antigenic structure of group H10 flagellins in Escherichia coli and its
      genetic determination].
AB  - The study of flagellar antigens classified with serotype H10 has been made in E.
      coli belonging to different OK-groups. These antigens have been shown to differ
      in their partial structure. Group H10 antigens have been found to comprise 7
      variants, and their partial structure has been determined. The study has shown
      that antigenic variants of the same type occur in E. coli belonging to different
      OK-groups and different variants may occur in strains within the same OK-group.
      The data obtained in the study of the expression of genes, responsible for the
      synthesis of flagellin, in the system of isogenic strains suggest that
      differences in the partial structure between the variants of group H10 antigens
      are linked with differences between the corresponding alleles of the flagellin
      specifying gene. The differentiation of these antigens by means of factor
      specific antibodies may prove to be of practical importance for solving the
      problems of the epidemiology and etiology of diseases caused by E. coli having
      group H10 flagellar antigens.

PMID- 6362297
TI  - [Quantitative characteristics of the survival phenomenon in experimental plague].
AB  - The method for the quantitative evaluation of the effect of the survival
      phenomenon is proposed, which makes it possible to carry out the rapid single
      stage determination of the immunogenicity of Pasteurella pestis avirulent
      strains. The low specificity of the survival phenomenon in plague has been shown.
      The accumulation of immunogenic avirulent cells in the population of virulent P.
      pestis has been found to decrease their pathogenic action to a greater extent
      than the accumulation of nonimmunogenic avirulent cells.

PMID- 6362298
TI  - [Attempt at detecting the systems of host specificity in the bacterial causative
      agents of plague].
AB  - An attempt at revealing the system of host specificity in Y. pestis by the
      methods of transformation and conjugation has been made. No endonuclease
      restriction has been detected.

PMID- 6362299
TI  - [Isolation of staphylococcal enterotoxin type B and a study of its
      physicochemical, biological and immunological properties].
AB  - The homogeneous preparation of type B staphylococcal enterotoxin (SEB) has been
      obtained by its adsorption from the culture fluid on amberlite, elution,
      isoelectric focusing in the ampholine system and gel filtration in a column
      packed with Sephadex G-25. The isolated SEB component is a thermostable protein,
      homogeneous in its antigenic composition and according to the results of disc
      electrophoresis in acrylamide gel. Its molecular weight is 28,000 daltons with pI
      equal to 8.6 (the main component), 8.0 and 8.25 (the minor components). All the
      forms are immunochemically identical. The minimum enterotoxic dose of SEB for
      cats is 3-5 micrograms per kg of body weight. The biological activity of the
      enterotoxin disappears under the action of 6 M urine. Monospecific antiserum to
      SEB with a precipitating antibody titer of 1:64 has been obtained.

PMID- 6362300
TI  - [Diagnostic test system for the quantitative determination of Shigella antigens
      in patient blood by an immunoenzyme analytical method].
AB  - The diagnostic test system under trial has been shown to permit the detection of
      S. sonnei and S. flexneri specific antigens with an accuracy of 10(-3)
      micrograms. Along with high sensitivity, the test system has sufficiently high
      specificity. Statistically significant differences in the occurrence of specific
      dysentery antigens and their levels in the blood of dysentery patients and
      healthy persons have been revealed.

PMID- 6362301
TI  - [Molecular organization and functions of the protein toxins of the causative
      agents of cholera and plague].

PMID- 6362302
TI  - [Combined method of creating extra-intracranial microvascular anastomoses using
      biological adhesives (experimental-clinical study)].
AB  - The article deals with the experimental results and the technique of the
      establishment of end to side microvascular anastomosis with the application of 4
      crossed sutures and the use of fibrinogen-thrombin glue and hemostatic sponge.
      Analysis of the clinical results of the establishment of an extra-intracranial
      microvascular anastomosis by the suggested method in 54 patients showed its good
      function in a relatively early post-operative period, comparative simplicity and
      accessibility of performance, and a gain in the duration of the operation. The
      operation may be used in the surgical treatment of patients with ischemic lesions
      of the brain as well as a "prophylactic manipulation" immediately before direct
      intervention on the cerebral vessels for giant aneurysm, carotido-cavernous
      anastomosis, etc.

PMID- 6362303
TI  - [Plastic surgery of skull defects with finely fragmented autologous bone].
AB  - Cranial defects were repaired with finely fragmentized bone in 125 patients (117
      males and 8 females). The ages of the patients ranged from 2 to 56 years. In some
      patients two defects were repaired. The injury to the skull-cap was open in 90
      and closed in 15 patients. The size of the defects was 2 to 12 cm. Complications
      (suppuration) were encountered in 3 patients.

PMID- 6362304
TI  - [Device for stereotaxic removal of intracerebral hematomas].

PMID- 6362305
TI  - Characterization of papaya peptidase A as an enzyme of extreme basicity.
AB  - Papaya peptidase A, a papain-like enzyme, has formerly been shown to contain a
      larger excess of basic amino acids and to have a higher isoelectric point than
      any of the other enzymes in the papaya latex. Determinations of the free
      electrophoretic mobility as a function of pH now establishes the isoelectric
      point of papaya peptidase A as 11.7 and that of succinylated papaya peptidase A
      as 3.8. Although the specific activity of the enzyme appears only slightly
      affected by the succinylation, the accompanying change in the charge/mobility
      ratio seems to indicate a relatively large conformational change upon
      succinylation.

PMID- 6362306
TI  - Synthesis of disaccharides related to the O-specific polysaccharide of Salmonella
      typhimurium.
AB  - Methyl 2-O-benzyl-4,6,-O-benzylidene-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (13) has been
      glycosylated with 3,6-dideoxy-2,4-di-O-p-nitrobenzoyl-alpha-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl
      bromide (4) and its enantiomer (5) using mercury cyanide as catalyst and toluene
      and nitromethane as solvent. The anomeric ratio has been determined by 1H NMR
      spectroscopy and is reversed going from the D to the L compound. Glycosylation of
      13 with 2-O-benzyl-3,6-dideoxy-4-O-p-nitrobenzoyl-alph-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl
      bromide (9) under similar reaction conditions gives exclusively the alpha-linked
      disaccharide while glycosylation using 2,4-di-O-benzyl-3,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-xylo
      hexopyranosyl chloride (12) gives a 1:3 mixture of beta- and alpha-linked
      disacchrides. Glycosylation of 13 with 12, catalyzed by tetrabutylammonium
      bromide at elevated temperature, yields exclusively the alpha-linked
      disaccharide. The conformation of two of the deprotected disaccharides has been
      determined using hard sphere calculations and high field NMR data.

PMID- 6362307
TI  - A quick and simple bioassay system for effectors of cell metabolism using
      biospecifically immobilized cells: assay of thiamine and amphotericin using yeast
      cells.

PMID- 6362308
TI  - Mechanical capacity of esophagogastric anastomosis at early postoperative stage.
AB  - The tensile strength of esophagogastric anastomosis was measured in 20 dogs. In
      case of 32 other animals the preparations were histologically examined, too.
      Mechanical tolerance was found significant from the 7th postoperative day on,
      reaching its maximum on the 15th day with no later change. An explanation is
      sought in the prevalence of the elastic elements growing in direct proportion to
      the time elapsing after operation. This role of the elastic fibres has not yet
      been reported in the available literature.

PMID- 6362309
TI  - Comparative studies with extracorporeal hypothermal kidney perfusion.
AB  - Various solutions of extra- and intracellular, or non-electrolyte type
      supplemented with papaverine or lidocaine were administered by gravity perfusion
      to 60 dog kidneys. Cooling in the kidneys perfused with the solutions containing
      papaverine lowered the temperature of kidneys in significantly shorter time than
      in those containing lidocaine. The histological examinations revealed good
      perfusion with solutions containing papaverine; even the rim of the cortical
      substance has been freed of blood. Identical results could not be achieved with
      lidocaine. These results are to be considered in the clinical work.

PMID- 6362310
TI  - Normal somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I binding and action in cultured
      human fibroblasts from Turner syndrome.
AB  - Growth retardation is a major manifestation of Turner syndrome (TS). Since plasma
      growth hormone and somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I (SM-C/IGF-I) levels
      are generally normal, growth failure has been ascribed to peripheral defects in
      SM-C/IGF-I receptors or action. We have measured the binding of [125I]SM-C/IGF-I
      to cultured fibroblast monolayers derived from patients with Turner syndrome, and
      have evaluated SM-C/IGF-I stimulation of both [3H]thymidine incorporation and
      cell replication. When compared to fibroblasts from normal adults, newborns, and
      age-matched children, no significant differences were observed in specific
      binding of [125I]SM-C/IGF-I to fibroblast monolayers, and displacement curves
      demonstrated similar receptor affinities for all groups. Similarly, equivalent SM
      C/IGF-I stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation was seen in both Turner and
      control fibroblasts. In the absence of serum, SM-C/IGF-I, at a concentration of
      10-25 ng/ml, stimulated thymidine incorporation 3.7-11.8-fold in Turner
      fibroblasts and 1.9-9.8-fold in control cells. In combination with 1.0% human
      hypopituitary serum (HHS), SM-C/IGF-I stimulated thymidine incorporation 20-70
      fold in all cell lines. Cell replication in both TS and control cells was
      increased 90% by the combination of SM-C/IGF-I + 0.5% HHS, and 140% by SM-C/IGF-I
      + 0.5% HHS + dexamethasone. We conclude that TS fibroblasts have normal SM-C/IGF
      I receptors and sensitivity, and are capable of enhanced DNA synthesis and
      replication following SM-C/IGF-I stimulation.

PMID- 6362311
TI  - Aggression-provoked huge release of submaxillary mouse renin to saliva.
AB  - In a normal male mouse, which had been kept isolated for some time, confrontation
      with another male mouse, resulted in aggressive behaviour, including fighting.
      The aggressive behaviour resulted in secretion of a few microlitre of saliva with
      vast renin concentration. The renin concentration in saliva reached values of
      6000 Goldblatt units X ml-1, corresponding to 15 mg/ml of renin. This
      concentration is 6 orders of magnitude higher than normal plasma renin
      concentrations. The secretory pattern could be mimicked by ip injection of
      pharmacological doses (2-18 mg/kg) of the alpha-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine.
      This is probably the first demonstration of a physiological secretion of renin to
      saliva which may be of importance since renin most likely is injected into the
      opponent or prey through bites.

PMID- 6362313
TI  - The effect of miconazole on ergosterol-less mutant of Candida albicans.
AB  - The effect of miconazole in fungistatic concentration on an ergosterol-competent
      Candida albicans strain and its ergosterol-nonproducing mutant was investigated
      by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The ergosterol-less mutant
      showed pronounced alterations by scanning electron microscopy. The increased
      sensitivity to miconazole of the ergosterol-less mutant was attributed to an
      altered plasma membrane composition and rigidity.

PMID- 6362312
TI  - Stimulation of human peripheral lymphocytes with endotoxin and radiodetoxified
      endotoxin.
AB  - The effects of parent endotoxin and radiodetoxified endotoxin on human peripheral
      lymphocytes were compared in experiments in vitro. Radiodetoxified endotoxin is
      able to exceed the degree of the stimulation induced by parent endotoxin and its
      stimulatory effect. At the same time, no change was observed in the presence of
      autologous serum. Radiodetoxified endotoxin did not inhibit the
      phytohaemagglutinin-induced proliferative response.

PMID- 6362314
TI  - Survival of Campylobacter jejuni in different media and faeces at different
      temperatures and times of preservation.
AB  - Nineteen Campylobacter jejuni strains survived best in suspensions with
      approximately 10(9) bacteria in 4% albumin solution at-60 degrees C for 17 months
      (18 out of 19). At the same temperature and during the same period they survived
      less well in milk (11 out of 19). Recovery of campylobacters after 7 weeks was
      abundant in albumin, and somewhat less in milk. At -20 degrees C survival in milk
      was worse; 17 out of 19 cultures did not survive 5 weeks in milk and 7 died in
      albumin. At 4 degrees C all but one strain survived two weeks in milk and none
      died in albumin, but after 3 weeks only 7 survived in milk and 2 in albumin. At
      room temperature campylobacters did not survive 10 days in any of the media used.
      Peptone water (4%) and peptone-saline proved unsuitable for preservation. From 20
      positive stool samples kept at 4 degrees C, on the day after the first sampling
      C. jejuni could not be recovered from 10 samples; bacteria survived for 2-7 days
      in 8 samples, for 12-20 days in 2 samples.

PMID- 6362315
TI  - Change in phage-sensitivity of Shigella flexneri strains. I. Changes in virulence
      and phage-sensitivity.
AB  - In the course of repeated passaging of virulent Shigella flexneri cultures in
      liquid media, avirulent variants and variants of reduced virulence appeared. They
      were easily recognizable by their colonial morphology. The avirulent variants
      became sensitive to certain phages not lysing the original virulent strains. The
      change of phage-sensitivity among the variants with no or decreased virulence was
      significant: chi 2 = 64.25; P less than 0.001. The amplification of phage
      sensitivity developed in 15% of the originally avirulent cultures. No association
      was found between the loss of virulence and a specific phage-sensitivity pattern.
      In the majority of the cases sensitivity to phage Ms2 developed during the
      passages, but it was observed in some of the original strains, too. With few
      exceptions, sensitivity to phage Ms2 was associated with the total or partial
      degradation of the specific antigen and the antigenic structure detectable by S.
      flexneri factor sera. These exceptions were cultures with maintained or decreased
      virulence.

PMID- 6362316
TI  - Studies of enterotoxin of Shigella dysenteriae type 1. I. Effect of aeration on
      the production of enterotoxin and suitability of laboratory animals for its
      biological assay.
AB  - Shigella dysenteriae type 1 was used to study the influence of aeration on
      enterotoxin production and the suitability of laboratory animals for the toxin
      assay. The enterotoxin produced under aerobic shake culture conditions gave a gut
      dilatory response of 1.436 but that obtained in aerobic and anaerobic stationary
      cultures exerted no activity. The toxin fractionated on Sephadex G-150 column was
      more effective than that obtained by ammonium sulphate precipitation. Only
      Sephadex column fraction II had a toxic activity. Among the three laboratory
      animal models tested, the rabbit ileal loop was suitable for the assay of toxin.
      The skin permeability test was unsatisfactory for enterotoxicity assay.

PMID- 6362317
TI  - The effect of the GABA-agonist, progabide, on benign essential tremor. A
      controlled clinical trial.
AB  - In a double-blind crossover trial of two 2-week treatment periods, to which 18
      patients with benign essential tremor were admitted, there was no statistically
      significant different between progabide 11.4-20.2 mg/kg X day (median 14.2 mg/kg
      X day) and placebo in tremor score and tremor amplitude. However, there was a
      definite placebo and period effect with reduction of tremor score and tremor
      amplitude during the second period of treatment compared to the first period of
      treatment, regardless of the treatment regime. This was presumably a result of
      prolonged treatment and habituation to the test situation and not an effect of
      the active drug. No side-effects were registered and no laboratory abnormalities
      were seen.

PMID- 6362318
TI  - Composite laminate veneers with a continuous inorganic phase comprising
      microporous sintered glass fiber networks.
AB  - Veneers were made from sheets consisting of a three-dimensional network of
      sintered ultrafine glass fibers. The sheets were molded by a vacuum-pressure
      technique and then impregnated with a liquid resin. Impregnation was performed
      with a method that enabled the depth of penetration to be monitored. The resin
      was cured with UV radiation under N2 protection. By the use of TiO2-containing
      resins the veneer achieved an enamel-like appearance. An in vitro toothbrush
      dentifrice abrasion test showed a high wear resistance and persisting surface
      luster. Scanning electron and light microscopy showed fairly smooth and flat
      light-reflecting glass structures in the surface.

PMID- 6362319
TI  - Steam sterilization of air turbine dental handpieces.
AB  - The efficacy of autoclaving high-speed dental handpieces was tested in two types
      of downward displacement steam sterilizers (instrument autoclaves), commonly used
      in the dentist's office. Eight series of experiments were performed with various
      sterilization schedules. Lubrication oils with or without antimicrobial agent
      were used in four of the series. Each handpiece was inoculated with 1 ml of a
      suspension containing equal amounts of saliva and spores of Bacillus
      stearothermophilus (approx. 10(6) spores/ml). Neither sterilization at 120-124
      degrees C for 20 min nor at 134-136 degrees C for 10 min resulted in complete
      inactivation of the spores in series in which the instruments were tested without
      oil or with oil containing no antimicrobial agent. However, when the handpieces
      were lubricated with oil containing isopropanol and formaldehyde and the schedule
      134-136 degrees C/10 min was used, no growth was observed. The results indicate
      that instrument autoclaves with built-in programs of 120-124 degrees C/20 min and
      134-136 degrees C/10 min could have insufficient capacity to sterilize lubricated
      or unlubricated dental handpieces. The use of oils containing an antimicrobial
      agent can overcome this problem.

PMID- 6362320
TI  - The fluid content of hydrophilic contact lenses on the eye.
AB  - Hydroflex m, Hydroflex 72 and Sauflon PW lenses were tested (declared fluid
      content 38.4%, 72% and 79%, respectively). At room temperature in vitro the mean
      fluid content of Hydroflex m and Sauflon PW was significantly higher than
      declared (P less than 0.002), but this might be due to insufficient blotting of
      the lens surface. The mean fluid content of Hydroflex 72 was about 2.5% lower
      than declared (P less than 0.002). During wear the fluid content of Hydroflex m
      did not differ significantly from the in vitro recordings at room temperature,
      while the fluid content of worn Hydroflex 72 and Sauflon PW was about 2% lower
      than in vitro (P less than 0.002). This difference was mainly due to the greater
      temperature susceptibility of these lens materials. Apart from a slight decrease
      during the first few h after insertion (P less than 0.05), the fluid content of
      the lenses was not significantly influenced by the duration of wear. The mean
      contact lens surface temperature during wear was 30.7 degrees C.

PMID- 6362321
TI  - Long term results of corneal grafting in keratoconus.
AB  - Fifty-four corneal grafts in 45 keratoconus patients have been followed for 3 to
      12 years (average 5.8 years). The corneal clarity, visual acuity, incidence of
      immune rejections, relation to HLA compatibility, corneal thickness and
      endothelial cell density are reported. At the follow-up 98% (53 out of 54) of the
      grafts were clear. Visual acuity was greater than or equal to 0.67 in 72% of the
      cases. Suboptimal vision was due to cataract or large astigmatism. Rejection had
      occurred in 5 cases (10%). The graft thickness was found to decrease steadily,
      reaching subnormal values about 1/2 year after the operation. Six years after
      grafting, however, the thickness did not differ from that of normal corneas. The
      endothelial cell density in uncomplicated cases ranged from 450 to 3000
      cells/mm2, decreasing with length of post-operative period. The HLA compatibility
      could not be shown to influence the endothelial cell density.

PMID- 6362322
TI  - Absorbable intracutaneous skin closure after skin resection in entropion
      operations.
AB  - After resection in the eye region, skin closure is most often performed with non
      absorbable single knots. To investigate how far intracutaneous skin closure with
      Dexon absorbable suture material could demonstrate advantages to the traditional
      suture technique, 57 patients with senile entropions of the lower eyelid were
      randomized into one of two treatment groups. After a scaphoidal skin resection
      and resection of fibers of orbicularis muscle, the skin closure was performed
      with either continuous intracutaneous Dexon 6 or single knots of silk. This study
      demonstrates that both methods are easy and safe, but a superiority of the
      technique with absorbable intracutaneous skin closure was found in regard to
      immediate cosmetic satisfaction and time-consumption at controls, if necessary,
      because removal of suture material is not necessary.

PMID- 6362323
TI  - A study of inclusion conjunctivitis in newborn and young adults. Clinical
      picture, culture, conjunctival scrapings and cytology of the tear fluid in 12
      cases.
AB  - Chlamydia trachomatis were cultured from the conjunctiva of 8 newborn babies and
      4 young adults' (age 20-30 years) affected with acute or therapy-resistant
      chronic conjunctivitis. The newborn had acute purulent conjunctivitis noticed 4
      to 12 days after birth. Five of them had been treated with topical
      chloramphenicol without effect before the diagnosis was made. They responded well
      to topical tetracycline ointment, but 3 relapsed. Two developed chronic
      conjunctivitis and respiratory tract infection, one under long time topical
      chloramphenicol treatment. The adults had a chronic, in 3 unilateral,
      conjunctivitis with pronounced follicularly (3) or papillary (1) conjunctival
      hypertrophy. Different degrees of pseudoptosis, micropannus and corneal
      infiltrates (in 3) were noticed. In the tear fluid, the quantitative pipette
      method revealed inflammation shown by neutrophilic granulocytes and lymphocytes
      with an appreciable predominance of the former in the newborn, while less so in
      the adults. In the newborn the diagnosis was easily made by culture and by
      demonstrating inclusions bodies in Giemsa-stained conjunctival scrapings. In the
      adults the methods were less sensitive. A negative response to one culture does
      not preclude chlamydial infection.

PMID- 6362324
TI  - Comparison of four methods for differentiation of Staphylococcus aureus from
      other Micrococcaceae in the routine laboratory.
AB  - Four methods for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus (tube coagulase
      test, thermostable nuclease test, indirect agglutination of fibrinogen coated
      erythrocytes and a commercial latex kit: SeroSTAT Staphylococcus Test) have been
      compared. Clinical isolates (698) and 40 reference strains of Micrococcaceae were
      included in the study together with control organisms. The coagulase test gave no
      false positive results but 39/406 clinical isolates of S. aureus were negative at
      2h and one half were only weakly positive. At 18 h, all but 2 of 406 isolates
      gave a positive reaction. The thermostable nuclease test was very specific; no
      clinical isolates of S. aureus gave negative results and no "coagulase-negative"
      clinical isolates gave a definite positive reaction. The indirect
      haemagglutination method was sometimes difficult to interpret and frequently gave
      negative or doubtful results for S. aureus. The SeroSTAT test was easy to use and
      interpret and was specific; the method is suitable for routine laboratory use,
      particularly when a rapid result is desirable.

PMID- 6362325
TI  - Aggregation of enzymatically modified Streptococcus mitis indicating involvement
      of lectin-ligand type interaction.
AB  - The aggregation properties of Streptococcus mitis ATCC 903 cells modified by
      treatment with heat or different enzymes was investigated. Bacteria that had the
      ability to aggregate spontaneously lost this capacity by treatment with
      proteolytic enzymes, beta-galactosidase or heat. Cells subjected to different
      types of modification were mixed in various proportions and their aggregation
      properties were recorded. To discriminate between the two kinds of cells in the
      suspension, one partner in the aggregation reaction was labelled with 14C
      palmitic acid. Bacteria treated with beta-galactosidase co-aggregated with
      spontaneously aggregating cells (not modified) and with cells treated with heat.
      Heat-treated cells co-aggregated with spontaneously aggregating cells and with
      cells treated with beta galactosidase. Cells treated with trypsin did not co
      aggregate either with spontaneously aggregating cells or cells treated with heat
      or beta-galactosidase. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that two
      surface components are required for specific aggregation of S. mitis cells. We
      suggest that both components are degraded or released from the bacterial surface
      by treatment with trypsin (and other proteolytic enzymes) as shown by the
      inability of these cells to take part in any co-aggregation with spontaneously
      aggregating cells. Treatment with beta-galactosidase degrades a carbohydrate
      receptor constituting the terminal part of a glycoprotein. Heat treatment
      inactivates a protein lectin. The fact that heat-treated bacteria and bacteria
      treated with beta-galactosidase aggregate when mixed supports the assumption that
      two components take part in the aggregation reaction.

PMID- 6362326
TI  - Demonstration of the in vitro phagocytosis of Treponema denticola by human
      polymorphonuclear neutrophils.
AB  - A method has been developed for the study of phagocytosis of the oral treponeme
      T. denticola by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. T. denticola was labelled
      with 32P-orthophosphate, and phagocytosis, expressed as counts per mg cell
      protein, was measured after 15, 60 and 120 min of interaction between neutrophils
      and treponemes. Four different cell cultures were used as controls, and
      phagocytosis of E. coli was used as reference. The uptake of radiolabelled T.
      denticola was significantly larger with the PMNs than with any of the control
      cells. An increase of uptake was observed from 15 to 120 min. The addition of
      autologous human serum or rabbit T. denticola antiserum enhanced the phagocytosis
      2-3 fold, and phagocytosis was decreased under an anaerobic atmosphere. Scanning
      electron microscopic studies also indicated that phagocytosis had taken place.

PMID- 6362327
TI  - Evaluation of the Anaerobe-Tek system for the identification of Bacteroides and
      Fusobacterium species.
AB  - Reference strains and clinical isolates of Bacteroides and Fusobacterium species
      were examined by the Anaerobe-Tek System (A/T-system). Of 104 strain, only 57
      (54.8%) were identified correctly to species level. 38 strains (36.5%) were
      incorrectly identified and for 9 strains (8.7%) there were no codes in the
      manufacturers' data base manual. The results indicate that, in our hands, the A/T
      system in its present form, is not suitable for the identification of clinical
      isolates of Bacteroides and Fusobacterium species.

PMID- 6362328
TI  - Tumour-activated macrophages as effector cells in a tumour neutralization assay
      in vivo.
AB  - Macrophages from C3D2 or C57B1/6 mice were activated in vitro by coculture with
      MC1M-AA sarcoma cells or by addition of cell free tumour ascites fluid from the
      same tumour. After 5-7 days of in vitro activation, macrophages were harvested,
      mixed with MC1M-AA or B-16 melanoma cells, and reinjected into C3D2 or C57B1/6
      mice respectively. Mice were evaluated for tumour development, and the early
      histological appearance of the B16 melanomas was studied. Activated macrophages
      gave a significant delay and decrease in tumour take when mixed with B16 melanoma
      cells at a tumour cell: activated macrophage ratio of 1:20. When activated
      macrophages were mixed with MC1M-AA cells at a tumour cell: activated macrophage
      ratio of 1:50, a slight delay and a significant decrease in tumour take was
      observed. BCG-activated macrophages did exhibit a very weak effect on MC1M-AA
      tumour growth. When B16 melanoma cells were injected into mice together with
      activated macrophages, an acute inflammatory reaction was observed at the site of
      injection. The organization of the tumour was delayed, and necrotic tumour cells
      could be found. In some cases, small islands of tumour cells escaped killing, and
      gave rise to delayed tumour development.

PMID- 6362329
TI  - Infarct-kidney hypertension in the rat mutant nude.
AB  - Infarct-kidney hypertension was induced in congenital athymic nude rats, and in
      their immunologically normal haired littermates. In both groups a significant
      initial increase in blood pressure was seen in the course of the first 30 days.
      In the remainder of the observation period of 120 days the mean blood pressure in
      the nude rats decreased to a significantly lower level where-as in the haired
      rats the mean blood pressure remained unchanged at the high level. Although a
      high mortality weakened the results, it is hypothesized that the failing ability
      to maintain the elevated blood pressure into the late phase in the nude rats
      could be due to impaired thymus function. Nine of 14 haired rats had increased
      numbers of lymphocytes around intrarenal arteries, in contrast to only 1 of 10
      nude rats. A periarteritis nodosa like picture was observed around mesenterial
      arteries of 3 nude and 2 haired rats. The level of plasma renin was similar
      preoperatively in nude and haired rats. Infarction of the kidney was followed by
      a significant decrease in the plasma renin level in both nude and haired rats,
      which at 10 days was significantly lower in haired than in nude rats, despite a
      higher blood pressure in the latter.

PMID- 6362330
TI  - [Effect of some drugs on plasma and liver lipoprotein lipase activities and
      plasma cholesterol levels in rats].

PMID- 6362331
TI  - Characteristics of the inhibitory effect of alkalosis on insulin secretion.
AB  - Glucose-induced insulin secretion by the perfused sodium pentobarbital
      anesthetized-rat pancreases was studied under different extracellular pH ranging
      from 7.4 to 7.8. Under our experimental conditions the amount of insulin released
      was inversely correlated to the pH increase. Besides, metabolic (CO2H- excess) or
      gaseous (low pCO2) type of alkalosis, were equally effective inhibiting insulin
      secretion. During a 16.6 mM glucose stimulus, sequential modifications of
      extracellular pH (7.4-7.8-7.4) caused a dramatic decrease in insulin secretion
      during alkalosis and an enhancement of its release during the second 7.4 period.
      The installment and remotion of the inhibition followed almost immediately the
      changes in the pH of the perfusates. These findings indicate that extracellular
      diminution of H+ concentration produces a gradual and quickly reversible decrease
      upon glucose-induced insulin secretion. These characteristics suggest that the
      inhibitory effect may be mediated through changes in intracellular and/or
      transmembrane ion fluxes coupled to the variations in H+ concentration.

PMID- 6362332
TI  - Role of alkaline phosphatase in contraception--a review.
AB  - High-level influence of alkaline phosphatase (AP) in the endometrium is
      responsible for conception. Absence or reduction in the level of the same in the
      endometrium is one of the causes of conception control. The above mechanism is
      correlated with the observation of Gautray et al. (1969) on "qualitative curve of
      alkaline phosphatase upon the human endometrium" and the theory of "Rhythm
      Method"--a role in the fertility control. Conception takes place generally
      between the 9th and 20th day of the menstrual cycle which is indicated "Baby
      Days" as the enzymic AP level in the endometrium is helpful for conception and
      its peak level is between the 16th and 18th day. From the 1st to 8th and 21st to
      28th day of the said cycle AP is at low level and almost nil. Implantation
      becomes unsuitable at this stage and is indicated "No Baby Days". Therefore, it
      may be concluded that the enzymic influence of AP is responsible both for
      conception and for contraception. Combined hormonal contraceptive drug also
      abolishes the AP influence in the endometrium. An attempt at exploration of its
      essential role is fundamental, because its inadequacy in the endometrium is a
      factor controlling conception. In view of the documents, it can be concluded that
      the role of AP uterine enzyme cannot be ruled out with respect to fertility
      control mechanism which may be considered as a fourth point instead of the three
      factors for the same, established in medical science.

PMID- 6362333
TI  - Effects of PYY and PP on endocrine pancreas.
AB  - Novel intestinal polypeptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were
      infused in fed anaesthetized rats. The peptides (10 and 100 pmol/kg X min) were
      administered during 30 min, alone, together with glucose or together with
      arginine. Plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin and glucagon were measured.
      At the dose of 10 pmol/kg X min the peptides had no effect. PP at the dose of 100
      pmol/kg X min slightly augmented basal, but had no effect on stimulated insulin
      and glucagon release. PYY at the dose of 100 pmol/kg X min was without effect on
      basal insulin and glucagon levels and on glucose-induced insulin release, but
      exerted an inhibitory effect on arginine-induced secretion of both insulin and
      glucagon. It is unlikely that PYY and PP can affect secretion of insulin and
      glucagon via blood circulation. The potential capability of high doses of PP to
      affect insulin and glucagon secretion suggests that this peptide may exert direct
      (paracrine) effects on the pancreatic A- and B-cells.

PMID- 6362334
TI  - Release of gastrin and insulin in response to suckling in lactating dogs.
AB  - The concentration of gastrin and insulin was determined in peripheral blood of 4
      lactating dogs during suckling. Suckling induced an immediate rise of gastrin and
      insulin levels, twofold and threefold, respectively. A peak was reached at
      approximately 5 min after suckling was started, and basal levels were reached
      again within 15-20 min. The increase in gastrin and insulin levels coincided with
      the let-down reflex, i.e. it occurred when the puppies started to obtain milk
      from their mothers. Sham feeding and feeding induce a vagally mediated increase
      of gastrin and insulin release in dogs. We suggest that the changes in the
      gastrin and insulin levels observed by us in the lactating dogs, reflect a
      similar vagal activation induced by suckling. Possible effects of the suckling
      induced release of gastrin and insulin on milk ejection and secretion are
      discussed.

PMID- 6362335
TI  - Effects of endurance training on alkaline protease activities in rat skeletal
      muscles.
AB  - This study aimed at comparing the effects of running and swimming training
      protocols and the termination of training on the activities of two proteases with
      alkaline pH-optima (alkaline protease and myofibrillar protease) in the tibialis
      anterior, soleus, and gastrocnemius muscles of male rats. The training on
      treadmill decreased the activities of alkaline and myofibrillar proteases by
      approx. 10-20% in the muscles studied. The activities of both proteases were
      unchanged in swimming-trained rats. Two weeks after the termination of running
      training the activity of alkaline protease was increased in gastrocnemius muscle
      but not in the other muscles. Swimming training increased the activity of citrate
      synthase in all muscles studied but training by running only in the soleus
      muscle. The running protocol increased the activity of beta-glucuronidase in the
      tibialis anterior muscle and decreased the activity in the gastrocnemius muscle.
      The swimming program did not affect beta-glucuronidase activities. These results
      show diverse effects of running and swimming training on alkaline proteolytic
      activities as well as on mitochondrial and lysosomal marker enzymes.

PMID- 6362336
TI  - [The problem of the indigent chronic mental disease patient: a historical
      analysis].
AB  - The history of the treatment of the severely chronically mentally ill since Pinel
      and the French Revolution is reviewed in order to demonstrate that a persistent
      and cyclical pattern of neglect followed by periods of protest and reform, has
      characterized the treatment and management of the chronic patient. The roots of
      the pattern of neglect are many, to understand them a historical and psycho
      dynamic approach is necessary. The roots of neglect are found to be in the
      patients themselves, the therapists, society and the methods of treatment. The
      review of the literature and pertinent research reveal fragmentation and
      incoherencies reminiscent of the psychiatric illness itself. An integrated
      biopsychosocial approach which would give clinical coherence and some conceptual
      clarity is suggested to facilitate clinical work and more research.

PMID- 6362337
TI  - [Non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins. Implications in the pathogenesis and
      metabolic control of diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 6362338
TI  - Residual C-peptide production in type I diabetes mellitus. A comparison of
      different methods of assessment and influence on glucose control.
AB  - The aims of the present study were to compare various methods for assessment of
      residual insulin production and to evaluate its role in the metabolic regulation
      in insulin-dependent, type I diabetes mellitus. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1)
      was used as a measure of the long-term glycemic control. Twenty-eight patients
      with type I diabetes mellitus with onset before the age of 30 and with a duration
      of less than 6 years were studied. C-peptide in plasma in the fasting state,
      after glucagon stimulation, and the 24-hour urinary excretion were measured.
      Fasting plasma C-peptide was detected in 61%, and 39% showed a significant rise
      after glucagon stimulation. The increment correlated negatively with HbA1 (rs = 
      0.57, p less than 0.001), as did the 24-hour urinary excretion (rs = -0.61, p
      less than 0.001). The 16 patients with urinary C-peptide values of at least 1
      nmol had a mean HbA1 of 8.9 +/- 0.3%, as opposed to 11.6 +/- 0.5% for those
      excreting less (p less than 0.001). Measurement of the 24-hour urinary excretion
      of C-peptide provides a reliable method for evaluating residual insulin
      secretion.

PMID- 6362339
TI  - Alveolitis during chrysotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - A patient who developed dry cough and increasing breathlessness during
      chrysotherapy for seropositive rheumatoid arthritis is presented. Chest
      radiograms were repeatedly normal, but there was a moderate decrease in pulmonary
      diffusing capacity. Transbronchial lung biopsy showed alveolitis. No cellular
      immunity to gold salts could be demonstrated in vitro. Pulmonary function
      improved after withdrawal of gold, indicating that chrysotherapy rather than
      systemic rheumatoid disease was the cause of the alveolitis.

PMID- 6362340
TI  - Digoxin and the geriatric in-patient. A randomized trial of digoxin versus
      placebo.
AB  - The effects of oral digoxin and placebo in 41 geriatric in-patients were compared
      using a randomized, double-blind, cross-over method. The patients were in sinus
      rhythm or had atrial fibrillation. The observation period was two months on
      digoxin or placebo. Patients with symptoms of cardiac failure at rest or during
      light physical activity, X-ray signs of pulmonary congestion, proven need of
      digoxin therapy following earlier withdrawal, atrial fibrillation with a
      ventricular rate greater than 95 beats/min and patients in whom digitalis
      intoxication was suspected were excluded from the study. Five (14%) of 37
      patients deteriorated during the placebo phase. Four of these developed rapid
      atrial fibrillation and one patient developed sinus tachycardia and symptoms of
      heart failure.

PMID- 6362341
TI  - Evaluation of once daily hydralazine in inadequately controlled hypertension.
AB  - Despite the short plasma half-life of hydralazine, once daily Slow Apresoline has
      been shown to maintain blood pressure control in well controlled hypertension. In
      the present investigation of 118 inadequately controlled hypertensives, we have
      shown that 50-150 mg Slow Apresoline once daily induces a significant blood
      pressure reduction and is well tolerated. Normotension, i.e. supine diastolic
      blood pressure less than 95 mmHg, was reached in 53% of the patients.
      Normotension or a supine diastolic blood pressure reduction of greater than or
      equal to 10 mmHg was achieved in 72% of the patients, the hydralazine responders.
      Sixteen patients discontinued treatment due to symptoms probably related to
      hydralazine. Acetylator phenotyping showed that slow acetylators predominated in
      the group of patients discontinuing hydralazine due to side-effects. In contrast,
      90% of the phenotyped non-responders were rapid acetylators, which suggests a
      suboptimal use of hydralazine in some rapid acetylators.

PMID- 6362342
TI  - Influence of time and physical activity on blood pressure and heart rate during
      treatment with beta-blocking agents once daily.
AB  - In a cross-over study of 52 middle-aged patients with mild to moderate essential
      hypertension, we have compared the effect and tolerability of 100 mg atenolol and
      100 mg metoprolol given once daily. After 1 1/2 and 3 months of treatment, both
      systolic and diastolic blood pressure 24 hours after drug intake were
      significantly lower on atenolol. There were no significant differences after 3
      months when blood pressure was read 3-4 hours after dose intake. During exercise,
      systolic blood pressure and heart rate were--at all work-loads--significantly
      lower on atenolol. Four patients on metoprolol and one patient on atenolol
      discontinued treatment owing to side-effects. The results support the need for
      thorough analysis of the duration of action and influence of physical activity
      and sympathetic tone in comparisons between presumedly equivalent
      antihypertensive drugs.

PMID- 6362343
TI  - The progress of patients in the European Working Party on Hypertension in the
      Elderly trial.
AB  - 792 hypertensive patients above the age of 60 have entered the double-blind
      multicentre trial of the European Working Party on High blood pressure in the
      Elderly (EWPHE). Half were treated with hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene and
      half were given placebo and a second capsule was given and if necessary up to 2 g
      of methyldopa/day. The measurements in a sample of 157 patients suggested 80-86%
      compliance rate. A significant blood pressure difference of 25/10 mm Hg was
      obtained between the groups and maintained during five years of follow-up. The
      increase in serum creatinine found in the actively treated group was related to
      the decrease in sitting systolic blood pressure. Changes in serum uric acid
      correlated with changes in serum creatinine both in the placebo and in the
      actively treated group. Fasting blood glucose changed significantly in the active
      treatment group. The balance between this decreased risk on the basis of the
      blood pressure reduction and the increase produced by the rise in blood glucose
      and the other treatment effects remains to be determined. The trial continues and
      more patients are being admitted.

PMID- 6362344
TI  - A trial of treatment of hypertension in the elderly in general practice.

PMID- 6362345
TI  - The prevalence of secondary hypertension in elderly hypertensive patients.

PMID- 6362346
TI  - Withdrawal of antihypertensive drugs in the elderly.

PMID- 6362347
TI  - Age and the renin-angiotensin system.

PMID- 6362348
TI  - Influence of hypotensive drug treatment on morbidity and mortality in elderly
      hypertensives - review of the published trials.

PMID- 6362349
TI  - [Effect of SAM in alcoholic patients].

PMID- 6362350
TI  - [Development of psychiatry in Spain. Historical and cultural aspects].

PMID- 6362351
TI  - [Rare and asymptomatic complication of pyelopyelic anastomosis in a renal
      transplant resolved spontaneously].

PMID- 6362352
TI  - [Temporary rehabilitation with a partial denture. Clinical applications].

PMID- 6362353
TI  - [Anterior guidance in fixed prosthetics].

PMID- 6362354
TI  - [A clinical case of retention using bonded splints with prosthetic restorations].

PMID- 6362355
TI  - [Relaxation and hypnosis: "roots and caries"].

PMID- 6362357
TI  - The forty-year-old mutation theory of Luria and Delbruck and its pertinence to
      cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 6362356
TI  - Breast carcinoma etiological factors.

PMID- 6362358
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry of biologically
      important neuropeptides.

PMID- 6362359
TI  - The genetics of blood coagulation.

PMID- 6362360
TI  - Mutations affecting trace elements in humans and animals. A genetic approach to
      an understanding of trace elements.

PMID- 6362361
TI  - Phenylketonuria and its variants.

PMID- 6362362
TI  - Marker (X)-linked mental retardation.

PMID- 6362363
TI  - Sternorrhynchous vectors of plant viruses: virus-vector interactions and
      transmission mechanisms.

PMID- 6362364
TI  - Granulosis viruses, with emphasis on the GV of the Indian meal moth, Plodia
      interpunctella.
AB  - The granulosis viruses and nuclear polyhedrosis viruses are being considered for
      use as biological insecticides for control of their insect hosts. Many of these
      insect species, which include some of the most serious pests of agriculture and
      forests, have become difficult to control because they have developed resistance
      to chemical insecticides. Several laboratory and field studies have demonstrated
      that the baculoviruses (GV and NPV) are promising alternatives to chemicals for
      the control of economically important insects. These viruses are highly virulent,
      selective, and stable, and the impact on the environment following their
      application is minimal. A decision concerning the application of baculoviruses to
      stored grain and field crops must be based upon a prudent consideration of the
      benefits to be obtained and the potential risks of their use. Such decisions
      should be made only after consideration of the physical, chemical, and biological
      properties of these viruses. In addition, methods must be developed for the
      unequivocal identification of these viruses, and their effects on nontarget
      species at the cellular and molecular levels must be investigated. This can best
      be accomplished if a sufficient body of knowledge regarding the molecular
      properties of these viruses and their infection process is accumulated by an
      extensive quantitative approach. Much of this knowledge is lacking because, prior
      to their consideration for use as insecticides, the baculoviruses appeared to
      have little medical or economic importance. As a result, interest in studying
      them was limited. It has become obvious that the molecular properties of these
      viruses must be investigated if full advantage is to be taken of using them as
      insect control agents, and if present and future problems concerning their use as
      insecticides are to be handled properly. Fundamental research on the biochemical
      and biophysical properties of baculoviruses has concentrated mainly on a variety
      of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (Harrap, 1972a,b; Harrap et al., 1977; Summers
      and Smith, 1975a,b; Arif and Brown, 1975). Much of this progress can be
      attributed to tissue culture-host cell systems available for the NPVs. The in
      vitro host system(s) has allowed insect virologists to make phenomenal strides in
      understanding the cellular and molecular events of virus infection, and, in
      addition, to enter the era of biochemical sophistication in which animal virology
      is found at present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6362365
TI  - Virus structure: high-resolution perspectives.

PMID- 6362366
TI  - Viroids.

PMID- 6362368
TI  - The effects of procaine/haematoporphyrin on age-related decline: a double-blind
      trial.
AB  - A randomized, double-blind study of procaine/haematoporphyrin (KH3) has been
      carried out over two years in a selected population of healthy elderly subjects.
      The period of study exceeds 500 patient years. The trial population was weighted
      to contain a larger proportion of subjects aged over 75 years than a standard
      population; those receiving active KH3 had similar characteristics on entry to
      those receiving placebo. Over the course of two years, KH3 was shown to be an
      active substance in that: (a) decrement in the consolidation of new learning was
      prevented in the treatment group (less than 1.0%, as against 38% in the placebo
      group); (b) the prevalence of incontinence increased significantly in the placebo
      group, but not in the active group (P less than 0.05); (c) there was a
      significant increase in grip strength in the active treatment group (+22%, P less
      than 0.01 v. placebo); (d) more adverse reactions were observed on treatment with
      KH3 (P less than 0.005).

PMID- 6362367
TI  - The molecular biology of coronaviruses.

PMID- 6362369
TI  - [Wound healing of the corneal endothelium in the bullous keratopathy after
      keratoplasty].

PMID- 6362370
TI  - The F38-like group, a new group of caprine mycoplasmas?

PMID- 6362371
TI  - A tribute to Sven-Ivar Seldinger.

PMID- 6362372
TI  - CT of acquired cystic kidney disease and renal tumors in long-term dialysis
      patients.
AB  - The kidneys of long-term dialysis patients frequently demonstrate multiple small
      acquired cysts and renal cell tumors on pathologic examination. The original
      kidneys of 30 long-term dialysis patients and six renal transplant patients were
      evaluated by computed tomography to determine the incidence of these
      abnormalities. Among dialysis patients, 43.3% had diffuse bilateral cysts, while
      16.7% had occasional cysts (fewer than five per kidney), and 40% showed no renal
      cysts. Seven solid renal tumors were detected in four dialysis patients with
      renal cysts. Acquired cystic kidney disease tends to result in renal enlargement,
      is more common in patients who have been maintained on dialysis for prolonged
      periods, and may lead to spontaneous renal hemorrhage. The six transplant
      patients showed no evidence of renal cysts, and all had markedly shrunken
      kidneys. Acquired cystic disease and renal cell tumors in the original kidneys of
      dialysis patients may be due to biologically active substances that are not
      cleared effectively by dialysis but that are removed by normally functioning
      transplant kidneys.

PMID- 6362373
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography with an Isocon camera system: clinical
      applications.
AB  - A new imaging system for digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was evaluated in
      30 clinical studies. The image receptor is a 25 X 25 cm, 12 par gadolinium
      oxysulfate rare-earth screen whose light output is focused to a low-light-level
      Isocon camera. The video signal is digitized and processed by an image-array
      processor containing 31 512 X 512 memories 8 bits deep. In most patients,
      intraarterial DSA studies were done in conjunction with conventional
      arteriography. In these arterial studies, images adequate to make a specific
      diagnosis were obtained using half the radiation dose and half the amount of
      contrast material needed for conventional angiography. In eight intravenous
      studies performed either to identify renal artery stenosis or for evaluation of
      congenital heart anomalies, the images were diagnostic but objectionably noisy.

PMID- 6362374
TI  - Sven-Ivar Seldinger: biography and bibliography.

PMID- 6362375
TI  - The Seldinger technique. Reprint from Acta Radiologica 1953.

PMID- 6362376
TI  - Testimonials to Seldinger.

PMID- 6362377
TI  - CT of abdominal lymphoma after renal transplantation.
AB  - Six patients aged 33-68 years developed posttransplant lymphoma of the abdomen an
      average of 105 months after successful renal transplantation. On computed
      tomography (CT), five lymphomas presented as bulky masses in intra- (four) or
      retroperitoneal (one) location. Infiltrative growth into transplanted kidney
      (three), colon (two), and retroperitoneum (one) resulted in poorly defined
      margins on CT. Central areas of lower attenuation presumably reflected tumor
      necrosis. Metastatic deposits in liver (two) and renal transplant (one) were of a
      focal nature. Prompt radiologic recognition of this serious late complication of
      renal transplantation is crucial.

PMID- 6362378
TI  - The bilateral effect of theophylline on immune response mechanisms.
AB  - The effect of sodium-8-chlorotheophyllinate (S8CT) on transplantation immunity
      and on PHA-reactivity of thymocytes in transformation experiments was studied.
      S8CT rather stimulated first graft reaction whereas 'second set' reaction is
      clearly inhibited. Analogous experiments with the adoptive transfer of
      transplantation immunity showed comparable results. Thymocytes of S8CT treated
      and once grafted mice had no significant effect compared with cells from non
      treated animals. In contrast, an inhibition was seen if thymocytes of twice
      grafted and S8CT treated mice were taken. The PHA-P reactivity of thymocytes was
      clearly enhanced if cell donors were grafted once and treated with S8CT. Here
      again, the PHA-P reactivity was inhibited if the cell donors were grafted twice
      and treated during second transplantation. Comparable results were obtained, when
      instead of transplantation animals were injected with PHA.

PMID- 6362379
TI  - Modifying factors on phagocytosis of polymorphonuclear allergic subjects.
AB  - Supernatants from pollen-activated cultures of mononuclear (MN) cells obtained
      from two subjects allergic to gramineae pollen were tested for their effect on
      phagocytic activity of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN). An enhancement
      of phagocytosis was observed. Similarly prepared supernatants from MN cells of
      non-allergic control subjects did not affect PMN phagocytic activity. On the
      basis of these findings it is suggested that in the presence of allergen,
      cultures of MN cells from pollen-sensitized subjects produce a substance that
      stimulates PMN phagocytic activity. The direct effect of pollen on PMN was also
      studied. The allergen caused an inhibition of phagocytosis by PMN from allergic
      subjects. Pollen had no effect on phagocytosis by PMN from non-allergic control
      subjects.

PMID- 6362380
TI  - The electrophysiologic characteristics of the transplanted human heart.
AB  - The electrophysiologic characteristics of the denervated human heart were
      assessed in 14 cardiac transplant recipients. Conduction intervals and refractory
      periods were measured at pacing cycle lengths of 500 msec and 400 msec. The
      faster pacing rate caused lengthening of the AH interval (83 +/- 23 msec to 116
      +/- 41 msec, p less than 0.01) and shortening of the QT (338 +/- 27 msec to 313
      +/- 22 msec, p less than 0.001) and JT (249 +/- 21 msec to 229 +/- 19 msec, p
      less than 0.001) intervals. There was no change in the SA, HV, or QRS durations.
      Wenckebach periodicity occurred at a longer cycle length in the retrograde than
      in the anterograde direction (409 +/- 96 msec vs 318 +/- 46 msec, p less than
      0.01) and anterograde conduction was better than retrograde conduction in 13 of
      the 14 patients (93%). Increasing pacing cycle length resulted in shortening of
      the atrial effective (203 +/- 28 msec to 190 +/- 25 msec, p less than 0.001),
      ventricular effective (224 +/- 18 msec to 211 +/- 17 msec, p less than 0.01), and
      AV nodal functional (367 +/- 38 msec to 357 +/- 36 msec, NS) refractory periods.
      The AV nodal effective refractory period lengthened (294 +/- 31 msec to 314 +/-
      52 msec, p less than 0.05). There was a close correlation between AV Wenckebach
      cycle length and the functional refractory period of the AV node (r = 0.853, p
      less than 0.001). These results are qualitatively and quantitatively similar to
      those reported in the innervated heart. The autonomic nervous system appears to
      have little influence on the resting electrophysiologic characteristics of the
      atrioventricular conduction system in the innervated heart.

PMID- 6362381
TI  - Plasma renin substrate, renin activity, and aldosterone levels in a sample of
      oral contraceptive users from a community survey.
AB  - Fasting plasma renin substrate (PRS), plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma
      aldosterone (PA), and blood pressure (BP) levels were measured from 212
      apparently healthy normotensive nonpregnant white women aged 21 to 39 years,
      selected on the basis of oral contraceptive (OC) use of nonuse in 1976 following
      a community survey in East Boston. The mean PRS level was 7118 ng/dl among OC
      users and 1935 ng/dl among nonusers (p less than 0.0001). In contrast, mean PRA
      was 2.9 ng of angiotensin 1 per milliliter per hour among users and 3.0 ng of
      angiotensin l/ml/hr among nonusers (p = NS); mean PA levels were 26.2 ng/dl and
      25.4 ng/dl, respectively (p = NS). Mean systolic BPs were 113.8 mm Hg among
      current OC users and 111.2 mm Hg among nonusers (p = 0.078); diastolic BPs were
      68.5 and 68.9, respectively (p = NS). These data indicate a greater than three
      fold increase in PRS among current OC users compared to nonusers, with virtually
      identical PRA and PA levels. The data indicate that normotensive women using OCs
      maintain normal PRA and PA levels despite marked elevations in PRS.

PMID- 6362382
TI  - Comparison of patients with ischemic, myopathic, and rheumatic heart diseases as
      cardiac transplant recipients.
AB  - Fifty-four human-to-human cardiac transplants (10 orthotopic and 44 heterotopic)
      in 50 patients were performed between December, 1967, and December, 1981. The
      underlying cardiac pathology was ischemic (IHD) in 29, cardiomyopathic (CM) in
      17, rheumatic (RHD) in four, and mixed or other pathology in four. Patients with
      RHD survived for a mean period over three times as long as those with either CM
      (p less than 0.02) or IHD (p less than 0.05). Although CM patients were on
      average over a decade younger than those in other groups, they had a lower
      survival rate. There was a higher incidence of death from chronic rejection in
      patients with IHD, in whom there was also a higher incidence of thromboembolic
      episodes. Major infections were over twice as frequent in IHD patients as in CM
      patients (p less than 0.01). Noncompliance with regard to adherence to
      instructions and therapy was a significant factor in morbidity and mortality,
      especially in CM patients. Our data suggest that survival and morbidity of
      recipients of heart transplants might be influenced to some extent by the nature
      of the underlying primary cardiac condition, RHD being considered a favorable
      survival factor when compared with IHD, and CM being particularly unfavorable.

PMID- 6362383
TI  - Improved exercise tolerance after propranolol, diltiazem or nifedipine in angina
      pectoris: comparison at 1, 3 and 8 hours and correlation with plasma drug
      concentration.
AB  - Exercise tolerance 1, 3 and 8 hours after 80 mg of propranolol, 120 mg of
      diltiazem and 20 mg of nifedipine, and after 20 minutes of 0.6 mg of sublingual
      nitroglycerin were compared with placebo in 15 men who had chronic stable angina
      pectoris. Three hours after drug ingestion, the exercise time was prolonged by 72
      +/- 26, 162 +/- 27 and 161 +/- 30 seconds (p less than 0.05) for propranolol,
      diltiazem and nifedipine, respectively, and by 123 +/- 35 seconds (p less than
      0.001) 20 minutes after sublingual nitroglycerin compared with placebo. The onset
      of ST-segment depression greater than or equal to 0.1 mV was delayed by 120 +/-
      34, 203 +/- 29 and 189 +/- 35 seconds (p less than 0.05) and by 79 +/- 23 seconds
      (p less than 0.05), respectively. After propranolol, the peak rate-pressure
      product decreased compared with placebo (15.1 +/- 1.1 U [10(-3)] vs 20.0 +/- 1.5
      U, p less than 0.01). In contrast, the peak rate-pressure product was greater
      after diltiazem and nifedipine than after placebo (22.2 +/- 1.3 U [p less than
      0.05] and 23.8 +/- 1.4 U [p less than 0.01]). The maximal increase in exercise
      tolerance was most marked for each drug at 3 hours, but was also significant at 1
      hour for nifedipine and at 8 hours for diltiazem. At 3 hours, an increase in
      exercise time of more than 2 minutes was observed in 4 of 6 patients who had
      plasma propranolol concentrations greater than 40 ng/ml, 8 of 9 who had a plasma
      diltiazem concentration greater than 150 ng/ml, and in 7 of 7 who had a plasma
      nifedipine concentration greater than 90 ng/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6362384
TI  - Enhancement of renal venous renin ratios by intravenous hydralazine in
      renovascular hypertension.
AB  - Renal venous renin (RVR) studies were done in 34 patients with moderate-to-severe
      hypertension before (unstimulated) and after (15- and 30-minute samples) a 20-mg
      bolus of i.v. hydralazine. The unstimulated lateralizing ratio of
      angiographically abnormal kidney or ipsilateral (I) to contralateral (C) RVR of
      greater than or equal to 1.5 was found in 69%, and the unstimulated ratio of I
      inferior vena cava (IVC) renin below renal veins (I-IVC)/IVC (index of reduced
      renal blood flow) of greater than or equal to 0.48 was present in 50% of 16
      patients (10 unilateral and 6 bilateral renal artery stenosis). The I/C and I
      IVC/IVC ratios were abnormal in 100% and 88%, respectively, in 1 or both of the
      posthydralazine sampling in these patients. Hydralazine increased the absolute
      RVR from the ischemic kidney more than the contralateral kidney and did not
      result in new false-negative or positive I/C ratios. It is concluded that
      hydralazine stimulation of RVR is a safe and reliable way to determine the
      functionally significant pressor kidney in renovascular hypertension.

PMID- 6362385
TI  - Characteristics and outcome of medical nonadherers in the Veterans Administration
      Cooperative Study of Coronary Artery Surgery.
AB  - During a 7-year follow-up period in the Veterans Administration Study of Bypass
      Surgery, 75 (24%) of 311 medically assigned patients without left main disease
      "crossed over" to surgical treatment. Nineteen baseline, clinical,
      electrocardiographic and angiographic characteristics of the 75 crossover
      patients were compared with those of the 236 patients who adhered to medical
      treatment. At entry into the study, the crossover group contained more patients
      with severe angina than did the medical adherers group (p less than 0.05) and
      fewer patients with electrocardiographic evidence of previous myocardial
      infarction (p less than 0.05). Other entry characteristics were similar in
      distribution among those in the medical-adherer and crossover groups. The 2 major
      reasons for crossover were persistence or progression of angina, which occurred
      in 43 and 37% of the 75 crossover patients, respectively. There was no relation
      between progression of symptoms and angiographic progression of coronary
      narrowing. Thus, crossover was not determined by more severe coronary narrowing,
      but was associated with more severe symptoms and a lower incidence of infarction.
      The medically randomized patients who later underwent surgery (medical
      "nonadherers") experienced the same relief of angina 1 year after surgery as did
      the surgically randomized patients who initially received surgery (surgical
      "adherers"); however, their overall 7-year survival was lower (77% for medical
      nonadherers vs 83% for surgical adherers; difference not significant).

PMID- 6362386
TI  - Bepridil for chronic stable angina pectoris: results of a prospective
      multicenter, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study in 77 patients.
AB  - Bepridil, a new calcium-channel blocking agent with an extended plasma
      elimination half-life of greater than 50 hours, was compared to placebo in 77
      patients with confirmed coronary artery disease and chronic stable angina
      pectoris. The effects of bepridil were compared with those of placebo on angina
      frequency, nitroglycerin tablet use, the resting ECG and hemodynamics at rest and
      maximal exercise using a study design comprising 5 sequential 2-week single-blind
      treatment phases. After 2 weeks of placebo (phase 1), bepridil was given for 3
      phases (2, 3 and 4) at total daily dosages of 200, 300 and 400 mg, respectively;
      the study was completed after a final reintroduction of placebo (phase 5). Within
      each phase once- and twice-daily regimens of bepridil were randomly compared.
      Bepridil (300 mg/day) reduced anginal frequency 68%, from 8.5 +/- 1.1 (standard
      error of the mean) to 2.7 +/- 0.7 attacks/week and nitroglycerin tablet use 76%
      (p less than 0.001). Bepridil improved exercise duration 26%, from 6.9 +/- 0.4 to
      8.7 +/- 0.5 minutes (p less than 0.001) and exercise work 52%, from 2.7 +/- 0.3
      to 4.1 +/- 0.4 kpm X 10(-3) (p less than 0.001) on a standardized treadmill
      protocol. Resting and peak exercise heart rate and blood pressure were unaffected
      by bepridil. The antianginal effects were similar with either once- or twice
      daily treatment schedules. Minor side effects of nausea, epigastric discomfort
      and tremor were infrequent and there were no major side effects. The results of
      this large but preliminary, single-blind and short-term study suggest that
      bepridil is an effective and well tolerated antianginal agent when administered
      once daily.

PMID- 6362387
TI  - A controlled trial of propafenone for treatment of frequent and repetitive
      ventricular premature complexes.
AB  - The effectiveness of oral propafenone was evaluated for the treatment of
      ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) in 12 patients, using a single-blind, dose
      ranging trial followed by a double-blind comparison with placebo, and then an
      open-label, long-term protocol. During dose ranging, 8 of 12 patients achieved
      greater than or equal to 80% suppression of total VPCs (mean 83%) (p less than
      0.01 vs single-blind placebo). Paired VPCs were suppressed greater than or equal
      to 90% and ventricular tachycardia was eliminated in 11 of the 12 patients (p
      less than 0.01). The effectiveness of propafenone for treatment of VPCs was
      confirmed during the double-blind trial (p less than 0.05 vs double-blind
      placebo) and during treatment for 6 months (p less than 0.05 vs initial single
      blind placebo). Propafenone prolonged the PR interval by 16% (p less than 0.01 vs
      single-blind placebo) and the QRS interval by 18% (p less than 0.001). Left
      ventricular systolic performance decreased as assessed by 2-dimensional
      echocardiography (p less than 0.01 vs single-blind placebo). Propafenone
      increased serum digoxin levels in 5 of 5 patients (mean increase of 83%). Side
      effects included exacerbation of congestive heart failure (1 patient) and
      conduction abnormalities (2 patients). Thus, propafenone is effective for
      treatment of total and repetitive VPCs. Although generally well tolerated, the
      drug reduces left ventricular systolic function and atrioventricular conduction
      and increases serum digoxin levels.

PMID- 6362388
TI  - Efficacy of mexiletine in chronic ventricular arrhythmias compared with
      quinidine: a single-blind, randomized trial.
AB  - This single-blind, randomized study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and
      safety of oral mexiletine compared with oral quinidine in suppressing premature
      ventricular contractions (PVCs). Fifty-one patients were studied for less than or
      equal to 12 weeks; 26 patients were randomized to the mexiletine group and 25 to
      the quinidine group. The drugs were administered in an increasing dose regimen to
      suppress the PVCs by 70% from the baseline value in both groups. Mexiletine
      reduced the average number of PVCs by 70% of the baseline number in a comparable
      fashion to quinidine; 69% in the mexiletine group vs 70% in the quinidine group
      (p greater than 0.05). There was a comparable reduction (greater than or equal to
      50%) of ventricular couplets from the baseline value in the 2 groups, 78% in the
      mexiletine group vs 86% in the quinidine group (p greater than 0.05). The effect
      of mexiletine on suppression of ventricular tachycardia was also similar, 72% in
      the mexiletine group vs 71% in the quinidine group (p greater than 0.05). There
      was no significant difference in the 2 groups in side effects. This study shows
      the comparable efficacy and tolerance of mexiletine and quinidine for the control
      of ventricular arrhythmias in a large number of patients with diverse forms of
      heart diseases.

PMID- 6362389
TI  - Effects of intravenous and oral disopyramide on paroxysmal atrioventricular nodal
      tachycardia.
AB  - The effect of intravenous and oral disopyramide on the mechanisms of the
      arrhythmia were studied in 11 patients with the common type of atrioventricular
      (AV) nodal paroxysmal reentrant tachycardia. Programmed electric stimulation of
      the heart was used to initiate and terminate tachycardia and to evaluate the
      effect of disopyramide on mode of initiation and termination of tachycardia.
      Disopyramide was given intravenously to all patients during tachycardia. This
      resulted in termination of tachycardia, by block in the anterograde slow pathway
      in 1 and in the retrograde fast pathway in 3 patients. In all 4 patients,
      reinitiation of tachycardia was no longer possible. In these 4 patients, oral
      disopyramide prevented spontaneous and pacing-induced AV nodal tachycardia. In 4
      of the remaining 7 patients in whom tachycardia was not terminated by intravenous
      disopyramide, reinitiation of the arrhythmia during programmed stimulation was
      prevented by the drug. In these 4 patients, oral disopyramide was also effective
      in preventing spontaneous occurrence of tachycardia. In 3 patients, tachycardia
      was not terminated and its reinitiation was not prevented by intravenous
      disopyramide. Only 1 of these 3 patients received disopyramide by mouth, and it
      failed to prevent reinitiation and spontaneous tachycardia. In conclusion,
      disopyramide is an effective drug in patients with AV nodal paroxysmal reentrant
      tachycardia. A good correlation was found between intravenous and oral effect of
      disopyramide on the mechanisms of the arrhythmia. The study of the effect of
      intravenous disopyramide predicted the outcome of oral disopyramide therapy.

PMID- 6362390
TI  - Utility of studies measuring glucose and insulin responses to various
      carbohydrate-containing foods.

PMID- 6362392
TI  - Recent developments in clinical acupuncture.
AB  - Recent developments in the field of clinical acupuncture in the USA and worldwide
      are reviewed. The discovery of beta-endorphin in support of acupuncture pain
      relief is discussed. Other neurotransmitters in relation to the mechanism of
      action of acupuncture are examined. The uses of acupuncture in treating
      functional disorders are listed and discussed. Supporting evidence from animal
      experimentation is examined. The electro-acupuncture according to Voll (EAV)
      system is introduced as a means to standardize the therapeutic effectiveness of
      acupuncture. With standardization of the therapeutic effectiveness of this
      procedure, the author sees acupuncture as a simple, economical and effective
      treatment modality.

PMID- 6362391
TI  - Malnutrition is a determining factor in diarrheal duration, but not incidence,
      among young children in a longitudinal study in rural Bangladesh.
AB  - Diarrhea and malnutrition are common in young children in developing countries
      and a reciprocal relationship has been postulated with diarrhea leading to
      malnutrition and malnutrition predisposing to diarrhea. To investigate the
      importance of malnutrition as a determining factor in diarrheal illnesses, data
      were analyzed from a longitudinal community-based study done in rural Bangladesh.
      Children classified by nutritional status according to a variety of
      anthropometric indicators were prospectively evaluated for incidence, duration,
      and etiology of diarrhea. Children with low weight for length had longer
      durations of diarrhea than better nourished children; however, children of
      differing nutritional status had similar diarrheal incidences. The duration of
      diarrhea, including that associated with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and
      Shigella, increased progressively as nutritional status indicators worsened.
      These results suggest that nutritional interventions alone are unlikely to reduce
      the high incidence of diarrhea, but that efforts to improve nutritional status
      may have a beneficial effect on the duration of diarrhea and its unfavorable
      nutritional consequences.

PMID- 6362393
TI  - Clinical laboratory evaluation of a bacteriuria detection device for urine
      screening.
AB  - The BAC-T-SCREEN (BTS) (Marion Laboratories, Inc., Kansas City, MO) is a 2 1/2
      minute urine screen designed to detect culture-negative specimens. A total of
      1,609 urine specimens were tested by the BTS, and results were compared with
      quantitative culture methods. One hundred and forty-eight (9.2%) specimens were
      not screened successfully by the BTS because they contained interfering pigments
      or clogged the test filters. A total of 1,461 specimens were tested successfully.
      The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive
      value for specimens containing greater than or equal to 10(5) CFU/mL were 98.0,
      72.2, 57.3, and 99.0%, respectively. These values for specimens containing
      greater than or equal to 10(4) CFU/mL were 93.2, 77.2, 69.2, and 95.5%,
      respectively.

PMID- 6362394
TI  - A simplified micro ELISA procedure for the measurement of platelet-associated IgG
      (PAIgG).
AB  - A simplified micro ELISA procedure to measure platelet-associated IgG is
      described. The platelet-bound IgG first is extracted into the fluid phase by
      solubilizing washed platelets in 0.1% triton X-100. The solubilized IgG in the
      extract and IgG standards are incubated in microtiter wells previously coated
      with antihuman IgG. The IgG in the standards and extract bind to the solid phase
      antihuman IgG. The bound IgG then is measured by the addition of peroxidase
      labeled antihuman IgG and appropriate substrate. With this method platelets from
      normal controls were found to have 1.7 +/- 0.6 fg IgG/platelet (mean +/- SD).
      Platelets from patients with ATP had values that were two to seven times the
      control values. The relative advantage of this technic is discussed.

PMID- 6362395
TI  - Sequential CK and LD isoenzyme interpretation by microcomputer.
AB  - A microcomputer program for rapidly interpreting and reporting sequential
      creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes written in BASIC is
      described. The program uses a combination of algorithmic logic and matrix
      searching functions, correlates abnormalities from up to three patient samples,
      and arrives at a pattern diagnosis. Program execution is simple and has proved
      reliable in 1,000 samples from a large university hospital and a medium-sized
      community hospital.

PMID- 6362396
TI  - Starting insulin therapy in children with newly diagnosed diabetes: an outpatient
      approach.

PMID- 6362397
TI  - Riboflavin, self-report, and serum norethindrone. Comparison of their use as
      indicators of adolescent compliance with oral contraceptives.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to test the reliability of using the tablet marker,
      riboflavin, as an indicator of adolescent compliance with oral contraceptives, as
      compared with self-reports and more costly quantitative determinations of serum
      norethindrone levels. In a pilot study, a total of 31 urine samples were obtained
      from 11 subjects, aged 14 to 18 years. A follow-up study was conducted on 26
      girls, aged 14 to 19 years, who were randomly selected from an ongoing study of
      oral contraceptive compliance. Subjects were given an oral contraceptive (Ortho
      Novum 1/35), combined with 28 mg of riboflavin. In both studies, urinary
      fluorescence tests for riboflavin and self-reports were found to be significantly
      associated. In the follow-up study, both self-reports and urinary fluorescence
      tests were significantly associated with serum norethindrone levels. When the
      urinary fluorescence test agreed with self-report, compliance or noncompliance
      was confirmed by serum norethindrone levels in 90% of the cases. The findings
      suggest that riboflavin, combined with self-report, can be used as an accurate
      and cost-effective indicator of adolescent compliance with oral contraceptives.

PMID- 6362398
TI  - Childhood household safety. An overview.

PMID- 6362399
TI  - Picture of the month. Lipomeningocele.

PMID- 6362401
TI  - Choriocarcinoma of the colon.
AB  - Primary choriocarcinoma of the colon is exceedingly rare. Only two cases have
      been previously reported, both located in the sigmoid colon. A case of
      choriocarcinoma arising in association with adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon
      (cecum) in a 35-year-old woman is described. Immunoperoxidase staining showed
      beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin to be present in the choriocarcinomatous
      portion of the primary tumor and in the metastases. Theories concerning the
      histogenesis of this rare neoplasma are briefly reviewed.

PMID- 6362400
TI  - Primary gastric lymphoma: a review.

PMID- 6362402
TI  - Pyogenic liver abscess: new concepts of an old disease.
AB  - Early recognition of pyogenic liver abscess requires a high index of suspicion.
      The abrupt onset of hectic fevers and jaundice is rarely seen today; instead, an
      insidious progression of malaise, abdominal pain, and night sweats is more
      common. Biliary tract disease is the most frequent underlying disorder. An
      elevated alkaline phosphatase is a useful clue to the condition, but diagnosis
      depends on imaging of an abscess cavity followed by aspiration. Treatment
      involves antibiotics together with drainage, which can often be performed
      successfully by a nonsurgical percutaneous approach. However, prognosis continues
      to be poor unless the diagnosis is made promptly.

PMID- 6362403
TI  - Smoking and estrogen-related disease.

PMID- 6362404
TI  - Adult hemolytic-uremic syndrome: successful treatment with plasmapheresis.
AB  - Two adult patients with the hemolytic-uremic syndrome were treated successfully
      with intense plasma exchange. One patient had recurrent episodes and, with each
      relapse, both their thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure were reversed with
      plasma exchange therapy alone. These cases demonstrate the useful role of plasma
      exchange in the therapy of severe idiopathic hemolytic-uremic syndrome in adults.

PMID- 6362405
TI  - Pathogenesis of the joint disease of rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The articular inflammation and joint destruction that characterizes rheumatoid
      arthritis is the result of a complex interaction between cellular elements--that
      is, inflammatory cells, immunologically competent cells, synovial lining cells-
      and their soluble byproducts. An understanding of these events must serve as the
      basis for rational treatment of the disease in the absence of knowledge about the
      inciting agent.

PMID- 6362406
TI  - Antimalarial drugs for rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine effectively suppress rheumatoid arthritis with
      a superior benefit to risk ratio. Controlled studies demonstrate moderate
      efficacy in about 70 percent of patients. High-grade suppression is seen in 15
      percent and partial suppression in 55 percent. The dropout rate for poor efficacy
      is 30 percent and for side effects 3 to 7 percent. Most studies show
      antimalarials to be almost equivalent to chrysotherapy in potency. Antimalarials
      are indicated for active rheumatoid arthritis not optimally controlled with
      nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and for all cases of progressive disease.
      Therapy is continued indefinitely. Safe use of these drugs depends on daily
      dosage. With the single exception of late stage retinopathy, other adverse
      effects are fully reversible. Strict adherence to three tested safety rules
      virtually eliminates retinopathy and prevents loss of vision: (1) limit the daily
      dosage: chloroquine 3.5 to 4.0 mg/kg per day or hydroxychloroquine 6.0 to 6.5
      mg/kg per day based on lean body weight; (2) subject the patient to an annual
      ocular examination to age 65, twice annually thereafter; (3) adjust treatment for
      pharmacokinetic variables. The lower risk and nearly comparable efficacy make
      antimalarials first choice among remittive drugs.

PMID- 6362407
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis: relationship with HLA-D.
AB  - Understanding of the genetic component of rheumatoid arthritis has been greatly
      enhanced by the discovery of the association of risk for development of this
      disease with certain histocompatibility antigens. The HLA-D region, at the
      centromeric end of the HLA gene complex, on the short arm of chromosome number 6,
      is concerned with important functions in the regulation of the immune response.
      The products of the HLA-D region (DR, SB, MT, and the like) function as
      "restriction elements" for antigen presentation, mediators of immune response and
      immune suppressor genes, stimulators of graft rejection, and of other allogenic
      effects. Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with Dw4 and DR4 in Caucasians. The
      association with DR4 has been observed also in Blacks and Orientals. HLA-DR4 is
      associated with more severe, rheumatoid factor-positive disease. Clinical and
      genetic heterogeneity has been revealed by studies of patients with juvenile
      arthritis. Conditions often associated with rheumatoid arthritis and also thought
      to have an immunologic basis, such as Sjogren's syndrome, Felty's syndrome, and
      rheumatoid vasculitis, and reactions to medications, such as gold and
      penicillamine, reveal an interesting spectrum of immunogenetic relationships.
      Thus, HLA studies have shed light on the classification of patients with
      rheumatoid diseases. In view of the role of HLA-D in the immune response, these
      studies are expected to further our understanding of the mechanism underlying
      predisposition for development of rheumatoid arthritis and related conditions.

PMID- 6362408
TI  - Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. Possible transmission to humans by consumption of wild
      animal brains.
AB  - Although the natural mode of spread of the agent responsible for Creutzfeldt
      Jakob disease is unknown, several reports suggest oral transmission through
      consumption of contaminated food or brain. This report summarizes four cases of
      Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in which a history of eating the brains of wild goat or
      squirrel was obtained. These cases support the hypothesis of possible acquisition
      of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease by ingestion of the agent from a presumptive
      reservoir in the central nervous system of wild animals.

PMID- 6362409
TI  - Clotrimazole treatment of oral candidiasis in patients with neoplastic disease.
AB  - A double-blind controlled study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of
      clotrimazole in the treatment of oral candidiasis in patients with neoplastic
      disease. Six of seven patients who received clotrimazole had resolution of
      symptoms and signs of oral candidiasis. In five of six patients who received
      placebo, clinical progression of signs and symptoms occurred, esophagitis
      developed, and amphotericin B therapy had to be given. No toxicity was observed
      that could be attributed to clotrimazole. The results were statistically
      significant (p = 0.025 by Fisher's exact test). Clotrimazole is effective therapy
      for oral candidiasis in patients with neoplastic disease, and may prevent the
      development of esophagitis.

PMID- 6362410
TI  - The Virginia Racial Integrity Act revisited: the Plecker-Laughlin correspondence:
      1928-1930.
AB  - Correspondence between Walter Ashby Plecker, Virginia State Registrar of Vital
      Statistics between 1912 and 1938, and Harry Hamilton Laughlin, Superintendent of
      the Eugenics Record Office at Cold Spring Harbor between 1910 and 1939, provides
      evidence of efforts to enforce the Virginia Racial Integrity Act of 1924. After
      antimiscegenation policy is placed in a historical context, excerpts from the
      letters are offered to demonstrate the zeal with which one state official pursued
      this "eugenic" policy.

PMID- 6362411
TI  - Review: the cerebrohepatorenal syndrome of Zellweger, morphologic and metabolic
      aspects.
AB  - The cerebrohepatorenal syndrome of Zellweger (CHRS) is remarkable not only for a
      distinctive combination of congenital anomalies, but also for an unusual variety
      of profound metabolic disturbances. After a discussion of the clinical diagnosis
      of CHRS, abnormalities in the metabolism of peroxisomes, mitochondria, iron,
      pipecolic acid, glycogen, bile acids, and organic acids are discussed and related
      to the clinical and other biochemical findings in the syndrome. Attention is also
      drawn to syndromes with biochemical or clinical abnormalities similar to those of
      CHRS. Although the biochemical findings indicate major abnormalities in oxidative
      metabolism, the primary defect remains obscure.

PMID- 6362412
TI  - Phenotypic heterogeneity in neural tube defects: a clue to causal heterogeneity.
AB  - We report here retrospective data on 991 liveborn and stillborn infants with
      neural tube defects (NTDs) born to Utah residents from January 1, 1940 to
      December 31, 1979. Data were obtained from multiple sources including
      approximately 1.25 million vital statistics records and several hundred physician
      and hospital charts. Causal heterogeneity among NTD patients is presumed because
      6% of our cases have other congenital anomalies not part of the NTD field defect.
      A significant association of NTDs with oral clefts is noted. Sex ratios and
      empiric recurrence risks for isolated NTDs and NTDs associated with other major
      malformations are also calculated.

PMID- 6362413
TI  - Ching Chun Li, courageous scholar of population genetics, human genetics, and
      biostatistics: a living history essay.

PMID- 6362414
TI  - Production of active and acid-activated renin by cultured explants of human fetal
      tissues.
AB  - Various fetal tissues with gestational ages that ranged from 6 to 22 weeks were
      cultured as explants, and the culture media were examined for the production of
      both active and acid-activated renin. Media from cultures of fetal kidney, both
      the male and female genital tracts, and umbilical cord vessels were found to
      contain large quantities of active and acid-activated renin. Consistent
      differences in the production patterns of renin were found between the tissues,
      which may reflect the different potentials of the tissues to produce renin in
      vivo.

PMID- 6362415
TI  - Indirect immunofluorescence studies on the steroid-producing activity of hamster
      ova.
AB  - Steroidogenesis in the unfertilized hamster ova was investigated by indirect
      immunofluorescence study. delta 5-3 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (delta 5-3
      beta-HSD) activity was found in hamster follicular and ovulatory ova with
      pregnenolone used as the substrate. A significant quantity of 17 beta-estradiol
      was detected in the ooplasm of follicular and ovulatory ova. No progesterone was
      found. The activity of delta 5-3 beta-HSD in follicular and ovulatory ova was
      inhibited by preincubation with 10 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in 1
      ml of phosphate buffer solution. Trilostane, a potent new inhibitor of the delta
      5-3 beta-HSD system, was found to inhibit the activity of delta 5-3 beta-HSD in
      ovulatory ova in 1 ml of phosphate buffer solution at a concentration of 10(-7)M.
      After these results were obtained, steroidogenesis of hamster ova was suggested
      in an indirect immunofluorescence study, and the implications of steroidogenesis
      for oocyte maturation and subsequent fertilization are discussed.

PMID- 6362416
TI  - Adjunctive use of magnesium sulfate with ritodrine for preterm labor tocolysis.
AB  - The purpose of the study was to determine if the adjunctive administration of
      magnesium sulfate with ritodrine would result in decreased dosage requirements of
      ritodrine, and, therefore, decrease the incidence of ritodrine-associated side
      effects. Candidates for tocolysis were prospectively randomized so that some
      received a uniform tocolytic dose of magnesium sulfate in a blinded protocol. All
      patients received a ritodrine infusion which was titrated in the standard manner
      to achieve cessation of labor. Evaluations included interval cumulative ritodrine
      dose, maximal ritodrine infusion rate, fluid balance, and blood chemistry
      studies. Contrary to our hypothesis, there were significantly more cardiovascular
      effects in the group that received ritodrine plus magnesium sulfate (11/24) than
      in the group that received ritodrine alone (1/17) (p less than or equal to 0.02).
      The predominant side effect was chest pain, frequently associated with
      electrocardiogram changes indicative of myocardial ischemia. These results are
      consistent with the current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of these
      tocolytic agents. We conclude from the results of our prospective, randomized,
      blinded study that the adjunctive use of magnesium sulfate with ritodrine is
      associated with an unacceptable increase in serious side effects and probably
      does not improve efficacy.

PMID- 6362417
TI  - Extraperitoneal cesarean section: a surgical form of infection prophylaxis?
AB  - The suggestion that extraperitoneal cesarean section might be a useful method of
      preventing postoperative infectious complications prompted a prospective study of
      91 primary extraperitoneal cesarean sections on afebrile laboring patients with
      ruptured membranes longer than 4 hours. Fifty of 91 patients having
      extraperitoneal cesarean sections (group A) were compared with 36 patients having
      low cervical transperitoneal primary cesarean sections (control group) meeting
      the same entry criteria in a prospective randomized fashion. The other 41
      patients (group B = 25 of 41, group C = 16 of 41) were selected from qualifying
      high-risk patients depending on the availability of an experienced operator with
      group C receiving perioperative prophylactic antibiotics. The only significant
      difference in outcome was: four of 16 (25%) patients in group C (extraperitoneal
      cesarean section plus prophylactic antibiotics) developed postoperative
      endomyometritis versus 20 of 36 (56%), 28 of 50 (56%), and 12 of 25 (48%)
      patients in the transperitoneal primary cesarean section control group and
      extraperitoneal cesarean section group A and B, respectively (p less than 0.05).
      There was a trend toward enhanced postoperative recovery in all extraperitoneal
      cesarean section groups compared with the transperitoneal primary cesarean
      section control group. Thus, the technique of extraperitoneal cesarean section
      apparently offers no significant advantage in the prevention of postcesarean
      endomyometritis, but the use of perioperative prophylactic antibiotics apparently
      has significant impact.

PMID- 6362418
TI  - Preliminary observations on treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension with a
      thromboxane synthetase inhibitor.

PMID- 6362419
TI  - Diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) and the ophthalmologist.

PMID- 6362420
TI  - Joseph Le Conte.

PMID- 6362421
TI  - Presentation of the Gold Headed Cane award to Robert W. Wissler 1983.

PMID- 6362422
TI  - Foamy cells associated with platelet phagocytosis.
AB  - In order to gain an insight into the mechanism for the formation of foamy cells
      (macrophages with foamy cytoplasm) frequently seen in spleens affected by
      idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), these cells were experimentally
      induced in mice by subcutaneous injection of platelets with or without
      accompanied administration of corticosteroid. The light- and electron-microscopic
      features of experimentally reproduced foamy cells were essentially similar to
      those seen in the spleens of ITP patients. Corticosteroid had no significant
      effect on the formation of foamy cells. Most macrophages with foamy cytoplasm
      contained various amounts of phospholipids, which were derived from platelet
      membranes. By electron microscopy, myelinlike materials were frequently
      demonstrated in the cytoplasm of foamy cells. Although lysosomal enzyme activity
      was revealed in the macrophages that contained morphologically recognizable
      platelets, there was no demonstrable activity in the cells that contained
      myelinlike materials. From these results, the following conclusion has been
      suggested as the mechanism for the formation of foamy cells. Under the state of
      accelerated phagocytosis of platelets by the macrophages, such as in ITP, the
      amount of ingested platelet membranes is beyond the capacity of lysosomal
      digestion. Thus, the incompletely degraded membrane constituents, especially
      membrane-derived phospholipids, remain in the macrophages, and they are most
      responsible for the foamy appearance of these macrophages.

PMID- 6362423
TI  - Histopathology of serial graft biopsies from liver transplant recipients.
AB  - Serial graft biopsies (n = 78) from 12 liver transplant recipients (followed
      clinically up to 47 months) were studied with the use of histology,
      histochemistry, immunostaining, and electron microscopy. Planned-protocol needle
      biopsy specimens were taken from the graft before removal from the donor, 1 hour
      after transplantation, on the eighth day, and at yearly intervals. Nonprotocol
      biopsies were taken when deterioration of the clinical condition made a decision
      on changes in the regimen necessary. The protocol biopsies provided a baseline
      for graft condition and diagnostic histopathologic features. In these biopsies
      signs of hyperacute rejection, chronic rejection, or the recipient's previous
      liver disease were not observed. Mild acute rejection was regularly present on
      the eighth day, possibly due to a lag phase in the effect of immunosuppression.
      The syndromes in the nonprotocol biopsies included "pure" parenchymal
      cholestasis, reversible acute rejection resembling chronic active hepatitis,
      viral infection, and acute bacterial cholangitis. Each of these syndromes
      correlated with a separate histopathologic entity. Therefore, these entities
      proved to be of diagnostic value. It is concluded that a graft biopsy may
      substantially add to the pathogenetic interpretation, differential diagnosis, and
      management of major graft syndromes in orthotopic liver transplant recipients.

PMID- 6362424
TI  - Intracisternal Type A particles in murine pancreatic B cells. Immunocytochemical
      demonstration of increased antigen (p73) in genetically diabetic mice.
AB  - Intracisternal Type A particles (IAPs) are retroviruslike structures identified
      by a core protein antigen (p73) and found in mouse embryos, in many mouse tumor
      cells, and in pancreatic B cells of some strains of genetically diabetic mice.
      Using both peroxidase-antiperoxidase and protein A-gold immunocytochemical
      techniques to localize p73, the authors have observed differences in
      intracellular antigen distribution between MOPC-104E, a mouse tumor cell line
      rich in IAP, and B cells from genetically diabetic (db/db) mice of the CBA/LtJ
      and C57BL/KsJ strain. In MOPC-104E cells studied by electron microscopy,
      localization of protein A-gold complex label was almost exclusively limited to
      IAP and their sites of assembly on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast,
      p73 appeared widely distributed throughout the cytoplasm of B cells from
      hyperglycemic db/db mice but not normal littermate controls. In addition to
      distribution over budding IAP, label was also found dispersed through other
      cytoplasmic organelles involved in secretion, including Golgi complexes and
      secretory granules. Patch labeling of B cell surfaces was sometimes observed. An
      ultrastructural survey of islets isolated from normal mice of 7 inbred genetic
      backgrounds on which the "diabetes" (db) gene has been studied showed that
      constitutive ability to produce IAP was associated with strain susceptibility to
      severe diabetes (eg, C57BL/KsJ, DBA/2J, CBA/LtJ, and C3HeB/FeJ). Strains whose B
      cells failed to show constitutive expression in situ or glucose-inducible
      expression in cell culture were resistant to the diabetogenic action of db genes.
      The possibility is discussed that p73 may represent a "neoantigen" which
      sensitizes the diabetic mouse to reject, by autoimmune mechanisms, the B cells
      expressing it.

PMID- 6362425
TI  - Interobserver reliability of methods for paleopathological diagnosis of dental
      caries.
AB  - There is disagreement as to whether clinical methods of caries diagnosis will
      produce reliable results in skeletal material, and studies vary greatly in the
      extent to which such methods are employed. The purpose of this study is,
      therefore, to evaluate the interobserver reliability of visual, tactile, and
      radiographic methods of scoring dental caries in ancient populations. Thirty
      three individuals from a Mogollon skeletal sample were scored on three occasions
      by pairs of examiners. The first exam employed visual criteria alone. In the
      second exam, visual methods were supplemented with the dental explorer. For the
      third exam, mesial and distal surfaces were scored from "intraoral" radiographs.
      Examiners worked independently, but did calibrate on material from clinical
      populations prior to the second and third exams. Exams were conducted on a
      "blind" basis, and analysis was delayed until all exams were completed. Caries
      scores were expressed as a percentage of total surfaces present per individual.
      Repeat-measures ANOVA and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to
      estimate interobserver reliabilities. For visual scores, ICC = 0.97, and there is
      no significant difference between examiners (P = 0.897). For visual plus explorer
      scores, ICC drops to 0.90, and there is a significant difference between
      examiners (P = 0.003). For the radiographs, ICC = 0.86, and there is no
      significant difference between observers (P = 0.117). These results suggest that
      clinical methods are less reliable in skeletal populations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6362426
TI  - Suppression of renin secretion by insulin: dependence on extracellular calcium.
AB  - The isolated perfused rat kidney was used to examine the effect of insulin on
      renin release (RR). Insulin produced a dose-dependent reduction of RR when added
      to the perfusate at concentrations between 10 and 1,000 microU/ml. When kidneys
      were perfused with a calcium-free perfusate, RR increased nearly fivefold.
      Insulin (1,000 microU/ml) not only failed to suppress RR in calcium-free
      perfusions but stimulated it. The addition of verapamil (10(-5) M) to the
      perfusate likewise prevented the insulin inhibition of RR. Perfusion without
      potassium reduced RR to one-third of control values. The addition of insulin to
      kidneys perfused without potassium further suppresses RR. We conclude that at
      concentrations similar to those found in plasma, insulin modulates renin
      secretion. This process requires the influx of calcium possibly through insulin
      receptor-operated channels.

PMID- 6362427
TI  - Altered sensitivity of chronic diabetic rat heart to calcium.
AB  - An alteration in calcium metabolism in cardiac muscle was observed in diabetic
      rats 3 mo after streptozotocin treatment. Depression of cardiac output and left
      ventricular pressure development were more sensitive to decreased extra-cellular
      calcium in hearts from diabetic than from control animals and occurred within the
      normal physiological range of freely ionized serum calcium. This decrease in
      calcium sensitivity was not present after 2 wk of diabetes. In vivo treatment
      with insulin for 1 mo completely reversed the effect. Addition of octanoate (0.3
      mM) to the perfusate of isolated hearts completely reversed the defect, whereas
      epinephrine (25 nM) only partially reversed it. When the glucose concentration of
      the perfusate was decreased, the function of diabetic hearts declined and was
      further diminished at decreasing calcium levels. Hearts from normal rats were
      unaffected. These results suggest that there is a defect in calcium metabolism or
      flux in the chronic diabetic rat heart.

PMID- 6362428
TI  - Interactions of cold exposure and starvation on glucose tolerance and insulin
      response.
AB  - The metabolic interactions of cold exposure, cold acclimation, and starvation on
      glucose tolerance and plasma insulin levels were studied in precannulated,
      unrestrained, and unanesthetized rats. Cold exposure (48 h at 5 degrees C)
      significantly reduced the insulin response to intravenous glucose injection (P
      less than 0.01) while improving glucose tolerance (P less than 0.01). Starvation
      (48 h at 25 degrees C) also reduced the insulin response (P less than 0.01) but
      did not significantly alter glucose tolerance. "Accelerated starvation" induced
      by starving rats for 48 h at 5 degrees C dramatically reduced both basal and
      glucose-stimulated insulin levels while even improving glucose tolerance,
      resulting in a 15-fold reduction in the insulinogenic index. Cold acclimation (3
      wk at 5 degrees C) induced essentially the same alterations as cold exposure.
      Approximately reversed changes were observed when cold-acclimated rats were
      returned to a warm environment for 15-18 h. Results from these studies indicate
      that 1) cold exposure and starvation, but not cold acclimation, act
      synergistically in decreasing the sensitivity and/or the capacity of pancreatic
      islets for secreting insulin in response to glucose stimulation; 2) glucose
      tolerance and possibly insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues are enhanced by
      cold exposure and starvation, although glucose tolerance is improved by cold
      exposure only, not by starvation; 3) an improved glucose tolerance with barely
      detectable plasma insulin levels was obtained in cold-starved rats under normal
      physiological conditions.

PMID- 6362430
TI  - Afferent arteriolar diameter in DOCA-salt and two-kidney one-clip hypertensive
      rats.
AB  - The afferent arteriolar diameter (dAA) was investigated during development of
      hypertensive renal disease in normal and uninephrectomized control rats, in
      chronic DOCA-salt (DOCA), post-DOCA (p-DOCA), and chronic two-kidney one-clip (2K
      1C) hypertensive rats, and in post-two-kidney one-clip (p-2K-1C) normotensive
      rats. dAA was measured by the microsphere method. Nephron loss was present in the
      kidneys exposed to elevate blood pressure. The dAA was reduced from 19.9 to 17.2
      micron in the DOCA group (P less than 0.001) and from 19.1 to 16.3 micron in the
      nonclipped kidneys in the 2K-1C group (P less than 0.001). The dAA increased from
      19.9 to 20.7 micron in the p-DOCA group. Afferent arteriolar dilatation from 19.1
      to 21.0 micron (P less than 0.001) was present about 50 days after clipping in
      the 2K-1C group; in the clipped kidneys the dAA returned to normal (18.9 micron)
      after declipping. No relation between the dAA and plasma renin concentration was
      observed. In all models dAA was the same in three cortical layers of equal
      thickness. Accordingly, chronic renal DOCA-salt hypertension constricts the
      afferent arteriole with angiotensin-independent mechanisms. Autoregulatory
      dilatation of the afferent arteriole seems to be maintained for at least 50 days.
      When the hypertension is moderate, dAA in damaged kidneys may be dilated.

PMID- 6362429
TI  - Protein metabolism in skeletal muscle, diaphragm, and heart of diabetic rats.
AB  - Rates of protein synthesis were measured in several muscle types in young
      streptozotocin-diabetic rats at different times after withdrawal of insulin
      therapy. Protein synthesis decreased in all types of muscle studied. In muscles
      with a substantial proportion of fast-twitch fibers (gastrocnemius and extensor
      digitorum longus), this decline was associated with falls in both protein
      synthesis-to-RNA and RNA-to-protein ratio, but in soleus and heart the effect
      could be explained entirely in terms of decreased ribosome concentration. Rates
      of protein degradation were calculated for heart, diaphragm, and gastrocnemius
      muscle from the changes in protein synthesis and protein content and were found
      in all cases to be elevated by 4 days of insulin withdrawal. However,
      measurements of protein synthesis and protein mass in the gastrocnemius muscle of
      a group of chronically diabetic rats indicated that in this condition, unlike in
      acute diabetes, the rate of protein degradation was depressed.

PMID- 6362431
TI  - CNS-induced natriuresis and renal hemodynamics in conscious rats.
AB  - Sodium excretion was studied following experimental elevation of cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF) sodium in heterozygous and homozygous (DI) Brattleboro rats given
      exogeneous antidiuretic hormone. Sodium excretion increased 4.5-fold in
      heterozygous and 3.5-fold in DI rats. The natriuresis in both groups was rapid in
      onset and occurred with a simultaneous kaliuresis. Blood pressure increased
      approximately 10 mmHg in the heterozygous but not in the DI rats. Accordingly,
      increased blood pressure may contribute to the natriuresis but is not the sole
      mechanism. Plasma renin concentration did not change in the DI rats during high
      Na CSF infusion, and chronic bilateral renal denervation did not abolish the
      natriuresis. Glomerular filtration rate increased during the high Na period in
      both the intact and renally denervated rats. These data provide evidence that a
      natriuretic mechanism exists that is not mediated by changes in antidiuretic
      hormone, renal nerve activity, mean arterial pressure, aldosterone, or
      angiotensin II, and thus may be due to another circulating substance or
      natriuretic hormone. This hormone may act totally or in part by increasing
      glomerular filtration rate.

PMID- 6362432
TI  - Effects of variations in renal hemodynamics on the time course of renin secretion
      rate.
AB  - The effects of variations in renal hemodynamics on the time course of renin
      secretion were studied in dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital-chloralose.
      Hemodynamic changes were induced either locally in kidneys perfused in situ via
      an extracorporeal circuit (with or without a pump system) or systemically by
      hemorrhage or nitroprusside infusion. In the autoperfused kidney the reduction of
      renal perfusion pressure to approximately one-half of the arterial pressure by
      inflow occlusion caused an increase in renal conductance (renal vasodilation) and
      an increase in renin secretion rate (RSR). In the pump-perfused kidney, a step
      increase in renal blood flow (RBF) caused renal vasoconstriction and a decrease
      in RSR; a step decrease in RBF caused renal vasodilation and an increase in RSR.
      Following step changes in RBF, the time constant of the alterations of renal
      conductance was 56.5 s, and the time constant of the RSR responses was 80.1 s.
      The total time required to reach a steady state for RSR lagged behind that for
      renal conductance by approximately 5 min. These differences reflect the time
      needed for the kidney to release renin in response to changes in renal vascular
      caliber. The results suggest that renin release occurs in response to the
      autoregulatory dilation of the renal arterioles. When systemic hypotension was
      induced by nitroprusside infusion, RSR also increased together with the renal
      conductance. Following hemorrhage, however, RSR increased despite a decrease in
      renal conductance, reflecting the role of neurohumoral factors in causing renin
      release in this case. The comparison of renin secretion following different types
      of hemodynamic alterations serves to elucidate the mechanisms of renin secretion.

PMID- 6362433
TI  - Centrally induced cardiovascular and sympathetic responses to hydrocortisone in
      rats.
AB  - Central effects of hydrocortisone were investigated by injecting it
      intracerebroventricularly (icv) while recording blood pressure and heart rate in
      awake rats. Dose-dependent increases in both blood pressure and heart rate
      occurred following injections of hydrocortisone. Pretreatment by icv injections
      of the angiotensin II antagonist, [Sar1-Ile8]angiotensin II, completely abolished
      vasopressor responses to subsequent injections of hydrocortisone. When rats were
      later anesthetized with urethan to allow recording of abdominal sympathetic nerve
      activity, hydrocortisone produced vasopressor responses accompanied by
      corresponding increases in sympathetic nerve firing, which were also abolished by
      central pretreatment with either [Sar1-Ile8]angiotensin II or angiotensin I
      converting-enzyme inhibitor, captopril. These results indicate that centrally
      administered hydrocortisone stimulates the brain renin-angiotensin system to
      produce vasopressor responses by increasing sympathetic nerve firing.

PMID- 6362434
TI  - Effects of indomethacin in conscious dogs with experimental high-output heart
      failure.
AB  - The role of renal prostaglandins in the control of renin release and renal
      hemodynamic function (RHF) was studied in conscious dogs with a surgically
      created infrarenal aortocaval fistula, a model of high-output heart failure
      (HOHF). In series 1 during acute cardiac failure, indomethacin administration
      produced striking reductions in RHF but failed to alter the high level of plasma
      renin activity (PRA). In series 2, administration of indomethacin to dogs with
      chronic HOHF also resulted in pronounced decrements in RHF in spite of normal
      levels of PRA. Studies of individual animals with meclofenamate in both series 1
      and 2 confirmed the findings with indomethacin with one exception; in one dog
      with chronic severe HOHF a very high level of PRA was present initially and fell
      44% after meclofenamate. These observations indicate that in the acute and
      chronic phases of HOHF prostaglandins are involved in the maintenance of renal
      blood flow and glomerular filtration rate but do not play an essential role in
      the control of renin release.

PMID- 6362435
TI  - Cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum function in insulin- or carnitine-treated diabetic
      rats.
AB  - Cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) function and SR levels of long-chain (LC)
      acylcarnitines were determined in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated
      with insulin or D,L-carnitine. ATP-dependent calcium transport was significantly
      depressed in cardiac SR isolated from untreated diabetic rats compared with
      control rats. Diabetic rat cardiac SR levels of LC acylcarnitines were also
      significantly elevated. Various parameters of heart function (left ventricular
      developed pressure, +dP/dT, and -dP/dT), as determined on an isolated working
      heart apparatus, were found to be depressed in untreated diabetic rats. Cardiac
      SR isolated from diabetic rats treated throughout the study period with insulin
      or D,L-carnitine did not have elevated levels of LC acylcarnitines associated
      with SR membrane nor was SR calcium transport activity depressed. Heart function
      in the diabetic rats treated with insulin was similar to control rat hearts but
      heart function remained depressed in diabetic rats treated with D,L-carnitine.
      The data suggest that the LC acylcarnitines are involved in the observed
      impairment of cardiac SR function in diabetic rats. Other factors, however, must
      be contributing to the depression in heart function noted in these animals.

PMID- 6362436
TI  - Metabolic adjustments of small passerine birds for migration and cold.
AB  - Passerines (members of the order Passeriformes such as finches, chickadees, jays,
      and warblers) are predominantly small birds characterized by relatively intense
      metabolic rates. Members of this group breeding at middle or high latitudes may
      either evade winter cold by migration or enhance their resistance to it by
      acclimatization. We review the energetic consequences associated with these two
      modes of response. Despite their apparent dissimilarity, migration and winter
      acclimatization both depend on substantial aerobic endurance, and both involve
      extensive power outputs by the flight muscles in locomotion or shivering. Such
      power outputs entail extensive deposition and catabolism of fat. Information
      available on these processes and their control in passerine birds is discussed.
      Knowledge of them is still in a formative stage, but it is already clear that
      aerobic capacity of passerines is stable at a high level throughout the year.
      However, changes are observed in the activity of certain enzymes involved in the
      catabolism of fats and carbohydrates. Full interpretation of these findings must
      await additional research. Nevertheless it is evident that the complex processes
      of migration and winter acclimatization are intimately linked with the metabolic
      properties of the highly aerobic skeletal muscle contained within the flight
      apparatus of passerines.

PMID- 6362437
TI  - Influence of daily sodium intake on vasopressin secretion and drinking in dogs.
AB  - Studies were carried out to determine the relationship between daily sodium
      intake, drinking, and vasopressin (AVP) secretion in normal conscious dogs.
      Chronic responses to 5-day elevations of daily sodium intake (200 meq/day) and 2
      wk decreases in daily sodium intake (5 meq/day) were determined. Dogs were
      studied with ad libitum drinking and with water intake restricted to the amount
      drunk during the normal-sodium (30 meq/day) control period. Although acute
      elevations of plasma AVP occurred after a normal (40 meq Na) gastric load,
      chronic high-sodium intake resulted in no change of steady-state plasma AVP
      levels or daily AVP excretion (UAVP) with ad libitum drinking. Total water intake
      and frequency of drinking, however, increased nearly fourfold. In the absence of
      excess drinking, plasma AVP and UAVP both exhibited a nearly sixfold increase
      during the period of high-sodium intake. Despite elevations of plasma AVP, daily
      urine volume increased and urine osmolality rose only gradually during the 5 days
      of high-sodium intake. Chronic low-sodium intake also did not alter plasma AVP,
      but total water intake was reduced 20%. The data indicate that with water
      available, extracellular osmolality is controlled predominantly by drinking
      rather than by AVP secretion, that either osmolality or sodium concentration is
      the predominant controller of drinking and AVP secretion, and that daily water
      excretion need not be related directly to plasma AVP.

PMID- 6362438
TI  - Preoptic recess lesions, body fluid compartments, and the renin-aldosterone
      system.
AB  - The effects of electrolytic ablation of the periventricular tissue surrounding
      the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) of the rat brain on body fluid
      distribution and the renin-aldosterone system were determined. Rats underwent
      either ablation of AV3V periventricular tissue or control surgeries. After
      recovery, animals were implanted with femoral arterial and jugular venous
      catheters, and sodium space and plasma volume were measured by calculating the
      dilution of intravenous injections of 22Na- and 125I-labeled serum albumin,
      respectively. Total body water was determined in separate groups of rats by
      desiccation. Other animals with AV3V lesions and control rats were used to
      measure urinary sodium excretion and plasma renin (Prenin) and aldosterone
      (Paldo) concentrations while volume replete and after volume depletion. Animals
      with AV3V lesions had expanded extracellular fluid volume and decreased plasma
      volume, but total body water was comparable with control-operated rats. Volume
      replete and volume-depleted rats with AV3V lesions had significantly higher
      Prenin than control animals in similar volume states. Although Paldo was not
      different between groups in the volume-replete state, it was significantly
      greater in rats with AV3V lesions than in control animals after volume depletion.
      These data demonstrate that AV3V periventricular ablation results in chronic
      alterations in the normal body fluid distribution but does not diminish the rats'
      ability to increase Prenin and Paldo or decrease sodium excretion during volume
      depletion.

PMID- 6362439
TI  - Effects on intravascular pressures of vasopressin and angiotensin II in dogs.
AB  - The effects of 30-min intravenous infusions of 8-arginine vasopressin (AVP) and
      angiotensin-(1,8)-octapeptide (ANG II) to conscious dogs were studied by
      measurements of systolic (SABP), mean (MABP), and diastolic arterial blood
      pressures, central venous pressure (CVP), heart rate (HR), and plasma
      concentrations of vasopressin (pAVP). Infusion of AVP at six rates (0.4-12.8 ng X
      min-1 X kg-1) raised mean pAVP by 5-490 pg/ml and increased CVP by 2-10 cmH2O. HR
      decreased and arterial pressures increased with infusion rates of 1.6-12.8 ng X
      min-1 X kg-1. However, the increase in SABP was only transient. ANG II increased
      all arterial pressures; however, it barely changed CVP and did not change HR or
      pAVP. It is concluded that 1) AVP can elevate MABP without changes in SABP, 2)
      the effects of AVP on arterial pressures are buffered within 5-15 min, 3) CVP can
      be increased by doses of AVP that do not affect arterial pressures, and 4) the
      pressor activity is independent of the presence of ANG II. The results confirm
      that the cardiovascular response to vasopressin is qualitatively different from
      that elicited by ANG II.

PMID- 6362440
TI  - S. Weir Mitchell, psychopathology, and "The Waters of Oblivion".

PMID- 6362442
TI  - A developmental view of affective disturbances in the children of affectively ill
      parents.
AB  - The authors review the various clinical and experimental studies of children of
      parents with affective illness, spanning infancy, childhood, and early
      adolescence and including their own and the studies reported in this Special
      Section of the Journal. They find a clear tendency to early disturbances in these
      children that seems related to adult affective illness in the areas of affect
      regulation and social interaction. Although these findings suggest a
      developmental line of affective illness linking child and adult forms, many
      issues need further clarification.

PMID- 6362441
TI  - Premenstrual syndromes: overview from a methodologic perspective.
AB  - The authors review the available evidence regarding the nature, cause, and
      treatment of the premenstrual syndromes. They attribute the contradictory results
      of various studies and the current theoretical confusion in the area to the
      failure of investigators to carefully define the syndromes, formulate a set of
      answerable questions, and select a homogeneous population before initiating their
      studies. The relationship between premenstrual syndromes and major psychiatric
      disorders, as well as the clinical and theoretical relevance of the menstrual
      cycle to major psychiatric disorders, is discussed. The authors offer
      recommendations to both investigators and clinicians for more careful observation
      and documentation of the relationship between mood disorders and the menstrual
      cycle.

PMID- 6362443
TI  - A case of mania associated with fluoxetine.
AB  - A depressed woman with no history of bipolar illness developed a manic episode
      during treatment with fluoxetine. This side effect appears to be a universal
      property of effective antidepressants, including this new, purely serotonergic
      agent.

PMID- 6362444
TI  - A cybernated health-science diagnostic system--an urgent imperative.

PMID- 6362445
TI  - Immunological specificity of beta-glucuronidase from human seminal plasma and its
      immunolocalization in the human reproductive tract.
AB  - Beta-glucuronidase (beta-glucuronidase) in human seminal plasma consists of two
      forms of isozymes (major and minor forms). Antiserum prepared against the
      purified major form of beta-glucuronidase in rabbits was used for studies of
      immunological specificity and immunohistochemical localization of beta
      glucuronidase in the human male reproductive tract. By ouchterlony
      immunodiffusion technique, anti-beta-glucuronidase serum showed reaction of
      identity with human tissue extracts such as liver, spleen, lungs, testis,
      epididymis, prostate, and seminal vesicles. Though monkey testis and epididymis
      extracts completely reacted with human seminal beta-glucuronidase antiserum, no
      cross-reaction was observed with mouse and rat tissue extracts. Immunofluorescent
      studies revealed that beta-glucuronidase is localized in the early stages of
      spermatogenesis in testis, in columnar cells of the epididymis, and in glandular
      cells of the prostate and seminal vesicles. Consistent absence of fluorescence in
      the lumens of testis and epididymis as well as negative cross-reaction between
      antiserum and sperm extracts suggested that major form of beta-glucuronidase in
      human seminal plasma is not immunologically identical with human spermatozoa. It
      is concluded that major form of beta-glucuronidase in seminal plasma is not
      tissue-specific although it appears to have limited species specificity.

PMID- 6362446
TI  - A new intraoperative test for completeness of vagotomy: the PCP-GABA (beta
      parachlorophenol-gamma-aminobutyric acid) test.
AB  - PCP-GABA, an analogue of the neurotransmitter amino acid, GABA, is as effective a
      stimulant of vagal centers and acid secretion as sham feeding. Insulin
      hypoglycemia, a test hitherto widely used for the cephalic phase, is unsafe and
      nonspecific because it also stimulates catecholamine release which affects
      gastrin secretion. PCP-GABA, unlike insulin, causes no tachycardia or
      hypoglycemia; however, the major advantage of PCP-GABA is that it can be used
      safely intraoperatively to assess completeness of vagotomy. Its muscle relaxant
      action is an additional advantage in this regard. As an intraoperative test, PCP
      GABA is given intravenously shortly after induction of anesthesia to stimulate
      acid secretion and to reduce gastric mucosal pH, which is measured by an
      intraluminal combination electrode. The electrode can be moved around through the
      intact gastric wall to take measurements from multiple sites. When vagotomy is
      complete, gastric mucosal pH increases to over 6. This test works well in the
      dog. We hope to assess its clinical use in the near future.

PMID- 6362447
TI  - [Adaptation properties of porcelain fused to metal crowns using non-precious
      alloys (2)].

PMID- 6362448
TI  - [Effect of therapeutic tactics in placenta praevia on the outcome of pregnancy].

PMID- 6362449
TI  - [Carbohydrate metabolism in the materno-fetus system under normal conditions and
      in hypoxia].

PMID- 6362450
TI  - [The labor process--the short-lasting hormonal-enzyme-electrolyte chain. The
      trigger mechanism--the mature fetus].

PMID- 6362452
TI  - [A quarter of a century of the periodical Akusherstvo i ginekologiia].

PMID- 6362451
TI  - [Our experience with the clinical trial of postinor--an oral hormonal preparation
      for postcoital contraception].

PMID- 6362453
TI  - The man behind the eponym. William John Munro (1863-1908).

PMID- 6362454
TI  - The brothers Lumiere. Pioneers in medical photography.
AB  - A brief historical sketch of the brothers Lumiere, the inventors of the
      cinematographe, is presented. Particular emphasis is placed on their perfection
      of "Autochromes," photographic plates suitable for color photography, and on
      their foresight in putting these advances to use in medical illustrations.

PMID- 6362455
TI  - Le Musee de l'Hopital Saint-Louis.

PMID- 6362456
TI  - Scientific and medical terms and references in the writings of St. Luke.

PMID- 6362457
TI  - Demonstration of central nervous system tolerance to ethanol in mice: consequent
      effects on smooth muscle in vitro.
AB  - Mice were given ethanol (9 g/kg) or saline (57 ml/kg) daily in three divided
      doses for periods of 1 and 4 days to study the effects of such ethanol (ETOH)
      exposure on central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral smooth muscle (vasa
      deferentia) function. After 1 day, ETOH-treated mice were functionally tolerant
      to the hypothermic (3 g/kg, intraperitoneal), but not to the hypnotic (3.25 g/kg,
      intraperitoneal) effect of ETOH. Functional tolerance to both CNS effects of ETOH
      was demonstrated in mice after the 4-day ETOH exposure. Norepinephrine (NE) and
      high K+-depolarizing solutions each elicited dose-dependent contractions in the
      mouse vasa deferens preparation in vitro that consisted of a phasic and tonic
      component. The tonic components of the NE and K+ responses were more dependent
      upon extracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+ext) than the phasic components. Addition of ETOH
      (120 to 480 mM) or the Ca2+ channel-antagonist nifedipine (1 X 10(-9) to 3 X 10(
      7) M) to the preparation selectively inhibited the tonic component of the NE and
      K+ responses, suggesting that both agents acted to inhibit the responses by
      interfering with the translocation of Ca2+ext. Vasa deferentia isolated from ETOH
      treated mice did not exhibit altered reactivity to NE in the phasic or tonic
      component of the response. The isolated smooth muscle from mice centrally
      tolerant to ETOH did not appear to be tolerant to  inhibitory effect of ETOH or
      cross-tolerant to the inhibitory effect of nifedipine on stimulant-induced
      contractions.

PMID- 6362458
TI  - The effects of chronic alcoholism on development of ischemic cerebral infarcts
      following unilateral carotid artery ligation in gerbils.
AB  - To test if chronic alcoholism potentiates mortality and accentuates cerebral
      infarcts associated with ischemia, 32 male and 33 female Mongolian gerbils were
      chronically fed ethanol in their diet for 6 weeks. Cerebral ischemia was then
      induced by ligation and sectioning of the right common carotid artery.
      Postoperatively, there was a mean difference in survival in the control versus
      the alcoholic gerbils. Whereas 76% of controls survived the operation, only 55%
      of alcoholic gerbils survived. Also, the alcoholic gerbils died earlier, usually
      in the initial 3 postoperation days. The incidence of cerebral infarcts was
      identical (52%) in both control and alcohol-treated gerbils. There was, however,
      a difference in the extent (size) of the infarcts and tolerance to them. The
      alcoholic gerbils tended to develop either large infarcts which were usually
      lethal, or smaller infarcts but with decreased tolerance. The cerebral infarcts
      in the controls tended to be smaller with better survival. These findings suggest
      that chronic alcohol consumption contributes significantly to the risk of
      mortality associated with ischemic brain infarction reported in human alcoholics,
      and indicate that the alcoholic gerbil is a good experimental model to study the
      pathophysiology of this phenomenon.

PMID- 6362459
TI  - Alcohol and sober mood state in female social drinkers.
AB  - The goals of the present study were to measure the relationship between alcohol
      consumption in 93 female social drinkers and their cognitive functioning and mood
      in the sober state, and to investigate the possible causal effects of alcohol
      consumption on these variables. In the first test session, a limited relationship
      was seen between previous alcohol consumption and sober cognitive performance. A
      strong relationship was found between alcohol consumption and self-reported
      depression and anger in the sober state. Either a prolonged reduction in alcohol
      consumption or a prolonged maintenance of alcohol consumption was undertaken by
      random subsets of the original sample. In the second test session 6 weeks later,
      women who had been randomly selected to reduce their alcohol intake showed
      decreases in depression, anger, and mental confusion when they were sober,
      relative to women who maintained or increased their alcohol consumption over the
      same period of time. We found no changes in cognitive performance in these
      groups. We concluded that the simplest explanation of the findings is that
      relatively low levels of alcohol consumption produce substantial increases in
      depression and anger in the sober state in female social drinkers. The value of
      considering alcohol consumption as a continuous variable rather than a
      dichotomous variable with "safe" and "unsafe" zones was discussed.

PMID- 6362460
TI  - Racial patterns of alcoholic beverage use.
AB  - Among 59,766 persons who had routine health examinations in the years 1978
      through 1980, the proportions reporting drinking among self-classified racial
      groups were: white, 89.5%; Latin, 84.8%; Japanese, 81.9%; black, 79.8%; Chinese,
      68.1%; Filipino, 63.9%. Reported use of 3 or more drinks daily was similar in
      whites, Latins, and blacks but was much lower in the Asian groups. Men of all
      races reported more drinking than women. A large proportion of drinkers in all
      race-sex subgroups reported use of small amounts of alcohol, and most nondrinkers
      reported lifelong abstinence. Wine drinking (2+ days/week) was favored over
      spirits or beer by whites of both sexes and women of most races; beer use was
      favored by men of all races except white. All race-sex groups reported a strong
      alcohol-cigarette smoking association. Comparison with data collected 15 years
      earlier showed a substantial decline in reported proportions of abstainers and
      heavier (3+) drinkers as well as apparent narrowing of race-sex differences.

PMID- 6362461
TI  - Pattern of alcohol administration and physical dependence.
AB  - The purpose of this work was to study the influence of the pattern of alcohol
      administration on the intensity of withdrawal syndrome. Some rats were
      intoxicated by inhalation of ethanol vapor. The ethanol concentration in
      atmosphere was increased throughout the whole experiment in such a manner that
      the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) during the experiment increased as a linear
      function of time. When the area under BAC curve was varied by changing the
      duration of alcohol administration and keeping constant the slope of BAC
      increase, the intensity of withdrawal syndrome increased with the duration of
      alcohol intoxication. When the duration of alcohol administration and the slopes
      of the BAC curves were varied in such a manner that the area under the BAC curves
      was kept constant, the severity of the withdrawal syndrome increased with the
      slope of the BAC curves.

PMID- 6362462
TI  - Patterns of alcohol abuse and family stability.
AB  - Male alcoholics and their spouses participating in an ongoing family interaction
      study were assessed as to drinking patterns, psychiatric symptoms, and marital
      satisfaction. Analyses of these data indicated that high alcohol consumption was
      associated with high satisfaction and reduced symptomatology in the spouses of
      steady but not binge drinkers. Findings are discussed in terms of Steinglass'
      suggestion that alcohol can have "adaptive" consequences for the marriage and
      family life of alcoholics.

PMID- 6362463
TI  - Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin does not affect alcohol
      consumption in inbred mice.
AB  - The prostaglandin system has been implicated in mediating both the acute and
      chronic pharmacologic effects of alcohol. The effect of blockade of prostaglandin
      synthesis by indomethacin on genetically based alcohol preference in C57BL/6,
      C3H/He, and BALB/c mice was examined. Although strain typical alcohol preference
      patterns were observed, there was no effect of indomethacin on either naive or
      preestablished alcohol preference and consumption. Genetically transmitted
      alcohol preference may be a complex system in which prostaglandin synthesis does
      not play a part.

PMID- 6362464
TI  - Physicians in alcoholism: a study of current status and future needs.
AB  - Members of the American Medical Society on Alcoholism were studied to shed light
      on medical manpower needs in the alcoholism field. Findings were compared to AMA
      and federal survey data for all American physicians. AMSA respondents were
      broadly distributed among specialties: primarily psychiatrists, internists, and
      family practitioners. They were evenly divided between office-based and
      institutional practice, and most were on medical school faculties. Regarding
      alcoholism treatment, they generally agreed that Alcoholics Anonymous is
      necessary and that nonmedical counsellors are effective, although their attitudes
      on the etiology of alcoholism were divided. This sample of physicians in
      alcoholism, although not inclusive of all in the field, represents a diverse
      group, with differing clinical and educational needs.

PMID- 6362465
TI  - Body sway and divided attention performance under the influence of alcohol: dose
      response differences between males and females.
AB  - This study assessed women and men on a divided attention task, body sway, and
      subjective (self-report) estimates of impairment across different doses of
      alcohol. Twelve females and 12 males (mean age of 20.4 years) were given placebo,
      low, and high doses of alcohol in random order across sessions. Each subject was
      tested 3 times during each session. The study controlled for recent drinking
      history by restricting participation to light drinkers who were matched on age
      and education. Alcohol doses were adjusted for body fat and equivalent blood
      alcohol concentrations (BACs) were attained in the two gender groups. The results
      indicated that women and men did not differ in their extent of cognitive
      impairment at placebo and low alcohol doses. However, women showed significantly
      more cognitive impairment than their male counterparts at the high alcohol doses,
      even with equivalent BACs. The sway measure was influenced only by BAC and not by
      the gender of the subject. Sway observations were less sensitive and more
      variable than estimates of cognitive impairment. The subjective impairment data
      indicated that female subjects were less sensitive than males to the effects of
      alcohol at both the low and high doses. Implications for future research on
      cognitive impairment are discussed.

PMID- 6362466
TI  - Bimanual tactual discrimination in aging alcoholics.
AB  - Somesthesis and perceptual laterality were studied in normal aging and in aging
      alcoholic populations. The bimanual (dichhaptic) stimulation technique that was
      employed required participants to recognize and identify items traced onto the
      palms of both hands simultaneously, thereby eliciting competition for analysis by
      the two cerebral hemispheres. Performance of five groups of participants was
      compared (younger and older alcoholics and age-matched normal controls, and
      alcoholic Korsakoff patients); within each of the groups, the ability to identify
      verbal stimuli (letters) was compared with nonverbal stimuli (lines differing in
      orientation) for the right and the left hands separately. The results suggest
      that tactile discrimination accuracy for nonverbal information is disrupted by
      aging, but that alcoholism per se does not have this effect. The combined effects
      of alcohol abuse and aging were seen only on the tactual tasks that required
      identification of verbal items. Lateralization measures based upon performance by
      the two hands separately did not differentiate among the groups.

PMID- 6362467
TI  - Clinical conditions and concentrations of MOPEG in the cerebrospinal fluid and
      urine of male alcoholic patients during withdrawal.
AB  - The levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (MOPEG), the major
      noradrenaline metabolite in the central nervous system, were analyzed in lumbar
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and urine from 74 male alcohol addicts during acute
      withdrawal and after 1 week of abstinence. The values obtained were compared to
      those of 21 healthy male volunteers. Clinical conditions were rated on the
      sampling days. Concentrations of MOPEG were elevated during early withdrawal and
      the levels decreased during detoxication. This pattern was found in both the CSF
      and urine, irrespective of type of drug treatment during withdrawal. The clinical
      symptoms improved during withdrawal and, in the beginning, there were significant
      positive correlations between MOPEG levels in the CSF and sleeping problems,
      tremors, restlessness, visual hallucinations, and elevated muscle tension.
      Changes in MOPEG levels correlated to changes of mood. A significant correlation
      was also found between low MOPEG level and craving for alcohol. Few correlations
      were found between MOPEG levels in the urine and clinical symptoms. The results
      indicate an elevated noradrenergic transmitter turnover rate in the early phase
      of alcohol withdrawal and a connection between noradrenaline metabolism and
      several clinical conditions during alcohol withdrawal.

PMID- 6362468
TI  - Elevated concentrations of ethanol in plasma do not suppress voluntary ethanol
      consumption in C57BL mice.
AB  - The 24-hr patterns of ethanol intake and resulting concentrations of ethanol in
      plasma are described for male C57BL/6J mice given free access to water and a 10%
      v/v solution of ethanol. Animals treated with the alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor
      4-methylpyrazole developed peak plasma concentrations of 116 +/- 20 mg/100 ml,
      while controls given daily injections of saline exhibited peak plasma
      concentrations of 11 +/- 7 mg/100 ml. Ethanol consumption as measured by total
      daily intake and preference was not significantly different in the two groups of
      mice. The absence of an effect on ethanol consumption despite a tenfold
      difference in peak plasma levels suggests that concentrations of circulating
      ethanol within the range observed do not limit voluntary consumption of ethanol.

PMID- 6362469
TI  - Elimination of artifactual acetaldehyde in the measurement of human blood
      acetaldehyde by the use of polyethylene glycol and sodium azide: normal blood
      acetaldehyde levels in the dog and human after ethanol.
AB  - A new procedure is described for the preparation of human blood samples for
      analysis of acetaldehyde and ethanol by head space gas chromatography. High
      concentrations of polyethylene glycol were used to remove the hemoglobin and
      approximately 50% of the plasma protein. Artifactual formation of acetaldehyde
      from ethanol was inhibited by sodium azide. Using this method, no artifactual
      acetaldehyde was detectable in human, dog, sheep, and rat blood when spiked with
      ethanol in final concentrations of 65 mM. The recovery of added acetaldehyde was
      approximately 80% for human dog, and sheep blood, whereas it was only 30% for rat
      blood. Following ethanol administration, acetaldehyde levels were determined in
      blood taken from the pulmonary artery and descending aorta of the dog and human,
      and also from the hepatic vein of the latter. The relative blood acetaldehyde
      concentrations at these sites were hepatic vein greater than pulmonary artery
      greater than descending aorta.

PMID- 6362470
TI  - Selective breeding for a multivariate index of ethanol dependence in mice:
      results from the first five generations.
AB  - Starting with a population of genetically heterogeneous mice (HS/lbg), selection
      for a multivariate index of the ethanol withdrawal syndrome has been initiated.
      The study uses within-litter selection to minimize inbreeding and includes
      replicate high, low, and control lines. After five generations, results indicate
      that selection is proceeding successfully. There is evidence of asymmetry in the
      selection, i.e., selection is proceeding more rapidly for signs of severe
      withdrawal than for mild withdrawal signs. The realized heritability after five
      generations of within-family selection is approximately 0.15. These selected
      lines should eventually prove useful in determining some of the underlying
      genetic, physiological, and biochemical mechanisms involved in ethanol
      dependence.

PMID- 6362471
TI  - Orally administered grass pollen.
AB  - In 1900 it was claimed that oral administration of ragweed could be used for the
      hyposensitization of hay fever patients. Several uncontrolled trials have been
      published, all showing an effect of oral hyposensitization. Only one study was
      controlled and showed no effect of oral hyposensitization. It was decided to
      undertake controlled clinical trials to determine the safety and effectiveness of
      orally administered enteric-coated grass pollen tablets in patients with hay
      fever. The actual grass pollen dose in the first trial was 30 times the dose that
      is normally recommended for preseasonal oral pollen hyposensitization using
      pollen aqueous solution or pollen powder. The safety study will be described
      here. Twelve young adults with a history of grass pollen hay fever positive skin
      prick test and positive nasal provocation test with extracts of timothy grass
      pollen were randomly allocated to one of the treatment groups with four patients
      in each group taking enteric-coated Conjuvac Timothy tablets or enteric-coated
      Whole Timothy pollen tablets or enteric-coated placebo tablets. The study was
      double blind. Preseasonally, the patients received 342,500 PNU and in total they
      received 4,500,000 PNU during 6 months. The patients receiving active treatment
      did not have any side effects. No significant changes were shown in the skin and
      nasal reactivity to grass pollen during the study. Neither were there any changes
      in timothy-specific IgE, IgG, total IgE nor histamine liberation from basophils.

PMID- 6362472
TI  - [Atelectasis - bronchoscopy and unilateral ventilation].
AB  - Atelectasis in the postsurgical patient or patients on artificial ventilation
      problems is a frequently occurring complication. Bronchoscopy, local secretion
      removal by suction, lavage and vigorous positive pressure ventilation in many
      cases fail to re-expand the collapsed lung. Intubation after bronchoscopy by a
      double lumen tube permits systematic overinflation of the collapsed lung whereas
      the other lung is open to atmospheric pressure. In this manner the opening
      pressure of the collapsed lung can be overcome without overdistension of the
      other lung. The result is a marked improvement of oxygenation by reducing the
      venous admixture in lung.

PMID- 6362473
TI  - [Digitalis on its bicentennial].

PMID- 6362475
TI  - Collective bargaining and the nursing profession.

PMID- 6362474
TI  - [The physics of cold and medicine].

PMID- 6362476
TI  - Informed consent--new drugs or procedures.

PMID- 6362477
TI  - Cardiac complications during use of etomidate.
AB  - Two patients are described who exhibited cardiac complications during
      administration of etomidate. One patient showed myocardial ischaemia and the
      other developed cardiac asystole.

PMID- 6362478
TI  - Zebulon Mennell. A pioneer of neurosurgical anaesthesia.
AB  - Dr. Zebulon Mennell, the first anaesthetist to devote himself largely to
      anaesthesia for neurosurgery, was born on 15 June 1876. He graduated at St.
      Thomas's Hospital in London, where he was an anaesthetist. He was also an
      anaesthetist at the Royal National Hospital for Nervous Diseases, Queen Square,
      London, a post which he held until 1945. His writings indicate that he
      appreciated the problems of neurosurgical anaesthesia and he was the first
      individual to work in this field as a specialist.

PMID- 6362479
TI  - Polyacrylamide gels which contain a novel mixed disulfide compound can be used to
      detect enzymes that catalyze thiol-producing reactions.
AB  - The synthesis of N-[5-(hydroxyethyl)dithio-2-nitrobenzoylaminoethyl] acrylamide
      (I) is described. If the disulfide bond in this compound is reduced with thiol
      reagents, an intense yellow color develops (epsilon 412 V 13,600 at pH 7.4) due
      to essentially the same chromophore as 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid, the reduced
      form of 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)(Ellman's reagent). Polyacrylamide
      gels were prepared that were crosslinked with N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide and
      which contained I as an integral part of the polymerized acrylamide chain.
      Acetylcholinesterase (from electric eel and human brain tissue slices) and
      alkaline phosphatase (from Escherichia coli and calf intestine) were subjected to
      electrophoresis and then the gels were immersed in an appropriate thiol-substrate
      buffer (acetylthiocholine and cysteamine-S-phosphate, respectively). A yellow
      band developed rapidly in the acrylamide gel at the site of enzyme activity.
      Electrophoresis on the mixed disulfide-polyacrylamide gel proved to be a rapid
      and sensitive technique to detect very small amounts of enzyme (approximately
      0.02 fmol acetylcholinesterase) and should have wide application for detecting
      other enzymes that hydrolyze thiol substrates.

PMID- 6362480
TI  - Purification and fluorometric assay of proteinase A from yeast.
AB  - Proteinase A was purified from commercial baker's yeast to homogeneity by using
      affinity chromatography. Simple and sensitive fluorometric assay procedures were
      developed for this enzyme, where Suc-Arg-Pro-Phe-His-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-4
      methylcoumaryl-7-amide and dimethylcasein were used as synthetic substrate and
      protein substrate, respectively. Proteinase A cleaved the former substrate at the
      Leu-Val bond. The extent of the cleavage was monitored by measuring the amount of
      fluorescent 7-amino-4-methylcoumarine produced by the successive cleavage with an
      auxiliary enzyme, aminopeptidase M, or by measuring the fluorescence generated by
      the reaction of newly formed amino groups with fluorescamine. In the assay with
      the latter substrate, the amounts of newly formed amino groups were measured by
      the reaction with fluorescamine. The optimal pH of the reaction was 5.0 to 5.5.
      The methods were applied to the study of the effects of denaturing agents on the
      activity of proteinase A.

PMID- 6362481
TI  - Improved liquid chromatographic determination of serum cortisol with double
      internal standardization compared to radioimmunoassay and fluorometry, and
      evaluated by isotope dilution/mass spectrometry.
AB  - A sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method
      for the determination of cortisol in only 200 microliters of serum is described.
      Cortisol and two internal standards, 19-nortestosterone (IS1) and 6 alpha
      methylprednisolone (IS2) are extracted with dichloromethane and analyzed on a C18
      reversed-phase column eluted with a mobile phase of methanol:water at a flow rate
      of 0.75 ml/min. Ultraviolet absorption at 254 nm is used for detection and
      quantitation is performed by peak height ratio measurement. Using 200 microliters
      of serum, the lower limit of detection for cortisol is 10 ng/ml, the analytical
      recovery is 104 +/- 3.6% (n = 8), and the day-to-day precision was 1.69% at a
      level of 90 ng/ml (n = 16). Cortisol values obtained by this method were
      generally lower than those obtained by radioimmunoassay or by fluorometry. A
      serum pool was analyzed both by HPLC and by isotope dilution/mass spectrometry
      (ID/MS). A mean value of 90.1 ng/ml was obtained by HPLC (n = 16, CV = 1.7%),
      whereas ID/MS yielded a mean of 90.8 ng/ml (n = 28, CV = 0.4%). These results
      clearly demonstrate the high specificity and the accuracy of the HPLC procedure.
      The use of two internal standards not only compensates for losses during the
      sample manipulation but also prevents erroneous results in case of medication by
      either of these two products.

PMID- 6362482
TI  - A versatile microfiltration device.
AB  - A versatile vacuum microfiltration device was designed for separation of small
      volumes of liquid from samples of cells or subcellular organelles through
      membrane filters. It is especially useful for separation of small samples from
      radioactive tracer when low blank values are mandatory for the performance of the
      measurement. In the present communication the microfiltration device was used for
      the separation of organelles from incubation medium labeled with 45Ca2+ for
      measurement of uptake of 45Ca2+ by small samples of liver or pancreatic islet
      mitochondria or of pancreatic islet secretory granules. Measurement of 45Ca2+
      uptake was possible in samples containing less than 1 microgram of protein even
      if the sample was incubated with only 10,000 cpm of 45CaCl2. Blank values ranged
      only between 2.6 and 4.7% of the test values. The device should be useful for a
      variety of applications in many research areas where sample volumes are small.

PMID- 6362483
TI  - Single-cell partition analysis--a direct fluorescence technique for examining
      ligand-macromolecule interactions.
AB  - Single-cell partition analysis is described as a novel technique for examining
      ligand-macromolecule interactions. This procedure is a combination of the
      classical fluorescence titration technique and phase-partition techniques and
      allows three separate methods for calculating and comparing both free and bound
      drug concentrations. The value of this technique is demonstrated by the
      comparison of the binding properties of the potent antitumor antibiotic
      adriamycin and ethidium bromide to nucleic acids. Binding isotherms of both drugs
      were obtained at low r (concentration of bound drug per base pair) values,
      showing strikingly different results, thus allowing insight to be gained into the
      cooperative binding of these drugs to DNA.

PMID- 6362484
TI  - Detection of enzymatic activities in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels:
      DNA polymerases as model enzymes.
AB  - Recent techniques for detecting the catalytic activity of enzymes in sodium
      dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels have been hampered by lack of
      reproducibility associated with variability in commercial SDS preparations.
      Simple expedients which facilitate reproducible detection of DNA polymerase
      activity and which appear to be widely applicable to detection of other enzymes
      are reported here. It was observed that reproducibility of a reported procedure
      for DNA polymerase detection (Spanos, A., Sedgwick, S. G., Yarranton, G. T.,
      Hubscher, U., and Banks, G. R. (1981) Nucl. Acids Res. 9, 1825-1839) depends on
      the SDS used for electrophoresis, and that sensitivity is markedly reduced if
      currently available SDS is substituted for the discontinued product specified by
      Spanos et al. A modified procedure yielding sensitivity with contemporary
      commercial SDS, which exceeds the sensitivity observed when using the protocol
      and the SDS originally specified, is described. The modifications employed, which
      presumably promote renaturation of enzymes, are (1) embedding fibrinogen in gels
      and (2) washing detergent from gels with aqueous isopropanol after
      electrophoresis. These expedients permit detection of picogram amounts of
      Escherichia coli DNA polymerase 1 and its Klenow fragment and nanogram amounts of
      calf thymus alpha and rat liver (Novikoff hepatoma) beta polymerases. Finally, it
      is shown that sensitivity of DNA polymerase detection is reduced by lipophilic
      contaminants in contemporary commercial SDS, and that the expedients employed
      here mitigate the deleterious effect of these impurities.

PMID- 6362485
TI  - Assay of UDP, GDP, CDP, and ADP reductase activities by column chromatography on
      polyethyleneimine cellulose.
AB  - Deoxyribonucleosides were separated from ribonucleosides by chromatography on
      polyethyleneimine cellulose columns (Pasteur pipettes. The deoxyribonucleosides
      were quantitatively eluted with 25 mM boric acid in less than 10 ml while the
      ribonucleosides were retained. The ribonucleosides were eluted with 1 M NaCl.
      This method was utilized to assay for GDP, UDP, ADP, and CDP reductase activities
      after hydrolysis of the substrate and product nucleotides to the corresponding
      nucleosides. All four reductase activities were assayed using identical
      conditions of column size, eluting solution (25 mM boric acid), and elution
      volume. The use of polyethyleneimine cellulose columns with boric acid can be
      adapted to other enzyme assays such as purine nucleoside phosphorylase and for
      the isolation of deoxyribonucleotides from cellular extracts.

PMID- 6362486
TI  - Detection of phospholipid biosynthetic enzyme activities in Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae by colony autoradiography.
AB  - The colony autoradiography method (C. R. H. Raetz (1975) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.
      USA 72, 2274-2278) was modified for the detection of CDP-diacylglycerol synthase,
      phosphatidylinositol synthase, phosphatidylserine synthase, and
      phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase activities of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
      colonies on filter paper replica prints. Colonies were replica printed onto
      filter paper, permeabilized by air drying, and assayed for enzyme activities with
      labeled substrates. Autoradiograms of replica prints, following enzyme assays,
      showed dark halos indicating the enzymatic synthesis of labeled phospholipid
      products. The method was also used to detect a cho 1 mutant defective in
      phosphatidylserine synthase and a strain that overproduces phosphatidylserine
      synthase. The method should become a valuable tool in isolating yeast strains
      defective in phospholipid biosynthetic enzyme activities and strains with
      overproduced enzyme activities.

PMID- 6362487
TI  - Origins of risk assessment.

PMID- 6362488
TI  - [The islands of Langerhans in rats (Rattus norvegicus, Forma alba) following
      administration of prednisolone - semi-quantitative light and electron microscopy
      study].
AB  - Light microscopic-histological and ultrastructural alterations of rat pancreatic
      islands and their A- and B-cells were studied after daily injections of
      prednisolone suspension in a high dosage. After 7 respectively 14 d we noted
      light microscopically an enlargement of islands, caused by an island cell
      hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Electron microscopically we found a remarkable
      degranulation and vacuolization of islands B-cells and a significant enlargement
      of A-cell granules. The observed alterations were discussed in respect to the
      prednisolone stress.

PMID- 6362489
TI  - [F. V. Raspail, founder of histochemistry and pioneer of the cell theory,
      reflected in contemporary medals].
AB  - Contemporary medals on F. V. Raspail are not related to the pioneering scientist,
      founder of histochemistry and pioneer of cell theory. They show the politician
      Raspail on cheap coinage popular as a souvenir and sign of political following.
      Raspail's personality and political mind made science and politics inseparable
      for him. For the general public Raspail first of all was a political man.

PMID- 6362490
TI  - Vasoconstrictors in spinal anesthesia with tetracaine--a comparison of
      epinephrine and phenylephrine.
AB  - A randomized double-blind study was conducted in 50 orthopedic patients to
      determine the effect of epinephrine and phenylephrine on the anesthetic
      properties of intrathecally administered tetracaine. Two doses of each
      vasoconstrictor agent were studied: 0.2 mg of epinephrine, 0.3 mg of epinephrine,
      1 mg of phenylephrine, and 2 mg of phenylephrine. The results show that both
      vasoconstrictor agents in the doses used significantly prolong duration of
      sensory anesthesia and motor blockade produced by the subarachnoid administration
      of tetracaine. At equipotent doses no differences existed between the ability of
      epinephrine and phenylephrine to prolong the duration of spinal anesthesia
      produced by tetracaine.

PMID- 6362491
TI  - Acute hemodynamic changes during renal transplantation.

PMID- 6362492
TI  - [Clinical death. Psychophysiological aspects].

PMID- 6362493
TI  - [Anesthesia and the surfactant system of the lungs].

PMID- 6362494
TI  - [Muscular factors in chronic obstructive respiratory insufficiency. Therapeutic
      implications].

PMID- 6362495
TI  - [Pulmonary edema following generalized peritonitis in a 4-year-old child].
AB  - Following a recent case of adult-type respiratory distress syndrome in a four
      year old child, the rare occurrence of this pathology in visceral paediatric
      surgery is recalled. The few published cases do not allow a comparison of the
      mortality in paediatric and adult patients. The treatment is discussed, as well
      as the results of pulmonary function tests performed some time after the acute
      pulmonary episode.

PMID- 6362496
TI  - Pacemaker insertion for prehospital bradyasystolic cardiac arrest.
AB  - We investigated the use of transvenous (TV) and transmyocardial (TM) pacemakers
      in the emergency department (ED) in 54 adult patients (42 men and 12 women) with
      bradyasystolic cardiac arrest. Down time prior to cardiopulmonary resuscitation
      (CPR) was 4.8 +/- 4.3 minutes. Time in the ED prior to pacer insertion was 26.9
      +/- 17.7 minutes. Electrical capture rate was 63%. Pulse developed in 5%. Only
      1.2% were admitted, and none was discharged alive. There was no significant
      difference in capture rate for TV versus TM pacers or in capture rate whether the
      pacer was inserted early or late after ED arrival. We conclude that ED pacer
      insertion for such patients does not alter survival rates.

PMID- 6362497
TI  - Effect of salicylates on intestinal secretion in calves given (intestinal loops)
      Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin.
AB  - The inhibitory effect of salicylates on intestinal secretion in 1- to 5-day-old
      calves given Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (ST)-induced intestinal
      fluid response was investigated. Purified ST was diluted in isotonic saline
      solution to obtain 1:10, 1:25, 1:50, 1:75, and 1:100 dilutions. Each dilution (1
      ml) was inoculated into ligated loops in the distal part of the jejunum of each
      calf. Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) given orally (100 mg/kg) at 4 hours before
      ST was inoculated did not substantially alter the intestinal fluid response to
      ST. Sodium salicylate (IV) infusion, begun simultaneously when, or at 1 hour
      after, ST was inoculated, significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased fluid
      accumulation in those loops inoculated with ST dilutions of 1:25 or greater. The
      sodium and potassium concentrations of the accumulated fluid did not differ
      significantly between or within treatment groups. These results indicate that
      sodium salicylate infusion may be beneficial in treating enterotoxic
      colibacillosis in calves. Aspirin given orally at the dose used in the present
      study, would not have any beneficial effect.

PMID- 6362498
TI  - Sequential response of milk leukocytes, albumin, immunoglobulins, monovalent
      ions, citrate, and lactose in cows given infusions of Escherichia coli endotoxin
      into the mammary gland.
AB  - Changes in concentrations of both the cellular and the humoral components of milk
      are known to occur during mastitis. This study was conducted to determine
      temporal changes in the concentrations of leukocytes, albumin, immunoglobulins
      (Ig), monovalent ions, lactose, and citrate in milk during the initial phases of
      simulated mastitis. Ten cows whose udders were pathogen free and had milk
      leukocyte counts of less than 0.5 X 10(6)/ml were used. Two dosages of
      Escherichia coli endotoxin were administered to simulate various degrees of
      mastitis. Two quarters in each cow were infused with the endotoxin and the other
      2 served as controls. Quarter milk samples were collected frequently before and
      after infusion. Within 2 hours after infusion of a 100-micrograms dose of
      endotoxin, clinical mastitis was observed in most of the infused quarters.
      Leukocytes, albumin, IgG1, and conductivity showed significant increases. Values
      before infusion and at postinfusion (PI) hour 2 were as follows: leukocytes, 0.33
      and 3.65 X 10(6)/ml, respectively; albumin, 0.38 and 4.49 mg/ml; IgG1, 0.34 and
      0.79 mg/ml; and conductivity, 6.0 and 6.9 mmho. Average of the peak values and
      their average relative time of appearance after infusion were as follows:
      leukocytes, 28.82 X 10(6)/ml at 16 hours; albumin, 9.37 mg/ml at 4 hours; IgG1,
      1.35 mg/ml at 4 hours; and conductivity, 95.5 mmho at 10 hours. The IgG1 values
      tended to remain high in the presence of rapidly declining albumin
      concentrations, indicating the possibility of an active, rather than a passive,
      transfer of IgG1 from the circulation. The response to the 10-micrograms dose of
      endotoxin ranged from subclinical to clinically mild mastitis with lesser
      cellular and humoral responses.

PMID- 6362500
TI  - Changes in penetrability of bovine papillary duct to endotoxin after milking.
AB  - The relative penetrability of bovine papillary ducts was assayed using frequency
      of inflammatory response to implantation of Escherichia coli endotoxin at a depth
      of 3 mm. Penetrability immediately after machine milking, compared with
      penetrability after delays of 10 to 480 minutes, indicated a decrease in
      frequency of penetrability to a minimum at 2 hours after milking, a decrease of
      about 75%. Four and 8 hours after milking, frequency of penetrability increased
      to about 55% of that measured immediately after milking.

PMID- 6362499
TI  - Effectiveness of fenbendazole against later 4th-stage Strongylus vulgaris in
      ponies.
AB  - Twelve pony foals (reared worm-free) were inoculated with Strongylus vulgaris.
      Approximately 8 weeks later, 4 of the foals were given fenbendazole (10%
      suspension) at a dosage rate of 10 mg/kg of body weight daily for 5 days and 4
      foals were given the suspension at a dosage rate of 50 mg/kg daily for 3 days;
      the remaining foals were given a placebo. All treatments were administered by
      stomach tube. Fenbendazole was 99.6 and 97.9% effective in the 2 treatment
      groups, respectively, in eliminating later 4th-stage S vulgaris larvae located
      near the origin of major intestinal arteries. On microscopic examination of the
      ileocolic artery from fenbendazole-treated foals, a few larval remnants were
      found beneath the tunica intima in small organized mural thrombi overgrown with
      endothelium. It would appear that larvae are rapidly destroyed after
      administration of fenbendazole. A pony foal reared on pasture and with
      arteriographic evidence of arteritis of the cranial mesenteric and ileocolic
      arteries was treated with fenbendazole (10% suspension) by stomach tube at a
      dosage rate of 50 mg/kg of body weight daily for 3 days. By arteriographic
      examination made 4 weeks later, there was evidence of regression of the lesion,
      and at necropsy done a week later, there was no arteritis or larvae in the lumen
      of those arteries.

PMID- 6362501
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of porcine jejunal loops infused with Escherichia
      coli endotoxin.
AB  - Phenol-extracted Escherichia coli endotoxin was infused into ligated jejunal
      loops in 3 pigs. Tissue samples were collected from the center of each loop 6
      hours later and examined with scanning electron microscopy. Control loops infused
      with pyrogen-free water were examined, as well as nonligated biopsy and blind
      loop samples. Loops infused with endotoxin had predominantly ridge-shaped villi,
      many actively secreting goblet cells, and numerous large epithelial ulcerations
      involving the tips and sides of villi. Tight junction disruption between
      epithelial cells was observed in 1 pig. In contrast, small ulcers were rarely
      seen in ligated control loops. Villi were predominantly tongue-shaped, and goblet
      cell activity was moderate. Pathologic changes were greater in endotoxin-infused
      loops than in water-infused loops at 6 hours after infusion.

PMID- 6362502
TI  - Serologic diagnosis of infectious cyclic thrombocytopenia in dogs using an
      indirect fluorescent antibody test.
AB  - An indirect fluorescent antibody test was used for detection of serum antibodies
      to the platelet-specific rickettsial organism that is the causative agent of
      infectious cyclic thrombocytopenia (ICT) in dogs. The test converted from
      negative to positive in 7 of 7 experimentally inoculated dogs. One of 2 attempts
      to recover the rickettsial agent of ICT from naturally occurring seropositive
      dogs, by blood inoculation of experimental dogs, was successful. Seemingly, the
      test did not detect antibodies to Ehrlichia canis, nor did a similar test, using
      E canis antigen slides, detect antibodies to the rickettsial agent of ICT. The
      rickettsial agent of ICT has been classified tentatively as E platys. When
      applied to sera from a group of healthy random-source dogs, the test revealed a
      relatively low (5%) occurrence of positive reactions. A higher occurrence of
      positive reactions (35%) was noticed in sera from a group of thrombocytopenic
      dogs from the University of Florida. A majority of these positive sera were also
      positive for antibodies to E canis. The highest occurrence of positive reactions
      was found (greater than 50%) in E canis-positive sera from dogs at the University
      of Florida, as well as from dogs from 9 other states.

PMID- 6362503
TI  - The Colorado Clinical Psychology/Expanded Mental Health Benefits Experiment. An
      introductory commentary.

PMID- 6362504
TI  - A summary of the Colorado Clinical Psychology/Expanded Mental Health Benefits
      Experiment.

PMID- 6362505
TI  - Toward continued independent living for older Americans.

PMID- 6362506
TI  - President's address. Chirurgeon generalis--an endangered species.

PMID- 6362507
TI  - [Bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of acute childhood leukosis].

PMID- 6362508
TI  - [Advances in the treatment of acute myeloblastic leukemias in children].

PMID- 6362509
TI  - Primary Kaposi's sarcoma of the head and neck.
AB  - Kaposi's sarcoma is a cutaneous neoplasm commonly arising in the extremities, and
      rarely in the mucosa or skin of the head and neck. We discuss nine cases of
      Kaposi's sarcoma arising in the head and neck region, retrieved from the files of
      the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, together with 74 cases from the
      literature. The commonest mucosal locations include the conjunctiva, palate,
      tongue, tonsils, and gums; common cutaneous sites are the eyelids, nose, ears,
      and face. Prognosis, sex distribution, and susceptible population groups for the
      head and neck tumor are similar to those for the commoner peripheral cutaneous
      form. Seventy percent of patients were 50 years or older; 15% of tumors occurred
      in children under 16 years. Children under 16 years were more likely to have
      initial head and neck involvement. In our series, 7 of 11 tumors in children
      initially involved the conjunctiva or skin of the eyelid. Recently the incidence
      of Kaposi's sarcoma has been increasing in patients with acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome. The age of incidence for this group is lower; more
      tumors occur on the upper body, skin, and mucosal surfaces of the head and neck;
      and the prognosis is poorer than in traditional cases of Kaposi's sarcoma.

PMID- 6362510
TI  - Late development of systemic lupus erythematosus in patients with glomerular
      "fingerprint" deposits.
AB  - Two patients presenting with nephrotic syndrome but without evidence of collagen
      vascular disease had organized glomerular immune deposits with a "fingerprint"
      pattern. This finding has been previously associated with lupus nephritis and, in
      our institution, has been seen in 6% of the biopsy specimens from patients with
      lupus nephritis. Clinical signs and symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus in
      these two patients did not develop until 2 and 5 years later, respectively. The
      cases of these patients suggest that glomerular deposits with a fingerprint
      pattern may be a specific marker for lupus erythematosus even when overt clinical
      features of this disease are lacking. Patients with this finding on renal biopsy
      should have an extended follow-up for possible development of lupus
      erythematosus.

PMID- 6362511
TI  - Renal transplantation update.
AB  - Various factors affect the outcome of renal transplants in humans. Matching for
      HLA-A, -B, and -DR histocompatibility antigens improves survival rates for renal
      allografts from first cadaver donors. Zero-HLA-A- and -B-antigen-mismatched
      grafts and two-HLA-DR-antigen-matched grafts do better, although results differ
      depending on the recipient's primary renal disease. Pretransplant third-party
      blood transfusions significantly improve survival rates of cadaver donor
      allografts. The mechanism of this beneficial effect has not been identified;
      however, blood transfusions probably do not "select out" high responders among
      potential recipients by stimulating the production of lymphocytotoxic antibodies.
      Cyclosporine has been heralded as a potent, nonspecific immunosuppressive agent
      that will significantly improve renal allograft survival rates. The selectivity
      of cyclosporine's effect on T lymphocytes is advantageous; however, its side
      effects, especially nephrotoxicity, may limit its usefulness. Attention to the
      potential surgical complications of renal transplantation can significantly
      reduce morbidity and mortality.

PMID- 6362512
TI  - Understanding and improving patient compliance.
AB  - The problem of patient compliance, as well as the ability of the physician to
      understand, detect, and improve compliance are described in relation to a new
      model of health decisions and patient behavior. The health decision model
      combines decision analysis, behavioral decision theory, and health beliefs. This
      model provides a framework for modifying general health beliefs; treatment
      recommendations; experience with therapeutic regimens and health care providers;
      patient knowledge and social interaction patterns. Physicians, guided by certain
      ethical restraints, are in a unique position of responsibility and opportunity to
      actively encourage patient compliance with treatment.

PMID- 6362513
TI  - The medical interview: a core curriculum for residencies in internal medicine.
AB  - A core curriculum for teaching medical interviewing is presented that enhances
      the internist's skills in a broad range of interactions with patients. Learning
      these skills is now left to chance and is often deficient. Four objectives are
      developed: patient-centered interviewing and treatment; an integrated
      (biopsychosocial) approach to clinical reasoning and patient care; personal
      development of humanistic values; and psychosocial and psychiatric medicine.
      Teaching options include real and simulated encounters with patients, observation
      with discussion, and use of groups. A general strategy for implementing the
      curriculum at the local level requires the intellectual and financial support of
      the dean and department chairman, and a multidisciplinary faculty committed to
      developing, implementing, and evaluating the curriculum. At many programs,
      faculty development will be necessary.

PMID- 6362514
TI  - Body weight, health, and longevity.
AB  - In the United States, the weight associated with the greatest longevity tends to
      below the average weight of the population under consideration, if such weights
      are not associated with a history of significant medical impairment. Overweight
      persons tend to die sooner than average-weight persons, especially those who are
      overweight at younger ages. The effect of being overweight on mortality is
      delayed and may not be seen in short-term studies. Cigarette smoking is a
      potential confounder of the relationship between obesity and mortality. Studies
      on body weight, morbidity, and mortality must be interpreted with careful
      attention to the definitions of obesity or relative weight used, preexisting
      morbid conditions, the length of follow-up, and confounders in the analysis. The
      terminology of body weight standards should be defined more precisely and cited
      appropriately. An appropriate database relating body weight by sex, age, and
      possibly frame size to morbidity and mortality should be developed to permit the
      preparation of reference tables for defining the desirable range of body weight
      based on morbidity and mortality statistics.

PMID- 6362515
TI  - Primary aldosteronism: diagnosis and differentiation of subtypes.

PMID- 6362516
TI  - [Lesions of the superior mesenteric vessels in closed injuries of the abdomen].

PMID- 6362518
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the healing process of splenic lesions repaired with
      cyanoacrylate or with microsurgical sutures. Experimental research].

PMID- 6362517
TI  - [Renin-secreting renal neoplasms: problems of diagnosis and treatment].

PMID- 6362519
TI  - The control of microbiological hazards associated with air-conditioning and
      ventilation systems.

PMID- 6362520
TI  - Intraocular pressure following aphakic transplants.
AB  - Timolol maleate produced no significant difference in the initial mean
      intraocular pressure after keratoplasty using disparate-sized grafts (7.5 mm
      recipient, 8.0 mm donor). However, timolol did significantly reduce the number of
      eyes with an intraocular pressure elevation greater than 24 mm Hg. A series of
      patients with equal-sized donor and recipient cuts (8.0 mm) had initial
      intraocular pressure of 19.6 mm Hg. The normal intraocular pressure in these
      patients is thought to be due to superficial suturing, thereby preventing angle
      distortion.

PMID- 6362521
TI  - Endogenous endophthalmitis due to Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - Endogenous endophthalmitis due to Salmonella typhimurium is reported in a 1-year
      old child. Despite vigorous antibiotic therapy, the child's vision deteriorated,
      and loss of light perception occurred in the infected eye. Endophthalmitis is a
      very rare complication of salmonellosis, and it should alert physicians because
      of its severe damage to the eye.

PMID- 6362522
TI  - Use of the temporary keratoprosthesis in the subacute management of massive
      ocular trauma.
AB  - The Landers-Foulks temporary operating keratoprosthesis was used in the treatment
      of a severe double perforating injury involving both the cornea and retina in a
      12-year-old boy. The use of the keratoprosthesis permitted surgical intervention
      at the optimal time for successful treatment of the retina and vitreous,
      providing the patient with useful visual acuity. The temporary keratoprosthesis
      is an excellent device for the subacute management of massive ocular trauma
      involving both anterior and posterior segments.

PMID- 6362523
TI  - Adjusting adjustable eye muscle sutures in anesthetized patients.
AB  - This study evaluated the predictability of results by adjusting eye muscle
      sutures in anesthetized patients. Consideration was given to the differences in
      the eye positions when the patient was awake and anesthetized. Observations were
      made under what the anesthesiologist considered was plane two of surgical
      anesthesia with the eyes in a stable position. Care was taken that effects of
      depolarizing agents, if given, had worn off. Twenty-nine operations were
      performed on 28 patients. Results at six months after surgery were consistent
      within 5 degrees (10 PD) of orthotropia in 25 operations. There were three cases
      of undercorrected vision by 6 degrees in patients with esotropia. These patients
      required no additional surgery. One patient had a 10 degrees difference from the
      anticipated result.

PMID- 6362524
TI  - Corneal ulcer disease in Bangladesh.
AB  - The problem of acute infectious corneal disease in Bangladesh is discussed.
      Environmental situations combined with socioeconomic conditions create
      significant blindness due to this disease in this country. Clinical
      differentiation into bacterial and fungal ulcers was usually impossible in the
      advanced stages of ulceration with which the patients presented. Serious
      logistical problems hinder therapy. Fungal ulcers fared worse than bacterial
      ulcers. Conjunctival flaps were unsuccessful in alleviating the former. Critical
      shortage of medication as well as corneal tissue for therapeutic transplantation
      added to the difficulties. Large-scale public health and educational measures are
      indicated for effective, long-term solution.

PMID- 6362525
TI  - [Treatment of Jessner-Kanof disease with thalidomide].
AB  - Five patients present a Jessner-Kanof's lymphocytic infiltration of the skin with
      6-year duration for 4 of them. The skin lesions are numerous on the face and the
      back and characteristic of this disease. Histologic examination shows a
      lymphocytic infiltrate in the dermis without any modification of epidermis.
      Direct immunofluorescent study is negative in all cases. In 3 cases, response to
      chloroquine had been inconsistent or negative. The 5 cases have a excellent
      result with 100 mg/day of Thalidomide. In 4 cases the skin lesions reappear when
      treatment is stopped. With a continuous treatment of 25-50 mg/day for more than 2
      years, 3 of 5 patients have normal skin. Thalidomide appears to be the best
      treatment of Jessner-Kanof's disease.

PMID- 6362526
TI  - [Direct immunofluorescence study of the phototest in photodermatosis].

PMID- 6362527
TI  - [Papular tuberculids as a manifestation of major abdominal lymph node
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 6362528
TI  - [Familial benign pemphigus: treatment by desensitization to MRV or candidin].

PMID- 6362529
TI  - [Sweet's syndrome. Association with colibacillus septicemia].

PMID- 6362530
TI  - [Teutschlaender's lipocalcinogranulomatosis].

PMID- 6362531
TI  - [Linear IgA bullous dermatosis and Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 6362532
TI  - [Inclan's tumoral calcinosis or Teutschlaender's lipocalcinogranulomatosis:
      possible pathogenic role of vitamin K].

PMID- 6362533
TI  - [Glomerulonephritis and bullous pemphigoid: 2 cases].

PMID- 6362534
TI  - [Nocardiosis with pulmonary and subcutaneous localizations during the treatment
      of bullous pemphigoid].

PMID- 6362535
TI  - [Hepatic larvae of Cestode parasites of the vole rat Arvicola terrestris in
      Auvergne (France)].
AB  - The autopsy of 943 vole rats Arvicola terrestris scherman Shaw (Mammal
      Microtidae) from Auvergne (Departments of Puy-de-Dome and Cantal) obtained for
      the year 1981 and 1982 shows evidence of four different species of hepatic
      cestode larvae. Cysticercus fasciolaris occurred in 37 (3.92%), Echinococcus
      multilocularis in 23 (2.44%), C. tenuicollis in 11 (1.16%) and C. laticollis in
      10 (1.06%). C. longicollis occurred in one (0.10%) as parasite of the abdominal
      cavity. There is usually just one larva for a liver but a multiple parasitism is
      not excluded: 2 larvae of C. fasciolaris (2 cases), or 3 or 5 larvae (one case
      each); 5 larvae of C. tenuicollis (1 case). Mixed parasitism also is possible (C.
      fasciolaris + C. laticollis: 1 case. C. fasciolaris + E. multilocularis: 3
      cases). So 77 livers (8.16%) are parasitized. The role of the vole rat in the
      epidemiology of the five species of cestodes is discussed. Anatomical and
      histological aspects are described for each species to make certain the
      differential and specific diagnosis of the young and frequent E. multilocularis
      larvae.

PMID- 6362536
TI  - [The Auvergnan focus of alveolar echinococcosis. Research on the intermediate
      host, description of the lesions].
AB  - Echinococcus multilocularis larvae occurred in 23 (2.44%) of the 943 adult vole
      rats (Arvicola terrestris scherman Shaw, Mammal Microtidae) collected in the
      mountanous center of France (Massif Central, departments of Puy-de-Dome and
      Cantal, province of Auvergne) and obtained from August 1981 to Aug. 1982 in seven
      different localities. According to this localities, the average percentage of
      parasitized voles changes from zero to 4.65%; according to the month of the year,
      these percentages change from 0.6 to 3.6 in the active sites while unusual peaks
      can be reached (17.5 in January in the Allanche focus with yearly prevalence of
      3%). The favorable focuses remain active the whole year. The different aspects of
      the anatomo-pathological changes of the livers are described, particularly those
      due to young larvae. 14 (60%) of the 23 larvae are young, small and infertile
      hydatids. Only 2 (8.7%) of the 23 are fertile. One of these two larvae seems to
      degenerate and produces a few protoscolex alive; the other simulates a
      plurilocular larva of E. granulosus, restricted to a single lobe well delimited
      by the fibrous adventitia and produces the protoscolex in great number. These
      observations prove the good receptivity of the vole rat to the local strain of
      the parasite but seem to attest its relative inaptitude to bring the larva to
      maturity. The dispersion of the alveolar echinococcosis among the wild animals in
      Auvergne (8.5 of the foxes parasitized and 2.44% of the vole rats) realised a
      permanent threat of contamination as regard rural population or people on holiday
      during the summer. The risk seems to be weak (5 human cases of hepatic alveolar
      hydatid disease for ten years) but actual.

PMID- 6362538
TI  - John Hunter's application of science to surgery.

PMID- 6362537
TI  - Benign tumours of the bronchus and trachea, 1951-1981.
AB  - A review has been made of 128 benign tumours of the bronchus seen at a Regional
      Thoracic Surgery Centre during the 30-year period, 1951-1981. These have included
      74 cases of carcinoid tumour of the bronchus and 38 cases of hamartoma. The
      similarity of the histological appearances of carcinoid to oat cell carcinoma is
      stressed, together with its clinical implications. A 5-30-year follow-up of the
      cases of bronchial carcinoid shows that it is essentially a benign tumour, though
      late recurrence may occur. The use of the somewhat forgotten technique of a
      Gebauer skin graft in bronchoplastic surgery is described.

PMID- 6362539
TI  - The Clifts and the arts.

PMID- 6362540
TI  - A comparison of skin grafting and healing by granulation following axillary
      excision for hidradenitis suppurativa.

PMID- 6362541
TI  - Escherichia coli isolated from calves with diarrhea: mannose-resistant
      haemagglutination and colonisation factor.
AB  - A study was carried out for detection of the adhesive antigen K99 on 84
      Escherichia coli strains isolated from calves with diarrhea. The methods utilized
      were the Brush-Border and the slide agglutination tests; the strains were also
      tested in their ability to evoke mannose-resistant haemagglutination. The
      positive results obtained with the slide agglutination test were higher with
      comparison to the positive results obtained with other tests. The bacteria had
      the other piliated structures, besides the K99 antigen, that require further
      studies.

PMID- 6362542
TI  - Sequential changes in serum albumin, immunoglobulin (IgG1, IgG2, IgM) and
      lactoferrin concentrations in milk following infusion of Escherichia coli into
      the udder of immunised and unimmunised cows.
AB  - Two immunised and three unimmunised cows were infected in a single mammary gland
      with 10(4) CFU of the vaccine Escherichia coli strain. Immunisation comprised
      systemic (subcutaneous) injection of killed bacteria at drying-off and one
      intramammary infusion five weeks later. Immunoglobulin (Ig) G1, IgG2, lgM, serum
      albumin (BSA) and lactoferrin concentrations were monitored by sampling the
      inoculated glands at 2 h-intervals during the first 16 h post-inoculation, then
      at each milking for four days. Whether immunised or not, mammary glands started
      to react at 10 h post-inoculation. During the early acute phase, IgG1 and IgG2
      permeated from blood into milk at a rate similar to BSA. Later on, IgM (and at a
      lower degree IgG1) concentrations were higher than expected on the basis of
      passive transfer. Marked protein exudation was seen in all of the cows but one.
      Nevertheless, this cow (immunised) showed an intense cellular reaction like the
      other animals. Lactoferrin concentrations rose from 24-32 h post-inoculation and
      remained elevated to the end of the observed period in inoculated quarters in
      unimmunised cows. By contrast, in immunised cows lactoferrin concentrations
      remained low. Heat-labile bactericidal activity against a serum-sensitive E. coli
      strain appeared concomitantly with rise in BSA concentration. Heat-resistant
      bactericidal activity of cell-free milk was detected one or two days later in
      three of the cows. Bacteriological cure of quarters occurred without therapy in
      all cases.

PMID- 6362543
TI  - Experimental mastitis with Escherichia coli: sequential response of leukocytes
      and opsonic activity in milk of immunised and unimmunised cows.
AB  - Two immunised and three unimmunised cows were challenged in a single mammary
      gland with 10(4) colony forming units of the vaccinal Escherichia coli strain.
      Immunisation comprised subcutaneous injection of killed bacteria with adjuvant at
      drying-off, and one intramammary infusion (without adjuvant) five weeks later.
      Somatic-cell counts and bacterial counts were monitored throughout the
      experiment. Bactericidal and opsonic properties of milk were assessed before
      inoculation and at 6, 12, and 24 h post-inoculation. Before challenge, cell-free
      milk of immunised cows enabled blood PMN leukocytes to kill the E. coli vaccine
      strain (B117) whereas in cell-free milk of unimmunised cows growth resulted.
      Nevertheless, in vivo E. coli B117 were able to grow in milk of all of the cows
      until they triggered an inflammatory reaction. Influx of cells started between 8
      and 10 h post-inoculation in all of the cows but was more intense in immunised
      cows during the first six hours of inflammation. In vitro tests showed that whole
      mastitic milk acquired high bactericidal activity at the onset of inflammation.
      Although one immunised cow displayed clinical signs, milk yields of unimmunised
      animals were depressed to a higher extent. These results suggest that
      immunisation was able to enhance recruitment of phagocytic cells and to establish
      pre-inflammatory opsonic activity in milk.

PMID- 6362544
TI  - Infant mouse model of E. coli diarrhoea: clinical protection induced by
      vaccination of the mothers.
AB  - Protection of infant mice against experimental E. coli B41 diarrhoea by
      immunization of the mothers with homologous E. coli strain was studied. The
      influence of the number, dose, route and moment of vaccination(s) on protection,
      measured by the reduced mortality rate of infant mice during the 15 days
      following oral challenge, was tested. The highest dose of vaccine, namely 10(8)
      formalin-killed E. coli by parenteral routes or 3 X 10(9) live E. coli by peroral
      (p.o.) route resulted in the best effect, whatever the immunization procedure
      used. A single vaccination of the mothers mainly delayed death without marked
      reduction of the mortality rate. Subcutaneous (s.c.) immunization with 10(8)
      formalin-killed E. coli was nevertheless more efficient than p.o. vaccination
      with 3 X 10(8) live E. coli. Equal levels of protection were observed when the
      above s.c. vaccination occurred either 15 days before the onset of gestation or
      on the 8th day or 15th day. In contrast, the p.o. immunization resulted in no
      effect when done on the 15th day of gestation. Great improvement in protection
      was obtained with two vaccinations, when priming occurred 15 days before the
      onset of gestation and boosting on the 8th day, except with two combined p.o.
      vaccinations with 3 X 10(8) live E. coli. Both dosages of priming and boosting
      seemed to matter. Peroral, subcutaneous or intraperitoneal priming with about
      10(8) E. coli resulted in nearly equal effects, when boosting occurred
      subcutaneously with 10(8) killed E. coli. However, i.p. priming probably resulted
      in some non-specific effect, as shown by the slower clinical evolution of the
      controls. A tenfold dosage increase in p.o. priming alone led to the best
      protective effect observed when boosting was done three weeks after priming. The
      occurrence of s.c. boosting one week later, namely four weeks after priming,
      markedly improved protection with every route tested, and more particularly with
      the s.c. one. However, complete protection was never obtained. Protective effect
      was mostly transmitted after birth by the colostrum and the milk of the immune
      mothers, as demonstrated by cross-fostering experiments. Using the best
      immunization procedures, variability of the model was studied, by repeating
      experiments several times. Clinical evolution of the controls was very similar
      from one experiment to another, whatever the route and the moment of
      immunizations. In contrast, vaccinated groups showed variations which increased
      with time, especially on and after seven days following inoculation. Clinical
      evolution of individual litters belonging to the same experimental group
      indicated that each mother did not equally respond to the vaccination.

PMID- 6362545
TI  - [Heart transplantations. Current status. Experience at the Hopital de la Pitie].
AB  - The experience gathered over the last fifteen years of clinical application of
      heart transplants has resulted, in the last two years, in much improved
      results:the survival in our series is 77% at one year and 70% at 2 years. This
      progress is due to the following factors:improved patient selection, with strict
      respect of contraindications, in particular, patients over the age of 50 and
      patients with advanced multi-system failure; improved selection of donors,
      avoiding, within the limitations of immunological compatibility, grafts in poor
      condition from subjects over the age of 35 and a refinement of the operative
      techniques, especially the introduction of more potent immuno-suppressants such
      as Cyclosporin A and improved post-operative monitoring based on immunological
      examinations and repeated endo-myocardial biopsies. These advances will lead to a
      broadening of the operative indications and a wider use of this form of
      treatment.

PMID- 6362546
TI  - [Prostaglandins and the cardiovascular system].
AB  - Prostaglandins have been known for a long time to have a vaso-active action. The
      recent discovery that prostacycline or thromboxane A2 have a greater vascular
      action than the prostaglandins suggests that these substances may have a
      physiological or pathological role, for example in endotoxin shock, anaphylaxis,
      coronary thrombosis, chronic hypertension, etc. The discovery of the leukotrienes
      and their potent biological action of the cardiac rhythm reveals the importance
      of arachidonic acid metabolism, and therefore the fatty acids, in the
      cardiovascular system. This complex and as yet poorly understood metabolism
      offers a variety of options for pharmacological intervention. New approaches to
      drug treatment are being developed which may result in new treatment strategies
      in the years to come, thanks to the improved understanding of the biological role
      of prostaglandins, thromboxane and the leukotrienes in the cardiovascular system.

PMID- 6362547
TI  - Hepatic artery occlusion for liver cancer.
AB  - The survival of patients with tumour growth in the liver is very restricted.
      Interruption of the arterial blood supply to the liver is one method used to
      control tumour growth. This method is based on the findings that liver tumours
      are mainly nourished by the hepatic artery. Different methods are used in order
      to interrupt the arterial blood supply to the liver. Hepatic artery ligation
      (HAL) has been found in animal experiments to be the most reproducible method to
      temporary retard tumour growth. Survival has been shown to be prolonged in
      animals with liver tumours subjected to HAL compared with untreated controls. In
      humans no effect on the survival time has been observed, but the quality of life
      of these patients has been claimed to be improved especially those with the
      carcinoid syndrome. Although interruption of the hepatic arterial blood supply
      has been used clinically for more than 15 years the method is still an
      experimental procedure. Further clinical research in this field requires properly
      designed randomized studies.

PMID- 6362548
TI  - Vitamin D metabolism and function during pregnancy and the neonatal period.
AB  - Recent evidence suggests that vitamin D plays an important role in calcium
      homeostasis during pregnancy and early extrauterine life. Vitamin D is
      metabolized by successive hydroxylations to 25-hydroxyvitamin D and then to 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D, the most potent known metabolite of the vitamin. During
      pregnancy, the concentrations of this metabolite in maternal serum increase in
      parallel with the increased need to absorb dietary calcium. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin
      D is produced in the fetoplacental unit as well as in the maternal kidneys.
      Receptors for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D appear to be present in the placenta
      suggesting that the placenta may be a target for vitamin D action. Developmental
      changes in vitamin D metabolism and action have been documented in the neonate as
      well as in the mother and fetus. Clinical studies indicate that adequate vitamin
      D intake is important during pregnancy. Administration of vitamin D or its
      metabolites appears to be useful in the treatment of neonatal disorders.

PMID- 6362549
TI  - Interaction between blood-sucking arthropods and their hosts, and its influence
      on vector potential.

PMID- 6362550
TI  - Allergic and toxic reactions to non-stinging arthropods.

PMID- 6362551
TI  - Induction of detoxication enzymes in insects.
AB  - Most of the known enzyme systems involved in the degradation of insecticides,
      other xenobiotics, and hormones of insects, appear to be inducible by various
      dietary chemicals, both plant-based and man-made. Although the understanding of
      the mechanism of this phenomenon comes almost entirely from studies of higher
      animals, there are good reasons to believe that the insect system is similar in
      most respects. If so, it involves a recognition system wherein exogenous
      chemicals in the insect's environment can stimulate the production of the enzymes
      that degrade them. Evidence is presented that some plant species and some plant
      allelochemicals are capable of such enhancement and that this is sufficient to
      increase the tolerance of an insect to various insecticides. It is also suggested
      that induction by plant chemicals may be involved in the insect's adaptation to
      its plant diet. Further understanding of the phenomenon, especially in regard to
      the cyclic nature of the process in plants and insects, may be of value in
      organizing pest management programs.

PMID- 6362552
TI  - Evaluation of aztreonam in experimental bacterial meningitis and cerebritis.
AB  - Aztreonam (SQ 26,776), a new monocyclic beta-lactam agent, was compared with
      ampicillin, ampicillin plus chloramphenicol, and gentamicin in rabbits with
      experimental meningitis induced by, respectively, ampicillin-susceptible
      Haemophilus influenzae, ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae, and Escherichia coli.
      Aztreonam was also compared with gentamicin in experimentally induced E. coli
      cerebritis in rats. Doses of the various agents were delivered that produced near
      peak concentrations in serum comparable to those attained in humans on standard
      parenteral regimens. The percent penetration [( concentration in cerebrospinal
      fluid/concentration in serum] X 100) of aztreonam into purulent rabbit
      cerebrospinal fluid was 23% (versus 12, 27, and 21%, respectively, for
      ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin). In experimental meningitis in vivo,
      aztreonam was more rapidly bactericidal than was ampicillin in ampicillin
      susceptible H. influenzae meningitis, ampicillin or chloramphenicol in ampicillin
      resistant H. influenzae meningitis, or gentamicin in E. coli meningitis. In the
      therapy of experimental cerebritis, the early stage of brain abscess formation,
      aztreonam reduced the numbers of E. coli in rat brain as rapidly as did
      gentamicin. Aztreonam deserves further evaluation in acute gram-negative
      bacterial infections of the central nervous system in both experimental animals
      and in humans.

PMID- 6362553
TI  - Prospective comparison of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefaclor in treatment
      of uncomplicated urinary tract infections.
AB  - Patients with acute, uncomplicated urinary tract infections were treated with
      either amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (A-C) in fixed combination or cefaclor for 10
      days in a prospective randomized comparison. The A-C group included 29 women and
      1 man (mean age, 25.5 years), and the cefaclor group included 35 women and 1 man
      (mean age, 24.9 years). The cure rates were 26 (87%) of 30 with A-C and 26 (72%)
      of 36 with cefaclor (P greater than 0.20). There was one failure in each group,
      each caused by an isolate resistant to ampicillin. There were one relapse and two
      reinfections in the A-C group, compared with seven relapses and two reinfections
      in the cefaclor group. Side effects, including patients started on antibiotics
      but whose cultures did not confirm urinary tract infections, were diarrhea in 7
      (16%) and rash in 1 (2%) of 44 A-C patients, compared with diarrhea in 1 (2%) and
      yeast vaginitis in 3 (6%) of 48 cefaclor patients. Although the A-C group had a
      greater proportion of antibody-coated bacterium-positive infections (22 versus 18
      with cefaclor), there was a lower recurrence rate with fewer relapses in patients
      treated with A-C.

PMID- 6362554
TI  - High-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of ceftazidime in serum and urine.
AB  - A rapid and sensitive high-pressure liquid chromatographic procedure was
      developed for quantitative analysis of a new semisynthetic cephalosporin,
      ceftazidime, in serum and urine. A good linear relationship was established
      between peak height and the amount of ceftazidime injected over a concentration
      range of 1.9 to 30 micrograms/ml. Recovery was approximately 90% at
      concentrations of 3, 15, and 30 micrograms/ml. The method is specific for
      ceftazidime, with no interference noted from 11 other beta-lactam antibiotics
      tested. The assay is accurate, reproducible, and useful for pharmacokinetic
      studies in humans as demonstrated in two subjects.

PMID- 6362555
TI  - Enhanced activity of streptomycin and chloramphenicol against intracellular
      Escherichia coli in the J774 macrophage cell line mediated by liposome delivery.
AB  - Streptomycin and chloramphenicol were entrapped within large neutral or anionic
      unilamellar vesicles of egg phosphatidylcholine prepared by an ether injection
      method. Both antibiotics in liposomal form were inactive against Escherichia coli
      in a simple tube dilution assay. A comparison was made of the activities of the
      free and liposomal forms of the antibiotics against E. coli located within the
      macrophages of the J774.2 murine cell line. The apparent intracellular
      antibacterial activity of both antibiotics was increased more than 10-fold by
      entrapment in neutral liposomes and in the case of chloramphenicol in anionic
      liposomes containing phosphatidylserine. Anionic liposomes containing
      phosphatidic acid were much less effective carriers than neutral liposomes for
      either antibiotic in this in vitro system. Incubation at 4 degrees C of cells
      with liposomes containing antibiotic or carboxyfluorescein inhibited
      intracellular antibacterial activity and cell-associated fluorescence. The high
      intracellular activity of the liposomal antibiotics is consistent with their
      phagocytic uptake by the macrophages followed by intracellular liposomal
      degradation and antibiotic release. Liposomal modification of cellular uptake and
      intracellular distribution of antibiotics may be used to extend the activity of
      existing and new agents against intracellular infection of the
      reticuloendothelial system.

PMID- 6362556
TI  - Synthesis and biological activity of tripeptidyl polyoxins as antifungal agents.
AB  - Three tripeptidyl polyoxins were synthesized and found to inhibit Candida
      albicans. Compared with the naturally occurring polyoxin D, the three synthetic
      polyoxins had little effect on chitin synthetase when assayed with a C. albicans
      membrane preparation. However, all the compounds inhibited growth, affected cell
      morphology in a manner similar to that of polyoxin D, and were hydrolyzed by cell
      extracts of C. albicans. Hydrolysis did not occur extracellularly, and at least
      one of the synthetic polyoxins, leucyl-norleucyl-uracil polyoxin C, inhibited
      peptide uptake, suggesting entrance into the cell via the peptide transport
      system. Thus, the intact tripeptidyl polyoxins are inactive prodrugs that are
      converted to active moieties by cellular enzymes.

PMID- 6362557
TI  - Mechanism of action of habekacin, a novel amino acid-containing aminoglycoside
      antibiotic.
AB  - The molecular basis for activity of habekacin was studied by using Escherichia
      coli Q-13. Electron microscopic studies revealed that numerous blebs, derived
      from the outer membrane, were formed on cells treated with habekacin. Cytoplasmic
      contents leaked into the lumina of blebs, and the membrane of some enlarged blebs
      was disrupted. In a cell-free system, habekacin interfered with polypeptide
      synthesis, caused codon misreading, and inhibited translocation of N
      acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA from the acceptor site to the donor site on ribosomes.
      [3H]habekacin bound to both 50S and 30S ribosomal subunits. The current
      experiments indicated that the mechanism of action of habekacin is similar to
      that of 2-deoxystreptamine-containing aminoglycoside antibiotics such as
      dibekacin, kanamycin, gentamicin, and related substances. The relationship of
      membrane damage to inhibition of ribosomal functions remains to be determined.

PMID- 6362558
TI  - Synergism of imipenem and amikacin in combination with other antibiotics against
      Nocardia asteroides.
AB  - The in vitro activities of imipenem (formerly imipemide, N-formimidoyl
      thienamycin, or MK0787) and amikacin in combination with cefotaxime, trimethoprim
      sulfamethoxazole, and each other were tested against 26 Nocardia asteroides
      strains. The agar dilution method was used for all tests. Synergy was present in
      80% of tests with imipenem-trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, in 92% of tests with
      imipenem-cefotaxime, and in 83% of tests with amikacin-trimethoprim
      sulfamethoxazole. Indifference was found on rare occasions, and no antagonism was
      seen.

PMID- 6362559
TI  - Double-blind comparative study of two dosage regimens of cefaclor and amoxicillin
      clavulanic acid in the outpatient treatment of soft tissue infections.
AB  - A total of 88 patients were enrolled in a double-blind comparison of cefaclor and
      amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for the outpatient treatment of soft tissue
      infections (abscesses, cellulitis, and impetigo). In 84 clinically evaluable
      patients, high cure rates were obtained for all treatment groups (64 to 85%).
      Patients who received amoxicillin-clavulanic acid had a much higher incidence of
      gastrointestinal side effects than did patients who received cefaclor (34 versus
      3%, P less than 0.005). However, only five patients with gastrointestinal
      reactions to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid had symptoms severe enough to warrant
      halting the completion of antibiotic therapy.

PMID- 6362560
TI  - Depression of adenosylmethionine content of Escherichia coli by thioglycerol.
AB  - The mechanism of growth inhibition of Escherichia coli by thioglycerol was
      probed. The extent of growth inhibition depended on the ratio of thioglycerol to
      initial cell concentration. Exogenously added methionine and several methionine
      analogues reversed the inhibition of 2 to 40 mM thioglycerol. Exposure to
      thioglycerol elevated the intracellular concentration of methionine, but the
      level of S-adenosylmethionine was depressed. Thioglycerol was methylated in vivo
      to 3-methylthio-1,2-propanediol.

PMID- 6362561
TI  - Inhibition of respiration of Escherichia coli by thioglycerol.
AB  - Anaerobic growth on glucose significantly protected Escherichia coli from growth
      inhibition by thioglycerol. Methionine and anaerobiosis completely overcame
      growth inhibition by 2 to 90 mM thioglycerol. The respiration of aerobically
      growing cells was partially inhibited by 20 to 90 mM thioglycerol.

PMID- 6362562
TI  - Comparison of the concentrations of ceftazidime in the serum of newborn infants
      after intravenous and intramuscular administration.
AB  - The concentrations of ceftazidime in serum were studied in 16 preterm and term
      neonates to whom a single dose of 50 mg/kg had been administered intramuscularly
      or intravenously. After intramuscular injection, concentrations of ceftazidime in
      serum were comparable to those obtained with the intravenous dose, although they
      were more variable. Peak serum levels ranging from 50 to 102 micrograms/ml were
      reached 30 to 60 min after intramuscular injection. The concentrations declined
      monoexponentially after the peak, with a mean half-life of 3.8 +/- 1.1 h.
      Concentrations of ceftazidime in serum declined biexponentially after intravenous
      injection, with a terminal half-life of 4.7 +/- 1.5 h.

PMID- 6362563
TI  - Chemonucleolysis: enzyme eases back pain.

PMID- 6362564
TI  - Wyatt v. Stickney: a historical perspective.
AB  - A decade after Federal Judge Frank M. Johnson rendered the Wyatt v. Stickney
      decision in 1972, the case was again scheduled for a hearing in January, 1983.
      Many of the same issues which were before the Court in the previous decade were
      again considered in the present hearing. The issues presently before the court
      include (a) the plaintiffs' motion for diversion of general fund and oil and gas
      lease funds to the Department of Mental Health for operations, (b) defendants'
      request for termination of the receiver-ship under which the Department presently
      operates, (c) plaintiffs' motion for removal of the governor as receiver and
      appointment of a new receiver; and (d) defendants' motion for modification of the
      injunction to withdraw the Wyatt standards and substitute Title XIX standards.
      Since the original ruling, significant changes have occurred at both the national
      and state levels that will effect the outcome of Wyatt. The historical
      antecedents of this case must be carefully scrutinized in order to understand the
      decision which will be rendered. What decision is ultimately rendered in the
      Wyatt hearings of 1983 will no doubt have a significant effect on services to the
      mentally retarded throughout the United States.

PMID- 6362565
TI  - Issues in the selection and use of mechanical transducers to directly measure
      motor activity in clinical settings.
AB  - The application of instrumentation in the social sciences to measure human
      behavior lags far behind medical practice and the physical sciences. According to
      Rugh and Schwitzgebel (1977), this primitive state of development and lack of
      technological sophistication is related to the prevailing belief that many
      variables of interest to psychologists are not subject to direct measurement. We
      identified five varieties of maladaptive behaviors commonly displayed by mentally
      retarded persons which can be measured directly by means of mechanical
      transducers: hyperactivity, hypoactivity, inadequate postural control, disorders
      of the sleep/wake cycle, and stereotyped movements. The operating characteristics
      of several types of motion sensors were described and issues related to the
      selection and use of these mechanical transducers in clinical settings were
      considered. Finally, various meanings of the terms reliability and validity were
      discussed as they pertain to the clinical application of these mechanical
      measurements of motor activity.

PMID- 6362566
TI  - Failure of nisin to inhibit outgrowth of Clostridium botulinum in a model cured
      meat system.
AB  - Up to 550 ppm (550 micrograms/ml) of nisin in combination with 60 ppm (60
      micrograms/ml) of nitrite failed to prevent outgrowth of Clostridium botulinum
      spores in pork slurries adjusted to pH 5.8. Reducing the pH enhanced nisin
      activity. Proteolytic and nonproteolytic type B spores were equally resistant to
      nisin.

PMID- 6362567
TI  - Chromomycosis. The association of fungal elements and wood splinters.
AB  - In two separate specimens received for histopathologic examination, pigmented
      fungal elements were found within or on embedded wood splinters associated with a
      foreign-body reaction. The fungus was found to be in direct contact with the
      surrounding dermis. These findings support the concept of inoculation as a
      pathogenetic mechanism in cutaneous chromomycosis.

PMID- 6362568
TI  - Archives of Dermatology. Second century.

PMID- 6362569
TI  - Cutaneous group B streptococcal infection.
AB  - A 20-year-old man had a penile ulceration from which a pure, heavy growth of
      group B streptococcus was cultured. Cutaneous infection with this organism is
      unusual, and it is most often reported in postpartum women, diabetic patients,
      and immunocompromised individuals. Vaginal colonization with group B
      streptococcus is common. Since traumatic erosions or ulcerations of the penis are
      not uncommon, it is likely that a certain number of unrecognized infections of
      this type occur.

PMID- 6362570
TI  - Necrotic cellulitis. A localized form of septic vasculitis.
AB  - Cutaneous biopsy specimens from two patients with localized, bacterial, necrotic
      cellulitis showed a neutrophilic vasculitis with fibrin thrombi, changes
      indistinguishable from those seen in a third patient with bacterial septicemia.
      Additional clinical information may be needed before a definitive diagnosis of
      localized or systemic septic vasculitis can be made with certainty. The clinical
      and microscopic features of the lesions and their pathologic mechanisms are
      discussed.

PMID- 6362571
TI  - Fatal, low renin hypertension associated with a disturbance of cortisol
      metabolism.
AB  - A 5 month old boy died after fever, persistently raised blood pressure, and
      hypokalaemia. A disorder of cortisol metabolism caused by 11 beta-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase deficiency was detected retrospectively.

PMID- 6362572
TI  - Experimental studies on the mechanism of benoxaprofen photoreactions.
AB  - Benoxaprofen (BP), a non-steroidal antiphlogistic drug causing skin and nail
      photoreactions, has been evaluated for photoactivity using three experimental
      techniques. In vivo in the mouse, BP was phototoxic in doses of 25 mg/kg in
      combination with UV-A 54J. The phototoxic potency could be confirmed in vitro
      with the Candida albicans test. In vitro, using photohemolysis, BP showed a dose
      dependent activity causing 40% hemolysis at a concentration of about 25
      micrograms/ml with UV-A. Also, small UV-B doses caused red cell lysis with a
      moderate BP concentration. Pre-irradiation experiments showed that UV-A, but not
      UV-B, photoproducts could account for some of the activity. The action spectrum
      of BP photoactivity lies mainly in the UV-A, but may also extend into UV-B.
      Compared with chlorpromazine in vivo and in vitro, and with doxycycline in vivo,
      BP showed intermediate phototoxic activity.

PMID- 6362574
TI  - [Renal injury. Comprehensive review. Treatment. II].

PMID- 6362573
TI  - The effects of ritodrine on prostaglandin metabolite concentrations in the blood
      of pregnant baboons.
AB  - To investigate the relationship between beta sympathomimetic drugs and
      prostaglandins, we measured prostaglandin metabolites in the plasma of pregnant
      baboons that were given the drug ritodrine. Animals were at a mean gestation of
      120 days, which is equivalent to 27 weeks in women. Ritodrine was infused i.v. at
      a rate of 23 micrograms/min or 80 micrograms/min for 4 h. Plasma concentrations
      of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM), 11-deoxy-13,14-dihydro-15
      keto-11,16-cyclo-prostaglandin E2 (PGEM-11), and 6-keto-prostaglandin-F1 alpha (6
      keto-PGF1 alpha) were determined as indicators of the precursors, prostaglandin
      F2 alpha, prostaglandin E2, and prostacyclin (PGI2), respectively. At the 23
      micrograms/min ritodrine infusion rate plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were
      decreased by 51% (+/- 15%) in the animals receiving the drug (p less than 0.005)
      whereas corresponding levels in control animals did not differ significantly from
      pre-infusion levels. At the 80 micrograms/min ritodrine infusion rate, the plasma
      levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha decreased by 66% (+/- 18%) compared with pre-infusion
      levels (p less than 0.001) but again the levels in control animals were not
      changed significantly. Plasma levels of PGFM and PGEM-11 in animals during
      ritodrine treatment did not differ significantly from baseline values.

PMID- 6362575
TI  - [Adrenal carcinoma. Comprehensive review].

PMID- 6362576
TI  - [Direct immunofluorescence of 36 lymph nodes in angioimmunoblastic
      lymphadenopathy].

PMID- 6362577
TI  - [Birdbreeder's lung. Apropos of a fatal case. Immunohistochemical and
      anatomopathological study].

PMID- 6362578
TI  - [Demonstration of lymphoplasmacytic and epithelial immunoglobulins in
      infiltrating carcinomas with lymphoid stroma and medullary carcinomas of the
      breast].

PMID- 6362579
TI  - [Plasmodium berghei-Strongyloides ratti interaction: experimental modification
      and mechanism].

PMID- 6362580
TI  - Long-term success with double pediatric cadaver donor renal transplants.

PMID- 6362581
TI  - Impaired bacterial clearance and trapping in obstructive jaundice.
AB  - Sepsis is a major cause of mortality in patients with common bile duct
      obstruction. To define possible contributing factors to this phenomenon, this
      study evaluates the effect of biliary obstruction on the intravascular clearance
      and organ trapping of viable Escherichia coli using a rat model. Adult male
      Sprague-Dawley rats were placed in three groups: Group I controls had sham
      operation, Group II had division and ligation of common bile duct (CDL), and
      Group III underwent splenectomy. At 21 days following operation 10(9)
      radiolabeled E. coli were injected intravenously. At varying intervals after
      infusion, blood samples were obtained for clearance study. At 10 minutes,
      bacterial distribution in the liver, spleen, kidneys, and lungs was determined
      (expressed as the mean percentage of injected viable E. coli). Intravascular
      clearance was similar in all groups. There was a significant decrease in the
      trapping of bacteria by the liver of CDL rats 14.5% +/- 4.95 (vs. control = 70.0%
      +/- 13.3) (p less than 0.005). A significant increase of bacterial trapping by
      the lung was observed in the CDL animals: 63.1% +/- 7.06 (vs. controls 1.4% +/-
      0.82) (p less than 0.005). There was no significant change in bacterial
      localization in splenectomized rats. These data suggest that biliary obstruction
      decreases hepatic phagocytosis and increases pulmonary localization of viable E.
      coli. As the Kupffer cells of the liver are usually effective in removal of blood
      borne bacteria, this phagocytic dysfunction may contribute to the increased
      susceptibility to infection noted in instances of biliary obstruction.

PMID- 6362582
TI  - The adjuvant effect of peritoneal fluid in experimental peritonitis. Mechanism
      and clinical implications.
AB  - At laparotomy, many surgeons routinely instill crystalloid solutions into the
      peritoneal cavity, presumably to dilute out necrotic debris, bacteria, and
      adjuvant substances which foster bacterial growth. We examined the effect on
      mortality, bacterial growth, clearance, and phagocytosis of various volumes of
      saline instilled into the peritoneal cavity of rats during Escherichia coli
      peritonitis. Minimal intraperitoneal bacterial growth was seen after the
      introduction of a nonlethal inoculum of viable E. coli in 1 ml of saline, while
      administration of an identical inoculum in 30 ml of saline intraperitoneally
      (i.p.) led to increased 48-hour mortality (p less than 0.01), and associated
      rapid bacterial proliferation (p less than 0.01). Clearance of nonviable
      radiolabelled E. coli from the peritoneal cavity was delayed, bacterial
      association with host peritoneal leukocytes was decreased, and blood uptake of
      radiolabelled bacteria was diminished in animals receiving 30 ml of saline i.p.,
      compared to controls which received the identical inoculum in 1 ml of saline i.p.
      The clinical relevance of these studies is manifold: (1) they provide a possible
      explanation why patients with ascites due to cirrhosis or the nephrotic syndrome,
      or those patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis are more susceptible to primary
      and secondary bacterial peritonitis, possibly on the basis of impaired peritoneal
      clearance or diminished phagocytosis and, (2) although irrigation of the
      peritoneal cavity with crystalloid solution would seem prudent during laparotomy,
      these solutions must be removed prior to closure to prevent interference with
      normal peritoneal host defense mechanisms.

PMID- 6362583
TI  - Renal allograft survival in patients with positive B cell crossmatch to their
      donor.
AB  - B cell crossmatches were performed at cold (4 C) and warm (22 C and 37 C)
      temperatures on 193 renal allograft recipients with negative T cell crossmatches
      to their donor; 152 of the patients were also tested for autoantibody to
      autologous B cells. Fifty-six (29%) had a positive B cell crossmatch (21 cold, 35
      warm); 14 were autoantibody positive, 23 autoantibody negative, and 19 were not
      tested for autoantibody. There were no differences in HLA-A, B, C, or DR antigen
      disparity between the B cell positive (14, 0 DR mismatch; 25, 1 DR mismatch; 9, 0
      DR mismatch) and the B cell negative group (40, 0 DR mismatch; 57, 1 DR mismatch;
      13, 2 DR mismatch). Similarly, age, diabetic status, and number and type of
      pretransplant blood transfusions were comparable between B cell positive and
      negative groups. Although there were no hyperacute rejections, 2-year actuarial
      graft survival was significantly lower in the B cell positive group, regardless
      of donor source, graft number, or temperature of reaction. Patients with a
      positive B cell crossmatch, presumably due to demonstrable autoantibody, may have
      better graft survival rates than patients with a positive B cell crossmatch and
      no autoantibody.

PMID- 6362584
TI  - Facilitation of skin allograft survival by blood leucocyte extracts. A possible
      mechanism for the beneficial effects of blood transfusion in human
      transplantation.
AB  - Fresh and frozen-stored mitochondrial, microsomal, and endoplasmic reticulum
      extracts of blood leucocytes act as potent alloantigens in human recipients.
      Similar results were obtained with freshly prepared extracts consisting of
      mixtures of all cytoplasmic fractions; storage of such mixtures at--20 C,
      followed by 1-2 hr thawing at 37 C abrogated their capacity to induce allograft
      sensitivity in 45 of 47 recipients. Donor-specific skin allografts and grafts
      from other sources exhibited significant attenuations in the tempo and intensity
      of rejection, ranging from first-set rejection to chronic rejection and/or to
      prolongations in allograft survival. In contrast with the 66.2% rejection rate of
      first-set skin grafts at 10 days in 71 normal subjects, only 29% of skin grafts
      from the leucocyte donor applied to 24 recipients of 0.1 to 9 Transplantation
      Antigen (T.A.) units of pooled cytoplasmic mixtures were rejected by that time.
      Only 17.4% similar grafts in 23 recipients of 25 to 515 T.A. units were rejected
      at 10 days. Seventeen skin grafts placed on recipients of 45 to 140 T.A. units of
      the same cytoplasmic preparation exhibited a slow rejection characterized by
      progressive shrinkage and eventual disappearance, with no evidence of hemorrhagic
      necrosis (chronic skin graft rejection). These results support the possibility
      that the attenuations in allograft reactivity observed in patients with end-stage
      renal disease after blood transfusions may be related to the leucocyte components
      of such transfusions. The capacity of blood transfusions to decrease reactivity
      to renal allografts in uremic patients maintained on hemodialysis stands in
      contrast with the ability of such transfusions to sensitize normal human
      recipients to donor-specific skin allografts. The differential effect may be
      related to the immunosuppressed state(s) documented in the uremic population,
      and/or the use of immunosuppressive drug therapy in such patients at the time of
      transplantation and thereafter.

PMID- 6362585
TI  - Reversal of fibronectin and opsonic deficiency in patients. A controlled study.
AB  - Plasma fibronectin is an opsonic glycoprotein which augments reticuloendothelial
      phagocytic clearance of nonbacterial particulates. We evaluated the influence of
      intravenous infusion of plasma cryoprecipitate on circulating immunoreactive
      fibronectin and associated opsonic activity at 0.5, 2.0, 4.0, 10, and 21 hr
      postinfusion in septic (n = 8) and nonseptic (n = 6) surgical and/or trauma
      patients with documented plasma fibronectin deficiency. The study was a
      randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical protocol in which fibronectin-poor
      (0.116 +/- 0.025 mg/ml) cryoprecipitate extracted plasma (placebo) was compared
      to fibronectin-rich (2.139 +/- 0.161 mg/ml) plasma cryoprecipitate. Septic
      injured patients (149.37 +/- 17.11 micrograms/ml) had lower (p less than 0.05)
      plasma fibronectin levels than nonseptic injured patients (212.17 +/- 7.14
      micrograms/ml) and both were less (p less than 0.05) than normal (330 +/- 30
      micrograms/ml). As tested in vitro with a peritoneal macrophage monolayer assay,
      cryoprecipitate manifested opsonic activity related to its fibronectin
      concentration. Intravenous infusion of fibronectin rich cryoprecipitate reversed
      both the immunoreactive fibronectin and opsonic deficiency, while infusion of the
      placebo at a comparable total protein load did not reverse either deficient
      parameter. Reversal of fibronectin deficiency was more sustained in nonseptic
      injured patients as compared to septic injured patients. Thus, reversal of
      opsonic deficiency in septic and nonseptic injured patients is observed after
      infusion of plasma cryoprecipitate and not with infusion of fibronectin deficient
      plasma at comparable protein loads. Also, cryoprecipitate extracted plasma may
      serve as an appropriate control solution for randomized studies evaluating the
      therapeutic value of fibronectin-rich plasma cryoprecipitate.

PMID- 6362586
TI  - Plasmodium berghei: physiopathological changes during infections in mice.
AB  - Using infections of Plasmodium berghei in laboratory mice, the following
      physiopathological changes were observed during the seven days of the infection:
      reduction in haematocrit, increases in parasitized erythrocytes, pulmonary
      oedema, hypothermia, formation of prostaglandin-like substances in the central
      nervous system, increases and decreases in plasma bradykininogen levels and
      leucocytosis, as evidenced by neutrophilia, lymphocytosis and monocytosis. We
      found no changes in total plasma protein levels and albumin/globulin ratio.

PMID- 6362587
TI  - Immunodifferentiation between eggs of Taenia hydatigena and T. pisiformis.

PMID- 6362588
TI  - The Society of Thoracic Surgeons: the first twenty years.

PMID- 6362589
TI  - Transposition of the great arteries associated with total anomalous pulmonary
      venous connection: a surgical approach.
AB  - The association of transposition of the great arteries with total anomalous
      pulmonary venous connection is very rare. In this report we describe 1 patient
      with this combination of anomalies who underwent successful repair. The patient
      has made an uneventful recovery.

PMID- 6362590
TI  - Classics in thoracic surgery. In proper perspective: Daniel Hale Williams, M.D.
AB  - Dr. Daniel Hale Williams was the first black physician to be a charter member and
      a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons. In 1893, he successfully sutured a
      pericardial laceration resulting from a stab wound to the heart. His patient
      recovered completely.

PMID- 6362591
TI  - Beta2-microglobulin, carcinoembryonic antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase in
      split ejaculates and urine voided before and after massage of the prostate.
AB  - Analyses of split ejaculates and urine voided before and after prostatic massage
      have been used to evaluate the origin of beta2-microglobulin (b2m) and
      carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in human semen. CEA and b2m were present in rather
      high concentrations in all the fractions of the split ejaculates. The urine
      voided after massage of the prostate also contained increased levels of CEA and
      beta2-microglobulin. Split ejaculates, selected from the electrophoretic pattern
      obtained for each fraction, revealed that b2m in seminal plasma originates from
      the prostate and seminal vesicles in equal amounts. Besides the "free" b2m in
      seminal plasma, human semen contains a sperm-bound b2m fraction. Carcinoembryonic
      antigen was found in the highest concentrations in the second fraction of split
      ejaculates indicating that it originates mainly from the prostate.

PMID- 6362592
TI  - Mural thrombi in coronary artery disease. Recent advances in pathogenesis,
      diagnosis, and approaches to treatment.
AB  - Detection of ventricular mural thrombi has been facilitated by the introduction
      of echocardiography, nuclear angiography, and radioactive labeling of platelets.
      Most of the data regarding the incidence of mural thrombi, pathogenesis of
      thrombus formation, and predisposing factors for systemic emboli after myocardial
      infarction that were reported on postmortem studies in the past can now be
      reexamined in the living patient with these noninvasive methods. The data
      accumulated from such investigations are now available and the results are
      reviewed herein. A critique of the usefulness of echocardiography and nuclear
      methods is also presented.

PMID- 6362593
TI  - The therapeutic approach to the obese maturity-onset diabetic patient.

PMID- 6362594
TI  - Permeability pulmonary edema. Diagnosis and management.
AB  - The adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common syndrome of diffuse
      lung injury with high mortality. An underlying mechanism is pulmonary
      microvascular injury leading to increased permeability, pulmonary edema and
      impaired gas exchange. Currently ARDS can only be diagnosed as a constellation of
      symptoms and signs. The development of an accurate clinical marker of pulmonary
      microvascular injury or a technique to measure pulmonary microvascular
      permeability may allow earlier and more specific diagnosis. We review ARDS with
      emphasis on recent work concerning the mechanisms of lung injury, diagnosis, and
      therapy.

PMID- 6362595
TI  - Orthostatic hypertension with nephroptosis and aortitis disease.
AB  - A 53-year-old woman with nephroptosis and aortitis disease was found also to have
      orthostatic hypertension. When standing, she had high renin levels and normal
      catecholamine values, with a reduced baroreflex sensitivity. This orthostatic
      hypertension largely may be due to an activation of the renin system caused by
      nephroptosis and partly due to a reduced baroreflex sensitivity caused by
      aortitis. Captopril and propranolol hydrochloride were effective for the
      treatment of hypertension.

PMID- 6362596
TI  - Saralasin acetate test in renal transplant hypertension. Report of 17 cases and a
      review of the literature.
AB  - The saralasin acetate test was performed in 17 hypertensive patients with renal
      transplants. These results were compared with 39 previously published reports of
      transplant patients who had been tested in the same manner. Eighty-two percent of
      our patients had a positive saralasin acetate test, suggesting renin-dependent
      hypertension. Baseline plasma renin activity (PRA) was significantly higher in
      patients with positive tests (6.96 +/- 1.75 v 2.88 +/- 0.53 ng/mL/hr). However,
      positive tests were obtained in several patients who had normoreninemia, and PRA
      levels did not correlate with the magnitude of vasodepressor BP response to
      saralasin. Transplant artery stenosis, acute rejection, and chronic rejection
      were the most common posttransplant complications associated with a positive
      test, but several patients had hypertension alone. While highly sensitive for
      renin-dependent hypertension posttransplantation, the test had poor specificity
      for identification of any one cause of posttransplant hypertension.

PMID- 6362597
TI  - Immune globulin and hepatitis B immune globulin. Prophylactic measures for
      intimate contacts exposed to acute type B hepatitis.
AB  - We studied the relative prophylactic efficacies of recently derived immune
      globulin containing antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) and
      hepatitis B immune globulin in 60 intimate contacts exposed to acute type B
      hepatitis. Forty susceptible contacts were randomly assigned to treatment with
      either a single intramuscular dose of immune globulin or hepatitis B immune
      globulin (0.06 mL/kg of body weight), following which observation was maintained
      over a 12-month period. Twenty additional contacts received the equivalent of
      twice the dose of immune globulin given to the first group, and follow-up was
      maintained for six months. Neither the hepatitis B virus (HBV) attack rates (11%
      to 19%) nor the frequency of clinical illness (0% to 4.8%) was substantially
      different in the three groups. When compared with average frequencies reported in
      the literature, significantly lower illness rates were noted for immune globulin
      recipients. These data indicate that currently derived immune globulin as well as
      hepatitis B immune globulin may confer protection from illness (le, passive
      active immunity) in the setting of intimate exposure to HBV.

PMID- 6362598
TI  - [Contribution to the history of Spanish neuropathology].

PMID- 6362599
TI  - [Endogenous opioids and gamma type endorphins in schizophrenia].

PMID- 6362600
TI  - [Electron microscopy studies on the structure and configuration of a herpesvirus
      isolated from cattle].

PMID- 6362601
TI  - [Preparation of anti-cattle IgG conjugates of various degrees of specificity for
      enzyme immunoassay].

PMID- 6362602
TI  - [Enhancement of the immune response by aspecific action of vaccine additives in
      the aerogenic immunization of swine against swine plague].

PMID- 6362603
TI  - [Passive immunoprophylaxis against coli dysentery of suckling pigs by vaccination
      of sows with attenuated Escherichia coli mutants. 1. Clinical and laboratory
      diagnostic results of the combined use of K88- and K99-antigen-containing strains
      derived from Escherichia coli mutants].

PMID- 6362604
TI  - [Attempt at separation of sperm genotypes based on motility differences].

PMID- 6362605
TI  - [Absorption of 35S-labeled cation exchangers in warm-blooded animals].

PMID- 6362606
TI  - [Residue ratio of various sulfonamides in animals. 5. Determination of the
      excretion period of Solupront (4-aminobenzenesulofonylaminomethane sulfonic acid
      triethanolamine) in milk].

PMID- 6362607
TI  - [Development of iron resorption and iron utilization conditions in breeding
      calves in the transitional phase of preruminal to ruminal digestion (age 0-90 d).
      1. Development of food consumption, iron uptake, red blood cell count and iron
      metabolism parameters during the calves' colostrum stage].

PMID- 6362608
TI  - Behavior therapy.

PMID- 6362609
TI  - The system of cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons.
AB  - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons are located periventricularly or
      inside the brain ventricles; they contact the CSF via their dendrites, perikarya
      or axons. Most of the CSF-contacting nerve cells send dendritic processes into
      the ventricular cavity where they form ciliated terminals. These ciliated
      dendritic endings resemble those of known sensory cells, yet their role is still
      unknown. There are two types of CSF-contacting dendritic terminals. One bears
      solitary 9 X 2 + 0 cilia; it is present in different hypothalamic regions such as
      the paraventricular organ and the vascular sac. The magnocellular neurosecretory
      nuclei also contain CSF-contacting neurons, which probably furnish information
      about the parameters of the CSF for the regulatory function of the hypothalamo
      hypophyseal system. CSF-contacting nerve cells of the parvocellular hypothalamic
      nuclei are suspected to participate in hypothalamo-adenohypophyseal regulation. A
      second type of CSF-contacting dendritic terminal bears many stereocilia and is
      found in the central canal of the spinal cord. This type of terminal is also
      supplied with a 9 X 2 + 2 kinocilium that may contact Reissner's fiber, the
      secretory material of the subcommissural organ. Resembling mainly
      mechanoreceptors, these spinal CSF-contacting neurons appear to form axon
      terminals of the neurosecretory type at the external circumference of the spinal
      cord. Developing and/or regressing photoreceptor cells of the retina and pineal
      complex may display a similar dendritic structure characteristic of hypothalamic
      CSF-contacting neurons. Axons penetrating into the ventricles innervate the
      apical surface of the ependyma and/or the CSF-contacting dendritic terminals.
      Some bipolar neurons of the retina form so-called Landolt's clubs; these may be
      considered as the retinal component of the CSF-contacting neuronal system. Since
      in the lancelet nearly all nerve cells contact the CSF, the CSF-contacting
      neurons represent a specialized, but phylogenetically old cell type, a
      "protoneuron" in the vertebrate brain. They may be derived phylogenetically by
      inversion of the ciliated neurons found in the plate-like nervous system of more
      primitive deuterostomians.

PMID- 6362610
TI  - A light microscopic study of the gastro-entero-pancreatic endocrine cells of the
      mink (Mustela vison).
AB  - Endocrine cells in the stomach, intestine and pancreas of the mink were
      investigated, using silver impregnation and immunohistochemical methods, and the
      following results were obtained. The stomach of the mink possesses a well
      developed acid-secreting region which occupies about 70% of the gastric mucosa.
      Half of Brunner's glands whose excretory duct empties in the most proximal
      duodenum are located in the duodenal submucosa with the remainder in the pyloric
      submucosa. The area covered by the glands is 7.5 mm long in rostrocaudal
      direction. Endocrine cells are numerous in Brunner's glands, in the pyloric gland
      region and in the duodenum, while they are few in the colorectum. Somatostatin
      immunoreactive cells are distributed throughout the whole GEP system, while
      gastrin-immunoreactive cells are located mainly in the pyloric gland region.
      Secretin-, motilin- and neurotensin-immunoreactive cells are found in the
      duodenum, jejunoileum and lower jejunoileum, respectively. Glucagon
      immunoreactive cells are located mainly in the pancreatic islet and are
      distributed scarcely in the fundic gland region. A few glucagon-immunoreactive
      cells are also found in the middle portion of the jejunoileum. In addition to the
      somatostatin-immunoreactive cells, argentaffin, glucagon- and glicentin
      immunoreactive cells in the fundic gland region and argentaffin and gastrin
      immunoreactive cells in the pyloric gland region extend cytoplasmic processes
      along the basement membrane. This suggests a paracrine secretion of these cell
      types. A few open type cells which are stained with Hellerstrom-Hellman's or
      Sevier-Munger's method or are reactive to the somatostatin antiserum are found in
      the fundic gland region. A possible relation between the present observation of
      the endocrine cells and the eating habits of the mink is discussed.

PMID- 6362611
TI  - William W. McLendon, MD. The sixth editor of the Archives of Pathology and
      Laboratory Medicine.

PMID- 6362612
TI  - The Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. A new beginning.

PMID- 6362613
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of neuron-specific enolase in the human
      hypophysis and pituitary adenomas.
AB  - Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was localized, using the immunoperoxidase
      technique, in the cytoplasm of the five adenohypophyseal hormone-secreting cell
      types, and in nerve fibers of the pars nervosa of the human pituitary. Crooke's
      hyaline material was negative. Neuron-specific enolase was found in all pituitary
      adenoma types; there was no correlation between degree of granularity or
      differentiation of tumor cells and intensity of NSE immunopositivity. One
      hypothalamic hamartoma was positive for NSE; a craniopharyngioma and a
      neurohypophyseal granular cell tumor were not. Neuron-specific enolase was
      present in peptide hormone-producing endocrine cells outside the pituitary and in
      their tumors; the majority of other tumors were negative for NSE, although one
      breast carcinoma, one ovarian cystadenocarcinoma, and one lymphoma were positive
      for NSE. In control studies, absorption of NSE antisera with growth hormone
      abolished immunoreactivity; there was no immunologic cross-reaction demonstrable
      by radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 6362614
TI  - [Nutritional physiology effect of dietary fats in the diet of growing pigs. 1.
      Effect of an isocaloric exchange of carbohydrate energy compared with fat energy
      on protein retention, in vitro synthesis of fat from glucose and on several blood
      parameters in piglets].
AB  - Three groups of male, castrated piglets of the German Landrace breed, weight
      range 3-30 kg, were used to study the relation between fattening performance and
      blood parameters when feeding rations containing different amounts of fat. The
      fat content of the rations was either 5% (group I), 18% (group II) or 35% (group
      III). Concomitantly with the increased metabolizable energy (ME) content of the
      ration the content of digestible protein (DP) was increased and the amount of
      feed reduced in order to guarantee an equal intake of ME and DP in all three
      groups. The digestibility of the crude nutrients and protein retention of the
      subjects were determined in nine subsequent trials each lasting 7 days. At a body
      weight of 27 kg the blood concentrations of insulin, glucose, free fatty acids,
      neutral lipids and cholesterol were determined at different times after feeding.
      In addition, an oral glucose tolerance test was made and the in-vitro synthesis
      of fat from glucose was measured. The apparent digestibility of fat amounted,
      unexpectedly, to approximately 94% on the high rat rations II and III. In all
      groups a significant positive relation between body weight and digestibility of
      the fat was determined. Despite equal daily intakes of ME in all groups, in group
      III daily weight gain and protein retention were 7% (p less than 0.01) and 4% (p
      less than 0.01) higher than in group I, respectively. Blood urea levels of group
      III were 67% (p less than 0.01) lower than in group I. The mean daily nitrogen
      retention of the three groups rose gradually from 4 g at a body weight of 5 kg to
      16-17 g at a body weight of 25 kg. The feed conversion of group I was lower by 22
      and 36% as compared to groups II and III, respectively. Highly significant
      differences were observed among either groups (p less than 0.01). It has been
      calculated that in group III the consumption of ME/kg weight gain was about 8% (p
      less than 0.05) lower than in the two other groups. According to the increased
      fat percentage of the rations, body protein content diminished from 17,1% in
      group I to 16,5 and 16% in groups II and III, respectively. Only the difference
      between groups I and III proved to be significant (p less than 0.05). In group I
      feed intake resulted in an increase in the insulin level by 55% (p less than
      0.05) whereas glucose did not change significantly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 6362615
TI  - [Viktor Petrovich Babmindra on the (60th anniversary of his birth)].

PMID- 6362616
TI  - [Efim Petrovich Mel'man (on his 70th birthday)].

PMID- 6362617
TI  - [Simplified methods of preparing biological objects for scanning electron
      microscopy].

PMID- 6362618
TI  - [N. S. Kondrat'ev and his contribution to the anatomy of the autonomic nervous
      system].

PMID- 6362619
TI  - [Life and activities of Prof. V. Ia. Rubashkin].

PMID- 6362620
TI  - [Boris Innokent'evich Lavrent'ev (on the 90th anniversary of his birth)].

PMID- 6362621
TI  - [Pathologic anatomy of childhood diseases today].
AB  - The main problems developed by M. A. Skvortsov, the founder of pathology of
      childhood diseases in the USSR, are dealt with. M. A. Skvortsov worked on
      pathology mainly of infectious diseases analysing them from the point of view of
      the patterns of responsiveness of the child. New information which has at present
      enriched the theory of child's responsiveness is given: enzymatic systems and
      their defects, endocrine regulation and the importance of the enterine system,
      immune responsiveness and the importance of its defects. The current status of
      pathology of modern infectious diseases of childhood, in particular, umbilical
      sepsis, oncological diseases, etc. are dealt with. The role of organization of
      the childhood pathological service for further development of the M. A.
      Skvortsov's theory concerning pathology of childhood diseases is indicated.

PMID- 6362622
TI  - [Experience in organizing the operations of a large histopathology laboratory].
AB  - In connection with the organization of large centralized pathology departments
      serving up to 4-6 thousand beds or more in hospitals the use of routine methods
      of work of histological laboratories becomes unacceptable. The authors shares his
      experience in organization work of a large histopathological laboratories,
      suggesting available devices increasing the labour productivity and culture and
      requiring no scarce glassware.

PMID- 6362623
TI  - [Method of double embedding of tissue in paraplast-piccolyte].
AB  - A histological method of double embedding of the tissue in paraplast-piccolyte
      used for light microscopy is described. The method requires no special equipment,
      is simple and suitable for all methods of staining of sections obtained upon
      paraffin embedding, including immunofluorescent and immunoperoxidase procedures.

PMID- 6362624
TI  - [Nikolai Fedotovich Mel'nikov-Razvedenkov--outstanding organizer and prominent
      scientist-patholoanatomist].

PMID- 6362625
TI  - [Sinusoidal cells of the liver and their role in pathologic processes].
AB  - The review summarizes the data on morphofunctional properties and histogenesis of
      4 types of sinusoidal cells of the liver: stellate reticuloendotheliocyte (SR),
      endotheliocyte, lipocyte and Pit-cells. It is suggested that they be considered
      as a single structural-functional system forming the hematotissue barrier, the
      connective tissue skeleton of the lobule and taking part in neurohumoral
      regulations of the local processes. Most attention is given to SR which are the
      main element of the hepatic reticuloendothelial system. The participation of SR
      in the pathogenesis of hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, and some extrahepatic
      diseases has been shown to be connected not only with the disturbance of their
      phagocytic function but also with the deficiency in formation and correction of
      local immune reactions as well as the entire immune system. It is assumed that
      uncompensated insufficiency of the hepatic reticuloendothelial system may
      facilitate chronization of the pathological process in the liver as well as the
      development of some of its complications.

PMID- 6362626
TI  - [Current use and future perspectives of intravenous digital angiography in
      cardiovascular diseases].

PMID- 6362627
TI  - [Irreversible cardiogenic shock after captopril in a patient with refractory
      congestive cardiac insufficiency. Case report].

PMID- 6362628
TI  - Spongy degeneration of the CNS in infancy.
AB  - We studied six cases of spongy degeneration of the CNS in infancy among Chinese.
      The main clinical features were cyclical vomiting and wailing, blindness,
      megalocephaly, convulsions, lethargy, and coma. Chief findings from light
      microscopic studies were spongiform change, moderate outfall of neurons, and
      marked astrocytosis, with formation of Alzheimer's cells type 2. Demyelination
      was only slight, if present. Electron microscopic studies revealed membrane-bound
      vacuoles, often containing membranous fragments or blisters and electron-dense
      granules.

PMID- 6362629
TI  - Group B streptococcal meningitis appearing as acute deafness in an adult.
AB  - A case of group B streptococcal meningitis developed in a previously healthy
      adult. The group B streptococcus may be underrecognized as a pathogen in human
      disease. Survival is good after appropriate therapy, with only six fatalities in
      33 cases reported in the literature. However, our patient showed the unusual
      neurologic complication of bilateral deafness in group B meningitis in adults.

PMID- 6362630
TI  - Activation of the alternate complement pathway by peptidoglycan of Actinomyces
      viscosus, a potentially pathogenic oral bacterium.
AB  - Peptidoglycans and cells walls from Actinomyces viscosus, Staphylococcus aureus,
      and group A streptococcus were compared for their relative abilities to activate
      the alternate complement pathway (ACP). On the dry-weight basis, the
      peptidoglycan from A. viscosus was 3.5 times more active than group A
      streptococcal peptidoglycan and 15.6 times more active than Staph. aureus
      peptidoglycan in activating the ACP. Consequently A. viscosus peptidoglycan is
      one of the most potent ACP-activators reported to date. For both A. viscosus and
      group A streptococcus, the peptidoglycan was a better ACP activator than cell
      walls from the same organism (125- and 52-fold, respectively) indicating that the
      peptidoglycan is probably the most important subcellular ACP-activator in these
      microorganisms. In contrast, cell walls from Staph, aureus were 9 times more
      active than peptidoglycan from Staph. aureus in activating the ACP, presumably
      because teichoic acids are the most important subcellular ACP activator in this
      microorganism.

PMID- 6362631
TI  - The bone-resorbing activities in tissue culture of lipopolysaccharides from the
      bacteria Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides gingivalis and
      Capnocytophaga ochracea isolated from human mouths.
AB  - The activities of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were assessed by measuring the
      calcium release from mouse calvaria in vitro and compared to that of LPS from
      Salmonella typhimurium. Stimulation of bone resorption was maximal at an LPS
      concentration of 10 micrograms/ml and at this dose all oral LPS preparations
      showed similar levels of activity and less than that of LPS from S. typhimurium.
      Only S. typhimurium LPS and B. gingivalis LPS retained bone-resorbing activity at
      0.1 microgram/ml. No bone-resorbing activity was observed against killed bone and
      histochemical observations of stable acid phosphatase activity indicated both
      mononuclear and multinuclear cells participating in bone removal. Addition of
      indomethacin to the culture medium did not inhibit calcium release from the bones
      by any of the LPS preparations except for that from A. actinomycetemcomitans.
      Fetal calf serum completely blocked the activities of all the LPS preparations
      whereas human serum did not inhibit the action of B. gingivalis LPS. Thus this
      particular LPS could be important in mediating bone loss in chronic
      periodontitis.

PMID- 6362634
TI  - Ovarian follicles of new-born Merino lambs from genetic lines which differ in
      fecundity.
AB  - Ovaries were obtained from 78 new-born lambs (12 singletons, 25 twins, 28
      triplets, 10 quadruplets and 3 quintuplets) from flocks selected for (T902, T903
      and Booroola) or against (O) multiple births. Sections of the ovaries were
      examined with a projection microscope and the numbers of all types of follicles
      were estimated. There were no differences between genetic lines in the number of
      primordial follicles, after adjustment for litter size and sire; however, there
      were significantly more of these follicles in single-born lambs than in lambs
      born in litters of two or more within genetic lines. The number of vesicular
      follicles was lower in Booroola than in O lambs.

PMID- 6362632
TI  - Properties of cultured endothelium from adult human vessels.
AB  - Endothelium was isolated from samples of aorta and vena cava obtained from
      cadaver donors at the time kidneys were harvested for transplantation. Digestion
      with collagenase and gentle swabbing were used to free the cells from the intimal
      surface. Low density seeding permitted isolation of individual colonies with
      typical endothelial morphology. Modified Medium 199 supplemented with 10%-20%
      human plasma-derived serum and an extract from the bovine hypothalamus (500
      micrograms/ml) enabled subcultured colonies to grow to confluency when culture
      surfaces were coated with fibronectin (1 micrograms/cm2). The presence of Factor
      VIII antigen was demonstrated using an indirect immunofluorescence technique. A
      monoclonal antibody to cultured umbilical vein endothelium, specific for
      endothelium, reacted with the subcultured cells from the aorta and vena cava.
      Type IV procollagen, fibronectin, and thrombospondin were identified as labeled
      proteins secreted by cultures of adult endothelium that had been incubated with
      3H-proline and 3H-glycine. When the cultured endothelium was used in a sodium-m
      periodate stimulated T lymphocyte mitogenic culture system, the endothelium
      exhibited accessory cell function. Prostacyclin production stimulated by
      incubation with arachidonic acid and PGH2 was variable from vessel to vessel.
      However, average values were lower than normally seen with cultured primary
      umbilical vein endothelium.

PMID- 6362633
TI  - Antifertility actions of alpha-chlorohydrin in the male.
AB  - Non-steroidal chemicals that affect male fertility have been known for over 25
      years but only one compound, alpha-chlorohydrin, possesses most of the attributes
      of an ideal male contraceptive. In the male rat, for example, continuous daily
      oral administration of low doses produces an almost immediate and continuous
      antifertility response that ceases when treatment is withdrawn. Such a dose
      regime does not interfere with libido, is apparently not toxic and the action is
      specific towards mature sperm. Furthermore, the action of the compound is species
      specific: it is effective in the rat, ram, boar, guinea pig, hamster, rhesus
      monkey and upon ejaculated human sperm but it is ineffective in the mouse and the
      rabbit. High doses of alpha-chlorohydrin can be neurotoxic, nephrotoxic and, in
      rats, lead to prolonged or permanent infertility. However, the antifertility
      response and the toxicity of racemic alpha-chlorohydrin may be due, respectively,
      to the separate enantiomers. No other antifertility chemical has been
      investigated to such an extent as alpha-chlorohydrin; this article reviews the
      progress that has been achieved with alpha-chlorohydrin during the past six
      years.

PMID- 6362635
TI  - The importance of prolactin for initiation of lactation in the pregnant ewe.
AB  - A single injection of ergocryptine (0.5 mg/kg liveweight) given to ewes 0.5-20
      days prepartum or two injections (0.5 mg/kg liveweight per injection) given c. 30
      and 10 days prepartum reduced concentrations of plasma prolactin to negligible
      (less than 5 ng/ml) values for 4 weeks after parturition, but did not affect
      concentrations of growth hormone and placental lactogen. Milking of treated ewes
      had no effect on concentrations of plasma prolactin during the first 4 weeks of
      lactation, but concentrations of growth hormone were increased during the 10-20
      min period after milking. The half-life of prolactin in plasma was estimated as
      21 min. In spite of the dramatic effect of ergocryptine on plasma prolactin all
      treated ewes secreted copious quantities of milk of normal composition. Mean
      daily yields of ewes treated with ergocryptine were not significantly different
      (P greater than 0.05) from those of untreated control ewes, but the mean +/-
      s.e.m. of total milk production over the first 3 weeks of lactation for
      ergocryptine-treated ewes was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) than that of
      control ewes (9.5 +/- 1.11 v. 14.1 +/- 1.20 kg milk). The results suggest that
      prolactin is not an essential component of the lactogenic and galactopoietic
      complexes of hormones in the ewe.

PMID- 6362636
TI  - Effects of progesterone on the responses of Merino ewes to the introduction of
      rams during anoestrus.
AB  - The effects of progesterone on the responses of Merino ewes to the introduction
      of rams during anoestrus were investigated in two experiments. In the first
      experiment, the introduction of rams induced an increase in the levels of LH in
      entire ewes. The mean levels increased from 0.68 +/- 0.04 ng/ml (mean +/- s.e.m.)
      to 4.49 +/- 1.32 ng/ml within 20 min in ewes not treated with progesterone (n =
      10). In ewes bearing progesterone implants that provided a peripheral
      concentration of about 1.5 ng progesterone per millilitre plasma, the LH response
      to the introduction of rams was not prevented, but was reduced in size so that
      the concentration was 1.38 +/- 0.15 ng/ml after 20 min (n = 5). Progesterone
      treatment begun either 2 days before or 6 h after the introduction of rams and
      maintained for 4 days prevented ovulation. In the second experiment
      ovariectomized ewes were used to investigate further the mechanism by which the
      ram evoked increases in tonic LH secretion. In ovariectomized ewes treated with
      oestradiol implants, the introduction of rams increased the frequency of the LH
      pulses and the basal level of LH. In the absence of oestradiol there was no
      significant change in pulse frequency but a small increase in basal levels.
      Progesterone again did not prevent but reduced the responses in ewes treated with
      oestradiol. It is suggested that following the withdrawal of progesterone
      treatment, the secretion of LH pulses in response to the ram effect would be
      dampened. This effect could be a component of the reported long delay between the
      introduction of rams and the preovulatory surge of LH in ewes treated with
      progesterone. Continued progesterone treatment prevented ovulation, probably by
      blocking positive feedback by oestradiol.

PMID- 6362637
TI  - Inhibition of growth of hair follicles by a lectin-like substance from rat skin.
AB  - A small molecular weight (5 000-10 000) substance has been isolated from rat skin
      by affinity chromatography on a column of acid-hydrolysed Sepharose. The
      substance agglutinates rabbit red blood cells, inhibits DNA synthesis in rat hair
      follicles, and causes the appearance of autophagic vacuoles in the epithelial
      cells of the lower follicle bulb.

PMID- 6362638
TI  - Morphological changes in the skin and wool fibres of Merino sheep infused with
      mouse epidermal growth factor.
AB  - Intravenous infusion of 4.5-4.7 mg of mouse epidermal growth factor (mEGF) into
      nine castrated male Merino sheep for 26 h resulted in complete casting of the
      fleeces 6-8 days later. The morphological changes which occurred in the skin were
      studied in skin samples taken before infusion and at intervals between 1 h and 42
      days after the infusion had begun. Wool fibres from the shed fleeces were
      examined with the scanning electron microscope. Increased cell proliferation
      occurred in the epidermis and sebaceous glands, whereas the wool follicles
      regressed. Transient dermal haemorrhages occurred during the first 3 h of
      infusion. The fibre and inner root sheath in the keratogenous zone of 30-40% of
      the follicles were partially disrupted within the first 6 h of mEGF infusion;
      catagen began in all follicle bulbs within 24 h. Fibre and inner root sheath
      production, although markedly reduced, continued in about 60% of follicles which
      had partially regressed, but production ceased in the remainder in which tapered
      ends formed on the fibres prior to shedding. Follicles began to regenerate
      asynchronously 4-8 days after the beginning of infusion and completed their
      development during the next 3 weeks. The follicle regression and fleece casting
      induced by mEGF infusion, and subsequent follicle regeneration were completed
      more rapidly than observed previously with other depilatory agents, and, except
      for prolonged epidermal thickening, there was no lasting cutaneous abnormality.

PMID- 6362639
TI  - Failure to modify anti-P2 reactivity in long-term (P1 X P2)F1 to P1 radiation
      chimeras by total lymphoid cell ablation: implications for the role of thymic
      antigen-presenting cells.

PMID- 6362641
TI  - Olive Anstey, CBE, FCNA, FCN, (NSW) (Hon.). Last tributes to a leader.

PMID- 6362640
TI  - Receptor-mediated 125I-labelled insulin degradation in the rat hepatocyte.
      Studies using chloroquine.
AB  - Degradation of insulin during incubation with target cells occurs via receptor
      mediated processes. In this study, receptor-mediated degradation of 125I-labelled
      insulin was investigated in rat hepatocytes, using the agent chloroquine.
      Chloroquine increased specific cell-associated 125I-labelled insulin at 37
      degrees. The increased radioactivity with chloroquine was intracellular (53.3 +/-
      1.2% of initially bound label was displaced by excess cold insulin; in control
      cells 67.0 +/- 2.1% was displaced, P less than 0.005). The effect of chloroquine
      was prevented by adding label at 15 degrees or by pre-treatment with 5 mM KCN, 5
      mM NaN3 or 1 g/l bacitracin, which indicated a post-internalization site of
      action. Chloroquine had no effect on degradation of 125I-labelled insulin in
      buffer alone or in buffer previously incubated with cells. Specific studies of
      receptor-mediated degradation at 37 degrees showed that more 125I-labelled
      insulin remained associated with hepatocytes when chloroquine was present (P less
      than 0.0005 after 60 min). Analysis of chloroquine's effect on the intactness of
      125I-labelled insulin released during processing of surface-bound label at 37
      degrees showed that chloroquine-sensitive mechanisms accounted for at least 50%
      of receptor-mediated insulin degradation in rat hepatocytes.

PMID- 6362642
TI  - Leprosy today.

PMID- 6362643
TI  - Review of so-called aseptic neutrophilic dermatoses.

PMID- 6362644
TI  - Event-related potentials in psychiatry: approaches to research and clinical
      applications.
AB  - This article suggests that the potential usefulness of event-related potentials
      in psychiatry has not been fully explored because of the limitations of various
      approaches to research adopted to date, and because the field is still undergoing
      rapid development. Newer approaches to data acquisition and methods of analysis,
      combined with closer co-operation between medical and physical scientists, will
      help to establish the practical application of these signals in psychiatric
      disorders and assist our understanding of psychophysiological information
      processing in the brain. Finally, it is suggested that psychiatrists should seek
      to understand these techniques and the data they generate, since they provide
      more direct access to measures of complex cerebral processes than current
      clinical methods.

PMID- 6362645
TI  - The first patient to receive lithium.

PMID- 6362647
TI  - Seasonal changes in open-field behavior in wild male meadow voles (Microtus
      pennsylvanicus).
AB  - Open-field behavior of free-living meadow voles was measured in males held
      overnight in the laboratory. Movement variables were positively correlated, and
      had negative associations with grooming and freezing. Parameters including
      activity, freezing, urinating, and grooming showed annual fluctuations related to
      the reproductive season. Together with the results of a previous study showing
      castration of wild voles results in altered open-field behavior, these results
      emphasize the role of testicular hormones in influencing this behavior. Factor
      analysis identified an activity component accounting for 39% of the variation,
      but other parameters were little simplified by this procedure. Most factors
      cycled annually, and significant variation was found in all eight factors during
      the 4-year sample. Open-field behavior varied between different reproductive and
      age segments of the population, and may be related to population processes such
      as dispersal.

PMID- 6362646
TI  - Hypo- and hyperglycemia in rats: effects on endurance and heat/exercise injury.
AB  - To investigate the hypothesis that circulating glucose levels may affect exercise
      performance and the severity of hyperthermic injury, rats were made hypoglycemic
      (n = 12, IV insulin, 4 U) or hyperglycemic (n = 12, IP glucose, 750mg) before
      exercise in the heat to hyperthermic exhaustion (Tco = 42.5-43 degrees C). The
      endurance of rats administered glucose was significantly greater than insulin
      treated controls (n = 12). Hematocrit levels were unaffected by exercise in
      control and insulin-treated rats, but were significantly (p less than 0.01)
      increased in those glucose-treated. Lactate levels were increased (p less than
      0.001) post-run in all groups, and these increments were exacerebated in glucose
      treated rats. Glucose levels pre-run were decreased by insulin and increased by
      glucose, and remained depressed (p less than 0.01) post-run in the insulin
      treated group. Potassium concentrations were reduced (p less than 0.05) by
      insulin administration. Urea nitrogen and creatinine were increased (p less than
      0.001) post-run in all groups. We concluded that, while hyperglycemic rats had
      increased endurance compared to hypoglycemic animals, mortality of at least 50%
      in all groups was unaffected by circulating glucose levels.

PMID- 6362648
TI  - The importance of home practice for progressive relaxation training.

PMID- 6362649
TI  - Progressive relaxation and meditation. A study of psychophysiological and
      therapeutic differences between two techniques.

PMID- 6362650
TI  - Serum lipids during treatment with glucose-insulin-potassium in myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - Total cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides in serum were studied during
      myocardial infarction in a patient group treated with glucose, insulin and
      potassium (GIK), and a conventionally treated group. There was no difference in
      the typical changes of cholesterol and phospholipids between the groups, but the
      GIK-treated group had a late rise in triglycerides.

PMID- 6362651
TI  - Prostacyclin as an endogenous anti-arrhythmic agent.

PMID- 6362652
TI  - [Paul Friedrich Scheel on his 100th birthday].

PMID- 6362653
TI  - Application of the PAP (peroxidase-anti-peroxidase) staining technique for the
      rapid titration of mumps virus infectivity.
AB  - Application of the PAP technique for infectivity assay of mumps virus provides a
      fast, reproducible, and convenient assay system, which is better than other
      methods reported previously.

PMID- 6362654
TI  - Alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes in the clawed frog, Xenopus laevis.
AB  - Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH; EC 1.1.1.1) activity in Xenopus laevis was highest in
      liver tissue, with decreasing activities in kidney, heart, and gut tissues,
      respectively. Essentially no activity was found among other tissues screened,
      including lung, ovary, eye, and testes. Also, there was no apparent sexual
      dimorphism of ADH activity in either liver or kidney tissue. All ADH isozymes
      were inhibited by 10 mM pyrazole, and no eye-specific retinol dehydrogenase
      activity was detected on starch gel electropherograms. Isozyme patterns from 418
      offspring from 11 different crosses could be explained genetically assuming the
      presence of two structural genes coding for ADH production: one carrying two
      electrophoretically separable variants and the other showing quantitative
      variation in its expression. The ADH system in X. laevis should be useful for
      studies concerning the molecular mechanisms governing the expression of ADH
      activity in vertebrate development.

PMID- 6362655
TI  - Biochemical characterization of the products of the Adh loci of Drosophila
      mojavensis.
AB  - The electrophoretic pattern of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) of Drosophila
      mojavensis is composed of multiple bands. In previous studies from this
      laboratory we suggested on the basis of genetic evidence that multiple ADH bands
      were due to the presence of a gene duplication. In the studies presented here,
      this hypothesis is supported by data derived from comparing the protein
      biochemistry of each ADH. Three forms of D. mojavensis ADH have been isolated.
      These are the ADH-1 homodimer, the ADH-2 homodimer, and the ADH-1 ADH-2
      interlocus heterodimer. Each of these isozymes has a native molecular weight of
      approximately 50,000. Each native molecule is composed of two subunits of
      identical size, 24,000 daltons. The native molecules differ slightly in their
      isoelectric points. Thermal denaturation also reveals that ADH-1 and ADH-2 are
      slightly different, ADH-1 being somewhat more thermostable. The interlocus
      heterodimer has properties intermediate between those of ADH-1 and those of ADH
      2. Kinetic comparison also indicates a similarity among the three isozymes. ADH-2
      is somewhat better at oxidizing ethanol relative to 2-propanol as compared to ADH
      1. All of our studies support the general conclusion that the isozymes of ADH
      found in D. mojavensis are similar to one another and to other ADH from other
      species of Drosophila. This supports our hypothesis that multiple bands of ADH in
      D. mojavensis reflect the presence of a duplication of the Adh locus in that
      species.

PMID- 6362656
TI  - Haplodiploid gene expression in maize and its detection.
AB  - A method for the demonstration of the gametophytic origin of genetic variability
      in maize is described. For genes coding dimeric or multimeric enzymes, haploid
      expression can be demonstrated by means of translocations between A and B
      chromosomes (TB-A), which make it possible to obtain hyperploid pollen grains,
      partially diploid and heterozygous for electrophoretic mobility. Comparison of
      the electrophoretic pattern of this pollen type (three bands) and that of normal
      grains produced by a heterozygous F/S plant (two bands only) reveals haploid
      transcription of the monomeric forms. The procedure was tested on ADH-1 and used
      to demonstrate haploid expression for GOT-1. The data obtained suggest, moreover,
      that the reduction in male gamete transmission of duplications may be due to
      differences in pollen competitive ability rather than to processes affecting
      microspore maturation.

PMID- 6362657
TI  - Genetic control of shikimate dehydrogenase in hexaploid wheat.
AB  - The genetics of shikimate dehydrogenase (SKDH; EC 1.1.1.25) was investigated in
      Triticum aestivum cv Chinese Spring (2n = 6x = 42; genomic formula ABD) using the
      zymogram technique. The enzyme occurs in two electrophoretically distinct forms
      on starch gels. The results of a study of aneuploid derivatives of Chinese Spring
      indicate that the SKDH isozyme of faster electrophoretic mobility is encoded by a
      gene, designated Skdh-A1, located in the p (= short) arm of chromosome 5A and
      that the products of two other genes, designated Skdh-B1 and Skdh-D1, located one
      each in the p arms of homoeologous chromosomes 5B and 5D, respectively, encode
      two isozymes of slower and coincident electrophoretic mobility. Additional
      evidence for this interpretation of the genetic basis of hexaploid wheat SKDH was
      obtained in studies of the SKDH zymogram phenotypes of various close relatives of
      hexaploid wheat, including T. monococcum, T. longissimum, T. tauschii, T.
      turgidum, and T. timopheevii.

PMID- 6362659
TI  - Identification of low-frequency modes in protein molecules.
AB  - It is demonstrated that the observed low-frequency motions with wave numbers of
      22 cm-1 and 25 cm-1 for insulin and lysozyme respectively originate from the
      accordion-like motions of the principal helices therein. The calculated results
      based on such a model are in good agreement with the observed values. During
      calculations the role of the internal microenvironment upon the low-frequency
      motion is naturally revealed, so as to elucidate as well why this kind of low
      frequency motion is so sensitive to the conformations of proteins observed.

PMID- 6362658
TI  - Reliability of transferrin and leucine aminopeptidase phenotyping in wild meadow
      voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus).
AB  - Replicate plasma samples from wild Microtus pennsylvanicus were typed by gradient
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the transferrin and leucine aminopeptidase
      polymorphisms. Phenotypes remained the same through major seasonal changes in
      reproductive activity and environmental conditions. Possible explanations for the
      anomalous phenotypic variation seen in Microtus ochrogaster [McGovern M., and
      Tracy, C. R. (1981). Oecologia 51:276] are discussed.

PMID- 6362660
TI  - Chemical modification of Escherichia coli succinyl-CoA synthetase with the
      adenine nucleotide analogue 5'-p-fluorosulphonylbenzoyladenosine.
AB  - Escherichia coli succinyl-CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.5) was irreversibly
      inactivated on incubation with the adenine nucleotide analogue 5'-p
      fluorosulphonylbenzoyladenosine (5'-FSBA). Optimal inactivation by 5'-FSBA took
      place in 40% (v/v) dimethylformamide. ATP and ADP protected the enzyme against
      inactivation by 5'-FSBA, whereas desulpho-CoA, an analogue of CoA, did not.
      Inactivation of succinyl-CoA synthetase by 5'-FSBA resulted in total loss of
      almost four thiol groups per alpha beta-dimer, of which two groups appeared to be
      essential for catalytic activity. 5'-FSBA at the first instance appeared to
      interact non-specifically with non-essential thiol groups, followed by a more
      specific reaction with essential thiol groups in the ATP(ADP)-binding region.
      Plots of the data according to the method of Tsou [(1962) Sci. Sin. 11, 1535
      1558] revealed that, of the two slower-reacting thiol groups, only one was
      essential for catalytic activity. When succinyl-CoA synthetase that had been
      totally inactivated by 5'-FSBA was unfolded in acidic urea and then refolded in
      the presence of 100 mM-dithiothreitol, 85% of the activity, in comparison with
      the appropriate control, was restored. These data are interpreted to indicate
      that inactivation of succinyl-CoA synthetase by 5'-FSBA involves the formation of
      a disulphide bond between two cysteine residues. Disulphide bond formation likely
      proceeds via a thiosulphonate intermediate between 5'-p-sulphonylbenzoyladenosine
      and one of the reactive thiol groups of the enzyme.

PMID- 6362661
TI  - The serine proteinase chain of human complement component C1s. Cyanogen bromide
      cleavage and N-terminal sequences of the fragments.
AB  - Human complement component C1s was purified from fresh blood by conventional
      methods of precipitation and chromatography. The single-chain zymogen form was
      activated by treatment with C1r. Reduction and carboxymethylation then allowed
      the light chain and heavy chain to be separated on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B in 8 M
      urea. Liquid-phase sequencing of the light chain determined 50 residues from the
      N-terminus. CNBr-cleavage fragments of the light chain were separated by high
      pressure liquid chromatography on gel-permeation and reverse-phase columns. N
      Terminal sequencing of these fragments determined the order of a further 138
      residues, giving a total of 188 residues or about 75% of the light chain. Seven
      of these eight sequences could be readily aligned with the amino acid sequences
      of other serine proteinases. The typical serine proteinase active-site residues
      are clearly conserved in C1s, and the specificity-related side chain of the
      substrate-binding pocket is aspartic acid, as in trypsin, consistent with the
      proteolytic action of C1s on C4 at an arginine residue. Somewhat surprisingly,
      when the C1s sequence is compared with that of complement subcomponent C1r, the
      percentage difference (59%) is approximately the same as that found between the
      other mammalian serine proteinases (56-71%).

PMID- 6362662
TI  - Preparation of [B23-D-alanine]des-(B25-B30)-hexapeptide-insulin by a combination
      of enzymic and non-enzymic synthesis.
AB  - Des-(B25-B30)-hexapeptide-insulin with B23-glycine replaced by D-alanine was
      prepared by a combination of enzymic and non-enzymic syntheses. The purified
      product was homogeneous in polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and could be
      crystallized. The biological activity in vivo of crystalline [B23-D-Ala]des-(B25
      B30)-hexapeptide-insulin was determined as 58% of that of standard pig insulin
      (27 i.u./mg).

PMID- 6362663
TI  - Phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis in isolated guinea-pig islets of Langerhans.
AB  - Previous studies have reported an increased turnover of phospholipid in isolated
      islets of Langerhans in response to raised glucose concentrations. The present
      investigation was thus undertaken to determine the nature of any phospholipases
      that may be implicated in this phenomenon by employing various radiolabelled
      exogenous phospholipids. Hydrolysis of 1-acyl-2
      [14C]arachidonoylglycerophosphoinositol by a sonicated preparation of islets
      optimally released radiolabelled lysophosphatidylinositol, arachidonic acid and
      1,2-diacylglycerol at pH 5,7 and 9 respectively. This indicates the presence of a
      phospholipase A1 and a phospholipase C. However, the lack of any labelled
      lysophosphatidylinositol production when 2-acyl-1
      [14C]stearoylglycerophosphoinositol was hydrolysed argues against a role for
      phospholipase A2 in the release of arachidonic acid. Phospholipase C activity as
      measured by phosphatidyl-myo-[3H]inositol hydrolysis was optimal around pH8,
      required Ca2+ for activity and was predominantly cytosolic in origin. The time
      course of phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis at pH 6 indicated a precursor-product
      relationship for 1,2-diacylglycerol and arachidonic acid respectively. The
      release of these two products when phosphatidylinositol was hydrolysed by either
      islet or acinar tissue was similar. However, phospholipase A1 activity was 20
      fold higher in acinar tissue. Substrate specificity studies with islet tissue
      revealed that arachidonic acid release from phosphatidylethanolamine and
      phosphatidylcholine was only 8% and 2.5% respectively of that from
      phosphatidylinositol. Diacylglycerol lipase was also demonstrated in islet tissue
      being predominantly membrane bound and stimulated by Ca2+. The availability of
      non-esterified arachidonic acid in islet cells could be regulated by changes in
      the activity of a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C acting in concert
      with a diacylglycerol lipase.

PMID- 6362664
TI  - Increased surface binding sites of insulin in ML236B (compactin)-resistant
      mutants of Chinese hamster cell line.
AB  - Mutants resistant to ML236B (compactin) were isolated from the Chinese hamster
      lung V79 cell line (1). Three ML236B-resistant mutants, MF-1, MF-2 and MF-3, were
      enhanced in insulin-specific binding activity about 2 to 3 times over the
      parental V79 cell lines. Compared to V79, endocytosis of insulin was also
      increased 2 to 3-fold in ML236B-resistant mutants than V79. Scatchard analysis
      showed that 5,000 insulin binding sites per cell in V79 and 16,000 in a NL236B
      resistant clone, MF-2. Insulin receptors in mutant and parental strains are down
      regulated to a similar extent in the parental V79 treated with an excess insulin.
      This is the first somatic cell mutant with increased surface binding sites for
      insulin.

PMID- 6362665
TI  - Spermidine and spermine stimulate the activity of T4-DNA ligase.
AB  - When the ability of T4-DNA ligase from E. coli NM 989 to form higher molecular
      weight polymers from linearized plasmid pJDB 207 was followed, it was observed
      that physiological concentrations (0.5 to 1.0 mM) of spermidine and spermine
      greatly stimulated the formation of these polymers. The effect had a strict
      specificity since 1,3-diaminopropane, putrescine (1,4-diaminobutane) and N1
      acetylspermidine neither stimulated nor inhibited this activity of DNA ligase.
      The structural analogues of spermidine, methyl bis(guanylhydrazone) and 1,1'
      [(methylethanediylidene)dinitrilo]bis(3-aminoguanidine) totally abolished the
      stimulatory effect of spermidine on T4-DNA ligase without affecting the enzyme's
      basal activity.

PMID- 6362666
TI  - Only one of the two signals required for initiation of the cell cycle is
      associated with cellular accumulation of ribosomal RNA.
AB  - Two intracellular functions are elicited by the serum component in culture media
      in order to initiate the cell cycle: "competence" and "progression". Although
      both functions have to be present simultaneously for start of cell division, it
      is shown here for Swiss 3T3 cells that only one of them, the progression signal,
      is associated with reaccumulation of ribosomal RNA. This result points to the
      cellular complement of ribosomes as one of the limiting parameters for cell
      division.

PMID- 6362667
TI  - Large scale purification and structural properties of yeast aspartyl-tRNA
      synthetase.
AB  - A large scale purification procedure of baker's yeast aspartyl-tRNA synthetase is
      described which yields more than 200 mg pure protein starting from 30 Kg of wet
      commercial cells. The synthetase is an alpha 2 dimer of Mr = 125,000 +/- 5,000
      which can be crystallized (J. Mol. Biol. 138, 1980, 129-135). The enzyme has an
      elongated shape with a Stokes radius of 50 A and a frictional ratio of 1.5. The
      synthetase has a tendency to aggregate but methods are described where this
      effect is overcome.

PMID- 6362668
TI  - Mitochondrial DNA-binding proteins that bind preferentially to supercoiled
      molecules containing the D-loop region of Xenopus laevis mtDNA.
AB  - From the bulk of the Xenopus laevis mitochondrial proteins insoluble in 1% Triton
      X-100 + 1M NaCl, we have isolated, by DNA-cellulose chromatography, a protein
      fraction enriched in DNA-binding proteins. This fraction contains proteins
      showing a specific affinity for supercoiled DNA molecules containing the
      mitochondrial DNA displacement-loop region, as measured by filter binding and
      competition assays.

PMID- 6362669
TI  - Decreased insulin-generation of pyruvate dehydrogenase inhibitor in insulin
      resistant states.
AB  - Insulin resistance produced in rats by feeding a high fat diet or by
      dexamethasone administration (50 micrograms/day, sc for 4 days) resulted in 50
      70% decrease in the generation of pyruvate dehydrogenase inhibitor by insulin
      exposed liver particulate fractions. The inhibition was dose dependent. Treatment
      of insulin mediator preparations with neuraminidase and B-D-galactosidase
      resulted in inactivation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase inhibitor. Presence of
      exogenous enzyme substrates during enzyme digestion partially protected the
      inhibitor from inactivation. Protease treatment did not affect the inhibitor
      while the stimulatory activity of the insulin mediator was abolished by trypsin
      treatment. These results together with the previous report suggest that insulin
      resistance results in a decrease in the generation of both of the mediators of
      insulin action. This may result from a decrease in insulin binding, shown
      earlier, or from a decrease in precursor availability.

PMID- 6362670
TI  - Selective enhancement of the induction of alpha-lactalbumin activity in rat
      mammary explants by epidermal growth factor.
AB  - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) enhances the induction of alpha-lactalbumin in
      mammary explants from pregnant and virgin rats in the presence of insulin (I),
      hydrocortisone (F) and prolactin (P). EGF also enhances the prolactin-independent
      induction of alpha-lactalbumin in tissue from pregnant rats and evokes prolactin
      independent induction of alpha-lactalbumin in mammary tissue from virgin rats in
      the presence of I and F. Casein synthesis and galactosyltransferase activity are
      unaffected by EGF in the IFP-system, and are not induced in the IF-EGF-system.
      Multiplication stimulating activity, nerve growth factor, fibroblast growth
      factor and platelet-derived growth factor do not mimic the selective effects of
      EGF on rat alpha-lactalbumin. These influences of EGF on the differentiation of
      isolated rat mammary tissue are compared with those on mouse and rabbit tissue
      studied previously.

PMID- 6362671
TI  - Evolution of cellular ATP concentration after UV-mediated induction of SOS system
      in Escherichia coli.
AB  - UV-irradiation of E. coli induces a two fold increase in ATP pool in the first 20
      min. Afterwards, in RecA+ strains ATP level drops quickly below values of non
      irradiated cells. Mutants of E. coli defective in RecA protein or with either
      RecA protease activity deficient or protease resistant LexA repressor do not
      present this decrease, showing that it is due to cleavage of LexA repressor by
      RecA protease. The ATP increase produced in the first 20 min is dependent on
      RecBC exonuclease activity and it must be due to substrate level phosphorylation
      since an uncoupler such as dinitrophenol does not affect it.

PMID- 6362672
TI  - Structural specificity of the triamines sym-homospermidine and
      aminopropylcadaverine in stimulating growth of spermidine auxotrophs of
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - sym-Homospermidine (HSpe) was compared with its structural isomer,
      aminopropylcadaverine (AP5), and the naturally-occurring triamine, spermidine
      (Spe), in its ability to stimulate the growth of Spe auxotrophs of Escherichia
      coli. HSpe was taken up by the cells, but was less effective than Spe in
      stimulating growth. In at least one E. coli auxotroph, HSpe was also less
      effective than AP5.

PMID- 6362673
TI  - The elusory role of serotonin in vascular function and disease.

PMID- 6362674
TI  - Relative mutagenicity and teratogenicity of cyclophosphamide and two of its
      structural analogs.
AB  - In this report, cyclophosphamide was compared to two of its structural analogs,
      5,5-dimethylcyclophosphamide and diethylcyclophosphamide, with respect to
      mutagenic and teratogenic activities. Mutagenicity was assessed using Salmonella
      typhimurium TA 1535; teratogenicity was assessed in Sprague-Dawley rats on day 20
      of gestation after intra-amniotic drug administration on day 13. After metabolic
      activation, cyclophosphamide caused base substitution mutations in S. typhimurium
      TA 1535 and major structural defects in both intra-amniotically injected and
      contralateral uninjected fetuses. 5,5-Dimethylcyclophosphamide was neither
      mutagenic nor teratogenic. Diethylcyclophosphamide was not mutagenic but was
      teratogenic. However, diethylcyclophosphamide was less potent as a teratogen than
      cyclophosphamide and, unlike cyclophosphamide, caused malformations only in the
      intra-amniotically injected fetuses. Diethylcyclophosphamide does liberate
      acrolein after metabolic activation. If acrolein is responsible for the
      teratogenic effects of diethylcyclophosphamide, the other major cytotoxic
      metabolite of cyclophosphamide, phosphoramide mustard, may account for the
      difference in teratogenic potency between cyclophosphamide and
      diethylcyclophosphamide. These results would suggest that acrolein, although
      apparently not mutagenic, mediates the teratogenicity of diethylcyclophosphamide
      and a significant proportion of the teratogenicity of cyclophosphamide.

PMID- 6362675
TI  - Thymuline (FTS) in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6362676
TI  - Double-blind co-operative trial to compare trimethoprim-sulfalene and co
      trimoxazole in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections.
AB  - Two fixed trimethoprim-sulfonamide combinations were compared in a clinical trial
      for their effectiveness and safety in the treatment of patients with acute lower
      respiratory tract infections (pneumonia, bronchopenumonia, purulent
      tracheobronchitis, ect.). 46 in-patients were randomly allocated to Kelfiprim
      (trimethoprim 250 mg + sulfalene (sulfamethopyrazine) 200 mg) or to co
      trimoxazole (trimethoprim 320 mg + sulfamethoxazole 1600 mg) and were treated for
      1-2 weeks under double-blind conditions. Assessment of effectiveness was based on
      daily follow-up of subjective and objective signs and symptoms, on changes in X
      ray picture, and on microbiological and laboratory findings. Response to therapy
      was excellent or good in 86% of patients receiving Kelfiprim and in 79% of those
      given cotrimoxazole. Transient side-effects were observed in three patients under
      Kelfiprim (two allergic reactions and one G.I. complaint) and in one under co
      trimoxazole (altered kidney function).

PMID- 6362677
TI  - ASHA--from adolescence onward.

PMID- 6362678
TI  - Occupational mobility of speech-language pathologists and audiologists: Part I.

PMID- 6362679
TI  - Training issues. Graduate student externship.

PMID- 6362680
TI  - Differential suppression of lymphocyte cholesterol synthesis by low density
      lipoprotein and erythrocyte insulin receptors in normolipidemic subjects.
AB  - The rates of cholesterol synthesis from acetate were studied in freshly isolated
      peripheral blood lymphocytes in 41 age- and sex-matched subjects with essentially
      normal serum lipid profiles. Insulin binding to erythrocytes obtained from the
      same blood samples was also studied simultaneously. From the data on lymphocyte
      cholesterol synthesis in the absence or presence of low density lipoprotein in
      the medium, an index, LDL50, was calculated for each subject. This is the
      concentration of LDL cholesterol (nmol/ml) in the medium necessary to reduce
      cholesterol synthesis to 50% of that in the absence of LDL. On the basis of
      LDL50, the subjects could be segregated into three distinct groups, I, II, and
      III, with LDL50 of 6.5, 23.3, and 77.0 nmol/ml, respectively. This grouping was
      independent of the serum lipid profiles, age or sex. Insulin binding studies
      showed that the amount of insulin specifically bound and the number of insulin
      receptors per cell were inversely correlated with LDL50. LDL50 was also
      determined for 4 subjects with clinically manifested consequences of familial
      hypercholesterolemia. The LDL50 values for these individuals corresponded to
      values obtained for subjects in group III. The number of insulin receptors and
      the amount of insulin bound in these patients were correspondingly low. These
      results suggest that LDL50 may be useful in discerning abnormal cellular
      cholesterol metabolism in subjects with or without accompanying hyperlipidemias.

PMID- 6362681
TI  - [Catenotaenia neotomae sp. n. (Cestoda: Dilepidae), a parasite of Neotoma lepida
      (Rodentia: Cricetidae) in Nevada, U.S.A].

PMID- 6362682
TI  - [Psoriatic arthritis: considerations on recent studies: serum beta 2
      microglobulin and circulating T-gamma lymphocytes].
AB  - The results of two recent studies of our group have been reported. They regard
      two immunological parameters of psoriatic arthritis: the proportions of T gamma
      lymphocytes in peripheral blood and the beta 2 microglobulin in the serum. The
      data obtained in psoriatic arthritis patients have been compared to those found
      in normal controls and in rheumatoid arthritis patients. T gamma mean values in
      psoriatic arthritis were significantly lower than those present in healthy
      subjects and in rheumatoid patients. These last patients showed beta 2
      microglobulin mean values significantly higher than those observed in normal
      controls and in psoriatic arthritis patients. Conversely, the mean of beta 2
      microglobulin levels in psoriatic arthritis has been found to be similar to that
      observed in normal controls, but a superimposition in the range of individual
      values of these two groups with the concentrations determined in rheumatoid
      subjects has been found. These results seem to be of interest in relation to the
      immunopathogenetic mechanism of psoriatic arthritis, but are of little help in
      the clinical differentiation of the two rheumatological affections considered.

PMID- 6362683
TI  - [Oral glucose tolerance test reevaluated in 68 subjects for its validity in
      growth hormone secretors].
AB  - The aim of this research was to establish both the frequency and the amount of
      the response of pituitary GH secretion to oral glucose load (OGL) in comparison
      to the usual, insulin and arginine, stimuli. Previous research on this topic was
      performed using either a limited number of subjects or experimenting throughout
      too short a period of time. 68 young subjects, 50 males and 18 females, aged 6-17
      years, were studied. All 68 subjects underwent three stimuli of pituitary GH
      secretion: oral glucose and i.v. administered insulin and arginine. Patients were
      divided, according to our clinical knowledge and that of Tanner and Co. into: 1)
      responders, characterized by a plasma GH peak greater than 6 ng/ml, following at
      least one of the three stimuli; 2) non-responders, characterized by a plasma GH
      peak inferior to 6 ng/ml, following all three stimuli. A positive response was
      obtained by OGL in 79.68% of subjects, while a positive response was obtained by
      insulin stimulus in 72.58% and by arginine stimulus in 77.77%. The presence of
      positive response to OGL is not correlated to the patients age. The amount of the
      response, i.e. the mean of plasma GH peaks is similar using both OGL (11.92 +/-
      8.57 SD) and insulin stimulus (11.75 +/- 7.48 SD). Some patients (8.82%)
      responded only to OGL stimulus, lacking a response to arginine and insulin
      stimuli. The authors emphasized the use of OGL because it is devoid of side
      reactions and because it simultaneously allows an evaluation of both glucose
      tolerance and insulin secretion capacity.

PMID- 6362684
TI  - [Immunochemical determination of immunoglobulins and lysozyme in normal human
      saliva - principal assay technics].
AB  - We have studied a method to determine the concentrations of low level of
      immunoglobulins and lysozyme in saliva. The concentration of IgG, IgA and IgM in
      human whole saliva were measured by fluorimetric method and the concentration of
      lysozyme by turbidimetric method. The results of our study in 18 normal subjects
      (15 females and 3 males), have showed the geometric mean concentration
      (microgram/ml) IgG 5,1; IgA 177; IgM 2,6 and lysozyme 117.

PMID- 6362685
TI  - [Mechanism of the development of akinesia in Parkinson's disease --with reference
      to L-threo-DOPS therapy].

PMID- 6362686
TI  - Controversial aspects of composite resin restorative materials.

PMID- 6362687
TI  - The changing pattern of treatment in the general dental service 1965-1981. Part 1
      -General trends and non-restorative treatment.

PMID- 6362688
TI  - Haemodynamic and humoral responses to chronic ketanserin treatment in essential
      hypertension.
AB  - Ketanserin (120 mg/day) or placebo was given orally to 14 patients with mild to
      moderate essential hypertension according to a double blind crossover protocol,
      each treatment period lasting six weeks. Resting intra-arterial pressure in the
      recumbent position was reduced from 150/84 to 141/77 mm Hg; the hypotensive
      effect persisted throughout an uninterrupted graded exercise test to the point of
      exhaustion. The haemodynamic effects were similar at rest and during exercise.
      Overall, systemic vascular resistance decreased by 14%, heart rate fell by 5%,
      but stroke volume and cardiac output increased. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure
      and capillary wedge pressure were not significantly affected, but pulmonary
      vascular resistance decreased by 15%. The pressor response to methoxamine was
      significantly reduced by ketanserin. Both plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline
      concentrations increased, plasma renin activity and angiotensin II concentration
      decreased, and plasma aldosterone concentration was unchanged. The data indicate
      that ketanserin induces arteriolar dilatation, possibly related to an alpha-1
      antagonistic action and to a reduced circulating angiotensin II concentration.
      The haemodynamic response is complex, and an increase in cardiac output limits
      the hypotensive effect. There is no firm evidence of an effect on venous tone as
      cardiac filling pressures do not change.

PMID- 6362689
TI  - Investigation of left ventricular function by digital subtraction angiography.
AB  - Twenty five patients who had undergone conventional coronary arteriography and
      left ventriculography for suspected coronary artery disease had left
      ventriculography performed by digital subtraction angiography as outpatients;
      there were no complications requiring admission to hospital. A catheter was
      introduced percutaneously and positioned in the superior vena cava; 40-50 ml of
      contrast medium was injected at 16-18 ml/s. Left ventriculograms were recorded in
      the 30 degrees right anterior oblique projection. Diagnostic images were recorded
      in each case. Left ventricular wall movement was assessed as normal in nine
      patients, globally hypokinetic in 10, and aneurysmal in six. In each case there
      was agreement between the two methods. Ejection fraction varied between 17% and
      78%. It is concluded that digital subtraction angiography provides a reliable
      assessment of overall left ventricular function and distinguishes between those
      patients with a potentially resectable lesion and those with global impairment of
      function.

PMID- 6362690
TI  - Nausea and vomiting.

PMID- 6362691
TI  - Effect of anaesthesia on gastric motility and emptying.

PMID- 6362692
TI  - Drug absorption in the gut.

PMID- 6362693
TI  - Extradural administration of morphine and bupivacaine. A controlled comparison.
AB  - Analgesia, following operation, was provided by the extradural administration of
      morphine or bupivacaine in 24 patients, in a double-blind, randomized, cross-over
      study. Observations were made of vital signs, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR),
      quality and duration of pain relief and the occurrence of adverse effects. Vital
      signs were little affected by morphine, but hypotension requiring active
      treatment occurred in three patients following the administration of bupivacaine.
      The PEFR was improved about equally by each drug, and the improvement was
      significant compared with control values (P less than 0.001). Pain relief as
      judged by the linear analogue scale was significantly better following
      bupivacaine than after morphine (P less than 0.001), but the pain score system,
      while showing effective pain relief in most patients with both drugs, did not
      demonstrate a significant difference between them. The duration of effect of
      morphine was significantly longer (P less than 0.05) than that of bupivacaine.
      Adverse effects, other than bupivacaine-induced hypotension, were not serious.

PMID- 6362694
TI  - Comparison of bupivacaine and etidocaine in extradural blockade.
AB  - In a randomized, double-blind study, 40 female patients underwent major
      gynaecological surgery with extradural anaesthesia provided by 0.75% bupivacaine,
      0.75% bupivacaine with adrenaline 5 micrograms ml-1, 1.5% etidocaine or 1.5%
      etidocaine with adrenaline 5 micrograms ml-1, 20 ml in each case. In all patients
      the resultant blockade was suitable for intra-abdominal pelvic surgery. Mean
      maximum spread of analgesia was around T3/4 with all four drugs. Onset of sensory
      and motor block was more rapid following etidocaine than following bupivacaine.
      The addition of adrenaline increased the speed of onset of sensory block.
      Patients receiving etidocaine had a denser motor blockade than those receiving
      bupivacaine, and the addition of adrenaline led to an increase in the density of
      the motor blockade. There were no differences in the durations of motor blockade.
      Objective measurements of the duration of sensory blockade showed that there were
      no differences between the drugs and that the addition of adrenaline increased
      the duration of blockade. However, pain returned sooner following etidocaine than
      bupivacaine, and the additive effect of adrenaline was to increase this period of
      subjective analgesia.

PMID- 6362695
TI  - Subarachnoid anaesthesia: comparison of hyperbaric solutions of bupivacaine and
      amethocaine.
AB  - Hyperbaric solutions of 0.5% bupivacaine and 0.5% amethocaine (2 and 3 ml) were
      compared in a double-blind study of 40 patients receiving subarachnoid
      anaesthesia for urological surgery. The drugs produced similar and satisfactory
      analgesia in the tested concentrations and volumes. Motor blockade was more
      profound and longer lasting with amethocaine.

PMID- 6362696
TI  - The effect of intravenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin, PGI2) on cerebral blood
      flow and cardiac output in man.
AB  - Epoprostenol (prostacyclin, PGI2) was given intravenously to seven healthy
      volunteers in a dose of 4 ng kg-1 min-1 over a 30 min period. Diastolic blood
      pressure fell but there was no change in cardiac output. The mean PGI2
      concentration at the end of the infusion was 0.43 ng/ml (1.1 nM) and a
      significant inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation occurred. Although
      obvious facial flushing occurred in all subjects and some subjects complained of
      headache, cerebral blood flow tended to fall. The results do not support the
      hypothesis that PGI2 acts as a physiological vasodilator involved in the
      homeostasis of normal cerebral blood flow.

PMID- 6362697
TI  - Tolerance studies with brotizolam in hospitalized patients.
AB  - A long-term study of brotizolam (minimum 4 weeks: maximum 26 weeks) was carried
      out in hospitalized patients (29 to 95 years) who complained of sleep
      disturbance. 3.0% of the patients used 0.125 mg, 86.4% used 0.25 mg, and 10.0%
      used 0.5 mg daily. During the trial there was no evidence of tolerance. There
      were no symptoms of overdosage, physical and psychological dependency or
      withdrawal, and there were no interactions with the concurrently prescribed
      drugs. There were no changes in vital functions, haematology, or in the
      biochemical investigations of blood or urine which could be attributed to the
      drug.

PMID- 6362698
TI  - Efficacy and tolerance: comparative studies with brotizolam and flunitrazepam.
AB  - Efficacy of and tolerance to 0.25 mg brotizolam and 2.0 mg flunitrazepam were
      compared over a period of 6 days in ambulatory patients complaining of sleep
      disturbance. The study was double-blind and randomised with a parallel group
      design. Both drugs improved sleep. More patients assessed sleep latency as
      shorter during the first night of ingestion with flunitrazepam than with
      brotizolam, but assessments were comparable over the next 5 days. The number of
      patients who considered that the frequency of nocturnal awakenings was less did
      not differ significantly between drugs. Tolerance to brotizolam (0.25 mg) was
      assessed more favourably than with flunitrazepam (2.0 mg). The study suggests
      that brotizolam (0.25 mg) is indicated for patients who have difficulty in
      falling asleep and staying asleep, and who must preserve their alertness during
      the early part of the next day. Flunitrazepam (2.0 mg) is equally effective, but
      at this dose there is a higher incidence of adverse effects.

PMID- 6362699
TI  - Comparative studies on the efficacy of brotizolam and nitrazepam: a multi-centre
      study.
AB  - Efficacy and tolerability of brotizolam (0.25 and 0.5 mg) were compared over a 6
      day period with nitrazepam (5.0 mg) in middle-aged patients (less than 65 years)
      with sleep disturbances requiring medication. The study was double-blind and
      randomised with a cross-over design. Each preparation reduced sleep onset latency
      and frequency of awakenings, and improved quality and duration of sleep as well
      as subjective condition on awakening. Brotizolam 0.25 mg was found to be equally
      effective as 0.5 mg, and so the lower dose is recommended for the middle aged.

PMID- 6362700
TI  - Brotizolam and chronic insomnia: a multi-centre study.
AB  - A double-blind, crossover study was carried out on the acceptability of three
      doses of brotizolam (0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 mg) in chronic insomniacs aged between
      21 and 75 years (33 men: 42 women). Patients reported a shorter time to fall
      asleep and less nocturnal awakenings. Improvement in sleep was evident during the
      first week of the study when each patient received 0.25 mg. There were no dose
      related side-effects, and on withdrawal from the medication there was no evidence
      of disturbed sleep which would have suggested a rebound effect.

PMID- 6362701
TI  - Hypnotic activity of brotizolam: a study in general practice.
AB  - A double-blind, crossover study was carried out in general practice on the
      hypnotic activity of 0.25 mg brotizolam in patients aged between 18 and 70 years
      complaining of insomnia (11 men, 28 women). Patients reported that they slept
      better, that they awoke less frequently and that they slept longer with
      brotizolam than with placebo. Overall the patients preferred brotizolam to
      placebo, and subjective assessments of well-being after brotizolam did not differ
      from those after placebo. Brotizolam was well tolerated and there were no
      incidents of note.

PMID- 6362702
TI  - Brotizolam as a pre-operative hypnotic.
AB  - Efficacy of and tolerance to brotizolam when used as a preoperative hypnotic were
      studied in two double-blind, randomised parallel group studies. Brotizolam (0.25
      and 0.50 mg) was superior to placebo. Efficacy was assessed as good-to
      satisfactory in 73.0% of patients with 0.25 mg and in 88.0% with 0.5 mg. A
      similar assessment was reached in 40.0% of patients with placebo. Brotizolam 0.5
      mg was superior to 0.25 mg, and with the higher dose subjective assessments of
      anxiety were reduced. Efficacy of tolerance to 0.5 mg brotizolam and 2.0 mg
      flunitrazepam were compared, and both drugs were found to be effective and well
      tolerated. Brotizolam maintained sleep throughout the night more effectively than
      flunitrazepam. A dose range of 0.25-0.5 mg brotizolam is recommended as a pre
      operative hypnotic.

PMID- 6362703
TI  - Brotizolam: review of clinical studies.

PMID- 6362704
TI  - Clofibrate enhances the affinity of insulin receptors in non-insulin dependent
      diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Glucose-lowering mechanism by clofibrate was studied in non-insulin dependent
      diabetics managed with dietary therapy alone. Clofibrate 1500 mg was administered
      for 1 month to 15 patients, and 75 g oral glucose tolerance test and insulin
      tolerance test were carried out before and after 1 month of the treatment.
      Fasting plasma glucose values were decreased from 9.34 +/- 0.53 mmol/l to 7.58 +/
      0.33 mmol/l (P less than 0.01), and fasting insulin levels were decreased from
      13.8 +/- 1.7 microunits/ml to 10.1 +/- 1.5 microunits/ml (P less than 0.05).
      However, insulinogenic index and sigma IRI/sigma glucose ratio during 75 g oral
      glucose tolerance test were not changed. Enhanced glucose fall in insulin
      tolerance test was also observed. As these results suggested the enhanced tissue
      sensitivity to insulin, we examined the insulin binding to erythrocytes before
      and at 3 months' treatment of clofibrate in 10 non-insulin dependent diabetics.
      Insulin bindings were increased from 3.41 +/- 0.17% to 4.11 +/- 0.20% in the
      presence of 1 ng/ml of native insulin (P less than 0.01). This increased binding
      was due to an increased affinity without a change in the number of insulin
      receptors. These results suggest that improved glucose tolerance by clofibrate
      might be derived from the enhanced tissue sensitivity to insulin, probably
      through an enhanced affinity of insulin receptors.

PMID- 6362706
TI  - Speech pathology considerations in the management of transsexualism--a review.

PMID- 6362705
TI  - An immunohistological study of testicular germ cell tumours using two different
      monoclonal antibodies against placental alkaline phosphatase.
AB  - Using two monoclonal antibodies directed against placental alkaline phosphatase
      (H17E2 and D20L) the immunohistological staining of testicular germ cell tumours
      was compared with that of a wide range of normal and malignant tissues. All
      seminomas and malignant teratomas tested gave strong positive labelling with
      H17E2 but were either negative or only patchily positive with D20L. Neither
      antibody gave any positive reaction on the normal tissues tested. All other
      malignancies were negative with both antibodies apart from two cases of ovarian
      and one case of endometrical cancer (strongly stained by H17E2) and three cases
      of colonic carcinoma (weakly and patchily stained by both H17E2 and D20L). This
      indicates that germ cell neoplasms generally express a form of placental alkaline
      phosphatase recognised by antibody H17E2.

PMID- 6362707
TI  - A routine immuno-electron microscopic technique for localizing an auto-antibody
      on epidermal basement membrane.
AB  - A new diagnostic technique is described, in which 0.7 mm thick slices of skin are
      freshly cut, thoroughly washed, slightly fixed and directly incubated in
      peroxidase-labelled antibodies. This easy technique allows routine immuno
      electron microscopic diagnosis of subepidermal auto-immune bullous diseases, with
      excellent morphological results.

PMID- 6362708
TI  - Effect of retinoic acid and low calcium conditions on surface glycoconjugates
      defined by differential lectin labelling in mouse epidermal cell culture.
AB  - The appearance of cell surface glycoconjugates (detected by fluorescein
      isothiocyanate-conjugated lectins and bullous pemphigoid antibody) was serially
      examined in mouse epidermal cell cultures treated with trans-retinoic acid and
      aromatic retinoic acid (etretinate) and in cultures maintained under low calcium
      conditions. The changes in lectin staining occurred in concert with the process
      of differentiation as assessed by cell morphology and colony growth
      characteristics, and they correlated with the patterns observed in whole mouse
      skin. The keratocyte cultures treated with retinoic acid showed delayed and
      reduced differentiation and stratification, and this was associated with markedly
      reduced binding of lectins specific for N-acetyl-glucosamine and fucose. The low
      calcium concentration produced similar changes. Thus, the loss of surface
      glycoconjugates in the epidermal cell culture system was not specific for either
      retinoic acid or low calcium, but correlated with the degree of cell
      differentiation.

PMID- 6362709
TI  - The fetal prognosis in pemphigoid gestationis (herpes gestationis).
AB  - We have studied the infants in fifty pregnancies affected by pemphigoid
      gestationis (herpes gestationis). There was a significant increase in the
      frequency of infants that were 'small for dates'. As such infants have a raised
      mortality and morbidity it follows that in pemphigoid gestationis the fetal
      prognosis is impaired. In view of this it is essential that patients with
      pemphigoid gestationis are delivered in maternity units which have facilities for
      intensive care of the newborn.

PMID- 6362710
TI  - Clinical annotation. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

PMID- 6362711
TI  - Oral administration of cyclosporin A for recipients of allogeneic marrow
      transplants: implications of clinical gut dysfunction.
AB  - Cyclosporin A (CyA) was used to minimize graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in 28
      recipients of allogeneic marrow transplants. When given orally, the absorption of
      CyA was markedly dependent on normal gut function. Patients without gut
      dysfunction showed normal serum concentration-time curves while those with
      diarrhoea from any cause (chemo-radiation enteritis, acute GVHD of the gut,
      infectious enteritis) showed minimal absorption of the drug. These data indicate
      the desirability of the intravenous administration of CyA during periods of gut
      dysfunction in marrow transplant recipients.

PMID- 6362712
TI  - Diabetic retinopathy in pregnancy.
AB  - The records of 23 insulin-dependent diabetics who had serial ophthalmological
      examinations during pregnancy and afterwards were reviewed. Fourteen pregnancies
      occurred in 10 patients with no retinopathy; 30% of these patients had obstetric
      complications. The mean birthweight was 3.5 kg. Ophthalmological status was
      unchanged in this group. In eight patients with background retinopathy during 10
      pregnancies the obstetric complication rate was 70% and mean birthweight 3.3 kg.
      During pregnancy there was no evidence of progression of retinopathy. One patient
      developed proliferative retinopathy 4 years later. Five patients had
      proliferative retinopathy. The mean age (32 years) and duration of diabetes at
      index pregnancy (18 years) was greater than for the other groups. All patients
      developed pre-eclampsia and mean birthweight was 2.8 kg. Four of these patients
      required argon laser photocoagulation in association with pregnancy for
      progressive retinopathy; one died subsequently from end-stage diabetic
      nephropathy; the other four have maintained their pre-pregnancy visual acuity
      from 4 to 10 years.

PMID- 6362713
TI  - The fetal renin-angiotensin system in pregnancy-induced hypertension.
AB  - Maternal and fetal blood samples were obtained from 10 normotensive primigravidae
      and 10 primigravidae with pregnancies complicated by hypertension and
      proteinuria. Measurements were performed of plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma
      renin concentration (PRC) and plasma renin substrate (PRS). PRA and PRC were
      significantly higher in cord artery and cord vein blood than in maternal venous
      blood in normotensive women, and PRS was significantly lower. PRS levels were
      lower in maternal plasma of hypertensive women, and, although PRC and PRA were
      lower in the cord blood of infants born to hypertensive women, these differences
      did not achieve statistical significance.

PMID- 6362714
TI  - In-vivo accuracy of ultrasound measurements of intrauterine volume in pregnancy.
AB  - The accuracy of ultrasonic measurements of intra-amniotic volume using a parallel
      planimetric area method was assessed in 18 women by comparison against different
      measures of the same volume space. In nine patients undergoing second-trimester
      termination of pregnancy amniotic fluid volume was measured using a dye dilution
      method and fetal volume was measured by either water displacement or calculated
      from fetal weight. The estimated intra-amniotic volume by this method was not
      significantly different from the ultrasonic measurement. In one patient who had a
      hysterotomy, fetal and amniotic fluid volumes showed a difference of 1.01%
      between ultrasonically-measured and actual intra-amniotic volume. In eight
      patients studied in the third trimester the mean difference between ultrasonic
      and estimated intra-amniotic volume at delivery was 6.2%.

PMID- 6362715
TI  - The treatment of premenstrual tension with mefenamic acid: analysis of
      prostaglandin concentrations.
AB  - Eighty patients with premenstrual tension were treated prospectively with
      mefenamic acid for a mean period of 13 months. Most of them (86%) reported
      significant relief of premenstrual tension. Symptoms of dysfunctional menorrhagia
      or primary dysmenorrhoea were also alleviated. In 19 patients, the plasma
      concentrations of prostaglandin (PG) E2, PGF2 alpha and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto
      prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM) were measured at intervals throughout three
      menstrual cycles. During the first cycle the patients received no treatment; in
      the subsequent two cycles they received either mefenamic acid or placebo in a
      randomized double-blind crossover manner. Similar measurements were made in 22
      matched control subjects. The plasma concentrations of PGE2, PGF2 alpha and PGFM
      were significantly lower in the 19 patients in all three menstrual cycles
      compared with the values in the control subjects. Excess synthesis of
      prostaglandins of the 1 series may occur in premenstrual tension and, by
      precursor depletion, result in decreased synthesis of the 2-series
      prostaglandins.

PMID- 6362716
TI  - Astigmatism following cataract surgery.
AB  - The changes in corneal curvature were determined at regular intervals over a one
      year period following intracapsular cataract extraction by microsurgical
      techniques. During the first postoperative month photokeratometric measurements
      showed rapid changes in astigmatism associated with large changes in the
      direction of the axis. Thereafter astigmatism against-the-rule predominated. Data
      from the small group of patients who underwent surgery in which the technique of
      phacoemulsification was used show that the smaller changes in corneal curvature
      are attributable to the smaller incision size and reduced number of sutures. With
      patients who underwent intracapsular extraction a comparison has been made
      between the effects of large and small section sizes, and a procedure is outlined
      whereby surgically induced astigmatism may be minimised.

PMID- 6362717
TI  - Stereospecificity and requirements for activity of the respiratory NADH
      dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli.
AB  - The respiratory NADH dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli has been further amplified
      in vivo by genetic methods. The enzyme, a single polypeptide of Mr 47 200 of
      known amino acid sequence [Young, I. G., Rogers, B. L., Campbell, H. D.,
      Jaworowski, A., & Shaw, D. C. (1981) Eur. J. Biochem. 116, 165-170], constitutes
      10-15% of the total protein in the amplified membranes. In situ in the membrane,
      the enzyme contains 1 mol of FAD/mol of subunit and has a specific
      NADH:ubiquinone-1 oxidoreductase activity of approximately 1100-1200 units mg-1
      at 30 degrees C, pH 7.5. The purified enzyme contains phospholipid, which remains
      closely associated with it during gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300 in the
      presence of 0.1% (w/v) cholate at low ionic strength. Under these conditions the
      enzyme is extensively aggregated (apparent Mr greater than 10(6]. This procedure
      yielded enzyme with a specific activity of 980 units mg-1, similar to the value
      observed in the membrane. This preparation contained less than 0.1 mol of Fe/mol
      of enzyme, confirming that Fe is not involved in reduction of ubiquinone 1
      catalyzed by the enzyme. Neutron activation analysis of purified enzyme has
      demonstrated the absence of 35 trace elements including Se, Zn, Mn, Co, W, Cu,
      and Fe. The enzyme polypeptide, prepared completely free of phospholipid, FAD,
      and ubiquinone by gel filtration in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, has
      been reactivated. The results show that the only components necessary for
      catalysis of ubiquinone-1 reduction by NADH in this system are the enzyme
      polypeptide, FAD, and phospholipid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6362718
TI  - Crystal-structure determination of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
      complex with horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase maintained in its apo conformation
      by zinc-bound imidazole.
AB  - A crystallographic study to 2.4-A resolution of the ternary complex between horse
      liver alcohol dehydrogenase (LADH), NADH, and the effector molecule imidazole
      (Im) (LADH-NADH-Im) is presented. The ligand binding and the changes in the
      protein structure due to ligand interactions were interpreted from difference
      electron density maps calculated with phase angles derived from the refined
      native enzyme model. The complex crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group
      C2221, and the enzyme structure remains in the apo conformation in which the
      active-site cleft is not entirely shielded from the solvent. NADH binds in an
      extended conformation, and the protein-coenzyme interactions are weaker compared
      to other complexes. The B-stereospecific side of the nicotinamide ring faces the
      catalytic center (LADH is known to be an A-side-specific enzyme). However, the
      reactive carbon atom C4 of the ring has a similar position in relation to active
      center groups in this structure compared to LADH complexes where the A side of
      the ring faces the substrate site. The carboxamide group is situated within
      hydrogen-bonding distance to the sulfur of Cys-46, which is one of the three
      protein ligands to the active-site zinc atom. The imidazole molecule is directly
      ligated to the metal ion, which has a roughly tetrahedral geometry in the
      complex.

PMID- 6362719
TI  - Immunochemical and molecular differentiation of 43 000 molecular weight proteins
      associated with Torpedo neuroelectrocyte synapses.
AB  - Synaptic membranes, highly enriched in nicotinic receptor, contain three 43 000
      molecular weight (Mr) peripheral proteins (distinctive in their peptide mapping
      profiles and earlier designated v1, v2, and v 3) as well as the receptor alpha 2
      beta gamma delta integral membrane subunits. Of the three proteins, only v1 is
      copurified with the membrane-bound receptor, while v2 and v3 are prominent
      cytosolic proteins, which are retained at significant levels in receptor-rich
      membranes during multistep centrifugation and affinity partitioning purification
      procedures [Gysin, R., Wirth, M., & Flanagan, S. D. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256,
      11373-11376]. Peptide mapping analysis of Torpedo v3 and rabbit skeletal actin
      indicates that the two proteins are closely related. The enzymatic activity,
      creatine phosphokinase (EC 2.7.3.2), copurifies with v2 during chromatofocusing
      fractionation of the cytosol. The Torpedo electroplax form of creatine
      phosphokinase has an electrophoretic mobility identical with that of the
      mammalian skeletal muscle form of the enzyme. Upon release of the membrane-bound
      forms of v1, creatine phosphokinase, and actin by the action of mild alkali, v1
      remains in a high molecular weight form. Dissociation of v1 into lower molecular
      weight species requires urea or sodium dodecyl sulfate (NaDodSO4). Preparation of
      essentially pure v1 was achieved by eluting the v1 protein spots directly from
      naDodSO4-isoelectric focusing gels loaded with alkali extracts derived from
      membranes highly enriched in nicotinic receptor. Amino acid compositions of the
      purified fractions indicate that v1 and Torpedo creatine phosphokinase have
      distinct amino acid compositions from each other and from that of actin.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6362720
TI  - Beta-hydroxydecanoyl thio ester dehydrase does not catalyze a rate-limiting step
      in Escherichia coli unsaturated fatty acid synthesis.
AB  - The intracellular level of beta-hydroxydecanoyl thio ester dehydrase, the product
      of the fabA gene of Escherichia coli, was increased by isolation of a putative
      promotor mutant (termed fabAup) or by molecular cloning of the wild-type fabA
      gene into plasmid pBR322. The fabAup and plasmid-carrying strains overproduced
      dehydrase by about 15- and 10-fold, respectively. The phospholipids of all
      strains that overproduced the dehydrase contained significantly higher levels of
      saturated fatty acids than isogenic strains producing a normal level of
      dehydrase. No increased levels of unsaturated fatty acids were observed. This
      result indicates that, although the dehydrase is required for unsaturated fatty
      acid synthesis, the level of dehydrase activity in wild-type cells does not limit
      the rate of unsaturated fatty acid synthesis. The introduction of a plasmid
      carrying the structural gene for beta-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein synthase I
      into a fabAup strain overcame the effect of dehydrase overproduction on fatty
      acid composition.

PMID- 6362721
TI  - Bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system. Mechanism of
      the transmembrane sugar translocation and phosphorylation.
AB  - The phosphoryl-group transfer from PHPr to glucose or alpha-methylglucose and
      from glucose 6-phosphate to these same sugars catalyzed by membrane-bound EIIBGlc
      of the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system has been
      studied in vitro. Kinetic measurements revealed that both the phosphorylation
      reaction and the exchange reaction proceed according to a ping-pong mechanism in
      which a phosphorylated membrane-bound enzyme II acts as an obligatory
      intermediate. The occurrence of a phospho-IIBGlc/IIIGlc has been physically
      demonstrated by the production of a glucose 6-phosphate burst from membranes
      phosphorylated by phosphoenolpyruvate, HPr, and EI. The observation of similar
      second-order rate constants for the production of sugar phosphate starting with
      different phosphoryl-group donors confirms the catalytic relevance of the
      phosphoenzyme IIBGlc intermediate. The in vitro results, together with data
      published by other investigators, have led to a model describing sugar
      phosphorylation and transport in vivo.

PMID- 6362722
TI  - Elementary steps in the reaction mechanism of chicken liver fatty acid synthase:
      reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate binding and formation and
      reduction of acetoacetyl-enzyme.
AB  - The kinetics of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)
      binding to fatty acid synthase from chicken liver and of the reduction of enzyme
      bound acetoacetyl by NADPH (beta-ketoacyl reductase) and the steps leading to
      formation of the acetoacetyl-enzyme have been studied in 0.1 M potassium
      phosphate-1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), pH 7.0, at 25 degrees C by
      monitoring changes in NADPH fluorescence with a stopped-flow apparatus. Improved
      fluorescence detection has permitted the use of NADPH concentrations as low as 20
      nM. The kinetics of the binding of NADPH to the enzyme is consistent with a
      simple bimolecular binding mechanism and four equivalent sites on the enzyme
      (presumably two beta-ketoacyl reductase sites and two enoyl reductase sites). The
      bimolecular rate constant is 12.7 X 10(6) M-1 s-1, and the dissociation rate
      constant is 76.7 s-1, which gives an equilibrium dissociation constant of 6.0
      microM. The formation of the acetoacetyl-enzyme and its subsequent reduction by
      NADPH could be analyzed as two consecutive pseudo-first-order reactions by mixing
      enzyme-NADPH with acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA under conditions where [acetyl-CoA],
      [malonyl-CoA] much greater than [enzyme] much greater than [NADPH]. From the
      dependence of the rate of reduction of aceto-acetyl-enzyme by NADPH on enzyme
      concentration, an independent estimate of the equilibrium dissociation constant
      for NADPH binding to the enzyme of 5.9 microM is obtained, and the rate constant
      for the reduction is 17.5 s-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6362723
TI  - Evidence for intermediates during unfolding and refolding of a two-domain
      protein, phage T4 lysozyme: equilibrium and kinetic studies.
AB  - Equilibrium and kinetic studies of the unfolding-refolding of phage T4 lysozyme
      induced by guanidine hydrochloride are reported. Tryptophan fluorescence and
      circular dichroism (CD) were used as observables. Several results indicated the
      existence of intermediates in the unfolded-folded transition, including (1) the
      noncoincidence of the transition observed by fluorescence and CD, (2) the
      asymmetry of the transition recorded by CD, and (3) triphasic kinetics, followed
      by both observables, accounting for the forward and reverse processes. Our data
      were inconsistent with an independent unfolding or refolding of each domain. They
      indicated the existence of residual structured regions particularly resistant to
      denaturant, which involved one or more of the three tryptophans located in the C
      terminal domain. Kinetic analysis has made it possible to propose a minimum
      pathway corresponding to a sequential refolding, with dead-end species arising
      from an intermediate. We compared our data with the experimental results of
      Elwell and Schellman [Elwell, M., & Schellman, J.A. (1975) Biochim. Biophys. Acta
      386, 309-313] and the theoretical analysis of B. Maigret (unpublished results)
      and proposed that the C-terminal domain refolds first, after which the overall
      structure can be formed and stabilized.

PMID- 6362724
TI  - Photochemically induced nuclear polarization study of the accessibility of
      tyrosines in insulin.
AB  - The accessible tyrosines of bovine insulin were studied by the photochemically
      induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo-CIDNP) method. Tyrosine 1H nuclear
      polarization is observed in acidic, neutral, and basic solutions at all
      concentrations studied, in the absence of added salts as well as in the presence
      of 0.05-0.1 M chloride or phosphate. At pH 2.1 in the presence of chloride, at
      concentrations of 640 microM and above, most of the nuclear polarization at delta
      6.82 originates from one group of tyrosines. On the basis of the crystallographic
      model, these are assumed to be the A14 tyrosines. We explored the possibility of
      a genuine concentration dependence of the photo-CIDNP intensity of insulin due to
      aggregation. In order to discern between such effects and trivial kinetic effects
      traceable to the optical irradiation method, the effects of concentration changes
      on polarization were examined in three apparently nonassociating trypsin
      inhibitor proteins. In insulin, the intensity of Tyr-A 14 polarization changes
      slowly at concentrations above 1 mM, suggesting that these residues are similarly
      accessible in all association states. At insulin concentrations below 320 microM,
      additional tyrosine emission signals were observed. These signals are probably
      due to B16 and B26 tyrosines of monomers. Polarization transfer effects from Tyr
      A14 are evident in the tetramer and hexamer. Enhanced absorption effects in the
      two histidines (B5 and B10) of the insulin monomer were observed at pH 10 in the
      presence of 0.1 M phosphate.

PMID- 6362726
TI  - Lipidic intramembranous particles.

PMID- 6362725
TI  - Bromopyruvate as an active-site-directed inhibitor of the pyruvate dehydrogenase
      multienzyme complex from Escherichia coli.
AB  - Bromopyruvate behaves as an active-site-directed inhibitor of the pyruvate
      decarboxylase (E1) component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of Escherichia
      coli. It requires the cofactor thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) and acts initially as
      an inhibitor competitive with pyruvate (Ki ca. 90 microM) but then proceeds to
      react irreversibly with the enzyme, probably with the thiol group of a cysteine
      residue. E1 catalyzes the decomposition of bromopyruvate, the enzyme becoming
      inactivated once every 40-60 turnovers. Bromopyruvate also inactivates the intact
      pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in a TPP-dependent process, but the inhibition is
      more rapid and is mechanistically different. Under these conditions,
      bromopyruvate is decarboxylated, and the lipoic acid residues in the lipoate
      acetyltransferase (E2) component become reductively bromoacetylated. Further
      bromopyruvate then reacts with the new thiol groups thus generated in the lipoic
      acid residues, inactivating the complex. If reaction with the lipoic acid
      residues is prevented by prior treatment of the complex with N-ethylmaleimide in
      the presence of pyruvate, the mode of inhibition reverts to irreversible reaction
      with the E1 component. In both types of inhibition of E1, reaction of 1 mol of
      bromopyruvate/mol of E1 chain is required for complete inactivation, and all the
      evidence is consistent with reaction taking place at or near the pyruvate binding
      site.

PMID- 6362727
TI  - A cytoplasmic, cyclic nucleotide-independent casein kinase II from Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae.
AB  - Two molecular forms of casein kinase II (an ATP: protein phosphotransferase, EC
      2.7.1.37) from yeast were isolated and characterized. The first form was composed
      of three polypeptide subunits with molecular weights of 41000, 37000 and 24000.
      The second form contained two larger polypeptides and lacked an
      autophosphorylatable 24 kDa subunit. The properties of both enzyme forms were
      found to be practically the same in respect to the substrate and phosphate donor
      specificities, kinetics, their sensitivity to heparin, etc. The results obtained
      strongly indicate that isolated yeast casein kinase II does not necessarily
      require the smallest subunit for the enzyme activity.

PMID- 6362728
TI  - [Soluble and membrane-bound neutral alpha-glucosidase from the human kidney].
AB  - In human kidney cortex neutral alpha-glucosidases 1 and 2 are represented by two
      forms, soluble (cytosolic) and membrane-bound (brush border) ones. It has been
      shown that the soluble enzyme preexists in human kidney but does not derive from
      the membrane-bound form. Similar to the membrane-bound enzyme the soluble form is
      a glycoprotein. Both enzyme forms possess identical electrophoretic mobility, pH
      optimum, heat sensibility and Km values for maltose (0.7 mM) and 4
      methylumbelliferyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (0.57 mM), but differ by molecular
      weights as determined by gel filtration chromatography. The molecular weights of
      the soluble neutral alpha-glucosidases 1 and 2 are lower than those of the
      comparable brush border enzymes (470 000, 360 000, 520 000 and 440 000,
      correspondingly). Neutral membrane-bound alpha-glucosidase 1 is a sialylated
      enzyme with a pI of 4.10 +/- 0.02. The soluble enzyme contains no or only traces
      of neuraminic acid and has a pI 4.40 +/- 0.03. The soluble and membrane-bound
      neutral alpha-glucosidases are apparently independent forms of the enzyme,
      differing by the degree of sialylation and by the presence of an "anchor" in the
      membrane-bound enzyme. The synthesis of both forms is presumably coded by the
      same structural gene.

PMID- 6362729
TI  - Electroencephalogram and treatment of hospitalized aggressive children with
      haloperidol or lithium.
AB  - Electroencephalograms (EEGs) of 48 children ages 5.2 to 12.9 years were examined
      on baseline placebo and on optimal dosages of haloperidol, lithium, or placebo.
      These children represent a subgroup of 61 hospitalized aggressive and explosive
      patients diagnosed as Conduct Disorder, undersocialized, aggressive who completed
      a double-blind study comparing the efficacy of haloperidol, lithium, and placebo.
      EEGs were correlated across treatment groups with behavioral ratings, ratings of
      untoward effects, and optimal dosages of medication. During the baseline placebo
      period 58.3% of the children had abnormal EEGs. Children receiving haloperidol or
      lithium had a significant probability that their EEGs on optimal dose would
      worsen, and would be more likely to show paroxysmal or focal abnormalities than
      those children treated with placebo. It was possible to identify children treated
      with haloperidol, lithium, or placebo on the basis of EEG alone. Thus, despite
      limitations, visual evaluation of EEGs is of value. No statements can be made
      with confidence regarding associations between baseline EEGs and behavioral
      changes, side effects, or optimal dosages of haloperidol or lithium.

PMID- 6362730
TI  - Electrostatic free energy of lysozyme.
AB  - The electrostatic free energies of native and acetylated lysozymes were computed
      by the fixed charge model (Tanford, C., and J. G. Kirkwood, 1957, J. Am. Chem.
      Soc., 79:5333-5339). For each computation, the charges were transformed into a
      sphere of fixed radius without changing their depths or the distance between
      charges. The depths of charges were assumed proportional to one minus
      accessibility. When the conversion factor was set to 1.62 A, the computed
      titration curve fitted best to the experimental data. The calculated
      electrostatic free energies for native and acetylated lysozymes were consistent
      with our earlier finding that acetylated lysozyme is less stable than native
      around neutral pH (Imoto, T., K. Fukuda, and K. Yagishita, 1976, J. Biochem.
      [Tokyo], 80:1313-1318; Imoto, T., S. Moriyama, and K. Yagishita, 1976, J.
      Biochem. [Tokyo], 80:1319-1325). The contribution of each charge to the
      stabilization of the protein and the apparent pK's of ionizable groups were
      computed by this method.

PMID- 6362731
TI  - Nonspecific binding of lac repressor to DNA. I. An absorption and circular
      dichroism study.
AB  - Nonspecific binding of lac repressor on DNA has been studied by absorption and
      circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies. In a first step, the complex formation is
      accompanied by an absorption difference spectrum and a change of the CD signal of
      the DNA. The absorption difference spectrum is mainly due to a spectral change of
      the DNA. The variation of the CD signal has been analyzed according to a model
      calculation, which takes into account the fact that the excluded site is shorter
      than the perturbed site. We found that in this first step one repressor can bind
      every 14 +/- 2 base-pairs, whereas one repressor perturbs 22 +/- 2 base-pairs. In
      a second step, more repressor can bind on DNA, but without further change in the
      absorption and CD spectrum, indicating that another binding process occurs. The
      model calculation developed here is general for all binding processes inducing a
      perturbation over a length of DNA longer than that of the excluded site.

PMID- 6362732
TI  - Nonspecific binding of lac repressor to DNA. II. A small-angle neutron-scattering
      study.
AB  - Complexes between lac repressor and DNA fragments from mononucleosomes have been
      studied by small-angle neutron scattering. Both the radius of gyration and the
      molecular weight of the complexes were measured, and the experimental results
      were interpreted according to a model with two types of complex (M. Charlier and
      J.-C. Maurizot, Biophys. Chem. 18 (1983) 303), and a statistical distribution of
      repressor on the DNA fragments. Good agreement between the model calculations and
      the experimental results was obtained. We concluded that there was an absence of
      strong cooperativity and of network formation between the complexes. The second
      type of binding, which does not induce any spectroscopic change, is marked by an
      increase in molecular weight of the complexes. Kinetic measurements were also
      made, which allowed the determination of the lifetime of the nonspecific DNA
      repressor complexes.

PMID- 6362733
TI  - Free energy dissipation of the pyruvate kinase reaction has a minimum at cell
      metabolite concentrations.
AB  - The ratio of substrates and products (mass action ratio) for the reaction
      catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate kinase is measured under the constraint of
      constant reaction rate for pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) from brewers yeast and
      Escherichia coli. For both organisms, a maximum of the ratio is found at
      concentrations comparable to those obtained from cell metabolite measurements.
      This observation suggests an optimum principle for free energy transduction in
      the glycolytic reaction pathway, as a maximum of the mass action ratio
      corresponds to a minimum dissipation of free energy.

PMID- 6362734
TI  - Determination of total body water by deuterium isotope dilution measurements
      using chemical ionization mass spectrometry.
AB  - Two chemical ionization mass spectrometric methods were developed for direct
      determination of deuterium in water in the range of 0.0-0.6% 2H2O. One of them
      utilizes the batch inlet system, methane as the reagent gas, and the peak
      matching device of a magnetic sector mass spectrometer. The second one utilizes
      the directly-coupled gas chromatograph of a quadrupole mass spectrometer and
      computer control for ion selection and data processing. In this method the water
      itself serves as the reagent gas. The deuterium concentration is calculated from
      the ratio of ion intensities at m/z 20 (2HH2O+) and m/z 19 (H3O+). We have used
      these methods to determine total body water in 350 human subjects, which entailed
      making 900 measurements over a period of four years. Comparisons were made in 200
      subjects of our results with those obtained by the creatinine method. No
      significant differences were found.

PMID- 6362735
TI  - The human gene map: a review.
AB  - Genes are mapped to human chromosomes using many different methods: by somatic
      cell hybridization (by far the most fruitful method until now), by taking
      advantage of gene dosage effect in cases of chromosomal imbalance, and more
      recently by molecular hybridization which consists of techniques with great
      potential values. Some 350 autosomal loci have been assigned. They include
      genetic markers (blood groups), gene clusters such as the Ig, Hb, HLA genes,
      enzymatic markers, hereditary diseases (the morbid anatomy of the genome), and
      the recently discovered "micro-deletions" responsible, for instance, of certain
      types of childhood malignancies. The X- and Y-linked genes are also discussed.

PMID- 6362736
TI  - Immune complexes and human neoplasia.
AB  - The vast data pertaining to circulating immune complexes (CIC) detection and
      their possible clinical significance in human neoplasia have been reviewed. The
      clinical relevance of CIC occurrence in cancer patients' sera provide important
      non-diagnostic information on staging, evaluation of prognosis, detection of
      early recurrence, and quantitation of tumor response to treatment. A variable
      prevalence of CIC in cancer patients is now well established. The several reasons
      which made no available test entirely satisfactory for clinical use, have been
      discussed indicating the importance of molecular size and composition
      heterogeneity of CIC detected in cancer patients. Although the evaluation of CIC
      by current assays represents the antithesis of pre-diagnostic patients
      management, there are solid reports to suggest its possible clinical application.
      Those studies noting the relevance of CIC fluctuation to the evaluation of
      prognosis, monitoring of therapy and assessment of tumor burden were best
      attained when an effort to quantitate residual disease was undertaken. In
      addition, attempts to remove CIC from cancer patients circulation by plasma
      exchange alone or with extracorporeal immunoadsorption have resulted in a better
      understanding of a frequently observed immunomodulation. This modality provided a
      challenging and provocative new approach to cancer therapy which deserved prompt
      corroboration.

PMID- 6362737
TI  - Photoacoustic spectroscopy and its use in biology. Review.

PMID- 6362738
TI  - Compartmentalization of neuronal cytoskeletal proteins. Review.

PMID- 6362739
TI  - A new classification of heritable human enamel defects and a discussion of dentin
      defects.
AB  - rude paradigms for both nonsyndromic human heritable primary enamel defects and
      heritable primary dentin defects have been presented. Since such classifications
      are merely attempts to identify biologic patterns, their accuracy only can be
      determined mathematically, and thus must wait for pertinent quantifiable data.

PMID- 6362740
TI  - Genetic heterogeneity: implications and methods of detection.
AB  - Genetic heterogeneity is highly pervasive in genetic disorders. The need to
      identify its existence is reflected in the potentially different treatments,
      prognoses, and recurrence risks associated with each disease entity. Of the 3
      major approaches to its detection, biochemical methods are better than pedigree,
      and pedigree methods are better than clinical in their ability to pinpoint the
      underlying defect, but each plays an important role in the discovery process.
      With the advent of several new highly specific biochemical techniques, the next
      decade promises to show major advances in this area of genetics.

PMID- 6362741
TI  - Evolution and development of the dentition.
AB  - The genetic code that produces human teeth began to develop in primitive
      vertebrates around 500 million years ago. Some parts of the information appear to
      have been very stable, particularly the mineralized matrices, while others have
      evolved. The development of tooth shape and tooth number are very rigidly
      controlled by genes in each species and are responsive to relatively rapid
      genetic selection by the environment, as are bone shape and associated soft
      tissues. Their developmental independence is reflected in the ability of the
      embryonic tooth bud to develop in vitro. Part of the genetic control of tooth
      size and shape is correlated with the genetic control of size and shape of the
      jaws, but the jaws are more responsive to environmental variables modifying
      individual development than are the teeth. There are recognized mutations
      producing changes in teeth which act at all levels of control, the development of
      the embryonic bud, the morphogenesis of the bell stage, the production of enamel
      and dentin and the formation of the roots. The mechanisms of this genetic control
      are at the molecular and submolecular levels which are just beginning to be
      examined. Tooth germs are a good system for study of these processes, and changes
      in our knowledge will lead to increased understanding of the variation of teeth
      and its relation to the structure of other tissues both normal and abnormal.

PMID- 6362742
TI  - The physiology of tooth eruption.
AB  - Tooth eruption is a complex phenomenon that involves numerous biologic activities
      of the bone and the soft tissue surrounding teeth. While the exact mechanisms of
      eruption are not clearly understood, numerous experiments of nature, including
      many of the inborn errors of metabolism, should prove useful in their study.
      Nutritional studies may also prove useful, but will always be problematic [56].
      Studies on endocrinologic changes such as puberty, pregnancy, menopause, and
      diseases such as diabetes, have already shown that the periodontium may not be
      able to accommodate to changes in the body's equilibrium [51].

PMID- 6362743
TI  - Etiology of malocclusion.

PMID- 6362744
TI  - Classification and genetics of numeric anomalies of dentition.
AB  - A suggested classification of numeric anomalies of teeth is a trimodal
      classification: anodontia, hypodontia, and hyperdontia. A subclassification into
      nonsyndromic and syndromic cases would allow for uniform analysis. The limited
      data on anodontia and hyperdontia have made the genetic analysis of these
      anomalies difficult. The most suitable data for analysis on the genetics of
      numeric anomalies of dentition are on hypodontia. A reevaluation of this data, as
      presented in this report, suggests hypodontia follows an autosomal dominant mode
      of inheritance. However, the fact that penetrance is not complete suggests the
      presence of a mechanism whereby epistatic genes interfere with the phenotypic
      expression of the hypodontia gene. How this occurs is uncertain, but the
      available evidence suggests a major single gene defect, which is modified by
      genetic or environmental factors.

PMID- 6362745
TI  - [Hyperinsulinemia in obesity: significance of adipose tissue cell size].
AB  - Adipose tissue biopsy and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (50 g) were
      performed in 17 non-hyperlipoproteinemic subjects without overt diabetes
      mellitus. All the persons were weight stable at the time of investigation. A
      significant correlation between fasting insulin concentration and the mean
      adipocyte size was observed, whereas no correlation was noted between the ideal
      body weight index and fasting insulin level. Persons with larger adipocytes had
      elevated insulin levels as well as higher and longer lasting increments following
      the glucose challenge. They also exhibited significantly higher mean glucose
      levels during the OGTT. When these patients were matched for glucose tolerance
      with the subgroup having smaller mean adipocyte sizes, the difference in insulin
      levels was still demonstrable. The importance of adipose cell enlargement
      regulating basal and stimulated insulin output is underlined.

PMID- 6362746
TI  - [Biochemical basis for the spasmolytic effect of isoquinoline and phenothiazine
      derivatives].
AB  - Experiments with isolated ring-like strips of pig heart veins and arteries and
      those with rat small intestinal strips made in the presence of hyperpotassium
      contracture have demonstrated that spasmolytic activity of papaverine, nospa,
      nonachlazine, and ethmozine is a consequence of the reduced respiratory intensity
      and phosphorylation in smooth muscle mitochondria. No changes in the anaerobic
      glycolysis rate have been found after drug administrations.

PMID- 6362747
TI  - [Extraction of plasma membranes from smooth muscle cells of the rabbit small
      intestine].
AB  - A method is offered for isolation of subcellular fractions from small intestinal
      smooth muscle cells enriched by plasma membranes (PM). The method is based on
      differential centrifugation over sucrose density gradient. According to the
      localization of marker enzymes, the membrane fraction obtained with the use of
      30% sucrose is considered to be optimal. The PM fraction is superior to the
      homogenate 10-fold on the average in the magnitude of Na, K-ATPase, 17-fold in
      Mg2+-ATPase, and 15-fold in that of 5'-nucleotidase activity. ATPase of PM is
      activated by Ca2+ in micro- and millimolar concentrations. It is suggested that
      Mg2+-dependent Ca-activated ATPase of PM is related to the Ca2+ content control
      in the cell.

PMID- 6362748
TI  - [Immunocompetent cells in the beds of full-thickness skin allografts transplanted
      at various times of the day].
AB  - The number of lymphocytes, immunoblasts, plasmoblasts and plasmocytes was counted
      in the tissues of the couch of the skin grafts transplanted at 8 a. m., 4 and 24
      p. m. Sixty-six, 76 and 86 hours after operation the differences were significant
      in the number of lymphocytes and plasmocytes, whereas after 136, 146 and 156
      hours in the quantity of all cells under study. This indicates the influence of
      the circadian phase of the body on the course and intensity of cell and tissue
      reactions seen during graft rejection. A preliminary conclusion is drawn that 8
      a. m. is a less favourable time for performing skin allotransplantation in mice,
      whereas 4 p. m. is a more favorable time.

PMID- 6362749
TI  - Establishment of a new peroxidase-positive human myeloid cell line, PL-21.
AB  - A myeloid cell line, designated PL-21, was established from the peripheral blood
      of a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia. The PL-21 cell line grew in
      single-cell suspension, with a doubling time of 48-64 hr, and consisted of
      promyelocytes with fine immature nuclei and prominent azurophilic granules in the
      cytoplasm. PL-21 cells were positive for peroxidase, naphthol AS-D chloroacetate
      esterase, and Sudan Black B staining. Under the usual culture conditions, a small
      proportion of these cells differentiated into mature granulocytes, and this
      differentiation was enhanced by the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide in the culture
      medium. PL-21 cells had receptors for the Fc portion of IgG and complement,
      intracytoplasmic lysozyme and phagocytic activity, but lacked Epstein-Barr virus
      associated nuclear antigen. Chromosome analysis of this cell line revealed a
      human male polyploid karyotype with 13q+ and double minute chromosomes. This new
      myeloid cell line may provide useful material for the study of proliferation and
      differentiation of human leukemia cells.

PMID- 6362750
TI  - Therapy of severe aplastic anemia with anti-human thymocyte globulin and
      androgens: the effect of HLA-haploidentical marrow infusion.
AB  - Fifty-four patients with severe aplastic anemia were treated with horse anti
      human thymocyte globulin (ATG) and androgens. Thirty of these patients also
      received an infusion of HLA-haploidentical marrow cells. Only those patients
      having evidence of hematologic recovery within 3 mo after ATG therapy were
      considered responders to the immunosuppressive regimen. Of 53 patients evaluable
      for response, 21 had complete or partial responses and 7 had minimal improvement
      by defined criteria. The remaining patients did not respond or died. Factors
      correlated with response to therapy included a short duration of aplasia and a
      high admission granulocyte count. Thirty-six patients (66.7%) are surviving
      between 18 and 43 mo, and 18 have died. Deaths were due to hemorrhage and/or
      infection. Short duration of aplasia and high granulocyte counts also correlated
      with survival, as did younger age. Four patients with complete or partial
      responses had a recurrence of severe aplasia 6-17 mo after their first course of
      ATG. Three of these patients were retreated with ATG (and oxymetholone in two
      cases). All three had second responses to therapy, but two of the three have had
      second relapses. The fourth patient responded to oxymetholone alone, but died
      after a second relapse. Mismatched marrow infusion had no effect on the incidence
      of response or survival.

PMID- 6362751
TI  - Immunoaffinity purification of bovine factor VII.
AB  - Factor VII has been purified to homogeneity from bovine plasma by a procedure
      that includes affinity purification on an immunoadsorbent column. Recovery was
      determined by both coagulant assay and liquid scintillation counting, using 3H
      factor VII as an internal standard. The purification factor calculated by both
      methods was approximately 120,000-fold, with a final yield of approximately 18%.
      Homogeneity was assessed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. The material migrated as a single polypeptide chain of 53,000
      daltons, and following activation by factor Xa, the one-chain zymogen was
      quantitatively converted to two-chain factor VIIa. Conversion of affinity
      purified factor VII to factor VIIa resulted in up to a 119-fold activation of the
      coagulant activity, which is 2.7-4 times greater than the activatability reported
      for factor VII prepared by other methods. Zur et al. calculated that pure factor
      VII, uncontaminated by traces of factor VIIa, would be activated 123-fold upon
      conversion to factor VIIa. The close agreement between observed activatability of
      affinity-purified factor VII and the theoretical prediction suggests that we have
      isolated factor VII essentially free of factor VIIa. The purification data from
      three lots of bovine plasma yield an estimate for the plasma concentration of
      factor VII from 10.1 nM to 18.5 nM.

PMID- 6362752
TI  - Polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase activity is increased by bacterial
      lipopolysaccharide: a response inhibited by glucocorticoids.
AB  - Human neutrophil elastase is thought to play an important role in connective
      tissue destruction in diseases such as emphysema and arthritis. In this article,
      it is demonstrated that the elastase activity of mature human peripheral blood
      neutrophils can be rapidly increased in vitro by treatment of the cells with
      lipopolysaccharide from E. coli and that this increase is inhibited by
      corticosteroid pretreatment of the cells and by inhibitors of protein synthesis.
      Alterations in intracellular enzyme content of the mature polymorph in response
      to bacterial products or other stimuli may be important for amplification of the
      inflammatory response.

PMID- 6362753
TI  - Beta-2-microglobulin in myeloma: optimal use for staging, prognosis, and
      treatment--a prospective study of 160 patients.
AB  - Previous reports have shown that serum beta-2-microglobulin (S beta2M) is a
      reliable marker of presenting tumor mass, response to chemotherapy, and prognosis
      of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). In order to more thoroughly evaluate the
      optimal use of S beta2M in plasma cell dyscrasias (PCD), S beta2M levels were
      serially measured in 160 patients with MM, in comparison with 37 normal controls
      (NC) and 28 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
      (MGUS). In MGUS, S beta2M did not differ significantly from that of NC, but was
      significantly lower than that of MM (p less than 0.001), including low cell mass
      MM (p less than 0.02). In MM, S beta 2M was highly correlated with the total body
      burden of myeloma cells as derived from the staging of Durie and Salmon, both at
      diagnosis and in remission (residual tumor mass) (p less than 0.001). During the
      plateau phase, S beta 2M remained very stable and was always within the normal
      range for patients with greater than or equal to 75% tumor regression. The most
      striking finding was that S beta 2M gave an extremely reliable fit for survival
      prediction at (1) diagnosis, (2) remission, and (3) early relapse, with higher S
      beta 2M levels in each instance being in favor of poorer prognosis. We conclude
      that S beta 2M is an extremely useful marker in initial stratification and follow
      up of patients with MM.

PMID- 6362754
TI  - Physical, chemical and functional changes following platelet activation in normal
      and "giant" platelets.
AB  - Unactivated discocytes in healthy human donors have mean volumes of approximately
      6.0 microns3 (range 3.8-7.5 microns3), while mean values for similarly-shaped
      discocytes obtained from donors with the hereditary "giant" platelet syndromes
      were either normal (one Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) and all five members of a
      family with the Montreal platelet syndrome (MPS) or, on average, up to twice
      normal (range 6.4-13.8 microns3). This apparent heterogeneity is complicated by
      the much more consistent and significant observation that both BSS and MPS
      platelets undergo a defective hypervolumetric shape change following activation
      which is prolonged indefinitely, in contrast to a transient hypervolumetric
      change measureable in 1-5 s following ADP addition to normal platelets. It is
      suggested that the hypervolumetric shape change in both normal and "giant"
      platelets is accompanied by an increase in externalized plasma membrane surface
      area, with the most probable source being surface-connected canalicular system.
      Membrane glycoprotein I abnormalities were not detectable in platelets for 2/3
      sibling MPS donors. The precise relation of these membrane changes to altered
      platelet functions is compared for normal and "giant" platelets, but largely
      remains to be experimentally determined. Early shape change appears tightly
      associated with early microscopically-measured aggregation (PA), with both PA and
      turbidimetrically-measured macroaggregation generally appearing normal to
      elevated for "giant" platelets.

PMID- 6362755
TI  - [Relaxin in ovarian follicles].
AB  - Since the first observations of HISAW, the knowledge on the chemistry and the
      biological properties of relaxin improved in an important way. It is now well
      known that relaxin is a peptide hormone, strictly related to insulin. The
      extraction and purification of porcine relaxin and the application of radio
      immunological and immuno-histochemical methods have provided a lot of data
      concerning the activity and the sites of production of the hormone. Recently
      human relaxin was synthesized. Besides the well known effects on the pubic
      symphysis and the uterus further actions were detected in the ovary, in the
      mammary gland, in the seminal plasma etc... Relaxin is produced not only by the
      corpus luteum, as at first believed, but also by decidua, endometrial glands and,
      in the male, by the prostatic gland. Some findings suggest a possible production
      by follicular cells too. In fact, relaxin was detected in the follicular fluid
      and the production of the hormone by porcine granulosa cells was demonstrated in
      vitro. Our immuno-histochemical research has shown the presence of relaxin-like
      substances in the granulosa cells of cavitary follicles of the human and porcine
      ovary.

PMID- 6362756
TI  - [Immunofluorescence study of various constituents of the eyelids in rats before,
      during and after their closure].
AB  - We have brought the evidence for the presence of type I and III collagens and
      laminin in cultures of eyelid buds removed just before the onset of their
      junction. The patterns of distribution of laminin (localized in all basement
      membranes) and of the type III collagen remain constant during all the culture.
      Type I collagen is distributed homogeneously in the mesenchyma like type III
      collagen after the twelfth hour of culture. The rapid stabilization of these
      three distributions would be associated with the persistence of an epithelial
      seam limited by intact basement membranes between mesenchymal eyelids from the
      stage of junction to the later stage of disjunction of the eyelids.

PMID- 6362758
TI  - [Sketch of Prof. Guillaume Valette, foreign Honorary Member].

PMID- 6362757
TI  - A simple method for the determination of bacterial resistance to metals.

PMID- 6362759
TI  - Expanding the parameters of psychological testing.

PMID- 6362761
TI  - Peri-alar skin excision and lip advancement in the closure of lip defects.
AB  - An upper lip reconstructive technique using advancement of the lateral part of
      the upper lip with excision of peri-alar skin has been resurrected and modified.
      It is useful when partial-thickness lip tissue is required in the nostril area
      and it replaces like tissue with like.

PMID- 6362760
TI  - Successful prophylaxis with tinidazole of infection after major head and neck
      surgery for malignant disease.
AB  - A prospective double-blind trial of tinidazole was carried out in a group of 8
      patients, each undergoing radical surgery for the removal of a large squamous
      cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oropharynx. In the 4 patients given tinidazole there
      was no wound infection, wound healing was more rapid and the foul odour
      associated with infection in such patients was eliminated. Post-operatively, 3 of
      the 4 patients given the placebo developed wound infections. Mixed cultures of
      gram-negative anaerobic bacilli, predominantly bacteroides, were grown from the
      upper drain fluids of the infected patients. Anaerobes were not isolated from the
      drain fluids of patients receiving tinidazole. The efficacy of tinidazole was
      demonstrated in these patients who are at high risk of acquiring infection
      because of the extensive surgery required for tumour removal and the inevitable
      contamination of the tissues with the diverse, resident oral flora.

PMID- 6362762
TI  - Use of large composite grafts in the reconstruction of deformities of the nose
      and ear.
AB  - The authors present six cases of nose reconstruction and four ear repairs using
      large composite grafts. The post-auricular area is the best donor site. Very
      large composite grafts can be taken and in one patient a composite graft of 30 sq
      cm was successfully transferred. The surgical technique should be as atraumatic
      as possible in order to preserve intact the transplanted vascular tissue in the
      graft and in the recipient bed. An important feature of this surgical manoeuvre
      is the modified post-operative dressing technique that is described in detail.

PMID- 6362763
TI  - Burn injury to the face with associated fracture caused by a flare gun: a case
      report.
AB  - A case is presented of a child who sustained a full-thickness burn to the
      glabella and nose area, associated with an underlying fracture and cerebrospinal
      fluid leakage. This first reported case of a flare gun injury illustrates some
      important principles of facial management and soft tissue cover, in both the
      acute and the reconstructive phases.

PMID- 6362764
TI  - Cancer and the mind. Maudsley Bequest Lecture delivered before the Royal College
      of Psychiatrists, February 1983.

PMID- 6362765
TI  - The withdrawal of benztropine mesylate in chronic schizophrenic patients.
AB  - In this double-blind, four-week study, 28 chronic schizophrenic patients
      receiving neuroleptic medication plus the antiparkinsonian drug, benztropine
      mesylate, were either switched to placebo or maintained on benztropine. Patients
      withdrawn from benztropine reliably increased their overall scores on the
      Wechsler Memory Scale in comparison with the drug group. Sub-test scores suggest
      that deficits in attention and concentration were induced by treatment with
      benztropine. Psychotic decompensation appeared to develop simultaneously with
      extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) in some patients, but only 14.2 per cent of the
      placebo group experienced extrapyramidal symptoms severe enough to require
      resumption of benztropine therapy. It is suggested that antiparkinsonian agents
      should be prescribed only if and when EPS occur.

PMID- 6362766
TI  - The value of digital subtraction angiography in peripheral vascular diseases.
AB  - The iliac and subclavian arteries and their distal branches were studied by
      digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in 79 patients and the results compared
      with conventional angiograms for 35 patients. Techniques, results, advantages and
      disadvantages are described. DSA (both intravenous and intra-arterial) looks very
      promising in the diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease.

PMID- 6362767
TI  - Histological sampling with a 23 gauge modified Menghini needle.
AB  - A 23 gauge modified Menghini (Surecut) needle biopsy technique for obtaining
      tissue core biopsies was compared with the conventional fine needle aspiration
      biopsy technique in the diagnosis of ultrasonically detected abdominal mass
      lesions. In 30 consecutive cases (19 malignant and 11 benign), adequate material
      for histological examination was obtained in 87% and for cytological examination
      in 97%. The diagnostic accuracy with respect to malignancy was 84% for histology
      and 89% for cytology. The predictive value of malignancy was 100% in both. The
      histological material provided additional information in four cases of
      malignancy, concerning the type and origin of the tumours, and in nine cases of
      benign lesions, indicating the type of lesion that appeared as a tumourlike mass
      in the ultrasound study. The Surecut needle biopsy has been found valuable in
      obtaining histological material from abdominal mass lesions and may supplement or
      even replace the fine needle aspiration biopsy in such lesions.

PMID- 6362768
TI  - Arteriovenous fistula following renal transplant biopsy.

PMID- 6362769
TI  - Muramyl dipeptide increases tolerance to shock and bacterial challenge in mice.
AB  - We measured the phagocytic capacity of the reticulo-endothelial system by assay
      of the clearance of colloidal carbon from the blood stream in both normal mice
      and mice in which shock had been induced by intraperitoneal injection of
      hypertonic glucose. The group of shocked mice was further subdivided into those
      pretreated with the immunoadjuvant, muramyl dipeptide (MDP), and those given
      placebo. Shock reduced reticulo-endothelial phagocytosis (P less than 0.01),
      whereas pretreatment of shocked mice with MDP led to a hyperphagocytic state (P
      less than 0.01). In a second series of experiments we subjected shocked mice,
      pretreated with MDP or placebo, to a virulent Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.
      MDP significantly improved survival (P less than 0.01).

PMID- 6362770
TI  - Pneumaturia following cadaveric renal transplantation.

PMID- 6362771
TI  - Dopamine and depression: a review of recent evidence. II. Theoretical approaches.
AB  - This paper discusses 3 behavioural approaches to depression, 'learned
      helplessness', reward system dysfunction and reduced responsiveness to the
      environment, and the role of dopamine (DA) in their related animal models. The
      meso-limbic and nigrostriatal DA system appears to be related primarily to
      responsiveness to the environment. This conclusion is discussed in relation to
      the clinical symptomatology of depression.

PMID- 6362772
TI  - Functional anatomy of the tectum mesencephali of the goldfish. An explorative
      analysis of the functional implications of the laminar structural organization of
      the tectum.
AB  - The present paper is aimed at an exploration of the possible functional
      significance of the laminar organization of the goldfish tectum at both the
      cellular and the synaptic level. For this purpose (1) the data concerning the
      structure of the teleostean tectum are surveyed, (2) a conceptual framework of
      the intratectal connectivity in the goldfish is proposed, (3) the
      electrophysiological data concerning the teleosteam tectum are surveyed and (4)
      the degree of correlation between the structural and physiological data available
      is discussed. Apart from the retina, tectal afferents originate from at least 10
      other brain centers. At least 5 of these projections appear to be topographically
      organized. Tectal afferents, neurons as well as synapses reveal a characteristic
      intratectal lamination pattern. Tectal efferents project to at least 10 brain
      centers, and have until now been shown to arise from 6 cell types. The structural
      data surveyed allow the construction of a conceptual framework of tectal
      circuitry on the basis of 3 starting points. (1) The existence of at least 8
      presynaptic zones or laminae, each containing a characteristic set of presynaptic
      structures (afferents and axons of interneurons). (2) The fact that the tectal
      postsynaptic structures (somata and dendrites of tectal neurons) each have a
      characteristic location, extension and synaptic density, which determines the
      relative importance of the different presynaptic zones for each cell type. (3)
      The laminar specificity hypothesis, which implies that presynaptic structures
      that coexist in a particular presynaptic zone terminate without preference on all
      types of postsynaptic structures within that zone. The conceptual framework of
      tectal circuitry is quantified in terms of connectivity index and connective
      importance. Analysis of the framework constructed leads to a detailed description
      of the intratectal pathways involved in the processing of the 4 main streams of
      tectal input (i.e. visual, toral, telencephalic and 'deep' input). It was
      concluded that the laminar organization of the tectum is primarily relevant for
      multimodal integration and that the tectal cell types each receive a
      characteristic sample out of the multimodal information available in the
      different tectal layers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6362773
TI  - The effects of naloxone and interstimulation interval on post-ictal depression in
      kindled seizures.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of naloxone
      hydrochloride on seizure thresholds seizure afterdischarges (thresholds and
      durations) and on post-ictal depression. Experiment 1 examined the effects of
      naloxone dosage and interstimulation interval (ISI) on kindled seizures. Eight
      male hooded rats were exposed to a factorial combination of two ISIs (30 and 60
      s) and 3 naloxone doses (2, 10 mg/kg and a saline control) during a threshold
      testing procedure. Naloxone was found to significantly shorten motor seizure
      duration and post-ictal depression. Experiment 2 examined the effects of naloxone
      on a subsequent suprathreshold-stimulation-induced seizure following an initial
      suprathreshold stimulation. A factorial combination of 3 naloxone doses (2, 5 and
      10 mg/kg) and a saline control and two ISIs (2 and 6 min) separating the two
      stimulations was employed. While no main effects for either naloxone or ISI were
      found in the subsequent seizure activity, there was a significant interaction
      between naloxone and ISI for the subsequent motor seizure duration. It was
      concluded from the results of the present experiments that the direction and
      consistency of naloxone's effects on kindled seizures were present but not very
      strong. However, the effects of ISI on seizure activity were found to be
      consistent with the previous literature.

PMID- 6362774
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to the rat olfactory sustentacular cell.
AB  - Immunization of BALB/c mice with rat olfactory epithelium permitted the
      production of a number of monoclonal antibodies directed towards cell types
      within the tissue. One of these antibodies, designated SUS-1, reacts specifically
      with cells located at the luminal surface of the olfactory neuroepithelium which
      possess a characteristic wine-glass body and a basal process which projects to
      the basement membrane. Thus these cells have the topographical and morphological
      properties of olfactory sustentacular cells. The SUS-1-positive cells are not
      stained by an antibody to the olfactory marker protein and neither does the SUS-1
      antibody react with mature olfactory neurons in double labeling experiments. Upon
      unilateral olfactory bulbectomy there is a marked reduction in olfactory marker
      protein positive cells while there is no apparent diminution in the labeling of
      SUS-1 cells. These data show conclusively that the mature olfactory neurons and
      the SUS-1-positive cells are distinct from one another. SUS-1 staining is absent
      in all tissues examined except the olfactory epithelium. However, small discrete
      groups of cells in the lamina propria mucosae (often referred to as the
      submucosa) do stain in addition to the luminal sustentacular cell layer. The
      possibility is considered that the mature sustentacular cells may be related to
      these latter cells.

PMID- 6362775
TI  - The fine structure of the caudal periaqueductal gray of the cat: morphology and
      synaptic organization of normal and immunoreactive enkephalin-labeled profiles.
AB  - Although the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) is thought to have a major role
      in an endorphin-mediated analgesia system, little is known about its
      neuroanatomical organization. To determine the microcircuitry within the PAG
      through which exogenous and endogenous opiates may act, we analyzed the synaptic
      organization of normal and immunoreactive enkephalin (ENK)-labeled profiles in
      the caudal PAG, a region of particular interest because of its effectiveness in
      generating analgesia. Examination of the normal fine structure of this region
      demonstrated that there is no characteristic synaptic morphology that
      distinguishes individual regions of the caudal PAG (ventromedial, ventrolateral
      and dorsolateral) from one another. In all 3 regions of the caudal PAG,
      axodendritic synapses are the predominant form of synaptic interaction making up
      93-97% of all synapses counted. Axosomatic synapses are much less common, as are
      presumed axoaxonic and dendrodendritic synapses. In the caudal ventral PAG, the
      largest population of ENK-labeled axonal boutons are found presynaptic to
      unlabeled, centrally placed dendrites. Much less frequently, immunoreactive ENK
      containing boutons are found presynaptic to neuronal perikarya or vesicle
      containing profiles. Thus, these results suggest that the dendrites of neurons
      intrinsic to the PAG are the most probable site of opiate action in the caudal
      ventral PAG.

PMID- 6362776
TI  - Cultured human and rat oligodendrocytes and rat Schwann cells do not have immune
      response gene associated antigen (Ia) on their surface.
AB  - In order to determine if oligodendrocytes or Schwann cells had surface immune
      response gene associated antigen (Ia), we studied the binding of: (a) mouse
      monoclonal antibodies to rat Ia, to cultures of rat oligodendrocytes and Schwann
      cells; and, (b) mouse monoclonal antibodies to human Ia, to cultures of human
      oligodendrocytes employing radioimmunoassay and indirect immunofluorescence.
      Cells were identified using phenotypic markers; rabbit anti-galactocerebroside
      (GalC) for oligodendrocytes; rabbit anti-GalC and rabbit anti-Schwann cell for
      Schwann cells; rabbit anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein for astrocytes; rabbit
      anti-fibronectin for fibro-blasts and leptomeningeal cells, and the capacity to
      ingest latex particles for macrophage-microglia. Ia could not be detected on the
      surface of oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, astrocytes, fibroblasts, or
      leptomeningeal cells. A small number of latex ingesting cells bound anti-Ia even
      after blocking of surface Fc receptors.

PMID- 6362777
TI  - Persistence of cholinergic neurons in the basal nucleus in a brain with senile
      dementia of the Alzheimer's type demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining for
      choline acetyltransferase.
AB  - Immunohistochemically identified cholinergic neurons in the basal nucleus of
      Meynert in a brain with SDAT have been compared with those in two age- and sex
      matched normal brains. The numbers of such cells at carefully matched levels are
      not significantly lower, but the cells in SDAT are substantially smaller than in
      the normal basal nucleus. The persistence of shrunken cholinergic neurons in the
      basal nucleus in the diseased brain is similar to that seen in an experimental
      study of retrograde cellular degeneration in the nucleus following damage of the
      cortex.

PMID- 6362778
TI  - The distribution and morphological characteristics of the intracortical VIP
      positive cell: an immunohistochemical analysis.
AB  - Using a sensitive immunohistochemical procedure, we have undertaken a detailed
      morphological characterization of the vasoactive intestinal peptide-positive (VIP
      positive) neuron in the cerebral cortex of the rat. VIP-positive neurons are
      present in all regions of cortex, and are usually strongly bipolar, possessing
      long, radially directed processes with very limited branching in the tangential
      plane. The most extensive dendritic branching occurs in layers I and deep IV
      superficial V, and the density of axonal varicosities is highest in layers II-IV.
      In the visual cortex, approximately 50% of the labeled cell bodies are in layer
      II and III and 80% of the labeled cell bodies are contained in layers I-IV
      (superficial 600 microns of cortex). In order to determine the density and 3
      dimensional distribution pattern of these cells, we prepared serial tangential
      sections through the rat visual cortex, mapped the distribution of all labeled
      cells in each section on transparent acetate sheets, and compressed these
      superimposed maps. This analysis demonstrated that: (1) approximately 1% of the
      cortical neurons are VIP-positive, (2) their distribution is fairly uniform and
      statistically random, (3) there are no large areas (i.e. with a diameter greater
      than 100 microns) that lack a VIP-positive cell, (4) on the average, there is one
      VIP-positive cell per column of 30 microns diameter, and (5) the average nearest
      neighbor distance on the compressed display is 15 microns. Given the
      morphological characteristics of VIP-positive cells, these data indicate that
      each VIP-containing cell is identified with a unique radial volume, which is
      generally between 15 and 60 microns in diameter, and overlaps with the contiguous
      domains of neighboring VIP-positive cells. These morphological data support the
      notion that VIP-containing neurons play an important functional role within
      radially oriented columns of cerebral cortex.

PMID- 6362779
TI  - Behavioral effects of intracerebral injections of renin and captopril in intact
      and brain-damaged rats.
AB  - Rats with, or without, bilateral lesions of the caudate nucleus received
      intracaudate injection of either renin or renin plus Captopril (SQ 14225).
      Following such treatment, animals were impaired on a spatial reversal task
      compared to controls. We concluded that the putative renin contaminant of nerve
      growth factor (NGF) does not contribute to behavioral recovery from brain damage
      observed after NGF injections in other studies. Furthermore, angiotensin II might
      play a possible role in mediating footshock learning and spatial reversal
      performance.

PMID- 6362780
TI  - A comparison of the distribution of central cholinergic neurons as demonstrated
      by acetylcholinesterase pharmacohistochemistry and choline acetyltransferase
      immunohistochemistry.
AB  - The topographical distribution of cholinergic cell bodies has been studied in the
      rat brain and spinal cord by choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)
      immunohistochemistry and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-pharmacohistochemistry using
      diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). The ChAT-containing cells and the cells that
      stained intensely for AChE 4-8 hr after DFP were mapped in detail on an atlas of
      the forebrain (telencephalon, diencephalon) hindbrain (mesencephalon,
      rhombencephalon) and cervical cord (C2, C6). Striking similarities were observed
      between ChAT-positive cells and neuronal soma that stained intensely for AChE
      both in terms of cytoarchitectural characteristics, and with respect to the
      distribution of the labelled cells in many areas of the central nervous system
      (CNS). In the forebrain these areas include the caudatoputamen, nucleus
      accumbens, medial septum, nucleus of the diagonal band, magnocellular preoptic
      nucleus and nucleus basalis magnocellularis. In contrast, a marked discrepancy
      was observed in the hypothalamus and ventral thalamus where there were many
      neurons that stained intensely for AChE, but where there was an absence of ChAT
      positive cells. No cholinergic perikarya were detected in the cerebral cortex,
      hippocampus, amygdala and dorsal diencephalon by either histochemical procedure.
      In the hindbrain, all the motoneurons constituting the well-established cranial
      nerve nuclei (III-VII, IX-XII) contained ChAT and exhibited intense staining for
      AChE. Further, a close correspondence was observed in the distribution of labeled
      neurons obtained by the two histochemical procedures in the midbrain and pontine
      tegmentum, including the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, some areas in the caudal
      pontine and bulbar reticular formation, and the central gray of the closed
      medulla oblongata. On the other hand, AChE-intense cells were found in the
      nucleus raphe magnus, ventral part of gigantocellular reticular nucleus, and
      flocculus of the cerebellum, where ChAT-positive cells were rarely observed.
      According to both techniques, no positive cells were seen in the cerebellar
      nuclei, the pontine nuclei, or the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis. Large
      ventral horn motoneurons and, occasionally, cells in the intermediomedial zone of
      the cervical cord displayed ChAT-immunoreactivity and intense AChE staining. On
      the other hand, AChE-intense cells were detected in the dorsal portion of the
      lateral funiculus, but immunoreactive cells were not found in any portion of the
      spinal cord white matter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6362781
TI  - [Subtraction and harmonization of contrast in the radiographic image in the work
      of Dr. Vojtech Alexander (1857-1916)].

PMID- 6362782
TI  - [The character of Dr. Viktor Teissler and the first l5 years of the existence of
      the Institute of Medical Physics at Comenius University in Bratislava].

PMID- 6362783
TI  - [The role of the Biophysics Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Science at
      the beginning of biophysics research in Czechoslovakia].

PMID- 6362784
TI  - [Development of concepts on the mechanisms of repair of damaged genetic
      information].

PMID- 6362786
TI  - [Analysis of resistance transfer in bacterial strains of Escherichia coli and its
      significance in the antibiotic treatment of newborn infants].

PMID- 6362785
TI  - [Phagocytic and microbicidal capacity of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages
      obtained by various means].

PMID- 6362787
TI  - [Saccharide and hormone parameters in healthy pregnant women].

PMID- 6362788
TI  - [Eulogy of Andre-Romain Prevot (1894-1982)].

PMID- 6362789
TI  - [The Superior Council of Public Health. Evaluation of 5-year activities].

PMID- 6362790
TI  - [Poisoning by ingestion of industrial oils and adulterated cooking oils. Public
      health problem. Apropos of the Spanish toxic syndrome].

PMID- 6362791
TI  - [Myocardial infarction with normal coronarography].

PMID- 6362792
TI  - [Prospective and retrospective epidemiologic studies of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
      in France].

PMID- 6362793
TI  - [Development of diagnostic and treatment methods in biliary lithiasis].

PMID- 6362794
TI  - [Silo accidents (apropos of the catastrophic accident in Metz)].

PMID- 6362795
TI  - [Methods in the prenatal diagnosis of congenital anomalies various results and
      perspectives].

PMID- 6362796
TI  - [Impact, on human brucellosis, of the campaign against bovine brucellosis in
      France. The peculiar case of the students of the Alfort Veterinary School].

PMID- 6362797
TI  - [Morphological structure of the hemisection surface and chemical composition of
      biliary calculi].

PMID- 6362798
TI  - [Excision of vertebral tumors].

PMID- 6362799
TI  - [Advantages and disadvantages of ethylene oxide sterilization of medicosurgical
      equipment and pharmaceutical products].

PMID- 6362800
TI  - Dental school circa 1920.

PMID- 6362803
TI  - Physiological and pathophysiological aspects of cardiac prostaglandins.
AB  - It has now been demonstrated that prostaglandins produce a wide variety of
      actions on cardiac tissue. These effects are quite complex and are dependent on
      such factors as type of prostaglandin, animal species, experimental format, as
      well as the amount of prostaglandin employed. The last factor is of particular
      concern since the administration of large amounts of prostaglandins may not truly
      reflect the actual actions of the endogenously synthesized prostaglandins which
      are likely to be at a very low concentration. In this review we have attempted to
      analyze the pharmacological properties of prostaglandins on cardiac tissue
      including coronary arteries and myocardium as well as the subcellular basis for
      their actions. The possible reasons for the diverse effects of prostaglandins
      under different experimental conditions have been pointed out. An effort has also
      been made to synthesize the existing information concerning the actions of
      prostaglandins on heart in terms of current concepts. A discussion is presented
      concerning the role of endogenously synthesized prostaglandins in physiological
      and pathological aspects of cardiac performance and the potential use of
      prostaglandins and prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors in the treatment of heart
      disease.

PMID- 6362801
TI  - Anaesthetic considerations for microsurgical repair of limbs.
AB  - With the advent of surgery under the operating microscope microvascular surgical
      techniques requiring prolonged anaesthesia have greatly increased in number.
      Local anaesthetic techniques, whilst often producing excellent surgical
      conditions, are limited by the duration of action of the anaesthetic agents and
      by the ability of the patient to remain still, often in uncomfortable positions,
      for periods of up to twenty hours. The use of indwelling catheters as a means of
      prolonging the duration of nerve blocks is discussed along with methods of
      sedation or general anaesthesia to enable the patient to tolerate lengthy
      surgical intervention. Present general anaesthetic techniques may not be ideally
      suited to long surgical procedures. The problems and possible alternatives are
      discussed. Sympathetic ganglion blockade, intravenous regional blockade and
      systemic vasodilator therapy are discussed as a means of improving the success
      rate of these procedures. The general principles of patient management such as
      fluid balance, temperature control, patient positioning and control of the
      operating room environment assume a much greater significance when related to the
      provision of prolonged general anaesthesia, whilst the effect of extended periods
      of work on operating personnel must also be considered.

PMID- 6362804
TI  - Role of vasopressin in the control of arterial pressure.
AB  - Elevations in the circulating levels of vasopressin within the physiological
      range (less than 30 fmol X mL-1) in conscious animals cause vasoconstriction of
      resistance vessels, the most profound effect occurring in the muscle, skin, and
      intestinal vascular beds. In the organism with normal baroreceptor function, the
      vasoconstriction is not expressed as an increase in arterial pressure because of
      a corresponding fall in cardiac output associated with enhanced cardiovascular
      reflex activity. When compensatory reflex mechanisms are impaired (baroreceptor
      denervated dogs, patients with autonomic insufficiency, hypertensive rats), the
      vasoconstrictor activity of vasopressin is exposed and is reflected as an
      increase in arterial pressure. Inactivation of the vasopressin system alone by
      hypophysectomy or by administration of antagonists of the pressor activity of
      vasopressin is often accompanied by compensatory activation of the renin
      angiotensin system. Thus, under certain conditions, the vasopressin system and
      the renin-angiotensin system operate as reciprocal or redundant mechanisms in the
      control of resistance vessels and of arterial pressure. In two rat models of
      hypertension (spontaneously hypertensive rats and DOC-salt hypertensive rats)
      plasma levels of vasopressin are elevated, inactivation of the vasopressin system
      lowers arterial pressure, and pressor responsiveness to the peptide is enhanced.
      The enhanced pressor responsiveness appears related in part to impaired reflex
      activity. The mechanism of the impaired reflexes is unknown but in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats it might be related to a vasopressin deficit in the
      paraventricular nucleus and brain stem. The evidence is consistent with the
      possibility that vasopressin is one factor among many that may play a role in the
      maintenance of arterial pressure in the adult spontaneously hypertensive rat and
      in the development and maintenance of the hypertensive state in DOC-salt
      hypertensive rats.

PMID- 6362802
TI  - Dantrolene.

PMID- 6362805
TI  - The effect of tubular perfusion with PGE2, PGF2 alpha, and PGI2 on the
      tubuloglomerular feedback control in the rat.
AB  - The prostaglandins (PG) of the renal medulla might affect the nephron and the
      cortical arteriolar function via the tubular route. To investigate this question
      PGE2 (1 microgram/mL), PGF2 alpha (10 micrograms/mL), or PGI2 (1 ng/mL) was added
      to the tubular perfusion solution when the characteristics of the
      tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) control were measured. The experiments were
      performed on Sprague-Dawley rats. The proximal tubular stop-flow pressure (PSF)
      was measured upstream to a wax block, while at the same time the distal nephron
      was perfused with prostaglandin-containing or prostaglandin-free solutions at
      different flow rates varying from 0 to 50 nL/min. The maximal drop in PSF (delta
      PSF) and the tubular flow rate at which 50% of the delta PSF response was
      obtained, the turning point (TP), were determined. When PGE2 or PGF2 alpha was
      added to the tubular perfusion solution in the control animals a significant
      increase in feedback sensitivity was found. After 10 min of tubular PGI2
      perfusion the feedback sensitivity was almost completely abolished, with a delta
      PSF of 0.8 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa) (control 8.4 mmHg) and a TP of greater than
      40 nL/min (control 22 nL/min). After nephrectomy the feedback sensitivity was
      reduced, with a delta PSF of 2.0 mmHg and a TP of greater than 40 nL/min. When
      PGE2 was added to the tubular perfusion solution in the uninephrectomized
      animals, the feedback sensitivity was increased to the control level, with a
      delta PSF of 8.2 mmHg and a TP of 20.0 nL/min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6362806
TI  - Oxytocin resistance in Brattleboro rat adipocytes and comparative studies on
      insulin or oxytocin responsiveness in normal rat adipocytes.
AB  - We have evaluated factors, other than genetic, which might be related to the lack
      of an oxytocin-mediated insulinlike response (glucose oxidation; lipogenesis) in
      adipocytes from Brattleboro rats, homozygous for the diabetes insipidus trait
      (HoDI rats). The manoeuvres used in an attempt to restore the glucoregulatory
      responses to oxytocin in HoDI cells (increased glucose in the fat pad digestion
      medium; increased calcium concentration in the oxidation assay; estrogen
      treatment; use of [1-14C]glucose as substrate; inclusion of adenosine in the
      assay medium; vasopressin replacement therapy) uniformly failed to result in
      oxytocin activation of HoDI adipocytes. In contrast, the contractile responses of
      estrogenized HoDI rat uteri were indistinguishable from those of estrogenized
      normal rats. We conclude that the nonresponsiveness of the Brattleboro adipocytes
      to the glucoregulatory actions of oxytocin is not due to factors related to the
      conditions of the bioassay. On the other hand, in normal fat cells (from Sprague
      Dawley and Long Evans rats), oxytocin responsiveness was augmented by a number of
      the manoeuvres mentioned above, most notably by the inclusion of either calcium
      (10 mM) or adenosine (10 microM) in the assay medium. Nonetheless, the maximum
      oxytocin responsiveness of adipocytes from Long Evans or Sprague-Dawley rats,
      under all conditions of assay, was still only a fraction (less than 20%) of the
      maximal response to insulin. The effect of adenosine on oxytocin action
      (increased sensitivity, without an effect on the maximum response) is in keeping
      with the previously observed effects of this nucleoside on the action of insulin;
      our results thus pointed to a new parallel in the action of insulin and oxytocin.

PMID- 6362807
TI  - The history and future of psychiatric nursing.

PMID- 6362808
TI  - Collaborative study of the MPN, Anderson-Baird-Parker direct plating, and
      hydrophobic grid-membrane filter methods for the enumeration of Escherichia coli
      biotype I in foods.
AB  - Five Health Protection Branch laboratories compared two membrane filter methods
      (the Anderson-Baird-Parker direct plating, and a hydrophobic grid-membrane filter
      method) against the most probable number procedure (MPN) for enumerating
      Escherichia coli biotype I in foods. Results were available in 24 h by both
      membrane filter methods, compared with 10-14 days by the MPN procedure. For
      ground beef, Parmesan cheese, and cut green beans, the hydrophobic grid method
      generally gave the highest recovery, although the two membrane filter methods
      were not significantly different. Both these methods gave significantly higher
      recoveries than the MPN procedure, and for most foods, either method would be
      preferable. Further work is required before either membrane filter method can be
      recommended for bean and alfalfa sprouts, which may contain very high levels of
      Klebsiella spp.

PMID- 6362809
TI  - Production of curdlan-type polysaccharide by Alcaligenes faecalis in batch and
      continuous culture.
AB  - The biosynthesis of a thermogelable, extracellular homo-beta-(1 leads to 3)
      glucan called "curdlan," has been studied in batch and continuous cultures of
      Alcaligenes faecalis var. myxogenes. Curdlan production is associated with the
      poststationary phase of a nitrogen-depleted, aerobic batch culture. Exopolymer is
      not detected in single-stage, carbon-limited continuous cultures but curdlan can
      be isolated from the effluent of a nitrogen-limited chemostat operating at a
      dilution rate (D) of less than 0.1 h-1. A spontaneous variant of strain ATCC
      21680 was isolated and found to be compatible with long-term, nitrogen-limited
      chemostat culture. The specific rate of curdlan production is approximately four
      times higher in poststationary batch cultures than in single-stage continuous
      fermentations. The product yield (Yp/S) associated with batch processing
      (nongrowing cultures) is approximately 0.5 g curdlan/g glucose, with CO2 being
      the only detectable by-product.

PMID- 6362810
TI  - Cell wall proteins of Candida albicans.
AB  - Proteins were solubilized from cell wall fractions of Candida albicans and
      separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Cell walls were isolated from 25
      and 37 degrees C growing and stationary phase yeast cultures and from germ tubes.
      The 42 protein bands detected by dye binding were observed in all wall extracts,
      regardless of the temperature, growth state, or morphology of the culture. The
      carbohydrate content of most bands was below the detectable limit of the periodic
      acid Schiff reagent. The protein complement revealed by autoradiography of
      radiolabeled proteins was half that detected by staining. Two bands showed
      greater intensity from cultures grown at 37 degrees C. The radio-labeled pattern
      was similar with both [35S]methionine-and [14C]leucine-labeled proteins and
      either pulse- or continuous-labeled proteins.

PMID- 6362811
TI  - M-type 57 group A streptococcus bacteriocin.
AB  - All 40 tested isolates of M-type 57 group A streptococci gave the same, highly
      characteristic inhibitory pattern (P-type 614) when tested by deferred antagonism
      using a set of nine indicator strains. One component of this inhibitory activity
      was attributed to the production of a bacteriocinlike substance, streptococcin A
      M57 (SA-M57). Production of SA-M57 was enhanced by the presence of blood and also
      by growth at an alkaline pH. Partially purified SA-M57 was obtained from culture
      supernatants by a combination of ammonium sulphate fractionation and column
      chromatography. On Sephadex G-100 two different molecular weight forms (SA-M57
      alpha, greater than 100 000; SA-M57 beta, 33 000) were demonstrated. Both SA-M57
      forms were protease and heat sensitive and had identical inhibitory activity
      against a collection of indicator bacteria. The adsorption to and rate of kill of
      sensitive cells by SA-M57 was enhanced in the presence of human plasma. Partially
      purified SA-M57 preparations were devoid of M-type 57 protein and curing studies
      showed that loss of SA-M57 did not correlate with loss of M protein production.

PMID- 6362812
TI  - Inheritance of intersex disorders.
AB  - Intersex disorders result from abnormalities of the sex chromosomes, gonads,
      internal and external genitalia, sex hormones and gender role. This article
      reviews the literature on intersex disorders, outlining the characteristics and
      mode of inheritance, if known, of each. For appropriate and effective management
      and counselling of patients and their families, physicians must have a good
      knowledge of the development of the genital tract and of the interaction between
      genetic sex and environmental influences.

PMID- 6362814
TI  - Adjuvant chemotherapy with fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide, with
      or without Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and with or without irradiation in operable
      breast cancer. A prospective randomized trial.
AB  - Between May 1977 and April 1980, 238 patients with operable breast cancer were
      treated with adjuvant fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC)
      chemotherapy. All patients were randomized to receive FAC alone or FAC with
      nonspecific immunotherapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine. A
      randomization for routine postoperative irradiation was included in the study in
      May 1978. At the median follow-up of 33 months, 53 patients had developed
      recurrent disease. Up to the present time, there have been no significant
      differences in the disease-free survival of patients treated with FAC alone from
      those treated with FAC + BCG (P = 0.21). The disease-free survival for patients
      treated with and without routine postoperative irradiation was similar (P =
      0.99). Disease-free survival of premenopausal and postmenopausal women was
      similar. The overall estimate of disease-free survival was 72% at 3 years.

PMID- 6362813
TI  - Use of mechanical ventilation in adults with severe asthma.
AB  - Asthma severe enough to require intubation and mechanical ventilation is
      associated with a mortality rate of about 10%. Therapeutic modalities are ever
      changing and at times controversial. This paper provides an update on such
      modalities and presents, in a step-wise fashion, those most appropriate for
      practical patient care. The timing of intubation and the methods used to control
      airway patency, arterial pH and gas levels, and hemodynamic status are crucial to
      the success of therapy. Finally, conventional and disputed methods of
      bronchodilation are outlined.

PMID- 6362815
TI  - Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide versus hydroxyurea in advanced prostatic cancer.
      A randomized Southwest Oncology Group study.
AB  - Over a 24-month period, the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) conducted a
      randomized prospective chemotherapeutic trial in 158 patients with advanced
      prostatic cancer. Patients were initially randomized to receive either a
      combination of Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide (AC) or a single agent,
      hydroxyurea (H), and then crossed over to the other treatment on failure. Of the
      137 evaluable patients, 43 (31%) had classically measurable metastatic disease in
      the lymph nodes, skin, chest, or liver. Focusing their efforts on this subset of
      patients with measurable disease, the authors of this report found the
      combination AC to have a superior response rate to the single agent, hydroxyurea.
      Objective response to AC was seen in 6 of 19 (32%) and in only one of 24 (4%)
      patients randomized to hydroxyurea (P = 0.06, Fisher's exact test). However, in
      the larger group of 137 evaluable patients, a survival advantage was not seen for
      those individuals treated with AC. Failure to demonstrate a survival advantage
      for an objectively superior drug combination would suggest the need for more
      active phase II agents in this disease.

PMID- 6362817
TI  - Hodgkin's disease followed by mycosis fungoides in the same patient. Case report
      and literature review.
AB  - Hodgkin's disease and mycosis fungoides are only rarely reported to occur in the
      same individual. The authors report a patient who initially presented with
      Hodgkin's disease but later died with massive visceral mycosis fungoides. This
      sequence of events is unique in the world's reported lymphoma experience.

PMID- 6362816
TI  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma occurring after Hodgkin's disease. Four new cases and a
      review of the literature.
AB  - This article describes four cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas occurring after
      successful treatment of Hodgkin's disease (HD). The clinical symptoms consisted
      of digestive disorders, and the histology confirmed an intestinal involvement in
      these four patients. In all cases patients had diffuse large cell types
      (intermediate or high grade). The respective role of HD treatment (combination
      chemotherapy in 3 of 4 patients with irradiation in 3 of 4 patients) and of other
      pathogenic hypotheses, are discussed.

PMID- 6362818
TI  - Juxtaglomerular cell tumor of the kidney.
AB  - The authors describe a juxtaglomerular cell tumor (JGCT) which caused severe
      hypertension in a 58-year-old man. Light microscopy showed a circumscribed tumor
      composed of interlacing cords and occasional nodules of relatively uniform cells
      with no mitotic activity. Rhomboid crystals characteristic of "prerenin" were
      present within the cytoplasm of tumor cells, and there was a close relationship
      between the tumor and unmyelinated nerve axons. Intracytoplasmic renin was
      demonstrated by immunofluorescence, and tumor granules were shown to contain zinc
      by electron-beam microanalysis. Review of 14 prior cases, with additional follow
      up of 9, showed that no patient had developed recurrence, metastasis, or another
      tumor. Four patients, however, are hypertensive but probably because of secondary
      tumor effects rather than recurrent hyperreninism. The distinction of JGCT from
      hemangiopericytoma with renal involvement is important because of the high
      mortality associated with the latter. The authors conclude that JGCT is benign,
      but patients with JGCT may remain hypertensive postnephrectomy because of
      hypertensive angiopathy.

PMID- 6362819
TI  - Chemotherapy for multiple myeloma.
AB  - The effects of eight different drug combinations were evaluated in 256 patients
      with multiple myeloma. The response rate and time to remission were superior from
      regimens that added both vincristine and Adriamycin (doxorubicin) to an
      alkylating agent-prednisone combination. There was no improvement in response
      rate or survival time from two alternating drug combinations evaluated in an
      attempt to achieve more marked tumor reductions and to delay the emergence of
      resistant subclones. The addition of levamisole during remission maintenance did
      not improve survival time. Results supported the utility of unmaintained
      remission follow-up in selected patients with marked reductions in myeloma cell
      mass.

PMID- 6362820
TI  - Do hormones cause breast cancer?
AB  - The evidence that various endogenous and exogenous sex hormones play a role in
      the etiology of breast cancer is reviewed. It is hypothesized that prolonged
      exposure to normal levels of ovarian estrogens and cyclic progesterone resulting
      from early menarche and late menopause, and primarily willful nulliparity and
      late childbearing, act at an early stage in the development of breast cancer by
      promoting excessive proliferation of normal epithelial stem cells. Excess
      endogenous or exogenous estrogens can enhance risk by stimulating proliferation
      of epithelial cells that have undergone partial malignant transformation. The
      breast, however, is much less responsive to the tumor-promoting effects of
      estrogens than the endometrium, and estrogens probably play a less important role
      in the later stages of mammary than endometrial carcinogenesis.

PMID- 6362821
TI  - Surgical management of clinically early breast cancer.
AB  - The management of patients with primary operable or potentially curable breast
      cancer continues to be controversial. Modified radical mastectomy is still
      considered the standard approach for patients with this problem, but certain
      carefully selected patients with smaller tumors are being treated in some centers
      with a breast-sparing operation, usually with some type of axillary dissection,
      followed by radical radiation therapy. The manner in which this option is
      presented to patients varies from the most optimistic (it is proven to be equal
      to mastectomy) to more guarded appraisals (it is experimental, with long-term
      results and complications yet to be measured). Lending weight to the latter
      interpretation is another option open to patients, i.e., to enter randomized
      prospective trials comparing various locoregional approaches. The approach of the
      authors to these patients will be discussed.

PMID- 6362822
TI  - Surgical clinical trials.
AB  - Surveys of surgical practice in the United States during the last 2 decades have
      documented a gradual retreat from the standard radical mastectomy for treatment
      of early breast cancer. During this time, clinical trials have tested traditional
      principles of cancer surgery, and permitted conclusions to be made regarding
      treatment alternatives. Modified mastectomy (total mastectomy plus axillary
      dissection) has proved equal to radical mastectomy in terms of survival, disease
      free survival, and local tumor control in a randomized trial confined to TNM
      clinical Stage I and II cases. This study showed that routine removal of grossly
      uninvolved pectoral muscles (and apical axillary nodes) is not necessary in early
      cases, a result which failed to support the principle of en bloc dissection.
      Trials addressed to the practice of prophylactic regional node dissections have
      indicated that node dissections are useful for reducing regional tumor
      recurrence, for providing prognostic information, and for establishing the need
      for adjuvant treatment, but they do not improve overall survival. Metastases in
      lymph nodes appear to be a sign, rather than a source, of tumor dissemination.
      Furthermore, a recent trial indicates that routine removal of the breast may not
      be necessary in early cases. High-dose irradiation of the breast (after wide
      excision of the primary and axillary dissection) in TNM clinical Stage I cases
      provided local tumor control and survival comparable to that of radical
      mastectomy. Trials of breast preservation not yet complete address more advanced
      stages (TNM I and II), and the question of whether irradiation is necessary in
      all cases. On the basis of completed studies, it appears that TNM clinical State
      I and II cancers can be appropriately treated with modified mastectomy; Stage I
      cancers can be treated equally well with irradiation of the breast after
      quadrantectomy and removal of axillary lymph nodes.

PMID- 6362823
TI  - Clinical studies on the use of radiation therapy as primary treatment of early
      breast cancer.
AB  - The treatment of operable breast cancer by primary radiation therapy instead of
      mastectomy is undergoing evaluation in the United States and Europe.
      Retrospective studies of patients treated by primary radiation therapy show that
      local control and survival rates are comparable to those obtained by mastectomy.
      Detailed analysis of local failure following primary radiation therapy indicates
      the importance of excisional biopsy of the primary tumor, moderate doses of
      radiation to the breast and draining lymph node areas, and the use of a boost to
      the primary tumor area in maximizing local control. Further, the judicious use of
      local excision combined with meticulous radiotherapy technique yields highly
      satisfactory results for the majority of treated patients. Preliminary results
      from prospective trials also indicate that primary radiation therapy provides
      both local control and survival rates equivalent to mastectomy. Primary radiation
      therapy is becoming an increasingly important alternative to mastectomy where
      surgical and radiotherapeutic expertise are available to optimize both local
      tumor control and the final cosmetic outcome.

PMID- 6362824
TI  - Status of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer.
AB  - The clinical behavior of breast cancer in the human female is characterized by
      inconsistency. Without question, however, the clinical management of this disease
      in all stages has resulted in the improved quality and quantity of life. The
      histologic evidence of axillary lymph node involvement correlates well in a
      number of series with ultimate prognosis. The ability to characterize high-risk
      groups for recurrent disease set the stage for surgical adjuvant clinical trials
      in humans. As the chemotherapeutic management of advanced breast cancer patients
      improved as well, it seemed logical to attempt to treat patients with evidence of
      lymph node involvement with an adjuvant program in addition to surgical
      extirpation. The early results of a number of clinical trials in the surgical
      adjuvant setting has clearly shown that this concept was worth testing; a
      biologic effect has been observed with the most pronounced effect in younger
      women. Improved disease-free intervals occurred and ultimate survival seems to
      have been affected. The ultimate cure for the majority of females with operable
      but prognostically unfavorable breast cancer has not as yet been reached however.
      Thus, in an appropriately highly charged research atmosphere the "routine"
      management of this disease has as yet to be demonstrated.

PMID- 6362825
TI  - Adjuvant irradiation for early breast cancer. An on-going controversy.
AB  - Adjuvant irradiation has been used in the treatment of breast cancer for over 80
      years, but its use has always been, and remains, controversial. It is extremely
      valuable in the treatment of Stage III and IV breast cancer because of its
      ability to reduce the local recurrence rate in these late stages down to
      acceptably low levels; however, to have a significant benefit in Stages I and II,
      in which the local recurrence rate is only 10% to 20% with mastectomy alone, it
      should be able to improve survival as well as prevent local recurrence. All of
      the early trials indicated that adjuvant irradiation neither increased nor
      decreased survival; however, these trials were flawed by poorly executed
      randomization processes and/or by the use of radiotherapy that would be
      considered inadequate by today's standards. The two recent trials, Oslo and
      Stockholm, which were more stringently randomized and which employed more modern
      radiotherapy techniques, showed an improved disease-free survival with adjuvant
      irradiation. Overall, survival, however, was unaffected, save for the small
      subset of patients with medial tumors and histologically positive axillary nodes.
      For these patients there was a trend toward survival enhancement by internal
      mammary node irradiation. All of the trials testing irradiation and surgery
      against surgery alone have very little relevance in today's adjuvant chemotherapy
      era; thus, the entire question of survival enhancement by irradiation must be
      reassessed within the context of adjuvant chemotherapy. Will the combination of
      adjuvant chemotherapy and irradiation yield a better survival than either
      adjuvant modality alone? The results of the few prospective trials that have
      addressed this question are still preliminary, and longer follow-up is necessary
      before any conclusions can be reached. Also, future studies must be undertaken to
      address two issues that may be very important when combining chemotherapy and
      radiotherapy: the sequencing of these two modalities, and the optimum
      radiotherapy technique for minimizing hematologic suppression.

PMID- 6362826
TI  - Clinical trials and primary breast cancer. The therapeutic implications.
AB  - The therapeutic cure of breast cancer involves local and metastatic control. In
      the past they have been conceptually separated with local control being
      considered the focus for primary therapy and metastatic control an issue only at
      the time of relapse. With new understanding of tumor cell biology and the natural
      history of breast cancer, it has been recognized that the two issues cannot be
      easily separated. The emotionalism that has accompanied breast cancer research,
      and its results, both within the oncologic community, and in the public mind,
      have made the design, interpretation, and analysis of breast cancer trials a
      difficult area. The author reviews the existing clinical trial literature base in
      primary therapy and attempts to develop its therapeutic implications.

PMID- 6362827
TI  - Ablative procedures in patients with metastatic breast carcinoma.
AB  - The ability to determine the content of sex steroid receptors in breast carcinoma
      cells has markedly enhanced the clinician's ability to predict the response to
      hormonal therapy in patients with metastatic breast carcinoma. Formerly the
      surgical ablation of endocrine organs (hypophysectomy, adrenalectomy, and
      oophorectomy) was used as the initial therapy in many patients with metastatic
      breast carcinoma. Currently, however, only oophorectomy is employed as the
      initial treatment of choice in patients with recurrent breast carcinoma, and its
      use is exclusively limited to premenopausal or perimenopausal patients whose
      tumors are estrogen-receptor positive. The decreased utilization of surgical
      ablative procedures is primarily due to the introduction into clinical practice
      of two pharmacologic agents, the antiestrogen, tamoxifen, and the adrenal
      blocking agent, aminoglutethimide. When administered to postmenopausal patients
      with metastatic breast carcinoma, these pharmacologic agents induce remissions as
      frequently as do surgical ablative procedures; however, their use is associated
      with distinctly less morbidity and virtually no mortality.

PMID- 6362828
TI  - The whys of cancer quackery.
AB  - The nation appears to have weathered the laetrile phenomenon. In just having
      passed through the greatest episode of quackery in our history, it would be
      appropriate to reflect on the whys of quackery: Why do some promote it? Why do so
      many use it? Why should the medical profession care? Using the laetrile
      experience as a model, the author attempts to deal with these fundamental
      questions, and tries in particular to sort out which factors were unique to
      laetrile and which factors have always been associated with quack promotions and
      are likely to continue. When a successful quack promotion is analyzed, a complex
      interplay of failures on the part of physicians and the public is observed, and
      the triumphs of the promoters are recognized. Finally, it is necessary to deal
      with the issue of the responsibility of the individual physician and of the
      profession in general in coping with an unsound, antiscientific medical
      therapeutic.

PMID- 6362829
TI  - Multiple benign colonic polypi at the site of ureterosigmoidostomy.
AB  - Nine benign retention (juvenile) large bowel polyps with an unusual histologic
      appearance, developed in a 23-year-old man at the site of anastomosis 7 years
      after ureterosigmoidostomy. Benign tumor occurring as a complication of this
      operation are very uncommon, and no previously reported case has had more than
      two lesions. The literature is reviewed, with emphasis on the characteristic
      histological appearance of benign postureterosigmoidostomy polyps.

PMID- 6362830
TI  - Combination chemotherapy plus levamisole in the treatment of disseminated
      malignant melanoma. A Southwest Oncology Group study.
AB  - Two hundred-eighty patients were randomized to receive either BCNU, hydroxyurea
      and imidazole carboxamide (BHD), BHD plus levamisole, or high-dose DTIC plus
      actinomycin D. There was no difference in response rate in the three groups (24%,
      25% and 22%). Females responded better than males and, as expected, those with a
      better performance status responded more favorably than those with poor
      performance status. Patients whose primary site of melanoma was on the
      extremities did significantly better than those melanomas originating on the
      trunk or head and neck. Patients with lymphocyte counts greater than 2000/mm3
      fared better than those with lymphopenia. Those responders who received high-dose
      DTIC plus actinomycin D had a significantly longer length of response than those
      receiving the immunotherapy limb. This was also true in those patients who had a
      prior disease-free interval of greater than 6 months before being placed in this
      study. Although there was no difference in survival from the start of treatment
      in all patients, those patients receiving high-dose DTIC plus actinomycin D and
      who had a prior disease-free interval of greater than 6 months, had significantly
      superior survival when compared to the immunotherapy limb. It is concluded that
      the addition of Levamisole to BHD does not improve response rate and may in
      certain subsets be detrimental to disease-free response and survival. High-dose
      DTIC plus actinomycin D is equally effective to BHD.

PMID- 6362832
TI  - Adjuvant immunotherapy with nonviable Mycobacterium smegmatis in resected primary
      lung carcinoma. A randomized clinical trial of 219 patients.
AB  - Two hundred and nineteen patients with resected lung carcinoma were randomized 3
      weeks after surgery between two treatment arms: a control group (110 cases) and
      an immunotherapy group (109 cases). The immunostimulant was a nonviable
      saprophytic mycobacterium, M. smegmatis, given monthly by subcutaneous injection
      in four sites. The two groups were equivalent in terms of prognostic factors,
      including a nonsignificant difference favoring the control group based on the N
      (node) classification. This interim analysis was carried out on June 1, 1981.
      Treatment comparison by the log-rank test did not show any significant
      differences between these two groups in regards to disease-free interval and
      overall survival. There was no significant difference between the two groups
      after stratification of the comparison according to the N classification or
      adjustment with a subset of eight prognostic parameters through the Cox model.
      The initially expected difference (20% 1-year survival) will probably not be
      achieved, given these interim results, but patients will continue to be treated
      and followed-up according to the protocol as to allow further evaluation of this
      nonspecific immunotherapy.

PMID- 6362831
TI  - Clinical thermochemotherapy. A controlled trial in advanced cancer patients.
AB  - In vitro and in vivo animal studies and some clinical trials have shown apparent
      benefit from thermochemotherapy; however, this treatment modality has not been
      adequately tested in humans. This investigation evaluated response to and
      toxicity of secondary thermochemotherapy, using each patient as his own control.
      Patients with advanced cancer who had documented disease progression while
      receiving chemotherapy alone were subsequently treated with the same drug, by the
      same dose and route, combined with localized hyperthermia. Thirty-four patients
      whose diseases included metastatic colon carcinoma, melanoma, sarcoma and
      hepatoma in viscera (29) or surface tissues (5) were treated with combination
      thermochemotherapy for 1 hour daily for 5 days/month. Effective heating from 41
      to 45 degrees C minimum tumor temperature was possible in 17/19 (89%) tumors in
      which temperatures could be measured safely. The authors observed 5 (15%) tumor
      regressions for 1 to 5 months (median, 2 months), and 19 (56%) tumor
      stabilizations (growth arrest of previously progressive disease) for 1 to 9
      months (median, 4 months). Subjective improvement in activity and/or pain control
      occurred in 6 (18%) patients and 20 (59%) had no progression of symptoms during
      treatment. Moreover, there was no detectable morbidity from localized
      hyperthermia, and no evidence of increased chemotherapy toxicity. While the
      mechanism(s) of response is poorly understood, the documented disease regressions
      and stabilizations of previously progressive disease in 24 (71%) patients during
      secondary combination thermochemotherapy indicates that the addition of
      hyperthermia may have useful anticancer activity. Expanded trials are warranted.

PMID- 6362833
TI  - Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis of the proliferating cells in
      histiocytosis X.
AB  - The cellular nature of the proliferating histiocytes in 6 cases of histiocytosis
      X was studied immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally. Immunohistochemically,
      S-100 protein was detected both in the cytoplasm and the nuclei of histiocytosis
      X cells as well as Langerhans cells in normal oral epithelium. These cells were
      always negative for lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and
      immunoglobulins. S-100 protein was not detected in lysozyme-positive histiocytes
      and multinucleated giant cells often showed the signs of phagocytosis. Thus, S
      100 protein appears to be a useful immunohistochemical marker for histiocytosis X
      cells. Ultrastructurally, Birbeck granules noticed in histiocytosis X cells were
      never seen in the phagocytic histiocytes with numerous lysosomes and phagosomes.
      These results emphasized the heterogeneous nature of the proliferating
      histiocytes involved in the lesions. Since histiocytosis X cells share
      characteristics, not only ultrastructurally but also immunohistochemically, with
      Langerhans cells, the hypothesis that histiocytosis X may be fundamentally an
      abnormal proliferation of Langerhans cells has been further supported.

PMID- 6362834
TI  - Response of esthesioneuroblastoma to chemotherapy. Report of five cases and
      review of the literature.
AB  - Five patients with advanced stage or metastatic esthesioneuroblastoma treated
      with chemotherapy are reported, and another eight cases found in the literature
      are reviewed. In this collective experience with chemotherapy in this disease,
      the authors found that 8 of 13 patients (62%) had an objective response to
      chemotherapy. The agents which may be active in this disease and the role of
      chemotherapy, particularly adjuvant therapy for patients presenting with advanced
      disease, are discussed.

PMID- 6362835
TI  - Mantle-zone lymphoma. An immunohistologic study.
AB  - Mantle-zone lymphoma (MZL) is a histologically distinctive variant of follicular
      lymphocytic lymphoma which is characterized by a proliferation of atypical small
      lymphoid cells as wide mantles around benign-appearing germinal centers.
      Immunoperoxidase stains were performed on fixed and processed lymph nodes from
      four patients with MZL. Three cases were of the intermediate lymphocytic type,
      and one was of the small cleaved lymphocytic type. In all cases, the small
      lymphoid cells of the mantle zones did not stain. A monoclonal population (IgM,
      lambda) of plasma cells and large lymphoid cells was demonstrated predominantly
      in the paracortical areas in one case. In all cases, small numbers of plasma
      cells and large lymphoid cells in the follicle centers stained in a polyclonal
      pattern, confirming the benign nature of the centers. These findings suggest that
      follicular lymphomas of the mantle-zone type are exceptions to the theory that
      follicular B-cell lymphomas are derived from follicular center cells. Apparently,
      the lymphoid cells of MZL home to the mantle zones of secondary follicles, where
      they surround, proliferate, and eventually obliterate residual benign germinal
      centers.

PMID- 6362836
TI  - Carcinocythemia (carcinoma cell leukemia). Report of two cases with English
      literature review.
AB  - Cancer cells of nonhematologic origin are rarely seen on routinely prepared
      peripheral blood smears. This report describes two patients with disseminated
      carcinoma, in near terminal state, one with malignant melanoma and another with
      transitional cell carcinoma of the ureteropelvic junction who developed
      carcinocythemia (CCA). A review of the English literature revealed only eight
      other cases in which CCA was documented. Four patients had a small cell
      bronchogenic ("oat cell") carcinoma, two had disseminated breast carcinoma and
      one each had advanced adenocarcinoma of ileum and abdominal rhabdomyosarcoma. The
      circulating malignant cells usually accounted for less than 10% of the nucleated
      blood cells, but in one patient comprised up to 80% of the leukocyte count. The
      mean time between detection of CCA and death was 5 weeks (median, 2 weeks)
      reflecting the fact that CCA is generally a terminal event.

PMID- 6362837
TI  - Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. A clinicopathologic study of a previously
      unrecognized composite variant.
AB  - Six cases are reported of a previously undescribed unusual composite variant of
      lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma that is not readily classifiable by either the
      Rappaport or the Lukes and Collins classifications, or by the recently proposed
      Working Formulation. These cases are characterized by a partly nodular, partly
      diffuse proliferation of lymphoid cells surrounded by a separate, zonally
      distinct proliferation of large plasmacytoid cells. The latter cells are located
      in medullary and paracortical areas in lymph nodes and in the marginal zone of
      the white pulp and in the red pulp in the spleen. This distinct zonal
      characteristic was noted in the small bowel as well in one case. Five of our six
      patients were male, and their ages ranged from 46 to 68 years. Three had a
      monoclonal serum IgM and one had hyperglobulinemia that was not further
      characterized. Three had evidence of an altered immune state. In all cases,
      monoclonal IgM was demonstrated in involved tissues by an immunoperoxidase
      technique. These cases are unusual because of the unique topographic segregation
      of the varying types of tumor cells in all cases, and because of the association
      of paraproteinemia with nodular lymphoma in three. The resemblance of this tumor
      to the plasma cell variant of giant lymph node hyperplasia with which two cases
      were originally confused, and to lymph nodes in patients with autoimmune
      diseases, may be responsible for its lack of recognition.

PMID- 6362838
TI  - Necrotizing myelopathy associated with malignancy. A clinicopathologic study of
      two cases and literature review.
AB  - Two cancer patients had extensive spinal cord necrosis at necropsy. One had
      carcinoma of the breast and the other, carcinoma of the lung. Case 1 was treated
      by mastectomy, systemic chemotherapy and cranial irradiation, where as Case 2
      received local irradiation to the right upper chest and right supraclavicular
      zone. In both cases, the spinal cord necrosis affected grey and white matter
      along most of its extent. Neither local nor systemic causes to explain the spinal
      cord lesion were disclosed at necropsy. It is suggested that these are two new
      examples of paraneoplastic necrotizing myelopathy. There are 22 such cases in the
      English language medical literature since 1903.

PMID- 6362839
TI  - Carcinoembryonic antigen in pleural effusions. Diagnostic value in malignant
      mesothelioma.
AB  - The usefulness of the determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in pleural
      effusion was assessed as an aid to the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma. The
      concentration of CEA was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in pleural fluid of
      213 adult patients, of which 140 had malignant pleural disease and 73 had
      nonmalignant pleural disease. Pleural fluid CEA (PF CEA) was lower than 12 ng/ml
      in all 15 mesotheliomas. The statistical probability of a mesothelioma associated
      with PF CEA greater than 15 ng/ml was found to be zero. The CEA assay in pleural
      effusion proved to be a valuable adjunct to other diagnostic procedures in
      differentiating the malignant mesothelioma from metastatic serosal spread.

PMID- 6362840
TI  - Conservative treatment versus mastectomy in breast cancer tumors with macroscopic
      diameter of 20 millimeters or less. The experience of the Institut Gustave
      Roussy.
AB  - A clinical trial was conducted at the Institut Gustave Roussy between October
      1972 and December 1980 to compare mastectomy with local excision plus Cobalt
      irradiation, in patients with breast cancer tumors of 20 mm in diameter or less
      at macroscopic examination. Low-axillary dissection and extemporaneous histologic
      examination were carried out for all patients. If one or more positive nodes were
      found, complete axillary dissection was performed. The study included 179
      patients. No significant difference was detected in either overall or relapse
      free survival between the two groups, although the conservatively treated group
      showed slightly better results. The results of conservative treatment were
      esthetically satisfactory in 92% of the cases. The trial included a second
      randomization for the patients with positive axillary nodes to assess the value
      of nodal area irradiation; 72 patients were studied in this part of the trial. No
      significant differences were found between the two groups after adjustment for
      the number of positive axillary nodes, although the no-nodal irradiation group
      showed better results and less complications than the nodal irradiation group.

PMID- 6362842
TI  - Combined mother-baby care: an experiment in patient assignment.

PMID- 6362841
TI  - Dimethyl triazeno imidazole carboxamide and combination therapy for melanoma. IV.
      Late results after complete response to chemotherapy (Central Oncology Group
      protocols 7130, 7131, and 7131A).
AB  - The results of three Phase III studies of DTIC in 580 patients with metastatic
      melanoma were reviewed to evaluate the subsequent course of 26 patients who
      achieved a complete response (CR) to chemotherapy. The majority (17 of 26) of
      these patients had soft tissue metastases. Six of the 26 patients remained in CR
      at last report (30-259 weeks), two died of other causes while remaining free of
      melanoma, and 18 relapsed and died. Ninety-five percent of the 26 patients were
      alive at 1 year, and survival was 31.1% at 72 months. Seven of the eight patients
      with sustained remission received chemotherapy for at least 6 months after CR
      developed, whereas 10 of 18 relapsing patients were treated for less than 6
      months after CR was achieved. Long-term sustained CR to chemotherapy occurs in 1%
      to 2% of patients treated with DTIC, and late relapse is rare in patients who
      remain in CR for 2 years.

PMID- 6362843
TI  - The prognostic implications of chromosomal findings in acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia.
AB  - The clinical importance of chromosome studies of leukemic tissue at diagnosis of
      acute lymphoblastic leukemia lies in the relationship between different
      chromosomal findings and prognoses. First demonstrated in 1978 [1], this
      relationship has been confirmed in a number of subsequent reports [2-9]. The
      independence of chromosomal findings from other prognostic features in predicting
      long-term response to treatment is now established [2-5, 7-9]. In children, a
      good or bad prognosis can be predicted only when a chromosomally abnormal cell
      line is identified. Differential prognosis, then, depends on the nature of the
      abnormality. In adults, as in children, the kind of abnormal clone, when present,
      is of some value prognostically. In addition, however, unlike the situation in
      children, the best prognosis in adults is associated with the chromosomally
      normal group.

PMID- 6362844
TI  - Combined effects of fast-neutron irradiation and subcutaneously applied carbon
      tetrachloride or chloroform in C57Bl6 mice.
AB  - Male and female C57Bl6 mice received a single whole-body dose of irradiation with
      170 rad or 330 rad of fast neutrons. Nine weeks later they were given a single
      subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride or chloroform. Chloroform did not
      influence the occurrence of tumours, but carbon tetrachloride markedly increased
      the incidence of radiation-induced liver carcinomas.

PMID- 6362845
TI  - Urinary mutagen levels in smokers.
AB  - Urinary mutagen levels were measured over an 8-week period in a group of 13
      smokers. Individual urinary mutagen levels were observed to be relatively
      constant and while there was a general correlation between mutagen excretion
      levels and cigarette consumption, individuals' excretion levels could not be
      predicted on the basis of either the numbers of cigarettes smoked or the tar
      content of the cigarettes.

PMID- 6362846
TI  - A phase-II trial of Corynebacterium parvum as adjuvant to surgery in the
      treatment of operable lung cancer.
AB  - A phase-II randomized trial has been undertaken in 49 patients with operable lung
      cancer, to determine the effect of a single IV infusion of killed C. parvum
      vaccine as an adjuvant to surgery. The number of patients was insufficient to
      provide a decisive result, but analysis 6 years after the last patient was
      admitted shows that the adjuvant therapy certainly did not shorten, and may well
      have prolonged, survival. Of the patients with squamous cell carcinoma who were
      alive 1 year after operation all except one in the C. parvum-treated group were
      alive 4 years later, whereas five in the control group died during this interval.
      Judgement concerning the value of IV administration of CP as adjuvant therapy in
      patients with operable lung cancer should be deferred until further evidence is
      available.

PMID- 6362847
TI  - Effect of interferon on human neutrophilic granulocytes.
AB  - The in vitro influence of interferon (IFN) on various functions of human
      neutrophilic granulocytes was investigated. It was observed that the attachment
      and engulfment of opsonized yeast particles by human neutrophilic granulocytes
      were enhanced after preincubation in vitro with IFN for 30 min. The same result
      was obtained whether the particles were opsonized with fresh normal serum
      (complement) or with specific antibodies. However, after incubation of the
      granulocytes with IFN for 3 h the phagocytosis rate was somewhat decreased.
      Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction by resting granulocytes was slightly,
      although not significantly, increased by preincubation with IFN for 30 min, but
      their NBT reduction during phagocytosis of E. coli was significantly increased.
      No major effects of preincubation with IFN were observed on spontaneous or random
      migration of granulocytes.

PMID- 6362849
TI  - Glucocorticoid receptors and steroid sensitivity in normal and neoplastic human
      lymphoid tissues: a review.
AB  - The determination of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer has
      been shown to be useful in predicting the response to endocrine therapy. Given
      their well-known inhibitory effects on lymphoid tissue, glucocorticoids have been
      used widely in the treatment of leukemia. Given these facts, over the last 10
      years, several investigators have measured the number of glucocorticoid receptors
      in normal and neoplastic lymphoid tissue to see whether their number correlated
      with glucocorticoid responsiveness in vitro or in vivo. No clear correlation
      could be established between the level of glucocorticoid receptor and the in
      vitro action of steroids in normal and neoplastic lymphoid tissue. In contrast,
      attempts to correlate glucocorticoid receptor levels in acute lymphocytic
      leukemia to in vivo steroid responsiveness and immunological type using the whole
      cell-binding assay for receptor determination and selecting the patients
      according to age and immunological criteria have been more successful.

PMID- 6362848
TI  - Macrophages and antitumor reactions.

PMID- 6362850
TI  - Effects of prostacyclin on tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation.
AB  - Prostacyclin has been evaluated for its ability to inhibit tumor cell-induced
      platelet aggregation (TCIPA) induced by several rodent tumor lines: B16a
      (melanoma); 3LL (carcinoma); 15091A (adenocarcinoma); and W256 (carcinosarcoma).
      Aggregation of human platelets by all four lines was inhibited by prostaglandin
      I2 (PGI2) in a dose-dependent manner, with complete inhibition observed at 10
      ng/ml. However, higher PGI2 concentrations were required to inhibit aggregation
      of homologous rat platelets induced by W256 cells. Prostacyclin was compared to
      other icosanoids known to inhibit platelet aggregation and was found to be 100
      fold more potent than either prostaglandin E1 or prostaglandin D2 and 1000-fold
      more potent than its stable nonenzymatic metabolite (6-ketoprostaglandin F1
      alpha). Prostaglandin E2 in contrast to prostaglandin E1 and prostaglandin D2,
      did not inhibit TCIPA; however, both prostaglandin E2 and its enzymatic
      metabolite (13,14-dihydro-15-ketoprostaglandin E2) prevented PGI2 inhibition of
      TCIPA. The addition of prostaglandin I2 (100 ng/ml) after initiation of TCIPA
      (50% of maximum response) resulted in immediate arrest of TCIPA followed by
      reversal of platelet aggregation. Prostacyclin partially reversed platelet
      aggregation when added at 100% of maximum response. Platelets enhanced the
      adhesion of [125I]uridine-labeled W256 cells to plastic culture dishes under both
      aggregatory and nonaggregatory conditions. Prostacyclin in vitro inhibited
      platelet-facilitated tumor cell adhesion. These in vitro results demonstrated
      that PGI2 is a potent inhibitor of TCIPA and of tumor cell adhesion; we suggest
      that these are possible mechanisms to explain the antimetastatic effects of PGI2
      in vivo [Honn, K. V., Cicone, B., and Skoff, A. Science (Wash. D.C.), 212: 1270
      1272, 1981].

PMID- 6362851
TI  - Dipyridamole enhancement of toxicity to L1210 cells by deoxyadenosine and
      deoxycoformycin combinations in vitro.
AB  - The combination of 2'-deoxyadenosine and deoxycoformycin is known to be markedly
      toxic to T-lymphocyte cell lines relative to B-cell lines, and this difference
      appears to be related to the capacity of the cells to accumulate deoxyadenosine
      triphosphate (dATP). In the presence of dipyridamole and 2'-deoxyadenosine and
      when adenosine deaminase was inhibited with deoxycoformycin, the L1210 leukemia
      cell which is a non-T-, non-B-cell type accumulated dATP like a T-cell type. The
      intracellular L1210 concentration of dATP using the triple combination (1.1
      microM deoxycoformycin-40 microM deoxyadenosine-10 microM dipyridamole) reached
      400 microM at which concentration ribonucleotide reductase specific activity was
      reduced by 80%. While this degree of enzyme may be significant, complete
      inhibition might have been expected, since 400 microM dATP is approximately 40
      times the concentration to give 50% inhibition in some purified systems.

PMID- 6362852
TI  - Antigens associated with a human lung adenocarcinoma defined by monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies KS1/4, KS1/9, and KS1/17 were developed in this laboratory
      from a fusion of the murine myeloma cell line P3X63Ag8 with spleens of BALB/c
      mice previously primed with UCLA P3 cells derived from a human adenocarcinoma of
      the lung. Monoclonal antibodies KS1/4 and KS1/17 seemed to recognize similar
      glycoprotein antigens on the lung carcinoma cells by indirect immunoprecipitation
      and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. However,
      mapping of [3H]lysine- and [3H]arginine-labeled tryptic peptides of antigens in
      specific immunoprecipitates of lung carcinoma cells by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography revealed a one peptide difference. Antibody KS1/9 did not
      immunoprecipitate any identifiable protein from detergent extracts of the
      immunizing cell line by routine methods and appears to detect a glycolipid
      antigen. Immunocytochemical analysis of tissue sections showed this monoclonal
      antibody to be reactive with adenocarcinomas of the lung and not with the other
      histological types of lung carcinoma or normal tissue. Monoclonal antibodies
      KS1/4 and KS1/17, however, reacted with 3 major histological types of lung cancer
      and minimally with the proximal tubules of normal kidney and the epithelium of
      bronchioles.

PMID- 6362854
TI  - Inhibition of human melanoma cell growth in vitro by monoclonal anti-GD3
      ganglioside antibody.
AB  - Malignant melanoma cell growth in vitro was blocked by the monoclonal antibody R
      24, which detects the disialoganglioside GD3 on melanoma cells. GD3 expression
      varies greatly in cultured human malignant melanoma cells. The level of
      ganglioside GD3 was measured by quantitative absorption tests. In our
      observations, six melanoma cell lines expressing high levels of GD3 on the cell
      surface showed growth inhibition and rounding up in the presence of R-24
      antibody. Four melanoma cell lines with low levels of GD3 and seven nonmelanoma
      cell lines with no detectable GD3 remained unchanged in morphology and continued
      to grow. The data presented indicate that complement is not involved in the
      growth inhibition observed here. Because ganglioside GD3 was detected in all 16
      tissue specimens of primary and metastatic human malignant melanoma examined by
      immunofluorescence tests, the possible relevance of this finding in vivo is
      discussed.

PMID- 6362853
TI  - Differential effects of epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor, and
      insulin on DNA and protein synthesis and morphology in serum-free cultures of AKR
      2B cells.
AB  - The effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin, and a transforming growth
      factor from fetal bovine serum on protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, and
      morphology in confluent cultures of AKR-2B mouse cells have been examined. The
      cells were plated and grown to confluence in serum-containing medium, and then
      the medium was changed to MCDB 402 containing no undefined supplements for 2 days
      before the addition of the polypeptides to be tested. Under these conditions, all
      of the factors listed above stimulated rapid increases in protein synthesis. When
      added to cultures singly, however, only EGF stimulated significant DNA synthesis.
      The effect of EGF on DNA synthesis was highly synergistic with insulin. Fetal
      serum transforming growth factor activity, which stimulated multiple rounds of
      cell replication in soft agar in serum-containing medium, did not stimulate DNA
      synthesis in serum-free monolayer cultures of these cells when added alone or in
      combination with EGF or insulin. Fetal serum transforming growth factor did,
      however, stimulate a rapid change in the morphology of these cells from flat,
      nonoverlapping cells to bipolar, multilayered cultures when added to the serum
      free medium.

PMID- 6362855
TI  - Frank M. Schabel 1918-1983.

PMID- 6362856
TI  - Effect of estrogen and antiestrogen on the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7
      adapted to growth at low serum concentration.
AB  - The human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 has been adapted to long-term growth at
      0.5 and 0.05% fetal bovine serum. Free cytoplasmic and filled nuclear estrogen
      receptors were found in cells grown at 5, 0.5, and 0.05% fetal bovine serum.
      Cells grown in medium with 0.05% dextran-charcoal-treated serum contained
      cytoplasmic receptors but no filled nuclear receptors, indicating that this
      medium did not contain biologically active concentrations of estrogen. Addition
      of estradiol to the medium translocated the cytoplasmic receptor to the nucleus
      and stimulated progesterone receptor synthesis but did not increase the growth
      rate. The antiestrogen tamoxifen (TAM) inhibited cell growth at all serum
      concentrations investigated, at least in part by a reduction of the growth
      fraction. The sensitivity to TAM was highest at low serum concentrations. The
      effect of TAM could be reversed by estradiol at TAM concentrations of 10(-6) M or
      lower. It is concluded that estradiol does not have a direct growth-stimulatory
      effect on our MCF-7 cells in monolayer cultures although the cells contain
      functional estrogen receptors and growth of the cells in athymic mice requires
      estrogens. TAM has an estrogen-competitive, inhibitory effect on the growth of
      MCF-7 cells at concentrations lower than 10(-6) M. At higher concentrations, the
      growth inhibition is unspecific and noncompetitive by estradiol.

PMID- 6362857
TI  - Fetal pancreatic antigens in the Syrian golden hamster and their relationship to
      development and carcinogenesis.
AB  - A rabbit antiserum raised against pancreatic extracts of newborn Syrian hamsters
      was used in a histological study of pancreas development. This antiserum, after
      being rendered specific by appropriate absorption, stained the cytoplasm of
      acinar cells in neonatal pancreas. The reaction was observed from the 13th day of
      gestation (3 days before delivery) until the 10th day after birth. This period
      was characterized by a progressive maturation of the endocrine pancreas. The
      disappearance of fetal pancreatic antigens coincided with the appearance of
      Langerhans islets. Adult pancreas was not stained with the antiserum, but a good
      reaction was observed in chemically induced pancreas adenocarcinomas. All
      reactions were confirmed by immunochemical studies. Polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis followed by immunodetection on nitrocellulose blots demonstrated
      the presence of two major fetal antigens. Thus, this study demonstrates the
      existence of fetal pancreatic antigens associated with development which are
      reexpressed in pancreatic tumors.

PMID- 6362858
TI  - A cytotoxic monoclonal antibody to colon adenocarcinoma.
AB  - We have produced a monoclonal antibody CCOL1 that is cytotoxic at a titer of
      1:20,000 using human sera as a complement source. CCOL1 reacts to the immunizing
      colon carcinoma line as well as to one other colon carcinoma line. However, it
      does not react with another colon adenocarcinoma line or with 28 other cultured
      tumor cells. It is noncytotoxic to lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, RBC, and
      platelets. When tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against the normal
      cell membranes, it did not react to colon, lung, kidney cortex, heart, pancreas,
      liver, stomach, intestine, or kidney medulla but was strongly positive to the
      cell membrane of the colon adenocarcinoma line. The antibody reacted with 4 colon
      cancer tissue sections by immunoperoxidase. Control tissue sections of skin,
      spleen, kidney, brain, and uterus were negative. CCOL1 showed slight staining of
      epithelial cells in the tissue sections of normal lung, esophagus, colon,
      pancreas, and stomach. From preliminary studies, the antigen appears to be a
      glycoprotein, since it was highly sensitive to Pronase and sodium periodate.

PMID- 6362859
TI  - Rate of growth and extent of differentiation reflected by cytoplasmic proteins
      and antigens of human colon tumor cell lines.
AB  - The cytosolic proteins and antigens of 11 human colon tumor cell lines were
      examined with respect to their rate of growth and state of differentiation.
      Coomassie blue-stained protein analysis of sodium dodecyl sulfate-containing
      polyacrylamide gels revealed protein bands at Mr 30,000, 31,000, and 58,000,
      which were characteristic of slower growing and more differentiated cell lines.
      More rapidly dividing and disdifferentiated colon cell lines lacked the Mr 30,000
      and Mr 58,000 bands; instead, they produced a single protein band that ran
      between the Mr 30,000 and Mr 31,000 positions on the gel. Western transfer
      analysis of cytoplasmic antigens further subdivided the 11 cell lines into 3
      separate categories. Slowly growing and more differentiated lines produced a Mr
      52,000 antigen. Intermediate lines, with respect to growth rate and state of
      differentiation, produced a Mr 38,000 antigen. The rapidly growing and highly
      disdifferentiated cell lines contained three cytosolic antigens with molecular
      weights of 37,000, 39,000, and 48,000. These criteria made it possible to
      classify these 11 human colon tumor tissue culture cell lines into 3 groups which
      reflect their state of growth activity and degree of differentiation.

PMID- 6362860
TI  - Use of a newly established human cell line (SU-CCS-1) to demonstrate the
      relationship of clear cell sarcoma to malignant melanoma.
AB  - A new tumor cell line, designated SU-CCS-1, was established from the malignant
      pleural effusion of a 16-year-old Caucasian girl with clear cell sarcoma.
      Morphological studies at the light- and electron-microscopic levels revealed
      similar features between the SU-CCS-1 cells and the primary tumor.
      Ultrastructural and cytochemical techniques showed that both the SU-CCS-1 cell
      line and the original tumor were amelanotic in nature. The malignant derivation
      of the SU-CCS-1 cell line was demonstrated by intracranial and s.c.
      heterotransplantation in the nude, athymic mouse and by cytogenetic analysis
      which showed that the cell line had a hypodiploid chromosome number and several
      karyotypic abnormalities. Live-cell radioimmunoassay procedures using a large
      panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against tumor-associated antigens
      revealed that, phenotypically, SU-CCS-1 closely resembled melanoma tumor cell
      lines. Immunological assays for the detection of neuroendocrine-associated
      peptides, hormones, and enzymes revealed that, like melanoma, the SU-CCS-1 cell
      line was actively producing alpha-melanotropin, S-100 antigen, and nerve growth
      factor. A notable difference between these tumor types was the capacity of SU-CCS
      1 to produce bombesin, an active neuropeptide whose synthesis has been found in
      cell lines from patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung. From these
      studies, we concluded that the SU-CCS-1 cell line is phenotypically similar to
      melanoma, yet displays unique characteristics which distinguishes it from other
      sarcomas. The availability of an established clear cell sarcoma cell line will
      greatly facilitate further studies aimed at uncovering the histogenesis of this
      rare cancer.

PMID- 6362861
TI  - Partial characterization of protease(s) in human breast cancer cytosols that can
      degrade estrogen and progesterone receptors selectively.
AB  - Proteolytic activity in human breast cancer cytosols was studied using hormone
      receptors from rats as the substrates. Under the conditions tested, limited
      proteolysis of both the estrogen and the progesterone receptors in uterine
      cytosol was observed, but not proteolysis of the glucocorticoid or androgen
      receptors in liver or prostate cytosols, respectively. Although both the
      nonactivated and activated uterine estrogen receptors were attacked by the
      enzyme(s), molybdate-stabilized receptors were resistant to proteolysis. The
      product of estrogen receptor cleavage sedimented at approximately 4S in low-salt
      gradients and at 3 to 4S in high-salt gradients. This fragment retained both the
      steroid-binding and DNA-binding domains. The marked decrease in its DNA-binding
      ability, compared with the salt-dissociated but non-proteolyzed receptors, may be
      attributable to interactions of the fragment with dialyzable modulator(s) in
      cytosol. The proteolytic activity in tumor cytosol was leupeptin sensitive and
      was precipitated by (NH4)2SO4 at 30 to 60% saturation. Its sedimentation
      coefficient was 4 to 5S. The proteolytic activity was identified in 70% of
      estrogen receptor-negative tumors but in only 40% of estrogen receptor-positive
      tumors.

PMID- 6362862
TI  - Role of bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of hematologic malignancies
      and solid tumors: critical review of syngeneic, autologous, and allogeneic
      transplants.
AB  - Intensive chemoradiotherapy and bone marrow transplantation is effective for
      selected patients with acute or chronic leukemia, lymphoma, or solid tumors. This
      paper will summarize the results of treatment utilizing syngeneic transplants
      from identical twins, allogeneic transplants from HLA identical and nonidentical
      donors, and the use of the patient's own bone marrow cells in autologous bone
      marrow transplantation. The potential complications of marrow transplantation are
      described and the current results of bone marrow transplantation are compared
      with recent advances in alternative forms of treatment for these malignancies.

PMID- 6362863
TI  - Importance of prognostic factors in cancer clinical trials.
AB  - The importance of prognostic factors in the design, analysis, and reporting of
      clinical trials is discussed. For many kinds of cancer, the variability in
      prognosis among patients is greater than the size of treatment differences
      usually seen. Consequently, failure to understand and adequately account for
      patient heterogeneity easily leads to unreliable claims and inefficient trials.
      Identified prognostic factors are generally of sufficient importance to demand
      attention in design and analysis, but rarely are sufficiently explanatory to
      render randomization unnecessary. Improvement in knowledge of prognostic factors
      is important for sharpening the focus and for improving the reliability,
      efficiency, and interpretability of clinical trials. Problems in the conduct of
      prognostic factor studies are also discussed, and the calculation of the
      proportion of variability explained by logistic regression models is illustrated
      for two examples.

PMID- 6362864
TI  - Current condition and prognosis of tumor immunotherapy: a second opinion.

PMID- 6362865
TI  - Intramural therapeutic research at the National Cancer Institute, Department of
      Medicine: 1955-1965.

PMID- 6362866
TI  - Adoptive immunotherapy of cancer: accomplishments and prospects.
AB  - Adoptive immunotherapy is an approach to cancer treatment that has not received
      significant evaluation in cancer patients. Recent developments in modern cellular
      immunology have expanded the opportunities for utilizing adoptive immunotherapy
      in humans. A variety of animal models have been developed utilizing the adoptive
      transfer of immune cells that can mediate the regression of established murine
      tumors. Analyses of these models are defining the important criteria necessary
      for the application of this approach to humans. Studies of the immune response of
      human cells to autologous tumors are identifying cells with antitumor reactivity
      that may be of value in the treatment of human malignancy. Preliminary clinical
      studies have been performed demonstrating the feasibility of infusing large
      numbers of activated lymphoid cells into humans. Adoptive immunotherapy is an
      approach to the treatment of cancer that deserves further study.

PMID- 6362867
TI  - Role of receptors in mediating steroid hormone effects in human breast cancer.

PMID- 6362868
TI  - Potential use of analogs of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormones in the
      treatment of hormone-sensitive neoplasms.
AB  - New approaches to the therapy for some endocrine-dependent tumors with analogs of
      hypothalamic hormones are being developed on the basis of experimental studies in
      animal models. Analogs of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormones (LH-RH) may open
      new vistas for the treatment of some hormone-dependent carcinomas. It has been
      clearly demonstrated that both agonistic and antagonistic analogs of LH-RH can
      inhibit the growth of rat prostate tumors. A successful treatment of androgen
      dependent prostate cancer with agonistic analogs of D-Trp6-LH-RH, D-Ser(But)6des
      Gly-NH2(10)-LH-RH ethylamide, and D-Leu6-des-Gly-NH2(10)-LH-RH ethylamide has
      been documented in several hundred patients. The data accumulated so far from
      clinical trials suggest that LH-RH agonists can be used as an effective endocrine
      therapy for prostate carcinoma, therapy avoiding the side effects of estrogen and
      the psychologic impact of castration. Experimental animal studies and some
      clinical trials suggest that LH-RH agonists and/or antagonists might also be
      useful in the treatment of breast cancer. The results of experiments with various
      hypothalamic analogs in animal models of chondrosarcomas, osteosarcomas, and
      other tumors appear to be encouraging, but the potential clinical efficacy of LH
      RH analogs in the treatment of human hormone-sensitive cancers other than breast
      and prostate remains to be investigated. The approach to treatment of hormone
      dependent tumors based on analogs of hypothalamic hormones might become a useful
      addition to conventional methods for cancer therapy.

PMID- 6362869
TI  - Promise of radiosensitizers and radioprotectors in the treatment of human cancer.
AB  - Over the past 30 years, as an understanding of radiation chemistry has developed,
      it has been possible to develop compounds which modify the initial radiochemical
      event. In addition, certain physiologic means such as hyperbaric oxygen or blood
      flow restriction have also been developed as methods to modify radiation response
      through the radiochemical processes. Following the success of certain hyperbaric
      trials, a great effort was made to develop chemical agents which would mimic
      oxygen in their sensitization of hypoxic cells. A large series of compounds have
      now been identified with such properties and several of these have entered
      clinical trial. The first compound to receive widespread testing, misonidazole,
      has proven too toxic to be used in adequate doses for clinically relevant
      sensitization. Two new nitroimidazole analogs, which are excluded from the
      central nervous system, promise to allow much higher degrees of sensitization in
      planned clinical trials and new non-nitro drugs are under development.
      Radioprotection can be achieved through various methods, including restriction in
      blood flow and the use of sulfhydryl-containing compounds which again modify the
      initial radiochemical events. To be successful in tumor therapy, such agents must
      be selective in protecting the normal tissues. One class of compounds, the
      thiophosphates, show differential protection of normal tissue vis-a-vis tumor
      through several mechanisms. After extensive animal testing, one of these
      compounds, WR 2721, is now in phase I clinical testing, with phase II evaluation
      planned for the near future. Other potential sensitizers with varying degrees of
      differential activity in tumor versus normal tissue are also discussed.

PMID- 6362870
TI  - Clinical development of anticancer agents--a National Cancer Institute
      perspective.

PMID- 6362871
TI  - Origins and development of chemotherapy research at the National Cancer
      Institute.

PMID- 6362872
TI  - Predicting response of human solid tumors to chemotherapy.

PMID- 6362873
TI  - The diagnosis and treatment of yolk sac tumors in infants and children.

PMID- 6362874
TI  - Therapeutic activity of mitoxantrone and ametantrone against murine tumors.

PMID- 6362875
TI  - Clinical safety and tolerance of mitoxantrone (Novantrone).

PMID- 6362876
TI  - Molecular and biochemical pharmacology of mitoxantrone.
AB  - Evidence has been presented which indicates that Nv: intercalates DNA and
      additionally causes inter- and intra-strand crosslinking possibly associated with
      its charged side arms; there is an apparent preference for G-C base pairs;
      induces single strand and double strand breaks in DNA; strongly inhibits DNA and
      RNA synthesis; causes nuclear aberrations and chromosomal scattering; induces a
      block in the G2 phase of the cell cycle with an increase in cellular RNA and
      polyploidy; is not cell cycle phase-specific with respect to cell kill; does not
      induce free-radical formation; does not induce lipid peroxidation or superoxide
      formation; rather it may inhibit ADR-stimulated lipid peroxidation and microsomal
      superoxide production; does not appear to have a strong potential for
      cardiotoxicity on the basis of currently postulated mechanisms of action; is
      capable of inducing cellular resistance in vitro; resistance is associated with
      an apparent alteration in the cell membrane impairing drug transport into the
      cell. Although the precise mechanism(s) of tumor cell killing has not been fully
      defined it is most likely associated with an interaction by Nv with chromosomes
      resulting in DNA damage, which if not efficiently repaired, will lead to
      inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis and eventual cell death.

PMID- 6362877
TI  - Mitoxantrone versus doxorubicin in advanced breast cancer: a randomized cross
      over trial.

PMID- 6362879
TI  - Somatic antigens of Shigella: the structure of the polysaccharide chain of
      Shigella boydii type 2 lipopolysaccharide.
AB  - The structure of the polysaccharide chain of Shigella boydii type 2
      lipopolysaccharide was established using mainly 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy, partial
      hydrolysis, Smith degradation, and methylation analysis. The repeating unit of
      the polysaccharide was concluded to be a branched hexasaccharide, as follows:
      (formula in text). Acetaldehyde was detected in the hyrolysate of the
      lipopolysaccharide, but no evidence was obtained to indicate that acetaldehyde is
      located in the polysaccharide moiety.

PMID- 6362878
TI  - Sequential studies on the role of mitoxantrone in the treatment of acute
      leukaemia.
AB  - Mitoxantrone, a synthetic and newly available intercalating agent, was shown to
      have activity in relapsed or refractory acute leukaemia, which is apparently
      schedule dependent. A 5-day treatment programme demonstrated impressive activity,
      with a 50% response rate and 24% complete remissions. Toxicity in these
      preliminary studies was limited compared to that expected with the anthracycline
      antibiotics. Mitoxantrone is an active and relatively non-toxic agent which
      merits further assessment prior to its incorporation in first-line therapy of
      acute leukaemia.

PMID- 6362880
TI  - [Effect of glucose and insulin on the resistance of the brain of young rats to
      anoxia].

PMID- 6362881
TI  - [Casopis Lekaru Ceskych (Journal of Czech Physicians) 100 years ago].

PMID- 6362882
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of analgesics].

PMID- 6362883
TI  - Characteristics of the CFU-s population in mice carrying the Slj allele.
AB  - A tentative characterization of haemopoietic stem cells with respect to their
      organ distribution, seeding fraction and colony formation in the spleen,
      radiosensitivity and humoral regulation was attempted in mice heterozygous for
      the mutant allele Slj and in their normal littermates. Slj/+ mice were
      characterized by a deficient CFU-s content of the blood and spleen and had
      slightly lower femoral CFU-s numbers. This CFU-s distribution could not be
      explained by differences in seeding efficiency 'f' between CFU-s of Slj/+ and +/+
      origin in lethally irradiated recipients used in the CFU-s assay. The seeding
      fraction of CFU-s of +/+ origin did not differ in +/+ and Slj/+ recipients.
      However, in irradiated Slj/+ recipient mice a 30% decrease was observed in the
      number of the colonies derived from splenic and femoral CFU-s of both +/+ and
      Slj/+ origin. The serum level of SHSF (splenic haemopoiesis stimulating factor)
      was decreased in Slj/+ mice, but significantly increased in Sl/Sld mice, as
      compared to their respective normal +/+ littermates. Endogenous colony formation
      in Slj/+ spleens was deficient in comparison to that observed in +/+ spleens, and
      distinct sex differences were observed. However, mutant and normal CFU-s from
      spleen and bone marrow had a similar survival following in-vitro gamma
      irradiation. Femurs and spleens of both Slj/+ and +/+ origin were implanted into
      both Slj/+ and +/+ hosts. Six weeks later the Slj/+ grafts contained less CFU-s
      than the +/+ grafts. These data show that the splenic stroma of Slj/+ mice is not
      defective in its capacity to lodge injected CFU-s but is deficient in its ability
      to maintain CFU-s under 'steady-state' conditions and stimulate their colony
      formation in a 'perturbed state'. Some of the characteristics of Slj/+ mice
      segregate them from Sl/Sld mice, i.e. a deficient splenic CFU-s content, normal
      seeding fractions 'f' of CFU-s from spleen and bone marrow in the presence of an
      almost compensated anemia, and decreased serum levels of SHSF. The study of the
      Slj trait may be a useful extension of the current Sl/Sld model for exploration
      of hereditary defects in haematopoietic stroma.

PMID- 6362884
TI  - The proliferative status of microcolony-forming cells in mouse small intestine.
AB  - The technique of thymidine (TdR) suicide has been used with the intestinal
      microcolony assay to demonstrate that in the middle of the light cycle, nearly
      all intestinal clonogenic cells, in the B6D2F1 mice used in these experiments,
      were not in S phase. Doses of tritiated thymidine [3H]TdR up to 1 mCi/mouse did
      not kill a significant fraction of those clonogenic cells which survived a test
      dose of 12 Gy gamma-rays. This finding supports some data in the literature, but
      conflicts with others. However, the suicide technique was found in the studies
      reported here to be very efficient in sterilizing clonogenic cells in the middle
      of the dark cycle, and also in a regenerating epithelium at day 3 after a dose of
      9 Gy. This implies that the technique can discriminate well between populations
      of clonogenic cells which differ in their content of cells in S phase. The lack
      of a suicide effect in the middle of the light cycle indicates that the majority
      of proliferative epithelial cells are not clonogenic.

PMID- 6362885
TI  - Some mechanisms of disturbances and recovery of T-lymphocyte migratory properties
      in irradiated mice.
AB  - Migration of 51Cr-labelled T cells from irradiated mice into lymph nodes of
      syngeneic unirradiated recipients decreased in a dose-dependent fashion. Influx
      of labelled T cells between 4 and 24 hr after injection (secondary migration) is
      more radiosensitive than lymph-node migration of T cells in the first 4 hr
      (primary migration). Treatment of T cells from irradiated mice in vitro with Con
      A or with trypsin does not enhance radiation-induced alteration of their
      migratory properties, but irradiation enhances the effects of Con A and trypsin
      on T-cell migration. Recovery of primary migration of irradiated T cells is
      completed 3 months after irradiation; it is probably caused by T-cell renewal.
      The defect of T-cell secondary migration is more stable: it remains 6 months
      after irradiation in a dose of 4 Gy. Post-irradiation defects of the T-cell
      differentiation process as a cause of long-lasting alteration of T-cell secondary
      migration are discussed.

PMID- 6362886
TI  - distribution of monoamine-containing nerve fibers in the pineal organ of
      untreated and sympathectomized dogs. Fluorescence- and immunohistochemical
      studies.
AB  - Monoamine (noradrenaline and serotonin)-containing nerve fibers distributed in
      the pineal organ of the dog were studied by means of histochemistry (formaldehyde
      induced fluorescence) and immunohistochemistry (peroxidase-antiperoxidase-PAP
      method) with the use of a serotonin antiserum. With the fluorescence
      histochemical technique a dense network of blue-green fluorescent fibers was
      demonstrated in the pineal organ. Most of these fibers formed a perivascular
      plexus and their branches penetrated into the intercellular spaces of the
      parenchymal cells. Since these fibers completely disappeared ten days after
      bilateral removal of the superior cervical ganglia, it was confirmed that they
      are noradrenergic post-ganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers. A few yellow
      fluorescent fibers were detected in the proximal part of the organ after
      ganglionectomy. By the use of the PAP method, intensively immunoreactive
      parenchymal cells and nerve fibers were demonstrated. The distribution pattern of
      these fibers was similar to that of the fluorescent sympathetic fibers. After
      almost all immunopositive fibers had been abolished by sympathectomy, some
      serotonin-containing fibers remained. The latter could be traced back to a system
      of serotonin fibers in the epithalamic region. These findings suggest that 1) the
      sympathetic noradrenergic fibers in the pineal organ of the dog take up serotonin
      which is released from the pinealocytes, and 2) this organ receives a dual
      monoamine innervation via peripheral noradrenergic and central serotonergic nerve
      fibers.

PMID- 6362888
TI  - A 200-kd protein isolated from the fascia adherens membrane domains of chicken
      cardiac muscle cells is detected immunologically in fibroblast focal adhesions.
AB  - On the premise that the fascia adherens of cardiac muscle cell intercalated disk
      membranes is a structure that is closely homologous to the focal adhesions formed
      by fibroblasts, a fascia adherens preparation was isolated from chicken cardiac
      muscle, and was analyzed for its protein composition. A prominent 200-kilodalton
      (kd) protein was purified from the fascia preparation and shown to be
      antigenically unrelated to several previously characterized cytoskeletal
      proteins, including cardiac myosin and vinculin. With monospecific antibodies to
      the 200-kd protein, an identical or closely similar intracellular protein was
      shown to be associated with the focal adhesion plaques of fibroblasts.

PMID- 6362887
TI  - Bombesin-, gastrin/CCK-, 5-hydroxytryptamine-, neurotensin-, somatostatin-, and
      VIP-like immunoreactivity and catecholamine fluorescence in the gut of the
      elasmobranch, Squalus acanthias.
AB  - The presence of peptides and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in neurons and endocrine
      cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias, was
      investigated by means of immunohistochemistry, and the distribution of
      catecholamines by use of the Falck-Hillarp fluorescence-histochemical technique.
      Bombesin-like immunoreactivity was present in numerous nerves in all layers and
      all parts of the gut, and also in endocrine cells in the mucosa throughout the
      stomach, rectum and intestine. VIP-like immunoreactivity occurred in an abundance
      of nerve fibres and in nerve cell bodies in all parts of the gut except the
      oesophagus, while 5-HT-like immunoreactivity was found sparsely in nerve fibres
      and more frequently in endocrine cells throughout the gut. Gastrin/CCK-like
      immunoreactivity was present in numerous nerve fibres in the rectum, but only in
      scattered fibres in the other parts of the gut. Endocrine cells showing
      gastrin/CCK-like immunoreactivity were present in the intestine only.
      Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity occurred in both nerve fibres and endocrine
      cells of the stomach and intestine, but only in nerves in the rectum. Neurotensin
      like immunoreactivity was confined to endocrine cells of the intestine. Falck
      Hillarp fluorescence histochemistry revealed 5-HT in endocrine cells and
      catecholamines in nerve fibres (and possibly also in endocrine cells) throughout
      the gut. Bombesin-, VIP-, gastrin/CCK- and somatostatin-like immunoreactivities
      and catecholamine fluorescence were present in nerve fibres of the rectal gland
      and, with the exception of gastrin/CCK-like immunoreactivity, also in nerve
      bundles in the walls of the coeliac and mesenteric arteries. The findings of the
      present study form an anatomical basis for the assumption that several of the
      neuropeptides and amines could function as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators
      in the gut of Squalus.

PMID- 6362889
TI  - A covalently cross-linked matrix in skeletal muscle fibers.
AB  - When skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle is exhaustively extracted with a
      protein-unfolding reagent such as 6 M guanidine HCl and a disulfide-reducing
      reagent such as 5% beta-mercaptoethanol, a tissue ghost remains intact and
      retains the characteristic shape and dimensions of the tissue before extraction.
      In the case of chicken pectoral muscle, the tissue ghost contains 1% of the
      original muscle proteins. Guanidine HCl extraction followed by collagenase
      treatment of glycerol-extracted chicken pectoral muscle releases a clean
      preparation of elongated structures containing 0.2% of the original protein and
      representing the covalently cross-linked remnants of the muscle fibers. The
      material of these muscle fiber ghosts extends throughout the interior of the
      cell. Antibodies raised against the tissue ghosts of smooth muscle cross-react
      with glycerol extracted skeletal myofibrils, forming a banding pattern which
      coincides with the banding pattern observed when myofibrils are reacted with
      antibodies against titin. Titin, a large and soluble protein found in skeletal
      muscle, cross-reacts with our antigizzard antibody. However, amino acid analysis
      of the muscle fiber ghosts indicates that titin cannot be the only subunit of the
      insoluble polymer, but that one or more proteins with a very high glycine and
      alanine content and a very low basic and acidic amino acid content must also form
      part of the covalently cross-linked matrix. The possibility is presented that
      this matrix may be the basis of the superthin 2-3-nm filaments which have been
      observed in a variety of cell types.

PMID- 6362890
TI  - Stimulus-induced activation of the calcium-dependent protease within platelets.

PMID- 6362891
TI  - Coelomocyte spectrin.
AB  - We have investigated the presence and localization of an alpha-spectrinlike
      protein and its potential role in the morphological transformation of sea urchin
      coelomocytes. In immunofluorescence images there is a diffuse fluorescence
      throughout the petaloid cytoplasm, indicating a random distribution of the
      spectrinlike protein prior to the transformation. As these cells from filopodia,
      there is a coincident appearance of a spectrinlike protein, as seen in
      fluorescent images, at the site of filopodial initiation. As the filopodia
      continue to form and lengthen, the spectrin localization parallels their
      development. There is a single polypeptide observed on sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) gels of whole coelomocyte lysates
      that cross-reacts with the anti-alpha-spectrin immunogen and comigrates with it
      at 240 kilodaltons.

PMID- 6362892
TI  - Segregation of two spectrin forms in the chicken optic system: a mechanism for
      establishing restricted membrane-cytoskeletal domains in neurons.
AB  - The chicken optic system contains a brain-specific form of spectrin (alpha gamma
      spectrin or fodrin) as a major membrane-associated, axonally transported
      cytoskeletal protein. We show here that the chicken optic system also contains an
      erythrocyte-specific form of spectrin (alpha beta' beta-spectrin), which has a
      more restricted distribution; it is confined to the plasma membrane of dendrites
      and cell bodies of retinal ganglion cells, is absent from the optic nerve fibers,
      and is not axonally transported from the retina into the optic nerve. During
      development of the optic system, the expression of alpha gamma-spectrin is
      constitutive in all cell types. On the other hand, the accumulation of alpha
      beta' beta-spectrin is detected in only the ganglion cells, and at a time in
      development which coincides with the phase of synaptogenesis. These results
      indicate the existence of a developmentally regulated mechanism that
      topologically segregates the erythroid and brain forms of spectrin from each
      other, and the former from axonal transport, and suggest that erythroid spectrin
      may be involved in establishing restricted membrane-cytoskeletal domains in
      neurons during synaptogenesis, and maintaining them in the adult cell.

PMID- 6362893
TI  - A modified nucleotide in tRNA as a possible regulator of aerobiosis: synthesis of
      cis-2-methyl-thioribosylzeatin in the tRNA of Salmonella.
AB  - The state of modification of the adenosine residue (A37), found adjacent to the
      anticodon in tRNAs that recognize codons beginning with U, varies in Salmonella
      bacteria grown under different physiological conditions. In aerobically grown
      bacteria, these tRNAs contain ms2io6A and in bacteria grown anaerobically they
      contain its precursor, ms2i6A. The hydroxylation of the isopentenyl (i6-) side
      chain of ms2i6A does not occur in the absence of oxygen. When the bacteria are
      grown under iron or cysteine limitation the tRNAs contain predominantly i6A,
      rather than ms2i6A, ms2io6A, or io6A. The bacteria do not methylthiolate (ms2-)
      the i6A under these conditions. A Salmonella miaA mutant lacking the
      isopentenylation enzyme contains an A37 rather than any of the modified forms.
      Some of the biosynthetic pathways of the amino acids corresponding to ms2i6A
      containing tRNAs (phe, tyr, trp, ser, leu, cys) are known to have altered
      regulation depending on the state of modification of nucleoside A37. This
      regulation appears to be effected through attenuation. We hypothesize that these
      varying states of modification are related to electron-acceptor pathways in
      anaerobic or aerobic growth. The role of ms2io6-adenine (the cytokinin hormone in
      plants) and i6-adenine (an activator of the cell cycle in animal cells) is
      discussed as related to the role of modifying enzymes in regulation.

PMID- 6362894
TI  - Stabilization of the maturation promoting factor (MPF) from Xenopus laevis
      oocytes. Protection against calcium ions.
AB  - Maturation promoting factor (MPF) activity was recovered from progesterone
      matured Xenopus oocytes cytosol, fractionated by polyethylene glycol-20,000 or
      ethanolic precipitation. An improved stabilization of the biological activity was
      obtained by adding adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (ATP-gamma-S) (50 microM)
      to the preparation buffers. Neither Ca2+ ions nor calmodulin inhibit the
      partially purified MPF.

PMID- 6362895
TI  - Biological activities of a murine T-cell clone with reactivity to Mycobacterium
      leprae.
AB  - Mice were immunized subcutaneously with killed Mycobacterium leprae in incomplete
      Freund's adjuvant and draining lymph nodes removed. Lymph node cells were
      propagated in vitro and cloned at limiting dilution in the presence of syngeneic
      accessory cells, antigen, and T-cell growth factor. Cloned T cells were
      restricted by the H-2I-A sublocus. In vitro interaction(s) of cloned T cells with
      accessory cells presenting M. leprae-derived determinants resulted in T-cell
      proliferation, interleukin secretion, and macrophage activation. The T cells were
      stimulated by killed M. leprae and M. bovis (strain BCG), but not Listeria
      monocytogenes, organisms indicating cross-reactivity between M. leprae and BCG at
      the clonal level. In vivo, cloned T cells induced protection against the
      "bystander" bacterium L. monocytogenes. These data suggest that the cloned M.
      leprae-reactive T cells are involved in acquired antimicrobial resistance.

PMID- 6362896
TI  - [New cytophysiologic systems of cell culture indispensable for the study of
      pathological processes].

PMID- 6362897
TI  - [Ontogenesis of cortical responses to acoustic stimulation (experimental findings
      in mammals)].

PMID- 6362898
TI  - [Regulatory mechanisms of glycogen synthesis in the liver].

PMID- 6362899
TI  - [Immunodiagnosis of glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 6362900
TI  - [History of the postgraduate education of physicians employed in the National
      Health Administration in Czechoslovakia before 1938].

PMID- 6362901
TI  - Increased glucose uptake precedes hyperinsulinemia in awake endotoxemic minipigs.
AB  - The role of hyperinsulinemia in the development of hypoglycemia was evaluated in
      awake Yucatan minipigs. Eight adult minipigs were fitted with jugular, portal,
      and hepatic vein and carotid artery catheters, and hepatic artery and portal vein
      flow cuffs for determination of transhepatic kinetics and insulin secretion.
      Three days later they were infused with E. coli endotoxin at 15 micrograms/kg/hr.
      Transient hyperinsulinemia was preceded by an elevation of the rate of glucose
      uptake (Rd) determined from [6-3H] glucose-specific activity. This finding
      suggested that hyperinsulinemia might be caused by, and then be contributory to,
      increased Rd. If an increase in glucose uptake was also experienced by pancreatic
      beta-cells, the existing glycemic state could be overestimated and an
      inappropriate insulin release elicited.

PMID- 6362902
TI  - Metabolic clearance rate of ketone bodies in dogs following Escherichia coli
      endotoxin administration.
AB  - The metabolic clearance rates of ketone bodies were determined in anesthetized
      dogs following the intravenous administration of either Escherichia coli
      endotoxin or saline, in order to examine the influence of endotoxin on the
      efficiency of peripheral ketone body removal. A nonisotopic method was employed
      for these studies consisting of a stepwise infusion of beta-hydroxybutyrate at
      three different rates. At each infusion rate, a steady-state arterial
      concentration was reached, at which time the rate of appearance of ketone bodies
      equaled their removal rates. Rates of infusion were plotted against the steady
      state arterial concentrations, and the reciprocal of the slope of this linear
      relationship represented the metabolic clearance rate. Administration of
      endotoxin did not alter the metabolic clearance rate of ketone bodies. The uptake
      of ketone bodies by the thigh muscles was also unaffected by endotoxin
      administration. It is concluded, that E. coli endotoxin does not influence the
      efficiency of peripheral ketone body removal.

PMID- 6362903
TI  - RES uptake of red blood cell stroma: time course of effects on phagocytic
      function and susceptibility to endotoxin shock.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated that the injection of red blood cell (RBC)
      stroma to simulate the reticuloendothelial system (RES) uptake of RBC debris
      following intravascular hemolysis causes an acute depression in RES phagocytic
      function and an increase in shock susceptibility. The present study evaluated the
      time course of these changes. Initial studies demonstrated that the uptake of
      iodinated RBC stroma was followed by a decrease in the amount of radioactivity
      present in the liver between 30 and 60 min after injection. This was associated
      with an increase in free label in the circulation, indicating an active
      deiodination of the stroma. Phagocytic function was depressed at 30 min after
      injection of RBC stroma, but had returned to control by 60 min. Susceptibility to
      endotoxin shock was increased when endotoxin was injected 30 min, 1 hr, 3 hr, or
      6 hr but not 24 hr after the RBC stroma. The increased mortality with endotoxin
      shock was shown not to be due to depletion of complement by the RBC stroma. This
      study demonstrated that over the period of recovery of RES phagocytic function
      following the ingestion of RBC stroma there is metabolism (deiodination) of the
      particulate material. Additionally, susceptibility to endotoxin shock is
      increased for a longer period of time than the depression of phagocytic function.

PMID- 6362904
TI  - Antidipsogenic effect of endotoxin in the rat.
AB  - Escherichia coli LPS (640-1280 mcg/Kg, intravenously) showed a powerful, dose
      dependent and long-lasting inhibitory effect on drinking behavior stimulated by
      48 h water deprivation, subcutaneous injection of isoprenaline (33.3 mcg/Kg) and
      intracerebroventricular injection of hypertonic NaCl (2.9%) solution, carbachol
      (250 ng) and angiotensin II (100 ng). The antidipsogenic effect was neither a
      consequence of behavioral alterations, nor due to endotoxin peripheral
      vasodilating activity. Naloxone (60-120-240 mcg/Kg, subcutaneously) did not
      influence endotoxin inhibition of water intake, thus ruling out an endorphin
      mediated effect. When prostaglandin synthesis was inhibited, the effect of
      endotoxin was reduced. Since prostaglandins do not seem to be involved in the
      regulation of thirst, the mechanism of the antidipsogenic effect elicited by
      endotoxin needs further study.

PMID- 6362905
TI  - Reversal by naloxone of the antihypertensive action of clonidine: involvement of
      the sympathetic nervous system.
AB  - The effects of clonidine, naloxone, and their combination on arterial blood
      pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and hemodynamic and biochemical parameters were
      examined in 29 patients with essential hypertension. Treatment for 3 days with
      0.3 mg/day clonidine reduced BP and HR, and these effects were quickly reversed
      by a single injection of 0.4 mg iv naloxone in 17 of the patients (responders),
      but not in the remaining 12 (nonresponders). Responders had higher control values
      for cardiac output, stroke index, plasma renin activity (PRA), and plasma
      epinephrine levels than did nonresponders. Basal BP was similar in the two
      groups, but clonidine decreased BP, PRA, and plasma epinephrine more in
      responders than in nonresponders. Naloxone given during placebo treatment had no
      significant effects. During clonidine treatment naloxone increased BP, HR, total
      peripheral resistance, PRA, and plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine, and
      decreased stroke volume in responders, whereas in nonresponders its only effect
      was a small increase in HR. It is concluded that in a subset of hyperadrenergic,
      hypertensive patients the antihypertensive effect of clonidine involves a
      naloxone-reversible inhibition of central sympathetic outflow, probably mediated
      by the release of an endogenous opioid.

PMID- 6362906
TI  - Sodium susceptibility and potassium effects in young patients with borderline
      hypertension.
AB  - To evaluate sodium susceptibility in subjects with borderline hypertension at
      increased risk of developing essential hypertension, the effect of salt loading
      after sodium deprivation with a diuretic was studied in 21 young patients with
      borderline hypertension and 12 age-matched normal subjects. Treatment with a
      diuretic caused significant decreases in mean blood pressure (MBP) in subjects
      with borderline hypertension but not in normotensive subjects. In borderline
      hypertensives, the subsequent sodium loads resulted in a significant rise in MBP
      (5.8 +/- 1.7%; p less than .01), but sodium did not change MBP in normotensives.
      There is a good correlation between the increments in MBP with sodium loads and
      the decrements in MBP with a diuretic for each patient (r = -.759, p less than
      .001). After diuretics, cardiac index (CI) as measured echocardiographically fell
      significantly but calculated total peripheral resistance (TPR) remained unchanged
      in subjects with borderline hypertension. After 180 meq sodium chloride each day
      was added for 7 days, CI (9.1 +/- 2.1%; p less than .01) and stroke index (21.0
      +/- 3.4%; p less than .01) rose significantly but TPR remained unchanged.
      Overall, the increments of MBP with sodium loads did not correlate with the
      changes in CI but did correlate with the changes in TPR (r = .567, p less than
      .01). In these young patients with borderline hypertension, plasma norepinephrine
      and epinephrine concentrations and plasma renin activity (PRA) were significantly
      higher than in normotensive subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6362907
TI  - Coronary thrombolysis with intravenously administered human tissue-type
      plasminogen activator produced by recombinant DNA technology.
AB  - Coronary thrombolysis was induced by intravenous infusion of human tissue-type
      plasminogen activator (recombinant human t-PA or rt-PA) obtained by expression of
      the cloned gene in a mammalian cell system. Thrombolysis was detected by the
      appearance of reperfusion arrhythmia and confirmed by repeat angiography in
      anesthetized dogs with 1-hr-old thrombi of the left anterior descending coronary
      artery that were induced with a copper coil. Infusion of 1000 IU (10
      micrograms)/kg/min intravenous rt-PA (n = 9) elicited reperfusion within 13.7 +/-
      1.9 min (mean +/- SE) without producing systemic fibrinolysis or distal coronary
      embolization. Infusion of urokinase at the same rate elicited thrombolysis in
      seven of 10 dogs within an average of 19.3 +/- 2.2 min. However, distal coronary
      embolization occurred in two dogs and systemic fibrinolysis was observed in all.
      In three dogs treated with urokinase thrombolysis was obtained only with
      subsequent intracoronary infusion. Restoration of myocardial perfusion and
      metabolism assessed with positron-emission tomography was consistently noted in
      dogs treated with rt-PA. Thus, rt-PA, a clot-selective thrombolytic agent that
      does not activate the fibrinolytic system systemically and that is potentially
      available in large quantities, in view of its synthesis by recombinant DNA
      technology, offers a promising practical approach for coronary thrombolysis in
      patients with acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6362909
TI  - Instrumentation.

PMID- 6362908
TI  - Platelet reactivity in vivo in dogs with arterial prostheses seeded with
      endothelial cells.
AB  - This study was designed to assess platelet activity in vivo with vascular
      prostheses seeded with endothelial cells to determine the time course for
      development of thromboresistance and to test the ability of prostheses to produce
      prostacyclin. Sixteen dogs were randomly allocated to receive seeded
      (experimental group) or unseeded (control group) velour Dacron aortic prostheses.
      Serial measurements of platelet survival were performed to assess platelet
      interaction with prostheses in vivo, and platelet serotonin was monitored as an
      index of platelet release in vivo. After placement of prostheses, dogs in the
      experimental group had rapid normalization of platelet survival, with most having
      normal platelet survival at 4 to 8 weeks after surgery. In contrast, most control
      animals had reduced platelet survival throughout the 12 week period of study.
      Significant differences between groups in mean platelet survival were noted at 8
      weeks after surgery (p less than .005) and in mean platelet serotonin at 12 weeks
      after surgery (p less than .05). Luminal surface production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha
      from seeded prostheses was similar to aortic production and significantly greater
      (p less than .05) than that of control prostheses. Gross thrombus was present on
      6.0 +/- 3.4% of the prosthetic surface in experimental animals in comparison to
      26.6 +/- 19.2% in controls (p less than .005). The results of these studies
      document accelerated nonreactivity with platelets of seeded prostheses due to
      rapid coverage with endothelium possessing a normal ability to produce
      prostacyclin.

PMID- 6362910
TI  - Direct solid-phase fluoroenzymeimmunoassay of 5 beta-pregnane-3 alpha, 20 alpha
      diol-3 alpha-glucuronide in urine.
AB  - A competitive solid-phase fluoroenzymeimmunoassay has been developed for rapidly
      measuring 5 beta-pregnane-3 alpha, 20 alpha-diol-3 alpha-glucuronide (Pd-3G)
      directly in diluted specimens of pre-breakfast urine. The assay involves use of
      an antiserum to Pd-3G and enzyme-labeled antigen prepared by chemically linking
      glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) to Pd-3G. Antibody-bound and free
      antigen are separated by use of a solid-phase double antibody: sheep anti-rabbit
      gamma-globulin coupled to cellulose particles. The solid phase, isolated by
      centrifugation, is washed free of labeled antigen and endogenous enzyme
      interferences. Enzyme activity in the bound fraction is then measured
      fluorometrically with glucose 6-phosphate as the substrate and generated NADPH as
      a fluorogenic indicator of enzyme activity. The assay is sufficiently sensitive
      (30-35 pg per assay tube), specific, and reliable for routine use, and results
      correlate well (r = 0.98) with those by an established specific radioimmunoassay.
      Because it is suited to routine use, this assay may be applied to detecting
      ovulation, assessing the function of corpus luteum, and monitoring early
      pregnancy.

PMID- 6362911
TI  - A new succinylcholine-based assay of plasma cholinesterase.
AB  - We describe a new method for measuring the in vitro rate of hydrolysis of the
      muscle relaxant succinylcholine. This substrate is hydrolyzed by plasma
      cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8). The resulting choline is determined by measuring the
      hydrogen peroxide formed on its oxidation by choline oxidase (EC 1.1.3.17). This
      is done by use of phenol and aminoantipyrine coupled to peroxidase, and yields an
      intense chromophore, Amax 500 nm. The assay requires 0.1 mL of plasma, and is
      precise and specific. The CV was 2.7% within run, 7.3% between run. For the usual
      (U variant) enzyme the Km is 53 mumol/L. Enzyme activity is removed by
      anticholinesterase antiserum, and is inhibited by dibucaine with a Ki of 2
      mumol/L. Ten samples can be assayed in duplicate in an hour. This method is
      suited to routine use in any laboratory that has a simple spectrophotometer. The
      mean activity in 11 individuals with the cholinesterase phenotype UU was 105 U/L,
      for seven UA heterozygotes 61 U/L, and for three AA homozygotes 4 U/L. To the
      extent allowed by extrapolation from in vitro to in vivo results, this method
      should increase diagnostic accuracy and may directly predict duration of
      succinylcholine-induced apnea.

PMID- 6362912
TI  - Roche RIA and Abbott EIA carcinoembryonic antigen assays compared.
AB  - We have evaluated Roche Diagnostics' RIA-CEA and Abbott Diagnostics' EIA-CEA
      methods for precision, normal reference interval, concordance, and correlation of
      malignant disease with increase in carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in plasma. In
      examining concordance, we used data on 138 patients with primary carcinomas of
      the breast, colon, lung, or pancreas, each further classified by extent of
      dissemination. We find the two methods to be comparably precise. The respective
      upper reference limits of normal for the Roche and Abbott methods were determined
      to be 5.0 micrograms/L and 4.6 micrograms/L. The regression equation for a log
      transformation of the 177 data points is y = 0.966x + 0.03, where x = Roche and y
      = Abbott, with a correlation coefficient of 0.948. According to the criteria we
      used, the concordance was 78.7%. The largest discordance was observed in widely
      disseminated disease states and in cancers of the colon and pancreas. Paired data
      analysis of discordance indicated greater increases in apparent CEA by the Abbott
      method in most colon cancers with liver involvement; six of the eight discordant
      pancreatic cancers had higher Roche-CEA values. CEA heterogeneity and the role of
      the liver in CEA metabolism appear to contribute to the observed differences. We
      show why the two methods should not be used interchangeably, and that baseline
      values for CEA must be established for each method.

PMID- 6362913
TI  - Continuous-flow determination of primary bile acids, by bioluminescence, with use
      of nylon-immobilized bacterial enzymes.
AB  - We describe a continuous-flow bioluminescence method for measuring primary bile
      acid in serum, with nylon as the solid support. 7 alpha-Hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1. 159), a bacterial luciferase (EC 1.14.14.3), and
      NAD+:FMN oxido-reductase (EC 1.6.8.1) are covalently co-immobilized on a nylon
      coil (1 m X 1.0 mm i.d.). The assay is highly specific for 7 alpha-hydroxy bile
      acids. Other bile acids and steroids do not interfere. The continuous-flow light
      emitting system, in which the reactor (nylon coil) is placed in front of a
      photomultiplier tube inside a luminometer, is versatile and simple. The flow is
      air-segmented, and serum samples (5-50 microL) can be injected directly.
      Concentration and response are linearly related from 10 to 2500 pmol per assay
      tube. The precision of the method is satisfactory (CV 5-10%), both inter- and
      intra-assay. We validated the technique by comparing results with those by RIA,
      enzyme immunoassay, and "high-performance" liquid chromatography. More than 20
      samples an hour can be analyzed, with no carryover. The nylon-immobilized enzymes
      are stable for more than two months, and greater than 500 samples can be analyzed
      with use of a few milligrams of enzymes. Normal values for bile acid content of
      serum ranged from 1 to 2.5 mumol/L, in agreement with those obtained by other
      methods.

PMID- 6362914
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent microassay and hemagglutination compared for
      detection of thyroglobulin and thyroid microsomal autoantibodies.
AB  - We have evaluated for their potential use in the routine clinical laboratory
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for human thyroglobulin antibodies
      (hTg-Ab) and microsomal antibodies (M-Ab). Results are expressed in terms of an
      "ELISA Index," based on comparison with a laboratory standard. The specificity of
      both ELISA assays is shown by dose-dependent inhibition of the hTg-Ab and M-Ab
      activities of the laboratory standards by the appropriate specific antigens.
      Similar concentrations of ovalbumin had no significant effect on the standard
      activity in both assays. For consecutive samples evaluated for hTg-Ab (n = 113)
      and M-Ab (n = 106) by ELISA and hemagglutination, rank order analysis of the
      results showed a highly significant correlation between the methods (r = 0.81, p
      = less than 0.001 for hTg-Ab; r = 0.82, p = less than 0.001 for M-Ab). However,
      8/47 (17%) of samples positive in the hTg-Ab ELISA were negative by
      hemagglutination, and 7/69 (12%) of samples positive in the M-Ab ELISA were
      negative by hemagglutination. We effectively excluded the possibility of false
      positivity of these specimens by ELISA by blocking specimen positivity with the
      specific antigens in 12 of 14 specimens investigated. We conclude that ELISA
      techniques for human thyroid autoantibodies are sensitive and specific, easy to
      initiate, objective, and capable of use in large-scale screening. They are
      superior to standard hemagglutination techniques by having an increased detection
      rate for hTg-Ab and M-Ab.

PMID- 6362915
TI  - Adaptation of EMIT reagents to the Cobas Bio centrifugal analyzer.
AB  - Our adaptation of EMIT enzyme immunoassay reagents to the Cobas Bio centrifugal
      analyzer avoids the decrease in precision at the upper end of the therapeutic
      range reported in other adaptations. Long-term (12-month) CVs for lidocaine,
      valproic acid, and tobramycin were 5% or less; for quinidine, acetaminophen, and
      phenytoin, long-term CVs ranged from 7.2% to 8.6%.

PMID- 6362916
TI  - On the stability of EMIT assay curves: contradictory observations.

PMID- 6362917
TI  - Effect of deproteinization on determination of serum digoxin by fluorescence
      polarization immunoassay.

PMID- 6362918
TI  - Use of inorganic salts to minimize serum interference in a sandwich enzyme
      immunoassay for human growth hormone using Fab'-horseradish peroxidase conjugate.
AB  - In a sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for human growth hormone (hGH) with anti
      hGH Fab'-peroxidase conjugate, the effects of inorganic salts on serum
      interference were examined, and serum interference was eliminated by incubation
      of serum samples with anti-hGH IgG-coated polystyrene balls in the presence of
      0.4 mol/l NaCl, avoiding the need for hGH-free serum. The sensitivity for hGH was
      60 fg/tube or 3 ng/l of serum. No cross-reaction was observed with prolactin,
      chorionic gonadotropin or luteinizing, thyroid-stimulating and follicle
      stimulating hormones. The coefficients of within-assay and between-assay
      variations were 2.8-6.5% and 4.8-8.7%, respectively. The regression equation and
      correlation coefficient to radioimmunoassay (RIA) were y(EIA) = 0.89x(RIA) + 0.11
      and 0.98 (n = 100), respectively. hGH levels in normal male and female adult
      serum taken between 9:00 and 10:00 a.m. after overnight fasting and 1 h rest were
      312 ng/l (range 53-940 ng/l; n = 10) and 662 ng/l (112-2195 ng/l; n = 13),
      respectively.

PMID- 6362919
TI  - A computerised enzyme immunosensor: application for the determination of
      antigens.
AB  - The present report gives preliminary results of a new sensitive method for the
      amperometric determination of antigens in serum. This method, developed from the
      biological model 'hepatitis B surface antigen antibodies' is less time-consuming
      than most immunochemical techniques, and eliminates many inconveniences arising
      from use of isotopes. Specific antibodies immobilised onto a gelatin membrane are
      applied in a solid phase 'sandwich' procedure. The antibodies are labelled with
      glucose oxidase. The measurement consists of an immunological process and an
      enzymatic reaction. The second part is carried out by fixing the active membrane
      onto a pO2 electrode. The sensor is immersed in a standard glucose solution and a
      signal is obtained by measuring the consumption of oxygen due to the enzyme
      reaction. This response is correlated to the antigen concentration of the sample.
      It is a function of both the diffusional and the reactional characteristics of
      the active layer. Under software conditions, the signal is sampled when the
      stationary state is obtained. The difference between initial signal and the
      stationary state signal is measured and compared with the pre-set calibration
      curve. Use of the computerised enzyme immunosensor could easily be extended to
      assay of other antigens and haptens that are usually determined by
      radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 6362920
TI  - Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina: decreased ornithine aminotransferase
      concentration in cultured skin fibroblasts from patients.
AB  - A sensitive and convenient radioisotopic assay for ornithine aminotransferase
      (OAT) and an enzyme immunoassay for human ornithine aminotransferase were
      developed for studying decrease in activity of this enzyme in gyrate atrophy of
      the choroid and retina with hyperornithinemia. Picogram amounts of human OAT
      could be detected by the enzyme immunoassay. The OAT activity in cultured
      fibroblasts from two patients was 6% and 2% of that in control fibroblasts, and
      did not increase on addition of a high concentration of vitamin B6. The decreased
      activity, assayed by enzyme immunoassay, was associated with decreased enzyme
      concentration, suggesting that deficiency of OAT in these patients is not due to
      production of a structurally altered enzyme lacking catalytic activity, but to
      decreased production of enzyme protein. When cells from patients were repeatedly
      subcultured, selective loss of both the activity and concentration of OAT was
      observed, without changes in activities of several other enzymes tested.

PMID- 6362921
TI  - Selenium in human urine: concentration levels and medical implications.
AB  - Selenium concentration values for human urine samples are presented, and the
      literature on the chemical species of the element in urine is critically
      reviewed. Daily excretion levels in healthy persons and in pathological or
      experimental conditions are compiled. Medical implications and the significance
      of urinary selenium determination in assessing the selenium status in man are
      discussed.

PMID- 6362922
TI  - The validation of a fluoroimmunoassay for the determination of theophylline
      concentration in dried blood spots suitable for domiciliary therapeutic drug
      monitoring.
AB  - A commercially available substrate-labelled fluorescent immunoassay procedure has
      been modified to create a simple rapid method for the determination of capillary
      theophylline concentration in the dried filter paper blood spots of patients on
      theophylline therapy. The specimens are collected and dispatched to the
      laboratory by the patient; thus domiciliary monitoring of theophylline therapy
      can take place. The technique offers a convenient method for overcoming many of
      the practical problems that arise during theophylline therapy in asthmatic
      patients.

PMID- 6362923
TI  - Proteolytic capacities of cystic fibrosis and control fibroblasts towards Tamm
      Horsfall glycoprotein.
AB  - 125I-labelled Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein was incubated at pH 5.0 and pH 7.4 with
      homogenates of cultured fibroblasts from cystic fibrosis patients and controls in
      order to compare the total proteolytic capacities of these cells. No significant
      breakdown could be observed at pH 7.4. Protein degradation at pH 5.0 occurred at
      comparable rates in cells from patients and controls, with the possible exception
      of one cystic fibrosis line. Therefore, a decreased proteolytic capacity cannot
      be a general cellular characteristic of cystic fibrosis. Though occurrence of
      heterogeneity cannot be excluded, the exception probably represents just random
      variation.

PMID- 6362924
TI  - Human erythrocyte insulin receptors in normal male and female subjects.
AB  - Human red blood cells (RBC) have been shown to have highly specific insulin
      receptors. We have studied the binding characteristics of insulin to these
      receptors in erythrocytes from normal male and female subjects on their usual
      diet and physical activity. There were no significant differences in insulin
      binding in erythrocytes from females between the two phases of the menstrual
      cycle. However, the receptor concentration was higher in the 2nd half of the
      cycle accompanied by a reduction in affinity. Binding curves of 125-I-insulin to
      RBC from males were higher than females in either phases of the menstrual cycle,
      primarily due to an increase in receptor concentration when compared to females
      in the follicular phase and mediated by an increased affinity at low receptor
      occupancy when compared to females in the luteal phase. We speculated that the
      differences in the binding characteristics of 125I-insulin to RBC insulin
      receptors are mediated by differences in the levels of sex hormones.

PMID- 6362926
TI  - Calcitonin and postmenopausal osteoporosis.
AB  - Fasting serum calcitonin levels were measured in 54 postmenopausal women who had
      for 10 years been taking part in a double blind trial to assess the effect of the
      synthetic oestrogen, mestranol, on postmenopausal bone loss. There were no
      differences in calcitonin levels between mestranol treated and placebo groups.
      Fifteen of the women were challenged with a calcium infusion to measure the
      secretory reserve of calcitonin. Oestrogen treatment did not increase the
      calcitonin response to calcium infusion. The three patients who exhibited the
      greatest responses were placebo treated. Bone density was measured by gamma-ray
      absorptiometry over the ten year period and the annual rate of change of bone
      density calculated. No correlation could be found between basal calcitonin level
      or calcitonin reserve and change in bone density. Our results indicate that
      postmenopausal osteoporosis is not caused by a deficiency of calcitonin and that
      the action of oestrogen therapy to prevent bone loss does not involve calcitonin.

PMID- 6362925
TI  - Relations between immunoreactive somatomedin C, insulin and T3 patterns during
      fasting in obese subjects.
AB  - Plasma glucose, immunoreactive somatomedin-C (Sm-C), GH, insulin (IRI) and T3
      were measured daily in 20 obese subjects before and during a 9-day fast. Control
      levels of Sm-C were normal and exhibited no significant correlation with any of
      the other parameters investigated. During fasting there were no consistent
      variations in GH, but significant decreases occurred in blood glucose, IRI, T3
      and Sm-C levels. While individual Sm-C patterns varied widely, as a group the
      fasting Sm-C values showed a positive correlation with the fasting IRI and T3
      levels, and with control body weight. These findings suggest that the decrease in
      Sm-C which occurs during caloric deprivation may be the result of concomitant
      decreases occurring in T3 and IRI levels.

PMID- 6362927
TI  - The Langerhans cell: from gold to glitter.

PMID- 6362928
TI  - Mixed lichen planus-lupus erythematosus disease: a distinct entity? Clinical,
      histopathological and immunopathological studies in six patients.

PMID- 6362929
TI  - Prosser-White oration. Then and now.

PMID- 6362930
TI  - Circulating basement membrane zone antibodies in eczema.

PMID- 6362931
TI  - Antibody to streptococcal cell wall peptidoglycan-polysaccharide polymers in
      seropositive and seronegative rheumatic disease.
AB  - An ELISA has been developed for serum antibodies to streptococcal cell wall
      peptidoglycan-polysaccharide polymers (PG-GSP). A significantly increased
      prevalence of serum anti-PG-GSP antibody was found in juvenile chronic arthritis
      and both seropositive and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA), compared with
      ankylosing spondylitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, myeloma and healthy
      controls. Anti-PG-GSP antibody was always of the IgG class and there was no
      correlation of anti-PG-GSP levels with C reactive protein, rheumatoid factor (RF)
      or anti-streptolysin O titres. There was no direct cross-reaction of RF with PG
      GSP, nor did the presence of IgM-RF significantly interfere with the assay.
      Examination of paired serum and synovial fluid samples offered no evidence for
      local production of anti-PG-GSP antibody in synovial tissue. These data are
      compatible with an increased systemic immunization by bacterial fragments in RA.

PMID- 6362932
TI  - Low T lymphocyte responsiveness to Mycobacterium leprae antigens in association
      with HLA-DR3.
AB  - The type of leprosy which develops after infection with Mycobacterium leprae is
      influenced by the presence or absence of HLA-DR3, as has been demonstrated in an
      ethnic group originating from Surinam. In the present study we investigated in
      this same ethnic group the role of HLA-DR, and of HLA-DR3 in particular, in
      monocyte-T cell interactions during leprosy specific proliferative responses in
      vitro. HLA-DR3 heterozygous T cells from tuberculoid leprosy patients were
      cultured with antigen and either HLA-DR3 positive or HLA-DR3 negative homozygous
      HLA-DR compatible allogeneic monocytes as antigen presenting cells (APCs). T cell
      proliferative responses with DR3 homozygous monocytes as APCs, were observed to
      be decreased as compared to T cell proliferative responses with DR3 negative
      homozygous monocytes as APCs. Furthermore, although the leprosy specific monocyte
      T cell interactions were shown to be restricted for HLA-DR, in the anti-MLW-1
      response HLA-DR3 appeared to function as a restricting element poorly or not at
      all. These observations may imply, that an in vitro correlate has been found for
      an (HLA associated) genetic control of leprosy in vivo.

PMID- 6362933
TI  - Complement-dependent killing of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infective larvae by
      rat alveolar macrophages.
AB  - Histopathological studies have provided circumstantial evidence that helminth
      parasite destruction occurs in the lung; however controlled in vitro studies on
      the helminthocidal activity of lung cells have not been reported. This study
      presents evidence that Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection in the rat induces
      alterations in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) cell numbers, differential counts,
      and in vitro helminthocidal activity. Normal, uninfected rats yielded 3.3 +/- 0.6
      X 10(6) BAL cells/rat, consisting predominantly of alveolar macrophages (greater
      than 90%). However on days 2-8 post-infection there was a 1.5-2.4-fold increase
      in BAL cell numbers with a significant neutrophilia on day 2 and a significant
      increase in the absolute number of all cell types on day 8. On day 32 post
      infection, BAL cell numbers had returned to control levels. Normal BAL cells
      neither adhered to nor killed N. brasiliensis infective larvae (L3) in the
      presence of rat complement. By contrast BAL cells recovered from infected rats on
      days, 2, 8 or 32 post-infection (D2, D8 and D32 BAL cells, respectively) adhered
      under similar conditions. However, only D8 and D32 BAL cells killed L3. This
      complement-dependent killing correlated with significantly increased numbers of
      C3 receptor bearing alveolar macrophages in D8 and D32 BAL cells. Complement
      dependent alveolar macrophage helminthocidal activity may therefore play an
      important role in lung resistance against resident or migrating helminths.

PMID- 6362934
TI  - Antibody to intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton in the sera of patients
      with acute malaria.
AB  - Sera from 78 patients with acute malaria were tested for antibodies to
      intermediate filaments (IFs) by indirect immunofluorescence. Eighty-two per cent
      of the sera contained antibody which stained the IFs in human fetal skin
      fibroblasts and/or HEp2 cells. In contrast, only 8% of sera taken from blood
      donors gave weak positive staining of IFs and no staining was observed with 42
      myeloma sera which were also tested as controls. In most cases autoantibodies
      were of the IgM class. Erythrocytes parasitized with Plasmodium falciparum failed
      to stain when reacted with non-malarial anti-IF antibody positive serum.

PMID- 6362935
TI  - Glucocorticoid inhibitory action on the response to PHA of residual circulatory
      lymphocytes in renal transplant patients following immunosuppressive therapy.
AB  - The inhibitory effect of glucocorticoids on the in vitro response to
      phytohaemagglutinin of the residual circulating T lymphocytes in renal transplant
      patients during maintenance immunosuppressive therapy with glucocorticosteroids
      and azathioprine has been investigated. As in normal subjects, the steroid
      induced inhibition of transplanted patients' lymphocyte response was inversely
      correlated with the mitogen concentration used. On the other hand, the response
      of the various lymphocyte preparations from transplanted patients appeared less
      inhibited by steroids than the corresponding preparations from normal subjects.
      The addition to the culture of the adherent cell product interleukin 1 was
      effective in removing to a similar extent the steroid inhibitory effect on
      lymphocytes from normal and transplanted subjects. Thus, the lesser inhibitory
      effect of glucocorticoids on transplanted patient lymphocytes could be explained
      by the higher percentages of monocytes present in all peripheral blood
      mononuclear cell preparations. These results suggest that during
      immunosuppressive therapy with glucocorticoids and azathioprine the residual
      circulating lymphocytes have a responsiveness to in vitro dexamethasone
      suppression similar to that of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes.

PMID- 6362936
TI  - Anti-lymphocyte autoantibodies in lethal mouse malaria and their absence in an
      irradiation-induced non-lethal variant.

PMID- 6362937
TI  - Autoantibodies against Leydig cells in patients after spermatic cord torsion.
AB  - This study is aimed at searching for the presence of circulating antibodies
      against frozen sections of human testis, ovary and trophoblast in patients that
      had spermatic cord torsion. Sixty-eight sera samples were studied. Nine patients
      (13.2%) were positive for organ specific anti-testis autoantibodies. Six patients
      were positive for antibodies against Leydig cells: five were positive only with
      the indirect immunofluorescence technique of complement fixing (ITT/CF), the
      sixth patient was positive only with the indirect immunofluorescence technique
      (ITT). The other three patients were positive for antibodies against germ line
      cells: two patients were positive with both techniques, the third was positive
      only with indirect immunofluorescence technique. Eight of these patients were
      negative for antibodies against adrenal cortex while only one case was positive
      with indirect immunofluorescence technique both on adrenal cortex and Leydig
      cells. Human lyophilized testis absorbed the reactive antibodies against Leydig
      cells and germ line cells, while adrenal cortex and lyophilized testosterone were
      ineffective. This study shows the identification of a specific antibody against
      Leydig cells and germ line cells in patients after spermatic cord torsion.

PMID- 6362939
TI  - The phenotype of lymphocytes in a thymoma as studied with monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - In a thymoma, with lymphocytic predominance, we characterized the lymphocytes
      using a battery of monoclonal antibodies. The T lymphocytes had a phenotype most
      characteristic of cortical thymocytes (T3+, T4+, T6+, T8+, T11+, TdT+, PNA+).

PMID- 6362938
TI  - Phenotypic characterization in situ of inflammatory cells in allergic and
      irritant contact dermatitis in man.
AB  - The cellular response in allergic and irritant contact dermatitis was analysed in
      situ with an immunohistochemical double staining technique. Allergic patch test
      reactions were elicited in 10 patients and irritant reactions in eight cases,
      using the Finn chamber technique. Skin biopsies were obtained 6-72 h after test
      applications. Frozen sections of 43 biopsies were investigated by simultaneous
      staining with rabbit anti-HLA-DR antibodies and various mouse monoclonal
      antibodies. The cell infiltrates were usually larger in the allergic than in the
      irritant reactions. However, the kinetics of the cell responses, the phenotypes
      of the inflammatory cells, their distribution and spatial relationships were
      similar. It thus appears that the applications of allergens or irritants to the
      skin generates a cell pattern that to a large extent reflects an immunological
      readiness for further immune reactions.

PMID- 6362940
TI  - Factors influencing susceptibility of LEW rats to Heymann nephritis.
AB  - Although most LEW rats develop the proteinuria of Heymann nephritis (HN) within 2
      months after immunization with Fx1A, protein excretion of some animals remains
      normal. We have compared nonproteinuric rats with those that developed HN in
      order to identify factors that influence susceptibility to immunologically
      medicated kidney disease. In the primary response to Fx1A, immunofluorescence
      tests showed that antibrush border titers in serum and immunoglobulin deposition
      in vivo were similar in all rats. However, complement was detected only in rats
      with proteinuria. Reimmunization with Fx1A at 30 weeks stimulated anamnestic
      antibody responses in all rats. Following reimmunization, 60% of nonproteinuric
      rats developed severe HN with an unusually rapid (1 week) onset. Once again,
      complement was present only in glomeruli of rats with proteinuria. It appears
      that titers of antibodies to brush border, measured by immunofluorescence tests,
      are not an index of the pathogenicity of the immune response to Fx1A.
      Immunological memory, leading to rapid expression of autoimmune disease upon
      reexposure to antigen, can be established by a primary immunization that does not
      produce clinical symptoms. Abnormal urine protein composition may provide a clue
      to subclinical immunopathology of the kidney.

PMID- 6362941
TI  - Assessment of valvular heart disease by Doppler echocardiography.
AB  - Doppler echocardiography provides direct hemodynamic data that are often
      complementary to those demonstrated by M-mode and two-dimensional
      echocardiographic imaging. This relatively new noninvasive technique has a number
      of important uses in patients with valvular heart disease. In both adults and
      children, Doppler measures of peak flow velocity through a stenotic valve allow
      accurate prediction of the pressure gradient across the valve, and the technique
      has particular promise for screening patients with suspected aortic or pulmonic
      stenosis. In patients with mitral stenosis but parasternal short-axis images of
      limited quality, Doppler velocity measures can provide novel data about the
      pressure gradient and mitral orifice area. Doppler techniques can also provide
      direct evidence for or against the presence of valvular regurgitation, and
      several approaches allow clinically useful estimation of the extent of aortic,
      mitral, or tricuspid regurgitation. In patients with known disease of one cardiac
      valve, Doppler is accurate for evaluating the integrity of a second valve.
      Finally, Doppler techniques have great promise for defining the nature, and
      perhaps the severity, of suspected prosthetic valve malfunction. Hence, we
      believe that Doppler echocardiography should become a routine part of the
      noninvasive evaluation of patients with known or suspected valvular heart
      disease.

PMID- 6362942
TI  - Urinary tract disease in pregnancy.

PMID- 6362944
TI  - Growth and maturation of mandibular bone in otherwise totally immobilized rhesus
      monkeys.
AB  - The effects of 14 days of total postcranial body immobilization (in plaster
      casts) on the mineralization rate and on the maturation of matrix and mineral
      moieties in the rhesus jaw were studied by tetracycline labeling and by density
      gradient methods, respectively. Immobilization did not alter the rates of
      periosteal and endosteal mineralization in the dense cortical bone from the
      lingular region of the jaw, but it did impair mineralization in osteonal bone.
      Osteons that continued to show radial closure did so at a normal rate. In the
      more trabecular cortex (premolar region) in young monkeys (3-6 kg body weight),
      immobilization impaired bone mineralization, as shown by lower ratios of calcium
      and inorganic phosphorus to hydroxyproline (Ca/HO-Pr;Pi/HO-Pr), and it reduced
      the rate at which the newly formed bone and mineral moieties matured. In older
      monkeys (6-10 kg body weight) immobilization did not alter Ca/HO-Pr and Pi/HO-Pr
      ratios or impair tissue maturation. These changes tended to normalize within 7 to
      14 days after decasting.

PMID- 6362943
TI  - The effect of counselling on physical disability and social recovery after
      mastectomy.
AB  - A controlled trial was conducted to determine if a specialist nurse improved the
      physical and social recovery of patients after mastectomy and helped them adapt
      to the breast loss. Seventy five patients were counselled by the nurse who also
      monitored their progress after discharge while 77 patients received the care
      normally given by the surgical unit. Twelve to eighteen months after surgery
      those helped by the nurse showed a greater social recovery, return to work,
      adaptation to breast loss and satisfaction with their breast prostheses. Eleven
      percent remained distressed by the mastectomy but most responded well to breast
      reconstruction. The nurse had little impact on physical disability. The morbidity
      found in the control group highlights the need to find ways of reducing it. While
      the appointment of a specialist nurse can achieve this the morbidity would
      probably also be much reduced if the breast was conserved when possible, reliable
      staging methods other than axillary clearance were developed and the adverse
      effects of cytotoxic drugs and radiotherapy were reduced.

PMID- 6362945
TI  - The role of cellular interactions in joint erosions.
AB  - Maintenance of the normal integrity of articular cartilage is due to a balance
      between the synthesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix. This balance
      is maintained as a result of the anabolic and catabolic activities of the
      indigenous cells, the chondrocytes. It is becoming understood that the metabolic
      activity of the chondrocytes can be modified by certain intercellular messengers.
      To date, two such intercellular messengers have been recognized and partially
      characterized: the interleukins and the catabolins. These messengers are probably
      part of a much wider family of proteins that function in the control of
      connective tissue structure in general. In terms of the arthritic diseases, the
      catabolins seem likely to play a role in the early stages of chondrocyte-mediated
      matrix degradation in osteoarthritis, (OA), while in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
      the catabolins, probably coming from the fibroblastic cells of the synovium, and
      the interleukins, probably originating from the inflammatory cells of the pannus,
      may work in association with extrinsic proteinases secreted by a number of
      component cells of the inflammatory synovium. Recognition of the role of
      intercellular messengers in both the physiology and pathology of articular
      tissues provides new and exciting possibilities in pharmacodynamic systems for
      prevention of joint damage.

PMID- 6362946
TI  - The biology of macrophages in osteopetrosis. Structure and function.
AB  - Osteoclasts from ia rats are present in excessive numbers, contain an excessive
      amount of the lysosomal enzyme acid phosphatase, and show reduced-bone-resorptive
      function due to lack of ruffled borders. Given the current theory of a
      mononuclear phagocytic cell origin for osteoclasts, it was anticipated that the
      presence or absence of similarities between macrophages of both phenotypes might
      address the relatedness of these two cells. Thus, peritoneal macrophages from
      littermate normal and incisors-absent (ia) osteopetrotic rats were examined for
      differences in structure, acid phosphatase content, and phagocytic activity. The
      results of this investigation did not reveal any significant differences in these
      parameters in mutants compared with normal littermates. From these data it is
      suggested that macrophages are distinct, differentiated cells with functions
      separate from those of osteoclasts but that they may be related through a common
      stem cell early in development. Use of more immature cells or monocyte
      subpopulations may represent better choices for future studies of defects within
      the mononuclear phagocyte system in the ia mutation.

PMID- 6362948
TI  - The classic. On the treatment of anchylosis, by the formation of artificial
      joints. By J. Rhea Barton. 1827.

PMID- 6362947
TI  - Reaction of the human tibia to bone wax.
AB  - In 12 patients treated by elevation of the tibial tubercle, bone wax was used to
      prevent bleeding from the cut surface. Biopsy specimens of the tissues obtained
      at the time of removal of the screws, five to 13 months after the operation,
      showed a definite foreign body giant cell reaction. Giant cells endocytosed bone
      wax from the site. The giant cell response culminated in a marked fibrous
      reaction.

PMID- 6362949
TI  - [Activities of folate-derivative converting enzymes in the brain of patients with
      amyotrophic lateral sclerosis].

PMID- 6362951
TI  - Clinical pharmacokinetics of verapamil.
AB  - Verapamil is widely used in the treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias as
      well as for hypertension and control of symptoms in angina pectoris. Unlike other
      calcium antagonists, detailed pharmacokinetic data are available for verapamil.
      Plasma concentrations of verapamil appear to correlate with both
      electrophysiological and haemodynamic activity after either intravenous or oral
      drug administration, although considerable intra- and intersubject variation has
      been found in the intensity of pharmacological effects resulting at specific
      plasma drug levels. Verapamil is widely distributed throughout body tissues;
      animal studies suggest that drug distribution to target organs and tissues is
      different with parenteral administration from that found after oral
      administration. The drug is eliminated by hepatic metabolism, with excretion of
      inactive products in the urine and/or faeces. An N-demethylated metabolite,
      norverapamil, has been shown to have a fraction of the vasodilator effect of the
      parent compound in in vitro studies. After intravenous administration, the
      systemic clearance of verapamil appears to approach liver blood flow. The high
      hepatic extraction results in low systemic bioavailability (20%) after oral drug
      administration. Multicompartmental kinetics are observed after single doses;
      accumulation occurs during multiple-dose oral administration with an associated
      decrease in apparent oral clearance. Norverapamil plasma concentrations
      approximate those of verapamil following single or multiple oral doses of the
      parent drug. Because of the complex pharmacokinetics associated with multiple
      dose administration and the variation in individual patient responsiveness to the
      drug, 'standard' dosing recommendations are difficult to determine; use of
      verapamil must be titrated to a clinical end-point. Further, the potential for
      alteration in verapamil's disposition by the presence of hepatic dysfunction or
      cardiovascular disorders which result in altered hepatic blood flow is only now
      becoming apparent. A potentially toxic interaction has been reported between
      verapamil and digoxin, in which renal excretion of the glycoside is impaired, but
      the true clinical significance of this remains debatable. Combination therapy
      with verapamil and beta-adrenoceptor blocking compounds has been advocated by
      some investigators, but may be hazardous because of the additive negative
      inotropic and chronotropic effects inherent in both agents.

PMID- 6362954
TI  - A case of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis septicemia accompanied by a large abdominal
      tumor.
AB  - A 2-year-old girl with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis septicemia had a large
      abdominal mass that had to be differentiated from malignant tumor. The mass
      disappeared rapidly with antibiotic therapy and was defined to be a cluster of
      enlarged ileocecal lymph nodes by the clinical course and the findings at
      ultrasonic examination and Gallium scintigraphy.

PMID- 6362950
TI  - First-pass elimination. Basic concepts and clinical consequences.
AB  - First-pass elimination takes place when a drug is metabolised between its site of
      administration and the site of sampling for measurement of drug concentration.
      Clinically, first-pass metabolism is important when the fraction of the dose
      administered that escapes metabolism is small and variable. The liver is usually
      assumed to be the major site of first-pass metabolism of a drug administered
      orally, but other potential sites are the gastrointestinal tract, blood, vascular
      endothelium, lungs, and the arm from which venous samples are taken.
      Bioavailability, defined as the ratio of the areas under the blood concentration
      time curves, after extra- and intravascular drug administration (corrected for
      dosage if necessary), is often used as a measure of the extent of first-pass
      metabolism. When several sites of first-pass metabolism are in series, the
      bioavailability is the product of the fractions of drug entering the tissue that
      escape loss at each site. The extent of first-pass metabolism in the liver and
      intestinal wall depends on a number of physiological factors. The major factors
      are enzyme activity, plasma protein and blood cell binding, and gastrointestinal
      motility. Models that describe the dependence of bioavailability on changes in
      these physiological variables have been developed for drugs subject to first-pass
      metabolism only in the liver. Two that have been applied widely are the 'well
      stirred' and 'parallel tube' models. Discrimination between the 2 models may be
      performed under linear conditions in which all pharmacokinetic parameters are
      independent of concentration and time. The predictions of the models are similar
      when bioavailability is large but differ dramatically when bioavailability is
      small. The 'parallel tube' model always predicts a much greater change in
      bioavailability than the 'well-stirred' model for a given change in drug
      metabolising enzyme activity, blood flow, or fraction of drug unbound. Many
      clinically important drugs undergo considerable first-pass metabolism after an
      oral dose. Drugs in this category include alprenolol, amitriptyline,
      dihydroergotamine, 5-fluorouracil, hydralazine, isoprenaline (isoproterenol),
      lignocaine (lidocaine), lorcainide, pethidine (meperidine), mercaptopurine,
      metoprolol, morphine, neostigmine, nifedipine, pentazocine and propranolol. One
      major therapeutic implication of extensive first-pass metabolism is that much
      larger oral doses than intravenous doses are required to achieve equivalent
      plasma concentrations. For some drugs, extensive first-pass metabolism precludes
      their use as oral agents (e. g. lignocaine, naloxone and glyceryl
      trinitrate).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6362955
TI  - Theophylline metabolism: variation and genetics.
AB  - Variation of theophylline metabolism in 54 healthy, nonmedicated adults (13
      monozygotic [MZ] twin pairs, 11 dizygotic [DZ] twin pairs, and 6 single
      individuals) was assessed by kinetic study. Elimination rate constant, clearance
      (Cl), t1/2, and apparent volume of distribution, as well as urine excretion of
      unchanged theophylline and of the three major metabolites (1-methyluric acid, 3
      methyl-xanthine, and 1,3-dimethyluric acid) were studied. Smokers and men had
      increased theophylline elimination rates compared to nonsmokers and women.
      Identical (MZ) twins resembled each other more closely than nonidentical (DZ)
      twins in the various kinetic parameters, but mean intrapair differences between
      MZ and DZ twins for all but one of the serum and urinary parameters examined
      (including t1/2) were not statistically significant. Correspondingly, estimates
      of heritability and of intrapair correlation coefficients showed a smaller
      contribution of genetic factors to variation in theophylline metabolism than had
      been reported for other drugs investigated by twin studies. Nevertheless, in the
      family of the individual with the longest theophylline t1/2, the operation of a
      rare major gene retarding theophylline metabolism could not be excluded. A father
      and two out of four children had very slow Cls. This finding would be consistent
      with, but does not prove, monogenic inheritance.

PMID- 6362956
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.

PMID- 6362952
TI  - Drug therapy in patients undergoing haemodialysis. Clinical pharmacokinetic
      considerations.
AB  - Haemodialysis is utilised therapeutically as supportive treatment for end-stage
      renal disease (ESRD). In conjunction with haemodialysis therapy, ESRD patients
      frequently receive a large number of drugs to treat a multitude of intercurrent
      conditions. Because of the impaired renal function in ESRD patients, dosage
      reduction is often recommended to avoid adverse drug reactions, particularly for
      drugs and active metabolites with extensive renal excretion. On the other hand,
      if the removal of a drug by haemodialysis during concomitant drug therapy is
      significant, a dosage supplement would be required to ensure adequate therapeutic
      efficacy. Knowledge of the impact of haemodialysis on the elimination of specific
      drugs is therefore essential to the rational design of the dosage regimen in
      patients undergoing haemodialysis. This review addresses the clinical
      pharmacokinetic aspects of drug therapy in haemodialysis patients and considers:
      (a) the effects of ESRD on the general pharmacokinetics of drugs; (b) dialysis
      clearance and its impact on drug and metabolite elimination; (c) the definition
      of dialysability and the criteria for evaluation of drug dialysability; (d)
      pharmacokinetic parameters which are useful in the prediction of drug
      dialysability; and (e) the application of pharmacokinetic principles to the
      adjustment of dosage regimens in haemodialysis patients. Finally, drugs commonly
      associated with haemodialysis therapy are tabulated with updated pharmacokinetics
      and dialysability information.

PMID- 6362957
TI  - Release of active and inactive kallikrein from the isolated perfused rat kidney.
AB  - The release of kallikrein into the perfusate and urine of the isolated perfused
      rat kidney was studied. Comparison between enzymic and immunological assays for
      kallikrein demonstrated the presence of an enzymically inactive form of
      kallikrein. Of kallikrein found in normal rat urine 77 +/- 4% is active and 23%
      is in an inactive form. In the isolated perfused rat kidney a similar proportion
      of active kallikrein (84%) was excreted into the urine but very little
      enzymically active kallikrein (2%) could be detected in the perfusate. However,
      significant amounts of enzymically inactive but immunologically reactive
      kallikrein could be found in the kidney perfusate. The rate of release of
      kallikrein into the perfusate was approximately one-fifth of the rate of release
      into the urine. Renin showed a similar pattern of release into the perfusate and
      urine but the lysosomal enzyme marker acid phosphatase was not detectable. These
      results show that kallikrein is secreted from the kidney into the circulation as
      well as being excreted in the urine. However, in urine the enzyme is
      predominantly in an enzymically active form whereas it is secreted into the
      circulation in an inactive form.

PMID- 6362953
TI  - Drug interferences with plasma assays in therapeutic drug monitoring.
AB  - In this article, many of the reports which describe the various assay procedures
      for 8 of the most commonly monitored drugs in plasma (digoxin, gentamicin,
      phenobarbitone, phenytoin, procainamide, quinidine, salicylates and theophylline)
      are reviewed, together with studies dealing with interferences of other drugs
      with these assays. Factors which are evaluated include whether the interference
      was studied when the drug was taken by a patient or a volunteer or by adding it
      to serum in vitro, the concentration or dose of the interfering drug (when
      reported), and the clinical implications of the interference. Suggestions as to
      how to eliminate some of these potential sources of interference are made.

PMID- 6362958
TI  - Calcium antagonists and hormone release.

PMID- 6362959
TI  - The effect of a reduced sodium intake on post-renal transplantation hypertension
      in rats.
AB  - In an experimental model of post-renal transplantation hypertension in rats, we
      studied the effect of a reduction of sodium intake on the development of this
      type of hypertension. Systolic blood pressure, plasma renin concentration and
      renal function were measured regularly in recipients of an allogeneic kidney
      transplant that had previously undergone active immunological enhancement.
      Transplant recipients on a normal diet showed a rise in systolic blood pressure
      during the second week after transplantation. The systolic blood pressure of
      recipients on a low sodium diet remained normotensive throughout the 15 weeks
      follow-up period. The plasma renin concentration was low in the hypertensive
      recipients on a normal diet, as compared with unilaterally nephrectomized
      controls. Although the plasma renin concentration of recipients on a low sodium
      diet fell below that of unilaterally nephrectomized controls on a low sodium
      diet, it was higher than that of recipients on a normal diet. The renal function
      of transplant recipients was greatly reduced compared with that of control rats.
      The glomerular filtration rate was reduced to a greater extent than the effective
      renal plasma flow. In a separate experiment it was revealed that a similar
      reduction in the glomerular filtration rate of kidneys permanently damaged by
      temporary ischaemia did not result in an increase in the systolic blood pressure.
      Survival up to 6 weeks after transplantation was the same for both groups of
      recipients. Recipients on a low sodium diet, however, showed a better 15 weeks
      survival, probably owing to the absence of hypertension in this group.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6362960
TI  - Captopril enhances vascular and adrenal responsiveness to angiotensin II in
      essential hypertension.
AB  - The converting-enzyme inhibitor captopril (25-50 mg orally every 6 h for 66 h)
      was used to dissociate the circulating levels of angiotensin II (ANG II) from
      changes in sodium balance in 11 patients with normal renin essential hypertension
      on 10 mmol of sodium/day intake. Pressor, renal vascular and adrenal responses to
      graded infusions of ANG II (0.3, 1 and 3 pmol kg-1 min-1) were measured before
      and after captopril administration. Systemic vascular responses were assessed by
      measuring diastolic blood pressure (DBP), renovascular responses by measuring p
      aminohippurate (PAH) clearance and adrenal responses by measuring plasma
      aldosterone. After receiving captopril for 66 h the hypertensive subjects showed
      a significantly (P less than 0.004) enhanced blood pressure response to the
      infused ANG II but not to noradrenaline when compared with the response before
      captopril. ANG II (3 pmol kg-1 min-1) also produced a significantly (P less than
      0.03) greater reduction in PAH clearance after (-194 +/- 40 ml/min) compared with
      before (-104 +/- 15 ml/min) captopril. These results suggest that the
      responsiveness to ANG II in these two target tissues is determined by the
      circulating ANG II level. In the adrenal gland the aldosterone responses to ANG
      II also were significantly greater after (P less than 0.01) than before captopril
      (increment at 3 pmol kg-1 min-1: 660 +/- 88 vs 381 +/- 94 pmol/l). These results
      are in distinct contrast with the responses previously reported for normotensive
      subjects and support the hypothesis that the regulation of aldosterone secretion
      is altered in subjects with essential hypertension.

PMID- 6362961
TI  - The mechanism of action of guar gum in improving glucose tolerance in man.
AB  - Experiments were carried out in human volunteers to investigate the mechanism by
      which guar gum improves glucose tolerance. Guar reduced both plasma glucose and
      insulin responses to an oral glucose load, and delayed gastric emptying. However,
      there was no correlation between changes in individual blood glucose responses
      and changes in gastric emptying rates induced by guar. With a steady-state
      perfusion technique, glucose absorption was found to be significantly reduced
      during perfusion of the jejunum with solutions containing guar, but returned to
      control values during subsequent guar-free perfusions. Preperfusing the intestine
      with guar did not affect electrical measurements of unstirred layer thickness in
      the human jejunum in vivo. Experiments in vitro established that glucose
      diffusion out of a guar/glucose mixture was delayed under conditions of constant
      stirring. We conclude that guar improves glucose tolerance predominantly by
      reducing glucose absorption in the small intestine. It probably does this by
      inhibiting the effects of intestinal motility on fluid convection.

PMID- 6362962
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of a new choleretic administered in normal and high doses to
      patients with chronic hepatocholecytopathies].

PMID- 6362963
TI  - [Use of a feprazone-bromhexine combination in acute and chronic
      bronchopneumopathies].

PMID- 6362964
TI  - [A therapeutic approach to obviate the damage induced by hyperinsulinism in
      insulin-dependent diabetic patients].

PMID- 6362965
TI  - [Results of the therapeutic use of ferritin alone or in combination with coenzyme
      B12 and folinic acid in the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia. Controlled
      study].

PMID- 6362966
TI  - [Renal tubular acidosis. Nosologic classification and therapeutic approach].

PMID- 6362967
TI  - [Use of diclofenac sodium in renal colic].

PMID- 6362968
TI  - [Therapeutic efficacy of the parenteral administration of cefoxitin in severe
      acute bacterial infections in the adult. Further clinical studies conducted in a
      department of internal medicine].

PMID- 6362969
TI  - [Acebutolol in arterial hypertension: clinical evaluation].

PMID- 6362970
TI  - [Notes on the pathogenesis and therapy of arterial hypertension in patients with
      chronic uremia in dialytic treatment].

PMID- 6362971
TI  - The clinical and pathologic spectrum of multiple myeloma.

PMID- 6362972
TI  - The composition of animal cells: solutes contributing to osmotic pressure and
      charge balance.
AB  - The cytoplasmic solutes of vertebrates and invertebrates, other than Na, K and
      Cl, are surveyed in relation to their influence on ionic regulation through
      osmolality and charge balance. The most abundant include MgATP, phosphagens,
      amino acids, various other nitrogen and phosphorus compounds and sometimes
      anaerobic end products and antifreeze agents. Differences in muscle osmolality,
      e.g. between marine and non-marine animals, affect mainly nitrogenous solutes of
      no net charge, such as certain amino acids, taurine, betaine, trimethylamine
      oxide and urea. The high osmolality of axoplasm in marine invertebrates is due
      more to anions such as aspartate, glutamate and isethionate.

PMID- 6362973
TI  - Skin lipids.

PMID- 6362974
TI  - Isolation and characterization of fibrinogenase from western diamondback
      rattlesnake venom and its comparison to the thrombin-like enzyme, crotalase.
AB  - A new type of fibrinogenase was isolated from the venom of the western
      diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox). Unlike thrombin, the newly isolated
      fibrinogenase did not cause formation of a fibrin clot. Various properties of the
      fibrinogenase we isolated were compared with crotalase isolated from the venom of
      C. adamanteus. It was found that fibrinogenase has considerable similarity to
      crotalase isolated by Markland and Damus in 1971. Crotalase is a thrombin-like
      enzyme and produces a fibrin clot from fibrinogen. The A alpha chain of
      fibrinogen was first split and the B beta chain was cleaved later. The fact that
      no fibrin clot forms indicates that the cleavage sites in A alpha and B beta
      chains of fibrinogen must be different from thrombin sites. The fibrinogenase
      also released bradykinin by interacting with plasma proteins. It hydrolyzed TAME
      (p-toluenesulfonyl-L-arginine methyl ester), BAEE (N-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl
      ester). TLME (N-tosyllysine methyl ester) but not BAA (N-benzoylarginine amide),
      TAA (N-tosylarginineamide) or ATEE (N-acetyltyrosine ethyl ester). The enzyme is
      an acidic protein with pI of 4.6 and a mol. wt of 31,000. It consists of 272
      total amino acid residues, 21% of which are acidic amino acids. Fibrinogenase is
      a specific form of protease. A newly liberated amino group after hydrolysis of
      dimethyl-casein can be detected by the reagent trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid
      (TNBS). Fibrinogenase differs from trypsin as the soybean trypsin inhibitor does
      not inhibit the enzyme's action.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6362975
TI  - Fibronectin in evolution: presence in invertebrates and isolation from Microciona
      prolifera.
AB  - Fibronectin is found in the tissues of a series of vertebrates and invertebrates
      which suggests its appearance with the simplest multicellular organisms.
      Fibronectin is specifically localized on the surface and on the substrate in the
      immediate vicinity of some, but not all, dissociated Microciona prolifera cells,
      suggesting that the expression of fibronectin in this organism might be dependent
      on cell type and/or developmental stage. Fibronectin has been partially purified
      and characterized from intact Microciona prolifera tissue on the basis of its
      immunological and biochemical properties.

PMID- 6362976
TI  - Alkali-extraction of membranes from mouse erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium
      berghei.
AB  - Alkali-extracted membrane material from hypotonically lysed Plasmodium berghei
      infected mouse erythrocytes has been analyzed by dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis and fractionated by discontinuous sucrose gradient
      centrifugation. Components characteristic for the protein pattern associated with
      P. berghei infection have been recovered in the alkali-extracted material.
      Parasite components, free of host cell membrane contamination, have been obtained
      as a high-density fraction from sucrose gradients. This fraction is characterized
      by polypeptides with apparent molecular weight of 71,000 and 52,000.

PMID- 6362977
TI  - Analysis of interactions between treatments applied concurrently onto biological
      systems.
AB  - A program, written in BASIC, has been developed to analyse results of experiments
      studying individual and combined effect of two treatments (physical or chemical)
      on a biological system. Analysis is done in regard to: (1) level of significance
      selected for statistical test; (2) number of data available; (3) expected
      combined effect of treatments resulting from addition which is computed using an
      original formula; (4) experimental hypothesis tested. Using this program we have
      determined that there is a highly significant synergism between ampicillin
      (antibiotic) and amprolium (antiparasitic drug) to reduce the growth of some
      enteric bacterial strains which have a plasmidic resistance to ampicillin. Other
      applications are suggested.

PMID- 6362978
TI  - Generator program for computer-assisted instruction: MACGEN. A software tool for
      generating computer-assisted instructional texts.
AB  - This publication describes MACGEN, an interactive development tool to assist
      teachers to create, modify and extend case simulations, tutorial exercises and
      multiple-choice question tests designed for computer-aided instruction. The menu
      driven software provides full authoring facilities for text files in MACAID
      format by means of interactive editing. Authors are prompted for items which they
      might want to change whereas all user-independent items are provided
      automatically. Optional default values and explanatory messages are available
      with every prompt. Errors are corrected automatically or commented upon. Thus the
      program eliminates the need to familiarize with a new language or details of the
      text file structure. The options for modification of existing text files include
      display, renumbering of frames and a line-oriented editor. The resulting text
      files can be interpreted by the MACAID driver without further changes. The text
      file is held as ASCII records and as such is also accessible with many standard
      word-processing systems if desired.

PMID- 6362979
TI  - Computer applications in education and training: taking that first byte. The
      process.

PMID- 6362980
TI  - Computer applications in education and training: taking that first byte. An
      overview of the field.

PMID- 6362981
TI  - Determination of the hyperparameters of a prior probability model in survival
      analysis.
AB  - This paper outlines the mathematical theory required for eliciting the
      hyperparameters of a subjective conjugate distribution for the exponential
      survival model with censoring. The technique involves the quantification of
      expert knowledge based on determination by the expert of expected fractiles of a
      survival distribution in a particular clinical trial setting. Once the prior
      predictive distribution is determined and the fractiles elicited one can proceed,
      using iterative techniques, to solve for the hyperparameters. The restrictions
      and constraints of the hyperparameters as well as the fractiles are studied. The
      theory is then applied in a clinical trial setting.

PMID- 6362983
TI  - Medical applications of NMR spectroscopy. I. Clinical applications of phosphorus
      31 NMR.

PMID- 6362982
TI  - The folding of chromatin.

PMID- 6362984
TI  - The design of automated analysis machines.
AB  - Since the introduction of the first automatic chemical analysis machine 25 years
      ago, development has progressed rapidly and a wide range of machines are now
      available. The original machines were constrained by the available analytical
      techniques, but later developments in methodology have permitted much more
      latitude. There are four main groups of machines and these differ markedly in
      operating principles. In addition there are many unclassifiable devices which
      have been developed for special purposes. The principles underlying the design of
      the machines are discussed, and as far as possible an account is given of the
      steps in development which led to their modern form. The principles of fluid
      flow, which govern the operation of many of these machines, are considered in
      some detail. Proposals are made regarding the areas in which new development is
      possible and desirable in the hope of encouraging further work in this field.

PMID- 6362985
TI  - Visual illusions affecting perception of the roentgen image.
AB  - The common denominator of any roentgenographic study is the ability of the
      radiologist to interpret the image on the film. We are aware that the makeup of
      that image is a composite of the shadows of all the structures through which the
      roentgen beam passes. Less well appreciated, however, is a variety of illusory
      phenomena which results from overlapping shadows, differences in background
      illumination, and subjective contour formation. The result is a variety of false
      images which exists in the "mind's eye" only and may be misinterpreted as
      significant pathologic abnormalities. The three most common causes of illusory
      phenomena are Mach bands, background density effect, and subjective contours.
      These are all related and are derived from the process of lateral inhibition. It
      is important for radiologists to recognize these phenomena in order to avoid
      their pitfalls. This paper will describe these phenomena and will review previous
      work on perception.

PMID- 6362986
TI  - Peripancreatic lymph node enlargement in Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma, and pancreatic carcinoma.
AB  - The distribution of enlarged lymph nodes in the upper abdomen and retroperitoneum
      were classified according to their relationship to the pancreas in 47 patients
      with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; in nine patients with Hodgkin's disease; and in 40
      patients with pancreatic carcinoma. Four patterns of lymph node enlargement were
      evident: (1) preaortic retropancreatic lymphadenopathy; (2) pancreaticosplenic
      lymphadenopathy; (3) isolated celiac and/or portal lymphadenopathy; and (4)
      diffuse extensive lymphadenopathy. Features differentiating lymphoma from primary
      pancreatic neoplasm are discussed.

PMID- 6362987
TI  - Computed tomography diagnosis of right aortic arch with an aberrant left
      innominate artery.
AB  - A patient whose chest computed tomography scan demonstrated a right-sided aortic
      arch with an aberrant retroesophageal left innominate artery is reported. There
      have been only isolated case reports of this developmental variation of the arch
      and great vessels. The demonstration of this anomaly by computed tomography
      scanning has never been previously reported.

PMID- 6362988
TI  - Words of power: personal empowerment and healing.
AB  - This paper examines instances of ritual use of words in a diverse selection of
      alternative healing groups in a modern society. These words are distinguished by
      their users' belief that they are endowed with a power, an effectiveness,
      separate from and in addition to their literal meaning. Three specific features
      of ritual language contribute to its effectiveness: (1) its function as an
      objectification of power, (2) its transformative functions--especially its
      metaphoric and metonymic usages, and (3) its performative aspects. This paper
      argues that one of the key factors in healing illness is mobilizing resources of
      power, especially enhancing the ill person's sense of personal empowerment.
      Ritual language use in alternative healing is one of the foremost elements in
      this empowerment, because it both represents and objectifies power. Within a
      belief system in which they are significant, words of power indeed have the power
      to effect healing.

PMID- 6362989
TI  - The evolution of witchcraft and the meaning of healing in colonial Andean
      society.
AB  - This paper explores the ways in which traditional beliefs of Andean peoples
      regarding health and sickness were transformed by the process of Spanish
      colonization. It also examines how the colonial context devolved new meanings and
      powers on native curers. The analysis of these transformations in Andean systems
      of meanings and role structures relating to healing depends on an examination of
      the European witchcraze of the 16th-17th centuries. The Spanish conquest of the
      Inca empire in the mid-1500's coincided with the European witch hunts; it is
      argued that the latter formed the cultural lens through which the Spanish
      evaluated native religion--the matrix through which Andean concepts of disease
      and health were expressed--as well as native curers. Andean religion was
      condemned as heresy and curers were condemned as witches. Traditional Andean
      cosmology was antithetical to 16th century European beliefs in the struggle
      between god and the devil, between loyal Christians and the Satan's followers.
      Consequently, European concepts of disease and health based on the power of
      witches, Satan's adherents, to cause harm and cure were alien to pre-Columbian
      Andean thought. Ironically European concepts of Satan and the supposed powers of
      witches began to graft themselves onto the world view of Andean peoples. The
      ensuing dialectic of ideas as well as the creation of new healers/witches forged
      during the imposition of colonial rule form the crux of this analysis.

PMID- 6362990
TI  - [Biological tests on laboratory animals to determine the pathogenicity of strains
      of Candida albicans isolated from patients with mycotic denture stomatitis].

PMID- 6362991
TI  - [The alveolar trabeculae in the jaw remnants of prehistoric Slavs found in the
      cremation vaults of the Lausitz culture. I].

PMID- 6362992
TI  - [Serologic reactions with Candida albicans in mycotic denture stomatitis].

PMID- 6362993
TI  - [The alveolar trabeculae of the mandible and periodontal disease in pre-historic
      Slavs. II].

PMID- 6362994
TI  - [Trials using the skin prick test with Candida antigen in the diagnosis of
      mycotic denture stomatitis].

PMID- 6362995
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of Evicrol composite filling materials].

PMID- 6362996
TI  - [Osteogenic capacity of heterotopic bone marrow grafts].

PMID- 6362997
TI  - Diffuse pulmonary interstitial fibrosis. Evidence of humoral antibody mediated
      pathogenesis.
AB  - Immunochemical studies of post-mortem lung tissue from a patient suffering from
      diffuse pulmonary interstitial fibrosis were conducted. Identifiable deposition
      of IgG on the alveolar septa was noted by immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescein
      methods. The antemortem serum obtained from the patient showed high affinity
      immunologic binding to normal human lung tissue. An antibody-antigen reaction was
      also detectable by microcomplement fixation procedure with buffer extracts of
      normal lung tissue, while normal pooled serum showed no significant reaction.
      These findings, in addition to the gross, light microscopic, and electron
      microscopic observations, strongly suggest that a humoral antibody mediated
      reaction is one of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms eliciting the
      morphologically and clinically observable manifestations of diffuse interstitial
      pulmonary fibrosis.

PMID- 6362998
TI  - Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea with continuous nasal airflow delivered
      through nasal prongs.
AB  - We describe a new device for treating obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) which is
      similar to nasal CPAP, but less cumbersome. The device consists of a 7 mm
      diameter flexible tube terminating at one end in nasal prongs covered with foam
      cylinders. The foam cylinders are compressed, inserted into the nostrils and
      released, forming a tight seal. The other end of the catheter is attached to a
      compressor delivering between 7 and 15 L/min of air. We studied four men and two
      women with OSA, the first night without treatment and the following night with
      continuous nasal airflow. A desaturation index was calculated by multiplying the
      average number of desaturation episodes per hour of sleep times the average
      maximum desaturation per episode. With continuous nasal airflow there was a
      significant decrease in all parameters (p less than .025). We conclude that
      continuous nasal airflow decreased oxyhemoglobin desaturation in patients with
      OSA and may be useful in patients with mild-to-moderate OSA and in patients who
      do not tolerate nasal CPAP.

PMID- 6362999
TI  - Effect of postoperative intermittent positive pressure breathing on lung
      function.
AB  - Thirty patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy were randomly assigned to two
      groups. Fifteen patients received postoperative intermittent positive pressure
      breathing (IPPB) for four days together with physiotherapy while the other 15 had
      the same postoperative care but without IPPB. Vital capacity (VC), functional
      residual capacity (FRC) and PO2 were measured preoperatively and on days 0, 1, 3,
      and 5 postoperatively. The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications
      utilizing chest x-ray films, sputum analysis, temperature, and clinical
      assessment was determined. Both groups had significant deterioration in pulmonary
      function but did not differ except for a greater depression in VC in the IPPB
      group (p less than .05). In patients receiving postoperative physiotherapy, the
      addition of IPPB did not usually result in improved pulmonary function.

PMID- 6363000
TI  - Advances in the evaluation and management of chronic cardiac failure.

PMID- 6363001
TI  - The clinical value of pharmacologic bronchoprovocation challenge.

PMID- 6363002
TI  - Use of profound hypothermia and circulatory arrest for the calcified aorta.
AB  - This case report discusses one method of dealing with the extensively calcified
      aorta in patients undergoing open heart surgery. Profound hypothermia and
      circulatory arrest was used in a patient undergoing aortic valve replacement with
      severe calcification of the ascending aorta and transverse arch. This patient
      recovered from surgery and was discharged from the hospital with no neurologic
      deficits.

PMID- 6363003
TI  - Properties of brodimoprim as an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductases.
AB  - Based on both IC50 and Ki values, brodimoprim (BDP) was often found to be two- to
      threefold more effective than trimethoprim (TMP) against a great variety of
      different bacterial dihydrofolate reductases (DHFR). In all cases BDP was found
      to be a reversible, tight-binding inhibitor. The higher affinity for enzymes
      relatively insensitive to TMP, like those of Nocardia, which is paralleled by
      higher in vitro activity, may be therapeutically useful. BDP also often inhibited
      plasmid-coded, TMP-resistant DHFRs, as well as altered chromosomal TMP-resistant
      DHFRs at lower concentrations than TMP did, this property, however, being
      therapeutically irrelevant. A higher affinity was also observed for eucaryotic
      DHFRs, the specificity, however, remaining similar to that of TMP.

PMID- 6363004
TI  - [Magnetic retention of complete dentures on implants].

PMID- 6363005
TI  - [Pasteur; the man, his work].

PMID- 6363006
TI  - [Worms and dental caries in the thinking of 18th century dentists].

PMID- 6363007
TI  - [Therapeutic choices in the treatment of Class II].

PMID- 6363008
TI  - [Inflammation and the thinking of 18th century physiologists].

PMID- 6363009
TI  - [Lignum vitae: the panacea of the 16th century].

PMID- 6363010
TI  - [Muscular, musculo-cutaneous and cutaneous island flaps in the treatment of open
      fractures and weight-bearing].

PMID- 6363011
TI  - [Closed injuries of the biceps brachii].

PMID- 6363012
TI  - [Pathomorphology of intraosseous "cysts" in degenerative-deforming changes in the
      hip joint in the light of the literature].

PMID- 6363013
TI  - [Neurosurgical treatment possibilities in malignant pain].

PMID- 6363014
TI  - [Transduodenal, partial anterior pylorectomy: an alternative or an improvement?].

PMID- 6363015
TI  - [Stomach volvulus. A case report].

PMID- 6363016
TI  - [Role of intravenous digital angiography in the study of digestive circulatory
      insufficiency].

PMID- 6363017
TI  - Immunofluorescence measurement in a flow cytometer using low-power helium-neon
      laser excitation.
AB  - Helium-neon lasers are economical and efficient light sources; their utility in
      flow cytometry to date has been limited by the lack of fluorescent probes that
      can be excited at 633 nm. Allophycocyanin (APC), a highly fluorescent
      phycobiliprotein, can be used as an antibody label and has spectral
      characteristics suitable for use with He-Ne lasers; we undertook to resolve
      whether a low-power (7 mW) He-Ne laser could provide sufficient excitation to
      permit flow cytometric detection of APC-labeled antibodies on cell surfaces. We
      made an APC conjugate of monoclonal antibody 4F2, which reacts with an antigen
      abundant on the surfaces of activated human T-lymphocytes; APC-4F2 was used to
      stain blood mononuclear cells that had been cultured with and without
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Cells so stained were examined in a flow cytometer with
      orthogonal illumination at 633 nm from a 7 mW He-Ne laser; antibody-bearing cells
      were detectable by fluorescence emission above 665 nm. Cells from the same
      cultures were stained with fluorescein-labeled 4F2 antibody and examined in a
      flow cytometer with argon ion laser excitation at 488 nm. Percentages of antibody
      bearing cells determined from APC fluorescence and from fluorescein fluorescence
      were in good agreement. It thus appears that He-Ne lasers and APC-antibodies are
      usable for immunofluorescence measurements; the sensitivity attainable with this
      technique remains to be determined.

PMID- 6363018
TI  - Effects of urinary trypsin inhibitor on pancreatic enzymes and experimental acute
      pancreatitis.
AB  - Therapeutic effect and the mechanism of the action of human urinary trypsin
      inhibitor (MTI) on experimental acute pancreatitis were studied. MTI
      significantly increased survival rate of animals with experimental acute
      pancreatitis induced by the infusion of trypsin or phospholipase A2 into pancreas
      or by a closed duodenal loop. The efficacy of MTI on these types of pancreatitis
      were higher than those of aprotinin. Pancreatic enzymes were released from
      pancreatic slice by trypsin or phospholipase A2, and this release was inhibited
      by MTI. Further, these pancreatic enzymes caused a secondary release of enzymes
      from other pancreatic slice, suggesting that these enzymes injured pancreatic
      tissue and that a chain reaction of pancreatic enzyme activation may play an
      important role in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. MTI suppressed the
      secondary enzyme-induced pancreatic injury more strongly than aprotinin. These
      results suggest that MTI may suppress pathogenesis and development of
      pancreatitis by inhibiting the chain reaction of pancreatic enzyme activation.

PMID- 6363020
TI  - Effects of ethanol on cytoplasmic peptidases of the jejunal epithelial cell of
      the hamster.
AB  - Although ethanol has been reported to inhibit intestinal amino acid absorption
      and peptide hydrolysis by the brush border membrane (BBM) peptidases, its effect
      on other events of protein absorption (such as peptide hydrolysis by cytosol
      peptidases, absorption of peptides across the BBM, and translocation of amino
      acids across the basolaterial membrane) has not yet been reported. To obtain a
      better understanding of the overall effect of ethanol on intestinal protein
      absorption, in the present study we have investigated the influence of ethanol on
      the cytosol peptidases. In order to examine the activity of these enzymes,
      without the influence of brush border digestion and translocation of peptides,
      the present study was carried out in vitro using a preparation of cytosol
      peptidases. Results show that exposure of the enzymes to 1-5% (w/v) ethanol
      caused a dose-dependent inhibition of hydrolysis of L-leucylglycine (Leu-Gly),
      glycyl-L-tyrosine (Gly-Tyr), and L-phenylalanylglycine (Phe-Gly) by the cytosol
      peptidases. These inhibitions were completely reversible. Kinetic studies
      indicated that ethanol depressed the hydrolysis of Leu-Gly and Gly-Tyr by a mixed
      type of inhibition, in which the Vmax decreased and the Km increased. In the
      hydrolysis of Phe-Gly, two enzymes were involved, and ethanol depressed the Vmax
      of both, without affecting their Km. These findings suggest that ethanol alters
      only the catalytic center of both enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of Phe-Gly
      and alters both the catalytic center and the substrate binding site of the
      enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of Leu-Gly and Gly-Tyr. The results of this
      study together with those of our previous investigation on BBM peptidases
      indicate that ethanol interferes with the intestinal hydrolysis of peptides and,
      therefore, probably with the absorption of protein.

PMID- 6363019
TI  - Insulin's effect on bile flow and lipid excretion during euglycemia and
      hypoglycemia.
AB  - Mongrel dogs were prepared by cholecystectomy, ligation of the lesser pancreatic
      duct, and insertion of modified Thomas cannulas into the stomach and duodenum.
      When the dogs had recovered from surgery, studies were performed on them,
      conscious and unanesthetized after an overnight fast. The common bile duct was
      catheterized through the opened duodenal cannula for collection of hepatic bile.
      Bile flow was stabilized by the intravenous infusion of sodium taurocholate.
      After 2 hr of taurocholate infusion, insulin was added to the infusion and
      continued for the duration of the experiment. Glucose was administered
      intravenously during the first 120 min of insulin administration to maintain
      euglycemia; then the glucose was discontinued. The intravenous infusion of
      insulin during euglycemia maintained by glucose infusion caused a significant
      increase in bile flow and a decrease in bile salt concentration, but no change in
      bile salt output. There was a decrease in cholesterol concentration and output
      and in phospholipid concentration, but no significant change in phospholipid
      output. When glucose infusion was discontinued and hypoglycemia occurred, there
      was a further significant increase in bile flow, but no other change. These
      studies demonstrate that the choleretic action of insulin is not dependent upon
      hypoglycemia and that intravenously administered insulin may cause increased bile
      secretion without increase in serum glucagon concentration. These experiments
      also confirm that insulin choleresis may be associated with a decline in
      cholesterol output.

PMID- 6363021
TI  - The Netherlands' initial experience with NMR imaging.
AB  - A survey is provided of the first clinical results of NMR scanning with an
      experimental 0.14-Tesla resistive magnet system at Philips Medical Systems at
      Eindhoven. Between 1981 and 1983, 173 NMR examinations were performed on 43
      healthy volunteers and 130 patients. The patients had a large variety of
      abnormalities, making statistical analysis invalid. Therefore this presentation
      is limited to a description of the different aspects of NMR imaging. The
      advantages and disadvantages of NMR scanning are discussed.

PMID- 6363022
TI  - Respiratory tract fluids: analysis of content and contemporary use in
      understanding lung diseases.
AB  - Respiratory tract fluid, produced from an enormous area spanning the mucosa of
      the nose to the alveolar surface, is a complex mixture of serum transudate and
      locally secreted proteins and glycomucoproteins and of inflammatory and immune
      effector cells intermingled. Its analysis is important in understanding the
      pathogenesis of respiratory diseases and remains essential for the clinical
      diagnosis of most lung disorders. Many basic facts about the formation and
      composition of this fluid remain unknown, and little information exists about
      absorptive mechanisms along the airways. Respiratory fluid is not homogeneous but
      has unique regional characteristics that are becoming better appreciated as more
      selective sampling methods are devised. Above all, it is a dynamic substance in
      healthy airways and diseased ones, and any specimen is just a point-in-time
      sample that can change in composition, often making serial analysis and
      comparisons necessary. Nasal fluids currently have limited diagnostic application
      except in allergic rhinitis. Expectorant (sputum) telescopes fluid and cells from
      all areas and is not from a specific locale, so the trend is to retrieve more
      selective and regional specimens of airways fluids. Technology largely does not
      exist to collect area specimens, except for bronchoalveolar lavage, which
      generally samples the alveolar surface. Clearly, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
      analysis has been the favored way to characterize the peripheral air-spaces for
      the past 10 years or so, and most of this monograph has been devoted to normal
      data derived from lavage specimens and to a few examples of lung disease that
      reflect this burgeoning application. In many respects, results obtained from
      lavage fluid are virtually in catalogue form at present, and it remains to the
      future to know how some of the observations will help make diagnosis better or
      elucidate pathogenic mechanisms. Generally, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis
      has led to better concepts of immunopathology of many diseases and provided new
      ways to monitor the evolution of certain diseases, especially the diffuse
      interstitial lung disorders, but development of specific criteria for diagnosis
      has been less rewarding. However, certain patterns of lymphocyte-predominant
      alveolitis, suggesting sarcoidosis or hypersensitivity diseases, recognition of
      specific T lymphocyte defects and opportunistic microorganisms as in AIDS, and
      the use of microprobe electron analysis to identify cellular particulates all
      point to more precision of diagnosis. Alveolar proteinosis and histiocytosis X
      may be detected from lavage fluid components. The prospects are truly
      exciting.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6363023
TI  - Adaptive doses of MNNG efficiently induce a recA-trp gene fusion.
AB  - The recA gene product plays a critical role in the Escherichia coli SOS system.
      To facilitate studies of the regulation of the recA operon, we constructed a gene
      fusion between the recA operon and the Salmonella trp operon. This gene fusion
      closely mimics the behavior of the authentic recA operon in vivo. Using the gene
      fusion, we looked at the effect of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) on
      recA expression. In contrast to the expectations from previous work, we found
      that low (0.5 microgram/ml) adaptive doses of MNNG induce the recA-trp gene
      fusion as efficiently as other SOS inducers without inducing either lambda or phi
      80 prophages. These results are a clear example of the ability of some agents to
      induce a subset of the SOS-dependent operons. They force a reevaluation of many
      of the arguments that have led to the conclusion that the SOS and adaptive
      responses are completely independent.

PMID- 6363024
TI  - Organ-culture preservation of human corneas.
AB  - Human corneas were preserved up to 40 days in a modified tissue culture medium at
      31 degrees C. The corneal endothelium was examined by light microscopy before and
      after culture. After staining with trypan-blue the number of dead cells was
      counted and by swelling of the intercellular borders in a 1.8 per cent sucrose
      solution the cellular mosaic was observed. A loss of endothelial cells was found
      varying from 0-30 per cent. During culture the stroma increased considerably in
      thickness. Prior to transplantation the cornea was thinned during 24 h in culture
      medium containing 5 per cent Dextran T500. The combination of the organ culture
      procedure and the evaluation of the endothelium enables preservation of human
      corneas for at least 30 days. In addition the quality of the endothelium is
      guaranteed and the transport of corneas can be carried out at room temperature.

PMID- 6363025
TI  - Emotional stress and rejection, cause and effect.
AB  - Over the years we have noticed on more than one occasion a connection between
      rejection of a corneal graft and emotional stress. We considered this at first to
      be a coincidence. However, we have now seen 11 patients in whom an acute
      rejection occurred just after emotional stress. There appears to be a clear
      relationship between psychological stress and rejection.

PMID- 6363026
TI  - Donders lecture on 24.3.83 in Maastricht: biometrical studies of the eye and
      retinal detachment.

PMID- 6363027
TI  - [Use of fluorochromes with a phthalanhydride group for the cytochemical detection
      of proteins in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells].

PMID- 6363028
TI  - The therapy of anaphylactic shock.
AB  - Anaphylaxis is an acute, often life-threatening systemic reaction to mediators
      released by basophils and mast cells. Histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins,
      and other mediators are responsible for complex and varied reactions in man.
      Serious cardiovascular or pulmonary involvement can lead to death within minutes.
      Therapy depends on prompt recognition of the disease and rapid administration of
      epinephrine. Even in ideal clinical settings, response to therapy may be slow and
      a long resuscitation necessary. Antihistamines, glucocorticoids, intravascular
      volume expansion, sympathomimetics, bronchodilators, and controlled ventilation
      all may be necessary. Taking careful allergy histories; using enteral routes for
      drug administration when possible; observing patients, who have received
      injections for at least 20 minutes; and rapidly treating patients with
      epinephrine are the main means of reducing the incidence and mortality of this
      disease.

PMID- 6363029
TI  - Is isosorbide mononitrate better than the dinitrate?

PMID- 6363030
TI  - [Ixodes ricinus Spirochaeta: probable pathogen responsible for Herxheimer's
      acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans].

PMID- 6363031
TI  - [Serum antibodies against Ixodes ricinus Spirochaeta in acrodermatitis chronica
      atrophicans (Herxheimer)].
AB  - Using indirect immunofluorescence, IgG antibodies against the recently detected
      Ixodes-ricinus-spirochaeta, which causes erythema chronicum migrans could be
      demonstrated in all 21 persons with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. Titers
      were from 1 : 64 to 1 : 1024, specific IgM antibodies were demonstrable in only 5
      patients in a titer of 1 : 64. Even after treatment with penicillin high IgG
      antibody titers of up to 1 : 1024 were found. Fourfold decreases could be found
      only once for each IgG and IgM antibodies.l Serology indicates that
      acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans as well as erythema chronicum migrans is
      caused by the Ixodes-ricinus-spirocheta.

PMID- 6363032
TI  - [Splenomegaly yesterday and today].

PMID- 6363033
TI  - [Spirochete etiology of erythema chronicum migrans disease].
AB  - From ticks of the type Ixodes ricinus, 19 strains of a spirochete were isolated
      at three places of infection of erythema chronicum migrans disease. The
      spirochete was immunologically related to Borrelia duttoni, Treponema pallidum
      and Ixodes dammini spirochete, the causative organism of North American erythema
      chronicum migrans disease (Lyme disease). The isolated spirochete differed from
      the North American one in its reaction with monoclonal antibodies and possibly in
      its electronmicroscopic structure. A corresponding spirochete was isolated from
      the blood of a woman with erythema chronicum migrans. Of 39 patients with
      erythema chronicum migrans mostly treated with antibiotics 50% had increased IgG
      antibody titre (1:64 to 1:1024) against the isolated spirochete, while among 51
      untreated patients with tick-transmitted meningopolyneuritis 90% had increased
      IgG antibody titres. Fourfold antibody titres increases or falls were found on 50
      occasions. IgG antibody titres up to 1:64 were demonstrated also in CSF, in 22
      instances with significant changes. Increased serum IgM antibody titres of 1:32
      to 1:256 were observed in 20% and 68%, respectively, of patients. These findings
      suggest that the isolated spirochete is the causative agent of erythema chronicum
      migrans disease in Europe. Its antigen structure and arrangement is similar to
      that of the causative agent of Lyme disease.

PMID- 6363034
TI  - [New instrument for blood glucose determination. Results of a clinical trial of
      the Reflocheck].
AB  - Reflocheck, a new microprocessor-regulated apparatus determining blood sugar
      levels was tested in six laboratories. In the range of 20-450 mg/dl the apparatus
      gave precise results (co-efficient of variance 0.8%-6.4%), in good agreement with
      results by the hexokinase method. Reflocheck is an accurate and reliable
      instrument for the measuring of blood glucose levels.

PMID- 6363035
TI  - [Clinico-pharmacological studies on the course of high-dose methotrexate therapy
      in childhood. A retrospective comparison of centers].
AB  - In a retrospective study with comparison of two centres (Homburg and Munich) the
      response of 91 cycles of high-dose methotrexate treatment (4.2-13.6 g/m2 body
      surface) was assessed in eight children with osteosarcoma and one with
      chondrosarcoma. Accompanying treatment (alkalization, infusion and leucovorin
      "rescue") was undertaken to reduce the methotrexate serum level 48 hours after
      infusion to below 0.4 mumol/l and thus avoid toxic effects. In the course of
      these treatment cycles there was a fall in urinary pH values below 7.0 in 59%
      (Homburg) and 75% (Munich) treatment cycles. On average there were lower
      methotrexate serum levels 24 and 48 hours after methotrexate administration among
      the Homburg patients than those in Munich. If urinary pH values fell to below
      7.0, a decrease in leucocyte count below 2,000/mm3 was observed in 65% and 70%,
      respectively. The data indicate the need of carefully measuring urinary pH and
      methotrexate serum concentration during high-dosage methotrexate treatment and
      thus decrease the danger of bone-marrow damage.

PMID- 6363036
TI  - [Use of so-called automatic syringes for mass blood sampling from the tail vein
      (v. caudalis mediana) in cattle].

PMID- 6363037
TI  - [Performance of animal housing air studies from the veterinarian's viewpoint
      (field study)].

PMID- 6363038
TI  - [Experimental Crotalus poisoning in cattle--an anatomo-pathological study].

PMID- 6363039
TI  - [Paternity error rate for daughters of Deutsche Schwarzbunte breed bulls].

PMID- 6363040
TI  - [Heart auscultation in the horse (evaluation and description of a new
      stethoscope)].

PMID- 6363041
TI  - ["Organized" hematoma with metaplastic ossification on the flexion side of a
      horse's hock].

PMID- 6363043
TI  - [Partial liver torsion in a rabbit].

PMID- 6363042
TI  - [Scanning electron microscope studies of the surface structure of the female
      genital tract of swine during diestrus].

PMID- 6363044
TI  - [Problems of acaricide resistance of strains of ixodic and argasid ticks].

PMID- 6363045
TI  - Hearing loss associated with nonhereditary systemic disease.

PMID- 6363046
TI  - [Dental treatment of patients with cardiac pacemakers].

PMID- 6363047
TI  - [Histological processing of hard tissue structures through a combination of 3
      methods and the possibility of the subsequent preparation of non-decalcified 5-10
      micron thin sections].

PMID- 6363049
TI  - The LHRH neuronal system in female rats: relation to the medial preoptic nucleus.
AB  - Previously we have found that small lesions confined to the medial preoptic
      nucleus (MPN) or the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) blocked the cyclic release of
      gonadotropins in the female rat, inducing a persistent estrous state. Since the
      MPN is located just caudal to the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis
      (OVLT) where LHRH cell bodies are most concentrated, we applied an
      immunocytochemical technique to examine the possibility that the lesions had
      simply disrupted LHRH neurons or fibers. Using a new anti-LHRH provided by Dr. V.
      D. Ramirez, we found that the distribution pattern of immunoreactive LHRH cell
      bodies and fibers was similar to that previously reported, although the staining
      was more intense and extensive with low background. There was no concentration of
      LHRH cell bodies and fibers in the MPN or SCN and, in fact, these nuclei
      generally showed a lower density of stained elements than did surrounding tissue.
      In persistent estrous animals with lesions confined to the MPN there was no
      detectable reduction of stained fibers in the median eminence. These results,
      along with the results of other workers, suggest that persistent estrus following
      lesions of the MPN or SCN is not due to reduction of LHRH neurons or fibers.
      Rather, they support the hypothesis that these nuclei are critical for triggering
      the ovulatory release of LHRH.

PMID- 6363048
TI  - Reduction of C-peptide secretion in noninsulin-dependent diabetic patients with
      long duration of insulin treatment.
AB  - We examined the responses of serum free C-peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) during a
      100 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on diabetic patients undergoing
      different kinds and durations of treatment. None of the patients were ketosis
      prone or had any history of nephropathy and they all developed diabetes when over
      the age of 30. The sigma serum free CPR (the sum of serum free CPR values during
      OGTT) of group A (duration of insulin treatment was less than 5 years, N = 10)
      was found to be higher than that of group B (duration of insulin treatment was 5
      years or more, N = 10) (p less than 0.005). On the other hand, the sigma serum
      free CPR of group C (treatment with an oral hypoglycemic agent for less than 5
      years, N = 9) was not statistically different from that of group D (treatment
      with an oral hypoglycemic agent for 5 years or more, N = 11). There were no
      statistical differences between group A and group B in age at onset, duration of
      diabetes, daily insulin dose, relative body weight index, serum creatinine or
      sigma BG (the sum of blood glucose values during OGTT). Just before the start of
      insulin treatment, there were no significant differences between the two groups
      in the following: 1. fasting blood glucose values (all 10 patients measured in
      group A and 9 patients in group B) 2. blood glucose and plasma immunoreactive
      insulin (IRI) responses (7 patients measured in group A and 6 in group B). Among
      those with plasma IRI measured on the previous occasion, sigma serum free CPR was
      found to be higher in group A than in group B (p less than 0.025) at the time of
      the present study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6363050
TI  - Review: putative mutagens and carcinogens in foods. V. Cycad azoxyglycosides.
AB  - Cycasin is a member of a family of azoxyglycosides produced by cycads. It is
      mutagenic and carcinogenic only when deglucosylated to release its principal
      metabolite, methylazoxymethanol (MAM). Methylazoxymethanol is also the aglycone
      of other cycad azoxyglycosides and is responsible for their toxicologic
      properties. The way in which people can be exposed to cycad azoxyglycosides is
      through the consumption of foods prepared from cycads. MAM induces genetic
      alterations in various test systems in bacteria, yeast, plants, Drosophila, and
      mammalian cells. An important aspect of the biological activities of cycasin and
      MAM is the intimate connection between their metabolism and their toxicologic
      effects. In adult mammals, the deglucosylation of cycasin is catalyzed only by
      enzymes of the microflora of the gut. Cycasin is therefore active when
      administered orally but not when administered parenterally. In contrast, MAM is
      active regardless of the route of exposure. Major uncertainties remain regarding
      the intermediates generated from MAM spontaneously and metabolically. More
      knowledge of these intermediates is required for a better understanding of the
      molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity of cycasin, MAM, and related
      compounds.

PMID- 6363051
TI  - In vitro approaches for determining mechanisms of toxicity and carcinogenicity by
      asbestos in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts.
AB  - Organ and cell cultures of gastrointestinal and tracheobronchial epithelium have
      been used to document both the interaction of asbestos with mucosal cells and the
      sequence of cellular events occurring after exposure of cells to fibers. The
      biological activity of various types of asbestos in vitro is related to surface
      charge, crystallization, and dimensional characteristics. These factors also
      influence adsorption of natural secretions and serum components to fibers, a
      process that ameliorates cytotoxicity. Although mechanistic studies at the
      cellular level are lacking using epithelial cells of the digestive tract,
      asbestos appears to elicit a constellation of morphologic and biochemical changes
      in tracheal epithelium that resemble effects of classical tumor promoters on
      target cells.

PMID- 6363052
TI  - In vitro assessment of asbestos genotoxicity.
AB  - Asbestos fibers are highly cytotoxic to cultured mammalian cells and produce
      chromosomal aberrations in several rodent cell types. There is some uncertainty
      in the literature as to whether these fibers are clastogenic to cultured human
      cells. Asbestos fibers do not produce either DNA damage or back mutations in
      prokaryotic assay systems, and they do not appear to cause DNA strand breaks in
      either rodent or human cells. The evidence that these fibers can produce either
      forward mutation or neoplastic transformation of mammalian cells is weak.
      Asbestos fibers are clearly oncogenic to humans and animals, but, except for
      clastogenic effects in rodent cells, there is little evidence for genotoxicity of
      fibers. It is reasonable to expect, therefore, that these materials may be
      oncogenic by virtue of mechanisms rather than as tumor initiators.

PMID- 6363053
TI  - Review of published studies of orally administered asbestos.
AB  - There has been great public concern about the adverse health effects resulting
      from the presence of asbestos fibers in municipal drinking water supplies. This
      article reviews and summarizes the experimental findings of 11 published papers
      that have evaluated the carcinogenic potential of asbestos following its
      ingestion. The long-term, high-level ingestion of various types of asbestos
      fibers in more than one animal species failed to produce any definite,
      reproducible, organ-specific carcinogenic effect.

PMID- 6363054
TI  - A perspective on particulate size analysis of consumer aerosol products.
AB  - Various aspects of size distribution analysis of commercial aerosol spray
      products and their relevance to toxicity are discussed. Mechanisms of respiratory
      deposition, sizing methods, and aerosol terminology are reviewed. A presentation
      of much of the published aerosol size data is given, along with comments about
      the sizing and sampling techniques used in the reported studies.

PMID- 6363055
TI  - Dose-response analysis of cadmium in man: body burden vs kidney dysfunction.
AB  - The primary objective of this study was to develop dose-response relationships of
      cadmium in human beings. In vivo measurements of kidney, liver, urine, and blood
      cadmium, and urinary levels of beta 2-microglobulin and total protein were
      obtained in 82 industrially exposed workers and 30 control subjects. The values
      of 200 micrograms/g creatinine for urinary beta 2-microglobulin and 250 mg/g
      creatinine for urinary total protein were used to define the upper limit for
      normal kidney function. Forty-one of the cadmium workers (18 active, 23 retired)
      were classified as having abnormal kidney function; all control subjects had
      normal kidney function. Most workers with Cd above 70 ppm in the liver were
      judged to have some evidence of kidney abnormalities. The dose-response
      relationship for liver cadmium for the actively employed workers could be
      described by a linear logistic regression model: (Formula: see text) where p is
      the individual's probability of having kidney dysfunction. The loss of cadmium
      from the kidney following dysfunction prohibited a direct logistic analysis of
      the kidney cadmium data. However, when the linear relationship between kidney and
      liver cadmium for the subjects with normal kidney function was combined with the
      logistic equation for the liver, a predicted-response curve was obtained for the
      kidney. The logistic models predict a 50% probability of having kidney
      dysfunction at 38.4 mg for the kidney and 42.3 ppm for the liver, respectively.

PMID- 6363056
TI  - The effects of T-2 toxin on alveolar macrophage function in vitro.
AB  - T-2 toxin, a metabolite of several Fusarium species, is a mycotoxin of the
      trichothecene family which occurs in a variety of grains. Previous work in our
      laboratory showed that T-2 toxin is highly toxic to rat alveolar macrophages in
      vitro at submicromolar concentrations. The present investigation was undertaken
      to study the basis of the cytotoxic effects observed. The following parameters of
      macrophage function were measured: macromolecular synthesis, release of 51Cr,
      cellular ATP, phagocytosis, and alveolar macrophage "activation." The
      incorporation of radiolabeled leucine into acid-precipitable molecules was
      significantly inhibited within 1 hr of treatment at sublethal concentrations,
      although amino acid uptake was unaffected. Cell volume and release of 51Cr was
      unaffected by 0.1 microM T-2 toxin after 6 hr but evidence of significant leakage
      was seen after 18 hr treatment. The capacity of alveolar macrophages to
      phagocytize Saccharomyces cerevisiae and 3H-Staphylococcus aureus was
      significantly reduced whereas binding of 3H-S. aureus to the macrophage was not.
      Macrophage activation with endotoxin (Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide) and
      mitogen-generated lymphokines, as monitored by incorporation of [14C]glucosamine,
      was significantly altered at 0.01 microM T-2 toxin. Thus, the data clearly
      demonstrate that T-2 is toxic to alveolar macrophage function in vitro and
      suggest that the primary mechanism of this toxicity is related to the inhibition
      of protein synthesis.

PMID- 6363057
TI  - Copper and zinc levels in serum and urine of cadmium-exposed people with special
      reference to renal tubular damage.
AB  - Urinary copper and zinc concentrations and their serum levels were determined in
      women environmentally exposed to cadmium, including "itai-itai" disease patients
      and suspected patients, for evaluating the effect of cadmium exposure on
      metabolism of such essential metals as copper and zinc in human beings. Copper
      concentrations in the urine of cadmium-exposed women, especially "itai-itai"
      patients and suspected patients, were much higher than those of nonexposed women.
      Zinc concentrations in the urine of cadmium-exposed women, however, were not
      different from those of nonexposed women. Zinc levels in the serum of the "itai
      itai" patients were somewhat lower than those of the nonexposed women. On the
      other hand, serum copper was almost equal in the cadmium-exposed and the
      nonexposed women. The correlation coefficient between beta 2-microglobulin
      amounts and copper concentrations in the urine of all women examined was as high
      as 0.95. It is concluded that exposure to cadmium will cause an increase in the
      excretion of copper in urine, which is attributable to renal tubular damage due
      to the cadmium exposure, and that urinary zinc excretion is not increased by
      cadmium exposure, even in the patients who suffer from severe renal tubular
      damage.

PMID- 6363058
TI  - 14th Sir Hans Krebs Lecture. Mechanisms of replication of the Escherichia coli
      chromosome.

PMID- 6363059
TI  - Molecular characterization of the gene coding for major outer membrane protein
      OmpA from Enterobacter aerogenes.
AB  - The ompA gene from Enterobacter aerogenes was subcloned into a low-copy-number
      plasmid vector and the resultant plasmid, pTU7En, used to study its expression in
      Escherichia coli K12. Although the gene was strongly expressed and large amounts
      of OmpA protein were present in the outer membrane its product was not
      functionally identical to the E. coli polypeptide. In particular, the E.
      aerogenes OmpA protein was unable to confer sensitivity to OmpA-specific phages
      of E. coli. When the primary structure of the protein was deduced from the
      nucleotide sequence of its gene it was found that three domains differed
      extensively from the corresponding regions of the E. coli protein. As two of
      these are known to be exposed on the cell surface we inferred that these
      alterations are responsible for differences in the biological activity of the two
      proteins.

PMID- 6363060
TI  - Purification and properties of a double-stranded ribonuclease from the yeast
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - A double-stranded ribonuclease has been purified more than 90-fold to near
      homogeneity from the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The enzyme shows a high
      specificity for double-stranded RNA as its substrate. It has a molecular weight
      of 27000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. The enzyme degrades dsRNA optimally at 30 degrees C; it is
      stimulated by KCl and by the -SH reagent, dithiothreitol. In contrast to RNase
      III from Escherichia coli, the yeast enzyme is inhibited by divalent cations.
      Physiological studies have demonstrated that in vivo levels of the enzyme
      activity fell during the latter part of the exponential growth phase but rose
      during stationary phase. The specific activity of the enzyme in nitrogen-starved
      yeast cells was 2-3-fold higher than in non-starved cells. The enzyme could be
      detected in yeast strains containing both, one or none of the species of
      cytoplasmic dsRNA (L and MdsRNAs) and may, therefore, have some wider role.

PMID- 6363061
TI  - Modulatory effects on proteinase kinetics caused by association of both enzyme
      and substrate to heparin.
AB  - Heparin is shown to produce modulatory effects on the amidolytic activity of
      trypsin, thrombin and plasmin with various synthetic peptide substrates. Simple
      Michaelis-Menten kinetics are observed in the absence of heparin. In its presence
      an enhancement effect is observed at low substrate concentrations, and an
      inhibitory effect is observed at high substrate concentrations. Other polyanions
      like dextran sulphate, phosvitin and inositol hexakisphosphate produces a similar
      effect. The modulatory effect of heparin is abolished when it binds cations. Co
      binding of both substrate and enzyme to heparin seems to be a necessary
      requirement for the effect to occur. A model is proposed which can account
      semiquantitatively for the kinetics observed. It is suggested that the mechanism,
      which involves co-binding of substrate and enzyme in an competitive manner to a
      macromolecular structure, may be of primary importance as a regulatory mechanism
      in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis.

PMID- 6363062
TI  - lacZ--Y+ fusions in Escherichia coli. DNA sequencing reveals the eight N-terminal
      residues of lac permease as non-essential.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of three lacZ- -Y+ fusions found among spontaneous lacY+
      revertants of the lacY- mutant MAB16 in Escherichia coli is reported. MAB16 is a
      frameshift mutation in codon 6 of the lacY gene. DNA sequence analysis of the
      fusions shows the first eight N-terminal codons of the lacY gene can be replaced
      by 3, 39 or 804/805 N-terminal codons of the lacZ gene without impairing lac
      permease activity qualitatively.

PMID- 6363063
TI  - Characterization of beta-galactosidase--lactose-permease chimaeras of Escherichia
      coli.
AB  - Escherichia coli strains have been isolated in which 3, 39 or 805 5'-end codons
      of lacZ, the gene for the cytoplasmic enzyme beta-galactosidase are fused to
      codon 9 of lacY, the gene for lactose permease. Lactose-permease-deficient cells,
      carrying the lacZ-Y fusions on F' lac pro episomes, are phenotypically positive
      on eosin/methylene blue/lactose or on melibiose plates, demonstrating that the
      beta-galactosidase--lactose-permease chimaeras transport lactose and melibiose in
      vivo. The apparent affinity for beta-D-galactopypanosyl 1-thio-beta-D
      galactopyranoside (GalSGal) in cells is similar to that of the wild-type gene
      product. The maximum velocity of active GalSGal transport is reduced in all three
      fusion strains. Both lactose and p-nitrophenyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside inhibit
      GalSGal uptake. As demonstrated by immunoblot experiments the chimaeras cross
      react with polyclonal antibodies directed against native lactose permease and
      they are present in the cell envelope fraction of homogenates. Their apparent
      molecular weights upon electrophoresis in NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gels correspond
      to those expected from their respective primary sequences, taking into account
      the migration properties of wild-type lactose permease. It is proposed that
      substitution of eight N-terminal lactose permease residues by N-terminal beta
      galactosidase residues neither prevents membrane incorporation of permease nor
      completely impairs the ability to transport galactosides actively. Alternative
      interpretations of the experimental results are discussed.

PMID- 6363064
TI  - Chemical modification of the lactose carrier of Escherichia coli by plumbagin,
      phenylarsinoxide or diethylpyrocarbonate affects the binding of galactoside.
AB  - The effects of chemical modification of the lactose carrier of Escherichia coli
      on galactoside binding (in overproducing strains) and on transport was examined.
      Both the modifying reagents diethylpyrocarbonate and rose bengal and the thiol
      reagents phenylarsinoxide and plumbagin can completely inhibit the binding of the
      substrate p-nitrophenyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside to the carrier. If care is
      taken to inhibit galactoside binding only partially, the loss of transport is
      found to parallel the loss of binding sites. The modified carrier molecules are
      completely inactive, while the remaining active carrier molecules evince normal
      transport and binding parameters. The binding of galactoside protects the carrier
      partially against these forms of chemical modification. In view of these
      observations, the results of previous chemical modification studies [Padan, E.,
      Patel, L. and Kaback, H.R. (1979) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 76, 6221-6225;
      Konings, W.N. and Robillard, G.T. (1982) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 79, 5480
      5484] must be re-interpreted. Our results stress the utility of studying
      substrate binding, the first step in the transport cycle.

PMID- 6363066
TI  - Incorporation of 1,N6-ethenoadenosine into the 3' terminus of tRNA using T4 RNA
      ligase. 1. Preparation of yeast tRNAPhe derivatives.
AB  - The 3'-terminal A-C-C-A sequence of yeast tRNAPhe has been modified by replacing
      either adenosine 76 or 73 with the fluorescent analogues 1,N6-ethenoadenosine
      (epsilon A) or 2-aza-1,N6-ethenoadenosine (aza-epsilon A). T4 RNA ligase was used
      to join the nucleoside 3',5'-bisphosphates to the 3' end of the tRNA which was
      shortened by one [tRNAPhe(-A)] or four [tRNAPhe(-ACCA)] nucleotides. It was found
      that the base-paired 3'-terminal cytidine 72 in tRNAPhe(-ACCA) is a more
      efficient acceptor in the ligation reaction than the unpaired cytidine 75 at the
      A-C-C terminus of tRNAPhe(-A). This finding indicates that the mobility of the
      accepting nucleoside substantially influences the ligation reaction, the
      efficiency being higher the lower the mobility. This conclusion is corroborated
      by the observation that the ligation reaction with the double-stranded substrate
      exhibits a positive temperature dependence rather than a negative one as found
      for single-stranded acceptors. The replacement of the 3'-terminal adenosine 76
      with epsilon A and aza-epsilon A leads to moderately fluorescent tRNAPhe
      derivatives, which are inactive in the aminoacylation reaction. A number of other
      tRNAs (Met, Ser, Glu, Lys and Leu-specific tRNAs both from yeast and Escherichia
      coli) are also inactivated by epsilon A incorporation. Replacement of adenosine
      73 followed by repair of the C-C-A end using nucleotidyl transferase leads to
      tRNAPhe derivatives which are fully active in the aminoacylation reaction and in
      polyphenylalanine synthesis. The fluorescence of epsilon A and aza-epsilon A at
      position 73 is virtually completely quenched, suggesting a stacked arrangement of
      bases around this position. There is no fluorescence increase when the epsilon A
      labeled tRNAPhe is complexed with phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, elongation factor
      Tu, or ribosomes. These observations indicate that the stacked conformation of
      the 3' terminus is not changed appreciably in these complexes.

PMID- 6363065
TI  - The insulin-stimulated receptor kinase is a tyrosine-specific casein kinase.
AB  - Insulin stimulates a kinase that phosphorylates tyrosines in the insulin
      receptor; this kinase is tightly associated with the insulin receptor itself. We
      now show that the insulin-stimulated casein kinase, present in solubilized,
      lectin-purified receptor preparations from rat liver, is indistinguishable from
      the insulin receptor kinase. As with phosphorylation of the insulin receptor,
      insulin selectively enhanced by 2-3-fold the phosphorylation of tyrosines in
      casein. The insulin-stimulated activities of both kinases were inactivated at 37
      degrees C with the same t0.5 of 5 min and were identically affected by alkylating
      agents. Both receptor and casein kinase activities were specifically
      coprecipitated by anti-receptor antibodies or by insulin and anti-insulin
      antibodies. When the latter type of immune complexes were incubated with an
      excess of insulin, both kinase activities were quantitatively recovered. We
      therefore conclude that insulin-stimulated receptor and casein phosphorylations
      are probably catalyzed by a single enzyme which is tightly associated with the
      receptor itself. Now, by replacing casein for receptor as substrate, it is
      possible to measure the enzymatic activity of this receptor-related kinase
      itself, i.e. independent of the receptor as substrate. Detection of this activity
      is improved in the presence of certain alkylating agents. Use of artificial
      substrates (in combination with alkylating agents) is particularly important to
      dissect the functional components of the receptor complex, to study mechanisms of
      enzyme regulation and especially in situations where the available receptor for
      study is limited, e.g. fresh or cultured cells from patients.

PMID- 6363067
TI  - Incorporation of 1,N6-ethenoadenosine into the 3' terminus of tRNA using T4 RNA
      ligase. 2. Preparation and ribosome interaction of fluorescent Escherichia coli
      tRNAMetf.
AB  - A fluorescent derivative of tRNAMetf from Escherichia coli has been prepared
      which contains 1,N6-etheno-adenosine (epsilon A) in the place of adenosine 73,
      the fourth residue from the 3' end. The labeled tRNA, tRNAMetf epsilon A73, is
      fully active with respect to aminoacylation, formylation and formylmethionyl
      transfer to puromycin. The preparation procedure entails the chemical removal of
      four nucleotides from the 3' end of tRNAMetf, ligation of the truncated molecule
      with epsilon A 3',5'-bisphosphate by use of T4 RNA ligase and repair of the C-C-A
      end with nucleotidyl transferase. The fluorescence of fMet-tRNAMetf epsilon A73
      has been exploited for studying tRNA-ribosome complexes. Upon binding the tRNA
      into the ribosomal P site, the fluorophor experiences a change of its molecular
      environment as indicated by an increased fluorescence intensity. On the other
      hand, iodide quenching experiments indicate that, in the complex, the fluorophor
      is not shielded against solvent access. The results suggest that (a) adenosine 73
      is not involved in direct contacts with the ribosome and (b) the stacking of the
      3'-terminal A-C-C-A sequence is changed upon binding to the ribosome.

PMID- 6363068
TI  - Proteins from the prokaryotic nucleoid. High-resolution 1H NMR spectroscopic
      study of Escherichia coli DNA-binding proteins NS1 and NS2.
AB  - The 1H-NMR spectra of the two Escherichia coli basic, low-Mr (approximately equal
      to 9000) DNA-binding proteins NS1 and NS2 and of their native complex NS were
      studied at 400 MHz and a number of resonances and resonance peaks were assigned.
      As in the case of some eukaryotic histones, the presence of a large number of
      high-field perturbed Phe resonances, several shielded and deshielded methyl
      resonances and backbone NH protons quite inaccessible to the solvent clearly
      indicate the existence of extensive tertiary and, even more so, quaternary
      structures involving hydrophobic interactions. These structures are lost upon
      heating, but readily reform upon cooling. Spectral differences between NS1, NS2
      and NS and the greater thermal stability of NS indicate that molecules of the
      heterologous subunits (NS1 and NS2) aggregate (dimerize) preferentially in
      comparison to the self-aggregation of the homologous subunits. Unlike those of
      the eukaryotic histones, the tertiary and quaternary structures of NS are
      insensitive to extensive variations of the ionic strength.

PMID- 6363069
TI  - Isolation and complete amino-acid sequence of the small polypeptide from light
      harvesting pigment-protein complex I (B870) of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata.
AB  - The small bacteriochlorophyll-binding polypeptide of the light-harvesting complex
      B870 was extracted from the intracytoplasmic membrane of the strain A1a+ of
      Rhodopseudomonas capsulata with chloroform/methanol/ammonium acetate and
      separated by chromatography on Sephadex LH60 using the same solvent. The
      polypeptide obtained from the peak fraction III was found to be homogeneous and
      identical with the small polypeptide isolated from the B870 complex as shown by
      dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, amino acid composition and N
      terminal sequence. The complete amino acid sequence is given. The relative
      molecular mass based on the amino acid sequence is 5341. The polarity of amino
      acids is 35.42%. The C-terminal part of the peptide chain from residue 29 to 48
      is hydrophobic and includes one His residue.

PMID- 6363070
TI  - Purification and properties of a thiol protease from rat liver nuclei.
AB  - A thiol protease was purified about 800-fold from the chromatin fraction of rat
      liver by employing Sepharose 6B gel filtration, chromatofocusing and Sephadex G
      100 gel filtration. It was nearly homogeneous on sodium dodecyl
      sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and its molecular weight was about
      29000. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was 7.1. The pH optimum for
      degradation of 3H-labelled ribosomal proteins was 4.5. It is noticeable that the
      maximal activity was shifted to pH 5.5 by DNA, and that 30-40% of the maximal
      activity was observed at neutral pH in the presence of DNA. The activity was
      increased about twice by 2-4 mM dithiothreitol. The protease may be specific for
      the nuclei because it is different from all lysosomal thiol proteases ever known.

PMID- 6363071
TI  - Construction of a UGA suppressor tRNA by modification in vitro of yeast tRNACys.
AB  - In this paper we describe the construction of a yeast tRNACys UGA suppressor.
      After specific hydrolysis of the parent molecule, the first base of the anticodon
      GCA was replaced by a uracil. The resulting molecule, harboring a UCA anticodon,
      was injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes in order to test its biological
      activities. The level of aminoacylation was similar to that of the parent
      molecule. Readthrough of the UGA termination codon in beta-globin mRNA,
      coinjected with the tRNA, indicated suppressor activity; however, tRNACys
      (anticodon UCA) was a much less efficient suppressor than others tested under the
      same conditions. We see no post-transcriptional modification of the uracil in the
      anticodon wobble position after injection into oocytes. This may be related to
      the low suppressor activity; however, it is also possible that other features of
      tRNACys structure may be unadapted to efficient UCA anticodon function.

PMID- 6363072
TI  - Modification of the intramolecular turnover of terminal carbohydrates of
      dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV isolated from rat-liver plasma membrane during liver
      regeneration.
AB  - An intramolecular turnover of the terminal carbohydrates L-fucose, N
      acetylneuraminic acid and D-galactose is a characteristic property of several
      liver plasma membrane glycoproteins, first demonstrated for
      dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5., DPP IV). The core carbohydrates D
      mannose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine turn over like the polypeptide chain. The
      ratio of apparent half-lives of L-fucose and L-methionine of DPP IV is shifted
      from 0.17 in normal liver to 0.60 in regenerating liver. The ratio of half-lives
      of N-acetylneuraminic acid and L-methionine is only slightly changed from 0.43 in
      normal liver to 0.61 in regenerating liver. The ratio of apparent half-lives of D
      mannose and L-methionine amounts to 0.80 in normal liver and 0.71 after partial
      hepatectomy. From this a drastic reduction of the intramolecular turnover of L
      fucose on plasma membrane DPP IV in regenerating liver can be derived. The
      intramolecular N-acetylneuraminic acid turnover is affected to only a minor
      extent. D-Mannose turns over like the polypeptide in both normal and regenerating
      liver. The intramolecular L-fucose turnover may be involved in membrane
      glycoprotein recycling, which presumably is altered in regenerating liver.
      Additionally, L-fucose could regulate the rate of degradation of DPP IV, since
      core-fucosylated glycoproteins appear to be resistant to mammalian endo-N
      acetylglucosaminidase.

PMID- 6363073
TI  - Purification of the lactose:H+ carrier of Escherichia coli and characterization
      of galactoside binding and transport.
AB  - The lactose carrier, a galactoside:H+ symporter in Escherichia coli, has been
      purified from cytoplasmic membranes by pre-extraction of the membranes with 5
      sulfosalicylate, solubilization in dodecyl-O-beta-D-maltoside, Ecteola-column
      chromatography, and removal of residual impurities by anti-impurity antibodies.
      Subsequently, the purified carrier was reincorporated into E. coli phospholipid
      vesicles. Purification was monitored by tracer N-[3H]ethylmaleimide-labeled
      carrier and by binding of the substrate p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside.
      All purified carrier molecules were active in substrate binding and the purified
      protein was at least 95% pure by several criteria. Substrate binding to the
      purified carrier in detergent micelles and in reconstituted proteoliposomes
      yielded a stoichiometry close to one molecule substrate bound per polypeptide
      chain. Large unilamellar proteoliposomes (1-5-micron diameter) were prepared from
      initially small reconstituted vesicles by freeze-thaw cycles and low-speed
      centrifugation. These proteoliposomes catalyzed facilitated diffusion and active
      transport in response to artificially imposed electrochemical proton gradients
      (delta mu H+) or one of its components (delta psi or delta pH). Comparison of the
      steady-state level of galactoside accumulation and the nominal value of the
      driving gradients yielded cotransport stoichiometries up to 0.7
      proton/galactoside, suggesting that the carrier protein is the only component
      required for active galactoside transport. The half-saturation constants for
      active uptake of lactose (KT = 200 microM) or beta-D-galactosyl-1-thio-beta-D
      galactoside (KT = 50-80 microM) by the purified carrier were found to be similar
      to be similar to those measured in cells or cytoplasmic membrane vesicles. The
      maximum rate for active transport expressed as a turnover number was similar in
      proteoliposomes and cytoplasmic membrane vesicles (kcat = 3-4 s-1 for lactose)
      but considerably smaller than in cells (kcat = 40-60 s-1). Possible reasons for
      this discrepancy are discussed.

PMID- 6363074
TI  - Synthesis of pigment-binding protein in toluene-treated Rhodopseudomonas
      capsulata and in cell-free systems.
AB  - Pigment-binding protein of the facultatively phototrophic bacterium
      Rhodospeudomonas capsulata could be selectively synthesized in toluene-treated
      cells as well as in homologous and heterologous cell-free translation systems by
      isolated polysomes. It is shown that the pigment-binding polypeptides of the
      light-harvesting complexes are encoded by messenger RNA of extreme longevity. The
      dependence of their synthesis on the concomitant synthesis of tetrapyrroles was
      demonstrated in the toluene-treated cells. The large Mr-28 000 polypeptide of the
      reaction center and the Mr-10 000 pigment-binding polypeptide of the light
      harvesting complex II were found to be synthesized by free (water-soluble)
      polysomes without a cleavable 'leader' or 'signal' peptide [reviewed by W.
      Wickner (1979) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 48, 23-45]. The Mr-10 000 polypeptide, as
      synthesized in vitro, was studied in more detail. Unlike the membrane-assembled
      polypeptide in vivo it was insoluble in an organic solvent mixture
      (chloroform/methanol 1:1, v/v). After detergent denaturation in the presence of
      membrane isolated from the organism it became organic-solvent-soluble. Obviously
      the polypeptide could be induced to assume alternative conformations in which its
      apolar residues were either exposed to the solvent or buried within. These
      findings, in agreement with Wickner's hypothesis, indicate that the Mr-10 000
      polypeptide may enter the lipid bilayer by a 'membrane-triggered' conformational
      change.

PMID- 6363075
TI  - Studies on reconstituted partially purified glycerophosphate acyltransferase from
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Solubilized glycerophosphate acyltransferase from Escherichia coli was
      reconstituted in small unilamellar vesicles consisting of
      phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylglycerol in a molar ratio of 4:1. Glycerol 3
      phosphate, trapped inside these vesicles, cannot be acylated by the enzyme upon
      addition of extra-vesicular palmitoyl-CoA. Thus, substrate-binding sites and
      active sites are asymmetrically oriented in the model membrane. When up to 10
      mol/100 mol lysophosphatidic acid was incorporated in the vesicles a decrease in
      glycerophosphate acyltransferase activity is observed at amounts exceeding 1 mol%
      lysophosphatidate. Similar experiments, using lysophosphatidylcholine and
      phosphatidic acid, suggest the decrease to result from an increase in negative
      surface charge. Reconstituted glycerophosphate acyltransferase exhibits a
      preference for palmitoyl-CoA over oleoyl-CoA. This preference increases
      considerably at elevated temperatures. The glycerophosphate acyltransferase
      could, therefore, participate in the temperature-dependent changes in the fatty
      acid composition of the phospholipids in E. coli.

PMID- 6363076
TI  - Electrostatic field effects of coenzymes on ligand binding to catalytic zinc in
      liver alcohol dehydrogenase.
AB  - The synergism between coenzyme and anion binding to liver alcohol dehydrogenase
      has been examined by equilibrium measurements and transient-state kinetic methods
      to characterize electrostatic interactions of coenzymes with ligands which are
      bound to the catalytic zinc ion of the enzyme subunit. Inorganic anions typically
      exhibit an at least 200-fold higher affinity for the general anion-binding site
      than for catalytic zinc on complex formation with free enzyme. Acetate and SCN-
      interact more strongly with catalytic zinc in the enzyme X NAD+ complex than with
      the general anion-binding site in free enzyme. CN- shows no significant affinity
      for the general anion-binding site, but combines to catalytic zinc in the absence
      as well as the presence of coenzymes. Coordination of CN- to catalytic zinc
      weakens the binding of NADH by a factor of 50, and tightens the binding of NAD+
      to approximately the same extent through interactions which do not include any
      contributions from covalent adduct formation between CN- and NAD+. These
      observations provide unambiguous information about the magnitude of electrostatic
      field effects of coenzymes on anion (e.g. hydroxyl ion) binding to catalytic
      zinc. They lead to the important inference that coenzyme binding must be strongly
      affected by ionization of zinc-bound water irrespective of the actual acidity of
      the latter group. It is concluded on such grounds that the much debated pH
      dependence of coenzyme binding to liver alcohol dehydrogenase must derive from
      ionization of zinc-bound water. The assumption that such is not the case leads to
      the inference that there is no detectable effect of ionization of zinc-bound
      water on coenzyme binding over the pH range 6-12, a possibility which is
      definitely excluded by the present results.

PMID- 6363077
TI  - The effects of oral digoxin therapy in primary mitral leaflet prolapse.
AB  - The effects of oral digoxin on symptoms, arrhythmias, exercise tolerance and
      echocardiographic function in primary mitral leaflet prolapse were studied in 23
      patients using a double-blind crossover protocol. Digoxin reduced the incidence
      and severity of chest pain compared with both the control (P = 0.0002) and
      placebo (P = 0.0005) periods. We found a high (83%) incidence of predominantly
      minor arrhythmias on continuous ambulatory monitoring. Digoxin favourably
      affected the incidence of frequent supraventricular ectopic beats and
      supraventricular tachycardia but was associated with a significant number (P less
      than 0.0025) of asymptomatic bradyarrhythmias. In patients with frequent
      ventricular ectopics, digoxin had no consistent effect. No difference in exercise
      tolerance between treatment periods was found on maximal treadmill stress
      testing, but digoxin administration resulted in an increase in echocardiographic
      mean circumferential fibre shortening velocity (P less than 0.01) and fractional
      shortening percent (P less than 0.01). This study demonstrates the efficacy of
      oral digoxin therapy in ameliorating chest pain in patients with primary mitral
      leaflet prolapse and suggests a favourable effect on supraventricular arrhythmias
      in such patients.

PMID- 6363078
TI  - Efficacy, duration and mechanism of action of nifedipine in stable exercise
      induced angina pectoris.
AB  - The duration of effect of single oral doses of 10 and 20 mg of nifedipine was
      studied in 10 patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease and
      with stable exercise-induced angina pectoris. In a randomized double-blind manner
      exercise tests were carried out 1 hour before and 1, 2, 4 and 6 h after the
      administration of placebo, nifedipine 10 mg(N10) and nifedipine 20 mg(N20).
      Compared with the placebo both N10 and N20 produced a statistically significant
      increase in exercise tolerance at 1(P less than 0.05), 2(P less than 0.01), 4(P
      less than 0.01) and 6(P less than 0.05) hours after N10 and at 1(P less than
      0.01), 2(P less than 0.01), 4(P less than 0.01) and 6(P less than 0.05) hours
      after N20. At peak exercise the product of heart rate X systolic blood pressure
      (RPP) was significantly increased compared with placebo at 2, 4 and 6 h after N10
      and at 2, 4 and 6 h after N20 with maximal ST-segment depression unchanged. At
      the same duration of exercise at which angina had occurred during control studies
      the RPP was unaffected by nifedipine while a statistically significant reduction
      of ST-segment depression was seen at 1, 2 and 4 h after N10 and at 1, 2 and 4 h
      after N20. Direct measurements of great cardiac vein flow during exercise in two
      patients showed that nifedipine is effective in preventing the abnormal increase
      of exercise-induced coronary tone in the area supplied by stenotic
      vessels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6363079
TI  - Ventricular arrhythmias associated with lidoflazine: side-effects observed in a
      randomized trial.
AB  - Twenty-four patients received either propranolol, lidoflazine (Clinium), or
      propranolol/lidoflazine combinations in a study designed to evaluate the effect
      of these drugs in angina pectoris. Five patients developed ventricular
      tachycardia when receiving either lidoflazine or lidoflazine and propranolol in
      combination; one of these patients died. In addition, one patient died suddenly
      while being treated with propranolol alone. Lidoflazine therapy was associated
      with a significant prolongation of the QT interval of the electrocardiogram.
      Lidoflazine either alone or in combination with propranolol, appears to induce
      ventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 6363080
TI  - Opposite central cardiovascular effects of various morphine-like drugs and opiate
      peptides in the rat.
AB  - Opiate agonists were administered into the cisterna magna of normotensive
      urethane-anaesthetized artificially-ventilated rats. Increases in blood pressure
      and heart rate were produced by fentanyl (0.3-3.0 nmol). [D-ala]2-met
      enkephalinamide (17 nmol), and beta-endorphin (2.9 nmol). On the contrary,
      ethylketocyclazocine (78.7 nmol) and dynorphin (1-13) (62.3 nmol) produced
      decreases in blood pressure and heart rate. The cardiovascular effects of
      ethylketocyclazocine and dynorphin (1-13) were antagonized by higher doses of
      naloxone than that required to counteract the effects of fentanyl. These results
      suggest that opposite central cardiovascular effects could be induced by
      activation of various opiate receptors.

PMID- 6363081
TI  - Bilateral urinary kallikrein excretion in the Goldblatt hypertensive rat.
AB  - Separate kallikrein excretions [RIA of generated Bradykinins (BK)] and renal
      functions were measured in 32 two-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertensive (GH)
      and in 16 sham-operated (SO) rats either one, two, three or four weeks after
      operation. Mean blood pressure and plasma renin activity were higher in GH rats
      than in the respective controls. In GH rats, kallikrein excretion was lower from
      the clipped kidney than from the controlateral one (114 +/- 63 vs 220 +/- 87 ng
      BK min-1 per 30 min urine collection at week 1, P less than 0.05; 151 +/- 94 vs
      425 +/- 125 ng BK min-1 per 30 min urine volume at week 4, P less than 0.01).
      While the excretion was normal from the controlateral kidney, GH rats had lower
      total kallikrein excretions than SO rats (335 +/- 138 vs 476 +/- 81 ng BK min-1
      per 30 min urine volume at week 1, P less than 0.05; 556 +/- 179 vs 1078 +/- 191
      ng BK min-1 per 30 min urine volume at week 4, P less than 0.01). Urinary
      kallikrein excretion is decreased in 2K-1C Goldblatt hypertension from one week
      to four weeks after clipping on account of an exclusive reduction in that from
      the stenotic kidney.

PMID- 6363082
TI  - Clonidine, acebutolol and their interaction in essential hypertension: effects on
      blood pressure and the control of water and electrolyte balance.
AB  - The effects of 0.5 mg of slow-release (sr) clonidine, 800 mg of acebutolol, and
      of both drugs combined on blood pressure and the water-salt balance were compared
      in 10 patients with essential hypertension. An initial placebo period was
      followed by three 72-h periods during which 5 patients were given sr-clonidine,
      acebutolol plus sr-clonidine, and acebutolol, respectively in that order whereas
      the other 5 received the same drugs in the opposite order. Placebo and active
      medications were given once a day, and the recorded variables were measured 24 h
      after the last intake. Sr-clonidine, acebutolol and their combined administration
      reduced mean blood pressure by 23, 16 and 39 mmHg, respectively, indicating
      first, that single daily doses of sr-clonidine and/or acebutolol constitute
      satisfactory antihypertensive treatments and second, that the interaction of
      these drugs is additive. All three treatments reduced plasma renin activity
      significantly and similarly. A reduction in plasma and urinary aldosterone was
      observed with sr-clonidine, and a decrease in plasma noradrenaline with the
      combined treatment. Both water diuresis and natriuresis rose significantly during
      combined therapy. The additive antihypertensive effects of sr-clonidine and
      acebutolol might be due to the parallel inhibition observed in the renin and
      sympathetic systems, and to the increase in natriuresis.

PMID- 6363083
TI  - The calcium paradox: historical remarks.

PMID- 6363084
TI  - On the mechanism of the calcium paradox: the release of hydrolytic enzymes.
AB  - Sequential perfusion of the heart with Ca2+-free and Ca2+ containing solutions
      leads to defects in myocytal surface membranes through which excess Ca2+ enters
      and cytosolic constituents leave the cells. During Ca2+-free perfusion the
      glycocalyx of the cells is damaged. Lipoprotein lipase, bound to
      mucopolysaccharides on the outside of cells, is released during Ca2+-free
      perfusion. This enzyme, involved in lipoprotein triglyceride uptake into the
      cells, is an alpha-lipase, which also hydrolyzes phospholipids. In addition to
      this phospholipase A1 activity some phospholipase A2 activity, due to another
      enzyme, is partially lost during Ca2+-free perfusion. The partial loss of this
      enzyme might be a reflection of the known increase of motional freedom of
      membrane phospholipids in the absence of Ca2+. The reintroduction of Ca2+ might
      rearrange phospholipids and activate residual phospholipase A2 so that pores
      arise that allow the passage of excess amounts of Ca2+. There is no reason to
      believe that the membranes of the organelles beyond the plasmalemma contribute to
      the early phenomena of the calcium paradox, as no soluble enzymes, contained
      within these organelles, are initially released from the heart. However, the
      calcium overload may stimulate Ca2+-dependent (phospho)lipases and proteases to
      contribute to the irreversible loss of structure and function.

PMID- 6363085
TI  - Introduction of plasma indomethacin level monitoring and evaluation of an
      effective threshold level in very low birth weight infants with symptomatic
      patent ductus arteriosus.
AB  - First results are described of individually tailored indomethacin dose rates
      employing on-line drug level monitoring for pharmacologically induced ductal
      constriction in very low birth weight infants with symptomatic patent ductus
      arteriosus (sPDA). In addition prolonged indomethacin therapy was introduced.
      From our data it appears that the effective threshold indomethacin level for the
      induction of ductus constriction has to be about 1000 ng/ml 10 h postdosing,
      while ductus closure can be maintained with a dose rate that exceeds a plasma
      level of 500 ng/ml for at least 1 week. These maintenance levels were also
      effective in completely suppressing the urinary metabolite excretion rates of
      PGI2 and PGE2, which are potential mediators of ductal relaxation. On-line
      indomethacin level monitoring appears to be practically essential for prolonged
      indomethacin therapy to overcome the marked variation of indomethacin disposition
      in preterm infants with sPDA.

PMID- 6363086
TI  - Prognostic value of in vitro measurements of platelet aggregability and
      fibrinolytic activity in patients with reversible cerebral ischemic attacks.
AB  - Platelet aggregability and fibrinolytic activity were studied repeatedly in 83
      patients with reversible cerebral ischemic attacks over a median follow-up period
      of 26 months. Platelet hyperaggregability, defined as in vitro secondary
      aggregation obtained by adenosine diphosphate concentration less than or equal to
      1 mumol/l, was demonstrated in 36.1% or the patients examined 5-8 days after the
      attack, but only in 6% of age- and sex-matched blood donors (p less than 0.001).
      Fibrinolytic activity was reduced in 57.8% of the patients, as compared with
      20.5% of the controls. At the time of follow-up only 8% of the survivors showed
      platelet hyperaggregability, whereas the fibrinolytic activity was still reduced
      in 44.4%. Over the observation period 21.7% of the patients had a stroke or died.
      No significant correlation was found between abnormalities of platelet
      aggregability or of fibrinolytic activity, when observed 5-8 days after the
      ischemic episode, and the subsequent risk of stroke or death. It is concluded
      that in patients with recent cerebral ischemic attacks the demonstration of
      platelet hyperaggregability or reduced fibrinolytic activity appears to be
      without prognostic significance.

PMID- 6363087
TI  - An overview of the EORTC Breast Cancer Cooperative Group's activities.

PMID- 6363088
TI  - Epidemiology of breast cancer; a review.

PMID- 6363089
TI  - Psychosocial aspects of breast cancer; a review.

PMID- 6363090
TI  - Breast conserving therapy in operable breast cancer; a review.

PMID- 6363091
TI  - Adjuvant systemic therapy in breast cancer; a review.

PMID- 6363092
TI  - Autologous bone marrow transplantation in hematological malignancies.

PMID- 6363094
TI  - Supralethal dose therapy for sensitive cancers.

PMID- 6363093
TI  - Immunology of human brain tumors.

PMID- 6363095
TI  - Treatment of metastatic breast cancer patients with different dosages of
      megestrol acetate; dose relations, metabolic and endocrine effects.
AB  - Megestrol acetate (MA) is of therapeutic value in breast cancer patients. This
      study was designed to evaluate the effects of different dosages of MA on
      endocrine events potentially influenced by the drug in relation to plasma level
      of MA and clinical effects in patients with advanced breast cancer. Eighteen
      postmenopausal patients were randomly distributed over six groups to receive
      daily 90, 180 or 270 mg of MA (niagestin) orally in a cross-over study consisting
      of 3 periods of 6 weeks. Complete remission was observed in 1 patient, partial
      remission in 9, no change in 4 and failure in 4 patients. During the 18 weeks of
      treatment plasma levels of MA gradually increased, irrespective of the dose
      administered. Significant rises of the basal and TRH-stimulated plasma PRL and
      basal insulin levels were observed, whereas LH and FSH, estradiol, SHBG and the
      pituitary-adrenal axis were suppressed. None of these metabolic effects showed a
      correlation with the clinical response. We concluded that treatment of metastatic
      breast cancer with 180 mg MA/day is effective and causes minimal adverse effects.

PMID- 6363096
TI  - Comparison of the antihypertensive effect of a double dose of metoprolol versus
      the addition of hydrochlorothiazide to metoprolol.
AB  - In 27 hypertensive patients whose blood pressure could not be adequately
      controlled with 200 mg metoprolol Durules alone, the effect of a double dose of
      metoprolol Durules (400 mg once daily) was compared with a fixed combination of
      200 mg metoprolol and 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide (Selokomb). The study followed a
      double-blind cross-over schedule in 2 parallel groups. The reduction in diastolic
      blood pressure (p less than 0.01) was comparable in the two groups. A significant
      fall (p less than 0.01) in systolic blood pressure occurred with the
      metoprolol/hydrochlorothiazide combination. The subsequent change from the double
      dose of metoprolol Durules to the combination therapy also resulted in a fall in
      systolic blood pressure (p less than 0.05). Mean serum potassium and blood
      glucose levels did not change after each alteration in therapy. Most of the side
      effects mentioned were mild and transient in character.

PMID- 6363097
TI  - Nifedipine in the treatment of hypertension.
AB  - Nifedipine, a calcium antagonist with a predominant vasodilator action, was
      evaluated for the treatment of hypertension. A 20 mg-tablet, with a slower
      absorption and a more sustained blood-level than provided by the 10 mg-capsule
      was administered to 20 patients. The duration of the trial was 20 weeks. All
      patients achieved a significant reduction in both systolic (p less than 0.05) and
      diastolic (p less than 0.001) blood-pressure (B.P.), but 10 patients were
      withdrawn before completion of the trial period. Two patients, although achieving
      a fall in B.P. which was significant, did not reach to target level (less than
      160/90) on maximal dosage, one patient suffered a stroke due to a cerebral
      infarct, and seven patients were withdrawn because of side-effects due mainly to
      vasodilatation. The remaining 10 patients obtained a satisfactory response. In
      nine patients, who had achieved a satisfactory result, there was no change in
      plasma renin activity (P.R.A.) during chronic nifedipine administration.

PMID- 6363098
TI  - Comparative efficacy of different methods of nebulising terbutaline.
AB  - The efficacy of terbutaline inhaled from different aerosol systems was studied in
      13 adult asthmatics. Terbutaline 1 mg was delivered from a pressurised aerosol, 1
      and 4 mg were inhaled from a nebuliser, 1 mg was inhaled through a pressurised
      aerosol with a pear-shaped, 750 ml spacer, and 1 mg was inhaled from a nebuliser
      with Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation (I.P.P.V.). An open, randomized,
      cross-over design was used. The bronchodilator effect was evaluated by recording
      hourly flow-volume curves and the FEV1.0 for 5 h after treatment. No significant
      difference in bronchodilatation was observed after inhalation of 1 mg terbutaline
      from different aerosol systems, except following use of the nebuliser, which
      required approximately four times as much terbutaline to obtain the same effect
      as the ordinary spray.

PMID- 6363099
TI  - Circadian profiles of blood glucose and plasma free insulin during treatment with
      semisynthetic and biosynthetic human insulin, and comparison with conventional
      monocomponent preparations.
AB  - Sixteen hospitalized insulin requiring diabetics treated with a single daily
      subcutaneous injection were randomly allocated either to a mixture of porcine
      Actrapid + Lente MC or a mixture of Regular + NPH-Biosynthetic human insulin
      (Study 1). In Study 2, 10 patients receiving two daily insulin injections were
      treated at random with either porcine Actrapid + Monotard, or Actrapid + Monotard
      Semisynthetic human insulin or Regular + NPH--Biosynthetic human insulin. Once an
      optimal insulin regimen was obtained, circadian blood glucose and plasma free
      insulin profiles (7-9 time points) were determined with the two (Study 1) or
      three (Study 2) insulin preparations, keeping the doses of insulin constant. In
      Study 1 no significant difference in blood glucose (BG) or plasma free insulin
      (FIRI) profiles was observed. The mean daily blood glucose, the mean amplitude of
      glycaemic excursions (MAGE), the index of blood glucose control (M-value of
      Schlichtkrull), as well as the postbreakfast increases in blood glucose and mean
      free IRI, were similar with both types of insulin. In Study 2, BG and FIRI
      profiles were also similar, except for a significantly lower (p less than 0.02)
      BG at 8.30 p.m. with both human insulins. No significant differences were found
      in free IRI at that time. Mean BG, M index, MAGE and mean FIRI were similar but
      the postbreakfast increase was significantly smaller with SHI. In conclusion, the
      pharmacokinetics of animal monocomponent, semisynthetic and biosynthetic human
      insulin appear similar, but evening BG control was better with both types of
      human insulins given twice daily.

PMID- 6363101
TI  - Antisecretory effects of berberine with morphine, clonidine, L-phenylephrine,
      yohimbine or neostigmine in pig jejunum.
AB  - The effects of berberine alone or in combination with morphine, clonidine, L
      phenylephrine or yohimbine were compared in Escherichia coli heat-stable
      enterotoxin (ST)-exposed ligated jejunal loops in 2 week old pigs. In addition,
      net water and electrolyte fluxes in normal jejunal loops were measured in the
      presence of neostigmine, morphine, clonidine, L-phenylephrine or yohimbine alone
      or in combination with berberine. Berberine, morphine, clonidine and L
      phenylephrine each reduced the net secretion of water and electrolytes induced by
      ST (P less than 0.05). A significant enhancement of antisecretory effect was
      observed only with the combination of berberine and L-phenylephrine. Yohimbine or
      neostigmine augmented the net loss of water and electrolytes produced by ST.
      Yohimbine did not block the antisecretory action of berberine. In normal jejunum,
      there was no significant difference in water and ion absorption between
      adrenergic or opiate agonists alone and their combination with berberine.
      Neostigmine reversed absorption to net secretion in normal jejunum and this
      effect was significantly reduced by berberine. The anti-secretory action of
      berberine appears similar to that of alpha 2-adrenergic agonists, opiates, and
      anticholinergic agents.

PMID- 6363100
TI  - Immune elimination of aging platelets by autologous monocytes: role of membrane
      specific autoantibody.
AB  - Membrane-bound IgG was found only on old populations of platelets from normal
      individuals. This IgG could be dissociated from senescent cells by repeatedly
      heating the cells. Heat-eluted IgG (He-IgG) prepared from senescent red blood
      cells was capable of binding to either heat-treated old platelets or Vibrio
      cholerae neuraminidase (VCN)-treated young platelets, suggesting expression of a
      common age-dependent antigen on the senescent red blood cells and old platelets.
      We analyzed the role of membrane-bound IgG in the immune elimination of aging
      platelets by direct phagocytosis of different platelet subpopulations by
      autologous monocytes in vitro. While removal of He-IgG from old platelets
      inhibited their phagocytosis, preincubation of either heat-treated old or VCN
      treated young platelets promoted phagocytosis of these cells by autologous
      monocytes. The phagocytosis of senescent cells required intact IgG on these
      cells. Either removal of Fc fragments from He-IgG or treatment of autologous
      monocytes with Fc fragments prior to the phagocytosis assay resulted in a marked
      reduction of phagocytosis (greater than 75%). We conclude that Fc receptors on
      the monocytes and the presence of membrane-specific IgG are crucial elements for
      immune elimination of senescent platelets.

PMID- 6363102
TI  - Effects of procaine amide, quinidine and ethmozin on delayed
      afterdepolarizations.
AB  - We studied the effects of three chemically different antiarrhythmic drugs on
      ouabain-induced delayed afterdepolarizations (DAD) in canine Purkinje fibers. The
      three drugs, ethmozin, 4.6 X 10(-6) M; procaine amide, 1.1 X 10(-4) M; and
      quinidine, 1.13 X 10(-6) M reduced DAD amplitude equivalently at drive cycle
      lengths less than 500 ms. Quinidine and procaine amide in these concentrations
      had no effect on the action potential characteristics except for a prolongation
      of action potential duration (APD) induced by procaine amide. Ethmozin reduced
      action potential amplitude, maximum upstroke velocity of phase 0 (Vmax), and APD
      measured to 50% and full repolarization (APD50 and APD100). Rate dependent
      changes in Vmax and maximum diastolic potential (MDP) were not exaggerated by
      quinidine in the ouabain intoxicated Purkinje fibers. The DAD coupling interval
      was increased as DAD amplitude decreased with all three drugs. Although ethmozin,
      procaine amide and quinidine similarly reduced DAD amplitude; procaine amide and
      quinidine exerted these effects in the absence of other transmembrane potential
      effects, whereas ethmozin did so only in concentrations that depressed the action
      potential as well.

PMID- 6363103
TI  - [Induction of dietetic diabetes in Microtus arvalis Pallas and its developmental
      mechanism].
AB  - In Microtus arvalis Pallas, new born voles were fostered to ICR mice and supplied
      with pellets for mice after weaning. A high concentration of glycosuria was shown
      in about 50% of the voles and continued for over ten weeks. Concentrations of
      blood glucose and plasma FFA iun glycosuric voles were three or four times as
      high as those in normal controls. The fermentation ability and pH lowered in the
      esophageal sac, and comparatively large amount of starch existed in the pyloric
      stomach of the glycosuric voles. This demonstrated that the dietary starch were
      tolerably transported to the pyloric stomach without being fermented in the
      esophageal sac. Glycosuria was also induced in about 50% of the voles supplied
      with an acidified water (0.02 N HCl, pH 1.7), and the glycosuric voles showed a
      low pH (1.4-4.2) and lowering of the fermentative ability in esophageal sac. Such
      an abnormal fermented conditions in the esophageal sac is considered to induce
      glycosuria in the voles. Glucose tolerance in the diabetic voles which were
      supplied with pellets for mice lowered considerably with the progress of the
      disease. On the other hand, plasma insulin levels in the slight diabetic cases
      rose to eight times as high as normal level, but they lowered considerably with
      the progress. In the serious cases, the voles fell into complete insulin
      deficiency. From the above results, the herbivorous Microtus species was
      considered to be useful as an "animal model" of the dietetic diabetes.

PMID- 6363104
TI  - Cell surface molecules and tumor metastasis. Regulation of metastatic phenotypic
      diversity.
AB  - Metastatic tumor cells are characterized by quantitative alterations in cell
      surface and other properties that confer to these cells their abilities to
      invade, disseminate, implant, survive and grow at secondary sites. Metastasis is
      also determined by a variety of host factors that prevent, allow or even
      stimulate metastatic processes. The emergence of diversified cell subpopulations
      in malignant tumors insures that some cells will ultimately become highly
      metastatic, resulting in tumor progression towards characteristics which are the
      most favorable for survival and growth. Unknown mechanisms appear to stimulate
      and then to control phenotypic diversification of tumor cell subpopulations.
      These mechanisms may be altered by genetic (mutational) and/or epigenetic (non
      mutational) modifications that individually influence cells within a malignant
      neoplasm.

PMID- 6363105
TI  - Chlamydomonas agglutinin conjugated to agarose beads as an in vitro probe of
      adhesion.
AB  - Flagellar sexual agglutinins are responsible for the primary recognition and
      adhesion events of mating in Chlamydomonas reinhardi which culminate in zygotic
      union of plus and minus gametes. Recent studies in this laboratory have shown the
      plus agglutinin to be an extremely large (greater than 10(6) D) and asymmetric
      glycoprotein containing a high proportion of hydroxyproline and serine residues
      [14, 27, 28]. This paper reports an improved method for in vitro investigations
      of the adhesive nature of this molecule. Purified agglutinin is covalently
      attached to an insoluble (Affi-gel 15 agarose bead) support and shown to retain
      potent agglutination activity when presented to living minus gametes, which
      rapidly and extensively adhere to the coated bead surface by their flagella. The
      specificity of the response is documented by the lack of interaction of plus
      gametes with the immobilized plus agglutinin (IA+). Using this simple yet
      sensitive bioassay, we have subjected IA+ beads to various enzymatic, chemical
      and physical treatments and assessed the effects on agglutinin activity. These
      studies reveal that Chlamydomonas plus agglutinin is sensitive to thermolysin or
      trypsin digestion, alkaline borohydride reduction, periodate oxidation, thiol
      reduction and heating at 65 degrees C, but unaffected by treatment with
      chymotrypsin, endo- or exoglycosidases, or incubation with isolated minus
      agglutinin. The implications of these results for agglutinin structure and
      possible functional interactions in initial recognition/adhesion events are
      discussed.

PMID- 6363106
TI  - A temperature-sensitive N-glycosylation mutant of S. cerevisiae that behaves like
      a cell-cycle mutant.
AB  - The temperature-sensitive S. cerevisiae mutant alg1-1, defective in the N
      glycosylation of proteins, shows a first cycle arrest at the non-permissive
      temperature of 36 degrees C. The cell number increases by 50% and the absorbance
      approximately doubles. The budding index of 0.4 at 26 degrees C drops to 0.15 and
      DNA synthesis quickly comes to a halt at 36 degrees C. When the temperature is
      lowered again, budding and DNA synthesis start after a lag of 2-3 h; alpha-factor
      prevents both these processes in cells of mating type a. In addition, cells
      arrested at 26 degrees C in G1 with alpha-factor also do not start budding at the
      non-permissive temperature after removal of alpha-factor. The results support
      recent findings obtained with tunicamycin and suggest that at least one
      glycoprotein is required for G1-S phase transition in yeast.

PMID- 6363107
TI  - Stimulation of HTC hepatoma cell growth in vitro by hepatic stimulator substance
      (HSS). Interactions with serum, insulin, glucagon, epidermal growth factor and
      platelet derived growth factor.
AB  - Hepatic stimulator substance (HSS), a partially purified extract of weanling or
      regenerating adult rat liver, is an organ-specific stimulator of liver growth in
      vivo and in vitro. The HTC hepatoma cell line is particularly responsive to HSS.
      The present experiments show that HSS will stimulate HTC cells in the complete
      absence of serum, although graded doses of fetal cal serum (FCS), from 0.1 to
      5.0%, will increase the degree of stimulation in a dose-dependent manner. In
      contrast, when HSS is absent, increasing doses of FCS above 0.5% inhibit DNA
      synthesis. Much of this inhibition is removed by prior dialysis of the FCS and
      maximum enhancement of the HSS-induced stimulation occurs with only 0.1-0.5% of
      the dialysed FCS. Sera from older animals have less or even negative effect.
      Evidence is presented to show that the enhanced stimulation by HSS in the
      presence of serum is not due to insulin, glucagon, epidermal growth factor (EGF),
      or platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and that HSS does not act via a shared
      receptor for one of these hormones. These experiments provide further evidence
      that HSS is a unique stimulator of liver growth and lend support to a model of
      organ-specific growth control.

PMID- 6363109
TI  - Purification of a growth inhibitor for Ehrlich ascites mammary carcinoma cells
      from bovine mammary gland.
AB  - A growth inhibitor for Ehrlich ascites mammary carcinoma cells in vitro has been
      purified from bovine mammary gland. The purification procedure involving
      homogenization and differential centrifugation under hypotonic conditions,
      ammonium sulfate precipitation, ultrafiltration, gel chromatography and
      preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) yielded an inhibitor
      showing half-maximal inhibition of cell proliferation in concentrations of 1-3 ng
      protein per ml. Upon 125I labelling and analysis by SDS gel electrophoresis, most
      purified preparations revealed a single band of 12-14 kD, likely to be
      representative for the inhibitory protein. The inhibitor was shown to affect
      resumption of proliferation of stationary cells; however, it was inactive towards
      cells stimulated by incubation with medium before adding the inhibitor. The
      inhibitor is heat-labile, does not act by exhausting essential components of
      culture medium, and its action is antagonized by insulin.

PMID- 6363108
TI  - Intracellular protein degradation in cultures of dystrophic muscle cells and
      fibroblasts.
AB  - We have analysed protein degradation in primary cultures of normal and dystrophic
      chick muscle, in fibroblasts derived from normal and dystrophic chicks, and in
      human skin fibroblasts from normal donors and from patients with Duchenne
      muscular dystrophy (DMD). Our results indicate that degradative rates of both
      short- and long-lived proteins are unaltered in dystrophic muscle cells and in
      dystrophic fibroblasts. Longer times in culture and co-culturing chick
      fibroblasts with the chick myotubes do not expose any dystrophy-related
      abnormalities in protein catabolism. Furthermore, normal and dystrophic muscle
      cells and fibroblasts are equally able to regulate proteolysis in response to
      serum and insulin. We conclude that cultures of chick myotubes, chick
      fibroblasts, and fibroblasts derived from humans afflicted with DMD are not
      appropriate models for studying the enhanced protein degradation observed in
      dystrophy.

PMID- 6363110
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a 25K serine proteinase from bovine lens
      cortex.
AB  - A lens serine proteinase with trypsin-like specificity has been purified to
      homogeneity. This is one of two serine proteinases associated with the alpha
      crystallin fraction from bovine lens. The purification was accomplished by a
      combination of isoelectric precipitation, activation to release the proteinase,
      gel-filtration and affinity chromatography. The purified proteinase showed a
      single protein band of 25 000 daltons on SDS-PAGE. A single protein band was also
      seen on non-denaturing gels which correlated with the location of the proteinase
      activity. The proteinase had a pH optimum between 7.2 and 8.2, was stable between
      pH 5.8 and 8.6 but was unstable above 40 degrees C upon heating. The enzyme
      lacked any requirement for metal ions and hydrolyzed arginine, lysine and
      asparagine substrates. alpha-Crystallin, and especially the B-chain of alpha
      crystalline, was rapidly hydrolyzed by the proteinase compared to other lens
      crystallins. Metallo- and cysteine-proteinase inhibitors had no effect upon the
      enzyme activity whereas three different serine-proteinase inhibitors completely
      abolished all activity. A number of protein and peptide trypsin inhibitors also
      completely inhibited the lens 25K serine proteinase.

PMID- 6363111
TI  - Birth and development of a scientific journal, and a society.

PMID- 6363112
TI  - Major complications of marrow harvesting for transplantation.
AB  - Complications to bone marrow donors were analyzed for 2027 transplants reported
      to the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry and for 1263 transplants
      performed in Seattle. Thus, a total of 3290 donor risk episodes were available
      for study. The incidence of major, i.e., life-threatening complications in the
      combined series was 0.27%. Neither death nor permanent residua occurred in any of
      the donors.

PMID- 6363113
TI  - Partial purification and characterization of a colony-stimulating factor secreted
      by a T lymphocyte clone.
AB  - The mouse T lymphocyte clone L2 secretes a minimum of 10 lymphokine activities
      affecting at least 5 different target cells. Large amounts of colony-stimulating
      factor (CSF) (8.6 X 10(6) U/ml) can be obtained by stimulating L2 cells with
      concanavalin A. The major CSF activity secreted by L2 cells has been enriched to
      a specific activity of approximately 2-4 X 10(8) colonies/mg of protein using
      hydrophobic-interaction, gel-permeation, ion-exchange, and lectin-affinity
      chromatography. This preparation of CSF contains no detectable interleukin 2,
      interleukin 3, or interferon. The major L2-cell CSF induces
      granulocyte/macrophage colonies from bone marrow cells. This GM CSF has an
      apparent Mr of 22,000 as determined by gel-permeation chromatography. Treatment
      of L2-cell CSF with proteolytic enzymes abrogates biologic activity.

PMID- 6363114
TI  - The impact of the composition of the bone marrow graft on engraftment and graft
      versus-host disease.
AB  - To study the impact of the composition of the bone-marrow graft on engraftment
      and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), we analyzed the data on 29 patients with
      acute leukemia in remission and 11 patients with aplastic anemia. All of them
      received bone-marrow grafts from HLA matched, MLC nonreactive, sibling donors,
      were nursed in laminar down-flow isolators with selective gut decontamination,
      and received GvHD prophylaxis with methotrexate. The number of nucleated cells in
      the marrow graft/kg body weight of the recipient had no relation with the
      rapidity of engraftment or with the occurrence and severity of GvHD. The number
      of hematopoietic progenitor cells (CFUc)/kg had a weak, but significant,
      correlation with both the number of neutrophils at day 30 post BMT and with the
      day at which the reticulocytes passed the 10% level. The number of T cells/kg did
      not show any correlation with either the occurrence or the severity of GvHD. Our
      data show that the concentration of hematopoietic progenitor cells in the graft
      correlates with the rapidity of engraftment. However, within the range of numbers
      of T cells infused in this study, no correlation is present between T cells in
      the graft and GvHD. Therefore, nearly complete depletion of marrow grafts of T
      cells is probably necessary to effectively decrease the incidence of GvHD.

PMID- 6363115
TI  - Genetic analysis of serum thyroxine content and audiogenic seizures in
      recombinant inbred and congenic strains of mice.
AB  - We previously proposed that the audiogenic seizure (AGS) susceptibility of 21 +/-
      1-day-old DBA/2 (D2) mice may result from an early postnatal elevation in serum
      thyroxine (T4) concentration. In the present study we used seven C57 X DBA (BXD)
      recombinant inbred strains and the D2.B6-Iasb congenic strain to study the
      association between serum T4 content and susceptibility to AGS. The D2.B6-Iasb
      congenic mice are genetically similar to the D2 mice except for the Iasb gene,
      which inhibits AGS susceptibility. The total and estimated free serum T4
      concentrations in these strains at 14 +/- 1 days of age were compared with the
      previously determined AGS susceptibilities of these strains at 21 +/- 1 days of
      age. We found no significant correlations between serum T4 concentration and AGS
      susceptibility in these strains. It is unlikely, therefore, that inherited
      differences in neonatal serum T4 content are directly responsible for differences
      in susceptibility to AGS in 21 +/- 1-day-old mice. The mechanisms by which the
      experimental manipulation of serum T4 content influences AGS susceptibility are
      discussed.

PMID- 6363116
TI  - Plasmodium berghei: eosinophilic depression of infection in mice.
AB  - The effects of eosinophilia on the course of Plasmodium berghei infection in mice
      were studied. Eosinophilia was induced by intravenous injection of Ascaris suum
      body fluid into the mice. Results indicated that eosinophils may play a role in
      the suppression of murine malaria. A significant reduction in parasitemias and
      increased survival time in eosinophilic mice occurred compared to mice not
      treated with A. suum body fluid. Reduction of parasitemia was effectively
      achieved when the mice were challenged with P. berghei, only after the level of
      eosinophils reached at least 10% of total white cell counts in the circulation.
      These findings may offer an additional explanation for the suppression of malaria
      in individuals with severe ascariasis.

PMID- 6363117
TI  - Plasmodium falciparum: continuous cultivation of erythrocyte stages in plasma
      free culture medium.
AB  - Continuous in vitro cultivation of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum,
      was performed in plasma-free medium. The medium used was standard RPMI 1640
      supplemented with adenosine, unsaturated C-18 fatty acids, and fatty acid-free
      bovine serum albumin. The medium was changed daily and the cultures were diluted
      with washed erythrocytes twice weekly. Growth was routinely maintained for 1
      month at which time the experiments were usually terminated. Although the overall
      growth rates were consistently lower than in control cultures with plasma,
      continuous growth occurred in the absence of plasma in cultures containing cis
      vaccenic, oleic, and linoleic acids.

PMID- 6363119
TI  - Cadmium contamination in agriculture and zootechnology.

PMID- 6363120
TI  - Reconstruction of tRNAPhe molecules from the fragments by linkage with T-4 RNA
      ligase in double-stranded regions.
AB  - Phenylalanine-specific tRNA from yeast was hydrolysed with cobra venom
      ribonuclease in the double-stranded regions and the fragments isolated. The
      'dissected' molecules with nicks in positions 28 and 41 were reconstructed from
      supplementary fragments and treated with T-4 RNA ligase. A phosphodiester bond
      between two fragments was formed when the fragment combination (1-28) + (29-76)
      was used. A strong discrimination in the ligation yield between different nick
      positions in the same helix is shown.

PMID- 6363118
TI  - Biological indicators of cadmium exposure and toxicity.
AB  - The increasing environmental and occupational exposure of populations to cadmium
      creates the need for biological indicators of cadmium exposure and toxicity. The
      advantages and disadvantages of monitoring blood cadmium, urinary, fecal, hair,
      and tissue cadmium, serum creatinine, beta 2-microglobulin, alpha 1-antitrypsin
      and other proteins, and urinary amino acids, enzymes, total proteins, glucose,
      beta 2-microglobulin, retinol-binding protein, lysozyme, and metallothionein are
      discussed. It is concluded that urinary cadmium, metallothionein and beta 2
      microglobulin may be used together to assess cadmium exposure and toxicity.

PMID- 6363121
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of the elongation factor Tu in E. coli cells.
AB  - The localization of the elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) in ultrathin cryosections of
      E. coli cells was determined with the electron microscope using a highly specific
      immunological labelling technique. EF-Tu is distributed almost homogeneously
      throughout the cytoplasm. Although it has often been suggested that EF-Tu could
      be part of a putative prokaryotic cytoskeleton, we did not find any evidence for
      supramolecular assemblies, such as fibres or filaments, containing a large amount
      of EF-Tu. EF-Tu was not observed in association with the outer cell membrane and
      periplasmic space. A topological relationship with the inner membrane is not
      apparent in our micrographs. In cells in which the EF-Tu level is raised
      significantly, the protein piles up in discrete cell regions.

PMID- 6363122
TI  - A comparison of the phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms of isocitrate
      dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli ML308.
AB  - NADP+ can protect active isocitrate dehydrogenase against attack by several
      proteases. Inactive phosphorylated isocitrate dehydrogenase is much less
      susceptible to proteolysis than the active enzyme, and it is not protected by
      NADP+. The results suggest that binding of NADP+ to, or phosphorylation of,
      active isocitrate dehydrogenase induces similar conformational states.
      Fluorescence titration experiments show that NADPH can bind to active but not to
      inactive isocitrate dehydrogenase. It is suggested that the phosphorylation of
      isocitrate dehydrogenase may occur close to its coenzyme binding site.

PMID- 6363124
TI  - Synthesis and partial maturation of the alpha- and gamma-subunits of the mouse
      submaxillary gland nerve growth factor in Xenopus laevis oocytes.
AB  - Sera raised against the alpha-, beta- and gamma-subunits of the mouse 7 S NGF
      were used to characterize translation products coded by submaxillary gland mRNAs
      microinjected into Xenopus oocytes. Anti-beta NGF sera did not cross-react with
      any material. In contrast, the precursors of the alpha- and gamma-subunits, as
      well as that of renin were identified. Use of tunicamycin, and a comparison of
      the translation products obtained in oocytes or in the reticulocyte lysate
      indicated that oocytes achieved the cleavage of signal sequences, the
      glycosylation of the alpha- and gamma-precursors, and the subsequent secretion of
      the 3 proteins. In the submaxillary gland, however, the mature forms of alpha
      NGF, gamma NGF and renin are composed of peptides of smaller size than those
      produced by the oocytes. These latter appear to lack specific proteases involved
      in the terminal processing of the submaxillary gland proteins.

PMID- 6363123
TI  - The effect of carbacyclin, a prostaglandin analogue, on adenylate cyclase
      activity in platelet membranes.
AB  - The effect of carbacyclin, a chemically stable analogue of prostacyclin, on the
      activity of adenylate cyclase in platelet membranes was measured, and compared
      with the effect of PGE1. When GTP was added in concentrations up to 10 microM the
      activation of adenylate cyclase by carbacyclin was increased, whereas higher
      concentrations of GTP were inhibitory. The addition of a non-hydrolysable
      analogue of GDP, guanosine 5'-[beta-thio]diphosphate (GDP[beta S] ) resulted in a
      dose-dependent inhibition of adenylate cyclase activation by carbacyclin; this
      inhibition was relieved by adding increased amounts of GTP.

PMID- 6363125
TI  - Modulation of beta-oxidation and proton conductance pathway of brown adipose
      tissue in hypo- and hyperinsulinemic states.
AB  - The metabolic capacity of interscapular brown adipose tissue of hypoinsulinemic
      (diabetic) rats is decreased and a reduced beta-oxidative capacity contributes to
      this metabolic alteration. It was thus of interest to compare, in diabetic and in
      chronically (8 days) insulin-infused rats, the beta-oxidative capacity and
      indices of the thermogenic state (GDP-binding and 32 000 Mr protein) in this
      tissue. Mitochondrial GDP-binding and 32 000 Mr protein were both decreased in
      diabetic rats compared to appropriate controls and markedly increased as was also
      the beta-oxidative capacity in hyperinsulinemic rats.

PMID- 6363126
TI  - Increases in permeability of Escherichia coli outer membrane induced by
      polycations.
AB  - The action of polycations (such as polylysine and compound 48/80) on Escherichia
      coli was studied with use of Ca2+, K+ and TPP+ ion-selective electrodes. Rapid
      efflux of Ca2+ was observed when a polycation was added in cell suspension. The
      polycation treatment promoted a drug-inducing K+ release from the cytoplasmic
      membrane. TPP+ uptake was also increased by addition of a polycation. Without the
      polycation treatment, the uptake of TPP+ was largely suppressed due to a
      permeability barrier of the outer membrane. The results show that a polycation
      disrupted the permeability barrier of the outer membrane.

PMID- 6363127
TI  - The major outer membrane lipoprotein and new lipoproteins share a common signal
      peptidase that exists in the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli.
AB  - The cell envelope of Escherichia coli possesses several lipoproteins including
      the major outer membrane lipoprotein. These lipoproteins are synthesized as a
      signal peptide-carrying precursor that is subsequently modified with glyceride.
      In this work, lipoprotein signal peptidase that processes the precursor of the
      major lipoprotein was partially purified from cells harboring a plasmid that
      carries the gene for this enzyme (1spA). The enzyme was also active against the
      glyceride-containing precursors of the peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein and
      many additional membrane lipoproteins. The unmodified precursor of the major
      lipoprotein was not attacked by the enzyme. The enzyme was exclusively localized
      in the cytoplasmic membrane.

PMID- 6363128
TI  - Enkephalin degrading enzymes are present in the electric organ of Torpedo
      californica.
AB  - Two proteolytic activities that degrade [Leu5]enkephalin were found in Torpedo
      californica electric organ. One is a soluble aminopeptidase that degrades
      enkephalin at the Tyr1-Gly2 peptide bond, and the second is an endopeptidase that
      degrades enkephalin at the Gly3-Phe4 peptide bond. The aminopeptidase is
      inhibited by low concentrations of puromycin and bestatin. More than 60% of the
      endopeptidase is associated with the particulate fraction and is almost
      completely inhibited by low concentrations of captopril (SQ 14225) or SQ 20881
      (potent inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme). Thiorphan and
      phosphoramidon (potent enkephalinase inhibitors) are much less effective. The
      pattern of cleavage and inhibition of the particulate endopeptidase thus
      resembles that of angiotensin converting enzyme.

PMID- 6363129
TI  - Biosynthesis of intestinal microvillar proteins. Further characterization of the
      intracellular processing and transport.
AB  - The effect of tunicamycin on synthesis and intracellular transport of pig small
      intestinal aminopeptidase N (EC 3.4.11.2), sucrase-isomaltase (EC 3.2.1.48-10)
      and maltase-glucoamylase (EC 3.2.1.20) was studied by labelling of mucosal
      explants with [35S]methionine. The expression of the microvillar enzymes was
      greatly reduced by tunicamycin but could be partially restored by leupeptin,
      suggesting the existence of a mechanism whereby newly synthesized, malprocessed
      enzymes are recognized and degraded. In the presence of tunicamycin, polypeptides
      likely to represent non-glycosylated forms of the enzymes persisted in the Mg2+
      precipitated membrane fraction, indicating that high mannose glycosylation is
      essential for transport to the microvillar membrane. Treatment of aminopeptidase
      N and sucrase-isomaltase with endo F reduced the size of the high mannose forms
      approximately to those seen in the presence of tunicamycin. The complex forms
      were also sensitive to endo F but did not coincide with the high mannose forms
      after treatment, indicating that the size difference cannot alone be ascribed to
      processing of N-linked carbohydrate.

PMID- 6363130
TI  - Ribosomal protein L16 binds to the 3'-end of transfer RNA.
AB  - Escherichia coli 50 S ribosomal subunits were reconstituted with and without
      protein L16 present. The latter particles, although active in puromycin reaction,
      were unable to use CACCA-Phe as an acceptor substrate. We also found that L16
      interacts directly with this oligonucleotide and, in the complex with tRNA,
      protects its 3'-end from pancreatic ribonuclease digestion. We suggest that the
      role of L16 is in the fixation of the aminoacyl stem of tRNA to the ribosome at
      its A-site.

PMID- 6363131
TI  - Do hydrophobic sequences cleaved from cellular polypeptides induce membrane
      fusion reactions in vivo?
AB  - The concept that a direct interaction between Ca2+ and phospholipids is a major
      factor in membrane fusion reactions is questioned. Attention is drawn to a number
      of findings on associations between fusion and the proteolysis of membrane
      proteins. It is proposed that hydrophobic polypeptides, which are functionally
      comparable to the fusogenic proteins of certain viruses but which are produced in
      cells by the endogenous proteolysis of membrane and cellular proteins, may induce
      membrane fusion reactions in vivo.

PMID- 6363132
TI  - Vacuoles are not the sole compartments of proteolytic enzymes in yeast.
AB  - Localization in vacuoles, the lysosome-like organelle of yeast, was checked for
      several newly detected proteolytic enzymes. While aminopeptidase Co and
      carboxypeptidase S were found in vacuoles, proteinase D and proteinase E as well
      as a variety of other proteolytic activities detectable with the aid of
      chromogenic peptide substrates do not reside in this cell compartment.

PMID- 6363133
TI  - Amino acid sequence of human factor D of the complement system. Similarity in
      sequence between factor D and proteases of non-plasma origin.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of human factor D is proposed from the analysis of the
      peptides produced by treatment of the factor D with cyanogen bromide,
      iodosobenzoic acid, trypsin and V-8 protease. Comparison of the proposed sequence
      with the sequences of other serine esterases indicated that factor D, although it
      is a plasma serine esterase, is more closely related to certain proteases not
      found in the plasma than to other plasma serine esterases of the complement
      system. For example, 36% and 32% identity in amino acid sequence was found on
      comparison of factor D with elastase and group-specific protease, respectively.
      Whereas only 27% and 18% identity was observed between factor D and the other
      complement serine esterases, Clr and factor B, respectively.

PMID- 6363134
TI  - Location of haem-binding sites in the mitochondrial cytochrome b.
AB  - Amino acid sequences of 6 mitochondrial cytochromes b are analysed to locate the
      binding sites of the two protohaems. Four invariant histidines are found in two
      protein segments which span the membrane. In each, two histidines are separated
      by 13 residues. This would place them on the same sides of alpha-helices, and the
      protohaems could be sandwiched as bis-imidazole complexes between the two
      transmembrane segments. In this model the haems are located in different halves
      of the bilayer; the Fe-Fe distance is about 20 A.

PMID- 6363136
TI  - Influence of parasitic infection on food intake.
AB  - The results of controlled experiments have demonstrated unequivocally that host
      food intake is often altered during the course of infections with eukaryotic
      parasites. Generally, host food intake is reduced depending on either the
      infective dose given to the host or the number of established parasites present.
      The onset in the reduction of host food intake varies according to the species of
      parasite involved and may be related to a particular developmental stage or event
      during the course of the host-parasite relationship. Some of the many sensory,
      neural, and hormonal factors that are now considered to modulate food intake in
      healthy animals are known to be affected during certain host-parasite
      relationships, and it is tentatively suggested that these physiological
      perturbations may initiate the observed changes in host food intake. Not
      unexpectedly, human appetite for food and food intake have been reported to
      become depressed during parasitic infections.

PMID- 6363135
TI  - The structure and function of the blood-brain barrier.
AB  - It is now clear that the phenomenon of a blood-brain barrier results from the
      high-resistance endothelium of cerebral vessels. The glial sheath appears to have
      no transport function but determines the specific characteristics of the cerebral
      endothelium. Among the transport mechanisms present in the endothelium is a
      potent sodium-potassium pump in the abluminal membrane. The endothelium probably
      secretes a small volume of fluid into the cerebral interstitium. Ouabain
      insensitive potassium transport has been investigated in isolated cerebral
      capillaries. This component is very dependent on the osmolality of the medium,
      being markedly increased in a hypertonic medium and decreased in hypotonic
      conditions. This behavior may well be important in determining the net exchanges
      of potassium across the blood-brain barrier, which contribute to volume control
      of the brain in osmotic disturbances.

PMID- 6363137
TI  - Evaluation of anticonvulsant drugs in genetic animal models of epilepsy.

PMID- 6363138
TI  - [Diterikhs' splint].

PMID- 6363139
TI  - [Memorial to the physicians of World War II (the Military Medical Museum of the
      Ministry of Defense of the USSR)].

PMID- 6363140
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to rabbit sperm autoantigens.
AB  - Rabbits were immunized with homologous spermatozoa to investigate their
      autoimmunogenic nature. Major sperm autoantigens that elicit antisperm antibodies
      were analyzed molecularly by the sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) gel/protein blot
      radioimmunobinding method. IgG fractions of the autoimmune sera were purified by
      a protein A-Sepharose column, immobilized on Sepharose as affinity ligands, and
      utilized to purify major sperm autoantigens from rabbit testes. The
      autoimmunogenicity of the purified autoantigens was verified by reimmunizations
      in rabbits. BALB/c mice were immunized with the affinity-purified autoantigens to
      raise monoclonal antibodies by modified hybridoma techniques. Following fusions
      and clonings, we have established more than 100 hybrid cell lines that were shown
      to secrete antibodies to purified autoantigens and to rabbit sperm. A variety of
      techniques was employed to characterize these monoclonal antibodies. By the SDS
      gel/protein blot radioimmunobinding method, some were found to react with unique
      proteins of rabbit spermatozoa. By indirect immunofluorescent assay, about one
      third were shown to bind different cytologic regions of spermatozoa from rabbit,
      man, and/or mouse. Six were found to inhibit rabbit sperm binding to rat ova in
      vitro. In addition, agglutinating and immobilizing activities of these antibodies
      on live sperm were observed.

PMID- 6363142
TI  - [Restoration of direct bonding brackets and in vitro study of their
      adhesiveness].

PMID- 6363141
TI  - Follicular fluid prostaglandins in endometriosis and ovarian hyperstimulation.
AB  - To study the presence of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), prostacyclin
      (PGI2), and thromboxane A2 (TxA2) in the human ovary, follicular fluid samples
      were collected with puncture at laparoscopy in 17 women with pelvic
      endometriosis, 17 women with tubal occlusion and healthy ovaries, and 5 women
      with tubal occlusion and induced ovarian hyperstimulation between menstrual cycle
      days 8 and 18. The concentrations of the metabolites of PGF2 alpha, PGI2, and
      TxA2, i.e., 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF2 alpha (M-PGF2 alpha), 6-keto PGF1 alpha,
      and TxB2, respectively, were measured with radioimmunoassays. Each prostanoid was
      detected in follicular fluid, but their concentrations were unrelated to the
      menstrual cycle day at collection. Moreover, these concentrations were similar in
      various groups of patients. The data suggest that the human ovary produces PGF2
      alpha, PGI2, and TxA2 in vivo and that these prostanoids, as measured from
      follicular fluid, may not be of primary significance in ovulation or
      endometriosis.

PMID- 6363143
TI  - [Intra-alveolar anchoring of a complete lower denture. Description of method
      (preliminary report)].

PMID- 6363144
TI  - [Acute antihypertensive effect of captopril in hypertensive patients: with
      special reference to kallikrein-kinin system].
AB  - In order to clarify the role of the kallikrein-kinin system in the hypotensive
      mechanisms of converting-enzyme inhibition, captopril was administered in a
      single oral dose of 50 mg to 17 hypertensive patients, of whom 14 had essential
      hypertension, one had chronic renal failure, one had primary aldosteronism, and
      one had glucocorticoid responsive hyperaldosteronism. Captopril lowered blood
      pressure remarkably in either low-renin or normal-, and high-renin hypertensives,
      however, there was no significant relationship between the fall in blood pressure
      and pretreatment levels of plasma renin activity (PRA) in any of the patients any
      time after the administration. PRA was significantly increased in normal- and
      high-renin hypertensives but not in low-renin patients. Plasma aldosterone
      concentration (PAC) was decreased significantly in normal- and high-renin
      patients, while no significant change in PAC was observed in patients with low
      renin activity. Captopril elevated plasma bradykinin concentration (PBK) from a
      control value of 12.5 +/- 4.1 (mean +/- s.d.) to 20.3 +/- 7.7 pg/ml (p less than
      0.001) at 30 min, and there was a significant correlation between changes in PBK
      and changes in mean blood pressure 120 min after the administration in all the
      patients (r = 0.741, p less than 0.01, n = 17). In one patient with primary
      aldosteronism, PBK increased from a baseline of 10.0 to a maximum value of 19.0
      pg/ml, corresponding to the rapid fall in blood pressure. Also, in one patient
      with glucocorticoid responsive hyperaldosteronism, captopril increased PBK from a
      control of 14.1 to 27.9 pg/ml at 30 min, corresponding to the marked fall in
      blood pressure from 170/106 to 136/90 mmHg. From these findings, it is suggested
      that the accumulation of kinins following captopril administration plays a major
      role in the short-term reduction of blood pressure in hypertensive patients,
      especially in those with low renin-angiotensin activity.

PMID- 6363145
TI  - [Relation between dopamine secretion and saltsensitivity in essential
      hypertension].
AB  - The study was designed to explore the mechanism of dopamine secretion related to
      blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. The 19 patients with
      essential hypertension were administered to first 153 mEq of sodium and 70 mEq of
      potassium diet, next 51 mEq of sodium and finally 340 mEq of sodium for every one
      week. The patients whose mean blood pressure elevated 10 mmHg or more on the high
      sodium loading and depleted 10 mmHg or more on the low-sodium loading were
      classified as A-, and depleted 10 mmHg or more on the high-sodium loading and
      elevated 10 mmHg or more on the low-sodium loading as B- and the other patients
      as C-group. The hypertensive patients were also classified to low- (below 1.0
      ng/ml/h), normal- (from 1.0 to 6.0 ng/ml/h) and high- (above 6.0 ng/ml/h) renin
      groups from the results of plasma renin activity (PRA) obtained after an
      intravenous injection of furosemide (1 mg/kg) followed by 2-hour ambulation. PRA,
      plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), plasma epinephrine concentration (PE),
      plasma norepinephrine concentration (PNE), plasma dopamine concentration (PDC),
      circulating plasma volume, body weight, hematocrit and pulse rate were measured
      at 8 a.m. after sodium loading for 8-days. The patients with essential
      hypertension were classified into 6 of A- and 2 of B- and 11 of C-groups with the
      maneuver of sodium loading. The A-group contained 5 patients with low-renin. The
      circulating plasma volume was relatively large (44.7 +/- 4.8 ml/kg) and markedly
      increased on the high-sodium loading in 6 patients of A-group. The increment of
      body weight was higher in A-group than the other groups on the high-sodium
      loading. In the 2 patients of B-group, hematocrit and pulse rate increased on the
      low-sodium and decreased on the high-sodium loading, and the variability were
      larger than the other groups. In the A-group, PRA was significantly low (0.5 +/-
      0.4 ng/ml/h) and increased on the low-sodium loading and decreased on the high
      sodium loading, and the variability of PRA was lesser than the other groups. In
      the A-group, PAC was within normal range (5.4 +/- 2.8 ng/dl) and the variation of
      PAC paralleled with the change of PRA, but the variability of PAC was remarkably
      low. PE and PNE were unchanged in the A- and the C-groups, but the significant
      high values were observed in the B-group on the high-sodium loading.

PMID- 6363146
TI  - [Experimental study on diabetes and pregnancy: with special reference to the
      effects of insulin treatment on fetuses of diabetic dams].
AB  - Through the development of treatment of diabetes mellitus, diabetic cases of
      pregnancy have been increasing, and the effects of maternal hyperglycemia and
      insulin-treated hypoglycemia on the growth and life of fetuses and newborns are
      becoming very important problems. However, it is difficult for us to investigate
      the fetuses of human diabetic mothers as experimental models. Although many
      reports deal with the development of newborns of diabetic mothers and about their
      secretory changes of insulin and C-peptide reactivity, there have been few
      reports concerning the effects of severe diabetes on pregnancy and the effects of
      insulin treatment on fetuses. Concerning experimental animals, there are also few
      reports about the effects of insulin treatment on diabetic pregnant animals. We
      conducted the present investigation to determine the effects of insulin treatment
      on the growth and metabolism of the fetuses of diabetic pregnant rats. Virgin
      female Wistar rats weighing 200 approximately 300 g were caged overnight with
      male rats. The mated females were isolated and the gestational age was calculated
      from noon of this day (zero). Seventeen of 24 pregnant rats received a rapid
      intravenous injection of 50 mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin (STZ) in 0.4 ml
      of 0.01 M citrate buffer (pH 4.5) immediately after blood samples were collected
      through the jugular vein under light ether anaesthesia on the 5th day of
      gestation. Seven pregnant rats were injected with only 0.4 ml of citrate buffer
      and served as the controls. These rats were divided into four groups, and each
      group was named as follows: Normal pregnant rats group (group I, n = 7), diabetic
      pregnant rats group (group II, n = 6) and insulin-treated diabetic pregnant rats
      group (group III: plasma glucose level 60 approximately 300 mg/dl, n = 6 and
      group IV: plasma glucose level below 60 mg/dl, n = 5). Group III and IV rats were
      treated with a subcutaneous injection of Lente Insulin (from 2 u. to 6 u.) every
      day from the 13th to the 19th day of gestation. Group II rats were injected with
      saline every day in the same way. Maternal blood samples were collected under
      light ether anaesthesia after feeding ad libitum on the 5th and 12th days of
      gestation. On the 20th day of gestation, the pregnant rats were anaesthetized by
      an intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital, and blood samples were
      collected in the manner stated above. Each fetus and placenta was taken out
      individually by hysterotomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6363147
TI  - [Salivary peptide P-C (III). Its relation to the pathogenesis of diabetes
      mellitus].
AB  - Previous immunohistochemical study showed that salivary peptide P-C like
      immunoreactivity, originally isolated from whole human saliva, was present not
      only in human salivary glands but also in human pancreatic B-cells. To elucidate
      the pathophysiological role of this peptide-like immunoreactivity in human
      pancreatic B-cells, immunohistochemical study using antisera against both insulin
      and peptide P-C was carried out on the paraffin embedded pancreatic tissues of 27
      diabetic patients and 30 control subjects. Positive immunofluorescence due to
      insulin was detected in 96% of the diabetic pancreases and 100% of the controls.
      A pancreas of only one IDDM did not have any immunofluorescence due to insulin.
      Thus, no significant differences were seen in connection with the presence of
      insulin between pancreases of NIDDM and the controls, though the present study
      did not examine whether the number of pancreatic B-cells in the pancreas of NIDDM
      was the same as that in the controls or not. In contrast, positive
      immunofluorescence due to peptide P-C like immunoreactivity was demonstrated in
      only 41% of the diabetic pancreases but in 87% of the controls. In view of the
      fact that the diabetic pancreases and the controls were fixed and embedded into
      paraffin in the same department of pathology and under the same conditions, the
      negative finding for salivary peptide P-C like immunoreactive in the diabetic
      pancreas seems to result neither from the effects of fixatives nor the
      destructive postmortem effects of enzymes on the antigenicity of peptide P-C like
      immunoreactivity but from the decreased content of peptide P-C like
      immunoreactivity in the diabetic pancreas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6363148
TI  - [Quantitative determination of serum antibodies to Candida albicans with the
      Mancini technic. A comparison with the double diffusion test and the
      immunofluorescence test].

PMID- 6363149
TI  - [Johann Ernst Wichmann--an unjustly little-known dermatologist of the 18th
      century].

PMID- 6363150
TI  - Direct immunofluorescence in recurrent aphthous ulcers and Behcet's disease.
AB  - Direct immunofluorescence (IF) investigations in oral aphthae were performed in
      17 patients with recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAU) and in 9 patients with Behcet's
      disease (BD). In addition, cutaneous hyperreactivity lesions from 2 BD patients
      were examined. The results were compared to direct IF findings in 28 patients
      with nonaphthous oral diseases. There was no difference between direct IF on oral
      aphthae in RAU compared to BD. Deposition of C3 in vessel walls of the
      subepithelial connective tissue was observed in 13 of 17 patients with RAU and in
      all patients with BD. IgM deposits in vessel walls were found in 5 RAU and 3 BD
      patients. Deposition of C1q or C4 was not present. By contrast, IgG and/or IgM,
      C1q, C3 and C4 were detected in dermal vessel walls of skin hyperreactivity
      lesions from 2 BD patients. This finding is considered to be a true immune
      complex vasculitis. Compared to nonaphthous oral lesions, oral aphthae of BD and
      RAU were characterized by C3 deposition in the subepithelial vessel walls.

PMID- 6363151
TI  - Chlorhexidine for prevention of neonatal colonization with group B streptococci.
      I. In vitro effect of chlorhexidine on group B streptococci.
AB  - Forty-three strains of group B streptococci (GBS) of types Ia, Ib, II and III
      were tested for susceptibility to chlorhexidine in concentrations ranging from
      256 to 0.25 mg/l using the agar and tube dilution methods. The strains showed
      minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.5 to 1 mg/l. Serum
      added to the test medium (50%) increased the MIC values to 4-8 mg/l, while
      amniotic fluid (50%) had almost no effect, increasing the values to 1-2 mg/l. The
      minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) ranged from 1 to 5 mg/l. The killing
      kinetics were related to the concentration of chlorhexidine and the length of
      exposure. For example, at a concentration of 63 mg/l, 7 h were required for a
      bactericidal effect in broth, as compared to 1 h at 500 mg/l chlorhexidine. 200
      mg/l chlordexidine had no effect on the adherence of two GBS strains to vaginal
      epithelial cells, and no effect on the phagocytosis of GBS with mouse peritoneal
      macrophages.

PMID- 6363152
TI  - Chlorhexidine for prevention of neonatal colonization with group B streptococci.
      II. Chlorhexidine concentrations and recovery of group B streptococci following
      vaginal washing in pregnant women.
AB  - The effect of a single washing of the urogenital tract with 0.5 g/l chlorhexidine
      was studied in 6 women in weeks 38-40 of pregnancy, among whom 5 were carriers of
      group B streptococci in urethra and/or cervix. The chlorhexidine concentrations
      varied between 25 and 200 mg/l during the first hour after washing in 5 of the 6
      women, whereas one patient showed concentrations below 25 mg/l. With the
      exception of one patient, all individuals showed concentrations less than 25 mg/l
      at 3-24 h after washing. A clear suppression of the number of colony-forming
      units of GBS was already apparent after 60 min and was still evident 6 h after
      chlorhexidine washing.

PMID- 6363153
TI  - Mechanical response to photochemical release of ATP within skinned muscle fibres.

PMID- 6363154
TI  - A clinical trial of co-trimazine (sulfadiazine + trimethoprim) in flare-ups of
      chronic bronchitis.
AB  - The authors treated acute flare-ups of chronic bronchitis with a combination of
      sulfadiazine (SDZ) and trimethoprim (TMP) (cotrimazine). They treated thirty
      patients for a week, with daily dosages of 900 mg SDZ and 300 mg TMP, in an open
      trial in comparison with ampicillin 2 g daily. The result of treatment (course
      and duration of the acute episode, fever, cough, dyspnoea, sputum amount and
      description, chest sounds, ESR, and WBC count), tested by suitable statistical
      methods, showed that cotrimazine had excellent therapeutic activity and was
      readily tolerated; over-all results compared closely with those obtained with
      ampicillin. In their concluding remarks the authors state that in addition to
      being effective in the morbid condition selected for trial, cotrimazine offers
      some advantages over similar combinations of TMP and other sulfonamides, both
      because of the intrinsic physicochemical and pharmacological properties of SDZ
      and because of its lower dosage in this combination.

PMID- 6363155
TI  - Arginine thiazolidinecarboxylate in the treatment of chronic active hepatitis:
      double-blind comparison with placebo.
AB  - Forty-four patients with chronic active hepatitis were given arginine
      thiazolidinecarboxylate (800 mg/day per os for 40 days) or placebo in a
      randomized, double-blind trial. The most important liver function parameters were
      measured in each patient at the beginning of the trial, after 20 days, and at the
      end of the trial. The active drug lessened the parameters of necrosis and
      cholestasis while protein synthesis improved in liver cells. The differences
      between ATCA and placebo groups were highly significant. No treatment-related
      side-effects were reported.

PMID- 6363156
TI  - A multicentre comparison of piroxicam and indomethacin in acute soft tissue
      sports injuries.
AB  - One hundred and five patients suffering from sport-associated soft tissue
      injuries were included in a randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy
      and side-effects of piroxicam and indomethacin. Patients were treated for 7 days.
      Both groups showed a similar degree of improvement in joint tenderness, swelling
      and pain. Eighty-eight per cent of patients on piroxicam showed a marked or
      moderate improvement in their injury at the end of the trial and 79% of
      indomethacin-treated patients. Approximately 50% of patients in both groups
      resumed full activity within 7 days. One patient, in the indomethacin group, was
      withdrawn from treatment due to a side-effect.

PMID- 6363157
TI  - Acidrine in the management of gastritis and duodenitis. A double-blind placebo
      controlled clinical trial.
AB  - Thirty-nine adult out-patients with dyspepsia and endoscopically proven gastritis
      and/or duodenitis without ulcer, completed a double-blind, placebo controlled, 8
      week clinical trial of either Acidrine (twenty-one patients) or placebo (eighteen
      patients), at a daily dosage of 2 tablets t.i.d. Treatment with Acidrine resulted
      in a significant improvement in symptoms and in the endoscopic appearance of the
      gastritis and duodenitis when compared with placebo.

PMID- 6363158
TI  - A double-blind controlled evaluation of Diproderm cream 0.05%, twice a day
      treatment in comparison with once a day treatment in eczema.
AB  - A double-blind study, carried out at two centres, comparing once and twice a day
      application of betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate cream 0.05% (Diproderm), has
      shown that the efficacy in treating eczema is the same after 1 week.

PMID- 6363159
TI  - Breakdown of starfish ovarian follicle induced by maturation-promoting factor.
AB  - Immature starfish oocytes are surrounded by envelopes consisting of follicular
      cells. These cells adhere to each other and to the oocyte, immobilizing the
      latter within the ovary. When isolated oocytes in their follicles are treated
      with 1-methyladenine (1-MeAde), germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and follicular
      envelope breakdown (FEBD) occur simultaneously. The 1-MeAde acts on the oocyte
      surface to produce a maturation-promoting factor (MPF) in the cytoplasm, which
      brings about GVBD. In the present study, MPF was found to induce FEBD as well as
      GVBD when injected into immature oocytes with their follicles in Asterina
      pectinifera. Although GVBD was induced by MPF in the presence of cytochalasin D,
      this drug prevented MPF-induced FEBD, and each follicular cell remained in situ
      on the surface of the oocyte. However, desmosomes connecting the processes of the
      follicle cell with the oocyte surface were disrupted following MPF injection even
      in the presence of cytochalasin D, and the processes became detached from the
      oocyte. FEBD occurred in these oocytes when cytochalasin D was removed, resulting
      in the formation of a small follicular clump by microfilament-mediated
      contraction of the follicle cells. These results show that FEBD is not brought
      about by the direct action of 1-MeAde but by the action of MPF. Therefore, in
      starfish, spawning as well as oocyte maturation is directly triggered by MPF
      produced under the influence of 1-MeAde.

PMID- 6363160
TI  - Assembly-disassembly of actin bundles in starfish oocytes: an analysis of actin
      associated proteins in the isolated cortex.
AB  - One rapid response of starfish oocytes to the maturation-inducing hormone, 1
      methyladenine (1-MA), is the formation of transient actin-filled spikes on the
      cell surface. The presence and distribution of G- and F-actin and several actin
      associated proteins were examined in cortices isolated from oocytes before,
      during, and after spike formation by using antibodies and the F-actin-specific
      stain, NBD-phallacidin. Before 1-MA addition, staining with antiactin and NBD
      phallacidin indicates that most of the actin in the cortex is either G-actin or
      oligomeric actin, but rather little is F-actin. Application of the hormone
      results in the conversion and redistribution of this cortical actin into large
      bundles of F-actin which form the cores of spikes. When the spikes recede, F
      actin disappears, and the amount of all forms of actin bound in the cortex
      appears to decrease. Antibodies to sea urchin egg myosin, fascin and a 220-kDa
      protein were used to examine these actin-associated proteins during the times
      that the organization of actin changes. Myosin and the 220-kDa protein are bound
      to the cortex and uniformly distributed before 1-MA application while fascin
      appears to be unbound. When spikes appear after 1-MA addition, fascin and the 220
      kDa protein are localized coincidently with the spikes, whereas myosin remains
      uniformly distributed throughout the cortex and is excluded from the spikes.
      After spike resorption, fascin and the 220-kDa protein appear to lose their
      cortical binding while myosin retains its localization unchanged. These results
      indicate that actin, fascin and the 220-kDa protein undergo major organizational
      changes in the cortex in response to 1-MA.

PMID- 6363161
TI  - Microtubule arrays in the cortex and near the germinal vesicle of immature
      starfish oocytes.
AB  - An extensive array of long, crisscrossing microtubules has been discovered in the
      cortex of oocytes of the starfish Pisaster ochraceus. The microtubules were
      visualized in cortex preparations by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using
      antibodies to tubulin. The cortical array of microtubules is present in all
      oocytes before and for about 30 min after the application of 1-methyladenine, the
      hormone that induces oocyte maturation. The presence of microtubules was
      confirmed by electron microscopy. The microtubules in this array are
      depolymerized when oocytes are treated with colchicine or nocodozole and are
      augmented when oocytes are treated with taxol. Dihydrocytochalasin B treatment of
      the oocytes causes the microtubules to aggregate, presumably by altering a
      microfilament network also found in the cortex. The distribution of microtubules
      was also explored in whole oocytes stained with antitubulin. One or two aster
      like structures were observed adjacent to the germinal vesicle of each oocyte.

PMID- 6363162
TI  - Identification and immunochemical characterization of spermatogenic cell surface
      antigens that appear during early meiotic prophase.
AB  - Three spermatogenic cell populations isolated from prepuberal mice--type B
      spermatogonia, preleptotene spermatocytes, and leptotene/zygotene spermatocytes-
      were used to elicit distinct polyclonal antisera. Surface binding specificities
      were determined for purified IgGs by indirect immunofluorescence and rosette
      assays on live cells. Binding activities were assayed both before and after
      absorptions with a variety of somatic and spermatogenic cells. Each of these
      antisera binds to surface antigens that are present on germ cells throughout
      spermatogenesis and are not shared by splenocytes, thymocytes, and erythrocytes.
      Only the antiserum raised against leptotene and zygotene spermatocytes (ALZ)
      recognizes a stage-specific subset of surface determinants. After appropriate
      absorptions, ALZ binds to the surface of early pachytene spermatocytes and germ
      cells at subsequent stages of differentiation, including vas deferens
      spermatozoa. Antigens which react with this absorbed IgG are not detected on the
      surface of spermatogonia or meiotic cells prior to pachynema, including leptotene
      and zygotene spermatocytes. The observed binding specificities may result from
      the synthesis of one or more surface molecules during the early meiotic stages,
      followed by delayed insertion into the plasma membrane during the pachytene stage
      of meiotic prophase. Stage-specific antigens recognized by ALZ, including both
      protein and probably lipid, have been localized immunochemically on
      nitrocellulose blots from one-dimensional SDS gels. A dithiothreitol-sensitive
      constituent (Mr approximately 39,000) recognized by ALZ has been identified as
      the major protein determinant present in early meiotic cells but absent in 8-day
      old seminiferous cell suspensions containing spermatogonia and Sertoli cells.
      This determinant is present in populations of preleptotene, leptotene/zygotene,
      and early pachytene spermatocytes isolated from 17-day-old animals, an
      observation consistent with the hypothesis of delayed insertion into the plasma
      membrane.

PMID- 6363163
TI  - An indirect immunofluorescence study of the distribution of fibronectin during
      the formation of the cushion tissue mesenchyme in the embryonic heart.
AB  - Indirect immunofluorescence studies have localized fibronectin (FN) within the
      trunco-conal ridges of the chick embryo heart during the formation of the cushion
      tissue mesenchyme. Prior to cell migration into the endocardial pads,
      fluorescence for FN is demonstrated almost entirely in association with the basal
      surfaces of endocardium and myocardium. Scattered spots and thin dotted-strands
      of fluorescent material can be demonstrated in the cardiac jelly. Cushion tissue
      (CT) cells migrating into the cardiac jelly have patches of fluorescent material
      associated with their surfaces. Filopodial processes always show intense
      fluorescence. The close association between the fluorescence and the surface of
      the CT cells suggests that FN may be implicated in the interaction of these cells
      with the matrical components of the cardiac jelly and, therefore, in the process
      of cell migration into the endocardial pads. The intensity and amount of FN
      staining decreased concomitantly with the progressive accumulation of cells in
      the cushion areas. After the completion of CT cell migration only reduced amounts
      of faint fluorescence remained in the endocardial pad areas. The possible
      significance of the changes observed in the distribution of FN during the
      formation of the cushion tissue mesenchyme is discussed.

PMID- 6363164
TI  - Expression of different regional patterns of fibronectin immunoreactivity during
      mesoblast formation in the chick blastoderm.
AB  - The appearance and distribution of the extracellular material glycoprotein,
      fibronectin, was investigated in gastrulating chick embryos using affinity
      purified anti-human plasma fibronectin antibodies. Preservation of tissue
      structure and immunoreactivity was carried out by ethanol/acetic acid fixation or
      by formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde fixation. Using the former fixation method,
      fibronectin immunoreactivity was detected (1) at the ventral surface of the upper
      layer or epiblast, mainly anterior and lateral to Hensen's node, in regions where
      middle-layer or mesoblast cells are not yet present, and (2) sparsely in
      extracellular spaces of the deep layer. Using the latter fixation method,
      fibronectin immunoreactivity was, moreover, found at the entire ventral surface
      of the upper layer, i.e., also at the epithelial-mesenchymal interface, where a
      basement membrane was previously described. At the light microscope level, we
      could not detect significant immunoreactivity in the middle layer. Treatment of
      sections of ethanol-fixed blastoderms with testicular hyaluronidase before
      immunostaining for fibronectin partially demasked the antigenic sites of this
      glycoprotein at the epithelial-mesenchymal interface. The present report
      indicates that the different regional patterns of fibronectin immunoreactivity in
      the basement membrane of the upper layer are spatially and temporally correlated
      with migration and positioning of mesoblast cells. These regional patterns are
      probably due to differences in the composition of fibronectin-associated material
      such as chondroitin sulfate A and/or C proteoglycans, and/or hyaluronate, before
      and after mesoblast expansion, rather than to differences in the distribution of
      fibronectin itself. In this respect. In this respect, it is noteworthy that the
      chemical composition of the basement membrane of an epithelium changes as
      mesenchyme cells migrate over it. The results also favor the idea that
      fibronectin is a structural component of the whole basement membrane which is
      used as a substrate for migration of mesenchymal cells.

PMID- 6363165
TI  - In vitro characterization of biosynthetic human proinsulin.
AB  - The binding and biologic properties of human proinsulin produced by recombinant
      DNA technology have been determined. The biosynthetic human proinsulin was
      iodinated using lactoperoxidase and subsequently purified by HPLC to yield the
      [(125I)TyrA14]-proinsulin isomer. Using isolated rat adipocytes, biosynthetic
      human proinsulin was shown to have approximately 11% of the binding potency of
      native insulin. At 16 degrees C and 37 degrees C, the ED50 values of biosynthetic
      human proinsulin were 3.7 nM and 15 nM, respectively, which was significantly
      different from the insulin values of 0.4 nM and 1.7 nM, respectively. Kinetic
      analysis suggested that the decreased affinity of biosynthetic human proinsulin
      was due primarily to a decreased association rate rather than an increased
      dissociation rate. Similar to insulin, biosynthetic human proinsulin exhibited a
      decreased half-time of dissociation in the presence of insulin (16.7 nM) or
      proinsulin (111 nM); however, this negative cooperative effect was lost in the
      presence of high concentrations of proinsulin (11 microM). Biologic potency,
      assessed by measuring glucose transport in rat adipocytes, showed that
      biosynthetic human proinsulin had 10% of the biologic activity of insulin,
      suggesting close coupling between binding to receptors and membrane generated
      cellular response. By extracting cell surface bound proinsulin with acidic
      buffer, the amount of 125I-proinsulin that internalized following binding to
      surface receptors was measured. At equilibrium, 55% of the cell-associated
      radioactivity was internalized at 37 degrees C. When chloroquine-treated (200
      microM) cells were incubated with 125I-proinsulin at 37 degrees C, a 1.5-fold
      increase in the amount of intracellular proinsulin was observed at 1 h.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6363167
TI  - Anti-beta-cell immunity in insulinopenic diabetic dogs.
AB  - Anti-islet immunity was studied in six spontaneously insulin-dependent diabetic
      (IDD) dogs, using mouse islets of Langerhans cells as targets, in vitro.
      Insulinopenia was demonstrated in all dogs by an i.v. glucose tolerance test. A
      significant lymphocytopenia was detected in the peripheral blood of this diabetic
      group. Pancreatic tissue from one of these animals was obtained shortly after
      death and the islets displayed a marked loss in beta cells without significant
      changes in the other types of islet cells. No insulitis was observed. Circulating
      mononuclear cells from the diabetic dogs induced an increased basal insulin (IRI)
      release from islet cells and a suppressed stimulated IRI release. Damage to or
      depth of beta cells may account for these findings. The stimulated IRI release
      was also suppressed when islets were incubated with the diabetic sera +
      complement, while the D-cell response to arginine was not altered, and the A-cell
      response was reduced but not abolished. A lysis of islet cells in the presence of
      IDD sera + complement was demonstrated by an increased release of 51Cr from
      labeled cells. These anomalies were observed neither when complement was heat
      inactivated nor in the presence of control sera + complement. Canine IDD may be a
      new animal model for the study of anti-islet cellular and humoral immunities.

PMID- 6363166
TI  - Von Willebrand factor (VIII R:Ag), fibronectin, and insulin-like growth factors I
      and II in diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy.
AB  - We have measured plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) as the factor VIII-related
      antigen, plasma fibronectin, and two of the serum somatomedins, insulin-like
      growth factor I (IGF I) and IGF II, in 51 diabetic patients and 25 nondiabetic
      control subjects. VWF was significantly higher in the diabetic group than in the
      controls (173 +/- 9% SEM versus 101 +/- 9%, P less than 0.001), as has been
      reported by others. However, within the diabetic group there was no significant
      difference in VWF between those patients without retinopathy, those with
      background or proliferative retinopathy, or those with macular edema. There was
      also no difference in VWF between the diabetic subjects with and those without
      proteinuria. These results rule against a previously advanced hypothesis that the
      increase in VWF in patients with diabetes is secondary to microangiopathy. No
      significant difference was observed in fibronectin, IGF I, or IGF II between the
      diabetic and control groups, between the diabetic group without retinopathy and
      the retinopathic subgroups, and between the diabetic subjects with and without
      proteinuria. In the diabetic patients, there was no correlation between diabetic
      control as assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin and glycosylated serum protein,
      and the plasma levels of VWF, fibronectin, IGF I, or IGF II. The results of this
      study strongly suggest that neither plasma VWF, fibronectin, IGF I, nor IGF II
      plays an important primary role in the pathogenesis of diabetic microvascular
      disease, although one or more of these factors might play a permissive role.

PMID- 6363169
TI  - Insulin dose-response characteristics among individual muscle and adipose tissues
      measured in the rat in vivo with 3[H]2-deoxyglucose.
AB  - The dose-response characteristics of three skeletal muscles, three adipose tissue
      beds, and heart muscle to single i.v. injection of insulin were compared in vivo.
      Comparisons were made at 8 dose levels spanning the entire range for response by
      all tissues and for the integrated whole body response as reflected in the rate
      of disappearance of 3H-2-deoxyglucose from plasma. The insulin-sensitive tissues
      varied widely with respect to the magnitude of the maximal response and the
      sensitivity to insulin as judged by the effective dose 50% (ED 50). Among the
      muscles, a slow-twitch oxidative muscle, soleus, was more sensitive than the fast
      twitch glycolytic muscle, extensor digitorum longus (EDL), while a mixed muscle,
      quadriceps femoris, displayed even lower sensitivity. Heart muscle sensitivity
      was comparable to EDL. Among the adipose sites, the rank order of sensitivity was
      subcutaneous greater than epididymal much greater than omental. The threshold for
      a detectable response to insulin was 0.013 U/kg rat.

PMID- 6363168
TI  - A [3H]2-deoxyglucose method for comparing rates of glucose metabolism and insulin
      responses among rat tissues in vivo. Validation of the model and the absence of
      an insulin effect on brain.
AB  - In 1980 we described an in vivo method for estimating the rate of glucose uptake
      among selected tissues during an acute insulin response. The method was based
      upon the same principles as Sokoloff's 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) method. We now report
      further examination of the basic assumptions of the model and validation of its
      general applicability by comparing the response of brain and other tissues to
      prolonged insulin infusion (while glucose is held constant) with their response
      to a single injection of insulin. The method provides a reproducible estimate of
      relative insulin response in any tissue that can be anatomically separated at
      death. Tissues that are minimally sensitive to insulin such as spleen, lung,
      skin, and gut do not display increments in the calculated value for net rate of
      tissue uptake of 2DG. Insulin-sensitive tissues display increased rates of uptake
      that are characteristic for each specific tissue, ranging in magnitude from 1.7-
      to 17.9-fold over basal among an array of insulin-sensitive tissues. The duration
      of a unit response to a sub-maximal dose of insulin also varied among the
      tissues, persisting for 20-30 min after plasma insulin had returned to basal in
      heart and for 10-20 min in the other insulin-sensitive tissues. The method
      provides a reproducible measure of glucose metabolism in vivo and has been
      validated as a means of quantifying relative insulin sensitivity among the
      peripheral tissues. During steady-state conditions with plasma glucose held
      constant, brain glucose metabolism was unaffected by a 60-min infusion of
      insulin.

PMID- 6363170
TI  - Concanavalin A and alloxan interactions on glucose-induced insulin secretion and
      biosynthesis from islets of Langerhans.
AB  - The pretreatment of isolated islets of Langerhans with concanavalin A (Con A)
      completely blocks alloxan from suppressing the insulin release response to
      glucose. The lectin itself inhibits insulin secretion. This effect is dose
      dependent and reversible. Con A, however, has no protective action against the
      inhibition of glucose-induced insulin biosynthesis in islets exposed to alloxan.
      The protective action of Con A on alloxan toxicity is likely to be at the beta
      cell surface at a membrane recognition site for glucose as a stimulus for
      secretion. The insulin biosynthetic effect of glucose appears to be mediated
      through a separate mechanism.

PMID- 6363171
TI  - Abnormal islet and adipocyte function in young B-cell-deficient rats with near
      normoglycemia.
AB  - Sprague-Dawley male rats were injected at 2 days of age with streptozotocin (SZ).
      At 4 wk of age the fed plasma glucose concentration of the SZ group was 151 +/- 6
      mg/dl as compared with 133 +/- 4 for the control group. The fed plasma insulin
      values were indistinguishable, however. In response to an intraperitoneal glucose
      challenge the SZ group had marked glucose intolerance and virtually no rise in
      plasma insulin. After a meal challenge the SZ group also had glucose intolerance,
      but plasma insulin responses were similar to those of the control. The pancreata
      of the 4-wk-old rats were perfused in vitro and the SZ group had essentially no
      response to glucose, but did respond to arginine. Adipocytes of the 4-wk-old SZ
      rats had impaired glucose conversion to CO2 similar to that seen in the more
      hyperglycemic 6-wk-old SZ rats. Castration carried out at about 3 wk of age did
      not influence the hyperglycemia seen at 6 wk of age and later. These data
      indicate that 4-wk-old SZ rats, while having near-normal plasma glucose levels
      and normal plasma insulin values, have clearly abnormal B-cell and adipocyte
      function. With increasing age and weight gain these SZ rats develop frank
      hyperglycemia.

PMID- 6363172
TI  - A polymorphic locus near the human insulin gene is associated with insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - A polymorphic region flanking the human insulin gene on the short arm of
      chromosome 11, the insulin-gene-linked DNA polymorphism, can be described as a
      locus with at least three classes of alleles: a common small "class 1" allele
      averaging 570 base pairs, a rare intermediate "class 2" allele of about 1320 base
      pairs, and a large "class 3" allele averaging 2470 base pairs in size. We have
      determined the genotype at this locus of 393 unrelated diabetic and nondiabetic
      individuals. Differences were observed in the genotypic and allelic frequencies
      between groups of different races. Asians [17 nondiabetic, 2 with insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and 8 with non-insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus (NIDDM)] exhibited the least variation in the size of this locus and 98%
      of the alleles in this group were class 1. A group of American blacks (32
      nondiabetic, 5 with IDDM, and 40 with NIDDM) exhibited considerable variation in
      the size of this locus, and about 22% of the individuals examined had a genotype
      that included a rare class 2 allele. In neither of these two racial groups were
      the genotypic or allelic frequencies different between the nondiabetic and
      diabetic segments of these groups. However, in a group of Caucasians (83
      nondiabetic, 113 with IDDM, and 76 with NIDDM), there was a significantly higher
      frequency of class 1 alleles and genotypes containing two class 1 alleles in the
      diabetic patients compared with nondiabetic controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6363173
TI  - Use of glucose uptake and glucose clearance for the evaluation of insulin action
      in vivo.

PMID- 6363174
TI  - The crystal structures of three non-pancreatic human insulins.
AB  - X-ray studies on semi-synthetic human insulin have shown that it crystallizes in
      the rhombohedral space group R3 and is nearly isomorphous with 2 Zn pig insulin.
      Precession photographs of crystals of human and pig insulins show observable
      changes in the intensity patterns. Crystallographic analysis and refinement of
      semi-synthetic human insulin at 1.9 A resolution have shown that its molecular
      structure is very like that of pig insulin except at the C-terminus of the B
      chain where the change in sequence occurs. We also report the results of a high
      resolution crystallographic study of human insulins from different origins. The X
      ray diffraction patterns of three non-pancreatic human insulins are
      indistinguishable from each other and from pancreatic human insulin. Refinement
      of the structures of the non-pancreatic human insulins has shown that they are
      identical within the limits of experimental error.

PMID- 6363175
TI  - Bicentric evaluation of a teaching and treatment programme for type 1 (insulin
      dependent) diabetic patients: improvement of metabolic control and other measures
      of diabetes care for up to 22 months.
AB  - In two hospitals an identical diabetes teaching and treatment programme (in
      patient, Monday to Friday, group teaching) was set up. Seventy-eight consecutive,
      conventionally treated Type 1 diabetic patients (duration of diabetes 10 +/- 6
      years), referred during a certain period, were reinvestigated after 1 year, and
      again (for assessment of metabolic control only) 22 months after the teaching and
      treatment programme. Initially, mean glycosylated haemoglobin was 2.6%, after one
      year 1.0%, and after 22 months 1.5% above the upper limit of the normal range (p
      less than 0.001). Hospital admissions were reduced from a mean of 10 to a median
      of 1 day per patient per year (p less than 0.001). The long-term quality of
      diabetes care achieved by the diabetes teaching and treatment programme was
      unrelated to intelligence quotient, diabetes duration, or diabetes-related
      knowledge. Patients with normal levels of glycosylated haemoglobin on follow-up
      (33% of all patients) had particularly good compliance rates, and significantly
      lower initial values of glycosylated haemoglobin than patients with glycosylated
      haemoglobin levels greater than or equal to 10%. The data indicate that the
      diabetes teaching and treatment programme resulted in a substantial long-term
      improvement of metabolic control and a striking reduction of hospital admissions.
      The study substantiates the feasibility of applying this teaching and treatment
      programme on a large scale to other hospitals, so as to improve the quality of
      diabetes care and decrease health care costs.

PMID- 6363177
TI  - Diabetic nephropathy in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes: an epidemiological
      study.
AB  - A follow-up of 1475 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients diagnosed before
      1953 (815 males, 660 females) and before the age of 31 years was conducted. All
      patients were seen at the Steno Memorial Hospital and were referred from all
      parts of Denmark; 91 (6%) could not be traced. The rest (94%) were followed until
      death or for at least 25 years; 249 (17%) were followed for greater than 40
      years. Clinical diabetic nephropathy developed in 531 (41%) of the 1303 patients
      in whom sufficient information was available regarding proteinuria. Other causes
      of proteinuria were found in 3%, and 57% did not develop persistent proteinuria.
      The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy was 21% after 20-25 years of diabetes
      duration followed by a decline to 10% after 40 years. Two incidence peaks of the
      onset of proteinuria were seen, one after 16 and another after 32 years duration
      of diabetes and was low after 35 years duration. The cumulative incidence was 45%
      after 40 years of diabetes. A male preponderance was seen among patients with
      nephropathy. A significant difference in the pattern of annual incidence rates of
      diabetic nephropathy was seen, when groups with onset of diabetes before 1933,
      between 1933-1942, and 1943-1952, respectively, were compared. An association
      between daily insulin requirement and nephropathy incidence was found. Patients
      with nephropathy had a much poorer survival than those without proteinuria; 40
      years after onset of diabetes, only 10% of patients who developed nephropathy
      were alive, whereas greater than 70% of patients who did not develop nephropathy
      survived.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6363176
TI  - The 75-g oral glucose tolerance test: effect on splanchnic metabolism of
      substrates and pancreatic hormone release in healthy man.
AB  - To determine the effect of the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test on carbohydrate
      and lipid metabolism, the splanchnic exchange of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, non
      esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate as well as the
      release of insulin, C-peptide, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide were evaluated
      in eight healthy male volunteers in the basal state and for 150 min following
      glucose ingestion. Oral glucose loading was followed by a rapid rise in
      splanchnic output of glucose (mean +/- SEM; 154 +/- 12 mmol/150 min), pyruvate
      (1.2 +/- 1.2 mmol/150 min) and lactate (8.6 +/- 2.0 mmol/150 min), whereas there
      were reductions in the splanchnic uptake of non-esterified fatty acids (-10.7 +/-
      4.4 mmol/150 min) and the splanchnic output of beta-hydroxybutyrate (-4.8 +/- 3.3
      mmol/150 min) and acetoacetate (-3.0 +/- 1.2 mmol/150 min). In parallel,
      splanchnic output of insulin (12.3 +/- 2.7 nmol/150 min), C-peptide (36.1 +/- 5.0
      nmol/150 min) and transiently of pancreatic polypeptide rose, whereas that of
      glucagon fell (-0.58 +/- 0.21 nmol/150 min). Even at 150 min after glucose
      ingestion, splanchnic output and arterial concentrations of glucose, lactate,
      insulin and C-peptide were still above their respective basal values while those
      of non-esterified fatty acids and glucagon were reduced. Taking into account the
      partial suppression of endogenous glucose production by ingested glucose it is
      concluded that, in normal postabsortive man, only 49-63% of a 75 g oral glucose
      load is retained by the splanchnic bed during the first 150 min, the rest being
      available for non-hepatic tissues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6363178
TI  - Serum levels of true insulin, C-peptide and proinsulin in peripheral blood of
      patients with cirrhosis.
AB  - The levels of proinsulin, immunoreactive insulin, true insulin (calculated from
      the difference, namely immunoreactive insulin-proinsulin) and C-peptide were
      determined in the fasting state and during a 3-h oral glucose tolerance test
      after administration of 100 g of glucose in 12 patients with cirrhosis with
      normal oral glucose tolerance test (50 g) and in 12 healthy subjects serving as
      controls. In the patients with cirrhosis the serum levels of proinsulin and
      immunoreactive insulin were significantly higher in the fasting state and after
      glucose loading than in the healthy subjects. The serum level of true insulin was
      also higher in the patients with cirrhosis, but the difference was less
      pronounced and only significant at a few of the time points. The serum level of C
      peptide was very similar in both groups. These results emphasize that cirrhosis
      is a condition in which the serum proinsulin level is raised and that this
      hyperproinsulinaemia contributes greatly to the increased immunoreactive insulin
      levels observed in patients with this disease.

PMID- 6363179
TI  - Plasma pancreatic glucagon response to blood glucose in experimental
      pancreatolithiasis in dogs.
AB  - In an attempt to study pancreatic A cell function at an early stage of pancreatic
      diabetes secondary to chronic pancreatitis, both intravenous glucose (0.5 g/kg)
      and insulin (0.5 U/kg) tolerance tests were performed on seven dogs with
      pancreatolithiasis and seven normal control dogs. Experimental pancreatolithiasis
      was produced 12 months after incomplete ligation of the greater pancreatic duct.
      Impaired glucose tolerance and reduced plasma insulin response to an intravenous
      glucose load were observed in the calcified group. Pancreatic release of glucagon
      to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia was diminished, but suppressive response of the
      hormone to glucose-induced hyperglycaemia was well preserved. These data suggest
      that the A cell response to hypoglycaemia may be impaired earlier than that to
      hyperglycaemia in pancreatic diabetes secondary to pancreatolithiasis.

PMID- 6363180
TI  - Dysregulation of glucose transport in hearts of genetically obese (fa/fa) rats.
AB  - Overall D-glucose metabolism and 3-0-methylglucose transport were measured in the
      perfused heart preparation of lean and genetically obese (fa/fa) rats. Absolute
      values of basal and insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism were decreased in
      hearts of 15-week-old obese rats when compared to lean age-matched controls.
      Basal and maximally stimulated (i.e., by the combined addition of insulin and
      increasing perfusion pressure) 3-0-methylglucose transport was normal in hearts
      from young obese rats (5-week-old). However, when only one stimulus was used
      (insulin or increasing perfusion pressure alone), 3-0-methylglucose transport was
      stimulated to values that were lower than those of lean rats. Basal 3-0
      methylglucose transport was four times lower in hearts from older obese rats (15
      week-old) than in lean ones of the same age. At this age, stimulation of 3-0
      methylglucose transport by insulin alone, by increasing perfusion pressure alone
      or by the combination of both stimuli, reached values in obese rats that were
      only half those of lean animals. It is concluded that: (a) in the early phase of
      the syndrome, the basal glucose transport system in hearts of obese rats is
      normal, but its response to stimulation becomes abnormal and; (b) at a later
      phase of obesity, the glucose transport system becomes abnormal even under basal
      conditions and its responsiveness to various stimuli is markedly impaired.

PMID- 6363181
TI  - Microtubule regulation of cell surface receptor topography during granulosa cell
      differentiation.
AB  - A possible role for cytoplasmic microtubules in modulating lectin binding site
      topography has been examined during the hormone-directed differentiation of rat
      ovarian granulosa cells in vitro. Indirect immunofluorescence staining with anti
      tubulin antibodies indicates that undifferentiated cultured granulosa cells
      contain a network of microtubules which radiate from the cell center to the cell
      periphery. Cultures induced to differentiate by a three day treatment with 1
      microgram/ml prolactin exhibit a marginal distribution of microtubules and a
      centrally-located primary cilium. Prolactin enhances the incidence of granulosa
      cells containing a primary cilium from 9% in undifferentiated cultures to 53% in
      hormone-treated cultures. The pattern of lectin binding site redistribution
      induced by Concanavalin A (Con A) is also modified by prolactin treatment. In
      contrast to undifferentiated cells, which randomly endocytose fluorescein Con A,
      granulosa cells exposed to prolactin respond to fluorescein Con A by forming
      central surface caps to a greater extent (75%) than undifferentiated controls
      (25%). Double label fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy
      on Con A labeled cells show that caps form at central cell surface sites which
      contain the primary cilium. Disruption of cytoplasmic microtubules by colchicine,
      in undifferentiated granulosa cells, results in the formation of cell surface
      caps upon Con A addition. These data suggest that cytoplasmic microtubules
      modulate the topography of lectin bindings sites which is subject to hormonal
      control during the in vitro differentiation of ovarian granulosa cells.

PMID- 6363182
TI  - Appearance of the liver form of pyruvate kinase in differentiating cultured
      foetal hepatocytes.
AB  - From about the 16th day of gestation three forms of pyruvate kinase are present
      in foetal rat liver (L, R, and M2). Hepatocytes isolated from 15-day-old foetuses
      do not possess the liver form of pyruvate kinase, but after three days in culture
      this enzyme can be detected. No effect on the appearance of the enzyme could be
      seen by administration of insulin and fructose. Hepatocytes isolated from 19-day
      old foetuses exhibit three forms of the enzyme (L, R, and M2) on day 1 of culture
      but thereafter only two forms are detectable (L and M2). A decrease in activity
      of the L form is observed. This could be retarded by administration of insulin
      and fructose.

PMID- 6363183
TI  - Enamelin gene expression during fetal and neonatal rabbit tooth organogenesis.
AB  - Epithelial differentiation is a complex process which requires an integrated
      synthesis of DNA along with synthesis of a full complement of unique mRNAs and
      their respective proteins characteristic for each cell type. The time of initial
      transcription of enamel protein mRNAs and subsequent translation of proteins
      characteristic for secretory ameloblasts is not known. In order to determine when
      enamel protein mRNAs appear during New Zealand White rabbit molar tooth
      organogenesis, and when nascent enamel proteins are first translated, we analyzed
      early cap stages through late crown stages of molar tooth formation (i.e., 21
      days gestation through 2-days postnatal). The biochemical phenotype which
      characterized rabbit ameloblasts were the acidic glycoproteins termed enamelins.
      Polyclonal antibodies were produced against the major fetal rabbit enamelin of
      approximately 70,000 daltons. Immunoprecipitation of enamelins from mRNA-directed
      translation products in a reticulocyte cell-free system, was used to characterize
      enamelin mRNAs. Enamelin mRNAs were first detected during bell stages (circa 23
      days gestation), and persisted till crown stage (circa 28-days gestation).
      Indirect immunofluorescent localization of enamelin antigen showed staining over
      the extracellular enamel organ matrix by 23-days gestation. Neither enamelin
      mRNAs or polypeptides were detected during early or late cap stages of
      odontogenesis. Transcription of enamelin mRNAs coding for two enamelins of 65 an
      58 kd (kilodaltons) appeared to be closely coupled with the translation of these
      enamel proteins. We assume that close-range ectomesenchyme- derived instructions
      mediate the biochemical differentiation of ameloblasts between 21-days and 23
      days gestation during fetal rabbit development.

PMID- 6363184
TI  - Myosin transitions in developing fast and slow muscles of the rat hindlimb.
AB  - Myosin isozymes from the slow soleus and fast EDL muscles of the rat hindlimb
      were analyzed by pyrophosphate gel electrophoresis, by peptide mapping of heavy
      chains, and by antibody staining. At the earliest stage examined, 20 days
      gestation, distinctions between the developing fast and slow muscles were seen by
      all these criteria; all fibers in the distal hindlimb reacted strongly with
      antibody to adult fast myosin. Some fibers also reacted with antibody to adult
      slow myosin; these fibers had a precise, axial distribution in the hindlimb. This
      pattern of staining which includes the entire soleus, foreshadows the adult
      distribution of slow fibers and may indicate that the specific pattern of
      innervation of the limb is already determined. In the early developing soleus
      there are four fetal and neonatal isozymes plus two isozymes present in equal
      proportions in the 'slow' area of the pyrophosphate gel. The mobility of these
      two slow isozymes decreases with maturity and the slowest moving isozyme
      gradually becomes the dominant species. Thus early diversity between the soleus
      and EDL is expressed by myosins which are distinct from the mature isozymes. The
      relative proportion of slow isozymes significantly increases with development and
      as this occurs the fetal and neonatal isozymes are progressively eliminated.
      Transiently at least one mature fast isozyme appears in the soleus. This is
      present at 15 days postpartum and probably correlates with the population of
      fast, type II fibers, which comprise 50% of this muscle cell population at 15
      days. The EDL contained three fetal and neonatal isozymes and only one slow
      isozyme which does not change in mobility with age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6363185
TI  - Expression of differentiated function by hepatocytes in primary culture: variable
      effects of glucagon and insulin on gluconeogenesis during cell growth.
AB  - Hormonal effects on gluconeogenesis from lactate were studied during the growth
      cycle of adult rat parenchyma liver cells using a primary monolayer culture
      system previously described [25]. Basal and glucagon-stimulated gluconeogenic
      ability were found to decline rapidly during log phase, insulin-stimulated
      growth. A progressive recovery of gluconeogenesis activity was observed after
      cell division subsided. Rates of lactate-gluconeogenesis were found also to
      decline in the absence of prior insulin exposure. This decline was not as rapid
      as the loss observed in cells cultured with insulin. However, in insulin
      deficient cultures gluconeogenesis was completely abolished after 12 days and did
      not reelevate with further incubation unless cells were washed and exposed to
      glucagon. Decreasing growth rates of insulin-supplemented cultures by decreasing
      serum concentrations resulted in comparatively higher gluconeogenic activity. The
      results presented here are consistent with previous observations of hepatic
      parenchymal expression of 'differentiated function' during cellular growth phases
      in culture (i.e., differentiated functions are generally lost during rapid growth
      and regained as cells become quiescent). The present study, however, presents
      unexpected effects of insulin on the apparent growth-state dependent
      gluconeogenic recovery. Our data imply that although insulin has long been known
      to inhibit gluconeogenesis, its presence in culture may facilitate long-term
      basal maintenance of gluconeogenic enzyme activity. Insulin also functions as a
      growth factor whose initial mitogenic effect correlates with decreased
      gluconeogenic function. These changes show no simple or predictive correlation
      with cyclic nucleotide metabolism.

PMID- 6363186
TI  - Designs and operational characteristics of inhalation exposure equipment--a
      review.
AB  - The development of equipment for use in the experimental study of the effects of
      inhalable airborne materials has been reviewed. Reference is made to early
      descriptions of apparatus employed in the mid-nineteenth century up to the
      present conventional stainless steel and glass units. Whole body chambers, head
      only arrangements and face mask devices are described. Factors governing the
      operational characteristics of chambers when utilized in the static or dynamic
      mode are discussed. The question of uniformity of distribution of the airborne
      agent in chamber atmospheres has been examined at some length. It is concluded
      that unusual arrangements to improve distribution are ineffective or produce only
      marginal improvements. In addition, brief reference has been made to a number of
      special areas of investigation and to certain considerations of interest to the
      operator of inhalation equipment. A list of useful reviews and monographs is
      provided.

PMID- 6363187
TI  - Benzidine dihydrochloride: risk assessment.
AB  - Benzidine, recognized as a bladder carcinogen in man and as a liver carcinogen in
      experimental animals, is the chemical basis of as many as 200 commercial dyes.
      Physiological processes can metabolize these dyes to release benzidine, thereby
      creating a potential exposure hazard. To assess this hazard, both sexes of F1
      hybrid (genetically homogeneous) and monohybrid (genetically heterogeneous) mice
      from a BALB/c male and C57BL/6 female cross were exposed for their respective
      lifespans to benzidine dihydrochloride in their drinking water at concentrations
      of 0, 30, 40, 60, 80, 120, and 160 ppm for males, and 0, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, and
      120 ppm for females. Animals were removed from the study when they were dead or
      moribund. This study was terminated after 33 months of exposure. Using the
      endpoint of hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas, the Armitage Doll multistage
      model was used to describe the tumor rates in the experimental dose range and to
      obtain the upper confidence level on tumor rates. Linear interpolation was used
      between zero dose and the upper confidence level of the lowest experimental
      dosage for predicting potential low dose tumor rates. Dose-response effects on
      body weight, survival, and liver neoplasms were noted in both stocks. For each of
      the endpoints, the females were more susceptible than males and the F1
      (homogeneous) stock was more susceptible than the monohybrid cross
      (heterogeneous). The calculated virtually "safe" dose predicted to produce less
      than one per million F1 female mice with a liver tumor is 0.045 ppb. One part per
      billion of benzidine dihydrochloride in the drinking water of these mice is
      estimated to produce liver tumors in less than 2.23 mice per 100,000 population.

PMID- 6363188
TI  - [Beta 2-microglobulin in lymphoproliferative disorders].

PMID- 6363189
TI  - [Controlled multicenter clinical studies on the effect of (-)eburnamonine versus
      placebo in patients with chronic senile cerebral insufficiency of medium
      significance].

PMID- 6363190
TI  - [Post-infarct ventricular tachycardia. Electrophysiological aspects, endocardial
      and epicardial electromapping and surgical therapy].
AB  - Seven patients (6 men and 1 woman), aged 45-67 years, with previous myocardial
      infarction and recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT), refractory to
      medical treatment, underwent encircling endocardial ventriculotomy, according to
      a modified Guiraudon's technique, associated with surgical resection of
      ventricular aneurysm. Before surgery all patients underwent electrophysiologic
      study, to evaluate the modalities of onset and interruption of VT; endocardial
      mapping at multiple sites was carried out in order to define the site of origin
      of VT and the sequence of endocardial activation: during VT in 5/5 patients the
      earliest activation occurred in the left ventricle at mid septum (2 cases), in
      the low (1 case) and high (1 case) septal regions and in the latero-basal region
      (1 case); the arrhythmias always originated at the border between fibrous and
      viable tissue. Intraoperative mapping was carried out from 18-29 points of the
      epicardial surface, both in sinus rhythm (7 cases) and during VT in the 6
      patients in whom the arrhythmia was inducible with electrical stimulation. During
      sinus rhythm fragmented electrical activity of low voltage and prolonged duration
      was recorded from the epicardial surface of the aneurysm in all cases; during VT
      the site of earliest activation was localized in the low posterior (3 cases),
      high lateral (2 cases) and high posterior (1 case) regions of the left ventricle.
      Intraoperative endocardial mapping during VT confirmed the site of origin of the
      arrhythmia, as determined by preoperative mapping, in the 3 cases in whom it was
      performed. In all cases encircling endocardial ventriculotomy around the area of
      earliest activation or, when the origin of VT was not precisely determined, along
      the border zone of the aneurysm, was associated with conventional surgical
      procedures (aneurysmectomy: 6 cases; incision-suture: 1 case; aorto-coronary
      bypass: 1 case; mitral valve replacement: 1 case). One patient died in the early
      post-operative course with a low-output syndrome. During a follow-up of 6-35
      months, one patient died two months after surgery because of intractable heart
      failure; the remaining patients are alive and well, with no recurrence of VT;
      none of them required antiarrhythmic therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6363191
TI  - [Hemodynamic effects of the acute administration of captopril in refractory
      chronic congestive heart failure. Study of 13 patients and review of the
      literature].
AB  - We examined the acute hemodynamic response to Captopril, an oral converting
      enzyme inhibitor, in 13 patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF)
      refractory to conventional therapy, including other vasodilators. Captopril was
      administered in four increasing doses of 25, 50, 100 and 150 mg. The cardiac
      index (Cl) increased significantly (average +22%) in patients with high plasma
      renin activity (PRA). Pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (PADP) considerably
      decreased in all patients. A moderate decrease in systemic arterial pressure
      (SAP) was also observed. The heart rate (HR) did not change. Peak effect occurred
      90 minutes after administration for the Cl, 30 to 120 minutes for PADP and SAP.
      The drug was well tolerated. This study confirms the acute beneficial hemodynamic
      effects of Captopril in patients with CHF refractory to conventional therapy. The
      possible mechanisms are discussed and the literature is reviewed.

PMID- 6363193
TI  - [Antimycotic chemotherapy. Review and personal contribution].

PMID- 6363192
TI  - [Rifamycin].

PMID- 6363194
TI  - [Regulation of immune responses with antigens administered orally].

PMID- 6363195
TI  - [Immunity in alcoholic cirrhosis].

PMID- 6363196
TI  - Altered gastric emptying and prevention of radiation-induced vomiting in dogs.
AB  - The relation between radiation-induced vomiting and gastric emptying is unclear
      and the treatment of this condition is not established. We explored, therefore,
      (a) the effect of cobalt 60 irradiation on gastric emptying of solids and liquids
      and (b) the possibility of preventing radiation-induced vomiting with the
      dopamine antagonist, domperidone. Twenty dogs were studied on two separate days,
      blindly and in random order, after i.v. injection of either a placebo or 0.06
      mg/kg domperidone. On a third day, they received 8 Gy (800 rads) whole body
      irradiation with cobalt 60 gamma-rays after either placebo (n = 10) or
      domperidone (n = 10). Before each study, each dog was fed chicken liver tagged in
      vivo with 99mTc-sulfur colloid (solid marker), and water containing 111In
      diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (liquid marker). Dogs were placed in a Pavlov
      stand for the subsequent 3 h and radionuclide imaging was performed at 10-min
      intervals. Irradiation produced vomiting in 9 of 10 dogs given placebo but only
      in 1 of 10 dogs pretreated with domperidone (p less than 0.01). Gastric emptying
      of liquids and solids was significantly suppressed by irradiation (p less than
      0.01) after both placebo and domperidone. These results demonstrate that
      radiation-induced vomiting is accompanied by suppression of gastric emptying.
      Furthermore, domperidone prevents vomiting produced by ionizing radiation but
      does not alter the accompanying delay of gastric emptying.

PMID- 6363198
TI  - [Role of insulin in the development of the thrombohemorrhagic syndrome].

PMID- 6363197
TI  - [Use of heparin in salmonellosis].

PMID- 6363199
TI  - [Effect of tricholysine on microcirculation in an experiment].

PMID- 6363200
TI  - [Granulomonocytopoiesis in acute leukemia patients after histocompatible bone
      marrow allografts].

PMID- 6363201
TI  - [Preliminary results of using leukocyte interferon in treating acute leukemia in
      children].

PMID- 6363202
TI  - On the role of prostaglandins in brain mechanisms controlling blood pressure.

PMID- 6363203
TI  - Use of hypnosis in patients receiving hemodialysis for end stage renal disease.
AB  - Dialysis patients experience considerable psychologic stress, but practical
      issues impede delivery of psychiatric care. The authors describe five cases in
      which the use of hypnosis for symptom reduction provided the basis for beneficial
      psychiatric intervention.

PMID- 6363205
TI  - [Genetic express-test for distinguishing between haploids and autodiploids in the
      yeast Saccharomyces].
AB  - Some originally haploid strains of yeast Peterhof breeding stocks obtained in
      tetrad analysis of diploids turned out to be spontaneous autodiploids after
      storage. They produced polyploid hybrids, as shown by tetrad analysis. An express
      test for discrimination between haploids and autodiploids, based on the frequency
      of mitotic homozygotisation for a recessive marker has been developed. It is 10
      100 times higher in heterozygous diploids than in duplex triploids. Tester
      strains bearing selective recessive lys2, sup1 or sup2 marker have been obtained.
      The hybrids of the tester strains and those to be tested were plated on media
      selective for mitotic segregants homozygous for lys2 (medium with alpha
      aminoadipic acid and lysine) or sup1, sup2 (medium without adenine, while the
      hybrid was homozygous for ochre nonsense ade1-6 suppressible by either sup1 or
      sup2); UV-induced mitotic homozygotisation was scored. By our method, we have
      shown that spontaneous autodiploids constitute 70% of strains under investigation
      in Peterhof breeding stocks.

PMID- 6363204
TI  - [Cycloheximide-dependent mutants of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae].
AB  - Selection of sup1 and sup2 mutants in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on
      cycloheximide containing media revealed classes of mutants that either are
      completely unable to grow on YAPD without cycloheximide or need this drug under
      high temperature incubation (30 or 36 degrees C). Some of these mutants also
      exhibit the growth dependence on another antibiotic--trichodermin, and, at the
      same time, the osmotic dependence. A hypothesis claiming that sup1 and sup2
      mutations cause conformational lability fo yeast cytoplasmic ribosomes has been
      put forward. It is also proposed that binding of cycloheximide and trichodermin
      to the mutant ribosomes cause their conformational shift, which compensates the
      functional defects.

PMID- 6363206
TI  - [Mutagenic and DNA-damaging effect of potassium bichromate in Escherichia coli
      cells].
AB  - Mutagenic effects and DNA degradation in Escherichia coli cells treated with
      potassium bichromate were studied in this work. It is estimated that events
      taking place in cells treated with the mutagen are controlled by recB recC and
      sbcB gene products. The method for sedimentation analysis has revealed DNA
      degradation. The use of the impulse label of 3H-thymidine made it possible to
      detect DNA breaks in the daughter strands. This effect of potassium bichromate on
      DNA degradation is, possibly, connected with mutagenic repair.

PMID- 6363207
TI  - [Regulation of yeast gene Leu 2 expression in Escherichia coli by IS1 element].
AB  - Expression of the yeast LEU2 gene in Escherichia coli is not sufficiently high.
      That is why the growth rate of leuB E. coli transformants slowed down on media
      lacking leucine. The mutations leading to the increase in yeast gene expression
      in bacteria were found. It has been shown that mutations are connected with
      insertion of the bacterial IS1 element into the regulatory region of LEU2. The
      increase in the yeast gene expression does not depend on orientation of the
      inserted IS1 element. The IS1 element insertion seems to control the attenuation
      of transcription of LEU2.

PMID- 6363208
TI  - Molecular cloning of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes of
      Bacillus stearothermophilus and Escherichia coli, and their expression in
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Recombinant plasmids derived from pBR322, which carry gap genes coding for the D
      glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases (GAPDH) of Bacillus stearothermophilus
      and Escherichia coli, have been isolated. The selection was carried out by
      complementation of an E. coli gapam mutant. Two plasmids containing B.
      stearothermophilus and E. coli DNA inserts of 4.3 kb and 1.4 kb, respectively,
      were characterized. Transformation of the E. coli mutant with either of the
      recombinant plasmids lead to a very high expression of the GAPDH activity. GAPDH
      produced by the strain containing the B. stearothermophilus gap gene was
      characterized by immunological cross-reactivity with antiserum raised against
      pure B. stearothermophilus GAPDH.

PMID- 6363209
TI  - Cloning and characterization of the ornithine carbamoyltransferase gene from
      Aspergillus nidulans.
AB  - An Aspergillus nidulans DNA fragment composed of two adjacent SalI subfragments
      (1.8 and 0.85 kb) that carries an argB gene complementing the yeast arg3 mutation
      has been isolated from two different gene libraries. Hybridization results and
      immunological tests indicate that the cloned fragment contains the A. nidulans
      structural gene coding for ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OTCase). Using the
      cloned gene as a probe, the specific mRNA was identified. The level of this RNA
      observed in A. nidulans strains grown under various conditions correlated with
      the level of the OTCase activity, suggesting transcriptional control of OTCase
      synthesis. Expression of the cloned gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae does not
      depend on its orientation in the vector. In Escherichia coli, the cloned gene
      does not function; however arg- transformants revert to prototrophy with high
      frequency possibly due to DNA rearrangements within the recombinant plasmid.

PMID- 6363210
TI  - Transcriptional mapping of two yeast genes coding for glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase isolated by sequence homology with the chicken gene.
AB  - Homology between the coding regions of the chicken and yeast glyceraldehyde 3
      phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) genes was directly demonstrated by the
      hybridization of a cDNA clone coding for GAPDH in the chicken with EcoRI-digested
      yeast DNA. A yeast EcoRI fragment library in bacteriophage lambda was screened
      using the chicken cDNA plasmid as probe, and two recombinant phages were
      isolated, each one containing a different GAPDH gene. The initiation and
      termination sites for the GAPDH mRNA were localized for the two different GAPDH
      genes and compared to those of other yeast genes. Measurements of the relative
      mRNA levels for the two genes show that both genes are transcribed at about the
      same level when yeasts are grown on glucose media.

PMID- 6363211
TI  - Selective retention of recombinant plasmids coding for human insulin.
AB  - Plasmids may be lost from Escherichia coli K-12 hosts that are cultured without
      selection for plasmid retention. This is particularly true for chimeric plasmids
      that incorporate genes for human insulin into vectors derived from pBR322. The
      cIts857 gene of bacteriophage lambda was inserted into the bla gene of the human
      insulin-coding plasmids, pIA7 delta 4 delta 1, pIB7 delta 4 delta 1 and pHI7
      delta 4 delta 1, generating the new plasmids pPR17, pPR18 and pPR19,
      respectively, which produced the thermosensitive lambda repressor. The cI gene
      was downstream from the pM and pbla promoters, so that it may have been expressed
      from either or both promoters. Separate E. coli K-12 RV308 host strains
      containing the new recombinants were lysogenized with the repressor-defective
      bacteriophage lambda cI90. Loss of the plasmid from the lysogens causes
      concomitant loss of the lambda repressor and cell death, because the prophage is
      induced to enter the lytic growth cycle. The system effectively forces retention
      of the plasmid in all viable cells in the culture.

PMID- 6363212
TI  - Vectors bearing a hybrid trp-lac promoter useful for regulated expression of
      cloned genes in Escherichia coli.
AB  - A strong promoter has been cloned on a series of plasmid vectors that facilitate
      the expression of cloned genes. This promoter, named tac [first described by
      DeBoer et al. (in Rodriguez, R.L. and Chamberlin, M.J. (Eds.),Promoters,
      Structure and Function. Praeger, New York, 1982, pp. pp. 462-481)] contains the 
      10 region of the lacUV5 promoter and the -35 region of the trp promoter. Our
      vectors contain various cloning sites followed by transcription termination
      signals. In addition, we describe plasmids that facilitate the conversion of the
      lac promoter to the stronger tac promoter. Thus, preexisting gene fusions using
      the lac or the lacUV5 promoter can be readily converted to tac promoter gene
      fusions without changing the ribosome-binding site (RBS). The tac promoter is
      repressed in lacIQ strains and can be induced by isopropylthio-beta-D-galactoside
      (IPTG). Studies of expression of the cI repressor of bacteriophage lambda show
      that the tac promoter is at least five times more efficient than the lacUV5
      promoter. Under optimal conditions lambda repressor constitutes up to 30% of the
      total cellular protein.

PMID- 6363213
TI  - Insertional mutagenesis of the cauliflower mosaic virus genome.
AB  - A series of small insertions has been introduced into the various translational
      reading frames of the DNA of a "severe" strain of cauliflower mosaic virus
      (CaMV). A selectable gene (the kanamycin phosphotransferase gene of Tn903),
      flanked by a series of symmetrically arranged cloning sites taken from M13mp7,
      was used to prepare the site-specific mutants. In-phase insertions of 12 or 30
      bp, which introduced unique SalI sites into reading regions I, III, IV, V and
      into the amino-proximal portion of region VI, destroyed infectivity. Insertions
      in the amino-distal portion of region VI, in the large intergenic region, and in
      region II retained infectivity. The amino-distal insertions in region VI reduced
      the severity of symptoms in plants. The insertion in region II destroyed aphid
      transmissibility. Longer DNA segments when inserted into region II or into the
      amino-distal portion of region VI destroyed infectivity, but similar insertions
      in the intergenic region were without effect on virus infection or development.

PMID- 6363215
TI  - Characterization of the ush gene of Escherichia coli and its protein products.
AB  - The Escherichia coli ush gene has been subcloned and the coding sequence
      delineated using BAL31 nuclease digestion. Synthesis of proteins encoded by the
      ush gene have been examined in "maxicells"; two proteins are made, one of which
      corresponds in Mr (61000) to purified uridine diphosphoglucose hydrolase and the
      other, less abundant, has an Mr of 43 000. A deletion at the 3' end of the gene
      introduced by restriction endonuclease digestion, results in the synthesis of a
      truncated protein of the expected Mr of about 43 000. Precursors of all these
      proteins are observed in maxicells under conditions known to inhibit processing
      of secreted proteins. Whereas the precursor of the major ush-encoded protein is
      retained in the cytoplasm-plus-membrane fraction, unexpectedly the precursor of
      the truncated protein is secreted. The mature forms of both the normal and
      truncated proteins are secreted.

PMID- 6363214
TI  - A general method for polyethylene-glycol-induced genetic transformation of
      bacteria and yeast.
AB  - Polyethylene glycol (PEG) can induce genetic transformation in both bacteria
      (Escherichia coli) and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) without cell wall
      removal. PEG-mediated transformation of E. coli is technically simple and yields
      transformants with an efficiency of 10(6)-10(7) transformants/microgram DNA.
      Detailed analysis of the parameters involved in PEG-mediated transformation of E.
      coli reveals basic differences between the PEG and standard CaCl2 methods for
      transformation of E. coli. PEG-mediated transformation of yeast is far simpler
      than existing protoplast methods and is comparable in efficiency. The new methods
      described here for PEG-mediated genetic transformation may prove to be of general
      utility in performing genetic transformation in a wide variety of organisms.

PMID- 6363216
TI  - Injection sclerotherapy for oesophageal varices: a prospective randomised trial
      of different treatment schedules.
AB  - A prospective randomised study to compare the efficacy and complications of
      injection sclerotherapy carried out at intervals of one week and three weeks up
      to the time obliteration of varices was achieved, was undertaken in 55 patients
      (48 cirrhosis, six portal vein thrombosis, one nodular regenerative hyperplasia).
      The number of courses of injection required for obliteration of the varices was
      not different in the two groups and despite a shorter time scale for obliteration
      in the weekly treated patients the frequency with which further episodes of
      bleeding occurred before that was not significantly less. Mucosal ulceration
      during the period required for obliteration was observed at endoscopy more
      frequently in the weekly treated patients but was not associated with a greater
      frequency of postinjection pain, dysphagia or of long term stricture formation.

PMID- 6363217
TI  - Bacteriuria and primary biliary cirrhosis.
AB  - Significant bacteriuria was found in 19% of 87 women with primary biliary
      cirrhosis, whereas in 89 women with other types of chronic liver disease
      bacteriuria was present in only 7%. In 74 women with rheumatoid arthritis 8% were
      bacteriuric. Midstream urine specimens obtained from 144 consecutive women with
      primary biliary cirrhosis attending hospital over a two year period showed that
      50 (35%) developed bacteriuria during 12 months of follow up. Bacteriuria was
      unrelated to age, raised serum bilirubin, drug therapy or urinary pH but was more
      common in patients with late stage (fibrotic) disease as judged by histological
      criteria. Fifty seven per cent of bacteriuric primary biliary cirrhosis patients
      suffered more than one urinary infection. Fifty nine per cent of the 156
      bacteriuric episodes were asymptomatic. The types of organism isolated, the
      antibiotic sensitivity patterns and cure rate were similar to those reported in
      bacteriuric women without other underlying disease. The reinfection rate (34%),
      however, was double that reported for bacteriuric episodes in 'problem' women
      with recurrent bacteriuria, indicating a special susceptibility to urinary
      infection. The most common isolates were E coli (70%), which did not show
      abnormal adhesiveness to uroepithelial or buccal cells of normal women, or to
      those of primary biliary cirrhosis patients. Patients with primary biliary
      cirrhosis have not been reported to be more susceptible to infection in general.
      Bacteriuria, however, was common throughout all clinical stages of primary
      biliary cirrhosis. Thus there may be a unique association between bacteriuria and
      primary biliary cirrhosis.

PMID- 6363218
TI  - Inflammatory bowel disease in childhood.

PMID- 6363219
TI  - Controlled trial of rifampicin and ethambutol in Crohn's disease.
AB  - We pursued the possibility that Mycobacterium kansasii might be an aetiological
      agent in Crohn's disease by carrying out a trial of treatment with
      antimycobacterial drugs. Twenty seven patients with Crohn's disease took part in
      a two year randomised double blind, crossover, controlled trial of rifampicin
      plus ethambutol against placebo. Fourteen patients completed the trial; four
      required an operation; five were withdrawn as poor compliers, and four because of
      adverse effects. There was no significant difference in response to the active
      drugs compared with placebo when expressed in terms of a Crohn's disease activity
      index or any clinical indicator of disease activity. There was no suggestion that
      any subgroup of patients - for example, different regions of bowel affected or
      previous operation - were favourably affected by the drugs. There was no
      consistent pattern of change in prednisolone requirements although eight patients
      on long term sulphasalazine had a significant reduction in their plasma
      sulphapyridine concentrations during the active treatment period. A significant
      reduction in total white blood count and an increase in plasma ALT were seen
      during active therapy. The results of the study do not suggest that rifampicin
      and ethambutol have a role to play in the treatment of Crohn's disease.

PMID- 6363220
TI  - Treatment of duodenal ulcer with pirenzepine and cimetidine.
AB  - The purpose of this single blind controlled multicentre trial was to compare the
      relative effectiveness of pirenzepine and cimetidine in healing endoscopically
      proven duodenal ulcers. One hundred and twenty six patients with duodenal ulcer
      were treated with a daily dose of 100 mg pirenzepine (50 mg each before breakfast
      and before the evening meal), and 128 patients were treated with 1000 mg
      cimetidine (200 mg with breakfast, lunch, and evening meal and 400 mg at
      bedtime). Endoscopy was repeated after four weeks by an endoscopist who had not
      been informed about the treatment. Pirenzepine showed a healing rate of 64.3%,
      cimetidine one of 73.4%. This difference is not statistically significant (one
      sided test: chi 1(2) = 2.48). After four weeks a higher proportion of first
      ulcers than of recurrent lesions was healed. Pain relief was rapidly achieved
      with both drugs. A significant trend in favour of cimetidine may, however, not be
      clinically relevant considering the small difference in the absolute numbers of
      pain free days and nights. Adverse effects were rare and reversible. We conclude
      that the efficacy of pirenzepine is similar to that of cimetidine in healing
      duodenal ulcers.

PMID- 6363221
TI  - [Current diagnosis of female urinary incontinence].

PMID- 6363222
TI  - [Surgical treatment of urinary stress incontinence].

PMID- 6363223
TI  - [Conservative treatment of functional disorders of the lower urinary tract].

PMID- 6363224
TI  - [Advances in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of urologic-gynecologic
      complications].

PMID- 6363225
TI  - [Sonographic diagnosis and therapeutic consequences of urinary tract
      abnormalities in the fetus].

PMID- 6363226
TI  - [Metabolic complications following kidney transplantation].

PMID- 6363227
TI  - [Scientific pathology in the books of Talmud].

PMID- 6363228
TI  - Crisis intervention and social work practice in hospitals.
AB  - Crisis intervention, with its emphasis on focused treatment in a limited time
      frame, is adaptable to social work practice in hospitals. The author discusses
      the crisis intervention model in relation to the hospitalized patient and his or
      her family and examines three kinds of crises: those caused by illness or
      injuries, by hospitalization itself, and by treatment procedures.

PMID- 6363229
TI  - Medication utilization problems among the elderly.
AB  - The improper use of medication can frequently threaten the health and well-being
      of elderly persons. This article alerts social work practitioners to the possible
      dangers of drug utilization among the elderly and explains the factors commonly
      associated with the inappropriate use of drugs.

PMID- 6363230
TI  - Evaluations of antibody levels in Toxoplasma infection by the immunofluorescent
      antibody test and ELISA test.
AB  - In this study 292 sera were screened by the IFAT. 46 sera with variable IFAT
      titres were tested with ELISA Reagent Set and microtitration tests. A comparative
      evaluation of the specificity and reliability of ELISA method with that of IFAT
      for the detection of Toxoplasma infection was done.

PMID- 6363231
TI  - [Plasma bradykinin concentration in patients with cardiovascular diseases].
AB  - The present study was undertaken to quantify the circulating kinins in patients
      with various cardiovascular diseases using a newly developed radioimmunoassay
      technique and to evaluate this method in terms of its clinical application. For
      the determination of bradykinin (BK), this assay uses a rabbit anti-serum which
      has been injected with kallidin. This assay shows good specific activity,
      recovery and reproducibility. In order to avoid the formation of kinin as well as
      to block its inactivation, human blood samples were collected with a
      polypropylene syringe containing an inhibitor mixture (EDTA, trasylol, 1-10
      phenanthroline, soybean trypsin inhibitor, polybrene). 1) The plasma BK
      concentration in normal human subjects, in patients with essential hypertension,
      effort angina and other cardiac diseases were 12.2, 9.2, 8.0 and 14.0 pg/ml,
      respectively. 2) Thirty min after captopril (12.5 mg, p.o.) administration, blood
      pressure and pulmonary wedge pressures decreased, and cardiac output increased
      accompanied with increases in plasma renin activity, plasma BK concentration and
      plasma norepinephrine concentration. 3) During the cold pressor test, both plasma
      BK concentration and blood pressure increased in the normal human subjects,
      whereas plasma BK levels decreased and blood pressure increased in the patients
      with hypertension. This radioimmunoassay for plasma BK determination makes it
      possible to measure plasma BK concentration in patients with various cardiac
      diseases.

PMID- 6363232
TI  - Possible mutagenic constituents in nitrite-treated soy sauce.
AB  - Soy sauce was heated with 100, 500, 1000 or 2000 ppm sodium nitrite for 30 min at
      80 degrees C and pH 3. The reaction mixtures were extracted with dichloromethane
      followed by ethyl acetate. After removal of the solvents, the extracts were
      subjected to analysis (gas chromatograph-thermal energy analyser and gas
      chromatograph-mass spectrometer) and Ames mutagenicity tests. N
      Nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrosodiethylamine were found in the dichloromethane
      extract of the soy sauce treated with 2000 ppm nitrite at levels of 10 and 120
      micrograms/ml, respectively. N-Nitrosoproline was identified in the ethyl acetate
      extract of the same sample at a level of 0.5 microgram/ml. Both extracts
      exhibited dose-related mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 with S
      9 mix. The dichloromethane extract showed much higher mutagenicity than did the
      ethyl acetate extract. The samples obtained from soy sauce treated with 100, 500
      and 1000 ppm nitrite were not mutagenic, but N-nitrosodiethylamine was detected
      by thermal energy analysis in the soy sauce treated with 1000 ppm nitrite. The
      addition of 10,000 ppm L-ascorbic acid, along with 2000 ppm nitrite, to soy sauce
      prevented the formation of mutagenic materials or detectable nitrosamines.

PMID- 6363233
TI  - Review of recent toxicology studies on p-dichlorobenzene.
AB  - Results from recent long-term inhalation, mutagenicity, embryotoxicity and
      metabolism studies on p-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB) are reviewed. Groups of male and
      female rats and female mice were exposed for 5 hr/day on 5 days/wk to p-DCB at
      concentrations of 0, 75 or 500 ppm for a total period of c. 76 wk (rats) or 57 wk
      (female mice) followed by 36 wk (rats) or 19 wk (female mice) without p-DCB
      exposure. No overt signs of toxicity were apparent at any exposure level nor were
      there treatment-related effects on the biochemical determinations, urine analyses
      or haematological parameters. Slightly elevated urinary coproporphyrin excretion
      and increased liver and kidney weights were regarded as treatment-related effects
      in the 500-ppm exposure group of the rats. The non-tumour and tumour pathology
      did not indicate any treatment-related effect in any group of either species. An
      embryotoxicity and teratology study on rats exposed to 0, 75, 200 or 500 ppm p
      DCB vapour in air during the period of organogenesis did not demonstrate any
      signs of embryo- or foetotoxicity or teratogenicity at any exposure level. In a
      series of mutagenicity tests including the Salmonella typhimurium, dominant
      lethal and cytogenetic assays, p-DCB did not produce a mutagenic response.
      Studies using oral or inhalation routes of exposure demonstrated rapid metabolic
      transformation of p-DCB and excretion of the products, even after long-term
      exposure.

PMID- 6363235
TI  - Penetrating keratoplasty following intermediate term organ culture corneal
      preservation at 37 degrees C.

PMID- 6363234
TI  - A probable case of euthanasia amongst prehistoric aborigines at Roonka, South
      Australia.
AB  - Amongst skeletons recovered from an archeological survey at Roonka on the lower
      Murray River in South Australia was that of a pregnant woman. The position of the
      full term foetus and evidence of head trauma to the woman suggests that a mercy
      killing took place following failure of childbirth. The study of this burial
      provides an insight into Aboriginal society which would not be available from
      other sources.

PMID- 6363236
TI  - [Changes in the cornea after complicated pseudophakia and associated
      keratoplasty. Clinical and scanning electron microscope findings].

PMID- 6363237
TI  - [Functional organization of the mammalian retina--physiological and
      pathophysiologic aspects].

PMID- 6363238
TI  - Prosthetic valve endocarditis: an overview.
AB  - Infection of an intracardiac prosthesis, the incidence of which is about 2.5%
      among patients having undergone valve replacement, is a serious complication with
      considerable morbidity and mortality. Early prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE),
      with an onset within 60 days of valve replacement, accounts for approximately one
      third of all cases, while the remaining two-thirds, occur more than two months
      postoperatively (late prosthetic valve endocarditis). Prosthetic valve
      endocarditis is most commonly caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis, less
      frequently by viridans streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, and gram-negative
      bacilli. The most likely pathogenetic mechanisms in prosthetic valve endocarditis
      are intraoperative contamination and postoperative infections at extracardiac
      sites. Prominent clinical features include fever, new or changing heart murmurs,
      leukocytosis, anemia and hematuria. The etiologic microorganism can be isolated
      in more than 90% of all cases. Patients with proven prosthetic valve endocarditis
      should be examined daily to detect signs of congestive heart failure and changes
      in murmurs; electrocardiographic monitoring is essential for documentation of
      arrhythmias. With limitations, echocardiography, especially two-dimensional, may
      help to demonstrate vegetations or valvular dehiscence. Cinefluoroscopy may
      reveal loosening or dehiscence of the sewing ring or impaired motion of a radio
      opaque poppet due to thrombus or vegetation. Cardiac catheterization, not always
      necessary even when surgical intervention is anticipated, may provide valuable
      information on the degree of dysfunction, multiple valve involvement, left
      ventricular function and extent of concomitant coronary artery disease. In
      patients with mechanical valves, prosthetic valve endocarditis may be associated
      with a high incidence of valve ring and myocardial abscesses; the reported
      frequency of valve ring abscesses is lower with porcine heterografts. Infections
      on mechanical valves characteristically localize to the sewing ring with
      subsequent detachment of the prosthesis and valvular incompetence; infections on
      porcine heterografts tend to localize to the cusps, leading to valvular
      incompetence because of leaflet destruction. Large vegetations may result in
      functional stenosis. Over the last ten years the overall mortality of prosthetic
      valve endocarditis was 53.8%; 73.6% in early and 43% in late prosthetic valve
      endocarditis. More recently, however, the survival rate appears to be improving.
      In general, the mortality associated with prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by
      fungi and Staphylococcus aureus is highest and that of streptococci
      lowest.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6363239
TI  - Residual beta-cell function in type II diabetes and evaluation of the hepatic
      insulin extraction.
AB  - Insulin and C-peptide (free insulin and C-peptide in insulin-treated patients)
      were measured after glucose stimulation in nine Type II diabetics on
      chlorpropamide, eleven insulin-treated maturity-onset diabetics and in 8 normal
      controls. Dissociation between C-peptide and insulin response to glucose was
      observed in several diabetics. The relation between incremental molar areas under
      C-peptide and insulin curves, after glucose challenge (delta CPR - delta
      IRI/delta CPR) were used to evaluate the hepatic insulin extraction in all but
      the insulin-treated diabetics. The lower insulin requirements and better control
      of the short-duration insulin-treated maturity-onset diabetics in relation to the
      long-term ones could not be explained either by the residual insulin secretion or
      by the level of "insulin antibodies". The chlorpropamide-responsive patients
      presented higher insulin levels after the glucose challenge and a lower hepatic
      insulin extraction than the non-responsive ones.

PMID- 6363240
TI  - Hyperfunction of the entero-PP axis in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - In a previous study we have found that the plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP)
      response to oral glucose loading is exaggerated in diabetic patients compared
      with normal subjects. We have investigated, therefore, the effects of a protein
      rich meal or meat extract ingestion on plasma PP secretion and examined also the
      effects of intravenous arginine administration on PP levels in normal subjects
      and in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Following a
      600 Kcal meal ingestion, plasma PP levels increased immediately and showed
      biphasic secretion in normal subjects and in NIDDM, but the response was
      exaggerated in NIDDM. A 50 g meat extract administration also produced an
      exaggerated PP response in NIDDM compared with normal subjects. In NIDDM and
      normal subjects, plasma PP levels did not change significantly during an arginine
      infusion (30 g for 45 min) but after the end of the infusion PP levels increased
      significantly compared with basal levels. In normal subjects, plasma PP rose
      abruptly after a bolus arginine injection (4 g for 2 min) and then remained at
      significantly high levels even 30 min after the injection. In NIDDM, however,
      plasma PP levels tended to increase, but not significantly, after the bolus
      arginine injection. Since in NIDDM the protein-rich meal and meat extract
      ingestion produced an exaggerated rise in plasma PP while the PP responses to the
      intravenous arginine administration were rather impaired compared with normal
      subjects, we suggest that the entero-PP axis is overactive in NIDDM.

PMID- 6363241
TI  - Peripheral glucose uptake in young men with myocardial infarction.
AB  - Forearm glucose uptake (FGU) was studied during 100 g oral glucose tolerance
      tests (GTT) in nonobese, nondiabetic men who had suffered a myocardial infarction
      (MI) at or before the age of 40, and the results compared with the response in
      age-matched normal men. In the MI group the rise in both glucose and insulin
      concentrations after glucose loading was similar to that in normal subjects,
      although in the former, peak levels tended to be slightly higher. Concomitant
      FGU, however, was significantly greater in the MI group than in control subjects
      in the period 0-90 min and in the test as a whole (0-180 min). The results show
      that at least in some nondiabetics suffering MI at an early age hyperinsulinism
      is not a feature and peripheral tissue sensitivity is increased.

PMID- 6363242
TI  - Studies on the role of opiate peptides in two forms of genetic obesity: ob/ob
      mouse and fa/fa rat.
AB  - Recent reports have indicated that genetically obese hyperinsulinemic mice
      (ob/ob) and Zucker rats (fa/fa) compared with their lean controls have elevated
      levels of pituitary and plasma B-endorphins, opiates that can stimulate insulin
      secretion. In this study we have measured opiate levels by a radio-receptor assay
      in gastro-intestinal tissues and pancreas in ob/ob and fa/fa animals and their
      controls. Ob/ob mice showed significantly higher levels than control mice (+/+)
      in most gastro-intestinal tissues and pancreas. Levels in fa/fa rats did not
      differ from their controls. Radioimmunoassay of pancreas for B-endorphins,
      revealed higher levels in ob/ob vs +/+ mice, while there was no difference in the
      obese and lean rats. Fasting tended to decrease gastro-intestinal opioids in
      mice, while B-endorphin levels rose. It is concluded that opiates may play a
      significant role in the obesity of the ob/ob mouse and that this genetic obesity
      differs from that in Zucker rats.

PMID- 6363243
TI  - The effect of magnesium deficiency on glucose stimulated insulin secretion in
      rats.
AB  - Weanling Sherman rats were pair-fed for 8 days on a control or a magnesium
      deficient diet containing 70.5% sucrose. After a 12-hour fast, the rats were
      injected intraperitoneally with glucose (250 mg/100 g body weight) and arterial
      blood was drawn at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 minutes after injection. Before glucose
      loading, in magnesium deficient rats, plasma magnesium levels were significantly
      increased. The plasma triglyceride concentration was significantly higher in
      magnesium deficient rats compared to controls. After glucose loading, in the
      control group, the plasma insulin concentrations increased to 67.9 +/- 5.8
      microU/ml at 15 minutes and returned to pretreatment levels by 30 minutes; in the
      magnesium-deficient rats, the plasma insulin levels were significantly lower at
      15 minutes 32.9 +/- 5.6 microU/ml (P less than 0.01) and returned more slowly to
      the pre-challenge level. No significant differences were observed in plasma
      glucose levels between the two groups of rats.

PMID- 6363244
TI  - The mechanism of aldosterone response to furosemide test in patients with Shy
      Drager syndrome.
AB  - We examined the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in seven patients with Shy
      Drager syndrome by studying their response to the stimulation of 1 mg/kg
      furosemide injection followed by sitting for 1 hour. Six of the seven patients
      showed a low response of plasma renin activity to the stimulation. However, in
      five of the low responders, the plasma aldosterone levels after stimulation were
      observed to be similar to those of the control subjects; in addition, an
      increment in the plasma cortisol level appeared although no such increment was
      observed in normal subjects. Next, we studied the aldosterone response to
      angiotensin II. The five patients who showed a low plasma renin activity response
      and a normal aldosterone response to furosemide administration also showed low
      plasma aldosterone response to angiotensin II. Furthermore, in the patients who
      demonstrated a low plasma renin activity response and a normal aldosterone
      response to furosemide administration, the pretreatment with 2 mg dexamethasone
      for 2 days caused a marked inhibition of aldosterone response to the stimulation.
      These findings suggested that in most patients with Shy-Drager syndrome, the
      plasma aldosterone response to the stimulation of furosemide injection followed
      by sitting for 1 hour might be controlled by ACTH but not by plasma renin
      activity.

PMID- 6363245
TI  - Toscanini's relation to his orchestra.

PMID- 6363246
TI  - Increased sensitivity of mouse mammary gland for hormones and tumor promoter 12-O
      tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate in tissues containing the Mtv-2 gene.
AB  - We have compared the response of mammary explants obtained from GR mice with
      those derived from GR/Mtv-2- congenic mice towards hormones and tumor promoter 12
      O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). In explants of the mammary glands of
      virgin GR mice, insulin, prolactin, progesterone and TPA stimulated the rate of
      (3H)-thymidine incorporation into DNA. A significantly lower response towards
      prolactin and TPA was observed in mammary explants derived from GR/Mtv-2-mice.
      The differential sensitivity of mammary tissues from GR and GR/Mtv-2-mouse
      strains to the actions of prolactin and tumor promoter is directly correlated to
      their different incidences of spontaneous tumor formation; it is not known if
      there is a causal relationship.

PMID- 6363247
TI  - Venocclusive disease of the liver after bone marrow transplantation: diagnosis,
      incidence, and predisposing factors.
AB  - Venocclusive disease (VOD) of the liver, a fibrous obliteration of small hepatic
      venules, can be caused by chemoradiation therapy. We reviewed 255 consecutive
      patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation for malignancy during 1978 to
      1980 in order to determine the incidence of VOD and the predisposing factors.
      Fifty-three of 255 patients met our criteria for VOD, for an incidence of 21%.
      Multivariate analysis showed that the most significant risk factors for VOD were
      age over 15, an underlying malignancy other than acute lymphocytic leukemia and
      hepatitis prior to transplantation. Patients with hepatitis had a 3.4-fold risk
      of developing VOD, as compared to patients with normal SGOT values (p = 0.0004).
      Hepatitis in this setting is probably of non-A, non-B viral etiology and
      represents a relative contraindication to marrow transplantation because of
      enhanced toxicity from conditioning chemoradiotherapy.

PMID- 6363248
TI  - Hepatic graft versus host disease: a study of the predictive value of liver
      biopsy in diagnosis.
AB  - Ninety-six liver biopsies [32 bone marrow transplant (BMT), 7 pre-BMT, and 57 non
      BMT] are reviewed for histological evidence of graft versus host disease (GVHD),
      based on bile duct atypia and related inflammatory changes. In addition, the
      presence of cholestasis, piecemeal necrosis, and attachment of lymphocytes to
      vascular endothelium (endothelialitis) are evaluated. The 57 non-BMT biopsies
      include examples of viral hepatitis (acute and chronic), nonviral chronic
      hepatitis, extrahepatic biliary obstruction, cytomegalovirus hepatitis, primary
      biliary cirrhosis, and orthotopic liver transplant rejection. Although the
      sensitivity of bile duct damage as an indicator of GVHD appears high (only one
      probable false negative was noted), there is considerable overlap between the
      changes of GVHD and occasional cases of acute and chronic hepatitis and
      extrahepatic biliary obstruction. Nine of the 57 non-BMT biopsies (15%) were felt
      to be consistent with GVHD and represent "false positives". Despite this relative
      lack of specificity, analysis of several features in combination provided clues
      to improve accuracy of diagnosis. The findings of extensive bile duct damage with
      minimal inflammatory changes is characteristic of GVHD. Possibly more predictive
      is the presence of endothelialitis of portal or central veins, which was seen in
      only three non-BMT biopsies, being present in eight cases of GVHD.

PMID- 6363249
TI  - The future of hepatology.

PMID- 6363250
TI  - Ultrastructural studies of fibroblasts transfected with hepatitis B virus DNA.
AB  - Cultured 3T3 mouse fibroblasts transfected with cloned hepatitis B virus genome
      and DNA coding for methotrexate-resistant dihydrofolate reductase, produce and
      secrete significant amounts of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg).
      Ultrastructural morphometry revealed that fibroblasts transfected with hepatitis
      B virus DNA contained significantly more lysosomes than did fibroblasts
      transfected with the gene coding for methotrexate resistance or normal
      fibroblasts. Although abundant HBsAg was found in the cytoplasm of transfected
      fibroblasts by immunologic methods, HBsAg particles were not detected by electron
      microscopy. Immunoelectron microscopy localized HBsAg to the nuclear envelope,
      rough endoplasmic reticulum, and endoplasmic cisternae. These findings suggest
      that the transfected cells produce mainly nonparticulate HBsAg or that they have
      a defect in intracisternal packaging of HBsAg into particles.

PMID- 6363251
TI  - National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference on Liver
      Transplantation. Sponsored by the National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes, and
      Digestive and Kidney Diseases and the National Institutes of Health Office of
      Medical Applications of Research.

PMID- 6363252
TI  - Issues in liver transplantation.

PMID- 6363253
TI  - Medical treatment vs. transplantation in liver disorders.

PMID- 6363254
TI  - National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement: liver
      transplantation--June 20-23, 1983.

PMID- 6363255
TI  - Wilson's disease: indications for liver transplants.
AB  - The clinical course of certain patients with Wilson's disease resembles that of
      patients with viral or drug-induced fulminant hepatitis lasting only few weeks
      from recognition of symptoms to severe hepatic insufficiency and death. The
      disease is complicated by hemolysis and is characterized by hypercupremia.
      Routine laboratory findings may underestimate the severity of the disease. These
      patients, as well as patients with decompensated Wilsonian cirrhosis who are not
      responding to therapy, should be considered as candidates for liver transplants.

PMID- 6363256
TI  - An assessment of orthotopic liver transplantation in acute liver failure.
AB  - Mortality of fulminant hepatic failure with standard supportive therapy is high
      (80 to 85%), but unfortunately most patients present to hospital already in Grade
      IV encephalopathy with severe liver dysfunction, and many have secondary organ
      damage. If seen earlier, during Grade III encephalopathy, recent experience with
      charcoal hemoperfusion can give good results (65% survival). Transplantation has
      a place in those patients who do not respond, and in cases with early Grade IV
      encephalopathy. Transplantation should also be considered in patients with
      subacute hepatic failure in whom mortality is equally high and progression to
      cirrhosis may occur in those who recover. In both groups, the ability to correct
      the hemorrhagic diathesis and an adequate supply of donor organs are essential to
      achievement of a successful transplant at this critical time.

PMID- 6363257
TI  - Primary biliary cirrhosis.

PMID- 6363258
TI  - Analysis of liver transplantation.
AB  - Liver transplantation has been developed to the point of a service operation, the
      exploitation of which depends upon the establishment of multiple regional
      centers. The increased use of this procedure will permit the delivery of optimum
      health care to victims of endstage liver disease.

PMID- 6363259
TI  - The Cambridge and King's College Hospital experience of liver transplantation,
      1968-1983.
AB  - The postoperative course of 138 transplants performed in 137 patients in the
      Cambridge and King's College Hospital series between May 2, 1968 and April 1,
      1983 is presented. During the last 15 years, criteria for selection of transplant
      candidates has been improved and types of disease categories, both suitable and
      unsuitable for liver transplantation, have been defined. The acceptance of the
      concept of brain death and the use of heart-beating donors in the United Kingdom
      since 1976 has greatly improved the quality of donor organs. Changes in surgical
      technique, particularly with regard to biliary tract drainage, have reduced
      morbidity and mortality from biliary tract complications since 1975. The use of
      partial cardiopulmonary bypass in selected cases and changes in immunosuppressive
      drug regimens have not significantly improved our overall results. Despite these
      changes based on our experience, the perioperative mortality in the Cambridge and
      King's College Hospital series remains disturbingly high.

PMID- 6363260
TI  - Orthotopic liver transplantation in Groningen, The Netherlands (1979-1983).
AB  - From March, 1979 to March, 1983, 26 orthotopic liver transplantations and 1
      retransplantation were performed in our center. Sixteen patients are alive, 5
      beyond 2 years and 1 longer than 4 years after transplantation. The actuarial 1-
      and 2-year survival is 60%. Factors contributing to this result are patient
      selection and biliary anastomosis. In cirrhotic patients, the degree of
      deterioration of liver function correlated with survival; in patients with
      hepatocellular carcinoma, extrahepatic spread of tumor was the most frequent
      limiting factor. Choledochocholedochostomy with a widening plasty had a low
      complication rate providing that the arterial blood supply was undisturbed. Until
      now, HLA-matching has not contributed to the result of liver transplantation,
      although the effect for long-term survival is still unknown. The high survival
      rate and excellent quality of life of long-term survivors justify liver
      transplantation as treatment for otherwise noncurable liver diseases.

PMID- 6363261
TI  - Liver procurement for orthotopic transplantation: an analysis of the Pittsburgh
      experience.
AB  - The incidence of prospective organ donors in the United States and the techniques
      which are to used to guarantee their optimal use after identification are
      analyzed. Attitudes of the public and health professionals toward organ donation
      are discussed. The organization of the Pittsburgh Organ Procurement Agency and
      its relationship to other such agencies is described. Finally, the presently used
      techniques of liver salvaging and preservation are outlined.

PMID- 6363262
TI  - Skills and resources needed for liver transplantation.
AB  - Trained specialists in hepatology, liver and biliary surgery, anesthesiology and
      pathology must form the core of a team for liver transplantation. The hospital
      must be a center for organ transplantation to provide the essential
      infrastructure to manage specific aspects of transplantation. A well-organized
      blood bank is essential to cope with acute requests for large amounts of donor
      blood. Because of the extremely high costs, liver transplantation has to be
      approved medically and politically before it can be considered as a generally
      accepted modality of treatment.

PMID- 6363263
TI  - Some immunological considerations in liver transplantation.
AB  - Immunological considerations of special interest in liver transplantation are
      examined. It is concluded that liver transplants between human beings generate
      typical rejection reactions although they may, overall, be somewhat more mild
      than those encountered in transplanted kidneys and hearts. This is the case in
      some animals for reasons which are not yet clear. There is evidence that the
      transplanted liver can suffer immune attack better than other organs. Whether
      graft-vs.-host activity is of clinical importance is uncertain. The advent of
      cyclosporin immunosuppression has improved the outlook for liver recipients but
      multiple complications of immunosuppression will still occur and demand skillful
      management.

PMID- 6363264
TI  - Medical aspects of liver transplantation.
AB  - The methods used to screen prospective candidates for orthotopic liver
      transplantation are described. Both the indication and the contraindications for
      the procedure are discussed. The timing of the procedure during the course of an
      individual candidate's liver disease is also discussed. Additionally, the
      institutional requirements of a liver transplant center are identified. Finally,
      the problems experienced by a liver transplant patient and his physician during
      the postoperative period are identified and discussed.

PMID- 6363265
TI  - Epidemiology and clinical course of liver diseases: identification of candidates
      for hepatic transplantation.
AB  - Among a variety of liver diseases that have been treated by hepatic
      transplantation, several were chosen for evaluation because of their frequency or
      high rate of fatality. Information regarding the incidence and prevalence in the
      United States, the natural history with conventional therapy, and prognostic
      indicators of a terminal phase is reviewed. Based on this information, specific
      candidates for hepatic transplantation are identified.

PMID- 6363266
TI  - Human liver transplantation: analysis of data on 540 patients from four centers.
AB  - The results of liver transplantation in a total of 540 patients from four centers
      in the United States and Western Europe have been collated. Twenty-five per cent
      of all transplants were performed for neoplastic disease. One- and 3-year
      survivals for this group were approximately 26 and 12% overall, and survival
      differed little for patients transplanted before and after January 1, 1980. Among
      the 44% of patients transplanted for endstage cirrhosis, 3-year survival was
      lowest for patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (20%). Three-year survival was
      greater for patients with nonalcoholic cirrhosis (29% overall), did not differ
      markedly among the various subtypes, and was greater for patients transplanted
      after January 1, 1980 (42%), as compared with before (22%). Patients with biliary
      atresia, sclerosing cholangitis, and metabolic and miscellaneous disorders
      constituted the remaining 30% of patients; 3-year survival varied from about 20
      to 44% overall for the various subgroups, with a consistent trend toward improved
      survival among patients transplanted after January 1, 1980. The use of
      cyclosporin may not wholly explain this improved survival among more recently
      transplanted patients. Quality of life for transplant recipients surviving at
      least 3 months, as judged by a limited amount of data regarding time-in-hospital
      and functional status, appears to be good.

PMID- 6363267
TI  - [Primary structure of hemoglobins of the musk rat (Ondatra zibethica, Rodentia)].
AB  - The amino-acid sequence for the hemoglobin of the musk-rat (Ondatra zibethica)
      was determined. The sequence of both chains was established by automatic Edman
      Begg degradation of the tryptic peptides and, in the case of the beta-chains
      additionally of the prolyl-peptide. The complete primary structure of the alpha
      chains differs at 22, that of the beta-chains at 36 positions from the adult
      human hemoglobin. There are no changes in the heme-binding residues, the alpha 1-
      beta 2 contact positions and the allosteric regulator sites. In the heme-pocket
      we found beta 44 Ser leads to His and 8 positions changed within the alpha 1-
      beta 1 contact regions. These changes are discussed with respect to the function
      of the respective regions.

PMID- 6363269
TI  - Angiosarcoma in irradiated post-mastectomy chest wall.
AB  - A 61-year-old woman developed an angiosarcoma in the irradiated chest wall 2 1/2
      and 4 years after mastectomy for a carcinoma of breast. The two sets of tumours
      were morphologically distinct and differed immunohistochemically. The short
      interval between post-operative irradiation and presentation of the angiosarcoma
      is unusual. The case is discussed in relation to others of allied type.

PMID- 6363268
TI  - [B17-D-leucine]insulin and [B17-norleucine]insulin: synthesis and biological
      properties.
AB  - The chemical synthesis of two porcine insulin analogues is described. Leucine in
      position B17 of the native molecule was substituted by its D-enantiomer and by L
      norleucine, respectively. Both B-chain derivatives were synthesized by fragment
      condensation and purified as di-S-sulphonates by gel filtration followed by ion
      exchange chromatography on SP-Sephadex at pH3. Combination with native
      sulphhydryl A-chain yielded [DLeuB17]insulin and [NleB17]insulin. Both insulin
      analogues were isolated by gel filtration followed by ion exchange chromatography
      on CM-cellulose at pH 4.0. Biological activities of the analogues were determined
      relative to native pork insulin: 1) glucose oxidation in rat epididymal
      adipocytes was 6% for [DLeuB17]insulin and 16% for [NleB17]insulin, 2) receptor
      binding affinity tested with cultured human fibroblasts and with rat adipocytes
      was 3% for [DLeuB17]insulin and 26% for [NleB17]insulin, and 3) thymidine
      incorporation into DNA of human fibroblasts was 35% for [DLeuB17]insulin and 100%
      for [NleB17]insulin.

PMID- 6363270
TI  - American Hospital Association. Directory of officers, trustees, councils, and
      committees for 1984.

PMID- 6363271
TI  - Changes in the appearance of hematopoietic and lymphoid neoplasms: clinical,
      pathologic, and biologic implications.

PMID- 6363272
TI  - Proteoglycans and neoplastic--mesenchymal cell interactions.

PMID- 6363273
TI  - Delayed sequelae of pituitary irradiation.
AB  - Since 1958, 781 patients at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory have received helium
      particle stereotactic radiosurgery to the adenohypophysis. Autopsy findings in 15
      of these patients are reported. Ten patients received pituitary radiation
      (average dose, 116 Gy in six fractions) for progressive neovascularization
      retinopathy due to diabetes mellitus. Evidence of a time-dependent course of
      progressive fibrosis in their pituitary glands was found. Five patients were
      treated for eosinophilic adenomas. Although they had lower average doses of
      radiation (56 Gy in six fractions), their pituitary glands showed cystic
      cavitation of the adenomas. The adenomas thus appeared more radiosensitive than
      the normal pars anterior, which, in turn, was more radiosensitive than the
      adjacent neurohypophysis. No significant radiation changes were found in the
      surrounding brain or cranial nerves. The endocrine organs under pituitary control
      showed varying degrees of atrophy, and clinical tests revealed progressive
      hypofunction. It was concluded that charged-particle therapy produced a sharply
      delineated focal radiation lesion confined to the pituitary gland but did not
      cause injury to the critical structures of the surrounding central nervous
      system.

PMID- 6363274
TI  - The time factor in the selection of impression material.

PMID- 6363276
TI  - MHC-restricted T cell activation: analysis with T cell hybridomas.

PMID- 6363275
TI  - Antigen-specific, major histocompatibility complex-restricted T cell receptors.
AB  - In this paper we have summarized our work on the structure of the receptor for
      Ag/MHC on 3 T cell hybridomas. In each case, these receptors have been identified
      by their reaction with antibodies, thought to be directed against Ag/MHC
      receptors because of their clone-specificity, and their ability to interfere with
      Ag/MHC recognition by the relevant hybridoma. The antibodies precipitate
      approximately 85 kd molecular weight heterodimeric glycoproteins from these
      cells. These reduce to 2 chains of 40-43 kd, one of acidic and the other of basic
      pI. These bulk characteristics apply to receptors from Class II-restricted, as
      well as Class I-specific T cells. There is evidence of molecular weight
      heterogeneity for both alpha and beta-chains in the mouse, both having 40 and 43
      kd forms. Isoelectric focussing patterns suggest that both chains vary in amino
      acid sequence between clones. Peptide maps show that the receptor varies in amino
      acid sequence between clones, but that some peptides appear common, i.e., the
      receptor seems to have both variable and constant amino acid sequences. It is
      even possible that allotypic differences between the peptide maps of BALB/c and
      C57BL/6-derived receptors have been identified, though more data will be needed
      to confirm this. Finally we have recently shown that reaction with an anti
      idiotype predicts both the Ag and MHC specificity of the T cell hybridoma bearing
      it, suggesting that a single receptor, responsible for binding both Ag and MHC,
      is identified by the anti-idiotypic antibody. The similarities between these T
      cell-bourne molecules, and immunoglobulin are inescapable. Both are disulphide
      linked glycoproteins made up of 2 chains, both of which may vary in amino acid
      sequence. Secreted immunoglobulin is, of course, polyvalent, being composed of
      two or more of each type of chain, this contributes to the efficiency with which
      the molecule can bind polyvalent antigen or build precipitable lattices. Similar
      constraints do not apply to T cell-bound receptors, which do not seem to have a
      secreted form.

PMID- 6363277
TI  - Growth and morphology of neuronal cell lines cultured in perfusion.
AB  - To optimize culture conditions and gain a more reliable culturing system for
      studies of metabolic properties of neuronal cells, a simplified perfusion chamber
      was developed. It consists of two parts: a perfusion block and a standard plastic
      culture dish. To confirm the suitability of this chamber for continuous culturing
      of anchorage-dependent cells, the growth and morphology of the four neuronal cell
      lines, glioma C6 and glioma 138MG, neuroblastoma C1300, clones N1E115 and N18
      were followed for 4 d using both traditional and perfusion techniques. A marked
      increase in growth and a decrease in the degree of morphological differentiation
      were obtained with the latter technique compared to the former.

PMID- 6363278
TI  - Immunogenicity of the mutated H-2Kbm1 antigen(s). Test of thyroid graft rejection
      between B6.C-H-2bm1 and C57BL/6 mice following reciprocal immunization with
      normal versus malignant cells.
AB  - The immunogenic properties of one (or few) selected antigen(s) encoded by the
      mouse major histocompatibility complex was studied using the C57BL/6(B6) mouse
      strain and its descendant B6.C-H-2bm1(bm1) mutant. These strains differ in a
      point mutation in the H-2K region. We compared the immunogenic and antigenic
      expression of the mutated antigen on different bm1 tissues by testing the
      vulnerability of these tissues to graft rejection response in B6 recipients.
      Previous results demonstrated that B6 and bm1 mice do not reject reciprocal
      thyroid transplants, despite the acute rejection of reciprocal skin grafts.
      Thyroid grafts were rejected, however, after presensitizing the recipients with
      skin graft syngeneic with the thyroid, but not after sensitization with spleen
      cells. In the present work we induced tumors in bm1 mice by treating them with a
      chemical carcinogen (3-methylcholanthrene). We found that two out of four tumors
      demonstrated strict strain specificity and were rejected by all mouse strains
      (including the B6 recipients) except by their strain of origin. All tumors were
      found to be sensitive to in vitro lysis by B6 anti-bm1 effector cells. HZ1-A and
      HZ1-B tumor cells were rejected by B6 recipient mice but could not immunize B6
      mice against a subsequent bm1 thyroid graft. When testing the immunogenicity of
      B6 originated EL4 leukemia cells (which are fatal to B6 mice), we found that the
      tumor cells were rejected by bm1 recipients, but, unlike B6 skin grafts, were
      incapable of inducing the rejection of a subsequent B6 thyroid transplant. The
      results demonstrated that an H-2K molecule may exhibit different immunological
      properties when expressed on cells of different tissues. The different expression
      of the mutated antigen on different cell types, its ability to trigger T cells
      but not B cells responses and the potential involvement of the tissue specific
      differentiation molecules in the graft rejection response are discussed.

PMID- 6363280
TI  - Histochemical profile of steroid dehydrogenases in uropygial gland of euthyroidic
      & hypothyroidic pigeon.

PMID- 6363281
TI  - Plasma renin substrate concentration during chronic propranolol therapy.

PMID- 6363282
TI  - Effects of graded renal artery constriction on blood pressure, renal artery
      pressure, and plasma renin activity in Goldblatt hypertension.
AB  - One-kidney, one clip (1K1C) and two-kidney, one clip (2K1C) Goldblatt
      hypertension was produced in rats by placing 0.30, 0.25, or 0.20 mm silver clips
      on the left renal artery. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and plasma renin activity
      (PRA) were measured in conscious rats 24 to 28 days after clipping. The MAP in
      control rats (n = 38) was 116 +/- 1 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM). The 0.30, 0.25, and
      0.20 mm clips produced MAPs of 133 +/- 2, 161 +/- 5, and 189 +/- 5 mm Hg,
      respectively, in 1K1C rats, and 123 +/- 2, 129 +/- 3, and 172 +/- 5 mm Hg in 2K1C
      rats (n = 17-20). When 1K1C and 2K1C groups were compared, MAP was significantly
      greater in 1K1C rats at all clip sizes. No treatment group's PRA was different
      than control (4.8 +/- 0.4 ng AI/ml/hr), except for the 0.20 mm 2K1C rats (16.2 +/
      3.1 ng AI/ml/hr). Renal artery pressure (RAP) was measured in another series of
      experiments and was not different from control in all but the 0.20 mm 1K1C rats.
      With identical clip sizes, 2K1C rats showed smaller pressure gradients than 1K1C
      across the clips: 0.30 mm, 8.5 +/- 1.7 vs 10.7 +/- 1.9 mm Hg; 0.25 mm, 16.5 +/-
      1.2 vs 42.1 +/- 7.5 mm Hg; 0.20 mm, 51 +/- 5.3 vs 79.1 +/- 5.7 mm Hg (n = 8-12).
      Therefore, both the increase in MAP and the pressure gradient across the clip
      were greater in the 1K1C rats at every clip size.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6363283
TI  - [Analysis of diamond rotary instruments. Criteria for standardization].

PMID- 6363284
TI  - [Practical production in the laboratory of a duplicate final complete denture
      (porcelain teeth)].

PMID- 6363285
TI  - [The vertical mattress suture in periodontal flap surgery].

PMID- 6363279
TI  - The role of complement in the induction and regulation of immune responses.

PMID- 6363286
TI  - Purified Shigella enterotoxin does not alter intestinal motility.
AB  - A purified Shigella enterotoxin (pST) and a cell-free lysate with pST removed
      (CFL-pST) from the whole-cell lysate of Shigella dysenteriae 60 R were used to
      study their effect on the myoelectric activity and mucosal integrity of rabbit
      ileal segments. We have previously defined two myoelectric patterns: the
      migrating action potential complex and repetitive bursts of action potentials
      that occur in response to certain bacteria and their enterotoxins. The in vivo
      model consisted of isolated ileal segments in male New Zealand White rabbits. The
      segments were infused with sterile saline (1 ml/h), pST (2.4-micrograms
      injection), or CFL-pST (1 ml/h). Myoelectric activity in the segments exposed to
      pST was similar to that with the saline infusion, but CFL-pST induced significant
      alterations in myoelectric activity in the form of repetitive bursts of action
      potentials. The mucosa of the segments exposed to pST showed only mild
      inflammatory changes. In contrast, CFL-pST caused moderate to severe inflammatory
      changes with enterocyte necrosis. These studies show that pST, a known
      enterotoxin, did not alter myoelectric activity and had no significant effect on
      the integrity of ileal mucosa, as determined by light microscopy. CFL-pST caused
      both inflammation and tissue necrosis with significant alterations in motor
      activity. These studies suggest that S. dysenteriae 60 R produces a substance or
      substances other than pST that cause florid in vivo cytotoxicity and alter
      myoelectric activity.

PMID- 6363287
TI  - Sealed adult mice: new model for enterotoxin evaluation.
AB  - Outbred, inbred, and congenic strains of conventional mice which were ano
      rectally occluded with cyanoacrylate ester glue and converted to sealed adult
      mice (SAM) were given, per os, crude cholera enterotoxin (CT) in 10% NaHCO3. At 6
      h when the response was maximal, mice were killed, the small intestines were
      removed, and gut weight/body weight ratios were calculated. Experimental mice
      gave a linear response after receiving 1.5 to 60 micrograms of CT. Purified heat
      stable enterotoxin from Escherichia coli and purified heat-labile enterotoxins
      from E. coli, Vibrio cholerae, and Clostridium difficile all elicited vigorous
      fluid outpouring as did culture filtrates from Vibrio fluvialis with cytotoxic
      activity. Active and passive immunization with crude CT completely or partially
      neutralized fluid secretion due to CT. Monospecific anti-CT incubated with CT
      before feeding also eliminated the response. Mice pretreated with penicillin,
      held in barrier cages, converted to SAM, and fed live vibrios, showed fluid
      responses similar to those seen with low doses of CT. Each of six different
      strains of inbred mice fed a half-maximal fluid accumulation response dose of CT
      gave fluid accumulation ratios which varied fourfold. There was no correlation of
      fluid accumulation with body weight, gut length, age, or sex. All poor responders
      were of H-2k haplotype and all good responders were H-2b. BALB congenic mice
      which differed only in H-2 haplotypes showed the same correlations, and body
      weights and gut lengths of all haplotypes were not significantly different.

PMID- 6363288
TI  - Role of granulocytes and monocytes in experimental Escherichia coli endocarditis.
AB  - The role of granulocytes and monocytes during the induction and course of
      Escherichia coli endocarditis was investigated in rabbits by selectively
      depleting monocytes from the circulation with the drug VP16-213 and granulocytes
      and monocytes with nitrogen mustard. For induction, the number of E. coli needed
      to infect the vegetations in 50% of the rabbits was significantly lower in
      rabbits with combined granulocytopenia and monocytopenia than in those with
      selective monocytopenia or in control rabbits, whereas the number of E. coli
      needed to infect 50% of the rabbits did not differ between the latter two. During
      the course of the endocarditis in endocardial vegetations, the numbers of CFU per
      gram of vegetation were significantly higher in the rabbits with combined
      granulocytopenia and monocytopenia than in the monocytopenic and control rabbits
      but did not differ between the latter two. The numbers of granulocytes in the
      circulation and the numbers of CFU per gram of vegetation showed a significant
      negative correlation that was not measurably influenced by the duration of the
      disease but was dependent on the number of E. coli injected for the induction of
      endocarditis. Granulocytes were found to be most effective at the lowest numbers
      of bacteria injected. In the circulation, too, the numbers of CFU per milliliter
      were significantly higher in rabbits with combined granulocytopenia and
      monocytopenia than in those with selective monocytopenia and control rabbits, and
      there was a significant negative correlation between the numbers of granulocytes
      and CFU per milliliter of blood. From these findings we conclude that
      granulocytes play a protective role during the induction and course of E. coli
      endocarditis in rabbits, whereas no role is demonstrable for monocytes.

PMID- 6363289
TI  - Role of cellular lipoteichoic acids in mediating adherence of serotype III
      strains of group B streptococci to human embryonic, fetal, and adult epithelial
      cells.
AB  - Lipoteichoic acids (LTA) of serotype III strains of group B streptococci (GBS)
      were shown to mediate adherence of these organisms to human embryonic (HEC),
      fetal (HFC), and adult buccal (HBEC) epithelial cells. The binding of GBS was
      temperature dependent, and maximum attachment occurred at 37 degrees C. HEC, HFC,
      and HBEC preincubated with purified LTA significantly inhibited attachment of
      GBS, whereas the group B and type III antigens had no effect. Under phosphate
      limiting conditions in which cell-associated LTA could not be detected in these
      organisms, bacterial adherence did not take place. GBS (virulent) that were
      isolated from infected infants and previously shown to have significantly higher
      quantities of cell-associated LTA in comparison to GBS strains from
      asymptomatically colonized infants adhered with greater binding avidity to HEC
      and HFC and in greater numbers than to HBEC. It was determined that the mechanism
      of LTA-mediated adherence of GBS to HBEC differed from adherence to embryonic and
      fetal cells for both virulent and asymptomatic GBS strains bound to HBEC in a
      similar manner, enhanced by the lipid portion of the LTA. In contrast, the
      binding of GBS to HEC and HFC was mediated by hydrophobic as well as specific
      interactions due to the glycerolphosphate polymer of LTA. These results indicate
      that possible receptor sites for LTA present on cells in prenatal stages of
      development may differ from those of adult cells, which may result in increased
      susceptibility of newborn infants to group B streptococcal disease. The
      implications of LTA-mediated adherence of GBS and their possible role as
      virulence factors are discussed.

PMID- 6363290
TI  - Macrophage activation by cord factor (trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate): enhanced
      association with and intracellular killing of Trypanosoma cruzi.
AB  - Cord factor (trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate[TDM] ), a mixture of 6,6'-diesters of
      alpha, alpha-D-trehalose with natural mycolic acids, has been described as having
      immunoregulatory and antitumor activities in vivo, although the relevant
      mechanisms of action remain unelucidated. In this work, we measured the effects
      of TDM on both mouse macrophage association with (i.e., the combined result of
      surface binding and uptake) and subsequent intracellular killing of Trypanosoma
      cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas' disease. Pretreatment of macrophage
      cultures with TDM for 16 h markedly increased both the ability of these cells to
      associate with T. cruzi and the rate of killing of parasites. The results
      obtained with macrophages treated with TDM after exposure to the parasites did
      not differ from those obtained with untreated macrophages, indicating that
      macrophage activation did not occur immediately after TDM treatment and was time
      dependent. The TDM effect was reversible since the extents of macrophage-parasite
      association and intracellular killing returned to normal levels 4 h after TDM
      treatment. Neither catalase, which scavenges hydrogen peroxide, nor sodium azide
      or potassium cyanide, which are inhibitors of peroxidase activity, significantly
      reduced the level of trypanosome killing by TDM-treated macrophages. TDM also
      increased the uptake of glutaraldehyde-killed T. cruzi and latex particles,
      suggesting that TDM could act mostly by enhancing phagocytosis and that increased
      cell association with the living trypanosomes did not necessarily depend on the
      macrophages becoming more susceptible to parasite invasion. These results
      indicate that TDM modulates macrophage function by augmenting both
      internalization and intracellular destruction. Hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase
      activity, postulated to be involved in phagocytic killing of T. cruzi, did not
      appear to be an absolute requirement for the killing of T. cruzi in TDM-treated
      macrophages.

PMID- 6363291
TI  - Effect of iron on antibacterial immunity in vaccinated mice.
AB  - The effect of iron on resistance to Salmonella typhimurium was investigated in
      mice inoculated with vaccines prepared from live and avirulent (SL3770) or killed
      and virulent (SR11 or LT2) bacteria. It has been found that mice vaccinated with
      SL3770 vaccine develop an immunity which can be neutralized with iron. Iron
      promoted the development of lethal infections by serving as a growth-essential
      nutrilite for infecting bacteria and by neutralizing the acquired immunity. The
      titration of this dual effect of iron showed that more iron was needed to
      neutralize the immunity in vaccinated animals than to promote bacterial growth in
      normal animals. In the presence of a sufficient amount of exogenous iron, as few
      as 10 bacteria caused lethal infections in normal and immune mice with the same
      effectiveness. This iron-sensitive immunity could be changed to iron-resistant
      immunity by the immunological stimulation of SL3770-vaccinated mice with a
      sonicated vaccine prepared from heat-killed SR11 or LT2 bacteria. In distinction
      to iron-sensitive immunity, iron-resistant immunity could be transferred from
      SR11- or LT2-stimulated to normal mice with serum. Although effective in the
      transfer of antibacterial immunity, sera of SR11- or LT2-stimulated mice
      supported the growth of virulent bacteria as well as did sera of normal mice. The
      absorption of immune serum with either SR11 or LT2 bacteria removed its
      protective quality, but the sensitized bacteria remained as infectious as
      untreated bacteria for iron-treated normal mice. Only in SL3770-vaccinated mice
      were the immune serum-sensitized bacteria not able to cause the infection in
      spite of daily treatment with iron. These results suggest that iron-resistant
      immunity is due to the synergistic action of specific antibody and phagocytes of
      immunologically stimulated animals.

PMID- 6363292
TI  - Peptide utilization by oral streptococci.
AB  - Streptococcus mitis ATCC 903 and Streptococcus sanguis 804 could utilize large
      peptides present in proteose peptone as their sole source of nitrogen but grew
      poorly in amino acid medium. By contrast, Streptococcus mutans BHT and S. mutans
      IB grew in amino acid medium but could not utilize large peptides. Streptococcus
      sp. strain Bravato had requirements for both peptides and amino acids. Peptide
      size did not seem important for the utilization of peptides by S. mitis except
      that dipeptides were not utilized. Large peptides were essential for depressed
      hyaluronidase synthesis in nongrowing S. mitis. Intracellular aminopeptidase
      activities were high in S. mitis ATCC 903 and Streptococcus sp. strain Bravato,
      intermediate in S. sanguis 804, and low in S. mutans BHT and S. mutans IB.

PMID- 6363293
TI  - Localization on encapsulated Cryptococcus neoformans of serum components opsonic
      for phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that the cryptococcal capsule inhibits phagocytosis
      of Cryptococcus neoformans by macrophages and neutrophils. In this study, the
      binding sites of potential serum opsonins in immune and nonimmune sera were
      determined by immunoelectron microscopy, and the results were compared with the
      results of phagocytosis of the yeasts by mouse peritoneal macrophages and human
      neutrophils. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) from normal human serum showed low-density
      binding at the capsular surface and at sites throughout the capsule. Complement
      component C3 from normal serum bound heavily at the capsular surface. IgG from
      rabbit capsular antiserum showed relatively dense deposition at the capsular
      surface and at sites throughout the capsule. Cells opsonized with heat
      inactivated human serum were engulfed poorly by both macrophages and neutrophils,
      indicating that the low-density deposition of IgG produced by normal serum was
      not adequate for opsonization. Yeasts opsonized with normal human serum were
      engulfed in large numbers by neutrophils and to a lesser extent by macrophages,
      indicating that neutrophils in particular were able to effectively utilize the
      opsonically active C3 which normal human serum deposited at the capsular surface.
      Yeasts opsonized with rabbit anticapsular serum were engulfed by both macrophages
      and neutrophils, indicating that the high density of surface IgG produced by
      capsular antiserum is an effective opsonin for both cells. These results suggest
      that the complement-neutrophil system is a possible defense mechanism in the
      nonimmune host.

PMID- 6363294
TI  - Isolation of protective antigens from Trypanosoma lewisi by using trypanostatic
      (ablastic) immunoglobulin G from the surface coat.
AB  - Antigens were purified from extracts of Trypanosoma lewisi on immunoadsorbent
      columns of trypanostatic immunoglobulin G eluted from parasite surface coats at 8
      days postinfection. Eight absorbed proteins, with molecular weights between
      15,000 and 70,000, were identified. These surface coat antigens (SCAgs) were then
      used to immunize rats. After immunization, sera were assayed in vitro for levels
      of circulating trypanostatic and trypanocidal antibodies. Approximately half of
      the immune sera had higher levels of trypanostatic antibody, compared with
      control sera; no trypanocidal antibodies (agglutinins) were detected in any of
      the sera. The rats were then challenged intraperitonally, and the parasitemias
      and division rates of the parasites were monitored. Parasitemias of all immunized
      rats were significantly (P less than 0.01) lower and of shorter duration than
      those of the controls. Division rates of trypanosomes were also significantly (P
      less than 0.01) lower in all immunized rats at all times before total cessation
      of division compared with control rats. A clear dose-response effect was
      observed, with greater amounts of SCAg eliciting higher levels of protection.
      Purified SCAgs were also more effective immunogens than were the crude
      trypanosome extracts from which they had been purified, and in which other
      proteins in addition to the SCAgs were present. These data provide conclusive
      evidence that the immunoglobulin G in the surface coats of T. lewisi, adsorbed
      during the course of infection, is specific antibody, in that it can be used to
      isolate parasite antigens that elicit a trypanostatic response in rats immunized
      with them.

PMID- 6363295
TI  - Identification of cross-reactive promastigote cell surface antigens of some
      leishmanial stocks by 125I labeling and immunoprecipitation.
AB  - Externally oriented surface membrane constituents of promastigotes from several
      Leishmania species were radiolabeled with 125I. Autoradiographs of cell surface
      labeled and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-separated
      proteins of the stocks revealed distinctive patterns of bands in the molecular
      weight range of 6,000 to 240,000. Immunoprecipitation of detergent extracts of
      the labeled promastigote stocks with anti-Leishmania donovani membrane serum
      demonstrated that each of the stocks contained some antigenically cross-reactive
      determinants. The electrophoretic patterns of these determinants serve both to
      distinguish the parasite stocks (by unique, species-specific patterns) and to
      indicate antigenic similarities in stocks thought to be different by other
      biochemical criteria. At least 12 cross-reactive cell surface antigens in two New
      World leishmanias are recognized by polyvalent anti-L. donovani serum, suggesting
      that these common leishmanial antigens may account for the documented serological
      cross-reactivities among various Leishmania species. In all stocks tested, an
      iodinated protein was identified which had a relative molecular weight of 65,000
      under reducing conditions but which demonstrated an increase in relative mobility
      in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels under nonreducing conditions.
      Distinctive patterns of the antigens common to the several stocks were also
      demonstrated with the use of monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 6363296
TI  - Killing of human malaria parasites by macrophage secretory products.
AB  - The susceptibility of the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, to
      killing in vitro by macrophage secretory products was investigated. The effect of
      O2 radicals and tumor necrosis factor on parasite viability was assessed both
      morphologically and by following the uptake of [3H]hypoxanthine. H2O2 produced by
      the interaction of glucose and glucose oxidase was found to reduce viability;
      this effect was reversed by the addition of exogenous catalase. Further studies
      indicated that the catalase level within the erythrocyte was not altered upon
      parasite invasion. O2 radicals produced during the xanthine-xanthine oxidase
      interaction also killed P. falciparum. The addition of various O2 radical
      scavengers (including catalase) did not reverse this effect; therefore, it was
      not possible to determine which of the O2 radicals were involved in the killing
      process. Samples from three different sources containing tumor necrosis factor, a
      nonspecific soluble mediator derived from Mycobacterium bovis BCG-activated
      macrophages treated with endotoxin, also killed the parasite. There was no
      evidence that tumor necrosis factor or the products of the xanthine-xanthine
      oxidase interaction caused damage to the erythrocyte membrane that could be
      implicated as an important aspect of the killing process. These findings all
      strongly suggest that such macrophage products play an important role in immunity
      to malaria.

PMID- 6363297
TI  - Teichoic acids of Streptococcus agalactiae: chemistry, cytotoxicity, and effect
      on bacterial adherence to human cells in tissue culture.
AB  - The ratio of teichoic acid to lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in a strain of
      Streptococcus agalactiae type III was found to be 8:1, with the total amount of
      LTA being 0.1% of the dry weight of the organism. Purified teichoic acid
      contained D-alanine and possibly a small amount of D-glucose and was
      approximately 22 glycerol phosphate units in length. The linkage between each of
      these units was 1-3. In addition, LTA contained a complex lipid, more glucose,
      and an unusually high content of a short-chain fatty acid, tridecanoic acid. This
      LTA was cytotoxic for a variety of human cell monolayers in tissue culture,
      including one derived from the human central nervous system. Established human
      cells were more sensitive than primary cell monolayers to this LTA, with as
      little as 12.5 micrograms of LTA per ml being cytotoxic for HeLa cells. Teichoic
      acid (250 micrograms/ml) was nontoxic under identical conditions. These
      cytotoxicity results suggest an LTA involvement in group B streptococcal
      pathogenesis. Also, the first model system for the study of group B streptococcal
      adherence to primary human embryonic amnion cells in tissue culture is detailed.
      This system was used to quantitate pronounced differences in tissue tropism
      between S. agalactiae and Streptococcus pyogenes and showed enhanced binding by
      this group A coccus over that of S. agalactiae for amnion cell monolayers. The
      adherence of both streptococcal species to only a portion (40%) of these amnion
      cells suggested that host cell receptor expression may vary for primary cells in
      vitro. Finally, this strain of S. agalactiae was shown to adhere to amnion cells
      by a non-LTA-mediated mechanism. The possibility of an LTA-mediated versus a
      protein-mediated adherence mechanism for host cells that is related to the
      virulence of S. agalactiae is discussed.

PMID- 6363298
TI  - Effect of the estrous cycle on uterine infection induced by Escherichia coli.
AB  - Escherichia coli was inoculated into the uterine lumen of rats and rabbits at
      different estrous stages; one uterine horn of each animal was ligated at the
      cervical end. In rats, a large number of E. coli were retained in the ligated
      horns regardless of the estrous stage. E. coli inoculated at diestrus or
      pseudopregnancy induced purulent endometritis, but when inoculated at proestrus
      estrus the organism caused asymptomatic infection. In nonligated horns, few E.
      coli were recovered, and marked histopathological changes were not observed.
      Large numbers of E. coli were retained in the nonligated horn at proestrus as a
      result of physiological constriction of the cervix. E. coli inoculated at
      proestrus never caused purulent endometritis in either the ligated horn or the
      nonligated horn. In rabbits, E. coli infused into ligated horns brought about
      purulent inflammation irrespective of ovarian states. The number of recoverable
      E. coli was reduced rapidly at the follicular phase as compared with the luteal
      phase. These results suggest that the stage of the estrous cycle when animals are
      inoculated with E. coli influences the course of the uterine infection.

PMID- 6363300
TI  - Protection from respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton rats by passive
      transfer of monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - The effects of passive administration of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAB)
      to respiratory syncytial virus glycoproteins (GP90 and VP70) was evaluated in
      cotton rats challenged with respiratory syncytial virus. Animals injected with
      MAB to VP70 had lower mean viral titers in lung tissues than did controls (log10
      2.5 versus 5.4 PFU/g; P less than 0.001), as did cotton rats given MAB to GP90
      (log10 2.1 versus 5.0 PFU/g; P less than 0.001). Fifty percent of animals given
      either MAB had no detectable virus in lung tissues, whereas virus was detected in
      the lungs of all controls. Virus growth in nasal turbinates was decreased but not
      eliminated in recipients of either MAB.

PMID- 6363299
TI  - Identification and molecular weight characterization of antigens from Candida
      albicans that are recognized by human sera.
AB  - Antigenic components in the cytoplasmic extract of Candida albicans were examined
      after fractionation by concanavalin A-Sepharose and DEAE-Sephacel ion-exchange
      chromatography. Fractions from the DEAE column were tested by fused rocket
      immunoelectrophoresis for their reactivity with antibodies in the sera of 20
      patients with disseminated candidiasis. Three groups of fractions (regions A, B,
      and C) from the DEAE column were defined by their reactivity with these sera.
      Immunoblot analysis with 20 human sera identified 18 antigenic components in
      regions A, B, and C. Region A contained nine antigens, region B contained four
      antigens, and region C contained five antigens. Region A contained an antigen
      with an apparent molecular weight of 48,000 that was recognized by 7 of 10 sera
      from patients with disseminated candidiasis. Immunoprecipitation experiments with
      labeled proteins from region A and 51 human sera also demonstrated the presence
      of a major antigen whose apparent molecular weight is 48,000 to 52,000. The 48-
      to 52-kilodalton protein is an abundant protein in region A and is the most
      frequently recognized protein by antibodies in the sera of patients with
      disseminated candidiasis. Patients with disseminated candidiasis had
      significantly higher levels of antibody (immunoglobulin G) (P less than 0.001)
      directed against the 48- to 52-kilodalton protein than did patients with
      noninvasive forms of candidiasis, patients with other fungal infections, or
      normal, healthy persons.

PMID- 6363301
TI  - Lack of homology between the iron transport regions of two virulence-linked
      bacterial plasmids.
AB  - Two plasmids involved in bacterial virulence, the Escherichia coli plasmid pColV
      K30 and the Vibrio anguillarum plasmid pJM1, have been studied with respect to
      the iron sequestering systems mediated by these two plasmids. Bioassay results
      show that the two systems are not related functionally because specific iron
      uptake-deficient mutants in each system cannot be cross-fed by the heterologous
      bacteria using culture supernatants from iron-proficient strains containing wild
      type plasmids. DNA hybridization studies show an extensive lack of homology
      between regions involved in iron sequestration in both plasmids.

PMID- 6363302
TI  - Anti-heart antibodies in cardiac allograft recipients.
AB  - Serum antibodies reactive with rat cardiac and skeletal muscle were found by
      indirect immunofluorescence in 11 of 16 heart transplant patients receiving
      heterologous antithymocyte globulin and 1 of 5 patients receiving cyclosporin A.
      These antibodies appeared de novo following transplantation and were present for
      variable lengths of time. Antibodies reactive with rat liver, stomach and kidney
      were also found in several patients, 9 out of 16 patients receiving equine
      globulin had antibodies directed against components of the microvasculature,
      including endothelial, smooth muscle and vessel wall connective tissue. Analysis
      of antibody kinetics and acute cardiac rejection did not reveal any well-defined
      associations, though anti-heart antibodies were present in 4 of 6 patients who
      died from acute rejection.

PMID- 6363303
TI  - Cholera toxin-binding T cells in the human peripheral blood at different ages.
AB  - The capacity of human T cells to bind cholera toxin was shown to decrease with
      age. In aged humans, the number of cells capable of binding high concentrations
      of cholera toxin was lower than that in young humans. The method presented in
      this paper may be useful as one of the indicators of aging of the immune system.

PMID- 6363304
TI  - Species-restriction of rat lymphoid cell migration inhibitory factor.
AB  - Migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was produced by lymphoid cells of Lewis rats in
      response to infection with Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG), mixed lymphocyte
      reaction or concanavalin A stimulation. It was found that rat lymphokine
      containing supernatants demonstrate a definite species specificity, in that MIF
      activity is observed only when rat indicator cells and not when guinea-pig
      indicator cells are used. A comparative study of MIF activities, using rat
      peritoneal exudate cells, revealed that all three methods stimulated MIF
      production by either spleen or lymph node cells. Only infection with BCG induced
      peripheral blood leukocytes to elaborate MIF. In all cases, rat MIF inhibited rat
      peritoneal exudate cells but not guinea-pig peritoneal exudate cells. Possible
      explanations for the species specificity of rat MIF including a role for receptor
      carbohydrate moieties and fibronectin are discussed.

PMID- 6363305
TI  - Counter inhibitor: a low molecular weight cytokine derived from human leukocyte
      dialysates reverses antigen dependent PMN and macrophage migration inhibition.
AB  - A low molecular weight component, termed counter inhibitor (CI), has been
      partially purified from human dialyzable leukocyte extracts. Addition of CI to
      either a direct leukocyte or macrophage migration inhibition system results in
      reversal of antigen-induced migration inhibition. CI activity requires the
      presence of antigen for expression, but does not require that the donor of the CI
      be immune to the antigen used in the migration inhibition assay. Reversal of
      migration inhibition by CI appears to be a consequence of its ability to prevent
      PMNs or macrophages from responding to lymphokines which induce migration
      inhibition.

PMID- 6363306
TI  - Antigenic variability of different strains of Aspergillus fumigatus.
AB  - 10 strains (isolates) of Aspergillus fumigatus, grown and harvested under
      identical conditions, were compared with respect to biochemical and immunological
      properties. The total protein and carbohydrate content isoelectric focusing
      pattern were determined for each of the individual strains. Their antigenic and
      allergenic activity was examined by a combination of crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis (CIE)/crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) and RAST
      inhibition. Biochemical and immunochemical data indicated that considerable
      variation exists between the various isolates of A. fumigatus. 44 antigens were
      demonstrated in CIE of A. fumigatus, and 18 different allergens were identified
      in CRIE (2 major, 10 intermediate and 6 minor allergens).

PMID- 6363307
TI  - 25 year activities of the International Society of Biometerology and 25 year
      publication index.

PMID- 6363308
TI  - Role of NK cells in the antimetastatic effect of anticoagulant drugs.
AB  - The antimetastatic effects of heparin (40 units) and prostacyclin (PGI2, 100
      microgram)1 were investigated in normal mice and in mice with depressed or
      activated natural killer (NK) cell activity. Both anticoagulants inhibited the
      formation of lung metastases after inoculation of the FI or F10 sublines of B16
      melanoma. Inhibition of NK activity by treatment of mice with anti-asialo GM1
      serum abrogated the antimetastatic effects of PGI2 or heparin. Conversely,
      augmentation of NK-cell activity by poly I:C plus treatment with anticoagulants
      produced synergistic antimetastatic effects. A similar pattern of results was
      obtained with heparin treatment of mice challenged with the Madison lung
      carcinoma (M109), but PGI2 alone or in combination with theophylline had little
      or no detectable antimetastatic effect on M109 or on the parental B16 melanoma.
      Studies of the mechanism of the interaction between heparin nd NK cells revealed
      that the anticoagulant treatment did not affect splenic NK activity in vitro.
      However, heparin treatment caused a significant increase in the clearance of
      radiolabelled tumor cells from the lungs of normal mice. Combined treatment of
      mice with poly I:C and heparin synergistically accelerated the elimination of
      radiolabelled tumor cells. In contrast, heparin did not affect the clearance of
      tumor cells from the lungs of mice with depressed NK activity. Thus the
      antimetastatic effects of heparin and PGI2 are dependent on levels of NK activity
      in the host. Platelet aggregation and fibrin coating of the surface of tumor
      cells may be among the mechanisms by which hematogenously spread tumor cells are
      protected from destruction by NK cells. Anticoagulant drugs may exert
      antimetastatic effects by making tumor cells more vulnerable to the cytotoxic
      effects of NK cells, rather than by blocking adherence of tumor cells to vascular
      endothelium.

PMID- 6363309
TI  - Oscillating concepts in arrhythmia research; a personal account.

PMID- 6363310
TI  - Cadmium-induced immunotoxicity.
AB  - This study assessed the effects of cadmium on functional lymphopoietic precursor
      cells and cell size in both spleen and bone marrow. Splenic plaque-forming cell
      (S-PFC) precursors were stimulated by a thymus independent immunogen (TNP-LPS)
      and by a thymus dependent immunogen (TNP-BSA plus dextran sulfate). Bone marrow
      plaque-forming cell (M-PFC) precursors were stimulated by TNP-LPS plus dextran
      sulfate. Male C57Bl/6J mice received either a single ip injection of 5.9 mg/kg
      CdCl2, and were sacrificed 3 days later (ip group), or 5 daily sc injections of
      3.26 mg/kg CdCl2, and were sacrificed either 2 days later (7 day sc group) or 7
      days later (12 day sc group). The ip group showed an increase in spleen
      cellularity which resulted in an enhanced S-PFC (TNP-LPS) response per spleen and
      compensated for a depressed S-PFC (TNP-BSA) response per 10(6) cells cultured.
      Bone marrow cellularity was not significantly decreased but the M-PFC response
      was drastically depressed. Similar results were obtained in the 7 day sc group.
      However, a significant increase in spleen cellularity was not seen, resulting in
      a noncompensated decrease in S-PFC (TNP-BSA) response. The S-PFC (TNP-LPS)
      response per 10(6) cells cultured was increased in this group. Responses were
      similar to controls in the 12 day sc group, but bone marrow cellularity was
      decreased. The ip and 7 day sc groups showed substantial cadmium-induced shifts
      in bone marrow cell size distribution profile to larger diameters. Changes in
      spleen cell size distribution were not as significant. Partial recovery was
      evident in the 12 day sc group. This study demonstrated that in vivo exposure to
      cadmium has a greater effect on the in vitro function of immature B-cells in the
      bone marrow than on more mature B-cells found in the spleen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6363311
TI  - Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-mediated stimulation and suppression of DNA
      synthesis in lymphoid cells. II. Suppressive effect of ATP on murine T-cell
      functions.
AB  - The suppressive effects of ATP on murine T-cell functions were studied. The
      suppressive effects of ATP as well as adenosine on the DNA synthesis of spleen
      cells are due to the presence of mature T-cells, because ATP has no suppressive
      effect on athymic nu/nu spleen cells. Further characterization of the cells which
      are responsible for ATP-mediated suppression of DNA synthesis revealed that the
      cells are nylon wool-adherent T-cells and PHA-reactive T-cells. In addition, the
      suppressive effects of ATP on both spontaneous and mitogen-induced proliferative
      responses are stronger than that of adenosine, and T-cells are more sensitive to
      ATP than B-cells. The observation that both ATP and adenosine have unique effects
      on T-cells compared to B-cells may contribute toward explaining why patients with
      severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) associated with adenosine deaminase (ADA)
      deficiency have greater T-cell than B-cell abnormalities.

PMID- 6363312
TI  - The normal and pathologic nail.

PMID- 6363313
TI  - Colchicine in dermatologic therapy.

PMID- 6363314
TI  - Asymptomatic neurosyphilis.
AB  - Lumbar puncture was performed in 18 patients with latent syphilis to rule out
      asymptomatic neurosyphilis. In seven patients the CSF findings were abnormal. The
      parameters used in CSF were cell count, total protein, immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA,
      IgM), IgG index, and serologic tests for syphilis (VDRL, Kolmer, RPCF and FTA
      ABS, including monospecific IgG and IgM conjugates). In three patients, the CSF
      findings 7-10 months after treatment are also given. Penicillin levels in serum
      and CSF were determined in two patients after aqueous procaine penicillin G im
      with and without oral probenecid. The effect of blood contamination on the
      differentiation between normal and abnormal CSF may not be significant.

PMID- 6363315
TI  - The history of Norwegian dermato-venereology during the last two centuries.

PMID- 6363316
TI  - Plasma exchanges in frequently recurrent hemolytic-uremic syndrome in a child.
AB  - 22 plasma exchanges (PE) were carried out on a 9 year old boy with frequently
      recurrent hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) and persistently low plasma factor
      which normally stimulates vascular prostacyclin (PGI2) release. The factor was
      partially restored after PE but declined within 2-4 weeks. No major recurrence of
      HUS occurred, but "minor" attacks recurred despite PE. It is likely that a
      genetic predisposition is responsible for the recurrences of HUS, but the
      ultimate relationship between recurrent HUS and persistent plasma deficiency for
      PGI2-release remains to be defined.

PMID- 6363317
TI  - A case of membranous proliferative glomerulonephritis type III (Burkholder) with
      the deposition of both HBeAg and HBsAg.
AB  - A case of HB virus associated MPGN type III was described for the first time in a
      10 year old Japanese girl. She was followed for a period of 7 years with serial
      serological work-up and renal biopsy. When she was found seropositive for HBe
      antigen was stained predominantly in capillary walls, but HBs antigen was also
      detected in capillary walls and mesangium. The results suggest that both HBe- and
      HBs antigen antibody immune complexes may play a significant role in the
      development of HB virus associated nephropathy; HBe antigen for MGN and HBe- and
      HBs antigens for MPGN type III. Although HB virus associated nephropathy is
      believed to be a rather benign disorder, the present case warrants a close follow
      up because of chronicity of massive proteinuria and renal pathology.

PMID- 6363318
TI  - Growth in cadmium-containing medium induces resistance to heat in E. coli.
AB  - We have shown that 10 microM Cd2+ in the growth medium can induce resistance to
      subsequent heat treatment in E. coli B/r. Resistance was shown by cells during an
      extended lag phase and, especially, during log phase. The results contrast with
      the effect of Cd2+ exposure on radiation lethality, for which sensitization was
      previously reported in cells from lag and stationary phase cultures.

PMID- 6363319
TI  - Acute post-irradiation canine intestinal blood flow.
AB  - Radiation-induced early transient incapacitation (ETI) is accompanied by severe
      systemic hypotension, during which arterial blood pressure often decreases to
      less than 50 per cent of normal. One haemodynamic compensatory mechanism is
      increased peripheral resistance due to vasoconstriction. This vasoconstriction in
      the small intestine of dogs is disproportionately increased during haemorrhagic
      or endotoxic shock, and intestinal ischaemia is frequent. In an attempt to
      elucidate mechanisms underlying radiation-induced ETI and the gastrointestinal
      radiation syndrome, canine intestinal submucosal blood flow was measured by the
      hydrogen polarographic technique, both before and after exposure to gamma
      radiation. Systemic blood pressures, blood gases and haematocrits were determined
      simultaneously. Data obtained from 12 sham-irradiated dogs and 12 irradiated dogs
      indicated that 90 Gy, whole-body, gamma radiation produced a 31 per cent decrease
      in systemic mean blood pressure beginning within 20 min post-irradiation and
      lasting for at least 90 min. However, the intestinal submucosal blood flow did
      not decrease as anticipated, but it exhibited an actual post-irradiation
      increase. This increase in post-irradiation intestinal submucosal blood flow
      began within 5 min after irradiation and lasted for at least 90 min. Post
      irradiation haematocrits were 10.5 per cent higher than those obtained before
      irradiation and those obtained from sham-irradiated subjects. Histopathological
      examination of ileal mucosa revealed significant pathologic lesions in some
      irradiated animals within two hours after exposure.

PMID- 6363320
TI  - Pneumococcal polysaccharide capsular antigens in chronic secretory otitis media.
AB  - In a series of 163 ears with chronic, mucoid effusion, free or immune complex
      bound pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide antigens were demonstrated with
      Omniserum and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) in 37 ears (23%). In crushed
      adenoid tissue this figure was 39% (42/107). Using type- or group-specific sera
      pneumococcus type 6 was found to be most frequent (56%) followed by type 19
      (17%). A similar trend was also seen in adenoid suspensions. The results suggest
      that development of secretory otitis media is much more linked with the
      pneumococcal serotypes than has been thought hitherto, and that type 6 occurs
      significantly more often bound in immune complexes than any other subtype.

PMID- 6363321
TI  - Anaesthesia and tympanometry.
AB  - Nitrous oxide and intermittent positive pressure respiration prior to intubation
      raised the middle ear pressure in children with normal ears. In children with
      secretory otitis media, nitrous oxide was responsible for aeration alone and this
      was seen only in children with some gas present prior to surgery. Wide range
      tympanometry accurately predicted the findings at myringotomy.

PMID- 6363322
TI  - Immediate unilateral tonsillectomy for severe peritonsillar infections in
      children.
AB  - Twenty-four children with severe peritonsillar infections, subjected to
      unilateral tonsillectomies were studied with regards to the incidence of late
      infections in the remaining tonsil. Unilateral immediate tonsillectomy is an
      effective and sufficient treatment for unilateral peritonsillar abscesses in
      children or adolescents. The removal of the opposite uninvolved tonsil is not
      justified for it increases the risk of surgical morbidity, deprives the
      individual of an immunocompetent organ and does not result in demonstrable
      clinical benefit.

PMID- 6363323
TI  - Properties of liposomes containing 212Pb.
AB  - The reverse phase evaporation method was used to prepare lipid bilayer membrane
      vesicles containing 212Pb and other markers of high specific activity. Electron
      microscopy and microfiltration were used to measure the sizes of the liposomes.
      Isotopes were released from the liposomes during exposure to serum and this
      leakage was prevented by complexing of small molecules with proteins or by
      precipitating particulate complexes within the liposomes. The in vivo
      distribution of 212Pb liposomes differed from the distribution of free 212Pb in
      that the reticuloendothelial system cleared the liposomes. Liposomes with surface
      dinitrophenol hapten were highly immunogenic and the humoral response to
      dinitrophenol was nonspecifically suppressed by 212Pb liposomes.

PMID- 6363324
TI  - The interaction of gallium with biological systems.

PMID- 6363325
TI  - Unusual technical procedures in reconstructive urological surgery.
AB  - Three successful technical procedures for the correction of complex defects of
      the urinary excretory pathway and the renal vessels are described. The authors
      emphasize their original technique which allowed kidney preservation and yielded
      good long-term results. They suggest that this conservative approach be used in
      more patients to avoid unnecessary nephrectomies.

PMID- 6363326
TI  - Microvascular surgery in experimental and clinical kidney transplantation.
AB  - An improved microsurgical technique for orthotopic rat kidney transplantation is
      described in detail. (1) End-to-end anastomosis of renal arteries with 7-8
      interrupted 10-0 sutures. (2) End-to-end anastomosis of renal veins with 2
      continuous semicircular 10-0 sutures. (3) Non-splinted end-to-end ureteric
      anastomosis with 4 interrupted full-thickness 11-0 sutures. (4) Simultaneous
      bilateral nephrectomy. Seventy transplantations were analysed. No failure due to
      complications of the vascular anastomoses occurred. The ureteric anastomoses were
      complicated by stenosis in only 5 animals (7%). The operation times for vascular
      anastomoses were 20 (15-24) minutes and for complete transplantation 50 (45-60)
      minutes. This technique seems to be less time consuming than other methods. Our
      method has produced a success rate of 93% with well standardized and reproducible
      organ quality. Preliminary clinical experiences with extracorporeal microvascular
      reconstruction in 4 cases of injured small polar kidney allograft arteries
      support the continued application in appropriate situations to increase the
      number of suitable donor kidneys.

PMID- 6363327
TI  - De novo membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis in a renal allograft.
AB  - De novo glomerulonephritis (GN) in the graft is an uncommon complication of renal
      transplantation. We report a case of de novo membrano-proliferative GN which
      occurred in a second cadaver allograft in a 42-year-old woman, who developed
      severe hypertension, nephrotic syndrome, and progressive renal failure. Our
      material and a review of the literature suggest an incidence of de novo GN of
      about 0.5-2%. In contrast to most of the cases described by other authors, the
      membrano-proliferative type of de novo GN in renal allografts seems to be very
      rare.

PMID- 6363328
TI  - The confined function model of the Golgi complex: center for ordered processing
      of biosynthetic products of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 6363330
TI  - [Pharmacology as the basis of a rational drug therapy. Comments on the current
      status of medical education in pharmacology and drug therapy according to the
      licensing decree].

PMID- 6363329
TI  - Regulation of DNA synthesis in cultured rat hepatoma cells.

PMID- 6363331
TI  - [What is certain about therapy of heart failure].

PMID- 6363332
TI  - [What is certain in the therapy of hepatocellular diseases with cyanidanol?].

PMID- 6363333
TI  - [What is certain in the therapy of drug-induced liver diseases?].

PMID- 6363334
TI  - [Drugs in the therapy of diseases of the small intestine].

PMID- 6363335
TI  - [What is certain in the therapy of primary liver tumors and liver metastasis?].

PMID- 6363336
TI  - [What is certain in the therapy of glomerulonephritis?].

PMID- 6363337
TI  - [Unusual complications in Wilson's disease].

PMID- 6363338
TI  - Lower limb abnormality and spinal dysraphism.

PMID- 6363339
TI  - The current status of colon cancer immunology.

PMID- 6363340
TI  - Adverse drug reactions.

PMID- 6363341
TI  - Biographical sketches No. 32--Greatrakes.

PMID- 6363342
TI  - Plasma drug levels as an aid to medical treatment.

PMID- 6363343
TI  - Biographical sketches No. 36--Sims.

PMID- 6363344
TI  - Rapid viral diagnosis: a review.

PMID- 6363345
TI  - Perinatal group B streptococcal infections in Israel.
AB  - Among 12,500 babies born in our hospital from 1977 to 1982, there was one case of
      neonatal sepsis due to Group B beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (GBS), an incidence
      which is significantly lower than that reported in Western countries (3 to 6 per
      1,000 live births). Among 385 pregnant women from Jerusalem and Haifa, the
      vaginal colonization rate with GBS was 2.8%, in contrast with 4.6 to 36% reported
      in Western countries. Umbilical and ear cultures were obtained from the infants
      of the 85 mothers who were examined in Haifa. These cultures were repeated at 3
      to 5 days of age in 60 of the 85 babies. From the above data, mother-to-infant
      transmission rates and neonatal nosocomial infection rates with GBS were found to
      be 66 and 6.6%, respectively, which correlates well with 60 to 75% and 12 to 27%
      reported in the literature. The low incidence of GBS neonatal sepsis in our
      survey may be related to the low maternal colonization rate with GBS. The low
      maternal colonization rate could be related to still unidentified epidemiological
      and environmental factors.

PMID- 6363346
TI  - Epidemiology of group B streptococci in an Israeli hospital.
AB  - A technique for the rapid identification and quantification of Group B
      streptococci (GBS) utilizing timed coagglutination and selective broth media was
      designed. A prospective study of 283 mothers and 121 newborns based on this
      methodology revealed a GBS colonization rate of 5.3 and 4.1%, respectively. A
      retrospective study of 19,875 births revealed a GBS attack rate of 0.2 per 1,000
      live births. Both the low colonization and the low attack rates confirm previous
      anecdotal reports of a low incidence of GBS colonization and disease in Israel.
      The technique described herein can aid in identifying those infants at risk for
      invasive disease.

PMID- 6363347
TI  - Epidemiology of group B streptococcal colonization in pregnancy.
AB  - These data support the conclusions that: 1) An intrapartum screening program for
      GBS colonization favorably affects the outcome of GBSD, with mortality decreased
      to 10%. 2) Four risk factors--ABO blood group B, unregistered status, PROM and
      premature labor at less than 32 weeks--identify 83% of mothers whose infants
      develop GBSD. 3) There is no association between internal monitoring and mode of
      delivery and the vertical transmission of GBS. 4) Duration of membrane rupture
      does not affect vertical transmission or development of early-onset disease. This
      differs from previous findings. 5) Lastly, our findings regarding the natural
      history of asymptomatic infant carriers suggest that these infants play a
      previously unsuspected role in the epidemiology of GBS in the entire population.

PMID- 6363348
TI  - Surveillance of congenital rubella and the immunity status to rubella in the
      Jerusalem area.
AB  - A retrospective study on the incidence of congenital rubella (CR) in the past 10
      years in the Jerusalem area was conducted. After the 1972 epidemic, which
      resulted in 48 cases of congenital rubella, few sporadic cases of CR appeared
      each year, and in the 1978-79 period the number of CR cases was relatively small.
      Immunity to rubella in different categories of population (children 3 months to
      18 years, college students, nurses in pediatric, newborn and intensive care
      units, student nurses, and women of childbearing age) was determined by hemolysis
      in gel (HIG) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) methods. Susceptibility was
      defined as an absence of antibody at a dilution of 1:16 in HI, and hemolysis of
      less than 7 mm in the HIG test. Compared with previous studies on the incidence
      of antibodies to rubella in women of childbearing age, a mild decrease in the
      percentage of sero-negative women was found.

PMID- 6363349
TI  - Susceptibility to rubella and borderline immunity.
AB  - Immunity to rubella in women of childbearing age has been determined by
      hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and/or hemolysis in gel (HIG) methods.
      Susceptibility was defined as absence of antibody at a dilution of 1:16 in HI and
      a hemolysis zone of less than 7 mm in HIG tests. In screening 30,330 women during
      the years 1980-81, 13.7% were found seronegative. Among 439 women immunized with
      RA-27/3 vaccine, 92% showed seroconversion, when tested by HI greater than or
      equal to 2 months following vaccination. Paired sera from 35 vaccines who
      remained seronegative were tested by two additional methods: sensitizing antibody
      (SA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Ten women were confirmed as
      vaccine failures by these two methods. The remaining women presented the
      following results: 19 had borderline and stable titers in their paired sera and 6
      showed seroconversion, by SA and ELISA. These results indicate that both SA and
      ELISA are more sensitive than the HI and HIG tests for evaluation of rubella
      immunity and response to vaccination.

PMID- 6363350
TI  - Neonatal septic arthritis.
AB  - To assess and correlate the microbiology of neonatal septic arthritis with the
      clinical presentation, we reviewed the records of nine infants with neonatal
      septic arthritis (NSA) diagnosed at Edmonton hospitals between 1964 and 1981, and
      evaluated 92 other cases reported in the English literature since 1960. Our
      analysis revealed that the microbiology of NSA seemed to be dependent on whether
      it was hospital or community acquired. In the hospital-acquired cases,
      staphylococci were the predominant isolates (62%), followed by Candida species
      (17%) and gram-negative enteric bacilli (15%). Community-acquired arthritis was
      caused most often by streptococci (52%), followed by staphylococci (26%) and
      gonococci (17%). Since 1970, the relative infrequency of staphylococcal (5%) in
      favor of streptococcal (75%) isolates in community-acquired NSA is even more
      pronounced.

PMID- 6363351
TI  - A small outbreak of Serratia marcescens sepsis and meningitis.
AB  - Two fatal cases of Serratia marcescens sepsis and meningitis are reported here.
      The first case, a 1,420-g male infant born after 35 weeks of gestation, developed
      abdominal distension, hypotension and acidosis on the 3rd day after birth.
      Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was cloudy; blood and CSF cultures were positive for S.
      marcescens. He died within 24 hours after the appearance of symptoms, and
      purulent meningitis was found at autopsy. The second case, a 1,100-g boy born
      after 29 weeks of gestation, developed Escherichia coli sepsis at 14 days of age,
      from which he recovered. At 26 days of age he developed convulsions. Blood and
      CSF cultures grew S. marcescens. He was given gentamicin, chloramphenicol and
      supportive treatment, but expired 48 hours after the onset of symptoms. Both
      cases appeared within a 2-day period.

PMID- 6363352
TI  - Urinary tract infection and drug-resistant bacteria in different patient
      populations.
AB  - A 1-year survey of the pathogens causing urinary tract infections was conducted
      in three institutions: a rehabilitation hospital, a general hospital and
      outpatient clinics. Gram-negative rods accounted for 96% of the infections. In
      the general hospital and the outpatient clinics, Escherichia coli was the most
      prevalent pathogen, while Proteus sp. were most prevalent in the rehabilitation
      hospital. The frequency of drug-resistant isolates was significantly higher in
      the rehabilitation hospital than in the general hospital and the outpatient
      clinics. This was most conspicuous in the use of the beta-lactam antibiotics,
      aminoglycosides and sulfonamides against such organisms as E. coli, Klebsiella
      sp., Enterobacter sp. and Proteus sp. Urinary E. coli were more sensitive to
      antimicrobial drugs than were other urinary pathogens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      isolates were highly resistant to most antibiotics. About half of the isolates
      were resistant to gentamicin and another half to carbenicillin. In some instances
      the frequency of drug-resistant isolates was higher in the general hospital than
      in the outpatient clinics, reflecting the greater usage of antimicrobials in the
      general hospital.

PMID- 6363353
TI  - Bacterial colonization of the nose and external ear canal in newborn infants.
AB  - The bacterial flora of the nose and external ear canal of 132 newborn infants,
      aged 3 days and 4 to 7 days, was examined. Cultures taken from the nose showed
      the following pattern of bacterial colonization: normal flora (39%); potentially
      pathologic gram-positive microorganisms (23%); gram-negative enteric rods (16%);
      and sterile cultures (22%). The most frequent bacterial cultures from nostrils
      were Staphylococcus epidermidis (39%); Staph. aureus (11%) and Escherichia coli
      (8%). The cultures from the external ear canal showed normal flora (37%);
      potentially pathologic gram-positive microorganisms (5%); gram-negative enteric
      rods (24%); and sterile cultures (34%). The most frequent bacteria cultured from
      the ear canal were: Staph. epidermidis (37%); E. coli (8%); and Klebsiella
      pneumoniae (7.5%). Of several factors studied, the type of delivery, Apgar score
      and the duration of hospitalization were found to have a significant influence on
      the pattern of bacterial colonization.

PMID- 6363354
TI  - Comparison of truncal and caudal lesions in the vertebral column of the sand rat
      (Psammomys obesus).
AB  - Caudal vertebrae of sand rats (Psammomys obesus) of two age-groups were examined
      histologically, and the findings were compared with those obtained previously in
      the truncal spines of these animals. Degenerative processes were basically
      similar in both locations, although they were somewhat attenuated in the tail. By
      contrast, the incidences of disk herniation and of spondylosis were much more
      common in the trunk than in the tail. We concluded that in the sand rat there is
      a common, probably systemic, denominator for disk degeneration at all sites, and
      suggest that this factor is related to the peculiar water and/or electrolyte
      metabolism of these desert animals. Factors causing herniation of the degenerated
      disk and spondylosis seem to be related to local stresses which, in the presence
      of marked disk degeneration, may not exceed physiological limits.

PMID- 6363355
TI  - [Treponema pallidum or Spirochaeta pallida?].
AB  - First Schaudinn and Hoffmann named the causative organism of syphilis Spirochaeta
      pallida. Short time later Schaudinn proposed the name Treponema. He mentioned it
      in a letter of October 14, 1905 to Hoffmann. He supposed that this germ may be a
      flagellate. This was not correct. The electron-microscopic investigations
      revealed that this idea did not concur. Therefore it is better to call them
      Spirochaeta pallida and not Treponema pallidum any more.

PMID- 6363356
TI  - Radiation exposure levels in Altamira Cave.

PMID- 6363357
TI  - Face lift, Part 4: Use of superficial musculoaponeurotic system suspending
      sutures.
AB  - We describe nonabsorbable sutures running from one or more sites in the
      superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), to other sites at a distance, or to
      fixed sites beyond or deep to SMAS for the purpose of pulling on or suspending
      the distal selected SMAS sites or changing contours between the suture ends. Our
      reasons for abandoning some sutures and continuing with others are stated. In
      face lifting, we still often employ sutures running from the anterior part of the
      platysma and SMAS back to the sternocleidomastoid fascia. These sutures help
      prevent platysma "cording" and are useful in the restoration and preservation of
      a more youthful profile in the neck. Examples and controls are demonstrated.
      These sutures and the long-term results of their use have never been shown
      before. Problems encountered in using suspending sutures are described.

PMID- 6363358
TI  - Long-term exercise in coronary artery disease and other chronic disease states.

PMID- 6363359
TI  - The impact of future technology on oncologic diagnosis: oncologic imaging and
      diagnosis.
AB  - Over the past few years, the discipline of medical imaging has entered an
      evolutionary period that reflects primarily the introduction of computers and
      digital technology into the imaging process. Clinical applications of this
      evolution realized to date (e.g., transmission computed tomography, ultrasound
      and quantitative nuclear medicine) are only indicative of future developments
      that promise to increase the contributions of medical imaging in a very
      substantial manner. This increase in the area of oncologic diagnosis is one of
      the more exciting possibilities existing in medicine today.

PMID- 6363360
TI  - Erratum: idiopathic pneumonia and bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 6363361
TI  - On the central pattern generator for the basic breathing rhythmicity.
AB  - Recent advances in several laboratories concerning the respiration-related
      medullary neurons, their locations, projections, interconnections, morphological
      and physiological properties, and patterns of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials,
      excitatory postsynaptic potentials, and discharge rate, on the one hand, and the
      "systems behavior," on the other, have provided the basis for new hypothesis
      concerning the neural mechanisms underlying the central pattern generator (CPG)
      for breathing and its different parts. The onset of the "ramp"-like increase in
      inspiratory activity is due to an abrupt release of inhibition and a subsequent
      progressively increasing synaptic excitation of inspiratory premotor neurons. The
      integration of the excitatory "drive" inputs underlying the ramp inspiratory
      activity seems to depend on structures in the ventrorostral medulla, including
      nucleus paragigantocellularis. The termination of this activity by the off-switch
      mechanisms is actuated when a critical threshold is attained by the excitatory
      inputs of 1) a slowly increasing inspiration-related activity and 2) the afferent
      input from the pulmonary stretch receptors. The nature of the former activity is
      discussed. During the expiratory phase, an inhibitory activity suppresses
      inspiration-facilitating inputs with a slowly decaying power that controls the
      expiratory duration. The postinspiration activity, which brakes the rate of
      exhalation during the first part of the expiratory phase, depends on mechanisms
      separate from those responsible for the inspiratory ramp activity. The
      respiratory CPG seems to be organized with considerable amount of redundancy, or
      "degeneracity."

PMID- 6363362
TI  - Effect of acute exercise and prolonged training on insulin response to
      intravenous glucose in vivo in rat.
AB  - Physical training causes hypoinsulinemia and enhanced insulin sensitivity.
      Insulin sensitivity is also enhanced by a single bout of exercise. However,
      changes in beta-cell responsiveness with acute exercise are ill defined. To
      clarify these relationships intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed in
      1) physically trained rats (3 different levels), 48 h after the last bout of
      exercise; 2) untrained rats, 0.5, 4, and 24 h after a single bout of exercise; or
      3) sedentary control rats. The total area under the glucose-stimulated insulin
      response curve (GSIR) was negatively correlated with total distance run during
      training (r = -0.45, P less than 0.05), whereas glucose tolerance was improved (P
      less than 0.005 vs. controls) with intensive training. GSIR was suppressed by 38%
      (P less than 0.01 vs. controls) 0.5 h after a single bout of exercise. This
      effect persisted for 4 h but was not present after 24 h. These results indicate
      that a single bout of exercise induces suppression of GSIR which lasts less than
      24 h. In contrast, physical training induces prolonged suppression (for at least
      48 h) of GSIR, proportional to the intensity of training, and improved glucose
      tolerance.

PMID- 6363363
TI  - Hypervolemia and plasma vasopressin response during water immersion in men.
AB  - To investigate changes in plasma volume (PV) and osmolality as stimuli for plasma
      vasopressin (PVP) suppression and diuresis, seven normal healthy men (22-48 yr)
      were immersed to the neck for 4 h in a sitting position in tap water (34.5
      degrees C) after overnight food and fluid restriction. Mean +/- SE urine volume
      was 823 +/- 123 ml/4 h; fluid intake was 400 ml/4 h, and mean negative water
      balance was 944 ml/4 h. Urinary sodium excretion increased from 0.77 to 1.25
      mosmol/min (P less than 0.05) and UNaV from 0.14 to 0.37 meq/min (P less than
      0.05). During immersion, PV (T-1824) increased by 8.8% (P less than 0.05) during
      the first 30 min and declined linearly thereafter. Mean +/- SD serum osmolality
      (294 +/- 1.2 mosmol/kg H2O) and sodium (143.2 +/- 0.4 meq/l) were constant
      throughout immersion; PVP (2.3 +/- 0.5 pg/ml) and plasma renin activity [0.3 +/-
      0.2 ng ANG I/(ml X h]) were not significantly changed. Thus, the composition of
      the fluid entering the vascular space maintained constant serum osmolality and
      PVP throughout immersion. These findings do not support the hypothesis that acute
      expansion of central volume and PV cause suppression of PVP. The results suggest
      a mechanism other than or in addition to PVP suppression as a contributory cause
      of the immersion diuresis.

PMID- 6363364
TI  - Hypohydration and heat acclimation: plasma renin and aldosterone during exercise.
AB  - This study was designed to assess the effects of hydration, acclimation,
      environment, and exercise on plasma levels of renin and aldosterone. Sixteen
      subjects exercised (1.34 m X s-1), both pre- and postacclimation, when euhydrated
      or hypohydrated (-5% of body wt) in a comfortable (20 degrees C, rh = 40%), hot
      wet (35 degrees C, rh = 79%), or hot-dry (49 degrees C, rh = 20%) environment.
      Although light exercise in a thermoneutral environment had no effects on plasma
      levels of renin activity (PRA) or aldosterone (ALD), exercise in both hot
      environments resulted in significantly increased levels of both. Increments in
      both PRA and ALD were greater when hypohydrated, and PRA effects were
      significantly moderated by heat acclimation in both the euhydration and
      hypohydration experiments. Although PRA and ALD responses were generally
      correlated, acclimation did not consistently attenuate ALD increments. We
      concluded that hydration state, acclimation level, and environmental conditions
      all affected the responses of PRA and ALD to light exercise.

PMID- 6363365
TI  - Effects of physical training on adrenergic sensitivity in obesity.
AB  - To examine the possibility that the decrease of hyperinsulinemia and blood
      pressure in obesity associated with physical training is mediated via adaptations
      in the adrenergic nervous system, a pure beta-adrenergic agonist (isoproterenol)
      or an alpha-adrenergic antagonist (phentolamine) was infused before and during an
      oral glucose tolerance test before and after physical training. A number of
      circulatory, metabolic, and endocrine factors under adrenergic control were
      followed. Physical training was associated with an augmented beta-agonist
      response in blood pressure, heart rate, blood glucose, plasma insulin, connecting
      (C) peptide, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) but not in plasma glucagon and
      gastric inhibitory polypeptide. Physical training also resulted in higher values
      of C-peptide and PP values after alpha-adrenergic blockade. It was concluded that
      physical training probably is associated with an augmented sensitivity of the
      beta-adrenergic nervous system. This might also be the case with the alpha
      adrenergic system. It was suggested that this in turn might be due to a decreased
      firing in the adrenergic nervous system leading secondarily to an increased
      sensitivity in the effector cells. It was hypothesized that such decreased firing
      could provide a background to explain lower blood pressure and plasma insulin
      after physical training.

PMID- 6363366
TI  - Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine and effects of respiratory maneuvers.
AB  - Eight asthmatic and six normal subjects had methacholine chloride inhalation
      tests on two visits. On first assessment the provocative concentration causing a
      20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (PC20FEV1) was measured. On the
      second visit the provocative concentration causing a 35% fall in specific lung
      conductance (PC35sGL) was obtained in addition to the PC20FEV1. Lung resistance
      was continuously monitored to evaluate the bronchomotor effect of FEV1 maneuver.
      Results of PC20FEV1 were within one single twofold concentration on the two
      visits. In all subjects but one PC35sGL was lower than PC20FEV1, and in 10
      instances this difference was superior to a single twofold concentration. The
      bronchodilator effect of FEV1 maneuver was significantly although loosely related
      to base-line airway caliber and excitability. However, we were unable to show a
      significant relationship between the differences between PC20FEV1 and PC35sGL and
      this bronchodilator effect. This suggests that other factors may explain the
      greater sensitivity of PC35sGL compared with PC20FEV1.

PMID- 6363367
TI  - Threshold of airway response to inhaled methacholine in healthy men and women.
AB  - Threshold of airway response to inhaled methacholine was determined using maximum
      expiratory partial flow-volume curves in 21 men and 36 women with similar age
      distribution, all of them healthy nonsmokers. Mean threshold was on average 1.3
      doubling dose lower in women than men. There were no sex differences in the
      increase of maximum expiratory flows after a full inspiration when the airways
      were constricted by methacholine.

PMID- 6363368
TI  - High-frequency ventilation in lung edema: effects on gas exchange and perfusion.
AB  - In six open-chest dogs, unilobar pulmonary edema was induced by injection of
      oleic acid into a lower lobe pulmonary arterial branch. Two hours later,
      intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV) and high-frequency oscillatory
      ventilation (HFOV) at matched mean alveolar pressures (MAP) were compared at 30
      min intervals. The edematous lobar venous admixture (Qva/QT) increased by 0.14 (P
      less than 0.1) and its relative perfusion (QL/QT) decreased by 0.03. (P less than
      0.1) during HFOV compared with IPPV. In another six dogs the MAP was increased by
      1.5 cmH2O during HFOV; now the edematous lobar Qva/QT decreased by 0.15 (P less
      than 0.03) and QL/QT increased by 0.03 (P less than 0.03) during HFOV compared
      with IPPV. Greater MAP during HFOV also improved the edematous lobar ventilation
      (lobar venous PCO2) during HFOV compared with IPPV. Conceivably, the increase in
      MAP inflated collapsed, flooded regions, and thereby increased their O2 transfer,
      perfusion, and ventilation. Whole-lung Qva/QT was similar during IPPV and HFOV in
      both groups because of the opposing effects of lobar Qva/QT and QL/QT. We
      conclude that HFOV supports cardiovascular-respiratory function in open-chest
      unilobar pulmonary edema compared with IPPV at similar MAP; gas exchange and
      perfusion of edematous units may be sensitive to small changes in MAP, and we
      detected no intrinsic effects of HFOV on these variables. We speculate that
      similar beneficial effects in diffuse pulmonary edema may be effected by small
      variations in MAP during HFOV without the barotrauma side effects sometimes
      observed when MAP is increased during IPPV.

PMID- 6363369
TI  - Plasma osmolality, volume, and renin activity at the "anaerobic threshold".
AB  - Plasma renin activity (PRA), volume (PV), osmolality, and hemodynamic parameters
      were examined in relation to the anaerobic threshold (AT) during progressive
      cycle ergometry (PE) and repetitive bouts of unilateral isokinetic knee extension
      flexion (LE) at 50% maximum voluntary contractions in eight normotensive males.
      During PE, the observed rise in PRA paralleled that of lactate with abrupt
      increases occurring at the AT. Correlation of % delta lactate (La), % delta
      osmolality, and % delta PV with % delta PRA were r = 0.65, 0.36, and -0.51,
      respectively (all P less than 0.01). In addition, when mean arterial pressure was
      plotted as a function of VO2, the rate of rise was greater below the AT than
      above the AT (11.5 vs. -2.4 mmHg X l-1 X min, P less than 0.001). A time control
      study (TC) exercising subjects for the same duration but at work rates maintained
      below the AT resulted in significantly lower values for both PRA and La (7.18 vs.
      11.27 mg angiotensin I (ANG I) X ml-1 X min and 3.16 vs. 9.93 mM, P less than
      0.05 for TC vs. PE) while producing a similar fall in % delta PV and rise in
      osmolality. During LE, a high correlation was obtained for % delta PRA and %
      delta La (r = 0.86, P less than 0.01) but not for % delta PRA with % delta PV or
      % delta osmolality. The data demonstrate that PRA parallels lactate during
      exercise and that mean arterial pressure rises more slowly beyond the AT despite
      a more rapid rise in PRA.

PMID- 6363370
TI  - Curable hypertension. Usefulness of renal vein renin ratio.
AB  - A case of severe hypertension in an adolescent male is presented. Initial
      evaluation of hypertension revealed a unilateral nonfunctioning kidney with no
      lateralization of renal vein renin ratio. Following 10 months of medical therapy,
      lateralization of renal vein renin was demonstrated, with subsequent cure of
      hypertension following nephrectomy.

PMID- 6363371
TI  - Scleral fixation for intraocular lenses.
AB  - Four methods for scleral fixation of intraocular lenses are described and 303
      lenses fixated by one of these methods during three years are reviewed.

PMID- 6363372
TI  - MM 14201, a new epoxyquinone derivative with antibacterial activity produced by a
      species of Streptomyces.
AB  - A new antibiotic designated MM 14201 has been detected in a culture of
      Streptomyces sp. NCIB 11813. Methods for the production and purification of MM
      14201 are described. Biological evaluation has shown it has broad spectrum
      antibacterial activity being most effective against Serratia and Pseudomonas sp.
      Structural studies are reported which have demonstrated MM 14201 is a new
      epoxyquinone derivative.

PMID- 6363373
TI  - Microbial transformation of maridomycin III by Serratia marcescens.
AB  - Two transformation products of maridomycin (MDM) III, MDM-S1 and MDM-S2 named
      after Serratia marcescens, were isolated by silica gel chromatography. NMR and IR
      analysis revealed that MDM-S1 and -S2 had no aldehyde group at C-18 on the
      macrolactone ring, and that the hydroxyl group at C-9 seemed to disappear.
      Although MDM-S1 and -S2 are less active against Gram-positive bacteria than
      starting MDM III they are interesting materials in view of the introduction of
      nitrogen into each molecule, and that the transformation products are produced by
      Gram-negative bacteria which are thought to be insensitive to macrolide
      antibiotics.

PMID- 6363374
TI  - Microbes I have known: a study of those associated with fermented products.

PMID- 6363375
TI  - Genus Bacteroides. A chemotaxonomical perspective.

PMID- 6363376
TI  - A proposed life cycle for the Reiter treponeme.
AB  - Direct microscopical observations of single developing cysts in sealed slide
      microcultures prepared from 5-days-old tube cultures of the Reiter treponeme
      revealed two distinct phases in the life cycle. In one phase transverse fission
      was the main method of multiplication while in a second phase, occurring when
      conditions in the medium became unfavourable for propagation, cysts developed.
      These could release large numbers of actively motile treponemes when returned to
      optimum growth conditions. These observations, together with results of the
      dilution method for the calculation of the Most Probable Number and the absence
      of a response in treponemes killed by high temperature (45 degrees C) or abnormal
      pH (10), showed that the cysts were viable and a mode of propagation for the
      Reiter treponeme.

PMID- 6363377
TI  - Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica and related species from the faeces of cows.
AB  - A total of 203 samples of faeces from 124 cows was examined for the presence of
      Yersinia enterocolitica and related species by a variety of isolation procedures.
      Cold enrichment at 5 degrees C for three weeks, followed by plating on cefsulodin
      irgasannovobiocin agar yielded Yersinia species most frequently. Yersinia
      enterocolitica or related species were isolated from 50% of the cows.

PMID- 6363378
TI  - The R-factors of multiple antibiotic resistant faecal coliforms isolated from a
      domestic dog.
AB  - The antibiotic resistant faecal flora of a domestic dog suffering from an acute
      enteric infection was examined. The flora exhibited overall resistance to a wide
      variety of antibiotics. However, following restoration of the animal to normal
      health, overall resistance to ampicillin (Ap), tetracycline (Tc), chloramphenicol
      (Cm) and streptomycin Sm was lost, although low numbers of bacteria resistant to
      these four antimicrobial agents could still be isolated up to one year later. A
      total of 11 strains were purified for further study. All 11 were positively
      identified as Escherichia coli and shown to be resistant to various combinations
      of the above antibiotics, and additionally to kanamycin (Km). Each strain
      harboured from one to five plasmids, although only four proved capable of
      transferring antibiotic resistance to Escherichia coli K-12. One of the strains
      was found to harbour two conjugal plasmids pNJ101 (60 Md) and pNJ102 (133 Md)
      which coded for resistance to Cm, Tc, Ap and Cm, Tc, Km respectively. A third
      plasmid pNJ103 (29 Md) remains cryptic. The possession of the two plasmids pNJ101
      and pNJ102 appears to be an unstable situation as variants arose harbouring one
      or other of the plasmids.

PMID- 6363379
TI  - Molecular basis of chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol toxicity to DNA in vitro.
AB  - The action of thiamphenicol and reduced chloramphenicol on DNA has been
      investigated in vitro. Reduced chloramphenicol causes DNA damage which is
      dependent upon reduction of the nitro group and which is characterized by helix
      destabilization and strand breakage. Although the reduction process requires six
      electrons indicating formation of the amine in 100% yield the toxic agent is most
      probably a short-lived reduction intermediate. We propose the one-electron nitro
      radical anion rather than the nitroso derivative as the toxic agent responsible
      for DNA damage related to aplastic anaemia. In contrast, thiamphenicol produces
      no such effects on DNA.

PMID- 6363380
TI  - Nitrofuran reductase activity in nitrofurantoin-resistant strains of Escherichia
      coli K12: some with chromosomally determined resistance and others carrying R
      plasmids.
AB  - The nitrofuran reductase activity of Escherichia coli K12 strains was separated
      into two components by passage through Sepharose 4B-200. The components differed
      in their sensitivity to 2 M urea and their reactivity with NADH and NADPH. Some
      nitrofurantoin-resistant mutants had lost one component (alpha) while retaining
      the other (beta). Other mutants, resistant to higher levels of nitrofurantoin,
      had lost most of the beta component as well. Transconjugants which had received
      plasmids conferring nitrofurantoin resistance were found to have only the alpha
      component and it was markedly less active when NADH rather than NADPH was
      supplied as co-enzyme.

PMID- 6363381
TI  - In-vivo protection of group A beta-haemolytic streptococci from penicillin by
      beta-lactamase-producing Bacteroides species.
AB  - The incidence of persistent group A beta-haemolytic streptococci in tonsils,
      despite penicillin therapy, has increased in recent years. beta-Lactamase
      producing organisms have previously been recovered from 74% of patients with
      persisting group A streptococci. We investigated the possibility that beta
      lactamase-producing strains of Bacteroides spp. can protect streptococci from
      penicillin. A mixed infection was induced in mice in the form of a subcutaneous
      abscess involving a penicillin-susceptible group A streptococcus, and a beta
      lactamase-producing strain of either Bact. melaninogenicus or Bact. fragilis. The
      infected animals were treated for seven days with parenteral penicillin,
      penicillin and clavulanic acid or clindamycin. Penicillin treatment prevented the
      formation of abscesses in animals inoculated with group A streptococci alone, but
      not in those inoculated with group A streptococci and Bacteroides spp. We
      attributed this resistance to penicillin therapy, and the subsequent formation of
      abscesses in mice, to protection of the streptococci from penicillin by beta
      lactamase-producing strains of Bacteroides spp. Effective therapy for mixed
      infections was achieved when clavulanic acid, a beta-lactamase inhibitor, was
      administered with penicillin. A similar effect was noted with clindamycin, which
      is active against both group A streptococci and Bacteroides spp.

PMID- 6363382
TI  - Renal function in patients treated with tobramycin-cefuroxime or tobramycin
      penicillin G.
AB  - In order to evaluate the potentiating effect of cefuroxime on tobramycin
      nephrotoxicity 21 immunocompromised patients with suspected septicaemia were
      randomized to treatment with either tobramycin + cefuroxime or tobramycin +
      penicillin G. 51Chromium-EDTA clearance, serum creatinine, serum beta 2
      microglobulin, urinary, alanine aminopeptidase, urinary N-acetyl-beta-D
      glucosaminidase and urinary beta 2-microglobulin were measured during a nine day
      course of the antibiotic combinations. Enzymuria and a small but significant
      decrease of 51Chromium-EDTA clearance of equal magnitude in both treatment groups
      occurred. However the results cannot be extrapolated to other doses and treatment
      times than used in the study.

PMID- 6363383
TI  - Permeability of the boundary layers of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109J and its
      bdelloplasts to small hydrophilic molecules.
AB  - Measurements of the sucrose-permeable and -impermeable volumes during
      Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus attack on Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas putida
      showed that the volume of the bdelloplast increased over that of the substrate
      cell. Although the pattern of the increase differed with the two organisms, the
      volumes reached maximum at about 60 min into the bdellovibrio growth cycle. By
      this time, the cytoplasmic membranes of the attacked cells were completely
      permeable to sucrose. The kinetics of increase in sucrosepermeable volumes were
      similar to the kinetics of attachment and penetration (Varon and Shilo, J.
      Bacteriol. 95:744-753, 1968). These data show that the original cytoplasmic and
      periplasmic compartmentalization of the substrate cell ceases to exist with
      respect to small hydrophilic molecules during bdellovibrio attack. In contrast,
      the effective pore size of the outer membrane of the substrate cell to small
      oligosaccharides remains unaltered during bdelloplast formation as was shown by
      direct measurements of its exclusion limits. The major porin protein of E. coli,
      OmpF, was recoverable from the bdelloplast outer membrane fraction until the
      onset of lysis. The Braun lipoprotein was removed from the bdelloplast wall
      early, and OmpA was lost in the terminal part of the bdellovibrio growth cycle.

PMID- 6363384
TI  - Change in the surface hydrophobicity of substrate cells during bdelloplast
      formation by Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109J.
AB  - During intraperiplasmic growth of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109J, the substrate
      cell surface becomes more hydrophobic. This was shown (i) by comparing the
      sensitivity to hydrophobic antibiotics of wild-type and lipopolysaccharide mutant
      strains of Salmonella typhimurium to that of the bdellovibrio growing on these
      strains and (ii) by measuring the binding efficiency of these strains,
      Escherichia coli, and their derived bdelloplasts to octyl Sepharose. The kinetics
      of increase in surface hydrophobicity was similar to the kinetics of the
      conversion of the substrate cell peptidoglycan to a lysozyme-resistant form (M.
      Thomashow and S. Rittenberg, J. Bacteriol. 135:1008-1014, 1978), and
      hydrophobicity reached a maximum at about 60 min in a synchronous culture. The
      change in hydrophobicity was inhibited by chloramphenicol, suggesting that
      bdellovibrio protein synthesis was required. Control experiments revealed that
      the free-swimming bdellovibrio had a more hydrophobic surface than the deep rough
      mutants of S. typhimurium.

PMID- 6363385
TI  - Repression of nitrogen fixation in Klebsiella pneumoniae at high temperature.
AB  - The effect of elevated growth temperature on nif mRNA synthesis, nif protein
      synthesis, and nitrogenase activity was investigated in wild-type and NifL-
      strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Nitrogenase activity is not affected at 41
      degrees C; however, nitrogenase is not synthesized at that temperature.
      Transcription of three nif operons studied is repressed at 41 degrees C. We show
      that the nifL protein is not required for repression by high temperature and
      propose that repression of nif at 41 degrees C results from a reversible
      inactivation of the nifA gene product.

PMID- 6363387
TI  - Suppression of Escherichia coli recF mutations by recA-linked srfA mutations.
AB  - Suppressors of recF (srfA) were found by selection for resistance to mitomycin C
      and UV irradiation in a recB21 recC22 sbcB15 recF143 strain. srfA mutations map
      in recA and are dominant to srfA+. They suppress both the DNA repair and the
      recombination deficiencies due to recF mutations. Therefore, RecA protein which
      is altered by the srfA mutation can allow genetic recombination to proceed in the
      absence of recB, recC, and recF functions. recF is also required for induction of
      the SOS response after UV damage. We propose that recF+ normally functions to
      allow the expression of two recA activities, one that is required for the RecF
      pathway of recombination and another that is required for SOS induction. The two
      RecA activities are different and are separable by mutation since srfA mutations
      permit recombination to proceed but have not caused a dramatic increase in SOS
      induction in recF mutants. According to this hypothesis, one role for recF in DNA
      repair and recombination is to modulate RecA activities to allow RecA to
      participate in these recF-dependent processes.

PMID- 6363386
TI  - Sterol methylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Various nystatin-resistant mutants defective in S-adenosylmethionine: delta 24
      sterol-C-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.41) were shown to possess alleles of the
      same gene, erg6. The genetic map location of erg6 was shown to be close to trp1
      on chromosome 4. Despite the single locus for erg6, S-adenosylmethionine: delta
      24-sterol-C-methyltransferase enzyme activity was found in three separate
      fractions: mitochondria, microsomes, and the "floating lipid layer." The amount
      of activity in each fraction could be manipulated by assay conditions. The lipids
      and lipid synthesis of mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae defective in the delta
      24-sterol-C-methyltransferase were compared with a C5(6) desaturase mutant and
      parental wild types. No ergosterol (C28 sterol) could be detected in whole-cell
      sterol extracts of the erg6 mutants, the limits of detection being less than 10(
      11) mol of ergosterol per 10(8) cells. The distribution of accumulated sterols by
      these mutants varied with growth phase and between free and esterified fractions.
      The steryl ester concentrations of the mutants were eight times higher than those
      of the wild type from exponential growth samples. However, the concentration of
      the ester accumulated by the mutants was not as great in stationary-phase cells.
      Whereas the head group phospholipid composition was the same between parental and
      mutant strains, strain-dependent changes in fatty acids were observed, most
      notably a 40% increase in the oleic acid content of phosphatidylethanolamine of
      one erg6 mutant, JR5.

PMID- 6363388
TI  - Demethylation of methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins in Escherichia coli induced
      by the repellents glycerol and ethylene glycol.
AB  - The addition of glycerol or ethylene glycol caused not only severe tumbling but
      also a drastic decrease in the methylation level of methyl-accepting chemotaxis
      proteins (MCPs) in Escherichia coli. Experiments with various mutants having
      defects in their MCPs showed that the demethylation occurred in all three kinds
      of MCPs, MCPI, II, and III. The addition of an attractant to the glycerol- or
      ethylene glycol-treated cells resulted in a distinct increase in the methylation
      level of the relevant MCP, indicating that glycerol and ethylene glycol do not
      directly damage the methylation-demethylation system in the cell. The time
      courses of adaptation and MCP demethylation upon addition of these repellents
      were consistent with each other. Furthermore, both the response time and the
      extent of MCP demethylation were increased in parallel with increasing
      concentrations of glycerol or ethylene glycol. These results indicate that the
      adaptation to these repellents is performed by the demethylation of MCPs. Thus,
      glycerol and ethylene glycol are novel repellents, which utilize not just one but
      all three kinds of MCPs for both information processing and adaptation.

PMID- 6363390
TI  - Purification and partial characterization of a Nocardia brasiliensis
      extracellular protease.
AB  - Nocardia brasiliensis possess proteolytic activities that can be readily detected
      in a variety of media. In a modified formulation of a growth medium originally
      used for Streptomyces aureofaciens, N. brasiliensis was found to secrete
      proteolytic enzymes, one of which was capable of hydrolyzing casein. This enzyme
      was purified to homogeneity from cell-free culture filtrates of N. brasiliensis.
      The purification procedure included ion-exchange chromatography on carboxymethyl
      Sepharose, gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, and affinity chromatography, using a
      hemoglobin-Sepharose resin. The molecular weight of the N. brasiliensis protease
      was found to be 25,000 by gel filtration and 35,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      discontinuous gel electrophoresis. The enzyme is inhibited by o-phenanthroline
      and 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid but is not affected by EDTA. Average
      values for its kinetic parameters were 0.288 mumol of hemoglobin solubilized per
      min per mg of enzyme for Vmax and 0.76 mM for Km, using hemoglobin as the
      substrate.

PMID- 6363389
TI  - Use of phi(glp-lac) in studies of respiratory regulation of the Escherichia coli
      anaerobic sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes (glpAB).
AB  - Expression of the glpA operon encoding the extrinsic membrane anaerobic sn
      glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase complex of Escherichia coli K-12 was studied
      in five strains carrying independent glpA-lac operon fusions. The location of the
      fusions was confirmed by transduction. Two of the strains produced an
      enzymatically active anaerobic sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase that
      accumulated in the cytoplasmic fraction of the cells. This suggests the loss of a
      specific membrane anchor subunit encoded by a distal gene, glpB, which was
      disrupted by the insertion. beta-Galactosidase in all five strains carrying
      phi(glpA-lac) was highly inducible by glycerol only anaerobically. A mutation in
      fnr, a pleiotropic activator gene, prevented full induction of the phi(glpA-lac),
      demonstrating that the Fnr protein is a positive regulator of the primary
      dehydrogenase as well as of the terminal reductases of anaerobic respiratory
      chains. Low concentrations of the respiratory poison KCN had a permissive effect
      on aerobic expression of phi(glpA-lac). Aerobic expression of the hybrid operon
      was also enhanced in isogenic derivatives of the fusion strains deficient in
      protoporphyrin biosynthesis (hemA). Thus, heme proteins may play a role in
      mediating aerobic repression of the anaerobic respiratory chain.

PMID- 6363391
TI  - Cellular location of heat-labile enterotoxin in Escherichia coli.
AB  - We demonstrated that both the A and B subunits of heat-labile enterotoxin from
      Escherichia coli are located in the periplasm. The toxin was shown to form
      aggregates in Tris-EDTA buffers which are routinely used for isolating membranes.
      The aggregates pellet upon centrifugation, and this may explain why several
      previous investigators have concluded that enterotoxin is associated with
      membranes.

PMID- 6363392
TI  - Bacteriophage chi sensitivity and motility of Escherichia coli K-12 and
      Salmonella typhimurium Fla- mutants possessing the hook structure.
AB  - The production of hook protein and flagellin in 29 Fla- mutants of Escherichia
      coli K-12 was determined by the complement fixation assay. Six mutants produced
      hook protein, and four of them also produced flagellin. A flaE mutation was
      introduced into these fla mutants carrying the hook structure. All of these
      mutants made polyhooks and were used as hosts for a newly isolated host-range
      mutant of chi phage that has a high affinity for the hook structure. All except
      one mutant produced significant amounts of progeny phages. A flaD flaE double
      mutant was that exception which did not yield significant amounts of progeny by
      the phage propagation method. All of the flaE double mutants produced comparable
      amounts of polyhooks, and no qualitative difference was detected between chi
      sensitive and chi-insensitive mutants by the complement fixation assay.
      Accordingly, it was thought that the polyhook of the flaD flaE mutant had a
      mechanical defect for chi phage infection. This assumption was confirmed by
      tethered-cell experiments; the flaD flaE mutant did not rotate. These results are
      well explained by a proposed regulation pathway of flagellar genes. flaE mutants
      can express other genes which govern the final step of the flagellar
      morphogenesis, whereas flaD mutants cannot rotate, possibly because the mocha
      operon is not expressed. The results obtained in E. coli were also found to be
      applicable to Salmonella typhimurium.

PMID- 6363393
TI  - Exonucleases I, III, and V are required for stability of ColE1-related plasmids
      in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The stability of two ColE1-related plasmids (pRSF2124 and pMB9) was examined in
      strains of Escherichia coli multiply deficient in exonucleases I (sbcB), III
      (xthA), or V (recB recC). Any combination of exonuclease I, III, and V deficiency
      resulted in dramatically decreased stability of both pRSF2124 and pMB9.
      Inactivation of the RecF pathway by introducing either recF or recJ mutations to
      the recB recC subcB background resulted in nearly wild-type levels of stability
      for both plasmids. In contrast, the introduction of uvrD3 uvr-257, uvrE100, or
      recL152 into the recB21 recC22 sbcB15 strain did not affect plasmid stability.
      Furthermore, the amount of plasmid DNA recovered from pRSF2124 or pMB9
      transformants of a xthA1 sbcB15 strain was strikingly reduced relative to that of
      a wild-type control. Taken together, these results suggest that some aspect of
      DNA repair is required for stable maintenance of ColE1-related plasmids in E.
      coli.

PMID- 6363394
TI  - Standard reference strains of Escherichia coli from natural populations.
AB  - A set of 72 reference strains of Escherichia coli isolated from a variety of
      hosts and geographical locations has been established for use in studies of
      variation and genetic structure in natural populations. The strains, which have
      been characterized by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, are representative of
      the range of genotypic variation in the species as a whole.

PMID- 6363395
TI  - Plasma/RBC haloperidol ratios and improvement in acute psychotic symptoms.
AB  - In a double-blind controlled study, 20 acutely psychotic inpatients were treated
      with different haloperidol dosage regimens. Over a 24-hour period, 10 of the
      patients were treated with rapid intramuscular neuroleptization at 10 mg per dose
      and 10 at 2 mg per dose. The patients were then treated for 6 more days with an
      oral dose equivalent to that given over the first 24 hours of treatment, with
      doctor's choice adjustments as needed. Behavioral change was rated using the
      Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Blood samples drawn at baseline and late
      in the treatment were assayed for plasma and red blood cell haloperidol levels.
      Although neither of these variables showed a significant correlation with
      behavioral improvement, the ratio of plasma/RBC haloperidol levels significantly
      correlated with improvement.

PMID- 6363396
TI  - Clomipramine treatment for panic attacks in patients with mitral valve prolapse.
AB  - Clomipramine (25-150 mg/day) was given in a 2-month open clinical trial to
      patients with DSM-III defined panic disorder (N = 8) or agoraphobia with panic
      attacks (N = 12); 6 of these patients were found to have MVP. Substantial
      improvement was seen in all of the patients with MVP and 11 of 14 without MVP.
      Response was not affected by age, sex, or agoraphobic vs panic disorder
      diagnosis. Thus, clomipramine appears effective in the treatment of spontaneous
      panic attacks with or without mitral valve prolapse.

PMID- 6363397
TI  - Double-blind comparison of amoxapine and imipramine in the treatment of depressed
      patients.
AB  - A 5-week double-blind study compared amoxapine to imipramine (2:1 dosage ratio)
      in the treatment of depressed outpatients. The two agents were similar in anti
      depressant efficacy and rapidity of action. The most common adverse reactions to
      both drugs were anticholinergic effects and sedation; cardiovascular effects were
      minimal. A few amoxapine-treated patients developed adverse effects typical of
      neuroleptic drugs: some experienced extrapyramidal signs, one developed
      galactorrhea, and most showed elevated plasma prolactin concentrations. Amoxapine
      was associated with significant neuroleptic activity in plasma. No correlation
      was found between blood levels of either drug and therapeutic response.

PMID- 6363398
TI  - Cranial electrotherapy stimulation treatment of cognitive brain dysfunction in
      chemical dependence.
AB  - Several studies have shown that cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) is
      useful in treating brain dysfunction associated with alcoholism. A double-blind
      study replicated the latest of these findings in 60 inpatients and extended them
      by treating individuals with alcoholism and other chemical dependencies.
      Treatment effects were assessed on three subscales of the WAIS that are clinical
      indicators of organic brain syndrome. No placebo effect was found. CES appears to
      be a valuable adjunct to rehabilitation programs for addicted persons and can
      effect changes in areas not addressed by other treatment modalities.

PMID- 6363399
TI  - Yeast cells recover from mating pheromone alpha factor-induced division arrest by
      desensitization in the absence of alpha factor destruction.
AB  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae MATa cells arrest cell division in response to the
      mating pheromone, alpha factor. After some interval of time the cells resume
      division. It is demonstrated here that cells recover from division arrest by
      becoming insensitive to the alpha factor under conditions of low cell density
      (10(2) cells/ml) where no alpha factor destruction occurs. The time of
      desensitization occurs later at higher alpha factor concentrations. Using the
      technique of perfusion photomicroscopy developed in this study, it was found that
      95% of the desensitized cells remain insensitive to the alpha factor for greater
      than or equal to 3 generations at the alpha factor concentration where recovery
      occurred. Upon recovery, cells have generation times which are similar or
      identical to the calculated time from the cdc28 "start" step of cell division to
      cell separation. Therefore, the abnormally large recovered cells behave as if
      they have no growth time requirement for cell division for several generations.
      Desensitization was found to occur asymmetrically for parent and daughter cells.
      While parents (cells which have budded) are insensitive to alpha factor, their
      daughters (cells which have never budded and which were formed from desensitized
      parents during continuous perfusion with alpha factor) show 54% with a delayed
      generation time compared to control daughter cells.

PMID- 6363400
TI  - Proteins of the Bacillus stearothermophilus ribosome. The amino acid sequences of
      proteins S5 and L30.
AB  - The amino acid sequences of ribosomal proteins S5 and L30 from Bacillus
      stearothermophilus have been determined. These proteins have recently been
      crystallized in our institute. Sequence data were obtained by manual sequencing
      of peptides derived from cyanogen bromide cleavage and digestion with trypsin and
      chymotrypsin or thermolysin. Proteins S5 and L30 contain 166 and 62 amino acid
      residues and have calculated Mr values of 17,628 and 7,053, respectively.
      Comparison of the sequences with those of the homologous proteins from
      Escherichia coli shows 55% identical residues for S5 and 53% for L30. For both
      proteins, the distribution of conserved and substituted regions is not uniform
      throughout the molecule. Secondary structure predictions were carried out for the
      B. stearothermophilus proteins. Comparison with the results for the homologous E.
      coli proteins indicated similar secondary structural order for the molecules from
      the two species.

PMID- 6363401
TI  - Close range interactions between nucleotide bases and tryptophan residues in an
      Escherichia coli single-stranded DNA binding protein-mercurated poly(uridylic
      acid) complex. A study by optically detected magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
AB  - Optically detected triplet state magnetic resonance spectra are reported for the
      complex formed between mercurated poly(Urd) and Escherichia coli single-stranded
      DNA binding protein. Upon forming a complex, the triplet state properties of Trp
      residue(s) in the protein are perturbed by the heavy mercury atom and are
      characterized by a shortened triplet state lifetime and the appearance of a
      strong D + E slow passage optically detected magnetic resonance signal. These
      features, which signal an external heavy atom effect, provide direct evidence for
      a close range interaction between mercurated nucleotide bases and Trp residues
      owing to the requirement of a van der Waals contact between the perturbed
      molecule and the heavy atom perturber. The amplitude-modulated phosphorescence
      microwave double resonance technique selectively displays the phosphorescence
      spectrum of the heavy atom-perturbed Trp triplet states. A van der Waals contact
      manifested through a stacked structure of the mercurated uridine base and the
      indole moiety of Trp is strongly suggested as the most plausible mode of
      interaction from steric considerations, since other approaches of the mercury
      atom are blocked by the covalent attachment of 2-mercaptoethanol to mercury. The
      magnitude of the heavy atom perturbation also is consistent with Hg approach to
      the pi-system from above or below the indole aromatic plane, and is at least an
      order of magnitude larger than effects expected from an edge-on approach.

PMID- 6363402
TI  - Crystallization and preliminary X-ray investigation of acid protease from
      Cladosporium.
AB  - Crystals of Cladosporium acid protease have been grown from solutions of
      polyethylene glycol. The crystals are orthorhombic, space group, P212121, with
      alpha = 136.5(7) A, b = 109.4(5) A, and c = 87.7(4) A. There are four acid
      protease molecules/asymmetric unit. The crystals are quite stable to x-rays and
      diffract beyond 3.0-A resolution.

PMID- 6363403
TI  - Multiple isoelectric and molecular weight variants of choline acetyltransferase.
      Artifact or real?
AB  - The existence of isoelectric variants of bovine brain and human placental choline
      acetyltransferase was confirmed by chromatofocusing. The identification of
      molecular weight variants (bovine brain, Mr = 68,000 and 63,000; human placental,
      Mr = 66,000 and 64,000) was also demonstrated using sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by "Western blotting" and
      immunochemical visualization of choline acetyltransferase with monoclonal
      antibodies. No correlation between the isoelectric variants and molecular weight
      variants could be observed; however, in the case of the bovine brain enzyme the
      more alkaline isoelectric variant was enriched in the higher molecular weight
      form of the enzyme. Treatment of the bovine brain enzyme with Staphylococcus
      aureus V8 protease resulted in the conversion of the Mr = 68,000 form of the
      enzyme to the Mr = 63,000 form. During this conversion no change in the enzyme
      activity was observed demonstrating that the Mr = 63,000 form of the enzyme and
      probably also the Mr = 68,000 form of the enzyme are active. Preparation of the
      bovine brain enzyme in the presence of proteolytic enzyme inhibitors yielded a
      new higher molecular weight form of the enzyme, Mr = 73,000, which was
      enzymatically active. The Mr = 73,000 form of the enzyme exhibited a single
      isoelectric form when analyzed by chromatofocusing. These results suggest that
      the Mr = 73,000 form of the enzyme represents the native form, and that other
      molecular weight and isoelectric variants may arise by proteolysis.

PMID- 6363404
TI  - Purification and properties of penicillin-binding proteins 5 and 6 from the dacA
      mutant strain of Escherichia coli (JE 11191).
AB  - Penicillin-binding proteins 5 and 6 have been purified to homogeneity from the
      dacA mutant strain of Escherichia coli (JE 11191). Protein 6 from the mutant
      strain appears to be identical to that from the wild type, but protein 5 is a
      mutant protein which has no D-alanine carboxypeptidase activity. Moreover, the
      mutant protein 5 binds, but does not release, [14C]penicillin G. Correspondingly,
      an acyl-enzyme intermediate derived from a synthetic substrate is accumulated by
      the mutant protein. A comparison of the acylation site for the synthetic
      substrate and for penicillin G by limited proteolysis and some other properties
      of the mutant protein are described.

PMID- 6363405
TI  - Immunological cross-reactivity between carbamyl phosphate synthetases I, II, and
      III.
AB  - Four types of carbamyl phosphate synthetase have been previously distinguished on
      the basis of catalytic properties and metabolic role. Immunoblot assay has now
      demonstrated cross-reactivity between rat liver carbamyl phosphate synthetase I
      and the following other three types of synthetases: carbamyl phosphate synthetase
      II from SV40-transformed baby hamster kidney cells, carbamyl phosphate synthetase
      III from spiny dogfish liver and from largemouth bass liver, and Escherichia coli
      carbamyl phosphate synthetase. The strongest cross-reactivity was observed
      between carbamyl phosphate synthetases I and III. These findings indicate at
      least partial structural homology among the various synthetases and constitute
      the first demonstration of such a relationship among the enzymes.

PMID- 6363406
TI  - Selective tryptic cleavage of native cytoplasmic aspartate transaminase
      holoenzyme.
AB  - The cytoplasmic isozyme of aspartate transaminase is inactivated by trypsin due
      to loss of a 19-residue peptide from the NH2-terminal region. A second peptide
      bond at Arg-25 is then cleaved by trypsin leaving a residual core protein,
      transaminase 26-412. Inactivation by trypsin resembles that for the mitochondrial
      enzyme (Sandmeier, E., and Christen, P. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 10284-10289),
      yet occurs 10 times faster for the cytoplasmic isozyme. In the mitochondrial
      enzyme, trypsin cleavage produces equal concentrations of proteins missing the
      first 26 and 31 amino acids. Sequence variation in the NH2-terminal regions can
      explain such differences. Specifically, the mitochondrial NH2 terminus has no
      trypsin-susceptible residue at position 19 and is stabilized by an electrostatic
      interaction between Asp-15 and Arg-292, whereas position 15 is a valyl residue in
      the cytoplasmic enzyme. Calorimetric data reveal both a decreased transition
      temperature (Td) and enthalpy (delta Hd) of denaturation in transaminases 20-412
      and 26-412. Interaction of substrates with the active site chromophore and
      differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) reveal that catalytically inactive
      transaminases 20-412 and 26-412 can bind amino acid substrates and produce
      spectroscopically detectable conversion of the pyridoxal to the pyridoxamine form
      of the protein. By contrast, substrate analogs only form enzymatic Michaelis-type
      complexes.

PMID- 6363407
TI  - Trypsin modification of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase.
AB  - A trypsin-modified form of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase has been
      isolated, purified, and characterized. The native enzyme, previously thought to
      be resistant to proteases, shows a loss of 20% of its activity after a 30-min
      exposure to 10% trypsin. No further loss is seen after 3 h; this is in contrast
      to the apoenzyme which loses essentially all restorable activity (addition of
      saturating Zn(II) and Mg(II) restores activity to the apoenzyme) when exposed to
      trypsin. Under these conditions, a single major peptide is produced, cleaved at
      the Arg-10 Ala-11 bond, which is purified using a chromatographic technique that
      separates proteins according to their pI (chromatofocusing). This modified
      alkaline phosphatase has a Vmax of 2000 mumol/h/mg (1 M Tris, pH 8.0, 20 degrees
      C, 1 mM p-nitrophenolphosphate) which is 22% less than the Vmax for the native
      enzyme. The Km for p-nitrophenolphosphate is lower for trypsin-modified alkaline
      phosphatase than for the native enzyme, 1.9 X 10(-5) and 4 X 10(-5) M,
      respectively. The KI for Pi for the native enzyme is 1.5 X 10(-5) M and for
      trypsin-modified alkaline phosphatase is 1 X 10(-5) M, suggesting that the
      reduction in Vmax is due to a reduction in the rate constant for Pi dissociation.
      Differential scanning calorimetry results indicate differences in the stabilities
      of the two species. The trypsin-modified alkaline phosphatase has a Tm of 90
      degrees C which is lower than that for the reconstituted apoenzyme (93.5 degrees
      C) or for the native enzyme (98.5 degrees C). This modified form of alkaline
      phosphatase may prove to be valuable in studies concerning subunit interactions
      in this system as the deleted decapeptide occurs at the subunit interface region
      in the native structure.

PMID- 6363408
TI  - Apolipoprotein, an intermediate in the processing of the major lipoprotein of the
      Escherichia coli outer membrane.
AB  - A new intermediate (apolipoprotein) in the synthesis of the major lipoprotein of
      the Escherichia coli outer membrane has been identified. The accumulation of this
      new form of the lipoprotein was observed when excessive production of lipoprotein
      was induced or when the membrane fraction containing the prolipoprotein
      accumulated in the presence of globomycin was incubated at 60 degrees C. The new
      form of the lipoprotein could be chased into the mature lipoprotein. In addition,
      from sequential analysis of this new protein by Edman degradation, the NH2
      terminus was found to be cysteine, containing a free unmodified amino group and a
      glyceride-modified sulfhydryl group. These results indicate that this protein is
      an intermediate in the conversion of glyceride-modified prolipoprotein to the
      mature lipoprotein. It is believed that the lipoprotein signal peptidase directly
      cleaves the lipoprotein signal peptide at the peptide bond between the glycine
      residue at position 20 and the cysteine residue at position 21 of the
      prolipoprotein. The resulting intermediate, designated here as apolipoprotein, is
      subsequently acylated at its free amino group to yield the final mature
      lipoprotein.

PMID- 6363409
TI  - Characterization of the Escherichia coli SSB-113 mutant single-stranded DNA
      binding protein. Cloning of the gene, DNA and protein sequence analysis, high
      pressure liquid chromatography peptide mapping, and DNA-binding studies.
AB  - The ssb-113 (formerly lexC113) gene encoding a mutant single-stranded DNA binding
      protein (SSB) has been cloned into plasmid pSC101 resulting in 5- to 10-fold more
      mutant protein than strains carrying only one (chromosomal) copy of the gene.
      Analysis of tryptic and chymotryptic peptides of the mutant protein by high
      pressure liquid chromatography and solid phase protein sequencing has shown that
      the ssb-113 mutation results in the substitution of serine for proline at residue
      176 of SSB. This change could only occur in one step by a C leads to T transition
      in the DNA sequence. Physicochemical studies of the homogeneous mutant protein
      have shown that it binds as well as wild type SSB to single-stranded DNA and that
      it is a slightly better helix-destabilizing protein than wild type SSB as
      measured by its ability to lower the thermal melting transition of poly[d(A-T)].
      In vivo studies of ssb-113 strains carrying the cloned ssb-113 gene in pSC101
      have shown that overproduction of the mutant protein does not complement the
      temperature-sensitive conditional lethality caused by the ssb-113 mutation when
      present in single gene copy in contrast to effects recently observed in ssb-1
      strains overproducing the ssb-1 encoded protein (Chase, J. W., Murphy, J. B.,
      Whittier, R. F., Lorensen, E., and Sninsky, J. J. (1983) J. Mol. Biol. 164, 193
      211). Also noted in this report are two corrections to the DNA sequence of wild
      type SSB, one of which places glycine (codon GGC) at residue 133 rather than
      serine as previously reported (Sancar, A., Williams, K. R., Chase, J. W., and
      Rupp, W. D. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 4274-4278). The second
      correction to the DNA sequence is in the serine 39 codon, previously reported to
      be TCA and now correctly shown to be TCC.

PMID- 6363410
TI  - Physicochemical and kinetic properties of acid phosphatase from Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae.
AB  - Acid phosphatase from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was purified, and its
      physicochemical and kinetic properties were investigated. The sedimentation
      coefficient has been determined to be s0(20,w) = 13.6 S. The diffusion constant
      has been found to be 3.9 X 10(-7) cm2s-1, and the calculated partial specific
      volume was v = 0.663 cm3/g. From these data, a molecular weight of 252,000 was
      calculated. Electrophoresis on gel slabs, with a linear concentration gradient of
      polyacrylamide (4-30%), showed size heterogeneity of the native enzyme
      preparation and indicated an apparent molecular weight in the range of 170,000 to
      360,000. In the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, the molecular weight was in
      the range of 82,000 to 165,000, indicating dimeric structure of the native
      enzyme, which was confirmed by cross-linking experiments. Isoelectric focusing
      demonstrated charge heterogeneity of enzyme preparation. From CD spectrum it was
      calculated that the enzyme contains about 29% of alpha-helical structure.
      Excitation at 278 nm gave an emission fluorescence spectrum with a maximum at 340
      nm. Amino acid analysis revealed a high content of aspartic acid, serine, and
      threonine. Glycine is found as the NH2-terminal amino acid. Initial velocity
      dependence on substrate concentration, as well as on pH, and thermostability
      studies indicated the presence of at least two enzyme forms in the preparation.

PMID- 6363411
TI  - Human malaria parasite adenosine deaminase. Characterization in host enzyme
      deficient erythrocyte culture.
AB  - Human malaria infected erythrocytes show a dramatic increase in adenosine
      deaminase activity in vitro. Using recently developed culture techniques,
      adenosine deaminase-deficient human erythrocytes were infected in vitro with the
      major human pathogen Plasmodium falciparum. Adenosine deaminase activity was
      undetectable in the uninfected host red cells, but increased by 2-fold over
      normal levels in these cells with an 8% parasitemia. The enzyme in these cells
      appeared unique in that its activity was markedly elevated over that of other
      parasite purine enzymes, was not cross-reactive with antibody against human
      erythrocyte adenosine deaminase, and though inhibited competitively by
      deoxycoformycin was relatively insensitive to erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)
      adenine. The use of adenosine deaminase-deficient erythrocytes for the in vitro
      cultivation of Plasmodium provides a unique system for the study of parasite
      enzyme and allows further insight into the purine metabolism of the
      intraerythrocytic malaria parasite.

PMID- 6363412
TI  - Location of a structural gene for xylose-H+ symport at 91 min on the linkage map
      of Escherichia coli K12.
AB  - Mutations in the xylose-H+ transport activity of Escherichia coli K12 were
      isolated using Mud(ApRlac). The initial selection was for simultaneous
      acquisition of ampicillin and xylose resistance in an fda background. Colonies
      were then screened for xylose-inducible beta-galactosidase and for growth on
      xylose of their fda+ derivatives. Two of the xylose-positive derivatives were
      shown to be impaired in xylose-H+ symport in whole cells and in xylose transport
      into subcellular vesicles. Their xylose transport in whole cells showed increased
      sensitivity to arsenate. The site of prophage insertion was mapped to 91.4 min on
      the E. coli genome between pgi and malB. It is proposed that the gene for the
      xylose-H+ symport system be called xylE.

PMID- 6363414
TI  - Yeast cytochrome P-450 catalyzing lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylation. I.
      Purification and spectral properties.
AB  - A form of cytochrome P-450 catalyzing lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylation
      (tentatively called "P-450(14)DM") was purified from microsomes of semi
      anaerobically grown cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to gel electrophoretic
      homogeneity. An apparent monomeric Mr = 58,000 was estimated for the purified
      cytochrome by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both
      optical and EPR spectra of oxidized P-450(14)DM are characteristic of low spin
      ferric heme proteins, and its reduced CO complex showed a Soret absorption peak
      at 447 nm. As in the case of hepatic microsomal cytochromes P-450, the ethyl
      isocyanide complex of reduced P-450(14)DM was in a pH-dependent equilibrium
      between two states having Soret peaks at 429 and 453 nm, the equilibrium being
      considerably shifted toward the 453-nm state. Oxidized P-450(14)DM was peculiar
      in that in its CD spectrum there was a negative shoulder at 425 nm and the 350-
      and 414-nm troughs possessed larger and relatively smaller [theta] values,
      respectively, than those reported for other low spin ferric cytochromes P-450.
      Lanosterol was the only compound which caused a Type I spectral change in
      oxidized P-450(14)DM. The lanosterol-induced low to high spin state change was,
      however, only slight even at saturating concentrations of the sterol, indicating
      that the lanosterol-P-450(14)DM adduct was in a spin state equilibrium.

PMID- 6363413
TI  - Kinetic measurements of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase association with
      bacteriophage T7 early promoters.
AB  - During infection of Escherichia coli by bacteriophage T7, E. coli RNA polymerase
      utilizes only three promoters (A1, A2, and A3). In vitro, the A promoters
      predominate at very low polymerase concentration, but at higher polymerase
      concentration the minor B, C, D, and E promoters are used with equal efficiency.
      The binding constant for the initial association of polymerase with promoters and
      the forward rate of isomerization to an "open" complex capable of initiation have
      been measured for the A1, A3, C, and D promoters using the abortive initiation
      reaction. At 80 mM KCl, 37 degrees C, both major and minor promoters isomerize
      rapidly (t1/2 = 10 to 30 s). In contrast, initial binding to the minor promoters
      (KI = 10(7) ) is at least 10-fold weaker than binding to major promoters KI
      greater than or equal to 10(8) ), suggesting promoter selectivity in the T7
      system occurs at the point of initial binding. Association kinetics of the A1 and
      C promoters on intact T7 were the same as measured on restriction fragments of
      length greater than or equal to 500 base pairs. All open complexes dissociated
      with half-lives longer than 1 h. Overall equilibrium binding constants estimated
      from kinetic measurements ranged from 10(10) to greater than or equal to 10(11) M
      1 for minor and major promoters, respectively. Data on heparin attack and
      abortive initiation turnover rates indicate open complex polymerase conformation
      may be different at the A1 and A3 promoters.

PMID- 6363415
TI  - 2,4-Dienoyl coenzyme A reductases from bovine liver and Escherichia coli.
      Comparison of properties.
AB  - 2,4-Dienoyl-CoA reductases, enzymes of the beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty
      acids which were purified from bovine liver and oleate-induced cells of
      Escherichia coli, revealed very similar substrate specificities but distinctly
      different molecular properties. The subunit molecular weights, estimated by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were 32,000 and 73,000
      for the mammalian and the bacterial enzyme, respectively. The native molecular
      weights, calculated from sedimentation coefficients and Stokes radii yielded
      124,000 for the bovine liver and 70,000 for the bacterial enzyme. Thus, bovine
      liver 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase is a tetramer consisting of four identical
      subunits. The E. coli 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase, however, possesses a monomeric
      structure. The latter enzyme contains 1 mol of FAD/mol of enzyme, whereas the
      former reductase is not a flavoprotein. The bovine liver reductase reduced 2
      trans, 4-cis- and 2-trans,4-trans-decadienoyl-CoA to 3-trans-decenoyl-CoA. The E.
      coli reductase catalyzed the reduction of the same two substrates but in contrast
      yielded 2-trans-decenoyl-CoA as reaction product. Certain other properties of the
      two 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductases are also presented. The localization of the
      reductase step within the degradation pathway of 4-cis-decenoyl-CoA, a metabolite
      of linoleic acid, is discussed.

PMID- 6363416
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to heterogeneous nuclear RNA-protein complexes. The core
      proteins comprise a conserved group of related polypeptides.
AB  - Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies that react with heterogeneous nuclear
      ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) core proteins have been isolated by immunizing BALB/c
      mice with RNP particles isolated from chicken and screening the fusion products
      with mouse RNP complexes. The antibodies show varying affinities for the hnRNP
      core proteins that have been blotted onto nitrocellulose. The majority of the
      immunoglobulins react with all the core group proteins although several recognize
      subsets of the hnRNP polypeptides. The clones are specific for different
      antigenic determinants as shown by their inability to compete with one another
      for binding sites. A mild proteolytic digestion of hnRNP proteins generates
      fragments that have uniformly lost 12 kDa and contain the antigenic determinants
      recognized by several of the monoclonal antibodies. Thus, it appears the core
      proteins comprise a family of related polypeptides possessing underlying
      structural similarities. Polypeptides similar in number and molecular weights
      that have antigenic determinants cross-reactive with those of mouse RNP have been
      found in a number of organisms, thereby emphasizing their possible common
      structure and function in higher eukaryotes. No difference in the distribution
      within the cell of individual or groups of core proteins has so far been detected
      by indirect immunofluorescence.

PMID- 6363418
TI  - Promoter selectivity of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. Differential stringent
      control of the multiple promoters from ribosomal RNA and protein operons.
AB  - Using the in vitro mixed transcription system (Kajitani, M., and Ishihama, A.
      (1983) Nucleic Acids Res. 11, 671-686; Kajitani, M., and Ishihama, A. (1983)
      Nucleic Acids Res., 11, 3873-3889) we examined the effect of guanosine 3'
      diphosphate, 5'-diphosphate (ppGpp), the chemical mediator of stringent control,
      on transcription of various Escherichia coli DNA fragments, each carrying a
      single specific promoter. We found that ppGpp inhibits transcription of
      stringently controlled genes, rrnE, rpsA, and rplJ, coding for ribosomal RNA,
      ribosomal protein S1 and L10, respectively, but not that of trp (tryptophan) and
      lacUV5 (lactose) genes. Among the multiple promoters of the rrnE and rpsA
      operons, the upstream promoters, rrnEp1 and rpsAp1, are subject to repression by
      ppGpp but the downstream promoters, rrnEp2 and rpsAp3, are insensitive. Taking
      these facts and the intrinsic strength of the respective promoters together, we
      suggest that the multiple promoters within the single and same operons play
      different physiological roles and are regulated by independent mechanisms. The
      inhibition by ppGpp takes place even after formation of open complexes,
      suggesting that the RNA polymerase bound to the sensitive promoters is accessible
      for interaction with ppGpp leading to rapid decay of the open complexes. During
      this study, we noticed that some promoters including recAp are activated in the
      presence of ppGpp, raising a possibility that ppGpp has dual effects on the
      promoter function.

PMID- 6363417
TI  - Turnover of the 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group of acyl carrier protein.
AB  - Acyl carrier protein is an essential cofactor in fatty acid biosynthesis, and in
      contrast to the stability of the protein moiety during growth, its 4'
      phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is metabolically active. The biosynthetic
      incorporation of deuterium into nonexchangeable positions of acyl carrier protein
      was found to enhance the sensitivity of the protein to pH-induced hydrodynamic
      expansion. This constitutional isotope effect was exploited to separate
      deuterated from normal acyl carrier protein by conformationally sensitive gel
      electrophoresis, thus providing the analytical framework for separating pre
      existing (deuterated) from newly synthesized acyl carrier protein in pulse-chase
      experiments. The rate of acyl carrier protein prosthetic group turnover was found
      to depend on the intracellular concentration of coenzyme A. At low coenzyme A
      levels, prosthetic group turnover was four times faster than the rate of new acyl
      carrier protein biosynthesis but at the higher coenzyme A concentrations
      characteristic of logarithmic growth, turnover was an order of magnitude slower,
      amounting to approximately 25% of the acyl carrier protein pool per generation.
      These observations suggest that the acyl carrier protein prosthetic group
      turnover cycle may be related to coenzyme A metabolism rather than to lipid
      biosynthesis.

PMID- 6363419
TI  - Causes of increased survival of patients with osteosarcoma: current
      controversies.

PMID- 6363420
TI  - Reconstruction of proximal femoral defects with a vascular-pedicled graft.
AB  - A new method of treating large bony defects of the proximal femur is described.
      The defect is filled with a large vascular-pedicled bone graft from the iliac
      crest. The graft, being nourished by the deep circumflex iliac vessels, remains
      viable and therefore induces rapid healing of the bone. This method of bony
      replacement encourages adequate excision of potentially malignant bone lesions
      and provides sufficient mechanical support to allow early walking. Six clinical
      cases are presented to illustrate its application.

PMID- 6363421
TI  - Is conservative treatment of displaced tibial shaft fractures justified?
AB  - All tibial shaft fractures treated at one hospital during a five-year period were
      studied in a prospective trial. Ninety-one displaced fractures in adults were
      treated using a conservative policy that included early bone grafting when
      indicated. Sound bony union was obtained in all cases. Those that healed
      primarily took on average 16.3 weeks whereas the 24 per cent that required bone
      grafts took 35.1 weeks. The number of complications, most of which were minor,
      was considered acceptable. It is concluded that provided early bone grafting is
      performed when necessary, a basically conservative policy of treatment is
      satisfactory; bony union of all displaced tibial fractures is achieved in a
      reasonable period of time.

PMID- 6363422
TI  - Synthesis and assembly of the cytoskeleton of Naegleria gruberi flagellates.
AB  - When Naegleria gruberi flagellates were extracted with nonionic detergent and
      stained by the indirect immunofluorescence method with AA-4.3 (a monoclonal
      antibody against Naegleria beta-tubulin), flagella and a network of cytoskeletal
      microtubules (CSMT) were seen. When Naegleria amebae were examined in the same
      way, no cytoplasmic tubulin-containing structures were seen. Formation of the
      flagellate cytoskeleton was followed during the differentiation of amebae into
      flagellates by staining cells with AA-4.3. The first tubulin containing
      structures were a few cytoplasmic microtubules that formed at the time amebae
      rounded up into spherical cells. The formation of these microtubules was followed
      by the appearance of basal bodies and flagella and then by the formation of the
      CSMT. The CSMT formed before the cells assumed the flagellate shape. In
      flagellate shaped cells the CSMT radiate from the base of the flagella and follow
      a curving path the full length of the cell. Protein synthetic requirements for
      the formation of CSMT were examined by transferring cells to cycloheximide at
      various times after initiation. One-half the population completed the protein
      synthesis essential for formation of CSMT 61 min after initiation of the
      differentiation. This is 10 min after the time when protein synthesis for
      formation of flagella is completed and 10-15 min before the time when the protein
      synthesis necessary for formation of the flagellate shape is completed.

PMID- 6363423
TI  - Changes in the distribution of the 34-kdalton tyrosine kinase substrate during
      differentiation and maturation of chicken tissues.
AB  - We examined the distribution of the 34-kilodalton (34-kD) tyrosine kinase
      substrate in tissues of adult and embryonic chicken using both a mouse monoclonal
      antibody and a rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against the affinity purified 34
      kD protein. We analyzed the localization by immunoblotting of tissue extracts, by
      immunofluorescence staining of frozen tissue sections, and by staining sections
      of paraffin-embedded organs by the peroxidase antiperoxidase method. The 34-kD
      protein was present in a variety of cells, including epithelial cells of the
      skin, gastrointestinal, and respiratory tracts, as well as in fibroblasts and
      chondrocytes of connective tissue and mature cartilage, and endothelial cells of
      blood vessels. The 34-kD protein was also found in subpopulations of cells in
      thymus, spleen, bone marrow, and bursa. The protein was not detected in cardiac,
      skeletal, or smooth muscle cells, nor in epithelial cells of liver, kidney,
      pancreas, and several other glands. Although most neuronal cells did not contain
      the 34-kD protein, some localized brain regions did contain detectable amounts of
      this protein. The 34-kD protein was not detected in actively dividing cells of a
      number of tissues. Changes in the distribution of the 34-kD protein were observed
      during the differentiation or maturation of cells in several tissues including
      epithelial cells of the skin and gastrointestinal tract, fibroblasts of
      connective tissue, and chondroblasts.

PMID- 6363424
TI  - Participation of calcium and calmodulin in the formation of acetylcholine
      receptor clusters.
AB  - The formation of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clusters can be experimentally
      induced in cultured Xenopus myotomal muscle cells by positive polypeptide-coated
      latex beads (Peng, H.B., P.-C. Cheng, and P.W. Luther, 1981, Nature [Lond.],
      292:831-834). This provides a simple procedure for studying the cellular process
      of AChR clustering. In this study, the involvement of calcium and calmodulin in
      this process was examined. A deprivation in extracellular calcium by calcium-free
      medium or by the addition of calcium antagonists such as divalent cations Co2+
      and Ni2+ (1-5 mM) or organic compounds verapamil and D-600 (0.1-0.5 mM)
      suppressed the formation of AChR clusters induced by the latex beads in a largely
      reversible manner. Antagonists against calmodulin, including trifluoperazine (1-5
      microM) and the naphthalene sulfonamide W-7 (20 microM), also suppressed AChR
      clustering. However, the effect of W-7 was much weaker than that of
      trifluoperazine (TFP). Although the formation of AChR clusters is inhibited by
      these drugs, the stability of the existent clusters is relatively insensitive to
      them. These data suggest that the clustering of AChR involves a Ca2+ and
      calmodulin-activated process. Immunofluorescence studies using an antibody
      against calmodulin indicate that calmodulin is diffusely distributed in the
      cytoplasm in addition to its localization at the I-bands. Thus I propose that a
      local rise in intracellular calcium caused by a locally applied stimulus,
      exemplified here by the polypeptide-coated latex beads, may trigger the formation
      of AChR clusters. Furthermore, the cellular machinery for this process may
      involve calmodulin and is diffusely distributed in the muscle cell.

PMID- 6363425
TI  - Structure and transmembrane nature of the acetylcholine receptor in amphibian
      skeletal muscle as revealed by cross-reacting monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - A collection of 126 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) made against acetylcholine
      receptors (AChRs) from the electric organs of Torpedo californica or
      Electrophorus electricus was tested for cross-reactivity with AChRs in cryostat
      sections of skeletal muscle from Rana pipiens and Xenopus laevis by indirect
      immunofluorescence. 49 mAbs (39%) cross-reacted with AChRs from Rana, and 25 mAbs
      (20%) cross-reacted with AChRs from Xenopus. mAbs specific for each of the four
      subunits of electric organ AChR (alpha, beta, gamma, delta) cross-reacted with
      AChRs from each amphibian species. mAbs cross-reacting with Xenopus AChRs were,
      with one exception, a subset of the mAbs cross-reacting with Rana AChRs. The
      major difference detected between the two species was in binding by mAbs specific
      for the main immunogenic region (MIR) of the alpha-subunit. Whereas 22 of 33 anti
      MIR mAbs tested cross-reacted with Rana AChRs, only one of these mAbs cross
      reacted with Xenopus AChRs. Some (32) of the cross-reacting mAbs were tested for
      binding to AChRs in intact muscle. 21 of these mAbs bound to AChRs only when
      membranes were made permeable with saponin. Electron microscopy using
      immunoperoxidase or colloidal gold techniques revealed that these mAbs recognize
      cytoplasmic determinants and that mAbs that do not require saponin in order to
      bind AChRs in intact muscle recognize extracellular determinants. These results
      suggest that AChRs in skeletal muscle of Rana and Xenopus are composed of
      subunits corresponding to the alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-subunits of AChRs
      from fish electric organs. The subunit specificity of mAbs whose binding was
      examined by electron microscopy suggests that parts of each subunit (alpha, beta,
      gamma, delta) are exposed on the cytoplasmic surface and that, as in AChRs from
      fish electric organs and mammalian muscle, the MIR on alpha-subunits of Rana
      AChRs is exposed on the extracellular surface.

PMID- 6363427
TI  - Bud formation by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is directly dependent on
      "start".
AB  - Cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which bear a cdc4 gene mutation,
      arrest early in the cell cycle but continue to produce buds in a periodic
      fashion. We show here that this periodic bud formation by cells already arrested
      at the CDC4 step is inhibited if the cell cycle regulatory step "start" is also
      specifically blocked by mutation or by the presence of the yeast mating pheromone
      alpha-factor. Thus, the characteristic periodic bud formation by cdc4 mutant
      cells requires the continued ability to perform start. This finding raises
      questions concerning the nature of start; these issues are discussed.

PMID- 6363426
TI  - Generation of flagella by cultured mouse spermatids.
AB  - During the short-term culturing of mouse spermatogenic cells, flagella were
      generated by round spermatids previously lacking tails. Unseparated germ cells
      were obtained by enzymatic treatments and round spermatids (greater than 90%
      pure) were purified by unit gravity sedimentation. As determined by Nomarski or
      phase-contrast microscopy, no cells had flagella immediately after isolation;
      flagella were first clearly detected after 6 1/2 h of culture in Eagle's minimal
      essential medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and 6 mM lactate. After 24 h,
      approximately 20% of round spermatids had formed flagella. Multinucleated round
      spermatids often formed multiple flagella, the number never exceeding the number
      of nuclei per symplast. Round spermatids were the only spermatogenic cells
      capable of tail formation. Flagella elongation was blocked by 1 microM
      demecolcine, an inhibitor of tubulin polymerization. Indirect immunofluorescence
      localized tubulin in the flagella. As seen by scanning electron microscopy,
      flagella developed as early as 2 h after culture and continued to elongate over
      the next 20 h, reaching lengths of at least 19 micron. Transmission electron
      microscopy demonstrated that flagella formed in culture resembled flagella from
      Golgi-phase round spermatids in situ; the flagella consisted of "9+2" axonemes
      lacking other accessory structures such as outer dense fibers and the fibrous
      sheath. As determined by acridine orange staining of the developing acrosomes,
      all spermatids that formed flagella in culture were Golgi-phase spermatids. By
      these criteria, the structures are indeed true flagella, corresponding in
      appearance to what others have described for early mammalian spermatid flagella
      in situ. We believe this is the first substantiated report of limited in vitro
      differentiation by isolated mammalian spermatids.

PMID- 6363428
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of microtubule-associated protein 1 in rat
      cerebellum using monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies showed that microtubule
      associated protein 1 (MAP1) has a restricted cellular distribution in the rat
      cerebellum. Anti-MAP1 staining was found only in neurons, where it was much
      stronger in dendrites than in axons. There were striking variations in the
      apparent concentration of MAP1 in different classes of neurons. Purkinje cells
      were the most strongly labeled, while granule cell neurons gave a faint,
      threshold-level reaction with the antibody. The reaction of Golgi neurons was
      intermediate between these two extremes. Equivalent results were obtained using
      two different methods of tissue preparation. Thus MAP1 appears to be a neuron
      specific protein that is highly concentrated in dendrites and occurs at markedly
      different levels in different types of neurons. These observations provide
      further indications of heterogeneity among brain microtubules.

PMID- 6363429
TI  - Glycoproteins of the AKR leukaemia cell surface and their relevance to leukaemia
      specific surface antigens.
AB  - An attempt has been made to prepare antibodies against leukaemia-specific surface
      antigens by immunizing (C57 B1/6 X C3H/He)F1 mice with formaldehyde-stabilized
      AKR leukaemic cells. The presence of antibodies was examined by indirect
      immunofluorescence microscopy (IFM) and the indirect antiglobulin rosetting
      reaction (IARR). Galactose oxidase treatment destroyed the ability of leukaemic
      cells to react with antibodies prepared in the hybrid mice, an effect that was
      reversed by treating the enzyme-modified cells with borohydride. Analysis by
      immunoprecipitation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of leukaemic cells,
      labelled by the galactose oxidase/[3H]-NaBH4 technique, indicated that a group of
      glycoproteins of apparent molecular weight greater than 70 000 was involved.
      Antibodies could be raised in AKR mice to the same group of glycoproteins by
      immunization with irradiated leukaemic cells or irradiated neuraminidase-treated
      leukaemic cells. The level of antibody raised in AKR mice had no effect on the
      growth of leukaemic lymphoblasts introduced subcutaneously into the host.
      Antibodies prepared in hybrid mice against leukaemic cells also were absorbed by
      lymphoid cells of pre-leukaemic 6-month-old AKR mice, indicating that contrary to
      previous claims in the literature antigens detected by such antisera are not
      related to malignancy. Hybrid mouse serum cross-reacted with antigens from
      purified RNA virus isolated from Abelson lymphoma, as demonstrated by the
      immunoelectrophoretic blotting technique. The pattern of reactivity was not
      appreciably altered following the absorption of antibodies directed against
      leukaemic cells. It is concluded that the glycoproteins detected by us may not be
      viral antigens but normal high molecular weight lymphoid glycoproteins with
      altered glycosylation patterns that are induced when the viral genomes are
      expressed.

PMID- 6363430
TI  - Residual cell division measurements are unreliable as indicators of the timing of
      events in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle.
AB  - We report here an analysis of the execution point of the temperature-sensitive
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle mutant, cdc27-47. When a logarithmically
      growing culture was shifted from standard growth conditions (strain 27.8B growing
      in YEPD at 25 degrees C) to the restrictive temperature cell division ceased
      abruptly and reproducibly within one population doubling time, the extent of cell
      division indicating an execution point early in the cell cycle. Approximately 50%
      of stationary-phase cells were able to divide when refed with fresh medium at 37
      degrees C, showing that the execution point could be passed before 'start'. This
      makes the sharp cut-off in cell division difficult to explain. This difficulty
      was compounded by observations of the cell cycle stage at which individual cells
      acquired the capacity to divide at 37 degrees C. Half the cells that were budded
      at the time of a temperature shift-up formed three division-blocked cells, and in
      11 of these 13 cases, two were descended from the original mother cell and one
      from the original bud. Thus, mother and daughter cells pass the execution point
      independently; daughters usually during G1, and mothers usually in the budded
      phase of the previous cycle. The sharp cut-off in cell division is therefore
      spurious, and a mechanism is proposed to account for it, which has implications
      for the interpretation of the execution points of other cdc mutants. In addition,
      the expression of the cdc27-47 execution point was modified by both genetic and
      environmental factors, being affected by carbon source, by the petite condition,
      and by genetic background. This illustrates the difficulties of interpreting
      execution point data and the dangers of extrapolation of cell cycle parameters
      between strains and growth conditions.

PMID- 6363431
TI  - Plasma membrane-associate filament systems in cultured cells visualized by dry
      cleaving.
AB  - Substrate-attached critical-point-dried cells cleave along the level of the
      substrate-adherent membrane if removed by means of adhesive tape. The remaining
      membrane fragments on grids can be visualized three-dimensionally by means of
      stereo transmission electron microscopy. Attachment of cells may be achieved by
      active spreading of the cell, or artificially by poly-L-lysine adherence of
      prefixed cells. In 11 different cell types a filamentous network appears to
      remain associated with the cytoplasmic face of the membrane. In one hepatoma cell
      type virtually no filamentous network could be detected. Two general network
      morphologies are described: the hepatocytic network and the lymphoid network.
      Since no correspondence could be found between cytoplasmic structure and the
      structure of the membrane-associated network, and since cells generally cleave
      along the level of this network, excluding cell organelles, we conclude that it
      comprises a distinct structural system, analogous to the membrane skeleton of the
      red cell membrane.

PMID- 6363432
TI  - Accumulation of prostacyclin in rat brain during haemorrhagic hypotension-
      possible role of PGI2 in autoregulation.
AB  - The effect of haemorrhagic hypotension on the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2),
      thromboxane B2 (TXB2), and 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) in
      cortical tissue of rats was studied. Lightly anesthetized rats were subjected to
      steady-state hypotension for 15 min, with a mean arterial blood pressure of 80,
      60, and 40 mm Hg, and compared to a control group of normotensive rats. No
      significant change was found in the levels of PGE2 and TXB2. The level of 6-keto
      PGF1 alpha increased from 7.8 +/- 0.9 to 14.1 +/- 1.9 pg/mg protein (p less than
      0.02) at 80 mm Hg. Our findings suggest that prostacyclin, which is a potent
      vasodilator, might play a role in setting the lower limit of the autoregulation
      range.

PMID- 6363433
TI  - An evaluation of errors in the determination of blood flow by the indicator
      fractionation and tissue equilibration (Kety) methods.
AB  - In this report, the effects of various errors and plasma time courses of
      indicator concentration on the accurate determination of cerebral blood flow (F)
      are theoretically analyzed for the tissue equilibration and the indicator
      fractionation techniques. For the indicator fractionation technique, the impact
      of sample timing and tissue assaying errors and of indicator backflux were
      examined; for the tissue equilibration method, errors in the value of the
      partition coefficient (lambda), sample timing, and tissue assaying were
      considered. The recommended ways to decrease the effects of errors in the
      indicator fractionation technique are to administer the indicator by an
      intravenous bolus and to sample the tissue about 10 s thereafter. Possible errors
      in the assessment of F by the tissue equilibration technique are diminished by
      using an indicator infusion schedule which yields a continuous rise in arterial
      concentration and by selecting a 30-s experiment duration. Surprisingly, the
      impact of sample timing errors is greater on the determination of F with the
      tissue equilibration method than with the indicator fractionation technique. For
      the chosen plasma time courses, there is always a backflux error in an indicator
      fractionation estimation of F, and this error increases as the flow rate
      increases. Thus, provided the sample timing and tissue assay errors are small and
      the value of lambda is known, the tissue equilibration method is the more
      accurate of the two. If lambda is unknown, then the indicator fractionation
      technique should be used. In many cases, the indicator fractionation method will
      provide as accurate an estimate of F as will the tissue equilibration method.

PMID- 6363434
TI  - Effects of 10 days administration of percutaneous dihydrotestosterone on the
      pituitary-testicular axis in normal men.
AB  - Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was administered percutaneously in a dose of 125 mg
      twice daily for 10 days to 12 normal men. Basal plasma levels of testosterone
      (T), 17 beta-estradiol (E2), and LH were measured every 2 days in these men and
      every 5 days in subjects from a control group receiving placebo. The daytime
      course of plasma hormone levels between two DHT applications was studied in six
      men. LRH tests were performed in nine men before and on day 10 of DHT
      administration. Plasma levels of free T and free E2, and T - E-binding globulin
      capacity and affinity were measured in six men before and on days 5 and 10 of DHT
      administration. Before DHT administration, there was no difference in basal
      plasma levels of T, DHT, E2, and LH between the control and the DHT-treated
      group. In the latter group, plasma DHT levels increased sharply from 0.52 +/- (+/
      SE) to 3.70 +/- 0.92 ng/ml on day 2 (P less than 0.001) during DHT treatment.
      Plasma T, E2, and LH levels decreased significantly from 7.33 +/- 0.74 to 1.33 +/
      0.54 ng/ml (P less than 0.001), from 46 +/- 5 to 20 +/- 3 pg/ml (P less than
      0.01), and from 7.8 +/- 1 to 4.2 mIU/ml (P less than 0.05), respectively. Except
      for a small decrease in plasma DHT (P less than 0.05) 12 h after the previous DHT
      application, hormone levels were stable during the time between the two DHT
      treatments. The responses of LH and FSH to LRH were not different before and on
      day 10 of DHT administration. Plasma levels of free T and free E2 as well as
      those of total T and E2 decreased; however, the percentages of unbound T and E2
      were not different before and during DHT administration. T - E-binding globulin
      capacity and affinity were not modified by DHT administration. Changes in plasma
      DHT levels were negatively correlated with those in The results of this study
      demonstrate that 10-days DHT administration has an inhibitory effect on the
      hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular axis in normal men.

PMID- 6363436
TI  - Endogenous prostacyclin synthesis is decreased during activation of the renin
      angiotensin system in man.
AB  - Prostacyclin has been implicated as a mediator of renin release, whereas
      angiotensin II evokes prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) release from both vascular and
      nonvascular tissues in vitro. The physiological significance of these
      observations was assessed by measurement of an index of endogenous prostacyclin
      biosynthesis in human volunteers during varied activation of the renin
      angiotensin system secondary to manipulation of dietary sodium. Excretion of the
      major urinary metabolite of prostacyclin in man, 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha (PGI
      M), fell from 295 +/- 51 to 176 +/- 35 (+/- SEM) ng g creatinine-1 (P less than
      0.01) in 10 normal subjects when sodium intake was decreased from 150 to 10
      meq/day. In five patients with primary hyperaldosteronism, PGI-M fell from 199 +/
      34 ng g creatinine-1 preoperatively to 120 +/- 26 pg/mg creatinine-1 after
      removal of the adenoma. In such patients, the reduction in PGI-M was associated
      with a significant increase in PRA. Thus, in both normal subjects and patients
      with hyperaldosteronism, PGI-M excretion fell rather than increased with
      activation of the renin-angiotensin system. This suggests that systemic
      biosynthesis of PGI2 is unrelated to renin release and that angiotensin II is
      unlikely to stimulate endogenous prostacyclin biosynthesis under these conditions
      in man.

PMID- 6363435
TI  - Influence of continuous gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist treatment
      on luteinizing hormone and testosterone secretion, the response to GnRH, and the
      testicular response to human chorionic gonadotropin in male rhesus monkeys.
AB  - Five adult male rhesus monkeys were continuously infused for 56 days with 25
      micrograms/day of GnRH agonist (Wy-40972; Ag) using an implanted osmotic pump.
      Bioassayable serum levels of LH were elevated 8-fold on the second day of Ag
      treatment and then declined precipitously to below pretreatment levels by day 15.
      Serum levels of testosterone (T) changed similarly during Ag treatment, except
      that the fall in serum LH levels preceded the decline in serum levels of T by at
      least 2 days. Ag administration also eliminated the diurnal variation in serum LH
      and T. GnRH administration (50 micrograms) induced a 13- to 20-fold rise in serum
      LH and a 3- to 7-fold increase in serum T in control monkeys. After 4 weeks of Ag
      administration , none of the animals responded to GnRH. Both control and
      experimental monkeys had a rise in serum T in response to hCG after 7 weeks of Ag
      treatment. Basal levels of LH and T returned to normal by 12 days posttreatment,
      and the serum LH and T responses to GnRH were normal 19 days posttreatment. These
      results indicate that 1) continuous administration of Ag is an effective method
      of inducing antiferility effects in male rhesus monkeys; 2) pituitary
      desensitization is a major factor involved in Ag-induced gonadal dysfunction in
      this species; and 3) the method of administration may be the critical factor in
      determining the effectiveness of GnRH agonists.

PMID- 6363437
TI  - Lack of in vivo insulin resistance in controlled insulin-dependent, type I,
      diabetic patients.
AB  - Although type I diabetic patients are clearly insulin deficient, it is unclear
      whether they have normal in vivo sensitivity to insulin. Recent studies which
      suggested that insulin resistance is a common feature of insulin-dependent
      diabetics have not taken into account their degree of metabolic control or the
      presence of circulating antibodies. In the present study, we performed multiple
      euglycemic glucose clamp studies to construct insulin dose-response curves in 5
      well controlled and 5 poorly controlled type I diabetic patients and 21 age
      matched normal subjects. Each study was performed on a separate day at insulin
      infusion rates of 15, 40, 120, 240, or 1200 mU/M2 X min. During the 40 and 120
      mU/M2 X min infusions, steady state insulin levels of 96 +/- 8 (+/- SE) and 285
      +/- 27 microU/ml respectively, were achieved within 25 min in normal subjects. In
      contrast, diabetic subjects did not achieve steady state insulin levels (62 +/- 8
      and 212 +/- 16 microU/ml) until 90 min of infusion, and insulin antibodies were
      detectable in the serum of all these patients. The dose-response curve for
      insulin stimulation of glucose disposal in well controlled diabetic subjects was
      comparable to that in normal subjects, with half-maximally effective insulin
      levels of 84 microU/ml in the diabetic patients compared to 70 microU/ml in
      normal subjects and virtually identical maximal rates of glucose disposal (433 +/
      11 vs. 411 +/- 17 mg/M2 X min in controls). In contrast, the dose-response curve
      for poorly controlled diabetic subjects was significantly right-shifted (half
      maximally effective insulin level, 112 microU/ml), with marked reduction in the
      maximal glucose disposal rate (324 +/- 25 vs. 411 +/- 17 mg/M2 X min in normal
      subjects). Basal hepatic glucose output was increased in both poorly controlled
      and well controlled type I diabetic patients (132 +/- 7 and 101 +/- 16 mg/M2 X
      min, respectively) compared to normal subjects (76 +/- 7 mg/M2 X min). However,
      during each insulin infusion, hepatic glucose output was virtually 100%
      suppressed in all 3 groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6363438
TI  - Influence of changes in insulin receptor binding during insulin infusions on the
      shape of the insulin dose-response curve for glucose disposal in man.
AB  - To determine the influence of insulin infusions used in dose-response studies on
      monocyte insulin binding, monocyte insulin binding and glucose disposal were
      measured in six normal subjects before and at the end of each of four sequential
      2-h insulin infusions (0.4, 1.0, 2.0, and 10 mU kg-1 min-1). Monocyte insulin
      binding was unaltered at the end of the first three infusions (plasma insulin, 31
      +/- 2 (SEM), 77 +/- 3, and 184 +/- 10 microU/ml) but was decreased after the last
      infusion (plasma insulin, 1730 +/- 125 microU/ml) at 0.2 through 10.2 ng/ml
      insulin concentrations in the binding assay (P less than 0.01). Using a one-site
      model, this could be ascribed to a decrease in insulin receptor affinity (1.54 +/
      0.26 vs. 2.27 +/- 0.48 X 10(8) M-1, P less than 0.05), whereas in a two-site
      model this appeared to be due to a decrease in high affinity binding sites (1,868
      +/- 228 vs. 2,387 +/- 207, P less than 0.02). Nevertheless, insulin receptor
      occupancies estimated to occur during the insulin infusions were virtually
      identical whether preinsulin infusion binding data (745 +/- 72, 1,383 +/- 117,
      2,572 +/- 302, and 10,092 +/- 1,708) or binding data at the end of each infusion
      (702 +/- 56, 1,367 +/- 150, 2,383 +/- 318, and 9,158 +/- 2,023) were used to
      calculate occupancy. These results indicate that although monocyte insulin
      binding decreased during dose-response experiments using sequential infusions of
      insulin, due to the concentrations of insulin at which this occurs this decrease
      did not alter the shape of the dose-response curve relating glucose disposal to
      monocyte insulin receptor occupancy.

PMID- 6363439
TI  - Human preovulatory follicular fluid, luteinized cells of hyperstimulated
      preovulatory follicles, and corpus luteum contain placental protein 12.
AB  - RIA gel filtration, isoelectric focusing; and immunoperoxidase staining were
      employed to study the occurrence and physicochemical characteristics of placental
      protein 12 (PP12) in the human ovary, corpus luteum, and preovulatory follicular
      fluid. Fluid aspirated from 75 follicles from 22 women hyperstimulated for in
      vitro fertilization contained 6-230 micrograms/liter PP12-like immunoreactive
      material. The dose-response curves of follicular fluid PP12, amniotic fluid PP12,
      and purified human placental PP12 were parallel in the PP12 RIA. In gel
      filtration, follicular fluid PP12 eluted in the same volume as purified PP12. The
      isoelectric point of follicular fluid PP12 was 4.9 and that of purified placental
      PP12 4.6-4.7. A positive correlation was found between follicular fluid estradiol
      and PP12, progesterone and PP12, and follicular fluid volume and PP12
      concentrations. By immunoperoxidase staining, PP12 was not detectable in
      unstimulated ovarian tissue before ovulation. In hyperstimulated preovulatory
      follicles biopsied in connection with follicle aspiration, PP12 was found in the
      granulosa cells which were luteinized (n = 3), whereas in those hyperstimulated
      follicles (n = 5) with no luteinization, no PP12 was found either. PP12 was seen
      in all corpora lutea (n = 5) from unstimulated menstrual cycles. These results
      show that the occurrence of PP12 is not limited to the placenta. The correlation
      between follicular fluid steroid and PP12 levels and the findings by
      immunoperoxidase staining suggest that PP12 is related to endocrine phenomena of
      the ovary, possibly to the luteinization process.

PMID- 6363440
TI  - Isolation of prolactin-producing cells from first and second trimester decidua.
AB  - Two cell types isolated and purified to homogeneity from human decidua obtained
      at 8-17 weeks of gestation were shown immunocytochemically to correspond to
      decidual and epithelial cells in the tissue of origin. The decidual cells reacted
      with antihuman PRL antiserum, and epithelial cells reacted with antiserum against
      keratin, an epithelial cell marker. Decidual and epithelial cells were cultured
      separately to determine their abilities to release PRL to the medium. Decidual
      cells released 140-410 ng PRL/mg protein in 24 h, whereas no PRL was detectable
      in cultures of isolated epithelial cells. These homogeneous preparations provide
      an excellent system with which to study the regulation of PRL production and
      other biochemical properties of decidual components.

PMID- 6363441
TI  - The antilipolytic action of insulin in obese subjects with resistance to its
      glucoregulatory action.
AB  - To compare the ability of insulin to regulate lipolysis in lean and obese
      subjects, free fatty acid (FFA) suppression was compared in groups of six lean
      [body mass index, 25.7 +/- 1.1 (+/-SEM) kg/m2] and six obese (body mass index,
      48.8 +/- 3.1) Pima Indians during euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps which
      increased plasma insulin levels approximately 10, 20, and 100 microU/ml above
      basal concentrations. Basal FFA concentrations were slightly, but not
      significantly, elevated in the obese group (445 +/- 35 vs. 406 +/- 40 mu
      eg/liter). The mean decline in FFA from basal after 60-90 min of insulin infusion
      in the obese group was somewhat less than that in the lean group at the lower
      doses [67 +/- 23 vs. 132 +/- 32 (P = NS) during the 10-microU clamp, and 144 +/-
      39 vs. 217 +/- 20 (P = NS) during the 20-microU clamp] and was almost identical
      in the two groups during the 100-microU clamp (226 +/- 29 vs. 229 +/- 51). In
      contrast, insulin-mediated glucose disposal at all insulin increments was much
      lower in the obese group (0.33 +/- 0.03, 0.56 +/- 0.04, and 1.39 +/- 0.04 mg/kg X
      min) than in the lean group (0.78 +/- 0.06, 1.67 +/- 0.12, and 4.96 +/- 0.26; P
      less than 0.001). The data suggest that although the obese subjects exhibited
      significant resistance to the glucoregulatory action of insulin, there were only
      small changes in insulin's antilipolytic effects. Relative maintenance of
      sensitivity to the antilipolytic action of insulin in the presence of resistance
      to insulin's glucoregulatory action could maintain fat deposition in obese
      individuals.

PMID- 6363442
TI  - Insulin removal in man: in vivo evidence for a receptor-mediated process.
AB  - To evaluate the in vivo participation of insulin receptors in both hepatic and
      extrahepatic removal of insulin, compartmental kinetic analysis of insulin
      behavior was performed in a patient with blocked receptors due to endogenous
      antiinsulin receptor antibodies. Using the standard three-compartment simulation
      of insulin behavior, the responses to both a 5-U injection of exogenous insulin
      and a 4.2-U secretion of endogenous insulin subsequent to tolbutamide injection
      were examined. In response to both exogenous and endogenous insulin, hepatic
      removal of insulin was reduced to less than 18% of the insulin exposure (normal,
      40-60%). The metabolic clearance of insulin was reduced from the normal level of
      520 ml/min to less than 120 ml/min, consistent with a reduction in receptor
      mediated removal of insulin from the blood. These studies propose quantitative
      parameters for insulin receptor function in hepatic and extrahepatic removal of
      insulin in man.

PMID- 6363443
TI  - [Heme catabolism: its mechanism and regulation].

PMID- 6363444
TI  - [Responses of E1 Tor cholera Vibrio to antibiotics in relation to intestinal
      flora: antibiotic sensitivity and behaviors in mixed culture with resistant E.
      coli].

PMID- 6363445
TI  - [Nephrolithotomy].

PMID- 6363446
TI  - Operative treatment versus steroid injection in the management of unicameral bone
      cysts.
AB  - The operative treatment of 37 patients with unicameral bone cysts was compared
      with the newer method of steroid injection in 20 patients whose cysts were
      similarly predisposed with respect to mode of presentation, location, age, and
      sex. In the surgical group the average operative time was 100 min, with a mean
      estimated blood loss of 300 ml. The recurrence rate was 40%, rising to 88% in
      patients under the age of 10 years with active cysts (less than 1 cm from the
      physis). Major complications occurred in 15% and included infection, refracture,
      coxa vara, extremity shortening, and physeal damage. A minimum follow-up of 2
      years was necessary to rule out recurrence. In contrast, the steroid-injected
      group had a recurrence rate of 5%, although 50% required more than one injection
      for maximum obliteration. The average operative time was 30 min, with negligible
      blood loss and a minimum hospital stay and rehabilitation. The only complications
      were a mild steroid flush in one patient and extremity shortening due to
      preexisting fracture in another. The end point of healing was reconstitution of
      cortical thickness, rather than total obliteration at the cyst. No secondary
      fractures were encountered. Both operative treatment and percutaneous steroid
      injection exhibited a high rate of recurrence or persistence. The greater
      simplicity and lesser morbidity associated with the steroid technique favored it
      as the method of choice.

PMID- 6363447
TI  - Isolated congenital pseudarthrosis of the fibula: report of a case and review of
      the literature.
AB  - A child with isolated congenital pseudarthrosis of the fibula and progressive
      valgus ankle deformity was successfully treated by reconstruction of the fibular
      diaphysis with bone graft.

PMID- 6363448
TI  - Traumatic upper arm defect treated with latissimus dorsi muscle transposition.
AB  - Transfer of the latissimus dorsi muscle was useful in restoring contour and
      function to a child's acutely injured upper extremity. The procedure provided
      protection for exposed vital structures. A split-thickness skin graft covered the
      exposed muscle. Transposition of the latissimus dorsi insertion was not necessary
      to obtain adequate elbow flexion.

PMID- 6363449
TI  - Surgical treatment of pathological subtrochanteric fractures due to benign
      lesions in children and adolescents.
AB  - Twelve children and adolescents with pathological subtrochanteric fractures due
      to benign tumors or tumorlike lesions were treated by curettage, autologous
      cancellous bone graft, and internal fixation. The healing of the lesion and the
      fracture in nine patients was without complications. In the remaining three, the
      healing was complicated. In one, with nonunion and shortening due to 35 degrees
      varus deformity following conservative treatment, a 1-cm shortening due to 15
      degrees varus deformity remained after surgery. In the same patient, a small
      recurrence was curetted when removing the plate and the screws. In the second, a
      stress fracture with varus deformity and shortening followed surgical treatment.
      These were corrected by valgus osteotomy. In both patients the final result was
      good. In the third, a femoral head collapse occurred. It was due to a lesion in
      the head that was overlooked on the initial roentgenogram. Although the fracture
      and the lesion were healed, the final result was poor. It was concluded that
      internal fixation of these fractures allows thorough curettage and bone grafting
      and results in the least amount of immobilization and the most rapid resolution
      of the lesion and the fracture.

PMID- 6363450
TI  - Justifying alcohol taxes to public officials.

PMID- 6363451
TI  - Neighborhood health centers and community-based care: federal policy from 1965 to
      1982.

PMID- 6363452
TI  - Self-actualizations and experience with Zen meditation: is a learning period
      necessary for meditation?
AB  - Tested the hypothesis that inconsistencies found in research on the relationship
      between Zen meditation and self-actualization were due in part to the existence
      of a learning period for Zen meditation. It was hypothesized that increases in
      self-actualization would be observed only after the completion of the learning
      period. The Personal Orientation Inventory (POI) was given to 36 students of Soto
      Zen and 34 undergraduate students who never had mediated. Analysis of covariance
      adjusted the group means for differences in age, education, and sex. t-tests
      revealed that all hypotheses were supported for the Inner Directed scale of the
      POI and supported in part for the Time Competent scale. Results were discussed as
      supporting the hypothesized learning period for Zen meditation. Implications for
      future research on Zen meditation were discussed.

PMID- 6363453
TI  - The use of a new relaxation method in a case of tension headache.
AB  - A tension headache sufferer was treated with a newly developed procedure called
      behavioral relaxation training that assumes relaxed postures. The client was a 21
      yr old female who had a 15-yr chronicity of headaches. During treatment, headache
      activity was reduced to a near zero level. After the first week of behavioral
      relaxation training, a second week of that training was administered combined
      with EMG biofeedback, followed by one more week of behavioral relaxation training
      alone. The combination phase was employed to determine if the addition of
      biofeedback would produce a more relaxed state. There were no significant
      differences in terms of EMG levels of muscular activity. Results are discussed
      regarding alternative explanations of the results and future research proposals.

PMID- 6363454
TI  - Isolation of Chlamydia using McCoy cells and Buffalo green monkey cells.
AB  - Unselected eye and genital specimens from 233 patients were cultured for
      Chlamydia. The isolation rates were compared using McCoy cells and Buffalo green
      monkey cells, both procedures being performed with and without the addition of
      cycloheximide and centrifugation. No significant difference was found in the
      isolation rates using the four methods. The characteristics of the two cell lines
      and the advantages of omitting cycloheximide treatment and centrifugation are
      discussed.

PMID- 6363455
TI  - Glomerulonephritis with coexistent immune deposits and antibasement membrane
      activity.
AB  - Six patients with coexistent antiglomerular basement membrane disease and
      granular immunoreactants in the glomerular basement membrane and mesangium are
      discussed. These six patients represent 35% of all patients with antiglomerular
      basement membrane nephritis examined over 10 years. All patients presented with
      acute, oliguric renal failure, and rapid deterioration in renal function. In all
      patients the pathogenetic role of the antiglomerular basement membrane antibody
      was confirmed by the demonstration of linear deposits of IgG along the glomerular
      basement membrane and antiglomerular basement membrane antibody activity in the
      serum or renal eluates, or both. Evidence for the existence of concurrent immune
      aggregates was obtained by immunofluorescence studies and electron microscopy.
      Radioimmunoassays, which were performed in two patients to detect circulating
      immune complexes, however, yielded negative results. The possible mechanisms
      concerned in the evolution of this condition and their potential implications are
      reviewed.

PMID- 6363456
TI  - Serum glucose agar, a transport medium for Streptococcus pyogenes.

PMID- 6363457
TI  - Clinical versus laboratory strains of Group B streptococci and human neutrophil
      chemiluminescence.

PMID- 6363458
TI  - Measuring melanomas: the Vernier method.

PMID- 6363460
TI  - Connective tissue reattachment as related to presence or absence of alveolar
      bone.
AB  - The present study was designed to examine if alveolar bone, located adjacent to a
      root surface deprived of its periodontal ligament and cementum layer, can
      stimulate the reformation of a connective tissue attachment. The maxillary and
      mandibular incisors in 3 monkeys were extracted. Immediately after tooth
      extraction, the buccal root surfaces of the incisors from the left side of the
      jaws were planed by means of curettes to a level corresponding to half the root
      length. All teeth were then reimplanted into their original sockets. However,
      before tooth reimplantation, the buccal alveolar bone plate was removed in 2 of
      the monkeys to a level corresponding to half the depth of the sockets. The
      animals were sacrificed 6 months after the reimplantation procedure. The jaws
      were removed and histological sections of the experimental teeth and adjacent
      periodontal tissues were produced. The sections were analyzed in the microscope
      and subjected to histometric measurements. The results demonstrated that,
      irrespective of the presence or absence of alveolar bone, a fibrous reattachment
      failed to form on that part of the reimplanted teeth which had been deprived of
      their periodontal ligament. This indicates that alveolar bone located adjacent to
      a root surface may have limited influence on the biological conditions which
      determine whether periodontal healing results in connective tissue reattachment
      or new attachment.

PMID- 6363459
TI  - Role of the polymorphonuclear leukocyte in periodontal health and disease.
AB  - This review presents evidence for lysosomal enzymes being at least partly
      responsible for the tissue destruction seen in periodontal disease. However, many
      other inflammatory and immunologic mechanisms have been identified that can
      contribute to tissue destruction (Nisengard 1977). The relationship of PMN to the
      periodontal tissues is equivalent to the proverbial double-edged sword. The
      localized tissue destruction that may be due to the extracellular release of PMN
      enzymes in individuals with normal cell function must be weighed against the role
      of PMN in containment of gingival bacteria and their products. The consequences
      of qualitative and/or quantitative abnormalities of neutrophils are far more
      undesirable for the periodontium. It therefore seems logical to propose that the
      role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the gingival tissues is primarily a
      defensive one. The presence of neutrophils in the gingival crevice has been shown
      to reflect the inflammatory condition of the tissues. Due to their availability,
      it may prove beneficial to use gingival crevicular PMN activity as a reliable
      clinical index of disease activity. The development of appropriate tests to
      measure PMN may eventually lead to better diagnostic criteria, including the
      definition of active versus inactive disease.

PMID- 6363461
TI  - Potentials for root resorption during periodontal wound healing.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to examine whether (1) the process of
      resorption, which invariably affects periodontitis involved reimplanted roots
      facing bone or gingival connective tissue during healing, is a transient
      phenomenon and, (2) root resorption can be prevented by permitting downgrowth of
      epithelium along the root surface. A total of 24 teeth in 2 monkeys (Macaca
      cynomolgus) was subjected to experimental periodontal tissue breakdown by the
      placement of elastic ligatures around the teeth. The ligatures were left in situ
      until about 50% of the supporting tissues had been lost. Following removal of the
      ligatures, the teeth were extracted and the denuded portions of the roots were
      scaled and planed. The crowns of the teeth were resected and the root canals
      filled with guttapercha. The roots were subsequently implanted into sockets
      prepared in the jaw bone in such a way that each root was embedded in bone except
      for a portion which was in contact with gingival connective tissue. 1 month prior
      to sacrifice of the animals, the cut surface of the coronal part of the roots was
      exposed by removal of the covering soft tissue. The epithelium was thereby
      allowed to migrate into the wound. Implantation of the roots was scheduled to
      provide healing periods of 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks before exposure
      of the roots. The histologic examination of the implant specimens disclosed that
      replacement resorption was a progressive process which eventually resulted in the
      elimination of the transplanted roots. It was possible to prevent root resorption
      in this model by permitting apical downgrowth of epithelium along the root
      surface during the initial phase of healing. The results are discussed in
      relation to procedures used in periodontal therapy.

PMID- 6363462
TI  - Effect of metronidazole on chronic periodontal disease in subjects using a
      topically applied chlorhexidine gel.
AB  - A double blind between subject comparison of the effect of metronidazole and
      placebo tablets was completed over 22 weeks in 45 subjects with chronic
      periodontal disease ranging in severity from moderate (PI = 2.0-3.9) to high (PI
      = 4.0-6.0). All subjects used a topically applied chlorhexidine gel for the first
      10 weeks. Throughout the trial plaque, bleeding and calculus were assessed on the
      buccal, lingual, mesial and distal surfaces of teeth 16, 21, 24, 36, 41 and 44
      and their supporting tissues. The pocket depths on the same 4 aspects of all
      teeth present were measured. The regime employed consisted of oral hygiene
      instruction (OHI) at the initial visit followed by scaling and further OHI at
      visits 1 and 2 weeks later. After the third visit 16 X 200 mg metronidazole or
      placebo tablets were issued with instructions to take 1 that evening and 3 per
      day at 5-h intervals for the next 5 days. 4 weeks later, scaling and OHI were
      carried out and the course of test or placebo tablets was repeated. The subjects
      returned for further scaling and OHI 4 weeks later and the chlorhexidine gel was
      withdrawn. Final assessments were made 12 weeks later. The results showed that
      metronidazole had no effect on plaque levels and gingival bleeding beyond the
      effect of OHI, scaling and chlorhexidine gel. On the other hand, significantly
      greater reductions in pocket depths were achieved with the use of metronidazole.
      A surprising and interesting finding was that these reductions were apparent only
      in the subjects with severe periodontal disease (PI = 4.0-6.0).

PMID- 6363463
TI  - Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy. II. Severely advanced periodontitis.
AB  - Healing events following nonsurgical periodontal therapy in patients with
      periodontal pockets up to 12 mm deep were investigated. Incisors, cuspids and
      premolars in 16 patients were treated by plaque control and supra- and
      subgingival debridement using hand or ultrasonic instruments in a split mouth
      approach. The results were evaluated by recording of plaque scores, bleeding on
      probing, probing pocket depths and probing attachment levels. Minimal change in
      gingival conditions occurred during the initial 3 months of experimentation,
      which were utilized for plaque control measures alone. Subsequent to
      instrumentation and during the following 9-month period, a gradual and marked
      improvement of periodontal conditions took place. During the remaining 12 months
      of the 24-month experimental period no further changes of the recorded parameters
      were noted. No differences in results could be observed when comparing hand
      versus ultrasonic instrumentation, or when comparing the results of 2 different
      operators. Initially, a total of 305 sites demonstrated probing pocket depths
      greater than or equal to 7 mm. At the 24-month examination 43 such sites
      remained. The results indicate that there is no certain magnitude of initial
      probing pocket depth where nonsurgical periodontal therapy is no longer
      effective.

PMID- 6363464
TI  - Long-term therapy for the pain of osteoarthritis: a comparison of zomepirac
      sodium and aspirin.
AB  - In this long-term, double-blind, multicenter study, efficacy and safety of
      zomepirac sodium were compared with those of aspirin for treatment of the chronic
      pain associated with osteoarthritis in 607 patients, 405 of whom received
      zomepirac and 202 of whom received aspirin. Final evaluations during one year of
      treatment showed zomepirac significantly more effective than aspirin for reducing
      pain at rest (P = 0.02) and average pain (P = 0.04). Moreover, zomepirac was
      rated better than aspirin in physician global evaluations of overall response to
      therapy (P = 0.02) and patient evaluations of pain relief (P = 0.03). At the end
      of the one-year study, patients were permitted to extend double-blind treatment
      for an additional year. In final evaluations for patients who continued,
      zomepirac was significantly better than aspirin for relief of pain on motion (P =
      0.05) and also in patient global evaluations of therapeutic response (P = 0.02).
      Side effect profiles during the first year of therapy were generally comparable
      for zomepirac and aspirin. However, complaints related to the special senses,
      especially tinnitus and hearing disturbances, were reported more frequently
      during aspirin therapy, and urogenital side effects were more common during
      zomepirac therapy. For both drug groups, the overall incidence of side effects
      was lower in the second year than in the first. This is the first published study
      to show a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent to be more effective than aspirin
      for the long-term treatment of pain associated with osteoarthritis.

PMID- 6363465
TI  - Peripheral antialgesics: a review.

PMID- 6363466
TI  - Captopril versus hydralazine in primary pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - Captopril was tested as the treatment for a patient with primary pulmonary
      hypertension (PPH) and its effects were compared with those of hydralazine.
      Captopril induced a rise in pulmonary pressures and in intrapulmonary shunt;
      hydralazine lowered pulmonary resistances and increased paO2 and blood O2
      transport. Prospective studies in PPH treated with captopril are recommended and
      evaluation of all drugs not only by hemodynamic but also respiratory and O2
      transport measurements.

PMID- 6363467
TI  - Avoiding problems in the sleep laboratory.

PMID- 6363468
TI  - Characterization and quantification of peptidergic amacrine cells in the turtle
      retina: enkephalin, neurotensin, and glucagon.
AB  - Immunocytochemical methods were used for selective labeling and characterization
      of amacrine cells of the turtle (Pseudemys scripta elegans) retina which
      contained neuropeptide-like immunoreactivity (leu-enkephalin, glucagon, and
      neurotensin). Processes of amacrine cells arborized in specific strata of the
      inner plexiform layer (IPL). Different strata were defined in relation to the
      boundaries of the IPL. Zero represented the strata nearest the inner nuclear
      layer and 100 represented the strata nearest the ganglion cells. Antisera
      directed against leu-enkephalin labeled approximately 7,300 amacrine cells in a
      single turtle retina which were concentrated in the region of the visual streak
      and decreased in density toward the periphery. In retinal regions outside the
      visual streak the labeled neurons were similar in size and shape with dendritic
      arbors which lacked a particular orientation. In contrast, in the visual streak,
      there were particular neurons which were labeled with enkephalin antiserum which
      had elongated dendritic arbors that ran parallel to the streak. Both types of
      amacrine cells with enkephalinergic immunoreactivity sent their dendrites into
      the 0-20 region and the 65-100 region of the IPL. Antisera directed against
      glucagon labeled approximately 2,500 amacrine cells in a single turtle retina.
      These cells were concentrated in areas near the visual streak. Amacrine cells
      labeled with glucagon antiserum had dendritic arbors which were asymmetrically
      skewed toward one end of the cell and ramified in the 0-20 strata with sparse
      projections at the 40 and 80 strata of the IPL. Antisera directed against
      neurotensin labeled 12,800 amacrine cells in a single turtle retina. These cells
      were concentrated in the region of the visual streak. Two distinct amacrine cell
      types were labeled selectively. One type had a large, vertically oriented cell
      body (10 X 14 micron) which gave rise to a single 2-micron-thick process that
      branched and ramified within the 45-70 strata. The other amacrine cell type with
      neurotensin-like immunoreactivity had a smaller cell body (8 micron) that sent
      numerous thin dendrites into the same 45-70 strata. The present results indicated
      that various neuropeptides were present in amacrine cells of the turtle retina
      and that a specific neuropeptide could be found in more than one anatomical type
      of amacrine cell. Each anatomical type of amacrine cell had a unique dendritic
      arborization which ramified within particular strata within the IPL.

PMID- 6363469
TI  - The distribution of serotonin in the CNS of an elasmobranch fish:
      immunocytochemical and biochemical studies in the Atlantic stingray, Dasyatis
      sabina.
AB  - The distribution of serotonin (5HT) in the brain of the Atlantic stingray was
      studied with peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemistry and high-pressure
      liquid chromatography. The regional concentrations of 5HT determined for this
      stingray fell within the range of values previously reported for fishes. A
      consistent trend in vertebrates for the hypothalamus and midbrain to have the
      highest concentrations and the cerebellum the lowest was confirmed in stingrays.
      Neuronal cell bodies and processes exhibiting 5HT-like immunoreactivity were
      distributed in variable densities throughout the neuraxis. Ten groups of 5HT
      cells were described: (I) spinal cord, (II-IV) rhombencephalon, (V, VI)
      mesencephalon, (VII, VIII) prosencephalon, (IX) pituitary, and (X) retina. There
      were three noteworthy features of the 5HT system in the Atlantic stingray: (1)
      5HT cells were demonstrated in virtually every location in which 5HT-containing
      cells have been described or alluded to in the previous literature. The
      demonstration of immunopositive cells in the spinal cord, the retina, and the
      pars distalis of the pituitary suggests that 5HT may be an intrinsic
      neurotransmitter (or hormone) in these regions. (2) The distribution of 5HT cells
      in the brainstem shared many similarities with that in other vertebrates.
      However, there were many 5HT cells outside of the raphe nuclei, in the lateral
      tegmentum. It appears that the hypothesis that "lateralization" of the 5HT system
      is an advanced evolutionary trend cannot be supported. (3) 5HT fibers and
      terminals were more widely distributed in the Atlantic stingray brain than has
      been reported for other nonmammalian vertebrates on the basis of
      histofluorescence. It appears that this feature of the 5HT system arose early in
      phylogeny, and that the use of immunohistochemistry might reveal a more general
      occurrence of widespread 5HT fibers and terminals.

PMID- 6363470
TI  - Udo Julius Wile, A.B., M.D., LL.D. (1882-1965).

PMID- 6363472
TI  - New perspectives in immunodermatopathology.

PMID- 6363471
TI  - Articles selected from the nondermatologic literature of interest to
      dermatologists.

PMID- 6363474
TI  - Cutaneous immunoelectron microscopy.

PMID- 6363473
TI  - Immunoperoxidase methods in skin pathology.

PMID- 6363475
TI  - Peripheral blood of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: studies using
      monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 6363476
TI  - The use of monoclonal antibodies in the in situ identification of T-cell
      subpopulations in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

PMID- 6363477
TI  - Blood and tissue analysis of T-cell subsets in cutaneous diseases.

PMID- 6363478
TI  - Interaction of T-lymphocytes with the epidermis: immunopathological studies.

PMID- 6363479
TI  - Immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 6363480
TI  - Skin graft rejection after allogeneic tooth transplants in mice.
AB  - Three strain combinations of in-bred mice representing strong and moderate
      histocompatibility barriers were used to determine if tooth allotransplants
      evoked strong or weak immunologic memory as measured by the second-set donor
      strain skin graft technique. At issue was whether the anatomic site of
      engraftment could influence the outcome of these experiments. Recipients received
      either 5-mm-diameter skin grafts or one or four adult teeth. Experimental
      transplants were placed in subcutaneous pouches or in ear pouches. Control mice
      received only orthotopic skin grafts. Second-set orthotopic skin grafts were
      placed either one mo, six mo, or 11 mo after primary transplants. Skin grafts
      were observed daily until rejection occurred. We found that skin provoked strong
      memory in subcutaneous tissues, but that teeth generated very weak memory in
      subcutaneous tissues. Conversely, teeth placed in ear pouches were able to
      generate strong immunologic memory. This occurred whether donor and recipient
      shared H-2 allo-antigens, or whether one tooth or four teeth were grafted, and
      the difference persisted for at least six mo. We conclude that teeth are not weak
      antigens, nor is the subcutaneous site privileged regarding immunologic memory.
      Rather, there seems to be some critical interaction between teeth and the immune
      system draining subcutaneous tissues that results in a failure to generate strong
      anamnestic immunity. Perhaps definition of the processes involved will be of
      advantage in future human applications.

PMID- 6363482
TI  - The presidents. John Peter Buckley, 1922-1923.

PMID- 6363481
TI  - Cements containing syringic acid esters -- o-ethoxybenzoic acid and zinc oxide.
AB  - Fissure caries is reduced when syringic acid is incorporated into a cariogenic
      diet of rats. It was therefore of interest to synthesize n-hexyl and 2-ethylhexyl
      syringate and to evaluate the properties of cements with these compounds as
      ingredients. Liquids containing the esters dissolved in o-ethoxybenzoic acid
      (EBA) - when mixed with powders made up from zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, and
      hydrogenated rosin - hardened in from four to nine min. Properties of the cements
      were determined, when possible, according to ANSI/ADA specification tests.
      Depending on the powder-liquid ratio employed, we obtained compositions with
      varying physical properties desirable for different dental applications. The
      syringate cements, compared with the commonly used ZOE materials, have improved
      compressive and tensile strength, lower water solubility, do not inhibit
      polymerization, and are compatible with acrylic monomers. These cements pass, and
      mostly greatly exceed, the requirements for ZOE-type restorative materials. They
      also bond significantly to resins, composites, and non-precious metals. The bond
      strength is somewhat less than that of n-hexyl vanillate-EBA cement, but greatly
      exceeds the adhesion to various substrates of ZOE luting agents. Cements
      containing n-hexyl syringate were somewhat brittle. Best results were obtained
      with liquid compositions containing 5% 2-ethylhexyl syringate, 7% n-hexyl
      vanillate, and 88% EBA, which yielded non-brittle materials. These cements,
      because of the syringate ingredient, may possess caries-reducing properties.
      Thus, perhaps in conjunction with fluoride additives, they would be useful as
      insulating bases, pulp capping agents, root canal sealers, soft tissue packs, or
      intermediate restoratives.

PMID- 6363483
TI  - Orthodontics and orthognathic surgery: adjuncts to restorative and periodontal
      therapy.
AB  - Orthodontic and orthognathic surgical procedures are important adjuncts to the
      provision of optimum restorative and periodontal care. Dentoalveolar and skeletal
      abnormalities of either developmental or acquired origin can be corrected
      primarily, thus eliminating the necessity for compromise in prosthetic design.
      Dental relationships that are contributory to irreversible periodontal
      deterioration can be normalized to facilitate stabilization of the periodontal
      condition and to increase the longevity of the natural dentition. Maxillofacial
      surgical treatment is technically complex but is more conservative than many
      traditionally accepted treatment procedures. It is based on the rationale of
      conservation of natural structures rather than their radical ablation or their
      sacrifice to uncontrollable progressive disease processes. Patient participation
      to establishment of treatment objectives and extensive patient education are
      essential ingredients in such treatment. Interdisciplinary communication and
      coordination contribute to a mutual appreciation of treatment possibilities and
      limitations. Thus, orthodontic and orthognathic surgical options should be
      considered in planning the solution to a wide variety of periodontal and
      restorative treatment problems.

PMID- 6363484
TI  - Mild hypertension: to treat or not to treat.

PMID- 6363485
TI  - Adult cardiovascular training programs in the United States.

PMID- 6363486
TI  - Computer-assisted diagnosis in noninvasive evaluation of coronary artery disease.

PMID- 6363487
TI  - Sinoatrial function after cardiac transplantation.
AB  - The function of both the denervated donor and innervated recipient sinus nodes of
      14 asymptomatic cardiac transplant recipients was assessed. Tests of sinoatrial
      function were performed in 14 donor and 10 recipient atria. The mean spontaneous
      cycle length of the recipient atria was significantly longer than that of the
      donor atria (944 +/- 246 versus 663 +/- 158 ms, p less than 0.01). Donor sinus
      node recovery time was prolonged in four patients (greater than 2,500 ms in two)
      and recipient recovery time was prolonged in six patients. In those patients with
      normal sinus node function tests, the recovery time of the recipient sinus node
      was longer than that of the donor sinus node (1,170 +/- 207 versus 864 +/- 175
      ms, p less than 0.02). The pattern of response of recovery times to increasing
      pacing rate was predictable and organized in the donor but chaotic in the
      recipient, and the longest sinus node recovery time occurred at the shortest
      pacing cycle length used in 12 of the 14 donor atria but in only 1 of the 10
      recipient atria (p less than 0.001). Secondary pauses occurred in none of the
      normal donor atria and in all of the abnormal donor atria (p less than 0.001);
      however, they occurred in both normal and abnormal recipient atria. The recipient
      and donor atria were paced alone and synchronously in the same patients.
      Synchronous pacing had no effect on the recovery times of the donor sinus node
      but significantly lengthened those of the recipient (sinus node recovery time:
      1,266 +/- 218 to 1,547 +/- 332 ms, p less than 0.02; corrected recovery time: 322
      +/- 102 to 686 +/- 188 ms, p less than 0.01). In the donor atria, abnormal
      recovery time was invariably associated with abnormal sinoatrial conduction time.
      There was a strong correlation between sinoatrial conduction time measured by the
      methods of Strauss and Narula and their coworkers in the donor atria (r = 0.98, p
      less than 0.001) but not in the recipient atria (r = 0.72). In the absence of
      autonomic influences, tests of sinus node function of the donor atria produce
      predictable and consistent results and, therefore, may be more clinically
      reliable than in intact human subjects. There is a high incidence of recipient
      sinus node dysfunction in asymptomatic long-term survivors of cardiac
      transplantation.

PMID- 6363488
TI  - Variable inhibition of histamine-induced bronchoconstriction by atropine in
      subjects with asthma.
AB  - To determine whether treatment with atropine causes dose-dependent inhibition of
      histamine-induced bronchoconstriction, we constructed dose-response curves to
      inhaled histamine after inhalation of placebo and 0.26 and 2.08 mg of atropine in
      eight subjects with mild asthma. Both doses of atropine significantly inhibited
      histamine-induced bronchoconstriction, and 2.08 mg caused significantly greater
      inhibition than 0.26 mg. Baseline specific airway resistance was significantly
      reduced by both doses of atropine but was no different after 2.08 mg than after
      0.26 mg. There were considerable differences in the efficacy of atropine among
      individuals. We conclude that atropine causes dose-dependent inhibition of
      histamine-induced bronchoconstriction and that this effect is not merely a
      function of the atropine-induced in baseline airway caliber. The large magnitude
      of the atropine effect in some subjects and the small magnitude of the effect in
      others suggest that there is variability in the degree of involvement of
      muscarinic mechanisms in the exaggerated bronchomotor response to histamine in
      asthmatic subjects.

PMID- 6363489
TI  - Cortisol and prolactin responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in prepubertal
      major depressives during episode and after recovery.

PMID- 6363490
TI  - Relaxation: its effect on the nutritional status and performance status of
      clients with cancer.
AB  - Relaxation was used to promote normal food consumption patterns among persons
      with cancer. As part of a larger study, 22 persons with cancer were randomly
      assigned to receive instruction and reinforcement in a relaxation technique to be
      used preprandially. The relaxation procedure included four components: (a) deep
      abdominal breathing, (b) tensing and relaxing of various body parts, (c)
      relaxation by autosuggestion, and (d) voluntary image control. Twelve clients
      complied with relaxation instructions in part, and 10 did not. Among compliers,
      75% experienced desirable weight change over a six-week period. Performance
      status, measured by the Karnofsky scale, improved for 33% and worsened for 17%
      over eight weeks. Research has shown relaxation to be an effective measure in
      relation to pain, hypertension, and other conditions. These preliminary results
      now suggest that relaxation may also be effective in treating the eating problems
      of the person with cancer, leading to improvement in weight and performance
      status.

PMID- 6363491
TI  - Nutrition in an early intervention project.

PMID- 6363493
TI  - Benomyl.

PMID- 6363492
TI  - Potassium-sparing diuretics: interaction with digoxin in elderly men.
AB  - The effects of two potassium-sparing diuretic combination drugs, triamterene
      hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone-hydrochlorothiazide, were compared with
      those of two kaliuretic diuretics, hydrochlorothiazide and furosemide, in order
      to ascertain the effects of those diuretics on concentrations of serum digoxin,
      serum potassium, and erythrocyte potassium, and to determine whether any of these
      diuretics should be preferred for patients taking digoxin. It was concluded that
      in patients for whom potassium depletion may lead to digoxin toxicity, a
      potassium-sparing diuretic may safely be used in order to reduce potassium
      excretion and thereby reduce the risk of arrhythmias.

PMID- 6363494
TI  - Formaldehyde.

PMID- 6363495
TI  - Gastrin and cholecystokinin in the vagus.
AB  - The homologous gut hormones, gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK), are present in
      the vagus. CCK is transported distally in sensory fibers from the nodose
      ganglion. The origin of gastrin is less certain, obscuring the interrelationship
      between vagal CCK and gastrin. In view of the regulation of digestion by hormonal
      gastrin and CCK on the one hand, and the vagus on the other, the discovery of
      vagal gastrin/CCK-peptides has raised some fundamental questions, which are
      considered in this review.

PMID- 6363496
TI  - The origins and role of efferent vagal nuclei in hyperinsulinemia in hypothalamic
      and genetically obese rodents.
AB  - The main brainstem parasympathetic efferent neurons that ultimately reach the
      pancreas and facilitate insulin secretion are located in the nucleus ambiguus
      (NA) and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMX). With regard to
      insulin secretion, hypothalamic (produced by ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH)
      lesions) and genetic obesities have features in common: (a) insulin oversecretion
      is an early abnormality in both syndromes; and (b) this abnormality is vagus
      nerve-mediated. VMH lesions and possible, spontaneously occurring (i.e. genetic)
      CNS-located abnormalities appear to result in an increased parasympathetic
      efferent tone together with decreased sympathetic efferent tone that is likely to
      be responsible for the occurrence of hyperinsulinemia, obesity and, eventually,
      insulin resistance.

PMID- 6363497
TI  - Vagal control of the motor functions of the lower esophageal sphincter and the
      stomach.
AB  - Vagal control of the motor functions of the lower esophageal sphincter and the
      stomach is briefly reviewed. The vagal influence is in principle the same in the
      two tissues. There exists one set of vagal fibers which evokes a contractile
      response. This response is mediated via cholinergic muscarinic receptors. Another
      set of fibers evokes a relaxation via a non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic
      mechanism. The neurotransmitter involved in this response is not established.
      Observations reported in the literature suggest that an interneuron releasing 5
      hydroxytryptamine may be involved. At the effector cells vasoactive intestinal
      polypeptide and/or adenosine triphosphate may be the neurotransmitter(s).

PMID- 6363498
TI  - Recent studies on intestinal vagal afferent innervation. Functional implications.
AB  - Data obtained during recent years have completely changed our understanding of
      the organization and function of visceral sensitivity. The digestive tract--and
      especially the small intestine--provides a very good example of this evolution.
      Classically, it was believed that the sensory innervation of the gut is supplied
      by both the vagus and the splanchnic nerves. The vagus nerves play the major role
      in the sensory innervation of the first part of the intestine (all layers of the
      bowel, except mesentery). These vagal sensory fibers are mostly nonmedullated and
      generally originate from free endings. Microelectrophysiological techniques have
      disclosed the existence of a great variety of receptors: mechanoreceptors,
      chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors and osmoreceptors in the intestinal area. Some
      receptors like glucoreceptors, are specific receptors since they do not respond
      to any stimuli other than glucose. Others, like osmosensitive receptors, behave
      as non-specific or multimodal receptors. The mechanism by which an identical
      structure (free ending) induces various sorts of signals (mechanical, thermal,
      chemical etc.) is not yet known, but several hypotheses have been proposed. The
      discovery of a varied and complex mass of information obtained from studies of
      the gut finally corroborates the behavioural and clinical data which suggest that
      the intestinal sensory innervation plays an important role in physiological
      regulation. Now it is possible to distinguish 3 main kinds of mechanisms involved
      according to whether they concern digestive motility, homeostasis or alimentary
      behaviour.

PMID- 6363499
TI  - Behavioral effects of vagotomy in humans.
AB  - Animal experiments and clinical observations have demonstrated significant
      effects of vagotomy on body weight. Weight loss or inability to regain are partly
      due to impaired motility and secretomotor activity of the vagus nerve causing
      disturbances in digestion which, however, are not sufficient to explain most of
      the weight deficit after vagotomy in animals or morbidly obese patients. The body
      weight deficit is also due to reduced caloric intake with changes in the quantity
      and quality of food and liquid intake, the latter accounting for more than one
      third of the total reduction in caloric intake. Obese patients have consistent
      decreases in hunger ratings after vagotomy and also reveal changed hedonic
      ratings and estimations of taste intensity. Validation of vagotomy studies
      requires tests of vagal integrity to confirm the completeness of the surgery and
      rule out regeneration of nerve tissue or recruitment of function. Tests of
      completeness of vagotomy are difficult to perform and evaluate in morbidly obese
      patients due to insulin resistance. The finding of an inadequate gastric acid
      response to insulin hypoglycemia implies a defect hypothalamic response to
      hypoglycemic stress in these patients. A new postoperative test of completeness
      of vagotomy based on disrupted drinking after intravenous hypertonic saline
      challenge is introduced as an attractive alternative to the potentially hazardous
      insulin test.

PMID- 6363500
TI  - Altered endocrine pancreatic function following vagotomy: possible behavioral and
      metabolic bases for assessing completeness of vagotomy.
AB  - Total vagotomy induces multiple alterations in the function of the endocrine
      pancreas. The temporal evolution of selected behavioral and pancreatic
      alterations following subdiaphragmatic vagotomy was investigated. Sustained
      modifications were observed in the circadian rhythm of plasma insulin, beta-cell
      responses to glucose and acetylcholine, whole system response to oral, but not
      intravenous, glucose and meal frequency. Transient alterations occurred in plasma
      insulin concentrations, peak glucose response to oral glucose, body weight, food
      intake, dark-phase meal size and light/dark food intake ratio. Since a major
      methodological problem in studies of the effects of vagotomy remains the
      assessment of the completeness of nerve section, the efficiency of several
      validation tests based on pancreatic alterations were investigated. Of these
      possible tests, the marked changes in the time-course of blood glucose following
      oral glucose administration and the in vivo assessment of acetylcholine
      sensitivity appear to be the most promising. Among other tests investigated, the
      water intake/100 g body weight and the stomach weight/body weight ratio had high
      efficiencies. It is recommended that a combination of objective tests,
      appropriate to the specific study, with varying degrees of invasiveness be used
      to assess the completeness of vagotomy.

PMID- 6363501
TI  - Validation of tests of completeness of vagotomy in rats.
AB  - In recent years there has been renewed interest in the role of the
      gastrointestinal tract and the abdominal organs in regulating body energy
      balance. In an attempt to characterize vagal influence, vagotomy has been
      utilized as a routine manipulation. Recent anatomical findings, behavioral
      observations and physiological data have led to a re-examination of the validity
      of the tests usually performed to assess completeness of the operation. In this
      review, a comprehensive profile of the vagotomized rat is drawn, standard indices
      are described and discussed and finally, new tests are suggested. It is concluded
      that, for most of the studies, a set of well-chosen criteria is necessary to
      ascertain the success of the surgery.

PMID- 6363502
TI  - Pitfalls in postoperative testing of the completeness of vagotomy.
AB  - The gastric acid response to insulin hypoglycemia represents an effect of several
      stimulatory and inhibitory mechanisms. In the intact stomach the direct vagal
      excitation of the acid secreting glands is the predominant mechanism. After
      vagotomy, however, the balance between the stimulatory and inhibitory mechanisms
      is unpredictable. Some stimulatory and inhibitory mechanisms are non-vagal, and
      may after vagotomy result in a false conception of remaining vagal fibers and
      complete vagotomy, respectively. Sham feeding may be a safer and more reliable
      test of completeness of vagotomy. A study of the spontaneous variation of basal
      acid secretion over several hours after vagotomy in 22 patients showed in 15-min
      samples a maximal range of 0.49 and 0.65 mmol with a P value of 0.05 and 0.01,
      respectively. A higher range may thus indicate a true acid response to a given
      stimulus. In 3 patients with an acid response to sham feeding but no acid
      response to insulin in a dose of 0.2 IU/kg after vagotomy, a repeated test with a
      lower dose of insulin resulted in an unequivocal acid response. In 4 patients
      with no acid response to sham feeding and a substantial acid response to insulin
      after vagotomy, the acid response to insulin was abolished after pretreatment
      with an adrenergic blocker. The insulin test may thus give false negative and
      positive information about the completeness of vagotomy.

PMID- 6363503
TI  - Morphological and functional aspects of pancreatic islet innervation.
AB  - Pancreatic islets are collections of 4 functionally-related endocrine cells
      distributed nonrandomly in the pancreas. Their major physiological actions center
      about the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. Experimental evidence shows that,
      in addition to circulating substates, the islets are controlled by outflow from
      the central nervous system communicated through autonomic nerves. Islet cells
      also interact with one another via hormonal messengers and, possibly,
      electrotonic impulses producing a complex--yet well-controlled--system for the
      integration of numerous types of signals. This paper is a brief review of some of
      the numerous interactions between the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine
      pancreas. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of recently discovered
      autonomic factors and newly recognized autonomic centers in the brain.

PMID- 6363504
TI  - Direct pathway from cardiovascular neurons in the ventrolateral medulla to the
      region of the intermediolateral nucleus of the upper thoracic cord: an anatomical
      and electrophysiological investigation in the cat.
AB  - Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and single unit recording experiments were done in
      cats to identify neurons in the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) projecting directly
      to the intermediolateral nucleus (IML) of the thoracic cord and relaying
      cardiovascular afferent information from the buffer nerves and hypothalamus. In
      the first series, HRP was allowed to diffuse from a micropipette into the region
      of the IML at the level of T2. After a survival period of 30-138 h, transverse
      and horizontal sections of the brainstem were processed according to the
      tetramethyl benzidine method. Labeled neurons were found in the VLM 1-5 mm
      rostral to the obex, bilaterally, but with an ipsilateral predominance. The
      majority were observed in sections 2-4 mm rostral to the obex, clustered in an
      area lateral to the inferior olivary nucleus around the intramedullary rootlets
      of the hypoglossal nerve. Additional labeled neurons were found scattered along
      the ventral surface of the medulla; most of these neurons were oval in shape, 15
      30 micron in diameter, and had dendritic processes which lay parallel to the
      ventral surface. In the second series, the region of the VLM shown to contain
      labeled neurons was systematically explored for single units antidromically
      activated by electrical stimulation of the IML in chloralosed, paralyzed and
      artificially ventilated animals. These antidromically identified units were then
      tested for their responses to electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus (CSN)
      and aortic depressor (ADN) nerves, and the paraventricular nucleus (PVH). Ninety
      four single units in the VLM were antidromically activated with latencies
      corresponding to a mean conduction velocity of 19.1 +/- 1.5 m/s. Of these units
      52% (49/94) were orthodromically excited by stimulation of buffer nerves; 12 by
      stimulation of the CSN only (mean latency, 16.0 +/- 3.6 ms), 5 by stimulation of
      the ADN only (mean latency, 9.5 +/- 2.0 ms), 7 by both buffer nerves, and the
      remaining 25 units responded to at least one of the buffer nerves and to PVH.
      Stimulation of PVH excited orthodromically 42 of the 94 units (45%), of which 17
      responded only to stimulation of PVH (mean latency, 17.9 +/- 3.5 ms). These
      experiments provide anatomical and electrophysiological evidence for the
      existence of a direct cardiovascular pathway from the VLM to the region of the
      IML and suggest that neurons in the VLM are involved in the integration of
      cardiovascular afferent inputs from buffer nerves and the hypothalamus to provide
      an excitatory input to vasoconstrictor neurons in the IML.

PMID- 6363505
TI  - Hepatic-vagal and gustatory afferent interactions in the brainstem of the rat.
AB  - In a series of combined electrophysiological and peroxidase histochemical
      studies, we have established that first-order hepatic and gustatory afferents
      project to separate regions of the solitary nucleus (NST) and do not converge
      upon neurons within this structure. Additionally, we have found that hepatic
      vagal afferent fibers travel in the left cervical vagal trunk and project to the
      postero-medial division of the left NST. Very small (100-200 micron diameter)
      iontophoretic injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into physiologically
      identified zones of the NST reveal that the immediately subjacent parvocellular
      reticular formation sends efferents to and receives afferents from both the
      hepatic and gustatory divisions of this nucleus. Further, hepatic and gustatory
      NST regions send projections throughout the parabrachial nucleus (PBN). Axons
      from both the hepatic and gustatory regions of the NST terminate heavily in the
      posterior dorsomedial part of the PBN. At anterior levels, the gustatory and
      visceral NST projections are distinctly separate; the medial PBN receives input
      from gustatory-NST, while the lateral region received input from the hepatic-NST.
      These results provide anatomical support for our previous findings that single
      neurons within the PBN can be activated by both gustatory and hepatic afferent
      activation. Overlapping projections from hepatic (vagal) and gustatory regions of
      the NST within both the immediately subjacent parvocellular reticular formation
      as well as the postero-medial PBN may explain in part the decerebrate rat's
      ability to not only discriminate gustatory stimuli, but also switch its response
      to a constant stimulus dependent on its nutritive state.

PMID- 6363507
TI  - Camera, camera, camera.

PMID- 6363506
TI  - The location of chronotropic cardioinhibitory vagal motoneurons in the medulla of
      the rabbit.
AB  - Vagal preganglionic motoneurons originating in nucleus ambiguus (NA) and dorsal
      vagal nucleus (DVN) were identified via retrograde labeling with horseradish
      peroxidase (HRP). DVN and NA were then explored for cardiovascular responsive
      sites using microstimulation. Stimulation within DVN from slightly caudal to obex
      to 3.00 mm rostral to obex produced a primary bradycardia (n = 15, X = -123 bpm).
      Stimulation within NA from slightly rostral to obex to 1.5 mm caudal to obex
      produced a similar primary bradycardia (n = 15, X = -127 bpm). Extracellular
      recordings were made from 7 cells in DVN and 10 cells in NA in regions producing
      maximal bradycardia to electrical stimulation. These cells were antidromically
      activated by cervical vagus nerve (VN) stimulation, increased their firing rates
      to systemic injection of phenylephrine (PE), revealed an expiratory rhythm,
      showed an increase in firing rate coinciding with spontaneous and elicited
      decreases in heart rate, had conduction velocities in the A-delta and B-fiber
      range, and produced bradycardia upon stimulation through the recording electrode
      with thresholds as low as 4 microA. The data indicate that in rabbits,
      chronotropic cardioinhibitory vagal motoneurons are discretely localized on the
      lateral, caudal portions of DVN and NA between 0.5 mm caudal and 1.5 mm rostral
      to obex.

PMID- 6363508
TI  - [Recent findings on the external oculomotor nucleus: the center for horizontal
      ocular movement].
AB  - Various neurobiological methods allowing the analysis of electrophysiological and
      morphological properties of a cell population within the central nervous system
      will be illustrated in the study of the abducens nucleus. Intracellular
      recordings provided the functional identification of the different types of cells
      within the abducens nucleus. Antidromic excitation, refractoriness, conduction
      velocity and frequency of discharges indicated the properties of the abducens
      motoneurones. Various types of afferent stimulations were applied to study the
      synaptic responses of the neurones. A dye was then electrophoretically injected
      and the labelled neurone observed with a light microscope. Full reconstruction of
      dendritic arborization and of axon trajectory was performed. The morphological
      study has shown the heterogeneity of the population of the motor nucleus, and the
      ultrastructural features indicated a complex synaptic organisation. The origin of
      some afferent terminals was determined.

PMID- 6363510
TI  - The first recognition of the association between goiter and exophthalmos.

PMID- 6363511
TI  - Medicare vs Medicaid.

PMID- 6363509
TI  - Immunology in the early stages of type I diabetes.

PMID- 6363512
TI  - [The effect of lidocaine hydrochloride on Staphylococcus aureus].

PMID- 6363513
TI  - A permanent tendon-to-bone suture technique in the distal phalanx.
AB  - This technique is used to place a permanent tendon-to-bone suture in the distal
      phalanx without increasing the amount of dissection beyond that needed for a
      Bunnell button repair. This technique has the advantage of greater strength
      without the problems of a percutaneous device that must be removed before full
      wound healing strength has developed.

PMID- 6363514
TI  - Delayed primary bone grafting in the hand and wrist after traumatic bone loss.
AB  - Seventeen patients had 21 bone graft operations as part of the overall delayed
      primary management of hand and wrist wounds. All bone graftings were performed
      within 10 days of injury. Internal or external fixation was used in all cases,
      and all wounds healed without infection. Complications included a fibrous union
      at one bone graft juncture and one malunion. Follow-up was from 3 months to 7
      years. Successful delayed primary bone grafting requires a well-decompressed and
      surgically-clean wound, good blood supply, adequate fixation, and secure soft
      tissue cover. If these conditions cannot be met, bone grafting should be deferred
      and performed in the conventional manner. The advantages of delayed primary bone
      grafting are: primary bone healing, a shorter rehabilitation period, fewer
      operations, avoidance of wound contracture, and bone grafting in a well
      vascularized scar-free bed.

PMID- 6363515
TI  - Endotracheal intubation should precede esophagogastric balloon tamponade for
      control of variceal bleeding.

PMID- 6363516
TI  - Management of acute diarrhea.
AB  - Acute diarrhea in adults is usually caused by bacterial infection, parasitic
      infestation, food poisoning, or drugs. In this review, we summarize the pros and
      cons of medical therapies, point out certain areas of controversy, and propose a
      rationale for early intervention. Discussion is limited to the use of
      antidiarrheal agents and antibiotics in acute infectious diarrhea.

PMID- 6363517
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of rat intestinal vitamin D-dependent calcium
      binding protein.
AB  - Vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein (CaBP) was localized in intestinal
      tissue sections obtained from rats raised under three different nutritional
      conditions: a normal vitamin D-replete diet, a vitamin D-free diet followed by
      supplementation with vitamin D3, or a vitamin D-free diet without additional
      supplementation. An indirect immunoperoxidase technique, with immunocontrols, was
      used to visualize the specific sites of CaBP. CaBP was visualized only in the
      cytoplasm of absorptive cells. In the duodenum of animals raised on a normal
      diet, CaBP was present in absorptive cells from the upper crypt region to the
      villus tips. In the jejunum, many fewer absorptive cells contained CaBP, while in
      the ileum only random absorptive cells near the villus tips contained CaBP. In
      rats raised on a vitamin D-deficient diet then supplemented with vitamin D3, CaBP
      was present in cells at the full depth of the crypts and in absorptive cells
      along the total villus length in the duodenum. Rats raised on the same deficient
      diet but without supplementation with additional vitamin D exhibited no CaBP in
      crypt cells nor in absorptive cells more than half way up the villi. Absorptive
      cells higher on the villi contained immunoreactive CaBP but the intensity of
      immunostaining and number of CaBP-containing cells was markedly reduced compared
      to the vitamin D-supplemented group.

PMID- 6363518
TI  - Tooth formation and the 28,000-dalton vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding
      protein: an immunocytochemical study.
AB  - Antiserum to the 28-kilodalton vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein (CaBP)
      was used to localize CaBP in histologic sections of the continuously erupting
      incisor in mandibles obtained from normal rats. With the peroxidase--anti
      peroxidase technique, no CaBP was detected in undifferentiated ameloblasts or in
      those which had become columnar and were facing pulp. Calcium-binding protein was
      first noted in the cytoplasm of random ameloblasts facing dentin in the
      presecretion zone. As the ameloblasts became more mature in the zone of enamel
      secretion, CaBP was uniformly present in their cytoplasm. Ameloblasts with Tome's
      processes clearly contained CaBP in these processes as well as in the cell-body
      cytoplasm. Near the later developmental stages of the zone of enamel secretion,
      some of the adjacent underlying cells of the stratum intermedium also contained
      CaBP in their cytoplasm. In some stratum intermedium cells and papillary cells,
      CaBP extended into the zone of enamel maturation, but not to the end of that
      zone. Cytoplasmic CaBP continued to be present in ameloblasts as they progressed
      through the zone of enamel maturation to the final, shortened cells at the
      gingival margin of the erupting incisor. No CaBP was detected in odontoblasts,
      pulpal cells, the stellate reticulum, or the outer dental epithelium.

PMID- 6363519
TI  - The distribution of aggregating proteoglycans in articular cartilage: comparison
      of quantitative immunoelectron microscopy with radioimmunoassay and biochemical
      analysis.
AB  - Electron microscopic immunolocalization and radioimmunoassay have been used to
      determine the variation with depth of the hyaluronate-binding region of
      proteoglycan in articular cartilage. The cartilage was cut into serial sections
      from the articular surface to the bony margin, the proteoglycans were extracted
      from each section and determined by radioimmunoassay using antibodies raised
      against proteoglycan binding region. Proteoglycans were found to be most abundant
      in the middle zone and least abundant near the articular surface. Biochemical
      analysis for hexuronate in the same extracts showed a distribution of
      proteoglycan in agreement with these and other published results. The binding
      region antiserum was used for electron microscopic immunolocalization of
      proteoglycan with ultrathin sections of cartilage embedded in Lowicryl K4M resin.
      After digestion of the sections with chondroitinase ABC, the proteoglycans were
      localized using the antiserum and protein A-coated gold particles as immunolabel.
      The density of labeling was quantified using a Magiscan image analysis system.
      Throughout the depth of the cartilage matrix labeling was higher in the
      pericellular regions compared to the intercellular regions, and variation of the
      amount of immunolabel with depth was found to show a good correlation with the
      results from radioimmunoassay. Intracellular labeling of proteoglycans was mainly
      found over the Golgi region and in membrane-bound (secretory) vesicles.

PMID- 6363520
TI  - The connective tissue of the rat lung: electron immunohistochemical studies.
AB  - The ultrastructural distribution of specific connective-tissue components in the
      normal rat lung was studied by electron immunohistochemistry. Three of these
      components were localized: type I collagen, fibronectin and laminin. Type I
      collagen was present not only in major airways and vascular structures, but also
      in alveolar septa. Laminin was found in all basement membranes, and only in
      basement membranes, demonstrating once more that this glycoprotein is an
      intrinsic component of the basement membrane. Fibronectin was found free in the
      interstitium and on the surfaces of collagen fibers. The basement membranes of
      bronchial, glandular and endothelial cells of large vessels lacked fibronectin;
      however, capillary endothelial and occasionally epithelial alveolar basement
      membranes contained some fibronectin in an irregular, spotty distribution. This
      localization suggests that in the lung, as in other tissues, fibronectin is not
      an intrinsic component of the basement membrane, but rather a stromal and plasma
      protein. Only basement membranes in the alveolar parenchyma contained "trapped"
      plasma fibronectin.

PMID- 6363521
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against amyloid fibril protein AA. Production, specificity,
      and use for immunohistochemical localization and classification of AA-type
      amyloidosis.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies against amyloid fibril protein AA were produced by cell
      fusion of murine P3 X 63-Ag8.653 myeloma cells with spleen cells of immunized
      Balb/c mice. To increase immunogenicity, protein AA was coupled to horseradish
      peroxidase (HRP) or human high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK). Using micro
      ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent essay) seven hybridoma cell lines secreting
      antibodies that specifically bind to protein AA have been selected and cloned.
      When applied to formalin-fixed paraffin sections of a variety of different
      amyloid types using immunoperoxidase methods, five monoclonal antibodies bound
      specifically and strongly to amyloid only of the AA type. Since a series of
      different AA-amyloids could be stained, these reagents may be used to routinely
      diagnose AA-amyloidosis in tissue sections. A monoclonal antibody against HRP has
      also been produced that has been utilized to develop a monoclonal peroxidase
      antiperoxidases (PAP) complex. When three immunoperoxidase methods were compared,
      the sensitivity of a conventional rat PAP was comparable to the monoclonal PAP
      complex, but the latter was easier to handle. Both methods were more sensitive
      than the indirect immunoperoxidase technique.

PMID- 6363522
TI  - Insulin and C-peptide in human brain neurons (insulin/C-peptide/brain
      peptides/immunohistochemistry/radioimmunoassay).
AB  - The regional distribution and cellular localization of insulin and C-peptide
      immunoreactivities were studied in human cadaver brains using the indirect
      immunofluorescence method, the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique, and
      radioimmunoassay. Products of the immune reactions to both polypeptides were
      observed in most nerve cells in all areas of the brain examined. Immunostaining
      was mainly restricted to the cell soma and proximal dendrites. Radioimmunoassay
      revealed that human brain contains insulin and C-peptide in concentrations much
      higher than the blood, the highest being in the hypothalamus. These findings
      support the hypothesis that the "brain insulin" is--at least in part--produced in
      the CNS.

PMID- 6363523
TI  - A simple view of nocardial taxonomy.

PMID- 6363524
TI  - Nocardial infection of the skin.
AB  - This paper describes the relationship between different forms of nocardia
      infection involving the skin. The best recognized of these conditions are
      systemic nocardiosis and actinomycetoma due to Nocardia spp. in which the
      organisms are present in either filamentous or grain form respectively. Attention
      is drawn to evidence for the existence of a primary cutaneous form of nocardiosis
      which follows inoculation and in which the organisms grow in filamentous phase.
      It is not clear whether such cases can progress to mycetoma formation if left
      untreated, or whether other factors are involved. The clinical and laboratory
      features of these different clinical varieties of nocardia infection are
      discussed.

PMID- 6363526
TI  - A minimal apparatus method for counting bacteria: comparison with reference
      method in surveying beef carcasses at three commercial abattoirs.
AB  - In two surveys of three commercial abattoirs a minimal apparatus method for
      making bacterial counts, the "loop-tile' method, detected the same trends in
      bacterial numbers on beef carcasses as the ISO reference method applied to the
      same samples. Both methods showed the carcasses from one abattoir, that with an
      export license, to carry consistently higher numbers of bacteria, and one of the
      four sites sampled on each carcass to be consistently dirtier than the other
      three.

PMID- 6363525
TI  - Nocardia in naturally acquired and experimental infections in animals.

PMID- 6363527
TI  - Resistance of Escherichia coli in faeces and the use of antimicrobial agents in
      the treatment of hospital patients.
AB  - Resistance of faecal Escherichia coli to ampicillin, tetracycline,
      sulphamethoxazole and gentamicin was studied in patients admitted to seven
      different departments in two hospitals. The resistance of ampicillin,
      tetracycline and sulphamethoxazole in the seven patient groups was 27-57%, 26-56%
      and 35-63%, respectively. Resistance to gentamicin was found in only one
      department. An E. coli flora predominantly resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline
      or sulphamethoxazole (greater than 50% of the E. coli strains in a faecal sample
      resistant) was found in 10-38%, 4-30% and 21-35% of the samples. A cross
      sectional study focusing on the influence of the use of antimicrobial agents on
      the occurrence of resistant strains revealed a positive correlation between the
      annual turnover of broad-spectrum penicillins in various departments and the
      occurrence of predominantly ampicillin-resistant E. coli strains in these
      departments.

PMID- 6363528
TI  - Enteropathogen carriage by healthy individuals living in an area with poor
      sanitation.
AB  - Faecal carriage of bacterial enteropathogens (enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
      (EPEC), shigellae and salmonellae) was studied in 265 individuals: 65 infants 3-6
      months of age (50 bottle-fed and 15 breast-fed), 100 school-age children 8-10
      years of age and 100 adults 21-50 years of age. All were apparently healthy, did
      not have gastrointestinal symptoms, had not received antibiotics in the preceding
      fortnight and were not malnourished. Enteropathogens were isolated from the
      faeces of 24 individuals (9.1%). Cultures were positive for enteropathogens in
      20% of the infants (both breast- and bottle-fed), 8% of school-age children and
      3% of the adults. EPEC was the most frequent isolate. Twelve different serotypes
      were detected. The highest recoveries were E. coli 026:K60 and 044 . K74.
      Shigella was detected only in school-age children (2%) and salmonella only in
      adults (1%). Campylobacter jejuni and Yersinia enterocolitica were studied only
      in the school-age children: there was one isolate of each of them. Most
      enteropathogens isolated were susceptible to the majority of the antibiotics
      tested. Only four E. coli strains, isolated from bottle-fed infants, could be
      considered multi-resistant. Two of the strains wer E. coli 044:K74 and
      020a020c:K61. The remainder were E. coli 0111:K58 and wee capable of transferring
      some of their antibiotic resistance traits to a recipient strain.

PMID- 6363530
TI  - A micro immune haemolysis test for rubella antibody screening.
AB  - A micro test for the detection of rubella IgG antibody by passive haemolysis in
      free solution (MIH) is presented. The technique is reproducible, sensitive,
      simple to perform and economical in the use of reagents. Identical results were
      obtained in all but one of 408 tests on serum specimens screened for rubella
      antibody at 15 i.u./ml by the MIH and haemagglutination inhibition (HI)
      techniques. The quantitative potential of the MIH test and the relative merits of
      the MIH, HI and radial haemolysis (RH) procedures for rubella screening are
      discussed.

PMID- 6363529
TI  - Assessment of the remanent antibacterial effect of a 2% triclosan-detergent
      preparation on the skin.
AB  - A method of quantifying the remanent antibacterial effect of a 2% triclosan
      preparation in detergent following three consecutive applications on the forearm
      of 20 volunteers over 2 h, is described with reference to its efficacy against a
      gentamicin- and multiply-resistant serotype of Klebsiella aerogenes. The
      relevance of the residual activity of triclosan and other skin antiseptics in
      surgical and hygienic hand disinfection are discussed.

PMID- 6363531
TI  - The use of Preston enrichment broth for the isolation of 'thermophilic'
      campylobacters from water.
AB  - The application of Preston enrichment broth to isolation of 'thermophilic'
      campylobacters from water has been investigated. Enrichment substantially
      increased the yield of such organisms. The optimum timing for subculturing the
      broth was after 48 h incubation. Despite the addition of aerotolerant supplement
      to the broth the number and variety of isolates was greater when the broth was
      incubated microaerically than when it was incubated in air.

PMID- 6363532
TI  - Sensitivity and specificity of Czechoslovak ELISA HBsAg Sevac tests: comparison
      with other third-generation tests and counter-immunoelectrophoresis.
AB  - Two variants of sandwich-type ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) kits for
      HBsAg detection (Sevatest ELISA HBsAg Macro I and Sevatest ELISA HBsAg Micro I)
      in human sera and plasmas were developed. As the solid phase, the ELISA Macro kit
      and ELISA Micro kit make use of polystyrene microtubes, and polystyrene
      microtitration plates, respectively, of Czechoslovak production (Koh-i-noor,
      Dalecin). Capture anti HBs antibody for adsorption to solid phase and rabbit anti
      HBs antibody for labelling with horse-radish peroxidase were prepared for both
      tests. The sensitivity of both ELISA kits for HBsAg, equal to approx. 2 ng/ml,
      was determined by titrating six selected HBsAg-positive sera and the WHO Agk 76
      panel of HBsAg-positive sera and the results were compared with those obtained by
      ELISA, RIA (Radioimmunoassay) and RPHA (Reverse passive hemagglutination) kits of
      different producers and by counter-immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP). The sensitivity
      of the new ELISA kits was comparable to that of other producers' ELISA kits,
      higher than that of RPHA kits and only a little lower than that of RIA kits. A
      set of sera of patients hospitalised with different diagnoses was tested for
      HBsAg. The detection rate by ELISA Macro kit 2.8 and 1.5 times higher than by
      CIEP and RPHA (Raphadex B), respectively, and 1.1 time lower than by RIA (Austria
      II).

PMID- 6363533
TI  - The immune system as a sensory organ.

PMID- 6363534
TI  - Immunoregulation by monoclonal sheep erythrocyte-specific IgG antibodies:
      suppression is correlated to level of antigen binding and not to isotype.
AB  - Six different monoclonal IgG antibodies with specificities for sheep erythrocytes
      (SRBC) were tested for immunosuppressive ability. Four of them, one IgG3, two
      IgG2a, and one IgG1, could yield suppression of more than 90% of the anti-SRBC
      response. The remaining two antibodies, which were both IgG2a, were found to have
      no significant effect. The degree of suppression correlated well with the amount
      of antibodies used that could bind to SRBC, as measured by an ELISA assay. High
      avidity for SRBC was also a factor making the monoclonal antibody more efficient
      as an immunosuppressor. The response against antigenic determinants on the SRBC
      other than those for which the monoclonals were specific, was suppressed to an
      equal degree. This was established by immunizing mice with SRBC using monoclonal
      anti-SRBC antibodies that did or did not bind to goat RBC (GRBC). The PFC
      responses against both SRBC and GRBC were then measured. The anti-SRBC and GRBC
      responses were suppressed in parallel regardless of whether or not the monoclonal
      reacted with GRBC. None of the tested antibodies displayed any significant
      ability to enhance the anti-SRBC response. Thus, IgG1 is not the only murine
      isotype that can efficiently suppress the immune response against SRBC, but IgG2a
      and IgG3 can also exert this capacity. The mechanism of IgG-mediated suppression
      is not one of merely blocking single epitopes but involves the immunogenicity of
      the entire SRBC.

PMID- 6363536
TI  - Prevention of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the SJL/J mouse by
      whole body ultraviolet irradiation.
AB  - The cellular requirements for the in vivo induction of experimental allergic
      encephalomyelitis (EAE) were investigated in the SJL/J mouse. Exposure of mice to
      whole body ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, a treatment that has been shown in other
      systems to interfere selectively with antigen-presenting cell function, prevented
      the development of clinical and pathologic signs of acute EAE. Splenic T cells
      from UV-treated animals did not adoptively transfer resistance to EAE, making it
      unlikely that UV irradiation resulted in the generation of a specific suppressor
      cell population responsible for protection from EAE. UV irradiation was effective
      in preventing EAE when administered before initial immunization; UV irradiation
      was ineffective in modifying ongoing EAE or in preventing relapses of EAE induced
      by reimmunization. In additional experiments, adult thymectomized, lethally x
      irradiated mice reconstituted with syngeneic marrow cells depleted of mature T
      lymphocytes were found to be resistant to the induction of EAE. Susceptibility
      was restored by the addition of splenic T cells, demonstrating that EAE induction
      is T cell-dependent in the mouse. The prevention of an experimental autoimmune
      demyelinating disease by whole body UV irradiation suggests that interference
      with the function of Ia-bearing accessory cells may represent an approach for
      immunotherapy in autoimmune disorders.

PMID- 6363535
TI  - In vitro immune response of cells of various lymphoid tissues in (NZB X NZW)F1
      mice: evidence for abnormality of the mesenteric lymph node cells.
AB  - Autoimmune-prone (NZB X NZW)F1 (B/W) mice have been shown to have a variety of
      immunologic perturbations. However, most studies have been performed with spleen
      cells. By using the Mishell-Dutton culture system, we examined the in vitro
      immune response of the various lymphoid tissue to determine whether an imbalance
      at a selective lymphoid site may exist in B/W mice. It was shown that the ability
      of mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells of B/W mice to generate plaque-forming cells
      (PFC) in response to sheep red blood cells was consistently less than that of the
      spleen cells. This relationship held true in the aged mice. In contrast, the
      ability of the MLN cells of other strains not prone to develop autoimmunity to
      generate PFC was higher than that of the spleen cells. No significant difference
      in the mitogenic response of the lymphoid cells from various lymphoid tissue in
      the young B/W mice was seen, as compared with normal lymphoid cells from control
      mice. However, it was demonstrated that a relative decrease of B cells and
      immunoregulatory Lyt-123+ cells in the MLN in the B/W mice occurred early in
      life, and it was concluded that this abnormality may account for the low PFC
      response observed.

PMID- 6363537
TI  - Modulation of the biologic activities of IgE-binding factor. V. The role of
      glycosylation-enhancing factor and glycosylation-inhibiting factor in determining
      the nature of IgE-binding factors.
AB  - Glycosylation-enhancing factor (GEF) and IgE-potentiating factor were detected in
      culture supernatants of rat mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) cells obtained 14 days
      after infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb), but not in supernatants
      of MLN cells of 8-day Nb-infected rats. Both factors were also released from T
      cells upon antigenic stimulation of KLH + alum-primed spleen cells. The GEF from
      the Nb-infected rats and KLH + alum-primed spleen cells had affinity for p
      aminobenzamidine agarose and were inactivated by phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride, an
      inhibitor of serine proteases. These results indicate that the GEF obtained in
      the two systems is a serine protease and is identical to that obtained by
      stimulation of normal T cells with lymphocytosis-promoting factor (LPF) from
      Bordetella pertussis. The concomitant formation of IgE-potentiating factor and
      GEF by Nb infection, by antigenic simulation of KLH + alum-primed spleen cells,
      and by treatment of rats with Bordetella pertussis vaccine suggests that the
      serine protease is involved in a common pathway leading to the selective
      formation of IgE-potentiating factor. In contrast, glycosylation-inhibiting
      factor (GIF) is always found during the selective formation of IgE-suppressive
      factor. IgE-suppressive factor and GIF were formed by MLN cells of 8-day Nb
      infected rats and KLH-CFA-primed spleen cells. GIF was detected in culture
      supernatants of T cell hybridomas 23A4 and 23B6, which form unglycosylated IgE
      binding factors upon incubation with IgE. GIF obtained from all of these sources
      bound to monoclonal anti-lipomodulin. These findings indicate that GIF or
      lipomodulin is involved in all systems, which leads to the selective formation of
      IgE-suppressive factor. However, the formation of GIF was not restricted to those
      conditions in which IgE-suppressive factor was selectively formed. The culture
      supernatants of MLN cells of 14-day Nb-infected rats and antigen-stimulated KLH +
      alum-primed spleen cells contained a small amount of GIF, which could be detected
      after inactivation of GEF. It appears that T cells from these sources formed GEF
      and GIF, but that GEF overcame the effect of GIF on glycosylation of IgE-binding
      factors. The results indicate that the nature and biologic activities of IgE
      binding factors are decided by the balance between GEF and GIF formed by T cells.

PMID- 6363538
TI  - TRF requirements for in vitro PFC responses to SRBC and R36a. I. TRF is distinct
      from IL 2 but indistinguishable from polyclonal BCSF.
AB  - In vitro PFC responses to the thymus-independent (TI) antigen Streptococcus
      pneumoniae R36a require T cell replacing factor(s) (TRF). This requirement for
      TRF is as significant as for the thymus-dependent (TD) antigen SRBC. TRF is shown
      to be distinct from IL 2 by the following observations: 1) culture supernatants
      from the cloned T cell line L2, collected over an 8-day period after allogeneic
      stimulation, transiently contain IL 2 activity but maintain high levels of TRF
      activity throughout 192 hr; 2) L2V, a variant subclone of L2, produces much
      higher levels of TRF activity than the parental line but no detectable IL 2
      activity; 3) the addition of IL2+, TRF- supernatants from the T cell hybridoma
      FS6-14.13 does not affect the L2V SF-driven PFC responses to R36a or SRBC; and 4)
      the addition of contaminating T cells to cultures containing T cell-depleted
      spleen cells, L2V SF, and antigen does not affect the PFC response. TRF does
      appear to be indistinguishable from polyclonal B cell stimulating factor (BCSF),
      which stimulates polyclonal PFC responses in the absence of antigen, mitogen, or
      anti-Ig. The TRF and BCSF activities of L2V SF could not be separated by ion
      exchange, hydrophobic-interaction, and gel-filtration chromatography. TRF and
      BCSF have an apparent m.w. of approximately 40,000.

PMID- 6363539
TI  - Inhibition of antibody responses to phosphocholine by C-reactive protein.
AB  - C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase serum protein in man that binds to the
      cell wall C-polysaccharide (PnC) of Streptococcus pneumoniae via phosphocholine
      (PC) determinants. We have previously shown that in mice CRP increases splenic
      clearance of PnC-coated autologous erythrocytes and S. pneumoniae, and increases
      survival after pneumococcal infection. Because CRP alters clearance of
      particulate PnC antigens, we tested its effect on immunization with pneumococci.
      Pretreatment of mice with 50 to 200 micrograms CRP 30 min before immunization
      with serotype 3 S. pneumoniae resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of the
      antibody response to PC. Both serum hemagglutinin and splenic PFC against PC were
      decreased in CRP-treated mice tested from 1 to 10 days after injection of
      antigen. CRP treatment had no effect on the antibody response to the serotype 3
      capsular polysaccharide, another T-independent antigen. To determine whether CRP
      inhibition was related to altered processing of particulate antigen, mice were
      immunized with horse red blood cells (HRBC) conjugated with PC or PnC and the PFC
      responses to PC and HRBC were determined. CRP treatment resulted in specific
      inhibition of the PFC response to PC in both cases without affecting the response
      to HRBC. These results indicate that inhibition of the antibody response by CRP
      is not the result of altered antigen localization and processing, and that CRP
      may prevent immunization by masking determinants on bacterial or other surfaces.

PMID- 6363540
TI  - Antibody 3G8, specific for the human neutrophil Fc receptor, reacts with natural
      killer cells.
AB  - Antibody 3G8 reacts with the receptor for the Fc fragment of aggregated IgG
      present on the majority of neutrophilic granulocytes and on a small proportion of
      lymphocytes. In this report, we compare the pattern of reactivity of antibody 3G8
      on peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN)
      with that of antibody B73.1, which reacts with the Fc receptor of natural killer
      (NK) cells or with a molecule functionally associated with it. We show that 3G8
      reacts with the same PBL subset detected by antibody B73.1 and is responsible for
      virtually all NK cytotoxic activity. The lymphocyte subset recognized by the two
      antibodies has the morphology of large granular lymphocytes and includes neither
      B nor T cells. Our results indicate that NK cells and PMN express the same Fc
      receptor for immune complexes, and that B73.1 and 3G8 recognize on the same
      receptor two distinct epitopes that are preferentially expressed on NK cells and
      on PMN, respectively.

PMID- 6363541
TI  - The fate of E. coli lipopolysaccharide after the uptake of E. coli by murine
      macrophages in vitro.
AB  - The fate of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) after the uptake of Escherichia
      coli by macrophages in vitro was studied. The LPS of the galactose epimerase
      deficient E. coli J5 mutant was specifically radiolabeled with [3H]galactose by
      growing the organism in a basic salts medium containing galactose. Control
      bacteria were uniformly radiolabeled by growth in [14C]glucose and unlabeled
      galactose-containing medium. Surface constituents of E. coli were also labeled
      with 125I. After in vitro phagocytosis of labeled E. coli by murine peritoneal
      exudate macrophages, the rate of exocytosis of LPS, as assessed by release of 3H
      over a 72-hr period, was considerably reduced in comparison with other bacterial
      constituents (14C and 125I release). The [3H]galactose-labeled material
      exocytosed from macrophages and that remaining intracellularly (obtained from
      macrophage lysates) were isolated by cesium chloride (CsCl) density gradients and
      were shown to have altered density profiles as compared with purified E. coli
      LPS. The macrophage-"processed" [3H] galactose-containing fractions from CsCl
      density gradients of culture supernatants or macrophage lysates were capable of
      clotting Limulus amebocyte lysate. The [3H]galactose material obtained from 48-hr
      macrophage lysates and culture supernatants could also induce a lethal response
      in actinomycin D-treated mice. These data suggest that bacterial LPS may be
      selectively retained by the macrophage and that the post-phagocytic events that
      result in bacterial degradation are not accompanied by the degradation of LPS.
      Furthermore, although the LPS may be modified by the macrophage, it retains its
      biologic activity.

PMID- 6363542
TI  - Different enzyme classes associated with human natural killer cells may mediate
      disparate functions.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that degradation of the acute phase reactant serum
      amyloid A (SAA) is mediated by enzymes on the plasma membrane of lymphocytes and
      monocytes. The responsible enzymes had properties of neutral elastases. The
      present investigations were conducted to explore whether human NK cells enriched
      by Percoll gradient centrifugation have similar activity and if so, whether the
      same or different enzyme classes are responsible for proteolysis as well as for
      tumor cell lysis. Accordingly, human NK cells were enriched on discontinuous
      Percoll gradients after which the cells were incubated either with SAA or with
      [3H] proline-labeled melanoma cells at various effector to target cell ratios.
      When SAA degradation was followed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, NK
      fractions proved to be as effective in digesting the protein as unfractionated
      mononuclear leukocytes. To characterize the enzymes that may be involved in
      cytotoxicity on the one hand, and SAA degradation on the other, the NK fractions
      were treated with the following inhibitors: diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP),
      soybean trypsin inhibitor, N-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethylketone (TLCK), the
      elastase inhibitors elastatinal, Ac-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-CH2Cl, Meo-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro
      Val-CH2Cl, and an inhibitor of aryl sulfatase, Na2SO4. Preincubation of the cells
      with DFP or elastase inhibitors abolished their ability to hydrolyze SAA but did
      not affect their ability to kill tumor cells. On the other hand TLCK, a potent
      inhibitor of cytotoxicity, did not bring about any reduction in the proteolysis
      of SAA. DFP and Na2SO4 diminished cytotoxicity partially. Elimination of NK cells
      by sorting after incubation of lymphocytes with the monoclonal antisera Leu-7 and
      Leu-11 abolished cytotoxicity as well as proteolysis. The observations are
      compatible with the concept that NK cells carry several enzymes with different
      substrate specificities that may be involved in disparate cellular functions.

PMID- 6363544
TI  - Macrophage activation to kill Leishmania tropica: kinetics of macrophage response
      to lymphokines that induce antimicrobial activities against amastigotes.
AB  - Lymphokine (LK) treatment of resident peritoneal macrophages from C3H/HeN mice
      induced two antimicrobial activities against Leishmania tropica: increased
      resistance of activated macrophages to infection with amastigotes and
      intracellular destruction of those parasites that entered activated cells. The
      onset and duration of these two antimicrobial activities were quite different.
      Resistance to infection was observed as early as 4 hr after the addition of LK,
      became maximal at 8 hr, and persisted in a subpopulation of treated cells for as
      long as 72 hr. In contrast, intracellular killing occurred with as little as 4 hr
      of LK treatment after infection, and maximal killing was observed in cultures
      exposed to LK 24 hr. Intracellular killing capacity of lymphokine-treated cells
      was progressively lost in macrophages treated longer than 12 hr before exposure
      to parasites. This decay in ability to destroy intracellular L. tropica was also
      seen in macrophages cultured longer than 12 hr before LK treatment, and may
      reflect loss of macrophage responsiveness to LK with increasing time in vitro.
      Thus, treatment of macrophages with lymphokines induced both a stable change in
      cell-parasite interactions, resistance to infection, and a short-lived capacity
      to destroy intracellular amastigotes.

PMID- 6363543
TI  - Macrophage activation to kill Leishmania tropica: defective intracellular killing
      of amastigotes by macrophages elicited with sterile inflammatory agents.
AB  - Resident peritoneal macrophages and macrophages elicited by injection of C3H/HeN
      mice with sterile inflammatory agents were exposed to amastigotes of Leishmania
      tropica in vitro and treated with lymphokines. Resident macrophages developed the
      capacity to kill intracellular parasites; microbicidal activity of activated
      resident cells ranged between 60 and 80%. In contrast, inflammatory macrophages
      responded poorly to lymphokines for intracellular killing of amastigotes;
      microbicidal activity of cells elicited with chronic inflammatory agents ranged
      between 0 and 45%. Defective intracellular killing of L. tropica by inflammatory
      macrophages was independent of the agent used to elicit the cells, but was
      clearly associated with the number of immature macrophages in the population.
      That intracellular killing capacity may reflect the presence of a killing
      mechanism in tissue-derived cells that is not yet developed in undifferentiated
      macrophages is supported by studies with peripheral blood monocytes: these cells
      were also incapable of eliminating intracellular amastigotes in the presence of
      potent activating factors. These observations on inflammatory macrophage
      interactions with amastigotes may provide important insights into the chronic
      nature of leishmanial disease.

PMID- 6363545
TI  - Activation of the alternative complement pathway by Leishmania promastigotes:
      parasite lysis and attachment to macrophages.
AB  - When exposed to normal human or guinea pig sera, promastigotes of Leishmania
      enriettii and L. tropica activate the complement cascade by the alternative
      pathway and fix C3 on their surfaces. In high (25%) serum concentrations, the
      result of complement activation is parasite lysis. At lower concentrations (4%),
      complement fixation results in enhanced parasite binding and uptake into murine
      peritoneal macrophages. Parasites are lysed in normal guinea pig, C4-deficient
      guinea pig, normal human, and C2-deficient human sera when they are incubated at
      37 degrees C for 30 min. Fetal calf and normal mouse sera are poorly lytic. Lysis
      requires Mg++ but not Ca++, is mediated by heat labile (56 degrees C, 30 min)
      component(s), and does not occur when the incubations are maintained at 4 degrees
      C. Guinea pig serum preadsorbed with promastigotes of L. tropica in EDTA at 4
      degrees C for 30 min is fully lytic. Immunofluorescence studies with anti-C3
      antibodies show that under these conditions C3 is deposited on the surface of the
      parasite. The serum-dependent binding of parasites to macrophages is also
      mediated by heat-labile, nonadsorbable factor(s) present in normal guinea pig and
      mouse sera, as well as C2-deficient and C4-deficient sera. The serum-dependent
      macrophage recognition mechanism is trypsin sensitive but relatively resistant to
      chymotrypsin. Parasites but not macrophages can be presensitized at room
      temperature with low levels (8%) of serum to enhance their binding to
      macrophages. Presensitization does not occur at 4 degrees C. These results show
      that Leishmania promastigotes of several species can fix complement by activating
      the alternative complement pathway. This may then result either in parasite lysis
      or in an accelerated uptake of the parasite into phagocytic cells. In vivo, the
      biologic outcome of infection may reflect a balance between extracellular lysis
      and enhanced uptake into phagocytic cells.

PMID- 6363546
TI  - Rejection of heart allografts in canine recipients given total lymphoid
      irradiation.

PMID- 6363547
TI  - Antigen and antibody attachment in ELISA for Aspergillus fumigatus IgG
      antibodies.
AB  - Four commercial antigen extracts of Aspergillus fumigatus were evaluated for use
      in a rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for anti-A. fumigatus IgG.
      Initial binding of both somatic and culture filtrate preparations to a polyvinyl
      chloride solid phase was concentration dependent and increased with incubation
      time. Antigen binding to the solid phase was reproducible. Binding of A.
      fumigatus precipitin-positive serum to bound antigen was rapid. All four A.
      fumigatus antigens demonstrated similar dose-response curves when tested against
      pooled sera containing a high titre of A. fumigatus antibodies. Detectable
      activity in precipitin test-negative sera decreased rapidly with dilution. All
      the antigen preparations were found to be suitable for ELISA procedures and
      permit the rapid determination of IgG antibodies to A. fumigatus.

PMID- 6363548
TI  - Detection of antibody-coated sperm by 'panning' procedures.
AB  - The use of 'panning' procedures to detect immunoglobulin on the sperm surface are
      described. Wells on plastic plates are coated with anti-immunoglobulin molecules
      by either 1-step or 2-step procedures and the sperm under test are then incubated
      in these wells for up to 1 h and the wells washed. Antibody-coated sperm remain
      attached in large numbers while control sperm are washed out. These procedures
      have the advantages that they are cheap, simple, do not involve sperm fixation
      and may be used with relatively dilute cell suspensions and with sperm of low
      motility. The potential applications of the procedures are discussed.

PMID- 6363549
TI  - A permanent wet-mount for fluorescent microscopy of surface stained lymphoid
      cells.

PMID- 6363550
TI  - Investigation of the recommended use of anti-Clq for reducing non-specific
      reactions in solid-phase C1q assays for circulating immune complexes.

PMID- 6363551
TI  - A simple and inexpensive method for assessing in vitro candidacidal activity of
      leukocytes.
AB  - Candidacidal activity of mouse neutrophils and macrophages was determined
      directly in microtiter plates. After a suitable period of interaction between
      phagocytic cells and C. albicans in the wells, the mouse cells were lysed with
      distilled water and corn meal agar was added to each well. Following incubation
      at 37 degrees C, viability was assessed using an inverted microscope and counting
      the number of germ tubes or microcolonies which developed. This method does not
      use radioisotopes or vital stains and should be applicable to other genera of
      yeasts.

PMID- 6363552
TI  - Extraction of circulating gastrointestinal cancer antigen using solid-phase
      immunoadsorption system of monoclonal antibody-coupled membrane.
AB  - An immunoadsorption system of monoclonal antibody immobilized on a polyolefin
      alloy fiber is described for extraction of serum gastrointestinal cancer antigen
      (GICA). Continuous circulation or single passage of plasma from gastrointestinal
      cancer patients through this antibody-fiber matrix resulted in 90% depletion of
      circulating GICA in 2 h using 0.6 mg immobilized antibody, and 90% depletion in 5
      min using 8 mg antibody. Continual circulation resulted in total GICA removal in
      both cases. Desorption of antibody or of antibody-containing complexes was
      minimal. This methodology provides a selective and convenient means of removing
      any targeted substance by monoclonal antibody from the serum, and thus overcomes
      many of the shortcomings associated with conventional plasmapheresis.

PMID- 6363553
TI  - A freezing method for cell fusions to distribute and reduce labor and permit more
      thorough early evaluation of hybridomas.
AB  - A method is described whereby cell fusions can be bulk-frozen shortly after the
      hybridization step. Recoveries are shown to be comparable to those obtained for
      control hybridomas cultured without freezing. Advantages are discussed in terms
      of labor distribution and antibody assay and evaluation strategies. It is further
      shown that peritoneal feeder cell preparations can be conveniently frozen as a
      means of workload reduction.

PMID- 6363554
TI  - Detection of monoclonal antibodies against cell surface antigens: the use of
      antiglobulins coupled to red blood cells.
AB  - An antiglobulin-coupled red cell assay is described for screening monoclonal
      antibodies against cell surface antigens. A monoclonal antibody specific for rat
      immunoglobulin kappa chains was coupled to red blood cells and used to detect
      binding of rat monoclonal antibodies to cells attached to the wells of microtitre
      plates. The method was found to be simpler and more rapid than the alternative
      enzyme-linked binding assay and useful for rapid screening and selection of
      antibodies for use as differentiation markers of human and mouse haemopoietic
      cells.

PMID- 6363555
TI  - Simultaneous detection of IgE binding to several allergens using a nitrocellulose
      'polydisc'.
AB  - The use of nitrocellulose for allergen disc preparation permits several different
      allergens to be applied as separate spots to the same disc for simultaneous
      evaluation with one serum sample (50 microliter). To achieve this, an
      immunological application method involving anti-human IgE and the peroxidase-anti
      peroxidase procedure must be used with a substrate that produces an insoluble
      product. The suitability of the polydiscs for routine clinical evaluation of
      several allergens at once was demonstrated by testing the sera of seven allergic
      bakers with discs containing extracts of flour or pollen from wheat, cereal rye,
      or rye grass.

PMID- 6363556
TI  - Mandibular denture design - a clinical appraisal.

PMID- 6363557
TI  - French-chalk filled chemically-activated acrylic resin tray material.

PMID- 6363558
TI  - Partial denture cum obturator prosthesis.

PMID- 6363559
TI  - Induction of dental caries: an "in vitro" study by five selected strains of micro
      organisms.

PMID- 6363560
TI  - Obturator cum partial denture prosthesis - a rational approach: a case report.

PMID- 6363561
TI  - Composite luting cements for resin-bonded appliances.

PMID- 6363562
TI  - Escherichia coli diarrhoea.

PMID- 6363563
TI  - Bacteraemia in streptococcal infections of the throat.
AB  - In two patients seen recently in North Yorkshire, systemic infection with
      Streptococcus pyogenes appeared to originate from the upper respiratory tract;
      such infection is now rarely reported from the more developed countries. A study
      was arranged to detect bacteraemia in patients with sore throat: of 343 patients
      tested 93 yielded beta-haemolytic streptococci from the respiratory tract, but
      streptococcal bacteraemia was detected in none. These results suggest that
      clinically unsuspected streptococcal bacteraemia is uncommon in such patients.

PMID- 6363564
TI  - The seasonal pattern of Plasmodium vivax malaria in Glasgow.
AB  - The relationship between exposure to Plasmodium vivax infection and the onset of
      fever in travellers returning to Glasgow from the Indian subcontinent is
      presented. Infection appears more likely in those who travel during the second
      half of the year and following the monsoon. Most attacks of malaria begin during
      the summer months in Scotland irrespective of the dates of travel.

PMID- 6363565
TI  - Successful treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa meningitis with ceftazidime.

PMID- 6363566
TI  - Deposition of the membrane attack complex of complement in bullous pemphigoid.
AB  - Bullous pemphigoid is associated with deposition of IgG and C3 at the dermal
      epidermal junction. In order to see whether complement activation in bullous
      pemphigoid resulted in deposition of membrane attack complex (MAC) at the
      basement membrane zone, skin biopsies from patients with bullous pemphigoid were
      examined using a direct immunofluorescence technique. By employing a monoclonal
      antibody to a neoantigen of C9, the MAC was demonstrated in linear pattern at the
      basement membrane zone. These deposits were seen in both involved and uninvolved
      skin but the amount of MAC was greater in involved skin as judged by intensity of
      staining. Stippled deposits of MAC were also present in or around epidermal basal
      cells. The MAC could be generated in vitro by reaction of normal plasma with
      antibasement membrane antibody bound to sections of monkey esophagus. The IgG
      antibody activated complement and this complement activation proceeded all the
      way to the terminal step.

PMID- 6363567
TI  - Differentiating anti-lamina lucida and anti-sublamina densa anti-BMZ antibodies
      by indirect immunofluorescence on 1.0 M sodium chloride-separated skin.
AB  - Sixty-one bullous disease sera containing IgG anti-BMZ antibodies were examined
      by indirect immunofluorescence on intact skin and skin separated through the
      lamina lucida by incubation in 1.0 M NaCl. All sera produced an indistinguishable
      pattern of linear immunofluorescence on intact skin at dilutions of 1:10 or
      higher. On separated skin, antibodies bound to either the epidermal (epidermal
      pattern), dermal (dermal pattern), or epidermal and dermal (combined pattern)
      sides of the separation. The binding patterns were consistent on separated skin
      from several donors and titers of anti-basement membrane zone antibodies on
      separated skin were comparable to those on intact skin. Sera from 3 patients with
      herpes gestationis (HG), 36 patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP), and 1 patient
      with clinical and histologic features of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA)
      showed an epidermal pattern. Sera from 9 patients with BP showed a combined
      pattern and sera from 6 patients with EBA and 6 patients with clinical and
      histologic features of BP showed a dermal pattern. Indirect immunoelectron
      microscopy of selected sera showed antibodies producing the epidermal and
      combined patterns were anti-lamina lucida antibodies and those producing the
      dermal pattern were anti-sublamina densa antibodies. These results show indirect
      immunofluorescence on separated skin is a dependable method for differentiating
      bullous disease anti-lamina lucida and anti-sublamina densa antibodies and that
      differentiating between the antibodies is essential for accurate diagnosis in
      some patients. The results also suggest BP anti-lamina lucida antibodies may have
      more than one antigenic specificity.

PMID- 6363568
TI  - Fibronectin in basal cell epithelioma: sources and significance.
AB  - Nodular basal cell epitheliomas (BCE) contain fibronectin both within tumor
      nodules and at the nodule-stroma interface (basement membrane zone). Fibronectin
      within or at the periphery of tumor nodules could be derived from the tumor
      cells, from entrapped stroma, or from plasma. The present study was designed to
      elucidate the source(s) of fibronectin within BCE nodules. If stromal entrapment
      occurred to any great extent, von Willebrand factor VIII:Ag-stained blood vessels
      within tumor nodules should be evident by immunofluorescence techniques.
      Likewise, if plasma proteins were deposited in BCE, the tumor nodules should
      stain with fluorescein-conjugated antifibrinogen antibodies. Therefore, 6 basal
      cell epitheliomas were double labeled with rhodamine-conjugated antihuman
      fibronectin and fluorescein-conjugated antihuman factor VIII:Ag or fluorescein
      labeled antihuman fibrinogen. Fibronectin was present in a linear disposition
      along the margin of tumor lobules and as a fine filamentous deposit in the
      central portions of tumor tissue. There was no evidence of fibrinogen or factor
      VIII:Ag in any of the tumor lobules. Factor VIII:Ag was present in a granular
      pattern within blood vessel walls that coursed between tumor nests. An indirect
      immunoperoxidase technique using rabbit antihuman fibronectin and peroxidase
      labeled goat antirabbit IgG demonstrated that fibronectin within the central
      portion of the tumor lobules was closely associated with the tumor cells. The
      absence of fibrinogen and factor VIII:Ag within the tumor tissue indicates that
      the fibronectin is probably not plasma- or stroma-derived while immunoperoxidase
      data suggest that fibronectin may be a product of BCE cells.

PMID- 6363569
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of Giardia lamblia in fecal
      specimens.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection of
      Giardia lamblia in human feces. The assay could detect between 37 and 375
      trophozoites from cultures and between 12.5 and 125 cysts purified from human
      stool. Stool specimens were positive by ELISA in 36 (92%) of 39 patients with
      giardiasis; negative specimens came from patients with low numbers of parasites
      in their stool. In 10 patients stools became negative by ELISA after successful
      treatment. Stool specimens were positive by ELISA in three (2%) of 128 patients
      without demonstrable Giardia organisms in their stools; one positive specimen was
      from a child with IgA deficiency and diarrhea who responded clinically to
      metronidazole. The ELISA is a simple, sensitive, and specific diagnostic test for
      G lamblia that will be useful in diagnosis, in follow-up treatment, and in large
      scale studies directed at defining the epidemiology and pathophysiology of G
      lamblia infection.

PMID- 6363570
TI  - Serum beta-2-microglobulin in intestinal and hepatosplenic bilharziasis.

PMID- 6363571
TI  - Counter immunoelectrophoresis as immunodiagnostic test for toxoplasmosis.

PMID- 6363572
TI  - The effect of levamisole on the filarial skin test.

PMID- 6363573
TI  - Indirect fluorescent antibody technique for diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis.

PMID- 6363574
TI  - Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Egypt. Historical background and current knowledge.

PMID- 6363575
TI  - In vitro release of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) from the
      hypothalamus in pregnant rats.
AB  - Using the superfusion system, the basal LH-RH release from the hypothalamus was
      investigated during pregnancy in rats. Pregnant rats were sacrificed on day 10,
      15, 18 and 21 of pregnancy by decapitation. The hypothalamus was taken out as a
      block, and superfused with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer in conditions of 37
      degrees C, 95% O2 + 5% CO2. The changes in LH-RH concentrations in the superfused
      medium were measured using a radioimmunoassay for LH-RH. Serum LH levels were
      significantly decreased from day 10 to 15, but increased rapidly from day 18 to
      21. On the other hand, the release of LH-RH from the hypothalamus remained stable
      until day 18, followed by a significant increase on day 21. These results
      suggested that the decrease in LH secretion from day 10 to 15 would not be due to
      the changes in LH-RH release, while the increase in serum LH levels on day 21
      might depend on the increase in the release of LH-RH.

PMID- 6363576
TI  - [Neuraminidase activity in gingival crevicular fluid].

PMID- 6363577
TI  - [Experimental study on compression neuropathy--determination of blood flow by a
      hydrogen washout technic].
AB  - The role of ischemia in the pathophysiology of compression neuropathy is still a
      subject of debate. Nor is the effect on blood supply induced by neurolysis for
      this lesion so clearly elucidated. In order to shed some light on these problems,
      two series of experiments were undertaken. In the first series of experiments,
      the changes in intrafascicular blood flow and nerve function when acute, graded
      compression was applied to a dog's sciatic nerve by a specially designed
      compression device were investigated by means of the hydrogen washout technique,
      electrophysiological study and histological observation. In the second series,
      Type II injury according to the classification of Sunderland was experimentally
      caused by embedding a compression device for three weeks, and the intrafascicular
      blood flow of this model was measured by using the embedded electrode for the
      hydrogen clearance method. Furthermore, the blood flow before and after
      neurolysis for this lesion was compared, and cases in which internal neurolysis
      had been performed were observed after one and three weeks. The intrafascicular
      blood flow was decreased at 47.2 +/- 3.7 (mean +/- S.D.) mmHg, with increasing
      pressure, blood flow gradually declined and a statistically significant
      correlation was shown between the values (r=-0.77, p less than 0.01). This
      completely stopped at 118.6 +/- 5.9 mmHg (p less than 0.001). The effect of
      compression on intrafascicular blood flow was immediately observed and
      disappeared at once after release of the compression. An actual pressure of 118.6
      mmHg maintained for 75 minutes produced complete conduction block, which was
      immediately recovered after release of the compression, though more slowly than
      the blood flow. When the compression device was applied, the intrafascicular
      blood flow was reduced to about 80% of the precompression level (p less than
      0.05) and this reduction remained unchanged after three weeks (p less than 0.01),
      at which time the nerve had sustained the Type II injury. After the removal of
      the device, the blood flow was restored to more than the precompression level (p
      less than 0.01). Following this, when external neurolysis was performed, a slight
      reduction of blood flow was observed. After internal neurolysis, however, a
      remarkable reduction was noticed, the blood flow decreasing to about 20% of the
      precompression value (p less than 0.01). The blood flow after internal neurolysis
      was restored to about 70% of the precompression level after one week and, three
      weeks later, remained about the same.

PMID- 6363578
TI  - [Pathophysiology and treatment of habitual anterior dislocation of the shoulder
      joint].

PMID- 6363579
TI  - [Treatment of malignant tumors with autotransplantation of the bone marrow
      combined with high-dose chemotherapy].

PMID- 6363580
TI  - [Case of primary amyloidosis with amyloid A(AA) protein].

PMID- 6363581
TI  - Inhibition of epinephrine-exacerbated coronary thrombus formation by prostacyclin
      in the dog.
AB  - We studied the effect of intravenous prostacyclin (PGI2) infusion on epinephrine
      exacerbation of platelet-mediated acute coronary thrombus formation in an in vivo
      canine model of coronary artery stenosis. Platelet thrombi form in mechanically
      stenosed dog circumflex coronary arteries, producing cyclical reductions in
      coronary blood flow (CRF) as measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter probe. In
      the present study nine of 10 dogs exhibited spontaneously occurring CRF. With
      epinephrine (E) infusions of 10 micrograms/min CRF frequency increased 64% (p
      less than 0.025), CRF magnitude increased 27.1% (p less than 0.05), and the rate
      of flow decline increased 112.8%, indicating that the rate of thrombus formation
      increased with E infusion (p less than 0.005). When an identical E infusion was
      accompanied by simultaneous PGI2 infusion (150 ng/kg/min), CRF were abolished in
      nine of 10 dogs and markedly inhibited in the other. After the 10 min of
      simultaneous E and PGI2 infusion, E infusion alone was continued. There was a
      recurrence of CRF within 2.49 +/- 0.89 min after cessation of PGI2 infusion.
      However, CRF frequency in the subsequent 10 min was less than the frequency of
      CRF during the initial E infusion (p less than 0.10) and not significantly
      different from that of the control period (no E infusion). The rate of flow
      decline and magnitude during the final E infusion after cessation of PGI2
      infusion were not significantly different from those of the initial E infusion.
      Prostacyclin infusion in the coronary care unit may be potentially beneficial in
      cases of acute myocardial ischemia where elevated catecholamines are a
      thrombogenic stimulus.

PMID- 6363582
TI  - Computers in medicine.

PMID- 6363583
TI  - Experimental and clinical studies in otitis media with effusion: the role of
      carbocisteine.

PMID- 6363584
TI  - Betahistine dihydrochloride in the treatment of vertigo of peripheral vestibular
      origin. A double-blind placebo-controlled study.
AB  - A double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled study of betahistine
      dihydrochloride (12 mg, t.i.d.) was carried out in patients with vertigo of
      peripheral vestibular origin. Twenty-four patients completed the study, which
      consisted of two six-week treatment periods. The patients were diagnosed as
      suffering from Meniere's disease (15 patients), vertigo due to other (specified)
      causes (five patients), or vertigo of unknown origin (four patients). Patients
      were examined by the investigator at the start of the study and were re-assessed
      at three-weekly intervals. In addition, they recorded the nature, frequency and
      severity of their symptoms on diary cards. Both the incidence and severity of
      dizziness (the predominant presenting complaint) were found to be significantly
      reduced during betahistine treatment (p = 0.004). The occurrence of nausea and
      vomiting was also significantly reduced during betahistine treatment (p = 0.014
      and 0.036 respectively). There were no statistically significant differences in
      the results of audiometric or vestibulometric tests, or in the severity of
      tinnitus or deafness, between the two treatment periods. The overall comparisons
      of the two periods made by both the patients and the investigator were
      significantly in favour of betahistine (p less than 0.001). All diagnostic groups
      responded favourably to betahistine, confirming the efficacy of betahistine in
      the symptomatic treatment of peripheral vestibular vertigo. No unwanted signs or
      symptoms were reported.

PMID- 6363585
TI  - Medicine in early Georgia (Savannah).

PMID- 6363586
TI  - Management of pituitary adenomas.

PMID- 6363587
TI  - Physical and genetic characterization of Rhizobium meliloti symbiotic mutants.
AB  - A set of 19 symbiotic mutants of Rhizobium meliloti obtained by a Tn5 "suicide
      plasmid" mutagenesis procedure was characterized genetically and physically. As
      part of this characterization, we showed that R. meliloti strain 1021, like other
      R. meliloti strains, contains a very large indigenous plasmid (greater than 300
      Md) that carries the structural genes for nitrogenase (nifHDK genes). Among the
      19 symbiotic mutations studied, at least six were shown to reside on the
      megaplasmid. By a "walking procedure" we obtained from a cosmid clone bank a set
      of overlapping cosmids that contained megaplasmid sequences contiguous to nifHDK.
      A 90 kb region of contiguous DNA from these cosmids was used to probe the mutant
      strains for rearrangements within this region. The same six mutations that were
      located on the megaplasmid mapped within the 90 kb region examined, which
      included the structural genes for nitrogenase (nifHDK). A majority of the
      mutations characterized in this study could not be correlated with a bona fide
      Tn5 insertion into a symbiotic gene.

PMID- 6363588
TI  - Reconstitution of plant nitrate reductase by Escherichia coli extracts and the
      molecular cloning of the chlA gene of Escherichia coli K12.
AB  - Extracts from Escherichia coli, wild type and chlB, chlC, chlD, chlE, and chlG,
      but not chlA mutants, were able to reconstitute the nitrate reductase activity in
      Nicotiana tabacum cnx68 and Hyoscyamus muticus MA-2 mutant extracts. Because
      cnx68 and MA-2 lack the molybdenum cofactor required for nitrate reductase
      activity, these results indicate that the functional chlA gene is essential to
      produce the molybdenum cofactor in E. coli. A clone containing a gene capable of
      complementing the chlA mutation SA493 was obtained on a large cosmid pJT1. A 1.9
      kb BclI fragment subcloned from pJT1 in the vector plasmid pBR322 was shown to
      complement the chlA SA493 mutant when inserted in either of the two possible
      orientations. This suggested that the chlA gene was contained intact, including
      its own promoter, on the 1.9 kb BclI fragment.

PMID- 6363589
TI  - Possible role of dopamine in changes in LH and prolactin concentrations after
      experimentally induced hyperprolactinaemia in rats.
AB  - Nine-month-old female rats bearing an ectopic pituitary gland (from a litter
      mate) under the right kidney capsule since day 30 of life and their sham-operated
      controls, were treated with a dopamine agonist (lysuride) or antagonist
      (metoclopramide). Plasma prolactin and LH levels were measured by double-antibody
      radioimmunoassays. Vaginal smears were taken before and during the treatment
      periods. Eight months after the operation, a significant (P less than 0.01)
      increase in basal prolactin levels together with a significant (P less than 0.05)
      reduction in LH values and permanent dioestrus occurred in the grafted animals
      when compared with controls. Lysuride treatment resulted in a marked reduction in
      plasma prolactin levels both in control and grafted rats over the whole 12 days
      of treatment, together with a partial restoration of plasma LH levels on day 1.
      From day 7 onwards a depression in LH values was again observed. Oestrous cycles
      were partially restored at the beginning of the treatment, but after 7 days
      dioestrus returned. Metoclopramide administration induced a significant (P less
      than 0.001) increase in basal prolactin levels in both grafted and control rats.
      Basal plasma LH values were unaffected in controls when compared with vehicle
      treated animals. An increase could be seen in hyperprolactinaemic rats after 7 or
      12 days of treatment however. The LH response to the administration of LH
      releasing hormone (LHRH) was greater in the experimental and control
      metoclopramide-treated rats when compared with vehicle-treated rats.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6363590
TI  - Effect of glucose on insulin biosynthesis and beta cell ultrastructure in
      cultured fetal rat pancreas.
AB  - Pancreatic rudiments from 14-day fetal rats were cultured whole for 8 days in
      medium containing 5.5 or 16.5 mmol glucose/l (1G or 3G medium). Rudiments grown
      in 3G medium (3G cells) contained more DNA and insulin than those grown in 1G
      medium (1G cells) but there was no alteration in the insulin/DNA ratio or the
      fractional area of the rudiment occupied by insulin-containing cells.
      Morphometric analysis of ultrastructure revealed that the beta cells grown in 3G
      medium were smaller and had smaller nuclei than those grown in 1G medium. The
      size of exocrine cell nuclei in 1G or 3G medium was similar. Insulin granules
      occupied a greater proportion of the cytoplasmic volume in rudiments grown in 3G
      medium although the mean absolute volume of insulin granules per cell grown in 1G
      and 3G media was similar. Hence the residual cytoplasmic volume (cell--nucleus
      and granules) of 3G cells was less than that of 1G cells. Insulin granules from
      3G cells had smaller granule sacs and cores than those from 1G cells. It is
      concluded that glucose stimulates the growth of rat fetal pancreas in vitro and
      has important effects on beta cell ultrastructure.

PMID- 6363591
TI  - Inhibition by corticosterone of calcium inflow and insulin release in rat
      pancreatic islets.
AB  - Corticosterone (0.6 mumol/l) inhibited both 45Ca outflow and insulin release
      evoked by glucose, the combination of leucine and glutamine, 2-ketoisocaproate,
      gliclazide or the association of gliclazide and a tumour-promoting phorbol ester
      in rat pancreatic islets perifused at normal extracellular Ca2+ concentration
      (1.0 mmol/l). In all cases, the inhibitory action of corticosterone reached
      statistical significance within 10-22 min of exposure to this steroid and failed
      to be rapidly reversible. Corticosterone failed to affect basal 45Ca outflow and
      insulin release. The steroid also failed to affect the inhibitory action of
      glucose upon 45Ca outflow, as judged from either the glucose-induced early fall
      in effluent radioactivity from islets maintained at normal extracellular Ca2+
      concentration or the steady-state values for 45Ca outflow from glucose-stimulated
      but Ca2+-deprived islets. Corticosterone caused a modest increase in 86Rb outflow
      from islets perifused in the presence of glucose (16.7 mmol/l). It is concluded
      that corticosterone impairs Ca2+ inflow into the islet cells and, by doing so,
      causes a progressive inhibition of insulin release. The pancreatic B cell might
      thus serve as a further model for the study of the rapid biological response to
      steroids, as presumably mediated by alteration in the biophysical properties of
      the plasma membrane.

PMID- 6363592
TI  - Inhibitory effect of androgen on the synthesis of proteinase F in the male mouse
      submandibular gland.
AB  - Androgenic regulation of one of the esteroproteinases (proteinase F) in the mouse
      submandibular gland was studied using specific antiserum. In contrast to
      esteroproteinases such as proteinases A, D or P-esterase, proteinase F content in
      male but not in female mice was increased by gonadectomy and decreased by the
      injection of various androgens. In-vivo incorporation of [3H]leucine into
      proteinase F in males was increased after castration and decreased by the
      injection of testosterone propionate; androgens inhibited the de-novo synthesis
      of proteinase F in male mice. The dose-response curves for testosterone
      propionate and time-courses following castration or after the injection of
      testosterone propionate were reciprocal between proteinase F and total
      esteroproteinase activity. Proteinase F, like other esteroproteinases in the
      submandibular gland of the mouse, was localized in granular convoluted tubular
      cells. These data indicate that granular convoluted tubular cells of the male
      mouse submandibular gland synthesize both androgen-inducible proteinases and
      androgen-inhibitory proteinase (proteinase F).

PMID- 6363593
TI  - Physiology of IgD. IV. Enhancement of antibody production in mice bearing IgD
      secreting plasmacytomas.
AB  - Immune responses to trinitrophenylated hemocyanin (TNP-KLH), Ficoll (TNP-Ficoll),
      and Brucella abortus (TNP-BA) were examined in BALB/c mice bearing subcutaneous
      transplants of TEPC-1017 and TEPC-1033, the two known IgD-secreting BALB/c
      plasmacytomas. Both primary and secondary 19S and 7S splenic plaque-forming cell
      (PFC) responses in spleen to intravenously injected TNP-KLH were enhanced three
      to fivefold. Primary responses to TNP-Ficoll were 1.5-2 times higher than in
      control mice (particularly the 7S PFC response). Primary responses to TNP-BA were
      enhanced by TEPC-1017 but suppressed by TEPC-1033, while secondary responses to
      TNP-BA were enhanced three to sevenfold by both tumors. Intraperitoneal
      injections of ascites fluid from mice bearing TEPC-1017 or TEPC-1033, or of IgD
      isolated from such ascites fluid, caused a similar enhancement of the primary
      response to TNP-KLH, as did the tumor itself, particularly when injected
      approximately 1 wk before antigen injection. IgD-containing ascites fluid had no
      effect on the response of athymic (nu/nu) BALB/c mice to TNP-KLH. These findings
      suggest the existence of an IgD-responsive immunoregulatory T cell.

PMID- 6363594
TI  - Spontaneous internalization of Class I major histocompatibility complex molecules
      in T lymphoid cells.
AB  - A low proportion of T lymphocytes in normal mouse spleen contains small
      intracytoplasmic vesicles showing Class I MHC molecules. After stimulation in
      vitro in a mixed lymphocyte reaction or by addition of Con A, the proportion of T
      cells with such intracytoplasmic vesicles increases progressively and becomes the
      majority. Labeling with fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies has shown that the
      vesicles are formed by internalization of molecules from the plasma membrane. The
      process is spontaneous and does not require cross-linking by antibodies or other
      ligands; it is selective inasmuch as other molecules (Thy-1 and T200 antigens)
      are not included and it is specific since it is not performed by other cells such
      as B lymphoid cells or fibroblasts. On the whole the process shows similarities
      with the internalization and recycling of other receptors, such as the receptors
      for different macromolecules of metabolic or informational significance, as seen
      in other cells. On the other hand, the specificity of Class I MHC mobilization in
      T lymphoid cells suggest a role for this process which is related to the immune
      function of these molecules.

PMID- 6363595
TI  - Serologic cross-reactivity between Class I MHC molecules and an H-2-linked
      differentiation antigen as detected by monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Analysis of anti-Class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) monoclonal
      antibodies by immunofluorescence and flow microfluorometry demonstrated an
      unexpected cross-reactivity. Two of fifteen antibodies examined (20-8-4, anti
      Kb,Kd,r,s and 34-1-2, antiKd,Dd,Kb,r,s,q,p) were observed to detect an antigen
      determined by gene(s) mapping to the right of H-2D. Two-color immunofluorescence
      analysis demonstrated that this antigen, unlike classical H-2K and D antigens,
      was expressed in high amounts on peripheral T cells, but only weakly on Ia
      positive cells and on small subpopulations of thymus and bone marrow cells.
      Mapping, absorption, blocking, and tissue distribution studies suggested that the
      cross-reactive antigen is Qa-like, but distinct from previously described Qa
      antigens. Thus, these data demonstrate serological cross-reactivity between a
      Class I MHC antigen and a differentiation antigen determined by genes linked to H
      2. It seems likely that the gene responsible for this new antigen is one of the
      numerous Class I-like sequences detected by DNA hybridization analyses, but
      previously undefined in terms of tissue expression. These data suggest that many
      of these DNA sequences may be expressed in specific tissues and that cross
      reactions of anti-Class I MAbs may provide useful probes for studying the
      products of such homologous genes.

PMID- 6363596
TI  - Immunocytochemical identification and quantitation of the mononuclear cells in
      the cerebrospinal fluid, meninges, and brain during acute viral
      meningoencephalitis.
AB  - The mononuclear cells of the central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory response
      were characterized in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), meningeal exudate, and brain
      parenchyma of mice 3-14 d after infection with Sindbis virus. The inflammatory
      infiltrate in CSF peaked and resolved before that of the parenchyma or meningeal
      exudate. Immunoperoxidase staining with monoclonal antibodies identified CSF
      inflammatory cells to be almost exclusively T cells, while inflammatory cells in
      the brain parenchymal perivascular cuffs and the meninges were a mixture of T
      cells, B cells, and macrophages. The percentage of B cells and macrophages
      increased at the later time points. Approximately 20% of CSF and 50% of the cells
      present early in the perivascular cuffs were not identified, suggesting that
      another subset of inflammatory cells may be present. We concluded that
      significant differences exist in the time course and cellular composition of the
      inflammatory responses in different compartments of the CNS during an acute viral
      infection.

PMID- 6363597
TI  - Monoclonal anti-Lyt-2.2 antibody blocks lectin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of
      H-2-negative target cells.
AB  - The hypothesis that blocking of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated cytolysis
      with anti-Lyt-2 antibodies acts at the level of inhibiting the interaction of the
      Lyt-2-bearing structure with H-2 class I molecules was tested. In agreement with
      the findings of others, purified anti-Lyt-2.2 inhibited both antigen-specific
      lysis and lectin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (LDCC). LDCC of H-2-positive and
      H-2-negative target cells was similarly inhibited by this antibody. As expected,
      this effect was specific for CTL expressing the Lyt-2.2 allele, in contrast to
      blocking with a rat monoclonal antibody to the murine LFA-1 antigen. The
      implications of this finding for the function of the Lyt-2 antigen in CTL-target
      cell interaction are discussed.

PMID- 6363598
TI  - The thyroid "microsomal" antibody revisited. Its paradoxical binding in vivo to
      the apical surface of the follicular epithelium.
AB  - We have shown that thyroid monolayers derived from the glands of patients with
      autoimmune thyroid disease have immunoglobulin (Ig) bound to their surface. This
      appears to have been deposited in vivo rather than during preparation of the
      monolayers, a view supported by our finding of such deposits on the apical margin
      of follicular cells in sections cut from these glands and stained with conjugated
      anti-immunoglobulin. It is likely that these deposits represent specific binding
      of so-called "microsomal" autoantibodies to the surface of the thyroid cells in
      vivo since staining of partially disrupted follicles ("half-melons") with
      Hashimoto serum containing microsomal autoantibodies in the indirect
      immunofluorescence (IFL) test, localized the antigen on the apical surface of the
      cells lining the follicular cavity. Thus, paradoxically, although the antigen is
      relatively inaccessible, autoantibodies do reach and combine with the thyroid
      surface in vivo and may therefore play a role in pathogenesis.

PMID- 6363599
TI  - Differential effects of hydrogen peroxide on indices of endothelial cell
      function.
AB  - The responses of pig aortic endothelial cells to sublethal doses of potentially
      toxic stimuli were investigated by monitoring K+ efflux, prostaglandin
      production, and the release of cytoplasmic purines. Xanthine plus xanthine
      oxidase reversibly stimulated these three parameters of endothelial cell function
      at doses that were not cytotoxic, as measured by chromium release, adenine
      uptake, and vital dye exclusion. The effects of xanthine plus xanthine oxidase
      were inhibited by catalase but not by superoxide dismutase, suggesting that H2O2
      was responsible. Reagent H2O2 also reversibly stimulated K+ efflux, prostaglandin
      production, and the release of purines. The threshold concentration of H2O2 for
      these effects was approximately 10 microM, which was at least 30-fold lower than
      that which caused cytotoxicity. In addition to the direct effect of H2O2 in
      stimulating prostaglandin production (PGI2 and PGE2), prior exposure of
      endothelial cells to lower doses of H2O2 (less than 0.1 microM) at high oxygen
      tension inhibited the subsequent stimulation of prostaglandin production by ATP,
      A23187, and H2O2 itself. We conclude that H2O2 has substantial effects on
      endothelial physiology at doses up to 3,000-fold lower than those which induce
      cytotoxicity.

PMID- 6363600
TI  - Monocytosis in the BXSB model for systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Autoimmunity in BXSB mice is associated with a progressive increase in the number
      of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). This is due to a marked rise in
      circulating monocytes, identified by: (a) their appearance on light and electron
      microscopy; (b) their surface antigenic characteristics; (c) their expression of
      Fc receptors; and (d) their capacity for phagocytosis. Among murine models for
      systemic lupus erythematosus, only the BXSB strain is characterized by
      monocytosis, suggesting that cells of monocytic lineage may contribute
      significantly to the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease in BXSB mice.

PMID- 6363601
TI  - Comparative study of active and inactive plasma renin in healthy infants and
      adults.
AB  - Active, inactive and total plasma renin activity (obtained after cryoactivation),
      active, inactive and total plasma renin concentration (obtained after acid
      activation) and plasma angiotensin II were measured in 20 healthy infants and in
      20 healthy adults. Active plasma renin activity but not active plasma renin
      concentration or plasma angiotensin II were significantly higher in the infants.
      In the latter both cryoactivation and acid activation resulted in a nearly 100%
      increase of the mean active plasma renin activity or active plasma renin
      concentration. Therefore the active fraction represented 0.5 of total renin with
      both methods. This was different in adults, where acid activation was more
      effective than cryoactivation. In adults, plasma angiotensin II was correlated
      only with active plasma renin activity and active plasma renin concentration; in
      contrast, plasma angiotensin II of infants was correlated with both active plasma
      renin activity, and with inactive plasma renin activity.

PMID- 6363602
TI  - Insulin binding to erythrocytes before and after changing from porcine to
      biosynthetic human insulin in children with type-I diabetes.
AB  - The binding of [125I]insulin to isolated erythrocytes from diabetic children (n =
      27) before (group a) as well as one and five months after changing from porcine
      to biosynthetic human insulin (groups b and c) was investigated. An analysis of
      variance of the binding parameters, determined by a nonlinear regression
      procedure, yielded statistically significant differences between the receptor
      affinities Ka as well as between the receptor concentrations Xo of the groups a
      and b, a and c and b and c. (formula: see text). The results suggest that the
      change from porcine insulin to biosynthetic human insulin induces a short-term as
      well as long-term increase in the affinity, and a decrease in the concentration
      of the erythrocyte insulin receptors.

PMID- 6363603
TI  - Insulin binding to erythrocytes in children with type-I diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Specific binding of [125I]insulin to isolated erythrocytes was investigated in
      four groups of children (A) Healthy children under 10 years of age (n = 20) (B)
      Healthy children over 10 years of age (n = 13) (C) Diabetic children under 10
      years of age (n = 12) (D) Diabetic children over 10 years of age (n = 63). In
      addition, all diabetic children (n = 75) were subdivided into four groups
      according to the duration of diabetes. (E) less than 2 years, (F) 2--4 years, (G)
      4--6 years, and (H) greater than 6 years. By means of a nonlinear regression
      analysis for the extraction of binding parameters (assuming a single receptor
      class model with independent receptor sites) and methods of variance analysis,
      statistically significant differences were observed for the receptor affinities
      Ka (10(8) l/mol) and the receptor concentrations X0 (nmol/l) between groups A and
      C, B and D, C and D, but not between A and B. The affinities of groups C and D
      were found to be higher than the corresponding values of groups A and B, whereas
      the receptor concentrations exhibited an inverse behaviour. A significant
      increase of the receptor concentration and decrease of the receptor affinity
      depending on the duration of diabetes could only be proved to exist during the
      first 2 years of the disease.

PMID- 6363604
TI  - The influence of tracers on insulin binding to human erythrocytes.
AB  - We studied insulin binding to human erythrocytes using two different 125I-insulin
      tracers. Erythrocytes of 8 normal subjects were examined using [mono-125II-(Tyr A
      14)insulin as tracer. Three of these erythrocyte preparations were examined
      simultaneously using [125I]insulin, which was randomly iodinated by the
      chloramine-T-method. Data were analysed by a computerized non-linear least
      squares procedure both on the basis of one and two class receptor models. Only
      the one class receptor model yielded consistent results. When the two class
      receptor model was applied the low affinity branch of the Scatchard plot was not
      reproducible. On the basis of the one class receptor model the number of receptor
      sites was lower (R0 = 0.046 +/- 0.006 nmol/l equivalent to 6.3 +/- 0.8
      receptors/erythrocyte) with [mono-125I-(Tyr A 14)]insulin as compared to
      [125I]insulin randomly iodinated by the chloramine-T method (R0 = 0.070 +/- 0.008
      nmol/l equivalent to 9.6 +/- 1.1 receptors/erythrocyte). Conversely, the affinity
      of the [mono-125I-(Tyr A 14)]insulin was higher (Ka = 2.6 +/- 0.3 x 10(9) l . mol
      1 vs. 1.9 +/- 0.2 x 10(9) l . mol-1.

PMID- 6363605
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of laminin within the mouse.
AB  - Laminin, a noncollagenous glycoprotein, was observed in the mouse ovary using a
      direct immunofluorescence technique. Laminin was localized within the basal
      lamina underlying growing and atretic ovarian follicles, blood vessels, and the
      germinal epithelium. In addition, laminin was also present at the periphery of
      individual corpora lutea cells. The presence of laminin in the basal lamina
      underlying ovarian follicles may be important for the passage of material between
      the follicle cells and the connective tissue stroma. In addition, its location
      around the corpora lutea cells may reflect an involvement in cell to cell contact
      as well as intercellular communication.

PMID- 6363606
TI  - Developmental aspects of X chromosome inactivation in eutherian and metatherian
      mammals.
AB  - The single active X principle has served for two decades as a focal point for
      research on the cyclic activation and inactivation of gene loci. Differences in X
      chromosome inactivation patterns of eutherian and marsupial mammals provide
      probes for investigating the mechanisms of the X inactivation process. In
      eutherian mammals, the X chromosome is inactivated early in meiotic prophase in
      males and remains inactive throughout the rest of spermatogenesis. During meiosis
      in females, the inactive X chromosome is activated so that both X chromosomes are
      active in oocytes. During the early cleavage divisions of female embryos, the
      paternally derived X is activated. It and the maternally derived X remain active
      until differentiation begins in early embryogenesis. At that time, the paternally
      derived X is inactivated in cells that give rise to extraembryonic membranes,
      whereas a random process determines which X chromosome is inactivated in cells
      that give rise to the embryo itself. Although less is known about developmental
      aspects of X inactivation in female marsupials, it is clear that the paternal X
      is preferentially inactive in postembryonic somatic cells. Furthermore, the
      paternal X is partially active at some loci in some cell types, indicating that
      it is not regulated as a single unit. The successful adaptation of a small (80
      150 g), fecund marsupial to simple laboratory conditions now enables extensive
      experimentation on the large number of marsupials at various developmental
      stages. This capability, coupled with the application of newly developed cellular
      and molecular techniques to questions about X chromosome inactivation, shows
      great promise for advancing our understanding of the mechanisms that control the
      cyclic behavior of X chromosome activity.

PMID- 6363607
TI  - Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-linked genes affecting development.
AB  - Genes affecting growth and development which are linked to the major
      histocompatibility complex have been found in the mouse (t-complex) and in the
      rat (growth and reproduction complex, grc), and there is some evidence that they
      also exist in humans. The genes of the t-complex have different effects depending
      upon the specific combinations involved: skeletal and fertility abnormalities,
      complete or partial embryonic mortality, high transmission ratios (segregation
      distortion) in males, high level of linkage disequilibrium with H-2, and
      suppression of recombination over the adjacent portion of the chromosome. The grc
      in the homozygous state causes small body size, sterility in the male and reduced
      fertility in the female, partial embryonic mortality, and a high level of linkage
      disequilibrium with RT1. It also interacts epistatically with the heterozygous
      Tal (tail anomaly lethal) gene to cause complete embryonic death. Mice carrying t
      haplotypes and rats carrying the grc have an antigen in the male germ cells which
      cross-reacts very strongly (t-antigen). Suggestive evidence for such genes in
      humans comes from (1) studies on the relationship between skeletal defects and
      HLA haplotypes; (2) the association of specific HLA and complement haplotypes
      with a high transmission ratio in males, linkage disequilibrium among certain HLA
      and complement specificities and suppression of recombination in some MHC
      haplotypes; and (3) the lack of homozygotes in an isolated inbreeding population
      of desert nomads (Kel Kummer Tuaregs). In addition, immunogenetic studies on
      couples having chronic spontaneous abortions suggest that there is an unusually
      high incidence of homozygosity for the HLA-D/DR and HLA-A loci in these couples,
      and this finding is consistent with the presence of linked loci which behave like
      t or grc.

PMID- 6363608
TI  - Production of genetically identical sets of mammals: cloning?
AB  - In the past few years, there has been phenomenal progress in producing
      genetically identical mammalian multiplets by asexual means. The simplest method
      is to divide embryos into two, three, or four parts, and transfer the parts to
      surrogate mothers for gestation to term. Another approach is to inject nuclei
      from totipotent embryonic cells into fertilized one-cell embryos and to remove
      both male and female pronuclei. When these embryos reach the blastocyst stage,
      nuclei from their totipotent cells can be removed and injected into one-cell
      embryos, thus amplifying the process ad infinitum. Subsets of these embryos can
      be stored in liquid nitrogen to make genetic material for additional copies
      available indefinitely. Some of these techniques are fairly efficacious, others
      are not. No reliable techniques are available for making genetic copies of
      nonhomozygous adult mammals (or other vertebrates) unless samples of embryonic
      cells were cryopreserved when the individuals were embryos. However, injection of
      nuclei of spermatogonia into enucleated one-cell embryos is a promising strategy.
      The genetic totipotency of these nuclei is obvious since they become gamete
      nuclei. Moreover, the birth of mice from the diploidized genetic material of a
      single X-bearing spermatozoan after removal of the female pronucleus from a one
      cell fertilized embryo suggests that we should eventually be able to make genetic
      copies of adult male mammals. This approach would not work for adult females
      because their oogonia have all become oocytes, and the DNA configuration in
      oocytes is not identical to somatic cells due to meiotic crossing over.

PMID- 6363609
TI  - Intra- and interspecific embryo transfer.
AB  - The procedures that are collectively referred to as embryo transfer (ET) have
      many uses. They were first used as research tools to study fetal-maternal
      physiology. Since the first successful mammalian embryo transfer in 1890, ET has
      been utilized for enhancement of genetic selection; diagnosis and treatment of
      infertility; control of infectious disease transmission; screening for genetic
      defects; propagation of rare and endangered species; and the study of
      developmental biology. Most of the embryo transfers have been intraspecific. A
      listing of the species includes rabbit, rat, sheep, mouse, goat, cattle, pig,
      hamster, ferret, mink, horse, baboon, cat, dog, water buffalo. In two species,
      rhesus monkey and humans, the successful embryo transfers have been limited to
      within-animal, homologous replacement of the embryos. There have been a few
      successful interspecific embryo transfers. The most common were between Bos
      taurus and B. indicus cattle. Other interspecific transfers involved Bos gaurus
      and B. taurus, cattle; Ovis musimon and O. aries, sheep; Equus asinus and E.
      caballus, horses. There are several examples of intergeneric embryo transfers in
      which embryos implanted but did not develop to term: sheep and goat, mouse and
      rat. The factors that determine the degree of compatibility between embryos and
      uteri of various species and genera are not clearly understood. The ability to
      hybridize successfully is probably a dependable indication of compatibility for
      embryo transfer. The limits of tolerance for differences between the donor and
      recipient in such factors as placental structure and gestation length have not
      been defined, but the recently developed technique of inner cell mass transfer
      will be very useful in such studies.

PMID- 6363610
TI  - Biochemical aspects of conceptus--endometrial interactions.
AB  - Mammalian conceptuses must provide a chemical signal to the maternal system to
      insure maintenance of corpus luteum (CL) function and of progesterone production
      and continuation of uterine endometrial secretory activity. These events insure
      that the developing conceptus is provided with appropriate nutrients, regulatory
      enzymes and endocrine state to allow successful establishment and maintenance of
      pregnancy. Pig blastocysts begin to produce estrogens by Day 11 of pregnancy,
      which prevents secretion of the uterine luteolytic factor (PGF2 alpha) in an
      endocrine direction, but allows secretion in an exocrine direction, i.e., into
      the uterine lumen. Therefore, CL are "protected." Blastocyst estrogens also
      trigger secretion of a group of proteins, including uteroferrin, an iron
      transport protein, and a family of protease inhibitors whose biosynthesis within
      the uterine glandular epithelium is under the control of progesterone. Estrogen
      also appears to promote accumulation of glucose and fructose within the uterine
      lumen. A complex in vivo "culture medium" is thereby established to promote
      conceptus development. Pig blastocysts do not undergo invasive implantation
      within the uterine lumen although they produce the protease, plasminogen
      activator. Invasion may be prevented by endometrial secretion of progesterone
      induced protease inhibitors which are produced in large amounts. In addition to
      estrogens of conceptus origin, calcium and prostaglandins PGF2 alpha and E2 may
      affect the uterine vasculature, water and electrolyte transport, capillary
      permeability, conceptus steroid production, and related events during pregnancy.
      The blastocysts of the large domestic animals also secrete proteins which include
      a large glycoprotein (Mr approximately 600,000) and a small acidic protein (Mr
      approximately 17,000). The latter has been purified from sheep and named ovine
      trophoblast protein I. These proteins may play unique roles in early pregnancy
      with respect to establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in the ewe, sow, mare,
      and cow.

PMID- 6363611
TI  - Placentation.
AB  - Placental development differs greatly among members of different taxa. Not only
      does blastocyst attachment take place at different times, the penetration of
      trophoblast varies considerably. From an epitheliochorial relationship between
      fetus and mother to the hemochorial placentation of taxa, such as the higher
      primates, the trophoblast becomes increasingly exposed to maternal immune
      recognition which may be one cause of rejection in interspecific embryo transfers
      or hybridization. Shape of uterus and endometrium and genetic factors govern the
      morphologic form of the placenta. The paper reviews ungulate placentation,
      successes and failures of interspecific embryo transfers, and the scant knowledge
      of genetic determinants in primate placentas.

PMID- 6363612
TI  - Growth and reproduction of two species of Akodon and their hybrids.
AB  - Growth and reproduction of Akodon molinae (A.m.), A. dolores (A.d.) (Rodentia:
      Cricetidae), and their hybrids are described. A.d. showed less fertility under
      animal room conditions, fewer "successful" matings, similar litter sizes, and an
      altered sex proportion as compared to A.m.; A.d. ovulatory index is supposed to
      be higher than mean litter size. X-linked lethal gene(s) and chromosome
      polymorphisms are possible causes of these variations. Interspecific crosses
      showed a marked seasonal (summer) tendency in parturitions. Intraspecific matings
      also produced young during winter. F1 hybrids showed a reversed tendency, while
      F2 matings returned to the parental pattern. A.d. male X A.m. female and F1
      crosses presented larger litter sizes than the other pairings. A.m. exhibited
      sexual differences in weight after 60 days of age. A.d. and F1 hybrids did not
      show significant differences in weight of both sexes at any age. A.m. males and
      females were heavier than A.d. individuals except 12 months after birth. F1
      hybrids born to A.m. male were heavier at birth than the A.d. female s
      interspecific offspring, and may be interpreted as a maternal influence of the
      A.m. females. Hybrids were heavier than their parents at birth and some of them
      were also heavier at 21 days, and probably is due to pseudoheterosis. The
      comparison of body measurements between sexes of both species did not give
      conclusive results. A.m. females were larger than females of A.d. Males of both
      species showed similar total lengths; A.m. males had larger body lengths and
      shorter tails. Body measurements were not related to weight variations. However,
      differences in weight and measurements between sexes appeared simultaneously at 2
      6 months. This probably reflected the attainment of maturity.

PMID- 6363613
TI  - [Postprandial serum glucose and insulin responses to staple foods popularly used
      by Chinese diabetics].

PMID- 6363614
TI  - [An outbreak of nosocomial Serratia marcescens infection through intra-arterial
      cannulae].

PMID- 6363615
TI  - Use of uxu-lac fusion strains to study the regulation of the uxuAB operon in
      Escherichia coli K12.
AB  - In the hexuronate system of Escherichia coli, the uxuAB operon is negatively
      controlled by the UxuR and ExuR repressors. A Mudlac phage was used, by the
      method of Casadaban, to construct strains where a truncated lacZ was fused to
      uxuB. From these fusion strains, deletions of various lengths extending into the
      uxu region were created in vivo by selecting temperature-insensitive mutants.
      Operator-constitutive mutations were also selected for in such strains and their
      preliminary analysis is presented. Large amounts of either ExuR or UxuR repressor
      caused a strong decrease of the constitutive expression of the uxuAB operon in
      the operator mutants. The implications of this repression for the presence of one
      or two operator sites in the uxuAB operon are discussed.

PMID- 6363616
TI  - Dye sensitivity correlated with envelope protein changes in dye (sfrA) mutants of
      Escherichia coli K12 defective in the expression of the sex factor F.
AB  - Mutations of the dye gene on the E. coli chromosome result in sensitivity to the
      dye toluidine blue and, in male cells, cause loss of F pili, producing sterility
      in conjugation. Compared with its dye+ parent, a strain deleted for dye (delta
      dye) showed an altered sensitivity to a wide range of dyes and antibiotics which
      affect different intracellular processes, and hence it appeared likely that the
      barrier properties of the cell envelope were impaired. Unlike mutants known to be
      defective in LPS structure, there appeared to be no correlation between the
      hydrophobicity of the compounds and the sensitivity of the delta dye strain.
      Moreover there was no difference between dye+ and delta dye strains in their
      sensitivity to LPS-specific phages, and chemical and GLC analysis of LPS
      components revealed no difference between the two strains. Examination of outer
      and inner membrane proteins from isogenic strains having the delta dye deletion
      and the dye+ gene cloned into the plasmid pACYC184, with or without insertional
      inactivation of dye by the transposon gamma delta, was performed by SDS-PAGE.
      This revealed a number of differences in the profile of proteins from both inner
      and outer membranes, correlated with mutation in the dye gene. The dye gene
      appears to be identical to the sfrA gene, which has been shown to be required for
      efficient transcription of the sex factor F. It is therefore proposed that the
      dye (sfrA) gene product may also control the expression of chromosomal genes
      coding for envelope proteins.

PMID- 6363617
TI  - Generalized transduction between Salmonella typhi and Salmonella typhimurium by
      phage j2 and characterization of the j2 plasmid in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Phage j2, a P1-like phage in Salmonella typhi, was heteroimmune to phage P1 and
      existed in the lysogenic state as a plasmid of molecular size 58.6 MDal. The
      phage j2 plasmid was incompatible with the P1 plasmid (IncY group). A j2
      sensitive mutant of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 was isolated by transduction of
      j2Ap phage into LT2 followed by curing of the prophage. The mutant was used to
      demonstrate transduction between S. typhi and S. typhimurium by phage j2.

PMID- 6363618
TI  - Aspects of genetic interaction in hybrids of Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus
      rugulosus obtained by protoplast fusion.
AB  - Hybrids were produced by protoplast fusion between strains of Aspergillus
      rugulosus and mitotic master strains of Aspergillus nidulans with a genetic
      marker on each linkage group. Analysis of segregants induced by growth on benomyl
      revealed recombination between every pair of unlinked markers. Parental
      combinations of markers were often recovered at significantly higher frequencies
      than expected. This aberrant segregation was not correlated with any particular
      pair of linkage-groups and was attributed to inter-species incompatibility. The
      segregation of genetic markers of A. rugulosus from the hybrids suggested that A.
      nidulans and A. rugulosus may differ in haploid chromosome number and chromosome
      size. In sexual crosses between A. nidulans and strains containing chromosomes of
      mixed parental origin recombinants were recovered. The results support the
      classification of A. nidulans and A. rugulosus as separate species.

PMID- 6363619
TI  - Developmental defects resulting from arginine auxotrophy in Aspergillus nidulans.
AB  - A mutant of Aspergillus nidulans, isolated for inability to form asexual spores
      (conidia) on complete medium, was found to regain the ability to conidiate if the
      medium was supplemented with arginine. On minimal medium the mutant required
      arginine for growth but at a much lower concentration than that required for
      conidiation. This mutant, designated argB12, thus defines a phase-critical gene,
      i.e. a gene whose function is in greater demand for development than for growth.
      In addition to its aconidial phenotype, the mutant also exhibited (depending on
      the medium) aberrant sexual development and a low efficiency of conidial
      germination. In crosses, each of these developmental phenotypes segregated with
      arginine auxotrophy. Genetic and biochemical analyses showed the argB12 mutation
      to be an allele of the previously described argB locus, mutants of which lack
      ornithine transcarbamylase. Arginine-requiring mutants at at least two other loci
      were also found to be defective in asexual sporulation, but the germination
      defect appears to be specific to argB mutants.

PMID- 6363620
TI  - Immunogenic properties of the small chain HA2 of the haemagglutinin of influenza
      viruses.
AB  - The small chain of influenza virus haemagglutinin, HA2 was isolated by a
      selective enzymic removal of HA1 or by preparative SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Anti-HA2 specific antisera and monoclonal antibodies were
      subtype-specific in immunodiffusion tests and radioimmunoassays. These antibodies
      did not inhibit haemagglutination or haemolysis, did not prevent virus release,
      did not neutralize infectivity, and HA2 did not induce a protective immunity. HA2
      specific antigenic determinants could not be demonstrated on the surface of
      infected cells. Lymphocytes from pre-immunized mice could not be stimulated by
      HA2 to exert a cytotoxic effect.

PMID- 6363621
TI  - The current picture of the structure and assembly of tobacco mosaic virus.

PMID- 6363622
TI  - Sensitive enzyme immunoassay for the detection of delta antigen and anti-delta,
      using serum as the delta antigen source.
AB  - A sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, EIA) was developed for the
      detection of delta antigen in serum treated with Tween 20. The serum delta
      antigen so derived was used in an ELISA for anti-delta. Both tests were specific
      and more sensitive than radioimmunoassay (RIA) when applied to testing parenteral
      drug abusers. It is concluded that the different sources of delta-antigen used
      may account for the different sensitivities noted, and that delta antigenaemia in
      acute infection may be more frequently detectable than was first thought,
      amounting to 71% of those with delta infection in this study and that these sera
      are a convenient alternative source of antigen.

PMID- 6363623
TI  - Detection by ELISA of IgA and IgM antibodies in secretion and IgM antibodies in
      serum in primary lower respiratory syncytial virus infection.
AB  - Twenty-six infants and children with primary lower RS virus infection, diagnosed
      by the detection of RS virus in nasopharyngeal secretion (NPS) by use of
      immunofluorescent antibody (FA) technique, were studied with respect to the
      presence of IgA and IgM antibodies. Samples of NPS and serum obtained during the
      first 3-4 months following the beginning of illness, were investigated. Employing
      a reverse ELISA technique, we found IgM antibodies in the acute, but not during
      the convalescent, phase of illness in NPS from 20 of the patients and in serum
      from 21 of the patients. The majority of the IgM antibody conversions observed
      occurred in NPS as well as in serum on days 5-8 following the illness. RS virus
      IgA antibodies, also detected by a reverse ELISA technique, were demonstrated in
      NPS in 22 of the patients, with antibody conversions being found in 19 of the
      patients on days 5-8 following the beginning of the illness. Two patients still
      had IgA antibodies in NPS approximately 3 months FSOI. By comparison, RS virus
      was detected in acute-phase NPS by double-antibody sandwich ELISA in 25 of the 26
      patients investigated.

PMID- 6363624
TI  - Activation of yeast enolase by Cd(II).
AB  - Activation of yeast enolase by Cd2+ exhibits properties similar to activation by
      the physiological cofactor Mg2+. The activity is weakly stimulated, then
      inhibited by increasing ionic strength. The activity increases, then falls with
      increasing Cd2+ concentration. The effect of pH on activity produced by Cd2+ is
      very similar to that produced by Mg2+, except that the Cd2+ profile is shifted
      one pH unit to more alkaline values, and the maximum activity of the Cd2+-enzyme
      is about 10% of that of the Mg2+-enzyme. The apparent kinetic parameters of Cd2+
      activation show little effect of pH except for inhibition by high concentrations
      of Cd2+: the apparent Ki increases sharply with pH. This is interpreted as the
      result of Cd2+ being a less effective "catalytic" metal ion, and Cd2+ being more
      effective in stabilizing the enzyme at alkaline pH's. The similarity of effects
      of ionic strength, divalent cation, and pH may be due to interaction with the
      same six sites per mole of enzyme. We also characterized the dependence of what
      is believed to be the enzyme-catalyzed enolization of a substrate analog, D
      tartronate semialdehyde-2-phosphate (TSP) on similar parameters of pH, ionic
      strength, etc. The putative enolization is dependent on catalytic metal ion,
      although the TSP binds to the conformational Cd2+-enzyme complex. The reaction is
      very slow and very pH dependent, increasing with pH with a midpoint of reaction
      velocity at pH 8.7. There is a strong qualitative correlation between pH
      dependencies of reaction velocity of substrate conversion and TSP enolization and
      absorbance of the enzyme-bound TSP enolate, whether with Mg2+ or Cd2+ as
      cofactor. The slowness of the Cd2+-TSP reaction is not limited by proton release
      or any reaction involving covalent bonds to hydrogen. The apparent reaction rate
      constant increases linearly with Cd2+ concentration. Addition of excess
      ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid reverses the TSP reaction, but again very slowly.
      The binding of Cd2+ to the catalytic sites is characterized by low association
      and dissociation rate constants.

PMID- 6363625
TI  - Combined stereological and biochemical analysis of storage and release of
      catecholamines in the adrenal medulla of the rat.
AB  - Adrenal medullae from rats injected with insulin 1 h prior to decapitation were
      analyzed by stereology and their catecholamine content was determined. In control
      animals the ratio between adrenaline- and noradrenaline- containing cells was
      4.06 whereas the ratio between adrenaline and noradrenaline contents was 4.11.
      The glands from insulin-treated animals showed a 45% reduction in adrenaline
      content and a 42% decrease in the volumetric density of the adrenaline-containing
      granules. However, neither the noradrenaline content nor the volumetric density
      of noradrenaline-containing granules was modified in glands from insulin-treated
      animals. From these data, the amount and concentration of adrenaline or
      noradrenaline in a single granule have been calculated. The results are
      consistent with the view that chromaffin granules are the source of the released
      catecholamines. The present paper demonstrates that stereology combined with
      biochemistry is a useful tool for resolution of problems at the cellular and
      subcellular levels.

PMID- 6363626
TI  - 18B1: an axon-specific antigen associated with many proteins.
AB  - We describe an antigen, 18B1, defined by a monoclonal antibody. Immunoperoxidase
      staining of brain sections shows that 18B1 is selectively associated with
      neurofilament-rich axons. Antibody staining of sodium dodecyl sulphate-gel blots,
      on the other hand, shows that 18B1 is associated with a large number of proteins,
      none of which are structural components of brain neurofilaments. The antigen is
      sensitive to a variety of proteases but is not degraded by various glycosidases,
      suggesting that 18B1 is probably an amino acid sequence. Its association with
      neurofilament-rich axons together with its absence from neurofilaments themselves
      suggests that it may be involved in mediating interactions between neurofilaments
      and the proteins that bear it.

PMID- 6363627
TI  - Distribution of acid protease activity in the squid nervous system.
AB  - Acid protease activity was measured in homogenized stellate ganglion, axoplasm
      extruded from the squid giant axon, homogenized fin nerves, and in lysed
      synaptosomes prepared from the optic lobe of the squid. At least two different
      acid protease classes were distinguished on the bases of their inhibitor
      profiles. Acid protease activity was present in each of the above tissues except
      extruded axoplasm. This result suggests that the acid protease activity found in
      our homogenized fin nerves might be located not within the axons but rather in
      glial cells or extracellular tissue. The absence of acid protease activity in
      extruded axoplasm indicates that acid proteases are unlikely to play a
      significant role in the catabolism of intracellular proteins along the length of
      the axon.

PMID- 6363628
TI  - Low buoyant density proteoglycans from saline and dissociative extracts of
      embryonic chicken retinas.
AB  - Retinas were labeled in culture with [3H]glucosamine or [3H]leucine and
      [35S]sulfate and extracted sequentially with physiologically balanced saline and
      4 M guanidine HCl. They were dialyzed into associative conditions (0.5 M NaCl)
      and chromatographed on agarose columns. Under these conditions, some of the
      proteoglycans were associated in massive complexes that showed low buoyant
      densities when centrifuged in CsCl density gradients under dissociative
      conditions (4 M guanidine HCl). Much of the label in these complexes was in
      molecules other than proteoglycans. Most of the proteoglycans, however, were
      included on the agarose columns, where they appeared to be constitutionally of
      low buoyant density. They resisted attempts to separate potential low buoyant
      density contaminants from the major proteoglycans by direct CsCl density gradient
      centrifugation or by the fractionation of saline or 8 M urea extracts on
      diethylaminoethyl-Sephacel. The diethylaminoethyl-Sephacel fractions were either
      subjected to CsCl density gradient centrifugation or were chromatographed on
      Sephacryl S-300, in both cases before and after alkaline cleavage, to confirm the
      presence of typical O-linked glycosaminoglycans. The medium and balanced salt
      extracts were enriched in chondroitin sulfate and other sulfated macromolecules,
      possibly highly sulfated oligosaccharides, that resisted digestion by
      chondroitinase ABC but were electrophoretically less mobile than heparan sulfate.
      Guanidine HCl or urea extracts of the residues were mixtures of high and low
      density proteoglycans that were enriched in heparan sulfate.

PMID- 6363630
TI  - Parameters of interferon action: I. Immunological effects of whole cell leukocyte
      interferon (IFN-alpha) in phase I-II trials.
AB  - The antitumor mechanisms of the interferons (IFN) have yet to be fully
      elucidated. Augmentation of natural killer (NK) cell activity in vitro and in
      vivo by IFN has regularly been assessed in clinical trials. We have measured NK
      activity against K562 target cells at various effector-to-target ratios, in
      patients receiving leukocyte IFN-alpha (HuLeIFN) in various schedules, as well as
      T-cell subsets determined by indirect immunofluorescence using Leu series
      monoclonal antibodies (Becton-Dickinson). The effect of HuLeIFN on the endocrine
      system has also been examined in selected trials. The preliminary results of
      these studies reveal that NK activity rose during the first 8 days of HuLeIFN
      therapy in patients with initially low levels of target cell lysis (less than 50%
      NK activity at either 50:1 or 25:1 ratios). Tachyphylaxis, with a decremental
      effect of HuLeIFN on NK activity, ensued during treatment, whether at the same or
      escalated doses. NK activity rose repeatedly during intermittent schedules of
      i.m. HuLeIFN given daily x 5 every 21 days with escalation cycles. A decreasing
      trend in the ratio of Leu 3a to Leu 2a (helper phenotype/suppressor phenotype)
      was also seen overall. Of the endocrine parameters evaluated, the only remarkable
      finding was an increase in serum cortisol level following ACTH stimulation
      following HuLeIFN. Intramuscular HuLeIFN has been shown to augment NK activity,
      to perturb the T-cell-lymphocyte balance, and to affect the pituitary-adrenal
      axis in vivo.

PMID- 6363629
TI  - CT-guided stereotactic neurosurgery: experience in 24 cases with a new
      stereotactic system.
AB  - Twenty-four cases have been operated upon using a prototype Brown-Roberts-Wells,
      CT-guided stereotactic neurosurgical system. This device has proved to be
      practical and flexible in clinical use. No CT scanner modifications were
      required, a fact which simplified its use in more than one hospital. Multiple
      targets can be biopsied with ease and relative safety. Drainage and other
      therapeutic procedures can be carried out with minimal hazard. Future
      applications of this system may include its use with NMR and PET images.

PMID- 6363631
TI  - Ganglioside localization on myelinated nerve fibres by cholera toxin binding.
AB  - GM1 ganglioside has been localized on the surfaces of myelinated, peripheral
      nerve fibres by using immunofluorescence to detect cholera toxin receptors.
      Unfixed, mouse sciatic nerves were teased into individual, intact fibres in order
      to expose their extracellular surfaces. Cholera toxin binding sites were abundant
      at all nodes of Ranvier; they were scarce on the internodal fibre surfaces. The
      nodal receptors were resistant to various degradative enzymes, including trypsin
      and proteinase K. Proteases did not unmask receptors on the internodal surfaces.
      Exogenous GM1 successfully competed for the toxin binding sites on the fibres.
      From this evidence and the specificity of cholera toxin binding, we conclude that
      GM1 ganglioside is abundantly present on the membrane surfaces of peripheral
      nodes of Ranvier and is not present on the internodal Schwann cell surfaces in an
      appreciable amount. The patterns of fluorescence within the node suggest that the
      axon and Schwann cell structures are sites where GM1 is localized. Treatment of
      the teased fibres with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase, which is known to reduce
      polysialogangliosides to the monosialoganglioside GM1, induced cholera toxin
      binding on the internodal Schwann cell surfaces. The induced receptors, as well
      as their precursors, were resistant to trypsin and proteinase K. We conclude that
      the internodal Schwann cell surface is rich in an unidentified
      polysialoganglioside(s) that can be converted to GM1 by neuraminidase.

PMID- 6363632
TI  - Spatial distribution of acetylcholine receptors at developing chick neuromuscular
      junctions.
AB  - The development of high-density clusters of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) and
      the relationship of these clusters to nerve contacts on embryonic chick wing
      muscle fibres has been studied. Fluorescent labelling of AChRs with rhodamine
      conjugated alpha-bungarotoxin (R-Bgt) revealed the presence of irregularly shaped
      AChR clusters in wing buds at 4 1/2-5 days of incubation. This is within a day of
      when myotubes first appear in the wing bud, and close to the time when functional
      innervation becomes established. At 10 days of incubation AChR clusters present
      on muscle cells in anterior and posterior latissimus dorsi appear as round or
      oval, uniformly labelled plaques. At about the time of hatching, however, these
      plaques break into numerous smaller clusters. Similar changes in the morphology
      of AChR clusters have been observed previously in mammalian skeletal muscle
      during development. Using horseradish peroxidase labelled alpha-bungarotoxin (HRP
      Bgt), the relationship between AChR clusters and motor nerve terminals was
      studied at the ultrastructural level. At all stages of development nerve-muscle
      contacts were labelled with HRP-Bgt. In wing buds, however, the majority (90%) of
      labelled clusters observed were not in contact with a motor nerve terminal. The
      incidence of AChR clusters with axon contacts increased sharply during
      development such that by 10 days more than 50% and by hatching more than 90% of
      all sections through labelled AChR clusters contained nerve terminal profiles. At
      all times studied nerve-contacted receptor clusters were longer (about 5 micron)
      than non-contacted clusters (about 2 micron).

PMID- 6363633
TI  - Nutrition and the neurosurgical patient.
AB  - There has been a rapid expansion of knowledge in the field of nutrition and
      metabolism with regard to the general surgical patient. However, only recently
      has there been greater appreciation of the benefits of adequate nutrition and
      appropriate metabolic care of the neurosurgical patient. In this review, the
      authors attempt to outline 1) the metabolic response to stress in general, and
      how it applies to the neurosurgical patient; 2) how best to provide adequate
      nutritional support for the neurosurgical patient; 3) the effects of nutrition on
      neurotransmitters; and 4) the effect of diet and nutrition on patients with
      malignant brain tumors.

PMID- 6363634
TI  - Microvascular patch technique with and without Silastic T-tube bypass.
AB  - Poor patency results in the surgery of small vessels operated on between 1959 to
      1964 was demonstrated to be in part due to the long period of occlusion of the
      operated vessel during surgery and the presence of a foreign body (suture) in the
      lumen of the vessel postoperatively. New suture techniques and T-tube bypass were
      introduced at that time. New experimental data have not been extensively sought
      since that time. To provide further current data regarding the above
      observations, 110 arterial vessels (60 carotid arteries 1.1 to 1.3 mm in outside
      diameter (OD) and 50 femoral arteries 0.6 to 0.7 mm OD) were operated on in rats
      to compare the bypass versus non-bypass and vein patch closure techniques. In 1
      mm vessels, patency rates 1 month after surgery were 100% regardless of the use
      of bypass or type of closure. Improved visualization, better suture material, and
      improved surgical skill were probably chiefly responsible for this success. The
      success rate was not as encouraging, however, in vessels of 0.6 mm OD. The
      following points are brought out: 1) The presence of the bypass causes damage to
      the intima in 0.6 mm OD vessels and should not be used. Smaller bypasses do not
      conduct blood well. 2) Bypass is not required in 1-mm vessels as the patency rate
      is satisfactory and not altered by its use. 3) The major indication for T-tube
      bypass is in vessels of 1 mm OD and larger, that nourish tissue which would be
      damaged by vascular occlusion for 20 to 40 minutes. 4) Foreign body (suture) in
      the lumen is poorly tolerated in 0.6 mm vessels, but can be tolerated more easily
      in larger vessels. 5) Techniques that limit the amount of suture material in the
      lumen are indicated in 0.6-mm vessels. 6) After 1 month, suture material has an
      epithelial covering and if patency has been maintained for that period of time it
      is likely to remain.

PMID- 6363635
TI  - Head-holder interfacing computed tomography with Talairach stereotactic frame.
AB  - A device is described which allows employ of CT data in conjunction to the
      Talairach frame for biopsy and other fine localization procedures. A series of
      new accessory parts allows reversible exact placement of the patient head in the
      same relative position to the reference system both in the stereotactic frame and
      the CT machine. No modification has been introduced in the standard Talairach
      head-holder, preserving its features of simplicity and versatility without need
      for introduction of new stereotactic methodologies or new computer programs.

PMID- 6363636
TI  - Alteration of antibody-mediated responses of suckling mice to T-cell-dependent
      and independent antigens by maternal marginal zinc deficiency: restoration of
      responsivity by nutritional repletion.
AB  - To further characterize the effects of marginal zinc deficiency on the
      development of the immune system of the suckling A/J mouse, dams were fed
      marginal (1.6 micrograms Zn/g), intake restricted (30 micrograms Zn/g) or
      adequate (30 micrograms Zn/g) levels of dietary zinc days 5-17 postpartum.
      Marginal levels of zinc had little effect on the body weight of dams; however,
      their pups were only 71-75% the weight of control pups. In response to two T-cell
      independent (TI) antigens pups of low zinc dams could produce only 49 and 44% as
      many antibody-producing cells per spleen as control pups. Pups of restricted-fed
      dams produced about 60% as many cells as controls for each TI antigen. The
      avidities of the plaques produced by pups of restricted and control dams in
      response to TI antigens were nearly the same but were 5.5 times higher than the
      relative avidities of the antibodies produced by pups of low zinc dams. The
      responses of the deficient pups to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), a T-dependent
      (TD) antigen, were 25-30% of response of control and 56-75% of that of restricted
      pups depending on whether direct (IgM) or indirect (IgG) plaques were enumerated.
      The data demonstrate that marginal deficiencies in zinc during lactation greatly
      reduce the ability of suckling pups to mount antibody-mediated responses and
      suggest that the kinds of lymphocyte subsets found in deficient pups are altered.
      However, antibody-mediated response capacity was normal in the deficient pups
      following a short period of zinc supplementation.

PMID- 6363637
TI  - Urinary excretion of zinc, copper and iron in the streptozotocin-diabetic rat.
AB  - The influence of the chemically diabetic condition on urinary excretion of zinc,
      copper and iron was investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with
      streptozotocin to induce insulin-dependent diabetes (day 0) and 24-hour urinary
      collections taken 1, 4, 7, 10 and 14 days later. Onset of the diabetic condition
      was correlated with a rapid and persistent increase in the amounts of the three
      trace metals excreted daily in the urine. Diabetic rats excreted 3.4-, 5.0- and
      4.9-fold more zinc, copper and iron, respectively, than controls in the urine on
      day 14. Insulin treatment of diabetic rats significantly reduced the quantities
      of the micronutrients excreted in urine, suggesting that altered hormonal status
      was the primary cause of increased urinary losses. Enhanced urinary output of the
      metals was not associated with reduction in the plasma, liver and kidney contents
      of zinc, copper and iron. Urinary trace metal excretion was correlated with food
      ingestion and urinary volume with greater amounts lost during the dark period for
      control and diabetic animals. The influence of endocrine status on urinary
      excretion of trace metals is discussed.

PMID- 6363638
TI  - Paul Louis Day (1899--1980). A biographical sketch.

PMID- 6363639
TI  - Response of plasma glucose, fructose and insulin to dietary glucose and fructose
      in the lactating sow.
AB  - Twenty-two Hampshire-Yorkshire X Large White sows of second and third parity were
      allotted randomly to one of three dietary treatments. Five sows were fed 6.0
      kg/day of a corn-soybean meal lactation diet (control diet). Twelve sows were fed
      the control diet in which 24% of the composition was supplied by corn syrup
      containing 72% fructose on a dry matter basis (fructose diet) and five sows were
      fed the control diet in which 24% of the composition was supplied by powdered
      dextrose (glucose diet). All diets were fed from days 1 through 21 of lactation.
      Blood was collected from all sows immediately prior to feeding and hourly for 6
      hours postprandial via jugular vein cannulae following a single feeding on seven
      separate but nonconsecutive days during the 21-day period. Fructose was absorbed
      from the digestive tract of sows as evidenced by elevated (P less than 0.01)
      conventions of fructose in plasma. Sows fed the fructose diet also had higher (P
      less than 0.01) plasma glucose concentrations than did those fed the glucose and
      control diets. The concomitant elevated glucose concentration following ingestion
      of the fructose diet was not associated (P greater than 0.10) with increased
      insulin concentration. Fructose in plasma was associated with a slight but
      significant increase in insulin although the mean concentration of insulin in
      plasma was only one-third that measured in sows fed the glucose and control
      diets. These data suggest that fructose in vivo has a glucose-sparing effect
      presumably mediated through a physiological mechanism that lowers insulin
      concentration.

PMID- 6363641
TI  - A history of clinical thermometry.

PMID- 6363640
TI  - Impairment of glucose tolerance in copper-deficient rats: dependency on the type
      of dietary carbohydrate.
AB  - Copper deficiency was induced in weanling rats in order to study the possible
      interaction between the types of dietary carbohydrate and copper deficiency on
      glucose tolerance. Weanling male rats were fed copper-deficient or copper
      supplemented diets containing either 62% starch, fructose or glucose. During week
      5 the fructose portion of the copper-deficient diet was replaced (20 rats) by
      starch (10 rats) or glucose (10 rats). During the 9th week, an oral glucose
      tolerance test weas performed. Copper deficiency was associated with impaired
      glucose tolerance characterized by increased blood glucose and decreased insulin
      levels only in copper-deficient rats fed the monosaccharides fructose or glucose
      but not the polysaccharide starch. Changing the dietary carbohydrates in the
      copper-deficient diet from fructose to starch increased insulin levels and
      decreased blood glucose in response to the glycemic stress when compared to rats
      continuously fed fructose. Although both glucose and fructose feeding impaired
      the glucose tolerance, fructose was more diabetogenic. This could be demonstrated
      by some improvements in glucose tolerance when the copper-deficient rats were
      switched from the fructose to the glucose diet. The data indicate that copper
      deficiency per se does not impair glucose tolerance.

PMID- 6363642
TI  - Ameloblastoma of the mandible treated by resection, preservation of the inferior
      alveolar nerve, and bone grafting.
AB  - The results of five cases of ameloblastoma of the mandible treated by resection,
      preservation of the inferior alveolar nerve, and immediate bone grafting are
      reported. The incisions in all cases healed by first intention. Lip sensation on
      the operated side returned to normal in four to six weeks in four cases and
      slight numbness persisted to the eighth week in one case. All patients were
      followed postoperatively for 13-15 years. In one case the tumor recurred in the
      mucous membrane seven years after surgery at the original intraoral site and
      invaded the underlying bone graft. The indications and contraindications for
      surgery and details of the procedures, including measures to prevent recurrence,
      are presented.

PMID- 6363643
TI  - [Mastoid obliteration technics with autograft tissue--a new trial using a piece
      from the iliac crest and a temporalis osteomuscular flap].

PMID- 6363644
TI  - Acute arterial fibrinoid deposition and ischaemic parenchymal damage of the
      kidney. Pathogenic factors in the development of malignant hypertension.
AB  - The development and evolution of hypertensive vascular lesions affecting the
      arterial supply of (a) the kidney and (b) organs other than the kidney were
      studied in rats developing either malignant (MHY) or benign (BHY) hypertension 3,
      6, 9 and 12 days after aortic ligation between the renal arteries. Vascular
      disease evolved into two distinct patterns which suggested acute renal damage to
      be the determinant for the development of either the malignant or benign form of
      hypertension. Three days after aortic ligation MHY and BHY animals showed
      widespread fibrinoid deposition in vascular territories above the aortic
      ligature. However, in MHYs these lesions were much more severe and, in the
      kidney, they were accompanied by the development of focal parenchymal atrophy,
      microinfarcts and hyalin droplet degeneration of cells of the Bowman capsule. The
      degree of renal damage correlated with elevations in blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
      and plasma creatinine; however, there was no correlation with rises in blood
      pressure, plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone or corticosterone which were
      similarly elevated in 3-day MHY and 3-day BHY animals. Between 6 and 12 days a
      marked clearance of fibrinoid took place in all organ beds of BHYs, but in the
      non-renal vasculature of MHY animals fibrinoid remained prominent and served as
      the central core for necrotising arterial lesions. In the kidney of MHYs some
      reduction in the fibrinoid content was observed, but the parenchymal damage
      perpetuating from the earlier stages had exacerbated leading to collagen
      deposition and a marked increase in the collagen concentration of the renal
      cortex. These features were accompanied by further elevations in PRA and
      corticosteroids and a progressive deterioration of renal function. By contrast,
      in 12-day BHY animals, despite sustained hypertension, PRA and corticosteroids
      were falling from their previously higher levels and normal renal function was
      maintained. These studies warrant inference that extensive parenchymal damage of
      the kidney due in part to severe arterial fibrinoid deposition is one of the
      initial events in the development of malignant hypertension.

PMID- 6363645
TI  - The role of fibronectin in the pathogenesis of antigen-induced arthritis in the
      rabbit.
AB  - Fibronectin (FN), a high molecular weight glycoprotein, is present in plasma and
      is a normal structural component of the synovium in the rabbit, as it is in man.
      FN is also involved in the sequence of changes seen in synovium in experimental
      antigen-induced arthritis. Its widespread distribution in inflamed synovia in the
      initial acute phase of induced arthritis probably merely reflects the presence of
      FN of plasma origin in serous exudates. In established experimental arthritis, FN
      co-distributes with fibrin, while in synovia undergoing organisation, FN is
      present intracellularly in several types of mesenchymal cells (suggesting local
      synthesis) and is deposited on immature collagen fibrils. However, it is no
      longer present when mature collagen is formed. The persistence of FN, along with
      fibrin, in inflamed joints, and its involvement in fibrosis, suggest that it may
      play a significant part in determining the chronicity of this form of
      experimental arthritis.

PMID- 6363646
TI  - Experimental epithelioid cell granulomas, tubercle formation and immunological
      competence: an ultrastructural analysis.
AB  - An ultrastructural study of the cells comprising tubercles in experimental
      mycobacterial granulomas in rats is presented. Tubercle formation was compared
      in: (1) primary infections due to BCG at 49 days, (2) reinfection with BCG at 7
      days, 8 months after primary infection and (3) lesions due to preformed BCG/anti
      BCG complexes in antibody excess in unprimed animals at 10 days. The most rapid
      elimination of antigen with resolution of the lesion in the reinfection lesions,
      was effected by the early recruitment of cells morphologically characteristic of
      activated macrophages and immature epithelioid cells. The next best performance
      was in the immune complex lesion which at its height was maintained by a roughly
      constant size due to promonocytes, monocytes, macrophages, activated macrophages
      and immature epithelioid cells accumulated at the site. True epithelioid cells
      were rare. The slowest rate of healing in the primary 49 day granulomas, was
      associated with the whole spectrum of mononuclear phagocyte series of cells. All
      granulomas were surrounded by a cuff of mixed lymphocytes, interdigitating cells
      and fibroblasts. The rapid resolution of the reinfection lesions appeared as a
      loosely compacted infiltration of cells which allowed intimate contact of
      lymphocytes and macrophages. This was distinct from the tightly compared and
      compartmentalised zones of lymphocytes and macrophages which inhibited contact in
      the most slowly resolving lesions. An intermediate arrangement was seen in the
      immune complex granuloma. Another factor which predisposed to rapid resolution
      was the high vascularity of the central region of the granulomas. In the slow
      resolving group vascularity was diminished and peripherally situated.

PMID- 6363647
TI  - The cell surface and its metabolism.
AB  - The cell surface structure is highly dynamic. In particular, binding of ligand
      induces the redistribution of receptors on the cell surface as well as the
      internalisation of ligand-receptor complexes. Internalisation in turn leads to a
      recycling of the receptor or to a decrease in the cell's responsiveness to the
      ligand. Modulation of the cell surface structure is apparently regulated
      intracellularly by components of the cell's cytoskeleton. A crucial component in
      this respect is likely to be a sub-membranous filamentous network that is linked
      directly to the cytoplasmic face of the surface membrane. In erythrocytes this
      network can be separated from purified preparations of the plasma membrane by
      virtue of its insolubility in nonionic detergents. Application of this procedure
      to the plasma membrane fraction of human B lymphoblastoid cells has yielded a
      detergent-insoluble residue comprising actin and a 68,000-Mr polypeptide as major
      components, together with polypeptides of 28,000-, 33,000- and 120,000-Mr as
      prominent but more minor components. The association of the 68,000-Mr protein
      with the detergent-insoluble residue and the original plasma membrane is Ca2+
      dependent. Burkitt lymphoma cells differ noticeably from lymphoblastoid cells in
      that the 68,000-Mr protein is not associated with the inner face of the surface
      membrane. This difference may reflect the malignant phenotype of Burkitt
      lymphomas or the hypothetical sub-population of normal B lymphocytes from which
      the lymphomas are derived.

PMID- 6363648
TI  - Antibody probes in diagnosis and classification of lymphomas.
AB  - The use of immunohistochemistry is discussed with respect to its role in
      assisting with the classification and diagnosis of lymphomas. Attention is drawn
      to methods of achieving optimal tissue fixation and preparation, which are
      necessary prerequisites for the precise cytochemical demonstration of the various
      lymphocyte and related cell type markers.

PMID- 6363649
TI  - Interferons and cancer therapy.
AB  - A variety of human interferons, alpha, beta and gamma are now recognised. Three
      types of alpha-interferon have been submitted to clinical assessment. Overall,
      the results have been disappointing. Attention is now directed towards their use
      in combination with conventional cytotoxic agents.

PMID- 6363650
TI  - Molecular aspects of growth factor action: receptors and intracellular signals.
AB  - An increasing number of factors have been described which influence the
      proliferative responses of normal and neoplastic cells. A review of such
      moieties, their occurrence and possible mechanisms of their action and
      interaction is presented together with a discussion of their potential importance
      in the genesis and progression of neoplasms.

PMID- 6363651
TI  - Nuclear imaging techniques with radiolabelled antibodies.
AB  - The behaviour of radioimmunolocalisation with respect to neoplasia is reviewed.
      The present limitations are outlined and several new approaches to improve its
      clinical utility are discussed.

PMID- 6363652
TI  - The regulation of growth and development of normal and leukaemic cells.
AB  - Numerous significant advances have been made in recent years in understanding
      those factors and conditions which influence the growth and differentiation of
      haemopoietic cells. This communication is primarily concerned with defining
      lineage-independent and lineage-restricted growth factors and some of the
      aberrations which may be involved in leukaemia.

PMID- 6363653
TI  - Macrophage specific antigen is expressed by resting microglia in the CNS but not
      by Langerhans cells in the skin.
AB  - Controversy exists as to whether Langerhans cells in the epidermis and resting
      microglia in the brain should be included among cells of the mononuclear
      phagocyte series (MPS). A monoclonal anti-guinea-pig macrophage antibody has been
      prepared that is specific for a macrophage membrane antigen and does not react
      with Fc receptors or Ia antigens. This antibody fails to react with Langerhans
      cells despite reacting with peritoneal exudate macrophages, alveolar macrophages,
      Kupffer cells and macrophages in infectious granulomas. It does, however, react
      with resting microglia in the brain. This could suggest that Langerhans cells,
      despite a similar bone marrow origin, are not typical cells of the MPS, whereas
      resting microglia share features with this cell system.

PMID- 6363654
TI  - Decreased numbers of pulmonary blood vessels: reality or artifact?
AB  - A decrease in numbers of pulmonary arteries has been implicated in various forms
      of both human and experimental pulmonary hypertension. However, data in support
      of this hypothesis have not been conclusive. Especially, intravascular fixation
      under pressure and the size of the areas of lung tissue subjected to
      quantitation, may have influenced the results. In order to investigate these
      factors, we fixed lungs of ten normal rats in three different ways, i.e. by
      perfusion of the pulmonary vasculature, by immersing collapsed lungs and by
      instilling the fixative through the trachea with intact thoracic cavity.
      Subsequently, blood vessels were counted in histological sections. Our study
      illustrates that perfusion of vessels under pressure decreases the number of
      recognizable arteries. Also the small areas, used in previous studies for
      counting vessels, produce unreliable results. Our conclusion is that a decreased
      number of lung vessels as a factor in pulmonary resistance has not been
      conclusively demonstrated.

PMID- 6363655
TI  - Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis: a long-term study of 40 cases.
AB  - Forty cases of mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis are reviewed for whom both
      light and electron microscopy and full clinical data were available.
      Immunofluorescence microscopy (IF) was performed on 23 cases and complement
      screening (CH50, C4 and C3) on 25 cases, with follow-up period of 5-22 y. The
      results of EM revealed 17 cases (42 per cent.) of Type I and 23 cases (58 per
      cent.) of Type II MCGN but only 52 per cent. of Type II cases were correctly
      identified by light microscopy. Epimembranous deposits were seen as frequently in
      Type II as in Type I (26 per cent. and 30 per cent.) and fragmentation of
      glomerular capillary basement membranes (GBM) was seen in 27 per cent. of Type I
      cases. Overall patient survival was 49 per cent. at 10 y and that of patients who
      presented with nephrotic syndrome was poor (39 per cent. at 10 y). Persistent
      hypocomplementaemia with C3 Nephritic Factor was present in 40 per cent.; the
      survival of these patients was less than those with normal complement levels (70
      per cent. vs 100 per cent. at 5 y) and they were also more likely to develop
      renal failure. Renal failure was more likely to develop in those with a
      creatinine clearance of less than 100 ml/min at presentation and where the biopsy
      showed substantial crescents in greater than 20 per cent. of glomeruli. Mean
      CH50, C3 and C4 was lower in the hypocomplementaemic as compared to
      normocomplementaemic patients, and there were no differences between Type I and
      Type II. IF showed immunoglobulins and fibrin as well as C3 in both Type I and
      Type II cases. Our results support the concept of an immune-complex mediated
      phase in both types of MCGN, and we further suggest that (a) epimembranous
      deposits are common in both Type I and Type II and (b) cases with fragmentation
      of the GBM should be designated Type Ia.

PMID- 6363656
TI  - Extravascular immune complexes in experimental mycobacterial BCG granulomas.
AB  - Quantitative results of Mycobacterial BCG antigen, immunoglobulin and complement
      in rat skin lesions during the evolution of the granuloma reveal peak values of
      these factors at 49 days. The combination of antigen, Ig and complement, present
      extracellularly and in polymorphs at this time, indicates immune complex
      formation at an antigen-antibody ratio which may approximate to equivalence. This
      development coincides with mass lysis of host macrophages, and is followed by a
      sharp reduction in the antigen load. At 8 mth, surviving bacilli are coated with
      antibody and complement, and sequestrated in activated macrophages. It is
      possible that this antibody is non-specific and protective to the bacilli,
      leading to a second multiplication of organisms. But by 1 yr and 8 mth all the
      bacilli are dead, and immunoglobulins and complement are at very low levels.
      Although immune complex deposition and macrophage lysis was not associated with
      complete elimination of bacilli, it marked a turning point in the infection when
      the bacterial load was high and cell mediated immunity (CMI) was lacking. CMI may
      be important, especially at low antigen levels, but the crucial role here appears
      to have been played by complexed antibody. These experimental findings parallel
      those in human cutaneous leishmaniasis. They may explain some forms of necrosis
      in this condition and in tuberculosis.

PMID- 6363658
TI  - The argument for prenatal administration of dexamethasone to prevent respiratory
      distress syndrome.

PMID- 6363657
TI  - Prospective clinical trial of human growth hormone in short children without
      growth hormone deficiency.
AB  - Ten unselected, apparently healthy short children who were capable of normal
      growth hormone secretion were given human growth hormone (0.1 U/kg 1M thrice
      weekly) for 6 months to determine whether such treatment might lead to an
      increase in growth velocity. During treatment, all patients increased their
      growth rate (from 4.3 +/- 0.3 cm/yr to 7.4 +/- 0.5 cm/yr P less than 0.001). No
      adverse effects were detected. During the four-day IGF generation test, IGF I and
      IGF II levels rose significantly from 0.32 +/- 0.04 U/ml to 0.62 +/- 0.13 U/ml
      and from 279 +/- 36 ng/ml to 434 +/- 49 ng/ml, respectively. However, the growth
      response was not predicted by either the acute rise in IGF I or that in IGF II.
      Human growth hormone in standard doses may be capable of inducing accelerated
      growth in some short children without growth hormone deficiency. Measurements of
      IGF I and II cannot be used to predict which children will respond.

PMID- 6363659
TI  - Effects of antenatal dexamethasone administration in the infant: long-term follow
      up.
AB  - Follow-up evaluations during the first 3 years of life (at 9, 18, and 36 months)
      were carried out in infants born to women enrolled in a double-blind, randomized
      trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of antenatal dexamethasone
      administration for the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome. Of 739
      infants born to 678 mothers, 93 (12.7%), equally distributed between placebo and
      steroid groups had died, and 240 (32.5%) were lost to follow-up at the end of 3
      years. Weight and height at 18 and 36 months, respectively, were slightly greater
      in infants in the steroid group. No statistically significant differences were
      observed between the placebo and steroid groups with regard to head circumference
      and neurologic abnormalities. The Mental Development Index and the Psychomotor
      Development Index of the Bayley Scales at 9 and 18 months, and the General
      Cognitive Index or any subscales of the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities
      at 36 months also indicated comparable development within the two groups. No
      treatment effect was observed on developmental outcomes in boys or girls, in
      different racial groups, or in different socioeconomic groups. As might be
      expected, however, MDI, PDI and GCI were significantly influenced by
      socioeconomic levels. It is concluded that no detectable growth, physical, motor,
      or developmental deficiencies within the first 3 years of life can be attributed
      to antenatal dexamethasone therapy in the mothers just prior to delivery.

PMID- 6363660
TI  - Treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis in childhood: a comparative study of
      amoxicillin and cefaclor.
AB  - Maxillary sinus aspiration and quantitative culture of the aspirate were
      performed in 50 patients, ranging in age from 1 to 16 years, with clinical and
      radiographic evidence of acute sinusitis. Of 79 sinuses aspirated, at least one
      was found to be infected in 35 (70%) children. Streptococcus pneumoniae,
      Branhamella catarrhalis, and Haemophilus influenzae were the most common
      organisms recovered. All H. influenzae were nontypeable. Twenty percent of the H.
      influenzae and 27% of the B. catarrhalis organisms were beta-lactamase positive
      and amoxicillin resistant. The subjects received either amoxicillin or cefaclor
      at a dose of 40 mg/kg/day in three doses for 10 days. The clinical cure rate with
      amoxicillin was 81%, compared to 78% with cefaclor. Radiographic improvement was
      similar in both treatment groups. Antibiotic therapy failed in four patients;
      three had been given amoxicillin, and one cefaclor. In three of these, a beta
      lactamase-positive antibiotic-resistant bacterial species was recovered from the
      maxillary sinus aspirate; the fourth aspirate was sterile.

PMID- 6363661
TI  - Placebo-controlled double-blind evaluation of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
      treatment of Yersinia enterocolitica gastroenteritis.

PMID- 6363662
TI  - Immunofluorescent serum gliadin antibody assays in celiac disease.

PMID- 6363663
TI  - Renal transplantation in primary oxaluria.

PMID- 6363664
TI  - Lipids in human milk: a review. 1: Sampling, determination, and content.
AB  - A protocol for selection of donors of milk samples is presented. Various methods
      for the sampling of milk are critically reviewed and a tested procedure is
      described. The measurement of milk volume is reviewed. Analyses for milk lipids
      are presented and discussed. Results of the analyses relative to various factors
      affecting fat content are given. Depending upon the type of study, sampling of
      milk by the Egnell or similar pump is recommended. For field studies, the
      creamatocrit procedure for estimation of fat content is acceptable if calibrated.
      Satisfactory research methods are the Roese-Gottlieb, modified Folch, and dry
      column extractions followed by gravimetry.

PMID- 6363665
TI  - Fetal forms of oligoaminopeptidase, dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV, and sucrase in
      human intestine and meconium.
AB  - Particles of meconium sedimenting at 105,000 g contain sucrase and various brush
      border peptidase activities. Oligoaminopeptidase, dipeptidylaminopeptidase, and
      sucrase solubilized by papain from meconium particles of preterm newborns or from
      brush border of human fetuses during the 4th month of gestation were compared
      with the same enzymes prepared from adult jejunal and ileal brush border. The
      following are characteristics of fetal intestinal brush border enzymes: (a) a
      faster anodal electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide and in agar gel; (b) the
      same specific activity, as measured by quantitative crossed immunoelectrophoresis
      utilizing an antiserum against adult brush border membranes; (c) complete fusion
      of the immunoprecipitation lines with the adult enzymes by using the same
      antiserum; and (d) a different binding pattern to Helix pomatia lectin and lentil
      lectin. The results suggest that the charge difference between adult and fetal
      human brush border enzymes, which causes the difference in the gel
      electrophoretic mobility, is most probably due, at least in part, to differences
      in carbohydrate composition of these glycoproteins. Extensive neuraminidase
      digestion causes no or only minor changes of the electrophoretic mobility of the
      meconial enzymes. The difference between adult and meconial enzymes is therefore
      apparently not, or not only, due to different sialic acid content. These results
      suggest that many intestinal brush border enzymes in fetal life and at birth are
      in forms structurally different from those in adult life.

PMID- 6363666
TI  - The hiatus hernia saga. Ups and downs in gastroesophageal reflux: past, present,
      and future perspectives.

PMID- 6363667
TI  - Intestinal plication in the treatment of atresia.
AB  - Twelve infants with jejunal atresia were managed by plication of the dilated
      proximal bowel and end-to-oblique anastomosis. The technique is simple and very
      effective in preventing functional obstruction of the dilated bowel, and it
      preserves the mucosal absorptive surface. It is easier to perform and seems to
      allow earlier return of function than resection or tapering of the dilated
      jejunum.

PMID- 6363668
TI  - Partial splenic ablation in preparation for renal transplantation in children.
AB  - Patients with end-stage renal disease who develop hypersplenism, patients with
      mild neutropenia, and those patients whose WBC fails to increase in response to
      cortisol administration will develop significant neutropenia following
      transplantation with routine doses of azathioprine. This "intolerance" of
      azathioprine mandates a reduction in the dose of azathioprine often resulting in
      allograft rejection. Splenectomy will prevent azathioprine-induced neutropenia,
      but the hazards of splenectomy in these immunosuppressed patients have led to
      attempts to salvage at least part of the spleen. Partial splenic ablation by
      embolization has been utilized in adults prior to transplantation to prevent
      azathioprine-induced neutropenia while preserving the spleen's protective
      mechanisms against infection. Eight children in our series of transplant
      candidates required a reduction of splenic function to prevent azathioprine
      induced neutropenia. One child had a functioning renal allograft but had
      recurrent neutropenia limiting the azathioprine dose. Partial splenic
      embolization was attempted in four children and was initially successful in two.
      Both patients later developed recurrent neutropenia and needed partial
      splenectomy. The two patients in whom partial splenic embolization was
      unsuccessful and five further patients in whom embolization was not attempted
      also underwent partial splenectomy. Approximately 75% to 80% of the spleen was
      resected. Six children have since undergone renal transplantation and one child
      had a transplant with chronic rejection at the time of partial splenectomy.
      Routine doses of azathioprine have been used in these children with no episodes
      of neutropenia or sepsis observed. We recommend partial splenectomy in those
      children requiring renal transplantation who are at risk for development of
      azathioprine induced neutropenia.

PMID- 6363669
TI  - The acute abdomen in the immunologically compromised child.
AB  - From 1976 through 1982, 35 children with leukemia (27), aplastic anemia (4), and
      solid tumors (4), were evaluated for symptoms and signs of acute abdominal
      disease. Twenty-six patients required 34 operations, 14 of them for life
      threatening events. Sixteen patients received a bone marrow transplant. The most
      common surgical emergencies were for acute massive Gl hemorrhage (10), biliary
      tract disease (4), and typhlitis (3). Thirteen (37%) of the children are alive
      and free of disease, 22 (63%) have died, 13 of them as a direct result of the
      abdominal complication which occurred. Alterations in the immune system and
      hematopoietic system caused by the malignant disease and its treatment with
      chemotherapy and irradiation appears to be responsible for a number of abdominal
      complications which the surgeon is asked to see. When symptoms and signs of an
      acute abdomen develop in patients with leukemia or solid tumors, prompt, thorough
      evaluation and early aggressive surgical treatment is needed if the patient is to
      survive. The surgeon should be aware of the unusual array of abdominal
      complications which can occur in this population of patients.

PMID- 6363670
TI  - Antibiotic management of complicated appendicitis.
AB  - A prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial was undertaken comparing
      gentamicin, ampicillin, and clindamycin (GAC) to gentamicin, ampicillin, and
      placebo (GAP) in children with complicated appendicitis. Of the 64 patients
      enrolled in this study, 33 were assigned to the GAC group and 31 received GAP. A
      single GAC patient (3%) was considered a therapeutic failure in comparison to
      seven children (23%) in the GAP group (P less than 0.05). Duration of fever was
      significantly prolonged in the GAP patients (4.7 +/- .8 days versus 2.9 +/- .5
      days) when compared to the clindamycin treated children (P less than 0.05).
      Duration of leukocytosis was 3.2 +/- .4 days for GAC patients and 4.9 +/- .9 days
      for those on the GAP protocol (P = 0.08). On the basis of this experience the
      routine use of gentamicin, ampicillin, and clindamycin is recommended for all
      children with complicated appendicitis.

PMID- 6363672
TI  - A review of projective test findings with older adults.
AB  - The projective test literature on aging is reviewed. It was concluded that, while
      much critical research remains to be done and many of the studies are flawed,
      projective testing has contributed a great deal to the understanding of the aging
      process and has yielded a core of consistent findings. Suggestions for future
      research which would help resolve some current ambiguities were made.

PMID- 6363671
TI  - In vivo crevicular leucocyte response in humans to a chemotactic challenge.
      Effects of periodontal diseases.
AB  - An in vivo assay was recently developed to monitor the crevicular leucocyte
      response to chemotactic agents, e.g., casein and N-formyl peptides. This method
      was used to monitor humans with little or no gingival disease (C group),
      gingivitis (G group), chronic periodontitis (CP group) and localized juvenile
      periodontitis (LJP group). Casein (0.2 microliters, 2 mg/ml) was placed into an
      isolated gingival crevice of each subject with a calibrated wire loop and the
      time recorded (t = 0). Leucocytes were counted in crevicular washes (10
      microliters) 15 minutes later and every 5 minutes thereafter up to t = 50
      minutes. This protocol was repeated for the crevice of an adjacent tooth except
      that the crevicular fluid flow response to the chemotactic challenge was
      monitored. The C, G and CP subjects showed a similar pattern of response to the
      chemoattractant with a single "peak" of leucocytes at approximately t = 25
      minutes. However, the peak cell count was much greater in the G and CP groups
      than in the C group. LJPs showed an abnormal pattern with two leucocyte peaks,
      one at approximately 25 minutes and the other at 45 minutes. Both peaks tended to
      be higher than the single peak seen in Cs but were significantly lower than that
      in Gs or CPs, even at similar levels of inflammation. In addition, the peak
      leucocyte response (to casein) in LJPs did not increase with increasing leucocyte
      counts in the unchallenged (resting) crevice, whereas a positive relationship was
      seen in the other groups of subjects. These data suggest that this new assay may
      provide important diagnostic information on in vivo neutrophil migration in the
      gingival crevice and on susceptibility to periodontal disease.

PMID- 6363673
TI  - Drug delivery to local subcutaneous structures following topical administration.

PMID- 6363675
TI  - Mechanism of the depressor effect of bromocriptine in the spontaneously
      hypertensive rat.
AB  - Bromocriptine, a dopamine (DA) agonist which passes the bloodbrain barrier, has
      been shown to have a depressor effect in the spontaneously hypertensive rat of
      the Okamoto strain. To elucidate the mechanism of this depressor effect, the
      responses of mean arterial blood pressure and plasma epinephrine (EP),
      norepinephrine, prolactin and renin activity to i.v. administration of
      bromocriptine (500 micrograms/kg), alone and after pretreatment with i.v.
      metoclopramide, a DA antagonist which crosses the blood-brain barrier, and
      domperidone, a DA antagonist which does not cross the blood-brain barrier, were
      examined in conscious unrestrained spontaneously hypertensive rats.
      Metoclopramide attenuated the depressor action of bromocriptine in a dose-related
      manner, but domperidone had no effect. Neither metoclopramide nor domperidone
      given alone altered mean arterial blood pressure. Bromocriptine given alone
      decreased plasma prolactin and increased plasma EP without altering plasma
      norepinephrine or plasma renin activity. Pretreatment with either metoclopramide
      or domperidone completely blocked the EP-stimulating effects of bromocriptine.
      Neither DA antagonist given alone had an effect on plasma EP, norepinephrine or
      plasma renin activity; both agents stimulated prolactin release. These results
      suggest that the depressor action of i.v. administered bromocriptine is mediated
      mainly through a central dopaminergic mechanism rather than by peripheral effects
      and that plasma EP responses to bromocriptine do not directly contribute to its
      depressor action.

PMID- 6363674
TI  - Minimizing the aggregation of neutral insulin solutions.
AB  - Various solution additives affect the solubility and macroaggregation of insulin
      in buffered aqueous solutions at physiological pH. The solubility of insulin may
      be improved with the addition of small amounts of aspartic acid, glutamic acid,
      EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), lysine, Tris buffer, or bicarbonate
      buffer. In addition, the propensity of dissolved insulin to reaggregate and
      precipitate may be inhibited by such additives. Buffered physiological (pH 7.4)
      saline solutions containing 0.001-0.003 M lysine in the presence of 0.005 M EDTA
      or 0.01 M lysine in the absence of EDTA improve insulin solubility and are
      effective in minimizing aggregation. Solutions thus prepared may be suitable for
      application in intravenous insulin infusion devices and may be useful commercial
      insulin preparations.

PMID- 6363676
TI  - Influence of papaverine on spontaneous activity of isolated right atria from
      small mammals.
AB  - The effects of papaverine and verapamil were studied in spontaneously beating
      right atria of guinea pigs, rabbits and rats and on segments of sinoatrial node
      tissue from rabbits. Papaverine (10(-4)M) produced a significant negative
      chronotropic effect in guinea pigs and rats, with a lesser effect in rabbits.
      Papaverine antagonized the positive chronotropic response to transmural nerve
      stimulation (TNS) of the sinoatrial node of rabbit atria in a concentration
      dependent manner. The chronotropic response to 5 X 10(-7)M norepinephrine was
      enhanced in the presence of 10(-6)M papaverine, but was noncompetitively
      antagonized at concentrations above 10(-5)M. The negative chronotropic response
      to TNS was unaltered by papaverine except at concentrations at or above 5 X 10(
      5)M; however, the negative chronotropic response to 5 X 10(-6)M methacholine was
      not altered by 10(-4)M papaverine. A local anesthetic (lidocaine) inhibited both
      the positive and negative chronotropic TNS response at a concentration that had
      no effect on the response to exogenous norepinephrine. Verapamil (10(-7) to 10(
      6)M) had no significant effect on either the positive or negative chronotropic
      response to TNS. The effects of papaverine on TNS are attributed to the influence
      of at least three actions: 1) phosphodiesterase inhibition, 2) local anesthetic
      activity and 3) physiological antagonism of norepinephrine. The effects of 2 X
      10(-4)M papaverine on action potentials of rabbit sinoatrial node cells were
      studied. Papaverine decreased the maximum diastolic potential, increased the
      action potential overshoot and transformed the normal ramp configuration of slow
      diastolic depolarization into a concave shape.

PMID- 6363677
TI  - Effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on renal function in man.
AB  - Six healthy males received vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP; 6 pmol kg-1
      min-1) by intravenous infusion for 90 min, with 60 min control periods before and
      after. Plasma VIP levels rose by about 100 pmol l-1 during the infusion. VIP
      produced changes in heart rate and blood pressure consistent with generalized
      vasodilatation, but there were no significant changes in effective renal plasma
      flow or glomerular filtration rate. Both plasma solids and haematocrit rose by
      about 5%, suggesting that haemoconcentration had occurred during VIP infusion.
      Urine flow fell to about a third, and the fractional excretion of sodium,
      potassium, chloride and calcium fell to between half and two-thirds of control
      values. Fractional excretion of phosphate did not fall significantly. Plasma
      renin activity rose about 3-fold during VIP infusion.

PMID- 6363678
TI  - Effect of gossypol upon motility and ultrastructure of Trypanosoma cruzi.
AB  - Gossypol, a polyphenolic compound from the cotton plant, immobilizes and
      structurally alters cultured Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes. Ultrastructural
      changes observed in gossypol-treated parasites were first detected in the
      kinetoplast and mitochondrion. At 50 microM concentration, much disorganization
      was evident after 5 min of incubation. With 25 microM gossypol, the same effect
      occurred after 30 min. Most epimastigotes were rounded, containing various
      membranous structures that could not be related to known cell components.

PMID- 6363679
TI  - Immunofluorescent localization of myosin at the anterior pole of the coccidian,
      Toxoplasma gondii.
AB  - Indirect immunofluorescence using anti-myosin rabbit sera showed myosin localized
      in a characteristic pattern at the anterior pole of Toxoplasma gondii. This polar
      fluorescent staining was abolished by pre-absorption of the anti-sera with myosin
      extracted from avian muscle. Both intracellular and extracellular T. gondii
      showed similar patterns when formaldehyde-fixed, but neither showed polar
      fluorescence when acetone was used as the sole fixative. Immunofluorescent
      staining of live T. gondii revealed no polar fluorescence, suggesting that myosin
      is not present on the outer parasite membrane. Anti-myosin serum did not prevent
      host cell invasion and plaque formation in the presence of human complement.
      Inhibition of contractile proteins with cytochalasin D inhibited T. gondii
      motility and infectivity in a plaque formation assay. The pattern of polar
      fluorescence described here resembles the IgM-associated polar staining
      frequently detected in human sera, but we believe it is a different phenomenon
      because human sera that showed such staining retained their activity after pre
      absorption with avian myosin. The unusual localization of myosin at the anterior
      pole of T. gondii tachyzoites may play a role in the function of anterior
      organelles, which are thought to facilitate the invasion of host cells.

PMID- 6363681
TI  - Effectiveness of biofeedback for treating migraine and tension headaches: a
      review of the evidence.
AB  - A review of the research reveals no evidence that finger temperature biofeedback
      training or temporal artery pulse biofeedback training is effective for treating
      migraine headaches. On the other hand, there is evidence that EMG biofeedback
      training is effective for treating tension headaches, but the EMG biofeedback
      training is not more effective than less complex and less expensive relaxation
      training. Reasons for the ineffectiveness of biofeedback training are discussed.
      The results of the controlled investigations are in sharp contrast to the
      prevailing beliefs and the results have a variety of implications.

PMID- 6363680
TI  - Behavioural techniques in the management of aerophagia in patients with hiatus
      hernia.
AB  - Aerophagia has been shown to occur in association with hiatus hernia, and it has
      been suggested that it may have an aetiological role. Two behavioural methods are
      described, which are designed to reduce the rate of swallowing. They were applied
      to a group of 12 patients with hiatus hernia, in whom aerophagia had been
      demonstrated. Patients were on the whole successful in reducing their rate of
      spontaneous swallowing. An association was observed between symptomatic
      improvement and successful reduction of swallowing rate. This was still apparent
      on follow-up at nine months. Symptomatic improvement, however, on the whole
      appeared to be short-lived. The possible clinical significance of aerophagia in
      hiatus hernia is discussed.

PMID- 6363682
TI  - Early naval medical libraries, personal and corporate.

PMID- 6363683
TI  - Headquarters Queen Anne's Mansions.

PMID- 6363684
TI  - [Intravenous subtraction angiography in kidney transplant patients].
AB  - Conventional arteriography in patients with kidney transplants and severe
      hypertension is performed principally to determine the presence of a renal artery
      stenosis. In patients with renal failure its use enables detection of any
      arterial lesions. Technological advantages provided by computerized angiography
      within the field of medical imaging should permit earlier diagnosis of arterial
      lesions, with a reduced risk and at a lower cost using a simple intravenous
      injection of the iodized contrast medium.

PMID- 6363685
TI  - Chloroquine resistant malignant subtertian malaria unmasked by systematic steroid
      therapy.
AB  - We report a case of a Nepalese who developed a recrudescence of malignant
      falciparum malaria whilst taking systemic corticosteroids. The malaria was
      resistant to chloroquine at the RI level, the first such case reported from BMH
      Dharan.

PMID- 6363686
TI  - Lieutenant Colonel C T Samman, OStJ, MRCS, LSA, DPH, Master of the Society of
      Apothecaries, 1928-31.

PMID- 6363687
TI  - General practice and the Edinburgh Medical School: 200 years of teaching, care
      and research.

PMID- 6363688
TI  - Effects of corticosterone and dietary changes in the hen on ovarian function,
      plasma LH and steroids and the response to exogenous LH-RH.
AB  - Ovarian regression was induced in hens by infusing 30 micrograms
      corticosterone/h, feeding diets deficient in Ca2+ or Na+ and by withdrawal of
      food and water. The weight of the ovary was most severely reduced by the
      corticosterone infusion. The total number of normal ovarian follicles weighing
      greater than 0.012 g was not altered by any of the treatments. However, the
      number of large yolk-filled follicles decreased while the numbers of smaller
      follicles and atretic follicles increased when ovarian regression was induced by
      dietary changes or hormone infusion as compared to normally fed or solvent
      infused hens. These experimental treatments resulted in decreases in plasma
      concentrations of LH, progesterone and oestradiol, and increases in the plasma
      levels of corticosterone. These changes were immediate except for the low sodium
      diet with which there was a delay of about 6 days. When fasted birds were fed
      oats and given water, plasma LH and oestradiol, but not progesterone, increased.
      The infusion of corticosterone did not affect the ability of the pituitary gland
      to secrete LH after an injection of LH-RH, but this response was reduced or
      eliminated by the other experimental treatments. It is concluded that the
      regression of the ovary induced by these experimental treatments is a consequence
      of the reduction in the secretion of LH, which may itself be caused by increased
      plasma levels of corticosterone. It also appears that recruitment of follicles in
      the maturational stage which precedes entry into the hierarchy of large yolky
      follicles was unaffected by all of the methods of inducing ovarian regression
      which were studied.

PMID- 6363689
TI  - Localization by monoclonal antibodies of various surface antigens of hamster
      spermatozoa and the effect of antibody on fertilization in vitro.
AB  - To determine the importance during fertilization of various plasma membrane
      components of the hamster spermatozoon, monoclonal antibodies were generated in
      the mouse against specific sperm surface antigens. BALB/C mice were immunized
      with washed hamster spermatozoa from the cauda epididymidis and immune
      splenocytes fused with myeloma cells (P3 X 63 Ag8). The sperm-specific
      immunoglobulins were detected in hybridoma cultures by a solid-phase assay
      (ELISA). Five monoclonal antibodies bound specifically to the surface of intact
      hamster spermatozoa, three immunoglobulins to restricted regions of the head and
      tail plasmalemma as detected by immunofluorescence. In two cases, the affinity of
      the membrane antigen was modified during passage through the epididymis.
      Monoclonal antibodies to the sperm head or to the head and tail inhibited
      fertilization in vitro by blocking sperm attachment to the zona pellucida and the
      oolemma.

PMID- 6363690
TI  - Effect of warming rate on mouse embryos frozen and thawed in glycerol.
AB  - Mouse embryos (8-cell) fully equilibrated in 1.5 M-glycerol were cooled slowly
      (0.5 degrees C/min) to temperatures between - 7.5 and - 80 degrees C before rapid
      cooling and storage in liquid nitrogen (-196 degrees C). Some embryos survived
      rapid warming (approximately 500 degrees C/min) irrespective of the temperature
      at which slow cooling was terminated. However, the highest levels of survival of
      rapidly warmed embryos were observed when slow cooling was terminated between -25
      and -80 degrees C (74-86%). In contrast, high survival (75-86%) was obtained
      after slow warming (approximately 2 degrees C/min) only when slow cooling was
      continued to -55 degrees C or below before transfer into liquid N2. Injury to
      embryos cooled slowly to -30 degrees C and then rapidly to -196 degrees C
      occurred only when slow warming (approximately 2 degrees C/min) was continued to 
      60 degrees C or above. Parallel cryomicroscopical observations indicated that
      embryos became dehydrated during slow cooling to -30 degrees C and did not freeze
      intracellularly during subsequent rapid cooling (approximately 250 degrees C/min)
      to -150 degrees C. During slow warming (2 degrees C/min), however, intracellular
      ice appeared at a temperature between -70 and -65 degrees C and melted when
      warming was continued to -30 degrees C. Intracellular freezing was not observed
      during rapid warming (250 degrees C/min) or during slow warming when slow cooling
      had been continued to -65 degrees C. These results indicate that glycerol
      provides superior or equal protection when compared to dimethyl sulphoxide
      against the deleterious effects of freezing and thawing.

PMID- 6363691
TI  - Cryoprotection of day-4 mouse embryos by methanol.
AB  - Methanol was examined as a cryoprotective additive that permits the direct
      transfer of frozen--thawed Day-4 mouse embryos to foster mothers without dilution
      of the cryoprotectant. Methanol permeated the embryos rapidly, was not toxic and
      exerted a cryoprotective action. The highest level of survival (50%) of embryos
      in vitro was observed after equilibration in Medium PB1 containing 3.0 M
      methanol, slow cooling (0.5 degrees C/min) to a temperature between -30 and -40
      degrees C, rapid cooling (800 degrees C/min) and storage in liquid nitrogen (-196
      degrees C), rapid warming (800 degrees C/min), and rapid dilution. A high rate of
      development in vivo to late-stage fetuses (up to 81%) was observed when
      cryopreserved embryos were transferred to pseudopregnant recipients immediately
      after thawing.

PMID- 6363692
TI  - Alteration of free sulphydryl content of rat sperm heads by suppression of
      intratesticular testosterone.
AB  - Subcutaneous injections of testosterone propionate to adult male rats at a dose
      of 2.5 or 10 mg/kg body weight, 3 times per week for 7 weeks, resulted in a 75%
      reduction in serum LH and more than 50% reduction in intratesticular testosterone
      concentration, but serum FSH levels remained unchanged. The free -SH content,
      measured as iodo[14C]acetamide binding, increased by 70-100% in testicular sperm
      heads after suppression of testicular testosterone, and by 25-30% in caput
      epididymal sperm heads but was decreased by 70-80% in cauda epididymal sperm
      heads. These results demonstrate an alteration in the oxidative state of sperm
      nuclear basic proteins, suggesting incomplete nuclear maturation. These changes
      may be specific for the suppression of intratesticular testosterone, thus
      illustrating the androgen dependency of sperm head maturation. The contrast
      effects noted between the iodo[14C]iodoacetamide binding by the caput and the
      cauda epididymal sperm heads indicate that testosterone propionate treatment may
      affect the mechanisms regulating the oxidation of the sulphydryl residues in
      sperm heads during epididymal transit. This alteration may not directly relate to
      the tissue androgen concentrations.

PMID- 6363693
TI  - Experimental chimaerism in sheep.
AB  - Composite sheep embryos (N = 110) were produced by aggregation of blastomeres
      from 2-, 4- or 8-cell embryos. Each composite embryo consisted of equal numbers
      of blastomeres from 2-8 parent embryos, the total cell number ranging from one
      quarter of the normal cell number to 8 times the normal cell number. The embryos
      were embedded in agar and transferred to ligated sheep oviducts to allow
      development up to the early blastocyst stage. Of the 101 embryos subsequently
      recovered, 77 had formed normally organized blastocysts and 74 of these were
      transferred to 51 recipients. Thirty-eight recipients went to full term,
      producing a total of 53 lambs. Of the 48 lambs which survived to be blood typed
      at 60 days of age, 36 were judged to be chimaeric on the basis of their blood
      type and/or on the basis of external features. The proportion of chimaeras was
      larger amongst the lambs produced from composite embryos of the normal number of
      cells or more (25/26) than amongst lambs produced from composite embryos of less
      than the normal cell number (11/22).

PMID- 6363694
TI  - Production of monozygotic mouse twins from microsurgically bisected morulae.
AB  - Mouse monozygotic twins were produced by bisection of the compacted morulae and
      transfer of the pairs of half-embryos after culture in vitro. The compacted
      morulae (about 16 cells) were microsurgically bisected, using a fine glass needle
      attached to a micromanipulator, without any supporting micro-instruments, after
      pretreatment for zona-softening and decompaction. About 80% of the morulae were
      bisected without visible cell damage. After 20 h in culture, the half-embryos
      were classified morphologically as eu-blastocysts, pseudo-blastocysts, or
      trophectodermal vesicles or non-integrated forms. After culture of 131 pairs of
      bisected morulae, 75 (57.3%) pairs of eu-blastocysts, 20 (15.3%) pairs comprising
      a eu-blastocyst and pseudo-blastocyst, and 9 (6.9%) pairs of pseudo-blastocysts,
      were obtained. The pseudo-blastocysts were considered to be derived from half
      morulae in which some blastomeres were destroyed or dissociated as a result of
      micromanipulation. From 30 pairs of eu-blastocysts transferred to 21 recipients,
      5 twin fetuses on Day 17 (18 pairs/9 recipients) and 3 twin male young (12
      pairs/12 recipients) were obtained. Survival rate of the twin-embryo pairs was
      27.8% at autopsy and 25.0% at term. None of the 20 pairs of pseudo-blastocysts
      transferred to 10 recipients gave rise to normal conceptuses.

PMID- 6363695
TI  - Maternal immunoglobulins G, A and M in mouse uterus and embryo during the
      postimplantation period.
AB  - The distribution of maternal IgG, IgA and IgM was studied by an immunoperoxidase
      technique on mouse uteri and embryo sections from 4.5 to 10 days of gestation. In
      the embryo, from day 5, IgG was found in the endoderm, and later in the
      trophoblast, distal and extraembryonic proximal endoderm, embryo cavity and early
      vitelline vessels. From day 6, IgA was found in the same areas but staining was
      less intense and was not seen in vitelline vessels. From day 8, small amounts of
      IgM were found in the same areas, but not in vitelline vessels. Between
      implantation sites, IgG and plasma cells containing IgA remained present in the
      stroma; most glands contained IgA, and the uterine lumen stained for IgA and IgG.
      IgG granules were found in the apical region of luminal epithelial cells in the
      implantation sites at 5 and 5.5 days; IgA granules were seen in the apical region
      of luminal epithelial cells between implantation sites from 4.5 to 6.5 days.
      These results suggest that IgA and some IgM are transmitted along with IgG to the
      early mouse embryo but do not reach the embryonic circulation, and that during
      the implantation period reabsorption of IgG and IgA from the uterine lumen into
      the epithelium differs, depending on the position of this epithelium in relation
      to the embryo. The persistent IgA and IgG secretion in the uterus after
      implantation suggests that during this period the mechanisms regulating
      immunoglobulin secretion may differ from those during the oestrous cycle.

PMID- 6363696
TI  - Perioperative use of cefoxitin in primary cesarean section.
AB  - We performed a randomized, double-blind trial on a relatively low-risk population
      comparing the use of three doses of cefoxitin vs. placebo in the prevention of
      infection following primary cesarean section. Major site-related morbidity
      (endometritis, wound infection and septicemia) was significantly reduced in the
      cefoxitin group (8.9% vs. 27.8%; p = 0.017). Febrile morbidity alone tended to
      occur in the cefoxitin group (15.6% vs. 3.7%; p = 0.091), and all five urinary
      tract infections occurred in the cefoxitin group as well. Total morbidity was
      therefore not significantly different (cefoxitin, 35.6%; placebo, 31.5% [not
      significant]). Duration of hospitalization (mean, 6.0 days) and need for further
      postoperative antibiotic therapy were similar in the two groups. Our study
      demonstrated a modest benefit from the perioperative use of antibiotics in
      relatively low-risk patients undergoing primary cesarean section. Issues that
      need further study include definition of the optimal prophylactic regimen and of
      high-risk populations for whom prophylaxis would be most helpful.

PMID- 6363697
TI  - Urinary excretion of antinuclear antibodies.
AB  - The frequency of antinuclear antibodies (ANA), the immunoglobulin class of ANA
      and their specificity for known nuclear antigens were determined in 24-h urine
      collections from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and progressive
      systemic sclerosis (PSS). Sixteen % of SLE patients had detectable urine ANA by
      indirect immunofluorescence using mouse kidney substrate. A higher incidence, 32%
      of SLE and 28% of PSS patients, had detectable ANA in a titer greater than or
      equal to 1:16 using HEp-2 cell substrate. IgG ANA was the most frequent
      immunoglobulin class of antibodies present in the urine; 56% of SLE and 29% of
      PSS patients with urine ANA had more than one immunoglobulin class of antibodies.
      Antibodies to Sm, nRNP, SS-A and dsDNA were detected in SLE urine; antibodies to
      SS-A and centromere were detected in PSS urine. Urine ANA detected on mouse
      kidney substrate and urine dsDNA antibodies correlated with diffuse proliferative
      glomerulonephritis in patients with SLE. Sixty-two% of SLE patients with urine
      ANA had proteinuria. In the remaining SLE patients and in all the PSS patients
      with urine ANA however, protein excretion was normal. SDS-PAGE revealed heavy and
      light immunoglobulin molecules in both SLE and PSS patients with urine ANA. The
      intact immunoglobulin was shown to have ANA activity. ANA present in the urine of
      SLE and PSS patients with apparently normal renal function may be an early sign
      of altered glomerular capillary membrane permeability.

PMID- 6363698
TI  - Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of clindamycin analogues: pirlimycin, 1,2 a
      potent antibacterial agent.
AB  - The preparation of a series of analogues of clindamycin is described in which the
      naturally occurring five-membered cyclic amino acid amide portion of the molecule
      is replaced by a four-, six-, or seven-membered cyclic amino acid amide. The most
      interesting compound is pirlimycin (7e, U-57,930E), in which the (2S-trans)-4-n
      propylhygramide portion of clindamycin is replaced by (2S-cis)-4
      ethylpipecolamide. This structural modification results in significantly
      favorable changes in toxicity, metabolism, and antibacterial potency. Although
      the in vitro antibacterial activity of clindamycin and pirlimycin are nearly
      identical, the latter compound is 2-20 times more active than clindamycin when
      administered to mice experimentally infected with strains of Staphylococcus
      aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bacteroides fragilis,
      and Plasmodium berghei. Pirlimycin is absorbed in rats and mice following both
      subcutaneous and oral administration. It readily penetrates B. fragilis induced
      abscesses in mice and is sequestered within these abscesses. A drug concentration
      of at least 60 times the required inhibitory concentration is maintained for 6 h
      following a single subcutaneous dose of 200 mg/kg. Urinary excretion of total
      bioactivity consists only of intact pirlimycin with no other antibacterially
      active metabolites being detected. Pirlimycin is tolerated well in rats and mice
      at the administered levels.

PMID- 6363699
TI  - The origin of ovarian teratomas.
AB  - Chromosome and enzyme markers have been studied in 21 benign ovarian teratomas
      from 14 patients. Markers heterozygous in the patient were completely homozygous
      in 52% of the teratomas and completely heterozygous in 19%. The remainder showed
      a mixture of the two, 10% having homozygous centromeres with some heterozygous
      enzyme markers and 19% having heterozygous centromeres and some homozygous enzyme
      markers. These results suggest that benign ovarian teratomas in the present
      series arise from germ cells in a number of different ways. Those with
      heterozygous centromeres probably arise by failure of meiosis I. Some tumours
      with homozygous centromeres must arise by failure of meiosis II, but because of
      the low level of heterozygous enzyme markers in this group a substantial number
      are thought to arise by duplication of a mature ovum to give an entirely
      homozygous genotype, genetically the female equivalent of the complete
      hydatidiform mole.

PMID- 6363700
TI  - The Abraham Flexner Award for Distinguished Service to Medical Education. Julius
      R. Krevans, M.D.

PMID- 6363701
TI  - The AAMC Award for Distinguished Research in the Biomedical Sciences. Philip
      Leder, M.D.

PMID- 6363702
TI  - Transformation of medicine since 1945.

PMID- 6363703
TI  - Alan Gregg Memorial lecture. Managing the revolution in medical care.

PMID- 6363704
TI  - The proteolytic potential of Candida albicans in human saliva supplemented with
      glucose.
AB  - The production of proteases by Candida albicans in batch cultures of human saliva
      supplemented with glucose was investigated with two clinical strains of Candida
      and both individual and pooled samples of whole saliva from volunteers. Salivary
      proteolysis during a 48-h period was estimated by biochemical and isoelectric
      focusing techniques. Candidal growth in saliva was associated with acid
      production and salivary proteolysis and there was a highly significant positive
      correlation between these two activities. Neither candidal growth nor proteolysis
      was observed in glucose-free control samples and with one strain of Candida
      cultured in the saliva of one individual. Isotachophoretic analysis of culture
      liquor showed a significant increase in acetate and pyruvate ions. The oral
      cavity provides niches that have a low pH and are periodically supplemented with
      dietary carbohydrates. The acidic proteases of C. albicans may play a role in the
      pathogenesis of oral candidoses.

PMID- 6363705
TI  - Detection of immunoperoxidase labelled mycoplasmas in cell culture by light
      microscopy and electronmicroscopy.
AB  - A McCoy cell line persistently infected with Mycoplasma orale was examined by
      light microscopy and electronmicroscopy after specific labelling with a direct
      immunoperoxidase conjugate. Mycoplasmas were readily detected in monolayer
      cultures in bright-field conditions and these were related to labelled organisms
      observed by electronmicroscopy in thin sections of similar cells. The specificity
      of the conjugate for M. orale was demonstrated by blocking with unconjugated
      antiserum, and by its inability to detect M. bovirhinis. Non-specific background
      labelling was consistently absent.

PMID- 6363706
TI  - A 16-month analysis of urinary tract infection in children.
AB  - Results of the examination of urine specimens with evidence of acute urinary
      tract infections from children aged 16 years and under in general practice were
      analysed during a period of 16 months. Infections were much commoner in girls
      than in boys, with Escherichia coli most frequently involved in both groups.
      Urinary tract infections caused by Proteus strains were predominantly associated
      with boys. Infections in girls showed a higher incidence at 3, 6 and 16 years of
      age. Possible reasons for these sex- and age-associated patterns of infection are
      discussed. It is suggested than an important factor in the prevention of urinary
      tract infections in young girls is proper supervision of school lavatories. The
      report illustrates how much useful information can be obtained from the analysis
      of diagnostic results based on a simple but thorough laboratory approach.

PMID- 6363708
TI  - Virulence of Klebsiella strains in experimentally induced skin lesions in the
      mouse.
AB  - The virulence of 93 clinical isolates of Klebsiella was compared in a mouse model
      by subcutaneous injection. Skin pathogenicity was measured by estimating the
      number of viable bacteria in the lesions 24 h after infection with a dose of
      10(7) bacteria. Strains of serotypes K1-6 were compared with strains of serotypes
      higher than K6. All K1 and K5, and some K2 and K4 strains were more virulent for
      mice than strains with a serotype higher than K6. The K3 strains were
      significantly less virulent than the strains with a serotype higher than K6. The
      bacteriological findings were confirmed by histological examination with some
      strains. No differences in virulence were observed between strains of the same
      serotype isolated from patients with cystitis or from those with pyelonephritis,
      nor between strains of the same serotype isolated from the blood of patients with
      septicaemia or from other sites. The mouse model has been found satisfactory for
      observing differences in virulence between Klebsiella isolates.

PMID- 6363707
TI  - Studies on Escherichia coli as a cause of acute diarrhoea in Calcutta.
AB  - The prevalence of different types of diarrhoea-producing Escherichia coli among
      240 patients with acute diarrhoea in hospital was investigated. The 25 patients
      (10.4% of the total) from whose faeces we isolated enteropathogenic E. coli
      (EPEC) were all less than 5 years old but the 29 (12.1%) from whom we isolated
      enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) were of various ages, most of them greater than 12
      years old. No enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) strains were isolated. ETEC strains
      that produced heat-labile toxin (LT) were encountered more often than those that
      produced either heat-stable toxin (ST) alone or both LT and ST. The ETEC isolates
      were distributed among eight different serotypes, the commonest being O148:H28
      (38%). Correlations between enterotoxin production, serotype pattern and
      possession of colonisation factor antigens I and II were observed.

PMID- 6363709
TI  - Cold reacting antinuclear antibody in Henoch-Schonlein Purpura.
AB  - Although the etiology is unknown, a number of features of Henoch-Schonlein
      Purpura (HSP) suggest an immune pathogenesis. Using indirect immunofluorescence,
      we evaluated 19 patients with HSP for the presence of cold reacting antinuclear
      antibody (ANA). Eighteen of 19 patients demonstrated cold reacting ANA of the IgG
      class when human epithelial cells were utilized as substrate. The
      immunofluorescent pattern was speckled in all. One patient demonstrated ANA when
      tested at room temperature, while the remaining 18 were negative at room
      temperature. Cold reacting ANA persisted for periods of 6 months to 6 years in 10
      patients, regardless of concomitant disease activity. None of the HSP patients
      demonstrated cold reacting ANA when mouse kidney sections were employed as
      substrate. Moreover, none demonstrated antibody to DNA or to extractable nuclear
      antigen. Sera from 20 normal adults, 10 normal children, and 7 children with
      juvenile rheumatoid arthritis were all negative when tested for cold reacting
      ANA. Cold incubation altered neither the ANA titer nor the immunofluorescent
      pattern in 5 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. These results indicate
      that patients with HSP elaborate a cold reacting ANA which is substrate
      dependent.

PMID- 6363710
TI  - Radiologic seminar CCXXXIV: lymphoma of the breast: case report.

PMID- 6363711
TI  - Structure of the Escherichia coli 50 S ribosomal subunit.
AB  - Freeze-dried and shadowed Escherichia coli 50 S ribosomal subunits have been
      examined by electron microscopy and a model of the subunit has been constructed.
      High resolution shadow casting has enabled us to determine independently the
      absolute hand of the subunit and to reveal some new structural features.

PMID- 6363712
TI  - Structural homology in the amino-terminal domains of two aminoacyl-tRNA
      synthetases.
AB  - The three-dimensional structures of two animoacyl-tRNA synthetases, the methionyl
      tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli (MetRS) and the tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase
      from Bacillus stearothermophilus (TyrRS), show a remarkable similarity over a
      span of about 140 amino acids. The region of homologous folding corresponds to a
      five-stranded parallel beta-sheet, including a mononucleotide-binding fold. One
      cysteine and two histidine residues that were found to be invariant in the amino
      acid sequences occupy similar places in the nucleotide-binding fold. In TyrRS,
      these residues are close to the adenylate binding site, and in MetRS to the Mg2+
      ATP binding site.

PMID- 6363713
TI  - Crosslinking of phenylalanyl-tRNA to the ribosomal A site via a photoaffinity
      probe attached to the 4-thiouridine residue is exclusively to ribosomal protein
      S19.
AB  - Phe-tRNA of Escherichia coli, specifically derivatized at the S4U8 position with
      the 9 A long p-azidophenacyl photoaffinity probe, can be crosslinked to 30 S
      ribosomal protein when the tRNA is placed at the ribosomal A site. This protein
      has now been identified by immunological methods. The protein-[3H]Phe-tRNA
      covalent complex, obtained by extraction with 6 M-urea, was reacted separately
      with each of the 21 purified antisera to 30 S ribosomal proteins. The double
      antibody technique was used. Anti-S19 was the only antiserum able to precipitate
      the radioactivity, and 66 to 81% of the added radioactivity could be
      precipitated. The same result was obtained with three different ribosome
      preparations, at low as well as high crosslinking yield, with dipeptidyl-tRNA in
      the A site as well as aminoacyl-tRNA, and when binding and crosslinking were
      performed at 20 mM-Mg2+ instead of at 5 mM. Therefore, when aminoacyl-tRNA or
      peptidyl-tRNA is in the ribosomal A site, position 8, which is always uridine or
      4-thiouridine, must be within 9 A of protein S19.

PMID- 6363714
TI  - Nucleotide substitution in the amino acid acceptor stem of lysine transfer RNA
      causes missense suppression.
AB  - Previous results from this laboratory indicated that, in Escherichia coli K12, a
      new class of missense suppressors, which read the lysine codons AAA and AAG, may
      be misacylated lysine transfer RNAs. We therefore isolated and determined the
      nucleotide sequence of the lysine tRNA from two of the suppressor strains. In
      each case, we found both wild-type and mutant species of lysine tRNA, a result
      consistent with evidence that there are two genes for lysine tRNA in the E coli
      genome. The wild-type sequence was essentially identical to that reported for
      lysine tRNA from E. coli B. The mutant species isolated from each suppressor
      strain had a U for C70 nucleotide substitution, demonstrating that the AAG
      suppressor is a mutant lysine tRNA. The nucleotide substitution in the amino acid
      acceptor stem is consistent with the in vivo evidence that the suppressor
      corrects AAA and AAG missense mutations by inserting an amino acid other than
      lysine during polypeptide synthesis. This report represents the first
      verification of missense suppression caused by misacylation of a mutant tRNA.

PMID- 6363715
TI  - Escherichia coli DNA photolyase is a flavoprotein.
AB  - Escherichia coli DNA photolyase (photoreactivating enzyme) was purified to
      homogeneity from a strain that greatly overproduces the protein. The purified
      enzyme has absorption peaks at 280 and 380 nm, a fluorescence emission peak at
      480 nm and, upon denaturation, releases a chromophore that has the spectroscopic
      properties of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), indicating that FAD is an
      intrinsic chromophore of the enzyme.

PMID- 6363716
TI  - Electron microscopy of tRNA crystals. II. 4 A resolution diffraction pattern and
      substantial stability to radiation damage.
AB  - Electron microscopy was applied to thin crystals of yeast tRNAPhe. The crystals
      embedded in glucose yield Bragg reflections with a spacing smaller than 4 A. The
      measurement of radiation damage rate demonstrates that they are 4 to 14 times
      less susceptible to electron exposures than protein crystals embedded in glucose.

PMID- 6363717
TI  - Interaction of tight binding repressors with lac operators. An analysis by DNA
      footprinting.
AB  - To increase our understanding of protein-DNA interaction in general, and in
      particular that of lac repressor with lac operator, we have investigated the
      interaction of tight binding (Itb) repressors with wild type (WT) operator and Oc
      operators. Nine Oc and a WT operator were cloned and sequenced. Three different
      Oc and an O+ were then chosen for the footprint analysis of six Itb repressors
      and WT repressor. Distinct protection patterns for the various repressor-operator
      pairs were observed at low repressor concentrations whereas, at high repressor
      concentrations, a stretch of 24 bases of the lower strand of the four different
      operators was protected in most cases. This protection pattern at high repressor
      concentration was almost completely redundant for all repressor-operator pairs,
      in spite of the fact that the affinities of the various pairs differed by more
      than three orders of magnitude. Two exceptions to this general observation were
      the two tight binding repressors R67 and R78a. These had been mapped in a region
      that codes for amino acid residues involved in subunit interaction. The two
      repressors showed reduced protection of O+ and of some Oc operators at the 3'
      (right) end of the lower strand. Dimethylsulfoxide, which is known to increase
      the affinity of O+ for repressor, did not increase the number of bases protected
      by WT repressor on the lower strand of O+. The footprinting results presented
      here clearly demonstrate that lac repressor can maximally protect about 24 bases
      of the lower strand of the operator and that the number and kind of interactions
      occurring in this region determine the strength of the repressor-operator
      interaction.

PMID- 6363718
TI  - Steps in the stabilization of newly packaged DNA during phage P22 morphogenesis.
AB  - The protein products of three adjacent P22 genes, 4, 10 and 26, are required for
      the stabilization of DNA newly packaged into P22 phage capsids. We have isolated
      unstable DNA containing capsids from cells infected with mutants defective in
      these genes. All three classes could be converted into mature phage in vitro,
      confirming that they represent intermediates in particle maturation. The first of
      the three proteins to add to the newly filled capsids is gp4, followed by gp10
      and gp26. The active form of gp4 sediments at 3 S, while the active forms of both
      gp10 and gp26 sediment at 5 S. These soluble subunits appear to polymerize onto
      the newly filled capsids to form the neck of the mature phage, the channel for
      DNA injection. Since gp4 is the first protein to act after DNA packaging, the
      unstable DNA containing capsids from 4- -infected cells must represent the direct
      product of the packaging of DNA into procapsids. The major fraction of these
      capsids lost activity with a half-life of 1.1 minutes at 23 degrees C, though
      they were much more stable at 0 degree C. Electron microscopic observations
      indicated that the loss of activity was due to the DNA exiting from the
      incomplete capsids. The marginal stability of the condensed DNA molecules within
      capsids is consistent with models of ATP-driven condensation and spontaneous DNA
      ejection. The basis of the stability of these highly condensed molecules remains
      to be determined.

PMID- 6363719
TI  - Reduced expression of the isoleucine and valine enzymes in integration host
      factor mutants of Escherichia coli.
AB  - The level of the isoleucine and valine (Ilv) enzymes specified by the ilvB and
      ilvGEDA operons is reduced in integration host factor mutants (himA and himD) of
      Escherichia coli K-12. Growth inhibition of these strains in minimal medium can
      be explained by the decreased amounts of one of the Ilv enzymes, acetohydroxy
      acid synthase I (AHASI). No growth inhibition, or reduction in AHASI activity,
      was found in a himA derivative of a mutant strain containing high constitutive
      levels of AHASI. A strong correlation was observed in himA strains between the
      reduced amount of the Ilv enzymes and of Ilv-specific messenger RNA. These data
      suggest that integration host factor may be a positive effector for transcription
      of the ilvB and ilvGEDA operons.

PMID- 6363720
TI  - Anorexia nervosa in black adolescents.
AB  - Anorexia nervosa has been considered rare or nonexistent among blacks. A report
      of the presentation and clinical course of this disorder in two black female
      adolescents illustrates a serious medical psychiatric problem that may be
      increasingly detected among predisposed teenagers of the black middle and
      professional classes. Unrecognized and incorrectly treated, the disease may run a
      fatal course in 20 percent of the cases. Differential diagnosis, etiology, and
      treatment of the condition are reviewed.

PMID- 6363721
TI  - Appropriateness of parent-specific stature adjustment for US black children.
AB  - The appropriateness for US black children of a new method that considers parental
      statures when evaluating a child's length or stature is discussed. Although there
      are small differences in the average growth of blacks and whites, it is suggested
      that a single growth standard (the National Center for Health Statistics
      percentiles) is appropriate for the evaluation of length and stature of black
      children. Recent national data show no important differences between mean
      statures of black and white adults that would render the parent-specific method
      inappropriate for US blacks. Finally, there is no convincing evidence for
      differences between blacks and whites in parent-child relationships for stature.
      It is concluded that the new method is appropriate for US black children, and its
      use is recommended as an aid in determining the nature of statural growth
      problems.

PMID- 6363722
TI  - The results of 39 fractures complicated by major segmental bone loss and/or leg
      length discrepancy.
AB  - Thirty-nine fractures with segmental bone loss and/or limb length discrepancy
      with defects of 1.8 to 12.0 cm were reviewed retrospectively. Most patients
      presented with an acute open fracture with segmental bone loss or a late
      reconstructive problem with a nonunion, frequently complicated by infection,
      segmental bone loss, and adjacent soft-tissue disruption. One hundred forty-two
      weeks was the average length of time of treatment before referral of a patient to
      us. Eighty-eight per cent of the patients received a bone graft that included
      either autologous cancellous bone, bank bone, a vascularized free iliac crest or
      fibular transplant, or some combination of these materials. Forty per cent of the
      patients required some type of soft-tissue coverage such as a split-thickness
      skin graft, myoplasty, or a free vascularized flap. Seventy-nine per cent of the
      cases achieved complete osseous and soft-tissue healing within an average of 49
      weeks. One patient underwent an above-knee amputation. Almost 80% of all of the
      patients healed to within 85% or better of anatomic length. Based upon these
      results a protocol for the management of osseous and soft-tissue defects is
      outlined which includes debridement, rigid stabilization, and various types of
      soft-tissue and osseous reconstruction.

PMID- 6363723
TI  - The effect of high-frequency jet ventilation on intracranial pressure in patients
      with closed head injuries.
AB  - Positive pressure ventilation (PPV) can increase intracranial pressure (ICP) in
      patients with closed head injuries. This adverse effect may be secondary to
      elevated peak airway pressures. High-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) has been
      shown to produce lower peak airway pressures and decrease ICP in experimental
      animals. This report describes a patient with a head injury who was ventilated
      with a high-frequency jet ventilator.

PMID- 6363724
TI  - The Sertoli cell in lizards.
AB  - Sertoli cells of lizards are characterized by variable size, abundant smooth and
      rough endoplasmic reticulum, multivesicular bodies, lipid vacuoles probably
      related to the spermatogenic cycle, and mitochondria of normal size. The
      cytoskeleton contains actin, particularly abundant in the cell periphery,
      vimentin all around the nucleus and throughout the rest of the cytoplasm.
      Moreover, microtubules are distributed in the cell periphery. The junctional
      complexes demonstrate the presence of a very efficient blood-testis barrier,
      containing tight, gap, tight-gap, septate-like, desmosome-like, and "Sertoli
      Sertoli" junctions. In the last, the actin layer interposed between the plasma
      membrane and the subsurface cistern is absent. The desmosome-like junctions are
      surrounded by 7-nm filaments and not by intermediate filaments.

PMID- 6363725
TI  - High-resolution sonographic detection of a gas-forming testicular abscess in a
      renal transplant patient.

PMID- 6363727
TI  - Catheter-associated bacteriuria. Failure to reduce attack rates using periodic
      instillations of a disinfectant into urinary drainage systems.
AB  - We assessed the efficacy of periodic instillations of hydrogen peroxide into
      urinary drainage systems in the prevention of catheter-associated bacteriuria in
      a prospective and randomized clinical study of 668 patients with indwelling
      urethral catheters. Bacteriuria was documented in 68 (10%) of the 668 patients
      after a mean duration of four days of catheterization. There was no difference
      between the hydrogen peroxide group and the control group in the mean duration of
      catheterization before the onset of bacteriuria, in the attack rate for
      bacteriuria, or in the spectrum of etiologic agents recovered. Bag contamination
      with the same organism responsible for bacteriuria preceded infection in only
      five (7%) of the 68 patients, three patients using hydrogen peroxide and two in
      the control group. We conclude that infections arising intraluminally from
      contamination of the drainage bag are uncommon among catheterized patients and
      that the periodic instillation of disinfectants into closed sterile drainage
      systems is not effective in reducing the incidence of catheter-associated
      bacteriuria.

PMID- 6363726
TI  - Analysis of an influenza A virus mutant with a deletion in the NS segment.
AB  - The influenza virus host range mutant CR43-3, derived by recombination from the
      A/Alaska/6/77 and the cold-adapted and temperature-sensitive A/Ann Arbor/6/60
      viruses, has previously been shown to possess a defect in the NS gene. To
      characterize this defect, nucleotide sequence data were obtained from cloned
      cDNAs. The CR43-3 NS gene was found to be 854 nucleotides long and to derive from
      the NS gene of the A/Alaska/6/77 parent virus by an internal deletion of 36
      nucleotides. Direct sequencing of RNA 8 of CR43-3 virus confirmed that the
      deletion in the NS1-coding region was not an artifact that was generated during
      the cloning procedure. Protein analysis indicated that the NS1 protein of CR43-3
      virus was synthesized in equal amounts in the restrictive (MDCK) cells as well as
      in the permissive (PCK) host cells. Also, indirect immunofluorescence studies of
      virus-infected cells showed that the NS1 protein of CR43-3 virus, like that of
      the parent viruses, accumulates in the nuclei of both cell systems. Although no
      differences in synthesis or localization of the NS1 protein could be detected, a
      consistent reduction in M1 protein was noted in CR43-3 virus-infected,
      nonpermissive cells as compared with that of the permissive host. Since analysis
      of the CR43-3 virus required us to obtain the NS nucleotide sequence of the 1977
      isolate A/Alaska/6/77, we were able to compare this sequence with those of
      corresponding genes of earlier strains. The result of this analysis supports the
      idea of a common lineage of human influenza A viruses isolated over a 43-year
      period.

PMID- 6363728
TI  - Five hundred years of specialty certification and compulsory continuing medical
      education. Venice 1300-1801.
AB  - From 1300 to 1801, Venice required an early form of specialty certification for
      medical practice and the yearly attendance of refresher courses in anatomy by all
      licensed practitioners in the city. The latter requirement provoked ingenious
      evasions, which the Venetian government continually tried to overcome. This
      article describes the system and its implementation, based on Venetian archival
      documents.

PMID- 6363729
TI  - Landmark article April 24, 1937. The treatment of meningococcic meningitis with
      sulfanilamide. Preliminary report. By Francis F. Schwentker, Sidney Gelman, and
      Perrin H. Long.

PMID- 6363730
TI  - Landmark perspective. Sulfonamides and meningitis.

PMID- 6363732
TI  - Landmark article Dec 24,1938: An acute infection of the respiratory tract with
      atypical pneumonia. A disease entity probably caused by a filtrable virus. By
      Hobart A. Reimann.

PMID- 6363731
TI  - A clinical trial of change in maternal smoking and its effect on birth weight.
AB  - These clinical trial results are the first, to our knowledge, from a prospective,
      randomized, and controlled experiment demonstrating that a reduction of smoking
      during pregnancy improves the birth weight of the infant. Nine hundred thirty
      five pregnant smokers were randomly assigned to treatment and control groups; the
      former received smoking intervention. At the eighth month of pregnancy,
      differences between the two groups in salivary thiocyanate level and reported
      smoking were statistically significant. For single, live births, the treatment
      group infants had a mean birth weight that was 92 g heavier and were 0.6 cm
      greater in length than the control group infants. The decrement in weight related
      to smoking cannot be fully explained by gestational age. The findings suggest
      that some fetal growth retardation can be overcome by the provision of
      antismoking assistance to pregnant women.

PMID- 6363733
TI  - Landmark perspective: The atypical pneumonia syndrome.

PMID- 6363734
TI  - St Vincent de Paul.

PMID- 6363735
TI  - Auriculotherapy fails to relieve chronic pain. A controlled crossover study.
AB  - Enthusiastic reports of the effectiveness of electrical stimulation of the outer
      ear for the relief of pain ("auriculotherapy") have led to increasing use of the
      procedure. In the present study, auriculotherapy was evaluated in 36 patients
      suffering from chronic pain, using a controlled crossover design. The first
      experiment compared the effects of stimulation of designated auriculotherapy
      points, and of control points unrelated to the painful area. A second experiment
      compared stimulation of designated points with a no-stimulation placebo control.
      Pain-relief scores obtained with the McGill Pain Questionnaire failed to show any
      differences in either experiment. It is concluded that auriculotherapy is not an
      effective therapeutic procedure for chronic pain.

PMID- 6363736
TI  - Landmark article Sept 17, 1938: Sodium diphenyl hydantoinate in the treatment of
      convulsive disorders. By H. Houston Merritt and Tracy J. Putnam.
AB  - In a previous study it has been shown that sodium diphenyl hydantoinate is
      effective in preventing electrically induced convulsive seizures in cats. The
      drug is relatively nontoxic and well tolerated by the usual laboratory animals. A
      clinical trial of sodium diphenyl hydantoinate was made in 200 patients with
      frequent convulsive seizures which had not been relieved by the previous modes of
      therapy. In 142 such patients who have received the treatment for periods varying
      from two to eleven months, grand mal attacks were relieved in 58 per cent and
      greatly decreased in frequency in an additional 27 per cent; petit mal attacks
      were relieved in 35 per cent and greatly decreased in frequency in an additional
      49 per cent, and psychic equivalent attacks were relieved in 67 per cent and
      greatly decreased in frequency in 33 per cent. There were no fatalities. A toxic
      dermatitis occurred in ten patients (5 per cent), nonthrombocytopenic purpura in
      one patient and minor (in many instances, transient) toxic reactions, tremors,
      ataxia, dizziness and the like in approximately 15 per cent.

PMID- 6363737
TI  - Landmark perspective: Introduction of sodium diphenyl hydantoinate.

PMID- 6363738
TI  - Medicine in the USA: historical vignettes. XX. The Flexner report of 1910.

PMID- 6363739
TI  - Sclerotherapy continues to undergo evaluation.

PMID- 6363740
TI  - Prophylactic sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in ventriculoperitoneal shunt
      surgery. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
AB  - We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study during a 30
      month period to determine whether sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim would
      decrease the incidence of infections occurring after ventriculoperitoneal shunt
      surgery. Of the 120 patients who completed the study according to protocol, 55
      received sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim and 65 received placebo. The incidence
      of CSF infection in the group receiving sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (4/55)
      was similar to that in the control group (5/65). There was a trend toward earlier
      identification of infections in the sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim group
      (mean, 24.5 days) compared with the control group (mean, 47 days). There was no
      difference between infected and uninfected patients with respect to frequency of
      purported risk factors for infection, including history of shunt infection,
      history of recent myelomeningocele repair, and type and duration of shunt
      surgery. The incidence of shunt malfunction was similar in uninfected patients
      receiving antibiotic prophylaxis (18/51) compared with that of patients receiving
      placebo (23/60). We did not find that the perioperative use of sulfamethoxazole
      and trimethoprim reduced the incidence of shunt infection or malfunction.

PMID- 6363742
TI  - Landmark perspective: Patent ductus arteriosus.

PMID- 6363741
TI  - Landmark article Feb 25, 1939: Surgical ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus.
      Report of first successful case. By Robert E. Gross and John P. Hubbard.

PMID- 6363743
TI  - [Recent findings in the study of anesthesiologic history (21). An etymological
      study of "masui"].

PMID- 6363744
TI  - [Progress of antibiotics and research on antiviral agent].

PMID- 6363745
TI  - [Regularly arranged structures in bacterial wall surfaces].

PMID- 6363746
TI  - [Heat-stable enterotoxin produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli].

PMID- 6363747
TI  - [Memorable items in my research].

PMID- 6363748
TI  - [Reflections on my studies of anaerobes].

PMID- 6363749
TI  - [Blood component transfusion in bone marrow transplant patients].

PMID- 6363750
TI  - [Factors in the development of Kawasaki disease and specificity of immunity in
      children].

PMID- 6363751
TI  - [Critique on the streptococcal infection theory for the cause of Kawasaki
      disease].

PMID- 6363752
TI  - [Kawasaki disease: basis of the streptococcal theory (proposed by Ueno and
      Matsumi), with a rebuttal to its critique].

PMID- 6363753
TI  - [Experimental models of Kawasaki disease].

PMID- 6363754
TI  - [Malignant hyperthermia, syndrome malin, and heat stroke].

PMID- 6363755
TI  - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)].

PMID- 6363756
TI  - [Urinary enzyme determinations in clinical practice].

PMID- 6363757
TI  - [Urinary enzyme determination and its clinical significance. A. Enzymes derived
      from the digestive system. 2. Pepsinogen].

PMID- 6363758
TI  - [Urinary enzyme determination and its clinical significance. C. Enzyme derived
      from the kidney tubular epithelium--N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. 11. Clinical
      significance of urinary NAG activity in patients with kidney diseases and those
      with kidney homografts].

PMID- 6363759
TI  - [Human B cell activating mechanism. III. Determination of supernatant Ig in
      culture by fluorescent immunoassay and its clinical significance].

PMID- 6363760
TI  - [Detection of the circulating antibody against human islet cell membrane using
      isolated rat islet cells (1). Separation of the antigenic cells and fractionation
      of serum IgG].

PMID- 6363761
TI  - [Determination of protein-unbound bilirubin concentrations by an enzymatic
      method(II)--protein-unbound bilirubin concentrations in the umbilical cord
      serum].

PMID- 6363762
TI  - [Identification of streptococci isolated from clinical specimens by their
      biochemical characteristics--comparison between the API STREP system and
      conventional methods].

PMID- 6363763
TI  - [Cytodiagnosis and general physical findings--pathophysiology of the membranes
      lining the body cavities and the characteristics of the body fluids].

PMID- 6363764
TI  - [Development of a simple digital subtraction angiography system].

PMID- 6363765
TI  - [Role of eosinophils in the pathogenic mechanisms of blister formation in bullous
      pemphigoid].

PMID- 6363766
TI  - [Plasma exchange therapy in pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid--our
      clinical experiences and the role of bullous pemphigoid antibody in blister
      formation].

PMID- 6363767
TI  - Evaluation of micro-ELISA for schistosomiasis japonica using crude egg antigen.
AB  - Procedures of micro-ELISA for detecting antibody of Schistosoma japonicum
      infection were improved by using crude egg antigen, peroxidase-labeled antibody
      and O-phenylenediamine on a micro-ELISA plate (M129A, Dynatech). Reactions were
      performed with 0.1 ml of reagents in 0.3 ml wells at each step and 0.3 ml of
      substrate was placed at the final procedure. The endpoint of reaction was defined
      as the upper limit of 99% critical range of absorbance in negative sera at 1:40
      dilution which was approximately twice the absorbance of a pooled negative serum
      at 1:40. Using this endpoint, appropriate concentrations of antigen and conjugate
      were determined. Cross-reactions of egg antigen were observed with sera at 1:40
      from the infections with other schistosomes, Trichobilharzia brevis, Fasciola
      hepatica, Echinococcus multilocularis and Trichinella spiralis were diminished at
      1:200 serum dilutions except for other schistosomes. Among 177 egg positives, 171
      (96.6%) showed the titer of 200 or higher while 67 old cases at Kofu, Japan
      showed low titers where 22 (31.9%) were lower than 40, 44 (63.7%) were between 40
      and 160 and 3 (4.4%) were 320 or higher. The proven non-infected controls of 93
      cases from Leyte and Manila, Philippines, Tokyo and Kofu, Japan were all
      negative. The result of ELISA for schistosomiasis japonica by crude egg antigen
      was satisfactory after standardization and stabilization of the procedures which
      were considered to be as important as using defined antigens.

PMID- 6363768
TI  - Treatment of cotton rat filariasis by spaced dosage of diethylcarbamazine.

PMID- 6363769
TI  - [Blood thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin I2 levels and platelet phospholipid fatty
      acid composition ratios in ischemic heart disease and cerebral infarction--with
      special reference to the effect of antiplatelet agents].

PMID- 6363770
TI  - [Urinary excretion of beta2-microglobulin in workers exposed to metallic mercury
      vapor].

PMID- 6363771
TI  - [Explanation for the tentatively proposed maximum allowable exposure level
      (1983): manganese and manganese compounds (excluding organic manganese)].

PMID- 6363772
TI  - [Proposed algorithm for the optimum test sequence with diagnosis of pancreatic
      disease as an example].

PMID- 6363773
TI  - [Cancer and radiotherapy(8). New medical imaging and cancer diagnosis].

PMID- 6363774
TI  - [Prevention of an resistance to acute renal failure, and changes of afferent
      arterial diameter in experimental models].

PMID- 6363775
TI  - [Effects of vasopressin and insulin on sodium transport in the cultured renal
      cells].

PMID- 6363776
TI  - [Clinical studies of bilateral congenital renal hypoplasia].

PMID- 6363777
TI  - [Prostaglandins and kidney functions].

PMID- 6363778
TI  - [Renal metabolism of PGI2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha].

PMID- 6363779
TI  - [Morphological and functional abnormalities of renal tubules in chronic
      interstitial nephritis, with special reference to the transplanted kidney as a
      disease model].

PMID- 6363780
TI  - [Detection of anti-aspergillus IgG type antibody in the sera by solid phase
      immunoradiometric assay--comparison with gel precipitation test in cases of
      pulmonary aspergilloma].

PMID- 6363781
TI  - [Caerulein-induced contraction of the ileal longitudinal smooth muscle isolated
      from various animal species].
AB  - An effect of caerulein was studied on a contractile response of the ileal
      longitudinal smooth muscle isolated from seven animal species, monkey, dog,
      rabbit, guinea-pig, rat, vole and mouse. In isotonic recording, caerulein induced
      a contraction in the muscle isolated from all animal species. Sensitivities of
      ileal strips to caerulein in the contractile response was divided into three
      groups. That is, a high sensitive group; dog and guinea-pig, a middle sensitive
      group; rabbit and vole, a low sensitive group; monkey, rat and mouse. In another
      series of experiment, effect of several antagonists was examined on the caerulein
      induced contraction in ileal muscle of dog, rabbit or guinea-pig. TTX inhibited
      the contractions in all the ilea. As the contraction was inhibited by atropine
      and scopolamine in dog ileum but not in rabbit one, the contraction may be due to
      an excitation of the cholinergic neuron or an excitation of non-cholinergic
      excitatory neuron, respectively. On the other hand, it is supposed that the
      contraction in guinea-pig ileum is involved to both the neurons because the
      contraction was inhibited partially by scopolamine and not by atropine. In
      conclusion, the ilea isolated from seven animal species showed species
      differences in sensitivity to caerulein in contractile response, and caerulein
      seems induces the contractions involving to different nervous systems in dog,
      rabbit or guinea-pig ileum, respectively.

PMID- 6363782
TI  - [Lymphapheresis--a new immunosuppressive method in renal transplantation].

PMID- 6363783
TI  - [Urinary ferritin in urogenital diseases. 3. Urinary ferritin levels in renal
      impairment].

PMID- 6363784
TI  - [Significance of beta lactamase on polymicrobial urinary tract infection and in
      vitro microbiological studies].

PMID- 6363785
TI  - [Surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension--cases encountered in the past
      23 years].

PMID- 6363786
TI  - [Renal transplantation and anti-B lymphocyte antibodies. II. Relation between
      acute rejection and development of B lymphocyte cytotoxic antibodies following
      transplantation].

PMID- 6363787
TI  - [Enzyme immunoassay for detection of serum prostate antigen and prostatic acid
      phosphatase-binding globulins].

PMID- 6363788
TI  - Reduction of N-nitroso-N-ethylurea-induced neurogenic tumors by X-radiation: a
      life-span study in rats.
AB  - Whole-body X-irradiation after neonatal injection with N-nitroso-N-ethylurea
      (ENU) significantly reduced the incidence of induced neurogenic tumors in inbred
      HMT rats kept for their complete life-span. After administration of 10 mg ENU/kg
      and 1.25 Gy X-radiation, the incidence of schwannomas but not of gliomas was
      reduced as compared to the incidence in rats given 10 mg ENU/kg only. In
      contrast, after administration of 4 mg ENU/kg, 1.25 Gy reduced the incidence of
      gliomas but not of schwannomas. Administration of 1.25 Gy alone induced a
      remarkably high incidence of rats with neurogenic tumors (20%). Latency of tumor
      detection was not significantly affected by radiation. Among the most frequently
      occurring nonneurogenic tumors, squamous cell carcinomas were reduced in
      incidence by treatment with ENU, 1.25 Gy X-radiation, or both combined. No
      treatment affected the incidence of pituitary or mammary tumors. There was a
      preponderance of ovarian tumors in rats given 4 mg ENU/kg + 1.25 Gy. An
      incidental finding was the occurrence of granular cell tumors in 7 rats from
      different treatment groups.

PMID- 6363789
TI  - A case-control study of oral contraceptive use and breast cancer.
AB  - Among 989 cases of breast cancer and 9,890 controls selected from a cohort of
      married, female registered nurses aged 30-55 years, the relative risk (RR) of
      breast cancer for women who had ever used oral contraceptives (OC) compared with
      those who had never used them was 1.0, with 95% confidence limits 0.9-1.2. Among
      OC users, there was no consistent pattern of excess risk with increasing
      duration; in fact, the few women who had used OC longest (greater than 10 yr) had
      a slightly lower risk than never-users. Moreover, there was no association
      between OC use and breast cancer among women with a positive history of breast
      cancer in the mother or sister or with OC use before their first pregnancy. The
      only subgroup of women among whom any adverse effect was apparent was current OC
      users aged 50-55 years (two onsets expected vs. seven observed). This finding is
      consistent with earlier reports of an increased risk of breast cancer among older
      OC users; however, it is also likely to reflect, at least to some extent, the
      play of chance, since at ages 45-49 and in each younger age group fewer cases
      than expected were observed among current OC users.

PMID- 6363790
TI  - Use of job-exposure matrix in an occupational analysis of lung and bladder
      cancers on the basis of death certificates.
AB  - A job-exposure matrix has been applied in a case-control study of lung and
      bladder cancer on the basis of occupational information abstracted from British
      death certificates. The expected association between lung cancer and jobs
      entailing exposure to asbestos was clearly demonstrated (relative risk, 1.5; 95%
      confidence interval, 1.2-1.9). The effects of three other known industrial
      carcinogens were not apparent, and reasons for this were discussed. Also included
      in the matrix were five substances whose carcinogenicity in humans has not been
      established. Formaldehyde, diesel fumes, and cutting oils were all associated
      with carcinoma of the bronchus, but the absence of a risk in "high-exposure"
      occupations was against a causal relationship. Bladder cancer was more common in
      jobs involving high exposure to printing inks (relative risk, 5.0; 95% confidence
      interval, 1.0-25.8) and cutting oils (relative risk, 1.5; 95% confidence
      interval, 0.8-2.8). Use of the job-exposure matrix added considerably to the
      conventional analysis of cancer risk in individual occupational categories.

PMID- 6363791
TI  - Lack of beta 2-microglobulin on the surface of canine transmissible venereal
      tumor cells.
AB  - beta 2-Microglobulin (beta 2m) expression on the cell surface of the naturally
      occurring, allotransplantable canine transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) was
      investigated by use of indirect membrane immunofluorescence and radioimmunoassay.
      Two cell populations were identified in animal-derived, collagenase-disaggregated
      TVT cell suspensions. About 80% of the cells lacked surface beta 2m expression,
      whereas about 20% of the cells strongly reacted with anti-dog beta 2m serum. With
      the use of a cell separation technique, beta 2m-negative cells were demonstrated
      to carry TVT markers on their surface, whereas the beta 2m-positive cells did not
      express the tumor markers. The beta 2m-positive cells seemed, therefore, to be
      tumor-infiltrating host cells. These findings were supported by fluorescence
      staining studies of frozen sections of the TVT. The lack of beta 2m expression on
      the surface of TVT cells might explain the allotransplantability of this
      neoplasm, since beta 2m expression on the cell surface appeared to be obligatory
      for the expression of class I major histocompatibility complex antigens.

PMID- 6363792
TI  - Identification and linkage analyses of a gene, Rcs-1, suppressing spontaneous
      SJL/J lymphoma expression.
AB  - Populations of SJL/J (SJL), A.SW/SnJ (A.SW), F1, and backcross mice were followed
      over 2 years for the spontaneous development of reticulum cell sarcoma (RCS).
      A.SW, F1, and SJL mice demonstrated cumulative RCS incidences of 0, 9, and
      greater than 95%, respectively. The incidence of RCS in SJL X (SJL X A.SW), SJL X
      (A.SW X SJL), and (SJL X A.SW) X SJL backcross mice was 58%, a rate consistent (P
      less than .001) with a single dominant A.SW gene, termed "Rcs-1," suppressing
      disease. Rcs-1 is not an H-2 gene nor is it on the X- or Y-chromosome. Rcs-1
      abrogates tumor initiation relatively early rather than later by affecting tumor
      growth; its effect is not transmitted by (SJL X A.SW)F1 females to their
      offspring by non-Medelian maternal factors. No linkage was detected between Rcs-1
      and the marker genes Igh-1 (chromosome 12), Pgm-1 (chromosome 5), Hbb (chromosome
      7), Idh-1 (chromosome 1), or Gr-1 (chromosome 8). Thus Rcs-1 is different from
      three genes linked to these markers and known to influence murine leukemia virus,
      Fv-4 (chromosome 12), Cv (chromosome 5), and Fgv-1 (chromosome 7).

PMID- 6363793
TI  - Probable clonal development of foreign-body-induced murine sarcomas.
AB  - The number of cells from which tumors induced by subcutaneous implantation of
      foreign bodies develop was studied in BALB/c mice with X-chromosome-inactivation
      mosaicism. Because only one of the two X-chromosomes is active in XX somatic
      cells, a female mouse heterozygous at the X-linked phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK)
      locus for Pgk-1b and Pgk-1a has two types of cells. In one population Pgk-1b is
      active and B-enzyme is produced, whereas in the other population Pgk-1a is active
      and A-type enzyme is synthesized. Normal tissues from these mosaic mice display
      both enzyme types, but a tumor that develops from a single cell exhibits only one
      of the two PGK enzyme types. Of 11 sarcomas induced by Millipore filters, 8
      showed single-enzyme PGK phenotypes in primary tumors and in tissue cultures
      derived from them. The 3 other primary sarcomas showed double-enzyme phenotypes.
      However, transplantation of cultured cells from 2 of these sarcomas resulted in
      tumors with single-enzyme PGK phenotypes. Thus the data provide confirmatory
      evidence for the suggestion that most foreign-body-induced sarcomas develop
      clonally or from a relatively few cells.

PMID- 6363794
TI  - [Macrophage turnover in transplanted tumor tissues].

PMID- 6363795
TI  - [Experimental atypical mycobacterial infection].

PMID- 6363796
TI  - [Mexitil in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmia (personal experiences)].

PMID- 6363797
TI  - Role of dietary factors in the progression of chronic renal disease.

PMID- 6363798
TI  - A controlled study of the effect of indomethacin in uremic pericarditis.
AB  - To determine the impact of indomethacin on the course of uremic pericarditis we
      performed a prospective, double blind study in which 24 patients with endstage
      chronic renal failure and pericarditis randomly received indomethacin, 25 mg four
      times daily, (11 patients) or a placebo (13 patients) for a 3-week period. All
      patients received peritoneal or hemodialysis treatment concurrently with the
      study drug. In contrast to the placebo, indomethacin produced an immediate and
      sustained reduction of fever in all but one patient. On the other hand,
      indomethacin had no effect on the duration of chest pain (mean days +/- SE:
      placebo 1.4 +/- 0.6, indomethacin 5.5 +/- 3.3), duration of pericardial friction
      rub (placebo 10.3 +/- 1.7, indomethacin 16.0 +/- 3.8), or on the amount of
      pericardial effusion. Further, indomethacin did not diminish the need for
      invasive surgical procedures for relief of tamponade (three of 13 placebo
      patients, two of 11 indomethacin patients) or result in decreased mortality rate.
      Death (not due to pericarditis) occurred in two patients treated with
      indomethacin and one patient who received the placebo. In our patients
      pericarditis encompassed a wide spectrum ranging from a mild illness of several
      days duration to a painful and debilitating disease lasting weeks and requiring
      surgical intervention. Although the size of our population prohibits definitive
      conclusions, it would appear that, except for fever, the manifestations and
      natural history of this illness are unaffected by indomethacin.

PMID- 6363799
TI  - Survival of endstage renal disease patients: age-adjusted differences in
      treatment outcomes.

PMID- 6363800
TI  - Uremic bleeding.

PMID- 6363801
TI  - [A precision technic of removing pathological structures from the lungs].

PMID- 6363802
TI  - [Tumor-simulating foreign body].

PMID- 6363803
TI  - [Thrombosis in patients with malignant neoplasms (review of the literature)].

PMID- 6363804
TI  - [Restoration of intestinal continuity in cancer of the colon].

PMID- 6363805
TI  - [Clinico-anatomical substantiation of abdominal-perineal proctectomy in distal
      cancer of the rectum].

PMID- 6363806
TI  - [HLA and tissue transplantation. 1. The immunologic problems of allografting
      preserved cadaver bone].

PMID- 6363807
TI  - [Use of Magdeburg sutures in the treatment of senile entropion].

PMID- 6363808
TI  - [History of cataract extraction. 2. From the Middle Ages to the 18th century].

PMID- 6363809
TI  - [Prokhor Charukovskii and his "Opyt sistemy prakticheskoi meditsiny" (on the
      150th anniversary of the publication of the 1st part of the book)].

PMID- 6363810
TI  - [1st clinical kidney transplant (on the 50th anniversary of the operation by the
      Soviet surgeon Iu. Iu. Voronoi)].

PMID- 6363811
TI  - [Mechanism of absorption and acetylation of sulfanilamides in the body].

PMID- 6363812
TI  - Treponema paraluis-cuniculi infection in a commercial rabbitry: epidemiology and
      serodiagnosis.
AB  - The epidemiology of Treponema paraluis-cuniculi infection in a commercial rabbit
      breeding facility was described using several serologic tests. The Venereal
      Disease Research Laboratory, rapid plasma reagin, microhemagglutination and
      fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption tests were used to detect antibodies
      to T paraluis-cuniculi. Young adult New Zealand white rabbits, tested prior to
      entry into the breeding program, were nearly always free of T paraluis-cuniculi
      infection. In adult females, the prevalence of T paraluis-cuniculi infection
      increased with parity; females para 6 or greater were usually seropositive. Most
      adult males seroconverted within 6 months of entering the breeding program; all
      males were seropositive after 12 months in the breeding program. This suggested
      that T paraluis-cuniculi spreads mainly by horizontal transmission during
      breeding in adult rabbits. Of the two nontreponemal antigen tests used, the
      Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test was more sensitive, whereas the rapid
      plasma reagin test was more specific in detecting T paraluis-cuniculi infection;
      the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test was used as the confirmatory
      treponemal antigen test. However, neither nontreponemal antigen test was
      completely satisfactory. On the other hand, the sensitivity and specificity of
      the microhemagglutination test compared favorably with the fluorescent treponemal
      antibody-absorption test. Since the microhemagglutination test combines desirable
      features of both a screening and verification procedure, it should be the test of
      choice for detection of T paraluis-cuniculi infection.

PMID- 6363813
TI  - Reflections on Colonel James Earle Ash on the occasion of his 100th birthday
      September 8, 1984.

PMID- 6363814
TI  - Monoclonal antibody to type IV collagen with selective basement membrane
      localization.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody (MCA IV-1) has been developed to a determinant of the high
      molecular weight fractions of human placental collagen, present also in bovine
      lens capsule and glomerular basement membrane type IV collagens. This unique
      determinant is pepsin and collagenase resistant and is apparently distinct from
      the alpha 1(IV) and alpha 2(IV) helical peptides. As part of the high molecular
      weight molecules, the determinant is located in a region additively deformable by
      reduction and sodium dodecyl sulfate denaturation. However, when a 20-kilodalton,
      largely collageneous, fragment containing this determinant is separated from the
      larger fraction by 37 degrees C collagenase treatment, the determinant is
      insensitive to reduction or sodium dodecyl sulfate denaturation. Immunohistologic
      analysis and comparison with a polyclonal antibody to type IV collagen shows a
      marked selectivity of localization in the glomerular basement membrane. MCA IV-1
      reacts in the inner aspect of the glomerular basement membrane but primarily in
      the mesangium, where it selectively expands in diabetic nephropathy. Tissue
      selectivity is also evident in lens and corneal basement membrane.

PMID- 6363815
TI  - Biology of disease. Alcoholism and aldehydism: new biomedical concepts.
AB  - New results of biomedical research in alcoholism show great interindividual, as
      well as racial, variability with respect to metabolism of alcohol and its first
      oxidation product, acetaldehyde. Genetic factors play an important part. The
      enzymes of alcohol and aldehyde metabolism exhibit a genetically determined
      heterogeneity (isoenzymes and enzyme polymorphisms). This leads to a large
      variety of individually different enzyme phenotypes. Thus, the hypothesis is put
      forward that the individual and racial differences in alcohol metabolism are
      based on the genetically determined variability of the participating enzymes,
      alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. Alcohol metabolism and alcohol
      induced disturbances of the intermediary metabolism are closely interrelated.
      Hence, genetic codetermination can also be expected in this regard. As a toxic
      intermediate of alcohol metabolism, acetaldehyde plays a central role. Three
      positive ranges of acetaldehyde levels can be defined: (a) the normal range, (b)
      the "acute aldehyde syndrome" with extremely high levels of acetaldehyde, (c)
      "chronic aldehydism" with slightly elevated acetaldehyde levels. In Orientals
      lacking the mitochondrial low Km aldehyde dehydrogenase, acetaldehyde accumulates
      and produces symptoms of intoxication. This acute aldehyde syndrome is highly
      aversive and, thus, prevents these individuals from drinking. The effect is
      similar to the consequences of the inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase with
      disulfiram, a commonly employed drug in the treatment of alcoholics. In
      alcoholics slightly elevated levels of blood acetaldehyde are observed. There are
      indications that this chronic aldehydism is not only the consequence of excessive
      drinking but may reflect a preexisting enzyme pattern that is genetically
      determined. Therefore, slightly elevated acetaldehyde concentrations could serve
      as a biologic marker for high risk drinking. Alcohol dehydrogenase is found in
      many organs and often in specialized cells within a particular tissue. A specific
      enzyme pattern in these cells could lead to elevated acetaldehyde concentrations,
      consequently inducing acetaldehyde-related damage. Such organs could represent
      direct targets even at low blood acetaldehyde levels.

PMID- 6363816
TI  - Deposition of eosinophil granule major basic protein onto microfilariae of
      Onchocerca volvulus in the skin of patients treated with diethylcarbamazine.
AB  - We investigated the association between eosinophil degranulation, as evidenced by
      the deposition of granule major basic protein (MBP), and the killing of
      microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus in vivo following treatment with
      diethylcarbamazine (DEC). Utilizing an immunofluorescence procedure for the
      cellular and extracellular localization of eosinophil MBP in formalin-fixed,
      paraffin-embedded tissues, we studied skin biopsies from onchocerciasis patients
      before and during treatment with topically or orally administered DEC. Before
      DEC, there was little or no inflammatory response in either dermis or epidermis
      and microfilariae were essentially intact. Immunofluorescent staining for MBP
      revealed some filamentous fluorescence associated with dermal collagen fibers,
      very few eosinophils, and no fluorescence in association with intact
      microfilariae. In contrast, during treatment with DEC, immunofluorescent staining
      for MBP revealed extensive eosinophil infiltrates in both dermis and epidermis
      with numerous intraepidermal eosinophil abscesses containing degenerating
      microfilariae. An intense extracellular immunofluorescence for MBP surrounded
      degenerating microfilariae in the dermis and epidermis in both the presence and
      absence of eosinophil infiltrates as early as 4.5 hours after starting therapy.
      Many intact nondegenerating microfilariae were also present, but they did not
      show immunofluorescent staining for MBP nor a surrounding inflammatory
      infiltrate. The results show that immediately following administration of DEC,
      eosinophils localize and degranulate around microfilariae in the skin and release
      granule MBP onto or in close proximity to the parasite's surface. Because of the
      striking association between eosinophil localization, degranulation, and
      deposition of MBP onto microfilarial surfaces, and the degeneration of
      microfilariae in the skin, these observations support the hypothesis that the
      eosinophil, through helminthotoxic granule proteins such as MBP, damages the
      microfilariae of O. volvulus.

PMID- 6363817
TI  - Urinary and renal kallikrein in hypertensive fawn-hooded (FH/Wjd) rats.
AB  - Urinary excretion of kallikrein (UKal), sodium, potassium, protein, and
      creatinine, as well as the kidney content of kallikrein and renin, was studied in
      spontaneously hypertensive FH/Wjd (FH) male and female rats and in age- and sex
      matched normal Wistar rats. With the exception of 1-month-old rats UKal excretion
      was significantly lower in FH rats than in Wistar rats. FH females also excreted
      less UKal than Wistar females. No UKal inhibitor or increased degradation of this
      enzyme in the urine of FH rats was detected. There was no difference in
      creatinine clearance, blood urea nitrogen, or serum electrolytes, and calcium
      between 5-month-old FH and Wistar males. Wistar rat kidneys contained about twice
      as much kallikrein as FH rat kidneys. From the age of 2 months FH males excreted
      more sodium, as well as urine, than all other groups. No differences in potassium
      excretion were observed. Only FH males, 4 months and older, developed
      proteinuria. FH males and females became hypertensive at the ages of 2 and 4.5
      months, respectively. Plasma renin activity, as well as renal renin activity, was
      significantly lower in FH than in Wistar males. In conclusion, the decrease in
      UKal activity which precedes the onset of hypertension suggests that the
      abnormality in the renal kallikrein system may be involved in the pathogenesis of
      hypertension in FH rats.

PMID- 6363818
TI  - Immunoreactivity of N-terminal fragment of gastrin-releasing peptide as
      histochemical marker for pancreatobiliary duct-type cells.
AB  - Immunoreactivity of the N-terminal fragment of porcine gastrin-releasing peptide
      (GRP) was found, using the indirect immunoperoxidase technique, to be a good
      histochemical marker for the following normal human pancreatobiliary duct-type
      cells: epithelial cells of the intra- and extra-hepatic bile ducts, gallbladder,
      papilla vateri and intra- and extralobular pancreatic ducts, centroacinar cells
      of the pancreas, and accessory gland cells of the large pancreatobiliary duct
      system. These cells were stained with antiserum R-6902 which recognizes both the
      N- and C-terminal portions of porcine GRP; antiserum R-6903 with a specificity to
      the C-terminal fragment of porcine GRP failed to stain the cells. Duct-type cells
      in other human adult organs were almost negative with both antisera. The N
      terminal fragment of the GRP of monkey and pig pancreatobiliary duct cells also
      showed immunoreactivity, whereas those of dog, pika, rat, chicken, frog, and
      trout did not. Immunoabsorption experiments confirmed that the immunoreactivity
      of human pancreatobiliary duct-type cells belonged to the N-terminal portion of
      porcine GRP. Under electron microscopy, the antigen was shown to be localized
      diffusely in the cytosol and partially in the nucleoplasm of the duct-type cells
      that contained no endocrine granules. Immunostaining with R-6902 serum was found
      to be useful in identifying duct-type cells in inflamed and/or fibrosing
      pancreatobiliary tissues. Most cells of a benign pancreatic duct tumor
      (microcystic adenoma) were positive with R-6902 serum. Mucosal cells of the fetal
      gastric antrum and intestine and some cancer cells of the stomach and colon also
      stained with R-6902 serum; adenocarcinoma cells and hyperplastic duct cells of
      the pancreatobiliary tree frequently showed less stainability. The significance
      of the specific detection of neuropeptide immunoreactivity on non-neuroendocrine
      duct-type cells is discussed.

PMID- 6363819
TI  - Application of flow cytometry to diagnostic pathology.

PMID- 6363820
TI  - Quantitation of barbiturates by a modification of the EMIT-tox serum barbiturate
      assay.
AB  - A modification of the Syva EMIT-tox Serum Barbiturate Assay was developed to
      provide a rapid and practical method for quantitating serum barbiturates.
      Standard curves for eight selected barbiturates were run using specific sets of
      standards for each. Correlation coefficients, slopes, and y-intercepts for the
      curves of best fit were determined by the least-squares method. Between-run and
      within-run precision analysis indicated acceptable reproducibility for
      barbiturate concentrations in high therapeutic to toxic serum levels. A case
      report describing the use of this method for the determination of serum
      pentobarbital concentrations during therapy for intracranial hypertension is
      presented. The modified EMIT assay may be useful for monitoring barbiturate blood
      levels in overdose, and when used for therapy of ischemic brain damage.

PMID- 6363821
TI  - The effect of warm ischemia and cold-storage preservation on rat pancreas
      transplantation.
AB  - Pancreatic isografts subjected to preharvest warm ischemia as well as cold
      storage preservation in Collins' solution were studied after transplantation into
      diabetic rats to determine whether warm ischemia will limit the ability to
      preserve pancreas grafts for transplantation. Warm ischemic periods of up to 2 hr
      did not alter islet function as measured by daily glucose levels and response to
      intravenous glucose challenge. Likewise, hypothermic preservation of nonischemic
      pancreata was also well tolerated for up to 24 hr. However, the combination of
      preharvest warm ischemia and cold storage was deleterious. Whereas 60 min of warm
      injury coupled with 12 hr of cold storage resulted in successful transplantation
      in 86% of recipients, lengthening the duration of either warm or cold ischemia
      uniformly resulted in nonfunctioning grafts. Thus while islet function in the
      transplanted pancreas is very tolerant of warm ischemia alone, these studies
      suggest that it should be kept to a minimum if cold storage preservation is to be
      used.

PMID- 6363822
TI  - Serum total bile acids monitoring after experimental orthotopic liver
      transplantation.
AB  - The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of serum total bile acids
      estimation in monitoring liver allograft recipients. To this end frequent blood
      samples and simultaneous needle biopsies of the liver were taken after orthotopic
      liver transplantation in unimmunosuppressed pigs. Serum bile acids were found to
      rapidly increase during the anhepatic phase of the transplantation procedure and
      to decrease after implantation of the liver graft. A normal serum bile acids
      level in the early postoperative phase was indicative of a technically successful
      transplantation procedure. A total of 28 successful transplantations was
      performed. Six recipients accepted the allograft without any histological sign of
      rejection. In 18 pigs the liver was rejected, the survival time of these animals
      ranged from 6 to 80 days. Four animals showed a transient rejection episode
      during the first months after transplantation. In nonrejecting animals serum bile
      acids remained undisturbed during the entire 4-month study period. In all cases
      of rejection serum bile acids promptly increased to very high levels of 100 to
      700 mumol/liter (reference range 1 to 14 mumol/liter). Serum bile acids were
      found to be superior to standard liver function tests in detecting the process of
      liver rejection at an earlier stage. These results indicate that serum total bile
      acid estimation is a simple and useful test to monitor liver allograft
      recipients.

PMID- 6363823
TI  - Intraspinal epidermoid cyst.
AB  - An intraspinal epidermoid cyst occurring in the lumbo-sacral region of a 38-year
      old man with congenital spina bifida occulta is described. Relevant literature on
      the subject is reviewed.

PMID- 6363824
TI  - Murray Marcus Copeland, MD.

PMID- 6363825
TI  - Mesenchymoma of the retrorectal space: a case report and review of literature.
AB  - Although sarcoma occurring in the true retroperitoneum is not uncommon, sarcoma
      in the retrorectal space is unique. We report a patient with a malignant
      mesenchymoma, a rare soft tissue tumor, in the retrorectal space. Complete
      resection was accomplished through a combined Kraske's posterior and midline
      anterior approach. The rectum had not been invaded by the mass. Survival of
      patients with malignant mesenchymoma does not exceed 50% in most reports, and the
      role of adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation has yet to be defined. Its attendant
      morbidity must be weighed against an uncertain prognosis.

PMID- 6363826
TI  - Flat, whole-mount nerve preparations: a useful tool for studying the process of
      regenerating axon outgrowth.
AB  - A method, which is based on the use of flat, whole-mount nerve preparations, has
      been developed for studying the process of regenerating axon outgrowth, employing
      the rat sciatic nerve as a model. At various intervals after a nerve crush,
      animals are perfused with aldehyde fixatives, the nerve dissected out, and its
      epineurium removed. Next the nerve is flattened between two glass slides, removed
      and reacted (floating), then whole-mounted on a micro slide and cover-slipped.
      Regenerating axons have been labeled by means of the horseradish peroxidase
      tracing technique, a histochemical technique for acetylcholinesterase, or an
      indirect immunocytochemical technique utilizing antibodies against tubulin. With
      all these techniques, individual outgrowing axons and their bundles can be
      clearly visualized. Regenerating axons labeled by horseradish peroxidase are
      readily traced along their entire undulating courses from the distal margin of
      the crush zone to axonal tips, which mark the leading edge of several waves of
      outgrowing axons. It appears that such flat, whole-amount nerve preparations can
      be useful for obtaining: (1) accurate estimates of the rate of regenerating axon
      elongation, (2) values characterizing the duration of the initial delay of axonal
      outgrowth, and (3) information concerning the nature of axonal subpopulations
      that elongate at different rates.

PMID- 6363827
TI  - Combined immunocytochemistry and autoradiographic retrograde axonal tracing for
      identification of transmitters of projection neurons.
AB  - A double labeling method is described which combines immunocytochemistry for
      identification of the neurotransmitter serotonin with autoradiographic retrograde
      axonal tracing using wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), N-[acetyl-3H]. The permanence,
      sensitivity, and distinctness of the two labels provide a valuable means for
      analyzing transmitter-identified projection neurons in the central nervous
      system. Combined immunohistochemical/autoradiographic preparations, following
      injections of WGA, N-[acetyl-3H] in the caudate-putamen of mice, revealed large
      numbers of serotonergic and fewer non-serotonergic raphe-striatal projection
      neurons.

PMID- 6363828
TI  - Demonstration of a unique population of neurons with NADPH-diaphorase
      histochemistry.
AB  - A simple enzyme histochemical technique is described that detects various
      distinct populations of neurons in the brain. These neurons contain an extremely
      high activity of an endogenous enzyme, NADPH-diaphorase, that can reduce the dye
      nitro blue tetrazolium to a bright blue reaction product. Some of the major
      groups of neurons detected by this technique occur scattered throughout the
      neocortex, in the striatum and in the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus. The soma,
      dendritic trees and fiber networks of the positive neurons are stained in their
      entirety. Thus this simple, reliable technique can be used to obtain a Golgi-like
      image of particular groups of neurons in various regions of the brain.

PMID- 6363829
TI  - [Dr. Eva Haljecka (18??-1947), the first female obstetrician-gynecologist in the
      Yugoslav countries].
AB  - The author presents data on the first women obstetricians and gynecologists in
      the Yugoslav countries. Their work started in Belgrade in the last decade of the
      19th century (Dr Eva Haljecka in 1892 and Dr Ljubica Godevac-Duric in 1896). The
      life, work, and other biographical data concerning Dr E. Haljecka (1869-1947) are
      given in more detail. She was the first woman obstetrician-gynecologist not only
      in Belgrade, Nis and the whole of Serbia but also in all Yugoslav countries. In
      1920 she became the first head of the Gynecologico-Obstetric Department of the
      Nis Hospital, where she had worked since 1910. Before the First World War Dr E.
      Haljecka distinguished herself as a prominent fighter for the social and other
      rights and equality of women physicians in the then Kingdom of Serbia.

PMID- 6363830
TI  - Direct blood-pressure measurements: risks, technological evolution and some
      current problems.

PMID- 6363831
TI  - [The solitary pulmonary nodule].

PMID- 6363832
TI  - [Value of measuring central renin for the etiologic study of hypertension with
      unilateral nephro-uropathy].

PMID- 6363833
TI  - [Bacteremic Escherichia coli pneumonia: an unusual condition].

PMID- 6363834
TI  - [Platelet immunoglobulins in immune thrombopenic purpura].

PMID- 6363835
TI  - Monocylic beta-lactam antibiotics.

PMID- 6363836
TI  - Current trends in new drug research in the People's Republic of China.

PMID- 6363837
TI  - Statistical procedures in clinical pharmacology: decision-theorectic foundations.
AB  - The function of statistical analysis is to reach optimal decisions in situations
      of principal uncertainty. The foundations of statistical procedures are
      experiments X, whose distributions PX are characterised by random samples. Within
      given classes of distributions (distribution hypothesis) mathematical statistics
      make optimal procedures available, which allow conclusions on the real properties
      of PX. The use of optimal procedures minimises the risk of incorrect decisions
      made on the basis of random samples (principle of greatest chance). Statistics,
      however, refrain from any statement on the quality of the decision to which a
      procedure in a certain situation leads. Against a decision-theoretic background
      of statistical decisions the growing complexity of clinical-pharmacological test
      models leads to the necessity of using descriptive-statistical methods on an even
      larger scale. The aim should be to reduce the number of individual parameters to
      a few important factors, so that the relation between the number of trial
      subjects on the one hand and the number of parameters on the other remains valid
      for meaningful statistical statements.

PMID- 6363838
TI  - Monitoring of drug concentrations in saliva: a non-invasive pharmacokinetic
      procedure.

PMID- 6363839
TI  - Short-lived radioisotope techniques: a new potential tool for non-invasive
      clinical pharmacology.

PMID- 6363840
TI  - [Respiratory gymnastics do not help in lung inflammation].

PMID- 6363841
TI  - [The man behind the syndrome: Harald Hirshsprung. A pioneer in pediatric research
      - a popular clinician but less valued lecturer].

PMID- 6363842
TI  - [Notable days and notable men in the Swedish Medical Society].

PMID- 6363844
TI  - [Recent advances in the field of impotence. I. Mixed (psychological and organic)
      and arterial impotence].

PMID- 6363843
TI  - [Preoperative intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography in aortoiliac
      vascular occlusion].
AB  - Sixteen patients with advanced aorto-iliac occlusive disease were examined with
      digital subtraction angiography (DSA) using intraarterial injection of contrast
      medium. The preoperative evaluation of the vessels distal to the occlusion and
      the visualization of the femoral and popliteal arteries were successfully
      performed with intraarterial DSA. As compared to conventional angiography the
      marked contrast enhancement of DSA is demonstrated. Less spatial resolution of
      DSA lacks importance as the herein discussed topic is concerned. The limited size
      (23 cm) of the image intensifier of the X-ray equipment used was a major drawback
      of the method. Using intravenous DSA aorto-iliac occlusion can be shown. In
      patients with long range vascular occlusion and sparse development of collaterals
      only intraarterial DSA can demonstrate the run-off vessels including the
      trifurcation of the popliteal artery.

PMID- 6363845
TI  - [Multicenter clinical study of Bi-Profenid in rheumatologic practice].

PMID- 6363846
TI  - Polytomographic evaluation of the clivus and petrous apices: a new view.
AB  - The base of the skull lesions that arise anterior to the porus acusticus, clivus,
      or from the jugular carotid or hypoglossal canals present difficult surgical
      access. Plain films, arteriograms, and the conventional AP, lateral, and full
      base tomograms have often fallen short in allowing an easy understanding of the
      surgical relationships between these structures. The objectives of this thesis
      are 1. to present a previously unpublished tomographic view based on the surgical
      relationships, as encountered by the surgeon, that complement the traditional
      views and simplify the preoperative assessment of the lesion, 2. to review the
      literature on the subject, and 3. to present the author's experience with this
      view in use since 1976.

PMID- 6363847
TI  - Bioactive glass-ceramics in ear surgery: animal studies and clinical results.
AB  - In the search for better materials for middle ear reconstruction, ceramics have
      been suggested as an alternative. The bioactive glass-ceramic Ceravital was made
      available to us for animal experiments and clinical trials. To test its
      suitability in ear surgery, 101 ear operations were carried out in 53 rabbits
      including the reconstruction of 78 posterior auditory canal walls and the
      insertion of 174 middle ear implants. Parameters studied include the effects of
      bone pate in inducing new bone growth, the chronological course of bone
      apposition and remodeling, microscopic examination of mucous membrane growth on
      the implants and degree of lysis of the implant. In the past two and one half
      years some 250 ossicular prostheses have been implanted in man for reconstruction
      of the ossicular chain. A statistical analysis of 119 tympanoplasties after a
      follow-up of one and one half years shows no perforations of the tympanic
      membrane over the implants or rejection of the prosthesis from the middle ear.
      The audiological results achieved were more favorable with the use of ossicular
      prostheses made of bioactive glass-ceramic than those using allogenic ossicular
      grafts. On the basis of the histologic findings and observed clinical results,
      the bioactive material Ceravital is remarkably well suited for reconstruction of
      the posterior auditory canal wall and for implantation in direct contact with the
      tympanic membrane.

PMID- 6363848
TI  - [Radiologic characteristics of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the small
      intestine].

PMID- 6363849
TI  - [Sebaceous glands--target organs for androgen hormones].

PMID- 6363850
TI  - No evidence for enkephalinase A on neuronal cells.
AB  - It is generally assumed that enkephalinase A, a highly thiorphan-sensitive
      dipeptidylcarboxypeptidase cleaving the Gly-Phe bond during enkephalin
      degradation, is bound to the neuronal membrane. To clarify the localization of
      the enzyme, we used three neuron-like models (neuroblastoma cells N1E-115, bulk
      prepared neurons and neurons in primary culture) and three glial models
      (astrocytes from rat brain and from chick embryo brain in primary culture and
      bulk prepared glial cells). After incubating membranes and cells with (Leu5)
      enkephalin, we found that, contrary to the present opinion, the enkephalinase A
      is located on the glial cells, whereas the neuronal cells possess angiotensin
      converting enzyme.

PMID- 6363851
TI  - Inhibitors of calf-brain enkephalinase A and B.
AB  - Enkephalinase A and B isolated from calf-brain striatum have comparable substrate
      specificity (Km for Leu-enkephalin = 1-3.10(-5) microM) but a quite different
      affinity for certain inhibitors: phosphate, Secobarbital and Thiorphan are
      effective inhibitors for Enkephalinase A (IC50 of 2.5 mM, 30 microM and 4 nM
      respectively), while Enkephalinase B does not react with any of these compounds.
      Both enzymes are inhibited by 1 mM EDTA and o-phenanthroline indicating the
      presence of a metal atom in or near their active sites. Although with different
      abilities, both enzymes recognize dipeptides having at least one hydrophobic
      amino-acid side chain. The potency of such dipeptides can be used for a
      description of the active site.

PMID- 6363852
TI  - Studies on the enzymatic degradation of beta-casomorphins.
AB  - beta-Casomorphins (beta-CMs), although known to be highly resistant to
      proteolytic enzymes, are demonstrated to be rapidly degraded in bovine or rat
      plasma. Degradation of these peptides consisting of the amino acid sequence TYR
      PRO-PHE-PRO-GLY-PRO-ILE and C-terminally shortened fragments thereof, may be due
      to an enzyme identical with or similar to the dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DP IV)
      which is known to cleave dipeptide fragments from the N-terminus of peptides
      after proline residues. This assumption is compatible with the finding that beta
      casomorphin (beta-CM) analogues in which the proline residue in position two has
      been replaced by D-alanine, seem to be completely resistant to enzymatic attack
      in the plasma.

PMID- 6363853
TI  - Depressive effects of morphine and of an enkephalinase inhibitor on responses of
      ventro-basal thalamic neurones to noxious stimuli.
AB  - It has been shown that the responses of VB thalamic neurones to noxious
      mechanical and thermal stimuli are strongly depressed by low doses of Morphine
      (0,03; 0,1; 1 mg/kg i.v.) and to a lesser extent by ES 52 (a highly potent
      Thiorphan derivative) injected at higher doses (5; 10 mg/kg i.v). This last
      effect was less easily reversed by Naloxone than was the depressive effect of
      Morphine. Moreover, ES 52 can facilitate activity of some thalamic neurones
      induced by non-noxious mechanical stimuli.

PMID- 6363854
TI  - Participation of pontine structures in the respiratory action of opioids.
AB  - The respiratory action of morphine, D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin, and D-Ala2-Me-Phe4
      Met(O)ol5-enkephalin, restrictively applied to the dorso-rostral surface of the
      pons, was studied in anesthetized cats. Frequency was selectively and dose
      dependently depressed, down to apnea, whereas tidal volume and its response to
      CO2 either remained unchanged or were increased. Similar effects were observed in
      vagotomized and decerebrate cats. From these and previous (1) results, it can be
      concluded that the medullary and pontine structures related to respiration are
      differentially affected by opioids. Pontine nuclei are more sensitive to opioid
      depression and account for changes in frequency, whereas medullary depression
      results in reduction of tidal volume and CO2 sensitivity.

PMID- 6363855
TI  - The effects of D-ala2, D-Leu5-enkephalin injections into the nucleus accumbens on
      the motility of rats.
AB  - Previous studies suggested that the nucleus accumbens (ACB) is relevant for
      mediating morphine-induced akinesia and catalepsy. In the present study, the
      effects of unilateral injections of D-ala2, D-leu5-enkephalin (DADL) into the ACB
      were evaluated. Compared with saline-injected controls, 0.1 and 0.4 nmoles of
      DADL did not produce any alteration in locomotor activity. One nmol produced a
      locomotor stimulation, the maximum of which occurred with a delay of about 45
      min. In contrast, 4 and 13 nmoles of DADL immediately produced an akinesia,
      followed by a locomotor stimulation, which was more pronounced after 13 than
      after 4 nmoles and showed a plateau between 45 and 75 min. Co-administration of
      naloxone (13 nmoles) did not prevent the initial akinesia, produced by 13 nmoles
      of DADL, but partly antagonized locomotor stimulation and catalepsy. The results
      showed that unilateral injections of DADL into the ACB produced a depression of
      locomotor activity, followed by a stimulation. Both effects showed differences in
      the dose-dependence. The locomotor stimulation is probably not due to a counter
      regulation against the locomotor depression. Studies of Anden and Johnels (1) and
      of Jones et al (2) suggested that the locomotor activity of rats is critically
      dependent on the dopaminergic neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens (ACB).
      In this area, a remarkable density of opioid receptors has been found (3), in
      particular of binding sites of 125J-labelled DADL, a ligand, which is a
      relatively selective marker of opioid receptors of the delta type (4), with a
      smaller amount of mu-specific binding sites (5). Costall et al. (6) found that
      bilateral injections of morphine into the ACB produced a catalepsy. In another
      study, it was found that even unilateral injections of morphine into this area
      could produce catalepsy and akinesia (7), an effect, which was antagonized by
      systemic administration of naloxone. It seemed of interest to study the effect of
      D-ala2, D-leu5-enkephalin (DADL), when injected into the ACB, on locomotor
      activity.

PMID- 6363857
TI  - Characterization of opioid peptides in guinea-pig heart and skin.
AB  - Using reverse phase HPLC separations, and assay of eluate fractions in the mouse
      vas deferens, extracts of heart and skin from guinea-pigs were shown to contain
      several species of opioid-active material in low amounts (3-20 pmol/g as
      [Met5]enkephalin). Immunohistochemical studies revealed in the heart a small
      number of enkephalin-immunoreactive nerve fibres, particularly in cardiac ganglia
      and some small cells (paraganglionic cells, APUD cells). In the skin, enkephalin
      immunoreactivity was confined to Merkel cells. Cardiac and cutaneous opioid
      peptides may modulate peripheral cardiovascular and sensory functions.

PMID- 6363856
TI  - Changes of the Met-enkephalin-like peptide content induced by noxious stimuli in
      the rat incisor pulp.
AB  - It was examined what mechanism involved in an increase of met-enkephalin (met-EK)
      like peptide content in the pulp induced by noxious stimuli. The increased
      content of the peptides by cavity formation as noxious stimulation was not
      influenced by cycloheximide, but attenuated by FOY-305 [N,N-dimethyl carbamoyl
      methyl 4-(4-guanidinobenzoyloxy) phenyl acetate methanesulfonate], a trypsin-like
      enzyme inhibitor, and enhanced by captopril, and attenuated by infusion of saline
      in the pulp cavity. From these results, it was suggested that noxious stimuli on
      the pulp led to activation of trypsin-like enzymes followed by an increased
      content of met-EK-like peptides, and thereafter, the peptides, such as met-EK,
      might be degraded by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Furthermore, an
      immunohistochemical study demonstrated that met-EK-like immunoreactivity (met-EK
      IR) of cells in the rat incisor pulp was clearly increased following tryptic
      digestion of the pulp section, supporting a suggestion mentioned above.

PMID- 6363858
TI  - Stress-induced anorexia: implications for anorexia nervosa.
AB  - Recent studies have suggested that stress may be a precipitating factor in the
      etiology of anorexia nervosa. The present paper examines the possible mechanisms
      involved in stress-induced anorexia and suggests how stress-induced changes in
      opiate systems, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and serotonergic systems
      may provide an explanation of many of the physiological and behavioral responses
      observed in anorexia nervosa. The present paper suggests that certain
      psychosocial and endocrinological factors may interact to provide the setting
      conditions for the syndrome. Finally, it is suggested that a dual therapeutic
      approach is required in that the syndrome needs to be treated both
      physiologically and psychologically to prevent relapse.

PMID- 6363859
TI  - The role of old age in the effects of glucose on insulin secretion,
      pentosephosphate shunt activity, pyridine nucleotides and glutathione of rat
      pancreatic islets.
AB  - In pancreatic islets of adult (three month) and old (24 month) rats the effect of
      glucose on glucose oxidation, pyridine nucleotides, glutathione and insulin
      secretion was studied. DNA content was similar in both groups of animals;
      however, islets of old rats exhibited 30% less insulin content. While glucose
      induced (16.7 mM) insulin secretion in islets of old rats was approximately 50%
      less than in islets of adults, no significant difference was observed in the
      insulin releasing effect of theophylline (1 mM). Although islet production of
      14CO2 in the presence of 16.7 mM glucose increased equally in both groups,
      elevation of glucose failed to increase the percentage of total glucose oxidation
      via the pentose phosphate shunt in islets of old rats. Elevation of glucose
      increased the NADPH/NADP and the NADH/NAD ratio in both groups of islets in a
      similar manner. The effect of glucose on the GSH/GSSG ratio revealed a dose
      related increase in the islets of adult rats, whereas islets of old rats did not
      respond to elevation of glucose. Our data seem to indicate that the lower
      secretory response of islets of old rats is related to the failure of glucose to
      increase the GSH/GSSG ratio. In contrast the insulin release induced by
      theophylline does not appear to depend on islet thiols.

PMID- 6363860
TI  - Neuron specific enolase: a marker for the early development of nerves and
      endocrine cells in the human lung.
AB  - Neuron specific enolase (NSE), an isoenzyme of the glycolytic enzyme enolase, has
      been established by immunocytochemical means as a marker of morphological and
      functional maturation in central neurons and appears late in development.
      However, little is known about the presence of NSE in developing peripheral
      neurons and endocrine cells and its relationship to the development of classical
      neurotransmitters and peptides. We therefore investigated the appearance of NSE
      immunoreactivity in nerves and mucosal endocrine cells of the human respiratory
      tract in foetal, neonatal and adult life. NSE was found to be present in
      neuroblasts, nerve fibres and endocrine cells from the earliest period of
      gestation examined (8 weeks), before the appearance of acetylcholinesterase
      activity (10-12 weeks), dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (20 weeks), vasoactive
      intestinal polypeptide (20 weeks) or calcitonin (20 weeks). Bombesin-like
      immunoreactivity was found in a small proportion of mucosal endocrine cells as
      early as eight weeks in the foetal respiratory tract. These findings indicate
      that unlike central neurons and their processes, peripheral neurons of the lung
      contain NSE immunoreactivity well before full maturation and establishment of
      synaptic contact with end organs.

PMID- 6363861
TI  - Dopaminergic 3H-agonist receptors in rat brain. New evidence on localization and
      pharmacology.
AB  - Recent methodological advances have allowed the reliable assay of specific
      dopaminergic 3H-agonist binding sites in rat striatum. Successful assay depends
      on preincubation of tissue homogenates at 37 degrees C; this results in a guanyl
      nucleotide-sensitive and dopamine (DA)-dependent increase in the density (Bmax)
      of 3H-agonist binding. Lesions of DA terminals or drugs which deplete DA levels
      prevent the preincubation-induced increase in binding, and this effect is
      completely reversible by preincubation with added DA. In contrast, kainic acid
      lesions irreversibly reduce 3H-agonist binding. It is concluded that the evidence
      supporting the existence of presynaptic "D-3" sites is artefactual and that 3H-DA
      binding sites are more likely related to post-synaptic receptors. 3H-DA binding
      involves two sites, one of which has pharmacologic properties similar to D-1
      receptors, whereas the other resembles D-2 receptors. The affinity of 15
      antipsychotic drugs for 3H-haloperidol binding sites was highly correlated (R =
      0.94) with their inhibitory potency at a subset of 3H-DA binding sites. However,
      the inhibition of 3H-DA binding by antipsychotic drugs was noncompetitive. These
      findings can be explained by an allosteric model, whereby antagonists bind to a
      site different from but allosterically linked to a high-affinity 3H-DA binding
      site.

PMID- 6363862
TI  - Inhibition of growth hormone and prolactin secretion by a serine proteinase
      inhibitor.
AB  - The action of the tripeptide aldehyde t-butyloxycarbonyl-DPhe-Pro-Arg-H (boc-fPR
      H), belonging to a family of serine proteinase inhibitors, on the release of
      immunoreactive prolactin (iPRL) and growth hormone (iGH) has been studied. In rat
      anterior pituitary cell cultures and pituitary quarters 1 mM boc-fPR-H inhibited
      basal iPRL and iGH release. Thyroliberin-induced iPRL release by cultured cells
      was also markedly inhibited with a concomitant accumulation of intra-cellular
      iPRL. During the short- and long-term exposure of cells to boc-fPR-H there no
      changes in total cell protein contents and in activities of some lysosomal marker
      enzymes. A wide scale of unchanged parameters characteristic for cellular
      metabolism indicated that the tripeptide aldehyde has no cytotoxic effect. The
      marked inhibition of basal as well as stimulated hormone release in the presence
      of the enzyme inhibitor might suggest that at least a portion of the hormones is
      released via a proteolytic enzyme-dependent process.

PMID- 6363863
TI  - The effects of glucose on ascorbic acid uptake in heart endothelial cells:
      possible pathogenesis of diabetic angiopathies.
AB  - Glucose in concentrations of 20 mg% (or greater) significantly inhibited 14C
      labelled ascorbic acid (1.25 mg%) uptake in endothelial cells in the presence of
      insulin (1600 microU/ml). The absence of insulin also significantly reduced
      ascorbic acid uptake. Furthermore, this reduction could be exacerbated by glucose
      (40, 160 mg%) but not equimolar concentrations of fructose. Increased ascorbic
      acid concentrations (two-fold) in the absence of insulin (1) significantly
      enhanced uptake, and (2) reversed the inhibition of glucose. These findings
      support earlier reports that ascorbic acid uptake into the cell may be
      compromised by decreased insulin and/or increased extracellular glucose levels.
      Since previous animal studies have correlated experimental ascorbic acid
      deficiencies with atherogenic processes (presumably by altering glycosaminoglycan
      metabolism), the postulation that the "diabetic condition" (low insulin,
      hyperglycemia) accelerates the cellular changes leading to atherosclerosis by
      impairing ascorbic acid uptake into the vascular endothelium, may now be
      supported.

PMID- 6363864
TI  - Alloxan-induced diabetes in the rat - protective action of (-) epicatechin?
AB  - Administration of alloxan (150 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) to male Wistar rats
      induced a reproducible and persistent diabetes mellitus as evidenced by elevated
      serum glucose and low serum insulin concentrations. Administration of either (
      )epicatechin or (+)catechin (250 mg/kg, i.p. on each occasion) at 36, 24, 12 and
      1 hour before and at 12 and 24 hours after alloxan administration did not prevent
      the induction of the diabetes. Similarly, treatment of animals with (
      )epicatechin or (+)catechin (125 mg/kg i.p. twice daily) for 21 days commencing
      24 hours after alloxan administration did not reverse the persisting elevated
      serum glucose and low serum insulin concentrations. Moreover, administration of
      these compounds did not relieve any of the symptoms of the alloxan-induced
      diabetes such as poor weight gain, polyuria or polydipsia. Thus, this study does
      not confirm previous reports of prophylactic and curative effects of (
      )epicatechin against alloxan-induced diabetes in rats, in spite of the high
      dosages of the compounds used in these experiments.

PMID- 6363865
TI  - [Information modeling in the analysis of authors' abstracts of dissertations on
      radiotherapy].
AB  - The information simulating method was used to analyse 62 authors' abstracts of
      dissertations (14 of them were doctoral theses) in radiation therapy published
      over the last 8 years. The objects of radiation therapy were tumorous as well as
      nontumorous diseases (90 and 10% respectively). The problems of radiation therapy
      in G. I. T. pathology, particularly in esophageal and rectal cancer, were
      considered in 35% of the dissertations devoted to radiation therapy of cancer
      patients. A lot of dissertations were also concerned with the therapy of lung,
      cervical and breast cancer and Hodgkin's disease. The authors' attention was
      directed, in particular, to a study of intensive preoperative irradiation
      including that of G. I. T. and lung tumors. Most of the dissertations were
      concerned with the use of different types of gamma-therapy. Betatron therapy was
      employed to advantage for cervical and lung cancer. Some papers represented the
      results of randomized studies that undoubtedly raise the reliability of the
      obtained data. The correlation of the main trends in radiation therapy revealed
      by the information simulating methods with reviews over the recent years,
      provides an opportunity to recommend this method to research workers for the
      classification of literature sources and research design.

PMID- 6363866
TI  - Nursing revisited: a tour of nursing history in Massachusetts.

PMID- 6363867
TI  - [Use of proteolytic enzymes in the combined treatment of paronychia].

PMID- 6363868
TI  - [Importance of the creativity of Ibn Sina for modern medicine].

PMID- 6363869
TI  - [New methods and modes of operation of type PO artificial respirators].
AB  - Some simplest attachments and manipulations are described which permit Soviet
      commercially available ventilators of the PO-type to be used in performing new
      methods and modes of respiratory therapy--PEEP (positive end expiratory
      pressure), CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure), and IMV (intermittent
      mandatory ventilation).

PMID- 6363870
TI  - [Intermittent positive pressure ventilation of the lungs with the PO-6
      respirator].
AB  - A modified Soviet ventilator PO-6 is presented suitable for performing
      intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) in combination with continuous positive
      airway pressure ventilation (CPAP). Some requirements for hardware necessary to
      realize IMV and CPAP modes are specified, and a critical evaluation of
      capabilities and disadvantages of the modified design is given in a view of these
      requirements.

PMID- 6363871
TI  - [Effect of the mother's exertion on the state of fetus].
AB  - Homeostatic changes in pregnant women's organism in result of effort - affect the
      fetus. In human a single effort of mild intensity may result in fetus' changed
      pulse and rhythm. In animals changes in acid-base equilibrium and fetus
      metabolism in result of mother's effort were noted. Furthermore, mother's
      training during pregnancy exerts delayed effects upon certain physiological
      properties of the cardiac muscle and metabolism of the progeny.

PMID- 6363872
TI  - Presidential address 1983. Social support of mentally retarded persons.

PMID- 6363873
TI  - Decreased plasma epinephrine concentrations after glucose ingestion in humans.
AB  - Plasma levels of norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), immunoreactive insulin
      (IRI), and glucose were measured in six healthy volunteers after glucose
      consumption and in six volunteers after a water solution. Ingestion of the
      glucose (100 g) solution significantly decreased E levels from 46.7 +/- 8.0 to
      20.8 +/- 1.9 pg/mL (P less than 0.01). Three hours after the glucose ingestion,
      plasma E levels nearly returned to basal values. Plasma IRI and glucose levels
      peaked at 45 minutes after glucose consumption (P less than 0.01), then declined
      toward basal values. Plasma NE levels were unaffected by glucose consumption.
      There were no changes in glucose, IRI, NE, or E levels in the control group.
      These results suggest that E behaves as a counter-regulatory hormone to insulin
      under stimulation by glucose.

PMID- 6363874
TI  - Comparison of porcine and semisynthetic human insulins using euglycemic clamp
      derived glucose-insulin dose-response curves in insulin-dependent diabetes.
AB  - In order to compare the biologic effectiveness of porcine and semisynthetic human
      insulins, a euglycemic clamp method was used in eight insulin-dependent diabetic
      subjects. Each subject was tested for each insulin on separate days. In order to
      derive glucose-insulin dose-response curves for both insulins, sequential but
      constant infusion rates of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mU/kg/min were performed.
      Plasma glucose levels attained during the euglycemic clamp were 96 +/- 3 mg/dL.
      At each insulin infusion rate, the steady-state glucose infusion rate required to
      maintain euglycemia was measured. At each increment of insulin infused, steady
      state glucose infusion rates for porcine insulin were 1.12 +/- 0.22, 1.90 +/-
      0.59, 4.28 +/- 0.61, and 9.37 +/- 0.66 mg/kg/min compared with 1.27 +/- 0.42,
      2.38 +/- 0.20, 4.25 +/- 0.43, and 8.87 +/- 0.67 mg/kg/min for semisynthetic human
      insulin. By ANOVA, no significant difference was noted between the two insulins.
      Because insulin infusion rates may not result in predictable circulating free
      insulin levels in subjects who have circulating insulin antibodies, free insulin
      levels were determined. When steady-state glucose infusion rates were compared
      with free insulin levels achieved at the four insulin infusion rates, dose
      response curves for both porcine and semisynthetic human insulins were virtually
      identical. These data suggest that semisynthetic human insulin has equivalent
      biologic effects on overall glucose metabolism compared with porcine insulin in
      insulin-dependent diabetes.

PMID- 6363875
TI  - Insulin-dependent metabolism of branched-chain amino acids in obesity.
AB  - The effect of euglycemic hyperinsulinism on branched-chain amino acids (BCAA;
      valine, isoleucine and leucine) was evaluated in five obese subjects and five
      controls. A continuous intravenous insulin infusion raised plasma insulin to a
      steady-state level. An artificial endocrine pancrease that infused glucose was
      used to sustain euglycemia. Basal and steady-state insulin levels were
      significantly higher in the obese subjects than in the controls. The amount of
      glucose infused to maintain euglycemia and its ratio to steady-state insulin
      levels was significantly lower in the obese subjects, suggesting an impaired
      insulin action on glucose metabolism. Basal BCAA levels were similar in the two
      groups of subjects. During insulin infusion the decremental areas of BCAA below
      basal levels were significantly lower in the obese patients (63 +/- 5 nmol/mL X
      min v 143 +/- 8 nmol/mL X min, P less than 0.001), as was the ratio of the
      decremental areas of BCAA to the incremental areas of insulin (1.11 +/- 0.05
      nmol/microU v 3.30 +/- 0.24 nmol/microU, P less than 0.001). Our data suggest
      that insulin resistance in obesity reduces hormonal effects on glucose as well as
      on BCAA metabolism.

PMID- 6363876
TI  - Human immunoglobulin M stimulates adipocyte lipogenesis.
AB  - In view of our recent demonstration that human immunoglobulin G (IgG) and its Fc
      moiety exert a stimulatory effect on lipogenesis by adipocytes, we have examined
      the possibility that human immunoglobulin M (IgM) may induce a similar effect
      upon adipocytes. Three IgM preparations, obtained from patients with
      Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, and a commercial preparation produced consistent
      dose-related stimulation of lipogenesis by adipocytes. This stimulation was
      additive to, and greater than, the maximal stimulation produced by insulin; it
      also neutralized completely by preincubation with mu-chain specific anti-IgM
      antiserum but not by an excess of anti-insulin antiserum. Similar stimulation of
      adipocyte lipogenesis was observed with (Fc)5 fragments prepared from IgM
      fractions. Therefore, IgM exerts a stimulatory effect upon adipocyte lipogenesis
      similar to that of IgG; this effect is probably mediated through a putative Fc
      receptor on the adipocyte membrane.

PMID- 6363877
TI  - Autoregulation of the rho gene of Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - It has previously been proposed, based on indirect evidence, that the Rho protein
      may control the expression of the rho gene. Using an in vitro system for the
      transcription and translation of the rho gene cloned into plasmid pBR322, we
      tested this hypothesis directly by monitoring the effect in vitro of excess or
      limiting Rho protein. The addition of purified Rho protein suppresses Rho
      synthesis in vitro. The addition of antibody to Rho specifically stimulates Rho
      synthesis in vitro. The stimulation of Rho factor synthesis by antibody to Rho is
      reversed by Rho protein. Rho factor purified from a strain with a mutationally
      altered rho gene (rho-115) does not suppress Rho synthesis in vitro. These
      results provide convincing evidence that the rho gene is subject to
      autoregulation.

PMID- 6363878
TI  - Mitochondrial ribosomal RNA genes of yeast: their mutations and a common nuclear
      suppressor.
AB  - Due to the absence of repetition of the rRNA genes in S. cerevisiae mitochondria,
      isolation of ribosomal mutants at the level of the rRNA genes is relatively easy
      in this system. We describe here a novel thermosensitive mutation, ts1297,
      localized by rho- deletion mapping in (or very close to) the sequence
      corresponding to the small ribosomal RNA (15S) gene. Defective mutations of the
      small rRNA have not been reported so far. In the mutant, the amount of 15S rRNA
      and of the small ribosomal subunit, 37S, is reduced. The quantity of the large
      ribosomal RNA (21S), directly extracted from mitochondria, appears normal.
      However, the large ribosomal subunit, 50S, seems to be fragile and could be
      recovered only in the presence of Ca2+ in place of Mg2+. The 50S particles seem
      to be completely degraded under normal conditions of extraction with Mg2+. The
      thermosensitive phenotype of the ts1297 mutant is suppressed by a nuclear
      mutation SU101. The SU101 mutation had been originally isolated as a suppressor
      of another mitochondrial mutation, ts902, which is located within the 21S rRNA
      gene. These results suggest that the mitochondrial mutations ts1297 and ts902 are
      both involved in the interaction of the large and small ribosomal subunits.

PMID- 6363879
TI  - A mitochondrial ribosomal RNA mutation and its nuclear suppressors.
AB  - We have isolated cold-resistant revertants from a mitochondrial cold-sensitive
      mutation, cs909, localized in the 21S ribosomal RNA gene. Two types of revertants
      have been isolated: (1) strong revertants which were shown to be due to a single,
      nuclear, dominant suppressor; (2) weak revertants which are all due to the
      presence of a single, nuclear, recessive suppressor. The recessive suppressor,
      when separated from the mitochondrial mutation, itself confers a cold-sensitive
      phenotype, that is, there is a mutual suppression between the mitochondrial cold
      sensitive mutation and the nuclear cold-sensitive mutation. The suppressor by
      itself produces modified ribosomes and therefore probably codes for an element of
      the mitochondrial ribosome such as a ribosomal protein.

PMID- 6363880
TI  - Functional domains of Escherichia coli recA protein deduced from the mutational
      sites in the gene.
AB  - The sites of recA mutations of Escherichia coli, recA441 (tif-1), recA1, recA430
      (lexB30) and recA44, were determined by analyses of the nucleotide sequences. All
      mutations are single point missense mutations within the coding region of the
      recA gene. In the recA441, recA1, recA430 and recA44 proteins, the 38th, 160th,
      204th, and 246th amino acids, respectively, from the amino terminal ends are
      altered. Based on the properties of these mutant proteins and modified forms of
      recA protein, the locations of various regions of the recA protein that are
      involved in binding with ATP, binding with single-stranded DNA, hydrolysis of
      ATP, interaction between the recA protein molecules and interaction with the
      lambda cI or lexA repressors are mapped on the primary structure of the protein.

PMID- 6363881
TI  - Requirement of protein synthesis for the induction of ribonucleoside diphosphate
      reductase mRNA in Escherichia coli.
AB  - An RNA-DNA hybridization assay was used to quantitate the ribonucleoside
      diphosphate reductase mRNA synthesis (nrd mRNA) to show that gene expression was
      dependent on protein synthesis. The increased nrd mRNA synthesis induced by
      inhibition of DNA synthesis was eliminated by simultaneous inhibition of protein
      synthesis. It was further found that protein synthesis is required not only
      initially but continuously during DNA inhibition for increased expression of nrd
      mRNA synthesis.

PMID- 6363882
TI  - Bifunctionality and polarized infidelity at the hisB locus of Aspergillus
      nidulans.
AB  - The histidine (hisB) locus of Aspergillus nidulans is unusual in two ways.
      Firstly, it is bifunctional; besides coding for imidazole glycerol phosphate
      (IGP) dehydrase, it is required for the production of ascospores (fertility). It
      appears, therefore, to be partly homologous to the hisB locus of Salmonella
      typhimurium, which codes for IGP dehydrase and histidinol phosphate phosphatase.
      Secondly, during meiosis it is often inaccurately transmitted to the progeny
      (infidelity). This phenomenon may be akin to the aberrant recombination events
      which cause Bar reversion in Drosophila, "selfing" in Salmonella and Neurospora,
      and gene fusions of the haemoglobin lepore type. A molecular model is proposed to
      account for the results.

PMID- 6363883
TI  - Two new cell division mutants in Escherichia coli map near the terminus of
      chromosome replication.

PMID- 6363884
TI  - Royal Midwives of former times.

PMID- 6363885
TI  - [Effect of amino acids and proteins on bacitracin and exoprotease synthesis by
      Bacillus licheniformis].
AB  - Amino acids and proteins were found to produce different effect on the synthesis
      of bacitracin and exoprotease by Bacillus licheniformis 28 KA depending on the
      age of the cells. The enzyme synthesis was induced by amino acids and proteins
      only in the cells at the exponential growth phase. No correlation could be
      established between the antibiotic and proteolytic activities. The optimal
      protease synthesis was found in a medium with isoleucine whereas the antibiotic
      synthesis was optimal in a medium containing no amino acids.

PMID- 6363887
TI  - [Effect of saccharose and lactose on the resistance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
      yeast to desiccation].
AB  - Incubation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells in solutions containing different
      sucrose or lactose concentrations (0.25 to 1.0 M) makes the organism more
      resistant to dehydration. The effect is increased when the cells are incubated
      for longer periods of time. Apparently, certain intracellular reactions making
      the yeast survive upon dehydration are initiated under these conditions.

PMID- 6363886
TI  - [Characteristics tables for monomer biosynthesis by microorganisms].
AB  - The pathways of biosynthesis of amino acids, nucleotides as well as membraneous
      and cell wall components (target monomers) were analysed in bacteria growing on
      different carbon sources. The analysis has made it possible to single out
      "junction" metabolites in the "branching points" of metabolic pathways of monomer
      synthesis whatever growth substrates are. The authors have compiled stoichiometry
      tables for the synthesis of all cellular target monomers from "junction"
      metabolites and for the synthesis of "junction" metabolites from different carbon
      sources (ethanol, galactose, glycerol, mannitol, glucose, acetate, glutamate and
      succinate). The tables are referred to as characteristic ones. The paper presents
      characteristic tables for Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6363888
TI  - [Component activity of the isoenzyme spectra of Saccharomyces cerevisiae,
      Saccharomyces carlsbergensis and their hybrids].
AB  - The object of this work was to study the activity and the isozyme spectra of
      hexokinase (the triggering enzyme of glycolysis), glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase (the key enzyme of the pentose-phosphate shunt), malate
      dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase (the enzymes of the citric acid cycle)
      and alcohol dehydrogenase (the enzyme involved in the first steps of ethanol
      oxidation) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, race Ya, S. carlsbergensis, race 4228,
      and their hybrid 67. The parent organisms and their hybrid were shown to differ
      from one another in the qualitative composition and the activity of the isozyme
      spectra of the above enzymes.

PMID- 6363890
TI  - [Use of molybdenum media with glycerin and admixtures of unassimilated polyols
      for differentiating actinomycetes].
AB  - Actinomycetes were cultivated in a medium containing from 0.15 to 0.2% of
      ammonium molybdate, glycerol and from 0.25 to 1% of polyol which was not
      assimilated by the cultures and inhibited the production of molybdenum blue in
      many actinomycetes. The cultures differed in their susceptibility to the
      inhibition by various polyols. There were not two polyols that would produce an
      identical effect on all of the cultures. Correlations were established in the
      action of polyols. The differences in the formation of molybdenum blue can be
      used for the differentiation and identification of actinomycetes to subdivide
      them into groups according to their sensitivity to inositol, mannitol, D
      arabitol, xylitol, sorbitol, L-arabitol and dulcitol and according to their
      resistance to dulcitol (minimal, average and maximal resistance). The paper
      presents schemes for subdividing groups into subgroups and for establishing the
      properties.

PMID- 6363889
TI  - [Isolation and study of the biological properties of a protease biosynthesis
      stimulating factor in an associative fungal culture].
AB  - A factor stimulating the production of exoproteases by Aspergillus kanagawaensis
      both in a single culture and during combined cultivation with Aspergillus wentii
      was isolated from the cultural broth of a component in the microbial association
      according to our scheme. The factor is a pigment of the hydroxyanthraquinone
      nature. It made the enzyme biosynthesis increase 3.7 times. Its effect on the
      biosynthesis was compared to that produced by other anthraquinone pigments, viz.
      alizarin, rubomycin and cinerubins. The compounds stimulated the biosynthesis
      only 2 to 2.5 times.

PMID- 6363891
TI  - [Ultrastructure of Candida utilis in continuous culture with various
      concentrations of the carbon source introduced by different technics].
AB  - The object of the work was to study changes in the ultrastructure of Candida
      utilis cells induced by increasing concentrations of glucose during chemostat
      cultivation and continuous cultivation with glucose pulse feeding. The results
      indicate that the cell structure and metabolism change vectorially with an
      increase of glucose concentration regardless of how glucose was added. An
      increase of the input glucose concentration is followed by an increase in the
      periplasmic space, the content of glycogen, the length and diameter of
      mitochondria, and the size of the nucleus. However, in the case of glucose pulse
      feeding, the above changes in the cell structure occur at a considerably lower
      input concentration as compared to the chemostat culture. Under these conditions,
      microtubuli are assembled in the cytoplasm in response to the glucose stimulus.

PMID- 6363892
TI  - Medical education in the next 50 years.

PMID- 6363893
TI  - Twelve years of coronary artery surgery in South Australia.
AB  - Twelve years' results of coronary artery bypass surgery in South Australia have
      been reviewed. The preoperative assessment parameters and operative profiles of
      4001 patients who underwent isolated coronary artery grafting between 1970 and
      1982 have been examined. In addition, all surviving patients received a follow-up
      questionnaire; only 48 patients have remained untraced. Survival curves for the
      patient group have been calculated and compared with those for the Australian
      population. The risk factors which influenced long-term survival have been
      identified. Surviving patients described their anginal symptoms as diminished in
      93% of cases at the time of review. When recurrent angina was described, 58% of
      patients experienced it within 12 months of the operation. Postoperative activity
      was improved in 71% of patients; 8% described a deterioration. A second operation
      was performed in 2.1% of patients. This study provides a comprehensive review of
      the efficacy of coronary artery bypass surgery both in the short and in the
      medium term.

PMID- 6363895
TI  - Human insulin.

PMID- 6363894
TI  - Anti-Cancer Subcommittee. Aims and policies.

PMID- 6363896
TI  - Human (semisynthetic) insulin and porcine insulin in the treatment of non-insulin
      dependent diabetes. A double-blind, comparative clinical trial.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes, who had not previously
      received insulin therapy, participated in a double-blind comparative trial of six
      months' duration to evaluate the efficacy of human (semisynthetic) insulin.
      Patients were allocated at random to treatment either with human (semisynthetic)
      insulin (10 patients) or with an equivalent porcine insulin regimen (11
      patients). Sex ratio, age, body mass index, duration of diabetes, C-peptide
      concentrations, baseline metabolic control and initial insulin requirements were
      similar in both groups. After six months, no significant differences between the
      treatment effects of human (semisynthetic) insulin and porcine insulin, as
      assessed by measurements of fasting and postprandial plasma glucose levels, the
      concentration of glycosylated haemoglobin, serum lipid levels, insulin dose, and
      body weight, were found. No adverse reactions, injection-site anomalies, or drug
      related biochemical abnormalities were noted in either group. It was concluded
      that human (semisynthetic) insulin is as effective as porcine insulin in
      initiating the treatment of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes who
      require insulin therapy.

PMID- 6363897
TI  - Indapamide (Lozol)--a new antihypertensive agent and diuretic.

PMID- 6363899
TI  - Energy conservation in acidophilic bacteria.

PMID- 6363898
TI  - New knowledge on pathogenesis of bacterial enteric infections as applied to
      vaccine development.

PMID- 6363902
TI  - [Phenotype characteristics in Fanconi's anemia. Case report and review of
      literature].

PMID- 6363901
TI  - Detailed analysis of the higher-order structure of 16S-like ribosomal ribonucleic
      acids.

PMID- 6363903
TI  - [Kidney-related hypertension].
AB  - Secondary hypertension is due to renal parenchymal disease in 3 of 4 pediatric
      patients. Among the unilateral renal diseases, reflux nephropathy is the most
      important condition, leading to hypertension in 10-20% of such patients (hence
      the need for yearly blood pressure recordings). Among the bilateral renal
      diseases, acute glomerulonephritis is still the best known cause of hypertension,
      although the various forms of chronic glomerulonephritis and renal insufficiency
      are nowadays of greater importance. Newer forms of hypertension may be observed
      after catheterisation of the umbilical artery in newborns, and after renal
      transplantation. Effective therapy of hypertension is essential.

PMID- 6363900
TI  - Membrane receptors for bacterial toxins.

PMID- 6363904
TI  - [Histochemical study of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver].

PMID- 6363905
TI  - The youth of geriatrics.

PMID- 6363906
TI  - Diffuse histiocytic lymphoma: case report.

PMID- 6363907
TI  - Development of an in situ microbial mutagenicity test system for airborne
      workplace mutagens: laboratory evaluation.
AB  - A simple on-site Salmonella mutagenicity test system for the detection of
      airborne mutagens in the workplace is being developed. The system permits
      entrapment of mutagenic airborne particles and vapors by impinging unfiltered
      ambient air into trapping medium containing bacterial tester cells. The trapping
      device consists mainly of a pump, an impinger and a cyclone. The impinging air
      flow generated by the pump is approximately 3 1/min. New Salmonella typhimurium
      testers which are resistant to streptomycin (Str) and 8-azaguanine (AG) were
      derived from the Ames testers TA98 and TA100 and the arabinose-resistant tester
      SV50, and were used as mutation indicators. Microbial contamination was
      sufficiently controlled by addition of ampicillin, Str, AG, and cycloheximide to
      the trapping and plating media. New tester strains retained a high mutagenic
      sensitivity from their parent strains. Laboratory studies with volatile mutagens
      (methyl methanesulfonate, ethyl methanesulfonate, and dimethylnitrosamine) showed
      that the vapor trapping of this system is promising. The study with suspended
      silica particles coated with a known mutagen (2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone)
      indicated that the particle trapping of the system is satisfactory. Incorporation
      of metabolic activation into the trapping medium by confining S9 mix and tester
      cells in dialysis tubing enabled this system to detect promutagens. This in situ
      system may be useful for mutagenic monitoring in the workplace.

PMID- 6363908
TI  - Report of ICPEMC Task Group 5 on the differentiation between genotoxic and non
      genotoxic carcinogens.

PMID- 6363909
TI  - Relationships between functionality and genetic toxicology of selected DNA
      damaging agents.

PMID- 6363910
TI  - Some chloro derivatives of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons are potent mutagens
      in Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - A series of chlorinations of some polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were
      carried out and the products were tested for mutagenicity on Salmonella
      typhimurium TA98 and TA100. We conclude that the chlorination of certain PAHs
      with low mutagenicity, such as pyrene and benzo[e]pyrene, resulted in the
      formation of two types of product. The chlorination of pyrene was studied in some
      detail. The major products of this chlorination were chloro-substituted pyrenes.
      These compounds showed an S9-dependent mutagenicity and were identified as 1
      chloro-, 1,6-dichloro-, 1,8-dichloro- and 1,3-dichloropyrene. On tester strain
      TA100 the mutagenic effect ranged from 1.4 to 14 revertants/nmol, 1,3
      dichloropyrene being the most potent of the isomers. Minor products eluting from
      a chromatograph in a more polar fraction than the major products were also
      formed. These compounds were less stable than the major products and were
      identified as pyrene with chloro additions in the 4- and 5-positions, with
      various chloro substituents at other positions. These minor products showed a
      high mutagenic effect on Salmonella in the absence of S9. The mutagenic effect on
      strain TA100 ranged from 10 to 15 revertants per ng which is at least 40 and 4000
      times higher than for 1-nitropyrene and pyrenequinones, respectively. These
      unstable chloro derivatives of pyrene are difficult to analyse chemically because
      they are easily degraded and give rise to the more stable 4-chloropyrene.

PMID- 6363911
TI  - The hair-dye reagent 2-(2',4'-diaminophenoxy)ethanol is mutagenic to Salmonella
      typhimurium.
AB  - A new hair-dye ingredient, 2-(2',4'-diaminophenoxy)ethanol (2,4-DAPE), was
      described as being devoid of any genotoxic activity on the basis of a multi
      laboratory study. Since 2,4-DAPE is a close analogue of 2,4-diaminoanisole (2,4
      DAA), which is mutagenic and carcinogenic, we tested this claim by assaying 2,4
      DAPE for bacterial mutagenicity. Two samples of 2,4-DAPE X 2HCl were synthesized
      by reduction of the corresponding dinitrophenoxyethanol and identity and purity
      were established by elemental analysis, NMR spectrometry, mass-spectrometry, UV
      spectrophotometry, TLC and HPLC. Fresh aqueous solutions of 2,4-DAPE X 2HCl were
      assayed in several separate plate tests using S. typhimurium TA1538, TA97, TA98
      and TA100, and E. coli WP2uvrA (pKM101), 3 plates per dose and 0%, 4%, 10% and
      30% Aroclor 1254-induced rat-liver S9 in S9 mixes. We obtained negative results
      in TA100 and E. coli. Reproducible, statistically significant dose-related
      increases in revertants (up to 14 times the background) were obtained in frame
      shift mutants of S. typhimurium in the dose range 10-80 micrograms per plate.
      Mutagenicity was S9-dependent, significant increases in revertants being obtained
      only with 50 microliter per plate or more of S9. 2,4-DAPE induced significant
      mutagenic effects at doses of less than 1 micrograms per ml in TA1538 and TA98 in
      fluctuation tests using 2% S9 in the S9 mix. In plate tests, 2,4-DAPE was less
      mutagenic (by a factor of about 8) than 2,4-DAA, which gave the highest mutant
      yields with 20 microliter S9 per plate (4% S9 in the S9 mix). 2,4-DAPE obtained
      commercially was about 8 times more mutagenic than our sample of 2,4-DAPE. After
      purification, the commercial product, now chromatographically identical with our
      own sample, gave plate-test results close to those obtained for our samples of
      2,4-DAPE. A review of the published reports (in which 2,4-DAPE was claimed to be
      inactive in a variety of short-term tests) revealed: (a) the use of protocols for
      bacterial mutagenicity testing which, in the light of our own results, were
      probably too limited in scope, especially in the choice of conditions for
      metabolic activation; (b) insufficient information on the identification and
      purity of the samples of 2,4-DAPE tested in the published collaborative study.

PMID- 6363912
TI  - Disruptive effects of ethyl alcohol on mitotic chromosome segregation in diploid
      and haploid strains of Aspergillus nidulans.
AB  - To identify, with certainty, the primary genotoxic effects of ethanol, condidia
      from diploid strains of Aspergillus nidulans were treated during early
      germination with ethyl alcohol, and all the resulting segregants from large
      samples were analysed in detail. Results were identical whether technical grade
      (95%), or highly purified 'absolute', alcohol was diluted to obtain the effective
      low levels of ethanol (3-6%). This makes it unlikely that trace contaminants,
      rather than ethanol itself, caused the observed induced segregation. At the most
      effective concentrations survival was about 50%, but over half of the colonies
      were abnormal and showed sectoring phenotypes. Higher concentrations were too
      inhibitory for growth. In practically all cases, when 'abnormals' were replated,
      aneuploids of various types were recovered. Most aneuploids were hyperdiploid,
      including a fraction of simple trisomics, and some were even polyploid types. All
      showed chromosomal-type segregation in diploid sectors, often segregating for
      genetic markers of many different chromosomes. Mitotic crossing-over was slightly
      increased, but probably not induced, since an equally high spontaneous frequency
      was observed among replated aneuploid types. To eliminate conclusively the
      possibility that chromosome breakage was the primary effect of ethanol, which
      might indirectly produce aneuploid-like types, haploid conidia were also treated.
      Up to 8% abnormals, mainly hyperhaploids, were obtained (at about 20-50%
      survival). When diploid and haploid strains were treated identically with ethanol
      in liquid media after a few hours of pregermination, frequencies of abnormals
      were similar for short treatments, but higher in diploid strains for longer ones
      (10-20% aneuploids). The abnormal colonies from the haploid strain were replated
      and visually identified: about 2/3 were typical n + 1 hyperhaploids, and most
      others were n + 2 or 3 or more, including a few 2n + 1 trisomics. It is concluded
      that as a primary effect, alcohol interferes with, and probably arrests, mitotic
      segregation, and causes chromosome missegregation and nondisjunction. In most
      cases, the resulting nuclei contain increased numbers of chromosomes and show
      high frequencies of chromosome loss.

PMID- 6363913
TI  - Mutagenicity of amine drugs and their products of nitrosation.
AB  - 8 drugs that are amines or amides and that interact with nitrous acid to form
      potentially carcinogenic and mutagenic N-nitroso derivatives were tested for
      mutagenicity to Salmonella typhimurium. None of the compounds was mutagenic
      alone, with or without liver S9 activation. After reaction with nitrite in acetic
      acid solution, the products of 4 of the compounds were mutagenic. Diphenhydramine
      and hydrochlorothiazide gave products mutagenic with or without activation, but
      only to strain TA98. Methaphenilene gave products mutagenic to TA1538, TA98 and
      TA100 without microsomal activation. Dimethyldodecylamine-N-oxide after
      nitrosation was mutagenic with S9 activation to TA1535 indicating a response to
      the nitrosomethyldodecylamine formed. Allantoin, pyrilamine, chlorothen,
      methafurylene and thenyldiamine were not mutagenic alone or after nitrosation.

PMID- 6363914
TI  - The influence of pH on the convertogenic activity of plant phenolics.
AB  - The genotoxicity of plant phenolics, including pyrogallol, gallic acid,
      resorcinol and catechin, and a water extract and tannin fraction of betel nut
      (Areca catechu) was examined at pH levels ranging from 5 to 10. Strain D7 of
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used since the cells can withstand a wide range of
      pH levels without any loss of viability. At alkaline pH ranges, the examined
      phenolics and betel nut extracts induced mitotic conversion, whereas they lacked
      this capacity at acid pH levels. This phenomenon may be due to the rapid
      autoxidation of phenolics under alkaline conditions, which leads to the
      generation of H2O2 and free radicals. The results indicate that plant phenolics
      may pose a genotoxic hazard during chewing of lime-containing betel quid and
      tobacco which causes the salivary pH to rise above 8.

PMID- 6363915
TI  - Mutagenicity of flavones, chromones and acetophenones in Salmonella typhimurium.
      New structure-activity relationships.
AB  - 28 flavones and 11 structurally-related flavonoids, chromones, and acetophenones,
      were tested for mutagenicity in the Salmonella typhimurium his reversion assay. 7
      flavones, all of which were hydroxy- or methoxy-substituted at position 8, were
      moderate to strong mutagens in strain TA100 in the presence of rat liver S9 mix.
      In each case, the response of strain TA98 was either not significant or was very
      much weaker than that observed in strain TA100. The activation by S9 is not
      mediated by the microsomal cytochrome P450 system, since activation was not
      diminished when microsomes were removed by centrifugation at 100 000 X g. The
      observed strain specificity and structural requirements for activity indicate a
      mutagenic mechanism different from that associated with previously reported
      mutagenic flavonols (3-hydroxy-flavones) which are most active in strain TA98.
      The most mutagenic flavone investigated, 5,7,8-trihydroxy-flavone (norwogonin),
      had a potency of 17 revertants/nmole. Simplification of the chemical structures
      to hydroxy-substituted chromone and acetophenone systems revealed similar strain
      specificity, hydroxylation requirements, and S9 dependence within these
      structural classes, suggesting a similar activation pathway and mutagenic
      mechanism. The greatest mutagenic potency was observed within the flavone series,
      but significant potency was retained by similarly hydroxylated chromones and
      acetophenones. No mutagenic activity was observed in the absence of the aryl
      ketone moiety.

PMID- 6363916
TI  - Inhibitory effect of saturated fatty acids on the mutagenicity of N
      nitrosodimethylamine.
AB  - Saturated fatty acids, C5-C12, inhibited the mutagenic activity of N
      nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in E. coli WP2 uvrA/pKM101. The inhibition by laurate
      (C12) was due to the suppression of the enzymatic demethylation of NDMA, whereas
      that by caprate (C10) was simply due to the bactericidal effect of the fatty
      acid. Caproate (C6) did not affect the NDMA-demethylase, and evidence is
      presented to show that the inhibition of mutagenesis by caproate was a result of
      its interference with the uptake of NDMA metabolites into bacterial cells.
      Possible biological significance of the inhibition is discussed.

PMID- 6363917
TI  - Mutagenic activity of methyl-substituted tri- and tetracyclic aromatic sulfur
      heterocycles.
AB  - A number of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles have been identified in coal
      derived products and in shale oils. The mutagenic activity of some of these
      compounds, including dibenzothiophene, benzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]thiophene,
      benzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]thiophene and benzo[b]naphtho[2,3-d]thiophene have been
      determined using the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity test. These compounds
      demonstrated either very weak or no mutagenic activity. The methyl derivatives of
      each of these four compounds were assayed for mutagenic activity. Salmonella
      typhimurium TA98 was used as the tester strain. All assays required a rat-liver
      homogenate metabolic activator. Five of the methylated derivatives, 1
      methylbenzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]thiophene, 3-methylbenzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]thiophene, 1
      methylbenzo[b]-naphtho[2,1-d]thiophene, 6-methylbenzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]thiophene
      and 4-methylbenzo[b]naphtho[2,3-d]thiophene demonstrated mutagenic activity.
      However, activity was observed only at high concentrations of the metabolic
      activator.

PMID- 6363918
TI  - The clearance of colloidal carbon from the blood of Candida albicans infected
      mice.

PMID- 6363920
TI  - Mycotic abortions in equines.

PMID- 6363919
TI  - Occurrence and etiologic significance of Cryptococcus neoformans in a cutaneous
      lesion of a cat.

PMID- 6363921
TI  - Cryptococcal mastitis in dairy animals.

PMID- 6363922
TI  - Purification and characterization of an aminopeptidase from Plasmodium
      falciparum.
AB  - A soluble aminopeptidase from Plasmodium falciparum was purified by high
      performance liquid chromatography. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 100 000
      and pI 6.8. Activity can be monitored conveniently with L-alanine-p-nitroanilide
      or L-leucine-p-nitroanilide at 405 nm or with L-leucine-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin
      in a fluorescence assay. The enzyme is inhibited by bestatin and phosphoramidone
      but not by leupeptin, chymostatin, antipain or pepstatin. pH-rate studies
      indicated the presence of a group on the free enzyme, pKa = 6.6, which must be in
      the conjugate base form for activity. The aminopeptidase has an essential
      sulfhydryl group at the active site which is rapidly modified by Hg2+ or Zn2+, is
      slowly modified by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, but is not accessible to
      iodoacetamide or N-ethylmaleimide. The aminopeptidase is inhibited
      noncompetitively by chloroquine, mefloquine and quinacrine (Ki = 410, 280 and 20
      microM, respectively) but is not inhibited by quinine or primaquine. Hemin does
      not inhibit. Complexation of hemin with quinacrine prevents inhibition by
      quinacrine.

PMID- 6363923
TI  - Binding of glycophorins to Plasmodium falciparum merozoites.
AB  - Plasmodium falciparum merozoites recognize and attach to glycophorins, the
      surface sialoglycoproteins of human erythrocytes. The structural requirements for
      a merozoite binding site were studied with the use of two methods. In the first,
      certain glycophorins and their tryptic fragments were added directly to isolated
      merozoites prior to their addition to erythrocytes. Low concentrations (50
      micrograms ml-1) of glycophorin A inhibited merozoite invasion. At higher
      concentrations a mixture of glycophorins A, B and C (GPS) (100 micrograms ml-1)
      and glycophorin B (200 micrograms ml-1) also inhibited invasion. GPS from Tn
      erythrocytes which lack both sialic acid and galactose residues was almost as
      effective as normal GPS in blocking invasion. None of the monosaccharides present
      on glycophorin, including N-acetylneuraminic acid, inhibited merozoite invasion.
      Erythrocytes treated with lectins were only partially resistant to invasion.
      These results indicated that the oligosaccharide side chains are not the major
      structural determinant of the merozoite binding site. Glycophorin A was cleaved
      by trypsin and the separated fragments added to merozoites. Only the external N
      terminal tryptic fragment T1 and the trypsin resistant hydrophobic core, T6,
      showed some, but considerably less, inhibitory activity than the intact molecule.
      In the second approach, the binding of 125I-labeled GPS to isolated merozoites
      was determined. 125I-GPS binding was saturated at 0.23 micrograms for 10(9)
      merozoites and was competitively inhibited by unlabeled GPS but not by free
      sugars. Desialylated GPS bound almost to the same extent as the intact molecule.

PMID- 6363924
TI  - Diet and cancer--an overview.

PMID- 6363925
TI  - A reassessment of pneumococcal vaccine.

PMID- 6363926
TI  - Some speculations about prions, amyloid, and Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 6363927
TI  - The study of human twins in medical research.

PMID- 6363928
TI  - Vasodilator therapy of heart failure. Has the promissory note been paid?

PMID- 6363929
TI  - Monoclonality of lymphoproliferative lesions in cardiac-transplant recipients.
      Clonal analysis based on immunoglobulin-gene rearrangements.
AB  - Whether lymphoproliferative disorders arising in immunosuppressed recipients of
      organ transplants are primarily neoplastic or hyperplastic in nature is a matter
      of controversy. Reports of polyclonal B-cell proliferations in these lesions
      suggest the presence of hyperplasia, but these disorders resemble lymphoma
      histologically and are clinically aggressive and often rapidly fatal, as expected
      of a malignant neoplastic disease. We examined tissue specimens from 10 cases of
      lymphoproliferative disease that occurred in immunosuppressed recipients of
      cardiac transplants. Specimens from nine of these patients lacked cellular
      immunoglobulin; however, analysis of DNA extracted from these tissues revealed
      that each lesion contained large numbers of cells possessing uniform, clonal
      rearrangements of immunoglobulin-gene DNA. Therefore, when first seen clinically
      these proliferations contained a notable monoclonal-cell population typical of
      conventional B-cell lymphomas that are not associated with immunosuppression. We
      therefore suggest that lymphoproliferative disorders in recipients of cardiac
      transplants are neoplastic at the earliest stages of detectable disease.

PMID- 6363930
TI  - An efficacy trial of doxycycline chemoprophylaxis against leptospirosis.
AB  - Because leptospirosis has been an important cause of morbidity in U.S. soldiers
      training in the Republic of Panama, we conducted a randomized, double-blind,
      placebo-controlled field trial during the fall of 1982 to determine whether
      doxycycline was an effective chemoprophylactic agent against this infection.
      Doxycycline (200 mg) or placebo was administered orally on a weekly basis and at
      the completion of training to 940 volunteers from two U.S. Army units deployed in
      Panama for approximately three weeks of jungle training. Twenty cases of
      leptospirosis occurred in the placebo group (an attack rate of 4.2 per cent), as
      compared with only one case in the doxycycline group (attack rate, 0.2 per cent,
      P less than 0.001), yielding an efficacy of 95.0 per cent. This study
      demonstrated the value of doxycycline as a prophylactic drug against
      leptospirosis.

PMID- 6363932
TI  - Cyclosporine-associated central-nervous-system toxicity after allogeneic bone
      marrow transplantation.

PMID- 6363931
TI  - Radiation carcinogenesis.

PMID- 6363933
TI  - AHCCCS: a new Medicare-Medicaid model in Arizona.

PMID- 6363934
TI  - More on the ether operation.

PMID- 6363935
TI  - Effect of treatment regimens for Neisseria gonorrhoeae on simultaneous infection
      with Chlamydia trachomatis.
AB  - We evaluated the effect of treatment of gonorrhea on simultaneous Chlamydia
      trachomatis infection by randomly assigning 293 heterosexual men and 246
      heterosexual women with gonorrhea to receive one of the following treatment
      regimens: (1) 4.8 million units of aqueous procaine penicillin plus 1 g of
      probenecid, (2) nine tablets of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole daily for three
      days, or (3) 500 mg of tetracycline four times a day for five days. Among the
      men, gonococcal infection was cured in 99 per cent given penicillin plus
      probenecid, 96 per cent given trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and 98 per cent
      given tetracycline. Among the women, only 90 per cent given tetracycline were
      cured, in contrast to 97 per cent given penicillin plus probenecid and 99 per
      cent given trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Chlamydial infection, present in 15 per
      cent of the men and 26 per cent of the women, was cured in 30 of 32 patients
      given trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 27 of 29 given tetracycline, but in only
      10 of 23 given penicillin plus probenecid. Among chlamydia-positive patients,
      postgonococcal urethritis in men and cervicitis in women occurred more often in
      patients given penicillin plus probenecid. Salpingitis developed in 6 of 20 women
      given penicillin plus probenecid, but in only 1 of 26 given trimethoprim
      sulfamethoxazole and in none of 24 given tetracycline. We conclude that the use
      of penicillin plus probenecid alone for gonorrhea in heterosexual patients
      carries an unacceptably high risk of postgonococcal chlamydial morbidity.
      Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline were highly effective against both
      pathogens and were well tolerated in men, but both drugs caused frequent side
      effects in women. The failure of tetracycline to cure gonorrhea in 10 per cent of
      women argues against its use alone; treatment with penicillin followed by
      tetracycline has been recommended for further trial.

PMID- 6363936
TI  - Renal syndromes associated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.

PMID- 6363937
TI  - Should the VA reduce its medical-school affiliations?

PMID- 6363938
TI  - Transcriptional interference in avian retroviruses--implications for the promoter
      insertion model of leukaemogenesis.
AB  - The downstream (3') long terminal repeat (LTR) of an avian retroviral provirus is
      unable to act as an efficient promoter of transcription when a transcriptionally
      active upstream (5') LTR is present. This transcriptional interference may
      explain the observation that only deleted proviruses have been observed inserted
      adjacent to c-myc in avian leukosis virus induced lymphomas of chickens.

PMID- 6363939
TI  - Cultivation of the liver forms of Plasmodium vivax in human hepatocytes.
AB  - The blood schizogonic cycle of human malaria parasites has thus far been the most
      exhaustively studied phase of parasite development. However, before entering red
      blood cells (RBCs), the parasite undergoes its first multiplication not in blood,
      but in hepatic cells. These hepatic stages were the last to be discovered and
      only a few studies have been performed in humans and other primates. Despite
      recent advances, in vivo studies have limitations and other approaches such as
      cultures of these liver forms may be necessary to investigate their
      chemosensitivity and their biochemical or immunological properties. Recently,
      sporozoites of species of rodent malaria have been made to infect cultured cell
      lines or primary hepatocyte cultures. We report here that the complete cycle of
      the human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax can be obtained in primary cultures
      of human hepatocytes up to release of merozoites able to penetrate RBCs.

PMID- 6363940
TI  - Construction, expression and recognition of an H-2 molecule lacking its carboxyl
      terminus.
AB  - A mouse major histocompatibility antigen (H-2) gene, encoding a novel H-2Ld
      molecule lacking its intracytoplasmic domain, has been constructed and introduced
      into mouse L-cells. The novel H-2 molecule is found on the surface of the
      transfected cells at the same level as L-cells transfected with the native H-2Ld
      gene. Allo- and influenza-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes can recognize the
      truncated H-2 gene product nearly as efficiently as the normal H-2Ld gene
      product. However, vesicular stomatitis virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes
      recognize the truncated H-2Ld molecule less efficiently than the complete H-2Ld
      product. The rate of capping of the truncated H-2Ld molecule was investigated and
      found to be the same as that of the complete H-2Ld gene product.

PMID- 6363941
TI  - The virus verified.

PMID- 6363942
TI  - Heart transplants and the legal and ethical problems surrounding organ retrieval.

PMID- 6363943
TI  - Duke class of 1983 and the Hippocratic Oath.

PMID- 6363944
TI  - The early years at Bowman Gray.

PMID- 6363945
TI  - The contribution of a great man to Wake Forest University and its Bowman Gray
      School of Medicine--Tinsley R. Harrison, M.D.

PMID- 6363946
TI  - Preliminary experiences with chemonucleolysis at the University of Nebraska
      Medical Center.

PMID- 6363947
TI  - Cold-reacting IgM antibody-induced renal allograft failure. Similarity to
      hyperacute rejection.
AB  - Hyperacute rejection of renal allografts is usually mediated by IgG antibody, but
      recent studies indicate that cold-reacting IgM alloantibodies are also associated
      with immediate malfunction of renal allografts. We report 2 cases of cold
      reacting IgM-mediated allograft malfunction in which immediate posttransplant
      biopsies resembled hyperacute rejection. This reaction can probably be prevented
      by warming the kidney just before transplantation.

PMID- 6363948
TI  - Spontaneous resolution of vesicoureteral reflux in a renal transplant recipient.
AB  - Vesicoureteral reflux has been considered as a predisposing factor to the
      development of urinary infection in adults. In renal transplant patients, it has
      been suggested as a risk factor for graft failure. We report a patient with a
      normal voiding cystourethrogram after renal transplantation who was demonstrated
      to have mild reflux during an acute infection. Following treatment of the
      infection, the reflux disappeared. This patient's course suggests that reversible
      reflux in renal transplant recipients may be a result of infection and is not
      necessarily a harbinger of graft failure.

PMID- 6363949
TI  - High- versus low-dose methylprednisolone for acute rejection episodes in renal
      transplantation.
AB  - A double-blind, randomized trial was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety
      of two doses of methylprednisolone (MP) in reversing acute rejection episodes in
      renal allograft recipients. 18 subjects were randomized to receive either 250 mg
      (group 1) or 1,000 mg (group 2) MP daily for 4 days. The two groups were similar
      with regard to HLA matching, number of cadaveric grafts, number of second
      transplants, and transfusion history. 6 of 10 patients in group 1 and 4 of 8 in
      group 2 responded to treatment with MP, i.e., serum creatinine returned to
      baseline. 1-year follow-up has demonstrated a similar graft survival, 70% in
      group 1 and 50% in group 2. There were no significant differences in mortality,
      infectious complications, blood glucose, and blood pressure between the two
      groups. We conclude that (1) 250 mg MP is as effective as 1,000 mg in reversing
      acute rejection in renal allografts; (2) 1,000 mg MP does not result in a greater
      incidence of adverse effects, and (3) 250 mg MP does not adversely affect 1-year
      graft survival.

PMID- 6363950
TI  - [Lumbosacral lipomas with spina bifida. Anatomo-clinical correlations.
      Therapeutic results].
AB  - From 1971 to 1982, the authors saw 41 patients who presented lumbo sacral lipomas
      with spina bifida; 9 remained outpatients and had regular clinical follow up; the
      other 32 were operated on; 1 was lost sight of, shortly after the operation. 40
      patients were then regularly followed; of these, 15 (37%) developed neurological
      deficits (14 before and 1 long after surgery). Intraspinal lipomas were
      classified into 2 groups: group I (18 cases), when the lipomas displaced but did
      not include the lumbo sacral roots; group II (14 cases) when it included most or
      all of these roots. Despite an inevitably less satisfactory liberation of the
      spinal cord in the group II, post operative results were not significantly
      different in the 2 groups. Comparing the post operative results of this series to
      others in the literature, the authors come to the following 3 conclusions: 1)
      these operations are benign; 2) they are all the more effective when the
      neurological deficits are either recent or evolutive, and 3) they protect most of
      the patients from eventual neurological deterioration. Therefore the authors
      agree that patients with lumbo sacral lipomas should be operated on at the onset
      of neurological deficits but also recommend early intervention, even in the
      absence of any neurological disturbance.

PMID- 6363951
TI  - [Axial lesions in skull injuries. Development of ideas during the past century].

PMID- 6363952
TI  - [Value of digital subtraction angiography in cerebrovascular diseases].
AB  - Digital Angiography was done on 1 000 patients with cerebral vascular diseases at
      the cervical or cerebral level. This was done by intravenous injection in 800
      cases and by intra-arterial injection in 200 cases. The study of the cervical
      carotid bifurcation is favorably compared to the one obtained by the conventional
      arteriography. The intracranial aneurysms of 1 centimeter are well visualized and
      this method is valid to eliminate a giant aneurysm before transsphenoidal
      surgery. The digital angiography also allows the study of venous and sinus
      malformations. The postoperative controls of the aneurysms, carotid
      endarterectomies and extra-intracranial bypass are perfectly shown and can be
      repeated. The comparative study between the intravenous digital angiography and
      the conventional angiography have shown a good correlation between both tests in
      80% of the cases. This rate can be risen by intra-arterial injection. It is a non
      invasive method, reliable and economical with very little complications. This
      test can be done on an external basis and repeated if necessary. The
      disadvantages are the overlapping of the vessels, the necessity of the strict
      immobilisation of the head and the difficulty of evaluating the vessels whose
      diameter is inferior to 1 mm.

PMID- 6363953
TI  - [Multifocal glioma. Apropos of 10 cases].
AB  - The authors report 10 cases of multifocal glioma of the brain. There are
      distinguished in multicentric tumors, when lesions develop independently in the
      space and time and multiples tumors when they are in connection by spreading
      process. They analyzed the factors that could permit to distinguish these
      gliomas. Multicentric tumors are histologically of low grade with gradual
      evolution, and from different histological nature and topography. In other hand,
      multiple gliomas are from malignant histology and develop simultaneously. The CT
      scan and biopsy in stereotaxic condition could permit to recognize these two
      parts which the prognosis is different.

PMID- 6363954
TI  - Behavioral effects of prenatal exposure to ethylene dibromide.
AB  - Pregnant female Long-Evans hooded rats were exposed to 0, 0.43, 6.67, or 66.67
      ppm ethylene dibromide (EDB) via inhalation for four hours/day three days/week
      from Day 3 to Day 20 of gestation. The 66.67 ppm dose produced an increase in
      defecation during exposure, decreased gestational weight gain, and enhanced
      rotorod performance and T-maze brightness discrimination acquisition in the
      offspring. Similar changes were noted in the dams and offspring exposed to 6.67
      ppm, but the magnitude of the effects was reduced. No effects of exposure to 0.43
      ppm were detected, nor were litter size, litter composition, nest building, pup
      retrieval, DRL-20 acquisition, straight alley running speed, or passive avoidance
      affected by exposure to any dose. We suggest that the behavioral effects of the
      medium and high doses may be secondary to stress reactions in the dams to
      exposure to these doses.

PMID- 6363955
TI  - [Improvement of tolerance of dialysis sessions using bicarbonate baths. Results
      of a controlled study].
AB  - Benefits of using bicarbonate (B) containing dialysates instead of acetate (A)
      dialysates is still controversial. A single blind study was therefore performed
      using patients as their own control. Thirteen males and 10 females (mean age 44
      years), with a poor dialysis tolerance were included in the study. 14 patients
      were dialyzed one week with dialysate A (A 38 mmol/l, CO3H 0, Na 140, K 1.5, Ca
      1.75, Mg 0.75, Cl 108.5) and then one week with dialysate B (A 9, CO3H 29, Na
      140, K 1.5, Ca 1.75, Mg 0.75, Cl 108.5); 9 patients were dialyzed one week with B
      and then one week with A. Measured osmolarity was 302 mOsm/l for dialysate A and
      291 for dialysate B. A Unimat dialysate generator from Bellco was used in both
      cases. Student paired t tests were used for comparisons. Predialysis mean values
      of body weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, serum Na, K, Ca, P, BUN,
      and creatinin did not differed significantly with A and B dialysates. Hypotensive
      episodes (19.6% vs 36.2% p less than 0.05), headaches (5.8% vs 14.5%, p less than
      0.05), and vomiting (8.0% vs 18.5%, p less than 0.10) were less frequent with B
      than with A. Postdialysis blood CO3H, K and P were higher with B than with A (all
      p less than 0.05). Results confirm, in acute conditions, the better tolerance of
      bicarbonate dialysis comparatively to acetate dialysis.

PMID- 6363956
TI  - [Deep brain stimulation for relief of intractable pain--its experimental and
      clinical application].

PMID- 6363957
TI  - [Slow virus infection].

PMID- 6363958
TI  - [Stereotactic metrizamide cervical myelography].
AB  - A new apparatus is made for metrizamide cervical myelography. One part of the
      apparatus is a frame for immobilizing the head and the other is an assembly for
      guiding spinal needle insertion by lateral puncture. The head frame is made of
      concave plastic and three rubber discs for immobilizing the forehead and
      bilateral temporal region. The second piece of apparatus for guiding spinal
      needle insertion is movable in three directions: up and down, right and left and
      forward and backward. The sterilized guide made of acrylic is attached. The
      spinal needle is inserted along the groove of this sterilized guide. The
      apparatus makes it possible to locate the insertion point easily for the
      metrizamide cervical myelography by lateral C1-C2 puncture method in prone
      position, since the location of the tip of the inserted needle can be determined
      by the aid of lateral cervical x-ray and 10 mm scale, even if image intensifier
      of TV display screen is not available.

PMID- 6363959
TI  - A role for serotonin in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response to insulin
      stress.
AB  - Controversy exists concerning the possible involvement of serotonin (5-HT) in the
      pituitary-adrenocortical response to stress. In the present research, a variety
      of pharmacological and physiological manipulations were used in male rats to
      study the role of this neurotransmitter in the adrenocortical response to insulin
      induced hypoglycemia. We first examined the effect of insulin stress on
      hypothalamic 5-HT metabolism and found increased turnover as determined by an
      enhanced accumulation of 5-HT following monoamine oxidase inhibition. Brain 5-HT
      depletion by intraventricular injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine significantly
      attenuated the corticosterone response to insulin, while treatment with the 5-HT
      receptor blocker methysergide tended to have the same effects. The corticosterone
      response to insulin was potentiated by prior administration of L-tryptophan, and
      blocked by pretreatment with valine, an amino acid that competes with tryptophan
      for transport across the blood-brain barrier. It therefore appears that the
      pituitary-adrenal response to insulin is mediated at least in part by 5-HT, and
      may be dependent on increased uptake of tryptophan by the brain.

PMID- 6363960
TI  - Effect of inhibition of neuropeptidases on the pain threshold of mice and rats.
AB  - The effect of the inhibition of aminopeptidase and enkephalinase A on the pain
      threshold of mice and rats was investigated, using bestatin and thiorphan as
      selective peptidase inhibitors. The results indicate that both enzymes are
      relevant to the catabolism of enkephalins in vivo; however, their simultaneous
      activation requires particular conditions. These conclusions are based on the
      following observations: (1) Only concomitant intracerebral treatment with both
      inhibitors led to an increase in the threshold of animal pain, whereas, in the
      presence of exogenous peptides, the concomitant injection of both inhibitors in
      mice elicited an analgesic response greater than the sum of the effects of each
      single inhibitor. (2) This response could be seen only after acute trauma; in
      fact, when the drugs were injected through a plastic cannula, only enkephalinase
      A inhibition was effective in increasing analgesia induced by exogenous peptides.

PMID- 6363961
TI  - Perspectives in international neurosurgery: neurosurgery in Spain.

PMID- 6363962
TI  - Iohexol versus metrizamide for lumbar myelography: preliminary report of double
      blind trial.
AB  - Lumbar myelography was performed in 38 patients; 19 received iohexol (an
      investigational aqueous contrast agent) and 19 received metrizamide. Iohexol is
      stable in solution, which is not the case with metrizamide. There was no other
      significant difference in diagnostic utility or quality between the two media.
      However, there was considerable postmyelography morbidity in the metrizamide
      group, but no postmyelography morbidity in the iohexol group. Preliminary
      clinical evidence suggests that iohexol is significantly superior to metrizamide
      as a contrast agent for lumbar myelography.

PMID- 6363963
TI  - Defective cerebrovascular autoregulation in regions proximal to arteriovenous
      malformations of the brain: a case report and topic review.
AB  - We report the case of a patient with a large left subfrontal arteriovenous
      malformation (AVM) that was supplied by the right internal carotid artery. The
      anomalous blood supply developed because of complete occlusion of the left
      internal carotid artery. When the AVM was removed, the patient experienced a
      hemorrhage into the right basal ganglia. The possibility that this hemorrhage was
      related to a defect of autoregulation in blood vessels that lie proximal to a
      large AVM is discussed. Even though this is a unique case, the pathophysiological
      events that are documented are relevant to the preoperative preparation and
      surgical management of all patients with AVMs.

PMID- 6363964
TI  - Tuberous sclerosis: a review for the neurosurgeon.
AB  - The clinical, radiological, and pathological characteristics of tuberous
      sclerosis are reviewed. Neurosurgical intervention in the syndrome is discussed
      in light of two recently treated cases and a literature review.

PMID- 6363965
TI  - Interhemispheric and percallosal (transcallosal) approach to the cingulate gyri,
      intraventricular shunt tubes, and certain deeply placed brain lesions.
AB  - The author reports 52 interhemispheric and percallosal operations carried out by
      himself and certain of his associated trainees upon 50 patients presenting 19
      different pathological entities over a period of 38 years (1944 through 1982).
      The still too little appreciated advantages of this approach over transcortical
      avenues to the anterior ventricular system are described, together with specific
      indications, contraindications, and reliable and proven surgical techniques. The
      long term results are examined for four different outcomes: (a) recovery without
      deficit or with a deficit wholly chargeable to the lesion before its extirpation;
      (b) recovery, but with a deficit produced by or increased by the surgical
      procedure; (c) failure to benefit; and (d) death due to the operation. Eleven
      patients had invasive tumors that were not totally removable, and 6 died
      postoperatively. Five survived with disease-produced deficits that failed to
      disappear. Two had permanent deficits due to intraoperative misfortunes. Twenty
      six made full recoveries, with return to work or school. Only 1 patient had a
      postoperative seizure problem.

PMID- 6363966
TI  - Immunocytochemical evidence for a serotoninergic innervation of dorsal column
      postsynaptic neurons in cat and monkey: light- and electron-microscopic
      observations.
AB  - Dorsal column postsynaptic neurons in the lumbosacral enlargements of cats and a
      monkey were retrogradely labeled by placing horseradish peroxidase on their
      severed axons in the thoracic dorsal columns. After visualizing the retrogradely
      labeled neurons, the tissue was immunocytochemically stained with an antiserum
      directed against serotonin. Immunoreactive axonal varicosities contacted the
      perikarya and proximal dendrites of every retrogradely-labeled neuron examined in
      cat (mean 61 contacts/cell) and nearly every neuron in the monkey (mean 18
      contacts/cell). Electron microscopy showed that the immunoreactive axonal
      varicosities contained pleomorphic (round to oval) agranular vesicles and formed
      symmetrical synapses on retrogradely-labeled neurons. It is concluded that dorsal
      column postsynaptic neurons are innervated directly by the brain stem's
      descending, serotoninergic system(s).

PMID- 6363967
TI  - Localization of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in penile erectile tissue and
      in the major pelvic ganglion of the rat.
AB  - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide was localized by immunocytochemical techniques
      in the major pelvic ganglion and penile erectile tissue of the rat. Vasoactive
      intestinal polypeptide fibers were concentrated in penile crura with the density
      of innervation decreasing distally. The helicine arteries were very densely
      innervated while fewer fibers surrounded the deep artery of the penis. Intrinsic
      smooth muscle of the cavernous bodies received a moderate supply of vasoactive
      intestinal polypeptide immunoreactive fibers. Dorsal vascular structures,
      including the deep dorsal vein were innervated by vasoactive intestinal
      polypeptide fibers. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immunoreactive cell bodies
      were found in the major pelvic ganglion, concentrated on one end of the ganglion.
      Retrograde studies with a dye injected into the penile crura indicated that
      neurons in major pelvic ganglion projected to the penis. Combined dye and
      immunofluorescent studies showed that all the dye-labeled neurons were
      immunoreactive for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. It is concluded that all
      vascular beds in the penis of the rat are innervated by vasoactive intestinal
      polypeptide fibers and that the extent of the innervation is related to the
      occurrence of smooth muscle. Neurons in the major pelvic ganglion probably are
      the main source of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide fibers to the penis.

PMID- 6363968
TI  - Survival and growth of neurons with enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in fetal
      brain areas grafted to the anterior chamber of the eye.
AB  - Areas of fetal rat brain and spinal cord known to contain enkephalin-like
      immunoreactive cell bodies and/or terminal fields were transplanted to the
      anterior chamber of the eye of adult rats. Enkephalin-like immunoreactive neurons
      survive and produce an enkephalin-like immunoreactive fiber network within grafts
      of spinal cord, ventral medulla oblongata, ventrolateral pons, tectum, locus
      coeruleus, substantia nigra and the areas containing columna fornicis and globus
      pallidus. Although single intraocular grafts of neocortex do not apparently
      contain enkephalin-like immunoreactive fibers, such grafts contain a variable
      amount of sparsely distributed enkephalin-like fibers when sequentially grafted
      in oculo with either locus coeruleus or spinal cord. Combinations of locus
      coeruleus and globus pallidus contained a rich enkephalin fiber network in the
      locus coeruleus part and a sparse innervation of the globus pallidus part. We
      conclude that enkephalin-like immunoreactive neurons in small areas of fetal rat
      brain can be successfully transplanted to the anterior chamber of the eye. They
      are able to survive and develop to maturity in complete isolation from the rest
      of the brain. In general, the enkephalin-like immunoreactive fiber density in the
      various single grafts approximated that of their brain counterparts in situ.
      Fiber formation can be reinitiated in mature enkephalin-like immunoreactive
      neurons by addition of new brain target areas. Thus, the technique permits
      establishment of isolated, defined enkephalin systems and pathways accessible to
      functional analysis.

PMID- 6363969
TI  - Immunohistochemical and neurochemical evidence for the presence of serotonin in
      the adrenal medulla of the rat.
AB  - Immunohistochemical and biochemical techniques were used to look for serotonin in
      the adrenal medulla of the rat. Using antibodies to serotonin, noradrenaline and
      adrenaline, it could be shown that the adrenaline-storing cells are highly
      immunoreactive for serotonin. Noradrenaline-storing cells were not stained even
      after administration of the precursors L-tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan, or
      of serotonin itself. Specificity of the immune reaction was studied by both
      absorption and inhibition experiments. Chemical assays showed that rat adrenals
      contain significant amounts of serotonin (1.4 +/- 0.11 micrograms/g wet weight)
      which is about 0.4% of the adrenaline levels. Serotonin could be reduced to about
      10% of control by a high dose of reserpine. From differential and sucrose
      gradient centrifugation experiments it was concluded that serotonin is probably
      stored in granules also containing adrenaline. Administration of 5
      hydroxytryptophan led to a marked increase of the serotonin level, preferentially
      in the granular fraction. This increase could be blocked almost completely by a
      decarboxylase inhibitor. Serotonin administration did not result in a
      statistically significant increase of the serotonin concentration. Serotonin
      levels were not changed either after administration of L-tryptophan or the
      tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor H22/54. These results indicate that there is no
      significant synthesis of serotonin from L-tryptophan. It is suggested that the
      serotonin present in the adrenaline-storing cells is derived from circulating
      serotonin and/or 5-hydroxytryptophan. Serotonin taken up directly from the
      circulation or formed by decarboxylation from 5-hydroxytryptophan is subsequently
      incorporated in the chromaffin granules.

PMID- 6363970
TI  - Cranial dystonia: double-blind crossover study of anticholinergics.
AB  - In patients with cranial dystonia, we compared the effects of central
      anticholinergic, peripheral anticholinergic, and placebo treatments in a double
      blind crossover study. One of the nine patients who completed the study improved
      markedly with central anticholinergic therapy. The three treatments were
      indistinguishable in the other eight patients except for the higher incidence of
      central and peripheral anticholinergic side effects with trihexyphenidyl.

PMID- 6363971
TI  - Myasthenia gravis: difference between thymoma-associated antibodies and cross
      striational skeletal muscle antibodies.
AB  - Serum from 20 of 137 patients (15%) with myasthenia gravis (MG) contained
      antibodies to a citric acid extract (CAE) of skeletal muscle. A thymoma was found
      in all 19 of these patients who were thymectomized. There was no evidence of
      thymoma in patients who did not have CAE antibodies. Serum from 40 of the same
      137 patients (30%) contained antibodies that gave a cross-striational
      immunofluorescent pattern in skeletal muscle. This pattern was seen with serum
      from 16 of the 20 thymoma patients, but also with serum from 24 patients without
      thymoma. The cross-striation antibodies were not absorbed by CAE coated on to
      tanned sheep erythrocytes. Accordingly, antibodies detected in the two tests have
      different specificities.

PMID- 6363972
TI  - Application of electron immunocytochemistry to the study of distribution of
      myelin-associated glycoprotein in the early period of Wallerian degeneration in
      the optic system.

PMID- 6363973
TI  - [Influence of formalin fixation on cultured myocardial cells: a morphometric
      comparison of vital and fixed cells].

PMID- 6363974
TI  - Poorhouses and the origins of the public old age home.
AB  - Public welfare in America--and its often ungainly structures--is as old and as
      varied as the history and social experiences of the last three hundred years. In
      the nineteenth century the poorhouse became the central arch of public welfare
      policy. Even in the twentieth century it did not disappear, but was gradually
      transformed into the public old age home.

PMID- 6363975
TI  - [Importance of monitoring specific antibody serum titers for optimal passive
      immune protection in the tetanic patient].

PMID- 6363976
TI  - [Surgical treatment of malignant melanoma of the skin].

PMID- 6363977
TI  - [Current trends in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of intestinal
      infarct].

PMID- 6363978
TI  - [The role of circular mechanical suturing devices in digestive surgery].

PMID- 6363979
TI  - [Surgical tactics in large laparoceles].

PMID- 6363980
TI  - [New prospects of tissue synthesis in plastic surgery].

PMID- 6363981
TI  - [Control of glucide metabolism in the surgical diabetic patient].

PMID- 6363982
TI  - [Phlegmasia caerulea dolens].

PMID- 6363983
TI  - [Colectomy for ulcerative rectocolitis with the risk of cancer. The need for
      regional lymphadenectomy].

PMID- 6363984
TI  - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of pheochromocytoma. Considerations on 14
      cases].

PMID- 6363985
TI  - [Controlled clinical study on the efficacy of tiropramide hydrochloride in the
      treatment of irritable colon: comparison with octylonium bromide].
AB  - The effectiveness of a new calmodulin-independent spasmolytic, tiropramide
      hydrochloride, and octylonium bromide, an antispasmodic calmodulin-antagonist
      drug, was compared in a controlled trial performed in 60 patients with irritable
      bowel syndrome with spastic pattern. The effect of treatments was assessed
      according to the score reduction of following symptoms: abdominal pain,
      constipation, bloating and dyspepsia. Tiropramide hydrochloride administered at
      the daily dose of 300 mg for 30 days induced a faster and higher improvement than
      that observed during the administration of 120 mg daily of octylonium bromide. On
      3rd and 5th day, treatment with tiropramide induced the relief of abdominal pain
      in a significantly greater percentage of patients (p less than 0.05). Besides, in
      the group of subjects treated with this drug the "pain" score was more markedly
      decreased. Furthermore, at the end of the study 88% of subjects treated with
      tiropramide and 47% with octylonium bromide had normal bowel habits. This
      difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Both treatments are
      effective in reducing dyspeptic symptoms and bloating. We can conclude that
      tiropramide--having a significant antispasmodic effect combined with a regulating
      effect on bowel habits--besides eliminating spasm, would act by synchronizing and
      therefore normalizing the intestinal motility.

PMID- 6363986
TI  - [Medicine through the ages. From biorhythmology to chronobiology].

PMID- 6363988
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of corticotropin-releasing factor-like
      immunoreactivity in the human hypothalamus.
AB  - In order to study the distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor-like
      immunoreactivity (CRF-LI) in the human hypothalamus, an immunocytochemical
      localization of this neurohormone was performed. Using antibodies developed
      against ovine CRF, we have localized CRF-LI in parvicellular neuronal cell bodies
      in the paraventricular nucleus. Immunostained fibers were observed in the median
      eminence, the pituitary stalk and the posterior pituitary. These results suggest
      that immunoreactive material related to ovine CRF is present in the human
      hypothalamus with a distribution similar to that observed in the rat.

PMID- 6363987
TI  - [Acute tubular necrosis after kidney transplantation].

PMID- 6363989
TI  - Long-term culture of neurones from human cerebral cortex in serum-free medium.
AB  - A method for cultivating neurones from the fetal human central nervous system in
      the absence of glial cells is described. Brain cells from 15-18-week-old human
      fetuses are plated on polylysine-coated surfaces and grown in a serum-free
      hormonally-defined medium. About 98% of the cells were identified as neurones
      using tetanus toxin as a marker. The cultures survive for up to 7 weeks and
      develop an extremely complex network of neurites.

PMID- 6363990
TI  - Effect of phosphoramidon - a selective enkephalinase inhibitor - on nociception
      and behaviour.
AB  - Phosphoramidon (100-350 micrograms i.c.v.), a selective enkephalinase inhibitor,
      induced in the rat a decrease of nociception to pressure stimulation without
      evident respiratory depression. In addition, intensive behavioural changes such
      as grooming (licking the fur, face washing and scratching), mounting behaviour
      and wet dog shakes were observed. Naltrexone pretreatment (1 mg/kg i.p.) caused a
      significant decrease in the phosphoramidon-induced nociception and behavioural
      changes. Puromycin (30 micrograms i.c.v. or 7.5 mg/kg i.p.) caused no changes in
      nociception or behaviour.

PMID- 6363991
TI  - Immunochemical and immunohistochemical studies on the specificity of a monoclonal
      antibody to choline acetyltransferase of rat brain.
AB  - Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) preparations partially purified from brains of
      rat, mouse and cat were electrophoresed in polyacrylamide gels and blotted on
      nitrocellulose sheets. A monoclonal antibody, Ab-57, bound specifically to one
      protein band which coincided with the peak of ChAT activity in each species.
      Using Ab-57, ChAT was demonstrated immunohistochemically in cholinergic
      structures in rat, mouse and cat brains. Thus, the specificity and cross-species
      reactivity of the monoclonal antibody Ab-57 have been established.

PMID- 6363993
TI  - The Surgeon General's first report on smoking and health. A challenge to the
      medical profession.

PMID- 6363992
TI  - Alton Ochsner, MD, 1896-1981. He cleared the air.

PMID- 6363994
TI  - A warning against complacency.

PMID- 6363995
TI  - Women and children last? Attitudes toward cigarette smoking and nonsmokers'
      rights, 1971.

PMID- 6363996
TI  - Why Uncle Sam is still smoking.

PMID- 6363997
TI  - The spirit of Chadwick.

PMID- 6363998
TI  - Arthur Suckling--pioneer dental specialist.

PMID- 6363999
TI  - Protein-losing enteropathy following transplantation.

PMID- 6364000
TI  - Samuel J. Coppola. 1984 President of The Dental Society of the State of New York.

PMID- 6364001
TI  - Organ transplants. Part one: Ohio physicians getting involved.

PMID- 6364002
TI  - Government access to books and records of Medicare subcontractors.

PMID- 6364003
TI  - [Dynamic visual acuity].

PMID- 6364005
TI  - Suture technique for implanting the superior notched loop of a posterior chamber
      intraocular lens.
AB  - A suture technique for compressing the superior notched loop of a posterior
      chamber intraocular lens is presented, which will provide controllability, less
      trauma, and no zonular pressure.

PMID- 6364004
TI  - Foreign body giant cells selectively covering haptics of intraocular lens
      implants: indicators of poor toleration?
AB  - A Sputnik lens implant removed after five years because of bullous keratopathy
      exhibits a dense covering of its Supramid anterior staves with large foreign body
      giant cells, while its Prolene loops and Polymethylmethacrylate optics have
      attracted only few of these cell units. The glass-membrane-like component of the
      reactive membrane also shows significant differences on the different parts of
      this implant. The use of observation of the components of reactive membranes on
      lens implants as indicators of toleration in the eye is suggested.

PMID- 6364006
TI  - The effect of donor cornea epithelium removal on the incidence of allograft
      rejection reactions.
AB  - The most frequent cause of human corneal transplant failure is immunologic
      rejection. Surface antigenic determinants on nucleated cells are thought to prime
      the host's immune system for rejection. Greater than 90% of the nucleated cells
      of the cornea reside in the epithelium; therefore, one might expect that host
      sensitization and subsequent graft rejection could be modified by epithelium
      removal prior to transplantation. The major objective of this two-institution
      combined prospective and retrospective clinical study was to determine the effect
      of epithelium removal on the incidence of human corneal allograft rejection
      reaction. A retrospective study of 152 patients showed an incidence of 24.7%
      rejection reactions in patients with epithelium transplanted compared to 7.2% in
      the epithelium-removed group (P = 0.008). In the prospective study of 55
      patients, there was a rejection incidence of 30% in the epithelium-on group
      versus 8.0% with epithelium removed (P = 0.04). The decision to remove graft
      epithelium, however, must be tempered by anticipation of postoperative healing
      problems.

PMID- 6364007
TI  - Hans Pichler: oral surgeon to Sigmund Freud.

PMID- 6364008
TI  - The relationship of lesion size to diagnosis, incidence, and treatment of
      periapical cysts and granulomas.
AB  - The authors have reviewed the literature relevant to diagnosis, incidence, and
      treatment of periapical cysts and granulomas. They suggest that lesion size may
      have a significant influence in all those areas. On the basis of this viewpoint,
      they suggest alternatives to various commonly held assumptions and potential
      solutions to a number of controversial issues.

PMID- 6364009
TI  - The present role of bone graft surgery in treating nonunion.

PMID- 6364010
TI  - Free vascularized bone grafting for large-gap nonunion of long bones.
AB  - In conclusion, vascularized bone grafts provide a useful technique for difficult
      skeletal reconstructive problems. The advantages, indications, and method of this
      technique have been reviewed. The experience of the literature has been
      summarized, and our current experience with microvascular grafting was presented.

PMID- 6364011
TI  - Treatment of congenital and infantile pseudarthrosis of the tibia with pulsing
      electromagnetic fields.
AB  - The management of congenital and infantile pseudarthrosis of the tibia poses
      difficult problems because of the variability in the type and prognosis of the
      lesion and varied response to surgical treatment. Whatever the severity of the
      lesion, the use of pulsed electromagnetic fields can be expected to improve the
      prognosis for union by a factor of at least 20 per cent. In a very few patients,
      usually those with pseudarthrosis presenting later in life, pulsed
      electromagnetic fields alone together with plaster immobilization may be
      sufficient to produce union. In some, partially successful previous surgery may
      be made completely successful by subsequent application of pulsed electromagnetic
      fields. In patients with a fair or good prognosis as regards the type of lesion,
      a combination of surgery and pulsed electromagnetic treatment, some period of
      which may also be given before surgical treatment, gives a moderately high rate
      of success. In the three groups already described, the overall success rate is
      likely to be more than 70 per cent. In lesions with a poor prognosis, or after
      multiple surgical procedures in an older child, a combination of very adequate
      further surgery and pulsed electromagnetic fields can produce union in perhaps 30
      per cent of cases, but it is unwise to commence any treatment if the limb is
      already unacceptably short, if there is gross wasting of the limb with evidence
      of inadequate vascular supply, and/or if the joints of the foot and ankle are
      stiff and associated with deformity. In such cases, the procedure of choice is
      amputation.

PMID- 6364012
TI  - Tissue response to exogenous electromagnetic signals.

PMID- 6364013
TI  - [Development of urology in Hungary between the two world wars].

PMID- 6364014
TI  - [Balanoposthitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes following sexual intercourse].

PMID- 6364015
TI  - [The career of Margaret Sanger and its impact on the family planning movement].

PMID- 6364016
TI  - [Joseph Babinski (1857-1932), one of the pioneers of clinical neurology].

PMID- 6364017
TI  - [The illness of Ferenc Mora. On the 50th anniversary of his death].

PMID- 6364018
TI  - [Anniversaries of great anatomists].

PMID- 6364019
TI  - Advances in pharmacology--the golden age of therapeutics.

PMID- 6364020
TI  - [Ketosis and acetonemia in alcoholic intoxication and the effect of teturam.
      Possible causes and mechanisms of development].

PMID- 6364021
TI  - Roentgenologic findings of the hydrolethalus syndrome.
AB  - The hydrolethalus syndrome is an autosomal recessive malformation syndrome which
      has been recently described in Finland. The name hydrolethalus refers to the main
      findings, namely polyhydramnios, hydrocephalus and lethality. The patients are
      either stillborn or die soon after birth. The typical roentgenologic findings are
      hypoplasia of the tibia associated with the anomalies of the respective bone ray,
      e.g. metatarsus primus varus atavisticus, hallux varus or hallux duplex varus and
      hydrocephalus with extreme micrognathia and a specific midline defect of the
      occipital bone.

PMID- 6364022
TI  - [From the history of Polish pediatric periodicals (1908-1983)].

PMID- 6364023
TI  - [Biochemical evaluation of calcium nutritional requirements].

PMID- 6364024
TI  - Nutritional management of acute diarrhea: an appraisal of the alternatives.
AB  - Whether fasting during an episode of acute diarrhea is necessary or desirable has
      recently been questioned. The principal argument advanced for limited fasting is
      the avoidance of the consequences of malabsorption, namely acidosis, excessive
      fluid losses, depletion of the bile acid pool, and possible mucosal injury from
      unabsorbed foods. Advocates of continued feeding during acute diarrhea suggest
      that the practice will prevent deficits of intakes of protein and calories,
      maintain or stimulate repair of the intestinal mucosa, and sustain breast-feeding
      in the breast-fed infant. There are only a limited number of clinical studies
      that address the issue. Available evidence suggests that, in most cases, current
      practice should be modified to minimize food withdrawal.

PMID- 6364025
TI  - [Psycho-social aspects of pediatric surgery].

PMID- 6364026
TI  - [Standard examination in congenital heart diseases: radiologic evaluation of
      pulmonary circulation].

PMID- 6364027
TI  - [CNS infections in the newborn infant].

PMID- 6364028
TI  - [Genetic, populational, clinical and therapeutic aspects of mucoviscidosis].

PMID- 6364029
TI  - Comparison of cardiotocograms prepared by abdominal electrocardiography and by
      ultrasound cardiography.
AB  - Cardiotocograms were prepared in 127 cases on 120 pregnant women, first by
      abdominal electrocardiography, and immediately afterwards by ultrasound
      cardiography. A study was made to ascertain which method yielded recordings of
      higher quality, and which factors influenced the quality of the cardiotocogram.
      It was found that the proportion of good-quality recordings was higher with
      ultrasound cardiography than with abdominal electrocardiography. The higher
      information content of the latter technique allows a more accurate assessment of
      the cardiotocograms. The recording quality is affected by numerous factors, the
      most important of which are adiposity and the duration of pregnancy. The use of
      abdominal electrocardiography is preferred in case of a thick abdominal wall,
      whereas the ultrasound technique is recommended between the 28th and 36th weeks
      of pregnancy.

PMID- 6364030
TI  - [Controlled trial of intravenous lyophilized indomethacin in the treatment of
      persistent ductus arteriosus in premature infants].
AB  - As a result of randomized assignment, 24 premature infants with symptomatic
      patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were either treated by 0,2 mg I.V. indomethacin
      just after diagnosis (12) or left untreated for 48 hours (12). Clinical,
      radiological, and biological data before trial were remarkably similar. In the 12
      "treated" infants, the DA closed within 4 to 26 hours of the first dose in 8
      cases. In all 12 "non-treated" infants, PDA persisted for at least 48 h, then 10
      infants were treated ad libitum by I.V. (5) or oral (5) indomethacin. Three
      deaths (late) did not appear to be associated with either PDA or treatment. Two
      surgical closures were required (1 in each group). Four spontaneous closures
      occurred after more or less delay: 2 in the 2 never treated infants, and 2 after
      a double failure of I.V. or oral indomethacin. Treatment (even when unsuccessful)
      was usually followed by some water retention and blood dilution, sometimes of
      striking magnitude but always transient. To date, I.V. indomethacin can be given
      earlier than orally and offers slightly better chances for closure of PDA,
      thereby reducing the needs for surgical closure which should be reserved for
      badly tolerated failures of pharmacologic closure.

PMID- 6364031
TI  - [Indications for phenobarbital in neonatal pathology].

PMID- 6364032
TI  - Contributions to the history of psychology: XXXIV. Enrique O. Aragon, a pioneer
      in Mexican psychology.
AB  - Enrique O. Aragon (1880-1942) was a Mexican physician responsible, in great
      measure, for the development of academic psychology in Mexico in the first
      decades of the century. He wrote the first book devoted solely to psychology in
      Mexico, and his founding of the first psychological Wundtian-style laboratory at
      the National University of Mexico was instrumental in the development of
      sufficient academic interest in the discipline to lead to the establishment of a
      university program in psychology as a profession.

PMID- 6364033
TI  - Hand test personality correlates of aging in institutionalized mentally retarded
      adults.
AB  - To investigate the relation of aging and personality in the institutionalized
      mentally retarded the projective Hand Test was administered to 103 mentally
      retarded adults, ranging in age from 18 to 73 yr. (M age = 40.10 yr., SD =
      15.80), residing in a midwestern facility for mentally retarded persons. Partial
      correlation coefficients, with Stanford-Binet IQ as the controlled variable, were
      computed between age and the 23 Hand Test scoring variables. Results indicated
      the personality characteristics of aging mentally retarded persons appeared to
      mirror those for "normal" adults. Implications of results were discussed.

PMID- 6364034
TI  - Some cognitive aspects of meditation practice.
AB  - This article reviews the role of some cognitive factors in practice of
      meditation. It is suggested that more attention should be given to such covert
      aspects of meditation as expectations, attitudes, and imagery, etc. Non
      observable subjective experiences during meditation have not been adequately
      researched.

PMID- 6364035
TI  - Immunoglobulins as targeting agents for liposome encapsulated drugs.
AB  - Recent literature dealing with the immunoglobulin-liposome combination as a tool
      for drug targeting is reviewed. Mechanisms for binding of immunoglobulins to
      liposomes are discussed. Results obtained so far by using this concept both to
      induce specific liposome-cell interactions in in vitro cell cultures and to
      target drug containing liposomes to selected tissues in animal studies are
      evaluated.

PMID- 6364036
TI  - Pyrrolizidine alkaloids, flavonoids and volatile compounds in the genus
      Eupatorium. Eupatorium cannabinum L., an ancient drug with new perspectives.
AB  - Within the scope of a study of antitumour compounds in higher plants a survey is
      given concerning the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, flavonoids and volatile
      compounds in Eupatorium species. Preliminary results of a phytochemical study of
      these compounds in E. cannabinum are also presented. From the results of a GC-MS
      analysis of an alkaloid extract from aerial parts of E. cannabinum the conclusion
      can be drawn, that the composition of pyrrolizidine alkaloids is more complicated
      than reported in literature. This is caused by the fact that different
      stereoisomers exist. The presence of at least two alkaloids with a molecular
      weight of 283 (supinine or isomers) and four alkaloids with a molecular weight of
      299 (echinatine or isomers) could be shown. In subterranean plant material also
      other pyrrolizidine alkaloids are present. A great number of flavonoids, also as
      glycosides, have been shown in Eupatorium species, often in low quantities.
      Rutin, present in many Eupatorium species, could not be detected in subterranean
      parts of E. cannabinum. Relatively little attention has been paid to the analysis
      of volatile compounds (essential oils) of Eupatorium species. Thymol derivatives
      are often reported to be present in Eupatorium species. Thirty-five compounds
      could be detected by means of a GC-MS analysis in the essential oil of E.
      cannabinum about which no literature data were available.

PMID- 6364037
TI  - Correlations between phototoxicity of some 7-chloro-1,4-benzodiazepines and their
      (photo)chemical properties.
AB  - In relation to the phototoxicity of 7-chloro-I,4-benzodiazepine-N-oxides the
      photostability of some of these N-oxides and the thermostability of their
      photoproducts, the oxaziridines, were studied. Rather than a consequence of a
      direct phototoxic effect by the N-oxides the ultimate toxic effect in the test
      system Salmonella typhimurium appeared to be caused by products formed during and
      after the irradiation. For chlordiazepoxide (CDZ) and its main metabolites in man
      desmethylchlordiazepoxide (DES) and demoxepam (DEM) the formation of an
      oxaziridine is indeed a crucial factor for the onset of the toxic effect.
      However, DEM oxaziridine (DEM OX.) being very thermolabile in protic medium forms
      non-toxic conjugates with the solvent. CDZ OX. and DES OX. are thermally
      converted into their N-oxide, although DES OX. partly decomposes into 6-chloro-4
      phenylquinazoline-2-carboxaldehyde as well. This compound proved to be an
      important factor in the toxic action of DES after irradiation.

PMID- 6364038
TI  - [Bone marrow autograft. Current status and perspectives].

PMID- 6364039
TI  - Computer methods to locate signals in nucleic acid sequences.
AB  - This paper describes computer methods for locating signals in nucleic acid
      sequences. The signals include ribosome binding sites, promoter sequences and
      splice junctions. The methods are of use both to those trying to interpret the
      function of newly determined sequences and to those studying the molecular
      mechanisms involved in the recognition of these special signal sequences.

PMID- 6364040
TI  - Graphic methods to determine the function of nucleic acid sequences.
AB  - We describe an interactive computer program (ANALYSEQ) that is used from a simple
      graphics terminal. The main purpose of the program is to determine the function
      of nucleic acid sequences but it also offers the simpler listing, searching and
      counting options. It contains methods to locate genes by looking for the effects
      that coding for a protein has on the coding sequence, to locate tRNA genes by
      looking for secondary structure and conserved bases, and methods to locate
      signals such as promoters. Techniques to identify unusual regions of sequence and
      to search for potential Z DNA-forming regions are also included. Most of the
      routines produce graphical output which gives ease of interpretation and allows
      superposition of several independent forms of analysis.

PMID- 6364041
TI  - Measurements of the effects that coding for a protein has on a DNA sequence and
      their use for finding genes.
AB  - Protein genes can be found either by searching the DNA sequence for signals such
      as ribosome binding sites or by looking for the effects that coding for a protein
      has on the coding sequence. This paper describes how these coding effects can be
      measured and used to detect protein coding regions.

PMID- 6364042
TI  - Escherichia coli promoter sequences predict in vitro RNA polymerase selectivity.
AB  - We describe a simple algorithm for computing a homology score for Escherichia
      coli promoters based on DNA sequence alone. The homology score was related to 31
      values, measured in vitro, of RNA polymerase selectivity, which we define as the
      product KBk2, the apparent second order rate constant for open complex formation.
      We found that promoter strength could be predicted to within a factor of +/-4.1
      in KBk2 over a range of 10(4) in the same parameter. The quantitative evaluation
      was linked to an automated (Apple II) procedure for searching and evaluating
      possible promoters in DNA sequence files.

PMID- 6364043
TI  - A conserved sequence element is present around the transcription initiation site
      for RNA polymerase A in Saccharomycetoideae.
AB  - To identify DNA elements involved in the initiation of rRNA transcription in
      yeast we located the start site of the rRNA operon of Kluyveromyces lactis and
      Hansenula wingei, both members of the Saccharomycetoideae, by S1 nuclease
      analysis and determined the surrounding nucleotide sequences. Comparison of these
      sequences with those of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, S. cerevisiae and S. rosei
      (all belonging to the same yeast subfamily) reveals an identical sequence at the
      site of transcription initiation from position +1 to +7 which is part of a larger
      conserved region extending from position -9 to +23; the conserved heptanucleotide
      sequence is supposed to constitute an important part of the promoter for yeast
      RNA polymerase A. The non-transcribed spacers (NTS) upstream of position -9 have
      diverged strongly with the exception of two short elements around positions -75
      and -135. The external transcribed spacer (ETS) downstream of position +23 is
      largely conserved between K. lactis, S. rosei and S. carlsbergensis except for a
      divergent region around position +75. On the other hand, the ETS of H. wingei has
      diverged significantly.

PMID- 6364044
TI  - The structure and regulation of Escherichia coli glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase.

PMID- 6364045
TI  - Chemical synthesis of a human fibroblast interferon gene and its expression in
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Using the solid phase phosphotriester method, a gene coding for human fibroblast
      interferon consisting of 166 amino acid residues was chemically synthesized. The
      gene obtained by ligation of 61 synthesized oligodeoxyribonucleotide fragments
      was inserted into the downstream of tryptophan promoter, and expressed in E.
      coli. Lysate of this E. coli showed the antiviral activity which was specifically
      neutralized by anti-fibroblast interferon antibody. No particular advantage was
      observed in the expression efficiency by the synthetic gene over that by the
      native gene.

PMID- 6364046
TI  - [Principles of systemic treatment of micro- and macrometastases of malignant
      neoplasms].

PMID- 6364047
TI  - Evaluating computer assisted instruction.

PMID- 6364048
TI  - Computer integration: a challenge for nursing education.

PMID- 6364049
TI  - Step by step.

PMID- 6364050
TI  - Yoga for all.

PMID- 6364052
TI  - Understanding occupational health nursing.

PMID- 6364051
TI  - Nursing education through the ages.

PMID- 6364053
TI  - [Aggression or protection of the gastric mucosa in the pathogenesis of peptic
      ulcer and prostaglandins and the problem of treatment].

PMID- 6364054
TI  - [Computerized tomography in the diagnosis of spinal injuries].

PMID- 6364055
TI  - [Radiographic evaluation of skeletal changes in metaphyseal and vertebro
      metaphyseal osteochondrodysplasias].

PMID- 6364056
TI  - [Use of parametric scintigraphy in the diagnosis of regional disorders of left
      ventricular myocardial contraction].

PMID- 6364057
TI  - [The radiological image of the esophagus during long-term sclerosing therapy of
      esophageal varices].

PMID- 6364058
TI  - [Thin-needle aspiration biopsy of non-palpable abdominal tumors conducted under
      the control of computerized tomography].

PMID- 6364059
TI  - [Usefulness of computerized tomography in acute inflammatory processes in the
      pancreas].

PMID- 6364060
TI  - [Computerized tomography in the evaluation of the degree of progression of cancer
      of the large intestine before and after surgical treatment].

PMID- 6364061
TI  - [Computerized tomography in the diagnosis of suppurative perirenal processes].

PMID- 6364062
TI  - [Evaluation of the results of surgical treatment of ectopic cysts of the vesical
      orifice of the ureter in infants as based on the radiologic examination].

PMID- 6364063
TI  - [Ultrasonic studies in testicular diseases. Preliminary report].

PMID- 6364064
TI  - [Optimal method of pediatric computerized tomography].

PMID- 6364065
TI  - [Post-traumatic dissecting aneurysm of a branch of the renal artery as a cause of
      arterial hypertension].

PMID- 6364067
TI  - Isaac Ray and the development of American psychiatry and the law.
AB  - This article on historical aspects of forensic psychiatry focuses on the work of
      Isaac Ray, the father of American forensic psychiatry and places current issues
      in proper perspective. Dr. Quen, a leading forensic psychiatry historian,
      provides a comprehensive background to this symposium on psychiatry and the law.

PMID- 6364066
TI  - [Iatrogenic diseases after various diagnostic procedures].

PMID- 6364068
TI  - The psychiatrist as expert witness.
AB  - This article discusses the two different types of legal situations involving
      participation by psychiatrists--clinical testimony and forensic expert testimony-
      and presents guidelines and ethical considerations for the psychiatrist
      participating in the criminal justice system.

PMID- 6364069
TI  - Elimination of the exculpatory insanity rule. A modern societal need.
AB  - The author argues that on rational, humanitarian, professional, societal, and
      constitutional grounds, the insanity defense as currently employed in the United
      States should be abolished. This comprehensive article discusses the
      constitutionality of abolition, alternatives to the insanity defense, and much
      more.

PMID- 6364070
TI  - Competency.
AB  - This article examines some of the important criteria for determining both
      criminal and civil aspects of a variety of competency issues including synthetic
      sanity, competency to be executed, amnesia, indices of incompetency, and
      checklists for psychiatrists.

PMID- 6364071
TI  - [Heart neoplasms].

PMID- 6364072
TI  - [Philosophical concept of man and medicine].

PMID- 6364073
TI  - [Acceptance of the views of Hippocrates in Poland against a background of the
      history of medicine].

PMID- 6364074
TI  - Modification of gas-chromatographic method for blood chlorpropamide determination
      and evaluation of its use for clinical and pharmacological purposes.
AB  - A gas-chromatographic method for isolation and determination of blood
      chlorpropamide, described originally in literature [10], was modified and its
      usefulness for clinical and pharmacological purposes evaluated by testing
      fluctuations in blood chlorpropamide concentration with time in healthy subjects
      (control group) and patients with type II diabetes mellitus, in relation to
      glycemia and insulinemia (IRI). In this respect the effects of a single dose and
      of prolonged chlorpropamide therapy were studied. Large individual variability in
      the time-related concentration curves and no statistically significant
      correlation between chlorpropamide, insulin and glycemia were noted.

PMID- 6364075
TI  - Metabolic epidemiology of prostatic cancer.
AB  - A review of the epidemiological evidence indicates that dietary fat very likely
      has an etiologic role in the development of prostatic carcinoma. While this
      effect may be mediated by way of altered hormonal action on the prostate, there
      is little supporting evidence from assays of plasma or urinary hormones in case
      control studies or the investigation of high-risk and low-risk groups. The
      application of metabolic epidemiology to this problem is most likely to succeed
      by direct studies of the prostate gland, and the performance of relevant assays
      on prostatic fluid. Estradiol and estrone levels were found to be higher in
      prostatic fluid than in serum, whereas for prolactin the reverse was true.
      Testosterone concentrations were very low in prostatic fluid, perhaps because of
      the high degree of plasma protein binding. Preliminary data indicated that
      prostatic fluid estradiol and prolactin levels are elevated in some prostate
      cancer patients; estrone levels appear to be normal.

PMID- 6364077
TI  - Rationale for chemotherapeutic approaches to prostate cancer.
AB  - The problems of curing tumors with a low growth fraction with cytotoxic
      chemotherapeutic agents include 1) the fact that such agents attack biochemical
      pathways common and vital to all cells, 2) the existence in a tumor of cells with
      both temporary and permanent resistance to specific agents, and 3) the
      exponential nature of cell kill, which necessitates a much more intensive
      treatment to effect cure than to effect remission. The possible bases for
      selectivity of anticancer drugs include those factors that affect the
      concentration of the active form of the drug at the active site, those that
      affect the drug receptor interaction and those that determine whether this
      interaction will lead to cell death. Possible ways of overcoming resistance
      include combination chemotherapy, more intensive chemotherapy, adjuvant
      chemotherapy, and maneuvers leading to recruitment of cells into cycle. Because
      of tumor cell heterogeneity a different approach may be needed to effect cure
      from that required to induce complete remission.

PMID- 6364076
TI  - Chemotherapy principles in the treatment of prostatic cancer.
AB  - The efficacy of chemotherapy for prostatic cancer is difficult to evaluate owing
      to the low incidence of measurable indicator lesions and the resulting need for
      indirect response criteria. Although complete regressions remain exceptional, a
      number of agents, eg, doxorubicin and cisplatin have been shown to be effective
      in the treatment of this disease. So far, combinations of effective agents with
      or without concomitant hormone therapy have not proven to be more effective than
      single agents. Androgen priming has considerable theoretical appeal and deserves
      further consideration. A higher effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents might be
      obtained by linkage to various carriers. Estramustine phosphate is an example of
      such a complex that has a cytotoxic effect in test systems in which estrogen has
      no effect and in patients with hormone-refractory prostatic cancer. The use of
      hormonal and other carriers that could increase the specificity of
      chemotherapeutic agents deserves extensive exploration.

PMID- 6364078
TI  - [Dengue virus - selected problems].

PMID- 6364079
TI  - [Slow viruses of the nervous system in man and animal. III. Creutzfeldt-Jakob
      syndrome].

PMID- 6364080
TI  - [Non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins].

PMID- 6364081
TI  - The humiliating demise of Lord Randolph Churchill, 1849-1895.

PMID- 6364082
TI  - Diagnostic virology in the community hospital. Extent and options.

PMID- 6364084
TI  - Computer as consultant. Application of artificial intelligence in diagnosis.

PMID- 6364083
TI  - Senile osteoporosis. The effects of exercise.
AB  - The available literature indicates that a high level of physical activity
      throughout life can result in increased skeletal mass during the fourth decade.
      Such a large reservoir of bone mass at midlife may delay the clinical
      manifestations of osteoporosis in later life. Furthermore, the published studies
      of animal models and humans strongly suggest that physical activity retards or
      prevents involutional bone loss in both recently postmenopausal and very elderly
      women.

PMID- 6364085
TI  - The new hospice Medicare benefit. A brief and somewhat irreverent history.

PMID- 6364086
TI  - The pharmacology of cephalexin.
AB  - Cephalexin has an antimicrobial spectrum that includes those pathogens most
      frequently encountered in clinical practice. It is useful in the treatment of
      infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract, skin and soft tissue, and
      the genitourinary tract. It can be administered in relatively high oral doses
      without gastrointestinal irritation, and because it is absorbed high in the
      intestinal tract, it does not disturb the lower bowel flora. Because of its
      stability and chemical configuration, it causes a very low incidence of allergy.
      Cephalexin is not absorbed from the stomach but is totally and rapidly absorbed
      in the upper intestine. Children, because of their greater body water turnover,
      may need higher doses per kilogram than those used in treating adults.
      Distribution to the tissues, other than the spinal fluid and aqueous humour, is
      rapidly achieved. Cephalexin does not penetrate into the host tissue cells, which
      probably accounts for its low incidence of side effects. Binding to human serum
      proteins is low, and there is no measurable destruction or metabolism of
      cephalexin during its sojourn in the body fluids. Cephalexin is rapidly cleared
      from the body by the kidneys. Seventy to 100% of the dose is found in the urine 6
      8 hr after each dose. Concentrations of 500-1000 micrograms/ml of urine follow
      250 to 500 mg oral doses of cephalexin, many times greater than the minimum
      inhibitory concentration for the usual urinary tract pathogens. Patients with
      creatinine clearances less than 30 ml/min require a reduction in cephalexin
      dosage. This reduction should be proportional to the reduced function which may
      be established by determination of creatinine clearance or serum creatinine.

PMID- 6364087
TI  - Cephalexin in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections.
AB  - Cephalexin, a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic, has wide clinical
      application in respiratory infections of children and adults. In pharyngitis and
      tonsillitis due to beta-haemolytic streptococci, it is comparable to penicillin,
      cyclocillin, and cephaloglycin, as measured by clinical response, bacteriological
      cure rate, and incidence of relapse and reinfection. In otitis media, it is
      effective at dosages of 50-100 mg/kg/day except in those infections caused by
      Haemophilus influenzae, in which there is failure in 50% of the cases. In other
      infections of the upper respiratory tract, it appears to be effective except,
      again, in those caused by H. influenzae. Dosages of 1-2 g/day have been used in
      adults and 20-100 mg/kg/day in children. Adverse effects, mostly gastrointestinal
      upsets, rash, and urticaria, have been relatively infrequent and have not
      required discontinuance of the drug.

PMID- 6364088
TI  - Cephalexin in lower respiratory tract infections.
AB  - Cephalexin has had 12 years of extensive clinical usage in the management of
      respiratory tract and other infections. It is reliably absorbed from the
      gastrointestinal tract and reaches therapeutic levels in serum and tissues.
      Toxicity and adverse side effects are minimal. The antimicrobial spectrum
      includes a majority of the pathogens usually associated with community-acquired
      lower respiratory tract infections with the significant exception of Haemophilus
      influenzae. Resistance of H. influenzae strains reduces the uses of cephalexin in
      the paediatric population and may limit its effectiveness in some patients with
      acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. In contrast, it is inordinately
      effective in managing most adult patients with lower respiratory tract
      infections, either as a primary agent, as a substitute for penicillins or other
      antimicrobial agents in patients unable to receive these, or for continuation of
      therapy in individuals who no longer require parenteral compounds. As with other
      cephalosporins, caution should be exercised to exclude meningitis when treating
      patients with respiratory tract infections since the majority of these compounds,
      including cephalexin, produce little or no cerebrospinal fluid levels.

PMID- 6364089
TI  - The role of cephalexin in the treatment of skin and soft-tissue infections.
AB  - Cephalexin remains an effective and highly useful antibiotic for the treatment of
      streptococcal and staphylococcal skin infections. Twelve years of experience have
      not diminished its efficacy, and cure rates of 90% or higher continue to be
      achieved. Its resistance to degradation by gastric acid and its uniform
      absorption ensure its bioavailability, and its efficacy in twice-daily dosages
      enhances medication compliance. The suspension formulation is well accepted by
      young children, and side effects have generally been mild and infrequent.
      Cephalexin is comparable to erythromycin, clindamycin, dicloxacillin,
      cloxacillin, and other cephalosporins in the treatment of streptococcal and
      staphylococcal infections. Because many of these antibiotics are similar in their
      efficacy, palatability, and adverse reactions, cost factors may play an important
      role in choosing one over the other. Penicillin remains the drug of choice for
      streptococcal skin infections. If the cure rates of the mixed streptococcal
      staphylococcal lesions continue to decrease with penicillin, cephalexin and the
      other alternative antibiotics may assume a more important role in the primary
      treatment of these infections in the future.

PMID- 6364090
TI  - A review of the drug events reported by 12,917 patients treated with cephalexin.
AB  - This paper reviews the adverse events reported by 12,917 patients treated with
      cephalexin in formal clinical trials. Six percent of all patients reported
      adverse events, and in 3% the association with the drug was thought to be
      definite or probable. In the remaining 3%, the relationship was uncertain. The
      gastrointestinal system was most commonly involved, with diarrhoea being reported
      by 164 patients. Patients in the upper and lower age ranges reported more events
      than those in the middle range, and most events were reported 6-15 days after
      treatment started. Patients who received cephalexin 4 times a day reported more
      events than those who were treated twice daily. Four hundred and sixty-two
      patients had a known sensitivity to penicillin, and all except 21 of these were
      treated with cephalexin without developing a sensitivity reaction.

PMID- 6364091
TI  - The antimicrobial activity of cephalexin against old and new pathogens.
AB  - The present report reviews the significant in vitro characteristics of cephalexin
      based on data published since 1967 (Wick, 1967). Whenever possible, current data
      on the action spectrum of cephalexin are compared with previous results, and the
      significance of in vitro activity to therapeutic efficacy is evaluated in the
      light of current clinical reports. Recent observations are presented on the in
      vitro action of cephalexin against newly recognized bacterial pathogens, such as
      beta-lactamase-producing Haemophilus influenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis
      (formerly Neisseria catarrhalis). Data are presented on the stability of
      cephalexin to various beta-lactamases. Current information on the types of
      penicillin-binding proteins that interact with cephalexin is briefly noted.
      Finally, consideration is given to the effects of inoculum density on the minimum
      inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of cephalexin. The continued utility
      of the 30 micrograms cephalothin-class disc to predict cephalexin susceptibility
      is emphasized.

PMID- 6364092
TI  - [Secondary cancer of the bronchi. General review apropos of 3 cases].
AB  - The authors report 3 cases of endobronchial metastases of visceral carcinomas
      (kidney, breast, pancreas). With the aid of a review of the 144 cases found in
      the literature, they analyse the characteristics of this special type of
      secondary neoplasm and their diagnostic, physiopathological and therapeutic
      aspects.

PMID- 6364093
TI  - [Multicenter study of a slow-release theophylline: armophylline].
AB  - In a co-operative study involving 10 centres, 95 asthmatic patients were treated
      with Armophylline, a new slow-release theophylline for a period of 1 to 3 months.
      Eighty per cent of the patients receiving the drug in doses of 11 to 15 mg/kg/day
      immediately had adequate blood theophylline levels (7-20 mcg/ml). There was a
      significant decrease in dyspnoea and number of asthmatic attacks and a
      significant increase in FEV1 and FEV1/VC ratio. The drug was usually well
      tolerated. Side-effects, such as insomnia, headache or digestive disorders were,
      as a rule, mild.

PMID- 6364094
TI  - [Overlay denture for the remaining teeth].

PMID- 6364097
TI  - [The Konus telescopic crown for the remaining teeth].

PMID- 6364096
TI  - [OPA attachment for the remaining teeth].

PMID- 6364095
TI  - [Clasps for the remaining teeth].

PMID- 6364098
TI  - [The Konus telescopic crown for the maxilla and root-face attachment for the
      mandible].

PMID- 6364100
TI  - [Denture stability in the partially edentulous jaw].

PMID- 6364099
TI  - [A clasp for the maxillary left canine and 1st premolar and a shortened Konus
      telescopic crown for the mandibular right canine].

PMID- 6364101
TI  - [OPA attachment for the maxilla and a telescopic prosthesis for the mandible].

PMID- 6364102
TI  - [A clasp for the maxilla, stud attachment and two-arm clasp with rest for the
      mandible].

PMID- 6364103
TI  - [Telescopic denture and clasp for the partially edentulous jaw].

PMID- 6364104
TI  - [Partial or complete dentures].

PMID- 6364105
TI  - [Prosthesis designs for the partially edentulous jaw].

PMID- 6364107
TI  - [Problems with anchor teeth and surrounding tissue].

PMID- 6364106
TI  - [Problems with retainers].

PMID- 6364108
TI  - [Partially edentulous jaw--clinical studies].

PMID- 6364109
TI  - [Tissue surrounding the teeth in the partially edentulous jaw].

PMID- 6364110
TI  - [The Konus telescopic crown for the remaining lower left and right quadrant
      canine teeth].

PMID- 6364111
TI  - [The Konus telescopic crown for the remaining upper left quadrant 1st and 2nd
      incisor and canine tooth].

PMID- 6364112
TI  - [RPA clasp for the remaining lower right quadrant 1st and 2nd premolars].

PMID- 6364113
TI  - [Cap clasp for the remaining upper left quadrant 2nd molar].

PMID- 6364114
TI  - [Oral physiotherapy--the bridge and plaque control].

PMID- 6364115
TI  - [The bridge and plaque control: initial preparation].

PMID- 6364116
TI  - [Plaque control and pontic design].

PMID- 6364117
TI  - [Denture designing and plaque control].

PMID- 6364119
TI  - [Dental occlusion: diagnosis and prosthesis design].

PMID- 6364118
TI  - [Abutment design for crown bridges. 1. Handling of equipment and instruments for
      drilling].

PMID- 6364120
TI  - [Dental impression taking with agar-alginates (1)].

PMID- 6364121
TI  - [Precision of dental models taken with agar-alginates].

PMID- 6364122
TI  - [Introduction to milling technics (3)].

PMID- 6364123
TI  - A retrospective study of mid-stream urine specimens.

PMID- 6364124
TI  - Nocturnal enuresis: a study.

PMID- 6364125
TI  - [Plastic embedding of the resected human lung. Use of a new technic].

PMID- 6364126
TI  - [Art and pathology: Joseph Beuys--"show your wound"].

PMID- 6364127
TI  - [Effect of temperature on exoprotease and bacitracin synthesis and sporulation in
      Bacillus licheniformis 28KA].
AB  - By means of physiological experiments the effect of temperatures ranging from 30
      degrees C to 55 degrees C on the synthesis of exoprotease and bacitracin, as well
      as on sporification in Bacillus licheniformis 28KA was studied. The synthesis of
      exoprotease and sporification were found to be less stable to the temperature
      variation than the vegetative growth of the microorganism. The temperature,
      favourable for the maximum yield of then enzyme and spores, is 10 degrees below
      the temperature which is optimal for the growth of the organism (50 degrees C).
      The synthesis of bacitracin is substantially sensitive to the temperature
      variation. The maximum synthesis of the antibiotic was observed at 50 degrees C.
      High concentrations of glucose inhibit the synthesis of the enzyme and
      bacitracin, as well as sporification in Bacillus licheniformis 28KA.

PMID- 6364128
TI  - [Antifungal and antimicrobial activity of beta-ionone and vitamin A derivatives].
AB  - The antifungal and antimicrobic activity of some derivatives of beta-ionon and
      vitamin A was studied. These compounds (citral, pseudo-ionon. beta-ionon aldehyde
      C14, ketone C18 and its derivatives--4,18-diketone, alcohol C18, semicarbazide
      ketone C18), as well as vitamin A and its derivatives--retinal, acetate, retinoic
      acid--differ in composition, structure and substituents of C-atoms in beta-ionon
      ring and in polyenoic chain. Fusarium solani, Botrytis cenerea and Verticillum
      dahliae II, race 447 were used as test organisms when studying the antifungal
      activity. When studying the antimicrobic activity, ketone C18 and alcohol C18
      were tested using the museum strains Staphylococcus aureus 209 P, hemolytic
      Streptococcus pyogenes FF-38, Streptococcus sp. TOM-1606, Micrococcus luteus
      2665, as well as the strains Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pyoderma
      patients. The antifungal activity was determined by inhibition of spore
      germination, and the antimicrobic activity--by the value of areas of growth
      inhibition of the test organisms on the agar medium. All the compounds mentioned
      above possessed the antifungal activity against all the phytopathogenes used. The
      degree of this activity depends on the composition and structure of both the
      cyclic part and polyenoic chain. on the number of conjugated unsaturations,
      substituents and end groups of C-atom. Ketone C18 is the most active one. It
      inhibits spore germination by 100-94% at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to
      0.005% and 24 h exposure, and by 100% at the concentration of 0.1% and 72 h
      exposure. Alcohol C18 possesses almost the same antifungul activity.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6364129
TI  - [Errors in the diagnosis of tuberculosis and nonspecific lung diseases].

PMID- 6364130
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to human urokinase identify the single-chain pro-urokinase
      precursor.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies have been obtained that recognize either the A or B chain
      of human urinary urokinase. These antibodies identify human urokinase-producing
      cells and the product of urokinase mRNA. Anti-urokinase monoclonal antibodies
      precipitate an approximately equal to 54,000-dalton protein synthesized in vitro
      in a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system. This pro-urokinase appears to be the
      precursor of both A and B chains of human urinary urokinase. Urokinase mRNA in
      human kidney constitutes only 0.1% or less of total poly(A)+ RNA.

PMID- 6364131
TI  - Location of amino acid alterations in mutants of aspartate transcarbamoylase:
      Structural aspects of interallelic complementation.
AB  - Recent genetic studies of the pyrB locus of Escherichia coli resulted in the
      characterization of 29 mutant strains harboring defects in the structural gene
      that encodes the catalytic chains of aspartate transcarbamoylase
      (carbamoylphosphate: L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.1.3.2). Three
      alleles, pyrB554, pyrB730, and pyrB748, have been cloned, and their nucleotide
      sequences have been determined along with that of the wild-type pyrBI operon in
      order to locate the sites of the alterations in the catalytic chains. Missense
      mutation pyrB554 leads to replacement of serine-52 by phenylalanine, and the
      inactive mutant enzyme has properties similar to those of wild-type aspartate
      transcarbamoylase. The amber mutation pyrB730 results in unstable truncated
      polypeptide chains 27 amino acids shorter than wild-type chains. Deletion
      mutation pyrB748 causes the removal of 181 amino acids. Combining these results
      with knowledge of the crystallographic structure of the wild-type enzyme provides
      a basis for tentative structural mechanisms for the observed complementation
      behavior of the mutant proteins.

PMID- 6364132
TI  - Identification of a labile protein involved in the G1-to-S transition in
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - The biochemical nature of the start process that commits budding yeast to DNA
      synthesis is not known. Kinetic evidence has suggested recently that short-lived
      protein(s) may have to accumulate to a critical level before the cell cycle may
      progress towards DNA synthesis and cell division. We investigated by high
      resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis whether, in a cdc25-1 mutant strain of
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae that had been blocked at the regulatory step called
      "start" by growth at a restrictive temperature, short-lived proteins are
      synthesized during the recovery of growth at a permissive temperature. Of the
      approximately equal to 500 proteins resolved by the two-dimensional
      electrophoresis, 6 were short-lived. Only one of them (Mr = 100,000, pI
      approximately equal to 4.8-5) appears to be specifically made during the G1-to-S
      transition at start. A regulatory role for cell cycle progression in yeast is
      suggested for this protein, p100.

PMID- 6364133
TI  - RNase III cleavage is obligate for maturation but not for function of Escherichia
      coli pre-23S rRNA.
AB  - RNase III makes the initial cleavages that excise Escherichia coli precursor 16S
      and 23S rRNA from a single large primary transcript. In mutants deficient in
      RNase III, no species cleaved by RNase III are detected and the processing of 23S
      rRNA precursors to form mature 23S rRNA fails entirely. Instead, 50S ribosomes
      are formed with rRNAs up to several hundred nucleotides longer than mature 23S
      rRNA. Unexpectedly, these aberrant subunits function well enough to participate
      in protein synthesis and permit cell growth. Consistent with the inference that
      RNase III cleavages are absolutely required for 23S rRNA maturation, when 50S
      ribosomes from a strain deficient in RNase III were incubated with a ribosome
      free extract from a RNase III+ strain, rRNA species processed by RNase III and
      species with normal mature 23S rRNA termini were produced.

PMID- 6364134
TI  - Evidence for clonal population structure in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Genotypes of 142 K1 isolates of four O serogroups of Escherichia coli from human
      hosts in Europe and the United States were characterized by an electrophoretic
      analysis of allozymic variation in 12 chromosomally encoded enzymes. The genetic
      structure of natural populations revealed by this analysis is closely similar to
      that indicated in earlier studies by Achtman and colleagues of the
      electrophoretic migration pattern for four outer membrane proteins and the
      chemical structure of the cell-wall lipopolysaccharides. The combined evidence
      demonstrates that most of the K1 isolates belong to a small number of
      geographically widespread clones. The distribution of O serogroups among the
      isolates does not consistently correspond to the clonal structure; O1:K1 isolates
      represent at least two distantly related, geographically widespread clones, one
      of which is genetically similar to a clone of the O18:K1 serotype. These findings
      for K1 isolates add to a growing body of evidence supporting the hypothesis that
      the genetic structure of natural populations of E. coli is basically clonal, with
      very limited recombination of chromosomal genes. Clonal structure has important
      implications for the study of the determinants of pathogenicity and disease
      specificity in E. coli.

PMID- 6364135
TI  - Cell surface antigens of human bladder cancer defined by mouse monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - Mouse monoclonal antibodies were obtained by immunization with cultured human
      bladder cancer or lysates of bladder papilloma. They identify 11 distinct
      antigenic systems as defined by serological analysis of cultured cells and
      studies of antigen distribution in normal and neoplastic tissues. The most
      restricted of these antigens, Om5, defines a subset of bladder tumors. Om5 is not
      detected in normal bladder urothelium or in any other normal or malignant tissue.
      T101 and JP165 are also subset markers for bladder cancer that are not detected
      in normal tissues. T16, T43, T87, and J143 (antigens represented on many cultured
      cells) are found in specific areas of the normal urinary tract and in a
      distinctive range of other normal and malignant cell types--e.g., T16 expression
      in pluristratified epithelium of skin, exocervix, and esophagus. T138 antigen is
      also a common feature of cultured cell lines, but its expression in sections of
      normal tissues is restricted to endothelial cells. In contrast, T110 is poorly
      represented on cultured cells but can be detected in culture supernatants.
      Localization of T110 in normal tissues showed that it is a component of the
      extracellular matrix. All determinants detected by this series of antibodies are
      heat labile and not related to A, B, H, I, Lewis blood group antigens. Six of the
      antibodies immunoprecipitated glycoproteins from radiolabeled cell lysates: AbT16
      (Mrs 48,000 and 42,000), AbT87 (Mr 60,000), AbT43 (Mr 85,000), AbJ143 (Mr
      140,000, 120,000, 60,000), AbT43 (Mr 85,000), AbJ143 (Mr 140,000, 120,000, and
      30,000), and AbT110 (Mr 240,000).

PMID- 6364136
TI  - Protective immunization of the squirrel monkey against asexual blood stages of
      Plasmodium falciparum by use of parasite protein fractions.
AB  - We had previously shown that two polypeptides of Plasmodium falciparum are
      preferentially recognized by antibodies of resistant squirrel monkeys Saimiri
      sciureus. Free parasites were isolated from synchronized cultures on human
      erythrocytes initially inoculated with infected Saimiri erythrocytes. Crude
      extracts were prepared from mature schizont stages and electrophoresed on
      preparative NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gels. Two groups of five monkeys were
      immunized with protein fractions eluted from the 75- and 100-kilodalton regions
      of the gels. Strong protection against challenge by the homologous strain of P.
      falciparum was induced in both groups. Analysis of specific anti-malarial
      antibodies revealed a homogeneous response of all the animals against a few
      polypeptides of the mature parasite.

PMID- 6364137
TI  - Two antigenically related neuronal cell adhesion molecules of different
      specificities mediate neuron-neuron and neuron-glia adhesion.
AB  - Previous studies in this laboratory have led to the identification of the neural
      cell adhesion molecule, N-CAM, a homophilic ligand that mediates adhesion between
      neurons as well as between neurons and striated muscle precursors. By means of a
      similar immunological approach but with different assays, we have now identified
      a cell adhesion molecule on neurons (Ng-CAM) that mediates the heterotypic
      adhesion between neuronal membranes and glial cells. In this paper, we compare
      certain aspects of the structure and function of Ng-CAM and embryonic N-CAM from
      the chicken. Ng-CAM was localized by specific antibodies on neurons but not on
      glia, and double-staining methods showed that individual neurons contained both
      Ng-CAM and N-CAM. Embryonic Ng-CAM migrates primarily as a single component of Mr
      135,000; its apparent Mr shifted to 127,000 after neuraminidase treatment. In
      contrast, the embryonic form of N-CAM migrates on NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gels in
      the apparent Mr range of 200,000-250,000; after neuraminidase treatment, N-CAM
      migrates as two components of Mr 170,000 and Mr 140,000. Although both Ng-CAM and
      N-CAM have calcium-independent binding mechanisms, immunologically based cell
      adhesion assays suggested that they have different specificities in mediating
      cell adhesion. Whereas 0.25 micrograms of Ng-CAM partially neutralized the
      ability of 0.5 mg of polyspecific antineural Fab' fragments to inhibit the
      heterotypic binding of neuronal membrane vesicles to glial cells and larger
      amounts of Ng-CAM completely neutralized this inhibition, 20 micrograms of N-CAM
      had no neutralization activity in this assay. Reciprocally, 0.25 micrograms of N
      CAM partially neutralized the ability of 0.5 mg of the same Fab' fragments to
      inhibit the direct homotypic aggregation of neuronal cells, but 20 micrograms of
      Ng-CAM had no detectable activity. Although peptide maps of the two cell adhesion
      molecules differed considerably and despite the differences in binding
      specificity of these molecules, two independently derived monoclonal antibodies
      were found to crossreact with both Ng-CAM and N-CAM. Therefore, these different
      neuronal cell adhesion molecules with distinct binding specificities share at
      least one antigenic determinant, raising the possibility that they arose from a
      common evolutionary precursor.

PMID- 6364138
TI  - Synthesis of peptides related to the prosegment of mouse submaxillary gland renin
      precursor: an approach to renin inhibitors.
AB  - The complete sequence of the structural gene coding for mouse submaxillary gland
      renin was recently reported and the amino acid sequence of preprorenin was
      deduced. This sequence includes a 45-amino acid peptide that corresponds to the
      prosegment of the renin precursor. To investigate whether peptides related to the
      renin prosegment are able to inhibit renin activity, we have synthesized four
      peptides having the following structures: Arg-Ile-Pro-OMe, butyloxycarbonyl(Boc)
      Leu-Lys-Lys-Met-Pro-OMe, Boc-Arg-Ile-Pro-Leu-Lys-Lys-Met-Pro-OMe, and Boc-Glu-Arg
      Ile-Pro-Leu-Lys-Lys-Met-Pro-OMe (corresponding to amino acids 12-14, 15-19, 12
      19, and 11-19, respectively, of the renin prosegment). All four peptides were
      found to inhibit the activity of pure mouse submaxillary renin on a porcine
      synthetic tetra-decapeptide in vitro, and the most potent inhibitors exhibited
      IC50 values in the micromolar range. Enzymatic kinetic studies carried out using
      peptide 15-19 showed an uncompetitive or a mixed type of inhibition with a Ki
      value of 2.3 X 10(-6) M at 37 degrees C in 0.5 M citrate/phosphate buffer (pH
      6.0).

PMID- 6364139
TI  - Effects of temperature on the degradation of proteins in rabbit reticulocyte
      lysates and after injection into HeLa cells.
AB  - Bovine serum albumin, pyruvate kinase, hemoglobin, and the Fc fragment of IgG
      were labeled and introduced into HeLa cells by erythrocyte-mediated
      microinjection. Degradation of the injected proteins was then measured in cells
      cultured at temperatures between 6 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Arrhenius plots
      revealed a constant Ea of 27 +/- 5 kcal/mol over this temperature interval.
      Similarly, the apparent Ea for the degradation of long-term endogenously labeled
      HeLa proteins was 22-26 kcal/mol. Both local protein unfolding and proteolysis by
      defined enzymes, such as trypsin or papain, proceed with EaS between 5 and 15
      kcal/mol. The 2-fold higher values obtained in this study indicate that protein
      unfolding or simple proteolysis is not rate limiting in the degradation of
      injected or long-lived endogenous HeLa proteins. Moreover, the relatively uniform
      EaS suggest that a similar biochemical event is rate limiting in the degradation
      of a specific protein independent of its half-life. This event may involve a
      reaction in the ATP-dependent proteolytic pathway from rabbit reticulocyte
      lysates because we observed that EaS for ATP-dependent proteolysis in this system
      were also 27 +/- 5 kcal/mol.

PMID- 6364140
TI  - Nuclease protection analysis of ribonucleoprotein complexes: use of the cytotoxic
      ribonuclease alpha-sarcin to determine the binding sites for Escherichia coli
      ribosomal proteins L5, L18, and L25 on 5S rRNA.
AB  - A rapid and convenient method has been devised to determine the binding sites for
      proteins on RNA. The procedure is an adaptation of one used to map DNA-protein
      complexes by protection against nuclease digestion. The method uses the cytotoxic
      ribonuclease alpha-sarcin, which hydrolyzes purines in both single- and double
      stranded regions of RNA. It has been authenticated by confirming the binding
      sites for the Escherichia coli ribosomal proteins L18 and L25 on 5S rRNA and its
      value has been established by identifying the attachment site for protein L5. The
      procedure should be useful for the analysis of other ribonucleoprotein complexes.

PMID- 6364142
TI  - tRNAMetf2 gene in the leader region of the nusA operon in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The promoter-proximal portion of the operon containing the Escherichia coli nusA
      gene has been cloned. Its nucleotide sequence shows that genes for tRNAMetf2 and
      a 15-kilodalton protein of unknown function precede the nusA protein gene. The
      sequence suggests that the three genes form a single transcription unit.
      Consistent with this hypothesis, purified RNA polymerase formed full-length
      transcripts on the cloned DNA in vitro, although transcription was frequently
      arrested at the intercistronic site(s) between the gene for tRNAMetf2 and the 15
      kilodalton protein.

PMID- 6364141
TI  - Primary structure and transcription of an amplified genetic locus: the CUP1 locus
      of yeast.
AB  - Copper resistance in yeast is controlled by the CUP1 locus. The level of
      resistance is proportional to the copy number of this locus, which can be found
      in up to 15 tandemly iterated copies. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms
      controlling the amplification and expression of the CUP1, locus, we determined
      its full nucleotide sequence. We have also identified and mapped two
      transcription units within the basic amplification unit of CUP1 in laboratory
      yeast strains. One of those transcription units is inducible by copper and
      encodes a low molecular weight copper binding protein--copper chelatin. The
      increased production of chelatin, due to both gene amplification and induction of
      transcription, leads to increased resistance of yeast cells to copper ions.

PMID- 6364145
TI  - Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Membership directory.

PMID- 6364144
TI  - Pronounced structural similarities between the small subunit ribosomal RNA genes
      of wheat mitochondria and Escherichia coli.
AB  - We present here the nucleotide sequence of the small subunit (18S) rRNA gene from
      wheat mitochondria. Aside from five discrete variable domains, this gene and the
      analogous (16S) rRNA gene in Escherichia coli show essentially a one-to-one
      correspondence in their potential secondary structures, with regions accounting
      for 86% of the bacterial 16S rRNA having a strict secondary structure counterpart
      in the mitochondrial 18S rRNA. Primary sequence identity between the two rRNAs
      ranges from 73% to 85% (76% overall) within regions of conserved secondary
      structure. Within a smaller secondary structure core common to all small subunit
      rRNAs, the wheat mitochondrial sequence shares substantially more primary
      sequence identity with the E. coli (eubacterial) sequence (88%) than with the
      small subunit rRNA sequences of Halobacterium volcanii (an archaebacterium) (71%)
      or Xenopus laevis cytoplasm (61%). Moreover, the wheat mitochondrial sequence
      contains a very high proportion of certain lineage-specific residues that
      distinguish eubacterial/plastid 16S rRNAs from archaebacterial 16S and eukaryotic
      cytoplasmic 18S rRNAs. These data establish that the ancestry of the wheat
      mitochondrial 18S rRNA gene can be traced directly and specifically to the
      eubacterial primary kingdom, and the data provide compelling support for a
      relatively recent xenogenous (endosymbiotic) origin of plant mitochondria from
      eubacteria-like organisms.

PMID- 6364143
TI  - Protein HU in the enzymatic replication of the chromosomal origin of Escherichia
      coli.
AB  - A protein that stimulates the enzymatic replication of duplex DNAs of recombinant
      phages and plasmids bearing the Escherichia coli origin of replication (oriC) has
      been isolated from an extract of E. coli. The isolated protein and the well-known
      protein HU, a histone-like DNA-binding protein, have identical polypeptide
      molecular weights and saturate the oriC replication assay at less than 40 dimers
      per template DNA circle. This level is one-tenth that needed to coat the
      template. Protein HU from the blue-green alga Anabaena is similarly active.
      Antibody specific for protein HU from E. coli inhibits replication promoted both
      by the reconstituted system and by a crude enzyme extract; in both assays,
      activity is restored by excess of the isolated protein. Cells lysed in 1 M KCl
      yield 32,000 dimers of the protein per cell, a number consistent with the
      reported abundance of HU. These data establish the identity of the isolated
      factor and protein HU and provide an indication of a function for HU in
      replication.

PMID- 6364146
TI  - Pneumococcal vaccine: a tool for the evaluation of the B-cell function of the
      immune system.

PMID- 6364147
TI  - Effect of hepatitis A virus infection on cell metabolism in vitro.
AB  - Hepatitis A virus (HAV), when inoculated into cultures of the PLC/PRF/5 cell line
      which produces the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBsAg), showed growth
      characteristics different from those of other picornaviruses. Antigen of HAV
      (HAAg) is expressed only about 10 days after infection. No major impact on the
      overall macromolecular biosynthesis of the host cells is observed. The growth
      rate of HAV-infected and uninfected cells was comparable, although the plating
      efficiency of infected cells was lower. Different hormonal factors were tested
      for their ability to stimulate viral antigen expression. Dexamethasone or
      prostaglandin E1 added to the culture medium increased HAAg expression; insulin
      reduced expression. Persistent infection of hepatoma cells by HAV never led to a
      cytolytic infection. In temperature-shift experiments, an adverse effect on the
      expression of HAAg and HBsAg was observed. In all experiments, the amounts of
      HBsAg in HAV-infected cells were reduced. On the whole, no major influence on
      host-cell metabolism is observed in cells persistently infected with HAV. Cell
      mediated immunological response as a mechanism of pathological changes in HAV
      infected liver is, therefore, more likely than a cytopathological effect.

PMID- 6364148
TI  - The ontogeny of neurochemical systems for control of feeding and drinking.

PMID- 6364149
TI  - Tactile and nutritional aspects of maternal care: specific regulators of
      neuroendocrine function and cellular development.

PMID- 6364150
TI  - Cardiovascular and renin responses to vanadate in the conscious dog: attenuation
      after calcium channel blockade.
AB  - The effects of vanadate on cardiovascular function and on the secretion of renin
      and vasopressin were investigated by infusing sodium orthovanadate (0.32 mu
      mole/kg X min) intravenously into five conscious dogs. Vanadate caused
      significant increases in mean arterial pressure, total peripheral resistance,
      pulmonary arterial pressure, and cardiac output. These data illustrate that the
      hemodynamic effects of vanadate in the conscious dog are similar to those of the
      anesthetized dog but that minor differences do exist. Vanadate significantly
      suppressed plasma renin activity, but plasma vasopressin was unchanged. The
      effects of vanadate also were investigated in the same dogs on another day after
      administration of the calcium channel blocker, verapamil (0.3 mg/kg bolus + 0.01
      mg/kg X min). After calcium channel blockade, the increases in arterial pressure
      and pulmonary arterial pressure induced by vanadate were attenuated, and cardiac
      output did not increase. Calcium channel blockade also prevented the vanadate
      induced decrease in plasma renin activity. These data suggest that the
      cardiovascular and humoral alterations produced by vanadate in the conscious dog
      are at least partially mediated by changes in intracellular calcium.

PMID- 6364151
TI  - Circadian temperature rhythm and circadian-circaseptan (about 7-day) aspects of
      murine death from malaria.
AB  - About-7-day (circaseptan) and circadian rhythms were sought and found in host
      parasite relations of mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Five inbred male DBA
      mice, about 18 weeks of age, were implanted with transsensors for temperature
      telemetry. Core temperature, monitored every 10 min for 3 days before the
      intravenous or intraperitoneal inoculation of 10(5) infected erythrocytes and
      thereafter until death, was analyzed by cosinor. A statistically highly
      significant circadian rhythm exhibited similarly synchronized acrophases. Core
      temperatures on the days immediately after malarial infection were mostly within
      the range of temperatures observed before injection. A mesor-hypothermic stage
      preceded death by several days. In a second study, 24 male BALB/c and 42 male DBA
      mice, 12 weeks of age, housed in three rooms on different regimens of light and
      darkness (alternating at 12-hr intervals), staggered by 8 hr, were inoculated ip
      with 10(4) infected erythrocytes, one-half at noon, the other half at midnight,
      within 0.5 hr of blood withdrawal. Thus, one endeavored to cover six circadian
      host stages (02, 06, 10, 14, 18, and 22 hr after light-on). At 54 and 51% overall
      mortality (irrespective of inoculation time), a circadian rhythm in
      susceptibility to malaria was demonstrated in these mice by the single cosinor
      fit of a 24-hr period (P less than 0.003 and less than 0.020, respectively). The
      single cosinor fit of a 7-day period further demonstrated a circaseptan rhythm (P
      = 0.014) in the mortality of both strains following the inoculation of P.
      berghei. The acrophase (360 degrees = 168 hr) was at -325 degrees from the
      inoculation time with 95% confidence limits extending from -276 to -378 degrees.
      Such predictable time relations of P. berghei to its murine host await the
      exploration of mechanisms underlying the circadian and infradian (7-day)
      rhythmicities here demonstrated and quantified with their uncertainties.
      Irrespective of mechanisms, information on such periodicities may also guide
      attempts to optimize treatment by timing according to the interactions of
      plasmodial virulence and host resistance that remain to be quantified separately.

PMID- 6364152
TI  - Circadian rhythms of alcohol dehydrogenase and MEOS in the rat.
AB  - The circadian peak in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity fell near the time of
      maximal blood ethanol clearance rates both in groups of rats injected with a
      single ethanol dose (acute group) and in rats continuously exposed to ethanol for
      22 weeks (chronic group). However, at all timepoints investigated ADH activity
      levels were lower and fluctuated less in the chronic group than in either the
      acute or control (ethanol naive) groups. In contrast, activity levels of the
      microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) revealed a prominent rhythm that was
      180 degrees out of phase with the ADH rhythm in the chronic group, while MEOS
      activity showed very low levels in the acute and control groups and did not vary
      over the circadian span.

PMID- 6364153
TI  - Antibody-mediated enhancement of dengue virus infection in mouse macrophage cell
      lines, Mk1 and Mm1.
AB  - Antibody-mediated enhancement of dengue type 2 virus (D2V) replication in murine
      macrophage cell lines (Mk1 and Mm1) was studied. While both Mk1 and Mm1 supported
      D2V replication in the absence of enhancing antibodies, virus production was
      enhanced when both cell lines were inoculated with D2V in the presence of dengue
      type 1 virus (D1V)-hyperimmune rabbit IgG, D1V-hyperimmune mouse ascitic fluids,
      or D2V-hyperimmune mouse ascitic fluids at subneutralizing concentrations. The
      enhancement ratios were greater in Mk1 than in Mm1. Type-specific neutralizing
      monoclonal anti-D2V antibody also mediated D2V replication enhancement in Mk1 to
      the same extent as mediated by three other enhancing antibodies described above.
      In contrast, however, the same monoclonal antibody mediated only a slight and
      smaller magnitude of D2V replication enhancement in Mm1 than did the other
      enhancing antibodies. Fluorescent antibody observations revealed that virus
      replication enhancement in both Mk1 and Mm1 was due primarily to an increase in
      the numbers of virus-infected cells. D2V infection enhancement in Mk1 by the anti
      D2V mouse ascitic fluids at a dilution showing nearly 50% plaque-reduction
      activity was markedly suppressed by addition of complement to the inocula,
      whereas that by the monoclonal antibody, which has been identified as mouse IgG1,
      was not. Phagocytoses of tritiated thymidine-labeled bacteria by Mk1 and Mm1 were
      also enhanced when the bacteria had been opsonized with antibody. The
      phagocytosis enhancement ratios were again greater in Mk1 than in Mm1.

PMID- 6364155
TI  - Pharmacogenetics of methyl conjugation.

PMID- 6364154
TI  - Teratology testing: I. Development and status of short-term prescreens. II.
      Biotransformation of teratogens as studied in whole embryo culture.
AB  - The development and role of short-term prescreening tests have been described and
      discussed in the first section. In the second section we have summarized the
      results of studies of the biotransformation and bioactivation of teratogens in a
      whole embryo culture system. The effect of adding a hepatic monooxygenase with or
      without cofactors or inhibitors gives information on the phase I bioactivation of
      teratogens. The growth retardation and defect rate can be correlated with the
      concentration of teratogen added. Four teratogens (cyclophosphamide,
      chlorambucil, rifampicin, and 2-acetylaminofluorene) were bioactivated in vitro
      by a liver monooxygenase system; one (cytochalasin D) was inactivated and seven
      others were active without bioactivation. Those that were active without
      bioactivation were sodium salicylate, niridazole, phosphoramide mustard,
      acrolein, 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, 4-ketocyclophosphamide, ethanol, and
      acetaldehyde. These results establish that biotransformational variables must be
      considered if mass-screening programs are to have any validity.

PMID- 6364157
TI  - Antiviral drugs: where do we stand in 1982?

PMID- 6364156
TI  - Developmental and pharmacological aspects of attention deficit disorder (ADD).

PMID- 6364158
TI  - Perinatal pharmacology.

PMID- 6364159
TI  - The role of chloramphenicol in pediatric therapy.

PMID- 6364160
TI  - Prostacyclin production and lung endothelial cell shear stress.

PMID- 6364161
TI  - Leukotrienes in the lung circulation: actions and interactions.

PMID- 6364162
TI  - Hypoxia research in China: an overview.

PMID- 6364163
TI  - The effect of hypoxia on the fetal respiratory system.

PMID- 6364164
TI  - D. Bruce Dill.

PMID- 6364165
TI  - International high altitude expedition to Chile, 1935.

PMID- 6364166
TI  - Ulrich C. Luft.

PMID- 6364167
TI  - Nanga Parbat, 1937-38.

PMID- 6364168
TI  - The pressure chamber revisited. A look at the past.

PMID- 6364169
TI  - Muscle performance and fatigue: overview.

PMID- 6364170
TI  - Energy metabolism in muscle.

PMID- 6364171
TI  - How can oxygen availability affect metabolism and how does it affect sugar
      transport?

PMID- 6364172
TI  - Respiratory control in early life: an overview.

PMID- 6364173
TI  - Metabolism and nutrition at altitude.

PMID- 6364174
TI  - The hormonal responses to exercise at sea level and at altitude.

PMID- 6364175
TI  - Breath hold diving mammals.

PMID- 6364177
TI  - Postnatal maturation of the ventilatory response to hypoxia.

PMID- 6364176
TI  - Perspectives on functional adaptation of the high altitude native.
AB  - The major physiological processes that enable humans to attain a complete
      acclimatization to high altitude are briefly reviewed. The available data
      indicate that: (a) complete acclimatization to high altitude is associated with
      changes of environmentally modifiable functional traits such as lung volume but
      not associated with the expression of genetically controlled features such as
      chest size; (b) as judged by measurements of maximal aerobic power, the high
      altitude native has attained at high altitude an adaptation that is comparable to
      that attained by the low altitude native at sea level; the available information
      suggests that such adaptation is acquired through growth and development in an
      hypoxic environment; at present, however, we do not know the developmental
      modifications that occur within each component of the oxygen transport system,
      such as ventilation, pulmonary diffusion, and oxygen transport, that enable a sea
      level native to attain a complete functional adaptation to high altitude; and (c)
      at comparable altitudes among high altitude natives, there are some inter
      regional differences in hemopoietic response, so that the samples derived from
      mining regions of the Andes are characterized by higher hemoglobin concentration
      than those derived from non-mining areas or the Himalayas. The source of these
      differences remains to be investigated.

PMID- 6364179
TI  - Everest then and now.

PMID- 6364178
TI  - Everest without oxygen.

PMID- 6364180
TI  - Ventilatory regulation in hypoxic sleep: introduction.

PMID- 6364181
TI  - Neurophysiology of sleep.

PMID- 6364182
TI  - Obstructive sleep apnea.

PMID- 6364184
TI  - More on Burt Green Wilder at Cornell.

PMID- 6364183
TI  - Functional mapping of cardiovascular reflexes and the heart using 2
      [14C]deoxyglucose.

PMID- 6364185
TI  - Pitts and urine acidification.

PMID- 6364186
TI  - Department of Physiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine.

PMID- 6364187
TI  - Regulation of cell volume and electrolytes: a computer-assisted instruction
      program.

PMID- 6364188
TI  - Hormonal regulation of female proceptivity and its influence on male sexual
      preference in rats.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted that assessed the effect of varying levels of
      female proceptive/attractive behaviors on male sexual preferences in sexually
      experienced rats. In Experiment 1, adult ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats were
      brought into behavioral estrus by a combination of estradiol-17 beta-benzoate
      (EB) (4 micrograms) and progesterone (500 micrograms). In addition, females
      received an injection of either the anti-estrogen CI-628 (1 mg) or the control
      vehicle (10% ethanol) only. In tests for sexual responsiveness, CI-628 caused a 3
      to 4 fold decline in proceptive behavior along with a small but significant
      decline in receptivity. When individual males were placed in a testing arena with
      a pair of receptive females, only one of which received CI-628, males displayed a
      preference for the control-group females, as measured by overall copulatory rate.
      However, males did not display a consistent preference towards females of either
      treatment, as measured by choice of female for ejaculation. Similarly, there were
      no significant correlations between female proceptive behaviors and either
      overall copulatory rate or ejaculation. In Experiment 2, females came into
      behavioral estrus after being given four daily injections of EB followed by
      either a single injection of progesterone or just the oil vehicle. The absence of
      progesterone caused a significant decline in receptivity and almost entirely
      eliminated proceptive behaviors. When males were tested with a pair of females,
      only one of which received progesterone, males preferred the progesterone
      injected female as measured by overall copulatory rate. However, similar to
      Experiment 1, no consistent preferences were evident when measured by using
      choice of female for ejaculation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6364189
TI  - Short photoperiods reduce winter energy requirements of the meadow vole, Microtus
      pennsylvanicus.
AB  - Adult male voles were maintained for 10 weeks in long or short photoperiods (14
      or 10 hr light/day) at 23 degrees C and then for 6 days at 10 degrees C. Short
      photoperiod voles weighed approximately 20% less and consumed 36% and 42% fewer
      calories than did long-day animals at 23 degrees C and 10 degrees C,
      respectively. Relative energy intake (kcal/g body mass) was lower for short-than
      long-day voles at 10 degrees C. Short-day animals gathered more nesting material
      than their long-day counterparts at both ambient temperatures. Absolute as well
      as relative wet weights of interscapular brown adipose tissue were reduced in
      short-day voles and their testes were regressed. Two types of dorsal pelage hairs
      were longer in short- than in long-day voles; a dense undergrowth of light gray
      hairs, present in all short-day voles, was completely absent or only sparsely
      represented in the pelage of long-day animals. Photoperiod is a major proximate
      factor mediating winter adaptations of meadow voles: By decreasing body mass and
      reducing food requirements, short photoperiods presumably diminish winter
      foraging activity and energy devoted to thermoregulation. Increases in nest
      building activity, growth of a winter pelage, and testicular regression are other
      changes induced by short daylengths that facilitate survival of over-wintering
      voles.

PMID- 6364190
TI  - A positioning fixture for L-shaped rotating undercutting microknives.
AB  - A simple, inexpensive device which controls the insertion, positioning and
      withdrawal of cortical undercutting microkinives is described. The device aids
      the "rolling" insertion of an L-shaped microknife which produces a minimum amount
      of overlying tissue damage while it holds the knife steady during undercutting
      and allows the blade to be withdrawn by way of the same track through which it
      was inserted.

PMID- 6364191
TI  - [Diabetes and pregnancy].

PMID- 6364192
TI  - A histologic comparison of experimental microarterial end-in-end (sleeve) and end
      to-end anastomoses.
AB  - Twenty-five microvascular end-in-end and 21 end-to-end anastomoses were performed
      on the central arteries (diameters 0.8 to 1.2 mm) of rabbit ears. The appearance
      of longitudinal specimens taken after intervals of 1 to 2 hours and 1, 3, 7, 14,
      30, and 90 days was studied microscopically. Between 1 to 2 hours and 14 days,
      all end-in-end anastamoses showed considerable narrowing of the telescoped
      segment, and platelets had accumulated at the sleeved vessel end. The vascular
      walls of the telescoped segment were thickened distally, and the internal elastic
      laminas were folded in the lingitudinal direction due to contraction. Extensive
      loss of endothelium was observed both around sutures and distally in the
      telescoped segments. The stenosis initially noted in telescoped vessels gradually
      decreased due to atrophy of the medial layers in the double vascular walls.
      Following the organization of the platelet aggregates, subsequent
      endothelialization was completed between 7 and 14 days. After 2 weeks, neointimal
      hyperplasia was frequently found at the sleeved vessel end. In the early
      postoperative period, platelets covered exposed subendothelial structures and
      sealed defects in the vessel walls of all end-to-end anastomoses. During the
      first few postoperative weeks, the medial layers disintegrated and were replaced
      by increasing fibrosis. Reendothelialization was completed between 7 and 14 days,
      whereafter gradual intimal hyperplasia became significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6364193
TI  - Closure of large spina bifida cystica defects with bilateral bipedicled
      musculocutaneous flaps.
AB  - A report of 19 cases of large spina bifida cystica defects closed with bilateral
      bipedicled latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flaps is presented. This procedure
      offers a distinct advantage over other procedures used currently: (1) any large
      defect in the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral area can be repaired without tension;
      (2) the flaps have good blood supply; (3) they require no delay, and operative
      time and blood loss are minimized; and (4) excellent results have been obtained
      using this safe, predictable technique with a minimum of complications.

PMID- 6364194
TI  - Gatewood and the first thenar pedicle.

PMID- 6364195
TI  - Body-mind sculpture: battle of the titans.

PMID- 6364196
TI  - Mental illness and rehabilitation in early nineteenth-century Ireland: the case
      of Charles Stock.
AB  - The case of a sixteen-year-old youth is presented on the basis of correspondence
      over the years 1806 to 1813. His initial breakdown was probably due to
      hebephrenic schizophrenia, but clinical detail is defective and the evidence is
      chiefly about the difficulties of recovery and rehabilitation. The case is
      discussed in relation to the treatment he received and against the background of
      provision for insanity and psychiatric methods and ideas in Ireland during the
      period.

PMID- 6364197
TI  - Clinical trial design: the neglected problem of asymmetrical transfer in cross
      over trials.
AB  - The paper illustrates drawbacks of the popular cross-over design in clinical
      trials in psychiatry where treatment effects become distorted by, and confounded
      with, the effects of their order of administration. It is argued that research
      workers should analyse data from cross-over trials for asymmetries due to order
      of treatment and seriously doubt the reliability of data if such effects are
      found. The problem is avoided by the use of separate-groups designs.

PMID- 6364198
TI  - Cellular radiation effects and hyperthermia cell cycle kinetics of radiation
      sensitive mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae after X-irradiation and
      hyperthermia.
AB  - Radiosensitive mutants rad2, rad9, and rad51 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were X
      irradiated with 120 Gy or 60 Gy, heated at 50 degrees C for 30 min or treated
      with a combination of both and incubated in nutrient medium at 30 degrees C. Cell
      number, percentage of budding cells, and cell cycle progression were determined
      in 45-min intervals. Cell cycle kinetics were investigated by flow
      cytofluorometry. Hyperthermia leads mainly to a lengthening of G1, whereas X-rays
      arrest cells of the rad2 and rad9 mutant in G2 and the rad51--mutant additionaly
      in a state with DNA contents above G2. Cell division delay is influenced by
      oxygen in all strains but to a lesser extent in the rad2 mutant. The effect of
      the combined treatment appears to be merely additive in the rad2 and rad9 mutant
      while the rad51 mutant is sensitized to X-irradiation by hyperthermia. No
      selective action of hyperthermia on hypoxic cells was found.

PMID- 6364199
TI  - Radiobiological effect of heparin in Swiss mice, human amnion cells and E. coli
      B/r irradiated with Co60 gamma-rays.
AB  - The radiobiological action of Heparin was investigated using the test systems E.
      Coli B/r, Human Amnion (HA) cells and Swiss mice. The Heparin treatment of these
      systems effected following changes in their response towards irradiation with
      Co60 gamma-rays: (a) more sensitization of E. coli B/r in hypoxic than in oxic
      condition, (b) no significant modification for HA cells in oxic condition but
      their sensitization under hypoxia, (c) larger recovery of anodic electrophoretic
      mobility of irradiated HA cells, (d) increased life span and smaller reduction in
      the splenic and thymus weights of irradiated Swiss mice. It seems, therefore,
      that Heparin, a natural molecule of animal world, possesses the potentiality to
      modify radiation response of living systems and may find useful application in
      radiation therapy.

PMID- 6364200
TI  - Hyperthermic survival of Chinese hamster ovary cells as a function of cellular
      population density at the time of plating.
AB  - The survival of synchronous G1 or asynchronous Chinese hamster ovary cells in
      vitro to heat treatment may depend on the cellular population density at the time
      of heating and/or as the cells are cultured after heating. The addition of
      lethally irradiated feeder cells may increase survival at 10(-3) by as much as 10
      to 100-fold for a variety of conditions when cells are heated either in
      suspension culture or as monolayers with or without trypsinization. The
      protective effect associated with feeder cells appears to be associated with
      close cell-to-cell proximity. However, when cells are heated without
      trypsinization about 24 hr or later after plating, when adaptation to monolayer
      has occurred, the protective effect is reduced; i.e., addition of feeder cells
      enhances survival much less, for example, about 2- to 3-fold at 10(-2)-10(-3)
      survival. Also, the survival of a cell to heat is independent of whether the
      neighboring cell in a microcolony is destined to live or die. Finally, if
      protective effects associated with cell density do occur and are not controlled,
      serious artifacts can result as the interaction of heat and radiation is studied;
      for example, survival curves can be moved upward, and thus changed in shape as
      the number of cells plated is increased with an increase in the hyperthermic
      treatment or radiation dose following hyperthermia. Therefore, to understand
      mechanisms and to obtain information relevant to populations of cells in close
      proximity, such as those in vivo, these cellular population density effects
      should be considered and understood.

PMID- 6364201
TI  - Spectra of base substitution mutations induced in Escherichia coli by tritiated
      water and the decay of incorporated tritiated thymidine.
AB  - The biological effects of tritiated water and of [6-3H]thymidine or [methyl
      3H]thymidine incorporated into DNA were compared with those induced by 60Co gamma
      rays. The killing efficiencies of tritiated water and the tritium-labeled bases
      were very similar, between 1.8 and 2.0 in terms of the RBE of 60Co gamma rays
      when compared with the absorbed dose to the bacterial nucleus. The frequency of
      His+ revertants induced by the decay of [6-3H]thymidine was 3.5 times higher than
      that induced by [methyl-3H]thymidine or tritiated water; these revertants were
      most often the result of A:T leads to G:C transitions. In comparison, the other
      treatments efficiently induced both transitions and transversions. The mutational
      spectrum resulting from the decay of tritiated water was also determined in the
      lacI forward-mutagenesis system of Escherichia coli. Transitions predominated at
      the low dose (2.5 krad), while both transitions and transversions were recovered
      after a high dose (18 krad). These results are very similar to those observed
      with 60Co gamma rays and are consistent with the hypothesis that mutagenesis
      resulting from the decay of [6-3H]thymidine is the result of a position effect,
      while mutagenesis resulting from the decay of [methyl-3H]thymidine and tritiated
      water is due to beta-particle ionization.

PMID- 6364202
TI  - Interpretation of the dose and LET dependence of RBE values for lethal lesions in
      yeast cells.
AB  - Survival data on yeast cells proficient or deficient in the repair of DNA double
      strand breaks (dsb) and data on the induction of dsb are used to interpret the
      dose dependence of the RBE value for lethal lesions after irradiation at high
      dose rate followed by 72-hr liquid holding providing optimum conditions for
      repair of potentially lethal lesions (RBEDP, DP = delayed plating). The
      radiations applied are conventional (150 kV), soft (50 kV), and ultrasoft (4 kV)
      X rays, 30-MeV electrons (or 60Co gamma rays), and 3.5-MeV alpha particles.
      Analysis shows that the dose dependence of the RBEDP value can be explained by
      the combination of two dose-independent RBE values, one for the single-particle
      traversal effect (RBEspt) and the other for the accumulation of dsb (RBEdsb) due
      to the traversal of more than one particle through the cell nucleus. Furthermore,
      it is shown that the LET dependence of RBEspt values describing the linear
      component of the lethal lesions must be considered separately for "electron" and
      "particle" radiations.

PMID- 6364203
TI  - Optimal injection technique for intravenous digital subtraction angiography.
      Animal and clinical studies of right atrial injection using small volumes (25 ml)
      at a high rate (35 ml/sec).
AB  - Small-volume right atrial injections of contrast material (25 ml) delivered at a
      high rate (30-35 ml) were routinely performed for digital subtraction angiography
      in 232 studies (698 injections). Excellent opacification of the aorta and
      peripheral arteries was consistently obtained. Superior opacification following
      right atrial injections compared with peripheral or superior vena cava boluses
      was confirmed in animal experiments.

PMID- 6364204
TI  - First-pass radionuclide angiography via pulmonary arterial catheters. A critical
      analysis of background components.
AB  - Residual background activity following first-pass radionuclide angiography was
      assessed in 44 patients after eliminating activity in the right heart, left lung,
      and most of the right lung. The ejection fraction (EF) was calculated in two
      ways: (a) assuming background activity was present only in the right heart and
      lungs, and (b) correcting for scattered radiation by placing a circular region of
      interest around the left ventricle. With the first method, contrast EF was
      significantly underestimated in both AP and RAO views. With the second method,
      correlation was close in both views and absolute values agreed well with contrast
      EF. These results indicate that there is a substantial and measurable background
      component, due mainly to Compton scatter, even when activity from the right heart
      and lungs is eliminated.

PMID- 6364205
TI  - RSNA '83: Gold Medalists and honorary members.

PMID- 6364206
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography of the pulmonary arteries for the diagnosis of
      pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 6364207
TI  - Immunohistological studies of immunoglobulin-containing cells and viral antigens
      in some inflammatory diseases of the nervous system.

PMID- 6364208
TI  - Some interactions of virus and maternal/foetal immune mechanisms in border
      disease of sheep.

PMID- 6364210
TI  - Vasopressin-like peptides and the treatment of memory disorders in man.

PMID- 6364209
TI  - Humoral and cellular immunity in patients with acute aseptic meningitis.

PMID- 6364211
TI  - Characterization of the "giant precursors" (70-80K) of vasopressin and oxytocin
      in the rat hypothalamus.

PMID- 6364212
TI  - Combined morphometric and immunocytochemical evidence that in the paraventricular
      nucleus of the rat oxytocin- but not vasopressin-neurones respond to the suckling
      stimulus.

PMID- 6364213
TI  - Electrophysiology of the afferent input to oxytocin- and vasopressin-secreting
      neurones. Facts and problems.

PMID- 6364214
TI  - Anatomical reciprocity between magnocellular peptides and noradrenaline in
      putative cardiovascular pathways.

PMID- 6364215
TI  - Interactions between vasopressin and the renin--angiotensin system.

PMID- 6364216
TI  - Operative therapy of peripheral vascular disease.

PMID- 6364217
TI  - Bundle branch block.

PMID- 6364218
TI  - Tissue factor-initiated blood coagulation.

PMID- 6364220
TI  - Flow cytometry in cancer diagnosis.

PMID- 6364219
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies as diagnostic reagents for the identification and
      characterization of human tumor antigens.

PMID- 6364221
TI  - Estrogen receptor determination in human breast cancer.

PMID- 6364222
TI  - Peripheral blood and bone marrow involvement by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma:
      morphological, immunological and cytochemical features.

PMID- 6364223
TI  - B cell neoplasms: correlation of recent developments with the biology of normal B
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 6364224
TI  - Centrifugal analysis in the clinical laboratory.

PMID- 6364225
TI  - Susceptibility testing revisited.

PMID- 6364226
TI  - The oral and written productions of schizophrenic patients.

PMID- 6364227
TI  - The specificity of thought disorder to schizophrenia: research methods in their
      historical perspective.

PMID- 6364228
TI  - Psychopathology of motor behavior in schizophrenia.

PMID- 6364229
TI  - Afferent and efferent neural roles in liver function.

PMID- 6364230
TI  - RNA processing in a unicellular microorganism: implications for eukaryotic cells.

PMID- 6364231
TI  - Synthesis, processing, and gene structure of vasopressin and oxytocin.

PMID- 6364232
TI  - The elongation factor EF-Tu and its two encoding genes.

PMID- 6364233
TI  - Why monoclonals?
AB  - Until recently, antibodies used in a variety of immunochemical techniques have
      been raised in laboratory animals by repeated injections of purified antigen and
      adjuvant. These antisera are a mixture of antibodies that may recognize unique or
      common antigenic sites and have different affinities. Such polyclonal antisera
      can vary considerably from animal to animal or even with different bleeds from
      one animal. The hybridoma technique of Kohler and Milstein (1975) permits the
      selection of a monoclonal antibody with a specific affinity that recognizes a
      specific antigenic determinant. Monoclonal antibodies to a variety of neural
      antigens have been produced by injection of "impure" antigen. Immunocytochemical
      findings with these monoclonal antibodies demonstrate some of the advantages and
      problems of hybridoma technology. Studies with these antibodies in normal and
      pathological (B,B'-iminodipropionitrile intoxication, Alzheimer's disease)
      conditions illustrate some of the potential applications of monoclonal
      antibodies.

PMID- 6364234
TI  - Acute stimulation of feeding with repeated injections of morphine sulphate to non
      obese and fatty Zucker rats.
AB  - Food intake studies with genetically obese rodents show that these hyperphagic
      animals, which have increased central and peripheral levels of endogenous opioid
      peptides (E.O.P.), have an increased sensitivity to the suppressive feeding
      effects of narcotic antagonists compared to lean controls. Feeding experiments
      were conducted to determine if genetically obese rats, with enhanced E.O.P., have
      a reduced sensitivity toward the narcotic agonist property of stimulated feeding
      seen in non-obese rats. Food intake was monitored continuously over each
      experimental day in groups of female Sprague-Dawley (S.D.,), fatty Zucker (fa/fa)
      and their lean heterozygote littermates (Fa/fa) following subcutaneous a.m.
      injections of sterile saline, morphine sulphate (5 or 10 mg/kg) or naloxone HCl
      (10 mg/kg) and during recovery. Acute 4-h post-injection feeding was reduced in
      all groups with the first 10 mg/kg injection of morphine sulphate. With repeated
      morphine administration, a phase of stimulated feeding occurred in both obese and
      non-obese groups. Due to the post-injection phase of vigorous feeding with
      repeated morphine injections, the circadian pattern of day/night food intake of
      all groups was altered such that daytime feeding increased from saline control
      levels. Naloxone HCl abolished the post-injection phase of stimulated feeding
      seen with chronic morphine injections and reduced 4-h post-injection food
      intakes. Plasma glucose and serum insulin levels were decreased in non-obese rats
      from saline controls of blood samples taken 2-h following the 7th daily M.S.
      injection. These levels increased again by the end of the recovery period. No
      blood glucose or insulin changes were seen in the obese Zucker rats with morphine
      administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6364235
TI  - Endocrine correlates of aggression.

PMID- 6364236
TI  - Buspirone: an anxioselective alternative for the management of anxiety disorders.
AB  - Buspirone HCl (Buspar) is a novel anxiolytic agent unrelated to the
      benzodiazepines or other psychotherapeutic agents. Animal studies support an
      anxioselective profile, i.e. relief of anxiety without sedation, muscle
      relaxation or anticonvulsant activity. Double-blind clinical studies show
      buspirone to be effective in the treatment of anxiety and anxiety in the presence
      of depression. The effects of buspirone on psychomotor function, physical
      dependence and abuse potential tests are similar to those seen with placebo
      treatments. Mechanism of action studies indicate activity in a variety of
      neuronal systems.

PMID- 6364237
TI  - Arginine vasotocin stimulates glucocorticoid secretion in male rats.
AB  - The endocrine effects of the putative pineal peptide arginine vasotocin (AVT)
      were compared with those of the pineal indoleamines melatonin and N
      acetylserotonin and passive immunization against these indoleamines in male rats
      injected at 1200 hr or 2400 hr. A pharmacologic dose of AVT markedly enhanced
      both day and night serum glucocorticoid levels but lowered prolactin levels at
      both time points. Melatonin decreased night prolactin and corticosterone levels
      whereas passive immunization against circulating melatonin and N-acetylserotonin
      elevated night levels of these hormones. Preliminary evidence that AVT (10
      microM) produces a guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-dependent stimulation of
      adenylate cyclase activity in the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary and adrenal
      gland suggests that the endocrine effects of this peptide may involve alterations
      in cAMP levels at one or more of these sites.

PMID- 6364238
TI  - [Mechanism of carbon-carbon bond cleavage in steroid biosynthesis (II)].

PMID- 6364239
TI  - [Evaluation of the long-term results of prosthetic treatment in patients with
      pathologically abraded teeth].

PMID- 6364241
TI  - [Evaluation of results of prosthetic treatment in patients with residual
      dentition].

PMID- 6364242
TI  - [After care in the treatment of the Eichner A1-A3 group. Introductory review].

PMID- 6364240
TI  - [Comparative clinical study of patients with various crown and bridge
      constructions and the consequences for after-care].

PMID- 6364243
TI  - [Radiologic study of the life span of abutment teeth].

PMID- 6364244
TI  - [Impaired polymorpholeukocyte migration in vivo in psoriasis as a function of the
      clinical condition of the patient].

PMID- 6364245
TI  - [F.R. Schaudinn and his work].

PMID- 6364246
TI  - [Scientific cooperation between Schaudinn and Siedlecki in 1897].

PMID- 6364247
TI  - [Various clinical aspects of Salmonella food poisoning in the light of personal
      observations].

PMID- 6364248
TI  - [Various clinical forms of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis].

PMID- 6364249
TI  - [Occurrence of a different Shigella sonnei biotype in the catchment area of the
      laboratory of the Warsaw province sanitary-epidemiological station].

PMID- 6364250
TI  - [Psychoanalysis, psychotherapy and national socialism].

PMID- 6364251
TI  - [Psychoanalysis in Hitler's Germany. How was it really? A postscript].

PMID- 6364252
TI  - [Capitualation before the "Weltanschauung." On an essay by Carl Muller
      Braunschweig of autumn 1933].

PMID- 6364253
TI  - [From the archives of psychoanalysis. Carl Muller-Braunschweig: Psychoanalysis
      and Weltanschauung].

PMID- 6364254
TI  - [Yes-sayers and whitewashers].

PMID- 6364255
TI  - [Primary hyperlipoproteinemia in its clinical and laboratory aspects. III.
      Selected blood serum indicators of carbohydrate metabolism].

PMID- 6364256
TI  - [Genetic aspects of arteriosclerosis].

PMID- 6364257
TI  - [The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 6364258
TI  - [Hepatography using direct transcutaneous injection of contrast medium into the
      liver].

PMID- 6364259
TI  - [Current theories on the hepatorenal syndrome].

PMID- 6364260
TI  - [History of the hospital buildings in Miechow].

PMID- 6364261
TI  - Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee.

PMID- 6364262
TI  - The effect of massive small bowel resection (MSBR) and small intestinal bypass
      (JIB) in the rat on the enteroinsular axis.
AB  - The effect of massive small bowel resection (MSBR) and jejuno-ileal bypass (JIB)
      on the enteroinsular axis in rats was compared. Glucose levels after an oral
      glucose tolerance test were determined in MSBR, JIB and control animals. The
      response of the beta-cell mass to glucose and gastric inhibitory polypeptide
      (GIP) was established in the same animals using the isolated perfused pancreas
      model. Immunocytochemical and morphological studies were performed to monitor the
      adaptive changes seen in the intestine of these animals. The glucose response to
      the oral glucose load was blunted in both test groups with the fasting GIP levels
      in the JIB group being elevated and the MSBR group being reduced. The response of
      the isolated perfused pancreas to GIP showed a marked (70%) reduction of insulin
      release in the JIB rats and a slight but non-significant reduction in the MSBR
      rats. In both groups the insulin response to glucose alone appeared normal. The
      area of the pancreatic islets and the percentage of the total area consisting of
      the four islet cell types (B, A, D, PP) were unchanged. In the intestine the GIP
      cells were markedly reduced in number in the jejunum of the functional intestine
      of the JIB rats and the jejunum from the MSBR rats. The GIP cells in the jejunum
      of the bypass loop did not differ from the control jejunum. The results indicate
      that the high basal GIP levels seen in the JIB rats were the result of GIP
      secreted from the blind loop. This study also confirmed the decreased sensitivity
      of the beta-cells to GIP after JIB while indicating that MSBR has little if any
      effect on the response of the beta-cell to GIP. These data presented further
      evidence that the high basal GIP levels were causally related to the decreased
      insulin response in the JIB rats.

PMID- 6364263
TI  - [Radiation sterilization of medical equipment].

PMID- 6364264
TI  - [Current status of X-ray and gamma-ray applications in the world (II). 3.
      Particle-induced X-ray emission spectrometry].

PMID- 6364266
TI  - [Italian Association of Medical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine. Official
      directory of members 1982].

PMID- 6364265
TI  - [Current status of X-ray and gamma-ray applications in the world (II). 4. Induced
      gamma-ray spectroscopy].

PMID- 6364267
TI  - [Proteolytic activity of snake venoms of Costa Rica on casein].
AB  - Experimental conditions for the comparative measurement of proteolytic activity
      of Costa Rican snake venoms on casein are established, and the activity of 13
      different venoms is described. Venoms showed marked differences in activity not
      only between species, but between specimens of the same species captured in
      different geographic regions of Costa Rica.

PMID- 6364268
TI  - [Subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by a ruptured aneurysm and secondary cerebral
      vasospasm].

PMID- 6364269
TI  - [Anal continence. Historical antecedents].

PMID- 6364270
TI  - Local anesthetics in the treatment of cancer pain.
AB  - Local anesthetics are in general not suitable for the treatment of patients with
      severe cancer pain. Local blocks are useful for diagnostic and prognostic
      purposes. As their action is instantaneous and reliable, they can be used to
      relieve pain for a limited period of time. The use of local anesthetics may yield
      long-lasting relief in some specific pain syndromes, such as tumor-related reflex
      dystrophies, in painful muscle spasms, and trigger points due to tumor-affected
      vertebrae. In addition, local anesthetics may have a generally beneficial effect
      in the restless, cachectic, and aged patient.

PMID- 6364271
TI  - Neurosurgical treatment of cancer pain.
AB  - Neurosurgical pain operations in carcinoma patients should always be considered
      when conservative treatment methods fail or pain relief can be attained only at
      the cost of undesired side effects. The therapeutic spectrum of neurosurgery has
      been appreciably extended in recent years. Due to the introduction of
      percutaneous surgery methods, the operations have become less burdensome, so that
      carcinoma patients who were formerly regarded as inoperable can also be given
      neurosurgical pain treatment. The advances in neurophysiology have led to a
      better understanding of pain mechanisms, in consequence of which the various
      possibilities of treatment can be employed more specifically with prospects of
      better treatment results. The spectrum of neurosurgical treatment extends from
      destructive measures (rhizotomies, cordotomies, thalamotomies, neurolytics) via
      intrathecal administration of morphine-like substances to the augmentative
      nondestructive neurostimulation techniques. Despite the advances in conservative
      therapy of cancer pain, in many cases, a neurosurgical procedure is most
      efficacious in controlling carcinoma pain.

PMID- 6364272
TI  - Calcitonin: analgesic effects.
AB  - Animal experiments demonstrate that the intracerebro-ventricular administration
      of calcitonin induces analgesia. During the treatment of such diseases as
      osteitis deformans Paget and acute pancreatitis with calcitonin no spectacular
      pain-relieving effect was evident, but the application of calcitonin in
      hypercalcemic patients with bone tumors led to considerable pain relief. Recent
      double-blind studies document the analgesic effectiveness of calcitonin in
      malignant diseases, but also against postoperative pains in nontumor patients.
      Calcitonin as an analgesic drug deserves further investigation.

PMID- 6364273
TI  - Frequency of pain in patients with cancer.

PMID- 6364274
TI  - Pain in the cancer patient as a consequence of therapy (surgery, radiotherapy,
      chemotherapy).

PMID- 6364275
TI  - Contemporary problems concerning our understanding of brain mechanisms that
      regulate food intake and body weight.

PMID- 6364276
TI  - Role of the fat cell in energy balance physiology.

PMID- 6364277
TI  - Clonidine promotes the accumulation of 45Ca in pancreatic beta-cell organelles.
AB  - Glucose-stimulated insulin release from pancreatic islets of ob/ob-mice was
      inhibited by 10(-9) M of the alpha 2-adrenergic agonist clonidine. This
      inhibitory effect was abolished by 10(-7) M of the antagonist yohimbine. Loading
      the islets with 45Ca during the clonidine exposure followed by isolation of
      subcellular fractions under conditions known to minimize the 45Ca redistribution
      resulted in increased accumulation of the isotope in the mitochondrial and
      microsomal fractions. It is suggested that clonidine inhibits glucose-stimulated
      insulin release by increasing the organelle sequestration of Ca2+.

PMID- 6364278
TI  - The effect of age on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems and other
      physiological variables in normal subjects.
AB  - The influence of age on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system in 125
      normal subjects, ages ranging from 13-90, in Valencia, Venezuela, was evaluated.
      The subjects selected were tested during their normal life style, on their usual
      sodium and potassium diet. Their RAA system was stimulated by walking for 2-3
      hours. A highly significant inverse correlation was found between age and
      stimulated plasma renin activity (r = -0.7149, p less than 0.001), and between
      age and urinary aldosterone (r = 0.4837, p less than 0.001). No significant
      correlation between age and serum aldosterone was found. The most significant
      changes in levels of these hormones were found between ages 55 and 60 when renin
      and aldosterone values decreased markedly. This decrease accelerates with
      increasing age. Plasma renin presented an appreciable percentage of decrease when
      compared to the highest levels found in the lowest age group; plasma renin
      decreased 80%, while urinary aldosterone decreased only 40% between ages 80 and
      90. In the over-60 groups this relationship between plasma renin activity and
      urinary and serum aldosterone levels showed both aldosterone values were higher
      than the corresponding plasma renin levels. We have no clear explanation for the
      "physiologicalhyperaldosteronism" found in groups over age 60. Age is an
      indispensible consideration in normal RAA system values. More intensive studies
      of over age 60 subjects are necessary.

PMID- 6364279
TI  - The relationship of aldosterone to mild essential hypertension.
AB  - Twenty-five carrier patients with mild essential hypertension (MEH) were studied.
      These were carefully selected, with an age range between 30 and 60 years (mean 44
      years). A series of physical, biochemical and humoral parameters were studied.
      For purposes of comparison, 36 normotensive patients were studied under the same
      conditions. Our results showed that plasma aldosterone (PA) and urine aldosterone
      (UA) had higher values in essential hypertensive patients (p less than 0.05). The
      plasma renin activity (PRA) showed a slight decrease, although without
      statistical significance. In this same group the PA/pra coefficient was found to
      be high (p less than 0.05) which shows a loss of relationship between PRA and PA.
      In the essential hypertensive patients was found an equal correlation between PRA
      and PA with daily excretion of potassium (p less than 0.05) which was not shown
      in normal patients; on the other hand, in these latter cases was found a very
      significant correlation between the renin-aldosterone (RA) system and 24-hr.
      urinary sodium levels (p less than 0.001). Based on these findings, we believe
      that in this type of hypertension an aldosterone disturbance exists, which must
      be linked directly or indirectly to the disturbance of sodium regulation. The
      modifications produced in the RA system in this type of hypertension is similar
      to the modifications found in older subjects (greater than 60 years) in the RA
      system hormone axis. We cannot clearly explain these findings, but we believe
      that essential arterial hypertension accelerated a physiological process in
      elderly subjects (greater than 60 years).

PMID- 6364280
TI  - Comparative studies of United Kingdom isolates of swine vesicular disease virus.
AB  - The characteristics of four United Kingdom isolates of swine vesicular disease
      (SVD) virus from 1981 to 1982 have been compared with those of an isolate
      obtained from the first outbreak of swine vesicular disease diagnosed in the
      United Kingdom in 1972. When the virus structural proteins were examined by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the four isolates from 1981-82 all had the
      same polypeptide pattern, which was different from that of the 1972 isolate.
      Immunodiffusion tests with the 1972 isolate and one 1982 isolate did not reveal
      any antigenic difference between the viruses but minor antigenic differences were
      shown by cross-neutralisation tests between the 1972 isolate and the four
      isolates from 1981-82. In experimentally infected pigs the 1972 isolate produced
      typical SVD lesions whereas the four more recent SVD viruses produced only very
      mild clinical disease. Clinical lesions scored numerically were four- to 10- and
      five- to 11-fold higher at seven and 14 days after infection for pigs infected
      with the 1972 isolate than with the four isolates from 1981-82. The serum of pigs
      infected with the 1972 isolate contained significantly higher levels of
      neutralising antibody than those of pigs infected with more recent isolates. The
      antibody titres of pigs with only primary lesions ranged from log10 1.9 to 2.8
      and one clinically normal pig had a titre of log10 2.4 at 14 days after
      infection. Attention is drawn to the implication of these findings for SVD
      control policies based only on the recognition and reporting of clinical disease.

PMID- 6364281
TI  - DDT: health aspects in relation to man and risk/benefit assessment based
      thereupon.

PMID- 6364282
TI  - Behavioral avoidance and selection responses of fishes to chemicals.

PMID- 6364283
TI  - [Immunology of aging].

PMID- 6364284
TI  - [Efficacy and tolerability of acyclovir in immunosuppressed patients with herpes
      simplex, herpes zoster or cutaneomucous chicken-pox. Multicenter trial apropos of
      50 cases].
AB  - A multicenter trial of Acyclovir was carried out in 50 immunodepressed patients.
      The dose used was 15 mg/kg/day for 5 days in herpes simplex and 30 mg/kg/day for
      10 days in herpes zoster and chicken pox by three one-hourly intravenous infusion
      per day. Acyclovir had a clear cut effect in 42 cases, a partial effect in 1
      case, no effect in 1 case, and its action could not be assessed in 6 cases. The
      cutaneous and mucous membrane lesions were stabilised after an average of two
      days' treatment, and regression was observed from the third day. Of the 21 cases
      of zoster, 15 were cured without sequellae and 5 with post-zoster pain. The
      treatment failed in one patient. Of the 21 cases of cutaneous and/or mucous
      membrane herpes simplex, 20 satisfactory and 1 partial result were obtained. The
      outcomes of the 2 cases of chicken pox were favourable. There were three relapses
      after the end of therapy (2 herpes simplex, 1 zoster) but their outcomes were
      favourable after a second course of Acyclovir. In 20 cases it was possible to
      maintain the immuno-suppressive therapy. General tolerance was satisfactory.

PMID- 6364285
TI  - [Factitious diseases and Munchausen's syndrome].
AB  - Factitious diseases in which the symptoms are simulated or created intentionally
      are very varied: functional manifestations, haemorrhages, anaemia, pyrexia,
      metabolic disturbances (hypoglycaemia, hypokalaemia, hyperthyroidism, etc.), skin
      lesions and others. Different symptomatic associations are possible. The
      Munchausen syndrome which is mainly seen in anglo-saxon countries, is
      characterised by a long history of factitious symptoms in subjects with
      psychological profiles which are difficult to define because of the very
      behaviour of the patients themselves. Besides this syndrome, many psychological
      disorders have been described in patients presenting with factitious symptoms.
      One particular form is the creation of factitious diseases in children by their
      parents. The diagnosis of factitious disease is always difficult and confirmatory
      proof cannot always be obtained apart from certain cases in which laboratory
      tests show the presence of drugs in the plasma or urine. Psychotherapy which
      appears to be essential for these patients is generally very difficult to
      achieve.

PMID- 6364286
TI  - [Deaths due to congenital malformations in Chile (1970-1979)].

PMID- 6364287
TI  - [Medical education in the Age of Enlightenment].

PMID- 6364288
TI  - [Amebic liver abscess. Clinical aspects, therapy and course - demonstrated by 2
      cases].

PMID- 6364289
TI  - [Digital subtraction angiography in ambulatory practice. Preliminary report].

PMID- 6364290
TI  - ["A Clinical Lesson at the Salpetriere" (1887) by Andre Brouillet].

PMID- 6364291
TI  - [Physiopathology of the clinical manifestation of multiple sclerosis.
      Electrophysiological hypotheses].
AB  - Clinical manifestations of multiple sclerosis cannot always be correlated with
      the type of lesion present. Plaques in certain regions may be clinically silent
      whereas, inversely, some neurological disorders appear not to be related to a
      demyelinization process. The pathophysiology of neurological symptoms and signs
      in multiple sclerosis may therefore be related to two other factors: 1) membrane
      phenomena observed in demyelinated fibers and leading to partial or complete
      conduction block, or 2) conduction blocks due to pathological phenomena that fail
      to provoke anatomical demyelinization. Demyelinization induces a sudden drop in
      impedance of the axon membrane which is responsible for the conduction block.
      Redistribution of sodium ionophores in the demyelinated axon enables transmission
      of certain messages but in a slower and unreliable manner. Sensitivity of
      demyelinated fibers to temperature and the extracellular ionic environment
      provides an explanation for the transient, recurrent stereotyped reactions
      provoked by fever, physical exercise or digestion. In the absence of
      demyelinization, a conduction block could be the result of either a minimal
      lesion at the paranodal myelin with denudation of the specialized parts between
      axon and glia,or of humoral blocking factors--of debatable specificity--or
      cellular factors that have been demonstrated recently. The existence of such
      mechanisms suggests the need for revision of the notion of acute episodes of
      multiple sclerosis. Finally, knowledge of the mechanisms involved in nerve
      conduction along demyelinated fibers suggests the possibility of therapy to
      restore conduction of these fibers by acting on extracellular ionic
      concentrations or directly on membrane ionic canals.

PMID- 6364292
TI  - [The blood-brain barrier. II. Physiological data].
AB  - In the first part of this review, the morphological characteristics of the
      interfaces between blood and some compartments of the central nervous system have
      been described. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is situated between the blood and
      the brain extracellular space (ECS) at the endothelial cells of brain capillaries
      joined by tight junctions. The blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier is mainly
      situated at the epithelium of the choroid plexuses. In this second part, the
      general mechanisms and methods of study of the transport of low molecular weight
      substances across the BBB are reviewed. In addition water and solute transports
      across the interfaces are described. The third part will deal with the transport
      of metabolic substrates and of drugs, with the barrier to neurotransmitters and
      with the physiological alterations of the permeability of the blood-brain
      barrier. Blood-brain transport is transcellular. According to the nature of the
      transported molecule it can be either by diffusion through the membranes
      (lipophilic molecules) or carrier-mediated (hydrophilic molecules such as
      metabolic substrates). In vivo methods of study have first been experimental. The
      recent use of short-lived positron-emitting radioisotopes should extent their use
      to clinical studies. In vitro measurement of transport on isolated capillaries or
      choroid plexuses give additional information. Water exchange between plasma and
      the brain is rapid. However, the permeability of the brain capillaries for water
      is lower than that of other capillaries and of most membranes, but more similar
      to that of lipid bilayers and of most tight epithelia. The permeability for water
      of the choroid plexuses which secrete CSF is much higher than that of brain
      capillaries. CSF and ECS electrolyte composition is under strict homeostatic
      regulation, leaving it independent of fluctuations in plasma composition. This
      constant composition is the consequence of the low permeability of brain
      capillaries to electrolytes as well as that of the presence of a sodium potassium
      dependent ATPase on the abluminal membrane of capillaries and the apical membrane
      of choroid plexuses. This enzyme contributes to the extrusion of potassium from
      the CSF and ECS and allows a large gradient of potassium to be created between
      ECS and plasma. A low level of potassium in CSF and ECS is in fact needed for
      normal nerve conduction.

PMID- 6364293
TI  - [French Society of Neurology. List of members (1984)].

PMID- 6364294
TI  - [A simple and economic method for splinting the anterior mandibular teeth with a
      cemented grid].

PMID- 6364295
TI  - [Malabsorption and maldigestion: physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment].

PMID- 6364296
TI  - [Specific immunity in patients with carcinoma of the pancreas. Preliminary
      report].

PMID- 6364297
TI  - Hay fever treatment with budesonide and beclomethasone dipropionate twice daily -
      a clinical comparison.
AB  - Fifty-two patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were admitted to a randomized
      clinical comparison between budesonide (Rhinocort) and beclomethasone
      dipropionate (Becotide Nasal). All patients were sensitive to birch pollen, which
      was confirmed by a skin prick test. The drugs were administered intranasally 200
      micrograms b.i.d. Symptoms were assessed over four weeks starting with a run-in
      period of one week. Daily pollen counts were recorded throughout the trial and
      showed a rather mild birch pollen season. The patients diary cards revealed a
      beneficial therapeutic effect of the two drugs. No statistically significant
      differences between the drugs were seen except with regard to sneezing symptoms,
      where the Rhinocort-treated patients showed less symptoms (p less than 0.05).
      Side effects were few and transient with both drugs.

PMID- 6364298
TI  - [Literature review on congenital coronary artery fistula draining into the left
      ventricle].

PMID- 6364299
TI  - [Etching of anterior teeth in professional practice: control with scanning
      electron microscopy].

PMID- 6364300
TI  - [Use of the impacted canine, guided into eruption, as anchorage for an overlay
      denture].

PMID- 6364301
TI  - [Reconstructive technics in endodontically treated teeth].

PMID- 6364302
TI  - [Reconstruction of dental remnants adapted to pre-existing prosthetic crowns].

PMID- 6364304
TI  - [Cytobacteriologic and immunologic tests in urinary infections].

PMID- 6364303
TI  - [Mutagenicity of methyl 2--benzimidazole carbamate (carbendazim) in the in vivo
      and in vitro tests].

PMID- 6364305
TI  - [Cerebrospinal fluid].

PMID- 6364306
TI  - [Hemoculture].

PMID- 6364307
TI  - [Bacteriologic sampling of tracheobronchial secretions].

PMID- 6364308
TI  - [Bacteriological samples at the level of the eyes].

PMID- 6364309
TI  - [Genital samples].

PMID- 6364310
TI  - [Bacteriological test of feces].

PMID- 6364311
TI  - [Samples of pus and serous matter].

PMID- 6364312
TI  - Test of leukocyte migration inhibition. 1. Value of the test in the diagnosis of
      certain immune diseases.
AB  - The test of leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) being a specific and sensitive
      method for the detection of cell-mediated immunity, its ever increasing use in
      the clinic necessitates a more accurate estimation of its actual value. The
      technique used in this study is that of leukocyte migration in capillary tubes
      according to Soborg and Bendixen. The test was performed in three groups of
      patients: A--with drug intoxication; B--with chronic post viral hepatitis and C-
      with alcoholic liver disease. The results obtained showed that in the patients
      with drug allergy the LMI test using the incriminated drugs as antigens was
      positive in 83% of the cases, in the patients with chronic post viral hepatitis
      the cellular migration inhibition to the HBsAg was observed in 35% of the cases
      and in alcoholic liver disease lymphocyte sensitization to ethanol was present in
      28.7% of the cases. It is concluded that in drug allergy the LMI test is useful
      and has diagnostic value being preferable to other in vitro determinations and
      even, in certain cases, to the skin tests. In chronic liver diseases the value of
      the test is limited to investigation purposes as it can reveal the degree of
      involvement of cell-mediated immunity in the pathogenesis of disease.

PMID- 6364313
TI  - [Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica].
AB  - Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a very homogeneous species, with only six sero
      groups and which can not also be lysotyped. The essential reservoir is made up of
      rodents, birds, cats and soil and is the origin of human infection. Y.
      enterocolitica has 5 biochemical types, 57 serotypes (types 03 and 09 are the
      most commonly involved in human pathology) and 11 lysotypes. Contamination is
      essentially by direct human-human contact from healthy carriers or, more rarely,
      via infected food. The aetiological diagnosis of the arthritis occurring after an
      episode of abdominal Yersinia (enteritis, mesenteric adenitis) depends on the
      simultaneous search for bacteria in the stools and for antibodies.

PMID- 6364314
TI  - [Chlamydiosis in animals].
AB  - In this brief review, the authors summarize the state of knowledge on chlamydial
      infections in birds and mammals, in particular those occurring in domestic
      animals. Chlamydia psittaci is responsible for a variety of syndromes in
      veterinary medicine, some of which may be of great interest in comparative
      pathology (polyarthritis, conjunctivitis, . . .). The frequency of latent
      infections, the difficulties involved in the diagnosis and control of chlamydial
      infections and the transmissibility of C. psittaci to man pose a number of
      problems for the veterinarian, both in terms of animal medicine and in terms of
      his role in public hygiene.

PMID- 6364315
TI  - [Ankylosing spondylarthritis, HLA B27 and the theory of crossed tolerance].
AB  - The association between HLA-B27 and ankylosing spondylitis could be explained by
      a theory of crossed tolerance, which proposes that Gram negative bacteria have
      antigens similar to HLA-B27. Experimental studies with human sera with anti-HLA
      specificity and rabbit sera with anti-Klebsiella specificity demonstrate a
      partial crossed reactivity between HLA-B27 and Klebsiella. Clinical studies have
      shown that Klebsiella can be isolated from patients with ankylosing spondylitis
      during relapses or active phases of the disease. The theory of crossed tolerance
      proposes that ankylosing spondylitis is a reactive arthritis which develops after
      infection with Gram negative bacteria. The agent directly involved in causing the
      disease is an anti-bacterial antibody which binds to self antigens with partial
      crossed reactivity, such as HLA-B27, and the inflammation develops as a result of
      triggering of the complement cascade by the antigen-antibody complex.

PMID- 6364316
TI  - [The outcome of reactive arthritis].
AB  - Cases of reactive arthritis generally have a favourable short-term outcome,
      within 1 to 6 months in 50 to 70 per cent of cases. The curable nature of the
      disease and its short clinical course mean that the therapeutic approach should
      be devoid of risks. Antibiotics, which are necessary for the mucosal lesion, are
      ineffective in the joint involvement. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents,
      sometimes in combination with intra-articular steroid injections, seem to be
      sufficient in the simple forms. In the more chronic, polyarticular forms, gold
      therapy would appear to be preferable to the use of drugs which act on the immune
      system. However, the favourable short-term course is overshadowed by the
      incidence of relapse (30 to 50%), which are sometimes multiple, and by the
      subsequent development of pelvispondylitis (30% of cases) after an average of
      about 6 years. Permanent or recurrent peripheral joint manifestations can be
      seen. The clinical course of these conditions is very similar, whatever the
      causative agent.

PMID- 6364317
TI  - [Our experience with the determination of serum and synovial beta 2 microglobulin
      in rheumatology].

PMID- 6364318
TI  - Influence of the thymic extract (TP2) on some humoral and cell mediated immunity
      reactions in normal or irradiated animals.
AB  - The authors have studied the action of a thymic extract (TP2) containing thymic
      polypeptides with a molecular weight under 10,000 daltons, on humoral and cell
      mediated immunity reactions in normal animals or in animals immunologically
      depressed by X-ray irradiation. The following were investigated: serum
      antibodies, such as antiflagelar agglutinins of TH Salmonella and anti-influenza
      antibodies in the rat, the plaque-forming hemolytic cells in the mouse spleen,
      delayed hypersensitivity reaction in guinea-pigs innoculated with BCG, the
      lymphocyte rosetting reaction in the mouse spleen, and the inhibition of
      macrophages migration in the rats innoculated with TH Salmonella typhi vaccine.
      The results showed that TP2 stimulates both the humoral and the cell-mediated
      immunity reactions and has a radioprotecting effect.

PMID- 6364319
TI  - Circadian and circannual variations in plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and C
      peptide concentrations in elderly subjects.
AB  - Groups of 49-51 elderly men and women 77 +/- 8 years of age, institutionalized at
      the Berceni Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, were studied over a 24 hour
      span in spring, summer, fall and winter. All subjects followed a diurnal activity
      pattern with rest at night and ate three meals per day with breakfast at about
      08:30, lunch at about 13:00, dinner at 18:30. The meals were similar, although
      not identical for all subjects during all seasons. On each day of sampling, blood
      was collected at four hourly intervals over a 24 hrs span. Immunoreactive insulin
      (IRI) and C-peptide were determined in plasma and glucose (during fall and winter
      only) in serum. Circadian variations of all three parameters were found and the
      rhythm parameters were determined statistically by cosinor analysis. The
      acrophases of the circadian rhythm of IRI and C-peptide were the same during all
      four seasons. The circadian acrophase of plasma IRI and C-peptide precedes that
      of serum glucose. The circadian mean concentrations of IRI and C-peptide show a
      circannual variation with higher values in winter and fall than in spring and
      summer for plasma insulin and with higher values for summer and fall than in
      spring for C-peptide. Sex differences in IRI and C-peptide concentrations with
      higher values in men are manifested during certain circadian and circannual
      stages but not during others.

PMID- 6364320
TI  - Studies of cellular immunity in Graves' disease.
AB  - Cell immunity aspects were studied in patients with untreated Graves' disease or
      thyreotoxicosis relapsing after anti-thyroid drug therapy interruption. The
      peripheral blood T-lymphocyte count was significantly low (p less than 0.05) in
      the untreated patients. The leucocyte inhibition factor (LIF) test showed only a
      slight sensibilization of lymphocytes to thyroglobulin in the untreated patients,
      whereas in those with relapsed thyreotoxicosis there was a marked sensitization
      to thyroglobulin and microsomal antigen. Our observations suggest that part of
      the untreated patients have some abnormalities in the function of their
      lymphocytes. All the relapsed cases showed an intense sensitization of
      lymphocytes in the direct LIF test. The possibility of using the LIF test as an
      indicator of thyreotoxicosis release after interruption of the anti-thyroid drug
      therapy is suggested.

PMID- 6364321
TI  - Insulin resistance--a risk factor for coronary heart disease?
AB  - Fasting insulin secretion was assessed by measuring fasting serum C-peptide
      levels in 529 women and 399 men aged 18-90 years, to study the relationship
      between insulin secretion, insulin resistance and risk factors for coronary heart
      disease. Subjects with low serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol
      levels showed higher mean serum insulin and C-peptide levels than subjects with
      normal HDL cholesterol levels. In male subjects these differences were
      significant for both serum insulin and serum C-peptide results (P less than
      0.005). In female subjects serum insulin results differed significantly (P less
      than 0.0005) but for the difference in mean serum C-peptide levels P was equal to
      0.012. Fasting serum C-peptide correlated negatively with serum HDL cholesterol.
      However, serum C-peptide also correlated with serum triglyceride and serum
      triglyceride correlated negatively with serum HDL cholesterol. Each correlation
      was statistically significant (P less than 0.001). Multiple regression analysis
      suggested that the apparent association of C-peptide with HDL cholesterol was a
      consequence of the interrelated association between C-peptide, triglyceride and
      HDL cholesterol. The analysis was consistent with the hypothesis that obesity and
      increased insulin resistance were associated with increased insulin secretion and
      in turn with high serum triglyceride levels and consequentially low levels of
      serum HDL cholesterol. The data were compatible with the suggestion that insulin
      resistance rather than fasting insulin concentration per se could be a risk
      factor for coronary heart disease.

PMID- 6364322
TI  - Differential effect of the serine protease inhibitor phenyl methyl sulfonyl
      fluoride on cytochemically detectable esterases in human leucocytes and
      platelets.
AB  - Esterases of human leucocytes and platelets were studied by cytochemical methods.
      The aim of the study was to clarify the cellular distribution and possible nature
      of esterases types differing in their substrate specificity and/or their
      inhibitor sensitivity. 3 substrates (alpha-naphthyl acetate: ANA; naphthol AS-D
      chloroacetate: NASDCA; and N-acetyl DL-alanine alpha-naphthyl ester: NACALA) were
      used and the effects of 2 inhibitors (sodium fluoride and the serine protease
      inhibitor phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride: PMSF) were evaluated. 4 enzyme types
      were described: Type I, present in granulocytes, was detected using NASDCA and
      NACALA and was resistant to fluoride but sensitive to PMSF. Other types were
      detected using ANA as substrate. Type II, present in monocytes, was inhibited by
      both fluoride and PMSF. Type III, present in platelets and plasma cells, was
      inhibited by fluoride but resistant to PMSF. Type IV, present in lymphocytes, was
      resistant to both fluoride and PMSF. The specific aims and possible areas for
      application of these results are discussed.

PMID- 6364323
TI  - Effect of irradiation on rat renal transplant rejection.
AB  - Leucocytes were selectively eliminated either from a DA renal allograft or from a
      WF host by irradiation of either the host or the graft on different days after
      the transplantation. The recovery of inflammatory leucocytes and the generation
      of lymphoid killer cells--that is, the natural killer (NK) cells and the
      cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL)--were analysed separately in the two compartments.
      Early irradiation of the graft did not affect the recovery of leucocytes in
      either compartment. The NK activity was only slightly reduced in the graft but
      was distinctly reduced in the spleen. A delay in the generation of the CTL
      activity was observed in the spleen. Late irradiation of the graft reduced the
      recovery of leucocytes in both compartments. The disappearance of the NK activity
      increased in the graft but not in the spleen. The CTL activity in the spleen
      developed normally up to day 6, whereafter it declined. After selective
      irradiation of the host a fair number of leucocytes remained in the graft,
      compared with a nearly complete disappearance of leucocytes from the graft and
      blood. The NK and CTL activity declined rapidly in both compartments. The data
      demonstrate a bidirectional interdependence between the graft and the host during
      the rejection.

PMID- 6364324
TI  - Inhibition of in vitro growth of Plasmodium falciparum by purified antimalarial
      human IgG antibodies. Isolation of target antigens from culture supernatants.
AB  - In the search for candidate molecules for a malaria vaccine the in vitro
      inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum cultures by polyclonal or monoclonal
      antibodies has become a major tool. In the present study antigens identical to
      antigens circulating in plasma during attacks of malaria have been isolated from
      supernatants of P. falciparum cultures and used for immunoadsorbent purification
      of IgG antibodies from a pool of human immune serum collected in Liberia.
      Approximately 50% growth inhibition of three different P. falciparum isolates
      from Africa was obtained with the affinity-purified antibodies at a concentration
      of 25 micrograms ml-1 culture medium after 48 h of incubation. The target
      antigen/antigens for the protective antibodies have been partly characterized by
      radiolabelling, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography but have
      not yet been identified unequivocally. However, the results indicate that one or
      more of the easily isolated antigens from the supernatant of P. falciparum
      cultures could be used in a malaria vaccine. The results also indicate that
      antigenic differences between strains from geographically disparate areas may not
      constrain the development of such a vaccine.

PMID- 6364325
TI  - Asymptomatic urinary tract infection caused by Shigella sonnei.
AB  - The first case of asymptomatic urinary tract infection caused by Shigella sonnei
      in a patient, a 74-yr-old man, who was not a faecal carrier and had no history of
      dysentery is reported. Treatment with pivmecillinam 400 mg 3 times daily for 14
      days was instituted and the bacteria were eradicated. The time and source of
      infection is unknown.

PMID- 6364326
TI  - Nosocomial Klebsiella pneumoniae infection: clinical and hygienic measures in a
      neonatal intensive care unit.
AB  - An outbreak in a neonatal intensive care nursery of severe infections caused by
      Klebsiella pneumoniae type K-17 has been studied. Over a 9-month period 20
      epidemiologically linked cases of severe septicemia, meningitis and pneumonia
      were diagnosed. The specific epidemic strain could be identified. After
      introduction of a policy of hygienic measures the nosocomial infection could be
      eradicated although colonization still occurred. Thorough handwashing before and
      after the nursing care of each infant, individual gowning and disposable gloves
      in the care of infants below 1 500 g were important. The changing bacterial
      ecology of a neonatal unit should be followed closely by weekly routine throat
      cultures as well as by cultures of incubators and ventilation equipment. The
      present investigation has shown the importance of this procedure, which is
      mandatory for appropriate choice of antimicrobial agents when treating infections
      in critically ill or very low birth weight infants in the neonatal intensive care
      unit. Prophylactic antimicrobial treatment is not indicated. Control of K.
      pneumoniae nosocomial infections can only be achieved by maintaining a high
      standard of hygiene in the neonatal care.

PMID- 6364327
TI  - Microbial colonization and infectious complications in bone marrow transplant
      recipients treated in strict protective isolation.
AB  - Bone marrow transplantation was carried out in 10 patients (5 with acute leukemia
      and 5 with aplastic anaemia). Protection against endogenous and exogenous
      infection was attempted by a rigorous sterile protective isolation regimen,
      comprising laminar-air-flow cabinets, daily decontamination of skin, mucous
      membranes and intestines. All supplies of food, fluids, medicine and equipment
      were sterilized. In all patients a heavy suppression of the normal bacterial
      flora was obtained after approximately 1 week and 85% of a total of 1026 days of
      decontamination revealed only scanty growth in one or a few regions of the
      patients. The surviving microorganisms were Candida albicans and non-pathogenic
      commensals (mainly Staphylococcus albus). In 1 patient only an exogenic
      microorganism was introduced possibly by transfusion or staff. 16 febrile
      episodes were recorded in the patients during decontamination covering 21% of the
      period. Four episodes were caused by bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa and mixed). In most of the remaining episodes the etiology was not
      established. The results thus show that endogenous pathogenic bacteria can be
      eradicated by the regimen, and that systemic antimicrobial chemotherapy can be
      restricted and guided by the results of the previous and contemporary cultures.
      However, viral infections remain a major problem in these patients. Efforts
      should be maintained to avoid entrance of exogenic bacteria by staff and
      supplies.

PMID- 6364328
TI  - Selective decontamination of alimentary tract microbial flora in patients treated
      with bone marrow transplantation. A microbiological study.
AB  - 14 patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation were studied regarding the
      oral and faecal microflora. Seven patients were given a multidrug regimen,
      directed against aerobic gram-negative rods and fungi, for local decontamination
      of the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. Seven other patients served as
      controls. The decontamination regimen was found to decrease the numbers of fungi
      in the oral cavity and to protect from new colonization. In the gastrointestinal
      tract aerobic gram-negative rods were eliminated in all patients and new
      colonization with acquired microorganisms was not observed even when the
      indigenous anaerobic flora had been disturbed by parenteral antibiotics. In the
      control group aerobic gram-negative rods and fungi were isolated from all
      patients during the observation period.

PMID- 6364329
TI  - Nonspecific vaginitis in an outpatient clinic. Comparison of three dosage
      regimens of metronidazole.
AB  - Nonspecific vaginitis causes diagnostic as well as therapeutic difficulties in
      gynecological private practice. In a study in 63 patients with "nonspecific"
      vaginitis, clinical parameters were related to the bacteriological isolation of
      G. vaginalis in order to try to find criteria which can help to make a correct
      diagnosis of "nonspecific vaginitis". These patients were treated with three
      different regimens of metronidazole, either 2000 mg as a single dose, or two
      single doses of 2000 mg each taken the first and the third day, or 400 mg 2 times
      daily for 7 days. Patients with Candida or Trichomonas infections were excluded.
      Partners were treated at the same time, with the same regimen as the patient. The
      patients were controlled 14 and 28 days after the beginning of the treatment. The
      preliminary results showed that all regimens give good clinical effect, but the
      treatment with 2000 mg given as a single dose the first and the third days seems
      to lead to fewer failures.

PMID- 6364330
TI  - Treatment of non-specific vaginitis with metronidazole.
AB  - 55 women with signs and symptoms of non-specific vaginitis, NSV, were treated
      with metronidazole 1200 mg daily in a single dose for 5 days. 49 (89.1%) were
      considered cured with significant reduction in all signs and symptoms for NSV.
      The side-effects were negligible.

PMID- 6364331
TI  - Anaerobic comma-shaped bacteria recovered from the human genital tract. A review.
AB  - The present survey reviews the current knowledge on comma-shaped anaerobic rods
      that can be isolated from the human genital tract. It summarizes bacterial
      characteristics such as morphology, biochemical activities, gas chromatographic
      patterns and differential diagnostic tests. In particular the existence of two
      variants of such rods is stressed. These variants differ in length, number of
      flagella, certain biochemical activities and susceptibility to nitroimidazoles.
      The occurrence of comma-shaped rods in relation to clinical findings is also
      discussed.

PMID- 6364332
TI  - A dose-duration study of metronidazole for the treatment of nonspecific
      vaginosis.

PMID- 6364333
TI  - Treatment of non-specific vaginitis with a single dose of tinidazole.
AB  - In a double-blind, randomized trial twenty-six patients with non-specific
      vaginitis were treated with tinidazole/placebo (4 X 500 mg in one single dose).
      Thirteen patients received placebo, of which one was cured. Thirteen patients
      received tinidazole, of which six were cured. The nineteen non-responders
      received tinidazole (4 X 500 mg in one single dose), which resulted in the cure
      of eight patients (seven from the original placebo-group and one from the
      original tinidazole-group). Of the eleven patients not responding to tinidazole
      seven were successfully treated with metronidazole (250 mg, 4 times daily, for
      one week).

PMID- 6364334
TI  - Comparison of two different regimens of metronidazole in the treatment of non
      specific vaginitis.
AB  - 25 patients with symptoms of non-specific vaginitis have been treated with
      metronidazole either 2000 mg in a single dose or 400 mg three times daily for 5
      days. Diagnosis was settled by 1) identification of G. vaginalis in culture of
      vaginal secretion, 2) the observation of clue cells in wet smear, 3) a positive
      amine test on application of potassium hydroxide, and 4) increased pH in the
      vaginal secretion. Most patients' symptoms and complaints disappeared and at the
      same time most of the tests used changed from abnormal to normal findings. No
      side effects were recorded. It is concluded, that metronidazole in either dose
      was a useful treatment of non-specific vaginitis.

PMID- 6364335
TI  - Clinical and metabolic aspects of chronic peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 6364336
TI  - [Surgical treatment of coronary circulation disorders].
AB  - The objectives of aorto-coronary bypass surgery are threefold: relief of angina
      pectoris, increase in exercise performance and prolongation of life. The effect
      of surgery on ischemic pain and exercise tolerance is widely accepted, but the
      influence of bypass grafting on life expectancy is still controversial. Recent
      results of prospective randomized trials, however, have shown significantly
      better survival for surgically treated patients with specific anatomic
      characteristics such as left main disease and three-vessel disease. Among the
      operative risks, hospital mortality (1% in our experience) and incidence of
      perioperative myocardial infarction (around 5%, usually asymptomatic clinical
      course) have decreased with growing surgical practice and application of cold
      cardioplegia. Postoperative angiographic studies reveal 85% to 90% graft patency
      rate at one year; later the mean annual occlusion rate is reported to be less
      than 3%. The aorto-coronary bypass operation is indicated mainly for the
      following two groups of patients: 1. those in whom angina or drug therapy results
      in a restriction of working capacity or an undesirable change in lifestyle
      despite appropriate medical treatment; 2. the two subsets of patients being
      exposed to a particularly high risk of myocardial infarction or sudden death:
      patients with left main disease and patients with three-vessel disease. The
      benefits of coronary bypass surgery depend on several conditions: major
      determinants are completeness of revascularization, suitability of distal
      coronary segments for bypass grafting, and degree of ventricular impairment.

PMID- 6364337
TI  - [Sensitivity to insulin in type I diabetes. Preliminary report].
AB  - In vivo sensitivity to insulin was assessed by the euglycaemic insulin clamp
      technique in 5 type I diabetic subjects without residual insulin secretion and in
      5 non-diabetic control subjects. Insulin was infused at increasing rates of 0.5,
      1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 mU/kg/min in 4 periods of 2 hours. The diabetic subjects were
      resistant to insulin during the 1st and 2nd insulin infusion periods
      corresponding to the rates of 0.5 and 1.0 mU/kg/min, when compared to the non
      diabetic subjects. However, glucose disposal rates were similar in the diabetic
      and control subjects at the 2 higher insulin infusion rates (2.0 and 5.0
      mU/kg/min). Thus insulin resistance in type I diabetes is dependent on insulin
      concentration.

PMID- 6364338
TI  - [Treatment of hypertensive crisis with captopril].
AB  - The usefulness of captopril in managing hypertensive emergencies was evaluated in
      9 untreated patients. During the 30 minutes following oral administration of 25
      mg of this angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, blood pressure decreased from
      239/134 to 204/118 mm Hg (p less than 0.05). At that time, furosemide (20 mg i.v.
      or 40 mg orally) had to be added in 5 patients to further decrease pressure
      levels. Ninety to 120 minutes after starting therapy, an additional dose of
      captopril (100 mg orally) was given to all patients. 12 and 24 hours after
      admission respectively, blood pressure averaged 140/93 and 139/86 mm Hg in the
      patients treated with captopril alone and 166/107 and 153/91 mm Hg in those
      treated with both captopril and furosemide. The blood pressure fall was well
      tolerated and no adverse effect was induced by captopril. These results show that
      captopril given alone or in association with a diuretic makes it possible to deal
      quickly and effectively with hypertensive crises without necessarily requiring
      monitoring in an intensive care unit.

PMID- 6364339
TI  - [Pneumoconiosis research in Switzerland in the past and today].
AB  - The history of pneumoconiosis research in Switzerland from the 16th century to
      the present day is briefly summarized. The concerns and aims of a silicosis
      research group founded at the end of World War II by faculty members of Zurich
      University, Federal Institute of Technology (ETHZ) and by the SUVA (Swiss
      national accident insurance) are presented. The salient results of
      interdisciplinary research on the pathogenicity of particle size and
      fibrogenicity of various mineral and non-mineral dusts are discussed, and related
      questions of cancer epidemiology are considered.

PMID- 6364340
TI  - [Long-term experiences with autologous mucosal transplants in vestibuloplasty on
      the maxilla].

PMID- 6364341
TI  - [Scientific development of dental prosthesis and medical ethics].

PMID- 6364342
TI  - [Screw-anchorage anterior tooth restoration--a new method].

PMID- 6364343
TI  - [Direct pulp capping--a biological trial of 8 products].

PMID- 6364344
TI  - [Dentistry in the early Middle Ages].

PMID- 6364345
TI  - [Connective tissue regeneration and reattachment after periodontal therapy (a
      review of the literature)].

PMID- 6364346
TI  - [20 years of Scandinavian plaque pharmacology].

PMID- 6364347
TI  - [25 years of Swiss plaque pharmacology].

PMID- 6364348
TI  - [Endocrinology and animal production].

PMID- 6364349
TI  - [Joseph Guillerey, Porrentruy: 1st Swiss doctor of veterinary medicine. A jubilee
      passed unnoticed].

PMID- 6364350
TI  - Problems with EDB not over yet.

PMID- 6364351
TI  - Human physiology at extreme altitudes on Mount Everest.
AB  - Extreme altitude presents an enormous physiological challenge to the human body
      because of severe oxygen deprivation. The American Medical Research Expedition to
      Everest was specifically designed to study man under these conditions, and
      successfully obtained physiological data above 8000 meters, including a few
      measurements on the summit itself. The results show that man can tolerate the
      extreme hypoxia only by an enormous increase in ventilation, which results in an
      alveolar partial pressure of carbon dioxide of 7.5 torr on the summit and an
      arterial pH of over 7.7. Even so, the arterial partial pressure of oxygen is
      apparently less than 30 torr, and maximum oxygen uptake is about 1 liter per
      minute. Additional measurements of ventilation, blood physiology, and metabolic
      and psychometric changes clarified how man responds to this hostile environment.

PMID- 6364352
TI  - Shiga toxin: no smoking gun.

PMID- 6364353
TI  - Vitamin A: a potential inhibitor of human cancer.

PMID- 6364354
TI  - Adverse effects of large doses of vitamin A and retinoids.

PMID- 6364355
TI  - Vitamin C and cancer prevention.

PMID- 6364356
TI  - Possible adverse health effects of vitamin C and ascorbic acid.
AB  - Consensus from individual studies and several review articles is that consumption
      of supplemental vitamin C leads to no significant adverse health effects to
      humans in general. Individuals who have a history of kidney stone formation and
      those who experience iron overload should exercise caution before using
      supplemental vitamin C. Occasionally, individuals experience diarrhea or mild
      nausea. There is also the possibility that vitamin C taken simultaneously with
      other drugs may contribute to adverse health effects and that its interference in
      clinical laboratory tests will mask diagnosis of disease. Few controlled clinical
      trials exist that conclusively demonstrate the adverse health effects that humans
      may experience with supplemental vitamin C usage, and before definite conclusions
      can be made of the health hazards to humans, more clinical trials are required.

PMID- 6364357
TI  - Selenium and cancer prevention.

PMID- 6364358
TI  - Potential hazards of selenium as a chemopreventive agent.
AB  - Clinical and metabolic features of the trace element selenium and the full
      spectrum of its animal and human toxicity have been reviewed. The difficulties in
      coming to an easy understanding of the biologic properties of selenium stem from
      its multiple forms and complex metabolic and biochemical pathways. It is
      suggested that chemoprevention trials focus on the efficacy of organic and
      inorganic prototype forms such as selenomethionine and the selenite ion. While
      some appreciation of the toxic potential of these two prototype forms can be
      predicted from existing information, additional formal toxicology will be
      necessary, particularly for selenomethionine.

PMID- 6364359
TI  - Ethanolic beverage consumption, cigarette smoking, nutritional status, and
      digestive tract cancers.

PMID- 6364360
TI  - Possible genotoxic carcinogens in foods in relation to cancer causation.

PMID- 6364361
TI  - DNA determinations for prognosis and therapy control in prostatic cancer.

PMID- 6364362
TI  - The mechanism of action of estramustine.

PMID- 6364364
TI  - Metabolic aspects and actions unique to Estracyt.

PMID- 6364363
TI  - Estramustine phosphate (Estracyt): experimental and clinical studies in Europe.

PMID- 6364365
TI  - Experiences with estramustine phosphate (Estracyt, Emcyt) in prostate cancer.

PMID- 6364366
TI  - A randomized double blind crossover trial of diethylstilbestrol (DES) and
      estramustine phosphate (Emcyt) for stage D prostatic carcinoma.

PMID- 6364367
TI  - Estramustine--current status, 1983.

PMID- 6364368
TI  - [Clinical considerations on self-curing resin materials for making trays and base
      plates (1). Flow and dimensional stability].

PMID- 6364369
TI  - The lac carrier protein from Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6364370
TI  - Rickets in premature infants fed different formulas.
AB  - To study the role of formula as a cause of rickets, we randomly assigned 46 very
      low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants (less than or equal to 1,500 gm) to one of three
      groups receiving either Isomil, a soy isolate formula, Similac with Iron, a
      common milk-based formula, or Similac 24 LBW, a hypercaloric milk-based formula
      designed for low-birth-weight infants during the first three to four months of
      life. Postnatal changes in serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and
      albumin were monitored during this study. Radiologic diagnosis of rickets was
      made in 60% of infants fed Isomil and 5% fed Similac with Iron. Significantly low
      levels of serum phosphorus and high levels of serum alkaline phosphatase were
      also seen in infants fed Isomil. The exact cause of the biochemical changes and
      the high incidence of rickets among infants fed Isomil is not clear. Poor
      solubility and possibly the decreased bioavailability of minerals in soy isolate
      formula may be important. We conclude that rickets occurs with high frequency
      among VLBW infants fed soy isolate, but not milk-based formulas. We suggest that
      prolonged feeding of soy isolate formulas should be avoided in VLBW infants.

PMID- 6364371
TI  - Electrical stimulation of osteogenesis.
AB  - The three electrical stimulation systems available for treating nonunion of long
      bones are successful in approximately 85% of cases. The percutaneous direct
      current bone growth stimulator is partially invasive, allows patient mobility,
      can be used with magnetic fixation devices, and can be monitored for proper
      function, but it requires an operation, cannot be used where infection exists,
      and is subject to breakage. The implantable direct current bone growth stimulator
      is similar, but is totally invasive. The external pulsing electromagnetic field
      bone growth stimulator is noninvasive and can be used where infection exists, but
      it requires long, exact patient compliance and cannot be used with magnetic
      fixation devices or at certain sites. None of the systems can be used where
      synovial pseudarthrosis or a sizeable gap between bone ends exists, nor are they
      more effective than bone grafting. Whether their use might evoke malignant
      transformation or might accelerate or retard epiphyseal growth patterns is not
      known. Many controlled studies are needed before it is clear how commonly
      electrical stimulation should be used to treat bony ununion.

PMID- 6364372
TI  - What speech therapists can contribute.

PMID- 6364373
TI  - [Immunologic diagnosis of tuberculosis].

PMID- 6364374
TI  - [Treatment of essential hypertension with captopril. Possible explanation for the
      etiology of this disease].

PMID- 6364375
TI  - [The work of Stevan Koturovic and Bogoljub Jovanovic on suicides in Serbia from
      1845 to 1898 and from 1898 to 1907].

PMID- 6364376
TI  - [Dr. Aleksandar D. Kostic (6 March 1893--19 January 1983)].

PMID- 6364377
TI  - [Dr. Sava Ljubisavljevic (12 December 1912--18 March 1983)].

PMID- 6364378
TI  - [Renin activity in blood plasma and renovascular hypertension].

PMID- 6364379
TI  - [Pregnancy after kidney transplantation].

PMID- 6364380
TI  - [The role of proteases in the etiopathogeneis of pulmonary emphysema].

PMID- 6364381
TI  - [Giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica)].

PMID- 6364382
TI  - [Dr. George N. Papanicolaou (l3 May 1883--19 February 1962)].

PMID- 6364383
TI  - [The role of normal flora of the respiratory tract in infections caused by beta
      hemolytic group A Streptococci].

PMID- 6364384
TI  - [Adrenergic receptors. Physiologic and pathophysiologic regulation. Changes due
      to the effect of drugs].

PMID- 6364385
TI  - [Reminiscences of the Serbian Military Medical Service during the 2d Balkan War
      in 1913. From the memoirs of Dr. Julije Budisavljevic and his colleagues at the
      Surgical Clinic in Innsbruck].

PMID- 6364386
TI  - [Dr. Julije Budisavljevic (2 March 1882--5 May 1981)].

PMID- 6364387
TI  - [Procedure for the evaluation of anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents for the
      treatment of chronic rheumatoid arthritis: a standard adopted by the Drug
      Evaluation Committee of the Japan Rheumatism Association].

PMID- 6364388
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of diflunisal in rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 6364389
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of osteoarthritis of
      the knee].

PMID- 6364390
TI  - History of medicine. Alphonse Loewenthal (1903-1983)--the uncrowned king of
      dermatology in Africa.
AB  - The career and achievements of Dr L. J. A. Loewenthal, M.D., F.R.C.P., as a
      dermatologist in Africa are sketched. He made notable contributions to local
      dermatology. Starting in 1931 in Uganda with studies on tropical ulcer and
      vitamin A deficiency, he ended his career in Johannesburg 40 years later with
      investigations on the skin of miners. Over this period it is doubtful whether any
      dermatologist on the African continent equalled his accomplishments.

PMID- 6364391
TI  - Intestinal obstruction and fresh oranges.

PMID- 6364392
TI  - Prediction of acute cardiac rejection using radionuclide techniques.
AB  - Radionuclide scanning of the donor left ventricle using technetium-99m-labelled
      red cells was used to monitor acute rejection after heterotopic heart
      transplantation and compared with histopathological evidence of rejection
      obtained at examination of an endomyocardial biopsy specimen. The ejection
      fraction and end-diastolic, end-systolic and stroke volumes were calculated at
      each examination; an equation was derived from these data to predict the degree
      of acute rejection, using histopathological examination of endomyocardial biopsy
      specimens as criteria of the presence and severity of rejection. A highly
      significant multiple correlation between radionuclide scanning parameters and
      endomyocardial biopsy was found. The advantages of non-invasive radionuclide
      scanning over the invasive procedure of endomyocardial biopsy are discussed.

PMID- 6364393
TI  - Halothane hepatitis and the anaesthesiologist.
AB  - There is no longer any doubt that liver dysfunction following surgery and
      anaesthesia may sometimes be attributable to the inhalational anaesthetic agent
      halothane. Much controversy still surrounds the entity of halothane hepatitis,
      which continues to vex the practising anaesthesiologist. The incidence,
      causation, pathogenesis and diagnosis of halothane hepatitis are presented, and
      the safety and practicality of halothane administration in the presence of liver
      dysfunction are discussed.

PMID- 6364394
TI  - Nostalgia and alligator bite--morbidity and mortality among Indian migrants to
      Natal, 1884-1911.
AB  - Reported causes of death (1899-1911) and of admission to hospital (1884-1910) of
      Indian migrants to Natal are analysed, and an attempt is made to relate them to
      the circumstances and way of life of the community. The most frequently reported
      causes of death were pneumonia, enteritis and pulmonary tuberculosis; the
      commonest reason for admission was venereal disease. Fluctuations in reported
      mortality and morbidity from year to year were most marked for malaria, with a
      formidable epidemic in 1905-1906. Typhoid fever and diphtheria were uncommon, as
      were diabetes and the sequelae of arteriosclerosis.

PMID- 6364395
TI  - Clinical trial of a milk formula for infants of low birth weight.
AB  - An infant milk formula specially designed to meet the specific needs of the small
      premature infant was compared with a modified infant milk formula in common use.
      Healthy infants of very low birth weight were fed with either the specially
      designed infant milk formula or the standard modified infant milk formula. No
      statistically significant differences between the two groups of infants were
      found, although the weight gain, skinfold thickness, serum total protein, albumin
      and calcium values were marginally better at 28 days in the group fed with the
      specially designed formula.

PMID- 6364396
TI  - Early introduction of milk feeds in acute infantile gastro-enteritis. A
      controlled study.
AB  - A blind controlled trial was performed to test the hypothesis that early
      introduction of full-strength cow's milk (FCM) during an attack of acute
      infantile gastroenteritis does not prolong the course of the illness. A total of
      74 children matched for age was admitted to the trial, which compared the effect
      of FCM with that of graduated milk (the strength of which was gradually
      increased). Thirteen children (17.5%) were withdrawn because of lactose
      malabsorption; of those remaining, 29 were given FCM and 32 graduated milk. The
      mean duration of diarrhoea was 2,62 days for those on FCM and 2,64 days for those
      given graduated milk (P = 0,71, not significant). Early introduction of FCM
      therefore does not prolong the course of acute infantile gastroenteritis. Because
      of the prevalence of malnutrition in South Africa the practice of giving clear
      fluids or diluted milk during an attack of gastro-enteritis is unnecessary and
      dangerous.

PMID- 6364397
TI  - The frequency of hepatitis B surface antigen in membranous nephropathy in black
      and white South Africans.
AB  - A series of 244 renal biopsy specimens obtained from patients with
      glomerulonephritis included 21 from patients with membranous nephropathy (MN). Of
      these patients 14 (10,7%) were Black, 1 was Indian and 6 were White (5,5%). It is
      suggested that the high frequency of MN in Black patients may be associated with
      the high carrier rate (7 - 10%) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the Black
      population. Twenty of the 21 renal specimens were investigated for deposits of
      hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method.
      HBsAg deposits were found in 13 of the specimens obtained from Black patients, in
      the specimen obtained from the Indian patient and in 1 of the 6 specimens
      obtained from White patients. HBV appears to be an important aetiological factor
      in MN in Black South African patients.

PMID- 6364399
TI  - Pharmacodynamics and tolerability of low doses of tendamistate given with starch.
AB  - Six healthy male volunteers participated in a double-blind cross-over study in
      which 12,5 mg, 25 mg, or 50 mg tendamistate (HOE 467), an alpha-amylase
      inactivator, or placebo were administered with 100 g maize meal, which contains
      85,5 g pure starch. Serial blood specimens for measurement of plasma glucose
      concentrations, which served as a criterion of starch absorption, were taken up
      to 3 hours after each starch meal, and side-effects were recorded. The
      administration of HOE 467 with a starch meal resulted in a significant inhibition
      of starch absorption. Side-effects were not severe. Flatulence occurred in the
      placebo phase as well as after administration of the active drug. Loose stools
      were reported by 1 subject after 25 mg tendamistate.

PMID- 6364398
TI  - Pre-operative assessment of cardiac patients for non-cardiac surgery.
AB  - Non-cardiac surgery presents significant risks to patients with cardiac diseases.
      With the improvement in anaesthetic techniques and intensive care facilities,
      many cardiac patients who in the past would have been considered as being at too
      great a risk are now being considered for non-cardiac surgery. Smaller centres
      must still practise strict selection of patients if they do not possess an
      intensive care unit with facilities for full haemodynamic monitoring. We present
      a review of the recent literature and current practice at our hospital to assist
      clinicians in assessing these patients for anaesthesia. However, the final
      decision whether the patient is fit for anaesthesia still rests with the
      anaesthetist.

PMID- 6364400
TI  - Acyclovir ointment does not affect the dark-field examination in primary
      syphilis.
AB  - In the cases of two patients and in a rabbit with experimental syphilis,
      treatment of primary syphilis lesions with 5% acyclovir ointment did not affect
      detection of Treponema pallidum by dark-field microscopy. These results indicate
      that the dark-field examination need not be delayed in patients whose genital
      ulcers have been treated with acyclovir ointment.

PMID- 6364401
TI  - The demonstration of the immobilizing antibody for Treponema pallidum (TPI test).

PMID- 6364402
TI  - Sexually transmitted diseases and homosexuality.
AB  - An epidemic of sexually transmitted diseases, culminating in the emergence of
      acquired immune-deficiency states, has developed among homosexually active men
      during the past ten to 15 years. This epidemic is reviewed in relation to
      causative factors, priorities for control, and recommendations for control and
      prevention. Causative factors are divided into physical, behavioral, cultural,
      and political factors. Given the complicated interactions of these factors and
      the numerous diseases epidemic in the homosexuality active population, priorities
      need to be established for research and control programs that take into account
      the overall health impact of each disease and the effectiveness of available and
      potential resources. Finally, educational programs must be developed that will
      overcome the limited effectiveness of public health control efforts in this area,
      or we may expect even more serious and widespread health care problems.

PMID- 6364403
TI  - Mycoplasma hominis: historical outline and taxonomy.
AB  - Although known as a separate group of organisms since 1898, the isolation in 1937
      of a human genital mycoplasma represented the first observation of the
      association of this group of organisms with humans, a discovery that provided the
      impetus for extensive investigations of the interactions of mycoplasmas with the
      human host. These studies showed that mycoplasmas were frequent inhabitants of
      the mucous membranes of the urogenital and upper respiratory tracts. In early
      studies of human mycoplasmas, they were not speciated but were assigned to this
      group of organisms almost exclusively on the basis of cultural characteristics.
      However, differentiation between groups of human genital and oral mycoplasmas
      based on cultural, morphologic, biochemical, and serologic properties was
      achieved in 1953. A few years later formal proposals for the establishment of
      three human species of Mycoplasma (including Mycoplasma hominis) were made, along
      with suggestions for a new classification and nomenclature of the mycoplasmas.
      Serologic, genetic, and other data clearly show that M. hominis does constitute a
      relatively heterogeneous group of organisms. However, although this heterogeneity
      has practical implications for identification of isolates of M. hominis and for
      demonstration of antibodies to M. hominis, further studies are necessary to
      justify formal recognition of a taxonomic subdivision of M. hominis into distinct
      serovars. Investigations of the role of M. hominis as a potential human pathogen
      date back to the very first years of its discovery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6364404
TI  - Morphology of the cells and colonies of Mycoplasma hominis.
AB  - Studies of the morphology Mycoplasma hominis have shown that the cells resemble
      those of small coccoid or ovoid bacteria; the microstructure of the organism is
      compatible with reproduction by a fission process. Although dividing forms with
      equal-sized lobes are common, fragmenting filaments and replicating buds
      sometimes occur, perhaps in response to suboptimal growth conditions. Data based
      on morphometric analysis show that cells of M. hominis ATCC 14027 have average
      dimensions of 0.27 X 0.74 micron and a mean diameter of 0.42 micron. The volume
      of a M. hominis cell was only about 60% of that of Ureaplasma urealyticum T960, a
      species that has a mean cell diameter of 0.5 micron and that is sometimes a
      pathogen of the human genital tract. There are wide variations in the colonial
      morphology of M. hominis.

PMID- 6364405
TI  - Enzyme immunoassay for serum antibody to Mycoplasma hominis in women with acute
      pelvic inflammatory disease.
AB  - A sensitive, four-layer modification of an enzyme immunoassay was developed for
      the determination of serum antibodies to Mycoplasma hominis. The suitability of
      the test for diagnostic use was studied with women who had acute pelvic
      inflammatory disease (PID). Twenty (23%) of 86 women with PID from whom paired
      sera were obtained demonstrated a significant change in levels of IgG antibody, a
      finding suggestive of recent infection with M. hominis. The occurrence of such
      change was not related to the isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae from the lower genital tract. Women with PID had significantly higher
      levels of IgG and IgA antibody to M. hominis, whereas the amount of IgM
      antibodies present did not differ between the groups. Levels of IgG antibody
      increased and those of IgM antibody decreased with increasing age. This change
      was found both among women with PID and among controls.

PMID- 6364406
TI  - Occurrence and pathogenicity of Mycoplasma hominis in the upper urinary tract: a
      review.
AB  - In two studies Mycoplasma hominis was isolated from the upper urinary tracts of
      seven of 80 patients with symptoms of acute pyelonephritis and three of 18
      patients with signs of acute exacerbation of chronic pyelonephritis. M. hominis
      was not recovered from the upper urinary tract of 22 patients with chronic
      pyelonephritis without acute exacerbation or from 60 patients with noninfectious
      urinary tract disease. In an additional study, specimens were cultured from
      patients with antibodies to M. hominis in urine. All of these patients had acute
      pyelonephritis; M. hominis was isolated from the upper urinary tract of seven
      patients. Thus, M. hominis was cultured from the upper urinary tract of a total
      of 17 patients. No other microorganisms were recovered from 12 of these patients.
      The titer of antibody to M. hominis significantly increased or decreased in the
      serum of 13 patients, and antibodies were demonstrated in the urine of nine.
      These results suggest that M. hominis may be a cause of acute pyelonephritis in
      humans; the organism is estimated to account for approximately 5% of such cases.
      The clinical signs of infection in the patients studied were subtle, and the
      symptoms did not involve the lower urinary tract. The diagnosis of acute
      pyelonephritis due to M. hominis can be established by culture of the organism
      from the upper urinary tract and its likely if antibodies are present in urine;
      in contrast, culture of M. hominis from catheter-collected urine or detection of
      a serum antibody response is not sufficient evidence for this diagnosis.

PMID- 6364407
TI  - Antimicrobial susceptibility and susceptibility testing of Mycoplasma hominis: a
      review.
AB  - The determination of the minimal growth-inhibiting concentration (MIC), the
      minimal metabolism-inhibiting concentration (MMC), and the minimal
      mycoplasmacidal concentration (MCC) of various antimicrobial compounds for
      Mycoplasma hominis is influenced by the pH of the test media, the inoculum size,
      and the incubation time, although each of these factors generally do not affect
      the minimal concentration more than fourfold. M. hominis is resistant to beta
      lactam antibiotics, vancomycin, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, and polymyxin B.
      There are great differences in the susceptibility of M. hominis to various
      macrolide antibiotics. Thus the organism is resistant to erythromycin and
      oleandomycin, moderately resistant to tylosin and spiramycin, susceptible to
      josamycin as well as to another macrolide drug, labelled M-4365G. M. hominis is
      also highly susceptible to the macrolide-like compound rosaramicin and to the
      tetracyclines (although resistant strains occur). It is susceptible to lincomycin
      and clindamycin, and moderately susceptible to chloramphenicol and rifampicin.
      The aminoglycosides have limited activity against M. hominis.

PMID- 6364408
TI  - [Successful prosthesis in a case with a few missing teeth].

PMID- 6364409
TI  - [Partial dentures with structures and functions similar to the bridge].

PMID- 6364410
TI  - [Lateral free-ending saddle type denture (Class II) and rigid support].

PMID- 6364411
TI  - [Prosthesis using adhesives for a case with a few missing teeth].

PMID- 6364412
TI  - [Functional stress of abutments in free-end saddle partial denture rigidly
      supported by abutments].

PMID- 6364413
TI  - [Furcation involvement and its management in dental clinics. 2].

PMID- 6364414
TI  - [Miscellaneous records of medico-dental and pharmacological history. 45.
      Advertisement of dental medicine. 1890].

PMID- 6364415
TI  - [Prosthetics for cases with decreased occlusal vertical dimension].

PMID- 6364416
TI  - [Osseointegrated implants developed by Professor Per-Ingvar Branemark. Case
      reports].

PMID- 6364417
TI  - [Miscellaneous records of medico-dental and pharmacological history. 46.
      Advertisements of dental medicine. Shinpel Izawa and his works].

PMID- 6364418
TI  - [Adhesive resins for partial denture].

PMID- 6364419
TI  - [Miscellaneous records of medico-dental and pharmacological history (48).
      Publication in 1690 (2)].

PMID- 6364420
TI  - Possibility in recognition of the latent cardiovascular morbidity (a computer
      assisted non-invasive screening method).

PMID- 6364421
TI  - The implications of the oxidation of lipids and anti-oxidizers for sanogenesis.

PMID- 6364422
TI  - [Hemolytic-uremic syndrome and prostaglandins].

PMID- 6364423
TI  - [Treatment of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombopenic purpura].

PMID- 6364424
TI  - Risk factors in the development of cesarean section infection.
AB  - Fifty consecutive patients undergoing cesarean section were evaluated
      prospectively. A data collection form was developed and 113 variables relating to
      demographic features, antepartum care, intrapartum events and postpartum course
      were evaluated. All of the patients were seen and evaluated within 24 hours of
      delivery and all forms were completed when the patients were discharged from the
      hospital. Twenty-five of the 50 patients had postpartum febrile morbidity
      develop. There were 14 instances of endometritis; five, wound infections; two,
      urinary tract infections; two, upper respiratory tract infections; three
      pulmonary infections; one patient with phlebitis, and two with febrile morbidity
      and no apparent source. Factors significantly associated with an increased risk
      of developing febrile morbidity included antepartum infections, resident staff as
      primary surgeon, extension of the uterine incision and positive endometrial
      culture at the time of the operation. Patients undergoing elective repeat
      cesarean section had less febrile morbidity than others (p less than 0.025).
      Statistically significant differences between the two groups were not found for
      the variables obesity, anemia, rupture of membranes, number of pelvic
      examinations, fetal monitoring, fetal tachycardia, general anesthesia and skin
      preparation. Operative blood loss was greater in the patients having febrile
      morbidity develop, but this difference was not statistically significant.

PMID- 6364426
TI  - Historical perspective of gallstone disease.

PMID- 6364425
TI  - A comparison of topical and systemic cefazolin for wound prophylaxis.
AB  - An experimental wound infection model was used to compare the effectiveness of
      topical and systemic cefazolin in the prevention of wound infection. Studies were
      conducted using both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as the
      contaminating organisms. Regardless of the wound pathogen studied, there were no
      significant differences between topical and systemic cefazolin with regard to
      wound bacterial concentrations and the incidence of wound infection.

PMID- 6364427
TI  - Mechanisms and etiologic factors of pulmonary edema.

PMID- 6364429
TI  - Complement, viruses, and virus-infected cells.

PMID- 6364430
TI  - The role of complement in host resistance to bacteria.

PMID- 6364428
TI  - Synthesis of complement by macrophages and modulation of their functions through
      complement activation.
AB  - During the last decade considerable progress has been made to characterize
      intimate functional links between macrophages, a major cellular component of
      immunoinflammatory responses, and the complement system representing the major
      humoral mediator of inflammation. Macrophages of various species and tissue sites
      have been shown to synthesize and release most of the complement components
      providing these cells with their own "pericellular" complement system.
      Circumstantial evidence for the assembly of both classical and alternative
      pathway convertases has been adduced. An intricate network of feedback loops
      involving endogenous and extrinsic factors operates to adjust complement
      production to acute requirements, for example augmenting production in the face
      of accelerated turnover at sites of inflammation, and returning it to baseline
      levels once the inflammatory stimulus has subsided, in order to maintain a fine
      tuned balance. The molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of complement
      synthesis by macrophages are beginning to be elucidated by use of gene
      technology. On the other hand, complement activation products exert a number of
      effects on macrophages via specific surface receptors causing internalization of
      offending agents, microbes, and immune complexes, promotion of intracellular
      killing, controlling migration behavior, inducing release of potent biologic
      substances such as lysosomal enzymes, arachidonic acid metabolites, and
      interleukin 1. In these interactions, two important humoral mediator systems of
      inflammation, the complement system and the arachidonic acid cascade, are
      functionally linked at the level of the macrophage. Stimulation of the release of
      immunomodulating compounds from macrophages invoke a role for complement in
      immune regulation. This multifaceted interplay is of particular importance
      considering the mobility of macrophages that allows them to gain almost
      unrestricted access to sites of ongoing immunoinflammatory responses. The time
      seems to have come to abandon the petrified thinking in socalled systems as, for
      instance, humoral versus cellular, specific versus unspecific, and to proceed to
      interlocking functions guided by physiology proper.

PMID- 6364431
TI  - The role of antibody in the activation of the alternative complement pathway.

PMID- 6364433
TI  - Historical note.

PMID- 6364434
TI  - [Experimental study and clinical observations of EM self-curing sealant].

PMID- 6364435
TI  - Gastric bariatric operation in insulin-treated adults.
AB  - Gastric bariatric operation has been advocated to ameliorate adult-onset diabetes
      mellitus in the morbidly obese patient. However, there are few data to support
      this. In this clinical study we report the cases of 23 insulin-treated, morbidly
      obese, adult-onset diabetes (type II) patients who underwent gastric bariatric
      operations for weight reduction. Preoperative insulin requirements ranged from 10
      to 230 U/day (mean 74 U/day). After operation, 14 patients discontinued insulin,
      and seven patients decreased their insulin requirement by 72% (100 to 28 U/day).
      Two patients were lost to follow-up. Six patients were admitted to the Clinical
      Research Unit before and after operation to evaluate the effects of surgically
      induced weight loss on fasting blood glucose levels, hemoglobin A1C insulin
      resistance, and glucose tolerance. Weight loss at the time of postoperative
      studies ranged between 22.5 and 49.1 kg (mean 30.6 kg). Fasting blood glucose
      levels decreased 48% (mean 321 mg/dl before operation to 166 mg/dl after
      operation). Hemoglobin A1C levels improved from a mean of 11.8% to 7.9%. Insulin
      resistance assessed in four patients by measurement of glucose clearance during
      insulin and glucose infusion improved from a mean of 77 ml/min before operation
      to 228 ml/min after operation. Glucose tolerance was quantitated by determination
      of glucose disappearance during intravenous glucose tolerance test. The mean
      glucose disappearance improved from 0.176% to 0.385%/min following operation.
      This study provides clinical and laboratory evidence indicating significant
      improvement of insulin-treated diabetes mellitus in morbidly obese patients who
      have lost weight following gastric bariatric operation.

PMID- 6364432
TI  - The role of complement in immune clearance of blood cells.

PMID- 6364436
TI  - [The thyroid gland and diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 6364437
TI  - Impermeability of the rat placenta to insulin during organogenesis.
AB  - The cause of the embryopathy associated with diabetes mellitus is uncertain. To
      examine whether exogenously administered insulin may be teratogenic, tracer
      amounts of radiolabelled insulin were infused for two hours during organogenesis
      (day 12 1/2 of gestation) into three groups of pregnant rats: control (n = 8),
      diabetic (n = 5), and hyperinsulinemic (n = 4). For maternal plasma, no
      differences were found among the three study groups in the percentage of the
      protein-precipitable (insulin-containing) radioactivity. Tissue radioactivities
      were expressed relative to the two-hour maternal plasma sample. Maternal kidney
      samples had the highest total and protein precipitable counts followed in
      descending order by the maternal plasma, maternal liver, placenta, and embryo. No
      differences in radioactivities were noted among the three study groups for
      specific tissues studied. Protein-precipitable radioactivities in the embryo were
      more than 100-fold less than the maternal plasma values. In 11 of the 17 litters,
      the acid-insoluble fractions of the embryos were not distinguishable from
      background counts, and none of the remaining six were greater than twice
      background. These studies demonstrate that during the period of organogenesis,
      the rat embryo is protected from maternal insulin by the placenta, and hence,
      maternal insulin is an unlikely teratogen.

PMID- 6364438
TI  - Texas physicians' directory.

PMID- 6364439
TI  - Therapeutic aerosols 1--physical and practical considerations.

PMID- 6364441
TI  - Effect of naloxone on circadian rhythms in lung function.
AB  - To determine whether the endogenous opioid peptides play a part in the
      pathogenesis of asthmatic morning dipping, six patients with chronic asthma with
      a reproducible peak flow pattern of morning dipping were investigated in a double
      blind, randomised, crossover study of naloxone versus placebo. Naloxone was given
      as a loading dose of 8 mg followed by a continuous infusion of 5.6 mg/h from
      midnight until 10 am on two consecutive nights. Naloxone had no significant
      effect on PEFR, FEV1, or FVC at 6 am. There was, however, an improvement over
      placebo values in all these indices between the hours of 8 am and 8 pm on the day
      after the first naloxone infusion in all six patients. This effect was not
      observed after the second naloxone infusion.

PMID- 6364440
TI  - The evolution of cardiac surgery in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 6364442
TI  - Ionisers in the management of bronchial asthma.
AB  - Because of recent interest in the possible benefits to asthmatic patients of
      negative ion generators and the largely uncontrolled and inconclusive nature of
      earlier studies a double blind crossover study of this treatment was carried out
      in 20 subjects with stable asthma over six months. After an initial two week
      period without an ioniser, active or placebo ionisers were installed in subjects'
      bedrooms for two eight week periods separated by a four week "washout" period
      when no ioniser was present. The study was completed by a final four week period
      when no ioniser was present. Subjects were randomly allocated to receive an
      active or a placebo ioniser first. Subjects recorded their peak expiratory flow
      rate (PEFR) twice daily, completed a daily symptom score questionnaire, and noted
      any treatment they took on a diary card. Recordings were completed throughout the
      trial. Ion counts and dust concentrations were measured in subjects' bedrooms
      during the study. Mean ion counts rose considerably when ionisers were activated
      (p less than 0.001). There were no significant differences in PEFR, symptom
      score, or consumption of medication between the periods that active ionisers and
      either no ionisers or placebo ionisers were in operation. This study has failed
      to show a statistically significant benefit in asthmatic subjects from the use of
      negative ion generators.

PMID- 6364443
TI  - Interstitial pneumonitis secondary to azathioprine in a renal transplant patient.

PMID- 6364444
TI  - Effect of prior bronchoconstriction on the airway response to histamine in normal
      subjects.
AB  - We have examined the effect of prior bronchoconstriction on the bronchial
      responsiveness to inhaled histamine in nine normal subjects. The airway response
      to increasing concentrations of histamine aerosol was assessed by measurement of
      specific airways conductance (sGaw) in a body plethysmograph. The threshold
      provocative dose of histamine needed to cause a 35% fall in starting sGaw (PD35)
      and the steepest slope of the response were measured from cumulative log dose
      response curves. Histamine challenges were performed in duplicate after
      premedication with 0.9% sodium chloride (control) or methacholine aerosol on
      separate days. The mean starting sGaw did not change significantly after
      inhalation of 0.9% sodium chloride but methacholine caused a mean reduction in
      sGaw of 42%. Mean control PD35 values did not differ significantly from mean PD35
      values after methacholine. The mean steepest slope of the response after
      methacoline was 47% lower than the mean control value. There was a significant
      linear relationship between starting sGaw and the steepest slope for the control
      and for the methacholine premedicated challenges. The reduction in slope after
      methacholine was accounted for by the fall in starting sGaw. Because histamine
      PD35 was not altered by prior bronchoconstriction, it is concluded that the
      bronchial hyperresponsiveness of asthmatic subjects to non-specific
      bronchoconstrictor stimuli is unlikely to be a direct consequence of their low
      starting airway calibre.

PMID- 6364445
TI  - Pulmonary malakoplakia.

PMID- 6364446
TI  - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to Aspergillus fumigatus in compost.

PMID- 6364447
TI  - Fibrinolytic activity and the effects of beta-pyridylcarbinol (Ronicol) in
      patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans of lower extremities were
      treated with beta-pyridylcarbinol (Ronicol) for five weeks. The long-term therapy
      with beta-pyridylcarbinol did not influence platelet aggregability. Activation of
      the fibrinolytic system was observed. This fibrinolytic effect of Ronicol was
      abolished in patients treated with aspirin. In most cases a slight clinical
      improvement was seen, manifested by elongation of pain-free walking distance and
      increased blood flow in affected limbs. It is concluded that the therapeutic
      effect of Ronicol in humans may be partly mediated by the release of endogenous
      prostacyclin.

PMID- 6364448
TI  - Estradiol suppresses electrically-induced arterial thrombosis by increasing
      prostaglandin biosynthesizing activity of the aorta in rats.
AB  - The anti-thrombotic effect of estradiol was studied using an electrically induced
      thrombus model in rats. Estradiol treatment significantly inhibited the thrombus
      formation induced by electric shock. In the meantime, a stimulation of
      prostacyclin biosynthesis by estradiol in aortas was found. This is the first
      report showing the correlation between the effects of the estradiol on the
      thrombus formation in an experimental model and on the prostacyclin production by
      aortas in the same animal system.

PMID- 6364449
TI  - The survival of pig to rabbit renal xenografts during inhibition of thromboxane
      synthesis.
AB  - Five rabbits treated with the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor Dazoxiben and five
      control rabbits received pig renal xenografts. Plasma albumin, complement factor
      C3, TXB2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and serum TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were determined
      before and 1/2 hour after transplantation. The xenograft survival was
      significantly decreased in the Dazoxiben treated animals compared to the placebo
      treated animals determined as time to total cyanosis of the graft, total urine
      production, and time to stop of urine production. Lack of TXB2 production during
      blood coagulation confirmed inhibition of platelet thromboxane synthesis. The
      other determined variables showed no significant differences between the treated
      and the placebo animals.

PMID- 6364450
TI  - Ethanol inhibits platelet thromboxane A2 production but has no effect on lung
      prostacyclin synthesis in humans.
AB  - Ethanol (88-880 mmol/l) inhibited the formation of proaggregatory,
      vasoconstricting thromboxane A2 (TxA2) during whole blood clotting and during
      thrombin-induced aggregation of platelet rich plasma. This inhibition was
      counteracted by the addition of exogenous arachidonic acid, which suggested that
      ethanol suppressed the liberation of arachidonic acid, evidently by inhibiting
      phospholipase A2. Ethanol had no effect on the formation of prostacyclin (PGI2,
      epoprostenol), the endogenous antagonist of TxA2, by human lung. Thus our results
      suggest that ethanol may shift the balance between TxA2 and PGI2 to the dominance
      of antiaggregatory, vasodilating PGI2 by suppressing the release of arachidonic
      acid in platelets. This finding might partly explain why ethanol protects against
      atherosclerosis and also the increased risk of subarachnoidal haemorrhage after
      heavy ethanol intake.

PMID- 6364452
TI  - [Phosgene poisoning].
AB  - Phosgene, a combat gaz of the first world war is now very used in industry.
      Authors report a few observations about acute intoxications in the manufacture of
      this gaz in Toulouse. They insist about the risks of slow coming out lung oedema
      when safety instructions are not correctly followed. However better knowledge and
      observance of these instructions permitted a reduction of these intoxications in
      number and gravity.

PMID- 6364451
TI  - Alterations of the cytoplasmic organization of WIRL cells induced by
      trifluoperazine.
AB  - The antipsychotic drug trifluoperazine (TFP) causes a reversible rounding of
      cells of the rat liver epithelial cell line, WIRL. We have investigated the
      cytoplasmic organization of these cells after TFP treatment using SEM, TEM and
      immunofluorescence and have observed significant differences between the control
      and treated cells. Mitochondria are converted to the condensed configuration with
      distended cristae and the endoplasmic reticulum becomes tubular with distended
      cisternae. Intermediate filaments, visualized with a monoclonal antibody, are
      aggregated to a cap on the nucleus in an arrangement different from that induced
      by colcemid.

PMID- 6364453
TI  - Immunohistochemical fate of ochratoxin A in mice.
AB  - By a highly specific antibody against ochratoxin A (OA), the immunohistochemical
      fate of po administered OA in Swiss mice given a single dose of 25 mg/kg was
      examined by light microscopy with two immunoperoxidase methods, an indirect
      method and a peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Immunohistochemical staining for
      OA was demonstrated in the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, kidneys, and
      liver. OA was most intense in the gastrointestinal tract, intermediate in the
      kidneys, and least in the liver. In the gastrointestinal tract, OA was
      demonstrable: (i) in the squamous layer of the esophagus, (ii) in the surface
      mucus and within macrophages and neutrophils of the stomach lamina propria, (iii)
      within the cytoplasm of duodenal and jejunal surface epithelial cells as well as
      within macrophages and neutrophils of the duodenal and jejunal lamina propria.
      Maximal gastrointestinal tract staining was evident from 5 min to 3 hr, while the
      esophagus remained stained for 24 hr postdosing. No evidence of OA was obtained
      in the ileum. In the kidneys, the vast majority of OA was localized within the
      cytoplasm of the proximal convoluted tubular cells as brown-stained vacuoles,
      whose size became largest at 3 hr postdosing. Staining for OA was also
      demonstrated within the epithelium of distal convoluted tubules, the macula
      densa, the loop of Henle, and sometimes within the epithelium of Bowman's capsule
      and glomerulus. OA in hepatocytes was most intense between 40 min and 3 hr
      postdosing. Stained hepatocytes were slightly more concentrated in the periportal
      area than in the area of the central vein and typically exhibited strong
      cytoplasmic but weak and infrequent nuclear staining. Biliary excretion of OA was
      demonstrated, since OA was localized in the lumina of biliary ducts but not
      within biliary cells.

PMID- 6364454
TI  - Immunoperoxidase localization of T-2 toxin.
AB  - Antibody against T-2 toxin was used for monitoring the fate of T-2 toxin in mice
      given a single po dose of 11 mg/kg by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method.
      T-2 toxin was demonstrable in the esophagus from 5 min to about 24 hr postdosing.
      In the stomach, T-2 toxin was detected within the cytoplasm of intact and injured
      epithelial cells. In the duodenum, T-2 toxin was primarily localized within the
      surface epithelium and phagocytic elements (macrophages and neutrophils) of the
      duodenal lamina propria, especially toward the tips of the villi. Following
      sloughing of duodenal villous tips, the recovering villous tip epithelial cells
      frequently showed both cytoplasmic and nuclear T-2 toxin. The jejunum showed weak
      T-2 toxin within the cytoplasm of villous tip epithelial cells only. The ileum
      never demonstrated T-2 toxin. Tissue response in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract
      was characterized by transient edema, marked cytolysis and sloughing, and a
      subsequent leukocytic invasion of the stomach and proximal small intestine.
      Evidence of severe gastric and less severe duodenal bleeding was apparent and
      associated with a marked loss of gastric epithelium and intestinal villous tips.
      The kidney medulla contained the majority of T-2 toxin stain. T-2 toxin was noted
      within the distal tubular cells, the cells of the collecting tubules, and the
      epithelium covering the papilla. T-2 toxin was never demonstrated in any of the
      hepatic tissue examined.

PMID- 6364455
TI  - Determination of the proximate teratogen of the mouse fetal alcohol syndrome. 1.
      Teratogenicity of ethanol and acetaldehyde.
AB  - The proximate teratogen of the fetal alcohol syndrome is unknown. CD-1 mice were
      treated ip on Day 10 of gestation with 2, 4, 6, or 7 g/kg ethanol. The percentage
      of resorptions and malformed fetuses was increased and mean fetal weight was
      decreased in a dose-related manner. Treatment with 7 g/kg ethanol ip on one of
      gestational Days 7, 8, 9, 10, or 11 significantly increased the percentage of
      malformed fetuses and decreased fetal weight. In addition, treatment on Days 10
      or 11 significantly increased the percentage of resorptions. Coadministration of
      100 mg/kg of 4-methylpyrazole, an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, orally with
      6 g/kg ethanol ip on Day 10 of gestation dramatically increased the
      embryotoxicity of ethanol. Five ip treatments of 200 mg/kg acetaldehyde at 2-hr
      intervals on Day 10 of gestation did not significantly increase the percentage of
      resorptions and malformed fetuses or decrease fetal weight. These data suggest
      that ethanol is the proximate teratogen of the fetal alcohol syndrome in CD-1
      mice.

PMID- 6364456
TI  - Quantitative correlation between the metabolism and the mutagenic activity of N
      nitrosopyrrolidine.
AB  - The metabolism of N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPyrr) via alpha-hydroxylation is
      modified by pretreatments of the animals with compounds which affect the
      microsomal level of cytochrome P-450 and by addition, in vitro, of 2
      diethylaminoethyl-2,2-diphenyl valerate hydrochloride (SKF 525-A), an inhibitor
      of cytochrome P-450. This phenomenon is due exclusively to the induction or the
      inhibition of the enzymatic activity involved in the microsomal metabolism. After
      preincubation in liquid medium, the mutagenic activity of NPyrr towards the
      Salmonella typhimurium strain TA 1530 is similarly modified by these effectors. A
      similar effect is not observed when using the plate incorporation method. The
      mutagenic intermediate is formed by the microsomal fraction. The presence of the
      S. typhimurium strain TA 1530 decrease the transformation of NPyrr into its
      ultimate metabolite (1,4-butanediol); there is a relationship between the
      formation of 1,4-butanediol and the mutagenic activity of NPyrr. The S.
      typhimurium strain TA 1530 is able to partially transform 4-hydroxybutanal, the
      first identifiable microsomal metabolite of NPyrr, into its ultimate metabolite
      (1,4-butanediol).

PMID- 6364457
TI  - Sublethal toxicity of malathion on the proteases and free amino acid composition
      in the liver of the teleost, Tilapia mossambica (Peters).
AB  - Exposure of fish to a sublethal concentration of malathion showed a significant
      inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. The levels of protease were
      markedly elevated with a consequent increase in most of the free amino acids.
      However, the levels of glutamic acid and valine, phenylalanine and methionine
      complex remained unchanged, while aspartic acid showed a marked drop. These
      changes are discussed in relation to the sublethal stress induced by malathion.

PMID- 6364458
TI  - Role of some radioprotectors on 59Fe uptake in bone marrow after whole-body gamma
      irradiation to mice.
AB  - 59Fe uptake in the femur has been studied at four time intervals up to 10 days in
      mice receiving pretreatment with hydroxytryptophan (HT), AET, MPG and combination
      of HT and AET or MPG and exposed to 6 Gy whole-body gamma irradiation. MPG or 20
      mg/kg dose of AET pretreatment has failed to improve upon the 59Fe uptake
      depression induced by the gamma irradiation to mice at any of the time intervals.
      AET (200 mg/kg), HT + AET (20 mg/kg) and HT + MPG treatments though have failed
      to prevent the initial 59Fe uptake depression induced by the irradiation, have
      helped a speedy recovery in the iron uptake so that normal level of uptake is
      obtained on the 7th day. Pretreatment with the HT dose also helps in a speedy
      recovery as judged on the 7th day and a normal 59Fe uptake is reached in these
      animals by the 10th day.

PMID- 6364459
TI  - Combination chemotherapy in metastatic or recurrent non-small cell bronchogenic
      carcinoma. 5-year results.
AB  - A controlled clinical trial was performed to test two different chemotherapy
      regimens (doxorubicin + cyclophosphamide + vincristine versus CCNU + vincristine)
      in 100 patients with metastatic or recurrent non-small cell bronchogenic
      carcinoma. There was no significant difference between treatment groups in
      survival or in response. Only 4 patients had a partial remission and there were
      no complete responders. Median survival was 7 months and 8 patients lived over
      two years, one patient is still alive (65 + months). The benefit of combined
      chemotherapy in non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma remains minimal.

PMID- 6364461
TI  - [Results of prosthetic treatment of jaw defects due to tumors].

PMID- 6364460
TI  - [Metallographic and electrochemical studies in the materials-specific processing
      of silver-palladium casting alloys].

PMID- 6364462
TI  - The decline of stroke.
AB  - Stroke mortality in the United States has declined since 1900. The mortality
      rates from stroke in Rochester, Minnesota, have declined 76% since 1950, and the
      primary cause for the declines is a decrease in the incidence of new cases of
      cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage. There are no data on the incidence
      of stroke prior to 1945 to confirm the US mortality trend. The decline in
      incidence was noted in women 10-15 years before it was seen in men. Hypertension
      is the most important risk factor for stroke. Hypertension surveys have shown an
      increasing effectiveness of antihypertensive medication in lowering blood
      pressure, and the effect was noted earlier in women. Available evidence is
      consistent with the idea that treatment of hypertension is the only significant
      contributor to the decline of stroke.

PMID- 6364463
TI  - Naloxone administration to patients with acute stroke.
AB  - Naloxone, an opiate antagonist, has recently been reported to temporarily reverse
      neurologic deficits associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage. To determine if this
      unexpected effect of naloxone might also occur in other forms of cerebrovascular
      diseases, 13 patients who presented with acute neurologic deficits were
      administered intravenous naloxone. In 3 of these patients, coincidental
      improvement in neurologic status was seen. In one patient the improvement was
      permanent. Ten of the 11 patients with non fatal neurologic damage improved later
      in their hospital course--7 of them to their pre-admission state. The only side
      effect noted was the temporally related onset of a single focal seizure in an
      ethanol intoxicated patient with an intracerebral hemorrhage.

PMID- 6364465
TI  - The Eisdell pedigree. Congenital stationary night-blindness with myopia.
AB  - A pedigree of X-linked congenital stationary night-blindness, originally
      published by Nettleship, is presented with abstracts from his private
      correspondence. An affected descendant has supplied letters and the original
      working pedigree which led to the publication of the extended pedigree in 1912.

PMID- 6364464
TI  - Experimental ischemic stroke: a review.

PMID- 6364466
TI  - The purification of Plasmodium falciparum macrogametes and/or zygotes prepared
      from in vitro cultures.

PMID- 6364467
TI  - Detection of antimicrofilarial ES antigen-antibody in immune complexes in
      Bancroftian filariasis by enzyme immunoassay.
AB  - An enzyme immunoassay using penicillinase conjugated to Wuchereria bancrofti
      microfilarial ES antigen has been developed to detect specific antibody in
      circulating immune complexes in Bancroftian filariasis. Immune complexes were
      prepared by 3% polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation. 44 sera belonging to
      different groups were tested. 16 of 19 clinical filarial and two of 16 endemic
      normal sera but none of the non-endemic normal sera showed the presence of
      antimicrofilarial ES antigen-antibody in immune complexes.

PMID- 6364468
TI  - Polyamine oxidase mediates intra-erythrocytic death of Plasmodium falciparum.
AB  - Using a number of established culture strains of Plasmodium falciparum, the
      effects of the addition of polyamine oxidase and spermine on the intra
      erythrocytic forms were studied. Cultures to which polyamine oxidase and
      polyamines were added contained only degenerate parasites but if one or other
      were added alone the cultures were similar to the controls. The effects were
      confirmed by 35S-methionine incorporation.

PMID- 6364469
TI  - Immune reactions to Wuchereria bancrofti infections in Tanzania. I. Serum
      mediated adherence of leucocytes to microfilariae in vitro, using serum from
      different groups of patients.
AB  - Studies on serum-mediated adherence of leucocytes to microfilariae of Wuchereria
      bancrofti in vitro were carried out in an area of Tanzania endemic for filarial
      infections. Patients were divided into age-matched groups according to
      parasitological and clinical conditions. No adherence was seen with serum from
      microfilariae-positive patients (with or without clinical disease). A slightly,
      but not statistically significantly, higher prevalence of adherence-positive sera
      was found among hydrocele patients (27%) and lymphangitis/elephantiasis patients
      (33%) than among endemic control patients (20%). These three positive groups
      exhibited a marked difference in age distribution of prevalence of positivity,
      with very high prevalences found among young hydrocele patients (48%) and old
      lymphangitis/elephantiasis patients (63%). The hydrocele fluid from hydrocele
      patients with adherence-positive serum also mediated adherence.

PMID- 6364470
TI  - Immune reactions to Wuchereria bancrofti infections in Tanzania. II.
      Characterization of the serum-mediated adherence reaction of leucocytes to
      microfilariae in vitro.
AB  - Investigations to characterize the in vitro reaction of serum-mediated leucocyte
      adherence to microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti were carried out in Tanzania.
      The adherence reaction took place within one hour and at least two serum factors
      were involved: a heat-labile factor, present also in normal serum (probably
      complement), and a more heat-stable factor, present in positive serum only
      (probably an antibody). Neutrophils and eosinophils were involved in the reaction
      proportionately to Their numbers in the cell solutions used; the reaction killed
      significantly more microfilariae, than did adherence-negative tests.
      Microfilariae could be used for at least one week after their isolation from the
      donor, but a significant decrease in the percentage of reactive microfilariae
      occurred within 16 hours of isolation. A high degree of species specificity was
      observed when positive sera were tested against other nematodes. The involvement
      of complement and the speed with which the reaction took place is in contrast to
      the results of similar studies from India, and may indicate a difference in the
      parasite in the two continents.

PMID- 6364471
TI  - The curious case of the lateral-spined egg: Schistosoma mansoni.

PMID- 6364472
TI  - Carlos J. Finlay y Barres (1833-1915).

PMID- 6364473
TI  - Cerebral malaria treated with high doses of chloroquine.
AB  - Data concerning 11 cases of cerebral malaria treated with high doses of
      chloroquine base (18mg/kg/day) are reported. The risk of chloroquine resistance
      (already described in Tanzania) and the fact that only chloroquine is available
      on the island of Pemba, were the reasons for increasing the usual dose. High
      doses clinically seem to offer better results, only one of 11 dying (9.1%)
      compared with four of 30 (13.3%) in the control group given normal doses.
      However, the lack of significant differences between the two groups and the
      greater risk with high doses of chloroquine may not always justify their use to
      overcome a RI chloroquine resistance in adults and adolescents.

PMID- 6364474
TI  - Isolation of Leishmania major Yakimoff & Schokhor, 1914 from Psammomys obesus
      Gretzschmar, 1828 (Rodentia: Gerbillidae) in Algeria.

PMID- 6364475
TI  - Four crossmatch methods to select platelet donors.
AB  - We employed four crossmatch techniques to select platelet donors for refractory
      patients. Forty-four donor-recipient pairs were studied in 32 patients. Analysis
      of effectiveness of platelet transfusions revealed that only 18 percent of
      transfusions gave a borderline response; the remainder were either effective or
      not effective at all. The corrected predictive values of three crossmatch tests
      were as follows: enzyme-linked immuno-specific assay, 81 percent; platelet
      immunofluorescence test, 73 percent; and lymphocytotoxicity, 70 percent (p
      greater than 0.05). The predictive value of these tests did not differ in HLA
      matched versus unmatched platelet transfusions. Donor selection by
      lymphocytotoxicity compatibility did not appear to be useful if donors were
      selected by either of the other two methods. The fourth test, antiglobulin
      modified lymphocytotoxicity, offered no advantage over lymphocytotoxicity. Our
      data suggest that platelet crossmatching assays are a useful adjunct to the
      selection process for the platelet donor in addition to ABO, Rh, and HLA
      matching.

PMID- 6364476
TI  - Rescue by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in dogs from bone marrow failure
      after total-body irradiation.
AB  - In order to determine the minimum dose of buffy coat cells necessary to achieve
      hematopoietic rescue following supralethal irradiation, mongrel dogs under
      general anesthesia were subjected to leukacytapheresis using three different
      techniques of cell separation. The buffy coats were frozen with dimethylsulfoxide
      and stored at -196 degrees C until transfused. Sixteen dogs were irradiated with
      800 rads and were supported with antibiotics and transfusions of irradiated
      homologous blood. They were transfused with the frozen and thawed buffy coat
      cells, and, if they survived, they were followed for 100 days, sacrificed, and
      their tissues studied. The mean yield of mononuclear cells during
      leukocytapheresis ranged from 4.1 +/- 2.0 X 10(9) (mean +/- SD) to 6.0 +/- 4.0 X
      10(9) for the three leukacytapheresis methods; one technique was not as
      satisfactory as the other two. Six of the 16 dogs fully recovered with evidence
      of marrow rescue; however, only one had a dose of mononuclear cells less than
      11.1 X 10(9). These data indicate that seven to 17 leukacytapheresis procedures
      would be required to reconstitute a 70 kilogram patient. These preliminary
      findings suggest that, because the yields of transplantable cells with current
      technology are not adequate, the transplantation potential of buffy coat cells
      exposed to mobilizing agents should be evaluated.

PMID- 6364477
TI  - Ability of neonatally induced tolerance of Ia antigens to overcome adoptive
      transfer of allo-Ia immunity and to erase its memory.

PMID- 6364478
TI  - Suprahepatic vena caval cuff in liver transplantation.

PMID- 6364479
TI  - Successful kidney transplantation with current-sera-negative/historical-sera
      positive T cell crossmatch.

PMID- 6364481
TI  - Graft survival in the sea star Dermasterias imbricata.

PMID- 6364480
TI  - Preservation techniques for organ transplantation. I. Protective effects of
      calmodulin inhibitors in cold-preserved kidneys.

PMID- 6364482
TI  - Expression of H-Y antigen by female mice carrying Sxr.
AB  - The minor transplantation antigen H-Y can cause graft rejection and can stimulate
      the generation of H-2-restricted T cell responses. We have used both responses to
      type karyotypically abnormal mice for the presence of H-Y antigen, in order to
      investigate the role of H-Y in sex determination. The mice under scrutiny were
      Sxr5-carrying females derived by crossing females carrying the T(16;X)16H
      translocation with Sxr carrying males. These females were fully fertile and were
      H-Y positive. These results are consistent with the testis determining gene, Tdy,
      which may or may not be H-Y, having a threshold effect on testis differentiation
      during embryogenesis. They also show that the presence of H-Y in adult females
      does not impair reproduction.

PMID- 6364483
TI  - Expression of cell-defined H-Y antigen on mouse epidermal cells.
AB  - Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL)5 of female origin that readily lysed syngeneic male
      lymphoid cells in specific, dose-dependent, H-2 restricted fashion had little or
      no activity against syngeneic male epidermal cells (EC) in short-term or long
      term chromium-release assays. Moreover, although male EC were quite capable of
      priming syngeneic female lymphocytes in vivo for the accelerated rejection of
      male-specific skin grafts and for the subsequent generation of H-Y-specific CTL
      by exposure of primed female spleen cells (SC) to irradiated, syngeneic male SC
      in vitro, male EC themselves were incapable of stimulating the development of H-Y
      CTL when cocultured with primed female SC. Tests of EC from reciprocal male
      female radiation chimeras revealed that keratinocytes, not marrow-derived EC
      (Langerhans cells), were responsible for the priming ability of EC in vivo.
      Moreover, H-Y antigen was serologically defined on EC that failed to express H-Y
      specific CTL target-cell determinants. Alternative explanations of these findings
      are discussed, including the possibility that the inability of H-2-restricted T
      cells to lyse male EC results from the lack of association of H-Y antigen and H-2
      restricting elements on the EC membrane.

PMID- 6364484
TI  - Major histocompatibility complex restriction and transplantation immunity. A
      possible solution to the allograft problem.
AB  - Studies of the survival of weakly histoincompatible skin grafts in which the
      Langerhans' cells (LC)5 have been replaced with major histocompatibility complex
      (MHC)-compatible or incompatible LC, as well as studies of the fate of cultured
      endocrine allografts in MHC-compatible and incompatible mice and rats, indicate
      that allografts are only recognized as foreign if they possess donor macrophages
      (or cells of this family), or if antigen presenting cells MHC-compatible with the
      graft can be provided by the host.

PMID- 6364485
TI  - Tolerance and the H-Y antigen: Requirement for male T cells, but not B cells, to
      induce tolerance in neonatal female mice.
AB  - Transplantation tolerance of the H-Y antigen may be induced and transferred by
      lymphoid cells, but not by nonlymphoid cells. In this study we have demonstrated
      that amongst lymphoid cells, T cells--but not B cells or macrophages--are capable
      of inducing transplantation tolerance. In contrast, all three populations express
      sufficient amounts of immunogenic H-Y antigen to sensitize adult female mice to a
      subsequent male skin graft, as demonstrated by the second-set reaction.

PMID- 6364486
TI  - Induction of unresponsiveness to skin allografts in adult mice disparate at
      defined regions of the H-2 complex. I. Effect of donor-specific bone marrow in
      ALS-treated mice.
AB  - The induction of unresponsiveness to skin allografts was studied in adult
      congenic B10 mice disparate either at isolated K, I, or D regions of the H-2
      complex or at combined K/D and I regions. Recipient mice were treated with
      antilymphocyte serum (ALS) and injected with donor bone marrow after skin
      grafting. Unresponsiveness to antigens of the isolated K or D regions (class I)
      could not be induced, as shown by the inability of bone marrow to prolong graft
      survival in these mice compared with ALS-treated controls. Significant
      unresponsiveness to antigens of the isolated I region could be induced by ALS
      immunosuppression alone, and it was not possible to determine the additive
      effects of bone marrow. Unresponsiveness to antigens of the K or D regions, or
      both, could be induced when they were presented with antigens of the I region.
      This indicates that the I region exerts a tolerogenic effect on the K and D
      regions. The requirement for the concomitant presentation of antigens of the K/D
      and I regions to achieve unresponsiveness is consistent with our previous
      observations that active suppression is one of the mechanisms of the induction of
      unresponsiveness in ALS-treated, marrow injected mice.

PMID- 6364487
TI  - Induction of unresponsiveness to skin allografts in adult mice disparate at
      defined regions of the H-2 complex. II. Effect of pre-graft donor-specific blood
      transfusions in ALS-treated mice.
AB  - The effect of pretransplant donor-specific blood transfusions on the survival of
      subsequent skin allografts was studied in adult congenic B10 mice disparate at
      various regions of the H-2 complex. Donor-host combinations were used that were
      disparate either at isolated K or I regions or at combined K/D and I regions.
      Recipient mice were given a single donor-specific blood transfusion ten days
      before antilymphocyte serum (ALS) treatment and skin grafting. A beneficial
      effect of donor-specific blood transfusions on skin graft survival was observed
      only in donor-recipient combinations that differed at the K and I regions.
      Disparity at the IA and IJ subregions appeared to be particularly important in
      obtaining the transfusion effect. Donor-specific transfusion had no effect on
      graft survival in donors and recipients disparate at only the K region, the D
      region plus part of the I region, or the entire H-2 complex. Pregraft transfusion
      in mice disparate at the I region sensitized the recipients to subsequent skin
      grafts from the blood donor. These results indicate that both antibody and
      suppressor cells play a role in the induction of the beneficial effect obtained
      from pretransplant donor specific transfusions.

PMID- 6364488
TI  - Studies in renal preservation using a rat kidney transplant model: II. The effect
      of reflushing with citrate.
AB  - This study investigated the possible beneficial effects of reflushing renal
      grafts with isotonic citrate solution. Rat kidneys were initially flushed with
      isotonic citrate or with Hartmann's solutions at O C. After 2 hr, half the
      kidneys of each group were reflushed with isotonic citrate; 22 hr later, all
      kidneys were transplanted into rats of the same inbred strain. All animals
      receiving kidneys flushed with Hartmann's solution died, whereas reflushing such
      kidneys with isotonic citrate significantly ameliorated the deleterious effects
      of Hartmann's solution. All animals receiving citrate-flushed kidneys survived
      with relatively good renal function and morphology. However, reflushing itself is
      not a beneficial procedure and is only of value where an ineffective preserving
      solution has been used to flush the kidneys initially. There is evidence that
      some of the adverse effects of flushing develop in the renal medulla.

PMID- 6364489
TI  - The influence of the recipient upon renal function after isogeneic kidney
      transplantation in the rat.
AB  - Little attention has been paid to the changes in renal function that occur after
      kidney transplantation when donor and recipient differ markedly in size. We
      studied this phenomenon after isogeneic kidney transplantation in rats of varying
      body weight (BW). Renal functional parameters, such as the glomerular filtration
      rate (GFR), the effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), and the plasma levels of
      creatinine (Pcr) and urea (Pur) were determined at regular intervals following
      transplantation. In the initial experimental series, juvenile (BW approximately
      150 g) and adult (BW approximately 300 g) rats were used. Four groups of
      transplant recipients were studied. These consisted of 2 groups of adult
      recipients of juvenile or adult donor kidneys, and 2 groups of juvenile
      recipients of juvenile or adult donor kidneys. These 4 groups were compared with
      adult and juvenile control rats, as well as with unilaterally nephrectomized (NX)
      rats. A comparison between the 2 groups of juvenile recipients revealed no
      significant difference in the GFR, ERPF, Pcr, or Pur levels after the
      transplantation of adult or juvenile donor kidneys. Nor were any significant
      differences found when comparing the functional parameters of the 2 groups of
      adult recipients after transplantation of adult or juvenile donor kidneys. The
      transplanted kidneys generally functioned at a level amounting to 80-90% of the
      GFR and 90-100% of the ERPF of NX rats of comparable BW. These observations are a
      clear indication of functional adaptation after kidney transplantation. The
      compensatory functional response is augmented--in case of a young donor kidney
      transplanted into an adult recipient, or attenuated--in case of an adult donor
      kidney transplanted into a juvenile recipient. In an additional experiment,
      kidneys were transplanted from very young rats (BW approximately 50 g) to adult
      recipients. It appeared that as early as two weeks after transplantation, renal
      function had reached adult kidney levels, as observed in the first experimental
      series. In conclusion, after isogeneic kidney transplantation in rats, the
      transplanted kidney generally adapts rapidly to the size of the recipient and
      functions like an inherent part of the recipient's body.

PMID- 6364491
TI  - The significance of monocytes in glomeruli of human renal transplants.
AB  - A total of 50 biopsies from 42 renal transplants obtained during a 30-month
      period were studied for the presence of monocytes in the glomeruli using the
      nonspecific esterase reaction. Eleven biopsies from ten grafts were positive.
      Immune deposition was light or absent. The prognosis for the grafts containing
      glomerular monocytes was significantly worse during the six months after the
      biopsy than for those without such cells present.

PMID- 6364490
TI  - Combined immunosuppression with cyclosporine and methotrexate in dogs given bone
      marrow grafts from DLA-haploidentical littermates.
AB  - We examined the effect of methotrexate (MTX) combined with cyclosporine (CSP) on
      the prevention of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in dogs. Ten recipients were
      prepared for grafting with 9 Gy of total-body irradiation and given marrow and
      buffy coat cells from littermate donors differing for one DLA haplotype (AA leads
      to AB or AB leads to AC). MTX (0.4 mg/kg) was given i.v. on days 1, 3, 6, and 11.
      CSP was given i.m. on days 0 to 7 and orally on days 8 to 100. The dose was 15
      mg/kg/day on days 0 to 25, 10 mg/kg/day on days 26 to 50, 5 mg/kg/day on days 51
      to 75, and 5 mg/kg every other day on days 75 to 100. All ten dogs had sustained
      engraftment. Three dogs died, one with pneumonia (day 57), one with pneumonia and
      GVHD (day 107), and one with convulsions (day 204). Seven dogs are surviving at
      210 to 493 days, and all are complete chimeras; five are well and two have
      chronic GVHD that developed after immunosuppressive treatment had been stopped.
      These results with a combination of MTX and CSP as GVHD prophylaxis are superior
      to those obtained previously with MTX alone in dogs given marrow grafts from DLA
      haploidentical littermates.

PMID- 6364492
TI  - Cold-reactive alloantibodies and allograft malfunction occurring immediately
      posttransplant.
AB  - Certain kidney allografts function promptly, whereas others subjected to
      similarly optimal procurement and preservation methods do not. Previous reports
      have indicated that such unexplained allograft malfunction (AM) could be due to
      the presence of cold-reactive IgM alloantibodies (i.e., lymphocytotoxins and
      agglutinins) present in renal transplant recipients. These investigations were
      undertaken to determine whether the presence of such alloantibodies was
      associated with any histological abnormalities. Pretransplant and 1-hr
      posttransplant biopsies were analyzed from 49 cadaveric renal allografts that
      came from ideal donors and were subjected to "optimal" preservation. First, no
      correlation could be made between AM and the severity of renal tubular cell
      disruption. However, glomerular lesions in the posttransplant biopsy correlated
      significantly with the development of AM. Segmental glomerular intracapillary red
      blood cell aggregates and fibrin deposition were present in 71% of biopsies in
      the 21 allografts with AM, whereas such lesions were present in 29% of biopsies
      in the 28 allografts with immediate function (P less than 0.005). Development of
      glomerular lesions correlated significantly with the presence of cold-reactive
      lymphocytotoxins (CRL) in the recipient (60% vs. 9%). Sera containing CRL were
      found to also have IgM antiendothelial cell antibody. These observations suggest
      that another possible mechanism for lack of prompt allograft function is a self
      limiting vascular injury, that occurs in the cold and is immune-mediated.

PMID- 6364493
TI  - H-Y antibodies recognize the H-Y transplantation antigen.
AB  - The question is raised whether the H-Y transplantation antigen, as defined by
      skin graft rejection, is the same as the "male-specific" antigen that is
      identified by H-Y antibodies. We have addressed that question by injecting female
      mice of the inbred C57BL/6 strain with serologically defined H-Y antigen, and
      measuring the response of those female mice to skin grafts from intrastrain male
      mice. The results of our study indicate that the "two" male antigens are
      crossreactive or identical.

PMID- 6364494
TI  - The beneficial transfusion effect on kidney graft survival attributed to clonal
      deletion.

PMID- 6364495
TI  - Six-day canine kidney preservation. Hypothermic perfusion combined with isolated
      blood perfusion.
AB  - Successful 6-day kidney preservation was obtained with a combination of perfusion
      techniques. Canine kidneys were preserved by hypothermic continuous perfusion in
      a Gambro machine with albumin perfusate. On day 3 the hypothermic preservation
      was interrupted by a normothermic perfusion for 3 hr. This intermediate perfusion
      was performed in a heart-lung machine filled with heparinized blood from non
      related dogs. The preserved kidneys were autotransplanted in subsequently
      nephrectomized dogs. Nine of 11 animals with such preserved kidneys survived in a
      healthy condition. In the control group with hypothermic perfusion only, one of 8
      dogs survived after implantation. In this dog a high serum creatinine
      concentration was measured after implantation. Kidney function was assessed by
      determining glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF),
      and filtration fraction (FF) during the intermediate blood perfusion in the
      experimental group and at 1 hr after implantation in both groups. A low FF (less
      than 0.27) indicated the presence of active functioning tubules in the
      intermediate blood-perfused group. In this group the GFR, ERPF, and FF values
      returned to normal within 10 days after implantation. These results show that it
      is possible to prevent irreversible preservation damage by normothermic blood
      perfusion. Histological observation indicated that the isolated blood perfusion
      had a beneficial effect, especially on the tubules of the preserved kidney.

PMID- 6364496
TI  - Mononuclear cells in renal allografts. Correlation with peripheral blood T
      lymphocyte subpopulations and graft prognosis.
AB  - Cellular infiltrates in 20 renal allograft biopsies taken at the time of acute
      rejection episodes were analyzed with antibodies reactive with monocytes (BRL
      antihuman monocyte monoclonal antibody), T lymphocyte subpopulations (OKT- and
      Leu-series of monoclonal antibodies), and B lymphocytes (heterologous antihuman
      IgM antibodies). For demonstration of the various mononuclear cells, an indirect
      immunoperoxidase technique was used. The number of monocytes in the infiltrates
      varied from 10-20%; the number of B lymphocytes was always below 10%. The T
      lymphocytes accounted for 50-90% of the total number of mononuclear cells. The
      OKT4/OKT8 ratios for the T lymphocytes in the graft infiltrates were correlated
      with the peripheral blood OKT4/OKT8 ratios measured by indirect fluorescence and
      flow cytometry. The OKT4/OKT8 ratios for perivascular infiltrates correlated far
      better with peripheral blood OKT4/OKT8 ratios (r = 0.72) than did the OKT4/OKT8
      ratios for interstitial infiltrates (r = 0.58). Low or inverted OKT4/OKT8 ratios
      and low or inverted Leu 3a/Leu 2a ratios were associated with a high risk of
      irreversible graft rejection (P less than 0.001 for perivascular infiltrates).

PMID- 6364497
TI  - Bone marrow repopulation capacity after transplantation of lymphocyte-depleted
      allogeneic bone marrow using counterflow centrifugation.
AB  - Bone marrow from six allogeneic HLA-matched and MCL nonreactive siblings was
      fractionated by means of isopycnic flotation centrifugation and subsequent
      counterflow centrifugation. The low density fraction (d less than or equal to
      1.070 g/ml) obtained by IFC contained 20% of the nucleated cells and more than
      90% of the myeloid and erythroid progenitors. The putative stem cell fraction
      obtained by CC showed a satisfactory recovery (88%) of the CFU-GM and BFU-E and
      only 3.5% of the original number of T lymphocytes. Bone marrow repopulation
      capacity was not impaired in comparison with a comparable group of patients.
      Despite the average high age of this group (29.6 years), only one of the four
      evaluable patients developed graft-versus-host disease.

PMID- 6364499
TI  - Premalignant and malignant skin lesions in renal transplant patients.
AB  - Among 129 renal transplant patients with 3-16 years of posttransplant observation
      time, and residents in a low ultraviolet radiation area, 25 (19.4%) had
      premalignant or malignant skin lesions, a 3-fold increase over a control
      population collected randomly. Thirteen (10.1%) had skin cancer, a 7-fold
      increase. Nine patients had multiple lesions; none had metastatic disease.
      Multiple regression analysis revealed age, outdoor occupation, and
      transplantation/immunosuppression to be equally significant risk factors for skin
      malignancy. Transplant patients should be educated and periodically examined for
      early detection of skin malignancies.

PMID- 6364498
TI  - Obstructive lung disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - We report the cases of 3 patients with marked dyspnea and an obstructive
      ventilation disorder associated with chronic graft-versus-host disease after
      allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. This disorder was characterized by
      recurrent pulmonary infections and colonization of the lower respiratory tract by
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Two patients have shown rapidly progressive deterioration
      with death following due to respiratory failure. Intensive therapy with
      antibiotics, bronchodilators, high-dose steroids, and azathioprine was not
      effective in arresting the malignant course of this disorder.

PMID- 6364500
TI  - The nonessential role of a humoral antibody response in acute rat cardiac
      allograft rejection. An ultrastructural tracer study in an adoptive transfer
      model.
AB  - Progressive microvascular endothelial damage is a characteristic feature of
      fulminant acute cardiac allograft rejection in the rat. Serial ultrastructural
      tracer studies using i.v. administered colloidal carbon and horseradish
      peroxidase have been performed in an adoptive transfer model to determine the
      role of cellular and humoral immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of endothelial
      injury in this setting. Sublethally irradiated (780 rads) Lewis recipients of
      Wistar-Furth cardiac allografts reconstituted with unfractionated syngeneic
      immune spleen cells (2 X 10(7)] or with inocula depleted of SIg+ cells (1 X
      10(7)] were studied at days 5-7 posttransplantation, and the ultrastructural
      tracer data were correlated with recipient alloantibody titers. The progression
      of microcirculatory endothelial damage within rejecting cardiac allografts was
      similar when recipients were reconstituted with unfractionated immune spleen
      cells or with SIg- cells, and the serial changes present were comparable to those
      documented in unmodified first-set rejection in this strain combination.
      Unreconstituted controls showed no apparent microvascular alterations. A
      significant alloantibody response was confined to recipients reconstituted with
      unfractionated immune spleen cells. All unreconstituted recipients and recipients
      that received splenic inocula depleted of SIg+ cells (SIg-) lacked detectable
      antibody in the study period. These results indicate that a humoral antibody
      response is not essential for induction of endothelial damage in fulminant acute
      rejection of rat cardiac allografts.

PMID- 6364501
TI  - Induction of H-2-restricted contact hypersensitivity by hapten-derivatized skin
      grafts. Evidence that the immunogenic signal includes H-2 determinants derived
      from the skin.
AB  - Contact hypersensitivity has been induced in mice grafted with skin derivatized
      with dinitrofluorobenzene. At optimal concentration of epicutaneously applied
      hapten (0.02%), it was found that syngeneic, but not allogeneic, skin grafts
      induced sensitivity. Genetic identity of graft donors and recipients at class I
      or class II loci of H-2 was essential and sufficient for induction of
      sensitization. The fact that Ia antigens on haptenated grafts restricted the
      response indicates that Langerhans cells, the only Ia-bearing cells of the normal
      murine epidermis, function as antigen presenting cells. Nonvital syngeneic, but
      not allogeneic, grafts were able to induce contact hypersensitivity, so it is
      proposed that the immunogenic signal derived from haptenated skin grafts consists
      of hapten and a class I or class II MHC gene product, but need not necessarily be
      delivered on a viable cell.

PMID- 6364502
TI  - Lack of beneficial effect of thrombocyte transfusions on kidney graft survival in
      dogs.

PMID- 6364503
TI  - Early detection of renal allograft rejection by serial monitoring of serum C
      reactive protein.

PMID- 6364504
TI  - Use of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for evaluation of living-related
      renal transplant donors.

PMID- 6364505
TI  - Cosmas and Damian revisited.

PMID- 6364506
TI  - Cyclosporine. Kidney transplantation.

PMID- 6364507
TI  - Cyclosporine. Liver and pancreas transplantation.

PMID- 6364508
TI  - Cyclosporine. Bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 6364509
TI  - Cyclosporine. Problems in differential diagnosis--drug toxicity versus allograft
      rejection.

PMID- 6364510
TI  - Cyclosporine. Experimental transplantation. Kidney.

PMID- 6364511
TI  - Cyclosporine. Experimental transplantation. Liver, pancreas, intestine.

PMID- 6364512
TI  - Cyclosporine. Experimental transplantation. Bone marrow.

PMID- 6364513
TI  - One-step Plasmodium falciparum cultivation--application to in-vitro drug testing.
AB  - P. falciparum was cultivated by a one-step method which requires medium renewal
      and addition of fresh RBC only every three days and allows high proliferation
      rates of the parasite. The method has been used for routine maintenance of
      strains and applied to the in-vitro evaluation of the effect of antimalarial
      compounds over 3 days periods as measured by 3H-Hypoxanthine incorporation.

PMID- 6364514
TI  - Topographical distribution of the cerebral lesions in mice infected with
      Plasmodium berghei.
AB  - In the mouse P. berghei malaria model systematic studies were carried out on the
      relationship between the type and the topographical distribution of the brain
      lesion in cerebral malaria. As previously stated for pernicious P. falciparum
      malaria in man, petechial haemorrhage was not the sole morphologic lesion. In
      addition to severe brain oedema, microthrombosis, sludging of mononuclear cells,
      arteriolar spasms, scattered disturbances of the microcirculation, and the
      occasional proliferation of gliocytes were the prevailing morphologic changes.
      Pronounced perivascular oedema with compression of capillaries and ischaemic
      demyelinisation were particular frequent in the nucleus caudatus putamen, while
      the adjacent regions (radiatio corporis callosi, claustrum, hippocampus, and
      fimbria hippocampi) were the sites of predilection of petechial haemorrhage.
      Arteriolar spasms were particularly frequent in branches of the posterior
      choroidal artery. The proliferation of gliocytes was practically restricted to
      the tubercula olfactoria and to the subependymal zone of the lateral wall of the
      lateral ventricle. The present results indicate a neurovascular component in the
      pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. The preponderance of a special
      histopathological lesion in a certain cerebral region may be the result of a
      particular sensitivity of cells of these areas to noxious events (pathoclisis),
      for instance hypoxia, and/or exaggeration of autoregulatory phenomena that exist
      between the cerebral parenchyma and the supplying vasculature.

PMID- 6364515
TI  - Plasma cell leukemia: a report on three patients.
AB  - Three patients with plasma cell leukemia are reported. Two of them has a previous
      history of myeloma; the third one started with a plasma cell leukemia. Diagnosis
      was made from the required presence of 20% plasma cells in the peripheral blood.
      In all 3 cases, bone marrow aspiration and peripheral blood showed plasma cells
      strongly positive for acid phosphatase and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, and
      negative for periodic acid-Schiff. The first patient was treated with a
      polychemotherapy regimen that included vincristine, cyclophosphamide,
      chlorambucil and prednisone, and the second patient with melphalan and
      prednisone; the third one, who started with plasma cell leukemia, received total
      body irradiation at the dose of 600 rad. The results of the therapy and survival
      time, which was never more than 3 months, are in accord with other reports in the
      literature.

PMID- 6364516
TI  - [Postoperative atelectases in the renal angle preventively treated with positive
      atmospheric pressure].

PMID- 6364517
TI  - [The effect of nifedipine (Adalat) on Raynaud's phenomenon].

PMID- 6364519
TI  - [Experimental gynecological microsurgery].

PMID- 6364518
TI  - [The effects of ingestion of moderate quantities of liquorice].

PMID- 6364520
TI  - [Treatment of postoperative pain with epidural buprenorphine and morphine after
      high laparotomies].

PMID- 6364521
TI  - [Pilonidal cyst. A sequence treated with excision and primary suture].

PMID- 6364522
TI  - [Acute infectious arthritis caused by hemolytic streptococci group A].

PMID- 6364523
TI  - [The effect of home blood sugar measurement on the regulation of insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus. A controlled clinical study].

PMID- 6364524
TI  - Primary mediastinal seminoma.
AB  - Three new cases of primary mediastinal seminoma are presented, and 124 other
      cases in the literature are reviewed. These tumors primarily affect white males
      in the third decade. Chest pain is the most common symptom, but 20 per cent of
      the patients can be asymptomatic. Testicular atrophy occurred in only 7 patients.
      In one of these a testicular seminoma developed seven years after treatment of a
      primary mediastinal tumor. Supraclavicular adenopathies were found in 10
      patients. Chest x-ray films typically show an anterior mediastinal noncalcified
      mass with smooth lobulated borders. Twenty-eight of 74 surgical resections
      attempted were successful; 13 of these received adjuvant irradiation. Of 64 cases
      in which radiation therapy was the primary mode of treatment, local failures
      occurred only in 7 cases. These tumors spread primarily by distant metastases.
      Theories of tumoral origin and patterns of spread are discussed. A dose of 3,000
      rad in three weeks and 4,500 rad in four and one-half weeks to the mediastinum
      and supraclavicular areas is recommended for minimal and bulky disease. Primary
      mediastinal seminoma is as radiosensitive as its testicular counterpart.

PMID- 6364525
TI  - Buckshot colic.
AB  - A patient with a shotgun injury to the abdomen and kidney with delayed
      spontaneous ureteral passage of a shotgun pellet is reported. This rare
      complication "buckshot colic" usually can be treated nonoperatively. The term
      "buckshot colic" is clarified.

PMID- 6364526
TI  - Unusual radiologic features of metastatic prostatic carcinoma confirmed by
      immunohistochemical study.
AB  - The clinical application of an immunohistochemical technique for prostatic acid
      phosphatase allowed the accurate diagnosis of metastatic prostatic carcinoma in
      17 patients whose condition was not recognized by either clinical or histologic
      observations. The cardinal manifestations in these 17 patients included
      supraclavicular lymphadenopathy in 7, hilar lymphadenopathy in 1, pulmonary
      infiltration in 2, simulating carcinoma of the rectum in 4, fracture of femur in
      1, orbital tumor in 1, and brain tumor in 1. A retrospective analysis of the
      radiologic features of these patients showed that the unusual manifestations were
      due to the route of metastasis, that is, direct invasion, lymphatic, and
      hematogenous. Radiologic studies, even in these unusual cases, are both useful in
      establishing the diagnosis and helpful in delineating the mode of metastasis of
      prostatic carcinoma.

PMID- 6364527
TI  - Dermatologic diseases of sheep.

PMID- 6364528
TI  - Dermatologic diseases of goats.

PMID- 6364529
TI  - External lumps on sheep and goats.

PMID- 6364530
TI  - Noninfectious causes of lameness (above the foot) in sheep and goats.

PMID- 6364531
TI  - Anemia and hypoproteinemia.

PMID- 6364532
TI  - Liver diseases of sheep and goats.

PMID- 6364533
TI  - Respiratory disease of sheep and goats.

PMID- 6364534
TI  - Unexplained weight loss in sheep and goats. A guide to differential diagnosis,
      therapy, and management.
AB  - A review of the likely causes of unexplained weight loss in sheep and goats has
      been presented, with particular emphasis on diagnosis. Through the use of careful
      clinical examination and knowledge of the likely causes of progressive weight
      loss, a definitive diagnosis can often be made, although this is not always
      possible, even with rigorous investigation (Fig. 1). In most cases, establishing
      a definitive diagnosis will allow the practitioner to institute appropriate
      therapeutic measures, correct deficient management procedures, or institute
      suitable prevention and control programs to reduce ongoing or future losses to
      the client.

PMID- 6364535
TI  - Diseases of the udder.

PMID- 6364536
TI  - Pregnancy toxemia, abortions, and periparturient diseases.

PMID- 6364537
TI  - Male infertility.

PMID- 6364538
TI  - Diseases of the urinary system of sheep and goats.

PMID- 6364539
TI  - Neurologic disease of sheep and goats.

PMID- 6364540
TI  - Sudden death in sheep and goats.

PMID- 6364541
TI  - Sheep and goat zoonoses.

PMID- 6364542
TI  - Simple transport medium for the isolation of Chlamydia psittaci from clinical
      material.
AB  - Infectious elementary bodies of Chlamydia psittaci in tissue samples from field
      cases of enzootic abortion were placed in five different transport media (A to
      E). In one medium, in the absence of refrigerative storage, the organism remained
      viable for 30 days and at 4 degrees C for 34 days. This was medium D; it
      consisted of sucrose (74.6 g/litre), K2HPO4 (1.237 g/litre), L-glutamic acid
      (0.721 g/litre), fetal calf serum (10 per cent v/v), vancomycin and streptomycin
      (100 micrograms/ml) and nystatin and gentamicin (50 micrograms/ml). Samples of
      this transport medium were supplied to veterinary investigation centres
      throughout the UK. Of 1862 samples submitted for diagnosis of enzootic abortion
      only 1.55 per cent were so contaminated that chlamydiae could not be detected.
      This transport medium permits the isolation of C psittaci from clinical material
      for up to about one month, even in the absence of conventional storage
      facilities.

PMID- 6364543
TI  - Protein metabolism in animals treated with anabolic agents.

PMID- 6364544
TI  - Fungal nephrotoxins.

PMID- 6364545
TI  - Chronic, including teratogenic and carcinogenic effects of trichothecenes: a
      short review.

PMID- 6364546
TI  - The mouse mastitis model: observations relevant to the treatment and control of
      coliform mastitis.

PMID- 6364547
TI  - Pathophysiological aspects of E. coli mastitis in ruminants.

PMID- 6364548
TI  - Studies on mammary blood flow during experimental E. coli endotoxin mastitis.

PMID- 6364549
TI  - Immunological aspects of coliform mastitis.

PMID- 6364550
TI  - Clinical aspects of coliform mastitis in the bovine.

PMID- 6364551
TI  - Species differences in pharmacokinetics.

PMID- 6364553
TI  - Comparative aspects of monoamine oxidase.

PMID- 6364552
TI  - Species differences in pharmacodynamics: some examples.

PMID- 6364554
TI  - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents: species differences in pharmacodynamics.

PMID- 6364555
TI  - Veterinary drugs: the beginnings of legislative control in the U.K.

PMID- 6364556
TI  - Physiological aspects of growth promotion in poultry.

PMID- 6364558
TI  - [Comparison of the indirect enzyme-bound immunosorbent method with the
      hemagglutination inhibition test in detecting Newcastle disease antibodies in
      vaccinated chickens].
AB  - The sensitivity of ELISA and the hemagglutination-inhibition test was
      comparatively studied in the demonstration of Newcastle disease antibodies in the
      sera of 57 vaccinated birds. Differences were established in the antibody titers
      as demonstrated by the two methods. The sensitivity of ELISA was found to be 100
      times higher than that of the HI-test. Discussed is the possible use of ELISA in
      cases where no antibodies or low-titer hemagglutinating ones are demonstrated via
      the HI-test.

PMID- 6364557
TI  - Review of antimicrobial growth promoting agents available.

PMID- 6364559
TI  - [Sex behavior and reproduction of farm animals].
AB  - The sexual behaviour of farm animals was followed up both at loose-pasture
      raising and under industrial conditions. It was studied in estrus, in the search
      for a sexual partner, with regard to the tolerance of the female animals for the
      males in the sexual act, with regard to the herd hierarchy, the intraspecies
      relationships, and the condition of dominance, aggressiveness, and subordination.
      The role is stated of the presence of male animals in the herd for the regular
      course of the sexual cycle, and the shortening and synchronization of the estrus.
      Discussed is also the importance of the artificial visual, sound, olfactory,
      tactile and other stimuli of the behaviour of the male breeding animals in
      substantiating the coitus and the proper semen production. It was found that the
      reproductive process is largely dependent on on the sexual reactions of the
      animals, which requires a proper knowledge with regard to the substantiation of
      each sexual cycle. Thus, it is stated, higher conception and fertility rates are
      to be expected. It was also established that under the conditions of industrial
      technologies of raising the number of behavioural reactions in their use was
      strongly reduced because of the lowered contact between the individual groups,
      while the practice of artificial insemination thoroughly rules out the contact
      between the male and female animals.

PMID- 6364560
TI  - [Erythrocyte antigen for the rapid intravital diagnosis of fowl typhoid and
      pullorum disease].
AB  - A stable erythrocyte antigen was obtained for the rapid diagnosis of typhoid and
      pullorum disease in birds, which was tested under laboratory and field
      conditions. It was found that with the use of whole blood or serum taken from
      birds that had been either experimentally infected or had died of spontaneous
      infection of Salmonella gallinarum and Salmonella enteritidis the erythrocyte
      antigen was substantially superior to the routinely used colour ordinary test
      antigen in terms of time consumed, intensity, and number of reacting birds.
      Discussed is the effect of its quick adoption into practice on the basis of its
      higher epizootiologic, epidemiologic, and economic value.

PMID- 6364561
TI  - Averaging over the foveal receptor aperture curtails aliasing.
AB  - We show that the entrance aperture of the foveal cone is about 80% of the 3
      micron center-to-center spacing. Reduction in contrast caused by averaging of
      illumination over this aperture prompts us to predict detection with aliasing
      between the Nyquist limit of 60 c/deg (where contrast reduction is 63%) and 150
      c/deg (where contrast is zero) when the eye's optics are bypassed by impressing
      interference fringes directly on the fovea.

PMID- 6364562
TI  - [Experience with endralazine in the treatment of essential hypertension].

PMID- 6364563
TI  - [Main trends in the activities of the Department of Military Internal Medicine.
      On the 25th anniversary of the J.E. Purkyne Military Medicine and Postgraduate
      Institute].

PMID- 6364564
TI  - [Plasmids in the epidemic strain of Shigella sonnei].

PMID- 6364565
TI  - [Infections in patients after splenectomy].

PMID- 6364566
TI  - [George Papanicolaou (on the 100th anniversary of his birth)].

PMID- 6364567
TI  - [6-Thioguanine inhibition of bacterial mutagenesis induced by cancerogenic
      dimethylnitrosamine].

PMID- 6364568
TI  - Historical development of baccalaureate nursing education in the American
      university: 1899-1935.

PMID- 6364569
TI  - Health and illness in Pilipino immigrants.
AB  - Immigrants from the Philippines and their descendants have tripled in number in
      the United States in the past 18 years. They will soon surpass 1 million and will
      be the largest Asian-American minority. Pilipinos in the United States are
      diverse ethnolinguistically and in important socioeconomic and demographic
      dimensions, one notable feature being the high level of education and
      professional status of many recent immigrants. Nevertheless, the health and
      disease circumstances of Pilipinos and their views of health and illness have
      been surprisingly neglected to date. A generic principle fundamental to their
      view of health is that concerning the maintenance of balance. Proper social and
      cultural conduct is believed to help avoid health problems. Imbalances in social
      relations, infringements of cultural norms or adverse interaction with the
      supernatural are linked, in the cultural logic of Pilipinos, to illness.

PMID- 6364570
TI  - Traditional health beliefs and practices among lower class black Americans.
AB  - The medical belief system of lower class black Americans reflects their social,
      political and economic marginality in the larger society. A moderate life-style
      is regarded as the basis for good health with special emphasis on protecting
      one's body from cold, keeping it clean inside and out and maintaining a proper
      diet. Illnesses and other life events are classified as "natural" or "unnatural."
      Natural illnesses result from the effects of cold, dirt and improper diet on the
      body causing changes in the blood. A number of beliefs about blood and its
      functions have important clinical implications for the treatment of hypertension
      and venereal disease and for family planning. Natural illnesses also result from
      divine punishment and serve as an instrument of social control. Unnatural
      illnesses are the result of witchcraft and reflect conflict in the social
      network. It is believed that physicians do not understand and cannot effectively
      treat such illnesses, but a variety of traditional healers offer help to the
      victims. Physicians must elicit such beliefs if they are to interact effectively
      and sensitively with black patients. Social change is required, however, to
      eliminate the feelings of powerlessness at the root of many of the health
      problems of poor black Americans.

PMID- 6364571
TI  - Japanese responses to social change--making the strange familiar.
AB  - Understanding the concept of a "sense of coherence" can be useful in trying to
      account for successful and healthy adaptations to situations of social change and
      migration. Certain fundamental dynamics of social life in Japan contribute to a
      sense of coherence in the lives of Japanese today. Analysts of modern Japan have
      noted that it has not become a replica of western societies in that primary
      social groups take precedence over individual needs and autonomy. Moreover,
      although the Japanese personality may be characterized as multilayered, one
      dominant aspect is the tendency to suppress negative feelings-towards intimates,
      family and those in authority. This tendency has implications for the patient
      physician relationship, which tends to be ritualized to protect a patient's
      innermost feelings. Because there has never been a split between mind and body in
      Japanese thinking there is no concept of mental health that is separate from
      physical health; rather, patients and physicians readily accept that illness is
      an expression of stress on the social level. As a corollary, the responsibility
      for healing is felt to be in the hands of patients and their families, with
      physicians playing the part of skilled and sympathetic technicians. Ascribing the
      origins of a cultural identity risks stereotyping, but understanding the reasons
      for the continuity of certain values in Japanese immigrants will enable
      physicians to use these values to advantage, and explains the healthy adaptation
      of these immigrants to the disruption of migration.

PMID- 6364573
TI  - Popular medical concepts in Jamaica and their impact on drug use.
AB  - Universally, popular medical concepts form the basis of lay understanding of
      health, disease and cure. In Jamaica these concepts first developed in
      association with traditional herbal medicine. Now they are applied to the most
      common forms of primary care: over-the-counter and prescribed drugs. Research
      findings suggest that where there is disagreement between popular and
      professional medical models, as is the case in Jamaica, the effect of popular
      concepts is to increase self-medication and reduce adherence to prescribed
      medical regimens. To ameliorate this situation and the attendant potential risks
      for drug consumers, methods for providing needed drug information and improving
      physician-patient communication are suggested. These suggestions apply not only
      to Jamaicans living in Jamaica and the United States, but also to members of any
      group whose ethnomedical concepts differ from the biomedical training of
      physicians.

PMID- 6364572
TI  - In search of healers--Southeast Asian refugees in the American health care
      system.
AB  - Healing is the alleviation of sickness, which includes both medically defined
      problems of pathophysiology (disease) and personal definitions of not being well
      (illness). Refugees from Southeast Asia now have a special need for healing
      because their health problems are changing from those of concern to public
      health, which are well documented and for which there are known effective
      treatments, to those that are primarily a personal concern and that are difficult
      to diagnose and treat effectively because of their chronic nature and their
      cultural and emotional components. The finding among refugees of physical
      complaints for which there is no identifiable medical cause is explained by
      cultural tendencies in Southeast Asia that promote focusing on somatic
      symptomatology, and by a delayed somatic response to refugee trauma. To prevent
      escalation of medical intervention, physicians need to be sensitive to Southeast
      Asians' attitudes toward health and their expectations and apprehensions
      regarding Western medicine.

PMID- 6364574
TI  - Pacific Islanders--migration and health.
AB  - Native Hawaiians and peoples from American Samoa, Guam and the Trust Territories
      of the Pacific Islands are all recipients of US subsidized health care.
      Categorized as Pacific Islanders they are a heterogeneous group with differences
      in biology, cultural adaptation to varied ecological settings, historical
      influences resulting from colonialism and present-day political factionalism.
      Yet, westernization on home islands and migration to Hawaii and the western
      United States have created similarities in disease patterns among these
      culturally diverse peoples. They have high rates of the chronic diseases of
      civilization: cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and hypertension.
      Obesity, associated with these ailments, has become a major health problem among
      Pacific Islanders and may be attributed to changes in local food production and
      consumption in conjunction with sedentarization. Culturally and linguistically
      distinct from the American mainstream, these people as migrants or residents are
      marginal within the US social structure and find if difficult to obtain adequate
      medical treatment.

PMID- 6364575
TI  - Issues in health care of Middle Eastern patients.
AB  - Relationships between Middle Eastern patients and Western health care
      professionals are often troubled by mutual misunderstanding of culturally
      influenced values and communication styles. Although Middle Easterners vary
      ethnically, they do share a core of common values and behavior that include the
      importance of affiliation and family, time and space orientations, interactional
      style and attitudes toward health and illness. Problems in providing health care
      involve obtaining adequate information, "demanding behavior" by a patient's
      family, conflicting beliefs about planning ahead and differing patterns of
      communicating grave diagnoses or "bad news." There are guidelines that will
      provide an understanding of the cultural characteristics of Middle Easterners
      and, therefore, will improve rather than impede their health care. A personal
      approach and continuity of care by the same health care professional help to
      bridge the gap between Middle Eastern cultures and Western medical culture. In
      addition, periodic use of cultural interpreters helps ameliorate the intensity of
      some cultural issues.

PMID- 6364576
TI  - Psychiatry and Chinese culture.
AB  - When we examine the cultural characteristics that influence mental disorders and
      related behavior among the Chinese, no major differences are found between
      Chinese and other groups in the range of disorders or in overall prevalence.
      Several cultural factors influence the recognition and treatment of mental
      illness, among which are attitudes toward emotional display, somatic as opposed
      to psychogenic disorders and features of the traditional medical belief system in
      Chinese culture. The Chinese have a relatively favorable prognosis of
      schizophrenia, low rates of depressive illness, a strong tendency towards
      somatization and the presence of several unique culture-bound syndromes. From
      studying Chinese in Vancouver, it was found that they have a characteristic way
      of dealing with mental illness in the family, in that there is first a protracted
      period of intrafamilial coping with serious psychiatric illness, followed by
      recourse to friends, elders and neighbors in the community; third, consultation
      with traditional specialists, religious healers or general physicians; fourth,
      outpatient or inpatient treatment from specialists, and, finally, a process of
      rejection and scapegoating of the patient. The efficacy of Western psychiatric
      treatment of Chinese patients has yet to be objectively assessed.

PMID- 6364577
TI  - Curanderismo and Latino views of disease and curing.
AB  - Curanderismo is a diverse folk healing system of Latin America. Eight major
      philosophical premises underlie a coherent curing world view of Latino patients:
      disease or illness may follow (1) strong emotional states (such as rage, fear,
      envy or mourning of painful loss) or (2) being out of balance or harmony with
      one's environment; (3) a patient is often the innocent victim of malevolent
      forces; (4) the soul may become separated from the body (loss of soul); (5) cure
      requires the participation of the entire family; (6) the natural world is not
      always distinguishable from the supernatural; (7) sickness often serves the
      social function, through increased attention and rallying of the family around a
      patient, of reestablishing a sense of belonging (resocialization) and (8) Latinos
      respond better to an open interaction with their healer. These nuclear ideas or
      attitudes about health, illness and care are culturally patterned and are both
      conscious and unconscious (implicit). Moreover, expectations of the nature of the
      patient-healer relationship have implications for medical practice in general and
      psychotherapy in particular.

PMID- 6364578
TI  - Cultural variation--nutritional and clinical implications.
AB  - Cultural variation may play an important role in human nutrition and must be
      considered in either clinical or public health intervention particularly in areas
      with large immigrant populations. Acculturative and environmental change
      influence the food habits and health of transitional groups. Nutritional
      assessment may be complicated by cultural variation. The relationship between
      ethnicity and nutrition may be of evolutionary significance. Food beliefs may
      have beneficial or detrimental effects on health status. The study of
      acculturating populations may elucidate the pathogenesis of nutrition-related
      chronic diseases. Appreciation of the interaction of culture and nutrition may be
      of benefit to physicians and nutritionists in clinical practice and to those
      concerned with the prevention of nutrition-related chronic diseases.

PMID- 6364579
TI  - [Rare clinical symptoms of latent urinary tract infections in older children].

PMID- 6364580
TI  - [Treatment of reflex decalcifying algodystrophy of the limbs].

PMID- 6364581
TI  - [Role of Boleslaw Skarzynski in the development of the history of medicine in
      Poland (on the 20th anniversary of his death)].

PMID- 6364582
TI  - [Various problems of the science of systemic syndromes in childhood. I].

PMID- 6364583
TI  - [Primary nonspecific colitis and cancer].

PMID- 6364584
TI  - [The 2d siege of Vienna by the Turks, with special reference to sanitary
      conditions before and during that time].
AB  - The author describes the siege of Vienna by the Turks in the year 1683. Bad
      sanitary conditions prevailed and medical supplies were insufficient. Monasteries
      were used as hospitals. Dysentery occurred epidemically, killing many soldiers
      and civilians. There were possibly also cases of tuberculosis, as well as of
      louse-borne typhus. A catastrophic lack of food occurred.

PMID- 6364585
TI  - [Production and testing of liquid starter cultures for the meat industry].

PMID- 6364586
TI  - [A life for social medicine--Salomon Neumann on the 75th anniversary of his
      death].

PMID- 6364587
TI  - [Urinary enzyme excretion in diseases of the internal organs].
AB  - In a survey the present possibilities are outlined to get knowledge about
      diseases of inner organs with the help of enzyme determinations in the urine.
      Here it is remarkable that changes of the enzyme excretion appear not only in
      renal disease with acute renal failure, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, renal
      infarction and nephroptosis but are also to be observed in primarily extrarenal
      diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, thesaurismoses, myocardial
      infarction, hypertension, acute pancreatitis, epidemic hepatitis, liver
      cirrhosis, obstructive jaundice and rheumatoid arthritis. The causes of the
      changes of enzyme excretions are various. Since enzymes of different origin and
      localisation behave themselves variably, the simultaneous determination of a
      brush border marker (e.g. alanine aminopeptidase), a lysosomal enzyme (e.g. beta
      glucuronidase or N-acetyl glucosaminidase) and a low molecular enzyme (e.g.
      lysozyme) is of use for the recognition of renal alterations. By the control of
      activities of urinary enzymes it is possible to get without risk informations
      about pathobiochemical processes in the kidney which are not to be gained by
      means of other methods.

PMID- 6364588
TI  - [Recent advances in the biochemistry and characteristics of tumor viruses and the
      biochemistry of tumor development in man and animal].
AB  - The transformation of cells in animals into tumour cells is mainly evoked by
      tumour viruses: These are taken into the genome and evoke the formation of
      transforming proteins (tumour antigens), which partly acts as protein kinases and
      cause changes of the membrane proteins. Thus the regulation of the cell division
      is excluded. The DNA-molecules which are in their structure analogous or much
      equal to the desoxyribonucleic acids of the proviruses and the tumour viruses are
      normal constituents of the nucleus-DNA of the man and the animals and are called
      cellular oncogens in contrast to the viral oncogens. Under physiologic conditions
      the cellular oncogens are not or only at a very small extent used for the
      formation of proteins. Some tumour viruses cause a formation of tumours only by
      means of an activation of cellular oncogens, i.e. by efficacy as promotor
      sections. In man most tumours develop under the influence of carcinogens which
      lead to the development of repair processes on the DNA and to the new
      organisation of the arrangement of DNA-molecules. Here the cellular oncogens are
      activated, which evoke an increased synthesis of transforming proteins. Thus, on
      principle the development of tumours takes place in the same way in man and
      animal. In the most tumour forms of man oncogenic DNA-molecules are proved, which
      in their structure correspond to the viral oncogens of animals.

PMID- 6364589
TI  - [Methods for the determination of psycho-social performance within the scope of a
      model for objectivizing biological age].
AB  - With the help of experimental findings of a randomized study concerning the
      dynamics of ageing of a reference population (365 persons of either sex between
      18 and 73 years) the authors adopt a principal attitude to methodical questions
      in objectifying the biological ageing. It is above all demonstrated, if and in
      how far the psycho-sociometric methods used in a gerontological complex method
      developed for this purpose meet certain methodical requirements (objectifity,
      reliability, validity) and are effective from the practical and clinical point of
      view. On principle it is referred to the necessity of a sex-different
      interpretation of findings concerning the dynamics of ageing and to the
      possibilities and borderlines, to attract them for a total assessment of the
      performance. The clinical model demonstrated for objectifying the biological
      ageing of man opens a wide field of theoretical and practical possibilities to
      gain recognitions on dynamics and influencibility of human ageing.

PMID- 6364590
TI  - [Treponema pallidium IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TP-IgM-ELISA).
      Determination of organism-specific Treponema IgM antibodies in the serum of
      syphilis patients with and without central nervous system involvement of the
      infection].
AB  - For demonstration of treponemal IgM antibodies in sera and CSF taken from 56
      syphilitic patients with or without involvement of the CNS in the infection,
      comparative studies have been performed making use of the 19S(IgM)-FTA-ABS test
      and a TP-IgM-ELISA. Compared with the 19S(IgM)-FTA-ABS, the TP-IgM-ELISA has a
      specificity of 97% and a sensitivity of 93%. With regard to qualitative
      investigation of serum samples, both tests showed nearly equivalent results. In
      10 out of 16 CSF samples taken from patients with untreated neurosyphilis, a
      treponemal IgM antibody could be proved by TP-IgM-ELISA. According to these
      findings, this assay seems to be a reliable test system for demonstration of
      treponemal IgM antibodies not only in serum but also in CSF.

PMID- 6364591
TI  - Isosorbide dinitrate ointment in Raynaud's disease.
AB  - In a double-blind, cross-over study the efficacy of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN)
      ointment was studied in 12 patients (eight men, four women) with vasospastic
      Raynaud's phenomenon during the winter. ISDN (200 mg) and placebo respectively
      were applied to the fingers three times a day for 3 weeks. The efficacy of the
      drug was judged by patients' reports on the number and duration of Raynaud's
      attacks, measurements of digital systolic pressures (Doppler method), and
      photoplethysmography of the fingers before and 3 min after local cooling in ice
      water. No difference in severity or duration of vasospastic attacks was found in
      patients treated with ISDN or placebo. There was only a slight, nonsignificant
      increase (+15%) in digital systolic pressure and amplitudes of digital pulse in
      the ISDN group. It was concluded that topical ISDN ointment seems to be
      ineffective for patients with Raynaud's phenomenon.

PMID- 6364592
TI  - [Straightening operations in juvenile kyphosis. Results in 31 cases using
      Harrington's dorsal compression spondylodesis or its combination with ventral
      osteodiskectomy and clip insertion].
AB  - Results of operative treatment in 31 cases of juvenile kyphosis are presented. In
      23 cases a posterior Harrington spondylodesis, in 6 cases a combined staged
      anterior and posterior spondylodesis, in two cases an anterior spondylodesis
      alone were performed. The average preoperative angle in the first group was 50
      degrees (15 degrees-83 degrees), the average postop, angle was 22 degrees
      representing an 56% average improvement of the initial angle. At reevaluation,
      however, an average loss of correction of 13.9 degrees or 49.6% reduction of the
      initial improvement was registered. The combined procedures started with an
      average preoperative angle of 60 degrees, the postsurgery value was 22 degrees
      representing 63% of improvement. In 6 cases the average loss of correction at
      reevaluation was only 7% or 18.9% of early improvement was lost. The results
      favor strongly a combined staged anterior and posterior procedure for correction.
      When the behaviour of the wedge vertebrae is included as well, this study offers
      clear indications for a differentiated treatment of choice in each case of severe
      juvenile kyphosis.

PMID- 6364594
TI  - [Technics of bone marrow examination].

PMID- 6364593
TI  - C1-inhibitor deficiency (hereditary angioedema): case report and review.

PMID- 6364595
TI  - [Replication and differentiation of stem cells in relation to the micro-ecology
      of the bone marrow].

PMID- 6364596
TI  - [Pathology of preleukemia].

PMID- 6364597
TI  - Diagnosis of megakaryoblastic leukemias.

PMID- 6364598
TI  - [Clinical course and pathogenesis of panmyelopathy].

PMID- 6364599
TI  - [Pathology of panmyelophthisis].

PMID- 6364600
TI  - [Clinical principles of bone marrow transplantation].

PMID- 6364601
TI  - [Principles of monoclonal antibodies].

PMID- 6364602
TI  - [Pathologic findings in bone marrow transplantation].

PMID- 6364603
TI  - [Characterization of GvH-related skin lesions using monoclonal antibodies on
      frozen sections].

PMID- 6364604
TI  - [GvH reaction and bone marrow morphology following allogenic bone marrow
      transplantation].

PMID- 6364605
TI  - [Pathologic anatomy of multiple myeloma (plasmacytoma)].

PMID- 6364606
TI  - [Monoclonal antibodies in hematology].

PMID- 6364607
TI  - [The theory of evolution and pathologic anatomy].

PMID- 6364608
TI  - [Structural proteins of bone marrow fibrosis].

PMID- 6364609
TI  - [Hans-Jurgen Mohr (1 November 1922 - 7 June 1982)].

PMID- 6364610
TI  - [Willi Busanny-Caspari (8 April 1922 - 7 July 1982)].

PMID- 6364611
TI  - [Richard Neuhold (17 October 1917 - 14 August 1982)].

PMID- 6364612
TI  - [Jakob Schoenmackers (26 May 1912 - 22 November 1982)].

PMID- 6364613
TI  - [List of members: German Society for Pathology].

PMID- 6364614
TI  - [Field experiences with therapy protocols in leprosy].

PMID- 6364615
TI  - [Antigenic variation of Trypanosoma brucei with reference to the serodiagnosis of
      sleeping sickness].

PMID- 6364616
TI  - [Chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis of viral infections].

PMID- 6364617
TI  - [Ecology of viruses].

PMID- 6364618
TI  - [Method of recording neuronal activity in alert dogs].

PMID- 6364619
TI  - [Attachment to the head of stereotaxic apparatus SEZh-3].

PMID- 6364620
TI  - [Features of learning in rats with different levels of ethanol metabolism].

PMID- 6364621
TI  - [Biogenic amines in food: effects of histamine, tyramine and phenylethylamine in
      the human].
AB  - The effect of 25 mg histamine, 25 mg tyramine and 5 mg phenylethylamine resp. in
      apple juice on 27 healthy volunteers was studied using a randomized placebo
      controlled double-blind procedure. No statistically significant effect was found
      with histamine and tyramine, but phenylethylamine produced symptoms like
      headache, dizziness and discomfort in some volunteers. In a second experiment the
      effect of four different wines (2 dl) containing naturally several biogenic
      amines in various amounts (histamine n.d. - 21 ppm; tyramine 1-23 ppm;
      phenylethylamine n.d. - 6 ppm; putrescine 2-55 ppm) on 20 volunteers was
      recorded. The percentage of volunteers experiencing symptoms was of the same
      order of magnitude as in the first experiment. No correlation was found to exist
      in this second experiment between the occurrence of symptoms and the
      concentration of biogenic amines in the wine samples.

PMID- 6364622
TI  - [Comparative histology and electron microscopy study of intestinal anastomosis by
      invagination and by single layer inverted suture].
AB  - In the experiment, the technique of anastomosis by means of invagination proves
      to be a most effective method of joining two parts of the colon. Both histology
      and the electronic microscope verified the exact conjunction of the different
      layers.

PMID- 6364623
TI  - Appendiceal perforation and shigellosis.
AB  - Appendiceal perforation and shigella enteritis were concomitantly observed in a 5
      year-old boy. S. Sonnei was recovered from peritoneal exudate and faeces. This
      association must be kept in mind when treating patients with abdominal pain and
      gastroenteritis.

PMID- 6364624
TI  - [Preparation of the promotion of therapeutic studies as an open planning
      process].
AB  - During the preparation of the government program "Health Research and
      Development", which was started in 1978, an attempt was made to involve the
      scientific community directly in establishing priorities for research on
      rheumatic diseases. At a planning conference open to all interested research
      scientists the following questions were considered: 1. What are the
      methodological requirements for therapeutic trials? 2. What are the open
      questions in the field of clinical rheumatology and which of them should be given
      priority? 3. What are the conditions for running multicenter therapeutic trials
      successfully? This paper describes the methodology and the results of the
      analysis of research needs and priorities and discusses the special problems of
      clinical rheumatology research in the Federal Republic of Germany.

PMID- 6364625
TI  - [Standardization of specific laboratory methods within the framework of a
      therapeutic study of rheumatic diseases].
AB  - Immunological techniques and immunophenomena are acquiring an increasing
      significance in the diagnosis and control of rheumatic diseases. Alongside
      clinical, radiological, and biochemical investigations, they play an important
      role in the evaluation of a therapy and in the control of its benefits and side
      effects. It follows that immunological investigations and techniques should be
      taken into consideration when a multicenter trial is planned. However, this means
      that reproducible and thus comparable results must be obtained by the different
      laboratories participating in a multicenter therapeutic study. Exact
      standardization of the immunological test systems used is necessary, at least
      between the participants in the trial. Another critical point lies in the
      different clinical relevance and the distinct diagnostic value of the various
      immunophenomena and test systems. These differences must be strongly taken into
      account to minimize the effort and increase the effect of the investigations and
      the relevance of the results.

PMID- 6364626
TI  - [Single-row wire suture of the sigmoid in Goodwin operations].
AB  - In Goodwin operations the authors have closed the intestinal wound resulting from
      longitudinal sigmoidotomy using a single-row uninterrupted transverse suture with
      atraumatic monofile steel wire. This suture technique has proved to be safe. No
      complications which might be associated with it have been observed.

PMID- 6364627
TI  - [The Munch implant procedure].

PMID- 6364628
TI  - [Titanium implant material as an example of an intramobile cylinder implant].

PMID- 6364629
TI  - [Construction and care of fixed partial dentures].

PMID- 6364630
TI  - [Choice of retention elements - preventive viewpoint].

PMID- 6364631
TI  - [Karl August Lingner and public health dentistry].

PMID- 6364632
TI  - [For the dentist in the poet's castle only a small mansard room].

PMID- 6364633
TI  - [Martin Luther asked a friend to treat his severe toothache].

PMID- 6364634
TI  - [Avoidable prosthetically-caused periodontal damage].

PMID- 6364635
TI  - [Relation between lactobacillus, nutrition, plaque and Dentocult values].

PMID- 6364636
TI  - [Retention mechanism of telescopic crowns].

PMID- 6364638
TI  - [Temporary removable denture].

PMID- 6364637
TI  - [Influence of toothpaste on retention of parallel-wall telescopic crowns].

PMID- 6364639
TI  - Ultrastructural, immunohistological, and clinical findings in the pancreas in
      insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) of long duration.
AB  - Electron microscopical and immunohistological findings in small biopsies obtained
      at surgery from two subjects with longstanding type-I-diabetes [insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus (IDDM)] are described and demonstrated in relation to clinical
      data. The main findings are the first electron microscopical demonstration of A
      cells scattered as single cells in the exocrine pancreatic tissue and the
      detection of intermediate cells of the acinar-A cell type. Intermediate cells
      have never been reported before in the pancreas of diabetes in man.

PMID- 6364640
TI  - [Embolism of the renal artery].

PMID- 6364641
TI  - [Our surgical heritage. Franz Konig (1832-1910)--trends and developments in
      surgery in his time].

PMID- 6364642
TI  - [Migration of an abdominal drape].

PMID- 6364643
TI  - [Acute appendicitis as a diagnostic error. Perforation of Meckel's diverticulum
      by a chicken bone].

PMID- 6364644
TI  - [Our surgical heritage. Ludwik Rydygier (1850-1920)].

PMID- 6364645
TI  - [Our surgical heritage. Johann Friedrich August von Esmarch -- his life and work
      (9 January 1823-23 February 1908)].

PMID- 6364646
TI  - [Prevention of pregnancy with a low dosage 3-stage oral preparation].
AB  - A triphasic oral contraceptive pill was tested on fifty patients in 1200 cycles
      during two years. Side effects observed were minimal. The normal menstrual cycle
      was imitated extensively. Tests concerning lipid and protein metabolism and blood
      coagulation were performed. There were no significant changes. According to our
      data the triphasic contraceptive pill did not suggest any damaging effect on the
      endometrium.

PMID- 6364647
TI  - [Cesarean section using single-layer transisthmic uterine sutures].
AB  - Since 1972 the authors performed 1865 caesarean sections and used only a
      transisthmic suture of the uterine wound in one layer. No maternal mortality and
      no severe complications (rupture and dehiscence of the uterus, sepsis) were
      observed. An analysis of 1062 operations of the years 1978-1982 resulted in a
      course without complications (no fever, no transfusion) in 81.9 per cent. --These
      favourable results are likely to be attributed to the modification used.

PMID- 6364648
TI  - [Max Hirsch (1877-1948)--co-founder of research in social gynecology].
AB  - After a brief review of the historical development of socio-gynaecological
      investigations the autor gives a survey on the life and scientific merits of the
      German obstetrician and gynaecologist Max Hirsch.

PMID- 6364649
TI  - [Phagocyte chemotaxis--biological aspects and methods of its determination].

PMID- 6364650
TI  - [Epidemiology of campylobacteriosis].

PMID- 6364651
TI  - [Review of patent documents on the preparation of nutrient media for growing
      bacteria].

PMID- 6364652
TI  - [Mapping of the genetic determinant controlling Salmonella K-antigen synthesis.
      I. Localization of the determinant in conjugation experiments].
AB  - The preliminary data on the localization of the gene responsible for the
      synthesis of K-antigen in salmonellae were obtained. Using Salmonella Hfr donors
      with different onset of the transfer of chromosomal markers and with phenotype
      K+, the authors selected different classes of recombinants in the process of
      their crossing with K- recipients. The positive result of the agglutination test
      with specific K-antiserum indicated that the transconjugate thus obtained
      possessed phenotype K+. The gene responsible for the synthesis of K-antigen was
      shown to be localized between minutes 46 and 41 of the genetic map of S.
      typhimurium. This gene was not cotransduced with the histidine marker localized
      on minute 44 of the map.

PMID- 6364653
TI  - [Mechanisms of microorganism inactivation by phagocytes].

PMID- 6364654
TI  - [Dissociation and phagolytic characteristics of the Shigella isolated from
      patients with various clinical forms of dysentery].
AB  - The relationship between the severity of the disease and the phagolysis of the
      isolated cultures of S. flexneri and S. sonnei has been established. In the
      moderately severe form of the disease the duration of the latent period of the
      development of the phage has been found to increase in comparison with that in
      the mild form of the disease.

PMID- 6364655
TI  - [Streptococcus group A L-form survival in mouse peritoneal macrophages].
AB  - The survival of the L-forms of group A streptococci in peritoneal macrophages of
      SHR mice has been studied microbiologically and by the method of indirect
      immunofluorescence in vitro and in vivo. The phagocytosis of the L-forms,
      proceeding more actively in vivo, has been found to occur within 1-3 days after
      inoculation. The preservation of some viable L-forms in macrophages for 6-7 days
      may apparently facilitate their persistence in the body.

PMID- 6364656
TI  - [Neutrophil phagocytic activity of the peripheral blood in experimental
      keratoconjunctivitis in a sensitized macroorganism].
AB  - The study of the characteristics of the phagocytic activity of peripheral blood
      neutrophils (the activity and intensity of phagocytosis, the index of its
      completeness) in the sensitized organism in experimental keratoconjunctivitis
      caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli has revealed a decrease in
      the phagocytic function of neutrophils. Still more pronounced suppression of the
      ingestive and digestive activity of leukocytes has been observed in cases of the
      combined action of bacterial allergens and benzylpenicillin potassium, which
      probably accounts for the ineffectiveness of the penicillin treatment of
      bacterial keratoconjunctivitis.

PMID- 6364657
TI  - [Current aspects of the problem of nonspecific immunity in infectious diseases].

PMID- 6364658
TI  - [Centenary of I. I. Mechnikov's phagocyte theory].

PMID- 6364659
TI  - [Use of apiculture products in neurology (review)].

PMID- 6364661
TI  - [Puncture of the anonymous vein].
AB  - To introduce a caval catheter means especially in the hands of a beginner, a
      certain number of potentially dangerous complications. Due to that the way of its
      application is a subject of further perfectioning. The puncture of anonymous vein
      is an innovation, thanks to the technical development of a necessary equipment
      such as a catheter which is introduced by a Seldinger technique, at the typical
      place over the clavicula, as the catheter is long only 12 cm. (for the right
      side); the x-ray control is necessary to exclude event. pneumothorax. Experience
      over a 75 patients is presented, in 6 of whom it was not possible to puncture the
      anonymous vein, in another 6% there was a puncture of the artery. The catheter
      has been left 8 days in average for infusion therapy, transfusion and measurement
      of C. V. P., and for taking blood samples. On the basis of this experience it can
      be concluded that this treatment can have the clinical application.

PMID- 6364660
TI  - [Indications and methods of treatment of injuries of the peripheral nerves.
      Comparative clinical results of the management of the median nerve and ulnar
      nerve using the epineural, perineural fascicular suture and transplantation].
AB  - In the last five years we have treated 95 lesions of the peripheral nerves. There
      were 24 lacerations of median and 25 of ulnar nerve. The results of treatment of
      median and ulnar nerve with epineural, perineural fascicular suture and
      transplant have been compared. The authors have tested the localisation of touch,
      two-point discrimination, recognition of small items, basic positions of the
      hand, precise action of the hand, and the motor power according to the Seddon's
      scale. The results were divided in excellent (2PD: 3-5 mm, power 5), very good
      (2PD: 6-9 mm. power 4), good (2 PD: 10-12 mm. power 4), fair (2PD: over 12 mm.
      power 3) and poor. The good results are groups excellent, very good and good.
      There were 44% good results using perineural fascicular suture of median nerve
      and 50% of ulnar nerve. The other methods have given poor results.

PMID- 6364662
TI  - [60 years of the Orthopedic Clinic of Comenius University].

PMID- 6364663
TI  - [Klebsiella bacteremia in association with total hip prosthesis implantation].

PMID- 6364664
TI  - Influence of capillary multifilament sutures on the antibacterial action of
      inflammatory cells in infected wounds.
AB  - Implants of two capillary multifilament suture materials, braided polyester and
      twisted polyamide with cover, in tissue infected with Staphylococcus aureus were
      studied with light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. In the tissue
      around both suture materials there was a pronounced inflammatory cell reaction.
      Staphylococci were found between the filaments of both materials. Some ingrowth
      of granulation tissue with inflammatory cells close to the exterior thread
      surface was seen in braided polyester suture. No such infiltration was seen in
      the suture consisting of twisted polyamide with cover. Bacteriologic studies
      showed faster elimination of staphylococci from the braided polyester than from
      the twisted polyamide implants. The capacity of leukocytes to penetrate into a
      capillary multifilament material presumably is dependent on the structure of the
      suture thread. Bacteria which are enclosed in the interstices of multifilament
      suture material, and protected from the phagocytic activity of leukocytes, can
      sustain and prolong an infection.

PMID- 6364665
TI  - Ultrastructure of the neuro-insular complexes in the pancreas of sand rats
      (Psammomys obesus).
AB  - The ultrastructure of the nervous elements in Langerhans islets of Psammomys
      obesus has been studied. A great variety of neural structures present in the
      islets has been described: neuroganglion-, enterochromaffin- and satellite
      Schwann cells (neuro-insular complexes type I) and cholinergic, adrenergic and
      peptidergic nerve fibers (neuro-insular complexes type II) in direct contact with
      the endocrine cells. In the pericapillary space typical neuro-vasal endings of
      neurosecretory type have been described. The islets of Langerhans and some of the
      endocrine cells have a total or partial glial sheath. These findings support the
      thesis of the paraneuronal nature of the endocrine cells of the Langerhans
      islets.

PMID- 6364666
TI  - The treatment of unstable type I diabetes: conventional versus portable pump
      insulin administration.
AB  - The treatment of unstable insulin-dependent diabetics (UIDD) is still an unsolved
      problem. A comparison was made between optimized conventional treatment (OCT)
      (Ultralente + Actrapid at breakfast, Actrapid at lunch and Actrapid at dinner)
      and continuous s.c. insulin infusion (CSII) for 30 days in 10 UIDD outpatients.
      Continuous 24-h blood glucose monitoring with an artificial pancreas, fasting
      values of HbA1, plasma lipids, growth hormone, glucagon, daily urinary glucose
      and protein excretion were recorded after each treatment; a daily blood glucose
      profile was determined every week. Daily mean blood glucose values dropped
      significantly (p less than 0.01): from 187.2 +/- 66.6 (OCT) to 111.6 +/- 27.0
      mg/dl (CSII), and hypoglycemic and ketotic events disappeared during CSII. A
      significant improvement (p less than 0.01 - p less than 0.001) in all other
      parameters was also observed. It is suggested that CSII may help to improve
      metabolic control and the quality of life in UIDD.

PMID- 6364667
TI  - Effect of gonadotrophin releasing hormone upon the pattern of steroidogenesis in
      isolated preovulatory rat follicles.
AB  - The effects of GnRH and a potent GnRH analogue (D-Ala6-des-gly-NH2-GnRH
      ethylamide) on steroidogenesis in isolated preovulatory follicles of PMSG-treated
      immature rats were examined in short-term incubations and compared to the effect
      of LH. Steroids were analyzed by RIA. GnRH stimulated the accumulation of
      pregnenolone (2-fold), progesterone (4-fold), 20 alpha-OH-progesterone (38-fold),
      androstenedione (4-fold), testosterone (3-fold), and oestradiol-17 beta (2-fold)
      during a 6 h incubation. The time-course of stimulation was the same for each of
      the steroids analyzed, with a significant effect at 4 and 6 h, but not at 2 h of
      incubation. Dose-response curves were similar for each steroid, and the GnRH
      analogue and GnRH gave parallel curves with minimal effective concentrations
      being 1 and 10 ng/ml, respectively. The stimulatory effect of LH was more
      pronounced and rapid (2 h) than that of GnRH. During prolonged incubation (6-8 h)
      with GnRH or LH there was evidence for an inhibition of testosterone production,
      probably due to suppression of the C21-side chain cleavage enzyme. Thus, the
      qualitative response to GnRH on follicular steroidogenesis resembled that of LH
      in some but not all respects. The differences in time-course and maximal steroid
      secretion between GnRH and LH are compatible with different mechanisms of action
      in the follicle.

PMID- 6364668
TI  - Appraisal of endocrine function of segmental autotransplanted pancreas in dogs.
AB  - There is increasing interest in pancreatic transplantation for patients with
      diabetes. In experimental models, endocrine function is usually monitored by
      determination of insulin and glucose levels in plasma. In this study following a
      segmental pancreatic autotransplant to the iliac fossa in dogs, a combined
      analysis of three pancreatic islet hormones, insulin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP)
      and glucagon was undertaken by radioimmunoassay of plasma. These were measured
      under basal conditions and following provocation with a standard meal, arginine,
      secretin and bombesin infusions. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic
      examination of transplanted tissue was also performed. Circulating insulin and
      glucose levels in the surviving dogs with transplants reflected normoglycaemia
      with a normal tolerance to iv glucose and immunohistochemical detection of
      endocrine cells producing insulin, PP and glucagon. Secretory granules were found
      in A and B cells by electron microscopy. The normal circulating glucagon
      immunoreactivity could have originated in gastric antral A cells as well as in
      pancreatic tissue. It was not possible, however, to stimulate the
      autotransplanted pancreas to release detectable PP into the circulation.

PMID- 6364669
TI  - Long-term alprenolol treatment affects serum T4, T3 and rT3 in euthyroid patients
      with ischaemic heart disease.
AB  - After treatment with alprenolol for 1 year, serum 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3)
      was significantly increased (P less than 0.01) in a group (n = 20) of euthyroid
      subjects compared to a control group (n = 20) given placebo. All subjects had
      definite or suspected myocardial infarction one year previously. Serum thyroxine
      (T4), free T3 index (FT4I), serum 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine, (T3) and free T3 index
      (FT3I) were not significantly different in the two groups. Alprenolol and placebo
      were gradually withdrawn over 14 days. On the first day after withdrawal a
      significant decrease in serum rT3 in the alprenolol treated group was the only
      change observed. Fourteen days after withdrawal a significant fall in serum T4,
      FT4I, rT3 and a rise in serum T3 and FT3I was found in the alprenolol treated
      group. Six months after withdrawal the only further change observed in the
      alprenolol treated group was an increase in T3 and FT3I. No changes occurred in
      the placebo treated group in any of the hormones studied. The results are
      consistent with a direct effect of long-term alprenolol treatment on the
      peripheral levels of serum T4, T3 and rT3 in euthyroid subjects. The changes in
      the thyroid hormones after withdrawal further indicate withdrawal of a permanent
      inhibition of 5'deiodinase during long-term treatment with alprenolol in
      euthyroid subjects.

PMID- 6364670
TI  - Absorption of soluble and isophane semi-synthetic human and porcine insulin in
      insulin-dependent diabetic subjects.
AB  - A double-blind cross-over study of the sc absorption of radiolabelled semi
      synthetic human (SHI) and purified porcine (PPI) insulin was made. Absorption of
      both isophane (n = 10) and soluble insulin (n = 8) was studied. There was no
      significant difference between the disappearance from the injection site, the
      plasma free insulin concentrations, or blood glucose levels after sc injection of
      the isophane preparations. A faster disappearance of the soluble SHI (as judged
      from T/50 and AUC) was found (both P-values less than 0.01). However, no
      difference was observed between the plasma insulin concentrations at any time
      point (P less than 0.05). Blood glucose levels showed no statistical differences
      between the two soluble preparations. The data indicate minor differences between
      the pharmacokinetics of SHI and PPI, but these seem of no clinical importance.

PMID- 6364671
TI  - Relation of immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide to changes in glycaemic
      control and B cell function in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The effect of strict glycaemic control on plasma immunoreactive gastric
      inhibitory polypeptide (IR-GIP) concentrations and pancreatic B cell function as
      estimated by plasma C-peptide was evaluated in 14 Type 1 (insulin-dependent)
      diabetics. The effect was estimated by giving a test meal before (test 1) and
      after (test 2) 1 week with near normal blood glucose control (mean blood glucose
      6.7 +/- 0.2 mmol/l) and again 3 weeks later (test 3) in the outpatient clinic.
      The glycaemic control was significantly improved at test 2 and test 3 compared
      with that of test 1. The IR-GIP concentrations before and after the meals were
      similar at all three tests and not different from those found in 21 normal
      controls. In 8 patients with a significant B cell response at test 1, B cell
      function was significantly improved both at test 2 and test 3 but no change in
      fasting or post-prandial IR-GIP concentrations was found and no correlation
      between B cell function and IR-GIP existed. We conclude that strict glycaemic
      control improves B cell function but does not modulate plasma IR-GIP
      concentrations. Factors other than GIP seem to be of greater importance in
      determining the magnitude of B cell function in Type 1 diabetes.

PMID- 6364672
TI  - Plasma responses of pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon and insulin in normal and
      alloxan diabetic dogs, and their regional levels in the pancreas.
AB  - The plasma responses of pancreatic polypeptide (PP), glucagon (IRG) and insulin
      (IRI) after administration of beef soup were studied in normal and alloxan
      diabetic dogs kept in a poor metabolic state for 4 weeks, and their regional
      levels in the pancreas were determined and compared at the uncinate process,
      head, body and tail. The plasma PP levels of the diabetic dogs were significantly
      higher than those of the normal dogs and they increased after beef soup
      administration in both groups. The plasma IRG levels did not change significantly
      after beef soup administration in either group, but significantly high levels
      were found in the diabetic dogs. The IRI content in the normal dog pancreas was
      highest at the tail, followed in order by the body, head and uncinate process,
      and was decreased to about one-tenth to one-fortieth in the alloxan diabetic
      dogs. On the other hand, the amounts of PP in the pancreas of both normal and
      diabetic dogs were greatest at the uncinate process, followed in order by the
      head, body and tail. In an inverse relationship with the PP findings, the IRG
      content in the pancreas was highest at the tail and lowest at the uncinate
      process in both kinds of dogs. The differences in both PP and IRG between
      diabetic and normal dogs were generally not significant. These results show that
      irrespective of the high plasma levels of PP and IRG in the diabetic dogs, their
      levels in the pancreas did not change significantly.

PMID- 6364673
TI  - Potassium homeostasis in chronic experimental diabetes mellitus in rats.
AB  - To examine potassium homeostasis in diabetes mellitus, we observed the effect of
      dietary potassium loading on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and
      potassium balance in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In diabetic rats with
      26.51 +/- 1.89 mmol/l of serum glucose, the plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma
      aldosterone (PA), immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and urinary excretion of
      prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were all significantly lower than in control rats, but
      the plasma potassium and renal function were not significantly different. With
      potassium loading, both control and diabetic rats showed a similar increase in
      plasma potassium and urinary potassium excretion and a decrease in PRA, but the
      IRI, plasma corticosterone and urinary excretion of PGE2 exhibited no significant
      change. On the other hand, the PA was significantly increased only in the control
      rats, and not in the diabetic rats on potassium loading. Based up on these
      results, it is suggested that potassium homeostasis is well maintained in
      diabetic rats with normal renal function in spite of an attenuated response of
      aldosterone secretion to dietary potassium loading and insulin deficiency.

PMID- 6364674
TI  - Direct effect of gonadal and contraceptive steroids on insulin release from mouse
      pancreatic islets in organ culture.
AB  - Sex steroids are supposed to contribute to the normal glucose homeostasis and to
      the altered glucose and insulin metabolism in pregnancy and during contraception.
      In the present study isolated mouse pancreatic islets were maintained in tissue
      culture medium RPMI 1640 supplemented with 0.5% newborn calf serum and 100 ng/ml
      of one of the following steroids: oestradiol, progesterone, testosterone,
      megestrol acetate, medroxyprogesterone, chlormadinone acetate, norethynodrel,
      norethindrone acetate, and ethynyloestradiol. Release of insulin to the culture
      medium was measured during a 2 week culture period, and the islet content of
      insulin, glucagon, and DNA was measured at the end of the period. It was found
      that progesterone and its derivatives megestrol acetate, medroxyprogesterone, and
      chlormadinone caused a 2-fold increase in insulin release during the culture
      period. When islets cultured in the presence of oestradiol, progesterone, or
      testosterone were subjected to 30 min stimulation with 5.5, 11, 22 mmol/l
      glucose, only the progesterone-treated islets released more insulin in response
      to glucose than the control islets. It is concluded that progesterone and its
      derivatives have a direct effect on the glucose-stimulated insulin release
      probably by increasing the glucose sensitivity. The results suggest that the
      alterations in glucose and insulin metabolism in pregnancy and during treatment
      with certain oral contraceptives may in part be due to a direct effect of
      progestins on the beta-cell.

PMID- 6364675
TI  - [Adjuvant activity of Nocardia cell-wall skeleton on maintenance chemotherapy of
      acute non-lymphatic leukemia].

PMID- 6364676
TI  - [Prostatic adenomectomy in dialysis patients].
AB  - A case of a 55-year old patient is presented with terminal renal insufficiency
      and a massive prostatic adenoma causing urinary tract obstruction. The case
      history of the patient on mandatory dialysis was complicated by recurrent,
      therapy resistant urinary tract infections accompanied by septic fever outbreaks
      and anemic relapses. Following suprapubic transvesical adenomectomy, no fever
      episodes, negative urine cultures and improvement in the anemic condition were
      all noted. Due to the fact that the upper age limit for acceptance into a
      hemodialysis program and possible kidney transplantation has been raised, it is
      important to note that patients with prostatic adenomas may be frequently
      encountered. Dialysis patients require successful treatment of urinary tract
      obstructions prior to transplantation. Immunosuppressive therapy which follows
      transplantation increases risk of infection which can endanger the graft and the
      patient's life.

PMID- 6364677
TI  - Caring.

PMID- 6364679
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of thiopental in patients undergoing renal
      transplantation.
AB  - The effects and pharmacokinetics of thiopental were studied in eight patients
      undergoing renal transplantation. The results were compared with findings in a
      group of patients with normal renal function. No differences were observed in
      induction doses or between arterial or venous sleep concentrations. The average
      V3 in the renal failure group was 1441 or 2.5 times the value of the control
      group (P less than 0.01). The apparent differences indicating longer elimination
      half-lives and higher serum clearances in the renal patients were not
      significant. The average binding of thiopental to serum protein shortly after the
      induction was 83.9% (78.2-88.1) in the renal patients and 89.0% (85.2-91.6) in
      the control patients (P less than 0.05). The difference in V3 could be explained
      by the differences in protein binding and when the serum clearance was calculated
      by using the unbound fraction, this "intrinsic clearance" was significantly lower
      in the renal failure group (P less than 0.05). Haemodynamic parameters were
      determined during the initial 5 min. No significant difference was observed
      between the thiopental-induced changes in stroke volume. Cardiac output was
      unchanged in both patient groups.

PMID- 6364678
TI  - Topical anaesthesia with EMLA, a new lidocaine-prilocaine cream and the Cusum
      technique for detection of minimal application time.
AB  - The minimal effective onset time of the new topical anaesthetic formulation EMLA
      (a eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine), was evaluated by the double
      blind technique in 53 female and 66 male patients (median age 40 and 36 years,
      respectively) subjected to intravenous cannulation. Conventional plotting and
      regression analysis failed to answer the question. The Cusum technique,
      originally designed for industrial production control, could successfully be
      applied to solve the problem. It demonstrated a minimal effective EMLA
      application time of 45 min in adults.

PMID- 6364680
TI  - Stereological-ultrastructural study of pancreatic B cells in metabolic alkalosis.
AB  - The secretion of insulin in response to glucose and the changes in the B cell at
      the ultrastructural level were studied in rat pancreas perfused at pH 7.4 and 7.8
      with different concentrations of glucose. Raising the extracellular pH from 7.4
      to 7.8 significantly inhibits glucose-induced insulin secretion. Coincidentally,
      morphometric studies showed significant evidences of low secretory activity in B
      cells from pancreas submitted to high glucose stimulation under alkalosis, namely
      lower number of emiocytotic figures and microtubules as well as a decrease in the
      volume density of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex. On
      the other hand, a significant increment in the number of images of granulolysis
      was also demonstrated. These secretory and ultrastructural results confirm the
      inhibitory effect of pH 7.8 upon B cell secretory activity induced by glucose.
      Moreover, they lend further support to the role of intracellular hormone
      degradation as a regulator of B cell insulin content.

PMID- 6364681
TI  - Motor neuron disease in the Province of Turin, Italy, 1971-1980.
AB  - The incidence and prevalence of motor neuron disease (MND) in the Province of
      Turin, North-West Italy, were investigated for the period 1971-1980. The crude
      incidence rate of MND was 0.67/100,000/year. The annual incidence rate, age and
      sex adjusted to the Italian population in 1971 was 0.69 cases per 100,000
      inhabitants, 0.94 for men and 0.45 for women, with a male to female incidence
      ratio of 2.09:1. The prevalence of MND was 2.62/100,000, 3.57 for males and 1.71
      for females. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 55.6 years. Annual
      incidence rates increased with advancing age. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was
      found to be 4 times more frequent than progressive muscular atrophy
      (0.53/100,000/year v. 0.14/100,000/year). The distribution of MND was uneven in
      the Province suggesting a proportional relationship to the distribution of
      population density. Possible explanations of this finding are discussed.

PMID- 6364682
TI  - Myasthenia gravis: the specificities of skeletal muscle and thymus antibodies.
AB  - Antibodies against skeletal muscle antigens and against thymic myoid cells were
      examined in sera from 40 patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). Using an indirect
      immunofluorescence technique, antibodies against the surface of muscle cells were
      found in 23 sera, and antibodies against muscle cell cross-striations in 28 sera.
      Antibodies against thymic myoid cells were found in 27 sera, stained cells also
      occurring in fetal thymus from 14 weeks of gestation and in hyperplastic thymus
      from MG patients. Sera which stained myoid cells also stained muscle cell cross
      striations. Sera from all the 20 patients with thymoma contained antibodies to a
      citric acid extract of skeletal muscle (CAE) as detected by indirect
      haemagglutination, whereas sera from 20 comparable patients without thymoma did
      not contain CAE antibodies. The myoid cell antibodies could be absorbed by
      homogenized muscle, but not by CAE-coated sheep erythrocytes. Different antibody
      patterns are seen among different MG patients; close associations were found
      between cross-striational and myoid cell antibodies, and between CAE-antibodies
      and a thymoma.

PMID- 6364683
TI  - Benign X-linked muscular dystrophy (Becker type): a kindred with very slow rate
      of progression.
AB  - A family with benign X-linked muscular dystrophy (Becker type) has been studied.
      There was a total of 8 affected males, 7 of whom were alive. The clinical and
      pathological features are presented. The clinical symptoms started in the 2nd
      decade for most of the patients. The rate of progression was very slow and 3
      patients became confined to a wheelchair in the second half of the 6th decade.

PMID- 6364684
TI  - Correlations between echo-encephalographic and computer tomographic measures of
      third and lateral ventricle size in children and adults.
AB  - Accuracy of echo-encephalography (EVG) was assessed by comparison with computer
      tomography (CT) in a material of 49 children aged 2 weeks to 15.5 years and 158
      adults aged 17 to 83 years. Third ventricle width could be measured on EVG in all
      the patients, and the correlations with CT values were excellent both in children
      and adults (r = 0.89 and r = 0.94, respectively). Lateral ventricle echoes could
      be recorded in 43 children (87.7%) and in 95 adults (60.1%). There were very good
      correlations between lateral ventricle size estimated as LVI (lateral ventricle
      index on EVG) and BI (body index on CT) both in children and adults (r = 0.84 and
      r = 0.86, respectively). In adults, a fairly large proportion (46.3%) of the
      patients where lateral ventricle echoes could be recorded, apparently had
      essentially normal ventricle systems, although there was evidence that these
      echoes could be recorded more easily from widened ventricles.

PMID- 6364685
TI  - Linoleate and fatty acid compositions in the serum lipids of Japanese patients
      with multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Serum fatty acid compositions were determined in 21 Japanese patients with
      multiple sclerosis and 14 neurological controls. No statistical difference was
      found either for linoleic acid or for arachidonic acid between the 2 groups. It
      may be that neither serum linoleic acid nor arachidonic acid is inevitably
      associated with the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 6364686
TI  - Brain-cutting device for correlation with CT-scan planes of section.
AB  - A simple device which allows the brain to be cut at any thickness in the
      horizontal plane or any other plane has been designed. Its use is in those cases
      in which during life computerized tomographic scans (CT scans) have been obtained
      and where display of the anatomic specimen according to the CT scan plane is
      required.

PMID- 6364687
TI  - Measurement of cardiac stroke volume by impedance cardiography in the last
      trimester of pregnancy.
AB  - Simultaneous determination of cardiac stroke volume by impedance cardiography and
      the dye dilution technique was compared in 10 women during the last trimester of
      pregnancy. Measurements were performed in different body positions to investigate
      the influence of body position on stroke volume. The correlation coefficient for
      all measurements was 0.87. Mean stroke volume determined by impedance
      cardiography was significantly (p less than 001) lower than mean stroke volume
      calculated by the dye dilution technique. There was no significant difference
      between the mean change in stroke volume determined by the two techniques during
      serial measurements. The reproducibility of individual impedance-determined
      stroke volumes (6.1 ml) did not differ significantly from individual values
      obtained by dye dilution (9.3 ml). Maximum mean impedance-determined stroke
      volume was recorded in the left lateral position (83.8 +/- 4.0 ml). Mean stroke
      volume was significantly (p less than 0.01) reduced in the supine position
      (17.9%). A smaller (14.4%) reduction was registered in the right lateral
      position. These changes in stroke volume according to body position were equally
      evident by both methods. Impedance cardiography is a safe, reliable, non-invasive
      technique for the measurement of changes in stroke volume during late pregnancy.
      The ability of impedance cardiography to determine changes in stroke volume was
      unaffected by changes in body position.

PMID- 6364688
TI  - Termination of second-trimester pregnancy by laminaria and intramuscular
      injections of 15-methyl PGF2 alpha or 16-phenoxy-omega-17,18,19, 20-tetranor PGE2
      methyl sulfonylamide. A randomized study.
AB  - The present study included 120 second-trimester patients admitted to the hospital
      for termination of pregnancy. In all patients, one medium-size laminaria tent was
      introduced into the cervical canal. The laminaria was withdrawn 12 hours later
      and the patients randomly allocated to either i.m. injection of 15-methyl PGF2
      alpha, 0.25 mg every second hour, or 16-phenoxy-omega-17,18,19,20-tetranor PGE2
      methyl sulfonyl-amide, 0.5 mg every fourth hour. Both treatment schedules were
      equally effective. All patients but 2 (98.3%), one in each group, aborted within
      24 hours of prostaglandin treatment. Both methods seem far more effective than
      other methods at present in use for termination of second-trimester pregnancy.
      With the E analogue, the frequency of gastro-intestinal side effects was
      significantly lower than with the F analogue and not more common than following
      hypertonic saline. The use of laminaria tent was normally uneventful and seemed
      to reduce the risk of cervical laceration significantly.

PMID- 6364689
TI  - Pustulosis palmaris et plantaris. With reference to the cross-reactivity between
      tonsillar epithelium antigen and skin antigen.
AB  - Though it is well known that pustulosis palmaris et plantaris (PPP) is one of
      skin diseases caused by focal infection of the tonsils, its etiology remains
      unknown. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of the tonsils in
      the pathogenesis of PPP, by using histological and immunological techniques. Our
      findings were as follows: The common histological findings in tonsillar lacunae
      of patients with PPP were pus plugs, pronounced infiltration of polymorphonuclear
      cells and mononuclear cells, desquamation of keratinized squamous cells, uneven
      thickness of the epithelium, and inflammation of the subepithelial area. By
      applying Arthur's method, skin extracts of sole (S) and epithelial extracts of
      tonsillar lacunae (T) were prepared as antigens for rabbit immunization. Cross
      reactivity between skin extract of sole and epithelial extract of tonsils was
      tested using the Ouchterlony technique. Anti-T antisera reacted to both T and S.
      Anti-S antisera reacted similarly to T and S. Direct and indirect
      immunofluorescence studies using anti-T and anti-S antisera revealed positive
      staining either in the lacunal epithelium of tonsil or in the corneous, granular
      and papillary layers of sole. As regards the pathogenesis, it is suggested that
      the antigenic modification of tonsillar epithelium caused by various stimuli
      produces cells and/or antibodies so as to challenge against skins.

PMID- 6364690
TI  - The ethmoid labyrinth. An anatomical and radiological study.
AB  - After an osteological description of the ethmoid labyrinth, the authors examine
      the radiological techniques which best display the topography, interrelation and
      configuration of the ethmoid cells. On the basis of their observations they
      conclude that standard radiographic examinations cannot provide an adequately
      clear anatomical-radiological representation of these cells and must therefore be
      supplemented with polytomography and computerized tomography.

PMID- 6364691
TI  - Correlation of immunophenotype to morphology in unfavourable non-Hodgkin
      lymphoma.
AB  - The relationship between immunological markers and histology according to the
      Kiel classification was studied in 40 adult non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients of
      Rappaport unfavourable histology. The membrane-associated and cytoplasmic Ig as
      well as receptors for sheep erythrocytes, Fc gamma and C3d receptors were
      analyzed on cryostate sections and in suspension. In some cases, a more precise
      immunophenotype was achieved by the use of monoclonal antibodies detecting
      different T and B cell antigens. Eighty-eight per cent of the lymphomas had B
      cell, five per cent T cell and 7 per cent non-B/non-T cell phenotypes. All CBCC
      and CC lymphomas expressed monotypic Ig, but only 66 per cent of the CB
      lymphomas. Thus, morphology alone did not consistently predict immunophenotype in
      large-cell lymphomas. A simultaneous expression of multiple heavy chains and
      cytoplasmic Ig was found in some lymphomas, suggesting an intratumoral
      differentiation. The nodular or irregular tissue distribution patterns for Ig and
      C3d receptors found in histologically diffuse follicle derived lymphomas also
      suggest intratumoral variations in the marker expression, probably related to
      differentiation. The results suggest that lymphoma immunophenotype is important
      in obtaining a definite diagnosis in large-cell lymphomas and that it may lead to
      a better understanding of the differentiation of lymphomas of low-grade
      malignancy.

PMID- 6364692
TI  - A clinico-pathological and immunological study of unfavourable non-Hodgkin
      lymphomas. Comparison of the Rappaport and Kiel classifications.
AB  - To evaluate the prognostic information of the Kiel classification a homogeneous
      material of 63 non-Hodgkin lymphomas of unfavourable Rappaport histology were re
      evaluated according to the definitions of the Kiel classification. The patients
      were selected from a prospective lymphoma study including 775 patients. Only
      ambiguous histological diagnoses analysed independently by two hematopathologists
      were accepted. Immunological markers of the tumours studied both in suspensions
      and on cryostate sections were in addition analysed in 40 of the patients. Forty
      one per cent (26/63) were of high grade malignancy according to the Kiel
      classification, 59% (36/63) were of low-grade malignancy. The DLPD group was most
      heterogeneous while a better concordance was found between DM and CB/CC and
      between DH and CB cases. However, prognostic subgroups of the two classifications
      were only partly equivalent. A good correlation was found between the Kiel high
      grade malignant group and patients of Rappaport poorest prognosis (DU, DH).
      Eighty-eight per cent of the lymphomas were of B cell, 5% of T cell and 7% of non
      B-non-T phenotypes. Both the Kiel and Rappaport morphologic classifications
      predicted survival in this selected material. Patients with B phenotypes survived
      longer than patients with lymphomas of non-B type. Among patients with diffuse
      lymphomas, those with a nodular and irregular distribution of immunoglobulin and
      C3d receptors tended to respond better and survived longer. No prognostic
      information was obtained from immunoglobulin isotypes, C3d or Fc-gamma receptors.
      It is concluded that the Kiel classification is equally reliable for clinical
      judgement as the Rappaport system and that immunological marker studies may add
      prognostic information.

PMID- 6364694
TI  - The study of depressive disorders using the PSE-ID-CATEGO system.
AB  - The PSE-CATEGO-ID system and its approach to the sub-classification of depression
      is described. The principle of sub-classification partly corresponds to the
      empirical relationships between symptoms on affective disorder. Comparison of
      CATEGO and DSM III demonstrates that major differences of classification can
      arise because of differences of the classificatory algorithm even though similar
      lists of symptoms are used. Empirical studies of the PSE-CATEGORO-ID system are
      described and their importance in providing evidence for a rational choice
      between classificatory system is emphasised.

PMID- 6364693
TI  - [Clinical research in Freud and Piaget].

PMID- 6364695
TI  - The diagnosis of depression: 20 years later.

PMID- 6364696
TI  - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography. Collateral circulation to 'empty
      leg'.
AB  - Among 60 patients with uni- or bilateral occlusion of the common or external
      iliac arteries or both, 12 patients had collateral blood supply originating from
      the internal mammary or lateral thoracic arteries, or both. By means of
      intravenous digital subtraction angiography the thoracic arterial pathways and
      the non-occluded arteries of both legs, simultaneously, were easily demonstrated
      using the 30 cm effective field size of a Sirecon 33 triplex N image intensifier.

PMID- 6364697
TI  - Stereotaxic needle biopsy of non-palpable breast lesions. A clinical and
      radiologic follow-up.
AB  - A stereotaxic instrument has been evolved and is now routinely used for screw
      needle biopsy of non-palpable lesions of the breast detected at mammary
      radiography. A follow-up is presented of 323 such lesions which were not excised
      within 3 months of the initial radiography and biopsy. With a combination of
      results from radiographic and cytologic examinations of cellular material from
      stereotaxic biopsy, the incidence of 'false' negative results was less than one
      per cent. The biopsy method can therefore be recommended for the investigation of
      non-palpable lesions of the breast revealed at mammary radiography.

PMID- 6364698
TI  - A simplified quantification method of complex-release activity using peroxidase
      as immune complex antigen.
AB  - The complement-mediated solubilization of precipitable immune complexes (complex
      release activity) in serum specimens was determined by a simplified method using
      peroxidase as an immune complex antigen. The results correlated well with the
      hemolytic activity via the classical complement pathway and that via the
      alternative complement pathway. This simplified method proved to be reliable and
      useful.

PMID- 6364699
TI  - [Functional recovery of the injured brain].

PMID- 6364701
TI  - Obesity, anxiety, and food consumption.
AB  - This study examined the relation between level of anxiety (relaxation, low, and
      high) and food consumption among obese and normal weight individuals. Obese
      individuals ate significantly less when highly anxious than when mildly anxious.
      Their consumption when relaxed was at an intermediate level. Normal weight people
      ate similar amounts at all levels of anxiety. These data were not consistent with
      the prediction of psychosomatic theory (Kaplan & Kaplan, 1957) that obese people
      eat more when anxious than calm. The findings were partially consistent with
      Robbins and Fray's (1980) hypothesis that for obese people there is a curvilinear
      relation between anxiety and eating with maximum food consumption occurring at
      moderate levels of anxiety. The data in this study suggest that level of anxiety
      is an important factor to consider in understanding the influence of anxiety on
      eating behavior.

PMID- 6364700
TI  - Dose-dependent subcutaneous absorption of porcine, bovine and human NPH insulins.
AB  - The absorption of 125I-labelled porcine, bovine and human neutral protamine
      Hagedorn (NPH) insulins was compared in 40 diabetic patients after subcutaneous
      injections in the thighs using doses of 6 and 24 IU (40 IU/ml). Furthermore, the
      absorption of porcine NPH insulin was compared with bovine NPH insulin and
      porcine lente type insulin in the same dose (6 IU). All these intermediately
      acting insulins showed similar absorption rates when administered in the same
      dose. However, an increase in the injected dose from 6 to 24 IU resulted in a
      decrease of approximately 30% in the absorption rate of all NPH insulins.

PMID- 6364703
TI  - Methionine adenosyltransferase (S-adenosylmethionine synthetase) and S
      adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.

PMID- 6364702
TI  - The beta-replacement-specific pyridoxal-P-dependent lyases.

PMID- 6364704
TI  - The metallobiochemistry of zinc enzymes.

PMID- 6364706
TI  - Role of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 in ischaemic heart disease.

PMID- 6364705
TI  - Allantoin degradation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae--a model system for gene
      regulation and metabolic integration.

PMID- 6364707
TI  - Prostacyclin and its analogues for the therapy of thromboembolic disorders.

PMID- 6364708
TI  - Prostacyclin in the treatment of atherosclerosis obliterans and other vascular
      diseases.

PMID- 6364709
TI  - Haemodynamic and antihypertensive effect of prostacyclin.

PMID- 6364710
TI  - Platelet function tests and coronary heart disease.

PMID- 6364711
TI  - CNS regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.

PMID- 6364712
TI  - Positron emission tomographic studies of local cerebral glucose metabolism in
      humans in physiological and pathophysiological conditions.

PMID- 6364713
TI  - Glucose transfer across the blood--brain barrier.

PMID- 6364714
TI  - Central nervous system regulation of insulin secretion.

PMID- 6364715
TI  - CNS regulation of glucagon secretion.

PMID- 6364716
TI  - Insulin binding to brain microvessels.

PMID- 6364717
TI  - Insulin in brain and other extrapancreatic tissues of vertebrates and
      nonvertebrates.

PMID- 6364718
TI  - Insulin in the central nervous system.
AB  - In summary, before hypothesizing synthesis of insulin in nonpancreatic tissues,
      one must determine with some accuracy the insulin concentrations in tissues such
      as the brain of various species or in IM-9 lymphocytes, or of non-guinea pig
      insulin in guinea pig tissues. If the concentrations are no more than a few
      percentage points of the levels initially reported by the NIH laboratory
      (Havrankova et al., 1978, 1979; Rosenzweig et al., 1980a,b), then some
      explanation should be given for the erroneously high concentrations that they
      earlier reported. If the very much lower concentrations that we have reported
      (Eng and Yalow, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982; Bauman et al., 1982) are the true levels,
      then attempts to demonstrate synthesis in extrapancreatic tissues either by amino
      acid incorporation or by the methodology that has been described by Giddings et
      al. (1982) are doomed to failure. Our observations that transfer from the
      periphery can result in insulin levels in the brains of small-brained but not of
      large-brained animals comparable to or even, on occasion, higher than plasma
      levels when plasma levels are falling can account for our earlier observations
      (Eng and Yalow, 1979, 1980) that in rat but not in dog or rabbit brain insulin
      concentrations may be comparable to plasma levels. Furthermore, the absence of
      mechanisms in nonendocrine cells for the complex processing of insulin precursors
      to the 6000-dalton peptide and the absence of proinsulin in the extracts of the
      variety of tissues reported from the NIH laboratory suggest that the insulin
      found in these extracts was ultimately derived from pancreatic insulin.

PMID- 6364719
TI  - Reciprocal innervation of the liver: its significance in metabolic control.

PMID- 6364720
TI  - Insulin injected into CNS structures or into the carotid artery: effect on
      carbohydrate homeostasis of the intact animal.
AB  - A synopsis is presented of studies (anatomical, immunohistological,
      immunochemical, and physiological) that suggested the presence of insulin
      receptors, native insulin, insulin-responsive cells, and insulin-sensitive
      glucoregulatory regions (centers) in the CNS. Evidence and consideration at
      variance with the above were also briefly listed. The controversies related to
      this new field of investigations are far from settled; they will provide a
      fertile field for exciting pioneering work for many investigators in the near
      future.

PMID- 6364721
TI  - The role of insulin as a satiety factor in the central nervous system.

PMID- 6364722
TI  - Coordinated responses of glucogenic hormones to central glucopenia: the role of
      the sympathoadrenal system.
AB  - In normal humans glucagon plays a primary role in promoting glucose recovery from
      hypoglycemia, glucagon deficiency is largely compensated for by enhanced
      epinephrine secretion, and recovery from hypoglycemia fails to occur only in the
      absence of both glucagon and epinephrine. Defective glucose counterregulation is
      exemplified by patients with insulin-dependent diabetes. Although most such
      patients have deficient glucagon secretory responses to hypoglycemia, they
      counterregulate adequately because of intact epinephrine secretion. Some
      patients, however, become defenseless against hypoglycemia because of combined
      deficiencies of glucagon and epinephrine.

PMID- 6364723
TI  - Conditioned hypoglycemia and conditioned insulin secretion.

PMID- 6364724
TI  - Autoradiographic determination of local cerebral glucose metabolism:
      physiological and pathological studies.

PMID- 6364725
TI  - The significance of peroxisomes in the metabolism of one-carbon compounds in
      yeasts.

PMID- 6364726
TI  - Physiology of acidophilic and alkalophilic bacteria.

PMID- 6364727
TI  - Metabolism of one-carbon compounds by chemotrophic anaerobes.

PMID- 6364728
TI  - The surface stress theory of microbial morphogenesis.
AB  - From the physics of the situation, one might conclude that the osmotic pressure
      within most prokaryotes creates a sufficiently high tension in the wall that
      organisms are at risk of ripping themselves apart. The Surface Stress Theory
      holds that they avoid this, and are able to carry out certain morphogenetic
      processes by linking the cleavages of appropriate bonds to enzymes that are
      sensitive to the stress in the bonds under attack. This tends to maintain the
      internal pressure and couples wall growth to cytoplasmic growth. Mechanisms with
      widely different geometry function for different organisms, but they have in
      common the requirement that new murein be covalently linked, and usually in an
      unextended conformation. Organisms differ in the site of wall addition and site
      of cleavage. In the Gram-positive Streptococcus, septum formation, and septal
      splitting occurs with little stretching of the unsplit septum. In Gram-positive
      bacilli, the cylinder grows by the inside-to-outside mechanism, and the poles
      appear to be formed by a split-and-stretch mechanism. Gram-negative rods, with
      their much thinner wall, resist a spherical shape and are capable of cell
      division by altering the biochemical mechanism so that initially one-third to one
      fifth of the pressure-volume work required to increase the area of the side wall
      is needed to increase that in a developing pole. The growth of hyphae is a
      separate case; it requires that much less work is needed to force growth of the
      apex relative to the side wall. Some other bacterial shapes also can be explained
      by the theory. But at present, it is only a theory, although it is gradually
      becoming capable of accounting for current observations in detail. Its importance
      is that it prescribes many experiments that now need to be done.

PMID- 6364729
TI  - A new selective suicide inhibitor of peripheral DOPA decarboxylase.
AB  - Although the present study is based on a small number of patients, our clinical
      data clearly show that DFMD is as effective as other peripheral decarboxylase
      inhibitors in potentiating the action of L-DOPA. In 3 patients, we observed an
      improvement above that with previous therapy. This may suggest that in some
      patients DFMD is either more effective than other decarboxylase inhibitors or
      that it has its own effect. Subjective complaints with DFMD were frequent and 9
      of the 10 patients preferred their previous therapy. In 5 patients, we observed
      an increase in blood pressure while on DFMD plus L-DOPA and 2 had EEG changes.
      These effects appear to be drug-related. Because of its side effects, DFMD cannot
      be considered in this form as a useful adjuvant in Parkinson therapy. However,
      further studies are necessary for the development of selective inhibitors.

PMID- 6364730
TI  - Effect of stereoencephalotomy on long-latency EMG responses and motor control of
      arm movements in Parkinson's syndrome.

PMID- 6364731
TI  - The present role of stereotactic surgery in the management of Parkinson's
      disease.

PMID- 6364732
TI  - CT analysis of stereotactic thalamotomy.

PMID- 6364733
TI  - Serotonin in pallidal neuronal circuits: an immunocytochemical study in monkeys.

PMID- 6364734
TI  - Recent observations on the behaviour of certain trypanosomes within their insect
      hosts.

PMID- 6364735
TI  - The genetic basis of diversity in malaria parasites.
AB  - The principal findings of the P. falciparum surveys are given below. Considerable
      diversity of enzymes, antigens, drug sensitivity and other characters is seen
      among P. falciparum isolates. Cloning studies show that certain isolates contain
      mixtures of parasites which may be diverse in one or more of these characters. No
      obvious regional distribution is seen in the enzymic and antigenic characters
      examined, although differences in the frequencies of certain enzymes appear to
      exist. Variations in drug sensitivity are seen among parasites from different
      regions, the occurrence of resistant forms usually being correlated with the
      extent of use of the drug concerned.

PMID- 6364736
TI  - Hydatidosis and cysticercosis: the dynamics of transmission.
AB  - The infective pattern of taeniids in their intermediate hosts is determined by
      the complex interaction of parasite- and host-related factors. Many of these have
      been examined in this review, but particular emphasis has been placed on
      environmental factors that affect the free-living egg. While number, infectivity
      and distribution of eggs are among the important factors determining the
      infective pattern, the dynamics of this aspect of transmission have been
      previously neglected. The biotic potential of the large taeniid tapeworms is
      enormous. Eggs deposited on pasture are subjected to the microclimatic effects of
      the environment. They seem to tolerate a relatively wide temperature range. Heat
      down to -30 degrees C. However, they are rapidly killed by low humidity at all
      temperatures. Under more favourable conditions, they have finite life spans
      largely determined by the environmental temperature. At deposition, the egg
      population seems to be at various stages of maturity. Immature eggs appear to be
      able to mature under suitable environmental conditions and to become infective.
      They then age, and their infectivity to the intermediate host declines. At the
      population level, the changes in infectivity with time are determined by the
      relative stages of maturity within the egg population and the temperatures that
      it experiences. Under certain circumstances the infectivity of a given population
      may increase temporarily. The movements and defaecation habits of the definitive
      host determine the primary site of egg deposition. However, evidence is
      accumulating that considerable dispersion occurs almost immediately afterwards.
      Eggs have been shown to disperse up to 80 m within 10 days and there are
      indications that small numbers travel much further. Intermediate hosts, such as
      cattle and sheep, generally avoid grazing areas contaminated with faeces. Thus,
      dispersal enhances the chance of the eggs being ingested. The combination of high
      biotic potential and long-range dispersal means that individual infected
      definitive hosts can be responsible for infecting intermediate hosts over a very
      wide area. Although various possible agents have been suggested, the mechanisms
      responsible for disseminating eggs are still uncertain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 6364737
TI  - Lipid metabolism in parasitic helminths.

PMID- 6364738
TI  - Cell-mediated killing of protozoa.
AB  - Cell-mediated immunity represents an important host defence mechanism against
      protozoal infections. The effector cells directly involved are neutrophils,
      macrophages and, ultimately, activated macrophages. Within this simple scheme
      there are, however, considerable variations in activity. Effector cells from
      different animal species, and even from different strains of the same species,
      may be more or less effective in controlling a certain protozoal infection.
      Different protozoa differ in their susceptibility to cell-mediated killing
      according to genus, species, strain and morphological form. The most susceptible
      morphological form is that which occurs in the insect vector, and which has not
      yet adapted to protect itself from the vertebrate host. Epimastigotes of
      Trypanosoma and promastigotes of Leishmania are readily killed by phagocytic
      cells, while the corresponding trypomastigote and amastigote forms are
      considerably more resistant. Protozoa which live in macrophages, such as
      amastigotes of Leishmania, endozoites (tachyzoites) of Toxoplasma and amastigotes
      of reticulotropic strains of T. cruzi, have developed a remarkable resistance to
      the microbicidal activity of the host cell. Conversely, amastigotes of myotropic
      strains of T. cruzi, which live in muscle cells, have not developed this
      resistance to cell-mediated killing by macrophages. Readily accessible protozoa,
      such as T. brucei trypomastigotes and Plasmodium merozoites in the bloodstream,
      while they lack the marked resistance developed by reticulotropic protozoa, have
      a partial protection since they are attacked by phagocytic cells only when
      specific antibody is present. Granulocyte-mediated killing can be largely
      attributed to neutrophils. Eosinophils appear to play only a minor role and
      compete ineffectually when neutrophils are also present. The only group of
      protozoal species which may be significantly controlled by eosinophils are the
      stercorarian species of Trypanosoma. In vitro experiments show that antibody
      coated trypomastigotes of T. cruzi can be killed by eosinophils, although there
      is little evidence that this occurs in vivo. Interestingly, this is the only
      species that has been reported to be susceptible to the major basic protein of
      eosinophils, a toxic component of the lysosomal granules which is very active
      against helminths. Neutrophils are not very active against endozoites of
      Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma, trypomastigotes of salivarian Trypanosoma, free
      merozoites of Plasmodium, and promastigotes and amastigotes of
      Leishmania.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6364739
TI  - Abdominoplasty: peri- and supra-umbilical lipectomy.
AB  - The historical evolution of abdominoplasty, from the first reference to this type
      of operation in 1880 up to today, is summarized. A description is given of the
      author's contribution to abdominal surgery through a peri- and supra-umbilical
      lipectomy, which produces a better final outcome with regard to the resultant
      depression in this region, conveying a more natural aspect. The losangular scar
      for constructing the umbilicus is also reported.

PMID- 6364740
TI  - Rejuvenation revisited.
AB  - Rejuvenation is a subject that has captured the imagination of the public as well
      as the interest of physicians. Long before plastic surgeons began performing
      operations, patients sought the help of reputable practitioners and charlatans
      alike to alleviate the outward manifestations of aging. This paper presents some
      of the men who offered remedies--some apparently ineffective or even potentially
      harmful--to those hopeful of restoring youth.

PMID- 6364741
TI  - Migration of silicone gel into breast parenchyma following mammary prosthesis
      rupture.
AB  - The case report of a patient with a ruptured gel mammary prosthesis complicated
      by migration of the gel into the breast parenchyma is presented. It is felt that
      the constant massage of the prostheses in an attempt to avoid fibrous contracture
      after closed capsulotomy is the etiology for this migration. The prosthesis and
      extruded gel were removed by sacrificing breast parenchyma. Repeated prosthesis
      massage after closed capsulotomy exposes the patient to significant potential
      complication if the prosthesis has been ruptured.

PMID- 6364742
TI  - [A plea against the Edlan-Mejchar method of surgical vestibular deepening].

PMID- 6364743
TI  - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography of arteriosclerotic vertebrobasilar
      disease.
AB  - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed in 111 patients
      with vertebrobasilar ischemia. Ninety percent of the vertebral images were of
      diagnostic quality; 23% of the basilar images were good quality and 53% fair
      quality; and 58% of the posterior cerebral images were poor. Compared with
      selective film arteriography in 23 patients, DSA tended to underestimate the
      degree of atheromatous disease. Segments of the basilar artery were often poorly
      seen, which could result in false-negative errors. DSA can provide a general
      assessment of atheromatous disease of the brachiocephalic vessels, including the
      vertebral and carotid arteries, and in many cases can exclude occlusion or
      critical stenosis of the vertebrobasilar system. However, it does not adequately
      image the posterior cerebral or cerebellar artery.

PMID- 6364744
TI  - Limitations in the interpretation of intravenous carotid digital subtraction
      angiography.
AB  - To evaluate the limitations of intravenous carotid digital subtraction
      angiography (DSA) in the diagnosis of carotid disease, studies of 130 patients
      were reviewed. Factors that resulted in a nondiagnostic study included: (1)
      misregistration larynx artifact overlying the carotid bifurcation; (2) external
      carotid or vertebral artery overlying the internal carotid artery; and (3) poor
      arterial contrast density secondary to poor cardiac function. As a result of
      these limitations, the ideal of adequate demonstration of both carotid
      bifurcations in two opposite oblique projections or an oblique and
      anteroposterior projection was achieved in only 34 patients (26%). Of 126 carotid
      bifurcations that were seen adequately in two or more different projections, 19
      (15%) showed an abnormality in one projection but appeared normal in another.
      These abnormalities would not have been detected had the vessel been visualized
      only in the spuriously normal-appearing projection. These and other limitations
      of intravenous DSA, such as contrast load and morbidity, are discussed.

PMID- 6364745
TI  - Esophagogastric region and its rings.

PMID- 6364746
TI  - Sonographic evaluation of experimental acute renal arterial occlusion in dogs.
AB  - Eleven segmental and eight total renal artery occlusions were evaluated by
      sonography in transplanted kidneys of 19 adult mongrel dogs. The segmental
      occlusions were serially scanned daily or every other day for up to 35 days. The
      total occlusions were scanned daily for up to 10 days. Each occlusion was
      confirmed angiographically, and kidneys were examined pathologically. Acute
      segmental renal artery occlusion produces a sequence of sonographic changes,
      beginning with a focal hypoechoic mass at 24 hr, which stays unchanged for 5-7
      days. At 7 days, internal echoes appear, and the infarct slowly consolidates to
      an echogenic, slightly depressed focus at 17 days. Total renal artery occlusion
      produced no appreciable change in cortical echogenicity and only slight increase
      in size. Acute segmental renal infarction can be detected early in its course and
      demonstrates a sequence of changes that may aid in dating the infarct. Total
      renal infarction may appear normal sonographically, and further studies are
      needed to confirm that diagnosis.

PMID- 6364747
TI  - Angiography of pulmonary emboli: digital studies and balloon-occlusion
      cineangiography.
AB  - The value of digital pulmonary arteriography and balloon-occlusion
      cineangiography was investigated in 118 selected patients. In one series of 40
      patients, digital pulmonary arteriography correctly identified pulmonary emboli
      in 20 (75%) of 26 positive examinations when interpretation was confined to the
      first three divisions of the pulmonary artery. In a second series of 78 patients
      with peripheral radionuclide perfusion scan defects, 40 of whom had pulmonary
      emboli, adjunctive balloon-occlusion cineangiography demonstrated emboli in four
      patients not seen on standard selective catheter pulmonary magnification studies
      with cut films. These two procedures (i.e., digital pulmonary arteriography and
      balloon-occlusion cineangiography) are important adjuncts to radionuclide
      perfusion scans and selective catheter pulmonary arteriography in the evaluation
      of patients with pulmonary emboli.

PMID- 6364748
TI  - A comparison of Iohexol and Conray-60 in peripheral angiography.
AB  - A double-blind clinical trial was performed in 61 adults in an attempt to compare
      the safety and efficacy of an ionic with a nonionic contrast agent in peripheral
      angiography. Objective clinical (vital signs) and laboratory factors (complete
      blood count, serum electrolytes, serum chemistry, urinalysis, and urine
      chemistry) were monitored before, during, and after the examination on each
      patient. There was no statistically significant difference in pre- and posttest
      laboratory and clinical parameters between those patients who received ionic and
      those who received nonionic contrast material. Data also were collected to
      evaluate pain and radiographic quality. The most striking finding was the marked
      diminution of perceived pain in those patients who received nonionic contrast
      material compared with those who did not. The data suggest that nonionic contrast
      agents are at least as safe as the ionic agents currently in use and produce an
      examination of equal quality with considerably less patient discomfort.

PMID- 6364749
TI  - Noise analysis of a digital radiography system.
AB  - The sources of noise in a digital video subtraction angiography system were
      identified and analyzed. Signal-to-noise ratios of digital radiography systems
      were measured using the digital image data recorded in the computer. The major
      sources of noise include quantum noise, TV camera electronic noise, quantization
      noise from the analog-to-digital converter, time jitter, structure noise in the
      image intensifier, and video recorder electronic noise. A new noise source was
      identified, which results from the interplay of fixed pattern noise and the lack
      of image registration. This type of noise may result from image-intensifier
      structure noise in combination with TV camera time jitter or recorder time
      jitter. A similar noise source is generated from the interplay of patient
      absorption inhomogeneities and patient motion or image re-registration. Signal-to
      noise ratios were measured for a variety of experimental conditions using
      subtracted digital images. The measured signal-to-noise ratios were found to
      fluctuate on repeat trials with about a 10% standard deviation. Averaging of
      video frames was found to reduce the noise level by the expected square root N
      relation, where N is the number of frames averaged. Image-intensifier structure
      noise was shown to be a dominant noise source in unsubtracted images at medium to
      high radiation exposure levels. A total-system signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of
      750:1 was measured for an input exposure of 1 mR/frame at the image intensifier
      input. The effect of scattered radiation on subtracted image SNR was found to be
      greater than previously reported. The detail SNR was found to vary approximately
      as one plus the scatter degradation factor. Quantization error noise with 8-bit
      image processors (signal-to-noise ratio of 890:1) was shown to be of increased
      importance after recent improvements in TV cameras. The results of the analysis
      are useful both in the design of future digital radiography systems and the
      selection of optimum clinical techniques.

PMID- 6364750
TI  - The Alabama Lions Eye Bank--journey for sight.

PMID- 6364751
TI  - Lipoprotein cholesterol levels, coronary artery disease and regular exercise: a
      review.

PMID- 6364752
TI  - Vestibular functioning--an indepth review.

PMID- 6364753
TI  - Urinary tract infections in children.
AB  - A five-year review of pediatric patients with urinary tract infections shows that
      absolute colony counts are not satisfactory as the sole criterion for urinary
      tract infection. Prior to culture results, patients can be treated empirically if
      the urine is nitrite-positive or if there is more than an occasional organism per
      high power field on unspun urine. In this series, no diagnostic or therapeutic
      benefit resulted from localizing studies. Patients with enuresis and infection
      should undergo radiologic evaluation for an anatomic abnormality.

PMID- 6364754
TI  - Clinical evaluation of a new temporary atrial pacing catheter: results in 100
      patients.
AB  - Absence of a temporary atrial electrode that is stable and easily positioned has
      limited the use of atrial pacing in the hospital setting. A novel electrode
      involving a performed, 6F "J"-shaped catheter with a 10F anodal sphere and
      proximal fixed orienting wings 28 cm from the anodal tip was constructed. This
      design facilitated percutaneous insertion into the subclavian vein and
      positioning without fluoroscopy. Over a 15-month period, five physicians used the
      device in 100 patients for control of bradycardia in 56, overdrive suppression of
      atrial or ventricular tachyarrhythmias in 29, conversion and control of
      paroxysmal atrial tachycardia in seven, and temporary atrial-ventricular
      sequential pacing in eight patients with complete heart block. In 75 patients the
      electrode was inserted at the bedside without the benefit of fluoroscopy. Average
      insertion time was 2.5 minutes, initial thresholds were good, and lead stability
      evaluated by x-ray films and ECG recordings was excellent. The duration of pacing
      with the lead was 4.3 days (mean) and ranged from 1 to 23 days, with episodes of
      capture failure in only seven cases. Two of these cases were readily corrected by
      repositioning. This new electrode system could be rapidly inserted with excellent
      stability and reliability for days. Its ease of use could expand the role of
      temporary atrial pacing.

PMID- 6364755
TI  - Endomyocardial biopsy in Henoch-Schonlein purpura.

PMID- 6364756
TI  - Coronary care unit effectiveness.

PMID- 6364757
TI  - Intermittent ambulatory dobutamine infusions for patients awaiting cardiac
      transplantation.

PMID- 6364758
TI  - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography to assess aneurysms of the
      ventricular and atrial septum pre- and postoperatively.

PMID- 6364759
TI  - Cardiovascular consequences of primary antihypertensive therapy with prazosin
      hydrochloride.
AB  - Ten patients with essential hypertension who had no end-organ damage were treated
      with prazosin, starting with a dose of 1 mg/day. The dose was titrated to a
      maximal tolerated dose not exceeding 20 mg/day in divided doses or until
      diastolic blood pressure decreased to 90 mm Hg or lower. Among this study
      population a statistically significant decrease in blood pressures was achieved
      in the supine, sitting and standing positions. Baseline studies were repeated
      after 8 weeks of continuous therapy. There was no significant change in
      peripheral plasma renin activity, serum aldosterone or urinary sodium excretion.
      Plasma volume increased significantly and the patient weight increased
      proportionately. Cardiac ejection fraction at rest did not change significantly
      after prazosin therapy. Exercise ejection fraction also was not changed
      significantly from baseline during therapy, and the exercise-induced increase in
      blood pressure was significantly blunted. No adverse effects of prazosin on
      cardiac function were detected in this short-term study.

PMID- 6364760
TI  - Comparison of blood pressure, plasma lipid and cardiac performance responses to
      prazosin versus propranolol in thiazide-treated hypertensive patients.
AB  - Twenty-seven patients with uncontrolled hypertension (diastolic blood pressure
      greater than or equal to 95 mm Hg) receiving thiazide diuretics were treated with
      the addition of either propranolol (n = 10) or prazosin (n = 17). Nine patients
      were successfully controlled with propranolol and 12 with prazosin. Six patients
      required both study drugs for optimal blood pressure control, 5 of whom had
      received prazosin as the initial study drug. Changes in serum lipid components
      and cardiac performances with the addition of the study drugs were monitored. A
      decrease in total cholesterol and an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
      cholesterol were seen when prazosin was added, and an increase in total
      cholesterol and a decrease in HDL cholesterol occurred after the addition of
      propranolol. Although in this small group of patients these changes did not reach
      statistical significance, they were similar to changes described in other studies
      in which these drugs were used as monotherapy for hypertension. The only lipid
      change of statistical significance was a small increase in the serum triglyceride
      concentration in patients receiving propranolol. The findings for total
      cholesterol and its fractions suggest that the effects of the study drugs may not
      be additive to those of thiazides and that thiazides had already effected a
      maximal lipid response. Both agents in combination with a thiazide diuretic were
      equally effective in decreasing diastolic blood pressure to the goal of less than
      or equal to 85 mm Hg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6364761
TI  - Five-year effect of medical and surgical therapy on resting left ventricular
      function in stable angina: Veterans Administration Cooperative Study.
AB  - The effect of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and medical therapy on 5
      year resting left ventricular (LV) function was studied in 194 randomized
      patients with stable angina in the Veterans Administration Study of Coronary
      Artery Bypass Surgery. LV ejection fraction (EF) was determined in a central
      laboratory. The 92 medical and 102 surgical patients were comparable at entry
      with respect to historic, angiographic and electrocardiographic prognostic
      indicators. Twenty-eight percent of the medical and 30% of the surgical patients
      had a baseline EF of less than 50%. There was no significant change in mean EF
      between baseline and 5-year values in either treatment group. The baseline and 5
      year values were 56 and 58% in each treatment group. Intervening myocardial
      infarction (MI) had an adverse effect in medically treated patients (59 to 46%, p
      less than 0.01) and in surgically treated patients with late MI (58 to 47%,
      difference not significant). Perioperative MI was not associated with a decrease
      in EF (56 to 58%, difference not significant). These findings extend the similar
      results of previous short-term studies of the effect of coronary bypass surgery
      on resting LV function to 5 years, and provide data in a comparable medical
      control group.

PMID- 6364762
TI  - Comparison of the multivariate analysis and CADENZA systems for determination of
      the probability of coronary artery disease.
AB  - The accuracy of 2 discriminate systems for diagnosis of coronary artery disease
      (CAD), multivariate analysis (MVA) and Bayesian analysis (CADENZA), was evaluated
      in 113 patients undergoing electrocardiographic stress testing and coronary
      angiography. MVA uses weighting factors (F values) generated from our patient
      data, whereas CADENZA uses probabilities gleaned from an extensive review of the
      American literature. Overall accuracy was similar. MVA had a higher sensitivity
      for 1-vessel CAD (75 versus 33%), but CADENZA was better for determining the
      severity of CAD. The 2 systems provided posterior probabilities for disease that
      were highly correlated (r = 0.56; p less than 0.001). Both systems suggest the
      need for further testing based on the probability generated; herein lies their
      major strength. The application of such systems should help the clinician reach a
      diagnosis or make a decision as to management in a cost-effective manner.

PMID- 6364763
TI  - Clinical value of intracoronary streptokinase.

PMID- 6364764
TI  - Evidence of remnant recipient atria producing mechanical atrial systole after
      heart transplantation.

PMID- 6364765
TI  - Reducing the blood cholesterol level reduces the risk of heart attack.

PMID- 6364766
TI  - Electrophysiologic basis for arrhythmias in ischemic heart disease.
AB  - Substantial gains have been made toward clarifying the mechanisms of arrhythmia
      in ischemia in animal models. After coronary occlusion in the dog, ischemic
      myocardial cells have reduced resting potential and slowed and diminished
      upstrokes of action potentials due to depression of fast channels. As a result,
      conduction is slow and irregular, especially at shorter cycle lengths, because
      refractoriness is altered by a delay in recovery of the fast channels beyond the
      completion of repolarization. These abnormalities occur during the acute phase of
      arrhythmia in the first half hour after occlusion and persist in surviving the
      subepicardial layers of myocardial cells for days to weeks. Reentry has been
      mapped in these surviving layers. Reentrant circuits form around regions of
      functional block formed by interfaces between responding and refractory
      myocardium. Standard antiarrhythmic agents generally are fast-channel blockers
      that further depress conduction and prolong refractoriness in ischemic tissue,
      causing block in slow conducting segments of the reentry circuits. However,
      antiarrhythmic agents may cause or accentuate reentrant arrhythmias by virtue of
      the same depressant actions. The greater likelihood of antiarrhythmic agents
      suppressing rather than producing reentrant arrhythmias may be due to enhanced
      depressant effects of antiarrhythmic agents on very slowly conducting tissues
      that are involved in reentry circuits. After the acute phase, arrhythmias
      occurring 1 to 4 days after coronary occlusion are probably largely automatic,
      although the potential for reentry remains if the cycle length is shortened.
      Abnormally enhanced automaticity and triggered activity are demonstrable in the
      surviving Purkinje network in regions of infarction, but the role of these
      phenomena in vivo has not been clarified.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6364767
TI  - A proposal for the clinical use of flecainide.
AB  - Effective antiarrhythmic therapy requires a carefully considered approach,
      including an understanding of the arrhythmia, the underlying cardiac disease and
      the drug's pharmacokinetics. Flecainide is a new antiarrhythmic drug that may
      soon be released for general use. Flecainide demonstrates unsurpassed efficacy in
      chronic ventricular arrhythmias in stable patients and may become a first-choice
      drug because of its ease of administration, efficacy and favorable tolerance.
      Twice-daily dosing with 100 to 200 mg usually provides effective therapy.
      Clinical experience suggests flecainide to be indicated in the treatment of
      uniform and multiform ventricular premature complexes, coupled ventricular
      premature complexes, and episodes of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. A
      lower response rate is observed in preventing induction of sustained ventricular
      tachycardia, and these patients should be carefully selected. Flecainide is
      promising in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardias using
      atrioventricular nodal or extranodal reentrant pathways, although this use is
      still investigational in the United States. The drug's use for arrhythmias during
      acute myocardial infarction requires further study. Flecainide possesses modest
      negative inotropic potential. Proarrhythmic or other adverse reactions have
      occurred primarily in settings of high drug level, poor ventricular function or
      refractory, malignant arrhythmias, suggesting caution in these groups.

PMID- 6364768
TI  - Discovery and development of flecainide.
AB  - The flecainide discovery and development process started in 1966 with the broad
      goal of investigating the effects of fluorine substitution in potential drug
      molecules. The overall process evolved slowly. The original goals of the project
      were translated into the 3 major phases: (1) the synthesis and evaluation of 2
      major chemical series through the efforts of chemists who incorporated fluorine
      atoms into new compounds; (2) a change in focus from local anesthetic programs to
      the antiarrhythmic project through the efforts and advisement of pharmacologists;
      and (3) commitment to a flecainide development plan culminating in the new drug
      application for approval of flecainide in the suppression and prevention of
      ventricular arrhythmias.

PMID- 6364769
TI  - Metabolism of flecainide.
AB  - After oral administration in healthy human subjects, flecainide absorption is
      prompt (average peak level at 3 to 4 hours) and nearly complete (at least 90%);
      flecainide does not appear to undergo consequential presystemic
      biotransformation. Oral absorption in patients with cardiac arrhythmias, renal
      disease and congestive heart failure (CHF) is also good. Plasma levels of
      flecainide are proportional to dose within the therapeutic range. Neither food
      nor antacid affect the extent of flecainide absorption. In healthy subjects, the
      plasma half-life of unchanged flecainide is relatively long (mean 13 hours after
      single doses and 16 hours after multiple dosage). For patients with ventricular
      premature complexes, the half-life is longer (mean 20 hours), and twice-daily
      oral dosage is effective. The rate of flecainide elimination from plasma may
      possibly be reduced in older patients. Overall, the plasma pharmacokinetics of
      flecainide appear to be reasonably linear (not dose- or concentration-dependent).
      In humans, most (mean 86%) of a single oral dose is excreted in urine as
      flecainide and its metabolites; only a small portion (mean 5%) is found in feces.
      Thus, flecainide does not appear to undergo extensive biliary excretion. A
      substantial portion (mean 27%) of a dose is excreted in urine as unchanged
      flecainide. Under alkaline urinary conditions, flecainide elimination may be
      decreased. Only 2 major and 2 or 3 minor metabolites are found in human urine.
      The 2 major urinary metabolites possess little or no detectable antiarrhythmic
      activity and are also the major metabolites present in human plasma (primarily
      conjugated); since free metabolite levels are very low in plasma, metabolites are
      not likely to contribute any consequential pharmacologic activity. The rate of
      flecainide elimination from plasma is somewhat slower in patients with moderate
      renal failure and in patients with CHF than that for healthy persons, and is
      markedly slower in some patients with end-stage renal disease. Urinary excretion
      of unchanged flecainide is somewhat less in moderate renal patients and is
      markedly less in end-stage renal patients, but is not altered in CHF patients.
      Dosage should be reduced in patients with more severe renal disease and, if
      indicated, in some CHF patients. Hemodialysis is not an effective means for
      removal of unchanged flecainide, but does provide more substantial removal of
      metabolites. Flecainide is not extensively bound (mean 40%) to human plasma
      proteins in vitro and binding is independent of total drug level.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6364770
TI  - Flecainide versus quinidine: results of a multicenter trial.
AB  - In this multicenter trial, the efficacy and safety of flecainide, a new
      antiarrhythmic agent, were compared with those of quinidine, a standard
      antiarrhythmic agent in the United States. A randomized, parallel, placebo
      controlled design was used. Flecainide was more effective than quinidine (p less
      than 0.0001) in reducing ventricular premature complexes, couplets and
      ventricular tachycardia. Flecainide continued to be effective in reducing
      ventricular arrhythmias during a 12-month follow-up period. The incidence of side
      effects was similar for the 2 drugs in both short- and long-term studies.
      Therefore, flecainide should be an excellent drug to use in treating patients
      with ventricular arrhythmias classified as either benign or potentially
      malignant.

PMID- 6364771
TI  - Antiarrhythmic treatment: an overview.
AB  - Atrial and ventricular arrhythmias cause significant morbidity and mortality.
      Abnormalities of impulse generation, e.g., abnormal automaticity or triggered
      activity, or abnormalities of impulse conduction, e.g., atrioventricular block or
      reentry, are the prime mechanisms of atrial or ventricular arrhythmias. The
      ventricular arrhythmias are of special interest because they are a key element in
      sudden cardiac death, the number 1 public health problem in the U.S.
      Electrocardiographic recording or provocative testing, e.g., exercise or
      programmed ventricular stimulation, are used to detect and classify ventricular
      arrhythmias. Drugs with different mechanisms of action are being rapidly
      developed to combat cardiac arrhythmias. Ventricular arrhythmias can be defined
      as benign, potentially malignant or malignant. Benign ventricular arrhythmias
      require no drug treatment; potentially malignant arrhythmias are subject to drug
      prophylaxis; and the malignant ventricular arrhythmias require aggressive therapy
      with drugs, surgery or electronic devices. The management of the malignant
      ventricular arrhythmias should be evaluated by 1 of 2 programmatic approaches:
      electrophysiologic or Holter/exercise. Both are complex, costly and inconvenient,
      but both are excellent for identifying effective treatment for malignant
      ventricular arrhythmias.

PMID- 6364773
TI  - The influence of dietary isomeric and saturated fatty acids on atherosclerosis
      and eicosanoid synthesis in swine.
AB  - Weanling swine were fed for 6 months high fat diets containing as fat source, a
      high oleic acid safflower oil, lard, or a partially hydrogenated soybean oil
      blended with soybean oil. The extent of atherosclerosis in left coronary arteries
      and the ability of vascular components to synthesize eicosanoids important for
      blood clotting were determined. There was no significant difference (p greater
      than 0.05) in the extent of atherosclerosis or the synthesis of thromboxane A2.
      Significant effects were observed on serum cholesterol, which was elevated in the
      lard fed group, serum triacylglycerol, which was highest in the safflower oil
      group, and prostacyclin synthesis, which was depressed in both the lard and
      hydrogenated soybean oil diets compared to the safflower oil diet. No unique
      effect on the development of heart disease appears to be attributable to
      hydrogenated fats. The hydrogenated fat was similar to lard in decreasing
      prostacyclin synthesis, suggesting that the saturation of dietary fatty acids may
      be a contributory factor in the development of heart disease, through its effect
      on thrombotic processes.

PMID- 6364772
TI  - Chronobiology in hematology and immunology.
AB  - The hematopoietic and the immune systems in all their components are
      characterized by a multifrequency time structure with prominent rhythms in cell
      proliferation and cell function in the circadian, infradian, and rhythms in cell
      proliferation and cell function in the circadian, infradian, and circannual
      frequency ranges. The circulating formed elements in the peripheral blood show
      highly reproducible circadian rhythms. The timing and the extent of these rhythms
      were established in a clinically healthy human population and are shown as
      chronograms, cosinor summaries and, for some high-amplitude rhythms, as time
      qualified reference ranges (chronodesms). Not only the number but also the
      reactivity of circulating blood cells varies predictably as a function of time as
      shown for the circadian rhythm in responsiveness of human and murine lymphocytes
      in vitro to lectin mitogens (phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen). Some
      circadian rhythms of hematologic functions appear to be innate and are presumably
      genetically determined but are modulated and adjusted in their timing by
      environmental factors, so-called synchronizers. Phase alterations in the
      circadian rhythms of hematologic parameters of human subjects and of mice by
      manipulation of the activity-rest or light-dark schedule and/or of the time of
      food uptake are presented. Characteristically these functions do not change their
      timing immediately after a shift in synchronizer phase but adapt over several and
      in some instances over many transient cycles. The circadian rhythm of cell
      proliferation in the mammalian bone marrow and lymphoid system as shown in mice
      in vivo and in vitro may lend itself to timed treatment with cell-cycle-specific
      and nonspecific agents in an attempt to maximize the desired and to minimize the
      undesired treatment effects upon the marrow. Differences in response, and
      susceptibility of cells and tissues at different stages of their circadian and
      circaseptan (about 7-day) rhythms and presumably of cyclic variations in other
      frequencies are expected to lead to the development of a chronopharmacology of
      the hematopoietic and immune system. Infradian rhythms of several frequencies
      have been described for numerous hematologic and immune functions. Some of these,
      i.e., in the circaseptan frequency range, seem to be of importance for humoral
      and for cell mediated immune functions including allograft rejection. Infradian
      rhythms with periods of 19 to 22 days seem to occur in some hematologic functions
      and are very prominent in cyclic neutropenia and (with shorter periods) in its
      animal model, the grey collie syndrome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6364775
TI  - The effect of amylose content on insulin and glucose responses to ingested rice.
AB  - We evaluated the effect of amylose and amylopectin content on the glucose and
      insulin responses to rice. Thirty-three normal volunteers were given three types
      of rice containing 0, 14 to 17, or 23 to 25% of carbohydrate in the form of
      amylose. The glucose and insulin responses were measured over a period of 180
      min. Serum glucose response to high amylose rice was significantly lower at 30
      min, and dropped more gradually by 180 min than with 0% amylose rice. In
      addition, the high amylose rice produced significantly lower insulin levels at 30
      and 60 min, as well as lower integrated secretion over the 3-h test. Thus, our
      results suggest the presence of a factor in high-amylose rice which delays
      digestion and/or absorption of carbohydrate. Since fiber content and surface area
      of the test rices were identical, other factors must underlie these observed
      differences. These include differential enzymatic hydrolysis of amylose and
      amylopectin and the presence of lipid-starch complexes in the amylose-containing
      rice.

PMID- 6364774
TI  - Lack of effect of vitamin E therapy on the anemia of patients receiving
      hemodialysis.
AB  - We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind therapeutic trial of vitamin
      E as an erythropoietic agent in a group of patients with chronic renal failure
      who were undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Sixteen patients received 400 IU of
      vitamin E (d-alpha-tocopheryl acetate) by mouth twice daily and 19 patients
      received a placebo twice daily for 20 wk. The serum vitamin E concentration
      increased from 1.3 to 2.6 mg/dl in the treated group and decreased from 1.3 to
      1.1 in the placebo group. For the treated group the initial hematocrit was 24.8
      +/- 3.0 (mean +/- SD) and the final hematocrit was 25.8 +/- 3.8. For the placebo
      group the initial hematocrit was 24.9 +/- 3.0 and the final hematocrit was 23.5
      +/- 2.7. The treated group received a total of 40 blood transfusions, and the
      placebo group received a total of 35 blood transfusions. Thus, vitamin E had no
      effect on the anemia or transfusion requirements of patients undergoing chronic
      hemodialysis for chronic renal failure.

PMID- 6364776
TI  - Iron deficiency.

PMID- 6364777
TI  - The nutritional effects of tooth loss.
AB  - In view of the high prevalence of edentulousness in developed countries, the
      evidence is reviewed for the effects of tooth loss on nutrition and health in the
      following categories of effects: mortality; food choice and nutrient intake;
      gastrointestinal irritation; digestion and nutrient absorption; nutritional
      status. The evidence indicates reduced consumption of meat, fresh fruit, and
      vegetables, and total energy resulting in lower Hb and vitamin C levels,
      increased gastrointestinal irritation and increased mortality from choking but no
      striking differences in digestion or nutritional status. However, most studies
      are not carefully controlled for other social and health factors.

PMID- 6364778
TI  - Results in children with local and regional neuroblastoma managed with and
      without vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and imidazolecarboxamide. A report from
      the Children's Cancer Study Group.
AB  - Members of children's cancer study group designed Study CCG 351 to determine
      whether three drug chemotherapy improved the survival experience of children with
      localized neuroblastoma. Patients in stages I-III were treated with surgical
      removal of the primary tumor and those in stages II and III received radiation
      therapy to the tumor bed and chemotherapy. Treatment included cyclophosphamide,
      imidazolecarboxamide, and vincristine given in 5-day pulses each month for 12
      courses. The results were compared to those from a previous study, CCG 011, for
      localized neuroblastoma, in which children were randomized between a treatment
      regimen that included cyclophosphamide and one with no chemotherapy. There were
      133 evaluable patients, subdivided as follows: stages I-26, stages II-74, and
      stages III-33. The 3-year life-table survival rates by stage of 96, 89 and 50%
      were not significantly different from the patients in CCG 011 similarly staged
      who received either no chemotherapy or oral CPM. These data suggest that
      multiagent chemotherapy, as prescribed, did not improve the outlook for children
      with locally advanced but nonmetastatic neuroblastoma. The staging criteria
      employed showed a modest difference in outcome between patients in stages I and
      II, but a significant poorer survival for stage III as compared to either stage I
      or II.

PMID- 6364779
TI  - Combined modality approach in breast cancer with isolated or multiple metastases.
AB  - One hundred thirty-six patients with isolated recurrence of breast cancer
      received regional therapy (surgery and/or irradiation) followed by combination
      chemotherapy with fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC). The
      disease-free survival of the group receiving FAC was compared to that of a
      historical control group treated with only regional therapy. The median disease
      free interval between the first and second recurrence for the control group was 9
      months and for the patients receiving FAC, 38 months (p less than 0.01). The
      median survivals from first recurrence for the control and the FAC groups were 40
      months and 60 months, respectively (p less than 0.02). In addition, 20 selected
      patients with multiple sites of metastasis or bulky isolated recurrence were
      initially treated with FAC chemotherapy; following complete or partial response
      with chemotherapy, these patients had regional therapy at the known sites of
      metastases. At a median follow-up time of 54 months, 9/20 patients (45%) have
      remained in complete remission. Combined modality approach significantly prolongs
      the disease-free survival of patients with isolated recurrences of breast cancer,
      and in selected patients with multiple metastases, this approach results in
      extended complete remissions.

PMID- 6364780
TI  - Detection of allergic disease in adenoid tissue.
AB  - Allergic adenoiditis is defined as the presence of numerous brightly fluorescent
      IgE mast cells (FIEMC) demonstrated in formalin-fixed adenoid tissue by the
      trypsin-immunofluorescent method. A prospective study of 606 routinely
      accessioned cases seen during a 39-month period revealed 98 positive cases.
      Correlation with clinical and other allergic diagnostic testing revealed a
      sensitivity of 58% and a specificity of 89%. The pathogenetic role of allergy in
      chronic otitis media with effusion appears to be related to an exaggerated
      immediate hypersensitivity response to an allergen and/or infectious agent
      leading to dysfunction of the eustachian tube. The proximity and shared mucosa of
      adenoid tissue and eustachian tube allow the recognition of this inflammatory
      event.

PMID- 6364781
TI  - Pan-leukocyte monoclonal antibody L3B12. Characterization and application to
      research and diagnostic problems.
AB  - In this report, the authors describe a murine anti-human monoclonal antibody,
      L3B12, which defines a pan-leukocyte cell surface antigen of approximately
      180,000 m.w. Extensive screening against a variety of tissues indicates that
      L3B12 is sensitive and specific for leukocytes, related cells of bone marrow
      lineage, and their corresponding neoplasms. Unlike many lymphoid antigens that
      are not detectable following routine fixation and embedding, those recognized by
      L3B12 and related antibodies are variably preserved. L3B12 has proven useful in
      studying the antigen expression of normal leukocytic elements, lymphomas, and
      related disorders, and in enriching or depleting leukocytes from heterogeneous
      cell populations. From a diagnostic standpoint, L3B12 staining of tissue sections
      or cell suspensions is useful for distinguishing large cell lymphomas from
      undifferentiated carcinomas and in distinguishing lymphomas and leukemias from
      other small round cell tumors of childhood.

PMID- 6364782
TI  - A comparison of indirect immunofluorescence and the avidin-biotin-peroxidase
      conjugate technic (ABC) in the performance of the antinuclear antibody test.
AB  - Antinuclear antibody tests were performed on 19 patients using both the indirect
      immunofluorescence procedure (FANA) and the avidin-biotin conjugated
      immunoperoxidase technic (ABC) on HEp-2 cells. Pearson r between the two tests
      was 0.73. Identical patterns were seen in only 53% of cases, due partially to the
      chromogen used and partially to positive staining with the ABC method in the face
      of negative results using the FANA. Reasons are presented to suggest that the ABC
      method is capable of detecting low-level autoantibodies. Because of the
      discrepancies seen, the ABC method is currently not recommended as a substitute
      for the FANA in a clinical setting.

PMID- 6364783
TI  - Clinical evaluation of the Ortho Rubella ELISA Test System.
AB  - The Ortho Rubella ELISA Test System (Ortho Diagnostics Canada Ltd., Toronto,
      Ontario) is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the determination of
      IgG antibodies to rubella virus. Comparison of the Ortho Rubella ELISA with a
      commercial hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) test revealed that the ELISA is well
      suited for routine use as a qualitative screening test for rubella immune status
      or the demonstration of seroconversions. Quantitation of rubella antibodies by
      the Ortho Rubella ELISA, however, requires that ELISA endpoint determination be
      made on serial serum dilutions.

PMID- 6364784
TI  - Drugs, drinking, and adolescence.
AB  - Despite mounting evidence to the contrary, most physicians do not want to believe
      that a drug epidemic involving children from all socioeconomic classes across the
      country is in progress. Prevention efforts are hindered by massive denial at all
      levels--societal, medical, and parental. Reasons for this denial are many; among
      them are misconceptions about the risks of experimentation and effectiveness of
      drug treatment programs, and a tendency to view drug abuse as a moral rather than
      a health problem. The use of alcohol and other drugs is closely related to rising
      mortality in older adolescents, for whom the leading causes of death are
      accidents, suicide, and homicide. The leading causes of disability in this age
      range are chemical dependency and impairments related to accidents. Chemical
      dependency, which has trapped millions of children, is best regarded as a
      progressive, contagious disease that causes serious problems for young people,
      their families, and society. Pediatricians, well skilled in preventive medicine,
      must address more seriously this epidemic killer and disabler of young people
      whose care has been entrusted to them.

PMID- 6364785
TI  - Ketonuria does not exclude hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia.
AB  - We examined the relationship between serum beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB) and plasma
      glucose concentrations and between serum free fatty acid (FFA) and glucose
      concentrations in 34 normal children who fasted for up to 24 hours. The BOHB
      concentration correlated inversely with the glucose concentration, as did the FFA
      concentration. We compared these results with those in six patients with
      hypoglycemia due to hyperinsulinism. In the hyperinsulinemic children,
      hypoglycemia was invariably associated with relative hypoketonemia (glucose
      concentration, less than 40 mg/dL; BOHB concentration, less than 2mM; greater
      than 2 SDs below the mean). The FFA concentrations were also unduly low (greater
      than 2 SDs). However, despite being significantly hypoketonemic when
      hypoglycemic, four of the six hyperinsulinemic patients had ketonuria. Since it
      does not exclude hyperinsulinism, ketonuria may be a potentially misleading
      finding in a hypoglycemic child.

PMID- 6364786
TI  - Alexander O. Gettler (1883-1983). A centennial of his birth.

PMID- 6364787
TI  - Alexander O. Gettler (1883-1968). A reflection.

PMID- 6364788
TI  - Dr. Alexander O. Gettler's documentation of a radiation hazard.
AB  - An example of the forensic scientist's role in the confirmation and subsequent
      eradication of a most lethal occupational hazard is discussed. the active
      participation of Dr. Gettler in the detection of radioactive substances in the
      watch dial industry lead to the removal of this hazard and a healthier work
      place.

PMID- 6364789
TI  - Environmental hazards of interest to the forensic pathologist.
AB  - The hazards associated with occupational exposure to various workplace
      contaminants (lead, silica, etc.) have been known for a number of years. Until
      recently, the potential toxic effects of exposures on the male reproductive
      system had not been appreciated. This article not only discusses recent studies
      in that area, but gives clinical examples of how environmental exposures (water,
      soil, air, and dwellings) can affect various organs in the human body. Awareness
      that these injuries can occur without obvious relationship to these environmental
      exposures may help the forensic pathologist discover previously unsuspected
      hazards.

PMID- 6364790
TI  - Agent Orange. Update.
AB  - Review of the available literature on dioxin over the last several years is
      reported. There has been considerable writing on the subject, but extraction of
      true scientific data from emotionalism and sensationalism remains difficult. We
      must continue to remain alert to potential hazards stemming from this herbicidal
      chemical and await more definitive and conclusive studies than have been
      published to date.

PMID- 6364791
TI  - Reye's syndrome. A review from the forensic viewpoint.
AB  - Reye's syndrome, encephalopathy and fatty change in the liver and other viscera,
      typically occurs suddenly in infants and children recovering from a viral
      illness, particularly influenza or varicella. Its rapid clinical course may
      suggest a drug-related insult and the differential diagnosis includes a variety
      of toxins. There are grounds for suspicion that exogenous substances--including
      aspirin--may be cofactors with recent viral illness in the syndrome's
      pathogenesis. For these reasons, medical examiners may be called upon to rule the
      diagnosis in or out, to assess the possibility of direct toxic injury, or to
      document presence or absence of possible cofactors. With these tasks in mind,
      this review summarizes the diagnostic, pathologic, and laboratory findings of
      Reye's syndrome and considers the roles of viral infection, heritable
      predispositions, and exogenous toxins in its causation. It singles out salicylate
      treatment for special considerations as a possible cofactor, and concludes with a
      suggested approach to the forensic medical investigation of possible cases of
      Reye's syndrome.

PMID- 6364792
TI  - History of environmental pathology.
AB  - Environmental pathology provides the opportunity for the pathologist to enter the
      mainstream of medical diagnosis and treatment through the application of his
      special skills and knowledge to the problems of the patient as created by his
      exposure to the environment.

PMID- 6364793
TI  - A century of forensic teachings research and medicolegal assistance in Iasi
      Romania.

PMID- 6364794
TI  - Cell-wall defective bacteria and Crohn's disease: studies using athymic nude
      mice.
AB  - Indirect immunofluorescence studies were performed to determine whether the
      antigenic recognition by Crohn's disease (CD) sera of lymphoid tissue from nude
      (nu/nu) mice injected with CD filtrate is related to cell wall defective
      pseudomonas-like bacterial revertant forms (CWD-RF). Antisera raised in rabbits
      against two CWD-RF isolates from CD tissues did not stain lymphomas or
      hyperplastic lymph nodes produced by CD filtrates, although these tissues
      demonstrated positive immunofluorescence with CD sera. Pre-absorption of reactive
      CD sera with CWD-RF did not block this immunofluorescence. Formalinized
      suspensions of CWD-RF were injected into 36 nu/nu, 12 nu/+, and 31 conventional
      mice. Thirty other mice were fed suspensions of bacteria. Several nu/nu injected
      with CWD-RF developed lymphoma (n = 2) and plasma cell hyperplasia (n = 5), none
      of which reacted with CD sera. Mice fed bacteria did not show intestinal
      pathology. These studies demonstrate that CWD-RF are not directly related to
      lymphomagenesis in nu/nu induced by CD filtrates and that different CD serum
      antibodies are involved in recognition of CWD-RF and lymphoid tissues from nu/nu
      previously injected with CD filtrates.

PMID- 6364795
TI  - Sonography of the gallbladder in bone marrow transplant patients.
AB  - Nonshadowing opacities in the gallbladder (sludge) occurred in nine of 44 bone
      marrow transplant patients as a nonspecific finding. Sludge occurring within 2 wk
      of bone marrow transplant was transient. Later, sludge accompanied hepatic graft
      versus host disease in seven of 10 patients with this complication of bone marrow
      transplant. During the course of graft versus host disease, disappearance of
      sludge matched clinical improvement. Persistence of sludge in patients with
      hepatic graft versus host disease was associated with a poor prognosis. The
      gallbladder of one patient who underwent cholecystectomy exhibited
      histopathologic findings of graft versus host disease.

PMID- 6364796
TI  - Hyperglucagonemia in hepatic cirrhosis: its relation to hepatocellular
      dysfunction and normalization on recovery.
AB  - Plasma glucagon, insulin and glucose concentrations, and liver function tests
      were determined after an overnight fast in 24 normal subjects and 50 male
      cirrhotic patients. In cirrhotic patients with normal liver profiles, plasma
      glucagon remained within normal limits, irrespective of the presence of
      portasystemic anastomoses either pathological or surgical. Hyperglucagonemia was
      documented in presence of advanced liver dysfunction alone. Significant
      correlations were established between plasma glucagon and several liver function
      tests, i.e., serum bilirubin, albumin/globulin ratio, and prothrombin time.
      Moreover, hyperglucagonemia normalized on recovery from clinical manifestations
      and improvement in liver profile. Plasma insulin was raised primarily in the
      presence of a significant portasystemic shunting and maximum levels were observed
      in patients manifesting advanced liver dysfunction as well. However, no
      correlation was evident between plasma insulin and any of the liver function
      tests. Fasting plasma glucose was not altered in cirrhotic patients. Therefore,
      it is concluded that in hepatic cirrhosis, glucagon secretion by pancreatic alpha
      cell may be dependent on the severity of the hepatocellular damage whereas
      portasystemic shunting may be responsible for hyperinsulinemia which may be
      further exaggerated in presence of advanced liver dysfunction.

PMID- 6364797
TI  - Corrosive substance ingestion: a review.
AB  - Patients who ingest caustic substances continue to pose difficult problems in
      diagnosis and management. Flexible endoscopy and radiological studies have helped
      to delineate the extent of damage caused by corrosives. Management techniques
      have been directed toward avoiding the development of esophageal strictures.
      Although a number of nonsurgical techniques are available, i.e., stenting,
      anticollagen agents, antibiotics, and corticosteroids none has been evaluated in
      well-controlled studies. In the future efforts should be made to evaluate
      adequately these management techniques. Public health efforts should be made to
      educate the public about the dangers of caustic substances so that their threat
      may be diminished.

PMID- 6364798
TI  - Cimetidine disposition in obesity.
AB  - Cimetidine pharmacokinetics were studied in 13 otherwise healthy but obese
      volunteers, having a mean body weight of 113 kg and a mean percentage ideal body
      weight (IBW) of 179%. Sixteen healthy volunteers of normal body habitus (64 kg,
      99% IBW) served as controls. All subjects had normal renal function and no
      laboratory or clinical evidence of hepatic or cardiac dysfunction. After
      administration of 200-300 mg of cimetidine by rapid intravenous injection,
      multiple plasma samples obtained over the next 24 h were analyzed for cimetidine
      concentration by high pressure liquid chromatography. Elimination half-life was
      not different between obese and control subjects (2.23 versus 2.08 h). Apparent
      volume of distribution was also similar between subject groups (120 versus 106),
      as was total metabolic clearance (616 versus 579 ml/min). Using percentage IBW as
      a measure of obesity, no relationship was found between percentage IBW and
      apparent volume of distribution (r = 0.29). Cimetidine similarly distributes into
      IBW in both obese and normal weight subjects, and there is minimal distribution
      of cimetidine into excess body weight over IBW. Furthermore, there is no
      difference in total metabolic clearance or half-life of cimetidine between obese
      and control subjects. Cimetidine dosage in clinical practice should therefore be
      calculated on the basis of IBW, which better reflects lean body mass, instead of
      total body weight, which reflects adipose tissue weight in addition to lean body
      mass.

PMID- 6364799
TI  - A prospective study of relationships between benign gastric ulcer, Candida, and
      medical treatment.
AB  - Results of a multicenter prospective study on the relationships between benign
      gastric ulcer, Candida, and medical treatment is reported. In a group of 66
      patients, mycetes were seen in six cases (9.1%). Candida-contaminated ulcers were
      diagnosed solely by histological examination, with periodic acid-Schiff staining
      being more effective than hematoxylin and eosin staining. All contaminated ulcers
      were healed by treatment either with cimetidine alone, or combined cimetidine
      carbenoxolone, without antimycotics. No cases of Candida-contaminated ulcers were
      seen after 6 wk of treatment. The finding of contamination was more common in
      older patients. Under the conditions of our study, Candida-contamination of
      benign gastric ulcers does not affect the rate of healing, does not need specific
      treatment, and has no particular endoscopic features. Cimetidine or carbenoxolone
      treatment was not associated with persistence of the fungus.

PMID- 6364800
TI  - Evidence for the extinction of plague in Hawaii.
AB  - Plague (infection by Yersinia pestis) was present in Hawaii for the period 1899
      1957 and caused at least 370 fatalities. The first infections came from immigrant
      commensal rats, probably Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus, on ships from the
      Orient. Both species were already established in Hawaii and became the widespread
      local carriers of plague, supplemented by Rattus exulans which had colonized the
      islands in ancient Polynesian times. The flea Xenopsylla vexabilis arrived with
      R. exulans, and its near relative Xenopsylla cheopis accompanied the ship rats.
      Following each introduction to port cities, plague subsided after a few years but
      remained active in rural areas of two islands for nearly 50 years. In Hamakua
      District on Hawaii, the demise of plague was characterized by its repeated
      terminal migrations from persistent foci, a rapid decline in expected numbers of
      infected rats and fleas, and negative serologic evidence from rodent reservoirs
      and mongooses in massive surveys. The simple biotic system--bacterium, three
      rodents, and two fleas--appeared unable to maintain the disease over time.
      Improved sanitation, mechanized agriculture, gradients in rainfall and
      temperature, and the collapse of reservoir and vector populations during drought
      are cited as probable factors in the extinction of plague.

PMID- 6364801
TI  - Autologous marrow transplantation for patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia
      (CML) in blast crisis.
AB  - Even patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in blast crisis were
      treated with chemotherapy, followed by infusion of autologous bone marrow that
      had been collected during the chronic phase of the disease and cryopreserved at 
      198 degrees C. The mean age of the nine females and two males in this study was
      34 years with an average duration of the chronic phase of the disease of 5.5
      years. Seven out of the 11 patients had a splenectomy prior to intensive
      chemotherapy. The median survival of the first four patients who received 6
      thioguanine, cytosine arabinoside, daunorubicin (TAD) chemotherapy was 2.6 weeks
      and no patient reachieved the chronic phase of CML. The second group of seven
      patients received more intensive chemotherapy (MAdHAT), which included melphalan
      30 mg/m2 days 1, 2, and 3; Adriamycin 50 mg/m2 intravenously (iv) day 1,
      hydroxyurea 1500 mg/m2 by mouth for 5-7 days, cytosine arabinoside 100 mg/m2
      continuous infusion for 5-7 days, and VM-26 100 mg/m2 iv on day 3. Six out of
      these seven patients reachieved chronic phase CML after bone marrow reinfusion.
      The median survival was 29.9 weeks for all patients and 33 weeks for the six
      patients who reachieved chronic phase CML. All patients subsequently died of
      recurrent blast crisis. There was no correlation between the time of bone marrow
      storage and the duration of subsequent chronic phase CML. These studies have
      shown that autologous bone marrow transplantation after high-dose chemotherapy
      can result in bone marrow engraftment with reestablishment of chronic phase CML,
      and prolongation of survival.

PMID- 6364802
TI  - Tumor interaction with hemostasis: the rationale for the use of platelet
      inhibitors and anticoagulants in the treatment of cancer.
AB  - Clinical and experimental observations have firmly established the concept of a
      two-way interaction between malignancy and the hemostatic system. On the one
      hand, certain tumors can activate platelets and the coagulation mechanism in
      vivo, on the other, a convincing case has been made for the involvement of
      platelets and fibrin in tumor growth and metastasis. A large number of clinical
      and experimental studies have been conducted in order to test the efficacy of
      platelet inhibitors and anticoagulants as adjuvants in the treatment of cancer.
      Antiplatelet drugs gave variable results, depending on the drug and the tumor
      system tested. Prostaglandin synthetic pathways by both the host and tumor seem
      to be an important determinant in the response to platelet function inhibitors.
      Of the various anticoagulants tested, the coumarin derivatives gave somewhat
      consistent antitumor effect in certain human and experimental cancer. The
      antitumor effect of oral anticoagulants does not appear to be a primary drug
      effect and seems related to their role as vitamin K antagonists. It should be
      emphasized that although the antitumor potential of antithrombotic agents is a
      subject of keen interest at the present, their use in treating human cancer is
      still controversial.

PMID- 6364803
TI  - Preparation and sterilization by filtration of Renacidin irrigation.
AB  - A method for the sterilizing filtration of Renacidin, a urologic irrigating
      solution, was evaluated. Renacidin irrigation was prepared and sterilized by
      microporous membrane filtration. A sterilizing membrane filtration apparatus was
      challenged by inoculating a batch of irrigation solution with Escherichia coli.
      The sterility of both intentionally contaminated and routinely prepared batches
      was evaluated. The stability of the solution was monitored by pH measurement,
      visual examination, maintenance of a vacuum, and absorbance spectrum of a 1:100
      dilution in deionized water over a wavelength range from 400 to 200 nm. The time
      required to prepare three one-liter units was about two hours. No microbial
      growth was detected in any of the samples. The predicted minimum shelf-life at 10
      degrees C was six months. Because the prepared solution contains some unreacted
      citric acid and bicarbonates, storage at room temperature could produce excessive
      pressure inside the container from carbon dioxide gas evolution. Refrigerated
      storage is recommended. This method for the preparation and sterilization of
      Renacidin irrigation is reasonably expedient, economical, and reliable.

PMID- 6364804
TI  - Randomized controlled trial comparing trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and
      trimethoprim for infection prophylaxis in hospitalized granulocytopenic patients.
AB  - The clinical and microbiologic efficacy of trimethoprim alone and
      trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for infection prevention was evaluated in 75
      patients during 92 episodes of granulocytopenia. Ultimately, 60 patients were
      evaluable during 77 episodes of granulocytopenia, 36 episodes in the trimethoprim
      group and 41 episodes in the trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole group. The incidence
      of infection was higher in the trimethoprim group (50 percent) than in the
      trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole group (39 percent), but this did not reach
      statistical significance. Trimethoprim did not appear to be as protective as
      trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole when the granulocyte count was less than 100/mm3.
      In patients receiving trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, aerobic gram-negative
      bacilli cleared from fecal surveillance cultures more often and new aerobic gram
      negative bacilli were acquired less often than in those receiving trimethoprim
      alone (p less than 0.05). More myelosuppression was observed among patients
      receiving trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (p less than 0.001). These observations
      suggest that trimethoprim alone may not be optimal for preventing colonization
      and infection in granulocytopenic patients and that combination with other agents
      may be necessary to increase the spectrum of activity.
      Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole itself may predispose toward an increased risk of
      infection by prolonging myelosuppression.

PMID- 6364805
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of high-dose sustained-action oral isosorbide dinitrate in
      stable angina.
AB  - Hemodynamic effects of sustained-action oral isosorbide dinitrate (40 or 80 mg)
      were studied in 10 patients with stable angina for a period of 16 hours. Control
      hemodynamic parameters monitored for eight hours prior to the administration of
      isosorbide dinitrate showed no significant change. However significant reduction
      in mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, mean
      pulmonary artery pressure, double product (systolic pressure multiplied by heart
      rate), stroke volume index, and stroke work index occurred in the first two hours
      and persisted for 12 hours following the administration of isosorbide dinitrate.
      Heart rate did not change significantly for 12 hours. It can be concluded that
      the hemodynamic effects of sustained-action oral isosorbide dinitrate occur in
      the first two hours and last up to 12 hours. The predominant hemodynamic effect
      appears to be on the myocardial preload. The antianginal effect of the drug could
      be attributed to the reduction of myocardial oxygen demand reflected by a
      decrease in the double product and stroke work. The duration of the hemodynamic
      changes observed in this study indicates that high-dose oral isosorbide dinitrate
      could be administered conveniently two or three times daily.

PMID- 6364806
TI  - Rheumatoid nodules. Review of the spectrum of associated conditions and proposal
      of a new classification, with a report of four seronegative cases.
AB  - The literature relating to prevalence, characteristics, differential diagnosis,
      histologic features, pathogenesis, complications, and prognosis of rheumatoid
      nodules is tabulated and reviewed. The broad spectrum of conditions associated
      with rheumatoid nodules is discussed. A new classification of these clinical
      entities, reflecting disease characteristics and prognosis, is proposed. This
      classification is based on age, association or lack thereof with rheumatoid
      arthritis or rheumatic features, the presence or absence of rheumatoid factors,
      and the location of the rheumatoid nodules. Four cases of rheumatoid nodules in
      patients without rheumatoid factor are presented. Three patients had classic or
      definite rheumatoid arthritis, and one had palindromic rheumatism. In follow-ups
      lasting one to 15 years, significant permanent joint deformities, bony erosions,
      or extra-articular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis have not developed in
      any of the patients. All have experienced significant periods of remission.

PMID- 6364807
TI  - Therapy for acute pelvic inflammatory disease: a critique of recent treatment
      trials.
AB  - Recent approaches to determine optimal antimicrobial treatment for acute pelvic
      inflammatory disease are reviewed. From this review, it is suggested that in
      future studies a randomized study design, with controls for known factors which
      influence prognosis, and a uniform objective scoring system for monitoring
      clinical response be used and long-term evaluation of tubal function be
      performed. Such studies are urgently needed if optimal therapy for pelvic
      inflammatory disease is to be defined.

PMID- 6364808
TI  - Antenatal diagnosis of urinary tract abnormalities: correlation of ultrasound
      appearance with postnatal diagnosis.
AB  - A review was made of the natural history of the urinary tract abnormalities
      diagnosed antenatally in 18 fetuses in order to correlate the ultrasound
      appearance with subsequent postnatal diagnosis and prognosis. Unilateral disease,
      both obstruction and multicystic renal disease, was associated with a good
      prognosis. Bilateral dysplastic kidneys had a very poor prognosis. The antenatal
      ultrasound demonstration of bladder distention and/or hydronephrosis, however,
      does not always signify true obstruction of the urinary tract. This is important
      in view of the recent introduction of in utero interventions to preserve renal
      function and prevent pulmonary hypoplasia.

PMID- 6364809
TI  - Pituitary response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in patients with amenorrhea of
      different etiologies.
AB  - The insulin-induced hypoglycemia test was used to study the hypothalamic
      pituitary function of nine normal control subjects and 49 patients with
      amenorrhea. There were 10 patients with secondary amenorrhea due to hypothalamic
      dysfunction, eight with hypothalamic failure, eight with primary amenorrhea due
      to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, 19 with a prolactin-secreting pituitary
      adenoma, and four with Sheehan's syndrome. After the administration of insulin
      (0.15 unit/kg), a significant increase in plasma levels of prolactin, growth
      hormone, and cortisol occurred in all normal subjects. Of the 10 patients with
      hypothalamic dysfunction, two had a blunted prolactin response, six had an
      abnormal growth hormone response, and all had a normal cortisol response. Of
      those with hypothalamic failure, abnormal responses for prolactin were seen in
      two patients, for growth hormone in four patients, and all had a normal increase
      in cortisol. Five of the eight patients with primary amenorrhea had a blunted
      response for prolactin, six for growth hormone, and there were no abnormalities
      for plasma cortisol. All 19 patients with pituitary adenomas had a blunted
      increase in prolactin, 16 had an abnormal growth hormone response, and two had an
      abnormal cortisol response. Prolactin, growth hormone, and cortisol responses
      were blunted in all patients with Sheehan's syndrome. These results demonstrate
      that the release of growth hormone subsequent to insulin-induced hypoglycemia is
      the most common abnormality seen in women with amenorrhea. The high frequency of
      abnormal release of prolactin indicates that serum prolactin should be measured
      when this test is performed. In addition, patients with prolactin-secreting
      adenomas and those with Sheehan's syndrome should be given an insulin tolerance
      test before treatment is instituted, so that patients with secondary adrenal
      insufficiency can be identified.

PMID- 6364810
TI  - Peritoneal fluid prostaglandins and prostanoids in women with endometriosis,
      chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, and pelvic pain.
AB  - Peritoneal fluid obtained at laparoscopy from 49 women was measured for its
      content of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), 6-keto
      prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-KF), and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) by specific
      radioimmunoassays. In normal women (n = 10), the concentrations of prostaglandins
      in peritoneal fluid were (mean +/- SE): PGE2 = 0.79 +/- 0.26, PGF2 alpha = 0.60
      +/- 0.18, 6-KF = 0.48 +/- 0.19, and TxB2 = 0.23 +/- 0.09 ng/ml; in women with
      endometriosis (n = 16): PGE2 = 1.43 +/- 0.72, PGF2 alpha = 1.52 +/- 0.59, 6-KF =
      3.32 +/- 0.71, and TxB2 = 1.14 +/- 0.69 ng/ml; in women with chronic pelvic
      inflammatory disease and/or obstructed tubes (n = 19): PGE2 = 1.94 +/- 1.04, PGF2
      alpha = 1.20 +/- 0.61, 6-KF = 1.55 +/- 0.40, and TxB2 = 0.64 +/- 0.24 ng/ml; in
      women with pelvic pain without any visible pathologic condition (n = 4): PGE2 =
      1.11 +/- 0.66, PGF2 alpha = 0.73 +/- 0.55, 6-KF = 1.35 +/- 0.35, and TxB2 = 0.39
      +/- 0.17. The mean volumes of peritoneal fluid recovered were 10 to 16 ml and
      were not significantly different between the groups. Except for a significantly
      elevated concentration of 6-KF in the peritoneal fluid of women with
      endometriosis compared to normal women (p = less than 0.02), the prostaglandins
      measured did not differ significantly between the groups of women studied. The
      possible significance of elevated 6-KF in the peritoneal fluid of women with
      endometriosis is discussed.

PMID- 6364811
TI  - The control of bioactive luteinizing hormone secretion in women with polycystic
      ovary syndrome.
AB  - Serum bioactive luteinizing hormone (LH) is elevated in virtually all patients
      with polycystic ovary syndrome, whereas serum immunoreactive LH may not be
      increased. The resultant increase in the bioactive: immunoreactive LH ratio in
      polycystic ovary syndrome leads to the suggestion that a more biologically active
      form of LH may be secreted in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. This study
      was designed to investigate the control of bioactive LH in polycystic ovary
      syndrome. Compared to matched control subjects, seven patients with polycystic
      ovary syndrome had higher levels of serum immunoreactive LH (24 +/- 3 mlU/ml),
      immunoreactive LH: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratios (4.6 +/- 0.6),
      bioactive LH (98 +/- 27 mlU/ml), and bioactive: immunoreactive LH ratios (4.6 +/-
      0.5). Serum testosterone (64 +/- 10 ng/ml), unbound testosterone (16 +/- 3
      mg/dl), and unbound estradiol (49 +/- 5 pg/ml) were also higher. In response to
      150 micrograms of intravenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone, increments of both
      bioactive LH and immunoreactive LH were higher than those in control subjects,
      but the bioactive: immunoreactive LH ratio was unaltered. Although urinary
      homovanillic acid was lower in polycystic ovary syndrome, it did not correlate
      with the bioactive: immunoreactive LH ratio. Similarly, the bioactive:
      immunoreactive LH ratio was not altered by 1 week of L-dopa (500 mg) or after
      another week of L-dopa (400 mg) with carbidopa (100 mg) 1 month later. Although
      baseline unbound estradiol correlated with the delta maximum response of
      bioactive LH after gonadotropin-releasing hormone (r = 0.65, p less than 0.05),
      unbound estradiol did not correlate with the bioactive: immunoreactive LH ratio.
      However, there was a significant positive correlation between the baseline
      bioactive: immunoreactive LH and the increased delta maximum responses of both
      immunoreactive LH (r = 0.55) and bioactive LH (r = 0.58), p less than 0.05. These
      data suggest that, although gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation, dopamine,
      and estrogen may not selectively increase the pituitary secretion of bioactive
      LH, the sensitivity of the pituitary gland itself and the hyperdynamic state of
      gonadotropin secretion in polycystic ovary syndrome may result in the increased
      secretion of bioactive LH.

PMID- 6364812
TI  - Estrogen-induced refractoriness to the pressor effects of infused angiotensin II.
AB  - Estrogen may be important in the hemodynamic changes that develop during
      pregnancy; its role in the development of vascular refractoriness to the pressor
      effects of infused angiotensin II is unknown. We, therefore, examined the pressor
      responses to six doses of angiotensin II (0.115 to 5.73 micrograms/min) in
      unanesthetized, nonpregnant sheep both before and after treatment with either
      high-dose or low-dose 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and constructed dose-response
      curves. Although mean arterial pressure was unchanged after the infusion of E2,
      cardiac output rose 28% and systemic vascular resistance fell 19% (p less than
      0.001). Infused angiotensin II resulted in dose-dependent rises in mean arterial
      pressure before and after E2; however, the pressor response after E2 was
      decreased 30% to 50%. Plasma renin activity rose from 1.15 +/- 0.09 ng/ml X hr to
      2.57 +/- 0.39 and 3.21 +/- 0.61 ng/ml X hr with low-dose and high-dose E2,
      respectively (p less than 0.05). Acutely estrogenized nonpregnant sheep develop
      significant alterations in both the cardiovascular and the renin-angiotensin
      systems in addition to decreased pressor responsiveness to infused angiotensin
      II. Although our findings suggest that estrogen may be important in the
      development of the vascular refractoriness to angiotensin II seen in pregnancy,
      additional studies are needed to clarify the role of each E2-induced change.

PMID- 6364813
TI  - Inhibition of glucose-induced insulin secretion by indomethacin and sodium
      salicylate in the fetal lamb.
AB  - The modulation of fetal insulin secretion by prostaglandins was studied with the
      aid of the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors indomethacin and sodium salicylate
      in 10 chronically catheterized fetal lambs. Glucose-induced fetal insulin
      secretion was inhibited within 60 minutes by preinjection of either indomethacin
      or sodium salicylate in the fetal lambs. In the sodium salicylate experiments a
      significant (p less than 0.01) dose-related response (degree of insulin
      suppression) was noted between doses of 100 to 350 mg/kg of fetal weight. In a
      selected group of sodium salicylate injections prostaglandin levels were found to
      fall to 58% of control by 2 hours after injection. Five neonatal lambs exposed to
      a similar regimen were noted to have an exaggerated insulin response to glucose
      infusion when compared to fetal lambs. However, indomethacin or sodium salicylate
      pretreatment resulted in no suppression of glucose-induced insulin release. This
      finding may be of importance in explaining the observation of an increased
      incidence of fetal growth retardation after long-term exposure to salicylates in
      humans and in animal models.

PMID- 6364815
TI  - Keratoepithelioplasty for the replacement of damaged corneal epithelium.

PMID- 6364814
TI  - Keratoepithelioplasty.
AB  - Keratoepithelioplasty is a new surgical procedure for the treatment of persistent
      epithelial defects in patients without healthy donor tissue in their fellow eyes.
      After a total superficial keratectomy, lenticules of donor cornea covered by
      epithelium are placed at the corneoscleral limbus. The epithelium spreads from
      the lenticules and covers the center of the cornea. In three of four patients
      with persistent defects of long duration, healing was successful and vision
      improved. The three successful procedures were in patients who had had chemical
      injuries. They retained useful visual function without recurrence of epithelial
      healing problems. In the fourth case, it was impossible to determine whether the
      procedure was useful because the patient, who had atopic keratoconjunctivitis,
      required a penetrating keratoplasty two months after the keratoepithelioplasty.

PMID- 6364816
TI  - A method of collecting culture material from corneal ulcers.

PMID- 6364817
TI  - Vertical tarsal buckling as a complication of levator aponeurosis repair for
      acquired blepharoptosis.
AB  - In two patients (a 60-year-old man and a 69-year-old woman) vertical buckling of
      the superior tarsus followed surgery to correct levator aponeurosis disinsertions
      for the management of acquired upper eyelid blepharoptosis. The superior tarsus
      rotated posteriorly and folded on itself because the sutures reattaching the
      levator aponeurosis to the tarsus were placed too low on the anterior tarsal
      plate. This complication can be prevented by placing the tarsal sutures above the
      vertical midpoint of the tarsus. If this complication develops, early correction
      is possible by revising the suture heights and keeping the tarsus flat with a
      symblepharon ring. This led to a satisfactory outcome in one of our cases. Late
      correction of vertical tarsal buckling requires excision of the buckled tarsus
      and repositioning the levator aponeurosis sutures. In one of our patients, an
      entropion developed as a result of insufficient vertical tarsal height that
      caused instability of the upper eyelid. The outcome was otherwise satisfactory.

PMID- 6364818
TI  - Recurrence of the clinical signs of lattice corneal dystrophy (type I) in corneal
      transplants.
AB  - Lattice corneal dystrophy (type I) is characterized by branching stromal lattice
      figures, white subepithelial opacities, and anterior stromal haze. Corneal
      transplantation is often required to restore the vision of patients with lattice
      corneal dystrophy. Our retrospective study of 61 penetrating keratoplasties in 39
      patients with lattice corneal dystrophy found clinical signs of lattice corneal
      dystrophy in 29 transplants (48%) after periods ranging from three to 26 years.
      Subepithelial opacities or anterior stromal haze or both were the most common
      signs of recurrence. Lattice figures appeared in only one graft. Regrafting was
      necessary to restore vision in eight cases (15%) in which primary corneal
      transplantation had been performed for this condition.

PMID- 6364819
TI  - HLA-B12 and HLA-B27 antigens in keratoplasty.

PMID- 6364820
TI  - Crescentic lamellar keratoplasty for pellucid marginal degeneration.

PMID- 6364822
TI  - Phenotypic expression of B-lymphocytes. 2. Immunoglobulin expression of germinal
      center cells.
AB  - With a sensitive and specific immunohistochemical technique, immunoglobulin
      expression was examined in germinal centers with frozen and paraffin-embedded
      tissues. The majority of cells positive for surface immunoglobulin (IgM and IgD)
      were confined to the dark zone of the germinal center, while the cells positive
      for cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (IgM and IgG) were found in the light zone. There
      were considerable numbers of germinal center cells without identifiable
      immunoglobulin. The results, in conjunction with previous in vitro and in vivo B
      cell activation studies, indicate that centroblasts (noncleaved cells) are formed
      during early stages of B-cell differentiation. Centroblasts further mature into
      centrocytes.

PMID- 6364821
TI  - Immunoperoxidase staining of early human melanoma colonies with monoclonal
      antibodies. A new method for in vitro antigenic-morphologic correlation.
AB  - The ability to evaluate antigenic expression within the clonogenic fraction of a
      tumor population has heretofore been limited by the need to grow large numbers of
      cells derived from clonogenic cells prior to immunoassay. This preliminary report
      describes the authors' initial experience with a simplified, efficient technique
      for analyzing antigenic expression among and within early colonies from a human
      solid tumor. Avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase staining of human melanoma colonies
      grown in semisolid medium yielded excellent cell retention, morphologic
      preservation, and antigenic localization. This method appears promising for
      antigenic-morphologic correlations among clonogenic tumor cells and may be useful
      for further studies of human tumor heterogeneity and differentiation.

PMID- 6364823
TI  - Skin calcium-binding protein in squamous metaplasia of human uterine cervix.
AB  - The distribution of skin calcium-binding protein in squamous cell metaplasia of
      human endocervix, in normal human skin, and in ovarian cancer was determined by
      the immunofluorescence technique. A rabbit antiserum specific to rat SCaBP was
      characterized by Ouchterlony immunodiffusion and by immunoprecipitation of 125I
      labeled SCaBP. The specificity of antibody labeling was demonstrated by using
      preimmune rabbit serum and SCaBP antiserum competitively absorbed with purified
      SCaBP. In normal human skin SCaBP was found exclusively in the basal layer cell
      cytoplasm. This protein was not detected in normal columnar epithelium of
      endocervix. Epithelial tissues in the zone of transition between the cylindrical
      epithelium of the endocervical mucosa and the stratified squamous epithelium of
      the exocervix were obtained from 14 patients with a wide variety of squamous cell
      metaplasia. In the early stage of metaplasia SCaBP was detected exclusively in
      the cytoplasm of reserve undifferentiated cells. In the terminal stage of
      metaplasia the SCaBP was present only in the basal cell layer. SCaBP was found in
      several layers of dysplastic tissue, and this distribution appeared to be related
      to the loss of normal maturation of the epithelium. SCaBP was also present in
      squamous cell carcinoma of endocervix especially in the least differentiated
      regions of the tumor. No SCaBP was detected in any ovarian cancer cells. These
      findings are potentially useful as a means of early detection of squamous
      metaplasia and of distinguishing premalignant anaplastic lesions from those that
      are benign and nonproliferative. In addition, the presence of SCaBP in tumors
      derived from metaplastic epithelia and its absence in the ovarian cancer indicate
      that immunohistochemical search for this protein might be of value in tumors in
      which an epidermoid origin is a possibility.

PMID- 6364825
TI  - Secretory products of macrophages and their physiological functions.
AB  - Macrophages secrete a variety of biologically active substances into their local
      milieu, including proteins, lipids, nucleotide metabolites, and oxygen
      metabolites. To date, more than 50 substances secreted by macrophages have been
      reported: enzymes; enzyme inhibitors; plasma proteins such as complement
      components, coagulation factors, and apolipoprotein E; factors that regulate the
      functions of other cells such as interferon, interleukin 1, mitogens, and
      angiogenesis factor; and low molecular weight substances such as reactive
      metabolites of oxygen and derivatives of arachidonic acids. Macrophage-derived
      products are probably important in the local environment, and they are believed
      to be important in the physiological and pathological functions of macrophages in
      inflammation, tissue repair, lipoprotein metabolism, acute phase response, and in
      microbicidal, antiviral, tumoricidal, and immunoregulatory activities; however,
      macrophages may not be the sole source for the secretion of some of these
      products. The secretion of these products is intricately regulated,
      developmentally and environmentally.

PMID- 6364824
TI  - Neuropathology of spiroplasma infection in the rat brain.
AB  - This study was designed to demonstrate the neuropathology of persistent
      spiroplasma infection in the rat brain. GT-48 spiroplasmas were inoculated
      intracranially into a series of suckling Sprague-Dawley rats. Their brains were
      evaluated at specific time intervals by microbiologic assay and by morphologic
      studies including histology, electron microscopy, and immunocytochemistry. The
      spiroplasmas were observed in the tissues by electron microscopy at peak
      infection 14 days after intracranial inoculation. At that time they were seen in
      vacuoles and neuronal processes within the neuropil as filamentous or bleb-like
      forms. A single tight spiral was identified that closely resembled the
      spiroplasma-like inclusions previously reported in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The
      spiroplasmas were shown to spread rapidly throughout the brain tissues presumably
      by intraneuronal transport. In specimens examined at 25 days after intracranial
      inoculation and beyond, organisms were localized to gray matter without
      inflammatory response. The spiroplasmas could not be identified by electron
      microscopy in the rat brain tissue at late stages of infection. This study has
      shown an unusual adaptation of spiroplasma infection to the mammalian host brain
      tissues.

PMID- 6364826
TI  - The application of nuclear magnetic resonance to the study of cellular
      physiology.
AB  - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a form of absorption spectroscopy that can
      noninvasively monitor the intracellular concentration and several kinetic
      properties of numerous organic and inorganic compounds. Utilizing these
      characteristics, investigators have demonstrated that NMR is a useful tool in the
      study of cellular physiology. In this review, the techniques for using NMR to
      study isolated cells are outlined with suggestions for the determination of
      cellular viability within the NMR spectrometer. Whenever feasible, cell
      preparations that are continuously perfused are preferred, because they can be
      constantly fed and controlled. Results of various NMR experiments on isolated
      cells using several nuclides are reviewed to highlight the type of information
      NMR can provide about cellular physiology. Several important differences between
      NMR and chemical extraction data are noted. The reason for these differences is
      probably related to the chemical extraction techniques determining the total
      amount of a compound within the cell in comparison to NMR, which is somewhat more
      specific, theoretically, detecting only the free species within the cytosol.

PMID- 6364827
TI  - Effects of thyroid hormones on adipose tissue development in Sherman and Zucker
      rats.
AB  - It has been reported that mild hyperthyroidism in the young Sherman rat induces
      adipose tissue hyperplasia, concomitant with cell size reduction, and that
      hypothyroidism induces opposite effects. The present experiments were designed to
      study the evolution of cellularity in retroperitoneal and epididymal adipose
      tissue during a long term thyroxine (T4) treatment or in T4-treated rats, after
      the treatment had been stopped. In both cases, hyperplasia was transient with the
      observation that the adipocyte number observed in 3-mo-old control rats was
      reached earlier in T4-treated rats. In hypothyroid rats, hypoplasia was also
      transient, because once the treatment was stopped, the cell number overtook that
      of controls. Zucker rats were also treated with T4, because hypoplasia has been
      observed in young obese (fa/fa) rats and these rats are reported to be
      hypothyroid. T4 treatment increased their adipocyte number up to the level of
      nonobese (Fa/fa) untreated rats, while hypertrophy, although reduced, was
      persistent. In Sherman and Zucker rats, adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase
      activity was decreased by T4 treatment in parallel with and perhaps because of
      adipocyte size reduction. We suggest that hyperplasia induced by thyroid hormones
      results from a precocious differentiation of preadipocytes and does not
      necessarily imply an increased preadipocytes multiplication.

PMID- 6364828
TI  - New perspectives on pancreatic islet glucokinase.
AB  - Control of blood sugar involves the complex interaction of the pancreatic glucose
      sensing beta-cells with the liver, which serves as the primary site of glucose
      disposal after a meal. Glucokinase occupies an important role in controlling
      glucose phosphorylation and metabolism both in the liver and in pancreatic
      islets. In the beta-cells, glucokinase functions as pacemaker of glycolysis at
      physiological glucose levels. It determines the unique characteristics of islet
      hexose usage, that is, the rate, affinity, cooperativity, and anomeric
      discrimination of glucose metabolism. Because glycolysis controls hexose-induced
      insulin release, glucokinase is considered the best-qualified candidate for the
      elusive glucose sensor of beta-cells. A deficiency of glucokinase would disturb
      glucose homeostasis. Decreased islet glucokinase would diminish islet glycolysis
      and would result in a higher set point of beta-cells for glucose-induced insulin
      release. Decreased liver glucokinase would cause less efficient hepatic glucose
      disposal. Human maturity-onset diabetes (type II diabetes) has these
      characteristics. It is thus conceivable that certain forms of type II diabetes
      are due to a glucokinase deficiency.

PMID- 6364829
TI  - Actions of neurohypophysial peptides on pancreatic hormone release.
AB  - The intermittent reports concerning metabolic actions of neurohypophysial
      extracts or hormones encouraged us to study the effect of these substances on the
      function of the endocrine pancreas. A surprisingly small amount of neural lobe
      (NL) extract (0.025 NL eq/ml) stimulated a 425% increase in the release of
      glucagon from islets isolated from the pancreas of the rat. Gel filtration of the
      extract produced an elution profile of glucagon-releasing activity that was
      superimposable on the profiles of oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP).
      Synthetic OT and AVP each elicited a concentration-dependent stimulation of
      glucagon release but failed to influence insulin release in medium 199 containing
      5.6 mM glucose. They were effective at 0.2 ng/ml (+55%, +50%) and produced a
      striking increase (five- to sevenfold) at 20 ng/ml. The response to each peptide
      was greatly diminished in the presence of a higher concentration of glucose (11
      mM). The lysine, desamino-, and 1,6-aminosuberyl analogues of vasopressin,
      vasotocin, and AVP are equipotent peptides, whereas the desglycinamide analogue,
      pressinoic acid, and angiotensin II were inactive. Injection of AVP (1 microgram
      iv) produced a rapid increase in peripheral glucagon (+185% in 5 min). The
      response to injection of OT was less rapid (+105% in 15 min), but in each case
      elevation of insulin was also observed. Our results provide evidence that OT and
      AVP can act directly on the endocrine pancreas and may help explain previous
      reports of metabolic actions of these peptides.

PMID- 6364830
TI  - Pregnancy-induced insulin resistance in the rat: assessment by glucose clamp
      technique.
AB  - To quantify and characterize the insulin resistance during pregnancy in the rat,
      a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp was set up. Dose-response curves for the
      effects of five concentrations of insulin on glucose production, glucose
      utilization, and glucose clearance were performed in age-matched virgin and 19
      day-pregnant rats. Glucose production and glucose utilization were measured by
      using [3-3H]-glucose. Glucose production was totally suppressed at plasma insulin
      concentrations higher than 1,000 microU/ml in the two groups. Insulin
      concentration causing half-maximal suppression of glucose production was about 70
      microU/ml in virgin rats and 250 microU/ml in pregnant rats. Maximal glucose
      utilization was obtained at plasma insulin concentrations of 2,000 microU/ml. In
      pregnant rats maximal increment in glucose utilization was significantly lower (P
      less than 0.01) than in virgin rats. Insulin concentrations causing half-maximal
      stimulation of glucose utilization were 200 microU/ml in virgin rats and 500 in
      pregnant rats. As blood glucose concentration in virgin and pregnant rats was
      clamped at, respectively, 0.97 +/- 0.03 and 0.73 +/- 0.03 mg/ml, glucose
      clearance rates were calculated because this parameter is minimally affected by
      the changes in blood glucose concentrations. A normal maximal increment in
      glucose clearance in response to insulin was restored in pregnant rats but the
      rightward shift of the dose-response curve was maintained. Plasma insulin
      concentrations necessary for half-maximal increment of glucose clearance in the
      two groups were similar to that observed when the results were expressed as
      glucose utilization. Thus, insulin resistance during late pregnancy in the rat is
      characterized by a decreased sensitivity of liver and peripheral tissues to
      insulin.

PMID- 6364831
TI  - Effects of food deprivation and refeeding on total protein and actomyosin
      degradation.
AB  - Total protein and actomyosin degradation rates were determined in perfused rat
      hemicorpus preparations. By simultaneously measuring the release of two
      nonmetabolizable amino acids phenylalanine and N tau-methylhistidine from the
      hemicorpus, the respective rates of total protein and actomyosin degradation
      could be calculated. When rats were deprived of food for 48 h, the rate of total
      protein degradation increased to 148% of the fed controls. If rats were food
      deprived and then refed for 24 h, the degradation rate decreased to only 79% of
      the rate of fed controls. Measurement of N tau-methylhistidine release indicated
      that food deprivation led to a dramatic increase in the rate of actomyosin
      degradation (427% of fed), whereas refeeding decreased the actomyosin degradation
      rate to that of the fed controls. Calculations of the fractional degradation
      rates show that actomyosin breaks down at a much slower rate than the
      nonactomyosin proteins (1.5 vs. 20.8%/day in preparations from fed rats, and 6.2
      vs. 28.2%/day in preparations from food-deprived rats). Therefore, the
      contribution of actomyosin breakdown to total muscle protein breakdown is small
      in the fed state (11%) and increased threefold after food deprivation. The
      addition of insulin to the perfusion medium decreased the rate of total protein
      degradation by 18% in preparations from food-deprived rats with no significant
      effect on actomyosin degradation. Thus, in vitro, insulin's major effect may be
      to decrease the degradation of more rapidly turning over, nonactomyosin proteins.
      Protein degradation, as well as protein synthesis, contributes to the adaptation
      of muscle to starvation and refeeding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6364832
TI  - Modeling glucose disposal in diabetic dogs fed mixed meals.
AB  - We have utilized a previously described mathematical model to study glucose
      disposal in fed, conscious, ambulatory, diabetic dogs. The model was applied to
      estimate the daily disposition of ingested glucose in the periphery, liver, and
      urine following a regular mixed meal containing 130 g of carbohydrate.
      Experimental data was obtained from 11 pancreatectomized animals. Both the portal
      and peripheral routes were used for intravenous insulin infusion and the daily
      profiles of peripheral plasma glucose and insulin concentrations measured. Total
      calories in mixed meals derived from carbohydrates (37%), fat (30%), and protein
      (30%). When judged according to the root-mean-square differences, agreement was
      excellent between model-predicted and experimentally observed glucose as well as
      insulin concentrations. This agreement occurred whether or not, in addition to
      basal insulin, meal insulin was also given. Using the model, we then predicted in
      detail the rates of glucose uptake in peripheral tissue, liver, and kidneys. With
      portally infused insulin resulting in diurnal glycemic normalization, the net
      daily hepatic glucose balance was physiological, being close to zero. Remarkably,
      with peripheral insulin infusions there was an unphysiological net negative
      hepatic glucose balance of 10 g/day.

PMID- 6364833
TI  - Mechanism of renin release in exercising dog.
AB  - Exercise is associated with an increase in plasma renin activity (PRA). The
      purpose of this study was to determine the role of the prostaglandin (PG) and
      adrenergic pathways in the renin release with exercise in the dog. One group of
      animals (n = 4) was exercised under control untreated and indomethacin- and
      meclofenamate- (2 mg/kg) treated conditions. A 155% increase in PRA was not
      influenced by PG inhibition. In a second group (n = 7) PRA was 1.22 +/- 0.32,
      3.29 +/- 1.59, 6.28 +/- 2.85, and 5.30 +/- 2.00 ng ANG I X ml-1 X h-1 at rest and
      during light, moderate, and heavy exercise, respectively. Guanethidine treatment
      (15 mg/kg) decreased mean PRA by 41, 50, 70, and 73% at rest and during the three
      levels of exercise, respectively. In a third group (n = 5) control exercise runs
      were repeated after metoprolol treatment. Selective beta 1-blockade completely
      abolished the increment in PRA observed with exercise. These data demonstrate
      that the elevation of PRA during exercise in the dog is mediated by increased
      sympathetic nerve activity involving beta 1-receptors and that it is not
      dependent on alterations in PG synthesis.

PMID- 6364834
TI  - Renin-angiotensin system in hypophysectomized rats. I. Control of blood pressure.
AB  - The mechanisms whereby the pituitary gland maintains arterial pressure were
      investigated in rats. The arterial pressure in hypophysectomized rats was 30 mmHg
      below normal. Saralasin or captopril caused a further fall of 25 and 30 mmHg,
      respectively, suggesting that the renin-angiotensin system plays a role in blood
      pressure maintenance in hypophysectomized rats. Growth hormone administration to
      hypophysectomized rats increased the arterial pressure, but pretreatment with
      captopril prevented the effect. Plasma renin activity and basal renin secretion
      (in vitro) was normal in hypophysectomized rats despite a twofold greater renal
      renin content. Secretory responsiveness to isoproterenol and calcium omission was
      lower in hypophysectomized rats. It is concluded that the renin-angiotensin
      system plays a role in maintaining arterial blood pressure in hypophysectomized
      rats although the responsiveness of the system may be decreased.

PMID- 6364835
TI  - Vascular effects of arginine vasopressin, angiotensin II, and norepinephrine in
      adrenal insufficiency.
AB  - Plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels were 9.6 pg/ml in the mineralocorticoid
      deficient rats, a value significantly greater than 4.8 pg/ml in the
      glucocorticoid-deficient rats (P less than 0.05), and 1.6 pg/ml in controls (P
      less than 0.001). The AVP antagonist of the vascular effect of AVP, [1(beta
      mercapto-beta, beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid), 2-(O-methyl)tyrosine]
      AVP, [d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP] (5 micrograms/kg), decreased mean arterial pressure
      (MAP) from 76.5 to 71.6 mmHg (P less than 0.01) in mineralocorticoid-deficient
      rats on day 10 but not in glucocorticoid deficient rats on day 14 (113.2-111.6
      mmHg, NS) or in control rats (109.7-110.2 mmHg, NS). Plasma renin activity was
      40.7 ng X ml-1 X h-1 in mineralocorticoid-deficient rats and 7.2 in
      glucocorticoid-deficient rats (P less than 0.001). The angiotensin II antagonist,
      [Sar1-Gly8]angiotensin II (5 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1), decreased MAP from 69.3
      to 53.2 mmHg in mineralocorticoid-deficient rats (P less than 0.001) but not in
      glucocorticoid-deficient rats. Plasma norepinephrine was 1,138 pg/ml in
      mineralocorticoid-deficient rats and 251 pg/ml in glucocorticoid-deficient rats
      (P less than 0.001). The alpha-adrenergic blocker, phenoxybenzamine (3 mg/kg),
      reduced MAP from 82 to 51 mmHg in mineralocorticoid deficient rats (P less than
      0.005), a decrease in MAP greater (P less than 0.05) than that observed in
      glucocorticoid-deficient rats (107.7-84.8 mmHg, P less than 0.02). In addition,
      the AVP antagonist caused a greater and more prolonged reduction in MAP in
      mineralocorticoid-deficient rats after the administration of either the
      angiotensin II antagonist or alpha-blocker. These results indicate that AVP,
      norepinephrine, and angiotensin II are involved in maintaining blood pressure in
      the mineralocorticoid-deficient state.

PMID- 6364836
TI  - Right and left ventricular pressure-volume response to positive end-expiratory
      pressure.
AB  - Cardiovascular effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) at 20 cmH2O
      were examined in six mongrel dogs (11.3-15.0 kg). The dogs were anesthetized
      through a combination of intramuscular Innovar and gaseous anesthesia (60% N2O
      40% O2). For volume measurements, radiodense tantalum screws were placed on the
      endocardial surface of the left and right ventricle. Esophageal and left and
      right ventricular pressures were measured. With the use of this preparation, the
      effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP = 20 cmH2O) on cardiovascular
      function were examined. PEEP caused right ventricular transmural pressures to
      decrease, 3.4 +/- 1.0 to 2.0 +/- 1.0 mmHg end-diastolic (P less than 0.05) and
      29.2 +/- 2.2 to 27.9 + 2.2 mmHg peak systolic; left ventricular transmural
      pressures decreased, 5.9 +/- 1.6 to 1.2 +/- 1.4 mmHg end-diastolic (P less than
      0.05) and 117.2 +/- 8.0 to 76.2 +/- 7.4 mmHg peak systolic (P less than 0.05).
      After volume loading the animal (500 ml dextran), PEEP caused similar changes in
      right and left ventricular pressures. Plots of end-diastolic volume versus
      pressure showed an increase in the apparent diastolic stiffness in both
      ventricles with decreased end-diastolic volume.

PMID- 6364837
TI  - Does vasopressin sustain blood pressure of normally hydrated healthy volunteers?
AB  - The inhibitor of the pressor effect of arginine vasopressin (AVP),
      d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP, at a dose of 5 micrograms/kg iv was shown in four healthy
      volunteers to antagonize the blood pressure, heart rate, and skin blood flow
      response to a lysine vasopressin infusion of 1 mIU X kg-1 X min-1. The inhibition
      lasted for more than 2 h. When the same dose of the vasopressin antagonist was
      administered to 10 healthy normally hydrated volunteers with their renin system
      intact or acutely blocked by 25 mg of captopril po, none of the above parameters
      changed. It is concluded that circulating vasopressin, even in the face of a
      blocked renin-angiotensin system, does not actively contribute to maintenance of
      cardiovascular homeostasis.

PMID- 6364838
TI  - Short photoperiods counteract the effects of ovariectomy on energy balance of
      voles.
AB  - Adult female meadow voles maintained from birth in a long photoperiod (14 h
      light, 10 h darkness; LD 14:10) were ovariectomized or sham-ovariectomized and
      housed subsequently in long or short (LD 10:14) photoperiods for 10 wk. Absolute
      and relative daily food intake, body mass, carcass lipid and water content, and
      lipoprotein lipase activity of white adipose tissue were reduced in voles housed
      in short photoperiods. Ovariectomy resulted in increases in food intake and body
      weight and altered carcass composition in long-day voles, but these changes were
      negated in voles kept in short photoperiods. Responsiveness to short photoperiods
      promotes winter weight loss and subsequent energy intake savings and counteracts
      the body weight increases normally associated with gonadal quiescence and
      diminished hormone secretion.

PMID- 6364839
TI  - Oral glucose is the prime elicitor of preabsorptive insulin secretion.
AB  - Seven sugars, two sugar alcohols, and a nonnutritive sweetener were orally
      administered to naive rats with and without gastric drainage fistulas. Although
      all taste solutions were ingested, only glucose evoked a statistically
      significant elevation of insulin levels. This rise was independent of a rise in
      glycemia. The preeminence of oral glucose as an elicitor of preabsorptive insulin
      secretion is especially striking, considering that glucose is neither the most
      intense (as measured electrophysiologically) nor the most palatable (as measured
      by behavioral preference tests) taste stimulus tested. These results suggest the
      existence of a gustatory and/or gastrointestinal chemoreceptor that is most
      responsive to glucose.

PMID- 6364840
TI  - LH responses to LHRH in perifused pituitary cell culture: sex differences in the
      rat.
AB  - The present experiments were designed to study male and female luteinizing
      hormone (LH) secretory patterns following pulsatile or continuous LH-releasing
      hormone (LHRH) administration using a perifused dispersed rat anterior pituitary
      cell culture system. In male cells, consistent LH responses were elicited by
      hourly LHRH pulses (30 pmol), whereas in the female cells (proestrus or diestrus
      I), a statistically significant (P less than or equal to 0.01) decrease in the LH
      secretion occurred with successive LHRH pulses. Proestrous cells secreted
      significantly (P less than or equal to 0.01) more LH than diestrous cells during
      the first 24 h but not after 48 h in culture. When exposed to a 6-h continuous
      infusion of LHRH (10 nM), male cells released LH in a single phase and female
      cells secreted LH in a biphasic pattern. These data suggest that significant sex
      differences exist in the rat LH secretory pattern elicited by LHRH in vitro.

PMID- 6364841
TI  - Bidirectional alteration of insulin receptor affinity by different forms of
      physical exercise.
AB  - Insulin binding of monocytes and erythrocytes was studied in untrained male
      volunteers after 15 min of exhaustive bicycle exercise (EE) and several days
      later after moderate exercise (ME) for 90 min. Insulin receptor affinity
      decreased after EE in monocytes (26.4% decrease; P less than 0.01) and in
      erythrocytes (10.4%; P less than 0.05) with no change in receptor number. After
      ME, however, binding to monocytes was enhanced by 15.2% (P less than 0.05) due to
      increased receptor affinity. The number of circulating monocytes was markedly
      increased after both forms of exercise, averaging 105% after EE and 57% after ME.
      The bidirectional effect on monocyte insulin binding could be reproduced in vitro
      by incubation of preexercise cells with post-exercise serum: 12.4% (P less than
      0.05) decrease with EE serum and 6.1% (P less than 0.05) increase with ME serum.
      The effect was prevented by overnight dialysis. These results suggest that
      physical exercise not only entails adjustment of serum insulin but also of
      cellular hormone sensitivity, presumably through the mediation of low-molecular
      weight serum components.

PMID- 6364842
TI  - Insulin-mediated potassium uptake is normal in uremic and healthy subjects.
AB  - We examined the ability of physiological hyperinsulinemia to enhance potassium
      and glucose uptake by splanchnic and peripheral tissues in 12 chronically uremic
      subjects by using the euglycemic insulin clamp technique in combination with
      hepatic and femoral venous catheterization. In control subjects, the decline in
      plasma potassium concentration averaged 0.95 +/- 0.05 meq/liter. Splanchnic (67
      +/- 10.3 mu eq/min) and leg (22.2 +/- 1.4 mu eq/min) potassium uptake accounted
      for 43 and 59%, respectively, of the total amount of potassium that was
      translocated from the extracellular to intracellular fluid compartment. In uremic
      individuals, the decline in plasma potassium concentration (0.98 +/- 0.10) was
      similar to controls. Likewise, the mean splanchnic (66.6 +/- 6.1 mu eq/min) and
      leg (22.4 +/- 1.6 mu eq/min) potassium uptakes were similar to controls. These
      results indicate that insulin-mediated potassium uptake is not altered by uremia.
      In contrast, insulin-mediated glucose uptake is markedly impaired. These
      observations suggest that the various actions of insulin can be differentially
      impaired by uremia and that steps distal to the insulin receptor must be
      responsible for the insulin resistance.

PMID- 6364843
TI  - Hyperinsulinemia and in vivo very-low-density lipoprotein-triglyceride kinetics.
AB  - The effect of hyperinsulinemia (2 wk of twice daily NPH insulin) on the kinetics
      of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triglyceride (TG) was studied in rats. To
      avoid profound hypoglycemia the rats were allowed sucrose ad libitum. Two control
      groups were needed: chow only and ad libitum sucrose-supplemented (high-CHO). The
      insulin-treated rats had 15 times higher IRI and 50% lower plasma glucose levels
      than either control group. Their TG production exceeded and their TG
      concentrations were less than those of either control group. This indicated that
      their TG removal was increased even more than their TG production. This increase
      in TG production occurred despite lower plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels,
      suggesting that a greater proportion of TG fatty acids came from a source other
      than FFA. Compared with chow controls, high-CHO controls had the same peripheral
      IRI, a slight increase in TG production, and an increase in TG concentration. The
      differences between the effects of CHO supplementation alone or together with
      injected insulin may relate to the IRI and/or the route of access of insulin
      (peripheral vs. portal). The present studies indicate that hyperinsulinemia,
      either directly or indirectly, accelerates triglyceride turnover.

PMID- 6364844
TI  - Recovery of proximal tubular function from ischemic injury.
AB  - Fluid (sodium) reabsorption, total glucose efflux, and reabsorption of
      angiotensin II and insulin from the proximal convoluted tubule were studied in
      rats by in vivo microperfusion. After 35 min of total renal artery occlusion,
      function was assessed at two intervals, 0-1 h (early recovery, ER) and 2-4 h
      (late recovery, LR). Light and electron microscopic evaluation showed 60-75% loss
      of proximal convoluted tubule brush border membrane in ER and nearly complete
      restoration of brush border in LR. No other structural abnormalities were
      evident. Renal blood flow was unchanged from control during both ER and LR.
      During ER, fluid reabsorption was reduced to 29.8 +/- 5.2%, and total glucose
      efflux, at normal tubule loads, to 73.9 +/- 5.5% of control. However, angiotensin
      II and insulin reabsorption were unchanged. In LR, fluid reabsorption remained
      significantly reduced at 54.3 +/- 8.1% of control. Total glucose efflux from the
      proximal tubule was normal in LR at glucose loads of up to 400 pmol X min-1, but
      was significantly reduced at higher loads. Passive glucose efflux, measured in
      the presence of 10(-4)M phloridzin, was not altered by ischemia. Brief ischemia
      results in significant alterations in proximal tubular reabsorption of sodium and
      glucose, which correlate with a substantial loss of brush border during ER.
      However, despite restoration of cell morphology to normal in LR, transport
      defects for both sodium and glucose persist.

PMID- 6364845
TI  - Effect of renin-angiotensin system on limb circulation in normal subjects.
AB  - It is not known whether the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system
      contributes to the regulation of the limb circulation in normal human beings.
      Accordingly, the effect of the angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitor,
      captopril, on forearm vascular resistance (FVR) and forearm venous volume (FVV)
      was studied in nine normal subjects during states of both sodium loading and
      sodium depletion. All subjects were studied in the supine position and during 60
      degrees head-up tilt. By analysis of variance, the combined intervention of
      sodium depletion and converting-enzyme inhibition was responsible for a decrease
      in both FVR and mean blood pressure (BP). In sodium-depleted subjects, converting
      enzyme inhibition decreased supine mean BP 7.0% and supine FVR 22.8% but did not
      change FVV. Neither the fall in BP nor the fall in FVR, however, was
      significantly augmented by tilting from a supine to upright posture. In sodium
      loaded subjects, captopril did not alter BP, FVR, or FVV in recumbent or upright
      positions. Therefore, the RAA system contributes to the maintenance of blood
      pressure and limb vascular resistance only in sodium-depleted subjects. Limb
      venous capacitance in normal subjects is not regulated by the RAA system.

PMID- 6364846
TI  - Properties and metabolism of the aqueous cytoplasm and its boundaries.
AB  - The nucleoplasm, the interiors of cytoplasmic membrane-bound organelles, and the
      aqueous cytoplasm make up the aqueous compartments of animal cells. The extent to
      which these compartments are concentrated solutions of macromolecules,
      metabolites, ions, and other solutes is a matter of some importance to current
      thinking about cell structure and function. This paper will focus on the aqueous
      cytoplasm. It will show that the composition and metabolic activities of the
      cytosol, obtained by methods of cell disruption and fractionation, bear almost no
      resemblance to those of the aqueous cytoplasm in intact cells. The consequences
      of this to contemporary views on cell structure and function are considered. A
      closely related topic concerns the physical properties of the dominant component
      of these compartments, water: Are these properties the same as those of water in
      aqueous solutions, or are they altered as a result of interaction with cell
      architecture? Available evidence strongly suggests that at least a large fraction
      of the total cell water exhibits properties that markedly differ from those of
      pure water. Selected examples of these studies will be reviewed, and the roles of
      cell water will be discussed, notably as they relate to metabolism and cell
      ultrastructure. Although dimly perceived at present, it appears that living cells
      exhibit an organization far greater than the current teachings of cell biology
      reveal.

PMID- 6364847
TI  - Prostacyclin release following endoperoxide analogue infusion in the intact dog.
AB  - We examined the systemic and coronary hemodynamic responses after infusion of an
      endoperoxide analogue U 46,619 in anesthetized dogs and related the hemodynamic
      effects to the release of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and prostacyclin (PGI2).
      Immediately after U 46,619 infusion, increases in mean arterial and left
      ventricular end-diastolic pressures (LVEDP) occurred, whereas coronary and aortic
      blood flows were unchanged. Calculated vascular resistances in the systemic and
      coronary vascular beds increased significantly. At 3-5 min after infusion, mean
      arterial pressure and LVEDP spontaneously decreased and vascular resistances also
      declined, whereas coronary and aortic blood flows were unchanged. Simultaneously
      measured plasma TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (stable hydrolysis metabolites of TXA2
      and PGI2, respectively) increased in the femoral and coronary arterial blood
      samples in conjunction with the vasoconstrictor effects. At 3-5 min, plasma 6
      keto-PGF1 alpha concentrations showed a further increase, whereas TXB2
      concentrations slightly decreased, suggesting release of PGI2 as a possible
      mechanism of vasodilation. To examine this possibility, nine dogs were treated
      with cyclooxygenase inhibitors (aspirin or indomethacin) and given U 46,619. In
      these animals neither vasoconstrictor nor vasodilator effects were observed.
      Plasma TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentrations also did not increase after U
      46,619. These data show that the vasoconstrictor and platelet aggregatory agent U
      46,619 results in PGI2 release in the dog. Release of PGI2 may be a protective
      and autoregulatory mechanism in the canine systemic and coronary vascular beds.

PMID- 6364848
TI  - Attenuation by prostaglandins of adrenergically induced renal vasoconstriction in
      anesthetized rats.
AB  - We have investigated the role of prostaglandins (PG) in the modulation of
      adrenergic neuroeffector events by examining the effect of PGI2 and PGE2 and
      their precursor, arachidonic acid, on the decrease in renal blood flow elicited
      by renal nerve stimulation or by injected norepinephrine in pentobarbital
      anesthetized rats, with or without pretreatment with the cyclooxygenase
      inhibitor, sodium meclofenamate. Administration of PGI2 or PGE2 (0.4 micrograms X
      kg-1 X min-1) or arachidonic acid (5 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1) into the renal
      artery reduced vascular resistance and inhibited the vasoconstrictor response
      elicited by renal nerve stimulation or by injected norepinephrine. In contrast,
      administration of sodium meclofenamate (10 mg/kg iv + 30 micrograms X kg-1 X min
      1) into the renal artery increased renal vascular resistance and enhanced the
      renal vasoconstrictor response to both adrenergic stimuli. In animals pretreated
      with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, the ability of arachidonic acid, but not that
      of either PGE2 or PGI2, to reduce renal vascular resistance and the
      vasoconstrictor response to either nerve stimulation or injected norepinephrine
      was abolished. These data indicate that one or more prostaglandins, probably PGE2
      or PGI2, formed in the kidney reduce renal vascular tone by their direct action
      on the vascular smooth muscle and by attenuating the influence of adrenergic
      stimuli on renal vasculature.

PMID- 6364849
TI  - Glycogenolytic substances, hepatic and systemic lactate, and food intake in rats.
AB  - Changes in hepatic lactate and glucose and systemic blood lactate produced by
      intraperitoneal injections of epinephrine, isoproterenol, glucagon, and insulin
      showed a high correlation (r = 0.9) with the changes in food intake elicited by
      the same substances. The changes in systemic blood glucose showed no correlation
      with the changes in feeding, which suggests that central glucoreceptors are not
      playing an important role in the observed changes in feeding. The intramuscular
      epinephrine had no significant effect on food intake, in spite of changes in
      systemic and hepatic lactate and glucose similar to those elicited by
      intraperitoneal epinephrine. However, intramuscular epinephrine had no hepatic
      glycogenolytic effect. This suggests that the changes in glucose and lactate
      elicited by intraperitoneal epinephrine result from hepatic glycogenolysis,
      whereas the changes elicited by intramuscular epinephrine result from muscular
      glycogenolysis and inhibition of insulin. Thus hepatic glucose and lactate are
      good predictors of feeding only when they are produced endogenously by hepatic
      glycogenolysis. It was concluded that hepatic lactate cannot be the substance
      sensed by hepatic metabolic receptors. However, due to a possible change in the
      hepatic lactate-to-pyruvate ratio elicited by intraperitoneal epinephrine,
      hepatic pyruvate may still be correlated with feeding during the action of both
      intramuscular and intraperitoneal epinephrine. Therefore the hypothesis that
      pyruvate is the substance monitored by hepatic metabolic receptors should be
      tested.

PMID- 6364850
TI  - Investigation of a waterborne outbreak of giardiasis using serologic testing by
      IFA.

PMID- 6364851
TI  - Factors contributing to the development of cerebral malaria. I. Humoral immune
      responses.
AB  - Humoral immune responses to malaria were studied in 100 patients with cerebral
      malaria of whom 53 had added complications, 108 patients with acute malaria, and
      100 blood donors. The methods employed were indirect hemagglutination (IHA),
      indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),
      and parasite growth inhibition (PGI) tests. Patients with cerebral malaria,
      especially those with complications, had histories of fewer attacks of malaria in
      the previous 5 years than did those with acute malaria, suggesting that the
      cerebral malaria patients were less immune. The combined cerebral malaria group
      (complicated and uncomplicated) did not show defective humoral immune responses,
      since the initial seronegative rate and the mean initial IHA and IFA antibody
      titers were not significantly different from those of acute malaria patients and
      the mean initial ELISA titer was even higher than that of the acute malaria
      group. Reduced humoral responses were found only in complicated cerebral malaria
      patients, as their mean initial IHA titer was lower and their IHA seronegative
      rate was higher than those in acute malaria patients and in the uncomplicated
      cerebral malaria group. The combined cerebral malaria group had greater PGI
      activity than that of acute malaria patients, but this increased activity was
      entirely due to the higher results obtained in the complicated cerebral malaria
      group. The increased PGI activity returned to normal after recovery. An IgG
      preparation from seven of eight of these sera failed to exert the growth
      inhibition effect. Factors other than IgG were therefore responsible for the
      inhibition of parasite growth.

PMID- 6364852
TI  - In vitro inhibition of intracellular growth of Plasmodium falciparum by immune
      sera.
AB  - Beginning at the ring stage, synchronized cultures of Plasmodium falciparum were
      grown in suspension for 22-32 hours. Intracellular growth was assayed by
      measuring cellular uptake and incorporation into protein of 35S-methionine. Low
      concentrations (2%) of serum from immune humans and Aotus monkeys were found to
      inhibit the uptake of the 35S-methionine. The amount of inhibition for a given
      serum was often inversely related to its indirect fluorescent antibody test
      titer. Inhibition occurred during the trophozoite stage and was not obtained with
      a clone lacking the erythrocyte modifications referred to as knobs. Thus, a
      sensitive new assay is described which allows detection of factors in immune
      primate sera which can affect maturation of P. falciparum within the erythrocyte.
      These serum factors are likely to be antibodies which react with antigens
      expressed at the trophozoite stage on the surface of K+-infected erythrocytes.

PMID- 6364853
TI  - Leukocyte accumulation in sparganosis: demonstration of eosinophil and neutrophil
      chemotactic factors from the plerocercoid of Spirometra erinacei in vivo and in
      vitro.
AB  - In order to determine whether the plerocercoid of Spirometra erinacei itself has
      eosinophil and neutrophil chemotactic factors, in vivo and in vitro examinations
      were carried out. We could observe large numbers of eosinophils and neutrophils
      which accumulated at the injection site of normal guinea pig skin following
      intradermal injection of soluble extract of plerocercoids of S. erinacei. At 1
      hour after the injection, neutrophils appeared at the site, and the cell number
      reached its peak at 4 hours. Eosinophils appeared rather later than neutrophils
      (at 2-4 hours), and the number of cells reached its peak at 8 hours after the
      injection. Eosinophil and neutrophil chemotactic activities were also confirmed
      in an in vitro system by using a blind-well chemotaxis chamber with a Millipore
      filter in dose dependent fashion. An eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF) with
      molecular weight of approximately 15,000, and two different neutrophil
      chemotactic factors, one of about same molecular weight as the ECF and the other
      of low molecular weight, were demonstrated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200.
      Furthermore, it was confirmed that those factors were released from parasite by
      the detection of intensive eosinophil and neutrophil chemotactic activities in
      the culture supernatants containing plerocercoids.

PMID- 6364854
TI  - Detection of yellow fever virus in serum by enzyme immunoassay.
AB  - Yellow fever (YF) virus is present in patient's blood during the acute phase of
      illness. Virus isolation and identification provide a potential method of early
      diagnosis, but available techniques are slow and require specialized materials
      and equipment. An alternative approach is direct detection of YF antigen in serum
      by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An antigen-capture
      ELISA was developed, which used anti-YF antibodies, immobilized on a solid phase
      (polystyrene plates), to capture YF virus from serum samples. After addition of
      the virus-containing sample, anti-YF detecting antibody conjugated to alkaline
      phosphatase was added to detect viral antigen. Trials with various capture and
      detecting antibodies in systems employing purified YF 17D virus, led to the
      selection of: 1) two capture antibodies (pooled human serum containing high titer
      YF IgM antibodies and a type-specific YF monoclonal antibody), and 2) a detecting
      antibody conjugate consisting of monoclonal antibody broadly cross-reactive with
      all flaviviruses, purified by affinity chromatography, and conjugated to alkaline
      phosphatase. The limit of sensitivity in tests against purified YF 17D virus
      diluted in buffer or normal human serum was 10(3.0) - 10(3.6) PFU/0.05 ml or
      0.007-0.029 microgram viral protein/0.05 ml. Sera obtained at intervals from
      rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys after infection with a wild YF virus strain were
      tested. The limit of sensitivity of the assay applied to viremic monkey serum was
      similar (approximately 3.5 log10PFU/0.05 ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6364855
TI  - Mosquito cell cultures and specific monoclonal antibodies in surveillance for
      dengue viruses.
AB  - During the fall of 1981, a new method for the routine isolation and
      identification of dengue viruses in Puerto Rico was implemented utilizing C6/36
      cell cultures and serotype specific antidengue monoclonal antibodies. A blind
      comparison of the monoclonal antibody indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT)
      and the complement fixation (CF) test for identification of 89 newly isolated
      dengue viruses of all four serotypes from the Caribbean, Asia and Africa showed
      100% agreement. Although virus isolation rates were slightly lower than with the
      mosquito inoculation technique, use of the C6/36 cell culture system was much
      less time-consuming and allowed the processing of larger numbers of sera.
      Beginning in November 1981, a new virologic surveillance system was begun in
      Puerto Rico. Acute sera from persons with suspected dengue were selected for
      virus isolation attempts on the basis of geographic area of residence on the
      island, day after onset the blood was taken and clinical signs and symptoms.
      These sera were processed for virus isolation in C6/36 cell cultures, and virus
      isolates were identified by the IFAT using the monoclonal antibodies. Using this
      system, 2,702 sera were tested from November 1981 through August 1982. Dengue
      virus was isolated from 518, for an isolation rate of 19.2%. Dengue 1 was the
      predominant virus until December 1981, when dengue 4 became dominant. The
      changing patterns of dengue 1 and 4 distribution by time and geographic location
      on Puerto Rico were followed. This system allows the dengue viruses being
      transmitted in an area to be monitored with a minimal amount of effort and
      provides the early warning capability necessary to predict epidemic dengue.

PMID- 6364856
TI  - Hepatic granuloma due to a nymph of Linguatula serrata in a woman from Michigan:
      a case report and review of the literature.
AB  - There have been seven cases of human infection by nymphs of Linguatula serrata
      reported from the United States. Only three of these, however, are proven to be
      autochthonous. We report a rare case of hepatic granuloma due to a nymph of L.
      serrata in a woman from Michigan. She had never left the continental United
      States.

PMID- 6364857
TI  - Filariasis in Colombia: prevalence of Mansonella ozzardi in the Departamento de
      Meta, Intendencia del Casanare, and Comisaria del Vichada.
AB  - The prevalence and distribution of filarial infections among the inhabitants of
      adjacent regions of the Departamento del Meta, Intendencia del Casanare, and
      Comisaria del Vichada in northeastern Colombia was determined by collection and
      examination of blood samples using the Knott's method. Mansonella ozzardi, the
      only species detected, was found in 2.5% of the samples collected in Meta
      (6/243), in 4.9% from Casanare (12/247) and in 2.5% from Vichada (3/137). All of
      the microfilaria carriers were Indians who had migrated from other parts of
      eastern Colombia, principally from the interior of Meta and Vichada. These
      results indicate that filariases are not endemic in the regions examined, and
      suggest that influx of microfilaria carriers with sufficiently high
      microfilaremia could establish new foci of transmission in areas where
      appropriate vectors are abundant.

PMID- 6364858
TI  - Effects of physical configuration and chemical structure of suture materials on
      bacterial adhesion. A possible link to wound infection.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of physical configuration
      and the chemical nature of suture materials on the preferential adherence of
      bacteria. Ten suture materials of 2-0 (chromic catgut, Dexon, Vicryl, PDS,
      Mersilene, Tycron, Ethibond, Surgilon, Ethilon, and Prolene) were used. The
      bacterial strains tested were Staph. aureus and E. coli. The level of bacterial
      adherence was determined quantitatively by radiolabelled cells and qualitatively
      by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the amount of adhered bacteria
      depended on the type of suture material, the type of bacteria, and the duration
      of contact. In the group of absorbable sutures, the new PDS sutures exhibited the
      smallest affinity toward the adherence of both E. coli and Staph. aureus. Dexon
      sutures had the highest affinity toward these two bacteria. With nonabsorbable
      sutures, the physical configuration of the sutures contributed more to their
      ability to attract bacteria than the surface finish. The bacterial adherence on
      suture materials was also time dependent. Scanning electron microscope
      morphologic observation also indicated that Staph. aureus adhered on the suture
      surface in clusters whereas E. coli tended to adhere individually.

PMID- 6364860
TI  - Divided loop colostomy that does not prolapse.
AB  - A loop colostomy in infants and children is usually temporary, made through a
      small abdominal incision, and frequently prolapses its distal limb within months
      of its construction. Once this prolapse occurs, its permanent reduction is hardly
      ever achieved. On the other hand, the colostomy that is made at the time of a
      major laparotomy and the colostomy whose limbs are brought out through separate
      abdominal wall openings, rarely prolapse. The advantage of the loop colostomy
      over the latter two types is that it is easier to make and easier to close.
      Within the last 3 years, 13 infants and children received a form of loop
      colostomy that way easy to construct, easy to close, and did not prolapse between
      these two procedures. The loop colostomy (right transverse in all instances) was
      brought out through a small right upper quadrant transverse rectus cutting
      incision, and after the fascia was closed on either side of the colon loop, the
      latter was divided with the distal stoma tunnelled under the skin about 2.5 cm to
      the left and sutured to a second skin opening with interrupted 4-0 Dexon sutures.
      The proximal stoma was sutured to the original skin incision in a similar
      fashion. Function of this modified loop colostomy was no different, and neither
      the stomal therapist nor the parents had any trouble caring for this double type
      of colostomy opening. The closure was not any more difficult. Both stomas were
      mobilized through one longer than usual transverse incision, trimmed off, and the
      usual end-to-end colostomy anastomosis was made either extraperitoneal or
      intraperitoneal.

PMID- 6364859
TI  - Colonoscopic decompression for acute pseudoobstruction of the colon (Ogilvie's
      syndrome). Report of 22 cases and review of the literature.
AB  - This report has described a series of 22 patients who underwent colonoscopic
      decompression for acute pseudoobstruction of the colon and summarizes those cases
      previously reported in the literature. Twenty of the 22 patients (91 percent)
      were successfully treated by decompression initially. Fifteen patients (68
      percent) were cured with the initial procedure, and 4 patients (18 percent)
      experienced recurrence. Overall, in 17 patients (77 percent), the
      pseudoobstruction resolved completely with colonoscopic decompression. Three
      patients (14 percent) underwent operation because of cecal dilatation refractory
      to colonoscopic decompression, and in one patient (4.5 percent), the colonic
      dilatation resolved spontaneously after a failed colonoscopy. Complications
      resulted in the death of one patient (4.5 percent). Our data are similar to those
      in the literature and indicate that colonoscopic decompression is a safe and
      efficacious first line of treatment for acute pseudoobstruction of the colon.

PMID- 6364861
TI  - The third kidney transplant.
AB  - To determine the feasibility of third kidney transplantation, the experience at
      the University of Iowa was evaluated. The success of 14 such transplantations was
      dependent on the outcome of both of the previous graft operations. Three
      successful third transplantations with graft survival of 6 years, 3 years, and 1
      year have occurred in recipients with more than 1 year survival of a previous
      kidney. Conversely, graft loss due to rejection developed in all patients who
      experienced graft survival of less than 1 year for both antecedent grafts.
      Moreover, HLA-A and -B matching and level of presensitization were not predictive
      of success in this series. These data suggest that third kidney transplantation
      using conventional immunosuppression may not be appropriate in the subgroup of
      patients who have clearly lost their first two grafts to early rejection.

PMID- 6364863
TI  - [Symptomatology of normal intracranial pressure and intracranial hypertension].

PMID- 6364862
TI  - Stapled esophagogastric anastomosis.
AB  - In a consecutive, nonrandomized series of 92 patients, esophagogastric
      anastomosis was performed with a suture technique in 32 patients and with a
      stapler in 60 patients. Only one anastomotic leak occurred in each group.
      Stricture later formed in three sutured anastomoses and in eight of the stapled
      anastomoses. A review of published reports shows anastomotic leak in 3.5 percent
      of the patients with stapled anastomoses. In patients with sutured anastomoses,
      leak occurred in approximately 10 percent. The improved results with the stapler
      do not alter the necessity for meticulous attention to technical detail.

PMID- 6364864
TI  - [Symptomatology of arterial pressure in acute cerebral stress].

PMID- 6364865
TI  - [The cerebral pulse].

PMID- 6364866
TI  - [Computer information processing and cerebral hemodynamics].

PMID- 6364867
TI  - [Mechanical effects of low-frequency ventilation on cerebral perfusion pressure].

PMID- 6364868
TI  - [Similarities between intraocular and intracranial pressures].

PMID- 6364869
TI  - [Effect of anesthetics on cerebral perfusion pressure].

PMID- 6364870
TI  - [Clinical use of combined contraceptive preparations of Hungarian manufacture].

PMID- 6364871
TI  - [Clinical use of Rigevidon, Ovidon and Postinor].

PMID- 6364872
TI  - [Effect of hormonal contraceptives on cardiovascular function].

PMID- 6364873
TI  - [Ways of preventing late pregnancy toxemias and evaluation of the state of the
      fetus using a computer].

PMID- 6364874
TI  - Histology of linear IgA disease, dermatitis herpetiformis, and bullous
      pemphigoid.
AB  - The histologic appearances of cutaneous biopsy specimens from 30 patients with
      linear IgA disease with a continuous band of IgA along the basement membrane,
      four patients with a linear pattern of granular IgA along the basement membrane,
      26 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis who had IgA in the papillary dermis,
      and 23 patients with bullous pemphigoid who had IgG and/or C3 along the basement
      membrane were compared. Those with linear and granular IgA and dermatitis
      herpetiformis differed from those with bullous pemphigoid in five respects.
      Multiple microabscesses and fibrin at tips of papillae and leukocytoclasis were
      less common in bullous pemphigoid, whereas a dense infiltrate of eosinophils in
      and below bullae and a linear infiltrate of eosinophils along the basement
      membrane were more common in bullous pemphigoid. Also, multilocular bullae and
      acantholysis were more common in dermatitis herpetiformis than in bullous
      pemphigoid. Linear IgA disease differed from dermatitis herpetiformis in two
      respects. Acantholysis and fibrin at the tips of papillae and leukocytoclasis
      were more common in dermatitis herpetiformis. The specimens from patients with
      granular IgA did not differ significantly from those with linear IgA or
      dermatitis herpetiformis. The appearances of biopsy specimens of patch tests with
      potassium iodide taken from 11 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis and linear
      or granular IgA disease were similar to those taken from spontaneous lesions.

PMID- 6364875
TI  - An exemplary instance of faulty scholarship.

PMID- 6364876
TI  - "The Lion's Mane". Concerning the diagnostic acumen of Sherlock Holmes.

PMID- 6364877
TI  - Voltaire on the pox.

PMID- 6364878
TI  - An overview of immune-mediated mucocutaneous diseases in the dog and cat. II.
      Other diseases based on immunologic mechanisms.

PMID- 6364879
TI  - Nifedipine--a calcium channel blocker--in asthmatic patients. Interaction with
      terbutaline.
AB  - Seven asthmatic patients were studied in a single-blind randomized, crossover
      study after oral administration of 20 mg nifedipine or placebo. Four increasing
      doses of i.v. terbutaline were then given with 30 min interval. The study was
      concluded with inhalation of five terbutaline puffs. FEV1 measurements 30 min
      after intake of nifedipine did not show any difference compared to placebo.
      During the terbutaline treatment, however, there was a more pronounced
      bronchodilation after nifedipine than after placebo (P less than 0.05).
      Terbutaline-induced skeletal muscle tremor was similar after nifedipine and
      placebo pretreatments. After nifedipine intake there was a decrease of diastolic
      blood pressure and a reflexogenic tachycardia. Thus, this study showed a small
      potentiation of the beta 2-adrenoceptor mediated bronchodilation, which is of
      importance when treating patients with simultaneous asthma and hypertension or
      angina pectoris.

PMID- 6364880
TI  - Suppression of immediate and late anti-IgE-induced skin reactions by topically
      applied alcohol/onion extract.
AB  - In a double blind study, alcohol/onion extract (5% ethanol) was injected
      simultaneously with 20 IU and 200 IU rabbit anti-human-IgE intradermally in 12
      adult volunteers (6 atopics, 6 non-atopics). Diameters of wheals and flares were
      measured 10 min after and compared with control sites challenged with 20 IU and
      200 IU anti-IgE in a 5% ethanol solution. The skin sites were then treated
      epidermally with 45% alcohol/onion extract and 45% ethanol under occlusion.
      Diameters of late cutaneous reactions were measured hourly. Oedema formation was
      clinically estimated according to an arbitrary scale and skin thickness measured
      with a calliper. In the onion-treated skin sites the wheal areas were
      significantly reduced (20 IU: control: 108 +/- 53 mm2; onion 69 +/- 42 mm2, P
      less than 0.05; 200 IU anti-IgE: control: 152 +/- 25 mm2, onion: 138 +/- 26 mm2,
      P less than 0.02). The oedema formation during the late phase skin reaction was
      markedly depressed (P less than 0.005 at 2 h, P less than 0.01 at 4 and 6 h, P
      less than 0.02 at 8 h). The extent of late skin reactions was slightly, but not
      significantly reduced. Obviously, onions contain pharmacologically active
      substances with anti-inflammatory and/or allergic properties.

PMID- 6364881
TI  - Increased IgG Fc and C3 rosette-forming capacity of granulocytes from patients
      with psoriasis.
AB  - In the present work the proportions of IgG Fc and C3 rosette-forming granulocytes
      were studied in patients with severe psoriasis. The percentages of erythrocyte
      antibody and C3 rosette-forming granulocytes from psoriasis patients were
      significantly higher than those of healthy individuals. Sera from patients with
      psoriasis did not influence the rosette formation by granulocytes from healthy
      persons. The increased IgG Fc and C3 receptor activities of granulocytes in
      psoriasis may account for the hyperactivity of these cells enhancing the
      susceptibility of the polymorphonuclears for at least some naturally occurring
      stimuli.

PMID- 6364882
TI  - Premedication for children with oral trimeprazine and droperidol.
AB  - In 60 children aged 1-9 years, weighing under 33 kg, oral trimeprazine and oral
      trimeprazine plus droperidol were compared as premedicants in a controlled,
      double-blind clinical trial. The addition of droperidol to the trimeprazine syrup
      produces greater uniformity in pre-operative sedation, a low incidence of
      postoperative vomiting, and a reduced requirement for postoperative analgesia.

PMID- 6364883
TI  - Factors associated with survival and eventual cerebral status following cardiac
      arrest.
AB  - Cardiac arrests at two acute hospitals were investigated over a 5-month period.
      The outcome expressed as short-term and long-term survival was correlated with
      diagnosis, age, sex and technical details of the resuscitation. Survivors were
      followed up for 3 months to detect any remaining cerebral deficit. Of 108
      patients who suffered cardiac arrest, 23 (21.3%) survived to be discharged from
      hospital, 58 (53.7%) died immediately and 27 (25%) survived for periods ranging
      from 1 hour to 30 days following cardiac arrest, before eventual death. Evidence
      of cerebral impairment was present initially in three patients (2.7%) at
      discharge from hospital. After 3 months however cerebral impairment was present
      in only one patient (0.9%). Survival was highest in patients suffering
      ventricular fibrillation following myocardial infarction where 16 out of 35 (47%)
      survived. Certain groups of patients were identified where the ultimate survival
      was predictably nil. Although some survived for short periods it was concluded
      that the attempted resuscitation in these patients was inappropriate and
      unjustified.

PMID- 6364884
TI  - Electrophoretic study of bull sperm acrosin.
AB  - The electrophoretic study was carried out on acrosin isozymes in crude acetic
      acid bovine acrosomal material. The separation of isozymes was performed by means
      of cathodic disc electrophoretic system. The four major isozymes were established
      in most of the studied sperm samples. In some cases were found variations in the
      zymographic pattern-increasing or reduction in the number of isozymes.

PMID- 6364885
TI  - Genital tract proteins in the male rabbit: II. Alkaline phosphatase--enzyme
      action and site of synthesis.
AB  - An alkaline phosphatase was isolated from rabbit seminal plasma by ion-exchange
      chromatography, gel-filtration and preparative isoelectric focusing. Enzyme
      inhibition with Na2-EDTA was mostly effectively reverted by means of Mg2+, Zn2+
      and Ca2+ in the incubation medium. The use of a monospecific antiserum against
      the seminal plasma alkaline phosphates permitted to identify through
      immunofluoresceine the ductus epididymis, deferens and its ampullae as the main
      site of synthesis of this protein.

PMID- 6364886
TI  - Double-blind cross over treatment with mesterolone and placebo of subfertile
      oligozoospermic men value of testicular biopsy.
AB  - Fifty-nine carefully selected oligozoospermic men were randomly treated with
      mesterolone (75 mg/day) or placebo to improve fertility. After 6 months the
      medication was changed from mesterolone to placebo or vice versa. Fourteen
      pregnancies occurred, 7 under mesterolone and 7 under placebo. A testicular
      biopsy score was of prognostic value: the men who impregnated their partner had a
      significantly higher mean score than the men who did not fertilize. No other
      significant differences between these two groups of men were observed.
      Mesterolone had no significant influence other than placebo.

PMID- 6364887
TI  - [Therapy of idiopathic oligozoospermia with bromicriptine. Results of a
      prospective controlled study].
AB  - The effect of bromocriptin on semen parameters and endocrine profiles in 25 males
      presenting idiopathic oligozoospermia was evaluated in a prospective controlled
      clinical trial versus 25 patients treated with placebo. Following results were
      obtained: a) Serum concentrations of prolactin decreased significantly during
      bromocriptin treatment while FSH, LH and Testosterone concentration remained
      unchanged. b) Sperm count, motility and morphology were not significantly
      affected by bromocriptin versus placebo. c) Conception rate was not significantly
      different between the treatment and placebo group. From the results of this study
      it can be concluded that bromocriptin is no suitable agent in the treatment of
      idiopathic, normoprolactinemic oligozoospermia.

PMID- 6364889
TI  - A device for applying CPAP to the nonventilated upper lung during one-lung
      ventilation. I.

PMID- 6364888
TI  - Renal effects of enflurane and halothane in patients with abnormal renal
      function.

PMID- 6364890
TI  - A device for applying CPAP to the nonventilated upper lung during one-lung
      ventilation. II.

PMID- 6364891
TI  - Propranolol prior to ECT associated with asystole.

PMID- 6364892
TI  - Lack of effect of cyclandelate in peripheral arterial disease.
AB  - While cyclandelate is widely used in the therapy of peripheral arterial disease,
      objective evidence of its efficacy remains controversial. For this reason, 12
      patients with intermittent claudication (average age of 66.8 years) received both
      cyclandelate 400 mg qid and placebo in a double-blind crossover trial lasting two
      months. During the cyclandelate and placebo periods, the following peripheral
      hemodynamic measurements were obtained using a plethysmograph and treadmill
      claudication testing: mean calf blood flow, vascular resistance and venous
      capacitance; finger and toe blood flow, pulsation amplitude and temperature
      before and after vasodilating maneuvers; arm and leg arterial pulsation
      amplitudes, one and ten minute calf reactive hyperemia reaction; 30 pound/30
      second calf active hyperemia reactions and times of onset of claudication as
      measured on a treadmill. No major significant difference could be demonstrated
      between placebo and cyclandelate on any subjective symptom or any objective
      measurement. It is concluded that cyclandelate 400 mg qid for 4 weeks was of
      little objective value in treating this group of 12 patients with peripheral
      arterial disease and suffering from intermittent claudication.

PMID- 6364893
TI  - The surgical management of transient ischemic attacks.

PMID- 6364894
TI  - Allergenic extracts: a review of their safety and efficacy.

PMID- 6364895
TI  - IgG4: non-IgE mediated atopic disease.
AB  - This review article attempts to define the role of IgG4 in allergic disease.
      Evidence from the literature suggests that IgG4 antibodies may act as sensitizing
      as well as blocking antibodies. The mechanism(s) of the dual properties of this
      immunoglobulin sub-class in this disease is discussed in relation to the various
      immunopharmacologic (target cell) and immunological (lymphocyte) pathways. It is
      clear that availability of IgG4 myelomas and the development of monoclonal
      antibodies to IgG4 is essential for further research in this area. Preliminary
      findings suggest that IgG4 antibodies may be important in certain types of food
      allergic reactions. More work should be done to analyze pediatric populations for
      IgG4-RAST to a variety of food allergens.

PMID- 6364897
TI  - [Automatic reading of microtitration plates: identification of Enterobacteriaceae
      and determination of their minimal inhibitory concentrations].
AB  - The authors evaluate an automatic microplate reader (Auto Reader Dynatech) and
      its application software. 291 strains of Enterobacteria belonging to 28 species
      were identified and 1,856 MIC were determined. The identifications made with the
      MIC 2000 tube were correct in terms of genus and species in 270 strains (92.8%)
      and in terms of genus in 274 strains (94.1%). The automated determination of the
      MIC was in complete agreement with visual reading in 90.6% of cases and with a
      deviation of +/- 1 dilution in 99.6% of cases. The programme was improved by the
      authors. This system is a new approach to automatization in microbiology.

PMID- 6364896
TI  - Safety and efficacy of human IgE pentapeptide.
AB  - The safety, dosage and efficacy of human IgE pentapeptide (HEPP) was evaluated in
      12 patients with IgE-mediated atopic disease. Statistically significant
      differences were observed in allergy symptom scores, allergy medication usage and
      skin test results between the HEPP treatment and placebo control groups. HEPP
      appears to be a safe, new therapeutic modality for the treatment of allergic
      disease.

PMID- 6364898
TI  - [Infectious agents : current concepts and perspectives].
AB  - The authors present a detailed discussion on infectious agents and their
      development in the immediate future and the anti-microbial strategies which need
      to be developed. After describing a series of new diseases and the suspected
      microbial aetiology of little known syndromes, they describe the major lines of
      development of chemotherapy: new products which need to be developed; microbial
      enzyme inhibitors; selective transport. The proper use of the range of drugs
      already available should not be underestimated. Finally, the authors review
      recent developments and the prospects for the future in the immunological field:
      new vaccines or the improvement of existing vaccines and the immense
      possibilities of immunological techniques of identification.

PMID- 6364899
TI  - [Rapid, automatic methods for identifying enterobacteria].
AB  - The biochemical testing of Enterobacteriaceae can be rapidly and automatically
      performed with commercial identification systems. There are three groups of
      identification systems: the kits, the microtiter plates and laboratory apparatus.
      The ratios of agreement between these new systems and the conventional tests are
      equivalent. The two first categories of systems are inexpensive unlike apparatus
      which must be utilized only in important laboratories.

PMID- 6364900
TI  - [Current methods of immunologic diagnosis in parasitology].
AB  - This review of the immunological diagnosis of parasitic diseases defines the
      various indications, the means of collection and preparation, the various levels
      of specificity and the choice of parasitic antigen which should be used for
      immuno-diagnosis. The detection and assay of circulating antibodies relies on the
      techniques of immuno-precipitation (immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis,
      electrosyneresis), indirect agglutination (latex and haemagglutination) or the
      use of labelled compounds (immunofluorescence, enzymo-immunoassay, radio
      immunoassay). Their respective advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The
      detection and assay of circulating antigens involve the use of agglutination
      techniques (mycoses), radio-immunoassay or enzymo-immunoassay (protozooses and
      helminthiases). The authors review the applications of immunological diagnosis
      for the helminthiases (Trichinosis, Toxocarosis, Filariasis, Anguillosis,
      Ascaridiasis, Echinococcosis, Taeniasis and Cysticercosis, Distomatosis and
      Schistosomiasis), the protozoan infections (malaria, Toxoplasmosis, Amebiasis,
      Trypanosomiasis, Leishmaniasis) and the mycoses (Aspergillosis, Candidiasis,
      Cryptococcosis). They also discuss the prospects for the development of
      immunological diagnosis by identification, purification and standardization of
      parasitic antigens and the study of circulating antigens and idiotypic anti
      parasitic antibodies. Finally, they outline the respective responsibilities of
      the biologist and the prescribing doctor for the proper use of immunological
      diagnosis of parasitic diseases.

PMID- 6364901
TI  - [Normal blood ferritin values determined by 6 commercial kits. French Society of
      Clinical Biology].

PMID- 6364902
TI  - Strangulation: a review of ligature, manual, and postural neck compression
      injuries.

PMID- 6364903
TI  - Nonallergic bronchial hyperexcitability in chronic bronchitis.
AB  - The aim of this study was to assess responsiveness to inhaled histamine and
      methacholine using PC20, the concentration causing a 20% fall in forced
      expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) in 28 subjects with chronic bronchitis
      excluding asthma. Eighteen subjects had airway hyperexcitability, as demonstrated
      by a PC20 less than 16 mg/ml. The response to histamine and methacholine was not
      significantly different and the correlation coefficient was 0.75. Baseline airway
      caliber was related to the level of hyperexcitability, as 14 of 14 subjects with
      a FEV1 to forced vital capacity ratio less than 95% pred and/or a forced
      expiratory flow during the middle half of the FVC less than 80% pred, and only 4
      of 10 subjects with normal spirometry, had a PC20 less than 16 mg/ml (x2 = 15.6,
      p less than 0.001). There was no correlation between blood or sputum
      eosinophilia, total IgE levels, or atopy and the level of airway
      hyperexcitability. Spontaneous daily variations of peak expiratory flow rates
      were significantly (t = 2.43, p less than 0.05) more pronounced in subjects with
      PC20 less than 16 mg/ml. We conclude that airway hyperexcitability assessed with
      PC20 is often present in chronic bronchitis and more often so in the presence of
      airway obstruction.

PMID- 6364904
TI  - Comparison of responsiveness to methacholine, histamine, and exercise in
      subgroups of asthmatic children.
AB  - Nonspecific bronchial reactivity, involving inhaled challenges with methacholine
      and histamine and treadmill exercise challenge, were compared in 2 groups of
      steroid-requiring asthmatic children (9 to 15 yr of age) distinguished on the
      basis of marked differences in their typical time course of clinical
      deterioration leading to in-hospital management. Group I patients (n = 8) had
      rapid clinical deterioration (occurring within 8 h from the onset of respiratory
      symptoms), whereas in Group II patients (n = 7), clinical deterioration occurred
      relatively slowly (i.e., exceeding 24 h from the onset of respiratory symptoms).
      Pharmacologic bronchial sensitivity was evaluated as the log dose of the agonist
      producing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PD20 X FEV1) and a 35% fall in specific conductance
      (PD35 X SGaw). Exercise-induced bronchospasm was evaluated in terms of the
      maximal decrease in FEV1 and SGaw after 6 min of steady-state treadmill exercise
      at 85% of the age-predicted maximal heart rate. Group I patients had near normal
      baseline FEV1 and SGaw, whereas in Group II patients, the baseline values of
      these parameters were significantly reduced (p less than 0.02). Group I was more
      sensitive to methacholine than was Group II, providing significantly lower mean
      values of PD20 X FEV1 (p less than 0.003) and PD35 X SGaw (p less than 0.001). On
      the other hand, the 2 groups were not significantly different with respect to
      their bronchial sensitivity to either histamine or exercise challenge. Thus,
      asthmatic children with marked differences in clinical presentation of
      bronchospasm may be further distinguished on the basis of methacholine
      sensitivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6364905
TI  - Experimental murine aspergillosis. Comparison of amphotericin B and a new polyene
      antifungal drug, SCH 28191.
AB  - In a model of experimental murine aspergillosis, efficacy of amphotericin B (AMB)
      desoxycholate was compared with SCH 28191, the D-ornithyl methyl ester derivative
      of amphotericin B (SCH). In vitro studies showed that the Aspergillus isolate was
      equally susceptible to AMB and SCH. Both drugs were equally effective in
      prolonging survival after intravenous challenge with conidia of A. fumigatus.
      This was apparent when treatment was begun 24 h after challenge or delayed until
      mice were moribund; SCH appears to be as equally effective as AMB in treatment of
      murine aspergillosis.

PMID- 6364906
TI  - The effect of subcutaneously administered terbutaline on serum potassium in
      asymptomatic adult asthmatics.
AB  - Several recent reports have linked the administration of beta-adrenergic agents
      to the development of hypokalemia. This led us to study, under controlled
      conditions, the effects of a subcutaneous injection of 0.25 mg terbutaline
      sulfate on serum potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), glucose, and insulin in a group of
      asymptomatic asthmatics. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and forced
      expiratory volume in one second (FEV) were measured as parameters of beta
      adrenergic stimulation. Each of 7 subjects was studied on 2 separate mornings
      after an overnight fast. Measurements were obtained before and at various time
      intervals after 0.25 mg) of terbutaline sulfate or 0.25 ml of a normal saline
      solution (placebo) were injected subcutaneously in a double-blind randomized
      crossover fashion. Terbutaline injection significantly increased HR and FEV and
      lowered diastolic BP for a period in excess of 3 h, indicating a prolonged beta
      stimulatory action of the drug. Significant effects on glucose, K+, and insulin
      were observed as early as 15 min after terbutaline injection; serum glucose and
      insulin increased and remained elevated for at least 2 h. Serum K+ fell
      significantly, reached a peak decline of 14% from the control value at 30 min
      after the injection and remained decreased for a period in excess of after
      subcutaneous terbutaline injection should be interpreted in the light of these
      effects of the drug and that terbutaline should be used with caution in patients
      prone to hypokalemia.

PMID- 6364907
TI  - [The FTA-abs test in the diagnosis of congenital syphilis].
AB  - Present survey has analysed the results obtained from 13 children whose FTA-abs
      (IgG) test proved to be positive. For assessing their anti-Treponemal and
      reaginic antibodies, the RPR, passive hemagglutination (MHA-TP) and FTA-abs
      trials were carried out, the existence of specific IgG and IgM being noticed from
      the latter. Out of the 13 samples subject to our analyses, 7 showed some specific
      IgM antibodies, with the existence of a congenital syphilis being clinically
      assessed from three of them, whereas the remaining 6 samples only showed some IgG
      antibodies. The need for an early diagnosis during the first and third quarters
      of pregnancy is indicated, through a reaginic (RPR o VDRL) trial or a treponemic
      (MHA-TP) one, as well as the assessing of anti-Treponema pallidum antibodies in
      the umbilical cord blood, where a positive luetic serology appears to be the case
      during the period of pregnancy.

PMID- 6364909
TI  - Low-dose chenodiol to prevent gallstone recurrence after dissolution therapy.
AB  - Chenodiol is a safe and effective agent for the medical dissolution of gallstones
      in selected patients; however, after dissolution and cessation of treatment,
      gallstones recur. This study was done to determine the recurrence rate after
      successful medical treatment and cessation of chenodiol therapy; compare the
      efficacy and safety of low-dose chenodiol, as compared to placebo, for
      prophylaxis against recurrence; and identify factors predictive of recurrence. In
      a randomized, double-blind fashion, 53 patients with gallstone dissolution
      received either chenodiol, 375 mg/d, or placebo, for at least 2 years.
      Standardized oral cholecystograms were done at 6 months, 1 year, and then yearly
      thereafter. Routine laboratory testing was done every 6 months. The cumulative
      rate of recurrence (life-table) was 27% in patients followed for up to 3.5 years.
      Chenodiol, 375 mg/d, was ineffective in preventing the recurrence of gallstones.
      No demographic, clinical, roentgenographic, or biochemical characteristics were
      predictive of recurrence.

PMID- 6364908
TI  - Risk factors for nephrotoxicity in patients treated with aminoglycosides.
AB  - Risk factors for nephrotoxicity in patients treated with aminoglycosides were
      determined from the case records of 214 patients in two prospective, randomized
      clinical trials of gentamicin and tobramycin. Nephrotoxicity, defined as a 50% or
      greater fall in calculated creatinine clearance, developed in 30 patients
      (14.1%). Patients with nephrotoxicity had higher initial calculated creatinine
      clearances, were more often women, and were more likely to have liver disease.
      Using stepwise discriminant analysis, these factors were selected with the
      initial 1-hour post-dose aminoglycoside level, patient age, and shock. An
      equation was generated that was accurate in discriminating between patients with
      and without nephrotoxicity when validated in an independent population. Factors
      that did not add significantly to the equation were diabetes, dehydration, serum
      bicarbonate, bacteremia, urinary tract infection, gentamicin or tobramycin use,
      duration of therapy, total aminoglycoside dose, or the use of clindamycin,
      furosemide, or cephalothin.

PMID- 6364911
TI  - Automated erythrocyte exchange in fulminant falciparum malaria.

PMID- 6364910
TI  - Additional chenodiol therapy after partial dissolution of gallstones with two
      years of treatment.
AB  - During the National Cooperative Gallstone Study, therapy with chenodiol, 750 or
      375 mg/d, for 2 years resulted in confirmed, complete gallstone dissolution in
      14% and 5% of patients, respectively, and partial dissolution (greater than 50%)
      in 27% and 18%. The present study was done to determine the frequency with which
      complete dissolution occurs in patients having partial dissolution of gallstones
      who receive additional therapy. Eighty-six of one hundred thirty-eight eligible
      patients continued to receive 750 mg/d (61 patients) or 375 mg/d (25 patients) of
      chenodiol for 1 year. Patients whose oral cholecystogram at the end of the year
      showed further (greater than 50%) dissolution continued to receive chenodiol, (28
      patients at 750 mg/d and 11 patients at 375 mg/d) for a second year (total
      duration of therapy, 4 years). A final oral cholecystogram was taken at the end
      of the fourth year. Complete dissolution occurred in 23% and 16% of patients
      receiving chenodiol, 750 or 375 mg/d, respectively, for an additional 1 or 2
      years.

PMID- 6364913
TI  - The IPPB trial.

PMID- 6364912
TI  - Alcoholism.
AB  - After heart disease and cancer, alcoholism is America's third largest health
      problem; it affects 10 million people, costs $ 60 billion, and is implicated in
      200 000 deaths annually. Alcohol is involved in 50% of deaths by motor vehicle
      and fire, 67% of murders, and 33% of suicides. It contributes to morbidity in
      certain malignancies and to many diseases of the endocrine, cardiovascular,
      hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems. The fetal alcohol syndrome
      occurs in a third of the infants born to women who drink more than 150 g of
      ethanol daily during pregnancy; another third of the infants become mentally
      retarded. The prevalence of alcoholism is lower in elderly than in middle-aged
      persons, but detection is difficult and vulnerability to harm is great in the
      elderly, due to both pharmacokinetic factors and increased tissue sensitivity.
      Alcohol and aging are additive in their harmful effects. Although modern medical
      treatment is helpful, alcoholics are frequently misdiagnosed and mismanaged by
      health professionals. Total abstinence from alcohol should be a primary goal of
      treatment.

PMID- 6364914
TI  - Pentamidine and hypoglycemia.

PMID- 6364915
TI  - [Is surgery of asymptomatic carotid stenosis legitimate?].

PMID- 6364916
TI  - [Apolipoproteins. Structure, function and pathological changes].
AB  - The principal facts known about the main apolipoproteins (A, B, C, E) are
      reviewed. Their structure and role in the metabolism of lipoproteins are
      described. Recent studies have shown structural abnormalities or metabolic
      changes in some apolipoproteins usually leading to hyper or hypo
      lipoproteinaemia. The practical implications of apolipoproteins at the present
      state of our techniques are indicated.

PMID- 6364917
TI  - [Treatment of scleroderma].

PMID- 6364919
TI  - [A president of the Medico-Psychological Society: Prosper Lucas (1808-1885)].

PMID- 6364918
TI  - [Effect of luteoliberin].

PMID- 6364921
TI  - [Favus in Brittany. Historical study apropos of an autochthonous case].

PMID- 6364920
TI  - [Essay on madness and the novel: an author in search of psychiatrists].
AB  - The authors present the psychiatric comment on a French contemporary writer who
      has been a well-known figure. Delinquent she expressed herself by ravings of
      megalomania and persecution.

PMID- 6364922
TI  - [Congenital cutaneous aplasia].

PMID- 6364923
TI  - [Pemphigoid and erythromycin].

PMID- 6364924
TI  - [Role of corticoid-antibiotic combinations in local treatments. Critical study].
AB  - Current literature about steroid antibiotic combinations has been critically
      reviewed. The use of such combinations may be considered in infected steroid
      sensitive dermatosis. Definition of super-infection is however impossible on
      clinical data only. A single study demonstrated the superiority of the
      combination upon the steroid alone in well defined experimental conditions. This
      superiority is not demonstrated beyond 8 days of treatment or in case of
      pretreatment with local antiseptic solutions or baths. Theoretical side effects
      of local antibiotics include, sensitization, selection of antibiotic resistant
      germs, systemic toxicity. They are not troublesome in current practice. However
      adjunctions of an antibiotic can diminish the steroid efficacy when infection is
      not present. The real usefulness of the combination in current practice is still
      to be demonstrated.

PMID- 6364925
TI  - [Bullous pemphigoid with an erythema annulare centrifugum appearance and a
      bullous border].

PMID- 6364926
TI  - [Pemphigoid with recurrence of the centrifugal-development bullous annular
      erythema type].

PMID- 6364927
TI  - [The X chromosome and X-linked genetic dermatosis].

PMID- 6364928
TI  - [Clear cell acanthoma. Ultrastructural and immunohistological study].
AB  - We report a new case of a clear-cell acanthoma with an unusual location (para
      anal), which was studied by electronmicroscopic and immuno-histological methods,
      using monoclonal antibodies. The results of this study showed that: a) the
      inflammatory cellular infiltrate comprised a small number of T
      suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes and a small number of Langerhans cells, b)
      Langerhans cells were present in the affected epidermis in reduced numbers (2.2
      p. 100) when compared to normal epidermis (4-6 p. 100), c) there was a disorder
      of both keratinization and epidermal differentiation as was shown by the abnormal
      reactivity of the tumor to monoclonal antibodies KL1 and BL7, d) human papilloma
      viruses do not seem to be involved in the genesis of the tumour, e) tumoral cells
      did not show (secretory) eccrine differentiation, f) the pemphigus antigen was
      present in the intercellular space of the affected epidermis.

PMID- 6364929
TI  - [Specific binding of insulin to its erythrocyte receptors: application to the
      study of abnormalities of glycoregulation in children].

PMID- 6364930
TI  - The advantages of right atrial injections for intravenous digital subtraction
      angiography.

PMID- 6364931
TI  - Recent advances in digital radiography.

PMID- 6364932
TI  - Specifications and features for the next generation intravenous angiography
      systems at the University of Arizona.

PMID- 6364934
TI  - [Delayed-time processing of angiographic images. Value and perspectives].

PMID- 6364933
TI  - Radiation exposure of the patient in conventional and digital intravenous
      angiography.

PMID- 6364935
TI  - Integration methods in post-process image manipulation in digital fluoroscopy.

PMID- 6364936
TI  - [Results of a preliminary study on digital intravenous angiography in
      intracranial pathology].

PMID- 6364937
TI  - [Digital angiography and neuroradiology. Personal experience apropos of 400
      cases].

PMID- 6364938
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography of neck vessels.

PMID- 6364939
TI  - Intravenous digital subtraction arteriography in the evaluation of peripheral
      vascular disease.

PMID- 6364940
TI  - [Evaluation of vascular surgery by subtraction angiography. Study of 127
      patients].

PMID- 6364941
TI  - [Intra-arterial subtraction angiography in the pretherapeutic evaluation of
      hepatic metastases].

PMID- 6364942
TI  - Angiographic characterization of aortic aneurysms by digital intravenous
      angiography.

PMID- 6364943
TI  - [Comparison of intravenous angiography and conventional arteriography in the
      diagnosis of atheromatous lesions of supra-aortic trunks].

PMID- 6364944
TI  - [Intravenous angiography, Doppler velocimetry and atheromatous lesions in
      cerebrovascular pathology].

PMID- 6364945
TI  - [Results of discolysis with chymopapain. 300 cases].

PMID- 6364946
TI  - [Human pharmacokinetics of molsidomine].
AB  - Molsidomine is well absorbed by the gastro-intestinal tract and is taken up by
      the liver during the first passage. Its bioavailability is 60 per cent. Digestive
      or sublingual absorption is rapid: maximal plasma concentrations are obtained 0.5
      to 1.0 hours after administration. Molsidomine is minimally bound by plasma
      proteins and is distributed in a volume of 1 litre/kg. The excretion is
      essentially extrarenal: less than 2 per cent of the administered dose is excreted
      in the form of unchanged molsidomine. Molsidomine is metabolized in the liver to
      two pharmacologically active metabolites which spontaneously and rapidly
      breakdown into inactive metabolites which are excreted by the kidneys. The plasma
      half-life of molsidomine is 1 to 2 hours: it is not modified in patients with
      renal failure, but it is prolonged in patients with hepatic failure. The kinetics
      are linear and independent of the route of administration and the dose. There is
      a correlation between the plasma concentration and the pharmacological effect:
      the minimal effective concentration is about 5 ng/ml. At the usual dose of 2 mg
      three times a day, there is no accumulation of the drug.

PMID- 6364947
TI  - [Redistribution of the coronary blood flow, functional improvement of the
      ischemic myocardium and reduction of the size of an experimental infarction by
      molsidomine].
AB  - Molsidomine is able to restore a better balance between myocardial oxygen supply
      and demand during myocardial ischaemia, by inducing a prolonged decrease in the
      left ventricular wall pressure, by reducing the venous return to the heart and by
      dilating the large coronary trunks. Molsidomine is also able to redistribute the
      coronary blood towards the deep sub-endocardial layers during a transient or
      permanent coronary occlusion, by complex changes in the metabolic autoregulation,
      by dilatation of the transmural coronary arteries and by reduction of the
      extravascular compression forces. Finally, by inhibiting platelet aggregation and
      by a possible action thromboxane A2/prostacyclin synthesis, molsidomine exerts a
      real anti-thrombotic effect which helps reduce ventricular arrhythmia, improve
      segmental contractility and reduce the size of the post-stenotic infarct.

PMID- 6364948
TI  - [The future of catheterization in acquired heart valve diseases].
AB  - The value of routine catheterization and angiography in the investigation of
      acquired valvular disease is currently under debate. In many cases,
      echocardiography provides enough information, even for pre-operative assessment
      of the heart disease. However, the pre-operative assessment of the valvular
      disease requires an estimation of the severity of the valvular lesion and a study
      of left ventricular performance. In older patients, associated coronary artery
      disease also has to be evaluated. Finally, in patients who have been treated
      surgically, the disorders related to recurrence of their valvular disease or to
      the dysfunction of their valvular prosthesis also have to be identified. Each of
      these aspects has to be considered; this requires a very thorough clinical
      evaluation of the symptoms and signs and a combination of investigations,
      consisting of echocardiography, haemodynamic studies and angiography.

PMID- 6364949
TI  - Adjuvant therapy for colo-rectal cancer.

PMID- 6364950
TI  - Presentation and diagnosis of acute abdominal pain in Finland: a computer aided
      study.
AB  - 326 patients presenting with acute abdominal pain to a hospital in Tampere were
      compared with others in England and Norway, and with a large series of 6097 cases
      collected under the auspices of the World Organization of Gastro-Enterology. The
      distribution of disease in these 326 Finnish patients bore remarkable
      similarities to the distribution in other countries. When subjected to a computer
      aided diagnostic analysis, comparing Finnish patients with UK and world-wide
      data, as regards appendicitis, cholecystitis and nonspecific pain, the computer
      performed roughly as well as the clinicians diagnosing the same cases. It is
      concluded that these diseases therefore have a common presentation in Finland
      with that elsewhere. As regards small bowel obstruction however, the computer
      diagnosed only 22% of cases correctly, (compared with the accuracy of clinical
      diagnosis 73%). This leads us to conclude that this disease presents unusually in
      Scandinavia, and possible reasons are discussed.

PMID- 6364951
TI  - Intravenous indomethacin in the treatment of ureteric colic. A clinical
      multicentre study with pethidine and metamizol as the control preparations.
AB  - The analgesic effects of intravenously administered indomethacin, pethidine and
      metamizol were compared in a series of 169 patients with ureteric colic. Complete
      pain relief was obtained in 59% in the indomethacin group, in 52% in the
      pethidine group and in 44% in the metamizol group. The observed side effects were
      not serious. On the basis of the study results indomethacin can be recommended as
      an alternative drug in the treatment of ureteric colic.

PMID- 6364952
TI  - Serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP): monoclonal enzyme-linked immunoassay
      compared to polyclonal radioimmunoassay.
AB  - A new enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit which utilizes a monoclonal
      antibody against prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) was compared with current
      radioimmunoassay (RIA) methodology which uses a polyclonal antibody. Both assays
      are double antibody immunoassays with the major difference being the method of
      antibody preparation. A study of intrarun precision using control material showed
      an average within run coefficient of variation (CV) percent as 7.0 percent and
      6.9 percent for ELISA and RIA, respectively, while between run CV percent
      averaged 11.1 percent and 11.5 percent, respectively. Thus, precision results
      compare similarly between the two assays. The specificity showed significantly
      different results. Patterns of correlation between the two methods indicate
      differing specificities of the primary antibodies. The values for ELISA were
      greater than RIA for control sera and patient samples when values fell outside
      the reference range; however, RIA values exceeded ELISA values with patient
      samples which fell within the reference ranges as provided by each manufacturer.
      Therefore, there exists a question of specificity of antibody employed in each of
      the two assays. The PAP antigen is prepared from two different sources for each
      kit. The ELISA manufacturer prepares antigen from seminal fluid and RIA
      manufacturer prepares antigen from normal human prostate. The question of
      specificity may be influenced by: (1) source of antigen used in immunizing
      animals and (2) monoclonal versus polyclonal means of producing antibody.

PMID- 6364953
TI  - Immunohistopathology of papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum (Warthin's tumor).
AB  - A retrospective study of various benign salivary gland neoplasms was designed to
      study the frequency distribution and density of immunoglobulins (Igs) located
      within their various tissue compartments. Buffered-formalin fixed, paraffin
      embedded sections of Warthin's tumor, cystadenoma, oncocytoma, autoimmune
      thyroiditis, normal salivary gland, and reactive peripheral lymph node were
      obtained and processed via the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method following
      trypsinization to re-expose antigenic sites. The subepithelial and parafollicular
      zones of Warthin's tumor show an Ig density distribution (IgA greater than or
      equal to IgG) much greater than IgM, but the relative densities in the germinal
      center are (IgG = IgM) much greater than IgA. In contrast, the normal salivary
      gland displays almost exclusively IgA positive cells with only an occasional IgG
      or IgM positive cell. In general, the three salivary gland neoplasms considered
      all display a relatively similar frequency distribution with (IgA greater than or
      equal to IgG) much greater than IgM and much greater densities of all Igs than
      encountered in the normal salivary gland; however, the densities of IgA and IgG
      positive cells are greatest in Warthin's tumor. A similar frequency distribution
      of immunocytes in the parafollicular zone of autoimmune thyroiditis and Warthin's
      tumor is noted with an increased density of all Igs occurring in autoimmune
      thyroiditis. A significant increase in the density of IgA immunocytes is noted in
      the germinal centers of autoimmune thyroiditis. A comparison of Warthin's tumor
      with a reactive peripheral lymph node shows a marked increase in the density and
      frequency of IgA in the parafollicular zone in the former lesion, and significant
      elevations of IgG and IgM in the latter process both in the parafollicular zone
      and in the germinal centers. No data generated by this study support an
      autoimmune etiology of Warthin's tumor. Histopathologically, the oncocytoma
      appears to represent a pathologic entity distinctly different from papillary
      cystadenoma lymphomatosum. Our data tend to support the hypothesis that Warthin's
      tumor arises within ectopic salivary gland elements trapped within paraparotid or
      intraparotid lymph nodes during embryogenesis. The cystadenoma appears to
      represent a similar pathologic process arising in salivary gland elements
      independent of lymphoid tissue.

PMID- 6364954
TI  - Trisomy 6q22 leads to 6qter due to maternal 6;21 translocation. Case report
      review of the literature.
AB  - Partial trisomy for the long arm of chromosome 6, involving 6q22 leads to 6qter,
      was observed in a 2-month-old male infant. The mother was 6q;21p translocation
      carrier. A review of the previously published cases with trisomies of different
      6q segments suggests that the critical segment responsible for the clinically
      recognizable phenotype of 6q trisomy seems to be limited to bands 6q26 and/or
      6q27.

PMID- 6364955
TI  - Intracellular electrolytes and hormonal parameters during weight reduction.
AB  - The mechanisms of the blood pressure lowering effect of weight reduction have not
      yet been fully elucidated. In this study the intracellular electrolyte
      composition and hormonal parameters were monitored in 12 obese subjects during a
      10-day diet with 800 kcal/day. A decrease in intracellular free Na+ (p less than
      0.05) and Mg2+ (p less than 0.01) and in total intracellular K+ (p less than
      0.05) was observed. Furthermore, plasma aldosterone and renin activity (p less
      than 0.05) increased, probably due to a moderate simultaneous salt restriction.
      There was also an increase in plasma PGI2 concentration (p less than 0.05). The
      observed decrease in intracellular free Na+ may be caused by salt restriction.
      The decrease in intracellular K+ and free Mg2+ may be induced by hormonal
      factors, e.g. an altered insulin secretion. Possible causes for the known
      hemodynamic effects of weight reduction are the diminution of intracellular Na+
      and the increase in plasma PGI2.

PMID- 6364956
TI  - Curt Stern, 1902-1981.

PMID- 6364957
TI  - The genetics of stasis and punctuation.

PMID- 6364958
TI  - The molecular genetics of bacteriophage P1.

PMID- 6364959
TI  - Mammalian X-chromosome inactivation.

PMID- 6364960
TI  - Sex-ratio manipulation in relation to insect pest control.

PMID- 6364961
TI  - Mutational specificity in bacteria.

PMID- 6364962
TI  - Cytoplasmic male sterility in maize.

PMID- 6364963
TI  - Orientation behavior of chromosome multiples of interchange (reciprocal
      translocation) heterozygotes.

PMID- 6364964
TI  - Recent developments in the prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases and birth
      defects.

PMID- 6364965
TI  - Orthotopic liver transplantation. The surgical procedure.

PMID- 6364966
TI  - Initiating a transplantation program. Nursing aspects.

PMID- 6364967
TI  - When a transplant team comes to your operating room.

PMID- 6364968
TI  - Protease activities of rumen protozoa.
AB  - Intact, metabolically active rumen protozoa prepared by gravity sedimentation and
      washing in a mineral solution at 10 to 15 degrees C had comparatively low
      proteolytic activity on azocasein and low endogenous proteolytic activity.
      Protozoa washed in 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) at 4 degrees C and
      stored on ice autolysed when they were warmed to 39 degrees C. They also
      exhibited low proteolytic activity on azocasein, but they had a high endogenous
      proteolytic activity with a pH optimum of 5.8. The endogenous proteolytic
      activity was inhibited by cysteine proteinase inhibitors, for example,
      iodoacetate (63.1%) and the aspartic proteinase inhibitor, pepstatin (43.9%).
      Inhibitors specific for serine proteinases and metalloproteinases were without
      effect. The serine and cysteine proteinase inhibitors of microbial origin,
      including antipain, chymostatin, and leupeptin, caused up to 67% inhibition of
      endogenous proteolysis. Hydrolysis of casein by protozoa autolysates was also
      inhibited by cysteine proteinase inhibitors. Some of the inhibitors decreased
      endogenous deamination, in particular, phosphoramidon, which had little
      inhibitory effect on proteolysis. Protozoal and bacterial preparations exhibited
      low hydrolytic activities on synthetic proteinase and carboxypeptidase
      substrates, although the protozoa had 10 to 78 times greater hydrolytic activity
      (per milligram of protein) than bacteria on the synthetic aminopeptidase
      substrates L-leucine-p-nitroanilide, L-leucine-beta-naphthylamide, and L
      leucinamide. The aminopeptidase activity was partially inhibited by bestatin. It
      was concluded that cysteine proteinases and, to a lesser extent, aspartic
      proteinases are primarily responsible for proteolysis in autolysates of rumen
      protozoa. The protozoal autolysates had high aminopeptidase activity; low
      deaminase activity was observed on endogenous amino acids.

PMID- 6364969
TI  - Self-transmissible plasmid in Zymomonas mobilis carrying antibiotic resistance.
AB  - The cryptic plasmid pRUT41 from Zymomonas mobilis was examined for its biological
      properties. This plasmid was found to be conjugally transferred from Z. mobilis
      CP4 to Escherichia coli BM21 and to carry genes for antibiotic resistance
      (gentamicin, kanamycin, and streptomycin). Covalently closed circular plasmid DNA
      was isolated from eight transconjugants of E. coli BM21. These plasmids were
      identical in mobility on agarose gels and exhibited the same restriction patterns
      as the native pRUT41 plasmid isolated from Z. mobilis. The plasmid location of
      the antibiotic resistance genes was further confirmed by transforming E. coli
      BM21 with isolated pRUT41 plasmid from strain CP4 and with plasmids from the
      transconjugants of BM21. Resistance to streptomycin, kanamycin, and gentamicin
      was tightly linked and transferred together in all cases.

PMID- 6364970
TI  - Improved method for detection of glycosidases in bacterial colonies.
AB  - An assay has been developed to detect bacterial glycosidases in colonies grown on
      the surface of agar plates. Advantages of this technique over previously
      described methods include elimination of the need for replica plating, better
      visualization of chromagenic reaction products, and a simple permeabilization
      step to enable better penetration by chromagenic substrates.

PMID- 6364971
TI  - Quantitation of pH- and salt-tolerant subpopulations from Clostridium botulinum.
AB  - Plating efficiencies of Clostridium botulinum 62A spores on media with variable
      pH (7.0 to 5.5) and salt (0, 1, 2, and 3%) levels revealed that only a very small
      subpopulation could give rise to colonies. The relative size of this
      subpopulation decreased by orders of magnitude with decreasing pH and increasing
      salt concentrations. Strong interactions of pH with salt were noted. For example,
      on a medium containing 2% salt at pH 5.5, colonies could be formed from only 1 in
      100,000 spores. Proper monitoring of medium anaerobiosis was critical in
      obtaining reproducible results.

PMID- 6364972
TI  - Proteinases produced by pseudomonads isolated from sheep fleece.
AB  - Fifty-nine pseudomonads isolated from sheep fleece were able to grow on a minimal
      salts medium with glycerol as the sole source of carbon and energy. Many of these
      isolates showed additional growth when collagen-based or wool-based substrates
      were included in the medium. After several days of incubation with these
      substrates, the nature of soluble proteins present in the growth medium was
      investigated by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Up to four major bands
      of protein with proteinase activity and with widely different electrophoretic
      mobilities were detected in the gels; one of the bands appeared as a doublet at
      times. The electrophoretic mobilities of each class of proteinase were similar
      for the different pseudomonads examined, but the proteinase (or combination of
      proteinases) induced depended on the protein substrate and strain or species of
      pseudomonad used.

PMID- 6364973
TI  - Adsorption of Escherichia coli onto insolubilized lauryl pyridinium iodide and
      its bacteriostatic action.
AB  - Insoluble lauryl pyridinium iodide [C12(50)] was synthesized as an antimicrobial
      agent. Escherichia coli cells were not killed by C12(50) but only adsorbed onto
      it. Though cells on C12(50) could not grow in nutrient agar, they possessed the
      ability to develop once they were liberated from C12(50). The adsorption of cells
      onto C12(50) was inhibited by iodide anions released from C12(50) itself. The
      ability of C12(50) to adsorb was decreased by the adsorbed cells, but C12(50)
      could be reactivated by washing with alkaline solutions. It was, therefore,
      suggested that this adsorption was mainly due to the electrostatic interaction
      between cells and C12(50). The adsorption of cells onto C12(50) was confirmed by
      scanning electron microscopy.

PMID- 6364974
TI  - [Vessels of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum of the human brain].
AB  - This study is divided in two parts: a. the cerebral cortical vessels: pial
      arteries and veins at the gyrus surface are described as well as their
      anastomoses. Intracortical arteries and veins are divided into 5 groups according
      to their degree of cortical penetration. A correlation between cytoarchitecture
      and angioarchitecture is established. b. The cerebellar cortical vessels: they
      are compared to the cerebral vessels. The vascularization of Purkinje cells is
      especially described: the Purkinje cells are in close contact with an arterial
      network which is situated parallel to the cortical surface; it is probable that
      the nutrition of the Purkinje cells is obtained through the wall of this parallel
      arterial network.

PMID- 6364975
TI  - [Basement membranes: general aspects, role in odontogenesis].
AB  - Basement membranes are interposed between epithelial and mesenchymal cells and
      surround muscles. This particular extracellular matrix was first considered as a
      static structure, assuming cohesiveness of adjacent tissues. However during the
      last ten years, basement membranes were shown to be continuously renewed and to
      present compositional and structural modifications. During development changing
      basement membranes play important roles during histomorphogenesis and
      cytodifferentiation and are involved in normal and pathological behavior of adult
      tissues.

PMID- 6364976
TI  - On the presence and probable functional role of the nervous terminations located
      within the retractor penis muscle of some mammals.
AB  - The authors have studied the vegetative and sensitive somatic innervation of the
      retractor penis muscle in some domestic animals. This last component is
      constituted by encapsulated receptors classified as Pacini, Pacini-like, Golgi
      Mazzoni's corpuscles and Krause's end bulbs (genital corpuscles). They have also
      emphasized the structural characteristics of the various types of nervous endings
      and their remarkable variability in the investigated animals. Finally, they have
      examined the probable functional role of these mechanicoreceptors.

PMID- 6364977
TI  - [Anterior joints of the thoracic cage].
AB  - The chondro-sternal, interchondral, costo-chondral joints and the upper and lower
      sternal joints were studied in the thorax of 60 children and human adults.
      Chondro-sternal joints occur as frequent symphyses in the 5th, 6th and 7th joints
      or ellipsoid joints which are mainly found in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th joints.
      Diarthrosis frequency increases with age in every joint. An articular space
      appears particularly in the lower part of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th joints; in fewer
      cases a space is found in the upper part of the 5th, 6th and 7th joints. These
      partial spaces disappear with age and are replaced by spaces occupying the whole
      articulation. The first joint is a synchondrosis which does not vary with age.
      Interchondral joints are diarthrodial or trochoid joints from earliest childhood
      and their frequency increases with age. No direct articular contact was observed
      between the 9th and 10th costal cartilages. Costo-chondral joints are
      synarthrosis. The upper sternal joint, which is a synchondrosis in the child, may
      develop into a non-synovial cavity with age, or even turn into synostosis. The
      lower sternal joint is a synchondrosis which develops partially towards
      synostosis.

PMID- 6364978
TI  - On the presence, structure and probable functional role of taste buds located on
      the laryngeal surface of the epiglottis in some domestic animals.
AB  - The authors have performed a systematic investigation on the epiglottis to
      determine the number and topography of taste buds possibly present. These
      chemoreceptors are constantly present in the ruminants studied (goat, cattle),
      while their finding is always negative in the pig, horse and ass and varying in
      the other animal species examined. Taste buds are, in the main, fairly numerous
      and show typical structure in very young kids and calves. On the contrary, in
      adult subjects degenerated taste buds can be found and their number usually
      increases with age. Sometimes such pictures can be observed also in young
      animals. The probable functional role of chemoreceptors located on the laryngeal
      surface of the epiglottis has been examined.

PMID- 6364979
TI  - [Vascularization of the sub-mucosal and mucosal layers of the colon in man].
AB  - The vascularization of the submucosal and mucosal layers of the human colon has
      been studied in 25 cases whose vascular system was injected with gelatinous
      indian ink. The submucosal layer presents a true vascular crossroads for the
      arterial and venous anastomotic networks, which are tributaries of the straight
      vessels. The morphology of these vascular networks is exactly similar. The
      straight arteries and veins form vascular rings all along the colon, and they
      anastomose by means of longitudinal and transverse vessels. Many vessels of the
      muscular and all those of the mucosal layer are tributaries of these vascular
      networks. The vessels of the mucosal layer include the precapillary arteries,
      capillary network of the intestinal glands and postcapillary veins. The latter
      joint and form the mucosal venous trunks, which, in turn, form the mucosal veins,
      which flow into the submucosal venous network.

PMID- 6364980
TI  - [Vascularization of the choroid tela of the 4th ventricle in sheep (Ovis aries)].
AB  - The tela choroidea of the fourth ventricle of the sheep is vascularized
      principally by the caudal cerebellar artery and the dorsal network of the
      medulla. The choroidal branches arising from these arteries supply the capillary
      network of the choroid plexus. The latter drains towards the sigmoid sinus either
      through the dorsal veins of the medulla or by an anastomose with the ventral
      veins. The latter are arched and seem to be metameric. Some choroid veins are
      tributary of the hemispheric cerebellar veins.

PMID- 6364981
TI  - Chemistry of proopiocortin-related peptides in the salmon pituitary.

PMID- 6364982
TI  - Fluid-phase interaction between human plasma fibronectin and gelatin determined
      by fluorescence polarization assay.
AB  - Previous studies of the binding properties of fibronectin (Fn) have utilized
      methods whereby one or the other macromolecule was immobilized on a solid phase.
      In order to examine the interaction between human plasma Fn and gelatin in
      solution, the latter was labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) whose
      fluorescence polarization (P) served as a sensitive indicator of the formation of
      soluble complexes. Changes in P were detectable at Fn concentrations below 10(-9)
      M and continued up to concentrations above 10(-6) M at pH 7.3 and 25 degrees C.
      Fractionation of FITC-gelatin by exclusion chromatography and titration of
      selected fractions revealed a trend towards higher affinity with increasing size.
      A high-molecular-weight fraction comprised of beta and gamma components and a low
      molecular-weight fraction comprised primarily of alpha chains exhibited sigmoidal
      increases in P (apparent positive cooperativity) with 50% saturation near 10(-9)
      and 10(-8) M Fn, respectively. By contrast, a 42-kDa chymotrypsin-generated Fn
      fragment which retains the ability to adhere to gelatin-Sepharose exhibited
      normal (noncooperative) binding to both gelatin fractions with Kd = 7 X 10(-7) M.
      In all cases, the increase in P could be reversed by addition of excess unlabeled
      gelatin or urea. The interaction of FN with FITC-gelatin provides the basis for a
      fast and sensitive determination of Fn levels in plasma and other fluids.
      Interference caused by other proteins such as albumin, which has an affinity for
      the fluorescein moiety, could be minimized by addition of 1.0 M NaCl which had no
      effect on the interaction between Fn and gelatin.

PMID- 6364983
TI  - Insulin-ricin B hybrid molecules: receptor binding and biological activity in a
      minimal-deviation hepatoma cell line.
AB  - Hybrid molecules were produced by covalently coupling the hormone insulin to the
      binding chain B of the plant toxin ricin. Binding of the insulin-ricin B hybrid
      to minimal-deviation hepatoma cells occurred primarily through ricin-specified
      cell-surface carbohydrates (galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine) since 125I-insulin
      ricin B binding to cells could be 90% displaced by 50 mM lactose. [14C]Glucose
      incorporation into glycogen was maximally stimulated approximately 80% by
      insulin, whereas maximum stimulation by insulin-ricin B hybrid was greater than
      100%. Ricin B chain alone was non-stimulating at concentrations tested (10(-9)
      10(-7) M). Furthermore, the stimulation of [14C]glycogen labeling mediated by the
      hybrid was markedly inhibited by 1 mM lactose, while this sugar had no effect on
      the stimulation mediated by native insulin. Additionally, a preparation of ricin
      B shown to actively displace up to 80% of the binding of 125I-hybrid to cells
      also inhibited hybrid-mediated [14C]glycogen production. These results indicate
      that insulin-ricin B hybrid molecules possess toxin-specified binding abilities
      while evoking the insulin-associated cellular response of stimulated
      incorporation of [14C]glucose into glycogen. Such results thus suggest the
      possibility that alternate cell-surface receptors may play a role in conveying
      insulin's intracellular metabolic-control signals.

PMID- 6364984
TI  - Insulin receptors in developing rat liver: acquisition of down regulation in the
      immediate postnatal period.
AB  - Alterations in the high and low affinity insulin receptor concentrations in
      developing rat liver were investigated. The number of high affinity receptors in
      partially purified plasma membranes from fetal rats increased from Days 19
      through 22 of gestation, with no further increase in binding during the postnatal
      period. Fetuses of diabetic rats had approximately three times as many high
      affinity insulin receptors as age-matched fetuses of normal rats; however, by 1
      day after birth the receptor number decreased to the normal level. Neither the
      number of low affinity receptors nor the affinity of insulin binding to high or
      low affinity receptors changed during development or between offspring of normal
      and diabetic rats. These changes in the number of high affinity hepatic insulin
      receptors from prenatal animals did not correlate with the concentration of
      plasma insulin. When suckling pups were rendered diabetic the changes in the
      number of high affinity insulin receptors correlated with alterations in plasma
      insulin concentrations. The number of high affinity sites/microgram DNA in
      hepatocytes from Day 18 fetal rats was not altered when cells were cultured for
      48 h in medium containing 0, 250, or 5000 microU/ml of added insulin. When
      cultured hepatocytes derived from 1-day-old and adult rats were maintained in
      medium with added insulin concentrations of 250 or 5000 microU/ml the number of
      high affinity receptors/microgram DNA decreased as compared to the number of high
      affinity receptors in hepatocytes cultured in medium with no added insulin. This
      decrease in receptor number was accompanied by an increase in the affinity of
      insulin binding to its high affinity receptors. The data show that (i) only the
      high affinity insulin receptor number increases in rat liver during the prenatal
      period, (ii) fetuses of diabetic rats show a greater increase in high affinity
      receptors than do fetuses of normal animals, and (iii) the phenomenon of down
      regulation for high affinity insulin receptors is not observed in fetal rat
      liver, but is acquired in the immediate postnatal period.

PMID- 6364985
TI  - Reversible inactivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae glutathione reductase under
      reducing conditions.
AB  - Glutathione reductase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was rapidly inactivated
      following aerobic incubation with NADPH, NADH, and several other reductants, in a
      time- and temperature-dependent process. The inactivation had already reached 50%
      when the NADPH concentration reached that of the glutathione reductase subunit.
      The inactivation was very marked at pH values below 5.5 and over 7, while only a
      slight activity decrease was noticed at pH values between these two values. After
      elimination of excess NADPH the enzyme remained inactive for at least 4 h. The
      enzyme was protected against redox inactivation by low concentrations of GSSG,
      ferricyanide, GSH, or dithiothreitol, and high concentrations of NAD(P)+;
      oxidized glutathione effectively protected the enzyme at concentrations even
      lower than GSH. The inactive enzyme was efficiently reactivated after incubation
      with GSSG, ferricyanide, GSH, or dithiothreitol, whether NADPH was present or
      not. The reactivation with GSH was rapid even at 0 degree C, whereas the optimum
      temperature for reactivation with GSSG was 30 degrees C. A tentative model for
      the redox interconversion, involving an erroneous intramolecular disulfide
      bridge, is put forward.

PMID- 6364986
TI  - Large scale isolation, purification, and partial characterization of the
      intermediate filament-specific, Ca2+-activated proteinase from porcine kidney and
      Ehrlich ascites tumor cells: a comparative study.
AB  - The Ca2+-activated, neutral thiol proteinase specific for intermediate filament
      subunit proteins was isolated at large scale from the postribosomal supernatant
      of a low-ionic-strength extract of porcine kidney and Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT)
      cells, respectively. The purification procedure encompassed DEAE-Sephacel ion
      exchange chromatography of the material precipitating between 23 and 55%
      (NH4)2SO4 saturation, followed by hydroxylapatite chromatography and activated
      thiol Sepharose 4B covalent chromatography. On the average, 25 mg of 62% pure
      enzyme was obtained from 500 g frozen kidney and 55 mg of 51% pure enzyme from
      500 g EAT cells within a week. Both enzyme preparations were free of Ca2+
      independent proteolytic activities and indistinguishable with respect to their
      physicochemical and functional properties; their catalytic properties were
      indistinguishable from those of enzyme purified to homogeneity on arginine
      methylester Sepharose 4B. Because of this identity, porcine kidney proves to be
      an inexpensive source for the Ca2+-activated proteinase which had previously been
      isolated and purified at small scale from EAT cells (W.J. Nelson and P. Traub,
      (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 5544-5553). Despite a 38% protein contamination, the
      partially purified enzyme from porcine kidney is useful for the in vitro study of
      structure-function relationships of intermediate filaments and their subunit
      proteins. During affinity chromatography of the partially purified proteinase
      from EAT cells on arginine methylester Sepharose 4B, a 100-kDa protein was
      purified which has a high affinity for arginine residues. It also occurs in
      porcine kidney, although at a considerably lower concentration. Its cellular
      localization and function remain to be determined.

PMID- 6364987
TI  - Pyruvate formate-lyase (inactive form) and pyruvate formate-lyase activating
      enzyme of Escherichia coli: isolation and structural properties.
AB  - The catalytically active form (Ea) of pyruvate formate-lyase in Escherichia coli
      cells is generated from an inactive form of the enzyme (Ei) through a post
      translational process that requires a distinct activating enzyme and is linked to
      the cleavage of adenosylmethionine to methionine and 5'-deoxyadenosine. Ei and
      the activating enzyme were purified to homogeneity and structurally
      characterized. Ei has an alpha 2 oligomeric structure (2 X 85 kDa) and contains
      no cofactor. The amino acid composition has been determined. Out of a total of
      six cysteinyl residues per subunit, one shows an unusually fast reaction with
      iodoacetate (k2 = 7 (M-1 s-1) at pH 6.8, 30 degrees C), which is accompanied by
      loss of the activatability of the enzyme. The 1500-fold purified activating
      enzyme is a monomeric protein of 30 kDa. It contains a covalently bound, as yet
      unidentified chromophoric factor which has an optical absorption peak at 388 nm.
      Further studies of the in situ state of pyruvate formate-lyase detected a
      reversible backconversion of the active form Ea into Ei when anaerobic cells
      become nutrient-depleted.

PMID- 6364989
TI  - Immunoassay for bovine serum thymopoietin: discrimination from splenin by
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - A polyclonal rabbit anti-bovine thymopoietin antiserum was used to develop a
      radioimmunoassay and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay for the
      thymic hormone thymopoietin. Both assays showed slightly less sensitivity for the
      closely related splenic hormone splenin (SP) than thymopoietin (TP) and markedly
      less sensitivity for the human as compared with the bovine polypeptides. A number
      of murine monoclonal antibodies specific for bovine thymopoietin were generated;
      they were unreactive with bovine splenin and were also unreactive with human
      thymopoietin and splenin. A sandwich ELISA using these monoclonal anti-TP
      antibodies together with polyclonal rabbit anti-TP was specific for bovine
      thymopoietin and measured 300-500 ng/ml thymopoietin in bovine serum. Similar
      approaches are being pursued to develop an immunoassay for thymopoietin in human
      serum.

PMID- 6364988
TI  - Binding of ligands to the catalytic zinc ion in horse liver alcohol
      dehydrogenase.
AB  - The affinity of nitrogen and sulfur ligands for the catalytic zinc ion in horse
      liver alcohol dehydrogenase has been investigated by their influence on the
      affinity labeling reaction with iodoacetate. All the nitrogen compounds including
      ammonia, a primary and a secondary amine, and heterocycles containing a pyridine
      type nitrogen with the exception of 2,2-dipyridyl were found to activate the
      affinity labeling reaction. Activation results from inner-sphere ligand
      coordination to the catalytic zinc ion. Closely related pyridine compounds gave a
      regular increase in affinity for the enzyme with increasing basicity, as expected
      for coordination to a metal ion. The sulfur compounds penicillamine and
      mercaptoethanol also activated the affinity labeling reaction, but
      dimercaptopropanol bound very tightly as a bidentate inhibited the reaction. The
      anions hydrosulfide, diethyldithiocarbamate, and cyanide coordinated to the
      catalytic zinc ion, whereas azide, thiocyanate, tetrazole, and iodide complexed
      the anion-binding site. The anionic metal ligands increased the rate of
      inactivation of the enzyme with iodoacetamide by binding to the catalytic zinc
      ion, while the binding of iodoacetate to the anion-binding site was prevented.

PMID- 6364990
TI  - The asymmetric orientation of cytochrome b561 in bovine chromaffin granule
      membranes.
AB  - The topological arrangement of cytochrome b561 in the bovine adrenal medullary
      chromaffin granule membrane was investigated by radiolabeling and
      immunoprecipitation techniques using antibody raised against the purified
      cytochrome. The first labeling procedure involved a membrane-permeable amino
      group labeling reagent, ethyl acetimidate, and two membrane-nonpermeable amino
      group labeling reagents, isethionyl acetimidate and trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid.
      The second radiolabeling procedure involved lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination
      of the exposed tyrosines on the membrane-bound proteins. The labeled cytochrome
      b561 was isolated by immunoprecipitating detergent extracts of treated membranes,
      followed by electrophoresis of the precipitated cytochrome in polyacrylamide
      dodecyl sulfate. From the analysis of both labeling techniques, cytochrome b561
      appeared to be a transmembrane protein and a major portion of this protein was
      cytoplasmically exposed.

PMID- 6364991
TI  - [Precancerous lesions of the colon and rectum].
AB  - We discussed significance of various kinds of precancerous lesions of the colon
      and rectum. Colonic adenoma was most important as a histogenetic background of
      colonic carcinoma, as it has been widely accepted. The first malignant
      transformation of adenoma seemed to occur at the relatively superficial layer of
      the central portion of adenoma in many cases. Growth rate of adenoma largely
      depended on cellular atypia. Six of twenty-seven patients with Peutz-Jeghers
      syndrome had advanced carcinoma and/or carcinoma in Peutz-Jeghers polyp. In
      general, malignant transformation in the polyp was higher in frequency in polyps
      more than 3.0 cm in the largest dimension. Significance of precancerous lesions
      in juvenile polyp, hyperplastic polyp, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and
      radiation colitis was briefly presented.

PMID- 6364992
TI  - [Clinical trials of interferon in ophthalmology].
AB  - The clinical trials of interferon in ophthalmology have been carried out mainly
      using a method of topical administration to viral keratoconjunctivitis. Eye
      infections by herpes simplex virus in humans have been shown to be benefited by
      interferon. Topical combination therapy of herpetic keratitis by interferon with
      debridement or other antiviral agents would be more effective. Epidemic
      keratoconjunctivitis have failed to respond favourably to interferon except some
      symptoms.

PMID- 6364993
TI  - [Interferon in skin diseases].
AB  - In the dermatological field, interferon is used in clinical trials for viral skin
      diseases and for malignant skin tumors such as malignant melanoma. In regard to
      viral diseases, clinical trials have shown promising results in viral warts,
      herpes simplex and herpes zoster. In the double-blind trial, patients with
      bilateral common warts of the extremities were treated at weekly intervals with
      intralesional injections of either human fibroblast interferon or placebo. More
      than 81% of the interferon-treated extremities were either cured by or responded
      effectively to the therapy, while only 17% of the placebo responded. Although our
      data has confirmed that interferon is effective in the treatment of common warts
      diseases, the method of application and repeated injections indicate that this
      therapy may not be helpful in routine cases but only in selected patients in whom
      other therapy has failed. However, development of new delivery systems or
      modification of dosages may increase the value of interferon therapy for warts
      disease. Interferon seems also effective for herpes zoster. But herpes zoster
      usually regresses spontaneously within three weeks, therefore, it is not easy to
      define efficacy of interferon in this disease. Therefore, we need to examine the
      effect of interferon on herpes zoster both in placebo controlled and double-blind
      trials involving patients with immunocompromised diseases.

PMID- 6364994
TI  - 1% sulconazole cream v 2% miconazole cream in the treatment of tinea versicolor.
      A double-blind, multicenter study.
AB  - Sulconazole nitrate, a new imidazole derivative, was formulated at 1%
      concentration in a cream vehicle and compared with 2% miconazole nitrate cream in
      the treatment of tinea versicolor in a double-blind, multicenter, randomized,
      parallel clinical trial. At baseline, all of the 192 patients enrolled had a
      positive potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation; itching was reported by 48% of
      the patients. The medications were applied twice daily for three weeks. Of 181
      patients analyzed for efficacy at the end of the treatment trial, 93% of
      sulconazole-treated patients and 87% of miconazole-treated patients had become
      KOH negative. The complete clearing of tinea versicolor lesions occurred in 89%
      of sulconazole-treated patients and 82% of miconazole-treated patients. Both
      drugs were well tolerated with no systemic reactions reported. Drug-related
      adverse cutaneous reactions, predominantly transient itching, were reported in
      eight patients receiving sulconazole and in four patients receiving miconazole.

PMID- 6364996
TI  - [Primary cutaneous histiocytosarcoma. Incidence, characterization, outcome.
      Apropos of a case].

PMID- 6364995
TI  - Ovarian cancer. Geographical, host and environmental factors. An overview.
AB  - The incidence of ovarian cancer is reviewed among different races and ethnic
      groups. We present the effect of socio-economic class, age, endocrinological
      factors, menstrual cycle, reproductive history, familial, and genetic factors,
      viral infections, chemical carcinogens, and previous exposure to radiation on the
      incidence of ovarian cancer. There is evidence that environmental factor affects
      the distribution of various types of ovarian cancer. Migration may also change
      the susceptibility to this disease and the mean age was varied between countries
      being lowest where incidence was highest. The disease appeared to have a familial
      incidence. The protective effect of oral contraceptive steroids and the role of
      asbestos as a chemical carcinogen are discussed.

PMID- 6364997
TI  - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in osteoarthrosis: a therapeutic
      alternative?
AB  - Thirty patients with chronic pain due to osteoarthrosis (OA) of the knee were
      enrolled in a randomised double-blind cross-over trial of self-administered
      transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and placebo TENS. Medication
      was standardised to paracetamol tablets only. As measured on visual analogue
      scales for pain relief 46% of patients responded to active therapy and 43% to
      placebo. The length of pain relief during active therapy was significantly longer
      than that during placebo. At the end of the trial more patients wanted to
      continue using active TENS in preference to placebo or their original medication.
      Although most of the parameters observed favoured active TENS, it was not
      possible to establish its clear superiority over placebo, because the response
      rate to placebo TENS was high and sustained for at least 3 weeks. This trial
      suggests that a longer study is required to establish the role of TENS as a
      therapeutic agent in the treatment of the pain of chronic arthritis.

PMID- 6364998
TI  - Synovial protease/inhibitor ratios in erosive and nonerosive arthropathies.
AB  - Although rheumatoid joint fluids contain numerous polymorphs capable of secreting
      neutral proteases known to be able to digest cartilage, the high level of
      inhibitors (mainly alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin) has always been
      considered to be more than sufficient to inhibit their activity completely.
      Consequently little interest has been paid to the potential role of these enzymes
      in cartilage damage. Four arthropathies of different erosive potential are here
      compared: spondyloarthropathies, rheumatoid arthritis with and without gold or D
      penicillamine therapy, and septic arthritis. The synovial concentration of the
      inhibitors alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin has been compared with
      the polymorph enzyme output, as measured by beta-glucuronidase. Total haemolytic
      complement, white cell count, and C-reactive protein have also been measured in
      the joint fluid. The range of white cell count and inhibitors was the same in all
      4 groups, while the enzyme output varied substantially from low levels in the
      spondyloarthropathies to very high levels in the septic joints. The higher the
      erosive potential of the disease, therefore, the more disadvantageous is the
      inhibitor/enzyme ratio. It is also pointed out that cartilage has physiochemical
      properties which facilitate and enhance polymorph enzyme output while severely
      curtailing the activity of the inhibitors. The observation that synovial fluid is
      inhibitory in vitro may therefore bear little relationship to the situation at
      the cartilage surface in vivo.

PMID- 6364999
TI  - [Campaign against sexually transmissible diseases in developing countries].

PMID- 6365000
TI  - Trypanosoma cruzi: measurement of DNA quantity in different isoenzymic strains.
      Inferences on the ploidy of these strains.

PMID- 6365001
TI  - Single dose minocycline and doxycycline treatment of tick-borne relapsing fever.
      A double-blind clinical trial in Rwanda.

PMID- 6365003
TI  - Radiographic manifestations of mediastinal hemorrhage from blunt chest trauma.
AB  - The diagnosis of rupture of the thoracic aorta or its major branches depends
      largely on the recognition of mediastinal hemorrhage from the initial chest
      radiograph and subsequent thoracic aortography. This review discusses the
      radiographic manifestations of mediastinal hemorrhage, including widening of the
      mediastinum; a ratio of mediastinal width to chest width greater than 0.25;
      abnormalities of aortic contour; opacification of the aortopulmonary window;
      depression of the left main bronchus; deviation of the trachea to the right;
      deviation of the nasogastric tube to the right; the apical cap sign; widening of
      the paraspinal lines; widening of the right paratracheal stripe; and left
      hemothorax. The relationship of these manifestations to major thoracic arterial
      injury is examined. Pitfalls in the radiographic evaluation of mediastinal
      abnormalities are considered, and indications for computed tomography of the
      thorax and thoracic aortography in the severely injured patient are reviewed.

PMID- 6365004
TI  - Circulatory assistance with allograft.

PMID- 6365005
TI  - Complete esophageal diversion.

PMID- 6365002
TI  - Determinants of cardiovascular stability during abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy
      (AAA).
AB  - Patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy (AAA) develop depressed
      cardiac function during aortic clamping. The importance of volume status and
      thromboxane (Tx) mediated declines in cardiac contractility in determining this
      event was studied. In a blinded fashion, patients received the cyclo-oxygenase
      inhibitor ibuprofen 12 mg/kg by mouth (n = 11) or a placebo (n = 15), 1.5 hours
      prior to surgery. In the placebo group levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, the
      hydrolysis product of prostacyclin (PGI2) rose from 20 +/- 10 to 1170 +/- 80
      pg/ml (p less than 0.05) soon after incision. Concentrations of TxB2, the stable
      hydrolysis product of TxA2, were unchanged until 30 minutes after the aorta was
      clamped when arterial TxB2 concentrations rose from 90 +/- 20 to 230 +/- 30 pg/ml
      (mean +/- SEM) (p less than 0.05). A pulmonary source for PGI2 and TxA2 was
      indicated by the observation that arterial 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TxB2 levels
      exceeded those in pulmonary arterial blood by 180 +/- 50 and 110 +/- 30 pg/ml,
      respectively (p less than 0.05). Levels of TxB2 in circulating platelets remained
      unchanged from baseline in the placebo group. During aortic clamping, cardiac
      index (CI) fell 0.7 +/- 0.2 1/min X m2 (p less than 0.05) in placebo treated
      patients, and there was a 6% decline in plasma contractility as bioassayed with a
      rat papillary muscle (p less than 0.05). Placebo patients entered surgery with a
      PAWP greater than or equal to 10 mmHg (mean 13 mm). Ibuprofen suppressed
      production of TxB2, such that 30 minutes after aortic clamping TxB2 was 70 +/- 30
      pg/ml, a value lower than control patients (p less than 0.05). Further, plasma no
      longer depressed contractility of the papillary muscle. Five patients given
      ibuprofen had an initial pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) of 10 mmHg or
      greater (mean 12 mmHg). During aortic clamping there was an insignificant
      decrease in CI of 0.2 +/- 0.1 1/min X m2. This was in contrast to the CI decrease
      in six other ibuprofen treated patients of 0.9 +/- 0.2 1/min X m2 whose PAWP at
      the start of surgery was less than 10 mmHg (mean 6 mmHg) (p less than 0.05), and
      to placebo patients whose initial PAWP was greater than or equal to 10 (p less
      than 0.05). Platelet counts fell from 185,000 to 121,000/mm3 in placebo patients
      (p less than 0.05), but did not fall when ibuprofen was given. Creatinine
      concentrations were unaffected by ibuprofen. Blood replacement in placebo and
      ibuprofen patients was similar, 1.90 +/- 0.20 and 0.65 +/- 0.15 1, respectively.
      Results indicate that CI will not decrease during AAA if sufficient volume is
      given before surgery to increase PAWP above 10 mmHg, and secondly, if TxB2
      synthesis is inhibited.

PMID- 6365006
TI  - Nicotinic acid action on gastrointestinal smooth muscle.
AB  - The mechanism of nicotinic acid action in smooth muscle was studied by testing
      the drug in rat stomach fundus and descending colon using either the superfusion
      or perfusion technique. In the rat stomach strips nicotinic acid (or Na
      nicotinate) induces concentration-dependent contractions that are drastically
      antagonized by indomethacin but not by the other inhibitors tested (scopolamine,
      phenoxybenzamine, propranolol, methysergide, pyrilamine, imidazole, anacardic
      acid). Reduced glutathione, on the contrary, clearly potentiates the contractile
      effect of nicotinic acid in the tissue. The response of the rat stomach strips to
      different prostanoids (PGE1, PGE2 alpha, PGF2 alpha, and PGI2) shows that only
      PGE2 (at a very low concentration: 14 nM) induces muscle contraction similar to
      that evoked by Na-nicotinate (34.4 nM). In segments of rat descending colon Na
      nicotinate induces concentration-dependent contractions that are abolished by
      scopolamine, by hemicholinium-3 or incubation at low temperature (20 degrees C).
      These results provide evidence that nicotinic acid influences gastrointestinal
      smooth muscle by indirect mechanisms, i.e. by release of endogenous autacoids,
      namely prostaglandins in the stomach fundus and cholinergic transmitter in the
      descending colon.

PMID- 6365007
TI  - Evaluation of bismuth subsalicylate in relieving symptoms of indigestion.
AB  - The efficacy of bismuth subsalicylate in relieving the symptoms of indigestion
      was evaluated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over study
      in 48 adults. Each patient was treated for six episodes of indigestion, three
      episodes with bismuth subsalicylate and three with placebo. Volunteers took 30 ml
      when the symptoms first occurred and repeated the dose every half hour, as
      needed, for eight doses. The volunteers rated the severity of each symptom 15 and
      30 minutes after each dose. Overall relief was achieved faster and in a higher
      proportion of cases in bismuth subsalicylate-treated episodes than in placebo
      treated episodes. Bismuth subsalicylate provided greater and faster relief than
      placebo for nausea, sense of fullness, heartburn, feeling of abdominal
      distention, and flatulence, but not for upper abdominal pain.

PMID- 6365008
TI  - Prophylaxis of oral candidiasis with clotrimazole troches.
AB  - Oropharyngeal candidiasis is frequently a complication of patients with altered
      immune states. Clotrimazole troches are effective in the treatment of Candida and
      were evaluated in this study in a prophylaxis regimen. Patients with malignant
      neoplasms who were receiving chemotherapy and renal transplant recipients who
      were receiving immunosuppressives were randomized to receive either clotrimazole
      (10 mg) or placebo troches three times a day in a prospective, double-blinded
      study. Eighty-four patients were randomized into the study, 18 patients with
      leukemia, 19 patients with malignant neoplasms, and 47 patients with renal
      transplants. Among all patients, thrush developed in 57% while receiving placebo
      compared with 13% while receiving clotrimazole prophylaxis. Prophylaxis showed
      significant benefit for the renal transplant recipients and for patients with
      solid malignant neoplasms, but not for the leukemic patients. Clotrimazole
      troches are effective in preventing oral candidiasis in a select group of
      patients.

PMID- 6365009
TI  - Endocrine dysfunction in chronic renal failure.
AB  - The kidney has a central role in producing and metabolizing a variety of
      hormones. In addition, chronic renal failure results in alterations in the
      internal milieu that affects the synthesis and secretory rate of hormones as well
      as causing alterations of hormone effects on target tissue. Our review highlights
      the alterations in endocrine function that develop in patients with uremia.
      Special emphasis is placed on the diagnostic and therapeutic quandaries posed by
      these alterations in endocrine function.

PMID- 6365010
TI  - Wave reflections and the arterial pulse.
AB  - Studies of aortic dynamics have provided new information about the peripheral
      pulse. This brief review provides a summary of these findings and relates them to
      a number of clinical conditions.

PMID- 6365011
TI  - N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and beta 2-microglobulin in renal disease.

PMID- 6365012
TI  - The complete sequence of murein synthesis in ether treated Escherichia coli.
AB  - The in vitro synthesis of murein from the precursors UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, L
      alanine, D-glutamic acid and meso-diaminopimelic acid was performed with the aid
      of ether treated Escherichia coli. This synthesis was sensitive to representative
      inhibitors of early reactions in the cytoplasm as well as of late reactions in
      the membrane or the cell wall. The sensitivity was higher than in in vitro
      systems starting with UDP-N-acetylmuramic acid or UDP-N-acetylmuramyl
      pentapeptide.

PMID- 6365013
TI  - [Monoarthritis with positive Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serology in an 18-month
      old girl].
AB  - A case of Yersinia pseudo-tuberculosis arthritis is reported in a 18 month-old
      girl. The authors emphasize the rarity of such cases, the value of testing for
      Yersinia antibodies in cases with arthritis of unknown origin and the uncertain
      long-term outcome.

PMID- 6365014
TI  - [Acute non-lymphoblastic leukemias in children].

PMID- 6365015
TI  - Carbamazepine and haloperidol v placebo and haloperidol in excited psychoses. A
      controlled study.
AB  - Carbamazepine has recently been reported to have therapeutic potential in mania.
      We studied carbamazepine plus haloperidol v placebo plus haloperidol in excited
      psychoses in a controlled double-blind design. Twenty-three patients completed
      five weeks of carbamazepine-haloperidol therapy, and 20 patients placebo
      haloperidol therapy. Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ratings showed superior
      improvement in the group receiving carbamazepine plus haloperidol. This benefit
      was as apparent in excited schizophrenia as in mania. No unusual toxicity was
      observed because of the combination of haloperidol with carbamazepine.

PMID- 6365016
TI  - Three therapeutic communities. A prospective controlled study of narcotic
      addiction treatment: process and two-year follow-up results.
AB  - The efficacy of three different residential therapeutic communities for male
      veterans addicted to heroin was studied, comparing 181 subjects who were randomly
      assigned to one of the communities with 166 subjects briefly hospitalized only
      for the treatment of withdrawal symptoms. At two-year follow-up, subjects from
      both a professionally staffed community and a peer confrontation community were
      found significantly more likely than the withdrawal-only group to be working or
      attending school and less likely to have been convicted of a crime. An eclectic
      program employing both professionals and paraprofessionals was not found to
      exceed the withdrawal-only group on any of the major outcome variables. The two
      relatively successful communities, although different in structure and style,
      were both perceived by their residents to have greater program clarity, order,
      staff control, and orientation to personal problems than the unsuccessful
      program.

PMID- 6365017
TI  - Alternative induction and crossover schedules for methadyl acetate.
AB  - Various schedules exist for inducting heroin addicts newly admitted to treatment
      into methadyl acetate maintenance and crossover schedules for the transition from
      methadone maintenance to methadyl acetate maintenance. A sample of 255 street
      addicts was randomized to three induction schedules: methadyl acetate three times
      a week (tiw) with placebos on alternate days; methadyl acetate tiw supplemented
      with decreasing doses of methadone on alternate days; methadyl acetate six days a
      week with diminishing doses on three days. Treatment was double-blind for four
      weeks and single-blind for six. All schedules were considered feasible, but
      supplementation with methadyl acetate or methadone had no advantage. A sample of
      310 patients receiving methadone maintenance was randomized to comparable
      supplementation groups, except that the group receiving supplementary methadyl
      acetate received it along with the regular dose. This schedule was not
      successful. Supplementing with methadone had no advantage.

PMID- 6365018
TI  - [Medical legislation of the Kingdom of Sicily 1140-1241].

PMID- 6365019
TI  - [Library of the Warsaw Medical Society 1821-1944].

PMID- 6365020
TI  - [Authoritative powers of presidents of Cracow University in the control of
      Cracow's pharmacies in the 15th and 16th centuries in the light of indirect
      sources and information].

PMID- 6365021
TI  - [Ennoblement of physicians and pharmacists in the Kingdom of Poland 1817-1861].

PMID- 6365022
TI  - [Biographical records on Prof. Antoni Stanislaw Jurasz in Heidelberg and
      Karlsruhe].

PMID- 6365023
TI  - [Dr. Adolf Rzasnicki - physician, scientist, artist (on the 30th anniversary of
      his death)].

PMID- 6365024
TI  - [Boguslaw Palicki, physician and social worker in Wielkopolska (1813-1868)].

PMID- 6365025
TI  - Pathologic findings in long-term cardiac transplants.
AB  - Since the introduction of cardiac transplantation at our institution 15 years
      ago, major advances have occurred in the monitoring and treatment of these
      patients, resulting in many long-term survivors. We defined the pathologic
      features in 14 cardiac transplants with survival times longer than one year. Only
      one heart showed no evidence of rejection, while the remaining 13 hearts showed
      advanced chronic rejection, which was the main cause of death or of graft failure
      in 11 patients. One patient died of gastric carcinoma, one of Kaposi's sarcoma,
      and one of cerebral embolus. The most obtrusive change in the donor hearts was an
      obliterative arteritis, which in the epicardial coronary arteries mimicked
      atherosclerosis. Superadded thrombosis often resulted in myocardial infarction.
      These severe vascular lesions bore no constant relationship to survival time and
      took from 1.1 to 12.5 years to evolve.

PMID- 6365026
TI  - Non-renin dependent hypertension in renal allograft rejections. A structural and
      functional analysis.
AB  - A 25-year-old recipient of a cadaveric renal allograft underwent three acute
      rejection episodes within the first 40 days after transplant, the final episode
      necessitating nephrectomy. The saralasin acetate infusion test and plasma renin
      activity (as measured by radioimmunoassay of angiotensin I) were used as
      functional tests of the renin-angiotensin axis. Biopsy specimens of the allograft
      one hour after implantation and sections of the nephrectomy specimen were fixed
      and stained with hematoxylin-eosin for structural analysis. On three separate
      dates, during the final rejection episode, saralasin acetate infusion of up to 20
      micrograms/kg/min failed to lower BP significantly. The final two trials were
      preceded by furosemide administration the previous day to reduce fluid volume.
      Plasma renin activity was low on all three dates. On nephrectomy, the allograft
      was noted grossly to be infarcted. Histologic examination revealed cortical
      necrosis, markedly narrowed or occluded intrarenal vessels, and extremely
      narrowed large vessels within the renal pelvis. The allograft renal artery was
      thickened and narrowed. From our structural and functional analysis we conclude
      that (1) hypertension, in this case, was probably volume dependent and was
      clearly renin independent; and (2) the low renin levels are explainable on the
      basis of extensive vascular occlusion producing renal infarction and resulting in
      a kidney incapable of producing significant amounts of renin (autonephrectomy).

PMID- 6365027
TI  - High-resolution microscopy of lung and intrathoracic tumors.
AB  - Effective chemotherapy is available for many types of lung tumors; however, to
      select the most appropriate regimen, precise classification is essential. The
      most important differentiation is that between small cell and non-small cell
      anaplastic carcinoma. It is also important to distinguish mediastinal neoplasms
      and neoplasms metastatic to lung from primary lung tumors. Processing tissue in
      methacrylate and epoxy resins results in excellent preservation of histologic
      detail and allows for maximum resolution under the light microscope. In addition,
      histochemical and immunochemical procedures can be carried out in these
      preparations, allowing the pathologist to more precisely classify the various
      tumors.

PMID- 6365028
TI  - Gold-associated nephropathy.
AB  - Renal biopsy specimens from 11 cases of gold-associated nephropathy were studied
      by light, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. Seven biopsy specimens
      disclosed the typical glomerular lesions of membranous nephropathy. Four cases
      disclosed other patterns of glomerular injury, including minimal-change nephrotic
      syndrome. Although a membranous pattern of immune complex deposition is the most
      frequent type seen in gold nephropathy, our data indicate that other patterns of
      immune complex deposition may occur in renal biopsy specimens of patients
      receiving gold therapy.

PMID- 6365029
TI  - Fibrin in peritonitis. IV. Synergistic intraperitoneal infection caused by
      Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis within fibrin clots.
AB  - We measured the rate of lethality and abscess formation in rats that underwent
      intraperitoneal implantation of fibrin clots contaminated with either Escherichia
      coli or Bacteroides fragilis alone or in combination, to determine whether the
      two organisms together would produce a synergistic infection. Ten-day mortality
      produced by 10(9) colony-forming units (CFU) of E coli was 33.3%. Encapsulated B
      fragilis led to 3.3% mortality. Escherichia coli (5 X 10(8) CFU) plus B fragilis
      (5 X 10(8) CFU) led to a sharp increase both in the rate and final ten-day
      mortality (80.0%). Eighty percent of the rats that received E coli (10(9) CFU
      within fibrin clots) had abscesses determined on the basis of grossly purulent
      material. All animals that received B fragilis and survived ten days contained
      abscesses. Synergy between E coli and B fragilis was noted to occur only when 5 X
      10(8) CFU of each organism was present within the fibrin clot. Lower numbers did
      not produce significant synergy compared with controls that received either E
      coli or B fragilis. Quantitation of the number of organisms present at 24 hours
      within contaminated fibrin clots demonstrated a similar amount of growth of both
      organisms, either when added alone or in combination as copathogens.

PMID- 6365030
TI  - Comparative pulmonary effects of intraperitoneal inoculation of live v dead
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - We studied the effect of 2.5 X 10(9) live Escherichia coli per kilogram v 2.7 X
      10(9) dead E coli per kilogram injected into the peritoneal cavity of sheep with
      chronic pulmonary lymph fistulas. The effects of dead E coli were compared with
      those of live E coli, with respect to (1) pulmonary hypertension, (2) hemodynamic
      failure, (3) damage to the pulmonary microvasculature, (4) systemic arterial
      hypoxemia, (5) neutropenia and lymphopenia, (6) thrombocytopenia and platelet
      aggregation, (7) plasma fibrinogen concentration, and (8) classic- and
      alternative-pathway hemolytic complement. The time after injection of the
      bacteria was divided into an early period (zero to two hours) and a late period
      (two to seven hours). We made two conclusions: (1) The early period effects, with
      the exception of the absolute neutrophil count and Pao2, were independent of
      bacterial viability, whereas the late period effects were strongly dependent on
      bacterial viability. (2) The early notable difference between the live v dead
      groups, with respect to the absolute neutrophil count and Pao2, could not be
      explained on the basis of an increase in bacterial numbers alone.

PMID- 6365031
TI  - The role of prostacyclin and thromboxane in sepsis and septic shock.
AB  - Prostacyclin, or prostaglandin I2 (PGI2), and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) are potent,
      endogenously produced, vasoactive substances that have been implicated as
      mediators in the pathophysiologic nature of septic shock. We investigated the
      contribution and production of PGI2 and TXA2 in sepsis and septic shock, using an
      intact rabbit model and an in vitro rabbit isolated cardiac perfusion model.
      Continuous hemodynamic monitoring of both experimental models, along with serial
      radioimmunoassays of the metabolites of PGI2 and TXA2, indicated that myocardial
      depression is a common finding in subjects with septic shock and that septic
      shock causes a suppression of PGI2 production while augmenting TXA2 production.
      In addition, PGI2 and TXA2 were mediators of some cardiovascular changes in
      septic shock but were themselves not the toxic factor(s) responsible for the
      associated myocardial depression.

PMID- 6365033
TI  - The effect of a semiocclusive dressing on the microbial population in superficial
      wounds.
AB  - Superficial wounds in a Yorkshire pig were treated with a semiocclusive
      polyurethane film dressing (PUD) or left open. The number and types of microflora
      present in the wounds each day was determined by a scrub technique, selective
      media, and the spiral plating system. In wounds covered with the PUD, the number
      of organisms increased, and there were more gram-negative pathogens. We concluded
      that microorganisms in wound beds multiply and survive better beneath a
      semiocclusive dressing than with air exposure.

PMID- 6365032
TI  - Oxygen as an antibiotic. The effect of inspired oxygen on infection.
AB  - Granulocytes' in vitro bactericidal capacity for certain bacteria depends on an
      adequate environmental oxygen supply. Oxygen available to granulocytes in
      infected tissue is decreased by local conditions and can be altered significantly
      by small changes in its inspired concentration. We modified Burke's and Miles'
      bacteria-injection model in animals to test the effect of breathing 12%, 21%, and
      45% oxygen on the size of lesions produced by intradermal injections of
      Escherichia coli. Moderately increased inspired oxygen concentrations (fraction
      of inspired oxygen [Flo2]) significantly decreased the size and number of
      necrotic lesions, whereas hypoxia increased both. Increasing Flo2 to 45% after
      three and 24 hours of hypoxia also significantly decreased lesion size.
      Suppression of infection by moderate hyperoxia is comparable with that reported
      by Burke after timely, adequate doses of type-specific antibiotics.

PMID- 6365034
TI  - Characteristics and uses of biologic dressings and skin substitutes.
AB  - Biologic dressings used for temporary coverage of open wounds exert both
      mechanical and physiologic effects by protecting the wound, maintaining microbial
      control, and hastening wound maturation. Synthetic wound dressings modeled after
      the biologic dressings have been evaluated by several investigators. Those
      studies have shown unilaminate synthetic membranes to be ineffective when applied
      to full-thickness wounds and have identified a bilaminate construction as being
      necessary for membranes to serve as effective skin substitutes. The desirable
      properties of skin substitutes have been identified and incorporated in the
      design of recently developed membranes. Recent studies in this and other
      laboratories have resulted in the development of collagen-synthetic bilaminates,
      a totally synthetic biologically inert bilaminate, and tissue culture-derived
      membranes. The characteristics and limitations of each skin substitute determine
      the optimum usage of these composite membranes and define the modifications
      needed to improve the effectiveness of such dressings.

PMID- 6365035
TI  - Morphological and electrophysiological aspects of dissociated cultures of rat
      CNS.
AB  - Rat central nervous system has been cultured up to 6 weeks after complete
      dissociation. Maturation of different cell types has been followed in the quasi
      monolayer by phase contrast microscopy. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurones
      usually differed from central nervous system (CNS) neurones by their spherical
      shape accompanied by only one or two processes, exact identification of cell
      types, however, was usually only possible by combining morphology with
      electrophysiology. Scanning electron-microscopy revealed a more extensive
      arborization of neurites and a higher number of presumed synaptic structures in
      cultures after 2 weeks of culturing. Layers of ependymal cells were also found.
      The different cell types were further identified by determining their membrane
      properties. Glial cells had higher resting membrane potentials (-56 +/- 9.7 mV)
      than CNS neurones (-49 +/- 10.2 mV), while the membrane potential of DRG neurones
      lay in-between the two (-53 +/- 1.7 mV). The sequence for input resistance was:
      DRG neurones (30 +/- 9.3 M omega) greater than CNS neurones (18 +/- 10.5 M omega)
      greater than glial cells (9.3 +/- 5.2 M omega). In CNS neurones the input
      resistance is correlated with the membrane potential, which is not the case for
      glial cells. Action potentials of DRG neurones exhibited delayed repolarisation
      increasing the spike duration to three times that of CNS neurones.

PMID- 6365036
TI  - Infection of gnotobiotic calves with a bovine and human isolate of respiratory
      syncytial virus. Modification of the response by dexamethasone.
AB  - A bovine and a human strain of RSV both adapted to bovine cell culture, have been
      inoculated separately into 13 and 7 gnotobiotic calves respectively by 3
      different methods. Both strains infected calves and showed similar growth
      patterns. Virus was recovered from the nasopharynx between one and 11 days with
      peak titres between 3 and 8 days following inoculation. With the exception of 4
      calves treated with dexamethasone no clinical signs and only minimal macroscopic
      lesions of the lung were induced, which histologically comprised a mononuclear
      infiltration of alveolar walls and of the peribronchiolar tissue. The serological
      response to both strains was similar. Antibody was detected by virus
      neutralisation or single radial haemolysis from 12 days after inoculation.
      Specific anti-RSV IgM was detected from 10 days and IgG from 16 days after
      inoculation. Treatment with dexamethasone (0.5 mgm/Kg daily for 10 days) enhanced
      lung lesions produced by the bovine strain, prolonged the period of virus
      shedding and increased peak titres. The specific IgM response was suppressed.

PMID- 6365037
TI  - Photoreactivation and ultraviolet-enhanced reactivation of ultraviolet-irradiated
      nuclear polyhedrosis virus by insect cells.
AB  - The nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Baculovirus) of Galleria mellonella (Pryalidae:
      Lepidoptera) was used to investigate the capability of cultured insect cells to
      repair ultraviolet (UV) induced damage in the viral genome. When assayed by the
      formation of plaques in the cell line TN-368, the survival of the virus was found
      to decrease linearly with increased ultraviolet exposure. The infectious capacity
      of UV-irradiated virions was significantly restored after exposing the TN-368
      monolayers to either photoreactivation conditions (white fluorescent and black
      light) or to UV-enhanced reactivation conditions (far ultraviolet radiation).
      Using both types of repair sequentially resulted in higher reactivation than when
      either was used alone. These results indicate that pyrimidine dimers are the
      major factor responsible for inactivation of this virus by UV radiation but that
      other photolesions not repairable by photoreactivation partially account for the
      inactivation of the virus.

PMID- 6365038
TI  - [Characteristics of the structural organization of the thyroid gland].

PMID- 6365039
TI  - [Non-ionogenic detergents in the study of cellular ultrastructure].

PMID- 6365040
TI  - [Stromal cells of the regenerating bone marrow in rats (an immunocytochemical
      electron microscopy study)].
AB  - Process of the bone marrow regeneration has been studied after its removal out of
      the rat femoral bone cavity. The stage of stroma formation precedes hemopoiesis.
      The stromal cells during its reconstruction (the 4th-5th day after removal of the
      bone marrow) are analyzed by means of the indirect immune-peroxidase electron
      microscopical method with antiserum applied against insoluble antigens of the rat
      bone marrow cells. Most of the stromal cells do not fix the antiserum used, as do
      the hemopoietic cells, macrophages and preosteoclasts. Some part of the stromal
      cells (not more than 30%) demonstrate the immune-peroxidase label. The labelled
      stromal cells have some ultrastructural signs of poorly differentiated elements
      of fibroblastic and osteoblastic raws. In the regeneration area, there are non
      labelled poorly differentiated cells, which do not differ, at the ultrastructural
      level, from labelled poorly differentiated stromal elements. Possible causes of
      the difference revealed among the poorly differentiated stromal cells concerning
      their fixing of the anti-bone-marrow antiserum are discussed.

PMID- 6365041
TI  - [V. Z. Golubev's study of the microangioarchitectonics of the kidney].

PMID- 6365042
TI  - [Department of Normal Anatomy of the Dagestan Medical Institute (on its 50th
      anniversary)].

PMID- 6365043
TI  - [In memoriam Iaroslav Leonidovich Karaganov].

PMID- 6365044
TI  - Aplastic anemia.

PMID- 6365045
TI  - [Captopril in the hypertensive crisis].

PMID- 6365046
TI  - [Ultrastructural changes in the myocardium during cardiac surgery].

PMID- 6365048
TI  - Experimental oral infection of mice with a pathogenic and a non-pathogenic strain
      of the yeast Candida albicans.
AB  - Oral infection by Candida albicans is thought to be related more to host
      susceptibility than to virulence of the organism. Using a mouse model of oral
      candidosis, differences in colonization and infection between two strains of C.
      albicans were demonstrated.

PMID- 6365047
TI  - Pharmacologic trials in the treatment of cerebellar tremor.
AB  - We studied the effect of long-term administration of propranolol hydrochloride
      and isoniazid and the acute action of ethyl alcohol on cerebellar tremor in
      patients with multiple sclerosis and primary cerebellar degeneration in a placebo
      controlled double-blind crossover test. None of the drugs decreased the severity
      of either static or kinetic cerebellar tremors.

PMID- 6365049
TI  - Posterior keratoconus.

PMID- 6365050
TI  - Fundus changes following faden operation.
AB  - A faden operation was performed in 187 eyes that were studied by indirect
      binocular ophthalmoscopy at regular intervals after the surgical procedure. Of
      these eyes, 29 (15.5%) showed ocular fundus abnormalities, with 28 cases of
      chorioretinal scars at the level of the muscle scleral anchorage and one case of
      Herpburn-Amalric triangular syndrome of choroidal ischemia. No case of retinal
      tears was found in this series. Fundus changes are by far the most frequent
      complication of the faden operation, and to our knowledge, this has not been
      previously described. The findings of the present study suggest (1) the necessity
      of routine ophthalmoscopic controls in the postoperative stage regarding those
      eyes in which the faden operation has been performed, and (2) that the faden
      operation on the lateral rectus muscle is seriously contraindicated because of
      the high risk of irreversible macular damage consecutive to these chorioretinal
      lesions.

PMID- 6365051
TI  - McCarey-Kaufman (MK) organ culture and MK medium-shifted corneas.
AB  - Paired human donor corneas were studied to determine the effects of temperature,
      osmolarity, and media shifts on the endothelium of corneas stored in McCarey
      Kaufman (MK) medium initially and then shifted to standard organ culture medium.
      Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
      demonstrated intact corneal endothelium in six of seven human control corneas
      stored in MK medium prior to fixation. Intact corneal endothelium was similarly
      demonstrated by specular microscopy, SEM, and TEM in seven of seven "MK-shifted"
      corneas. These data suggest that MK-stored donor corneas may be transferred into
      an organ culture system at 34 degrees C for prolonged storage with maintenance of
      corneal endothelial cell viability.

PMID- 6365052
TI  - Congenital vascular anomalies causing tracheoesophageal compression.
AB  - Congenital vascular anomalies of the great vessels causing marked
      tracheoesophageal compression are rare. Notable symptoms usually manifest in the
      neonatal period and include stridor, repeated cyanotic attacks, recurrent
      pneumonia, and dysphagia. Although the diagnosis can often be made from barium
      swallow studies, the preoperative examination should nevertheless include an
      endoscopy. This is essential if the degree of tracheomalacia is to be adequately
      assessed and other tracheobronchial abnormalities are to be identified. Possible
      airway problems can then be anticipated, thus minimizing postoperative
      respiratory difficulties.

PMID- 6365053
TI  - Costal blood supply in free flap grafting.
AB  - The principal nourishment to the rib in a free flap is derived from the nutrient
      artery that pierces the costal head and terminates in the medullary cavity. A
      question surrounds the adequacy of the periosteal vessels in providing
      nourishment to the entire bone. A study of the blood supply and bony metabolism
      in the osseous portion of four free flaps of rib and attached pleura used to
      reconstruct the laryngotrachea in four dogs was undertaken. A microvascular
      anastomosis was attached to the anterior intercostal artery. An intact
      anastomosis was demonstrated in all four animals with fill of the most distal
      arborization in the bone in three. Technetium Tc 99m scanning, tetracycline
      labeling, and light microscopy revealed healthy metabolizing bone. The airway in
      all four animals was widely patent.

PMID- 6365054
TI  - Bacteriological examination in cases of premature rupture of membranes.

PMID- 6365055
TI  - On complete denture retention.

PMID- 6365056
TI  - Electrochemical etching of full crowns.

PMID- 6365057
TI  - Use of patient's natural crown as the pontic in a composite resin-retained
      temporary bridge.

PMID- 6365058
TI  - An anterior microfine filled resin crown.

PMID- 6365059
TI  - Relaxation techniques in general practice.
AB  - Many common disorders which present in general practice may be treated
      successfully when patients learn techniques of relaxation. Tension headache,
      migraine, chronic nervous diarrhoea, pre examination tension and some phobias
      have a high success rate. The technique is a lifelong asset for both patient and
      doctor.

PMID- 6365060
TI  - Draining pus from the cornea.
AB  - Thirteen patients with varying grades of suppurative keratitis were studied with
      regard to their response to keratoplasty. In all patients there was a rapid
      improvement in symptoms and signs. In eight of the 13 there was restoration at
      least of previous function: one patient lost all vision due to secondary closed
      angle glaucoma, because he refused further surgery. Corneal graft opacification
      occurred in three eyes; one other became partially opaque; whilst in a fourth,
      the lamellar graft remained clear while the original autograft failed. At last
      follow-up, all eyes were normotensive and free of symptoms. Keratoplasty should
      assume an important part of the management of suppurative keratitis, from both
      theoretical and practical considerations.

PMID- 6365061
TI  - Refractive corneal surgery: the use of implantable alloplastic lens material.
AB  - A basic problem encountered in all forms of lamellar refractive surgery has been
      the predictability of the optical corrections. Corneal tissue used in refractive
      surgery behaves in a variable fashion because its shape is determined in vivo by
      the process of healing and graft repopulation. Therefore no preoperative measure
      of the ultimate power of the lathed corneal lens can be made. Another drawback is
      the limited supply of donor corneal tissue. In an effort to overcome these
      problems, we have used alloplastic materials in conjunction with lamellar
      refractive surgery to improve the predictability of the result. The use of this
      material would also allow accurate preoperative determination of lens power.
      Intralamellar implants appeared to heal quite rapidly after surgery. Their
      optical clarity was excellent and the corneal surface appeared stable. Further
      research into long-term stability and predictability are currently underway.

PMID- 6365062
TI  - Transplantation antigens and keratoplasty.
AB  - Allograft rejection is one of the leading causes of corneal graft failure in man
      when the cornea is heavily vascularised. This paper reports the feasibility and
      possible benefits of using histocompatibility (HLA) antigen crossmatch testing
      and HLA-D locus antigen matching for corneal donor selection. Double-masked
      clinical trials designed to determine the value of these procedures for
      keratoplasty are discussed.

PMID- 6365063
TI  - Apposing suture lines as an important factor towards neo-urethral fistulation in
      hypospadias surgery in children.
AB  - Apposing suture lines as a contributing factor to neo-urethral fistulation after
      urethroplasty for hypospadias are studied in 51 children. Urethroplasty using
      apposing suture lines resulted in 36.4% fistulation as compared with an 11.1%
      fistulation rate using a non-apposing arrangement.

PMID- 6365064
TI  - Single layer abdominal wound closure in children.
AB  - A single layer closure of abdominal incisions was done, including the skin,
      musculo-aponeurotic layer and peritoneum, with a modified 'figure-of-eight'
      technique, using thick monofilament nylon interrupted sutures. This technique
      leaves no suture material in the wound after suture removal on the 14th
      postoperative day. One hundred and fifty-two transverse incisions of the abdomen
      in children of all ages were analysed. Easy closure in difficult cases, no wound
      dehiscence and a greatly reduced infection rate are the advantages. We recommend
      this technique as a routine, particularly in poor risk patients, contaminated
      wounds and closure of colostomy wounds.

PMID- 6365065
TI  - Plasma concentration and disposition of antimicrobial agents in the dog.
AB  - Although there is sufficient information on the pharmacology and therapeutic
      application of the antimicrobial drugs to permit their effective use, they are
      still often misused in canine practice. This paper collates the data on drug dose
      rate/plasma concentration relationships observed in dogs after the administration
      of specific members of the major antimicrobial drug groups and on the possible
      impact of drug disposition (distribution and elimination) on therapeutic effect.
      Some information gleaned from studies in other animal species is added.

PMID- 6365066
TI  - Detection of leptospires in tissue using an immunoperoxidase staining procedure.
AB  - An immunoperoxidase technique for the localisation of leptospires in sections of
      formalin fixed paraffin embedded kidney tissue is described. The procedure
      utilises a two-layered antibody sandwich with rabbit anti-leptospiral
      immunoglobin. Using antiserum to specific leptospiral serovars the presence and
      distribution of specific serovar in the tissue could be determined. The technique
      was also used to detect leptospires of given serovars in smears made from
      infected tissues and fluids. There was good correlation between culture results
      and results of the immunoperoxidase staining method on kidneys infected with
      leptospires. The diagnostic possibilities of the technique on formalin fixed
      tissue specimens are discussed.

PMID- 6365067
TI  - Type C botulism in young dogs.
AB  - A diffuse lower motor neurone paralysis developed in a 6-month-old male
      Australian cattle dog pup 4 days after it had eaten the carcase of a rotting duck
      in Centennial Park, Sydney. Two other dogs which ate smaller portions of the same
      carcase were less severely affected. Clostridium botulinum type C was isolated
      from and C. botulinum type C toxin was detected in faeces from the severely
      affected dog. The serum contained 25 LD50 of toxin/ml. The high C. botulinum
      count and toxin level in the faeces declined progressively during the ensuing
      weeks, but 114 days after ingesting the carcase C. botulinum type C was still
      present in faeces and a low toxin titre persisted. Soil, mud and water samples in
      the area of the duck ponds in the park contained C. botulinum type C spores.
      Spores and high toxin titres were also found in the intestine of the carcases of
      2 birds in the area.

PMID- 6365068
TI  - A rapid on-site test for speciation of meat.

PMID- 6365069
TI  - The roots of flight nursing: Lauretta M. Schimmoler and the Aerial Nurse Corps of
      America.
AB  - In any history of flight nursing or aeromedical evacuation, one usually sees
      reference to Lauretta Schimmoler and the Aerial Nurse Corps of America. A pioneer
      aviatrix with the foresight to see that one day there would be a need for
      military evacuation of wounded troops by air, Schimmoler spent nearly 15 years
      developing a paramilitary nursing organization that proved that such a thing
      could be successfully accomplished. This paper will survey the career of this
      remarkable woman, examine the structure and function of her organization, and
      discuss why it never gained official recognition by the military or the Red
      Cross.

PMID- 6365070
TI  - A review of vision physiology.
AB  - As one of the most important aspects of aviation physiology, vision is a virtual
      sine qua non of the aviation field. A basic understanding of vision is vitally
      important in the field of aviation medicine. Following is a summary of some
      aspects of visual physiology, including visual acuity, night vision, dark
      adaptation, and acceleration effects on vision.

PMID- 6365071
TI  - Relaxation-induced anxiety: mechanisms and theoretical implications.

PMID- 6365072
TI  - Correlation between pulmonary injuries and DIC: an experimental analysis.

PMID- 6365073
TI  - Treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation.

PMID- 6365074
TI  - Intravascular coagulation as a clinical manifestation of the Shwartzman reaction.

PMID- 6365075
TI  - Clinical significance of intravascular coagulation.
AB  - In conclusion, intravascular coagulation in the microcirculation is an important
      intermediary mechanism of disease. It is always secondary to a primary etiologic
      factor, but often accounts for some of the major pathological and clinical
      manifestations of many diseases. It may be acute or chronic, local or
      disseminated, and is a major factor in the development of hypercoagulable blood
      with secondary thrombosis of large veins or arteries. Comprehension of its
      biological significance requires knowledge of the pathological anatomy as well as
      the physiological and biochemical changes in the blood and vasomotor apparatus in
      each individual disease or patient.

PMID- 6365076
TI  - Erythrocyte-mediated microinjection, a technique to study protein degradation in
      muscle cells.
AB  - The technique of erythrocyte-mediated microinjection has been successfully
      adapted for use with cultured muscle cells. Erythrocytes were fused with primary
      chick myotube cultures with poly(ethylene glycol), and fluorescent antibodies to
      haemoglobin demonstrated that this protein was injected into the sarcoplasm of
      myotubes. The microinjection treatment did not significantly alter protein
      metabolism in the muscle cells as monitored by rates of synthesis and degradation
      of muscle proteins. 125I-labelled ribonuclease A and bovine serum albumin were
      degraded with the expected exponential decay kinetics after microinjection into
      muscle cells, and the half-life of ribonuclease A (40 h) was approximately twice
      that of bovine serum albumin (17 h). The degradation of ribonuclease A in the
      muscle cells was enhanced 1.6-fold in the absence of horse serum and chick-embryo
      extract, whereas the degradation of bovine serum albumin was not altered during
      deprivation. These results are characteristic of the breakdown of microinjected
      ribonuclease A and bovine serum albumin in other cell types. Therefore, our
      experiments indicate the erythrocyte-mediated microinjection is a valid technique
      to study protein degradation in primary chick muscle cultures.

PMID- 6365077
TI  - The role of insulin, corticosterone and other factors in the acute recovery of
      muscle protein synthesis on refeeding food-deprived rats.
AB  - Measurements of changes in muscle protein synthesis, insulin and corticosterone
      in vivo in refed food-deprived rats, some after pretreatment with anti-insulin
      serum or corticosterone, indicate that the acute increase in protein synthesis
      (20-40 min) requires (a) insulin, (b) a fall in corticosterone, since
      corticosterone acts at least in part by blocking insulin action, and (c) at least
      one other independent anabolic factor.

PMID- 6365078
TI  - Ornithine decarboxylase activity in embryos depends on temperature of development
      rather than on the stage of development. Molecular adaptation to temperature
      changes in poikilothermic animals.
AB  - The activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) (the key enzyme of polyamine
      synthesis) in different poikilothermic animals depends on the temperatures at
      which they were kept just before the enzyme assay. With an increase in
      temperature (within physiological limits) ODC activity rises 5-25-fold within
      several hours. With a decrease in temperature it falls at the same rate. This
      effect, studied on loach (Misgurnus fossilis) embryos in detail, was also shown
      for embryos, larvae and some adult tissues of many species. It is not, however,
      observed in homoiothermic animals (chick embryos and mammalian cells), nor in
      bacteria and plants. Changes in polyamine concentrations follow those in ODC
      activity, but more slowly and to a lesser extent. It is assumed that modulation
      of ODC activity changes as a result of its synthesis and degradation. We suggest
      that the temperature-dependence of ODC activity is a mechanism of adaptation
      which maintains the optimal cellular concentration of polyamines for each
      temperature.

PMID- 6365079
TI  - Evidence concerning the mechanism of insulin-receptor interaction and the
      structure of the insulin receptor from biological properties of covalently linked
      insulin dimers.
AB  - Covalently linked insulin dimers have been prepared by cross-linking two insulin
      monomers with a flexible suberoyl chain at either the B1 phenylalanine or the B29
      lysine residue. Binding potencies of dimers determined by inhibition of binding
      of 125I-insulin to isolated rat liver plasma membranes or adipocytes were 2.5-7
      fold greater than their abilities to stimulate lipogenesis in adipocytes. Rates
      of liver plasma-membrane-associated degradation of labelled insulin and dimers,
      measured by gel filtration, were similar at 37 degrees C. Binding and lipogenesis
      potencies of dimers prepared by substitution of each monomeric half of an
      asymmetrical dimer with desoctapeptide insulin, an almost inactive derivative,
      implicated the B1-cross-linked monomeric half as predominantly interacting with
      the insulin receptor. These results suggest that (1) dimers bind univalently to a
      bivalent insulin-receptor complex, in which the two individual binding subunits
      are arranged with anti-parallel symmetry and (2) the mechanism by which insulin
      binds and initiates its biological responses requires a conformational change
      within the insulin-receptor complex and/or in the insulin molecule for full
      biological expression.

PMID- 6365080
TI  - Regulation of lipogenesis in vivo by glucose availability and insulin secretion
      in maternal and foetal tissues during late gestation in the rat. Effect of
      glucose intubation, streptozotocin-induced diabetes and starvation.
AB  - Administration of an oral load of glucose did not change the rate of lipogenesis
      in maternal liver during late gestation. However, streptozotocin-induced diabetes
      or starvation decreased maternal liver lipogenesis at 20-22 days of gestation.
      Glucose intubation, on the other hand, increased foetal lipogenesis at 21-22
      days. In addition, maternal starvation decreased foetal lipogenesis and plasma
      insulin concentration. However, chronic hyperglycaemia induced by streptozotocin
      administration to the mother did not change foetal liver lipogenesis.

PMID- 6365081
TI  - The relationship between intracellular pH, the pH gradient and potassium
      transport in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The capacity of E. coli cells to regulate intracellular pH (pHi) during net
      potassium uptake has been investigated. The data show: (a) that cells sense their
      intracellular pH; (b) that the pH gradient (delta pH) exerts a feedback
      regulation on pHi; (c) that a mechanism of regulation of pHi exists which may be
      independent of Na+ [Zilberstein, Agmon, Schuldiner & Padan (1982) J. Biol. Chem.
      257, 3687-3691]; and (d) that cells have a limited capacity to raise their
      intracellular pH in the absence of net K+ transport.

PMID- 6365082
TI  - Chemical reactivity of the functional groups of insulin. Concentration-dependence
      studies.
AB  - A modification to the competitive labelling procedure of Duggleby and Kaplan
      [(1975) Biochemistry 14, 5168-5175] was used to study the reactivity of the N
      termini, lysine, histidine and tyrosine groups of insulin over the concentration
      range 1 X 10(-3)-1 X 10(-7)M. Reactions were carried out with acetic anhydride
      and 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in 0.1 M-KCl at 37 degrees C using Pyrex glass,
      Tefzel and polystyrene reaction vessels. At high concentrations all groups had
      either normal or enhanced reactivity but at high dilution the reactivities of all
      functional groups became negligible. This behaviour is attributed to the
      adsorption of insulin to the reaction vessels. The histidine residues show a
      large decrease in reactivity in all reaction vessels in the concentration range 1
      X 10(-3)-1 X 10(-5)M where there are no adsorption effects and where the
      reactivities of all other functional groups are independent of concentration.
      With polystyrene, where adsorption effects become significant only below 1 X 10(
      6)M, the reactivity of the phenylalanine N-terminus also shows a decrease in
      reactivity between 1 X 10(-5) and 1 X 10(-6)M. In 1 M-KCl insulin does not absorb
      to Pyrex glass and under these conditions the histidine reactivity is
      concentration-dependent from 1 X 10(-3) to 5 X 10(-6)M and the B1 phenylalanine
      alpha-amino and the B29 lysine epsilon-amino reactivities from 5 X 10(-6) to 1 X
      10(-7)M, whereas the reactivities of all other groups are constant. These
      alterations in reactivity on dilution are attributed to disruption of dimer-dimer
      interactions for histidine and to monomer-monomer interactions for the
      phenylalanine and lysine amino groups. It is concluded that the monomeric unit of
      insulin has essentially the same conformation in its free and associated states.

PMID- 6365084
TI  - Ionic strength dependence of glucose binding by yeast hexokinase isoenzymes.

PMID- 6365083
TI  - Effects of exogenous amines on mammalian cells, with particular reference to
      membrane flow.
AB  - We have reviewed the evidence that amines accumulate in intracellular vesicles of
      low pH, such as lysosomes and endosomes. There is consequent elevation of
      intravesicular pH, and inhibition of receptor-ligand dissociation often results
      from this pH change. We have argued that the capacity for fusion of such vesicles
      is also reduced by the high pH. We suggest that the variety of effects of amines
      on membrane flow and macromolecular transport we describe are at least partly due
      to such reduced fusion (Figs. 1 and 2). We propose that an internal low pH may
      facilitate heterologous vesicle-vesicle and vesicle-plasma membrane fusion. There
      is some evidence that clathrin can accelerate phospholipid vesicle fusion in
      vitro at low pH (Blumenthal et al., 1983) but no direct evidence on the role of
      intravesicular pH. This idea is consistent not only with the preceding
      discussion, but also with the fact that the intracellular membrane-bound
      compartments least involved in fusion events (e.g. mitochondria) are of neutral
      or alkaline internal pH. Membrane fusion is certainly required for the formation
      of vesicles at the periphery of the Golgi apparatus, and possibly earlier in the
      transport and processing of biosynthetic products in the Golgi (Bergeron et al.,
      1982). Thus the accumulation of amines in the Golgi may be responsible for
      several effects on the flow of macromolecules along their translocation pathways.
      The status of the plasma membrane in this view is complex. It might be argued
      that the pH dictating the fusion step in endocytosis is that of the extracellular
      fluid, in which case the inhibitory effects of amines on this process are not
      explained. However, the rapidity of acidification of the newly formed endocytic
      vesicles allows the possibility that plasma membrane invaginations might
      temporarily sequester areas which are of lower pH than that of the bulk
      extracellular fluid even before fusion, since the proton pumping enzyme(s) are
      probably present on the plasma membrane. Were this the case, then an acid pH
      could again be a factor determining membrane fusion at the plasma membrane. The
      inhibition of endocytosis by weak bases thus may again reflect elevation of pH in
      a sequestered compartment. From the data on the dependence of response on the
      concentration of amines, we anticipate that most responses involving membrane
      flow will be biphasic, with inhibitory effects at low amine concentration, giving
      way to stimulatory ones at higher concentrations. We suggest that the reported
      dichotomy between different amines in intracellular membrane fusion systems
      (D'Arcy Hart, 1982) may result from this concentration dependence.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6365086
TI  - Organization of a multifunctional protein in pyrimidine biosynthesis. A domain
      hypersensitive to proteolysis.
AB  - When the multifunctional protein that catalyses the first three steps of
      pyrimidine biosynthesis in hamster cells is treated with staphylococcal V8
      proteinase, a single cleavage takes place. The activities of carbamoyl-phosphate
      synthetase (EC 6.3.5.5), aspartate carbamoyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.2) and dihydro
      orotase (EC 3.5.2.3) and the allosteric inhibition by UTP are unaffected. One
      fragment, of Mr 182000, has the first and third enzyme activities, whereas the
      other fragment, of Mr 42000, has aspartate carbamoyltransferase activity and an
      aggregation site. A similar small fragment is observed in protein digested with
      low concentrations of trypsin. A similar large fragment is seen after digestion
      with trypsin and as the predominating form of this protein in certain mutants
      defective in pyrimidine biosynthesis. These results indicate that a region
      located adjacent to the aspartate carbamoyltransferase domain is hypersensitive
      to proteinase action in vitro and may also be sensitive to proteolysis in vivo.

PMID- 6365085
TI  - Kinetics of protein modification reactions.

PMID- 6365087
TI  - Purification of human adult and foetal intestinal alkaline phosphatases by
      monoclonal antibody immunoaffinity chromatography.
AB  - We have used the technique of monoclonal antibody immunoaffinity chromatography
      to purify adult and foetal intestinal alkaline phosphatases. Pure adult
      intestinal enzyme was obtained from a crude tissue extract with a single
      immunoaffinity chromatographic step in yields exceeding 95%. An additional ion
      exchange chromatographic step was necessary for purification of the foetal
      enzyme, but yields still exceeded 70%. Experiments to optimize the efficiency of
      the monoclonal antibody immunoaffinity chromatography procedure suggest that the
      relative strength of binding of an antibody to its antigen is the most important
      factor to consider when constructing such columns. A column made from an antibody
      of too low an avidity will not retain the enzyme, while one of too high an
      avidity will make elution of enzyme in the active state difficult. A scheme is
      suggested for the application of this technique to a general approach to enzyme
      purification.

PMID- 6365089
TI  - Comparison of the substrate conformations in the active sites of papain,
      chymopapain, ficin and bromelain by resonance Raman spectroscopy.
AB  - The resonance Raman spectra of several enzyme-substrate intermediates of papain,
      chymopapain, ficin and bromelain are reported. The intermediates are dithioacyl
      enzymes formed during the catalyzed hydrolysis of N-acylglycine thionoester
      substrates. Interpretation of the resonance Raman spectra allows us to compare,
      for the first time, the substrate geometries in a series of functioning
      intermediates from different enzymes. The substrates assume essentially identical
      conformations for papain, chymopapain and ficin and a similar, but not identical,
      conformation in the active site of bromelain. Each dithioacyl enzyme population
      appears to be made up of a single homogeneous conformational state. This state
      has been characterised in earlier studies of dithioacyl papains. It is designated
      as conformer B and is characterized by an attractive contact between the
      substrate's glycinic N atom and the active site cysteine S atom. It is now
      apparent that conformer B is of general significance in the mechanism of cysteine
      proteases.

PMID- 6365088
TI  - Ethanol modulation of the hormonal and nutritional regulation of glucose 6
      phosphate dehydrogenase activity in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes.
AB  - The hormonal and nutritional regulation of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      (G6PDH; EC 1.1.1.49) was studied in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes
      maintained in a chemically defined medium. Inoculation of hepatocytes from
      starved rats into primary cultures resulted in a 4-5-fold increase in G6PDH
      activity in 48 h in the absence of hormones. Parallel cultures treated
      simultaneously with glucocorticoids and insulin exhibited a 12-15-fold increase
      during the same time. Glucocorticoids by themselves did not elevate G6PDH
      activity, whereas insulin alone significantly stimulated enzyme activity. Thus
      the glucocorticoids acted in a 'permissive' role to amplify the insulin
      stimulation of G6PDH. Elevated concentrations of glucose in the culture medium
      increased enzyme activity in both the control cultures and those treated with
      hormones. Ethanol was found to potentiate G6PDH activity in cultures treated with
      glucocorticoids and insulin. The effect of ethanol was time- and dose-dependent.
      These results establish that insulin, glucocorticoids, glucose and ethanol
      interact in some undefined manner to regulate hepatic G6PDH activity.

PMID- 6365091
TI  - Agonist specific desensitization of leukotriene C4-stimulated PGI2 biosynthesis
      in human endothelial cells.
AB  - Leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and, to a lesser extent, leukotriene D4 (LTD4)
      concentration dependently stimulate prostacyclin (PGI2) biosynthesis in cultured
      human umbilical vein endothelial cells. PGI2 biosynthesis was quantitated by
      radioimmunoassay and its structure confirmed by gas chromatography/mass
      spectrometry. Preincubation of endothelial cells with LTC4 resulted in
      desensitization to subsequent LTC4 stimulation. However, PGI2 biosynthesis in
      response to thrombin, PGH2 and arachidonic acid was not inhibited by
      preincubation with LTC4. The C-6-sulfidopeptide leukotriene receptor level
      antagonist FPL-55712 attenuates LTC4, but not thrombin-stimulated PGI2
      biosynthesis. These data suggest that human umbilical vein endothelial cells have
      a C-6-sulfidopeptide leukotriene receptor, and that stimulation of this receptor
      results in PGI2 biosynthesis.

PMID- 6365090
TI  - Insulin stimulates phosphorylation of a heat-stable protein in rat adipose
      tissue.
AB  - Insulin in rat adipose tissue acts to increase the phosphorylation about 2.5-fold
      of a low molecular weight protein in the cytosol designated phosphoprotein m.
      Isoproterenol had no effect on the phosphorylation of phosphoprotein m. Some of
      the properties of phosphoprotein m are: soluble in 1% trichloro acetic acid, heat
      stable and has a molecular weight of 23,000 on polyacrylamide gels in the
      presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Phosphoserine and phosphothreonine are the
      phosphorylated amino acid residues of phosphoprotein m. The physical and chemical
      properties of phosphoprotein m are similar to those of previously described
      inhibitor and modulator proteins.

PMID- 6365092
TI  - The human hypothalamic LHRH precursor is the same size as that in rat and mouse
      hypothalamus.
AB  - The synthesis of the decapeptide luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) in
      human, rat and mouse brain has been investigated by studying the in vitro
      translation products of Poly A+ mRNA extracts from the hypothalamus. The
      translation products of all three species contained a single 28000 MW polypeptide
      which immunoprecipitated with a specific anti-LHRH serum. This polypeptide was
      not present in the translation products of Poly A+ mRNA extracts from the
      hypothalamus of the hypogonadal mouse, a mutant strain totally deficient in LHRH.
      These results show that in the human, rat and normal mouse, LHRH is synthesized
      as a component of a precursor peptide with a molecular weight of 28000.

PMID- 6365093
TI  - Enzymatically generated electronically excited molecules induce transformation of
      4-thiouridine to uridine.
AB  - Oxidation of 4-thiouridine-5'-monophosphate in t-RNA, from E. coli, by singlet
      oxygen generated via self-sensitization, photosensitization or by energy transfer
      from bioenergized systems yields uridine-5'-monophosphate. Studies with
      absorption, fluorescence and circular dichroism techniques showed similar
      interactions between singlet oxygen and the nucleotide in t-RNA generated by
      either optical or enzymatic systems. Protection by histidine and an enhancement
      of the photodegradation in the presence of D2O corroborates the important role of
      singlet oxygen in these processes.

PMID- 6365094
TI  - Human cystatin, a new protein inhibitor of cysteine proteinases.
AB  - A new low-molecular weight protein inhibitor of cysteine proteinases, human
      cystatin, was isolated from sera of patients with autoimmune diseases. It
      inhibits papain, human cathepsin H and cathepsin B. According to its partially
      determined amino-acid sequence, human cystatin is highly homologous to egg white
      cystatin, but only distantly related to stefin, the cytosolic protein inhibitor
      of cysteine proteinases isolated from human polymorphonuclear granulocytes. Very
      probably human cystatin is identical with human gamma-trace, a microprotein of
      known sequence but hitherto unknown function.

PMID- 6365095
TI  - Regulation of alternative pathways of glucose metabolism in rat heart in alloxan
      diabetes: changes in the pentose phosphate pathway.
AB  - The flux of glucose through the pentose phosphate pathway, important in relation
      to the provision of ribose 5-phosphate for nucleotide and RNA synthesis, was
      decreased by 70% in the diabetic rat heart in parallel with a similar decreased
      flux through the glycolytic route. A common factor linking the decreased flux
      through these alternative routes is the known fall in cardiac hexokinase; in
      these experiments there is a 50% decrease in Type II hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1.) in
      both soluble and particulate fractions. The level of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, a
      regulator of phosphofructokinase activity, is decreased by 20% in the alloxan
      diabetic rat heart, this may be a significant additional factor in the marked
      decrease in the flux of glucose through the glycolytic route in the myocardium in
      diabetes.

PMID- 6365096
TI  - Separation of cytidine diphosphate reductase from rat Yoshida ascites sarcoma.
AB  - CDP reductase was separated from the cytosol of rat Yoshida ascites sarcoma. The
      precipitate, which resulted from the acidification of the cytosol by acetic acid
      at pH 5.2, catalyzed specifically the reduction of CDP, whereas the concurrently
      resulted supernatant catalyzed those of UDP, ADP and GDP. The CDP reductase
      showed a single peak in the pattern of the enzyme activity in DEAE-cellulose and
      also in Sepharose 4B column chromatography with adequate recovery of the
      activity.

PMID- 6365097
TI  - Erroneous synthesis of ribosomal proteins in amino acid starved E. coli.
AB  - The effect of amino acid starvation on the accuracy of translation of ribosomal
      proteins was analyzed in a stringent (relA+)/relaxed (relA) pair of E. coli
      strains. The degree of misreading was estimated from the amount of cysteine
      erroneously incorporated into individual proteins during arginine starvation of
      bacteria. Illegitimate incorporation of cysteine was found to occur to a
      significant extent in several proteins from both the small and the large subunits
      of ribosomes, in either type of strain.

PMID- 6365098
TI  - Reversion of the effects of a threonine deaminase regulatory mutant by a mutation
      in ilvH in Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - In a strain carrying an ilvA538 mutation, the ilvGEDA operon expression is
      decreased (hyperattenuated) and the activity and/or expression of isoleucyl- and
      valyl- tRNA synthetases is decreased. We have isolated two revertants of ilvA538
      owing to mutations in the ilvH gene, whose product is acetohydroxy acid synthase
      III. The regulatory properties of these revertants are consistent with a dual
      role for threonine deaminase as an effector of the ilvGEDA operon and the
      isoleucyl- and valyl- tRNA synthetase structural genes.

PMID- 6365099
TI  - Modulation of prostacyclin synthetase and unmasking of PGE2 isomerase in bovine
      coronary arterial microsomes.
AB  - Prostacyclin (PGI2), a major product of prostaglandin endoperoxide (PGH2)
      metabolism in blood vessels, has potent vasodilator and platelet activity.
      Therefore, modulation of PGI2 synthetase activity is of prime physiological
      importance in the regulation of blood vessel function. In this study, PGI2
      synthetase activity of bovine coronary arterial microsomes could be altered over
      a 2-3 fold range by GSH or dithiothreitol in a concentration-dependent manner and
      over a microsomal protein range of 10-200 micrograms. Modulation of coronary
      artery PGI2 synthetase activity was also seen in vessels from sheep, dog and man.
      These data suggest that coronary artery PGI2 synthetase activity is unusually
      sensitive to the redox state or sulfhydryl oxidation of the enzyme. The present
      data also unmask an active PGE2 isomerase, previously reported to be absent in
      bovine coronary arterial microsomes.

PMID- 6365100
TI  - Long-term inhibition of ovulation by a GnRH-antagonist at low dose level.
AB  - Ac-D-Trp1,3, D-Cpa2, D-Lys6, D-Ala10-GnRH has been prepared by solid phase
      synthesis. The peptide was found to completely inhibit ovulation when
      administered on proestrus day in a dose of 1.5 microgram/rat, s.c. The peptide
      completely inhibited ovulation for a period corresponding to three to four cycles
      when administered daily in a dose of 5 micrograms/rat, s.c. and caused 70%
      inhibition of ovulation in a dose of 3 micrograms/rat.

PMID- 6365101
TI  - Post-irradiation inactivation of the sulfhydryl enzyme malate synthase.
AB  - The sulfhydryl enzyme malate synthase was inactivated in air-saturated aqueous
      solution by X-irradiation (2 kGy). Changes of activity were registered up to 60 h
      after irradiation. Effects of specific additives (formate, superoxide dismutase,
      catalase), added before and/or after irradiation, revealed the role of the
      deleterious radical and non-radical species responsible for the radiation damage:
      inactivation during irradiation is mainly due to the action of OH, to a minor
      extent to O(2) and H2O2; post-irradiation inactivation is mainly caused by H2O2.
      A partial restoration of enzyme activity by dithiothreitol, added after
      irradiation, was found for all systems investigated; repairs were significant
      even when they were initiated 60 h after irradiation.

PMID- 6365102
TI  - Treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon with ketanserin, a selective antagonist of the
      serotonin2 (5-HT2) receptor.
AB  - Ketanserin, a selective antagonist of the 5-HT2 receptor, was evaluated in a 4
      week open pilot trial of 30 patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. Moderate or
      marked relief was reported in 15 of 18 (83%) patients with systemic sclerosis,
      whereas only 4 of 12 (33%) patients with Raynaud's phenomenon of other etiology
      received such benefit (P less than 0.01). These subjective ratings were supported
      by the results of serial digital strain gauge plethysmography during controlled
      cold challenge. Additional clinical findings suggested that ketanserin therapy
      facilitated the healing of ischemic digital ulcerations and reduced hand edema in
      patients with systemic sclerosis. These findings lend support to the hypothesis
      that serotonin is an important element in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis.

PMID- 6365103
TI  - Rheumatoid chyliform bursitis: pathogenetic role of rheumatoid nodules.

PMID- 6365104
TI  - A comparative study of the bronchospasmolytic effect of tulobuterol and fenoterol
      in patients suffering from a reversible bronchial obstruction.
AB  - The bronchospasmolytic effect of a single oral dose of 2.5 mg tulobuterol was
      compared with that of 2.5 mg fenoterol in a double-blind study in patients with
      reversible bronchial obstruction. The effects of tulobuterol were more quickly
      observed and were, in general, more advantageous. However, only at 120 min after
      administration of the drugs the difference showed a statistical trend (p less
      than 0.1). Unwanted effects from both drugs were comparable.

PMID- 6365106
TI  - Correlation of the extent of coronary occlusion with Apo B levels. Application of
      a new enzyme immunoassay technique for Apo B.
AB  - A new rapid and sensitive method for measurement of apolipoprotein B (Apo B) in
      plasma has been developed. This method, based on a Competitive Enzyme-Linked
      Immunoassay (CELIA), has been used to study the association between the extent of
      coronary artery occlusion as measured by coronary arteriography and the levels of
      plasma Apo B. The correlation between Apo B levels and some other plasma lipids
      was also determined. Significant relationship was found between the extent of
      coronary artery occlusion and Apo B, as well as between Apo B and plasma total
      cholesterol and plasma triglyceride levels.

PMID- 6365105
TI  - Clofibrate and tiadenol treatment in hyperlipoproteinemias. A comparative trial
      of drugs affecting lipoprotein catabolism and biosynthesis.
AB  - Changes in plasma lipoprotein levels and platelet reactivity were evaluated
      during sequential treatments with clofibrate and tiadenol, two hypolipidemic
      agents with apparently different mechanisms, in 27 hyperlipoproteinemic patients.
      The objective of the study was to determine the pattern of plasma lipoprotein
      variations, induced by a drug mainly affecting lipoprotein catabolism
      (clofibrate) and by a drug affecting biosynthesis (tiadenol), and to single out
      patients specifically responding to either treatment. Both drugs proved
      significantly active in type IIA and IV hyperlipoproteinemias, not in type IIB.
      Clofibrate significantly lowered very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) associated
      cholesterol in all three hyperlipoproteinemia phenotypes, and it also lowered
      VLDL triglycerides in type IV, while increasing high density lipoprotein (HDL)
      cholesterol in type IIA patients. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol
      levels were minimally reduced by clofibrate in type IIA (-4%), and increased in
      types IIB (+ 14.2%) and IV (+ 6.1%) patients. Conversely, tiadenol lowered VLDL
      cholesterol and triglycerides to a lesser extent, but it did significantly reduce
      LDL cholesterolemia in type IIA (-17.6%), while increasing HDL cholesterol in
      type IIB. Statistical evaluation of the results did not permit identification of
      parameters associated with the response to either drug, although individuals
      specifically responding to one or the other agent, or to both, were detected in
      all three phenotypes. The sensitivity to the major platelet aggregating factors,
      ADP, adrenaline and collagen, was not significantly altered after drug
      treatments. Evaluation of the hypolipidemic response to agents with different
      mechanisms may be of help in selecting the best treatment for individual
      patients.

PMID- 6365107
TI  - Controlled evaluation of pantethine, a natural hypolipidemic compound, in
      patients with different forms of hyperlipoproteinemia.
AB  - Pantethine (P), the stable disulphate form of pantetheine, major component and
      precursor of coenzyme A, was evaluated within a double-blind protocol (8 weeks
      for P or for a corresponding placebo) in 29 patients, 11 with type IIB
      hyperlipoproteinemia, 15 with type IV, and 3 with an isolated reduction of high
      density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. In type IIB patients, P (300 mg
      t.i.d.) determined a highly significant lowering of plasma total and low density
      lipoprotein (LDL) associated cholesterol (-13.5% for both parameters). In the
      same patients, HDL-C levels increased about 10% at the end of treatment.
      Switching from P to placebo was associated with a rapid return to the baseline
      cholesterolemia. Both in type IIB and type IV patients, plasma triglyceride
      levels were reduced around 30%, when P was given as the first treatment; when it
      was preceded by placebo, reductions were less striking (respectively, -17.8% for
      type IIB and -13.0% for type IV, at the end of P treatment). HDL-C levels were
      not increased by P, either in type IV, and in the patients with low HDL
      cholesterolemia. In type IV, LDL cholesterol levels showed a variable response to
      P: they tended to increase when below 132 mg/dl, prior to treatment, and to be
      reduced when above this level. This study provides evidence for a significant
      hypocholesterolemic effect of P, a natural compound free of overt side effects.
      It also indicates that P may raise HDL-C levels in type IIB patients, while
      moderately reducing triglyceridemia.

PMID- 6365108
TI  - [Reactive hyperplasia and pseudo-lymphomas with hypergammaglobulinemia. I. Benign
      lymphadenopathies].
AB  - The association of adenopathies, having sometimes a tumoral aspect, and a
      polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia in the blood can be observed in various
      illnesses. In all these diseases the increase in the volume of the lymph nodes is
      partly due to the hyperplasia of the lymphoid B regions. Lymph node biopsy allows
      a precise diagnosis to be made, providing a thorough analytical study of the
      histopathological lesions is performed. In this first part, the histopathological
      lesions of benign lymphadenitis, having a pseudo-tumoral aspect from a clinical
      view, are described. The following are thus successively studied: sarcoidosis;
      acquired toxoplasmosis; the various aspects which can be attributed to infectious
      mononucleosis; vaccinal reactions; the Destombes-Rosai-Dorfman syndrome or
      massive lymphadenopathy by sinusal histiocytosis with hemophagocytosis;
      angiofollicular lymphoid hyperplasia or pseudo-tumour of Castleman; angio
      follicular and plasmocytic polyadenopathy; the adenopathies of collagenosis and
      those due to protein deposits. For each disease, the morphological data are
      discussed and compared to clinical state and biological modifications.

PMID- 6365109
TI  - [The place of anatomo-pathological study in the diagnosis of enterocolitis
      complicated by Yersinia pseudo-tuberculosis].
AB  - Over a period of 3 months, 3 patients were operated on for subacute
      enterocolitis. The first case was a 3 years old boy with a transverse colonic
      perforation near the right angle and gross lymphadenopathy. The second case was a
      21 years old man who had subacute terminal ileitis. Histopathological study
      showed specific lesions in those two cases: ovoid or starry abscesses with
      preepithelioid cells, rare giant Langhans cells, rare altered polynuclear cells
      in necrosis, massive lymphoid hyperplasia. The third case was a 27 years woman
      with mild appendicitis showing masses of bacteria in the wall of appendix,
      surrounded by lymphocytes without polynuclear. Serological study showed anti YPST
      agglutinins significantly modified in all 3 cases. In the absence of
      bacteriological study, the role of pathological findings is discussed.

PMID- 6365110
TI  - [Malacoplakia in a rectal adenocarcinoma. Review of the literature. Apropos of a
      case].
AB  - Malakoplakia is a rare granulomatous lesion involving rarely organs other than
      the urinary bladder. 39 cases of colo-rectal Malakoplakia have been published. 12
      of them are associated with a colo-rectal tumor. The authors report in this paper
      a new case of rectal Malakoplakia associated with an adenocarcinoma. An
      ultrastructural study show septate junctions between the phagolysosomes. This
      very rare feature and the physiopathology of the association Malakoplakia
      adenocarcinoma are discussed.

PMID- 6365111
TI  - Brain death: cerebral dynamic study (99mTc DTPA).

PMID- 6365112
TI  - Pancreas transplantation--effect on secondary complications of diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6365113
TI  - [Practical use of pulmonary function tests. 3].

PMID- 6365114
TI  - Hyperinsulinemia in rats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions: role of
      hyperphagia.
AB  - The relation of hyperinsulinemia to hyperphagia was examined in rats with lesions
      of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). Plasma insulin and glucose levels were
      assayed after a 4-hr fast and 17 min after the initiation of a meal (6 ml of
      sweetened milk in 7 min) in animals with sham lesions, VMH animals maintained at
      preoperative body weight by food restriction, and VMH animals fed ad lib. Both
      VMH groups displayed basal and postabsorptive hyperinsulinemia, compared with the
      sham-operated control group, but insulin levels were greatest under the ad lib
      feeding condition. It is suggested that VMH hyperinsulinemia is due both to a
      primary effect of the lesion and to hyperphagia and that marked obesity can
      result in the absence of basal hyperinsulinemia as a result of hyperphagia with
      consequent postabsorptive hyperinsulinemia.

PMID- 6365115
TI  - [Comparative study of the antipyretic activity of suprofen].

PMID- 6365116
TI  - [Changes in HDL subfractions in patients with type I diabetes mellitus before and
      after metabolic control].
AB  - In order to further investigate the behaviour of high density lipoproteins in
      diabetes mellitus, we studied HDL subclasses, HDL2 and HDL3, in 10 patients with
      newly detected, untreated insulin-deficient diabetes before starting insulin
      treatment and after getting a good metabolic control. We used the extractive
      method of Abell to determine HDL-cholesterol after LDL and VLDL precipitation
      with polyanions and HDL3-cholesterol after HDL2 precipitation with
      dextransulphate 15,000 m.w. After insulin therapy, we observed a significant
      increase in HDL-cholesterol and a decrease in serum triglycerides. Only HDL2
      cholesterol, but not HDL3-cholesterol, raised; moreover, we found a significant
      inverse relationship between HDL-cholesterol (and also HDL2-cholesterol) and
      triglycerides. So, we think that an increase of lipoprotein lipase activity,
      owing to insulin treatment, could account for our results.

PMID- 6365117
TI  - [Estrus induction in the goat after pulsatile administration of LHFSHRH].
AB  - In this experiment we used nine goats to which we administered GnRH in fractioned
      doses at a pulse like rhythm in order to obtain follicular growth and oestrus.
      The average length of treatment was 5.5 days; the animals were injected with a
      daily amount of 0.05 mg of GnRH subdivided in three doses (0.017 mg each). All
      the 9 experimental goats came into oestrus and became pregnant. The GnRH
      treatment in fractioned and repeated daily doses proves a valid method to induce
      follicular growth and ovulation in anoestrus goats.

PMID- 6365118
TI  - [Effect of insulin on brain pyruvate dehydrogenase in the rat. (Preliminary
      note)].
AB  - The activity of both active and total pyruvate dehydrogenase (E.C.1.2.4.1) is
      substantially reduced in the rat brain 24h after alloxan administration. Effects
      are partially removed by insulin administration. Ca++ and Mg++ produce: a) a
      considerable conversion of the inactive form of pyruvate dehydrogenase into its
      active form in a preparation from the brain of normal rats and of rats treated
      with insulin; b) no conversion in a preparation from the brain of rats treated
      with alloxan; c) some conversion in a preparation from the brain of rats treated
      with both alloxan and insulin. Active and total pyruvate dehydrogenase from the
      brain of rats treated with alloxan are activated by a preparation obtained from a
      mixture of entire plasma membranes-mitochondria from normal and from alloxan
      treated rats, or from insulin-treated and alloxan treated rats. The oxygen
      uptake, the respiratory control index and the ADP/O ratio in mitochondrial
      preparations obtained from the brain of rats treated with alloxan show no
      modification at all.

PMID- 6365119
TI  - [In vitro activity of beta-lactam antibiotics and their sensitivity to beta
      lactamase].
AB  - beta-lactamase production was evaluated by chromogenic cephalosporin 87/312 in
      116 E. coli isolated from clinical sources. Such test revealed beta-lactamase
      production in 54 strains out of 116 (46%): MICs of eight beta-lactam antibiotics
      (Ampicillin, Piperacillin, Cefazoline, Cephaloridine, Cephalexine, Cefuroxime,
      Cefotaxime, Cefotaxime) were determined using a miniaturized dilution broth
      method. Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxome and Ceftriaxone showed the highest
      antibacterial activity. All beta-lactamases produced by E. coli strains under
      examination were isolated and purified by ultrasonic disruption and high speed
      centrifugation. Sensitivity of the eight antibiotics to purified beta-lactamases
      was assessed by a spectrophotometric method that utilizes the velocity of
      cytochrome c reduction. The sensitivity to beta-lactamases was reflected in the
      in vitro activity of the antibiotics as assessed by the determination of the
      MICs.

PMID- 6365120
TI  - [Sensitivity of bacteria exposed to subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics
      to the action of serum and liver phagocytes].
AB  - Incubation of E.coli and S. aureus with subinhibitory concentration (1/5 MIC) of
      cefamandole modified bacterial morphology and resistance to host defence
      mechanisms. In fact, cefamandole induced filamentous forms of E. coli, when added
      to the perfusing medium of the isolated rat liver system, were phagocytized at a
      much fortes rate then control bacteria, but appeared less sensitive to serum
      bactericidal activity. In contrast, S.aureus, after exposure to the antibiotic,
      was more sensitive to the bactericidal activity of serum then controls, while
      treated and untreated cells were phagocytized at the some rate. The data suggest
      that even at low doses some antibiotics may alter bacterial structure and
      increase their susceptibility to host factors.

PMID- 6365122
TI  - Nursing staff turnover, stress, and satisfaction: models, measures, and
      management.

PMID- 6365121
TI  - Nursing research on death, dying, and terminal illness: development, present
      state, and prospects.

PMID- 6365123
TI  - Dentists in the rare books. Joseph Audibran and incorruptible artificial teeth.

PMID- 6365124
TI  - Periodontitis in the United Kingdom. A literature review.

PMID- 6365125
TI  - A study of some factors affecting the surface properties of dental stone.

PMID- 6365126
TI  - Assessment of a bur designed for the removal of metal restorations.

PMID- 6365127
TI  - A coming of age. The British Endodontic Society.

PMID- 6365128
TI  - The elimination of breakages in upper dentures by reinforcement with carbon
      fibre.

PMID- 6365129
TI  - Improved bonding of composite restorative to dentine. A study in vitro of the use
      of a commercial halogenated phosphate ester.

PMID- 6365130
TI  - Tumour and cellular localization by use of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies
      to placental alkaline phosphatase.
AB  - Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against placental alkaline phosphatase
      (PLAP) were evaluated for tumour immunolocalization of human PLAP-producing Hep 2
      tumours in nude mice. The antibodies were labelled with 125I and injected i.p. in
      mice with developing Hep 2 tumours. The distribution of 125I-anti PLAP in various
      tissues showed that the labelled antibody was enriched in the tumour, the mean
      concentration ratio being 7.1 and 6.8 for polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies,
      respectively. A PLAP negative tumour (RD) showed a mean ratio of 1.2. There was a
      positive correlation between PLAP content and uptake of labelled antibody in the
      tumours. Hep 2 tumour cells in tissue culture showed 100% positivity for PLAP,
      while imprints of the tumour after passage in nude mice showed 40-50% positivity.
      PLAP offers potential as a useful marker for localizing tumours in humans.

PMID- 6365131
TI  - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) expression and heterogeneity in primary and
      autologous metastatic gastric tumours demonstrated by a monoclonal antibody.
AB  - The expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in gastric malignancies has been
      assessed using a monoclonal antibody in an immunoperoxidase technique. Of 119
      primary tumours examined, 92% reacted with the antibody. Metastases were
      available for 81 of the patients and 83% were CEA positive. A noteworthy
      observation was the detection of malignant cells in the lymph nodes of two
      patients, as a result of the presence of CEA, who were originally reported to be
      free of metastases. Of those patients whose primary tumours expressed CEA, 86%
      had at least one CEA positive metastasis. Two or more metastases were available
      from 60 of the patients and in 20% the secondaries were a mixture of positive and
      negative for CEA. Consequently, the CEA status of a single lesion does not enable
      confident prediction of expression in other metastases. In addition to variation
      between multiple lesions removed from the same patient phenotypic diversity of
      expression was observed between tumour cells of a given mass. Such distribution
      of the CEA detected by this monoclonal antibody may impose certain restrictions
      on its application. However, the high frequency of expression by gastric cancers
      indicate that it is a potentially useful antigen as a target for
      radiolocalisation or therapeutic agents.

PMID- 6365132
TI  - Characterisation of breast cancer infiltrates using monoclonal antibodies to
      human leucocyte antigens.
AB  - Serial frozen sections from eleven patients with malignant breast tumours and
      five patients with benign disease were studied by indirect immunoperoxidase using
      a panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies to human leucocyte antigens. More
      infiltrating leucocytes were seen in tumour sections than those of benign
      conditions. A considerable proportion of the infiltrating cells were T cells, and
      more of these were of the suppressor/cytotoxic subset than the helper/inducer
      subset. The T cells were apparently not all activated as indicated by lower
      levels of staining with anti HLA-DR than anti-leucocyte antibody. Diffuse
      staining was sometimes seen with HLA-DR and T cell subset antibodies. Tumour
      cells did not stain or were only very weakly positive with anti HLA-A, B, C.

PMID- 6365133
TI  - Expression of major histocompatibility antigens and leucocyte infiltration in
      benign and malignant human breast disease.
AB  - The reactivity of murine monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) directed against the
      monomorphic determinants of Class I and Class II antigens of the major
      histocompatibility complex (MHC), and against antigens expressed by discrete
      populations of leucocytes was studied using the indirect immunoperoxidase
      technique on serial tissue sections of 16 benign and 17 malignant primary human
      breast tumours. Class I antigens (detected by the McAb 2A1) were consistently
      associated with stromal leucocytes, fibroblasts and vascular endothelium, but
      expression on epithelial cells particularly of malignant provenance, was more
      variable. Class II antigens (detected by TDR 31.1) were present upon a variety of
      cell types which also included sporadic expression on malignant and benign
      epithelia. The distribution of leucocytes grossly monitored with 2D1 (reactive
      with a common leucocyte antigen) was largely interepithelial and periductal in
      benign lesions. Leucocytes were generally more numerous in malignant tumours,
      where they were largely confined to the stroma. The majority (approximately 75%)
      of leucocytes were T lymphocytes (reactive with UCHT1), some of which appeared to
      react with TDR 31.1 and were therefore activated. Ratios of helper/inducer
      (OKT4+) and suppressor/cytotoxic (OKT8+) subsets generally exceeded unity in
      malignant neoplasms. There was no correlation between the extent and distribution
      of T cells and the HLA status of the epithelial cells. Leucocytes detected by the
      monoclonal antibody OKM1 which reacts with monocytes/macrophages, granulocytes
      and large granular lymphocytes were numerically few and again mainly confined to
      the stroma. In a limited number of tests, leucocytes detected with HNKl, reactive
      with a differentiation antigen expressed on some cells which mediate natural and
      antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in vitro although detectable
      interepithelially in benign tumours, were virtually absent from malignant tissue.
      HNK1 also cross-reacted with myoepithelial cells in the ducts of benign lesions.

PMID- 6365134
TI  - Indications for an inducible component of error-prone DNA repair in yeast.
AB  - In a thermoconditional mutant of mutagenic DNA repair (rev 2ts = rad 5-8) of
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae recovery of survival and mutation frequencies can be
      monitored by incubating UV-irradiated cells in growth medium at a permissive
      temperature (23 degrees C) before plating and a shift to restrictive temperature
      (36 degrees C). Inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide during
      incubation at permissive conditions blocks this REV 2 dependent recovery process
      in stationary phase rev 2ts cells, whereas it can be reduced but not totally
      abolished in exponentially growing cells. These results indicate a strict
      dependence on post-irradiation protein synthesis in stationary phase cells and
      argue for a considerable constitutive level and only limited inducibility in
      logarithmic phase cells. The UV inducibility of the REV 2 coded function in
      stationary phase cells could be confirmed by analysis of the dose-response
      pattern of the his 5-2 reversion: in stationary phase rev 2ts cells, the
      quadratic component of the biphasic linear-quadratic induction kinetics found at
      23 degrees C, which is interpreted as the consequence of induction of mutagenic
      repair, is eliminated at 36 degrees C.

PMID- 6365135
TI  - Repair of membrane damage in X-irradiated E. coli.
AB  - When E. coli B/r or E. coli K12 AB1157 were X-irradiated in the presence of
      oxygen and incubated immediately after irradiation in broth containing penicillin
      in concentration that on its own was not lethal to unirradiated bacteria,
      substantial additional killing was caused. When treatment with penicillin was
      delayed for increasing times after irradiation the additional killing became
      progressively less. These results were interpreted as demonstrating the repair or
      removal of oxygen-dependent radiation-induced lesions in the bacterial membranes.
      Removal of these lesions was inhibited by incubation of the irradiated bacteria
      at low temperature before treatment with penicillin or by exposing the cells to a
      non-lethal concentration of toluene before irradiation. These observations
      suggest that an enzymatic repair process may be involved in the removal of the
      membrane lesions. The fatty acid mutant E. coli K 1060 proved exceptional in that
      some additional killing by penicillin was detectable after anaerobic as well as
      aerobic irradiation. This points to the importance of membrane composition in the
      development of those radiation lesions that are brought to light by penicillin
      treatment.

PMID- 6365136
TI  - Implications of repair models for LET effects and other radiobiological
      phenomena.
AB  - Repair models account for shoulders to survival curves by the postulate of a mode
      of repair which is depleted ("saturated") as dose increases, and which should
      therefore be distinguished, conceptually and linguistically, from what is
      commonly known as "repair of potentially lethal damage". Acceptance of repair
      models entails new interpretations of some radiobiological phenomena. "Recovery"
      of cells between dose fractions would be attributable to reconstitution or
      resynthesis of the putative agent of repair, so elucidation of the mechanism of
      such "recovery" requires a different approach from any that have been used in
      attempts to discover the nature of "sub-lethal lesions" or the mechanism of their
      repair--attempts that have not been attended by success. Even mammalian cells can
      yield exponential survival curves; but this fact has been ignored in some
      proposals for mechanisms of radiation-induced cell killing, and in "theories of
      RBE" based on multi-sublethal lesion models for shouldered survival curves.
      According to repair models, however, cells in general are basically single-hit
      detectors. Comparisons between the responses of repair-proficient cells and their
      deficient mutants to change in radiation quality support the hypothesis that
      increases in RBE are attributable to reduced capacity for some mode(s) of repair
      as LET increases; but there is evidence that some capacity remains, even at very
      high values of LET.

PMID- 6365137
TI  - Recovery after exposure to high LET-radiation.
AB  - In many cellular systems the shape of survival curves is changed from a sigmoidal
      to a purely exponential type if the LET of the radiation is increased. This is
      often explained by the hypothesis that repair mechanisms are less effective or
      non-functional with lesions generated by densely ionizing radiation. The absence
      of split-dose sparing and/or recovery from potentially lethal damage is then
      taken as further support. A careful consideration has to take into account,
      however, that with particle exposure the pattern of energy deposition varies
      considerably within a cell population and that the actual distribution depends
      also on cell geometry. If one accepts the view that with low-LET radiations
      repair may be saturated at high dose, the survival curve shape characteristic of
      high LET may be explained by the assumption that in this case saturation may
      occur due to the energy deposited by one or few heavy charged particles. The
      absence of recovery would then be due to microdosimetric parameters rather than
      to the nature or pattern of the primary molecular lesions. This alternative can
      be tested quantitatively by comparative analysis of the survival behaviour of
      different cellular systems exposed to radiations of varying LET. Our experiments
      with yeast strains of different sensitivities show that recovery from potentially
      lethal damage can be demonstrated even after exposure to uranium ions.
      Quantitative analysis leads to the conclusion that the apparent reduction in the
      extent of recovery is mostly due to saturation at the cellular level rather than
      to non-reparability of the primary lesions or to destruction of the repair
      system.

PMID- 6365138
TI  - Recovery from transcription inhibition in irradiated yeast cells.
AB  - Repair process operating on radiation damaged DNA may be investigated by studying
      its functional integrity, e.g. its ability to serve as template for
      transcription. We measured the synthesis of ribosomal RNA and of the inducible
      enzyme arginase in yeast cells and followed their recovery after X-ray, alpha
      particle and heavy ion exposure. Transcription inhibiting lesions formed upon X
      irradiation in yeast cells are repaired during post-exposure incubation ("liquid
      holding"). The inactivation curves are strictly exponential immediately after
      irradiation. After the "liquid holding" treatment the inactivation curves are
      still exponential but with a progressive decrease of the slopes as a function of
      incubation time. This indicates that a constant fraction of the lesions is
      repaired per time interval. But even after long incubation times (24 h) there is
      still a sizeable unrepaired fraction. Comparing different yeast strains and
      different irradiation temperatures recovery can also be demonstrated in cells
      exposed to alpha-particles. In addition, recovery is detected by the arginase
      assay after irradiation of yeast with very heavy charged particles, e.g. titanium
      ions.

PMID- 6365139
TI  - Repair of DNA double-strand breaks as a determinant of RBE of alpha particles.
AB  - The role of repair of DNA double-strand breaks (dsb) in the determination of the
      RBE-value of alpha particles was studied using the temperature conditional
      radiosensitive diploid yeast mutant rad 54-3. This mutant is proficient in the
      repair of dsb at the permissive temperature of 23 degrees C at which it yields a
      shouldered survival curve, but it is dsb repair-deficient at the restrictive
      temperature of 36 degrees C at which it yields an exponential survival curve. At
      the permissive temperature the rad 54-3 mutant also shows liquid holding recovery
      of colony forming ability as a function of the liquid holding period. Thus, with
      this mutant it is possible to obtain survival curves involving no repair of dsb
      (immediate plating, 36 degrees C), partial repair of dsb (immediate plating, 23
      degrees C) and gradually increasing levels of dsb repair by delayed plating after
      liquid holding periods of 24, 48 and 72 h. The RBE-values of densely ionizing 3.5
      MeV alpha particles for cell killing relative to sparsely ionizing 30 MeV
      electrons have been determined as a function of the level of dsb repair. It is
      shown that the RBE-value is low and independent of dose when no repair of dsb is
      involved, whereas it becomes gradually larger with a gradual increase in the
      level of dsb repair.

PMID- 6365140
TI  - Interpretation of the shape of survival curves in terms of induction and
      repair/misrepair of DNA double-strand breaks.
AB  - Evidence is presented that in yeast cells one DNA double-strand break (dsb) may
      be considered as one potentially lethal lesion (PLL). Using a temperature
      conditional radiosensitive diploid yeast mutant (rad 54-3) it is demonstrated
      that the shoulder of survival curves, for cells plated immediately, is due to
      repair of dsb (PLL) within a restricted time period. Split dose experiments with
      the mutant rad 54-3 show that the reappearance of a shoulder is observed when two
      conditions are met: (1) repair of dsb (PLL) during the time interval between
      doses and (2) repair of mainly those dsb (PLL) which are induced by the second
      dose on the nutrient agar plate. Irradiation of wild type yeast cells at high
      dose rate followed by liquid holding treatment for 72 h (delayed plating, DP) or
      at low dose rate show that the bending of DP-survival curves is due to the
      accumulation of dsb (PLL) leading to lethal lesions probably by misrepair of dsb.

PMID- 6365142
TI  - The role of muramyl dipeptide in the therapy of established experimental
      bacterial infection.
AB  - Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) actively potentiates host defences and confers protection
      when given before a bacterial challenge. Experiments were undertaken to
      characterize its actions when used alone or in combination with cephaloridine in
      a manner analogous to clinical therapy, i.e. after initiation of bacterial
      infection. MDP, alone or in combination, significantly decreased the systemic
      manifestations of infection compared with placebo when administered up to 6 h
      following bacterial contamination. Its effect on the primary lesion was less
      marked, but it may potentiate host defences sufficiently to have an impact on the
      decisive period. Benefits observed in this study were of lesser magnitude than
      those observed following administration of the dipeptide before bacterial
      inoculation.

PMID- 6365141
TI  - The first James Kirk memorial lecture. What next in fractionated radiotherapy?
AB  - Models for predicting the total dose required to produce tolerable normal-tissue
      injury are becoming less empirical, more realistic, and more specific for
      different tissue reactions. The trend can be seen by the progression from the
      "cube root law", through Strandqvist's slope of 0.22, to NSD, TDF and CRE which
      have separate time and fraction number exponents, to the even better
      approximations which are now available. The dose-response formulae that can be
      used, with statistical legitimacy, to define the effect of fraction size (and
      number) include (1) the linear quadratic(LQ) model; (2) the two-component (TC)
      multi-target model; and (3) repair - misrepair models. The LQ model offers
      considerable convenience and requires only two parameters to be determined. The
      use of a new model often provides fresh insights. The LQ model has emphasized the
      difference between late and early normal-tissue dependence on dose per fraction
      which was first shown by exponents greater than the NSD slope of 0.24. Exponents
      of overall time, e.g. T0.11, yield the wrong shape of time curve, suggesting that
      most proliferation occurs early, although it really occurs after a delay
      depending on the turnover time of the tissue. The principles of better time
      factors are well known but actual values for human tissues are not well
      determined. Fortunately the time factors are usually small, especially for late
      reactions. Improved clinical results are being sought by hyperfractionation, by
      accelerated fractionation, or by continuous low dose rate irradiation as in
      interstitial implants. New clinical trials are investigating these approaches,
      which have been suggested by the accumulation of radiobiological data.

PMID- 6365143
TI  - The adhesion of different cell types to cultured vascular endothelium: effects of
      culture density and age.
AB  - The adhesion of lymphocytes, macrophages and resuspended smooth muscle cells to
      freshly subcultured bovine aortic endothelial cells is considerably greater than
      their adhesion to in-situ aortic endothelium when tested in vitro. Experiments
      with endothelial monolayers of different cell density and maturity suggest that
      this can be explained, at least in part, by two factors--firstly, an inverse
      relationship between macrophage, polymorph and smooth muscle cell (but not
      lymphocyte) adhesion and endothelial cell density, and secondly, an inverse
      relationship between endothelial adhesiveness and time since a culture became
      confluent. These observations may help to clarify the relationship between
      endothelial adhesiveness in vitro and in vivo, and to explain why leucocytes tend
      to adhere to regenerating arterial endothelium.

PMID- 6365144
TI  - Experimental pneumonia in gnotobiotic calves produced by respiratory syncytial
      virus.
AB  - A bovine isolate of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), when inoculated
      intranasally into eight gnotobiotic calves produced significant macroscopic
      lesions of the lung (2-25% consolidation) but failed to produce any clinical
      signs of disease. The microscopic lesions comprised proliferative and exudative
      bronchiolitis with accompanying alveolar collapse and infiltration by mononuclear
      cells of the peribronchiolar tissue and alveolar walls. Virus was recovered from
      the nasopharynx between days 2 and 11 after infection with peak titres between
      days 4 and 7. Demonstration of viral antigen by immunofluorescence in
      nasopharyngeal cells followed a similar detection pattern. Virus was recovered
      from lung or detected by immunofluorescence in the bronchiolar epithelium up to
      11 days following inoculation. A serological response to RSV was demonstrated
      both by virus neutralization and single radial haemolysis (SRH) tests, in serum
      of calves from 11 days following inoculation. Specific anti-RSV IgM was detected
      from 9 days following infection. It is suggested that the close resemblance
      between the experimental disease in calves and the pathology of acute
      bronchiolitis in children make cattle a particularly relevant model for the human
      disease.

PMID- 6365145
TI  - The role of cellular susceptibility in the declining severity of respiratory
      influenza of ferrets with age.
AB  - A comparison was made, both in vivo and in organ culture, between newborn (1-day
      old) and suckling (15-day-old) ferrets of lower respiratory tract tissue infected
      with a virulent strain (clone 7a) of influenza virus. Newborn ferrets were killed
      by influenza virus following intranasal inoculation but suckling ferrets were
      almost as resistant as adult ferrets. In newborn ferrets there was a rapid,
      severe and progressive infection of lung tissue with infection of alveolar cells
      as well as those of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium (assessed by monitoring
      virus infectivity and by fluorescent antibody staining). In suckling ferrets, as
      previously shown for adult animals, the lung infection was less severe, less
      persistent and confined to the epithelium of bronchi with only a small
      bronchiolar involvement and even less alveolar cell infection. These differences
      observed in vivo were repeated in organ cultures obtained from various areas of
      the lung. i.e. alveolar and airway epithelial cells of newborn ferrets exhibited
      a greater susceptibility than those of older ferrets. Thus, it appears that one
      factor determining the greater susceptibility of the lower respiratory tract of
      newborn ferrets is a greater inherent susceptibility of alveolar and airway
      epithelial cells to infection with influenza virus. Other factors may also be
      involved and have yet to be investigated.

PMID- 6365146
TI  - A histological and immunohistochemical study of the changes induced in the brains
      of white mice by infection with Toxoplasma gondii.
AB  - The topography and the severity of the brain lesions induced in male and female
      white mice 1-6 weeks following inoculation with Toxoplasma gondii were studied by
      conventional histological and peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical
      techniques. The medulla oblongata and fourth ventricle were the most severely
      damaged areas of the brain, while the cerebellum was only minimally involved in
      this only in the later stages of the disease. Toxoplasma cysts were revealed by
      the PAP method as early as 2 weeks after infection. The number of cysts and the
      severity of the lesions increased gradually each week following inoculation. The
      lymphoplasmacytic element in the lesions was less intense in male than in female
      mice. The significance of these findings in respect to the possible immunological
      pathogenesis of CNS toxoplasmic changes is discussed. A correlation of the
      experimental findings with the known neurologic manifestations of the disease is
      also attempted. The advantage of the PAP method in the study of toxoplasmic
      infection is stressed.

PMID- 6365147
TI  - A randomized double-blind comparison of PUVA-etretinate and PUVA-placebo in the
      treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis.
AB  - Twenty-eight patients with chronic plaque psoriasis affecting 20-40% of their
      body surface were treated with either PUVA and placebo (thirteen patients) or
      PUVA and etretinate (0.75 mg/kg) (fifteen patients). PUVA was given three times a
      week for a maximum of 10 weeks after a 2-week period on placebo or etretinate
      alone. Four patients failed to clear with PUVA and placebo compared with one
      patient with PUVA and etretinate, and the mean total UV-A dose to clear was lower
      with etretinate (mean = 62.1 J/cm2) than with placebo (mean = 77.3 J/cm2) but
      none of these differences were significant. Because the additional response to
      etretinate was only marginal, whilst unwanted effects were common, we found no
      advantage in adding etretinate to PUVA.

PMID- 6365148
TI  - An improved method for the establishment of cell lines from primary skin
      melanomas.
AB  - Fourteen explants of primary skin melanomas and six explants of lymph node
      metastases were used to establish melanocyte cell lines, and in all twenty
      experiments the melanocytes became overgrown by fibroblasts. By contrast, eight
      melanocyte cell lines without fibroblast contamination were established by
      mechanical cell separation followed by either direct plating in microwells (five
      out of thirteen primary tumours and three out of four lymph node metastases) or
      plating of cells from colonies grown in soft agar (three out of five cases). It
      was also observed that cell crowding and partial (as opposed to total)
      replacement of the culture medium during the early steps of culture favoured the
      growth of tumour cells. This observation suggests that melanoma cells are
      subjected to an autocrine type of growth regulation.

PMID- 6365149
TI  - The relationship between linear IgA disease and benign mucous membrane
      pemphigoid.
AB  - Nine out of thirty-four patients with linear IgA disease (LAD) had oral
      ulceration. Four out of seven of these patients who were examined by an
      ophthalmologist had changes of a cicatrising conjunctivitis indistinguishable
      from those of benign mucous membrane pemphigoid (BMMP). Three of these patients
      gave no history of ocular symptoms up to the time of examination. These findings
      indicate a need for oral and ophthalmological assessment in all patients with
      LAD. Twenty-seven patients with a diagnosis of BMMP were also studied. Nine
      presented with oral symptoms alone, nine with ocular symptoms alone, seven with
      oral and ocular symptoms, and two with cutaneous lesions in addition to oral and
      ocular symptoms. All the patients were examined by the same ophthalmologist. Six
      of the nine patients who presented with oral symptoms alone had signs of a
      cicatrising conjunctivitis. Four of these six patients had the clinical pattern
      of erosive gingivitis which was not previously thought to be associated with a
      cicatrising conjunctivitis. There is a similar need, therefore, for an
      ophthalmological assessment in all patients presenting with oral BMMP. Three of
      the twenty-seven patients with BMMP had homogeneous-linear deposits of IgA in
      uninvolved skin. The finding of linear IgA deposits in the skin of these patients
      with only mucous membrane lesions, and the finding that patients with LAD have a
      high incidence of oral and conjunctival lesions, raise the possibility of a
      common pathogenic pathway but with varying clinical expressions in these two
      groups.

PMID- 6365150
TI  - Reflections on heat.

PMID- 6365151
TI  - Bullous pemphigoid resembling erythema annulare centrifugum.

PMID- 6365153
TI  - Cytogenetic studies on recipients of allogeneic bone marrow using the sex
      chromosomes as markers of cellular origin.
AB  - In 45 patients whose donor was of unlike sex, the sex chromosomes were used as
      markers of the cellular origin of myeloid and lymphoid tissues after allogeneic
      bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Successful engraftment was characterized by
      the appearance of dividing donor cells in marrow within 2 weeks of grafting and
      in mitogen stimulated blood cultures by 3 weeks. Leukaemic relapse was identified
      in eight cases and was associated with different patterns of cellular origin of
      the myeloid and lymphoid tissues. At the time of relapse the marrow contained
      either a mixed population of normal donor and leukaemic recipient cells, or only
      recipient cells. Thus, in this series, leukaemic relapse was not found occurring
      in donor cells. The importance of defining the origin of cells in interphase as
      well as in metaphase was demonstrated. In all but one case, the dividing lymphoid
      population remained of donor origin during relapse.

PMID- 6365152
TI  - Immunohistological analysis of human bone marrow trephine biopsies using
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - This paper describes the use of a recently developed immuno-alkaline phosphatase
      method (the 'APAAP' technique) for labelling frozen sections of undecalcified
      bone marrow biopsies with monoclonal antibodies, including reagents reactive with
      T cells and their subsets, B cells, glycophorin, HLA-DR antigen, common ALL
      antigen, epithelial cells and megakaryocytes. Use of an immuno-alkaline
      phosphatase technique avoids problems due to endogenous enzyme activity
      encountered when staining bone marrow by immunoperoxidase procedures.
      Immunohistological labelling of frozen trephine biopsies is of particular value
      when it is impossible to aspirate marrow particles and for identifying cells
      which do not readily enter suspension (e.g. dendritic reticulum cells or stromal
      cells). Details are given of cases in which immunohistological analysis was used
      for the phenotyping of acute leukaemias, for the differential diagnosis of
      intramedullary T and B cell proliferations, and for identifying bone marrow
      metastases.

PMID- 6365154
TI  - Haematological reconstitution and severity of graft-versus-host disease after
      bone marrow transplantation for chronic granulocytic leukaemia: the influence of
      previous splenectomy.
AB  - Eighteen patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) were treated by
      chemoradiotherapy and transplantation of bone marrow (BMT) collected from their
      HLA-identical sibs; engraftment with donor marrow occurred in all cases. Ten of
      the patients had been subjected to splenectomy before BMT; recovery after BMT of
      granulocyte, lymphocyte and platelet numbers in the peripheral blood was more
      rapid in these patients than in the eight patients who retained their spleens.
      Acute graft-versus-host disease occurred in 12 of the 15 evaluable patients and
      appeared to be more severe in those who lacked their spleens at the time of
      transplant. Of the 12 patients surviving at follow-up times ranging from 59 to
      207 weeks, six had been subjected to splenectomy before BMT and six retained
      their spleens. We conclude that engraftment was more rapid in the splenectomized
      patients and splenectomy might have increased the chance of eradicating the
      leukaemia, but these considerations must be balanced against the short-term and
      long-term risks associated with splenectomy.

PMID- 6365155
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation from identical twins in the treatment of aplastic
      anaemia: implication for the pathogenesis of the disease.
AB  - Treatment of aplastic anaemia by bone marrow transplantation from a syngeneic
      (identical twin) donor has provided insights into the pathophysiology of the
      disease. We report from patients with severe anaemia who were treated by
      syngeneic bone marrow transplantation. None of the patients had sustained
      recovery of peripheral blood counts. All four received second transplants from
      the same twin donor after immunosuppressive conditioning treatment. Each had
      prompt recovery of haematopoiesis. A review of the literature indicates that
      failure of syngeneic bone marrow transplantation in patients with aplastic
      anaemia is not uncommon. These data indicate that aplastic anaemia may be caused
      by a mechanism other than an absence or intrinsic abnormality of haematopoietic
      stem cells in many patients.

PMID- 6365156
TI  - A comparative study of various dosages of danazol in the treatment of
      endometriosis.
AB  - The results of a randomized trial to investigate the efficacy of different dosage
      regimens of danazol in the treatment of endometriosis indicate that for mild
      endometriosis 200 mg/day of danazol is adequate therapy with less severe side
      effects than higher dosages. However, more extensive disease requires a higher
      dose.

PMID- 6365157
TI  - Retinal branch vein occlusion: a study of argon laser photocoagulation in the
      treatment of macular oedema.
AB  - A control trial is reported which demonstrates that treatment with argon laser
      photocoagulation to certain patients with macular oedema following a branch vein
      occlusion does not alter significantly their visual prognosis. It confirms that
      patients with an intact perifoveal capillary arcade have a better prognosis than
      those with a broken arcade.

PMID- 6365158
TI  - Metronidazole (Flagyl) and Arnica Montana in the prevention of post-surgical
      complications, a comparative placebo controlled clinical trial.
AB  - A double blind trial, was designed, in which 118 patients undergoing the removal
      of impacted wisdom teeth were randomly divided into the following groups; 41
      patients received Metronidazole, 39 patients received Arnica Montana, 38 patients
      received the placebo. Metronidazole was more effective in pain control than
      Arnica (p less than 0.001) and placebo (p less than 0.01). It prevented swelling
      better than Arnica (p less than 0.01) and placebo (p less than 0.05) and was more
      effective in promoting healing than Arnica (p less than 0.01) and placebo (p
      greater than 0.02). Arnica Montana appeared to give rise to greater pain than
      placebo (p less than 0.05) and caused more swelling than the placebo (p less than
      0.01).

PMID- 6365159
TI  - Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase of Escherichia coli K10. Effects of zinc(II) on
      partial reactions of diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate synthesis,
      conformation, and protein aggregation.
AB  - The synthesis of diadenosine 5',5"'-P1-,P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) catalyzed by
      phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase in the presence of Zn2+ involves the same partial
      reactions (synthesis of phenylalanyladenylate and transfer of the adenylate
      moiety to ATP) as occur in the absence of this metal ion. However, transfer is
      strongly stimulated while adenylate synthesis is depressed. Also inhibited are
      pyrophosphorolysis of phenylalanyladenylate and transfer of phenylalanine from
      the adenylate to cognate tRNA, because overall tRNA phenylalanylation is
      depressed [Mayaux, J.-F., & Blanquet, S. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 4647-4654],
      whereas binding of tRNA to the synthetase is not. At moderate concentrations of
      Zn2+, and in the presence of 5 microM phenylalanine and 0.5 mM ATP, transfer of
      AMP is rate limiting, while at higher concentrations of Zn2+ synthesis of
      adenylate is rate determining. The Zn2+ concentration optimum for stimulation
      depends on the concentration of phenylalanine and ATP. The effects of Zn2+ are
      mediated through two classes of binding site(s) on the synthetase, the half
      saturations of which are 1-4 and 20-30 microM Zn2+, respectively. Binding of Zn2+
      to the second class of site(s) causes inhibition of the synthetase, whereas
      binding to the first class is responsible for activation and inhibition, which
      may be caused by a conformational change. Evidence for the latter is the observed
      decrease in protein intrinsic fluorescence intensity and the decrease in
      fluorescence intensity of 6-(p-toluidinyl)naphthalene-2-sulfonate, which is used
      as a reporter group. The kinetics of the binding reaction show a saturation
      dependence on Zn2+, also suggesting that a conformational change occurs.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6365160
TI  - Vicinal dithiol-disulfide distribution in the Escherichia coli mannitol specific
      carrier enzyme IImtl.
AB  - Escherichia coli mannitol specific EII in membrane vesicles can be inhibited by
      the action of the oxidizable substrate-reduced phenazine methosulfate (PMS) in a
      manner similar to E. coli enzyme IIGlc [Robillard, G. T., & Konings, W. (1981)
      Biochemistry 20, 5025-5032]. The fact that reduced PMS and various oxidizing
      agents protect the enzyme from inactivation by the sulfhydryl reagents N
      ethylmaleimide and bromopyruvate suggests that the active form possesses a
      dithiol which can be protected by conversion to a disulfide. The sulfhydryl
      disulfide distribution has been examined in purified EIImtl by labeling studies
      with N-[1-14C]ethylmaleimide ( [14C]NEM). EIImtl can be alkylated at three
      positions per peptide chain. When alkylation takes place in 8 M urea, only two
      positions are labeled. The third position becomes labeled in urea only after
      treatment with DTT, suggesting that the native enzyme is composed of two subunits
      linked by a disulfide bridge. The remaining two sulfhydryl groups per peptide
      chain appear to undergo changes in oxidation state as indicated by the following
      results. (1) Treatment of the active enzyme with NEM leads to complete
      inactivation and incorporation of 1 mol of [14C]NEM per peptide chain. Oxidizing
      agents protect the activity and prevent labeling presumably by forming a
      disulfide. (2) Phosphorylating the enzyme (one phosphoryl group per peptide
      chain) fully protects the activity, but 1 mol of NEM per peptide chain is still
      incorporated. Subsequent dephosphorylation by adding mannitol causes a second
      mole of [14C]NEM to be incorporated and results in complete
      inactivation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6365161
TI  - Inactivation of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase by modification of cysteine
      residue 174 with 3-bromopropionic acid.
AB  - Horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase is inactivated with Michaelis kinetics at pH 7
      and 25 degrees C by 3-bromopropionic acid. In the absence of NAD+, the Ki is 2
      mM, and the pseudo bimolecular rate constant (k3/Ki) is 0.03 M-1 s-1; in the
      presence of 1 mM NAD+, Ki is 2.3 mM, and k3/Ki is 0.006 M-1 s-1. 3-Bromopropionic
      acid is a competitive inhibitor, Ki of 0.4 mM, against ethanol as a substrate.
      Inactivation was prevented in the ternary complexes with NAD+ X pyrazole and NADH
      X isobutyramide, was retarded by NAD+, NADH, or bipyridine, and was almost
      unaffected by imidazole and AMP. Carboxyethylated enzyme did not detectably (as
      observed spectrophotometrically) bind bipyridine, NAD+, or NADH. Enzyme was
      inactivated with radioactive 3-bromopropionic acid, aminoethylated, and digested
      with trypsin and chymotrypsin. Analysis of the labeled peptides showed that Cys
      174 was predominantly modified. In the presence of 1 mM NAD+, the reaction was
      much less specific. The interaction of the carboxyl group of 3-bromopropionic
      acid with the guanidino group of Arg-369 probably facilitates the selective
      reaction with Cys-174, which is ligated to the zinc at the active site.
      Carboxyethylation apparently inactivates by interfering with the proper binding
      of the pyrophosphate of the coenzyme to the enzyme.

PMID- 6365162
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of amino acids and proteins. Deuterium nuclear
      magnetic resonance relaxation of deuteriomethyl-labeled amino acids in crystals
      and in Halobacterium halobium and Escherichia coli cell membranes.
AB  - We have obtained deuterium (2H) Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance
      (NMR) spectra of zwitterionic L-[beta-2H3]alanine, DL-[gamma-2H6]valine, DL
      [beta, gamma-2H4]threonine, L-[delta-2H3]leucine, and L-[alpha, beta, gamma,
      gamma', delta-2H10]isoleucine in the crystalline solid state and have determined
      the deuteriomethyl group spin-lattice relaxation rates as a function of
      temperature. The results yield the Arrhenius activation energies (delta E) for
      methyl rotation, and through use of a suitable mathematical model, rotational
      correlation times, tau c. For alanine, valine, threonine, leucine, and isoleucine
      at 37 degrees C, tau c and delta E values are 780, 100, 40, 38, and 18 ps and 22,
      14.0, 17.6, 15.5, and 8.6 kJ, respectively. For L-[beta-2H3]alanine in the
      zwitterionic lattice, a spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) minimum of 2.1 +/- 0.3
      ms is observed (at 0 degree C), in excellent agreement with the 1.92-ms
      prediction of the mathematical model. Similar tau c and delta E measurements are
      reported for bacteriorhodopsin in the purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium
      R1 and for Escherichia coli cell membranes. Overall, our results demonstrate a
      great similarity between the dynamics in amino acid crystals and in membrane
      proteins. However, threonine exhibits a nonlinear Arrhenius behavior in
      bacteriorhodopsin, and in the valine-, leucine-, and isoleucine-labeled membrane
      samples at higher temperatures (approximately greater than 37 degrees C), there
      is evidence of an additional slow side-chain motion. The lipid phase state in E.
      coli does not appear to influence, on the average, the dynamics of the valine
      side chains. These results indicate that the sensitivity of the deuterium NMR
      technique is now adequate to study in moderate detail the dynamics of most types
      of amino acids in a membrane protein and that adequate sensitivity, in some
      instances, should be available for the study of individual amino acids in
      suitably labeled membrane proteins.

PMID- 6365163
TI  - Mechanism of DNA binding to the gene 5 protein of bacteriophage fd.
AB  - A model for the bimolecular complex arising from the interaction of single
      stranded DNA with the gene 5 DNA binding protein (G5BP) of bacteriophage fd is
      proposed on the basis of difference Fourier analyses and the correlation between
      structural and physicochemical data. The essential DNA binding element is the
      G5BP dimer which provides two antiparallel DNA binding channels, each constructed
      from amino acid contributions of both monomers within the pair. These channels
      display identical bonding environments but opposite polarities as a consequence
      of the inherent dyad symmetry within each dimer unit. The two channels are
      separated by 30 A, and each is 10 A wide and 40 A long. We propose that DNA
      binding is a consequence of two general sets of interactions. Aromatic side
      chains of G5BP stack upon nucleic acid bases, and the DNA phosphate backbone is
      bound by a series of appropriately positioned lysyl and arginyl side chains. The
      DNA conformation is fully extended, and each binding channel can accommodate up
      to five nucleotides. Only minor conformational changes in the native G5BP
      structure are required to optimize the binding of DNA. The G5BP-DNA complexation
      model presented here serves to explain some of the mechanistic features
      associated with the role this protein plays in the formation of a nucleoprotein
      helix during the bacteriophage fd life cycle.

PMID- 6365164
TI  - Separation of induction and expression of tight junction formation mediated by
      proteinases.
AB  - The formation of tight junctions can be induced in the human adenocarcinoma cell
      line HT 29 by treatment with trypsin at 37 degrees C. In contrast, after
      treatment of the cells with trypsin at low temperature (3 degrees C), no tight
      junctions were observed. However, abundant formation of tight junctions occurred
      when cells were treated with trypsin at 3 degrees C, washed with soybean trypsin
      inhibitor, and subsequently incubated at 37 degrees C. Thus, this protocol allows
      for the first time the temporal separation of the induction and assembly of tight
      junctions.

PMID- 6365165
TI  - Derepression of the high-affinity phosphate uptake in the yeast Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae.
AB  - Phosphate starvation derepresses a high-affinity phosphate uptake system in
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain A294, while in the same time the low-affinity
      phosphate uptake system disappears. The protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide
      prevents the derepression, but has no effect as soon as the high-affinity system
      is fully derepressed. Two other protein synthesis inhibitors, lomofungin and 8
      hydroxyquinoline, were found to interfere also with the low-affinity system and
      with Rb+ uptake. After incubation of the yeast cells in the presence of phosphate
      the high-affinity system is not derepressed, but the Vmax of the low-affinity
      system has decreased from about 35%. Phosphate supplement after derepression
      causes the high-affinity system to disappear to a certain extent while in the
      meantime the low-affinity system reappears. The results are compared with those
      found in the yeast Candida tropicalis for phosphate uptake.

PMID- 6365166
TI  - Glucose inhibits 45Ca efflux from pancreatic beta-cells also in the absence of
      Na+-Ca2+ countertransport.
AB  - During perifusion with medium deprived of Ca2+, addition of glucose or omission
      of Na+ resulted in prompt and quantitatively similar inhibitions of 45Ca efflux
      from beta-cell rich pancreatic islets microdissected from ob/ob mice. Glucose had
      no additional inhibitory effect when Na+ was isoosmotically replaced by sucrose
      or choline+. When K+ was used as a substitute for Na+, the inhibitory effect of
      Na+ removal on 45Ca efflux became additive to that of glucose. The observation
      that glucose can be equally effective in inhibiting 45Ca efflux in the presence
      or absence of Na+ is difficult to reconcile with the postulate that the Na+-Ca2+
      countertransport mechanism is a primary site of action for glucose.

PMID- 6365167
TI  - The formation of a defective small subunit of the mitochondrial ribosomes in
      petite mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - The involvement of mitochondrial protein synthesis in the assembly of the
      mitochondrial ribosomes was investigated by studying the extent to which the
      assembly process can proceed in petite mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae which
      lack mitochondrial protein synthetic activity due to the deletion of some tRNA
      genes and/or one of the rRNA genes on the mtDNA. Petite strains which retain the
      15-S rRNA gene can synthesize this rRNA species, but do not contain any
      detectable amounts of the small mitochondrial ribosomal subunit. Instead, a
      ribonucleoparticle with a sedimentation coefficient of 30 S (instead of 37 S) was
      observed. This ribonucleoparticle contained all the small ribosomal subunit
      proteins with the exception of the var1 and three to five other proteins, which
      indicates that the 30-S ribonucleoparticle is related to the small mitochondrial
      ribosomal subunit (37 S). Reconstitution experiments using the 30-S particle and
      the large mitochondrial ribosomal subunit from a wild-type yeast strain indicate
      that the 30-S particle is not active in translating the artificial message
      poly(U). The large mitochondrial ribosomal subunit was present in petite strains
      retaining the 21-S rRNA gene. The petite 54-S subunit is biologically active in
      the translation of poly(U) when reconstituted with the small subunit (37 S) from
      a wild-type strain. The above results indicate that mitochondrial protein
      synthetic activity is essential for the assembly of the mature small ribosomal
      subunit, but not for the large subunit. Since the var1 protein is the only
      mitochondrial translation product known to date to be associated with the
      mitochondrial ribosomes, the results suggest that this protein is essential for
      the assembly of the mature small subunit.

PMID- 6365168
TI  - Absorption and fluorescence studies of the binding of the recA gene product from
      E. coli to single-stranded and double-stranded DNA. Ionic strength dependence.
AB  - The binding of the recA gene product from E. coli to double-stranded and single
      stranded nucleic acids has been investigated by following the change in melting
      temperature of duplex DNA and the fluorescence of single-stranded DNA or poly(dA)
      modified by reaction with chloroacetaldehyde. At low ionic strength, in the
      absence of Mg2+ ions, RecA protein binds preferentially to duplex DNA or poly(dA
      dT). This leads to an increase of the DNA melting temperature. Stabilization of
      duplex DNA decreases when ionic strength or pH increases. In the presence of Mg2+
      ions, preferential binding to single-stranded polynucleotides is observed.
      Precipitation occurs when duplex DNA begins to melt in the presence of RecA
      protein. From competition experiments, different single-stranded and double
      stranded polydeoxynucleotides can be ranked according to their ability to bind
      RecA protein. Structural changes induced in nucleic acids upon RecA binding are
      discussed together with conformational changes induced in RecA protein upon
      magnesium binding.

PMID- 6365169
TI  - Kinetic investigation of the hydrolysis of aminoacyl p-nitroanilides by
      dipeptidyl peptidase IV from human and pig kidney.
AB  - Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (dipeptidyl-peptide hydrolase, EC 3.4.14.5), an enzyme
      that participates in the catabolism of bradykinin and Substance P as well as the
      post-translational processing of various other peptides, has been purified from
      human and pig kidney. The assay reaction involved the cleavage of p-nitroaniline
      (pNA) from various dipeptidyl p-nitroanilides. The specific activities of the
      human and pig enzyme (with Gly-Pro-pNA at pH 7.6) were 49.2 and 45.8,
      respectively. The dependence of initial reaction velocity on substrate
      concentration was determined for a variety of dipeptidyl p-nitroanilides over the
      concentration range 0.05 to 2.0 mM. Most of the substrates tested produced
      significant non-hyperbolic behavior for the function v vs. S at concentrations
      above 0.5 mM. As to differences between the two enzymes, the pig enzyme exhibited
      featureless (i.e., hyperbolic) behavior with Glu-Pro-pNA concentrations as high
      as 2.0 mM, whereas the human enzyme produced significant non-hyperbolic behavior
      for the function v vs. S, beginning at S = 0.4 mM. Thus, the human and pig
      dipeptidyl peptidases IV are kinetically distinct enzyme forms.

PMID- 6365170
TI  - Formation of age pigment-like fluorescent substances during peroxidation of
      lipids in model membranes.
AB  - The formation of age pigment-like fluorescent substances during the lipid
      peroxidation of model membranes has been studied. Ferrous ion and ascorbate
      induced lipid peroxidation of liposomal membranes containing
      phosphatidylethanolamine led to the formation of fluorescent substances which
      have characteristics similar to those of compounds derived from the reaction of
      phosphatidylethanolamine with purified fatty acid hydroperoxides. The fluorescent
      substances were accumulated in liposomal membranes, whereas thiobarbituric acid
      reactive substances formed during lipid preoxidation were immediately released
      from the liposomal membranes. The thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances free
      from the membranes were not reactive with amino compounds such as
      phosphatidylethanolamine in liposomes or glycine in aqueous phase. It was
      suggested that the products reacting with amino compounds are short-lived, and
      may be rapidly inactivated after released into aqueous phase. The formation of
      fluorescent products was inefficient when phosphatidylethanolamine incorporated
      into the liposomes insensitive to lipid preoxidation was incubated with ferrous
      ion and ascorbate in the presence of liposomes sensitive to the peroxidation. The
      results suggest that some products generated from peroxidation-sensitive lipids
      react with the amino group of phosphatidylethanolamine molecules which are
      located on the same membranes, forming fluorescent substances. The presence of
      phosphatidylethanolamine in the membrane suppressed the formation of
      thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, suggesting that phosphatidylethanolamine
      may react with radicals formed and terminate the propagation.

PMID- 6365171
TI  - The effects of triiodothyronine, hydrocortisone and insulin on lipid synthesis by
      cultured fibroblasts preincubated in a serum-free medium.
AB  - Studies of lipid metabolism in cell cultures are usually carried out after
      preincubation of cells in media containing lipoprotein-deficient or delipidated
      serum. The artifacts produced during delipidation prevent the standardization of
      assays and the study of the role of hormones on lipid metabolism. We studied the
      effects of triiodothyronine, hydrocortisone, insulin and their combination on
      cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis in cultured human skin fibroblasts
      preincubated for 24 h in an artificial medium (medium A) consisting of equal
      volumes of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's and Ham's F-12 media enriched with
      transferrin, biotin and calcium pantothenate. In cells preincubated in medium A
      the incorporation of acetate to cholesterol and the activity of
      hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase were much lower than in
      cells preincubated in standard medium containing lipoprotein-deficient serum.
      Addition of the three hormones caused a marked stimulation of the incorporation
      of acetate to cholesterol (from 3.1 to 17.7 pmol/min per mg protein), an activity
      similar to that in cells preincubated in lipoprotein-deficient serum plus
      hormones. The stimulatory effect of the hormones on HMG-CoA reductase activity
      was smaller, from 11 to 26 pmol/min per mg protein compared to 83 pmol/min per mg
      protein in cells preincubated in lipoprotein-deficient serum plus hormones. Most
      of the stimulatory effect was due to insulin. The lack of coordinate response
      between these two parameters in cells preincubated in artificial medium could not
      be explained by (a) stimulation of a post-mevalonate step as measured by the
      incorporation of mevalonate to cholesterol; (b) the in vitro inactivation of HMG
      CoA reductase by phosphorylation: incubation of fibroblast microsomes with
      Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase resulted in a decrease in HMG-CoA reductase
      activity, in contrast to an increase in hepatic microsomes; (c) the presence of
      inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase in the microsomal extract. In cells preincubated
      in medium A the incorporation of acetate to fatty acids and the activities of
      acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase were approximately equal to that
      of cells preincubated in standard medium containing lipoprotein-deficient serum.
      Hormones added to medium A caused a stimulation of incorporation of acetate to
      fatty acids (from 5.1 to 19.8 pmol/min per mg protein), the activity of acetyl
      CoA carboxylase (from 494 to 820 pmol/min per mg protein) and of fatty acid
      synthetase (from 300 to 678 pmol/mg protein). These values were significantly
      higher than those obtained in cells preincubated with lipoprotein-deficient serum
      with or without hormones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6365172
TI  - Regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis by mitogenic growth factors.
AB  - Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis in cultured 3T3 fibroblasts was increased
      in varying degrees by these mitogenic growth factors: fetal bovine serum,
      insulin, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, epidermal growth factor,
      vasopressin, fibroblast growth factor and insulin-like growth factors I and II.
      PC synthesis was increased 2-4-fold by 10% serum, up to 4-fold by growth factors
      alone, and up to 8-fold by combinations of two or more growth factors. Single
      growth factors had no effect on the incorporation of [3H]choline into the acid
      soluble precursors of PC, while serum or combinations of two or more mitogens
      could increase the incorporation of [3H]choline into acid-soluble material by up
      to 2-fold. Serum was shown to increase choline phosphorylation, choline kinase
      activity and the size of the phosphocholine pool. These data were utilized to
      calculate the radioactive specific activity of phosphocholine. Serum did not
      increase phosphocholine specific activity above control values; thus the
      increased incorporation of labelled choline into PC after serum stimulation
      resulted from increased PC synthesis and not from a simple change in specific
      activity of precursor phosphocholine.

PMID- 6365173
TI  - Kallikrein stimulates prostacyclin production in bovine vascular endothelial
      cells.
AB  - Cultured endothelial cells isolated from bovine carotid aorta produce
      prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2) and a small amount of prostaglandin E2. The
      effects of kallikrein (EC 3.4.21.8) on the release of prostacyclin from the cells
      were studied with the radioimmunoassay technique. Kallikrein stimulated the
      release of prostacyclin in a dose-dependent manner. The maximal stimulation
      reached up to 9.2-fold at 0.1 micrograms/ml of kallikrein. The effect was not
      associated with the activation of the fatty acid cyclooxygenase, but with the
      stimulation of arachidonic acid release. But kallikrein itself did not have
      phospholipase activity. On the other hand, at the same doses, kallikrein failed
      to induce platelet aggregation or enhance platelet aggregation induced by
      collagen. Our findings suggest that the vasodilator effect of kallikrein is
      mediated in part by prostacyclin production. Furthermore, we investigated the
      possibility that the stimulatory effect of kallikrein on prostacyclin production
      in endothelial cells is associated with kinin formation. Bradykinin and
      lysylbradykinin (kallidin) also stimulated the release of prostacyclin, but the
      effects were far less than that of kallikrein. And the stimulation due to the
      addition of both kallikrein and bradykinin on prostacyclin and arachidonic acid
      release was not competitive or additive, but synergistic. Moreover, even if fetal
      calf serum was incubated with kallikrein, bradykinin was not detected at all.
      When kallikrein was pre-incubated with aporotinin, which is an inactivator of
      kallikrein, the effect of kallikrein was completely abolished. These findings
      suggest that the stimulatory effect of kallikrein on the release of prostacyclin
      from vascular cells is possibly not due to kinin formation, but to other
      substance(s) produced by this serine proteinase.

PMID- 6365174
TI  - The stimulus-secretion coupling of amino acid-induced insulin release metabolic
      interaction of L-asparagine and L-leucine in pancreatic islets.
AB  - Because L-asparagine augments insulin release evoked by L-leucine, the metabolism
      of these two amino acids was investigated in rat pancreatic islets. L-Leucine
      inhibited the uptake and deamidation of L-asparagine, but failed to exert any
      obvious primary effect upon the further catabolism of aspartate derived from
      exogenous asparagine. L-Asparagine augmented the oxidation of L-leucine, an
      effect possibly attributable to activation of 2-ketoisocaproate dehydrogenase.
      The association of L-asparagine and L-leucine exerted a sparing action on the
      utilization of endogenous amino acids, so that the integrated rate of nutrients
      oxidation was virtually identical in the sole presence of L-leucine and
      simultaneous presence of L-asparagine and L-leucine, respectively. It is proposed
      that the enhancing action of L-asparagine upon insulin release evoked by L
      leucine is attributable to an increased generation rate of cytosolic NADPH rather
      than any increase in nutrients oxidation.

PMID- 6365175
TI  - Inhibitory effects of N-ethylmaleimide on insulin- and oxidant-stimulated sugar
      transport and on 125I-labelled insulin binding by rat soleus muscle.
AB  - These experiments examined the effects of N-ethylmaleimide on insulin- and
      oxidant-stimulated sugar transport in soleus muscle in terms of the Thiol-Redox
      model for insulin-stimulated adipocyte sugar transport (Czech, M.P. (1976) J.
      Cell. Physiol. 89, 661-668). Brief exposure (1 min) to N-ethylmaleimide (0.3-10
      mM) inhibited the stimulatory effect of insulin (0.1 U/ml) on D-[U-14C]xylose
      uptake by rat soleus muscle. N-Ethylmaleimide also inhibited the stimulatory
      effects of H2O2 (5 mM), diamide (0.2 mM) and vitamin K-5 (0.05 mM). This effect
      of N-ethylmaleimide on insulin action was paralleled by the inhibition of 125I
      labelled insulin binding by the muscle. N-ethylmaleimide lowered muscle ATP;
      however, its effects on sugar transport and 125I-labelled insulin binding could
      be dissociated from its effect on ATP. Exposing muscles to insulin prior to N
      ethylmaleimide did not abolish the inhibitory effect of sulphydryl blockade on
      insulin-stimulated sugar transport, but did reduce the effect of the inhibitor by
      20-30%. Conversely, when muscles were first allowed to bind 125I-labelled insulin
      and then exposed to the inhibitor, there was no effect of N-ethylmaleimide on pre
      bound insulin. Exposure to diamide or vitamin K-5 before N-ethylmaleimide (1 mM)
      attenuated the inhibitory effect of sulphydryl blockade but no protective effect
      was observed with H2O2. None of the oxidants protected against the inhibitory
      effect of 3 mM N-ethylmaleimide. It is concluded that there are two N
      ethylmaleimide-sensitive sites involved in the activation of muscle sugar
      transport at the post-receptor level. One of these would appear to be similar to
      the Thiol-Redox site described in the adipocyte; the other site appears to be an
      essential sulphydryl group whose function does not involve oxidation to a
      disulphide.

PMID- 6365176
TI  - The autoxidation of glyceraldehyde and other simple monosaccharides under
      physiological conditions catalysed by buffer ions.
AB  - Glyceraldehyde and other simple monosaccharides autoxidise under physiological
      conditions generating 1-hydroxyalkyl (carbon-centred) free radicals and
      intermediates of dioxygen reduction: superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl
      radicals. The major glyceraldehyde-derived product is the alpha-ketoaldehyde,
      hydroxypyruvaldehyde. Close similarities between the temperature dependence of
      the kinetics of glyceraldehyde autoxidation and glyceraldehyde enolisation to an
      ene-diol indicates that enolisation is the rate-determining step in the
      autoxidative process. Inspection of a wide range of carbonyl compounds showed
      that the monosaccharide moiety -CH(OH)-C- is conserved in carbonyl compounds
      reactive towards autoxidation, indicating that the ability to form an ene-diol is
      a prerequisite to monosaccharide autoxidation. The ene-diol intermediate
      autoxidises rapidly to the products: hydrogen peroxide, water and alpha
      ketoaldehydes: beta-hydroxypyruvaldehyde is produced from glyceraldehyde and
      dihydroxyacetone, glyoxal from glycolaldehyde autoxidation. Ene-diol autoxidation
      is catalysed by hydrogen peroxide and trace metal ion contaminants; removal of
      either of these factors sufficiently retards ene-diol autoxidation such that ene
      diol autoxidation rather than enolisation becomes the rate determining step in
      the overall autoxidative process. Under enolisation control, the rate of
      monosaccharide autoxidation is influenced by pH and the buffer system used for pH
      control.

PMID- 6365177
TI  - The mechanism of liposome accumulation in infarction.
AB  - This paper explores the mechanism(s) whereby liposomes accumulate in chronically
      ischaemic myocardium and intestine. Plasma prepared from venous blood obtained at
      sites of myocardial and intestinal infarction does not promote the lysis of
      positively and negatively charged liposomes in vitro. Albumin-bound
      lysophosphatidylcholine (greater than or equal to 2 mM) lyses positively and
      negatively charged liposomes in vitro at similar rates. [99mTc]Diethylenetriamine
      pentaacetic acid (DTPA) entrapped in positively charged liposomes was accumulated
      in ischaemic rat caecum/colon 6 and 24 h after mesenteric ligation. Presumably
      allied to the accumulation of liposomal components, necrotic caecum/colon showed
      marked Ca2+ accumulation and phospholipid depletion. It is postulated that Ca2+
      and Ca2+-activated membrane phospholipases may be implicated in the mechanism of
      liposome accumulation in chronic ischaemia.

PMID- 6365178
TI  - Abnormal insulin binding and membrane physical properties of a Friend
      erythroleukemia clone resistant to dimethylsulfoxide-induced differentiation.
AB  - We have compared insulin binding, plasma membrane fluidity, and phospholipid
      composition of three different Friend erythroleukemia clones, a wild type (FLC) a
      mutant (R3) and the revertant to wild type F+. The R3 clone is a non
      differentiating DMSO-resistant clone (R3) and has altered membrane fluidity and
      dramatically altered insulin-binding properties. The receptor of R3 bound insulin
      as if it possessed a single class of low affinity receptors that lacks the
      property of negative cooperativity. The Scatchard plot is linear and there is no
      ligand-induced acceleration of dissociation. The Hill coefficient for R3 is 1,
      implying 'no cooperativity', whereas the Hill coefficient for the two DMSO
      inducible clones, (FLC and F+) is 0.3, implying 'negative cooperativity'. In
      addition, the insulin receptor of R3 has a decreased affinity for insulin,
      manifested as a 40-fold increase in the amount of insulin required to compete for
      half of the tracer binding (41 nM for R3 vs. 1 nM for FLC and F+). Computer
      fitted Scatchard plots analyzed by the negative cooperativity model reveal that
      R3 has 95 000 receptor sites/cell, with a high affinity constant Ke of 0.016 nM
      1, and a low affinity constant, Kf of 0.012 nM-1. Both DMSO-inducible clones have
      about 40 000 receptor sites/cell with Ke of 0.11 nM-1 and Kf of 0.02 nM-1.
      Electron spin resonance measurements with the 5-nitroxy stearate spin probe
      demonstrate that R3 had a more fluid plasma membrane than the FLC and F+ clones.
      The lipid composition of R3 is different from that of the DMSO-inducible clones.
      The weight ratio for unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids for R3 is
      2.5, and the FLC clone has a lower ratio of 1.9. These results are consistent
      with our earlier findings in FLC that very high membrane fluidity is associated
      with alterations in the binding properties of the insulin receptor.

PMID- 6365180
TI  - Biological potency of covalently linked insulin-receptor in rat adipocytes.
      Comparison with the potency of reversible complexes.
AB  - Irradiation of photoreactive insulin derivatives in the presence of isolated rat
      adipocytes produces a prolonged stimulation of lipogenesis in the cells even
      after exogenous and reversibly bound derivative has been removed by extensive
      washing. The quantitative nature of this response has now been studied using 125I
      B2(2-nitro-4-azidophenylacetyl)des-PheB1-insulin. This derivative possesses
      nearly full biological potency and binding affinity prior to irradiation. After
      covalent linkage to adipocytes the efficacy of the derivative is reduced to 25 +/
      4% of the reversibly bound derivative, viz. 4-times as much needs to be
      covalently associated as reversibly bound to induce the same level of stimulation
      of lipogenesis. This reduced relative molar potency is due to a reduced ability
      of specific covalent insulin-receptor complexes to trigger a response.

PMID- 6365179
TI  - Endocytosis in the amphibian oocyte. Effect of insulin and progesterone on
      membrane and fluid internalization during the meiotic divisions.
AB  - Endocytosis has been studied in the denuded Rana pipiens oocyte using 3H-labeled
      inulin. Internalization of labeled inulin is linear after the first 10-15 min and
      uptake into the cytoplasm is temperature-dependent and is blocked by 15 microM
      cyanide. Uptake occurs without hydrolysis of the inulin and varies exponentially
      with the concentration of inulin in the medium. Based on specific activity of the
      medium and inulin uptake into the cytoplasm, it is estimated that a fluid volume
      of about 20-25 nl is internalized per oocyte per hour. This fluid phase uptake
      corresponds to a half-time of about 35 h for turnover of the oocyte fluid phase.
      An estimate of membrane area based on endocytotic vesicle size from electron
      micrographs suggests that the entire oocyte plasma membrane recycles several
      times an hour. A fraction (15-20%) of the inulin taken up is associated with the
      plasma-vitelline membrane complex and uptake into the membrane complex parallels
      uptake into the cytoplasm. Insulin (a meiotic agonist) concentrations that induce
      plasma membrane hyperpolarization over the first h also stimulate [3H]inulin
      uptake into both the oocyte cytoplasm and membrane complex over the same time
      period. Progesterone (the physiological inducer) has no effect on inulin uptake
      during the first hour, but by 16-17 h after exposure to progesterone, inulin
      uptake is significantly enhanced. These results suggest that hormones such as
      insulin and progesterone may regulate membrane permeability by a programmed
      internalization and possible recycling of the plasma membrane components.

PMID- 6365181
TI  - Biological activity of covalently-linked insulin-receptor complexes in rat
      adipocytes. Effect of pH.
AB  - The relative molar potencies of covalently and reversibly-bound insulin-receptor
      complexes were studied as a function of pH. The insulin derivatives used were
      125I-B2 (2-nitro-4-azidophenylacetyl)des-PheB1-insulin and 125I-B29(2-nitro-4
      azidophenylacetyl)des-PheB1-insulin. The potencies of both types of reversible
      complexes were effectively identical and constant between pH 7 and 8. The
      relative potency of the covalent B2-complex increased from 25 to 75%, and of the
      covalent B29 complex from 30 to nearly 100%. This indicates that the covalently
      linked partners in the complex are able to flex about the cross-linkages.
      Variations in the potency are due to variations in the number of correctly
      associated, reversibly or covalently bound insulin-receptor complexes. The form
      of the pH dependance suggests that an ionizable group, possibly an amino group,
      must be deprotonated to allow effective interaction.

PMID- 6365182
TI  - [Role of DNA damage in the inactivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts by 313
      nm ultraviolet light].
AB  - The relative contribution of respiration photoinhibition and DNA damage in the
      lethal effect induced by 313 nm ultraviolet light (UV) has been investigated in
      some strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It has been shown that cells
      inactivation is essentially due to photo-induced damage to DNA. By
      photoreactivation experiments it has been found that dimers of the pyrimidine
      bases are the main lethal photoproducts induced in the DNA by 313 nm ultraviolet
      light.

PMID- 6365183
TI  - [Formation of respiratory system function in ontogeny. I. Intrauterine
      respiratory movements].
AB  - The fetus rhythmic respiratory movements originate long before the birth at a
      certain stage of its intrauterine development, i. e. the rhythmic respiratory
      activity is formed before the delivery. As the fetation takes place the character
      of respiratory system rhythmic activity shifts to stabilization of respiratory
      muscles rhythmic action towards the termination of gestation. The fetal
      respiratory movements are inhibited with the beginning of the generic act.

PMID- 6365184
TI  - Glucose homeostasis in fasted neonatal rats treated with high doses of L
      thyroxine.
AB  - A neo-T4 syndrome was induced by subcutaneous administration of high doses of L
      thyroxine (T4) to neonatal rats. These doses produced important alterations in
      carbohydrate metabolism: hypoglycemia, hypoinsulinemia and increased levels of
      blood lactate, pyruvate and ketone bodies. T4-treated and control rats were
      subjected to fasting. In contrast to controls where glycemia decreased to 60% of
      basal values, in 11-day-old neo-T4 rats blood glucose levels decreased to only
      90% of basal values. These different adaptations to fasting area discussed with
      regard to endocrine equilibrium in neo-T4 rats.

PMID- 6365185
TI  - Extracellular matrix promotes rat Sertoli cell histotypic expression in vitro.
AB  - We describe procedures for the preparation of a cell-free seminiferous tubule
      biomatrix, and provide evidence demonstrating that this material constitutes a
      useful substratum for maintaining the normal architecture of Sertoli cells in
      primary culture. Seminiferous tubule biomatrix, which has the morphological
      appearance of a fibrillar network rich in filaments and amorphous substance, is
      shown to consist of about 50% protein, most of which is collagen and
      glycoproteins. Fibronectin and laminin are also present in the seminiferous
      tubule biomatrix, as judged by immunofluorescence microscopy. Sertoli cell
      aggregates plated on this substratum retain a cuboidal to columnar shape, spread
      very slowly to form a monolayer, and survive for at least 3 weeks when cultured
      in a hormone-free, serum-free, chemically defined medium. In contrast, Sertoli
      cells plated onto uncoated polystyrene readily spread to form a monolayer of flat
      squamous cells which do not survive as well. Other morphological and
      ultrastructural characteristics are described which indicate that cells cultured
      on the seminiferous tubule biomatrix more closely resemble those of Sertoli cells
      in vivo than do cells plated on uncoated plastic. These differences in cell
      structure, including the maintenance of normal polarity as indicated by the
      presence of basolateral tight junctional complexes, remain evident for periods of
      10 to 14 days after plating Sertoli cells onto biomatrix substratum. Rates of DNA
      synthesis by immature Sertoli cells plated onto biomatrix are less than rates by
      cells plated onto uncoated plastic. The data are discussed in relation to the
      role of substratum in the preservation of normal functions and histotype of
      Sertoli cells.

PMID- 6365186
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of relaxin in the ovaries of pregnant rats.
AB  - Relaxin was localized in the ovaries of pregnant rats by employing for the first
      time a highly specific rabbit anti-rat relaxin serum and the peroxidase
      antiperoxidase complexing technique. The corpora lutea of pregnancy contained
      essentially all of the immunostaining in ovarian sections obtained on Days 12 and
      20 of pregnancy. Very few cells in the corpora lutea of the previous cycle
      stained for relaxin. There appeared to be variation in the intensity of staining
      for relaxin among luteal cells on both Days 12 and 20 of pregnancy. Ovaries from
      nonpregnant lactating rats contained very little, if any, relaxin immunostaining.
      It is concluded that the corpus luteum is the principal, and, in all likelihood,
      the sole source of relaxin in the pregnant rat.

PMID- 6365187
TI  - Intratesticular factors controlling testicular function.
AB  - Although the testis is under overall control by pituitary gonadotropins,
      intratesticular control mechanisms are important 1) because of the unique
      structural organization of the testis, and 2) because of the organization and
      local requirements of spermatogenesis. The avascular nature of the seminiferous
      tubules, which comprise 90% of testicular mass in most mammals, means that their
      exceptionally high energy and nutritional demand has to be met by local transport
      in testicular interstitial fluid (IF). The rate of formation of IF is determined
      by capillary permeability and local control of this process is thus a
      prerequisite for ensuring full nutritional and hormonal support for
      spermatogenesis. The latter is organized into specific stages arranged in a
      cycle, each stage having different requirements which only local control
      mechanisms can ensure. In the rat, Stage VII of the spermatogenic cycle has an
      absolute requirement for high levels of testosterone and maintenance of such
      levels in the testicular IF surrounding the tubules thus constitutes a crucially
      important function requiring local control. Because in this situation,
      testosterone works via the Sertoli cell and because the testosterone is produced
      locally by the Leydig cells in response to luteinizing hormone (LH), it is
      suggested that local control of intratesticular levels of testosterone is likely
      to be effected by a factor (or factors) produced by the Sertoli cell which acts
      on the Leydig cell, and which interacts with LH to modulate the levels of
      testosterone in testicular IF. The possibility that "testicular luteinizing
      hormone releasing hormone (LHRH)" may fulfill this role is examined in detail by
      investigating the local effects of an LHRH agonist (LHRH-A) on testicular
      capillary permeability and the IF levels of testosterone in normal intact adult
      rats. The results show that LHRH-A has dose-dependent effects on capillary
      permeability and the IF levels of testosterone and that these effects are
      modulated according to the ambient level of LH. Alteration of the IF levels of
      testosterone by LHRH-A is shown to be biologically effective and to be mediated
      partly by direct effects on Leydig cell steroidogenesis and partly by the control
      of capillary permeability. The physiological implications and operation of this
      local mechanism are discussed.

PMID- 6365188
TI  - Direct inhibitory effect of estradiol on pituitary luteinizing hormone
      responsiveness to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone is specific and of rapid
      onset.
AB  - We have employed a perifusion technique to explore the time course and
      specificity of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) effects directly upon luteinizing hormone
      (LH) release from the isolated rat anterior pituitary under pulsatile luteinizing
      hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) stimulation. We first characterized the
      perifusion system and fitted the data to a simple dose-response model. Multiple
      perifusion studies were then performed with pulses of LHRH at approximately half
      maximal response concentration (10(-8) M); LH responses to an initial LHRH pulse
      (#1) were compared with LH responses to a second LHRH pulse (#2) given at
      variable times after addition of E2, antiestrogen (LY 117018), and/or 17 alpha
      estradiol (17 alpha-E2). Using this approach, we found that the direct inhibitory
      effect of E2 upon LH responsiveness to LHRH was rapid and specific. The ratio of
      LH secretion in response to LHRH pulse #2 to that in response to LHRH pulse #1
      (LH secretion ratio) decreased steadily during 1 h of exposure to E2. This
      inhibition was significant (P less than 0.01) by 36 min of E2 exposure. It
      represented more than the removal of a LHRH self-priming effect because the LH
      secretion ratios were significantly less than 1.0 [0.80 +/- 0.05 (SEM), P less
      than 0.01] within 36 min of E2 exposure. The inhibitory effect was not seen when
      LY 117018 was added with E2, nor when 17 alpha-E2 replaced E2. The specificity of
      this rapid E2 inhibitory effect upon pituitary LH responsiveness to LHRH strongly
      suggests that it is receptor mediated. The rapidity of this apparent receptor
      mediated estrogen effect suggests that it is a very rapid consequence of nuclear
      translocation of the E2-receptor complex.

PMID- 6365189
TI  - Inverted micellar structures in bilayer membranes. Formation rates and half
      lives.
AB  - Two sorts of inverted micellar structures have previously been proposed to
      explain morphological and 31P-NMR observations of bilayer systems. These
      structures only form in systems with components that can adopt the inverse
      hexagonal (HII) phase. LIP (lipidic particles) are intrabilayer structures,
      whereas IMI (inverted micellar intermediates) are structures that form between
      apposed bilayers. Here, we calculate the formation rates and half-lives of these
      structures to determine which (or if either) of these proposed structures is a
      likely explanation of the data. Calculations for the egg phosphatidylethanolamine
      and the Ca+-cardiolipin systems show that IMI form orders of magnitude faster
      than LIP, which should form slowly, if at all. This result is probably true in
      general, and indicates that "lipidic particle" electron micrograph images
      probably represent interbilayer structures, as some have previously proposed. It
      is shown here that IMI are likely intermediates in the lamellar----HII phase
      transitions and in the process of membrane fusion in some systems. The calculated
      formation rates, half-lives, and vesicle-vesicle fusion rates are in agreement
      with this observation.

PMID- 6365191
TI  - Chain-length-dependent microwave absorption of DNA.

PMID- 6365190
TI  - Distinction between changes in membrane potential and surface charge upon
      chemotactic stimulation of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Galactose and other chemotactic attractants have been shown to trigger an
      apparent hyperpolarization in Escherichia coli (Eisenbach, M., 1982,
      Biochemistry, 21:6818-6825). The probe used to measure membrane potential in that
      study, tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP+), may respond also to surface-charge changes
      in the membrane. The distinction between true changes in membrane potential and
      changes in the surface charge of the membrane is crucial for the study of this
      phenomenon in bacterial chemotaxis. To distinguish between these parameters, we
      compared the response to galactose with different techniques: K+ distribution in
      the presence of valinomycin (measured with a K+-selective electrode), TPP+
      distribution (measured with a TPP+-selective electrode) at different ionic
      strengths, absorbance changes of bis(3-phenyl-5-oxoisoxazol-4
      yl)pentamethineoxonol (oxonol V), and fluorescence changes of three probes with
      different mechanisms of response. All the techniques revealed stimulation by
      galactose of transient hyperpolarization, of comparable magnitude. This indicates
      the involvement of ion currents rather than alterations of local surface
      properties.

PMID- 6365192
TI  - Conformational change in yeast tRNAAsp.

PMID- 6365193
TI  - Ethidium binding to deoxyribonucleic acid: spectrophotometric analysis of analogs
      with amino, azido, and hydrogen substituents.

PMID- 6365194
TI  - Conservative surgical treatment for primary breast cancer.
AB  - The definition of conservative surgery should be limited to procedures preserving
      at least part of the breast. A randomized trial on conservative treatment of
      breast cancer, using in the control arm the Halsted mastectomy and in the second
      arm the QU.A.RT. method (quadrantectomy, axillary dissection, radiotherapy) was
      started in June 1973 at the National Cancer Institute of Milan. Patients with
      clinical or mammographic evidence of a breast cancer less than 2 cm in diameter
      without palpable lymph nodes (T1N0) were selected for the trial. The results lead
      to the conclusion that radical mastectomy appears to involve unnecessary
      mutilation in this kind of patients. Many problems are now connected with the
      future of conservative surgery of the breast. The first is the choice of cases,
      the second is multicentricity of breast cancer, the third is the risk of delayed
      carcinogenesis connected with the irradiation of the breast. Anyway, it is likely
      that a great proportion of breast cancers will benefit from a treatment which,
      without decreasing the survival rates, will be less multilating and therefore the
      quality of life will improve.

PMID- 6365195
TI  - The stem cell system.
AB  - The stem cell is defined as that cell in a tissue which, under normal
      circumstances, maintains its own population, undiminished in function and size,
      and furnishes daughters to provide new functional cells of that tissue. The
      daughters may, or may not, have to undergo further differentiation and/or
      maturation in order to achieve their functional stage. The fundamental
      characteristic of a stem cell, therefore, is self-renewal. Evidence is presented
      which implicates the microenvironment as a major component of the stem cell
      system, without which stem cells cannot be maintained. Furthermore, it is
      suggested that stem cell properties do not reside in one specific cell type in
      the population but, when necessary, cells other than those normally playing the
      stem cell role, can have stem cell function imposed upon them by the appropriate
      microenvironment. The stem cell "niche" hypothesis is presented to explain the
      dependence of stem cells upon their microenvironment. The postulate is offered
      that there are no cells which are intrinsically stem cells but that a range of
      cells in a tissue possess stem cell potential to a greater or lesser extent.

PMID- 6365196
TI  - Interaction of antimalarial drugs with hemin.
AB  - Hemin (ferriprotoporphyrin IX) is shown to form complexes with the chloroquine
      class of antimalarial drugs. The Soret band of hemin becomes optically active
      upon the addition of chiral drugs. Results on the hemin-induced quenching of the
      fluorescence of chloroquine are consistent with the formation of a 2:1 hemin:drug
      complex with a formation constant of 1.4 x 10(7) at 298 K. Also a direct
      comparison of the drug-treated and drug-free parasites themselves, by the
      noninvasive photoacoustic spectroscopic method, reveals an in vivo interaction
      between endogenous hemin and the added drug.

PMID- 6365197
TI  - Modern theories of metabolic control and their applications (review).
AB  - Existing, qualitative notions with respect to the way in which enzyme properties
      control metabolism are discussed in the light of the control analysis developed
      by H. Kacser and J. A. Burns ( (1973) in: Rate Control of Biological Processes,
      Davies DD, ed., Cambridge University Press, pp. 65-104) and R. Heinrich and T. A.
      Rapoport ( (1974) Eur. J. Biochem. 42, 89-95), and recent experimental data.
      Points at which the existing notions should be adjusted are: Metabolic control is
      shared by enzymes rather than confined to one rate-limiting enzyme per pathway.
      Whether an enzyme exercises strong control on a flux cannot be deduced solely
      from its own properties, nor is it directly related to its distance from
      equilibrium. With respect to metabolic control, enzymes should be classified into
      four groups, rather than two (reversible versus irreversible). The distribution
      of control among the enzymes depends on the metabolic conditions. Control
      structures of metabolic pathways probably differ with the function of that
      pathway.

PMID- 6365198
TI  - Trout red blood cells treated with proteases fuse when placed on glass slides.
AB  - Treatment of trout red blood cells (RBC) with proteases and polyethylene glycol
      (PEG) either successively or concurrently caused cell fusion. Neither PEG nor
      protease treatment alone brought about the fusion of cells in suspension.
      However, incubation of RBC on glass slides with proteases caused extensive
      fusion.

PMID- 6365199
TI  - [Local and general changes during recovery from inflammatory lung diseases].
AB  - Cytohistochemical and biophysical methods were used to study the development of
      pulmonary inflammation induced by introduction into the trachea of a foreign body
      (a caproic thread) and the process of recovery after removal of that thread. The
      morphogenesis of the recovery was demonstrated to include interrelated processes
      of inhibition, regression, inflammation and regeneration. The features of and
      interrelations between local (pulmonary tissue) and general (blood) changes
      marking the processes indicated are described.

PMID- 6365200
TI  - Identification of human lymphoma cells by antisera to malignancy-associated
      nucleolar antigens.
AB  - The non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) are a diverse group of human lymphoid neoplasms
      that have long presented pathologists with formidable diagnostic challenges.
      These tumors of the immune system are thought to represent neoplastic
      transformations of most of the recognized stages in T and B lymphocyte ontogeny.
      Lymphoma cells, however, often simulate their normal lymphocytic counterparts
      both morphologically and cell surface phenotypically, creating difficulties in
      discriminating normal from neoplastic lymphocytes. We have used heteroantisera to
      the human malignancy-associated nucleolar antigen (HMNA) to prospectively
      evaluate its efficacy in identifying the morphologically neoplastic cells in NHL
      lesions. In 65 cases of T and B cell histopathologic types of NHL, the antisera
      reacted with nucleoli in the morphologically and cytogenetically neoplastic
      lymphoma cells, but not with normal-appearing lymphoid and other cell types
      present in the lesions. Control specimens from normal and hyperplastic lymphoid
      tissue also failed to react with anti-HMNA antibodies. Normal activated lymphoid
      cells in vitro and growth-factor-dependent normal lymphoid cell lines also failed
      to express the nucleolar antigen(s). These data suggest that the HMNA is a
      valuable tumor cell marker for neoplastic human lymphoid cell populations and can
      be used with other types of cell markers for a better definition of the
      neoplastic cells in NHL.

PMID- 6365201
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies differentiating between monocytic and nonmonocytic variants
      of AML.
AB  - Blast cells from 70 cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with a preponderance
      of monocytic variants (M4 and M5), were stained with a panel of 10 monoclonal
      antibodies (MoAb) that react with normal myeloid cells. Two McAb, UCHMI and
      UCHALF, stained cells from nearly every case of M4 and M5 leukemia, but not cells
      from cases of M1/M2 leukemia. Two other antibodies, E11 and UC45, were also
      specific for the monocytic leukemias, but stained cells from a lesser proportion
      of cases. The antibodies TG1, OKM1, Smo, DA2, 28, and 5.5 stained a differing
      proportion of cases in both the M1/M2 and M4/M5 subtypes. Routine morphology and
      alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) staining were largely in agreement with
      the antibody findings, though the interpretation of the fluoride sensitivity of
      ANAE was apparently misleading in 10% of cases. It is concluded that these
      antibodies, particularly UCHMI and UCHALF, will be of considerable value in the
      more precise subtyping of AML and that some of this panel of antibodies will be
      valuable tools for the investigation of normal monocytic differentiation.

PMID- 6365202
TI  - Increased tissue factor activity of monocytes/macrophages isolated from canine
      renal allografts.
AB  - Kidney allografting was performed in a group of ten beagles, and viable
      leukocytes infiltrating the transplanted organs were isolated during episodes of
      acute rejection 5 or 6 days postoperatively. These infiltrate populations,
      consisting predominantly of lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages, were found to
      have significantly increased amounts of procoagulant activity relative to control
      leukocytes isolated from circulating blood and lymph. Using nonspecific esterase
      staining in an agar microclot assay, procoagulant activity in the infiltrate
      leukocytes was found to reside in monocytes/macrophages rather than other
      coisolated cell types. By contrast, control monocytes from blood had no activity
      in this microclot assay. Procoagulant activity in the infiltrate cells was
      characterized as tissue factor. Increased amounts of this activator of the
      extrinsic pathway, as found in infiltrate monocytes/macrophages, may initiate
      clotting reactions and fibrin deposition within allografts.

PMID- 6365203
TI  - Diminished activity of a chemotactic inhibitor in synovial fluids from patients
      with familial Mediterranean fever.
AB  - Synovial fluids from patients with osteoarthritis contain a chemotactic inhibitor
      that acts by antagonizing the complement-derived chemotactic anaphylotoxin, C5a.
      The activity of this inhibitor in synovial fluids from patients with several
      forms of inflammatory arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus
      erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, and gout) were comparable to the activity
      present in osteoarthritic synovial fluids. In contrast, levels of inhibitory
      activity in synovial fluids from 9 patients with familial Mediterranean fever
      were decreased to less than 20% of those found in osteoarthritis fluids. The
      possibility was considered that the diminished inhibitory activity in fluids from
      patients with familial Mediterranean fever plays a part in the pathogenesis of
      the inflammatory attacks characteristic of this disease.

PMID- 6365204
TI  - Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for patients with acute nonlymphocytic
      leukemia.
AB  - Seventy patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) underwent allogeneic
      bone marrow transplantation following cytoreduction with total body irradiation
      and cyclophosphamide. Thirty patients underwent transplantation in first
      remission, 11 in second remission, 3 in third remission, and 26 in relapse. At a
      median follow-up of 30 mo, 17 of those in first remission and 7 of those in
      second remission survive in continuous remission, compared to 1 in third
      remission and 3 in relapse. The 3-yr Kaplan-Meier probability of disease-free
      survival among the various groups was 55% (+/- 9.2%) for the first remission
      transplants, 64% (+/- 14.5%) for second remission, 33% (+/- 20%) in third
      remission, and 10.3% (+/- 6.3%) in the relapse group. Statistical analysis showed
      a similar survival in the first and second remission groups that was
      significantly better than that seen in the third remission and relapse groups (p
      less than 0.01). The improved survival seen in the early remission groups was due
      to a significant decrease in the incidence of relapse posttransplant (p less than
      0.01). These results confirm observations that a significant number of patients
      transplanted in first remission may achieve extended disease-free survival and
      document similar results for patients transplanted in second remission.

PMID- 6365205
TI  - Human malignancy-associated nucleolar antigen as a marker for tumor cells in
      patients with acute leukemia.
AB  - Tumor burden in adult patients with acute leukemia is assessed using the
      percentage of blast cells in the bone marrow or blood. It is clear, however, that
      not all blast cells are leukemic cells, especially during rapid marrow
      regeneration. Similarly, some leukemia cell lines have been shown to
      differentiate in vitro, and the same process also occurs in vivo. Therefore, the
      leukemic burden may be due to more differentiated cells as well as to blast
      cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the human malignancy
      associated nucleolar antigen (HMNA) could be used as a marker for leukemic cells
      and to examine its potential as a diagnostic tool. The proportion of HMNA
      positive cells in the bone marrow of patients with acute leukemia was determined
      by indirect immunofluorescence with antibodies to HMNA and was compared with the
      differential counts routinely made in the clinic laboratory. The percentages of
      HMNA-positive cells among the nucleated cells in the marrow of 72 patients with
      clinical evidence of leukemia were significantly higher (range 9%-98%, median
      83%) than those observed for nonleukemic individuals (range less than 0.05%-2.5%,
      median 1%) or for fractions of marrow cells from normal volunteers enriched for
      normal early progenitor cells (less than or equal to 2%). Patients with leukemia
      in remission had a lower percentage of HMNA-positive cells (range 0%-83%, median
      3%). The percentage of HMNA-positive cells increased as patients approached
      relapse. Although the percentage of HMNA-positive cells was related to the
      percentage of blast cells in the bone marrow of the patients with leukemia, some
      partially differentiated cells were also HMNA-positive in some specimens, and
      some blastic cells were HMNA-negative in other specimens. These studies indicate
      the potential usefulness of HMNA as a marker for leukemic cells.

PMID- 6365206
TI  - Treatment of therapy-induced preleukemic syndrome.
AB  - Two young adult patients with therapy-induced preleukemic syndrome and Hodgkin's
      disease as primary malignancy were treated with aggressive antileukemic regimens
      before the establishment of leukemic conversion. Pretreatment clinical staging
      procedures did not reveal recurrence of Hodgkin's disease. One of the regimens
      consisted of an HLA-identical allogeneic bone marrow transplant and the other of
      high dose cytosine arabinoside. Both therapeutic approaches have proved
      successful in restoring normal hematopoiesis with reversal to normal karyotypes
      and unmaintained remissions 556 and 192 days post-treatment. The rationale for
      such a therapeutic approach in the preleukemic stage of therapy-induced
      leukemogenesis is discussed.

PMID- 6365207
TI  - Outcome of bone marrow transplantation in patients with extramedullary
      involvement of acute leukemia.
AB  - Infiltration of extrahemopoietic tissue with leukemic cells was evaluated as a
      prognostic indicator in 18 patients with acute leukemia undergoing bone marrow
      transplantation. When compared to 107 patients who did not have extramedullary
      leukemia at any time prior to marrow grafting, the patients with leukemic
      invasion into organs outside the hemopoietic system had a significant increase of
      leukemic recurrence and a significant decrease in survival after marrow
      transplantation. Extramedullary leukemia may be a negative prognostic indicator
      for bone marrow transplantation candidates.

PMID- 6365208
TI  - Relation of estrogen and/or progesterone receptor content of breast cancer to
      patient outcome following adjuvant chemotherapy.
AB  - In 1977 the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) initiated
      a prospectively randomized clinical trial to evaluate the relative merits of 1
      phenylalanine mustard and 5-fluorouracil (PF) with and without tamoxifen (T) as
      adjuvant therapy for patients with primary breast cancer and positive axillary
      nodes. A previous presentation of findings noted that there was a strong
      relationship between the outcome of those receiving PFT and the estrogen receptor
      (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) content of their tumors. This report relates
      the outcome of the PF-treated patients in that trial with these tumor receptors.
      It indicates that the results observed following nonhormonal therapy (PF) are
      also related to tumor receptors. Both the disease-free survival (DFS) and
      survival (S) of women following PF therapy were influenced by the ER and PR
      content of their tumors. Subsequent to adjustment for other prognostic variables,
      the predictive influence of tumor ER persisted. Both the DFS (p = 0.0003) and the
      S (p = 0.00003) were significantly higher in those with greater than or equal to
      10 fmol tumor ER than in those with less than 10 fmol ER. The PR significantly
      added to the predictive value of ER. Thus, this analysis is the first to
      demonstrate that having information on both ER and PR is important for predicting
      outcome of patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. The study does not provide
      information which correlates receptor status with the response of patients to
      adjuvant chemotherapy since there is no similar nonchemotherapy-treated group of
      patients in the trial. The findings continue to emphasize that there is a
      heterogeneity in outcome of breast cancer patients to adjuvant chemotherapy which
      is related to an increasing number of host and tumor variables. For proper
      assessment of overall results, it is essential that analyses employ tests for
      interaction to indicate homogeneity or heterogeneity of patient subsets and that
      adjustments be made for imbalances in tumor ER and PR as well as in other
      prognostic factors.

PMID- 6365210
TI  - Psychosocial and physical outcomes of primary breast cancer therapy: mastectomy
      vs excisional biopsy and irradiation.
AB  - Thirty-eight patients treated for primary breast cancer as part of a prospective
      randomized clinical trial were questioned retrospectively as to their
      psychosocial adaptation to treatment. Twenty patients had received mastectomy and
      eighteen had received excisional biopsy plus radiation of the intact breast.
      Aside from body image concerns, there were no marked psychosocial differences
      detected between these groups. Previous studies emphasizing serious psychological
      problems in mastectomy patients and fewer such problems in nonmastectomy patients
      may be influenced by biases that are not present in a randomized study design.

PMID- 6365209
TI  - Chemoendocrine therapy vs chemotherapy alone for advanced breast cancer in
      postmenopausal women: preliminary report of a randomized study.
AB  - From January 1980 to August 1982 the Cancer and Leukemia Group B conducted a
      prospective randomized trial comparing chemoendocrine therapy with T-CAF
      (cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and 5-fluorouracil plus tamoxifen) to CAF alone in
      postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. The patients were stratified by
      estrogen receptor (ER) status into three groups: ER-negative, ER-positive, ER
      unknown. They were also stratified by dominant site of metastatic disease:
      visceral and other (osseous and/or soft tissue). A total of 246 eligible patients
      were enrolled in the study; 232 were evaluable and constitute the basis for this
      report. The study revealed that there was no difference in overall response
      frequency or response duration between T-CAF and CAF; there was no difference in
      response between T-CAF and CAF in ER-positive or in ER-negative patients; and
      there was no difference in response between T-CAF and CAF by dominant site of
      metastatic disease. The expected advantage of T-CAF over CAF, especially for ER
      positive patients, was not observed.

PMID- 6365211
TI  - Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) for premenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer.
AB  - Clinical results of tamoxifen ('Nolvadex'-ICI) monotherapy in 44 premenopausal
      women with advanced breast cancer have been reviewed. Objective tumor regression
      was achieved in 12 (27%) patients and a further 10 (22%) were classified as
      'stabilized'. Median duration of response was 12.7 months at the time of
      analysis. Greatest benefits occurred in soft tissue dominant and receptor
      positive tumors, but there was no correlation between tumor response and other
      clinical manifestations of estrogen deprivation (e.g. menstrual disturbance, hot
      flushes). The benefits of conventional doses of tamoxifen do not therefore appear
      to be influenced by menopausal status and compare favorably to achievements
      reported after surgical oophorectomy.

PMID- 6365212
TI  - [Treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in adults, stages III and IV with favorable
      histology : abstention or therapeutic aggressiveness?].
AB  - Within the inhomogeneous group of non Hodgkin's lymphomas, the natural history of
      lymphomas with favorable histologies, stages III and IV is uncommon; survival can
      be long, but the relapse rate is high, and finally the ten-year survival rate is
      poor. In order to improve these results, various proposals have been made.
      Presently, two main attitudes can be defined. The first one is based on data
      showing a better survival rate when a complete remission has been obtained;
      consequently, a very aggressive treatment scheme (for example an association of
      chemotherapy--including Adriamycin--and total body irradiation) is proposed. The
      second attitude is based on favorable results obtained by a "deferred treatment",
      the patients being treated only when the disease is symptomatic. Actually, the
      review of the literature shows that these two attitudes are complementary rather
      than antagonistic. For a young adult patient, essentially if histology is more
      "intermediate" than really "favorable" and if the patient presents with bulky
      tumoral masses, aggressive treatment must be proposed, because it is the only
      attitude able to achieve complete remission and therefore able to provide chances
      of long term survival. For an older patient, essentially with a very favorable
      histology and without any symptoms such an aggressive therapy appears too risky.
      "Light" treatments and occasionally "deferred treatment" can be proposed in these
      cases.

PMID- 6365213
TI  - Baker's yeast assay procedure for testing heavy metal toxicity.

PMID- 6365214
TI  - [Control of the urinary excretion of the enzyme alpha-glucosidase during the
      administration of fluoride tablets].

PMID- 6365215
TI  - Mary Breckinridge, the Frontier Nursing Service and the introduction of nurse
      midwifery in the United States.

PMID- 6365216
TI  - Plague legislation in the Italian Renaissance.

PMID- 6365217
TI  - The gout of Desiderius Erasmus and Willibald Pirckheimer: medical autobiography
      and its literary reflections.

PMID- 6365218
TI  - Chance and social setting in the application of the discovery of blood groups.

PMID- 6365219
TI  - Neurology and spiritualism in the 1870s.

PMID- 6365220
TI  - Fit for work: the introduction of physical examinations in industry.

PMID- 6365221
TI  - The decline of historicism: the case of compulsory health insurance in the United
      States.

PMID- 6365222
TI  - Walter Pagel (1898-1983).

PMID- 6365223
TI  - From M'Naghten to Hinckley: historians and the possibly insane offender. Essay
      review.

PMID- 6365224
TI  - [Effect of autonomic agents on the secretion of esteroprotease in the rat
      submandibular gland].

PMID- 6365225
TI  - Medical library services in Kuwait: history and future prospects.
AB  - Despite immense resources and a growing interest in education and libraries,
      library development in Kuwait has been restricted by the problems common to all
      developing countries. These include an overdose of bureaucracy, lack of trained
      librarians, and little perception of the library's importance in the educational
      system. Medical librarianship is virtually a new field. The only medical library
      of any significance in the country is the Faculty of Medicine Library established
      in 1974 to serve the newly organized Faculty of Medicine of Kuwait University. In
      recent years, the Faculty of Medicine Library has gone through several
      reassessments and many changes. It has expanded its collection, begun
      computerized searching, and recruited several professional librarians. Now
      semiautonomous from the university's Libraries Department and housed in a new,
      modern building, the library has the potential to become the main medical library
      in the Persian Gulf area.

PMID- 6365226
TI  - An important John Shaw Billings find.
AB  - The autograph of John Shaw Billings, dated 1855, was recently found in an 1855
      edition of George B. Wood's A Treatise on the Practice of Medicine. This may be
      the earliest Billings autograph extant, and it is certainly the earliest
      association of John Shaw Billings with the study of medicine.

PMID- 6365227
TI  - A SERLINE-based union list of serials for basic health sciences libraries: an
      update experience.

PMID- 6365228
TI  - Martin M. Cummings, M.D.: a remarkable man retires with a truly remarkable
      legacy.

PMID- 6365229
TI  - MEDLARS utilization profile in New England.
AB  - The Northeastern Consortium for Health Information's Ad Hoc Committee on Online
      Statistics conducted a three-month MEDLARS utilization study in New England.
      Mailing lists from the New England Regional Medical Library Service and the New
      England Online Users Group were used to solicit participants. Seventy-four
      libraries submitted data on 8,899 MEDLARS searches. Each search was described by
      (1) type of institution; (2) occupation of requester; (3) purpose of search; (4)
      whether requester was a new or repeat user; (5) if the requester was from inside
      or outside the online center's institution; (6) fees-for-service; and (7) choice
      of vendor or vendors for accessing MEDLARS. Overall, patient care and research
      were the most frequently stated purposes of search; 44% of the searches were
      initiated by physicians.

PMID- 6365230
TI  - Permanent pacemaker implantation.

PMID- 6365231
TI  - Tolerability and efficacy of a slow-release indomethacin tablet in ankylosing
      spondylitis.
AB  - The efficacy and tolerability of a new formulation of slow-release indomethacin
      tablet was compared in a double-blind cross-over manner with a conventional
      indomethacin capsule in 30 patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Gastrointestinal
      side-effects and dizziness were less frequent during the slow-release tablet
      period than during the capsule period.

PMID- 6365232
TI  - Contrast agent induced thrombophlebitis following leg phlebography: iopamidol
      versus meglumine iothalamate.
AB  - A comparison was made of the incidence of venous thrombophlebitis resulting from
      the use of a high-osmolality contrast medium (Conray 60%, meglumine iothalamate),
      and a low-osmolality contrast medium (Niopam 61%, iopamidol). In 20 patients
      Conray was injected into one leg and Niopam into the other. The incidence of
      thrombophlebitis was then determined using the iodine-125 fibrinogen uptake test
      in a prospective, randomised, double-blind study. There was significantly less
      thrombophlebitis with Niopam than with Conray and it is concluded that Niopam is
      a safer contrast medium for phlebography.

PMID- 6365233
TI  - Comparison of Hexabrix 320 and Conray 420 for left ventriculography in patients
      with coronary artery disease.
AB  - We compared Hexabrix 320 (580 mOsm kg-1) with Conray 420 (2500 mOsm kg-1) for
      left ventriculography using a prospective randomised double-blind protocol. One
      hundred consecutive patients with suspected coronary disease were assigned to
      Hexabrix (52) or Conray (48) for left ventriculography (dose 10 ml m-2 BSA; flow
      rate 12 ml s-1). Thirteen patients found Hexabrix unpleasant compared with 24
      receiving Conray; overall the feelings of warmth and discomfort were less with
      Hexabrix than Conray (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.02 respectively). The
      incidence of nausea, vomiting, and hypersensitivity was similar. Angiographic
      quality was better with Conray than with Hexabrix (p less than 0.05). Average
      changes in heart rate and systolic pressure were similar, though there was
      greater variation in systolic pressure change after Conray (p less than 0.025).
      End diastolic pressure increased more after Conray than after Hexabrix (p less
      than 0.05). These slight advantages of Hexabrix over Conray may be valuable in
      patients requiring multiple angiograms or in those with impaired cardiac
      function, but do not justify its use for routine angiography.

PMID- 6365234
TI  - Intra-epithelial lymphocytes in the normal epididymis. A mechanism for tolerance
      to sperm auto-antigens?
AB  - Using a monoclonal immunoperoxidase technique on frozen tissue sections of normal
      testis and epididymis, a distinctive distribution of lymphocytes has been
      identified. Almost all of the intra-epithelial lymphocytes were T cells and the
      majority of these belonged to the T8+ ("suppressor/cytotoxic") subset. The
      distribution contrasted with the predominance of the T4+ ("helper/inducer")
      subset in the interstitial tissues and in normal peripheral blood. The
      predominance of the "suppressor/cytotoxic" subset within the epithelium of the
      epididymis may exist in order to prevent the development of the immune response
      to auto-antigens on spermatozoa.

PMID- 6365235
TI  - Treating gonococcal urethritis in men: oral amoxycillin potentiated by
      clavulanate compared with intramuscular procaine penicillin.
AB  - In a study of 121 men with uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis, 64 were treated
      orally with a single dose of 3 g amoxycillin and 250 mg of the specific beta
      lactamase inhibitor, clavulanic acid, and 57 with a single intramuscular
      injection of 2.4 MU procaine penicillin. After seven days, six (9.4%) patients
      treated with amoxycillin and clavulanic acid were still culture positive for
      Neisseria gonorrhoeae, compared with 26.3% of those treated with procaine
      penicillin.

PMID- 6365236
TI  - Single dose treatment of vaginal candidosis: comparison of clotrimazole and
      isoconazole.
AB  - The therapeutic efficacy of a single dose 500 mg tablet of clotrimazole was
      compared with two 300 mg tablets of isoconazole in an open randomised study of
      100 patients with vaginal candidosis confirmed by mycological culture. One week
      after treatment 100% of the clotrimazole treated patients and 98% of the
      isoconazole treated group gave mycologically negative results. Five weeks after
      treatment these figures were 74% and 78% respectively, showing that both regimens
      were equally effective.

PMID- 6365237
TI  - Urethritis caused by group B streptococci: a case report.
AB  - We describe a case of urethritis caused by group B streptococci. The diagnosis
      was confirmed by examination of a Gram stained smear, isolation of the organism
      from the urethral discharge, and also by the clinical response to treatment with
      phenoxymethyl penicillin.

PMID- 6365238
TI  - Treponema pallidum does not synthesise in vitro a capsule containing
      glycosaminoglycans or proteoglycans.
AB  - Treponema pallidum was investigated for its ability to synthesise
      glycosaminoglycans or proteoglycans in vitro. Isolated viable T pallidum
      organisms were incubated with radiolabelled precursors of glycosaminoglycans,
      sodium 35S-sulphate and 3H-glucosamine (tritiated glucosamine). T pallidum failed
      to incorporate sodium 35S-sulphate but did incorporate 3H-glucosamine into a
      macromolecule which may be associated with the surface of the treponeme. This
      macromolecule was resistant to degradation by specific glycosaminoglycanases. We
      conclude that T pallidum does not synthesise a capsule containing
      glycosaminoglycans in vitro.

PMID- 6365239
TI  - Taxonomic studies on some atypical strains of Brucella suis.

PMID- 6365240
TI  - Detection of bovine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli: a comparative study of a
      direct fluorescent antibody technique and conventional culturing methods.

PMID- 6365241
TI  - Antibody response of turkeys to clinical infection with Salmonella typhimurium.

PMID- 6365242
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of glutaminase-like immunoreactivity in the
      auditory nerve.
AB  - The immunocytochemical localization of glutaminase, which we have proposed as a
      marker for excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters was determined in the guinea
      pig auditory nerve. Glutaminase-like immunoreactivity was seen in auditory nerve
      terminals in the cochlear nucleus and in the cell bodies of the auditory nerve in
      the cochlea. This staining was seen in type I and not type II spiral ganglion
      cells. Glutaminase-like immunoreactivity was also observed in granule cells in
      the cochlear nucleus.

PMID- 6365243
TI  - Tamm-Horsfall protein, a kidney marker is expressed on brain
      sulfogalactosylceramide-positive astroglial structures.
AB  - The Tamm-Horsfall (TH) glycoprotein and the acidic glycosphingolipid
      sulfogalactosylceramide (SGC) have a strictly superimposable localization on
      kidney tissue sections. The fact that SGC is a prevalent glycolipid in mammalian
      brain, prompted us to look for the presence of TH in the rat central nervous
      system (CNS). An antiserum raised against human TH was found to react with rat
      CNS homogenate in the complement fixation assay. This anti-TH antiserum
      recognized a rat CNS protein having an identical electrophoretical mobility on
      SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Indirect immunofluorescence on rat
      brain tissue sections allowed us to localize this brain TH cross-reacting
      material to ependymal cells and astrocytic processes such as the Bergmann fibers
      or astrocytic feet in contact with either the blood vessels or the meninges. All
      these astroglial structures are also SGC-positive. Since TH and SGC in the kidney
      are localized on a membrane that possesses an electrogenic Cl-pump, we propose
      that the astroglial structures which contain these two molecules are also the
      site of a Cl-transport system.

PMID- 6365244
TI  - Radioimmunocytochemistry with [3H]biotin.
AB  - The methods presented in this paper grew out of the current need for a more
      quantitative approach to immunocytochemistry. The problem was approached by
      exploiting the high affinity of biotin for avidin in the design of
      radioimmunocytochemical methods using [3H]biotin. [3H]Biotin and avidin D form a
      radioactive complex which can be linked onto a primary antibody by means of a
      biotinylated anti-rabbit IgG or biotinylated protein A link. With both approaches
      it was possible to localize a number of antigens such as somatostatin, substance
      P, avian pancreatic polypeptide, tyrosine hydroxylase, and enkephalin-like
      immunoreactivity in various regions of the rat and human brain. By using tritium
      sensitive film, large regions of the brain could be studied and analyzed
      semiquantitatively using computerized microdensitometry. The technique was also
      taken to the electron microscopic level, and in the case of substance P
      immunoreactivity within the rat substantia nigra silver grains were found to be
      highly localized over axons and axon terminals. It was also possible to
      demonstrate co-existence or lack of co-existence of a number of different
      antigens within neurones. The first primary antibody was localized with
      biotinylated protein A followed by avidin-peroxidase, while the second primary
      antibody was linked to the [3H]biotin again with biotinylated protein A. As an
      example of the potential of these methods for semiquantification, the
      distribution of substance P within postmortem human spinal cord was examined 24
      months after amputation. A 49% loss of peptide was found in the corresponding
      dorsal horn. In summary these methods using [3H]biotin have proved successful in
      quantification, electron microscopy and double labelling studies.

PMID- 6365245
TI  - Origins and terminations of descending noradrenergic projections to the spinal
      cord of monkey.
AB  - This report describes the distribution of noradrenergic cells in the brainstem
      and the pattern of terminal varicosities in the spinal cord of monkey using the
      immunocytochemical localization of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH). Using two
      separate and equally reliable techniques, retrograde transport of the antibody to
      DBH and a double-labeling method, the cells of origin of noradrenergic fibers in
      the spinal cord have been identified. The results of these studies indicate that
      79% of all noradrenergic cells with axons projecting to the spinal cord are
      located in the nucleus subcoeruleus and nucleus locus coeruleus. Other pontine
      noradrenergic cell groups contribute the remainder of the fibers to the cord. No
      medullary cells contribute to the noradrenergic innervation of the spinal cord.

PMID- 6365246
TI  - The development of the retinopetal nucleus olfacto-retinalis of two cichlid fish
      as revealed by horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - Adult patterns and the development of the nucleus of origin of centrifugal
      innervation of the retina, the nucleus olfacto-retinalis (NOR), were studied with
      horseradish peroxidase in 2 cichlid fish species. In the adults large and small
      cells within the nuclear boundaries can be distinguished by their
      cytoarchitecture and their HRP-labelling. The NOR is already formed at hatching
      (5.5 days post-spawning) but cannot be filled by HRP injections into one eye
      until 2 days later. The number of labelled neurons increases steadily until adult
      cell density is reached. Later larval stages show that the NOR neurons also
      increase in size. The two cell types found in the adult can first be
      distinguished at around 30 days post-spawning. Early unilateral enucleation
      reduces the density of the small cells in the contralateral NOR. In spite of
      different environmental constraints on the growth of the larvae, the NOR develops
      in a similar way in both species but always somewhat later in the substrate
      spawner than in the mouth-brooder. The centrifugal innervation of bird (isthmo
      optic nucleus, ION) and fish (NOR) retinae starts at comparable developmental
      stages of the retina, but no cell death as found in the developing ION in birds
      occurs in the developing NOR in fish. It is suggested that this is due to the
      constant adjustment of the NOR to the ever increasing cell numbers in the fish
      retina. The NOR is thus the only known centrifugally projecting nucleus in
      vertebrates which lacks extensive degenerating patterns during early development.
      The known LH-RH immunoreactivity, the two cell types, the early development, and
      the projection to the retina of the NOR in cichlid fish resemble closely
      characteristics of the ganglion of the terminalis nerve of other piscine species.

PMID- 6365247
TI  - Insulin dependent neurite outgrowth in cultured embryonic mouse brain cells.
AB  - Insulin is shown to promote neuronal regeneration in cultures of cells
      dissociated from embryonic mouse brain. The cells grown in the absence of serum
      extend neurites upon exposure to insulin. Insulin also induces ornithine
      decarboxylase activity in these cultures.

PMID- 6365248
TI  - Midbrain LHRH infusions enhance lordotic behavior in ovariectomized estrogen
      primed rats independently of a hypothalamic responsiveness to LHRH.
AB  - Lordotic behavior of ovariectomized estrone-primed rats was measured after
      infusions of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), thyrotropin (TRH) or
      saline into the ventrolateral midbrain central gray (VL-MCG), or after LHRH or
      saline infusions into a lateral control site, the dorsolateral reticular
      formation (DL-RF). Infusion of LHRH, but not TRH, into the VL-MCG increased
      lordotic behavior. LHRH had no effect in the DL-RF. In a second experiment, rats
      were fitted with cannulae in the VL-MCG and in the arcuate-ventromedial nucleus
      area (ARC-VM). Serotonin was infused into the ARC-VM, and LHRH was infused into
      either the ARC-VM or the VL-MCG. Serotonin blocked the behavioral effect of LHRH
      infusion into the ARC-VM, but did not prevent enhancement of lordosis by LHRH
      infusions into the VL-MCG. These results suggest that LHRH infusions into the
      midbrain do not require hypothalamic responsiveness to LHRH for their effect, and
      are therefore unlikely to act by diffusion of LHRH rostrally. The effect of LHRH
      in the midbrain is site-specific, since lateral infusions (1.75 mm away) were
      ineffective.

PMID- 6365249
TI  - Effects of lesions of putative LHRH-containing pathways and midbrain nuclei on
      lordotic behavior and luteinizing hormone release in ovariectomized rats.
AB  - Lordotic behavior and LH release were measured in ovariectomized rats after
      radiofrequency lesions of the midbrain central gray (MCG), interpeduncular
      nucleus (IPN), mammillary bodies (MMM), stria medullaris (SM), or fasciculus
      retroflexus (FR), areas which are reported to contain immunoactive luteinizing
      hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), a hypothalamic decapeptide which has been
      implicated in the neuroendocrine control of lordosis. SM and FR lesions increased
      lordotic behavior after estrone-priming. IPN lesions reversed an increase in
      lordotic behavior seen in IPN sham-lesioned animals treated with estrone. MCG
      lesions decreased lordotic behavior after estrone-priming, while MMM lesions had
      no effect. None of the lesions significantly altered lordotic responsiveness when
      animals were repeatedly mated or were treated with estrone + progesterone. There
      was a slight decrease in serum LH levels in SM animals. Results are interpreted
      in terms of the role of LHRH in control of lordosis, and of midbrain mechanisms
      for influencing lordotic behavior.

PMID- 6365250
TI  - Suppression of fever after lesions of the anteroventral third ventricle in guinea
      pigs.
AB  - Endogenous pyrogen (EP), injected systemically or intracerebrally, evokes fever
      and certain changes in plasma trace metal and glycoprotein levels which are
      characteristic of the acute-phase reaction. It is generally assumed that EP
      enters the brain from the blood, although it has not yet been demonstrated that
      EP crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The possibility that EP might penetrate
      the brain through the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT), which is
      outside of the BBB and located in close proximity to the medial preoptic region
      (MPO, the primary site sensitive to locally applied EP), was investigated by
      making electrolytic lesions (3 mA, 20 sec, anodal) in the anteroventral wall of
      the third ventricle of guinea pigs (AV3V-X). After 10 days, their febrile and
      selected acute-phase responses (plasma iron, zinc, copper, and sialic acid
      levels) to endotoxin (LPS, S. enteritidis, 2 micrograms/kg, IP), which induces EP
      production by the host, were measured; controls were sham-operated guinea pigs.
      LPS did not induce in the AV3V-X animals either fever or rises in plasma copper
      and sialic acid levels; however, as in the controls, it caused hypoferremia and
      hypozincemia. To exclude damage to the MPO as a cause of these responses, sham
      and AV3V-X guinea pigs were administered homologous EP intrapreoptically (1
      microliter bilaterally). Comparable fevers developed in both groups of animals.
      Hence, the integrity of the AV3V region including the OVLT seems to be critical
      for the EP-induced elevations of both body temperature and plasma levels of acute
      phase proteins, but not for the fall of plasma iron and zinc levels. It may be
      that EP passes into the brain through the OVLT.

PMID- 6365251
TI  - Different localizations of Met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in rat forebrain
      and spinal cord using hydrogen peroxide and Triton X-100. Light microscopic
      study.
AB  - The histological distribution of met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity was studied
      in the forebrain (particularly the striatum) and the spinal cord of the rat using
      the indirect peroxidase-labelled antibody method. In most experiments, vibratome
      sections of formaldehyde-fixed tissues and purified antibodies were used. The
      search for optimal conditions for the immunohistochemical reaction lead us to
      establish that met-enkephalin-containing perikarya of both untreated and
      colchicinized animals were better demonstrated when tissue were pre-treated with
      diluted hydrogen peroxide only. The additional treatment of these sections with
      Triton X-100 (or some other detergents) resulted in the near disappearance of the
      perikaryal immunoreactivity; on the contrary, numerous met-enkephalin containing
      nerve fibres and varicosities were then demonstrated in the same region. Using
      only the hydrogen peroxide treatment, we found numerous met-enkephalin-containing
      perikarya in the medial and ventral regions of the neostriatum. This distribution
      was prolonged caudally by the existence of a prominent group of stained somata in
      the ventral putamen-central nucleus of the amygdala. When intraventricular
      injections of colchicine were used, positive perikarya were more numerous within
      the striatum (the globus pallidus excepted) but their distribution was largely
      the same as in non injected animals. However, some new groups of somata were
      stained in this case in the forebrain (in the lateral septum, the olfactory
      tubercle and the hypothalamus particularly). In control animals only few met
      enkephalin-containing perikarya were observed in the dorsal horn of the spinal
      cord when H2O2 pretreatment was used alone and they were numerous only when
      intraspinal injections of colchicine were performed. Met-enkephalin-containing
      fibres and varicosities, which were scattered in the whole neostriatum in the
      conditions used above, became very numerous when the tissue sections were
      incubated in the presence of Triton X-100. Their density increased markedly from
      the latero-dorsal to the medio-ventral regions but, in addition, an organization
      under the form of islands of stronger immunoreactivity was also evidenced. These
      islands were more numerous ventrally in the anterior neostriatum and in the
      central region of the "putamen." The dense plexus of immunoreactive nerve fibers
      forming "tube-like structures" which was always observed in the paleostriatum and
      in the cranial medial forebrain bundle (islands of Calleja) appeared more diffuse
      when detergents were used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6365252
TI  - Met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in rat forebrain and spinal cord using
      hydrogen peroxide and Triton X-100. Ultrastructural study.
AB  - Using two immunocytochemical methods, we have shown in light microscopy that the
      met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity within striatum and spinal cord of the rat
      is differentially distributed in either perikarya or nerve terminals according to
      the technical conditions used [1]. The present electron microscopic study has
      been undertaken in order to elucidate the subcellular localization of
      immunoprecipitates according to the same technical conditions. In the
      neostriatum, numerous met-enkephalin-containing perikarya were stained
      (principally at the level of rough endoplasmic reticulum) when tissue sections
      were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) only, prior to the immunocytochemical
      procedure. However, injections of colchicine were required to demonstrate
      perikarya in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. At variance with previous
      results, numerous dendritic profiles and nerve terminals were also reactive in
      this condition. Neurotubules, mitochondria, large granular vesicles (LGVs) and
      small synaptic vesicles were stained within these structures. The addition of a
      low concentration of Triton-X-100 (0.02%) in the first incubation medium often
      resulted in the disappearance of most perikarya and in the staining of only LGVs
      in nerve terminals. The addition of a higher concentration of Triton-X-100 (0.1%)
      produced diffusion of immunoprecipitates at the level of nerve terminals, which
      was probably responsible for the increased intensity of staining and,
      subsequently, for the better demonstration of fibre varicosities in light
      microscopy. On the contrary, the disappearance of reactive perikarya seemed to
      result from the diffusion of the non-protected peptide out of the cytoplasm. The
      diverse ultrastructural localizations of met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in
      striatum and spinal cord are finally discussed in light of intrinsic connections
      or afferents described in the literature.

PMID- 6365253
TI  - Localization of Met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity within pain-related nuclei
      of cervical spinal cord, brainstem and midbrain in the cat.
AB  - Met-enkephalin immunoreactivity was investigated with an indirect
      immunoperoxidase technique in the cervical spinal cord, brainstem and midbrain of
      the cat, paying special attention to pain-related nuclei. Different technical
      conditions were used to reveal preferentially met-enkephalin-containing fibres
      and terminals or perikarya. Immunoreactive fibres and terminals were revealed
      optimally in sections from control animals incubated with detergent (Triton X
      100). Immunoreactive perikarya were revealed in colchicine treated animals.
      Comparison between different routes of administration showed that local
      injections of colchicine are needed to reveal optimally immunoreactive perikarya
      in nuclei located far from the ventricles. Met-enkephalin-containing fibres and
      terminals are widely distributed in the posterior brain and spinal cord. The
      densest network of immunoreactive fibers are observed in the superficial layers
      of the cervical spinal cord and the caudal trigeminal nucleus, in the nucleus of
      the solitary tract, the nucleus of the facial nerve, the nucleus of the
      prepositus hypoglossi, the nucleus raphe pallidus, the medial vestibular nucleus,
      the interpedoncular nucleus and the substantia nigra. A moderate staining of
      fibres is observed in various nuclei including the ventral horn of the spinal
      cord and caudal trigeminal nucleus, the brainstem and midbrain reticular
      formation, the inferior olivary complex, the nucleus of the descending trigeminal
      tract and the periaqueductal grey. Met-enkephalin-containing perikarya are
      present in all the nuclei cited before, except in the inferior olivary complex.
      The densest aggregation of enkephalin-like perikarya is observed in the nucleus
      raphe magnus, nucleus raphe obscurus, nucleus raphe pallidus, nucleus reticularis
      gigantocellularis pars alpha and nucleus reticularis lateralis. The general
      distribution of enkephalin-containing structures in the cervical spinal cord,
      brainstem and midbrain of the cat appears very similar to that of the rat except
      in the substantia nigra where met-enkephalin cell bodies are found in the cat but
      not in the rat. In particular the pain-related nuclei present a similar
      distribution of the peptide in the two species; however, met-enkephalin
      containing cell bodies are much more numerous in the cat than in the rat (notably
      in the reticular formation). Similar types of met-enkephalin innervation occur in
      the dorsal and intermediate grey of the spinal cord and of the caudal trigeminal
      nucleus supporting further that the functional organizations of these regions are
      closely related.

PMID- 6365255
TI  - [Barbiturate tolerance and dependence. Molecular mechanisms].

PMID- 6365254
TI  - Mapping of cholinergic neurons associated with rat supraoptic nucleus: combined
      immunocytochemical and histochemical identification.
AB  - Recent electrophysiological experiments have suggested that electrical
      stimulation of an area dorsolateral to the rat supraoptic nucleus (SON) activates
      a cholinergic pathway to the vasopressin neurons of the SON. As no detailed
      information is available concerning the distribution and projections of the
      cholinergic neurons in this area, we have sought to provide this using a
      combination of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunocytochemistry and
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry. In some cases, these techniques were
      applied to the same neurons. Almost all neurons just outside of the SON that
      showed ChAT-like immunoreactivity also stained densely for AChE. These cells were
      distributed in a region dorsolateral to the SON. Light, punctate AChE staining
      around SON neurons was observed predominantly in the more ventral and posterior
      parts of the nucleus and were suggestive of synaptic terminals. Cholinergic
      fibres were found to enter the SON mainly from a lateral direction, turning in an
      anterior or posterior direction inside the nucleus. These results support the
      conclusion of earlier studies that the major cholinergic input to the SON arises
      in its immediate vicinity. We hypothesize that these ChAT/AChE-positive neurons
      are those responsible for cholinergically mediated, osmotically-stimulated
      release of vasopressin.

PMID- 6365256
TI  - [From physiologic muscular senescence to pathologic muscular senescence].

PMID- 6365258
TI  - [Incomplete spinal cord transection and locomotion in the cat].

PMID- 6365257
TI  - [Closure of inter-ventricular communications in the infant and young child (less
      than 12 kg). Apropos of 776 cases].

PMID- 6365259
TI  - [Development of specific immunotherapy technics in immediate hypersensitivity].

PMID- 6365261
TI  - [Reimplantation and revascularization of the thumb using microsurgical technics -
      apropos of 90 cases].

PMID- 6365260
TI  - [Aspirin-induced disease. Attempt at treatment by induction of tolerance].

PMID- 6365262
TI  - [Attempt at methodology of automated document retrieval in the biomedical
      sciences].

PMID- 6365263
TI  - [Plasma thyroglobulin : a new surveillance index for post-operative follow-up of
      differentiated thyroid cancers. Personal data and critical remarks].

PMID- 6365264
TI  - [Gonococcal infections; study of the western region comprising 2 surveys].

PMID- 6365266
TI  - Staging laparotomy and splenectomy for Hodgkin's disease: current status.

PMID- 6365265
TI  - Aging of natural and acquired immunity of mice. I. Decreased natural killer cell
      function and hybrid resistance.
AB  - Two "natural resistance" functions, natural killer (NK) cell activity against YAC
      1 lymphoma cells and rejection by irradiated mice of parental-strain or H-2
      allogeneic bone marrow cell grafts (hybrid or allogeneic resistance) were
      compared in mice at ages between 10 weeks and 26 months. NK cell numbers, as
      assessed by target-binding cells, decreased to one-half that of young mouse
      spleen cells, whereas NK lytic function was much more depressed. Hybrid, but not
      allogeneic, resistance to marrow grafts was weakened by 17 months of age. The
      immunogenicity of marrow stem cells of old Fl hybrid mice had not changed. The
      interferon inducer polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (pI:pC) restored hybrid
      resistance to marrow grafts but only weakly boosted NK cell function in old mice.
      Incubation of spleen cells of old mice with beta interferon resulted in a weak
      boosting of NK cell activity. No cells capable of inhibiting NK cell function
      were detected in the spleens of old mice. These findings in old mice were similar
      to findings in young mice treated with 89Sr, with the exceptions that both hybrid
      and allogeneic resistance to marrow grafts are defective in 89Sr-treated mice and
      pI:pC failed to restore hybrid resistance in mice treated with 89Sr. This loss of
      "natural resistance" by aged mice, perhaps mediated by marrow-dependent effector
      cells, can partially explain the increased incidence of tumors in aging
      populations.

PMID- 6365267
TI  - Routine staging laparotomy for patients with Hodgkin's disease is no longer
      necessary.

PMID- 6365269
TI  - Regional management of liver metastases. I.
AB  - This is the first of a two part series. In this issue, Part I presents the
      natural history of liver metastasis and various proposed staging systems.
      Indications for surgical resection, which remains the treatment of choice are
      reviewed. For the majority of patients with unresectable metastases of the liver,
      various regional treatment approaches seem to give higher response rates than
      systemic chemotherapy. Technical aspects and therapeutic results of infusion
      chemotherapy via the hepatic artery and ligation of hepatic artery alone are
      considered. The totally implantable pump represents and advance in long-term
      infusion chemotherapy.

PMID- 6365268
TI  - Differential binding to human mammary and nonmammary tumors of monoclonal
      antibodies reactive with carcinoembryonic antigen.
AB  - Splenic lymphocytes of mice immunized with membrane enriched fractions of human
      mammary carcinomas were fused with the NS-1 nonsecretory++ myeloma cell line. The
      resulting hybridomas were screened for the synthesis of immunoglobulins reactive
      with human mammary tumor associated antigens, and two IgG monoclonal antibodies
      (B1.1 and F5.5) were identified as being reactive with purified carcinoembryonic
      antigen (CEA). These antibodies were shown to bind to different epitopes on CEA
      based on their differential reactivities to five different purified CEA
      preparations, and their differential binding to the surface of tumor cells
      derived from various organ sites. Monoclonal B1.1 bound equally to the surface of
      human breast, colon, and melanoma cell lines. Monoclonal F5.5, on the other hand,
      did not react with the surface of melanoma cell lines, and showed a differential
      binding to breast carcinoma versus colon carcinoma cells. Monoclonals F5.5 and
      B1.1 were both used in immunoperoxidase studies with fixed tissue sections of a
      variety of histologic types of human mammary carcinomas and were shown to be
      reactive with 55% and 66%, respectively, of tumor masses.

PMID- 6365270
TI  - Consistent chromosome abnormalities in human leukemia and lymphoma.

PMID- 6365271
TI  - Regional management of liver metastases. II.
AB  - Metastatic cancer of the liver has a dominant influence upon survival despite the
      presence of metastasis in other sites. For patients with untreated liver
      metastases, the median survival after diagnosis is 75 days, and only 7% survived
      1 year. Prognosis of hepatic metastasis is related to the extent of liver
      involvement, and various staging systems have been proposed (Table I.1). Hepatic
      metastases are quite resistant to conventional systemic chemotherapy. Surgical
      resection is the treatment of choice whenever possible, but the resectability
      rate is rather low and the surgical mortality relatively high. Patients with
      solitary metastasis and those with primary in the colon, especially females, have
      had the best results. Regional chemotherapy to the liver has the advantages of
      achieving higher local concentrations of drug, prolonging the contact of drug and
      tumor cells, and reducing systemic toxicity. Infusion catheter can be placed
      either percutaneously or directly at the time of celiotomy. Many reports show
      that hepatic IA infusion of chemotherapeutic agents (5FU or FUDR) can give
      favorable response in 55%-80% of the cases and can prolong survival in comparison
      with untreated patients or patients receiving systemic chemotherapy (Tables I.2
      and I.3). Some investigators have added one or more other agents to improve the
      therapeutic results. For instance, patients who were refractory to 5FU or MMC
      given as a single IV drug responded to the combination infusion therapy. Evidence
      from animal and human studies have demonstrated that both primary and metastatic
      tumors in the liver receive their blood supply almost exclusively from the
      hepatic arterial system, whereas normal liver tissue has a double supply: the
      hepatic artery and the portal vein. Thus, deliberate ligation of the hepatic
      artery has been used as a treatment of metastatic tumors of the liver. From 1966
      to 1981, some 518 patients were reported to have undergone this operation as
      compared to 2327 patients treated with hepatic IA infusion chemotherapy (Table
      I.4). Although selective necrosis of tumor nodules has been demonstrated after
      HAL, there is always a shell of viable malignant cells left at the periphery.
      Thus, several series have administered chemotherapeutic agents either to the
      distal hepatic artery or to branches of the portal vein to prevent tumor
      regrowth. Currently there is no definite evidence that HAL with added infusion
      chemotherapy to the liver gives better response and/or survival results than
      infusion chemotherapy via the hepatic artery only and/or via the portal vein
      branches. The availability of a totally implantable infusion pump represents a
      remarkable advance in long-term i

PMID- 6365272
TI  - Oncogenes and cancer.

PMID- 6365273
TI  - Pharmacology of intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
AB  - In this review of the pharmacology and clinical application of intraperitoneal
      drug administration, we have tried to acquaint the reader with the current state
      of the art. At this juncture it is important to outline briefly some of the major
      remaining questions. First, as we have discussed, the analysis of tumor
      penetration is at present poorly formulated and needs more detailed analysis.
      Second, the current catheter arrangements are adequate but certainly not ideal.
      Third, there is need for Phase I and pharmacologic data on additional drugs to
      provide greater flexibility in terms of combination chemotherapy. Finally, and
      most importantly, there is a need for a series of careful randomized clinical
      trials to be done which will assess the clinical value of this form of treatment
      in the situations listed in Table 3.

PMID- 6365274
TI  - Prospects for the immunological management of lethal tumors.

PMID- 6365275
TI  - Initiation-promotion versus complete skin carcinogenesis in mice: importance of
      dark basal keratinocytes (stem cells).
AB  - Tumor promotion research has accelerated at an explosive level during the past
      decade and continues to do so because of its importance to the understanding of
      the induction of human cancer. Furthermore, the promotion process, being mostly
      reversible allows one to find very effective ways to prevent cancer. The
      extensive data available as well as the multistage nature of tumor promotion
      suggests that this process, which is thought to occur in most tissues where
      cancer can be induced or occurs spontaneously, may involve the interaction of a
      number of environmental factors such as chemical, radiation, viruses and diet and
      nutrition, thus unifying all of the current areas of cancer research. In terms of
      human cancer, smoking, asbestos, radiation, alcohol and diet, and nutrition just
      to mention a few, are not thought to have more than a promotional influence in
      the carcinogenesis process. Here and in later papers we will discuss some
      important aspects of promotion as well as discuss the possible controversial
      nature of this process. In this review we present data which suggest that
      carcinogenesis can be operatively and mechanistically divided into various
      stages.

PMID- 6365276
TI  - Chemical-viral interactions in cell transformation.

PMID- 6365277
TI  - Mechanisms of tumor promotion: potential role of intercellular communication.

PMID- 6365278
TI  - International perspectives on child abuse.
AB  - This paper reviews an extensive sampling of the international literature on child
      abuse. The paper focuses on: (1) where the international research on child abuse
      is being conducted; (2) similarities and differences in definitions of abuse and
      violence; (3) the types of research methods and theoretical models used to study
      abuse; and (4) what we currently know about child abuse in other countries. The
      paper concludes with a discussion of how we can advance our understanding of
      child abuse by pursuing cross-cultural research. Awareness of child abuse,
      internationally, varies a great deal, often depending on the political, social,
      economic, and cultural milieu of the country. Also, despite noticeable trends
      within countries, the research techniques and theoretical models used to guide
      scientific investigations vary considerably from one country to the next. For
      these reasons, one must draw conclusions about the patterns, causes, and extent
      of child abuse around the world very tentatively. There is much variation as to
      the likelihood of children being abused, although western, industrialized nations
      report the highest rates of abuse. Explanations for the variation of child abuse
      from one country to the next emphasize cultural differences in attitudes towards,
      and values placed on children, and the cultural appropriateness of using violence
      as a means of social control.

PMID- 6365279
TI  - [Comparative study of various flasking technics].

PMID- 6365280
TI  - [Experimental study on the dento-prosthetic junction in fixed dentures. 2.
      Influence of the coping spacing on retention. Supplemental manipulations].

PMID- 6365281
TI  - [Cementation and the internal surface of cast metal crowns].

PMID- 6365283
TI  - Marketing of dental services (try utilizing auxiliaries more).

PMID- 6365282
TI  - [2 parameters influencing marginal adaptation of nickel-chromium alloy castings
      for use in the construction of ceramo-metal crowns].

PMID- 6365284
TI  - Modern management concepts for dental practice (a perspective on management).

PMID- 6365285
TI  - A status report on dental implants.

PMID- 6365286
TI  - CDA committee report: applicants to Canadian dental schools 1982-1983. Who are
      they? What are they like? Canadian Dental Association.

PMID- 6365287
TI  - British Columbia's Medical Services Act--some disquieting implications.

PMID- 6365288
TI  - Metastatic disease and the dentist.

PMID- 6365289
TI  - Sinus tracts of odontogenic origin in the face and neck.

PMID- 6365290
TI  - Thermodynamic profiles for alcohol dehydrogenase action in free solution.
AB  - Stopped-flow equipment was used to study the kinetics of the reaction between
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and ethanol, catalyzed by yeast alcohol
      dehydrogenase. By measuring rates over a range of concentrations of NAD and
      ethanol and of temperatures, thermodynamic profiles were obtained for the
      reaction, which occurs by an ordered ternary complex mechanism with NAD adding
      first. There are significant negative entropies of activation and negative
      entropy changes for the addition of NAD and of ethanol; the breakdown of the
      ternary complex is, however, accompanied by a positive entropy of activation. The
      results are consistent with structural constraints associated with the binding of
      the substrates, these restraints being to some extent removed when the ternary
      complex undergoes reaction. The system follows a similar pattern to that found
      with three different varieties of lactate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 6365291
TI  - Properties of a catalase from a peroxide-resistant mutant of Proteus mirabilis.
AB  - A catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) from Proteus mirabilis PR, a mutant with strong
      resistance to hydrogen peroxide, was purified to homogeneity and compared with
      catalase from wild-type P. mirabilis. In crude extracts from the mutant, catalase
      was present as two different entities called A and B, that could be resolved by
      ion-exchange chromatography. The B form was transformed into A. The pure catalase
      preparation contained the A form only. This catalase was not found to be
      different from the wild-type enzyme, considering its molecular weight, subunit
      composition, isoelectric pH, and reactivity to specific antibodies. Partial
      proteolytic cleavage of the two bacterial enzymes with four different proteases
      proceeded at the same rate and produced identical patterns. However, pure
      catalase from the mutant had a specific activity against H2O2 of 2.7 X 10(7) M-1
      X s-1, and its purity index (A406/A280) was 1.12. These values were higher than
      previously determined for the wild-type enzyme. Furthermore, the mutant catalase
      was more stable to heat. The results suggest that the purified catalase (A form)
      differs from the wild-type enzyme and appears to be a more efficient catalase
      against H2O2. Both enzymes were found to be much more resistant than beef liver
      catalase to the classically used catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole.

PMID- 6365292
TI  - The case for pencils (eh, computers) in nursing education.

PMID- 6365293
TI  - Computers in nursing education. Abroad--the computer assisted learning project
      (CAL) at the Nightingale School.

PMID- 6365294
TI  - Comparison of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the indirect
      hemagglutination and complement fixation tests for detecting antibodies to
      Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.
AB  - Caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived swine were exposed to a broth culture of a
      low passage field isolate of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae by intranasal inoculation.
      The intranasal-inoculated swine subsequently were commingled with their litter
      mates to effect transmission via contact-exposure. Sera were collected from the
      swine at two to four week intervals for approximately one year postexposure and
      evaluated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect
      hemagglutination and complement fixation tests. The intranasal-exposed swine
      seroconverted earlier, developed higher titers and remained indirect
      hemagglutination and complement fixation positive longer than the contact-exposed
      swine. It was concluded that the antibody response of intranasal-exposed swine
      was artificially high and that sera from such swine were not suitable for
      evaluating the sensitivity of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine serodiagnostic
      tests. The indirect hemagglutination test was relatively insensitive and
      technically cumbersome and the least promising as a practical field test. The
      complement fixation test appeared to be slightly more sensitive in detecting
      early antibody production (especially in contact-exposed swine) but it was the
      least sensitive in detecting late antibodies. The ELISA was generally the most
      sensitive procedure. Individual high ELISA titers were from ten to 32 times
      greater than maximum complement fixation and indirect hemagglutination titers.
      The most striking difference among the three tests was the persistence of high
      ELISA titers late in the study. All swine were ELISA positive at necropsy
      approximately one year postexposure despite the fact that lungs were devoid of
      lesions and culturally and immunofluorescent negative for M. hyopneumoniae.

PMID- 6365295
TI  - Ureaplasma serotypes associated with the bovine urogenital tract.
AB  - One hundred and thirty-one ureaplasma isolates were tested using the
      immunoperoxidase system. Thirty-four were from semen, 34 from preputial washes of
      normal bulls and 63 were from vaginal swabs from herds experiencing infertility
      problems and/or vulvovaginitis. The serotypes from semen were T44 (12.1%), Bu2
      (11.2%), D48 (2.8%), T315 (0.9%) and T288 (0.9%). Those from preputial washes
      were T44 (9.3%), Bu2 (8.4%), T288 (7.5%), D48 (0.9%) and T95 (0.9%). From vaginal
      swabs the serotypes were D48 (22.4%), Bu2 (10.3%), T45 (4.7%), T288 (3.8%) and
      T315 (1.9%).

PMID- 6365296
TI  - Susceptibility of goats and calves after experimental inoculation or contact
      exposure to a Canadian strain of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides isolated
      from a goat.
AB  - Transmissibility of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides infection from
      experimentally inoculated goats to other goats and calves was studied. Eight
      goats and six calves were housed in an 18 m2 room. Six of the goats were
      inoculated endobronchially with strain D44 isolated from a natural case of
      polyarthritis in Ontario. These six goats died within a week of Mycoplasma
      septicemia. The two contact goats or the six calves never showed signs of disease
      and M. mycoides subsp. mycoides was not recovered from these animals. The contact
      goats and four calves were killed 25 days after exposure. They were all
      seronegative, M. mycoides subsp. mycoides was not recovered at necropsy and none
      had pathomorphological changes attributable to this Mycoplasma. The two remaining
      calves were inoculated endobronchially with 10(9) CFU of strain D44 and observed
      for 20 days. They never showed signs of disease and did not have significant
      lesions at necropsy. Both developed a significant serological response to M.
      mycoides subsp. mycoides, although this organism was not recovered during the
      experimental period or at necropsy. This study did not provide evidence for
      transmission of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides from endobronchially inoculated goats
      to contact goats or calves and endobronchially inoculated calves did not develop
      pneumonia. This would suggest that the infection of the goat population in Canada
      with this pathogen would not be a significant threat to the cattle population.

PMID- 6365297
TI  - Clearance rate of gonadotrophin releasing hormone in peripheral plasma of the
      pig.
AB  - Gonadotrophin releasing hormone was administered as an intravenous bolus
      injection into four boars and four ovariectomized sows. Radioimmunoassay of
      concentrations of gonadotrophin releasing hormone in blood collected periodically
      after injection indicated a biexponential decline suggesting a rapid distribution
      to the extracellular fluid and a slower elimination by metabolism. A mean half
      life value of 2.12 +/- 0.95 (SD) minutes was calculated for the first component
      and of 13.15 +/- 2.55 minutes was calculated for the second component of the
      decline in gonadotrophin releasing hormone concentrations. No significant
      difference was detected between boars and sows for half-life value of either
      component. In the four boars, luteinizing hormone values reached a peak in plasma
      20 minutes after injection and that of testosterone at 90 minutes after
      gonadotrophin releasing hormone treatment.

PMID- 6365299
TI  - Epidemiology in a nutshell? Almost.

PMID- 6365300
TI  - Muscle relaxation techniques: a therapeutic tool for family physicians.
AB  - Muscle relaxation techniques are important adjunctive therapy for anxiety-related
      conditions. Family physicians can learn to teach the techniques so as to try
      helping anxious patients themselves rather than automatically referring them to a
      psychiatrist. The exercises are generally acceptable to patients, are easy to
      learn and do not require expensive equipment. They are beneficial in insomnia and
      tension headache, of some value in chronic anxiety states and a useful adjunct in
      hypertension. In this paper the evidence supporting the value of muscle
      relaxation therapy is briefly reviewed, methods of teaching and of practising the
      techniques are described in detail, and answers to some of the questions and
      problems that may arise are presented.

PMID- 6365301
TI  - Is media hype necessary for organ transplants?

PMID- 6365298
TI  - Nonulcer dyspepsia.
AB  - One third to one half of cases of dyspepsia remain unexplained. The cause of
      nonulcer dyspepsia is unknown, but aerophagia, esophageal dysfunction,
      pyloroduodenal dysmotility and the irritable bowel syndrome may be important
      factors in some patients. The symptoms are often affected by diet and emotion.
      History-taking and endoscopy are the most discriminating diagnostic tests.
      Unexplained dyspepsia tends to be a lifelong disease with few, if any, sequelae.
      Nevertheless, reassurance and treatment with a placebo, such as an antacid or
      simethicone, provide effective and safe relief for many patients.

PMID- 6365302
TI  - Absorption of oral aminoglycosides following bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - Four patients with severe gastrointestinal reactions receiving oral
      "nonabsorbable" antibiotics for gut sterilization following bone marrow
      transplantation absorbed clinically significant amounts of aminoglycoside
      (gentamicin and/or tobramycin). Serum concentrations of 2.2, 2.6, 5.8, and 12.0
      micrograms/ml were measured. Two of these patients had acute graft versus host
      reactions and two had severe mucositis following cytoreduction with intensive
      chemotherapy and irradiation. Nephrotoxicity occurred in the latter patients. One
      patient was studied in detail. Her hospital course and investigative results are
      presented. Four additional patients with mild gastrointestinal reactions
      following cytoreduction did not absorb gentamicin when their toxicity was
      maximal. Serum aminoglycoside determinations are necessary in patients receiving
      oral aminoglycosides for gut sterilization following bone marrow transplantation
      if moderate to severe gastrointestinal reactions occur.

PMID- 6365303
TI  - Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia
      secondary to Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - A patient with Hodgkin's disease entered complete clinical remission by
      combination radiochemotherapy. He developed dyshematopoiesis 1.5 years later and
      an overt acute nonlymphocytic leukemia 3 years after diagnosis. A complete
      remission was achieved following 2 courses of intensive polychemotherapy. Four
      months later, while still in remission, he underwent an allogeneic bone marrow
      transplantation (BMT) from an HLA-identical sister. Mild chronic graft versus
      host disease of the skin occurred 3 months after BMT, and now the patient has
      been in complete remission of leukemia for over 2 years. This appears to be a
      unique case of prolonged remission of a leukemia secondary to an intensively
      treated Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 6365304
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the hepatic duct junction. A reappraisal of the histologic
      criteria of malignancy.
AB  - The morphologic distinction between benign and malignant sclerotic processes
      involving the hepatic duct junction may be difficult. To determine reliable
      histologic criteria of malignancy, the authors reviewed 18 cases of clinically
      suspected adenocarcinoma of the hepatic duct junction (Klatskin tumor) retrieved
      from our autopsy and surgical pathology files over the last decade. The lesions
      were compared histologically to a variety of benign sclerotic biliary duct
      lesions, including four cases of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) treated
      surgically over the same time period. A diagnosis of malignancy was confirmed
      histologically in 16 suspected Klatskin tumors, based on the presence of severe
      cytologic atypia (13) and/or perineural invasion (15). The tumor patients
      averaged 59 years of age with a male to female ratio of 2:1. Patients with
      segmental tumor resection and postoperative radiotherapy have survived as a group
      6 months longer (average, 15.7 months) than those treated with drainage
      procedures alone (average, 9.5 months) (P less than 0.005), but have had
      extensive postoperative morbidity. In all the surgical specimens, tumor was
      present at one or more margins of resection. Primary sclerosing cholangitis
      patients were younger (average, 31 years of age) with a similar male
      predominance, but with a strong history of inflammatory bowel disease. All are
      alive up to 6.5 years since disease onset, with comparatively little
      postoperative morbidity. Two clinically diagnosed Klatskin tumors were not
      confirmed on histologic review. Both patients are alive at 1 and 3.5 years
      following onset of disease, having experienced little postoperative morbidity.
      Data indicate that Klatskin tumors are relatively aggressive malignancies,
      distinct from more indolent benign sclerotic disease, but occasionally mimicked
      by it clinically. Malignancy can be diagnosed histologically with adequate tissue
      sampling, thereby facilitating clinical decisions regarding radiotherapy or other
      palliative surgical procedures.

PMID- 6365305
TI  - Immunohistochemical and histochemical tools in the diagnosis of amelanotic
      melanoma.
AB  - The histologic diagnosis of (metastatic) oligomelanotic or amelanotic melanoma
      may be difficult. In most cases this diagnosis can be established with
      conventional light and electron microscopic examination, supplemented with
      staining for melanin on ultrathin sections, but in other cases it remains
      equivocal. Therefore, the melanoma-associated monoclonal antibody NKI/C-3,
      effective on paraffin sections, was tested with an indirect immunoperoxidase
      technique. All 19 metastatic melanomas, used as positive controls, were stained.
      Seventeen of 23 primary melanomas and 8 of 9 initially equivocal eventually
      unequivocal melanomas (Group I) were stained with a diffuse cytoplasmic and in
      some cases locally peripheral pattern. Only two large cell undifferentiated
      carcinomas of 58 histogenetically unrelated but differential diagnostically
      relevant tumors showed localized staining in few tumor cells. Furthermore, 10 of
      20 histogenetically related tumors (neuroendocrine tumors and clear cell
      sarcomas) were positive. These tumors however, can easily be differentiated from
      melanomas by other means. Of 15 equivocal melanomas (Group II) 9 cases reacted
      with NKI/C-3, suggesting that it may be a useful marker for difficult metastatic
      tumors suspect for amelanotic melanoma. Although sensitivity of NKI/C-3 for
      metastatic melanomas is high, its specificity is not sufficient. It therefore can
      be applied most properly in a selected panel of different tumor-associated
      antibodies that are reactive in formaldehyde fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue.

PMID- 6365306
TI  - Enchondromatosis (Ollier's disease) and ovarian juvenile granulosa cell tumor.
AB  - An ovarian juvenile granulosa cell tumor in a 15-year-old white girl is reported.
      The patient had enchondromatosis (Ollier's disease). amd a review of the
      literature revealed two previous reports linking enchondromatosis with ovarian
      sex-cord stromal tumors. This heretofore unrecognized association between these
      two unusual lesions indirectly supports a generalized mesodermal dysplasia in
      patients with enchondromatosis. It also draws attention to the possible emergence
      of ovarian neoplasms in addition to the more frequently encountered
      chondrosarcomas.

PMID- 6365307
TI  - Dermal nerve sheath myxoma. A light and electron microscopic, histochemical and
      immunohistochemical study.
AB  - Two cases of dermal nerve sheath myxoma have been examined by light and electron
      microscopy, and by immunohistochemical and histochemical methods. The
      nomenclature of this tumor has been debated, and the histogenesis unsettled.
      Light microscopically, the lobulated myxoid tumors were generally composed of
      spindle-shaped and stellate tumor cells in an abundant matrix of mucosubstances.
      Ultrastructural features indicated an origin from the peripheral nerve sheath;
      among the pertinent findings were a single or duplicated external lamina
      investing the cells, desmosome-like junctions, cytoplasmic microfilaments and
      myelin figures, and interdigitating cytoplasmic processes. S-100 protein was
      demonstrated by means of the immunoperoxidase technique within both tumors,
      further supporting this origin. The histochemical analysis of the mucosubstance
      showed the presence of sulphated glucosaminoglycans. The name dermal nerve sheath
      myxoma, suggested by Harkin and Reed, is recommended.

PMID- 6365308
TI  - Development of polycythemia vera and chronic lymphocytic leukemia during the
      course of refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
AB  - A case in which polycythemia vera and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
      developed during the course of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is
      described. Observations in this case suggest that ITP was a pre-monitor of the
      clinical development of CLL and preceded the manifestation of polycythemia vera.
      The polycythemia was mild, requiring infrequent phlebotomies, and, as the CLL
      progressed, the requirement for phlebotomy diminished. Evidence of both CLL and
      myeloid proliferation, as well as severe immune thrombocytopenia, persisted
      throughout her course. Studies on lymphocytes revealed characteristics of those
      of CLL. Excellent therapeutic response of the CLL was observed with the use of
      vinblastine and steroids.

PMID- 6365309
TI  - Localization of free secretory component in pleomorphic adenomas of minor
      salivary gland origin.
AB  - Secretory component (a glycoprotein) is an antigenically distinct portion of the
      secretory immunoglobulin A, which has been identified in a number of normal and
      neoplastic epithelial cells. Localization of secretory component was determined
      in pleomorphic adenomas of minor salivary gland origin using the four-step
      peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. Antiserum that detected only free secretory
      component (FSC) was used. Staining for secretory component was noted in the
      epithelium that lined duct-like spaces; but was absent in myoepithelial cells and
      mucous acini. These findings suggest a role for FSC in evaluating the
      histogenesis of various salivary gland neoplasms.

PMID- 6365311
TI  - Serum lipemia: an overlooked cause of tissue hypoxia.
AB  - This article discusses an overlooked subject, namely that serum lipemia affects
      the transfer of oxygen from the blood to the tissues. It discusses several
      mechanisms whereby lipemia limits oxygen diffusion. Observations of improved
      tissue oxygenation in atherosclerotic patients coincident with the clearing of
      lipemia by heparin are described. Conversely, the adverse effects of increased
      lipemia after fat meals upon tissue oxygen are noted. The contribution of hypoxia
      of the arterial wall to atherogenesis is outlined, and its adverse effects in the
      ischemic heart are listed.

PMID- 6365310
TI  - Coronary reperfusion for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction:
      postischemic ventricular dysfunction.
AB  - There has been recent interest in treating acute myocardial infarction with
      coronary reperfusion by fibrinolytic therapy. Experimental studies have shown
      that myocardial infarct size can be reduced by coronary reperfusion. However,
      return of cardiac function, high energy phosphate metabolism, and cardiac
      ultrastructure may be delayed within tissue which is salvaged by coronary
      reperfusion. This postischemic ventricular dysfunction is transient and has been
      termed the 'stunned myocardium' phenomenon. Although reperfused infarcts are
      hemorrhagic, the hemorrhage is confined well within tissue which is already
      necrotic and does not appear to exacerbate the extent of necrosis. Clinical
      trials designed to assess the benefits of reperfusion for the therapy of acute
      myocardial infarction should concentrate on long-term rather than short-term
      changes in cardiac function.

PMID- 6365312
TI  - Blood pressure response and renin release following 4 days of treatment with
      dihydralazine and urapidil in conscious dogs.
AB  - The magnitude and the persistence of blood pressure reduction by dihydralazine
      and urapidil were investigated following treatment over a period of 4 days. The
      experiments were performed on six normotensive dogs, trained to submit to
      puncture of the femoral artery and to stand quietly in a special frame. The first
      dose effects of orally administered dihydralazine (1.42, 7.1 mg X kg-1) and
      urapidil (2.0, 10.0 mg X kg-1) on heart rate, arterial blood pressure and plasma
      renin activity (PRA) were compared with the effects of the substances after 4
      days of treatment. Both compounds caused a dose-dependent decrease in blood
      pressure but in contrast to urapidil the effect of dihydralazine was accompanied
      by large increases in heart rate and PRA. Dose-dependent tolerance to
      dihydralazine but not to urapidil was observed after treatment over only 4 days.
      However, basal blood pressure was significantly lowered after 4 days of treatment
      with urapidil at the high dosage and no further reduction was achieved on the
      fifth day. The importance of persistent counterregulation in the development of
      tolerance to the antihypertensive effect of dihydralazine is discussed.

PMID- 6365313
TI  - [The lobus venae anonymae].
AB  - A paramediastinal shadow in the right upper lobe resembled a cavitary lesion in
      conventional tomography. Computed tomography displayed an anomalous course of the
      right brachiocephalic vein in the upper lobe.

PMID- 6365314
TI  - The surface layer during artificial carious lesion formation.

PMID- 6365315
TI  - Collagen heterogeneity of thickened basement membranes of human diabetic dermis:
      tissular immunolabelling of collagen types I, III and IV by light and electron
      microscopy.

PMID- 6365316
TI  - [Development of pulmonary surgery in Czechoslovakia].

PMID- 6365318
TI  - [The effect of a combined amino acid mixture on metabolic changes in diabetes
      mellitus].

PMID- 6365317
TI  - [Transplantation of the pancreas and kidney in a patient with diabetic
      microangiopathy].

PMID- 6365319
TI  - [100 years of medical districts in Moravia. The history of Czechoslovakian
      priorities in health care].

PMID- 6365320
TI  - [Intermittent chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis. With particular emphasis on
      the contribution of the WHO Cooperative Center for Tuberculosis Chemotherapy in
      Prague].

PMID- 6365321
TI  - [Intermittent treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis--controlled clinical trials in
      Czechoslovakia].

PMID- 6365322
TI  - [The present status of liver transplantation in clinical practice].

PMID- 6365323
TI  - [Unknown letters from Purkinje's father-in-law K.A. Rudolphi to J.J. Berzelius].

PMID- 6365324
TI  - Ultrastructural evidence for endogenous testosterone immunoreactivity in the
      pituitary gland of the rat.
AB  - Several attempts have been made to localize steroids by means of
      immunocytological techniques. However, these methods were found inadequate for
      detecting steroids bound to their receptors. To localize endogenous testosterone
      (T) in its target cells at the ultrastructural level, an immunocytological
      technique was performed on ultrathin sections obtained by cryo-ultramicrotomy. T
      was detected in the pituitary glands obtained from intact male or female rats and
      castrated rats, but not in castrated + adrenalectomized rats. Animals were also
      injected either with testosterone, with other steroids (estradiol, progesterone,
      corticosterone) or with an androgen antagonist (cyproterone acetate). In
      addition, some ultrathin sections were preincubated either with phosphate buffers
      of various pH, corticosterone, cyproterone acetate solution, or with T solution.
      The content of T in the pituitary before and after fixation was measured by
      radioimmunoassay; it decreased after fixation. T immunoreactivity was localized
      in the gonadotropic cells only, both in the male and female rats. At the
      subcellular level, the immunoreactivity was detected in the cytoplasmic matrix
      and in the nucleus. Immunoreactive T disappeared 1) in rats after castration +
      adrenalectomy; by means of radioimmunoassay no T was measured in these pituitary
      glands; 2) in rats injected with 25 micrograms/rat of cyproterone acetate; 3)
      after preincubation of pituitary sections on a drop of cyproterone acetate (1 X
      10(-6) M). The immunocytological reaction was not modified when the rats were
      injected with estradiol, progesterone or corticosterone (1 mg/rat), or after
      preincubation of the sections with corticosterone (1 X 10(-3 M), or a buffer
      solution at pH 7.6. Lower or higher pH values led to a strong decrease in the
      immunoreactivity. After injection of T (15 micrograms/rat) the immunocytological
      reaction was more abundant in the nucleus and less in the cytoplasm. The
      immunoreactivity was again observed when the sections were preincubated with
      cyproterone acetate solution and then with T solution. These data suggest that T
      can be detected by means of immunocytochemistry. It is probably bound to a
      specific binding site.

PMID- 6365325
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of urotensin I neurons in the caudal
      neurosecretory system of the white sucker (Catostomus commersoni).
AB  - The localization of urotensin I has been investigated in the caudal
      neurosecretory system of the white sucker (Catostomus commersoni). The peptide is
      present in all the cells of the system both large and small, in the large axons
      passing to the urophysis, and in fine beaded fibres not only within the urophysis
      but also in a fine plexus lateral to the large cells in the spinal cord proper.
      The possibility that the caudal neurosecretory system is not a functionally
      uniform system but rather a collection of dissimilar cells of different synaptic
      inputs with a common entity, urotensin I, is discussed. Moreover, the feasibility
      of a urotensin-I feedback loop is described.

PMID- 6365326
TI  - Preparation and discharge of secretion in the subcommissural organ of the rat. An
      electron-microscopic immunocytochemical study.
AB  - The secretion of the subcommissural organ (SCO) of the rat was studied by means
      of immunocytochemistry at the electron-microscopic level with the use of (1) the
      polar embedding medium Lowicryl K4M at -30 degrees C, (2) the protein A-gold
      technique, and (3) a rabbit antiserum against bovine Reissner's fiber (see Sterba
      et al. 1981). Two different substructures of the ependymal and the hypendymal SCO
      cells display a positive immunocytochemical reaction: (1) sacs containing
      flocculent secretion, which originate from the granular endoplasmic reticulum,
      and (2) vacuoles filled with fine granular secretion, which are pinched off from
      the Golgi apparatus. The secretory material of the sacs and the vacuoles is
      discharged both (i) apically into the cerebrospinal fluid and (ii) basally into
      intercellular spaces of the SCO-hypendyma. The apically released secretion is
      condensed to a lamina-like formation, which more caudally assumes the form of
      Reissner's fiber. The route of the basally released secretion remains, however,
      vague. The "periodically striated bodies", which were thought to be morphological
      mediators of the discharge of the secretion into the capillaries, are never
      labeled by gold particles.

PMID- 6365327
TI  - Immunohistochemical study of the adenohypophysis of Typhlonectes compressicaudus
      (Amphibia, Gymnophiona).
AB  - The indirect immunofluorescence method was used to identify and locate LTH-, STH
      , LH-, TSH-, ACTH- and MSH-immunoreactive cells in the pituitary of Typhlonectes
      compressicaudus (Gymnophiona). The present study defines the histological and
      histochemical staining properties of each cell type identified.

PMID- 6365328
TI  - Evidence that oxytocin-secreting neurones are involved in the ultrastructural
      reorganisation of the rat supraoptic nucleus apparent at lactation.
AB  - Pre-embedding immunocytochemistry was performed on vibratome sections of the
      hypothalamus of lactating rats using antiserum directed against oxytocin.
      Electron microscopy revealed that numerous immunopositive somata and dendrites in
      the supraoptic nucleus were in direct apposition, without glial interposition; a
      number of them were also bridged by "double" synapses. The observations support
      the contention that the ultrastructural reorganisation of the nucleus apparent at
      lactation affects the magnocellular neurones secreting oxytocin.

PMID- 6365329
TI  - Genes in S. cerevisiae encoding proteins with domains homologous to the mammalian
      ras proteins.
AB  - The ras genes, which were first identified by their presence in RNA tumor viruses
      and which belong to a highly conserved gene family in vertebrates, have two close
      homologs in yeast, detectable by Southern blotting. We have cloned both genes
      (RAS1 and RAS2) from plasmid libraries and determined the complete nucleotide
      sequence of their coding regions. They encode proteins with nearly 90% homology
      to the first 80 positions of the mammalian ras proteins, and nearly 50% homology
      to the next 80 amino acids. Yeast RAS1 and RAS2 proteins are more homologous to
      each other, with about 90% homology for the first 180 positions. After this, at
      nearly the same position that the mammalian ras proteins begin to diverge from
      each other, the two yeast ras proteins diverge radically. The yeast ras proteins,
      like the proteins encoded by the mammalian genes, terminate with the sequence
      cysAAX, where A is an aliphatic amino acid. Thus the yeast ras proteins have the
      same overall structure and interrelationship as the family of mammalian ras
      proteins. The domains of divergence may correspond to functional domains of the
      ras proteins. Monoclonal antibody directed against mammalian ras proteins
      immunoprecipitates protein in yeast cells containing high copy numbers of the
      yeast RAS2 gene.

PMID- 6365330
TI  - Point mutations identify the conserved, intron-contained TACTAAC box as an
      essential splicing signal sequence in yeast.
AB  - Our previous deletion experiments have shown that a short region of yeast nuclear
      gene introns containing the conserved sequence 5'-TACTAACA-3' is essential for
      splicing. In this report we show that the chemically synthesized decanucleotide
      5'-TGTACTAACA-3', when introduced into a hybrid gene forming unspliceable RNA
      molecules, results in the generation of spliceable transcripts. Single A----C
      transversions in the fourth or eighth position of this sequence eliminated its
      intron-generating capacity. The C----T transition in the fifth position,
      generated by sodium bisulphite mutagenesis, did not affect the efficiency and
      accuracy of splicing. These results clearly demonstrate the biological
      significance of this conserved intron sequence and shed further light on its
      possible functioning.

PMID- 6365331
TI  - Recent progress in studies of the transdifferentiation of eye tissue in vitro.
AB  - A major switch in the overt differentiation phenotypes, which we call
      transdifferentiation, occurs very often in cultures of embryonic eye tissues. The
      systems provide irrevocable evidence for instability in the results of cell
      differentiation, and hence, studies on this topic are expected to contribute much
      to the understanding of the basic mechanisms of cell differentiation. In this
      article, recent work on transdifferentiation, mostly with chick embryos, was
      reviewed. Several new systems of lens transdifferentiation starting from brains,
      adenohypophyses, and other tissues have recently been discovered. Regarding the
      widely known cases of transdifferentiation starting from neural and pigmented
      retina cells, there has been considerable progress in elucidating the factors
      controlling such major switches in differentiation. In particular, efforts are
      under way to attempt to understand the mechanisms of transdifferentiation in
      relation to the transcriptional control of genes coding lens-specific proteins.

PMID- 6365332
TI  - Cell-mediated immunity in rats injected with an antimalaria T-cell line.
AB  - The aim was to develop a pure T-cell line which would enable the study of some
      aspects of the cellular immunity of malaria-injected rodents. For this purpose a
      long-term proliferative antimalaria T-cell line (AMTL) was established. The line
      was developed from splenocytes of rats recovered from a Plasmodium berghei
      infection. After adoptive transfer of the AMTL, some protection was demonstrated
      either by a lower mortality rate after challenge with the parasite or by
      decreased parasitemia in the T-cell injected versus control groups. Specific
      delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was elicited by the AMTL: normal rats
      injected with the AMTL showed a DTH reaction to malaria antigens similar to the
      response observed in convalescent animals. Specificity was demonstrated by a
      marked response of the AMTL injected rats compared to rats injected with a
      control line (anti-purified protein derivative of tuberculin).

PMID- 6365333
TI  - The final touch in the delivery of a fixed prosthesis.

PMID- 6365334
TI  - C3b receptors on the cell membranes of the stimulated mouse macrophages. An
      immunohistochemical study.
AB  - C3b receptors were visualized on the cell membranes of stimulated mouse
      peritoneal macrophages (Mo) by the incubation with cross-reacting swine C3 with
      proof of this latter by FITC- or HRP-conjugated rabbit anti-swine-C3 antibody.
      The FITC-conjugate produced a granular and spotty fluorescence. In
      ultrastructure, the HRP-conjugate revealed minute dense areas of reaction
      product, whose modest numbers were seen in both aldehyde-prefixed and non
      prefixed cell samples.

PMID- 6365335
TI  - The Biological Institute of the Carlsberg foundation: international centre for
      cell biology for 50 years.

PMID- 6365336
TI  - Adipose conversion of mouse bone marrow fibroblasts in vitro: their alkaline
      phosphatase activity.
AB  - By an in vitro colony assay and cytochemical staining, we investigated the
      capacity of mouse bone marrow fibroblasts to differentiate into adipocytes and to
      express alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Glucocorticoids enhanced colony
      formation of the fibroblasts, and stimulated their adipose conversion (55-65% of
      the colonies became adipocyte-positive), but they did not affect ALP activity.
      The fibroblasts became heterogeneous in size and morphology after growing in
      vitro then differentiated into adipocytes. All the cell types had ALP activity,
      and more than 95% of the colonies contained ALP-positive cells. ALP staining was
      strongest in cells in the early stage of adipose conversion, gradually decreasing
      with maturation. Our results indicate that the majority of the mouse bone marrow
      fibroblasts that formed colonies under our culture conditions are preadipocytes.
      We conclude that these fibroblasts originate from adventitial reticular cells
      present in bone marrow stroma because reticular cells have been reported to
      possess high ALP activity and have been suggested to differentiate into
      adipocytes.

PMID- 6365337
TI  - Subcellular compartments and protein topogenesis.
AB  - A cell is surrounded by a plasma membrane. It contains various organelles, most
      of which are enclosed by limiting membranes. The intracellular space is thus
      divided into a number of subcellular compartments. Structurally, a cell is
      composed of membranes and the spaces enclosed by those membranes. In order to
      classify these compartments, the extracellular space has been designated S1 and
      whenever a unit membrane structure is crossed to arrive at the next space, one is
      added to term; the cytoplasmic space becomes S2, the intraluminal space of the
      endoplasmic reticulum and the intermembrane space of the mitochondria S3, and the
      matrix space of the mitochondria S4. Similarly, the plasma membrane is M1, the
      outer membrane of the mitochondria M2, and the inner counterpart M3. This
      classification of the subcellular compartments is useful in understanding a
      number of complicated cellular structures and functions. The intracellular
      transport of newly synthesized protein (protein topogenesis) and the probable
      development of subcellular organelles during phylogenesis of eukaryotic cells is
      discussed in terms of these subcellular compartments.

PMID- 6365338
TI  - [Development of the profession of organization and management of military health
      services during the 25 years of existence of the J.E. Purkinje Military Medicine
      Institute for Research and Continuing Education in Hradec Kralove].

PMID- 6365339
TI  - [Dialectics of changes in professional structure in the development of the
      pharmacy profession].

PMID- 6365340
TI  - [The involvement of Dr. Reinsberg in the academic activities at the Comenius
      University Medical School in Bratislava (1925-1927)].

PMID- 6365341
TI  - [The mother and child in the pediatric department].

PMID- 6365342
TI  - [Child care in Czechoslovakia 20 years ago].

PMID- 6365344
TI  - Eye-banks.

PMID- 6365343
TI  - pH-dependent interaction between methyl mercury chloride and some membrane
      phospholipids.

PMID- 6365345
TI  - Surgery and hospitals: the Sri Lanka tradition.

PMID- 6365346
TI  - Professor Peter Sims (1919-1983).

PMID- 6365347
TI  - Mutagenesis and O6-ethylguanine levels in DNA from N-nitroso-N-ethylurea-treated
      Salmonella typhimurium: evidence for a high mutational efficiency of O6
      ethylguanine.
AB  - The dose-responses for N-nitroso-N-ethylurea (NEU)-induced mutagenesis in the
      hisG46 mutant, Salmonella typhimurium TA1535, and for the formation of O6
      ethylguanine (O6-EtGua) and 7-ethylguanine in the DNA isolated from these cells
      were measured. Mutagenesis and O6-EtGua formation exhibited threshold-like
      behavior, whereas the formation of 7-ethylguanine was linear with dose. These
      results are consistent with a dependence of mutagenesis on O6-EtGua. There was no
      threshold in the production of O6-EtGua in isolated DNA treated with NEU. The
      failure of O6-EtGua to appreciably accumulate in the cellular DNA at low doses of
      NEU was attributed to a saturable, constitutive repair activity in the bacteria.
      Based on (i) the ratio of O6-EtGua in DNA to revertant fraction, (ii) published
      values for the size of the Salmonella genome and (iii) the target size and target
      bases (guanine-cytosine base pairs) for reversion of the hisG46 (missense)
      mutation, it was calculated that about 1/3 of the O6-EtGua's in the DNA led to
      mutations. Using the same calculations and data from previous experiments, a
      mutational efficiency for O6-methylguanine of 2/3 was obtained. Threshold-type
      responses in NEU-induced mutagenesis were observed in the other hisG46 mutants,
      TA100 and TA1975, but not in the frameshift mutant, TA98 where the dose response
      was linear. As TA98 contains the same DNA repair systems as TA100, frameshift
      mutations induced by NEU may result from DNA adducts produced linearly with dose.

PMID- 6365348
TI  - Prognostic factors in the treatment of mild hypertension. The Management
      Committee of the Australian National Blood Pressure Study.
AB  - In the Australian therapeutic trial in patients with mild diastolic hypertension,
      univariate analysis of possible prognostic characteristics (covariates) at the
      time of entry into the study showed a higher incidence of trial end points,
      mainly events due to ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, in older
      subjects, men, cigarette smokers, and those with higher systolic blood pressures
      and lower body mass indexes than in their complementary groups. There was a lower
      incidence of these events in actively treated subjects than in control subjects
      at both high and low levels of incidence of each covariate considered, but
      treatment benefit was most marked in those with lower serum cholesterol levels
      and lower systolic blood pressures. Multivariate regression analyses of data from
      men and women separately, performed with the Cox proportional-hazards model,
      confirmed that the incidence of trial end points increased with age and with
      systolic blood pressure, and showed higher rates in cigarette smokers, which
      increased markedly with decreasing body weight. With respect to the effects of
      treatment, the multivariate analysis showed an increasing benefit with decreasing
      body weight in smokers. The apparent relationship of treatment benefit to
      systolic blood pressure in the univariate analysis did not reach statistical
      significance in the multivariate analysis. The greater benefit from treatment
      related to lower levels of serum cholesterol found in the univariate analysis was
      also found in several preliminary multivariate analyses, but did not reach
      statistical significance in the final model. However, this relationship should be
      tested in other therapeutic trials in progress or recently completed.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6365349
TI  - Nifedipine and conventional therapy for unstable angina pectoris: a randomized,
      double-blind comparison.
AB  - To characterize the potential of nifedipine in the therapy of unstable angina
      pectoris we implemented a blinded, randomly assigned, titrated schedule of
      conventional therapy (propranolol, if not contraindicated, and isosorbide
      dinitrate) or nifedipine for 14 days in 126 patients hospitalized in a coronary
      care unit for ischemic chest pain of less than 45 min duration. There were no
      significant differences between conventionally and nifedipine-treated patients
      with regard to (1) the time to relief of pain as judged by life table analysis,
      (2) the decrease in anginal attacks per 24 hr from day 0 to day 2 (-2.5 +/- 0.4
      for conventional therapy vs; -2.8 +/- 0.3 for nifedipine), (3) the decrease in
      the number of nitroglycerin tablets consumed per 24 hr (-2.0 +/- 0.5 for
      conventional vs -2.1 +/- 0.4 for nifedipine therapy), (4) the percentage of
      patients requiring morphine on day 1 (13% for conventional vs 21% for nifedipine
      therapy), or (5) the percentage of patients who developed infarction (14% in both
      groups). Among the 27 patients who did not respond to initial conventional (n =
      13) or nifedipine therapy (n = 14), five in each group became pain free when the
      opposite therapy (either nifedipine or conventional therapy) was added. In the
      subgroup of 67 patients who were receiving propranolol before randomization,
      addition of nifedipine was more effective in controlling pain than was an
      increase in conventional therapy (p = .026). In the subgroup of 59 patients not
      receiving prior propranolol, initiation of conventional therapy produced more
      rapid pain relief than initiation of nifedipine therapy alone (p less than .001),
      which tended to increase heart rate. Thus, for the study population as a whole
      therapy with nifedipine alone was equivalent to conventional therapy for unstable
      angina, although this overall equivalence may result from a combination of
      superiority of nifedipine therapy in patients previously receiving beta-blocker
      therapy and superiority of beta-blocker therapy in patients not previously
      receiving beta-blockers.

PMID- 6365350
TI  - Nifedipine therapy for patients with threatened and acute myocardial infarction:
      a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison.
AB  - Preliminary clinical and laboratory observations suggest that nifedipine might
      prevent progression of threatened myocardial infarction by reversing coronary
      spasm or might limit necrosis during the course of acute myocardial infarction.
      We screened 3143 patients with ischemic pain of greater than 45 min duration and
      randomly assigned 105 eligible patients with threatened myocardial infarction and
      66 with acute myocardial infarction to receive nifedipine (20 mg orally every 4
      hr for 14 days) or placebo plus standard care. Treatment was started 4.6 +/- 0.1
      hr after the onset of pain. Infarct size index was calculated by the MB-creatine
      kinase (CK) method and expressed as CK-geq/m2 +/- SE. The incidence of
      progression to infarction among patients with threatened myocardial infarction
      was not significantly altered by nifedipine (36 of 48 [75%] for placebo-treated
      and 43 of 57 [75%] for nifedipine-treated patients). Furthermore, infarct size
      index was similar among placebo- and nifedipine-treated patients (16.9 +/- 1.5 MB
      CK-geq/m2, n = 65, and 17.0 +/- 1.5 MB-CK-geq/m2, n = 68, respectively) with
      threatened myocardial infarction who exhibited infarction and for those with
      acute myocardial infarction. Among the 171 eligible patients randomly assigned to
      drug or placebo, 6 month mortality did not differ significantly (8.5% for placebo
      vs 10.1% for nifedipine, NS), but mortality in the 2 weeks after randomization
      was significantly higher for nifedipine-treated patients (0% for placebo compared
      with 7.9% for nifedipine, p = .018).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6365351
TI  - Work capacity and left ventricular function during rehabilitation after
      myocardial revascularization surgery.
AB  - A prospective randomized trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of exercise
      based cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial revascularization surgery (MRS) on
      work capacity (measured in mets) and left ventricular function as determined from
      ejection fraction (LVEF). Twenty-eight patients undergoing MRS were randomly
      assigned to experimental (aerobic exercise, n = 19) or control (muscle relaxation
      and low-level exercise, n = 9) groups. Patients were studied before surgery (T1)
      and 2 (T2), 8 (T3), and 24 (T4) weeks after surgery with first-pass radionuclide
      angiography both while they were at rest and during maximal upright cycle
      ergometric exercise. Subsets of patients were also studied at T2, T3, and T4 at a
      standard workload of 75 W, and during maximal exercise 1 year after surgery (T5).
      Work capacity improved in both groups although significantly more so in the
      experimental group (3.9, 3.8, 6.0, and 7.3 mets and 3.7, 3.7, 4.9, and 5.7 mets
      at T1, T2, T3, and T4 in the experimental and control groups, respectively). The
      differences between groups were significant by T3. Peak exercise LVEF increased
      significantly in both groups from T1 to T2 then decreased at T3 and remained
      unchanged through T5. Peak exercise LVEF at T3 to T5 remained significantly above
      that observed at T1. LVEF responses were not related to the exercise program.
      During a standard workload, heart rate decreased, blood pressure increased, and
      LVEF did not change in either group. After conclusion of the formal protocol
      (T4), work capacity and LVEF did not change for either group throughout an
      additional 6 months (T5).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6365352
TI  - Effect of propranolol in postinfarction patients with mechanical or electrical
      complications.
AB  - In "post hoc" subgroup analyses, a simple classification system for patients,
      based on the presence or absence of findings indicative of electrical and/or
      mechanical complications early during short-term hospitalization, was applied to
      the data from the Beta-Blocker Heart Attack Trial (BHAT). In the largest subgroup
      of BHAT patients who had no reported complications, the 25 month mortality was
      low and the observed benefit of propranolol therapy small. Patients with
      electrical complications only had intermediate mortality and a pronounced effect
      of treatment was observed. Those with mechanical complications had the highest
      mortality and experienced an intermediate relative benefit of beta-blocker
      treatment. They also reported the most adverse effects. Post hoc analyses should
      always be interpreted cautiously. It is important to determine whether these
      findings are present in other completed beta-blocker trials. On the basis of
      these analyses alone it is suggested that the present practice of prescribing
      beta-blockers in postinfarction patients should not be altered.

PMID- 6365353
TI  - Sydney Ringer, calcium, and cardiac function.

PMID- 6365355
TI  - A highly sensitive affinity-column-mediated immunometric assay, as exemplified by
      digoxin.
AB  - We describe a highly sensitive heterogeneous enzyme-linked immunoassay in which
      digoxin is used as the model analyte. An excess of enzyme-labeled monovalent
      antibody is incubated with sample containing the analyte such that all analyte is
      rapidly and quantitatively bound. Excess antibody that does not acquire a antigen
      in its binding site is rapidly removed from the mixture by passage through a
      porous affinity column containing immobilized analyte (or analog), present in
      vast excess. Only the labeled monovalent antibody that possesses an antigen in
      its binding site elutes from the column in the unbound fraction. The label
      present in this fraction is then quantified. Such an assay is extremely sensitive
      and obviates the limitations imposed by antibody affinity constants on
      homogeneous and competitive heterogeneous immunoassays. This assay can be
      performed rapidly and is readily amenable to automation.

PMID- 6365354
TI  - Oral tartrazine challenge in childhood asthma: effect on bronchial reactivity.
AB  - Ten asthmatic children who gave a history of cough or wheeze after orange drinks,
      were tested for tartrazine sensitivity. On separate days, either oral tartrazine
      (1 mg) or a placebo capsule were administered double blind. Bronchial reactivity
      was measured before, 30 and 60 min after ingestion by means of a histamine
      inhalation challenge test. There was no change in baseline lung function after
      tartrazine, but histamine sensitivity (PC20) increased significantly in four of
      the children. No response was obtained to a larger dose of tartrazine (10 mg) in
      four of the non-responders. Alteration in the bronchial reactivity after an oral
      challenge, appears to be a sensitive means of detecting tartrazine sensitivity.

PMID- 6365357
TI  - A general microcomputer program for enzyme immunoassay data reduction.

PMID- 6365356
TI  - Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in serum of cancer patients.
AB  - Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity determined by enzyme immunoassay was
      higher in the serum of cancer patients than that in normal blood donors. The
      highest activity was found among patients having malignancy metastatic to bone.
      The classic colorimetric method showed a broad range of values among normal blood
      donors, and the contrast between normal and cancer patients was less obvious.
      Most of the cancer patients had normal to low alkaline phosphatase activities.

PMID- 6365358
TI  - Comparative efficacy and toxicity of moxalactam and the combination of nafcillin
      and tobramycin in febrile granulocytopenic patients.

PMID- 6365359
TI  - Nocardia osteomyelitis and epidural abscess in the nonimmunosuppressed host.

PMID- 6365360
TI  - Demonstration of placental and placental-like alkaline phosphatase in non
      malignant human tissue extracts using monoclonal antibodies in an enzyme
      immunoassay.
AB  - The occurrence and nature of heat-stable placental-type alkaline phosphatase (Pl
      ALP) in extracts from a variety of non-malignant human tissues has been
      investigated using monoclonal antibodies in a sensitive solid-phase enzyme
      immunoassay. The presence of Pl-ALP was confirmed in testicular, cervical and
      lung tissue extracts, and trace amounts were also detected in extracts from
      mammary and ovarian tissue. Evidence is presented that normal testis contains at
      least two forms of Pl-ALP, the major component being an L-leucine-inhibitable
      placental-like enzyme which is not the D-variant of Pl-ALP. These results have a
      bearing on the occurrence of Pl-ALP and placental-like ALP activity in
      malignancy.

PMID- 6365361
TI  - Further studies on the hypernoradrenergic state of treated hypertensives: effect
      of captopril.
AB  - We investigated the effect of captopril on plasma norepinephrine concentration
      and blood pressure in two groups of hypertensive patients. One group consisted of
      five severely hypertensive patients rendered hypernoradrenergic by administration
      of a minoxidil-propranolol-diuretic regimen. The other group was ten untreated
      mildly hypertensive patients. Two hours after 12.5mg of captopril, blood pressure
      was lowered (p less than .05) in four of the five hypernoradrenergic patients
      from 180 +/- 8/102 +/- 8 to 132 +/- 7/77 +/- 8 mmHg. Chronic administration of
      100-150mg of captopril tid caused no further blood pressure reduction.
      Precaptopril plasma norepinephrine concentration was 925 +/- 206 and two hours
      after the 12.5mg dose was 807 +/- 80 pg/ml. Three months later having advanced
      the dose to 300-450 mg/day it was lower (p less than .05) at 752 pg/ml. The acute
      blood pressure response correlated (r = -0.72, p less than .001) with the
      precaptopril plasma norepinephrine. Precaptopril blood pressure in the mild
      hypertensive patients was 146 +/- 4/98 +/- 1, after a 25-100mg dose it was 137 +/
      6/91 +/- 2 (diastolic p less than .05) and at two months with the same captopril
      dose bid it was 141 +/- 8/88 +/- 4 mmHg (diastolic p less than .01).
      Corresponding initial PNE was 425 +/- 72, two hours after captopril 405 +/- 47
      and 310 +/- 63 pg/ml (p less than .05) with chronic administration. Thus,
      captopril lowers blood pressure in both hypernoradrenergic and eunoradrenergic
      hypertensive patients without increasing plasma norepinephrine suggesting some
      unique dampening effect of this drug on the sympathetic nervous system. Also,
      addition of captopril to triple therapy lowered blood pressure in proportion to
      plasma norepinephrine levels suggesting importance to its action on this
      sympathetic nervous system effector.

PMID- 6365362
TI  - Use of oral converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril for lateralizing renal venous
      renin activity.
AB  - Captopril was administered prior to renal vein renin sampling in an attempt to
      select patients amenable to surgical treatment for renin dependent hypertension.
      Renal venous blood for plasma renin activity was taken only after captopril
      stimulation. Sampling from the antecubital vein before and after this provocation
      showed a marked rise in renin, thereby confirming the efficacy of the test.
      Elimination of the initial selective renal vein sampling shortens the
      catheterization period without affecting the accuracy and dependability of the
      procedure.

PMID- 6365363
TI  - Unilateral hypersecretion of aldosterone associated with adrenal hyperplasia as a
      cause of primary aldosteronism.
AB  - In 3 patients with longstanding hypertension and spontaneous or diuretic-induced
      hypokalemia, the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism was established by the dual
      criteria of non-suppressible plasma aldosterone level and suppressed plasma renin
      activity. Preoperative studies of the etiology for the hyperaldosteronism using
      the postural plasma aldosterone test and adrenal venous steroid measurements gave
      conflicting results. On the basis of the differential adrenal venous steroid
      content, which suggested an unilateral adrenal source for the aldosterone
      hypersecretion, presumed to be adrenal adenoma, each patient was operated upon.
      In each case the excised adrenal revealed adenomatous or macronodular
      hyperplasia. Reinvestigation of the patients 3 to 12 months after the
      adrenalectomy showed that the dynamics of the renin-aldosterone axis was now
      restored to the normal state even though the patients remained hypertensive.
      These findings indicate that unilateral hypersecretion of aldosterone associated
      with adrenal hyperplasia can occur in some patients with primary aldosteronism
      simulating that due to an aldosteronoma. Such observations also raise questions
      about the pathogenesis of the adrenal hyperplasia and seem to add further
      complexity to the evaluation of patients with hyperaldosteronism.

PMID- 6365364
TI  - Increased urinary vasopressin excretion in the DOCA-hypertensive pig.
AB  - A possible role for vasopressin in the development and/or maintenance of DOCA
      hypertension in pigs was studied. In control pigs mean arterial blood pressure
      (MABP), plasma lysine vasopressin (LVP) concentration, the 24-h urinary excretion
      of LVP (ULVPV) and plasma renin activity (PRA) did not change throughout the 30
      days of the experiment. In DOCA-treated pigs MABP began to increase from the
      initial level of 95 +/- 2 mm Hg within 5 days and reached a level of 127 +/- 3 mm
      Hg between days 20-30 (P less than 0.01). At this time in the DOCA treated pigs,
      ULVPV increased threefold (P less than 0.05), although PLVP was unchanged and PRA
      was reduced to almost zero. After 30 days the pigs were fed a low sodium diet.
      This was without effect on MABP, PLVP and ULVPV in control pigs. However, in the
      DOCA-treated pigs, MABP fell from 133 +/- 2 to 112 +/- 6 mm Hg, accompanied by a
      60% fall in ULVPV. PLVP was unchanged. Thus in DOCA-treated pigs, LVP appears not
      to be involved in the development of hypertension, but may be involved in its
      maintenance.

PMID- 6365365
TI  - Opioid peptides and central control of blood pressure.
AB  - The role of endogenous opioids in central modulation of baroreceptor reflex
      function has been assessed in rabbits and in man using stable enkephalin
      analogues and synthetic opiates with a range of mu, delta and kappa opiate
      receptor agonist specificity. In addition the effects of naloxone, a mu opiate
      receptor antagonist, have been studied. In rabbits descarboxy-leu-enkephalin
      (RX783016) given by intracisternal injection reduced baroreflex sensitivity as
      assessed by heart rate responses to phenylephrine, sodium nitroprusside and
      controlled haemorrhage. These effects were prevented by intravenous naloxone.
      Naloxone alone increased the slope of the heart period: mean arterial pressure
      relationship and thus increased baroreflex sensitivity. In conscious man
      essentially similar results were found following intravenous dosing with a stable
      met-enkephalin analogue (DAMME, FK33824) or naloxone with decreases and increases
      respectively in the sensitivity of baroreflex responses to sodium nitroprusside.
      In rabbits and man arterial baroreceptor reflexes mediating heart rate responses
      can be pharmacologically modified by exogenous opiates and may be under some
      tonic endogenous opiate peptide influences.

PMID- 6365366
TI  - Arterial pressure and plasma vasopressin: regulation by neurons in the caudal
      ventrolateral medulla of the rabbit.
AB  - Experiments in the anesthetized rabbit have demonstrated that the caudal
      ventrolateral medulla oblongata contains tonically active vasodepressor neurons
      which are themselves inhibited by GABAergic and glycine-like inputs. Alteration
      of neuronal function in this region also elevates plasma vasopressin levels,
      contributing to, but not completely accounting for, the hypertension and
      pulmonary edema observed after destruction of neurons in the region.

PMID- 6365367
TI  - Identification of cardiovascular cell groups in the brain stem.
AB  - There is now good evidence that there are several distinct groups of cells in the
      brain stem that are capable of inducing marked changes in cardiovascular
      function. This paper briefly reviews the results of recent experiments which have
      identified cardiovascular cell groups in the rostral ventrolateral and
      dorsomedial medulla, and in the periaqueductal grey and ventral tegmentum of the
      midbrain. Results of our experiments as well as those of others suggest that
      excitation of cardiovascular cell groups in the lower brain stem leads to an
      undifferentiated generalized increase or decrease in sympathetic activity,
      whereas excitation of certain midbrain cell groups can evoke a highly co
      ordinated pattern of autonomic and respiratory changes that closely resembles the
      pattern associated with certain behaviours in the conscious animal.

PMID- 6365369
TI  - Modulation of renal baroreceptor function by catecholamines and salt intake in
      the conscious dog.
AB  - We have examined the relationship between plasma renin activity and renal
      perfusion pressure by determining the stimulus-response curve of the renal
      baroreceptor in conscious, uninephrectomized dogs, and the modulation induced by
      catecholamines and varying salt intake. Renal perfusion pressure was controlled
      by step-wise inflation of a constricting cuff previously implanted around the
      renal artery. The stimulus-response curve of the renal baroreceptor may be
      divided into two ranges: a relatively flat portion close to normal pressure (100
      mmHg), and a much steeper section below a "threshold" pressure of 75-80 mmHg.
      Epinephrine (I.V. or I.R.) produced a parallel shift of the curve to the right,
      i.e., a smaller drop in pressure was needed to reach "threshold." Changing the
      diet from normal salt intake (80 meq/day) to a low salt intake (10 meq/day)
      increased the gain of the stimulus-response curve. Thus, the same elevated PRA
      may be reached either by a shift of the curve to the right, or by increase in
      gain.

PMID- 6365368
TI  - Role of adrenaline neurons of ventrolateral medulla (the C1 group) in the tonic
      and phasic control of arterial pressure.
AB  - We have sought to determine if adrenaline neurons of the C1 group are responsible
      for cardiovascular functions heretofore attributed to neurons in the rostral
      ventrolateral medulla. C1 neurons were identified in rat with antibodies to the
      adrenaline synthesizing enzyme, PNMT. These project to spinal cord wherein they
      selectively innervate the sympathetic columns. C1 neurons are also innervated by
      projections, mostly unilateral, from the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS).
      Stimulation of the C1 area electrically, by local injection of the excitatory
      amino acid, L-glutamate, or with the GABA antagonist bicuculline, elevates
      arterial pressure (AP). Bilateral electrolytic lesions, microinjection of GABA,
      or administration of tetrodotoxin, in contrast, collapses AP to levels comparable
      to that of spinal cord transection. After lesions of one NTS, a lesion of the
      contralateral C1 area abolishes all reflex activity elicited by electrical or
      natural stimulation of baroreceptors on the side of C1 lesion without modifying
      resting AP. Lesions of axon bundles of PNMT neurons in the medulla also abolish
      baroreflexes after unilateral NTS lesions. C1 neurons appear to be the neurons
      mediating cardiovascular effects of application of drugs or cold to rostral
      portions of the ventrolateral medulla. We conclude adrenaline neurons of the C1
      area represent the purportedly tonic vasomotor neurons of the rostral
      ventrolateral medulla and mediate the vasodepressor limb of reflexes arising from
      arterial baroreceptors and other cardiopulmonary afferents. Whether the tonic
      vasomotor response to stimulation of C1 neurons is dependent upon the release of
      adrenaline is not yet certain.

PMID- 6365370
TI  - Sodium intake and exchangeable sodium in hypertensive rats.
AB  - Exchangeable sodium, extracellular fluid volume and sodium intake were
      significantly higher in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) than in
      normotensive controls. The increased exchangeable sodium was due to the expanded
      extracellular fluid sodium content. Two kidney one clip Goldblatt renal
      hypertensive rats develop thirst and high renin levels. When drinking saline the
      rats have markedly increased exchangeable sodium levels, but those drinking water
      did not. It is proposed that the exaggerated saline intake leads to a volume
      dependent component of the hypertension in both models. In the SHR both the salt
      appetite and the hypertension may be induced by angiotensin acting via central
      mechanisms.

PMID- 6365371
TI  - Effect of changes in sodium intake on cell transport parameters.
AB  - Changing sodium intake from 70-200 mmol/day elevates blood pressure in
      normotensive volunteers by 6/4 mmHg. Older people, people with reduced renal
      function on a low sodium diet and people with a family history of hypertension
      are more likely to show this effect. The rise in blood pressure was associated
      with a fall in plasma volume suggesting that plasma volume changes do not
      initiate hypertension. In normotensive individuals the most common abnormality in
      membrane sodium transport induced by an extra sodium load was an increased
      permeability of the red cell to sodium. Some normotensive individuals also had an
      increase in the level of a plasma inhibitor that inhibited Na-K ATPase. These
      individuals also appeared to have a rise in blood pressure. Sodium intake and
      blood pressure are related. The relationship differs in different people and is
      probably controlled by the genetically inherited capacity of systems involved in
      membrane sodium transport.

PMID- 6365372
TI  - Glomerular & vascular changes in malignant hypertension.

PMID- 6365374
TI  - [Pilot study on mass screening for cretinism by TSH-EIA (sandwich method)].

PMID- 6365373
TI  - The pathogenesis of hypertension: the Baker concerto.

PMID- 6365375
TI  - [Semi-automatic analysis of serum insulin by enzyme immunoassay].

PMID- 6365376
TI  - A monoclonal antibody to brush border and passive Heymann nephritis.
AB  - An IgG2a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) reacting with the brush border of the renal
      proximal tubule and glomerular capillary wall was produced by fusion of NS1
      myeloma cells with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with renal brush
      border preparations from rat kidney cortex. This antibody reacts with a 90,000
      mol. wt protein which can be isolated by immunoprecipitation of radiolabelled
      brush border or glomerular preparations and localized on these structures by
      immunoperoxidase electron microscopy, thus demonstrating the presence of common
      antigenic determinants. Survey of various organs showed that the MoAb reacted
      with the brush border of the gut, but also with antigens associated with the
      distal vascular system. In the liver antigenic determinants were located along
      the sinusoid walls but mainly on bile canaliculi. Specific glomerular binding
      could be demonstrated in vivo by immunofluorescence after an intravenous
      injection of 2 mg of antibody or by paired label methodology using tracer
      amounts. Kinetics however were dramatically different from those observed in
      classical passive Heymann nephritis since glomerular binding was transient during
      the first hours after injection. Binding was also found in tubular structures, as
      well as in lung, liver, spleen and heart. These results identify a well defined
      antigen-antibody system responsible for the formation of transient
      extramembranous glomerular deposits and may be relevant to some human cases of
      glomerulonephritis. They may also provide new models to study glomerular and
      tubular transfer of membrane bound antibodies.

PMID- 6365377
TI  - Lactoferrin stimulates the production of leucocyte migration inhibitory factor by
      human peripheral mononuclear leucocytes.
AB  - The effect of lactoferrin on the migration of human polymorphonuclear cells was
      investigated. High concentrations of lactoferrin (greater than 250 micrograms/ml)
      markedly inhibited the migration of granulocytes under agarose. This migration
      inhibition could not be neutralized by an antibody against leucocyte migration
      inhibitory factor (LIF), suggesting a direct effect of lactoferrin on the
      granulocytes. Low concentrations of lactoferrin were, however, indirectly capable
      of inhibiting neutrophil migration. The overnight culture of mononuclear
      leucocytes with low concentrations of lactoferrin (10 micrograms/ml) resulted in
      the release of granulocyte migration inhibiting factors in the cell free culture
      supernatant. Strong evidence indicating that the migration inhibiting factors
      were due to LIF, was obtained in experiments whereby the inhibitory activity
      could be completely neutralized by anti-LIF antibodies. The lactoferrin-mediated
      stimulation of LIF release by mononuclear leucocytes could be neutralized by an
      anti-lactoferrin serum, but not by an anti-albumin serum, whereas PPD-induced LIF
      release was not affected by either antiserum. These findings suggest that
      lactoferrin besides its well known anti-microbial properties, may also play a
      regulatory role in the migratory response of polymorphonuclear cells during
      inflammatory conditions.

PMID- 6365378
TI  - Lack of IgG in a healthy adult: a rare case of dysgammaglobulinemia with
      undetectable serum IgG, IgA2, and IgE.
AB  - No IgG of any subclass could be detected in the serum of a normal healthy male
      adult (E.E.) who had no recent history of repeated infections. Markedly increased
      concentrations of both IgM and IgA were present although no IgA2 nor IgE could be
      demonstrated. No anti-immunoglobulin antibodies were present in the serum; when
      used as supplement in in vitro cultures, the serum supported differentiation of
      IgG-producing cells to an equal extent as that of normal serum. No cells with
      surface or intracellular IgG were found in the peripheral blood although low
      numbers of IgG-secreting cells could be induced in vitro after mitogen
      stimulation. No increase in suppressor cell activity was found in cocultivation
      experiments. T-Cell-enriched populations from E.E. were poor inducers of
      immunoglobulin synthesis in allogeneic B cells, and B-cell-enriched populations
      from E.E. could not be triggered to synthesize IgG with the aid of allogeneic T
      cells. Thus, it seems that lack of IgG does not necessarily lead to a highly
      increased susceptibility to bacterial infections.

PMID- 6365379
TI  - Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors and primary antibody response in experimental
      nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - The effect of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis inhibitors on the primary antibody
      response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in rats with aminonucleoside-of
      puromycin (AP) nephrosis was studied. The response to SRBC was determined 5 days
      after intraperitoneal administration of SRBC by measuring IgM antibody-forming
      spleen cells (AFC). In nephrotic rats, SRBC were injected when animals were fully
      nephrotic. A significant decrease in the number of AFC (P less than 0.05) and a
      significant increase in the plasma concentration of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (P less
      than 0.02) were observed in 22 nephrotic rats compared to 24 normal rats.
      Treatment of nephrotic rats with indomethacin (5 mg/kg per day, 8 rats) and
      aspirin (200 mg/kg per day, 7 rats) initiated before the development of nephrosis
      returned the antibody response and the plasma level of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha to
      normal, while the same treatment in control rats did not alter the antibody
      response. These data suggest that in AP nephrosis the observed decrease in
      antibody response to SRBC is likely due to an increase in PG production at the
      time of immunization.

PMID- 6365380
TI  - Immunocompetent and accessory cells in dermatitis herpetiformis.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies were used in conjunction with the biotin-avidin
      immunolectin method and the indirect immunofluorescence method to detect
      lymphocyte subsets in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) in 50%
      potassium iodide (KI)-induced skin lesions and in density-gradient-isolated
      peripheral blood. The proportions of T3-, T4-, and T8-positive lymphocytes in
      peripheral blood in patients with DH were 76 +/- 6, 48 +/- 7, and 28 +/- 4% and
      did not differ significantly from those in healthy controls. Among the
      inflammatory cells in situ in the reticular dermis, 82 +/- 5% were T3-positive
      lymphocytes, indicating a T-lymphocyte dominance in mature KI-induced DH lesions.
      The difference in the proportion of T4-positive lymphocytes in mature DH skin
      lesions and in patient blood was significant (63 +/- 9 and 48 +/- 7%,
      respectively (P less than 0.001), indicating that the composition of the dermal
      infiltrate does not reflect nonselective entrapment of blood mononuclear cells in
      situ. Studies of the kinetics of the local inflammatory response disclosed that
      at the preblister stage endogenous peroxidase-positive cells and granular,
      extracellular peroxidase were observed in the dermal papillae only 6 hr after
      induction, suggesting locally released proteinases as possible complement
      degrading factors. Second, at the same time 63 +/- 15% of the inflammatory round
      cells in the dermis were Ia-positive, endogenous peroxidase-negative, T3- and T6
      negative cells, indicating a pathomorphogenetic role for an early event no longer
      observable in the mature DH skin lesion.

PMID- 6365381
TI  - Effects of prolonged administration of D-penicillamine or captopril in various
      strains of rats. Brown Norway rats treated with D-penicillamine develop
      autoantibodies, circulating immune complexes, and disseminated intravascular
      coagulation.
AB  - D-Penicillamine and captopril, two drugs that induce autoimmune manifestations in
      man, were administered orally for 5 to 10 months to various strains of rats.
      Three to eight weeks after D-penicillamine administration in a dosage of 20 to 50
      mg per day, 73% of Brown Norway (BN) rats became ill. The disease was
      characterized by weight loss, dermatitis, and a high mortality presumably caused
      by disseminated intravascular coagulation. Microscopy revealed widespread
      granulomatous and necrotic lesions. The plasma of these animals contained
      antinuclear antibodies and immune complexes. In the kidney deposits of IgG were
      found in a linear pattern along the glomerular basement membrane. IgG eluted from
      diseased kidneys bound both "in vitro" and "in vivo" to kidney basement
      membranes. BN rats initially receiving 5 mg of D-penicillamine per day and
      subsequently 20 and 50 mg per day did not develop disease. No adverse effects
      were noted in Lewis (LEW) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats treated with 20 or 50 mg
      of D-penicillamine per day, nor in BN and LEW rats treated with 20 mg of
      captopril per day.

PMID- 6365382
TI  - Enumeration of human immunoglobulin-secreting cells by the ELISA-plaque method:
      IgE and IgG isotypes.
AB  - A new system is described for the enumeration of human immunoglobulin-secreting
      cells (ISC), based upon the ELISA methodology. In principle, putative ISC are
      incubated over a solid phase containing bound anti-Ig of the isotype being
      tested. Secreted Ig is immobilized at or near the point of release from the ISC,
      and the resulting Ig fingerprint of the ISC is then visualized by the sequential
      application of an anti-Ig-alkaline phosphatase conjugate, followed by a substrate
      agarose overlay. The system is capable of detecting IgE-secreting cells, and
      pokeweed mitogen-stimulated IgG-secreting cells with sensitivity at least
      equivalent to the protein A hemolytic plaque assay.

PMID- 6365383
TI  - Immunohistological study in sarcoidosis: evaluation at different sites of disease
      activity.
AB  - Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease characterized by enhanced immune responses
      at sites of involvement. For this reason, an immunohistological study using
      monoclonal antibodies against T-cell subpopulations was carried out in order to
      evaluate the topographic distribution of immunocompetent cells in tissue sections
      obtained from a variety of involved organs, such as parenchymal lung, lymph
      nodes, eyes, skin, and liver. Biopsy specimens were also stained for detection of
      immunoglobulins, complement, and fibrinogen deposits. The data demonstrate a
      redistribution of T cells from the blood to all the sites of disease activity
      where they account for the large majority of infiltrating cells, both in the
      early lesions (merely a lymphocytic infiltrate) and in well-organized granulomas.
      Moreover, these cells express a helper-related phenotype, as demonstrated by the
      high Leu-3/Leu-2 ratios, at sites of involvement with respect to the blood
      (blood, 1.8/1; transbronchial lung biopsies, 10.5/1; lymph nodes, 19/1; skin,
      28/1; liver, 22/1; eye, 14/1). In line with this helper infiltration is the
      presence of plasma cells and immunoglobulin deposits, suggesting a local
      hyperreactivity of the B-cell immune system. Both the hypergammaglobulinemia and
      the T lymphopenia usually observed in the blood of sarcoid patients could be
      explained by these observations. Comparative analysis of immunohistological data
      and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) findings provides further evidence that BAL
      cellularity reflects the changes already occurring in lung histology. The studies
      emphasize the importance that immunological phenomena play in the pathogenesis of
      sarcoidosis and provide new insights into the mechanisms leading to the formation
      and maintenance of the sarcoid granuloma.

PMID- 6365384
TI  - Tissue uptake and catabolic studies of 125I SS-B (La) injected into mice.
AB  - The radiolabeled soluble cellular antigen 125I SS-B (La) has a plasma half-life
      of 3 min following iv injection into BALB/C mice. Uptake by Kupffer cells (KC)
      and proximal renal tubular (PRT) cells was demonstrated by autoradiography (ARG).
      That trichloracetic acid (TCA)-soluble products of 125I SS-B appeared in plasma
      within 1 min of iv injection suggests rapid in vivo breakdown. Activated
      peritoneal macrophages (APM) degraded 125I SS-B in a time- and cell-dose
      dependent fashion. These findings suggest that the plasma clearance and
      catabolism of 125I SS-B may be dependent on its interaction with phagocytic
      cells. This rapid antigen elimination may protect against harmful autoantibody
      responses.

PMID- 6365385
TI  - Immune-mediated injury to basement membranes in mice immunized with murine
      laminin.
AB  - Mice immunized with laminin isolated from mouse EHS sarcoma developed immune
      mediated pathological changes in the basement membranes of the kidneys and lungs,
      and in the subendothelial basement membranes of arteries in the kidney.
      Subendothelial and mesangial dense deposits were seen in the renal glomerulus.
      Thickening and splitting of both the glomerular basement membrane and the
      alveolar basement membrane occurred in mice immunized with laminin. Granular
      dense structures were present in the lamina densa of subendothelial basement
      membranes of renal arteries. Staining for in vivo-bound mouse IgG was observed
      primarily along the glomerular basement membrane and in the mesangium by the
      indirect peroxidase technique. Mouse IgG was also detected in the adventitial
      connective tissue of renal arteries and was present focally along tubular
      basement membranes. No circulating antibody was detectable using either Western
      immunoblotting or microELISA techniques.

PMID- 6365386
TI  - Five- to ten-year follow-up evaluation after reconstruction of the anterior
      cruciate ligament.
AB  - Long-term follow-up evaluation of a large number of patients who had undergone
      reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) was performed. Of these
      patients, 87 were treated by reconstruction with the medial one third of the
      medial patellar tendon, and they were examined a mean of 7.9 years after surgery.
      All patients were extensively evaluated and examined by standard clinical
      techniques and a machine specifically designed to quantify primary laxity during
      the anterior drawer and Lachman tests. Seventy-one percent of the patients were
      satisfied with the results, and 69% had good to excellent results by the authors'
      subjective functional criteria. Patients who had the least motion and the best
      check or end points to the Lachman and anterior drawer tests had the best
      functional results. Only ten of the 27 unsatisfactory results occurred because of
      complete failure of the graft. Arthrosis and parapatellar pain were the most
      frequently observed contributing factors to failure in the presence of a
      clinically intact ligament (11 instances each).

PMID- 6365387
TI  - The classic. The role of surgery in the rehabilitation of rheumatoid arthritis
      patients. By Dr. K. Vainio. 1959.

PMID- 6365388
TI  - Transitions in collagen types during endochondral ossification in human growth
      cartilage.
AB  - Immunohistochemical staining for Types I and II collagen in human growth
      cartilage showed that cartilage matrix consists of Type II collagen, whereas bone
      matrix contains Type I collagen. Endochondral ossification began with the
      deposition of Type I collagen by cells derived from bone marrow on the surface of
      the eroded cartilage. However, territorial matrix of the last hypertrophic
      chondrocytes contained both Types I and II collagen, thereby indicating that the
      degenerating chondrocytes initiate the synthesis of Type I collagen. This matrix,
      consisting of Types I and II collagen, is then replaced by newly formed osteoid.

PMID- 6365389
TI  - Evidence for both respiratory syncytial virus and measles virus antigens in the
      osteoclasts of patients with Paget's disease of bone.
AB  - Recent ultrastructural and immunohistochemical evidence supports the hypothesis
      that Paget's disease of bone is a slow viral infection of the Paramyxoviridae
      family. Conflicting evidence for the presence of respiratory syncytial virus
      (RSV), a pneumovirus, or measles, a morbillivirus, has been reported. By the
      indirect fluorescent antibody assay, four RSV antisera were compared with four
      measles antisera on serial sections of pagetic bone or replicate coverslips of
      cells from pagetic bone grown in culture from 30 patients. Results produced
      positive immunofluorescence for RSV in 28 of 29 patients and positive
      immunofluorescence for measles in 11 of 22 patients. Of the 20 patients from whom
      comparable samples could be tested for antigens, 11 were found to harbor both
      antigens. These studies support the hypothesis that Paget's disease of bone is a
      slow viral infection of the Paramyxoviridae family more closely related to the
      pneumoviruses than the morbilliviruses.

PMID- 6365390
TI  - Update and review of chemonucleolysis.
AB  - To update the status of chymopapain in the treatment of herniated intervertebral
      discs, a review of the current literature and data from an unpublished Texas
      study are presented. Studies in animals and humans have consistently demonstrated
      that chymopapain can dissolve the nucleus pulposus. Twenty-eight uncontrolled and
      unblinded clinical trials involving 2845 patients showed a positive response rate
      of 75%. Side effects occurred in 2.4% of chymopapain-treated patients.
      Anaphylaxis, the most serious adverse reaction associated with chemonucleolysis,
      was noted in less than 1% of patients. No deaths were reported. The first double
      blind, placebo-controlled study of chymopapain in the United States demonstrated
      no significant efficacy, but both the design and execution of the study have been
      criticized. Two recent double-blind, placebo-controlled studies showed success
      rates of 73% and 80% for chymopapain, significantly higher than for placebo
      treatment. Postinjection back pain and muscle spasm were the most common side
      effects related to chymopapain administration in one of the trials. In the
      uncontrolled Texas study the success rate in 408 patients treated by chymopapain
      was 93%. Chemonucleolysis has achieved a success rate comparable with that of
      surgery in the treatment of symptomatic herniated discs. Appropriate use of
      chymopapain can result in substantial savings in time and hospital costs.

PMID- 6365391
TI  - Gamma scintigraphy using Tc-99m labeled antibody to human chorionic gonadotropin.
AB  - A case report is presented describing a 27-year-old woman with invasive
      trophoblastic hydatidiform mole metastatic to the lung. Gamma scintiscanning,
      using a polyclonal and monoclonal antibody specific to human chorionic
      gonadotropin, hCG, and labeled with Tc-99m, is described. The area of the primary
      lesion in the uterus was demonstrated with both antibodies tested without
      computer subtraction techniques; metastatic deposits in the lung were detected
      only with the aid of blood pool subtraction techniques.

PMID- 6365392
TI  - Bibliography of Keiji Sano, M.D., D.M.Sc.,F.A.C.S, (Hon.).

PMID- 6365393
TI  - Biography of Keiji Sano, M.D., D.M.Sc., F.A.C.S. (Hon.).

PMID- 6365394
TI  - Cerebral vasospasm and aneurysm surgery.

PMID- 6365395
TI  - The embryology and neuropathology of congenital malformations.

PMID- 6365396
TI  - The embryology of spinal dysraphism.
AB  - The theories of abnormal embryogenesis suggested as explanations for the various
      forms of SBA and occult spinal dysraphism appear in some instances too all
      encompassing, as in Gardner's hydrodynamic theory or Padget's neuroschisis
      theory, or too limited, as in the theory of arrested development proposed by
      Daniel and Strich for the ACM, or just too speculative in many cases. The
      observation of a completed defect does not allow one to venture backwards in
      development to a specific time and cause with any accuracy. Perhaps several
      different causes striking different tissues at different times can set up a
      series of aberrations that lead to morphologically similar mature anomalies. The
      ability of developmental processes to heal themselves, as shown experimentally,
      may obscure the true mechanism and timing of occurrence although the final
      morphological expression may be dramatic. Since the study of human embryogenesis
      in the experimental laboratory is ethically unacceptable although technically
      feasible, the elucidation of the mechanisms of these neural defects will be long
      in coming.

PMID- 6365398
TI  - The orthopedic and orthotic management of the spina bifida child.

PMID- 6365397
TI  - Radiology of spinal dysraphism.

PMID- 6365399
TI  - Anterior approaches to the cervical spine.

PMID- 6365400
TI  - Mechanism of action of chymopapain in ruptured lumbar disc disease.

PMID- 6365401
TI  - Hypercalciuria in clinical pediatrics. A review.
AB  - Idiopathic hypercalciuria is a cause of a variety of urinary tract complaints in
      clinical pediatrics. These include gross or microscopic hematuria, enuresis,
      urinary frequency or urgency, dysuria, sterile pyuria, and proteinuria in
      addition to renal calculi. A random urine calcium-creatinine concentration ratio
      can be used to initially screen for hypercalciuria. Patients with indeterminate
      results should have the test repeated, while those with abnormal values should
      receive a complete metabolic workup to determine the cause of hypercalciuria.
      Identifiable causes of hypercalciuria should be treated specifically, and
      thiazide diuretics are the preferred treatment for uncomplicated renal calculi.
      Pharmacotherapy in children with idiopathic hypercalciuria and symptomatology
      other than renal stones is controversial and should be limited to patients with
      severe clinical manifestations.

PMID- 6365402
TI  - Use of an anaerobic culture jar in processing pediatric throat cultures.
AB  - Two hundred consecutive throat cultures from a Pediatric Walk-in Clinic were
      processed, using both aerobic and anaerobic culture techniques. The 35 aerobic
      isolates of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (BHS) were all confirmed
      anaerobically as well, and there were two additional isolates detected only by
      the anaerobic technique. Of these 37 bacitracin-sensitive isolates, only 24 (65%)
      could be identified at 24 hours using the aerobic technique, compared to 29 (78%)
      using the anaerobic technique. In contrast to this relatively small effect upon
      the isolation of group A BHS, the yield of BHS from groups B, C, F, and G was
      more than doubled by the anaerobic technique. The confusion engendered by the
      improved detection of these bacitracin-resistant BHS using the anaerobic
      technique offset the small advantage in thoroughness and speed of detection of
      group A organisms. On this account, until more is known about the possible
      significance of isolating nongroup A BHS in the pharynx, the advisability of
      using an anaerobic culture jar to process pediatric throat cultures remains
      uncertain.

PMID- 6365403
TI  - Aminoglycoside-related nephrotoxicity in the premature newborn.
AB  - The nephrotoxicity of gentamicin and amikacin was compared during presumed sepsis
      in 107 premature neonates. To examine the possibility that nephrotoxicity was
      directly associated with the clinical conditions of "sepsis," a control group of
      26 chloramphenicol-treated newborns was also studied. Two markers of proximal
      renal tubular injury, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) and beta 2
      microglobulin, were measured in 6-hr aliquots of urine. Because urine creatinine
      excretion increased with postconception age, markers were expressed in terms of
      excretion rate rather than per milligram of creatinine. The NAG excretion rate
      was significantly higher in gentamicin-treated patients (138 +/- 10 U/min, mean
      +/- SE) than in amikacin-treated patients (85 +/- 7 U/min) but did not differ
      between patients treated with amikacin and those treated with chloramphenicol (81
      +/- 11 U/min). Excretion of beta 2-microglobulin did not differ among the three
      patient groups. We conclude that amikacin may be less nephrotoxic than gentamicin
      in the premature newborn.

PMID- 6365404
TI  - Restoration of endodontically treated teeth: avoiding "disquieted cracked-root
      syndrome".

PMID- 6365405
TI  - Individualized laminate veneers.

PMID- 6365406
TI  - Oesophageal involvement in benign mucous membrane pemphigoid.
AB  - Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid is a relatively rare disease characterised by
      the presence of bullous lesions and erosions of the mucous membranes leading to
      scarring. Oral and conjunctival mucosae are most frequently affected.
      Occasionally, the oesophagus is involved and two radiological patterns, webs and
      smooth strictures, are seen.

PMID- 6365407
TI  - Sex hormones and the liver.

PMID- 6365408
TI  - The role of adrenal medullary catecholamines in potassium homoeostasis.

PMID- 6365409
TI  - The effect of prostaglandin E2 upon the biochemical response to infused
      angiotensin II in human pregnancy.
AB  - The effects of angiotensin II infusion without and with simultaneous infusion of
      prostaglandin E2 were studied in 25 women in second trimester pregnancy. Twenty
      received one infusion of angiotensin II alone, followed by its infusion
      simultaneously with prostaglandin E2; five received two identical infusions of
      angiotensin II alone as controls. Angiotensin II infusion alone was associated
      with suppression of plasma renin concentration to levels inversely proportional
      to the evoked change in diastolic blood pressure. Plasma renin substrate
      concentration was unchanged, but plasma aldosterone concentration rose markedly.
      This rise was inversely proportional to the threshold for pressor effect of
      angiotensin II. Prostaglandin E2 administration alone was associated with
      increased plasma renin concentrations. The pressor effect of angiotensin II was
      blunted when given together with prostaglandin E2 and plasma concentrations of
      angiotensin II reached were lower. Plasma renin concentration was again
      suppressed during the joint infusion regimen; the degree of suppression was
      inversely proportional to the change in diastolic pressure. Plasma aldosterone
      concentration rose, but did not differ in the control and experimental groups.
      Thus although the renin-angiotensin system is stimulated in normal pregnancy, the
      normal control mechanisms are still functional, and the capacity for further
      increases in activity exists.

PMID- 6365410
TI  - Urinary 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha in genetically hypertensive rats of the Lyon
      strain.
AB  - In order to assess the pathophysiological role of renal prostacyclin in genetic
      hypertension, the urinary excretion of its main stable metabolite, 6
      ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha, was followed in 12 hypertensive, normotensive and low
      blood pressure female rats of the Lyon strains at the ages of 5, 9, 21, 32 and 45
      weeks. The urinary excretion of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha, which progressively
      decreased in the three strains between 5 and 21 weeks of age, was found to be
      increased in 5- and 9-week-old hypertensive rats and it was reduced in 5-week-old
      low blood pressure rats, compared with age-matched normotensive controls. The
      urinary 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha was found to be significantly related to the
      systolic blood pressure in 5- and 9-week-old rats of the three strains (r = 0.42;
      n = 71; P less than 0.001). These results exclude a primary role in the
      development of hypertension for a genetically determined defect in the renal
      biosynthesis of prostacyclin in the spontaneous hypertensive rat of the Lyon
      strain.

PMID- 6365411
TI  - Effect of unclipping on pressor responses in rats with renovascular hypertension.
AB  - Pressor responses to angiotensin II and noradrenaline have been examined in two
      models of renovascular hypertension (two-kidney one-clip and one-kidney one-clip)
      before and 24 h after removal of the renal artery clip to examine the possible
      role of pressor hyper-responsiveness in the maintenance of hypertension. Early
      and chronic hypertension was studied to assess the part played by progressive
      structural hypertrophy. Plasma renin concentration was elevated in early two
      kidney hypertensive rats, whereas it was similar to that in age-matched normal
      rats in early one-kidney and chronic two-kidney hypertensive rats. Twenty-four
      hours after unclipping plasma renin concentration was the same in all groups.
      Unclipping restored blood pressure to normal levels by 24 h, whereas sham
      operated animals remained hypertensive. Angiotensin II responses in both early
      and chronic two-kidney one-clip hypertensive rats were lower than in age-matched
      normal rats. In unclipped rats responses were similar to those in normals. One
      kidney hypertensive rats had similar angiotensin II responses to normal rats and
      there was no change with unclipping. Blockade of endogenous angiotensin II
      production by converting enzyme inhibition resulted in similar angiotensin II
      responses in hypertensive and unclipped groups. In normal rats, angiotensin II
      responses were inversely related to plasma renin concentration (r = -0.47, P less
      than 0.001). Angiotensin II responses in hypertensive and unclipped rats were
      found to show a similar relationship to plasma renin concentration as normal
      rats. Noradrenaline responses in hypertensive rats were similar to those in age
      matched normals and there was no significant change with unclipping.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6365412
TI  - Dr. Portia.

PMID- 6365413
TI  - Frank McGlone.

PMID- 6365414
TI  - Review of cefonicid, a long-acting cephalosporin.
AB  - The in vitro activity, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, and clinical efficacy
      of cefonicid are reviewed. Also discussed are formulary considerations and
      bacterial resistance. Cefonicid, an investigational agent near approval, is less
      active than other currently available first- and second-generation cephalosporins
      against gram-positive cocci, particularly Staphylococcus. Cefonicid and
      cefamandole have similar activity that is superior to the first-generation
      cephalosporins against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter spp.,
      Enterobacter spp., indole-negative Proteus spp., and Providencia spp. Organisms
      such as Serratia marcescens, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Bacteroides fragilis
      are resistant to cefonicid. Despite a small volume of distribution and high
      protein binding, cefonicid achieves high tissue concentrations. Approximately 90%
      of an administered dose is excreted unchanged in the urine, and the elimination
      half-life is approximately four hours. Cefonicid is usually well tolerated. In
      treating skin infections, cefonicid was usually less effective than cefazolin
      against Staphylococcus aureus. In genitourinary infections, cefonicid 1 g daily
      (as the sodium salt) in a single dose has shown comparable efficacy to
      cefamandole or amoxicillin given in multiple daily doses. Based on available
      data, single daily dosing of cefonicid in the therapy of Staph. aureus
      endocarditis is not effective. In studies of patients undergoing hysterectomy,
      cesarean section, cholecystectomy, and colorectal surgery, cefonicid 1 g given as
      a single preoperative dose has produced results comparable with those of
      cefoxitin 1-2 g (as the sodium salt) given preoperatively and for several doses
      postoperatively. The major clinical uses of cefonicid will probably be as a
      possible cost-reducing alternative (based on a single daily dose) to currently
      available first- and second-generation cephalosporins for the treatment of
      community-acquired pneumonia and infections caused by enteric organisms. It may
      also be useful as a possible cost-reducing alternative to cefoxitin for
      prophylaxis in hysterectomy and biliary tract surgery.

PMID- 6365415
TI  - Current issues in the management of hypertension.
AB  - Major trials evaluating antihypertensive therapy are reviewed, and the current
      issues surrounding the choice of therapy in mild and isolated systolic
      hypertension are discussed. Several major trials have shown that patients with
      mild hypertension benefit from therapy. These results have prompted widespread
      use of antihypertensive agents; however, there are still no clear guidelines on
      when drug therapy should be initiated. Only the Hypertension Detection and Follow
      up Program has shown significant decreases in coronary heart disease (CHD)
      related deaths. Thiazide diuretics are recommended as agents of first choice in
      the stepped-care approach to the management of uncomplicated mild to moderate
      hypertension. The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial evaluated the effects
      of modifying several cardiovascular risk factors in more than 12,000 high-risk
      men. It failed to document significant differences in CHD-related mortality in
      patients who received special care as compared with those who received usual
      care. Concerns have been raised about the contribution of antihypertensive
      therapy, particularly diuretics, to the lack of differences in therapeutic
      outcomes. There is renewed interest in lipid alterations secondary to
      antihypertensive agents and the effect of diuretic-induced hypokalemia.
      Antihypertensive therapy should be instituted with an individualized assessment
      of the potential benefits of therapy relative to the short- and long-term risks
      of treatment.

PMID- 6365416
TI  - Treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis.
AB  - The pathogenesis, clinical signs and symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of chronic
      bacterial prostatitis (CBP) are reviewed. The most common organism associated
      with CBP is Escherichia coli, although infections with Klebsiella, Enterobacter,
      Proteus, Pseudomonas, and enterococci have also been documented. The only
      symptoms of CBP may be those of an acute urinary-tract infection. The use of
      simultaneous quantitative urine cultures represents the most accurate method for
      diagnosing CBP. The use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, the current drug of
      choice for CBP, is based on results in animals showing good penetration of
      trimethoprim into acidic prostatic fluid and the knowledge that normal human
      prostatic fluid is acidic. Studies in patients with CBP, who have alkaline
      prostatic fluid, have demonstrated poor penetration of trimethoprim into
      prostatic fluid, which may explain the cure rate of about 40% seen with
      trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. A few patients have been treated successfully with
      kanamycin and streptomycin, but these drugs must be given by injection.
      Carbenicillin indanyl sodium has been associated with cure rates of almost 70% in
      a small number of studies. Both doxycycline and minocycline have been used to
      treat CBP, but inadequate urine-culture data make these studies difficult to
      evaluate. Erythromycin produced a cure rate of 88% in one study in patients who
      received 500 mg (as the stearate salt) four times daily for 14 days. Local
      injection of antibiotics into the prostate has been reported to be effective in a
      few cases. Although controlled comparative trials with trimethoprim
      sulfamethoxazole are needed, carbenicillin indanyl sodium and erythromycin appear
      to be the drugs of choice for treating CBP; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole should
      be reserved for patients with CBP unable to tolerate or unresponsive to therapy
      with these agents.

PMID- 6365417
TI  - Antiemetic effect of perphenazine versus prochlorperazine intravenously before
      cisplatin therapy.
AB  - Antiemetic effects of perphenazine and prochlorperazine, both administered by
      continuous i.v. infusion after a loading dose, were compared in patients
      receiving cisplatin. Study subjects were 6 men and 13 women for whom other
      antiemetic therapy had failed; each patient was studied during two courses of
      cisplatin therapy. Patients were randomly selected to receive either perphenazine
      or prochlorperazine during the first course; for the second course, each received
      the other antiemetic. During drug administration, nausea, retching, vomiting, and
      side effects of the antiemetic were recorded hourly by the patient and
      concurrently by a pharmacist observer (both blinded). Each patient's scores on
      nausea, retching, and vomiting were compared by drug and by treatment sequence.
      Evaluable data for 17 patients showed that aggregate differences between
      responses to the two drugs were not significant. Fourteen patients had
      significantly less nausea, retching, and vomiting during the second course of
      treatment. Few side effects were reported. Nervousness was experienced with
      prochlorperazine in four patients and perphenazine in one, and drowsiness
      occurred with prochlorperazine in four patients and perphenazine in three.
      Perphenazine and prochlorperazine, when given in equal doses and administered by
      continuous i.v. infusion after a loading dose, were equally effective in
      controlling nausea and vomiting associated with cisplatin therapy.

PMID- 6365418
TI  - Biochemical responses of the myocardium and red skeletal muscle to Salmonella
      typhimurium infection in the rat.
AB  - Previous studies with bacterial infections have demonstrated a reduced exercise
      capacity and equally pronounced catabolic responses in red and white skeletal
      muscle. In the present study, red skeletal muscle and heart ventricular muscle
      were compared in a S. typhimurium model in rats. Two days before median lethality
      was achieved, the activities of one oxidative (cytochrome c oxidase), one
      glycolytic (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and one lysosomal (beta
      glucuronidase) enzyme were determined in the two tissues. The contents of
      protein, RNA and DNA were also determined. The oxidative and glycolytic capacity
      decreased 24-29% in red skeletal muscle but only 7-20% in the myocardium.
      However, the decrease in oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle and myocardium was
      statistically correlated. The protein synthetic capacity (RNA) also decreased and
      was correlated to the protein concentration in both tissues. This metabolic
      impairment of both skeletal and heart muscle probably contributes to the
      deterioration of the physical performance capacity previously observed to follow
      acute infectious diseases. This study emphasizes the importance of the choice of
      reference, such as 'wet' weight, DNA or the entire organ, when evaluating
      metabolic results in biologic tissues and that biochemical alterations in
      skeletal muscle biopsies in bacterial infections do not reflect alterations in
      myocardium reliably.

PMID- 6365419
TI  - The development of the Bjork-Shiley artificial heart valve.

PMID- 6365421
TI  - Mycobacterium chelonei: report of a case of septicemia and review of the
      literature.
AB  - Mycobacterium chelonei was originally included in group IV of Runyon's
      classification of "anonymous" or "atypical" mycobacteria. Although a frequent
      contaminant without clinical significance, this organism has definite pathogenic
      potential. A compromised host with M. chelonei septicemia and disseminated
      candidiasis is described. A review of the literature on M. chelonei human
      infections is also presented.

PMID- 6365420
TI  - Evaluation of a commercial latex agglutination method for toxoplasmosis.
AB  - A commercial latex agglutination test for detecting immunoglobulin G antibody to
      Toxoplasma gondii, the Syn-Kit Toxotest MT, was evaluated in two laboratories
      against the Sabin-Feldman dye test, the indirect immunofluorescence test, and
      FIAX. The Toxotest MT was found easy to perform and required no special equipment
      or training. The latex test was more reactive than the reference procedures but
      compared favorably with them. Failure to properly detect positive sera in two
      early acute cases and in three other cases causes concern and suggests caution in
      using the test for suspected early cases. The Toxotest MT is useful for screening
      for immunoglobulin G toxoplasma antibody and for determining serologic status in
      pregnant women.

PMID- 6365422
TI  - A pseudoepidemic due to Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - A pseudoepidemic due to Salmonella typhimurium occurred in the clinical
      microbiology laboratory of a university hospital and involved 10 patients. One
      patient received "unnecessary" antibiotics. Investigation of the events
      implicated a contaminated rubber pipette bulb. Such bulbs should be considered as
      a possible source of false-positive cultures.

PMID- 6365423
TI  - Antioxidant-stabilized amphotericin B.
AB  - A review of several recent reports shows that many compounds possessing
      antioxidant or mild reducing properties can enhance the bioactivity of
      amphotericin B. Antioxidants apparently retard autoxidative inactivation of this
      primary antifungal antibiotic. Stabilization of amphotericin B in this manner
      might have practical applications. Some important possibilities are identified
      and discussed.

PMID- 6365424
TI  - Caries prevention using a 1.2% sodium monofluorophosphate dentifrice in an
      aluminium oxide trihydrate base.
AB  - A 3-year clinical trial was carried out in France just after fluoride toothpaste
      was allowed to be sold on the mass market. The aim was to assess the caries
      preventive effect of a toothpaste containing the maximum fluoride level permitted
      by the EEC (1.2% SMFP). The trial started with 1318 10-12-yr-old children from a
      wide socioeconomic background in a typical French community. Test toothpaste was
      given to 659 children whereas the remaining 659 children obtained the same
      toothpaste without the fluoride additive. The brushing was unsupervised and
      performed by the children at home. Dental caries was assessed by clinical and
      radiographic examinations. 1061 children completed the trial. An interview
      carried out at the final examination identified a group of 116 uncooperative
      children (less than five brushings a week on average) who were not included in
      the statistical analysis. The following mean reductions were found: 26% for DMFT,
      27% for DMFS, and 39% for DMFSU. The DMFS index for approximal, buccal-lingual
      and occlusal surfaces showed caries reductions of 32%, 25%, and 22%,
      respectively. The trial demonstrated a highly significant effectiveness of the
      1.2% SMFP toothpaste in a French population.

PMID- 6365425
TI  - Survey of the dental health and denture status of institutionalized elderly
      patients in Ireland.
AB  - An investigation was conducted to establish the dental status of 368 elderly
      patients in two geriatric hospitals in Limerick, Ireland, in terms of denture
      status and the number of teeth present. Seventy eight percent of those examined
      were edentulous, but only 27% of edentulous patients were wearing maxillary and
      mandibular dentures. A further 18% wore a maxillary denture only, 21% had
      dentures made but no longer wore them, and 33% had never had dentures. Forty-four
      patients had some maxillary and mandibular teeth present and 20 of these had
      sufficient teeth for masticatory purposes. Very few patients, edentulous or
      dentate, complained of any problems, although 27 were felt to require extraction
      of one or more teeth.

PMID- 6365426
TI  - Alcohol dehydrogenase activity in the developing chick embryo.
AB  - Before day 9 of incubation, chick embryos contain no measurable alcohol
      dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. Following day 9 of incubation, chick embryo liver
      ADH activity increases as a linear function of liver mass. A single dose of
      ethanol given at the start of incubation is cleared only slowly prior to day 9 of
      incubation but is completely cleared by day 13. Chick embryo liver ADH has two
      detectable isozymes throughout development. The percentage contribution of each
      isozyme to total ADH activity does not change significantly during development.
      The Km apparent of chick liver ADH is significantly increased shortly after
      hatching relative to the Km apparent of embryonic ADH. Ethanol exposure during
      incubation has no effect on the development of ADH activity or isozyme
      distribution.

PMID- 6365427
TI  - Comparative biochemistry of the guinea-pig: a partial checklist.
AB  - A great deal is known about guinea-pig biochemistry, but the information is
      scattered and difficult to assemble. The guinea-pig also possesses a number of
      unusual biochemical features which add to its interest. For these reasons we have
      compiled a list of biochemical characteristics of the guinea-pig, organized in a
      series of tables, with brief discussions of some of the entries.

PMID- 6365428
TI  - Detection and characterization of epidermal proteinases by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis.
AB  - Electrophoresis of cornified cell extracts of 2-day-old rats, using SDS
      polyacrylamide gels copolymerized with alpha-casein or gelatin with or without
      plasminogen, was performed. Both Tris-HCl buffer soluble protein and KSCN
      solubilized protein contained a number of hydrolases for alpha-casein and/or
      gelatin, but PA (mol. wts 57 and 50K) was found only in the KSCN extract. The pH
      dependency, substrate specificity and mol. wt of plasminogen-independent
      proteinases were comparatively determined and DFP inhibition tested. This simple
      technique helped to identify the presence of several proteinases and to
      characterize them in partially purified epidermal extracts.

PMID- 6365429
TI  - Use of a microcomputer for the definition of multivariate confidence regions in
      medical diagnosis based on clinical laboratory profiles.
AB  - The use of multivariate confidence regions is proposed for the classification of
      clinical laboratory profiles into diagnostic classes. For this purpose, a
      multivariate confidence region is developed for each diagnostic class. Three
      methods (UNEQ, EQ, and SIMCA) are evaluated and compared with classical linear
      discriminant analysis. As an example, a small data set concerning the
      differentiation of the thyroid functional states on the basis of five laboratory
      tests is used. It is shown that related procedures can produce results of very
      different quality and that the multivariate region approach is attractive for the
      clinician's daily practice since the methods are easily implemented on a
      microcomputer.

PMID- 6365430
TI  - Knowledge engineering: a daily activity on a hospital ward.
AB  - Two common barriers against the development and diffusion of expert systems in
      medicine are the difficulty of design and the low level of acceptance. An
      original experience which entails potential solutions of these issues is reported
      on: the task of knowledge engineering is performed by residents and medical
      students on a psychiatry ward. They developed a computer program for the
      psychopharmacological treatment of depression, using a sophisticated knowledge
      acquisition system, EMYCIN. The knowledge engineering sessions are analysed in
      detail and a structured method is proposed. A transcript of a sample run of the
      resulting program is presented along with an evaluation of its performance,
      acceptance, educational potential, and amount of endeavour required. The impact
      of the knowledge engineering process itself is then assessed both from the
      residents and the medical students standpoint. Finally, the possibility of
      generalizing the experiment is examined.

PMID- 6365431
TI  - A psychoacoustic effect upon mood and its relation to affective instability.

PMID- 6365432
TI  - The role of psychotherapy in chronic depressions: a proposal.

PMID- 6365433
TI  - Schneider's first rank symptoms and the tabulators.

PMID- 6365434
TI  - Chronic pain and depression: a review.

PMID- 6365435
TI  - Evaluation of cerebral circulation by dynamic scintigraphy.

PMID- 6365436
TI  - Three generations of Doctors Bigelow at Harvard.

PMID- 6365437
TI  - Whose tetralogy is it? A short history of the tetralogy of Fallot.

PMID- 6365438
TI  - Natural resistance to animal parasites.

PMID- 6365439
TI  - Antigenic characterization of plasmodia.

PMID- 6365440
TI  - Roles of surface antigens on malaria-infected red blood cells in evasion of
      immunity.

PMID- 6365441
TI  - Rodent models of filariasis.

PMID- 6365443
TI  - Immunity in schistosomiasis: a holistic view.

PMID- 6365442
TI  - Examination of strategies for vaccination against parasitic infection or disease
      using mouse models.

PMID- 6365444
TI  - Immunopathology of parasitic diseases: a conceptual approach.
AB  - These studies would indicate tremendous variations in the clinical manifestations
      of parasitic disease, resulting from characteristics of the parasite, the host,
      and their interaction. They further suggest that the conceptual mechanistic model
      described in the introduction is highly applicable. Previous evidence to
      substantiate the validity of such a model in schistosomiasis, a variety of
      protozoan diseases, and leprosy has already been presented (Phillips and Fox,
      1982). This report would appear to lend additional credence to the postulates and
      suggests that upon scrutiny, the model represents a reasonable explanation for a
      wide variety of clinical manifestations of a parasitic disease. In addition, it
      may provide a working hypothesis for the interpretation of the immunopathology
      found in other diseases such as filariasis. Figure 3 compares and contrasts
      schistosomiasis and filariasis within the context of this hypothesis.
      Immunopathology results from the relative balance of host-parasite immunogenic
      factors and modulatory specific and nonspecific factors. The resultant
      immunopathology results from a number of immunologic mechanisms, but for the sake
      of comparison can be placed in certain analogous groups. Clearly, although a
      number of experimental questions still exist, vis-a-vis these analogies, it would
      appear that they are reasonable comparisons. It is hoped that such a conceptual
      approach might provide a useful framework for an understanding of the spectrum of
      immunopathology resulting from parasitic disease. These concepts might possibly
      lead to the eventual control of immunopathology.

PMID- 6365445
TI  - Cellular immunity to malaria and babesia parasites: a personal viewpoint.

PMID- 6365446
TI  - Intracellular mechanisms of killing.

PMID- 6365447
TI  - Induction and expression of mucosal immune responses and inflammation to
      parasitic infections.

PMID- 6365448
TI  - Immediate postplacental IUD insertion: a randomized trial of sutured (Lippes Loop
      and TCu22OC) and non-sutured (TCu22OC) models.
AB  - A randomized clinical trial concerning immediate post-placental insertion (IPPI)
      of the Delta Lippes Loop, Delta TCu22OC, and TCu22OC was undertaken to assess the
      effect of the addition of catgut strands on IUD performance. A total of 906
      devices were inserted and the subjects followed for 20 months, at which time
      14,136 woman-months experience had been accumulated. The Delta Loop constantly
      had inadmissibly high expulsion and pregnancy rates. The two T-IUD models had
      significantly lower rates of expulsion and pregnancy, and these rates were
      similar for the sutured and the non-sutured TCu22OC. Immediate postplacental
      insertion of the three IUD models was totally safe in terms of infection and
      perforation. Due to the difficulty of insertion and high expellability, the Delta
      Loop is considered unfit for IPPI. Performance of the TCu22OC was good but the
      results did not indicate that "suturing" improved the retainability of this IUD
      model significantly.

PMID- 6365449
TI  - Etheno-substituted nucleotides and coenzymes: fluorescence and biological
      activity.

PMID- 6365451
TI  - Critical problems in spatial vision.
AB  - In recent years the study of spatial vision seems to have come almost full
      circle. Localized stimuli (such as lines, bars, and edges) were abandoned in
      favor of textured patterns (such as sinusoidal gratings), a trend that was
      accelerated by the discovery that gratings of sufficiently different spatial
      frequencies or orientations (stimuli localized in the Fourier domain) were
      detected independently. This led to various attempts to model form vision in
      terms of spatial frequency analysis. More recently there has been a shift toward
      models that include, once again, the local aspects of spatial processing; this
      trend is more consistent with both retinal and cortical physiology. (Still
      surviving is the notion of a complete set of orthonormal basis functions, but not
      sinusoidal ones.) Other important developments include attempts to model
      spatiotemporal interaction, and the discovery that spatial processing takes on an
      entirely different character in the absence of any temporal variation (i.e., when
      the retinal image is stabilized). We attempt to trace these developments in terms
      of a selected group of representative studies, which we examine in some depth.

PMID- 6365450
TI  - Mechanistic studies of cAMP-dependent protein kinase action.
AB  - The details of the process by which protein kinase catalyzes phosphoryl group
      transfers are beginning to be understood. Early work that explored the primary
      specificity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase action enabled the synthesis of
      small peptide substrates for the enzyme. Enzyme-peptide interactions seem simpler
      to understand than protein-protein interactions, so peptide substrates have been
      used in most protein kinase studies. In most investigations the kinetics for the
      phosphorylation of small peptides have been interpreted as being consistent with
      mechanisms which do not invoke phospho-enzyme intermediates (see, for example,
      Bolen et al.). Protein kinase has been shown to bind two metal ions in the
      presence of a nucleotide. Using magnetic resonance techniques the binding of
      these ions has been utilized to elucidate the conformation of nucleotide and
      peptide substrates or inhibitors when bound in the enzymic active site. Also, two
      new peptides with the form Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Y-Gly, where Y was either Pro or
      (N-methyl)Leu, were synthesized and found not to be substrates, within the limits
      of detection, for protein kinase. The striking lack of affinity that protein
      kinase has for such peptides which are unlikely to form a beta 3-6 turn has not
      been reported before. Our results may indicate that this type of turn is a
      requirement for protein kinase catalyzed phosphorylation or that these peptides
      lack the ability to form a particular hydrogen bond with the enzyme. Magnetic
      resonance techniques have indicated that the distance between the phosphorous in
      the gamma-phosphoryl group of MgATP and the hydroxyl oxygen of serine in the
      peptide Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly is 5.3 +/- 0.7 A. This, together with certain
      kinetic evidence, suggests that the mechanism by which protein kinase catalyzes
      phosphoryl group transfer has considerable dissociative character. Chemical
      modifications, including one using a peptide-based affinity label, have
      identified two residues at or near the active site, lysine-72 and cysteine 199.
      While neither of these groups has been shown to be catalytically essential,
      similar studies may help to identify groups that are directly involved in the
      catalytic process. Finally, a spectrophotometric assay for cAMP-dependent protein
      kinase has been described. Using this assay the preliminary results of an in
      depth study of the pH dependence of protein kinase catalyzed phosphoryl group
      transfer have been obtained. This study shall aid in the identification of active
      site residues and should contribute to the elucidation of the enzyme's catalytic
      mechanism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6365452
TI  - Positive end-expiratory pressure therapy in adults with special reference to
      acute lung injury: a review of the literature and suggested clinical
      correlations.

PMID- 6365453
TI  - Ear densitometer cardiac outputs versus thermodilution outputs.

PMID- 6365454
TI  - Alterations in regional myocardial blood flows during different levels of
      positive end-expiratory pressure.
AB  - A decrease in myocardial blood flow (MBF) has been suggested recently as a
      contributing factor to the depression of cardiac function during application of
      PEEP. To test this hypothesis, 7 dogs were anesthetized and their chest wall and
      pericardium were removed. Hemodynamics, myocardial oxygenation status, and left
      and right ventricular MBF were measured during controlled ventilation without
      PEEP (IPPV), with 8 cm H2O of PEEP (CPPV8), 15 cm H2O of PEEP (CPPV15), and 25 cm
      H2O of PEEP (CPPV25). Compared to IPPV, CPPV8 significantly decreased left
      ventricular endocardial, epicardial, and septal blood flows. Right ventricular
      MBF and other measured variables were not affected. Compared to control, CPPV15
      decreased left ventricular and septal MBFs in all regions, and right ventricular
      MBF in the endocardial region. CPPV15 also decreased cardiac index (CI) from 3.94
      +/- 0.57 L/min X m2 during control to 2.78 +/- 0.34 L/min X m2 (p less than .05).
      Compared to IPPV, CPPV25 further decreased MBF in all layers of both ventricles
      and septum. Compared to CPPV8, there were decreases in left ventricular midwall
      and septal (left ventricular side and midwall) blood flows during CPPV25. During
      application of CPPV25, compared to IPPV, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was reduced
      from 99 +/- 5 to 85 +/- 5 mm Hg, left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI)
      decreased from 31.8 +/- 5.4 to 13.8 +/- 2.6 g X m/m2, and CI decreased to 2.13 +/
      0.38 L/min X m2 (p less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6365455
TI  - Prolonged immobilization and controlled ventilation do not improve outcome after
      global brain ischemia in monkeys.
AB  - This study is a therapeutic evaluation of prolonged immobilization and controlled
      intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV) after global brain ischemia
      (GBI) in pigtailed monkeys. Sixteen min of GBI was produced with a high-pressure
      neck cuff, while the lungs were being continuously ventilated. Normotension was
      restored within 2 min postischemia (PI). The control group of 13 monkeys was
      weaned from IPPV 4 to 6 h PI. The treatment group of 18 animals was paralyzed and
      ventilated with a 50:50 nitrous oxide-oxygen mixture for 48 h PI. Intensive care
      was maintained for 96 h PI. In the control group, 8 of 10 animals were awake at
      96 h PI compared to 7 of 11 in the treatment group. Neurologic deficit scores for
      the survivors in the 2 groups were also not significantly different. Histologic
      examination supported this conclusion. Paralysis/IPPV for 48 h post-GBI with 50%
      N2O facilitates control of blood gases and blood pressure, but does not improve
      the neurologic outcome over that achieved with only 4 to 6 h controlled
      ventilation.

PMID- 6365456
TI  - Reevaluation of radiological signs in spondylolisthesis.

PMID- 6365457
TI  - Ultrasonographic evaluation of the retrocaval region.

PMID- 6365458
TI  - Resistance to bacterial and parasitic infections in the nutritionally compromised
      host.
AB  - Over the past few years the relationships and interactions of diet, disease, and
      immunology are becoming better defined with the development and understanding of
      host defenses. Nutritional state, immunity, and disease all influence each other
      in the hospitalized patient, the elderly, and the young. Disease can alter
      nutritional needs and immune responses to antigens. The roles of both dietary
      excesses and deficiencies on cellular, secretory, and humoral immune responses
      are related to diseases and disease incidence in humans and experimental animals.
      Malnutrition alters incidence and severity of fungal, bacterial, viral, and
      parasitic pathogens. The mechanisms of altered disease resistance in
      nutritionally stressed animal models occurs via changes in the lymphoreticular
      endothelial system. The effects of common nutritional deficiencies, low protein,
      and low carbohydrate diets on antibody production, macrophage function, secretory
      IgA synthesis, and T-cell functions. Nutritional supplementation can increase
      lymphocyte function and decrease growth of some pathogens and tumors.
      Alternatively, obesity and high fat have roles in infectious disease and
      immunity.

PMID- 6365459
TI  - Relaxation techniques for stress management.

PMID- 6365460
TI  - Home study program. Stressors and stress in critical care.

PMID- 6365461
TI  - An ultrastructural study of fixation artifacts in lens epithelium.
AB  - The conditions providing for optimal preservation of the ultrastructure of the
      lens epithelium of embryonic and young chicks were sought, especially with regard
      to avoiding fixation artifacts and to enhancing the lens cytoskeleton. The
      optimal fixative/buffer solution for these purposes was found to consist of 2%
      glutaraldehyde in 0.05M phosphate buffer containing 0.2% tannic acid and 0.002%
      CaCl2, pH 7.2, whose total osmolarity is about 340 mOsm, and postfixation in 1%
      osmium. As the osmolarity was increased by use of 0.075M or 0.1M phosphate
      buffer, intercellular spaces and myelin-like figures appeared along the cell
      membranes of the epithelial cells and superficial cortical fibers. As the
      osmolarity was decreased, using 0.02M phosphate buffer, plasma membranes became
      flaccid and interrupted, nuclei underwent severe shape changes, and the cytoplasm
      became electron-lucent. Delays of 30 minutes or one hour before fixation caused
      swelling of cytoplasmic organelles and the nuclear envelope. Primary fixation in
      osmium resulted in interrupted cell membranes and in swollen organelles. Many of
      these artifacts seen in the superficial chick lens, produced merely by
      manipulating the tonicity or the time of fixation after death, have been
      previously attributed in the literature to cataractous or aging changes. Based on
      the present findings caution in interpreting electron micrographs of pathologic
      changes in lens is urged.

PMID- 6365462
TI  - Fibronectin in developing rabbit cornea.
AB  - Fibronectin is believed to be important in tissue morphogenesis. We examined the
      distribution of fibronectin in developing rabbit cornea by
      immunohistofluorescence. Cryostat sections of cornea from 13, 15, and 20-day-old
      fetuses, 3-day neonates, and adults were incubated with affinity-purified
      fluoresceinated guinea pig anti-rabbit fibronectin antiserum (aFN). aFN bound to
      components within the presumptive stromal region and along the basal surfaces of
      corneal and lens epithelia during early stages of mesenchymal invasion. At 15
      days of gestation, fluorescence was associated with the stromal extracellular
      matrix of the cornea, the subepithelial zone, and the lens capsule. In the 20-day
      fetus an intense aFN fluorescence was present along the inner corneal stromal
      border coincident with the formation of Descemet's membrane. Fluorescence within
      the corneal stroma appeared as fine lines, restricted to the collagen lamellae,
      remaining through birth and disappearing in the adult. Although stromal
      fluorescence disappeared in the adult, Descemet's membrane continued to
      fluoresce, albeit to a lesser extent. The results of our studies indicate the
      presence of fibronectin in developing rabbit cornea. Because fibronectin is
      important to cell adhesion in vitro, and because intercellular and cell
      extracellular matrix interactions, including adhesion, are necessary for tissue
      morphogenesis, our observation suggests that fibronectin plays an important role
      in corneal morphogenesis.

PMID- 6365463
TI  - A double-blind comparison of indoramin and propranolol in the treatment of
      moderate to severe essential hypertension.
AB  - In a double-blind study, patients with moderate to severe essential hypertension
      were treated randomly with either indoramin or propranolol orally. The dose of
      both drugs was increased as necessary, to a predetermined level, in order to
      reduce the diastolic (Phase V) blood pressure to 100 mmHg or less. Patients were
      followed up for 12 weeks. There were 23 patients on propranolol and 27 on
      indoramin. The blood pressure in 22 patients on propranolol and 25 patients on
      indoramin was satisfactorily controlled in both the supine and standing
      positions. Mean supine blood pressure decreased from 181.3 +/- 14.2/116.2 +/- 6.8
      mmHg to 140.6 +/- 7.1/95.7 +/- 3.6 mmHg after 12 weeks of treatment in patients
      receiving propranolol and from 188.3 +/- 18.9/118.4 +/- 8.7 mmHg to 144.7 +/-
      7.3/95.7 +/- 2.5 mmHg in those treated with indoramin. There were no significant
      differences between the effects on supine and standing blood pressures and blood
      pressure control was maintained throughout the 12-week period in patients
      receiving indoramin and those receiving propranolol. Propranolol reduced the mean
      heart rate by approximately 16 beats/min in both the supine and standing
      positions. The maximum effect was seen 4 weeks after starting treatment and was
      maintained throughout the study. Sinus bradycardia (heart rate less than 60/min)
      occurred in 9 (39%) patients receiving propranolol. Indoramin caused a small but
      significant reduction in mean heart rate of approximately 4 beats/min in both the
      supine and standing positions. The maximum effect was seen after 2 weeks of
      treatment and was maintained for the rest of the duration of treatment.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6365464
TI  - Clinical evaluation of piroxicam in acute musculoskeletal injuries seen in
      general practice.
AB  - One hundred and sixty patients with acute musculoskeletal injuries were treated
      with piroxicam in conjunction with conventional methods of therapy. The median
      duration of therapy was 7 days, the majority of patients taking 20 mg piroxicam
      once daily. Assessments made before and at the end of treatment showed
      significant improvement in stiffness, swelling, heat, pain on movement, loss of
      movement and loss of function, and the overall effectiveness of treatment was
      rated by the physicians as excellent or moderate in 145 (94.8%) of the 153
      patients with complete records. On patient self-assessment of daytime and night
      time pain, loss of function and need for supplementary analgesia (with
      paracetamol only), improvement was rated as marked or moderate by 119 (86.8%) of
      the 137 patients with adequately recorded assessments. Side-effects, mainly
      gastro-intestinal, occurred in 16 patients, but only in 1 patient did treatment
      have to be stopped.

PMID- 6365465
TI  - Intermittent maintenance therapy in chronic hand eczema with clobetasol
      propionate and flupredniden acetate.
AB  - The clinical effect of two topical corticosteroids, one of very strong potency
      (clobetasol propionate), and one of medium potency (flupredniden acetate), was
      studied in the maintenance therapy of 55 patients with chronic hand eczema.
      Initially, 61 patients were treated on both hands continuously for 1 to 3 weeks
      with clobetasol only which brought about healing in 90% of cases (mean time to
      healing: 11 days). In a subsequent double-blind left/right study, the capacity of
      the two corticosteroids for keeping the dermatitis in remission was compared
      using an intermittent schedule of 2 applications a week. The protocol was
      followed by 46 patients and the mean observation period was 138 days. Treatment
      with clobetasol kept patients free from relapses during the entire observation
      period in 70%, with flupredniden in 30%. Relapses occurred with clobetasol after
      a mean of 66 days, with flupredniden after 36 days. Side-effects, occurring with
      similar frequency with both drugs, were few and mild. It is suggested that an
      intermittent schedule is advantageous when using a corticosteroid of high
      potency.

PMID- 6365466
TI  - A double-blind study of piretanide in the treatment of hypertension.
AB  - A double-blind trial was carried out in three parallel groups of patients with
      mild to moderate hypertension to assess the efficacy and tolerance of piretanide
      given as a single dose of 3 mg, 6 mg or 12 mg per day over a period of 12 weeks.
      Active drug treatment in the 90 patients studied was preceded and followed by 2
      week periods on placebo. The results showed that although all three groups had
      significant reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressures, both at rest
      and standing, compared with initial levels, the decrease was significantly
      greater in the two higher dosage groups. Pulse and respiratory rates also
      decreased and body weight was reduced slightly. The biochemical and
      haematological parameters in all three groups showed no clinically relevant
      changes during treatment with piretanide. Minor side-effects definitely or
      probably associated with piretanide treatment were observed in all three groups
      but were generally mild and did not interfere with treatment. Only 1 of the 9
      patients who withdrew prematurely from the trial did so because of lack of
      effect, 1 patient withdrew because of side-effects and the other 6 patients who
      dropped out for drug-related reasons did so because the antihypertensive effects
      were too marked at the 6 mg (3 patients) or 12 mg (3 patients) per day dosage
      level.

PMID- 6365467
TI  - Comparative clinical trial of bemetizide/triamterene and
      cyclopenthiazide/potassium chloride combinations in patients with mild to
      moderate hypertension.
AB  - A double-blind trial was carried out to compare the combination of 25 mg
      bemetizide plus 50 mg triamterene ('Hypertane') and 0.25 mg cyclopenthiazide plus
      600 mg potassium chloride ('Navidrex' K) in the treatment of mild to moderate
      essential hypertension. Two well matched groups of patients were treated for
      periods of 6 weeks with one or other of the drugs under test. There were 2-week
      placebo run-in and run-out periods. Blood pressure and laboratory investigations
      were performed every 2 weeks during the trial period. Both treatments resulted in
      similar overall statistically significant reductions in blood pressure during the
      trial. With bemetizide/triamterene, mean lying blood pressure decreased by
      11.1/11.2 mmHg and mean standing blood pressure by 15.9/10.3 mmHg; with
      cyclopenthiazide/potassium chloride the corresponding reductions were 14.9/12.1
      mmHg and 9.1/11.7 mmHg. The fact that some of the observed overall reduction seen
      with both drugs was due to 'placebo effect' is discussed but the clinical
      importance of overall changes is stressed. There were no significant differences
      between changes in blood pressure with the two treatments. Biochemical changes
      were those expected with thiazide diuretics. However, the decrease in potassium
      and increases in urea and uric acid levels were less with bemetizide/triamterene
      than with cyclopenthiazide/potassium chloride. Clinical tolerance of both
      treatments was good.

PMID- 6365468
TI  - Fentiazac in the treatment of osteoarthritis and tendinitis.
AB  - In a double-blind trial in 20 patients with osteoarthritis, treatment was given
      at random with either 200 mg fentiazac or 50 mg indomethacin twice daily for 6
      weeks. Both treatments produced marked improvement in pain and the other
      variables studied but, apart from blood pressure which was raised in the
      indomethacin group, no significant differences between treatments were observed.
      In a second double-blind trial involving 24 patients with acute non-articular
      rheumatism, mainly tendinitis, 200 mg fentiazac twice daily was compared with 200
      mg phenylbutazone twice daily over a period of 2 weeks. No significant difference
      in improvement was found between treatments in any of the clinical variables
      studied, although there was a trend in favour of fentiazac, particularly in the
      relief of tenderness. No difference was noted in the incidence or nature of side
      effects, which were mainly gastro-intestinal in origin, reported by patients in
      the treatment groups in either study.

PMID- 6365469
TI  - Hyperthermia: an overview of current progress and problems.

PMID- 6365470
TI  - Prader-Willi syndrome.

PMID- 6365471
TI  - Maxillofacial trauma.

PMID- 6365472
TI  - Asymmetric chromosomal distribution of endogenous retrovirus loci in chickens and
      mice.

PMID- 6365473
TI  - Lichen spinulosus with immunofluorescent studies.
AB  - A typical case of lichen spinulosus in a 15-year-old boy is described. Keratotic
      papules and plaques occurred on the knees, elbows, and lower legs. A biopsy
      showed follicular hyperkeratosis consistent with lichen spinulosus. Studies for
      immunofluorescence demonstrated linear IgM at the basement membrane zone without
      colloid bodies. The relationship of lichen spinulosus and lichen planus is
      discussed. The patient responded to treatment with a salicylic acid gel.

PMID- 6365474
TI  - Studies on the efficacy and adrenal effects of Diprolene ointment 0.05 percent
      and Dermovate ointment 0.05 percent in patients with psoriasis or other resistant
      dermatoses.
AB  - The efficacy of Diprolene ointment 0.05 percent (betamethasone dipropionate in a
      glycol formulation) and Dermovate ointment 0.05 percent (clobetasone propionate)
      and their effects on adrenal function were evaluated in two double-blind,
      parallel group studies. A fixed dose of 7 gm of ointment a day was applied
      topically for fourteen days (Study 1) or twenty-one days (Study 2) to the skin of
      patients with psoriasis or other resistant dermatoses. To evaluate the adrenal
      effect of the treatments, plasma cortisol levels were determined for twenty of
      the sixty-one patients in Study 1 and for all of the twenty patients in Study 2.
      Efficacy and adverse experience data were evaluated for all patients. At the
      initial visit and at weekly follow-up visits, the selected lesions were graded
      for the severity of the signs and symptoms of disease. Most of the patients in
      these studies experienced a complete clearing of all the signs and symptoms of
      their disease by the end of the treatment with either Diprolene or Dermovate. The
      two treatments were equally effective. No adverse experiences were seen in the
      Diprolene group, but one patient with psoriasis in the Dermovate group had an
      exacerbation of the disease and the treatment was discontinued. In Study 1,
      reduction in plasma cortisol levels during treatment was observed in both groups,
      but to a distinctly lesser degree in the Diprolene than in the Dermovate group;
      levels below the normal range (184 to 767 nmol/l) were observed in one patient in
      the Diprolene group and in four patients in the Dermovate group.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6365475
TI  - Studies of insulin receptor binding and insulin action in humans.

PMID- 6365476
TI  - The long-term results of aortic valve replacement.
AB  - Reliable aortic valve replacement was one of the most significant advances in the
      treatment of cardiac disease in this century. It allowed, for the first time, a
      reliable and reproducible method to palliate the symptoms of aortic stenosis and
      regurgitation and significantly improved longterm survival over that after
      medical treatment. Sporadic attempts at aortic valve replacement had been
      conducted in the late 1950s, but the pioneering work of Harken et al, followed by
      the final development of a reliable device by Starr, Edwards, and coworkers,
      opened the era of successful aortic valve replacement. We review the prognosis of
      patients following aortic valve replacement with aortic stenosis and
      regurgitation with and without associated procedures and evaluate the various
      types of bioprosthetic and prosthetic valves in current use, presenting
      advantages and disadvantages of each type of replacement device.

PMID- 6365477
TI  - Pulmonary hypertensive diseases.
AB  - Pulmonary hypertension may occur as a primary disorder of the pulmonary
      vasculature or secondary to a variety of cardiac or pulmonary diseases. The
      reversibility of pulmonary hypertension is dependent on the relative contribution
      of reversible vasoconstriction and irreversible structural changes in the
      pulmonary vessels. Despite recent advances in the understanding of pulmonary
      vascular physiology, knowledge of the pathogenesis and natural history of
      pulmonary hypertension has been limited by an inability to measure pulmonary
      arterial pressure noninvasively. Thus, when patients have symptoms or signs of
      pulmonary hypertension, the disease is usually at an advanced stage. It is
      possible that early in the course of hypoxic pulmonary disease, pulmonary
      hypertension may be protective in optimizing matching of ventilation and
      perfusion. It is not known at what point pulmonary hypertension per se becomes
      harmful. Certainly, treatment directed at underlying cardiac or pulmonary disease
      is indicated. It also seems reasonable to treat severe degrees of pulmonary
      hypertension complicated by right ventricular dysfunction. With the advent of
      orally effective pulmonary vasodilators, direct treatment of primary and
      secondary pulmonary hypertension may now be possible. Hopefully, with careful
      clinical evaluation of the response to vasodilator therapy, we will learn whether
      these drugs prolong life and reduce morbidity in primary and secondary pulmonary
      hypertension. In the meantime, much more information is needed regarding the
      mechanisms of acute pulmonary vasoconstriction and sustained pulmonary
      hypertension. In addition, a means of early identification of patients with mild
      hypertension is needed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6365478
TI  - Continuous monitoring of mixed venous oxygen saturation.
AB  - Continuous monitoring of arterial oxygen tension is not sufficiently accurate for
      practical use in adults. Because of the shape of the hemoglobin dissociation
      curve, fluctuations at higher levels of oxygen tension are not reflected by
      corresponding changes in saturation; consequently, measurement of saturation at
      these levels also lacks sensitivity in detecting physiologic instability.
      However, at the lower levels of oxygen present in venous blood, a linear
      relationship exists between saturation and tension. The use of improved
      fiberoptic oximetry systems in conventional pulmonary artery flotation catheters
      has made the bedside application of this relationship of practical value in the
      continuous assessment of mixed venous oxygen saturation. Our own experience with
      it extends to more than 630 patients. Changes predictive of cardiorespiratory
      instability and instantaneous response to nursing or therapeutic maneuvers make
      this technique highly effective in the care of the critically ill.

PMID- 6365479
TI  - Current and potential uses of lasers in the treatment of atherosclerotic disease.

PMID- 6365480
TI  - Ceftazidime: in vitro comparison with cephalothin, cefuroxime, and netilmicin. A
      Norwegian study.
AB  - The in vitro activity of ceftazidime has been compared with those of cephalothin,
      cefuroxime, and netilmicin against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative
      bacteria in order to register sensitivity patterns in the western part of Norway.
      An agar dilution method was used for minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)
      determination. Ceftazidime was the most active agent against Enterobacteriaceae;
      all isolates being inhibited by 2 mg/l or less, whereas netilmicin was slightly
      less active, especially against Providencia. Cephalothin and cefuroxime were
      markedly less active than the other two agents against Enterobacteriaceae.
      Ceftazidime and netilmicin were active against our Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      isolates (MICs less than or equal to 4 and less than or equal to 8 mg/l,
      respectively). Only netilmicin had useful activity against Acinetobacter
      calcoaceticus. Ceftazidime was the least active agent against Staphylococcus
      aureus; nearly all the isolates had MICs of 4-8 mg/l. Cefuroxime was the most
      active agent against Bacteroides fragilis, whereas ceftazidime was inactive.
      Ceftazidime may, in the future, be a useful alternative to the aminoglycosides in
      the treatment of serious gram-negative infections, particularly when P.
      aeruginosa might be involved.

PMID- 6365481
TI  - Effect of Fiblaferon-L on the human immune system.
AB  - The effect of a new commercial interferon (Fiblaferon L) on the human immune
      system was studied. Different experiments were performed on human peripheral
      blood in vitro, in order to observe: (a) the phagocytic capacity of
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and monocytes; (b) monocyte adherence index,
      and (c) percentage of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against
      chicken red blood cells (CRBC). Fiblaferon L enhanced all these functions.

PMID- 6365482
TI  - Enhancement of R-plasmid-determined resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics by R
      plasmid nitrofurantoin resistance in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Transfer of an R-plasmid, which confers nitrofurantoin resistance (by decreasing
      host strain nitrofurantoin reductase activity) to Escherichia coli K12 conferring
      R-plasmid aminoglycoside antibiotics resistance, increased the aminoglycoside
      resistance level several fold. An F' (Lac+, leu+, thr+, pro+, Gal+ Mal+) plasmid
      decreased the nitrofuran resistance level, annuled the increased aminoglycoside
      resistance and restored nitrofuran reductase activity in the transconjugants.

PMID- 6365483
TI  - An assay for pattern formation in dictyostelium discoideum using monoclonal
      antibodies, flow cytometry, and subsequent data analysis.
AB  - An assay for determining the proportions of prespore cells in a simple
      multicellular organism, the slug stage of Dictyostelium discoideum, was
      established using a prespore-specific monoclonal antibody and a fluorescence
      activated cell sorter. Appropriate techniques for data analysis were developed.
      The effects of slug size and age were determined. Small slugs have a lower
      percentage of prespore cells than large slugs. The percentage of prespore cells
      increases and then decreases in slugs aged between a few hours and 9 days.
      Pronounced effects were observed on the size of cells in aging slugs. In
      particular unlabelled (mostly prestalk) cells were larger than prespore cells in
      young slugs, but after 6 days migration they became considerably smaller than
      prespore cells. The fact that all unlabelled cells were coordinately shifted in
      size, suggests that these cells (which comprise prestalk, prestalklike, and
      predisc cells) are related to each other.

PMID- 6365484
TI  - A computer algorithm for the analysis of protein distribution in budding yeast.
AB  - Flow cytometry gives relevant data on cellular parameters such as DNA, RNA, and
      protein contents of individual cells and is therefore a powerful tool for
      analyzing microbial population dynamics. Relevant information about growth
      dynamics may be obtained from protein distribution. In fact, protein distribution
      is related to age distribution and depends on the law of growth of the population
      and the law of growth of the single cell. To extract the available information
      from protein distribution, we developed a computer algorithm starting from a
      model for growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This algorithm quantitatively fits
      experimental protein distributions, allows a deconvolution of these
      distributions, and thus yields information about temporal parameters of the cell
      cycle and structure of yeast populations.

PMID- 6365485
TI  - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. Frederick Salmon 1796-1868.
AB  - This fourth and final installment on Salmon's monograph on procidentia concludes
      with further case reports. Upon his death the Committee on Management of St.
      Mark's Hospital commented: Thus has passed from this world a man whose kindness
      of heart induced, and whose indomitable perseverence enabled him to found an
      institution for the relief of the sufferings of his poorer fellow-creatures,
      which will stand an honourable monument to his memory as one amongst the many
      noble charities which adorn the metropolis of the country.

PMID- 6365486
TI  - Anorectal motility after surgery for spina bifida.
AB  - Anorectal motility was studied in 93 children (aged 15 days to 16 1/2 years) who
      had undergone surgery for myelocele or meningomyelocele, and 80 controls, matched
      for age and sex. Mean resting pressure in the anal canal of patients was markedly
      decreased, particularly in the presence of incontinence, and unstable. The
      recording of a rectoanal inhibitory reflex both in the upper anal canal and at
      the anal margin was associated with the presence of fecal incontinence and motor
      disorders of the lower extremities. Patients could be divided into four groups
      according to manometric pattern: 1) those with normal recordings (incontinence in
      63 per cent), 2) those with spontaneous intermittent relaxations of the upper
      anal canal and simultaneous rectal contractions (incontinence in 91 per cent), 3)
      those with normal manometry except for unstable upper anal canal pressure
      (incontinence in 92 per cent), and 4) those with absence of the rectoanal
      inhibitory reflex and hypotonic anal canal (patients too young to appraise
      continence, all under 2 years).

PMID- 6365487
TI  - Low anterior anastomotic dehiscence following preoperative irradiation with 6000
      rads.
AB  - Twenty mongrel dogs received 6000 rads of irradiation to the rectum and colon
      using the Nominal Standard Dosage Equation. Three weeks after irradiation each
      dog underwent anterior resection of the rectosigmoid with reconstruction
      randomized to either an EEA stapled or a two layer handsewn anastomosis. Each dog
      was studied digitally and by barium enema at the time of surgery, on the seventh
      postoperative day, and at autopsy. Five clinically significant leaks and three
      radiographic leaks occurred in the EEA stapled anastomoses. The handsewn
      anastomoses had five clinically significant leaks and two radiographic leaks. The
      data indicate that low anterior resection with either an EEA stapled or handsewn
      anastomosis cannot be done safely after 6000 rad preoperative irradiation.

PMID- 6365488
TI  - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. John Percy Lockhart-Mummery 1875
      1957. Two hundred cases of cancer of the rectum treated by perineal excision.

PMID- 6365489
TI  - Bacteriological study of transhepatically aspirated bile. Relation to
      cholangiographic findings in 295 patients.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to elucidate the frequency of bacterial infection
      of intrahepatic bile in relation to biliary tract pathology. Bile was aspirated
      during percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, with or without combined
      biliary tract drainage, and subjected to bacteriological investigations in 295
      patients with various hepatobiliary diseases. Bile was infected in 89% of the 92
      patients who had high fever and were on antibiotics at the time of study.
      Positive cultures were obtained in 39% of the patients who were not so ill as to
      require antibiotics. The overall incidence of biliary infection was 90% in bile
      duct stones, particularly high in patients with primary intrahepatic stones,
      regardless of the presence of stones in the common bile duct, and in patients who
      had dilation of the common bile duct, presumably due to obstructive involvement
      of the ampulla of Vater. E. coli and Klebsiella were the most frequent among the
      aerobic species isolated, and mixed infection involving these organisms was
      common. Anaerobes were much less frequent, always mixed with aerobes, but
      positive cultures would increase with more rigorous anaerobic conditions for
      culture. Duodenal fluid collected simultaneously did not always grow the same
      microorganisms, but showed a 86-87% coincidence with intrahepatic bile in terms
      of positive or negative cultures. It is recommended that bile be cultured at the
      time of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography.

PMID- 6365490
TI  - Role of loperamide and placebo in management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
AB  - Symptom scores, stool data, and the transit of a standard, solid meal were
      measured in 28 patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) during baseline
      conditions and after five weeks of treatment with placebo and loperamide, given
      as a flexible dosage regime in the form of a double-blind, cross-over trial. All
      patients had undergone a comprehensive series of diagnostic investigations and
      had failed to respond to dietary supplementation with coarse wheat bran (10-30 g
      daily). Loperamide treatment accelerated gastric emptying, compared with placebo
      (1.2 +/- 0.1 vs 1.5 +/- 0.1 hr; P less than 0.001) and delayed both small bowel
      (6.2 +/- 0.3 vs 4.3 +/- 0.3 hr; P less than 0.001) and whole gut transit (56 +/-
      5 vs 42 +/- 4 hr; P less than 0.01). Eighteen patients said they felt better
      taking loperamide compared with placebo and, at follow up, 15 of these patients
      remained satisfied with the effects of the drug. Most symptoms improved
      significantly on placebo compared with the baseline period, but three of these
      [diarrhea (P less than 0.01), urgency (P less than 0.01) and borborygmi (P less
      than 0.05)] showed a further significant improvement on loperamide. Improvement
      in diarrhea was not associated with any change in stool weight but was associated
      with reductions in stool frequency (P less than 0.001), passage of unformed
      stools (P less than 0.01), and incidence of urgency (P less than 0.001). Urgency
      was the only symptom that was significantly more common in the success group,
      compared with the group who did not feel better on loperamide.

PMID- 6365491
TI  - Tropical diseases in North America.

PMID- 6365492
TI  - Cloning and sequencing of the ribosomal RNA genes in maize: the 17S region.
AB  - The maize genes for the 17S, 5.8S, and 26S ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are located on
      chromosome 6 and consist of 9-kb sequences repeated about 5,000-10,000 times per
      2C. One of these sequences was isolated from a lambda library containing maize
      Eco RI genomic segments. The sequence of the small-subunit (17S) RNA was
      determined using the M13 shotgun-dideoxy sequencing approach. The maize sequence
      was compared with nuclear rRNAs from yeast, Xenopus, and rat. Using these
      sequences, it is possible to identify tentatively the start and the end points of
      the sequence of the maize nuclear small subunit rRNA. This RNA has a length of
      1809 nucleotides. The alignment of all four sequences for maximal homology allows
      us to identify regions within the rRNA that have been conserved during eukaryotic
      evolution.

PMID- 6365493
TI  - Allele-specific hybridization using oligonucleotide probes of very high specific
      activity: discrimination of the human beta A- and beta S-globin genes.
AB  - The repair activity of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I (Klenow fragment) was
      used to prepare nonadecanucleotide hybridization probes which were complementary
      either to the normal human beta-globin (beta A) or to the sickle cell human beta
      globin (beta s) gene. Template-directed polymerization of highly radiolabeled
      alpha[32P]deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) onto nonamer and decamer
      primers produced probes with specific activities ranging from 1.0 X 10(10) to 2.0
      X 10(10) dpm/micrograms. The extremely high specific activities of these probes
      made it possible to detect the beta A and beta S single-copy gene sequences in as
      little as 1 microgram of total human genomic DNA as well as to discriminate
      between the homozygous and heterozygous states.

PMID- 6365494
TI  - DIAS rounds. Nifedipine and prazosin in Raynaud's phenomenon.

PMID- 6365495
TI  - Marijuana and alcohol use in pregnancy.
AB  - The literature is sparse on the adverse effects of moderate alcohol consumption
      and marijuana use during pregnancy. Recent studies have evaluated the association
      of these drugs of abuse with pregnancy outcome, each using interview and medical
      record data of over 12 000 women. Children of marijuana users were more likely to
      have one or more major malformations, lower birthweight, and shorter gestation
      than children of nonusers. However, when logistic regression was used to control
      for other variables, these relationships were not statistically significant. The
      odds ratio for major malformations does, however, remain suggestive for
      marijuana. The use of similar logistic regression techniques revealed that the
      only statistical association between alcohol intake of 14 or more drinks per week
      was placenta abruptio. With the exception of placenta abruptio, alcohol intake of
      fewer than 14 drinks weekly was not associated with an increased risk of any
      adverse outcome. There was no association between alcohol use at any level and
      the rate of congenital malformations. Recommendations based on these data are
      presented.

PMID- 6365496
TI  - Captopril-induced cholestatic jaundice.
AB  - A 50-year-old black female developed hepatic dysfunction secondary to captopril
      therapy, 25 mg tid for one month. Liver biopsy showed primarily cholestasis, with
      secondary hepatocellular elements. Symptoms consisted of jaundice, pruritus,
      anorexia and weight loss, hepatomegaly, and abdominal tenderness. Total
      bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and serum glutamic
      oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), reached highs of 506 mumol/L, 737 U/L, 319 U/L,
      and 100 U/L, respectively. Recovery was slow, but complete, after discontinuation
      of the drug.

PMID- 6365497
TI  - Important considerations for the clinical evaluation of drugs: appropriate dosing
      regimens.
AB  - A major aspect of clinical trials is the determination of a dosing regimen that
      will be effective and reasonably safe. The author presents a brief overview of
      the major considerations that govern the choice of dosage regimens for clinical
      trials and dosage recommendations for the labeling of marketed products. They
      include: (1) determination of the lowest effective dose, (2) determination of a
      safe dose for patients with liver or renal disease, (3) recommendations for doses
      in the elderly, (4) determination of the effect of concomitant drugs on drug
      disposition, and (5) examination of dose proportionality. Association of blood
      levels with desired therapeutic effect also is discussed.

PMID- 6365498
TI  - [Therapy with the new human insulins].

PMID- 6365499
TI  - [Antibiotics-induced disorders of hemostasis and hemorrhagic diatheses].

PMID- 6365500
TI  - [Therapy of male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism by pulsatile administration of
      gonadotropin-releasing hormones].

PMID- 6365501
TI  - [Improved metabolic state in insulin-tested diabetes. Self-testing of blood or
      urine glucose on 2 days per week].
AB  - Randomized serial tests of their metabolic state over four weeks, without self
      testing and during daily urinary glucose-profile testing (4 tests) with the
      Diabur-Test or blood-glucose levels with the Haemo-Gluco-test 20-800 (5 tests
      daily) on two days weekly were undertaken on 27 unselected insulin-treated
      outpatient diabetes. HbA1, blood glucose, serum cholesterol, triglycerides and
      VLDL, LDL and HDL cholesterol were the target values. The following metabolic
      values were significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) during blood-glucose self
      testing, compared with the results during the non-testing phase: HbA1 on average
      by 11%, blood-glucose (starving) by 20%, serum cholesterol by 9%, serum
      triglycerides by 13%. Self-testing of urinary glucose (compared with the test
      free phase) brought little improvement in the metabolic state. The results of
      self-testing were the more impressive the worse the metabolic state during the
      phase without self-testing. Except for VLDL and HDL cholesterol, changes in HbA1
      correlated well during all phases with changes in the other metabolic values (P
      less than 0.05).

PMID- 6365502
TI  - [Granulomatous hepatitis].

PMID- 6365503
TI  - [So-called dysbacteria].

PMID- 6365504
TI  - [Insulin and C-peptide in chronic liver diseases during oral glucose tolerance
      testing].
AB  - Insulin and C-peptide in venous blood were determined during oral glucose
      tolerance testing in 59 non-manifest diabetics with histologically established
      chronic liver disease (fatty degeneration, chronic aggressive hepatitis,
      cirrhosis). Glucose tolerance was pathologic in 60-80% of patients. When compared
      to a control group patients with chronic liver disease showed significantly
      increased values of blood glucose (after glucose intake), of insulin and of C
      peptide (fasting and after glucose intake). The C-peptide/insulin ratio, a
      measure of hepatic insulin degradation, was significantly decreased after glucose
      uptake. There were no significant differences of blood sugar, insulin and C
      peptide among the various liver diseases. In chronic aggressive hepatitis and in
      cirrhosis the C-peptide/insulin ratio was partly significantly lower than in
      fatty degeneration. From the increased C-peptide values increased insulin
      secretion in chronic liver diseases can be deducted. In addition, the decreased C
      peptide/insulin ratios show an impairment of insulin degradation in liver
      cirrhosis and other chronic hepatic diseases. However, in fatty liver
      degeneration this is clearly less pronounced than in more serious liver diseases.

PMID- 6365505
TI  - [An encounter with Bruno Hauff].

PMID- 6365506
TI  - The role of drugs in the treatment of alcoholism.
AB  - Many drugs are used in alcoholism treatment with the aim of reducing alcohol
      consumption and correcting alcohol-related psychosocial problems that lead to
      excessive drinking or result from it. Alcohol-sensitising drugs are used to
      reduce alcohol consumption with the expectation that improvement in other problem
      areas will follow. Drugs that share sedative-hypnotic actions with and cross
      dependence to alcohol are often used during acute alcohol withdrawal reactions
      for symptomatic relief, to prevent major withdrawal symptoms, and to prevent and
      treat seizures. Alcohol abuse may be a form of self-medication, and treatment of
      an underlying psychiatric disorder, such as depression (with antidepressants),
      anxiety (with anxiolytics) or psychosis (with antipsychotics), is expected to
      reduce alcohol consumption. Pretreatment medical and psychiatric assessment of
      the patient is necessary to ensure that the drug therapy is appropriate to the
      patient's therapeutic goals and medical/psychological status. Use of the drug
      must be systematic and carefully monitored; the duration of treatment is
      determined individually for each patient on the basis of the response to the
      treatment as well by the development of adverse clinical effects. Ideally, the
      drug therapy allows the patient to establish resources necessary for continued
      abstinence after the drug treatment is stopped.

PMID- 6365508
TI  - [The effect of chromium supplementation on glucose tolerance, insulin response
      and serum lipids in maturity-onset diabetes].

PMID- 6365509
TI  - [The churchman Wegelius and his medical text].

PMID- 6365510
TI  - [Lonnrot as the Kajaanin district and castle physician].

PMID- 6365511
TI  - Radiology of the hypopharynx and esophagus.

PMID- 6365507
TI  - Ursodeoxycholic acid: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic
      efficacy.
AB  - Ursodeoxycholic acid is the 7 beta-hydroxy epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid and is
      normally present in only trace amounts in the bile. Oral administration of
      pharmacological doses markedly decreases biliary cholesterol saturation. Complete
      or partial dissolution of radiolucent gallstones located in a functioning
      gallbladder occurred in about 40 to 55% of patients treated with ursodeoxycholic
      acid in controlled studies of 6 months duration. Patients showing partial
      gallstone dissolution at that time are likely to continue improving possibly to
      complete gallstone dissolution with continued therapy. The success rate with
      ursodeoxycholic acid may be increased top about 80% if more stringent patient
      selection criteria are applied to include only those with non-calcified floating
      cholesterol stones of less than 10 to 15 mm diameter. Those with calcified stones
      or stones greater than 15 mm diameter or unlikely to respond to ursodeoxycholic
      acid therapy. The optimal dose in published studies was about 8 to 10 mg/kg/day,
      which is about half to two-thirds the dose of chenodeoxycholic acid (15
      mg/kg/day) achieving approximately equivalent results. Ursodeoxycholic acid
      appears to be remarkably well tolerated, with diarrhoea occurring in only a very
      small proportion of patients. While surgery is clearly the preferred treatment in
      many patients with symptomatic gallstones, in a carefully selected subgroup of
      such patients gallstone dissolution therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid offers an
      important and worthwhile alternative.

PMID- 6365512
TI  - Diagnosis and evaluation of esophageal disorders.

PMID- 6365514
TI  - Esophageal carcinoma.

PMID- 6365513
TI  - Benign disorders of the esophagus.

PMID- 6365515
TI  - Disorders of the esophagus. Anatomy and physiology.

PMID- 6365516
TI  - The Bacon Chow study: maternal supplementation and infant growth.
AB  - The effect of maternal supplementation during both gestation and lactation on
      infant growth from birth to 12 mth was investigated in the double-blind, randomly
      allocated control trial conducted in Taiwan by the late Bacon F. Chow. The
      supplement was a milk-based formula providing 800 kcal and 40 g protein daily.
      The placebo provided less than 40 kcal per diem but resembled the supplement in
      appearance. Supplementation was limited to mothers and began after birth of one
      infant and continued without interruption until weaning of a second infant.
      Supplement effects were tested by comparing both supplement and placebo groups
      and first- and second-infant groups with respect to weight, length and head
      circumference. Both comparisons of growth curves and analyses of variance were
      carried out. Both strategies agreed in failing to detect differences in growth
      between supplement and placebo groups. However, differences were found between
      first and second infants in the supplement group.

PMID- 6365517
TI  - [Medicine and society. Schools of thought in the health field].
AB  - The article considers the answers given by different schools of thought to the
      fundamental questions about the degree of autonomy of medicine and the kind of
      articulation between medicine and society as a whole and in its "parts." The
      answers vary with the thinking in the different social sciences and the
      philosophic schools associated with them. The author divides his presentation in
      two broad chapters: The first covers schools of thought in the health field, and
      attempts to delineate the philosophical foundations underlying the principal
      current schools of thought in this field, without attempting a history of the
      philosophical schools or analyzing each of them in detail. Thus, two idealist
      currents are studied which have exerted great influence in the health field-
      neopositivism and neo-Kantianism--and marxism as the materialist school, which
      recognizes the primary of matter, nature, and objective reality, and views
      consciousness as a property of matter. The second chapter considers the
      theoretical contest now going on among the schools of thought discussed in the
      first chapter, which try to explain the relationship between medicine and the
      social structure; the effectiveness of medical action, and the social
      determinants of disease. Prior to the seventies, the author says, the dominant
      view of the autonomy of medicine, its effectiveness, the potential for social
      change of the medical institutions, and the benefits to health of economic
      development, was endorsed by the predominance of positivism among these schools
      of medical thought. The view that medicine was broadly autonomous and at the same
      level with other subsystems such as the economic, the political and the
      educational subsystems, assumed the possibility of changing society by an effort
      begun through any of these "sectors." The enormous growth of productive forces
      that took place in the developed capitalist countries during the fifties, and
      even more during the sixties, collided at the end of the latter decade with the
      existing social production relations, which checked the progress of the
      production forces and generated a series of challenges in civil society to the
      aims of economic development and the achievements of science in relation to the
      inequality of the distribution of wealth. In the health sector, this was a time
      of criticism of the positivist view and of pointing out the negative effects of
      medicalization, highlighting the ideological and self-perpetuating character of
      medical institutions, and proposals for the demedicalization of society.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6365518
TI  - [The development of the medical school in Brazil].
AB  - Since its beginnings in 1808, medical instruction in Brazil has evolved and
      changed as Brazilian society has done. Medical schools, at first a concern of
      government alone, between 1931 and 1960 began to attract private enterprise,
      which established six of the 19 schools founded during those years. Since then
      the share of the private sector has grown, and there was a veritable explosion
      between 1966 and 1970, when 30 new medical schools were set up, 25 of them in the
      private sector (more than half of the total of 76 schools in operation today are
      in the private sector). The authors note that the increase in the number of
      medical schools and courses has not made them less selective, diminished the
      importance of the government-operated schools--which are still the leading
      institutions--or made it more certain that the education imparted in the private
      schools is of satisfactory quality. The medical schools are clustered chiefly in
      the southeast, and they are partial to the industrial urban setting, especially
      the Rio-Sao Paulo axis (where half of the country's physicians are concentrated),
      which makes for yet another severe imbalance among regions.

PMID- 6365519
TI  - [The teaching of the history of medicine in the training of the physician].
AB  - In the education of the future physician, it is very important to favor the
      acquisition of attitudes which lead to the awakening of cultural values and to
      form a conception of the world; in short: humanism. The social history of
      medicine is a very appropriate discipline to awaken these attitudes and to
      sensitize them toward these values. The author presents his experience in the
      teaching-learning of the history of medicine, with objectives principally
      directed to create positive attitudes toward cultural and humanistic values, and
      with pedagogic methodologies oriented toward said objectives. Using the inquiries
      of students made during the 1981 courses, the results of some questions were
      analyzed and measured according to the personal interest of the student toward
      the assignment, and the student's opinion about the utility of this subject in
      professional education; these two parameters were correlated with class
      activities and the student's participation.

PMID- 6365520
TI  - [Regulatory mechanisms of sex gland function and the effects of pharmacological
      agents].

PMID- 6365521
TI  - Intracellular localization of calcium in pancreatic B-cells in relation to
      insulin secretion by the perfused ob/ob mouse pancreas.
AB  - Changes in the distribution of intracellular calcium in B-cells from the perfused
      ob/ob mouse pancreas in relation to the secretory state of the B-cell were
      followed using the pyroantimonate technique for calcium precipitation. At the
      internal surface of the B-cell membrane a highly mobile reservoir of calcium was
      mobilized during the first 1-3 min of stimulation of the B-cells by glucose as
      well as by tolbutamide resulting in an increased calcium precipitation in the
      cytoplasma. During prolonged stimulation of insulin secretion by glucose the
      calcium precipitation along the internal surface of the B-cell membrane was
      restored. Concomitantly calcium deposits in the secretory granules and to a
      lesser extend in the mitochondria increased. Tolbutamide neither restored the
      membrane-bound pool nor increased the calcium uptake of the secretory granules
      but decreased mitochondrial calcium. It suggests that this cytoplasmic increase
      of calcium primarily results from intracellular redistribution.

PMID- 6365522
TI  - Regulation of luteinizing hormone release by pulsatile and continuous
      administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone to superfused rat and hamster
      pituitary cells.
AB  - Regulation of LH release by GnRH was studied in superfused anterior pituitary
      cells from 30-day-old female rats or hamsters. Dispersed cells were cultured 4-6
      days on Cytodex beads, then loaded into water-jacketed columns, and perfused with
      medium (0.5 ml/min) at 37 C. Three-minute fractions of effluent were assayed for
      LH by RIA. LH release was dose related between 10(-10) and 10(-7) M GnRH. Rat and
      hamster cells released LH at peak rates of 11.3 and 12.5 ng/(min X 10(6) cells),
      respectively, when first exposed to 10(-8) M GnRH. Short pulses (6 min) of 10(-8)
      M GnRH given at 30-min intervals had little effect on the rate of LH release by
      rat pituitary cells; however, if the interpulse interval was reduced to 12 min,
      release declined 72% by the fifth pulse. In contrast, pulses of 10(-6) M GnRH at
      30-min intervals desensitized rat cells. Hamster cells were desensitized by 10(
      8) M GnRH after a single pulse regardless of whether a second pulse was given 30
      min or 2.5 h later. Similar desensitization also occurred at other doses (10(-9)
      and 10(-6) M). After five pulses at 30-min intervals, the LH release rate in
      hamster cells was depressed 65%. Release was depressed 80% by pulses at 12-min
      intervals. Thus, in rats, desensitization is both frequency and dose dependent,
      whereas in hamsters, it is independent of frequency and dose. Stimulation with
      10(-6) M GnRH pulses completely overcame desensitization in both species.
      Continuous exposure of anterior pituitary cells to 10(-8) M GnRH caused an
      initial rapid LH release, followed by a steady decline in the rate of release
      from peak rates to baseline levels by 2.5 h in both species. A 6-min, 10(-6) M
      GnRH pulse given immediately after a 3-h 10(-8) M GnRH exposure rapidly
      stimulated the cells to release LH at rates up to 192% of initial rates. When
      these pulses were continued at 30-min intervals, additional desensitization
      occurred. This overcoming of desensitization shows that desensitized anterior
      pituitary cells are not refractory to GnRH and suggests that the GnRH regulation
      of LH release may involve more than one GnRH receptor-mediated phenomenon.

PMID- 6365523
TI  - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulates phosphatidylinositol labeling and
      prostaglandin E production in Leydig cells.
AB  - The direct effects of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) upon testicular
      function include a rapid (integral of 20 min) receptor-mediated increase in
      phosphatidylinositol (PI) turnover. Incubation of rat interstitial cells with the
      super-agonist [D-Ala6]desGly10-GnRH N ethylamide (GnRHa) resulted in increased
      incorporation of [32P]Pi into PI (2-fold at 20 min). The effect on phospholipid
      turnover was followed by increased prostaglandin E (PGE) and testosterone
      production (3 h; with ED50 values of 0.5 and 0.75 nM respectively). It is
      concluded that increased PI turnover and PGE production might be involved in
      mediating the direct testicular effects of GnRH and its agonists.

PMID- 6365524
TI  - The self-priming effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone on luteinizing hormone
      release: observations using rat anterior pituitary fragments and dispersed cells
      continuously perifused in parallel.
AB  - To study in vitro the self-priming effect of GnRH on LH release, rat anterior
      pituitaries were prepared either as fragments or dispersed cells and continuously
      perifused in parallel chambers. The experimental groups consisted of rats killed
      at 0800 h on diestrus day 1, diestrus day 2, proestrus or estrus, or at 1400 h on
      proestrus. To insure truly independent observations, each experimental
      preparation was tested on three occasions. After basal LH release had stabilized,
      the tissue preparations were exposed to 10 nM GnRH as two 30-min challenges
      separated by 1 h. LH secretory rates (nanograms per min/pituitary for fragments;
      nanograms per min/10(7) cells for dispersed cells) were calculated 1) for basal
      release (during the 20-min period immediately preceding each GnRH challenge), 2)
      in response to GnRH, and 3) as the sum of basal and GnRH-stimulated release.
      Comparison of the two preparations revealed that basal and GnRH-stimulated LH
      release by pituitary fragments was more variable than LH release by dispersed
      cells. In addition, while dispersed cells responded promptly to the
      addition/withdrawal of stimuli, fragments did so more gradually. With respect to
      GnRH self-priming, the second mean secretory rate for basal LH release by
      fragments (range, 28.8-46.5) was significantly (0.1 greater than P greater than
      0.01) higher than the first rate (range, 14.4-22.0) on diestrus day 1, diestrus
      day 2, proestrus at 0800 h, and estrus. With dispersed cells, the first and
      second basal rates were similar to each other on diestrus day 1 and estrus, but
      on diestrus day 2 and on proestrus at 0800 and 1400 h, the second basal rate
      (range, 36.8-93) was significantly (P less than 0.001) higher than the first
      range (range, 17.7-31.7). When fragments received GnRH, the second mean secretory
      rate (range, 35.2-64.2) was significantly (0.1 greater than P greater than 0.03)
      higher than the first rate (range, 13.4-34.1) on diestrus day 2 and proestrus at
      0800 h. With dispersed cells, the mean secretory rate in response to the second
      GnRH challenge was higher only on diestrus day 2 (37.0 +/- 4.1 vs. 60.3 +/- 3.8;
      P less than 0.05). When considered as the total of basal plus GnRH-stimulated LH
      release, the second secretory rate by fragments (range, 54.5 - 110.8) was
      significantly (0.1 greater than P greater than 0.02) higher than the first rate
      (range, 27.9 - 51.4) on diestrus day 1, diestrus day 2, and proestrus at 0800
      h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6365525
TI  - Determination of anti-insulin antibodies by radioligand assay.

PMID- 6365526
TI  - Flexible bronchoscopy in infants and children.
AB  - The authors describe the use of flexible bronchoscope in infants and children
      ranging in age from 20 hours to 17 years and in weight from 1.5 kg upwards.
      Bronchoscopy was carried out under local (17 cases) and general anesthesia (95
      cases). Seventeen-six of the 95 examinations under general anesthesia were
      conducted using the jet-ventilation technique. The advantages and drawbacks of
      this technique are discussed. The authors list the indications which they regard
      as favoring the flexible tube rather than the rigid one, and emphasize the
      complementary nature of these 2 techniques in pediatrics.

PMID- 6365527
TI  - Depressive illness in patients with epilepsy: a review.

PMID- 6365528
TI  - Ideative-emotive behavioral characteristics of patients following left or right
      temporal lobectomy.

PMID- 6365529
TI  - Salmonella mutagenicity test results for 250 chemicals.

PMID- 6365530
TI  - Transitory recombination between plasmid pHV33 and phage M13.
AB  - Plasmid pHV33 and phage M13 which have no homology exceeding 13 bp, combine in
      Escherichia coli cells. The chimeric genome is encapsidated in phage proteins and
      injected into a recipient cell, where it decombines to regenerate the two
      parental genomes. We call this combination-decombination process 'transitory
      recombination'.

PMID- 6365531
TI  - Left-handed Z-DNA regions are present in negatively supercoiled bacteriophage PM2
      DNA.
AB  - Bacteriophage PM2 DNA is a 10-kb covalently closed circular (ccc) molecule with a
      reported superhelical density of sigma = -0.12. Here we describe the binding of
      anti-Z-DNA antibodies to PM2 form I DNA under high and low salt conditions. The
      binding to PM2 DNA has been demonstrated by competitive radioimmunoassay (RIA),
      retardation of the DNA:antibody complexes in agarose gels and visualization by
      electron microscopy. The antibody binding is dependent on the degree of negative
      supercoiling. Thus, PM2 form II and form III did not bind the antibody. The low
      salt RIA results indicated the presence of 200-400 bp of left-handed DNA per PM2
      molecule. This could reduce the effective superhelical density to sigma = -0.04
      to -0.08, a range comparable with those found for other ccc DNAs in vivo.
      Electron microscopy revealed that a maximum of 22 antibody molecules bind to PM2.
      Single-site restriction with HpaII of the fixed DNA:antibody complex showed a
      cluster of four to five antibody molecules bound near one end of the linear DNA
      molecule. The evidence presented indicates that PM2 DNA contains regions of left
      handed conformation under physiological conditions (low salt concentration) as
      well as at high salt concentrations. In addition, electrophoretic analyses of PM2
      topoisomers indicate the presence of left-handed regions at superhelical
      densities less than that of isolated PM2 DNA.

PMID- 6365532
TI  - Characterization of two mutations in the Escherichia coli galE gene inactivating
      the second galactose operator and comparative studies of repressor binding.
AB  - A series of plasmids has been constructed which contain either a single one of
      the two operators O1 and O2 of the Escherichia coli galactose operon or different
      combinations thereof. This permits comparison of the two operators with respect
      to their repressor binding ability. A plasmid containing only the second
      operator, O2, located within the structural gene galE, was found to titrate
      repressor in vivo and in vitro with essentially the same efficiency as a plasmid
      containing only the 'classical' galactose operator, O1, located upstream of the
      start of transcription. Whereas some cooperativity between the two sites seems
      possible in vivo, they bind repressor independently under the conditions of the
      in vitro assay. After hydroxylamine treatment of plasmid DNA in vitro, two
      different mutations have been isolated each of which inactivates the second
      operator, O2. Both are GC to AT transitions located at equivalent positions
      relative to the axis of rotational symmetry within the second gal operator.
      Subdividing O1 and O2 according to their 2-fold symmetry yields four half-sites
      with the consensus sequence (5')gTGnaAnC(3'). All known single point mutations of
      O1 and O2 affect the frame of invariant residues. The two half-sites of the lac
      operator also coincide with this frame.

PMID- 6365533
TI  - Import of proteins into mitochondria: nucleotide sequence of the gene for a 70-kd
      protein of the yeast mitochondrial outer membrane.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of the yeast chromosomal gene coding for the 70-kd
      protein of the mitochondrial outer membrane was determined. The deduced amino
      acid sequence of the protein agrees with the experimentally determined size and
      amino acid composition of the purified protein and correctly predicts the
      fragments obtained by cleaving the protein at its single tryptophan residue. The
      deduced NH2-terminal sequence features an uninterrupted stretch of 28 uncharged
      amino acids flanked on both sides by basic amino acids. By sequencing a truncated
      version of the gene it was found that the corresponding polypeptide product lacks
      the 203 carboxy-terminal amino acids of the authentic 70-kd protein. As shown in
      the accompanying paper, this protein fragment still becomes attached to the
      mitochondrial outer membrane in vivo.

PMID- 6365534
TI  - Binding of RecA protein to single-stranded nucleic acids: spectroscopic studies
      using fluorescent polynucleotides.
AB  - Binding of the recA gene product from Escherichia coli to single-stranded
      polynucleotides has been investigated using poly(dA) that have been modified by
      chloroacetaldehyde to yield fluorescent 1,N6-ethenoadenine (epsilon A) bases. A
      strong enhancement of the fluorescent quantum yield of poly(d epsilon A) is
      induced upon RecA protein binding. A 4-fold increase is observed in the absence
      of ATP or ATP gamma S and a 7-fold increase in the presence of either nucleoside
      triphosphate. RecA protein can bind to poly(d epsilon A) in the absence of both
      Mg2+ ions and ATP (or ATP gamma S) but Mg2+ ions are required to observe RecA
      protein binding in the presence of ATP (or ATP gamma S) at pH 7.5. ATP binding to
      the RecA-poly(d epsilon A) complex induces a dissociation of RecA from the
      polynucleotide followed by re-binding of [RecA-ATP-Mg2+] ternary complex. Whereas
      ATP-induced dissociation of RecA-poly(d epsilon A) complexes is a fast process,
      the subsequent binding reaction of [RecA-ATP-Mg2+] is slow. A model is proposed
      whereby [RecA-ATP-Mg2+] binding to poly(d epsilon A) involves slow nucleation and
      elongation processes along the polynucleotide backbone. The nucleation reaction
      is shown to involve at least a trimer or a tetramer. Polymerization of the [RecA
      ATP-Mg2+] ternary complex stops when the polynucleotide is entirely covered with
      6 +/- 1 nucleotides per RecA monomer. ATP hydrolysis then induces a release of
      RecA-ADP complexes from the polynucleotide template.

PMID- 6365535
TI  - Progress in immunization against Klebsiella infections.
AB  - Nosocomial infections with Klebsiella spp. are a leading cause of morbidity and
      mortality. The ability of Klebsiella spp. readily to colonize hospitalized
      patients, complications in treatment of infections due to R-factor-acquired
      antibiotic resistance, and the high mortality rate in certain patient
      populations, point to the need for immunoprophylactic/immunotherapeutic agents
      for disease control. The potential for vaccination against Klebsiella spp. is
      discussed in light of recent developments concerning the pathogenesis of
      Klebsiella infections as relates to the identification of protective antigens as
      possible vaccine candidates.

PMID- 6365536
TI  - Performance of two four-hour identification systems with atypical strains of
      Enterobacteriaceae.
AB  - Two four-hour systems (Rapid 20E and Micro-ID) for identification of
      Enterobacteriaceae were evaluated using 66 strains isolated from clinical
      specimens which could not be identified by conventional methods. API 20E was used
      as reference method. Both systems had an acceptable identification rate (84.8%
      for Rapid 20E and 74.2% for Micro-ID). After referral to API's computer
      facilities the identification rate of Rapid 20E rose to 92.4%. Micro-ID
      incorrectly identified 16.7% of the strains and Rapid 20E only 1.5%. On the other
      hand, no identification was achieved in 13.6% of the strains using Rapid 20E
      versus 6% using Micro-ID. On the basis of these findings Rapid 20E is considered
      the more suitable system for the rapid identification of Enterobacteriaceae
      strains which cannot be identified by conventional methods.

PMID- 6365537
TI  - Rapid bioluminescent assay for determining netilmicin and tobramycin
      concentrations in serum.
AB  - A rapid bioluminescent assay for determining netilmicin and tobramycin
      concentrations in serum based on the dose-dependent effect of these agents on the
      accumulation of extracellular ATP in Escherichia coli LU 14 cultures is
      presented. This strain of Escherichia coli is unaffected by antibiotics used in
      combination with aminoglycosides and it lacks significant ATP-ase activity, which
      is a prerequisite for extracellular ATP accumulation. ATP was quantified by the
      firefly bioluminescence system. The accuracy of the bioluminescent assay
      expressed as mean coefficient of variation over the therapeutic range was 3.2%;
      corresponding figures for EMIT and an agar disk diffusion assay were 4.2% and
      4.8% respectively. All methods used correlated well (r = 0.935-0.986) when they
      were evaluated on clinical serum specimens. The bioluminescent assay requires 25
      microliters serum and results are available within 75 min.

PMID- 6365538
TI  - Four-hour direct identification of Enterobacteriaceae in blood cultures.

PMID- 6365539
TI  - Gentamicin bioassay with increased sensitivity.

PMID- 6365540
TI  - Influence of probenecid on serum and subcutaneous tissue fluid concentrations of
      benzylpenicillin and ceftazidime in human volunteers.

PMID- 6365541
TI  - In vitro susceptibility of Eikenella corrodens to thirteen beta-lactam
      antibiotics and fosfomycin.

PMID- 6365542
TI  - A survey of H1o-and H5-like protein structure and distribution in higher and
      lower eukaryotes.
AB  - A survey of H1o and H5-like proteins has been conducted through a range of higher
      and lower eukaryotic species. All mammals examined possessed H1o proteins,
      although in variable amounts, and the protein's structure was well conserved,
      though not invariant. The testis-specific histone Hlt (from rat) did not have an
      H1o-like structure and it appears that H1o does not occur in spermatocytes in any
      form. The results also show that Xenopus laevis contains H1o-like proteins, but
      lower, non-vertebrate eukaryotes (a crustacean, two fungi and a plant tissue) do
      not possess H1o or H5 proteins. The evidence suggests that H1o and H5 proteins
      may be considered as belonging to one family, distinct from H1 types. This H1o/H5
      family may well be 'replacement histone' variants of H1. The results do not
      support suggestions of roles such as repression of DNA synthesis or of
      transcription for H1o/H5 proteins.

PMID- 6365543
TI  - Lipid A fractions analyzed by a technique involving thin-layer chromatography and
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
AB  - A modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with alkaline phosphatase
      as enzyme, was used for the study of antigenicity of lipid A fractions directly
      on thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) plates. For visualization a gel slab
      containing the enzyme substrate was placed on the plate containing enzyme
      conjugated antibodies. The plate was read by a thin-layer chromatogram
      spectrophotometer. The immunoassay was both highly specific and quite sensitive.
      Sensitivity was superior to levels obtained by staining the plate with molybdenum
      blue (for phosphate) or orcinol (for carbohydrate). Fractions of lipid A from
      Escherichia coli 0111, Shigella flexneri or Salmonella minnesota R595, after
      being separated by thin-layer chromatography, were analyzed using rabbit anti
      (lipid A) serum. Patterns obtained by scanning the same plates for phosphate
      staining and for the TLC-ELISA corresponded well. For comparison with TLC-ELISA,
      an inhibition assay was run using a tube ELISA. The tube ELISA, run in aqueous
      medium, showed that fractions 6-8 (those having the highest RF values) had the
      least activities. In contrast, TLC-ELISA did not detect large differences between
      fractions 2-7. This discrepancy probably reflected limited aqueous solubility of
      fractions 6 and 7. We conclude that TLC-ELISA might reveal antigenic activities
      of lipids that could be missed by other methods. The data suggested that all
      fractions, except for fraction 8, were similar in their antigenicity by TLC
      ELISA. Differences in antigenicity between the fractions occurred when the
      fractions were tested in free form in an aqueous environment and these
      differences possibly could have been due to different solubilities of individual
      fractions.

PMID- 6365544
TI  - The T-region of Ti plasmids codes for an enzyme synthesizing indole-3-acetic
      acid.
AB  - Gene 2 from the T region of Ti plasmids appears to be expressed both in
      eucaryotic and in procaryotic systems. In transformed plant cells it participates
      in auxin-controlled growth and differentiation, and in bacteria it is expressed
      into a defined protein of Mr 49000. We investigated the possibility that it codes
      for an enzyme involved in auxin biosynthesis. Only extracts from Escherichia coli
      cells expressing gene 2 hydrolyzed indole-3-acetamide into a substance which was
      unambiguously identified as indole-3-acetic acid. The same reaction was found in
      Agrobacteria containing gene 2, but not in strains lacking the gene. Extracts
      from tobacco crown gall cells, but not from non-transformed cells, showed the
      same enzyme activity, and the reaction product was also identified as indole-3
      acetic acid. The results indicate that gene 2 of the T region, which participates
      in tumorous growth of plant cells, codes both in bacteria and in plants for an
      amidohydrolase involved in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic
      acid.

PMID- 6365545
TI  - Metabolic imbalance in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant unable to grow on
      fermentable hexoses.
AB  - A mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae unable to grow on fermentable hexoses has
      been studied. The mutant grew normally on galactose or maltose. It was also able
      to grow on a medium containing glucose or fructose with a 25-fold excess of D
      xylose. Assay of the glycolytic enzymes in vitro did not show differences between
      the parental and the mutant strains. Upon addition of fructose, metabolites up to
      triose phosphates accumulated and the ATP dropped to low levels. It is proposed
      that an imbalance between the initial and final segments of glycolysis that
      depletes the cell of ATP produces the observed phenotype.

PMID- 6365546
TI  - Interactions in vivo between IIIGlc of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar
      phosphotransferase system and the glycerol and maltose uptake systems of
      Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - Our previous studies indicated that the ability of phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar
      phosphotransferase system (PTS) substrates to inhibit the uptake of glycerol or
      maltose in Salmonella typhimurium is dependent on the relative cellular content
      of the PTS-sensitive uptake system and of the PTS protein IIIGlc. Our present
      study confirms and extends those observations. The maltose and glycerol uptake
      systems are rendered (wholly or partially) insensitive to PTS inhibition by the
      presence of a second PTS-sensitive uptake system (respectively that for glycerol
      or maltose) and its substrate. Both the second PTS-sensitive uptake system and
      its substrate were needed for this protective effect. Galactose and the galactose
      permease (a PTS-insensitive transport system) did not have any effect on PTS
      mediated inhibition of the maltose uptake system. The protective effect of the
      second PTS-sensitive uptake system and its substrate is counteracted by
      increasing the cellular levels of IIIGlc. Overproduction of IIIGlc in crr-plasmid
      containing strains renders the glycerol and maltose uptake systems hypersensitive
      to inhibition by PTS substrates. We interpret our results on the basis of a
      stoichiometric interaction between IIIGlc and a PTS-sensitive uptake system, in
      which the IIIGlc--transport-system complex is inactive. Competition between two
      PTS-sensitive transport systems for formation of inactive complex with IIIGlc
      lowers the free intracellular concentration of IIIGlc resulting in a mutual
      protective effect against inhibition by IIIGlc.

PMID- 6365547
TI  - Fluorescence-quenching studies on a conformational transition within a domain of
      the beta 2 subunit of Escherichia coli tryptophan synthase.
AB  - The fluorescence quenching by acrylamide of the single tryptophan residue in the
      beta 2 subunit of tryptophan synthase from Escherichia coli K12 is studied for
      different states of the protein: the native apo-enzyme and holo-enzyme, the
      nicked apo-protein and holo-protein and the isolated proteolytic fragment F1
      corresponding to the N-terminal two thirds of beta 2. The quenching constants
      measured are used to estimate the accessibility of the tryptophan residue in
      these different forms. The results are discussed in terms of conformational
      transition within the F1 domain, occurring in the presence of the cofactor,
      pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, in the native enzyme. The proteolytic cleavage of the
      native enzyme is shown to render the nicked protein unable to undergo this
      conformational change.

PMID- 6365548
TI  - Primary structure of flavocytochrome b2 from baker's yeast. Purification by
      reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography and sequencing of fragment
      alpha cyanogen bromide peptides.
AB  - Reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography has been used for the
      purification of some large cyanogen bromide peptides from flavocytochrome b2
      fragment alpha. Acetonitrile gradients at acid and/or neutral pH using mu
      Bondapak C18 columns were useful for the smaller peptides (43 and 67 residues).
      The two larger ones, alpha CB1 and alpha CB2, could only be separated from each
      other by trifluoroacetic acid/1-propanol gradients on mu Bondapak-CN columns. The
      various systems tested are presented and compared. The elucidation of the amino
      acid sequence of alpha CB2 (95 residues), alpha CB3 (67 residues) and alpha CB4
      (43 residues) is described. The fragments were digested with trypsin,
      chymotrypsin and Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease as necessary. Fragment alpha
      CB2 was also cleaved at the unique tryptophanyl bond with cyanogen bromide.
      Peptides were fractionated by Sephadex chromatography, thin-layer finger-printing
      and/or high-pressure liquid chromatography. Peptides were sequenced mostly in the
      liquid phase sequenator. The cyanogen bromide peptides could be ordered using
      information obtained previously, as well as additional data obtained in this
      work. Together with the previous elucidation of cytochrome b2 core sequence and
      of the hinge region [Guiard, B. and Lederer, F. (1976) Biochimie (Paris) 58, 305-
      316; Ghrir, R. and Lederer, F. (1981) Eur. J. Biochem. 120, 279--287], the
      present results enable us to present the complete sequence of fragment alpha (314
      residues) with only three overlaps missing between cyanogen bromide peptides.
      Sequence comparisons with other known flavoproteins do not indicate any
      noticeable similarity. Structural predictions indicate an alteration of alpha
      helices and beta structure. The possibility that the non-heme-binding portion of
      fragment alpha could constitute a flavin-binding domain is discussed.

PMID- 6365549
TI  - The complete amino acid sequences of ribosomal proteins L17, L27, and S9 from
      Bacillus stearothermophilus.
AB  - The complete primary structures of proteins L17, L27 and S9 extracted from the
      Bacillus stearothermophilus ribosomes with 1 M NaCl and purified to homogeneity
      by column chromatography have been determined. The amino acid sequences of these
      proteins are compared to those of the homologous ribosomal proteins from
      Escherichia coli. The number of identical amino acid residues between the
      homologous proteins lies between 33-55%.

PMID- 6365550
TI  - Purification and properties of cinnamoyl-CoA reductase and cinnamyl alcohol
      dehydrogenase from poplar stems (Populus X euramericana).
AB  - Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase were purified to
      apparent homogeneity from poplar stems (Populus euramericana) and their main
      properties were studied. Only one form was identified for each enzyme. The
      reductase corresponded to one polypeptide of molecular weight 36 000 and the
      cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase was constituted of two identical subunits of
      molecular weight 40 000. These characteristics are in agreement with most of the
      data obtained for the same enzymes isolated from other plants. The two reductive
      enzymes are inhibited by thiol reagents and a metal chelator 1,10-phenanthroline.
      The isoelectric point of the reductase (pH 7.5) and of the dehydrogenase (pH 5.6)
      were determined by chromatofocusing. The cinnamoyl-CoA reductase exhibit a
      decreasing affinity towards feruloyl-CoA, sinapoyl-CoA and p-coumaroyl-CoA. The
      cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, which catalyses the reduction of the three
      cinnamaldehydes, exhibits its highest efficiency towards coniferaldehyde. In
      spite of differences in the monomeric composition of lignins from xylem and
      sclerenchyma the reductive enzymes isolated from these two lignified tissues
      exhibit the same substrate specificity. Consequently, they do not play an
      important role in the qualitative control of lignins in poplar tissues.

PMID- 6365551
TI  - Labelling and cross-linking of Escherichia coli penicillin-binding proteins with
      bis-beta-lactam antibiotics.
AB  - We have synthesized a number of radioactively labelled bis-beta-lactams, which
      are nearly symmetrical dimers of well-known beta-lactam antibiotics and act as
      bifunctional specific cross-linking reagents for the penicillin-binding proteins
      of Escherichia coli envelopes. We have observed that some of our bis-beta-lactam
      antibiotics cross-link two molecules of penicillin-binding protein 1b or 1c or 3.
      Furthermore our bis-beta-lactam antibiotics bind to E. coli proteins with higher
      affinities than the beta-lactams from which they were derived. Therefore, a
      number of monomeric protein bands are consistently labelled with our bis-beta
      lactam antibiotics (190, 170, 145 and 124 kDa) as well as the previously
      described penicillin-binding proteins 1a, 1b, 1c, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8. We do
      not know yet the possible enzymic activities of the penicillin-binding proteins
      of 190 kDa, 170 kDa, 145 kDa and 125 kDa that were not described previously. We
      have also detected some protein bands moving very slowly, which appear to be
      dimers or cross-linking species of these new high-molecular-mass penicillin
      binding proteins described above.

PMID- 6365552
TI  - Isolation and localization of phosphoprotein pp 135 in the nucleoli of various
      cell lines.
AB  - Phosphoprotein pp 135 is one of the dominant proteins endogenously phosphorylated
      in cellular sonicates during short-time exposure to [gamma-32P]ATP. Mouse cells
      growing exponentially show the highest pp 135 level as determined by endogenous
      phosphorylation and immunobinding assays. Disruption of cells in the absence of
      calcium at low magnesium concentration renders more than 90% pp 135 into the
      cytosolic fraction. A five-step purification yields greater than 95% pure pp 135.
      The cellular location of pp 135 was determined with a rat anti-(mouse pp 135)
      serum by immunofluorescence in mouse cell lines and cryostat sections of normal
      mouse tissue. We observed fluorescence predominantly of nucleolar structures,
      confirmed by studies of isolated nuclei and nucleoli. Cross-reacting nucleolar
      phosphoproteins were identified in cell lines of other species with molecular
      masses of 128 kDa (human), 135 kDa (hamster) and 118 kDa (Drosophila). Endogenous
      phosphorylation of pp 135 investigated with purified mouse nucleoli showed
      optimal activity at isotonicity, pH 7.3, in the presence of 10 mM magnesium ions.

PMID- 6365553
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a precursor form of lysosomal alpha-glucosidase
      from human urine.
AB  - A two-step procedure is described for the isolation of lysosomal alpha
      glucosidase from human urine. In the second step, affinity chromatography on
      Sephadex G-100, two fractions with acid alpha-glucosidase activity were obtained.
      Fraction I contained alpha-glucosidase of Mr 109000, whereas fraction II
      contained components of Mr 76000 and 70000. alpha-Glucosidase in fraction I had
      an Mr similar to that of the precursor of alpha-glucosidase detected in the
      medium of fibroblasts after labelling with [14C]leucine. The components in
      fraction II had Mr identical to those of the mature forms of alpha-glucosidase
      found in placenta or cultured human skin fibroblasts. alpha-Glucosidase in
      fraction I contained mannose 6-phosphate (3.5 mol/mol polypeptide). No mannose 6
      phosphate was present in the components in fraction II. Fraction I, but not
      fraction II, was avidly endocytosed by alpha-glucosidase-deficient cultured human
      skin fibroblasts. Endocytosis of fraction I was inhibited by mannose 6-phosphate.
      The pH optimum and Km values for p-nitrophenyl alpha-glucoside, maltose and
      glycogen of fractions I and II alpha-glucosidase were almost identical. However,
      the activity with glycogen relative to that of either p-nitrophenyl alpha
      glucoside or maltose was lower in fraction I than in fraction II. It is concluded
      that fraction I consists of the precursor form of alpha-glucosidase and fraction
      II of the mature forms of the enzyme. The importance of urine as a source of
      precursors of lysosomal enzymes is discussed.

PMID- 6365554
TI  - Use of a monoclonal antibody to distinguish between precursor and mature forms of
      human lysosomal alpha-glucosidase.
AB  - The maturation of lysosomal alpha-glucosidase in cultured human skin fibroblasts
      was studied using a monoclonal antibody that distinguishes between the precursor
      and mature forms of the enzyme. Monoclonal antibodies against alpha-glucosidase
      isolated from placenta were produced by the hybridoma technique [Hilkens et al.
      (1981) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 678, 7-11]. One of these monoclonal antibodies,
      that synthesized by clone 43G8, reacts with the mature forms, but not with the
      precursor form of alpha-glucosidase isolated from urine. By means of pulse
      labelling studies, it could be shown that monoclonal antibody 43G8 does not react
      with either the intracellular or the secreted precursor of alpha-glucosidase from
      cultured human skin fibroblasts. However, the antibody does react with the
      intermediate and mature forms of alpha-glucosidase. Endocytosis of the precurosor
      of alpha-glucosidase from urine by fibroblasts is followed by its conversion to a
      form with lower molecular mass. After endocytosis urinary precursor alpha
      glucosidase is converted to a form that binds to monoclonal antibody 43G8. The t
      1/2 for this conversion is 2 h. The conversion is inhibited by addition of
      leupeptin to the culture medium. It is concluded that a thiol proteinase is
      involved in the maturation of alpha-glucosidase in fibroblasts and the appearance
      of the antigenic determinant for 43G8.

PMID- 6365555
TI  - Catalytic significance of binary enzyme-aldehyde complexes in the liver alcohol
      dehydrogenase reaction.
AB  - The interaction of liver alcohol dehydrogenase with NADH and aldehyde substrates
      has been characterized with respect to ternary-complex formation by the
      apparently non-preferred pathway which involves intermediate formation of binary
      enzyme X aldehyde complexes. Rate constant estimates are reported for
      dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DACA) binding to free enzyme and for NADH binding to
      the enzyme X DACA complex. The rate of NADH (or NAD+) association to liver
      alcohol dehydrogenase is not detectably affected by DACA binding to the enzyme,
      but the NADH dissociation rate decreases approximately by a factor of 6. The NADH
      induced increase in affinity of the enzyme for DACA is similarly attributable to
      a decreased dissociation rate rather than an increased association rate of the
      aldehyde. DACA dissociates much more rapidly than coenzyme from the enzyme X NADH
      X aldehyde complex and shows a higher association rate constant than NADH in its
      interaction with free enzyme. It is concluded from these results that the enzymic
      reduction of typical aldehyde substrates will conform to a rate equation which is
      experimentally indistinguishable from that of a compulsory-order mechanism with
      coenzyme binding preceding substrate binding, and that this rate equation will
      obtain irrespective of which pathway for ternary-complex formation is actually
      preferred. Rate equations provide no reliable information about the order of
      ligand binding in ternary-complex systems. A flow analysis is presented which
      indicates that coenzyme and substrate are actually bound in random order to liver
      alcohol dehydrogenase during the enzymic reduction of aldehydes by NADH. The
      enzyme X aldehyde pathway for ternary-complex formation is fully kinetically
      competent, and reaction flow via this pathway may predominate when aldehyde
      concentrations exceed those required for half-saturation of free enzyme. Binary
      enzyme X aldehyde complexes are seemingly insignificant with respect to the rate
      behaviour of the enzyme, but may provide most significant and even predominant
      contributions to the catalytic reaction flow.

PMID- 6365556
TI  - Steady-state kinetics of horse-liver alcohol dehydrogenase with a covalently
      bound coenzyme analogue.
AB  - The steady-state kinetics of the enzyme modified by affinity labelling with NAD
      analogue, nicotinamide-N6-[N-(6-aminohexyl)carbamoylmethyl]-adenine dinucleotide,
      has been investigated using a recycling reaction with p-nitrosodimethylaniline
      and n-butanol as substrates and compared to the kinetics of native alcohol
      dehydrogenase. The modified enzyme obeys a ping-pong mechanism involving two
      inactive enzyme forms (enzyme-NAD and enzyme-NADH complexes in the 'open'
      conformations, the nicotinamide moieties of the coenzymes being out of the active
      center). The rate of p-nitrosodimethylaniline reduction in the reaction catalyzed
      by the modified enzyme is comparable to that observed in the presence of the
      native enzyme. On the other hand, the oxidation of butanol by the modified enzyme
      is essentially slower under our experimental conditions (pH 8.5). The
      measurements in the presence of specific alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors
      competing with substrates and coenzymes (isobutyramide, pyrazole and AMP)
      revealed that the relative portion of the inactive 'open' form of the enzyme-NADH
      complex is negligible, whereas the 'open' form of the enzyme-NAD complex seems to
      represent a more significant portion (about 30%) under the conditions used.

PMID- 6365557
TI  - Cyclic changes of the rate of phospholipid synthesis during synchronous growth of
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - The problem of the coordination between cyclic events in the DNA assembly line
      and the cell envelope assembly line was approached with the technique of
      synchronized cultures. Escherichia coli strains ML 30, K12 3300, K12 PC2, K12
      BB2014 and B/rF were synchronized by repeated cycles of mass doubling followed by
      short phosphate starvation periods. Steady-state balanced growth was obtained by
      subsequent incubation in non-limiting growth conditions for one or more
      generation times. Several successive cell cycles were monitored for mass increase
      and cell number, while the rate of DNA synthesis and the rate of phospholipid
      synthesis were usually measured with more than one method. In all strains, and in
      strain ML 30 in five different growth media giving doubling times from 20-110
      min, a discontinuity in the rate of synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine and of
      phosphatidylglycerol was observed. These two major phospholipid components of
      inner and outer membranes were synthesized at a constant rate per cell for a
      large portion of the cell cycle and the rate of synthesis of both increased
      twofold at the same time. This cyclic program was reproducible not only in
      successive cell cycles, but also in separate experiments with the same strain, in
      the same medium. In contrast, differences in timing were observed with different
      strains, and in the same strain with different carbon sources. In particular, the
      simultaneity of the increase in phospholipid synthesis either with DNA initiation
      or with cell division could not be observed as a rule.

PMID- 6365558
TI  - Organization of microtubules in dividing and elongating cells of Vicia hajastana
      Grossh. in suspension culture.
AB  - Cells of Vicia hajastana Grossh. cultured with 2,4-D showed coupled division and
      growth and formed multicellular files of small isodiametric cells. In GA without
      added 2,4-D, the cells stopped dividing and continued elongating for several
      days. Total growth was the same in both hormone conditions. An immunofluorescent
      technique was developed to study microtubule (MT) distribution. Cells in GA
      showed parallel MT arrays oriented transversely to the axis of elongation. In
      some cells the number of MT per unit length was maintained during growth while
      other elongating cells showed reduced frequency of MT. Microtubules often
      appeared as thickened, branched strands, probably as a result of lateral
      aggregation. In cells grown in 2,4-D some pre-prophase bands of MT were observed.
      Cells in mitosis lacked cortical MT, and all organized staining was in spindles
      or phragmoplasts. Interphase cells in 2,4-D showed variable organization of
      cortical MT ranging from disordered to transversely ordered. Cells in early
      interphase had disordered MT while larger cells showed order. These observations
      indicate that MT in cycling cells are continually changing organization, probably
      accounting for the different distributions observed in interphase cells. On
      cessation of the mitotic cycle, reorganization of MT stops and transverse arrays
      of cortical MT are maintained as cells elongate. These processes are similar to
      those observed in organized tissues; however, cultured cells offer distinct
      advantages for experimental manipulation and microscopic observation of
      cytoskeleton.

PMID- 6365559
TI  - Demonstration of different patterns of microtubule organization in Physarum
      polycephalum myxamoebae and plasmodia using immunofluorescence microscopy.
AB  - We have used anti-tubulin antibodies and immunofluorescence microscopy to
      determine the overall distribution of microtubules during interphase and mitosis
      in both the myxamoebae and plasmodia of the slime mold Physarum polycephalum. We
      have paralleled these observations with electron microscopy of the same stages.
      The myxamoebae possess a network of cytoplasmic microtubules whilst the
      coenocytic plasmodium does not possess any cytoplasmic microtubules--at either
      interphase or mitosis. In plasmodia microtubules are, however, elaborated by an
      intranuclear microtubule organizing centre (MTOC) during prophase of mitosis and
      these microtubules proceed to form part of the mitotic spindle. There is little
      difference in the overall distribution and arrangement of microtubules during
      division of either the myxamoebal or plasmodial nuclei. These findings are
      discussed in relation to the synthesis of tubulin during the plasmodial cell
      cycle and the rearrangements of the nuclear envelope during mitosis.

PMID- 6365560
TI  - Chicken macrophages synthesize and secrete avidin in culture.
AB  - It was previously shown that avidin, a glycoprotein secreted in vivo by chicken
      oviduct, is produced by cultured transformed or damaged chicken embryo
      fibroblasts [27]. This report demonstrates synthesis and secretion of large
      amounts of avidin by macrophages isolated from chicken yolk sac. Avidin was
      secreted to the culture medium as shown by immunoprecipitation of metabolically
      labeled proteins. In the culture medium of macrophages the avidin concentration
      (up to 47.5 +/- 0.5 microgram/mg cellular protein) exceeded, in agreement with
      previous findings, that of fibroblasts (up to 7.3 +/- 0.7 microgram/mg) infected
      with transforming retroviruses (Rous sarcoma virus, its mutants temperature
      sensitive for transformation and OK 10 virus). No difference between the
      macrophage avidin and the egg white avidin was detected by both the heat-induced
      [14C] biotin exchange assay and immunoblotting (subunit Mr = 15600). By
      immunofluorescence 10 to 20% of the cells were positive for avidin, independent
      of the time in culture (1-30 days). The staining pattern varied between dense or
      granular perinuclear and strong reticulo-granular fluorescence throughout the
      cytoplasm. Double staining for avidin and the Golgi region by wheat germ
      agglutinin showed that avidin is concentrated, and might be processed, in the
      Golgi complex. The production of avidin by macrophages supports a role for avidin
      in host defence mechanisms.

PMID- 6365561
TI  - First comparative colpo-cyto-histopathologic study carried out in the cities of
      Panama, Arraijan Chorrera.
AB  - The Authors evaluate the data from colposcopy, colpocytology and histology in a
      prevalently nomad population, difficult to be examined. The results are exposed.

PMID- 6365562
TI  - Minimal cardiac transit times--a sensitive parameter reflecting changes in
      cardiac volume-to-flow ratios.
AB  - Minimal cardiac transit times (MTTs) are differences between times of appearance
      of the indicator at consecutive segments of the cardiopulmonary circulation. The
      MTTs are shown to be directly proportional to the quotient of volume to flow. The
      relationship of the cardiac MTTs to ventricular ejection fraction was derived.
      Utilizing this technique the ejection fractions of the left and right ventricles
      in 72 normal individuals were calculated. Theoretical aspects of measuring
      cardiac MTTs were related to experience of clinical application and confirmed its
      usefulness.

PMID- 6365564
TI  - The hyperactive halo as a sign of renal graft death in 99mTc-DTPA studies.
AB  - In scintigraphic studies of renal transplants the absence of renal perfusion and
      clearance have been demonstrated to have many possible pathologic etiologies,
      vascular obstructions, and rejections. Increased perinephric activity was
      suggested as a sign of renal infarction and its absence may indicate potential
      renal viability. A case is presented in which a hyperactive halo was seen when
      the graft was dying.

PMID- 6365563
TI  - Pulmonary blood volume: analysis during exercise in patients with left
      ventricular dysfunction.
AB  - Recent reports have demonstrated substantial increases in pulmonary activity
      during radionuclide stress exercise studies in patients with coronary heart
      disease. These studies have shown that the degree of the increase reflected the
      severity of the underlying disease. We studied the effects of supine exercise on
      systolic function and pulmonary activity in ten normal control subjects and 20
      patients with congestive cardiomyopathy (12 ischemic and 8 idiopathic). Ejection
      fraction rose in the normals (P less than 0.001), end-diastolic volume increased
      slightly but significantly (P less than 0.05), and pulmonary activity rose by
      less than 16%, (mean 10%) while cardiac output increased by 162%. On the other
      hand, the myopathy patients demonstrated a small increase in cardiac output,
      (+49%) with a more substantial increase in pulmonary activity (+25%, P less than
      0.05 vs normals). In these patients, ejection fraction did not change during
      exercise, while end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes rose. In the myopathy
      patients, the cause for an increase in cardiac output was a rise in heart rate,
      with little change in stroke volume. We conclude that pulmonary activity rises in
      myopathy patients to a greater extent than in normal controls. This probably
      reflects the greater elevation in filling pressures these patients need to
      maintain forward cardiac output.

PMID- 6365565
TI  - Dual radionuclide subtraction imaging of vertebral disc infection using an 111In
      labelled leucocyte scan and a 99mTc-tin colloid scan.
AB  - Interpretation of the posterior view of an 111In-labelled leucocyte scan is
      difficult when infection is suspected in that region of the spine overlaid by the
      left lobe of the liver. A case is reported of the successful localisation of
      infection in this region by combining an 111In-labelled leucocyte scan with a
      99mTc-tin colloid scan in a dual radionuclide subtraction technique.

PMID- 6365566
TI  - Radionuclide demonstration of ventriculoatrial shunt-cutaneous fistula with
      cerebrospinal fluid leak.
AB  - Radionuclide techniques have commonly been used to assess ventriculovenous shunt
      function, cerebrospinal fluid dynamics, and for the diagnosis of cerebrospinal
      fluid leaks. All of these techniques were utilized in this unusual case of
      retrograde migration of a ventriculoatrial catheter into the neck, with cutaneous
      fistulization and CSF leak.

PMID- 6365568
TI  - Effect of surgical trauma on various aspects of the immune response in rats.
AB  - The effects of a standard laparotomy on different aspects of the immune response
      were studied in Wistar R/A rats. When the antigen was administered at the time of
      operation, antibody synthesis against sheep red blood cells (SRBC), a thymo
      dependent antigen was significantly stimulated. The same phenomenon was observed
      when a soluble antigen extracted from SRBC was injected during the surgical
      procedure. On the contrary, late antibody production induced by formalinized
      Salmonella enteritidis or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, two thymo
      independent antigens, was reduced in operated animals. Cell-mediated immunity
      against SRBC was investigated by the radiometric ear index test described by
      Kostiala in 1977. Surgery did not alter the induction phase but suppressed the
      expression of the cellular immune response. Carrageenin-induced edema was
      inhibited in operated rats. These results show that surgical trauma acts
      differently on the various aspects of the immune response.

PMID- 6365569
TI  - Therapy in stage I non-seminomatous testicular tumor. A critical review of
      current strategies.
AB  - Currently administered forms of treatment after orchiectomy of non-seminomatous
      testicular tumor include unilateral (modified) or bilateral (radical)
      retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RLND), adjuvant chemotherapy with or
      without RLND, radiotherapy, and a watch policy with close follow-up ('wait and
      see'). As diagnostic techniques and therapy concepts improve and new results
      become accessible, an up-to-date appraisal of these strategies in view of
      accuracy of staging procedures, of risk of progression, and of morbidity of
      treatment is being attempted. Our own results of modified and radical RLND are
      presented. 4 of 55 patients (9.5%) relapsed within 2 years after modified RLND. 1
      of 26 patients (Urological Clinic, Bonn) and 13 of 106 patients (Bonn Register of
      Testicular Tumor) relapsed within 2 years after radical RLND. Relapse rates are 4
      and 13.4%, respectively. Correlation between pT stage and rate of progression was
      found to be significant (95 cases; alpha = 0.01). From data published in the
      literature and our own data, we conclude that modified RLND with close follow-up
      is still preferable to other strategy, for reasons of exact staging, low
      morbidity, and curativity for all patients in clinical stage I. Expected results
      from current trials on a 'wait and see' approach for patients with low risk of
      progression may alter this conclusion. The therapeutic advantage of adjuvant
      chemotherapy for patients with high risk of progression has yet to be
      demonstrated.

PMID- 6365567
TI  - Oncogenes: clues to carcinogenesis.
AB  - Recent applications of recombinant DNA techniques in cancer research led to the
      detection of cellular genes with potential transforming activity, called
      oncogenes (c-onc). Regularly they seem to be involved in normal cell
      differentiation and proliferation: a number of oncogene-encoded proteins
      specifically phosphorylates tyrosine, a key reaction in growth control. Certain
      human tumors exhibit activated forms of these genes and DNA fragments isolated
      from these neoplasms transform nonneoplastic cells (transfection assay).
      Oncogenes were first discovered and defined in a number of retroviruses; these
      viral oncogenes (v-onc) are thought to have been derived from the cellular
      oncogenes (c-onc). By integration of the v-onc genes into the host genome acute
      neoplastic transformation of the cell may occur. Several modes of oncogene
      activation are discussed that lead either to an increased dosage of gene product
      or to the formation of an altered gene product. The localization of oncogenes in
      the human genome near the breakpoints of specific chromosome aberrations involved
      in various neoplasms like Burkitt lymphoma and several leukemias emphasizes the
      importance of these genes in carcinogenesis.

PMID- 6365571
TI  - Technological tools for rural special education.

PMID- 6365570
TI  - One-stage urethroplasty for urethral stricture. Free full thickness skin graft
      versus cutaneous island flap urethroplasty.
AB  - 50 patients with urethral strictures (35 bulbar, 40% iatrogenic) were treated by
      a one-stage skin inlay urethroplasty, using either a free full thickness patch
      (29 cases) or an island flap (21 cases), and followed up from 6 months to 3
      years. Good results were achieved in 79% of the bulbar strictures irrespective of
      the type of the procedure. Penile and multioperated bulbar strictures are best
      treated using cutaneous island flap urethroplasty.

PMID- 6365572
TI  - Technologies as rural special education problem-solvers.

PMID- 6365573
TI  - The thickness of the glomerular basement membrane in irradiated and unirradiated
      Wistar rats and C-57 BL mice of different age groups.
AB  - In both Wistar rats and C-57 BL mice, the thickness of the glomerular basement
      membrane increases progressively with age. This change, which can be measured in
      cohorts of manageable size, produces a measurement of biological age--if one
      accepts the assumption that it correlates with the viability of the organism that
      exhibit it. Whole-body exposure to x-rays has no observable influence on this age
      related change.

PMID- 6365574
TI  - Indirect immunofluorescence of microtubules in Dictyostelium discoideum. A study
      with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to tubulins.
AB  - Amebae of D. discoideum on coverslips were fixed in situ with glutaraldehyde and
      permeabilized with Triton X-100. Of six antibodies tested, only a monoclonal
      antibody to yeast tubulin consistently gave bright fluorescence. Counterstaining
      with DAPI facilitated the identification of interphase and mitotic stages. Most
      microtubules (MTs) in interphase amebae emanated from a nucleus-associated centre
      that had a non-fluorescent core. Amebae in early stages of mitosis lacked
      cytoplasmic MTs almost entirely. The nascent spindle in prophase appeared as a
      brightly fluorescent dot, whereas the prometaphase spindle was a short rod.
      Spindles in metaphase and anaphase nuclei were more elongate, some consisting of
      several fluorescent lines. Astral MTs were prominent on spindles in anaphase and
      telophase. Asters are obviously converted to the interphase complex of MTs in
      post-mitotic cells, while the shaft-like remnant of the central spindle
      disappears. The cyclical changes in the MT system related to cell division
      resemble those observed in higher eukaryotes and probably reflect changes in the
      locomotory behavior of the amebae rather than changes in cell shape.

PMID- 6365575
TI  - Identification of a nuclear protein component of interchromatin granules using a
      monoclonal antibody and immunogold electron microscopy.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody, designated 780-3, has been generated which preferentially
      recognizes an antigenic component of interchromatin granules in human cells. By
      indirect immunofluorescence procedures, monoclonal antibody 780-3 produces a cell
      cycle-specific speckled nuclear staining pattern in adult human fibroblasts which
      is dramatically altered during metaphase. In contrast, transformed cells appear
      to express this antigen throughout the cell cycle in increased quantities.
      Immunogold electron microscopy revealed that the nuclear antigen is intimately
      associated with interchromatin granules in human cells. Analysis by immunoblot
      procedures showed that monoclonal antibody 780-3 recognizes two polypeptides of
      105 and 41 kD. From these data, a possible nucleolar derivation of interchromatin
      granules is discussed. These studies demonstrate for the first time that
      monoclonal antibodies may be used in combination with immunogold electron
      microscopy to identify the ultrastructural location of nuclear antigens.

PMID- 6365576
TI  - Electron microscopic immunolocalization of a karyoskeletal protein of molecular
      weight 145 000 in nucleoli and perinucleolar bodies of Xenopus laevis.
AB  - Amplified nucleoli of Xenopus laevis oocytes contain a major karyoskeletal
      protein of Mr 145 000 insoluble in low- and high-salt buffer as well as in non
      denaturing detergents. Electron microscopic localization on native and high-salt
      extracted nucleoli using specific murine antibodies against this polypeptide and
      gold-coupled antibodies for visualization reveals that the Mr 145 000 protein is
      located in coils of filaments of ca 4 nm diameter. In addition, this protein
      occurs in the medusoid filament bodies (MFBs) present in the nucleolar cortex and
      free in the nucleoplasm. In somatic cells of tissues and in A6 kidney epithelial
      cells grown in vitro the Mr 145 000 polypeptide or an immunologically related
      protein is also organized in coiled aggregates of filaments 4-12 nm in diameter
      present both in the periphery of nucleoli and free in the nucleoplasm. We discuss
      a possible role of this protein as a karyoskeletal support involved in the
      storage and transport of preribosomal particles.

PMID- 6365577
TI  - The influence of insulin in the cell cycle of human aging cells.
AB  - Normal human IMR 90 fibroblasts at population doubling levels (PDL) 28
      approximately 33 had an increased incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA when the
      cells were pretreated with physiologic concentrations of insulin (5 approximately
      10 ng/ml) prior to re-initiation of the cell cycle. Insulin stimulation was not
      observed with fibroblasts at PDL 50 nor with SV40 virus transformed cells. In all
      cells treated with supra-physiologic concentrations of insulin (1000
      approximately 6000 ng/ml) prior to the re-initiation of cell cycle, the
      incorporation of thymidine into DNA was greatly diminished. Autoradiographic
      studies of the effect of insulin suggest that a larger fraction of cells was
      found to enter S phase than untreated cultures. This effect was evident in
      younger cells rather than senescent cells.

PMID- 6365578
TI  - Treatment of malignant pleural effusion with drainage, with and without
      instillation of talc.
AB  - In order to determine whether pleural drainage with talc instillation was better
      than pleural drainage alone, in the treatment of malignant effusion, the present
      trial was initiated. Thirty-one patients with malignant pleural effusion and
      progressive disease, resistant to conventional therapy, were included. All
      patients had pleural drainage applied. After re-expansion of the lung, half of
      the patients had talc instilled through the chest tube. Twenty-one of the 31
      treated patients were evaluable. After pleural drainage with talc instillation,
      all of 9 treated patients obtained complete resolution of the effusion and
      subjective improvement. After pleural drainage alone, 7 of 12 patients obtained
      complete resolution of the malignant effusion. If it is possible to re-expand the
      lung during pleural drainage in patients with a malignant pleural effusion,
      pleurodesis can be obtained in 60% of the treated patients with pleural drainage
      alone. This study showed a statistically significant improvement in the treatment
      associated with instillation of talc into the pleural cavity and this was
      achieved without causing increased discomfort to the patient.

PMID- 6365579
TI  - Human health effects of exposure to cadmium.
AB  - The health effects of human exposure to cadmium are discussed with emphasis on
      intake, absorption, body burden, and excretion; osteomalacia in Japan;
      hypertension; and proteinuria, emphysema, osteomalacia, and cancer in workers.
      Elevated blood pressure has not been observed as a result of excessive exposures
      to cadmium in Japan or the workplace. Renal tubular dysfunction and consequent
      proteinuria is generally accepted as the main effect following long-term, low
      level exposure to cadmium. Studies of workers show that proteinuria may develop
      after the first year of exposure or many years after the last exposure.
      Proteinuria and deterioration of renal function may continue even after cessation
      of exposure. The immediate health significance of low-level proteinuria is still
      under debate. However, there is evidence that long-term renal tubular dysfunction
      may lead to abnormalities of calcium metabolism and osteomalacia. The few autopsy
      and cross-sectional studies of workers do not permit conclusions to be drawn
      regarding the relationship between cadmium exposure and emphysema. Retrospective
      and historical-prospective studies are needed to settle this important question.
      No conclusive evidence has been published regarding cadmium-induced cancer in
      humans. However, there is sufficient evidence to regard cadmium as a suspect
      renal and prostate carcinogen. Because of equivocal results and the absence of
      dose-response relationships, the studies reviewed should be used with caution in
      making regulatory decisions and low-dose risk assessments.

PMID- 6365582
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to L-asparaginase.
AB  - Five hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibody to E. coli L-asparaginase were
      isolated. These monoclonal antibodies were classified into 3 different
      subclasses; Ig G1 (1 clone), Ig G2 (2 clones) and Ig G3 (2 clones). One of them
      possessed anti-L-asparaginase neutralizing activity. Four antibodies examined
      demonstrated a linear Langmuir binding plot and binding affinities, with
      equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) ranging between 2.5 X 10(-9) M and 6.3 X
      10(-10) M. The monoclonal antibodies should be useful probes for investigation of
      the enzyme activity.

PMID- 6365581
TI  - Induction of heart alterations by immunization with subcellular fractions from
      Crithidia fasciculata.
AB  - Immunization of mice with subcellular fractions of C. fasciculata led to
      myocarditis and electrocardiographic alterations similar to those induced by
      immunization with T. cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas' disease, suggesting
      the presence of similar cardiotoxic antigens in both trypanosomatid flagellates.

PMID- 6365580
TI  - Cadmium in human population.

PMID- 6365583
TI  - Dipeptidyl aminopeptidase in neonatal rat brain regions.
AB  - Changes in the activity of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase in rat pituitary gland and
      various brain regions were examined at 3, 5 and 20 weeks of age. The enzyme
      activity per g tissue wet weight in pituitary gland was the highest of all
      tissues studied. Subcellular distribution of the activity was also studied. The
      highest enzyme activity was found in a crude mitochondrial fraction including
      synaptosomes.

PMID- 6365584
TI  - Participation of microtubules and microfilaments in the transcellular biliary
      secretion of immunoglobulin A in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes.
AB  - The biliary secretion of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in primary hepatocyte cultures
      was investigated by means of immunofluorescence. The characteristic accumulation
      of IgA in visible bile canaliculi was found to be strongly inhibited by
      vinblastine and colchicine or by cytochalasin B, but its surface binding was not.

PMID- 6365585
TI  - Pulmonary edema in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Involvement of
      catecholamines.
AB  - Mice inoculated with Plasmodium berghei developed a drastic and significant
      pulmonary edema. Treatment of animals with phenoxybenzamine rendered mice
      hyporeactive to this physiopathological alteration.

PMID- 6365586
TI  - Structure-function relationship for Kunitz and Kazal type trypsin inhibitors.

PMID- 6365587
TI  - Index of biochemical reviews 1982.

PMID- 6365588
TI  - Coupling between phosphatidylinositol metabolism and cdc 28 gene product of
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae. On the possible mechanism of cdc 28 gene action.
AB  - It was shown that the decrease in phosphatidylinositol (PI) content in cdc 28 G1
      cells was due to a defect in inositol transport. This decrease in inositol
      transport was linked to microtubular function which was evident by the effect of
      a microtubular disrupting agent (colcemid) on inositol transport in stationary
      phase A364A cells. The involvement of PI in yeast G1 phase was further
      substantiated by the observation that o-phenanthroline, which blocks yeast cells
      in G1 phase, could inhibit inositol transport and PI levels as well. It is
      proposed that the regulation of PI metabolism is mediated by the gene cdc 28 and
      that microtubules may play a major role in the mechanism of action of this gene
      product.

PMID- 6365590
TI  - Purification of Escherichia coli 50 S ribosomal proteins by high performance
      liquid chromatography.
AB  - The 50 S subunit proteins from the Escherichia coli ribosome were purified by
      size-exclusion, ion-exchange or reversed phase high performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) avoiding any precipitation or desalting procedures during
      isolation. Best resolution of this complex protein mixture was achieved by
      reversed phase chromatography on supports with short alkyl chains and C18
      hydrocarbon-bonded phases; 23 out of the 32 proteins from the 50 S subunit were
      purified as shown by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, amino acid analysis and
      direct micro-sequencing. Protein recoveries varied between 25 and 84% as
      determined by amino acid analysis. Ribosomal proteins of other organisms can be
      separated under similar conditions.

PMID- 6365589
TI  - Effects of islet-activating protein on insulin- and isoprenaline-stimulated
      glucose transport in isolated rat adipocytes.
AB  - The effects of islet-activating protein (IAP), a Bordetella pertussis toxin, on
      insulin- and isoprenaline-stimulated glucose transport were studied in isolated
      rat adipocytes. Basal as well as insulin-stimulated glucose transport were not
      affected when cells were pretreated with IAP. In contrast, IAP pretreatment
      abolished the stimulatory effect of isoprenaline. When IAP-pretreated cells were
      exposed to a combination of insulin and isoprenaline, the catecholamine
      significantly reduced the stimulatory effect of insulin. Since IAP is supposed to
      specifically block the inhibitory component Ni of adenylate cyclase, the results
      suggest that: (a) the effect of insulin is unrelated to the regulation of
      adenylate cyclase; (b) isoprenaline may exert both stimulatory and inhibitory
      effects depending on activation of Ni. The inhibitory regulation of adenylate
      cyclase may thus be a pivotal link in the regulation of glucose transport.

PMID- 6365591
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the Galleria mellonella nuclear polyhedrosis virus origin
      of DNA replication.
AB  - The initiation sites of the Galleria mellonella L. nuclear polyhedrosis virus
      (G.m. NPV) DNA replication were revealed. For this purpose SCLd 135 cells
      permitting the G.m. NPV productive reproduction were transformed by the
      recombinant plasmids containing the viral genome individual fragments in pRSF
      2124 and pBR 322 vectors. It was revealed that 2 of the 32 recombinant plasmids
      can autonomously replicate in the eucaryotic cells. According to the Maxam
      Gilbert method the DNA G.m. NPV fragment (1300 bp) primary structure of pHBR
      plasmid was determined. The structure analysis revealed the typical regulator
      signals as in the replicons. The possible regulation mechanism of the DNA G.m.
      NPV synthesis initiation was supposed.

PMID- 6365592
TI  - Complete nucleotide sequence of mouse 18 S rRNA gene: comparison with other
      available homologs.
AB  - We present the complete sequence of mouse 18 S rRNA. As indicated by comparison
      with yeast, Xenopus and rat, the conservation of eukaryotic 18 S rRNA sequences
      is extensive. However, this conservation is far from being uniform along the
      molecule: most of the base changes and the size differences between species are
      concentrated at specific locations. Two distinct classes of divergent traces can
      be detected which differ markedly in their rates of nucleotide substitution
      during evolution, and should prove valuable in additional comparative analyses,
      both for eukaryotic taxonomy and for rRNA higher order organization. Mouse and
      rat 18 S rRNA sequences differ by only 14 point changes over the 1869 nucleotides
      of the molecule.

PMID- 6365594
TI  - [Health bulletins on V. V. Maiakovskii].

PMID- 6365593
TI  - Aldehydic peptides inhibiting renin.
AB  - Aldehydic peptides in which the C terminal residue is leucinal or phenylalaninal
      were synthesized. These compounds exhibited potent inhibition of renin activity
      and appeared to be precursors of transition state analogues for renin-catalysed
      amide bond hydrolysis.

PMID- 6365595
TI  - [Medicine in ancient Rome].

PMID- 6365596
TI  - [History of women's medical education in Russia].

PMID- 6365597
TI  - Clinical tests of sperm fertilizing ability.

PMID- 6365598
TI  - Clinical validation of enzymeimmunoassay of human luteinizing hormone (hLH) in
      the detection of the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in urine.
AB  - The preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge (mean, 60.7 standard error +/-
      4.7 mIU/ml) as determined by a solid-phase enzymeimmunoassay in urine has been
      correlated with clinical parameters in 24 women. In group A, of seven women, the
      preovulatory LH surge correlated with basal body temperature and cervical mucus.
      In one of the women in group A, serum levels of pituitary and gonadal hormones
      confirmed ovulation. In group B, of 17 women, the urinary estrone-3-glucuronide
      (E1-3-G) peak was either coincident with or preceded the LH surge. The LH surge
      in all cases occurred 12 to 24 hours prior to follicular rupture, as visualized
      by real-time sonography. The enzymeimmunoassay for the detection of the
      preovulatory LH surge is useful in patients for artificial insemination and for
      aspiration of mature oocytes for in vitro fertilization.

PMID- 6365599
TI  - Comparison of the operating microscope and loupe for microsurgical tubal
      anastomosis: a randomized clinical trial.
AB  - Reversal of sterilization was performed by microsurgical tubal anastomosis in 72
      women using either loupe (n = 36) or microscope (n = 36). The study design called
      for the randomization of patients within pairs, which were matched for method of
      sterilization and site of anastomosis. A significant difference between methods
      could not be demonstrated at 12 months (P = 0.39) or 24 months (P = 0.37) after
      the procedure.

PMID- 6365600
TI  - An immunosorption assay for antibodies to spermatozoa: comparison with
      agglutination and immobilization tests.
AB  - We have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorption assay (ELISA) with an antigen
      extract made by treatment of freeze-thawed sperm pools with 0.3 M lithium 3,5
      diiodosalicylate (LIS). This procedure is quick, safe, and simple to perform in a
      clinical laboratory. When the LIS antigen preparation was compared by ELISA with
      whole sperm and several other antigen extracts, it was found to be superior in
      detecting human antisperm antibodies related to infertility; it gave less
      variability, better precision, and fewer false-positive reactions than whole
      sperm fixed to the wells as antigen. The antigen was stable when stored at -20
      degrees C. In one experimental series, serum samples from 18 normal control
      subjects and 159 infertility patients with positive sperm-immobilizing titers,
      positive sperm-agglutinating titers, or both, were tested by ELISA with LIS
      antigen; the correlation yielded a P less than or equal to 0.0001. Based on
      another series of 156 samples from patients with positive antibody titers by the
      sperm agglutination test and 30 sera from normal humans, the predictive value of
      the test was 96%. In a third series of 162 serum samples obtained from 82 women
      and 80 men, we found no difference in the test results based on sex. The assay is
      specific for the antibody binding portion of the immunoglobulin. Absorption of
      positive sera with sperm but not red blood cells markedly reduces the response.
      In addition to being more efficient and precise than standard methods, the ELISA
      eliminates the need for fresh sperm and provides data that can be objectively
      interpreted.

PMID- 6365602
TI  - Ovulation induction and pregnancy in hypothalamic amenorrhea using self
      administered intravenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

PMID- 6365601
TI  - An intravaginal contraceptive device for the delivery of an acrosin and
      hyaluronidase inhibitor.
AB  - A study was begun to develop a contraceptive delivery system that would free the
      user from precoital or daily administration and utilize a nonhormonal agent as
      the active ingredient. Testing of such a system in rabbits has led to the
      development of a device that will release a controlled level of an acrosin and
      hyaluronidase inhibitor into the vagina. This toroidal device is composed of a
      core of tetradecyl sodium sulfate (TDSS) incorporated in polyurethane surrounded
      by a rate-limiting membrane of polyurethane. Such devices had a sustained in
      vitro TDSS release rate of greater than or equal to 400 micrograms/day for over
      30 days. These devices had a complete contraceptive effect in 15 rabbits bred
      weekly for 4 weeks. The contraceptive effect is due to release of the TDSS into
      the vagina and the subsequent binding of the TDSS to spermatozoa in the female
      reproductive tract. TDSS has a very low toxicity profile in the rat, dog, and
      rabbit.

PMID- 6365603
TI  - Antibodies to human spermatozoa impede sperm penetration of cervical mucus or
      hamster eggs.
AB  - Antisperm antibodies from infertile patients and men with vasectomies can impede
      human sperm penetration of hamster eggs. When human spermatozoa were exposed to
      antisperm antibodies, six samples totally blocked and another ten significantly
      reduced sperm penetration, and only two samples yielded results comparable with
      those obtained with normal serum. The penetration rate was 59% for the control
      sera; the test serum rate was 15%. Ninety percent caused a reduction in egg
      penetration. The IgG fraction caused a reduction similar to that of whole serum.
      Antisperm antibodies can also reduce sperm penetration of cervical mucus. We
      found that 21% of the serum samples reduced mucus penetration. No specific
      antisperm antibody type (agglutination, immobilization, or antibodies as revealed
      by immunofluorescence) always prevented cervical mucus penetration or sperm
      penetration of hamster eggs. Furthermore, exposure to even high titers of
      antibodies in some serum samples did not result in total prevention of sperm
      penetration either of hamster eggs or cervical mucus, an indication that only
      certain antibody types prevent chances of fertility. The use of sperm penetration
      assays may be valuable tools with which to determine (1) the fertilizability of
      semen from men who exhibit seminal antisperm antibodies and (2) the importance of
      various antibodies in the prevention of fertilization.

PMID- 6365604
TI  - Effects of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist on hormonal levels in the
      pregnant baboon and on fetal outcome.
AB  - In order to study the function of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in
      pregnancy, a GnRH antagonist was administered to pregnant baboons (35 to 45 days'
      gestation) over 7 days. A marked suppression of progesterone, estrone, and
      estradiol was observed during treatment. In two animals, estrogens were still
      suppressed later in pregnancy (days 95 to 116), and delivery resulted in
      stillbirths. In one of these animals the placenta was recovered, and it was half
      normal size. In the third animal, the circulating steroids, including the
      estrogens, returned to normal levels following antagonist administration, and a
      small live-born fetus was delivered. These data indicate that interference with
      GnRH activity during early pregnancy can result in stillbirths, possibly due to
      induction of placental insufficiency. Thus, these studies support the hypothesis
      that chorionic GnRH has a physiologic function during pregnancy in the control of
      placental hormonogenesis and normal fetal outcome.

PMID- 6365605
TI  - [Sealing properties of root canal obturation materials studied in vitro with
      isotopes].

PMID- 6365606
TI  - Basic dental sciences: a review of the literature (1977-1982). Part I.

PMID- 6365607
TI  - Consequences of mercury exposure in dentistry: a review of the literature.

PMID- 6365608
TI  - [Serum levels of receptor assayable insulin-like activity in various diseases].
AB  - Utilizing an acid gel chromatography and insulin radioreceptor assay (RRA), serum
      levels of receptor assayable insulin-like activities were measured under various
      conditions. Acid gel filtration of sera on a Sephadex G-50 was adopted to
      separate small molecular ILAs from binding proteins before the assay by RRA. By
      employing 125I-pork insulin as the tracer, and pork insulin as the standard, an
      RRA for insulin was developed, in which kidneys of sacrificed pregnant guinea
      pigs were used as the source of the solubilized receptor. After gel-filtration of
      the sera, pooled fractions, which grossly corresponded to those of 125I-insulin
      marker, were assayed by RRA. The subjects consisted of fifty-nine cases: normal
      control subjects (n = 19), active acromegaly (6), Sheehan's syndrome (5), liver
      cirrhosis (7), chronic renal failure (10), non-insulin dependent diabetes
      mellitus (6), overt hyperthyroidism (5) and Nelson's syndrome (1). The average
      receptor assayable ILA of the normal control subjects was 40.2 +/- 12.2 ng/ml. As
      insulin RRA has a big interassay variation, receptor assayable ILA-ratio was used
      to minimize the variation, and each data was shown as the ratio to the average
      ILA of the normal controls. By this method, sera from normal adults had a mean
      (+/- SD) receptor assayable ILA ratio of 1.00 +/- 0.28. Four out of six cases of
      acromegaly revealed significantly high concentrations, and the average receptor
      assayable ILA-ratio of acromegaly was 1.30 +/- 0.28 (mean +/- SD, p less than
      0.015). In the cases of Sheehan's syndrome, the ILA-ratio was 0.30 +/- 0.12,
      which was significantly low (p less than 0.001). Therefore, GH dependency was
      suspected from these two factors. However, the direct correlation was not
      indicated between GH and receptor assayable ILA. It was also considered that
      receptor assayable ILA was influenced not only by GH but also by some other
      factors. Furthermore, the subjects with liver cirrhosis indicated the low levels
      of receptor assayable ILA-ratio of 0.46 +/- 0.31, while the subjects with chronic
      renal failure showed the high ILA-ratio of 1.59 +/- 0.45 (p less than 0.05). No
      differences in ILA-ratio were found in the subjects with diabetes mellitus,
      hyperthyroidism and Nelson's syndrome, compared to the normal subjects.

PMID- 6365609
TI  - [Dentistry from the past. Dentistry in the context of "true and solid
      fundamentals of medicine" as defined by Louis Du Gardin, professor at the
      University of Douai, under the reign of Albert and Isabella. II].

PMID- 6365610
TI  - [Use of human fibrin glue in the dental surgery of hemophilic patients].

PMID- 6365611
TI  - [A musculo-cutaneous flap from the posterior trapezoid: an anatomical study].

PMID- 6365612
TI  - [Teaching program in dentistry: (IV) a bur case for prosthetic preparations].

PMID- 6365613
TI  - [The solution to removable partial dentures with semi-precision attachments].

PMID- 6365614
TI  - [Dentistry from the past. Dentistry in the context of "true and solid
      fundamentals of medicine" as defined by Louis Du Gardin, professor at the
      University of Douai, under the reign of Albert and Isabella].

PMID- 6365615
TI  - [The stereomicroscope in the workplace. Experiences with a new instrument].

PMID- 6365616
TI  - [With thimble and broomstick. A post crown for Hasso].

PMID- 6365617
TI  - [Form-stable cast objects with the correct choice of cooling speed].

PMID- 6365618
TI  - [Training the dental technician. Preparation to completion of a plastic partial
      denture. 13].

PMID- 6365619
TI  - [Critical considerations: chamfer shoulder attachments].

PMID- 6365620
TI  - [Accurate margins in jacket crowns].

PMID- 6365621
TI  - [Rational construction of a completely adjustable denture].

PMID- 6365622
TI  - [Pourability of a nonprecious metal and 2 low-content precious metal alloys].

PMID- 6365623
TI  - [Training the dental technician. From the wax model to the plastic partial
      denture. 14].

PMID- 6365624
TI  - [The picture of excellence. Good work but also an error in detail].

PMID- 6365625
TI  - [The Yamamoto technic new in Germany?].

PMID- 6365627
TI  - [Training the dental technician. Partial denture set-ups. 10].

PMID- 6365626
TI  - [Konus crowns of nonprecious metal with ceramic veneers].

PMID- 6365628
TI  - [Processing using the light polymerizable K+B plastic Visio Gem].

PMID- 6365629
TI  - [Accurate reproduction of the gingival margins and the papillae].

PMID- 6365630
TI  - [Bridge pontics and their technical management].

PMID- 6365631
TI  - [Alginate impressions disinfected by a high-grade peracetic acid vapor
      treatment].

PMID- 6365632
TI  - [Dental alloys for crown and bridge technics].

PMID- 6365633
TI  - [Adhesion of attachments].

PMID- 6365634
TI  - [Planning errors in attachment prostheses].

PMID- 6365636
TI  - [Experiences with ceramic attachments during casting technics].

PMID- 6365635
TI  - [Prostheses of thermoplastic materials. Jet casting with a cartridge system].

PMID- 6365637
TI  - [Training the dental technician. Bending of clasps for partial dentures. 12].

PMID- 6365638
TI  - Saga of America's first woman dental graduate.

PMID- 6365639
TI  - Japanese dentist finds successful career niche.

PMID- 6365640
TI  - [Determination of acid-cysteine-proteinase inhibitors in precancerous conditions
      (senile keratosis and Bowen's disease)].

PMID- 6365641
TI  - Overnight basal insulin requirements in insulin dependent diabetics.
AB  - Programming open loop insulin delivery systems makes necessary the knowledge of
      patients insulin needs. It is frequently postulated that insulin needs increase
      at the end of the night in relation to the rise in cortisol secretion. According
      to this hypothesis is it justified to speed up the insulin infusion rate in the
      early morning? This question was addressed by studying insulin infusion rate by
      an artificial pancreas during the night in 12 C. peptide negative insulin
      dependent diabetics. They were connected to the artificial pancreas from 8 a.m.
      to 10 a.m. the next morning while on their habitual diabetic diet and slept as
      usual from 11 p.m. to 7 a.m. approximately. From 11 p.m. to 7 a.m. mean insulin
      infusion rate was 21.5 +/- 3.3 mU/Kg/h representing 15.6 +/- 1.6% of the dose
      delivered in 24 hours. Blood glucose was stable around 85 mg/dl. No significant
      differences were observed in the hourly insulin infusion rate during the night
      period, in spite of a slight tendency to a rise (from 21.1 +/- 2.8 to 22.1 +/-
      2.6 mU/kg/h) tendency to a rise (from 21.1 +/- 2.8 to 22.1 +/- 2.6 mU/kg/h) after
      4 a.m. On the basis of these results obtained in patients sleeping as usual it
      does not appear useful to envisage a systematic acceleration of insulin infusion
      rate by continuous delivery systems in the early morning.

PMID- 6365642
TI  - Non-insulin-treated ICA positive and negative diabetics are equally insulin
      resistant.
AB  - Insulin action was assessed in 5 cytoplasmic islet cell antibody (ICA) positive
      non-diabetics, 8 ICA positive (type I) non-insulin-treated diabetics, 7 ICA
      negative insulin-treated diabetics by measurement of steady state plasma glucose
      (SSPG) levels during a combined intravenous infusion of propranolol, adrenaline,
      glucose and insulin. SPPG values of ICA positive and negative non-diabetics were
      similar and their combined value (4.0 +/- 0.5 mmol/l) was significantly lower (p
      less than 0.01 and less than 0.01) than those (11.5 +/- 1.9 and 11.3 +/- 2.2
      mmol/l) of ICA positive and negative diabetics, indicating that both groups of
      diabetics were similarly insulin resistant. Similar correlations were observed
      between SSPG and HbA1 levels when considering all ICA positive subjects (r =
      0.89, p less than 0.001) and all ICA negative subjects (r = 0.73, p less than
      0.01). Conventional insulin treatment (2.6 months) in 4 ICA positive diabetics
      improved insulin action in each case with a reduction in mean SSPG concentration
      from 14.0 +/- 2.3 to 8.5 +/- 3.4 mmol/l. Thus, ICA positive and negative
      diabetics, of equivalent degree of carbohydrate intolerance, are equally insulin
      resistant. Insulin treatment may improve, but appears not to normalise, insulin
      action in ICA positive (type I) diabetics.

PMID- 6365643
TI  - [Influence of arterial hypertension on diabetic retinopathy].
AB  - The influence of arterial hypertension on the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy
      was evaluated by a cross-sectional study in 882 diabetic patients of whom 337
      were insulin-treated and 505 were non insulin-treated. Arterial hypertension was
      defined by blood pressure values higher than 160-90 mmHg. Retinopathy was
      considered to be present when at least 2 microaneurysms were observed at the
      posterior pole. When duration of the diabetes was taken into account the
      prevalence of retinopathy in hypertensive subjects (69%) was not significantly
      higher than in normotensive subjects (47%) among the insulin-treated patients.
      However among non insulin-treated patients retinopathy was significantly more
      frequent in hypertensive (39%), than in normotensive subjects (25%; p less than
      0.05).

PMID- 6365644
TI  - Insulin release : the fuel concept.
AB  - Insulin release evoked by nutrient secretagogues invariably coincides with an
      increase in the catabolism of exogenous and/or endogenous nutrients in pancreatic
      islet cells, resulting in an increased generation rate of reducing equivalents
      and ATP, and an increase in O2 consumption. This situation was documented in
      response to a number of carbohydrates, including the anomers of D-glucose and D
      mannose, various 2-keto acids, including pyruvate and its poorly oxidized
      phenylated analog 3-phenylpyruvate, and selected amino acids, including the
      nonmetabolized analog of L-leucine 2-aminobicyclo[2, 2, 1]heptane-2-carboxylic
      acid. These convergent observations indicate that the B-cell should be considered
      as a fuel-sensor organ. Further progress in this field requires both the
      identification of those circulating nutrients used by the B-cell whether in the
      resting or stimulated state, and a better understanding of the coupling between
      the generation of second messengers (H+, NAD(P)H, ATP) and more distal events in
      the secretory sequence, such as the remodelling of ionic fluxes across the plasma
      membrane and within the pancreatic B-cell.

PMID- 6365645
TI  - Human skin grafts on athymic nude rats. An experimental model for dermatological
      research.

PMID- 6365646
TI  - Development of a diabetes-like syndrome in an athymic nude Balb/c mouse colony.

PMID- 6365647
TI  - An attempt to inoculate Mycobacterium leprae into 'rhino' mice.

PMID- 6365648
TI  - Mutants and the differentiation of the murine haematopoietic stem cell.

PMID- 6365649
TI  - Conformational changes in bacterial polysomes induced by amino acid starvation.
AB  - The effects of amino acid starvation on polysome conformation were analyzed
      comparatively in stringent (relA+) and relaxed (relA) bacteria by measuring the
      accessibility in vitro of ribosomal proteins to reductive methylation. In
      polysomes of stringent cells, the conformational state of two proteins (L13 and
      L29) appeared significantly changed by starvation. In polysomes isolated from
      relaxed mutants, the accessibility of five proteins (L5, L13, L29, L31 and L32)
      was found modified.

PMID- 6365650
TI  - A proposal: that the heterogeneity of glycoprotein N-glycans is a feature of
      their biosynthesis and may be of functional significance.

PMID- 6365651
TI  - Inhibition of sterol 14 alpha-demethylase enzymes.

PMID- 6365652
TI  - Backbone-modified analogues of small peptides: transport and antibacterial
      activity.

PMID- 6365653
TI  - Androgen and progestogen production by prepubertal rat interstitial cells: study
      of the effects of LHRH and its analogues and their interactions with LH.
AB  - The effects of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and an agonistic
      analogue (LHRHa) have been examined in freshly isolated prepubertal rat
      interstitial cells and in cells precultured for 6 days in the presence or absence
      of luteinizing hormone (LH). C19-steroid output (testosterone and
      androstenedione), C21-steroid output (mainly progesterone and 20 alpha
      hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one) and cyclic AMP secretion were used as parameters of
      interstitial cell activity. A potent 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor was added to the
      incubation media to simplify the pattern of steroid secretion. It could be
      demonstrated that LHRHa uniformly stimulates C21-steroid production whereas C19
      steroid output is increased only in freshly isolated cells and in cells
      precultured with LH. At suboptimal concentrations of LH, LHRH and its agonist
      again uniformly potentiate C21-precursor production whereas LH-induced androgen
      production is slightly inhibited in freshly isolated cells, strongly inhibited in
      cells precultured in the absence of LH and markedly enhanced in cells precultured
      in the presence of LH. The concentrations (ED50 values) of the oligopeptides
      required to elicit these synergistic or antagonistic effects with LH are lower
      than those required for their direct effects. An antagonistic LHRH analogue
      blocks all the stimulatory and inhibitory activities of LHRHa. None of these
      activities is accompanied by noticeable changes in cyclic AMP secretion. Evidence
      is presented that LHRH and its agonistic analogue have a stimulatory effect early
      in the steroidogenic pathway and an inhibitory effect at the level of the
      conversion of C21-precursors into androgens. Our data suggest that the existing
      level of 17 alpha-hydroxylase and/or 17,20-desmolase activity is the major factor
      that determines the ultimate effect of LHRHa on androgen secretion.

PMID- 6365654
TI  - Changing patterns of fibronectin, laminin, type IV collagen, and a basement
      membrane proteoglycan during rat Mullerian duct regression.
AB  - Antibodies to type IV collagen, laminin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, and
      fibronectin were used to study the regression of the rat Mullerian duct. All four
      of these matrix constituents are located at the perimeter of the Mullerian duct
      within the ductal basement membrane. As the Mullerian duct regresses, the
      staining of all of these basement membrane constituents becomes irregular and
      discontinuous. Fibronectin, which is also present in the interstitium, becomes
      undetectable in the mesenchyme which condenses around the regressing Mullerian
      duct. These data indicate that degradation of the extracellular matrix around the
      male Mullerian duct is a central event in the regression of this structure.

PMID- 6365655
TI  - Ontogenetic expression of cell adhesion molecules: L-CAM is found in epithelia
      derived from the three primary germ layers.
AB  - Immunofluorescence techniques using specific antibodies against the liver cell
      adhesion molecule, L-CAM, were used to explore the appearance of L-CAM during
      early embryogenesis and organogenesis, as well as in adult tissue. Immunoblots of
      L-CAM from embryonic and adult organs indicated that molecules detected in each
      tissue were L-CAM, and that the antibodies were not simply detecting cross
      reacting molecules. L-CAM was found in low levels on pregastrulation embryos.
      During gastrulation, the molecule remained present on ectoderm but was not
      detected on mesodermal and definitive endodermal cells. During neurulation, L-CAM
      disappeared from the neural ectoderm, in which staining for the neural cell
      adhesion molecule, N-CAM, had previously been shown to increase markedly. During
      organogenesis, L-CAM appeared in all endodermal structures, in ectoderm other
      than neural derivatives, in placodes, in extraembryonic ectoderm and endoderm,
      and in some mesodermal structures such as Wolffian ducts, oviduct, and kidney
      epithelium. Other mesodermal derivatives were not stained and the molecule was
      not detected in hemangioblastic areas of the lateral plate mesoderm nor in
      splanchnopleural derivatives such as spleen, adrenal glands, and gonads. During
      embryonic induction, for example, neurulation and in early kidney development,
      changes in L-CAM distribution were correlated with both locations and times of
      induction events. Analysis of distribution in the adult revealed that L-CAM was
      present in the stratum germinativum of the skin, in endodermally derived
      epithelia, in the female reproductive tract, and in the kidneys. In several fully
      differentiated glandular organs, L-CAM staining was restricted to basal or apical
      parts of the cell surface. When correlated with previous results obtained for N
      CAM, these findings support the idea that local cell surface modulation of a
      small number of cell adhesion molecules may regulate other primary processes of
      development to yield specific patterns, both in early development and in
      organogenesis. Reflections of these patterns remain in adult life.

PMID- 6365656
TI  - The effect of insulin on intracellular ph and ribosomal protein S6
      phosphorylation in oocytes of Xenopus laevis.
AB  - Both insulin and progesterone are capable of stimulating germinal vesicle
      breakdown (GVBD) of large, Stage VI oocytes of Xenopus laevis. Numerous studies
      have shown an increase in intracellular pH (pHi) and ribosomal protein S6
      phosphorylation prior to GVBD in oocytes treated with progesterone. In this study
      the effect of insulin and progesterone on pHi and S6 phosphorylation was
      compared. Both hormones increased pHi and S6 phosphorylation to similar levels
      and the time course of pHi change was the same for both hormones. Half-maximal
      effects of insulin were observed at 7 X 10(-8) M concentrations. In the presence
      of 1 nM cholera toxin, the ability of progesterone to induce these two responses
      was inhibited while the action of insulin was unaffected. However, GVBD induced
      by either hormone was blocked by cholera toxin. In small, Stage IV oocytes that
      do not undergo GVBD in response to either progesterone or insulin, a partial
      increase in pHi without S6 phosphorylation occurred in response to progesterone
      but both events occurred in response to insulin. These results suggest that the
      inability of Stage IV oocytes to undergo GVBD in response to hormone is not due
      to a failure to increase pHi or phosphorylate S6. The results in this paper also
      indicate that these events are regulated differently by insulin and progesterone
      in Xenopus oocytes.

PMID- 6365657
TI  - The effects of an alpha-glucoside hydrolase inhibitor on glycemia and the
      absorption of sucrose in man determined using a tracer method.
AB  - Acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, lowers the glycemic excursion following
      the ingestion of carbohydrates, in particular, sucrose. This was confirmed with
      increasing doses of acarbose (0, 50, and 100 mg) and the causes investigated. The
      absorption of the glucose moiety of sucrose was determined from plasma tracer
      concentrations when overnight-fasted normal subjects received a 100-g oral
      sucrose load labeled with sucrose [(1-14C]glucose and a simultaneous intravenous
      infusion of [3-3H]glucose. As the dose of acarbose given with the sucrose load
      was increased from 0 to 100 mg, the percentage of the load appearing in the
      peripheral circulation decreased from 90% to 62%. Malabsorption was confirmed by
      the appearance of breath hydrogen. Simultaneously, absorption time increased from
      243 to 411 min. Maximal glycemic excursions were therefore lowered from 64 to 31
      mg/dl. The plasma concentrations of gastric inhibitory polypeptide and insulin
      decreased with the acarbose dose so that the fractional disappearance rate of
      glucose also decreased. However, the concentrations of glucagon-like
      immunoreactivity (GLI) rose, confirming the ileal appearance of malabsorbed
      sucrose.

PMID- 6365658
TI  - Islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies in Macaca nigra.
AB  - Islet cell antibodies (ICA) have been measured in mature Macaca nigra. Of 30
      nondiabetic monkeys, 26 (87%) were ICA-negative; of 43 monkeys with evidence of
      mild to severe hormonal or glycemic abnormalities, 39 (91%) were ICA-positive.
      Pancreatic islets were examined from biopsy and autopsy sections to assess cell
      deterioration and amyloid infiltration. No ICA were found in 13 of 18 (72%)
      monkeys with no evidence of amyloid, whereas 30 of 35 (86%) monkeys with islet
      amyloid and concurrent cell deterioration were ICA-positive. Association of ICA
      with metabolic and islet abnormalities was significant at P less than or equal to
      0.001. ICA were specific for the islet cells in pancreatic sections; plasma
      preincubated with insulin, glucagon, or acetone extracts of tissues retained
      their ICA-positive reaction. The relationships of ICA in older monkeys to the
      islet lesion and to metabolic abnormalities could be relevant to similar
      situations in aging diabetic persons.

PMID- 6365659
TI  - A prospective analysis of islet-cell cytotoxic antibodies in insulin-dependent
      diabetic children. Transient effects of plasmapheresis.
AB  - We determined the effects of plasmapheresis on cytotoxic antibodies to islet
      cells in 10 children (aged 11-16 yr) with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus (IDDM), as well as the plasma levels of antibodies over the
      next 30 mo and their relation to serum C-peptide concentrations. Complement
      dependent, antibody-mediated cytotoxicity (C'AMC) in plasma was measured in a
      51Cr release assay using monolayers of the rat islet cell line RINm5F. Cytotoxic
      antibodies decreased in most IDDM subjects treated by plasmapheresis four times
      within 2 wk of diagnosis; however, the decreases were small and lasted less than
      2-3 days. Thus, both before and after plasmapheresis, 7 of the 10 IDDM children
      were C'AMC-positive (51Cr release greater than 2 SD above mean for 13 healthy
      children). After 18-30 mo, only 2 of the original 7 IDDM children with C'AMC
      positive plasmas were still positive, and 1 of the original 3 IDDM children
      without significant cytotoxicity had become positive. Meal-stimulated serum C
      peptide responses, measured from diagnosis to 18-30 mo later, did not correlate
      with C'AMC values. We conclude that (1) plasmapheresis has only transient effects
      on islet-cytotoxic antibody levels in children with IDDM; (2) these antibodies
      decrease in most, but not all, subjects over the first 18 mo after diagnosis; and
      (3) the level of cytotoxic antibodies in IDDM plasma at diagnosis has no
      predictive effect on residual B-cell function.

PMID- 6365660
TI  - Failure of a midnocturnal insulin infusion to suppress the increased insulin need
      for breakfast in insulin-dependent diabetic patients.
AB  - Insulin requirements for meals were measured in eight insulin-dependent diabetic
      patients, using a closed-loop insulin infusion system. Patients required more
      insulin for breakfast than for an isocaloric lunch (35.7 +/- 5.5 mU/kcal/3 h
      versus 26.9 +/- 5.1 mU/kcal/3 h, P less than 0.02) or an isocaloric supper (35.7
      +/- 5.5 mU/kcal/3 h versus 26.6 +/- 6.6 mU/kcal/3 h, P = 0.05). To determine
      whether this insulin resistance at breakfast might be due to low basal insulin
      levels overnight, the insulin needs for breakfast were compared after an
      overnight fast (day 1) and after a midnocturnal (0200 h-0500 h) insulin infusion
      (day 2). Breakfast insulin requirements were similar on both days (35.7 +/- 5.5
      mU/kcal/3 h versus 37.7 +/- 5.1 mU/kcal/3 h, P = NS). Whereas nonobese diabetic
      patients required approximately 60% more insulin for breakfast than for other
      meals, obese diabetic patients in this study did not demonstrate insulin
      resistance at breakfast. These findings provide a basis for the common clinical
      practice of allocating more insulin for breakfast than for other meals. The
      absence of an increased insulin need at breakfast in our obese patients cautions
      against a similar algorithm for obese diabetic patients. We postulate that growth
      hormone may be a cause for morning insulin resistance.

PMID- 6365661
TI  - Elevated pancreatic glucagon in obesity.
AB  - Because of conflicting reports on plasma levels of total immunoreactive glucagon
      (IRG) in obesity, we investigated, by gel filtration, the individual IRG
      fractions in grossly obese patients (N = 16; BMI 40 +/- 2) as compared with
      normal weight subjects (N = 18). Mean total IRG was 142 +/- 12 pg/ml in normal
      subjects and 190 +/- 15 pg/ml (P less than 0.02) in obese subjects. IRG3500 was
      16 +/- 2 pg/ml in normal subjects and 34 +/- 5 pg/ml (P less than 0.005) in the
      obese subjects. Obese patients with normal glucose tolerance demonstrated 30 +/-
      5 pg/ml IRG3500 (N = 11; P less than 0.01) as compared with those who were obese
      with impaired glucose tolerance (42 +/- 12 pg/ml, N = 5; P less than 0.0025),
      although the total IRG of the latter group (173 +/- 31 pg/ml) was not different
      from that of normal subjects. IRG90000 was of comparable magnitude in the entire
      groups of obese and normal subjects. A wide variability of big plasma glucagon
      levels was found in all three groups, mean levels not being significantly
      different. These data suggest that plasma IRG3500 levels are elevated in grossly
      obese patients, particularly in those patients with impaired glucose tolerance, a
      finding that may be masked by mere measurements of total plasma IRG.

PMID- 6365662
TI  - Effects of epicatechin on rat islets of Langerhans.
AB  - Plants containing epicatechin (a flavonoid) have been used to treat diabetes
      mellitus in Indian medicine. The present study reports effects of this compound
      on isolated islets of Langerhans. The flavonoid (1 mM) was found to increase
      insulin secretion from isolated rat islets of Langerhans in the presence of
      either 2 or 20 mM glucose, in static incubations, or in perifusion. The increase
      in insulin secretion mediated by epicatechin was both ATP- and temperature
      dependent. Ultrastructural studies showed no deleterious changes in the structure
      of the B-cells after 5 days of exposure to the compound. Intraperitoneal
      injection of 30 mg/kg body wt of epicatechin twice daily for 4 days increased the
      islet insulin content by 30%. Secretion of insulin from islets isolated from
      epicatechin-injected rats was significantly increased when exposed to 20 mM
      glucose in comparison with water-injected controls. Furthermore, islets of adult
      rats cultured with 5.5 mM glucose for 4 days showed a significant increase in DNA
      synthesis in the presence of 0.05 mM epicatechin. These results suggest direct
      effects of epicatechin on various aspects of islet function.

PMID- 6365663
TI  - Sequence of a cDNA encoding Syrian hamster preproinsulin.
AB  - A complementary DNA (cDNA) library was prepared from messenger RNA (mRNA)
      isolated from Syrian hamster islets. Bacterial colonies containing hamster
      preproinsulin cDNA were identified by cross-hybridization with the human
      preproinsulin gene. The sequences of two of these established the complete
      sequence of Syrian hamster preproinsulin mRNA and predicted the sequence of the
      protein. Hamster preproinsulin is 110 amino acids and possesses 90.0% and 82.7%
      identity with the corresponding proteins of rats (either I or II) and human
      beings, respectively. Analysis of the hybridization of hamster preproinsulin cDNA
      to restriction endonuclease digests of hamster DNA suggests that there is only a
      single preproinsulin gene in this rodent, in contrast to rats and mice, which
      possess two nonallelic genes.

PMID- 6365664
TI  - Characterization of the serum from a patient with insulin resistance and
      hypoglycemia. Evidence for multiple populations of insulin receptor antibodies
      with different receptor binding and insulin-mimicking activities.
AB  - The serum from a patient with lupus nephritis, insulin resistance, and
      hypoglycemia was studied. This serum both inhibits the binding of 125I-insulin to
      its receptor and has insulin-like activity on fat cells (see refs. 1 and 2). The
      IgG fraction from this patient's serum one-half maximally inhibited 125I-insulin
      binding to IM-9 cells at 1 microM, but did not markedly inhibit 125I-monoclonal
      antibody binding even at concentrations as high as 4 microM. The IgG was then
      subjected to affinity chromatography on a protein A-Sepharose column. Four
      protein peaks were eluted from this column by a step pH gradient from 5.5 to 2.3.
      Three of the four peaks inhibited 125I-insulin binding to its receptors, but none
      was more potent than the unfractionated IgG itself. One IgG peak, however, was
      able to inhibit 125I-monoclonal antibody binding at tenfold lower concentrations
      than the unfractionated IgG. When the ability of the four IgG fractions to
      stimulate 2-deoxy[3H]-D-glucose transport in rat adipocytes was studied, two
      fractions showed stimulatory activity. Compared with unfractionated IgG, one had
      a weak ability to inhibit 125I-insulin binding, but tenfold more potency to mimic
      insulin action. The other had a strong ability to inhibit 125I-insulin binding
      but less potency to mimic insulin action. These studies indicate, therefore, that
      the serum contains multiple populations of antibodies to the insulin receptor, or
      portions of the plasma membrane adjacent to the receptor, which have different
      biologic effects.

PMID- 6365665
TI  - Rare combination of spinal lesions and spina bifida occulta: case report.
AB  - An infant presented with spina bifida occulta and a rare combination of spinal
      lesions, consisting of fibrous band with skin tag, lipoma, congenital dermal
      sinus and arachnoid cyst. The literature concerning the arachnoid cyst in occult
      spinal dysraphism is reviewed and the embryogenesis of these lesions is
      discussed.

PMID- 6365666
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of bile salt-induced liposomal membrane damage.
AB  - The damage of phosphatidylcholine membranes by bile salts such as cholate,
      deoxycholate (DC), chenodeoxycholate (CDC), ursodeoxycholate (UDC), as well as
      their glyco- and tauroconjugates, and lithocholate (LC) were studied. The
      permeabilities of liposomes differing in size (700 and 1,700 A in diameter) were
      determined at increasing bile salt concentrations. The release of entrapped
      raffinose (3H) (MW: 594) or inulin (3H) (MW: 5,000) was measured by pelleting of
      the liposomes and subsequent determination of the radioactivities in the
      supernatant. The release of these uncharged volume markers of different size
      points to a formation of membrane leaks increasing in size with increasing bile
      salt concentration. Determination of the membrane damaging threshold
      concentrations of bile salts demonstrated a higher stability of the smaller
      liposomes. Incubation of the smaller liposomes with increasing DC concentrations
      results in a successive substitution of lecithin by DC. The predominantly DC
      containing vesicles are of remarkable stability against higher DC concentrations.
      The damaging properties of bile salts increase with decreasing number of hydroxy
      groups, with the exception of UDC and its conjugates which are much less membrane
      toxic than the other dihydroxy bile salts. Conjugation with glycine or taurine
      slightly enhances the membrane toxicity of bile salts with the exception of UDC.
      Sulfation of the 3-alpha-hydroxy group of LC reduces the damaging effect to about
      10%.

PMID- 6365667
TI  - Expression of epithelial antigens in primary cultures of normal human breast
      analysed with monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Primary cultures of normal human breast were stained with monoclonal antibodies
      to see if antigens characteristic of luminal epithelial cells are retained in
      culture. Three monoclonal antibodies were used, LICR-LON-M8, LICR-LON-M18, and
      LICR-LON-M24, all specific for the cell surface of luminal epithelial as opposed
      to myoepithelial or stromal cells in the breast, and each staining a different
      subset of the epithelial cells in the intact tissue. Cultures were prepared from
      reduction mammoplasty samples by digestion with collagenase. The surface layer of
      cells was stained by immunofluorescence without fixation. (Cells underneath the
      surface layer were not accessible to this mode of staining). The antibodies
      stained patches of cells resembling flattened epithelium. These patches of cells
      cannot be distinguished by phase contrast microscopy without reference to the
      staining, in fact the boundaries of the cells are not usually resolved by phase
      contrast microscopy. Electron microscopy of sections through these cells show
      they are very flattened. They lie on top of the polygonal and elongated cells
      that dominate the phase contrast image. Two of the antibodies, M8 and M24, stain
      subsets of these epithelial-like cells at all stages of culture. The third
      antibody, M18, stains such cells initially, but after the first few days staining
      is predominantly found on the polygonal and elongated cells, then this also
      gradually disappears. It is possible that the cells stained by antibody M18 are
      converting from the epithelial-like morphology to the cuboidal and elongated
      morphology. Many cells are not stained by any of the antibodies, so appear either
      to by myoepithelial in origin or to have lost their luminal epithelial surface
      antigens at an early stage. This analysis draws attention to the variety of cell
      types in these cultures and the limitations of phase contrast microscopy as a
      means of analysing them.

PMID- 6365668
TI  - [Immunologic aspects of heart diseases. Diagnostic and pathogenetic
      implications].

PMID- 6365669
TI  - [Third centenary of the birth of Giovanni Battista Morgagni (1682-1982): is there
      still need for the autopsy?].

PMID- 6365670
TI  - [Computer-guided cardiological examination and data management with a
      microcomputer].
AB  - A computer program is presented apt to be run on a personal computer. The program
      allows a computer-guided cardiological examination of standard quality, permits a
      rapid recall of patients data and makes it possible to obtain statistical
      analyses.

PMID- 6365671
TI  - [Value and limitations of the indices of left ventricular function obtained with
      mono- and bi-dimensional echocardiography].

PMID- 6365672
TI  - [Medicine of the 1800's and occupational medicine: the socio-scientific work of
      Luigi Devoto in Pavia].

PMID- 6365673
TI  - [Analysis of decisions in medicine: basis for the organization of a
      gastroenterology service].

PMID- 6365675
TI  - Effect of insulin on the transformation of BALB/3T3 cells by X-ray irradiation.
AB  - The effects of triiodothyronine (T3), hydrocortisone, and insulin on X-ray
      induced transformation of BALB/3T3 A31-1-1 cloned cells were examined. Under the
      experimental conditions employed, the addition of 10(-7) M T3 or hydrocortisone
      to the serum-containing medium had little effect on the transformation. In
      contrast, the addition of insulin dramatically enhanced the transformation. The
      effect of insulin was concentration-dependent up to 10 micrograms/ml and was
      consistently observed with X-rays at various doses.

PMID- 6365674
TI  - Mechanism of inhibition of DNA polymerases by 4'-epiadriamycin and 4'-O
      tetrahydropyranyladriamycin.
AB  - 4'-Epiadriamycin and 4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP-adriamycin),
      derivatives of adriamycin, strongly inhibited in vitro reactions of DNA
      polymerases alpha and beta from calf thymus by competing with activated DNA
      (template-primer). Preincubation of DNA polymerases with 4'-epiadriamycin or THP
      adriamycin strongly inhibited the DNA polymerase, but the inhibition was reversed
      by adding excess amounts of template-primer. These results indicate that 4'
      epiadriamycin and THP-adriamycin inhibit the in vitro reactions of DNA
      polymerases by direct interaction of the drugs with the enzymes as well as by
      impairing the template activity through intercalation into DNA, in agreement with
      results obtained for other anthracycline antitumor agents, daunomycin and
      adriamycin. The activity of DNA polymerase alpha may be more sensitive to both 4'
      epiadriamycin (Ki, 9 microM) and THP-adriamycin (Ki, 5.5 microM) than that of DNA
      polymerase beta (Ki 30 microM for 4'-epiadriamycin and 22 microM for THP
      adriamycin). DNA polymerase I from Escherichia coli was inhibited by these drugs
      in the same manner as DNA polymerase alpha. On the other hand, the inhibition of
      RNA polymerase from E. coli was more marked when the drug was preincubated with
      template DNA than with the enzyme.

PMID- 6365676
TI  - [Solubilization and precipitation of biliary cholesterol. Mechanisms of
      dissolution of cholesterol calculi].

PMID- 6365677
TI  - [Colonic dilatation due to Salmonella enteritidis colitis. Treatment by
      endoscopic aspiration].

PMID- 6365679
TI  - Computer based assistance for medical decision making.

PMID- 6365678
TI  - [Locoregional and systemic chemotherapy in the treatment of secondary cancers of
      the liver].

PMID- 6365680
TI  - [Lasers in gastroenterology].

PMID- 6365681
TI  - [Hydrogen breath tests].

PMID- 6365683
TI  - Water drinking and the effect of angiotensin and renin in a dasyurid marsupial
      (Antechinus stuartii).
AB  - Marsupial mice, Antechinus stuartii, were given intraperitoneal (ip) injections
      of 1-30 micrograms of Val5-angiotensin II amide to determine whether it had any
      effect on thirst. Drinking in the first hour after injection and measured water
      intake over 2 and 24 hr were not substantially increased compared with controls.
      Intraperitoneal injection of sheep renin had no effect on water intake. Water
      deprivation increased 2- and 24-hr water intake. Sheep renin and Val5-angiotensin
      II amide elicited pressor responses after ip injection. By comparison, rats given
      100 micrograms of Val5-angiotensin II amide ip increased water intake in the
      first 2 hr after injection compared with saline-injected and noninjected
      controls. The results suggest that the thirst mechanism in Antechinus is
      insensitive to exogenous and to low levels of endogenous circulating angiotensin
      II. The explanation of this difference from other mammals may be found in
      evidence that the thirst mechanism in species which do not normally drink water
      in nature is relatively insensitive to exogenous angiotensin.

PMID- 6365682
TI  - Scintigraphic determination of small intestinal transit time: comparison with the
      hydrogen breath technique.
AB  - The hydrogen breath test was used as a standard against which a scintigraphic
      method for determination of small intestinal transit time was evaluated and
      compared. A total of 19 male volunteers ranging in age from 23 to 28 yr
      participated in the study. The subjects ingested an isosmotic lactulose solution
      containing 99mtechnetium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Sn) and then
      remained supine under a large field of view gamma-camera that interfaced with a
      computer system. Data were visually analyzed and then quantified to determine
      gastric emptying and small intestinal transit time. The small intestinal transit
      time ranged from 31 to 139 min with the scintigraphic method and 30 to 190 min
      with the hydrogen breath test (r = 0.77). The mean small intestinal transit time
      for 20 individual determinations with the scintigraphic method, 73.0 +/- 6.5 min
      (mean +/- SEM), was similar to the results from the hydrogen breath test
      technique, 75.1 +/- 8.3 min. Thirteen volunteers underwent two studies with the
      scintigraphic method separated by intervals ranging from 2 days to 8 wk.
      Individual variations in small intestinal transit time were significantly
      correlated with individual variations in gastric emptying (p less than 0.05). We
      conclude that the scintigraphic method allows accurate determination of
      gastrocecal time and is a noninvasive technique which may be a useful clinical
      test for small intestinal transit time as well as for providing information on
      the pathophysiology and pharmacology of intestinal motility.

PMID- 6365684
TI  - Effects of hypophyseal, placental, hypophysiotropic, and steroid hormones on
      ovipositor elongation and ovulation in the rose bitterling, Rhodeus ocellatus
      ocellatus.
AB  - Effects of various hypophyseal, placental, hypophysiotropic, and steroid hormones
      on ovipositor elongation and ovulation were investigated using the mature female
      rose bitterling, Rhodeus ocellatus ocellatus. Mammalian LH and HCG were effective
      at high doses whereas mammalian prolactin, FSH, ACTH, TSH, and neurohypophyseal
      hormones were ineffective. Synthetic LH-RH had some effects at very high doses.
      Fish pituitary extracts were much more potent than mammalian gonadotropins and a
      dose-response curve of elongation was obtained. This suggests that the ovipositor
      test is a good bioassay for fish gonadotropin. Some C21-steroids, especially 17
      alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and 17 alpha-hydroxy-20 beta-dihydroprogesterone, also
      had prominent effects on ovipositor elongation, indicating the effects of
      gonadotropins may be via some C21-steroids. Hypophysectomy did not affect the
      sensitivity to gonadotropin but somewhat reduced the response to steroid. The
      relationship between the activity of steroids and their structure is discussed.

PMID- 6365685
TI  - Seasonal changes in the metabolic clearance rate of cortisol in the adult male
      sand rat (Psammomys obesus).
AB  - Metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of cortisol was measured in the adult male sand
      rat (Psammomys obesus) trapped live throughout the year in the region of Beni
      Abbes in the Algerian Sahara Desert. Cortisol MCR exhibited marked annual
      variations which paralleled those of plasma concentrations of cortisol: it was
      highest in autumn, decreased in winter, rose again in early March, and was
      minimal in April and June. These data, taken together with previous results,
      suggest that the production rate of cortisol in the sand rat is lower in early
      summer than in autumn.

PMID- 6365686
TI  - Release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone from the Japanese quail hypothalamus in
      vitro.
AB  - The regulation of GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) secretion in Japanese
      quail was studied by maintaining excised hypothalamic slices containing the
      median eminence region in a continuous flow superfusion system. GnRH released
      into the superfusate was measured by radioimmunoassay using an antibody generated
      against synthetic GnRH. GnRH secretion increased in a dose-response manner when
      hypothalamic slices from female quail were exposed to superfusion medium
      containing elevated potassium ion concentrations. The potassium-induced GnRH
      release was found to be calcium dependent. GnRH was also increased when either 1
      X 10(-6) M norepinephrine, epinephrine, or 1 X 10(-5) M of the beta-adrenergic
      agonist, isoproterenol was added to the superfusion medium. GnRH secretion from
      hypothalami of castrate and intact male quail was measured on Days 1, 10, and 21
      of photostimulation and was elevated on Day 21. No differences were observed
      between the castrate and intact groups. It is concluded that GnRH is released
      from the quail hypothalamus in a manner analogous to mammals and that is release
      is subject to adrenergic stimulation.

PMID- 6365687
TI  - Enhanced gene conversion and postmeiotic segregation in pachytene-arrested
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Previous study has demonstrated that incubation of yeast cells of strain AP-1 in
      sporulation medium at 36 degrees permits them to begin meiosis but that they
      become arrested at pachytene and undergo enhanced intragenic recombination
      between ade2 heteroalleles. Tetrad analysis was undertaken to characterize the
      altered program of meiotic recombination more widely. In one set of experiments,
      pachytene-arrested cells were permitted to resume sporulation upon transfer to
      the permissive temperature. In the resulting asci, both postmeiotic segregation
      and gene conversion were increased several-fold at a number of loci relative to
      unarrested controls, whereas reciprocal recombination increased two- to
      threefold. Another set of experiments analyzed the genetic consequences of
      inducing the pachytene-arrested cells to revert directly to mitotic growth
      without completion of meiosis. The appearance of homozygous sectors from
      heterozygous markers revealed that these cells had become committed to
      appreciable recombination but that reciprocal exchange was less frequent than in
      normal asci. Taken together, the data indicate that pachytene arrest rendered the
      cells committed to enhanced recombination upon resumption of sporulation but that
      most of the crossing over did not occur until release from the arrest.--The
      genetic basis of pachytene arrest by AP-1 was investigated by mating each of its
      parents with progeny of strain Y55, which is able to sporulate at 36 degrees.
      Both of these diploids sporulated at 36 degrees, and asci from the one studied
      further exhibited 2:2 segregation of the sporulation defect, indicating that
      pachytene arrest is dependent on a recessive, temperature-sensitive allele at a
      chromosomal locus.

PMID- 6365688
TI  - Healing of broken linear dicentric chromosomes in yeast.
AB  - In yeast, meiotic recombination between a linear chromosome III and a haploid
      viable circular chromosome will yield a dicentric, tandemly duplicated
      chromosome. Spores containing apparently intact dicentric chromosomes were
      recovered from tetrads with three viable spores. The spore containing the
      dicentric inherited URA3 (part of the recombinant DNA used to join regions near
      the ends of the chromosome into a circle) as well as HML, HMR and MAL2 (located
      near the two ends of a linear but deleted from the circle). The Ura+ Mal+
      colonies were highly variegated, giving rise to as many as seven distinctly
      different stable ("healed") derivatives, some of which were Ura+ Mal+, others
      Ura+ Mal- and others Ura- Mal+. The colonies were also sectored for five markers
      (HIS4, LEU2, CRY1, MAT and THR4) initially heterozygous in the tandemly
      duplicated dicentric chromosome.--Southern blot and genetic analyses have
      demonstrated that these stable derivatives arose from mitotic breakage have
      demonstrated that these stable derivatives arose from mitotic breakage of the
      dicentric chromosome, followed by one of several different healing events. The
      majority of the stable derivatives contained circular or linear chromosomes
      apparently resulting from homologous recombination between a broken chromosome
      end and a homologous region on the other end of the original dicentric duplicated
      chromosome. A smaller proportion of events resulted in apparently uniquely healed
      linear chromosomes in which the broken chromosome acquired a new telomere. In two
      instances we recovered chromosome III partially duplicated with a novel right
      end. We have also found one derivative that had also experienced rearrangement of
      repeated DNA sequences found adjacent to yeast telomeres.

PMID- 6365689
TI  - [Occupational hygiene and disease characteristics of workers in industrial
      poultry farming (review of the literature)].

PMID- 6365690
TI  - [Computer diagnosis of occupational diseases in electric welders].

PMID- 6365691
TI  - [Dynamics of immunoreactive insulin and somatotropin secretion in occupational
      exposure to hazards of a chemical nature].

PMID- 6365692
TI  - [History of occupational pathology and industrial hygiene].

PMID- 6365693
TI  - [Asclepius and Themis].

PMID- 6365694
TI  - [Chemotherapy of immature ovarian teratomas].

PMID- 6365695
TI  - [Simultaneous operations in radiation-induced vesicovaginal and rectovaginal
      fistulas].

PMID- 6365696
TI  - Methods of augmenting an atrophic mandibular ridge prior to fabricating of a
      complete denture prosthesis.

PMID- 6365697
TI  - Growth and development of heather voles.
AB  - Data on growth and development are presented for eight litters of captive-born
      Phenacomys intermedius. Neonates from litters of four averaged 2.26 g at birth,
      significantly heavier than neonates from litters of five (1.96 g). Weights on day
      one showed a statistically significant decrease of 0.20 g per increase in litter
      size of one neonate. In general, large litters had lower growth rates. Growth of
      Phenacomys intermedius can be described by the equation Y = 1.17 + 0.62 X and the
      geometric growth constant is K = 0.079. Pinnae unfolded at 3.7 days, lower
      incisors erupted at 7.0 days, and eyes opened at 14.6 days. Data on growth and
      development are compared to other species of Phenacomys and to other microtines.

PMID- 6365698
TI  - Aim of surgical treatment of Crohn's disease.

PMID- 6365699
TI  - Influence of the vagus nerve upon the reflex control of the lower oesophageal
      sphincter.
AB  - In 24 control patients the lower oesophageal sphincter responded to graded
      increments in intra-abdominal pressure by a significant and sustained rise in
      tone. This response was abolished by atropine and was also absent in nine of 11
      patients who had previously undergone truncal vagotomy for duodenal ulcer but not
      in the remaining two who had recurrent ulceration. In six patients studied after
      proximal gastric vagotomy a variable response was seen. Gastric efferent vagal
      function was assessed by a combined insulin/pentagastrin gastric secretory test
      and did not correlate closely with the lower oesophageal sphincteric response to
      increased intra-gastric pressure. These findings are explicable if it is assumed
      that truncal vagotomy interrupts the afferent limb of a reflex arc regulating
      lower oesophageal sphincteric tone.

PMID- 6365700
TI  - The irritable bowel.

PMID- 6365701
TI  - Fibrinolytic activity after administration of diflunisal and aspirin. A double
      blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
AB  - A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted to
      determine whether fibrinolysis was increased by the chronic administration of
      aspirin or diflunisal. Healthy male and female volunteers were randomized to
      receive either aspirin (1,300 mg every 12 h; 10 subjects), diflunisal (1,000 mg
      initially, then 500 mg every 12 h; 10 subjects), or placebo (10 subjects) for 8
      days. Fibrinolytic activity was examined with the clot lysis assay, using native
      whole blood, platelet-rich plasma, and platelet-poor plasma, and with the kaolin
      activated euglobulin lysis test. In addition, measurements were made of
      fibrinogen, fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products, plasminogen, and the thrombin
      time. Clot lysis was greater in whole blood and platelet-rich plasma than in
      platelet-poor plasma, and increased lysis was observed in specimens obtained in
      the afternoon as compared to those obtained in the morning. Fibrinolytic activity
      in the afternoon samples was significantly enhanced by both aspirin and
      diflunisal at the start of the trial (p less than 0.05), but by the afternoon of
      day 8, only aspirin showed some enhancement. Fibrinolytic activity, as measured
      by the euglobulin lysis time, actually declined in all study groups during the
      course of drug administration. No significant changes were recorded in any of the
      other assayed hemostatic parameters. We conclude that aspirin and diflunisal
      exert a modest, nonsustained enhancing effect on fibrinolysis in normal subjects.

PMID- 6365702
TI  - In memoriam of Wladyslaw Bartoszewicz.

PMID- 6365703
TI  - Stability of the hybrid plasmid pIM138 and its curing by some eliminating agents.
AB  - Hybrid plasmid pIM138 was constructed by insertion of a chromosomal fragment with
      the threonine operon from Escherichia coli into the pBR322 vector. Molar mass of
      pIM138 was 2.8 Mg/mol. Heteroduplexes between pBR322 vector and pIM138 hybrid DNA
      molecules were prepared. The hybrid plasmid shows a high stability against the
      curing effect of rifampicin and clorobiocin in E. coli SK1590 thr host.

PMID- 6365704
TI  - Effects of storage temperature, light and time on stability of triple sugar iron
      agar and its productivity for Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - Laboratory evaluation showed a similarity between prepared ready-for-use triple
      sugar iron agar (TSI) medium and the Oxoid form with reference to the enumeration
      of five test organisms related to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Storage of the
      prepared ready-for-use TSI medium at 20-22 degrees C should not exceed 6 months.
      Lowering the storage temperature to 10 degrees C raised the period of storage to
      two years. Combination of darkness and low temperature (10 to 20 degrees C)
      represents the best conditions for storage of the TSI medium in laboratories.
      Dark colour ampoules can extend the expiration date of the product.

PMID- 6365706
TI  - Ames mutagenicity tests of products from a heated potato-starch system.
AB  - A charred sample was prepared from potato starch heated with ammonium carbonate
      at 600 degrees C in a flask under a nitrogen stream. The water produced was
      collected and extracted with methylene chloride. The basic fraction obtained from
      the extract exhibited strong mutagenicity in Ames assays using Salmonella
      typhimurium strains TA98 or TA100 with metabolic activation (rat-liver S-9 mix).
      The basic fraction was further fractionated by silica gel column chromatography
      and subsequently by Sephadex column chromatography. Some of the resulting
      fractions exhibited strong mutagenic activities in S. typhimurium strain TA98
      with S-9 mix.

PMID- 6365705
TI  - Adherence of group B streptococci isolated from man and cattle to human and
      bovine epithelial cells.
AB  - Proof of adherence of group B streptococci (GBS) to human and bovine vaginal
      epithelial cells and to bovine cells of milk cisternae of the mammary gland was
      employed as a criterion determining the possibility of colonization of these
      organs with GBS, or as another method of testing the transfer of GBS between man
      and cattle. GBS of both human and animal origin adhered to human epithelial cells
      in a similar way. On the other hand, a significantly stronger adherence of bovine
      GBS to vaginal epithelial cells and cells of milk cisternae of cattle was found
      than of human GBS. Thus the direction of colonization - animal is more probable
      than the opposite way. Neither in animal nor in human strains a correlation
      between the equipment of strains with type antigens and intensity of adherence
      could be found.

PMID- 6365707
TI  - [Physical comparison and scanning electron microscopy study of the adhesion of
      various metal brackets].

PMID- 6365708
TI  - [The Crystal Bond System - an improvement in direct bracket fixation?].

PMID- 6365709
TI  - [Treatment of coronary disease with elantan. Results of a multicenter study].
AB  - 10,229 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) took part in a multicenter
      study to verify the efficacy and tolerance of a 14 days lasting therapy with
      elantan under practical conditions. The majority of patients with an average age
      of 59 +/- 10 years (58.8% men, 40.3% women) had suffered about four years on CHD
      and had already been treated with coronary efficient drugs. The 14-day therapy
      with elantan 20 in a dosage of 3 X 1 tabl./day showed a cure rate of 79.9% in
      patients who had already been treated, a complete remission of the angina
      pectoris attacks being achieved in 50% and a reduction of the frequency of the
      attacks in a further 29.9%. The reduced frequency of the attacks was associated
      with a reduced consumption of acute nitrates (nitroglycerine capsules). With the
      smaller group of patients who were being treated for angina pectoris for the
      first time, the therapy with elantan was characterized by a cure rate of 91%.

PMID- 6365710
TI  - [Integrated treatment of children with chronic renal insufficiency].
AB  - Early diagnosis of chronic renal failure in childhood is difficult, since the
      course of CRF shows in children with congenital renal diseases unspecific
      symptoms. The active cooperation of the practical pediatrician with a pediatric
      nephrologist enables this team for prevention of complications of chronic uremia.
      The integration of treatment between general pediatrician and specialist also
      prevents long hospitalisation and makes the prevention of the child for the best
      mode of treatment possible, i.g. ambulant hospital dialysis, home dialysis or
      CAPD. Pediatric dialysis should be performed in one of the established 14
      pediatric dialysis centres in our country, because psychological, somatic and
      technical problems in children differ from those in adults. In dialysed children
      the general pediatrician should be further involved in treatment and may
      contribute worthy help in medical (control of drug compliance, hypertension) and
      psychosocial (school, employment) care of the chronic sick children. Even after
      successful renal transplantation the local pediatrician should continue to be
      involved in patient care, in spite of more frequent check up controls at
      hospital.

PMID- 6365711
TI  - [Antegrade fine needle pyelography of transplanted kidneys].
AB  - In a poorly functioning renal transplant ureteral obstruction or perforation must
      be considered as a cause. Sonography and radionuclide scanning may demonstrate
      outflow obstruction and/or pararenal fluid collection, but do not usually provide
      sufficient information on the site of the lesion. In these cases we have
      successfully used fine needle puncture of the renal pelvis under continuous
      sonographic guidance and antegrade pyelography. Successful puncture was always
      possible and exact details of the renal pelvis and ureter were provided after
      contrast injection. No complications were seen after fine needle puncture.
      Sonographic guidance is ideal in respect to practicability and cost effectiveness
      if compared to computed tomography scanning. The technique has proven to be
      simple and safe to perform. It provides a quick and valuable diagnosis and
      superior anatomical details for reconstructive surgery.

PMID- 6365712
TI  - [Frequency of administration of nonsteroidal antirheumatic agents with a long
      biological half-life. A clinical trial with piroxicam].

PMID- 6365713
TI  - [Dr. Eduard Cmunt, the first Slavic balneologist in Piestany].

PMID- 6365714
TI  - Effect of single dose of omeprazole on the gastrointestinal peptide response to
      food.
AB  - The gastrointestinal peptide response to food was assessed in 6 healthy subjects
      following oral administration of 40 mg omeprazole. There was a small but
      statistically significant increase in basal plasma gastrin six hours after the
      dose of omeprazole, but the post-prandial plasma gastrin was not significantly
      increased. There was no significant effect on basal or post-prandial levels of
      somatostatin, insulin, pancreatic glucagon, enteroglucagon, gastric inhibitory
      polypeptide, pancreatic polypeptide, motilin, neurotensin, cholecystokinin,
      secretin, vasoactive intestinal peptide and gastrin-releasing peptide or blood
      glucose concentration.

PMID- 6365715
TI  - Female sex hormone and nephropathy in Cohen diabetic rat (genetically selected
      sucrose-fed).
AB  - In the Cohen diabetic rat (genetically-selected sucrose-fed) ovariectomy resulted
      in a significantly decreased incidence of nephropathy, while estradiol treatment
      to the ovariectomized animal increased the rate of nephropathy to the levels
      occurring in the uncastrated untreated diabetic female. In the male diabetic
      animal orchidectomy caused a slight decrease in the rate of nephropathy whereas
      estradiol treatment to the orchidectomized animal resulted in a slight increase
      in the rate. No difference was found between the ovariectomized and the
      uncastrated diabetic female as to the spontaneous blood glucose, plasma insulin,
      serum cholesterol or TG levels, but a significant difference was found in their
      plasma estradiol levels.

PMID- 6365716
TI  - Radioactive 86rubidium influx into red blood cells in essential hypertension in
      relation to the plasma renin activity.
AB  - Changes in several mechanisms of sodium transport across the cell membranes are
      described in essential hypertension. We studied ouabain-sensitive and insensitive
      86Rb+ influx into the red blood cells (RBC) of 16 healthy controls and 51
      patients with essential hypertension (EH) divided according to their plasma renin
      activity (PRA) in 3 groups: 11 patients with high PRA (HREH), 18 patients with
      normal PRA (NREH) and 22 patients with low PRA (LREH). In addition to studying
      86RB+ uptake by patients RBC, we tested also the effect of the patients' sera on
      86Rb+ influx into the RBC of healthy subjects. Red blood cells of patients with
      HREH and NREH had lower ouabain-sensitive 86Rb+ influx in comparison with
      controls. No significant differences were found between these hypertensive
      groups. In contrast 86Rb+ uptake by the RBC of LREH patients was always higher
      than in controls or HREH and NREH. It was chiefly the ouabain-sensitive component
      that was raised, but some increase in ouabain-insensitive 86Rb+ influx also could
      be seen. The serum of patients with HREH and NREH, when incubated with RBC of
      healthy controls, lowered their ouabain-sensitive 86Rb+ influx. The decrease was
      more pronounced in NREH than in HREH group. Plasma from LREH patients increased
      both ouabain-sensitive and ouabain-insensitive 86Rb+ influx into the control RBC.
      These findings indicate that there may be differences in the sodium/potassium
      transport mechanisms across the cell membrane in various kinds of EH.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6365717
TI  - Relationships between glucose-induced elevation of serum potassium in the upright
      posture, hormonal changes and renal functions in captopril-treated hypertensives.

PMID- 6365718
TI  - Associations between liver histological changes and hepatic monooxygenase
      activities in vitro in diabetic patients.
AB  - The associations between liver histological changes and hepatic cytochrome P-450
      content (P-450) and the activities of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and 7
      ethoxycoumarin O-de-ethylase (ECD) have been investigated in 30 diabetics
      undergoing diagnostic liver biopsy. There were more than 10-fold interindividual
      variations in P-450 contents and AHH and ECD activities in the diabetics. P-450
      content decreased with increasing severity of liver histological changes, whereas
      AHH and ECD activities were significantly reduced only in biopsies with severe
      histological changes. However, despite differential effects of liver disorders on
      P-450 and AHH and ECD activities there were highly significant correlations
      between these three parameters with each other.

PMID- 6365719
TI  - Homologies in the structures of bull seminal plasma acrosin inhibitors and
      comparison with other homologous proteinase inhibitors of the Kazal type.
AB  - After determination of the amino-acid sequence of a further acrosin inhibitor
      isolated from bull seminal plasma, the primary structures of the three seminal
      inhibitors known so far were compared with other homologous structures of protein
      protein inhibitors. From the matrix of minimal base changes, a high divergence in
      the evolution of the seminal inhibitors can be seen. Inhibitors from bull seminal
      plasma show even a higher degree of relationship to dog submandibular gland
      inhibitor domain II and the 3rd domain of quail ovomucoid than to acrosin
      inhibitor from boar seminal plasma.

PMID- 6365720
TI  - The glucagon-insulin antagonism and glucagon-dexamethasone synergism in the
      induction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in cultured rat hepatocytes.
AB  - In hepatocytes precultured for 24 h with dexamethasone glucagon increased
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity 3-4-fold with a half maximal activity
      increase at 30 pM. The half maximal effective glucagon concentration was enhanced
      10-fold to 300 pM when insulin was added simultaneously. The glucagon-insulin
      antagonism was maximally expressed when glucagon was present at low physiological
      concentrations. At equimolar doses it was only in the concentration range around
      0.1 nM that glucagon and insulin became powerful antagonists; at higher levels
      glucagon was the dominant hormone. In hepatocytes not pretreated with
      dexamethasone glucagon still enhanced phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity,
      but the half maximal effective dose raised more than 30-fold to 1 nM. The degree
      of stimulation, however, remained essentially unchanged. Thus dexamethasone
      shifted the glucagon sensitivity of the cells into the physiological
      concentration range; it exerted a half maximal effect at 10 nM. Dexamethasone was
      not required for the enzyme induction proper if the cells had been pretreated
      with the glucocorticoid. The amount of the glucagon-stimulated enzyme induction
      was dependent on the time period of cell pretreatment with dexamethasone.
      Glucagon enhanced enzyme activity to the same constant suboptimal level
      irrespective of whether cells had been pretreated with glucocorticoid for 1 or
      for 14 h. If cells were pretreated for more than 15 h, glucagon linearly
      increased enzyme activity further until the maximal value was reached after 24 h
      pretreatment. The glucagon-insulin antagonism and the glucagon-glucocorticoid
      synergism were observed at physiological hormone concentrations indicating that
      the interaction should be effective also in vivo. Dexamethasone does not seem to
      be generally permissive for the inducing action of glucagon, but rather
      sensitizes the cell towards lower physiological hormone concentrations.

PMID- 6365721
TI  - Purification of Escherichia coli 30S ribosomal proteins by high performance
      liquid chromatography.
AB  - High performance liquid chromatography was applied to the separation of proteins
      derived from the Escherichia coli 30S ribosomal subunit. Several methods of
      separating this protein mixture has been tested: size-exclusion chromatography on
      hydrophilic phases; ion exchange and reversed phase chromatography (on C2 to C18
      hydrocarbon-bonded supports). Various elution systems were examined in order to
      obtain pure proteins suitable for micro-sequence analysis. The resolution and
      yields of the proteins varied considerably, depending on the type of support and
      gradient system used. The best results were achieved with uniformly globular
      shaped supports of large pore size, and by combining high performance size
      exclusion with rechromatography on reversed phase columns. Purification
      conditions for the individual proteins are listed. The methods employed avoid any
      precipitation step and allow easy identification of the proteins by one or two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis, amino-acid analysis or direct manual or
      automatic micro-sequencing. Since the isolation time is much reduced compared
      with conventional purification procedures, the proteins obtained by the
      techniques described here are well suited for topographical and immunological
      studies or reconstitution assays. Ribosomal proteins of other organisms can be
      separated under similar conditions.

PMID- 6365722
TI  - The structure of nucleosomes and chromatin.

PMID- 6365723
TI  - Structure and role of eubacterial ribosomal proteins.

PMID- 6365724
TI  - Regulatory steps in the initiation of protein synthesis.
AB  - Regulation of protein synthesis is being exerted at different levels with a
      different extent of attenuation. The major control module seems to work by the
      inactivation of the elF-2 recycling which enables the cell to shift down from a
      high rate of initiation to a low rate. Certain events in the cell cycle like
      mitosis do show such a drastic change in initiation rate. It is suggested that
      modifications of elF-2 by phosphorylation of the alpha-subunit by different
      protein-kinases is the basis for such a control mechanism. Already two protein
      kinases of this type have been described, the hemin-regulated inhibitor and the
      ds-RNA activated inhibitor from interferon-treated cells. On the other hand
      modifications of the beta-subunit by other metabolic events, for instance low
      NADH/NAD+ ratio, can as yet not be excluded. Other conditions like amino acid
      starvation, serum deprivation, heat-shock and virus-infection seem to evoke quite
      different strategies. In some cases it has been demonstrated that inactivation of
      mRNA binding factors as elF-4B and elF-4E, favour the translation of low
      dependence, i.e. low secondary structure, messengers. It shall be worthwhile to
      establish whether the mRNA's with such low degree of secondary structure encoded
      proteins that are aimed at the survival of the cell under extreme metabolic or
      stress conditions. Much more work on the structure and nucleotide sequences of
      the leader sequence is needed to prove these hypothetical points.

PMID- 6365725
TI  - Strategies for optimizing foreign gene expression in Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6365726
TI  - Interplay between different genetic systems in eukaryotic cells:
      nucleocytoplasmic-mitochondrial interrelations.

PMID- 6365727
TI  - Mosaic genes and RNA processing in mitochondria.

PMID- 6365728
TI  - Activation and function of chromatin.

PMID- 6365729
TI  - Structure and function of ribosomal RNA.

PMID- 6365730
TI  - Contemporary trends in group psychotherapy: a literature survey.
AB  - Group psychotherapy in the 1980s is a dynamic discipline characterized by
      increasingly refined techniques, expanded applicability, and greater rigor in
      evaluating outcome. The author provides a brief history of group therapy during
      the past three decades and then surveys the current literature in the field to
      link some past trends with recent developments. He concentrates on group therapy
      for borderline and narcissistic patients, physically ill patients, geriatric
      patients, chronic psychiatric patients, and patients with sexual and marital
      problems. Recent innovations in facilitating entry into groups, reducing
      dropouts, and ensuring meaningful group experiences are also discussed.

PMID- 6365731
TI  - Exploring the options of Medicare payment for capital.

PMID- 6365732
TI  - Fluorescence immunoassay.
AB  - Fluorescence immunoassay is a sensitive technique that can be used in the
      measurement of many compounds, including drugs, hormones, and proteins; in the
      identification of antibodies; and in the quantification of antigens such as viral
      particles and, potentially, bacteria. Homogeneous fluorescence immunoassay,
      fluorescent excitation transfer immunoassay, fluorescence polarization
      immunoassay, solid-phase "dipstick" immunoassay, solid-phase microbead
      fluorescence immunoassay, substrate-labeled fluorescence immunoassay, and
      fluorescence immunoassays using internal reflectance spectroscopy or
      phycobiliprotein conjugates are reviewed.

PMID- 6365734
TI  - The pathologic features of massive osseous grafts.
AB  - The authors studied histologically six of 35 massive osseous or osteochondral
      transplants that had been inserted following radical resection of musculoskeletal
      malignancies. The six transplants consisted of three allografts removed because
      of infection within 12 weeks following insertion and two allografts and one
      vascularized autograft resected between 52 and 72 weeks because of recurrent
      tumor. The infected allografts were necrotic and showed extensive osteomyelitis
      and septic arthritis. Focal areas of cartilage still had chondrocytes. The two
      non-infected allografts were also necrotic, and host bone had grown into donor
      bone at the graft--host interface. The vascularized autograft was viable.
      Articular cartilage was present in only one of the non-infected allografts and
      was necrotic. Ultrastructurally, allograft cartilage, although necrotic, showed
      marked destruction of the matrix only when infected. Allograft bone seems to act
      purely as a strut, inciting little immune response. It is unable to respond to
      infection and has little osteoinductive ability. Vascularized autograft, in
      contrast, appeared to contribute to graft union. Articular cartilage can survive
      transplantation but may become necrotic and undergo marked degeneration when
      infected. The histologic findings and clinical courses support the conclusion
      that graft failure within 72 weeks after transplantation is not due to
      immunologic rejection.

PMID- 6365733
TI  - Apocrine differentiation in lobular carcinoma of the breast: a morphologic,
      immunologic, and ultrastructural study.
AB  - The frequency of apocrine differentiation in breast carcinomas, assessed on
      purely morphologic grounds, is controversial. Apocrine differentiation in two
      cases of lobular carcinoma in situ (lobular neoplasia; LCIS) is reported for the
      first time. Using an immunohistochemical method for the detection of GCDFP-15, a
      protein present in apocrine epithelium and in the fluid of tension cysts of the
      breast, the apocrine differentiation in LCIS is confirmed. The histiocytoid
      variant of invasive lobular carcinoma is shown to be "apocrine" in nature,
      antigenically at least. The ultrastructural findings in one case of histiocytoid
      carcinoma are discussed in the context of an apparent discrepancy between the
      morphologic features of this tumor and the presence of an apocrine antigenic
      marker.

PMID- 6365735
TI  - The effect of age on the number of pituitary cells immunoreactive to growth
      hormone and prolactin.
AB  - The results of a combined immunocytochemical, morphometric, and clinicopathologic
      analysis of growth-hormone-producing and prolactin-producing pituitary cells in
      28 subjects ranging in age from 16 to 90 are reported. There was a significant
      age-related decline in the number and size of growth-hormone-producing cells,
      which was most marked in the transition from youth to middle age. There was also
      a significant age-related decline in the number of pituitary parenchymal cells
      but not in pituitary weight. Prolactin cells did not show a significant decline
      in number with age.

PMID- 6365736
TI  - Thyroglobulin in carcinoma of the thyroid.

PMID- 6365737
TI  - Circulating immune complexes and the nephropathy of cystic fibrosis.
AB  - To explore the putative nephropathic role of Pseudomonas-associated immune
      complexes, the authors measured the quantity of immune complexes in sera
      obtained, before death, from 20 patients with cystic fibrosis, and compared these
      findings with the histologic features of the lesions and with immunofluorescence
      patterns of kidney tissue obtained at autopsy. The immune complexes were measured
      by solid-phase C1q (C1q immune complex) and conglutinin to detect complexes
      containing IgM, IgA, and IgG. Elevated levels of C1q immune complex (13 patients)
      suggested the possibility of renal deposition of C3 (P less than 0.005) and IgM
      (P less than 0.05). The only three patients with IgA tissue deposits had elevated
      levels of C1q immune complex with normal IgA immune complexes. No other assay
      findings correlated with the immunofluorescence findings. Despite the prominent
      C3 in tissue deposits, the histologic features were not significantly associated
      with the results of the immune complex assays. This study indicates that
      complement-activating IgM-containing complexes can be deposited in renal tissues
      of patients with cystic fibrosis, but their nephropathogenicity is doubtful.
      These observations of kidney lesions, which diminish the injurious role of immune
      complexes in cystic fibrosis, may be relevant to an understanding of the
      pathogenesis of the lung lesions, which recent studies have linked to the
      presence of immune complexes.

PMID- 6365738
TI  - Endocrine pancreas in cystic fibrosis: an immunohistochemical study.
AB  - The pancreases of 17 patients who had cystic fibrosis with and without diabetes
      mellitus were evaluated at autopsy by routine staining and immunohistochemical
      methods for insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide.
      Qualitative assessment of the number of islets of Langerhans and the degrees of
      exocrine pancreatic atrophy, fibrosis, and fat replacement was made for each
      pancreas. Quantitative assessment of islet composition was performed in 15 of the
      17 based on the immunochemical reactivity of each cell type. Nondiabetic patients
      with cystic fibrosis in the latter part of the first decade of life have classic
      fibrocystic changes of the pancreas, with some persisting exocrine tissue, islets
      that appear normal, and prominent nesidioblastosis. The latter process may
      protect these patients from glucose intolerance. Young adult diabetic patients
      with cystic fibrosis have total loss of exocrine pancreas with fat replacement,
      lack of nesidioblastosis, a qualitative decrease in the number of islets,
      fibrosis of and amyloid deposits in islets, decreased numbers of insulin
      containing cells in each islet, and atrophy of islet cells, probably resulting
      from progressive ischemia. Although the potential exists for an increasing
      incidence of diabetes mellitus in patients with cystic fibrosis as their life
      spans increase, individual variation occurs in this disease.

PMID- 6365740
TI  - Urinary excretion of cadmium, protein, beta-2-microglobulin and glucose in
      individuals living in a cadmium-polluted area.
AB  - Urine was collected from 289 inhabitants of a cadmium-polluted quarter of
      Stadskanaal. The excretion of cadmium, protein, beta-2-microglobulin and glucose
      were determined. After being divided according to sex and to smoking habits, the
      results of the inhabitants were compared with those of 293 controls. In
      inhabitants as well as controls, cadmium excretion was age-dependent. Cadmium
      excretion in females increased faster with age than in males. In male-smoker
      controls, cadmium excretion was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than in
      male-non-smoker controls. In male-non-smoker inhabitants, cadmium excretion (p =
      0.05), protein excretion (p less than 0.01) and glucose excretion (p less than
      0.01) were significantly higher than in corresponding controls. In male-smoker
      inhabitants, protein excretion (p less than 0.01) and glucose excretion (0.01
      less than p less than 0.05) were significantly higher than in corresponding
      controls. In female-non-smoker inhabitants glucose excretion was significantly
      higher (0.01 less than p less than 0.05) than in corresponding controls. For some
      categories, living in the polluted area was associated with an increased cadmium
      excretion in urine and a slight difference in renal function, possibly related to
      a difference in cadmium body burden. It was concluded that, considering the
      actual values of each parameter, the observed differences were not relevant in
      terms of potential health hazards.

PMID- 6365741
TI  - The study of differentiative potential of the lactating mouse mammary gland in
      organ culture.
AB  - The organ culture of the mammary gland of lactating mice was used to examine the
      response of the differentiated gland to lactogenic stimuli, insulin, cortisol,
      and prolactin. Time course studies showed that casein synthesis in cultured
      tissue decreased rapidly during the first 2 d despite the presence of the three
      hormones, but on the 3rd d tissue cultured with either insulin and prolactin or
      all three hormones regained the ability to synthesize milk proteins, casein, and
      alpha-lactalbumin: a greater increase occurred in the three hormone system. The
      delayed addition of prolactin on Day 2 to the culture system containing insulin
      and cortisol also stimulated casein synthesis. The addition of cytarabine, which
      inhibited insulin-dependent cell proliferation in cultured explants, did not
      block the rebound of milk protein synthesis. These results indicate that in the
      presence of insulin, cortisol, and prolactin mammary epithelial cells in culture
      first lose and then regain the ability of synthesizing milk protein without
      requiring the formation of new daughter cells.

PMID- 6365742
TI  - The regulation of tissue eosinophil chemotactic factor and inhibitor in allergic
      skin lesions of Freund's complete adjuvant-treated guinea-pigs.
AB  - The regulation of tissue eosinophilia induced by dinitrophenyl-ascaris extract
      (DNP-As) was investigated in guinea-pigs. Biphasic tissue eosinophilia peaking at
      6 and 24 hr was observed in the skin lesions in Bordetella pertussis vaccine (Bp)
      treated animals. In contrast, only the early phase of tissue eosinophilia was
      observed in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)-treated animals. Although less
      eosinophil chemotactic activity was detected in 24-hr-old skin extract of FCA
      treated animals (FCA-extract), evident activity was recovered in the concanavalin
      A eluate (Con A-eluate) when FCA-extract was fractionated by Con A Sepharose. The
      chemotactic factor in Con A-eluate of FCA-extract was confirmed to be the T cell
      derived eosinophil chemotactic factor, termed Delayed ECF-a, which has been
      isolated from allergic skin lesions by immunoadsorption. Another factor from the
      same skin lesions, Delayed ECF-b (which is a serum-derived one), was not detected
      in the FCA-extract. When eosinophils were mixed or pretreated with Con A-effluent
      of FCA-extract, the treated cells failed to be attracted by Delayed ECF-a, while
      the response to Delayed ECF-b was not affected, indicating that the inhibition
      was selective for Delayed ECF-a but not for Delayed ECF-b, and the eosinophil
      chemotactic inhibitory factor (ECIF) acts on eosinophils directly. Major ECIF
      activity was associated with a mol. wt. of 70,000 and minor with 12,500.
      Furthermore, the activity was absorbed by eosinophils but not by macrophages
      suggesting that eosinophils have receptor sites for ECIF. It was thus suggested
      that the appearance of ECIF, which is selective for the response of eosinophils
      to Delayed ECF-a, and decreased Delayed ECF-b production resulted in the
      inhibition of delayed tissue eosinophilia in FCA-treated guinea-pigs.

PMID- 6365743
TI  - Two closely related antigens expressed on granulocytes, macrophages and some
      reticular elements in rat lymphoid tissues: characterization by monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - Two distinct novel antigen systems preferentially expressed in rat granulocytes
      and macrophages were detected using two different monoclonal antibodies (R2-1A6
      and R2-2B1). These two antibodies reacted with approximately 50% of rat bone
      marrow cells, most granulocytes, blood monocytes, alveolar macrophages and
      peptone-elicited peritoneal macrophages, but not with red blood cells, platelets,
      thymocytes and T lymphocytes. In addition, R2-2B1 but not R2-1A6 antibody cross
      reacted weakly with rat B cells. These two monoclonals also reacted with some
      reticular elements in rat lymphoid organs including epithelial reticular cells in
      the thymic medulla and follicular dendritic cells in the lymphoid germinal
      centre, as well as with the specialized endothelium in the marginal sinuses of
      the spleen and the post-capillary venules of the lymph node, where lymphocyte
      recirculation takes place. These antibodies, however, did not label so-called
      'dendritic cells' bearing Ia antigens on their cell surfaces, which were found to
      be located in the thymic medulla, thymus-dependent areas of rat lymphoid tissues
      and the interstitium of various non-lymphoid organs, suggesting that these
      dendritic cells, presumably ascribed to those associated with accesory cell
      function, are separable from the mononuclear phagocyte system in rats by their
      different reactivities with R2-1A6 and R2-2B1 antibodies.

PMID- 6365744
TI  - Allotype suppression in an adoptive transfer system in adult mice: the
      specificity and feedback effects of a monoclonal IgG3 anti-(Igh-1b) allotype
      antibody.
AB  - Using an adoptive transfer system in mice, an allotype-specific suppression has
      been induced by a monoclonal IgG3 anti-Igh-1b (Hyb 5.7) reagent. Suppression was
      specific for IgG2a (Igh-1b) and led to a compensatory increase of the Igh-1a
      response in irradiated mice reconstituted with allotype heterozygous (Igha/b)
      spleen cells. Suppression, which was not antigen-specific, lasted for at least 1
      month after anti-allotype treatment.

PMID- 6365746
TI  - Detection of circulating toxocaral antigens in dogs by sandwich enzyme
      immunoassay.
AB  - This study describes the presence of circulating toxocaral antigens (CTA) in the
      sera of dogs infected with Toxocara canis (T. canis) by using a sandwich enzyme
      immunoassay (SEIA). A specificity of this assay with different antigens was
      observed, i.e. the EIA values, which express the antigen concentration, of
      excretory-secretory antigen from T. canis larvae were higher than those of other
      antigens (Ascaris lumbricoides, Dirofilaria immitis and Fasciola hepatica). The
      variability in intra-assay was below 10%. In age distribution of CTA levels, the
      highest level was observed at 1 month of age. Thereafter, the levels decreased
      gradually until 6 months of age and then the same levels were maintained until
      adult age. Also, slightly elevated levels were found in the sera of foetuses. A
      significant correlation was obtained between age and CTA levels. The positive
      correlation between the number of worms and CTA levels was significant. As for
      the IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies, a significant correlation was observed between
      the IgM antibody activities and CTA levels, but this was not observed with IgG
      and IgA antibodies. From these results, it was indicated that the immunological
      response to T. canis infection in dogs may not be reached until 1 or 2 months
      after birth, although detectable CTA levels were observed in foetal and early
      life. It was also suggested that the immunological stimulation for canine
      toxocariasis may be maintained by the excretory-secretory materials from the
      larvae through life and as a result, IgM antibody production may be observed even
      in chronically infected adult dogs. The SEIA technique reported in this study may
      be useful as a diagnostic tool of human toxocariasis, since the CTA can be
      directly demonstrated by the technique.

PMID- 6365745
TI  - Stimulation of macrophage protease secretion via liposomal delivery of muramyl
      dipeptide derivatives to intracellular sites.
AB  - We have observed that murine macrophages can be activated for enhanced neutral
      protease secretion by exposing the cells to muramyl dipeptides (MDPs). A
      lipophilic derivative of nor-MDP is more efficacious than the parent hydrophilic
      nor-MDP. The efficacy and potency of the lipophilic and more prominently the
      hydrophilic drugs can be increased (10-10(3) fold) by encapsulating them in lipid
      vesicles (liposomes); however the encapsulation of drug causes a delay in the
      onset of activation. The enhanced effectiveness of liposomal MDPs seems in part,
      to be due to increased uptake, slow release and thus potentiated action of the
      drug at intracellular sites as emphasized by studies with [3H]-MDP. Appropriate
      distribution of the drug to intracellular compartments of the cell also seems to
      be an important factor in the activation process. The internalization of a
      relatively large amounts (greater than 5 ng/10(6) cells) of nor-MDP results in
      'down regulation', that is reduced protease secretion, as compared to effects
      produced by internalization of lesser amounts of the drug. The macrophage
      activating effects of liposomal MDPs do not seem to require the processing of
      liposomes in the lysosomal compartment; thus lysosome-blocking agents, such as
      chloroquine and dextran sulphate, do not affect the induction of protease
      secretion.

PMID- 6365747
TI  - Effect of heparin sodium on in vitro development of Plasmodium falciparum.

PMID- 6365748
TI  - Role of hyaluronidase in in vitro phagocytosis of encapsulated yeasts of
      Cryptococcus neoformans.

PMID- 6365749
TI  - Induced mutation developing delta 9-desaturase defective unsaturated fatty acid
      requiring mutants of Aspergillus nidulans IMI 72731.

PMID- 6365739
TI  - Duchenne muscular dystrophy: pathogenetic aspects and genetic prevention.
AB  - Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common sex linked lethal disease in
      man (one case in about 4000 male live births). The patients are wheelchair bound
      around the age of 8-10 years and usually die before the age of 20 years. The
      mutation rate, estimated by different methods and from different population
      studies, is in the order of 7 X 10(-5), which is higher than for any other X
      linked genetic disease. Moreover, unlike other X linked diseases such as
      hemophilia A or Lesh-Nyhan's disease, there seems to be no sex difference for the
      mutation rates in DMD. Several observations of DMD in girls bearing X-autosomal
      translocations and linkage studies on two X chromosomal DNA restriction fragment
      length polymorphisms indicate that the DMD locus is situated on the short arm of
      the X chromosome, between Xp11 and Xp22. It may be of considerable length, and
      perhaps consisting of actively coding and non-active intervening DNA sequences.
      Thus unequal crossing over during meiosis in females could theoretically account
      for a considerable proportion of new mutations. However, there is no structurally
      or functionally abnormal protein known that might represent the primary gene
      product, nor has any pathogenetic mechanism leading to the observed biochemical
      and histological alterations been elucidated. Among the numerous pathogenetic
      concepts the hypothesis of a structural or/and functional defect of the muscular
      plasma membrane is still the most attractive. It would explain both the excess of
      muscular constituents found in serum of patients and carriers, such as creatine
      kinase (CK), as well as the excessive calcium uptake by dystrophic muscle fibres,
      which, prior to necrosis, could lead to hypercontraction, rupture of myofilaments
      in adjacent sarcomeres and by excessive Ca uptake to mitochondrial damage causing
      crucial energy loss. The results of studies on structural and functional membrane
      abnormalities in cells other than muscle tissue, e.g., erythrocytes, lymphocytes
      and cultured fibroblasts, indicate that the DMD mutation is probably demonstrable
      in these tissues. However, most of the findings are still difficult to reproduce
      or even controversial. DMD is an incurable disease; therefore most effort, in
      research as well as in practical medicine, is concentrated upon its
      prevention.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6365750
TI  - Effect of colchicine & methylated purines on UV-induced mitotic gene conversion
      in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

PMID- 6365751
TI  - Dielectrophoretic collection rate (DCR) of yeast cells in cylindrical field
      geometry.

PMID- 6365752
TI  - Efficacy of centpiperalone in combination with biguanide & sulfonylurea.

PMID- 6365753
TI  - Role of serum inhibitory factors in pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome--an
      immunopathological study.

PMID- 6365754
TI  - Regulation of resistance to leprosy by chromosome 1 locus in the mouse.
AB  - Mice of different inbred strains vary in their resistance to intravenous
      infection with Mycobacterium lepraemurium (MLM). The mean survival time of MLM
      infected A/J and DBA/2 mice is significantly longer than that of similarly
      infected C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. The typing of AXB/BXA recombinant inbred
      strains (A = A/J,B = C57BL/6) for the trait of relative resistance/susceptibility
      to MLM revealed a perfect match with the strain distribution pattern of
      resistance/susceptibility to Mycobacterium bovis (BCG), the trait which is
      controlled by the Bcg (Ity, Lsh) locus on chromosome 1. The control, by this
      gene, of response to MLM was further confirmed by the demonstration that BALB/c
      Bcgr congenic mice, which carry the DBA/2-derived Bcgr (resistant) allele on
      chromosome 1, are significantly more resistant to MLM infection than their BALB/c
      (Bcgs, susceptible) counterparts.

PMID- 6365755
TI  - Immunochemical analysis of glycosylated and nonglycosylated DLA class I antigens.
AB  - Dog peripheral blood lymphocytes, when cultured with 35S-methionine in the
      presence of tunicamycin, synthesize DLA molecules consisting of beta 2
      microglobulin and a heavy chain approximately 3000 daltons lower in apparent mol.
      wt. than observed in control cases. This difference in mol. wt. is consistent
      with the fact that a single N-linked carbohydrate side chain is present on the
      heavy chain of DLA class I antigens. There is no evidence of polymorphism in the
      DLA light chain (beta 2m). Both glycosylated and nonglycosylated forms of the
      heavy chain, however, show microheterogeneity, which can be related to tissue
      type. Analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis shows that the biochemical
      heterogeneity in the DLA heavy chain is less than expected from DLA serology, and
      less than found in HLA class I antigens. The data are consistent with the fact
      that the products of only a single DLA class I locus are detected.

PMID- 6365756
TI  - Sporadic cases of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to enterovirus type 70.

PMID- 6365757
TI  - Some phenotypic characteristics of group H plasmids from human isolates of
      Salmonella & Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6365758
TI  - Outbreak of gastroenteritis due to multidrug resistant Salmonella typhimurium
      phage type 66/122 UT in Bangalore.

PMID- 6365759
TI  - Klebocin typing of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from patients
      undergoing open-heart & brain surgery.

PMID- 6365760
TI  - Immunofluorescence studies with Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae ES antigen.

PMID- 6365761
TI  - Differential action of mitogens on human lymphocytes from cancer patients.

PMID- 6365762
TI  - Detection of blood group isoantigens A B and H in benign and malignant tumors of
      breast.

PMID- 6365763
TI  - Significant bacteriuria: effect of storage, temperature and H ion concentration.

PMID- 6365764
TI  - Mucosal defense against enteric pathogens.

PMID- 6365765
TI  - Immunology of giardiasis.

PMID- 6365766
TI  - Sex differences in in-vitro activation and in-vivo carcinogenicity.
AB  - Metabolic activation capacities of liver from rats of both sexes were studied in
      a bacterial mutation test containing an in-vitro metabolic activation system.
      Livers of male Wistar rats had higher metabolic activity than those of females
      for the oesophageal carcinogens, N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine and N
      nitrosomethylamylamine. Castration of and/or injection of oestradiol to male rats
      decreased the metabolic activation capacity of their livers towards these
      oesophageal carcinogens to the level seen in females. Neither castration nor
      injection of testosterone to female rats had a significant effect on the
      metabolic activation capacity of their livers; however, injection of testosterone
      to castrated females increased the metabolic activation capacity to that of male
      liver. Liver from male rats also had higher in-vitro metabolic activation
      capacities for N-nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrosodiethylamine than that of
      females.

PMID- 6365767
TI  - Genetically determined differences in the response to carcinogens of aryl
      hydrocarbon hydroxylase and ornithine decarboxylase.
AB  - Carcinogenesis involves a complex interplay of both hereditary and environmental
      factors. With the exception of some cancers which may be inherited through an
      autosomal dominant gene (e.g., retinoblastoma), cancer causation is controlled by
      a multitude of genes. The murine Ah complex is an example of a well-characterized
      model system for studying genetic factors for carcinogenesis in mice. The Ah
      complex controls the induction of several xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme
      activities by, e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Allelic differences
      at the Ah locus are associated with increased individual risk for cancer and
      mutation. The polyamines and their biosynthetic enzymes, especially ornithine
      decarboxylase (ODC), are useful probes in the study of carcinogenesis. The
      available evidence supports the theory that the induction of ODC activity is an
      essential factor in mouse skin tumorigenesis. In contrast, ODC induction is not
      an essential prerequisite in the induction of enzymes involved in converting
      carcinogens of the PAH-type to reactive intermediates capable of binding to DNA.
      The possible involvement of the polyamines and ODC in cancer initiation and
      promotion, in DNA repair processes and in genetic factors that might influence
      them are discussed in this review.

PMID- 6365768
TI  - Species and organ specificity in nitrosamine carcinogenesis.

PMID- 6365769
TI  - DNA repair induced by alkylating carcinogens.

PMID- 6365770
TI  - Tumour susceptibility in mice in relation to H-2 haplotype.
AB  - In many higher animal species, a major histocompatibility complex (MHC; in man:
      HLA; in mice: H-2) has been established and extensively studied. MHC products are
      essential in the recognition and destruction of cells carrying non-self antigenic
      determinants. Associations between specific HLA haplotypes and susceptibility
      towards nasopharyngeal carcinoma, breast cancer, acute lymphocytic leukaemia and
      Hodgkin's disease have been reported. A summary is made of the evidence for the
      involvement of H-2 genes in the development of virally induced tumours
      (leukaemia, mammary tumours and Rous sarcoma virus-induced fibrosarcomas). The
      formation of mouse lung tumours, for which there is no indication of a viral or
      hormonal etiology, has also proved to be significantly influenced by the H-2
      haplotype. Similar results were obtained for spontaneous and chemically induced
      lung tumours. On closer analysis, more specific parameters, such as type of lung
      tumour and size, were found to be controlled by several regions of the H-2
      complex.

PMID- 6365771
TI  - Cytogenetic markers of host susceptibility in carcinogenesis.

PMID- 6365772
TI  - Host factors in the susceptibility of mice to tumour initiating and promoting
      agents.
AB  - It has been known for a long time that skin tumours can be induced by the
      sequential application of a subthreshold dose of a carcinogen (initiation stage)
      followed by repetitive treatment with a noncarcinogenic promoter (promotion
      stage). In mouse skin, the initiation stage requires only a single application of
      either a direct-acting carcinogen or a procarcinogen and is essentially an
      irreversible step, which, as data suggest, probably involves a somatic cell
      mutation. The promotion stage in mouse skin can be accomplished by a wide variety
      of weak or noncarcinogenic agents and is initially reversible, later becoming
      irreversible. Current information suggests that skin tumour promoters are not
      mutagenic but bring about a number of important epigenetic changes, such as
      epidermal hyperplasia and an increase in levels of polyamines, prostaglandins and
      dark basal keratinocytes as well as other embryonic conditions. Recently, tumour
      promotion in mouse skin was shown to consist of at least two stages, each of
      which can be accomplished by either a known promoter or a weak or nonpromoting
      agent. Some of the important characteristics of the first stage of promotion are:
      (1) only one application of a first-stage promoter, such as phorbol ester tumour
      promoters, calcium ionophore A23187, hydrogen peroxide and wounding, is needed;
      (2) it is partially irreversible; (3) increases in dark basal keratinocytes and
      prostaglandins are important; and (4) it can be inhibited by anti-inflammatory
      steroids and protease inhibitors. The second stage of promotion is initially
      reversible but later becomes irreversible. Polyamines and epidermal cell
      proliferation are important events in the second stage of promotion. A number of
      weak or nonpromoting agents, such as mezerein, are effective second-stage
      promoters, which can be counteracted by retinoic acid, anti-inflammatory steroids
      and polyamine synthesis inhibitors. Although skin tumour promotion has been
      studied extensively in mice, not all strains and stocks of mice are susceptible
      to phorbol ester tumour promoters. In this regard, C57Bl/6 mice appear to be
      fairly resistant to these tumour promoters. Not all species are equally
      susceptible to phorbol ester tumour promotion (mouse greater than rat greater
      than hamster, and the miniature swine is fairly resistant). It is not presently
      known if other experimental systems of carcinogenesis or the induction of human
      cancer go through a series of stages similar to that in the mouse skin.

PMID- 6365773
TI  - Influences of sex steroids on experimental carcinogenesis.
AB  - Sex steroids can apparently modify hepatic function in at least two ways (Figure
      1). First, the liver contains specific receptor proteins for either androgens or
      oestrogens. Several studies, using effects on the monooxygenase system as an
      indicator of hormone action, have shown good correlations between the presence of
      sex-steroid receptors and hepatic response to these hormones. In general,
      androgens induce the activities of drug biotransformation reactions, whereas
      oestrogens depress them. Second, the endocrine milieu, during a critical period
      of early development, apparently programmes the hypothalamic-pituitary axis to
      release factors which cause certain aspects of liver biochemistry to undergo sex
      differentiation. Selected components of the cytochrome P-450 system exhibit sex
      differences, and these differences are imprinted by neonatal androgens and are
      initiated and maintained by the pituitary gland. Corresponding to sex
      differentiation of the hepatic monooxygenase system are significant sex
      differences in responses to hepatocarcinogens such as N-2-fluorenylacetamide and
      N-hydroxy-N-2-fluorenylacetamide. Higher incidences of hepatocellular carcinomas
      in males appear to result from exposure to neonatal androgens.

PMID- 6365774
TI  - Role of the maternal organism in transplacental carcinogenesis.
AB  - The maternal organism plays a highly important role in transplacental
      carcinogenesis, since for carcinogens in the bloodstream of the mother to reach
      the fetus, they must cross several barriers, the first of which is the placenta.
      Some types of compounds require metabolic activation in the maternal organism, in
      the fetus and even sometimes in the placenta. Thus, four main pathways can be
      hypothesized by which substances exert a carcinogenic effect on the fetus. Most
      carcinogens can cross the placenta; data confirm that this process consists of
      simple diffusion or - in the case of high doses - facilitated diffusion. That
      carcinogens may be detoxified in the maternal organism is confirmed by
      experiments on activation of enzyme systems and on caesarean deliveries. Species
      and strain specificities are characteristic of transplacental carcinogenesis and
      are manifested in organotropism. Organotropism in transplacental carcinogenesis
      is determined by genetic predisposition, cell differentiation and proliferative
      activity in the target tissues. For indirect carcinogens, the level of
      metabolizing enzymes is also important.

PMID- 6365775
TI  - Studies of host factors in perinatal carcinogenesis using organ cultures from
      animal and human tissues.

PMID- 6365776
TI  - [Immunological phenomena in periodontal disease].

PMID- 6365777
TI  - [Treatment of front tooth fractures with pulp exposure using the broken tooth
      fragments. 2 case reports].

PMID- 6365778
TI  - Production and characterization of three monoclonal antibodies to Candida
      albicans proteins.
AB  - Three monoclonal antibodies, designated A2C7, C2C7, and F19, were produced which
      recognize proteins from Candida albicans. All are of the immunoglobulin G1 heavy
      chain and kappa light chain class. A2C7 and C2C7 immunoprecipitated three
      proteins contained in a partially purified fraction (region A) of a mycelial
      cytoplasmic extract of C. albicans. The apparent molecular weights of these
      proteins are 120,000 (120K) to 135K, 44K to 52K, to 38K. Monoclonal antibody F19
      was reactive with proteins of 42K, 43K, and 50K in immunoblotting experiments.
      F19 was also able to form a precipitin band in agarose gel with protein(s)
      contained in region A. Limited proteolytic digestion of the three proteins
      immunoprecipitated by A2C7 and C2C7 demonstrated that both monoclonal antibodies
      recognized the same three Candida proteins and that there exists a significant
      degree of relatedness in primary structure among the three proteins. Proteins
      with apparent molecular weights of 120K to 135K, 44K to 52K, and 35K to 38K that
      were immunoprecipitated by sera from two patients with invasive candidiasis and
      by the serum from a rabbit immunized against a 48K (44K to 52K) Candida protein
      were also analyzed by limited proteolysis. Patterns of peptide fragments
      generated by enzymatic digestion of these proteins showed that the proteins
      recognized by the monoclonal antibodies are the same proteins recognized by
      antibodies in the sera of patients during an invasive Candida infection and by
      antibodies in the serum of the immune rabbit.

PMID- 6365779
TI  - Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to heat-labile enterotoxin encoded by a
      plasmid from a clinical isolate of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Eight selected hybridoma cell lines that produced monoclonal antibodies against
      heat-labile enterotoxin from an Escherichia coli strain of human origin (LTh)
      were characterized. Antibodies produced by these cell lines were tested for
      binding specificity in a series of solid-phase radioimmunoassays and Western
      blots by using as test antigens LTh, the A, A1, A2, and B polypeptides of LTh,
      the heat-labile enterotoxin from an E. coli strain of porcine origin, and cholera
      toxin. The monoclonal antibodies were also tested for isotype and ability to
      neutralize LTh. Two of the anti-LTh monoclonal antibodies cross-reacted with
      cholera toxin, and six were specific for determinants of LTh that were not
      present on cholera toxin. One was specific for a unique epitope of LTh that was
      not shared by the heat-labile enterotoxin from an E. coli strain of porcine
      origin or cholera toxin. Four antibodies specific for epitopes on the B subunit
      of LTh (LTh-B) reacted with pentameric LTh-B but did not react in Western blots
      with monomeric LTh-B. The remaining four antibodies were specific for epitopes on
      LTh-A; two of these antibodies bound to A1, one reacted with A2, and one
      recognized only intact LTh-A. Only one monoclonal antibody had detectable
      neutralizing activity, and it was specific for LTh-A.

PMID- 6365780
TI  - Two mechanisms of inhibition of human lymphocyte proliferation by soluble yeast
      mannan polysaccharide.
AB  - The literature on chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis contains multiple reports
      which suggest that loss of cell-mediated immunity in this disease may be related
      in part to the presence of an inhibitory factor(s) present in patient plasma. One
      such inhibitory factor has been suggested to be mannan polysaccharide released
      from the cell wall of the pathogen. The present report describes results of
      experiments to consider mechanisms by which yeast mannan influences proliferative
      responses of human lymphocytes. Mannan for these experiments was isolated from
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We observed that mannan-mediated inhibition of
      proliferative responses to a battery of stimuli (phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed
      mitogen, and Candida, mumps, streptococcus, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex
      virus antigens) was related in part to an effect of copper associated with the
      mannan and possibly to the superoxide dismutase activity of the mannan-copper
      complex. Mannan made deficient in copper by use of a copper-chelating resin
      appeared to inhibit only lymphoproliferation stimulated by the Candida antigen.
      These results suggest that inhibitory effects of yeast mannans on
      lymphoproliferative responses may involve at least two mechanisms, one related to
      hydrogen peroxide production augmented by mannan-copper complexes and another
      related to still unknown effects independent of the metal ligand. We propose that
      our results represent a significant novel observation which may be useful in
      understanding mechanisms of immunoinhibitory effects of C. albicans mannan.

PMID- 6365781
TI  - Functions of human neutrophilic granulocytes after in vivo exposure to interferon
      alpha.
AB  - The ability of neutrophilic granulocytes to phagocytize yeast particles and to
      reduce Nitro Blue Tetrazolium at rest and on activation with bacterial stimuli
      was monitored in 32 patients receiving treatment with human interferon alpha. The
      ability of these cells to attach to and ingest yeast particles was not altered to
      any major extent during 1 year of interferon treatment. In most patients, the
      Nitro Blue Tetrazolium-reducing activity increased after the first injection of
      interferon. During prolonged treatment with interferon alpha, 1 week to 1 year,
      granulocytes activated with bacteria exhibited a reduced Nitro Blue Tetrazolium
      activity in most patients.

PMID- 6365782
TI  - Vero cell invasiveness of Proteus mirabilis.
AB  - Vero cell invasiveness was studied for a group of Proteus mirabilis strains
      isolated from the urinary tract and feces and for a limited group of urinary
      isolates of Escherichia coli. Experimental conditions affecting this invasiveness
      were studied. All of the P. mirabilis strains tested were capable of cell
      invasion, whereas none of the E. coli strains was. Correlation between the
      hemolytic activity of the P. mirabilis strains and their invasive ability
      suggested that the bacterial hemolysin may be involved in the invasion process.
      Other experimental evidence supporting this hypothesis is discussed. The
      differences in the invasive capacities of P. mirabilis and of E. coli may be
      important for the apparent differences in the pathogenesis of urinary tract
      infection by both species.

PMID- 6365783
TI  - Human polymorphonuclear leukocyte interaction with cyclosporine A.
AB  - The effects of cyclosporin A (cyA) on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte function,
      including phagocytosis, its associated metabolic burst, bacterial killing, and
      chemotaxis, were evaluated. Both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus
      were used as test particles. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes incubated in 10 and 50
      micrograms of cyA per ml behaved normally with respect to phagocytosis and hexose
      monophosphate shunt activity at both high (10:1) and low (2:1) S.
      aureus/leukocyte ratios. With a small bacterial inoculum, killing of S. aureus
      was slightly impaired at early times only in the presence of 50 micrograms of cyA
      per ml. Phagocytosis and killing of P. aeruginosa with both large and small
      bacterial inocula were unaffected by cyA. Chemotaxis was within normal limits
      under all conditions. In addition, polymorphonuclear leukocytes from four renal
      transplant recipients receiving both cyA and prednisone demonstrated normal
      metabolic bursts and bacterial killing with both small and large inocula of S.
      aureus.

PMID- 6365784
TI  - Differences in cross-protection in rats immunized with the B subunits of cholera
      toxin and Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin.
AB  - Although cholera toxin (CT), Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (LT), and their B
      subunits are known to be immunologically related, the ability of each to raise an
      antitoxin response that provides equally strong cross-protection against active
      challenge with pure heterologous toxin has not been examined previously. We
      immunized rats with pure preparations of the B subunits of human LT, porcine LT,
      and CT. Immunization with either of the LT B subunits raised greater than or
      equal to fourfold increases in specific mucosal immunoglobulin A antitoxin titers
      to homologous and heterologous LT and CT B subunits, thereby providing strong
      protection against active challenge in ligated ileal loops with all three
      respective holotoxins and with a viable LT-producing E. coli strain. In contrast,
      immunization with the CT B subunit raised a greater than or equal to fourfold
      increase in antitoxin titers only to itself and provided strong protection only
      against challenge with the CT holotoxin. Conjugation of the CT B subunit with the
      E. coli heat-stable toxin by the carbodiimide reaction yielded a cross-linked
      immunogen with equal antigenicity for both components; immunization with this
      conjugate raised greater than or equal to fourfold increases in antitoxin titers
      to both components, but it provided significant protection only against challenge
      with a viable heat-stable toxin-producing E. coli strain and not to an LT
      producing E. coli strain. These observations indicate that immunization with the
      LT B subunits raises a heterologous antitoxin response that extends to the CT B
      subunit, thereby providing equally strong protection against LT and CT; however,
      immunization with the CT B subunit raises principally a homologous antitoxin
      response, so that this immunogen provides strong protection only against CT.

PMID- 6365785
TI  - Binding of cryptococcal polysaccharide to Cryptococcus neoformans.
AB  - Radioiodinated cryptococcal polysaccharide was used to study binding of the
      soluble polysaccharide to encapsulated and non-encapsulated cryptoccoci. Binding
      of polysaccharide to non-encapsulated cryptococci occurred rapidly over a 30-min
      period and was largely complete after 2 h. Bound, labeled polysaccharide was
      slowly eluted from Cryptococcus neoformans after the addition of unlabeled
      polysaccharide, indicating reversibility of binding. Non-encapsulated cryptococci
      bound polysaccharide in two ways. Specific binding to the yeast was saturable by
      ca. 82 ng of polysaccharide per 10(6) yeast cells. Nonspecific binding also
      occurred which was not saturable under the conditions used in our experiments.
      Phagocytosis of the non-encapsulated yeast strain was inhibited when the specific
      binding was ca. 50% saturated. Binding of polysaccharide to an encapsulated
      strain showed nonspecific, nonsaturable binding, but little specific binding
      occurred. Presumably the specific binding sites were saturated in the
      encapsulated strain. Polysaccharides obtained from a hypocapsular mutant (A61)
      and a normally encapsulated strain competed effectively with labeled serotype D
      polysaccharide for binding sites on non-encapsulated cryptococci and had
      identical phagocytosis-inhibiting properties. Similarly, polysaccharides from all
      four cryptococcal serotypes competed effectively with labeled serotype D
      polysaccharide for binding sites on the non-encapsulated strain, and all four
      polysaccharides inhibited phagocytosis of non-encapsulated Cryptococcus
      neoformans. Unmodified, de-O-acetylated, carboxyl-reduced, periodate-oxidized and
      reduced (polyalcohol), and Smith-degraded polysaccharides competed with labeled
      polysaccharide for binding sites on the cell. The unmodified, de-O-acetylated and
      carboxyl-reduced polysaccharides inhibited phagocytosis of non-encapsulated
      cells, but the polyalcohol and Smith product were unable to inhibit phagocytosis.

PMID- 6365786
TI  - In vivo comparison of avirulent Vwa- and Pgm- or Pstr phenotypes of yersiniae.
AB  - The abilities of Yersinia pestis to undergo restriction in Ca2+-deficient medium
      with concomitant production of V and W antigens (Vwa+) and to absorb exogenous
      pigments (Pgm+) are established virulence factors. Mutation of Y. pestis to Pgm-
      is known to promote resistance to pesticin (Pstr) and reduced lethality by
      peripheral routes of injection. Vwa+ Pgm- isolates of Y. pestis were shown in
      this study to retain virulence in mice when injected intravenously. Although Pgm-
      in appearance, wild-type cells of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia
      enterocolitica may also be sensitive to pesticin. Pstr mutants of Vwa+ strains of
      these species were similarly of reduced virulence, especially by peripheral
      routes of injection. The consequences of mutation to Vwa- and Pgm- or Pstr on
      growth and persistence in vivo were determined. After intravenous injection, Vwa+
      yersiniae of all species exhibited sustained growth in mouse spleen, liver, and
      lung and accumulated in blood. Septicemia was not observed after similar
      injection of Vwa- mutants which were unable to maintain comparable rates of net
      increase in tissues. Mutation to Pgm- or Pstr did not influence proliferation but
      resulted in enhanced clearance from organs. It is known that reticuloendothelial
      cells serve as favored sites of replication for all wild-type yersiniae. Our
      results are consistent with the hypothesis that the Vwa+ phenotype favors growth
      within macrophages and that the Pgm+ and pesticin-sensitive phenotypes permit
      long-term, probably extracellular, retention within organs. Virulence in standard
      animal models (mice, rats, and guinea pigs) was not correlated with resistance to
      the bactericidal action of serum.

PMID- 6365787
TI  - Resistance to subcutaneous infection with Mycobacterium lepraemurium is
      controlled by more than one gene.
AB  - The resistance of C57BL (high) and BALB/c (low) mice, their F1 hybrids, and the
      offspring derived from backcrosses of the F1 to both parental strains was
      assessed at 20 weeks after subcutaneous infection with 10(7) Mycobacterium
      lepraemurium organisms. The numbers of bacilli recovered from the infected foot
      and draining lymph node indicated that resistance to subcutaneous infection is
      controlled by more than one non-H-2-linked gene of intermediate dominance. In
      general, female mice were more resistant than males.

PMID- 6365788
TI  - Serum resistance encoded by colicin V plasmids in Escherichia coli and its
      relationship to the plasmid transfer system.
AB  - Eight colicin V plasmids were conjugated into a plasmidless Escherichia coli (K
      12) strain that was susceptible to the bactericidal effects of normal rabbit
      serum. The resulting colicin V-positive strains were examined for their capacity
      to resist the lethal effects of serum. Serum resistance was assessed as growth of
      the bacterial strain in medium containing 5% normal rabbit serum inoculated from
      a culture in the early exponential phase. Only three of the eight colicin V
      plasmids were found to confer the serum resistance phenotype on the host strain.
      Derepression of the transfer system was associated with serum resistance in two
      of the plasmids. Two other derepressed plasmids did not confer serum resistance
      on the host bacterium. Therefore, such derepression alone was insufficient to
      produce serum resistance. The factor(s) encoded by colicin V plasmids and
      responsible for the serum resistance of the bacterial strains bearing the
      plasmids was shown to be a property associated with the cell and not an
      extracellular factor excreted into the growth medium.

PMID- 6365789
TI  - Campylobacter jejuni outer membrane proteins are antigenic for humans.
AB  - All Campylobacter jejuni strains have a major outer membrane protein (OMP) that
      migrates between a molecular weight of 41,000 (41K) and 45K and represents more
      than 50% of protein present, plus several more minor bands. Using 125I
      radiolabeled C. jejuni cells in a radioimmunoprecipitation procedure to assess
      whether the OMPs were antigenic, we studied serum from rabbits immunized with C.
      jejuni cells, from humans convalescent after C. jejuni infection, and from
      appropriate controls. In this assay, the major OMP was the major antigen for both
      homologously and heterologously immunized rabbits and infected humans but not for
      controls. Minor bands at 29K and 50K were also antigenic. We tested human and
      animal sera in a Western blot procedure using anti-immunoglobulin A (IgA), anti
      IgG, or anti-IgM conjugates. Homologous and heterologous immune rabbit serum, but
      not control serum, recognized a large number of membrane proteins between 15K and
      91K, including the major OMP. Both Campylobacter spp.-infected and healthy humans
      showed IgA, IgG, and IgM responses to the major OMP, although the response was
      more pronounced in the former group. Sera from infected humans recognized several
      minor bands to a significantly greater extent than control sera did. Our data
      suggest that there is antigenic similarity between the OMPs of different C.
      jejuni strains and that some of these OMPs recognized by infected animals and
      humans have vaccinogenic potential.

PMID- 6365790
TI  - Antibacterial activity and kill kinetics of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid
      combinations against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella aerogenes.
AB  - Combinations of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid were tested against 11
      Escherichia coli strains and five Klebsiella aerogenes strains. Apart from one E.
      coli, the strains were highly resistant to amoxicillin due to beta-lactamase
      production. Synergy was demonstrated in all strains by agar dilution. Synergy was
      detected against the beta-lactamase-producing strains under simulated in vivo
      conditions with constantly decreasing concentrations simulating in vivo
      pharmacokinetics. The correlation between antibacterial activity determined by
      minimum inhibitory concentrations and bacterial kill kinetics in the in vivo
      simulation model was acceptable. A higher bacterial kill rate was observed when
      the antibiotic dosage was increased beyond the minimum concentration where an
      antibacterial effect was seen; this was not demonstrable by traditional agar
      dilution tests. In combination, a greater relative amount of amoxicillin compared
      to clavulanic acid allows a reduction in the total amount of antimicrobial agents
      with the same degree of antibacterial activity.

PMID- 6365791
TI  - Evaluation of a rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IgG antibodies to
      Aspergillus fumigatus in the serological diagnosis of allergic aspergillosis.
AB  - A range of 6 somatic and culture filtrate antigens of Aspergillus fumigatus were
      evaluated in a rapid ELISA procedure for anti-A. fumigatus IgG where the
      component incubation times had been reduced to 10 min. Sera from patients with
      allergic aspergillosis, patients with suspected allergic aspergillosis, and
      asthmatic patients with or without A. fumigatus precipitins were tested. For all
      antigens, levels of anti-A. fumigatus IgG were higher in patients with allergic
      aspergillosis than in the other 3 groups. Low levels of specific IgG were,
      however, detected in asthmatic patients who had no precipitins against A.
      fumigatus. None of the antigen preparations enabled all patients with proven or
      suspected allergic aspergillosis to be separated from the other 2 groups of
      asthmatic patients. Positive-negative discrimination in ELISA was achieved by the
      inclusion of 10 pools of precipitin test-negative sera from the 50 asthmatics
      without A. fumigatus precipitins. The number of sera that were classed as
      positive in ELISA ranged from 9 to 15 in the allergic aspergillosis group,
      depending on the antigen used; in the suspected aspergillosis group, the number
      of positive reactions ranged from 1 to 8, while in the asthmatics with
      precipitins, the number ranged from 0 to 2.

PMID- 6365792
TI  - Bone marrow origin of mucosal mast cells.
AB  - Infection with the intestinal parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis stimulates an
      accumulation of mucosal mast cells (MMC) in the villi of the small intestine of
      normal but not athymic or W/Wv anemic mice. W/Wv mice are congenitally deficient
      in both MMC and skin and connective tissue mast cells (CTMC). Athymic mice have
      normal or elevated numbers of CTMC but are severely deficient in MMC. CTMC derive
      from the bone marrow. To determine the origin of MMC, athymic and W/Wv mice were
      given various hematopoietic or lymphoid tissues from normal littermate or beige
      mice and the MMC response to N. brasiliensis infection was evaluated. The MMC
      defect in athymic mice was repaired by grafts of thymus cells, thymus gland, or
      spleen cells, but not by bone marrow cells or anti-Thy 1-treated bone marrow or
      spleen cells. The MMC and CTMC defects of W/Wv mice were repaired by grafts of
      bone marrow, spleen cells, or anti-Thy 1-treated bone marrow or spleen cells.
      Neither the MMC nor the CTMC defect in W/Wv mice was repaired by grafts of thymus
      cells or thymus glands. These results indicate the following, MMC, like CTMC,
      derive from the bone marrow and not from the thymus. MMC require a thymic
      influence for development. Athymic mice possess bone marrow precursors for both
      MMC and CTMC but lack a thymus-dependent component necessary for MMC development.
      W/Wv mice lack both MMC and CTMC mast cell precursors but possess the thymus
      dependent component required for MMC development.

PMID- 6365793
TI  - Varying presentations of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.
AB  - The diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) may be difficult
      when the major criteria are not present or when the clinical, laboratory, and
      radiographic findings have been altered by prior corticosteroid therapy. However,
      the early diagnosis of ABPA is important because it may lead to the prevention of
      evolution to the corticosteroid-dependent asthma stage (stage IV) or fibrotic
      lung disease stage (stage V). The clinical histories of 3 ABPA patients are
      reviewed to demonstrate that these patients may appear in different stages of
      ABPA and with markedly varied presentations. The high index of suspicion required
      for diagnosis of ABPA deserves emphasis as does the importance of excluding a
      diagnosis of ABPA in all asthmatics with immediate skin reactivity to Aspergillus
      fumigatus.

PMID- 6365794
TI  - Studies on immunity in hybridoma-bearing mice. A. Immune response to antigens. I.
      Role of subcutaneously injected IgE-producing hybridoma on antibody production of
      different isotypes against immunizing antigens.
AB  - When immunized with ovalbumin (OVA), mice bearing subcutaneously injected anti
      dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE-secreting hybridoma cells do not produce anti-OVA IgE
      antibodies as long as anti-DNP IgE is present in abundance in their sera. As soon
      as the titer of anti-DNP IgE antibody falls, anti-OVA IgE antibody appears. This
      inhibition of production of anti-OVA IgE is attributed to Fc epsilon-bearing T
      cells which have a suppressive action of limited duration. Other isotypes of anti
      OVA antibodies are produced in similar amounts as in controls which were
      immunized with OVA but not injected with hybridoma cells.

PMID- 6365795
TI  - Independence of complement on in vitro immune phagocytosis of plasmodium
      falciparum parasitised erythrocytes by human monocytes and polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes.
AB  - Monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes from normal blood donors phagocytosed
      preferentially Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells (IRBC) in presence
      of sera from individuals living in areas endemic for malaria. Total complement or
      factor B heat inactivation of immune or normal serum does not alter opsonic
      activity directed against IRBC.

PMID- 6365796
TI  - Artificial devices for continuous insulin administration: an outlook.

PMID- 6365797
TI  - Changes in circulating immune complexes in tumour patient serum after in vitro or
      ex vivo affinity chromatography of blood plasma or whole blood over
      immunoglobulin-binding staphylococcal protein A-Sepharose.
AB  - Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were determined in tumour patient sera using
      three methods. One is based on PEG-precipitation, one on C1q-reactivity, and one
      on protein A-reactivity. About 25-30% of the sera were positive in at least one
      of the tests. Incubation of serum with protein A-Sepharose in vitro removed PEG
      precipitable CIC from most sera, whereas C1q-reactive CICs had a much lower
      affinity to protein A. The protein A-reactive complexes showed considerable
      variation in their binding to protein A-Sepharose, and in some sera the amount of
      these CICs was actually increased. Similar changes in protein A-reactive CIC were
      also found during ex vivo treatment of tumour patients with immune adsorption. It
      is proposed that the binding of immune complexes to protein A can result in
      remodelling of protein A itself. Results from ultracentrifugation and
      fractionated PEG-precipitation support this hypothesis.

PMID- 6365798
TI  - Synthesis, distribution and catabolism of human plasma proteins in plasma
      exchange.

PMID- 6365799
TI  - Progress in Expert systems.

PMID- 6365800
TI  - The prognostic significance of two epithelial membrane antigens expressed by
      human mammary carcinomas.
AB  - As many patients with mammary carcinoma are now treated by conservative forms of
      surgery, there is a need for prognostic information obtainable from the primary
      tumour alone. One possible source is the antigenic profile of tumour cells. Using
      an indirect immunoperoxidase technique, we stained histological sections of the
      primary tumour from 175 patients with each of two monoclonal antibodies (HMFG-1,
      HMFG-2), raised against milk fat globule membrane antigens known to be preserved
      in formalin-fixed tissues. Sections were assessed by light microscopy as to both
      the overall distribution of antigen expressed and its site in tumour cells. The
      findings were related to relapse-free survival by life-table analysis. The median
      duration of follow-up was 36 months. Two patterns of staining with antibody HMFG
      1 gave information of prognostic significance but staining with HMFG-2 was
      without significance. Complete absence of staining with HMFG-1 in 13 patients was
      associated with an extremely poor prognosis and 10 (77%) of these patients
      developed metastases within 18 months of follow-up (p less than 0.001).
      Extracellular staining (ECS) in 22 patients, however, was associated with a
      favourable prognosis. As assessed by a semi-quantitative method, only one patient
      (5%) demonstrating a high level of ECS developed metastases (p less than 0,004).
      These two patterns were analysed for a relationship to other prognostic
      indicators. Absence of staining was independent of histological grade, tumour
      size, axillary lymph node status and menopausal status. ECS was associated with
      low histological grade although this relationship was not absolute. In addition
      to their use in diagnosis, we conclude that monoclonal antibodies such as HMFG-1
      may be useful as prognostic indicators.

PMID- 6365801
TI  - Reduced levels of fibronectin in ataxia-telangiectasia lymphoblastoid cells.
AB  - In this study Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cells were shown to
      contain fibronectin. A marked difference in the number of fibronectin-positive
      cells was observed in control and ataxia-telangiectasia lymphoblastoid cells.
      Three control cell lines varied between 60% and 80% in the number of cells
      containing fibronectin. Only a small percentage of ataxia-telangiectasia cells (1
      5%) had fibronectin present. Control and ataxia-telangiectasia fibroblasts had
      similar amounts and distributions of fibronectin. An asymmetric distribution of
      fibronectin was evident in many control and ataxia-telangiectasia lymphoblastoid
      cells. The increased frequency of fibronectin-containing cells in the control
      populations cannot be accounted for by different growth rates or variation in the
      various phases of the cell cycle in the two cell types.

PMID- 6365802
TI  - Identification of a surface antigen, common to murine lung and Lewis lung
      carcinoma, by monoclonal antibody.
AB  - Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) is a spontaneous murine lung carcinoma which
      preferentially metastasizes into the lung. Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) against
      3LL cells were prepared by fusing spleen cells from rats immunized with 3LL and
      the P3-NSI/I-Ag4 (NSI) plasmacytoma. Two hybridomas were selected which secreted
      antibodies capable of preferential binding to 3LL cells and not to other
      malignant cells. Immunohistochemical staining of sections prepared from various
      mouse organs with one of the MAbs (22.2), revealed exclusive staining of the lung
      tissue. The data suggest that a lung-specific, 3 LL-associated antigen, is
      detected by the 22.2 MAb on 3LL cells. The 22.2 antigen is a surface molecule,
      and is stable following trypsin treatment and fixation by glutaraldehyde or
      picric acid. Cells that were prepared from a subcutaneous tumor or from lung
      metastases express high amounts of 22.2 antigen compared to cells of the culture
      3LL line (3LLC). Upon reinoculation of 3LLC cells into mice there was a gradual
      increase in 22.2 antigen expression. It was possible to select from the
      heterogeneous 3LLC cell population several clones which express high amounts of
      antigen. These clones differed also in their metastatic patterns. However, the
      metastatic capacity of these clones did not correlate with expression of the 22.2
      antigen. Thus, it appears that expression of the 22.2 antigen is not a necessary
      condition for formation of lung metastases by 3LL.

PMID- 6365803
TI  - Efficacy of once daily penbutolol in chronic stable angina. An objective
      comparison with long-acting propranolol.
AB  - The effects of penbutolol (40 mg daily) and long-acting propranolol (160 mg
      daily) were assessed in 26 patients with chronic stable angina in a placebo
      controlled randomised double-blind crossover study with 2-weekly treatment
      periods. In addition to conventional subjective assessment, serial multistage
      treadmill exercise was used to obtain objective data on drug efficacy and 24-hr
      ambulatory electrocardiography performed for diurnal heart rate analysis. The
      mean exercise time of 6.3 +/- 0.5 (SEM) min on placebo increased to 7.3 +/- 0.6
      min on penbutolol (P less than 0.01) and to 7.9 +/- 0.5 min on propranolol (P
      less than 0.001). The pre-exercise resting heart rate was 73 +/- 2 beats/min on
      placebo and decreased to 63 +/- 2 beats/min on penbutolol (P less than 0.001) and
      58 +/- 2 beats/min on propranolol (P less than 0.001). The maximum exercise heart
      rate was similarly reduced by both drugs and there was a corresponding reduction
      in peak exercise double product. The time-corrected maximum ST segment depression
      was reduced by both drugs and neither produced a delay in ST segment recovery.
      Both drugs effected significant reductions in ambulatory maximum hourly heart
      rates throughout 24 hr. The lowest observed heart rate on penbutolol was 40
      beats/min and 34 beats/min on propranolol. Penbutolol is an effective antianginal
      agent with a profile of action similar to that of propranolol.

PMID- 6365804
TI  - Decreased removal of triglycerides from the blood--a mechanism for the
      hypertriglyceridemia in male patients with coronary artery disease.
AB  - We determined serum apolipoprotein A I and A II concentrations and triglyceride
      and cholesterol concentrations in serum lipoprotein density classes in 28 male
      patients with severe ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and with angiographically
      verified coronary artery disease (CAD) and in age-matched controls. Both
      triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations in very low density lipoproteins and
      in low density lipoproteins were higher in IHD-patients than in the controls. The
      triglyceride but not the cholesterol concentration in serum was higher in IHD
      patients than in the controls. The cholesterol in high density lipoproteins and
      the serum apolipoprotein A I concentration were lower in IHD-patients than in the
      controls. At least in part the higher triglyceride concentration in very low
      density lipoproteins could be attributed to a decreased removal of triglycerides
      from the blood since the fractional removal rate of an i.v. injected artificial
      triglyceride emulsion (Intralipid) was slower in IHD-patients than in the
      controls.

PMID- 6365805
TI  - From academia to private practice, or the maturation of a physician.

PMID- 6365806
TI  - Transplacental permeability of 125I-sfericase in mice.
AB  - 125I-sfericase was administered intravenously into the tail vein of mice on day
      20 of gestation at a dose of 1 mg/kg as sfericase. The penetrability of sfericase
      into the placenta, radioactivity levels, and precipitable high molecular 125I
      treated with TCA were measured in maternal blood and plasma and fetal homogenates
      collected at 20 and 90 min after i.v. injection. The radioactivity level in
      fetuses was considerably lower than that in dams at 20 min but almost comparable
      to that of dams at 90 min, indicating considerably good penetrability of the
      radioactivity into the placenta. However, after treatment with TCA, the content
      of high molecular 125I in fetuses was considerably lower than that in maternal
      blood. These results suggested that high molecular 125I degraded into a low
      molecular fraction while passing the placenta to reach the fetus.

PMID- 6365807
TI  - Gastrointestinal absorption of sfericase.
AB  - The gastrointestinal absorption of sfericase was determined using rabbits. Serum
      sfericase level was measured by ATNE of a specific substrate. The addition of
      anti-sfericase antibody resulted in pronounced decrease in ATNE-hydrolyzing
      activity of sfericase, so that the hydrolyzing activity in serum was confirmed to
      be due to sfericase. Although a great individual difference was observed, the
      absorption rates of sfericase following intraduodenal administration of sfericase
      powder at dosages of 10 mg/kg (n = 4), 20 mg/kg (n = 4), and 100 mg/kg (n = 1)
      dissolved in physiologic saline were 0.380%, 0.267%, and 0.706%, respectively.
      When a single dose of sfericase enteric granules (sfericase content was 36.8%)
      was given orally at dosages of 250 mg, 500 mg, and 1 g (two animals were used for
      each dose level), a measurable amount of sfericase appeared in the serum 0.5-1 h
      after administration. The same enteric granules were given at a dosage of 1
      g/animal/day for 10 days or at 250 mg/animal/day for 20 days continuously to
      determine changes in the gastrointestinal absorption rate. Continued
      administration of sfericase had no influence on its gastrointestinal absorption.

PMID- 6365808
TI  - Comparison of sustained-release and standard preparations of clonidine in
      essential hypertension.
AB  - The antihypertensive drug, clonidine, was administered to 18 patients, 8 females
      and 10 males, with WHO grade I-II essential hypertension in two forms, either as
      sustained-release depot capsule of 250 micrograms once daily or as standard
      clonidine preparation, 150 micrograms twice daily. The two drug forms were
      administered for 2 months each, in a double-blind, crossover outpatient study.
      Both preparations were equally effective in reducing blood pressure. The depot
      form of clonidine was preferred by the patients because of fewer side effects,
      which included sedation and dry mouth. The antihypertensive effect of clonidine
      was unrelated to pretreatment plasma renin activity. Depot forms of clonidine
      appear to offer the advantages of once-daily dosing and fewer side effects than
      standard clonidine preparations.

PMID- 6365809
TI  - Clinical effects of proteinase, sfericase (AI-794), on chronic bronchitis and
      similar diseases.
AB  - The clinical effect and utility of sfericase was compared with an inactive
      placebo by a double-blind method in three groups of a total 109 patients
      suffering from chronic respiratory diseases who had complained of difficult
      expectoration of sputum. A significantly greater improvement of expectoration was
      obtained in Group A-1 (6 tablets/day). Also in group A-1, more cases showed
      subjective and objective improvement, i.e., improvement in expectoration,
      reduction in coughs, decrease in the amount of sputum, and disappearance of
      rales. However, the sputum and its degree of purulency remained unchanged in most
      cases in all three groups. Side effects were few. The clinical efficacy of
      sfericase in the group with 2 tablets, 3X/day (total daily dose of 6 tablets) was
      shown to be significantly superior to the other two groups. This dosage was
      established as the optimal dose for treating difficulty in expectoration.

PMID- 6365810
TI  - The absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of 125I-labeled sfericase
      in rats.
AB  - 125I-sfericase was given orally, intravenously, or intraduodenally to rats. In
      vivo behavior of radioactivity was investigated to determine absorption,
      distribution, metabolism, and excretion of sfericase. Moreover, the effects of
      TCA treatment and dialysis on the ratio of radioactivities in high molecular
      fractions were also studied. Following oral administration (about 10
      microCi/rat), the blood radioactivity level peaked at 1-2 h and then rapidly
      decreased. The cumulative percentages of radioactivities in lymphatic fluid,
      urine, and feces within the first 24 h were 5.85%, 9.17%, and 2.56% (mean),
      respectively. Relatively high organ tissue levels of radioactivity were recorded
      for the thyroid gland, stomach, cecum, kidney, blood, and lung at 2 h, but in all
      except the thyroid gland a remarkable decrease in radioactivity was observed at
      24 h after administration. Totals of 0.66%, 1.91%, 0.869%, and 2.36% (mean),
      respectively, of the radioactivity found in whole plasma and homogenates of
      liver, kidney, and spleen were transferred into the TCA precipitable fraction.
      These rates of transference were lower than those observed after iv
      administration (about 5 microCi/rat).

PMID- 6365812
TI  - Comparison of gastrointestinal blood loss induced by cloximate in two
      formulations and by naproxen.
AB  - In a double-blind baseline controlled crossover trial gastrointestinal blood loss
      induced by cloximate in two different formulations (enteric-coated and non
      enteric coated) was compared with naproxen. Gastrointestinal blood loss increased
      more in the naproxen group (0.41 ml/24 h) than in the group treated with non
      enteric coated cloximate. The group treated with coated cloximate had a higher
      mean increase in gastrointestinal blood loss (0.36 ml/24 h) compared with placebo
      than those treated with non-coated cloximate.

PMID- 6365811
TI  - Clinical results of sfericase (AI-794) in chronic parasinusitis.
AB  - Forty patients with chronic sinusitis were treated orally with sfericase tablets
      (each tablet = 10,000 units), a proteolytic enzyme preparation, at a daily dosage
      of six tablets for adults and three tablets for children in three divided doses
      after each main meal for 4 weeks. As regards subjective symptoms, very favorable
      results were obtained after 4-week treatment with sfericase as evidenced by an
      efficacy rate of 81.6% for postnasal rhinorrhea, 66.7% for rhinorrhea, and 43.6%
      for nasal obstruction. However, with respect to objective symptoms, the efficacy
      rate was 28.9% for redness and 30.8% for swelling of the nasal mucosa, with a
      somewhat lower rate than that obtained for subjective symptoms. According to the
      patient's and physician's global assessments, sfericase was effective in 65 and
      57.5% of the cases. None of the cases showed undesirable reactions to sfericase.

PMID- 6365813
TI  - Pemphigus vegetans. Neumann type and Hallopeau type.
AB  - Two cases of pemphigus vegetans are presented, one of the Neumann type and one of
      the Hallopeau type. The differences between the two subsets are clinical
      presentation and course. Patients with the Hallopeau type often have a relatively
      benign disease, require lower doses of systemic corticosteroids, and usually have
      a prolonged remission. Patients with the Neumann type have a course similar to
      pemphigus vulgaris, need higher doses of systemic corticosteroids, and have
      relapses and remissions. The histologic findings in the vegetating lesions are
      similar in both types. The immunopathologic features of both types are
      indistinguishable and similar to pemphigus vulgaris. IgM staining of eosinophilic
      microabscesses was observed in one case.

PMID- 6365814
TI  - Conformational properties of the pentapeptide fragment [32-36] of the thymic
      hormone thymopoietin.
AB  - The conformational energy for the pentapeptide Arg-Lys-Asp-Val-Tyr (TP5) is
      calculated using empirical potential functions. Calculation of the local
      interactions for each independent residue gives a local energy term for which the
      probabilities as a function of phi, psi are plotted on Ramachandran-type maps.
      The interaction energy between residues is calculated only for these points in
      the maps with maximum probability. The most probable conformation for TP5 is
      found to have an extended backbone arrangement having the Arg and Tyr sidechains
      folded over the backbone. 13C n.m.r. spin lattice relaxation time measurements
      show no increase in T1 of the alpha-carbons at the first and terminal amino
      acids. The increase in T1 along the sidechain as found for Lys does not occur for
      Arg and Tyr. These signs of reduced mobility are consistent with a set of folded
      conformations in which the Arg and Tyr sidechains have hindered internal
      rotations. The vicinal NH-C alpha H couplings agree well with those calculated
      for the most probable conformer. This is not so for the C alpha H-C beta H
      couplings. These data are consistent with previous n.m.r. and structure activity
      studies.

PMID- 6365815
TI  - Influence of synthetic peptide inhibitors on the thermal stability of thermitase,
      a serine proteinase from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris.
AB  - The influence of chloromethyl ketones and methyl ketones of N-acylated peptides
      on the thermal denaturation of thermitase was investigated in the presence and
      the absence of calcium ions. The chloromethyl ketone derivatives are known to
      react irreversibly with the enzyme, whereas the corresponding methyl ketones are
      reversible inhibitors. Both groups of inhibitors offer a broad variety of
      affinity constants. The irreversible inhibition of thermitase causes a marked
      stabilization against thermal denaturation. On the other hand, the enzyme
      stability is not influenced by the binding of reversible inhibitors. The
      stabilizing effect of calcium ions is not dependent on the inhibitor binding. The
      importance of bivalent interaction (bridge formation) in the active site region
      of the enzyme for its thermal stability is discussed.

PMID- 6365816
TI  - Sensitization of Escherichia coli B/r to X-irradiation by 2'-chloro-2'
      deoxythymidine.
AB  - The sensitizing effect of 2'Cl-TdR has been investigated from the viewpoint of
      the formation of free radicals at the C-2' position of 2'Cl-TdR when reacted with
      hydrated electrons. E. coli B/r cells were incubated in growth medium containing
      2'Cl-TdR. Centrifugation experiments using CsCl equilibrium density gradients
      were carried out to confirm the incorporation of 2'Cl-TdR into DNA of the cells.
      The sedimentation profiles of DNA from cells grown in a medium containing 2'Cl
      TdR were found at relatively heavier density positions in comparison with those
      of DNA from control cells. This result confirms that 2'Cl-TdR was incorporated
      into DNA. E. coli B/r cells which incorporated 2'Cl-TdR were more sensitive than
      the control cells for killing by X-irradiation under aerobic conditions. On the
      other hand, no difference in U.V.-inactivation curves between the cells grown in
      growth medium containing 2'Cl-TdR and the control cells was observed. From
      experiments using alkaline sucrose density gradient centrifugation, an increase
      in the frequency of radiation-induced single strand breaks of E. coli DNA
      containing 2'Cl-TdR was observed, compared with those of DNA from control cells.
      These results reveal that the sensitization of 2'Cl-TdR originates from an
      increase of damage at the sugar moiety in DNA.

PMID- 6365817
TI  - Degradation of Escherichia coli DNA synthesized after ultraviolet irradiation in
      the absence of repair.
AB  - DNA degradation in Escherichia coli uvrA recA bacteria exposed to a low dose
      (0.07 J/m2) of ultraviolet radiation was studied. A considerable amount of the
      newly-synthesized DNA, which contains gaps opposite pyrimidine dimers, is broken
      down. In contrast, parental, dimer-containing DNA is resistant to radiation
      induced degradation.

PMID- 6365818
TI  - The behavioral effects of lesions of the hippocampus: a review.
AB  - Many investigations have been conducted in an effort to deduce the nature of
      hippocampal function. This paper is an overview of the work done by several
      researchers in their attempt to find the possible connections between overt
      behaviors and hippocampal structures in the rat.

PMID- 6365819
TI  - An outbreak of gentamicin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: analysis of control
      measures.
AB  - In April 1978, a strain of gentamicin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (GRK) was
      introduced into the neonatal intensive care unit of Henry Ford Hospital. An
      additional ten cases of GRK occurred over the subsequent 16 months and intestinal
      colonization occurred in up to 91% of admissions per month. All GRK were
      susceptible to amikacin and were capsular serotype 19. Though hand contamination
      of hospital personnel with GRK was documented, increased handwashing practices
      did not reduce colonization rates of neonates with the epidemic strain.
      Intestinal carriage persisted for up to ten months and could not be eradicated by
      administering oral colistin sulfate. Discontinuation of gentamicin and
      utilization of amikacin were associated with a significant reduction in
      colonization with GRK (p less than 0.05). However, the only control measure that
      prevented both new cases and colonization with the epidemic strain was the
      utilization of a strict cohort system.

PMID- 6365821
TI  - The no-reflow phenomenon in ischemic myocardium.

PMID- 6365820
TI  - Fine structural basis of pulmonary surfactant.

PMID- 6365822
TI  - Surface antigens as markers of mouse macrophage differentiation.

PMID- 6365823
TI  - Tumor implantation and invasion at metastatic sites.

PMID- 6365824
TI  - Extracellular matrices in the developing avian eye: type V collagen in corneal
      and noncorneal tissues.
AB  - We have used immunofluorescence histochemistry to examine the temporal and
      spatial deposition of type V collagen in the extracellular matrices of the
      developing chick cornea and other selected ocular structures. Tissue sections
      from animals ranging in age from 4-day-old embryos to 1-day post-hatching were
      examined by indirect immunofluorescence employing monoclonal antibodies specific
      for conformational dependent sites in this molecule. In eyes from embryos younger
      than 6 days of development, no type V staining could be detected. Thus, the
      epithelially derived primary corneal stroma, which is already well formed at this
      time, contains little if any of this molecule. Its appearance was concomitant
      with the physical swelling of the primary stroma and invasion of pericorneal
      mesenchymal cells. Staining was initially localized in the anterior cornea;
      subsequently, all corneal matrices showed intense reactions, including the stroma
      proper and Bowman's and Descemet's membranes. In adjacent noncorneal tissues, the
      appearance of type V collagen occurred later in development. In some of these,
      such as in the ciliary body, the pattern of acquisition involved initial
      deposition at an epithelial-mesenchymal interface with subsequent progression of
      fibrous strands out into the surrounding mesenchymal tissue. Eventually, all
      ocular structures with a dense connective tissue component showed staining, but
      the intensity was appreciably less than that within the cornea. We have
      previously reported that in all mature tissues except Bowman's membrane, type V
      collagen is present in an "antigenically masked" form, and that unmasking can be
      achieved by pretreatment of the tissue sections with dilute acetic acid.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6365825
TI  - On presentation of the Proctor Award in Ophthalmology to Abraham Spector.
      Introduction of the Proctor Medal for 1983.

PMID- 6365826
TI  - Conjunctival-associated lymphoid tissue: evidence for a role in the secretory
      immune system.
AB  - A specialized lymphoid tissue in rabbit conjunctiva was studied by various
      histologic and immunologic techniques and compared with similar structures along
      other mucosal surfaces. The flattened conjunctival lymphoepithelium overlying the
      lymphoid follicles was devoid of goblet cells. This lack of goblet cells is
      characteristic of epithelium overlying similar lymphoid collections in gut and
      bronchus. The lymphoid follicles demonstrated neither intra- nor extracellular
      immunoglobulin, and the lymphocytes in these follicles were composed of B-cells
      and T-cells, when studied by various immunologic techniques. A high proportion of
      these lymphocytes showed surface immunoglobulin A (IgA), and a high proportion of
      IgA precursors were determined by pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulation in 4-day
      cultures. The morphologic and immunologic results are similar to those obtained
      from gut and bronchus, tissues known to disseminate lymphoid cells to other
      mucosal sites already committed to antigen and IgA isotype. It is speculated that
      conjunctival associated lymphoid tissue of rabbit is part of a generalized system
      of secretory immunity capable of sampling conjunctival applied antigen, and then
      disseminating cells committed to IgA antibody production to other mucosal sites.

PMID- 6365827
TI  - Immediate hypersensitivity in the guinea pig conjunctiva intravitreal and topical
      sensitization.
AB  - The right eyes of guinea pigs were injected with 1.5 mg sterile ovalbumin. Two
      months later, one drop of ovalbumin (approximately 0.6 mg) was applied to the
      conjunctiva of both eyes. All challenged eyes developed an immediate
      hypersensitivity reaction within 5 min. The reaction subsided within 2 hrs.
      Prechallenge antibody titers, as determined by passive hemagglutination, passive
      cutaneous anaphylaxis, and by an ELISA test were low. Titers rose rapidly after
      two conjunctival applications at weekly intervals. The hypersensitivity reaction
      was elicited each time antigen was applied to the conjunctiva of the
      intravitreally sensitized guinea pigs. Control guinea pigs received weekly
      conjunctival application of ovalbumin, without prior intravitreal sensitization.
      Most animals developed an immediate hypersensitivity reaction following the
      fourth application of the antigen. There was no detectable hemagglutinating or
      ELISA (IgG1, IgG2) antibody at the time the conjunctival reaction was first
      elicited. These experiments demonstrated that high circulating IgG1 or IgG2
      antibody is apparently not necessary to initiate an immediate hypersensitivity
      reaction in the guinea pig conjunctiva. The authors also demonstrated that weekly
      topical application of ovalbumin sensitized guinea pigs for immediate
      hypersensitivity.

PMID- 6365828
TI  - Direct and indirect determination of nonuniform cell density distribution in
      human corneal endothelium.
AB  - The density distribution of endothelial cells was determined, directly and
      indirectly, by counting cells and cell nuclei in two separate groups of unpaired
      human corneas. Four areas, measuring 1 square mm each, were counted in the
      corneal center as well as in the periphery close to Schwalbe's line. In 19 Orcein
      stained corneas, the peripheral density of nuclei was 3632/mm2 +/- 592 (SD) as
      compared with central counts of 2778 mm2 +/- 284 (SD). The other group of 22
      corneas, stained supravitally with Alizarin-red revealed a peripheral cell
      density of 3696/mm2 +/- 721 (SD), in contrast with a central density of 2811/mm2
      +/- 425 (SD). There was also an uneven density distribution in the central
      endothelium. The average difference between the highest and lowest central square
      millimeter counts in the two groups was 8.0 +/- 7.7% (SD) and 9.0 +/- 3.6% (SD),
      respectively. The data indicate a nonuniform endothelial cell density
      distribution in the human cornea that may have clinical implications.

PMID- 6365829
TI  - On presentation of the Friedenwald Award in ophthalmology to Christina Enroth
      Cugell and John G. Robson. Introduction of the Jonas Stein Friedenwald Award for
      1983.

PMID- 6365830
TI  - Replication and serial passage of a singly enveloped baculovirus of Orgyia
      leucostigma in homologous cell lines.
AB  - A singly enveloped nuclear polyhedrosis virus (SNPV) of the white-marked tussock
      moth, Orgyia leucostigma, was successfully grown in four continuous cell lines
      developed from minced neonate larvae of this insect. Level of infection in two
      cell lines, IPRI-OL-12 and IPRI-OL-13, was 65-90%, but in the other two, IPRI-OL
      4 and IPRI-OL-9, it was about 3%. Polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIBs) appeared in
      the nuclei of cells within 24 h postinoculation. Cytopathological changes and
      morphogenesis of the virus, as revealed by light and electron microscopy, were in
      general typical of an SNPV. However, some of the PIBs contained very few virions,
      and some were fractured. Rate zonal centrifugation of alkali-released occluded
      virions further confirmed the singly enveloped characteristics of the virus. The
      SNPV was serially passaged 60 times each in OL-12 and OL-13 cells. Percentage
      infected cells and PIB production stayed generally high throughout serial
      passaging in OL-13 cells, but declined sharply after the 41st passage in OL-12
      cells. PIBs from the 4th passage of the virus in OL-12 cells were tested and
      found to be pathogenic to O. leucostigma larvae.

PMID- 6365831
TI  - Medical achievements this century--high technology or community health approach.

PMID- 6365832
TI  - A controlled study of prolonged study with semi-synthetic human insulin.

PMID- 6365833
TI  - Cardiac constriction due to malignant disease of the pericardium.

PMID- 6365835
TI  - Henry Maunsell (1806 - 1879): an early community physician.

PMID- 6365834
TI  - Complications of maternal spina bifida.

PMID- 6365836
TI  - Up-date in gastro-intestinal imaging.

PMID- 6365837
TI  - "Death is a social disease: public health and political economy in early
      industrial France." By William Coleman. Essay Review.

PMID- 6365838
TI  - A controlled study of group therapy in essential hypertension.
AB  - Seventy-eight patients with essential hypertension participated in a controlled
      study of group therapy (GT). They were alternately assigned alphabetically to
      receive GT (48 patients) and to a control group (30 patients). The therapy was
      aimed at changing some of the patients' coping mechanisms. In both groups,
      patients continued to take the same dose of antihypertensive medications that
      they had been taking previously. At the end of 6 months, eight patients had
      dropped out of the GT group. In the GT group there was a fall in systolic blood
      pressure of 20.9 +/- 13.1 and in diastolic pressure of 12.8 +/- 6.3 mm Hg (mean
      +/- SD, P less than 0.01), while in the control group there was no significant
      change in blood pressure. In neither group was there a significant change in
      weight. Follow-up 3 months and 1 year after group therapy showed that the effect
      of the therapy persisted in most patients.

PMID- 6365839
TI  - The Moshe Prywes lecture in medical education. Medical education--a Jewish
      perspective.

PMID- 6365840
TI  - Factors influencing the outcome of sequential renal transplants.
AB  - Of 181 kidney transplantations performed on 151 patients in our center during the
      years 1971-82, 34 were retransplantations performed on 26 patients with follow-up
      periods ranging from 1 month to 10 years. One-year actuarial patient survival was
      77.2% (82 of 122) for first cadaveric-graft recipients, 95.8% (21 of 26) for
      second- and 100% (6 of 6) for third-graft recipients. One-year actuarial graft
      survival was 44.5% (52 of 122) for first cadaveric grafts, 40.8% (10 of 26) for
      second grafts and 67% (4 of 6) for third grafts. Age, sex and blood group of the
      recipients did not seem to influence second-graft survival, nor did cumulative
      duration of hemodialysis and cold ischemic time. A beneficial influence, although
      not statistically significant, was noted by a longer first-graft survival time,
      better HLA matching and shorter total warm ischemic time. Retransplantation
      within 2 months after loss of the first graft and/or the absence of cytotoxic
      antibodies was found to have a statistically significant beneficial influence.

PMID- 6365841
TI  - The influence of phytate and citrate on the gastrointestinal uptake of plutonium
      by rats.

PMID- 6365842
TI  - The loss of hospitals serving the poor.

PMID- 6365843
TI  - The scientific basis for critical care nursing practice: 1972 to 1982.

PMID- 6365844
TI  - [Infectious diarrhea in childhood].
AB  - The present review summarizes the actual knowledge of infectious diarrhea in the
      pediatric age group. Main emphasis is placed on discussion of pathogenesis,
      etiology and therapy. Own data on etiology and clinical presentation of diarrhea
      in hospitalized children, so far not available from Switzerland, are presented
      and compared with results from other centres.

PMID- 6365845
TI  - [Mortality of rare purulent meningitis, (Staphylococcus, Listeria Pseudomonas,
      Proteus, Klebsiella, E. coli, Salmonella). An epidemiologic study using the
      literature from the last 30 years].
AB  - 3056 cases of purulent meningitis caused by seven rare microorganisms
      (Staphylococci, Listeria, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella, E. coli, Salmonella)
      were collected from the West European and North American literature of the last
      30 years. The average lethality has been calculated for the periods ranging from
      1948 to 1962 and from 1963 to 1979 in order to compare the results due to the use
      of penicillin and older antibiotics with those accomplished with ampicillin and
      the aminoglycosides. After 1963 the death-rate of each type of meningitis
      decreased considerably (except for Salmonella meningitis): the lethality of the
      whole group fell from 48% to 33%, in the subgroup of gram-negative meningitis
      from 55% to 38%, and in the group of neonatal gram-negative meningitis from 67%
      to 52%. The best results were seen in Proteus meningitis where lethality
      decreased from 55% to 15%. In E. coli meningitis there was a reduction from 60%
      to 43% only. Using the chi-square test all these differences were highly
      significant (p less than 0.001).

PMID- 6365846
TI  - Effect of hydrocortisone on intravenous glucose tolerance in small-for
      gestational-age infants.
AB  - The effects of hydrocortisone (H) hemisuccinate (10 mg/kg) on intravenous glucose
      tolerance (1 g/kg) was studied in eight full term small-for-gestational-age (SGA)
      infants and compared to seven control infants at mean age of 41 h. After H, the
      rate of glucose disappearance was (mean +/- SD) 0.92 +/- 0.27 vs 1.24 +/- 0.31%
      min in controls (p less than 0.01). Glucose space was similar after H: 449 +/- 62
      ml/kg and in the control group 468 +/- 75 ml/kg. At 5 and 15 min, although higher
      in the H group, mean plasma glucose was not significantly different. The
      difference became significant at 30 min (t = 2.00; p = 0.05), 45 (t = 2.298; p
      less than 0.05) and 60 min (t = 2.48; p less than 0.02). Plasma insulin
      concentration did not change after glucose injection in the control group. After
      H administration, plasma insulin increased: the basal median value was less than
      5 mU/ml (range less than 5-18) and at 60 min it rose to 30 mU/ml (range 7.5-89).
      These data suggest that in newborn infants corticoids induce a reduced peripheral
      uptake of glucose independent of insulin secretion.

PMID- 6365847
TI  - [Spinal hemangioblastoma in infants with dysraphic malformation of the CNS].
AB  - Spinal hemangioblastoma in early infancy is an extreme rarity. In the case
      presented here such a hamartomatous tumor is combined with dysraphic malformation
      of the CNS in a male infant aged seven months. The morphological, epidemiological
      and clinical aspects are discussed with special reference to the possibility of
      congenital occurrence.

PMID- 6365848
TI  - Pneumatosis intestinalis in childhood leukaemia. Report of a case with gas in the
      portal vein and review of the literature.
AB  - A case of pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) with gas in the portal vein, in an 8
      month-old infant with acute lymphatic leukaemia and perforation of the terminal
      ileum is reported. The 19 previously published cases of PI in pediatric patients
      with leukaemia are reviewed. The clinical picture and the pathogenetic hypotheses
      of PI are discussed.

PMID- 6365849
TI  - Efficacy of a riboflavin supplement given at fortnightly intervals to pregnant
      and lactating women in rural Gambia.
AB  - Thirty-seven women living in two rural Gambian villages, who were either pregnant
      or lactating at the outset of the study, received a tablet containing 15 mg
      riboflavin, or a placebo, at fortnightly intervals for 10 weeks at a time of year
      when riboflavin status was deteriorating. Clinical assessments were carried out
      once a week, with particular attention to signs and symptoms of riboflavin
      deficiency, and blood samples were taken at the beginning of the study and after
      4 and 10 weeks supplementation for the assessment of riboflavin status by the
      activation coefficient of erythrocyte glutathione reductase. The overall
      incidence of lingual papillary atrophy increased significantly during the course
      of the study, but the increase was significantly smaller in the supplemented than
      in the placebo group. More complaints of sore mouths were encountered in the
      placebo group. Biochemical evidence of deficiency was very marked at the outset,
      and showed some improvement after supplementation, but values within the normal
      range were not achieved. It is concluded that a riboflavin supplement given at
      spaced intervals can be clinically beneficial, despite failure to achieve normal
      biochemical indices. This may have practical implications for intervention
      programmes.

PMID- 6365850
TI  - Enkephalin immunoreactivity in iris nerves: distribution in normal and grafted
      irides, persistence and enhanced fluorescence after denervations.
AB  - The morphology and distribution of nerve fibers showing enkephalin-like
      immunoreactivity was studied in rat and mouse iris whole mounts. In adult rat, a
      relatively dense network of varicose fibers was seen throughout the iris.
      Individual, long, usually smooth fibers were observed running together with non
      fluorescent fibers in bundles. Positive nerve fibers were also seen in the
      ciliary body and the choroid membrane. The fluorescence intensity was normally
      low. No enkephalin-positive fibers were detected in adult mouse iris. Extirpation
      or lesioning either one or all the three ganglia known to supply the rat iris
      with nerve fibers, the superior cervical, the ciliary and the trigeminal ganglia,
      caused no detectable decrease in amount of enkephalin-positive fibers. However,
      in irides grafted to the anterior eye chamber of adult recipients, no enkephalin
      positive fibers could be observed 2-12 days postoperatively, strongly suggesting
      that degeneration of these fibers had occurred. When iris grafts were left longer
      in the eye, nerve fibers with enkephalin-like immunoreactivity reappeared. An
      increased fluorescence intensity was observed both in the ipsilateral and
      contralateral iris following extirpation or lesioning all three ganglia and in
      the ipsilateral iris after extirpation of the ciliary ganglion. Three days after
      a systemic injection of capsaicin, which causes a permanent disappearance of
      substance P fibers, the same phenomenon was often observed. This raises the
      possibility of an interaction between the enkephalin-positive and the substance P
      fiber systems in the iris.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6365851
TI  - Immunocytochemical studies on differentiation of the thyroid gland in rabbit
      fetuses and chick embryos.
AB  - The morphogenesis of the thyroid gland in rabbit fetuses and chick embryos was
      investigated using the PAS stain and an immunoperoxidase method with anti-19S
      thyroglobulin antiserum. In rabbit fetuses, the reaction for precursor components
      was firstly detected in the apical portions of follicular cells, arranged in
      clusters but not yet forming follicles, at 16 days of gestation. Although the
      first primordial follicles storing colloid droplets were observed on day 18, a
      drastic increase of follicle formation, the true onset of thyroid function, did
      not occur until day 22. The colloid in primordial follicles revealed very strong
      immunoreactivity for 19S-thyroglobulin. The follicles gradually increased in size
      with age. At 25 days of gestation the cytoplasm of follicular cells was stained
      densely by slightly diluted 19S-thyroglobulin antiserum, whereas the colloid was
      stained with highly diluted antiserum; these immunoreactions of follicular cells
      and colloid were comparable to those of postnatal animals. In chick embryos,
      significant numbers of primordial follicles were observed throughout the whole
      thyroid parenchyma at 9 days of incubation. On day 12, the follicles stored more
      PAS-positive and immunoreactive colloid. At 14 days of incubation follicles with
      enlarged follicular lumina, having an immunoreactivity similar to mature
      follicles, became increasingly common.

PMID- 6365852
TI  - Sequential appearance of fibronectin and collagen fibres in experimental
      arthritis in rabbits.
AB  - The sequential changes in the presence of fibronectin in the synovial membrane
      during the development of antigen-induced arthritis in rabbits were studied using
      an indirect immunoperoxidase technique on the tissue specimens fixed in
      formaldehyde, embedded in paraffin and pre-treated with pepsin and testicular
      hyaluronidase. The relation to the distribution of fibronectin and connective
      tissue fibres, demonstrated as either argyrophilic or red by van Gieson method,
      was studied. Initial after the induction of the arthritis the synoviocytes became
      increased in size and number. The subsynoviocytial tissue was invaded by
      granulocytes and the number of vessels was increased. Fibronectin in increased
      amount was seen around the lining cells. After 2-4 weeks a markedly reduced
      amount of granulocytes were seen together with an increase in the number of
      macrophages. At this stage, fibronectin was also found together with argyrophilic
      fibres in the subsynoviocytial connective tissue. After 8-13 weeks the synovial
      membrane was found hypertrophic and folded. The lining layer was unchanged, but
      in the subsynoviocytial tissue lymphocytes and plasma cells were more focally
      arranged. At that time fine fibres, stained by the van Gieson method, were
      present together with fibronectin and argyrophilic fibres in the subsynoviocytial
      tissue. The morphological change and the distribution of fibronectin in
      experimentally induced arthritis correlated temporally to the morphological
      change and the presence of fibronectin found in experimentally induced
      granulation tissue.

PMID- 6365853
TI  - A critical examination of the occurrence of FMRFamide immunoreactivity in the
      brain of guinea pig and rat.
AB  - Several reports (cf. Weber et al. (1981) Science 214:1248-1251) have described
      the extensive occurrence, in rat brain, of material immunologically related to
      the molluscan neuropeptide FMRFamide. We have reexamined these data in guinea pig
      and rat, using six different antisera to FMRFamide. Immunoreactive perikarya and
      fibres were found to be distributed throughout the rodent brain (Table 1). This
      distribution was roughly similar to that found by Weber and coworkers. However,
      solid-phase absorption of the antisera with bovine pancreatic polypeptide, which
      shares an arginine and an amidated aromatic amino acid (RYamide) with FMRFamide,
      showed that staining in most regions could be due to crossreactivity with bovine
      pancreatic polypeptide-like (or neuropeptide Y-like) material. Double-labelling
      experiments with antisera to FMRFamide and bovine pancreatic polypeptide led to
      the same conclusion. The only structures where no apparent crossreactivity
      occurred were perikarya and fibres in the nucleus dorsomedialis, ventromedialis,
      periventricularis and paraventricularis hypothalami and fibres in the area
      lateralis hypothalami, nucleus parabrachialis, substantia grisea centralis
      mesencephali, various parts of the formatio reticularis, and spinal cord. Hence
      only these structures might contain material which is more related to the
      molluscan tetrapeptide.

PMID- 6365855
TI  - The enigma of the Klebsiella connection and ankylosing spondylitis: a commentary.

PMID- 6365854
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) in a well
      characterized endocrine cell of canine duodenal mucosa.
AB  - The polypeptide hormone GIP has been localized ultrastructurally by using
      specific, monoclonal GIP antibodies and an immunogold technique on aldehyde
      osmium fixed specimens of dog duodenal mucosa. A single type of cell showing
      round, homogeneous, fairly osmiophilic granules with closely applied membrane and
      a mean size of 188 nm +/- 34 SD has been identified as the GIP cell.

PMID- 6365856
TI  - Human-human hybrids secreting pneumococcal antibodies.
AB  - Starting with a nonimmunoglobulin producing human myeloma cell line, we have
      constructed a human myeloma "analog" (LSM 2.7) which supports the synthesis and
      secretion of human immunoglobulin in vitro upon fusion with human peripheral
      blood and spleen mononuclear cells. Fusions between LSM 2.7 and spleen cells
      obtained from patients immunized against pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides
      consistently gave rise to hybrids which synthesized and secreted human
      immunoglobulin. In three of ten independent fusions a large proportion of the
      hybrid cultures produced specific pneumococcal antibodies. All three spleens
      which yielded antibody producing hybrids were from patients immunized 3 to 4 days
      prior to staging splenectomy for Hodgkin's disease. Antibody secreting hybrid
      cells ceased producing immunoglobulin 28 to 42 days post fusion. However, fusion
      of a HAT sensitive clone derived from a hybrid which had secreted antibody, with
      peripheral blood mononuclear cells, resulted in reactivation of specific antibody
      secretion.

PMID- 6365857
TI  - The neurobiological basis of lateralized cerebral function. A review.
AB  - The first part of this review considers the empirical findings regarding the
      anatomical asymmetries that may be related to the left hemisphere's dominance for
      language. The review reveals that there are interhemispheric differences in the
      anatomy of the posterior sylvian region and of portions of the inferior frontal
      gyrus. In the second section, difficulties in attributing functional significance
      to these morphological asymmetries are discussed. The third section considers
      anatomical, behavioural and neurochemical asymmetries in animals and their
      relation to problems of human cerebral asymmetry.

PMID- 6365858
TI  - CT scan studies of aphasia.
AB  - CT scan studies of lesion localization in aphasic patients have in general
      confirmed the traditional locus of damage within the left hemisphere for the
      major syndromes. Some interesting exceptions have come to light, such as the
      possible occurrence of global aphasia with a partial lesion (anterior or
      posterior) of the language zone. The study of correlations in vivo has underlined
      the importance of considering time since onset in the evaluation of the clinical
      picture. Description of atypical aphasias associated with subcortical lesions and
      correlation of lesion site with specific, partial aspects of linguistic
      impairment are two areas where CT scan studies are increasing our understanding
      of the language machinery in the brain.

PMID- 6365859
TI  - Serial aspects of language and speech related to prefrontal cortical activity. A
      selective review.
AB  - Language and speech depend basically upon complex serial (i.e., sequential or
      temporally structured) neuronal events (action programs) which enable a
      perception of symbols and a production of meaningful words and sentences with
      adequate syntax and semantic content. There is evidence that action programs for
      speech and language, like other serial programs of the CNS, are handled
      specifically by the prefrontal cortex. Measurements of regional cerebral blood
      flow (rCBF) and metabolic rate (rCMR) support this view. Word perception, speech,
      reading etc. activate circumscribed areas in different patterns both in
      postcentral (afferent) and in precentral/prefrontal (efferent) regions of the
      hemisphere cortices. Most of these patterns show important symmetrical features.
      The classical speech cortices of Wernicke and Broca are not unconditionally
      activated in rCBF measurements during speech reception and production,
      respectively. Upper prefrontal activations are recorded during e.g. serial word
      production and reading, and during word perception lower prefrontal activations
      are seen in addition to postcentral increases of rCBF. A selective activation of
      prefrontal regions only, takes place during serial information processing related
      to cognition and ideation, including inner silent speech. In patients with
      cerebrovascular disorders, organic dementia, Parkinson's disease, and
      schizophrenia, various types of prefrontal (and other) rCBF and rCMR
      abnormalities may be seen. In such states different forms of "aseriality" or
      "dysseriality" (i.e., a defective serial programming) of speech can be
      recognized, which include non-fluent forms of aphasia of the Broca type, the
      hesitant, reduced and sometimes aprosodic speech in organic dementia and
      Parkinson's disease, as well as the peculiar semantic and motor disturbances of
      speech in schizophrenia.

PMID- 6365860
TI  - Eicosanoids and venous thromboembolism.

PMID- 6365861
TI  - Acute leukemia in children: current perspectives.

PMID- 6365862
TI  - Modification of radiation response.
AB  - Response modifiers have been defined and several examples of modification of
      response of tissues of laboratory animals or of theoretical models were
      presented. I have reviewed several efforts to assess the clinical value of
      serveral of the radiation response modifiers and described some major problems. A
      major and quantitatively undefined problem for clinical testing of response
      modifiers is the heterogeneity of clinical material. An area of laboratory and
      clinical investigation which has large potential is examination for indicators of
      response probability so as to identify individual patients who are likely to
      benefit by application of particular radiation response modifiers. There is a
      need for clinical trials to determine if the results of Henk and associates can
      be verified. Had Henk been able to publish such results in 1962 instead of 1977,
      it is virtually certain there would have been considerable effort to verify his
      results and to investigate numerous other sites. Further, there would have been
      greater stimulus to the laboratory to provide means to stratify patients
      according to evidence of hypoxic regions or failure to reoxygenate. Also efforts
      would have been made to increase the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen, e.g.,
      suppression of oxygen utilization. The disappointing results from studies with
      misonidazole should not discourage the testing of new sensitizers of hypoxic
      cells provided they can be administered at drug doses which achieve substantially
      higher ER values. New trials of the pyrimidine analogs against tumor which are
      surrounded by slowly or non-dividing normal tissue appear appropriate. Emphasis
      was placed on the practical clinical value of radiation protectors which can be
      applied topically or administered regionally.

PMID- 6365863
TI  - Role of chemotherapy in the treatment of lung cancer: evolving strategies for non
      small cell histologies.
AB  - Lung cancer treatment has been considered to have made little progress except for
      advances in small cell carcinoma. For other histologies an attitude of nihilism
      has prevailed principally because of lack of effective systemic therapy and of no
      persuasive evidence that results could be improved by combined modality
      treatment. On the other hand, favorable results from surgery are confined to a
      small percent of all patients with this disease. This review emphasizes
      possibilities for progress in evolving new therapeutic strategies. Although
      improvement over other systemic therapies is modest, cisplatin-containing
      regimens yield more consistent response rates and apparent survival advantage
      relative to single agents. Immediate progression occurs in the minority of
      patients. In addition, regimens combining cisplatin with vinca alkaloids have no
      substantial deleterious effects on the lung, marrow or esophagus to aggravate
      radiation-induced complications. These features encourage the evolution of
      strategies which begin with chemotherapy and then use consolidation with
      radiation therapy. Clinical trials using these and newer strategies must be
      instituted if progress is to occur in the treatment of non-small cell histologies
      at all stages.

PMID- 6365864
TI  - Isolation of mastitis pathogens from quarters of cows recently treated with
      antimicrobial agents.
AB  - Milk samples for aerobic culturing were collected from 72 quarters of cows with
      clinical mastitis that had been nonresponsive to antimicrobial intramammary
      treatment. All samples were collected within 24 hours of the most recent
      treatment. Mastitis pathogens were isolated from 56 samples (78%).

PMID- 6365865
TI  - Blood culture of the canine patient.
AB  - Blood for bacteriologic culture was obtained from 581 sick dogs. Of these, 134
      (23%) were considered to have bacteremia. The conditions most frequently
      associated with bacteremia were malignant neoplasms and infections of the
      skeletal, cardiovascular, and urogenital systems. The most frequently isolated
      bacteria were members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and coagulase-positive
      staphylococci, in sum accounting for more than 50% of the 150 isolates. Most of
      the dogs with bacteremia had high proportions of immature neutrophils, segmented
      neutrophils, and monocytes in blood. Dogs with bacteremia and osteomyelitis due
      to staphylococci had normal hemograms. Blood from dogs with bacteremia due to
      gram-negative bacteria was more likely to have a high proportion of immature and
      segmented neutrophil leukocytes than was blood from dogs with bacteremia due to a
      gram-positive species. Toxic neutrophils were observed more often in blood
      obtained from patients with bacteremia due to gram-negative bacteria. The
      development of fever correlated with the bacteremic state regardless of the
      species of bacteria in the blood.

PMID- 6365866
TI  - Vaccine-induced rabies in a cat.

PMID- 6365867
TI  - A new look at pet-facilitated therapy.

PMID- 6365868
TI  - Results of analyses and bacterial cultures of urine specimens obtained from
      clinically normal cats by three methods.
AB  - Six urine specimens were obtained from each of 6 male and 6 female cats in a 3
      week period. The first and last specimens from each cat were obtained by
      cystocentesis, 2 were obtained by urethral catheterization, and 2 were caught
      during voiding stimulated by manual bladder compression. Quantitative urine
      cultures did not reveal bacteriuria in specimens obtained by cystocentesis, and
      urinary tract infection did not develop during the study. Bacteria were found in
      3 (25%) of 12 urine specimens obtained by catheterization of males and in 1 (8%)
      of 12 specimens obtained by catheterization of females. Magnitude of bacteriuria
      in specimens obtained by catheterization was 10 to 1,000 organisms/ml. Bacteria
      also were found in specimens obtained during voiding. Each of 11 (100%) cleanly
      caught specimens obtained from males and 7 (58%) of 12 voided specimens from
      females contained bacteria. Magnitude of bacteriuria in voided specimens was
      usually 100 to 10,000 organisms/ml, but 3 voided specimens contained greater than
      10,000 organisms/ml. Many bacteriuric specimens contained more than 1 type of
      organism; however, bacteria that might be suspected of causing urinary tract
      infections in cats were found frequently. Urinalyses were performed on 66
      specimens. Completeness of urinalyses depended on the volume of specimens
      available, but results were normal except for evidence of hematuria in a few
      specimens obtained by cystocentesis or catheterization. Hematuria was usually
      mild and was attributed to hemorrhage caused by minor urinary tract trauma during
      urine collection.

PMID- 6365869
TI  - The permeability of the capsule of autonomic ganglia to horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was applied to the capsules of various autonomic
      ganglia in vivo. The capsules of the inferior mesenteric ganglion and superior
      cervical ganglion of guinea-pigs and the inferior mesenteric ganglion of mice
      were readily penetrated by the enzyme. The capsule of the mouse superior cervical
      ganglion was apparently impermeable to HRP, while that of the guinea-pig lumbar
      sympathetic trunk was intermediate in permeability, being most readily penetrated
      by HRP around the blood vessels entering or leaving the ganglia. The results of
      retrograde transport experiments from the guinea-pig inferior mesenteric ganglion
      to spinal ganglia are considered in the light of the ready permeability of its
      capsule.

PMID- 6365870
TI  - The fermentation, isolation and characterization of macromolecular peptide
      antibiotics: AN-7A, -7B and -7D.
AB  - A group of new macromolecular peptide antibiotics, named AN-7, was isolated from
      the culture broth of Streptomyces griseoincarnatus AJ9424. AN-7 was fractionated
      into three different components, A, B and D. From 18 liters of culture broth (78
      units/ml), 10 mg of AN-7A with a specific activity of 2,053 units/mg, 9 mg of AN
      7B (1,167 units/mg) and 11 mg of AN-7D (6,225 units/mg) were obtained. All of
      these samples gave single bands on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. They are
      acidic polypeptides with molecular weights ranging from 12,400 to 13,000. Their
      UV absorption spectra showed maxima peaks at 280 nm and shoulders at 290 nm. Each
      AN-7 component has a nonprotein chromophoric component. AN-7A, -7B and -7D have
      no antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria tested but strongly
      inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and Escherichia coli MP2, a
      macromolecule permeable mutant strain. The AN-7 components are mutagenic. These
      antibiotics inhibit the in vitro growth of L1210 cells (ED50 0.13 approximately
      0.18 micrograms/ml). AN-7A, -7B and -7D also inhibit the growth of L1210 cells in
      mice.

PMID- 6365871
TI  - The fermentation, isolation and characterization of a macromolecular peptide
      antibiotic: AN-1.
AB  - A new macromolecular peptide antibiotic, named AN-1, was isolated from the
      culture broth of Streptomyces albus AJ9003. From 18 liters of culture broth (110
      units/ml activity) a 300 mg sample of AN-1 was obtained with a specific activity
      of 1,160 units/mg was obtained. AN-1 is a basic polypeptide with a molecular
      weight of 12,000, isoelectric point of pH 8.3, and gives a single band on SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It is soluble in water but insoluble in
      ethanol, butanol and acetone. It was stable at pH 6 approximately 9 but very
      unstable at pH 2. The UV absorption spectrum shows a maximum at 280 nm. AN-1 had
      no antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
      tested, but shows strong inhibitory activity toward Escherichia coli MP2, a
      macromolecule permeable mutant. In addition to being highly mutagenic, AN-1
      inhibits the in vitro cell growth of L1210 (ED50 0.41 micrograms/ml). However, AN
      1 had no antitumor activity against mouse leukemia L1210 or Lewis lung carcinoma
      in mouse.

PMID- 6365872
TI  - Thienamycin: development of imipenen-cilastatin.
AB  - Thienamycin, a natural product produced by Streptomyces cattleya is the first
      representative of a unique class of beta-lactam antibiotics, the carbapenems.
      Despite its outstanding potency and antibacterial spectrum, thienamycin was
      itself unsuited for further development because of its chemical instability in
      concentrated solution and in the solid state. Synthesis of the amidine
      derivative, N-formimidoyl thienamycin (imipenem, MK0787) resulted in a
      crystalline product with much improved stability and with antibacterial
      properties significantly superior to thienamycin. Imipenem has an unusually broad
      antimicrobial spectrum. A high order of bactericidal activity is found against
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia, Bacteroides fragilis, enterococci and numerous
      other species intrinsically resistant to other antibiotics. Imipenem is
      refractory to hydrolysis by all important classes of bacterial beta-lactamases
      and thus exhibits no cross-resistance with penicillins or cephalosporins.
      Imipenem is distinguished from the new generation of extended-spectrum cephems by
      its unusually high potency against Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative
      organisms. Offsetting these excellent antimicrobial properties was an unusual
      susceptibility exhibited by imipenem to renal metabolism in animal species and in
      man. Very low urinary recoveries resulted without, however, any significant
      reduction in the serum half-life of imipenem. A brush-border dipeptidase,
      dehydropeptidase-I, was shown to be responsible for renal metabolism. Metabolism
      has been countered with the development of cilastatin (MK0791), a substituted
      amino-propenoate inhibitor of dehydropeptidase which is specific, potent and well
      matched in its pharmacokinetic properties for co-administration with imipenem.
      With the imipenem/cilastatin combination, uniformly high urinary concentrations
      and recovery are obtained regardless of the varying but often extensive
      metabolism suffered by imipenem in human populations. An additional benefit
      conferred by cilastatin results from its ability to exclude imipenem
      competitively from entry into and subsequent metabolism within the proximal
      tubular epithelium of the kidney. The tubular necrosis induced by imipenem alone
      when it is administered at very high doses to susceptible mammalian species is
      thereby eliminated. Thus the imipenem/cilastatin combination affords reliability
      and enhanced safety in the application of the antibiotic's unusual antibacterial
      potential in the treatment of difficult infections regardless of the site of
      disease.

PMID- 6365873
TI  - Comparative clinical trial of imipenem-cilastatin (N-formimidoyl-thienamycin
      dehydropeptidase inhibitor) and cefazolin.
AB  - One hundred and eighty-six patients were randomized to receive either imipenem
      cilastatin (94 patients) or cefazolin (92 patients). Imipenem-cilastatin (250 mg
      6 hourly iv) or cefazolin (1000 mg 6 hourly iv) were given for 5 to 14 days. An
      assessment of efficacy could be made in 141 patients, 72 of whom received
      imipenem-cilastatin and 69 of whom received cefazolin. Reasons for exclusion
      included failure to isolate a causative organism (20 patients), less than 5 days
      of treatment (16 patients), inadequate follow up or culture (5 patients),
      concomitant administration of another antibiotic (1 patient), and resistance to
      the study drug (3 patients, all of whom were in the cefazolin group). No isolates
      resistant to imipenem were found. Sites of infection included skin and soft
      tissue (91 patients), lower respiratory tract (21 patients), urinary tract (16
      patients), bone and joint (8 patients), primary bacteraemia (4 patients) and
      miscellaneous other sites (1 patient). Bacteria isolated included Staphylococcus
      aureus (65 patients), group A streptococcus (42 patients), Escherichia coli (17
      patients), other Gram-negative bacilli (37 patients), anaerobic bacteria (34
      patients) and other bacteria. Imipenem was more active than cephalothin in vitro
      against pathogenic bacteria isolated from evaluable patients. Cure or improvement
      was seen in 68 of the 72 imipenem-cilastatin patients (94%) and in 68 of the 69
      cefazolin patients (99%). Relatively few abnormal laboratory tests and adverse
      experiences were noted, and there were no differences in this between the two
      treatment groups. We concluded that imipenem-cilastatin is safe at the dose used.
      It is as effective as cefazolin in mild to moderate infections caused by common
      pathogens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6365874
TI  - Pharmacokinetic and bacteriological correlations between antimicrobial therapy of
      experimental meningitis in rabbits and meningitis in humans: a review.
AB  - Animal models of bacterial meningitis have been developed to study antimicrobial
      pharmacokinetics and efficacy for eliminating bacteria from cerebrospinal fluid
      (CSF) and to study pathophysiology. The correlation between observations in the
      rabbit model and in paediatric patients with meningitis was evaluated. When
      dosages of the beta-lactam or aminoglycosidic antibiotics which will produce
      serum concentrations approximating those in the human were given to rabbits, the
      degree of penetration of antibiotics into CSF and the bactericidal activity in
      CSF were comparable in rabbits and humans. Differing rates of elimination of Gram
      negative enteric bacteria from rabbit CSF correlated directly with the
      bactericidal titres. However, in children with meningitis, this correlation was
      not found. Instead, it appeared that there was a critical level of bactericidal
      activity of 1:8 at which optimal killing of bacteria occurred. Increasing the
      bactericidal activity beyond that point did not accelerate elimination of
      bacteria from CSF. It is concluded that the rabbit model of bacterial meningitis
      is useful for predicting pharmacokinetics and activity of new antibiotics in CSF,
      but not for predicting differing degrees of effectiveness among antibiotics.

PMID- 6365875
TI  - Different mechanisms of resistance to latamoxef (moxalactam) in Serratia
      marcescens.
AB  - Three pairs of latamoxef (moxalactam)-resistant and -sensitive strains of
      Serratia marcescens were isolated either in vivo or in vitro. Multiple mechanisms
      of resistance were found, and these mechanisms involved: a decrease in
      permeability in each case, associated with modification of the protein
      composition of the outer membrane in two cases; a variable increase (two-to-six
      fold) in the amount of beta-lactamase; and in one case only, some modification of
      the penicillin binding proteins. Thus, it may be necessary for multiple
      mechanisms to be present to give resistance to latamoxef in this species.

PMID- 6365876
TI  - Sequential acquisition of R-plasmids in vivo by Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - Salmonella typhimurium, resistant only to trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole, was
      isolated from the faeces and blood of a chronic alcoholic patient in acute renal
      failure. The isolates harboured an 18 Md non-conjugative plasmid. He was dialysed
      peritoneally and treated with ampicillin; four days later there was no clinical
      improvement and his peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) had become infected. Salm.
      typhimurium was isolated from faeces and PDF. Both isolates were additionally
      resistant to ampicillin and contained two plasmids (55 Md and 18 Md). Therapy was
      changed to chloramphenicol and gentamicin was added to the PDF. Two weeks later
      Salm. typhimurium was again isolated from PDF and faeces. The PDF isolate was
      unchanged but 4% of the colonies isolated from this faecal specimen were
      resistant to chloramphenicol and had acquired an additional 62 Md plasmid. From
      all PDF and faecal specimens two different strains of Escherichia coli and one
      strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated which contained plasmids
      indistinguishable, on the basis of molecular weight and transferable resistance
      markers, from those acquired by Salm. typhimurium. The transferability of these
      plasmids in vitro to E. coli K12 and to the patient's initial Salm. typhimurium
      was studied and the results discussed.

PMID- 6365877
TI  - Quantification of the effect of anti-anaerobic drugs in experimental Bacteroides
      fragilis infection in mice.
AB  - As a basis for the quantitation of the effect of anti-anaerobic drugs in vivo, an
      experimental thigh infection in mice was developed in which co-inoculation of
      Bacteroides fragilis and Escherichia coli is obligatory for proliferation of
      Bact. fragilis. The inhibitory effect of metronidazole and tinidazole on the
      proliferation of Bact. fragilis was assessed in this model. Both metronidazole
      and tinidazole showed a significant dose-effect relationship with respect to the
      outgrowth of Bact. fragilis but not that of E. coli. The effect of both drugs on
      Bact. fragilis was similar and at all dosage levels a significant correlation was
      found between the numbers of Bact. fragilis and E. coli.

PMID- 6365878
TI  - The key role of aminoglycosides in antibacterial therapy and prophylaxis.
AB  - The discovery that aminosugars found in nature kill common bacteria initiated use
      of a new class of antibiotics that have played a key role in the management of
      several major medical problems over the past 40 years. The rapid bactericidal
      effect of the aminoglycosides on aerobic Gram-negative bacilli has expanded their
      use to approximately 6% of all our general hospital patients. These agents have
      many desirable properties, but also have the potential for producing ototoxicity
      and nephrotoxicity that imposes pharmacological limitations on their optimum use.
      The experience of earlier investigations demonstrated the need for quantitative
      measurements and individual patient dosing which has reduced the risk of toxicity
      many fold. Using sensitive measurements, toxic manifestations can be classified
      as detectable by laboratory means only, some that have clinical expression and
      rarely a lasting handicap. Semisynthetic modification of kanamycin (amikacin) and
      sissomicin (netilmicin) protects these compounds against inactivation by most
      bacterial enzymes and preserves their effectiveness. Netilmicin seems to have
      less potential for causing toxicity, especially ototoxicity that is irreversible,
      and offers the possibility of further gains through pharmacological flexibility
      without crippling toxicity.

PMID- 6365879
TI  - Clinical significance of renal changes engendered by aminoglycosides in man.
AB  - Aminoglycoside antibiotics are associated with decreasing renal function of
      sufficient magnitude to influence adversely the management of approximately 10%
      of cases. Onset usually occurs after one week's treatment, but may be delayed
      until after the drugs are discontinued. Renal insufficiency is generally
      transient, mild, non-oliguric, and is characterized by recovery. There is
      currently no clear evidence that aminoglycosides cause permanent or subsequent
      progressive renal damage. Although age, pre-existing renal dysfunction, volume
      depletion, prior exposure to other nephrotoxic drugs and total drug dose have
      been suggested as host variables on the basis of animal studies, human studies
      have not shown predictive factors of toxicity. Peak and valley serum
      concentrations are more likely to reflect renal function than to predict
      toxicity. Studies in man are dogged by confounding variables characteristic of
      the critically ill. Comparative trials of toxicity have required the enrolment of
      large numbers of patients to show statistical differences which may have little
      clinical significance. Thus the choice of aminoglycoside should not be governed
      by nephrological criteria.

PMID- 6365880
TI  - Recent otological evaluation of aminoglycoside antibiotics.
AB  - A survey is made of comparative studies of ototoxicity of different
      aminoglycoside antibiotics. Animal studies show clearly lower netilmicin
      ototoxicity compared with that of other aminoglycoside antibiotics. Clinical
      controlled comparative trials are few. Most studies have few patients in each
      group. The significance of auditory threshold shifts in single frequencies as
      criteria of ototoxicity is uncertain. An analysis of clinical and animal studies
      together indicates, however, that netilmicin has a higher ratio of efficacy to
      ototoxicity than other aminoglycoside antibiotics.

PMID- 6365881
TI  - Netilmicin versus tobramycin in multi-centre studies.
AB  - In two prospective, randomized studies conducted in West Germany and involving 80
      patients, netilmicin-ticarcillin was compared to tobramycin-ticarcillin in the
      treatment of serious systemic infections. Both regimens were essentially
      identical with respect to the clinical and bacteriological results they produced.
      The netilmicin group developed significantly less nephrotoxicity than the
      tobramycin group (0% versus 15%, P = 0.03). Ototoxicity also occurred less
      frequently in the netilmicin-treated patients (3% versus 10%, P = 0.4). In a
      large collaborative study involving 15 centres, 254 patients were enrolled.
      Clinical and bacteriological responses were excellent, with netilmicin and
      tobramycin equally effective, but the incidences of nephrotoxicity and
      ototoxicity were lower in patients treated with netilmicin than those receiving
      tobramycin.

PMID- 6365882
TI  - Netilmicin in the treatment of immunocompromised patients.

PMID- 6365883
TI  - Clinical experience with netilmicin.
AB  - From the results from over 150 clinical trials of netilmicin 3376 completed
      patient treatment courses have been reviewed to assess its efficacy and safety.
      Fourteen-hundred and twenty-three patients with 2273 infections caused by 2322
      pathogens were evaluable for treatment efficacy. Favourable clinical responses
      were observed in 90% of the infections treated. Eighty-three per cent of the
      causative pathogens were eliminated from the infection sites. Netilmicin's safety
      was evaluated in all patients. Nephrotoxicity considered to be probably
      netilmicin-related occurred in 1.7% of the patients, and was possibly related in
      an additional 5.2%. Auditory toxicity was probably netilmicin-related in 1.6% and
      possibly related in 1.9% of the patients. Vestibular toxicity, probably or
      possibly drug-related, was observed in 0.62% of the patients. Extensive clinical
      trials with netilmicin have confirmed its excellent efficacy and safety profile.

PMID- 6365884
TI  - Aminoglycoside toxicity - a review of clinical studies published between 1975 and
      1982.
AB  - The present survey of aminoglycoside nephro- and ototoxicity covers approximately
      10,000 patients reported on in clinical trials published between 1975 and 1982.
      Included in the survey were clinical trials with at least 15 patients evaluable
      for nephro and/or ototoxicity provided relevant data were given on methodology,
      patient material and aminoglycoside dosage. Each publication was evaluated by
      both investigators and relevant data entered into a chart. One hundred and forty
      four published trials were surveyed; 139, 63 and 34 for renal, cochlear and
      vestibular side effects, respectively. Frequencies were calculated as number of
      patients with side effect of total number of evaluated patients. In the average
      overall figures toxicity labelled by respective authors as 'definitely',
      'probably' and 'possibly' related to study drug is included. When available,
      frequencies of toxicity 'definitely' and 'probably' related to study drug were
      analysed separately. The average daily dosages of gentamicin, tobramycin,
      netilmicin and amikacin were 3.9, 3.8, 5.2 and 15.4 mg/kg, respectively. The
      average frequencies of nephrotoxicity for gentamicin and tobramycin were 14.0 and
      12.9%, respectively, and of netilmicin and amikacin 8.7 and 9.4%, respectively.
      The average frequency of cochlear toxicity was 13.9% for amikacin, 8.3 and 6.1%
      for gentamicin and tobramycin, respectively, and 2.4% for netilmicin. The
      material available for evaluation of vestibular toxicity was considerably
      smaller. The average frequencies for gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin were
      similar (3.2 to 3.7%) while netilmicin again exhibited a somewhat lower figure
      (1.4%). The overall figures and the clinical ranking that they imply were
      basically substantiated when prospective comparative trials were analysed
      separately. However, some inconsistencies go unexplained: for example the
      frequency of gentamicin nephrotoxicity was markedly higher in trials where it was
      compared to tobramycin (20 trials) than when it was compared to netilmicin (16
      trials).

PMID- 6365885
TI  - Coping with the aflatoxin problem in the early years.

PMID- 6365886
TI  - Recommended modification of dilution procedure used for bacteriological
      examination of shellfish.
AB  - The dilution procedure recommended by the American Public Health Association for
      use in bacteriological analysis of shellfish samples may cause an underestimation
      of the number of bacteria in shellfish. Modifications of that procedure to
      include preparation of the first dilution of the shellfish homogenate on a weight
      rather than a volume basis, and the inoculation of 1 g portions of the shellfish
      from a dilution of the homogenate, have been shown to significantly increase the
      recovery of fecal coliform bacteria from oyster samples. It is recommended that
      these modifications be adopted by the American Public Health Association.

PMID- 6365887
TI  - The aflatoxin problem: industry-FDA-USDA cooperation.

PMID- 6365888
TI  - Tricyclic anti-depressants and the heart.

PMID- 6365889
TI  - Identification of the purC gene product of Escherichia coli.
AB  - The purC region of the Escherichia coli chromosome was isolated from in vivo
      derived lambda transducing bacteriophages and cloned in high-copy-number
      plasmids. The product of the purC gene,
      phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthetase, was identified as a
      protein with an Mr of ca. 27,000. The level of the protein is increased by more
      than 60-fold in strains carrying the gene on a high-copy-number plasmid. Purine
      addition represses the enzyme level in both plasmid- and non-plasmid-containing
      strains.

PMID- 6365890
TI  - Role of protein degradation in the survival of carbon-starved Escherichia coli
      and Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - When an Escherichia coli K-12 culture was starved for glucose, 50% of the cells
      lost viability in about 6 days. When a K-12 mutant lacking five distinct
      peptidase activities, CM89, was starved in the same manner, viability was lost
      much more rapidly; 50% of the cells lost viability in about 2 days, whereas a
      parent strain lacking only one peptidase activity lost 50% viability in about 4
      days. Compared with the wild-type strain and with its parent strain CM17, CM89
      was defective in both protein degradation and protein synthesis during carbon
      starvation. Similar results were obtained with glucose-starved Salmonella
      typhimurium LT2 and LT2-derived mutants lacking various peptidase activities. An
      S. typhimurium mutant lacking four peptidases, TN852, which was deficient in both
      protein degradation and synthesis during carbon starvation (Yen et al., J. Mol.
      Biol. 143:21-33, 1980), was roughly one-third as stable as the isogenic wild
      type. Isogenic S. typhimurium strains that lacked various combinations of three
      of four peptidases and that displayed protein degradation and synthesis rates
      intermediate between those of LT2 and TN852 (Yen et al., J. Mol. Biol. 143:21-33,
      1980) displayed corresponding stabilities during carbon starvation. These results
      point to a role for protein degradation in the survival of bacteria during
      starvation for carbon.

PMID- 6365891
TI  - The ftsA gene product participates in formation of the Escherichia coli septum
      structure.
AB  - The patterns of septation in filaments of Escherichia coli, formed as a
      consequence of the lack of an active ftsA gene product and then returned to
      permissive conditions, were analyzed in isogenic strains containing three
      different mutated alleles of ftsA. Septation was blocked for at least one
      doubling time at the potential septation sites that presumably contained inactive
      FtsA protein but not at those sites containing either the active gene product or
      no gene product at all. These results suggested a possible structural role for
      the ftsA gene product in the construction of the E. coli septum.

PMID- 6365892
TI  - Uptake of heterologous DNA by Haemophilus influenzae.
AB  - With the use of highly competent Haemophilus influenzae cells, it was possible to
      demonstrate the uptake of heterologous DNAs. However, these DNAs, as expected,
      were only 1% or less as effective when competing for uptake with Haemophilus DNA.
      Escherichia coli DNA was removed from solution by competent cells to the extent
      expected if all the E. coli DNA particles contained at least one uptake
      recognition signal. The data were consistent with a model in which there was one
      uptake signal per 20 X 10(6) to 30 X 10(6) daltons of E. coli DNA. Since H.
      influenzae DNA has many more recognition signals, approximately one per 2 X 10(6)
      daltons (Danner et al., Gene 77:311-318, 1980; K. Vogt and S. H. Goodgal,
      submitted for publication), it has been suggested that the slower rate of E. coli
      DNA binding and the so-called specificity of Haemophilus DNA binding are due to
      the number of recognition signals per molecule of DNA as well as the nature of
      the DNA receptor (Vogt and Goodgal, submitted for publication). The specificity
      of native H. influenzae DNA binding does not apply to the uptake of denatured DNA
      in the transforming system (low pH) for denatured DNA.

PMID- 6365893
TI  - Assembly of the aspartate transcarbamoylase holoenzyme from transcriptionally
      independent catalytic and regulatory cistrons.
AB  - The cistrons encoding the regulatory and catalytic polypeptides of aspartate
      transcarbamoylase (EC 2.1.3.2) from Escherichia coli K-12 have been cloned
      separately on plasmids from different incompatability groups. The catalytic
      cistron (pyrB) was carried by pACYC184 and expressed from its own promoter,
      whereas the regulatory cistron was expressed from the lac po of pBH20. The
      catalytic polypeptide chains assembled into enzymatically active trimers (c3) in
      vivo when expressed in the absence of regulatory subunits. Similarly, the
      regulatory polypeptide chains assembled into regulatory dimers (r2) in vivo in
      the absence of catalytic subunits. When cellular extracts containing regulatory
      dimers and catalytic trimers synthesized in separate cells were combined in
      vitro, partial spontaneous holoenzyme assembly occurred. When pyrB and pyrI were
      expressed from transcriptionally independent cistrons in the same cell, all
      detectable catalytic polypeptides were incorporated into the functional aspartate
      transcarbamoylase holoenzyme, 2(c3):3(r2). Thus, it is clear that the in vivo
      assembly of ATCase holoenzyme is a direct, spontaneous process involving the
      association of preformed regulatory subunits (r2) and catalytic subunits (c3).
      This procedure provides a general method for the construction of hybrid aspartate
      transcarbamoylase in vivo and may be applicable to other oligomeric enzymes
      constructed from different polypeptides.

PMID- 6365894
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the phoS gene, the structural gene for the phosphate
      binding protein of Escherichia coli.
AB  - phoS is the structural gene for the phosphate-binding protein, which is localized
      in periplasm and involved in active transport of phosphate in Escherichia coli.
      It is also a negative regulatory gene for the pho regulon, and the gene
      expression is inducible by phosphate starvation. The complete nucleotide sequence
      of the phoS gene was determined by the method of Maxam and Gilbert (A. M. Maxam
      and W. Gilbert, Methods Enzymol. 65:499-560, 1980). The amino acid sequences at
      the amino termini of the pre-PhoS and PhoS proteins and at the carboxy terminus
      of the PhoS protein were determined by using the purified proteins. Furthermore,
      the amino acid sequence of enzymatically digested peptide fragments of the PhoS
      protein was determined. The combined data established the nucleotide sequence of
      the coding region and the amino acid sequence of the pre-PhoS and the PhoS
      proteins. The pre-PhoS protein contains an extension of peptide composed of 25
      amino acid residues at the amino terminus of the PhoS protein, which has the
      general characteristics of a signal peptide. The mature PhoS protein is composed
      of 321 amino acid residues, with a calculated molecular weight of 34,422, and
      lacks the disulfide bond and methionine. The regulatory region of phoS contains a
      characteristic Shine-Dalgarno sequence at an appropriate position preceding the
      translational initiation site, as well as three possible Pribnow boxes and one 
      35 sequence. the nucleotide sequence of the regulatory region of phoS was
      compared with those of phoA and phoE, the genes constituting the pho regulon.

PMID- 6365895
TI  - Genetic evidence for glucitol-specific enzyme III, an essential phosphocarrier
      protein of the Salmonella typhimurium glucitol phosphotransferase system.
AB  - Positive selection procedures were developed for the isolation of mutants
      defective in components of the glucitol-specific catabolic enzyme system in
      Salmonella typhimurium. gutA (enzyme IIgut-negative), gutB (enzyme IIIgut
      negative), and gutC (constitutive for the glucitol operon) mutants were isolated
      and characterized biochemically and genetically. The gene order was shown to be
      gutCAB.

PMID- 6365896
TI  - Mapping of a locus (mdoA) that affects the biosynthesis of membrane-derived
      oligosaccharides in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Mutants of Escherichia coli defective in the newly discovered mdoA locus are
      blocked at an early stage in the biosynthesis of membrane-derived
      oligosaccharides. The mutation has now been mapped and found to be located near
      23 min on the E. coli chromosome between putA and pyrC. The mdoA mutants are
      defective in the membrane-localized component of the glucosyl transferase system
      described by Weissborn and Kennedy (A. C. Weissborn and E. P. Kennedy, Fed. Proc.
      42:2122, 1983).

PMID- 6365898
TI  - Affective illness, dementia, and pseudodementia.
AB  - The differential diagnosis and treatment of pseudodementia, dementia, and
      depressive illness are receiving increased attention. The literature on this
      subject is reviewed, and four "ideal types" of patients spanning the spectrum of
      these illnesses are proposed for use when their distinction or association is at
      issue. Attempts by investigators to distinguish those groups are summarized, ad
      the importance of diagnostic clarity and patient selection for future research is
      emphasized.

PMID- 6365897
TI  - Asparaginase II of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: positive selection of two mutations
      that prevent enzyme synthesis.
AB  - A positive selection method, D-aspartic acid beta-hydroxamate resistance, was
      used to isolate Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains lacking the ability to
      synthesize asparaginase II. Of 100 such mutant strains, 93 exhibited mutations
      which were allelic with asp3, a previously characterized mutation. The other
      seven strains carried a new mutation, asp6. The asp6 mutation segregated 2:2 in
      asp6 X wild-type crosses and assorted from the asp3 mutation in asp6 X asp3
      crosses. All seven asp6 mutant isolates reverted at a relatively high frequency,
      whereas the asp3 mutant isolates did not revert under the same conditions.
      Various independent asp3 isolates were mated to give heteroallelic diploids,
      which when sporulated and spread on D-asparagine medium yielded no recombinant
      strains.

PMID- 6365899
TI  - Chronic disease and depression in the geriatric population.
AB  - A brief review is given of the incidence and nature of psychiatric symptoms,
      particularly depression, that are associated with chronic physical diseases
      common in the elderly. A discussion of medical illnesses that mimic depression,
      and depression presenting as somatic disease, illustrates the challenge of
      differential diagnosis. Guidelines are presented for the treatment of depression
      in patients with central nervous system, cardiovascular, hepatic and renal, and
      gastrointestinal disorders. Pharmacokinetic factors relevant to the use of cyclic
      and monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressants in the elderly are reviewed.

PMID- 6365900
TI  - Long-term treatment of chronic depression: 15-year experience with doxepin HCl.
AB  - The definition, recognition, and management of chronic depression are briefly
      reviewed. An ongoing prospective study of the long term (5-15 years) use of
      doxepin indicates that this tricyclic antidepressant is feasible, efficacious,
      and safe in the treatment of this population. Advantages of doxepin therapy
      include its lack of adverse interactions with prescription and non-prescription
      drugs taken by these patients and the high degree of safety seen in patients with
      concomitant cardiovascular and other physical disorders. Thus, doxepin appears to
      be an excellent choice in the long-term maintenance outpatient treatment of
      chronic depression.

PMID- 6365901
TI  - Effect of diabetes and hypothyroidism on the predominance of cardiac myosin heavy
      chains synthesized in vivo or in a cell-free system.
AB  - Rat cardiac ventricular myosins and RNA were prepared from normal, diabetic,
      insulin-treated diabetic, hypothyroid, and 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine-treated
      hypothyroid rats. Myosin heavy chains isolated from purified myosin or
      synthesized in vitro from cardiac RNAs were subjected to partial protease
      digestion during sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It
      was found that peptide maps obtained from cardiac myosin heavy chains of
      hypothyroid and diabetic rats were identical but differed from the maps of myosin
      heavy chain from control and hormone-treated animals. The same results were
      obtained, whether the heavy chains were isolated from purified myosin synthesized
      in the intact heart or from translation products coded for by cardiac RNAs added
      to the modified reticulocyte lysate. These results indicate that the myosin heavy
      chain RNA species present in the hypothyroid heart is also expressed during
      insulin deficiency but differs from the species expressed in normal animals. The
      expression of the two myosin heavy chain RNA species found in the rat cardiac
      ventricle appears to be independently regulated by these two hormones.

PMID- 6365902
TI  - D-1-amino-2-propanol:NAD+ oxidoreductase. Purification and general properties of
      the large molecular form of the enzyme from Escherichia coli K12.
AB  - Growth of Escherichia coli K12 under relatively anaerobic conditions in a medium
      containing casein hydrolysate, 0.8% glycerol, and 0.8% hydroxyacetone has been
      found to induce the level of D-1-amino-2-propanol oxidoreductase activity 50- to
      100-fold over that in cells grown in casein hydrolysate alone or with 0.8%
      glycerol added. A large molecular weight form of this oxidoreductase (designated
      Form L) has been purified to apparent homogeneity in good yield by three simple
      steps designed to obviate its conversion to a smaller species. The molecular
      weight of native Form L and its basic subunit are 417,000 +/- 20,700 and 50,500
      +/- 2,770, respectively; hence Form L would appear to consist of eight identical
      subunits. The pH activity profile for Form L shows one optimum in the range of
      8.3 to 8.6 and another at pH 10.0 to 10.2. This form of the oxidoreductase has no
      apparent requirement for added metal ions (rather, numerous divalent transition
      metal ions are strongly inhibitory) or thiol compounds; it catalyzes the
      oxidation of several vic-glycols but is completely stereospecific for the D
      isomer of 1-amino-2-propanol, utilizes only NAD+ as cosubstrate in the oxidation
      reaction (Km for NAD+ with DL-1-amino-2-propanol = 1.23 mM), but both NADH and
      NADPH serve as cosubstrate in the reduction of hydroxyacetone. Oxidoreductase
      activity of Form L is highly sensitive to inhibition by Hg2+, p-mercuribenzoate,
      or dithiodipyridine; inhibition by the latter two compounds is completely
      reversed by adding a thiol in excess.

PMID- 6365903
TI  - Escherichia coli succinyl coenzyme A synthetase. Inhibition of ATP-stimulated
      succinate----succinyl coenzyme A exchange at low succinyl coenzyme A
      concentrations by an ADP trap.
AB  - The hypothesis that Escherichia coli succinyl-CoA synthetase functions by a
      cooperative alternating sites mechanism is based largely on the results of
      [18O]phosphate exchange experiments (Bild, G. S., Janson, C. A., and Boyer, P. D.
      (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 8109-8115). In those experiments, [18O]Pi----succinate
      (predominantly) exchange appeared to proceed at greater rates (relative to the
      apparent amount of succinyl-CoA released from the enzyme) at low ATP in
      incubations containing ATP, CoA, succinate, [18O]Pi, 0.48 M hydroxylamine (as a
      succinyl-CoA trap), and a pyruvate kinase-lactate dehydrogenase ADP trap. The
      conclusion arrived at was that succinyl-CoA binding at one site was inversely
      related to ATP binding at the second site. Thus, the residence time of succinyl
      CoA binding at a site would be longer at lower ATP concentrations. Our
      experiments show that, under the incubation conditions described by Bild et al.
      (Bild, G. S., Janson, C. A., and Boyer, P. D. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 8109
      8115), succinyl-CoA is not efficiently trapped. Thus, at ATP concentrations from
      3.6 to 150 microM, concentrations of succinyl-CoA from 13 to 78 microM were
      observed. Succinate----succinyl-CoA exchange reactions carried out in this range
      of ATP and subsaturating succinyl-CoA concentrations were found to be markedly
      inhibited by the addition of the ADP trap. This inhibition was more pronounced at
      higher ATP levels. At a saturating succinyl-CoA concentration (1.5 mM), addition
      of the ADP trap actually stimulated succinate----succinyl-CoA exchange. Under
      these conditions, ATP----Pi exchange was greatly depressed. These results are
      interpreted as follows. ADP is required for optimal binding of succinyl-CoA, but
      only when the latter is present at subsaturating concentrations; thus, the ADP
      trap inhibits the reaction. ATP exerts its stimulatory action on succinate----
      succinyl-CoA exchange through an "other site" effect, i.e. in binding to the
      noncatalytic site of succinyl-CoA synthetase, it facilitates binding and release
      of succinyl-CoA at the catalytic site. ATP may also exert negative effects by
      inhibiting other site binding of ATP or by interfering with same site succinyl
      CoA binding at subsaturating concentrations of the latter. These data support the
      notion that a half-sites mechanism applies to succinyl-CoA synthetase, but
      suggest that the [18O]Pi----succinate exchange data which have been instrumental
      in development of the cooperative alternating sites hypothesis should be re
      evaluated.

PMID- 6365904
TI  - The role of the beta-lactamase signal sequence in the secretion of proteins by
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - A derivative of pBR322 has been constructed that contains both a unique EcoRI
      restriction site right at the beginning of the signal codons of the beta
      lactamase (bla) gene and a unique BstEII site just at the end of the bla signal
      codons. Although the signal peptide encoded by the new plasmid differs from the
      wild type (pBR322) by 2 amino acid residues (Ser 2 to Arg 2 and Ala 23 to Gly
      23), the synthesis, transport, and processing of the beta-lactamase remain
      unchanged in Escherichia coli. Two deletion mutants, in which the bla signal
      codons have been almost completely excised, have also been constructed. Bacteria
      containing either of these plasmids produce, but do not secrete, an active beta
      lactamase. Last, the bla signal codons have been precisely joined to the cDNA
      version of the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) gene from chicken. Expression of
      this fusion gene in E. coli gives a hybrid protein that is neither secreted into
      the periplasm nor proteolytically processed. This result supports the view that
      there are characteristics of the mature protein that are necessary for the
      secretion across the inner membrane of E. coli.

PMID- 6365905
TI  - Identification of specific carboxylate groups on adrenodoxin that are involved in
      the interaction with adrenodoxin reductase.
AB  - Modification of bovine adrenodoxin with 1-ethyl-3-(3
      dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) dramatically inhibited the reaction with
      adrenodoxin reductase (EC 1.18.1.2). The modification did not cause any change in
      the visible spectrum of adrenodoxin, indicating that the iron-sulfur center was
      not perturbed. Furthermore, the anomalous fluorescence of Tyr 82 was not changed
      in either intensity or wavelength. The inhibition was accompanied by the covalent
      incorporation of 14C-labeled EDC into adrenodoxin. The sites modified by EDC were
      determined by hydrolyzing adrenodoxin with either trypsin or Staphylococcus
      aureus protease and separating the resulting peptides by reverse phase high
      pressure liquid chromatography. The major carboxyl groups modified were found to
      be at Glu 74, Asp 79, and Asp 86, which are located in a sequence containing a
      high negative charge density. We propose that the conversion of negatively
      charged carboxylate groups at these residues to bulky, positively charged EDC
      carboxyl groups inhibits the reaction with the reductase. EDC was also found to
      cross-link adrenodoxin to cytochrome c in yields up to 90%. The cross-links were
      found to involve the formation of amide linkages between carboxyl groups on
      adrenodoxin and the lysine amino groups surrounding the heme crevice of
      cytochrome c.

PMID- 6365906
TI  - Reconstitution of Escherichia coli thioredoxin reductase with 1-deazaFAD.
      Evidence for 1-deazaFAD C-4a adduct formation linked to the ionization of an
      active site base.
AB  - The flavin prosthetic group (FAD) of thioredoxin reductase has been replaced by 1
      deazaFAD (carbon substituted for nitrogen at position 1). Reduction of 1-deazaFAD
      thioredoxin reductase by four electrons proceeds in two stages having midpoint
      potentials that are separated by 0.063 V. Two-electron reduced 1-deazaFAD
      thioredoxin reductase (EH2) has spectral characteristics that are different from
      both the fully oxidized and fully reduced enzyme. The fluorescence of the 2
      electron reduced enzyme shows a mixture of two EH2 species. The spectrum of one
      EH2 species has a single absorption peak (lambda max, 414 nm; epsilon 414, 8750 M
      1 cm-1) which is similar to the spectrum of 1-deazaFAD-C-4a adducts (referred to
      as the 414-nm absorbing species). In the other EH2 species the electrons are in
      the dithiol, and it has an oxidized 1-deazaFAD spectrum (referred to as the 550
      nm EH2 species). The equilibrium between the two EH2 species of 1-deazaFAD
      thioredoxin reductase is pH dependent, forming more of the 414-nm absorbing
      species as the pH is lowered. The pH dependence suggests the presence of an
      active center base having a pK of 7.41 on the 414-nm EH2 species and a thiol of
      pK 6.73 on the 550-nm EH2 species. These pK values are similar to the pK values
      determined for native enzyme having a disulfide or a dithiol (7.59 and 6.98,
      respectively). Thus, the pH dependence of the equilibrium between the two EH2
      species of 1-deazaFAD-thioredoxin reductase is further evidence for an active
      site base with an ionization behavior that is linked to the chemical state of the
      active site disulfide moiety. The nature of the linked ionization is consistent
      with a thiol base ion pair formed upon disulfide reduction.

PMID- 6365908
TI  - Correlation between cytosolic free Ca2+ and insulin release in an insulin
      secreting cell line.
AB  - Changes in the concentration of free cytosolic Ca2+ [( Ca2+]i), membrane
      potential, and immunoreactive insulin release were measured in suspensions of
      RINm5F cells. [Ca2+]i was monitored with the intracellularly trapped fluorescent
      Ca2+ indicator quin 2. Changes in membrane potential were assessed with the
      fluorescent probe bisoxonol. The effects of depolarizing K+ concentrations and of
      the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin were compared with those of the metabolizable
      stimuli glyceraldehyde and alanine. The mean resting [Ca2+]i was 105 nM +/- 6, n
      = 35. Of the substances tested, ionomycin caused the most marked increases of
      [Ca2+]i and insulin release. Membrane depolarization was evoked by K+,
      glyceraldehyde, or alanine and the agent stimulated insulin release and [Ca2+]i
      to a similar degree. However, the mechanism by which glyceraldehyde, on the one
      hand, and K+ and alanine, on the other, elevate [Ca2+]i appears different. Thus,
      verapamil, a blocker of voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels, almost abolished the
      effects of K+ and alanine on [Ca2+]i and insulin release, whereas the responses
      to glyceraldehyde were only blocked by approximately 50%. Glyceraldehyde may
      thus, in addition to opening voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels, alter cellular Ca2+
      handling at another step. The present findings provide direct experimental
      evidence that secretagogue-induced insulin release is accompanied by a rise in
      [Ca2+]i.

PMID- 6365907
TI  - The interaction between Escherichia coli aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenase
      and 3-acetylpyridine-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced), an analog of
      NADPH.
AB  - The interaction of 3-acetylpyridine-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a structural
      analog of NADPH, with aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenase has been studied by
      fluorescence and activity measurements. This analog binds to the same site and
      with the same affinity as does the natural coenzyme. Also, the binding of
      homoserine to the dehydrogenase site or that of threonine to the regulatory site
      is the same whether NADPH or its analog is bound to the enzyme. So NADPH and its
      analog appear as equivalent in the formation of various stable enzyme-ligand(s)
      complexes. The analog resembles NADPH enough so that it is a substrate that the
      enzyme can use to reduce aspartate semialdehyde; the maximum velocity of this
      dehydrogenase reaction is however reduced by 90% as compared to that with NADPH.
      It seems as if one of the catalytic steps is affected by the replacement of a-
      CONH2 group by--COCH3. Another difference between the two coenzymes is that the
      reaction with the analog is insensitive to threonine, whereas that with NADPH is
      inhibited. The lack of inhibition is not due to a lack of binding, but rather to
      a difference in the ternary complexes composed of enzyme, coenzyme, and
      substrate. A possible relationship between the inhibition by threonine and the
      mechanism of the dehydrogenase reaction is thus suggested by this comparison
      between NADPH and its analog.

PMID- 6365909
TI  - In vivo studies of pyridine nucleotide metabolism in Escherichia coli and
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae by carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy.
AB  - Pyridine nucleotide metabolism has been studied in vivo in a prokaryotic
      (Escherichia coli) and a eukaryotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) system cultured in
      a medium containing carbon-13-labeled nicotinic acid, followed by NMR detection
      of the labeled organisms. Chemical exchange between oxidized and reduced
      nucleotides is found to be sufficiently slow on the NMR time scale to permit the
      observation of separate resonances corresponding to each redox state. The
      possibility of significant exchange broadening of reduced pyridine nucleotide
      resonances under some conditions was further evaluated based on comparative NMR
      studies utilizing organisms cultured in the presence of either [2-13C]nicotinate
      or [5-13C]nicotinate. Based on these experiments, it was concluded that
      broadening as a consequence of intermediate exchange is not significant. Although
      it was initially anticipated that the carbon-13 resonances arising from the di-
      and triphosphopyridine nucleotide pools could not be distinguished, the absence
      of observable resonances corresponding to reduced nucleotides in oxygenated yeast
      and E. coli cells suggests that the NMR method is fairly specific for determining
      the redox status of the diphosphopyridine nucleotide pool. Studies of the effects
      of a variety of perturbations including variation of the oxygen supply, addition
      of ethanol, and addition of the oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler dinitrophenol
      have been carried out. Dramatic differences in the response of the catabolic
      reduction charge, CRC = [NADH]/[NADH] + [NAD+], between the yeast and E. coli
      cells are observed. The CRC values for the yeast undergo large changes in
      response to these perturbations which are not observed for the bacterial cells.

PMID- 6365910
TI  - Equilibrium model for insulin-induced receptor down-regulation. Regulation of
      insulin receptors in differentiated BC3H-1 myocytes.
AB  - The mechanism of insulin-induced down-regulation of surface membrane insulin
      receptors was studied in the muscle cell line BC3H-1. Down-regulation for the
      differentiated myocytes is dose- and time-dependent with a half-maximum response
      at 0.5 nM insulin and a maximum decrease of 50% in the number of surface insulin
      receptors following exposure to 20 nM insulin for 18 h at 37 degrees C, as
      confirmed by Scatchard analysis. These receptors were fully recoverable upon
      lysis of the down-regulated myocyte with Triton X-100, demonstrating that down
      regulation is mediated solely by insulin-induced receptor internalization without
      detectable receptor degradation. Phospholipase C treatment of intact down
      regulated cells and Triton X-100 treatment after subcellular fractionation showed
      that no cryptic or masked receptors were detectable within the plasma membrane.
      Insulin-induced receptor internalization was dependent upon cellular energy
      production, protein synthesis, and endocytosis, but was insensitive to agents
      which primarily affect lysosomal, cytoskeletal, or transglutaminase activities.
      The magnitude of insulin-induced down-regulation and the kinetics of down
      regulation and recovery of cell surface receptors indicate that the surface and
      internal receptor pools are in dynamic equilibrium with each other. The kinetic
      data are accommodated by separate internalization rate constants for the
      unoccupied (0.01 h-1) and occupied (0.11 h-1) surface receptors and a single
      recycling rate constant (0.11 h-1) for the internalized receptors. This model
      also explains the previous apparently paradoxical finding in several other
      systems that down-regulation is more sensitive to hormone than hormone-receptor
      binding under physiologic conditions. Down-regulation in BC3H-1 myocytes,
      therefore, appears to be mediated solely by an insulin-induced increase in the
      receptor internalization rate constant and a consequent shift in the dynamic
      equilibrium between the surface and internalized receptor pools, resulting in a
      50% decrease in the number of cell surface receptors. In other systems where the
      internalized hormone receptor is a substrate for rapid degradation, the essential
      role of this shift in mediating the down-regulation process may be obscured.

PMID- 6365911
TI  - Inosine biosynthesis in transfer RNA by an enzymatic insertion of hypoxanthine.
AB  - An enzyme was discovered which incorporates hypoxanthine into mature tRNA
      macromolecules. This enzyme is postulated to be similar to tRNA-guanine
      ribosyltransferase which inserts 7-(3,4-trans-4,5-cis-dihydroxy-1-cyclopenten-3
      ylaminomethyl )-7-deazaguanine into the first position of the anticodon of four
      tRNAs. The hypoxanthine-incorporating enzyme has been assayed in extracts of rat
      liver and cultured human leukemia cells and it has been resolved from tRNA
      guanine ribosyltransferase by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The enzyme
      assay is based on the incorporation of radiolabeled hypoxanthine into
      unfractionated heterologous tRNA and the reaction rate is proportional to the
      amount of added enzyme extract. Hydrolysis of the radiolabeled tRNA and analysis
      of the nucleoside composition yields inosine (the nucleoside of hypoxanthine) as
      the only radiolabeled product. It is proposed that the enzyme, a tRNA
      hypoxanthine ribosyltransferase, is responsible for the biosynthesis of inosine
      in the anticodon wobble position of specific tRNAs, resulting in greatly expanded
      codon recognition by these tRNAs.

PMID- 6365912
TI  - Cooperativity in highly aggregated enzyme systems. A slow transition model for
      the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from Escherichia coli.
AB  - Three models are compared describing cooperative phenomena in enzymatic reactions
      in order to explain sigmoidal saturation curves found with the pyruvate
      dehydrogenase complex from Escherichia coli: the concerted model, the sequential
      model, and the slow transition model. Both the concerted and the sequential model
      were considered especially with regard to the increasing number of identical
      interaction subunits (protomers) in order to get close to the situation found
      with the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex which consists of 24 protomers. Applying
      the sequential model to a great number of protomers results in a weak increase of
      the Hill coefficient, while, in addition to this effect, the concerted model
      drastically shifts the sigmoidal range of the saturation function to very low
      ligand concentrations. Such shift is seen with saturation curves of pyruvate and
      thiamine disphosphate with the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and a good fit with
      theoretical curves derived from the concerted model is obtained. However,
      subcomplexes with a reduced number of protomers exhibited no change in saturation
      behavior, thus providing evidence against concerted conformational changes of all
      subunits of the enzyme complex. A scheme for the initial reaction of the pyruvate
      dehydrogenase complex based on slow transitions is presented and a rate equation
      has been derived. Ordered binding of thiamine diphosphate and pyruvate and a
      ligand-induced slow transition between a less active and a fully active enzyme
      form has been assumed. The curves simulated with this model are in agreement with
      all essential kinetic data, which are observed with the pyruvate dehydrogenase
      complex: the atypical shape of the saturation curves of pyruvate and thiamine
      diphosphate, the respective Hill coefficients and Michaelis constants, the
      hyperbolic binding behavior of thiamine diphosphate, and the inhibition pattern
      found for acetyl coenzyme A.

PMID- 6365913
TI  - Crystallization of the gene 45 protein from the DNA replication fork of
      bacteriophage T4.
AB  - The gene 45 protein from bacteriophage T4 has been purified and is crystallized.
      This protein is part of the T4 DNA replication complex. The crystallized protein
      is active in complementation assays. X-ray diffraction analysis is in progress;
      data are measured for the native and several heavy atom derivatives. The crystals
      diffract to about 3.5-A resolution.

PMID- 6365914
TI  - Molecular cloning of cDNA sequences for rat M2-type pyruvate kinase and
      regulation of its mRNA.
AB  - Rat M2-type pyruvate kinase mRNA was enriched from total polysomes isolated from
      AH-130 Yoshida ascites hepatoma cells, which contain a very high concentration of
      the M2-type enzyme, by immunoprecipitation with a specific antibody and
      Staphylococcus aureus cells. Double-stranded cDNA synthesized from the enriched
      mRNA was inserted into the PstI site of pBR322, and the resultant recombinant DNA
      molecules were used to transform Escherichia coli. Three clones containing DNA
      complementary to M2-type pyruvate kinase mRNA were identified by colony
      hybridization, hybrid-arrested translation, and hybrid-selected translation. A
      partial restriction map was constructed covering about 1.44 kilobase pairs. The
      cloned region of the M2-type mRNA showed a high degree of sequence homology with
      the M1-type mRNA and some homology with the L-type mRNA as determined by dot blot
      hybridization. The molecular size of the M2-type mRNA, which was estimated to be
      2.35-2.65 kilobases on denaturing gel, was the same as that of the M1-type mRNA.
      The level of hepatic M2-type pyruvate kinase mRNA measured by hybridization assay
      using cloned cDNA as a probe was increased 2.5-fold 1 day and 3.9-fold 2 days
      after partial hepatectomy and then started to decrease. This induction was
      followed by similar changes in the enzyme activity. AH-130 hepatoma cells
      contained 100-150 times more M2-type isozyme mRNA than regenerating liver. These
      results suggest that the increased levels of M2-type isozyme in regenerating
      liver and hepatoma cells are primarily due to elevation of hybridizable M2-type
      mRNA concentration.

PMID- 6365915
TI  - Metabolism of 5(6)Oxidoeicosatrienoic acid by ram seminal vesicles. Formation of
      two stereoisomers of 5-hydroxyprostaglandin I1.
AB  - Cytochrome P-450 can metabolize arachidonic (5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic) acid to
      four epoxides. One of them, cis-5(6)oxido-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid, has been
      reported to possess biological activity. To ascertain whether this epoxide could
      be a substrate for the enzyme fatty acid cyclooxygenase, synthetic 3H-labeled cis
      5(6)-oxido-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid was incubated with microsomes of ram
      seminal vesicles and incubated with microsomes of ram seminal vesicles and the
      products were separated by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography.
      The substrate was enzymatically transformed into products, which were more polar
      than 5,6-dihydroxy-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid. The biosynthesis was strongly
      inhibited by indomethacin or diclofenac sodium, two inhibitors of fatty acid
      cyclooxygenase. Two of the major metabolites could be identified by capillary gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry as two stereoisomers of 5-hydroxyprostaglandin
      I1, viz. (5R,6R)-5-hydroxyprostaglandin I1 and (5S,6S)-5-hydroxyprostaglandin I1.
      The structures were established by comparison with the mass spectra of authentic
      material and by the retention time on capillary gas chromatography using
      deuterated internal standards. The two stereoisomers were presumably formed
      nonenzymatically from the intermediate 5(6)oxidoprostaglandin endoperoxides or
      from 5(6)oxidoprostaglandin F1 alpha during the isolation procedure.

PMID- 6365916
TI  - Purification and characterization of succinyl-CoA: tetrahydrodipicolinate N
      succinyltransferase from Escherichia coli.
AB  - Tetrahydrodipicolinate succinylase, an enzyme involved in the diaminopimelate
      lysine pathway, was purified 1900-fold from crude extracts of Escherichia coli.
      The enzyme catalyzes the formation of CoA and N-succinyl-2-amino-6-keto-L
      pimelate from succinyl-CoA and tetrahydrodipicolinate. The purified enzyme was
      shown to be homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The Stokes radius
      of the enzyme was determined from its elution volume on a Sephacryl S300 column
      and its sedimentation constant from sucrose density gradient centrifugation.
      These were 35 A and 4.7 (S20,w), respectively. The enzyme consists of two
      subunits each with a mass of 31,000 daltons, as determined using sodium dodecyl
      sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Tetrahydrodipicolinate succinylase
      was shown to be a sulfhydryl enzyme. It has a pH optimum of 8.2. The equilibrium
      lies predominantly in favor of product formation but the reverse reaction can be
      demonstrated in vitro.

PMID- 6365917
TI  - The conserved 5 S rRNA complement to tRNA is not required for translation of
      natural mRNA.
AB  - We have tested a putative base-paired interaction between the conserved GT psi C
      sequence of tRNA and the conserved GAAC47 sequence of 5 S ribosomal RNA by in
      vitro protein synthesis using ribosomes containing deletions in this region of 5
      S rRNA. Ribosomes reconstituted with 5 S rRNA possessing a single break between
      residues 41 and 42, deletion of residues 42-46, or deletion of residues 42-52
      were tested for their ability to translate phage MS2 RNA. Initiator tRNA binding,
      aminoacyl-tRNA binding, ppGpp synthesis, and miscoding were also tested. All of
      the measured functions could be carried out by ribosomes carrying the deleted 5 S
      rRNAs. The sizes and relative amounts of the polypeptides synthesized by MS2 RNA
      programmed ribosomes were identical whether or not the 5 S RNA contained
      deletions. Aminoacyl-tRNA binding and miscoding were essentially unaffected.
      Significant reduction in ApUpG (but not poly(A,U,G) or MS2 RNA)-directed fMet
      tRNA binding and ppGpp synthesis were observed, particularly in the case of the
      larger (residues 42-52) deletion. We conclude that if tRNA and 5 S rRNA interact
      in this fashion, it is not an obligatory step in protein synthesis.

PMID- 6365918
TI  - Purification and characterization of two types of trypsin-like enzymes from sperm
      of the ascidian (Prochordata) Halocynthia roretzi. Evidence for the presence of
      spermosin, a novel acrosin-like enzyme.
AB  - Two types of trypsin-like proteases, spermosin and acrosin, have been highly
      purified from spermatozoa of the ascidian (Prochordata) Halocynthia roretzi by a
      procedure including diethylaminoethylcellulose chromatography, Sephadex G-100 gel
      filtration, and soybean trypsin inhibitor-immobilized Sepharose 4B
      chromatography. Each purified preparation was judged to be homogeneous on the
      basis of chromatographic analysis and sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis.
      The molecular weights of spermosin and acrosin were estimated to be 27,000 and
      32,000-34,000, respectively, by gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate.
      The isoelectric point of the former was 6.5, while that of the latter was 5.5.
      Non-ionic detergents, e.g. Brij 35, showed marked stabilizing effects on the
      purified enzymes. Both of these enzymes had pH optima between 8.5 and 9.0, and
      their activities were enhanced by the addition of calcium chloride. The enzymes
      were inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate, phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride,
      leupeptin, antipain, soybean trypsin inhibitor, aprotinin, ovomucoid, valyl
      prolyl-arginyl-chloromethane, glycyl-valyl-arginyl-chloromethane, p
      aminobenzamidine, benzamidine, zinc chloride, and mercuric chloride. Lima bean
      trypsin inhibitor and tosyl-lysyl-chloromethane strongly inhibited acrosin, but
      not spermosin. While the substrate specificity of acrosin was rather broad, that
      of spermosin was very narrow; the latter enzyme hydrolyzed only t
      butyloxycarbonyl-valyl-prolyl-arginine 4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide among 12 peptidyl
      arginine (or lysine) 4-methylcoumaryl-7-amides tested. Thus, the ascidian
      spermatozoa possess at least two proteases, acrosin and spermosin; the former
      shows the properties closely related to those of mammalian acrosin (EC
      3.4.21.10), but the latter is a unique type of acrosin-like enzyme in respect to
      the substrate specificity and inhibitor susceptibility.

PMID- 6365919
TI  - Escherichia coli pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Thiamin pyrophosphate-dependent
      inactivation by 3-bromopyruvate.
AB  - Inactivation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by 3-bromopyruvate is thiamin
      pyrophosphate (TPP)-dependent. Inactivation with 2-14C- or 3-14C-labeled 3
      bromopyruvate results in TPP-dependent covalent labeling of more than 60 sites in
      the complex, all of which are associated with the dihydrolipoyl transacetylase
      component. Inactivation by 3-bromo[1-14C]pyruvate labels up to 20 sites
      associated with dihydrolipoyl transacetylase, also with TPP dependence. Systemic
      chemical degradation of the complex inactivated by 3-bromo[2-14C]pyruvate under
      conditions that would convert lipoyl groups to S,S,-biscarboxymethyl
      dihydrolipoic acid produces S,S,-bis[14C]carboxymethyl dihydrolipoic acid. It is
      concluded that 3-bromopyruvate inactivates this complex by initially undergoing
      the first two steps of the usual catalytic pathway, TPP-dependent decarboxylation
      followed by reductive bromoacetylation of lipoyl moieties. The sulfhydryl groups
      of S-bromoacetyl dihydrolipoyl moieties generated by reductive bromoacetylation
      are then alkylated by 3-bromopyruvate as well as by bromoacetyl thioester groups
      associated with the complex.

PMID- 6365920
TI  - The stereochemical course of phospho transfer catalyzed by adenylosuccinate
      synthetase. A reaction pathway via a phosphorylated intermediate with net
      inversion.
AB  - The stereochemical course of phospho transfer in the reaction catalyzed by
      adenylosuccinate synthetase from rat muscle has been determined with chiral
      [gamma-17O,18O]GTP gamma S as a substrate. The stereochemical configuration of
      the product, inorganic thiophosphate, was determined by 31P NMR after the
      compound was stereospecifically incorporated into ATP beta S. The reaction goes
      with net inversion of configuration, which is the course for a single phospho
      transfer, even though 6-phospho-IMP is probably an intermediate on the normal
      reaction pathway (Liebermann, I. (1956) J. Biol. Chem. 223, 327-339). The
      breakdown of this intermediate goes by C-O bond cleavage and so is not a true
      phospho transfer step. Thus, inversion of configuration during the course of this
      ligase reaction is consistent with a single phospho transfer step in the overall
      reaction, the formation of the phosphorylated intermediate.

PMID- 6365921
TI  - Terminal oxidases of Escherichia coli aerobic respiratory chain. I. Purification
      and properties of cytochrome b562-o complex from cells in the early exponential
      phase of aerobic growth.
AB  - Cytochrome b562-o complex, a terminal oxidase in the respiratory chain of
      aerobically grown Escherichia coli K12, was isolated in a highly purified form.
      The purified oxidase is composed of equimolar amounts of two polypeptides, with
      Mr = 33,000 and 55,000, determined by gel electrophoresis in the presence of
      sodium dodecyl sulfate. It contains 19.5 nmol of heme and 16.8 nmol of copper/mg
      of protein, but no detectable nonheme iron, phospholipid, ubiquinone, or
      menaquinone. In the difference spectrum at room temperature, the oxidase shows a
      single alpha absorption peak at 560 nm and at 77 K it shows two alpha absorption
      peaks at 555 and 562 nm. This oxidase combines with CO and the CO difference
      spectrum at room temperature has a peak at 416 nm and a trough at 430 nm in the
      Soret region. Its oxidation-reduction potential is estimated to be 125 mV (pH
      7.4) and it is pH-dependent (-60 mV/pH) in medium of pH 6.0 to 7.4. It catalyzes
      electron transport to oxygen via ubiquinol and ascorbate in the presence of
      phenazine methosulfate or N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine
      dihydrochloride. This oxidase activity depends on phospholipids and is sensitive
      to respiratory inhibitors, such as 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide,
      piericidin A, KCN and NaN3. The divalent cations Zn2+, Cd2+, and Co2+ inhibit the
      oxidase activity extensively. The oxidase activity of the cytochrome b562-o
      complex was inhibited by photoinactivation with rose bengal, suggesting that the
      inhibition by zinc ion results from modification of a histidine residue of
      cytochrome o.

PMID- 6365922
TI  - The standardization of a 'spot-test' ELISA for the rapid screening of sera and
      hybridoma cell products I. The determination of the optimum buffering system.
AB  - Using the different commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA) plates, several sources of albumin were tested along with Tween 20 as
      supplements to the diluting buffer in ELISA for their ability to minimize non
      specific reactions. There was an obligate requirement for Tween 20 (0.05%) but
      the different albumin sources had varied effectiveness on each of the different
      ELISA plates. In general, however, the optimum buffering system was concluded to
      be phosphate-buffered saline supplemented with 0.05% (v/v) Tween 20 and 3% (w/v)
      lactalbumin yeast hydrolysate or bovine serum (plasma) albumin fraction V.

PMID- 6365923
TI  - Family size and social class in nineteenth century Tasmania, Australia.

PMID- 6365924
TI  - Digital subtraction arteriography in the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension.
AB  - Renal digital subtraction arteriography (RDSA) is a relatively safe, simple, and
      inexpensive means of detecting the presence of renovascular disease in
      hypertensive patients. We report our own 15-month experience with RDSA, performed
      on 166 patients because of hypertension, and review the literature. Twenty-eight
      of the patients had arteriography. Using this as a measure, the sensitivity of
      RDSA was 83% and its specificity 96%. RDSA findings are usually conclusive.
      Addition of plain films following the procedure permits evaluation of renal
      parenchyma, collecting systems, ureters, and bladder. Arteriography should be
      reserved for those patients with positive RDSA to be treated by surgery or
      angioplasty, and for the small number of patients who have a non-diagnostic RDSA.
      If renal vein renin sampling is done first, RDSA may be performed at the same
      time. As RDSA becomes more available there will be little place for rapid
      sequence urography in the investigation of hypertension. In patients suspected of
      having renovascular hypertension, the primary mode of investigation should be
      renal DSA.

PMID- 6365925
TI  - Defective neutrophil mobilization to skin chambers in cancer patients.
AB  - The in vivo migration of neutrophils was evaluated in patients affected by
      epithelial carcinoma using the quantitative skin-chamber technique. The results
      demonstrated a significant impairment of the patients' neutrophil migration,
      which was reduced to approximately 4% of that of the controls. Patients' sera
      were able to inhibit the chemotactic responsiveness of normal neutrophils in
      vitro. It is therefore suggested that the defective in vivo migration of
      neutrophils in cancer patients is related to the presence of humoral cell
      directed inhibitory activity. This defect of neutrophil function might contribute
      to the host-defense impairment of carcinoma patients.

PMID- 6365926
TI  - Specific binding of fibronectin--antifibronectin immune complexes to procollagen:
      a new pitfall in immunostaining.
AB  - We observed intense intracellular immunofluorescence of rat lung fibroblasts
      stained with hybridoma culture supernatant containing monoclonal antibodies to
      human plasma fibronectin, but no pericellular matrix staining.
      Immunoprecipitation and absorption experiments revealed that this intracellular
      staining by hybridoma-conditioned medium was due to binding of fibronectin
      antifibronectin immune complexes via the fibronectin to intracellular
      procollagen. The anomalous staining patterns we encountered were not revealed by
      the usual controls for immunohistochemical specificity, and also occurred in rat
      tissue sections. This general phenomena--binding of serum antigens present in
      hybridoma medium to cellular components--could in principle result in artifactual
      staining with monoclonal antibodies to other serum components, so investigators
      using monoclonal antibodies should be aware of this new artifact. Our results
      also demonstrate that fibronectin binds specifically to native procollagen.
      Monoclonal antibodies may be useful for studying fibronectin-procollagen and
      other macromolecular interactions.

PMID- 6365927
TI  - Attachment of vimentin filaments to desmosomal plaques in human meningiomal cells
      and arachnoidal tissue.
AB  - Desmosomal proteins are co-expressed with intermediate-sized filaments (IF) of
      the cytokeratin type in epithelial cells, and these IF are firmly attached to the
      desmosomal plaque. In meningiomal and certain arachnoidal cells, however,
      vimentin IF are attached to desmosomal plaques. Meningiomas obtained after
      surgery, arachnoid "membranes", and arachnoid granulations at autopsy, as well as
      meningiomal cells grown in short-term culture have been examined by single and
      double immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy using antibodies to
      desmoplakins, vimentin, cytokeratins, glial filament protein, neurofilament
      protein, and procollagen. In addition, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of the
      cytoskeletal proteins has been performed. Using all of these techniques, vimentin
      was the only IF protein that was detected in significant amounts. The junctions
      morphologically resembling desmosomes of epithelial cells have been identified as
      true desmosomes by antibodies specific for desmoplakins and they provided the
      membrane attachment sites for the vimentin IF. These findings show that anchorage
      of IF to the cell surface at desmosomal plaques is not restricted to cytokeratin
      IF as in epithelial cells and desmin IF as in cardiac myocytes, suggesting that
      binding to desmosomes and hemidesmosomes is a more common feature of IF
      organization. The co-expression of desmosomal proteins and IF of the vimentin
      type only defines a new class of cell ("desmofibrocyte") and may also provide an
      important histodiagnostic criterion.

PMID- 6365928
TI  - Distribution of urokinase-type plasminogen activator immunoreactivity in the
      mouse.
AB  - Immunocytochemistry, using rabbit antibodies to a urokinase-type 48-Kdalton Mr
      mouse plasminogen activator, showed that enzyme immunoreactivity is widely
      distributed in the normal mouse. Strong staining was obtained in widely
      disseminated connective tissue cells with a fibroblast-like morphology. Such
      cells occurred in high numbers in the lamina propria mucosae of the
      gastrointestinal tract, and in moderate numbers in the connective tissue septa of
      the pancreas. A few such cells were detected around the larynx, trachea, and
      bronchi. Immunoreactivity also occurred in epithelial cells of the proximal and
      distal kidney tubules, the ductus deferens, and in pulmonary pneumocytes. In
      addition, presumably extracellular staining was seen irregularly along the
      basement membrane and fibrillar structures in the lamina propria of the small and
      large intestines. Moreover, decidual cells of the mouse placenta stained
      strongly, and a moderate staining was observed in epithelial cells of involuting
      mammary glands, but not in those of noninvoluting glands. No immunoreactivity was
      observed in endothelial cells. Control experiments included absorption of the
      antibodies against highly-purified mouse plasminogen activator and the
      corresponding proenzyme, and the finding of a good correspondence between the
      number of immunoreactive cells and measurable enzymatic activity determined in
      adjacent tissue sections. Separation by SDS PAGE followed by immunoblotting
      revealed only one immunochemically stainable protein band with Mr approximately
      48 Kdaltons in extracts from tissues showing immunoreactivity.

PMID- 6365929
TI  - Calmodulin-microtubule association in cultured mammalian cells.
AB  - A Triton X-100-lysed cell system has been used to identify calmodulin on the
      cytoskeleton of 3T3 and transformed SV3T3 cells. By indirect immunofluorescence,
      calmodulin was found to be associated with both the cytoplasmic microtubule
      complex and the centrosomes. A number of cytoplasmic microtubules more resistant
      to disassembly upon either cold (0-4 degrees C) or hypotonic treatment, as well
      as following dilution have been identified. Most of the stable microtubules
      appeared to be associated with the centrosome at one end and with the plasma
      membrane at the other end. These microtubules could be induced to depolymerize,
      however, by micromolar Ca++ concentrations. These data suggest that, by
      interacting directly with the microtubule, calmodulin may influence microtubule
      assembly and ensure the Ca++-sensitivity of both mitotic and cytoplasmic
      microtubules.

PMID- 6365930
TI  - Structural rearrangements of tubulin and actin during the cell cycle of the yeast
      Saccharomyces.
AB  - The distribution of actin and tubulin during the cell cycle of the budding yeast
      Saccharomyces was mapped by immunofluorescence using fixed cells from which the
      walls had been removed by digestion. The intranuclear mitotic spindle was shown
      clearly by staining with a monoclonal antitubulin; the presence of extensive
      bundles of cytoplasmic microtubules is reported. In cells containing short
      spindles still entirely within the mother cells, one of the bundles of
      cytoplasmic microtubules nearly always extended to (or into) the bud. Two
      independent reagents (anti-yeast actin and fluorescent phalloidin) revealed an
      unusual distribution of actin: it was present as a set of cortical dots or
      patches and also as distinct fibers that were presumably bundles of actin
      filaments. Double labeling showed that at no stage in the cell cycle do the
      distributions of actin and tubulin coincide for any significant length, and, in
      particular, that the mitotic spindle did not stain detectably for actin. However,
      both microtubule and actin staining patterns change in a characteristic way
      during the cell cycle. In particular, the actin dots clustered in rings about the
      bases of very small buds and at the sites on unbudded cells at which bud
      emergence was apparently imminent. Later in the budding cycle, the actin dots
      were present largely in the buds and, in many strains, primarily at the tips of
      these buds. At about the time of cytokinesis the actin dots clustered in the neck
      region between the separating cells. These aspects of actin distribution suggest
      that it may have a role in the localized deposition of new cell wall material.

PMID- 6365931
TI  - Relationship of actin and tubulin distribution to bud growth in wild-type and
      morphogenetic-mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - The distribution of actin in wild-type cells and in morphogenetic mutants of the
      budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was explored by staining cells with
      fluorochrome-labeled phallotoxins after fixing and permeabilizing the cells by
      several methods. The actin appeared to be localized in a set of cortical spots or
      patches, as well as in a network of cytoplasmic fibers. Bundles of filaments that
      may possibly correspond to the fibers visualized by fluorescence were observed
      with the electron microscope. The putative actin spots were concentrated in small
      and medium-sized buds and at what were apparently the sites of incipient bud
      formation on unbudded cells, whereas the putative actin fibers were generally
      oriented along the long axes of the mother-bud pairs. In several morphogenetic
      mutants that form multiple, abnormally elongated buds, the actin patches were
      conspicuously clustered at the tips of most buds, and actin fibers were clearly
      oriented along the long axes of the buds. There was a strong correlation between
      the occurrence of active growth at particular bud tips and clustering of actin
      spots at those same tips. Near the end of the cell cycle in wild-type cells,
      actin appeared to concentrate (as a cluster of spots or a band) in the neck
      region connecting the mother cell to its bud. Observations made using indirect
      immunofluorescence with a monoclonal anti-yeast-tubulin antibody on the
      morphogenetic mutant cdc4 (which forms multiple, abnormally elongated buds while
      the nuclear cycle is arrested) revealed the surprising occurrence of multiple
      bundles of cytoplasmic microtubules emanating from the one duplicated spindle
      pole body per cell. It seems that most or all of the buds contain one or more of
      these bundles of microtubules, which often can be seen to extend to the very tips
      of the buds. These observations are consistent with the hypotheses that actin,
      tubulin, or both may be involved in the polarization of growth and localization
      of cell-wall deposition that occurs during the yeast cell cycle.

PMID- 6365932
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to laminin reveal the heterogeneity of basement membranes
      in the developing and adult mouse tissues.
AB  - Two monoclonal antibodies raised against laminin isolated from a mouse parietal
      yolk sac cell line were used for immunohistochemical studies of basement
      membranes of the mouse embryo and various fetal and adult tissues. No
      immunoreactivity with either of the two monoclonal antibodies could be detected
      in the preimplantation-stage embryos, although it has been shown that these
      embryos contain extracellular laminin reactive with the conventional polyclonal
      antilaminin antibodies. Reichert's membrane in early postimplantation stages of
      development reacted with the monoclonal antibody LAM-I but not with the antibody
      LAM-II. However, from day 8 of pregnancy onward the Reichert's membrane reacted
      with both antibodies. Basement membranes of the embryo proper were unreactive
      with both monoclonal antibodies until day 12 of pregnancy. By day 14 some
      basement membranes of the fetal tissues became reactive with one or both
      monoclonal antibodies, whereas others remained still unreactive. In the 17-d
      fetus and the newborn mouse most of the basement membranes reacted with both
      monoclonal antibodies, whereas others still reacted with only one. Similar
      heterogeneity in the immunoreactivity of basement membranes of various tissues
      was noted in the adult mouse as well. These results indicate that the
      immunoreactivity of laminin in the extracellular matrix changes during
      development and that the basement membranes in various anatomic locations display
      heterogeneity even in the adult mouse.

PMID- 6365933
TI  - The role of protein breakdown in growth, quiescence, and starvation of vascular
      smooth muscle cells.
AB  - Protein accumulation in growing cells may be due in part to a reduction in the
      rate of protein breakdown. Previous studies of the relation of cell proliferation
      to protein degradation often produced growth arrest by conditions that may
      involve nutritional deprivation. However, nutrient lack can itself accelerate
      proteolysis and produce negative protein balance. We therefore reexamined the
      relation between growth and protein breakdown using a more selective method for
      limiting cell growth. We produced quiescent cell cultures using a chemically
      defined, serum-free medium supplemented with hormones and nutrients. Such media
      can maintain viability and near neutral protein balance in cultured vascular
      smooth muscle cells, in part because of reduced breakdown of cellular protein. We
      then compared rates of protein degradation in these quiescent but not starving
      cells, to those of cultures stimulated to grow by addition of mitogenic
      substances. Platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, or fetuin
      added to insulin-containing medium stimulated growth of smooth muscle cells, but
      further reduced protein breakdown only slightly. Contrary to the implications of
      certain previous studies, our results show that proliferating cells can
      accumulate protein without an appreciable reduction in the rates of protein
      breakdown. Thus, while accelerated proteolysis appears to be an important
      adaptation to adverse nutritional conditions, growth of smooth muscle cells does
      not require changes in overall protein breakdown, but occurs primarily through an
      increase in protein synthesis.

PMID- 6365934
TI  - Specific processing of the bacterial beta-lactamase precursor in Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae.
AB  - Synthesis and processing of the bacterial enzyme beta-lactamase (E.C. 3.5. 2.6)
      were studied in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The 2-micron DNA vector pADH040-2
      containing the yeast ADH1 promoter fused to the bacterial gene was used in order
      to obtain enhanced synthesis of the bacterial protein in yeast transformants.
      Both precursor and mature beta-lactamase were shown to be present in yeast cells,
      the precursor being the major product. The mature enzyme was purified about 500
      fold over crude extracts to apparent homogeneity and thus represents nearly 0.2%
      of the total yeast protein. No difference in specific activity and molecular
      weight could be observed when compared with the authentic beta-lactamase from
      Escherichia coli. Specificity of the processing of beta-lactamase in yeast cells
      was verified by partial amino acid sequence analysis demonstrating the removal of
      the signal peptide at the correct position.

PMID- 6365935
TI  - Posttranslational modification and processing of membrane lipoproteins in
      bacteria.

PMID- 6365936
TI  - Oxygen-dependent microbicidal systems of phagocytes and host defense against
      intracellular protozoa.
AB  - The role of oxygen-dependent microbicidal systems of leukocytes in the host
      defense against the major nonerythrocytic intracellular protozoa which infect man
      -Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma cruzi, and the Leishmania species--is reviewed.
      The hydrogen peroxide-halide-peroxidase microbicidal system is uniformly cidal to
      these organisms in vitro. Peroxidase-independent oxygen product(s) toxicity is
      more variable. Studies to data indicate that phagocytes which contain granule
      peroxidase and which have the capacity to generate a vigorous respiratory burst;
      eg, neutrophils and monocytes, possess substantial activity against these
      protozoa. The absence of granule peroxidase together with the markedly attenuated
      respiratory burst of resident macrophages leaves these cells with a severe
      microbicidal defect. These protozoa can enter resident macrophages in the absence
      of antibody and survive and replicate within the intracellular environment.
      Enhancement of the antiparasite activity of resident macrophages can be
      accomplished either by activation of these cells by exposure to sensitized T-cell
      products, or by the introduction of exogenous peroxidase into the vacuole. Other
      factors influencing the ability of protozoa to survive intracellularly include
      the capacity of these organisms to avoid effective triggering of the macrophage
      respiratory burst and the levels of endogenous scavengers of oxygen products
      within the parasite.

PMID- 6365938
TI  - Binding affinity of monoiodinated insulin tracers isolated after reversed-phase
      high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Insulin and insulin monoiodinated in tyrosine A14, A19, B16 and B26 can be
      separated using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on a number
      of C18 columns eluted with acetonitrile containing triethylammonium phosphate or
      acetate buffers. The monoiodoinsulins can be isolated using lyophilization, gel
      chromatography, or Sep-Pak purification. Compared with similar tracers purified
      and isolated by disc electrophoresis-ion-exchange chromatography, the resulting
      binding affinities to adipocytes of the purified tracers are more or less reduced
      dependent on the choice of column support, buffer, separation temperature, and
      isolation procedure.

PMID- 6365937
TI  - Pyrazolopyrimidine metabolism in Leishmania and trypanosomes: significant
      differences between host and parasite.
AB  - The pathogenic hemoflagellates of the genera Leishmania and Trypanosoma are major
      causes of human disease in the tropical and subtropical areas of the world. In
      general, the agents used to treat diseases caused by these organisms are toxic
      and not suitable for administration to the millions of people infected.
      Investigations over the past several years have shown that there are several
      major differences between man and these protozoans with respect to purine
      metabolism. The differences appear to offer promise for the development of
      effective chemotherapeutic compounds. These organisms do not synthesize purines
      de novo, as does man. They are able to concentrate pyrazolopyrimidines with the
      cell and metabolize them as purines through the salvage pathways, ultimately
      incorporating them into nucleic acids. This does not occur in mammals. The
      pyrazolopyrimidine base allopurinol, which has served as a prototype, is
      activated by a phosphoribosyltransferase to the ribonucleotide. The
      ribonucleotide is aminated to the 4-amino-pyrazolopyrimidine ribonucleotide and
      subsequently phosphorylated to the triphosphate form and incorporated into RNA.
      The pyrazolopyrimidine ribonucleosides formycin B and allopurinol ribonucleoside
      are activated through a nucleoside phosphotransferase. The resulting
      ribonucleotide is aminated and incorporated into RNA as described above. These
      metabolic peculiarities occur not only in the forms of these parasites which are
      found in the insect vectors but also in the intracellular forms which are
      pathogenic in man. The differences in the enzymology and metabolism of purines
      which exist in the genera Leishmania and Trypanosoma offer excellent
      opportunities for chemotherapeutic exploitation.

PMID- 6365939
TI  - Multiple inverse isotope dilution assay for cadralazine and four metabolites in
      biological fluids.
AB  - An inverse isotope dilution assay was developed for the specific determination of
      14C-labelled cadralazine and four of its metabolites in biological samples. After
      addition of unlabelled carrier substances to the sample, metabolite IV was
      derivatized. The derivative and the unaltered compounds (I, II, III, V) were
      extracted and separated by high-performance liquid chromatography on silica gel.
      Quantitation was performed by on-line ultraviolet detection at 274 nm and off
      line radiometry by liquid scintillation counting. Endogenous compounds and
      unknown metabolites did not interfere in the assay. The analysis of water, plasma
      and urine samples spiked with [14C]cadralazine showed mean recoveries between
      98.4 and 101.3%. The lower limit of detection was 10 nmol/1 (3 ng/ml) for any of
      the compounds I-V. The method was used for the analysis of plasma and urine
      samples of rats dosed with [14C]cadralazine.

PMID- 6365940
TI  - Fractionation of glycoproteins according to lectin affinity and molecular size
      using a high-performance liquid chromatography system with sequentially coupled
      columns.
AB  - The lectin phytohaemagglutinin was coupled to porous silica (10 micron) and used
      as adsorbent in a high-performance liquid affinity column sequentially coupled to
      a TSK-G 3000SW gel permeation column. This system was used for high-speed
      separation/analysis of human serum glycoproteins according to their lectin
      affinity and molecular size. Serum samples could be resolved in at least six
      different peaks representing glycoproteins exhibiting different molecular weights
      but with a carbohydrate content compatible with the specificity of
      phytohaemagglutinin.

PMID- 6365941
TI  - Hypoglycemic therapy in patients diagnosed to have diabetes at 30 years of age or
      older.
AB  - Treatment patterns were investigated for a population of diabetic persons
      diagnosed at 30 years of age or older who received primary medical care in an
      eleven county area in southern Wisconsin. Of the 6074 patients who met the
      diagnostic criteria for diabetes, 51% received their primary care from
      internists, 35% from general practitioners, and 14% from family practitioners.
      Insulin usage was more frequent in patients with a longer duration of diabetes,
      younger age at diagnosis and poor recent glucose control. Prescription of oral
      medications increased with increasing current age and age at diagnosis. A greater
      proportion of the patients of internists than those of general practitioners were
      treated with insulin. Oral hypoglycemic agents were prescribed more frequently
      for patients of general practitioners than for patients of internists. These
      differences remained after controlling for duration, age at diagnosis, and status
      of recent glucose control. Therefore, practitioner type is associated with
      treatment prescribed for diabetic patients diagnosed after 30 years of age.

PMID- 6365942
TI  - Salt taste and hypertension: a critical review of the literature.
AB  - Studies of the salt taste sensitivity, responsiveness, preference, and appetite
      of normotensive and hypertensive individuals have yielded therapeutic,
      diagnostic, predictive, and mechanistic findings related to hypertension.
      Following a brief description of the nature of these taste parameters, findings
      pertaining to the association between each and hypertension are critically
      reviewed. Potential clinical implications of this information, as well as the
      need to exercise caution in the translation of taste data into dietary practice
      are also discussed.

PMID- 6365943
TI  - Role of antidiuretic hormone in impaired water excretion of patients with
      congestive heart failure.
AB  - Plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH), PRA, plasma osmolality, and the parameters of
      renal water excretion were measured after overnight dehydration and for 5 h after
      an oral load in 14 patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) treated with
      diuretics (group 1), 8 hypertensive patients without CHF also treated with
      diuretics (group 2), and 11 patients with coronary artery disease but without CHF
      who were not treated with diuretics (group 3). Under basal conditions, mean
      plasma osmolality was lower in group 1 than in group 3, but was not different in
      groups 1 and 2. Mean plasma ADH was higher in group 1 than in group 2 or 3. In
      response to the water load, plasma osmolality and plasma ADH levels decreased in
      the 3 groups. ADH levels remained significantly greater in group 1 than in groups
      2 and 3 from 2-4 h after the water load despite more marked hypoosmolality in
      group 1 compared with that in either of the 2 control groups. Plasma ADH was
      significantly correlated with plasma osmolality only in the 2 control groups.
      Mean PRA was greater in patients with CHF and patients without CHF treated with
      diuretics than in untreated patients. Cumulative water excretion was lower in
      patients with CHF than in patients in the 2 control groups from 2-5 h after the
      water load. At 5 h, the mean percentage excretion of the ingested loads was
      56.8%, 90.7%, and 91.2% in the patients of groups 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Free
      water clearance was lower and minimal urinary osmolality was greater in the
      patients with CHF than in those in the 2 control groups. Two patients with CHF,
      who excreted more than 75% of the water load, also had low plasma basal ADH
      levels. These data show that patients with CHF have an inappropriate response of
      plasma ADH to a marked fall in plasma osmolality. This disorder is not due to the
      diuretic therapy, since hypertensive patients treated with diuretics behaved
      similarly to untreated patients without CHF. The reasons for this inappropriate
      response of plasma ADH during a water load in patients with CHF are probably
      multifactorial.

PMID- 6365944
TI  - Augmented gastric inhibitory polypeptide and insulin responses to a meal after an
      increase in carbohydrate (sucrose) intake.
AB  - The gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) response to certain stimuli may be
      exaggerated in patients with obesity and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
      To explore the effects of increased caloric intake and dietary composition on GIP
      secretion, 20 normal lean volunteers underwent a 4-week ambulatory study. A
      baseline week (usual diet) was followed by 3 weeks in which the usual diet was
      supplemented with 45 g fat (diet A), 100 g carbohydrate in the form of sucrose
      (diet B), or 50 g protein (diet C) for 1 week each. Almost equal numbers of
      subjects followed sequence ABC, BCA, or CAB in this cross-over study. At the end
      of the baseline week and each study week, serum glucose, insulin, and GIP were
      measured in response to a 500-cal liquid test meal. Daily intake of carbohydrate,
      protein, or fat, as monitored by food records, increased significantly (P less
      than 0.01) during the appropriate dietary periods, whereas body weight changed
      slightly, but not significantly, during the 3 study periods. No changes occurred
      in the total integrated serum glucose concentrations, whereas integrated insulin
      concentrations changed significantly (P less than 0.05), being 32.5 +/- 3.1 (+/-
      SEM), 37.2 +/- 4.0, and 30.3 +/- 3.1 microU/ml min-1 during periods A, B, and C,
      respectively. Insulin secretion was greatest during period B, the carbohydrate
      week, when insulin concentrations 15-60 min after the test meal were
      significantly greater (P less than 0.05 to P less than 0.01) than after the
      baseline period. Total integrated incremental serum GIP concentrations were also
      significantly different (P less than 0.01) during the 3 study periods, being 1.93
      +/- 0.13, 2.53 +/- 0.24, and 1.90 +/- 0.11 ng/ml min-1 during A, B, and C,
      respectively. Serum GIP was highest during period B (carbohydrate), when average
      concentrations were significantly higher (P less than 0.01) 15-60 min after the
      meal compared to those during the baseline study. Similar changes did not occur
      with the other diets. Thus, GIP and insulin secretion were substantially altered
      by an acute increase in sucrose intake. The exaggerated GIP response to a meal in
      some patients with obesity may possibly be the result of adaptation of intestinal
      GIP cells to diet, particularly one rich in sucrose.

PMID- 6365945
TI  - Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy decreases insulin resistance in
      type 1 diabetes.
AB  - The influence of continuous sc insulin infusion therapy for 6 weeks on
      sensitivity to insulin (euglycemic clamp technique) and hepatic glucose
      production (3-[3H]glucose technique) was measured in 10 type 1 diabetic patients
      whose mean duration of diabetes was 8 yr. Mean diurnal blood glucose fell from
      8.5 +/- 0.8 (SEM) mmol/liter to 6.0 +/- 0.6 mmol/liter (P less than 0.05) and
      glycosylated hemoglobin from 10.5 +/- 0.4% to 8.7 +/- 0.3%. Insulin requirements
      declined by 23% from 47 +/- 4 U/day prepump to 36 +/- 2 U/day after 6 weeks of
      pump therapy (P less than 0.01). During the insulin clamp, plasma insulin was
      maintained at approximately 90 mU/liter and plasma glucose at approximately 5.0
      mmol/liter in all studies. The rate of glucose metabolism in diabetic patients
      during conventional therapy (4.65 +/- 0.41 mg/kg X min) was 35% lower than in
      normal subjects (7.20 +/- 0.42 mg/kg X min, n = 14, P less than 0.001). After 6
      weeks of pump therapy, total glucose uptake increased by 27% to 5.90 +/- 0.60
      mg/kg X min, P less than 0.05 vs. prepump). This was still 18% lower than in the
      normal subjects (P less than 0.05). Basal hepatic glucose production in the
      diabetic patients during conventional therapy (3.07 +/- 0.14 mg/kg X min) was 70%
      higher than in the normal subjects (1.79 +/- 0.07 mg/kg X min, n = 7, P less than
      0.001). After 6 weeks of pump therapy, hepatic glucose production fell to 2.48 +/
      0.19 mg/kg X min (P less than 0.05), which was still 40% higher than in the
      normal subjects (P less than 0.01). Basal hepatic glucose production was directly
      related to the fasting plasma glucose level (r = 0.67, P less than 0.001) and
      inversely proportional to fasting insulin concentration (r = -0.48, P less than
      0.05) in the diabetic patients. Specific tracer insulin binding to erythrocytes
      in the diabetic patients (19.4 +/- 1.5%) was comparable to that in the normal
      subjects (19.6 +/- 1.2%) and remained unchanged during pump therapy. Thus the
      improved metabolic control resulting from pump therapy is associated with
      enhancement in sensitivity to insulin, and reduction in basal hepatic glucose
      production.

PMID- 6365946
TI  - Insulin receptors in acute infection: a study of factors conferring insulin
      resistance.
AB  - Acute infections are accompanied by tissue insulin resistance, as manifested by
      worsening of metabolic control in diabetic patients and decreased glucose
      tolerance in non-diabetic subjects. To clarify the potential role of altered
      insulin receptor status in this phenomenon, we studied [125I]insulin binding to
      monocytes in 7 otherwise healthy subjects during acute bacterial and viral
      infections of moderate severity. The values were compared to those obtained after
      convalescence (five patients) and those of 24 normal subjects. Insulin binding
      during infection, at a time when insulin resistance was demonstrable, was
      indistinguishable from convalescent or normal values. Plasma glucose and insulin
      levels, the insulin to glucose ratio, as well as plasma GH, cortisol, and FFA
      were significantly elevated during infection, while plasma glucagon, epinephrine,
      and norepinephrine levels were normal. We conclude that insofar as monocyte
      receptors are representative of other tissues, insulin resistance in infection is
      mediated at the postreceptor level.

PMID- 6365947
TI  - Stimulation of LH fragments with reduced bioactivity following GnRH agonist
      administration in women.
AB  - In eumenorrheic women with endometriosis and in oligo-amenorrheic women with
      polycystic ovarian disease (PCO), chronic administration of a long-acting GnRH
      agonist (GnRH-a) reduced the circulating concentrations of estrogens and
      androgens to levels similar to those of castrated women. The concommittant
      elevation of LH in both groups suggested that the measured immunoreactive LH had
      reduced bioactivity. In seven women with endometriosis, bioactive LH (BA LH)
      measured as the in-vitro secretion of testosterone by dispersed Leydig cells, was
      significantly (p less than 0.001) reduced from 10.8 +/- 1.2 (SEM) to 4.4 +/- 0.2
      mIU/ml at the end of 28 days of GnRH-a therapy. In five women with PCO, BA LH
      decreased from 44.2 +/- 15.5 to 5.7 +/- 0.6 mIU/ml (p = 0.06). These changes of
      BA LH appeared to be responsible for the suppression of ovarian androgen
      secretion during GnRH-a treatment and in turn may have contributed to the
      profound decreases of estrogen production by reducing the amount of precursor
      androgen available for aromatization. Free alpha subunit levels increased
      simultaneously with the decrease of BA LH at the end of therapy, suggesting a
      post-receptor effect of GnRH-a. Beta subunit levels became undetectable. Cross
      reaction of alpha subunit in the RIA for LH was sufficient to only partially
      account for the LH levels measured. On sephadex G-100 chromatography the excess
      immunoreactive material was detected at and immediately following the alpha
      subunit tracer. Further studies will be necessary to elucidate the chemical
      nature of the immunoreactive LH secreted during GnRH-a therapy.

PMID- 6365948
TI  - Rapid transport of biologically intact insulin through cultured endothelial
      cells.
AB  - Mono A14-[125I]-iodoinsulin was incubated with cultured endothelial cells derived
      from bovine pulmonary arteries at physiologic conditions. The processing of the
      cell-bound A14-[125I]-iodoinsulin was evaluated by trichloroacetic acid
      precipitation, gel filtration and high performance liquid chromatography. In
      contrast to insulin processing in many other cell types, approximately 95% of
      cell bound insulin was dissociated from the cells in less than 15 minutes, and
      biologically intact insulin rapidly passed through the endothelial cells. The
      unique location of endothelial cells coupled with the ability of rapid transport
      of intact insulin are consistent with an endothelial role for either the
      transport of insulin out of the bloodstream or as an extra-pancreatic storage
      area for insulin.

PMID- 6365949
TI  - Preincubation of donor bone marrow cells with a combination of murine monoclonal
      anti-T-cell antibodies without complement does not prevent graft-versus-host
      disease after allogeneic marrow transplantation.
AB  - Protection of mice against graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) can be accomplished
      by incubating donor marrow with anti-T-cell antisera or with anti-Thy-1
      monoclonal antibody. Incubation of donor marrow with a single anti-T-cell
      monoclonal antibody, however, does not prevent GVHD in humans. Therefore, we
      carried out a clinical trial to determine the effect of treatment of donor marrow
      with a combination of eight anti-T-cell antibodies in the absence of complement.
      The nine patients were genotypically HLA identical with their donors and received
      methotrexate postgrafting. Prompt engraftment occurred in eight patients. Of six
      patients surviving at least 40 days with sustained engraftment, three had severe
      (grade III or IV) GVHD. Thus, there is no evidence that treatment of donor marrow
      with murine anti-T-cell monoclonal antibodies as described here can prevent GVHD.

PMID- 6365950
TI  - Lymphotoxin detected in the blister fluid of bullous pemphigoid patients.
AB  - The role of lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of bullous pemphigoid was examined by
      assaying the blister fluid obtained from bullous pemphigoid patients for the
      presence of the lymphokine, lymphotoxin. Blister fluids from six bullous
      pemphigoid were assayed on L-929 target cells for the presence of cytolytic
      molecules in the standard lymphotoxin assay. Three of six blister fluids obtained
      from bullous pemphigoid patients and one linear IgA bullous dermatosis patient
      contained significant levels of cytolytic activity. Control blister fluids from
      suction blisters, herpes, pemphigus, and toxic epidermal necrolysis patients did
      not contain cytolytic activity. Serum from five bullous pemphigoid patients also
      had no cytolytic activity. Neutralization studies using rabbit anti-alpha
      lymphotoxin demonstrated that 54 to 88% of the cytolytic activity found in
      bullous pemphigoid blister fluid was due to alpha-lymphotoxin. These results
      indicate that lymphotoxin is locally released in the skin of bullous pemphigoid
      lesions and is detectable in blister fluids.

PMID- 6365951
TI  - [Glomerular lesions in the transplanted kidney].

PMID- 6365952
TI  - Comparison of plasmid profile analysis, phage typing, and antimicrobial
      susceptibility testing in characterizing Salmonella typhimurium isolates from
      outbreaks.
AB  - We compared the phage types, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and plasmid
      profiles of 20 groups of isolates received at the Centers for Disease Control
      from Salmonella typhimurium outbreaks between 1975 and 1982 to determine the most
      useful laboratory method for identifying epidemiologically related isolates of S.
      typhimurium. In 18 (90%) of the 20 outbreaks, epidemiologically related isolates
      were identified as being the same by each of the three methods. In a subgroup of
      nine outbreaks in which isolates unrelated to the outbreak were submitted for
      comparison, outbreak isolates were differentiated from such control isolates six
      times (67%) by phage typing alone, four times (44%) by antimicrobial
      susceptibility testing alone, and eight times (89%) by plasmid profile analysis
      alone. Epidemic isolates were multiply susceptible, nontypable, or without
      plasmids in 14 (70%), 1 (5%), and 3 (15%), respectively, of the 20 outbreaks.
      Plasmid analysis appeared to be at least as specific as phage typing in
      identifying epidemiologically related isolates of S. typhimurium as being the
      same or in differentiating them from control specimens; both techniques appeared
      to be superior to antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

PMID- 6365953
TI  - Clinical evaluation of the lysis-centrifugation blood culture system for the
      detection of fungemia and comparison with a conventional biphasic broth blood
      culture system.
AB  - In a comparative fungal blood culture study, a lysis-centrifugation system
      (Isolator; Du Pont Co., Wilmington, Del.) detected 89% of all episodes of
      fungemia; the lysis-centrifugation system detected fungemia exclusively or
      significantly earlier than did a biphasic brain heart infusion bottle system 83%
      of the time. The lysis-centrifugation system was particularly useful in the early
      detection of fungemia caused by Candida tropicalis and Candida glabrata. In 53%
      of the clinically significant episodes, the earlier detection was directly
      helpful in the management of patients with fungemia. High-magnitude candidemia
      (greater than 5 CFU/ml of blood) was significantly associated with the presence
      of an infected intravascular catheter and with Candida species other than Candida
      albicans. The lysis-centrifugation system was sensitive in the detection of
      fungemia during the monitoring of patients receiving antifungal agents or after
      removal of an infected intravascular catheter.

PMID- 6365954
TI  - Analysis of Campylobacter jejuni antigens with monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - To develop monoclonal reagents for antigenic analysis and serotyping of
      Campylobacter spp., hybridoma cell lines were produced by fusion of mouse myeloma
      cells and spleen cells from mice immunized with Formalin-treated Campylobacter
      jejuni organisms. An enzyme immunoassay was used for preliminary screening of the
      cell culture supernatants and ascites. Twenty-nine clones which reacted with the
      immunogen were obtained. Seven of these clones were positive in passive
      hemagglutination tests with sheep erythrocytes coated with boiled saline extract
      of whole bacteria; four of these reacted with the purified polysaccharide
      preparation and with the autoclaved saline extract, but not with
      lipopolysaccharide prepared from the immunogen strain. Two of the
      antipolysaccharide clones agglutinated live bacteria in slide tests. Four
      additional clones gave positive slide agglutination tests with live bacteria, but
      in tube testing no clones agglutinated Formalin-treated bacteria. No cross
      reactions with unrelated bacteria were seen, but several clones reacted in the
      enzyme immunoassay with many of the 24 Campylobacter strains studied. The clone
      which gave the highest mean enzyme immunoassay values with Campylobacter coli and
      C. jejuni strains also reacted with Campylobacter fetus subsp. veneralis and C.
      fetus subsp. fetus strains. This clone also gave the highest enzyme immunoassay
      value with an acid glycine extract of the immunogen, which indicates the presence
      of common antigens in the extract. The results suggest that monoclonal antibodies
      may be used to devise serotyping schemes for Campylobacter spp.

PMID- 6365955
TI  - Comparative evaluation of the API 20S system and the automicrobic system gram
      positive identification card for species identification of streptococci.
AB  - Two commercial methods, the API 20S system (API; Analytab Products, Inc.,
      Plainview, N.Y.) and the Gram-Positive Identification Card (GPI; Vitek Systems,
      Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.), were evaluated without additional tests for the
      identification of 241 streptococcus strains. Organisms included 60 beta-hemolytic
      strains, 36 group D strains, 26 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains, and 119
      viridans streptococcus strains. API correctly identified to species 68.3% of beta
      hemolytic strains, 86.1% of group D strains, 53.9% of S. pneumoniae strains, and
      12.6% of viridans streptococci. This method provided excellent identification of
      group A and B and S. faecalis strains. Overall, API correctly identified 41.9% of
      strains to species, with 41.1% good likelihood but low selectivity, 15.8%
      incorrect, and 1.2% not identified. GPI correctly identified to species 58.3% of
      beta-hemolytic strains, 97.2% of group D strains, 80.8% of S. pneumoniae strains,
      and 57.2% of viridans streptococci. Group A, B, and D strains were all accurately
      identified by this system. Overall, GPI correctly identified to species 66.0% of
      strains, with 8.7% correct preliminary identification, 20.8% incorrect, and 4.6%
      not identified. Both methods represent a worthwhile advance in streptococcal
      identification. Neither system, however, can be recommended for species
      identification of the viridans group at this time.

PMID- 6365957
TI  - Quantitation of bacteria in cerebrospinal fluid and blood of children with
      meningitis and its diagnostic significance.
AB  - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from pediatric patients with meningitis were
      examined for their concentration of microbes and the relationship of this count
      to the bacteremia levels, microscopy results, and polymorphonuclear leukocyte
      concentration. A total of 2,031 consecutive CSF specimens were analyzed, of which
      63 (3.1%) were positive by culture from the same number of patients. We observed
      that 85% of the total CSF specimens positive for Haemophilus influenzae type b,
      Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis
      had counts in excess of 10(3) CFU/ml, with 56% of the specimens exceeding 10(5)
      CFU/ml. A correlation existed between the number of organisms present in the CSF
      and blood. For example, from a total of 22 patients who had counts of H.
      influenzae greater than 10(3) CFU/ml in the CSF, 16 or 73% had levels of
      bacteremia greater than 10(3) CFU/ml. It was also noted that the bacterial
      concentration had a profound effect on the sensitivity of microscopy. The
      percentage of positive results increased from 25% with less than or equal to
      10(3) CFU/ml to 60% in the range of greater than 10(3) to 10(5) CFU/ml and to 97%
      at concentrations of greater than 10(5) CFU/ml. Furthermore, a significant
      correlation (P less than 0.01) was noted between the concentration of bacteria in
      the CSF and the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes observed on microscopy.

PMID- 6365956
TI  - Methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide-based medium for rapid isolation and
      identification of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Escherichia coli is the most common gram-negative microbe isolated and identified
      in clinical microbiology laboratories. It can be identified within 1 h by
      oxidase, indole, lactose, and beta-glucuronidase tests. The oxidase and indole
      tests are performed as spot tests, and lactose fermentation is read directly from
      MacConkey agar. It was found that 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide could
      be incorporated directly into a modified MacConkey agar to directly detect the
      presence of beta-glucuronidase. Other characteristics of MacConkey agar were not
      affected. The incorporation of 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide into
      modified agar obviated the need for manufacture, quality control, and incubation
      of reagent-containing test tubes. The time needed to identify E. coli strains was
      reduced from 1 h to 5 min, and the ability to detect this species in mixed
      specimens was also enhanced.

PMID- 6365958
TI  - Comparison of two commercially available test methods with conventional coagulase
      tests for identification of Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - The API STAPHase (Analytab Products, Inc., Plainview, N.Y.) and SeroSTAT Staph
      (Scott Laboratories, Fiskville, R.I.) tests were compared to the conventional
      tube coagulase test and a slide coagulase test by using fresh isolates of members
      of the family Micrococcaceae. The 4-h, 24-h, and combined readings of the tube
      coagulase test detected 94.5, 99.5 and 100%, respectively, of 219 Staphylococcus
      aureus isolates. The API STAPHase, SeroSTAT Staph, and slide coagulase tests
      detected 95.9, 95.4 and 95.9% of the isolates of S. aureus, respectively. There
      were no false-positive results with any of the systems when tested with 103
      strains of members of the family Micrococcaceae other than S. aureus. We
      concluded that the STAPHase and SeroSTAT Staph tests were equal in accuracy to
      the slide coagulase and 4-h tube coagulase tests and were suitable for use in the
      clinical microbiology laboratory. However, SeroSTAT Staph gave faster results
      than the API STAPHase, and the test was easier to perform. Also, the false
      negative rate was high enough with the STAPHase, SeroSTAT Staph, and the slide
      coagulase tests that all negative reactions should be confirmed with a tube test.

PMID- 6365959
TI  - Evaluation of the API 20 Strep system for species identification of streptococci
      isolated from bovine mastitis.
AB  - A new commercial system (API 20 Strep) for the species identification of
      streptococci associated with bovine mastitis was compared with the conventional
      biochemical methods. A total of 84 strains, including Streptococcus agalactiae
      (13), S. dysgalactiae (16), S. uberis (24), S. faecalis (12), S. faecium (5), and
      S. bovis (14) were tested. Using profile index and table data issued by the
      manufacturer, we identified 71.4% of strains by the API 20 Strep system. Our
      results indicate that improvement of the identification key is needed for
      accurate identification of streptococci isolated from bovine mastitis.

PMID- 6365960
TI  - Development and evaluation of a coculture technique for identification of
      anaerobic organisms.
AB  - We investigated a method to reduce oxygen tension and produce anaerobic
      conditions conveniently by coculture with a nonfermentative organism. The
      biochemical reactions of 94 strains representing 41 different species were
      determined using prereduced media and gas chromatography according to standard
      methods. The standard reactions were compared with those obtained by preparing
      similar media, modified by containing no cysteine or resazurin, under aerobic
      conditions. Preincubation of the modified biochemical media with a standard
      suspension of a culture of Acinetobacter lwoffi provided reducing conditions. In
      1,449 individual tests using 22 different biochemicals, 1,349 (93%) of the
      reactions agreed. Only two misidentifications resulted when using the modified
      media, one each at the species and genus levels. Two strains of Actinomyces
      odontolyticus failed to grow in coculture.

PMID- 6365961
TI  - Rapid detection of bacteriuria by laser nephelometry.
AB  - A total of 1,002 urine specimens were evaluated by laser nephelometry. This
      technique was compared with both colony counts, done with a calibrated loop, and
      serial dilutions. For urine specimens containing between 10(4) and 10(5) bacteria
      per ml, laser nephelometry detected 75.4% of those detected by colony count and
      65.6% of those detected by serial dilution. For specimens where the concentration
      of bacteria was greater than 10(5) per ml, laser nephelometry detected 95.8 and
      92.4% of those detected by colony count and serial dilution, respectively. The
      mean detection time for bacteriuria varied from 1.57 h for more than 10(5)
      bacteria per ml to 4.47 h for more than 10(4) bacteria per ml. To determine the
      number of bacteria according to the voltage growth curve, the passage time at 3 V
      was used as an index. The mean passage time at 3 V decreased from 5.18 h for
      fewer than 10(4) bacteria per ml to 1.42 h for more than 10(6) bacteria per ml.
      The mean passage time at 3 V differed significantly for different concentrations
      of bacteria. Thus, this index allowed us to predict the number of bacteria in the
      urine specimens. Laser nephelometry has been used for many years for the
      immunological determination of proteins; it can now also be considered a tool for
      rapid screening in bacteriology.

PMID- 6365962
TI  - Immunoglobulin A protease activity of Ureaplasma urealyticum.
AB  - All of 14 serotype standards and 34 of 35 wild-type strains of Ureaplasma
      urealyticum isolated from humans demonstrated an immunoglobulin A (IgA) protease
      activity. This activity degraded radiolabeled human IgA including IgA1 but not
      IgG or azocasein. The IgA fragments were detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by radioautography, and they had
      molecular weights of about 110,000 and 50,000. The IgA protease activity
      persisted in 25 mM EDTA but was sensitive to trypsin; it was presumed to be
      protein. This is the fourth microbial genus and the first myocoplasma species in
      which an IgA protease activity has been identified. Such activity was absent in
      Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma hominis, and Acholeplasma laidlawii.

PMID- 6365963
TI  - Enzyme immunoassay for rabies antibody in hybridoma culture fluids and its
      application to differentiation of street and laboratory strains of rabies virus.
AB  - A rapid and sensitive enzyme immunoassay is described for detecting rabies
      antibody in hybridoma culture fluids. Glass fiber filter disks were used to
      immobilize gamma-irradiated mouse neuroblastoma cells infected with street or
      laboratory strains of rabies virus. Bound rabies-specific antibody was detected
      by reaction with horseradish peroxidase-labeled goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin G.
      The assay was performed in a 96-well filtration device developed by Cleveland et
      al. (J. Clin. Microbiol. 15:402-407, 1982) for the typing of herpes simplex
      viruses. When partially disrupted cells were used, both internal and external
      viral antigens were available for reaction. The procedure is rapid (less than 4 h
      for completion) and requires only small amounts of fluid, and the gamma
      irradiated antigen is noninfectious. When the procedure was used to screen 145
      fluids from rabies-immune spleen-myeloma cell fusions, 132 were positive for
      rabies antibody. Other commonly used assays for the detection of rabies-specific
      antibody were less sensitive. Simultaneous analyses of many hybridoma fluids
      against a battery of street and laboratory strains of rabies virus are possible
      and allow rapid selection of useful monoclones.

PMID- 6365964
TI  - Naturally acquired rabies in an eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus).
AB  - Rabies in an Eastern chipmunk was detected by fluorescent-antibody testing and
      mouse inoculation. The results were independently confirmed, and the virus was
      recovered from tissue culture.

PMID- 6365965
TI  - Effect of storage of the du Pont lysis-centrifugation system on recovery of
      bacteria and fungi in a prospective clinical trial.
AB  - A commercially available lysis-centrifugation system was compared with a
      conventional biphasic brain heart infusion medium in a prospective clinical study
      of 5,125 fungal blood cultures. Recovery rates were compared between two time
      periods to assess the effect of 25 degrees C storage before processing by the
      lysis-centrifugation system. The lysis-centrifugation tubes processed within 9 h
      showed a significantly higher yield (3.4 versus 1.49%) for yeasts (Candida
      glabrata), filamentous fungi (Histoplasma capsulatum), and bacteria (8.84 versus
      7.34%) (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens) than did those processed
      after 9 h.

PMID- 6365966
TI  - Whole-cell peroxidase test for identification of Legionella pneumophila.
AB  - A simple combined peroxidase-catalase test has been developed which is applicable
      to live bacterial cells. Known strains of Legionella pneumophila were
      differentiated from other species of Legionella by being peroxidase positive and
      catalase negative.

PMID- 6365967
TI  - Use of the Autobac IDX system for rapid identification of Enterobacteriaceae and
      nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli.
AB  - The Autobac IDX system was evaluated for its ability to accurately identify 290
      gram-negative bacilli from 18 different genera. Excluding isolates with a low
      identification probability, the overall sensitivity of the system was found to be
      95.8%. Late lactose-fermenting Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, and
      Proteus mirabilis accounted for over 90% of the misidentifications. The Autobac
      IDX system offers a rapid and reliable method for the identification of gram
      negative bacilli.

PMID- 6365968
TI  - Contamination of cultures processed with the isolator lysis-centrifugation blood
      culture tube.
AB  - Overall contamination (on- plus off-streak) of the Isolator (Du Pont Co.) blood
      culture tube (23%) was greater than that of a conventional broth blood culture
      bottle (0.6%) or that of a biphasic blood culture bottle (1.3%). To determine the
      source of this contamination, Isolator cultures of blood from 59 healthy
      volunteers and of sterile broth from 60 vials were made. A total of 37% of the
      blood cultures and 22% of the broth cultures were contaminated (P = 0.06).
      Staphylococcus epidermidis-contaminated cultures represented 31 and 10% of the
      blood and broth cultures, respectively (P = 0.06). Contamination of plates
      processed on a bench top, in front of horizontal laminar flow, and in a
      biological safety cabinet with vertical laminar flow were compared. Processing
      plates in a biological safety cabinet resulted in a significant reduction in the
      number of contaminated plates (P less than 0.05). The contamination rate for
      7,874 Isolator blood cultures processed in the biological safety cabinet was
      significantly decreased to 6.7% on-streak (9.3% on- plus off-streak).
      Contamination of Isolator-processed blood cultures originated from the laboratory
      and the patient. The former can be reduced by inoculating plates in a vertical
      laminar flow biological safety cabinet and by maintaining adequate quality
      control of media. The latter may be unavoidable.

PMID- 6365969
TI  - A 30-year experience with bone graft epiphysiodesis in the treatment of slipped
      capital femoral epiphysis.
AB  - A retrospective review was carried out of all cases treated by bone graft
      epiphysiodesis for slipped capital femoral epiphysis at Children's Hospital
      Medical Center of Akron between the years 1950 and 1980. Only those cases
      followed for a minimum of 1 year following treatment were included in the review
      and evaluated as to their status of avascular necrosis, acute cartilage necrosis,
      or other complications attendant to the surgical approach. One hundred seventy
      six patients representing 207 hips underwent bone graft epiphysiodesis over this
      30-year period. One hundred fifty-nine patients representing 185 hips were
      followed a minimum of 1 year and were included in this study. There were 25 cases
      of acute slipping representing 26 hips and 134 patients representing 159 hips
      involved with the chronic slipping process. In the acute group of patients
      representing 26 hips, there were two cases of avascular necrosis and one case of
      acute cartilage necrosis. In the chronic group of 159 hips, there were four cases
      of reslipping, one due to graft resorption, one due to placement of the graft
      short the growth plate, and two that went on to acute slipping. All cases were
      salvaged with good results. There was one case of avascular necrosis in the
      chronic group; not a single case of acute cartilage necrosis was encountered.
      Owing to the rapid nature of growth plate closure following bone graft
      epiphysiodesis, the avoidance of hardware removal or pin penetration, and the
      extremely low incidence of overall complications, we suggest that bone graft
      epiphysiodesis is at least as good as multiple pin fixation in the treatment of
      slipped capital femoral epiphysis.

PMID- 6365971
TI  - Systemic circulatory adjustments to acute hypoxia and reoxygenation in
      unanesthetized sheep. Role of renin, angiotensin II, and catecholamine
      interactions.
AB  - The hemodynamic consequences of the hypoxic inhibition of angiotensin-converting
      enzyme activity were studied in chronically instrumented unanesthetized sheep (n
      = 8) breathing a hypoxic gas mixture for 60 min (PaO2 = 31 mm Hg) followed by
      reoxygenation with room air. Changes in cardiac output, vascular pressures, blood
      flow distribution, arterial pH, PaCO2, PaO2, and arterial levels of plasma renin
      activity, angiotensin II, bradykinin, and catecholamines were measured at
      selected time points. Seven additional sheep underwent the same protocol but
      received saralasin, an angiotensin II receptor blocker beginning at 55 min of
      hypoxia and extending into the reoxygenation period. During hypoxia, both groups
      developed identical hemodynamic patterns including a rise in cardiac output
      (25%), blood pressure (15%), and preferential blood flow distribution to the
      heart, brain, adrenals, diaphragm, and skeletal muscle, as well as a decrease in
      the fraction of cardiac output to the kidneys and most of the gut. This was
      associated with a decrease in angiotensin II concentrations (from 35 to 17 pg/ml)
      in spite of a doubling in plasma renin activity and catecholamines. Bradykinin
      levels did not change. Upon reoxygenation, bolus production of angiotensin II
      (from 17 to 1,819 pg/ml) occurred in spite of a constant level of plasma renin
      activity. Concurrently, different hemodynamic patterns between control and
      saralasin groups emerged upon reoxygenation, including an elevation from base
      line in blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance in the control group.
      Cardiac work (heart-rate systolic pressure product) in the control group remained
      elevated upon reoxygenation while coronary blood flow returned to base-line
      values. Saralasin reduced cardiac work upon reoxygenation and restored the match
      between coronary blood flow and work. We conclude that plasma renin activity and
      oxygen tension together govern angiotensin II levels for an optimal level of
      systemic vasomotor tone during hypoxia. However, upon reoxygenation, bolus
      production of angiotensin II may result in pathophysiologic circulatory patterns,
      such as impairment in oxygen delivery to the myocardium proportional to
      persistently elevated cardiac work in the immediate postresuscitation period.

PMID- 6365970
TI  - An altered platelet granule glycoprotein in patients with essential
      thrombocythemia.
AB  - The protein profiles of washed platelets from nine patients with essential
      thrombocythemia were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. In four patients, an additional protein band (reduced Mr of
      170,000) was clearly identified in both unstimulated platelet preparations and
      thrombin-released supernatant fractions. This band was also evident, though to a
      lesser extent, in three more patients, but it could not be located in the two
      remaining patients nor in any of ten controls. Subsequent characterization of the
      170,000 reduced protein in one patient indicated that (a) it was glycosylated, as
      judged by periodic acid-Schiff staining, and (b) that native protein was a
      disulfide-linked multimer (possibly trimeric), which (c) partially bound to the
      activated platelet plasma membrane in the presence of calcium, and (d) was immune
      precipitated by anti-glycoprotein G antisera. The combined evidence is consistent
      with the 170,000 reduced protein being a modified form of the normal subunit of
      the platelet alpha-granule constituent, glycoprotein G (also termed
      thrombospondin and thrombin-sensitive protein).

PMID- 6365972
TI  - Characterization and partial purification of an endothelial cell growth factor
      from human platelets.
AB  - Platelets have been shown to affect the growth of vascular endothelial cells.
      This report describes the characterization and partial purification from human
      platelets of a novel growth factor which can stimulate human endothelial cells to
      synthesize DNA and grow. Platelets were lysed by sonication and the particulate
      fraction removed by ultracentrifugation at 100,000 g. The supernatant of the
      platelet lysate stimulated the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA of
      endothelial cells by 20-fold and caused a threefold increase of cell number in 2
      d in culture. Gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200 and dialysis with exclusion
      membranes resulted in a 50-fold purification of this growth-promoting substance.
      Two peaks of endothelial-growth factor (ENDO-GF) were observed with apparent
      molecular weights of 65,000 and 135,000. Further characterization showed that
      ENDO-GF differed from platelet-derived growth factor since it was very heat
      labile and more potent in stimulating growth in endothelial cells than in
      fibroblasts. The isolation of an ENDO-GF from platelets suggests that platelets
      may have a role in the growth and healing processes of human endothelium.

PMID- 6365973
TI  - Increased proteolysis. An effect of increases in plasma cortisol within the
      physiologic range.
AB  - Prolonged exposure to glucocorticoids in pharmacologic amounts results in muscle
      wasting, but whether changes in plasma cortisol within the physiologic range
      affect amino acid and protein metabolism in man has not been determined. To
      determine whether a physiologic increase in plasma cortisol increases proteolysis
      and the de novo synthesis of alanine, seven normal subjects were studied on two
      occasions during an 8-h infusion of either hydrocortisone sodium succinate (2
      micrograms/kg X min) or saline. The rate of appearance (Ra) of leucine and
      alanine were estimated using [2H3]leucine and [2H3]alanine. In addition, the Ra
      of leucine nitrogen and the rate of transfer of leucine nitrogen to alanine were
      estimated using [15N]leucine. Plasma cortisol increased (10 +/- 1 to 42 +/- 4
      micrograms/dl) during cortisol infusion and decreased (14 +/- 2 to 10 +/- 2
      micrograms/dl) during saline infusion. No change was observed in plasma insulin,
      C-peptide, or glucagon during either saline or cortisol infusion. Plasma leucine
      concentration increased more (P less than 0.05) during cortisol infusion (120 +/-
      1 to 203 +/- 21 microM) than saline (118 +/- 8 to 154 +/- 4 microM) as a result
      of a greater (P less than 0.01) increase in its Ra during cortisol infusion (1.47
      +/- 0.08 to 1.81 +/- 0.08 mumol/kg X min for cortisol vs. 1.50 +/- 0.08 to 1.57
      +/- 0.09 mumol/kg X min). Leucine nitrogen Ra increased (P less than 0.01) from
      2.35 +/- 0.12 to 3.46 +/- 0.24 mumol/kg X min, but less so (P less than 0.05)
      during saline infusion (2.43 +/- 0.17 to 2.84 +/- 0.15 mumol/kg X min, P less
      than 0.01). Alanine Ra increased (P less than 0.05) during cortisol infusion but
      remained constant during saline infusion. During cortisol, but not during saline
      infusion, the rate and percentage of leucine nitrogen going to alanine increased
      (P less than 0.05). Thus, an increase in plasma cortisol within the physiologic
      range increases proteolysis and the de novo synthesis of alanine, a potential
      gluconeogenic substrate. Therefore, physiologic changes in plasma cortisol play a
      role in the regulation of whole body protein and amino acid metabolism in man.

PMID- 6365974
TI  - Characterization of inactive renin ("prorenin") from renin-secreting tumors of
      nonrenal origin. Similarity to inactive renin from kidney and normal plasma.
AB  - Inactive renin comprises well over half the total renin in normal human plasma.
      There is a direct relationship between active and inactive renin levels in normal
      and hypertensive populations, but the proportion of inactive renin varies
      inversely with the active renin level; as much as 98% of plasma renin is inactive
      in patients with low renin, whereas the proportion is consistently lower (usually
      20-60%) in high-renin states. Two hypertensive patients with proven renin
      secreting carcinomas of non-renal origin (pancreas and ovary) had high plasma
      active renin (119 and 138 ng/h per ml) and the highest inactive renin levels we
      have ever observed (5,200 and 14,300 ng/h per ml; normal range 3-50). The
      proportion of inactive renin (98-99%) far exceeded that found in other patients
      with high active renin levels. A third hypertensive patient with a probable renin
      secreting ovarian carcinoma exhibited a similar pattern. Inactive renins isolated
      from plasma and tumors of these patients were biochemically similar to
      semipurified inactive renins from normal plasma or cadaver kidney. All were bound
      by Cibacron Blue-agarose, were not retained by pepstatin-Sepharose, and had
      greater apparent molecular weights (Mr) than the corresponding active forms.
      Plasma and tumor inactive renins from the three patients were similar in size (Mr
      52,000-54,000), whereas normal plasma inactive renin had a slightly larger Mr
      than that from kidney (56,000 vs. 50,000). Inactive renin from each source was
      activated irreversibly by trypsin and reversibly by dialysis to pH 3.3 at 4
      degrees C; the reversal process followed the kinetics of a first-order reaction
      in each instance. The trypsin-activated inactive renins were all identical to
      semipurified active renal renin in terms of pH optimum (pH 5.5-6.0) and kinetics
      with homologous angiotensinogen (Michaelis constants, 0.8-1.3 microM) and
      inhibition by pepstatin or by serial dilutions of renin-specific antibody. These
      results indicate that a markedly elevated plasma inactive renin level
      distinguishes patients with ectopic renin production from other high-renin
      hypertensive states. The co-production of inactive and active renin by extrarenal
      neoplasms provides strong presumptive evidence that inactive renin is a
      biosynthetic precursor of active renin. The unusually high proportion of inactive
      renin in plasma and tumor extracts from such patients is consistent with
      ineffective precursor processing by neoplastic tissue, suggesting that if
      activation of "prorenin" is involved in the normal regulation of active renin
      levels it more likely occurs in the tissue of origin (e.g., kidney) than in the
      circulation.

PMID- 6365975
TI  - Normal testicular structure and reproductive function in deermice lacking retinol
      and alcohol dehydrogenase activity.
AB  - It was found that a strain of deermice (Peromyscus maniculatus), which
      genetically lacks liver alcohol dehydrogenase activity also displays no such
      activity in the testis and is devoid of the enzyme activity that converts retinol
      to retinal, both in liver and in the testis; nevertheless, these animals exhibit
      normal reproduction and testicular histology. Therefore, one must reconsider the
      theory that the testicular atrophy and aspermatogenesis commonly found in
      alcoholics is due, at least in part, to interaction of ethanol with these enzyme
      activities in the testis.

PMID- 6365976
TI  - Measurement of glucagon in human plasma by enzyme immunoassay.
AB  - In order to investigate the validity of an enzyme immunoassay for glucagon, the
      glucagon levels of human plasma were determined by both enzyme immunoassay (EIA)
      and radioimmunoassay (RIA). After a glucose load, plasma glucagon measured by
      both EIA and RIA fell in 12 normal subjects. The glucagon levels measured by both
      assays during glucose tolerance test showed good agreement in a group of 10
      patients. After arginine infusion, plasma glucagon increased in 6 normal subjects
      and 3 patients and glucagon values measured by EIA correlated well with those by
      RIA. The present study demonstrates correlation between glucagon levels measured
      by RIA and EIA and indicates the usefulness of EIA for determining glucagon in
      human plasma.

PMID- 6365977
TI  - Diagnosis of acute acquired toxoplasmosis with the enzyme-labelled antigen
      reversed immunoassay for immunoglobulin M antibodies.
AB  - The reversed enzyme-labelled antigen immunoassay (R-EIA), based on the capture of
      serum immunoglobulin M antibodies (IgM) and subsequent addition of Toxoplasma
      gondii soluble antigen tagged with peroxidase and substrate, was evaluated
      comparatively with the IgM-indirect immunofluorescence test (IgM-IIF) for the
      detection of anti-toxoplasma IgM antibodies in sera from individuals with
      diagnosed acute acquired toxoplasmosis. Additional serum groups from normal
      healthy individuals and sera presenting possible nonspecific reactivities were
      also evaluated. Complete specificity of R-EIA was shown. There was no correlation
      between the magnitude of R-EIA results and IgM-IIF titers, but a positive
      (although not linear) correlation was found between R-EIA and the IgM-IIF titers
      obtained after adsorption of sera with Staphylococcus aureus protein A. Direct
      labelling of the antigen by a simple coupling technique facilitated the assay
      standardization and improved its signal-to-noise ratio.

PMID- 6365978
TI  - The use of relaxation-mental imagery (self-hypnosis) in the management of 505
      pediatric behavioral encounters.
AB  - This report assessed outcomes of hypnotherapeutic interventions for 505 children
      and adolescents seen by four pediatricians over a period of one year and followed
      from four months to two years. Presenting problems included enuresis, acute pain,
      chronic pain, asthma, habit disorders, obesity, encopresis, and anxiety. Using
      strict criteria for determination of problem resolution (e.g., all beds dry) and
      recognizing that some conditions were intrinsically chronic, the authors found
      that 51% of these children and adolescents achieved complete resolution of the
      presenting problem; an additional 32% achieved significant improvement, 9% showed
      initial or some improvement; and 7% demonstrated no apparent change or
      improvement. Children as young as three years of age effectively applied self
      hypnosis techniques. In general, facility in self-hypnosis increased with age.
      There was an inverse correlation (p less than 0.001) between clinical success and
      number of visits, suggesting that prediction of responsivity is possible after
      four visits or less.

PMID- 6365979
TI  - Measurement of serum C reactive protein concentration after bone marrow
      transplantation for leukaemia.
AB  - C reactive protein concentration was measured serially in 19 patients with
      leukaemia after bone marrow transplantation. Six episodes of graft versus host
      disease occurred in the presence of fever but with no evidence of infection, and
      these were associated with C reactive protein concentrations as high as 200 mg/l.
      C reactive protein values were also increased in 12 febrile episodes associated
      with infection, in seven of which graft versus host disease was also present. C
      reactive protein concentrations are of no value in differentiating infection from
      graft versus host disease, but in both cases they may be useful as an objective
      index of response to appropriate treatment.

PMID- 6365980
TI  - A modified azoalbumin technique for the assay of proteolytic enzymes for use in
      blood group serology.
AB  - A spectrophotometric assay of proteolytic enzyme activity is described in which
      the optical density obtained by a given enzyme preparation is related (2 alpha
      less than 0.01) to the serological activity of that preparation in a two stage
      technique. The assay appears to be of use for the standardisation of enzyme
      preparations for use in blood group serology.

PMID- 6365981
TI  - Identification of the Enterobacteriaceae: a comparison of the Enterotube II with
      the API 20E.
AB  - Two commercial methods for the identification of the Enterobacteriaceae, API 20E
      and Enterotube II, were compared using the results obtained with 235 cultures of
      fresh clinical isolates. Enterotube II was an improvement on the original
      Enterotube, but the availability of two differing indices, one using the Voges
      Proskauer (VP) test result and one without, is criticised.

PMID- 6365982
TI  - Batch screening method for detection of bacteriuria.

PMID- 6365983
TI  - An immunohistochemical study on the location of GABAergic neurons in rat septum.
AB  - Antisera against L-glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), the synthesizing enzyme of
      gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were used to locate GABAergic neurons and nerve
      terminals in the septal complex of the rat by using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase
      method. Varying densities of immunoreactive terminals were observed in saline
      treated rats but nerve cell bodies were only demonstrated after interventricular
      or intraseptal injections of colchicine. Small and medium-sized GAD-positive
      neurons were found in lateral septal nuclei, the largest number of these cells
      being in the pars dorsalis, and in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.
      Several GAD-immunoreactive neurons were located in the medial septal nucleus and
      the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca (DB), where the cells were larger in
      the ventral than dorsal parts of the region. In the medial septal nucleus and in
      DB the GAD-positive cell bodies were distributed similarly to cholinergic
      neurons. Large GAD-positive neurons were also found in the septofimbrial nucleus.
      Intense immunoreactivity in nerve terminals was observed in the lateral septal
      nucleus, around the island of Calleja magna, between the DB and nucleus
      accumbens, and in the septofimbrial and triangular septal nuclei. In contrast,
      the medial septal nucleus, the DB, and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis
      only showed weak to moderate immunoreactivity. These results provide direct
      morphological evidence for the presence of neurons capable of synthesizing GABA
      in septal nuclei. We suggest that there are two different GABAergic neuronal
      systems operating in the septum: a population of small cells in the lateral
      septal nucleus and a group of large cells in the medial septum and DB.

PMID- 6365984
TI  - A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis).
AB  - Outline drawings of representative frontal sections of the Macaca fascicularis
      brain are presented in stereotaxic coordinates. The levels extend from the
      rostral tip of the neostriatum to the posterior end of the deep cerebellar
      nuclei. The illustrations are based on the photographs of unstained frozen
      sections of three formalin-fixed brains in which stainless steel needles were
      inserted to mark the horizontal zero and several anteroposterior positions. The
      sections were not stained in order to prevent shrinkage. Stereotaxic measurements
      were taken in situ of the highest points on the cortical surface, the position of
      the central and lunate sulcus, and of certain landmarks at the base of the
      cranium in a large number of monkeys. These data along with brain dimensions and
      the weight of animals are displayed in tables to indicate individual variations
      and to aid investigators in determining the best stereotaxic coordinates for a
      given structure. It is recommended that the cortical point of entry for an
      electrode or needle be routinely noted and be compared to the parameters in the
      atlas to compensate for deviations in the horizontal plane.

PMID- 6365985
TI  - Occurrence of neurotensinlike immunoreactivity in subpopulations of hypothalamic,
      mesencephalic, and medullary catecholamine neurons.
AB  - By using indirect immunofluorescence histochemistry combined with the elution
      restaining technique, the presence of a neurotensinlike peptide in some
      catecholamine neurons in the rat brain has been demonstrated. At the level of the
      medulla oblongata neurotensinlike immunoreactivity was observed in most of the
      small-sized catecholamine (adrenaline) cell bodies in the dorsolateral part of
      the nucleus of the solitary tract and in some catecholamine (noradrenaline) cells
      in the medial part. Neurotensin-positive fibers were found throughout the
      solitary tract nucleus with increasing concentrations in the rostral direction.
      Very few neurotensin fibers were seen in the vagal dorsal motor nucleus, which
      contained a dense network of adrenaline fibers. In the ventral mesencephalon,
      neurotensinlike immunoreactivity was seen mainly in dopamine cell bodies in the
      ventral tegmental area, including midline structures, with only single examples
      of coexistence in the substantia nigra. The dopamine cell bodies of both the A9
      and A10 cell groups were surrounded by dense to medium-dense networks of
      neurotensin fibers. In the hypothalamus numerous dopamine neurons in the arcuate
      nucleus exhibited neurotensinlike immunoreactivity. Neurotensin-positive nerve
      terminals, partially overlapping catecholamine (mainly dopamine) fibers, were
      seen in the external layer of the median eminence. The present results
      demonstrate coexistence of neurotensinlike immunoreactivity and catecholamines in
      populations of neurons in some of the central catecholamine cell groups and
      provide a morphological basis for interactions between the peptide and amines.

PMID- 6365986
TI  - beta-2-microglobulin in benign and malignant adnexal skin tumors and
      metastasizing basocellular carcinomas.
AB  - Immunostaining for beta-2-microglobulin (beta-2m) was performed on various benign
      and malignant adnexal skin tumors and 3 cases of metastasizing basocellular
      carcinomas. All the tumors and their metastases, with the exception of 2
      basocellular carcinomas gave evidence of beta-2m. Most tumors contained both
      stained and unstained cells. The stained cells showed differentiation, the
      unstained ones appeared to be undifferentiated and basal-like in character. The
      staining of cutaneous tumors for beta-2m may offer a tool for investigating tumor
      differentiation, but seems not to be of much value in distinguishing malignant
      from benign lesions.

PMID- 6365987
TI  - Acute disseminated histiocytosis-X: in situ immunophenotyping with monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - The proliferating skin cells in a case of acute disseminated histiocytosis-X (Abt
      Letterer-Siwe disease) confirmed by electron microscopy, were characterized by a
      panel of monoclonal antibodies using an immunoperoxidase technique. The
      "histiocytes" were found to stain with OKT-6 (anti-T6) and anti-HLA-DR
      antibodies. Unexpectedly, slight staining was also observed with Leu 3a (anti-T4)
      and OKM-1. A proliferative process of T4, T6, HLA-DR, OKM-1 positive Langerhans'
      cells has not yet been described and may be specific for histiocytosis-X.

PMID- 6365988
TI  - Bibliography of current literature in cyclic nucleotide research. Publications
      screened by the Institute for Scientific Information.

PMID- 6365989
TI  - Production of 2,3-butylene glycol from whey by Klebsiella pneumoniae and
      Enterobacter aerogenes.
AB  - Production of 2,3-butylene glycol from whey with Klebsiella pneumoniae and
      Enterobacter aerogenes was studied. Sterilization of the whey was unnecessary.
      Acid whey required neutralization, but sweet whey did not. Butylene glycol
      production was most efficient at 33 degrees C for Klebsiella pneumoniae and at 37
      degrees C for Enterobacter aerogenes. Aeration significantly improved yields.
      Klebsiella pneumoniae produced more butylene glycol than did Enterobacter
      aerogenes in unsupplemented whey. The addition of 50 mM sodium acetate to whey
      increased the production of butylene glycol and acetoin by Enterobacter
      aerogenes; it also increased the production of glycol by Klebsiella pneumoniae,
      but the increase in this case was offset by a decrease of production of acetoin.
      Maximal yields of the glycol plus acetoin in whey were obtained in 48 to 64 h,
      but Enterobacter aerogenes required about 160 h for complete utilization of the
      lactose. Highest yields were about .3 M butylene glycol plus acetoin, which
      corresponds to the production of about 10 kg of glycol from 380 liters of whey.

PMID- 6365990
TI  - Cell content of goat milk: California mastitis test, Coulter counter , and
      fossomatic for predicting half infection.
AB  - The mean cell count of goat milk collected in early and midlactation from udder
      halves free of infection was 1404 X 10(3) cells/ml and 614 X 10(3) cells/ml
      estimated by Coulter Counter and Fossomatic. Arithmetic means of cell count by
      Fossomatic method for samples within California Mastitis Test scores were similar
      to results from cow milk. Results by the three methods were closely correlated
      .7. Means of cell counts were 2858 X 10(3) cells/ml and 1293 X 10(3) cells/ml by
      Coulter Counter and Fossomatic methods for udder halves harboring coagulase
      negative staphylococci and 8946 X 10(3) cells/ml and 4804 X 10(3) cells/ml for
      halves infected by major pathogens. Of the thresholds examined, 1000 X 10(3)
      cells/ml was most satisfactory for both Coulter Counter and Fossomatic methods,
      because it detected about 80% of major infections and gave an acceptable
      proportion of errors.

PMID- 6365991
TI  - Comparison of teat dips with differing iodine concentrations in prevention of
      mastitis infection.
AB  - Six commercial dairy herds were used to test the relative efficacy of three
      concentrations of iodine as a teat dip over 12 mo. Concentrations were .1, .25,
      and 1% iodine with free iodine contents of 3.5, 4.0, and 1.0 ppm. Two
      concentrations were compared in each herd. The greatest number of new infections
      (71) occurred in approximately 120 cows whose teats were dipped with the 1%
      iodine dip, and the fewest (52) occurred in a similar number of cow quarters
      dipped in .1% iodine; however, differences were not significant. Clinical
      mastitis was highest in the 1% group. If all clinical mastitis were the result of
      infection, even if bacteria were not isolated from the pretreatment sample or
      from samples collected at the start of the study and those quarters were added to
      the totals, then reduction of new infection with the .1% product would be
      significant.

PMID- 6365992
TI  - Endocrine changes associated with onset of spermatogenesis in Holstein bulls.
AB  - After birth, a bull enters a period of infancy during which the reproductive
      organs are relatively quiescent. This is followed by the prepubertal period,
      which starts at 10 to 12 wk in well-fed Holstein bulls, characterized by profound
      changes of hypothalamic, pituitary, and gonadal function that culminate in
      puberty. The prepubertal sequence of events probably is: a) initiation of
      spontaneous discharge of luteinizing hormone; b) hormone induced differentiation
      of Leydig cells with increased secretion of androstenedione in response to
      luteinizing hormone stimulation; c) further differentiation of Leydig cells
      resulting in luteinizing hormone-stimulated secretion of testosterone; d)
      testosterone-induced differentiation of indifferent supporting cells to Sertoli
      cells concomitant with testosterone-induced differentiation of gonocytes to
      prespermatogonia and A-spermatogonia; e) increased sensitivity of the
      hypothalamus-anterior pituitary to negative feedback of gonadal steroids; f)
      diminished frequency and amplitude of luteinizing hormone discharge; g) formation
      of junctional complexes between Sertoli cells and establishment of the blood
      testis barrier; h) formation of primary spermatocytes and ultimately spermatids
      and spermatozoa; and i) continued increase of efficiency of spermatogenesis until
      sufficient sperm are produced to provide the first ejaculum around 37 to 38 wk.
      Following puberty, the reproductive capacity of a bull increases for several
      years until the male is sexually mature.

PMID- 6365993
TI  - Semen quality in relation to semen preservation.
AB  - A goal of research in laboratory evaluation of semen has been ultimately to
      predict the fertility achievable with use of that semen. This would permit
      evaluation of the male and ejaculate. For artificial insemination, semen
      viability becomes a measure of man's interaction with that semen in an effort to
      preserve its functional life. Man's efficiency in developing successful methods
      of semen preservation are, therefore, contingent upon the relationship of tests
      of semen quality and fertility. Problems discussed are those associated with
      identification of the most appropriate tests of spermatozoan viability important
      to fertility. These problems reside predominantly in poor repeatability of many
      tests (objectivity versus subjectivity), the interaction of semen quality and
      quantity in the inseminate, the effect of latent cell injury encountered in some
      systems of preservation (example frozen semen), and identification of viability
      traits of spermatozoa important to their retention and transport in the female
      reproductive tract as well as their ability to fertilize the egg and sustain
      embryogenesis. A case is established for the use of more than one viability test
      or semen trait for evaluating systems of semen preservation.

PMID- 6365994
TI  - Sperm survival and transport in the female reproductive tract.
AB  - Fertilization failure, mostly due to absence of sperm in the oviducts, is a major
      cause of reproductive inefficiency of farm animals. Sperm may be transported to
      the oviducts of cattle and sheep within a few minutes after mating or
      insemination, but these sperm probably fertilize few ova. Slower transport, with
      establishment of sperm populations in each segment of the reproductive tract,
      requires a few to several hours. In swine, sperm capable of fertilizing ova reach
      the oviducts in less than 1 h. Smooth muscle contractions of the reproductive
      tract, ciliary beats, fluid currents, and flagellar activity of sperm are primary
      mechanisms of sperm transport. Sperm become hyperactive in the oviducts in
      association with capacitation. Most sperm in an inseminate drain from the female
      reproductive tract within a few minutes or hours after insemination; remaining
      sperm are removed from the tract by slower drainage or phagocytosis. Sperm
      survival and transport in estrous ewes is reduced drastically by pastures with
      high estrogen content and by regulating estrus with progestogen or prostaglandin
      F2 alpha. The cervix is the initial site of inhibition of sperm transport in
      ewes, and endocrine imbalances probably are the basis of inhibition. Sperm
      transport problems generally are associated with immobilization and death of
      sperm in the uterus and anterior segments of the cervix within 2 h after mating.
      After gilts are inseminated with frozen-thawed semen, relatively few sperm are
      retained in the reproductive tract, apparently accounting for lowered
      fertilization rates. Sperm transport has been improved by adding to semen or
      administering to females such compounds as prostaglandin F2 alpha, oxytocin,
      estradiol, phenylephrine, or ergonovine. Estradiol, prostaglandin F2 alpha,
      phenylephrine, and ergonovine administered to rabbits at insemination each
      increased fertilization rates.

PMID- 6365995
TI  - Maximizing the impact of dairy and beef bulls through breeding technology.
AB  - Both biological and monetary considerations influence adoption of new breeding
      technologies. Therefore, genetic, reproductive, and economic factors that
      determine productivity of dairy and beef operations are reviewed. Improved sire
      evaluation programs, more efficient artificial insemination, and effective
      natural service are discussed and related to the present and future impact of
      dairy and beef bulls. Potential benefits of heterosis, artificial control of
      reproduction, improved bull management, computers, and multidiscipline research
      also are suggested. The dramatic impact of artificial insemination on genetic
      improvement and profitability of most commercial dairy herds is outlined. The
      uncertain expansion of beef artificial insemination is examined. Comparisons of
      dairy and beef industries indicate that expectation of similar results from the
      same animal breeding technologies are unwarranted. Dairy artificial insemination
      is and should continue to be economically feasible for commercial operations.
      Commercial beef producers will use little artificial insemination and rely on
      natural service bulls until precise human control of conception in the bovine is
      cost effective.

PMID- 6365996
TI  - Denture fabrication for a child with multiple maxillary anomalies.

PMID- 6365997
TI  - The efficiency of cobalt samarium (Co5Sm) magnets as retention units for
      overdentures.

PMID- 6365998
TI  - [Examination of certain scientific aspects of fluoridation].

PMID- 6365999
TI  - Glycoconjugate receptors involved in the adhesion of Escherichia coli and
      Streptococcus pneumoniae to epithelial cells.

PMID- 6366000
TI  - The control of morphogenesis in Candida albicans.
AB  - Morphogenesis (germ-tube formation) in Candida albicans was induced gratuitously
      by N-acetylhexosamine derivatives (N-acetyl-glucosamine covalently linked to
      agarose, N-acetylmannosamine, hyaluronic acid, colloidal chitin, and mucin).
      These compounds were not taken up by the yeast cells and did not support growth.
      2-Deoxyglucose was a potent inhibitor of germ-tube formation (50 microM), but did
      not affect the yeast growth yield at a concentration of 2.5 mM. 2-Deoxyglucose
      covalently linked to agarose did not affect germ-tube formation, and the
      inhibition by free 2-deoxyglucose was overcome by the addition of glucose to the
      germ-tube-forming cells. Glucose competitively inhibited 2-deoxyglucose uptake
      (Ki = 0.14 mM), and these data indicate that 2-deoxyglucose acted
      intracellularly.

PMID- 6366001
TI  - Host responses in periodontal diseases.
AB  - Great progress has been made in our understanding of the pathogenesis of
      periodontal disease, the primary role of bacteria as etiologic agents, and the
      critical modifying role of host responses. It is useful to consider several
      stages in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease - (a) colonization, (b)
      invasion, (c) destruction, and (d) healing - and to place into perspective the
      various host responses as they may affect each of these four stages (Table 5).
      With respect to colonization, although very little direct evidence is available,
      it is reasonable to suggest that antibodies, either secretory or serum-derived,
      acting by virtue of their ability to block attachment, could inhibit colonization
      by immune reduction of adherence mechanisms. With respect to invasion of the
      tissue, it appears that phagocytes, particularly the neutrophils, are important,
      acting in concert with opsonic antibody and complement in ingesting and killing
      the periodontal microflora before or during the early invasive process. A major
      advance in our understanding of the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases is the
      realization that the virulence of periodontopathic bacteria relates to their
      leukaggressive properties, allowing them to evade neutrophil protective
      mechanisms. Invasion of the periodontal tissues by bacterial products may be
      inhibited by the complexing of these products with antibody with the formation of
      antigen-antibody complexes that are phagocytosed and digested, particularly by
      scavenger phagocytes such as the macrophage. With respect to the destructive
      phase of periodontal disease, it is clear that the direct effect of lymphocytes
      mediated either through direct cytotoxic activity, or through biologically-active
      destructive lymphokines (such as alpha-lymphotoxin and osteoclast activating
      factor), can lead to tissue destruction. Macrophages, through the production of
      monokines, collagenase, and reactive oxygen species, can also lead to tissue
      destruction. The direct effects of bacterial toxins or enzymes which can lead to
      tissue destruction can be inhibited by complexing with antitoxic or enzyme
      neutralizing antibodies. With respect to healing and fibrosis, very little direct
      information is available; however, it is possible that the lymphocytes and
      macrophages affect fibrosis by the production of chemotactic factors for
      fibroblasts which would be expected to bring them to the area of periodontal
      inflammation and also by production of fibroblast-activating factors, which then
      cause the fibroblasts to proliferate and produce collagen which replaces lost
      collagen or results in fibrosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6366002
TI  - Thymocyte activating factor(s) in human gingival fluids.
AB  - Human gingival fluid contains a low-molecular-weight factor (10,000 to 25,000)
      which enhances the proliferation of murine thymocytes in the presence of
      suboptimal doses of mitogen. Although the gingival fluid has no Interleukin 2 (T
      cell growth factor) activity, as indicated by its inability to induce
      proliferation of an IL 2 dependent lymphocytic cell line, it is directly
      mitogenic for dermal fibroblasts. These studies suggest that the thymocyte and
      fibroblast growth-promoting properties of human gingival fluid may have important
      functions in regulating inflammatory responses in the human periodontal tissues.

PMID- 6366003
TI  - Pit and fissure sealant in individual patient care programs.

PMID- 6366004
TI  - Scientific rationale for sealant use and technical aspects of application.

PMID- 6366005
TI  - A novel instrument and technique for atraumatic wound closure.

PMID- 6366006
TI  - Squamous-cell carcinoma arising in a pilonidal sinus: a case report and review of
      the literature.

PMID- 6366007
TI  - Immunological studies of an extra-cellular keratinase.

PMID- 6366008
TI  - A mechanism of transient immune deposition in the skin.

PMID- 6366009
TI  - Demonstration of immunoglobulin G in normal human epidermis by light and electron
      microscopy using peroxidase labeled antibody.

PMID- 6366010
TI  - Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita diagnosed by immunoelectron microscopy.

PMID- 6366011
TI  - Pityriasis pigmentosa: the clinical features of pathogenic Pityrosporum ovale.

PMID- 6366012
TI  - The broad spectrum of Dowling Degos disease, including Haber's syndrome--a
      hereditary abnormal reactivity to stimulation, increasing with age?--Case reports
      and management.

PMID- 6366013
TI  - Stasis dermatitis in a patient with Noonan's syndrome.

PMID- 6366014
TI  - A case of tuberous sclerosis with subcutaneous nodules.

PMID- 6366015
TI  - Dohi memorial lecture. The Langerhans cell and the epidermis: an integrated
      immune system.

PMID- 6366016
TI  - Studies of cell and organ culture of psoriatic and normal epidermis in vitro.

PMID- 6366017
TI  - Improved methods for the demonstration of Treponema pallidum in the tissues.

PMID- 6366018
TI  - Dermatological survey of onchocerciasis in Guatemala. II. Relationship between
      the prevalence rate of cutaneous changes and that of onchocerciasis.

PMID- 6366019
TI  - A study of the interaction between chlorpromazine and riboflavin binding protein.

PMID- 6366020
TI  - Natural killer cytotoxicity of human lymphocytes in vitro. II. Cytotoxicity
      enhanced by BCG, PHA, PWM, PPD and LPS-Su against a human skin cancer cell line.

PMID- 6366021
TI  - Laboratory studies of collagen wound dressing (CAS). Part I. Experimental use on
      skin excisions and burns.

PMID- 6366022
TI  - Skin lesions associated with Sjogren's syndrome and anticytoplasmic antibodies in
      SLE patients.

PMID- 6366023
TI  - Low-titer agglutinins to Sporothrix schenckii in nonsporotrichotic human and
      animal sera.

PMID- 6366024
TI  - Effect of serum albumin on growth of Staphylococcus aureus in synthetic tissue
      culture medium.

PMID- 6366025
TI  - Two simple assemblies for the application of intermittent mandatory ventilation
      with positive end expiratory pressure.
AB  - Two cheap disposable systems for delivering intermittent mandatory ventilation
      with positive end expiratory pressure (IMV-PEEP) with high voluntary inspiratory
      gas flow are described. These designs can be used in ventilators with either an
      internal or an external PEEP valve.

PMID- 6366026
TI  - Unilateral high frequency jet ventilation. Reduction of leak in bronchopleural
      fistula.
AB  - A young alcoholic presented with severe bilateral bronchopneumonia, which
      required prolonged treatment with intermittent positive pressure ventilation.
      High airway pressures were necessary for effective gas exchange. A recurrent
      tension pneumothorax led to a persistent bronchopleural fistula which resulted in
      hypercarbia and hypoxaemia despite the use of large minute volumes. Surgical
      resection was not considered feasible because of extensive local infection.
      Asynchronous independent lung ventilation was instituted, using a double-lumen
      endobronchial tube. A considerable leak still occurred through the bronchopleural
      fistula, and it was only when high frequency jet ventilation was substituted to
      the fistula-containing lung that the leak was virtually abolished, while
      improving gas exchange. High frequency jet ventilation in bronchopleural fistula
      is of potential benefit.

PMID- 6366027
TI  - Grass pollen immunotherapy: a single year double-blind, placebo-controlled study
      in patients with grass pollen-induced asthma and rhinitis.
AB  - Fifteen grass pollen--sensitive asthmatic patients were selected from 200
      patients with grass pollenosis on the basis of positive SPTs and RASTs that were
      restricted to grass pollens (except Bermuda grass), no previous IT, and residence
      and occupation in an area monitored by serial pollen counts. They underwent a
      double-blind trial of specific IT with a mixture of three grass pollen--aqueous
      extracts (velvet, sweet vernal, and timothy) or placebo. After 10 mo, the mean
      maintenance dose of pollen extract (assayed by RAST inhibition) in eight actively
      treated patients was 6000 RAST units (range 3000 to 8000) and the mean total dose
      was 18,700 RAST units (range 10,200 to 30,000). Results were assessment done by
      the following clinical and immunological data: (1) during the pollen season,
      daily symptom scores; (2) PD 20% FEV1, IgE antibody to timothy by RAST in serum
      and in nasal secretions, serum IgG antibody to purified timothy allergen D by
      solid-phase radioimmunoassay, and the four IgG subclass antibodies by enzyme
      immunoassay were all measured before treatment and before and after the pollen
      season. Symptom scores of both treated patients and controls correlated with
      pollen counts (R = 0.88, p less than 0.05 and R = 0.71, p less than 0.05,
      respectively). There was a significant difference between the mean symptom score
      values of treated patients versus controls (Kruskal-Wallis test, p less than
      0.001). No significant differences or changes either in the PD 20% FEV1 or IgE
      antibody to timothy in serum and nasal secretions were found in the two groups
      before or after IT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6366028
TI  - Insect venom allergy: diagnosis and treatment.
AB  - Allergy to insect venom is IgE mediated. Untreated, it occasionally terminates
      fatally and often causes temporary illness. Medical intervention with venom
      immunotherapy in patients with prior systemic reactions presents reactions to
      stings by inducing IgG-antibody formation, although in some groups of patients
      this results in little real benefit. Emergency self-treatment kits (Epi-Pen and
      Epi-Pen Jr., Center Laboratories, Port Washington, N.Y.; Ana Kit, Hollister
      Stier, Spokane, Wash.), if promptly and intelligently used, may reverse most
      moderate sting reactions. Some severe reactions require aggressive therapy. Until
      better treatment criteria are available, the most certain way of reducing the
      risk of systemic reactions to stings is with venom immunotherapy.

PMID- 6366029
TI  - Hypotheses on the contribution of late-phase allergic responses to the
      understanding and treatment of allergic diseases.

PMID- 6366030
TI  - Allergen standardization: 1984.

PMID- 6366031
TI  - Human respiratory mucus.

PMID- 6366032
TI  - Failure of enzyme encapsulation to prevent sensitization of workers in the dry
      bleach industry.
AB  - BDE added to dry bleach have been associated with immunologic sensitization and
      development of clinical allergic disease in detergent workers and occasionally in
      consumers. However, improved dust control and modification of the manufacturing
      process through encapsulation of enzyme were believed to have reduced or
      eliminated these problems. To determine whether or not immunologic sensitization
      could still develop in the detergent industry, we studied employees of a dry
      bleach manufacturing plant that incorporated encapsulated BDE into a consumer
      product. We performed air sampling for enzyme dust and total particulates,
      administered questionnaires, conducted physical examinations, and spirometry in
      13 currently exposed, two previously exposed and nine nonexposed, employees. To
      assess sensitization status, RAST and ELISA were performed. Air concentrations of
      enzyme dust ranged from 0.002 to 1.57 micrograms/m3; all of these levels were
      below the TLV of 3.9 micrograms/m3. Positive BDE-specific RAST results (3.4%,
      4.4%, and 8.0% binding) were obtained in three of 12 currently exposed workers.
      Results of personal breathing-zone air sampling indicated that these workers had
      high dust-exposure levels. Specificity of RAST was verified by RAST inhibition
      with BDE. BDE-RAST binding was not significantly elevated in the nonworkers
      (range: 0.6% to 1.4% binding). Positive results for specific IgG by ELISA were
      obtained in four of 12 currently exposed and in one of two previously exposed
      workers but in none of the nonexposed workers. We conclude that immunologic
      sensitization can develop after occupational exposure to encapsulated BDE in the
      dry bleach industry. We have not proved, however, that this immunologic
      reactivity is related to clinical sensitivity.

PMID- 6366033
TI  - Successful immunotherapy for Triatoma protracta-induced anaphylaxis.
AB  - A successful program of immunotherapy for Triatoma protracta-induced anaphylaxis
      was developed. This program included a new passive extract-antigen preparation
      standardized by RAST inhibition. This antigen facilitated the development of a
      reliable skin test protocol for in vivo diagnosis of Triatoma protracta allergy.
      Five patients with T. protracta-induced anaphylaxis underwent a rapidly
      increasing dosage schedule of immunotherapy. The IgE- and IgG-antibody responses
      during immunotherapy were followed with solid-phase RIA. Protection against
      anaphylaxis was confirmed in all patients with a "bite challenge" by T.
      protracta. This is the first report of completely successful T. protracta
      immunotherapy.

PMID- 6366034
TI  - Problems of antiarthritic therapy in the elderly.
AB  - Rheumatic diseases are prevalent in the elderly population, resulting in high
      morbidity caused mainly by lack of mobility. Consequently, the use of
      antirheumatic drugs in older persons is extensive. This review outlines some of
      the hazards encountered in the use of antirheumatic drugs in the elderly.
      Analgesics such as propoxyphene and acetaminophen are useful adjuncts to the
      treatment of arthritic pain, but propoxyphene has been associated with
      respiratory depression, and renal clearance of acetaminophen is reduced in
      elderly subjects. Salicylates may cause deafness, and like the other nonsteroidal
      anti-inflammatory drugs, may cause salt and water retention resulting in
      congestive cardiac failure. Phenylbutazone should not be used because of the risk
      of blood dyscrasia, and indomethacin has been reported as interfering with the
      antihypertensive effect of beta-blockers. Chloroquine levels may be raised in
      patients with impaired renal function, and there is increased risk of retinal
      damage with the drug in elderly subjects. Injectable gold compounds and
      penicillamine are not contraindicated in the elderly, because they are just as
      efficacious as in younger persons for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
      Toxicity due to gold compound is not increased in the elderly, but skin rashes
      and abnormalities of taste do occur more commonly in elderly patients treated
      with penicillamine. Corticosteroids do not affect disease progression and
      therefore should be used only in acute severe disease for short periods of time.
      As in the younger population, treatment of gout in the elderly is dependent on
      renal function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6366035
TI  - First metatarsophalangeal joint dislocation in spina bifida. A case report.

PMID- 6366036
TI  - Primary wound closure in chronic osteomyelitis.
AB  - The sequelae of chronic osteomyelitis include not only the common clinical and
      radiographic signs and symptoms unique to it, but also the frequent residual
      deformity or amputation secondary to surgical intervention. Exacerbations and
      relapses are common and may occur as a result of trauma or a decrease in the
      resistance of the patient. Treatment of this condition over the years has been
      controversial. Some authors (1, 2) advocate treatment with high oral doses of
      antibiotics over a period of time up to 6 months. Although good results have been
      obtained with this regimen, other factors must be taken into account before
      initiation of such therapy such as severity and location of infection, drug
      allergy, renal and hepatic function, and attainable antibiotic blood levels.
      However, because of thrombosis of nutrient, marrow, and periosteal blood vessels,
      along with fibrosis of surrounding soft tissue, there is no guarantee that
      adequate serum antibiotic levels provide for the minimal inhibitory concentration
      of the drug in the infected bone. Antibiotic therapy without surgical
      intervention to improve blood supply cannot cure the disease and may result in an
      acquired resistance by the organism (3). The most widely accepted treatment today
      is surgical curetment, sequestrectomy, or resection of the infected osseous
      tissue with extensive debridement of all sinus tracts and devitalized tissues.
      Adding to the morbidity of this disease is the excessive scarring produced by
      inadequate and improper wound closure after surgical intervention. The following
      is a description of several methods utilized for contaminated wound closure.

PMID- 6366037
TI  - [Promegestone, a new progestin].
AB  - The biological activities of promegestone (R 5020), used world-wide as a
      radioligand for the progestin receptor, are described. Promegestone is a potent
      progestin devoid of androgenic side-effects and has marked anti-estrogenic
      activity. Its therapeutical effectiveness (0.125 mg or 0.250 mg) in luteal
      insufficiency has been established in a double-blind clinical trial versus
      dydrogesterone (10 or 20 mg) which revealed its significantly superior potency (p
      less than 0.001). On the basis of the pharmacological data described, its use in
      cancer therapy according to a sequential protocol for the treatment of hormone
      dependent breast cancer and in psychiatry to palliate the psychological disorders
      of the premenstrual syndrome and the perimenopause seems promising.

PMID- 6366038
TI  - [Echographic study of ovulation. Correlation with hormonal changes. Advantages
      and limitations of the method].
AB  - Ultrasound is an additional method for research into ovarian physiology. We have
      carried out plasma hormone estimations of oestradiol, progesterone, F.S.H. and
      L.H., as well as basal temperature recordings and daily ultrasound estimations in
      the days preceding and following ovulation. We show how ultrasonic observation of
      ovulation corresponds with the hormonal changes. In 4 cases ovulation as seen on
      ultrasound corresponded with the spike of oestradiol and preceded the L.H. spike.
      The rise of oestradiol seems to be more important than the level of L.H. in
      predicting ovulation.

PMID- 6366039
TI  - Cross-subsidies and payment for hospital care.
AB  - This study uses hospital data from the 1979 American Hospital Association
      Reimbursement Survey in a multivariate framework to assess the impact of
      discounts and third-party reimbursement on hospital costs and profitability.
      Three central issues are addressed: (1) Is a differential payment justified for
      Medicare, Medicaid, and/or Blue Cross on the basis of differential costs? (2)
      Have the cost-containment efforts of the dominant payers reduced total payments
      to hospitals? and (3) What part of the overall savings in payments to hospitals
      is in the form of reduced costs rather than reduced profits? On the basis of the
      evidence in this study, we find (1) that the differential payment is not
      justified; (2) that the cost-containment efforts of the dominant payers have
      reduced total payments to hospitals somewhat, but a substantial amount of cost
      shifting remains; and (3) that the savings is in profits, rather than in costs.

PMID- 6366040
TI  - Organized dentistry and the pursuit of entry control.
AB  - Organized dentistry spent nearly a century laboring to obtain control over entry
      into the profession. The first attempt, the American Society of Dental Surgeons,
      failed because the issue of using amalgam so split the Society that collective
      action became impossible. The second attempt, state licensing during 1870-1900,
      gave preferential treatment (automatic licensing) to dental school graduates and
      appeared at first to be the solution to the entry problem, given the small number
      of schools in operation. However, dental school entrepreneurs recognized a
      profitable opportunity, and the supply of dental schools expanded rapidly. Thus,
      in the third and final attempt at obtaining entry control, organized dentistry
      attacked the for-profit schools. The dental practice acts were amended to require
      all candidates to pass a licensing examination, provided first that they were
      graduates of a school considered "reputable" by the state board of dental
      examiners. Moreover, rising costs generated by increased school standards took
      the profit out of for-profit operation, and by 1930 such schools ceased to exist.
      However, the competitive nature of the 1930s made altogether clear that entry
      control was a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for the maximization of
      dentist profits, and thus organized dentistry began its turn inward, focusing on
      the competitive behavior of existing dentists.

PMID- 6366041
TI  - Benign neural invasion in chronic pancreatitis.
AB  - We describe two cases of benign neural invasion by proliferated islet cells in a
      background of chronic pancreatitis, and cite additional examples of benign neural
      invasion in other locations. This phenomenon, which represents the presence of
      collections of benign epithelial structures in a nerve or in a perineural space,
      is usually associated with an adjacent proliferative, but benign process,
      suggesting that mechanical forces may produce displacement along planes of least
      resistance. The important point is that neural invasion is not synonymous with
      malignancy, and that benign epithelial structures can be encountered in both a
      perineural and intraneural location.

PMID- 6366042
TI  - Exogenous peritonitis.
AB  - A syndrome of abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, weight loss, and fever can
      be caused by adhesions from granulomatous peritonitis. Contamination of the
      abdominal cavity at operation by cotton lint from disposable surgical drapes and
      laparotomy pads appears to be the etiological factor. Exogenous granulomatous
      peritonitis has been virtually ignored as a cause of postoperative intestinal
      obstruction, but we recognized three cases in the same community hospital during
      a 6-month period. Special stains and characteristic morphology identified the
      offending agent. Some patients may require corticosteroids or nonsteroidal anti
      inflammatory drugs, such as indomethacin, to prevent recurrence of the syndrome.

PMID- 6366043
TI  - Effect of cigarette smoking on gastrointestinal physiology and non-neoplastic
      digestive disease.

PMID- 6366044
TI  - The use of lyophilized Schistosoma mansoni eggs as antigenic particles in a
      radioimmunoassay.
AB  - Lyophilized eggs of Schistosoma mansoni, when incubated briefly with serum from
      infected mice, bind antibodies, as made evident by subsequent binding of
      fluorescein labelled anti-IgG or 125I-labelled Protein A. On the basis of these
      findings, a radioimmunoassay was devised which employs whole lyophilized eggs
      (500 or 250 eggs/serum sample) as antigenic particles and 125I-labelled Protein A
      as a probe for antibody binding. Only 10 microliters of serum are required to
      obtain 90% of the maximal binding. Kinetic studies indicated that 70% of the
      maximal seropositivity develops in mice between five and six weeks after a light
      infection, reaches a maximum at eight weeks and fluctuates around a high plateau
      thereafter. Pre-incubation of the test serum with soluble egg antigen (SEA)
      considerably inhibits antibody binding to the eggs, suggesting that SEA-like
      antigens participate in the reaction.

PMID- 6366045
TI  - Nematospiroides dubius: factors affecting the primary response to SRBC in
      infected mice.
AB  - Mice infected with Nematospiroides dubius were incapable of responding normally
      to i.p. or i.v. challenge with SRBC. The HA and PFC response to SRBC in infected
      animals was characterized by a severe depression of antibody to SRBC on day 4 and
      a reduced HA peak titre during the following week. The greatest depression of the
      response to SRBC was associated with an interval of 14 days between infection and
      the administration of antigen, suggesting that a particular stage of the parasite
      contributed significantly to immunodepression during this critical period. It was
      proposed that a combination of parasite induced damage to the intestine, release
      of parasite secretory/excretory products and loss of appetite by the host
      produced trauma during which the host was incapable of responding normally.
      However, mice given low-level and long-standing infections also showed reduced
      responses to SRBC, although these animals were not severely depressed. It is
      possible that this generalized weakening of host immunocompetence is the
      inevitable consequence of a parasite mechanism which operates more specifically
      to suppress the expression of homologous immunity at the intestinal level.

PMID- 6366046
TI  - Dr. E. and other patients: new lessons from old case reports.

PMID- 6366047
TI  - Paupers or patients? Obstacles to professionalization in the Poor Law medical
      service before 1914.

PMID- 6366048
TI  - Hughlings Jackson: the early development of his ideas on epilepsy.

PMID- 6366049
TI  - Toothpastes containing betel nut (Areca catechu L.) from England of the
      nineteenth century.

PMID- 6366050
TI  - The Bingen cautery: an addendum.

PMID- 6366052
TI  - Changes in Ia expression in mouse kidney during acute graft-vs-host disease.
AB  - We induced graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) in mice to determine whether immunologic
      stimuli could alter renal Ia expression. Two strain combinations were used: B6.C
      H-2bm12 into C57BL/6, an I-A mutation difference, and A.SW into A.TL, differing
      in the I and D regions of H-2. By day 10 after allogeneic reconstitution of
      lethally irradiated recipients with bone marrow and spleen cells, the recipients
      had developed acute GVHD, as measured by their spleen to body weight ratio.
      Histologic examination revealed focal interstitial infiltrates of mononuclear
      cells in the kidneys. The expression of host Ia in these kidneys was increased up
      to 10-fold, as measured by absorption, and indirect immunofluorescence indicated
      that certain renal tubule cells had become strongly positive, suggesting that
      these were the principal sites of the increase in Ia expression. Similar
      increases were not observed in donor Ia. Tubule cells may have become Ia positive
      by passive uptake, or more probably, by the increase of Ia biosynthesis in cells
      that usually synthesize little or no Ia. Lethal irradiation without
      reconstitution tended to decrease renal Ia expression, as assessed by absorption
      and immunofluorescence. The results indicate that renal Ia expression,
      particularly in renal tubules, can be altered by changes in the immune system,
      raising the possibility of a role for such altered Ia expression in autoimmune or
      alloimmune responses involving the kidney.

PMID- 6366051
TI  - Murine immune responses to Salmonella lipopolysaccharide: oral administration of
      whole bacteria to C3H/HeJ mice induces secondary anti-LPS responses, especially
      of the IgA isotype.
AB  - Because our past studies have shown that oral administration of thymic-dependent
      antigens induces higher IgA responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) nonresponsive
      C3H/HeJ mice than in syngeneic, LPS-responsive C3H/HeN animals, it was of
      interest to compare anti-LPS responses in these mouse strains after oral
      administration of particulate antigens containing LPS. C3H/HeJ and C3H/HeN mice
      were given smooth Salmonella typhimurium LT-2 or rough S. minnesota Rb (R345) or
      Re (R595) organisms by gastric intubation for 3 consecutive days/wk for 2 wk and
      were boosted by the i.v. route with either the same bacterial immunogen or with
      purified homologous LPS. Four days later, splenic anti-LPS plaque-forming cell
      (PFC) responses were assessed with a panel of indicator sheep erythrocytes (SRBC)
      coated with LPS derived from either smooth (S-LPS-SRBC) or rough (Rb-LPS-SRBC or
      Re-LPS-SRBC) Salmonella. In separate studies, both serum and salivary antibodies
      of the IgM, IgG, and IgA isotypes were determined by ELISA, with whole Salmonella
      cells used as the coating antigen. Oral immunization with LT-2 resulted in good
      IgM, IgG1 and IgA splenic anti-LPS PFC responses in C3H/HeJ mice, with the major
      isotype being IgA. Mice boosted i.v. with purified LPS gave five- to sixfold
      higher anti-S-LPS PFC responses than did mice given whole bacteria by the i.v.
      route. Low anti-Rb-LPS and anti-Re-LPS PFC responses were seen in both mouse
      strains. Enhanced immune responses in orally primed C3H/HeJ mice was not due to
      LPS-induced polyclonal responses, because splenic cultures from these mice gave
      poor mitogenic responses to LPS. A similar pattern of response was obtained when
      C3H/HeJ or C3H/HeN mice were given RB (R345) or Re (R595) bacteria orally and
      boosted i.v. with purified homologous LPS or whole cells. C3H/HeJ mice again
      showed higher immune responses in all isotypes than did C3H/HeN animals. Mice
      given Rb (R345) immunogen gave maximum responses to Rb-LPS, lower responses to Re
      LPS, and no responses to S-LPS, whereas C3H/HeJ mice immunized with Re (R595)
      immunogen gave maximum PFC responses to Re-LPS and lower responses to Rb-LPS.
      Serum and salivary antibody titers closely paralleled the splenic PFC responses,
      and IgA antibodies were the predominant isotype observed, with higher IgA
      responses occurring in orally immunized C3H/HeJ mice than in C3H/HeN animals.
      These results clearly indicate that C3H/HeJ mice given whole Salmonella by
      gastric intubation elicit higher PFC and antibody responses to the three major
      LPS regions than do identically treated LPS-responsive C3H/HeN mice.

PMID- 6366053
TI  - Acetylated diamines inhibit endotoxin-induced lymphocyte activation.
AB  - Fully acetylated diamines hexamethylenebisacetamide (HMBA) and diacetylputrescine
      (tetramethylenebisacetamide, TMBA) cause inhibition of murine B lymphocyte
      activation in the absence of ruminant serum. Mitogenesis induced by LPS, LAP, and
      8-BrcGMP was profoundly inhibited in the presence of 3 mM HMBA and TMBA. PHA
      stimulated thymidine uptake was not affected. Higher levels of the acetylated
      polyamines were toxic to lymphocytes. Immunoglobulin secretion by LPS-stimulated
      spleen cells was inhibited in similar fashion. This inhibition requires the early
      addition of the polyamines and does not appear to be associated with direct
      inhibition of DNA synthesis. These data support the hypothesis that polyamines
      represent immunomodulatory agents and suggest that acetylated derivatives of
      polyamines may also have activity in regulating B lymphocyte activation.

PMID- 6366054
TI  - A rapid, automated colorimetric assay for measuring antibody binding to cell
      surface antigens.
AB  - An automated, colorimetric procedure is described for detecting antibodies
      specific for cell surface antigens. The procedure entails (a) coating the wells
      of 96-well microplates with either protein A or anti-immunoglobulin antibodies
      and (b) preincubating either the microplate or target cells with the test
      antibody. Target cells which react with the test antibody bind to the wells of
      the microplate and bound cells are quantitated by staining with the dye Rose
      Bengal. A microplate spectrophotometer is used to measure absorbance in each well
      of the plate, providing a rapid, automated measure of antibody titre. The assay
      is simple to perform, uses readily available reagents and gives comparable
      sensitivity to rosetting assays. With these features, and the capacity for
      handling large numbers of trays quickly, this method has obvious advantages in
      screening for antibody activity in culture supernatants of hybridoma clones.

PMID- 6366055
TI  - Precipitability and composition of HBsAg-anti-HBs immune complexes formed in the
      presence of complement. A model of circulating immune complex analysis.
AB  - Immune complexes (IC) of partially purified HBsAg and human anti-HBs were
      prepared at different antigen/antibody ratios in the presence of complement in
      normal human serum (NHS), and under conditions not allowing complement activation
      in buffers or in NHS containing 10 mM EDTA (NHS-EDTA). Commercial preparations of
      the radiolabelled antigen and antibody were used. IC formed in NHS were not
      significantly precipitated even after incubation for 24 h at 4 degrees C, whereas
      a typical precipitation curve was observed with complexes formed in the absence
      of complement. Thus, complement activation was found to markedly and permanently
      inhibit precipitability of HBsAg-anti-HBs immune complexes (HBsAg-IC). HBsAg-IC
      were precipitated from sera with 3.5% polyethylene glycol (PEG), boiled in sodium
      dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-urea buffer, and analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide slab gel
      electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). With complexes formed in the presence of complement,
      about one-sixth of the antibody activity was found in high molecular weight
      fractions corresponding in size to IgG oligomers. By contrast, with complexes
      formed without complement, no significant amount of antibody was found in these
      fractions. With blotting technique and radiolabelled anti-human-C3 antibody, it
      was demonstrated that anti-HBs was covalently bound to C3b fragments in IC formed
      in the presence of complement and was in the high molecular weight fractions.

PMID- 6366057
TI  - A quantitative microassay for leukocyte chemotaxis, using a microscopic slide
      system with complement-activating yeast particles as gradient source.
AB  - A simple quantitative microassay was developed for studying polymorphonuclear
      leukocyte (PMNL) chemotaxis under conditions where the number of available cells
      is a limiting factor, e.g., pustules, neutropenia, small children and
      cerebrospinal fluid. PMNL suspensions are placed on glass slides to which
      fluorescein-labeled yeast particles have been fixed. After adherence, normal
      human serum is added to the slides. Owing to complement activation, a chemotactic
      gradient which attracts the adherent PMNL is formed around the yeast particles.
      The number of PMNL-associated yeast particles in the presence of normal serum is
      scored, and compared with cells migrating in the presence of inactivated serum or
      in the absence of serum. A locomotory index is calculated as the number of yeast
      particles associated with PMNL divided by the total number of yeast particles.

PMID- 6366056
TI  - Adaptation of the Boyden chamber to flow conditions: rheological effects on
      chemotaxis.
AB  - Although standard Boyden chambers assess chemotaxis under static fluid conditions
      they are routinely used as an experimental system to model the dynamic events
      associated with leukocyte extravasation in vivo. We have adapted the Boyden
      chamber system by incorporating it within the confines of a cone and plate
      viscometer which can then be employed to generate known shear conditions as the
      chemotactically responding cells migrate. Our results show that random locomotion
      of rat peritoneal exudate cells is stimulated under shear conditions within the
      range of 11.25-90/s relative to that under static conditions. Furthermore,
      chemotaxis to the synthetic tripeptide F-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) is also stimulated
      under shear conditions with the peak effect occurring near 22.5/s. This
      adaptation of the standard chamber system to allow the study of chemotaxis under
      flow conditions may provide further insight on the migratory properties of
      leukocytes in vivo.

PMID- 6366058
TI  - Enrichment of natural killer cells by negative selection: comparison to Percoll
      gradient separation method.
AB  - A method is described for the preparation of human peripheral blood mononuclear
      cell (PBMC) suspensions containing highly enriched natural killer (NK) cell
      cytotoxicity. The technique involved the negative selection of OKM1+ cells by the
      selective removal of nylon wool nonadherent PBMC which are reactive with the Leu
      1 monoclonal antibody. The Leu-1+ cells are removed by subsequent rosette
      formation with anti-mouse IgG coated bovine erythrocytes. The resultant OKM1+
      cell suspension had a greater number of large granular lymphocytes, K562 target
      binding effector cells, and lytic activity than concomitantly prepared fractions
      of Percoll gradients.

PMID- 6366059
TI  - Maintenance of granuloma macrophages in serum-free medium.
AB  - Granulomas were induced by injecting polyacrylamide beads into subcutaneous
      pouches created by divulsion of the dorsal skin of mice. More than 10(7)
      phagocytic cells (60% macrophages, 40% polymorphonuclear cells) could be
      recovered from this granuloma. The separation of the phagocytic cells can be
      achieved either following sedimentation in Percoll or following the incubation of
      cells on plastic petri dishes. Phagocytosis of zymosan was observed in
      macrophages maintained in vitro for 1 month in Eagle's serum-free medium.

PMID- 6366060
TI  - The use of luminous bacteria for determination of phagocytosis.
AB  - The existing methods for phagocytosis evaluation are inadequate for assessing all
      the real events occurring during phagocytosis, or for continuously following the
      kinetics of the process. Our purpose is to establish the use of luminous bacteria
      as an object for phagocytosis. The bioluminescence test offers an easy and simple
      method to determine the kinetics of phagocytosis by following the luminescence of
      the bacteria. The terrestrial luminous bacteria Vibrio cholerae var. albensis are
      readily phagocytosed by polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells. The correlation
      coefficient between the decrease in luminescence and the decrease in viable count
      is 0.999. The rate of decrease in luminescence and the residual level of
      luminescence after 60 min of phagocytosis are proportional to the rate of
      increase in phagocytosis induced chemiluminescence, and to its maximal level,
      respectively. Opsonization requirements are comparable in both tests. Different
      inhibitors of the phagocytosis process caused similar changes in the rates of the
      bio- and chemiluminescence (correlation coefficient 0.974), and in the
      luminescence maximal level (correlation coefficient 0.804). The validity of the
      bioluminescence assay being proved, it is suggested as an alternative assay for
      phagocytosis assessment.

PMID- 6366061
TI  - A microtiter plate assay using cellulose acetate filters for measuring cellular
      [3H]serotonin release.
AB  - An assay system for measuring the release of tritium-labeled serotonin that
      accompanies cellular degranulation is described. The assay is carried out with
      [3H]serotonin loaded rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells that have been
      sensitized with IgE, and aliquots of these are combined with dilutions of
      specific antigen in the wells of a microtiter plate together with appropriate
      control samples. The released activity in all of the wells is harvested
      simultaneously and quickly using commercial cellulose acetate filters which are
      counted following addition of scintillation fluor. In many applications this
      plate assay is faster and more convenient than the conventional test tube assay,
      and the results obtained are shown to be comparable. For the plate assay, the
      effect of cell concentration and some other conditions are shown. In general it
      is found that greatly improved results can be obtained if the cells are cultured
      overnight during the [3H]serotonin incorporation. With this assay it is shown
      that RBL cells also release incorporated 51Cr specifically during degranulation.

PMID- 6366062
TI  - Use of antibody-coated polyacrylic plastic beads for semiquantitative
      determination of cell surface antigens.
AB  - Polyacrylic plastic beads coated with specific antibodies, which had previously
      been shown to bind specifically to cells carrying the related antigen, are shown
      to react quantitatively with the antigen on individual cells. The number of beads
      per cell which can be counted by simple microscopy is a measure of the amount of
      antigen accessible on the cell surface. The method may also be used in
      combination with other methods for cell surface antigens, such as
      immunofluorescence, for multiple antigen determination.

PMID- 6366063
TI  - A lavage technique allowing repeated measurement of IgA antibody in mouse
      intestinal secretions.
AB  - Mouse intestinal secretions can be readily obtained without harm to the mice by
      administering a lavage solution to them intragastrically followed by pilocarpine
      intraperitoneally. These secretions are rich in proteases but this enzyme
      activity can be blocked by addition of a mixture of inhibitors. Both total and
      specific IgA antibody could be measured in these secretions using ELISA
      techniques. The total IgA recovered was found to vary considerably, even in the
      same group of mice sampled on multiple occasions. Specific IgA anti-cholera toxin
      antibody was easily demonstrable in the intestinal secretions of mice fed cholera
      toxin but not of mice fed an irrelevant antigen. Expression of the specific IgA
      antibody per unit of total IgA recovered is desirable in order to correct for the
      variable recovery of IgA.

PMID- 6366064
TI  - Improved enzyme immunoassays for the detection of antigens in fecal specimens.
      Investigation and correction of interfering factors.
AB  - Solid phase enzyme immunoassays (EIA) are widely used for the detection of
      infectious agents in body fluids such as stool specimens. However, we found that
      stool specimens contained substances which desorb from 50% to 68% of the
      immunoreactant from solid phase surfaces. This desorbing activity decreased the
      sensitivity of EIA systems for toxin A of C. difficile, rotavirus and adenovirus.
      The desorbing activity in stool specimens was partially heat labile at 56 degrees
      C for 30 min, was present in stool fractions corresponding to an estimated
      molecular weight of 25,000 and was shown to degrade solid phase protein. In
      addition, the desorbing activity was partially reversed by specific and
      nonspecific protease inhibitors. Thus, the desorption may reflect the enzymatic
      activity of stool proteases. The desorption was markedly reduced by diluting
      specimens in 50% fetal calf serum or an acid-protein buffer such as 0.25 M
      citrate buffer, pH 4.7, containing 5% bovine serum albumin. These diluents were
      shown to improve the recovery of toxin A of C. difficile, rotavirus and
      adenovirus in EIA systems for these antigens.

PMID- 6366065
TI  - C1q binding and C1q deviation assays using enzyme labelled C1q.
AB  - Methods for the enzyme labelling of C1q are described. The C1q conjugates have
      been incorporated into suitably modified C1q deviation and C1q binding assays for
      circulating immune complexes. These assays show the expected high positivity rate
      in sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The assays using enzyme
      labelled C1q confer considerable advantages over their counterparts using 125I.

PMID- 6366066
TI  - Particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay (PCFIA): a new, rapid immunoassay
      technique with high sensitivity.
AB  - A new solid-phase fluorescence immunoassay technique is described and is
      exemplified by the detection of murine monoclonal antibodies to human IgG in
      hybridoma culture supernatants and the detection of murine IgG. The assay is
      performed in a specially designed 96-well plate. For antibody detection, antigen
      bound to submicron polystyrene particles is bound to its specific antibody, which
      is in turn reacted with fluorescein-labeled affinity-purified goat anti-mouse
      IgG. The reaction is complete in 10 min at ambient temperature. The solid phase
      is separated from the reaction mixture by filtration, washed and the total
      particle-bound fluorescence is determined by front-surface fluorimetry. The
      sensitivity of the technique for antibody detection is equivalent to enzyme
      linked immunoabsorbent assay and 2-4 ng/ml for murine IgG detection. It is
      readily amenable to automation.

PMID- 6366067
TI  - Microassay for photometric quantitation of macrophage mediated tumor cytotoxicity
      using an automated densitometer.
AB  - A simple and reproducible microassay for the quantitation of macrophage mediated
      cytotoxicity is described. The method is based on the measurement of absorbance
      at 630 nm of residual Giemsa stained target cells and effector macrophages using
      an automated densitometer. Applying this novel method, it was possible to
      demonstrate time dependent growth characteristics of C3H/MCA and BHK/Py target
      cell lines. Using C3HeB/FeJ or C3H/HeJ murine effector macrophages and syngeneic
      transformed fibroblast target cells (C3H/MCA or 3T12), the method was further
      applied to demonstrate: (1) dose related activation of macrophages by
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and by macrophage activating factor (MAF); (2)
      synergistic augmentation of MAF-mediated macrophage cytotoxicity by LPS; (3)
      unresponsiveness of C3H/HeJ macrophages to LPS; and (4) increased cytotoxicity
      with increasing effector: target cell ratios. Guinea pig peritoneal macrophages
      were also shown to produce enhanced LPS or MAF-mediated cytotoxicity for C3H/MCA
      or BHK/Py target cells. The novel method was shown to compare favorably with
      results obtained by cytotoxic release of [3H]thymidine from prelabeled target
      cells. The advantages of the method are: (1) the elimination of the need for
      radioactive materials; (2) the ability to perform quantitation directly in
      microtiter plates; (3) the relative ease and rapidity in which experiments may be
      performed and quantitated; (4) its sensitivity and reproducibility; and (5) the
      ability to simultaneously quantitate and observe the biological events either
      microscopically or macroscopically.

PMID- 6366068
TI  - Acid treatment enhances IL-2 activity of conditioned medium.
AB  - Although conditioned medium (CM) from human lymphocytes or mononuclear cells is
      the most readily available source of interleukin-2 (IL-2) for human T cell
      culture, its IL-2 activity in our experience is inconsistent. It is likely that
      this is, at least in part, due to the presence of toxic substances in the CM.
      Using CM from TPA/SEA induced human mononuclear cells, we have found that acid
      treatment (pH 2.0, greater than 30 min) significantly improves its ability to
      promote T cell growth. It is postulated that the selection process which occurs
      in cultures of mitogen stimulated T cells may result in cells which are sensitive
      to mitogen-induced lymphotoxins and that these are inactivated by the acid
      treatment. Since acid treatment did not similarly improve the T cell growth
      promoting ability of PHA induced, lectin-free commercial IL-2, there must be
      other differences between it and our CM, which play a role in T cell growth.

PMID- 6366069
TI  - Human schistosomiasis and its management.

PMID- 6366070
TI  - Suppurative epididymo-orchitis due to Salmonella enteritidis.
AB  - A 50-year-old man developed suppurative epididymo-orchitis 3 weeks after an
      episode of gastroenteritis. Culture of the removed testis yielded Salmonella
      enteritidis. The importance of remembering salmonella in the differential
      diagnosis of epididymo-orchitis is stressed.

PMID- 6366071
TI  - Erythromycin resistant Streptococcus pyogenes in Merseyside.

PMID- 6366072
TI  - Erythromycin resistant Streptococcus pyogenes in Cambridge.

PMID- 6366073
TI  - Experimental bullous pemphigoid in guinea pigs: the role of pemphigoid
      antibodies, complement, and migrating cells.
AB  - Dermal-epidermal separation (DES) could be produced in vivo, 6 h after the
      injection of sera taken from patients with bullous pemphigoid into the dorsal
      skin of Hartley guinea pigs. DES did not occur when antihuman IgG rabbit serum
      was injected prior to the injection of the sera taken from patients with bullous
      pemphigoid. When IgG fraction from the patient's sera was injected, DES was also
      observed. Histologic findings in the skin specimens in vivo with concentrated
      sera or IgG fraction have shown DES, some cell infiltrations of neutrophils,
      eosinophils, and some lymphocytes similar to the skin lesions of bullous
      pemphigoid patients. Various reagents, such as colchicine, cytochalasin B, EDTA,
      and steroid were injected prior to the IgG fraction injection. DES and the
      migration of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes were inhibited by the
      preinjection of these reagents. These observations suggest that the migration of
      PMN leukocytes was necessary for the formation of DES. When IgG fraction was
      injected into C3-inactivated guinea pigs with cobra venom factor, DES was
      inhibited, whereas DES was not completely inhibited when IgG fraction was
      injected into C4-deficient guinea pigs. These results suggested that an
      alternative pathway may be necessary for DES.

PMID- 6366074
TI  - HLA-DR antigen expression in primary melanomas of the skin.
AB  - Ninety-three primary malignant melanomas of the skin were typed
      immunohistologically for the expression of HLA-DR on tumor cells. HLA-DR-positive
      stroma cells were HLA-DR-negative or only locally positive in most cases. In 36
      (39%) of the lesions more than 10% of the tumor cells were stained by two
      monoclonal antibodies against the nonpolymorphic portion of HLA-DR. HLA-DR
      positive tumor cells were often accumulated at the advancing front of the
      melanoma. The occurrence of HLA-DR-positive tumor cells was related to tumor
      thickness and level of invasion. Substantial numbers of HLA-DR-positive tumor
      cells were found in half of the tumors thicker than 1.5 mm and in only 18% of
      flatter lesions. The highest percentage of HLA-DR-positive tumors was found in
      the group of melanomas invading the reticular dermis (level IV). The majority of
      tumors (18/24) that had metastasized within an observation period of 0-32 months
      were HLA-DR-positive. Regarding the mononuclear cell infiltrate, no correlation
      between the degree of overall infiltrate and the expression of HLA-DR by the
      tumor cells was found. The infiltrate within the tumor, however, was more often
      marked in HLA-DR-positive than in HLA-DR-negative melanomas.

PMID- 6366075
TI  - Discontinuity of the basement membrane in fibrosing basocellular carcinomas and
      basosquamous carcinomas of the skin: an immunohistochemical study with human
      laminin and type IV collagen antibodies.
AB  - Thirteen basocellular carcinomas (BCC) of different histologic types and 5
      basosquamous carcinomas (BSC) of the skin were stained for laminin and type IV
      collagen with rabbit antibodies against the human basement membrane (BM)
      proteins, using an immunoperoxidase technique. The BM around the tumor aggregates
      contained both laminin and type IV collagen, and was continuous and distinct in
      all the nonfibrosing BCCs but indistinct or interrupted in the fibrosing BCCs and
      BSCs. The BM was not influenced by the focal adnexal differentiation of the BCC
      cells. The disintegrity of the BM in the fibrosing BCCs and BSCs may reflect some
      kind of disturbance in the interaction between the neoplastic epithelium and the
      connective tissue stroma, and be connected with the more aggressive nature of
      these tumors compared with ordinary BCCs. Thus local aggressive behavior seems to
      be accompanied by defects in the BM.

PMID- 6366076
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of basement membrane components during hair
      follicle morphogenesis.
AB  - Specific antisera were used to investigate the distributions of several basement
      membrane zone (BMZ) components, namely, bullous pemphigoid antigen (BPA), heparan
      sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), laminin, and type IV collagen, during the
      development of hair follicles in late embryo rats. BPA was not visible by
      indirect immunofluorescence in the BMZ before epidermal involution but appeared
      in all regions of BMZ after this had occurred. As follicular length increased
      during maturation, the distribution of BPA was no longer uniform, being reduced
      or absent from the BMZ around the lower part of the elongating follicle. HSPG was
      associated with the basal cell layer prior to the appearance of hair follicle
      primordia and became BMZ-associated before birth but after follicle buds were
      first observed. HSPG was also found to be associated with the basal cell surfaces
      in the epidermis, but not in the hair follicle. Laminin and type IV collagen were
      continually present in epidermal and follicular BMZ both before and during
      development of hair follicles and were later present in the dermal papilla
      matrix. From these observations we conclude that (1) laminin and type IV collagen
      are functionally important for BMZ integrity before and during epidermal and
      follicular maturation, (2) HSPG may have a cell surface function in epidermis as
      well as roles in BMZ organization and properties, and (3) the distribution of BPA
      is indicative of its association only with regions of tissue not involved in
      morphogenetic change. We also suggest that the cell-matrix interactions
      documented for BPA, HSPG, laminin, and fibronectin may depend on the type of
      tissue involved and its state of development, differentiation, or repair.

PMID- 6366077
TI  - Safety and antigenicity of typhoid-Shigella sonnei vaccine (strain 5076-1C).
AB  - The form-1 antigen of Shigella sonnei was transferred to the avirulent Salmonella
      typhi strain 21a and the resulting 5076-1C transconjugate strain was tested for
      safety and immunogenicity as a candidate oral vaccine. The transconjugant strain
      was shown to be well tolerated and safe in 19 human volunteers who were fed from
      1 X 10(7) to 1 X 10(10) organisms. Only two of 10 volunteers tested had developed
      a rise in antibody titer to the lipopolysaccharide of the hybrid 5076-1C strain.

PMID- 6366078
TI  - Evaluation of low-dose pharmacological combinations for inhibition of the effects
      of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin in suckling mice.

PMID- 6366079
TI  - Acute suppurative thyroiditis caused by Serratia marcescens.

PMID- 6366080
TI  - Adipocyte stem cell: a brief review.

PMID- 6366081
TI  - Improvement of human melanoma colony formation in soft agar using boiled instead
      of autoclaved agar.
AB  - The effect of agar sterilized by either boiling or autoclaving on human melanoma
      colony formation in soft agar was compared using cells from 17 biopsies of
      metastatic malignant melanoma. The frequency of colony formation was
      significantly increased for cells grown in boiled agar in 8 samples (47%),
      unchanged in 8 samples (47%), and decreased in only one sample (6%). There were
      increases in both cluster and colony formation for the melanomas which had
      augmented colony formation when grown in boiled agar. There was also qualitative
      morphological improvement, including rounder, smoother cells and less
      extracellular debris surrounding the colonies. These data suggest that melanoma
      colony formation is enhanced when cells are grown in agar which has been
      sterilized by boiling rather than autoclaving.

PMID- 6366082
TI  - Stem cells from peripheral blood and bone marrow: a comparative evaluation of the
      hemopoietic potential in the dog.
AB  - The kinetics and pattern of hemopoietic recovery after supralethal total-body
      irradiation (TBI) were compared after transfusion of cryopreserved autografts
      derived from peripheral blood and bone marrow. Fractionated TBI was given in
      three doses of 6 Gy each at intervals of 48 h. Grafts of peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells (MNC) were collected by means of continuous-flow centrifugation
      and by using the mobilizing agent, dextran sulphate. Autografts were adjusted to
      contain equal numbers of committed progenitor cells (CFU-GM). Dogs grafted with
      blood-derived MNC (group A) and with MNC from bone marrow (group B) all received
      about 1 X 10(5) CFU-GM per kg body weight. In all dogs consistent hemopoietic
      engraftment was achieved. Comparing the pattern of regeneration of the
      granulocytes, group A dogs showed a significant regeneratory advantage over group
      B dogs, particularly during the first 20 days after transplantation. Lymphoid
      recovery was more rapid in group A until day 14. In both groups, blood
      lymphocytes remained below normal values beyond day 100. The regeneration
      patterns of the platelets and reticulocytes revealed no significant differences.
      These results are in agreement with the hypothesis that there are differences in
      the relationship between CFU-GM content and hemopoietic potential of autografts
      from different sources.

PMID- 6366083
TI  - Modulation of human tumor colony growth in soft agar by serum.
AB  - The factors controlling the growth of human tumor cells in soft agar are poorly
      understood. However, it has been demonstrated that serum provides factors which
      promote anchorage-independent growth. We tested 58 tumor specimens, which were
      obtained from patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung, colon, ovary or squamous
      cell carcinoma, for their ability to form colonies in soft agar in serum-free or
      serum-supplemented media. The cells were unable to replicate, and none of the
      hormones or growth factors tested: insulin (I), transferrin (T), selenium (S),
      estradiol (E), hydrocortisone (H) or epidermal growth factor (EGF) could
      substitute for serum. Examination of the serum dose-response curves indicated
      that growth factors reduced the serum concentrations needed to support anchorage
      independent growth. The addition of the supplements and the lowering of serum
      concentrations increased cloning efficiencies (C.E.) in 38/51 trials, when cells
      were able to grow initially. The addition of ITS increased C.E. in 18/21 cases,
      HITES in 15/17 cases and EGF in 12/18 cases as compared to controls. ITS and
      HITES increased the number of colonies only when serum was the limiting factor.
      EGF, however, increased the number of colonies even when serum was not the
      limiting factor. The ability of the supplements to enhance growth could not be
      correlated to tumor type or initial cloning efficiencies. However, in only 1/25
      cases were cells that were unable to form colonies under standard conditions
      induced to form colonies in the presence of the growth factors. Normal and tumor
      derived human fibroblasts did not form colonies in soft agar in the presence of
      these growth factors. The results suggest that human tumor cells may require the
      presence of serum-derived factors for growth in soft agar.

PMID- 6366084
TI  - Periodontal therapy: a summary status report--1983.

PMID- 6366086
TI  - [Chondrogenesis and microenvironment: roles of somatomedin-like growth factors
      and extracellular matrix].

PMID- 6366085
TI  - [Responses of alpha and beta cells of the pancreas to arginine during
      cardiopulmonary bypass].

PMID- 6366087
TI  - [Phosphorylation of smooth muscle myosin].

PMID- 6366088
TI  - Effect of LH-RH on LH release from the dispersed pituitary cells of pregnant
      rats.
AB  - In order to study the mechanism which induces a sudden drop in serum LH levels
      between day 11 and 13 of pregnancy in rats, LH responses of the pituitary to LH
      RH were investigated using an in vitro incubation system of the dispersed
      pituitary cells. Dispersed pituitary cells, obtained on day 10 or 15 of
      pregnancy, were incubated for 3 hours with synthetic LH-RH. The addition of 5ng
      LH-RH significantly increased the release of LH from the pituitary cells both on
      days 10 and 15 of pregnancy. The response of LH to LH-RH was significantly
      greater on day 10 than 15. A combination treatment of estradiol and progesterone
      blocked the stimulatory effect of LH-RH on LH release on day 10 but not on day
      15. These results indicated that LH responsiveness of the pituitary was decreased
      between day 10 and day 15 of pregnancy, and this would play an important role in
      the lowering of serum LH levels during mid-pregnancy in rats. A possible role of
      progesterone and estradiol in the regulation of the responsiveness of the
      pituitary to LH-RH was also suggested.

PMID- 6366089
TI  - Implications of subcellular steroid binding sites in endometrial cancer,
      determined by an immunofluorescent steroid-antibody technique and biochemical
      assay.
AB  - A discrepancy has been found between the progestogen level necessary for
      treatment of endometrial cancer and the steroid receptor level detected for the
      response indicator. Therefore the relationships between the steroid binding
      quantity detected biochemically and the steroid reactivity determined
      immunofluorescently was evaluated subcellularly in the endometrial cancers.
      Estradiol-17 beta and progesterone fluorescences were not always related to the
      classical steroid receptor binding quantities. These two steroids bound to the
      nuclear components directly, but heterogeneously. In the biochemical method using
      fractionated dispersed cancer cells, cellular heterogeneity of the steroid
      receptor mechanism in a given endometrial cancer tissue was proved. Steroid
      fluorescence was not related to the steroid-receptor complex quantity in the
      normal endometrial nucleus. This suggests that the binding of steroid antibody to
      the steroid-receptor bound already to the nucleus seems to be inhibited due to
      steric hindrance. Therefore the nuclear steroid fluorescence did not always give
      the nuclear steroid-receptor complex quantity. These results indicate
      heterogeneity in the estrogen and progestogen receptor mechanism in endometrial
      cancer, when studied by the biochemical and immunofluorescent techniques, and
      that these steroids bind to the nucleus directly and may influence the nuclear
      mechanism. Therefore, in endometrial cancer progestogen does not always have a
      therapeutic effect through the progestogen receptor and does not affect the
      therapeutic effect on any of the cells.

PMID- 6366090
TI  - [HLA antigens in choriocarcinoma].
AB  - Choriocarcinoma can be regarded as transplanted cancer, because its origin is in
      trophoblast which is fetal tissue. It is of interest whether HLA antigens are
      expressed on choriocarcinoma cells or not, since HLA antigens may play an
      important role if the patient's body could recognize choriocarcinoma as "not
      self" and initiate its immune response. In this report choriocarcinoma tissue in
      the uterus, obtained after hysterectomy, is stained by an indirect
      immunofluorescence technique using monoclonal antibodies to HLA-A,B,C and HLA-DR.
      We believe this is the first immunohistological study in which choriocarcinoma in
      utero is available for study and monoclonal antibodies to HLA antigens are
      applied. In the staining of HLA-A,B,C, and of HLA-DR, host cells, such as
      myometrial cells, show positive staining but choriocarcinoma cells show negative
      staining. It is thought that choriocarcinoma cells are viable and show negative
      staining of HLA antigens, on the basis of finding following HE staining and hCG
      staining using anti-hCG antibody and the clinical remarks of the patient such as
      her high urinary hCG titer before operation and no history of chemotherapy. These
      results agree with those of previous studies about HLA antigens on
      choriocarcinoma cell lines.

PMID- 6366091
TI  - [Immunohistochemical demonstration of carcinoembryonic antigen and
      ultrastructural features of endometrial adenocarcinoma].
AB  - Determination of carcinoembryonic antigen levels in plasma (45 cases) and the
      immunohistochemical demonstration of tumor CEA (37 cases) were carried out in
      patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma. Twenty four out of 37 were also studied
      with the electron microscope. The plasma CEA level prior to therapy was
      significantly elevated (greater than 5.0ng/ml) in only one case (1/45:2.2%) of
      endometrial adenocarcinoma. CEA levels were more consistently elevated
      (4/17:23.5%) in patients with cervical adenocarcinoma. Immunoperoxidase staining
      of CEA (PAP method) was carried out using formalin-fixed paraffin embedded
      sections of 37 tumors. Tissue CEA activities were found in 9 out of 37
      endometrial adenocarcinomas (24.3%) and 19 of 23 cervical adenocarcinomas
      (82.6%). Immunoreactive CEA was present in a high concentration on the cell
      surface of endometrial glands and less dense in their cytoplasm. In 9 of CEA
      positive endometrial carcinoma tissues, squamous metaplastic lesions were found
      in 4 cases and mucinous metaplasia in one case which were all CEA positive. With
      regard to the histopathological grade, CEA positive specimens were categorized G1
      (4) and G2 (5) and all of the G3 were CEA negative. Seven of 9 cases of CEA
      positive specimens were examined under the electron microscope. There was no
      definite tendency in their ultrastructural characteristics, but all of the
      specimens examined revealed abundant cytoplasmic organelles suggestive of
      intracytoplasmic differentiation analogous to those of endometrial cells in
      proliferative phase. Moreover, fine structures of squamous and mucinous
      metaplastic cells were also described in detail.

PMID- 6366092
TI  - Louisiana"s place in American surgery.

PMID- 6366093
TI  - Identification of a thermolysin-like metalloendopeptidase in serum: activity in
      normal subjects and in patients with sarcoidosis.
AB  - A thermolysin-like metalloendopeptidase, optimally active at a neutral pH, was
      identified in human serum. The enzyme cleaves the synthetic substrate glutaryl
      Ala-Ala-Phe-2-naphthylamide at the Ala-Phe bond. Activity was determined by
      measuring the rate of formation of Phe-2-naphthylamide in a coupled enzyme assay
      in the presence of excess aminopeptidase M. 2-Naphthylamine released during the
      reaction was determined by a diazotization procedure. Enzyme activity is not
      affected by inhibitors of serine, thiol, or carboxyl proteases, but is sensitive
      to inhibition by metal chelators such as EDTA and o-phenanthroline. Dialysis
      against EDTA leads to loss of activity, which can be fully restored by zinc and
      cobalt ions. The serum enzyme closely resembles a membrane-bound
      metalloendopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.11) abundant in lung, spleen, and kidney in that
      both enzymes are inhibited by the same active-site-directed inhibitors. In
      addition, an antiserum obtained against the metalloendopeptidase from rabbit
      kidney shows strong cross-reactivity with the serum enzyme. Metalloendopeptidase
      activity was measured in 150 controls and in 95 patients with sarcoidosis; the
      two groups had significantly different enzyme activities (p less than 0.001). The
      mean enzyme activity in the sarcoidosis group was more than threefold higher than
      that of the control group. The mean enzyme activity for patients with active
      disease was more than double that of patients with inactive disease and more than
      four times that of controls (p less than 0.001). This is noteworthy because
      angiotensin converting enzyme, a zinc-dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase with a
      mechanism of action similar to that of the metalloendopeptidase, has also been
      reported to be increased in the serum of patients with active sarcoidosis. Enzyme
      activity in patients with active tuberculosis, primary pulmonary neoplasms, and
      idiopathic interstitial pulmonary fibrosis did not differ significantly from that
      of controls.

PMID- 6366094
TI  - Amelioration of metabolic acidosis by dietary potassium restriction in
      hyperkalemic patients with chronic renal insufficiency.
AB  - Hyperkalemia has been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic acidosis in
      chronic renal insufficiency because acidosis is ameliorated after administration
      of medications that correct hyperkalemia: mineralocorticoids, diuretics,
      intestinal K+-binding agents. However, the acidosis-ameliorating effect of these
      medications may be a consequence not of their ability to correct hyperkalemia,
      but of their ability to directly stimulate renal or intestinal excretion of acid.
      To investigate the specific effect of correcting hyperkalemia, balance studies
      were performed wherein hyperkalemia was corrected solely by restriction of
      dietary K+ in three patients with moderate chronic renal insufficiency (Ccreat
      36, 44, and 58 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively). Reduction of K+ intake was effected
      by substitution of Na+ for K+ in the electrolyte supplement to a whole-food diet
      of low K+ content. This maneuver resulted in correction of hyperkalemia and
      sustained amelioration of metabolic acidosis in each patient. Net acid excretion
      increased only transiently, and not enough to fully account for the magnitude of
      the increment in plasma [HCO3-], suggesting that an extrarenal mechanism of HCO3-
      input to the systemic circulation was the major factor that ameliorated the
      systemic acidosis. Evidence of an extrarenal mechanism was obtained only during
      the phase of decreasing plasma [K+]. Subsequently, during sustained normokalemia,
      the increased plasma [HCO3-] was maintained as a consequence of a sustained
      increase in total renal H+ secretion, evidenced by complete reabsorption of the
      increased filtered load of HCO3- and no reduction in net acid excretion from
      control values. These results indicate that in some patients with moderate
      chronic renal insufficiency, metabolic acidosis is ameliorated when hyperkalemia
      is corrected by restriction of dietary K+ (Na+ substitution) without otherwise
      changing diet composition and without administration of medication. Amelioration
      of the acidosis is predominantly effected by extrarenal mechanisms, and is
      sustained by an increase in the set point at which plasma [HCO3-] is regulated by
      the kidney.

PMID- 6366095
TI  - Assessment of insulin resistance and its role in non-insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus.

PMID- 6366096
TI  - Prorenin-renin conversion by the contact activation system in human plasma: role
      of plasma protease inhibitors.
AB  - Acid-pretreated normal human plasma generates renin activity at 0 degree C and
      neutral pH by the activation of prorenin. The activation is caused by kallikrein
      generated from prekallikrein by activated factor XII. Nonacidified plasma also
      generates renin at 0 degree C, but at a lower rate (cold-promoted activation). In
      normal plasma, 14% +/- 1% of prorenin (mean +/- SEM, n = 30) was activated during
      incubation at 0 degree C for 7 days (range 6% to 26%). Cold-promoted activation
      of prorenin was within the normal range in plasma deficient in factor XI, X, IX,
      VIIIC, VII, V, prothrombin, or high mol wt kininogen. Cold-promoted activation of
      prorenin was less than or equal to 1% in plasma deficient in factor XII or
      prekallikrein. Reconstitution of these plasmas with highly purified factor XII or
      prekallikrein restored normal prorenin activation. Correction of high mol wt
      kininogen deficiency had no effect. Thus cold-promoted activation of prorenin
      depends on the presence of factor XII and prekallikrein, whereas the other
      clotting factors are not essential. The influence of the inhibitors C1 esterase
      inhibitor, alpha 2-macroglobulin, antithrombin III, and alpha 1-antitrypsin on
      the activation of prorenin was studied in factor XII-deficient plasma from which
      one or more of these inhibitors had been selectively removed by immunoadsorption.
      Factor XII was subsequently added, and the generation of renin at 37 degrees C
      was observed after complete factor XII-high mol wt kininogen-mediated activation
      of prekallikrein induced by dextran sulfate. No activation of prorenin was
      observed at 37 degrees C after depletion of C1 esterase inhibitor, alpha 2
      macroglobulin, antithrombin III, or alpha 1-antitrypsin. When prekallikrein was
      activated in plasma depleted of both C1 esterase-inhibitor and alpha 2
      macroglobulin, 6% of prorenin was activated in 2 hours at 37 degrees C. After
      additional depletion of antithrombin III, the activation increased to 47%. These
      results indicate that the contact activation system is capable of activating
      prorenin in plasma at physiologic pH and temperature when the three most
      important kallikrein inhibitors, C1 esterase-inhibitor, alpha 2-macroglobulin,
      and antithrombin III, are absent.

PMID- 6366097
TI  - Oral administration of alpha-ketoisovaleric acid or valine in humans: blood
      kinetics and biochemical effects.
AB  - alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid levels increase from 10.6 +/- 0.8 to 121 +/- 20
      mumol/L, and valine levels increase from 175 +/- 14 to 940 +/- 50 mumol/L after
      oral administration of an isomolar (62.5 mg/kg) bolus of alpha-ketoisovaleric
      acid or valine to healthy human subjects. alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid levels have a
      different time course relative to valine. alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid and valine
      affect various other amino and keto acids, and some of these effects are
      qualitatively different. alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid enhances alpha-ketoisocaproic
      acid and alpha-keto-beta-methyl-n-valeric acid, but diminishes the corresponding
      amino acids, and causes an early decline of ornithine along with a late
      augmentation of plasma arginine. Valine does the opposite. The data suggest that
      in humans, overall capacity for alpha-ketoisovaleric acid decarboxylation appears
      greater than the capacity for valine transamination, and that all branched-chain
      amino acids and branched-chain keto acids seem to be interconvertible by
      reversible transaminations.

PMID- 6366098
TI  - A trial of low-dose heparin therapy in open heart surgery patients.

PMID- 6366099
TI  - Pathology as it relates to ear surgery. V. Ossiculoplasty.
AB  - In the present state of the art, autografts and homografts behave equally well in
      ossiculoplasty. Allografts are to be reserved for cases in which these two are in
      short supply. Bone grafts, autogenous and homologous, did not show gross changes
      in physical characters or surface structure. No obvious remodelling occurred in
      the grafts eight years after their insertion in the middle-ear. Microscopically,
      progressive deposition of new bone occurred, resulting in narrowing of the bone
      lacunae and bone marrow spaces. Cartilage autografts underwent progressive
      ischemic calcification in the middle-ear. No evidence of erosion, dissolution or
      remodelling was apparent eight years after their insertion in the middle-ear.
      Plastipore prostheses resulted in a consistent local fibrous tissue and foreign
      body reaction. Micro-disintegration of the prostheses is questionable. No gross
      changes in the physical characters or surface structure of these prostheses was
      evident 34 months after their insertion in the middle-ear. Inadequate hearing
      results following ossiculoplasty in this series were most commonly due to loss of
      contact between the graft and the remaining ossicles. Eustachian tube dysfunction
      was another possibility. Dissolution of the grafts was not the cause in any of
      our cases.

PMID- 6366100
TI  - A double-blind clinical trial of hydroxyethylrutosides in Meniere's disease.
AB  - A double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial was undertaken in 39
      patients with well-defined Meniere's disease. After a one-month placebo run-in
      period, the patients were assigned, on a randomized basis, to three months'
      treatment with O-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides (HR) (2 g./day) followed by three
      months on placebo, or vice-versa. In spite of a very pronounced placebo effect
      and a marked tendency to a 'carryover' effect from the first sequence with HR
      into the second placebo sequence, there appeared to be a clear trend to a greater
      symptomatic improvement with HR treatment than with placebo. The audiometric
      findings showed a very clear, uniform superiority under HR treatment, for both
      air and bone conduction and at all five frequencies studied (250, 500, 1,000,
      2,000 and 5,000 Hz.) (p values between 0.002 and 0.05). Indeed, whereas there was
      a worsening of hearing-loss at each frequency under placebo during the first
      sequence, this was significantly diminished at each frequency under HR treatment.
      There were no significant changes in vestibulometry (caloric test) which showed
      wide variations already during the run-in period. Tolerance to HR treatment was
      excellent, the incidence of side-effects being similar to that in the placebo
      periods.

PMID- 6366101
TI  - Epistaxis and arterial ligation.
AB  - The management of severe epistaxis is discussed. Three groups of patients with
      severe epistaxis are studied retrospectively. The group which had early arterial
      ligation performed had a significantly reduced length of stay in hospital without
      increased risk. We conclude that early arterial ligation is the treatment of
      choice in severe epistaxis.

PMID- 6366102
TI  - Effect of bile acid oxazoline derivatives on microorganisms participating in 7
      alpha-hydroxyl epimerization of primary bile acids.
AB  - We tested bile acid oxazoline derivatives of chenodeoxycholic (CDC-OX), 7
      ketolithocholic (7-KLC-OX), ursodeoxycholic (UDC-OX), and deoxycholic (DC-OX) as
      inhibitors of the 7-epimerization of the primary bile acids cholic acid (CA) and
      CDC in cultures of four species of bacteria and the human fecal flora. The
      organisms tested elaborate a 7 alpha- and/or 7 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
      (HSDH); they were Escherichia coli (7 alpha-HSDH), Bacteroides fragilis (7 alpha
      HSDH), Clostridium absonum (7 alpha- and 7 beta-HSDH) and Eubacterium aerofaciens
      (7 beta-HSDH). None of the oxazolines affected 7 alpha-OH oxidation of CA or CDC
      by E. coli or the growth of the organism. All the oxazolines (except UDC-OX)
      inhibited the growth of B. fragilis and its 7 alpha-HSDH. In contrast, only DC-OX
      blocked 7 alpha-OH epimerization of CA by C. absonum. Surprisingly, the other
      three oxazolines enhanced 7 alpha-OH epimerization of CA, but not that of CDC,
      which was inhibited (CDC-OX greater than 7-KLC-OX much greater than UDC-OX).
      Enzymic data suggest that CDC-OX in the presence of CA can induce a greater level
      of both 7 alpha- and 7 beta-HSDH than CA or CDC-OX alone, CDC-OX being more toxic
      in the presence of CDC. Formation of urso-bile acid from 7-keto substrates by E.
      aerofaciens is totally blocked by the oxazolines (except UDC-OX). Similarly,
      suppression of urso-bile acid formation from primary bile acids by the human
      fecal flora was evident with DC-OX greater than 7-KLC-OX greater than CDC-OX much
      greater than UDC-OX, the last being ineffective. The inhibitory activity of the
      oxazolines on the 7-dehydroxylation of primary bile acids by human fecal flora
      followed the same order.

PMID- 6366103
TI  - Farnesol and farnesal dehydrogenase(s) in corpora allata of the tobacco hornworm
      moth, Manduca sexta.
AB  - The metabolism of [3H]farnesol was studied in cell-free preparations of corpora
      allata from the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, to assess the role of this
      presumed biosynthetic precursor of juvenile hormone (JH) III. A reversed-phase
      ion-pair liquid chromatographic (RP-IPC) procedure was devised to separate
      farnesol from several potential intermediates in its presumed metabolism to JH
      III: farnesal, farnesoic acid, 10,11-epoxyfarnesoic acid, and methyl farnesoate.
      Following incubation of (2E,6E)-[1,5,9-3H]farnesol with homogenates of corpora
      allata from fifth instar larvae or adult female M. sexta, and analysis by RP-IPC,
      the major radiolabeled products corresponded to farnesoic acid, farnesal, and a
      polar product(s) presumably derived from the tritium on C-1 of farnesol.
      Inclusion of NAD+ in the incubations conducted with crude homogenates resulted in
      enhanced [3H]farnesol metabolism, decreased accumulation of [3H]farnesal, and
      increased levels of [3H]farnesoic acid. Substitution of NADP+ for NAD+ was
      ineffective, suggesting that farnesol and/or farnesal dehydrogenase were NAD+
      dependent enzymes. Pellet fractions obtained by differential centrifugation of
      crude homogenates exhibited both farnesol and farnesal dehydrogenase activity but
      only the latter was clearly stimulated by addition of NAD+. The alcohol/aldehyde
      dehydrogenase(s) showed some substrate specificity for the 2E isomer; nerol and
      (2Z,6E)-farnesol were barely metabolized under conditions in which either
      geraniol or (2E,6E)-farnesol were rapidly oxidized. The identity of the
      [3H]farnesal zone obtained from RP-IPC was further established by normal-phase
      liquid chromatography and by gas-liquid chromatography-mass
      spectrometry.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6366104
TI  - Comparison of fenoprofen calcium, ibuprofen and placebo in primary dysmenorrhea.
AB  - This prospective, double-blind, parallel, two clinic study compared fenoprofen
      calcium, 200 mg; ibuprofen, 400 mg; and placebo in the treatment of pain due to
      primary dysmenorrhea. By various criteria, the treatment groups, prior to
      treatment, were not significantly different (P greater than 0.05) in paired
      comparisons. However, after oral administration of the study medications, the
      pain scores were significantly greater (P less than 0.05) for the placebo group
      than for either other group. The posttreatment pain scores for the fenoprofen and
      ibuprofen treated groups were not significantly different (P greater than 0.05).

PMID- 6366105
TI  - Glucagon and primary hyperlipidemias.
AB  - A reduction in glucagon secretion was found in a number of patients suffering
      from primary hyperlipidemias. This could be important in both the pathogenesis
      and classification of hyperlipidemias.

PMID- 6366106
TI  - Prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2) formation in lung tissues of infants in sudden
      infant death syndrome (SIDS), non-SIDS and adults.
AB  - SIDS lung tissues elaborated significantly (p less than 0.01) lower PGI2 as
      compared with non-SIDS and adults. Significant differences (p less than 0.01)
      between SIDS and non-SIDS were especially shown at 2-4 months of age, 16.46 +/-
      6.86 vs. 28.39 +/- 8.86 ng PGI2/50 mg of lung tissue, respectively, for SIDS and
      non-SIDS. A highly significant difference (p less than 0.001) was shown for SIDS
      (16.46 +/- 6.86 ng PGI2/50 mg lung tissue) when compared to adults (33.50 +/-
      5.60 ng PGI2/50 mg lung tissue). It is suggested that there is defective
      maturation in the development of prostacyclin synthetase in lung tissues of SIDS
      infants.

PMID- 6366107
TI  - Defective production of monocyte-activating cytokines in lepromatous leprosy.
AB  - We have examined the capacity of monocytes from patients with leprosy to undergo
      activation and the capacity of mononuclear cells from these patients to
      incorporate [3H]thymidine and produce monocyte-activating cytokines. Monocytes
      from patients with either lepromatous or tuberculoid leprosy were activated by
      concanavalin A (Con A)-induced mononuclear cell supernatants generated from the
      leukocytes of a normal person. Monocytes activated by these supernatants strongly
      inhibited L. pneumophila multiplication, and the degree of inhibition was
      comparable in both groups of patients. Mononuclear cells from patients with
      either form of leprosy responded comparably to Con A with vigorous [3H]thymidine
      incorporation. Mononuclear cells from patients with tuberculoid leprosy also
      vigorously incorporated [3H]thymidine in response to M. leprae antigens. In
      contrast, mononuclear cells from patients with lepromatous leprosy did not
      exhibit significant [3H]thymidine incorporation in response to M. leprae
      antigens. The capacity of mononuclear cells to generate monocyte-activating
      cytokines generally paralleled their capacity to incorporate [3H]thymidine in
      response to Con A and M. leprae. Mononuclear cells from patients with either form
      of leprosy responded to Con A with the production of cytokines (supernatants)
      able to activate normal monocytes, expressed by inhibition of L. pneumophila
      multiplication. However Con A-induced supernatants from patients with lepromatous
      leprosy were less potent than Con A-induced supernatants from patients with
      tuberculoid leprosy. Mononuclear cells from patients with tuberculoid leprosy
      responded to M. leprae antigens with the production of potent monocyte-activating
      supernatants. In contrast, mononuclear cells from patients with lepromatous
      leprosy did not produce monocyte-activating cytokines in response to M. leprae
      antigens. These studies support the hypothesis that the immunological defect in
      lepromatous leprosy results from a failure to activate mononuclear phagocytes
      rather than from an intrinsic inability of these cells to be activated. We
      suggest that the failure to activate mononuclear phagocytes stems from defective
      production of monocyte-activating cytokines in response to M. leprae antigens.

PMID- 6366108
TI  - Dichotomy in the tissue origin of schistosome acquired class I and class II major
      histocompatibility complex antigens.
AB  - Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula recovered from the lungs of mice have
      previously been shown to express host-derived class I and class II major
      histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens. To investigate the tissue origin of
      parasite-acquired MHC products, lung-stage schistosomula were obtained from a
      series of parent leads to F1 and F1 leads to parent bone marrow chimeras and the
      parasites typed by immunofluorescence for the presence of haplotype-specific K
      region and I region MHC determinants. The results of these experiments indicated
      that, despite their intravascular residence in the host, schistosomula derive all
      of their class I antigen from a nonhemapoietic tissue source. In contrast, the
      class II antigens expressed on the surface of schistosomula were found to
      originate from bone marrow-derived donor cells. These results support the
      hypothesis that MHC product acquisition by schistosomes involves selective and
      specific interactions with host tissue and, in the case of class I antigens,
      suggest that the endothelium may be a major site of host molecule uptake for the
      parasite.

PMID- 6366109
TI  - Effect of the degree of hyperglycaemia on the catalytic activities of
      glycosidases in kidney and urine of diabetic rats.
AB  - The catalytic activities of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase
      and alpha-glucosidase in kidney and urine of diabetic rats were investigated in
      relation to the duration of diabetes, to the degree of constant hyperglycaemia
      and to the therapeutic control in the early stage of disease. The results suggest
      that the degree of constant hyperglycaemia and the duration of untreated diabetes
      are significant determining factors for the course of morphological changes.
      These changes are manifested as a decrease of the glycosidases in kidney (0.5 to
      0.6 time the age-matched controls) and as moderate to severe enzymurias. Daily
      variation of blood glucose with inadequate insulin Lente therapy caused decreased
      N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and beta-galactosidase activities in kidney as
      well as enzymuria. Since such changes can be correlated with histologically
      visible changes in the kidney, the measurement of these enzymes in urine is a
      simple way of monitoring the development of kidney damage in poorly controlled
      diabetes. When constant normoglycaemia was maintained for three weeks with
      insulin Ultralente in diabetic rats with a confirmed decrease of kidney
      glycosidases, the persisting morphological alteration of the organ was reflected
      by a urinary output of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase.

PMID- 6366110
TI  - Management problems in dealing with an adolescent diabetic.

PMID- 6366111
TI  - Computerized bibliographic information service in a family practice clinic.
AB  - Access to current medical information is important for good-quality patient care.
      Computerized bibliographic information services (CBIS) have been evaluated in a
      family practice clinic as an aid to clinical decision making. Results suggest
      that CBIS is a relatively inexpensive, fast, easily accessible tool for
      clinicians, medical educators, and researchers.

PMID- 6366112
TI  - Genetic similarity between species of Akodon (Rodentia, Cricetidae).
AB  - Genetic similarity between species of rodents of the Akodon genus (A. dolores, A.
      molinae, and A. azarae) has been estimated by analysis of electrophoretic
      zymograms corresponding to 23 loci. Nei's coefficient between A. dolores and A.
      molinae was within the range usually found in conspecific populations. This
      evidence plus the successful production of "hybrids" (Merani et al., J. Exp.
      Zool., 206:343-346, '78) suggests that A. dolores and A. molinae may represent
      geographic races of the same species.

PMID- 6366113
TI  - Detection of drugs in saliva of impaired drivers.
AB  - This study examined the feasibility of detecting drugs using saliva samples
      obtained from impaired drivers. Screening procedures on 1- to 2-mL samples were
      for cannabinoids, volatiles, benzodiazepines, and other acidic/neutral/basic
      drugs. Methodology consisted of enzyme multiple immunoassay technique (EMIT) and
      temperature programmed gas chromatography with confirmation by gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Fifty-six samples were obtained from
      drivers arrested for suspicion of impaired driving. Other than alcohol, the major
      drugs detected were cannabinoids and diazepam. Cocaine was found in one case.

PMID- 6366114
TI  - The misapplication of genetic analysis in forensic science.

PMID- 6366115
TI  - Immunochemical studies of Staphylococcus aureus Oeding-Haukenes antigen a5: a
      phosphorus-containing polysaccharide.
AB  - Antigen a5 was isolated from strain 830 of Staphylococcus aureus by autolysis in
      phosphate buffer followed by alcohol precipitation. Purification was principally
      achieved by affinity chromatography on wheat germ agglutinin ultrogel and on anti
      S. aureus teichoic acid immunosorbent. The a5 antigen was weakly immunogenic in
      rabbits. Chemical analysis showed that a5 is a teichoic acid composed of ribitol
      phosphate, N-acetylglucosamine and alanine. It has similar physico-chemical
      properties to the wall beta-N-acetylglucosamine ribitol teichoic acid of S.
      aureus but is serologically distinct.

PMID- 6366116
TI  - The location and analysis of two heterokaryon incompatibility (het) loci in
      strains of Aspergillus nidulans.
AB  - The heterokaryon incompatibility system in Aspergillus nidulans has been
      investigated by parasexual methods. The use of complementary auxotrophs with a
      repeated serial transfer method or with a protoplast fusion technique has enabled
      heterokaryons and diploid strains to be recovered from heterokaryon incompatible
      combinations of strains. The effects of allelic interaction at heterokaryon
      incompatibility (het) loci on the morphologies of the heterokaryon and diploid
      colonies isolated are described. Parasexual analyses conducted among strains
      belonging to the heterokaryon compatibility groups, h-cGl and h-cB, and the two
      recombinant compatibility classes, have located the hetA and hetB genes to
      linkage groups V and VI respectively.

PMID- 6366117
TI  - A chromosome assay method for the detection of heterokaryon incompatibility (het)
      genes operating between members of different heterokaryon compatibility (h-c)
      groups in Aspergillus nidulans.
AB  - Protoplast fusion has made possible the isolation of a diploid strain from
      haploid parents belonging to heterokaryon compatibility (h-c) groups Q and Gl of
      Aspergillus nidulans. This diploid was not fully heterokaryon compatibility tests
      conducted between selected pairs of parasexually derived progeny strains
      facilitated a chromosome assay method for the detection of heterokaryon
      incompatibility (het) genes. Despite the lack of segregation for the linkage
      group VI marker, it proved possible to locate het genes on linkage groups III, V,
      VI and VII. Backcross data detected five het gene differences operating between
      the h-cQ and h-cGl parental strains. Two het loci were located on linkage group
      III.

PMID- 6366118
TI  - The unsuitability of the uridine incorporation assay for the measurement of
      phagocytosis of Escherichia coli.
AB  - The uridine incorporation technique for assaying phagocytosis is based on the
      fact that polymorphonuclear leucocytes are impermeable to labelled uridine, and
      therefore ingested bacteria inside phagocytic vacuoles will be unable to take it
      up. Extracellular bacteria, including those adherent to the phagocytic cell
      surface, can do so however. Differences in uptake between bacteria alone and in
      the presence of phagocytic cells can be used to measure ingestion. The present
      paper describes the application of this technique to Escherichia coli O-86 as the
      test organism. It appears that with this test species, the method is
      unsuccessful, because exposure of the non-ingested bacteria to some soluble
      product of the triggered polymorphonuclear leucocytes causes a large increase in
      their uridine uptake rates, over that of the control bacteria. The nature of the
      product responsible is unknown. It is unconnected with change in the pH of the
      medium, is heat stable, and is only produced by polymorphonuclear leucocytes
      which are actively phagocytosing. It may be that a release of phagolysosome
      contents is responsible.

PMID- 6366119
TI  - Antibacterial activity and uptake into Escherichia coli of backbone-modified
      analogues of small peptides.
AB  - Analogues of di- and tripeptides in which the peptide backbone is modified have
      been examined for antibacterial activity in vitro, and for uptake into
      Escherichia coli. Aminoxy and hydrazino types, in which the peptide linkage is
      replaced, respectively, by -CO-NHO- or -CO-NH-NH-, were active against E. coli,
      Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella dublin; retro, alpha-aza, tetrazole, and
      hydroxamic types were inactive. Highest potency against all three species was
      found in aminoxy analogues containing D-2-aminoxypropionic acid (D-OAla)
      residues, Ala-D-OAla being active at less than 1 mg 1-1. Uptake into E. coli was
      seen with all active types, but, with the exception of hydroxamic analogues not
      with the inactive types. Following uptake the toxic analogues were rapidly
      hydrolysed and the constituent amino acid residues underwent exodus. The
      substrate specificities of the peptide transport systems have been further
      defined on the basis of our results.

PMID- 6366120
TI  - Biological activity of a monoclonal antibody to a measles virus haemagglutinin
      epitope detected late in infection.
AB  - A hybrid cell line secreting monoclonal antibody 2H9c (mAb 2H9c) with measles
      virus haemagglutinin (HA) specificity was produced. The mAb 2H9c was non-reactive
      in haemagglutination inhibition and neutralization assays. A protein of apparent
      mol. wt. 79000 was immune-precipitated using a Triton X-100/SDS/sodium
      deoxycholate detergent buffer and two proteins with mol. wt. of 79000 and 69000
      were immune-precipitated using 1% Nonidet P40/sodium deoxycholate buffer in SDS
      PAGE assays. Similar results were obtained with other anti-HA monoclonal
      antibodies, supporting the assumption that mAb 2H9c was directed against the HA
      polypeptide. The indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) staining pattern of acetone
      fixed infected cells with mAb 2H9c differed substantially from that with other HA
      specific monoclonal antibodies. Kinetic studies revealed that the reactivity of
      mAb 2H9c lagged behind other HA-specific monoclonal antibodies by 18 to 36 h post
      infection in IFA assays. This suggests that mAb 2H9c may be directed against a
      binding site that arises late in infection, possibly as a result of a
      conformational alteration of the HA polypeptide.

PMID- 6366121
TI  - In memoriam: Henry R. Mahler 1921-1983.

PMID- 6366122
TI  - Immunocytochemical studies of Alzheimer neuronal perikarya with intermediate
      filament antisera.
AB  - Isolated neuronal perikarya from the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease
      were examined in indirect immunofluorescence microscopy with different types of
      specific antisera against the subunit proteins of cytoskeletal intermediate
      filaments. From 30 to 50% of the neurofibrillary tangles were stained with
      antisera against each of the neurofilament triplet proteins, but not with
      antisera against glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin, desmin or
      cytokeratin. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of Alzheimer perikaryal fractions
      showed polypeptide patterns markedly similar to control neuronal fractions. Our
      results thus suggest either that the Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles and the
      antigenic neurofilament triplet protein fractions may contain related antigenic
      determinants or that unaffected perikaryal neurofilament material is associated
      with the tangles.

PMID- 6366123
TI  - Quantitation of IgG, IgA and IgM in the cerebrospinal fluid by a solid-phase
      enzyme-immunoassay. Establishment of normal control values.
AB  - A sensitive, specific and simple solid-phase enzyme-immunoassay for quantitative
      determination of IgG, IgA and IgM in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been
      developed. Using this technique, we have established the control values for CSF
      immunoglobulins from 30 neurologically normal subjects. The value of IgG
      determined by our method was closely correlated with that found by single radial
      immunodiffusion although the latter was found 1.5 times higher. The values of IgG
      and IgA showed significant positive correlations with CSF total protein values,
      while the value of IgM did not. This finding suggested that the concentration of
      CSF IgM might be less affected by transudation from the serum than those of IgG
      and IgA in neurologically normal subjects. Our method needs no complicated
      technique nor special apparatus other than microplate photometer, and offers more
      facility and convenience for routine laboratory use.

PMID- 6366124
TI  - Histologic conversion in the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
AB  - Between July 1, 1971 and December 31, 1978, 150 patients with favorable subtypes
      of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic (NLPD),
      nodular mixed, or diffuse well differentiated lymphocytic] were entered into
      prospective randomized clinical trials at Stanford University. Treatments
      included involved field, total lymphoid, or whole body irradiation, single
      alkylating agent chemotherapy, combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide,
      vincristine and prednisone (CVP) or with cyclophosphamide, vincristine,
      procarbazine, and prednisone (C-MOPP), or various combinations of chemotherapy
      and irradiation. The initial complete response rate (CR) was 79%. Among patients
      who achieved a CR, 31% later relapsed. There were 78 patients who either failed
      to achieve a CR or achieved a CR and later relapsed. Histologic conversion
      (change from initially favorable to an unfavorable subtype of non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma) was documented in 22/78 patients (28%). However, the actuarial risk for
      conversion was actually much greater (60% at 8 yr). The median time to
      documentation of conversion was 51 mo. The most common type of histologic
      conversion was from NLPD to diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. Documented histologic
      conversion was often associated with a more aggressive clinical behavior of the
      lymphoma, and the median survival after conversion was less than 1 yr. However,
      those patients who achieved a CR after conversion had a more favorable outcome
      (actuarial survival 75% at 5 yr). No specific risk factors predictive of
      histologic conversion could be identified.

PMID- 6366125
TI  - Adjuvant CMF in breast cancer: comparative 5-year results of 12 versus 6 cycles.
AB  - We report the 5-yr results of a prospective randomized study comparing 12 versus
      6 cycles of CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil) with the aim to
      evaluate the possibility of reducing the duration of adjuvant treatment without
      compromising the therapeutic effect of the multimodal approach. At 5-yr from
      mastectomy, both relapse-free survival (CMF 12: 59%; CMF 6: 65.6%) and total
      survival (CMF 12: 72.7%; CMF 6: 76.9%) were not significantly different in the
      two treatment groups. Within the two series, no difference was detected between
      pre- and postmenopausal patients (CMF 12: 59.3% versus 57.6%; CMF 6: 66.5% versus
      63.1%), while findings were inversely related to the number of involved axillary
      nodes. The analysis of relapse-free survival confirmed that in both menopausal
      groups, relapse-free survival was not significantly affected by estrogen receptor
      status. Acute toxic manifestations were moderate and reversible. In particular,
      no drug-induced leukemia nor increased incidence of solid tumors other than
      breast cancer were documented in this series. Present results after 12 CMF cycles
      are almost identical to those of our first CMF adjuvant study. Current findings
      are sufficiently mature to indicate that the maximum tumor cytoreduction with CMF
      occurs within a relatively short period of time. To improve the results achieved
      with a single multidrug regimen, more intensive forms of treatment, i.e.,
      utilizing non-cross-resistant combinations, warrant careful evaluation.

PMID- 6366126
TI  - Combination of amikacin and carbenicillin with or without cefazolin as empirical
      treatment of febrile neutropenic patients. The International Antimicrobial
      Therapy Project Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of
      Cancer.
AB  - A total of 841 febrile neutropenic patients from 20 centers were randomized to
      receive carbenicillin (or ticarcillin) plus amikacin or these antibiotics plus
      cefazolin to compare outcome and incidence of nephrotoxicity. Infection with
      Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Staphylococcus
      aureus accounted for most of the microbiologically documented febrile episodes.
      The response to therapy was similar in the two treatment groups for all
      infections and for bacteremia. Improvement occurred in 35 (64%) of 55 bacteremic
      patients treated with two antibiotics and 39 (65%) of 60 treated with three
      antibiotics. An increase in serum creatinine to 2 mg/dL over baseline occurred in
      eight (2.1%) of 381 patients in the former and in 50 (2.4%) of 364 patients in
      the latter group. Thus, the two antibiotic regimens were equal in efficacy and in
      nephrotoxicity. Although not the primary focus of this study, a significant
      decrease in incidence of infection, including bacteremias, was found in
      neutropenic patients treated with any oral intestine decontamination regimen.

PMID- 6366127
TI  - Autologous bone-marrow transplantation: host effects of high-dose BCNU.
AB  - Thirty-five patients with solid tumors received 44 courses of bis
      chlorethylnitrosourea (BCNU) at doses ranging between 600 and 1,400 mg/m2 with
      cryopreserved or fresh autologous bone-marrow support. Eight patients treated at
      600 mg/m2 received no bone-marrow support for their first course of BCNU. Maximum
      follow-up was 25 months (median, four months). Myelosuppression was severe and
      dose related but was less prolonged in the marrow-supported groups (p = 0.01) and
      was not dose limiting. Myelosuppression-related toxicity of infection and
      hemorrhage occurred in 21 (47%) of 44 courses of treatment. Pulmonary toxicity
      occurred in seven of 35 patients; abnormal liver function occurred in 18 of 30
      patients greater than one month from treatment; and central nervous system
      symptoms that may have been drug related occurred in six of 35 patients. There
      was no renal or cardiac toxicity. Except for myelosuppression, toxicity was not
      dose related. Treatment-related deaths included four with pulmonary toxicity, two
      with liver toxicity, sepsis in four, and gastrointestinal tract toxicity in one
      patient. We conclude that the limiting side effect of high-dose BCNU (greater
      than or equal to 600 mg/m2) is visceral toxicity; the extent of myelosuppression
      is shortened by the infusion of bone marrow, whether cryopreserved or fresh; and
      marked tumor regression can be achieved with high-dose BCNU.

PMID- 6366128
TI  - Phase I study of carboplatin given on a five-day intravenous schedule.
AB  - Twenty-six adult patients were entered in a phase I trial of carboplatin, a new
      cisplatin derivative with reduced potential for nephrotoxicity. All patients had
      solid tumors and the median World Health Organization performance score was 2 (0
      3). Twelve patients had not received prior chemotherapy. The drug was
      administered as a 15-minute IV infusion, without pre- or posthydration, at daily
      doses of 40-125 mg/m2 for five consecutive days. Antiemetics were given only if
      needed. Thrombocytopenia and neutropenia were dose related and dose limiting. One
      patient died from septic shock at the highest dose level. Nonhemolytic anemia was
      also encountered. Nausea and vomiting were experienced by most patients but
      gastrointestinal intolerance was severe in only two patients. One patient had
      hypercreatininemia, which was minor and rapidly reversible. Other toxic effects
      consisted of negligible fatigue, paresthesia, pruritus, local pain, stomatitis,
      headache, and alopecia. Although none of the patients achieved a partial or
      complete response, antitumor effect was strongly suggested in two patients with
      thyroid and cervix cancer, respectively. Carboplatin is an attractive candidate
      for phase II trials. In good-risk patients, such trials could be initiated at a
      daily dose of 100 mg/m2 for five consecutive days every five to six weeks.

PMID- 6366129
TI  - Philadelphia chromosome and terminal transferase-positive acute leukemia:
      similarity of terminal phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia and de novo acute
      presentation.
AB  - Twenty-eight patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1)--positive and terminal
      transferase (TdT)--positive acute leukemia (AL) were treated with intensive
      chemotherapy used for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (L-10 and L-10M
      protocols). Fifteen patients had a documented chronic phase of Ph1-positive
      chronic myelogenous leukemia preceding the acute transformation (TdT + BLCML)
      while the remaining 13 patients did not (TdT + Ph1 + AL). An overall complete
      remission (CR) rate of 71% was obtained with a median survival of 13 months in
      the responders. Clinical presentation, laboratory data, cytogenetics, response to
      treatment, and survivals of the two groups of patients are compared. These
      results appear to be similar, suggesting a common or closely related origin.
      Since the overall survival of those receiving chemotherapy maintenance is poor,
      three patients underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from
      histocompatibility leukocyte antigen--matched siblings after they achieved CR.
      One of them is a long-term survivor (35 + months) with a Ph1-negative bone
      marrow. New techniques such as BMT should be considered in young patients with a
      histocompatibility leukocyte antigen--compatible sibling once a CR has been
      achieved.

PMID- 6366130
TI  - High-dose cytosine arabinoside in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
AB  - Thirty-two patients with refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated with high
      dose cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) given at 2 g/m2 IV over three hours every 12
      hours for 4-8 g/m2/course repeated at three to four week intervals. There were
      eight partial responses (29%) and two minor responses among 28 evaluable
      patients. The median response duration was 10 weeks (range, 6-33 weeks). The
      median survival was significantly prolonged in responders compared to
      nonresponders (28 versus 15 weeks; p = 0.03). Two additional patients treated
      with 12 g/m2/course died of sepsis and myelosuppression. The dose-limiting
      toxicity was myelosuppression, which was more pronounced in patients with prior
      extensive radiation therapy and bone marrow involvement. In vivo measurements of
      intracellular concentrations of ara-CTP, the active metabolite of ara-C, showed
      significantly higher values in bone marrows with lymphomatous involvement
      compared to normal bone marrows (210 versus 95 microM; p = 0.05), probably
      indicating a preferential formation and retention of ara-CTP in malignant cells
      compared to normal hemopoietic cells. In addition, higher ara-CTP levels were
      found in bone marrows that had higher percentages of cells in S phase.

PMID- 6366131
TI  - High-dose VP-16-213 and autologous bone marrow transplantation for refractory
      malignancies: a phase I study.
AB  - VP-16-213, a congener of epipodophyllotoxin, is a useful chemotherapeutic agent
      especially against small-cell carcinoma of the lung, germ cell carcinoma, and
      lymphoma. The standard dose of this drug is limited by myelosuppression.
      Autologous transplantation of cryopreserved bone marrow assures the restoration
      of hematopoiesis after marrow ablative cytotoxic therapy. By using this
      technique, VP-16-213 was dose-escalated using a Fibonacci scheme from the
      previous highest dose administered to humans (1,500 mg/m2) to 2,700 mg/m2 (900
      mg/m2 per day for three consecutive days). At 2,700 mg/m2, severe extramedullary
      toxicity of the mucous membranes was observed in three of three courses. At the
      next highest dose (2,400 mg/m2), two of 18 courses (11%, p less than 0.01)
      resulted in severe mucositis, thus defining this dose as the maximally tolerated
      dose based on extramedullary toxicities. As anticipated, myelotoxicity was severe
      but based on the kinetics of marrow recovery, VP-16-213 in these doses appeared
      not to be marrow ablative. Based on responses observed in this study, high-dose
      VP-16-213 should be explored in phase II studies or used in combination
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 6366132
TI  - Prospective randomized trial of one-hour sequential versus simultaneous
      methotrexate plus 5-fluorouracil in advanced and recurrent squamous cell head and
      neck cancer.
AB  - Results from experimental systems suggest that the combination of methotrexate
      (MTX) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) produces synergistic cytotoxic effects that are
      dependent on the sequence of drug administration. Biochemical studies have
      demonstrated plausible mechanisms of a synergistic effect when MTX precedes 5-FU.
      A variety of phase I and phase II studies have employed this sequential
      combination with promising but inconclusive results. In this study, 79 evaluable
      patients with squamous cell head and neck cancer were randomized to receive MTX
      (200 mg/m2 IV) and 5-FU (600 mg/m2 IV) either simultaneously or sequentially with
      MTX preceding 5-FU by one hour. All patients were ambulatory and patients were
      stratified as to whether they presented with primary disease or with recurrence
      after prior radiation and/or surgical therapy. The overall response rate was
      superior for simultaneous therapy (62%) compared with sequential therapy (38%) (p
      less than 0.06). Among patients with primary head and neck cancer, the stage of
      the disease influenced the response rate. Eight of nine stage III patients who
      received simultaneous therapy responded while none of the four patients who
      received sequential therapy responded (p less than 0.01). This study demonstrates
      that one-hour sequential MTX plus 5-FU is not superior to simultaneous treatment
      in patients with squamous cell head and neck cancer.

PMID- 6366133
TI  - A randomized trial of five and three drug chemotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy in
      women with operable node positive breast cancer.
AB  - Women with breast carcinoma and four or more involved ipsilateral axillary lymph
      nodes were randomly assigned to receive an induction course and 2 yr of
      maintenance chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil
      (CMF, 150 patients), CMF plus vincristine and prednisone (CMFVP, 166 patients),
      or chemoimmunotherapy with CMF plus the methanol extraction residue of BCG (CMF
      MER, 85 patients). After 5 yr of accrual and a median follow-up of 34 mo, CMFVP
      is superior to CMF (p less than 0.01) with disease-free survival estimates at 4
      yr of 60% for CMFVP compared to 45% for CMF. The disease-free survival advantage
      of CMFVP over CMF was greater in postmenopausal (p = 0.02) than in premenopausal
      patients (p = 0.09). CMF-MER was similar to CMF alone. CMF related side effects
      were similar in each regimen (see text), except for a greater incidence of
      leukopenia during induction with CMF than with CMFVP (p less than 0.01).

PMID- 6366134
TI  - Effective chemotherapy of acute myelocytic leukemia occurring after alkylating
      agent or radiation therapy for prior malignancy.
AB  - Eleven consecutive patients with acute myelocytic leukemia occurring as a second
      malignancy were treated with high-dose, timed, sequential chemotherapy. Eight of
      the patients were felt to have "secondary" acute leukemia because they had
      received an alkylating agent or radiation therapy. The other three patients were
      considered controls. Despite a median age of 65, four of the eight secondary
      leukemia patients achieved complete remission with this regimen. One of the three
      control patients also achieved complete remission. This remission rate and
      duration are comparable to what was achieved with this treatment of "primary"
      acute myelocytic leukemia during the same period of time. These results suggest
      that patients with leukemia occurring after an alkylating agent or radiation
      therapy are not at especially high risk if treated aggressively.

PMID- 6366136
TI  - Functional organization of the hematopoietic stem cell compartment: implications
      for cancer and its therapy.
AB  - Recent discoveries indicate that hematopoietic stem cells have limits on their
      proliferative capacity and are unable to divide indefinitely. There is great
      heterogeneity within the compartment as to the extent of this proliferative
      limitation. At any given time it appears that hematopoiesis is maintained by the
      progeny of only a few stem cells. When these are exhausted the progeny from other
      stem cells take their place. The observations of proliferative limitation,
      heterogeneity, and clonal succession must be incorporated into any model of stem
      cell organization. These new discoveries and the models incorporating them have
      important clinical implications. They may explain the inability of normal tissues
      to develop drug resistance and they also offer a mechanism by which cell renewal
      systems decrease the development of malignancies. In the selection of
      chemotherapeutic agents not only the effectiveness of the drug upon the tumor
      must be considered, but also how specific agents affect the stem cell
      compartment. These data have important implications in the use of bone marrow
      transplantation for both malignant and nonmalignant disease.

PMID- 6366135
TI  - Influence of tumor estrogen and progesterone receptor levels on the response to
      tamoxifen and chemotherapy in primary breast cancer.
AB  - In 1977 the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project initiated a
      prospectively randomized clinical trial for women with primary operable breast
      cancer and positive axillary nodes. In this study 1891 patients were randomized
      to receive L-phenylalanine mustard and 5-fluorouracil (PF) either with or without
      tamoxifen (T). In this interim report findings are presented concerning disease
      free survival (DFS) and survival as related to age and to estrogen receptor (ER)
      and/or progesterone receptor (PR) content of the tumor. The median follow-up time
      is 3 yr. Patients 50 yr of age or older with either 1-3 or more than 3 positive
      axillary nodes had a markedly longer disease-free survival on PFT than did those
      receiving PF adjuvant therapy (p less than 0.001). The effectiveness of PFT was
      related to the levels of tumor receptors. Patients 50 yr old or more with both
      tumor ER and PR levels of 10 fmole or more ("high") displayed the greatest
      benefit in disease-free survival from PFT (p = 0.004). Analyses by age indicated
      that it is more appropriate to divide patients of 50 yr or older into two age
      groups, 50-59 and 60-70 yr old. In the former the survival results were poorer on
      PFT when tumor PR was low, whereas, regardless of receptor levels, those 60-70 yr
      old experienced an advantage on PFT. In women under 50 yr of age, there was no
      difference in disease-free survival (p = 0.64), but survival results favored the
      PF over the PFT treated (p = 0.06). Patients under 50 yr with tumor ER and PR
      levels under 10 fmole ("low") had a poorer survival when given PFT (p = 0.003).
      Those whose tumors demonstrated a high ER and a low PR also had a shorter
      survival on PFT (p = 0.01). The observation of no benefit in younger patients
      when both receptor levels were high, but a benefit in older patients with
      receptor-poor tumors, indicates that, at least according to the conditions of
      this study, the difference between the two age groups cannot be explained by the
      association of age with receptor content. Multivariate analyses considered the
      effects of the number of positive nodes, age, ER, and PR. They support the
      conclusion that, while nodes and ER exert strong prognostic influences in both PF
      and PFT-treated patients, the PR content of tumors is a stronger predictor of
      the effectiveness of PFT therapy than is ER content.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 6366137
TI  - Randomized study of 3 years versus 5 years of chemotherapy in childhood acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - Between 1972 and 1975 the Children's Cancer Study Group conducted two clinical
      trials for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia. Upon achieving 3 yr of continuous complete remission, 316 children and
      young adults were randomly allocated either to discontinue chemotherapy or to
      continue chemotherapy for an additional 24 mo. With a median follow-up from the
      time of randomization of 50 mo, those patients who received 3 yr of therapy have
      demonstrated a statistically non-significant yet higher incidence of bone marrow
      relapse as compared to those patients treated for 5 yr (p = 0.09). However, the
      proportion of patients surviving 5 yr from randomization is 93% for the 3-yr
      treatment group and 89% for the 5-yr treatment group (p = 0.27). No significant
      difference was observed between the randomized groups for the occurrence of
      testicular relapse (p = 0.12), central nervous system relapse (p = 0.17), or
      first occurrence of relapse or death (p = 0.24). The relapse-free survival of
      patients treated for 5 yr as compared to those treated for 3 yr was not
      significantly higher in males (81% versus 75%, p = 0.14) or females (89% versus
      89%, p = 0.95). This randomized study did not demonstrate a significant
      difference between treatment for either 3 or 5 yr.

PMID- 6366138
TI  - Reduction in central nervous system leukemia with a pharmacokinetically derived
      intrathecal methotrexate dosage regimen.
AB  - During the period 1976-1981, 3241 children were enrolled on three major studies
      of acute lymphoblastic leukemia by participating institutions of the Children's
      Cancer Study Group. Each study included a different method of central nervous
      system (CNS) prophylaxis: (1) standard therapy with cranial irradiation, 2400
      rads, and intrathecal methotrexate at 12 mg/m2 six times during consolidation
      (CCG-141); (2) a modification of CCG-141 in which the intrathecal methotrexate
      was initiated during induction (CCG-141A); and (3) a reduced cranial irradiation
      dose of 1800 rads with intrathecal methotrexate given at the same frequency as a
      CCG-141A, with or without maintenance intrathecal methotrexate, but with a dosage
      regimen derived from CNS volume considerations rather than based on body surface
      area (CCG-160 series). Strategy 3, a change in the intrathecal methotrexate
      dosage, has resulted in the lowest incidence of CNS leukemia to date (p less than
      0.007). The cumulative 3-yr CNS relapse rate has decreased from 8%-10% to 2%-5%
      in average-risk patients (p less than 0.02; life table estimate) and from 23%-27%
      to 6% in high-risk patients (p less than 0.0002; life table estimate), despite a
      reduction in the cranial irradiation dose from 2400 to 1800 rads. Maintenance
      intrathecal chemotherapy has had a marginal effect among patients randomized to
      receive this additional therapy (p = 0.06). The overall outcome has been an
      increase in the continuous complete remission rate (p = 0.04) but not in the
      estimated 3-yr continuous hematologic remission or survival rates.

PMID- 6366139
TI  - Intensive melphalan chemotherapy and cryopreserved autologous bone marrow
      transplantation for the treatment of refractory cancer.
AB  - Thirty-three adult and pediatric patients with refractory malignancies were
      treated with escalating doses of melphalan (120-225 mg/m2 IV over 3 days)
      followed by reinfusion of previously harvested and cryopreserved autologous
      marrow. The hematological and nonhematological toxicities and the therapeutic
      effects of this regimen were evaluated. Increasing doses of melphalan did not
      alter the rate of decline nor the recovery of peripheral blood counts.
      Granulocyte (greater than 500/microL) and platelet count (greater than
      20,000/microL) recovery occurred in a median of 19 (range 12-54) and 24 (range:
      12-54) days after bone marrow transplantation, respectively. Five patients
      experienced severe infection, three of which were fatal, and one patient died due
      to thrombocytopenic hemorrhage. Toxicity to the gastrointestinal system was dose
      limiting. The maximum tolerated dose of melphalan was 180 mg/m2; only three of 24
      patients experienced severe stomatitis, esophagitis, and diarrhea at this level
      or less, while eight of nine patients at 225 mg/m2 were affected (p less than
      0.005). Administration of cyclophosphamide (300 mg/m2 IV) 1 week before melphalan
      therapy did not reduce the incidence of severe gastrointestinal toxicity. Plasma
      melphalan concentration peaked 30-60 min after infusion (4.8-11.5 micrograms/mL)
      but declined rapidly. Cerebrospinal fluid concentration was 10% of the
      corresponding plasma concentration and was undetectable at 3 hours. Antitumor
      responses occurred in nine of 13 patients with malignant melanoma (five complete
      and four partial remissions), and ranged 2-12+ months with a median of 5 months.
      Four of six neuroblastomas demonstrated responses (three complete and one partial
      remission( lasting a median of 7.5 (range: 5-10) months. Other tumors in which
      this regimen had activity included breast cancer and Ewing's sarcoma. The overall
      response rate for the 33 patients was 30% complete remissions (10 patients) and
      21% partial remissions (seven patients). High dose melphalan and autologous bone
      marrow transplantation is a promising therapy for patients with malignancies for
      which no effective treatment is known or for patients whose cancer is refractory
      to conventional therapeutic agents.

PMID- 6366140
TI  - Review of the use of marrow transplantation in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma.
AB  - High-dose chemoradiotherapy followed by marrow transplantation has become a
      widely used form of therapy for patients with acute leukemia. Because of the
      success of marrow transplantation in the treatment of this disease, there has
      been increased interest in the possible application of marrow transplantation to
      the treatment of other malignancies known to be sensitive to chemotherapy and
      radiotherapy. In this paper we review the rationale behind the application of
      marrow transplantation to the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and the results
      that have been achieved to date.

PMID- 6366141
TI  - Alternating combination chemotherapy and levamisole improves survival in multiple
      myeloma: a Southwest Oncology Group Study.
AB  - Previously untreated patients with multiple myeloma were entered on a randomized
      clinical trial to determine whether the use of alternating combination
      chemotherapy, including vincristine, doxorubicin, alkylating agents, and
      prednisone (160 patients) was more effective than conventional chemotherapy with
      melphalan and prednisone (77 patients), and whether the addition of the
      immunomodulating agent levamisole to maintenance chemotherapy enhanced the
      survival of patients achieving remission. The treatment groups were well matched
      for all major factors. The more aggressive chemotherapy was more effective at
      inducing remission, with a significantly higher proportion of patients achieving
      at least 75% tumor mass regression (53% with alternating combinations versus 32%
      with melphalan-prednisone, p = 0.002). Furthermore, the median survival was
      increased to 43 months with alternating combination chemotherapy as compared to
      23 months with melphalan-prednisone (p = 0.004). After six to 12 months of
      induction therapy, 84 patients achieving remission were rerandomized to receive
      maintenance chemotherapy alone or with the addition of levamisole. The survival
      from the start of maintenance therapy was longer in patients receiving the added
      levamisole than with chemotherapy alone (p = 0.01). These findings support the
      use of aggressive multiagent chemotherapy for remission induction in patients
      with advanced-stage multiple myeloma.

PMID- 6366142
TI  - Human tumor cell heterogeneity and metastasis.
AB  - Heterogeneity within malignant neoplasms, although described for many years by
      pathologists, has only recently been extensively studied in the laboratory. It is
      now accepted that most tumors are composed of subpopulations of cells that differ
      in many phenotypic characteristics including the ability to form a metastasis.
      Cells with the capacity to metastasize are the ones most likely to prove lethal
      to the patient since clinicians can often control the primary neoplasm with
      surgery or radiotherapy. In this report the process of metastasis is discussed,
      those aspects of tumor cell heterogeneity that are relevant to this process are
      reviewed, intrapatient tumor heterogeneity is explored, and future preclinical
      studies are evaluated that may be useful in designing treatment strategies for
      patients with disseminated malignancies.

PMID- 6366143
TI  - Karnofsky Memorial Lecture. Marrow transplantation for malignant diseases.
AB  - Marrow grafting, once undertaken only after failure of all other forms of
      therapy, is now the preferred therapy for some malignant diseases.
      Chemoradiotherapy and marrow grafting for patients with acute leukemia who have
      failed chemotherapy results in cure rates of 10%-30%. For patients under the age
      of 50 with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia transplanted in first remission, the
      cure rate is approximately 50% with better results in younger patients. Marrow
      grafting is now being explored in a variety of types of malignant diseases having
      in common a steep dose-response curve to therapy, therapy limited by marrow
      toxicity, and the availability of a suitable marrow donor. Current research in
      the field of marrow transplantation is reviewed and provides a basis for a
      reasonable expectation that results of marrow transplantation will continue to
      improve. The use of partially matched family members or phenotypically
      histocompatibility leukocyte antigen-identical unrelated donors will make marrow
      grafting available to a larger fraction of patients. Marrow grafting, developed
      for the treatment of malignant disease, has found an important application to
      nonmalignant diseases, including immunodeficiency syndromes, aplastic anemia, and
      thalassemia and other genetic disorders of hematopoiesis.

PMID- 6366144
TI  - Involvement of the genitourinary system in multiple primary malignant neoplasms:
      a review.
AB  - A case is presented of a patient with separate primaries of the cervix, breast,
      bladder, and kidney. In a review of 352,073 cancer patients in the literature,
      the genitourinary system appears to be at a greater risk of this phenomenon. The
      entity of multiple primary malignant neoplasms is reviewed with an analysis of
      the involvement of the genitourinary system.

PMID- 6366145
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy.
AB  - The need for improved specificity in cancer therapy is apparent. With the advent
      of monoclonal antibodies, the possibility of specifically targeted therapy is
      being considered. Early trials of monoclonal antibody in experimental animals and
      humans have indicated its ability to traffic to specific tumor sites and to
      localize on or around the tumor cells displaying antigens to which the antibody
      is directed. This evidence of specific targeting, along with preliminary evidence
      of therapeutic efficacy for monoclonal antibodies and immunoconjugates with
      drugs, toxins, and isotopes is encouraging. The current status of clinical trials
      with monoclonal antibodies is reviewed and an example of the experimental
      approach for the development of immunoconjugates in animal models is presented.

PMID- 6366146
TI  - Serum beta 2-microglobulin in the initial staging and subsequent monitoring of
      monoclonal plasma cell disorders.
AB  - Serum beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-M) measurements were carried out in 97
      patients with monoclonal plasma cell disorders. Twenty-six (87%) of 30 patients
      with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) had increased beta
      2-M levels and serial follow-up in seven patients showed a progressive increase
      with time. Of the 63 patients with active myeloma, pretreatment serum beta 2-M
      values were available in 25 for correlation with pretreatment stage. Stage III
      beta 2-M levels were significantly higher than stages I and II (p less than
      0.001). Four patients with smoldering myeloma had beta 2-M values similar to
      stage I disease. There was, therefore, excellent correlation between beta 2-M and
      myeloma tumor burden. Levels of beta 2-M decreased with response to chemotherapy
      induction and low levels in stable remission (plateau phase) were associated with
      unusually good prognosis. Median survival for stage III patients in stable
      remission with low serum beta 2-M was greater than 48 months. Conversely, at
      relapse very high beta 2-M levels were associated with a very fulminant and
      refractory course. Serum beta 2-M, therefore, appears to be an extremely useful
      marker in initial stratification and follow-up of myeloma patients.

PMID- 6366147
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation and salvage chemotherapy.

PMID- 6366148
TI  - The treatment of localized non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in children: a report from the
      Children's Cancer Study Group.
AB  - Investigators of the Children's Cancer Study Group entered 73 children with
      previously untreated localized non-Hodgkin's lymphoma on a prospective randomized
      trial of systemic treatment with either a four-drug program (cyclophosphamide,
      vincristine, methotrexate, prednisone [COMP]) or a 10-drug (LSA2-L2 modified)
      program of 18 months duration. All patients received central nervous system
      prophylaxis with intrathecal methotrexate and most received local or regional
      radiation treatment. The three-year relapse-free survival rate for all patients
      (N = 73) was 84%; for COMP (N = 42) was 85%, and for LSA2-L2 (N = 31) was 84%. Of
      the 12 patients who suffered adverse events eight relapsed and four died of
      toxicity. Histopathology was reviewed centrally. Of 32 patients with
      nonlymphoblastic disease treated with COMP only one relapsed. Of 26 patients
      treated with LSA2-L2, four relapsed. Patients with localized lymphoblastic
      disease were uncommon. None of three patients treated with LSA2-L2 relapsed
      compared with three of nine treated with COMP. COMP is an excellent treatment for
      patients with localized disease of nonlymphoblastic type, but the relative value
      of the two regimens for patients with localized lymphoblastic disease is
      uncertain.

PMID- 6366149
TI  - Sequential combination of systemic high-dose ara-C and asparaginase for the
      treatment of central nervous system leukemia and lymphoma.
AB  - Eight patients with overt central nervous system (CNS) leukemia and lymphoma were
      treated with sequential administration of systemic high-dose cytosine arabinoside
      (HiDAC) and asparaginase (ASP) with no direct CNS therapy. Complete clearing of
      the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was achieved in six (86%) of seven patients with
      meningeal disease, generally after the first course of therapy. Two patients
      presented with evidence of extensive intracerebral disease; both responded with a
      greater than 50% regression of the tumor infiltrates. Concomitant extraneurologic
      localizations responded equally well to HiDAC/ASP: responses were seen in four of
      five patients, including complete remission in three of four patients who
      presented with marrow involvement. Toxicity was generally moderate and limited to
      myelosuppression (eight of eight patients), tolerable nausea and vomiting (eight
      of eight patients), mild hepatotoxicity (two of eight patients), and oral
      mucositis (one of eight patients). These results indicate that HiDAC/ASP is a
      tolerable and highly effective treatment modality for CNS leukemia and lymphoma
      and suggest its potential role for sanctuary chemoprophylaxis.

PMID- 6366151
TI  - Prognostic significance of erythrocyte sedimentation rate in clinical stages I-II
      of Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - A prospective study was undertaken in 1963 on the respective prognostic
      significances of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and presence or absence of
      systemic symptoms in Hodgkin's disease. Six hundred seventy-six patients with
      clinical stages I or II were included in this study; 376 from 1963 to 1971 who
      were included in the H1 trial of the European Organization for Research and
      Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and 300 who had been enrolled in the EORTC H2 trial
      from 1972 to 1976. All relevant data and long-term follow-up are available from
      649 patients who were analyzed in this study. Multivariate analysis (Cox model)
      was carried out to assess the prognostic value of ESR independently of the other
      prognostic parameters and of the treatment. The results showed that of all the
      prognostic indicators studied, ESR is the one which has the highest correlation
      with relapse-free survival; however, initial ESR is not correlated with the
      probability of death after relapse. The presence or absence of systemic symptoms
      has less prognostic impact. Despite a close correlation between systemic symptoms
      and ESR, the two are not redundant and it is useful to combine both.

PMID- 6366150
TI  - A controlled pilot study of high-dose methotrexate as postsurgical adjuvant
      treatment for primary osteosarcoma.
AB  - Thirty-eight patients whose primary extremity or limb girdle osteosarcomas had
      been completely excised (37 amputations, one limb sparing procedure) were
      allocated at random to two treatment groups receiving respectively regular follow
      up examinations plus a high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) regimen or regular follow
      up without primary adjuvant chemotherapy. Although the vincristine, HDMTX,
      leucovorin regimen was generally quite tolerable when given at three-week
      intervals for one year and most of the chemotherapy patients followed the planned
      HDMTX dose escalations from 3 to 6 to 7.5 g/m2, delayed methotrexate excretion
      limited dosage escalations in 25%. An estimated 52% of the 38 patients were
      surviving five years after randomization and an estimated 42% remained
      continuously relapse-free after five years. No significant differences between
      the outcomes of the 20 treated and the 18 untreated patients were apparent;
      however, power to detect differences was low. Furthermore, no significant
      differences in postmetastasis survival were apparent between the 12 treated and
      10 untreated patients who relapsed. Approximately 20% of these failing patients
      appear to have been salvaged for long-term survival. This pilot study of HDMTX
      confirms the continuing need for controlled clinical trials in determining the
      therapeutic value of adjuvant chemotherapy programs for patients with primary
      osteosarcoma.

PMID- 6366152
TI  - Teleost luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone: action on bullfrog sympathetic
      ganglia is consistent with role as neurotransmitter.
AB  - Bullfrog sympathetic ganglion neurons have a "late, slow" excitatory postsynaptic
      potential (EPSP) that is mediated by a peptide similar to mammalian luteinizing
      hormone-releasing hormone (M-LHRH) (Jan, Y. N., L. Y. Jan, and S. W. Kuffler
      (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 76: 1501-1505). On biochemical evidence
      (Eiden, L. E., E. Loumaye, N. Sherwood, and R. L. Eskay (1982) Peptides 3:323
      327) the endogenous LHRH-like peptide in the ganglion may be identical to teleost
      LHRH (T-LHRH; [Trp7,Leu8]M-LHRH) (Sherwood, N., L. Eiden, M. Brownstein, J.
      Speiss, J. Rivier, and W. Vale (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 80: 2794
      2798). We have found that T-LHRH acts qualitatively like M-LHRH on bullfrog
      ganglion cells, but it is quantitatively more potent. As for M-LHRH, the primary
      action of T-LHRH under single-electrode voltage clamp is to inhibit the M
      current, a voltage-dependent potassium current that is active in the region
      between rest and threshold in these cells. The M-current is also inhibited during
      the late, slow EPSP. Both T-LHRH and the late, slow EPSP can also induce an
      additional inward current, associated with an increased conductance, in some
      cells. An LHRH antagonist is effective against both T-LHRH and the late, slow
      EPSP. These results are consistent with a role for T-LHRH as the natural
      transmitter for the late, slow EPSP in bullfrog sympathetic ganglia.

PMID- 6366153
TI  - Brain extract induces synaptic characteristics in the basal lamina of cultured
      myotubes.
AB  - The basal lamina (BL) that occupies the synaptic cleft of the skeletal
      neuromuscular junction is antigenically distinct from extrasynaptic muscle fiber
      BL, rich in acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and bears projections that form
      junctional folds in the postsynaptic membrane. We report here that these synapse
      specific features of BL are all present at low levels in embryonic rat myotubes
      cultured without nerve, and that their levels are markedly increased by addition
      of a soluble extract from adult rat brain. Light and electron microscopic methods
      show that: (1) antibodies which bind preferentially to synaptic BL in vivo stain
      small, discrete patches of the myotube's BL; (2) AChE accumulates in patches on
      the myotube surface; and (3) myotube BL and membrane form invaginations that
      resemble junctional folds. Patches of BL that bear synaptic antigens, AChE, or
      folds usually overlie clusters of acetylcholine receptors in the plasma membrane.
      Myotubes treated with a brain extract bear 5 to 20 times more junctional folds
      and patches rich in acetylcholine receptors, synaptic BL antigens, and AChE than
      control myotubes. Together with a previous demonstration that electrical and/or
      contractile activity can modulate the amount and composition of myotube BL
      (Sanes, J.R., and J.C. Lawrence, Jr. (1983) Dev. Biol. 97: 123-136), these
      results suggest that nerves could regulate differentiation of muscle fiber BL by
      a combination of activity-dependent and -independent mechanisms.

PMID- 6366154
TI  - gamma-Aminobutyric acid directly depolarizes cultured oligodendrocytes.
AB  - gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) depolarizes in a dose-dependent manner
      approximately one-third of all immunologically identified oligodendrocytes in
      cultures of mouse spinal cord. Measurements of [K+]o indicate that the response
      to GABA is not due to K+ released from active neurons. The depolarization is not
      accompanied by a change in cell input resistance. Replacement of sodium in the
      bathing solution abolishes the entire response, whereas ouabain only inhibits the
      repolarization phase. Current clamp experiments with two separate intracellular
      electrodes show that the depolarization increases at more positive potentials
      while the repolarization increases at more negative potentials. Bicuculline and
      picrotoxin but not nipecotic acid reduce the GABA effect. Pentobarbital and
      chlordiazepoxid also reduce the GABA-induced depolarization. Muscimol produces a
      depolarization similar to that of GABA. Heterogeneity in the oligodendrocyte
      population is indicated by the observation that some cells respond to both GABA
      and glutamate, while others respond only to one and some are not responsive to
      either.

PMID- 6366155
TI  - Fibrous and protoplasmic astrocytes are biochemically and developmentally
      distinct.
AB  - We have studied semithin frozen sections of developing and adult rat central
      nervous system (CNS) by indirect immunofluorescence in order to determine the
      antigenic phenotype of protoplasmic and fibrous astrocytes. Using antibodies
      against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) to identify astrocytes, we show
      that the great majority of fibrous astrocytes in adult optic nerve are labeled by
      the monoclonal antibody A2B5, while the great majority of protoplasmic astrocytes
      in adult cerebral cortex are not. Astrocytes located at the periphery of the
      adult optic nerve that form the glial limiting membrane are more like
      protoplasmic astrocytes than fibrous astrocytes in that they strain relatively
      weakly with anti-GFAP antiserum and are A2B5-. In the developing rat optic nerve,
      protoplasmic-like astrocytes appear at least one week before the first fibrous
      astrocytes can be detected. Taken together with our previous observations on
      astrocytes in suspensions and cultures of developing rat optic nerve (Raff, M.C.,
      E.R. Abney, J. Cohen, R. Lindsay, and M. Noble (1983) J. Neurosci. 3: 1289-1300;
      Raff, M.C., R.H. Miller, and M. Noble (1983) Nature 303: 390-396), these results
      suggest that protoplasmic and fibrous astrocytes are distinct classes of glial
      cells that differ in their antigenic phenotype and developmental history, as well
      as in their morphology and location within the CNS.

PMID- 6366156
TI  - Questionnaire survey of metal plate construction.

PMID- 6366157
TI  - "Bone Wax" implantation into dental sockets. Clinical and histological evaluation
      in patients.

PMID- 6366158
TI  - Morphological alterations of the degenerated lumbar disc following
      chemonucleolysis with chymopapain.
AB  - Lumbar disc tissue from 10 patients who had previously undergone chemonucleolysis
      without success was studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. Seven
      patients had a sequestrated disc; three had large protrusions. As a control,
      material from 10 patients subjected to disc surgery without previous
      chemonucleolysis was studied in the same way. The control discs revealed the
      characteristic signs of degeneration: alteration of the collagen, microcystic
      areas, and giant chondromas. Changes following chemonucleolysis were restricted
      exclusively to the ground substance and characterized by a marked loss of
      basophilia in the cartilage matrix. There was no involvement of the anulus
      fibrosus, cartilage plate, or bone. Following chymopapain administration,
      scanning electron microscopy showed a naked collagen network devoid of ground
      substance.

PMID- 6366159
TI  - Chronic pain management: a research focus.

PMID- 6366160
TI  - Immunoscintigraphy of colon carcinoma.
AB  - Two I-131 labeled monoclonal antibodies that react specifically with human
      gastrointestinal cancers in cell cultures were administered to 90 cancer patients
      for the scintigraphic detection of cancer sites. Antibody 17-1A, or its F(ab')2
      fragments, accumulated significantly in 27 of 46 (59%) colorectal cancer sites,
      but not in 21 nonepitheliomatous colon cancers and cancers at other sites.
      Antibody 19-9, or its F(ab')2 fragments, showed significant accumulation in 19
      out of 29 (66%) colorectal cancer sites. In 17 patients, immunoscintigraphy with
      antibody 19-9 correlated with an immunoperoxidase study with the same antibody on
      resected tissue specimens. In 12 patients injected with two antibodies (17-1A +
      19-9, or anti-CEA + 19-9), ten of 13 colorectal cancer sites were positive.

PMID- 6366161
TI  - Enzymatic synthesis of C-11 formaldehyde: concise communication.
AB  - We present an enzymatic synthesis of C-11 formaldehyde from C-11 methanol, with
      immobilized alcohol oxidase and catalase: a rapid, simple procedure, with a high
      and reproducible yield. Carbon-11 methanol is oxidized to C-11 formaldehyde by
      passage over a column on which the enzymes alcohol oxidase and catalase are
      immobilized. The catalase increases reaction velocity by recycling the oxygen,
      and prevents destruction of the alcohol oxidase by eliminating the excess of
      hydrogen peroxide. The yield of the enzyme-catalyzed oxidation was 80-95%. A
      specific activity of 400-450 mCi/mumole was obtained at EOB + 20 min. Various
      immobilization techniques and the optimal reaction conditions of the immobilized
      enzymes are investigated.

PMID- 6366162
TI  - Karl Ernest Mason (1900-1978): a biographical sketch.

PMID- 6366163
TI  - A comparison of amino acid-induced hypercalciuria in sham-operated and
      parathyroidectomized rats.
AB  - In previous studies we have demonstrated that the reduced renal reabsorption of
      calcium and hypercalciuria resulting from protein consumption are associated with
      serum insulin levels. Arginine stimulation of insulin secretion also results in
      hypercalciuria. The present study was designed to test whether the calciuria
      associated with arginine-stimulated insulin secretion is mediated by insulin
      inhibition of parathyroid hormone (PTH) activity. Parathyroidectomized (PTX) and
      sham-operated rats were infused with physiological saline, or with 12 mmol X kg-1
      X hour-1 arginine in saline at 1.2 ml/hour. Analysis of data from clearance
      periods 90-150 minutes after infusions commenced show that arginine infusion
      increased urine volume, and calcium excretion (nanograms/minute and
      nanograms/milliliter glomerular filtration rate), to the same extent in PTX and
      sham-operated animals. PTH does not, therefore, appear to be involved in the
      calciuretic response to amino acid infusion.

PMID- 6366164
TI  - After the root canal. Principles of restoring endodontically treated teeth.

PMID- 6366165
TI  - Stress, meditation and saliva: a study of separate salivary gland secretions in
      endodontic patients.

PMID- 6366166
TI  - Therapeutic evaluation of levamisole in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Double
      blind comparison of two dosage schedules of levamisole and placebo.

PMID- 6366167
TI  - Presentation and behavior of primary malignant lymphoma of the oral cavity in
      adult Africans.

PMID- 6366168
TI  - Late treatment of malunited malar fractures.
AB  - Malunited malar fractures are considered from the points of view of
      pathophysiology and anatomy. Clinical and radiographic approaches to assessment
      are described. Surgical techniques are presented in detail. Four representative
      cases are reported.

PMID- 6366169
TI  - A comparison of particulate allogeneic and particulate autogenous bone grafts
      into maxillary alveolar clefts in dogs.
AB  - Bilateral complete mature alveolar clefts with oronasal fistulae were surgically
      created in dogs to directly compare the rate and quantity of bone formation
      between autogenous particulate bone and cancellous marrow, undecalcified freeze
      dried allogeneic bone, and controls of repaired clefts without bone graft
      material. This study demonstrated autogenous particulate bone and marrow to be
      the superior graft material, although the allogeneic bone demonstrated bone
      formation through inductive mechanisms. The bone formation through induction was
      delayed compared with the autogenous graft system, and was quantitatively
      insufficient to support eruptive or orthopedic forces.

PMID- 6366170
TI  - Autogenous regional bone grafting as an adjunct in orthognathic surgery.
AB  - Three cases have been presented that demonstrate some ways in which adjacent
      autogenous bone can be used for grafting in orthognathic surgery. The limitations
      on the use of such bone are, of course, the amount and type of bone available and
      the imagination of the surgeon. Cases that require larger quantities or specific
      types of bone, i.e., cancellous or cortical bone, may dictate use of more distant
      sites such as the iliac crest or rib. Finally, use of contiguous bone requires
      careful preoperative surgical osteotomy design and prediction. Known benefits of
      using adjacent bone are avoidance of a distant surgical site and the attendant
      morbidity. However, the potential advantages of a bone graft that is
      embryologically, histologically, or functionally similar to the recipient site
      are not yet known. The significance of grafting from one growth field (depository
      or resorptive) to a similar field also awaits study.

PMID- 6366171
TI  - Trephine technique to obtain cancellous bone.

PMID- 6366172
TI  - Repair of the adult temporomandibular joint meniscus with an autogenous dermal
      graft.
AB  - A surgical procedure for the successful repair of the temporomandibular joint
      meniscus is described. Twenty-three patients have been treated by this procedure,
      with both objective and subjective improvement. The procedure is accomplished
      with minimal technical difficulty and minimal cosmetic defect.

PMID- 6366173
TI  - A new technique for obtaining iliac bone grafts.
AB  - A new method for obtaining corticocancellous bone grafts for use in orthognathic
      and facial reconstructive surgery is presented. By raising an osteoperiosteal
      flap from the crest of the ilium and removing a medial corticocancellous bone
      block, graft site morbidity is minimized, the patient's return to ambulatory
      status is hastened, and an excellent graft is procured.

PMID- 6366174
TI  - Occlusal forces in prosthetically restored dentitions: a methodological study.
AB  - The present paper describes a method developed to study occlusal forces in
      prosthetically restored dentitions. Using this method the magnitude, duration and
      frequency of the forces can be measured in various parts of the dentition
      simultaneously. The measurements are based on the use of strain gauge transducers
      of such dimensions that they can be mounted into artificial crowns, bridge
      pontics or removable dentures, without interfering with the occlusion. The output
      signal of each transducer is linear for forces up to 300 N which corresponds to
      an amplitude (elastic deformation) of 20 microns. At least four transducers are
      used distributed over the tooth-arch to create bilateral and simultaneous
      contacts. They are mounted in a supraoccluding position of 20 microns in relation
      to non-transducer areas. This means that on jaw closure each transducer registers
      all the force transmitted to that part of the prosthetic construction represented
      by the transducer, provided there is no force leakage to non-transducer areas.
      The sum of these local forces constitutes the total force acting on the entire
      dentition at any given moment.

PMID- 6366175
TI  - Temporomandibular joint disfunction syndrome and myofascial pain dysfunction
      syndrome: a critical review.
AB  - Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction syndrome and myofascial pain
      dysfunction (MPD) syndrome have been primarily viewed as dental problems and have
      only recently received close attention by psychologists. The literature reviewed
      in the present paper reveals that a substantial portion of the population is
      affected by these disorders. There is, however, a great deal of confusion that
      exists in relation to the aetiology and treatment of these syndromes. In an
      attempt to clarify the current understanding of these disorders, the present
      review first presents a discussion of the symptoms which comprise each of these
      syndromes and the proposed physiological mechanisms associated with each symptom.
      Next, the aetiological theories for each of these syndromes are reviewed and
      critically evaluated. Treatments which have been derived from the theoretical
      models are then discussed. Finally, methodological considerations involving
      classification, assessment and treatment issues are presented and future research
      needs are outlined.

PMID- 6366176
TI  - Ligandin in the human ovary.
AB  - Human ovaries from different times during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and the
      post-menopausal state were examined by immunohistochemistry using an antibody to
      ligandin. The results showed that antiligandin was localized to those cells
      producing steroids and probably acts as an intracellular transport protein but
      may also have an enzyme function in steroidogenesis. In demonstrating this
      relationship this study has indicated that antiligandin may be of value in the
      morphologic investigation of ovaries in conditions where there are assumed
      alterations in steroid production.

PMID- 6366177
TI  - Immunohistochemical demonstration of cathepsin B in the macrophages of benign and
      malignant lymphoid tissues.
AB  - Cathepsin B has been demonstrated by immunohistochemical means in the macrophages
      of palatine tonsils, reactive lymph nodes and in specimens of Hodgkin's disease
      (HD) and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). Two cases of genuine histiocytic lymphoma
      showed strong staining for the enzyme in most cells. In Hodgkin's disease, many
      Reed-Sternberg cells and Hodgkin cells were positive. Branching and 'tingible
      body' macrophages (histiocytic reticulum cells, HRCs) were strongly positive in
      all of the specimens. In reactive lymph nodes, the sinus-lining cells and
      intrasinusoidal macrophages were positive for cathepsin B. True dendritic
      reticulum cells (DRCs) appeared to be negative. Unlike muramidase (lysozyme),
      cathepsin B is not seen in neutrophil polymorph leucocytes.

PMID- 6366178
TI  - Veterinary oncology: a survey.

PMID- 6366179
TI  - beta 2-microglobulin in non-malignant and malignant human breast: a feature of
      differentiation.
AB  - An indirect immunofluorescent method has been used to study the distribution of
      the membrane protein beta 2-microglobulin in normal, benign and malignant human
      breast tissue. A uniform staining of epithelial cell membranes has been found in
      all normal and benign tissues, with only a minor variation in the intensity of
      reaction between samples. In contrast the carcinomas have shown a variety of
      reactions, with some behaving in a manner similar to the normal and benign breast
      tissue, others being heterogeneous with regard to intensity of staining and the
      remainder having a weak or a negative reaction. The immunohistochemical behaviour
      of the carcinomas has paralleled the degree of histological differentiation, with
      poorly differentiated carcinomas showing little reactivity. A comparable
      relationship with lymph node status has not been found. Although those carcinomas
      with a staining pattern akin to non-malignant tissue have a lower incidence of
      lymph node metastasis it has been the heterogeneous reacting group rather than
      the weak staining and negative tumours which has shown a higher rate of axillary
      lymph node metastasis. The prognostic significance of this finding is at present
      uncertain and can probably only be assessed from information about patient
      survival.

PMID- 6366180
TI  - Surgically correctable fetal hydrops.
AB  - Hydrops fetalis is classically the result of immune mediated intrauterine
      hemolysis. Increasingly, however, nonimmunologic abnormalities have been
      associated with fetal anasarca. A number of these are potentially surgically
      correctable. Four such infants have been treated at the Arkansas Children's
      Hospital since 1981. Fetal hydrops was detected prenatally in three, as well as
      lesions which might be corrected. All three were delivered by cesarean section
      with vigorous resuscitation required. Following stabilization, each underwent
      operation with excision of an intrathoracic mass (teratoma and leiomyosarcoma) in
      two and closure of omphalocele in the remaining neonate. A fourth infant was
      transferred following spontaneous premature vaginal delivery with hydrops and
      respiratory distress. This was associated with adenomatoid malformation which was
      subsequently excised. Anasarca and respiratory distress resolved postoperatively
      in all. With evidence of nonimmune hydrops, a thorough evaluation for surgically
      correctable lesions is indicated. A planned aggressive approach to delivery,
      resuscitation and stabilization followed by prompt surgical intervention can
      improve the morbidity associated with nonimmune hydrops fetalis having surgically
      correctable malformations.

PMID- 6366181
TI  - Influence of the recipient's size upon renal function following kidney
      transplantation. An experimental and clinical investigation.
AB  - The influence of the size of the recipient upon posttransplantation renal
      function was investigated in an experimental study of inbred rats as well as in a
      retrospective analysis of juvenile recipients of adult donor kidneys. The
      experimental study revealed either augmentation of the compensatory response, in
      case of a juvenile donor kidney transplanted into an adult recipient, or
      attenuation of this response, in case of an adult donor kidney transplanted into
      a juvenile recipient. Various workers have reported an augmentation of renal
      function in humans in case of adult recipients of juvenile donor kidneys. In
      contrast, attenuation of renal function in case of adult donor kidneys
      transplanted into juvenile recipients, has not been reported. This attenuation
      was substantiated in our retrospective clinical study. We found that 3 weeks
      after transplantation, the absolute creatinine clearance (mL/min) was lower in a
      group of recipients under 12 years old than in a group of recipients older than
      12 years. The experimental as well as the clinical investigation indicated that
      the size of the recipient plays an important part in the functional outcome after
      renal transplantation. It appeared that the transplanted kidney behaves like a
      single organ pertaining to the recipient.

PMID- 6366182
TI  - The role of multimodal therapy in patients with local and regional neuroblastoma.
AB  - The records of 49 patients with local and regional neuroblastoma treated at The
      Children's Hospital of Philadelphia between 1972-1981 were reviewed to determine
      the contribution of radiation therapy and chemotherapy to their management. All
      11 state I patients were treated with surgery alone and 10 (91%) survived for
      periods ranging from 3 to 10 years. Half of the 24 stage II patients received
      radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy and 8/12 (67%) survive. Ten of the
      12 remaining stage II patients survive (83%) following surgery alone. All stage
      II patients had residual disease and 13 had involvement in lymph nodes. 7 in the
      combined treatment group and 6 in the surgery alone group. All 14 stage III
      patients received postoperative chemotherapy and radiation therapy (RT) and 7 or
      50% remain disease free. We conclude that surgery alone is sufficient for
      patients with stage I NBL, that RT and chemotherapy do not appear to alter the
      outcome in stage II patients, and better methods of therapy are needed for
      patients with stage III disease.

PMID- 6366183
TI  - Analgesic effect of novel organogermanium compound, GE-132.
AB  - A novel organogermanium compound, Ge-132, carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide,
      showed enhancement of 0.5 mg/kg morphine analgesia in both administration routes
      of oral administration (p.o.) and intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) in the Tail
      Flick test, and the effect was completely abolished by 0.5 mg/kg Naloxone,
      stereospecific opiate antagonist. Ge-132 alone, 250 mg/kg i.p., did not show any
      antinociceptive action by assessing the Tail-Flick test and the Hot-Plate test.
      By the intracerebral injection of Ge-132, 100-1000 micrograms, prolongation of
      Tail-Flick latency was observed and the action was abolished by 50 micrograms
      CaCl2 injection. Although bestatin which is reported to enhance the morphine
      analgesia inhibits enkephalinase and enkephalin aminopeptidase, Ge-132 did not
      show any inhibition on both enkephalin degrading enzymes. The possibility for the
      mode of action of Ge-132 was discussed.

PMID- 6366184
TI  - Effects of vitamin E depletion and repletion on renin release from renin
      granules.
AB  - The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of vitamin E
      deficiency and supplementation of alpha-tocopheryl acetate (TOCA) on renin
      release from renin granules. Male Wistar rats were fed either a control or a
      vitamin E-deficient diet for 4 weeks. Subsequently, the vitamin E-deficient rats
      received dietary supplementation of TOCA (40 mg/100 g diet) for 5 d. The renin
      granule fraction was prepared from the kidney cortex homogenate by a
      discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The intake of vitamin E
      deficient diet for 4 weeks resulted in an increased level of endogenous lipid
      peroxides in the renin granule fraction, accompanied by a marked decrease in
      alpha-tocopherol content, and led to a significant increase in the rate of renin
      release from the granules during incubation at 37 degrees C. These changes in
      alpha-tocopherol content, lipid peroxide level and renin release in the renin
      granule fraction were restored to the control values by dietary TOCA
      supplementation. Similarly, dietary supplementation of N,N'-diphenyl-p
      phenylenediamine (80 mg/100 g diet), which has an antioxidative ability,
      suppressed the increases in lipid peroxidation and renin release due to vitamin E
      deficiency, although this compound was ineffective in restoring alpha-tocopherol
      levels. These results suggest that vitamin E functions in maintenance of membrane
      integrity of renin granules by inhibiting the lipid peroxidation.

PMID- 6366185
TI  - Stimulation of renin release from rat kidney cortical slices by vitamin E
      deficiency.
AB  - Effect of vitamin E-deficiency on renin release was examined with rat kidney
      cortical slices. Male Wistar rats were fed either a control or a vitamin E
      deficient diet for 4 weeks. When kidney cortical slices were incubated in a Krebs
      Ringers' bicarbonate solution (pH 7.4) at 37 degrees C, the rate of renin release
      into the incubation medium in vitamin E-deficient group was significantly higher
      than that in the control group. However, dietary supplementation of alpha
      tocopheryl acetate (TOCA) or N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD) to the
      vitamin E-deficient rats for 5 d suppressed the stimulation of renin release from
      kidney cortical slices by vitamin E-deficiency. On the other hand, the release of
      protein, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase during incubation of kidney
      cortical slices was not affected by vitamin E-deficiency or supplementations of
      TOCA and DPPD. These findings indicate that vitamin E-deficiency specifically
      stimulates renin release from kidney cortical slices and this effect is
      attenuated by the dietary supplementation of TOCA or DPPD.

PMID- 6366186
TI  - The effect of saralasin in the chronically cannulated ewe in the early
      puerperium.
AB  - The effects of angiotensin II receptor blockade with saralasin ((sar1) (ala8)
      angiotensin II) have been studied 1-3 days post partum in seven ewes with
      indwelling vascular cannulae. Control experiments were performed 48 h later in
      five of the same ewes. The infusion of saralasin at 1, 2, 4 and 8 micrograms kg-1
      min-1 resulted in an initial small pressor response, followed by a depressor
      effect. A significant inverse correlation was demonstrated between log10 dose
      saralasin and the evoked change in diastolic blood pressure (r = -0.5891, P less
      than 0.005). A small and inconsistent depressor effect was found in the control
      experiments; there was no evidence for an association between dose and response
      (r = +0.0411, P greater than 0.85). These data were compared with those from a
      previously published study in which an identical infusion protocol for saralasin
      was used in ten chronically cannulated pregnant ewes. The slopes of the two dose
      response curves were very similar (-14.9 +/- 4.3 post partum compared with -14.2
      +/- 4.2) in the two groups. However, the average response was greater in the
      pregnant group, by 7.6 +/- 1.2 mmHg (P less than 0.005). Plasma renin
      concentration rose significantly during saralasin infusion (P less than 0.05) but
      was unchanged in control experiments, indicating blockade of the renin
      angiotensin system by the removal of negative feed-back control by angiotensin
      II. Saralasin is known to exert an agonist effect when angiotensin II itself is
      not directly concerned in the regulation of arterial blood pressure.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6366187
TI  - Neuroendocrine responses to stimulation of the splanchnic nerves in bursts in the
      conscious adrenalectomized calf.
AB  - Effects of stimulation of the peripheral ends of the splanchnic nerves below
      behavioural threshold at either 4 or 2 Hz continuously for 10 min, and at 40 or
      20 Hz for 1 s at 10 s intervals for 10 min, have been compared in conscious
      calves. Cardiovascular responses were apparently unaffected by the pattern of the
      stimulus, whereas pancreatic neuroendocrine responses were significantly enhanced
      by stimulation in bursts, as was the rise in mean arterial plasma glucose
      concentration. Release of bombesin-like immunoreactivity was substantially
      potentiated by intermittent stimulation at relatively high frequencies and the
      significance of this discovery is discussed in relation to the effects that this
      peptide is known to evoke in this species.

PMID- 6366188
TI  - Characteristics of the neuroendocrine responses to stimulation of the splanchnic
      nerves in bursts in the conscious calf.
AB  - Neuroendocrine responses to splanchnic nerve stimulation in bursts (at 40 Hz for
      1 s at 10 s intervals for 10 min) have been investigated in conscious
      adrenalectomized calves, 3-6 weeks after birth, in the presence of various
      pharmacological blocking agents. Preganglionic blockade with hexamethonium
      abolished all the neuroendocrine responses that were monitored. Pre-treatment
      with phentolamine significantly reduced, but failed to eliminate, the release of
      both pancreatic glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide. In the presence of
      phentolamine splanchnic nerve stimulation produced a massive rise in arterial
      plasma insulin concentration. None of these pancreatic neuroendocrine responses
      was significantly affected by additional pre-treatment with propranolol. The rise
      in mean plasma insulin concentration which occurred in calves pre-treated with
      both phentolamine and propranolol was significantly reduced by atropine. Release
      of bombesin-like immunoreactivity (BLI) was unaffected by total post-ganglionic
      adrenergic and cholinergic blockade. The results indicate that pancreatic
      endocrine responses to splanchnic nerve stimulation may be attributable, at least
      in part, to release of BLI in this species.

PMID- 6366189
TI  - Effects of certain metabolites on pancreatic endocrine responses to gastrin
      releasing peptide in conscious calves.
AB  - The effects of intravenous infusions of synthetic gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP;
      5 pmol/kg X min) have been investigated in 3- to 6-week-old conscious calves
      receiving continuous intravenous infusions of either glucose or amino acids or
      both at a dose of 0.03 mmol/kg X min and the results compared with the effects of
      the same dose of the peptide in control calves. Pre-treatment with amino acids
      alone caused a statistically significant fall in mean plasma glucose
      concentration, which was associated with a significant rise in mean pancreatic
      glucagon concentration. Additional infusion of glucose prevented this rise in
      plasma glucose concentration and resulted in a delayed, but very substantial rise
      in mean plasma insulin concentration. Pre-treatment with amino acids alone
      substantially and significantly increased the rise in mean plasma insulin that
      occurred in response to GRP. The rise in mean plasma glucagon concentration in
      response to GRP that occurred in the control group, the group pre-treated with
      amino acids alone and the group given both glucose and amino acids, was virtually
      eliminated in the group pre-treated with glucose alone. The normal rise in plasma
      pancreatic polypeptide concentration in response to GRP was invariably abolished
      in the presence of amino acids. No significant change in either mean neurotensin
      like or gastric-inhibitory-peptide-like immunoreactivity was observed in response
      to GRP in any of these groups. The results are discussed in relation to possible
      physiological functions that GRP may subserve.

PMID- 6366190
TI  - Congenital craniofacial malformations: issues and perspectives.
AB  - Congenital craniofacial malformations represent an extremely fascinating and
      complex set of biomedical problems. The complexity includes early detection,
      diagnosis, treatment, habilitation, and prevention. Genetic and environmental
      issues that appear to interact and result in congenital craniofacial
      malformations are becoming better understood. Advances in mouse and human
      immunogenetics now suggest several possible explanations for why some individuals
      acquire certain birth defects and others do not. Recent discoveries concerning
      the MHC and its association with a number of human birth defects have stimulated
      interesting speculations concerning genetic and environmental factors that might
      be responsible for predispositions to congenital malformations. Of particular
      interest is the possible function of the MHC of the mother during early stages of
      embryogenesis (the first trimester) and how this assembly of genes may infer
      susceptibility to environmentally induced birth defects in mouse and human
      reproduction. A number of environmental chemicals have been implicated in causing
      birth defects. A large amount of exciting information regarding the genetic
      regulation of certain drug-metabolizing enzymes (for example, the cytochrome P
      450 system) has developed. Basic research and biotechnology continue to advance
      our appreciation for and knowledge of craniofacial development biology.

PMID- 6366191
TI  - A method of restoring the palatal form in a complete maxillary denture.

PMID- 6366192
TI  - Using the existing complete denture as a surgical template.
AB  - This technique uses the patient's denture as a combination surgical splint and
      transitional prosthesis. Wire ligation or other methods of support used for
      surgical templates are unnecessary. Modifications of the existing complete
      denture can be accomplished in one setting, and the need for special equipment is
      eliminated. This method is applicable to the mandible as well as the maxilla.

PMID- 6366193
TI  - Technique for cleaning modeling compound from metal trays and heater pans.

PMID- 6366194
TI  - A prepared opening into the pulp chamber.

PMID- 6366195
TI  - A photoelastic study of a split palatal major connector.
AB  - A study was made to determine if the split palatal design of maxillary major
      connectors used on distal-extension removable partial dentures would result in a
      reduction of torquing stresses on the abutment teeth when the bases were loaded.
      A photoelastic model to simulate the maxillary arch, abutment teeth with their
      periodontal ligaments, edentulous ridges, and mucoperiosteum of the palate and
      ridges was constructed. Two Kennedy Class II removable partial denture frameworks
      of chrome-nickel alloy were constructed to fit the photoelastic model. One
      framework had an intact palatal major connector, and the other had a split in the
      major connector to separate the base from the abutment tooth as a stress-breaker.
      The frameworks were placed on the model, loaded, and photographed with polarized
      light to record the stress pattern in the model. The results of this study showed
      that the split palatal major connector did reduce the stress delivered to the
      distal-extension abutment when the base was loaded on the experimental model. A
      significant amount of stress from loading of the framework was removed from the
      abutment tooth and transferred to the regions of the model underlying the base.

PMID- 6366196
TI  - Impression techniques for preparations with shoulders.
AB  - An impression technique useful for both individual or multiple preparations with
      shoulders is described. This method reproduces the entire maxillary arch in one
      impression, which facilitates development of satisfactory occlusion for the
      patient. In addition, an impression technique that simultaneously reproduces the
      gingival margins of tooth preparations and the edentulous ridges is described. A
      master cast of the entire maxillary arch can be obtained in one appointment.

PMID- 6366198
TI  - A modified indirect cast post and core technique.
AB  - An indirect post and core technique in which the core is waxed and invested with
      the die has been described. The post and core are cast directly into the invested
      die, which has the advantage of an accurate casting of the post preparation
      obtained with less laboratory time and without the disadvantages of retrieving an
      intact wax pattern. This technique is particularly suited for long, narrow post
      preparations; short preparations where precise fit is necessary for retention;
      and multiple adjacent post preparations.

PMID- 6366197
TI  - The effect of a microbicidal cleaner on the retentive strength of two cements.

PMID- 6366199
TI  - A simplified approach to the fabrication of a maxillary hollow obturator
      prosthesis.
AB  - A technique that simplifies the fabrication of a maxillary hollow obturator
      prosthesis has been described. The procedure is simple and time conserving and
      results in an accurate, lightweight, nonporous prosthesis.

PMID- 6366200
TI  - The development of an augmentation endodontic-endosseous implant and a technique
      for its use: a postoperative evaluation.

PMID- 6366201
TI  - A comprehensive approach to tissue conditioning for complete dentures.

PMID- 6366202
TI  - Clinical evaluation of the accuracy of interocclusal recording materials.
AB  - The importance of accurate, reliable recording mediums cannot be understated.
      Function and esthetics are directly related to this critical step. Dental
      recording materials must be accurate, easily manipulated, and economical for
      effective use. Five types of intraoral records of 31 patients were registered and
      placed on an arcon, semiadjustable articulator to measure the magnitude and
      direction of distortion. The results were the following. Polyether interocclusal
      recording medium without a carrier was the most accurate. Polyether and zinc
      oxide-eugenol pastes with carriers were the next most accurate recording mediums,
      but they required a disciplined technique. Recording waxes were consistently
      unreliable. Distortion occurred more frequently in a vertical direction, followed
      by an anteroposterior direction.

PMID- 6366203
TI  - General considerations prior to relining of complete dentures.
AB  - eneral considerations necessary to determine whether a complete denture reline
      should be attempted or a new denture constructed have been presented. Specific
      evaluation procedures, including the examination and diagnosis of the patient and
      the complete denture(s) along with a checklist of complicating factors, have been
      discussed. Hickey and Zarb have said: "The complicated [nature] of the conditions
      to be corrected makes [reline] procedures not the simple operations many patients
      and dentists think they are." The authors emphatically agree.

PMID- 6366205
TI  - Failures in ceramometal fixed restorations.

PMID- 6366204
TI  - Cephalometric evaluation of the changes in patients wearing complete dentures. A
      ten-year longitudinal study.
AB  - This study analyzed the longitudinal cephalometric head films of 37 edentulous
      patients over a 10-year period. The purpose of the investigation was to document
      changes within the craniofacial complex, residual ridge resorption, and position
      of the dentures. The changes were correlated with the following variables: age,
      sex, skeletal pattern, number of years edentulous, technique of denture
      fabrication, and nighttime wear of the dentures. Findings in this study suggest
      the following. The maxillae and the mandible showed sagittal spatial
      counterclockwise displacement. Complete dentures exhibit a counterclockwise
      rotation and forward movement. Soft tissue seating is more important than
      alveolar ridge resorption in the positional changes of complete dentures.
      Variation in denture techniques had no influence on the observed changes.
      Artificial porcelain teeth did not show a measurable amount of attrition during
      the 10-year observation period. Observed changes were not significantly affected
      by variables such as sex, years edentulous, nighttime wear, or skeletal pattern.
      Two exceptions were that the skeletal pattern affects prognathism and number of
      years edentulous affects mandibular ridge resorption.

PMID- 6366206
TI  - Use of prefabricated stainless steel posts and composite core to restore a
      maxillary molar following root amputation.

PMID- 6366207
TI  - A two-die system for constructing porcelain jacket crowns.
AB  - This article described a two-die system for constructing porcelain jacket crowns.
      A stone master die and silver duplicate were used to construct the platinum
      matrix and crown. This technique capitalizes on the desirable properties of both
      die materials and can be used when metal-ceramic and porcelain jacket
      restorations are constructed on the same cast.

PMID- 6366208
TI  - The effect of proximal cavity design on the cementation of Class II inlays.
AB  - This article indicates that the gingival opening of a two-surface cast
      restoration after cementation is minimized by the use of a preparation with
      proximal grooves.

PMID- 6366209
TI  - The retentive capacity of rebonded retainers to enamel.

PMID- 6366210
TI  - A review of the incidence of pain after an operation treatment visit: Part I.
AB  - This review presented some typically encountered painful sequellae from routine
      restorative dental treatment. A brief description of the importance of Tomes'
      processes and free nerve endings were mentioned also. This review should serve as
      a background for a clinical study concerning posttreatment pain that will be
      described in a later article.

PMID- 6366211
TI  - A functional speech impression used to fabricate a maxillary speech prosthesis
      for a partial glossectomy patient.
AB  - Surgery for cancer of the floor of the mouth often results in alteration of the
      muscles of the tongue and floor of the mouth. Both primary and secondary surgical
      procedures often result in scar formation with reduced mobility of the tongue
      during speech and deglutition. Speech is often used as a diagnostic tool in the
      placement of the anterior teeth during fabrication of a prosthesis. Speech can
      similarly be used to help determine the proper placement of a speech portion of
      the prosthesis. The prosthetic rehabilitation approach described lowers the
      palatal vault with a false palate to enable the tongue to function against it
      during speech (Fig. 15). Group studies have shown that the design and fabrication
      of speech prostheses for partial glossectomy patients have significantly improved
      speech and swallowing for these patients. A speech pathologist is helpful during
      diagnosis, and speech therapy is necessary for significant speech improvement.
      Prosthetic rehabilitation alone cannot be expected to improve speech.

PMID- 6366212
TI  - The platinum-bonded crown: a simplified technique.

PMID- 6366213
TI  - An improved split-denture technique.
AB  - A technique for the construction of split dentures with a cast framework to hold
      the denture segments together has been described. The advantages of this
      technique to the patient were noted. Patients are carefully instructed first on
      how to insert the sections and then on how to insert the casting after the
      individual segments of each arch are in place.

PMID- 6366214
TI  - The use of disclosing wax to evaluate denture extensions.

PMID- 6366215
TI  - Easy removal of polysulfide maxillary impressions from the mouth.

PMID- 6366216
TI  - The effects of die relief agent on the retention of full coverage castings.

PMID- 6366217
TI  - Impression technique for maxillary removable partial dentures.

PMID- 6366218
TI  - Psychogenic facial pain: presentation and treatment.
AB  - An account is given of a two-centre controlled clinical trial to assess the
      efficacy of dothiepin (Prothiaden) against placebo and a soft bite-guard in the
      treatment of psychogenic facial pain. The results confirm the superiority of the
      dothiepin to placebo in achieving pain relief, but show no benefit from the use
      of mechanical treatment. Short-term relapse of pain which occurred in the follow
      up period was not associated with recurrence of psychiatric symptoms but appeared
      to be directly related to withdrawal of dothiepin.

PMID- 6366219
TI  - A review of cognitive-behavioural methods for the treatment of chronic pain.
AB  - Cognitive-behavioural methods for the treatment of chronic pain are described.
      They are divided into two categories. Firstly, those directly concerned with
      modifying pain related cognitions. These include distraction or relabelling
      techniques derived largely from analogue studies on experimental pain which show
      that various cognitive strategies can increase pain tolerance levels. Secondly,
      those concerned with modifying cognitive responses to stress. These include
      stress management techniques derived from the research on anxiety management.
      Outcome studies for both categories of cognitive methods and for a range of
      chronic pain problems are reviewed. It is concluded that although outcome studies
      report favourable results for cognitive methods there is a paucity of well
      controlled and evaluated studies.

PMID- 6366220
TI  - Visualization: techniques for health care workers.

PMID- 6366221
TI  - Cytogenetic analysis of mouse oocytes after experimental induction of follicular
      overripening.
AB  - Graafian follicle overripening was induced in (1) adult mice by inhibiting the
      ovulatory discharge of gonadotrophins with antibodies to LH-RH and (2) immature
      mice by injection of PMSG to promote follicular maturation before the
      neuroendocrine system was competent to produce an ovulatory stimulus. The numbers
      of follicles capable of meiotic maturation after exogenous LH were sharply
      reduced during the period of overripening and there was a corresponding increase
      in the proportion of cystically enlarged follicles, many of which were undergoing
      atresia. Freshly ovulated ova were collected after delaying ovulation for 2 days
      and prepared for cytogenetic study of metaphase chromosomes. The incidence of non
      disjunction and other errors was indistinguishable from that of ova collected
      after spontaneous ovulation during 4- or 5-day cycles.

PMID- 6366222
TI  - Immunochemical investigation of the interaction of egg-yolk lipoproteins with
      bovine spermatozoa.
AB  - Antiserum was raised in rabbits against an egg-yolk lipoprotein fraction
      previously shown to have cryoprotective properties. It was used in conjunction
      with alkaline phosphatase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG to demonstrate
      lipoprotein interaction with bovine spermatozoa. The lipoprotein bound firmly to
      spermatozoa and was not removed by extensive washing, suggesting that the
      lipoprotein had become irreversibly associated with the sperm membranes.

PMID- 6366223
TI  - Determination of the elongate spermatid-Sertoli cell ratio in various mammals.
AB  - Criteria were devised for determining the elongate spermatid-Sertoli cell ratio
      in various mammalian species at the electron microscope level. When data from
      particular species were pooled, the values were: rabbit, 12.17:1, hamster,
      10.75:1; gerbil, 10.64:1; rat, 10.32:1; guinea-pig, 10.10:1; vole, 9.75:1; and
      monkey, 5.94:1. The elongate spermatid-Sertoli cell ratio is a measure of the
      workload of the Sertoli cell and is a prime factor determining their efficiency.
      The higher the ratio, the higher the sperm output is likely to be per given
      weight of seminiferous tubule parenchyma for a particular species.

PMID- 6366224
TI  - Presence of "rheumatoid neoantigen-like material" in urine of patients with RA,
      demonstrated by use of leukocyte adherence inhibition assay.
AB  - Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
      when used in the leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay were capable of
      distinguishing antigenic differences between rheumatoid and osteoarthritic
      synovial membrane extracts. The positive LAI response of RA patients was negated
      by preincubating the cells with sera or urine proteins obtained from LAI
      nonreactive RA patients. This study suggests that LAI nonreactive RA subjects
      have in their serum a material cross reactive with rheumatoid synovium which we
      have called "rheumatoid neoantigen-like material" which is excreted in their
      urine, and is capable of being recognized by PBL of reactive, LAI positive RA
      patients.

PMID- 6366225
TI  - Generalized vasculopathy and finger blood flow abnormalities in rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - Resting blood flow, spontaneous variations of resting blood flow and postischemic
      peak flow of the fingers, measured by venous occlusion plethysmography, were
      reduced in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (n = 39) as compared to normals (n
      = 18). Resting blood flow and postischemic peak flow were reduced only in
      patients without skin vessel wall immune complex (IC) deposits, whereas
      spontaneous variations of resting blood flow were found to be reduced in patients
      with IC deposits. However, after inducing sympathicolysis, postischemic peak flow
      was reduced in both groups. These findings were consistent with the presence of
      organic lesions of the finger arteries in both groups associated with additional
      functional vasospasm in patients without complex deposits, that in the other
      group may have been counteracted by the presence of IC deposits.

PMID- 6366226
TI  - Oral mucosal lesions in systemic lupus erythematosus--a clinical,
      histopathological and immunopathological study.
AB  - The oral mucosa was investigated in 51 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
      (SLE). Lesions were seen in 23 patients (45%). Most lesions were of discoid type
      or erythemas; only 3 were seen in 23 patients (45%). Most lesions were of discoid
      type or erythemas; only 3 were ulcerations. The hard palate, buccal mucosa and
      vermilion border were the most frequent sites of involvement. The overall
      prevalence was not related to disease activity, but discoid lesions and
      ulcerations were only seen in patients with active disease. Histopathological
      investigation showed liquefactive degeneration in 6 biopsies of 10 lesions.
      Immunofluorescence examination was positive in all cases.

PMID- 6366227
TI  - Anti-T cell antibody in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - One hundred-and-seven patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) were
      studied for the presence or absence of an autoantibody in their sera directed
      against T cells. Using an indirect immunofluorescence technique on a fluorescence
      activated cell sorter, 71% of all patients were found to be positive on at least
      one sample. When studied according to the mode of onset of disease 75% of those
      with systemic onset, 70% with a pauciarticular, and 68% of those with a
      polyarticular onset were positive. Longitudinal studies appeared to suggest a
      correlation with disease activity, particularly in individual patients who were
      positive, while remission was almost invariably associated with negative testing
      for anti-T cell antibodies. These findings suggest that the anti-T cell antibody
      may be a useful diagnostic test in JRA and of benefit in monitoring disease
      activity and remission of disease.

PMID- 6366228
TI  - The sore mouth: a review.

PMID- 6366229
TI  - Arabian medicine in the middle ages.

PMID- 6366230
TI  - What determines susceptibility to liver damage from alcohol?: discussion paper.

PMID- 6366231
TI  - Photocoagulation in the prevention of blindness due to diabetic retinopathy: a
      review.

PMID- 6366232
TI  - Synthesis of a novel class of heteroaromatic amino acids and their use in the
      preparation of analogues of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.
AB  - A novel class of heterocyclic aromatic amino acids based on the 3-(2
      benzimidazolyl)alanine system has been generated by chiral synthesis from D- or L
      aspartic acid. The use of variously substituted o-phenylenediamines for
      condensation with the beta-carboxyl function of alpha-benzyl N
      (benzyloxycarbonyl)-D-aspartate has led to a series of amino acids of graded
      hydrophobicity with a steric bulk similar to that of tryptophan. In a similar
      fashion, we have prepared 3-(2-benzothiazolyl)-D-alanine from o-aminothiophenol
      and 3-(2-benzoxazolyl)-D-alanine from o-aminophenol. Incorporation of these amino
      acids into the 6-position of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) led to
      a series of very potent agonist analogues (up to 160 times LH-RH potency), active
      in doses ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 microgram by twice daily injection in a rat
      estrus cyclicity suppression assay designed to show the paradoxical antifertility
      effects of these compounds.

PMID- 6366233
TI  - Nurturing the scientific enterprise.

PMID- 6366234
TI  - Autopsies at Newark City Hospital, 1908 to 1911.

PMID- 6366235
TI  - A method differentiating between bacterial adhesiveness and invasiveness in cell
      culture monolayer.
AB  - In order to differentiate between bacterial adhesiveness and invasiveness in cell
      culture monolayers, a method is reported which enables the same specimen to be
      examined by both scanning electron microscopy and Nomarski interference contrast
      microscopy. The source of error made by statistical variation when the two
      microscopical techniques are used individually is thus avoided.

PMID- 6366236
TI  - A method for the preparation of cerebral blood vessels.
AB  - Elements of the cerebral vascular system of the rat have been prepared by
      simultaneous perfusion with fibrinogen and thrombin. The resulting fibrin fills
      and serves to support the vessels which can then easily be excised from the brain
      and prepared for light and electron microscopy. The structure and ultrastructure
      of cerebral blood vessels is well preserved by this technique.

PMID- 6366237
TI  - Mental retardation: evolution of care.

PMID- 6366238
TI  - Caulobacter crescentus flagellar filament has a right-handed helical form.
AB  - Caulobacter crescentus flagellar filaments were examined for their shape and
      handedness. Contour length, wavelength and height of the helical filaments were
      1.34 +/- 0.14 micron, 1.08 +/- 0.05 micron and 0.27 +/- 0.04 micron,
      respectively. Together with the value of the filament diameter, 14 +/- 1.5 nm,
      the parameters of the curvature (alpha) and twist (phi) were calculated as 3.9(%)
      for alpha and 0.026 (rad) for phi, which are similar to those of the curly I
      filament of Salmonella typhimurium. Dark-field light microscopic analysis
      revealed that the C. crescentus wild-type filament possesses a right-handed
      helical form. Given the result that C. crescentus cells normally swim forward, in
      the opposite direction to a polar flagellum, it is likely that C. crescentus
      swims by rotation of a right-handed curly shaped flagellum in a clockwise sense,
      whereas S. typhimurium and Escherichia coli swim by rotation of left-handed
      normal type flagella in a counterclockwise sense.

PMID- 6366239
TI  - An enzyme-probe method to detect structural changes in the myosin rod.
AB  - The temperature-dependence of local melting within the alpha-helical, coiled-coil
      structure of rabbit myosin rod has been investigated by following changes in the
      rate constants of proteolytic digestion. The kinetics of fragmentation of the rod
      by three different enzymes (alpha-chymotrypsin, trypsin and papain) over the
      temperature range 5 to 40 degrees C (pH 7, I = 0.5) has been monitored by
      electrophoresis of the digestion products on sodium dodecyl
      sulfate/polyacrylamide gels. All rate constants were corrected for the intrinsic
      temperature-dependence of the enzyme by comparison with model substrates. Results
      from the three enzyme-probes are similar in showing that local melting within the
      rod occurs in two distinct stages. At temperatures between 5 and 25 degrees C,
      melting is confined to a restricted segment of the rod structure near the light
      meromyosin/heavy meromyosin junction. At temperatures between 25 and 40 degrees
      C, a wider segment of the rod lysing between the junction and the short
      subfragment-2 segment (the hinge domain) appears to be melting, judging from the
      broad spectrum of cleavage sites observed in this region. Results are compared
      with those from other physicochemical methods that measure the hinging or opening
      of the coiled-coil structure of the rod.

PMID- 6366240
TI  - Protein metabolism of the heart.
AB  - The heart contains many cell types; mechanical work is done by cardiomyocytes
      which do not divide but are terminally differentiated and capable of continuous
      protein synthesis and degradation. The steps in protein synthesis are (1)
      transport of amino acids into heart cells by a variety of cell-membrane carriers,
      (2) ATP-dependent activation of the amino acids by specific enzymes, forming
      aminoacyl-transfer RNA molecules, (3) initiation of protein synthesis on
      ribosomes to which messenger-RNA molecules are bound at the initiation 'code
      word', (4) elongation of the polypeptide chains by the repetitive operation of a
      ribosomal enzyme acting on incoming aminoacyl-transfer RNAs selected by their
      ability to bind to the messenger-RNA code words in place at any one time, and (5)
      completion of chain growth when the appropriate termination code word appears in
      the messenger RNA on the ribosome. Certain genes are available in differentiated
      heart cells for transcription by RNA polymerase into pre-messenger RNA molecules.
      These RNA molecules are chemically modified, complexed with proteins and
      shortened by means of specific excisions before they leave the nuclei as
      messenger-ribonucleoprotein complexes which can be used for protein synthesis.
      Regulation of protein synthesis involves both 'quantity' and 'quality' control
      and is exerted mainly, but not exclusively, at the two levels of initiation,
      namely that of RNA synthesis in the nucleus, and protein synthesis in the
      cytoplasm. Protein degradation to the level of amino acids is a process which
      probably requires disassembly of protein complexes or organelles, and is
      catalyzed by proteinases present in the cytoplasm or by others occurring in
      lysosomes, or possibly by both. Basal degradation occurs continuously, and may be
      supplemented by a separate process, called autophagy, which is under hormonal or
      nutritional control. The complex processes of biosynthesis and degradation are
      finely balanced and do not interfere with function despite their occurrence at a
      rate which means that most of the cardiac protein is replaced every 7 to 14 days.
      Nutritional and hormonal factors, and especially workload, are determinants that
      influence the 'set' of the protein turnover mechanism and therefore the size of
      the organ as a whole.

PMID- 6366241
TI  - The effects of nafazatrom on arrhythmias and prostanoid release during coronary
      artery occlusion and reperfusion in anaesthetized greyhounds.
AB  - The effects of the antithrombotic drug nafazatrom (BAY g 6575) were investigated
      in chloralose-anaesthetized greyhounds subject to coronary artery occlusion and
      reperfusion. Pretreatment with nafazatrom 10 mg/kg p.o. did not significantly
      reduce the number of extrasystoles or the incidence of ventricular fibrillation
      (VF) during the first 30 min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary
      artery. However, the incidence of VF resulting from release of a 40-min coronary
      artery occlusion was markedly reduced (from 88% in the controls to 14% in the
      nafazatrom group). Both thromboxane B2 (TxB2) and 6-keto PGF1 alpha (breakdown
      products of TxA2 and prostacyclin respectively) were released from the acutely
      ischaemic myocardium in control dogs. Nafazatrom did not alter the release of
      TxB2 but the concentrations of 6-keto PGF1 alpha were elevated in blood draining
      from both the ischaemic and normal regions of the myocardium. The pronounced anti
      fibrillatory effect of nafazatrom during reperfusion of the ischaemic myocardium
      may be related to the ability of this drug to elevate prostacyclin concentrations
      in the coronary circulation.

PMID- 6366242
TI  - Identification and localization of creatine kinase B and M in normal, ischemic
      and necrotic myocardium. An immunohistochemical study.
AB  - We utilized immunoperoxidase methods to study the distribution of CK-B and CK-M
      in normal, ischemic and necrotic myocardium. Human myocardium was obtained from
      autopsy (n = 10) and surgery (n = 16). Cardiac tissue from 22 dogs with
      experimental myocardial infarction induced by closed-chest coronary balloon
      occlusion and four dogs with myocardial ischemia without necrosis induced by a
      50% reduction in left main coronary artery blood flow for 3 h were studied.
      Duration of occlusion was 45 min (n = 2), 3 h (n = 8), 5 to 6 h (n = 7), 15 to 24
      h (n = 5). Highly purified anti-CK-B and M were prepared in our laboratory and
      obtained commercially. In all cases, control experiments were performed.
      Microscopically normal human and dog myocardium uniformly stained for CK-B and CK
      M. Necrotic myocardium from patients with acute infarcts (10 to 24 h old) showed
      markedly reduced immunostaining. In dogs with 3 to 24 h occlusion immunostaining
      was significantly reduced for both CK-B and CK-M in regions confirmed to be
      necrotic by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) and H & E staining. Myocardial
      necrosis was confirmed in the 3-h infarcts by electron microscopy (EM). In the
      four dogs with a 50% reduction in left main flow for 3 h, ischemia was
      demonstrated by glycogen loss in periodic acid-Schiff stained-sections; but there
      was no evidence of necrosis by EM or TTC, and there was no loss of immunostaining
      evident for CK-B and CK-M. Thus, using immunoperoxidase techniques, CK-B and CK-M
      were visualized in normal and ischemic myocardium, with decreased staining in
      necrotic tissue. These findings indicate that cell death is necessary for the
      demonstration of CK-M and CK-B loss from the myocardium by this technique.

PMID- 6366243
TI  - Benzidine dihydrochloride: toxicological assessment in mice during chronic
      exposures.
AB  - Although benzidine is recognized as a bladder carcinogen in humans and a liver
      carcinogen in laboratory animals, its toxicological effects appear to be extended
      to several other endpoints. This economically important chemical is the base for
      over 200 dyes and is used extensively in manufacturing. In a chronic lifespan
      study lasting 33 months, both sexes of F1 hybrid (genetically homogeneous) and
      monohybrid cross (genetically heterogeneous) mice from BALB/c male and C57BL/6
      female crosses were exposed to benzidine dihydrochloride in their drinking water
      at concentrations of 0, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, and 120 ppm for the females, and 0,
      30, 40, 60, 80, 120, and 160 ppm for males. Animals were removed from the study
      when they were dead or moribund. In addition to hepatocellular carcinomas, there
      were several other toxicological end-points identified that appeared to be
      related to the administration of benzidine. Dose-response trends were noted for
      pigmentation of the spleen, hepatic cytological alterations, hyperplasia of the
      bile ducts, megakaryocytosis of the bone marrow, vacuolization of the brain,
      adenoma of the Harderian gland, atrophy of the ovaries, and angioma of the
      uterus. Also, dose-related effects were noted with respect to time to lung tumor
      and time to mortality due to reticulum-cell sarcomas.

PMID- 6366244
TI  - Confirmation of EMIT cannabinoid assay results by bonded phase adsorption with
      thin layer chromatography.
AB  - Clinical urine specimens were screened for the presence of cannabinoids using the
      EMIT Cannabinoid Assay. Aliquots of these samples were also analyzed for 11-nor
      delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THCA), the major cannabis
      metabolite in urine, by a technique which combines bonded phase adsorption (BPA)
      and thin layer chromatography (TLC). A 100% agreement between EMIT and BPA-TLC
      results was observed when at least 20 mL of urine was assayed by BPA-TLC. Bonded
      phase adsorption coupled with thin layer chromatography appears to be a suitable
      technique for the confirmation of positive EMIT Cannabinoid Assay results.

PMID- 6366245
TI  - Formation of the prohead core of bacteriophage T4 in vivo.
AB  - Formation of the prohead core of bacteriophage T4 was not dependent on shell
      assembly. In mutant infections, where the production or assembly of active shell
      protein was not possible, naked core structures were formed. The particles were
      generally attached to the bacterial inner membrane and possessed defined prolate
      dimensions. The intracellular yield varied between 15 and 71% of a corresponding
      prohead yield and was dependent on the temperature of incubation. The products of
      genes 21 and 22 were found to be essential for in vivo core formation, whereas
      those of genes 20, 23, 24, 31, and 40, as well as the internal proteins I to III,
      were dispensable.

PMID- 6366246
TI  - Analysis of the coliphage T5 DNA ejection process with free and liposome
      associated TonA protein.
AB  - Outer membrane protein TonA, the receptor for coliphage T5, has been partially
      purified and incorporated into the phospholipid bilayer of liposomes. Adsorption
      of the phage to its receptor in either a free or liposome-associated form is fast
      and sufficient to trigger the ejection of encapsidated DNA. In both in vitro
      systems the exit of DNA from the phage capsid is a very slow process. Ejected DNA
      can partially accumulate inside the liposome aqueous compartment, but the
      transfer from the phage head to the liposome internal space is never complete,
      perhaps because the liposome volume is too small. The presence of polyamines or
      divalent cations (magnesium) or both in the incubation medium diminished the
      extent of DNA ejection, possibly by stabilizing DNA inside the head. DNA movement
      was slowed as the temperature was decreased from 37 to 18 degrees C. Furthermore,
      incubation at 4 degrees C totally prevented this DNA movement, even if a large
      part of the DNA had already exited the capsid.

PMID- 6366247
TI  - Emphysematous pyelonephritis.

PMID- 6366248
TI  - The value of magnesium in flush solutions for human cadaveric kidney
      preservation.
AB  - A cooperative clinical trial was conducted among 5 transplant centers in the
      western United States to determine the value of magnesium sulfate in
      intracellular electrolyte flush solutions for hypothermic, human kidney storage.
      Kidneys from alternate donors were flushed with either magnesium-free Euro
      Collins' solution or magnesium-containing Collins' 2 solution. Donor and
      recipient ages, and mean preservation times were not significantly different
      between the 2 groups. There was a significantly lower dialysis requirement during
      the first week in the magnesium-containing Collins 2 group (33 per cent) versus
      the Euro-Collins group (54 per cent). Function rates and serum creatinine nadirs
      at 1 month were not significantly different. The beneficial effect of magnesium
      sulfate was more evident when preservation times exceeded 24 hours.

PMID- 6366249
TI  - ABH cell surface isoantigens in invasive bladder carcinoma associated with
      schistosomiasis.
AB  - The immunoperoxidase technique for demonstrating blood group ABH isoantigens was
      used to compare 33 patients with invasive stages T2 and T3 bladder carcinoma with
      (18) and without (15) schistosomiasis. Of the 18 patients with schistosomiasis 11
      (61 per cent) had cell surface antigens present (9 with squamous cell carcinoma
      and 2 with transitional cell carcinoma and areas of squamous metaplasia), while
      isoantigens were absent in the remaining 7 (1 with well differentiated squamous
      cell, 2 with moderately to poorly differentiated squamous cell and 4 with
      transitional cell carcinoma). Cell surface isoantigens were present in only 3 of
      the 15 patients (20 per cent) without schistosomiasis (2 with squamous cell and 1
      with transitional cell carcinoma) and absent in the remaining 12 with
      transitional cell carcinoma. This preliminary study shows that a significant
      percentage of patients with schistosomiasis-associated invasive bladder carcinoma
      maintain the blood group isoantigens, in contrast to those with bladder carcinoma
      not associated with schistosomiasis. The better prognosis of schistosomiasis
      associated carcinoma could be linked conceivably to isoantigen maintenance. If
      this speculation is supported by further studies the determination of blood group
      isoantigens in these patients would be of prognostic value.

PMID- 6366250
TI  - ABO (H) blood group antigens and carcinoembryonic antigens as indicators of
      malignant potential in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
AB  - Immunoperoxidase methods were used to study ABO(H) blood group antigens and
      carcinoembryonic antigens in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the
      bladder. In our study absence of blood group antigens in cancer tissues was not
      found to be correlated with histologic grade, stage and survival rate in patients
      with bladder carcinoma, while it was correlated with subsequent intravesical
      recurrences. In contrast, the presence of carcinoembryonic antigens in cancer
      tissues was correlated well with histologic grade, stage and survival rate. Our
      results suggest that immunoperoxidase detection of blood group antigens could not
      predict poor survival. In contrast, immunoperoxidase detection of
      carcinoembryonic antigens is of prognostic value in patients with transitional
      cell carcinoma of the bladder.

PMID- 6366251
TI  - The treatment of psychogenic impotence after dermal graft repair for Peyronie's
      disease.
AB  - We studied 20 men who failed to resume coitus after a dermal graft repair for
      Peyronie's disease. Psychogenic causes were found in 15 men, 10 of whom were
      treated locally by the sex counselors who interviewed all the couples.
      Psychogenic dysfunction was related to waiting for healing or for a specified
      period, then approaching first coitus either with idealized expectations or as if
      it were a test. Of the 10 treated men 3 also had marital conflict and 5 others
      had lack of a partner or poor motivation, including 1 who also suffered some
      instability of erection possibly of structural cause. In most of the treated men
      relief of anxiety and conflict proved effective, and coitus was restored. We are
      now evaluating possible improved results in new operative candidates through
      preoperative and postoperative counseling, which emphasizes a less pressured
      approach to coitus postoperatively.

PMID- 6366252
TI  - Nephrogenic adenoma of the ureter.
AB  - We report a case of nephrogenic adenoma in the left ureter. The patient presented
      with lumbago on the left side. A small calculus was incarcerated in the left
      ureter 4 cm. from the ureteropelvic junction and an adenoma, which resembled
      histologically the renal tubules, was observed in the ureter. A search of the
      world medical literature revealed 58 cases of nephrogenic adenoma, although only
      1 case in the ureter has been reported previously.

PMID- 6366253
TI  - A new technique for surgical correction of vesicoureteral reflux.
AB  - For more than 2 decades a major problem in pediatric urology has been the medical
      and surgical management of vesicoureteral reflux. Many effective surgical
      procedures have been advocated and used. A new surgical technique, particularly
      effective in patients with megatrigone, has been used in 38 children and adults
      with excellent results. The technique involves a single stitch that imbricates
      the trigone, effectively lengthening the intramural segment of terminal ureter.

PMID- 6366254
TI  - Radical cystectomy without radiation therapy for carcinoma of the bladder.
AB  - A review of a 20-year experience of radical cystectomy identified 99 patients who
      had not undergone preoperative radiation therapy. The 5-year survival rate of
      patients with clinical high stage lesions (T3, T4a) was 40 per cent. Life-table
      analyses showed that survival rate in this group was comparable with that
      reported for other groups receiving preoperative radiation therapy. The pelvic
      recurrence rate was 9 per cent and was frequently related to either urethral or
      nodal disease. Unquantifiable patient selection factors may well limit the
      reliability of these results.

PMID- 6366255
TI  - Widespread urothelial tumor treated with bilateral nephroureterectomy,
      cystectomy, autotransplantation of one kidney and pelvioileocutaneostomy.
AB  - We report on a man who had recurrent low grade noninvasive bladder tumors for 8
      years and an increasing number of such tumors in both renal pelves and ureters
      for 3 years. Because of steady tumor progression, including obstruction of urine
      outflow from the right kidney, the tumors and as much urothelium as possible were
      removed. Right nephroureterectomy was performed initially. A month later left
      nephroureterectomy, cystectomy, extracorporeal pelvic resection and
      autotransplantation of the kidney to the pelvic cavity with urinary diversion to
      the skin using an isolated ileal loop were done. Convalescence was uneventful.
      Endoscopic examination 4 months postoperatively via the ileal conduit revealed no
      recurrences. The general condition of the patient after 6 months was excellent.

PMID- 6366256
TI  - Erectile failure in cynomolgus monkeys with atherosclerosis of the arteries
      supplying the penis.
AB  - We evaluated by direction observation the sexual behavior of normal and
      atherosclerotic adult male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) toward
      sexually receptive female cynomolgus monkeys. Marked deficits in erectile and
      ejaculatory function were found in the atherosclerotic monkeys. These animals
      were normal in other aspects of social and sexual behavior and had normal
      concentrations of circulating testosterone. At necropsy, histopathologic
      evaluation of the urogenital vasculature revealed atherosclerotic lumen
      obstruction of internal iliac, internal pudendal and penile arteries which
      apparently resulted in diminished in vivo capacity of these vessels to
      accommodate the large increases in blood flow required for the production of an
      erection. These findings provide further evidence for the existence of an
      association between atherosclerotic obstruction of the internal iliac, pudendal
      and penile arteries and the occurrence of erectile failure, and suggest the
      usefulness of the nonhuman primate as an animal model for clinical studies of
      atherosclerotic sexual dysfunction of man.

PMID- 6366257
TI  - Thirty years after isoniazid. Its impact on tuberculosis in children and
      adolescents.
AB  - This is the final report of 30 years of observation of isoniazid prophylaxis and
      chemotherapy of tuberculosis in children. It includes 2,494 patients who
      completed a course of prescribed therapy in Houston and who had been under
      observation for a total of 15,943 person-years. The effectiveness of isoniazid
      prophylaxis was best demonstrated in those children infected before 4 years of
      age, because none of them have experienced overt disease. Chemotherapy of
      pulmonary tuberculosis was effective for existing disease in all ages and
      prevented dissemination. Of those treated for pulmonary tuberculosis during
      childhood, the striking absence of adolescent reactivation points to the
      likelihood of a permanent cure. Adequate drug therapy is the key to successful
      treatment.

PMID- 6366258
TI  - Treatment of mild hypertension with diuretics. The importance of ECG
      abnormalities in the Oslo Study and in MRFIT.
AB  - The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT) showed that diuretic
      treatment of hypertensive men with certain ECG abnormalities at entry was
      associated with an increased coronary heart disease mortality in the special
      intervention group as compared with the usual-care group. Following the same
      criteria for resting ECG abnormalities as in MRFIT, The Oslo Study trial of mild
      hypertension has been reanalyzed for similar effects. Although numbers of first
      coronary events are low in this study (20 cases in the treated group and 13 in
      the control group), similar trends are present in The Oslo Study. The excess of
      seven cases of coronary events in the Oslo treatment group can mainly be
      explained by introduction of the MRFIT ECG-Minnesota codes.

PMID- 6366260
TI  - Landmark perspective. Rh immunization. The importance of a critical case study.

PMID- 6366259
TI  - Landmark article July 8, 1939. An unusual case of intra-group agglutination. By
      Philip Levine and Rufus E Stetson.

PMID- 6366261
TI  - Medicine in the USA: historical vignettes. XXI. Medical practice: specialization.

PMID- 6366262
TI  - Cutaneous allergy to human (recombinant DNA) insulin.
AB  - p6 report two cases of cutaneous allergy to human (recombinant DNA) insulin. Each
      patient had a history of systemic allergic reactions to porcine insulin and was
      at least as reactive to human as to porcine insulin by end-point cutaneous
      titration. Both patients' insulin allergy was managed with animal insulins and
      both have done well. Our experience with these two patients indicates that human
      insulin (rDNA) should not be expected to be efficacious in all patients with
      systemic allergy to insulin.

PMID- 6366264
TI  - Landmark perspective: Sulfadiazine.

PMID- 6366263
TI  - Landmark article June 14, 1941: Sulfadiazine. Therapeutic evaluation and toxic
      effects on four hundred and forty-six patients. By Maxwell Finland, Elias
      Strauss, and Osler L. Peterson.
AB  - sulfadiazine appeared to be as effective as sulfapyridine or sulfathiazole in
      every condition in which it was used. Toxic effects from sulfadiazine were
      relatively mild and infrequent. Nausea and vomiting occurred in 9.2 per cent of
      the cases. Nitrogen retention of moderate degree was noted in 5 cases. Leukopenia
      occurred early and was transient in some cases. In 3 cases the leukocyte counts
      dropped between the eleventh and the sixteenth day and returned to normal on
      cessation of therapy. Morbilliform eruptions were observed in 9 cases

PMID- 6366265
TI  - A mechanical 'hypothalamus' for ovulation induction therapy.

PMID- 6366266
TI  - Heart transplantation. Four years' experience with conventional
      immunosuppression.
AB  - This article describes four years' experience with heart transplantation using
      conventional immunosuppression. Twenty of 32 patients are alive. The one-year
      survival rates were 75% (1979), 67% (1980), and 75% (1981). Actuarial survival
      rates for operative survivors were 70% at one year, 60% at two years, and 51% at
      three years. Patients in the 50- to 55-year age group have survived as well as
      younger recipients. Rejection resulted in six deaths, infection in three, donor
      heart failure in two, and multiple organ failure in one. There were 1.5 acute
      rejections per patient and one infection per patient in the first three
      posttransplant months. Postoperative hospital stay averaged 62 days and cost a
      total of $58,351.

PMID- 6366267
TI  - Decline in US childhood cancer mortality. 1950 through 1980.
AB  - Cancer mortality among children in the United States, 1950 through 1979, as
      evaluated by death certificate diagnoses, revealed dramatic declines primarily in
      the second half of the 30-year interval. The numbers of deaths of persons younger
      than 15 years, 1965 through 1979, as compared with the number expected at 1950
      rates, fell 50% for leukemia, 32% for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 80% for Hodgkin's
      disease, 50% for bone sarcoma, 68% for kidney cancer, and 31% for all other
      cancer. There were 17,411 fewer deaths from childhood cancer from 1965 through
      1979 than expected at the 1950 rate. Leukemia mortality declined by 8,073 deaths
      and kidney tumor mortality by 2,393. In data subsequently received for 1980, the
      decline in rates persisted for leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, but the rates
      for the other four cancer categories seem to have reached a plateau. The
      reduction in mortality is attributed to improved therapy.

PMID- 6366268
TI  - Brain ischemic anoxia. Mechanisms of injury.

PMID- 6366269
TI  - Joseph Priestley.

PMID- 6366270
TI  - Landmark article May 23, 1942: Diffuse collagen disease. Acute disseminated lupus
      erythematosus and diffuse scleroderma. By Paul Klemperer, Abou D. Pollack and
      George Baehr.

PMID- 6366271
TI  - Landmark perspective. Diffuse collagen disease.

PMID- 6366272
TI  - Clot-dissolving agent undergoes clinical trials.

PMID- 6366273
TI  - Dermatologists, university join in skin cancer study.

PMID- 6366274
TI  - Officers and members of the House of Delegates of the American Medical
      Association.

PMID- 6366275
TI  - Caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant.
AB  - Thirty clinical studies involving more than 10,000 patients conducted during the
      last 20 years have been analyzed to assess the value of caffeine as an analgesic
      adjuvant. Although most studies included patients with postpartum uterine
      cramping or episiotomy pain, some involved patients with pain from oral surgery
      or headache. In 21 of 26 studies, the relative potency estimates of an analgesic
      with caffeine to an analgesic without caffeine is greater than one. The pooled
      relative potency estimates in each of several major categories of combination
      analgesics are significantly greater than one. The overall pooled relative
      potency estimate is 1.41, with 95% confidence limits of 1.23 to 1.63; that is, to
      obtain the same amount of response from an analgesic without caffeine requires a
      dose that is approximately 40% greater than one with caffeine.

PMID- 6366276
TI  - Imipramine treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy.
AB  - Twelve patients with severe, painful diabetic neuropathy in the lower extremities
      were treated with imipramine and placebo in a fixed-dose, double-blind, crossover
      study of five plus five weeks. Seven patients experienced notable improvement
      while receiving imipramine and none while receiving placebo. The rating of
      specific symptoms at the end of each treatment period showed a beneficial effect
      of imipramine on pain, paresthesia, dysesthesia, numbness, and nocturnal
      aggravation. The plasma levels of imipramine and its metabolite desipramine were
      significantly higher in patients who benefited from imipramine treatment.

PMID- 6366277
TI  - Caffeine revisited.

PMID- 6366278
TI  - Migration of schrapnel from lung to bronchus.
AB  - Erosion of metallic foreign bodies from the pulmonary parenchyma into a bronchus
      is rare. In this case, bronchoscopic removal of the shrapnel was possible 64
      years after the injury. The 89-year-old veteran enjoys life and has had no
      further pulmonary problems one year after bronchoscopic removal of a metallic
      foreign body. Possibly this is the oldest patient on record to have had a foreign
      body erode into a bronchus and to have undergone removal through a rigid
      bronchoscope.

PMID- 6366279
TI  - Landmark article Aug 12, 1944: Penicillin in the treatment of meningitis. By D.H.
      Rosenberg and P.A.Arling.

PMID- 6366280
TI  - Landmark perspective: The impact of penicillin on the treatment of meningitis.

PMID- 6366281
TI  - Medicine in the USA: historical vignettes. XXII. Medical practice: making a
      living.

PMID- 6366282
TI  - Physicians continue to study cause(s) of 'bubble' boy's death.

PMID- 6366283
TI  - SCID takes many forms; infection common.

PMID- 6366284
TI  - William Pitcairn (1711-1791) and the Gold-Headed Cane.

PMID- 6366285
TI  - Anaphylaxis from chymopapain.

PMID- 6366286
TI  - Landmark article Sept 9, 1944: Penicillin treatment of early syphilis: II. By
      J.F. Mahoney, R.C. Arnold, B.L. Sterner, A. Harris and M.R. Zwally.

PMID- 6366287
TI  - Landmark perspective: Penicillin and early syphilis.

PMID- 6366288
TI  - Rationale and indications for the use of alpha-keto analogues.

PMID- 6366289
TI  - The role of antihypertensive polar renomedullary lipid in the pathogenesis of
      hypertension.
AB  - One-0-hexadecyl-2-0-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (HAGPC), a component of
      semisynthetic antihypertensive polar renomedullary lipid (APRL) reported by
      Muirhead et al. in chemically treated rabbit renomedullary lipid had a strong
      hypotensive action, a cardiosuppressing action and an apparent anti
      norepinephrine action. 3-(N-n-octadecylcarbamoyloxy)-2-methoxypropyl-2-thiazolio
      ethyl phosphate significantly inhibited the hypotensive action of HAGPC, whereas
      the hypotensive activities of prostaglandin I2, prostaglandin E2, bradykinin,
      histamine and acetylcholine were not affected by this drug. The blood pressure of
      rats with established hypertension produced by clipping one renal artery and
      contralateral nephrectomy normally decreases rapidly after unclipping the renal
      artery, but the initial rapid decrease was significantly inhibited by an
      intravenous infusion of 3-(N-n-octadecylcarbamoyloxy)-2-methoxypropyl-2-thiazolio
      ethyl phosphate. This shows that endogenous 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3
      phosphorylcholine participates in the rapid decrease of blood pressure after
      unclipping the renal artery in one-kidney, one clip hypertensive rats.

PMID- 6366290
TI  - Effect of orally administered hydralazine on neurohumoral factors and hemodynamic
      response in aged patients with chronic congestive heart failure.
AB  - We studied the hemodynamic response to orally administered hydralazine (30 mg)
      and examined the changes in neurohumoral factors in 16 aged patients with chronic
      congestive heart failure. After a single 30 mg dose, 9 patients (Group I)
      demonstrated a greater than 30% decrease in systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
      and a significant increase in the cardiac index (CI); 7 patients, whose SVR was
      decreased by less than 30% (Group II), showed a less marked increase in CI. After
      3 days of drug administration (90 mg/day), the CI decreased in Group I (p less
      than 0.05) while it tended to increase further in Group II. Pretreatment plasma
      norepinephrine was lower in Group I than Group II (p less than 0.05). However, in
      Group I, it increased after 3 days of therapy, with a concomitant increase in
      plasma renin activity (p less than 0.01) and total plasma volume (P less than
      0.025). We conclude that the higher pretreatment plasma norepinephrine level in
      Group II, suggestive of more severe derangement of left ventricular function, may
      be associated with a less pronounced dilatory response of the peripheral
      vasculature after a single dose of hydralazine, and that the increase in
      norepinephrine in Group I after 3 days of treatment may limit these patients'
      late hemodynamic responses to the drug.

PMID- 6366291
TI  - [Biological effects of mineral fibers on lymphocytes in vitro. Comparative
      studies of asbestos and glass fibers].
AB  - The biological effects of asbestos and glass fibers on lymphocytes in vitro were
      investigated. Blastoid transformation and beta 2 microglobulin production of
      human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) induced by phytohemagglutinin were
      inhibited by Canadian chrysotile B (Standard sample of the Union Internationale
      Contre le Cancer; UICC standard sample) but it was not the case for crocidolite
      (UICC standard sample) and small and large glass fibers (John Manville, Canada).
      Cytotoxic activities of natural killer and killer cells of PBL were investigated
      using K562 cells and Chang liver cells as target cells respectively. Chrysotile
      inhibited the both activities but crocidolite and two kind of glass fibers not.
      In regard to release of lactic dehydrogenase and beta-glucuronidase from mouse
      peritoneal macrophages exposed to mineral fibers, chrysotile showed more
      effective reaction compared to crocidolite and amosite (UICC standard sample), on
      the other hand large glass fiber showed the similar reaction to chrysotile but
      small glass fiber and milled amosite did not induce any more enzymatic release
      than the control. In addition to chemical compositions of mineral fibers, the
      morphological characteristics were also discussed in relation to their biological
      effects.

PMID- 6366292
TI  - [Macro- and micro-rheology of blood circulation].

PMID- 6366293
TI  - [Image processing technics--focus on software. 1. Perspectives in biomedical
      image processing].

PMID- 6366294
TI  - [Hygienic supplies for women used from the end of the Meiji era to the early
      Showa period: accounts by women who grew up in the Meiji period].

PMID- 6366295
TI  - [Endless voyage. 16. Life of Ms. Shin Tanaka. Chapter 4. Women's battleground].

PMID- 6366296
TI  - [Endless voyage: life of Ms. Shin Tanaka. 17].

PMID- 6366297
TI  - [Research survey methods. 21. Drawing of graphs: 1. History of graphs and the
      basic rules in drawing].

PMID- 6366298
TI  - [Endless voyage. Life of Ms. Shin Tanaka. 18].

PMID- 6366299
TI  - [Gen-etsu Kagawa and his obstetric practice].

PMID- 6366300
TI  - [Endless voyage: life of Ms. Shin Tanaka. 12. Chapter 3. Glory of childbirth].

PMID- 6366301
TI  - [Endless voyage: life of Ms. Shin Tanaka. 15. Chapter 4. The battleground for
      women].

PMID- 6366303
TI  - [Amino acids and keto acids metabolism in kidney diseases].

PMID- 6366304
TI  - [Questions and answers in diabetes mellitus. 10. Insulin injection therapy].

PMID- 6366302
TI  - [Effect of captopril on renal vein plasma renin ratio--diagnosis and predicting
      response to surgery in renovascular hypertension].

PMID- 6366305
TI  - [Airway management and its checkpoints in the care of the patient with
      lobectomy].

PMID- 6366306
TI  - Appearance of fibronectin in rabbit cornea after thermal burn.
AB  - The sequence of the appearance of fibronectin in the rabbit cornea after thermal
      burn was investigated by indirect immunofluorescent microscopy. One day after
      thermal burn, the keratocytes disappeared completely from the burned area, and
      faint fibronectin-specific fluorescence was detected beneath the epithelium and
      on the stromal side of the Descemet's membrane. On day 3, activated keratocytes
      began to migrate to the burned lesion. Fibronectin was detected in the burned
      area as well as in the surrounding uninjured area, and on both sides of the
      Descemet's membrane. One week after the burn, the keratocytes had increased in
      the lesion and, concomitantly, fibronectin-specific fluorescence could be
      observed at the locations corresponding to the keratocytes. Fibronectin in the
      surrounding area gradually diminished. After 4 weeks, activated keratocytes had
      accumulated in the lesion, and fibronectin was detected only in the central
      lesion and at the level of the Descemet's membrane. Thus the appearance of
      fibronectin was concordant with the appearance of the keratocytes, and this
      suggests that fibronectin may be involved in the wound-healing of thermally
      burned rabbit corneas.

PMID- 6366307
TI  - Long-term observations of the graft endothelium with different postoperative
      courses.
AB  - Using a specular microscope and a pachymeter, we monitored endothelial cell
      patterns and central corneal thickness in 16 cases of clear graft with different
      postoperative courses for over 2 years after successful penetrating keratoplasty.
      With the use of a computerized digitizer, the graft endothelium was analyzed to
      determine the mean cell size, standard deviation of cell sizes and the
      coefficient of variation in cell size. In all cases, a progressive increase in
      the mean and standard deviation of cell sizes was noted throughout the period of
      observation. The coefficient of variation, however, stayed fairly constant in
      each case. This indicates that the increase in the standard deviation of cell
      sizes is dependent on the increase in the mean cell size. Five cases with good
      postoperative course showed gradual alterations in cellular morphology. On the
      other hand, the endothelium of 5 cases with surgical intervention after
      keratoplasty changed its morphology greatly until the corneal thickness
      approximated normal, and then the alterations continued to take place gradually.
      In 6 cases, a remarkable and rapid increase in the mean and standard deviation of
      cell sizes occurred during the rejection process. These parameters continued to
      increase gradually after the graft became transparent as the result of intensive
      corticosteroid therapy. These results suggest that the graft endothelium is still
      in a transitional state during healing even 2 years after keratoplasty, and that
      the morphologic parameters determined during the early postoperative period
      reflect the actual cell damage owing to surgical procedures to some extent but
      not exactly.

PMID- 6366308
TI  - Noradrenaline-induced secretions of pancreatic hormones in cold- and heat
      acclimated rats.
AB  - Effects of noradrenaline on the portal and aortic plasma pancreatic hormone
      concentrations were studied in the cold- and heat-acclimated rats in order to
      know possible roles of these hormones in temperature acclimation. Noradrenaline
      (NA) infusion (2 micrograms/min, i.v., 30 min) effected greater elevation of
      colonic temperature (Tc) in the cold-acclimated rats (CA) than in the warm
      controls (WC), and did not influence Tc in the heat-acclimated rats (HA) under
      hexobarbital anesthesia. Portal and aortic glucagon levels increased in the NA
      infused CA and HA, but no changes were observed in the NA-infused WC. NA-infusion
      did not affect the portal and aortic insulin levels in WC and CA, but increased
      aortic insulin level in HA. Aortic glycerol and free fatty acid (FFA) levels
      increased in all NA-infused groups. Portal and jugular vein FFA levels increased
      in NA-infused WC, but did not in NA-infused CA and HA. Neither NA infusion, nor
      glucagon was related to the elevation of Tc in HA. These results suggest that
      temperature acclimation modifies a glucagon-releasing action of NA and the NA
      released glucagon could cooperate with NA to enhance nonshivering thermogenesis
      in the cold.

PMID- 6366309
TI  - Regional pancreatectomy for cancer of the pancreas, ampulla and other related
      sites.
AB  - Regional pancreatectomy refers to an en bloc removal of a tumor in or adjacent to
      the pancreas with an adequate soft tissue margin and with its regional lymphatic
      drainage. The pancreatic segment of portal vein is part of the en bloc resection
      with venous reconstruction by end-to-end anastomosis without a graft. This
      operation, called a Type I regional pancreatectomy, may utilize either a total or
      subtotal removal of the pancreas. Localized arterial involvement by a neoplasm
      necessitates adding a segmental resection of the artery with vascular
      reconstruction, a Type II procedure. Sixty-one patients have had this procedure
      from 1972 through December 1982. Thirty-four patients had an infiltrating duct
      adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, 22 had other malignant tumors, 4 were classified
      as having pancreatitis, and a fifth had a pseudolymphoma. The resectability rate
      is about 30 per cent. The present operative mortality rate is 4 per cent by 30
      days and 8 per cent after 30 days. One-third of the patients are presently alive;
      45 per cent of the 22 patients with malignant tumors other than infiltrating duct
      adenocarcinoma of the pancreas are alive with a median survival time of 391/2
      months ranging from 3 to 92 months. More than 80 per cent of patients with
      infiltrating duct adenocarcinoma of the pancreas had advanced stage of the
      disease (T3 or T4 and Stage II or III cancers); twenty-one per cent are presently
      alive, 29 per cent died of recurrent disease, and 24 per cent died of other
      causes. The optimal treatment for patients with cancers in the region of the head
      of the pancreas is a regional subtotal pancreatectomy Type I or Type II followed
      by adjuvant chemotherapy.

PMID- 6366310
TI  - Invasive hemodynamic monitoring: an overview.

PMID- 6366312
TI  - Methemoglobinemia.

PMID- 6366311
TI  - The impaired nurse: chemical dependency.

PMID- 6366313
TI  - Iron overdose in a fifteen-month-old child.

PMID- 6366314
TI  - Nurses in government.

PMID- 6366315
TI  - Clinical assessment of the suicidal patient in the emergency department.

PMID- 6366317
TI  - Hickman catheter.

PMID- 6366316
TI  - Law and the ED nurse. Emergency nursing: standards of care.

PMID- 6366318
TI  - Patient classification in the emergency department.

PMID- 6366319
TI  - Psychotic reaction to procaine.

PMID- 6366320
TI  - Effect of BCG immunotherapy on N-nitroso-N-methylurea-induced carcinogenesis of
      guinea pig colon.
AB  - A total of 480 guinea pigs each received twice weekly intrarectal instillations
      of 1 mg N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) during 14-35 weeks (total dose NMU, 28-70
      mg) to induce colon neoplasms. At 24, 28, or 35 weeks after the start of NMU
      instillation, the distal colon was exposed by a ventral laparotomy and suspected
      neoplastic lesions were treated by one of four methods: A, intratumoral
      instillation of an emulsion of killed BCG cell walls attached to oil droplets; B,
      intratumoral instillation of a control emulsion of killed BCG cell walls in an
      aqueous phase rather than lipid phase; C, surgical excision of the colon lesion
      with formation of a ventral diverting colostomy; or D, sham operation (no
      treatment). All guinea pigs were allowed to recover from surgery and were then
      observed for a period of 1 year for the study of the effects of these treatments
      on NMU-induced colon neoplasms. Colon neoplasms were produced in 76% of all sham
      operated control guinea pigs, and the frequency of such neoplasms was dependent
      on the total dose of NMU. Most neoplasms were adenocarcinomas with invasion of
      the bowel wall but only approximately 5% of them metastasized. Treatment with BCG
      failed to alter the course of NMU-induced colon carcinogenesis, as determined by
      the frequency of colon neoplasia, the number, the gross, or microscopic
      characteristics of colon neoplasms, or the rate of survival.

PMID- 6366321
TI  - Sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancy.
AB  - The association of adverse pregnancy outcome with Treponema pallidum, Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae and herpes simplex infections is well known and specific
      recommendations for management have been formulated. However, other agents that
      are not so well known can be transmitted sexually and threaten an otherwise
      healthy pregnancy. These agents are discussed in order to make the nurse more
      aware of related maternal and fetal diseases.

PMID- 6366322
TI  - [Asbestos and histiocytic lymphoma. Mental disturbance after delivery].

PMID- 6366323
TI  - [A study on the social status of nurses in the modern history of nursing in Japan
      - development of the medical profession from the nursing viewpoint].

PMID- 6366324
TI  - [Recipients of Nightingale Medals: Sumire Ueda, Chie Shida and Chieno Kawada].

PMID- 6366325
TI  - [Age-related changes in prostacyclin and thromboxane B2 biosynthesis under normal
      conditions and in arterial hypertension].
AB  - An experimental radioisotopic study in normotensive male Wistar rats and
      spontaneously-hypertensive rats (SHR) of Okamoto--Aoki line demonstrated an age
      related increase in the biosynthesis of prostacycline (PGI2) from 14C-arachidonic
      acid by pulmonary and aortal tissues of animals with normal arterial pressure. In
      SHRs, PGI2 production by lung homogenates did not change essentially with age,
      but decreased considerably in adult SHRs with stable hypertension. PGI2
      biosynthesis by SHR's aortal tissue decreased with age and dropped significantly
      as arterial hypertension developed. In normotensive rats, the formation of
      thromboxane B2 (TxB2) by platelets increased with age. Platelet TxB2 biosynthesis
      was elevated considerably both in young and adult SHRs. Clinically, a significant
      increase of platelet TxB2 production from exogenous 14C-arachidonic acid was
      demonstrated in children with essential hypertension.

PMID- 6366326
TI  - [Reactivation of renin secretion by a contralateral kidney in the chronic phase
      of experimental renovascular hypertension].
AB  - When one renal artery is markedly narrowed, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is
      only suppressed at the initial stage of vasorenal hypertension in the
      contralateral kidney, and is reactivated during the chronic stage as manifested
      in normalized or increased total tissue content of active renin, its enhanced
      secretion and its activity in the outflowing blood. This kidney's RAS begins to
      have a prevailing effect on systemic RAS, while that of the ischemized kidney
      makes a smaller contribution. Similar changes can be observed in some animals
      with a moderately narrowed renal artery.

PMID- 6366327
TI  - [Description of hypertension more than 200 years ago].

PMID- 6366328
TI  - [Radiocardiography--methods and possibilities in newborn and older infants].

PMID- 6366329
TI  - [Surgical aspects of kidney transplantation in renovascular hypertension].

PMID- 6366330
TI  - [Osteoplasty in the surgical treatment of fractures and dislocations of the
      humerus].

PMID- 6366331
TI  - [Nikolai Markiianovich Volkovich (on the 125th anniversary of his birth)].

PMID- 6366332
TI  - [History of the founding and activity of the Odessa Medical Emergency Station].

PMID- 6366333
TI  - [Infections in diabetes (review of the literature)].

PMID- 6366334
TI  - [125th anniversary of the birth of G. I. Turner].

PMID- 6366335
TI  - [Transplantation of osseous tissue in tumors and orthopedic diseases of the lower
      extremities in late middle-aged and elderly persons].

PMID- 6366336
TI  - [Primary and delayed primary suture of the flexor tendons of the fingers].

PMID- 6366337
TI  - [Bacteriologic monitoring of the microflora of wounds during autodermoplasty of
      patients with thermal burns].

PMID- 6366338
TI  - [Resection of an aneurysm of the aortic arch].

PMID- 6366339
TI  - [Surgical treatment of post-traumatic arterial pseudoaneurysms and arteriovenous
      fistulas].

PMID- 6366340
TI  - [Role of angiography in the differential diagnosis of arterial hypertension after
      kidney transplantation].

PMID- 6366341
TI  - [Conservative therapy of echinococcosis--possibilities and limitations].

PMID- 6366342
TI  - [Problems of microbial contamination and sterility when administering drugs
      intravenously].

PMID- 6366343
TI  - [Biotransforming function of the liver and endotoxic shock].

PMID- 6366344
TI  - [Fluorometholon/tetryzoline in the treatment of conjunctival irritation].
AB  - The clinical efficacy of Efemoline eyedrops [fluourometholone (0.1%) +
      tetryzoline (0.25%)] and of fluorometholone 0.1% was investigated in a double
      blind controlled clinical trial in 35 patients (63 eyes) in treatment of the
      upper bulbus area and postoperatively after surgery for cataract, glaucoma and
      strabismus. Both drugs were effective inflammation inhibitors. The superiority of
      fluorometholone + tetryzoline over fluorometholone was evident: subjective
      symptoms improved much more quickly. No tendency toward elevation of intraocular
      pressure was found. The combined preparation was compatible and produced no side
      effects.

PMID- 6366345
TI  - [Prevention of cystoid macular edema using indomethacin eye drops].
AB  - The effect of 1% Indomethacine solution on the development of post-operative
      macular edema was examined. Starting from the day of the operation, the patients
      received 1 drop of either the solution or the placebo 4 times daily for 3 months.
      Using fluorescein angiography it was demonstrated that post-operative macular
      edema developed with a significantly lower incidence in patients treated with the
      prostaglandine inhibitor Indomethacin than in the control group. There was no
      noticeable difference between the 2 groups with regard to side-effects.

PMID- 6366346
TI  - [Prevention of cystoid macular edema following cataract extraction using local
      indomethacin application].
AB  - In a randomized, controlled study drops of 1% aqueous solution of indomethacin
      were compared to Placebo to assess efficacy in the prevention of cystoid macular
      edema. The study involved 124 patients who had undergone intracapsular cataract
      extraction and 40 patients with implanted lenses. The study parameters--visual
      acuity, biomicroscopy observations of the macula and fluorescein angiography-
      were assessed for three months postoperatively. The long-term course was reviewed
      by regular outpatient follow-up visits or by questionnaires completed by the
      patients' personal ophthalmologists. Fluorescein angiography could only be
      carried out in 13 of the 40 patients who had intraocular lenses. The relatively
      high incidence of secondary cataract or pupillary synechiae made technically
      perfect exposures difficult. In 73 patients with intracapsular extraction,
      fluorescein angiography showed a distinct diminution in the incidence of edema in
      the indomethacin group at all three observation periods (3, 6 and 12 weeks
      postoperatively). The difference compared with placebo was significant at weeks 6
      and 12. Ophthalmoscopically visible macular changes were rare. No evidence of
      edema was noted in any of the 51 patients who could not have fluorescein
      angiography for one reason or another. The visual acuity of patients who received
      indomethacin was not significantly different from that of those who received
      placebo. Furthermore, and this is important for the patients, in the group with
      proven edema no conclusion could be made about the effect of therapy on the
      severity and persistence of visual impairment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6366347
TI  - [Bullous dermatoses with special reference to the symptomatology of the eyelids
      in pemphigus vulgaris].
AB  - Among the bullous dermatoses the pemphigus group, the pemphigoids have to be
      distinguished from the hereditary epidermolyses. Immune-histological examinations
      are of paramount importance for the differential diagnosis between pemphigus
      vulgaris and cicatricial pemphigoid. This paper describes symmetrical erosions of
      the edges of the eyelids and adjacent skin which have their origin in transient
      vesicle formations, and classifies them as a partial symptom of the overall
      pemphigus vulgaris complex. High doses of cortison can re-epithelialize these
      troublesome and cosmetically unpleasant erosions.

PMID- 6366348
TI  - [Ring-intubation set for bicanalicular intubation (Murube del Castillo technic)].
AB  - A new intubation set for the lacrimal canaliculi is described. The set consists
      of a silicon tube 0.64 mm thick containing a 4-0 Suturamid conducting filament.
      The silicon tube is conical and is attached to the filament with glue. Thus, the
      entire system can be introduced very easily into the lacrimal punctae and through
      the canaliculi in the way described by Murube del Castillo.

PMID- 6366349
TI  - [Intravenous digital subtraction angiography. New possibilities of vascular
      studies in ophthalmology].

PMID- 6366350
TI  - [Experimental studies on the use of intravenous digital subtraction angiography
      in observations on blood vessels of the orbit and eye].

PMID- 6366351
TI  - [Changes in the central and peripheral retina in patients after kidney
      transplantation].

PMID- 6366352
TI  - [Electroretinographic evaluation of retinal function in patients after kidney
      transplantation].

PMID- 6366353
TI  - [History of cataract extraction. 3. The 19th and 20th centuries].

PMID- 6366354
TI  - [Use of indomethacin in patients with a gastrointestinal form of salmonellosis].

PMID- 6366355
TI  - [Clinico-laboratory characteristics of moderately severe forms of Yersinia
      infection].

PMID- 6366356
TI  - [Emotiogenic diseases and disorders of the internal organs].

PMID- 6366357
TI  - [Disorders of the local pulmonary defense system].

PMID- 6366359
TI  - [A survey of school health articles appearing in the Korean Nurse analyzed by
      content and year].

PMID- 6366358
TI  - [Effect of treatment with ventolin and becotide on ventilation and hemodynamics
      in patients with bronchial asthma].

PMID- 6366360
TI  - [Central circulation in the healthy human being during 7 days of head-down tilt
      and decompression of different body areas].
AB  - The effect of 7-day head-down tilt (-15 degrees) and decompression of various
      body parts (lower body-LBNP, upper body in the area of the hydrostatically
      indifferent point-UBNP, and local negative pressure applied to both calves-LNP)
      on central circulation was investigated on eight healthy test subjects who, for
      10 days, had catheters (Swan-Ganz) implanted into the pulmonary and radial
      arteries. It was shown that, when calculated by square centimeter of the
      decompression area, the effect of UBNP on central venous pressure (CVP) and
      pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) was 3-4 times greater than that of LBNP or LNP.
      This indicates a high sensitivity of this body part to the exposure. During the 7
      day study, CVP and PAP showed the most distinct changes. By the 7th hour of the
      head-down tilt study, CVP remained unchanged and systolic PAP increased by 5.5 mm
      Hg (27%) (p less than 0.05). This was paralleled by a decrease of plasma
      aldosterone and renin. By the 2nd day of the study, CVP and PAP were close to the
      pretest level; on the 3rd day, they began to decline and remained about 3 mm Hg
      lower than the pretest values to the end of the study (p less than 0.05). During
      this same period, the contractility of the right heart (the mean rate of right
      ventricular pressure increment) decreased by 34% (p less than 0.05) and its work
      by 27% (p less than 0.05). By the 24th hour after the study (the recovery
      period), CVP and PAP were close to the pretest values, whereas heart rate,
      cardiac index and oxygen tension in the mixed venous blood were significantly
      higher than the pretest values (p less than 0.05). The factors responsible for
      these changes and the potential application of the catheterization technique in
      biomedical investigations during real space flight are discussed.

PMID- 6366361
TI  - Characterization of the mononuclear cell infiltrate in piecemeal necrosis.

PMID- 6366362
TI  - Morphometric analysis of biologic processes.

PMID- 6366363
TI  - Lymphocyte subpopulations at the site of "piecemeal" necrosis in end stage
      chronic liver diseases and rejecting liver allografts in cyclosporine-treated
      patients.
AB  - Mononuclear cells in the areas of "piecemeal" necrosis in hepatic tissues from
      patients with different liver diseases were subtyped using monoclonal antibodies
      and the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. T lymphocytes were the
      predominant infiltrating cell type in this lesion (greater than 75% of
      mononuclear cells) regardless of the etiology of the liver disease. M1-positive
      cells represented about 20% of the infiltrate. B cells were absent and rare Leu-7
      positive cells (killer, natural killer) showed random tissue distribution in both
      the periportal areas and the parenchyma. In contrast, the T8+ (suppressor
      cytotoxic) lymphocytes accumulated selectively in the areas of piecemeal
      necrosis, where the tissue T4/T8 ratios were consistently less than 1. T8+
      lymphocytes were also more numerous than T4+ cells around the hepatitis B surface
      antigen-positive hepatocytes in piecemeal necrotic areas of livers from patients
      with hepatitis B surface antigen-positive chronic active hepatitis. In liver
      tissues of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, alcoholic cirrhosis, chronic
      active hepatitis, and rejecting liver allografts, selective accumulations of T8+
      lymphocytes at the sites of hepatocyte necrosis were a characteristic and uniform
      finding. This subpopulation of lymphocytes may be an important part of the
      immunologically mediated destruction of hepatocytes that occurs in chronic active
      liver diseases and is characterized by piecemeal necrosis.

PMID- 6366364
TI  - Methods in laboratory investigation. Application of test substances to the
      surface of rat liver in situ: opposite effects of insulin and isoproterenol on
      cellular autophagy.
AB  - Small plastic rings were applied to the surface of intact rat liver and used as
      microvessels in short-term experiments (10 to 20 minutes) for the local surface
      application of test substances. Tissue within the ring was then fixed using OsO4
      in phosphate buffer. Excellent ultrastructural preservation of hepatocytes and
      sinusoids, including their contents, was obtained in the superficial tissue
      layer. By combining this method with quantitative electron microscopy we found
      that insulin decreased the volume fraction and numerical density of autophagic
      vacuoles, in comparison with control areas of the same livers exposed to Ringer's
      solution alone. Isoproterenol had opposite effects. One of the advantages of this
      method is that counterregulation, which must always be considered following
      systemic application of test substances, can be excluded as a possible
      explanation of the effects observed.

PMID- 6366365
TI  - Growth of Mycobacterium leprae in nude mice.
AB  - Athymic nude mice were introduced in our laboratories in 1982. In this paper
      results over one year period of nude mice inoculated with small numbers of M.
      leprae are described. In this study we showed that 1 X 10(4) M. leprae with low
      numbers of viable bacilli inoculated into hind foot pads of nude mice housed both
      in vinyl plastic isolators and "clean room" conditions had the ability to grow
      and reach remarkable levels. There was dissemination of the infection to other
      uninoculated foot pads by six months.

PMID- 6366366
TI  - Composite skin contact smears in multi-bacillary leprosy patients.

PMID- 6366367
TI  - Children's literature in the school health education program.
AB  - Children's literature covers a wide range of topics, themes and issues that can
      help children in the elementary school health education program develop an
      awareness of personal and public health. A model for selecting and evaluating
      fictional stories and informational books that deal with topics included in the
      health education curriculum, giving particular attention to book selections that
      treat nutrition and environmental issues, is presented in this paper.

PMID- 6366368
TI  - Perception of distorted "R" sounds in the synthesized speech of children and
      adults.
AB  - Adult and Child manifolds were generated by synthesizing 5 X 5 matrices of /Cej/
      type utterances in which F2 and F3 frequencies were systematically varied.
      Manifold stimuli were presented to 11 graduate-level speech-language pathology
      students in two conditions: (a) a rating condition in which stimuli were rated on
      a 4-point scale between good /r/ and good /w/; and (b) a labeling condition in
      which stimuli were labeled as "R," "W," "distorted R," or "N" (for none of the
      previous choices). It was found that (a) stimuli with low F2 and high F3
      frequencies were rated 1.0-1.4; those with high F2 and low F3 frequencies were
      rated 3.6-4.0 were labeled as "R"; (c) none of the Child manifold stimuli were
      labeled as distorted "R" and one of the Adult manifold stimuli approached a level
      of identification that approached the percentage of identification for "R" and
      "W"; and (d) rating and labeling tasks were performed with a high degree of
      reliability.

PMID- 6366369
TI  - Comparison of speech-language pathologists' and naive subjects' identification of
      synthesized /r-w/ continua.
AB  - Two 9-step continua varying in F2 and F3 frequencies between exemplary /r/ and
      /w/ were synthesized to represent child and adult talkers. Stimuli from the full
      and truncated versions of the continua were presented to naive subjects in
      Experiment 1 and to speech-language pathologists in Experiment 2. Shifts from
      full range continua category boundaries occurred in Experiment 1 for both
      truncated "R" and truncated "W" conditions and in a direction opposite to the
      truncated end of the continuum. The results of Experiment 2 indicated that the
      full-range category boundaries for speech-language pathologists differed from
      those for naive subjects but that the boundary shift for truncated "R" was as
      great as that for naive subjects and the boundary shift for truncated "W" was
      greater than that for naive subjects. These findings indicate that speech
      language pathologists are more likely than naive individuals to judge ambiguous
      /r/ sounds as "W" and that the phonetic judgments of speech-language pathologists
      about /r/ sounds are no more stable than those of naive subjects.

PMID- 6366370
TI  - An attributional model of supervisors' decision-making behavior in speech
      language pathology.
AB  - An attributional model of speech-language pathology supervisors' decision-making
      behavior based on Weiner's achievement motivation attributional model was
      applied. Forty-six supervisors were asked to imagine hypothetical good or poor
      therapy sessions and to cite causes for the session's outcome, request
      information to understand the outcome better, and suggest actions they would take
      in response to the particular outcome. Results indicated that clinician
      attributions were cited most frequently and few client, supervisor, or other
      attributions were made. Clinician factors were generally described in terms of
      planning behaviors, instructional behaviors, and strategies. Session outcomes
      were attributed primarily to factors controllable by the participants and were
      expected to vary over time. Supervisors most frequently requested information
      about the clinician, client, and structure of therapy. They suggested actions
      that focused primarily on the clinician, occurred after the session, and were
      directed by the supervisor. Supervisors' causal attributions, information
      requests, and action responses differed for good and poor sessions. Implications
      for supervisory practice are discussed.

PMID- 6366371
TI  - Direct magnitude estimation and interval scaling of stuttering severity.
AB  - The appropriateness of direct magnitude estimation and interval scaling for
      assessing stuttering severity was investigated by determining whether the
      continuum of the stutterers' judged severity was prothetic or metathetic. As
      operationally defined by Stevens, prothetic continua show a curvilinear relation
      between magnitude estimates and interval scale values of the same set of stimuli,
      whereas metathetic continua show a linear relation between these scale values.
      The stuttering severity of 20 stutterers was scaled by three groups of 15
      listeners who used interval scaling, direct magnitude estimation with
      standard/modulus, and direct magnitude estimation without standard/modulus. The
      results indicated that the two sets of direct magnitude estimation scale values
      were related to the interval scale values in the curvilinear fashion that is
      typical of prothetic continua. These findings suggest that direct magnitude
      estimation is preferable to interval scaling for measuring stuttering severity.

PMID- 6366372
TI  - Force transducers for the evaluation of labial, lingual, and mandibular motor
      impairments.
AB  - Three transducers were developed for evaluating lip, tongue, and jaw muscle force
      control in individuals with motor speech disorders. The rationale for the
      development of these transducers was based upon the hypothesized need for
      clinical assessment of the individual motor subsystems of the speech production
      mechanism. To provide an indication of the utility of these devices, exemplary
      force control data from adults with Parkinson's disease and spastic cerebral
      palsy are provided. Observations of differential force control impairment in the
      labial, lingual, and mandibular subsystems of these dysarthric individuals
      supported the rationale for this development. Observations were made also
      concerning the utility of these nonspeech measures for predicting speech motor
      dysfunction.

PMID- 6366373
TI  - Pulmonary edema: reversal by ultrafiltration.
AB  - Ultrafiltration, the process by which plasma water is removed from the blood was
      utilized to determine its effect on lowering lung water in pulmonary edema
      produced by fluid overload, steam inhalation, and endotoxin. Lung water was
      measured by the thermal-dye indicator dilution technique which correlated well
      with lung water measured gravimetrically over a wide range (r = 0.95). Edema was
      produced by fluid overload in five mongrel dogs (Group I), by steam inhalation
      (Group II), and by endotoxin (Group III). Extravascular lung water (EVLW) rose
      significantly (P = less than 0.05) from control levels with the production of the
      edematous states (Group I: 8.0 ml/kg (mean) +/- 1.9 (SD) to 13.1 +/- 1.9); (Group
      II: 8.1 +/- 1.0 to 10.7 +/- 0.7); (Group III: 7.4 +/- 0.9 to 10.3 +/- 1.2). EVLW
      then fell significantly (P = less than 0.05) after ultrafiltration in all three
      groups (Group I: 8.9 +/- 2.4; Group II: 7.8 +/- 1.9; Group III: 7.7 +/- 1.4).
      Ultrafiltration was effective in reversing pulmonary edema and may have clinical
      application when excess lung water interferes with cardiac or pulmonary function.

PMID- 6366374
TI  - Renal artery flow velocity analysis: a sensitive measure of experimental and
      clinical renovascular resistance.
AB  - Renal artery flow velocity analysis has recently been shown to be an indicator of
      renal parenchymal resistance. Noninvasive measurement of graded renovascular
      resistance is investigated with experimental models of canine gel microsphere
      embolization (n = 15), canine renal allografts (n = 4), and clinical renal
      allografts (n = 6). Intraoperative pulsed Doppler recordings were made on the
      canine renal artery simultaneous to pressure and flow measurements with
      sequentially increasing resistance. Transcutaneous echo-Doppler (Duplex)
      measurements were made on acute patient renal allografts following chemical
      estimation of renal function. Noninvasive prediction of renovascular resistance
      in the experimental canine gel microsphere and allograft models correlates with
      invasive recordings of volume flow (pressure nearly constant), r = 0.93 and r =
      0.90, respectively. Duplex estimation of clinical renal allograft resistance and
      chemical prediction of renal function are similarly interdependent, r = 0.81.
      Directional arterial flow analysis may be a useful indicator of native and acute
      allograft renovascular resistance.

PMID- 6366375
TI  - Gastric mucosal blood flow: its measurement and importance in mucosal defense
      mechanisms.

PMID- 6366377
TI  - Early alcoholism treatment: the Emmanuel Movement and Richard Peabody.
AB  - The history of alcoholism treatment in the early twentieth century is outlined.
      The methods of the Emmanuel Movement and of Richard Peabody are described,
      biographical details of their main practitioners are given, the populations
      treated are described, and the predecessors and successors of the two methods are
      discussed. In addition, the two methods are compared with each other and with the
      methods of Alcoholics Anonymous and Freudian psychoanalysis. The founder of the
      E. Movement was a clergyman, Dr. Elwood Worcester, whose method was designed to
      treat a variety of neurotic disorders. He felt that all diseases, including
      alcoholism, had physical, mental and spiritual components. His principal
      techniques of relaxation therapy and suggestion (including autosuggestion) were
      used to reach the unconscious. Worcester felt that alcoholics could be helped by
      redirecting their attention away from their problems to a life of service and
      spirituality. Prayer, group support and self-help were important. Worcester tried
      to reduce patients' guilt and rejected temperance preaching. He felt that
      recovery must come from surrender to external forces and to the healing
      capacities of the unconscious. One patient of his, Courtenay Baylor, began to
      work with him at the E. Church. Like Worcester, Baylor believed that alcohol, and
      not one's life history, caused alcoholism. Baylor believed that alcoholism
      resulted from mental and physical "tenseness" and, like Worcester, he used
      relaxation therapy. He believed in giving a longer period of treatment than did
      Worcester and in providing more treatment for the families of alcoholics. One of
      Baylor's most famous patients was Peabody. Peabody had no credentials but he
      refined and professionalized the E. treatment method. He was a strong believer in
      the control of one's feelings and in increased efficiency--his patients were told
      to follow detailed time plans. He believed that early family history caused
      alcoholism. Like the E. Movement, he felt that relaxation, suggestion and
      catharsis were important. Unlike the E. Movement, he regarded the unconscious as
      an obstacle. His method was also less spiritual. His philosophy seemed to have
      been derived from the mind-cure movement, including New Thought; he was not
      interested in the body. The fact that the practitioners of the Emmanuel and
      Peabody methods were not physicians is discussed. The treatment success of both
      methods is unclear.

PMID- 6366376
TI  - Neuropsychological deficits in alcoholics: etiological considerations.
AB  - The literature on the causes of neuropsychological deficits (NDs) in alcoholics
      is reviewed. It is asserted that NDs are caused not simply by the neurotoxicity
      of alcohol but by the interrelationships of various factors. NDs might thus
      reflect problems antecedent to or concomitant with alcoholism and not just the
      consequences of alcohol use. The family histories of alcoholics have shown that a
      differential susceptibility to NDs might have a genetic basis. NDs might also be
      due to the fetal alcohol syndrome. Children who eventually become alcoholics have
      been shown to be more impulsive and hyperactive than other children, factors
      related to NDs. There seem to be multiple pathways leading to NDs--two ND
      syndromes, an acceleration of the normal aging process and an amnesic syndrome,
      seem to be a consequence of alcoholism. Depression and sociopathy are
      independently related to both alcoholism and NDs, so causal attributions are
      difficult to determine. The contribution of head injury to NDs in alcoholics
      might also be important. NDs in alcoholics suffering from liver disease seem to
      be caused in part by the liver disease and not the alcoholism per se. Liver
      disease is also associated with nutritional deficiencies which, in turn, can
      produce certain NDs. Dysfunction in several neurological mechanisms has been
      shown to be related to alcohol consumption. However, neuronal metabolism,
      metabolizing enzymes, membrane permeability, neurotransmitters, endocrine
      function, cerebrovascular pathology and cerebrospinal pathology have not been
      found to be related to NDs. The effect of congeners has not been
      investigated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6366378
TI  - An analysis of chemotherapy for colorectal carcinoma.
AB  - Five-fluorouracil (5-FU) has become the standard chemotherapeutic agent for the
      treatment of advanced colorectal carcinoma. It has been used as a single agent
      and in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of
      advanced disease. Conflicting experiences have been reported with all these
      therapeutic programs and a review of these studies reveals failure to take into
      consideration the factors determining survival and response. These factors
      consist of performance status, weight loss, hepatomegaly, previous chemotherapy
      treatment, prior radiotherapy treatment, and resected versus unresected
      primaries. The purpose of this study is to examine the various claims for
      therapeutic efficacy of drugs used in all stages of colorectal carcinoma. This
      will consist of a review of single agent systemic chemotherapy for advanced
      colorectal carcinoma, combination chemotherapy for advanced colorectal carcinoma,
      regional infusion, and adjuvant chemotherapy following curative resection.

PMID- 6366379
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation performed as first-time treatment in two cases of
      secondary acute myeloid leukemia.
AB  - Two young patients with secondary acute myeloid leukemia were treated with
      allogeneic bone marrow transplantation as first-line treatment for their disease.
      High dose cytosine arabinoside was added to the conventional preparative regiment
      of cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation. No major problems were
      encountered to the immediate post-transplantation period. Complete remission of
      the acute myeloid leukemia was noted in both patients, with no evidence of
      recurrent disease at 15+ and 13 months. One patient developed severe pancytopenia
      10 months after grafting with the presence of antibodies against platelets and
      granulocytes from the bone marrow donor. She died 3 months later from a
      generalised Aspergillus septicemia, probably precipitated by therapy with high
      doses of methylprednisolone. The other patient is alive in excellent clinical
      condition and in hematologic remission. Bone marrow transplantation must be taken
      into consideration as first-line therapy in any young patient who is suffering
      from a refractory type of leukemia and who has a suitable donor.

PMID- 6366380
TI  - The interpretation of significance tests for independent and dependent samples.
AB  - The assumptions upon which a correct interpretation of the t-test depends are
      rarely fulfilled by data from the neurosciences. This applies to both independent
      and correlated samples. The Mann-Whitney U-test is suggested as an alternative
      for the t-test for independent samples. The way in which significant results from
      this test should be interpreted is discussed. The Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed
      ranks test is not suggested as an alternative for the t-test for correlated
      samples, since significant results can occur with this test, even when there are
      no differences between the distributions of the two samples tested. A
      modification of the U-test for dependent samples is proposed instead. The use of
      the latter test, and of the U-test, is illustrated by numerical examples from
      real data.

PMID- 6366381
TI  - Visualization of HRP-filled axons in unsectioned, flattened optic tecta of frogs.
AB  - In order to trace individual axons in the tectum, a curved structure, we have
      modified the HRP method of Adams for use on unsectioned, flattened tecta. Filled
      axons appear dark and uniformly filled and can be followed without the necessity
      for reconstructions from serial sections.

PMID- 6366383
TI  - One minute with diabetes.

PMID- 6366382
TI  - Mechanisms for the initiation and promotion of carcinogenesis: a review and a new
      concept.
AB  - Carcinogenesis in humans is a multistage process, and the two major stages have
      been designated initiation and promotion. Although the biochemical basis for
      initiation and promotion remains to be established, recent research has provided
      important insights into potentially significant biologic mechanisms. These data
      are reviewed, and a new concept of carcinogenesis is presented. This concept
      suggests that the initiation of carcinogenesis may result from cellular
      immortalization and the development of defects in the integrated control of stem
      cell proliferation and differentiation and that the promotion of carcinogenesis
      may result when such initiated stem cells develop aberrant autoregulatory growth
      control properties.

PMID- 6366384
TI  - [Angiokeratomas. Apropos of 8 cases].
AB  - Eight patients with angiokeratomas are reported; three of them with angiokeratoma
      circumscriptum present at birth, three angiokeratoma Fordyce type with vulvar
      location, another one with scrotum location all these appeared by the third
      decade and the other one a solitary angiokeratoma which age of onset was forty
      one years. The clinical and histopathological aspects of the angiokeratoma are
      studied.

PMID- 6366385
TI  - [Florid papillomatosis of the oral mucosa with bone invasiveness. Anatomo
      clinical review of 66 cases of oral florid papillomatosis studied in 20 years].
AB  - Sixty-six cases of P.F. of the mouth cavity have been studied. Osseous maxillary
      invasion (attack) has been detected (discovered) in five patients. It could be
      determined that in the first three patients the P.F. was originated in the
      maxillary sinus but in its development it destroyed bone walls and emerged in the
      mouth cavity. Moreover, in one of the patients it drilled the mucous of the surco
      naso-geniano outwards. In the other two cases left something attracted our
      attention the osseous destruction a invasive squamous x rayed was more important
      than the damage of the mucous membranes. In the last case a change of P.F. into a
      carcinoma epidermoide infiltrante was produced after cytostatic treatment; this
      was already published by us. The percentage of the bone invasion of the oral
      squamous all carcinoma is similar to the Papillomatosis Florida.

PMID- 6366386
TI  - [Puvatherapy and systemic lupus erythematosus].
AB  - An unusual case characterized by autoimmune hemolytic anemia, fever,
      polyarthralgias, was developed after PUVAtherapy. Investigation revealed ESR
      accelerated, complement consumption, diminished levels of C4 and C3, high levels
      of ANA were detected. In recent years, lupus erythematosus like syndrome was
      related with photosensitivity provoked by PUVA-therapy. Long-wave ultraviolet
      light was consider a precipitating factor in the development of autoimmune
      phenomena. On the contrary, in other researches suggests that PUVA induced
      alterations are not antigenic this discrepancy remains to be clarified. However
      this iatrogenic risk must be avoided with a clinical and serological controls.

PMID- 6366387
TI  - [Recurrent digital fibromatosis in children].
AB  - We present two cases of recurrent digital fibromatosis, one of them presented
      lesions since birth, aun the other one since seven months of age. The first case
      was treated surgically, with relapses and marked deformities. The second one
      underwent only biopsy. Histopathologic examination showed active fibroblasts, in
      whorl disposition, and intracytoplasmic inclusions in both cases. By its natural
      evolution, we believe that recurrent infantile digital fibromatosis has an
      initial stage, a tumoral or hyperplastic stage, and finally spontaneous
      evolution, which explains the fact that it is not found in adults.

PMID- 6366388
TI  - [Paracoccidioidomycosis].
AB  - The author studies the entrances of Pb, the way it spreads through the body,
      showing charts that demonstrate the value of lympho-hematogenic dissemination.

PMID- 6366389
TI  - [Generalized Mibelli's porokeratosis in transformation to spinocellular
      carcinoma. Clinical, histologic and ultrastructural study. Favorable response to
      RO-109359].
AB  - Two cases of Disseminated Poroqueratosis of Mibelli with squamous cell
      carcinomata development of many lesions are reported. Histopathological findings
      showed us the typical structure of the cornoid limella. Ultrastructural features
      are described with increased number of Langerhans" cells. Treatment in both cases
      was RO-109359. Squamous cell carcinomata were treated by surgical excision.

PMID- 6366390
TI  - [Post-traumatic nodular scleroderma].
AB  - Scleroderma of rare appearance in children appears in minor scale as to the five
      per cent on the whole incidence of this collagen disease. The children usually
      present localized scleroderma and at times associated with other pathologies,
      traumatisms and injections were referred. Two patients aged 5 and 13 years old
      are presented, both with nodular lesions on anterolateral thigh area, and in the
      right buttock respectively. The patches of a side bigger than the palm of hand
      were only touchable and the skin that covered them only showed a slight
      hyperpigmentation in the edge in one of the cases. The limits were not precise
      and the nodulose surface was irregular. The evolution was as of two and three
      years, right after inoculation of antitetanical vaccination and puncture thorn of
      Yuca leaves. The histological control showed intensive phenomenons of
      fibrohyalinosis covering almost all the dermis. The studies of the laboratories
      didn't produce interesting data. The histological and clinical set of symptoms
      shows differences with the esclerodermic like states as a consequence of
      excipient of vitamin K, B 12, norhydroxprogesterone and anti-tetanic serum, in
      which they settle in the cellular subcutaneous tissue and they involution
      spontaneously. There are also differences with the paniculitis artefacta and with
      the lincar morphea associated to bifid spine. At last the authors make special
      mention of the case described by Desmons of progressive linear scleroderma right
      after the triple vaccination. The nodular or subcutaneous scleroderma is a
      clinical form in which the histological alteration decays in deep dermis and
      superficial hypodermis. The cases shown suggest a conection between a previous
      traumatism and the nodular scleroderma.

PMID- 6366391
TI  - [Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Report of a case].
AB  - The author describes a case of Peutz-Jeghers' Syndrome, an affection determined
      by a dominant autosomic gene and which is characterized by pigmentation of the
      skin and mucosas associated with gastrointestinal polyposis; further it is to be
      reminded that in distinct pathologies it is also possible to observe the presence
      of skin lesions and the imperilment of internal organs.

PMID- 6366392
TI  - [Polypoid pseudosarcoma of the tongue].
AB  - Polypoid pseudosarcoma (PP) is a rare type of squamous-cell carcinoma of mouth,
      fauces and larynx with sarcoma-like reaction. Clinically PP is characterized by
      large pedunculated or sessile masses of rapid growing. This tumour recurs easily
      but rarely provokes metastasis. A case of polypoid pseudosarcoma of the tongue is
      reported. Differential diagnosis with spindle-cell carcinoma can be made
      following the criteria: a) the frequency and the sarcomatous appearance of the
      metastasis in the spindle-cell carcinoma, while PP rarely provokes metastasis
      which have a squamous-cell pattern; b) the gradual transition within the
      epithelial and the sarcomatous aspects in the spindle-cell carcinoma, not present
      in PP; and c) the presence of tonofilaments and desmosomes in the sarcomatous
      cells of the spindle-cell carcinoma, which lack in the sarcoma-like masses of PP.

PMID- 6366393
TI  - [Mycosis fungoides. Clinical study and immunologic response to chemotherapy in 2
      cases].
AB  - We have presented a study of two cases of Mycosis Fungoides with special emphasis
      on the staging of the disease as well as on the immunological findings and their
      modification with chemotherapy. Our objective, to relate the immunological
      response to clinical evolution, proposes a way of determining prognosis in the
      evolution of this poorly understood disease.

PMID- 6366394
TI  - [Neuro-oculo-cutaneous syndrome with multiple sebaceous nevi. Presentation of a
      case].
AB  - The authors present a case of multiple sebaceous naevi associated with severe
      mental retardation and ocular lesions in a six month-old female. Several elevated
      yellowish lesions were present in the skin of the face and an extensive atrophic
      lesion was observed in the scalp. Histopathological examination of the elevated
      yellowish plaque disclosed hyperplasia of mature sebaceous glands. In the linear
      lesion it was observed hyperplasia of hypotrophic sebaceous glands. Otherwise in
      the atrophic lesion of the scalp atrophy of the dermis associated with marked
      hypoplasia of the skin appendages was observed. The authors believe that the
      different cutaneous pathological aspects of this syndrome are related to the
      clinical morphology of the lesions and not to the age of the patient. The
      ophthalmological examination revealed bilateral optic atrophy, bilateral
      choristomas of the conjuntiva and a coloboma of the choroid and retina in the
      right eye. A review of the literature revealed eleven cases of sebaceous naevi
      associated with neurologic and/or ocular manifestations but only three cases of
      the neuro-oculo-cutaneous syndrome. The present case probably represents the
      fourth case of this syndrome in the literature.

PMID- 6366395
TI  - [The hypertrophic scar].
AB  - The authors briefly review the literature about hypertrophic scars, emphasizing
      the etiopathogenesis and treatments, taking in account, the good therapeutic
      results of pressure-treated scars.

PMID- 6366396
TI  - [Woolly hair. Apropos of 5 cases].
AB  - Five cases of Woolly hair, three generalised, and two localised are reported. On
      the first two, we carried out trichogrammes which were studied with polarized
      light, and on all five, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). The data obtained
      coincided with previous descriptions (Pseudomonilethrix images, Pili torti,
      Trichorrhexis nodosa, reduced hair diameter, oval section following transversal
      cut, and a wavy-line disposition), although we emphasize the smaller number of
      layers of cuticle cells following the transversal cut, and the presence of
      Trichonodosis, not previously refered.

PMID- 6366397
TI  - [Myxedema tuberosum atypicum (Jadassohn-Doesserkker, 1916) in the clinical
      picture of the myxodermias and in the normal course of Graves-Basedow's disease].
AB  - An extraordinary case: large cutaneous tumors, intense "endocrine" exophthalmos,
      macroglossia, acropachie, pretibial mucinosis, diffuse myxodermia, symptoms of
      systemic involvement.

PMID- 6366398
TI  - [Chromomycosis. Treatment with a combination of thiabendazole and 5
      fluorocytosine, 6-year follow-up].
AB  - The results of the treatment of 30 cases of chromomycosis (fonsecal pedrosoi)
      with Thiabendazole (1 g.) and 5. Fluorocytosine (4 g.) are reported. The medium
      rate of healing was 7,63 months. This treatment was effective in 25 of 30 cases
      (83 por 100) and ono-effective in 3 (10 por 100). In 2 cases recurrences occurred
      (6,66 por 100).

PMID- 6366399
TI  - [The Rubino reaction. Criterion for inactivation in lepromatous patients].
AB  - Approximately 55% of active lepromatous patients respond positively to the Rubino
      reaction. With arrested cases this rate of positivity lowers considerably to
      about 15%. In an effort to associate this reaction with the presence of bacilli,
      a study of 796 cases was undertaken. The patients were divided into: a control
      group, active tuberculoid cases, arrested tuberculoid cases, active borderline
      cases, arrested borderline cases, active lepromatous cases, and arrested
      lepromatous cases. The patients were submitted to the following tests: Rubino
      reaction, presence of cryoglobulins, and VDRL and PCR positivity. By the results
      obtained we may conclude that: a) A positive Rubino reaction may be present in
      all the forms of leprosy studied, this reaction having an inverse relationship
      with the organism's resistance to "M. leprae". b) The Rubino reaction has
      specificity to leprosy. c) This reaction does not depend on the number of bacilli
      present in the host. d) A positive Rubino reaction is not related to the presence
      of cryoglobulins in the serum, nor to VDRL or PCR positivity, nor to the length
      of time the patient's disease has been arrested. The authors present these
      findings and suggest that this reaction be used as one of the criteria for
      determining cure.

PMID- 6366400
TI  - [Mycetoma in northern Argentina].
AB  - From 1972 to October 1982 we have observed 39 cases of mycetoma in the Skin
      Department of the Hospital del Milagro, Salta (Argentina). The diagnosis was
      based on the clinical aspect, mycological studies and in most cases
      histopathology was done as well. The mayoritary of the patients were farmers.
      From the clinical point of view there si a true prevalence of Nocardia
      Brasiliensis. Most of the mycetomas can be found in the lower limbs. Some of the
      patients presented quite severe lesions and eight of them had bone involvement.
      The combination of long action sulphas with sulphonas has been efficient enough
      in the treatment of mycetomas caused by Nocardia Brasiliensis.

PMID- 6366401
TI  - [Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of the skin].
AB  - The authors present the case of an 18 years old male patient with a tumor
      localized in the skin of the nose, which had a fast evolution provoking in a
      month regional metastases. Histologically it proved to be an alveolar
      rhabdomyosarcoma. The clinical and histopathological characters are described,
      and considerations about the origin of this tumor are made.

PMID- 6366402
TI  - The clinical significance of the effects of cigarette smoking on drug
      disposition.
AB  - Cigarette smoking is one of a number of environmental factors that contribute to
      interindividual variations in response to an administered drug. Polycyclic
      aromatic hydrocarbons present in cigarette smoke induce hepatic aryl hydrocarbon
      hydroxylase and cytochrome P448 and increased levels of these enzymes are
      responsible for a higher metabolic clearance of drugs which are substrates for
      these enzymes. The clinical significance of this induction is greatest for those
      drugs with a low therapeutic index such as theophylline. In some cases a
      modification of the normal therapeutic dose is justified to maintain adequate
      control. The magnitude of the effect of cigarette smoking on the induction of
      hepatic metabolic activity has been linked with age for a number of drugs
      including theophylline, some benzodiazepines and propranolol. Generally, the
      inductive effect is smaller in the elderly but, as there is no direct correlation
      between chronological age and physiological age, it is imperative that age and
      smoking habits be treated as individual sources of intersubject variation in
      pharmacokinetics and that this be borne in mind in the evaluation of new drugs
      and the safe clinical use of existing ones.

PMID- 6366404
TI  - The hypotensive effect of captopril in hypertensive patients is age-related.
AB  - The hypotensive action of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril
      was investigated in 13 hypertensive patients in relation to their age, body
      weight, the pretreatment level of plasma renin activity (PRA), serum creatinine
      concentration and suppression of angiotensin II (PA II) by captopril. Captopril
      was administered in biweekly doubling doses (15 mg, 50 mg and finally 100 mg
      t.i.d.). The change in systolic blood pressure produced by captopril was
      significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05 or less) related to age (r = 0.67),
      to weight (r = 0.55), to the initial PRA levels (r = -0.63) and to the drop in PA
      II (r = 0.67) but not to the serum creatinine concentration. The change in
      diastolic blood pressure was also (p less than or equal to 0.05 or less) related
      to age (r = 0.59), to the pretreatment PRA level (r = -0.71) and to the fall in
      PA II (r = 0.70) but not to weight or to serum creatinine concentration. Our data
      suggest that the hypotensive action of captopril is more pronounced in younger
      hypertensive patients.

PMID- 6366403
TI  - Alpha 1 -acid glycoprotein and binding of basic drugs.

PMID- 6366405
TI  - [Gene therapy of man - the facts and the visions].

PMID- 6366406
TI  - [The men behind the syndrome: Paul Kimmelstiel and Clifford Wilson. A German and
      an Englishman who met at Harvard - the first ones to describe a special
      glomerulus lesion].

PMID- 6366407
TI  - [Neurosurgical treatment of epilepsy. The course of investigation and preliminary
      results].

PMID- 6366408
TI  - [Cytodiagnostic studies of the laryngeal mucosa in chronic laryngitis].
AB  - Cytological diagnostic aids in chronic inflammation of the larynx have been
      rarely employed so far. A study was conducted to prove whether there is any
      possibility of larnygeal cytological diagnosis and whether there are any
      premalignant changes. In view of the results obtained by gynaecological
      exfoliative cytology, attention was focussed on the metaplastic cells. The
      frequent incidence of metaplasias was highly significant, whereas dysplasias
      occurred only in chronic laryngitis besides in tumours. One trend occupying
      higher cytological diagnostic groups in the Papanicolaou pattern was seen in
      chronic laryngitis. In our opinion, cytological diagnosis in laryngeal
      investigation is an aid in the followup control in chronic laryngitis, which is a
      repeatable procedure without unduly stressing the tissue. Recording of cellular
      changes in chronic laryngitis can enable a prospective appreciation of
      morphological changes, which can be useful as diagnostic tool for examining
      suspicious findings.

PMID- 6366409
TI  - Presidential address.

PMID- 6366411
TI  - Thin haired coronal lift W-plasty incision.

PMID- 6366410
TI  - Life-threatening soft-tissue infections of the neck.
AB  - Four adult patients had life-threatening soft-tissue infections of the neck. One
      had Hemophilus influenzae infection, one had Streptococcus pyogenes infection,
      and two had polymicrobial mixed aerobic and anaerobic infections. Three of the
      four patients died despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy and surgical
      intervention. These cases demonstrate the spectrum of serious soft-tissue
      infections of the neck in both the compromised and the uncompromised host. Soft
      tissue infections of the neck may be necrotizing or nonnecrotizing. Cellulitis
      secondary to H. influenzae and beta-hemolytic streptococci is usually non
      necrotizing, whereas necrotizing infections are caused most commonly by
      synergistic organisms. Potential complications include septic shock, disseminated
      intravascular coagulation, acute renal failure, adult respiratory distress
      syndrome, mediastinitis, and pericarditis. Early recognition with aggressive
      medical and surgical therapy is essential to reduce the mortality.

PMID- 6366412
TI  - Study of the use of nude mice in the cultivation of Mycobacterium leprae in a
      normal, nonspecific pathogenic-free room at a temperature of 30-35 degrees C,
      without air-conditioning.

PMID- 6366413
TI  - Quantitative estimation of Mycobacterium leprae in exhaled nasal breath.

PMID- 6366414
TI  - Glucoprivic responsivity after insulin in hypodipsic and in water deficit rats.
AB  - Long Evans rats were made acutely hypodipsic through quinine adulteration of
      their water supply, and they ate normally in response to 2, 4, and 6 unit insulin
      injections. Other subjects were made chronically hypodipsic through adulteration;
      and while their glucoprivic feeding was lowered absolutely, it remained
      relatively elevated over their control session intake. These data indicate that
      subjects with reduced drinking abilities can respond to the insulin-induced
      glucoprivic challenge and that hydrational factors apparently do not serve as
      critical confounds in brain lesion investigations into the glucoprivic feeding
      response.

PMID- 6366415
TI  - Prolactin-releasing action of LRF: a central catecholamine mediated event?
AB  - Decline of plasma dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (EP) levels
      after iv administration of a 100 microgram bolus of LRF has been reported in
      normal men. This finding has been used to support the concept of a central
      dopamine mediated mechanism for LRF-induced PRL release. In the present study
      (including 5 postmenopausal women and 4 normal men), no detectable changes were
      found in plasma levels of DA, NE, EP and the DA metabolite, 3,4
      dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) following LRF (100 microgram iv)
      administration. These results pertain to both groups of subjects, although the
      PRL increment was 2-fold greater in the postmenopausal women than in the normal
      men. It is concluded that peripheral administration of LRF causes no acute
      decline of plasma catecholamines, and that the LRF-induced release of PRL may be
      based on the recent demonstration in vitro of a paracrine effect, gonadotrope to
      lactotrope.

PMID- 6366416
TI  - Effect of trifluoperazine and calmodulin on catecholamine secretion by saponin
      skinned cultured chromaffin cells.
AB  - We have examined the effect of trifluoperazine on catecholamine secretion by
      chemically skinned, cultured adrenal chromaffin cells. These cells require only
      ATP and calcium for secretion. Catecholamine secretion was unaffected by the drug
      in the presence or absence of calcium and ATP over the range 0.1 to 10 microM. At
      100 microM trifluoperazine, catecholamine release was calcium and ATP independent
      and represented 70-80% of the total cellular content. High concentrations of
      exogenous calmodulin had no effect on secretion in the presence or absence of
      calcium. We conclude that low concentrations of the drug have no effect on
      secretion, while high concentrations cause non-physiological catecholamine
      release.

PMID- 6366417
TI  - Interactions of ethanol with the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis.

PMID- 6366419
TI  - Low therapeutic value of D-penicillamine in a short-term prospective trial in
      primary biliary cirrhosis.
AB  - A small double-blind controlled trial to evaluate the short-term effects of D
      penicillamine therapy was carried out in 24 patients with primary biliary
      cirrhosis (PBC). The daily dose of D-penicillamine was increased monthly by 250
      mg until a total of 1 g daily was reached. Two out of 11 patients (18%) were
      withdrawn because of side-effects, as also were 4 out of 13 (31%) patients
      receiving the placebo. Transient improvement in symptoms was observed in 4 of 11
      patients on D-penicillamine, but also in 5 of 13 patients from the placebo group.
      The proportion of patients showing a fall in serum IgM, IgG and hepatic copper
      was significantly larger for the D-penicillamine group than for the placebo
      group. No improvement in liver tests was observed, but the progression of
      inflammatory periportal liver cell destruction (piecemeal necrosis) was retarded
      in patients on D-penicillamine (p = 0.02). Data analysis within the D
      penicillamine group showed that lowering the dose of D-penicillamine to 500 mg
      daily abolished the effect on the serum immunoglobulins and hepatic copper. The
      beneficial effect of D-penicillamine therapy appears to be small and dose
      related; side effects should not prevent its use, provided the drug is introduced
      slowly.

PMID- 6366418
TI  - Phencyclidine-induced inhibition of striatal acetylcholine release: comparisons
      with mu, kappa, and sigma opiate agonists.
AB  - The effects of phencyclidine (PCP) on ACh release were compared to those of
      morphine, ethylketocyclazocine (EKC), and N-allylnormetazocine (SKF10047) in a
      superfused striatal slice preparation. The (+)-isomer of the prototypic sigma
      opiate agonist, SKF10047, and the prototypic kappa opiate agonist, EKC, had
      essentially the same pharmacological profile as did PCP. That is, they each
      inhibited ACh release in a concentration dependent manner (with EKC being the
      most potent) and this effect was antagonized by 0.1 microM naloxone. Since
      morphine was without effect on ACh release, it is unlikely that these drugs
      inhibit ACh release by acting at mu receptors. In addition, we observed that the
      inhibitory effect of PCP, (+) SKF10047, and EKC on ACh release was reversed by
      0.1 microM haloperidol. Given that PCP has been shown to stimulate basal DA
      release in this preparation, it is possible that PCP, EKC and (+) SKF10047
      inhibit ACh release indirectly by stimulating DA release. The naloxone-induced
      blockade of the effect of PCP and these benzomorphans is discussed in relation to
      the effects of naloxone on other systems known to influence ACh release.

PMID- 6366420
TI  - Binding properties of mechanically and enzymatically isolated hepatocytes for IgG
      and C3.
AB  - The presence of Fc and C3 receptors was studied on mechanically and enzymatically
      isolated rabbit, mouse and rat hepatocytes as well as on hepatocytes derived from
      primary cultures. The same cell preparations were used for studying the uptake of
      an antibody against nuclear antigens. Mechanically isolated hepatocytes were able
      to bind AIgG and activate complement. However, the same cells were not able to
      form rosettes with EA or with EAC. Enzymatically isolated hepatocytes did not
      bind AIgG or activate complement nor did they form rosettes with EA or with EAC.
      The mechanically isolated cells and the nonviable fraction of the enzymatically
      isolated cells showed a nuclear fluorescence when incubated with an antibody
      against nuclear antigens. We conclude that enzymatically isolated hepatocytes
      lack Fc and C3 binding sites. Furthermore, the damage to the plasma membrane of
      the non-viable cells allows the penetration of antibodies against intracellular
      antigens.

PMID- 6366421
TI  - Anti-actin antibodies of IgM and IgG class in chronic liver diseases detected by
      fluorometric immunoassay.
AB  - Using a sensitive fluoroimmunoassay, anti-actin antibodies (AA) of the IgM and
      IgG classes were measured in 240 patients with various chronic liver diseases and
      in 211 patients with non-hepatic autoimmune muscle, heart, malignant and
      inflammatory bowel diseases. Thirty-two out of 40 patients (80%) with autoimmune
      chronic active hepatitis (CAH) had AA only of the IgG class (geom. mean X = 1.78,
      SEM +/- 0.07) and only three patients (8%) had both IgG and IgM AA, the latter in
      lower titres. In patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and AMA-positive
      cholestatic CAH, AA of both IgM and IgG classes were equally represented (60% IgG
      and 64% IgM AA in PBC, 73% IgG and 51% IgM AA in cholestatic CAH) but the titres
      were very low (geom. mean IgG AA in PBC 1.035, SEM +/- 0.03, in cholestatic CAH
      1.18, SEM +/- 0.02). In contrast to autoimmune (lupoid) CAH, AA were rare in
      HBsAg positive CAH (9/43, 21%) and only present in low titres. However, in six
      out of 21 patients with anti-HBs and anti-HBc-positive chronic active hepatitis,
      high AA of IgG class were found, suggesting the autoimmune type of liver disease.
      In NANB virus-induced chronic liver disease after blood transfusion, AA were only
      occasionally found (IgG antibodies 1/19, IgM antibodies 3/19) and none were found
      in the eight patients with sporadic NANB hepatitis. They were also rare in 30
      patients with alcoholic liver disease (3/30, 10%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6366422
TI  - Relationship between liver histopathological changes and HBsAg in 111 patients
      treated by long-term hemodialysis.
AB  - We studied liver biopsies performed between January 1972 and June 1980 in 111
      patients receiving regular dialysis treatment. Biopsies were performed either
      because of suspected liver disease (61 patients) or routinely during abdominal
      surgery or kidney transplantation (50 patients). Repeat biopsies were done in 14
      cases. Hepatitis B virus markers, assayed every 3 months during the observation
      period, were detected at some time in 71 patients (64%); 51 remained persistently
      positive. Histological examination showed normal liver in 39 cases, lobular
      hepatitis in 15, chronic persistent hepatitis in 36 and chronic active hepatitis
      in 21. All patients with chronic active hepatitis were chronic HBsAg carriers,
      and repeated biopsies showed aggravation only in these patients. The course was
      remarkably asymptomatic, with lesions leading to fibrosis despite the lack of
      histopathological patterns of severe necrosis and/or inflammation, which were
      conspicuously absent in this series.

PMID- 6366423
TI  - Immunohistochemical study of delta antigen in an American metropolitan
      population.
AB  - Delta antigen, a transmissible agent associated with hepatitis B virus, has been
      detected primarily in Italian patients. The preservation of delta-antigen in
      formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver tissue enabled us to study the prevalence
      of this agent in our material. Using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method, delta
      antigen was found in 2 of 65 consecutive biopsy specimens of patients with HBsAg
      positive liver disease. In addition, delta-antigen was demonstrated in 2 of 14
      autopsy specimens from HBsAg-positive patients. Of the delta-antigen-positive
      patients, one was Italian, one was a polytransfused American-born Italian and two
      were American homosexuals. All four delta-Ag-positive patients had chronic active
      hepatitis. In one patient, the agent persisted for 5 years while chronic active
      hepatitis reverted to chronic persistent hepatitis during prednisone therapy.
      These findings suggest that transmission of delta-antigen follows that of
      hepatitis B virus infection, although it is relatively uncommon in New York City.

PMID- 6366424
TI  - Hepatitis B virus and host cell membrane antigens on a primary hepatocellular
      carcinoma cell line.
AB  - We have defined some membrane antigens of the cultured hepatocellular carcinoma
      cell line PLC/PRF/5, which contains the integrated genome of hepatitis B virus.
      Using fluoresceinated antibodies, we identified HLA Class 1 glycoprotein and HB
      surface antigen on the membrane. Only in a minority of cells was physical
      association of these antigens demonstrated by co-capping. The presence of a
      "division" antigen was indicated by reactivity of the cells with the murine
      monoclonal antibody OKT9.

PMID- 6366425
TI  - [New non-ionic contrast media for myelography].

PMID- 6366426
TI  - [Current aspects of interstitial radiotherapy].

PMID- 6366427
TI  - [Radiobiological analysis of the development of early and late radiation
      injuries].

PMID- 6366428
TI  - [Role of lymphocytes in regulating hematopoiesis in radiation pathology].

PMID- 6366429
TI  - Nursing revisited: nursing at the winter's solstice.

PMID- 6366430
TI  - Nursing at Boston College: glimpses of the past.

PMID- 6366431
TI  - Nursing revisited: the Worcester State Hospital and nursing.

PMID- 6366432
TI  - Nursing revisited: Mary Gerrin and the idea of nursing.

PMID- 6366433
TI  - The Lucy Lincoln Drown Nursing History Society.

PMID- 6366434
TI  - [Effect of Echinacin on phagocytosis and natural killer cells].

PMID- 6366435
TI  - [Historical remarks on the concept of myocarditis-cardiomyopathy].

PMID- 6366436
TI  - [History of hypertension].

PMID- 6366437
TI  - [Captopril in arterial hypertension].

PMID- 6366439
TI  - [The significance of gene technology for medicine].

PMID- 6366438
TI  - [Effect and tolerability of Viskaldix retard in ambulatory hypertensive
      patients].

PMID- 6366440
TI  - Fascicular nerve graft using an empty perineurial tube: an experimental study in
      the rabbit.
AB  - An experimental model of a free, empty perineurial tube for use as a nerve graft
      is presented as an alternative to existing methods. The technique is described
      and the model compared with conventional nerve graft in the sciatic nerve of a
      rabbit. Results are evaluated with EMG studies, angiography, and histology. The
      experimental model compared favorably with the standard graft. Further avenues of
      investigation and clinical use are suggested.

PMID- 6366441
TI  - End-to-side anastomosis of the vein: a technical innovation.
AB  - A new technique for easier end-to-side anastomosis of veins is presented. By
      applying a few traction sutures to the edge of the venotomy and tenting the
      venous wall, thereby keeping the venotomy open, end-to-side anastomosis of the
      vein can be easily performed.

PMID- 6366442
TI  - Telescopic anastomosis of the common bile duct in the rat.
AB  - A telescopic technique for the end-to-end anastomosis of the common bile duct in
      the rat is proposed as a way of reducing the number of sutures without
      prejudicing the impermeability of the union. Serial histological examinations of
      the scar process after 10, 20, and 30 days showed that patency was maintained.

PMID- 6366443
TI  - The external ring method of microvenous anastomosis: a new experimental concept.
AB  - A new method of microvenous anastomosis has been devised using a rigid ring
      around the anastomotic circumference. Only four sutures are used in the
      anastomosis and these are tied around the ring so as to stretch open the
      anastomotic site. The method has been tested in experimental rats and compared
      with the standard technique of anastomosis. The results and possible clinical
      implications of this method are discussed.

PMID- 6366444
TI  - Effect of suture technique on blood velocity waveforms in the microvascular
      anastomosis of autogenous vein graft.
AB  - In using autogenous vein grafts in microvascular surgery, maintenance of
      compliance at the site of anastomosis is of importance in achieving patency.
      Using high-frequency, 20 MHz, pulsed Doppler ultrasonography to monitor blood
      flow velocity through the vein graft, we have evaluated the effects of continuous
      and interrupted suture technique on anastomotic compliance in vessels less than
      1.5 mm in diameter. In 15 dogs, 15 procedures of each technique, using the
      continuous technique in one limb and the interrupted technique on the
      contralateral limb, patency rates for both techniques, documented by
      arteriography, are 100% at a mean follow-up of 11 weeks. There were no
      significant differences in the blood velocity profile and pulsatility proximally,
      distally, and at the graft site between continuous and interrupted technique.
      This study confirms the suggestion that autogenous vein graft has sufficient
      elasticity to maintain normal arterial blood velocity waveforms.

PMID- 6366445
TI  - A new anastomosis technique for large-calibered vein grafts.
AB  - A new anastomosis technique for large-calibered vein graft to repair a smaller
      sized arterial defect is presented. At the proximal (upstream) anastomosis, a
      combination of sleeve anastomosis technique and plication of excess vessel wall
      is performed; and at the distal (downstream) anastomosis, the "fish-mouth"
      incision technique is used. The patency rate obtained with this technique is
      quite satisfactory, which justifies its use in clinical situations.

PMID- 6366446
TI  - Evaluation of the patency rate of fibrous microvascular polyurethane prostheses
      after implantation in the rat aorta.
AB  - Two types of fibrous polyurethane prostheses with different compliances were
      implanted into the rat aorta with interrupted sutures and a running suture line.
      Excluding two technical failures, one unexplained death, and three infected
      prostheses, both groups (n = 21) showed a patency rate of 100%, up to 6 months
      after implantation. Rapid reendothelialisation occurred, and a stable neo-intima
      was formed. Compliance of the prostheses, as well as the suture technique used,
      has proven to be an unimportant factor in the rat aorta model, probably due to
      the low magnitude of the pulsations of the rat aorta. The experience of the
      surgeon with microsurgical techniques seems to be an underestimated factor in
      determining patency rates of microvascular prostheses.

PMID- 6366447
TI  - Heart and spleen "twin grafts" in rats: morphology and function in permanent
      survivals.
AB  - A new rat allograft model has been investigated for its potential to facilitate
      organ transplantation. In this procedure heart and spleen of male inbred LEW rat
      (RT1') were connected to the main abdominal vessels in inbred ACI rat (RT1a).
      With optimal surgical technique we obtain 64% permanent graft survival (5-14
      months) in the splenectomized recipients. Cardiac histology ranged from preserved
      myocardium with moderate thickening of coronary artery walls to diffuse
      myocardial fibrosis with marked involutional changes of coronary arteries.
      Whereas palpation and EKG wrongly indicate good function beyond the fourth month,
      only the phonocardiogram shows the rapid functional loss which reflects the true
      morphologic involution.

PMID- 6366448
TI  - Preservation of the ureteral blood supply in rat renal transplantation.
AB  - A new technique of preserving ureteral blood supply in heterotopic rat renal
      transplantation is described. This entails leaving an intact gonadal artery in
      continuity with the donor aortic stump, which is anastomosed to the recipient
      aorta. Comparison of this technique with conventional methods wherein the
      spermatic artery is ligated revealed a marked decrease in the incidence of
      ureteral complications with the former. Preservation of adequate blood supply to
      the ureter in experimental rat renal transplantation provides more consistent
      results and lessens the risk of unnecessary animal loss.

PMID- 6366449
TI  - A new technique for end-to-end ureterostomy in the rat, using an indwelling
      reabsorbable stent.
AB  - The restoration of the continuity of the urinary tract represents one of the
      major problems in rat renal transplantation. End-to-end ureterostomy is the most
      physiologically effective technique; however, it involves noteworthy technical
      difficulties because of the extremely thin caliber of the ureter in the rat and
      the high incidence of postoperative hydronephrosis. We describe a new technique
      for end-to-end ureterostomy in the rat, where the use of an absorbable ureteral
      stent is recommended. A 5-0 plain catgut thread is used as a stent. The
      anastomosis is performed under an operating microscope at X 25-40 magnification
      with interrupted sutures of 11-0 Vicryl. The use of the indwelling stent
      facilitates the performance of the anastomosis and yields optimal results. The
      macroscopical, radiological, and histological controls in a group of rats
      operated on with this technique showed a very high percentage of success with no
      complications, a result undoubtedly superior to that obtained with conventional
      methods.

PMID- 6366450
TI  - Heart and spleen "twin grafts" in rats: IV. Influence of donor spleen cell mass
      on allograft survival.
AB  - Heart and spleen twin grafts from LEW to ACI rats may survive permanently,
      whereas those grafted from ACI to LEW rats do not. This strain difference in
      graft acceptance was analyzed quantitatively by transplanting one to three ACI
      spleens into LEW rats in order to compensate for the relatively small size of ACI
      spleens (Fig. 1). Under these conditions permanent graft survival was not
      observed in LEW recipients. However, during host splenectomy 3 days after
      transplantation, a nonimmunological factor was observed. The transplanted ACI
      spleens showed congestion and infarctions, while in the LEW to ACI transplant
      model the LEW spleens did not. This observation could be explained by the size of
      the vascular pedicle in ACI spleens. Although no problem was encountered
      immediately after completing the anastomoses, allogeneic spleens react by
      increasing in size, to such an extent that their size exceeds the capacity of the
      smaller vascular pedicle in ACI rats and results in congestion. Hence, the
      concept is formulated that early compromise of hemodynamics on a nonimmunological
      base may determine the fate of ACI spleen graft before immunological factors have
      a chance to become effective.

PMID- 6366451
TI  - Arterial anastomoses and autogenous interposition grafts in growing rats.
AB  - The fate of arterial interposition grafts in growing rats was investigated. The
      interrupted- and continuous-suture techniques were compared to see which allowed
      for better expansion of the anastomosis. We found that a graft enlarges in
      proportion to the growth of the parent vessel, that in end-to-end anastomosis the
      interrupted suture technique allowed for better expansion of the anastomosis (but
      not in the end-to-side model), and that the continuous suture technique was
      associated with a higher rate of false aneurysm formation.

PMID- 6366453
TI  - Systemic vasculitis with asthma and eosinophilia: a clinical approach to the
      Churg-Strauss syndrome.
AB  - Drawing on our experience of 16 cases and a review of the English literature, we
      propose that CSS is under-diagnosed because of exclusive emphasis upon pathologic
      recognition of the disorder. The classical histological picture comprises a
      necrotizing vasculitis, eosinophilic tissue infiltration and extravascular
      granulomas, but it is only found in a minority of cases, and is not pathognomonic
      of the condition (69, 108). On the other hand, the clinical pattern of the
      disorder is most distinctive, and CSS can be readily identified on clinical
      grounds. Typically, it begins with allergic rhinitis, which is often complicated
      by nasal polyposis and sinusitis. Asthma and peripheral blood eosinophilia are
      essential features, often accompanied by pulmonary infiltrates. The systemic
      vasculitis of CSS resembles that of PAN, but severe renal disease is uncommon
      (the typical renal lesion is a focal segmental glomerulonephritis), and cardiac
      involvement accounts for 50% of deaths. Diagnostic difficulties arise from the
      close relationship of CSS to other granulomatous, vasculitic and eosinophilic
      disorders. CSS is usefully regarded as a point of overlap between these three
      disease spectrums (Fig. 5). Individual components of each spectrum can occur in
      the course of CSS; hence cases may be reported as PAN developing as a
      complication of Loffler syndrome or eosinophilic gastroenteritis (37, 57, 66).
      The hypereosinophilia of CSS tends to be less severe and more steroid-responsive
      than in HES, and evidence of eosinophil degranulation was not found in the
      patients we studied. Complement abnormalities are not a prominent feature of the
      disorder, and circulating immune complexes were detected in only two cases; both
      contained IgM. This may be of pathogenetic significance as IgM deposition was a
      dominant feature in four of the five cases with positive renal
      immunofluorescence. IgE levels were elevated in all patients studied during the
      vasculitic phase, and skin-prick tests were positive in 8 of 10 patients tested.
      CSS responds well to treatment with steroids, although some patients benefit from
      the addition of immunosuppressive agents. The vasculitic illness is usually of
      limited duration, but relapses can occur, and should be detected and treated
      early. Major problems in the post-vasculitic phase stem from hypertension and
      persisting peripheral nerve damage. Allergic upper and lower respiratory tract
      disease is an important cause of morbidity in the pre- and post-vasculitic
      periods.

PMID- 6366452
TI  - Fungal and yeast infections of the central nervous system. A clinical review.
AB  - In the past 20 years, there has been a marked increase in the number of reported
      cases of meningitis and brain abscess due to fungi and yeasts. This increase is
      due in part to better diagnostic techniques and greater awareness of the
      possibility of fungal invasion of the nervous system; but the increase can also
      be attributed to a growing pool of severely compromised hosts, many of whom are
      undergoing treatment with adrenal glucocorticoids or immunosuppressive agents.
      The diagnosis and treatment of aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis,
      coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, infections caused by dematiaceous fungi,
      histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, petriellidosis, and sporotrichosis, as
      well as relatively rare infections of the central nervous system caused by other
      fungi, are discussed. The efficacy of amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine in the
      treatment of CNS fungal and yeast infections is also evaluated.

PMID- 6366454
TI  - Image analysis of microscopic preparations.

PMID- 6366455
TI  - X-ray microanalysis: identification and quantification of elements in normal and
      pathologically altered cells.
AB  - It is apparent that advanced technology in X-ray microanalysis is rapidly
      becoming applicable to experimental cellular pathology. Additionally, it has
      already proven to be of significant value in diagnostic human pathology and
      clinical research, especially in the areas of environmental toxicology and
      forensic pathology. Like routine electron microscopy, X-ray microanalysis will
      soon be a necessary technology for any major medical center practicing 'state-of
      the-art' medicine.

PMID- 6366456
TI  - Computed image analysis techniques of skeletal muscle.

PMID- 6366457
TI  - Histomorphometry, methods and examples of application.

PMID- 6366458
TI  - Push-pull perfusion technique in the median eminence: a model system for
      evaluating releasing factor dynamics.

PMID- 6366459
TI  - Preparation and properties of dispersed rat retinal cells.

PMID- 6366460
TI  - Punch sampling biopsy technique.

PMID- 6366461
TI  - Voltammetric and radioisotopic measurement of catecholamine.

PMID- 6366462
TI  - Microradioenzymic assays for the measurement of catecholamines and serotonin.

PMID- 6366463
TI  - Hypothalamic catecholamine biosynthesis and neuropeptides.
AB  - In conclusion, both steady state and non-steady state methods for investigating
      the turnover of central catecholamines can provide valuable information regarding
      the central control of neuroendocrine function. The system described here,
      utilizing HPLC with electrochemical detection, offers a relatively easy and
      reliable method for determining steady state catecholamine biosynthesis in the
      hypothalamus and other brain areas.

PMID- 6366464
TI  - Methods for the study of the biosynthesis of neuroendocrine peptides in vivo and
      in vitro.

PMID- 6366465
TI  - Methods for investigating peptide precursors in the hypothalamus.
AB  - In conclusion, as in the aminergic nervous system, the hypothalamic neuropeptides
      "turn over" at a rate sufficient to maintain a "steady state" concentration
      within the hypothalamus. However, unlike catecholamine-secreting neurons, the
      brain peptides are synthesized and secreted by a much more circuitous mechanism,
      involving ribosomal biosynthesis as larger prohormones, axonal transport to the
      site of secretion, and enzymic processing to the biologically active hormones.
      The methods described here, including in vitro incubation and high-performance
      size-exclusion and reverse-phase chromatography, have been found to be useful for
      examining and comparing the rate and mechanism of biosynthesis of several
      hypothalamic neuropeptides.

PMID- 6366466
TI  - Measurement of the degradation of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone by
      hypothalamic tissue.

PMID- 6366467
TI  - Simultaneous localization of steroid hormones and neuropeptides in the brain by
      combined autoradiography and immunocytochemistry.

PMID- 6366468
TI  - A subcellular fractionation approach for studying insulin release mechanisms and
      calcium metabolism in islets of Langerhans.

PMID- 6366469
TI  - Use of immunocytochemical techniques in studying the biogenesis of cell surfaces
      in polarized epithelia.

PMID- 6366470
TI  - Dictyostelium discoideum as a model system to study recognition mechanisms in
      phagocytosis.

PMID- 6366471
TI  - Recycling of insulin-sensitive glucose transporter in rat adipocytes.

PMID- 6366472
TI  - Perturbation of the structure and function of the Golgi complex by monovalent
      carboxylic ionophores.

PMID- 6366473
TI  - Nonspecific lipid transfer protein from rat and beef liver: purification and
      properties.

PMID- 6366474
TI  - Phosphatidylcholine transfer protein from bovine liver.

PMID- 6366475
TI  - Phospholipid exchange protein-dependent synthesis of sphingomyelin.

PMID- 6366476
TI  - Glycosyltransferases involved in elongation of N-glycosidically linked
      oligosaccharides of the complex or N-acetyllactosamine type.

PMID- 6366477
TI  - The use of streptococcal antigens to probe the mechanisms of immunity.

PMID- 6366478
TI  - Necessity for De Novo DNA synthesis for reversion of Escherichia coli
      spheroplasts to bacillary forms.

PMID- 6366479
TI  - Diversity of prodigiosin content in the stationary phase organisms of Serratia
      marcescens fractionated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation.

PMID- 6366480
TI  - [Utilization of different sulfur sources by propionic acid bacteria].
AB  - The object of this work was to study the ability of propionic bacteria to utilize
      sulfur compounds having various degrees of oxidation. Propionibacterium shermanii
      was found to utilize sulfite, thiosulfate, sulfide and elemental sulfur, apart
      from sulfate, as a sulfur source. When the culture grew in a medium with
      elemental sulfur, sulfide was produced. The utilization of sulfate by P.
      shermanii had a peculiar character. In the process of the culture growth, the
      utilization of sulfate alternated with its release into the medium.

PMID- 6366481
TI  - [Effect of cyclic changes in culture conditions on the growth kinetics and
      physiological characteristics of yeasts].
AB  - Candida utilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida scottii were used to study
      the effect of cyclic changes in the pH and pO2 within a range of 1 to 60 min on
      their growth kinetics and physiological properties. These changes were shown to
      increase the specific growth rate from 0.33 to 0.5-0.6 h-1 without decreasing the
      economic coefficient and the quantity of budding cells during 2-3 generations of
      the exponentially growing batch culture of C. utilis. Optimal conditions of
      cyclic changes in the pO2 (minutes) were found to increase the specific growth
      rate of C. scottii and S. cerevisiae. The authors discuss a hypothesis for the
      formation of intermediate products in the substrate oxidation in the course of
      pulse aeration by the yeasts during the aerobic stage and the utilization of the
      products at the anaerobic stage of cyclic regimes. The paper describes a
      mathematical model for the yeast growth under the nonsteady-state conditions of
      pH and pO2, which accounts for the formation and utilization of possible
      intermediate biosynthetic products within the studied time intervals.

PMID- 6366482
TI  - [A tricentennary: the dental prevention of Sieur de Fleurimont (1682-1982) (I)].

PMID- 6366483
TI  - [A tricentennary: the dental prevention of Sieur de Fleurimont (1682-1982) (II)].

PMID- 6366484
TI  - Allium sativum (garlic)--a natural antibiotic.
AB  - Allium sativum (garlic) has been recognized not only as a spice but also as a
      substance which exerts a control on microorganisms. Recent publications indicate
      that garlic extract has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against many genera
      of bacteria and fungi. The active component (allicin) has been isolated and
      characterized. Because many of the microorganisms susceptible to garlic extract
      are medically significant, garlic holds a promising position as a broad-spectrum
      therapeutic agent. Furthermore, garlic plants may also play an important role in
      the ecological control of pathogenic microorganisms in nature.

PMID- 6366485
TI  - Possible treatment of pre-eclampsia with calcium channel blocking agents.
AB  - A review of the pathophysiology and treatment of pre-eclampsia indicates that
      vasospasm and vascular hyperreactivity are important elements in the disease
      process and its control. Five requirements for a therapeutic agent in pre
      eclampsia are identified: control of generalized vasospasm, hypertension, and
      eclamptic convulsions, maintenance of placental perfusion, and lack of adverse
      effects on the fetus/neonate. Calcium channel blocking agents are well known
      arteriolar vasodilators and inhibitors of coronary artery vasospasm, and appear
      to possess qualities relevant to these therapeutic requirements for pre
      eclampsia. It is proposed that calcium channel blocking agents may be effective
      agents in the management of pre-eclampsia.

PMID- 6366486
TI  - The active role of gingival proteoglycans in periodontal disease.
AB  - The quantitatively major extracellular non-fibrous macromolecules of human
      gingivae are the proteoglycans. This class of macromolecules have been considered
      to be paramount in maintaining many tissue functions and are therefore presumably
      of prime importance in regulating the physiology of the gingivae which in turn
      regulates its structural integrity. Such an active role for the proteoglycans has
      been hitherto widely ignored in the standard dental texts, which assume the
      intercellular material of gingivae to be "inert" and "amorphous". We pose a
      question: "Is it possible that the intercellular proteoglycans of gingival
      epithelium and connective tissue play a major role in the regulation of the
      initiation and sequelae of periodontal disease?" Consequently, we hypothesize
      that, in gingivae affected by the destructive inflammatory processes seen in
      periodontal disease, the status of the extracellular proteoglycans of the
      gingival epithelium specifically determines the rate of diffusion of extraneous
      inflammagens or tissue destructive enzymes from the oral cavity. By analogy, the
      response of the underlying connective tissue to these solutes diffusing into it
      will be regulated by the state of its extracellular proteoglycan and indeed, may
      in turn, effect the maintenance of the closely apposed epithelial integrity.

PMID- 6366487
TI  - Nd:YAG laser endoscopic photocoagulation for upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
AB  - To appraise the success of neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser
      photocoagulation for the endoscopic control of major upper gastrointestinal
      bleeding, 19 patients who fulfilled all the criteria of this study underwent
      laser therapy. Initial hemostasis was achieved in 17 patients (89%). The two
      patients continuing to bleed underwent surgery but died. Rebleeding occurred in
      five patients, with laser photocoagulation successful in two and surgery in
      another two. Nd:YAG lasers offer a safe, effective method for controlling
      bleeding and, it is hoped, will decrease the morbidity and need for emergency
      surgery.

PMID- 6366488
TI  - The lipid hypothesis is proven.

PMID- 6366489
TI  - Primaquine-chloroquine prophylaxis against malaria in Southeast-Asian refugees
      entering South Australia.
AB  - In 1980, the incidence of malaria among Southeast-Asian refugees arriving in
      South Australia rose substantially to 22.0 cases/1000 arrivals. All these cases
      were caused by Plasmodium vivax, and the majority occurred in the small
      proportion of refugees who had arrived by way of Indonesian camps of asylum (59.2
      cases/1000 arrivals). The commencement of an eight-week prophylactic regimen with
      primaquine (22.5 mg/week) and chloroquine (300 mg/week; 600 mg first dose) by
      1388 refugees proved significantly effective in reducing the incidence of malaria
      among this population. The regimen was administered without the assessment of
      glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase levels, and a transient haemoglobinuria
      occurred in only one refugee. Other side-effects were minimal when the
      administration of drugs was delayed until several days after the arrival of the
      refugee in Australia.

PMID- 6366490
TI  - Acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis.
AB  - Acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis is an uncommon condition which, if
      unrecognized, carries a high rate of mortality. This study of 12 patients
      highlights the clinical features as well as the poor outcome of delayed surgical
      decompression. Endoscopic and percutaneous drainage of the obstructed biliary
      tree in acutely ill patients may improve the results of subsequent surgery.

PMID- 6366491
TI  - Y. pseudotuberculosis infection.

PMID- 6366492
TI  - Clonidine and migraine.

PMID- 6366493
TI  - Human insulin.

PMID- 6366494
TI  - Nocardia asteroides infection.

PMID- 6366495
TI  - Transplantation of kidneys from living related donors in Australia.

PMID- 6366496
TI  - Rotavirus infection.

PMID- 6366497
TI  - Transplantation of kidneys from living related donors. Comparison with cadaveric
      kidney transplantation.
AB  - In a series of 271 transplantations of renal allografts, performed over 10 years,
      the rates of graft survival, patient survival, and morbidity in the recipients of
      allografts from living related donors (47 allografts) have been compared with
      those in the recipients of cadaveric allografts (224 allografts). The one-year
      graft survival rates were 88% for allografts from living related donors (100%, if
      these were HLA-identical) and 55% for cadaveric allografts, while the patient
      survival rates were 97% and 87%, respectively, in the same period. Morbidity
      rates (expressed as the number of days spent in hospital) for recipients of
      allografts from living related donors were approximately 50% of those for
      recipients of cadaveric grafts. Complications in the living related donors were
      minimal, and acceptable. It is concluded that transplantation of allografts from
      living related donors has many advantages over transplantation of cadaveric
      kidneys, and is a valuable adjunct to a cadaveric renal transplantation
      programme. Greater use of living related kidney donors should be encouraged in
      Australia.

PMID- 6366498
TI  - Treatment of chronic duodenal ulceration. Effectiveness of colloidal bismuth
      subcitrate tablets compared with cimetidine.
AB  - Fifty-eight patients with chronic duodenal ulceration proven at endoscopy
      consented to enter a trial comparing the effect of colloidal bismuth subcitrate
      (CBS)tablets with that of cimetidine. Fifty-four patients completed the six-week
      trial. An endoscopic assessment of healing was made at four weeks. If healing had
      not occurred, the trial was continued for another two weeks and the endoscopy was
      repeated. At four weeks, healing at endoscopy was demonstrated in 82% of patients
      receiving CBS and in 58% of those receiving cimetidine. At six weeks, the healing
      rates were 93% and 81%, respectively. No side effects were noted in either group.
      Continued smoking was not found to have an adverse effect on the healing rate of
      ulcers in either treatment group.

PMID- 6366499
TI  - Interaction between mexiletine and digoxin.

PMID- 6366500
TI  - The bard and the body. 6. Therapeutics.

PMID- 6366501
TI  - A comparison of biological effects of three angiotensin II antagonists in sodium
      depleted hypertensive patients.

PMID- 6366502
TI  - Gastric secretory function in patients with chronic renal failure or with
      transplanted kidney.

PMID- 6366503
TI  - Autologous bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of children and
      adolescents with advanced malignant tumors.
AB  - Nineteen patients with advanced malignant tumors, less than 20 years old were
      treated with intensive chemotherapy (vincristine 2 mg/m2 i.v. and adriamycin 60
      mg/m2 i.v. on day - 7; cyclophosphamide 45 mg/kg i.v. on days -6 to -3), total
      body irradiation (TBI, 600 rads on day -1) and autologous bone marrow
      transplantation (ABMT, day 0). Prior to this procedure induction of complete or
      partial remission by conventional therapy was attempted. Ten patients had intra
      abdominal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL); three, yolk sac tumor; three, Ewing's
      sarcoma; and three, neuroblastoma. The supportive care included reverse
      isolation, immunoglobulin 400 mg/kg i.v. q 2 weeks, cotrimoxazole per os, and
      cell support as needed. No correlation between the bone marrow dose and the time
      of hematological reconstitution could be established. Five of seven patients with
      intra-abdominal NHL stage III (transplanted in first remission) are surviving
      disease-free for 5+, 5+, 20+, 23+, and 35+ months after ABMT. None of three
      patients with intra-abdominal NHL stage IV is surviving (two of them were
      transplanted in second remission). One of three patients with yolk sac tumor is
      surviving disease-free for 27+ months. There are no survivors among the patients
      with Ewing's sarcoma and neuroblastoma. Only one of 19 patients was lost due to
      therapeutic complications, while 12 died due to tumor. Regarding treatment
      results for advanced intra-abdominal NHL, the procedure described here is
      comparable to the best conventional regimens. In vitro methods for tumor cell
      eradication in the collected bone marrow might further improve the results of
      ABMT.

PMID- 6366504
TI  - Pulmonary function in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - Pulmonary function was studied prospectively in 25 children with leukemia and
      aplastic anemia undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Whereas 11 patients
      have died, only one did so primarily due to interstitial pneumonia. Fourteen
      patients (56%) survived a median of at least 36 months. Seventeen patients
      received pulmonary function tests (PFTs). Four patients transplanted for leukemia
      in relapse following preparation with a very intensive regimen (cyclophosphamide,
      200 mg/kg, total body irradiation, 1,000 rad, BCNU, cytosine arabinoside)
      developed restrictive lung changes. Patients undergoing BMT for aplastic anemia
      and leukemia in remission prepared with more commonly used and less intensive
      regimens maintained normal pulmonary function. As new regimens are devised, PFTs
      should be utilized to characterize the pulmonary toxicity of these regimens as
      well.

PMID- 6366505
TI  - Radiographic image subtraction in gas ionography.
AB  - The feasibility of radiographic image subtraction based on electrostatic imaging
      techniques is demonstrated. Ionographic latent images are essentially foil
      electrets with surface charge densities modulated by x-ray transmission through
      the object. Latent image charging at one polarity corresponding to the production
      of the primary image, and latent image discharging with the opposite polarity,
      are used to create the final latent image representing the region of interest.
      The technique is simple and could be in its present form applied to industrial
      radiography. Using high-pressure xenon ionographic chambers, the technique could
      be developed into a clinical tool as an inexpensive alternative to conventional
      digital radiography.

PMID- 6366506
TI  - [Biological properties of materials in conservative dentistry. I. Pulp
      reactivity].

PMID- 6366507
TI  - [Evaluation of indicators of the pressure of the prosthesis base in partial
      dentures].

PMID- 6366508
TI  - Isolation of DNA sequences preferentially expressed during sporulation in
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - A differential hybridization screen has been used to identify genes cloned from
      the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are expressed preferentially during
      sporulation. Duplicate copies of a partial Sau3A yeast DNA library prepared in
      the vector pBR322 were hybridized with radioactive cDNA probes representing the
      mRNA populations of sporulating a alpha cells and asporogenous alpha alpha cells
      at various times after transfer to sporulation medium. Thirty-eight clones showed
      an enhanced hybridization signal with the a alpha sporulation probe relative to
      the alpha alpha control cDNA probe. A comparison of the array of fragments
      produced by restriction endonuclease digestion of these plasmids suggested that
      15 different sequences had been cloned. An RNA blot analysis using these cloned
      DNAs to probe RNAs purified from aa, a alpha, and alpha alpha cells harvested
      either during vegetative growth or at 10 h after transfer to sporulation medium
      indicated that 14 different sporulation-specific genes had been identified.
      Transcripts complementary to these genes are present only in a alpha cells after
      transfer to sporulation medium. Three of these clones contain two sporulation
      specific genes. Three genes have been identified that are expressed in all cell
      types during vegetative growth and only in a alpha cells in sporulation medium.

PMID- 6366509
TI  - Two new double-stranded RNA molecules showing non-mendelian inheritance and heat
      inducibility in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Certain strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were found to have a complex nuclear
      defect (designated clo-) that makes cells unable to maintain some L-B and some L
      C double-stranded RNAs at 25 degrees C. The clo- strains were not defective in
      maintenance of L-A, M1, or M2 double-stranded RNAs. Most clo-strains lacking L
      and M carry small amounts of two double-stranded RNA species intermediate in size
      between L and M and denoted T (2.7 kilobase pairs) and W (2.25 kilobase pairs).
      Some strains carry both T and W, some carry neither, and some carry only W; no
      strains carrying only T have been found. Both T and W show 4+:0 segregation in
      meiosis and efficient transmission by cytoplasmic mixing (cytoduction),
      indicating that they are non-Mendelian genetic elements. T and W do not cross
      hybridize with each other or with L-A, L-B, L-C, M1, M2, or chromosomal DNA. T
      and W are apparently distinct from other known non-Mendelian genetic elements
      (2mu DNA, [rho], [psi], 20S RNA, [URE3]). In most strains the copy number of both
      T and W is increased about 10-fold by the growth of cells at 37 degrees C. This
      heat inducibility of T and W is under control of a cytoplasmic gene. T and W
      double-stranded RNAs are not found in a purified L-containing virus-like particle
      preparation from a strain containing L-B, T, and W double-stranded RNAs. The
      role, if any, of T or W in the killer systems is not known.

PMID- 6366510
TI  - Recombinational instability of a chimeric plasmid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Wild-type strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibit mitotic recombination
      between the chimeric plasmid TLC-1 and the endogenous 2mu circle that involves
      sequence homologies between the two plasmids that are not acted on by the 2mu
      circle site-specific recombination system. This generalized recombination can be
      detected because it separates the LEU2 and CAN1 markers of TLC-1 from each other
      through the formation of a plasmid containing only the S. cerevisiae LEU2 region
      and the 2mu circle. This derivative plasmid is maintained more stably during
      vegetative growth than TLC-1, and strains which carry it frequently lose the
      endogenous 2mu circle. Therefore, TLC-1 can provide a convenient selection for
      [cir0] cells. Formation of this new plasmid is greatly reduced, but not
      eliminated, in strains containing the rad52-1 mutation. This indicates that
      generalized mitotic recombination between plasmid sequences utilizes functions
      required for chromosomal recombination in S. cerevisiae.

PMID- 6366512
TI  - Cloning and genetic mapping of SNF1, a gene required for expression of glucose
      repressible genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - A functional SNF1 gene product is required to derepress expression of many
      glucose-repressible genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Strains carrying a snf1
      mutation are unable to grow on sucrose, galactose, maltose, melibiose, or
      nonfermentable carbon sources; utilization of these carbon sources is regulated
      by glucose repression. The inability of snf1 mutants to utilize sucrose results
      from failure to derepress expression of the structural gene for invertase at the
      RNA level. We isolated recombinant plasmids carrying the SNF1 gene by
      complementation of the snf1 defect in S. cerevisiae. A 3.5-kilobase region is
      common to the DNA segments cloned in five different plasmids. Transformation of
      S. cerevisiae with an integrating vector carrying a segment of the cloned DNA
      resulted in integration of the plasmid at the SNF1 locus. This result indicates
      that the cloned DNA is homologous to sequences at the SNF1 locus. By mapping a
      plasmid marker linked to SNF1 in this transformant, we showed that the SNF1 gene
      is located on chromosome IV. We then mapped snf1 to a position 5.6 centimorgans
      distal to rna3 on the right arm; snf1 is not extremely closely linked to any
      previously mapped mutation.

PMID- 6366511
TI  - Phenotypic expression in Escherichia coli and nucleotide sequence of two Chinese
      hamster lung cell cDNAs encoding different dihydrofolate reductases.
AB  - Nucleotide sequence analysis of two cDNA clones, one shown to direct the
      synthesis in Escherichia coli of the pI 6.7 form of the 20,000-molecular-weight
      class of Chinese hamster lung cell dihydrofolate reductase, and the other shown
      to direct the synthesis of the pI 6.5 form of the 21,000-molecular-weight class
      of the enzyme, has revealed the following: (i) the differences in physical and
      enzymatic properties displayed by these two proteins are due to two variations in
      their respective amino acid sequences with the conversion of Leu to Phe at
      position 22 probably responsible for the differential sensitivity of these two
      enzymes to methotrexate and methasquin; (ii) the multiple mRNAs responsible for
      the synthesis of each of these proteins differ in size due, at least in part, to
      a length heterogeneity at their 3' ends; (iii) these two proteins are encoded by
      different genes; and (iv) the sequence AAATATA appears to be a major
      polyadenylation signal in one Chinese hamster lung cell dihydrofolate reductase
      gene and a minor signal in another.

PMID- 6366513
TI  - Structure and expression of the SNF1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - The SNF1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is essential for normal regulation of
      gene expression by glucose repression. A functional SNF1 gene product is required
      to derepress many glucose-repressible genes in response to conditions of low
      external glucose. In the case of the SUC2 structural gene for invertase, SNF1
      acts at the RNA level. We have reported the isolation of a cloned gene that
      complements the snf1 defect in S. cerevisiae and that is homologous to DNA at the
      SNF1 locus (J. L. Celenza and M. Carlson, Mol. Cell. Biol. 4:49-53, 1984). In
      this work we identified a 2.4-kilobase polyadenylate-containing RNA encoded by
      the SNF1 gene and showed that its level is neither regulated by glucose
      repression nor dependent on a functional SNF1 product. The position of the SNF1
      RNA relative to the cloned DNA was mapped, and the direction of transcription was
      determined. The cloned DNA was used to disrupt the SNF1 gene at its chromosomal
      locus. Gene disruption resulted in A Snf1- phenotype, thereby proving that the
      cloned gene is the SNF1 gene and showing that the phenotype of a true null
      mutation is indistinguishable from that of previously isolated snf1 mutations.

PMID- 6366514
TI  - Isolation and characterization of the centromere from chromosome V (CEN5) of
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - We have cloned a functional centromeric DNA sequence from Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae. Using the 2 mu chromosome-loss mapping technique and meiotic tetrad
      analysis, we have identified this DNA sequence as the centromere of chromosome V
      (CEN5). The CEN5 sequence has been localized on an 1,100-base-pair BamHI-BglII
      restriction fragment. Plasmids containing CEN5 and an autonomously replicating
      sequence are mitotically stable in S. cerevisiae and segregate in a Mendelian
      fashion during meiosis.

PMID- 6366515
TI  - Multiple L double-stranded RNA species of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: evidence for
      separate encapsidation.
AB  - The L double-stranded (ds) RNA component of Saccharomyces cerevisiae may contain
      up to three dsRNA species, each with a distinct sequence but with identical
      molecular weights. These dsRNAs have been separated from each other by
      denaturation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The 3' terminal sequences of
      the major species, LA dsRNA, were determined. Secondary structural analysis
      supported the presence of two stem and loop structures at the 3' terminus of the
      LA positive strand. In strain T132B NK-3, both the LA and LC species are virion
      encapsidated. Two distinct classes of virions were purified from this strain,
      each with a different RNA polymerase activity and with distinct protein
      components. The heavy virions harbored LA dsRNA, whereas the LC dsRNA species co
      purified with the light virion peak. Thus, LA and LC dsRNAs, when present in the
      same cell, may be separately encapsidated.

PMID- 6366516
TI  - Primary structure of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL4 gene.
AB  - The GAL4 gene encodes a positive regulator of the galactose-inducible genes in
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Recently, GAL4 has been cloned and its 2.8-kilobase
      mRNA has been identified. We report here the DNA sequence of GAL4 and the mapping
      of the 5' and 3' ends of its transcripts. The region sequenced contains a single
      open reading frame, 881 codons long, which could encode a 99,350-dalton protein.
      The 5' ends of the GAL4 transcripts fall into two clusters. Transcripts which
      begin at the upstream cluster would encode the 99,350-dalton protein, whereas
      those starting at the downstream cluster may result in the synthesis of a
      shorter, 91,600-dalton protein. The putative GAL4 proteins contain an amino acid
      sequence near their amino termini which resembles a DNA-binding motif found in
      bacterial and phage repressors and gene activator proteins.

PMID- 6366517
TI  - Identification of two proteins encoded by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL4 gene.
AB  - We placed the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL4 gene under control of the galactose
      regulatory system by fusing it to the S. cerevisiae GAL1 promoter. After
      induction with galactose, GAL4 is now transcribed at about 1,000-fold higher
      levels than in wild-type S. cerevisiae. This regulated high-level expression has
      enabled us to tentatively identify two GAL4-encoded proteins.

PMID- 6366518
TI  - Role of the p53 protein in cell proliferation as studied by microinjection of
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Two monoclonal antibodies against the p53 protein, PAb 122 and 200-47, were
      microinjected into mammalian cells as a probe to determine the role of the p53
      protein in cell proliferation. PAb 122 recognizes the p53 proteins of mouse and
      human cells but not of hamster cells, whereas 200-47 recognizes the p53 proteins
      of mouse and hamster cells but not of human cells. The ability of these
      antibodies to inhibit serum-stimulated DNA synthesis of cells in culture
      correlates with their ability to recognize the species-specific antigenic
      determinants. More important, however, is the observation that microinjected PAb
      122 inhibits the transition of Swiss 3T3 cells from G0 to S phase, but has no
      effect on the progression of these cells from mitosis to the S phase.

PMID- 6366519
TI  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD2 gene: isolation, subcloning, and partial
      characterization.
AB  - A plasmid (pNF2000) containing a 9.7-kilobase pair DNA insert that complements
      the UV sensitivity of rad2-1, rad2-2, and rad2-4 mutants of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae has been isolated from a yeast genomic library. Genetic analysis of
      strains derived by transformation of rad2 mutants with an integrating plasmid
      containing a 9.3-kilobase pair fragment from pNF2000 shows that the fragment
      integrates exclusively at the chromosomal rad2 gene. We therefore conclude that
      this plasmid contains the RAD2 gene. The 9.3-kilobase pair fragment was partially
      digested with Sau3A and cloned into a multicopy yeast vector designed for easy
      retrieval of Sau3A inserts. The smallest subclone that retains the RAD2 gene is
      4.5 kilobase pairs. This fragment was partially digested with Sau3A and cloned
      into an integrating plasmid. These plasmids were isolated and integrated into a
      heterozygous rad2/RAD2 strain. Plasmids containing internal fragments of the RAD2
      gene were identified because they yielded UV-sensitive transformants due to
      disruption of the RAD2 gene. Sporulation of diploids transformed with integrating
      plasmids containing internal fragments of RAD2 gave rise to four viable haploids
      per tetrad, indicating that unlike the RAD3 gene of S. cerevisiae, the RAD2 gene
      is not essential for the viability of haploid cells under normal growth
      conditions. Measurements of the RNA transcript by RNA-DNA hybridization with the
      internal fragment as the probe indicate a size of approximately 3.2 kilobases.

PMID- 6366520
TI  - Genetic mapping of Ty elements in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - We used transformation to insert a selectable marker at various sites in the
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome occupied by the transposable element Ty. The
      vector CV9 contains the LEU2+ gene and a portion of the repeated element Ty1-17.
      Transformation with this plasmid resulted in integration of the vector via a
      reciprocal exchange using homology at the LEU2 locus or at the various Ty
      elements that are dispersed throughout the S. cerevisiae genome. These
      transformants were used to map genetically sites of several Ty elements. The 24
      transformants recovered at Ty sites define 19 distinct loci. Seven of these were
      placed on the genetic map. Two classes of Ty elements were identified in these
      experiments: a Ty1-17 class and Ty elements different from Ty1-17. Statistical
      analysis of the number of transformants at each class of Ty elements shows that
      there is preferential integration of the CV9 plasmid into the Ty1-17 class.

PMID- 6366521
TI  - Chromosomal assignment of the murine gene encoding the transformation-related
      protein p53.
AB  - p53 is a transformation-related protein that is encoded by the cellular genome
      and is synthesized at elevated levels in a wide range of different cell line
      types and in primary tumors of various species. By using several independently
      established anti-p53 monoclonal antibodies, it was possible to distinguish
      between p53 of mouse origin and p53 of Chinese hamster origin. By analysis of a
      series of mouse X Chinese hamster hybrid cell lines containing various mouse
      chromosomes, we mapped the p53 gene product to mouse chromosome 11.

PMID- 6366522
TI  - [Clinical results of sealants after 3 years of use].

PMID- 6366523
TI  - [Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in a sample of the elderly in the city of
      Milan].

PMID- 6366524
TI  - [Longtime care of spina bifida patients. Therapy and prognosis in the last 20
      years].
AB  - 206 patients with spina bifida were followed up during the last 20 years; they
      were examined from the pediatric, neurosurgical, urological and orthopedic point
      of view. Evaluation of the intellectual development was also performed. Most of
      the 92 children of the first group were born after Lorber in 1971 proposed a
      selective policy of treatment of newborn infants, 144 (group 2) prior to this
      time. Shunting devices to alleviate hydrocephalus were necessary in two thirds of
      all patients. The incidence of shunt obstruction most commonly of the ventricular
      end was very high during the first two years of age but decreased sharply
      thereafter. Radiological screening disclosed pathological changes of the upper
      urinary tract in more than one fourth of all children, especially in girls. In
      the older group 28% of the patients over 5 years of age were mainly bound to a
      wheelchair, as opposed to 14% in the younger group. Epileptic seizures occurred
      in 27 cases. Children with thorakolumbar lesions proved to have a poorer
      intellectual development than those with lumbosacral lesions. Low IQs (less than
      90) were also evaluated in every second patient with a shunt dependent
      hydrocephalus. Since the adoption of selective treatment the percentage of
      patients with severe handicap has decreased significantly.

PMID- 6366525
TI  - [Pediatric care of the spina bifida child].

PMID- 6366526
TI  - Localization of insulin receptors in primary cultures of fetal rat brain by
      immunocytochemistry.

PMID- 6366527
TI  - Serotonin receptors.

PMID- 6366528
TI  - Enzymatic characterization of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons activating
      rat-liver preparations used in the mutagenicity test of Ames.
AB  - Stability studies were performed on the mono-oxygenase system involved, in
      particular, in the activation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present
      in rat-liver preparations used in the Ames mutagenicity test. The results
      indicated a good stability of the spectral response of the cytochrome-P-450
      system, but a much lower stability of its enzymatic activities measured with
      various substrates, thus showing the inadequacy of the spectral response to
      characterize the PAH mono-oxygenase activity of the preparations. Epoxide
      hydrolase activity was found to be stable. Various mono-oxygenase activities were
      measured in preparations induced with phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene or
      Aroclor 1254. The activities of two enzymes, benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase and
      ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase, were found suitable to characterize the capacity of
      the preparations to metabolize PAH to mutagens. The efficiency of the same
      preparations to promote the mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene and aflatoxin B1 in
      the Ames test was determined. There was an excellent general correlation between
      the efficiencies for mutagenic activation of the preparations and the two
      enzymatic activities mentioned above. Determination of ethoxyresorufin-O
      dealkylase (or benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase) and benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-oxide hydrolase
      activities is proposed for characterizing the rat-liver preparations used in the
      Ames test.

PMID- 6366529
TI  - Microsomal transformation of emodin into a direct mutagen.
AB  - The activation mechanism of emodin, a fungal anthraquinone and constituent of
      rhubarb, into a direct mutagen to Salmonella typhimurium TA1537 was investigated
      by using the S9 and microsomes of rat livers. Upon incubating emodin with the
      hepatic S9 derived from PCB-pretreated rats, this anthraquinone exhibited
      mutagenicity in the presence of NADPH or NADH, and this enzymatic activation,
      maximal at pH 7.0 and occurring in the microsomes, was induced by the
      pretreatment of rats with PCB, 3-methyl-cholanthrene or phenobarbital and was
      inhibited by alpha-naphthoflavone, SKF 525A and carbon monoxide. Thin-layer
      chromatographic analysis revealed that emodin was biotransformed by the
      microsomal enzymes into at least 5 quinonoid metabolites, among which one
      pigment, identified as 2-hydroxyemodin (1,2,3,8-tetrahydroxy-6-methyl
      anthraquinone), was proved to be a direct mutagen to the test strain, and the
      remaining 4 quinoniod metabolites were negative or far less active than this
      active principle.

PMID- 6366530
TI  - Antimutagenic effects of germanium oxide on Trp-P-2-induced frameshift mutations
      in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA1538.
AB  - A germanium compound, germanium oxide (GeO2) behaved as a potent antimutagen on
      frameshift-type reverse mutations induced by 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3
      b]indole (Trp-P-2) in strains of Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA1538 with and
      without a plasmid pKM101, respectively. This metal antimutagen seems to work
      independently of the plasmid, a promotive factor in chemically induced
      mutagenesis through error-prone DNA repair.

PMID- 6366531
TI  - Mutagenesis in multinucleate cells: the effects of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine on Phycomyces spores.
AB  - Multinucleate cells, such as the spores of the fungus Phycomyces, are unsuitable
      for the isolation of recessive mutants. Nuclear killing by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine (henceforth nitrosoguanidine) eliminates all but one of the
      nuclei in some of the cells and allows the expression of recessive mutations.
      Even in the best conditions, only about 35% of the survivors have a single
      functional nucleus. Functionally uninucleate cells can be positively selected.
      This involves the exposure to nitrosoguanidine of the spores of a heterokaryon
      and selection for a recessive marker present in a small fraction of its nuclei.
      The optimal conditions for nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis in Phycomyces differ from
      those for bacteria and yeast. Buffer composition and pH are less important than
      in other organisms. Survival is an exponential function and mutation induction a
      linear function of the dose of the mutagen (concentration X time). Spore
      germination leads to an immediate increase in the number of gene copies per cell,
      thus further hindering the expression of recessive mutations; dominant mutations
      are then nearly always isolated in heterokaryotic form.

PMID- 6366532
TI  - Induction of cytoplasmically inherited respiration-deficient ('petite') mutants
      by photodynamic action of acridine compounds.
AB  - All acridines used (acriflavine, proflavine, acridine orange and 3-azido-10
      methylacridinium chloride) produced killing in yeast cells when activated with
      visible light. Acriflavine, proflavine and 3-azido-10-methylacridinium chloride,
      but not acridine orange, produced petite and sectored colonies. Both cell killing
      and petite induction by light activation of acriflavine resulted apparently from
      photodynamic action mediated by singlet oxygen (1O2) since the effect were
      prevented by either sodium azide or anaerobiosis. The biological effects of 3
      azido-10-methylacridinium chloride, which was developed as a potential
      photoaffinity probe for studying the binding and biological effects of acridines,
      appeared to be due to a photodynamic action analogous to that of acriflavine.
      Sodium azide or anaerobiosis prevented the light-activated effects of 3-azido-10
      methylacridinium chloride despite the fact that the initial chemical breakdown of
      the azido derivative induced by light was not affected. Cells suspended in D2O
      demonstrated an enhanced response to 3-azido-10-methylacridinium chloride with
      irradiation. These results indicate that singlet oxygen mediates the light
      activated biological effects of both acriflavine and 3-azido-10-methylacridinium
      chloride.

PMID- 6366533
TI  - Mutation induction by 365-nm radiation and far-ultraviolet light in Escherichia
      coli strains differing in near- and far-ultraviolet light sensitivity.
AB  - The his-4 locus derived from Escherichia coli strain AB1157 has been transduced
      into 4 E. coli strains that exhibit all 4 possible combinations of genes
      controlling sensitivity to near-ultraviolet light (nur versus nur+) and far
      ultraviolet light (uvrA6 versus uvrA+). The 4 strains exhibited the predicted
      sensitivity to 254-nm radiation based on the sensitivity of the parent strains
      from which they were derived and the frequency of his+ mutations predicted from
      experiments with AB1157 from which the his-4 locus was derived. When the 4
      strains were treated with 365-nm radiation, they exhibited the predicted
      sensitivity based on the near-ultraviolet light sensitivity of the strains from
      which they were derived while his+ mutations were undetectable with the 4 strains
      as well as with strain AB1157. When treated with 365-nm radiation, cells of a
      WP2s strain (a derivative of B/r transduced to his-4) plated on semi-enriched
      medium prepared with casamino acids did not yield induced mutations, whereas
      plating on semi-enriched medium prepared with nutrient broth did yield mutants at
      both the his-4 and trp loci at frequencies at least an order of magnitude lower
      than that observed with far-ultraviolet light. The induction of nutritionally
      independent mutants by 365-nm radiation is strongly dependent on the supplement
      used for semi-enrichment. When compared at equivalent survival levels, mutant
      frequencies are significantly less following 365-nm radiation when compared with
      far-ultraviolet radiation.

PMID- 6366534
TI  - Metal-induced mutagenesis in the lacI gene of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Mutagenesis in the lacI gene of Escherichia coli has been examined in cells grown
      in the presence of beryllium, manganese or chromium compounds, metals with
      suspected mutagenic or carcinogenic potential. 2--3-fold increases in mutation
      frequency were produced by BeCl2, MnCl2 and K2Cr2O7. Among the cells grown in the
      presence of Be2+, the frequency of amber and ochre mutants was 3-fold higher than
      the spontaneous background, suggesting that at least part of the increased
      mutagenicity was due to base-substitution mutations. The specificity of base
      substitution mutations induced by Be2+ and Mn2+ in the lacI gene was analyzed.
      Among the amber mutations induced in cells grown in the presence of Be2+, an
      increase in G:C----A:T transitions was detected. In contrast, following growth in
      Mn2+, no increase in amber and ochre mutation frequencies was observed, and the
      mutational spectrum resembled that obtained spontaneously indicating that
      mutations induced by Mn2+ in the lacI gene involve changes that do not yield
      nonsense mutations. These results suggest that metals may exert a number of
      different mutagenic effects and that these effects vary for each metal.

PMID- 6366535
TI  - Comparison of the Escherichia coli umu+-encoded function with plasmid R46
      mediated error-prone repair in DNA-damaged cells.
AB  - Escherichia coli strain TK701 umu+ was more resistant than strain TK702 umu when
      tested against bleomycin (BLM), cis-platinum(II) diamminodichloride (PDD),
      ultraviolet light and methyl methanesulphonate (MMS), which produce single-strand
      DNA damage. However, the umu mutant was no more sensitive to mitomycin C (MTC) or
      proflavine (PF), which cause double-strand DNA binding. Strain TK702 umu was
      nonmutable by any of the agents, whereas mutations were induced in the wild-type
      strain by PDD, UV, MMS and MTC. The E. coli umu+ function therefore mimics
      plasmid R46-mediated error-prone repair in protecting only against single-strand
      DNA damage, whilst enhancing mutagenesis by both single- and double-strand
      damaging agents. Comparison of plasmid R46-mediated protection and mutagenesis in
      umu+ and umu strains indicated that the plasmid confers a greater error-prone DNA
      repair activity in the mutant. Results are discussed in terms of analogy between
      host umu+ and plasmid muc+ functions.

PMID- 6366536
TI  - Exposure of E. coli to nitrosocimetidine induces the adaptive response to
      alkylating agents.
AB  - The cytotoxic and mutagenic properties of nitrosocimetidine (NC), together with
      its ability to induce the adaptive response DNA-repair pathway were compared with
      those of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) using Escherichia coli as
      test organism. MNNG was found to be 250-fold more cytotoxic and 500-fold more
      mutagenic than NC. Prior cultivation of E. coli in low concentrations of NC
      protected it against the cytotoxic and/or mutagenic effects of challenge with
      either NC or MNNG or methyl methanesulphonate (MMS). Induction of the adaptive
      response by prior cultivation in low concentrations of MNNG reduced the mutagenic
      and cytotoxic effects of subsequent NC challenge. These results lead us to
      conclude that although NC is a less potent mutagen than MNNG, the DNA lesions it
      produces are capable of not only inducing, but also of being repaired by, the
      adaptive response.

PMID- 6366537
TI  - The recombinogenic inactivity of 1-nitropyrene for yeast is due to a deficiency
      in a functional nitroreductase.

PMID- 6366538
TI  - Effects of paternal ethylene dibromide exposure on F1 generation behavior in the
      rat.
AB  - The effects of ethylene dibromide (EDB) exposure to the male rat were studied
      through behavioral assessments of their F1 progeny. Exposed males were bred with
      untreated female rats at 4 or 9 weeks after 5 daily EDB treatments. Behavioral
      assessment of motor reflexes and motor coordination were examined up to 21 days
      of age. Significant differences in the development of motor coordination and
      motor activity were observed in the F1 progeny of EDB-exposed males. These
      results support the evidence of EDB genotoxicity and further demonstrates the
      utility of behavioral end-points of the offspring as a sensitive means of
      assessing paternal reproductive risk.

PMID- 6366539
TI  - The distribution of conduction velocities (DCV) in peripheral nerves: a review.
AB  - Recent advances in digital signal processing have permitted the development of
      clinically relevant, noninvasive, computer-based methods for estimating the
      distribution of conduction velocities (DCV) in motor, sensory, and mixed
      populations of large myelinated nerve fibers. All currently available methods
      incorporate explicit and implicit assumptions about the nature of the unit
      impulses under study. Preliminary investigations using DCV methods have clarified
      some issues concerning conduction of impulses in the different fiber
      subpopulations of normal and diseased human nerves. In the presence of severe
      nerve disease, DCV analysis is usually either impractical or superfluous;
      additional studies are needed to define its range of clinical applicability.
      Extension of this technology to clinical analysis of small myelinated and
      unmyelinated fiber populations will require improvements in the techniques of
      nerve stimulation and recording.

PMID- 6366540
TI  - Study of the morphofunctional alterations produced by fenticonazole on strains of
      Candida albicans, using the scanning electron microscope (S.E.M).

PMID- 6366541
TI  - Identification of autonomous replication sequences in genomic and mitochondrial
      DNA of Crithidia fasciculata.
AB  - High frequency transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used as a
      functional assay to isolate autonomous replication sequences (ars) from the
      genomic and kinetoplast DNA of the insect trypanosomatid Crithidia fasciculata.
      Three independent cloned genomic sequences and one kinetoplast DNA sequence
      promoted high frequency transformation and extrachromosomal maintenance of the
      YIp5 plasmid DNA in yeast. The kinetoplast DNA clone was sub-cloned to further
      localize the DNA sequence essential for ars activity. This element was shown to
      be contained in a 2 kb HindIII-EcoRI fragment derived from a 8 kb HindIII
      fragment of the maxicircle component of the kinetoplast DNA. This 2 kb fragment
      is within a DNA sequence that has been shown to strongly hybridize to Trypanosoma
      brucei maxicircle DNA.

PMID- 6366542
TI  - Effect of temperature upon catalytic properties of alpha-hydroxyacid
      dehydrogenase from Trypanosoma cruzi.
AB  - A comparative study of the effect of temperature (10, 20, 30 and 37 degrees C)
      upon Km and V of alpha-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase (HADH), isozyme I and II, from
      Trypanosoma cruzi, a parasite whose life cycle comprises stages in an insect
      vector, and of another enzyme with analogous substrate specificity, the lactate
      dehydrogenase, isozyme X (LDH X) from mouse, a homeotherm, is presented. The Km
      for alpha-ketoisocaproate of HADH is markedly reduced as temperature decreases.
      This effect can compensate the reduction in thermal energy and produce
      stabilization of the reaction rate. This compensation does not occur with mouse
      LDH X. The activation energy for both HADH isozymes is about half the value
      determined for mouse LDH X. Results indicate that HADH from T. cruzi is able to
      adjust instantaneously to thermal changes of the environment, behaving as other
      enzymes of terrestrial poikilothermic animals.

PMID- 6366543
TI  - Expression of a Trypanosoma brucei brucei variant antigen in Escherichia coli.
AB  - A cDNA library derived from antigenically homogeneous bloodstream stage
      Trypanosoma brucei brucei was screened with an antiserum directed against the
      variant surface antigen (VSA) using an enzyme-linked filter immunoassay. Several
      recombinant clones were detected and the clone giving the most intense reaction
      was further analyzed. It contained a VSA-specific cDNA insert and synthesized a
      protein of the expected molecular weight bearing VSA determinants. The nucleotide
      sequence of the insert was determined and shown to have the unusual codon bias
      characteristic of T. brucei VSAs, frequently employing codons specifying tRNAs
      rare in Escherichia coli. These results indicate that a codon bias very different
      from that of E. coli does not preclude the expression of a cloned sequence to
      detectable levels in this heterologous host.

PMID- 6366544
TI  - Isolation, partial purification and some properties of two acid proteases from
      adult Dirofilaria immitis.
AB  - Two acid proteases were isolated from the soluble extracts of adult Dirofilaria
      immitis, the filarial heartworm of canines. Activity of these proteases was
      detected using 3H-labeled bovine alpha-casein as substrate, and they were
      designated Fp-I and Fp-II in order of their elution from a CM-cellulose column.
      The molecular weight of partially purified Fp-I was approximately 170000, and it
      was active between pH 4.6-5.8. The activity of Fp-I doubled in the presence of
      various sulfhydryl reagents at 5 mM, and it was inhibited 50-60% by the
      sulfhydryl inhibitors p-hydroxymercuribenzoate and iodoacetate at 1 mM, the heavy
      metal chelating agent o-phenanthroline at 1 mM and the peptide aldehyde protease
      inhibitors pepstatin (10 microM), leupeptin, antipain and chymostatin (50
      microM). The molecular weight of the more extensively purified Fp-II is
      approximately 48000. This protease was active between pH 2.6-3.4 and was highly
      sensitive to inhibition by pepstatin (80% inhibition at 10 nM). Fp-II was not
      significantly affected by sulfhydryl reagents, sulfhydryl inhibitors, metal
      chelating agents or peptide aldehyde protease inhibitors other than pepstatin.
      These properties of dirofilarial Fp-II resemble those of mammalian cathepsin D.

PMID- 6366545
TI  - The synthesis and fate of stage-specific proteins in Plasmodium falciparum
      cultures.
AB  - Cultured ring, trophozoite and schizont stages of Plasmodium falciparum were
      metabolically labeled with [35S]methionine. After labeling, cultures were
      incubated for varying times in the presence of non-radioactive methionine. Triton
      soluble proteins from different stages of growth were analysed by sodium
      dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Most proteins were synthesized
      by every stage of growth and remained unchanged throughout the cycle through to
      the ring stage following merozoite invasion of erythrocytes. At least 15
      proteins, most of high molecular weight, were synthesized solely or predominantly
      by schizonts. Eight proteins (approx. 177, 170, 158, 87, 83, 47, 41 and 24 kDa)
      appeared in schizonts but not merozoites. Eight proteins (approx. 240, 203, 106,
      80, 35, 19, 15 and 14 kDa) appeared in merozoites, but not in rings following
      merozoite invasion. Some proteins appeared to be modified after synthesis.

PMID- 6366546
TI  - Inhibition of the growth of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro by covalent
      modification of hemoglobin.
AB  - Antimalarial effects might be expected from compounds that modify hemoglobin.
      Dibromoaspirin and bis(dibromosalicyl) diesters decrease gelation of hemoglobin
      by specific covalent modification (acetylation and crosslinking) of this protein
      but do not interfere with oxygen transport. These compounds were toxic to malaria
      parasites when continuously present in culture, as were drugs with similar
      pharmacological effects such as indomethacin, ibuprofen, and phenylbutazone.
      Aspirin and acetaminophen were much less effective. When erythrocytes were
      pretreated with these compounds prior to parasite exposure, only dibromoaspirin
      and dibromosalicyl diesters prevented parasite development. The modified
      hemoglobin was highly resistant to digestion by cathepsin D and parasite
      proteases, suggesting that covalent modifications of hemoglobin that do not
      disrupt normal hemoglobin function have antimalarial effects.

PMID- 6366547
TI  - A comparative study of the proteolytic enzymes of Trypanosoma brucei, T.
      equiperdum, T. evansi, T. vivax, Leishmania tarentolae and Crithidia fasciculata.
AB  - Four types of proteolytic activity were detected in the bloodstream form of each
      of the four Trypanosoma species: (i) HPAase, active on hide powder azure and
      detected on polyacrylamide gels containing denatured haemoglobin; (ii) AZCase,
      active on azocasein; (iii) type 1, active on the chromogenic peptide N-benzoyl-L
      prolyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginine p-nitroanilide in the presence of
      dithiothreitol, and (iv) type 2, active against several nitroanilide derivatives
      in the absence of dithiothreitol. Studies of the pH optimum, dithiothreitol
      requirement and inhibitor sensitivities of the proteolytic activities suggested
      that: (a) HPAase and type 1 activities could be due to the same enzymes, probably
      a family of cysteine proteinases; (b) AZCase had some characteristics of a
      cysteine proteinase, but was not identical to HPAase, and (c) type 2 activity
      could be due to a serine proteinase. Procyclic T. brucei contained relatively low
      cysteine proteinase activities (HPAase, AZCase and type 1) but high type 2
      activity. Their proteolytic enzymes thus were apparently more similar to those in
      Crithidia fasciculata and Leishmania tarentolae promastigotes than those in T.
      brucei bloodstream forms.

PMID- 6366548
TI  - Characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi hexokinase.
AB  - Properties of hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1) from Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote forms
      (Tulahuen strain) were studied and compared with enzymes from other sources. The
      enzyme activity was 37 units g-1 of wet cells (1.2 units mg-1 protein).
      Hexokinase showed Km values for glucose and ATP of 0.09 and 0.4 mM, respectively.
      The enzyme reacted with other nucleotides too. N-Acetylglucosamine was a
      competitive inhibitor with respect to glucose (Ki = 0.3 mM). ADP inhibited the
      enzyme competitively with respect to ATP (Ki = 1.5 mM) and noncompetitively with
      respect to glucose (Ki = 7 mM). The enzyme was markedly inhibited by 5
      thioglucose, its Ki value was 0.4 mM. Hexokinase activity was not affected by
      glucose 6-phosphate.

PMID- 6366549
TI  - Kinetoplast DNA, mitochondrial DNA with a difference.
AB  - Kinetoplast DNA occurs in flagellated protozoa belonging to the order
      Kinetoplastida. Kinetoplast DNA contains tens of maxicircles and thousands of
      minicircles which are catenated into a single network in each cell. Maxicircles
      contain genetic information analogous to that in other mitochondrial DNAs.
      Maxicircles encode mitochondrial ribosomal RNAs and hybridize with mitochondrial
      gene sequences from other organisms. Minicircles evolve rapidly, may not be
      transcribed, and vary greatly in total complexity among genera. The functions of
      minicircles and the network structure are unknown.

PMID- 6366550
TI  - Adjuvant therapy of colon cancer--results of a prospectively randomized trial.
AB  - After curative surgical resection, 621 patients with modified Dukes' stage B2,
      C1, or C2 colon carcinoma were randomly assigned to one of four treatment
      programs. These included chemotherapy with fluorouracil and semustine,
      immunotherapy with methanol extraction residue of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG),
      combination therapy with fluorouracil, semustine, and immunotherapy, or close
      follow-up without adjuvant treatment. Treatment continued for 70 weeks. After a
      median of 51/2 years of follow-up, no significant differences were noted in
      either recurrence or survival rates among the four treatment programs. Leukemia
      developed in seven patients, all of whom had received fluorouracil and semustine.
      The results of this study do not support the use of chemotherapy with
      fluorouracil and semustine, immunotherapy with methanol extraction residue of
      BCG, or their combination as an adjuvant treatment program for patients at high
      risk for recurrent colon carcinoma. The data do, however, demonstrate the
      necessity for an untreated control group in a trial of adjuvant therapy for colon
      cancer.

PMID- 6366552
TI  - David, Goliath, et al.

PMID- 6366551
TI  - The "dawn phenomenon"--a common occurrence in both non-insulin-dependent and
      insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The dawn phenomenon is a condition recently described in patients with insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) that is characterized by abrupt increases in
      fasting levels of plasma glucose or insulin requirements or both between 5 and 9
      a.m., in the absence of antecedent hypoglycemia. To determine its potential
      clinical relevance, we assessed its frequency and reproducibility in 20 patients
      with IDDM and in 13 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)
      during overnight closed-loop (feedback-controlled) intravenous insulin infusion.
      After 6 a.m., plasma glucose levels increased similarly in NIDDM (89 +/- 2 mg per
      deciliter, midnight to 6 a.m., vs. 98 +/- 2 mg per deciliter, 6 to 9 a.m.; P less
      than 0.01). Insulin requirements increased at least 50 per cent for 1 1/2 hours
      in 77 per cent of patients with NIDDM and in 75 per cent of patients with IDDM.
      In five patients with IDDM who were studied on four occasions, the phenomenon
      occurred during 17 of the 20 observation periods, with insulin requirements after
      6 a.m. increasing 225 +/- 34 per cent; coefficients of variation in individual
      patients ranged from 4 to 25 per cent. Thus, the dawn phenomenon occurs commonly
      in both NIDDM and IDDM, but its potential variability must be taken into
      consideration when one is attempting to adjust insulin doses.

PMID- 6366553
TI  - The effect of cessation and resumption of moderate alcohol intake on serum high
      density-lipoprotein subfractions. A controlled study.
AB  - High-density lipoproteins (HDL) in plasma may be divided into two subfractions:
      less dense HDL2, the concentration of which appears to be negatively associated
      with coronary heart disease, and more dense HDL3, which is reportedly unrelated
      to coronary disease. Alcohol consumption correlates with both reduced coronary
      heart disease and increased plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations; however, the
      relation of moderate alcohol intake to HDL2 and HDL3 is obscure. To study the
      effect of alcohol on these HDL subfractions, we randomly assigned 24 men who were
      moderate drinkers to an abstention group (n = 12) or a control drinking group (n
      = 12). After six weeks, concentrations of HDL cholesterol and HDL3 mass were
      decreased in abstainers but not in drinkers (P less than or equal to 0.05),
      whereas HDL2 mass was unchanged. Resumption of drinking increased the levels of
      HDL cholesterol and HDL3 mass (P less than or equal to 0.05) without affecting
      HDL2 mass. These data suggest that the association of alcohol with coronary
      disease is not mediated by increases in plasma HDL2 levels. Furthermore, the HDL3
      fraction may not be "inert" with respect to coronary heart disease, or the
      association of alcohol with coronary disease may operate through mechanisms
      unrelated to HDL.

PMID- 6366554
TI  - Remission of essential hypertension after renal transplantation.

PMID- 6366555
TI  - The politics of transplantation.

PMID- 6366556
TI  - Hospital cost shifting.

PMID- 6366557
TI  - Current concepts. Primary sclerosing cholangitis.
AB  - Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a progressive, ultimately fatal, chronic
      hepatobiliary disorder for which no effective medical or surgical therapy now
      exists. The syndrome occurs most commonly in young men and is characterized by a
      chronic cholestatic syndrome, frequent association with chronic ulcerative
      colitis, hepatic copper overload, a paucity of serologic markers, and
      characteristic abnormalities in some liver-biopsy specimens and most
      cholangiograms. The natural history of the syndrome is unclear; the disease is
      likely to progress slowly and relentlessly, over a decade or longer, from an
      asymptomatic stage to a condition characterized by symptoms of cholestasis and
      complicated by cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and possibly carcinoma of the bile
      ducts. Screening techniques based on automated biochemical analyses are likely to
      lead to a diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis in increasing numbers of
      patients, perhaps in the early, preicteric stage. An increased level of serum
      alkaline phosphatase in a young man, particularly if he has chronic ulcerative
      colitis, should strongly suggest the presence of this syndrome and the need for
      additional diagnostic studies. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and liver
      biopsy should be considered under these circumstances.

PMID- 6366558
TI  - Recurrence of Ph'-positive leukemia in donor cells after marrow transplantation
      for chronic granulocytic leukemia.

PMID- 6366559
TI  - The physician's responsibility under the new Medicare reimbursement for hospice
      care.

PMID- 6366560
TI  - Controlled trial of methylprednisolone and chlorambucil in idiopathic membranous
      nephropathy.
AB  - Sixty-seven adults with idiopathic membranous nephropathy and the nephrotic
      syndrome were randomly assigned to symptomatic treatment only or to a six-month
      course of methylprednisolone alternated with chlorambucil every other month.
      Patients were followed for one to seven years. At the end of follow-up (mean of
      31.4 +/- 18.2 months for the treated group and 37.0 +/- 22.0 for the control
      group) 23 of 32 treated patients were in complete or partial remission, as
      compared with 9 of 30 control patients (P = 0.001). Twelve of the treated
      patients were in complete remission, as compared with only two of the controls.
      In the treated group there were no changes in renal function during follow-up,
      whereas in the control group the reciprocal of the plasma creatinin level, which
      is proportional to the creatinine clearance, decreased significantly (P =
      0.00017) after two years of follow-up. Side effects were minimal in all treated
      patients except two, who were dropped from the study because of peptic ulcer and
      gastric intolerance to chlorambucil. We conclude that steroid and chlorambucil
      treatment for six months favors remission of the nephrotic syndrome in adults
      with idiopathic membranous nephropathy and can preserve renal function for at
      least some years.

PMID- 6366561
TI  - Cigarette smoking and the treatment of angina with propranolol, atenolol, and
      nifedipine.
AB  - To determine whether cigarette smoking affects the results of drug treatment for
      angina, we studied 10 cigarette smokers with angina who were given placebo,
      nifedipine (60 mg per day), propranolol (240 mg per day), and atenolol (100 mg
      per day), each for one week. The four-week double-blind study was repeated with
      the same randomly determined order of drug sequences, after all 10 subjects had
      stopped smoking. Before and after the subjects stopped smoking, all three drugs
      significantly reduced the frequency of angina, as measured with angina diaries,
      and improved the results of maximal exercise testing and 48-hour ambulatory
      monitoring of ST segments (P less than 0.01). However, during the nonsmoking
      phase of the study, there was an overall decline in the frequency of angina and
      an improvement in performance on exercise testing (P less than 0.05) as compared
      with the smoking period, although the results of 48-hour ambulatory monitoring
      remained unchanged. The improvement after patients stopped smoking was greater
      during treatment with nifedipine than during administration of the other two
      drugs or placebo. Blood levels of propranolol were increased when patients
      stopped smoking; levels of nifedipine and atenolol were unchanged. Our data show
      that smoking had direct and adverse effects on the heart and interfered with the
      efficacy of all three anti-anginal drugs, but with nifedipine the most.

PMID- 6366562
TI  - Breast imaging.
AB  - The majority of information available today indicates that the most efficient and
      accurate method of screening women to detect early-stage breast cancer is an
      aggressive program of patient self-examination, physical examination by well
      trained, motivated personnel, and high-quality x-ray mammography. There are two
      important factors in the implementation of mammographic screening. The first is
      the availability of facilities to perform high-quality, low-dose mammography,
      which is directly related to the second factor: the expense to society for
      support of this large-scale effort. Cost-benefit analysis is beyond the scope of
      this review. In 1979 Moskowitz and Fox attempted to address this issue, using
      data from the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project in Cincinnati, but
      additional analysis is required. The cost for each "curable" cancer that is
      detected must be compared with the psychological, social, and personal losses
      that accrue, as well as the numerous medical expenses incurred, in a frequently
      protracted death from breast cancer. All other imaging techniques that have been
      reviewed should be regarded as adjuncts to rather than replacements for
      mammographic screening (Table 1). Ultrasound and computerized tomography are
      helpful when the physical examination and mammogram are equivocal. Other
      techniques, such as transillumination, thermography, and magnetic-resonance
      imaging, should be considered experimental. In patients with clinically evident
      lesions, x-ray mammography is helpful to evaluate the suspicious area, as well as
      to "screen" the remaining tissue in both breasts and to search for multicentric
      or bilateral lesions. Mammography is the only imaging technique that has been
      proved effective for screening. The low doses required by present-day
      mammographic technology pose a possible risk that is so small it is not
      measurable. The image quality has improved considerably over the past decade, and
      data supporting the benefits of mammography are increasing. As a result, the
      American Cancer Society has recently modified its recommendations to include
      mammographic screening of asymptomatic women beginning at the age of 40 years
      (Table 2). Before any new system can be considered a replacement for mammographic
      screening, carefully executed trials are necessary to prove efficacy beyond
      anecdotal claims.

PMID- 6366563
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 15-1984. Mass in the iris and a skin rash in a young man.

PMID- 6366564
TI  - Acyclovir for varicella zoster infection.

PMID- 6366565
TI  - Effects of 4-aminopyridine in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 6366566
TI  - Rapid enumeration of S-phase cells by means of monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 6366567
TI  - A conversation with Fidel Castro about health services.

PMID- 6366568
TI  - Effects of growth temperatures on plating efficiencies and stabilities of
      heterokaryons of Candida albicans.
AB  - Heterokaryons (hets) of Candida albicans constructed by fusing protoplasts of
      complementing auxotrophs produce heterogeneous clones on minimal medium
      consisting of (i) a minority of slow-growing hets, (ii) a preponderance of non
      growing, parental-type auxotrophic monokaryons, and (iii) some prototrophic
      monokaryons bearing hybrid nuclei. Hets grown at a given temperature within the
      range 25 degrees C to 41 degrees C replate with higher efficiencies at any lower
      temperature and exhibit progressively declining plating efficiencies as plate
      temperatures increase beyond that at which they were initially grown. Neither
      auxotrophic nor prototrophic monokaryons show such responses. Growth of colonies
      produced by hets, wild-type strains or prototrophic hybrid monokaryons is
      stimulated by temperatures in the order, 37 degrees C greater than 30 degrees C
      greater than 41 degrees C greater than 25 degrees C. However, the proportion of
      hets to auxotrophic monokaryons within individual het clones increases directly
      from 25 degrees C to 41 degrees C. Though this pattern obtains whether colonies
      are compared at equivalent sizes or ages, het frequencies decline as colonies age
      at all temperatures. Appearance of hybrid monokaryons within het clones is
      unaffected by growth temperature. The relationships of temperatures to plating
      efficiencies and stabilities of hets are independent of the natures of their
      complementing auxotrophies or the wild-type backgrounds of their nuclear
      components and are, therefore, functions of heterokaryosis per se. Modifications
      of these relationships by selective metabolic antagonists or by growth of hets on
      different pre- and post-plating carbon sources indicate that they reflect
      temperature-dependent properties of mitochondria which are peculiar to hets.

PMID- 6366569
TI  - Ultrastructural features of phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Candida
      albicans by mouse polymorphonuclear phagocyte monolayers.
AB  - Phagocyte monolayers provided a simple method of following ultrastructural events
      associated with phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Candida albicans.
      Preformed monolayers of mouse polymorphonuclear (PMN) phagocytes attached to
      glass coverslips were incubated with blastospore phase C. albicans and then
      examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Scanning electron
      microscopy revealed phagocytosis of C. albicans by mouse phagocytes. Ingestion of
      the organism was facilitated by the production of lamellipodia by the phagocytes.
      Transmission electron microscopy revealed complete phagocytosis of C. albicans
      and the fusion of lysosomal granules with loose and tight phagosomes. Ingested C.
      albicans remained structurally intact after 2 hr incubation in blastospore-free
      medium. However, cytoplasmic alterations were clearly evident, with a patchy loss
      of electron density. Alterations of the blastospore cell wall were also observed,
      with complete disruption of the plasma membrane but the wall remaining
      morphologically intact.

PMID- 6366570
TI  - Cell-mediated immunity following experimental vaccinations with Candida albicans
      ribosomes.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to ascertain whether cell-mediated immunity
      (CMI) is induced in animals by vaccination with Candida albicans ribosomes.
      Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) was detected in vivo in ribosome-vaccinated
      mice and guinea pigs by the footpad swelling and skin tests, respectively. The
      observed DTH was similar to that induced by live C. albicans organisms. A
      lymphocyte transformation assay was used for in vitro detection of CMI. The
      tritiated thymidine incorporation assays revealed that spleen lymphocytes from
      mice immunized with C. albicans ribosomes were stimulated by the ribosomal
      antigen. The findings establish that C. albicans ribosomes are able to induce CMI
      in experimental animals.

PMID- 6366571
TI  - [Non-caloric compounds with fat-like functional properties (pseudofats)].
AB  - The review deals with the synthesis, characterization, physicochemical and
      physiological properties with respect to nutrition of acaloric fat-like compounds
      (pseudofats) with special regard to fatty acid esters of sucrose, glycerol ethers
      and glycerol dicarbonic acid esters. Furthermore an outlook is given of other
      classes of compounds that are potentially suited to substitute fat as for
      instance polycarbonic acid-, polyglycerol-, and polyglycol derivatives.

PMID- 6366572
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies identify blastemal cells derived from dedifferentiating
      limb regeneration.
AB  - Blastemal cells arise after the amputation of limbs or tails in urodele
      amphibians. These histologically undifferentiated mesenchymal cells divide and
      subsequently differentiate to regenerate a new appendage. Various studies
      (reviewed in ref. 1) indicate that blastemal cells arise from tissues near the
      site of amputation, including muscle, cartilage, nerve and dermis. The
      multinucleated myofibre, however, is a controversial source of blastemal cells.
      The suggestion that myofibres can dedifferentiate is based on their histological
      appearance during the early stages of limb regeneration. This is contrary to the
      widely accepted view of muscle regeneration in higher vertebrates which
      attributes it to satellite cells. One prediction of the dedifferentiation
      hypothesis is that a population with properties of both myofibres and blastema
      cells should be present during the early stages of regeneration. Here we
      described the isolation of two monoclonal antibodies, one that recognizes an
      antigen found only in myofibres and another that recognizes an antigen restricted
      to blastemal cells. By using these antibodies as cell markers, we can detect a
      small population of cells in the regenerating limbs of adult newts that bear both
      the myofibre and blastemal cell antigens. The time and location of these double
      labelled cells supports the idea that blastemal cells originate, in part, by
      dedifferentiation of myofibres.

PMID- 6366573
TI  - Lymphocyte suppression in leprosy induced by unique M. leprae glycolipid.
AB  - Leprosy remains a significant medical and social problem in many developing
      countries. The varied forms of the disease form a spectrum. At one pole,
      tuberculoid leprosy, patients develop high levels of cell-mediated immunity which
      results in the killing and clearing of bacilli in the tissues. At the lepromatous
      pole, patients exhibit a selective immunological unresponsiveness to antigens of
      Mycobacterium leprae so that the organisms inexorably multiply in the skin. We
      have suggested that in lepromatous leprosy one or a small number of unique
      antigenic determinants present on M. leprae might induce specific suppressor
      cells that inhibit the reactivity of helper T-cell clones capable of recognizing
      other specific or cross reactive determinants. Although unique epitopes have been
      identified by monoclonal antibodies on a small number of M. leprae proteins, the
      only unique species of antigen present in M. leprae, and not on any other species
      of mycobacteria so far examined, is a phenolic glycolipid (gly-I). We show here
      that this unique antigen of M. leprae is capable of inducing suppression of
      mitogenic responses of lepromatous patients' lymphocytes in vitro and provide
      evidence that the suppressor T cells recognize the specific terminal
      trisaccharide moiety.

PMID- 6366574
TI  - Growth regulation of a cellular tumour antigen, p53, in nontransformed cells.
AB  - Many transformed cells in culture have been found to express elevated levels of a
      cellular tumour antigen, termed p53. This protein has also been implicated in the
      regulation of cellular growth. For these reasons experiments were designed to
      examine the expression of p53 as quiescent cultures of nontransformed 3T3
      fibroblasts were stimulated to reenter the cell cycle. Synchronous populations of
      cells were obtained by releasing a culture from density-dependent inhibition of
      growth with the addition of fresh serum. Steady-state levels of p53 protein and
      mRNA were measured as a function of time after addition of serum to quiescent
      cultures and the rate of synthesis of p53 protein was analysed at a number of
      time points. The results, reported here, demonstrate an increase in the synthesis
      and steady-state levels of p53 protein and mRNA prior to DNA synthesis in late
      G1, and suggest a role for p53 in the progression of cells from a growth-arrested
      state to an actively dividing state.

PMID- 6366575
TI  - Radiography of the living brain.

PMID- 6366576
TI  - The Durham connection to Germany.

PMID- 6366577
TI  - Double, triple, toil and trouble--Darvocet intoxication.

PMID- 6366578
TI  - Cut off from people.

PMID- 6366579
TI  - Corporate restructuring: one answer to TEFRA's challenge.

PMID- 6366580
TI  - Medicaid payments for nursing home services in North Carolina.

PMID- 6366582
TI  - Life with father.

PMID- 6366581
TI  - Babies hospital, 1920-1978.

PMID- 6366583
TI  - Forty-five years with Dr. Sidbury.

PMID- 6366584
TI  - Outpatient adolescent gynecologic disorders.

PMID- 6366586
TI  - Officers: 1983-1984 North Carolina Medical Society.

PMID- 6366585
TI  - The state of medicine in 1912.

PMID- 6366587
TI  - James Bell Bullitt, M.D., 1874-1964: a University of North Carolina medical
      giant.

PMID- 6366588
TI  - [Immunologic determination of surface determinants on cells in the cerebrospinal
      fluid of children with acute lymphatic leukemia].

PMID- 6366590
TI  - [Food infection caused by shrimp].

PMID- 6366589
TI  - [The reliability of digital subtraction angiography for the demonstration of
      carotid stenosis].

PMID- 6366591
TI  - [Routine determination of serum digoxin and theophylline levels; no superfluous
      luxury].

PMID- 6366592
TI  - [Peer review. I. A review of the American literature].

PMID- 6366594
TI  - [Yes or no for periodontal surgery].

PMID- 6366593
TI  - [Evaluation of single crowns and post restorations in general practice].

PMID- 6366596
TI  - Dedication to Dr. Willem J. Kolff.

PMID- 6366595
TI  - [Vestibuloplasty by augmentation or interposed onlay?].

PMID- 6366597
TI  - The legacy of 'Pim' Kolff.

PMID- 6366598
TI  - Notes of a Kolff-watcher.

PMID- 6366599
TI  - Artificial cells in hemoperfusion and other applications.
AB  - The present status of artificial cells is discussed. Discussions include the
      applications of artificial cells for acute intoxication, artificial kidney,
      artificial liver, immunosorbents, red blood cell substitutes, enzyme replacements
      and other areas.

PMID- 6366600
TI  - Influence of splenectomy on human acute tubular necrosis.
AB  - The incidence of acute tubular necrosis (need for hemodialysis immediately after
      transplantation) and its severity (the number of days dialysis was needed) were
      studied in 299 patients who were randomized prior to transplantation into
      undergoing splenectomy or not having splenectomy. There was no difference in the
      incidence of acute tubular necrosis between splenectomized and nonsplenectomized
      patients who received cadaveric grafts or kidneys from living related donors. In
      those patients in the cadaveric group who had acute tubular necrosis, the
      duration of need for dialysis was significantly less (p less than 0.05) in the
      splenectomized group (means = 8.9 days) when compared to the non-splenectomized
      group (means = 13.2 days). Animal experiments indicate that sustained
      prostaglandin release may be responsible for the decreased incidence and
      amelioration of acute tubular necrosis in splenectomized animals. Our study
      suggests that conclusions made in dogs about the influence of splenectomy on
      acute tubular necrosis may be applied to humans. Prostaglandin infusion may be a
      worthwhile method to abolish or ameliorate human acute tubular necrosis.

PMID- 6366601
TI  - A statistical review of variables predictive of adjustment in hemodialysis
      patients.

PMID- 6366602
TI  - Cognitive impairment of Alzheimer disease.
AB  - The clinical signs of Alzheimer Disease can be quantitated and correlated with
      neuropathological evidence of the disease. These clinical signs which include
      amnesia, aphasia and apraxia can be screened for using instruments such as the
      Mini-Mental State Exam. In addition, each of these cognitive functions can be
      quantitated using specific tests. Standardized scores are available for a mini
      mental state but further research is needed to develop normative data for more
      detailed psychological assessment tests of specific cognitive deficits. The fact
      that the cognitive impairment predicts the neuropathology and also the presence
      of a familial disorder, provides the basis for the validity of these
      characteristic cognitive signs and the rationale for developing more standardized
      versions of these tests.

PMID- 6366603
TI  - Pathogenesis of dialysis encephalopathy.
AB  - Among patients with renal failure, there have been impressive modifications of
      both the duration and quality of life as a result of dialysis, renal
      transplantation, and improved medical management. However, patients who have
      renal failure continue to manifest a variety of neurologic disorders. Patients
      with chronic renal failure who have not yet received dialytic therapy may develop
      a symptom complex progressing from mild sensorial clouding to delirium and coma,
      with tremor, asterixis, multifocal myoclonus, and seizures. Even after the
      institution of otherwise adequate maintenance dialysis therapy, patients may
      continue to be afflicted with more subtle nervous system dysfunction, including
      impaired mentation, generalized weakness, and peripheral neuropathy. The central
      nervous system disorders of both untreated renal failure and that persisting
      despite dialysis are referred to as uremic encephalopathy. The dialytic treatment
      of end stage renal disease has itself been associated with the emergence of two
      distinct, new disorders of the central nervous system: Dialysis dysequilibrium
      and dialysis dementia. The dialysis disequilibrium syndrome consists of headache,
      nausea, muscle cramps, obtundation and seizures, and is a consequence of the
      initiation of dialysis therapy in some patients. Dialysis dementia is a
      progressive, generally fatal encephalopathy which affects patients on chronic
      hemodialysis. This disease also appears to be a complication of the therapy for
      renal failure.

PMID- 6366604
TI  - [Factors influencing the survival of the patient and the graft in kidney
      transplants].
AB  - The influence of several prognostic factors in kidney transplantation was studied
      by the actuarial method from the data collected on 332 grafts performed at one
      center from 1971 to 1982. Taking into account the various interactions between
      these factors, 3 survival parameters were calculated: patient's survival,
      immunologic tolerance of the graft and overall graft survival. The relevant
      prognostic factors, ranked in decreasing order, are: origin of the graft,
      immunosuppressive therapy, recipient's age, recipient's HBs status and number of
      blood transfusions administered prior to transplantation, HLA presensitization
      and HLA-A,B matching. Integration of these factors leads to a precise estimation
      of the risk of transplantation from the characteristics of the graft and those of
      the potential recipients, thereby allowing to select the best candidate.

PMID- 6366605
TI  - [Removal of the kidney following in situ perfusion].
AB  - Kidneys of potential donors undergoing sudden cardiac arrest are generally not
      gathered because the warm ischemia time is too long until nephrectomy. A rapid in
      situ cold perfusion technique was developed to preserve kidneys in 21 brain-dead
      patients after cardiac arrest not responding to cardiac resuscitation. In 7 of
      the 21 potential donors, the in situ perfusion was unsuccessful. In 14 other
      subjects this technique permitted to save 15 transplantable kidneys; 1 month
      after grafting, the renal function was similar to that observed in kidneys
      gathered in living patients. The in situ perfusion technique allows to increase
      by nearly 10% the efficacy of kidney gathering.

PMID- 6366606
TI  - Aging-related reduced release of LH-releasing hormone from hypothalamic granules.
AB  - The effects of aging on the secretory function of hypothalamic granules
      containing luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) were examined, using
      chelated copper as a test substance. Granules prepared from old and young female
      rats were each incubated with various concentrations of CuATP and the kinetic
      constants of LHRH release estimated. The LHRH content of the hypothalamus of old
      female rats (3.4 +/- 0.1 ng; mean +/- S.E.; n = 3 determinations) was lower than
      that of young female rats (4.7 +/- 0.1 ng; n = 3). CuATP-stimulated LHRH release
      (pg/hypothalamus) from granules isolated from old animals was significantly (p
      less than 0.001) lower than that from granules isolated from young animals; Vmax
      being 58.5 +/- 1.6 pg (n = 36) and 76.7 +/- 2.7 pg (n = 34) of LHRH released/min,
      respectively. In contrast, the fractional amount of CuATP-stimulated release of
      LHRH from granules isolated from old and young rats was similar; Vmax being 60 +/
      0.5% and 62 +/- 1% of granule LHRH released, respectively. In addition, the
      apparent Km for CuATP-stimulated release of LHRH from granules of old and young
      rats was also similar, 5.1 and 5.5 microM copper, respectively. These results are
      suggestive that aging does not alter the responsiveness of LHRH-containing
      granules to a secretion-stimulus such as copper but it does alter the capacity
      (amount) of peptide released.

PMID- 6366607
TI  - [Metronidazole as a radiation-sensitizing agent in the treatment of brain
      gliomas].

PMID- 6366608
TI  - [Surgery of atlanto-axial dislocation].

PMID- 6366609
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of neurophysin and oxytocin in the sheep corpora
      lutea.
AB  - Antisera raised against neurophysin, oxytocin and vasopressin were used, in
      conjunction with the immunofluorescence procedure, to localize the neuropeptides
      in corpora luteal tissue collected from sheep at estrus. Specific immunostaining
      for neurophysin and oxytocin was observed in all the giant cells of the corpora
      lutea. In the series of corpora lutea examined staining for vasopressin was not
      observed.

PMID- 6366610
TI  - Hyperzincemia in anencephaly and spina bifida: a clue to the pathogenesis of
      neural tube defects?
AB  - Zinc is essential for normal embryogenesis and may have particular importance for
      closure of the human neural tube. Compared to 258 controls, we found increased
      zinc content in umbilical cord serum in eight of nine newborn anencephalics (p
      less than 0.02) and three infants with spina bifida (p less than 0.001).
      Increased zinc levels were bound to serum albumin or alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha
      2M) in infants with neural tube defects (NTD). In NTD-mothers, total serum zinc
      was similar to controls, but there was a shift in the distribution of zinc from
      alpha 2M to albumin. Fetal hyperzincemia and elevated maternal albumin-bound zinc
      suggest that the NTD-fetus receives but does not use zinc normally.

PMID- 6366611
TI  - Fragments of neurologic history: phrenology's founders look at the spinal cord.

PMID- 6366612
TI  - When is posterior not dorsal but medial?
AB  - The title refers to the two different but synonymous longitudinal midbrain
      bundles, one of which had two names. Described as early as 1846 by Benedict
      Stilling, our medial longitudinal fasciculus was first called "acusticus," then
      "posterior," by Theodor Meynert in 1872. Many authorities in neurology continued
      to call it "posterior" well into the 20th century. When, in 1891, Heinrich Schutz
      described the other longitudinal bundle, the one which was to keep his name
      alive, he chose the word dorsal--"for brevity's sake." Here Ramon y Cajal's
      alternative suggestion of "peri-ependymal" (1904) failed to achieve popularity,
      not to speak of Theodor Ziehen's nubecula dorsalis (1913). It probably was
      Wilhelm His, Sr, who in 1895 first prescribed the change from "posterior" to
      "medial" for the benefit of the Basle Nomenclature and an end to the confusion.

PMID- 6366613
TI  - [Methylprednisolone sodium succinate in acute myocardial infarct].

PMID- 6366614
TI  - [One of the most severe complications of the surgical resection of the trachea:
      rupture of the innominate artery].

PMID- 6366615
TI  - A new technique of partial auxiliary heterotopic liver transplantation.
AB  - A description is given of a new technique for partial heterotopic liver
      transplantation carried out in canine and porcine models. This simple technique
      can be carried out without the complications of orthotopic liver transplantation
      because of the nature of the vascular anastomosis. The construction of a long
      side-to-side anastomosis between the inferior caval vein of the receiver and the
      inferior caval vein of the graft provides a free and unimpeded outflow from the
      graft and prevents kinking at the anastomotic site.

PMID- 6366616
TI  - [A multicenter study on the effectiveness of non-steroidal anti- inflammatory
      agents associated with nandrolone decanoate in the management of osteoarthritis
      and rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 6366617
TI  - [Effects of nandrolone decanoate on bone mineral content and intestinal
      absorption of calcium].
AB  - To evaluate the effects of a long-term treatment with nandrolone decanoate on
      metabolism of the skeleton, a double-blind randomized study was carried out in
      women with joint diseases without metabolic bone derangement. Ten patients were
      treated with 50 mg of nandrolone decanoate every three weeks for two years; in
      six subjects a treatment with placebo was performed. As it concerns plasma
      calcium and phosphate, serum alkaline phosphatase, urinary excretion of calcium,
      phosphate, hydroxyproline and cAMP, as parathyroid index, it was not observed
      significant differences in the two examined groups. While in placebo group at the
      end of the study the intestinal radiocalcium remained unchanged and bone mineral
      content showed a slight decrease, on the contrary nandrolone decanoate treatment
      promoted a significant improvement in intestinal calcium absorption and an
      increase in bone mineral content.

PMID- 6366618
TI  - [Cigarette smoking. A pilot project of dehabituation and experimental research].
AB  - An interdisciplinary approach was adopted in a pilot programme research project
      as the most effective way to obtain concrete results in curing tobacco-addiction.
      The various stages and effects of the treatment are analysed as a means of
      identifying the most appropriate techniques. The early results are reported under
      separate headings according to treatment type (psychological, neurophysiological,
      dietary, clinical, chemical).

PMID- 6366619
TI  - [Clinical significance of antinuclear antibodies in progressive systemic
      sclerosis].
AB  - Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) was used to detect antinuclear antibodies (ANA)
      in 42 clinical cases. In each case cryostatic rat kidney slices and cultivated
      HEp-2 cells were used as substrates. Clinical diagnoses were as follow:
      Progressive Systemic Sclerosis (PSS) 25 cases, of which 8 were acrosclerotic, 8
      diffuse, 5 CREST syndrome, 1 overlap PSS + Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and
      3 PSS + myopathy; Localised scleroderma (morphea): 3 cases; Mixed Connective
      Tissue Disease (MCTD): 3 cases; "Idiopathic" Raynaud's Disease (RD): 4 cases;
      Dermatomyositis (DM): 2 cases (1 paraneoplastic); SLE: 1 case; Unclassifiable
      Connective Tissue Disease (UCTD): 4 cases. The ANA-positive cases identified by
      the traditional technique were divided according to pattern into 4 categories:
      homogeneous, peripheral, speckled, nucleolar. In contrast those identified using
      HEp-2 cells were divided into 9 pattern groups: (nuclear type) centromere, fine
      speckled, coarse speckled, diffusely grainy, homogeneous: (nucleolar type)
      speckled, clumpy, homogeneous. The results demonstrated a higher general
      incidence of positivity with HEp-2 cells and confirmed the close connection
      between Anticentromere ANA and CREST syndrome. A similarly close connection was
      noted between MCTD and both nuclear diffusely grainy and nucleolar speckled
      patterns. A fairly clear connection was also noted between acrosclerotic or
      diffuse SSP and a fine speckled nuclear pattern. It is felt that ANA tests using
      IFI on HEp-2 cells should lead to significant progress in the field of diagnosis
      and prognosis and the study of PSS subsets.

PMID- 6366620
TI  - [Use of low-potency lasers in plastic surgery].
AB  - Radiation treatment using low power laser beams is recommended for chronic or
      recurring lesions. Personal experience is reported with emphasis on the fact that
      He-Ne laser treatment should be employed when topical or surgical therapy fails.

PMID- 6366621
TI  - [Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children].

PMID- 6366622
TI  - [Immunocomplexes and prostaglandins in EPH-gestosis].

PMID- 6366623
TI  - Imagery enhances venipuncture.

PMID- 6366625
TI  - Practical nursing programs accredited by the NLN 1983.

PMID- 6366624
TI  - NADPH-diaphorase: a selective histochemical marker for the cholinergic neurons of
      the pontine reticular formation.
AB  - Choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry has identified a large group of
      cholinergic neurons in the pontine tegmentum. By combined immunohistochemical and
      enzyme histochemical studies this particular cholinergic cell group was found to
      contain an enzyme, NADPH-diaphorase, that can be visualized histochemically. Thus
      NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry provides a simple, reliable method to selectively
      stain the cholinergic neurons of the brainstem reticular formation. The
      resolution obtained by this novel histochemical technique is similar to that
      found with the Golgi stain, and it should therefore be of great value in
      morphological studies of this cholinergic cell group.

PMID- 6366627
TI  - Changes with time in the lipids of human milk.

PMID- 6366626
TI  - Metabolic and endocrine responses of infants to breast milk and formulas.

PMID- 6366628
TI  - Unwarranted dieting retards growth and delays puberty.

PMID- 6366629
TI  - Nutrition classics: American Journal of Diseases of Children, Volume 57, 1939:
      Hypothyroidism and cretinism in childhood. VI. Influence of thyroid therapy on
      mental growth. By Andrew W. Brown, I.P. Bronstein, and Ruth Kraines.

PMID- 6366630
TI  - Calcium-binding protein is induced by the active metabolite of vitamin D before
      intestinal calcium uptake is stimulated.

PMID- 6366631
TI  - Retinopathic effect of sucrose rich diets due to fructose.

PMID- 6366632
TI  - Adequacy of lactation in well-nourished mothers.

PMID- 6366634
TI  - Certain foods provoke migraine.

PMID- 6366633
TI  - Toxic effects of water-soluble vitamins.

PMID- 6366635
TI  - Nutrition intervention in pregnancy.

PMID- 6366636
TI  - Megadose vitamin supplementation and immunological function in the elderly.

PMID- 6366637
TI  - Nutrition classics. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and
      Medicine, volume 38, 1938: Toxicity of nicotinic acid. K. K. Chen, Charles L.
      Rose and E. Brown Robbins.

PMID- 6366638
TI  - Digestion, absorption and transport of milk fat in the suckling rat.

PMID- 6366639
TI  - Amino acid uptake by renal cortical slices from protein-deprived fetal rats.

PMID- 6366640
TI  - Stimulation of amino acid transport into liver of rats on adaptation to a high
      protein diet.

PMID- 6366641
TI  - Relieving chronic pain.
AB  - The article discusses four methods of relieving chronic pain: (1) the therapeutic
      touch; (2) myotherapy, erasing the body's trigger points; (3) guided imagery; and
      (4) relaxation combined with rhythmic breathing. Nurses familiar with these pain
      relieving techniques are better equipped than others to care for and help chronic
      pain patients. These methods are suggested for the following reasons. They: (a)
      are well within the scope of the average nurse's qualifications to use; (b) do
      not require any special equipment; (c) may be tried without the attending
      physician's or surgeon's approval; (d) will not interfere with whatever medical
      treatment the patient may be undergoing; and (e) do not require the patient's
      official informed consent.

PMID- 6366642
TI  - Directory of nurse practitioner organizations.

PMID- 6366643
TI  - Evolutionary thinking in the history of the comparative psychology of learning.
AB  - Darwin's theory of evolution initially inspired researchers to search for
      intelligence in animals. The early work was dominated by the assumption that
      intelligence is qualitatively the same in all species, and that it is meaningful
      to compare all species in the same situation or situations. This assumption
      persisted through the "learning theory" era, even when interest had faded in
      species comparisons. Even today there has not yet been an adequate test of the
      assumption that intelligence is qualitatively the same across species and
      situations. Interest has returned, however, to a second implication of evolution:
      We should expect to find not only similarities among species, but also
      divergences and adaptation to specific problems. Some speculations are offered
      regarding implications for human intelligence.

PMID- 6366644
TI  - Social interactions among rodent conspecifics: a review of experimental
      paradigms.
AB  - The authors suggest that kin selection theory offers a different perspective from
      which to examine social interactions among rodent conspecifics. Paradigms
      designed to investigate various interactions among rodent conspecifics are
      presented, and include simple affiliative behaviors, social facilitation, and
      cooperation. It is established that many species of rodents are appropriately
      social to use as subjects under investigation in research which focuses on topics
      such as kin selection. Studies reporting positive results as well as some
      reporting negative or inconclusive results have been presented for the purpose of
      informing the reader under which conditions we might expect specific social
      behaviors to occur. It is concluded that a combined method of a sociobiological
      perspective using established experimental procedures will offer unique
      opportunities for the investigation of specific predictions suggested by kin
      selection theory.

PMID- 6366645
TI  - The genetics of hormonal influences on male sexual behavior of mice and rats.
AB  - This review focuses on the intersection of genes and hormones as they relate to
      the development of male sexual behavior. Three major hypotheses are discussed:
      (1) Some differences in adult male sexual behavior are due to gene differences
      that influence brain differentiation. Genes that influence brain differentiation
      may do so by affecting the elaboration of testosterone (i.e., H-Y antigen) or the
      sensitivity to testosterone (i.e., Tfm mutation and autosomal variations) during
      neonatal and/or prenatal life. (2) Some differences in male sexual behavior are
      due to gene differences that influence adult levels of testosterone or
      sensitivity to testosterone and its metabolites. (3) There is a gene(s) on the Y
      chromosome that influences the development of sexual behavior that is associated
      with the arousal mechanism. A possible hormonal mechanism of this Y chromosomal
      gene(s) is discussed.

PMID- 6366646
TI  - Depth recorded limbic seizures and psychopathology.
AB  - Chronically performed stereotaxic depth recordings in medically intractable
      epileptics offer a unique chance to study the correlation of epileptic discharges
      with changes of higher mental functions as well as behavioral and emotional
      alterations. From a quantitative study using 213 complex partial seizures from 29
      selected patients with partial drug resistant epilepsy and from the observation
      of other patients with well defined epileptic perturbations of the limbic system
      and related sensory brain areas a good correlation between ictal signs and
      chronotopographical seizure patterns was obtained. The special role of mesiobasal
      limbic structures, i.e., amygdala and hippocampus, and its connections to
      hypothalamic and frontobasal-cingulate areas is highlighted by tracing the
      seizures. It is concluded that besides the short-lived ictal abberations of
      mental state and emotional sphere ("psychical seizures") also some of the more
      prolonged behavior and personality changes seen frequently in patients with
      bitemporal basal spike foci might be attributed to narrowly confined limbic
      seizure discharges or to a "limbic dyscontrol syndrome" based on the altered
      activity of limbic structures due to the spike foci.

PMID- 6366647
TI  - Factors in the control of feed intake of horses and ponies.
AB  - Ponies are large nonruminant herbivores which are capable of utilizing the
      products of both enzymatic digestion in the small intestine and bacterial
      fermentation (volatile fatty acids, VFAs) in the cecum and large colon as sources
      of metabolizable energy. Recent studies have demonstrated that ponies utilize
      nutrient stimuli from both carbohydrate and fat digestion in the small intestine
      and VFAs in the cecum and large colon in the control of meal frequency. These
      animals, however, rely primarily upon oropharyngeal and external stimuli to
      control the size and duration of meals. This is perhaps an adaptation to a
      feeding pattern of small frequent meals and food sources which provide
      significant amounts of nutrients to the animal system only after microbial
      fermentation in the hind gut. Nutrient cues which are operant in controlling feed
      intake in omnivores, carnivores, and ruminants appear to be important primarily
      in the regulation of meal frequency and long-term energy balance in the equine
      animal. The emphasis on oropharyngeal stimuli in the immediate control of feed
      intake of ponies reflects the unusual digestive physiology of these animals
      relative to other species studied to date.

PMID- 6366648
TI  - Back pain and rapid neurologic deterioration in an elderly woman.

PMID- 6366649
TI  - Stilbamidine: tempus fugit.

PMID- 6366650
TI  - Lung transplantation: problems and progress.

PMID- 6366651
TI  - Single lung transplantation.

PMID- 6366652
TI  - Henri Dagonet. Pioneer of psychiatric photography.

PMID- 6366653
TI  - Single lung transplantation in paraquat intoxication.

PMID- 6366654
TI  - Using medical libraries.

PMID- 6366655
TI  - Hospice care under medicare.

PMID- 6366656
TI  - Saving sight.

PMID- 6366657
TI  - Dr. Joseph Schachner to receive Bronx County Dental Society's Distinguished
      Service Award.

PMID- 6366658
TI  - Rear Admiral Samuel S. Wald receives U.S. Coast Guard's Distingushed Public
      Service Award.

PMID- 6366659
TI  - Decidual, amniotic fluid, maternal and fetal prolactin in normal and abnormal
      pregnancies.
AB  - In the present studies, the content and the in vitro production of prolactin by
      decidua as well as the concentrations of prolactin in amniotic fluid, maternal
      and fetal serum in normal term pregnancies, induced abortions at various
      gestational ages, and in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus,
      preeclampsia, chronic hypertension, and polyhydramnios were measured. Maternal
      and fetal prolactin levels varied considerably throughout gestation, but at term
      did not differ significantly between normal and abnormal pregnancies. Prolactin
      levels in amniotic fluid as well as decidual prolactin content and production
      were significantly lower only in pregnancies complicated by either hypertension
      or polyhydramnios. In both normal and abnormal pregnancies, decidual prolactin
      production correlated strongly with amniotic fluid concentrations. The present
      data suggest that 1) maternal and fetal prolactin levels do not differ
      significantly between normal and abnormal pregnancies, 2) the decidua is the
      principal source of amniotic fluid prolactin, and 3) the significantly lower
      levels of prolactin in amniotic fluid of pregnancies complicated by hypertension
      or polyhydramnios are probably due to adverse effects of these conditions on the
      synthesis and release of prolactin by decidua.

PMID- 6366660
TI  - Induction of labor using high-dose or low-dose prostaglandin vaginal pessaries.
AB  - Two hundred women were studied in a randomized controlled trial of induction of
      labor using high-dose (3 mg) or low-dose (0.5 mg) prostaglandin E2 vaginal
      pessaries. Induction using 3-mg pessaries was more successful, with a shorter
      overall induction-delivery interval and less requirement for analgesia, although
      uterine hyperstimulation occurred in two patients. In contrast, the low-dose
      regimen did not cause hypertonus and, though less successful in inducing labor,
      the total dose of prostaglandin E2 used was considerably less than in the 3-mg
      group. The cesarean section rate when the cervix was initially unfavorable was
      high in both groups (high dose 18.2%, low dose 16.7%). The response to
      prostaglandin E2 did not relate closely to the initial cervical state.

PMID- 6366661
TI  - Enhancement of the antibacterial property of amniotic fluid by hyperthermia.
AB  - The intrinsic ability of human amniotic fluid to prevent growth of Escherichia
      coli varies with the test strain employed, but is enhanced by increasing the
      temperature of incubation, as demonstrated by viable counts of test organisms in
      amniotic fluid compared with growth media at various temperatures. The
      antibacterial activity of amniotic fluid is reversed at all temperatures by the
      addition of potassium phosphate, but residual inhibition is seen at temperatures
      above 37C. When purified inhibitor preparations are tested, complete reversal by
      phosphate at the highest temperatures is seen. Thus, the augmented inhibition in
      whole amniotic fluid depends on the combined effects of phosphate-sensitive and 
      insensitive inhibitors. Test organisms in the presence of partially purified
      inhibitor were not adversely affected at 4C, indicating that bacteria must be
      metabolically active to be inhibited. It is concluded that temperatures above 37C
      enhance the antibacterial effect. This may enhance protection during pyrexia.

PMID- 6366662
TI  - Outpatient cervical conization.
AB  - One hundred outpatient cervical conizations were performed over a 2.5-year
      period. A circumferential suturing technique was used which provided excellent
      hemostasis and restoration of normal cervical anatomy. The complication rate was
      low. One patient had significant intraoperative hemorrhage, one experienced
      postoperative bleeding within 24 hours, and two had delayed bleeding. Three
      patients developed infection, and one patient was found to have asymptomatic
      cervical stenosis on follow-up examination. No patient required blood transfusion
      or admission to the hospital. It is concluded that cervical conization can be
      performed on an outpatient basis in the nonpregnant patient with an acceptable
      rate of complications.

PMID- 6366663
TI  - Fetal polyuria and hydramnios associated with Bartter's syndrome.
AB  - The case of a woman with recurrent hydramnios in three pregnancies, from which
      the only surviving infant was later found to have Bartter's syndrome, is
      described. Analysis of electrolytes, renin activity, and aldosterone levels in
      amniotic fluid from this pregnancy are presented. The finding of maternal
      hydramnios in the present and 12 other reported cases of Bartter's syndrome
      suggests that increased fetal voiding is the most likely causative factor in the
      development of increased amniotic fluid volume. Early onset hydramnios might
      signify Bartter's syndrome in the offspring in families with an index case. In
      cases of hydramnios of unknown etiology, appropriate investigations might lead to
      early diagnosis and treatment of Bartter's syndrome.

PMID- 6366664
TI  - Cefoperazone and cefoxitin prophylaxis for abdominal hysterectomy.
AB  - One hundred one women undergoing elective abdominal hysterectomy were given
      perioperative cefoperazone or cefoxitin in a prospective randomized blinded
      study. Both regimens were well tolerated and no significant toxic or allergic
      manifestations were observed. Interrelationships between antimicrobial
      concentration in serum and pelvic tissues, intraoperative cardinal ligament
      cultures, febrile morbidity, and major postoperative infection were determined.
      At uterine removal, mean cefoperazone concentrations in serum (56.1
      micrograms/mL) and pelvic tissues (18.6 micrograms/g) were significantly higher
      than mean concentrations of cefoxitin, ie, 16.1 micrograms/mL and 8.1
      micrograms/g, respectively (P less than .001). The incidence of major
      postoperative infection was 6% or less with both regimens. Perioperative
      prophylaxis significantly reduced the incidence of this infection. When it did
      develop, however, it continued to cause significant morbidity, prolonging
      hospital stay a mean of more than four days (P less than .001) and increasing the
      hospital bill a mean of almost $1500 (P less than .001).

PMID- 6366665
TI  - Reversible tubular lesion in pregnancy-induced hypertension detected by urinary
      beta 2-microglobulin.
AB  - Serum and urine beta 2-microglobulin concentrations were measured in 17
      primigravidas with mild pregnancy-induced hypertension and nine normotensive
      control patients matched for gestational age. Serum beta 2-microglobulin and
      creatinine clearance values were not different between the two groups but urinary
      excretion of beta 2-microglobulin was three times higher in the hypertensive
      patients. This difference disappeared within seven days of delivery. These
      results indicate that a reversible renal tubular lesion occurs in pregnancy
      induced hypertension even in the absence of detectable proteinuria.

PMID- 6366666
TI  - Posthysterectomy vault prolapse: sacral colpopexy with dura mater graft.
AB  - Vaginal vault prolapse is an infrequent complication after abdominal and vaginal
      hysterectomy. Current surgical methods of repair include transvaginal fixation of
      the vault to the sacrospinous ligament, repositioning of the vagina over the
      levator plate by a synchronous abdominoperineal procedure, and transabdominal
      sacral colpopexy. Because each method results in a durable repair and restores a
      functional vagina, sacral colpopexy is considered the preferred procedure because
      of its technical simplicity. The proposed advantages using dura mater as the
      prosthesis are detailed.

PMID- 6366667
TI  - [Parasitologic study of an ancient corpse from the Chu dynasty of the warring
      states from the Mazhuan grave no. 1, Jiangling district, Hubei province].

PMID- 6366668
TI  - [A brief chronology of impression materials and methods].

PMID- 6366669
TI  - [Intra-alveolar support].

PMID- 6366670
TI  - [Complete dentures: the double-notched model (split cast)].

PMID- 6366671
TI  - [Experiences with the ceramic pontic in casting technics].

PMID- 6366672
TI  - [Diagnosis of acute myelogenous leukemia].
AB  - Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease. The diagnosis is based
      on the demonstration of immature myeloid cells in Pappenheim stained blood and
      bone marrow smears. Using the criteria of the French-American-British Cooperative
      Group, the myeloid leukemias can be divided into six subgroups (FAB
      classification). Recently, the development of several new techniques has led to a
      more detailed cell characterization. This review article will discuss the
      diagnostic procedure in AML.

PMID- 6366674
TI  - [3 osteosarcoma therapy dropouts. Clinical cases].
AB  - We report on 3 cases of male late-adolescent/young-adult osteogenic sarcoma
      patients who refused complete chemical therapy according to the treatment plan
      "COSS 80". They all originated from disturbed family situations. Characteristic
      was their early independence and autonomy, dominance tendency, low level of self
      control, and high level of sociability. Primary motivation for refusal was the
      experienced intolerability of the chemotherapeutical side-effects and extreme
      fear of medical procedures (e.g. injections).

PMID- 6366673
TI  - [Vinblastine, 5-fluorouracil and prednisone (VFP) as "second-line" chemotherapy.
      Contribution to the problem of optimal therapy sequence in metastasizing breast
      carcinoma].
AB  - Chemotherapy results in metastatic breast cancer reached a plateau: Remission
      rate and duration are nearly equivalent for several regimens but not equitoxic.
      We analyzed the effect of vinblastine (6 mg/m2 once a week i.v.), 5-fluorouracil
      (600 mg/m2 once a week i.v.) and prednisone (10-20 mg daily p.o.) as second line
      treatment in BC resistant to one of the other established regimens with regard to
      prognostic factors and pretreatment. Our results show that it is possible to
      produce more than one or even two remissions by consecutively applicated
      combinations of cytostatics with increasing aggressivity.

PMID- 6366675
TI  - [Therapeutic response of various histological osteosarcoma subtypes to high-dose
      methotrexate treatment].
AB  - The successful or unsuccessful chemotherapy of osteosarcoma has given rise to the
      division of these tumors into responders and non responders from the clinical
      point of view. In order to work out drug sensitive tumor components we studied 9
      osteosarcomas by a histological subdivision of the osteosarcoma tissue into 6
      subtypes. Seven of the 9 osteosarcoma patients had developed lung metastases
      under adjuvant high dosage methotrexate (HDMTX) therapy. The aim was to identify
      the components of the primary tumors which had endured HDMTX-therapy as lung
      metastases. As HDMTX-sensitive histologic differentiation form of osteosarcoma
      tissue we regarded the no matrix producing-subtype (III), because it did not
      occur in the lung metastases. The classical subtype (IV) seems to be only
      partially sensitive because the corresponding lung metastases showed a higher
      osteoblastic differentiation with increased osteoid production. No therapeutic
      effect could be observed in the chondromatous (I) and in the sarcomatous (II)
      subtypes as well as in the two subtypes with intensive osteoid production being
      termed trabecularly sclerosing (V) and massively osteoid producing subtypes (VI).

PMID- 6366677
TI  - [Dark adaptation of patients with head and neck tumors].
AB  - 20 patients with tumors of the head and neck region have a delayed dark adaption.
      The serum vitamin A levels in these patients are significantly diminished versus
      controls. Since disturbance of dark adaption does not occur before long during
      deficiency of vitamin A, it is assumed that the deficiency was existent long time
      before. With regard to the possible antineoplastic potency of vitamin A, this is
      considered a possibly important factor in tumor development and growth. The
      disturbed vitamin A metabolism is possibly due to a long lasting imbalanced diet.

PMID- 6366676
TI  - [Results of drug therapy of inoperable non-small cell lung carcinoma with VP 16
      213 (Etoposide) and cis-platin. A phase II study].
AB  - Forty-six patients with non-small cell lung cancer were treated with a
      combination of cis-platinum 90 mg/m2 i.v., day 1 and VP 16-213 100 mg/m2 i.v. on
      days 1, 3 and 5. The overall remission rate was 22% (10 out of 46 patients) with
      a median remission duration of 7 months. Squamous cell and large cell
      undifferentiated carcinomas responded to the chemotherapy with a remission rate
      of 27% (7 out of 26 patients) and 22% (3 out of 13 patients). Seven patients with
      adeno-carcinoma did not respond to chemotherapy. The overall survival was 7
      months (1-27+). The survival time for patients entering remission was 11.5 months
      (7-27+), for those with stable disease 8.5 months (3-27+), and for patients with
      progressive disease 5 months (1-9). Performance status of less than 80%, a weight
      loss of more than 10.0 kg in the last three months before starting treatment and
      a "major" atelectasis (collapse of at least one superior or inferior lobe)
      adversely influenced prognosis. Only 1 out of 31 patients with one or more poor
      prognostic factors came into remission. In contrast, 9 out of 15 patients (60%)
      without poor prognostic factors had a remission. Stage, limited versus extensive
      disease, and age did not affect the results. Hematologic and renal toxicity of
      the combination were mild, but poor subjective tolerance (nausea, vomiting, loss
      of appetite) was prominent.

PMID- 6366678
TI  - [Retrospective DOSAK study of oral cavity carcinomas. Results and consequences].
AB  - In a multicentric, retrospective observational study on carcinomas of the oral
      cavity including the lips and the oropharynx a data material of 1021 patients has
      been analyzed. The specific goals of this study were: Review of existing
      proposals for classification; Analysis of prognostically relevant factors of the
      tumor disease; Construction of a prognostic index for the determination of
      individual and collective prognoses. The following results were gained: None of
      the TNM-classifications of oral cavity carcinomas does the necessary criteria
      justice not even approximately. The multivariate analyses of prognostically
      relevant factors were performed with and without taking therapeutical factors
      into account. The results unequivocally show that reliable prognoses are only
      possible under consideration of various treatment modalities. This led to the
      construction of the treatment-dependent prognostic index TPI, which will be
      eligible for the use within the clinical-therapeutical cancer research and within
      the clinical practice.

PMID- 6366679
TI  - Workshop on response criteria and evaluation of the stable disease category in
      carcinoma of the prostate, breast, and large bowel.
AB  - A multidisciplinary conference reviewed the clinical response criteria for the
      evaluation of stable disease category in a number of solid tumors, including
      prostate, breast, and large bowel cancer. Some similarities between the situation
      in hormonally responsive tumors, such as breast and prostate, were elucidated.
      With regard to bowel cancer, the principal site of metastases currently under
      evaluation is the liver site. Although ultrasound appears to be useful for
      following such lesions, it has also been shown that direct suturotomy is
      necessary. With regard to the overall situation involving the stable category, it
      was pointed out that, after due deliberation, for some solid tumors stable
      category may well be most important in that drugs that achieved this status may
      be otherwise discarded because of unprecise measurements. Greater accuracy in
      measurement and availability with current external diagnostic techniques were
      acknowledged and their applicability to certain situations was enumerated. It was
      also felt that there is a place, when documented, for the stable category,
      particularly prostate cancer. The reasons for this are discussed.

PMID- 6366680
TI  - Implantation of the C-loop Simcoe posterior chamber lens.
AB  - A simple, one-handed technique of insertion of the popular C-loop Simcoe
      posterior chamber lens can be achieved without the use of special
      instrumentation. While a large pupil is preferable, this technique is readily
      useful for cases where the pupil has constricted. The inferior loop and the lens
      are placed into the posterior chamber and the capsular bag together. The superior
      loop is directly placed into the superior capsular fornix. Lens positioning is
      completed with a modified Sinskey hook.

PMID- 6366681
TI  - The tunnel sponge--an explant for retinal detachment surgery.
AB  - The tunnel sponge explant for retinal detachment surgery is a modification of the
      cylindrical, silastic sponge. A central tunnel exists along the length of the
      sponge allowing a silicone band to be threaded internally. A high, localized
      indentation can be achieved as well as encirclement with minimal volume
      displacement of the globe.

PMID- 6366682
TI  - Analysis of the Hessburg-Barron vacuum trephine.
AB  - We tested the Hessburg-Barron vacuum trephine on 23 human cadaver eyes for
      accuracy and quality of cut. The trephine was found to make accurate, spherical
      cuts in the anterior corneal stroma. With penetration, the cut became beveled,
      leaving the posterior corneal button diameter larger than the anterior diameter
      especially if the trephine was lifted. The results are discussed relative to
      conventional techniques.

PMID- 6366683
TI  - Combined use of sodium hyaluronate and tissue adhesive in penetrating
      keratoplasty of corneal perforations.
AB  - A new technique which allows the use of a guarded trephine in penetrating
      keratoplasty for corneal perforation is described. It involves the combined use
      of cyanoacrylate adhesive and sodium hyaluronate and allows a normotensive eye to
      be obtained prior to trephination. Five cases in which this technique was used
      are described. A better tectonic result can be obtained and visual rehabilitation
      may be more readily achieved without performing a secondary procedure.

PMID- 6366684
TI  - Our experience with Solcoseryl Eye-Gel in the treatment of corneal lesions. A
      randomised double-blind study (with 1 color plate).
AB  - A comparative study of Solcoseryl Eye-Gel versus a 2.4% cysteine eye-gel was
      carried out under controlled conditions (randomised and double-blind) on a total
      of 61 patients with corneal lesions (52 foreign body injuries, 9 corneal
      erosions). The results showed a marked superiority of Solcoseryl Eye-Gel with
      respect to more rapid healing and also with respect to the possible subsequent
      development of a corneal macula.

PMID- 6366685
TI  - A modification of the pedicle graft in the treatment of gingival recession.
AB  - Presented in this article is a technique in which vertical releasing incisions
      are used to modify the basic pedicle graft procedure in the treatment of
      localized gingival recession. Criteria for the selection of a proper donor site
      are discussed, and the rationale for its use is explained. Two case reports are
      included to demonstrate the use of the procedure.

PMID- 6366686
TI  - Malignant ameloblastoma or ameloblastic carcinoma.
AB  - The World Health Organization defines malignant ameloblastoma as a lesion
      exhibiting features of an ameloblastoma in primary and metastatic growths. To
      cases collected from the literature we have added two of our own cases in which
      features of an ameloblastoma were coupled with malignant behavior. It was noted
      that the diagnosis of "malignant ameloblastoma" is at present used in a rather
      indiscriminate way, resulting in the grouping of lesions that exhibit
      considerable differences in biological behavior and histomorphology. This might
      be due to the fact that the WHO classification emphasizes metastasis as a
      diagnostic criterion but is rather vague in defining histopathologic aspects. It
      is advocated that the term malignant ameloblastoma be reserved for those lesions
      that, in spite of a seemingly innocuous histology, have given origin to
      metastatic growths, while the WHO classification should be modified to include
      ameloblastic carcinoma as a diagnostic term for lesions that combine features of
      an ameloblastoma with a less-differentiated histomorphology.

PMID- 6366687
TI  - Canalicular adenoma: not a basal cell adenoma.
AB  - The evidence that canalicular adenomas and basal cell adenomas are separate
      entities is presented in this article. The clinical features were studied in a
      series of 13 previously unreported salivary gland tumors (5 canalicular adenomas
      and 8 basal cell adenomas) and 99 examples derived from the literature (68
      canalicular adenomas and 31 basal cell adenomas). Representative tumors from the
      new cases and from 66 referred cases were studied by histologic, histochemical,
      and electron microscopic techniques. The two tumors differ significantly with
      respect to the age range of affected patients, site of predilection, and
      morphologic and histochemical features.

PMID- 6366688
TI  - [50th anniversary of founding of the Chair of Traumatology, Orthopedics and
      Military Surgery of the N.I. Pirogov IInd Moscow Medical Institute].

PMID- 6366689
TI  - [B. McClintock, winner of the 1983 Nobel prize for medicine].

PMID- 6366690
TI  - [[Possibilities of the medico-biological use of air ionization in the 18th and
      19th centuries and their current usefulness].

PMID- 6366691
TI  - [Jeno Gardi, pioneer of rehabilitation in Hungary (1886-1944)].

PMID- 6366692
TI  - [Ferenc Kovats Sr. (1888-1983)].

PMID- 6366693
TI  - [Ferenc Eckstein and military surgery during the Napoleonic wars (Dominique-Jean
      Larrey)].

PMID- 6366694
TI  - [Indication and results of bone marrow transplantation in childhood].

PMID- 6366695
TI  - [In vitro study of bone marrow from leukemic patients and subjects with no
      hematologic disorders].

PMID- 6366696
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopy study of dentin adhesion to a newly developed
      bonding system].

PMID- 6366697
TI  - Anesthesia for laser surgery in laryngobronchoesophagology.

PMID- 6366698
TI  - [Current problems of iron metabolism].

PMID- 6366699
TI  - The use of human allografts in the treatment of scalds in children.

PMID- 6366700
TI  - [Relation between estrogen and progesterone receptors and response to hormone
      therapy].
AB  - In mammary cancers, and more especially at the stage of generalization, the
      detection of estrogen receptors plays a prominent role in the choice of
      treatment. Recent studies indicate that nearly half of cancers containing
      receptors are responsive to various hormone treatments while only a minority of
      cancers not containing receptors are responsive to the same treatments. The
      present review emphasizes the benefits of a quantitative dosage of these
      receptors compared to their simple detection. It also evaluates the predictive
      value of progesterone receptors as an additional test for hormonodependence.
      Finally, it analyses the part played by receptors dosage in the current
      therapeutic strategy as well as in the development of new clinical protocols.

PMID- 6366701
TI  - [Hormone receptors and breast cancer prognosis].
AB  - Estradiol and progesterone assays in breast cancer have been developed for ten
      years and their clinical significance investigated in primary and metastatic
      tumors. The presence of estradiol and/or progesterone receptor is not related to
      the extension of the disease, the age of the patient or hormonal status. It seems
      to be related to the grade of histological differentiation. 1) Clear relationship
      exists between the presence of estradiol receptor and hormone dependency. 2)
      Estrogen receptor positive tumors demonstrate a more favorable outcome than the
      estrogen receptor negative one. According to recent data the presence of
      progesterone receptor is a better criteria than ER for long term pronostic.

PMID- 6366702
TI  - [Place of hormone receptor determination in the therapeutic strategy of breast
      cancer].
AB  - Up to the discovery of hormonal receptors it was somewhat uncertain to prescribe
      hormonotherapy for the treatment of a breast cancer. The presence of estrogen
      receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) allows the estimation of the
      probability of hormone-dependence. The response to endocrine therapy will be
      expected with a rate of: 80% of the tumors PR +; 30% of the tumors ER+ but PR-;
      10% of the tumors ER - and PR -. The response to chemotherapy is no accurately
      correlated with the concentration of receptors. The planning of therapy will be
      founded on the following principles. ER -: less favourable prognosis and unlikely
      response to endocrine therapy, therefore chemotherapy if the other prognostic
      factors are bad. ER +: endocrine therapy is required, especially if PR +. The
      role of chemotherapy ought to be discussed with respect to the other prognostic
      factors. All these factors are reviewed and a decision-tree of the treatment of
      advanced breast cancers is put forward. In short, it is obvious that the
      receptors assays have to be carried out as for as possible.

PMID- 6366703
TI  - [Computer analysis of anti-HLA sera: ANASER. Its application in kidney
      transplantation].
AB  - ANASER is a system of 3 computer programs for the analysis of sera from multi
      transfused patients, multiparous women and dialysed patients awaiting kidney
      transplantation, which react against one or more HLA antigens. This system
      permits: 1) the recognition of one or more HLA specificities in each serum using
      iterative analyses. 2) The calculations of correlation coefficients among several
      sera. 3) The drawing of positive serological reactions according to either a
      given sera or to a given antigen. It can be used for two main purposes: 1) to
      permit selection of the best sera for HLA typing (positive correlations). 2) To
      study the preimmunization of dialysed patients awaiting kidney graft. Owing to
      sequential comparison of the consecutive bleedings from the same individual, they
      allow the definition of a pattern of anti-HLA immunisation, and in the case of
      large spectrum antibodies, the specification of antigens not concerned by the
      antibodies produced (negative correlations). ANASER may help in the choice of the
      best compatible transplant for hyperimmunized patients, who need a precisely
      matched organ.

PMID- 6366704
TI  - Evaluation of ELISA and RAST using purified antigens for diagnosis of
      hydatidosis.
AB  - Purified Echinococcus granulosus antigens have been used in ELISA and RAST to
      improve the serodiagnosis of hydatidosis. Results in ELISA confirm the interest
      of purified antigens for a specific diagnosis and the particular relevance of
      antigen 5. Antigen B has been shown to be relevant in RAST since the highest
      correlation was obtained between total IgE and antigen B-specific IgE. Moreover,
      no false positive were shown as using RAST with antigen B. Such a study has now
      to be extended at a large scale to appreciate the evolutivity of the disease.

PMID- 6366705
TI  - [Antibiotic sensitivity of Streptococcus group B].
AB  - The minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentration of 18 antibiotics for 412
      isolates of group B streptococci from newborns, mothers or pregnant women were
      determined. 3.2% of these strains were less susceptible to penicillin G, 1%
      failed to be inhibited by erythromycin and 1% by chloramphenicol. Antibiotic
      killing kinetics was studied with beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and in
      combination for 20 isolates. Killing was accelerated by the combination. For
      these reasons, at least at the beginning of the treatment, the association of
      ampicillin and an aminoglycoside can be recommended.

PMID- 6366706
TI  - [Current status of autologous bone marrow grafting in man].

PMID- 6366707
TI  - [Comparative value of complement fixation and indirect immunofluorescence
      reactions for the detection of Q fever].
AB  - 1 052 serum samples from 1 013 persons living in rural areas, were tested by IF
      and CF; with the IF-test, 4% of them were sero-positive (titer greater than or
      equal to: 20). IF-tests are eightfold more sensitive than CF tests and have at
      least the same specificity. The results of two (commercial) Coxiella burnetii
      phase II antigens were compared.

PMID- 6366708
TI  - Destruction of elastic tissue (elastolysis) as a link between atherosclerosis and
      the temporal arteritis/polymyalgia rheumatica syndrome. Observations on an
      actinic factor in vascular disease.
AB  - Destruction (elastolysis) of the internal elastic lamina is frequently observed
      near early atherosclerotic plaques. Elastolysis and plaque formation are also
      found together in the temporal arteritis/polymyalgia rheumatica syndrome. Could
      it be that atherosclerosis and the syndrome are more closely akin than usually
      thought, with elastolysis acting as the pathogenetic link between them? A kinship
      of this nature is in accord with the growing recognition that elastin-related
      autoimmunity prevails in both these forms of vascular disease. A case can also be
      made out for the belief that the autoimmune reactions in internal vessels may be
      provoked by events in the integument where a slow but ultimately massive turnover
      of dermal and vascular elastic tissue takes place under the harmful influence of
      solar and other forms of actinic radiation.

PMID- 6366709
TI  - [Simultaneous determination of cellular DNA and proteins by cytofluorimetry.
      Application to acute leukemia in adults].
AB  - DNA and proteins of ethanol fixed cells are simultaneously analysed by
      cytofluorimetry in 35 cases of adult acute leukemias. DNA is coloured by
      propidium iodide and proteins by FITC. These technics allow to know the GO/G1, S,
      G2 + M cell-cycle phases and the protein cell content for each phase. We also can
      evaluate the fraction of low protein content cells (LPC fraction) that seems to
      be the GO and early G1 fraction. A good correlation exists between the percentage
      of S phase cells and the LPC fraction. This parameter, because of its important
      dispersion, must have a better discriminating value than S phase, especially for
      the prognosis analysis. Furthermore acute myeloid leukemias have a protein
      content that varies with the cytological maturation. Therefore, P1 + FITC
      colorations would give quantitative criteria for the acute leukemias cytological
      analysis and their prognostic valuation.

PMID- 6366710
TI  - To commemorate the 80th year since discovery of conditional reflexes.

PMID- 6366711
TI  - [Carcinoembryonic antigen in carcinomas and premalignant lesions of the uterine
      cervix].

PMID- 6366712
TI  - [Corticocerebellar form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Anatomo-clinical study].

PMID- 6366713
TI  - Primary and subspecialty care of diabetes mellitus in children and youth.

PMID- 6366714
TI  - Cystic fibrosis--a challenging long-term chronic disease.

PMID- 6366715
TI  - Myelomeningocele: the medical aspects.
AB  - Recent advances in treatment and care for children with myelomeningocele offer
      new hope for both survival and success. Achieving these goals requires careful
      attention to both technical areas and to the basics of health care and human
      interactions. The latter area is one for which the primary care physician should
      be ideally suited. Although specialty care by neurosurgeons, orthopedists, and
      urologists is necessary, none of these specialists offer the broad scope and
      understanding of the child and the family that the primary care physician should
      be able to provide. Managing a child with this disorder is challenging, can be
      satisfying, and appears to be cost effective. The goals, however, must be clearly
      visualized and accepted, and the value of health maintenance and care rather than
      cure must be recognized.

PMID- 6366716
TI  - Chronic disease in children: current controversies and technical advances.

PMID- 6366717
TI  - Chronic childhood disorders: prevalence and impact.

PMID- 6366718
TI  - Developmental aspects of the renal response to hemorrhage during fetal life.
AB  - The renal hemodynamic and functional responses to sequential reductions of
      fetoplacental blood volume were studied in two groups of chronically catheterized
      fetal lambs: less than 120 d gestation, n = 9 and greater than 130 d gestation, n
      = 7. Significant decreases in renal blood flow (RBF) and increases in renal
      vascular resistance (RVR) not associated with changes in glomerular filtration
      were observed in both groups of fetuses. At the highest level of hemorrhage
      (level III), the percentage change (% delta) in RBF and RVR tended to be more
      important in the older group of fetuses (-52 +/- 8% and +155 +/- 58%) than in
      young fetuses (-38 +/- 6% and +68 +/- 18%). Multiple regression analysis
      demonstrated that in fetuses less than 130 d the % delta in RBF and RVR
      correlated more closely with the % delta in plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP)
      (the partial correlation coefficients being r = 0.61, P less than 0.05 and r =
      0.73, P less than 0.01 respectively) than with angiotensin II, norepinephrine, or
      epinephrine. In fetuses less than 120 d gestation, the % delta in RBF correlated
      better with the % delta in plasma epinephrine (the partial correlation
      coefficient being r = 0.52, P less than 0.025) than with any other vasoactive
      substances. Significant decreases in urinary flow rate and free water clearance
      and increase in urine osmolality (Uosm) were found in both groups of fetuses. The
      increase in Uosm correlated closely with the rise in plasma AVP in both groups of
      fetuses; moreover, the slope of the regression line between plasma AVP and Uosm
      was similar in less than 120-d (slope 22.2) and greater than 130-d fetuses (slope
      33.3), suggesting that the sensitivity of the fetal kidney to AVP is stable
      during the last trimester of gestation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6366719
TI  - Long-term cimetidine in children with cystic fibrosis: a randomized double-blind
      study.
AB  - A prospective, randomized double-blind study of 38 children with cystic fibrosis
      (CF) was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of cimetidine in improving fat
      absorption and clinical condition. The treatment consisted of cimetidine or
      placebo, 600 mg/m2 body surface/day, over a 4-mo period. Clinical state, weight,
      height, skinfold thickness, lung function tests, para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)
      peptide test, and plasma lipid and lipoprotein determinations were performed
      before and after the treatment period. Compared with age-matched healthy
      children, patients showed decreased cholesterol (150.2 +/- 31.2 mg/dl, mean +/-
      SD), decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (44.1 +/- 11.8 mg/dl), and
      decreased low density lipoprotein cholesterol (84.1 +/- 25.5 mg/dl) whereas the
      triglycerides and the very low density lipoprotein triglycerides were slightly
      elevated (118.2 +/- 33.0 mg/dl and 60.5 +/- 17.5 mg/dl, respectively). Apoprotein
      B and AI were slightly reduced and Apoprotein AII was in the normal range. After
      the 4-mo treatment no significant change in clinical condition, weight, or
      lipoprotein patterns could be detected between the two groups. The total PABA
      recovery in urine also did not change significantly (36.6 +/- 19.4% of the dosage
      given before versus 28.7 +/- 12.9% after 4 mo in the cimetidine group).
      Cimetidine gave rise to bronchoconstriction as shown by an increase in airway
      resistance (mean increase 14.8%) whereas the placebo group had a decreased Raw
      with a mean of 8.3%. Patients with CF have a dyslipoproteinemia that was not
      influenced by cimetidine. We conclude that cimetidine does not improve fat
      absorption and has, therefore, no place and no benefit in the treatment of
      children with CF.

PMID- 6366720
TI  - Glucose kinetics in glucose-infused small for gestational age infants.
AB  - To evaluate the maturation of glucose homeostasis in the small for gestational
      age (SGA) neonate, glucose kinetics were measured with 78% enriched D-[U
      13C]glucose by the prime plus constant infusion technique in nine SGA infants and
      compared with the rate obtained in seven term appropriate for gestational age
      infants and 13 preterm appropriate for gestational age infants. All of the
      infants had received glucose intravenously from birth and continued to receive
      the glucose infusion throughout the study. Fasting plasma glucose and plasma
      insulin concentrations and plasma [13/12C]ratios were measured during the steady
      state turnover period. From this data, the glucose production rate was derived.
      During the turnover period, the SGA and both groups of appropriate for
      gestational age infants had similar average plasma glucose, plasma insulin,
      plasma glucagon concentrations, and similar persistent rates of glucose
      production during glucose infusion. We conclude that under stimulation of glucose
      infusion, the SGA infant and his AGA counterpart have similar hormonal regulatory
      responses as well as functional integrity in handling glucose during the second
      day after birth.

PMID- 6366721
TI  - Changes in the growth-promoting activity of human milk during lactation.
AB  - We measured the concentrations of protein, insulin, and epidermal growth factor
      (EGF) in human milk from mothers delivering at term. Samples were obtained from d
      1 (colostrum) to d 42 after birth. Human colostrum contains very high
      concentrations of protein [83.7 +/- 7.4 g/l (SEM)], insulin (3.75 +/- 0.88 nM),
      and EGF (53.9 +/- 6.9 nM). Similar concentrations have been measured in prebirth
      milk. Insulin, EGF, and protein in milk decline rapidly during the first few days
      of lactation but remain constant thereafter. Although the concentrations of
      insulin and EGF in mature milk are only 10% of those in colostrum, they are
      considerably higher than in serum. We also showed that human milk has a growth
      promoting activity in cultured cells, causing a stimulation of protein synthesis
      in L6 myoblasts and 3T3-L1 fibroblasts and an increase in DNA synthesis in L6
      cells and T47D breast cancer cells. This mitogenic activity declines as lactation
      progresses, with a similar time-course to the fall in insulin and EGF; however,
      the cell lines used here are not responsive to either of these two growth factors
      in the range of concentrations found in milk. This indicates that human milk also
      contains high concentrations of additional, unidentified growth factors. The
      occurrence of high concentrations of growth factors in milk suggests that they
      may be important for the proliferation and differentiation of infant tissues.

PMID- 6366722
TI  - Advances in perinatology from the clinical research centers.

PMID- 6366723
TI  - The effect of small but sustained elevations in circulating growth hormone on
      fuel metabolism in growth hormone deficiency.
AB  - Although growth hormone (GH) concentrations are not always pathologically
      elevated in patients with acromegaly, it has been suggested that the metabolic
      and somatic consequences of this condition may be due to a loss of the normal
      episodic secretion of GH. To examine the effects of maintaining modest but
      constant levels of circulating GH, we administered continuous subcutaneous
      infusions of growth hormone (CSIGH) to eight previously untreated GH-deficient
      children (6-19 yr). CSIGH given for 90 h in doses equivalent to the standard dose
      for replacement therapy, raised mean serum GH levels from less than 3.0 to 5.9 +/
      1.0 ng/ml. In comparison, 24-h mean GH levels in five normal adolescents
      averaged 10.1 +/- 1.5 ng/ml. As expected, however, normals showed much more
      variability in GH concentration. The constant elevations in serum GH levels
      achieved with CSIGH produced significant impairment of oral glucose tolerance.
      During CSIGH, plasma glucose concentrations 60-120 min after oral glucose loading
      were 30-40 mg/dl higher than corresponding pre-infusion values (P less than
      0.01). This impairment of oral glucose tolerance during CSIGH occurred despite a
      doubling of the area under the insulin/time curve after oral glucose (P less than
      0.02 versus pre-infusion area). Indeed, plasma insulin levels after oral glucose
      in patients on CSIGH exceeded those observed in normal controls, suggesting that
      CSIGH had induced a degree of insulin resistance. There was a transient increase
      in plasma free fatty acid levels on the first day of CSIGH. Somatomedin-C
      concentration remained unchanged in four of six patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6366724
TI  - The effect of pertussis vaccine on the insulin-dependent diabetes induced by
      streptozotocin in mice.
AB  - Protective effect of pertussis vaccine (PV) against the development of insulin
      dependent diabetes (IDD) induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in young CD-1 male mice
      were studied. When PV at a dose of 1.2 X 10(10) microorganism was administered on
      -10, 0, or +4 d relative to a single injection of STZ (60 mg/kg body wt) on d 0,
      it completely aborted the development of IDD after 140 d. When PV was given on
      +30 d after STZ injection and followed by PV booster injections, 66% of mice
      reverted to normoglycemic state. Intact islet cells in the pancreas were
      confirmed by histologic findings and normal plasma insulin values. The effect of
      PV was compared with that of boiled PV in another model of IDD induced by
      multiple injections of STZ (40 mg/kg for five doses). In this model, 60% of mice
      either remained or reverted to normoglycemic state with PV and booster injections
      whereas boiled PV protected 40% of mice from developing IDD. The protective
      effect appeared to reside in the biologic property of both pertussigen and
      endotoxin of Bordetella pertussis.

PMID- 6366725
TI  - Results of controlled double-blind study of thyroid replacement in very low-birth
      weight premature infants with hypothyroxinemia.
AB  - The nature of hypothyroxinemia in sick very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants was
      evaluated by assessment of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and by the clinical
      response to thyroxine (T4) therapy. Twenty-three very low-birth-weight infants of
      gestational age 26 to 28 weeks, whose serum T4 concentrations were 4
      micrograms/dL on two occasions, and thyrotropin less than 20 microU/mL, were
      included in a double-blind study. Following a thyrotropin-releasing hormone
      stimulation test, babies were given either T4 or placebo. Nine babies were
      thyrotropin-releasing hormone tested prior to therapy; four babies, two from each
      group, were tested 1 to 2 weeks after therapy. In 11 untreated babies, mean base
      line serum thyrotropin of 7.0 +/- 1.4 rose to 23.7 +/- 4.1 microU/mL in 30
      minutes. This response was not significantly greater than the observed response
      in full-term babies, 23.7 +/- 4.1 v 16.6 +/- 0.97 microU/mL, respectively, P
      greater than .05. In two babies treated with T4 the thyrotropin response to
      thyrotropin-releasing hormone was completely suppressed. Serial serum T4
      determinations showed normalization in both groups after a similar time interval.
      There was no beneficial effect of T4 therapy on growth of head circumference,
      length, or weight. Developmental data revealed no significant differences in the
      mental, motor, or gross neurologic outcome in the treated and nontreated infants
      after 1 year of follow-up. These observations imply that hypothyroxinemia in sick
      preterm infants is not a direct consequence of hypothyroidism. Despite the lack
      of demonstrable short-term beneficial effects of T4 therapy, follow-up studies
      are necessary to resolve the question of long-term benefits.

PMID- 6366726
TI  - Neonatal exchange transfusions complicated by transfusion-induced malaria.
AB  - Two neonates who became infected with Plasmodium vivax subsequent to exchange
      transfusion are described. This complication of neonatal exchange transfusion is
      unusual in that only two other similar cases have been reported to the Centers
      for Disease Control. Although malaria is an unusual complication, it should be
      kept in mind when considering the differential diagnoses of fever following
      neonatal exchange transfusion. The risk of transfusion-induced malaria may be
      increasing due to the influx of immigrants from areas endemic for malaria.
      Careful blood donor selection and blood donor education may minimize this risk.

PMID- 6366727
TI  - [Selenium metabolism in normal and pathologic states; its significance in
      pediatrics].

PMID- 6366728
TI  - The other side of immunology: immunoplasia. Trophic (plastic) function of the
      immune system.
AB  - Destruction of non-self antigens for the preservation of the unique individual
      antigenic composition independently of the consequences (protection, allergy,
      death by anaphylactic shock, autoaggression) and serving the higher law of
      phylogenetic differentiation, is only one side of immune function. There is an
      equally important other side, the building, plastic or trophic function
      (immunoplasia, immunotherapy) which helps to produce this unique antigenicity
      throughout life, gives the initiating signal to regeneration after cell losses
      and controls cell proliferation until normal shape and size are regained. Failing
      or overfunctioning immunoplasia may be the cause of organ atrophy or hyperplasia
      with appropriate diseases as manifesting consequences. To many of the
      "idiopathic" organ atrophies and hypofunctions immuno-hypoplasia is a better
      explanation than the supposed autoimmune aggression. Based partly on the author's
      own experience the data and argument are summarized which support and reinforce
      the theory of immunoplasia.

PMID- 6366729
TI  - Thyroid antibodies in Graves' disease. An immunofluorescence study.
AB  - The sera of fifty patients suffering from Graves' disease were analyzed by
      indirect immunofluorescence. Normal human thyroid tissue was used as antigen.
      Antibodies against four different thyroid antigens were detected i.e. follicular
      cell microsoma, thyroglobulin, follicular basement membrane and follicular cell
      nuclei. Two types of antibodies binding to the basement membrane were described.
      Antibodies against the first and second colloid antigens could also be detected.
      The results suggest that by indirect immunofluorescence four thyroid antibodies,
      more than known to the literature, are detectable.

PMID- 6366731
TI  - Forty years on: Kenneth Craik's The Nature of Explanation (1943).

PMID- 6366730
TI  - [Toxic shock syndrome].

PMID- 6366732
TI  - Maud L. Menten (1879-1960).

PMID- 6366733
TI  - Sacrococcygeal developmental abnormalities and tumors in children.
AB  - Lesions from the SC region of children examined histologically at the RAHC were:
      1. Malformations almost always associated with spina bifida aperta or occulta:
      183 myelomeningocele (MM), 32 meningocele (M), 35 lipoMM and lipoma, 19 dermoid
      cyst, six occult meningocele, two Pacinian hamartoma, one short filum, four
      hindgut cysts or sinuses, two tailgut cysts, and two epithelial heterotopia. 2.
      Neoplasms, usually without spina bifida: 56 teratomas (11 malignant), five
      ependymomas (two purely subcutaneous), and 14 miscellaneous primary malignancies,
      (most neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma). Distinction between MM with glial
      tissue and M without glial tissue is important as M had a much better prognosis,
      less than a third developing hydrocephalus, and 77% walking unaided. Of those
      with glial tissue, the eight without Arnold-Chiari malformation were
      myelocystocele associated with cloacal exstrophy (six), caudal regression
      syndrome (one), and microcephaly (one). Postsacral glial tissue without
      paraplegia may occur with a subcutaneous vestige of filum terminale, or with
      herniation of the nonfunctioning half of a diplomyelia. Of postsacral "lipomas"
      and dermoids, 70% had an intraspinal connection through an occult spina bifida.
      This posterior vertebral defect is easily overlooked as the arches normally may
      not ossify until after 6 years. Therefore, the pathologist receiving a postsacral
      specimen may wish to alert the clinician to the high incidence of late effects
      from an occult intraspinal component or tethering of the spinal cord. Transsacral
      hindgut herniations and cysts probably result from ectoendodermal adhesions.
      Presacral multicystic malformations with mixed squamous and mucus cell lining are
      probably tailgut remnants or anorectal duplications, and may be mistaken for
      dermoid or teratoma. In SC teratoma in infants, contrary to some reports on
      ovarian teratoma in adults, immature tissues do not indicate a worse prognosis.
      Malignancy is virtually confined to teratomas including a carcinomatous or "yolk
      sac" component. It is more common in predominantly presacral examples and rare
      before the age of 4 months. SC ependymoma differs from ependymoma elsewhere in
      that it may be primary outside the craniospinal cavity (presacral or postsacral),
      may have a myxopapillary pattern special to the region, and although low-grade
      and slow growing, is more likely to metastasize beyond the central nervous
      system. Postsacral examples arise from vestiges of the filum terminale which are
      normal in the subcutis there. Combinations of all these lesions occur with
      vertebral defects and with each other.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6366734
TI  - Doctoral programs in nursing 1983-84.

PMID- 6366735
TI  - Associate degree education for nursing 1983-1984. Information about NLN
      accredited associate degree programs in nursing.

PMID- 6366736
TI  - The sequence of the tms transcript 2 locus of the A. tumefaciens plasmid pTiA6
      and characterization of the mutation in pTiA66 that is responsible for auxin
      attenuation.
AB  - The incorporation of Ti plasmid sequences, the T-DNA, into the genomes of
      dicotyledenous plants causes the formation of tumors. Here we report the
      nucleotide sequence of one of the T-DNA "oncogenes", the transcript 2 gene of
      pTiA6 and we further characterize the 2.7 Kb element that has spontaneously
      inserted into this gene in plasmid pTiA66. The results indicate that the
      transcript 2 portion of the T-DNA has an open reading frame that could encode a
      polypeptide of 49.8 Kd. The open reading frame is surrounded by sequences that
      typically have roles in eucaryotic gene expression. Nucleotide sequence and
      Southern blot analysis also indicates that the 2.7 Kb insert in the transcript 2
      gene of pTiA66 is located within the coding sequence of the gene and suggests
      that the element is an insertion sequence. We designate this element, IS66.

PMID- 6366737
TI  - Binding of tRNA alters the chemical accessibility of nucleotides within the large
      ribosomal RNAs of E. coli ribosomes.
AB  - Functionally active 70S ribosomes were chemically modified with dimethylsulfate
      (DMS) in the presence and absence of bound tRNA. The ribosomal 16S RNA and 23S
      RNA were extracted, separated and labeled radioactively at their 3'-ends. DMS
      modification sites within the last 200 nucleotides from the 3'-ends were
      investigated on sequencing gels, after borohydride reduction and aniline
      catalyzed strand scission of the isolated RNA's. tRNA binding caused enhanced
      reactivity at 9 nucleotide positions while three sites showed decreased
      reactivity in the 16S RNA. The effects of bound tRNA on the modification of 23S
      RNA were limited. Only one enhancement was observed in the presence of bound
      tRNA. mRNA binding alone showed two more sites with enhanced reactivity, however.
      The results are consistent with the view that the sequence 1400-1500 of the 16S
      RNA plays an important functional role in the translating ribosome and possibly
      constitutes part of the tRNA binding site.

PMID- 6366738
TI  - Nucleotide sequences of three proline tRNAs from Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - The nucleotide sequences of three proline tRNAs from Salmonella typhimurium were
      determined by post-labeling procedures. The three proline tRNAs had almost
      identical sequences in the D-arm and T psi C-arm, and all contained 1
      methylguanosine next to the 3'-end of the anticodon. The anticodon sequences of
      tRNAPro1, tRNAPro2 and tRNAPro3 were 5'-CGG-3', 5'-GGG-3', and 5'-VGG-3',
      respectively. The nucleotide sequence homologies of tRNAPro2 to tRNAPro1 and
      tRNAPro3 were 68% and 78%, respectively.

PMID- 6366739
TI  - A new experimental approach for studying the association between RNA polymerase
      and the tet promoter of pBR322.
AB  - In order to follow the kinetics of the initiation of transcription by the E. coli
      RNA polymerase, we have used the procedure of abortive initiation as described by
      Mc Clure (1980) (7). In place of radioactive labeling we have taken advantage of
      a fluorescent probe (UTP gamma ANS) to obtain fast and accurate determinations of
      the rate of transcription and to deduce from kinetic equations both the binding
      constant (KB) and the rate of isomerization (k2) which characterize the classical
      two-step model. This analysis was applied to the tet promoter of pBR322 in a
      linearized plasmid DNA and was studied in function of temperature (from 25
      degrees C to 37 degrees C) and of pH (from 6 to 8.3). The association is entropy
      driven (delta H degrees = 29 Kcal/mole and delta S degrees = 130 e.u.). The
      activation energy of isomerization is 13 Kcal/mole. Both k2 and k-2 are
      increasing with pH. The insensitivity to pH of the KBK2 product could be
      tentatively explained in terms of the processive aspect of the polymerase binding
      to its specific site.

PMID- 6366741
TI  - Structural alterations of pathologically or physiologically modified DNA.
AB  - We have studied the alterations of DNA conformation in in vitro depurinated or
      methylated topological isomers of the plasmid pAT 153. Depurination by heat/acid
      treatment or alkylation by methyl methanesulfonate (pathological modifications)
      result in DNA unwinding detected as a reduction in the degree of supercoiling of
      DNA topoisomers as measured by the alteration of electrophoretic mobility on
      agarose gel. On the contrary, in vitro enzymic methylation at the C-5 position of
      cytosine (physiological modification) does not measurably alter the tertiary
      structure of the circular substrates. From the average number of modified sites
      needed to remove one superhelical twist from each single topoisomer of a
      population of partially relaxed DNA molecules, we have calculated an unwinding
      angle smaller than -3.4 degree per methylated purine and of approximately -12.0
      degree per apurinic site. These results, together with previously reported values
      of unwinding by pyrimidine dimers, suggest a possible mechanism of recognition of
      damaged sites by repair mechanisms that are not single-damage specific.

PMID- 6366740
TI  - Fluorescent labelling of tRNA and oligodeoxynucleotides using T4 RNA ligase.
AB  - 3'-O-(5'-phosphoryldeoxycytidyl) phosphorothioate and fluorescent 3'-O-(5'
      phosphoryldeoxycytidyl) S-bimane phosphorothioate can be ligated to tRNA by T4
      RNA ligase. They are also efficient donors for the enzymatic ligation to
      oligodeoxynucleotides bearing a 3'-cytidine terminus. Cytidine 3',5'-bisphosphate
      is also a substrate for the ligation reaction with DNA restriction fragments with
      a 3'-terminate cytidylic acid residue. Oligo- and polynucleotides with a 3'
      phosphorothioate group react readily with electrophiles as exemplified by the
      reaction with monobromobimane.

PMID- 6366742
TI  - Physical properties of the E. coli 4.5S RNA: first results suggest a hairpin
      helix of unusual thermal stability.
AB  - Hyperchromicity measurements and quasi-elastic laser light scattering (QELS) have
      been used to assess the solution structure of the metabolically stable E. coli
      4.5S RNA. Results from thermal denaturation measurements revealed the 4.5S
      species to be markedly more stable than most other RNAs characterized thus far.
      Optical Tm's range from 79 degrees to 88 degrees with transitions approximately
      25 degrees C wide. The Tm values show little dependence on ionic strength, but
      stability is enhanced considerably by Mg+2. In the QELS experiments the diffusion
      coefficient does not decrease until T greater than 70 degrees C. Neither the
      diffusive melting nor the diffusion coefficient at infinite dilution (D0(20,w))
      show dependencies on ionic strength but both are influenced by Mg+2. The
      diffusion behavior is in agreement with that predicted for a rigid cylindrical
      molecule 125 to 160 A long and 37 to 26 A in diameter. Taken together these
      results are consistent with the more stable hypothetical secondary structures
      that can be formed, in which 70-75% of the 114 bases are paired to form a single
      extended hairpin helix.

PMID- 6366743
TI  - The conformation of the tRNAPhe anticodon loop monitored by fluorescence.
AB  - The intrinsic fluorescence of the Wye base was used to study the conformational
      change of the anticodon loop of yeast tRNAPhe brought about by the addition of
      magnesium. The fluorescence emission and excitation spectra show dramatic changes
      as magnesium is added to the solution. The rotational relaxation time changes
      from 6 nsec without added magnesium to 33 nsec with 10 mM magnesium at an ionic
      strength of 0.1 M. Stern-Volmer quenching by iodide or iodoethanol shows greater
      access of the base to the quencher with no added magnesium. A plausible
      interpretation of this data is that the base stack of the anticodon loop is
      altered by tilting or twisting the Wye base with respect to the adjacent bases
      and the base becomes parallel to its neighbors upon the addition of magnesium.

PMID- 6366744
TI  - TET repressor.tet operator complex formation induces conformational changes in
      the tet operator DNA.
AB  - The structural changes of the tet operator DNA upon binding of the TET repressor
      protein are examined by circular dichroism. For this purpose a 70 bp DNA fragment
      was prepared which contains both tet operators. About 67% of the base pairs of
      this DNA are involved in specific interaction with the TET repressor. A rather
      large change in the CD of the DNA is induced by binding of the TET repressor. The
      shape of the CD difference spectrum is similar to the respective difference found
      for the lac operator DNA upon complex formation with the lac repressor. However,
      the effect induced by the TET repressor on tet operator DNA seems to comprise
      both the specific and non-specific effect of the lac repressor on the structure
      of DNA [Culard, F. and Maurizot, J.C. (1981) Nucl. Acids Res. 9, 5157-5184].
      Specificity of binding is confirmed by the lack of any effect of the TET
      repressor on the CD of a 95 bp lac operator containing DNA fragment, by the
      reduced mobility of TET repressor.tet operator complexes on polyacrylamide gels
      under CD conditions, and by a titration experiment of tet operator DNA with TET
      repressor employing the CD change. The latter experiment reveals a stoichiometry
      of four TET repressors per tet operon control region.

PMID- 6366745
TI  - A small angle x-ray scattering study of a fragment derived from E. coli 5S RNA.
AB  - The structure of a 62 base nuclease resistant fragment of E. coli 5S RNA (bases 1
      11, 69-87, 89-120) has been examined by small angle x-ray scattering. The results
      obtained are indistinguishable from those expected if this oligonucleotide
      complex were a perfect RNA double helix of about 30 base pairs. These results
      indicate that this portion of 5S RNA is in a configuration which is approximately
      double helical, even though proper base pairing is possible over only half its
      length.

PMID- 6366746
TI  - [Global and regional computer-assisted functional topography of the thyroid. A
      simple self-calibrating method for supplementing gamma-camera-thyroid-gland
      scintigraphy].
AB  - A semiautomatic computer program is described for the quantification of global
      and regional 20 min 99mTc-thyroid uptake. The procedure is self-calibrating by
      the activity remaining in the empty syringe. The standardized definition of the
      thyroid ROI by an isocontour in the interpolative background corrected thyroid
      image results in an excellent inter-observer variability. The very short
      processing time of 30 sec makes this procedure suitable for routine use.

PMID- 6366747
TI  - Selected list of nursing books and journals.

PMID- 6366748
TI  - Therapeutic and physical touch: physiological response to stressful stimuli.
AB  - Sixty female college students were exposed to a stressful stimulus and treated by
      therapeutic or physical touch. Groups were compared on levels of physiological
      response through electromyographic, skin conductance, and peripheral skin
      temperature measures. The hypotheses predicted that the therapeutic touch group
      would remain more relaxed than the physical touch group. None of the hypotheses
      were confirmed using a one-way analysis of covariance.

PMID- 6366749
TI  - Therapeutic touch: is there a scientific basis for the practice?
AB  - The research-related literature on the topic of therapeutic touch is critically
      reviewed. The purpose of the review is to explore the current scientific basis
      for the teaching and practice of therapeutic touch as a treatment modality. An
      examination of published research literature indicates that empirical support for
      the practice of therapeutic touch is, at best, weak. The results of well
      designed, double-blind studies have been transient, of no significance, or are in
      need of independent replication. Current practice of therapeutic touch is
      empirically little more than practice of placebo. Considerations for further
      nursing research are also presented.

PMID- 6366750
TI  - The statesman with an affection for nurses. Interview by Laurence Dopson.

PMID- 6366751
TI  - Psychological approaches to chronic pain.

PMID- 6366752
TI  - Journal of Infection Control Nursing. Serratia marcescens in a special care baby
      unit.

PMID- 6366753
TI  - ["The Nurse in Israel" 35 years ago--selected articles 1984].

PMID- 6366754
TI  - Mutagenic activity of heated potato/oil systems.
AB  - Mutagens detected with Salmonella typhimurium strain TA 98 in the presence of
      liver S9 mix were extracted from potato slices, but not pure potato starch, after
      frying in oil. No mutagenic activity was detected using strain TA 100, in the
      presence or absence of S9 mix with either fried potato slices or potato starch.
      Mutagenic activity was detected at frying temperatures of 140 degrees C and
      above. The mutagenic activity was limited to the outer portion of the fried
      potato slices and increased with frying time and temperature. Mutagenic activity
      ratios for extraction with both (NH4)2SO4/NH4OH and Na2SO4/NaOH were similar.

PMID- 6366755
TI  - Effect of butylated hydroxytoluene and butylated hydroxyanisole on the
      mutagenicity of 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl.
AB  - This study was undertaken to investigate the possible antimutagenic effects of
      butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on 3,2'
      dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (DMAB)-induced mutagenicity, using the Ames
      Salmonella/mammalian microsome system. The addition of 100-250 micrograms of BHT
      or 25-500 micrograms of BHA/plate was found to inhibit DMAB-induced mutagenicity
      in Salmonella strains TA 98 and TA 100. In TA 100, the mutagenicity was further
      inhibited with the addition of S9 prepared from the livers of rats fed a 0.6% BHT
      diet as compared to S9 from the animals fed a diet containing no BHT.

PMID- 6366756
TI  - Platinum jubilee almanac. A calendar of developments and activities of TNAI and
      in the related discipline during last seventy-five years.

PMID- 6366757
TI  - Down Memory Lane - a pioneer remembers.

PMID- 6366759
TI  - Computers. 3. Looking for CAL and the model.

PMID- 6366758
TI  - TNAI in retrospect. The Agra Conference: 1909.

PMID- 6366760
TI  - St David's day.

PMID- 6366761
TI  - Distinguished Member Award (Bruce B. Smith).

PMID- 6366762
TI  - Bond strength of amalgam to amalgam in a high-copper amalgam.

PMID- 6366763
TI  - Gingival response to laminate veneer restorations.

PMID- 6366764
TI  - A castability standard for alloys used in restorative dentistry.

PMID- 6366765
TI  - Gingival response to retraction by ferric sulfate (Astringedent).

PMID- 6366766
TI  - [Effect of aminophylline on the chemical regulation of respiration in healthy
      persons and in patients with diffuse bronchial stenosis].

PMID- 6366767
TI  - [Chylothorax--causes and treatment].

PMID- 6366768
TI  - [Marta Tikkanen: Century's love saga].

PMID- 6366769
TI  - The effect of penicillin therapy on the symptoms and signs of streptococcal
      pharyngitis.
AB  - The effect of antibiotic therapy on the rate of resolution of signs and symptoms
      of streptococcal pharyngitis in children has not been previously evaluated in a
      placebo-controlled study. Patients were randomly assigned to penicillin or
      placebo therapy and reevaluated after 48 hours, at which time benzathine
      penicillin G was given to all patients. Rates of improvement in treated (17
      patients) or control (18 patients) cases significantly favored treatment with
      regard to resolution of pharyngeal injection, tender cervical lymph node and
      total duration of fever. Symptoms of sore throat and the parents' assessment of
      the well-being of their children also significantly favored treatment. This study
      confirmed the clinical impression of physicians that specific antibiotic therapy
      promptly alleviates symptoms in most children with streptococcal pharyngitis.

PMID- 6366770
TI  - The bacteriology of recurrent otitis media and the effect of sulfisoxazole
      chemoprophylaxis.
AB  - Middle ear effusion specimens were obtained from 31 children with recurrent
      episodes of acute otitis media. Of 75 total specimens 28 were obtained from
      children during chemoprophylaxis with sulfisoxazole. A single organism was
      isolated in 65 of 70 instances. Beta-lactamase was produced from Gram-negative
      organisms in 11 instances, and penicillin resistance from Streptococcus
      pneumoniae occurred in one instance. Haemophilus influenzae predominated during
      prophylaxis; S. pneumoniae predominated without it. Serotyping and biotyping were
      performed on 28 isolates from 8 children with consecutive episodes. In 17
      instances the infecting organism was the same species but seven of these strains
      differed in serotype or biotype. The average number of weeks between onset of
      recurrence in children with homologous strains was shorter (2.6 weeks) than in
      the children from whom heterologous strains were found (5.7 weeks). Three media
      were evaluated for efficacy in 32 episodes, and direct plating resulted in the
      highest rate of recovery.

PMID- 6366772
TI  - Does penicillin make Johnny's strep throat better?

PMID- 6366771
TI  - Comparison of cefaclor and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of
      acute otitis media.
AB  - The efficacy and safety of cefaclor and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)
      were compared in 100 children with acute otitis media assigned to the two
      treatment groups in a double-blind, randomized fashion. Treatment was for 10
      days. Each patient had a diagnostic tympanocentesis before starting therapy.
      Pathogens were isolated from the middle ear aspirate in 49% of the cases, and
      organisms considered nonpathogenic were isolated as pure cultures from an
      additional 19%. Of the 100 patients 4 of 50 in the cefaclor group and 2 of 50 in
      the TMP-SMX group were considered treatment failures. In three of the four
      failures with cefaclor, compliance with the first course of therapy could not be
      ascertained. All six patients showed a good therapeutic response to an additional
      10-day course of cefaclor. We conclude that cefaclor and TMP-SMX have essentially
      equivalent efficacy in the treatment of acute otitis media.

PMID- 6366773
TI  - A review of the oral manifestations of infections in pediatric patients.

PMID- 6366774
TI  - [Prostacyclins, their synthetic analogs and the factors affecting their
      biosynthesis and release].

PMID- 6366775
TI  - [Current theories on the role of thyroid hormones in the pathomechanism of
      allergy].

PMID- 6366776
TI  - Doctor Lahey and his clinic.

PMID- 6366777
TI  - When time really counts. Medical uses of real time computing.

PMID- 6366778
TI  - Why tight diabetes control should be approached with caution.

PMID- 6366779
TI  - Practical insulin therapy.

PMID- 6366780
TI  - [Ernst Neumann. 150th anniversary of the Konigsberg pathologist and hematologist
      on 30 January 1984].

PMID- 6366781
TI  - [Purification of Bacillus mesentericus proteolytic enzymes by affinity
      chromatography].
AB  - By means of affinity chromatography on Ovomucoid-Sepharose two proteinases
      hydrolyzing casein and elastin were isolated from the supernatant of the Bacillus
      mesentericus culture medium. The activity yield of proteinases was 100%. The
      characteristics of the purified enzymes were studied. It is demonstrated that B.
      mesentericus possesses several proteinases.

PMID- 6366782
TI  - [Choice of the initial enzyme correlation in immobilizing polyenzyme systems].
AB  - An optimal, in respect to productivity (activity X stability), enzyme ratio for
      immobilization of multienzyme systems was calculated by using the kinetic
      parameters (KM and Vmax), data on the stability and yield of each enzyme during
      immobilization. The experimental data, obtained during combined immobilization of
      invertase, mutarotase and glucose oxidase, illustrate the theoretical
      propositions.

PMID- 6366783
TI  - [Ultrasonics in the combined treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 6366784
TI  - New techniques in contraception: gossypol, vaccines and GnRH analogues.

PMID- 6366785
TI  - Artificial insemination by donor: problems and perspectives.

PMID- 6366786
TI  - Human pancreatic icosapeptide: isolation, sequence, and immunocytochemical
      localization of the COOH-terminal fragment of the pancreatic polypeptide
      precursor.
AB  - In dogs, the COOH-terminal part of the pancreatic polypeptide precursor gives
      rise to a stable icosapeptide product against which an antiserum has been raised.
      By immunohistochemistry, icosapeptide immunoreactivity was localized in human
      pancrease exclusively to cells that also stored pancreatic polypeptide.
      Analytical peptide chemistry demonstrated that a peptide corresponding to the
      canine icosapeptide could be extracted from the pancreatic polypeptide-rich
      duodenal part of the human pancreas. The human pancreatic icosapeptide was
      isolated by acid ethanol extraction, gel filtration, anion-exchange
      chromatography, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The
      COOH-terminal sequence of the human icosapeptide is very similar to that of the
      canine icosapeptide, whereas none of the first nine amino acid residues are
      identical. When the primary structure of peptides from three different species
      are compared, it is apparent that the pancreatic polypeptide part of the common
      precursor is a well-conserved sequence as compared to the icosapeptide part,
      although 8 out of 11 residues in the COOH-terminal sequence of the icosapeptide
      are identical in all three species.

PMID- 6366787
TI  - Aminomalonic acid: identification in Escherichia coli and atherosclerotic plaque.
AB  - Aminomalonic acid (Ama) has been isolated from proteins of Escherichia coli and
      human atherosclerotic plaque. The presence of Ama has important biological
      implications because the malonic acid moiety potentially imparts calcium binding
      properties to protein. Ama was obtained by anaerobic alkaline hydrolysis and
      identified by chromatographic behavior, quantitative acid-mediated
      decarboxylation to glycine, and unambiguous gas chromatographic/mass spectral
      detection. The chromatographic, chemical, and mass spectral properties of
      naturally occurring Ama were identical to those of the synthetic compound. Amino
      acid analysis and GC/mass spectrometry also revealed the presence of beta
      carboxyaspartic acid and gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in the base hydrolysate of
      human atherosclerotic plaque. The ratio of Ama to beta-carboxyaspartic acid to
      gamma-carboxyglutamic acid was 20:1:10, and the quantity of Ama per 1,000 glycine
      residues was 0.2. Ama is a relatively unstable, minor amino acid in complex
      structures such as bacteria or tissues. This may explain why it has escaped
      detection previously, despite intensive investigation.

PMID- 6366789
TI  - Synthetic somatomedin C: comparison with natural hormone isolated from human
      plasma.
AB  - The biological and immunological properties of a chemically synthesized
      preparation of somatomedin C (Sm-C) were compared with those of the natural
      product isolated from human plasma. The two preparations produced identical
      curves in the radioimmunoassay and radioreceptor assay for Sm-C and in the
      radioreceptor assay for insulin. They were identical in their ability to
      stimulate DNA synthesis in confluent BALB/c 3T3 cells previously exposed to
      platelet-derived growth factor, and the biological activities of both
      preparations were completely neutralized by a monoclonal antibody raised against
      native Sm-C. These studies demonstrate that the chemically synthesized product is
      equivalent to the native molecule in all important respects and that it can be
      used interchangeably with the natural product for any studies that are
      contemplated.

PMID- 6366788
TI  - Androgen induction of ornithine decarboxylase mRNA in mouse kidney as studied by
      complementary DNA.
AB  - To investigate the mechanisms by which androgens regulate ornithine decarboxylase
      (OrnDCase; L-ornithine carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.17) in mouse kidney, a cDNA clone
      encoding OrnDCase mRNA was prepared. Purification of OrnDCase mRNA from kidneys
      of androgen-treated mice was accomplished by immunoadsorption of renal polysomes
      to a protein A-Sepharose column and enrichment for poly(A)-containing RNA by
      oligo(dT)-cellulose. Double-stranded cDNA synthesized from this mRNA was inserted
      into the Pst I site of plasmid pBR322 by using oligo(dG . dC)-tailing and was
      propagated in Escherichia coli. Plasmids containing cDNA sequences coding for
      OrnDCase were identified by differential colony hybridization, by
      radioimmunological detection of OrnDCase-like antigens in bacterial cultures, and
      by cell-free translation of hybrid-selected mRNA followed by immunoprecipitation
      with monospecific OrnDCase antiserum. A restriction endonuclease fragment of the
      selected plasmid DNA (pODC54) was labeled by nick-translation and used to study
      changes in OrnDCase mRNA concentration. After a single dose of testosterone,
      renal OrnDCase mRNA concentration increased as soon as 6 hr and peaked 24 hr
      after steroid injection, as measured by RNA blot hybridization. Continuous
      androgen treatment for 4 days resulted in a 10- to 20-fold increase in OrnDCase
      mRNA concentration in normal animals, but no induction of this mRNA was detected
      in mice that have an inherent defect of the androgen receptor (testicular
      feminization). These results indicate that androgens regulate OrnD-Case synthesis
      in mouse kidney, at least in part, by increasing OrnDCase mRNA accumulation.

PMID- 6366790
TI  - Lysosomes are associated with microtubules and not with intermediate filaments in
      cultured fibroblasts.
AB  - Double immunofluorescent labeling experiments for lysosomes and either
      microtubules or vimentin intermediate filaments in cultured well-spread
      fibroblasts show a remarkable degree of superposition of the lysosomes and the
      microtubules. Under two different sets of conditions where the microtubules and
      intermediate filaments are well segregated from one another, the lysosomes remain
      codistributed with the microtubules. It is suggested that this specific
      association of lysosomes with microtubules reflects some type(s) of linkage(s)
      between them and that such linkages may play an important role in the location
      and intracellular transport of lysosomes inside cells.

PMID- 6366791
TI  - Immunofluorescence analysis of the primordial myosin detectable in embryonic
      striated muscle.
AB  - Immunofluorescence analysis showed that the earliest myosin detectable in both
      the embryonic chicken heart and somitic myotome, the precursor to skeletal
      muscle, was strongly reactive with two different monoclonal antibodies specific
      for the heavy chain of cardiac ventricular myosin, but it showed no reactivity
      with affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies specific for the heavy chains of
      either fast-twitch or slow-tonic skeletal myosins. The heart remained reactive
      exclusively with the antibodies to cardiac myosin throughout development, while
      late embryonic (day 20) skeletal muscles were strongly reactive only with their
      homologous skeletal myosin antibodies. Our findings suggest that the primordial
      myosin heavy chain detectable in both forms of embryonic chicken striated muscle,
      the myotome and the heart, is immunologically distinct from myosins expressed in
      later embryonic as well as adult skeletal muscles, but it contains antigenic
      determinants similar to those present in cardiac ventricular myosin.

PMID- 6366793
TI  - Comparison of immunity to malaria in Sudan and Indonesia: crisis-form versus
      merozoite-invasion inhibition.
AB  - Immunity to falciparum malaria was compared in two populations from malarious
      areas of southern Sudan and Flores, Indonesia. In Sudan, splenomegaly in adults
      was rare and anti-plasmodium indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) titers were low
      to moderate, 1:1,280 being the modal titer. Sudanese serum was profoundly
      inhibitory to cultured Plasmodium falciparum, reducing incorporation of
      radiolabeled hypoxanthine by 63-93% and severely retarding intraerythrocytic
      parasite development, resulting in moribund crisis-form parasites and virtually
      no healthy schizonts. In Flores, 64% of the serum donors had splenomegaly greater
      than or equal to Hackett spleen grade 4 or 5, and the modal IFA titer was
      1:10,240. Sera from Indonesia did not retard intraerythrocytic parasite
      development, but inhibited merozoite erythrocyte invasion 22-87%. Anti-merozoite
      activity did not correlate with IFA titers. The differences in principal modes of
      anti-parasitic activity suggest that immunity to malaria in Sudan is based on
      cell-mediated immune mechanisms associated with crisis forms, merozoite
      neutralization being of secondary importance. In contrast, malaria immunity in
      Flores appears to be principally based on anti-merozoite antibody, which does not
      cause crisis forms and allows for development of reduced numbers of healthy
      schizonts. This less efficient mechanism may lead to a continuous low-grade
      parasitemia, which could explain the high specific malaria antibody titers and
      adult splenomegaly in Flores as compared to Sudan. This latter approach to
      immunity, being less efficient than the former, apparently results in chronic
      malaria infections with associated high Ig titers and splenomegaly.

PMID- 6366792
TI  - Characterization of a membrane antigen from rabbit testis and sperm isolated by
      using monoclonal antibodies and effect of its antiserum on fertility.
AB  - An antigen was isolated from deoxycholate-solubilized rabbit testis and sperm by
      using an immunosorbent column containing IgG from a monoclonal antibody (8C10.5)
      that inhibits fertility. Elution was by stepwise increases in pH (8.0, 10.0, and
      11.4), with the pH 11.4 fraction after recycling through the column showing a
      single band at 63 kilodaltons in slab NaDodSO4/PAGE with a silver stain. The
      antigen molecule was composed of two subunits, which on two-dimensional PAGE
      showed many spots within the same molecular size range (50-70 kilodaltons) but
      differing in charge. The antigen isolated either from testis or sperm showed
      mainly the same spots. The antigen is periodic acid/Schiff positive and contained
      21% carbohydrate. An asialo-derivative of the antigen did not change its
      characteristics on NaDodSO4/PAGE. This glycoprotein resolved into two types of
      polypeptides, those binding and those not binding to a lens culinaris lectin
      column; some of the polypeptides appeared common to both fractions. Murine
      antiserum against the antigen neither agglutinated nor immobilized rabbit sperm
      but in immunofluorescence reacted with the plasma membrane of viable rabbit sperm
      as well as with murine and human sperm. Fertilization of female rabbits
      inseminated with treated sperm was not affected, but, by 9 days, fertility was
      significantly reduced (21% of controls). The postfertilization antifertility
      effect was not due to parthenogenic activation or to polyspermy. The antiserum
      reacted with one specific band in the one- and two-dimensional gel
      electrophoretic transfer blot procedure and was unaffected by absorption with
      different somatic tissues.

PMID- 6366794
TI  - Quantitative investigation of hepatic genomic response to hormonal and
      pathophysiological stimuli by multivariate analysis of two-dimensional mRNA
      activity profiles.
AB  - We have applied techniques of multivariate analysis to the characterization and
      comparison of the effects of various pathophysiological and hormonal stimuli on
      the expression of the rat hepatic genome at a pretranslational level. In vitro
      translated products were resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. We
      analyzed 10 pathophysiological states brought about by variation in thyroidal
      status, starvation, administration of high carbohydrate diet, and the production
      of experimentally induced diabetes mellitus. Each state differed significantly
      from every other state in the two-dimensional electrophoretic profiles. The set
      consisting of the minimal number of products necessary for maintaining the
      distinctive patterns was identified. The analysis also defined those clusters of
      products that behaved in a coordinate fashion in response to the various stimuli.
      Lastly, the similarity and dissimilarity of hepatic mRNA activity profiles to
      each other could be geometrically represented in three-dimensional space. Our
      finding that the hepatic mRNA activity profile could distinguish reliably between
      closely related hormonal and pathophysiological stimuli indicates the specificity
      of hepatic genomic expression. A systematic analysis of such profiles may be
      useful as an overall index of the biologic response at the hepatocellular level.

PMID- 6366795
TI  - Amino acid sequence homology among the major outer membrane proteins of
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Analysis of amino acid sequences reported for the major outer membrane proteins
      of Escherichia coli, including the porins (OmpF, OmpC, and PhoE), the phage
      lambda receptor (LamB), and another protein (OmpA), revealed several regions of
      local homology that is statistically significant. The implications of this
      observation are discussed in relation to the evolutionary origins of these
      proteins, as well as to the mechanism of export of these proteins to the outer
      membrane.

PMID- 6366796
TI  - Insulin stimulation of phospholipid methylation in isolated rat adipocyte plasma
      membranes.
AB  - Partially purified plasma membranes prepared from rat adipocytes contain N
      methyltransferase(s) that utilize(s) S-adenosyl-L-methionine to synthesize
      phosphatidylcholine from phosphatidylethanolamine. The incorporation of
      [3H]methyl from S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-3H]methionine into plasma membrane
      phospholipids was linear with incubation time and plasma membrane protein
      concentration and was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by both S-adenosyl-L
      homocysteine and 3-deazadenosine. The addition of insulin to plasma membranes
      stimulated the methylation of endogenous phosphatidylethanolamine, as evidenced
      by an increase in the levels of phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine,
      phosphatidyl-N, N-dimethylethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine. The effect of
      insulin was rapid and concentration-dependent, with 100 microunits/ml providing
      near maximal stimulation. The incorporation of [3H]methyl into phospholipids of
      control and insulin-stimulated plasma membranes was enhanced by the addition of
      exogenous methyltransferase substrates phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyl-N
      monomethylethanolamine, and phosphatidyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine. The
      stimulatory effect of insulin on adipocyte plasma membrane phospholipid
      methylation may have a physiological role in insulin action.

PMID- 6366797
TI  - Tumor cell proteinase visualization and quantification using a fluorescent
      transition-state analog probe.
AB  - The fluorescent proteinase transition-state analog inhibitor, dansyl-L-argininal
      (DnsArgH), may be a selective probe of cysteine and serine-type proteinases in a
      fibrosarcoma tumor cell line (HSDM1C1). DnsArgH binds with high affinity to
      proteinases because of its transition-state analog properties, and on association
      it gives a dramatically increased fluorescent yield. The DnsArgH binding is
      inhibited by the serine proteinase inhibitor diisopropyl fluorophosphate and by
      the cysteine proteinase inhibitor p-chloromercuribenzoate. The fluorescence
      emission appears at its maximum steady-state yield immediately on addition of
      DnsArgH to the HSDM1C1 fibrosarcoma cells. The immediacy of the DnsArgH reaction
      supports the contention that DnsArgH binding may be to cell surface-associated
      proteinases. Quantification of the cell proteinase concentration, by comparison
      of the fluorescence yield obtained from DnsArgH interactions with bovine trypsin
      and papain, indicates 10(-15) to 10(-16) mol of proteinase per HSDM1C1 cell. In
      fluorescence microscopy, DnsArgH fluorescence appears distributed throughout the
      fibrosarcoma cell without association to organelles. DnsArgH fluorescence from
      normal fibroblast controls (IMR-90) was found to be substantially lower than in
      the transformed fibrosarcoma cells, supporting a hypothesis that proteinases have
      a role in malignancy.

PMID- 6366798
TI  - Molecular cloning of hormone-responsive genes from the yeast Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae.
AB  - A method for identifying yeast genes whose transcription is differentially
      regulated was developed. The technique is based on incorporation of the analog 4
      thiouridine into nascent RNAs, which allows their purification. The purified RNAs
      are used to prepare cDNA copies for screening of genomic DNA libraries by
      hybridization. Using this procedure, several cloned yeast DNA segments were found
      whose transcription in MATa haploids in vivo is apparently modulated in dramatic
      fashion within 10-15 min after exposure to the mating pheromone, alpha factor.
      Subsequent analysis indicated that these sequences fall into three major classes:
      (i) genes expressed in vegetatively growing cells that are no longer transcribed
      after alpha-factor administration ("turn-off" genes); (ii) genes whose expression
      is increased 10- to 20-fold after exposure of the MATa cells to alpha factor
      ("turn-up" genes); and (iii) genes that are expressed only after alpha-factor
      treatment ("turn-on" genes). The first class may encode products required for
      cell cycle progression; the third class may code for products uniquely involved
      in the mating process.

PMID- 6366799
TI  - Specificity of polyamine requirements for the replication and maintenance of
      different double-stranded RNA plasmids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - We have shown previously that the M1 double-stranded (ds) RNA (i.e., the killer
      plasmid [KIL-k1]) that codes for a protein toxin requires spermidine or spermine
      for its replication. We now report that replication of two other ds RNA plasmids
      of yeast also requires polyamines: (i) M2 ds RNA [( KIL-k2]) and (ii) L-A-E, a ds
      RNA plasmid carrying the non-Mendelian genetic element [EXL]. Putrescine alone is
      sufficient to maintain L-A-E but is not sufficient to maintain either M1 ds RNA
      or M2 ds RNA, which require either spermidine or spermine. Once M1 or M2 or L-A-E
      is lost, it cannot be restored by the addition of polyamines. In contrast, L-A
      HN, a ds RNA molecule that carries the cytoplasmic genes [HOK] and [NEX], is not
      lost during polyamine deprivation. It is striking that polyamine deprivation
      differentially affects L-A-E and L-A-HN, even though these two ds RNA molecules
      have more than 99% homology. L-C, which is the same size as L-A but very
      different in sequence, is also not lost on polyamine starvation.

PMID- 6366800
TI  - Neurotrophic factor for central neurons.
AB  - A serum-free culture of dissociated neurons from embryonic rat hippocampus has
      been established as a rapid and quantitative in vitro test system for
      neurotrophic signals in the mammalian brain. By means of this cell culture
      bioassay, a novel low molecular weight neurotrophic factor (NTF) could be
      identified. NTF is essential for in vitro brain neuron development, promoting
      survival and neurite outgrowth. The diffusible factor is synthesized and secreted
      into serum-free defined medium by cultured astrocytes from rat cerebral
      hemispheres. The number of viable neurons responding to NTF by neurite outgrowth
      is dependent on the concentration of the factor. Fractionation of astroglial
      conditioned medium by gel filtration on columns of Sephadex G-10 recovered
      biological activity of NTF in a single sharp peak corresponding to an apparent
      molecular weight of approximately equal to 500. NTF is stable to heat and cold
      and resistant to trypsin and pronase. Unlike nerve growth factor, NTF has no
      apparent effect on the neurite outgrowth of peripheral neurons. NTF-like activity
      is present in situ in the mammalian brain, in certain other nonneural tissues,
      and in C6 and B12 glioma cell conditioned media.

PMID- 6366801
TI  - Childhood death and medical ethics: an historical perspective on truth-telling in
      pediatrics.

PMID- 6366802
TI  - Methods for detection of the delta antigen and antibody in liver and serum.

PMID- 6366803
TI  - A pathophysiological role of endogenous prostacyclin in endotoxin induced
      increase in lung vascular permeability in dogs.
AB  - Escherichia coli endotoxin (1 mg/kg) infusion over 30 min into anesthetized
      artificially ventilated dogs caused a biphasic response: an early phase of
      pulmonary hypertension and a late phase of increased lung vascular permeability.
      During an early phase, PG F2 alpha, Tx A2 (as Tx B2) and prostacyclin (as 6-keto
      PG F1 alpha) concentrations increased in plasma or right duct lymph of dogs.
      During a late phase, the concentrations of PG F2 alpha and Tx A2 decreased to
      near the base-line values, while the concentration of prostacyclin remained
      elevated. Administrations of PG synthetase inhibitors 45 min prior to endotoxin
      inhibited the increase in concentration of prostacyclin following the infusion of
      endotoxin and potentiated the increase in lung vascular permeability at the
      beginning of the late phase. Continuous infusion of prostacyclin (20 ng/kg/min)
      starting one hour before endotoxin for 5 hour periods prevented the increase in
      lung vascular permeability induced by endotoxin. Based on these results, we could
      conclude that endogenous prostacyclin might play an important role in preserving
      cell integrity of lungs and counteract the deleterious effects of endotoxin.

PMID- 6366804
TI  - Single-blind comparison of penbutolol and long-acting propranolol in general
      practice.
AB  - A multi-centre, single-blind trial was carried out in general practice to compare
      the therapeutic efficacy, tolerance and compliance of penbutolol and long-acting
      propranolol, both given once daily, in patients with mild to moderate
      hypertension. Two hundred and twenty-two patients (111 patients in each treatment
      group) completed the 8-week treatment period. On completion, diastolic blood
      pressure was under control in 60% of patients receiving penbutolol and in 55% of
      patients receiving long-acting propranolol. Tolerance of the trial medications
      was good. At the final assessment, 88.3% of patients receiving penbutolol and
      93.7% of patients receiving long-acting propranolol indicated no problems on
      direct questioning. Side-effects, as elicited from a 24-item symptoms list, were
      similar for both treatments and were generally minimal. Compliance was good in
      both treatment groups.

PMID- 6366805
TI  - Long-acting and short-acting diuretics in the treatment of hypertension.
AB  - A single-blind trial was carried out in 36 people with mild to moderate
      hypertension to compare the efficacy and tolerance of long-term treatment with
      furosemide and chlorthalidone. After a 30-day wash-out period, patients were
      treated for 6 months with a single daily dose of either 25 mg furosemide or 50 mg
      chlorthalidone. They were then crossed over to the alternative drug, after a 15
      day wash-out period, for a further 6 months. Results from the 25 patients who
      completed the study period showed that both treatments were successful in
      reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly after 1 month and
      blood pressure was controlled at the lower level for the remainder of the study
      period. There was no statistically significant difference between the two
      treatments at the end of the trial in respect of their antihypertensive efficacy.
      However, patients on chlorthalidone showed a marked, significant decrease in
      serum potassium levels from 1 month onwards compared to patients treated with
      furosemide and at the end of 6 months 10 (25%) were considered to be hypokalaemic
      whereas only 2 (8%) of the furosemide-treated patients had serum potassium levels
      lower than 3.5 mmol/l. Few side-effects were reported and patient compliance was
      good in both treatment groups.

PMID- 6366806
TI  - Clenbuterol and salbutamol in the symptomatic treatment of patients with
      reversible airways obstruction.
AB  - In a single-blind, partially randomized, crossover study, 48 patients with
      reversible airways obstruction were treated with 4 mg salbutamol 3-times daily,
      20 micrograms clenbuterol twice daily and 40 micrograms clenbuterol twice daily,
      each regimen being given for 2 weeks. With all treatments there was an
      improvement in lung function, as indicated by daily monitoring of PEFR and
      subjective assessment of breathing, and there were no significant differences
      between them. Side-effects were few. It is considered, therefore, that twice
      daily regimens of clenbuterol can be as effective as salbutamol given 3-times
      daily and this may help to improve patient compliance.

PMID- 6366807
TI  - A comparative study of dithranol cream, 0.25% and 0.1%, and dithranol ointment
      0.25% in the treatment of psoriasis.
AB  - A trial was carried out in 60 patients with relatively stable psoriasis to
      compare the effectiveness, tolerance and cosmetic properties of dithranol in a
      cream base (0.1% and 0.25%) or in the form of a soft paraffin ointment (0.25%).
      Patients were assigned at random to receive treatment with one or other of the
      three formulations, applied once daily, over a period of 4 weeks. Assessments
      were made initially and after 2 and 4 weeks of induration, redness, scaling and
      pruritus and during the trial of staining of clothes and linen, skin
      discolouration and burning. There was no significant difference in effect between
      dithranol cream 0.25% and dithranol ointment 0.25%, while both showed a better
      effect than dithranol cream 0.1% (p less than 0.05). The dithranol cream
      preparations were significantly better (p less than 0.05) than dithranol ointment
      0.25% regarding all the cosmetic variables after 2 as well as after 4-weeks'
      treatment. The same applied to the patients' overall evaluation of the cosmetic
      acceptability. Three patients in the dithranol ointment group were considered as
      treatment failures. One of them refused to continue with the treatment due to
      burning and another due to burning and staining.

PMID- 6366808
TI  - A multi-centre, double-blind study of serrapeptase versus placebo in post
      antrotomy buccal swelling.
AB  - A multi-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was carried out to
      investigate the clinical efficacy of the anti-inflammatory enzyme serrapeptase in
      a total of 174 patients who underwent Caldwell-Luc antrotomy for chronic empyema.
      Eighty-eight patients received 10 mg serrapeptase 3 times on the day before
      operation, once on the night of the operation and 3 times daily for 5 days after
      operation; the other 86 received placebo. Changes in buccal swelling after
      operation were observed as a parameter of the response to treatment. The degree
      of swelling in the serrapeptase-treated patients was significantly less than that
      in the placebo-treated patients at every point of observation after operation up
      to the 5th day (p less than 0.01 to p less than 0.05). Maximal swelling
      throughout all the post-operative points of observation was also significantly
      smaller in size in the serrapeptase-treated group than in the placebo-treated
      group. No side-effects were reported.

PMID- 6366809
TI  - Naproxen and aspirin in acute musculoskeletal disorders: a double-blind, parallel
      study in patients with sports injuries.
AB  - Seventy-nine patients with injuries of less than 14-days' duration were treated
      with either 750 mg naproxen or 2 g acetylsalicylic acid daily for 7 days in a
      double-blind trial. A statistically significant improvement (p less than 0.001)
      was noted in both treatment groups in respect of tenderness on palpation, pain on
      movement and functional capacity. However, there were no significant differences
      between the groups. Fresh injuries were over-represented in the acetylsalicylic
      acid group (p less than 0.01), and when all patients were analyzed together, a
      significantly better treatment result was obtained the shorter the interval
      between injury and start of treatment. This might have influenced the results
      from this study. Fifteen side-effects were reported by 11 patients, 5 in the
      naproxen group and 6 in the acetylsalicylic acid group. None was serious, and
      only 2 patients interrupted the treatment for this reason. It is suggested that
      treatment with analgesics or anti-inflammatory drugs should start as early as
      possible after the injury.

PMID- 6366810
TI  - A multi-centre trial comparing a sulfamethopyrazine/trimethoprim combination with
      co-trimoxazole in respiratory tract infections.
AB  - A double-blind, multi-centre trial was carried out in 72 patients with acute or
      chronic infections of the lower respiratory tract to compare the efficacy and
      tolerance of a sulfamethopyrazine (200 mg)/trimethoprim (250 mg) combination with
      that of the established combination co-trimoxazole (400 mg sulphamethoxazole plus
      80 mg trimethoprim). Patients received treatment for 10 days either with 2
      capsules of co-trimoxazole twice daily or in the newer combination group with 2
      capsules on Day 1 but then only 1 capsule daily for the remainder of the
      treatment period. The results of clinical, bacteriological and functional tests
      showed an excellent or good response in over 90% of patients in each group. There
      was no statistically significant difference in effectiveness of treatment with
      the once-daily sulfamethopyrazine/trimethoprim regime compared with co
      trimoxazole given twice daily, and both treatments were well tolerated, with only
      a few mild side-effects, mainly gastro-intestinal ones, being reported.

PMID- 6366811
TI  - A comparative trial of ordinary metoprolol tablets and metoprolol sustained
      release tablets in hypertensive patients at rest and on exercise.
AB  - An open, randomized crossover trial was carried out in 10 patients with
      hypertension to compare the degree and duration of antihypertensive effect of
      metoprolol given as 100 mg ordinary tablets twice daily and as single daily doses
      of a 200 mg sustained-release tablet. Blood pressures and heart rate were
      measured, at rest and during maximum exercise effort, before treatment, at the
      second hour after the start of each treatment sequence, and at the end of both 14
      day treatment periods: after 12 hours in the case of ordinary metoprolol and
      after 24 hours with sustained-release metoprolol. The results showed that heart
      rate was greatly reduced (less than 0.001) both at rest and on exercise at all
      times studied with both treatments. At rest, blood pressure was significantly
      reduced except by sustained-release metoprolol at 2 hours. On exercise, blood
      pressure was also significantly reduced except for the 12-hour value for
      diastolic pressure with ordinary metoprolol. It is concluded that, for similar
      reductions in heart rate reflecting satisfactory beta-receptor blockade, the
      antihypertensive effect of metoprolol given at a dosage of 200 mg per day was
      more rapid in onset after the ordinary tablet formulation but less marked at 12
      hours than at 24 hours after the sustained-release formulation.

PMID- 6366813
TI  - [A lost pharmaceutical dictionary of the 17th century from Silesia].

PMID- 6366812
TI  - [Pharmacologic effects of gibberellic acid].

PMID- 6366814
TI  - [A quarter-century of the common course of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels with
      their friend and fellow fighter Carl Schorlemmer].

PMID- 6366815
TI  - [The most important claims of the revolutionary German Social Democracy
      concerning pharmacy system at the end of the 19th century].

PMID- 6366816
TI  - Studies on the entry of cholinesterase reactivators into red blood cells.

PMID- 6366817
TI  - [Amphiphilic drugs. 2. Relation between colloidal properties and pharmaceutic
      technological, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behavior].
AB  - The physicochemical properties of amphiphilic drugs may affect the technological,
      pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behaviours. Micelle formation of a drug is of
      considerable importance for its solubility, stability, adsorption pattern, mixed
      micelle formation and influences thus its pharmaceutical availability. The
      biological availability is in many cases decreased by interactions of a surface
      active drug with other substances before absorption, by altered diffusion
      behaviour and distribution properties. Colloidal association may also result in
      an alteration of pharmacodynamic effects. These relations depend on the fact,
      that discrete hydrophobic an hydrophilic parts in a molecule are also
      prerequisites for micelle formation and receptor interactions. Furthermore the
      high membrane affinity of these drugs is responsible for some therapeutic and
      toxic effects.

PMID- 6366819
TI  - Effects of zopiclone on the sleep of chronic insomniacs.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short- and intermediate-term (21
      days) effectiveness, as well as the carryover and withdrawal effects of 7.5 mg of
      zopiclone, a new short-acting hypnotic agent. 6 patients with chronic insomnia,
      ranging in age from 33 to 57, participated in the study. Both EEG sleep
      recordings and subjective rating scales were used to evaluate the drug. Zopiclone
      increased the total sleep time throughout its 3-week administration period
      although only during the short-term period was this increase statistically above
      baseline. There was no carryover effect nor rebound insomnia upon drug
      withdrawal. The drug significantly increased the duration of stage 2 sleep,
      decreased stages 3 and 4 sleep, and had no effect on the duration of REM sleep.
      There were no reported side effects.

PMID- 6366818
TI  - Effects of zopiclone as compared to flurazepam on sleep in women over 40 years of
      age.
AB  - Zopiclone is a new nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic, the recommended dose of which is
      7.5 mg. It was compared to flurazepam 30 mg in a sleep laboratory study. 12 women
      aged 40-60 years, with subjective sleep disorders for at least 2 months, were
      treated for 13 nights with each drug in a crossover double-blind design. Each
      active drug period was preceded by 5 days of placebo washout and followed by 35
      days of withdrawal (no treatment). A baseline period of 4 nights (without
      treatment) was obtained before the study itself. The subjects slept in the sleep
      laboratory during the baseline period, during the last 3 nights on placebo,
      during the last 3 nights on active drug, and from the 11th to the 13th night
      after active drug discontinuation. Polygraphic recordings were obtained during
      each of these nights. The criteria of Kales and Rechtschaffen were used to score
      the tracings. Both drugs were shown to be effective when compared to placebo.
      Comparisons between the two periods with active treatment did not show
      significant differences for sleep onset latency, total sleep time, sleep
      efficiency index, stage 0, percent REM, number of REM periods, and REM latency.
      There was a trend towards an increase with zopiclone of the number of awakenings,
      percent of stage 3, percent of deep sleep, and an increase with flurazepam of the
      percent of light sleep. A significant difference was only found for percent of
      stage 2 (increased with flurazepam).

PMID- 6366820
TI  - A comparative study of zopiclone and flunitrazepam in insomniacs seen by general
      practitioners.
AB  - A double-blind crossover trial was conducted in 42 outpatients of either sex in
      order to obtain information on the properties of 7.5 mg of zopiclone in a general
      practice setting compared with 2 mg of flunitrazepam. Each patient went through
      two periods of treatment, each period lasting 10 days. A comparison of the effect
      of the drugs showed a significant difference with regard to effectiveness and
      sleep latency favoring flunitrazepam. When patient's preferences were analyzed
      there was a highly significant difference favoring flunitrazepam both for
      effectiveness and tolerance. The side effects from both drugs were generally
      mild.

PMID- 6366821
TI  - Zopiclone to geriatric patients. A parallel double-blind dose-response clinical
      trial of zopiclone as a hypnotic to geriatric patients - a study in a geriatric
      hospital.
AB  - Zopiclone was given for 14 nights to 68 geriatric patients (mean age 81 years)
      with sleep problems. The patients were randomly allocated to four treatment
      groups: 3.75 mg, 5.0, 7.5, or 10.0 mg of zopiclone. Sleep quantity and quality,
      side effects, and influence on psychomotor performance (digit symbol substitution
      and letter cancellation test) were studied before treatment, during active
      treatment, and after withdrawal of the drug. All patients slept better on
      zopiclone compared to placebo. There were only slight differences between the
      different dose levels as regards quantity and quality. No influence on
      psychomotor performance could be shown. The side effects were mild. Zopiclone
      showed a good hypnotic efficacy, and 7.5 mg is probably the best dose for elderly
      patients.

PMID- 6366822
TI  - Efficacy and tolerance of zopiclone in insomniac geriatric patients.
AB  - Zopiclone is a cyclopyrrolone derivative which exerts, in animal and man, an
      hypnotic activity comparable to that of flurazepam. In healthy adult insomniacs
      it was well tolerated upon repeated administration for 28 days. In a double
      blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, three dose levels of zopiclone (5,
      7.5, and 10 mg) were compared to 15 mg of flurazepam in 30 geriatric insomniacs.
      The 7.5- and 10-mg doses demonstrated hypnotic potency comparable to that of
      flurazepam, and the active treatments were superior to placebo. For most sleep
      indices, 7.5 mg was the optimal therapeutic dose. Few side effects were reported.
      These were not clinically significant. Zopiclone is efficacious and well
      tolerated in the treatment of geriatric patients suffering from insomnia. A
      dosage range of 7.5-10 mg is recommended.

PMID- 6366823
TI  - Comparative study of zopiclone and pentobarbitone as hypnotics.
AB  - The safety and efficacy of zopiclone (7.5 mg) and pentobarbitone (100 mg) were
      compared in 60 adult outpatients suffering from insomnia. The patients were
      randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups, and the medication was
      taken at bedtime for 16 days. Zopiclone and pentobarbitone, compared with
      placebo, improved sleep onset, duration of sleep, number of night time
      awakenings, and quality of sleep. Zopiclone was superior to pentobarbitone with
      regard to sleep quality, judgement of therapy, and condition in the morning. Side
      effects were reported in each treatment group, but were less frequent in the
      zopiclone group (p less than 0.005). Zopiclone is a useful drug for the treatment
      of sleep disturbances, not only because of its efficacy, but also because of its
      tolerability.

PMID- 6366824
TI  - Comparison of nitrazepam and zopiclone in psychiatric patients.
AB  - This investigation compares the effects of single and double doses of nitrazepam
      (5 and 10 mg) and zopiclone (7.5 and 15 mg) and placebo for 1 night in 40
      psychiatric patients. The results indicate that zopiclone is an active hypnotic
      compound, comparable in its effects to those of nitrazepam, the higher dosage
      being best adapted to the type of patients included in the study.

PMID- 6366825
TI  - Rational basis for the use of sleeping pills.
AB  - The diagnosis and treatment of insomnia is a major clinical issue. This is
      because the complaint of insomnia is highly prevalent and because the various
      clinical and laboratory manifestations of insomnia are complex. In addition,
      insomnia involves both day and night. This paper attempts to provide a rational
      framework for the evaluation of insomnia and the use of sleeping pills. Insomnia
      is defined and described with special attention to differentiating the subjective
      complaint and the laboratory assessment of objective sleep parameters. Specific
      disorders causing or associated with sleep disturbance and the complaint of
      insomnia are described, and some data bearing on relative prevalence of specific
      disorders are presented. Consideration of sleeping pills involves the evaluation
      of hypnotic efficacy as a property of the medication on the one hand and the
      practical clinical application on the other. Properties of different hypnotics
      are reviewed, including factors that affect the use of hypnotics in clinical
      practice. It is concluded that the rational use of sleeping pills demands a
      systematic approach to the evaluation of the individual patient and a specific
      attempt to formulate individual treatment goals together with a knowledgeable
      consideration of the specific chemotherapeutic agent to be utilized.

PMID- 6366826
TI  - The estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities of androgens in female target
      tissues.

PMID- 6366827
TI  - Placental drug transfer: effects of gestational age and species.
AB  - The available evidence suggests that for most drugs, adverse effects in the fetus
      may vary with gestational state and among species due to: (i) changes in the
      fetal exposure to the drug (i.e. due to changes in the pharmacokinetics of the
      drug in the mother and/or the fetus), or to (ii) changes in the susceptibility of
      the fetus to the drug. The fetal exposure to a drug during gestation is
      influenced more by the varying capacity of mother and/or fetus to eliminate the
      drug than by any intrinsic 'barrier' phenomenon at the placenta. Although
      differential maternal/fetal protein binding, active transplacental transport
      processes and 'ion-trapping' effects may influence the fetal exposure of some
      drugs, the main mechanisms by which fetal exposure may be modulated during
      pregnancy are via the capacity for irreversible drug elimination--by the fetus
      or, less often, by the placenta. The susceptibility of a fetus to adverse drug
      reactions is determined by the ontogeny of vital processes and the nature of the
      interaction between the drug and the process. Hence 'gestational state' and
      'species' dependent differences in adverse drug effects, in the presence of a
      constant level of exposure of drug, reflect the time dependent appearance of
      these processes and the differences in ontogeny of the processes among species.
      At present, no studies have attempted to relate the measured fetal drug exposure
      to the intensity of a drug response at different stages of gestation or among
      species. Although there is a dearth of information in this field, it is apparent
      that in all species the placentas of all species pose little obstruction to the
      passage of xenobiotics (including drugs), to the fetus. The consequence of this
      exposure will depend on a myriad of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic
      considerations for a given substance in a given species. Hence the outcome cannot
      be predicted, but must be empirically determined. Extrapolation of findings among
      different drugs, species and gestational states must be undertaken with caution,
      recognizing the above considerations and limitations.

PMID- 6366828
TI  - Neurohypophyseal hormones and cognition.

PMID- 6366830
TI  - When did you last see your rontgen?--The SI units and their use.

PMID- 6366831
TI  - 40 years of development in radiation protection.

PMID- 6366829
TI  - Neurohypophyseal hormones in tolerance and physical dependence.

PMID- 6366832
TI  - New regulations for old.

PMID- 6366833
TI  - 40 years of development in radioisotope non-imaging techniques.

PMID- 6366834
TI  - Low-load prolonged stretch vs. high-load brief stretch in treating knee
      contractures.
AB  - This study was designed to compare the results of a traditional method of
      stretching knee flexion contractures by high-load brief stretch (HLBS) with the
      results of an experimental method of prolonged knee extension by skin traction,
      low-load prolonged stretch (LLPS). End range of passive knee extension was
      measured by standard goniometry. Subjects were 11 nonambulatory residents of a
      nursing home who had demonstrated gradually progressive bilateral knee
      contractures. Each subject served as his or her own control with one lower limb
      receiving LLPS and the other limb receiving HLBS and passive range of motion
      (PROM). Sequential medical trials were used as the clinical research design.
      Whether comparing the LLPS limb PROM measurements pretreatment and posttreatment
      (p less than or equal to .05) or the HLBS to the LLPS limb PROM recordings
      posttreatment (p less than or equal to .05), the results demonstrated a
      preference for LLPS in the treatment of knee contractures in the immobile nursing
      home resident.

PMID- 6366835
TI  - Physiological effects of exercise in the diabetic.
AB  - Physical therapists frequently assess and treat patients with diabetes mellitus.
      Because exercise is often a component of the prescribed program, the physical
      therapist should have some understanding of the possible responses a diabetic may
      have to exercise. Diabetics can benefit from exercise and training, but exercise
      can have deleterious effects in some instances. This paper provides a review of
      the literature on the physiological effects of exercise and training in the
      diabetic. Effects of exercise and training on the cardiovascular and muscular
      systems are reviewed, and the role of insulin in regulating the production,
      mobilization, and utilization of energy substrates during exercise is examined.
      Additionally, this paper provides suggestions on the clinical relevance of the
      physiological findings in planning exercise programs and education for the
      diabetic patient.

PMID- 6366836
TI  - Perceived exertion. A review.
AB  - Physical therapists are well aware of the physiological responses to exercise.
      The process by which these underlying mechanisms contribute to the perceptual
      response of perceived exertion is generally less familiar. The purpose of this
      article is to summarize briefly some of the current major concepts about
      perceived exertion and to indicate, where possible, the potential significance of
      these concepts for physical therapy.

PMID- 6366837
TI  - Mechanisms of photosensitization.

PMID- 6366839
TI  - [25 years have passed].

PMID- 6366838
TI  - Demonstration of two molecular forms of dipeptidyl peptidase IV in normal human
      serum.
AB  - The heterogeneity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5) was investigated in
      normal human serum. Thin-layer analytical isoelectric focusing revealed the
      presence of multiple molecular forms of the enzyme, their isoelectric points
      being in the pH range of 3.30-4.25. The maximum of enzyme activity appeared
      around pH 3.50. After treatment with neuraminidase the pI shifted to 4.70-5.40
      with two maxima at pH 5.00 and 5.15. The Triton X-100 solubilized as well as the
      papain-treated-Triton X-100 solubilized enzyme from the whole human adult jejunal
      biopsy were also found to be heterogeneous. They focused--both before and after
      neuraminidase treatment--at pH values different from those of the enzyme of
      normal human serum. There was almost no pI shift after neuraminidase treatment of
      the intestinal enzyme from adult enterobiopsy. Electrophoresis in continuous
      polyacrylamide gradient gels as well as gel chromatography on Bio-Gel A-1.5m
      revealed two molecular forms of dipeptidyl peptidase IV in normal human serum.
      The estimated relative molecular mass of the major enzyme form was 250 000 in
      both the separation techniques used. On the other hand, the apparent relative
      molecular mass of the minor enzyme form was 450 000 as assessed by gradient gel
      electrophoresis, and 550 000, when estimated by gel chromatography. The Km values
      for glycyl-L-proline-4-nitroanilide as substrate with the major and minor forms
      of the serum enzyme were 1.60 +/- 0.39 X 10(-4) mol/l and 1.60 +/- 0.13 X 10(-4)
      mol/l, respectively. Our results indicate that the dipeptidyl peptidase IV in
      normal human serum is a heterogeneous enzyme as far as its charge and molecular
      size are concerned.

PMID- 6366840
TI  - A biomechanical comparison of vascularized and conventional autogenous bone
      grafts.
AB  - Vascularized and conventional autogenous rib grafts were used to reconstruct 6-cm
      ulnar defects in the forelegs of the nine dogs. Each dog served as its own
      control. Biomechanical torsional testing of the grafted ulnas showed that
      vascularized grafts were 234 percent stronger than the conventional grafts. Bone
      toughness (energy absorbed) was 483 percent greater in the vascularized grafts,
      and elastic modulus and proportional limits were 263 and 246 percent greater,
      respectively. We conclude that vascularized bone grafts are significantly
      stronger than conventional autogenous bone grafts after 3 months of healing in
      the dog ulna model.

PMID- 6366843
TI  - Intracuticular versus subcuticular.

PMID- 6366842
TI  - Thinking before incising.

PMID- 6366841
TI  - Computed tomography: new horizons for the plastic surgeon.

PMID- 6366844
TI  - [Value of MS associated factors for test procedures in multiple sclerosis: 2.
      Angers' MS-induced substance in the LAI test].
AB  - Attempts to find test systems specific for multiple sclerosis are directed to the
      investigation of MS-associated factors in serum. Basing on the methods of the
      adherence of antigen-reactive leukocytes, the MSRM (MS-related material) a
      substance conditioned by the disease was derived from blood of MS-patients and
      applied in the leukocyte adherence-inhibition (LAI)-test. The mean values in the
      LAI-test showed a significant difference between MS, the other neurological
      diseases (OND) and the normals. For the limiting value mean NK +/- 2 s a positive
      LAI-effect resulted in 58% of the intermittent and in 43% of the chronic
      progredient cases of MS, yet also in 11% of the OND. The fact that the rate of
      detection is lower than that reported by Angers, could depend on factors caused
      by the method used or by anomalies of immune regulation in MS (including the so
      called blocking factors in serum). The results received with LAI-test applying
      the MSRM don't allow any definite diagnostical assessment specific for MS.

PMID- 6366845
TI  - [Classification and definition of the schizophrenic defect].

PMID- 6366846
TI  - [Polish psychiatric literature 1982].

PMID- 6366847
TI  - [Gisela Pankow: a different psychotherapy for psychosis].

PMID- 6366848
TI  - Language in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type.

PMID- 6366849
TI  - Antabuse psychosis.

PMID- 6366850
TI  - Psychophysiological effects of two different relaxation procedures: progressive
      relaxation and subliminal relaxation.

PMID- 6366851
TI  - Discussing psychological test results with patients.

PMID- 6366852
TI  - Legal and psychiatric approaches to marriage breakdown or divorce.

PMID- 6366853
TI  - The insanity defense--should it be revised?

PMID- 6366855
TI  - Psychiatric effects of the civil war in Lebanon.

PMID- 6366854
TI  - Pregnancy in teenagers--a comparative study.

PMID- 6366856
TI  - Hysterectomy and sexual counselling.

PMID- 6366857
TI  - Dexter Bullard, Sr., and Chestnut Lodge.

PMID- 6366858
TI  - Chestnut Lodge Symposium in memory of Dexter Means Bullard, Sr., 1898-1981.

PMID- 6366859
TI  - A medieval example of psychotherapy.

PMID- 6366861
TI  - Reverse-correlation methods in auditory research.

PMID- 6366860
TI  - The visual ERP predicts clinical response to methylphenidate in hyperactive
      children.

PMID- 6366862
TI  - [The Synthodont implantation system (I)].

PMID- 6366863
TI  - [Post-restorative endodontics and post-restorative crown construction (II)].

PMID- 6366864
TI  - [Problems in the prosthetic care of patients with cleft lip, palate and jaw (I)].

PMID- 6366865
TI  - [The Dorpinghaus and Eickermann DE-system - a sanitary retention system for
      pressure-point-free complete dentures].

PMID- 6366866
TI  - [The Synthodont implantation system (II)].

PMID- 6366867
TI  - [Problems in the prosthetic care of patients with cleft lip, palate and jaw
      (II)].

PMID- 6366868
TI  - [Oral rehabilitation with the partial denture (I)].

PMID- 6366869
TI  - [Cooperation of the dental assistant in prosthetic measures - possibilities and
      limits of delegation (I)].

PMID- 6366870
TI  - [Use of functional diagnostics and therapy in the treatment of the edentulous jaw
      with subperiosteal implants (III)].

PMID- 6366871
TI  - [Screw-type root canal post systems - accuracy and strength of root canal walls].

PMID- 6366872
TI  - [New method for stabilizing complete dentures].

PMID- 6366873
TI  - [Use and technics of composite-etched bridges in children's dentition (I)].

PMID- 6366874
TI  - [Clinical case demonstration as an example of the prognostic treatment phase in
      progressive marginal periodontitis].

PMID- 6366875
TI  - [Interpretation of radiographs].

PMID- 6366876
TI  - [Manipulation of gold, ceramic and amalgam with Composhape diamond burs and
      Proxoshape interdental files].

PMID- 6366877
TI  - [Post-restorative endodontics and post-restorative crown construction (I)].

PMID- 6366878
TI  - [New aspects of dental prosthetics].

PMID- 6366879
TI  - [Use and technics of composite-etched bridges in children's dentition (II)].

PMID- 6366880
TI  - [Reasonably priced customized attachments and ready-made sliding clasps].

PMID- 6366881
TI  - [W.D. Miller - a pioneer of scientific dentistry].

PMID- 6366882
TI  - [Coverdentures (overdentures)].

PMID- 6366883
TI  - [Work list for the dental hygienist and assistant with little laboratory
      experience].

PMID- 6366884
TI  - [Disinfection of impressions in dental practice].

PMID- 6366885
TI  - [Preparation of complete dentures (I)].

PMID- 6366886
TI  - [Different methods for metalloceramic veneers of adjacent prosthetic parts (IV)].

PMID- 6366887
TI  - [Improvement of ready-made anchors by customized milling].

PMID- 6366888
TI  - [Significance of transparent-colored emulsions in metalloceramics].

PMID- 6366889
TI  - [The question of reciprocal force in the use of expansion screws in orthodontic
      appliance technics].

PMID- 6366890
TI  - [Considerations and suggestions on casting nonprecious metal alloys].

PMID- 6366891
TI  - [Preparation of complete dentures (II)].

PMID- 6366892
TI  - [Different methods for metalloceramic veneers of adjacent prosthetic parts (V)].

PMID- 6366893
TI  - [Preparation of anterior bridge with pin ledge anchors (I)].

PMID- 6366894
TI  - [Precision model preparation using the Pinmatik system (I)].

PMID- 6366895
TI  - [The Dorpinghaus and Eikermann DE system].

PMID- 6366896
TI  - [Different methods for metalloceramic veneers of adjacent prosthetic parts (I)].

PMID- 6366897
TI  - [Casting method and working of gold castings].

PMID- 6366899
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopy study of a dental technical milling tools].

PMID- 6366898
TI  - [An economical alloy DEVA 4].

PMID- 6366900
TI  - [Different methods for metalloceramic veneers of adjacent prosthetic parts (II)].

PMID- 6366901
TI  - [Insertion of the Vario-anchor in the pontic as a framework and stud attachment].

PMID- 6366902
TI  - [Color changes in porcelain veneers].

PMID- 6366903
TI  - [Universal fixed transfer device for milling].

PMID- 6366904
TI  - [Different methods for metalloceramic veneers of adjacent prosthetic parts
      (III)].

PMID- 6366905
TI  - [Replication of prepared teeth].

PMID- 6366906
TI  - [The first Cerestore crowns in Switzerland].

PMID- 6366907
TI  - [Time-saving work methods using cyanoacrylates in the dental laboratory].

PMID- 6366909
TI  - The physiological basis and application of renal radionuclide studies.

PMID- 6366908
TI  - Radioprotective effect of MPG on mouse liver irradiated in utero with gamma
      radiation.

PMID- 6366910
TI  - Real-time digitally subtracted fluoroscopy for cervical myelography.
AB  - Improved visualization of the initial bolus of contrast material injected via a
      lateral Cl-2 puncture for cervical myelography can be obtained by using real-time
      digital subtraction fluoroscopy. As little as 0.1 ml of metrizamide (250 mg%) can
      be demonstrated easily.

PMID- 6366911
TI  - Chymopapain disk-injection therapy. Modified lumbar approach.
AB  - A simplified, safe approach to the lumbar disk for chymopapain disk-injection
      therapy is described. The technique used is dependent on the disk which is to be
      penetrated. Needle deflection caused by the annulus fibrosus is avoided.

PMID- 6366912
TI  - The measurement of platelet-bound immunoglobulins: an overview of the methods and
      the biological relevance of platelet-associated IgG.

PMID- 6366913
TI  - Inherited platelet disorders.

PMID- 6366914
TI  - Polymorphism and molecular pathology of the human beta-globin gene.

PMID- 6366915
TI  - Heme metabolism in erythroid and hepatic cells.

PMID- 6366916
TI  - The natural history of poliomyelitis in Israel, 1949-1982.

PMID- 6366917
TI  - Stimulation of ovine myometrial activity by 6-keto prostaglandin E1.
AB  - 6-keto prostaglandin E1 (6KE) is a metabolite of PGI2, which we have shown
      previously inhibits spontaneous myometrial activity. In the present study we
      examined the effects of 6KE on uterine electrical and mechanical activity in non
      pregnant ovariectomized sheep. 6KE stimulated uterine activity in a dose
      dependent fashion. The effect was enhanced by pre-treatment with estradiol (E2).
      It was not influenced by pre-treatment with meclofenamic acid and was not
      associated with significant changes in the concentrations of 13,14 dihydro 15
      keto PGF2 alpha in vena cava plasma. After E2 treatment, 6KE had 0.2-0.3 of the
      stimulatory activity of PGF2 alpha. In the absence of E2, the uterine response to
      both 6KE and PGF2 alpha was decreased. In animals in which spontaneous myometrial
      activity was inhibited by PGI2, the uterus remained responsive to 6KE. We
      conclude that in the ovariectomized non-pregnant sheep 6KE stimulates uterine
      activity, and that the effect is independent of endogenous PG production.

PMID- 6366918
TI  - Reversal of indomethacin-induced decreases in renal function by an isosterically
      modified prostaglandin analog.
AB  - A recently discovered isosterically-modified prostaglandin analog, 4-(3-[3-[2-(1
      hydroxycyclohexyl)ethyl]-4-oxo-2-thiazolidinyl ] propyl) benzoic acid, was
      studied in conscious Na-deficient dogs to determine if this compound could
      reverse the deleterious renal effects induced by inhibition of renal
      cyclooxygenase. Indomethacin (2 mg/kg i.v.) reduced renal function significantly
      in all dogs studied: GFR decreased from 38 +/- 3 to 26 +/- 1 ml/min (P less than
      0.01) and ERPF from 124 +/- 15 to 79 +/- 8 ml/min (P less than 0.01). On separate
      occasions, the six dogs used in this study were treated with a saline placebo
      intravenously or with the PG analog (0.1 mg/kg i.v.) 60 min after receiving
      indomethacin. After placebo treatments renal function remained suppressed for the
      duration of observation (2 hours). After treatment with PG analog, GFR was
      restored to pre-indomethacin levels within 1 hour (36 +/- 3 ml/min) and remained
      at this level or higher for the duration of the experiment. ERPF was restored to
      pre-indomethacin levels within 30 min of PG analog injection (140 +/- 7 ml/min)
      and subsequently rose ml/min) for the duration of the experiment. Urinary
      electrolyte excretion was suppressed by indomethacin and despite the large
      increase in ERPF, Na excretion was not augmented by PG analog. This study
      demonstrates that a synthetic, isosterically-modified prostaglandin analog can
      effectively reverse the hemodynamic effects of non-steroidal antiinflammatory
      drug treatment on renal function while not affecting renal Na excretion.

PMID- 6366919
TI  - [75th anniversary of the birth of Jozef Towpik].

PMID- 6366920
TI  - [Selective phototherapy (SUP) and cygnoline in the treatment of psoriasis].

PMID- 6366921
TI  - [Beloderm and diprogent in external treatment of selected skin diseases].

PMID- 6366922
TI  - [Dermatological analysis of herbal raw products for cosmetics recommended in the
      herbal of Falimirz in 1534].

PMID- 6366923
TI  - [Peruvian balsam - its use, allergy and cross reactions].

PMID- 6366924
TI  - [Effect of serum from patients with psoriasis on in vivo mobilization of
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes].

PMID- 6366925
TI  - [Evaluation of the therapeutic effect of DNBC-induced contact dermatitis in
      alopecia areata].

PMID- 6366926
TI  - [Levamisole and its use in dermatologic therapy].

PMID- 6366927
TI  - [History of the question of lay analysis].

PMID- 6366928
TI  - [Effect of Narcan on alcoholic intoxication].

PMID- 6366929
TI  - [Effect of the treatment of cervical incompetence in pregnant women by circular
      suture].

PMID- 6366930
TI  - [Nephrotoxic effect of antineoplastic drugs].

PMID- 6366931
TI  - [Histoplasmosis in Panama. Historical review and update].

PMID- 6366932
TI  - Pharmacology of excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle.

PMID- 6366933
TI  - Drug related problems in the blood bank.

PMID- 6366934
TI  - Depopulation of lymphocyte migration sites in the lymph node by irradiation and
      colloidal carbon.
AB  - The purpose of the present investigation was to examine, in the light of recent
      histological findings, whether irradiation and colloidal carbon can have a
      lymphocyte depopulating effect on preferentially particular structures of the rat
      lymph nodes. Normal eight-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats received a 500 R whole
      body irradiation or a subcutaneous injection of 0.02 ml of India ink. The animals
      were then sacrificed at various time-intervals. The histological analysis of the
      irradiated and draining nodes revealed that both treatments almost completely
      eliminated small lymphocytes from the affected nodal structures, except in the
      center of the deep cortex units. The affected structures had been predominantly
      populated by recirculating lymphocytes.Thus, the treatment had a rather
      preferential depleting effect on a node population of recirculating lymphocytes.
      This finding provides another possible explanation for the carbon-induced
      augmentation of a GVH reaction in nodes. This augmentation had previously been
      attributed to a stimulation by the carbon of host macrophages, which would
      mediate the proliferation of antigen-reactive donor cells. From our present
      findings, it appears that carbon, like irradiation, could act by depleting a node
      of recirculating lymphocytes, thereby weakening its immunological potential
      against the inoculated lymphocytes.

PMID- 6366935
TI  - [Biological fetalization in oncogenesis].

PMID- 6366936
TI  - [Clinical aspects of multiple myeloma].

PMID- 6366937
TI  - [Multiple cerebral abscesses caused by Nocardia asteroides].

PMID- 6366938
TI  - [Cutaneous bullous tophaceous gout].

PMID- 6366940
TI  - Breastfeeding in the industrialized world. Review of the literature.
AB  - Since the Industrial Revolution there has been an almost continuous decline in
      breastfeeding in North-America and western Europe. But the last years numerous
      studies report that breastfeeding is regaining popularity. The social forces
      responsible for this are a back-to-nature movement, ecological concerns,
      breastfeeding support groups and a renewed interest by scientists, the health
      profession and national and international organizations. Many determinants of
      child feeding behaviour have been analyzed extensively: ethnic and cultural
      background, socioeconomic and employment status, maternal (age, parity, marital
      status) and child (sex, birthweight) characteristics, maternal knowledge and
      attitudes, health care management. Still the relative influence of these factors
      can only be estimated, partly because of a lack of an accurate methodology. The
      reasons mentioned with regard to weaning often indicate a lack of confidence
      intensified by deficiencies in information and support systems. The negative
      influence of the infant food industry on breastfeeding behaviour cannot be
      disregarded. Clearly the promotion of breastfeeding in our society is a policy
      matter, requiring positive action in the field of health education; legislation,
      research and the reorganization of health services.

PMID- 6366939
TI  - [Interrelation between the metabolism of alcohol and that of uric acid].

PMID- 6366941
TI  - Report of Rcn Association of Nursing Education's annual conference in London. A
      climate for learning.

PMID- 6366942
TI  - Elderly patients are denied dialysis.

PMID- 6366943
TI  - [List of members of the Spanish Society of Digestive Pathology].

PMID- 6366944
TI  - [Long-term results of a trial of short-term chemotherapy. French study 6.9.12].
AB  - The relapse rate after short course chemotherapy is usually assessed by cases
      that are available for analysis, with a delay which rarely exceeds 3 years from
      the time of instituting therapy. This level may be disputed if too many are lost
      to follow up or non-compliers appearing late. To understand the true failure rate
      we strove to trace every patient in a trial carried out between 1969 and 1973,
      consisting of three groups of patients treated with the same chemotherapy:
      Isoniazid (450 mg/day), Rifampicin (600 mg/day) given every day but for differing
      durations: 6 months (Group A), 9 months (Group B), 12 months (Group C), with
      either daily Ethambutol or Streptomycin in addition for the first three months.
      Amongst the 356 patients in the trial 86 were eliminated for failure to comply
      with the protocol, either due to a mishap or change of treatment. Amongst the 270
      remaining patients, 248 were traced with a mean delay of post-therapy follow up
      of 101 months for patients still living and of 72 months for patients who had
      died in the intervening period, but of non-tuberculous disease. In the 242 old
      patients whose disease could be evaluated, the number of bacteriological relapses
      was 4/81 (6.2 %) in group A, and 2/85 (2.3 %) in group B and 2/76 (2.6 %) in
      group C. There was no significant differences between the groups. From these
      results it is seen that the Isoniazid/Rifampicin combination given daily for 6
      months is a powerful combination with few failures. Maintaining such chemotherapy
      for 12 months does not seem to yield substantial gains. In conclusion nine months
      of chemotherapy with this regime offers a sufficiently ample guarantee of cure.

PMID- 6366945
TI  - [Short-term chemotherapy of tuberculosis. Cooperative French trial].
AB  - A cooperative french trial in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis has
      compared the efficacy and the tolerance of daily antituberculous regimes, one of
      short duration of 18 weeks (HRSZ/HRZ), the other of standard duration of 9 months
      (HRE). Of 204 patients included in the trial 180 were analysed. No significant
      difference was found between the two regimes regarding either biological
      tolerance or clinical outcome. Four relapses were seen within 24 months of the
      onset of treatment, two in each regime, which shows that 18 weeks treatment is
      ethically acceptable. Such short course therapy is useful in those patients who
      would sometimes find prolonged therapy difficult or would be likely to abandon
      treatment prematurely.

PMID- 6366946
TI  - [Respiratory physiotherapy and respiratory mechanics of chronic respiratory
      insufficiency].
AB  - The effect of short, medium and long term physiotherapy remain controversial. The
      theoretical objectives of the method are to reduce dyspnoea and respiratory
      disability while improving exercise performance and expectation of life. As
      regards respiratory mechanics, the goals are to reduce bronchial obstruction and
      the mechanical properties of the chest wall. A rise in expiratory flow might
      result in an increased drainage of secretions, a reduction in transmural
      bronchial pressure and a raised level of ventilation at end-tidal volume. The
      correction of parietal distortions by physiotherapy has as an objective a
      diminution of thoracic elastance. Muscular training, a new aspect of respiratory
      physiotherapy, consists of increased both the endurance and the force of
      contraction of the respiratory muscles. The beneficial effects of these recent
      methods require confirmation with long term clinical studies. The correct
      indications for the diverse techniques proposed require a better understanding of
      the mechanism of action of respiratory physiotherapy, an essential complement to
      effective treatment of chronic airflow obstruction.

PMID- 6366947
TI  - Hypothetical breast cancer risk from mammography.
AB  - The existence of low-dose risk has neither been proven nor disproven. If there is
      a risk from the low doses used in current mammographic techniques, it is
      immeasurably small, especially when compared to the overwhelmingly large
      incidence of naturally occurring breast cancers, many of which could be detected
      by mammography at an early curable stage. The risk, if it does exist, would be
      lowest among women exposed over 30 years of age, a fortunate circumstance since
      this group would benefit most from mammography.

PMID- 6366948
TI  - Five-year experience with single-view mammography randomized controlled screening
      in Sweden.

PMID- 6366949
TI  - Benefits and risks of mammography.

PMID- 6366950
TI  - Breast cancer screening in Malmo.

PMID- 6366951
TI  - Experience from randomized controlled breast screening with mammography in
      Ostergotland county, Sweden: a preliminary report.

PMID- 6366952
TI  - Breast conserving treatment in breast cancer: clinical and psychological aspects.

PMID- 6366953
TI  - Screening for breast cancer in Europe: achievements, problems, and future.
AB  - Several breast cancer screening programmes are being carried out in Europe.
      Clinical examination in combination with mammography is the screening method used
      in Guildford and Edinburgh (United Kingdom) as well as in Utrecht (Netherlands).
      Mammography is the only screening modality in the Swedish programmes of Falun
      (Kopparberg County), Linkoping (Ostergotland county), and Malmo and in Nijmegen
      (Netherlands). Clinical examination is the initial screening method in Turku
      (Finland). The Swedish programmes are population-based, controlled, and
      randomised. They are designed to assess the impact of screening on the mortality
      of breast carcinoma. Comparing the results of all the European screening
      programmes is expected to give some answers to the hitherto unanswered questions
      concerning the screening method and ideal interval in different age groups. The
      results achieved so far indicate that although mammography is a sensitive method
      for the detection of early breast cancer, clinical examination and an aggressive
      biopsy policy may be necessary to reduce mortality from breast cancer in certain
      age groups. It is also evident that there is no universally applicable ideal
      screening method or rescreening interval for all age groups.

PMID- 6366954
TI  - Indomethacin inhibits renal functional adaptation to nephron loss.
AB  - Immediately after unilateral nephrectomy, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
      and urinary excretion rate increase in the remaining transplanted rat kidney. In
      a previous study, we found that GFR in a transplanted kidney was reduced through
      an activation of the tubuloglomerular feedback control. Excision of the rat's own
      remnant kidney then reduced feedback sensitivity and thereby allowed GFR to rise.
      The present study aimed at investigating whether prostaglandins are involved in
      this functional adaptation. Clearance and micropuncture experiments were
      performed before and after administration of indomethacin and after subsequent
      unilateral nephrectomy. GFR and the urinary excretion rate of electrolytes and
      water were measured. From proximal tubular stop-flow pressure (PSF) measurements
      the feedback characteristics were determined as the maximal stop-flow pressure
      response (delta PSF) to an increase in distal flow and the turning point (TP),
      i.e. the end proximal flow rate that caused 50% reduction of delta PSF. The
      results showed that following nephrectomy the tubuloglomerular feedback
      sensitivity was decreased, with an increased TP and reduced delta PSF.
      Pretreatment with indomethacin (2 mg/kg BW) prevented not only the change in
      feedback sensitivity at nephrectomy but also the rise in GFR. These results
      suggest that the prostaglandins play a possible role as one link in the chain of
      adaptive events occurring immediately after nephron loss.

PMID- 6366955
TI  - [The normal glomerulus in live donors for renal transplants. A study with light
      microscopy, electron microscopy and immunofluorescence].

PMID- 6366956
TI  - [Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion syndrome: recent controversial
      data].

PMID- 6366957
TI  - [Treatment of functional colopathies: double-blind trial with perenterol].

PMID- 6366958
TI  - [Therapeutic errors. The atropine syndrome (Appien-Plutarque syndrome)].

PMID- 6366959
TI  - [Problems in genetics. The H-Y antigen: its role in sexual differentiation].

PMID- 6366961
TI  - [Accuracy of microscope diagnosis in the detection of vaginal mycoses, measured
      by the detection of fungi in culture].

PMID- 6366962
TI  - [Clinical applications of vascularized free flaps].

PMID- 6366960
TI  - Ataxia-telangiectasia. A case and review of the literature.

PMID- 6366963
TI  - [Hemosorption in the complex treatment of rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 6366964
TI  - [Preventive measures against invalidism in rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 6366965
TI  - [Difficulties in the differential diagnosis of the joint syndrome in rheumatic
      diseases].

PMID- 6366966
TI  - [The joint syndrome: errors in clinical diagnosis].

PMID- 6366967
TI  - [Radionuclide renography in the diagnosis of kidney diseases in rheumatoid
      arthritis].

PMID- 6366968
TI  - [Clinical signs of rheumatoid arthritis in the elderly].

PMID- 6366969
TI  - [Surgical treatment of rheumatic tricuspid valve diseases].

PMID- 6366970
TI  - [Variants in the course of Wegener's granulomatosis].

PMID- 6366971
TI  - [Characteristics of phenotypic polymorphism in osteochondrosis of the spine].

PMID- 6366972
TI  - [Functional and physicochemical properties of the lymphocytes in osteoarthrosis
      deformans].

PMID- 6366974
TI  - [Humeroscapular periarthritis: etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture and
      treatment].

PMID- 6366973
TI  - [Effect of polyoxyethylene sorbitol trioleate on the immunoadherent activity of T
      lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 6366975
TI  - [Basic immunologic indices and their significance in the diagnosis of rheumatic
      diseases. II. Analysis of immunologic indices in individual rheumatic diseases].

PMID- 6366976
TI  - [Surgical rehabilitation of children with rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 6366977
TI  - [Differential diagnosis in the joint syndrome].

PMID- 6366978
TI  - [Hematogenous osteomyelitis mimicking rheumatic diseases].

PMID- 6366979
TI  - [Principal results of scientific studies in rheumatology during 1982].

PMID- 6366980
TI  - [What can be expected of vaccination in periodontics in 1982].

PMID- 6366982
TI  - [Dentino-pulp impact of coronal decortication].

PMID- 6366981
TI  - [Music therapy].

PMID- 6366983
TI  - [The cervical limit in fixed dentures].

PMID- 6366984
TI  - [Metal bracket crowns].

PMID- 6366985
TI  - [Treatment of suppurative pseudoarthrosis using the Papineau technic].

PMID- 6366986
TI  - [Irrigation of a Papineau graft: knowledge of the technic].

PMID- 6366987
TI  - A simple pressure dolorimeter for the quantification of joint tenderness in
      inflammatory arthritis.
AB  - A simple pressure dolorimeter for the detection and quantification of joint
      tenderness is described and evaluated. The pressure dolorimeter was more
      sensitive than a modified Ritchie Index in measuring degree of joint tenderness
      and as sensitive in detecting tender joints. The interobserver error of the
      pressure dolorimeter was low, and in a drug withdrawal study, the pressure
      dolorimeter was able to detect change in joint tenderness whereas the
      conventional Ritchie Index was not. These results suggest that the pressure
      dolorimeter is a simple, reliable and sensitive instrument for measuring joint
      tenderness in patients with inflammatory joint disease. It is also inexpensive
      and readily available.

PMID- 6366988
TI  - The effect of drugs on serum histidine levels in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Groups of 15 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis were treated for 24 weeks
      with zinc sulphate, trien, captopril, clozic in two doses or a combination of D
      penicillamine and hydroxychloroquine. Serum histidine levels were monitored along
      with measures of disease activity including C-reactive protein, plasma viscosity,
      articular index, grip strength and early morning stiffness. Zinc sulphate and
      trien were found to be ineffective while the other drugs all showed evidence of
      second-line action. Serum histidine was found to improve during successful
      therapy. The possible cause of low serum histidine and its response to therapy is
      discussed.

PMID- 6366989
TI  - The localization of fibronectin in rheumatoid arthritis synovium by light and
      electron microscopic immunohistochemistry.
AB  - The distribution of fibronectin in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium has been
      investigated by light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry using an
      antihuman fibronectin antibody. Heavy accumulation of fibronectin was observed in
      the lining layer and the areas of proliferation of fibroblasts. Rough endoplasmic
      reticulum (RER) and peripheral vesicles of proliferated type B lining cells and
      fibroblasts contained large amounts of fibronectin. Thus these cells seem to
      participate actively in the local synthesis and secretion of this glycoprotein.
      Type A lining cells and migrated mononuclear phagocytes contained many
      phagolysosomes in some of which dense accumulation of fibronectin was observed.
      Some of the materials in the phagolysosomes, with dense accumulation of
      fibronectin, resembled the fibrinous material-fibronectin complexes frequently
      seen in the pericellular spaces. Accordingly fibronectin seems to play a role in
      the clearance of fibrinous materials by these phagocytes. The proliferated
      capillaries and small vessels possessed multilamellated basement membranes with
      heavy accumulation of fibronectin. However, RER or Golgi apparatus of the
      endothelial cells contained no detectable amounts of fibronectin. This indicates
      that these cells do not actively participate in the synthesis of fibronectin and
      that the majority of this glycoprotein in the basement membranes originates in
      fibronectin from blood vessel exudate. Fibrinous material-fibronectin complexes
      were frequently seen on the endothelial cell surfaces. Circulating platelets and
      mononuclear cells occasionally came in contact with these complexes, suggesting
      an association of fibronectin with the formation and clearance of thrombi in the
      vascular lumina at the inflammatory sites of RA synovium.

PMID- 6366991
TI  - [Monoclonal antibodies from the hybridization of lymphocytes].

PMID- 6366990
TI  - The tissue architecture of synovial membranes in inflammatory and non
      inflammatory joint diseases. I. The localization of the major synovial cell
      populations as detected by monoclonal reagents directed towards Ia and monocyte
      macrophage antigens.
AB  - Utilizing monoclonal reagents directed towards antigens of the monocyte
      macrophage lineage and Ia antigens, the tissue architecture of synovial membranes
      obtained from patients with non-inflammatory joint diseases and patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis was studied. Emphasis was placed on the localization of the
      type I, type II and type III synoviocytes that previously had been defined by
      their cell surface phenotype with regard to the expression of monocyte-macrophage
      lineage (M theta) and Ia antigens as well as by their phagocytic capacity or the
      ability to produce glycosaminoglycans. In patients with non-inflammatory joint
      diseases, cells with the M theta + Ia+ (type I) phenotype constituted the
      majority of synoviocytes immediately adjacent to the joint cavity; cells with
      this phenotype were also scattered in the subsynovial tissue and in the
      perivascular regions. The fibroblastoid type III cells defined by the absence of
      both M theta and Ia antigens formed the major cell population in the subsynovial
      tissue in this patient group. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the Ia+ M
      theta + cells were present in a characteristic double configuration forming an
      intensely positive layer adjacent to the intra-articular space followed by an Ia-
      M theta - layer that again was succeeded by an intensely Ia+ M theta + layer.
      Large numbers of synoviocytes bearing M theta + Ia+ antigens were also
      demonstrated in the diffusely inflamed subsynovial tissue, in the perivascular
      regions as well as around and within lymphoid infiltrates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6366992
TI  - [Tubular proteinuria].

PMID- 6366993
TI  - Origin, limits and future of science.

PMID- 6366994
TI  - Strategy and technique in embryological research.

PMID- 6366995
TI  - On the origin of the body pattern in vertebrate embryogenesis.

PMID- 6366996
TI  - The preribosome theory on mitosis and differentiation.

PMID- 6366997
TI  - [Beta 2 microglobulin and CEA in the blood and homogenate: comparison in
      neoplastic and non-neoplastic pulmonary pathology].

PMID- 6366998
TI  - An RN career guide. A new directory of BSN Programs.

PMID- 6366999
TI  - Experimental drugs: where do you stand legally?

PMID- 6367000
TI  - [Possibilities of conventional intravenous subtraction angiography].
AB  - Basing on the experiences collected with 127 patients, the pros and cons as well
      as the indications for intravenous angiography with conventional photographic
      subtraction technique (ISA) are discussed in comparison with rival procedures.
      ISA can be performed in every angiography unit without any additional investment,
      and its possibilities of use are identical with those of the DSA. As a matter of
      fact, it is a simple and safe method for visualising the renal arteries in the
      course of intravenous urography in the diagnostic evaluation of hypertension. For
      the first time, it has become possible to perform transvenous determination of
      the complete status of the arteries of the pelvis and legs, using a new technical
      system (simultaneous use of two film changers in the frontal plane--ISA
      aortoarteriography.

PMID- 6367001
TI  - [The development of slit pictures].
AB  - The development of the slit-pictures, which goes back to the oldest times of
      radiology, is going to be discussed. Todays methods are reviewed. In the
      beginning only used for the elimination of the secondary radiation and for the
      orthograde pictures, the author has proposed many years ago to use the slit
      pictures-technic and represented by model-experiments for change the X-ray
      perspective, which by shifting the both slit-diaphragmas, the X-ray-tube, the
      patient and the film different pictures effects are gained. So the direction of
      radiation changes during the exposition. In the next time some of these methods
      were practised, e.g. the "Panoramaaufnahme" of the skull and the jaws, the total
      picture of the vertebral columne, the arteriography of the limbs and so on. As a
      new technic are the "Einblicksaufnahme" of the vertebral canal and the picture of
      the Os ethmoidale, which is unfolded like the pages of a open book, also the
      picture of a conio-section of an object. The mathematical analysis of the slit
      pictures by Vuoria (Vuorinen) is discussed, further the examination of quality
      and the radiation load. Finally application of digital technics on slit-pictures
      is proposed and this combination is discussed.

PMID- 6367002
TI  - [Roentgen diagnosis of the veins in the upper half of the body using the digital
      subtraction technic - digital subtraction phlebography].
AB  - Digital subtraction phlebography (DSP) is suitable for x-ray examinations of the
      shoulder veins and the veins of the upper mediastinum. Acute thromboses, post
      thrombotic syndromes, malformations and collateral systems can be demonstrated.
      The main advantages of DSP over conventional phlebography are the possibility of
      using contrast medium solutions of low osmolarity enabling pain-free examinations
      not involving the risk of thromboses, the saving in the amount of contrast
      medium, and the reduction of examination time.

PMID- 6367003
TI  - [Principles and clinical applications of digital angiography].

PMID- 6367004
TI  - [Isolation of Cryptococcus and C. neoformans in bird feces].

PMID- 6367005
TI  - [The National School of Health. Past, present and future problems].

PMID- 6367006
TI  - [Perspectives on drug authorization in Spain].

PMID- 6367007
TI  - [The FTA-ABS and MHA-TP treponemal tests in the serological diagnosis of
      syphilis].

PMID- 6367008
TI  - [Romberg's syndrome. Progressive facial hemiatrophy].
AB  - Romberg's syndrome or progressive facial hemiatrophy is a rare affection that may
      nevertheless be encountered by stomatologists during the course of their
      professional life. Diagnosis is simple if clinical and radiographic signs are
      recognized, an effective iconography being of particular value. This report is
      concerned mainly with the latter feature, and also includes a description of the
      principal characteristics of the affection and an extensive bibliography.

PMID- 6367009
TI  - [Necrotizing sialometaplasia. A rare diagnostic pitfall].
AB  - Concerning an observation of necrotizing sialometaplasia the authors make a
      literary survey, paying particular attention to the clinical and
      anatomopathological descriptions of the lesion. They insist on its deceptive
      aspect which led in some cases to important quite useless exeresis, since the
      lesion heals spontaneously. At last the different etiopathogenical hypothesis are
      reported.

PMID- 6367010
TI  - Native and degraded fibronectin: new immunological methods for distinction.
AB  - Two methods for quantitative determination of the high molecular weight
      glycoprotein, fibronectin, have been developed. Both methods are based on enzyme
      linked immunoadsorbent (ELISA) techniques. In the first of the methods an
      antibody against fibronectin is used to trap the antigen. This double antibody
      technique can detect a slight decrease in the concentration of fibronectin stored
      for 5 days compared to the amount of fibronectin in the freshly purified
      preparation. In the second method, gelatin which is known to bind specifically to
      fibronectin, is used to catch fibronectin. By this method less than 1% of the
      fibronectin present in a freshly prepared preparation is measured after storage
      for 5 days. The results obtained with the two methods applied on a freshly
      prepared and a stored fibronectin are in agreement with sodium dodecylsulphate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting before and after
      gelatin-Sepharose adsorption. These techniques demonstrate that all the freshly
      prepared fibronectin adsorbs to gelatin-Sepharose, while stored fibronectin,
      which is broken down to numerous peptides, still reacts with the fibronectin
      antibody, but does not adsorb to gelatin-Sepharose. The two ELISA techniques were
      applied on amniotic fluid, cerebrospinal fluid and urine. The results indicated
      significant degradation of fibronectin in urine, and less degradation of
      fibronectin in amniotic and spinal fluid.

PMID- 6367011
TI  - The gastrointestinal mast cell.

PMID- 6367012
TI  - Arhus County Vagotomy Trial: gastric secretory alterations during the first year
      after selective gastric and parietal cell vagotomy.
AB  - Changes in gastric acid secretion during the 1st year after selective gastric
      (SGV) and parietal cell (PCV) vagotomy for duodenal ulcer disease were studied.
      Pentagastrin tests were performed preoperatively and 3 months and 1 year after
      surgery in 383 SGV and 302 PCV patients. Resting juice pH showed after both
      operations a trend towards the preoperative distribution from 3 months to 1 year.
      Basal acid output showed a similar pattern. The initial reduction in pentagastrin
      stimulated peak acid output (PAOpg) was most pronounced after SGV, but an
      increase occurred for both operations during the 1st postoperative year. An
      exception from this was the minority of patients who had a less than 20% initial
      reduction. They had a further decrease in their PAOpg. No sex difference and no
      influence of the duration of symptoms could be demonstrated. The patients with
      less than 20% initial reduction were younger than the other groups, and this
      applied for both SGV and PCV. The patterns of change in gastric acid secretion
      during the first year after vagotomy suggest that biologic factors are active, in
      addition to the effect of the surgical technique.

PMID- 6367013
TI  - Arhus County Vagotomy Trial: ulcer recurrence rate related to alterations in
      gastric acid secretion after selective gastric and parietal cell vagotomy.
AB  - Clinical and secretory data were analysed with respect to the recurrence rate for
      685 patients treated with either selective gastric vagotomy (SGV) or parietal
      cell vagotomy (PCV) for duodenal ulcer disease. The duration of ulcer history
      before surgery was of no importance for the recurrence risk. Men with recurrence
      after SGV were significantly younger than men without recurrence, but no
      difference was found for women with SGV or for men and women with PCV. The
      recurrence rate was not higher for hypersecretors (pentagastrin-stimulated peak
      acid output (PAOpg) greater than 45 mmol/h) than for patients with lower PAOpg.
      Resting, basal, and stimulated secretion 3 months after surgery were higher for
      the patients with recurrence than for the patients without, but only a few of the
      secretion values were significantly different. A higher recurrence rate was found
      for the patients with the lowest initial acid reduction, and this trend was more
      pronounced in the PCV group. With regard to the change in gastric secretion
      during the first year after vagotomy a significant rise was seen for the PCV
      patients who developed recurrence in spite of initial reduction of more than 60%.
      For all SGV patients and the PCV patients with an initial reduction on the
      average or less, the change in secretion capacity had no influence on the
      recurrence rate. The findings are in accordance with reports about anatomical
      limitations for a sufficient PCV in about 20% of the patients.

PMID- 6367015
TI  - Stapler transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices.

PMID- 6367014
TI  - Elevated serum levels of pancreatic polypeptide are related to impaired glucose
      handling in inflammatory states.
AB  - Glucose handling and insulin secretion were studied in patients with inflammatory
      connective tissue diseases and correlated to circulating levels of immunoreactive
      pancreatic polypeptide (PP). The patients had normal fasting serum levels of
      insulin and normal insulin response to intravenous glucose loading. Ten of 16
      patients had an impaired glucose tolerance, defined as a K rate of less than one.
      The basal PP levels, which were elevated in half of the patients, were inversely
      correlated to the K values but showed no relationship to basal or maximum insulin
      levels. The degree of the impaired glucose handling in the patients was related
      to the degree of the inflammatory activity as defined by acute-phase reactants.
      Elevated PP levels may be partly responsible for impaired glucose tolerance in
      inflammatory states either as an inhibitor of peripheral insulin activity or as
      an inhibitor of hypersecretion of insulin, needed to overcome decreased tissue
      sensitivity for insulin.

PMID- 6367016
TI  - The outer surface morphology of blood vessels as revealed in scanning electron
      microscopy in resin cast, non-corroded tissue specimens.
AB  - In Mercox-filled, non-corroded tissue the blood microvessels maintain the tubular
      shape they have in the intact circulation. Preparations treated in this manner
      are especially suited to reveal the fine structural features of the outer
      vascular wall and its relationship to the extravascular space in SEM. The outer
      wall morphology of small arteries, arterioles, true capillaries, and sinusoids is
      demonstrated in mesentery, skeletal muscle, pancreas, liver, and kidney of the
      rat. In fractured specimens of cast liver tissue the outer sinusoidal wall and
      the adjacent lacuna surface can be well visualized from the view of the space of
      Disse. In kidney, the glomerular filtration membrane becomes accessible from the
      sight of the urinary space. This technical approach may contribute to improve the
      knowledge of a special field of vascular wall research to which little attention
      has previously been paid.

PMID- 6367017
TI  - A preparative technique for morphological analysis of the vessels in head and
      neck for medico-legal examinations.
AB  - The fine-structural analysis of injuries and injury-related damages of the
      arteries in the head and neck region, such as vital endothelial injuries
      resulting from death by hanging, is of considerable importance in legal medicine,
      as it involves numerous forensic problems. The problems and difficulties of
      vessel preparation, including the occurrence of artefacts, have been widely
      discussed in medical journals, indicating the necessity for a special method of
      preparation to be developed. This method has to take individual differences of
      the autopsy material into consideration, including osmolarity changes caused by
      hypoxia, and autolysis. The method developed by us and described here meets these
      conditions. Optimization and standardization of the method was achieved by
      perfusion fixation of the vascular system in situ. The particular characteristics
      of the vessels involved made it necessary to open the skull. After removing the
      upper half of the brain and applying a partially permeable sealing to the skull
      base, we proceeded with the perfusion, using slightly hyperosmotic perfusion
      media (450-680 mOsm) via a hydrostatic system, and keeping pressure and flow
      rates low (max. 65 cm H2O). The perfusion technique we developed, and which is
      described in detail, has proven suitable for the preparation of other vessels as
      well, which is demonstrated on the venae cerebri superiores. The method of
      preparation was designed to provide conditions for a routine application of SEM,
      LM and TEM for forensic purposes.

PMID- 6367018
TI  - Reduced lung function in leukaemia patients undergoing bone marrow
      transplantation.
AB  - 20 patients with leukaemia in remission or early relapse received an allogeneic
      bone marrow graft. Patients were conditioned according to Seattle protocol with
      high dose cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation to a total dose of 8 Gray
      to the lungs delivered by a 6 MV linear accelerator at a dose rate of
      approximately 0.06 Gray/min. As prophylaxis against the graft versus host
      reaction, methotrexate and/or cyclosporin A were given. Lung function was studied
      prior to treatment and every 3 months thereafter. Before treatment a marked
      decrease was seen in the CO diffusion capacity when compared to the predicted
      value, while the flow volume relationships were within normal limits. The cause
      of this is unknown, but may be due to previous infections and the cytostatic
      treatment given. After bone marrow transplantation, a further irreversible
      decrease was seen in the CO diffusion capacity and vital capacity indicating an
      additive effect of the lung irradiation.

PMID- 6367019
TI  - Recovery of peripheral lymph cells from congenitally athymic nude rats.
AB  - Thoracic-duct cannulation of mesenteric lymphadenectomized (MLNx) congenitally
      athymic nude rats was studied as a method of obtaining peripheral lymph cells. A
      higher recovery of non-lymphoid cells (NLC) was obtained from nude than from
      euthmyic littermates. Both a higher percentage and a greater number of NLC were
      found in nude animals. Most of these cells resembled dendritic or veiled cells
      and were strongly positive for Ia antigens. This population could further be
      enriched by irradiation of the animal, but with a risk of cell damage.
      Splenectomy had no effect on early output of Ia+ NLC. A substantial population of
      lymphoid cells from MLNx nude rats expressed T-cell antigens defined by the
      monoclonal antibodies OX 19, OX 8 or W3/25. These cells were more radiosensitive
      than were mature T cells. In addition, a large population of cells in the
      peripheral lymph from nude rats did not display surface antigens recognized by
      monoclonal antibodies directed either against B cells or against T cells. This
      cell fraction increased after irradiation. These cells resembled small
      lymphocytes but had a more irregular nucleus and multiple large granules.

PMID- 6367020
TI  - The chemotactic activity of normal and complement-activated serum as measured by
      the leading-front method using a Boyden chamber.
AB  - The chemotactic activity in serum, defined as the attractant effect of serum on
      the migration of neutrophil granulocytes (PMN) has been investigated for the
      purpose of characterizing the major chemotactic factors in serum as measured by
      the leading-front technique, using a modified Boyden chamber. The chemotactic
      activity was measured in fresh and heated normal and activated serum and in serum
      fractions thereof separated by gel filtration. By gel filtration on Sephacryl S
      200 a partly heat-labile C3-C5-associated chemotactic factor with molecular
      weight between 70,000 and 150,000 was isolated from fresh normal serum. The heat
      labile chemotactic activity was destroyed by pronounced complement activation.
      Gel filtration of complement-activated serum on a Sephacryl S-200 column showed
      the existence of one C5-associated chemotactic factor with approximately 70,000
      molecular weight and one unidentified factor with approximately 150,000 molecular
      weight, whereas no low molecular weight chemotactic activity was demonstrated. On
      the other hand, gel filtration of activated serum on a Sephadex G-75 column
      demonstrated one C5-associated chemotactic factor of approximately 70,000
      molecular weight and one 10,000-50,000 molecular weight factor active only in the
      presence of 2% normal serum. This investigation suggests that the chemotactic
      activity in fresh normal serum is mediated by a partly heat-labile C3-C5
      associated complex. In activated serum three chemotactic factors were
      demonstrated, one unidentified factor with 150,000 mol wt and two C5-dependent
      factors with 70,000 and 10,000-50,000 mol wt, the latter probably corresponding
      to C5a desarg. Accordingly, this study also suggests that C5a is not the only
      chemotactic factor generated in serum.

PMID- 6367021
TI  - Plaque-forming cells in man. IV. Influence of acetylsalicylic acid in vivo and
      dexamethasone in vitro.
AB  - The influence of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and steroid (ST) on the number of
      plaque-forming cells (PFC) developed in pokeweed mitogen-activated cultures of
      peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was investigated. Cultures of 10(6) PBL were
      established from blood samples of 16 healthy volunteers before and after intake
      of 2 g of ASA, and parallel cultures were supplemented with ST in vitro. The
      immunoglobulin secretion was monitored with a protein A assay. Our results show
      that pharmacological doses of ASA in vivo decrease the number of PFC by 41%,
      whereas the distribution of the subpopulations was unaltered. In cultures of PBL
      obtained before the intake of ASA and supplemented with 10, 50 or 100
      micrograms/ml of dexamethasone the number of PFC was decreased by 50%, 41% and
      44%, respectively. In cultures of PBL obtained after the intake of ASA and
      supplemented with 10, 50 or 100 micrograms of ST, the number of PFC was further
      decreased by 22%, 32% and 38%. The effects of ASA in vivo and ST in vitro were
      additive. The ratio of IgM, IgG and IgA PFC was unaffected by ASA and ST. It is
      suggested that the modulation of the PFC response induced by ASA and ST is
      mediated by the prostaglandin system.

PMID- 6367022
TI  - Sera from multiparous women contain antibodies mediating cytotoxicity against
      breast carcinoma cells.
AB  - We have searched for immunological mechanisms contributing to the
      epidemiologically established phenomenon of lower incidence of breast carcinoma
      among multiparous women and women with pregnancy at early age. Sera collected
      from 55 clinically healthy multiparous women were tested for the ability to
      mediate cytotoxicity in an antibody-dependent cell-mediated (ADCC) assay with
      normal blood leucocytes against three different mammary carcinoma cell lines (MDA
      MB 157, MDA-MB 231, and MDA-MB 436). Sera from 12 women (22%) mediated
      significant cytolysis against all three cell lines. Three additional sera were
      positive against MDA-MB 231 and 10 more against MDA-MB 436 (total 42%). Cross
      adsorptions revealed that the ADCC-active sera contained antibodies that
      recognized the same antigen(s) on the different mammary carcinoma-derived cell
      lines. The sera from multiparous women contained no detectable ADCC-active
      antibodies against a colon carcinoma cell line (SW 1116) or a neuroblastoma cell
      line (SH-SY5Y). ADCC-active antibodies were found neither in sera from 35
      nulliparous women nor in sera from 20 men. The ADCC-active antibodies against
      mammary carcinoma cells could not be removed by adsorption with lymphoblastoid
      cells established from the respective husbands of the multiparous women. This
      observation and the fact that the mammary carcinoma cell lines were established
      from different patients argue against an impact of HLA-related antigens. The ADCC
      active antibodies reported here might result from autoimmunization against some
      proliferation/differentiation antigen(s) of breast epithelium which is (are)
      expressed during pregnancy and lactation.

PMID- 6367023
TI  - Human keratinocytes express HLA-DR antigens in the tuberculin reaction.
AB  - The cellular response in the human skin tuberculin reaction was studied with
      immunohistochemical double-staining techniques in frozen sections of skin
      biopsies taken 6 h to 8 days after intradermal PPD injections. Cell infiltrates
      were observed from day 2 onwards and increased in size up to 4 days. Most of the
      infiltrating cells reacted with anti-Leu 3a (T 'helper/inducer' phenotype)
      antibodies. In contrast to normal epidermis, not only Langerhans cells but also
      keratinocytes expressed HLA-DR antigens from day 4 onwards. The induction of HLA
      DR antigens on keratinocytes may be secondary to T-cell activation. Since the HLA
      DR expression on keratinocytes appeared late in the tuberculin reaction, the
      function may be to suppress rather than enhance the immune response.

PMID- 6367024
TI  - Clinical experience of indomethacin in pain from ureteral stone.

PMID- 6367025
TI  - Indomethacin in the treatment of patients with biliary pain. A controlled
      clinical study.

PMID- 6367026
TI  - [Antidepressive therapy with carbamazepine (Finlepsin)].
AB  - For evaluation of the possible effect of Carbamazepine (CBZ) in the treatment of
      endogenous affective disorders 15 patients with manic-depressive illness
      including 2 cases in the manic and 13 cases in the depressive phase were studied
      in an open controlled clinical trial. Blood-levels of CBZ were determined weekly.
      Clinical response was measured by using different psychopathometric methods
      (SPES, AMP, HAMD, B-S [v. Zerssen], Beck-Inventory). In the two cases with
      dominant manic syndrome we observed good regression of psychopathological
      symptomatology during the first week of the treatment. In the same way good
      therapeutic results were found in the group of depressive patients. In 11 cases
      we observed improvement already in the first days of the treatment. There did not
      exist a defined correlation between blood-levels of CBZ and clinical responses of
      the patients. Side-effects were rare and disappeared during the further treatment
      after some days.

PMID- 6367027
TI  - [Hematologic changes in patients under long-term hemodialysis and hemofiltration
      treatment with special reference to serum concentrations of folic acid and
      vitamin B 12].
AB  - The incidence of macrocytic anemia has been investigated in 32 patients on
      maintenance hemodialysis (mean age 46 years, mean duration of dialysis treatment
      27.5 months), in 18 patients with combined hemodialysis (HD) and hemofiltration
      (HF) treatment (mean age 42 years, mean duration of combined HD and HF treatment
      6.3 months) and in 32 patients after renal transplantation (mean age 41 years,
      mean observation period since successful renal transplantation 55.2 months). Also
      investigated were serum levels of vitamin B12 (radioassay kit 57Co) and folic
      acid (radioassay kit 125J). Macrocytosis (MCV greater than 96 fl) was observed in
      38% of the patients on maintenance hemodialysis, in 44% of the patients with
      combined HD and HF treatment, and in 47% of the renal transplant recipients. In
      the chronically dialysed patients, in contrast to the patients with combined HD
      and HF treatment, the mean serum folic acid level was significantly lower (p less
      than 0.005) than that of healthy controls. Serum levels of vitamin B12 were
      within the normal range in all patients. There were no significant differences in
      serum levels of folic acid and vitamin B12 between the patients with MCV greater
      than 96 fl and MCV less than or equal to 96 fl. Nor was there a correlation
      between the serum levels of folic acid or vitamin B12 and mean corpuscular
      volume. These results suggest that folic acid deficiency is of minor importance
      in the complex pathogenesis of anemia in hemodialysed patients.

PMID- 6367029
TI  - [Glass ionomer cements--materials properties and clinical use. A review of the
      literature].

PMID- 6367028
TI  - [Is the demonstration of immune complex useful in the activity assessment of
      chronic polyarthritis?].
AB  - In a prospective and controlled long-term study of 39 patients suffering from
      rheumatoid arthritis (RA), various blood parameters including the C1q-binding
      test (fluid phase) and the Rajicell test were performed. Blood samples were taken
      every three months during an observation period of eighteen months and compared
      with disease activity. According to these sequential analyses, immune complexes
      determined in the serum by these two tests do not always reflect disease activity
      expressed by addition of active joints. These results confirmed that the C1q
      binding test often closely reflects disease activity. In patients with RA and
      extraarticular manifestations the C1q-binding test continuously showed increased
      concentrations of circulating immune complexes in the serum. In patients with
      predominant vasculitis the regular determination of circulating immune complexes
      is the best means of showing disease activity. This latter observation is
      especially true in patients with malignant RA. On the whole, the clinical
      significance of regularly performed assay for detection of immune complexes in RA
      appears questionable.

PMID- 6367030
TI  - [Bridging of the defect by the lingual approach and bone graft fixation in the
      mandible with the THRP (titanium-coated hollow-screw and reconstruction plate)
      system].

PMID- 6367031
TI  - [Light microscopy analysis of the marginal fissure between conventional and
      modified implant posts and their suprastructure].

PMID- 6367032
TI  - Etiology and occurrence of denture stomatitis. A review of literature.

PMID- 6367033
TI  - Florence Nightingale.

PMID- 6367034
TI  - New approaches to the study of chromosome organization.

PMID- 6367035
TI  - Atrioventricular block--a review.

PMID- 6367036
TI  - Epidural and intrathecal narcotics for pain relief.

PMID- 6367037
TI  - VA to study twins.

PMID- 6367038
TI  - States want stiffer EDB rules.

PMID- 6367040
TI  - Artificial experts.

PMID- 6367039
TI  - Soluble lectins: a new class of extracellular proteins.
AB  - Soluble lectins of cellular slime molds and vertebrates are present at
      extracellular sites in the developing or adult tissues that make them. Some
      lectins are concentrated around cell groups, as in extracellular matrix or
      elastic fibers. Others are at the interface between cells and the external
      environment, as in mucin or slime. Specific glycoproteins, proteoglycans, or
      polysaccharides that bind these endogenous lectins may also be present at these
      sites. Interactions between the lectins and glycoconjugates appear to play a role
      in shaping extracellular environments.

PMID- 6367041
TI  - Insulin receptor phosphorylation may not be a prerequisite for acute insulin
      action.
AB  - An antiserum to the insulin receptor mimicked insulin's acute actions on glucose
      transport, phosphorylation of integral membrane proteins, and internalization of
      the insulin receptor in isolated rat adipose cells. These insulinomimetic actions
      of the antiserum occurred without the equivalent increase in phosphorylation of
      the beta subunit of the insulin receptor observed with insulin. Thus, a role of
      receptor phosphorylation in acute insulin action is now questioned.

PMID- 6367042
TI  - Insulin: carrier potential for enzyme and drug therapy.
AB  - Several carrier systems and targeting agents have been considered as means of
      delivering enzymes and drugs to specific tissues or cells. In this report insulin
      is shown to be effective in delivering enzyme-albumin conjugates to cells and
      tissues rich in insulin receptors. The complex is transported into cells by a
      process that resembles receptor-mediated endocytosis and can be identified in a
      lysosomal fraction. The enzyme-albumin-insulin complex retains its enzymatic
      activity and its ability to bind antibodies to insulin. It also has a
      hypoglycemic effect; however, plasma glucose concentrations can be maintained by
      glucose administration.

PMID- 6367043
TI  - Effects of cyclosporine immunosuppression in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
      of recent onset.
AB  - Type I diabetes may be an autoimmune disorder, although the evidence is largely
      circumstantial. The natural history of the disease after diagnosis includes
      partial remission in most patients, but only about 3 percent achieve transient
      insulin independence. beta Cell function, as indicated by the plasma
      concentration of C-peptide, is lost over 6 to 30 months and islet cell antibodies
      disappeared over 1 to 2 years. This article describes a pilot study in which 41
      patients were treated with the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine for 2 to 12
      months. Of 30 patients treated within 6 weeks of diagnosis, 16 became insulin
      independent with concentrations of plasma C-peptide in the normal range and
      decreasing titers of islet cell antibodies. Of 11 patients who entered the study
      8 to 44 weeks after diagnosis, two achieved this state. These results indicate
      that a controlled trial of the effects of cyclosporine in type I diabetes should
      be conducted.

PMID- 6367044
TI  - House panel denies exception for drug.

PMID- 6367045
TI  - Gene therapy method shows promise.

PMID- 6367046
TI  - Biological activity of recombinant human interleukin-2 produced in Escherichia
      coli.
AB  - The gene for interleukin-2 was isolated from the Jurkat cell line and from normal
      peripheral blood lymphocytes and, when inserted in Escherichia coli, was
      expressed at high concentrations. This interleukin-2 was purified to apparent
      homogeneity and tested for biological activity in a variety of assays in vitro
      and in vivo. The recombinant lymphokine supports the growth of murine and human
      interleukin-2 dependent cell lines, enhances the generation of murine and human
      cytolytic cells in vitro, and generates lymphokine activated killer cells from
      murine and human lymphocytes. It has a serum half-life of 2 to 3 minutes in the
      mouse and significantly enhances the generation of cytolytic cells in vivo after
      alloimmunization. No functional differences between native and the recombinant
      interleukin-2 molecules have been detected.

PMID- 6367047
TI  - Sequential interaction of glia maturation factor with insulin.
AB  - Astroblasts in culture proliferated when exposed to glia maturation factor for at
      least 2 hours and then to insulin, but not when exposed in the reverse order. The
      sequential relation suggests that glia maturation factor is a competence factor.

PMID- 6367048
TI  - Physiologic and pharmacologic enhancement of fibrinolysis.

PMID- 6367049
TI  - The role of fibrinolysis in disease processes.

PMID- 6367050
TI  - Antiestrogen therapy of breast cancer.
AB  - Studies in vitro and in animal models have helped define the mechanism of action
      of antiestrogens and the differences in the physical properties of the various
      antiestrogens. Tamoxifen is the most widely studied antiestrogen. A review of 45
      separate studies has shown a response rate to tamoxifen in advanced breast cancer
      that varies between 14% and 57%, with an overall response rate of 34%; prior
      therapy strongly influenced response rate. Menopausal status did not seem to
      influence response, and no dose-response relationship has been documented.
      Patients with estrogen-receptor-positive tumors are more likely to respond than
      those with estrogen-receptor-negative disease. Tamoxifen has been shown to be an
      unusually safe and well-tolerated drug. Studies of antiestrogens as adjuvants to
      local therapy of early breast cancer have generally produced encouraging results.
      More studies are needed, however, in order to define those subsets of patients
      who are most likely to benefit from adjuvant therapy with tamoxifen and to
      determine the most effective regimens.

PMID- 6367052
TI  - Immunosuppressive treatment of aplastic anemia as an alternative treatment for
      bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 6367051
TI  - The role of aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer.
AB  - Aminoglutethimide (AG) has antitumor activity in disseminated breast cancer
      similar to that of surgical adrenalectomy. AG works by blocking conversion of
      aromatase enzymes necessary for conversion of androgens to estrogens. Tumor
      response in patients with disseminated disease has been approximately 30%, with a
      further 13% of patients achieving stabilization of disease. Age and previous
      systemic treatment did not influence response to AG, except that those who had
      not responded to previous endocrine responded less well to AG. Relief of bone
      pain occurred not only in patients whose bone metastases objectively responded
      but also in some patients whose disease progressed. Side effects, although
      significant initially, usually subsided within 3 weeks; the incidence of side
      effects may be related to the rate of acetylation of the drug by the liver. In
      randomized clinical trials, AG has been shown to be as effective as adrenalectomy
      and tamoxifen therapy. AG was not as well tolerated as tamoxifen, but it was more
      effective in patients with bone metastases.

PMID- 6367053
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation for Fanconi anemia.

PMID- 6367054
TI  - Marrow transplantation for aplastic anemia.

PMID- 6367055
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation in acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia.

PMID- 6367056
TI  - Marrow transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

PMID- 6367057
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia.

PMID- 6367059
TI  - Meningiomas revisited.

PMID- 6367058
TI  - Late complications after marrow transplantation.

PMID- 6367060
TI  - Treatment of falciparum malaria with a single dose combination of dapsone and
      pyrimethamine (Maloprim).

PMID- 6367061
TI  - The origins of medical registration in Singapore (Part I).

PMID- 6367062
TI  - Individualist and structuralist perspectives on nutrition education for Canadian
      children.
AB  - The controversy over the most efficacious approach to health education is
      presented as a debate between the individualist perspective which stresses
      lifestyle change and the structuralist perspective which emphasizes change in
      socio-political conditions. Within the context of nutrition education for
      Canadian children as a case study, the two perspectives are compared and
      contrasted with respect to their definitions of (1) the root causes of poor
      health, (2) the most appropriate strategies for health education programs and (3)
      the training and subsequent role of the health educator in health promotion. The
      authors discuss the conflict between the two perspectives and suggest that
      synthesis is needed for progressive health promotion for Canadian children to
      occur.

PMID- 6367063
TI  - Medicalization and secularization in selected English Canadian fiction.
AB  - This paper presents an analysis of the role of medical and religious values in
      Canadian society during the past two centuries as described in Canadian book
      length fiction. It has been argued that medical institutions are increasingly
      becoming powerful social control agencies. More and more of human behavior is
      seen as having a medical explanation, cause or cure. At the same time, religious
      institutions are believed to be diminishing in their social control abilities.
      Normality and abnormality tend now to be defined as medical conditions. What was
      once seen as sin may now be considered illness; and what once was grace or
      holiness, now may be viewed as health. An empirical examination of this
      theoretically conceived and seldom empirically examined trend is documented.

PMID- 6367064
TI  - Dental services in Quebec: issues and changes.
AB  - This paper describes the dental care delivery system in the province of Quebec
      (Canada) and shows that it has failed on two counts: the geographical
      maldistribution of dental manpower and the lack of development of preventive
      services. The paper discusses these issues in relation to recent changes which
      have occurred in the last decade, particularly the recognition of dental
      hygienists and denturists as legitimate providers of dental care in 1973 and the
      inception of Denticare in 1974.

PMID- 6367065
TI  - Indian health services in Canada: a sociohistorical perspective.
AB  - The major trends and issues in the historical development of Indian health
      services in Canada since Confederation are discussed according to: (1) the
      legislative bases, including the BNA Act, the Indian Act, Indian Treaties,
      landmark court decisions and post-War national health legislations; (2) the
      policy statements of the federal government regarding services to Indians,
      culminating in the Indian Health Policy of 1979; (3) the changes in the
      organization and delivery of health services from the appointment of the first
      chief medical officer in 1904 to the multi-million operations of the Medical
      Services Branch in the 1980s; and (4) the reaction of Indian communities and
      political organizations to government-sponsored health care and the recent trend
      towards their increasing participation.

PMID- 6367066
TI  - The psychological dimension in cancer treatment.
AB  - A cardinal principle of medical ethics, primum non nocere, is examined in
      relation to current cancer treatments. In randomised, clinical trials of such
      treatments, the quality of life of patients has been largely ignored. The few
      systematic psychological studies reported so far indicate the likelihood of
      considerable psychosocial morbidity associated with radical surgery and
      prolonging combined chemotherapy. Detailed measures of psychosocial adjustment
      should be included in all future clinical trials of cancer therapy in order: (i)
      to identify those patients who require psychological help and (ii) to enable
      clinicians to base their decisions regarding cancer therapy not only on the
      probability of prolonging or, in some cases, saving life, but also on an accurate
      knowledge of the quality of that life.

PMID- 6367067
TI  - [Gregory Bateson and Alcoholics Anonymous].

PMID- 6367068
TI  - [Introducing a new psychotropic drug in psychiatry].

PMID- 6367070
TI  - [Psychopharmacology and biologic psychiatry. Historical review].

PMID- 6367069
TI  - [A drug therapy trial in psychiatry].

PMID- 6367071
TI  - Should sputum isolates of Haemophilus influenzae be serotyped?
AB  - In a patient with pneumonia, sputum culture revealed ampicillin-resistant
      Haemophilus influenzae, type b. Although nontypable H influenzae is a normal
      inhabitant of the upper respiratory tract and should be considered normal flora,
      typable H influenzae is found in less than 5% of healthy persons. Although only
      1.8% of sputum cultures reveal typable H influenzae, these strains account for
      98.3% of isolates from blood cultures of patients with pneumonia due to H
      influenzae. Serotyping of sputum isolates is recommended in patients with
      pneumonia to separate pathogenic typable strains from nonpathogenic nontypable
      strains.

PMID- 6367072
TI  - Multidrug-resistant Serratia marcescens bacteriuria related to urologic
      instrumentation.
AB  - An outbreak of urinary tract infections caused by multidrug-resistant Serratia
      marcescens lasted for 12 months and was found to be related to urologic
      instrumentation. Thirty-four patients had primary infections; four had cross
      infections. Only six patients had indwelling bladder catheters. The median
      interval between instrumentation and initial isolation of Serratia was six days.
      Seventy-three percent of patients were symptomatic, two were bacteremic. No
      common instruments, personnel, or wards were identified, and environmental
      cultures failed to reveal the epidemic strain of Serratia. The outbreak ended
      when the instrument disinfectant was changed. Serotyping was identical in nine of
      ten isolates. Intraspecies conjugation demonstrated resistance transfer of
      gentamicin, tobramycin, carbenicillin, chloramphenicol, and co-trimoxazole. The
      enzyme 6'-N-acetyl transferase was responsible for gentamicin-inactivation in
      patient isolates and a transconjugate. Although no significant spread of this
      multidrug-resistance plasmid to other Enterobacteriaceae occurred in the
      hospital, two instances of apparent in vivo transfer to other bladder organisms
      occurred.

PMID- 6367073
TI  - Emergent burn care.
AB  - The estimated 32,600,000 fires that occur annually in the United States produce
      over 300,000 injuries and 7,500 deaths. Ten percent of hospitalized burn victims
      die as a direct result of the burn. Initial evaluation and management of the burn
      patient are critical. The history should include the burn source, time of injury,
      burn environment, and combustible products. The burn size is best estimated by
      the Lund and Browder chart, and the burn depth is determined by clinical
      criteria. Pulmonary involvement and circumferential thoracic or extremity burns
      require detection and aggressive treatment to maintain organ viability.
      Hospitalization is usually necessary for adults with burns larger than 10% of the
      total body surface area (TBSA) or children with burns larger than 5% of TBSA.
      Major burns, those of 25% or more of TBSA or of 10% or more of full thickness,
      should be considered for treatment at a burn center, as well as children or
      elderly victims with burns of greater than 10% TBSA. Lactated Ringer's solution,
      infused at 4 ml/kg/% TBSA, is generally advocated for initial fluid restoration.
      After the acute phase (48 hours), replacement of evaporative and hypermetabolic
      fluid loss is necessary. These losses may constitute 3 to 5 liters per day for a
      40% to 70% TBSA burn. Blood transfusion is often required because of persistent
      loss of red blood cells (8% per day for about ten days). Many electrolyte
      abnormalities may occur in the first two weeks. Pulmonary injury commonly is
      lethal. Circumoral burns, oropharyngeal burns, and carbonaceous sputum are
      indicative of inhalation injury, but arterial blood gas determinations,
      fiberoptic bronchoscopy, and xenon lung scans are useful for confirming the
      diagnosis. Humidified oxygen, intubation, positive-pressure ventilation, and
      pulmonary toilet are the mainstays of therapy for inhalation injury. Wound care
      is initially directed at preservation of vital function by escharotomy, if
      restrictive eschar impairs ventilatory or circulatory function. Antibacterial
      agents may be applied to the burn, but invasive sepsis, defined as greater than
      10(5) organisms per gram of tissue with invasion of subjacent viable tissue,
      requires systemic antibiotic therapy. Wound debridement is done by daily
      hydrotherapy, tangential excision, chemicals, primary excision, and grafting,
      tailoring the technique to the individual burn.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6367074
TI  - Klebsiella pneumoniae arthritis of the hip in a diabetic patient.
AB  - Chronic debilitating diseases may predispose to various joint infections, but
      early diagnosis of septic arthritis of the hip may be difficult. Klebsiella
      pneumoniae is an organism uncommonly found in joint infections. We have reviewed
      the literature on Klebsiella pneumoniae septic arthritis and described a case of
      a diabetic patient who had severe destruction of the hip joint over a six-month
      interval due to Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.

PMID- 6367075
TI  - Rapid radioimmunoassay for parathyroid hormone: its use in hypercalcemic crisis.
AB  - Patients with severe hypercalcemia often require intensive medical therapy to
      avoid a fatal outcome. When therapy with saline and loop diuretics cannot control
      the hypercalcemia, use of the toxic drug mithramycin is most appropriate for
      malignancy-associated hypercalcemia, but parathyroidectomy is indicated for
      parathyroid crisis. Although differentiation of these two syndromes is possible
      in many cases on clinical grounds, the determination of immunoreactive
      parathyroid hormone values provides a direct assessment of parathyroid function.
      Radioimmunoassay for parathyroid hormone has traditionally required four to seven
      days, but more rapid results would be desirable in this medical emergency. We
      report a modification of a previously published midregion-specific PTH assay that
      provides accurate results within 24 hours and describe its use in six patients
      with life-threatening hypercalcemia.

PMID- 6367076
TI  - Role of immunologic mechanisms in tubulointerstitial nephropathies.
AB  - The immunologic basis of various glomerulonephropathies has been widely
      investigated and highly publicized. Little recognition, however, has been given
      to the possible role of the immune system in the genesis of tubulointerstitial
      nephropathies. Considerable clinical and experimental data have recently appeared
      suggesting the possible role of immunologic mechanisms in the genesis of various
      tubulointerstitial nephropathies. This article is intended to review the
      available clinical and experimental data pertaining to this issue.

PMID- 6367077
TI  - Systemic antibiotic therapy in surgical patients.

PMID- 6367078
TI  - Intra-abdominal migration of the Angelchik antireflux prosthesis.
AB  - We have reported a case of intra-abdominal migration of an Angelchik antireflux
      prosthesis caused by separation of the strap from the body of the device.

PMID- 6367079
TI  - Nifedipine for the poor-risk elderly patient with achalasia: objective response
      demonstrated by solid meal study.
AB  - We described an 84-year-old woman with symptomatic achalasia who refused both
      dilation and surgical treatment. She was treated with the calcium channel
      blocking drug nifedipine, with significant relief of symptoms. Objective evidence
      of response to the drug was confirmed by using an egg salad sandwich meal labeled
      with 99mTc-DTPA.

PMID- 6367080
TI  - Candida albicans meningitis in a parenteral drug abuser.
AB  - We have described a patient with meningitis due to Candida albicans, in whom the
      only identifiable risk factor was a history of intravenous amphetamine abuse.
      Despite intravenous therapy with 2 gm of amphotericin B and concurrent 5
      fluorocytosine, symptoms, CSF pleocytosis, and hypoglycorrhachia persisted. After
      a brief course of intrathecal amphotericin B therapy, the patient improved
      clinically and the CSF returned to normal.

PMID- 6367081
TI  - Conditional probability in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease.

PMID- 6367082
TI  - [Social problems of medicine and hygiene at the 7th Congress of Russian
      naturalists and physicians].

PMID- 6367083
TI  - [I. V. Bertenson, a public health physician and a public figure (on the 150th
      anniversary of his birth)].

PMID- 6367084
TI  - [A. P. Borodin - physician, chemist, teacher (on the 150th anniversary of his
      birth)].

PMID- 6367085
TI  - [O. A. Iunevich - an outstanding district physician].

PMID- 6367086
TI  - [Dr. I.L. Iavorskii - the explorer of Afghanistan].

PMID- 6367087
TI  - [Intestinal sutures used in operations on the large intestine].

PMID- 6367088
TI  - [Antibody formation in patients and the time periods of kidney allograft
      functioning].

PMID- 6367089
TI  - [Pathogenesis and treatment of hypoxemia in acute pneumonia].

PMID- 6367090
TI  - [Dermatoplasty in open wounds of the hand].

PMID- 6367091
TI  - [Laboratory diagnosis of pseudotuberculosis].

PMID- 6367093
TI  - [A half-century of work in the eradication of diphtheria in Yugoslavia].

PMID- 6367094
TI  - [Clinical trials of piracetam in anesthesiology and resuscitation].

PMID- 6367095
TI  - [The acological cabinet, its origins and fate].

PMID- 6367092
TI  - The effect of diagnostic radiopaque fluids used in discography on chymopapain
      activity.
AB  - It has been thought that intradiscal injection of radioopaque fluids prior to
      intradiscal chymopapain therapy might have some inhibitory effect on its enzyme
      activity and, thus, disc nuclear dissolution. This raised the question--what
      interval should elapse between discography and injection of the chymopapain to
      avoid this possible effect? The effects of Hypaque (Conray), metrizamide, and
      Urografin on chymopapain activity were measured. The most suitable substrate was
      N. Benzoyl-DL-arginine paranitroanilide (BAPNA). The yellow p-nitro aniline
      liberated (a measure of the enzymic activity of chymopapain) was determined by
      absorption spectrometry. Controlled series using 1) Hypaque plus substrate plus
      no enzyme, 2) Hypaque, enzyme, no substrate, and 3) Hypaque plus substrate plus
      enzyme showed no action. Hypaque (Conray) and Urografin are seen to enhance
      enzymic action of chymopapain. Metrizamide has slight inhibitory action. Effects
      of Dimerex were variable. Weak Hypaque increases activity (20%); 100% solution
      doubles activity. Thus, there is no necessity to delay injection of enzyme after
      Hypaque, Conray, Urografin, especially as disc radioopacity can persist up to 24
      hours. Prior injection of 95% alcohol (as used by Trosier) abolishes chymopapain
      activity.

PMID- 6367096
TI  - The efficacy of quinidine and disopyramide in the maintenance of sinus rhythm
      after electroconversion from atrial fibrillation. A double-blind study comparing
      quinidine, disopyramide and placebo.
AB  - In order to compare the relative efficacy of quinidine, disopyramide and a
      placebo in the maintenance of sinus rhythm after cardioversion from atrial
      fibrillation and in order to examine the incidence of side-effects, 82 patients
      with continuous atrial fibrillation (duration more than 1 month but less than 3
      years) were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive quinidine,
      disopyramide or placebo. Six months after cardioversion there was no significant
      difference between any of the three groups as regards the number of patients
      remaining in sinus rhythm. The greater distortion of the atrial architecture
      which occurs in patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease may explain the
      failure of these anti-arrhythmic agents to prolong the duration of sinus rhythm
      in this study, in which patients with valvular heart disease comprised 76% of the
      total group.

PMID- 6367097
TI  - The treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation by the modified Bristow
      Helfet procedure.
AB  - South African orthopaedic surgeons have been in the forefront of the development
      of reconstructive procedures performed for recurrent anterior shoulder
      dislocation. In addition to the Johannesburg stapling operation described by G.
      T. du Toit and D. Roux, Professor A. Helfet of Cape Town was the first to
      describe the coracoid transplantation operation in 1958. A modified form of this
      operation was performed on 31 patients between August 1975 and February 1981.
      Patients were followed up for a mean period of 38 months, and no recurrences were
      encountered in patients who had had true involuntary recurrent subluxation or
      dislocation. The operative technique is described in detail as it is considered
      that adequate exposure and accurate placement of the coracoid process are very
      important factors in obtaining a satisfactory result and in the prevention of
      complications. It has been postulated that this operation, which does not attempt
      to shorten the capsular structures or subscapularis tendon, affords a superior
      result in respect of patients who participate in throwing sports. It has been
      noted that patients who play cricket, baseball and basketball have encountered
      problems in regaining their ability to throw overhand after having had operations
      such as the Putti-Platt procedure, which entails intentional shortening of the
      capsular structures and subscapularis tendon.

PMID- 6367098
TI  - The effects of two combinations of a beta-blocker and a diuretic on diuresis in
      normal subjects.
AB  - Combinations of a beta-blocker and a diuretic often produce a greater fall in
      blood pressure than does either drug alone. Furthermore, beta-blockers prevent an
      increase in plasma renin activity, thereby attenuating diuretic-induced potassium
      excretion and also the reduction in hypotensive response to the diuretic. This
      study was designed to compare the effects of the two fixed-dose combinations
      atenolol 100 mg plus chlorthalidone 25 mg (Tenoretic; ICI) and sotalol 320 mg
      plus hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg (Sotazide; B-M) on the pattern of diuresis and the
      biochemical composition of the urine in normal subjects. These preparations
      differ mainly in that the plasma half-lives of chlorthalidone and
      hydrochlorothiazide are 60 hours and 6 hours respectively; the former therefore
      accumulates when given once daily while the latter does not. These two
      preparations were found to have similar effects on the pattern of diuresis and
      the biochemical values. It is therefore concluded that the relationship between
      the serum chlorthalidone level and the fall in serum potassium level is in
      keeping with the flat dose-response curves for the thiazide and phthalimide
      diuretics.

PMID- 6367100
TI  - Secretion of inducible proteinase by pathogenic Candida species.
AB  - The ability of three isolates each of seven pathogenic Candida species to grow in
      a liquid medium containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a nitrogen source was
      determined. All three strains of C. albicans, two strains of C. guilliermondii
      and one strain of C. tropicalis grew well. At any time proteinase activity was
      detected in the culture filtrates of only the most virulent species--C. albicans,
      C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis and this observation was related to complete
      hydrolysis of BSA. Serologically, cross reactions were demonstrated between anti
      proteinase antiserum and C. albicans and C. tropicalis culture filtrates. These
      results further emphasise the role of the inducible proteinase of Candida in the
      pathogenesis of candidosis.

PMID- 6367099
TI  - Titration of antibodies to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis by erythro-immunoassay
      (EIA).
AB  - The erythro-immunoassay, a new serological procedure in which a hybrid antibody
      conjugate is able to bind erythrocytes, was used for the titration of antibodies
      against P. brasiliensis in sera from patients with paracoccidioidomycosis. A
      peptide-polysaccharide and a lyophilized yeast culture filtrate of P.
      brasiliensis were used as antigens. Absorption with dead Candida albicans whole
      cells was necessary to decrease cross reactions observed with heterologous sera.
      Erythro-immunoassay provides a sensitive system for titration of antibodies in
      paracoccidioidomycosis with serum dilutions up to 1:102000.

PMID- 6367102
TI  - [Operative dentistry--cavity preparation and impression taking].

PMID- 6367101
TI  - Prevalence of different strains of Candida albicans in patients with denture
      induced stomatitis.
AB  - Eighteen resistogram strains of Candida albicans were found among isolates
      obtained from 10 oral sites sampled prior to treatment in 22 patients with
      denture stomatitis. Eight strains were isolated from single patients, but two
      were found in four patients and one was found in five patients. Fifteen of the 18
      strains were isolated from sites including the fitting surface of the denture or
      the denture-bearing mucosa. Twelve patients, sampled on a second occasion after
      treatment, harboured at least one strain on both occasions.

PMID- 6367103
TI  - [Miscellaneous records of medico-dental and pharmacological history (47)
      Publication in 1690 (1)].

PMID- 6367104
TI  - [Significance of the letter "u" in ancient Chinese. Did it mean caries or
      tooth?].

PMID- 6367105
TI  - Hyman J. Weiner's use of systems and population approaches: their relevance to
      social work practice in health care today.
AB  - In the course of his creative career, Hyman J. Weiner (August 22, 1926-December
      2, 1980) exerted a particularly profound, distinct and dynamic influence on
      social work practice in health care settings. This tribute to him reviews the
      theoretical perspective and action guides he formulated to help social workers in
      these settings apply systems and population approaches to the shaping of their
      missions, functions and services. Their current applicability is discussed.

PMID- 6367107
TI  - Pancreatitis.
AB  - Recent technologic advances in ultrasonography and computed tomography have
      revolutionized the diagnostic evaluation of pancreatic disease. More important,
      these imaging modalities provide an unprecedented opportunity to detect at an
      early stage the complications of pancreatitis, such as phlegmon, pseudocyst, and
      abscess, and to follow their response to therapy.

PMID- 6367106
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography.
AB  - Digital subtraction angiography is a new technique that combines fluoroscopic and
      computer technology to image the vascular system. This "angiogram" is fast and
      safe, can be performed on outpatients, and requires only intravenously
      administered contrast medium.

PMID- 6367108
TI  - Diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected cholecystitis.
AB  - In this article, imaging techniques for examining patients with suspected
      cholecystitis are discussed. In particular, acute cholecystitis and the roles of
      ultrasonography and radionuclide imaging are stressed, including each of their
      specific advantages and limitations.

PMID- 6367109
TI  - Gastrointestinal bleeding. An angiographic perspective.
AB  - Angiography has become an integral tool in the management of patients with
      gastrointestinal bleeding. It is used for localizing the site of bleeding and
      then for controlling the bleeding when more conservative methods of treatment are
      unsuccessful.

PMID- 6367110
TI  - Radiologic aspects of diagnosis and treatment of abdominal abscesses.
AB  - The precise anatomic display by computed tomography and ultrasonography provides
      the guidance to make diagnostic needle aspiration a safe routine procedure.
      Percutaneous catheter drainage of abdominal abscesses now offers an alternative
      to surgery and has already become a well-established radiologic procedure in many
      centers.

PMID- 6367111
TI  - Interventional radiology of the biliary system and pancreas.
AB  - In recent years, newer techniques have become available to the clinician for the
      diagnosis and treatment of biliary and pancreatic disease. This article
      emphasizes interventional procedures through the liver, such as percutaneous
      transhepatic cholangiography, percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, and
      ancillary techniques. Also discussed are the nonsurgical management of bile duct
      calculi and the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic tumors, abscesses, and
      pseudocysts.

PMID- 6367112
TI  - Use of a Bayesian algorithm in the computer-assisted diagnosis of appendicitis.
AB  - One hundred consecutive patients with acute right lower quadrant abdominal pain
      were prospectively evaluated with a computerized Bayesian diagnostic algorithm.
      An accuracy rate of 92 per cent was obtained. Computer recommendations would have
      resulted in a negative exploration rate of 9 per cent, as compared with the rate
      of 19 per cent which was actually obtained. Even though our clinical management
      of these patients was in keeping with accepted standards, the Bayesian program
      would have avoided eight unnecessary operations. In all instances in which the
      patient presented with appendicitis, the computer correctly predicted that
      appendicitis was present. Computer-assisted diagnostic programs using a Bayesian
      approach may have some role in the evaluation of right lower quadrant abdominal
      pain. The technique presented herein describes a means of developing a database
      of conditional probabilities without reliance on large patient surveys. Even with
      this refinement, the Bayesian approach to diagnosis remains complex. The
      development of this type of program requires close interaction between computer
      scientists and surgeons. Nevertheless, the approach does appear promising and it
      may well be worth the considerable effort required to initiate such a system. The
      exact role for Bayesian diagnostic analysis cannot be predicted at this point.
      Certainly it should have no greater importance than a routine laboratory test.
      Perhaps the results of Bayesian analysis in this setting might assume a
      diagnostic significance similar to that of the white blood cell count. The work
      of DeDombal has done much to eliminate the physician reluctance seen with earlier
      programs. It has become increasingly apparent that computers may perform many
      clinically useful functions without infringing upon the art of medicine. The
      computer assisted diagnosis of acute abdominal pain may well constitute one such
      function.

PMID- 6367113
TI  - A flexible procedure for multiple cadaveric organ procurement.
AB  - Techniques have been developed which permit removal of the kidneys, liver, heart
      and other organs from the same donor without jeopardy to any of the individual
      grafts. The guiding principle is avoidance with all organs of warm ischemia. This
      is achieved by carefully timed and controlled infusion of cold solutions into
      anatomic regions, the limits of which are defined by preliminary dissection.

PMID- 6367114
TI  - Arteriovenous shunt using the sleeve technique in the dog.
AB  - Arteriovenous shunts were constructed in 12 dogs for simplified venous access. A
      modified end-in-end technique was used. In this technique, the donor vessel is
      telescoped into the recipient vessel and kept in place with two sutures, not
      exposed to the blood stream. Mean skin-to-skin time was 17 minutes. Ten shunts
      were patent one week after construction. Nine were open after one month. We have
      concluded that this anastomotic technique is suitable for the construction of
      arteriovenous shunts in dogs and that it facilitates venous access.

PMID- 6367115
TI  - Simultaneous transplantation of the kidney and pancreas for end-stage diabetic
      nephropathy.
AB  - The surgical techniques involved in the simultaneous harvesting of the pancreas
      and kidneys from a cadaveric donor and the subsequent transplantation of the
      organs are presented in detail. The advantages of synchronous transplantation of
      the pancreas and kidneys in the treatment of end-stage diabetic nephropathy are
      also discussed.

PMID- 6367116
TI  - Residua of thoracic trauma.
AB  - While most residua of thoracic trauma are obvious, tracheal stenosis, aneurysm of
      the aortic arch and diaphragmatic hernia are easily overlooked. They may be
      asymptomatic and may go undetected until the occurrence of life-threatening
      consequences. Therefore, these three conditions must be thought of and ruled out
      during the management and follow-up observation of all patients who have trauma
      to the chest. Surgeons participating in the management of thoracic trauma must
      anticipate, prevent when possible, diagnose early and treat any of the residua
      that can, and often do, result.

PMID- 6367117
TI  - James Watson Kernohan: 1896-1981.

PMID- 6367118
TI  - Neuroradiologic and neuropathologic findings with growing giant intracranial
      aneurysm. Review of the literature.
AB  - The neuroradiologic observations on a case of growing giant intracranial aneurysm
      originating from a small saccular aneurysm are described in detail. The reports
      in the literature of growing giant aneurysms are reviewed. The computed
      tomographic and angiographic findings are described and special diagnostic
      difficulties analyzed. A correlation between the computed tomographic and
      neuropathologic findings is made, and the pathogenetic mechanisms of enlargement
      of aneurysms are discussed.

PMID- 6367119
TI  - Role of polyamines and their antimetabolites in clinical medicine.
AB  - Polyamine research, which began with a clinical observation more than 300 years
      ago, has progressed for several decades as pure basic research, sometimes
      considered as an academic triviality. The role of polyamines in clinical medicine
      is coming of age. The fruits of polyamine research are just now entering into the
      realm of practical application and in a very multidisciplinary manner. Basic
      research on polyamine metabolism and the elucidation of their physiologic
      functions has involved many academically interesting, even revolutionary,
      aspects, but the imagination of biochemists and cell biologists may no longer be
      sufficient to discover the best ways to translate the results of this basic
      research into clinical practice. It is almost certain that polyamine
      antimetabolites will soon find their place among the drug regimens used for the
      treatment of human malignancies and, possibly, also of hyperproliferative skin
      diseases. The elucidation of the role of polyamines in cell differentiation may
      offer fundamental applications regarding the regulation of cell cycle events. The
      discovery of the antiparasitic properties of polyamine antimetabolites may have a
      major impact on the well-being of millions of people in the developing world. The
      potential application of polyamine research in microbial and viral diseases is an
      area in which investigational insight is just beginning. Finally, the clinical
      chemistry of extracellular polyamines, although initially disappointing, has not
      yet been explored in depth and may offer applications useful for the diagnosis or
      follow-up of a variety of common diseases.

PMID- 6367120
TI  - Arachidonic acid and metabolic diseases.

PMID- 6367121
TI  - The vitamin D endocrine system, calcium metabolism, and osteoporosis.
AB  - Although the nutritional aspects related to bone development and subsequent bone
      loss have been appreciated for many years, they are now being reemphasized in
      view of current information concerning the vitamin D endocrine system, the
      development of new assay procedures and more sensitive radiologic techniques to
      assess changes in bone mass, and the realization that clinical problems related
      to bone loss will increase as individuals live longer. The vitamin D endocrine
      system is complex, involving the skin, liver, and kidney for synthesis of the
      vitamin D metabolites and, primarily, the intestine and bone for biologic
      expression. Numerous factors and disorders affecting the skin, gastrointestinal
      tract, and kidney will adversely affect vitamin D metabolism. Vitamin D
      deficiency is common in elderly individuals, especially those who are chronically
      ill, house-bound, and poorly nourished. Subclinical vitamin D deficiency and
      osteomalacia may also be complicating problems in elderly patients with
      osteoporosis and hip fractures. At present the role of the vitamin D endocrine
      system in the pathogenesis and treatment of osteoporosis is unclear. There is
      little evidence that vitamin D or its metabolites are helpful in osteoporosis,
      except perhaps to heal osteomalacia which may be present. It is hoped that
      encouraging results will follow the use of more potent vitamin D metabolites,
      either alone or in combination with other agents. Calcium homeostasis is affected
      by numerous dietary factors (including protein, phosphorus, fiber, and lactose)
      and drugs (including alcohol, diuretics, and antacids), and calcium absorption in
      the intestine and the ability to adapt to low-calcium diets will decrease with
      advancing age. There are conflicting reports concerning the relation between low
      calcium intake and osteoporosis, and about the role of calcium intake in the
      development and then maintenance of bone mass. There is little doubt that many
      older individuals ingest less calcium than is recommended, especially at a time
      when even more may be required to maintain bone mass. Several studies show that
      calcium supplementation producing a total calcium intake of 1,200-1,500 mg/day
      can slow the rate of bone loss. When the high doses of calcium are given along
      with vitamin D, periodic monitoring of blood and urine calcium is necessary to
      avoid hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria.

PMID- 6367122
TI  - Frozen section diagnosis in ophthalmic surgery.
AB  - Frozen section diagnosis can afford the opportunity for histopathological
      examination of excised tissues in the operating room. Because frozen section
      techniques have traditionally been little used in ophthalmic surgery, many
      pathologists are not familiar with eye tissues. However, with cooperation and
      understanding between the ophthalmologist and the pathologist, frozen section
      diagnosis may be able to identify the tissue, the pathologic process and the
      extent of the lesion within 10-15 minutes. In this review, applications and
      problems of frozen section diagnosis in various types of ocular surgery are
      discussed.

PMID- 6367123
TI  - Phase contrast microscopy. Diagnosis of ghost cell glaucoma following cataract
      extraction.
AB  - Ghost cell glaucoma may be suspected when intraocular pressure remains elevated
      following vitreous hemorrhage. Vitrectomy provides relief of the glaucoma and an
      improvement in vision. The vitrectomy specimen offers confirmation of the
      clinical diagnosis when examined by phase contrast microscopy.

PMID- 6367124
TI  - Urologic complications in 718 renal transplant patients.
AB  - Urologic complications occurred in 13.2% of the 718 patients who received renal
      transplants performed during a 26-year period at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital.
      The complication rate remained constant over the quarter century period, whereas
      the rate of death caused by complications decreased significantly during the last
      decade. This was due, in part, to recent use of ultrasound techniques permitting
      earlier recognition of complications. The majority of urologic complications
      occurred during the first month after transplantation. Contributing factors
      included technical problems, ischemia, and perhaps allograft rejection. No
      correlation could be found between degree of HLA match or mismatch and likelihood
      of complication. Internal indwelling stents offered substantial advantages over
      nephrostomy tubes for temporary urinary diversion. The most serious complications
      encountered were calyceal-cutaneous fistulas associated with donor kidneys with
      multiple renal arteries. "Bench" operation has proved to be a major technical
      advance in the prevention of these fistulas.

PMID- 6367125
TI  - Reduced-sized orthotopic liver graft in hepatic transplantation in children.
AB  - Because of the rarity of child donors, in cases of adult donors room requirement
      for the liver graft is a major technical obstacle to liver transplantation in
      children. To overcome this difficulty in a child, the authors performed an
      orthotopic transplantation with an adult liver that had been reduced to the left
      lobe. The absence of technically-related complications suggests that this
      procedure might facilitate the performance of liver transplantation in children.

PMID- 6367126
TI  - Cancer in cadaver kidney transplant patients.

PMID- 6367127
TI  - Arteriovenous fistulas.

PMID- 6367128
TI  - Composite retained onlay bridges. A follow-up study in adolescents.
AB  - A follow-up study of composite retained onlay bridges inserted to replace
      permanent anterior teeth in adolescents was performed. The material comprised 100
      bridges and the dominating reasons for replacement of teeth were aplasia and
      trauma. Clinical controls were performed every six months and the mean
      observation time was 34 months. (Range 11-59 months). Seventyone bridges were
      functioning without complications during the observation period. Dislodgement
      occurred in 29 bridges on 54 different occasions. Dislodgement was seen more
      frequently in boys. The dominating reason for dislodgement was new trauma during
      sports activities or fights, which occurred more frequently in patients with
      trauma as the original reason for replacement of teeth. Owing to the tooth
      preserving potential and reversibility, it is considered a valuable method of
      replacing missing anterior teeth in young individuals. Further investigations
      should concentrate on technical development aimed at achieving optimum retention
      and on clinical evaluation over longer periods.

PMID- 6367129
TI  - Wound prophylaxis in thoracic surgery: a new approach.
AB  - A prospective double blind, randomised study was performed in 100 patients
      undergoing major elective thoracic surgery to assess a new method of prophylaxis
      of wound infection using one preincisional intraparietal infiltration of
      cefuroxime sodium along the line of proposed incision as the sole protection
      against wound infection. A significant (p less than 0.01) reduction in the
      incidence of wound infection occurred in the antibiotic treated group (2%)
      compared with the control group (20%), who received by the same route the same
      volume of saline only. The groups were comparable with respect to age, sex,
      pathological condition, and operative variables. The use of additional
      antibiotics was significantly greater in the control group (p less than 0.01),
      largely owing to a much greater incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection in
      the control group (60%) than in the antibiotic treated group (40%). No morbidity
      was associated with this technique. The organisms found in oesophageal and
      bronchial operative luminal specimens did not correlate with postoperative wound
      or pulmonary infection or with organisms causing these infections. Reductions in
      wound and pulmonary infection rates equivalent to those produced by conventional
      multiple dose parenteral regimens were achieved by this technique.

PMID- 6367130
TI  - Effect of inspiratory flow rate on bronchomotor tone in normal and asthmatic
      subjects.
AB  - The effect of the inspiratory flow rate during deep inspiration on the regulation
      of bronchomotor tone was studied in nine normal and 22 asthmatic subjects.
      Changes in bronchial tone were assessed by respiratory resistance measured by an
      oscillation method. In normal subjects with bronchoconstriction induced by
      methacholine a rapid deep inspiration reduced respiratory resistance more than a
      slow deep inspiration. Asthmatic subjects with spontaneous airway narrowing
      showed an increase in respiratory resistance after deep inspiration that was
      greater after rapid than after slow deep inspiration. On the other hand, in
      asthmatics with methacholine induced bronchoconstriction, bronchodilatation
      occurred after deep inspiration and this was also greater after rapid than after
      slow deep inspiration. Lignocaine inhalation attenuated both bronchoconstriction
      and bronchodilatation induced by both slow and rapid deep inspiration. These
      results suggest that the effects of deep inspiration are mediated at least in
      part via receptors in the airways. It is suggested that in asthmatic patients
      with spontaneous bronchoconstriction irritant receptor activity will be increased
      in proportion to the speed of inspiration. After methacholine induced
      bronchoconstriction stretch receptor activity is likely to behave in a similar
      fashion, leading to an opposite effect.

PMID- 6367131
TI  - Quantitation of tissue-type plasminogen activator in human endothelial cell
      cultures by use of an enzyme immunoassay.
AB  - Endothelial cells from human umbilical cord were cultured to study plasminogen
      activator synthesis and secretion. Since simultaneous production of plasminogen
      activator inhibitor(s) prevented detection of plasminogen activators by use of
      fibrinolytic assays, an enzyme immunoassay for tissue-type plasminogen activator
      (t-PA) was developed. In this assay, t-PA in test samples was adsorbed onto
      microtiter plates coated with rabbit antibody against t-PA and then quantitated
      by successive incubation with goat antibody against t-PA and enzyme labeled
      rabbit antibody against goat IgG. The sensitivity of the assay was found to be 1
      ng t-PA/ml. In the absence of serum, arterial and venous endothelial cells
      continuously produce t-PA antigen during a 24 h period, reaching a level of 5.1
      +/- 2.5 ng t-PA/ml (n = 8). In serum containing (20%) medium, 9.3 +/- 6.0 ng t
      PA/ml (n = 17) was produced during this period (0.1 - 0.2 ml medium per cm2
      confluent cells). It is concluded that the enzyme immunoassay is a useful method
      for quantitating t-PA secretion by endothelial cells in the presence of
      proteinase inhibitors.

PMID- 6367132
TI  - Investigations on the effect of thrombocytin on platelets.

PMID- 6367133
TI  - The assay of factor Xa on a centrifugal analyzer.

PMID- 6367134
TI  - [The methacholine test in asthma].

PMID- 6367135
TI  - [Venous leg ulcer].

PMID- 6367136
TI  - [Acute pancreatitis in dogs. A literature study].
AB  - The aetiology of acute pancreatitis in dogs is rather obscure. Although
      experimental studies may reveal a number of causative factors, an aetiological
      diagnosis is rarely established in 'spontaneous' pancreatitis. The pathogenesis
      and pathophysiology are reviewed. Activated trypsin plays a leading role in the
      injury to the pancreas, the ischaemia of the tissues and the disseminated
      intravascular coagulation. Vomiting, abdominal pain and general malaise are
      prominent features in the externally perceptible symptoms. Examination of the
      blood is of importance both in establishing the diagnosis and in determining the
      course of the disease. Great caution is indicated in setting store by individual
      results of haematological studies. There is neither a biochemical nor a
      haematological method of estimation today, by which acute haemorrhagic necrotic
      pancreatitis can be shown to be present or ruled out with one hundred per cent
      certainty. Treatment of the disease is mainly symptomatic. Complete withdrawal of
      food and water is the most important factor. Intravenous fluid therapy, anti
      emetics, analgesics and possibly antibiotics are the main adjuncts to treatment.
      The prognosis will largely depend on the stage of the disease and the extent to
      which complications have occurred at the time.

PMID- 6367137
TI  - [Disorders in mucociliary transport. Primary ciliary dyskinesia].
AB  - A survey is given of the mucociliary transport in the airways. Disturbances in
      rheologic qualities (viscosity and elasticity) of the mucuslayer may adversely
      influence mucociliary transport. This plays a role in cystic fibrosis and chronic
      bronchitis of other etiology. Disturbances in ciliary action can be secondary to
      for instance viral infections, inhalated substances and drugs. Inborn errors in
      the architecture of the cilia may cause immotility or ineffective motility of
      cilia, resulting in frequent airway infections. The clinical characteristics,
      diagnostic possibilities and a proposal for therapeutic measures are discussed.

PMID- 6367138
TI  - HLA-D and -DR antigens on human amniotic fluid cells. II. Heterogeneous
      expression of HLA-DR and other cell surface markers.
AB  - To evaluate further the feasibility of HLA typing for prenatal diagnosis, we
      tested human amniotic fluid cells (AFC), known to express HLA-A, -B, and -C
      antigens, for the presence of HLA-DR antigens using type-specific antisera in the
      microcytotoxicity assay and a monoclonal antibody directed against the common HLA
      DR structure (cDR) in indirect immunofluorescence. Prenatal typing of HLA-DR on
      AFC in the microcytotoxicity test was possible in only one out of eight families
      studied. The detected DR2 antigen was confirmed by postnatal typings of cord
      blood lymphocytes. Thereafter, 23 different AFC cultures were tested with
      monoclonal antibodies in indirect immunofluorescence. Only six cultures were
      partially positive (23-35% fluorescent cells) with the monoclonal cDR antibody
      while all AFC cultures demonstrated strong positive fluorescence (68-100%) with a
      monoclonal antibody against the common HLA-A, -B, and -C structure (cHLA). These
      data suggest that only a small subpopulation of AFC expresses class II (HLA-DR)
      antigens in contrast to the nearly ubiquitous expression of class I (HLA-A, -B,
      and -C) antigens. Furthermore, the heterogeneous expression of cell surface
      antigens within the various AFC cultures was substantiated with monoclonal
      antibodies directed toward cell surface antigens of the OKT, OKM, and Lyt series
      that have been found to be characteristic for subpopulations of lymphoid and
      hemapoetic cells. Thus, at present, HLA-DR typing is not reliable for prenatal
      diagnosis.

PMID- 6367139
TI  - [The Burgerziekenhuis (People's Hospital) in Amsterdam and the modernization of
      nursing care in the 19th century].

PMID- 6367140
TI  - [Biosynthetic human insulin: Humulin].

PMID- 6367141
TI  - [Psychosocial problems of patients treated with kidney function replacement
      therapy].

PMID- 6367142
TI  - Endoscopic hemostasis of gastrointestinal hemorrhage by local application of
      absolute ethanol: a clinical study.
AB  - The procedure of endoscopic hemostasis with topical injection of absolute ethanol
      has been developed and applied since 1975 for the control of postoperative
      hemorrhage associated with diathermic polypectomy. Since June 1979, upper
      gastrointestinal hemorrhages other than varices have also been subjected to this
      procedure. This method is based on the principle of dehydration and fixation of
      the tissue with absolute ethanol. In this procedure, the bleeding vasculatures
      are dehydrated and fixed with consequent vasoconstriction and necrosis of the
      vascular wall including its endothelial lining, thereby thrombogenesis and
      hemostasis are facilitated. The troubled blood vessels fixed in vivo are
      disintegrated and disappeared. Rebleeding from the ulcer has been extremely rare
      with this method since the necrotized tissue seldom defoliates but often
      constitutes a part of the white coating and protects the base of ulcer. Treatment
      by this method has been successful in all 23 cases of upper gastrointestinal
      hemorrhage associated with endoscopic diathermy, and none has developed
      rebleeding. The hemostasis has also been successful in 51 cases (72 hemorrhagic
      lesions) with fresh blood clots adhering to the lesion, exposed blood vessels in
      the lesion or an actively bleeding lesion out of 126 cases referred for emergency
      endoscopic examination because of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage during the 3
      year period from June 1979 to May 1982. After hemostasis, however, 3 patients
      received an elective operation and one patient was also operated due to
      perforation of the gastric wall. Rebleeding occurred in 3 cases more than a week
      after the hemostasis; one of these was the above-described operated case of
      perforation. The rebleeding occurred in stress ulcers following surgery for
      femoral fracture. The other two were at the terminal stage of malignancy and
      complicated with DIC respectively. Of the patients treated by this method, 8 died
      by causes other than gastrointestinal hemorrhage. All the rest of 39 cases
      attained cure of ulcer by the non-surgical treatment alone.

PMID- 6367143
TI  - Pancreatic polypeptide and insulin contents in diabetic and nondiabetic human
      pancreas and their relationship to the stability of the fasting serum glucose.
AB  - The amounts of insulin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) in twenty four autopsied
      diabetic and nineteen nondiabetic human pancreases were determined and their
      relationship to the stability of the fasting serum glucose level was
      investigated. The PP content of the tail of the pancreas in diabetic and
      nondiabetic subjects was 9.55 +/- 2.41 and 7.71 +/- 1.52 micrograms/g pancreas,
      and that of the head of the pancreas was 16.86 +/- 5.51 and 15.82 +/- 5.38
      micrograms/g, respectively. No significant differences in content were found
      between diabetic and nondiabetic pancreases. The PP content of the head pancreas
      of some diabetics and nondiabetics was higher than that of the tail. The insulin
      content of the tail of the diabetic pancreas was lower than that of the
      nondiabetic pancreas. In those diabetics where there was less than 0.5 U/g of
      insulin in the tail pancreas, the stability of the fasting serum glucose was very
      poor, indicating an unstable type of diabetes. There was a significant inverse
      correlation between standard deviation of FBS and the amount of insulin, but the
      PP content of the pancreas had no relation to the stability of the fasting serum
      glucose.

PMID- 6367144
TI  - Response of extrapancreatic glucagon to glycemic changes under chronic insulin
      deficiency in dogs.
AB  - Since the secretion of pancreatic glucagon is largely influenced by the changes
      in the blood glucose level, the response of extrapancreatic glucagon was
      investigated in totally pancreatectomized dogs under chronic insulin deficiency.
      Insulin-induced hypoglycemia did not alter plasma glucagon in the portal vein in
      a group of 5 pancreatectomized dogs, but the decrease of the blood glucose was
      small, by 70 mg/100 ml, in spite of a large amount of insulin. The administration
      of 2-deoxyglucose did not cause any changes in plasma glucagon in the portal vein
      in a group of 6 pancreatectomized dogs. Glucose-induced hyperglycemia, both
      transient and continuous, did not cause any changes in plasma glucagon in the
      portal vein, although blood glucose was significantly elevated. It is concluded
      that regulation of extrapancreatic glucagon differs from that of pancreatic
      glucagon.

PMID- 6367145
TI  - N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activity in serum of patients with epidermolysis
      bullosa.
AB  - A spectrophotometric study for serum N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activity in
      patients with different types of epidermolysis bullosa and other bullous diseases
      was carried out. The activity in recessive type of epidermolysis bullosa
      dystrophica was higher than in dominant type of epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica
      and other bullous diseases. High levels of this enzymatic activity may be related
      to the metabolism of glycosaminoglycans, especially hyaluronic acid in recessive
      type of epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica.

PMID- 6367146
TI  - Controlling expansion of the nursing home industry: effects of prospective
      payment systems on capital formation.

PMID- 6367148
TI  - [Detection of C. burnetii in wool swabs from naturally infected goats using a
      volumetric method of immunofluorescent analysis].

PMID- 6367147
TI  - Effect of triphenyltin hydroxide on the immune system of the rat.
AB  - To evaluate the functional significance of triphenyltin hydroxide (TPTH)-induced
      lymphopenia and lymphocyte depletion in thymus-dependent areas of spleen and
      lymph nodes, various immune function studies were carried out after 3 or 4 weeks
      TPTH exposure. Weaned male rats were fed a diet containing 25 mg TPTH/kg, a
      concentration that did not influence food intake and weight gain. TBTO exposure
      was continued during the course of the function tests. As parameters of the cell
      mediated immunity in 2 experiments the delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions to
      ovalbumin and tuberculin were significantly suppressed. No effect was observed on
      allograft rejection, splenic clearance of Listeria monocytogenes at days 5 and 6
      after infection, and responsiveness of thymocytes to different T-cell mitogens.
      In contrast, the response of splenic lymphocytes to the T-cell mitogen
      phytohaemagglutinin was significantly suppressed. As TPTH treatment reduced the
      number of spleen cells, mitogenic response calculated per whole spleen was
      significantly depressed. Regarding the humoral immunity, no effect was observed
      on serum IgM and IgG levels, on the thymus-independent IgM response to E. coli
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and on the primary and secondary IgM and IgG response
      to the thymus-dependent antigen tetanus toxoid. Also, no effect was found on
      phagocytic and killing capacity of macrophages as demonstrated by unaltered
      splenic clearance of L. monocytogenes at days 1 and 2 after infection. Slightly
      enhanced mortality of TPTH-treated animals was observed in a L. monocytogenes
      mortality assay. Finally, TPTH did not increase the susceptibility of rats to
      endotoxin (LPS).

PMID- 6367149
TI  - [Modeling of pseudotuberculosis infection].

PMID- 6367150
TI  - Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay of rubella antibody.
AB  - Serum rubella IgG and IgM antibodies were determined in normal healthy women and
      in rubella patients using rubella Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits.
      Fifty four per cent (67/125) of healthy women had IgG rubella antibodies.
      Positive correlation was found between rubella ELISA IgG antibody and rubella
      hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Elevation of rubella IgM antibody was
      demonstrated during acute phase of the rubella infection. It was concluded that
      the ELISA of rubella antibody can be useful in surveying the immune status of a
      population before performing vaccination and in diagnosing rubella during acute
      phase.

PMID- 6367151
TI  - The effect of thymus cells on bone marrow transplants into sublethally irradiated
      mice. Lack of correlation between spleen colony formation and competitive
      repopulation of granulocytic system.
AB  - Bone marrow cells formed similar numbers of 10-day spleen colonies in sublethally
      (6 Gy) irradiated C57B1/6 mice in lethally (7.5 Gy) irradiated mice i.e.
      approximately 20 per 10(5) cells. Numbers of 10 day endogenous spleen colonies in
      sublethally irradiated mice (0.2 to 0.6 per spleen) did not differ significantly
      from the numbers in lethally irradiated mice. Yet, transplants of 10(7)
      coisogenic marrow cells into sublethally irradiated mice resulted in
      predominantly endogenous recovery of granulocyte system as evidenced by
      utilization of "beige" marker for transplanted cells. Nevertheless, transplanted
      cells engrafted into sublethally irradiated mice were present in their
      hemopoietic tissues throughout the observation period of 2 months never exceeding
      5 to 10% of all cells. Thymus cells stimulated endogenous and exogenous spleen
      colony formation as well as endogenous granulopoietic recovery. Additionally,
      they increased both the frequency and absolute numbers of graft-derived
      granulocytic cells in hemopoietic organs of transplanted mice. They failed,
      however, to essentially change the quantitative relationships between endogenous
      and exogenous hemopoietic recovery. These results may suggest that spleen colony
      studies are not suitable for prediction of events following bone marrow
      transplant into sublethally irradiated mice. Simultaneously, they have
      strengthened the necessity for appropriate conditioning of recipients of marrow
      transplants.

PMID- 6367152
TI  - Pathophysiology of extracranial cerebral arterial stenosis--a critical review.

PMID- 6367154
TI  - The physician's gold-headed cane.

PMID- 6367153
TI  - Prolongation of bleeding time and inhibition of platelet aggregation by low-dose
      acetylsalicylic acid in patients with cerebrovascular disease.
AB  - Platelet aggregation and bleeding time was measured in 43 cerebrovascular
      patients participating in a controlled double-blind study of low-dose
      acetylsalicylic acid. In 19 patients with satisfactory inhibition of the platelet
      aggregation obtained by 50 to 70 mg acetylsalicylic acid per day the bleeding
      time averaged 11.2 minutes in contrast to 7.0 minutes in the placebo group, p
      less than 0.001. This study confirms our previous findings of platelet inhibition
      by low-dose acetylsalicylic acid in patients with cerebrovascular disease. The
      prolongation of the bleeding time demonstrates that we are dealing not merely
      with an in vitro phenomenon but with a significant in vivo effect. The study
      provides the rationale for clinical evaluations of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid
      in stroke prophylaxis.

PMID- 6367155
TI  - On the American connections of Lady Mary Page whose last illness is described by
      the "Gold-Headed Cane".

PMID- 6367156
TI  - Alfred N. Richards and the discovery of the mechanism of urine formation.

PMID- 6367157
TI  - College portraits: the men on the walls--IV. Horatio C Wood.

PMID- 6367158
TI  - Samuel Booth Sturgis 1891-1983.

PMID- 6367159
TI  - William U. McClenahan 1899-1983.

PMID- 6367160
TI  - Lymphocytic bronchitis unrelated to acute graft-versus-host disease in canine
      marrow graft recipients.
AB  - We reviewed coded autopsy material from 71 dogs, 46 receiving allogeneic and 25
      receiving autologous bone marrow transplants, to evaluate the hypothesis that
      lymphocytic bronchitis is associated with severe acute graft-versus-host disease
      (GVHD). We found no significant correlation between the presence of lymphocytic
      bronchitis and severe acute GVHD (P greater than 0.16). Using a binary regression
      model that corrected for possible confounding relationships, we failed to show a
      correlation between lymphocytic bronchitis and acute GVHD of each of the 3
      classically affected organ systems. Also, no correlation was found between
      lymphocytic bronchitis and acute bacterial pneumonia (P greater than 0.32).
      Finally, lymphocytic bronchitis was present in autografted dogs with a prevalence
      at autopsy not significantly different from that of allografted dogs (P greater
      than 0.32). We conclude that lymphocytic bronchitis in this canine model
      represents nonspecific inflammation rather than acute pulmonary GVHD.

PMID- 6367161
TI  - Effect of plasma proteins and buffer in flushing solutions on rat kidney
      preservation by cold storage.
AB  - The isolated rat kidney perfused at 37 C was used to evaluate the effect of
      adding plasma proteins to, and varying osmolality of, cold-storage flushing
      solutions with or without buffering. Addition of albumin improved immediate
      poststorage kidney function (glomerular filtration rate [GFR], fractional sodium
      reabsorption, and fractional protein clearance) of all flushing solutions tested
      after 6 hr and 24 hr of storage. At 6 hr, these improvements also correlated with
      less weight gain. Flushing solutions containing citrate and sulfate produced
      significantly better return of function after 24 hr of cold storage than Krebs'
      or Collins'-derived solutions. Osmolality was unimportant with solutions
      containing citrate. Collins' solution with reduced MgSO4 yielded better
      poststorage function than conventional solution. An all-citrate isotonic solution
      buffered with 15 mmol THAM preserved poststorage function at 48 hr better than a
      similarly buffered solution containing both citrate and sulfate. Loss of dry
      weight during storage and subsequent perfusion appeared to correlate, in these
      experiments, with loss of poststorage function. The isolated rat kidney provides
      discrimination among various flushing solutions. The technique might be useful in
      the assay of additional variables that might affect the quality of kidney
      preservation.

PMID- 6367162
TI  - High-dose methylprednisolone treatment for acute graft-versus-host disease after
      bone marrow transplantation in adults.
AB  - High-dose methylprednisolone (HDMP) was used to treat 18 episodes of severe
      (grades III and IV) acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) that developed after
      allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in 12 patients with acute leukemia and in
      2 with aplastic anemia. Most of the patients showed rapid improvement in GVHD,
      with complete resolution of the skin and gut manifestations. However, the
      response of liver disease to the treatment was slow and incomplete. Complications
      seen were interstitial pneumonia and fungal and viral infections. Seven patients
      survived for more than two months following the treatment of acute GVHD. Five of
      these became long-term survivors with a median survival of 22+ months (range 11
      38 months); all five long-term survivors developed chronic GVHD and are alive at
      the time of this report. It appears that HDMP is an effective treatment for
      severe acute GVHD. However, its true efficacy can only be ascertained in a
      randomized study comparing high-dose and conventional-dose methylprednisolone.

PMID- 6367163
TI  - Assessment of the risk for broad sensitization by blood transfusions.
AB  - The risk factors associated with the production of lymphocyte antibodies were
      studied by evaluating the conditions of sensitization in 73 renal failure
      patients and by searching for lymphocyte antibodies by flow cytometry before the
      induction of overt sensitization by blood transfusions. In 14 patients the
      lymphocytotoxic antibodies were not broadly reactive and became undetectable
      within 5 months. These patients were mostly first transplant candidates who
      received transfusions prior to the rise of panel antibody reactivity. The
      remaining 59 patients developed broadly reactive antibodies that persisted for
      longer than 5 months, regardless of whether or not they were given subsequent
      blood transfusions. This group was made up almost exclusively of multiparous
      women or patients who had previously lost a kidney graft. There were 13 patients
      having no lymphocytotoxic antibodies who developed broad sensitization after
      blood transfusions. These patients were also multiparous women or previously
      transplanted patients, suggesting that previous exposure to alloantigens by
      transplants or pregnancies appeared to be a precondition for blood transfusions
      to induce broad sensitization. This was confirmed by detecting lymphocyte
      antibodies by flow cytometry in the pretransfusion serum of 9 of the 13 patients.
      In contrast, patients who did not make antibodies after transfusions, or those
      who developed temporary responses, did not have lymphocyte antibodies in their
      pretransfusion specimens. These findings suggest that patients with low levels of
      lymphocyte antibodies, not detectable by standard cytotoxicity, are at high risk
      of developing broadly reactive cytotoxic antibodies after blood transfusions.

PMID- 6367164
TI  - Successful removal and prevention of resynthesis of anti-HLA antibody.
AB  - The successful removal and prevention of the resynthesis of an anti-HLA antibody
      by plasma exchange and immunosuppression in a patient awaiting renal
      transplantation is described. Before treatment, the patient's serum contained a
      high titer (greater than 1/50) anti-HLA antibody that reacted with 94% of our
      lymphocyte donor panel and produced positive cross matches with the lymphocytes
      from 40 cadaver kidneys. Following treatment, her anti-HLA titers fell to less
      than 1/10 and her sera reacted with 43% of our lymphocyte donor panel and
      produced negative crossmatches with lymphocytes from the first two cadaver kidney
      donors she was tested against. She was successfully transplanted with the second
      of these kidneys and is now well eight months later, with good graft function.

PMID- 6367165
TI  - The association of pretransplant native nephrectomy with decreased renal
      allograft rejection.
AB  - Analysis of 2808 first and 823 second or subsequent cadaveric renal allograft
      recipients transplanted between June 1977 and July 1982 as part of the
      Southeastern Organ Procurement Foundation (SEOPF) Prospective Study was performed
      to determine the influence of pretransplant bilateral native nephrectomy (BNN) on
      graft and patient outcome. A highly significant increase in overall graft
      survival was associated with BNN in first transplant recipients (P less than
      0.003) but not in regrafted patients. However, no increased graft survival was
      seen in patients receiving BNN at the time of the transplant operation.
      Interestingly, the improvement in graft survival associated with BNN appeared to
      be the result of a significant decrease in the incidence of graft loss caused by
      rejection--and especially accelerated acute rejection (P less than 0.007).
      Comparing actuarial graft survival for first graft recipients that had BNN prior
      to transplantation (n = 434) with those who had no nephrectomy (n = 2240) showed
      differences of 62% +/- 3 vs. 52% +/- 1 and 46% +/- 3 vs. 38% +/- 2 at one and
      three years, respectively. Analysis of first graft survival stratified for other
      factors known to influence outcome showed that the beneficial influence of BNN
      was independent of transfusion status or the number of transfusions given, use of
      antilymphocyte serum, pretransplant splenectomy, HLA match, or time on dialysis.
      The most striking increase in graft survival associated with BNN was seen in
      patients with evidence of presensitization as manifested by a positive panel
      reactive antibody (PRA) and in patients having delayed function (ATN)
      posttransplantation. The beneficial association of BNN was also found to be
      independent of the primary cause of renal failure or the specific indication
      leading to nephrectomy. These results suggest that patients receiving native
      bilateral nephrectomy prior to transplantation have a reduced incidence of graft
      loss from rejection by some as yet unexplained mechanism.

PMID- 6367166
TI  - Correlation of humoral immunity to Lewis blood group antigens with renal
      transplant rejection.
AB  - Recent studies suggest that the Lewis blood group antigens are important for
      human renal transplantation. A possible mechanism by which Lewis blood group
      incompatibility could influence allograft rejection was investigated by measuring
      Lewis antibodies in sera from renal transplant recipients and appropriate
      controls using conventional hemagglutination and a sensitive and specific kinetic
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (k-ELISA). The two methods yielded identical
      results with 14 positive control sera known to contain Lewis antibodies and with
      43 sera from negative controls. Antibody was not detected in 16 Lewis-positive
      transplant patients. However, antibody was detected by k-ELISA in 4/11 Lewis
      negative transplant candidates and in 8/8 Lewis-negative recipients of Lewis
      incompatible grafts. All 8 grafts were rejected. The one Lewis-negative recipient
      of a Lewis-negative graft did not develop Lewis antibody nor reject his graft. Of
      the 12 renal patients in whom antibody was detected by k-ELISA, in only 4 was
      antibody also demonstrable by hemagglutination. These results indicate that
      hemagglutination may not be sensitive enough for antibody detection and that
      Lewis antibodies may play a role in renal allograft rejection.

PMID- 6367167
TI  - Quantitative fluorescence analysis of cyclosporine binding to human leukocytes.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to estimate the binding of cyclosporine at
      the single-cell level on human peripheral lymphocytes, and to test possible
      identity of the cyclosporine-binding site with a common receptor of T cell
      activation. A dansyl-coupled derivative (Dans cyclosporine) was used as a
      fluorescent probe. The histograms of unseparated, labeled peripheral leukocytes
      obtained by a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) showed that Dans
      cyclosporine stained all leukocytes--but two distinct populations could be
      separated based on the intensity of fluorescence. The more brightly labeled cells
      consisted mainly of granulocytes and monocytes, whereas the less-bright cells
      represented the lymphocyte compartment. Fluorescence microscopy revealed binding
      on the membrane for both cell populations; the label was, however, rapidly
      internalized in phagocytes. For both populations binding was saturable, time and
      temperature dependent, and reversible. Half-saturation occurred at approximately
      5 X 10(-7) M (Kd). With respect to lymphocyte subpopulations, no difference of
      cellular fluorescence was found between unseparated lymphocytes and T cell
      subsets. In addition, mitogens such as concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin,
      phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, or OKT3 antibody did not inhibit Dans
      cyclosporine binding. These results clearly indicate that cyclosporine binds to
      all peripheral blood lymphocytes, and no preferential binding on T cell subsets
      can be detected.

PMID- 6367168
TI  - Liver transplantation followed by high-dose cyclophosphamide, total-body
      irradiation, and autologous bone marrow transplantation for treatment of
      metastatic breast cancer. A case report.

PMID- 6367169
TI  - Unsuspected donor pseudomonas infection causing arterial disruption after renal
      transplantation.

PMID- 6367170
TI  - Plasma exchange in chronic renal allograft rejection.

PMID- 6367171
TI  - Transfer of the beneficial blood transfusion effect on rat renal allograft
      survival by spleen isografts.

PMID- 6367172
TI  - Segmental pancreatic allograft survival in primates treated with total-body or
      lymphoid irradiation and peroperative blood transfusions.

PMID- 6367173
TI  - [Ultrastructural characteristics of a monolayer culture of pancreatic islet cells
      from pig fetuses].
AB  - B-, A- and D-insulocytes have been identified by electron microscopy as early as
      the first 24 h of cultivation. After 3-5 days of the culture growth the B-cells
      displayed development of the endoplasm net, hypertrophy of the Golgi apparatus
      and an increased number of vacuoles and granule-like formations. When the time of
      cultivation was prolonged (7-12 days), in the B-cell cytoplasm there appeared
      signs of increasing dystrophic changes indicative of cell ageing.

PMID- 6367174
TI  - [Hearing receptor of the white rat].
AB  - The cochlea of albino rats was studied on the fresh and fixed but not dehydrated
      specimens, as well as on radial sections of Epon embedded material, and by
      scanning electron microscopy. Obtaining sections of the non-dehydrated tectorial
      membrane made it possible to reconstruct its shape and position with respect to
      the organ of Corti and sulcus spiralis. The quantitative description of geometry
      of the tectorial membrane is given in addition to that of the surface of the
      organ of Corti and of bundles of stereocilies of both outer and inner hair cells.
      The three parts of the cochlea are shown (apical, medial and basal) to manifest
      characteristic gradients of the analyzed parameters.

PMID- 6367175
TI  - [Activity of the DNA repair enzyme uracil-DNA-glycosylase in mammalian species
      differing in longevity and the level of liver cell ploidy].
AB  - The activity of uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) was studied for livers of 13
      mammalian species belonging to four orders. DNA contents were also measured in
      isolated hepatocytes. The enzymatic activity was shown to increase with the
      increase in the mean ploidy of liver parenchymal cells. The activity of UDG was
      20 times as high when the mean liver cell ploidy of different mammalian species
      doubled. A reverse dependence between the UDG activity and species life spans is
      also revealed.

PMID- 6367177
TI  - [Severe constipation caused by a fasting diet].

PMID- 6367176
TI  - Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor of the ovary with heterologous elements and carcinoid:
      an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study.
AB  - A Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor of the ovary is described in which there were
      heterologous elements consisting of enteric cysts and an evolving carcinoid.
      Endocrine cells in the cysts and carcinoid were found to contain gastrin and
      other polypeptide hormones. Aspects of the organization of the enteric
      epithelium, its histogenesis, and the possible relationship of this tumor to
      other cystic ovarian neoplasms are discussed.

PMID- 6367178
TI  - [Fibrinolytic intervention in acute myocardial infarction].

PMID- 6367179
TI  - [Chronic lymphatic leukemia. A review of recent examination methods].

PMID- 6367180
TI  - [Captopril (Capoten) in the treatment of heart insufficiency].

PMID- 6367181
TI  - Ultrasonic doppler spectral broadening in the diagnosis of internal carotid
      artery stenosis.
AB  - In a clinical study, 78 carotid bifurcations were examined by pulsed Doppler
      ultrasonography and X-ray arteriography. Maximum Doppler frequencies greater than
      or equal to 3 kHz diagnosed stenoses of greater than or equal to 25% diameter
      reduction with a sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 79%. A quantitative
      analysis of the degree of spectral broadening was obtained from the ratio of the
      maximum to mean frequency at peak systole and improved the sensitivity and
      specificity to 90% and 98% respectively. All vessels greater than 40% stenosis
      were correctly classified as stenosed and all less than 20% stenosis were
      classified as normal.

PMID- 6367182
TI  - Bibliography of biomedical ultrasound from 1 January 1971. No. 39.

PMID- 6367183
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the results of kidney washing with various solutions
      in its preparation for non-perfusion preservation under experimental conditions].

PMID- 6367184
TI  - [Immunodiagnosis and immunotherapy of bladder tumors].

PMID- 6367185
TI  - [Memorable anniversary dates in the history of urology and allied sciences in
      1984].

PMID- 6367186
TI  - Unipapillary kidney: a case report and literature review.
AB  - The congenital variant of the unipapillary kidney is associated with an abnormal
      contralateral kidney and frequently with anomalies of other systems as well. An
      additional case is presented and a review of the literature is discussed.

PMID- 6367187
TI  - Old medical instruments.

PMID- 6367188
TI  - Shusruta of India: pioneer in vesicolithotomy.

PMID- 6367189
TI  - Tumor markers in bladder cancer.

PMID- 6367191
TI  - Histopathology of bladder cancer and dysplasia.

PMID- 6367190
TI  - Proliferative activity of urothelium and tumors of renal pelvis, ureter, and
      urinary bladder evaluated by thymidine labeling.

PMID- 6367192
TI  - Clinical applications of DNA flow cytometry for bladder tumors.

PMID- 6367193
TI  - Chromosomal rearrangements in bladder cancer.

PMID- 6367194
TI  - Intravesical instillation of adriamycin in treatment of bladder cancer. A review.

PMID- 6367195
TI  - Platinum analogs as potential new drugs for bladder cancer.

PMID- 6367196
TI  - [A needle for sutures in otorhinolaryngological operations].

PMID- 6367197
TI  - [The upper respiratory tract and bronchial asthma].

PMID- 6367198
TI  - [Etiopathogenesis of disorders of bronchial blood flow and their surgical
      correction (review of the literature].

PMID- 6367200
TI  - [Variants of surgical treatment of duodenal ulcer in organ-saving operations on
      the stomach].
AB  - On the basis of experimental investigations and clinical observations the authors
      recommend technical modes allowing to cover a low bleeding duodenal ulcer by the
      walls of the stomach and duodenum. Variants of draining operations (gastroduodeno
      jejunoanastomosis, gastroduodenostomy) with simultaneous vagotomy are described
      in detail.

PMID- 6367199
TI  - [Surgical tactics in acute hemorrhage from the upper segments of the digestive
      tract].
AB  - Results of diagnosis and treatment of 1337 patients with esophageal and
      gastroduodenal hemorrhages were analyzed. The diagnostic and curative endoscopy
      is recommended. Variants of tactics of the operative and conservative treatment
      are proposed for the conditions of specialized hospitals of emergency medical
      service.

PMID- 6367201
TI  - [Plastic surgery of the arteries using autologous veins in free transplantation
      of combined flaps with microvascular anastomoses].
AB  - On the basis of their personal experience with 63 transfers of compound skin-fat
      and skin-muscle flaps on microvascular anastomoses the authors give an estimation
      of using the autovein (eight observations) for plasty of the artery of the flap
      vascular pedicle. The authors describe indications for using the autovein,
      methods and technique of its formation. It was shown that there was no direct
      dependence of unsatisfactory results on using the autovenous plasty of the
      artery. They were found to result from not correct formation of the flap.

PMID- 6367202
TI  - [Surgical treatment of unstable femoral neck fractures].
AB  - Results of the treatment of 378 patients with unstable fracture of the femur neck
      were analyzed. The authors recommend to use osteosynthesis with a three-blade rod
      with an additional fixation by a lateral plank and screws to the femur diaphysis
      combined with osseous allotransplant introduced parallel to the metallic fixator.
      The follow-up studies for 6 years have shown the false joint to be formed in 5%
      of the patients operated by the proposed method while osteosynthesis by a three
      blade rod only gave it in 23,8% of cases.

PMID- 6367203
TI  - The Royal Counties Veterinary Association 1883-1983.

PMID- 6367204
TI  - Does the use of chloramphenicol in animals jeopardise the treatment of human
      infections?
AB  - It has been suggested that the therapeutic use of oral chloramphenicol in animals
      is liable to select resistance to antibiotics and that the resistance may
      jeopardise the treatment of infections in man. At present this risk appears
      minimal; resistance to chloramphenicol in animal bacteria may well be selected by
      the increasing use of semi-synthetic penicillins because of linkage between genes
      coding for production of beta-lactamase and resistance to chloramphenicol. Among
      salmonellae, the strains causing enteric fever have no animal reservoir and the
      few food poisoning incidents in man that require therapy can be treated with
      antibacterial agents such as trimethoprim. Chloramphenicol is not now the
      antibiotic of choice for any human infection except perhaps a few caused by
      Haemophilus influenzae. Resistance to antibiotics in 'human' cultures has largely
      been selected by the use of antibiotics in human medicine. Control of
      salmonellosis is essentially a public health, not a therapeutic problem.

PMID- 6367205
TI  - In vitro packaging of mature phage DNA by Salmonella phage P22.
AB  - Mature, headful-sized DNA extracted from the Salmonella phages P22 and L, and
      P22/L-hybrid phages can be encapsulated in vitro by means of a packaging system
      for exogenous DNA. The probability of packaging reaches about 10(-3) per headful
      sized molecule. The absence of in vitro recombination was demonstrated, to
      eliminate the possibility that such a process had created concatemers. The
      endonucleolytic cut at the pac site, which initiates sequential packaging in
      vivo, does not occur with the mature DNA substrate in vitro. The position of pac
      on the molecule is not important but the pac-recognizing phage protein gp3 is
      indispensable for in vitro encapsulation.

PMID- 6367206
TI  - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in the complex treatment of patients with injuries of the
      extremities (review of the literature)].

PMID- 6367207
TI  - [Effect of mineral waters on secretion of insulin and gastrin and blood glucose
      levels of duodenal ulcer patients and rats with experimental ulcers].

PMID- 6367208
TI  - [Fibronectins (review)].
AB  - The most important studies on fibronectins (FN) carried out within the recent 5-7
      years are reviewed. The FN localization in cells and tissues is considered and
      various functions of FN are discussed. Characterization of chemical structure,
      physical parameters and properties of the glycoprotein are briefly considered.
      Complex-formation ability of FN is discussed.

PMID- 6367209
TI  - [Concentration of hormones in the blood of patients with diseases of the
      gastrointestinal tract in the postoperative period and the effect of
      hemosorption].
AB  - Concentrations of cortisol, renin, insulin, thyrocalcitonin were increased and
      those of triiodothyronine and testosterone were decreased within 1-2 days of a
      postoperative period. The degree of impairment of content of the hormones
      correlated with severity of the disease (the most distinct alterations were noted
      in fatal outcome). Normalization of the hormonal patterns within the first week
      indicated the favourable course of the disease. In generalized pyoperitoneum a
      number of hormones wer eliminated from blood after haemosorption: cortisol,
      aldosterone, triiodothyronine, dehydroepiandrosterone, insulin, thyrotropic
      hormone, testosterone. The content of adrenal gland hormones was rapidly
      restored. Other hormones (insulin, thyrotropic hormone, testosterone) apparently
      had to be administered in the course of therapy. Increases in renin activity, in
      content of blood somatotropin and thyrocalcitonin appear to be adaptive reactions
      in response to elimination during haemosorption of a number of biologically
      active substances.

PMID- 6367210
TI  - [Isolation and quantitative analysis of ATP, synthesized by preparations of
      enriched plasma membrane portions from various tissues in the presence of insulin
      and somatotropin].
AB  - A transiently existent ATP, synthesized by the preparation enriched with
      plasmatic membranes of particles from rat skeletal muscles in presence of insulin
      4 micrograms/ml and somatotropin 10-22 micrograms/ml within 1 min after addition
      of the hormones at 30 degrees, was isolated by means of chromatography on Dowex
      1X8. The ATP was synthesized in a medium containing Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.5, ADP,
      Mg2+ and P1 during NADH-dependent oxidation in presence of cytochrome c and
      oxygen; amount of the ATP was 0.1-0.3 nmole/mg/min. This form of ATP was isolated
      from particles enriched with plasmatic membranes and from plasmatic membranes of
      rat adipocytes, lymphocytes and liver tissue as well as of human erythrocytes
      within 1 min after addition of insulin into the mixture. The highest insulin
      stimulated ATP-producing activity was found in plasmatic membranes of rat
      adipocytes--7.45 nmole/mg/min. Radiolabelled ATP, in presence of insulin
      transiently synthesized from ADP and 32P, was isolated from the preparation of
      human erythrocyte plasmatic membranes. Conditions of insulin-stimulated formation
      of the transient ATP in the preparation of human erythrocyte plasmatic membranes
      were studied.

PMID- 6367211
TI  - The history of PPSB.

PMID- 6367212
TI  - Evidence of autonomous red cell expression of Xga antigen in human bone marrow
      transplantation.
AB  - Human bone marrow transplant chimeras afford the opportunity to determine whether
      a red blood cell antigen is autonomously controlled. Evaluation of an Xg(a-)
      recipient and an Xg(a+) recipient, each transplanted with bone marrow of donors
      of opposite Xga types, shows that the Xga antigen is of the donor type following
      transplantation. This indicates that the Xga antigen is controlled by the red
      blood cell, and confirms earlier studies in natural chimeras.

PMID- 6367213
TI  - The discovery of the Gc system.

PMID- 6367214
TI  - [Application of mass-height relations in clinical medicine (review of the
      literature)].

PMID- 6367215
TI  - [Factors governing pharmacokinetic characteristics during aging (review of the
      literature)].

PMID- 6367216
TI  - [Nature of the hepatotoxic action of isoniazid (review of the literature)].

PMID- 6367217
TI  - [History of scientific studies in nephrology in the Ukraine].

PMID- 6367218
TI  - [Exogenous hypercorticism (review of the literature)].

PMID- 6367219
TI  - [Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis].

PMID- 6367220
TI  - [Cross transmission of a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus in the genus
      Dendrolimus].

PMID- 6367221
TI  - [Highly active hyperimmune sera to H2N2 viruses devoid of nonspecific
      inhibitors].

PMID- 6367222
TI  - [Duodenal stenosis].

PMID- 6367223
TI  - [Immunohistochemical detection of prostaglandins using immunoperoxidase (PAP)
      exemplified by a human tumor tissue].
AB  - The possibility of detecting prostaglandins by means of indirect immunoperoxidase
      method is reported allowing a differentiation between actual synthesis and
      inactive metabolites. This technique allows the detection of all important
      prostaglandins in tissue samples and opens a new route for discovery of
      prostaglandin synthesis profile of a particular cell type or the electron
      microscopical localization. Its application in normal and pathological tissue
      structures will assess the patho-diagnostic value of this new method in the near
      future.

PMID- 6367224
TI  - [Dermatopathology today--current perspectives].
AB  - In recent years dermatopathology has experienced a dynamic development and
      acquired highly original aspects. Even today it is possible with classical
      histomorphology and clinical observation to discover new diseases, to recognize
      etiopathogenetic relationships and to give an important impetus to modern
      experimental research. The application of immunohistological techniques to the
      diagnosis of skin diseases is one of the most remarkable trends.

PMID- 6367225
TI  - [IgM diagnosis in syphilis serology].
AB  - The methods in use for the detection of T pallidum-specific antibodies in human
      sera are the 19S-(IgM-)FTA-ABS and the IgM-SPHA test. Encouraging results have
      been obtained with the IgM-ELISA-TP technique using new antigens. The development
      of the different methods up to the present time are described. The margin of
      error is low, 3.4% of the 19S-(IgM-)-FTA-ABS results are false-positive and 3.6%
      false-negative, the respective figures for the IgM-SPAH test are 1% (false
      positive) and 8% (false-negative). The agreement with the clinical diagnosis is
      excellent in the secondary stage (94 to 95% reactivity), the reasons for lower
      rates in the primary and late phases are discussed. The half-life period of
      reactivity after adequate treatment amounts to 2 to 6 months in all stages except
      for the IgM-SPHA test in neurosyphilis, where reactivity remains for 24 months
      (mean value) due to the production of autoantibodies.

PMID- 6367226
TI  - [Comparison of the effects of diflunisal, ibuprofen and placebo in chronic
      polyarthritis].
AB  - Diflunisal, a new nonsteroidal, Aspirin-like anti-inflammatory agent has been
      compared with Ibuprofen und Placebo in a six-week double-blind randomized
      crossover controlled study in 24 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. There was a
      statistically significant improvement for all variables while on Diflunisal and
      Ibuprofen. Adverse reactions were seen in each of the three treatment groups.
      Clinical determinations and physiological examinations gave no indication of any
      potential harm from therapy with Diflunisal.

PMID- 6367227
TI  - [Sandor Ferenczi's theoretical achievement].
AB  - The Hungarian Sandor Ferenczi has not only been a very close friend of Sigmund
      Freud and an outstanding representative of the psychoanalytic movement, but also
      an excellent man of early "Tiefenpsychologie". In the most valuable part of his
      research - the investigation of the sense of reality - he made a step into future
      tendencies of psychoanalysis, the ego-psychoanalysis. He was able to modify the
      analytic technique, a fact which in those days caused quite a bit of criticism by
      the psychoanalytic movement and by Freud himself too.

PMID- 6367228
TI  - Elsie Field: portrait of a physician.

PMID- 6367229
TI  - A review of female ejaculation and the Grafenberg spot.
AB  - A review of recent works related to the concept of female ejaculation, defined as
      a partial, infertile homologue to male ejaculation, indicated that we have
      insufficient evidence to accept or reject the concept on scientific grounds. The
      claim that "female ejaculate" is similar to semen from a vasectomized male is
      without foundation. Although recent discussion of female ejaculation has tended
      to focus on whether or not the fluid sometimes expelled from the urethra upon
      orgasm is invariably urine, the Bartholin's glands are another potential source
      of orgasmic expulsions which could properly be called "female ejaculate."
      "Grafenberg spot" is a neologism referring to an area which some women report is
      erotically sensitive when massaged via the anterior vaginal wall. "Urethral
      sponge" is another term which seems to refer to this anatomical/phenomenological
      reality. The relationship between stimulation of this area and subsequent
      orgasmic expulsion has yet to be studied systematically.

PMID- 6367230
TI  - Strictures of the intrahepatic bile ducts.

PMID- 6367231
TI  - Hepatic hemobilia of traumatic or iatrogenic origin: recent advances in diagnosis
      and therapy, review of the literature from 1976 to 1981.

PMID- 6367232
TI  - Caroli's disease.

PMID- 6367233
TI  - Liver transplantation for biliary atresia.

PMID- 6367234
TI  - Hepatic transplantation and biliary atresia: early experience in eight patients.

PMID- 6367235
TI  - Complications of the Swan-Ganz catheter.

PMID- 6367236
TI  - Hepatolithiasis: present status.

PMID- 6367237
TI  - Diabetes mellitus and the exocrine pancreas.
AB  - Diabetes and carbohydrate intolerance can occur in pancreatitis. Although one
      half of patients with acute pancreatitis will have some evidence of glucose
      intolerance during their acute illness, few will require insulin administration
      on either a short- or long-term basis. The diabetes seen in acute pancreatitis is
      likely due to a combination of factors, including alerted insulin secretion,
      increased glucagon release, and decreased glucose utilization by the liver and
      peripheral tissue. Chronic pancreatitis is often associated with diabetes
      mellitus, with the incidence as high as 70 percent when pancreatic calcification
      is present. These patients tend to be very sensitive to the effects of insulin
      and hypoglycemia. This is probably secondary to concurrent hepatic disease,
      malnutrition, and a relative decrease in glucagon reserves. The diabetes seen in
      chronic pancreatitis is associated with decreased insulin production. Finally,
      although the endocrine pancreas may influence the exocrine gland through a portal
      system, primary diabetes mellitus probably does not result in clinically
      significant alterations in pancreatic exocrine function.

PMID- 6367239
TI  - [Recommendations of the Society of Perinatal Medicine of East Germany for the
      treatment of respiratory insufficiency in premature and newborn infants].

PMID- 6367238
TI  - The acetylcholine receptor as a cellular receptor for rabies virus.
AB  - Characterization of specific host cell receptors for enveloped viruses is a
      difficult problem because many enveloped viruses bind to a variety of substrates
      which are not obviously related to tissue tropisms in the intact host. Viruses
      with a limited cellular tropism in infected animals present useful models for
      studying the mechanisms by which virus attachment regulates the disease process.
      Rabies virus is a rhabdovirus which exhibits a marked neuronotropism in infected
      animals. Limited data suggest that spread occurs by transsynaptic transfer of
      virus. The results of recent experiments at Yale suggest that viral antigen is
      localized very soon after injection at neuromuscular junctions, the motor nerve
      endings on muscle tissue. On cultured muscle cells, similar co-localization with
      the acetylcholine receptor is seen both before and after virus multiplication.
      Pretreatment of these cells with some ligands of the acetylcholine receptor
      results in reduced viral infection. These findings suggest that a
      neurotransmitter receptor or a closely associated molecule may serve as a
      specific host cell receptor for rabies virus and thus may be responsible for the
      tissue tropism exhibited by this virus. In addition to clarifying aspects of
      rabies virus pathogenesis, these studies have broad implications regarding the
      mechanism by which other viruses or viral immunizations might mediate autoimmune
      diseases such as myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 6367240
TI  - [Pesticides as cancer risk].
AB  - Pesticides and impurities of theirs with sufficient or limited evidence of
      carcinogenicity in experimental animals are reviewed. These facts are completed
      by epidemiological results, obtained from investigations on occupational and
      municipal exposure to pesticides. The cancer risk deriving from occupational
      exposure to pesticides is generally low. At present no methods are available, to
      elicit the carcinogenic effect of pesticides on the whole population.

PMID- 6367241
TI  - [Immunohistochemical findings in intrathoracic tumors. II. Demonstration of alpha
      1-antitrypsin in tumor tissue].
AB  - Immunohistological investigations for demonstration of alpha 1-antitrypsin were
      undertaken in different intrathoracic tumors. 60% of them showed deposits of
      alpha 1-antitrypsin in tumor tissue. Among different histological types,
      bronchial carcinomas showed the highest percentage of positive findings (= 75%).
      Negative findings were observed in carcinoid tumors and different neurogenic
      tumors.

PMID- 6367242
TI  - [The effect of solvents on the respiratory tract - review of the literature with
      special reference to aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons and toluene, styrene and
      alcohol].

PMID- 6367243
TI  - [Medical history impressions of Karl Marx 1983].
AB  - Excerpts of his London era first published on the occasion of the Karl Marx
      testimonials of 1983 gave rise to extend the memory of the fundamental
      achievements of Karl Marx to medico-historical aspects. In this case Karl Marx
      paid special attention to the working and living conditions of the working class
      and an analysis of his adequate statements and records shows multifarious details
      which give a research basis also for the history of medicine. Marx and Engels had
      friendly contacts with several physicians who shared the opinions of the two
      classics: their way of life is shown in the most important points.

PMID- 6367244
TI  - [Immunomodulation using an epidermal cytokine (ETAF)].
AB  - Tissue cultures of freshly isolated murine and human keratinocytes as well as
      transformed keratinocyte cell lines secret a cytokine, epidermal cell derived
      thymocyte activating factor (ETAF), which augments in vitro lymphoproliferative
      responses. Keratinocytes produce increased levels of ETAF activity after exposure
      to a variety of cell damaging agents such as silica, endotoxin, phorbol esters,
      hydroxyurea, mechanical disruption and UV-irradiation. Biochemical studies showed
      that ETAF is a heat- and pH-stable low molecular weight (15K) protein which is
      produced in low amounts and active at low (10(-10)-10(-15) M) concentration. The
      most important biological property of ETAF is an antigen non specific stimulation
      of the immunological system. ETAF in conjunction with the antigen presenting
      function of Langerhans cells results in an activation of T-lymphocytes and
      increased production of lymphokines such as Interleukin 2, which is responsible
      for the activation of T- and B-lymphocytes. In addition ETAF is chemotactic for
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes and natural killer cells and is directly
      mitogenic for fibroblasts. When injected into mice ETAF induces production of
      acute phase proteins such as Serum Amyloid A. Furthermore ETAF may act as an
      endogenous pyrogen and induce fever. According to its biochemical characteristics
      and biological properties ETAF can not be separated from the macrophage derived
      Interleukin 1(IL 1), suggesting that both ETAF and IL 1 are identical. These
      findings indicate that production of IL 1-like molecules is not confined to cells
      of the immunological system and ETAF production by keratinocytes may have
      important implications in the pathogenesis of inflammatory as well as neoplastic
      skin diseases.

PMID- 6367245
TI  - [Effect of the alpha 1-receptor blocker prazosin and the beta 1-receptor blocker
      acebutolol and their combination on blood pressure and pressure rate product.
      Ergometric studies of hypertensive patients].
AB  - The cardiovascular risk of hypertension depends not only on blood pressure under
      resting conditions, but particularly on blood pressure increases induced by daily
      physical and emotional activity. Therefore, the ability of the beta 1-receptor
      antagonist acebutolol (400 mg/day) and of the alpha 1-receptor antagonist
      prazosin (4 mg/day) to reduce exercise-induced increases in blood pressure and
      pressure-rate product during and after standardized ergometric work (50-100 W)
      was compared in an intrapatient study including 20 outpatients with arterial
      hypertension (WHO stage 1-2) aged 29-55 years. Both drugs resulted in a
      significant reduction of systolic (p less than 0.01) and diastolic (p less than
      0.001) blood pressure at rest. However, systolic blood pressure (p less than
      0.001) and pressure-rate product (p less than 0.001) during exercise were only
      significantly reduced by acebutolol. The strongest blood pressure lowering effect
      under all conditions could be achieved by the combination of prazosin and
      acebutolol. From these findings it is concluded that: (1) beta-adrenoreceptor
      blocking agents are the drugs of first choice in the baseline therapy of mild to
      moderate arterial hypertension, and (2) prazosin potentiates the antihypertensive
      effect of beta-blocking agents. This therapeutic regimen is recommended
      especially for hypertensives with ischemic heart disease, because prazosin fails
      to reduce pressure-rate product as a measure of myocardial O2-consumption.

PMID- 6367246
TI  - [Cardiac effects of a single daily dose of 0.15 mg and 0.20 mg of beta
      methyldigoxin].
AB  - In this placebo-controlled study the cardiac effects of once daily doses of beta
      methyl digoxin 0.15 mg and 0.20 mg were evaluated using noninvasive methods. In
      double-blind fashion, 3 groups of 15 healthy volunteers each took 0.15 mg, or
      0.20 mg beta-methyl digoxin, or placebo for a period of 14 days. On the first 2
      days, all volunteers received a double amount of tablets for digoxin loading.
      Before the start of the study and 12 h after the last dose, the following
      parameters were recorded: electrocardiogram (QTc, T wave amplitude), systolic
      time intervals (STI) (QS2c, PEP, PEPc, LVETc), and impedance cardiogram (Heather
      index). The mean digoxin serum concentrations were 0.648 ng/ml and 0.975 ng/ml
      respectively for the two doses. The typical glycoside effects were seen and there
      was shortening of the STI (QS2c: - 12 ms/ - 14 ms resp.), flattening of the T
      wave, and a rise in the Heather index. The variations between baseline values and
      the 2 doses were statistically significant (p less than 0.05). In most
      parameters, the more intense effects corresponded with the higher serum level
      from the 0.20 mg dose; however, the difference between the 2 doses was not
      statistically significant. In conclusion, the results of this study show that a
      positive digitalis effect is demonstrable following the relatively small dose of
      beta-methyl digoxin 0.15 mg once daily under long-term application in healthy
      volunteers.

PMID- 6367247
TI  - [Computer assisted determination of left-ventricular contraction abnormalities
      using two-dimensional echocardiography. I. Analysis various study methods and
      determination of normal values].
AB  - In 181 patients without signs of heart disease we determined the normal
      contraction pattern of the left ventricle in the echocardiographic 2- and 4
      chamber views by means of the shortening of 48 radiants and the changes of 5 pre
      defined areas. We used an extracardiac fixed axis reference system and an
      intracardiac floating reference system. We also calculated in 68 of the patients
      the interobserver variability of the data in each evaluation method. We
      demonstrated that the range of normal contraction and the reproducibility in the
      area-change method with a floating axis system was smaller compared to the radial
      shortening method. The interobserver variability in the 4-chamber view was better
      than in the 2-chamber view. Using the intracardiac fixed reference system in both
      methods, deviation from normal and interobserver variability was not acceptable
      for the detection of left ventricular wall motion abnormalities in both apical
      views. In general, we could also demonstrate that the interobserver variability
      was better and the range of deviation was smaller in the apical 4-chamber view
      than in the 2-chamber view. The practicability and quality of the apical
      projections were superior to the parasternal projections in the long and short
      axis. We conclude from our studies that left ventricular wall motion
      abnormalities in the echocardiographic 2- and 4-chamber views could best be
      demonstrated by using an area-change method with an intracardiac floating
      reference system.

PMID- 6367248
TI  - Antibodies against the alpha-factor pheromone of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - The mating pheromone of baker's yeast, the alpha-factor, is a dodeka
      /tridecapeptide, which is not antigenic by itself. It was coupled to succinylated
      thyroglobulin by the carbodiimide procedure to facilitate selective coupling of
      the alpha-factor mainly by its N-terminal region. Antibodies against this
      conjugate were raised in rabbits. After selective precipitation of the rabbit
      antiserum with succinylated carrier prior to the radial double diffusion test
      (Ouchterlony) specific antibodies against the coupled alpha-factor could be
      detected.

PMID- 6367249
TI  - [Limb-saving resection procedures in primary malignant bone tumors].
AB  - Thoroughly indicated and performed limb salvaging resections of primary malignant
      bone tumors can be as well affective as amputations and disarticulations.
      Possible limb salvaging operative procedures are described with regard to
      histodiagnosis grading, localisation, expansion of neoplasma as well as to the
      personality of the patient.

PMID- 6367250
TI  - [Reconstruction technics for ruptured rotator cuff].
AB  - The principal signs for the diagnosis of a ruptured rotator sheath are a painful
      arch and painful, restricted movement of the shoulder joint. The diagnosis is
      confirmed by arthrography. Surgical reconstruction is indicated only if prior
      conservative treatment has been unsuccessful. A variety of approaches to the
      rotator sheath are advocated. Of these, the posterior-superior incision described
      by Debeyre et al. is particularly worthy of consideration. This approach is
      especially suitable for more extensive ruptures. It is described here with
      modifications, including the various fixation methods used for rupture of the
      rotator sheaths in the authors' own patients. The results obtained by the authors
      are classified and compared with opinions expressed in the literature. It is
      emphasized that the procedure described is particularly suitable for
      reconstruction of ruptured rotator sheaths.

PMID- 6367251
TI  - [Determination of contact surfaces of the femoropatellar joint with reference to
      the localization of chondromalacia].
AB  - At 13 post-mortem-knees we investigated the patello-femoral contact area in
      different degrees of function, referring to the localization of chondromalacia.
      We found that the localization of chondromalacia didn't accord to the contact
      area in 50% of all cases. Possible other causes are discussed.

PMID- 6367252
TI  - [Toxicology of metals and biocompatibility of metallic implant materials].
AB  - Based on general toxicological knowledge and the notorious measurements of
      corrosion parameters this paper is an attempt to define the biocompatibility of
      metallic materials used for implantation in the human body. Mentioned are
      essentially those implant materials and its metallic elements which are
      subjectmatter of a standard specification. The previous experiences concerning
      "metal allergy" are shortly recapitulated. Model conceptions about the mechanisms
      of tissue reaction to metallic elements are indicated.

PMID- 6367253
TI  - [Systolic hypertension. Treatment with endralazine].

PMID- 6367254
TI  - [Neurophysiological aspects of thermoregulatory mechanisms of the spinal cord].

PMID- 6367255
TI  - [Occupational stress].

PMID- 6367256
TI  - One long step: Virginia nursing moves into the university setting.

PMID- 6367257
TI  - [Phlebography using low osmolar contrast media].

PMID- 6367258
TI  - [Local treatment with isosorbide dinitrate ointment in Raynaud's phenomenon].

PMID- 6367259
TI  - [Insulin secretion and intercellular communication within the endocrine
      pancreas].

PMID- 6367260
TI  - [Complement system in bullous and cicatricial pemphigoid].

PMID- 6367261
TI  - [Further study of the interaction between cellular elements of a chancre and
      Treponema pallidum].

PMID- 6367262
TI  - [Herpes in pregnant women].

PMID- 6367263
TI  - [Petr Vasil'evich Nikol'skii (on the 125th anniversary of his birth)].

PMID- 6367264
TI  - [Use of surface active agents for prevention of experimental syphilis].

PMID- 6367265
TI  - [Use of glycyram in the treatment of dermatoses].

PMID- 6367266
TI  - [Cicatricial pemphigoid of the mouth mucosa].

PMID- 6367267
TI  - [Performance of motor-driven, transmission, and rotary grinding instruments for
      dental preparation technics].

PMID- 6367268
TI  - [Reduced occlusion in the aged].

PMID- 6367269
TI  - [Testing technic studies of the rigidity of various construction designs of
      prosthetic bridges].

PMID- 6367270
TI  - [Wettability of dental nickel-chromium alloys by dental ceramic materials].

PMID- 6367271
TI  - [Use of samarium-cobalt magnets in prosthetics].

PMID- 6367272
TI  - The detection of A and B antigens on human hair by the absorption-elution
      technique using LISS and papain-treated test cells.
AB  - The absorption-elution technique with low ionic strength solution (LISS) and
      papain-treated test cells previously used for bloodstains was employed for the
      detection of ABO antigens on human hair. Antigen identification was always
      possible, with good intensity of agglutination, even in those cases where classic
      techniques had given false-negative results. It was possible to obtain positive
      results with fragments of human hair as small as 0.2 cm.

PMID- 6367273
TI  - [Comparative temperature measurement by thermoprobes and infrared pyrometry in
      the rewarming of frozen kidneys using short wave generators].
AB  - Mini pigs' kidneys were frozen to -20 degrees C after initial hypothermic
      perfusion and cryopreparation with dimethyl sulphoxide. They were subsequently
      thawed out with short-wave radiation. During this procedure continuous
      temperature measurement is only possible using infra-red pyrometry without
      physical contact. After completion of short-wave irradiation at ca. 4 degrees C
      the surface and internal temperatures are measured with thermoelements. In
      comparison with measurement by thermoprobes, infra-red pyrometry proves to be
      quite practicable, with certain limitations. If a homogeneous distribution of
      temperature in the organ is assumed; the internal temperature could be calculated
      from the surface temperature. Also, continuous observation of temperature changes
      ist possible.

PMID- 6367274
TI  - [Microsurgical blood vessel reconstruction in kidney transplantation].
AB  - Of 214 donor kidney transplants, 14.5% exhibited multiple arterial supply, 2.8%,
      injuries to vessels, and 1.8%, severance of the polar vessel. Microsurgical
      procedures were used on 14 of these kidneys; 11 functioned immediately, so that
      the patients could be discharged. Techniques of anastomosis using an operating
      microscope or magnifying spectacles are described.

PMID- 6367275
TI  - [The gurus come - implantation and reality].

PMID- 6367276
TI  - [Intramobile Konus implants].

PMID- 6367277
TI  - [Power struggle 50 years ago: a completely unhappy jubilee].

PMID- 6367278
TI  - [History of dentistry. Pierre Fauchard].

PMID- 6367279
TI  - [Synthetic crowns].

PMID- 6367280
TI  - [History of dentistry. Giuseppangelo Fonzi, 13 July 1768-31 August 1840].

PMID- 6367281
TI  - [Summary of developments in endodontics].

PMID- 6367282
TI  - [Is prosthetic care a professional service?].

PMID- 6367283
TI  - [Determination of material requirements for production of cast model prostheses].

PMID- 6367284
TI  - [Standardized methods for orthodontic appliances].

PMID- 6367285
TI  - [Standardized methods for specialized prosthetics].

PMID- 6367286
TI  - [Technology and clinical experiences with the Kern box slot attachment].

PMID- 6367287
TI  - [Findings on the surface conditions of Ni-Cr-Si-alloys used for plastic-metal
      bonding].

PMID- 6367289
TI  - [Production of a duplicate denture].

PMID- 6367288
TI  - [Clinical, materials-science and technological aspects of tooth-colored veneers].

PMID- 6367290
TI  - [Various factors for certain success in fixed dentures].

PMID- 6367291
TI  - [After care in the treatment of the Eichner groups C2 and C3].

PMID- 6367292
TI  - [Possibilities and aids for the improved measurement of cast clasps].

PMID- 6367293
TI  - [Further experimental studies on the direct crown technic].

PMID- 6367294
TI  - [The qualification of free-end bridges].

PMID- 6367295
TI  - [The functional shape of the masticatory surface in one-piece cast bridges].

PMID- 6367296
TI  - [The clinical improvement of various veneering systems].

PMID- 6367297
TI  - [The plastic base work up in the manufacturing of model cast prostheses].

PMID- 6367298
TI  - [1883-1983. Thoughts on the anniversary issue 177 of the Archiv fur Hygiene].

PMID- 6367299
TI  - [Qualitative and quantitative determination of bacterial populations in aquatic
      habitats. 5. Comparison of 2 rapid sand filters].
AB  - The bacterial examinations of raw water and the effluent of two rapid sand
      filters showed differences with respect to the colony count, the identified
      species and the activity of the isolated bacteria. The raw waters of the
      treatment plants Si and Me are originated from an oligotrophic artificial lake
      and from ground-water respectively. The two raw waters contained only low numbers
      of bacteria, whereas the effluents of the filters showed a considerable increase
      of the bacterial counts. The results indicate a development of microbial
      populations in the filters. Furthermore there were also differences between the
      two filters examined. The first one led to the growth of Pseudomonas- and
      Flavobacterium species, the second one to Flavobacterium, Chromobacterium and
      Acinetobacter species. Comparing the raw water and the effluent, a reduction of
      special and total physiological activities of the isolated bacteria could be
      observed in filter I, whereas there wasn't any change in filter II.

PMID- 6367301
TI  - [Mutagenicity of 3 organic fractions of atmospheric dust and gas chromatographic
      analysis of the basic fraction].
AB  - Suspended particulate matter (PM) with a Dae less than 0.4 micron was collected
      from July 1981 till January 1982. The ether/benzene soluble extract (EEOM) and
      the acidic, basic and neutral fractions were determined and investigated for
      their mutagenic activities in the Ames bioassay. In addition particles (Dae) less
      than 10.2 micron derived in January were investigated. Five compounds of the
      basic fraction were determined by gaschromatography. The following results were
      obtained: Suspended particulate matter (Dae less than 0.4 micron) and the
      ether/benzene extract increase from July to January. The lowest rates occur in
      July (PM: 16.9 micron/m3) and August (EEOM: 3.0 micrograms/m3), the highest in
      January (PM: 48.9 micrograms/m3, EEOM: 10.5 micrograms/m3). The ether/benzene
      soluble portion of the suspended particulate matter increases from the average
      rate of 16.3% (July-September) to 22.7% (November-January). The neutral fraction
      amounts to 44.9%, the acidic fraction to 27.3% and the basic fraction to 3.5% of
      the organic matter (on an average). In experiments with metabolic activation 99%
      of the total mutagenicity during the period of July till September can be
      demonstrated by summing up the mutagenicity of the three fractions on the other
      hand only 59.7% from November till January. The EEOMs derived from winter exhibit
      without metabolic activation (250 micrograms/plate) distinctively higher numbers
      of revertants than the single fractions. Dose-response curves of extracts derived
      from back-up filters (Dae less than 0.4 micron) in January show that the acidic
      fraction has a slightly higher mutagenic activity than the neutral fraction (mean
      values of tests with and without S9-mix). The basic fraction shows no
      mutagenicity without S9-mix, with activation the mutagenic activity is lower than
      that of the other fractions. Mutagenicity expressed as rev./m3 air shows, that
      the neutral fraction is most efficient. The number of revertants per plate
      reveals-in relation to the particle size-different results concerning the three
      fractions (January).

PMID- 6367300
TI  - [Effects of cadmium, zinc, lead and mercury on the growth and accumulating
      ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomycopsis lipolytica, Candida
      tropicalis, and Candida utilis].
AB  - The effects of cadmium, zinc, lead, and mercury on the growth and the
      accumulating ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomycopsis lipolytica,
      Candida tropicalis, and Candida utilis had been studied. Generally the
      experiments resulted in the following findings: Very small concentrations of
      cadmium and mercury already decrease the growth intensity of the yeasts by
      lengthening the lag period and the doubling time. The cell yield is not reduced.
      Zinc increases the productivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomycopsis
      lipolytica by shortening the lag period. The lead concentrations investigated
      show no significant influence on the growth. Low pH values intensify the
      effectiveness of the four heavy metals. The yeasts tested accumulate heavy
      metals, especially cadmium, to high concentrations and therefore substrates
      containing heavy metals are only limited suitable for the scp-production with
      yeasts.

PMID- 6367302
TI  - [Findings in the bronchopulmonary system of workers employed in the industrial
      production and processing of synthetic mineral fibers].
AB  - This paper reports on the evaluation of 21 epidemiological studies concerning
      investigations in the Man-Made Mineral Fibers (MMF) industries. First conditions
      of exposure were described. Concentrations of respirable fibers at the production
      and further treatment of MMF in older plants were in average about a few fibers
      per cm3, today in most cases remarkable below 1 fiber/cm3. In the old factories
      also there has been an exposure with very fine fibers with a diameter below 1
      micron and this is comparable from its amount with the conditions nowadays. About
      55000 workers exposed to MMF were investigated, most of them handling glass
      fibers. Several thousands of this workforce had a duration of exposure of 20
      years or more and a latency time of 30 years or more. No case of mesothelioma was
      found. A most of the identified cases of pneumoconiosis could be attached to a
      prior or a concomitant exposure to silica if the occupational exposure was
      carefully examined. At the recent time there is no wellfounded suspicion that
      pneumoconiosis is caused by the exposure in the MMF-industries. A few authors
      supposed, that unspecific structural changes of the lung as occuring also in a
      greater amount in dependency of smoking habits and age are found more frequently
      among the employees of this industry than among the common population. Neither
      the workers with such unspecific structural changes of the lung nor the other
      members of the workforces had prejudices of lung function. At present time a risk
      due to MMF to get sick with cancer of the bronchopulmonic system, especially with
      lung cancer can neither be proved nor be excluded. The epidemiological studies
      carried out until now were not capable to point out a possibly existing risk in
      such a ordner of magnitude. It is uncertain if it will be feasable to prove such
      a risk by using more subtilized methods. This depends at one side on the
      possibility of clearing up and registering the confounding risk factors. On the
      other side it must be considered, that the exposure with fibrous dusts even in
      the old MMF-factories was very much lower than the exposure in the asbestos
      industry. It is indispensable to take into account the most important confounding
      risk factors (smoking habits, preexposure and concomitant exposure with dangerous
      working materials) in further epidemiological investigations.

PMID- 6367303
TI  - Enterobacteriaceae and other gram negative bacteria in the water of lakes used as
      open air baths around the city of Bratislava.
AB  - During the bathing period of 1981 (June to September), and before it (September
      1980 to May 1981), we monthly collected, and analysed, samples of water from a
      series of lakes used as recreational bathing area by inhabitants of the southern
      part of the City of Bratislava. We isolated and determined biochemical properties
      of altogether 241 strains of gram negative bacteria belonging mostly to
      Enterobacteriaceae and to so-called non-fermenters, with special reference to
      deviations in results of individual tests used for their taxonomical
      identification and classification. We attempted to determine also the
      significance of individual biochemical tests of bacterial strains from water
      samples, as well as the general evaluation of water quality on basis of hygienic
      criteria set up for the suitability of individual lakes for recreational bathing,
      to analyse the causes of water contamination, and to evaluate bacterial strains
      from the hygienic and epidemiological point of view. The qualitative and
      quantitative incidence of individual bacterial biotypes indicate a continuous
      contamination of natural baths with fecal waste containing microorganisms from
      healthy as well as sick persons. As a consequence, the free bathing of the City
      population in natural lakes studied represents a potential sanitary risk for the
      persons concerned.

PMID- 6367304
TI  - The bacterial flora of fruits and vegetables in Lebanon and the effect of washing
      on the bacterial content.
AB  - Washed and unwashed vegetables and fruit specimens including radish, lettuce,
      mint, carrots, parsley, strawberries, green almond, akadinya, green-gages,
      cherries, plums, peaches, pears, and apples were investigated for their bacterial
      content. Tested specimens had a high content of bacteria belonging to the genera
      Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Providencia,
      Escherichia, Staphylococcus, and Salmonella. The washing procedure followed was
      effective in reducing the number of bacteria, but did not eliminate them.
      Enterobacter agglomerans was present in most specimens tested, and 11 out of 28
      E. coli isolates were serotypable and may be enterotoxigenic or enteropathogenic.
      These findings are of concern in view of the fact that food-borne illnesses
      including "Traveler's diarrhea" are common in Lebanon.

PMID- 6367305
TI  - [Fermentation and colicinogeny for differentiation of Salmonella enteritidis
      (Gaertner's bacterium)].
AB  - Study material of 435 strains of Salmonella enteritidis which were predominantly
      cultivated from human specimens in Schleswig-Holstein in the years from 1968 to
      1978, was used for investigating the biochemical differentiation by the
      fermentation of arabinose, dulcitol, rhamnose and glycerol (method after
      Kauffmann); moreover, the decarboxylation of lysine and the gas formation from
      glucose as well as the colicinogenicity (indicator Escherichia coli K 12 ROW)
      were tested. The 4 classical biotypes showed the following rates of incidence (in
      %): Jena 77.2; Danysz 2.3; Chaco 1.6; Essen 9.0; 9.9 per cent of all isolates did
      not permit classification, among them there were 19 (4.4%) strains of unknown
      rhamnose-negative biotypes some of which formed no gas from glucose. Four
      cultures (1 Jena strain, 3 Danysz strains) were LDC-negative. The
      colicinogenicity was identified in 20 isolates, among them 18 strains alone in a
      single outbreak. The analyses revealed that the fermentation properties were
      constant within outbreaks while the colicinogenicity may get lost in some strains
      within an outbreak.

PMID- 6367306
TI  - [Comparative studies of gelatin and cellulose ester membrane filters for their
      suitability in determining the microorganism count in the air].
AB  - Filtration is one of the classical methods for the determination of the microbial
      content of the air or the number of microbe-bearing particles in the ambient air.
      Hereby, the opinion prevails that gelatin foam filters yield better results than
      filters made of cellulose esters. Since gelatin filters are themselves by no
      means free from disadvantages, several tests were carried out under the
      conditions encounted in practice in two packaging rooms used for pharmaceutical
      preparations. The objective was to ascertain whether the customary cellulose
      ester filters really are less suitable for determination of the microbial content
      of the air than the filters made of soluble gelatin. Based on the results of
      various preliminary experiments, gamma-irradiated filters of cellulose nitrate,
      with a pore size of 0,45 micron, were selected from a range of tested membrane
      filters (Tables 1,2,4-6 and Fig. 1) and compared directly with the gelatin
      filters. The statistical evaluation of these tests showed that, under the chosen
      experimental conditions, both filters yielded the same count of organisms (Tables
      3, 9 and 10, Figs. 2 and 3). Moreover, by means of further tests, it could be
      proved that neither cellulose nitrate filters with a pore size of 0,8 micron,
      which had undergone gamma-radiations, nor filters made of the mixed esters of
      cellulose, which had been treated with ethylene oxide or autoclaved, differed
      significantly from the selected type (Tables 5-8). This study therefore clearly
      demonstrates that - in addition to gelatin filters - a whole range of membrane
      filters made of cellulose esters yield equally good results and may be used for
      supervision of the microbial content of the air in closed rooms.

PMID- 6367307
TI  - Relationship between the occurrence of coliphages and E. coli in Danish marine
      bathing areas.
AB  - During 2 bathing seasons, 1978 and 1979, water samples were collected with
      intervals of 2 weeks from 17 marine bathing areas situated on the coast of the
      island of Fyn. Quantitative examinations for coliphages and fecal coliforms were
      carried out. Coliphages were present in approximately 50% of the samples. 75% of
      the positive samples contained less than or equal to 10 coliphages per 100 ml. 6
      samples were found with greater than 100 coliphages per 100 ml. A positive
      correlation between coliphage and fecal coliform concentrations was demonstrated.
      The ratios of fecal coliforms to coliphages varied only little between individual
      sampling stations. The mean ratio was 1.9 and 2.0 for the 2 sampling periods. The
      mean concentration of fecal coliforms was gradually increasing from 2.4/100 ml in
      May to 7.2/100 ml in September. Conversely the coliphage concentrations were
      quite uniform during the bathing seasons. As a result of those 2 trends, the
      fecal coliform/coliphages ratio increased during the seasons from 0.86 to 3.13.
      Finally, the potential value of coliphages as an indicator of pathogenic
      microorganisms in marine bathing areas is discussed.

PMID- 6367308
TI  - Direct demonstration and isolation of Legionella pneumophila (serogroup 1) from
      bathroom water specimens in a hotel.
AB  - Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 organisms were isolated from one sample of
      water originating from a shower head in a bathroom of a hotel. Seven of the 16
      swab specimens collected from 2 different sites of the hotel bathrooms revealed
      fluorescing bacteria in direct fluorescent antibody test. The significance of
      present observations in relation to the cluster of L. pneumophila infections
      diagnosed recently in Berlin among a group of visitors who stayed in this hotel
      has been discussed.

PMID- 6367309
TI  - [Dependency of a microbiological test of a formaldehyde gas sterilization
      procedure on the shape of objects to be sterilized].
AB  - During the last decade, a number of procedures have been developed by different
      firms for the sterilization of heat-sensitive instruments using a mixture of
      formaldehyde and water vapor at a temperature of approximately 60 degrees C as
      means of sterilization. Instruments to be sterilized by this technique as e.g.
      sounds and catheters normally have long narrow cavities. Therefore, the
      formaldehyde gas sterilization procedures have to be tested primarily for their
      capability of achieving a sufficient microbicidal effect within those cavities.
      For this purpose, the bioindicators are placed into special test pieces. The test
      pieces commonly in use differ widely in their construction, shape, and size. They
      mostly consist of some hollow cylinder with an attached capillary or a tube (see
      Table 1). The authors demonstrated by means of models that the variety of test
      pieces in use meant that the sterilization procedures had to meet quite different
      requirements. The models consisted of flexible tubes differing in diameter and
      length and were connected to short glass tubes. These glass tubes having
      identical or wider inner diameters than the flexible tubes served as receptacles
      containing the bioindicators. Spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus served as
      test organisms. The spores were suspended in defibrinated sheep blood and dried
      on filter paper. The efficiency of the sterilization technique was measured in
      terms of the relative number of indicator strips with surviving germs (i.e. non
      sterilized indicators) after treatment of the test pieces with the formaldehyde
      gas. At first, the test results were examined as to their dependency on the
      length of the flexible tubes. These tubes were 3 mm wide and 5 to 100 cm long,
      each being sealed at one end and with the bioindicators placed near the sealed
      end. The percentage of indicators with surviving germs increased with the length
      of the tubes. After the sterilization process, nearly all indicators (92%)
      contained in the 1 m tubes proved to be non-sterile (see Table 2). The same
      results were obtained with tubes open at both ends, with the bioindicators
      located in the middle section of the tubes (see Table 3). Using tubes of 1 m
      length, the dependency of the test results on the inner diameter of the test
      pieces was demonstrated. While all indicators placed into tubes of 3 mm inner
      diameter still contained surviving germs, those in the tubes of 9 mm inner
      diameter were all sterile (see Table 4).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6367310
TI  - Pigment production in human and bovine streptococcus agalactiae strains.
AB  - Most of human isolates (66%) and more than a half of bovine isolates from
      privately-owned herds (57.1%) produced pigment at least on one of two media (DMS
      agar, Todd-Hewitt broth). None of bovine isolates from socially-owned farms
      produced pigment on DMS and TH broth. The results are in accord with previous
      investigations, in which some biochemical properties and serotypes of human and
      bovine isolates in Slovenia were studied.

PMID- 6367311
TI  - The ecology of Escherichia coli in a maternity ward in Christchurch, New Zealand.
AB  - During one week, 594 strains of Escherichia coli were collected from the faeces
      of all mothers, babies and the hands of babies' attendants in a maternity ward in
      Christchurch Women's Hospital. The strains were serotyped for their 'O' and 'H'
      antigens, biotyped, and their antibiotic resistance patterns were determined.
      Very little spread was observed, compared with similar studies carried out in
      London a few years ago. This is ascribed to the fact that in Christchurch the
      mothers predominantly handled their own babies, whereas in London the nursing
      staff predominantly handled them.

PMID- 6367312
TI  - [Antigenicity of trophoblast cells and their significance for placentation and
      tolerance of human allogenic ova ].
AB  - Due to the elucidation of transplantation phenomena of the human allogenic egg,
      as yet unknown, the antigenicity of each trophoblastic cells was estimated using
      a cell culture technique introducing the immunofluorescence method. It was
      studied by means of an immunological model like the fetomaternal incompatibility
      in the classic AB0-blood system. The in vitro cultured placenta cells
      (epithelials cells of the chorionic villi, the Langhanscells, the Hofbauercells
      and also their's daughter cells) were investigated concerning the presence of A-
      and B-bloodgroup antigens, whereas the direct and indirect immunofluorescence
      method was introduced. It was confirmed that the chorionic villi epithelial cells
      are always antigen-less ones. The Langhanscells possess the A- and B
      transplantation antigens within their nuclei membranes only. But in Hofbauercells
      the presence of the antigens could be found within the cell membrane, within the
      nuclei membrane and also the cytoplasma of the daughter cells. The lack of
      transplantation antigens in the epithelial layer of the chorionic villi enable as
      well the placentation and further development of the human allogenic egg.

PMID- 6367313
TI  - [Peritoneal cytology in the follow-up control of malignant ovarian tumors].
AB  - From 1976 to 1982 we practised 247 transvaginal punctures with peritoneal lavage
      with the aim of cytological follow-up of ovarian malignomas. Those who were
      submitted to this treatment were 73 women with ovarian carcinoma of stage I to
      III, in whom after operation, antineoplastic chemotherapy and possibly
      radiotherapy no tumor was no longer detectable clinically. In case of positive
      cytology puncture was repeated in intervals of three months, in case of negative
      findings of 6 to 8 months. 31.6 per cent of all puncture smears were
      cytologically positive and 53.8 per cent certainly negative. In 14.6 per cent of
      all cases no well defined statement could be allotted. We can recommend
      peritoneal lavage for monitoring of efficiency of therapy of ovarian carcinomas
      on account of its high evidence and trifling annoyance.

PMID- 6367314
TI  - [Interdisciplinary connections of neurosurgery in the past, present and future].
AB  - Giving examples derived from history, the development and the present level of
      neurosurgery as an expression of the close interdisciplinary co-operation are
      dealt with. Neurosurgery has shown to be useful in our days and will continue to
      do so the future as a link between the great number of medical and non-medical
      disciplines; it has integrative functions, the roots of which frequently reach
      back to the beginnings of the disciplines, and these functions call for a
      constant further maintenance of the interests of the people concerned reaching
      far beyond their own fields. In this way, the neurosurgeon can avoid to become
      only a marginal figure in the sense of the surgical assistant of other medical
      disciplines. Being conscious of the history of one's own field often gives
      surprisingly important information about one's future development and permits an
      analysis of one's daily work.

PMID- 6367315
TI  - Diseases produced by Trypanosoma vivax in ruminants, horses and rodents.

PMID- 6367316
TI  - [Cardiac minute volume and its pattern in Rana ridibunda frogs].
AB  - In frogs with an average body mass 56 g, the minute volume of the heart is equal
      to 4.5 ml/min X 100 g, which is approximately an order lower than in mammals with
      the same body mass. Pulmonary fraction constitutes 52% of the minute volume of
      the heart. The main bulk of systemic fraction of the minute volume of the heart
      (78%) passes to locomotor system and skin, whereas 19% of this volume are
      adressed to vegetative organs. This pattern of distribution significantly differs
      from that in mammals with a similar body mass, in which the vegetative and
      locomotor fractions are approximately equal. Differentiation in muscular blood
      supply was noted--there is a threefold difference in the volume of blood flow
      between gastrocnemius and submandibular muscles.

PMID- 6367317
TI  - [Protective properties of Proteus ribosomal vaccine].
AB  - The results of the study of the protective properties of Proteus ribosomal
      vaccine prepared from P. vulgaris museum strain F-30 are presented. The vaccine
      showed protective effect even in a dose of 0.0001 microgram of protein per mouse;
      when used in immunization doses of 1 and 10 micrograms of protein per mouse, the
      vaccine completely protected the animals, ensuring their survival. Experiments
      aimed at the determination of the maximum protective effect of the vaccine were
      carried out. The ribosomal vaccine injected in a dose of 1 microgram of protein
      per mouse protected 50% of mice challenged with 10 LD50; in a dose of 10
      micrograms of protein per mouse the vaccine protected 100% of the animals
      challenged with 3.7 and 10 LD50. Proteus ribosomal vaccine prepared from P.
      vulgaris museum strain was shown to render protective effect with respect to P.
      vulgaris and P. mirabilis clinical strains.

PMID- 6367318
TI  - [Comparative study of the immunogenicity of neurotoxin preparations and their
      separate fractions obtained from Shigella sonnei, phases I and II].
AB  - The immunogenicity of the preparations of phase I S. sonnei neurotoxin,
      determined by the keratoconjunctival test on guinea pigs, is linked mainly with
      the presence of a high-molecular component other than endotoxin in these
      preparations. The preparations of phase II S. sonnei neurotoxin do not contain
      the endotoxin and high-molecular antigens of S. sonnei, phase I, which protect
      guinea pigs from the development of experimental keratoconjunctivitis; these
      preparations are toxic for mice and possess low immunogenicity.

PMID- 6367319
TI  - [Experimental study of the immunogenicity of a monopreparation of Klebsiella
      pneumoniae antigen complex and its association with Staphylococcus, Proteus and
      Escherichia coli antigens].
AB  - The study carried out in mice with experimental Klebsiella sepsis has revealed
      that Staphylococcus, Proteus and E. coli antigenic complexes used as monovaccines
      ensure the protection of a definite percentage of the animals from K. pneumoniae
      infection. The mixture of these 3 preparations possesses a higher protective
      potency. The immunogenic potency of K. pneumoniae antigenic complex used as a
      component of combined vaccines with 2 or 4 components has proved to be
      sufficiently high and not inferior to the potency of K. pneumoniae monovaccine.

PMID- 6367320
TI  - [Use of numerical taxonomy methods for identifying and classifying
      microorganisms].

PMID- 6367321
TI  - [Indirect immunofluorescence reaction of systemic and local humoral immunity in
      patients with inflammatory lung diseases. III. Secretory IgA antibodies to S.
      pneumoniae and H. influenzae autostrains].
AB  - In acute pneumococcal infection with the clinical picture of acute bronchitis or
      the exacerbation of chronic bronchitis 88-93% of patients showed the formation of
      secretory IgA to S. pneumoniae autostrains, i.e. a high correlation between the
      occurrence of these bacteria in the sputum and the local immune response of the
      body. The characteristic feature of antipneumococcal secretory IgA is their
      earlier, more intensive and less prolonged formation in comparison with that of
      serum antibodies. During the exacerbation of chronic bronchitis only in 28% of
      the patients secretory IgA to H. influenzae autostrains and low correlation
      between the formation of secretory and serum antibodies were detected.

PMID- 6367322
TI  - ["Steal" syndromes in occlusive lesions of the branches of the aorta (review of
      the Soviet and foreign literature)].

PMID- 6367323
TI  - Manifestation of K+ transport alterations in cultured tumour cells of mice.
AB  - Sarcoma was induced by injection of human adenovirus type 12 into newborn,
      isogeneic CBA mice and maintained in adult female CBA mice by serial passages.
      Cells obtained from the tumours were cultivated by 3-4 passages in vitro. Normal
      fibroblastic cell cultures were gained by the same manner from isogeneic CBA
      mouse embryos. Characteristics of potassium transport in cultures of malignant
      cells and of normal fibroblastic cells were analysed. As a chemical tracer of K+
      movements, 86Rb+ was applied. No significant difference could be detected either
      in the potassium concentration, or in the 86Rb+ uptake of the two types of
      cultured cells. However, when the cells were exposed to ouabain, the malignant
      cells showed a significantly reduced response, thus, the malignant cells
      accomplished a much less decrease in either cellular potassium concentration or
      in that of 86Rb+ uptake rate than the normal cells. These findings well fit the
      hypothesis advanced by several authors that malignant cells have a reduced
      density of ouabain receptor on the membrane.

PMID- 6367324
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of chronic graft rejection in mice.
AB  - Acute and chronic types of rejection after transplantation are distinguished. The
      exact mechanism, however, by which the different types of rejections have been
      brought about are not clarified. In this study, experimental data are presented
      on some characteristics of the chronic type of graft rejection. Allografting was
      performed between isogeneic mouse strains differing at their strong
      histocompatibility antigens. Recipients were treated with antithymocyte serum
      (ATS). Those recipients which showed a chronic type of graft rejection were
      selected and regrafted with a second-set or a third party allograft. It was found
      that, in most cases, the chronic rejection of first-set allografts did not
      results in a sensitization (= accelerated rejection), but rather in a partial
      specific tolerance (= prolonged graft survival) to a second-set allograft.
      Furthermore, transfer of spleen cells from mice of chronic rejection into normal,
      adult, ATS-treated, allografted mice did not result in any significant change of
      the mean graft survival as compared to mice not receiving spleen cell transfer.
      On the other hand, transfer of spleen cells from mice with acutely rejected
      grafts resulted in a shortened graft survival. It is supposed that the partial
      specific tolerance observed after chronic graft rejection may be maintained
      rather by a specific suppressor mechanism than clonal deletion.

PMID- 6367325
TI  - Dihydroergotamine in prevention of infusion thrombophlebitis. A randomized trial.
AB  - The efficiency of subcutaneous dihydroergotamine in preventing infusion
      thrombophlebitis was assessed in a randomized trial. One hundred and fourteen
      postoperative patients were studied. They furnished a total of 160 infusion
      sites. The difference between treatment and control group with regard to
      incidence of infusion thrombophlebitis was not significant (p greater than 0.05).
      Accordingly dihydroergotamine has no substantial effect.

PMID- 6367326
TI  - Comparison of metronidazole with doxycycline prophylaxis in elective colorectal
      surgery. A prospective, randomized multicentre study.
AB  - In a series of 157 patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery, metronidazole
      or doxycycline was given to prevent infectious complications. The prophylaxis was
      started just before the operation and was administered for a total of three days.
      Excluding mild, negligible infections, 39 (25%) of the 157 patients had
      infectious complications, 23 from the metronidazole group (28%) and 16 from the
      doxycycline group (21%). The type of infection varied according to the
      medication. In four cases of the metronidazole group and 16 of the doxycycline
      group, anaerobic bacteria were found. The corresponding figures for aerobes were
      36 and 20. Doxycycline thus was significantly more effective in preventing
      complications in general, but metronidazole gave superior protection against
      anaerobes.

PMID- 6367327
TI  - Cytologic diagnosis of rhinoscleroma.
AB  - The cytologic diagnosis of a case of rhinoscleroma was made on brushing specimens
      of a laryngeal lesion. The cytologic picture included aggregates of the
      characteristic Mikulicz cells, large, rounded histiocytes with an eccentric
      nucleus and vacuolar cytoplasm containing the short rods of Klebsiella
      rhinoscleromatis. Although the diagnosis of this chronic infectious disease
      involving the upper respiratory tract is routinely made by tissue biopsy and
      bacteriologic study of the lesions, the present report indicates that cytology
      has a definite place in its diagnosis.

PMID- 6367328
TI  - Urinary cytodiagnosis of renal involvement in disseminated histiocytic lymphoma.
AB  - Two cases of patients with disseminated histiocytic lymphoma are presented in
      which positive urine cytology provided evidence of renal involvement. In addition
      to malignant cells, the urine sediment characteristics included renal tubular
      epithelial cell exfoliation, renal epithelial fragments and pathologic cast
      formation, which distinguished renal from lower urinary tract involvement. Such
      cytologic observations may be useful in differentiating among the various causes
      of renal disease in patients with malignant lymphomas.

PMID- 6367329
TI  - Insulin-like growth factor I in the dog: a study in different dog breeds and in
      dogs with growth hormone elevation.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay (RIA) devised for the measurement of human insulin-like growth
      factor I (IGF I) was employed for the measurement of canine IGF I. Canine IGF I
      was extracted from plasma specimens by gel chromatography. Columns were eluted
      with 1 M acetic acid and the fractions representing the 55 to 85% bed volume were
      pooled, lyophilized and reconstituted with assay buffer. Serial dilutions of
      canine IGF I from both normal and acromegalic dogs when added to the RIA system
      gave a similar displacement pattern of human [125I]IGF I as the one obtained by
      the addition of unlabelled human IGF I. The dose-response curve obtained by
      canine IGF I paralleled the one obtained by human IGF I. Logit-log transformation
      and least squares fitting resulted in straight line fitting of the standard curve
      between 0.039 and 5 ng IGF I added per tube. The within-assay coefficient of
      variation (CV) was 16.7% and the between-assay CV was 21.8%. Plasma IGF I
      concentrations in normal dogs appeared to be a function of body size. The
      concentrations were 36 +/- 27 ng/ml in Cocker Spaniels, 87 +/- 33 ng/ml in
      Beagles, 117 +/- 34 ng/ml in Keeshonds, and 280 +/- 23 ng/ml in German Shepherds
      (mean +/- SEM). The mean IGF I level in a group of dogs with growth hormone (GH)
      elevation was 700 +/- 90 ng/ml. Though this group of dogs comprised both small
      and large dogs, the mean IGF I level significantly differed from the one found in
      German Shepherds, the largest breed studied (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6367330
TI  - Two cases of hereditary diabetes insipidus, with an autopsy finding in one.
AB  - Two cases of hereditary diabetes insipidus (DI) are described, with an autopsy
      finding in one. The patients were brothers and 7 other relatives had symptoms of
      DI. The transmission of the disease in this family seemed to be an autosomal
      dominant trait with incomplete penetration. Both patients had the incomplete type
      of DI, which is diagnosed by the response of plasma AVP and the change in
      Uosm/Posm to 14 h water deprivation. The post-mortem examination in Case 1 showed
      that there was no atrophy of the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus,
      but immunohistochemical studies revealed, that the paraventricular nucleus
      scarcely had any vasopressin positive cells in contrast to an autopsy control.
      This finding suggests that there may be a congenital defect in AVP synthesis in
      some cases of hereditary DI.

PMID- 6367331
TI  - Insulin resistance in uraemic insulin-dependent diabetics. Effect of dialysis
      therapy as assessed by the artificial endocrine pancreas.
AB  - Twenty-four hour insulin requirements were measured in 5 uraemic insulin
      dependent diabetics using a glucose controlled insulin infusion system
      (artificial endocrine pancreas). All patients were studied twice: initially 14 (1
      27) days before institution of dialysis treatment and again after a mean of 46
      (21-98) days on chronic dialysis therapy. At near normal blood glucose level the
      daily insulin requirements decreased from 44.8 +/- 2.9 U pre-dialysis to 35.0 +/-
      2.3 U post-dialysis (P less than 0.001). The reduction included the prandial as
      well as the basal requirements. Consistent with this, the mean plasma free
      insulin level was higher pre-dialysis than post-dialysis (42 +/- 12 microU/ml vs
      31 +/- 7 microU/ml) especially during daytime (49 +/- 11 microU/ml vs 37 +/- 9
      microU/ml, P less than 0.03), suggesting that a decreased insulin degradation was
      not a major factor in the difference in insulin requirements. The effect of an
      acute change in azotaemia on insulin requirements was also evaluated in 4 uraemic
      diabetics on chronic haemodialysis the day prior to and the day after a routine
      dialysis (serum creatinine 922 +/- 59 mumol/l vs 555 +/- 109 mumol/l). No
      difference in insulin administration on the two days was observed (42.5 +/- 6.1 U
      vs 43.2 +/- 5.6 U). It is concluded that insulin resistance is present in uraemic
      insulin-dependent diabetics analogous to the insulin resistance widely prevalent
      in non-diabetic uraemic patients. The abnormality is at least partly reversible
      after several weeks on chronic dialysis, but not acutely. The pathophysiologic
      mechanisms underlying the insulin resistance in uraemia in the diabetic remain to
      be clarified.

PMID- 6367332
TI  - Evidence for the presence of a neutral insulinotrophic peptide in the porcine
      duodenum.
AB  - A crude mixture of thermostable peptides extracted from porcine duodenum was
      fractionated by electrofocusing. A neutral fraction, different from the basic
      fractions of GIP, VIP, PHI, and CCK was found to promote insulin secretion when
      injected in vivo to normal rats. This neutral fraction, extracted from the crude
      mixture by chromatography, stimulated insulin output from an isolated rat
      pancreas and enhanced glucose-induced insulin release. The insulinotrophic effect
      of this partially purified duodeno-jejunal material disappeared following
      digestion with trypsin. The insulin-releasing activity was found to correspond to
      a compound of molecular weight higher than that of insulin (i.e. higher than
      6000). No GIP-like immunoreactivity was found in this neutral fraction indicating
      that the active peptide(s) are not GIP related compounds. These observations
      suggest that porcine duodenum contains and incretin activity different from that
      of the insulinotrophic factors already reported.

PMID- 6367333
TI  - Artificial spermatocele inserted onto the vas deferens: a clinical report.
AB  - This procedure was devised in an attempt to treat azoospermia caused by severe
      vas obstruction. An artificial spermatocele is prepared by resection of the vas
      slightly distal to the epididymal-deferential ansa and anastomosing onto its
      proximal stump a piece of Dardik's prosthesis sealed at the far end. During the
      partner's ovulatory period the spermatocele fluid is aspirated, mixed with
      fertile donor seminal plasma and used for artificial insemination. To date 8
      subjects have had the operation: spermatocele fluids of 4 contained some highly
      motile spermatozoa with normal ability to penetrate cervical mucus for some
      months. Spermatocele implantation onto the vas apparently has the following
      advantages: the anatomic and functional integrity of the epididymis is
      maintained, the storage function of the epididymal-deferential ansa is preserved,
      and the risk of spermatocele collapse seems to be reduced by the high "vis a
      tergo" developed during ejaculation.

PMID- 6367334
TI  - [Histological classification of primary retroperitoneal tumors].

PMID- 6367335
TI  - Pericapillary spongy sheaths in the human spleen. An immunohistological study.
AB  - Antisera to extracts of human hyaline cartilage allow distinct visualization of
      extracellular structures of adventitial sheaths around arterial capillaries in
      the red pulp and marginal zone in the human spleen. These pericapillary sheaths
      have a prominently spongy character indicating their essential filter function.
      In childhood they are most marked. In premature and stillborn infants they
      sometimes occupy whole stretches of pulp cords, whereas in old age they are
      frequently diminished to small formations lacking a distinctly spongy structure.

PMID- 6367336
TI  - Timolol vs propranolol vs placebo in common migraine prophylaxis: a double-blind
      multicenter trial.
AB  - Common migraine sufferers (25 males, 71 females) with a history of 2-6 attacks
      per month participated in a 4-centre trial comparing the prophylactic effect of
      timolol (10 mg b.i.d.) and propranolol (80 mg b.i.d.) to placebo. After a
      pretreatment period of 4 weeks they entered a double-blind 3-way cross-over trial
      with 3 treatment periods of 12 weeks each. 83 patients received all 3 treatments.
      The mean frequency of attacks per 28 days was 3.35 on timolol, 3.69 on
      propranolol and 4.83 on placebo. Mean severity of attacks (0-3) was 1.75 on
      timolol, 1.83 on propranolol, and 1.93 on placebo. Mean duration of attacks was
      7.41 h on timolol, 7.38 on propranolol and 7.95 on placebo. The headache index
      (frequency times severity) was 5.71 on timolol, 6.66 on propranolol and 9.03 on
      placebo (P less than 0.05, P less than 0.01 compared to placebo). The difference
      between propranolol and timolol was non-significant: frequency of attacks 0.34
      (95% confidence limits - 0.26; 0.89). Headache index 0.95 propranolol and 23
      patients on placebo experienced side effects (P less than 0.05). It is concluded
      that timolol and propranolol are equally effective in the used doses (1:8) for
      common migraine prophylaxis.

PMID- 6367337
TI  - Selected perinatal procedures. Scientific basis for use and psycho-social
      effects. A literature review.

PMID- 6367338
TI  - Actinomyces israelii in the genital tract of women with and without intra-uterine
      contraceptive devices.
AB  - Actinomycosis involving the female genital tract is more common among IUD users
      than others. The diagnosis is difficult and often delayed. It has been suggested
      that the finding of Actinomyces-like organisms or A. israelii in cervical smears
      indicates a risk of developing actinomycosis. A. israelii has not been regarded
      as a part of the indigenous genital flora. A group of IUD users without symptoms
      of genital tract infections were compared with a control group without IUDs. No
      Actinomyces-like organisms were found on cytological examination of cervical
      smears. Immunofluorescent staining and cultures identified A. israelii in 4% of
      the IUD users and in 3% of the non-users. Serologic precipitin tests for
      actinomycosis were negative in all women. None developed actinomycosis on follow
      up of positive cases. The study indicates that A. israelii is a commensal of the
      female genital tract. The identification of A. israelii alone does not indicate
      that the patient risks developing actinomycosis. Other methods such as a serology
      test should be useful in defining the clinical significance of the findings.

PMID- 6367339
TI  - HLA-DR-expressing Langerhans'-like cells in vaginal and cervical epithelium.
AB  - Sections of ethanol-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from human vagina
      and exocervix were stained by an indirect immunofluorescence method with a rabbit
      antiserum to HLA-DR antigens. A specific staining of cells having a dendritic
      appearance were seen. The cells were randomly distributed, mainly in the
      parabasal cell-layer of the stratified squamous epithelium. The number of
      dendritic cells was 1-3% of all cells in the cervical epithelium and 1-5% of the
      cells in the vaginal epithelium. Most probably these cells are Langerhans' cells.

PMID- 6367340
TI  - Bacteriological study of amniotic fluid during labor.
AB  - Amniotic fluid from 207 women in labor was analysed at the time of artificial
      rupture of membranes or by amniocentesis. The following organisms were identified
      in concentrations of more than 1 000/ml: Staphylococcus aureus (1),
      Propionibacterium (1), E. coli (1), group B Streptococci (3), Lactobacilli (16).
      The 6 patient-carriers of pathogens became infected as did 4 of their babies.
      Leukocyte counts and LDH levels performed on amniotic fluid did not correlate
      with the appearance of symptoms of infection. Quantitative bacteriology of
      amniotic fluid seems to be of value in identifying patients at high risk of
      developing endometritis and/or neonatal sepsis.

PMID- 6367341
TI  - Severe fetal distress with hydramnios due to chorioangioma.
AB  - A case is described of antenatal detection of a placental mass by ultrasound in a
      patient with hydramnios due to chorioangioma and who had a sinusoidal-like
      pattern and positive oxytocin challenge test (OCT). The importance of frequent
      fetal heart rate monitoring in cases of suspected chorioangioma is emphasized.

PMID- 6367342
TI  - The Charnley versus the Christiansen total hip arthroplasty. A comparative
      clinical study.
AB  - Charnley total hip arthroplasties (THA) and Christiansen THA were carried out in
      two concurrent groups of patients, consisting of 113 hips in 87 patients and 90
      hips in 81 patients respectively. The mean age of the patients was about 65
      years, two thirds had idiopathic arthrosis, and only two had rheumatic hip
      disease. The two groups of patients were similar with regard to sex, age, weight,
      etiology of arthrosis, and standard laboratory tests, but different with regard
      to the surgeons who operated on them. Postoperative films showed that the stems
      of the prostheses were in the neutral and the varus position in the Christiansen
      group, and in the valgus, neutral and varus position in the Charnley group.
      Neither group had any deaths, or deep infections in the postoperative period.
      Only minor postoperative complications were noted. At follow-up, 5-8 years later,
      the failure (revision) rate of Charnley THA to Christiansen THA was 1 to 7.7 and
      1 Charnley cup was revised as against 19 Christiansen cups. The methodological
      weaknesses in the comparative clinical trial did not explain the inferior long
      term results of the Christiansen THA.

PMID- 6367343
TI  - Incorporation of bone graft covered with methylmethacrylate onto acetabular wall.
      An experimental study.
AB  - The acetabular model, as described in the present study, appears to serve as a
      promising experimental model for grafting procedures since it promotes the
      acceptance of autogenous grafts and the induction of new bone formation. Further,
      the biologic and mechanical properties of the femoro-acetabular joint appear
      permissive to the development of an efficient reparative system even when a
      foreign material such as methylmethacrylate cement is incorporated into the
      overall reconstructive procedure. Hence, it is hereby recommended to utilize the
      biological approach in the frame of replacement arthroplasty of severely damaged
      acetabulum.

PMID- 6367344
TI  - Bacteriological swabs in hip surgery.
AB  - A prospective trial was carried out in 70 patients undergoing elective total hip
      replacement, in order to correlate bacterial contaminants in the wound at
      operation with the subsequent clinical results. A new method of collecting
      bacteria via a swab left in the wound for the duration of the operation proved to
      be as effective as the conventional swabbing technique in patients with known
      previous hip sepsis who, following revision surgery, showed evidence of further
      infection.

PMID- 6367346
TI  - [Surgical correction of nasal stenosis].

PMID- 6367345
TI  - Calf compression for prevention of thromboembolism following hip surgery.
AB  - A prospective, randomized trial of the effect of graded compression of the calf
      was done in 62 patients operated on electively for hip disease. After total hip
      arthroplasty, compression reduced the number of positive fibrinogen uptake tests
      by two-thirds, significant only in males, who seem to run a higher risk of
      thrombosis than females.

PMID- 6367347
TI  - In search of a super solution: controlled trial of glycine-glucose oral
      rehydration solution in infantile diarrhoea.
AB  - In a double blind trial a glycine fortified oral glucose electrolyte solution was
      evaluated in a group of infants and small children (n=25) with moderate to severe
      dehydration due to acute diarrhoea, and was compared with a matched control group
      (n=26) receiving only glucose based oral rehydration solution. It is seen that
      the diarrhoea stool output, duration of diarrhoea, and volume of oral rehydration
      fluid required to achieve and maintain hydration are significantly lower in the
      group receiving glycine fortified glucose electrolyte solution. The possibility
      of developing an oral rehydration solution which could also act as an absorption
      promoting drug is discussed.

PMID- 6367348
TI  - [Early therapy].

PMID- 6367349
TI  - Elective mutism in children 1877-1981. A literary summary.

PMID- 6367350
TI  - [Anorexia nervosa in boys].

PMID- 6367351
TI  - [Orientation of psychotherapy to the human image].

PMID- 6367352
TI  - Immunoelectron microscopic localization of thyroglobulin in human follicular
      adenoma.
AB  - An electron microscopic immunohistochemical localization of thyroglobulin (TG)
      using PAP methods has been made in 15 cases of cold follicular adenoma. All cases
      of follicular adenoma showed organ specific functions such as synthesis, storage,
      reabsorption, and hydrolysis of thyroglobulin except for an area composed of
      follicular cells with trabecular arrangement. Immuno-reaction product for TG was
      precisely demonstrated in follicular lumina, subapical vesicles and reabsorbed
      colloid droplets. The reaction product observed in the follicular lumen was
      clearly demarcated from the cytoplasm of the follicular cells by the apical
      plasma membrane. The subapical vesicles ranging approximately from 50
      millimicrons to 300 millimicrons in diameter were rarely observed in follicular
      adenoma and some of them fused with the reabsorbed colloid droplets. The
      reabsorbed colloid droplets usually had the intense reaction product and
      hydrolyzed colloid droplets had a vacuole containing floccular low electron dense
      materials. There is no reaction product in rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi
      complexes.

PMID- 6367353
TI  - Residual glomerular lesions in postpartal women with toxemia of pregnancy.
AB  - Renal biopsies from 10 patients who had residual symptoms of toxemia of pregnancy
      were examined by light, electron and immunofluorescent microscopy. The biopsies
      were performed 1 month to 3 months postpartum. The glomeruli showed a similar
      lesion, even though to a lesser degree, to that found in toxemia of pregnancy.
      Subepithelial swellings and endothelial cytoplasmic microtubular structures were
      also observed. Mesangial and monocyte-like cells contained lysosomes, cholesterol
      clefts and lipid-containing vacuoles with or without myelin figures, suggesting
      reparative process in the glomeruli. The present study indicates that the
      glomerular injury persists for a few months after delivery, together with the
      concurrent reparative process.

PMID- 6367354
TI  - Mesangiolysis in the glomerular lesion of cyanotic congenital heart disease.
AB  - Mesangiolysis associated with glomerulomegaly was observed in an autopsy case of
      an 11-year-old boy with cyanotic congenital heart disease, i.e. complete
      transposition of the great vessels with large VSD. Microscopical examination of
      the kidney revealed marked enlargement of glomeruli with mesangiolysis mainly
      found in the midzonal cortex involving 16 to 20% of all glomeruli. The glomerular
      basement membrane in the mesangiolytic lesion showed splitting, between which red
      blood cells were occasionally encountered. By reconstruction study with serial
      sectioning, the mesangiolysis was observed to be obviously focal and segmental.
      Immunofluorescent study revealed no positive results for IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, and
      fibrinogen/fibrin. By electron microscopic study on the post formalin fixed
      specimens, no remarkable dense deposits were found in any structural components
      of the glomeruli. It was assumed that the mesangiolysis might have been provoked
      by some circulatory disturbances, which superimposed on the preexisting
      glomerular lesion of cyanotic congenital heart disease in the terminal stage of
      the clinical course.

PMID- 6367355
TI  - Plasma cell granuloma of the stomach combined with gastric cancer.
AB  - An autopsy case of plasma cell granuloma of the stomach combined with gastric
      cancer is reported. Plasma cell granuloma presumably occurred independently of
      adenocarcinoma in the stomach, and nodular or diffuse infiltration of plasma cell
      containing many Russell bodies was observed in the gastric wall, intermingled
      with lymphocytes. Infiltrating plasma cells were polyclonal in nature as seen by
      peculiar meshwork patterns of positive immunofluorescence against human gamma,
      kappa, and lambda chains. Ultrastructurally, globular Russell bodies, 1-7
      micrometers in diameter, were located in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and
      could be divided into two types, smooth-or rough-surfaced one.

PMID- 6367356
TI  - The effect of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) on the attachment and ingestion
      phases of C3b- and IgG-mediated phagocytosis by macrophages.
AB  - The effects of enzymatically produced reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) on the
      attachment and ingestion phases of C3b- and IgG-mediated phagocytosis by cultured
      mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPM) was investigated using a hypoxanthine-xanthine
      oxidase ROM-generating system. ROM-exposure at a dose which did not affect cell
      viability caused a slight decrease in the percentage of phagocytosing cells. The
      total number of cell-associated (attached and ingested) C3b- and IgG-coated
      particles initially decreased in relation to controls. After 120 min the number
      of attached and ingested C3b-particles had returned to the level of controls,
      while the corresponding value for IgG-particles lagged behind. The number of
      ingested particles decreased in both C3b- and IgG-groups at each time-point
      studied (30-150 min). A linear increase in the formation of lipid peroxidation
      products was measured during the period of observation, while transmission
      electron microscopical studies showed largely intact morphology. These results
      indicate that ROM species may induce membrane-related changes in inflammatory
      cells such as macrophages, probably due to lipid peroxidation; affecting the
      binding functions of the C3b- and Fc-receptors, without any obvious alteration in
      cellular fine structure.

PMID- 6367358
TI  - Pulmonary bone-marrow embolisation after unfiltered autologous bone-marrow
      transplantation.
AB  - A 15-year-old girl had Ewing's sarcoma of the right scapula 1978 and was treated
      with local radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy. She remained in complete
      remission until September 1982 when she developed a single pulmonary metastasis
      in the right lower lobe. She received a high dose of Melphalan twice, always
      followed by autologous bone-marrow transplantation. A segmental right lower
      lobectomy revealed haematopoietic bone-marrow tissue emboli within the alveolar
      capillaries and foreign body granulomatous lesions in the whole surgical
      specimen. No residual Ewing's sarcoma growth was seen.

PMID- 6367357
TI  - Internalization in vivo of cholera toxin in the small intestinal epithelium of
      the rat.
AB  - The binding and internalization of cholera toxin (CT) into the intestinal
      epithelium were studied in vivo in rats. The distribution of CT was ascertained
      using immunofluorescence and by immunoenzyme-electron microscopy, with horse
      radish peroxidase anti-CT antibodies as the conjugate. The toxin was rapidly
      bound and internalized into both epithelial and goblet cells; CT was evenly
      distributed on the microvilli at the bases of which it appeared in invaginations
      (coated pits). Though not found in nuclei, CT appeared intracellularly in coated
      vesicles, and dissolved in the cytoplasm where it was enriched at the terminal
      web. The basolateral membrane, except for the tight junctions, was outlined with
      CT; some staining also appeared in the basement membrane, in fibroblasts,
      macrophages and in the blood-vessel walls in the submucosa. The lysosomatotrophic
      agent chloroquine simultaneously inhibited CT-induced fluid secretion and
      intracellular distribution of CT in the cytoplasmic matrix, but not in the
      vesicles. The inhibitor of CT-action on adenylate cyclase, chlorpromazine, did
      not affect the cellular distribution of CT. Our results suggest that CT mainly is
      internalized by endocytosis into the intestinal epithelium. The toxin is probably
      released from vesicles into the cytoplasm via secondary lysosomes.

PMID- 6367360
TI  - Parental losses.
AB  - In a review article parental losses (PL) of children in different age and sex
      groups are psycho-analytically examined from the view point of the triangular
      family relationship, cognitive development of the children and their ability to
      mourn, delinquency, schizophrenia and affective illnesses, and lastly the
      controversies about and objections to bereavement study findings. It is concluded
      that many methodological problems make it difficult to compare study findings.
      Some unchallengeable laws have been found, but any single explanation of their
      aetiological meaning could not be shown. It is obvious that many psycho-social
      variables are involved in the interpretation of PL.

PMID- 6367359
TI  - Immunohistochemical studies of ovarian and testicular teratomas with antiserum to
      glial fibrillary acidic protein.
AB  - Twenty cases of ovarian or testicular teratomas were studied with a sensitive
      peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method utilizing an antibody to glial fibrillary
      acidic protein (GFAP). Positive staining was restricted to the perikaryon, to
      extensively distributed neuroglial fibrils, or to ependymal lining cells in 13 of
      20 teratomas studied. Positively stained cells were also occasionally observed in
      the choroid plexus, thus indicating the possibility that such cells also retain
      the capability of producing GFAP. GFAP-positive material was also found in the
      tumour cells of an undifferentiated ovarian teratocarcinoma; this tumour was
      believed to represent an ovarian glioma. It is concluded that the PAP method
      represents a sensitive and valuable histochemical tool which should be further
      explored to characterize a functional basis of normal and neoplastic cells.
      Findings are of particular interest in the "germ cell tumours" in which multiple
      differentiation patterns may be expressed.

PMID- 6367361
TI  - Strategies for the testing of antidepressants: trials and tribulations. An
      overview.
AB  - Short-term, long-term and prophylactic trials are all important for the thorough
      assessment of a new antidepressant. Patients are carefully selected for such
      trials according to rigidly applied selection criteria, and their depressive
      disorder should be rated using a standard classification system. Multicentre
      trials are often a useful means of obtaining sufficient numbers of patients for
      valid conclusions to be drawn, but different assessors obtain quite different
      results even on the same rating scales. Thus, ideally, the assessors should
      undergo centralized training in such rating. A useful method of circumventing
      these problems is to use a more objective test, such as the dexamethasone
      suppression test. Trials should also compare the new drug with placebo and
      standard antidepressants (e.g. 150 mg/day amitriptyline). The safety profile
      should be carefully established by monitoring side-effects and investigating
      interactions with commonly used drugs (including alcohol). Most new
      antidepressants are found to be equally as effective as, but no better than,
      standard antidepressant therapy. However, many new antidepressants have the
      advantage of causing fewer side-effects.

PMID- 6367363
TI  - Effect of sulpiride in endogenous depression.
AB  - Clinical practice and pharmacological data suggest a possible antidepressive
      action of sulpiride given in low dosages. To further explore the therapeutic
      efficacy of sulpiride 11 patients with an endogenous type of depression were
      studied during treatment with an oral daily dose of 150 mg sulpiride. The present
      data allows the conclusion that (A) low dosed sulpiride seems to act as an
      antidepressant in severe and milder forms of depression, (B) a clinical progress
      is seen earlier than is common during treatment with tricyclics and (C) a
      significant increase of drive is observable. However, sulpiride maintenance
      therapy did not prevent early relapse into depression. The preliminary nature of
      these clinical observations does not allow conclusions about the ultimate utility
      of this drug. Moreover, it remains unclear for which patients sulpiride is
      appropriate or perhaps superior to conventional treatment modalities of
      depression.

PMID- 6367362
TI  - Sulpiride versus haloperidol, a clinical trial in schizophrenia. A preliminary
      report.
AB  - Sixteen out of 25 hebephrenic and paranoid schizophrenic patients completed a
      double-blind cross-over study with sulpiride and haloperidol. The patient sample
      was relatively chronic: Median age was 35 years (range 26-53 years), median
      duration of illness 10 years (4-35 years), and median duration of neuroleptic
      treatment 5 years (1-28 years). Each patient was treated with
      sulpiride/haloperidol in random order for 12 weeks with a drug-free period before
      each treatment phase. Mean total BPRS (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale) score was
      reduced from 25 to 15 (P less than 0.05) during sulpiride (800-2800 mg/day,
      median 1600 mg/day), and from 28 to 15 (P less than 0.01) during haloperidol (6
      18 mg/day, median 12). There were no significant differences between the groups
      with respect to total BPRS score, single items or symptom clusters. However, in a
      few, very "chronic", disturbed, and long-term treated patients, haloperidol
      appeared more beneficial than sulpiride. Autonomic side effects and parkinsonism
      tended to occur more frequently during haloperidol than during sulpiride, but no
      significant differences were found. It is concluded that sulpiride, a specific
      dopamine-2 receptor blocker, has antipsychotic effect, not significantly
      different from haloperidol, but may produce slightly less side effects.

PMID- 6367364
TI  - Clinical evaluation of sulpiride in schizophrenic patients--a double-blind
      comparison with chlorpromazine.
AB  - To evaluate the clinical potential of sulpiride for the treatment of
      schizophrenic patients, a double-blind study was performed comparing fixed doses
      of sulpiride (800 mg daily) and chlorpromazine (400 mg daily). Twenty-five
      schizophrenic (RDC) patients participated in each treatment group. Antipsychotic
      effects were evaluated by CPRS and NOSIE ratings before and after 1, 2, 4 and 8
      weeks of treatment. Interrater reliabilities for CPRS items and subscales were
      satisfactory. Treatment with sulpiride or chlorpromazine resulted in a
      significant reduction of psychotic morbidity as estimated by CPRS and global
      ratings. CPRS scores reflecting autism were significantly reduced in all ratings
      of sulpiride-treated patients, but only after four weeks in the chlorpromazine
      group. Total NOSIE scores indicated improvement in both treatment groups. A
      significant difference in favour of sulpiride was obtained for the NOSIE subscale
      "retardation". Extrapyramidal side effects occurred at a similar frequency in
      both treatment groups. Autonomic side effects occurred to a greater extent in
      chlorpromazine-treated patients. Lactation was reported only in four sulpiride
      treated patients. Liver transaminase enzymes in serum were markedly elevated only
      in chlorpromazine-treated patients. The results indicate that sulpiride has a
      marked antipsychotic effect which is at least not inferior to that of
      chlorpromazine. A better effect on autistic components of behaviour was
      demonstrated for sulpiride. The results indicate a higher risk of lactation but a
      lower risk of anticholinergic side effects and liver toxicity for treatment with
      sulpiride than with chlorpromazine.

PMID- 6367365
TI  - Profile of clinical efficacy and side effect of carbamazepine in psychiatric
      illness: relationship to blood and CSF levels of carbamazepine and its -10,11
      epoxide metabolite.

PMID- 6367366
TI  - Documentation of a new contrast medium for the subarachnoid space. Demands,
      design and results from the first multicentre trial with iohexol.
AB  - The first clinical trial with the non-ionic contrast medium iohexol (Omnipaque)
      in lumbar myelography was performed as a multicentre investigation of a total of
      88 included patients. The design of the comprehensive clinical trial program is
      presented and the necessity of using such an extensive clinical trial program in
      the early stage of the investigation is discussed. This comprehensive monitoring
      did not reveal any serious or persistent side effects. The documentation on the
      safety of the drug encourages further clinical trials.

PMID- 6367367
TI  - Characterization of patients with chlorpropamide-alcohol flush.
AB  - One hundred and sixty patients with onset of non-ketotic diabetes at the ages of
      35-70 were investigated for chlorpropamide-alcohol flush (CPAF), beta-cell
      function, insulin sensitivity, human leucocyte antigens (HLA), organ specific
      antibodies and diabetic complications. A positive flush reaction was defined as
      an increase in facial skin temperature by at least 1.5 degrees C, which was
      associated with a visible flush reaction in all patients. In accordance with
      these criteria, 38% of the patients were considered CPAF-positive with a mean
      rise in facial skin temperature of 2.3 +/- 0.1 degrees C compared with 0.6 +/-
      0.1 degrees C in the CPAF-negative patients (p less than 0.001). The CPAF
      positive patients could be distinguished from the CPAF-negative with respect to:
      1) higher frequency of first degree family history of diabetes (p less than
      0.05), 2) lower basal and glucagon-stimulated C-peptide concentrations (p less
      than 0.02 and p less than 0.001), 3) increased frequency of HLA-A2 (p less than
      0.01) and decreased frequency of HLA-B7 (p less than 0.01). The findings thus
      support the genetically determined nature of CPAF. Considering the criteria for
      maturity onset diabetes in the young, it is unlikely that CPAF acts as a genetic
      marker for this particular form of genetic diabetes.

PMID- 6367368
TI  - Increased plasma vasopressin and serum uric acid in the low renin type of
      essential hypertension.
AB  - In 22 50-year-old men with long-standing, untreated essential hypertension of the
      low renin type, venous plasma vasopressin concentrations were about three times
      those of 15 matched normotensive control subjects (p less than 0.005). These
      patients also had increased arterial concentrations of noradrenaline and
      adrenaline (p less than 0.05) but there was no direct association between these
      two catecholamines and vasopressin. On the other hand, adrenergic beta-receptor
      blockade with oxprenolol reduced both blood pressure and plasma vasopressin (p
      less than 0.01) while venous plasma dopamine concentrations significantly
      increased. In addition, the hypertensives had highly significantly increased
      serum uric acid (p less than 0.001) that correlated positively with venous
      vasopressin concentrations (p less than 0.05). According to these data, patients
      with the volume-sustained low renin type of essential hypertension have increased
      plasma vasopressin concentrations that probably are inversely related to
      dopaminergic nervous activity. The data also indicate that increased plasma
      vasopressin correlates with serum uric acid, most probably through increased
      tubular reabsorption of this acid.

PMID- 6367369
TI  - Tuberculosis of the colon in a kidney transplant patient.
AB  - A 58-year-old woman experienced recurrent fever episodes after kidney
      transplantation. She was treated with antibiotics because of suspicion of
      staphylococcus infection. Abdominal pain combined with haemorrhagic diarrhoea
      occurred eight months after transplantation. A barium enema revealed a stenotic
      process in the middle part of the ascending colon mimicking carcinoma, and
      hemicolectomy was consequently performed. Histological examination revealed
      tuberculosis with little granuloma formation and abundant acid-fast tubercle
      bacilli in the mucosa and submucosa, and only slight perigranulomatous reactions.
      The patient was successfully treated with triple antituberculous chemotherapy
      without deterioration of allograft function. Tuberculosis should be suspected in
      immunosuppressed patients suffering from pyrexia of unknown origin, even when
      chest X-ray is normal.

PMID- 6367370
TI  - Renin, renin substrate, angiotensin II, and vasopressin in plasma during
      treatment with captopril in hypertension and heart failure.

PMID- 6367371
TI  - Captopril or atenolol in essential hypertension.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with essential hypertension were randomly assigned to
      treatment with either captopril or atenolol. There were 15 males and 10 females
      and their mean age was 53 years, range 32-66 years. Systolic and diastolic blood
      pressures were significantly reduced by atenolol 50-100 mg once daily. Captopril
      25-50 mg 3 times daily caused a significant decrease in supine diastolic but not
      in systolic blood pressure. After the addition of hydrochlorothiazide (25-50 mg)
      to those who did not become normotensive (supine diastolic blood pressure less
      than 95 mm Hg) on captopril or atenolol alone, blood pressure was further
      reduced. Captopril combined with hydrochlorothiazide significantly reduced both
      supine and standing blood pressure by 31/17 mm Hg (p less than 0.01) and 33/18 mm
      Hg (p less than 0.001) respectively. Atenolol combined with hydrochlorothiazide
      caused a significant decrease of both recumbent and standing blood pressure by
      21/10 mm Hg (p less than 0.01) and 23/13 mm Hg (p less than 0.05 systolic, p less
      than 0.001 diastolic). The reduction of systolic blood pressure was significantly
      better with the captopril/hydrochlorothiazide combination, while there was no
      difference between the groups as regards diastolic blood pressure reduction.
      Thus, hydrochlorothiazide potentiates the blood pressure lowering effect of
      captopril more than of atenolol. This could be due to a synergistic interaction
      between captopril and hydrochlorothiazide.

PMID- 6367372
TI  - Smooth muscle antibodies in essential hypertension. Preliminary report.

PMID- 6367373
TI  - Reduction of sodium taste threshold during treatment with captopril in essential
      hypertension.

PMID- 6367374
TI  - Atenolol 50 mg or metoprolol 200 mg - a comparison of antihypertensive efficacy,
      side effects and lipoprotein changes.

PMID- 6367375
TI  - Prostaglandins, renin, aldosterone, and catecholamines in preeclampsia.
AB  - Urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), plasma
      concentrations of renin (PRC), aldosterone (PAC), noradrenaline (PNA) and
      adrenaline (PA) were determined in the third trimester of pregnancy, 5 days and 3
      months after delivery in preeclampsia and normotensive pregnant and non-pregnant
      control subjects. PGE2 was higher in pregnant control subjects than in non
      pregnant subjects, but reduced to non-pregnant level in preeclampsia. PGF2 alpha
      was the same in preeclampsia and normotensive pregnancy but higher than in the
      non-pregnant group. PRC and PAC were increased during pregnancy, but considerably
      lesser in preeclampsia than during normotensive pregnancy. PNA and PA were the
      same in all three groups. All parameters were normal 3 months after delivery.
      There were no correlations between any of the hormones and blood pressure in any
      of the groups. PGE2 was positively correlated to PRC. The lack of renal PGE2 in
      preeclampsia might be responsible for the decrease in renal blood flow and sodium
      excretion, and the changes in PRC and PAC are supposed to be secondary to changes
      in PGE2. It is hypothesised that preeclampsia is a state of prostaglandin
      deficiency.

PMID- 6367376
TI  - Synthesis and conversion of the renin precursor in vitro.

PMID- 6367377
TI  - Inactive renin in renal venous blood: biological, methodological and statistical
      aspects.

PMID- 6367378
TI  - Renal vein renin on acute stimulation in diagnosis of renal hypertension.

PMID- 6367379
TI  - Plasma renin concentration, activity and substrate in normal children.

PMID- 6367380
TI  - Cerebral symptoms and blood pressure during parenteral administration of
      chlorpromazine, dihydralazine and diazoxide. Danish multicenter study on acute
      severe hypertension.

PMID- 6367381
TI  - Ischaemic brain following emergency blood pressure lowering in hypertensive
      patients.

PMID- 6367382
TI  - Different types of orthostatic hypotension. Current concepts.

PMID- 6367383
TI  - Long-term trial (6 months) of the platelet aggregation inhibitory activity and
      biological safety of indobufen in cerebrovascular patients.

PMID- 6367384
TI  - [Life today and psychological disorders].

PMID- 6367386
TI  - [The development of psychiatry in Spain. Historical and cultural aspects].

PMID- 6367385
TI  - [Multicenter evaluation of the antidepressant activity of amoxapine].

PMID- 6367387
TI  - Kinetic analysis of enzymatic reactions using high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 6367388
TI  - Heparin and atherosclerosis.

PMID- 6367389
TI  - The role of sterols in sperm capacitation.

PMID- 6367390
TI  - Relationship of cholesterol metabolism to the metabolism of plasma lipoproteins:
      perspectives from methodology.

PMID- 6367391
TI  - Hepatic resection in trauma.

PMID- 6367392
TI  - Arthroscopic knee surgery.
AB  - Endoscopic knee surgery, like other endoscopic procedures in other specialties,
      takes considerable time and patience to learn. But once the technique is learned,
      the noninvasive, nondestructive nature of endoscopy lends itself well to many
      types of knee operations, and we are beginning to see results at 4 and 5 years
      that are at least equal to those achieved by the same operation done with an
      arthrotomy, and with a marked reduction in complications and morbidity. Patient
      acceptance of these endoscopic knee procedures is very high because of the small
      scars, minimal postoperative discomfort, rapid rehabilitation and return to work,
      and avoidance of a lengthy and costly hospitalization. The challenge to
      arthroscopic surgeons is to perform these operations without damaging normal
      structures within the knee joint. The use of television has greatly enhanced the
      ability to teach residents and carry on postgraduate instruction. The coming
      years should bring an ever-increasing utilization of arthroscopy in managing most
      knee problems, as well as some limited use in other joints.

PMID- 6367393
TI  - Staples and staplers.

PMID- 6367394
TI  - The evaluation and management of pheochromocytomas.
AB  - Despite the relative infrequency of pheochromocytomas, they remain a potentially
      curable yet lethal etiology of hypertension. Appropriate utilization of a modern
      clinical chemistry laboratory and sophisticated radiologic techniques should
      allow a suspecting physician to establish the presence or absence of such a
      catecholamine-secreting tumor. The treatment of pheochromocytoma remains
      surgical; however, strict attention to preoperative details is crucial if
      mortality is to be minimized. Judicious use of adrenergic blocking agents and
      measures to ensure a normal circulating blood volume are of utmost importance
      during the preoperative period. Surgery remains the ultimate diagnostic and
      therapeutic maneuver. A thorough and meticulous exploration of the entire
      abdominal cavity and both adrenal beds is essential in all patients with
      pheochromocytoma. Monitoring of electrocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters
      is critical during surgery and postoperatively, since changes in cardiovascular
      stability can be dramatic and rapid. Appropriate measures must be taken to
      reverse such changes but must be made based on a thorough understanding of the
      effects of catecholamines, the drugs available to alter these effects, and the
      potential problems that patients with pheochromocytomas are likely to experience.

PMID- 6367395
TI  - Management of trauma to the spleen.

PMID- 6367396
TI  - Microsurgery: replantation, and free flaps.

PMID- 6367397
TI  - The impact of Cyclosporin A on transplantation.

PMID- 6367398
TI  - Asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism in the elderly--a review.
AB  - The use of routine calcium estimations has led to a marked increase in the number
      of cases of hyperparathyroidism diagnosed, especially in the elderly. The results
      of surgery in the elderly are reviewed, as are some studies on the natural
      history of untreated hyperparathyroidism, and on this basis it is recommended
      that in the asymptomatic elderly patient observation is the appropriate
      management.

PMID- 6367399
TI  - Single-slit digital radiography: some practical considerations.
AB  - Clinical evaluation of an experimental digital chest unit using a solid-state
      linear detector array has provided information regarding the postpatient photon
      flux required for clinically acceptable images. Results from computer simulation
      show that energy subtraction imaging of the chest by the method of x-ray-tube
      voltage switching will be unsuccessful unless it can be demonstrated clinically
      that a much lower number of photons per pixel is acceptable in energy subtracted
      images. In addition, x-ray-tube loading limitations preclude imaging of the
      abdominal and pelvic regions with this technology.

PMID- 6367400
TI  - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography of the nearly occluded internal
      carotid artery.
AB  - Three patients with nearly occluded internal carotid artery origins were
      evaluated with intravenous digital subtraction angiography and subsequently had
      successful carotid endarterectomies. The angiographic features are described.
      Although conventional arterial angiography offers superior spatial resolution and
      selectivity, the thorough mixing of blood and contrast medium that occurs with
      the intravenous technique minimizes the tendency toward layering beyond a high
      grade stenosis, which may occur with selective arterial injection. In cooperative
      patients, the intravenous digital technique may be sufficiently reliable in the
      detection of the nearly occluded internal carotid artery to obviate conventional
      selective common carotid angiography.

PMID- 6367401
TI  - Runoff studies in peripheral vascular disease.

PMID- 6367402
TI  - Lymphocyte populations and subpopulations in some lymphoproliferative dermatoses.
AB  - We present a study of lymphocyte populations and subpopulations as seen in
      histological cuts of skin with malignant and benign lymphoproliferative
      alterations using the immunological and histochemical techniques later described.
      Disclosed are the results of samples obtained of lymphocyte populations which
      were used to help differentiate between said alterations. It is proven that in T
      cell lymphomas. The infiltrate is dominated by markers for EA IgM which
      correlates with the results of other authors in peripheral blood.

PMID- 6367403
TI  - Meteorological and climatic factors in bronchial asthma. A clinical dilemma.
AB  - In this work a review is made of the importance of climatic and meteorological
      factors together with other factors in bronchial asthma. The temperature and
      atmospheric humidity are two important parameters to be taken into account in the
      stimulation phenomena of bronchial hyperreactivity.

PMID- 6367404
TI  - Dioxin and Agent Orange.

PMID- 6367405
TI  - Electrophysiologic effects of ethmozin in patients with ventricular tachycardia.
AB  - Ten patients with recurrent episodes of ventricular tachycardia (VT) had
      electrophysiologic studies in the basal state and on chronic oral ethmozin (12.1
      +/- 0.6 SE mg/kg/day). Ethmozin significantly prolonged the AH interval (basal:
      75 +/- 8 SE msec; ethmozin: 91 +/- 10 msec, p less than 0.05), the HV interval
      (51 +/- 3; 66 +/- 5 msec, p less than 0.01), and the QRS duration (101 +/- 4; 118
      +/- 4 msec, p less than 0.001). Atrial and ventricular refractory periods and the
      corrected QT interval were not significantly affected by ethmozin. VT was induced
      in 7 of 10 patients in the basal state by means of programmed right ventricular
      extrastimulation or rapid burst ventricular pacing. On oral ethmozin nine
      patients had inducible VT. VT cycle length was consistently prolonged on ethmozin
      (250 +/- 13; 326 +/- 14 msec, p less than 0.001). Four of the seven patients with
      VT on basal ambulatory monitoring had total abolition of spontaneous VT on
      ethmozin. Ethmozin failed to prevent induction of VT in most patients despite
      significant reductions in ventricular arrhythmia on ambulatory monitoring.
      Further studies comparing VT induction with ambulatory monitoring in patients on
      ethmozin are needed to confirm these findings and to define the clinical
      significance of this dissociation.

PMID- 6367407
TI  - Clinical and echocardiographic features of right atrial masses.

PMID- 6367406
TI  - Comparative effects of diltiazem, propranolol, and placebo on exercise
      performance using radionuclide ventriculography in patients with symptomatic
      coronary artery disease: results of a double-blind, randomized, crossover study.
AB  - The effects of oral diltiazem (120 mg), propranolol (100 mg), and placebo on
      exercise performance and left ventricular function were compared before and
      during symptom-limited supine bicycle exercise by means of multigated
      radionuclide ventriculography in 12 patients with documented, symptomatic
      coronary artery disease; a double-blind, randomized crossover protocol was used.
      Diltiazem increased ejection fraction (EF) at submaximal exercise (+7.0 absolute
      percentage points, p less than 0.02) and maximal exercise (+8.1 percentage
      points, p less than 0.01). Exercise EF was increased by 13.6 percentage points (p
      less than 0.02) in patients with decreased ventricular function (resting EF less
      than 50%). Propranolol had no effect on exercise EF at any stage, even when
      patients with EF less than 50% were excluded. The increase in total exercise time
      was significant after diltiazem (+27%, p less than 0.01) but not after
      propranolol (+16%, p = NS). As expected, propranolol decreased both resting (-9
      bpm, p less than 0.01) and exercise heart rates (-27 bpm, p less than 0.001),
      whereas diltiazem had no significant effect. Propranolol decreased resting
      diastolic blood pressure (-8 mm Hg, p less than 0.02), exercise systolic (-27 mm
      Hg, p less than 0.001) and diastolic (-9 mm Hg, p less than 0.01) blood
      pressures, and rest (p less than 0.01) and exercise (p less than 0.001) double
      product. Diltiazem decreased resting systolic blood pressure (-9 mm Hg, p less
      than 0.01) and both resting (-8 mm Hg, p less than 0.001) and exercise (-9 mm Hg,
      p less than 0.01) diastolic blood pressures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6367408
TI  - Intracoronary streptokinase in evolving acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Intracoronary application of thrombolytic agents, particularly streptokinase, can
      recanalize arteries that had been totally occluded in patients with evolving
      acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Numerous uncontrolled trials have testified to
      the effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy in most patients in reestablishing flow
      to the infarct-related coronary artery. Follow-up of patients in whom reperfusion
      has been established has often demonstrated small but significant increases in
      the left ventricular ejection fraction. In contrast, in other patients in whom
      thrombolytic therapy failed to reopen the occluded vessel, the left ventricular
      ejection fraction usually does not change during follow-up. In most reported
      uncontrolled trials, few complications are described and the mortality rate in
      patients treated by this therapy may be lower than expected. These data have been
      used as the basis for widespread application of this technique in many
      catheterization laboratories around the world. Our initial experience at the
      University of Florida in 23 patients has not been as successful as other
      uncontrolled trials previously reported. Reperfusion was accomplished in only 12
      patients. Of 17 who survived their AMI, only five demonstrated an improved left
      ventricular ejection fraction of at least 10%. Serious complications, including
      bleeding from catheterization sites or allergic reactions to streptokinase,
      occurred. Controlled trials to critically evaluate this new therapy are needed
      and are in progress.

PMID- 6367409
TI  - Tribute to a friend. Margaret E. Conrad.

PMID- 6367410
TI  - Gray uniforms - 1983 memories of 1930.

PMID- 6367411
TI  - A review of world literature finds iron oxides noncarcinogenic.
AB  - Iron oxide appeared in the first list of 154 Threshold Limit Values adopted by
      the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists at its April 1949
      annual meeting. It was set to control dust and fume at the recommended value of
      15 mg/M3, at the time, the limit for an inert or "nuisance" dust, and was based
      on studies of welders made earlier by the U.S. Dept. of Labor and by Drinker and
      Nelson. By 1964, the TLV was tentatively reduced to 10 mg/M3 after a considerable
      body of literature had accumulated not only on the health experience of welders,
      but of other occupations involving iron oxides as well. As a group, these studies
      indicated that 15 mg/M3 permitted too great accumulations of iron pigmentation in
      the lung whose chronic retention effects were not known with certainty. Also, an
      occasional report of cancer of the lungs appeared particularly among British
      hematite miners, although these findings were immediately questioned on
      statistical grounds. In seeming confirmation of these early reports of cancer, an
      alarming number of reports of cancer of the lung and respiratory tract among
      welders and foundrymen began to appear by 1970, reaching a crescendo by the end
      of that decade. As past chairman of the TLV Committee, I decided to examine the
      bases of these findings. This review is the result of this examination.

PMID- 6367412
TI  - Identification and counting of asbestos fibers.
AB  - A combined analytical electron microscopic/optical count method for the
      determination of airborne asbestos fibers was tested for precision and bias. A
      modified phase contrast microscopic count method (NIOSH Method 7400) was used to
      determine total fiber content. The analytical electron microscope (AEM) procedure
      was added to identify the fraction of amosite asbestos fibers in airborne,
      laboratory-generated samples containing amosite and wollastonite fibers. Then
      this fraction was applied to the routine optical counts of all the samples in the
      set to estimate the asbestos fiber concentration. The effects of sample to
      sample, wedge to wedge, within wedge and between and counter variability were
      examined. In addition, the variabilities of the elemental ratio within a fiber
      and between fibers was also determined to find their possible influence on the
      ability to identify the fiber as amosite in the presence of other silicate
      fibers. A precision of 20.1% relative standard deviation (RSD) and a bias of 
      9.1% for the AEM count method compared with the optical count procedure were
      found for these mixed fiber samples.

PMID- 6367413
TI  - Randomized, placebo-controlled study of the effect of verapamil on exercise
      hemodynamics in coronary artery disease.
AB  - At cardiac catheterization, 16 patients with coronary artery disease (14 men and
      2 women) were allocated by a random, double-blind method to intervention with
      placebo (saline solution) or verapamil (0.2 mg/kg total by bolus and by 10-minute
      infusion). In all patients, resting and exercise (3 minutes with a bicycle at 150
      kg X m/min) hemodynamic values were obtained during a control period and after
      intervention. Subsequent left ventriculography and coronary arteriography
      revealed a mean ejection fraction of 52 and 53% and the mean number of diseased
      vessels (3-vessel scale) of 2.1 and 1.5 in the placebo and verapamil groups,
      respectively. In both groups of patients, exercise induced significant increased
      heart rate, mean arterial pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and
      cardiac index. Verapamil increased the heart rate and decreased the mean arterial
      pressure at rest and the arterial pressure during exercise. It did not affect
      exercise-induced increases in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure or cardiac
      index. These results support a role for peripheral mechanisms mediating the
      antianginal effects of verapamil.

PMID- 6367414
TI  - Effects of bepridil on exercise tolerance in chronic stable angina: a double
      blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.
AB  - Bepridil, a calcium antagonist with a half-life of approximately 42 hours, was
      compared with placebo in a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial. Thirteen
      men (average age 62 years) with exercise-related angina pectoris and a positive
      exercise test (modified Bruce protocol) were studied. In the group as a whole,
      bepridil (400 mg once a day) caused an increased total exercise time (2.6 +/- 1.8
      minutes, mean +/- standard deviation), time to onset of angina (3.3 +/- 1.6
      minutes), time to 1 mm of ST-segment depression (2.2 +/- 2.3 minutes), time to 2
      mm of ST-segment depression (2.4 +/- 1.4 minutes) and total work load achieved
      (1.8 +/- 1.4 kpm) compared with the preceding placebo phase (all p less than
      0.05). Frequency of angina and nitroglycerin consumption were low and did not
      change significantly during bepridil therapy. Comparison of the 3 placebo periods
      (run-in, double-blind and washout) did not reveal a change in any measurement
      except time to onset of angina, suggesting no training effect or change in
      patient status. Adverse effects were common in patients taking both placebo and
      bepridil, but only 2 patients had adverse effects (dizziness) with bepridil that
      necessitated discontinuation of therapy. Similarity of the double product
      (systolic blood pressure X heart rate) at the end of exercise suggests a decrease
      in myocardial oxygen demand as the primary mode of action. This study suggests
      that bepridil is a promising agent for the treatment of exercise-induced
      myocardial ischemia.

PMID- 6367415
TI  - Randomized double-blind comparison of gallopamil and propranolol in stable angina
      pectoris.
AB  - A new calcium ion antagonist, gallopamil, 150 mg/day, was compared with
      propranolol, 240 mg/day, in 20 patients with stable chronic angina. The patients
      were studied in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial.
      Multistage treadmill exercise with computer-assisted electrocardiographic
      analysis was performed after 2 weeks of placebo therapy and at the end of each 4
      week active treatment period. The mean (+/- standard error of the mean) exercise
      time to development of angina was 5.4 +/- 0.3 minutes with placebo; this
      increased to 9.4 +/- 0.7 minutes with propranolol (p less than 0.001) and 10.1 +/
      0.7 minutes with gallopamil (p less than 0.001 vs placebo; difference not
      significant vs propranolol). Both drugs significantly prolonged the time to
      development of 1 mm of ST depression. Five patients became free of angina during
      treadmill testing with gallopamil therapy and 2 with propranolol. Both drugs
      decreased the heart rate at rest; propranolol also decreased the maximal exercise
      heart rate, which was slightly increased with gallopamil. With the exception of 1
      patient in whom raised liver enzymes developed, gallopamil was well tolerated.
      Thus, gallopamil is an effective antianginal agent that has few of the unwanted
      effects associated with other calcium channel-blocking drugs.

PMID- 6367416
TI  - Effect of moricizine hydrochloride in reducing chronic high-frequency ventricular
      arrhythmia: results of a prospective, controlled trial.
AB  - The antiarrhythmic efficacy of moracizin HCl (Ethmozine), a new oral
      phenothiazine derivative, was evaluated in 20 patients with chronic high
      frequency ventricular arrhythmia confirmed by multiple ambulatory
      electrocardiographic recordings. Comparison with 72 +/- 24 hours (+/- standard
      deviation) of ambulatory recordings on moracizin treatment (average dose 295 +/-
      58 mg 3 times daily or 9.8 +/- 1.0 mg/kg/day) was made. Maximal treadmill
      exercise provocation of arrhythmia and echocardiographic studies to detect
      effects on left ventricular function were also compared. The group had an average
      of 378 +/- 97 ventricular premature beats (VPBs) per hour while receiving
      placebo, with a mean VPB grade of 3.4 +/- 1.1 (modified Lown). When the patients
      received moracizin HCl, VPB frequency was reduced 53% (p less than 0.01), to a
      mean VPB grade of 2.2 +/- 1.4 (p less than 0.05). Seventy percent of the patients
      (14 of 20) showed a reduction in VPB frequency that exceeded the maximal expected
      variation; in 3 the frequency did not change and in 3 it increased with moracizin
      HCl. Resting electrocardiographic changes consisted of modest prolongations of PR
      interval (0.03 second) and QRS duration (0.02 second); however, QT prolongation
      was not observed. Heart rate and blood pressure at rest and peak exercise,
      exercise-related arrhythmia, exercise durations and echocardiographic measures of
      left ventricular function were unchanged by moracizin HCl compared with placebo.
      Side effects of moracizin++ HCl at these dosages were minimal (diarrhea in 1
      patient, dizziness in 1 and diaphoresis in 1), although 2 patients tested at
      higher dosages had sustained ventricular tachycardia that may have been related
      to moracizin HCl.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6367417
TI  - Effects of diuretic therapy in low-, normal- and high-renin isolated systolic
      systemic hypertension.
AB  - In 30 patients with isolated systolic systemic hypertension, diuretic therapy
      decreased body weight from 71.33 +/- 2.67 to 70.37 +/- 2.65 kg (p less than
      0.0005) and the systolic blood pressure from 174 +/- 3 to 156 +/- 3 mm Hg (p less
      than 0.0005). Diastolic blood pressure and heart rate did not change
      significantly. Plasma renin activity increased from 2.25 +/- 0.33 to 4.27 +/-
      0.43 ng/ml/hour (p less than 0.0005) and urinary aldosterone from 9 +/- 1 to 16
      +/- 2 micrograms/24 hours (p less than 0.005). The antihypertensive effect of
      diuretics was significantly related only to the pretreatment plasma renin
      activity (r = -0.50, n = 30, p less than 0.05), and therefore the greatest
      decrease in systolic blood pressure occurred in the low-renin group, whereas the
      smallest occurred in the high-renin group (-22 +/- 2 vs -3 +/- 9 mm Hg, p less
      than 0.005). The diastolic blood pressure was significantly decreased only in the
      low-renin group (-7 +/- 2 mm Hg, p less than 0.005). There were no significant
      changes in blood pressure in 11 untreated control patients. These results
      indicate that diuretics are effective antihypertensive agents in most patients
      with low- and normal-renin isolated systolic systemic hypertension.

PMID- 6367419
TI  - Prophylactic replacement of a Starr-Edwards model 1000 aortic valve prosthesis in
      place for 20 years.

PMID- 6367418
TI  - From irritable heart to mitral valve prolapse: the Osler connection.

PMID- 6367420
TI  - Signet ring cell lymphoma. A report of a case and review of the literature.
AB  - A case of signet ring cell lymphoma, a rare variant of follicular center cell
      lymphoma, is presented with a review of 20 other such lymphomas previously
      reported in the English literature. The histologic, immunocytologic, and electron
      microscopic features are described with speculation as to the possible
      relationship of this lymphoma to other B-lymphocyte-derived neoplasms.

PMID- 6367421
TI  - Astonished reader:description of a solid phase C1q enzyme assay for the detection
      of circulating immune complexes.

PMID- 6367422
TI  - H. P. Smith Award lecture: H. P. Smith's place in the history of blood
      coagulation.

PMID- 6367423
TI  - Testicular yolk sac and embryonal carcinomas in pediatric patients: comparative
      immunohistochemical and clinicopathologic study.
AB  - Twelve Mayo Clinic patients less than 17 years of age were identified who had
      yolk sac tumors of the testis. Seven additional pediatric patients were
      identified who had embryonal carcinoma of the testis. These 19 patients form the
      basis for this study correlating histopathology and immunocytochemical patterns
      with clinical outcome. Immunoperoxidase studies were done with antibodies to
      alpha-fetoprotein, beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin, alpha-1
      antitrypsin, and human albumin. The immunocytochemical staining pattern in these
      neoplasms did not appear to correlate with prognosis.

PMID- 6367424
TI  - Lymphocyte subpopulations and T-cell subsets in human oral cancer tissues:
      immunohistologic analysis by monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - A series of T-cell-specific monoclonal antibodies (Leu-1, Leu-2a, and Leu-3a) and
      B-cell-specific monoclonal antibody (HLB-1) were used to detect the localization
      and intensity of infiltration of lymphocyte subpopulations and T-cell subsets in
      frozen sections of 17 patients with the oral cancer. The vast majority of the
      lymphocyte infiltrates in the oral cancer tissues were reactive with Leu-1. In
      contrast, B cells were detectable with HLB-1 in only 2 of 17 cases. Leu-2a
      positive cells were dominant in four cases, whereas Leu-3a positive cells were
      dominant in only three cases. In seven cases, both cells infiltrated to the same
      degree. Leu-2a positive cells tended to be dominant in the cases with earlier
      clinical stages.

PMID- 6367425
TI  - Exact nature of Russell bodies still an enigma.

PMID- 6367426
TI  - C. Henry Kempe, MD--physician, investigator, mentor, and humanist.

PMID- 6367427
TI  - C. Henry Kempe, MD--a biographical sketch.

PMID- 6367428
TI  - Reflections on life with Henry Kempe.

PMID- 6367429
TI  - C. Henry Kempe, MD--the educator. 'One at a time'.

PMID- 6367430
TI  - C. Henry Kempe, MD--a resident's view.

PMID- 6367431
TI  - Throat cultures for group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus. Importance of anaerobic
      incubation.
AB  - The bacteriologic detection of group A Streptococcus in pharyngitis is vital in
      everyday practice to prevent serious potential sequelae. The purposes of this
      study were to determine whether throat cultures should be incubated in anaerobic
      atmosphere and whether an increased recovery rate could be obtained by stabbing
      of the plates (partial anaerobiosis) and by using a sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim
      disk to enhance growth and identification. We examined 243 throat cultures, in
      duplicate, which were incubated in room air and in anaerobiosis (carbon dioxide,
      10%). We found that, in aerobic incubation, the recovery rate of group A
      streptococci was 5.7%; in anaerobic incubation it was 19.8%. Stabbing of the agar
      to create a partial anaerobiosis was useless. When directly placed on the plate,
      the sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim disk facilitated the identification of beta
      hemolysis areas. To achieve maximum detection of group A streptococci in
      specimens obtained from the throats of infected children, we found that anaerobic
      incubation should be used.

PMID- 6367432
TI  - Cefaclor v amoxicillin in treatment of acute otitis media.
AB  - A randomized clinical trial compared cefaclor and amoxicillin for the treatment
      of acute otitis media (AOM). Twenty-four (77%) of the 31 examined patients
      treated with cefaclor and 25 (83%) of the 30 examined patients treated with
      amoxicillin had resolution of signs and symptoms after completing a ten- to 14
      day course of the antibiotic. Patients who had bilateral AOM, serous or mucoid
      middle ear effusion, Hemophilus influenzae cultured from effusion, or more than
      five previous otitis media episodes, or who were 3 years of age or younger were
      more likely to fail treatment. Hemophilus influenzae isolated from effusion were
      significantly less susceptible to cefaclor than amoxicillin, but none of the 12
      treatment failures were caused by antibiotic-resistant infections. Eight (36%) of
      the 22 patients who recovered after treatment and were reexamined one to three
      weeks later experienced recurrent AOM. Ear-specific, as well as patient-specific,
      analyses showed no significant differences between cefaclor and amoxicillin.

PMID- 6367433
TI  - Pulmonary edema associated with upper airway obstruction.
AB  - We retrospectively surveyed records of 153 patients with croup or epiglottitis.
      Thirty-four children required intubation of the trachea to relieve upper airway
      obstruction. In those requiring intubation, pulmonary edema occurred in four
      (12%) of 34. Review of 17 previously reported cases, along with our patients,
      demonstrated that onset of pulmonary edema due to upper airway obstruction
      usually follows intubation. A PaO2 below 50 mm Hg is observed in 38% and
      pneumothorax in 24% of all reported cases. Supplemental oxygen, positive end
      expiratory pressure, mechanical ventilation, and chest tube drainage have
      prevented death despite these life-threatening complications.

PMID- 6367434
TI  - Metoclopramide in gastroesophageal reflux disease: rationale for its use and
      results of a double-blind trial.
AB  - We investigated the acute effect of metoclopramide on lower esophageal sphincter
      pressure, esophageal contraction amplitude, and gastric emptying and compared
      metoclopramide, 10 mg four times a day, to placebo in improving the symptoms and
      objective parameters of reflux esophagitis in 19 patients in a randomized, double
      blind 4-wk outpatient trial. Orally administered metoclopramide, 10 mg,
      significantly accelerated gastric emptying of a semisolid meal in patients in
      whom it was delayed; lower esophageal sphincter pressure was significantly
      increased for up to 90 min, but there were no changes in esophageal contraction
      amplitude. During the treatment trial, metoclopramide resulted in an overall
      improvement in heartburn and regurgitation of 60%, significantly better than 32%
      improvement after placebo (p less than 0.05). Compared to baseline symptoms
      scores, metoclopramide significantly improved both daytime and nighttime
      heartburn and regurgitation. Compared to placebo-treated patients, the
      metoclopramide group had significantly fewer episodes of daytime heartburn and
      regurgitation (p less than 0.05), while nighttime symptoms significantly improved
      with both treatments. Mean antacid consumption was significantly reduced by
      metoclopramide, 61%, compared to placebo-treated patients, 21% (p less than
      0.05), who were ingesting a mean of 1.9 oz of antacid daily. Endoscopic and
      histological improvement were similar in both groups, although histological
      healing occurred in three patients after metoclopramide compared with none in the
      placebo group. Our data suggest that: 1) gastric emptying and lower esophageal
      sphincter pressure were significantly improved by acute administration of oral
      metoclopramide; 2) metoclopramide therapy for 4 wk is significantly more
      effective than placebo (medium dose antacid therapy) in relieving the symptoms of
      gastroesophageal reflux without significantly altering objective parameters of
      esophagitis; 3) metoclopramide effectively addresses the diffuse upper
      gastrointestinal motor disturbances present in reflux esophagitis patients.

PMID- 6367435
TI  - Pancreatic exocrine and endocrine responses in chronic pancreatitis.
AB  - To test the discriminatory potential of certain indices of pancreatic function we
      performed duodenal perfusion studies and measured trypsin, bicarbonate, and
      lactoferrin outputs, and plasma concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide and
      motilin in the basal state and during continuous intravenous stimulation with 100
      ng kg-1h-1 Ceruletide and 1 CU kg-1h-1 secretin. The following groups were
      studied: 12 normal volunteers (NV), seven patients with chronic pancreatitis with
      steatorrhea (CPS), and seven without steatorrhea (CP). Stimulated trypsin
      outputs, after 45 min of stimulation, were the best discriminant among the groups
      (NV versus CPS, p less than 0.0005; NV versus CP, p less than 0.005; CP versus
      CPS, p less than 0.05). Basal trypsin outputs showed similar patterns but failed
      to discriminate between NV and CP. Bicarbonate outputs were less discriminatory
      than trypsin outputs. Lactoferrin outputs failed to discriminate, but transient
      high peak outputs occurred in the initial stimulation period in all four patients
      with calcific chronic pancreatitis, suggesting a washout phenomenon. Basal
      motilin levels were elevated in both groups of pancreatitis (p less than 0.05).
      Stimulated pancreatic polypeptide levels were lower in CPS (NV versus CPS, p less
      than 0.05) but higher in CP (NV versus CP, p less than 0.005). These differences
      were also apparent in the basal state. We conclude that the best discrimination
      among the three groups was achieved by measurement of trypsin outputs, after 45
      min of stimulation. In addition, the pancreatic polypeptide response may be used
      as a marker of residual pancreatic function in chronic pancreatitis.

PMID- 6367436
TI  - The odyssey of guaiac.
AB  - The history of guaiac is outlined herein. Guaiac owes its existence as a chemical
      to a rumor that it had antisyphilitic healing powers in the early 16th century.
      Guaiac was either the drug of choice or second drug of choice for therapy of
      syphilis for 200 years. Van Deen discovered its property of detecting occult
      blood in 1864.

PMID- 6367437
TI  - William Henry Howell: physiologist and philosopher of health.

PMID- 6367438
TI  - Seasonal and racial incidence of infantile gastroenteritis in South Africa.
AB  - The etiology of summer diarrhea, which formerly caused extensive mortality in
      children living in industrialized countries, was never discovered. This condition
      no longer occurs in developed countries, having been replaced by winter diarrhea,
      which is associated with a low mortality. Summer epidemics of diarrhea still take
      place in black South African infants, whereas, in white South African children,
      the pattern of diarrhea is similar to that seen in children in industrialized
      countries today. In 1977-1980, the author studied the records of patients less
      than two years of age admitted for treatment of dehydrating diarrhea to two
      teaching hospitals in Johannesburg, the Johannesburg General and Baragwanath
      Hospitals, which serve the needs of white and black patients, respectively. The
      incidence of severe diarrhea (i.e., diarrhea necessitating hospitalization)
      showed highly significant seasonality (p less than 0.001) and distinctive
      patterns by race. Dehydrating diarrhea in black children was strongly associated
      with warm weather, while diarrhea in white children occurred more regularly
      throughout the year, with a peak incidence in late fall. Laboratory studies have
      shown that bacteria, in particular "classical" enteropathogenic Escherichia coli,
      are the leading cause of diarrhea in black South African children, and that
      diarrhea in white children is largely attributable to rotaviruses. The
      association of enteropathogenic E. coli with diarrhea in black children suggests
      that these bacteria were responsible for earlier outbreaks of summer diarrhea.
      The finding that the etiology of diarrhea varies according to socioeconomic class
      has important implications for diarrhea control programs.

PMID- 6367439
TI  - Extracorporeal therapy in the treatment of intoxication.

PMID- 6367440
TI  - Active and chronic phases of Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy).
AB  - Berger's disease, or IgA nephropathy, is generally considered as pursuing a
      chronic course, often with recurrent attacks of gross hematuria or persistent
      microscopic hematuria. However, little attention has been paid to the acute
      changes that may accompany this nephropathy, and there are few reports of follow
      up renal biopsy studies in these patients. We have had the opportunity to study
      two patients with Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy) in whom initial and follow
      up renal biopsy studies were available. Both of these patients presented
      clinically with gross hematuria and moderately heavy proteinuria. In both cases,
      the initial renal biopsy disclosed diffuse mesangial proliferation associated
      with crescent formation, while follow-up biopsy disclosed only mild mesangial
      proliferation and no crescents. In one case electron microscopy revealed
      prominent subendothelial and small mesangial deposits in the initial biopsy,
      which became almost solely large mesangial in the second biopsy. The other case
      demonstrated only mesangial deposits in both biopsies.

PMID- 6367441
TI  - Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas v. Harris: a dubious consequence of piecemeal
      health care legislation.
AB  - For almost forty years, legislators have advocated comprehensive measures
      designed to assure Americans quality health care. Instead of implementing an
      integrated health care plan, Congress has intermittently enacted statutes which
      address specific health care delivery problems. At times the judiciary has
      stretched the ambit of existing health legislation in response to particular
      plaintiffs' urgent claims. This Case Comment examines the dilemma of piecemeal
      legislation and judicial policymaking as exemplified by Presbyterian Hospital of
      Dallas v. Harris, a Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals health care financing decision
      whose outcome Congress has flatly rejected.

PMID- 6367442
TI  - History.

PMID- 6367443
TI  - Comparison of standard and modified enzyme immunoassay of phenytoin.
AB  - A modified method for the enzyme immunoassay (EMIT, Syva Company) of phenytoin is
      presented and compared with the standard method. Serum samples from 14 patients
      were analyzed for phenytoin content using both methods. All assays were performed
      by the same individual. Within-day and between-day variations of the modified
      method were determined. A carry-over study was done to determine if a sample with
      a high phenytoin concentration might contaminate subsequent samples with lower
      concentrations or whether samples with low concentrations could dilute subsequent
      samples with higher concentrations. Within-day and between-day variations of the
      modified method were 7.5% and 9.9%, respectively. These values are less than the
      10% coefficient of variation limit claimed by the manufacturer of the standard
      method. The carry-over study revealed no significant carry-over with the modified
      method. An excellent correlation was observed between the values obtained from
      the two methods. The modified method can reduce assay costs by up to 40%. The
      modified method was found to provide accuracy and precision equivalent to the
      standard EMIT method at a substantial cost savings.

PMID- 6367444
TI  - Controlling financial variables--changing prescribing patterns.
AB  - Techniques of formulary management, pharmacy and therapeutics committee
      intervention, and the use of clinical pharmacy services to change prescribing
      patterns and contain costs in hospital pharmacy departments are reviewed. Methods
      of using the formulary to contain costs include deletion of generic and
      therapeutic equivalents, inclusion of therapeutic categories and cost codes, and
      regular reviews and updates of its contents. Drug monographs for formulary
      evaluation prepared for the P & T committee should include a comparative review
      of other drugs in the therapeutic category and a cost impact statement. The P & T
      committee can help contain costs by developing policies for automatic stop orders
      and restricted drug use. Clinical pharmacy activities that can result in cost
      savings include physician education (focused on prescribing), target drug
      programs, target disease programs, pharmacist participation on TPN and i.v.
      therapy teams, and patient training programs for home care. A matrix for
      evaluating cost-containment activities is presented. By tailoring the described
      methods to departmental personnel resources and hospital needs, the pharmacy can
      be effective in controlling costs.

PMID- 6367445
TI  - Comparative effects of propranolol and prazosin upon serum lipids in thiazide-
      treated hypertensive patients.
AB  - Earlier reported thiazide-induced changes in serum lipid concentrations were
      confirmed with increased triglyceride and total cholesterol levels. However,
      lipoprotein cholesterol ratios were unchanged. Propranolol caused further
      increases in triglyceride and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and
      lowered high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the high-density
      lipoprotein:total cholesterol ratio. With the addition of prazosin to the
      polythiazide regimen, there was a significant increase in serum high-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol when compared with the placebo.

PMID- 6367446
TI  - Effects of long-term prazosin therapy on lipoprotein metabolism in hypertensive
      patients.
AB  - Prazosin administration caused a significant and continuous antihypertensive
      effect when given as a single agent for 12 months. The daily dose was stabilized
      after three months at 6.0 mg per day. After 12 months of prazosin treatment, high
      density lipoprotein cholesterol increased by 17 percent (p less than 0.005) and
      the cholesterol ratio increased by 19 percent (p less than 0.05), but total
      cholesterol was not significantly changed. There were no statistically
      significant changes in triglycerides, plasma renin activity, and plasma
      aldosterone concentration following treatment when compared with baseline levels.
      Prazosin monotherapy is concluded to have favorable effects on serum lipids and
      can be considered suitable for long-term antihypertensive therapy.

PMID- 6367447
TI  - Studies on the effect of prazosin on blood pressure and serum lipids in Japanese
      hypertensive patients.
AB  - The introduction of the western diet and lifestyle to Japan has been associated
      with changes in body build, lipid levels, and disease pattern. An increased
      incidence of coronary heart disease parallels increased fat intake. Thiazide
      diuretics and beta blockers may have adverse effects on blood lipids in man
      leading to an increase in the risk of coronary heart disease; therefore, for many
      patients these drugs may not offer the optimum treatment strategy. Hence,
      prazosin, a drug that effectively lowers blood pressure without adversely
      affecting lipid metabolism, has been evaluated in nine studies within Japan.
      Prazosin showed adequate antihypertensive effects even at doses as low as 1 to 3
      mg per day. Sustained constant blood pressure reductions were achieved with
      maintenance doses of 3 to 6 mg per day without significant side effects. Even
      when given in low doses, prazosin increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
      while inhibiting elevations of total cholesterol and decreasing triglycerides. In
      view of these findings, prazosin as a single agent can be considered for
      monotherapy of hypertension.

PMID- 6367448
TI  - Intervention for the prevention and control of hypertension and atherosclerotic
      diseases: United States and international experience.
AB  - Intervention to control hypertension and prevent coronary heart disease was
      initially undertaken in the United States in the late 1950s. It was conducted
      along three lines: randomized controlled trials, community demonstration
      projects, and broad public health and medical care efforts involving both the
      general population and its high-risk strata. This article reviews findings from
      the United States trials, particularly those on the primary prevention of
      coronary heart disease by unifactorial means (such as fat-modified diet, serum
      cholesterol-lowering drugs, antihypertensive drug treatment) and by
      multifactorial interventions. Results of unifactorial and multifactorial trials
      are discussed with reference to the prevention of high blood pressure. Studies in
      the United States are compared with research abroad, and current research needs
      are reviewed together with the implications for medical practice and public
      health. The United States population as a whole has a large high-risk segment.
      Since the late 1950s, significant population-wide changes have occurred in life
      styles (diet, smoking, exercise habits), and this is especially true of the more
      educated. The proportion of persons with detected, treated, and controlled high
      blood pressure has risen markedly in all population strata. Consequently, a
      favorable shift has occurred in the population distribution of the major
      established risk factors: "rich" diet, hypercholesterolemia, high blood pressure,
      and cigarette smoking. It can be reasonably inferred that the steady and marked
      declines in death rates in the United States from coronary heart disease, stroke,
      all cardiovascular diseases, and all causes since 1968 are related to reductions
      in these risk factors.

PMID- 6367449
TI  - Risk factors for coronary heart disease in perspective. European intervention
      trials.
AB  - High blood pressure, smoking, and lipid abnormalities are the dominating risk
      factors for myocardial infarction and sudden coronary death. The influence of one
      risk factor is markedly modified by other risk factors. In countries with low
      cholesterol levels, myocardial infarction and sudden coronary death may be
      uncommon, whereas stroke becomes a relatively important sequelae in patients with
      severe hypertension. However, in most western countries myocardial infarction and
      sudden coronary death are more common than stroke, especially in patients with
      moderate blood pressure elevations. The results of intervention studies in
      coronary heart disease must be viewed in the light of the general risk factor
      pattern. The side effects of drugs should be considered since large-scale
      intervention is often required in order to save a relatively small number of
      lives. In those at high risk from cardiovascular complications, certain drugs are
      possibly more effective than others in preventing the more serious end points.
      The results of the Oslo trial are compared with those of the WHO Multifactorial
      Trial, which randomized factories to intervention and control (nonintervention)
      in England, Belgium, and Italy, and also with the Goteborg Multiple Risk Factor
      Intervention Trial. A comparison of the different trials might indicate caution
      with respect to drug treatment in people with moderately increased risk factors.
      The effect of the incidence of coronary heart disease in different trials
      correlated broadly with changes in risk factors. Varying effects on mortality and
      morbidity might be found for different treatment modalities.

PMID- 6367450
TI  - Hypertension and coronary heart disease: cause and consequence or associated
      diseases?
AB  - Numerous epidemiologic and experimental studies have shown that increased
      arterial pressure accelerates atherosclerotic disease including coronary heart
      disease. Left ventricular hypertrophy also develops along with the development of
      hypertension. In uncomplicated stages of hypertension, left ventricular
      hypertrophy may enable the heart to maintain its performance against an increased
      afterload. Development of coronary heart disease in hypertensive heart disease
      could be one of the factors that impairs cardiac function in later stages of the
      disease so that the function of the heart can no longer match the increased
      afterload. It can also be argued that atherosclerotic disease commonly
      contributes to an increase in systolic blood pressure. Short-term increases in
      arterial pressure due to angina pectoris or other stressful events may trigger
      permanent hypertension; this is an interesting alternative that is yet to be
      investigated. Thus, it is possible that a cause/consequence relationship is
      involved between hypertension and coronary heart disease as opposed to a simple
      association. Furthermore, this cause/consequence relationship could sometimes be
      bidirectional.

PMID- 6367451
TI  - Effects of antihypertensive therapy on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in the
      Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial.
AB  - The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial was a randomized clinical trial that
      studied the efficacy of multiple risk factor reduction in lowering coronary heart
      disease mortality in high-risk men. Nutrition counseling based on a fat-modified
      eating pattern resulted in a significant reduction of total cholesterol and low
      density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, based on further analysis not involving
      comparisons of randomized groups, the reduction in total cholesterol appeared to
      be blunted by the effects of the antihypertensive medication utilized in the
      stepped-care therapy in this study. The use of diuretics was associated with an
      increase in triglycerides and a lesser decrease in total plasma cholesterol when
      compared with non-diuretic users. The use of diuretic therapy was also associated
      with a slight decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, when compared
      with changes in those not receiving diuretic therapy. The combination of
      diuretics plus propranolol was related to a substantial decrease in high-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol in both the Special Intervention and Usual Care
      participants. The changes in lipoproteins for men receiving diuretic therapy are
      probably influenced substantially by nutritional factors, especially weight
      change. Concomitant nutritional changes must be considered when analyzing the
      short- and long-term effects of therapy with diuretics or other antihypertensive
      drugs on lipoprotein metabolism.

PMID- 6367452
TI  - Controlled trial of medical therapy for active upper gastrointestinal bleeding
      and prevention of rebleeding.
AB  - This multicentered, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of medical
      therapy to stop bleeding in 285 patients with active upper gastrointestinal
      bleeding (bleeding phase) and 194 patients who had ceased gastrointestinal
      bleeding and in whom therapy was instituted to prevent rebleeding during the same
      hospitalization (prevention phase). Patients in the bleeding phase were given
      cimetidine (300 mg every six hours) or intravenous placebo. There was no
      significant overall difference between intravenous cimetidine (71 percent) and
      placebo (77 percent) in stopping acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. There was
      also no significant difference noted between intravenous cimetidine and placebo
      when specific bleeding lesions were evaluated. Once gastrointestinal bleeding had
      stopped, recurrence of bleeding while receiving prevention therapy (cimetidine
      tablets 300 mg one three times a day and at bedtime, or Mylanta II liquid 30 ml
      every hour, or cimetidine plus hourly antacids, or placebo) was evaluated in 194
      of the patients in the bleeding phase. Twenty-four percent (12 of 51 patients)
      rebled while receiving cimetidine, 13 percent (five of 39 patients) rebled while
      receiving hourly antacids, 11 percent (six of 54 patients) rebled while receiving
      cimetidine plus hourly antacids, and 26 percent (13 of 50 patients) rebled while
      receiving placebo. None of these prevention regimens reached statistical
      significance (p = 0.13). Evaluation of specific bleeding lesions within this
      group also failed to show any significant value of prevention therapy. IN
      CONCLUSION: (1) intravenous cimetidine offers no advantage over placebo in
      stopping active upper gastrointestinal bleeding; (2) the occurrence of rebleeding
      during the same hospitalization does not appear to be significantly affected by
      any of the medical regimens used for prevention. These findings would suggest
      that the cessation of active bleeding and the prevention of recurrent upper
      gastrointestinal bleeding during a single hospitalization appear to be unaffected
      by therapy directed at acid neutralization or reduction.

PMID- 6367453
TI  - Group B streptococcal arthritis in adults.
AB  - Group B streptococcal arthritis in adults is uncommon. This report describes
      seven cases seen at these institutions over the past five years and reviews the
      previous 17 documented cases. Of seven adults, three were diabetics, three had
      prosthetic hips, and one had undergone splenectomy. Six had undergone no prior
      dental, genitourinary, or gastrointestinal procedures. The most common clinical
      presentation was fever and acute joint pain. Five patients had monoarticular
      arthritis; two had multiple joint involvement. Underlying joint abnormalities
      included osteoarthritis (two), prosthetic hip (three), and neuropathic joint
      (one). Bacteremia was documented in three and suspected in the remaining four
      patients, often without a primary source. Therapy included parenteral
      antibiotics, usually penicillin G, and drainage of the involved joint. Two of
      three patients with prosthetic implants required Girdlestone procedures; the
      third was apparently cured. The three diabetic patients died, one with resolution
      of group B streptococcal arthritis. The seventh patient was cured. Group B
      streptococcal arthritis is a serious infection in adults with diabetes and late
      prosthetic hip infections.

PMID- 6367454
TI  - Pooled analyses of randomized trials of streptokinase and heparin in
      phlebographically documented acute deep venous thrombosis.
AB  - Although thrombolysis with streptokinase has been compared with heparin
      anticoagulation for treating acute proximal deep venous thrombosis in several
      randomized trials, no individual study has had a sample of sufficient size to
      determine with adequate power both efficacy and safety. Therefore, results were
      pooled from six randomized studies in which phlebography was used to confirm the
      diagnosis and to assess therapy. Thrombolysis was achieved 3.7 times more often
      among patients treated with streptokinase than among patients treated with
      heparin (95 percent confidence limits 2.5, 5.7; p less than 0.0001). Only three
      studies allowed comparison of these drugs for major bleeding complications, which
      were 2.9 times greater with streptokinase than with heparin (95 percent
      confidence limits 1.1, 8.1; p = 0.04). Thus, in aggregate, streptokinase-treated
      patients achieved thrombolysis but also seemed to experience major bleeding
      complications more frequently than those assigned at random to receive heparin.
      Future trials of sufficient sample size should be undertaken to evaluate efficacy
      and safety. Such trials, which should include newer fibrinolytic agents, are
      necessary to determine optimal therapy for acute proximal deep venous thrombosis.

PMID- 6367455
TI  - Symposium on infectious complications of neoplastic disease (Part I).
      Introduction and epidemiology.
AB  - An approach to infections in cancer patients is outlined that divides such
      infections into those due to underlying disease, those related to underlying
      disease plus therapy, and those related to therapy alone. The incidence of such
      infections in each of the categories is discussed, together with a general
      outline of patterns and trends in regard to involved microorganisms. Several
      specific areas discussed include: problems of superinfection with newer
      antimicrobial agents; the current inadequacy of diagnostic techniques; the
      potential for early treatment with monoclonal antibodies; the potential for
      augmenting one or more host defenses prior to sundering other defenses during
      antitumor chemotherapy; the potential value of a variety of nutrients that either
      may be depleted or might be of benefit in enhancing host defense mechanisms.

PMID- 6367456
TI  - Approaching the controversies in antibacterial management of cancer patients.
AB  - The principles for management of infectious complications in cancer patients are
      continuing to evolve. The critical element includes the prompt institution of
      broad-spectrum antibiotic(s) empirically when granulocytopenic patients become
      febrile and continuation and modification of the regimen in patients with
      persistent fever and granulocytopenia. The view is presented that antibiotics
      provide systemic prophylaxis as well as therapy in persistently granulocytopenic
      patients and that they should be continued until all signs of infection have
      cleared or the granulocyte count has recovered. Such aggressive therapy,
      supplemented by continued evaluation and monitoring of the patient, can
      significantly reduce infection-relation morbidity and mortality.

PMID- 6367457
TI  - Opportunistic fungal infections in patients with neoplastic disease.
AB  - Opportunistic infections with yeast and molds are increasingly common in patients
      with neoplastic diseases. Candida species, Aspergillus species, Phycomyces, and
      Cryptococcus neoformans remain most common, but other organisms are being
      encountered as pathogens. With the exception of Cryptococcus, most opportunistic
      fungal infections are difficult to diagnose. New diagnostic tests for these
      diseases are being evaluated. Amphotericin B remains the antifungal agent of
      choice. In certain patients, the addition of 5-fluorocytosine may improve the
      outcome. Experience with cryptococcosis in severely immunocompromised cancer
      patients at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center suggests that those who are
      treated with amphotericin B intravenously and intraventricularly via an Ommaya
      reservoir along with 5-fluorocytosine do better than those treated with
      amphotericin B alone.

PMID- 6367459
TI  - Interruption of the inferior vena cava by clip or filter.
AB  - Interruption of the inferior vena cava is usually performed with either external
      clipping or transvenous filter placement. For patients unable to tolerate general
      anesthesia and laparotomy, the advantages of transvenous filters rather than
      clips are obvious. However, for some patients, the use of either clips or filters
      is possible. In general, retrospective observational studies of inferior vena
      caval interruption have not adequately accounted for baseline patient
      characteristics such as age, presence of cancer, and history of prior venous
      thromboembolism. These confounding factors can independently affect subsequent
      rates of both recurrent embolism and overall mortality. A comparative,
      controlled, prospective evaluation of inferior vena caval clipping versus
      transvenous filter placement among patients who are appropriate candidates for
      either procedure has not been undertaken. It is suggested that, among patients
      with good long-term prognoses, a randomized controlled trial would be necessary
      to help determine whether clipping or transvenous filter placement is more
      efficacious.

PMID- 6367458
TI  - Assessment of therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. PCP Therapy Project
      Group.
AB  - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia has been recognized in about 60 percent of
      patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The Centers for
      Disease Control, in collaboration with 19 medical centers, retrospectively
      studied 282 biopsy-confirmed cases of P. carinii pneumonia to determine the
      efficacy and safety of anti-Pneumocystis therapy. Adult patients with P. carinii
      pneumonia secondary to AIDS and to other known causes of immune deficiency were
      enrolled. AIDS patients experienced a longer time from onset to diagnosis. All
      patients received the standard treatments for their infections. There was no
      difference in survival rates through 90 days of follow-up between AIDS patients
      and adults with known causes of immune deficiency. However, AIDS patients
      required a longer duration of therapy and experienced a higher rate of relapse.
      Failure of therapy with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was found to be a poor
      prognostic sign. After failure of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, measures of
      patient outcome were similarly affected by adding or substituting pentamidine
      isethionate.

PMID- 6367460
TI  - Enhanced efficacy of U-500 insulin in the treatment of insulin resistance caused
      by target tissue insensitivity.
AB  - This report describes a 55-year-old diabetic patient with severe insulin
      resistance due to obesity and hepatic cirrhosis. Anti-insulin antibodies were
      responsible for only a minor part of the insulin resistance. Insulin resistance
      was mediated primarily at the target tissue level by a combination of insulin
      receptor deficiency and a postreceptor defect. When the patient was treated with
      U-500 regular pork insulin subcutaneously, her insulin requirement was only one
      third to one half of that during U-100 NPH or regular insulin treatment. The
      reasons for the greater efficacy of U-500 insulin are unknown. U-500 insulin may
      have a place in the optimization of therapy for patients with insulin resistance
      of nonimmunologic origin.

PMID- 6367461
TI  - Diagnosis complicated by group A streptococcus.

PMID- 6367462
TI  - Evaluation of API 20E strips for identification of coagulase-negative
      staphylococci from the urinary tract.
AB  - A previous study indicated that the API 230E system can identify coagulase
      negative Staphylococcus species. A study was devised to evaluate the use of the
      API 20E system for this purpose. Because of the current interest in
      Staphylococcus saprophyticus the relationship of the API 20E results to
      novobiocin susceptibility was also examined. One hundred forty-nine isolates of
      coagulase-negative staphylococci from urine cultures were tested with the API 20E
      system. The identification of 49 isolates was confirmed by Kloos and Schleifer
      method. We found that the routine API 20E system did not provide more information
      than novobiocin susceptibility studies alone, and that there was good but not
      absolute correlation between novobiocin resistance and identification of S.
      saprophyticus.

PMID- 6367463
TI  - Therapeutic drug monitoring: an historical introduction.

PMID- 6367464
TI  - Capnocytophaga: a review of the literature.
AB  - Capnocytophaga species are normal mouth flora but can be opportunistic pathogens
      causing juvenile peridontitis and bacteremia in the compromised host. Indole
      negative fusiforms isolated anaerobically or in the presence of increased CO2 can
      presumptively be identified as Capnocytophaga species.

PMID- 6367465
TI  - Serum autoantibodies in patients with sickle cell anemia.
AB  - The prevalence of serum autoantibodies was determined in 50 black adult patients
      with sickle cell anemia, and in 33 age- and sex-matched healthy black
      individuals. Twenty-seven of the patients (54%) had at least one type of
      autoantibody, in contrast to only four (18.2%) of the control subjects (P less
      than .01). Antismooth muscle, antiskeletal muscle and antinuclear antibodies were
      the most frequently seen autoantibodies. There was no correlation between the
      presence of autoantibodies and history of hepatitis, number of blood transfusions
      or concurrent drug therapy. Sickle cell anemia is associated with the induction
      of autoimmune phenomena.

PMID- 6367466
TI  - A randomized study of tobramycin plus ticarcillin, tobramycin plus cephalothin
      and ticarcillin, or tobramycin plus mezlocillin in the treatment of infection in
      neutropenic patients with malignancies.
AB  - Two hundred twenty-five patients with 358 febrile episodes were treated with
      tobramycin and ticarcillin (TT), tobramycin and mezlocillin (TM), or tobramycin,
      ticarcillin and cephalothin (TTC). There were no statistically significant
      differences in the response rates for patients who were proven to have infection
      (67% with TT, 69% with TTC and 53% with TM). Patients were more often cured of
      their infection if their neutrophil count rose during therapy. In this study, the
      addition of cephalothin to TT did not increase the frequency of azotemia (10% and
      12%, respectively). Although mezlocillin has a broader spectrum of activity in
      vitro than ticarcillin, it was not more efficacious when combined with tobramycin
      than ticarcillin plus tobramycin for the treatment of infections in neutropenic
      patients.

PMID- 6367467
TI  - Plasma potassium changes in anuric hyperglycemia treated with insulin.
AB  - We followed sequentially the plasma potassium concentration in five, essentially
      anuric, hyperglycemic patients with no known abnormality of potassium metabolism
      and treated only with insulin. Acid-base balance, external potassium and fluid
      balance, and weights did not change during observation. The following changes in
      plasma potassium concentration (delta K) were noted: In initial hyperkalemia
      (three patients) delta K was -1.8 +/- 0.1 mmol/l (p less than 0.005). In
      normokalemia (one patient) delta K was -1.3 mmol/l. In hypokalemia (one patient)
      delta K was +0.1 mmol/l. The correlation between the starting potassium
      concentration and the change in potassium concentration was -0.88 (p = 0.05).
      CONCLUSIONS: When only parenteral insulin is used for treatment and acid-base
      balances and body weights do not change during treatment in anuric hyperglycemia:
      a) The change in potassium concentration is dependent on the starting plasma
      potassium concentration, b) hyperkalemic patients will drop their plasma
      potassium concentration toward normal, and c) hypokalemic patients may not need
      potassium replacement.

PMID- 6367468
TI  - Pulmonary artery stenosis resulting in ventilation-perfusion mismatch in a young
      female.
AB  - Pulmonary embolism is a disorder associated with significant morbidity and
      mortality in which early, accurate diagnosis is imperative. Controversy exists as
      to whether this disorder is being overdiagnosed or underdiagnosed. Processes
      other than pulmonary embolism may produce scintigraphic ventilation-perfusion
      mismatch and alter the diagnostic specificity of this technique in a small but
      significant subset of patients. We report a case in which pulmonary ventilation
      perfusion mismatch was produced by pulmonary vessel stenosis without evidence of
      embolic disease. Paradoxically, although the specificity in diagnosing pulmonary
      embolism with scintigraphic techniques has increased markedly, still greater
      caution must be exercised in order to preserve this specificity.

PMID- 6367469
TI  - Myocardial abscess due to Klebsiella pneumoniae complicating acute infarction.
AB  - A case is described in which Klebsiella pneumoniae urosepsis associated with
      acute myocardial infarction resulted in myocardial abscess and papillary muscle
      rupture. The diagnosis was made during surgery for mitral valve replacement. The
      patient improved after therapy with cefotaxime; however, cardiac rupture occurred
      on the sixth postoperative day. The pathogenesis of myocardial abscess and the
      use of non-invasive techniques for diagnosis are discussed.

PMID- 6367470
TI  - Synergistic action of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole for Nocardia asteroides:
      efficacious therapy in five patients.
AB  - Eighteen isolates of Nocardia asteroides were tested for in vitro susceptibility
      to trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) alone and in various
      combinations using disc and paper strip diffusion tests. TMP-SMZ showed
      synergistic action for two-thirds of teh nocardia isolates tested. Five patients
      with Nocardia pneumonia were treated with TMP-SMZ and all were cured. Four of the
      patients' isolates were tested and all showed synergistic patterns of inhibition
      with the spaced disc and paper strip methods. The agar diffusion disc and synergy
      tests of TMP-SMZ appear to correlate with clinical usefulness when the Nocardia
      are susceptible with large zones of inhibition around the combination TMP-SMZ
      disc.

PMID- 6367471
TI  - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 6367472
TI  - Selecting a home care equipment vendor.

PMID- 6367473
TI  - Stress.

PMID- 6367474
TI  - Effects of parenteral administration of estrogen and androgen on plasma hormone
      levels and hot flushes in the surgical menopause.
AB  - In a prospective, double-blind, crossover study, it was found that surgically
      menopausal women who received an estrogen drug alone and those who were given a
      combined estrogen-androgen preparation reported a significantly reduced frequency
      of hot flushes compared to a placebo group (p less than 0.01) coincident with
      their higher total plasma estrogen levels (p less than 0.01). The administration
      of testosterone alone, however, was ineffective in alleviating hot flushes, even
      though these patients had plasma estrogen values that were not different from
      those of women with intact ovaries. It was proposed that, in women with very low
      levels of endogenous estrogens, changes in sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)
      concentrations induced by exogenous testosterone may reduce the amount of non
      SHBG-bound estrogens, thereby obviating estrogenic effects on hot flushes.

PMID- 6367475
TI  - Evaluation of a rapid method for the detection of vaginal group B streptococci in
      women in labor.
AB  - Group B streptococci infection is an important cause of neonatal morbidity and
      mortality. Effective therapeutic intervention has been prevented to date by our
      inability to rapidly detect vaginal colonization. Material obtained from the
      lower vagina of 414 women in labor was cultured, incubated in modified Islam
      serum starch broth and observed on the ward for the production of orange
      carotenoid pigment specific for group B streptococci. Subcultures yielded 48 true
      group B streptococci-positive results. For the Islam broth, the pigment appeared
      in 2 to 22.5 hours (median, 12.5 hours). The test was shown to have a sensitivity
      of 96% and a specificity of 100% for group B streptococci. This study
      demonstrated a simple inexpensive method of detecting vaginal group B
      streptococci colonization which does not require sophisticated 24-hour laboratory
      facilities. The method holds promise as a screening test for future intervention
      studies.

PMID- 6367476
TI  - Use of prenatal diagnosis among parents of infants with spina bifida in Atlanta,
      Georgia, 1976-1979.
AB  - A follow-up was made of the parents of a population-based cohort of 154 infants
      with spina bifida who were born in Atlanta during 1972-1979. We interviewed the
      parents of these infants and, for pregnancies after the spina bifida-affected
      birth, the ratio of use of prenatal diagnosis and the rate of recurrence of spina
      bifida were ascertained. Among 43 pregnancies which occurred in 1976 or later,
      and which occurred after a spina bifida-affected birth, prenatal diagnosis was
      used for 27 pregnancies (63%). For whites, among full siblings born after a spina
      bifida-affected birth, the recurrence rate for spina bifida was 2% (1/51). For
      blacks, among seven full siblings born after a spina bifida-affected birth, none
      was affected. Prenatal diagnosis appears to be well accepted among these parents
      of infants with spina bifida.

PMID- 6367477
TI  - Evidence that prostacyclin deficiency is a specific feature in preeclampsia.
AB  - Much evidence has implied a deficient production of the antiaggregatory and
      vasodilator agent prostacyclin (PGI2) in preeclampsia and some other chronic
      fetoplacental insufficiency syndromes. So that we could study whether this might
      be due to the possible effects of the mode of delivery and maternal epidural or
      general anesthesia, specimens of the umbilical arteries of infants born after
      normal (n = 46) or complicated (n = 25) pregnancies were superfused in vitro and
      their production of PGI2 was determined by measuring 6-keto-prostaglandin F1
      alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha, the hydrolysis product of PGI2) by radioimmunoassay.
      The amounts of umbilical 6-keto-PGF1 alpha released in normal pregnancies after
      induced vaginal delivery (20.9 +/- 2.4 ng/gm/min dry weight of tissue, mean +/-
      SEM) and elective cesarean section (21.8 +/- 2.2 ng/gm/min) were smaller (p less
      than 0.025) than the amounts released after spontaneous onset of labor (35.0 +/-
      6.2 ng/gm/min). Epidural or general anesthesia had no effect on this production.
      When the types of deliveries were matched, the production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha
      was even less (p less than 0.05) in cases of preeclampsia (14.2 +/- 3.7
      ng/gm/min; n = 9) than in the control subjects (21.3 +/- 1.6 ng/gm/min) and in
      cases of essential hypertension (21.6 +/- 5.2 ng/gm/min). Our data suggest that
      umbilical PGI2 deficiency is a specific feature of preeclampsia.

PMID- 6367478
TI  - Peripartum cardiomyopathies: a review.

PMID- 6367479
TI  - Surgical repair of medial wall fractures.
AB  - We treated ten patients with medial wall fractures, five of whom had concomitant
      floor fractures. The most consistent preoperative findings were restriction in
      abduction with retraction of the globe and limitation in adduction. A direct
      medial canthal surgical approach provided adequate exposure for removing
      incarcerated tissue as well as covering the defect with a thin silicone implant.
      There were no surgical complications or evidence of implant migration, the
      longest follow-up being two years. Of the ten patients, six had satisfactory
      results with full or nearly full ductions, one was orthophoric in the primary
      position but still had significant restriction in abduction, and three had
      persistent diplopia in the primary position.

PMID- 6367480
TI  - Responses of lymphocytes to anisotonic media: volume-regulating behavior.
AB  - The regulatory responses elicited in lymphoid cells suspended in anisotonic media
      are reviewed. The immediate response approximates osmometric behavior. In
      addition, in hypotonic media, the initial osmometric swelling is followed by a
      regulatory volume decrease (RVD), which is associated with KCl loss. The volume
      induced effluxes of K+ and Cl- are mediated by two independent conductive
      pathways. Ca2+-depletion experiments and studies of inhibitor susceptibility
      suggest that Ca2+ may mediate the activation of the K+ pathway. The responses of
      the two main lymphocyte subpopulations to hypotonic challenge are different. RVD
      is much more rapid in T- than in B-cells, regardless of their tissue of origin.
      Under certain conditions, shrunken lymphocytes will regain their initial volume.
      This regulatory volume increase (RVI) is due to NaCl uptake, followed by a
      secondary exchange of Na+ for K+ via the Na+-K+ pump. Na+ is primarily taken up
      in exchange for H+ through an amiloride-sensitive pathway, whereas Cl- enters in
      exchange for HCO-3 (or OH-). Anion and cation fluxes responsible for RVI are
      electroneutral. Some of the volume-sensitive pathways can also be activated in
      isotonic cells. The conductive K+ pathway is activated by Ca2+ plus ionophore
      A23187, and the Na+-H+ exchanger can be activated by cytoplasmic acidification.
      The responses of lymphocytes to anisotonic challenge are compared with those of
      other cells, and the possible significance of the volume-induced fluxes is
      discussed.

PMID- 6367481
TI  - Insulin-specific receptor-mediated slowing of beat rate in embryonic heart cells.
AB  - Spheroidal aggregates of embryonic heart cells showed their spontaneous beat rate
      when exposed to insulin. The concentration that produced a half-maximal response
      (1.7 nM) corresponded to the dissociation constant of binding to a specific high
      affinity insulin receptor. The pace-maker phase of action potentials recorded
      during insulin perfusion was preceded by a prolonged or flattened after
      hyperpolarization, and its slope was less steep than controls. The action
      potential duration was also prolonged. These results indicate that physiological
      concentrations of insulin can regulate the embryonic heart rate.

PMID- 6367482
TI  - Electrical properties of dog tracheal epithelial cells grown in monolayer
      culture.
AB  - Epithelial cells from dog trachea, when grown in tissue culture, formed confluent
      monolayers 5-6 days after plating. After 8-10 days, domes [mean diam 356 +/- (SE)
      53 micron] appeared in monolayers grown in collagen-coated flasks. When grown on
      polycarbonate filters coated with collagen, a detectable resistance (greater than
      5 omega X cm2) and transepithelial potential difference (PD) (greater than 0.1
      mV) developed 6 days after plating and increased to approximately 15 omega X cm2
      and 15 mV at 10 days. Serosal ouabain (10(-4) M) abolished PD and short-circuit
      current (Isc). Luminal ouabain had no effect. Luminal amiloride (10(-4) M) and
      serosal bumetanide (10(-4) M) each decreased PD and Isc. However, a combination
      of both of these drugs did not abolish Isc. Isoproterenol (10(-5) M), dibutyryl
      adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (10(-3) M), vasoactive intestinal peptide
      (10(-7) M), prostaglandin (PG) E2 (10(-5) M), PGF2 alpha (10(-5) M), and
      bradykinin (10(-5) M) each increased PD and Isc. Thus these monolayer cultures
      maintain electrical properties resembling those of the original tissue. This
      preparation may prove useful for the study of water and ion transport by airway
      epithelia.

PMID- 6367483
TI  - Sex difference in insulin-stimulated glucose transport in rat and human
      adipocytes.
AB  - In an effort to determine whether differences in basal and maximum insulin
      stimulated glucose transport by isolated adipocytes are a function of donor sex,
      we measured glucose transport rates in the absence and presence of 8 nM insulin
      in adipocytes isolated from the abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue of nine male
      and ten female subjects with varying degrees of obesity and in adipocytes
      isolated from the abdominal subcutaneous and retroperitoneal fat tissue of (180
      220 g) male and female rats. Because maximal insulin-stimulated glucose transport
      rate per cell of adipocytes isolated from subcutaneous abdominal tissue of male
      and female subjects was constant in each sex, the data have been normalized on
      the basis of transport per cell. The results demonstrated that basal and maximal
      insulin-stimulated glucose transport per cell was 53-75% higher per cell in the
      females versus males in adipocytes from human subcutaneous abdominal adipose
      tissue (P less than 0.01). A similar difference in glucose transport rate between
      males and females (P less than 0.001) was also found in rat abdominal
      subcutaneous adipose tissue. Adipocytes isolated from rat retroperitoneal adipose
      tissue had higher transport rates (approximately three-fold) and smaller sex
      differences (35% higher in females) than found in adipocytes from rat and human
      subcutaneous tissue. These results indicate that basal and maximum insulin
      stimulated glucose transport is higher by adipocytes isolated from females and
      that this difference is independent of adipose cell size and species.

PMID- 6367484
TI  - Chronic norepinephrine infusion and insulin and glucagon secretion in the dog.
AB  - The effect of epinephrine on glucose homeostasis has been studied extensively in
      many species, but there is little data on the effects of another catecholamine,
      norepinephrine. This study was designed to examine the alterations that occur in
      insulin and glucagon secretion during a chronic low-dose infusion of
      norepinephrine in free-roaming dogs. A total of four intravenous glucose
      tolerance tests and insulin-induced hypoglycemia tests were performed on each of
      five dogs infused with norepinephrine (1.4 g/min) for 3 mo and on each of eight
      control dogs. The infusion resulted in a threefold increase in plasma
      norepinephrine without a significant effect on blood pressure. Fasting serum
      glucose was elevated significantly in the norepinephrine-infused dogs [102.4 +/-
      2.1 vs. 92.8 +/- 1.7 (SE) mg/100 ml]. Fasting plasma glucagon was elevated by the
      norepinephrine infusion (58.4 +/- 7.6 vs. 31.3 +/- 3.1 pg/ml), whereas fasting
      serum insulin was inhibited (12.3 +/- 1.3 vs 16.8 +/- 1.7 U/ml). Glucagon
      secretion in response to hypoglycemia was markedly enhanced in the infused dogs
      compared with controls. It has been reported that the infusion of norepinephrine
      in humans will inhibit insulin secretion and increase serum glucose
      concentrations but have no effect on serum glucagon concentrations. The
      stimulation of glucagon by norepinephrine has been demonstrated in the isolated,
      perfused canine pancreas but has not been reported previously in the free-roaming
      dog.

PMID- 6367485
TI  - Origin of sensation in the esophagus.
AB  - The sensory innervation of the esophagus is important both to physicians, for
      whom esophageal sensation can cause clinical confusion, and to physiologists, who
      wish to understand the regulation of esophageal motion. Sensory mechanisms in the
      gut in general are not well understood. Mechanoreceptive reflexes and their
      pathways, both parasympathetic and sympathetic, have been studied in the
      esophagus, and thermoreceptive reflex pathways that are parasympathetic have
      recently been described. The terminal sensory innervation of the esophagus
      contains several structures that may be receptors to such stimuli. Esophageal
      striated muscle contains muscle spindles like those of somatic muscle. Within the
      myenteric plexus, the bodies of certain ganglion cells themselves may be
      mechanoreceptive. Also, complex subcapsular laminar arborizations that arise from
      cells of the nodose ganglion have been described in ganglia of the esophageal
      myenteric plexus. Similar laminar arborizations have been found on vessels of the
      submucosa in the midesophagus. In the esophageal mucosa, the terminal innervation
      ends in structures of diverse form located both superficially and deep in the
      squamous epithelium. Thus, a variety of specific neural structures that seem to
      represent the terminals of sensory nerves exist in the esophagus and may serve
      the mechanoreceptive and thermoreceptive reflexes that modify esophageal
      motility.

PMID- 6367486
TI  - Phosphatidylcholine metabolism during renal growth and regeneration.
AB  - Phosphatidylcholine, the most abundant phospholipid in renal cellular membranes,
      is synthesized predominantly via the Kennedy pathway in normal and growing kidney
      tissue. Augmented biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine is one of the earliest
      responses to growth signals in renal cells. During potassium depletion,
      regeneration after acute tubular necrosis, and compensatory growth after
      uninephrectomy increased membrane phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis precedes the
      appearance of new organelles and surface structures and the onset of cell
      division. The increment in phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in the growing
      kidneys of potassium-depleted rats appears to be mediated by enhanced cellular
      uptake of the precursor choline and activation of the enzyme cytidine
      diphosphocholine:1,2-diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase. Specific amino
      acids, cations, and polyamines can modify the activity of this microsomal enzyme
      in normal and growing renal cells. Phospholipase A also plays a regulatory role
      in phosphatidylcholine metabolism because inhibition of this catabolic enzyme
      favors phospholipid accretion and kidney growth during potassium depletion,
      whereas stimulation of the enzyme leads to brisk phospholipid breakdown and a
      decrease in tissue mass during potassium repletion.

PMID- 6367487
TI  - Cardiopulmonary response of the rat to gram-negative bacteremia.
AB  - Hemodynamic and respiratory effects of a continuous 5-h intravenous infusion of
      live Escherichia coli were studied in rats. Control animals were infused with
      saline. Rats infused with 1.8 +/- 0.4 X 10(10) bacteria/h did not survive a 5-h
      infusion. These animals developed early hypotension and reduced cardiac output
      (CO) measured by thermal dilution technique. Rats infused with 8.0 +/- 0.4 X
      10(9) bacteria/h survived a 5-h infusion with hypotension and reduced CO
      occurring later in the course of bacteremia. Heart rate was markedly elevated in
      both septic groups. Arterial blood gas measurements revealed that partial
      pressure of O2 was not affected by bacteremia, but partial pressure of CO2 was
      significantly decreased. Arterial pH remained within the normal range indicating
      respiratory compensation of a metabolic acidosis. Since hypotension and reduced
      CO were accompanied by a fall in right atrial pressure (RAP) during bacteremia, a
      third septic group was studied to evaluate cardiac performance during volume
      loading. After 3-5 h of bacteremia, a 40% reduction in CO was associated with a
      significant drop in arterial pressure and RAP. Despite volume loading,
      ventricular stroke work and arterial pressure were significantly reduced compared
      with control animals. The results indicate that severe gram-negative bacteremia
      produces myocardial depression in the rat. This model can be useful for further
      studies of cardiac dysfunction during sepsis.

PMID- 6367488
TI  - Oxidation of carbohydrates and palmitate by intact cultured neonatal rat heart
      cells.
AB  - The rates of uptake and oxidation of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and palmitate
      were measured for "mixed" cultures of rat heart cells that exhibit a myocyte-to
      fibroblast ratio similar to that observed in vivo. Glucose uptake and conversion
      to lactate were also measured using enriched cultures of myocytes and
      fibroblasts. The metabolism of mixed cultures, which contain 70-80% myocytes,
      closely resembles that of enriched myocyte cultures. The energy production and
      substrate oxidation rates of cultured neonatal heart cells, adult myocytes, and
      perfused hearts are compared. It appears that the energy requirements of cultured
      heart cells are much lower than that of whole tissue. The results suggest that
      the metabolism of cultured heart cells may be basically the same as those in vivo
      but appears to be different because of reduced energy requirements in culture.

PMID- 6367489
TI  - Comparison of renin-specific IgG and antibody fragments in studies of blood
      pressure regulation.
AB  - The use of antirenin antibody and its fragments as specific tools for the
      analysis of the role of renin in blood pressure regulation is assessed in this
      study. Specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) or its antibody fragments (Fab) raised
      against purified canine renal renin were employed. These agents had no effect on
      blood pressure in the sodium-replete unanesthetized dog but induced systemic
      vasodepressor response (16.4 +/- 2 mmHg mean pressure) and suppression of plasma
      renin activity in sodium-deplete animals. Renin-specific IgG or Fab restored mean
      systemic pressure of acute renovascular hypertensive dogs to normotensive levels
      (132 +/- 2 to 90 +/- 5 mmHg) associated with inhibition of plasma renin activity
      (11.2 +/- 2 to 1.4 +/- 0.7 ng angiotension I X ml-1 X h-1). A linear relationship
      was demonstrated between the reduction in mean systemic pressure and fall in
      plasma renin activity (r = 0.87, P less than 0.005). The onset of action of both
      agents occurred within minutes. However, the peak effect of Fab was observed
      within 1-2 min, while that of IgG was delayed by approximately 20 min. The
      duration of action of Fab was short lived (about 30 min) whereas that for IgG was
      prolonged (up to 24 h). The results demonstrate the usefulness of renin-specific
      IgG and Fab as tools in physiological studies.

PMID- 6367490
TI  - Blood-brain interfaces in vertebrates: a comparative approach.
AB  - The neuronal microenvironment in the vertebrate brain is isolated from plasma by
      a series of selective membranes, including the blood-brain barrier, the choroid
      plexus, and the meningeal barrier. This review deals with the structure and
      function of these selective membranes in the different vertebrate classes.
      Present knowledge indicates that all vertebrates have brain barrier membranes
      and, further, that functional characteristics of these membranes are basically
      similar in all the vertebrate classes. The blood-brain barrier (or capillary
      glial complex) and the meningeal barrier have many of the properties of a tight
      epithelium, including the presence of tight junctions and specific transport
      mechanisms. The choroidal epithelium is a typical secretory epithelium. The
      functional significance of the specialized membranes located at the blood-brain
      interface is considered, and we suggest that the phylogenetic development of a
      blood-brain barrier provided neurons of the vertebrate brain with a unique
      extracellular milieu optimal both for synaptic communication and for nonsynaptic
      communication via the entire extracellular space.

PMID- 6367491
TI  - Red blood cell as glucose carrier: significance for placental and cerebral
      glucose transfer.
AB  - At plasma glucose values of 5 mM (90 mg/100 ml) the maximum glucose transport
      capacity of the human red cell membrane is 12,000 times the rate of glucose
      utilization by the red blood cell. Mammals, other than primates, that have been
      tested have a comparable high-capacity system during fetal life, which is lost
      soon after birth. It has been suggested that the availability of the water space
      of the red blood cell for distribution of glucose facilitates transfer across the
      placenta during fetal life in all mammals and across the blood-brain barrier in
      adult primates. Though plausible, more comparative studies of glucose transport
      in red blood cells of other species and direct experimental evaluations of the
      contribution of the red blood cell to glucose transfer across the placenta and
      the blood-brain barrier are needed.

PMID- 6367492
TI  - Changes in glycerol kinetics after E. coli endotoxin administration in dogs.
AB  - The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and maximal rate of glycerol removal (Rd max)
      were determined in anesthetized dogs at two time periods after the intravenous
      administration of either Escherichia coli endotoxin or saline. The nonisotopic
      method employed in these studies to determine the MCR of glycerol consisted of a
      constant infusion of glycerol at three different infusion rates. At each infusion
      rate a steady-state glycerol concentration was obtained. The reciprocal of the
      slope of the linear relationship between the glycerol infusion rate and the
      change in the steady-state arterial glycerol concentration was equal to the MCR
      of glycerol. Administration of endotoxin significantly decreased the MCR of
      glycerol, whereas the volume of distribution of glycerol was not altered
      significantly. The arterial glycerol turnover remained unaltered, whereas
      arterial glycerol concentration increased after endotoxin administration. The
      studies demonstrate that the elevated arterial glycerol concentration maintained
      the rate of glycerol turnover in the face of decreased efficiency of glycerol
      removal after endotoxin administration.

PMID- 6367493
TI  - Social skills training for psychiatric patients. I: Concepts, methods, and
      clinical results.
AB  - Deficits in social skills are often seen in psychiatric patients. In particular
      instances these may be a consequence of the psychiatric illness, a contributing
      cause to that illness, or a feature of the psychiatric disorder. During the last
      two decades, systematic training programs in social skills have been developed
      and evaluated for the amelioration of these deficiencies. The author critically
      reviews basic concepts and methods in social skills training and the results of
      treatment in case reports, analogue studies, and single-case experimental
      designs.

PMID- 6367494
TI  - Clinical comparison of thiothixene and thioridazine in schizophrenic adolescents.
AB  - Of 21 schizophrenic adolescents given thiothixene or thioridazine, many responded
      poorly or experienced sedation. Because sedation necessitates dose reductions,
      which limit therapeutic response, for schizophrenic adolescents high-potency
      neuroleptics may be preferable to the more sedating low-potency drugs.

PMID- 6367495
TI  - Treatment of panic disorder with imipramine alone.
AB  - Ten patients with panic disorder were treated solely with imipramine in an open
      pilot trial. All patients reported cessation of panic attacks and considerable
      overall improvement. Four patients who took medication 5 months or longer
      reported marked overall improvement.

PMID- 6367496
TI  - Open trial of S-adenosylmethionine for treatment of depression.
AB  - Nine depressed inpatients completed trials with S-adenosylmethionine. Seven
      showed improvement or remission of their symptoms. As in European studies, no
      side effects were seen except the apparent induction of mania in two patients
      with bipolar disorder.

PMID- 6367497
TI  - On confronting the Viet Nam veteran.

PMID- 6367498
TI  - Social skills training for psychiatric patients, II: Clinical outcome studies.
AB  - In this second paper on social skills training for psychiatric patients the
      author critically reviews the controlled clinical outcome studies of social
      skills training in a number of psychiatric populations: mentally retarded
      persons, depressed patients, psychiatric outpatients, and psychiatric inpatients.
      He points out that more research is needed to determine the effectiveness of
      social skills training, especially for patients with debilitating chronic mental
      illness.

PMID- 6367499
TI  - Nosocomial rabies: investigation of contacts of human rabies cases associated
      with a corneal transplant.
AB  - In October 1978 in Boise, Idaho, a woman died of rabies after receiving a corneal
      transplant from a man, who in retrospect was also found to have died of rabies.
      Investigation of 203 contacts of these two patients identified 94 who were felt
      to have had sufficient risk of exposure to justify being given rabies post
      exposure prophylaxis. Nurses, physicians, respiratory therapists, and family
      members were at greatest risk. We discuss the problems encountered in determining
      risk of exposure for contacts of humans with rabies.

PMID- 6367500
TI  - Experimental autoimmune damage to rat male accessory glands. I. Transfer of
      autoimmune response by spleen cells.
AB  - Spleen cells obtained 30 days after the first immunization of rats isoimmunized
      with an extract of male accessory glands (MAG) were capable of adoptively
      transferring specific cell-mediated immunity to normal syngenic recipients.
      Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were investigated in donor and in the
      recipient rats that were killed 7 days after intravenous (IV) injection of the
      cells. In recipient rats the cell-mediated immunity showed multiple ways of
      expression and in some cases this was exemplified by a sharp increase in regard
      to the donor's response. Furthermore, a widespread reactivity in the spleen,
      lymph nodes, and thymus cells was detected. On the contrary, no circulating
      antibodies to MAG antigens were demonstrated after the spleen cell transfer. Cell
      separation studies showed that a nylon wool-nonadherent cell was responsible for
      the transfer of the cell-mediated immune response. This was abrogated by
      depletion of T lymphocytes and treatment with antirat thymocytes serum and
      complement. The mechanism of transfer and development of the cell-mediated
      immunity in recipient rats is discussed.

PMID- 6367501
TI  - Anabolic steroids in athletics: how well do they work and how dangerous are they?
AB  - The use of anabolic drugs by athletes who wish to increase lean body mass and
      improve muscular strength is widespread, especially among elite weight-trained
      athletes. The current regimens used for steroid doping include combinations of
      injectable and oral preparations of steroids at doses 10 to 40 times greater than
      those prescribed therapeutically. Most of the scientific studies of steroid use
      by healthy male athletes have used steroid doses substantially lower than those
      used by many athletes. Analysis of these studies suggests that most persons will
      gain an average of 2.2 kg of lean body weight during steroid administration but
      that there exist great individual differences in strength changes induced by
      steroids. Approximately 50% of the investigations show significant improvements
      in strength measurements with steroid treatment, whereas the remainder show
      indefinite effects. There is no substantial evidence to support the use of
      anabolic steroids for improving aerobic work capacity. Anabolic steroids cause
      interrupted growth and virilization in children, birth defects in the unborn,
      severe virilization in women, and testicular atrophy and reduced blood levels of
      gonadotropins and testosterone in adult males. In addition, the oral preparations
      of anabolic steroids are associated with liver dysfunction, including carcinoma
      and peliosis hepatis, and a number of other disorders including unpredictable
      changes in mood, aggression, and libido. Although there have been only rare
      reports of severe or life-threatening side effects in athletes who have abused
      steroids, such side effects may not appear obvious until 20 years or more of
      widespread steroid abuse.

PMID- 6367502
TI  - The marathon: dietary manipulation to optimize performance.
AB  - Despite pronounced involvement of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems
      during the marathon, the limiting factor for this event revolves around the
      supply and utilization of intramuscular and extramuscular fuel reserves. The
      single most consistently observed factor contributing to fatigue at work
      intensities selected by marathon runners is the depletion of muscle's endogenous
      carbohydrate, glycogen. Dietary manipulations which reduce the rate of muscle
      glycogen degradation will, therefore, spare this important fuel and delay
      fatigue. The purpose of this paper will be to review dietary factors which are
      pertinent to fuel utilization in order to optimize marathon performance.

PMID- 6367503
TI  - Malakoplakia mimicking carcinoma metastatic to lung.
AB  - Malakoplakia is a rare inflammatory disorder which infrequently involves sites
      outside of the lower genitourinary or gastrointestinal tract. We report a case of
      malakoplakia in which the patient presented with a left renal mass and bilateral
      pulmonary nodules suggestive of metastatic renal carcinoma. Postmortem cultures
      of the lesions grew E. coli; macrophages at both sites contained gram-negative
      bacilli and numerous Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. X-ray spectroscopic analysis of
      the bodies showed wide variation in calcium, phosphorus, and iron content,
      suggesting that Michaelis-Gutmann bodies were formed in part by the deposition of
      amorphous salts.

PMID- 6367504
TI  - Immunohistologic diagnosis of orbital lymphoid infiltrates.
AB  - The distinction between benign and malignant lymphoid infiltrates of the orbit
      may be impossible on routine histopathologic sections. However, the detection of
      monotypic immunoglobulin is useful in distinguishing neoplastic from benign
      infiltrates. Since diagnostic frozen sections are often performed on biopsies of
      orbital masses to determine the adequacy of the biopsy and to provide a
      preliminary diagnosis, we stained additional frozen sections of 20 predominantly
      lymphoid infiltrates by an immunoperoxidase technique with antisera to
      immunoglobulin heavy and light chains. On routine sections, nine cases were
      malignant lymphoma, three were follicular hyperplasia, and eight (42%) were dense
      lymphocytic infiltrates of indeterminate nature. The nine lymphomas had monotypic
      immunoglobulin staining. The three histologically benign lesions had polytypic
      immunoglobulin. Six of the eight indeterminate lesions had monotypic
      immunoglobulin, supporting a diagnosis of lymphoma; two had polytypic staining.
      There was evidence of disseminated lymphoma at the time of diagnosis in five of
      nine patients with histologically malignant lesions and three of five with
      monoclonal indeterminate lesions for whom the information was available. Staining
      with monoclonal antibodies to T-cells revealed variable numbers of T-cells in all
      cases; their number and distribution did not distinguish benign from malignant
      lesions. The immunoperoxidase technique on frozen sections permits optimal use of
      small biopsy specimens for both morphologic and immunologic diagnosis. The
      majority of histologically indeterminate orbital lymphoid infiltrates were shown
      to be monoclonal.

PMID- 6367505
TI  - Intraperitoneal drainage.
AB  - Intraperitoneal drainage has been a subject of controversy and debate since the
      earliest recording of surgical theory and practice. A historical perspective
      helps us understand how we have arrived at our modern concepts. The evolution
      from Tait's dictum, "When in doubt, drain," to our present thinking coursed a
      century of scientific investigation and research. Animal and clinical studies
      since the time of Yates have led to the current views regarding prophylactic
      drainage, efficiency of drainage, and ways to minimize the complications of
      drainage. The three categories of intraperitoneal drains--passive, closed
      suction, and sump--have been discussed and general principles outlined.

PMID- 6367506
TI  - Cavitary Legionnaires' pneumonia: nosocomial infection in renal transplant
      recipients.
AB  - Cavitation is an unusual manifestation of legionnaires' pneumonia. Mortality
      rates range from 24 to 58 percent with effective therapy. Antibiotic therapy is
      not standardized and is largely based on anecdotal reports. This report has
      described nosocomially acquired cavitary legionnaires' pneumonia in five renal
      transplant recipients. The diagnosis was made by seroconversion and
      immunofluorescent staining of lung tissue or transtracheal aspirates. Frequently
      seen associated symptoms were not present. All patients were successfully treated
      with 2 to 4 g of erythromycin for at least 4 weeks.

PMID- 6367507
TI  - Colon perforation in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Report of two cases and review of
      the literature.
AB  - Two cases of spontaneous perforation of the colon in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type
      IV are reported, and eight cases previously reported in the English literature
      are reviewed. Emergency surgery for acute free colon perforation in patients with
      Ehlers-Danlos syndrome should be carried out in the following standard manner:
      exteriorization of the perforation or resection of the involved colon with end
      colostomy, and either closure of the rectal stump (Hartmann procedure) or distal
      mucous colostomy. The reported experience although small, indicates that a high
      incidence of recurrent perforation can be expected if bowel continuity is
      reestablished. Permanent colostomy status, therefore, appears advisable, despite
      the young ages of most of the patients.

PMID- 6367508
TI  - [Current data on heparin].

PMID- 6367509
TI  - [Heparin treatment of thromboembolic complications].

PMID- 6367511
TI  - [Clinical use of thrombolytic agents].

PMID- 6367510
TI  - [The adult intensive care physician and antivitamin K agents].

PMID- 6367512
TI  - [Role of A. Ia. Krassovskii in the development of surgical obstetrics].

PMID- 6367513
TI  - [Ernst Bumm (on the 125th anniversary of his birth)].

PMID- 6367514
TI  - [Development of the technology for fertilizing oocytes outside the body and
      transplanting embryos].

PMID- 6367515
TI  - [Clinical trial of a tribestan preparation in infertile men].

PMID- 6367516
TI  - Dr. Papanicolaou and the Pap smear.

PMID- 6367517
TI  - Abdominal wound closure.

PMID- 6367518
TI  - Prevention of coronary disease: an update.

PMID- 6367519
TI  - Successful second bone marrow transplantation in a patient with myositis
      ossificans progressiva and aplastic anemia.
AB  - Bone marrow transplantation has become the treatment of choice for patients with
      severe aplastic anemia who are fortunate enough to have allogeneic sibling
      donors. As patients have been transplanted earlier in the course of their
      disease, significant improvements have been obtained in long-term survival.
      However, in patients who have been sensitized by previous blood product
      transfusions, graft rejection continues to be a significant problem and second
      transplants when performed are frequently unsuccessful. This case report deals
      with a patient with myositis ossificans progressiva (MOP) who developed severe
      idiopathic aplastic anemia. He rejected his first graft after 160 days. However,
      he was successfully reingrafted with marrow from the same donor using a different
      conditioning regimen.

PMID- 6367520
TI  - Historical review of legislative and national initiatives for sickle cell
      disease.
AB  - The genes responsible for the transmission of sickle cell syndromes from one
      generation to the next were introduced into the new world during the 17th
      century. However, this disease was not recorded in the medical literature in the
      United States until 1910 by Herrick of Chicago. During the next 40 years, many
      additional cases were reported and a fairly large bibliography developed which
      dealt essentially with descriptive, clinical and pathological aspects of the
      disease. New interest in the syndrome occurred in 1949 when Pauling and his
      associates, employing chemical and electrophoretic techniques, showed that an
      abnormal hemoglobin was responsible for the sickling phenomenon. In the same
      year, Neel and Beet, working independently of each other, clarified the
      inheritance of the disease on the basis of the heterozygous-homozygous
      hypothesis. In 1958, Ingraham combined the techniques of electrophoresis,
      chromatography, and trypsin digestion ("fingerprinting") to show that the
      difference between hemoglobins A, C, and S was in the amino acid sequence of the
      polypeptide chains which make up the hemoglobin molecule. However, despite these
      notable advances, interest in the disease remained at a relatively low scientific
      and health care priority until February 1971, when President Nixon in his message
      to Congress indicated that greater attention and support for sickle cell disease
      should be made available at the national level. This paper will review some of
      the important legislative, political, and organizational initiatives which have
      had a significant impact on the development and implementation of the current
      national sickle cell disease program in the United States.

PMID- 6367521
TI  - Is a national program to prevent sickle cell disease possible?
AB  - There is no specific therapy for sickle cell disease, and there is no evidence
      that sickle hemoglobin screening by conventional methods will lead to a
      significant reduction in the number of children with sickle cell disease. Thus it
      follows that if there is to be a national program to prevent sickle cell disease,
      the only recourse is one based on prenatal diagnosis and selective abortion of
      affected embryos or fetuses. Present-day dire poverty and callous health care
      public policies lead to the inescapable conclusion that a concerted attempt to
      alleviate poverty and its consequent adverse effects on maternal, neonatal, and
      infant mortality should take precedence over, or at the least coincide with, a
      national program to prevent sickle cell disease. On the other hand, it is argued
      that a woman should have the right to decide whether or not she wishes to have a
      child with a genetic disorder, and that recent advances in research on prenatal
      diagnosis, particularly when supported by public funds, should be made available
      to all, and not just the affluent.

PMID- 6367522
TI  - Informed consent: does the consent process reflect the realities of current
      treatment, procedures, and side effects?
AB  - Quality in, quality out. The consent process can be complete and realistic or it
      can be a sham. The key is in whether physicians listen to parents' questions and
      answer them. It must be certain that information is given on what is happening,
      that the parent is told what could happen in the specific treatment involved, and
      that the information given is up-to-date. The law views each family as a unique
      entity with its own personal bundle of hopes, fears, and concerns, and views the
      consent process in the light of this subjective standard. Would the family
      consent to this treatment if it was disclosed that the treatment might result in
      sterility, mental dysfunction, or limb loss? Is there a risk that this child
      could become severely brain-damaged? Are there alternative treatments? A parent's
      decision as surrogate for a child can only be as good as the information that
      physicians provide.

PMID- 6367523
TI  - History of the American Society of Dermatopathology.

PMID- 6367524
TI  - Chronic atypical epithelial proliferation of Bowen. A historical and biographical
      note.

PMID- 6367525
TI  - Portrait of a dermatologist as an artist.

PMID- 6367526
TI  - Oscar Gans (1888-1983).

PMID- 6367527
TI  - Antibodies against nuclear components in schistosomiasis. Results compared to
      values in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and
      osteoarthrosis.
AB  - Occurrence of autoantibodies against nuclear material was compared in groups of
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA n = 22), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE
      n = 24), osteoarthrosis (OA n = 25), and chronic schistosomiasis mansoni (CSM n =
      28). Anti-ds DNA antibody was detected by an ammonium sulphate precipitation
      radioimmunoassay antibodies against extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) were
      detected and differentiated in RNAse-resistant and RNAse-sensitive components (Sm
      and RNP antigens) with an ELISA technique. IgG organ-non-specific and granulocyte
      specific antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were detected by immunofluorescence
      technique with quantitative titration of positive reactions and determination of
      complement-fixing properties. The results in groups of patients with SLE, RA and
      OA were of confirmative nature and supported that the different methods detect
      different systems of autoantibodies and nuclear autoantigens. In CSM it was
      demonstrated that 23 of 28 cases had positive reactions to the RNAse-resistant
      part of ENA (the Sm-antigen), a significant difference from the three other
      groups of patients (P less than 0.001). The antibody was in all cases of IgM
      class, in seven cases also of IgA class. Antibodies against nuclear material in
      CSM are probably a consequence of heavy disturbance of the immune system in this
      chronic infection with great permanent antigen load. It is a matter of
      discussion, whether production of these antibodies is induced by nuclear material
      from the host or from the parasite.

PMID- 6367528
TI  - Inhibition of the late phase reaction to anti-human IgE in man by oral tranexamic
      acid.
AB  - Pharmacological modulation of the immediate and late phase reaction (LPR) to anti
      human IgE was further investigated in a double-blind cross-over study. Tranexamic
      acid (AMCA) 1 g t.i.d. 24 h prior to and following intradermal injection of anti
      IgE produced an approximate 40% inhibition of the LPR (P less than 0.01) without
      affecting the early response as compared with placebo in 10 volunteers.
      Antagonistic effect on activation of fibrinolysis and possibly the complement
      system is suggested as a possible mode of action.

PMID- 6367529
TI  - Regulation of the IgE system: experimental and clinical aspects.

PMID- 6367530
TI  - [Preview of a work on the history of the Royal Academy of Medicine].

PMID- 6367531
TI  - Nurse practitioners: a review of the literature 1965-1982.

PMID- 6367532
TI  - Sleep apnoea following cervical cord surgery.
AB  - Two patients who developed sleep apnoea following upper cervical cord surgery are
      described. The underlying mechanisms and management of the sleep apnoea syndrome
      are discussed.

PMID- 6367534
TI  - Laryngeal muscle recovery after suxamethonium. Detection during intratracheal jet
      ventilation by pressure curve monitoring.
AB  - Complications due to intratracheal jet ventilation are often caused by the
      unrecognized recovery of laryngeal muscles. The rate of rise of pressure in a
      main bronchus alters with changes of the glottic aperture during jet ventilation.
      The special pressure curve monitor sets off an alarm when the steepness of the
      rising curve changes. During recovery these alarms, as well as the onset of
      phonation, coughing, spontaneous breathing and forearm muscle activity are
      recorded simultaneously. Forearm muscle activity always appears later than the
      alarm, and often later than the other recorded phenomena. Pressure curve
      monitoring provides advance warning of returning muscle activity in the larynx,
      but conventional muscle activity monitoring in the forearm does not.

PMID- 6367533
TI  - Nausea and vomiting during spinal anaesthesia. Effect of metoclopramide and
      domperidone: a double-blind trial.
AB  - A randomised, double-blind investigation was undertaken into the value of
      metoclopramide and domperidone as anti-emetics in orthopaedic patients who
      received spinal anaesthesia. Seventy-seven patients were divided into three
      statistically comparable groups: Group I received 10 mg metoclopramide, Group II
      10 mg domperidone, and Group III NaCl as placebo. These substances were given
      intravenously before the spinal puncture. There was a comparable decrease in mean
      arterial blood pressure (MAP), level of sensory block and dose of tetracaine in
      all three groups. The patients who were nauseated and/or vomited showed a greater
      decrease in MAP. The incidence of nausea and/or vomiting in the metoclopramide
      and the placebo group were similar, 20% and 15% respectively, whereas this
      complication was apparent in 35% of patients who received domperidone. We
      conclude that metoclopramide and domperidone in the dosages used are ineffective
      in alleviating nausea and vomiting after spinal anaesthesia.

PMID- 6367535
TI  - Anaesthetic management during repair of tracheo-oesophageal fistula.
AB  - A flexible fibreoptic laryngoscope was used to facilitate the passage of a long
      polyvinyl chloride tracheal tube into the left main bronchus during repair of a
      tracheo-oesophageal fistula situated near the carina in a patient in whom
      intubation with a double-lumen endobronchial tube was difficult. Close monitoring
      of neuromuscular transmission using a peripheral nerve stimulator also
      contributed to the successful anaesthetic management of this patient.

PMID- 6367537
TI  - Positive and expiratory pressure and one lung anaesthesia.

PMID- 6367536
TI  - High frequency jet ventilation.
AB  - A case is described where high frequency jet ventilation was used to avoid the
      cardiovascular depressant effects associated with conventional ventilation. Early
      weaning from inotropic and ventilatory support proved possible.

PMID- 6367538
TI  - [End inspiratory lung volumes as the limiting factor in PEEP ventilation].
AB  - In 17 patients requiring artificial ventilation expiratory pressure-volume curves
      (VPE) were plotted all over the inspiratory capacity (IC) between total lung
      capacity (TLC) and functional residual capacity (FRC). Then patients were
      ventilated with PEEP of 0, 5, 10 and 15 cmH2O for 30 min. The volume excursions
      with known PEEP were displayed graphically into the VPE to determine the position
      of end-inspiratory volume within the IC. The steep, quasi-linear part of each VPE
      was flattening exponentially against TLC in the upper part of the curve. This
      "overdistension range" was found to be identical with the upper 40% of IC. Heavy
      side-effects of PEEP ventilation were never seen before the inspiratory volume
      excursion had reached this upper 40% of IC. If this was the case, the following
      observations were made: 1. Static compliance (Cst) decreased by more than 10% in
      all cases. 2. Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) increased by more than 20% in
      12 cases. 3. Cardiac index (CI) decreased by more than 15% in 12 cases. 4. The
      alterations observed in Cst, PVR and CI increased rapidly, when the lungs were
      further distended, and were well correlated parabolically to the position of end
      inspiratory volume within IC. --5 patients failed to show important circulatory
      alterations. It is concluded that overdistension-related side-effects of PEEP on
      respiratory mechanics and circulation do not occur before the linear part of the
      pressure-volume curve has been exceeded by hyperinflation. For the first
      adjustment of controlled ventilation at least the upper third of IC should be
      avoided.

PMID- 6367539
TI  - Assay of N-acetylheparosan deacetylase with a capsular polysaccharide from
      Escherichia coli K5 as substrate.
AB  - A new substrate for the deacetylase which catalyzes the removal of the N-acetyl
      groups from N-acetylheparosan in the course of heparin biosynthesis has been
      prepared. The capsular polysaccharide from Escherichia coli 010:K5:H4, which is
      structurally identical to N-acetylheparosan, was partially N-deacetylated by
      hydrazinolysis and was then radioactively labeled by N-acetylation with
      [3H]acetic anhydride. Upon incubation of the labeled polysaccharide with
      microsomes from the Furth mastocytoma, [3H]acetyl groups were released,
      demonstrating that the bacterial polysaccharide was a substrate for the N
      deacetylase. Reaction conditions were established which permitted the
      quantitative assay of N-deacetylase activity; a Km of 74 mg polysaccharide/liter
      was determined, which corresponds to 2.1 X 10(-4) M, expressed as concentration
      of uronic acid; Vmax was 3.4 nmol/mg protein/liter. In confirmation of previous
      results, it was observed (a) that the reaction was stimulated by 3'
      phosphoadenylylsulfate (up to a maximum of 45% at a concentration of 0.5 mM),
      suggesting that N-sulfation occurred which facilitated continued action of the N
      deacetylase, and (b) that NaCl and KCl inhibited the enzyme, with 50% reduction
      of activity at a concentration of 25 mM. In the course of this work, a simple,
      single-vial assay procedure was used. Released [3H]acetate was extracted from the
      acidified reaction mixture with a toluene- or xylene-based scintillation fluid
      containing 10% isoamyl alcohol and measured directly by scintillation
      spectrometry.

PMID- 6367540
TI  - Determination of tissue plasminogen activator by an enzyme-immunoassay method.
AB  - The sensitive assay method of tissue plasminogen activator was established by an
      enzyme-immunoassay method, and discriminates tissue (nonurokinase) type
      plasminogen activator from urokinase. The sensitivity was 0.1 ng/assay tube, and
      the plasma concentration of tissue plasminogen activator in normal healthy
      subjects was 1.22 +/- 0.25 ng/ml. Distribution of tissue plasminogen activator
      was examined in normal tissue. A melanoma cell line was employed as cell culture
      medium for determination of tissue plasminogen activator.

PMID- 6367541
TI  - Determination of intracellular choline levels by an enzymatic assay.
AB  - A sensitive enzymatic assay for the measurement of intracellular choline is
      described. The separation of choline from choline-containing phospholipids is
      accomplished by a minor modification of the Folch technique. The method is based
      on the specific oxidation of choline by choline oxidase. Phenol and 4
      aminoantipyrine in the presence of hydrogen peroxide generated by the oxidation
      of choline and peroxidase form a red quinone dye which can be detected
      spectrophotometrically. The assay was useful between 12.5 and 100 nanomoles of
      choline. The recovery of standard choline in liver homogenates averaged 102 +/-
      1.6%. Structurally similar compounds produced minimal interference.

PMID- 6367542
TI  - Observation of cytochemical alkaline phosphatase activity on the plasma membrane
      of cultured rat hepatocytes by backscattered electron imaging.
AB  - Distribution of alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity on the plasma membrane of
      rat hepatocytes in primary monolayer culture was observed using the backscattered
      electron image (BEI) mode. Apparent reaction product was seen in hepatocytes
      cultured for 48 or 72 hours in a concentration of 8 X 10(5) cells per ml, and
      those cultured for 72 or 96 hours in a concentration of 6 or 4 X 10(5) cells per
      ml. The reaction product was observed as scattered fine dots, as spots, and as
      bands along the cell edge, with high contrast in flattened polyhedral hepatocytes
      forming cell trabeculae. The deposition of the reaction product was generally
      more abundant at the periphery of the cell trabeculae. X-ray microanalysis
      revealed that the reaction product contains both lead and phosphorus as real
      ALPase reaction product. In transmission electron microscopy, the reaction
      product was exclusively localized on the external surface of the plasma membrane.
      However, the plasma membrane adjoining the culture substratum was devoid of the
      reaction product. Further, the highest biochemical ALPase activity appeared in
      earlier culture stages when the density of cultured cells was larger. Thus,
      during a few days of culture, ALPase activity increases on the plasma membrane
      predominantly at the periphery of the hepatocyte trabeculae. This increase in the
      activity might be related to the mechanism of preserving the cell shape.

PMID- 6367543
TI  - Laryngeal effects of prolonged intubation.

PMID- 6367544
TI  - Platelet involvement in the activated coagulation time of heparinized blood.
AB  - The activated coagulation time (ACT), commonly used during cardiopulmonary bypass
      (CPB), is assumed to measure only differences in heparin levels. Studies were
      undertaken to determine whether platelet activation/inhibition might also
      influence the test. When either the platelet inhibitor prostacyclin or the
      platelet activator adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was added to healthy donor blood
      containing 2 IU of heparin per ml, there was significant prolongation of the ACT
      (prostacyclin: mean prolongation, 60.6%; ADP: mean prolongation, 52.3%). In blood
      taken from the extracorporeal circuit of ten CPB cases, the prolongation with the
      platelet inhibitor carbacyclin, a prostacyclin analogue, was infinite. It is
      concluded that the ACT as used during CPB must be interpreted as a measure of
      both platelet procoagulant activity and heparin activity. Furthermore, this dual
      sensitivity, while fortuitous, is probably advantageous; patients with
      hyporeactive platelets will automatically receive less heparin.

PMID- 6367545
TI  - Hemodynamic consequences of PEEP in seated neurological patients--implications
      for paradoxical air embolism.
AB  - In order to better understand the hemodynamic consequences of the use of positive
      end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in patients in the seated position, 11 patients
      undergoing neurosurgical operations were monitored with radial arterial and
      thermistor-tipped Swan-Ganz catheters both before and during 10-cm H2O PEEP.
      Significant (P less than 0.05) reductions in cardiac output (15%), stroke volume
      (15%), and mean arterial pressure (14%) occurred with the introduction of PEEP,
      while pulmonary vascular resistance increased 47% and right atrial pressure (RAP)
      increased from 3.6 +/- 0.7 SEM mm Hg to 8.9 +/- 0.9 SEM mm Hg (P less than 0.05).
      Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) did not increase significantly during
      PEEP. RAP exceeded PCWP in only two patients before PEEP, but RAP exceeded PCWP
      in seven patients during PEEP. We conclude that PEEP is potentially detrimental
      during operations in the seated position because it not only impairs hemodynamic
      performance, but might predispose patients with a probe-patent foramen ovale to
      the risk of paradoxical air embolism.

PMID- 6367546
TI  - Pacemakers.

PMID- 6367547
TI  - [Automatic differential diagnosis of comatose states in acute poisoning using a
      computer dialog setup].

PMID- 6367548
TI  - [Use of spontaneous respiration with steady positive pressure in the lungs in the
      complex treatment of pulmonary edema of cardiac origin].

PMID- 6367549
TI  - Bioelectric perturbations of bone. Research directions and clinical applications.
AB  - Bioelectric perturbation of living hard tissue produces clinically useful
      effects. It is being used effectively in the treatment of intractable orthopedic
      problems such as nonunion and avascular necrosis. Dental applications of this
      phenomenon are still in the early stages of research and development. Barring
      untoward circumstances, this form of local growth control may be used as an
      adjunct to localized bone induction therapy such as in the treatment of
      periodontal diseases, bone grafting or implantation of biocompatible products. It
      also appears to show promise in enhancing the rate of tooth movement or the
      stability of anchor teeth. The mechanism for these perturbation-induced changes
      in cells has not been explained. This is an active area of research with many
      implications for helping the clinician understand the molecular biology of hard
      tissue cell proliferation, migration and differentiation.

PMID- 6367550
TI  - Sampling airborne allergens.

PMID- 6367551
TI  - [Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents during anesthesia. Physiological and
      pharmacological data: applications to prevention and treatment].

PMID- 6367552
TI  - [Anesthesia in the works of Avicenna and anesthetic technics during the 11th
      century].
AB  - Many works concerning 19th century anaesthesia have been written. Those
      concerning the Middle Ages were virtually non-existent. Paragraphs were found
      scattered in various chapters of 10th and 11th century medical and surgical works
      dealing with the anaesthetic techniques required by the importance of the
      surgical operations carried out at the time, such as above- or through-knee
      amputations. Avicenna, an 11th century arab doctor, has written several medical
      works. The most famous one, the Canon, did play an important part in medical
      teaching of the Middle Ages. This book included about forty plants considered to
      have anaesthetic properties; a detailed description of the preparation of drugs
      from these plants and of way in which these drugs were used was given. It seemed
      the dangers of these drugs were known. Examples from this book made it possible
      to understand better the anaesthetic practice of the time, so giving a general
      idea of anaesthesia in the Middle Ages.

PMID- 6367553
TI  - Verapamil in the treatment of asystolic and pulseless idioventricular rhythm
      cardiopulmonary arrests: a preliminary report.
AB  - A randomized, double-blinded study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of
      the calcium antagonist verapamil in patients in cardiopulmonary arrest with
      asystole or pulseless idioventricular rhythm (PIVR). Twenty-one such patients
      presenting to the emergency department received either verapamil (10 mg) or
      normal saline placebo in an intravenous bolus as initial therapy. They were then
      treated according to standard American Heart Association guidelines with the
      exception that calcium was not used. If these rhythms persisted after ten
      minutes, a second bolus of verapamil or saline was given. Resuscitation was
      successful in two of ten patients (20%) receiving verapamil and in one of 11
      patients (9%) receiving placebo. This similar outcome (P = .462) in this small
      series suggests that verapamil may not add to successful resuscitation in these
      patients. Additional studies are needed to define the role of calcium and its
      antagonists in the treatment of asystole and PIVR.

PMID- 6367554
TI  - Intravenous aminophylline in the treatment of acute bronchospastic exacerbations
      of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - Often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients treated for acute
      exacerbations receive intravenous (IV) aminophylline in addition to inhaled
      bronchodilators that may raise serum levels of theophylline into the toxic range.
      A double-blind, randomized study of 52 men with COPD who came to the emergency
      department for treatment of exacerbations was initiated to establish the efficacy
      and safety of this common practice. After history and physical examination,
      patients were treated with 28% oxygen by Venturi mask and 0.3 cc metaproterenol
      sulfate in 2.5 cc saline by nebulizer; an IV line was started and patients
      received either aminophylline or D5W. Measurements included baseline and two-hour
      serum theophylline levels, pulmonary function tests, and symptom questionnaires.
      Mean values from the entire group showed decreases in respiratory rate, cardiac
      rate, and pulsus paradoxus, and increases in forced expiratory volume in one
      second (FEV1) and vital capacity (VC) over a two-hour treatment period (P less
      than .01). Despite the increase in serum theophylline in the treatment group, the
      demographic, clinical, pulmonary function, and outcome data were found to have no
      statistically significant differences when compared to control patients. The data
      were then analyzed according to serum theophylline levels. Theophylline level
      greater than 20 micrograms/mL occurred in 15 patients with no untoward effects;
      premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) were no more frequent in this group
      than in those with lower serum theophylline levels. A theophylline level greater
      than 10 micrograms/mL after two hours of treatment resulted in the following
      differences, which were not statistically significant: mean FEV1 response less
      than or equal to 10 micrograms/mL vs greater than 10 micrograms/mL, 20% vs 28%;
      mean VC change, 17% vs 30%; or mean emergency department returns in one week, 0.1
      vs 0.26. In our experience, oxygen and inhaled metaproterenol are effective
      treatment for exacerbations of COPD.

PMID- 6367555
TI  - Neardrowning and cold water immersion.
AB  - Though usually preventable, drowning remains a major cause of accidental death in
      our society. The lethal common denominator in drowning and neardrowning deaths is
      hypoxia. Aggressive treatment both at the scene and in the hospital is
      recommended even in those who initially appear lifeless. Hypothermia and the
      diving reflex probably explain the incredible survival stories in neardrowning.
      Remember the maxim in cold water immersion: "One is not dead until warm and
      dead!"

PMID- 6367556
TI  - Successful use of emergency transthoracic pacing in bradyasystolic cardiac
      arrest.
AB  - We present the document successful resuscitation of six patients using emergency
      transthoracic pacing. Two patients were resuscitated from asystole, one had a
      slow supraventricular bradycardia following head trauma and spinal shock, and
      three patients had cardiovascular collapse secondary to complete A-V
      dissociation. One patient developed a non-fatal pericardial tamponade, but there
      were no cases of pneumothorax. All patients failed to respond to standard medical
      therapy. We believe that the initially successful resuscitation of these patients
      was related directly to the pacing procedure. Three patients had underlying
      pathology that did not allow longterm survival. Three patients were discharged
      from the hospital without neurologic sequelae. Although emergency transthoracic
      pacing has a relatively low success rate in bradyasystolic cardiac arrest and may
      be associated with serious complications, the procedure may be life-saving in
      selected cases.

PMID- 6367557
TI  - Hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia during xylazine-ketamine anesthesia in
      Thoroughbred horses.
AB  - Plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations in Thoroughbreds administered
      xylazine hydrochloride (1.1 mg/kg; IV) and ketamine hydrochloride (2.2 mg/kg; IV)
      at dosages sufficient to induce short periods of recumbency and anesthesia were
      measured. Samples of blood were collected from 6 adult horses before, during, and
      after the anesthetic period. Plasma glucose (mg/dl) was significantly increased
      above control (-30 minute concentration) from 15 to 150 minutes after xylazine
      administration with the peak value occurring at 30 minutes. Serum insulin
      (microU/ml) was significantly decreased from control from 5 to 90 minutes after
      xylazine administration, with the nadir occurring at 15 minutes. The alterations
      in plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations in xylazine-ketamine
      anesthetized horses were similar to the changes in xylazine-sedated horses.

PMID- 6367558
TI  - Michel's medium as a preservative for immunofluorescent staining of cutaneous
      biopsy specimens in dogs and cats.
AB  - Paired 3-mm skin biopsy specimens from 24 dogs and 11 cats with suspected
      autoimmune dermatopathies were stained with fluorescein-conjugated antisera. In
      each case, 1 specimen was immediately embedded in optimum cutting temperature
      compound, quick frozen to -30 C, processed, stained, and examined. The other
      sample was placed in Michel's transport medium, held for 7 days, and then
      processed, stained, and examined. The location, quality, and intensity of
      immunofluorescent staining (when positive) were then compared in the 2 specimens.
      There were no differences in the staining patterns between the specimens
      processed immediately and those held in Michel's medium, thus demonstrating the
      validity of preserving canine and feline skin biopsy specimens in Michel's medium
      for immunofluorescent examination.

PMID- 6367559
TI  - Diagnosis of naturally occurring Fasciola hepatica infections in cattle with an
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
AB  - Sera from 100 herds of cattle located in the state of Washington were examined
      with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibody to Fasciola hepatica in a
      screening procedure that included 5 to 10 samples/herd. Twenty-eight herds
      contained infected cattle and F hepatica was most prevalent in 3 distinct
      geographic areas. Subsequent retesting of all sera available from 14 herds (mean
      of 109 samples/herd) revealed that the screening procedure correctly detected 7
      of 7 operations in which greater than 40% of samples were positive or suspect and
      3 of 3 operations in which 12% to 13% of the samples were positive or suspect.
      One of 3 herds considered negative after screening was found to contain a few
      (7%) positive samples and 1 herd considered possibly infected was negative on
      retest. These results were compared with those obtained by fecal examination for
      F hepatica eggs in 9 of the 14 herds. A good correlation (5 of 5) was found in
      which a high percentage (48% to 85%) of sera were positive or suspect. Fasciola
      eggs were not found in samples from 2 herds with few (7% to 12%) positive or
      suspect sera or in 2 herds that were negative by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay.

PMID- 6367560
TI  - Cervical vertebral interbody fusion in the horse: a comparative study of bovine
      xenografts and autografts supported by stainless steel baskets.
AB  - A modified form of the Cloward technique for anterior cervical fusion in human
      beings was used in the application of different grafts for evaluation of their
      effectiveness in stabilizing equine cervical vertebrae. Results of bovine
      xenograft implants in 8 horses were compared with results of stainless steel
      baskets (SSB) packed with cancellous autogenous bone in 8 horses. Graft material
      was incorporated in all cases. Evidence of graft rejection was not present. Both
      forms of implants decreased the mobility of the intervertebral space in which
      they were implanted. A fibrous connective tissue union was prevalent after
      xenograft implantation. Osseous union was prevalent after implantation of the
      SSB. Reduction in range of motion was greatest at those sites with the SSB.

PMID- 6367561
TI  - Aromatic-dependent Salmonella typhimurium as modified live vaccines for calves.
AB  - Strains of Salmonella sp with complete nonreverting aromatic biosynthesis (aro)
      defects are expected to be nonvirulent, in respect to invasive infection, because
      they need the aromatic metabolites paraaminobenzoate (for making folate) and
      dihydroxybenzoate (for making enterochelin) which are not available in host
      tissues. Derivatives with transposon-generated complete nonreverting aro-defects
      were prepared from 3 mouse-virulent strains of S typhimurium, namely, FIRN, WRAY,
      and UCD. The latter 2 parent strains originally were isolated from calves and are
      known to be calf-virulent. The resultant aromatic-dependent (aro-) strains were
      used to vaccinate 27 calves (2 to 3 weeks old), usually giving 2 doses by the IM
      route (10(9) bacteria) or orally (1.5 X 10(11)). Vaccination did not cause severe
      ill effects in any calf. Thus aro- defects cause loss of virulence for calves, as
      previously shown for mice. Vaccinated and control calves were challenge exposed,
      usually at 5 weeks of age, by feeding 1.5 X 10(11) cells of 1 of 2 calf-virulent
      S typhimurium strains, either UCD 108-11 or SL1323. Of the 16 challenge-exposed
      control calves, all became anorectic and depressed (CNS), and 15 had diarrhea.
      Fourteen of the 16 died; all tested tissues were bacteriologically culture
      positive for Salmonella at necropsy. Vaccination with the live UCD aro- vaccine
      strain, SL1479 by either of 2 schedules (IM or orally) appeared
      effective.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6367562
TI  - Isolation and functional analysis of normal canine blood monocytes and resident
      alveolar macrophages.
AB  - The percentage of mononuclear phagocytes bearing the Fc receptor for
      immunoglobulin G, the percentage of cells phagocytic for Candida albicans and
      latex particles, and the phagocytic index for blood monocytes and alveolar
      macrophages from healthy dogs are reported. Blood monocytes were concentrated by
      density-gradient centrifugation, whereas alveolar macrophages were obtained in
      high yield by bronchoalveolar lavage. Adherent populations of those cells were
      used for functional assays after repeated washing to remove nonadherent cells. A
      greater percentage of adherent alveolar macrophages than adherent blood monocytes
      showed evidence of the Fc receptor for immunoglobulin G. Similarly, adherent
      alveolar macrophages showed significantly greater phagocytic ability, as measured
      by percent phagocytic cells and phagocytic index, using C albicans and latex
      particles, than did adherent canine blood monocytes.

PMID- 6367564
TI  - The challenges before us.

PMID- 6367563
TI  - Diabetes mellitus in dogs: relationship of obesity to glucose tolerance and
      insulin response.
AB  - The IV glucose-tolerance test was performed in 71 diabetic dogs (fasting glycemia
      greater than 6.70 mmol/L) and in 20 healthy dogs. All diabetic dogs were
      characterized by various degrees of glucose intolerance as expressed by an
      abnormal glucose disappearance coefficient. On the basis of the fasting plasma
      insulin concentration (Io), insulin peak response (IPR), the insulinogenic index
      (delta I/delta G), and the total insulin secretion (TIS), the diabetic dogs were
      classified, as follows: Type I dogs (n = 32) which had the severe clinical signs
      of diabetes and an absence of certain diagnostic responses: Io, IPR, delta
      I/delta G, and TIS. Type II dogs (n = 15) which also had marked diabetic signs
      and an absence of IPR, delta I/delta G, and TIS responses. The dogs were further
      subdivided into obese and nonobese groups; the Io was within acceptable limits in
      the nonobese group (n = 8), but was markedly increased in the obese group (n =
      7). Type III dogs (n = 24) had no diabetic signs and a fasting plasma glucose
      less than 12 mmol/L. They were also subdivided into obese and nonobese groups.
      The nonobese dogs (n = 13) had Io values within acceptable limits and decreased
      IPR, delta I/delta G, and TIS. In contrast, the obese dogs had increased Io, IPR,
      delta I/delta G, and TIS. Statistical analyses indicated that the TIS and IO were
      highly significant linear functions of obesity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6367566
TI  - New members and associates of the American Psychological Association.

PMID- 6367565
TI  - The myth of women's masochism.

PMID- 6367567
TI  - Effects of cigarette smoking and short-term smoking cessation on airway
      responsiveness to inhaled methacholine.
AB  - Threshold of airway responsiveness to methacholine aerosol was determined in 53
      apparently healthy persons. In 18 nonallergic nonsmokers matched according to sex
      and age to 18 nonallergic smokers, the mean methacholine threshold of airway
      response (T), as measured using partial flow-volume curves, had a tendency to be
      greater in nonsmokers, but the difference was not significant for the group as a
      whole; it was, however, significant for a subset of 9 matched pairs with a
      cigarette consumption greater than 10 pack-years (mean T nonsmokers, 2.8 mg/ml;
      smokers, 0.3; p = 0.036). In 17 smokers who stopped smoking for 99 days in
      average, T was not significantly different for the group as a whole, although the
      majority of the smokers reported improvement of respiratory symptoms after
      cessation of smoking. The results of this study indicate that cigarette smoking
      is associated with increased airways responsiveness to inhaled methacholine and
      that this effect is dose related.

PMID- 6367568
TI  - Combined effect of cigarette smoking and allergic rhinitis on airway
      responsiveness to inhaled methacholine.
AB  - A group of healthy nonatopic subjects was compared with a group of atopic
      subjects with allergic rhinitis who were otherwise healthy. They were matched for
      sex, age, and smoking habits; 15 pairs were nonsmokers and 11 pairs were smokers.
      Threshold of airway response to inhaled methacholine based on partial flow-volume
      curves was not significantly different between nonatopic nonsmokers and
      nonsmokers with allergic rhinitis. However, smokers with allergic rhinitis had a
      threshold on the average of 3 doubling doses lower than smokers without allergic
      rhinitis. We concluded that there is a combined effect of chronic cigarette
      smoking and allergic rhinitis affecting nonspecific airway responsiveness.

PMID- 6367569
TI  - Redistribution of pulmonary blood flow induced by positive end-expiratory
      pressure and dopamine infusion in acute respiratory failure.
AB  - The mechanism by which mechanical ventilation (MV) with positive end-expiratory
      pressure (PEEP) improves hypoxemia in patients with acute respiratory failure
      (ARF) is unclear, and may be attributed in part to a decrease in cardiac output
      inducing by itself a reduction of the shunt. Using the multiple inert gas
      elimination technique we evaluated the effects of PEEP on ventilation-perfusion
      (VA/Q) distribution in 8 patients while cardiac output was maintained at control
      value by means of a dopamine infusion. In each patient, evaluation was performed
      during MV without PEEP (control) then with PEEP (17 +/- 2 cm H2O) and dopamine.
      After application of PEEP, PaO2, PvO2, and oxygen transport (TO2) increased
      significantly, whereas venous admixture decreased from 37.5 +/- 5 to 17 +/- 2% (p
      less than 0.01). Comparison of VA/Q distribution during PEEP and zero end
      expiratory pressure documented a redistribution of pulmonary blood flow; the
      shunt decreased markedly from 30 +/- 4 to 13 +/- 2% (p less than 0.001), whereas
      the fraction of cardiac output distributed to "normal" VA/Q ratio units (0.1 to
      10) increased from 62 to 78.5% (p less than 0.001). Dead space increased slightly
      with PEEP, from 44 to 49% (p less than 0.01) of total ventilation. The pattern of
      ventilation distribution was essentially unaltered; specifically, no additional
      high VA/Q mode was observed during PEEP. It is concluded that cardiac output
      maintenance with dopamine infusion during PEEP does not suppress the beneficial
      effects of PEEP on gas exchange, but induces a redistribution of pulmonary blood
      toward the main VA/Q ratio.

PMID- 6367570
TI  - Lack of relationship between hepatic toxicity and acetylator phenotype in three
      thousand South Indian patients during treatment with isoniazid for tuberculosis.
AB  - The results are presented of a retrospective analysis of the incidence of
      jaundice among 3,000 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and of the activities
      of serum aspartate aminotransferase among 850 according to their isoniazid
      acetylator phenotype. The patients had been treated with a variety of isoniazid
      containing regimens in a series of controlled clinical trials in South India. The
      results show that rapid acetylators are no more prone to develop isoniazid
      induced hepatic toxicity than are slow acetylators.

PMID- 6367571
TI  - Synthesis of complement by guinea pig bronchoalveolar macrophages. Effect of
      acute and chronic infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - In order to assess the potential role of local production of complement in
      pulmonary host defenses against bacterial infection, this aspect of
      bronchoalveolar macrophage function was studied in guinea pigs challenged with
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an acute and chronic infection model. Acute infection
      resulted in an increase in bronchoalveolar macrophage cell number and an increase
      in synthesis and secretion rates for the second (C2) and fourth (C4) complement
      components per macrophage. Manipulation of the airway without introduction of
      Pseudomonas also increased synthesis of both C2 and C4 when studied 60 h after
      control solutions were administered. Pseudomonas aeruginosa delivered in agar
      beads to induce chronic inflammation resulted in specific stimulation of C2 and
      C4 synthesis at 2 wk and to a lesser extent at 4 wk postchallenge. This increase
      in local complement synthesis by bronchoalveolar macrophages, in addition to
      enhancing the local inflammatory response, may serve to facilitate recruitment of
      intravascular cellular and humoral mediators of host defense against bacterial
      infection.

PMID- 6367572
TI  - Quantitation of leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage samples from rats after
      intravascular injection of endotoxin.
AB  - Although it has been demonstrated in several animal species that neutrophils
      aggregate in the pulmonary microvasculature after intravenous infusion of
      chemotactic factors or substances that activate the systemic complement system,
      studies in rabbits have revealed that affected neutrophils do not migrate out of
      capillaries into air spaces unless the infusion processes are combined with
      manipulative procedures involving the airways, such as intubation or instillation
      of an anesthetic agent. In this study, we report that after intravenous infusion
      of endotoxin (Escherichia coli) into Sprague-Dawley rats, in the absence of
      airway manipulation, the absolute number of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage
      (BAL) samples increased significantly 24 and 48 h after injection. This
      represented nearly a 24-h delay from the time that maximal numbers of neutrophils
      were seen in lung tissue and approximately an 18-h delay from the time that
      maximal numbers appeared in peripheral blood. We also found that after infusion
      of endotoxin the number of pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) recoverable in
      BAL samples fell dramatically within 2 h and remained suppressed for at least 12
      h. We conclude that: (1) neutrophils are capable of migration into air spaces
      after aggregation in pulmonary capillaries in the absence of airway manipulative
      procedures or instillation of chemoattractants into air spaces and (2)
      endotoxemia affected surface parameters of PAM in vivo that determine
      recoverability by lavage.

PMID- 6367573
TI  - Crackles in the early detection of asbestosis.
AB  - We studied 386 workers exposed to asbestos to assess the value of chest
      auscultation by a trained technician in detecting asbestosis as defined by
      previously reported clinical, physiologic, and roentgenologic criteria. The
      presence and degree of crackles were assessed at preselected basilar lung sites
      by a technician whose performance was validated by comparison with computer
      generated time-expanded waveforms of tape recordings of lung sounds. Asbestosis
      was present in only 2.8% of the total population, but it was present in 8.6% of
      those with over 25 yr or more of employment. The technician correctly identified
      all the workers in whom the diagnosis was most certain, that is, those with all
      criteria positive. The overall true positive rate was 55%. The majority (94.8%)
      of those with no abnormal criteria were correctly classified. Auscultation by an
      objectively validated technician can be a useful noninvasive method for screening
      industrial populations exposed to asbestos.

PMID- 6367574
TI  - MPB70, a unique antigen of Mycobacterium bovis BCG.
AB  - MPB70 is a constituent of Mycobacterium bovis BCG, which accounts for about 10%
      of the total protein content in the nutrient fluid after culture on Sauton
      medium. Previous studies of cell-mediated immune reactions have shown that MPB70
      is a highly BCG-specific antigen occurring in markedly different concentrations
      in different substrains of BCG. The present studies were based on the reactivity
      of MPB70 with antibodies. The precipitate caused by MPB70 was identified in the
      crossed immunoelectrophoresis pattern of sonicates and concentrated culture
      fluids of BCG Tokyo. The antigen was quantified by radioimmunoassay inhibition
      tests on culture fluids standardized on the basis of identical total protein
      content. It was present in high concentrations in BCG substrains Tokyo, Moreau,
      Russia, and Sweden, and in M. bovis strain Ravenel. It was also detected in BCG
      substrains Glaxo, Copenhagen, Tice, and Pasteur, and in M. tuberculosis H37Rv,
      but in the latter 4 in only 1% or less of the concentration in BCG Tokyo. Six
      different species of slow- and rapid-growing mycobacteria showed no evidence of
      cross-reactivity, but a cross-reacting antigen was demonstrated in Nocardia
      asteroides. The antibody response after immunization of rabbits with BCG Tokyo
      and BCG Copenhagen was very similar in a polyvalent assay for antibodies reacting
      with various components of BCG. By contrast, there was a striking difference in
      anti-MPB70 antibodies, which were rapidly formed in large amounts after
      immunization with BCG Tokyo and only in very small amounts after immunization
      with BCG Copenhagen.

PMID- 6367575
TI  - The management of thirty immunocompromised patients with tuberculosis.
AB  - Between 1978 and 1981, 30 of 870 bacteriologically confirmed cases of
      tuberculosis occurred in immunocompromised hosts. One year after the diagnosis,
      11 patients were dead, only 2 of them of tuberculosis. In the other 19 patients,
      the course of tuberculosis under standard chemotherapy was the same as in
      nonimmunocompromised hosts. Among the 24 patients still alive more than 2 months
      after the diagnosis of tuberculosis, the treatment of the underlying disease was
      changed in 14 patients to avoid worsening of the course of tuberculosis; 5
      patients died and 4 kidney transplant carriers rejected their transplants. The
      treatment of the underlying disease was not changed in 10 patients: all of these
      remained alive 1 yr later, and 2 were kidney transplant carriers who did not
      reject their transplants. We conclude that the clinical response of the
      immunocompromised tuberculous host was good and that treatment of the underlying
      disease should not be modified.

PMID- 6367576
TI  - Partial ileal bypass in type II familial hypercholesterolemia. Eleven-year
      experience at the Montreal Heart institute.
AB  - The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute is currently sponsoring a
      multicenter clinical trial to evaluate the long-term efficacy of partial ileal
      bypass in the prevention of recurrent myocardial infarction in
      hypercholesterolemia patients. Thus we felt that a report of our clinical results
      with this intervention at the Montreal Heart Institute during the last 11 years
      would be of interest. Twenty patients with type II hyperlipoproteinemia and a
      mean age of 38 (range 25-54) years underwent partial ileal bypass between March
      1971 and April 1978. This intervention was associated with aortocoronary bypass
      surgery in 11 patients. All patients were followed at regular intervals. The mean
      survival time was 70.7 (range 1-123) months. Two deaths were observed during
      follow-up, one from an acute myocardial infarction and the other from ventricular
      fibrillation, respectively, 1 month and 1 and one-half years after partial ileal
      bypass. The ileal bypass was undone twice because of gastrointestinal problems
      including a malabsorption syndrome and repeated episodes of subocclusion. A
      progressive decrease of the effects of the operation on serum cholesterol was
      noted, from a 33 per cent reduction at 3 months to 43 per cent at 2 years and 16
      per cent at 6 years. Two patients presented an acute myocardial infarction
      respectively 3 and 4 years after the operation, respectively, and one patient
      suffered a right-sided hemiplegia at age 30, 12 months after the operation. Of 14
      patients with angina pectoris preoperatively (class III in 10), eight remained
      symptomatic postoperatively (class I and II angina in five).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6367577
TI  - Numerical evaluation of cytologic data. XIII. Curve fitting and curvilinear
      regression.
AB  - A method of curve fitting is described by which curves can be fitted to data for
      which the independent variables are not spaced equidistantly. The method uses the
      calculation of regression coefficients for an appropriate polynomial. Testing of
      the plotted curve by computation of the residual sum of squares is shown also, as
      is use of a "coefficient of partial determination" to test the statistical
      significance of the degree of polynomial chosen.

PMID- 6367579
TI  - Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia.
AB  - Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia is a relatively common complication of
      heparin therapy occurring in approximately 5% of the patients who receive this
      drug. The incidence is higher with bovine heparin then with porcine heparin.
      Onset of heparin-associated thrombocytopenia usually occurs 6 to 12 days after
      initiation of treatment and by itself has a low morbidity. Heparin-associated
      thrombocytopenia plus arterial thrombosis can cause major complications including
      stroke, heart attack, and death. The incidence of heparin-associated
      thrombocytopenia plus arterial thrombosis is lower than that for heparin
      associated thrombocytopenia alone. The diagnosis of heparin-associated
      thrombocytopenia remains one of exclusion, but testing for the presence of a
      heparin-dependent platelet-aggregating factor may prove to be useful. Analysis of
      the time of onset suggests a strategy for prevention. Oral anticoagulants could
      be started concomitantly with the heparin so that it could be discontinued in
      several days. This approach may prevent most episodes of heparin-associated
      thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 6367578
TI  - Probucol with colestipol in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - The effects of therapy with 1 g of probucol and 20 g of colestipol were compared
      with those of the drugs used singly on 47 patients with hypercholesterolemia in a
      double-blind, double-placebo, diet-controlled, crossover trial that lasted 18
      months. The probucol and colestipol combination, but neither drug alone, reduced
      mean serum low-density-lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels from 242 +/- 51 (SE)
      mg/dL during the diet and placebo phase to 171 +/- 41 mg/dL. Probucol
      significantly lowered high-density-lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels and
      increased LDL:HDL-cholesterol ratios. Combination therapy did not change LDL:HDL
      cholesterol ratios. Probucol alone or in combination reduced very-low-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol levels, despite concomitant elevations of serum
      triglyceride levels caused by colestipol in the combination protocol.
      Gastrointestinal side effects of single drugs were abolished when drugs were used
      in combination. Compared with the values in the diet-placebo phase, LDL
      cholesterol levels were reduced by more than 20% in 81% of patients, by more than
      30% in 49%, and by more than 40% in 17%. This drug combination proved to be safer
      and have greater hypocholesterolemic effects in more patients than other marketed
      drug treatments.

PMID- 6367580
TI  - The anxiety disorders.
AB  - Anxiety commonly accompanies serious illness. However, in some patients anxiety
      is the primary manifestation of illness. Diagnostic criteria for these "primary"
      anxiety disorders have been redefined in the most recent revision of the American
      Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. We discuss these new
      diagnostic categories; review the theoretical basis for the psychodynamic,
      behavioral, and physiologic manifestations of each of these disorders; and
      critically examine the treatments offered for each.

PMID- 6367581
TI  - Complications of the Angelchik antireflux prosthesis.
AB  - Various complications have been reported recently for the Angelchik antireflux
      prosthesis, a silicone-gel prosthesis used in the treatment of gastroesophageal
      reflux and associated hiatal hernia. We have studied the cases of 11 patients
      with complications of this prosthesis and have reviewed the literature for
      others. Complications included 8 erosions of the device into the gastrointestinal
      tract, 1 migration, 1 improper placement, and 1 case believed to be surgical
      trauma. These complications represent those typical to reflux surgery and some
      unique to the Angelchik prosthesis (migration and erosion). The exact frequency
      is unknown, with the manufacturer estimating migration at 0.81% and erosion at
      0.15%. Available data indicate that complications may occur up to several years
      after implantation, and physicians may not recognize the problems with the
      prosthesis if they are unaware of the complications.

PMID- 6367582
TI  - Pricing policies for the National Library of Medicine.

PMID- 6367583
TI  - [Description of a new method of heterotopic heart transplant with left
      ventricular assistance function].

PMID- 6367584
TI  - [Hospital Medical Society of Paris, 1984. List of members].

PMID- 6367585
TI  - Modeling of cell viability and specific alcohol productivity.
AB  - A model has been proposed to correlate two viability tests and specific alcohol
      productivity of a yeast culture. Two viable populations with different activity
      are assumed to coexist. The difference between two populations is the ability to
      reproduce. Satisfactory agreement between the model and the experimental data has
      been observed.

PMID- 6367586
TI  - Computer control of fermentations with biosensors.

PMID- 6367587
TI  - Measurement of gas-phase oxygen concentrations with an oxygen electrode.

PMID- 6367588
TI  - Large-scale isolation and purification of proteins from recombinant E. coli.

PMID- 6367589
TI  - The isolation of proteins from complex mixtures by immobilized monoclonal
      antibodies.

PMID- 6367590
TI  - Ultrafiltration affinity purification.

PMID- 6367591
TI  - Ceramic-supported hybridomas for continuous production of monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 6367592
TI  - A theoretical model for insulin secretory dynamics in a hybrid artificial
      pancreas.

PMID- 6367593
TI  - Available electron and energetic yields in fermentation processes.
AB  - Microbial growth and product yields have been investigated for several cultures.
      Available electron and free energy balances may be used to examine the efficiency
      of microbial energetics. Energetic yields based on free energy analysis were
      obtained and compared with yields from available electron analysis. Estimates of
      true growth yields under anaerobic conditions have been obtained using
      statistical methods and the results were compared with theoretical maximum
      yields.

PMID- 6367594
TI  - Modification of cell membrane composition by dietary lipids and its implications
      for atherosclerosis.
AB  - Dietary lipids can modify the properties of cell membranes, including membrane
      fluidity and membrane permeability. The saturation and isomerization of dietary
      fatty acids may affect the pattern of fatty acids acylated to glycerol in
      phospholipids. Oxidized sterols may affect membrane properties directly by their
      insertion in the membrane or indirectly through their effects on lipid
      metabolism. The flow of calcium and other nutrients into the cells appears to be
      a major property affected by those changes in lipid composition of membranes and
      may be important in the onset of atherosclerosis. The factors that alter the
      character of the lipids in cell membranes should receive increased study in both
      in vitro and in vivo systems to clarify their role in diseases processes.

PMID- 6367595
TI  - Pregnancy-associated alpha 2-glycoprotein (alpha 2-PAG) and IgA: their parallel
      distribution in the human gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - Using a combined immunoperoxidase (PAP)/direct immunofluorescence (IF) staining
      technique, pregnancy-associated alpha 2-glycoprotein (alpha 2-PAG) has been shown
      to be present in the majority of IgA-producing plasma cells in the lamina propria
      of both the jejunum and the colon. Both proteins have also been detected on the
      apical surface of columnar epithelial cells, particularly in the colon, and it is
      suggested that alpha 2-PAG, like IgA, may be secreted into the lumen of the
      gastrointestinal (GI) tract by an active transport mechanism. The concentration
      of alpha 2-PAG in the jejunal fluid of most subjects was found to be less than 20
      micrograms/liter, although a number of subjects showed substantially elevated
      levels. The significance of the association between IgA and alpha 2-PAG, which is
      known to have immunosuppressive properties, is discussed in relation to the
      requirement for an efficient immunologic barrier within the GI tract.

PMID- 6367596
TI  - Differential distribution of the pancreatic cancer-associated antigen (PCAA) and
      pancreatic tissue antigen (PaA) in pancreatic and gastrointestinal cancer
      tissues.
AB  - PCAA, a glycoprotein antigen fractionated from the ascites fluid of a patient
      with pancreatic cancer and sharing an identical immunogenicity with Gelder's POA,
      and PaA, a novel pancreatic tissue antigen, were studied immunohistologically.
      Serial paraffin sections were prepared from surgical specimens of 11 cases of
      pancreatic cancer, 15 of gastric cancer, 12 of colonic cancer, and 2 of
      gallbladder cancer; these were then subjected to immunofluorescence and
      immunoperoxidase stainings. In noncancerous tissues, PCAA was detected
      unexpectedly at goblet cells of the whole intestine, but was completely absent in
      pancreatic tissues, while PaA was not demonstrated in intestinal tissues, but was
      positive at acinar cells of the pancreas. In pancreatic cancer tissues, PCAA and
      PaA were detected at apical cytoplasm of cancer cells, although positive cells
      were in different proportions and had different distributions. PCAA-positive
      cells were mucin-producing (positive in PAS-alcian blue staining) and were well
      differentiated histologically, while PaA-positive cells were less differentiated
      and poor in mucin production. Among 11 cases of pancreatic cancer, both PCAA- and
      PaA-positive cells were demonstrated in 3 cases, PCAA-positive cells alone were
      found in 3 cases, and PaA-positive cells alone were seen in 4 cases. In 27
      gastrointestinal cancer tissues, PCAA was detected in 7 cases of mucin-producing
      cancer, and PaA was demonstrated in 2 cases of poorly differentiated
      adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 6367597
TI  - Clinical application of the enzyme immunoassay for pancreatic oncofetal antigen.
AB  - Pancreatic oncofetal antigen (POA) purified by us has been detected in sera of
      patients with carcinoma of the pancreas by the micro-Ouchterlony method. In an
      attempt to improve the sensitivity and clinical usefulness of the serum POA
      assay, we established an enzyme immunoassay for POA and reported the results with
      this method. In this study, we investigated serum POA levels in pancreatic cancer
      and other diseases. The tissue localization of this POA in the pancreas was also
      studied. For the establishment of the enzyme immunoassay, an anti-POA-F(ab')2
      fragment prepared from absorbed antiserum was conjugated with beta-D
      galactosidase. The solid-phase "sandwich" principle was used. The normal upper
      limit of the serum POA level was defined as 400 units/ml. Among 60 patients with
      pancreatic cancer, 44 had elevated levels (73.3%). Of 22 cases with chronic
      pancreatitis, 4 had elevated levels (18.2%). In malignant diseases other than
      pancreatic cancer, elevated levels of serum POA were seen in 17.6% to 48.5% of
      the patients, most of whom had only slightly elevated levels. These results
      indicate that enzyme immunoassay for POA is clinically useful for making a
      diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Immunoperoxidase staining showed POA to be found
      at the apical surface of ductular cells in fetal pancreas, at the luminal surface
      of glandular structures in pancreatic cancer tissue, and also at the luminal
      surface of the small duct in normal pancreas. Thus it is suggested that a high
      level of serum POA in patients with pancreatic cancer is derived from pancreatic
      cancer tissue.

PMID- 6367598
TI  - Giant papillary conjunctivitis following cataract extraction.
AB  - Out of a series of 600 cataract extractions, 14 patients were found to have giant
      papillary conjunctivitis (GPC) due to 10-0 nylon sutures. When renewed
      conjunctival irritation appears weeks or months after surgery, GPC should be
      suspected and confirmed by eversion of the upper eyelid at the slit lamp. Free
      edges of protruding corneoscleral nylon sutures should be looked for. Signs and
      symptoms of GPC disappear within one to four weeks after removal of the offending
      suture.

PMID- 6367599
TI  - Role of tromaril--a new anti-inflammatory drug in eye diseases.
AB  - In this clinical study, the role of enfenamic acid (Tromaril), a new anti
      inflammatory and nonsteroidal drug, on various eye diseases such as trauma, on
      inflammatory diseases such as uveitis, and after cataract surgery was evaluated.
      The drug was administered to 30 patients (group A) while 29 patients (group B)
      were given a placebo. Twenty-one patients showed good response, and of these, 15
      patients (76%) belonged to group A, to whom Tromaril had been administered. Of
      the patients who were given Tromaril, none showed any side effects in general. It
      can be concluded that Tromaril is a strong and effective anti-inflammatory drug
      for use in various eye diseases.

PMID- 6367600
TI  - Etiopathogenesis of otosclerosis: a hypothesis.
AB  - It is hypothesized that otosclerosis is an autoimmune disease in response to
      native type II collagens of cartilage rests associated with globular ossei in the
      endochondral layer of the otic capsule. To support this hypothesis animal
      experimental data and human antibody data are shown.

PMID- 6367601
TI  - Pathophysiology of tinnitus.
AB  - The hypothesis is presented that certain forms of tinnitus are related to
      abnormal phase-locking of discharges in groups of auditory nerve fibers. Recent
      developments in auditory neurophysiology have shown that neural coding of the
      temporal pattern of sounds plays an important role in the analysis of complex
      sounds. In addition, it has been demonstrated that when some other cranial nerves
      are damaged, artificial synapses can occur between individual nerve fibers such
      that ephaptic transmission between nerve fibers is facilitated. Such "crosstalk"
      between auditory nerve fibers is assumed to result in phase-locking of the
      spontaneous activity of groups of neurons which in the absence of external sounds
      creates a neural pattern that resembles that evoked by sounds.

PMID- 6367602
TI  - Hemangiomas and vascular malformations.
AB  - The classification, natural history, and treatment of hemangiomas, arteriovenous
      fistulas, lymphangiomas, and port-wine stains are in many respects as puzzling
      now as they were fifty years ago. A review of the literature assesses the
      progress made and addresses the questions yet to be answered.

PMID- 6367603
TI  - Prolonged survival of human-kidney homografts by immunosuppressive drug therapy.

PMID- 6367604
TI  - An interview with Joseph E. Murray, M.D. conducted by Joel M. Noe, M. D.

PMID- 6367605
TI  - The development of plastic surgery during the past sixty years.

PMID- 6367606
TI  - Bilateral cleft lip repair: "putting it all together".
AB  - The surgical repair of the bilateral cleft lip should take into consideration
      restoration of normal anatomy throughout the lip. If it is well done, it
      contributes to both form and function. A composite technique is presented here,
      with additions taking advantage of all tissues and based on this principle.
      Preoperative orthodontic preparation is used to achieve more satisfactory spatial
      relationships when appropriate and to permit a one-stage repair without lip
      adhesions. The technical aspects are clearly outlined and supported by case
      presentations. The technique saves all tissue; avoids tightness; provides good
      muscular function; constructs a labial sulcus providing for proper movement of
      the lip; provides good nasal sills and floors; is adaptable to complete or
      incomplete clefts; can be easily revised or used for secondary revisions in other
      cases, and so on.

PMID- 6367607
TI  - Early mobilization of repaired flexor tendons within digital sheath using an
      internal profundus splint: experimental and clinical data.
AB  - The repair of severed flexor tendons in Zone II continues to be a problem. A new
      technique using an internal splint prevents disruption of the repair and allows
      early active motion. The technique was first tested in the rhesus monkey and then
      used in a clinical series of 29 repairs with encouraging results.

PMID- 6367608
TI  - Musculocutaneous flap or muscle flap and skin graft?
AB  - Six factors must be considered in choosing between muscle only and
      musculocutaneous flaps for reconstruction of defects: size, bulk, donor
      deformity, durability, pliability, and sensibility. The choice depends on the
      location and characteristics of the specific defect. Advantages and disadvantages
      of each flap in different circumstances are discussed, with emphasis on restoring
      form and function to the defect while preserving them at the donor site.

PMID- 6367609
TI  - The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone associated with
      cleft palate: report of a case and review of the literature.
AB  - A case of the inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone syndrome (SIADH)
      associated with uneventful repair of a cleft palate in a child with Pierre Robin
      syndrome is reported. Excess secretion of ADH is seen with pulmonary disease,
      intracranial infections, and trauma and as a side effect of numerous drugs.
      Symptoms may be vague but ultimately progress to seizure or coma. Diagnosis is
      made by confirming hyponatremia and serum hyposmolality in the presence of less
      than maximally dilute urine with relative sodium wasting. Treatment usually
      consists of reversing the underlying disorder, fluid restriction, and
      occasionally hypertonic saline or drug administration. Because of its association
      with neurological disorders, SIADH should be considered in any patient with an
      unexplained change in neurological symptoms.

PMID- 6367610
TI  - The Keatsian paradox: the hectic and the healthy.

PMID- 6367611
TI  - [Radioclinical evaluation of a new opacifying agent during intravenous urography
      in renal failure patients].

PMID- 6367612
TI  - [Trial of iopamidol in pediatric angiocardiography].

PMID- 6367613
TI  - [Comparative study of 2 contrast media with low osmolarity in pediatric
      angiocardiography].

PMID- 6367614
TI  - [Experimentation with iopamidol for digestive arteriography].

PMID- 6367615
TI  - [Angiographic study of the supra-aortic trunks using iopamidol. Apropos of 30
      cases].

PMID- 6367616
TI  - [Use of iopamidol in selective coronarography: a comparative study in relation to
      ioxaglate].

PMID- 6367617
TI  - Blood pressure and hemodynamics in postmenopausal women during estradiol-17 beta
      substitution.
AB  - Blood pressure, central hemodynamics and peripheral blood flow were measured at
      rest in 20 normotensive and 20 hypertensive postmenopausal women during cyclic
      placebo/estradiol-17 beta treatment. Micronized estradiol-17 beta was given in
      daily doses of 2 mg and 4 mg. Corresponding measurements were also performed
      during exercise in 10 borderline hypertensive subjects given estradiol-17 beta
      substitution in 2 mg daily doses for three months. In addition,
      electrocardiograms and changes in various hematological parameters were evaluated
      both at rest and during exercise. Cardiac output was determined by the isotope
      113mIn radiocardiographic method, and peripheral blood flow was measured using
      the vena-occlusion plethysmograph. The serum estrone, estradiol, FSH, LH and
      prolactin concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. Estradiol-17 beta
      substitution decreased the systolic and diastolic blood pressure in normotensive,
      hypertensive and borderline hypertensive postmenopausal women. The blood pressure
      of the hypertensive subjects decreased on average more than the blood pressure of
      the normotensive subjects. A statistically significant correlation was observed
      between the increase in serum estrone concentration and the decrease in systolic
      and diastolic blood pressures produced by the 4 mg daily doses of estradiol-17
      beta in the hypertensive subjects. In the borderline hypertensive subjects
      systolic blood pressure was lower during estradiol-17 beta substitution than
      before treatment even when measured during exercise. No dose-dependent effect was
      observed in connection with the decrease in blood pressure. Irrespective of the
      pretreatment blood pressure levels, heart rate decreased during estradiol-17 beta
      substitution. The change was most marked in hypertensive and borderline
      hypertensive women. Estradiol-17 beta treatment did not influence heart rate
      during exercise. There was a statistically significant correlation between the
      decrease in resting heart rate and the increase in serum estrone concentration
      produced by the 4 mg daily doses of estradiol-17 beta in the normotensive
      subjects. Estradiol-17 beta substitution caused an increase in the blood volume
      in all groups of postmenopausal women. Estradiol-17 beta substitution with the 2
      mg daily dose produced an increase in blood volume, which correlated
      significantly with the rise in both serum estrone and serum estradiol
      concentrations. This correlation was observed in both normotensive and
      hypertensive women. Cardiac output increased in the normotensive test subjects
      but decreased in the hypertensive and borderline hypertensive subjects.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6367618
TI  - An early hand-wrist atlas and its implications for secular change in bone age.
AB  - A little-known 'Skiagraphic Atlas' documenting radiographic changes in the bones
      of the hand and wrist was published by Poland in 1898. Nineteen skiagrams of
      British children, 1-17 years of age, were included. Tanner-Whitehouse-2 bone ages
      were assessed for 15 individuals in this series and differences from
      chronological ages were calculated. Mean differences for 20-bone, RUS and carpal
      bone ages are significantly larger than zero. Hence, these children were
      relatively advanced compared to present children. Comparisons of Poland's
      expected ages for onset and fusion of secondary ossification centres in the hand
      and wrist with more recent reference data indicated a secular increase in the
      rates of skeletal maturation of approximately 0.22-0.66 year/decade, with
      relatively greater change in expected ages of fusion.

PMID- 6367619
TI  - Whole body insulin resistance in myotonic dystrophy.
AB  - To quantitate the degree of whole body insulin resistance in patients with
      myotonic dystrophy, three separate euglycemic insulin infusions were given to
      ambulatory patients and the results compared with findings in normal control
      subjects. Basal glucose and insulin values were similar for the two groups. There
      was no significant difference in insulin clearance rates between normal subjects
      and patients at the three insulin infusion rates used. A highly significant
      decrease in the whole body glucose disposal rate was seen during the 120-minute
      insulin infusion in the patients with myotonic dystrophy compared with normal
      subjects at all three insulin dosages (20 mU/m2/min: 2.18 +/- 0.29 [standard
      error] versus 5.49 +/- 1.72 mg/kg/min, p less than 0.0001; 80 mU/m2/min: 4.16 +/-
      0.34 versus 8.49 +/- 0.45 mg/kg/min, p less than 0.0001; 200 mU/m2/min: 5.22 +/-
      0.53 versus 10.06 +/- 0.50 mg/kg/min, p less than 0.0001). These marked decreases
      in glucose disposal rates for the patients were adjusted in accordance with their
      24-hour urinary creatinine excretion rate to correct for the difference in muscle
      mass between patients and controls. This adjusted glucose disposal rate was 15 to
      25% lower (p less than 0.02) in the patients with myotonic dystrophy at insulin
      infusion rates of 20 and 80 mU. During the 200 mU insulin infusions, the adjusted
      glucose disposal rate remained lower than that in normal subjects but was of
      borderline statistical significance. These studies suggest that moderately severe
      whole body insulin resistance is responsible for the postprandial
      hyperinsulinemia typically seen in patients with myotonic dystrophy.

PMID- 6367621
TI  - Morris B. Bender, 1905-1983.

PMID- 6367622
TI  - Partial elementary motor seizures as the first symptom of Creutzfeldt-Jakob
      disease.

PMID- 6367620
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibody against the nicotinic
      acetylcholine receptor in human myasthenia gravis.
AB  - Antibody against acetylcholine receptor (AChR) of human skeletal muscle was
      measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and found in 23 (74%) of 31
      Japanese patients with generalized myasthenia gravis. In 15 patients with
      generalized myasthenia gravis who had not undergone thymectomy and who were not
      receiving adrenocorticosteroids, the antibody was found in 13 (87%). Antibody was
      also found in 13 (54%) of 24 patients with myasthenia gravis against AChR
      fractions obtained from fetal calf thymus. Based on the subunit structures of the
      AChR protein, the double precipitation assay using iodine 125-alpha-bungarotoxin
      is also capable of detecting antibody against the toxin binding site, by cross
      reactivity. This is among the first reports of experiments in which enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay was used to measure the antibodies in human myasthenia gravis
      and provides evidence of anti-AChR antibody against antigens from fetal calf
      thymus.

PMID- 6367623
TI  - Perception and estimation of time.

PMID- 6367624
TI  - Psychopathology of childhood.
AB  - We considered problems of assessment and taxonomy that have hindered the study of
      childhood disorders. Many instruments have been developed for assessing
      children's behavior as seen by parents, teachers, clinicians, trained observers,
      peers, and children themselves. Multivariate analyses of behavior problems show
      consistencies in the identification of a few broad-band patterns and more
      numerous narrow-band syndromes, despite differences in specific items comprising
      different instruments. Satisfactory reliability has been achieved in many
      instances, although the variability of children's problem behavior limits
      agreement among informants who see children under different conditions. Despite
      their disagreements, however, each informant's perspective may validly contribute
      to the comprehensive assessment of a child's needs. The quantitative,
      relativistic, and developmental aspects of children's behavior disorders argue
      for replacing categorical approaches to assessment and taxonomy with taxometric
      approaches that capitalize on quantitative methods for identifying and assessing
      children's behavioral problems and competencies.

PMID- 6367625
TI  - Social and community interventions.

PMID- 6367626
TI  - Counseling psychology.

PMID- 6367627
TI  - [Role of multiple drug resistance in the biology of pathogenic and opportunistic
      bacteria].
AB  - The significance of cloning of pathogenic and opportunistic multiple drug
      resistant bacteria is analysed from the present viewpoints of medicine and
      veterinary. Distribution of drug-resistant strains in men, animals and
      environment and occurrence of new type hospital and nosocomial infections are
      described. The controversial points of the antibiotics role in the formation of
      multiple drug resistance plasmids, occurrence of hospital resistant strains and
      the part of R plasmids in changing the biological characteristics of pathogenic
      and opportunistic bacteria are analysed. It is shown in relation to Salmonella
      that formation of definite clones of multiple drug resistant bacteria results in
      significant changing of epidemiology of the diseases caused by these organisms.
      The data on the identity of the biological and genetic characteristics of the
      Salmonella strains of some phage vars isolated in hospitals and outside the
      hospitals, as well as the data on the effect of R plasmids on the Salmonella
      virulence are presented. The thesis of a higher infective capacity of the strains
      with multiple drug resistance associated with their increased survival levels and
      a higher colonization ability is accentuated. The danger of occurrence of new
      type causative agents on formation of complex plasmids with additional
      determinants connected with the bacteria pathogenicity is discussed. The tasks of
      the further investigation of these aspects are formulated and the possible means
      for the control of this phenomenon are presented.

PMID- 6367628
TI  - [Significance of the antibiotic resistance of the causative agents of
      salmonellosis in its epidemiology and the procedure for controlling the
      infection].
AB  - Antibiotic resistance of a wide set of strains (1501) of different serovars (69)
      was studied and the nature of the resistance was determined. Virulent
      bacteriophages designed with regard to the biological properties of the isolates
      were considered as possible agents for the control of antibiotic-resistant
      microorganisms. It was shown that multiple resistance to antibacterial drugs was
      mainly characteristic of the serovar of S. typhimurium. In Gorky and its region,
      strains carrying R plasmids determining the resistance to tetracycline and
      chloramphenicol with a molecular weight of 58-64 Md predominated. The antibiotic
      resistant strains were dangerous from the epidemiological point of view. The use
      of the bacteriophages is advisable for the treatment of patients, sanation of
      bacterial carriers or decontamination of disease sources and prophylactic phaging
      with regard to the epidemiological indications for preventing group diseases.

PMID- 6367629
TI  - [Chromosome markers of drug resistance as the selectors of potential vaccinal
      strains].
AB  - Mutations resulting in acquisition of the resistance to rifampicin, streptomycin,
      neamine, polymyxin M, mecillinam and high concentrations of nalidixic acid were
      studied with respect to their effect on virulence of Shigella flexneri by
      transduction of the markers from the spontaneous avirulent mutants to the initial
      strain. It was shown that the acquisition of the determinants of the resistance
      to rifampicin, streptomycin, neamine (nea A) and high concentration of nalidixic
      acid resulted in 100 per cent of the cases in losing the transductant capacity
      for causing keratoconjunctivitis in guinea-pigs. With the mutations resulting in
      the acquisition of resistance to neamine (nea B) and mecillinam virulence was
      lost only in a part of the clones (33 and 53 per cent respectively). The changes
      in the pathogenic properties of the transductants with the acquired markers of
      the resistance to the above antibiotics were associated with impairment of the
      bacterial cell vital structures. It is suggested that the genetically
      characterized avirulen immunogenetic mutants be used as potential vaccinal
      strains.

PMID- 6367630
TI  - [Research results and prospects for development in the field of semisynthetic
      antibiotics].

PMID- 6367631
TI  - [Beta-lactamase inhibitors and their possible therapeutic significance].

PMID- 6367632
TI  - [Molecular biological characteristics of staphylococcal plasmids].

PMID- 6367633
TI  - [Incompatibility properties of pKMR plasmids determining antibiotic resistance
      and the capacity to produce colonization antigen].
AB  - pKMR207-1, pKMR208-1, pKMR209, pKMR210 and pKMR212 plasmids controlling
      simultaneously antibiotic resistance and capacity for synthesis of the
      colonization antigen were detected in wild strains of E. coli of various
      serotypes. The properties of compatibility of plasmids pKMR to each other and
      their attitude to the known incompatibility groups were studied. It was shown
      that pKMR207-1, pKMR208-1, pKMR210 and pKMR212 plasmids were incompatible. These
      plasmids had the incompatibility properties with respect to R388 (Inc FI) plasmid
      and probably belonged to the incompatibility group Inc. FI. pKMR209 plasmid was
      compatible with pKMR207-1, pKMR208-1, pKMR210 and pKMR212 plasmids and belonged
      to another incompatibility group.

PMID- 6367634
TI  - Kinetic studies on the inhibition of Proteus vulgaris beta-lactamase by imipenem.
AB  - Imipenem was found to inhibit Proteus vulgaris beta-lactamase in a progressive
      manner. Kinetic experiments confirmed that the inactivated enzyme was not
      completely recovered after intact imipenem had been exhausted.

PMID- 6367635
TI  - Reduction in duration of common colds by zinc gluconate lozenges in a double
      blind study.
AB  - As a possible treatment for common colds, we tested zinc gluconate lozenges in a
      double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. One 23-mg zinc lozenge or
      matched placebo was dissolved in the mouth every 2 wakeful h after an initial
      double dose. After 7 days, 86% of 37 zinc-treated subjects were asymptomatic,
      compared with only 46% of 28 placebo-treated subjects (P = 0.0005). Side effects
      or complaints were usually minor and consisted mainly of objectionable taste and
      mouth irritation. Zinc lozenges shortened the average duration of common colds by
      about 7 days.

PMID- 6367636
TI  - Interaction of metronidazole with DNA repair mutants of Escherichia coli.
AB  - It has been proposed that one of metronidazole's partially reduced intermediates
      interacts either with DNA to exert a bactericidal effect or with water to form
      acetamide. To test this hypothesis we have examined the effect of metronidazole
      on several mutants of Escherichia coli that are defective in DNA repair. UV
      susceptible RecA- and UvrB- point mutants have an increased susceptibility to
      metronidazole as manifested by both a decreased minimal inhibitory concentration
      and a greater bactericidal response to metronidazole in resting cultures. By
      these criteria, however, we find that UvrB- deletion mutants, which lack the
      ability to reduce nitrate and chlorate, are no more susceptible to metronidazole
      than is the wild type. We find, however, that these deletion mutants also lack
      the ability to reduce metronidazole and thus possibly to form its reactive
      species. When metronidazole's bactericidal effect is expressed in terms of the
      concurrent accumulation of acetamide derived from metronidazole, then all RecA-
      and UvrB- mutants are killed more efficiently than their wild types. The data are
      consistent, therefore, with metronidazole's lethal effect being mediated by a
      partially reduced intermediate on the metabolic pathway between metronidazole and
      acetamide. Defects in other aspects of the DNA repair system do not confer this
      increased susceptibility to the proposed intermediate. A Tag- mutant, for
      example, which is defective in 3-methyl-adenine-DNA glycosylase, does not have
      this increased susceptibility to the presumed precursor of acetamide. Thus, these
      results provide further support for the hypothesis that the bactericidal effect
      of metronidazole is mediated by a partially reduced intermediate in the metabolic
      conversion of metronidazole to acetamide and suggest that this intermediate
      interacts with DNA to produce a lesion similar to that caused by UV light.

PMID- 6367637
TI  - Vagotomy abolishes the differential palatability of food.
AB  - The magnitude of preabsorptive insulin release varies as a function of
      palatability. This suggests that the palatability-dependent rise in plasma
      insulin could accentuate the systemic stimulus to eat, which in turn could
      modulate the size of the meal. The present experiment was designed to test this
      hypothesis by investigating the ingestive responses of vagotomized rats, which no
      longer exhibit preabsorptive insulin release, when they are offered nutritionally
      identical diets differing only in their sensory characteristics. The presented
      foods were three forms of the rat's regular diet: unaltered, sweetened with
      sodium cyclamate or adulterated with quinine hydrochloride. It was shown that
      vagotomized rats ate exactly the same amount of the three diets in three
      different test-meals: without cephalic insulin release, meal size no longer seems
      to be modulated by oral cues.

PMID- 6367638
TI  - Proceedings of the meeting of the American Society for Stereotactic and
      Functional Neurosurgery. Durham, N.C., April 29-May 1, 1983.

PMID- 6367639
TI  - Thalamic stimulation for chronic pain.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of the thalamus was found to be effective for the
      treatment of chronic intractable pain of various etiologies. Diencephalic
      recordings revealed spontaneous focal electrical discharge patterns with
      relatively low activation thresholds. Localization of the optimum thalamic
      discharge site is used as a guide for the electrode implant to be used for
      chronic stimulation. The thalamic sites which most frequently displayed the low
      threshold spontaneous focal discharge activity were the CM-Pf complex and related
      intralaminar nuclear structures. Generation of diencephalic pain-reverberating
      circuits was discussed in relation to explaining the pain syndromes herein
      described. The applied electrical stimulation is thought to
      electrophysiologically 'jam' the low threshold discharging systems and thereby
      alleviate pain.

PMID- 6367640
TI  - Three-dimensional stereotactic anatomy of the human trigeminal nerve nuclear
      complex.
AB  - The trigeminal nuclear complex and its spinal tract extend throughout the greater
      part of the brain-stem and at medullary levels form the target site for producing
      stereotactic lesions. This paper describes a method for three-dimensional
      drawings of this nuclear complex. A stereotactic atlas of the human brain-stem
      and cerebellar nuclei has formed the data base. The two-dimensional composite
      transverse sections, at 1-mm intervals have been digitized using an X-Y
      coordinate plotting microscope. Computer programs have been written to generate
      drawings of a single transverse hemisection as well as regeneration of the
      opposite hemibrain-stem section. Specific programs were used to reconstruct
      serial transverse section outlines and incorporate the trigeminal nuclear complex
      with and without hidden line removal techniques and colour graphic display
      facilities. Rotation about the x, y and z axes was possible and permits any view
      of the reconstructed specimen to be computer-generated. A further program for
      reconstructing structures as stereopairs is presented.

PMID- 6367642
TI  - Stereotactic radiofrequency lesion making.
AB  - The physical principles of radiofrequency (RF) lesion making in stereotactic
      neurosurgery are summarized. Empirical data are given on the relationship between
      lesion size and lesioning parameters. Currently accepted ranges of lesioning
      parameters for selected stereotactic procedures are discussed. Advanced RF lesion
      electrode designs are described which improve the capabilities to reach and
      confirm targets.

PMID- 6367641
TI  - Percutaneous radiofrequency glossopharyngeal rhizotomy for cancer pain.
AB  - 15 patients with pain secondary to cancer underwent radiofrequency
      glossopharyngeal rhizotomy by the percutaneous approach. 11 patients had complete
      relief while 4 patients had partial relief. All patients presented, after
      surgery, some impairment in glossopharyngeal function.

PMID- 6367643
TI  - Neuroleptic analgesia for stereotactic surgery.
AB  - This report describes the technique of neuroleptic analgesia which was used to
      perform a variety of stereotactic procedures. The method provides optimal
      operating conditions for the surgeon while maintaining a high degree of
      physiologic and neurologic stability for the patient. 51 patients in our series
      underwent various stereotactic procedures with no intraoperative complications or
      postoperative morbidity.

PMID- 6367644
TI  - Stereotactic neurosurgery and computerized tomographic scanning.
AB  - The marriage of computerized tomographic (CT) scanning and stereotactic surgery
      opens up new technical possibilities, as it becomes feasible to introduce a probe
      into any lesion which is identified on a CT scan. The various CT stereotactic
      techniques are reviewed, and generally involve four variations. The head holder
      of a standard stereotactic apparatus can be adapted to the CT scanner to
      interdigitate the coordinates of both devices in a known relationship. Second,
      some types of CT scanners allow the visualization of the vertical coordinate.
      Third, a stereotactic microdrive can be incorporated into the scanner. Finally, a
      simple aiming device can be attached to the patient's head and repeated scans
      taken as the probe is advanced to the target. Various authors have reported the
      use of techniques for biopsy, aspiration of cysts or hematomas, insertion of
      radioisotopes, or as an adjunct to open surgery.

PMID- 6367645
TI  - Experience using two CT-guided stereotactic biopsy methods.
AB  - 15 patients had intracranial CT-guided stereotactic biopsies. Biopsies were
      performed either with a Riechert-Mundinger stereotactic frame modified for use in
      the CT or by using the CT scan to establish the relationship of the intracranial
      lesion to identifiable bony landmarks, and subsequently performing the biopsy in
      a standard stereotactic frame. Both systems provided safe and accurate methods
      for obtaining intracranial tissue.

PMID- 6367646
TI  - Stereotactic CT scanning for the biopsy of intracranial lesions and functional
      neurosurgery.
AB  - This report describes a system for incorporation of stereotactic CT scanning
      data, stereotactic arteriographic data and a computer-generated stereotactic
      atlas into a three-dimensional matrix utilizing an operating room computer. 86
      patients have undergone computer-assisted stereotactic biopsies of intracranial
      lesions without mortality or neurologic morbidity. Neuroablative and
      neuroaugmentative procedures have been performed on 5 patients using the CT
      stereotactic atlas with good correlation with target points determined by
      ventriculography and microelectrode recording.

PMID- 6367647
TI  - The role of computed tomographic and digital radiographic techniques in
      stereotactic procedures for electrode implantation and mapping, and lesion
      localization.
AB  - This paper describes a computer-based system for analyzing stereotactic CT scans
      and angiograms. Simple Plexiglas frames containing metallic marker pellets and
      rods are affixed to the sides of the frame during CT scanning and angiography.
      The images of these markers are recognized by the computer program and used to
      compute the frame coordinate system. Coordinates of a lesion on CT and angiogram
      images may be readily computed and coordinate sets specified by the operator may
      be displayed on the imager, along with positions of implanted electrodes and a
      numerical indication of recorded activity for each site.

PMID- 6367648
TI  - Digital radiography for target point evaluation in stereotactic neurosurgery.
AB  - Today, the usual target point evaluation during stereotactic operations using
      planar X-ray films can be supplemented by digital video storage. The picture
      delivering system is a digital X-ray video chain which replaces the X-ray film.
      Evaluation of target point coordinates as well as parameters of electrode
      approach and positioning are determined by a microcomputer. Such an inexpensive
      system is described.

PMID- 6367649
TI  - A multipurpose CT-guided stereotactic instrument of simple design.
AB  - The instrument is based upon a radiolucent ring fixed to the skull by four pins.
      This locks into a frame for CT scanning from which the x, y and z stereotactic
      coordinates are derived. The head ring may be locked into a compatible support on
      the operating table for biopsy. A similar support and localization system is used
      for rotational radiotherapy. With the current 14 MeV apparatus, fields as small
      as 2 cm in diameter are available with 90% dosage fall-off in the surrounding 1
      cm shell.

PMID- 6367650
TI  - Computer graphics with computerized tomography for functional neurosurgery.
AB  - A computer graphics technique for computer-assisted stereotactic surgery is
      presented. The program is designed to aid the surgeon by presenting an on-line
      graphics display of stereotactic probes and electrodes superimposed on cross
      sections of the human brain stem. This technique simulates an otherwise blind
      surgical procedure on a graphics screen for use during surgery. An earlier system
      based around the DEC MINC-11 BA computer system has been used by the authors for
      the performance of stereotactic surgery with conventional ventriculography. This
      system has been upgraded and is now configured about an even more compact
      microprocessor-based hardware system with expanded graphics capabilities, which
      also allows its use with computerized tomography.

PMID- 6367651
TI  - Stereotactic biopsy of cerebral space-occupying lesions.
AB  - Brain imaging has improved and more and more cerebral lesions are discovered. A
      direct surgical approach can be dangerous. Stereotactic biopsy appears as an
      excellent alternative because it provides one not only with a precise
      histological diagnosis but also gives a real three-dimensional picture of a
      lesion.

PMID- 6367652
TI  - Stereotactic localization of deep-seated arteriovenous malformations in the
      functional area.
AB  - The authors approached 5 arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) located deep in
      functional areas of the cortex with major draining veins found in the mesial
      hemisphere by using the stereotactic method. This procedure is a useful adjunct
      to total resection of these AVMs. No mortality or significant morbidity was noted
      after the surgical procedure. The authors believe that direct attack on AVMs in
      areas of critical function is the procedure of choice in order to preserve
      neurological function.

PMID- 6367653
TI  - Neuroanatomical digital image processing in CT-guided stereotactic operations.
AB  - In order to utilize computed tomography (CT) for functional neurosurgical
      procedures, a number of problems must be resolved. One such problem is the
      development of an appropriate technique for digital processing of neuroanatomical
      images. Our previous work concerned a numerical reproduction of a well-known
      stereotactic atlas and its three-dimensional manipulation. In order to
      efficiently utilize this information with CT images we propose a technique for
      data reduction that allows the reconstruction of anatomical structures from the
      atlas. The logic of implementing these data in CT-assisted stereotactic surgery
      is described.

PMID- 6367654
TI  - Stereotactic systems and procedures for depth electrode placement: technical
      aspects.
AB  - The authors describe the conversion of the Leksell spherical system to that of
      the orthogonal approach for depth electrode placement, by the addition of
      relatively simple devices to the main frame. These modifications have created the
      need for new instrumentation such as teleradiology with laser beam centering and
      the use of an all-purpose stereotactic chair. The main device used for the
      orthogonal approach is an instrument and electrode carrier moving on sliding side
      bars. This system can also take advantage of the newer imaging techniques, such
      as CT scanning, digital angiography and NMR, by the addition of computer markers
      which are interchangeable with the frame side bars.

PMID- 6367655
TI  - Multipolar hollow-core electrode for brain recordings.
AB  - A multicontact macroelectrode for brain recordings is described. Its hollow-core
      structure and slightly recessed contacts allow the electrode to be guided with a
      central stylet for minimal tissue trauma. The helical design of the electrode is
      characterized by high fatigue resistance and high flexibility allowing movement
      with the brain and preventing slicing through tissue. Clinical results have been
      obtained on epileptic patients.

PMID- 6367656
TI  - What happened to VIM thalamotomy for Parkinson's disease?
AB  - A prospective review of 75 of 190 parkinsonian patients undergoing unilateral
      thalamotomy was displayed with a computer graphics technique examining three
      equal consecutive groups from the pre-, early, and late L-dopa eras. Histograms
      for average function and scattergrams of individual patient's performance
      preoperatively and up to 2 years postoperatively were prepared. No ipsilateral
      effects or consistent iatrogenic deterioration of any function were identified. 2
      years after surgery, 82% had no tremor in the contralateral fingers or hand and
      7% had almost no tremor; contralateral tremor elsewhere was infrequent. Rigidity
      and manual dexterity improved less strikingly, the latter only reflecting
      abolition of tremor; locomotion, speech, facial movement and handwriting did not
      improve. There was no mortality, but 8% had persistent significant complications.
      VIM thalamotomy remains the treatment of choice for severe drug-resistant
      parkinsonian tremor.

PMID- 6367657
TI  - Discovery of the first human stereotactic instrument.
AB  - It has been uncovered that the first human stereotactic instrument was designed
      around 1918, but was never put to human use. It was designed after the Horsley
      Clarke animal apparatus by an engineer, Aubrey Mussen. The history surrounding
      that historical event is revealed in a series of letters between the engineer and
      his son some years later.

PMID- 6367658
TI  - The stimulus-secretion coupling of amino acid-induced insulin release: metabolism
      of L-asparagine in pancreatic islets.
AB  - The metabolism of L-asparagine in pancreatic islets was investigated. The
      deamidation of L-asparagine and the conversion of aspartate to oxalacetate, by
      transamination, may occur in both the cytosol and mitochondria. Oxalacetate is
      then converted to pyruvate in part via phosphoenolpyruvate and in part via
      malate. The latter modality, by consuming NADH and generating NADPH, may lead to
      changes in the redox state of the cytosolic NADH/NAD+ and NADPH/NADP+ couples.
      Such changes may in turn account, in part at least, for the capacity of L
      asparagine to augment insulin release induced by certain nutrient secretagogues.

PMID- 6367659
TI  - Digestion of protein substrates by subtilisin: immobilization changes the pattern
      of products.
AB  - Subtilisin BPN' (Bacillus protease strain N') was immobilized on glass-bead
      carriers of controlled pore size by the glutaraldehyde method. The Vmax and Km
      values of the synthetic substrate were similar for immobilized and free enzymes.
      However, the hydrolytic patterns of immobilized and free enzymes toward casein
      and carboxymethylated lysozyme were different. The free enzyme rapidly hydrolyzed
      the substrate in the early stage of the reaction to produce peptides of various
      sizes. The immobilized enzyme, however, slowly digested the casein and lysozyme
      during digestion; even in the late stage of digestion the original substrates
      were present in the reaction mixture. The peptide size produced by immobilized
      enzyme depended on the pore size of the carrier; enzyme immobilized on glass of
      smaller pore size produced smaller peptide products. These phenomena found with
      our system of immobilized protease and a protein substrate can be explained by a
      multiple attack mechanism, in which the substrate that has been forced to enter
      the matrix is attacked many times by the protease to be completely hydrolyzed,
      because the substrate and the intermediate-sized product are trapped inside the
      matrix under reduced diffusion movement. To explain the effective digestion that
      forms amino acids, we have proposed that a multiple type of attack is responsible
      for the intracellular protein degradation that takes place in cellular organelles
      in which hydrolytic enzymes are entrapped.

PMID- 6367660
TI  - Comparison of denaturation of tryptophan synthase alpha-subunits from Escherichia
      coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and an interspecies hybrid.
AB  - Guanidine hydrochloride-induced denaturation and thermal denaturation of three
      kinds of tryptophan synthase alpha subunit have been compared by circular
      dichroism measurements. The three alpha subunits are from Escherichia coli,
      Salmonella typhimurium, and an interspecies hybrid in which the C-terminal domain
      comes from E. coli (alpha-2 domain) and the N-terminal domain comes from S.
      typhimurium (alpha-1 domain). Analysis of denaturation by guanidine hydrochloride
      at 25 degrees C showed that the alpha-2 domain of S. typhimurium was more stable
      than the alpha-2 domain of E. coli, but the alpha-1 domain of S. typhimurium was
      less stable than the alpha-1 domain of the E. coli protein; overall, the hybrid
      protein was slightly less stable than the two original proteins. It is concluded
      that the stability to guanidine hydrochloride denaturation of each of the domains
      of the interspecies hybrid is similar to the stability of the domain of the
      species from which it originated. The E. coli protein was more stable to thermal
      denaturation than the other proteins near the denaturation temperature, but the
      order of their thermal stability was reversed at 25 degrees C and coincided with
      that obtained from guanidine hydrochloride-induced denaturation.

PMID- 6367662
TI  - Partial purification and characterization of insulin protease and its
      intracellular inhibitor from rat liver.
AB  - Insulin protease was purified 700-fold from rat liver homogenate by combined
      ultracentrifugation, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and glucagon-Sepharose-4B
      affinity chromatography. Optimum degradation of insulin was observed at pH 7.6
      with the purified protease whose Km was 24 nM. The enzyme activity was inhibited
      completely by N-ethylmaleimide, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, and heavy metals at 1
      mM, whereas at the same concentration glutathione and mercaptoethanol stimulated
      the protease activity. These results indicate that the catabolic activity of the
      protease is sulfhydryl dependent. Furthermore, the activity of insulin protease
      was also enhanced by calcium and other divalent metal ions at a concentration of
      1 mM. When supernatants, recovered from rat liver homogenates after
      centrifugation at 100,000g, were subjected to combined Sepharose 4B-insulin
      protease affinity chromatography and dialysis, a potent inhibitor of insulin
      protease was obtained which was heat stable. On the basis of kinetic studies, the
      inhibition of insulin degradation caused by this inhibitor was of the competitive
      type. Greater than 90% of the inhibitor activity was retained on dialysis with
      tubing with an inclusion limit of 3500 Da, whereas only 10% of this activity
      could be retained in dialysis tubing with an exclusion limit of 15,000 Da. These
      findings suggest that the insulin protease inhibitor is a low-molecular-weight
      protein. Analysis of homogenates from 13 different tissues of the rat showed that
      the highest levels of insulin protease inhibitor activity were associated with
      those tissues which have the highest capacity to degrade insulin. These data
      suggest that insulin protease and insulin protease inhibitor may be an important
      natural regulatory mechanism of insulin activity.

PMID- 6367661
TI  - Purification and properties of purine hydroxylase II from Aspergillus nidulans.
AB  - Purine hydroxylase II from Aspergillus nidulans has been purified to near
      homogeneity. The enzyme has a pI of 5.7, a molecular weight of 300,000, and two
      subunits with molecular weight of 153,000 each. The enzyme contains 2 FAD, 2
      molybdenum atoms, and 4 (2 Fe-2S) iron-sulfur centers per molecule and exhibits
      broad specificity for reducing and oxidizing substrates. Among the more notable
      characteristics are the ability to oxidize hypoxanthine and nicotinic acid but
      not xanthine and virtually complete inactivity with oxygen. Moreover, while the
      enzyme is inactivated by borate and methanol, it is very resistant to cyanide and
      arsenite and it not inactivated by allopurinol. At infinite concentrations of
      reducing and oxidizing substrates, the Km for hypoxanthine was 119 microM, for
      nicotinic acid was 136 microM, and for NAD+ was 525 microM.

PMID- 6367663
TI  - [Effect of anabolic steroid on immune response].
AB  - Using lymphocyte, monocyte and eosinophil counts of the peripheral blood, PHA
      blastoid transformation, immunoglobulin and beta 2-microglobulin, the influence
      of anabolic steroid on the immune reactivity of the host was dissected by
      administration of Deca-Durabolin ( nandrolone decanoate) to both tumor-bearing
      host and tumor-free host after operation for alimentary tract. The number of
      peripheral lymphocytes and monocytes, the PHA-blastoid transformation of
      peripheral lymphocytes and the IgG level were increased, and the beta 2
      microglobulin level showed the tendency of decrease after the administration of
      Deca-Durabolin.

PMID- 6367664
TI  - Linear IgA bullous dermatosis v dermatitis herpetiformis. Quantitative
      measurements of dermoepidermal alterations.
AB  - Linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LAD), also known as "atypical dermatitis
      herpetiformis," is a disorder that is distinct from classic dermatitis
      herpetiformis (DH). In eight patients with DH and six with LAD, quantitative
      assessment of a variety of histopathologic variables was made. The number of rete
      tips with neutrophils in basal vacuoles and the length of the epidermal basement
      membrane zone (BMZ) associated with these findings were greater in LAD than DH.
      The number of microabscesses of neutrophils in the dermal papillae and the length
      of epidermal BMZ associated with them were greater in DH than in LAD. By using
      the number of microabscesses and the number of rete tips with neutrophils in
      basal vacuoles in a probability model, we found by retrospective analysis that a
      correct diagnosis could be made for LAD in 75% of biopsy specimens with a
      probability of 97% and in all cases of DH with a probability of 92%. Using this
      model, we made no misdiagnoses. This is the first diagnostic probability model in
      dermatopathology that expresses a confidence level in diagnosis.

PMID- 6367665
TI  - A double-blind study of prazosin in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon in
      scleroderma.
AB  - Nineteen patients with Raynaud's phenomenon in conjunction with progressive
      systemic sclerosis were given either prazosin hydrochloride (1 mg orally three
      times a day) or a placebo for eight weeks, after which the treatment procedure
      was reversed for four weeks. Prazosin was shown to be effective in reducing both
      the frequency and the severity of vasospasm reported by the patients.

PMID- 6367666
TI  - Association of bullous pemphigoid with systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Seven previous cases of coexistent bullous pemphigoid (BP) and systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE) have been reported. An 83-year-old man had clinical,
      laboratory, and histologic evidence of both BP and SLE. The question of whether
      coexistent SLE and BP actually occur can be settled only when complete studies
      are available.

PMID- 6367667
TI  - Bullous pemphigoid, myasthenia gravis, and thymoma.

PMID- 6367668
TI  - Transepithelial elimination in chromomycosis.

PMID- 6367669
TI  - Meclofenamate for psoriasis.

PMID- 6367670
TI  - Herpes gestationis in blacks.
AB  - To our knowledge, only two cases of herpes gestationis (HG) have been previously
      reported in black patients. We describe herein two black women with confirmed HG.
      Both had typical historical and clinical features of the disease. Direct
      immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated complement deposition along the
      dermoepidermal junction in both women. Where HLA typing was possible (in one
      patient), the combination of HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 was found. In addition, anti-HLA
      DR2 antibodies were present in serum samples taken from this patient. The
      occurrence of the HLA-DR3-DR4 combination has been reported to be greatly
      increased in whites with HG (43%, as compared with a 3% incidence in control
      subjects). The HLA-DR4 antigen is uncommon in American blacks, which may explain
      the infrequent occurrence of HG in this population. The occurrence of the DR2
      antigen is increased in the husbands of women with HG, and this increase is most
      pronounced in the husbands of patients with the DR3-DR4 combination. The
      occurrence of positive immunofluorescence microscopy findings, together with the
      presence of a rare histocompatibility antigen combination previously associated
      with HG and the presence of anti-DR2 antibodies in the serum of one of our
      patients all suggest that HG is pathogenically identical in both blacks and
      whites.

PMID- 6367671
TI  - Treatment of whooping cough: the facts.

PMID- 6367672
TI  - Diet and behaviour.

PMID- 6367673
TI  - Ultrastructural immunogold labelling of human Langerhans cells enriched epidermal
      cell suspension.
AB  - Colloidal gold particles are well suited as markers in electron microscopy.
      Indirect immunogold staining was used to identify cell membrane antigens defined
      by monoclonal antibodies OKT6 and BL6 on human Langerhans cells (LC) in
      suspensions. Isolated epidermal cells were obtained by skin trypsinization and
      enriched or depleted in OKT6 positive on BL6 positive LC using the panning
      method: incubation of OKT6 or BL6 preincubated cells on immunoglobulin coated
      dishes. Indirect immunogold staining was then performed after prefixation in 2%
      paraformaldehyde. In LC enriched suspensions, only LC exhibited a specific
      membrane labelling with OKT6 or BL6 recognized by the presence of small evently
      distributed gold granules. Neither Birbeck granules, nor other cytoplasmic
      organelles, were labelled. No other epidermal cells were found positive. In LC
      depleted suspensions, no labelling was observed. Immunogold labelling on LC
      enriched suspensions after panning is now in progress for the qualitative
      evaluation and the quantitative analysis of cell surface constituents and
      antigens expressed by human dendritic epidermal cells.

PMID- 6367674
TI  - Distribution of T-cell subsets as defined by monoclonal antibodies in skin
      lesions of psoriasis vulgaris.
AB  - Cryostat tissue sections from skin lesions of 16 patients suffering from chronic
      stationary psoriasis vulgaris were assayed for the presence of distinct T-cell
      subpopulations with monoclonal antibodies. Using two pan-T surface markers (M-T 4
      11 and Lyt 3) the total number of infiltrating T-cells was measured. This cell
      population was further dissected into Leu 3a (helper/inducer) and M-T 8-11
      (cytotoxic/suppressor) positive subsets. Percentages of T-cell subpopulations
      were within the ranges found in healthy peripheral blood and were thus regarded
      as normal.

PMID- 6367675
TI  - Extractable immune complex in soluble substances from psoriatic scales.
AB  - Soluble substances of psoriatic scales (Pso-exts) were analysed immunologically
      to detect immune complex (IC) related to the immune reactions in psoriatic
      lesions and compared with extracts of scales from a patient with erythroderma due
      to pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP-exts) as control. Immunoelectrophoretically IgG,
      IgA and C3 were detected in Pso-exists, but in PRP-exists only IgG was seen as
      immunological reactive substances. When analysed by Sephadex G-200 column
      chromatography, IgG and IgA eluates were found in Pso-exts with a molecular
      weight of more than 200,000 daltons. By Raji cell assay, the IgG and IgA eluates
      were shown to have IC characteristics and they were the IC composed of IgG-IgA,
      which was also confirmed using anti-IgG affinity chromatography. The IC seemed to
      be binding the epidermal proteins as antigen. These findings suggest that
      deposits of immunoglobulins and complement in the stratum corneum of psoriatic
      lesions are not just secondary to the underlying inflammation in the dermis but
      that the IC detected is related to the immune reactions in psoriatic lesions.

PMID- 6367676
TI  - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide secretion after radical pancreatoduodenectomy.
AB  - To elucidate the role of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) in the alteration
      of insulin secretion following pancreatoduodenal resection, in which the main
      sources of GIP are removed, plasma levels of GIP were measured for 180 minutes
      after oral glucose administration, both before and after radical
      pancreatoduodenectomy in nine patients with periampullary cancer. Fasting plasma
      levels of GIP remained much the same before and after surgery, and were not
      different from those in normal controls. The levels of GIP after glucose
      ingestion were significantly greater in the preoperative patients than in normal
      controls throughout 180 minutes. After pancreatoduodenectomy, the postglucose
      levels significantly diminished but remained within normal limits. Changes in
      plasma levels of insulin early after glucose ingestion in these patients,
      however, were significantly less both before and after surgery than in normal
      controls, and were not concomitant with the initial increase in plasma GIP. On
      the other hand, plasma levels of insulin greatly increased immediately after
      glucose ingestion in accordance with a rapid elevation of plasma GIP in 11
      gastrectomized patients in whom the duodenum and the pancreas were preserved
      intact and who served as the control group. Thus, the diminution in GIP secretion
      following pancreatoduodenectomy may relate to the lack of main sources of this
      gut hormone and not to factors involved in the reconstruction of the alimentary
      tract. We conclude that the impaired insulin secretion following oral glucose
      ingestion in patients before and after pancreatoduodenectomy does not relate to
      the secretion of GIP.

PMID- 6367677
TI  - Cardiac transplantation following storage of the donor heart by a portable
      hypothermic perfusion system.
AB  - Four patients have undergone heterotopic heart transplantation with donor hearts
      stored by a portable hypothermic perfusion system. Total ischemic periods ranged
      from 6 hours 55 minutes to 16 hours 50 minutes. One heart, transplanted into a
      patient who had acutely rejected a previous graft, suffered accelerated,
      irreversible, acute rejection within five days, associated with strong antibody
      formation; donor heart function was never good. In the 3 remaining patients,
      donor heart function was good after initially being poor for a few hours in 2
      patients. One patient died of long-term rejection after 6 months and 1 of
      tuberculous meningitis after 10 months; 1 remains alive at 15 months. Neither
      preservation of the donor heart for periods in excess of approximately 4 hours
      nor the use of continuous hypothermic perfusion as a method of preservation
      appears to have been reported previously in the context of the clinical
      situation.

PMID- 6367678
TI  - Occupational and other environmental diseases of the endocrine system.

PMID- 6367679
TI  - Thromboembolism in patients with the 'lupus'-type circulating anticoagulant.
AB  - Thirty-five patients with the lupus anticoagulant (LA) were followed up between
      1975 and 1982. The most prevalent clinical manifestation occurring in these
      patients was thrombosis. Nineteen patients (54.3%) had a single or recurrent
      thrombotic episode. Fifteen patients (42.8%) had venous thrombosis, and arterial
      thrombosis manifested by stroke or transient ischemic attacks occurred in six
      patients. Bleeding occurred in only five patients, four of whom had severe
      thrombocytopenia, while no excessive bleeding was noted during 18 operative
      procedures. Various therapeutic regimens, including corticosteriods, nonsteroidal
      anti-inflammatory drugs, cytotoxic or immunosuppressive agents, had no effect on
      the presence of the LA in these patients. Anticoagulants were successful in the
      treatment and prevention of thrombotic episodes.

PMID- 6367680
TI  - Tricyclic antidepressant therapy for peptic ulcer disease.
AB  - The role of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) as agents for treatment of peptic
      ulcer disease is of growing interest. In both placebo-controlled clinical trials
      and comparative studies with cimetidine, TCAs have proved effective and safe as
      ulcer-healing agents. The mechanism of action by which TCAs produce healing has
      not been fully elucidated. In vivo studies in man have generally shown that TCAs
      decrease gastric acid secretion. In addition to their well-known anticholinergic
      properties, in vitro studies have indicated potent H1- and H2-receptor blocking
      activities for these agents. Separate from these effects on acid output, the
      antipain/depression effect of TCAs may be of benefit in certain patients with
      ulcers. Other advantages of these agents include their long half-lives, low cost,
      and readily available serum monitoring. Further clinical studies with detailed
      physiologic and psychologic observations and serum monitoring using TCAs in
      patients with peptic ulcer disease are needed.

PMID- 6367681
TI  - Septic Shock. A metabolic perspective.

PMID- 6367682
TI  - Should women taking antituberculosis drugs breast-feed?
AB  - Most of the commonly used antituberculosis drugs are excreted in the breast milk
      of nursing mothers. However, only a small fraction of the adult dose appears in
      breast milk, and we estimate that breast-fed infants would receive no more than
      20% of the usual therapeutic dose for infants for any of these drugs. Based on
      these considerations, we believe the risk of toxic reactions to drugs in infants
      of nursing mothers receiving antituberculosis drugs is very low. Nevertheless,
      the decision to breast-feed while taking antituberculosis drugs must be an
      individual one that takes into account the known facts, professional opinion, and
      the patient's values and preferences.

PMID- 6367683
TI  - Status of exercise stress testing after myocardial infarction.
AB  - The use and current limitations of early exercise testing of the patient with a
      postmyocardial infarction (MI) is reviewed. The test provides useful information
      in identifying patients at high risk of a second coronary event, thereby helping
      direct possible interventional therapy. It also furnishes information regarding
      the patient's capacity for physical exertion, detection of ventricular
      arrhythmias, and extent of coronary artery disease. Angina, ST segment responses,
      BP, and ventricular arrhythmias during early exercise testing are evaluated for
      their importance in determining prognosis. The concomitant use of thallium
      scintigraphy and radionuclide ventriculography seems to augment detection of
      multivessel disease and left-ventricular dysfunction. A practical strategy for
      the use of early exercise testing in the evaluation of post-Mis is provided.

PMID- 6367684
TI  - Value of positive serologic findings for toxoplasmosis in the immunocompromised
      host.

PMID- 6367685
TI  - Decreased blood glucose and insulin by nopal (Opuntia sp.).

PMID- 6367686
TI  - Usefulness of enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) in the study of
      intoxications caused by anticonvulsive drugs.

PMID- 6367687
TI  - [Interaction of the functions of the cerebral hemispheres].

PMID- 6367688
TI  - Depressive disorders in childhood. I. A longitudinal prospective study of
      characteristics and recovery.
AB  - In the context of a prospective, longitudinal, and controlled nosologic study,
      the characteristics and diagnostic validity of major depressive disorder,
      dysthymic disorder, and adjustment disorder with depressed mood were examined in
      a school-aged cohort. The entities were distinguishable on several dimensions
      such as age at onset and pattern of recovery. Time to recovery from onset was
      most favorable for the adjustment disorders (90% remission rate during nine
      months) and least so for the dysthymias (89% remission rate during six years).
      Major depression and dysthymia were similar with respect to the prevalence of
      concurrent nonaffective disorders. For both, early age at onset predicted a more
      protracted illness. Treatment contacts, none of which were under the control of
      the investigators, had no clear impact on recovery from the depressions.

PMID- 6367689
TI  - Duration of antidepressant drug treatment. What is an adequate trial?
AB  - Data from three six-week placebo-controlled randomized antidepressant trials were
      pooled to test the hypothesis that a four-week trial is insufficient to reach a
      determination of drug failure in depressed patients. We compared global clinical
      ratings at weekly intervals for patients receiving drug and patients receiving
      placebo and calculated the proportion of patients whose clinical status changed
      over time. We predicted, and found, that a significant proportion of patients who
      showed no clear-cut response at four weeks would show much improvement at six
      weeks in drug but not placebo conditions. Baseline Research Diagnostic Criteria
      diagnosis, baseline illness severity, and drug dose adjustments after four weeks
      did not predict either late clinical improvement or relapse between four and six
      weeks. Additional placebo-controlled studies are needed to replicate our findings
      concerning the advantage of extending trials to five or six weeks in samples of
      patients of various depressive subtypes.

PMID- 6367690
TI  - Pretreatment DST and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical function in depressed
      patients and comparison groups. A multicenter study.
AB  - Pretreatment measures of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HYPAC) function
      in depressed, manic, and healthy normal subjects showed that nonsuppression on
      the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) had less positive predictive value for
      major diagnostic category and was more frequent in normals (8/77) than recently
      reported, although it was yet more frequent in depressed patients (35/111).
      Nonsuppression was common in manics (8/16), was similar in unipolar and bipolar
      depressed patients (35% and 27%, respectively), and did not segregate with
      melancholic, endogenous, or psychotic depression subtypes. Patterns of post-DST
      plasma cortisol concentration other than simple escape or nonescape from
      suppression were common. Nonsuppression of 9 AM plasma cortisol levels on the DST
      had as good or better diagnostic specificity as nonsuppression of any of three
      post-DST samples. Nonsuppression was not completely synonymous with HYPAC
      hypersecretion. Means of pre-DST HYPAC measures (morning plasma cortisol, urine
      free cortisol, and CSF cortisol levels) were elevated in depressed patients
      compared with normals. There were significant differences in HYPAC measures of
      depressed patients studied at different centers. Age correlated positively and
      body weight negatively with plasma cortisol level.

PMID- 6367691
TI  - Diazepam and propranolol in panic disorder and agoraphobia.
AB  - The response to diazepam and propranolol hydrochloride was compared in 21
      patients who (with one exception) met DSM-III criteria for panic disorder and
      agoraphobia. Each drug was administered for two weeks in double-blind fashion
      according to a crossover design. The response to diazepam was significantly
      superior on all measures. By observer rating, 18 patients showed at least
      moderate improvement with diazepam compared with seven receiving propranolol.
      Panic attacks and phobic symptoms responded to diazepam, but not to propranolol.
      The results suggest that benzodiazepines constitute effective short-term
      treatment for these newly defined disorders.

PMID- 6367692
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against antigens of the human mammary carcinoma cell line
      MCF-7.
AB  - Mouse monoclonal antibodies against the human mammary carcinoma cell line, MCF-7,
      were produced and tested against a panel of cell lines. They recognize a variety
      of intra- and extracellular antigens. Four of them did not react with the human
      rhabdomyosarcoma cell line A-204 used as a discriminating second target during
      initial screening. One of these, 45-B/B3, is specific for epithelia, and probably
      recognizes a cytokeratin. This antibody clearly differentiates carcinomas from
      sarcomas and lymphomas, and epithelial cells in culture from fibroblasts. It is
      not species-restricted.

PMID- 6367693
TI  - Cytomorphometric characterization of NHL(non-Hodgkin's lymphomas) of low and high
      grade malignancy.
AB  - From semithin sections of 12 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (3 lymphocytic, 3
      centrocytic, 3 lymphoblastic, 3 centroblastic m.L.) morphometric parameters of
      nucleus and cytoplasm, including size, shape, roundness, number and size of
      nucleoli were measured. Statistical evaluation of the data showed that the
      lymphoma cells mainly differ in their size, less in their shape. Nucleolar
      parameters are of greater value than contour features in discriminating the four
      groups of NHL. With growing grade of malignancy an increasing nuclear and
      cellular polymorphism was observed. Moreover, measurement of the feature "maximal
      nuclear diameter" on paraffin sections from 42 further cases showed the
      possibility of morphometric discrimination of low and high malignant NHL in
      histopathological diagnostics.

PMID- 6367694
TI  - Spontaneous release of leukocyte migration inhibition factor (LMIF) by
      lymphocytes in chronic lymphatic leukemia patients.
AB  - Leukocyte migration inhibition factor (LMIF) activity expressed as a migration
      index was studied in sera of 13 chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) patients and 14
      healthy subjects. LMIF activity was present in 92.8% of CLL patients and 14% of
      controls. The LMIF activity of lymphocyte culture supernatants in the same
      patients and 7 controls was also studied. A LMIF-like activity was found both, in
      the sera and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) unstimulated cell supernatants in 9 of 13
      patients (69.2%). These results demonstrate the ability of malignant B cells to
      release LMIF or LMIF-like factors spontaneously.

PMID- 6367695
TI  - Subpopulations of human lymphocytes differing in receptors to mouse and sheep red
      blood cells.
AB  - A segregation procedure of human lymphocytes by successive rosetting with mouse
      and sheep red blood cells, and separation of rosettes by Ficoll Hypaque gradient
      centrifugation, is described. This method yields four lymphocyte subpopulations:
      lymphocytes with mouse and sheep receptors (M+E+), with mouse receptor only (M+E
      ), with sheep receptor only (M-E+), and without any receptors (M-E-). Presence of
      surface membrane receptors: E, C3, Fc, and DR on the cells in the subpopulations
      have indicated that M-E+ and M+E+ cells are T cells, M+E- cells are B cells and M
      E- cells are nonhomogeneous, consisting of B cells, T cells, monocytes, and
      granulocytes.

PMID- 6367696
TI  - The allogeneic effect in (Balb/c X AKR)F1 mice.
AB  - Graft-versus-host reaction induced in 6-weeks-old (Balb/c X AKR)F1 hybrid mice by
      the injection of parental (Balb/c) spleen cells caused the allogeneic effect,
      i.e. the stimulation of host IgM and IgG antibody forming cells (PFC) to SRBC and
      LPS. Parental lymphocytes in vivo allosensitized to AKR antigens were used to
      find out if the alloreactive T lymphocytes mediate the allogeneic effect. It was
      found that these cells influenced differently the humoral response to the
      antigens. The stimulation of the response to LPS was not changed in comparison
      with that produced by normal parental cells. On the 5th day of immunization with
      SRBC the stimulation of IgM PFC was stronger than IgG PFC. On the 10th day, the
      stimulation of IgM and IgG PFC was decreased. Moreover, it was observed that when
      parental splenocytes normal or allosensitized were incubated and centrifuged on
      allogeneic fibroblast monolayer the ability of nonadherent cells to mediate
      allogeneic effect was decreased or completely disappeared.

PMID- 6367697
TI  - Comparison of reactions to skin grafts in green frogs: Rana lessonae cam., R.
      esculenta L. and R. ridibunda pall.
AB  - Adult, field-collected green frogs, Rana lessonae and R. ridibunda, and their
      interspecific hybrid R. esculenta were tested with skin grafts at 22 +/- 2
      degrees C. Two types of reactions to grafts were observed. 1) Median survival
      time (MST) was about 25 days, which was observed in R. lessonae hosts in response
      to allogeneic stimuli and to skin grafts from R. esculenta, and R. esculenta
      hybrids given grafts from the parental species. 2) MST was equal to or longer
      than 30 days, which was observed in the case of grafts among R. esculenta, and in
      R. ridibunda hosts given grafts from R. esculenta and R. lessonae. It seems that
      a high histocompatibility allele polymorphism occurs in R. lessonae even within
      one population, whereas lower polymorphism and/or reduced immunological
      reactivity occurs in R. ridibunda.

PMID- 6367698
TI  - Antimonocyte serum. Preparation and characterization.
AB  - Cell suspensions enriched with monocytes were obtained from the blood of Vietnam
      normal pig and rabbits injected with avirulent Welshimer strain of L.
      monocytogenes by velocity sedimentation on BSA gradient and separation on Ficoll
      Triosil gradient. They were used for immunization of rabbits and a sheep,
      respectively. The antisera specific for monocytes (RAMS and SAMS) were obtained
      by scrupulous absorption with lymphocytes and granulocytes.

PMID- 6367699
TI  - Antimonocyte serum. The effect on blast transformation, RFC and PFC formation.
AB  - The paper is a continuation of the previous experiments. The results show that
      the rabbit and sheep antisera specific for monocytes after absorption with
      leukocytes deprived of phagocytosing cells do not affect E-rosetting cells and do
      not impair the blast transformation of normal leukocytes stimulated by PHA in
      vitro. However, they reduce the number of EAC rosettes formed by leukocytes and
      they decrease the ability of leukocytes to produce antibodies for SRBC.

PMID- 6367700
TI  - Enzymatic method of incorporation of 125I into DNA.
AB  - DNA can be labeled with iodine in the reaction catalyzed with lactoperoxidase.
      Iodine is incorporated in cytosine similarly as in the chemical reaction.
      Iodination by means of the enzymatic method is faster than by means of the
      chemical method. The equilibrium state is still achieved after 10 minutes, during
      the enzymatic reaction, while during the chemical reaction it is achieved after
      30 minutes. The preservation of the proper concentration of LP/DNA less than or
      equal to 0.075. ensures the proper reaction rate and decreases "self-iodination"
      of the enzyme. Deviations from the optimum conditions of the enzymatic reaction
      cause the decrease of the iodine incorporation or the increase of degradation of
      nucleic acid. Labeled DNA (less than or equal to 10% ICl) slightly differs from
      non-labeled DNA. Labeling 10% cytosine in DNA causes the decrease of melting
      temperature of about 1 degree C. DNA labeled this way reassociates with
      homologous non-labeled DNA at approximately 98%.

PMID- 6367701
TI  - The Walter J. Zeiter lecture. Research: ends, setting, environment, activities,
      resources, creativity, health.

PMID- 6367702
TI  - [Change in position of the lingual bar].

PMID- 6367703
TI  - [Occlusal adjustment in prosthetics].

PMID- 6367704
TI  - [Adhesion of composites (clinical note)].

PMID- 6367705
TI  - Abdominal aortic aneurysm, Leriche's syndrome, inguinal herniation, and smoking.
AB  - We previously found an increase in serum proteolytic activity in smokers with
      direct inguinal herniation and a similar imbalance in smokers with abdominal
      aortic aneurysm (AAA), but not in smokers with Leriche's syndrome (LS). If the
      protease imbalance in the blood of smokers with AAA or herniation is a causal
      factor, these conditions should be associated. Therefore, we determined whether
      this is true using patients with LS as control subjects. The frequency of
      inguinal herniation was significantly higher in the AAA population (N = 341;
      25.8%) than in patients with LS (N = 417; 14.6%). In addition, patients with AAA
      had more severe herniation (direct, bilateral, recurrent, or earlier onset) and
      had more pronounced leukocytosis (9,000/cu mm v 8,190/cu mm). These data suggest
      that increased blood proteolytic activity may play a role in the development of
      both AAA and adult inguinal herniation but not LS. Men who smoke manifest
      different systemic effects.

PMID- 6367706
TI  - Rapid alterations in substrate profiles after partial hepatectomy in the rat.
AB  - We compared alterations in circulating levels of insulin and glucagon and
      metabolic fuels in response to partial (70%) hepatectomy (HP) and sham
      hepatectomy (SHP) in fasting rats and in unanesthetized, fasting control rats.
      Within 15 minutes, animals in the HP group were hypoglycemic compared with the
      SHP and control groups. After 30 minutes, the insulin concentration and the
      insulin-glucagon molar ratio (IGR) rose in the HP group. After four hours,
      animals in the HP group were hyperglycemic compared with the SHP and control
      animals. Comparison of the lipid and amino acid profiles suggested use of these
      substrates by eight hours. The levels of branched-chain amino acids, although
      depressed early after HP, were markedly elevated later, when the IGR in the HP
      group had normalized. The acute loss of hepatic mass by limiting gluconeogenesis
      may be the cause of hypoglycemia and also could alter the plasma IGR because of
      the different hepatic clearance rates of these hormones. A switch to lipid and
      protein as metabolic fuels appears to follow these early changes.

PMID- 6367707
TI  - Splenectomy and death in renal transplant patients.

PMID- 6367708
TI  - [Nutritive physiological effect of dietary fats in rations for growing swine. 2.
      Effect of an isocaloric exchange of carbohydrate energy versus fat energy in
      piglets on growth and various metabolic parameters in the subsequent fattening
      period].
AB  - The influence of different feeding regimes of piglets on fattening performance
      and blood composition of the subsequent fattening period (30-100 kg) was
      examined. Three groups of pigs fed on an isocaloric and isonitrogenous basis with
      rations containing either 5% fat (groups I), 18% fat (group II) or 35% fat (group
      III) until body weight of 30 kg, were fed ad libitum one diet from 30 kg onwards.
      At a body weight of 45 and 93 kg the blood concentrations of insulin, glucose,
      urea, free fatty acids, neutral lipids and cholesterol in response to feeding and
      of insulin and glucose in response to an oral glucose load was determined in pigs
      provided with a permanent jugular vein catheter. Moreover, the in-vitro fat
      synthesis from glucose was measured. At the end of the experiment the body
      composition was determined by chemical analysis of the carcass. Neither feed
      intake, daily body weight gain nor feed conversion differed significantly among
      the groups. Blood urea levels of the three groups did not suggest a different
      protein utilization. Neither feed consumption nor oral intake of glucose affected
      the insulin and glucose response of the three groups differently. The
      concentrations of free fatty acids, neutral lipids and cholesterol did not differ
      clearly among the groups although occasionally significance of difference was
      observed. In group I the in-vitro synthesis of fat was increased (p less than
      0.05) at a body weight of 45 kg and appeared to be higher at a body weight of 93
      kg as compared to the high fat group (group III). No clear differences between
      the groups were observed in the chemical composition of the carcasses. It is
      concluded, that isocaloric replacement of carbohydrates by fat in the diet of
      piglets does not affect protein and fat retention in the subsequent fattening
      period.

PMID- 6367709
TI  - Application of a solid-phase immunofluorometric assay to the selection of
      monoclonal antibody specific for the adenovirus group-reactive hexon antigen.
AB  - An immunofluorometric assay (IFMA) has been evaluated as a screening assay to
      detect monoclonal antibodies to the group-specific antigen of the adenovirus
      hexon component. The antibodies were produced as mouse ascitic fluids from
      hybridoma cells generated from Balb/C mice immunized with purified adenovirus
      type 2 hexon component and crude adenovirus type 3 culture supernatants. The
      purified IgG fractions from all monoclonal ascitic fluids tested were identified
      as the IgG1 K mouse isotype. Antibody titers ranged from 102,400 to 204,800 by
      the IFMA, from 200 to 12,800 by indirect FA, and were generally nonreactive in
      counterelectrophoresis, complement fixation, hemagglutination-inhibition, serum
      neutralization, and immune electron microscopy titrations. The IFMA is a reliable
      method for quantitating low levels of specific antibody in large numbers of test
      samples, and is therefore ideal as a screening assay for monoclonal antibody in
      tissue culture fluids and in mouse ascitic fluids.

PMID- 6367711
TI  - Exercise training in chronic obstructive lung disease.

PMID- 6367710
TI  - Detection of bovine coronavirus in feces by reversed passive hemagglutination.
AB  - A reversed passive hemagglutination (RPHA) method was developed for the detection
      of bovine coronavirus in fecal specimens. Sheep erythrocytes fixed with
      glutaraldehyde, and then treated with tannic acid were coated with anti-bovine
      coronavirus rabbit antibodies purified by affinity chromatography using bovine
      coronavirus linked to Sepharose 4B. The RPHA test was carried out by a microtiter
      method. Erythrocytes coated with purified specific antibodies were agglutinated
      by bovine coronavirus, but not by bovine rotavirus or enterovirus. The reaction
      was inhibited by antiserum to bovine coronavirus, confirming the specificity of
      the reaction. The RPHA test detected bovine coronavirus in 13 of 22 fecal
      specimens (59 per cent), from natural cases of diarrhea, while the positive rates
      were only 14 per cent (3/22) and 22 per cent (5/22) for immunofluorescent
      staining of primary cultures of calf kidney cells infected with the specimens,
      and immune electron microscopy respectively. The advantages of the RPHA method
      are its simplicity, high sensitivity and rapidity.

PMID- 6367712
TI  - From clay tablets to electronic publications: the history of medical books.

PMID- 6367713
TI  - Myths and facts in end-stage renal disease treatment.

PMID- 6367714
TI  - [Inflammation, immunity, hypersensitivity].
AB  - The conjugation between inflammation and hypersensitivity is analysed. In human
      pathology, these processes have been shown to be closely associated and to be in
      the cause-and-effect relationship, immunity being the connecting link between
      them: immune responses generated in inflammation for elimination of the injurious
      agent and reparation may, upon distortion of the inflammation kinetics, become
      responses of "sick immunity" or hypersensitivity responses leading to damage and
      immune inflammation. The problem of conjugation of inflammation and
      hypersensitivity with immunity covers a wide range of aspects of morphology,
      molecular biology, immunology, and genetics. The understanding of this
      conjugation will give an insight into immunopathology represented in all branches
      of the modern clinical science.

PMID- 6367715
TI  - [Central problems in the general pathology and pathologic anatomy of shock].
AB  - From the results of detailed clinico-anatomical studies of traumatic, exotoxic,
      burn, cardiogenic, bacterial, hemorrhagic, and other kinds of shock (1500
      observations) and the data of the literature, the paper analyses some disputable
      aspects of shock: the role of neurogenic factors and vasomotor disorders in its
      pathogenesis, shock and collapse relationship, possibilities of shock diagnosis
      at autopsy, the concept of shock organ and shock cell. The importance in the
      pathoanatomic diagnosis of shock of hemodynamic disorders (sequestration of blood
      in the microcirculatory bed, shunting of the bloodstream in vital organs) and of
      hemocoagulation (liquid state of cadaver blood, DIBC) as well as of rapid
      mobilization of glycogen from tissue depots (liver) and circulatory-hypoxic
      injuries to the internal organs. The specific features of the individual kinds of
      shock are determined by different combinations of the above signs or predominant
      involvement of some internal organ. The lack of a single complete definition of
      the shock organ concept is indicated. The importance in the pathogenesis of shock
      of hemodynamic disorders, complications of the main disease, and pathology of
      therapy (the third factor) is emphasized.

PMID- 6367716
TI  - [Methodologic aspects of detecting microadenomas of the pituitary in autopsy
      material].
AB  - Macro- and microscopic examinations of 64 randomly selected hypophyses were
      carried out to evaluate the dependence of the frequency of findings of hypophysis
      microadenomas in the section material upon the method of morphological
      examination and to solve the problems of differential diagnosis of microadenomas
      and other focal accumulations of adenocytes. Of the 7 microadenomas found 6 were
      detected only by microscopy. The frequency of finding of microadenomas was
      determined by the number of sections (blocks) examined from each hypophysis: 2 +/
      2% with 1-2 blocks per hypophysis, and 38 +/- 12% with 3-4 blocks. In addition
      to the previously described diagnostic criteria for microadenomas, two cytologic
      signs are described: cytoplasmic degranulation and a high nucleus-cytoplasm ratio
      in tumor cells.

PMID- 6367717
TI  - [So-called endometrial carcinoma of the male prostatic utricle].
AB  - From a review of the literature the author concludes that the histogenesis of the
      so-called endometrial carcinoma of the male prostatic utricle first described by
      Melicow and Pachter in 1967 is not completely clear yet. It may be assumed that
      tumors of a similar histological structure may be of different histogenesis,
      utricular and ductal, and that there are fine structural, histochemical, and
      histoenzymological differences between them which have not yet been studied
      sufficiently. It is suggested that the use of the immunoperoxidase method may be
      promising in such studies.

PMID- 6367718
TI  - [25th anniversary of the Pathomorphology Laboratory of the Lithuanian Institute
      of Experimental and Clinical Medicine].

PMID- 6367719
TI  - U.S. clinical studies of the treatment of anemia with fluosol-DA 20%.
AB  - This article describes the progress of clinical studies of the perfluorochemical
      (PFC) emulsion Fluosol-DA 20% in the United States. To date, two studies have
      been completed and one is in progress. All three studies have been restricted to
      the treatment of acute anemia in patients who refused blood transfusions on
      religious grounds, i.e., Jehovah's Witnesses. The first protocol, referred to as
      the "Humanitarian Protocol" (no. 79006), was initiated in November 1979.
      Jehovah's Witness patients who were considered to have a lethal degree of anemia
      were treated with Fluosol to supplement oxygen transport. Collection of specific
      data was not mandated in this protocol. Six patients were treated under this
      protocol until it was replaced by the "Medical Use Protocol" (no. 79007). In this
      second study, hemodynamic and oxygen transport data were collected while patients
      breathed room air and 100% inspired oxygen before and after a Fluosol infusion.
      Seven patients were treated under this protocol and it was concluded that the PFC
      was transporting the expected amount of oxygen based on its known oxygen
      solubility. This increased oxygen transport by the PFC resulted in increased
      oxygen consumption and arterial and mixed venous blood oxygenation. Two of the
      seven patients had adverse reactions to a 0.5-ml test dose of Fluosol, manifested
      by an increase in pulmonary artery systolic pressure. The third and current
      anemia protocol as of this writing is a randomized controlled study with data
      collection similar to the Medical Use Protocol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6367721
TI  - Jules Dejerine and the third alexia.
AB  - Modern concepts of pure alexia and alexia with agraphia are derived from
      Dejerine's eloquent clinicopathologic studies of the late 19th century. More
      recently, a third variety of alexia has been described in association with left
      frontal lesions causing Broca's aphasia. Dejerine also recognized this "third
      alexia." For Dejerine, alexia with Broca's aphasia was indispensible to his view
      of a left-hemisphere language zone in which cortical lesions disrupt all language
      modalities (speech, reading, and writing). Viewed in light of modern
      neurolinguistic advances, Dejerine's descriptions of the third alexia are
      surprisingly prescient.

PMID- 6367720
TI  - Feasibility of extracorporeal on-line large-scale plasma adsorptions on protein A
      sepharose columns in cancer patients.
AB  - The feasibility of extracorporeal adsorption of 1.5-3 L plasma on protein A
      Sepharose was investigated in six patients with advanced cancer. Anticoagulation
      with heparin was associated with respiratory distress syndrome in two patients,
      most likely caused by complement activation as indicated by a transient
      leukopenia during plasma reinfusion and appearance of C3 degradation products in
      the extracorporeal circulation. Addition of citrate abolished the respiratory
      symptoms, C3 degradation, and leukopenia, and no adverse reactions were observed.
      No objective tumor regression was observed in any of the patients. Three patients
      progressed during therapy. In one of these, multifocal central tumor necrosis was
      observed as a possible, although unproven, therapeutic effect. Increased natural
      killer and/or killer cell activities were recorded in three patients and
      increased complement-dependent serum cytotoxicity in one patient. The level of
      circulating immune complexes decreased significantly (18-28%) in three patients
      studied. It is concluded that extracorporeal plasma adsorption on protein A
      Sepharose is feasible when citrate is added to the extracorporeal system, but its
      therapeutic efficacy is uncertain.

PMID- 6367722
TI  - Henry Hecaen, MD neurologist-neuropsychologist 1912-1983.

PMID- 6367723
TI  - Betaxolol and timolol. A comparison of efficacy and side effects.
AB  - Betaxolol hydrochloride, 0.5%, and timolol maleate, 0.5%, were compared in a 26
      week randomized, double-masked study involving 46 patients with primary open
      angle glaucoma. The two drugs were comparable with regard to both intraocular
      pressure-lowering efficacy and side effects. Since betaxolol is a selective beta
      1-adrenergic antagonist, it may be advantageous for patients in whom beta 2
      blockade could be harmful.

PMID- 6367724
TI  - The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy. II. Prevalence and
      risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is less than 30 years.
AB  - In a population-based study in southern Wisconsin, 996 insulin-taking, younger
      onset diabetic persons were examined using standard protocols to determine the
      prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy and associated risk variables.
      The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy varied from 17% to 97.5% in persons with
      diabetes for less than five years and 15 or more years, respectively.
      Proliferative retinopathy varied from 1.2% to 67% in persons with diabetes for
      less than ten years and 35 or more years, respectively. For persons with diabetes
      of 10 years' duration or less, the Cox regression model relates the severity or
      retinopathy to longer duration, older age at examination, and higher levels of
      glycosylated hemoglobin. After ten years of diabetes, severity of retinopathy was
      related to longer duration, high levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, presence of
      proteinuria, higher diastolic BP, and male sex.

PMID- 6367725
TI  - The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy. III. Prevalence and
      risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is 30 or more years.
AB  - In a population-based study in southern Wisconsin, 1,370 patients given diagnoses
      of diabetes at age 30 years or older were examined using standard protocols to
      determine the prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy and associated risk
      variables. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy varied from 28.8% in persons
      who had diabetes for less than five years to 77.8% in persons who had diabetes
      for 15 or more years. The rate of proliferative diabetic retinopathy varied from
      2.0% in persons who had diabetes for less than five years to 15.5% in persons who
      had diabetes for 15 or more years. By using the Cox regression model, the
      severity of retinopathy was found to be related to longer duration of diabetes,
      younger age at diagnosis, higher glycosylated hemoglobin levels, higher systolic
      BP, use of insulin, presence of proteinuria, and small body mass.

PMID- 6367726
TI  - Retinal microincarceration with penetrating diathermy in the management of giant
      retinal tears.
AB  - A technique for repair of giant retinal breaks with detachment involves the
      performance of lensectomy-sector iridectomy, vitrectomy, and scleral buckling
      behind the equator. Total fluid-gas exchange is performed while the patient is
      turned to the prone position on a rotating table. Penetrating diathermy is used
      to fix the retina and to create retinal microincarceration while air is
      simultaneously injected into the eye.

PMID- 6367727
TI  - Cochlear pathology. Hazards of long-term implants.
AB  - There is increasingly diverse evidence that multichannel intrascalar or modiolar
      implants can cause long-term changes in cochlear structure. Experimental studies
      show that nerve-cell loss and osteogenesis are related to electrical stimulation.
      Low charge densities may limit such intracochlear changes. Middle-ear stimulation
      presents an alternative to the intracochlear implant, although its degree of
      effectiveness is not well characterized. Monitoring electrically produced
      auditory brain-stem responses may help detect progressive pathologic changes
      occurring in the implanted cochlea.

PMID- 6367728
TI  - Elimination of oral food challenge reaction by injection of food extracts. A
      double-blind evaluation.
AB  - Twenty subjects underwent a double-blind evaluation by analyzing six variables to
      determine if subcutaneous injection of the food extract neutralizing dose would
      protect subjects from reactions. Twelve subjects had four of the six variables
      neutralized 60% of the time following the food antigen neutralizing dose. The
      placebo trials neutralized four of six variables 15% of the time. The
      sign/symptom results show statistical significance favoring food extract
      neutralization over placebo. The remaining eight subjects had at least two of the
      six variables neutralized by the food extract up to 85% of the time. It appears
      that the phenomenon of subcutaneous food neutralization can be scientifically
      endorsed for clinical use in the treatment of food reactions.

PMID- 6367729
TI  - In vitro reendothelialization. Microfilament bundle reorganization in migrating
      porcine endothelial cells.
AB  - An experimentally induced wound made in a confluent monolayer culture of porcine
      thoracic aortic endothelial cells (ECs) was studied 22 hours after wounding using
      7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD) phallacidin and immunofluorescence microscopy
      to localize actin and myosin containing microfilament (MF) bundles. ECs extending
      from the wound edge back toward the confluent monolayer showed a specific change
      in cell shape and in MF bundle distribution and orientation, which correlated
      with the cell migration behavior observed using time-lapse cinemicrophotography.
      The migrating ECs in the first zone, the leading zone, were polygonal to
      partially elongated in shape, and contained distinct central MF bundles oriented
      both parallel and perpendicular to the wound edge. The second zone, the elongated
      zone, was characterized by elongated cells with central MF bundles oriented
      parallel to the direction of migration. A third zone, the transitional zone,
      showed nonmigrating polygonal ECs containing prominent central and dense
      peripheral bands (DPB) of MF bundles. The central MF bundles were oriented
      randomly with respect to the wound edge. The MF bundles of the confluent resting
      monolayer were both centrally and peripherally located with the latter being more
      prominent. The results indicate that the reorientation of central MF bundles and
      reduction in the peripheral MF bundles are probably important in the
      reorganization of the cytoskeletal system during the conversion of stationary
      cells to migrating cells.

PMID- 6367731
TI  - Microbial enzymes and lignocellulose utilization.

PMID- 6367732
TI  - Capabilities of microorganisms (and microbiologists).

PMID- 6367730
TI  - Bacterial transformations of and resistances to heavy metals.
AB  - Bacteria carry out chemical transformations of heavy metals. These
      transformations (including oxidation, reduction, methylation, and demethylation)
      are sometimes byproducts of normal metabolism and confer no known advantage upon
      the organism responsible. Sometimes, however, the transformations constitute a
      mechanism of resistance. Many species of bacteria have genes that control
      resistances to specific toxic heavy metals. These resistances often are
      determined by extrachromosomal DNA molecules (plasmids). The same mechanisms of
      resistance occur in bacteria from soil, water, industrial waste, and clinical
      sources. The mechanism of mercury and organomercurial resistance is the enzymatic
      detoxification of the mercurials into volatile species (methane, ethane, metallic
      HgO) which are rapidly lost from the environment. Cadmium and arsenate
      resistances are due to reduced net accumulation of these toxic materials.
      Efficient efflux pumps cause the rapid excretion of Cd2+ and AsO4(3-). The
      mechanisms of arsenite and of antimony resistance, usually found associated with
      arsenate resistance, are not known. Silver resistance is due to lowered affinity
      of the cells for Ag+, which can be complexed with extracellular halides, thiols,
      or organic compounds. Sensitivity is due to binding of Ag+ more effectively to
      cells than to Cl-.

PMID- 6367733
TI  - [Demonstration of Campylobacter jejuni in fecal samples of calves with and
      without enteritis].

PMID- 6367734
TI  - Genetics of octanol and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenases in the mosquito
      Aedes (Finlaya) togoi.
AB  - Genetic studies were performed on octanol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.73) and alpha
      glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.8) in the mosquito Aedes (Finlaya) togoi
      by agar gel electrophoresis. The electrophoretic survey revealed two octanol
      dehydrogenase loci (Odh-1, Odh-2) and one alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase
      locus (alpha-Gpdh) in this species. Five alleles were observed at the Odh-2 locus
      in seven laboratory strains, whereas the alpha-Gpdh locus was completely
      monomorphic in six of seven strains examined and the second allele at this locus
      was detected in only one strain at a frequency of 0.14. Both loci code for
      dimeric enzymes. Linkage studies on Odh-2 and alpha-Gpdh suggested that the gene
      arrangement and recombination units were Odh-2--(25.8)--M (sex locus)--(30.5)--s
      (strawcolored larva) and M--(25.6)--alpha-Gpdh--(15.4)--s. These results,
      together with linkage data previously reported, give the following gene linkage
      on the sex chromosome: Odh-2--Est-3 (carboxylesterase)--Acph (acid phosphatase)-
      M--alpha-Gpdh--s--Est-2 (carboxylesterase). The total map length of this
      arrangement is approximately 75 map units.

PMID- 6367736
TI  - 1983 index issue. Cumulative indexes for Volumes 110-117.

PMID- 6367735
TI  - Effect of prostaglandins on chloropromazine induced catalepsy in mice.
AB  - The effect of prostaglandins (PGs) F1 alpha, F2 alpha, E2, D2, A1, B1 and I2
      administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) in mice in a dose of 1 microgram
      on catalepsy induced by chloropromazine (2.5 mg/kg i.p.) was examined. It was
      demonstrated that only PGF2 alpha reduced significantly the chloropromazine
      induced catalepsy, while PGI2 intensified it. The other examined PGs were without
      any effect on chlorpromazine catalepsy. The results show the modifying role of
      some PGs on chloropromazine effects on central dopaminergic receptors in mice.

PMID- 6367737
TI  - Insulin modulates thyrotropin-induced follicle reconstruction and iodine
      metabolism in hog thyroid cells cultured in a chemically defined medium.
AB  - Effects of insulin on cultured hog thyroid cells were examined in a chemically
      defined medium supplemented with thyrotropin. Thyrotropin-induced follicle
      reconstruction and recovery of functional activities were stimulated by the
      addition of insulin to the culture medium. The iodide uptake and organification
      at the maximum stimulation exceeded 3 times those of the control values. The
      minimum effective dose of insulin was 60 microU/ml. The insulin stimulation
      occurred after a latency period of 24 h. Since no growth promoting effect of
      insulin was observed during the cultivation period in the present study, insulin
      appears to act in concert with thyrotropin in regenerating the characteristic
      properties of the differentiated cells during cultivation.

PMID- 6367738
TI  - Effect of insulin on alpha1-adrenergic actions in hepatocytes from euthyroid and
      hypothyroid rats. Possible involvement of two pathways in alpha1-adrenergic
      actions.
AB  - The effect of insulin on the alpha1-adrenergic stimulation of glycogenolysis and
      ureogenesis, which is very small or undetectable in hepatocytes from control
      animals, is marked in hepatocytes from hypothyroid rats; the metabolic actions
      due to alpha1-adrenergic activation, but not those due to glucagon, were nearly
      blocked by insulin in cells from hypothyroid rats. The alpha1-adrenergic-mediated
      stimulation of phosphatidylinositol labelling was not affected by insulin in
      cells from either control or hypothyroid rats. The data suggest that the alpha1
      adrenergic action proceeds through two pathways, one of which is very sensitive
      to insulin and predominates in cells from hypothyroid rats.

PMID- 6367739
TI  - Immunohistochemical detection of the sex steroid-binding plasma protein in human
      mammary carcinoma cells.
AB  - A sex steroid-binding plasma protein-like antigen has been detected in human
      mammary carcinoma cells. A monospecific antiserum was used, and this protein was
      located mainly on the cytoplasmic membranes. These results are in agreement with
      a recent hypothesis according to which steroid hormones could be carried into
      cells by specific binding plasma proteins.

PMID- 6367740
TI  - Role of actin binding protein phosphorylation in platelet cytoskeleton assembly.
AB  - Actin binding protein from human blood platelets is shown to exist in the resting
      platelet as a phosphorylated protein and contains two residues of phosphate per
      260,000 kd. Removal of one-half of these residues with E. coli alkaline
      phosphatase results in the loss of its ability to crosslink F-actin into a low
      speed sedimentable complex (its cytoskeleton) and to bind to an F-actin affinity
      column. Thus, phosphorylation-dephosphorylation of ABP may be an important
      regulatory mechanism by which the platelet regulates its shape via its
      cytoskeletal structure.

PMID- 6367741
TI  - A cell division-active protein from E. coli.
AB  - A purification procedure for a protein obtained from an pathogenic strain of E.
      coli is described. The protein-called CNF-is active in inhibiting the duplication
      of cultured mammalian cells. Since nuclei division is apparently normal,
      treatment of cultured cells with CNF leads to the formation of gigantic,
      polynucleated cells. The purified protein is chromatographically and
      electrophoretically homogeneous. A partial characterization of CNF protein is
      also given.

PMID- 6367742
TI  - Reductive activation of methanol: 5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide
      methyltransferase of Methanosarcina barkeri.
AB  - Methanol: 5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide methyltransferase (MT1) from
      Methanosarcina barkeri, which is one of the enzymes responsible for the
      transmethylation from methanol to coenzyme M, was found to be activated in the
      presence of hydrogenase and ferredoxin. This activation was shown to involve a
      reduction of the bound corrinoid to the Co (I) level, and was demonstrated by
      spectrophotometry and chemical conversion of reduced MT1 to its methylated form.
      The reducing system of hydrogenase and ferredoxin was able to reduce dithiols,
      like dithiodiethanesulfonate and cystine to their monomers, in the presence of a
      corrinoid, which acts as an electron carrier. The ferredoxin was purified 133
      fold and was tentatively identified on the basis of spectral properties and iron
      content of 3.8-4.0 atoms iron per molecule ferredoxin (12,000 daltons).

PMID- 6367743
TI  - Prostaglandin E2 and I2 production in isolated dog renal arteries in the absence
      or presence of vascular endothelial cells.
AB  - The spontaneous prostaglandin I2 production was significantly reduced by the
      removal of endothelial cells from the isolated dog renal arteries compared with
      relative slight reduction of prostaglandin E2 production. The stimulation of
      prostaglandin I2 production induced with angiotensin II was also markedly reduced
      under the absence of endothelial cells, while its potentiation of prostaglandin
      E2 production was not inhibited. The results suggest that the vascular
      endothelial cells are the major sources of prostaglandin I2 in the dog renal
      arteries, while prostaglandin E2 is mainly produced in other cell types, perhaps
      vascular smooth muscle cells.

PMID- 6367744
TI  - Cloning a cDNA for the lysosomal alpha-glucosidase.
AB  - Messenger RNA was isolated from monkey testes and size-fractionated on sucrose
      gradients. In vitro translation of these mRNA fractions resulted in nascent,
      labeled alpha-glucosidase that could be precipitated with anti human alpha
      glucosidase antiserum. A cDNA library was constructed from the most enriched
      fraction. The library was screened with cDNA made from mRNA obtained from
      immunoselected polysomes. Five cross-hybridizing clones were isolated and
      identified by their selection of alpha-glucosidase mRNA, as shown by hybrid
      released translation and further by their ability to hybridize with DNA from
      human chromosome 17, on which the gene coding for acid alpha-glucosidase is
      located.

PMID- 6367745
TI  - Receptor binding and biological activity of [SerB24]-insulin, an abnormal mutant
      insulin.
AB  - [SerB24]-insulin, the second structurally abnormal mutant insulin, and [SerB25]
      insulin were semisynthesized and were studied for receptor binding and biological
      activity. Receptor binding and biological activity determined by its ability to
      increase 2-deoxy-glucose uptake in rat adipocytes were 0.7-3% of native insulin
      for [SerB24]-insulin and 3-8% for [SerB25]-insulin. Negative cooperative effect
      of these analogues was also markedly decreased. Immunoreactivity of [SerB24]
      insulin was decreased whereas that of [SerB25]-insulin was normal. Markedly
      decreased receptor binding of [SerB24]-insulin appeared to be due to substitution
      of hydrophobic amino acid, Phe, with a polar amino acid, Ser, at B24.

PMID- 6367746
TI  - Cumulative subject index issue. Index for volumes 74-103, 1977-1981.

PMID- 6367747
TI  - Cocaine-mediated hepatotoxicity. A critical review.

PMID- 6367748
TI  - Inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase from bacterial and vertebrate sources by
      folate, aminopterin, methotrexate and their 5-deaza analogues.
AB  - The inhibition of dihydrofolate reductases from Escherichia coli and chicken
      liver by folate, methotrexate, aminopterin and their 5-deaza analogues was
      investigated to examine the importance of the N-5 nitrogen in slow-binding
      inhibition. Methotrexate, aminopterin and their 5-deaza analogues acted as slow,
      tight-binding inhibitors of both enzymes. Inhibition by methotrexate and 5
      deazamethotrexate conformed to a mechanism in which there is an initial rapid
      formation of an enzyme-NADPH-inhibitor complex followed by a slow isomerization
      of this complex (Mechanism B). Aminopterin exhibited the same type of inhibition
      with the enzyme from E. coli. With the chicken-liver enzyme, however, the
      inhibition by aminopterin conformed to another type of slow-binding mechanism
      which involves only the slow interaction of the inhibitor with the enzyme to form
      an enzyme-NADPH-inhibitor complex (Mechanism A). The inhibition of both enzymes
      by 5-deazaaminopterin was also described by Mechanism A. Folate behaved as a
      classical, steady-state inhibitor of both enzymes, whereas 5-deazafolate
      exhibited slow-binding inhibition (Mechanism B) with the enzyme from E. coli and
      classical, steady-state inhibition with the enzyme from chicken liver. The
      substitution of a carbon for a nitrogen at the 5-position of methotrexate and
      aminopterin did not affect the tightness of binding of these compounds. By
      contrast, 5-deazafolate was bound about 4000 times more tightly than folate to
      the enzyme from E. coli and about 30 times more tightly than folate to the
      chicken-liver enzyme. Reasons for the differences in the binding of folate and 5
      deazafolate are discussed.

PMID- 6367749
TI  - Evaluation of comprehensive rehabilitation services for elderly homebound
      patients with arthritis and orthopedic disability.
AB  - Fifty-seven elderly homebound patients with arthritis and orthopedic disabilities
      were randomized to a goal-oriented outreach rehabilitation program or to usual
      treatment. Although 64% of patient goals were met, there were no overall
      significant differences in functional scores, institutionalization, or
      contentment between treatment and control periods. Twenty-three patients had
      maintained clinical improvement at the end of the study and some patients were
      dramatically improved with simple measures. The program's marginal costs were
      modest and consisted primarily of expenses associated with therapist's visits.
      The total costs of assistive devices and home modifications amounted to $1,902.
      Twenty-five percent of the homebound population could benefit from such services
      but the actual number who would partake is small.

PMID- 6367750
TI  - Controlled trial of hydroxychloroquine and D-penicillamine singly and in
      combination in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - A 2-year, controlled, double-blind trial of D-penicillamine and
      hydroxychloroquine either alone or in combination was conducted on patients with
      progressive rheumatoid arthritis. The group given D-penicillamine alone improved
      most, but a linear fall-off in efficacy occurred. Surprisingly, the group
      receiving combination drug therapy did not fare as well as the group receiving D
      penicillamine therapy. A subset of patients receiving hydroxychloroquine therapy
      had prolonged benefit. Toxicity, though not uncommon, was generally not severe.

PMID- 6367751
TI  - The effects of a partially purified fraction of an ant venom in rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - A partially purified extract of an ant venom from the South American tree ant
      Pseudomyrmex sp. was tested in a double-blind, controlled study of patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis. Venom treated patients demonstrated an improvement in
      global efficacy and a decrease in the number of tender/painful joints and swollen
      joints. Swollen joint index improved in 60% of venom treated patients. Other
      parameters did not demonstrate significant change. Reduction of joint swelling
      was followed by symptomatic improvement that was sometimes delayed by weeks.
      Reactions were limited to erythema at the injection site (all patients), local
      pruritus (two-thirds of the patients), and fever with malaise (one-third of the
      patients). Further study of this venom in rheumatoid arthritis appears warranted
      in view of its apparent favorable efficacy-to-toxicity ratio.

PMID- 6367752
TI  - Neutral proteases capable of proteoglycan digesting activity in osteoarthritic
      and normal human articular cartilage.
AB  - Proteases have been postulated to account for the progressive disappearance of
      matrix proteoglycans in osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage. The digestion of
      endogenous proteoglycans by neutral proteases in human OA cartilage homogenates
      has been measured and compared with that of normal age-matched controls.
      Cartilage was obtained from 16 patients at the time of knee arthroplasty and from
      7 accident victims. Tissue blocks were cut from the tibial plateau; part was used
      for histologic grading of the severity of OA and part was homogenized for the
      quantification of neutral metallo- and serine protease activities, based on the
      release of digested products from endogenous proteoglycans. Total metalloprotease
      activity (latent plus active forms) was elevated 3- to 10-fold in all diseased
      cartilage. This elevation was already significant in mild disease, but was
      greatest in samples of moderate to severe disease. The active form of the enzyme
      was highest at the center of erosions and decreased in the margins of the
      plateau. The digestion of proteoglycans, as distinct from their mere release from
      the tissue, was demonstrated by chromatography on Sepharose-CL2B and by large
      pore electrophoresis. Serine protease activity on proteoglycans was much lower
      than that of metalloprotease. The mean activity was highest in mild disease and
      declined in the severe disease samples, but the difference between these 2 groups
      and the controls was not statistically significant. The results of this study are
      consistent with the hypothesis that the neutral metalloproteases of cartilage are
      involved in the degradation of proteoglycans in osteoarthritis.

PMID- 6367753
TI  - Knee pain exacerbated by recumbency: an unusual manifestation of spinal cord
      involvement by diffuse histiocytic lymphoma.

PMID- 6367754
TI  - Prevention of gastric mucosal lesions in rats by tri-potassium di-citrato
      bismuthate.
AB  - Tri-potassium di-citrato bismuthate given intragastrically to rats 60 min before
      administration of necrotizing agents such as 85% ethanol, 0.2 N sodium hydroxide
      or acidified indomethacin, reduced the formation of mucosal lesions dose
      dependently. Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2)-like material, determined by bioassay, was
      higher in the gastric mucosa of animals treated with bismuth subcitrate complex
      than in control animals.

PMID- 6367755
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in normal and impaired renal function.
AB  - The concentration of ceftazidime in serum and urine was measured after 2 g i.v.
      in 10 healthy volunteers and 19 patients with various degrees of renal
      insufficiency. Elimination observed in normal volunteers can best be described by
      a two-compartment model. In renal insufficiency elimination of ceftazidime is
      markedly diminished, resulting in a larger area under the serum level curve (area
      under the curve; AUC). AUC and glomerular filtration rate (as well as AUC and
      plasma creatinine) can be brought into a mathematical relation. From these
      relations a dose reduction factor (DRF) can be derived. By means of this factor a
      dose can be calculated for each degree of renal impairment which causes the same
      AUC that would be anticipated in a subject with normal renal function. Dose
      recommendations in tabular form are presented. The urinary recovery decreases
      with impaired renal function; nevertheless therapeutical urine levels are
      observed down to dialysed patients.

PMID- 6367756
TI  - David E. Yoder. ASHA interviews 1984 ASHA president.

PMID- 6367757
TI  - Games people play in clinical supervision.

PMID- 6367758
TI  - A comparison of clinical plans and reports.

PMID- 6367759
TI  - Profile of educational programs in speech-language pathology and audiology.

PMID- 6367760
TI  - Speech & language in fetal alcohol syndrome.

PMID- 6367761
TI  - [Reactive lymph-node hyperplasia and pseudolymphomas with hypergammaglobulinemia.
      II. Pseudolymphoma and prelymphoma].
AB  - In this second part, the dysimmunitary conditions which associate a polyclonal
      hypergammapathy and adenopathy are studied. The latter simulate a malignant
      lymphoma both clinically and histologically, hence the term sometimes used:
      "pseudo-lymphoma". Above all, these dysimmunitary states should be considered as
      real pretumoral states, and a malignant lymphoma or Kaposi sarcoma can arise at
      any time during the evolution of the illness. Finally, all these illnesses, even
      apart from the appearance of malignant tumors, have a severe evolution and death
      can occur due to consequences of immune disorders and particularly to infection.
      The different histopathological and evolutive aspects of the following are
      successively studied: angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy; the association of
      adenopathy with Kaposi's sarcoma; the syndrome of epidemic immune deficiency of T
      cells (acquired immune deficiency syndrome; frequent in homosexuals; the Gougerot
      Sjogren syndrome; adenopathy due to medicaments; and the lymphomatoid
      granulomatosis of Liebow. The similarity of the histopathological lymph node
      lesions observed in these different dysimmunitary states suggests an identical
      physiopathology. Also, the existence of frequent associations between these
      different diseases suggests a common triggering mechanism. The role of virus on a
      favourable hereditary ground is discussed.

PMID- 6367762
TI  - [Primary choriocarcinoma of the stomach. Immunohistochemistry study of a case and
      review of the literature].
AB  - A rare tumor, primary choriocarcinoma of the stomach occurred in a 68 year-old
      man. Histologic examination of the tumor revealed two components, choriocarcinoma
      and adenocarcinoma. The liver metastasis displayed only choriocarcinoma, the
      lymph nodes metastasis only adenocarcinoma. The diagnosis was confirmed by
      demonstration of beta HcG in serum and urines by radioimmunoassay and within
      syncytiotrophoblast cells by immunoperoxidase staining. A review of the
      literature is done. The pathogenesis is discussed with hypothesis that this tumor
      represents a form of retro-differentiation of a preexisting carcinoma. However,
      this diagnosis will only be certain when a metastasis of a non gestational, non
      gonadal choriocarcinoma will be eliminated.

PMID- 6367763
TI  - [Renin-secreting renal tumor. Apropos of a case with an ultrastructural and
      immunohistochemical study].
AB  - A case of renin-secreting tumor of the left kidney in a 36 year-old man with
      hypertension of five years duration is reported. The antihypertensive therapy was
      unsuccessful. Following nephrectomy, blood pressure returned to normal values and
      is still normal, seven years later. There is no evidence of metastasis. The tumor
      was studied by electron microscopy and by immunohistochemistry. It is composed of
      two cellular structures normally encountered in the kidney: renin-secreting cells
      and cells similar to those of the cortical collecting ducts. This benign lesion
      might be hamartomatous.

PMID- 6367764
TI  - [Malignant systemic angioendotheliomatosis. Apropos of a case with an
      ultrastructural and histo-immunologic study].
AB  - Clinico-pathological data in a typical case are compared with those of 54
      published reports of systemic angioendotheliomatosis. In this rare disease the
      lesions, characterized by clusters of abnormal cells in the small vessels,
      usually have multivisceral localizations, with chiefly cutaneous and encephalic
      manifestations and a rapidly fatal course. However cases are known with lesions
      restricted to the skin and a protracted if not regressive course; about half of
      these cases are associated with an endocarditis. In the case reported, the
      results of ultrastructural and histo-immunological studies (f. VIII, lysozyme,
      anti-protease, Ig) are in favour of the endothelial origin of the abnormal cells,
      a now widely accepted hypothesis.

PMID- 6367765
TI  - Revelations: a summary and analysis of the NIH Consensus Development Conference
      on Ultrasound Imaging in Pregnancy.

PMID- 6367766
TI  - [Otology at the Children's Hospital of Mexico; evolution and teaching].

PMID- 6367767
TI  - [Escherichia coli: history of a hypothesis].

PMID- 6367768
TI  - [Evaluation of the rehabilitation of a group of socially isolated uremic
      children].

PMID- 6367769
TI  - [Physician-patient relations in a service for socially isolated uremic children.
      Analysis by the Balint type of group technic].

PMID- 6367770
TI  - [Phototherapy: current concepts].

PMID- 6367771
TI  - Antipolysaccharide group-specific antibodies of Streptococcus pyogenes in
      children.
AB  - Evaluation of a new microtest for the detection of Streptococcus pyogenes group A
      antipolysaccharide antibodies in 996 control children and 562 streptococcal
      infections from 0 to 12 years. The case-list was divided in 4 groups, years 0-2.
      2-4. 4-8. 8-12 for the evaluation of the age-related normality range. Under 2
      years normal values between 60 and 120 U, from 2 to 12 years normal values under
      240 U. In streptococcal infections identical patterns for the pathological values
      in the 4 age-ranges considered, with positivity percentage from 85% to 95%, thus
      confirming the same antibody response also in breast-fed children, unlike what
      occurs for ASO under 2 years, when the response is present only in 25% of the
      cases and in the 2-4 years age-range in 33.3%. Evident diagnostic superiority of
      MSK as compared with ASO in adenitis, pyodermic infections, bronchopneumopathies,
      acute tonsillitis at the onset of symptomatology. In rheumatic disease the
      percentage of positivity for MSK and ASO is similar, in post-streptococcal
      glomerulonephritis and in Schoenlein-Henoch syndrome the percentage of positivity
      for MSK is higher than for ASO. It is suggested the utility of insertion of MSK
      test in the routine assay for streptococcal infections diagnosis above all in
      children under 4 years and in infections with low or slow antigenic charge for 0
      streptolysin.

PMID- 6367772
TI  - Comparison of ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence in the detection of IgG and
      IgM antitoxoplasma antibodies.
AB  - We have compared ELISA and IFA for the quantitation of IgG and IgM antitoxoplasma
      antibodies on whole sera and purified IgM fractions. In all the sera examined
      from adult patients the good correspondence of the two tests is expressed by a
      correlation coefficient of 0.77 (p = 0.001). However, we have observed that both
      IgM-ELISA and IgM-IFA performed on whole serum may lead either to false positive
      results due to presence of rheumatoid factors or to false negative results due to
      the competition with high level of IgG antibodies. The use of the simplified gel
      filtration method for separation of IgM fraction allowed the detection of IgM in
      40 out of 75 adults patients by IgM IFA and in 39 by the same tests resulted
      negative if performed on whole serum. The separation of IgM fractions seems a
      necessary step for detecting IgM antibodies by IgM IFA in 12 of 14 newborns sera
      with clinical and serological evidence of congenital toxoplasmosis. The
      conventional IgM ELISA was constantly negative when performed on both whole sera
      or pure IgM IFA positive fractions of the same newborns.

PMID- 6367773
TI  - [Effect of serum from patients with kerion celsi on organ culture of chick embryo
      skin].
AB  - In the present work the Authors have studied the differentiation and the cellular
      multiplication of chick embryo skin incubated in vitro with normal human sera or
      with pathological human sera from patients affected by Kerion Celsi. In the
      following research the Authors have studied the skin structure by an optical and
      electron microscope and the thymidine 3H incorporation. The result demonstrates
      that the pathological human serum does not interfere with the multiplication and
      the differentiation of the skin in vitro, but displays a cytoaggressive action
      that induces a noticeable cytoplasmic vacuolation.

PMID- 6367774
TI  - [Pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis: relation between HLA-B 27 and Klebsiella
      aerogenes].
AB  - The Authors attested the evidence of a cross-reactivity among some Klebsiella
      antigens and HLA B 27 positive lymphocytes, suggesting the hypothesis that
      Klebsiella may be an initiating agent in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The Authors
      determined also serum antibody response against Klebsiella antigens in AS
      patients. The results obtained are discussed.

PMID- 6367775
TI  - [Activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase by addition of insulin to a mixture of cell
      membranes and mitochondria from the brain of normal and alloxan treated rats.
      (Preliminary note)].
AB  - The effect of insulin and ATP on pyruvate dehydrogenase activity has been studied
      in a mixture of plasma membranes/mitochondria from normal and diabetic rat brain.
      In both enzymatic preparations ATP inhibits almost completely pyruvate
      dehydrogenase activity; insulin on the contrary induces a conspicuous activation
      and removes the inhibiting action of ATP.

PMID- 6367776
TI  - [Clinical use of nitro derivatives].

PMID- 6367777
TI  - [Coronary myogenic activity: humoral mediators and cellular receptors].

PMID- 6367778
TI  - The anatomy of antiquity.

PMID- 6367779
TI  - [Immunohistochemical studies of hemangioblastoma with glial fibrillary acidic
      protein].
AB  - Sixteen cases of CNS hemangioblastoma were examined for glial fibrillary acidic
      protein (GFAP) using the immunoperoxidase method. In 13 cases GFAP-positive cells
      were found in the tumor. In all positive cases reactive gliosis in the form of
      trapped reactive astrocytes and their cytoplasmic processes penetrated the margin
      of the tumor. In 4 of the positive cases GFAP-positive cells were present deep in
      the tumor. Aggregates of GFAP-positive cells and fibrils were especially
      prominent in a recurrent case. Because hemangioblastomas grow without capsule
      into the cerebellar tissue, it is considered that reactive astrocytes and their
      fibrils are easily included and trapped within the tumor. In two cases GFAP
      positive plump stromal cells, which were definitely different from the reactive
      astrocytes, were seen. They were neighbored with the dense gliotic foci or on and
      around the microcyst wall. This may be interpreted as that the stromal cells have
      a capacity to incorporate the extracellular GFAP derived from the intratumoral
      gliotic foci or cysts.

PMID- 6367780
TI  - [Immunohistochemical study on brain macrophages by monoclonal antibody-
      localization in fetuses and neonates].
AB  - It has been controversial whether macrophages from blood circulation which have
      phagocytic activity exist in the normal central nervous system (CNS). Based on
      the data obtained from adult animals, the origin of phagocytes in the brain has
      variously been attributed to blood monocytes, pericytes and glial elements. On
      the other hand, in fetuses and neonates, although it is known that macrophages
      exist in the CNS, their precise period of appearance and distribution have not
      been investigated. In this paper, overall study on localization of the fetal and
      neonatal brain macrophages of mice was carried out immunohistochemically using
      monoclonal antibody against macrophage specific marker (Mac-1) and labeled avidin
      biotin technique. The antibody used in the experiment well recognized blood
      monocytes and resident macrophages in various visceral organs both of the fetuses
      and adults. Mice ranging in age from embryonic day 10 (E 10) to postnatal day 21
      (P 21) were examined chronologically. The cerebrums of E 10-E 12, E 14-E 19, P 0
      P 21 were at the stage of matrix cell, neuroblast, and glioblast formation,
      respectively. In the CNS, macrophages first recognized, were located in the
      choroid plexuses of the fourth and lateral ventricles at E 14. Their number in
      the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle increased at E 17-P 3 and gradually
      decreased thereafter. Macrophages in the cerebral parenchyme also appeared at E
      14 in the matrix cell layer and they were detected in the migrating zone at E 15,
      E 17 and in the cortical plate at E 19.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6367781
TI  - Topical metronidazole in the treatment of 'dry socket'.

PMID- 6367782
TI  - The dentist in comic postcards.

PMID- 6367783
TI  - Psychogenic facial pain. Part 2: Management and prognosis.

PMID- 6367784
TI  - Effect of metoprolol on chest pain in acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - A total of 1395 patients aged 40 to 74 years were included in a double blind
      trial with the beta 1 selective blocker metoprolol in suspected acute myocardial
      infarction. Metoprolol was given intravenously (15 mg) as soon as possible after
      admission to hospital followed by 200 mg daily for three months. A placebo was
      given in the same manner. The severity of chest pain in the acute phase was
      calculated by recording the number of injections of analgesics given and the time
      from the start of blind treatment to the time when the last analgesic was given
      (duration of pain). The patients receiving metoprolol were given a lower mean
      number of injections of analgesics during the first four days and after
      randomisation than those receiving a placebo. The estimated duration of pain was
      shorter in the metoprolol group than in the placebo group. These effects were
      related to the initial heart rate, the initial systolic blood pressure, and the
      final site of the infarct as determined electrocardiographically. Thus metoprolol
      given in the acute phase of suspected or definite myocardial infarction appears
      to reduce the severity of chest pain.

PMID- 6367785
TI  - Fifty years of thiopentone.

PMID- 6367786
TI  - The alcohol problem in America: from temperance to alcoholism.

PMID- 6367787
TI  - Drugs and social policy: the establishment of drug control in Britain 1900-30.

PMID- 6367788
TI  - Research into the history of alcohol use and control in England and Wales: the
      available sources in the Public Record Office.

PMID- 6367789
TI  - 'Curses of civilization': insanity and drunkenness in Victorian Britain.

PMID- 6367790
TI  - Alcoholism and degeneration in 19th century European medicine and psychiatry.

PMID- 6367791
TI  - 'The cry of the children': the Edwardian medical campaign against maternal
      drinking.

PMID- 6367792
TI  - Obsessed with moderation: the drink trades and the drink question (1870-1930).

PMID- 6367793
TI  - Treatment of hypertension in the elderly with a low dose combination of a beta
      adrenoceptor blocker and a thiazide diuretic: comparison with methyldopa.

PMID- 6367794
TI  - "24-hour blood pressure control" with sustained release oxprenolol 160mg plus
      cyclopenthiazide 0.25mg (Trasidrex) in general practice.

PMID- 6367795
TI  - A double-blind comparison of quarter strength clobetasol propionate in Unguentum
      Merck with betamethasone valerate in psoriasis.

PMID- 6367797
TI  - The prevention and treatment of migraine with an analgesic combination.

PMID- 6367796
TI  - Long term usage of Prestim (timolol/bendrofluazide) in the management of mild to
      moderate hypertension in general practice.

PMID- 6367798
TI  - Phyllocontin in chronic airflow obstruction.

PMID- 6367799
TI  - Histological, epidemiological and clinical aspects of centroblastic-centrocytic
      lymphomas subdivided according to the "working formulation".
AB  - A group of 424 lymphomas diagnosed as centroblastic-centrocytic lymphomas at the
      Lymph Node Registry in Kiel was subdivided into small (S), mixed (M) and large
      (L) cell groups, according to the "working formulation" proposed in a National
      Cancer Institute sponsored study. Histological epidemiological and clinical
      parameters were studied. It was found that in group S a follicular growth pattern
      was most frequent and in group L a follicular and diffuse growth, while group M
      took an intermediate position. No statistically significant differences were
      found in respect to epidemiological factors or overall survival. However, in the
      first 6 years after the diagnosis the survival in group S was better than in
      group M, but thereafter a reversal occurred. Group L appeared to have the worst
      survival throughout. Growth pattern and sclerosis were found to be of limited
      influence on survival within the cytological groups.

PMID- 6367800
TI  - The haemostatic defect in viral haemorrhagic fevers.

PMID- 6367801
TI  - Thymosin fraction 5 does not accelerate reconstitution of immunologic reactivity
      after human marrow grafting.
AB  - More than 1 year is required for immunologic function to recover following human
      marrow grafting. In an attempt to shorten the time required for immunologic
      reconstitution, 14 patients were treated with thymosin fraction 5 after
      transplantation. Two died before administration of thymosin could be completed.
      In the remaining 12 patients, immunologic studies were compared to those of
      patients who were transplanted but did not receive thymosin. While five patients
      had transient elevation of in vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis during thymosin
      treatment, results of other immunologic studies from patients treated with
      thymosin were similar to those from patients not treated. The subsequent
      development of graft-versus-host disease, major or minor infection, and leukaemic
      relapse was not different between the groups. Six patients are alive and five are
      well without problems; one has chronic graft-versus-host disease. We conclude
      that thymosin fraction 5 administered as described was not toxic. Although
      modifying some immunological parameters, thymosin did not appear to alter the
      incidence of graft-versus-host disease, infection or leukaemic relapse or to
      accelerate immunologic reconstitution.

PMID- 6367802
TI  - Inhibition of malarial invasion of red cells by chemical and immunochemical
      linking of spectrin molecules.
AB  - The invasion of resealed human red cell ghosts by Plasmodium falciparum, and
      those from monkey cells by P. knowlesi, was strongly inhibited by anti-spectrin
      antibodies introduced into their cytoplasm. Univalent F(ab)1 fragments gave no
      such effect, but a combination of these fragments and goat anti-rabbit
      immunoglobulin, to restore bifunctionality, caused perceptible inhibition of
      invasion. Disulphide cross-links introduced between spectrin molecules in intact
      red cells by the membrane-permeant oxidizing agent, diamide, again led to
      inhibition of invasion. This effect was largely reversed by reduction of the
      cross-links. Gel electrophoresis was used to confirm that cross-linking was
      essentially confined to spectrin, and that extended covalent networks were not
      formed. It follows that local formation of bridges, whether by antibodies or
      oxidation of thiol groups, functions by inhibiting a local rearrangement of the
      cytoskeleton that forms a step in the invasion process.

PMID- 6367803
TI  - Development of 'auto-anti-A1 antibodies' following alloimmunization in an A2
      recipient.

PMID- 6367804
TI  - The use and mechanism of action of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of
      immune haematologic disease.
AB  - In summary, intravenous gammaglobulin appears to be a very useful treatment of
      immune haematologic disease. Almost all patients with ITP treated with IVIg will
      have an increase in their platelet counts lasting at least 2 weeks. Some of these
      patients will derive long-term benefit from the IVIg and many can maintain their
      platelet counts by periodic single outpatient infusions. Patients with immune
      neutropenia are also likely to benefit by IVIg treatment which may be of
      particular benefit due to its not interfering with phagocyte function. RES
      blockade is a well-documented mechanism of action immediately after IVIg infusion
      and platelet antibody synthesis may decrease in some patients; IVIg does not
      appear to protect platelets from platelet antibodies.

PMID- 6367805
TI  - Immunophenotyping of leukaemia: an immunoperoxidase method using air-dried
      smears.
AB  - An immunoperoxidase (IP) method utilizing monoclonal antibodies to demonstrate
      the presence of the common acute lymphocytic leukaemia antigen (CALLA) on
      leukaemic cells using air-dried blood and bone marrow smears is described. Two
      readily available CALLA-specific monoclonal antibodies, BA-3 and J5, and an
      avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase methodology were utilized. Nineteen cases of acute
      leukaemia or blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukaemia were studied.
      Immunofluorescent studies correlated closely with the results of the
      immunoperoxidase technique.

PMID- 6367806
TI  - Late onset pyridoxine-responsive sideroblastic anaemia after allogeneic bone
      marrow transplantation.
AB  - We report the late development of transfusion-dependent sideroblastic anaemia in
      two patients who received a bone marrow transplant for chronic granulocytic
      leukaemia in blast crisis and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia respectively.
      Treatment with pyridoxine has either stopped or reduced these transfusion
      requirements. Red cell transfusion dependence later after marrow transplantation
      is rare and sideroblastic anaemia must be excluded.

PMID- 6367807
TI  - Myelosuppression complicating cotrimoxazole prophylaxis after bone marrow
      transplantation.

PMID- 6367808
TI  - Prospective platelet crossmatching for selection of compatible random donors.
AB  - An indirect platelet radioactive antiglobulin test was used in a prospective
      crossmatch study in 29 patients for selecting compatible random donors for
      platelet transfusion. Patients received crossmatch-compatible, crossmatch
      incompatible and uncrossmatched platelets. A successful outcome for transfusion
      was defined as a 24 h post-transfusion corrected platelet increment of greater
      than 4.5 X 10(9)/l. Of 47 predictions based on crossmatch results, the technique
      successfully predicted the outcome of the transfusion in 90% of cases. In all
      patients, transfusion of crossmatch-compatible platelets resulted in a
      significantly higher 24 h corrected platelet increment than was obtained
      following transfusion of incompatible platelets. The mean +/- SEM 24 h corrected
      post-transfusion increment (X 10(9)/l) was 17.79 +/- 2.01 in 26 patients who
      received crossmatch-compatible pooled random donor platelets; in 21 patients who
      received crossmatch-incompatible platelets, it was 1.19 +/- 0.56; and in 25
      patients who received uncrossmatched platelets, 4.42 +/- 0.97. The differences
      were highly significant. There was an 83% correlation of results with those
      obtained using an indirect platelet suspension immunofluorescence technique.

PMID- 6367809
TI  - Psychoendocrine interaction in anorexia nervosa, and the retreat from puberty: a
      study of attitudes to adolescent conflict, and luteinizing hormone response to
      luteinizing hormone releasing factor, in refed anorexia nervosa subjects.
AB  - Seventeen young women suffering from anorexia nervosa underwent LHRF infusion,
      and repertory grid psychometric measures, soon after they had regained ideal body
      weight. Those who had regained normal LH responsiveness showed repertory grid
      evidence of increased adolescent conflict compared to those who failed to respond
      to LHRF. Certain other clinical variables which might account for this finding
      were excluded, and the hypothesis that amenorrhoea in anorexia nervosa is partly
      explicable as a psychobiological defence against adolescent conflict is
      supported.

PMID- 6367810
TI  - Intrauterine infections with group B beta-haemolytic streptococci.
AB  - The case records of 15 infants with intrauterine infections due to group B beta
      haemolytic streptococci were traced from the records of two geographically
      separate centres over a 4-year period (1979-1982). Six infants were stillborn and
      the other nine died within the first 6 h. All the infants weighed less than 1000
      g and were less than 28 weeks gestation. Placental examination in 14 of the 15
      infants showed the presence of chorioamnionitis and funisitis. The infants also
      showed evidence of pneumonitis. Four infants had evidence of otitis media, two
      had evidence of an early meningitis. A history of antepartum bleeding was present
      in six infants and abundant retroplacental clot was noted in four of them. The
      membranes had been ruptured for greater than 24 h in only three infants. In six
      of the infants the membranes were intact at the time of delivery. A history of
      intact membranes at the time of delivery does not exclude a diagnosis of an
      intrauterine infection with this organism, and this series of infants highlights
      the importance of routine bacteriologic studies of all perinatal deaths.

PMID- 6367811
TI  - Treatment of motor urge incontinence with clenbuterol and flavoxate
      hydrochloride.
AB  - A controlled double-blind trial is reported of the parasympatholytic drug,
      flavoxate hydrochloride, and the new sympathomimetic drug, clenbuterol, in the
      treatment of 39 women with motor urge incontinence. The clinical results and the
      urodynamic findings of urethro-cystomanometry after therapy showed clenbuterol to
      be very effective with few side effects.

PMID- 6367812
TI  - Effect of oxybuprocaine 0.4% in preventing surgically induced miosis.
AB  - In a group of 68 patients a double-blind study was performed to assess the effect
      of preoperative oxybuprocaine 0.4% (Dorsacaine, Novesin) eye drops in comparison
      with a placebo in preventing surgically induced miosis during extracapsular
      cataract extraction. One drop of oxybuprocaine 0.4% or placebo was instilled 10
      and 5 minutes preoperatively. The pupil diameter was recorded at different stages
      of the operation. It was found that oxybuprocaine reduced the amount of pupil
      constriction during the operation significantly as compared with the placebo
      group, facilitating the removal of lens material and the implantation of an
      intraocular lens. The effect of oxybuprocaine is considered to be due to
      anaesthetic action on sensory nerves in the eye, which may inhibit the release of
      a miotic substance.

PMID- 6367814
TI  - Recurrence of keratoconus.

PMID- 6367813
TI  - Evolution of a primary lymphoma of the orbit.
AB  - A patient with a histologically benign lymphoid pseudotumour of the orbit
      developed a recurrent mass which proved to be a well differentiated lymphocytic
      lymphoma. Immunohistological studies showed that a majority of cells in the
      pseudotumour bore the same immunological markers as the subsequent lymphoma.
      There were no clinical or radiographic features of the initial lesion which
      indicated its eventual malignant course.

PMID- 6367815
TI  - The bonding of orthodontic attachments using a visible light cured adhesive.
AB  - The bonding of orthodontic attachments using a visible-light cured adhesive is
      described. The material is a Urethane Dimethacrylate resin with a glass filler
      which sets when exposed to visible light. This gives the material the advantage
      that the operator can decide when the material should set. This command setting
      at the appropriate moment gives increased working time and improves the accuracy
      of bracket positioning. These properties have been used in the development of a
      new technique for the direct placing of bonded retainers.

PMID- 6367816
TI  - A visible light-activated direct bonding material: an in vitro comparative study.
AB  - This paper reports on the mechanical performance of a visible light cured
      orthodontic bonding agent. It is concluded that this type of material is as
      effective as other commercial adhesives and offers certain advantages in
      handling. Resistance to 4 kg of force in the shear/peel mode within the first 5
      minutes of its application is expected from a clinically usable adhesive.

PMID- 6367817
TI  - Zinc homeostasis in man: studies using a new stable isotope-dilution technique.
AB  - A new method has been developed for the study of zinc metabolism in man using the
      stable isotope 67Zn. The technique involves intravenous infusion of the isotope
      followed by measurements of the plasma and faecal enrichments over a period of
      days. A procedure for the analysis of Zn isotopes in plasma and faeces is
      described which requires the separation of Zn from other elements using the
      chelator dithizone before analysis by thermal-ionization mass spectrometry. The
      stable isotope technique has been used in conjunction with a metabolic balance
      study to obtain measurements of Zn absorption and gastrointestinal secretion in a
      normal subject. Preliminary measurements of the size of the exchangeable pool of
      Zn have been made as have estimates of the rates of plasma and whole-body Zn
      turnover. Following an increase in dietary Zn the body appeared to respond in two
      ways. The gastrointestinal secretion of Zn increased immediately, but only by a
      relatively small amount. The absorption of Zn initially increased in proportion
      to the increase in dietary levels but then decreased within 4 d by an amount
      sufficient to restore Zn balance.

PMID- 6367818
TI  - Reconstitution of the membrane-bound, ubiquinone-dependent pyruvate oxidase
      respiratory chain of Escherichia coli with the cytochrome d terminal oxidase.
AB  - Pyruvate oxidase is a flavoprotein dehydrogenase located on the inner surface of
      the Escherichia coli cytoplasmic membrane and coupled to the E. coli aerobic
      respiratory chain. In this paper, the role of quinones in the pyruvate oxidase
      system is investigated, and a minimal respiratory chain is described consisting
      of only two pure proteins plus ubiquinone 8 incorporated in phospholipid
      vesicles. The enzymes used in this reconstitution are the flavoprotein and the
      recently purified E. coli cytochrome d terminal oxidase. The catalytic velocity
      of the reconstituted liposome system is about 30% of that observed when the
      flavoprotein is reconstituted with E. coli membranes. It is also shown that
      electron transport from pyruvate to oxygen in the liposome system generates a
      transmembrane potential of at least 180 mV (negative inside), which is sensitive
      to the uncouplers carbonyl cyanide p-(tri-chloromethoxy)phenylhydrazone and
      valinomycin. A trans-membrane potential is also generated by the oxidation of
      ubiquinol 1 by the terminal oxidase in the absence of the flavoprotein. It is
      concluded that (1) the flavoprotein can directly reduce ubiquinone 8 within the
      phospholipid bilayer, (2) menaquinone 8 will not effectively substitute for
      ubiquinone 8 in this electron-transfer chain, and (3) the cytochrome d terminal
      oxidase functions as a ubiquinol 8 oxidase and serves as a "coupling site" in the
      E. coli aerobic respiratory chain. These investigations suggest a relatively
      simple organization for the E. coli respiratory chain.

PMID- 6367819
TI  - Anticoagulant proteases from western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox)
      venom.
AB  - Crotalus atrox venom contains agents that render human fibrinogen and plasma
      incoagulable by thrombin. To elucidate the mechanism of alteration of fibrinogen
      clotting function by the venom, four immunochemically different proteases, I, II,
      III, and IV, were purified from the venom by anion-exchange chromatography and
      column gel filtration. All four proteases had anticoagulant activity rendering
      purified fibrinogen incoagulable. Proteases I and IV do not affect fibrinogen in
      plasma but in purified fibrinogen cleave the A alpha chain first and then the B
      beta and gamma chains. Both enzymes are metalloproteases containing a single
      polypeptide chain with 1 mol of zinc, are inhibited by
      (ethylenedinitrilo)tetraacetate and human alpha 2-macroglobulin, and have an
      optimal temperature of 37 degrees C and an optimal pH of 7. Protease I has a
      molecular weight (Mr) of 20 000 and is the most cationic. Protease IV has an Mr
      of 46 000 and is the most anionic glycoprotein with one free sulfhydryl group.
      Proteases II and III degrade both purified fibrinogen and fibrinogen in plasma,
      cleaving only the B beta chain and leaving the A alpha and gamma chains intact.
      Both enzymes are alkaline serine proteases, cleave chromogenic substrates at the
      COOH terminal of arginine or lysine, are inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate
      and phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, and have an optimal temperature of 50-65
      degrees C. Protease II is a single polypeptide chain glycoprotein with an Mr of
      31 000. Protease III is a two polypeptide chain protein with an Mr of 24 000,
      each of the two chains having an Mr of 13 000; its activity is not affected by
      major protease inhibitors of human plasma. Proteases II and III are enzymes with
      unique and limited substrate specificity by cleaving only the B beta chain,
      releasing a peptide of Mr 5000 and generating a fibrinogen derivative of Mr 325
      000, with intact A alpha and gamma chains and poor coagulability. Since the two
      enzymes are active in human plasma and serum, it is postulated that proteases II
      and III can mediate anticoagulant effects in vivo after envenomation.

PMID- 6367820
TI  - Formaldehyde metabolism by Escherichia coli. In vivo carbon, deuterium, and two
      dimensional NMR observations of multiple detoxifying pathways.
AB  - 13C NMR has been used to demonstrate the metabolism of dilute solutions of
      labeled formaldehyde by Escherichia coli to methanol, formate, carbon dioxide,
      and several other unidentified metabolites which contain labeled CH2 groups.
      Aeration of bacterial suspensions within the spectrometer dramatically increased
      the rate of oxidation to formate and carbon dioxide. Deoxygenation with nitrogen
      gas virtually abolished all metabolism, as did the exposure of bacteria to very
      high formaldehyde concentrations. Deuterium NMR of whole cells in deuterium
      depleted water further demonstrated the conversion of formaldehyde-d2 to methanol
      d2, ruling out a formaldehyde dismutase as an important species. Two-dimensional
      proton-carbon chemical shift correlation was used to reveal the chemical shifts
      of the protons attached to 13C labels in metabolites. The results indicate that
      formaldehyde is efficiently detoxified by the bacterial cell through a route or
      routes which do not appear to involve tetrahydrofolate. This detoxification may
      be in competition with the lethal antibacterial processes associated with
      formaldehyde.

PMID- 6367821
TI  - 1H NMR (500 MHz) of gene 32 protein--oligonucleotide complexes.
AB  - In concentrated solutions, gene 32 single-stranded DNA binding protein from
      bacteriophage T4 (gene 32P) forms oligomers with long rotational correlation
      times, rendering 1H NMR signals from most of the protons too broad to be
      detected. Small flexible N- and C-terminal domains are present, however, the
      protons of which give rise to sharp resonances. If the C-terminal A domain (48
      residues) and the N-terminal B domain (21 residues) are removed, the resultant
      core protein of 232 residues (gene 32P) retains high affinity for ssDNA and
      remains a monomer in concentrated solution, and most of the proton resonances of
      the core protein can now be observed. Proton NMR spectra (500 MHz) of gene 32P
      and its complexes with ApA, d(pA)n (n = 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10), and d(pT)8 show that
      the resonances of a group of aromatic protons shift upfield upon oligonucleotide
      binding. Proton difference spectra show that the 1H resonances of at least one
      Phe, one Trp, and five Tyr residues are involved in the chemical shift changes
      observed with nucleotide binding. The number of aromatic protons involved and the
      magnitude of the shifts change with the length of the oligonucleotide until the
      shifts are only slightly different between the complexes with d(pA)8 and d(pA)10,
      suggesting that the binding groove accommodates approximately eight nucleotide
      bases. Many of the aromatic proton NMR shifts observed on oligonucleotide complex
      formation are similar to those observed for oligonucleotide complex formation
      with gene 5P of bacteriophage fd, although more aromatic residues are involved in
      the case of gene 32P.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6367822
TI  - Determination of the metabolic origins of the sulfur and 3'-nitrogen atoms in
      biotin of Escherichia coli by mass spectrometry.
AB  - Two steps in the biosynthesis of biotin in Escherichia coli, incorporation of the
      nitrogen atom of methionine into 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid and of the sulfur
      atom into dethiobiotin, were examined. Sulfur and nitrogen metabolism were
      monitored by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of volatile derivatives of
      internal (protein-bound) amino acids and excreted biotin. We were able to show
      that internal cysteine and excreted biotin were labeled to the same extent with
      34S from either of two exogenous sulfur sources, 34SO4(2)-or L-[sulfane
      34S]thiocystine. Internal methionine was eliminated from consideration, while
      cysteine, or possibly a closely related intermediate, was implicated as providing
      the sulfur atom for biotin biosynthesis. Also, in experiments designed to follow
      the metabolism of the nitrogen atom of methionine, it was found that biotin
      excreted into the culture medium by this organism grown with 95 atom %
      [15N]methionine contained greater than 70 atom % excess 15N in one of the
      nitrogens over that obtained from cultures grown with methionine of natural
      abundance 15N. These results provide evidence for the direct transfer of the
      methionine nitrogen as the role of S-adenosylmethionine in the conversion of 7
      keto-8-aminopelargonic acid to 7,8-diaminopelargonic acid.

PMID- 6367823
TI  - Liposome-mediated transfer of macromolecules into flagellated cell envelopes from
      bacteria.
AB  - We have studied the interaction between flagellated cell envelopes from
      Escherichia coli and liposomes. Oligolamellar liposomes of ca. 0.45-micron
      diameter, composed of azolectin, phosphatidylserine, and cholesterol at a molar
      ratio of 7:1:2, were prepared by freezing and thawing and subsequent extrusion
      through polycarbonate filters. These liposomes exhibited high entrapment capacity
      and low leakiness. Liposome-cell envelope interaction was monitored flow
      cytometrically in a fluorescence-activated cell sorter with a fluorescent aqueous
      space marker and by a filtration assay with radiolabels for the lipid phase and
      the liposomal aqueous space. Maximal association of liposomes with the envelopes
      was observed in both assays after ca. 25 min at 30 degrees C. After such period
      of time, it seems that up to 200 liposomes (depending on the liposome to envelope
      ratio) were associated with a single cell envelope, as calculated from the
      radiotracer studies. Fluorometric measurements of the transfer of liposomal
      contents and the intermixing of membrane lipids indicated that at least 20% of
      the envelope-associated liposomes had delivered their content into the envelopes,
      possibly by fusion. Electron microscopic observations confirmed the transfer of
      liposome-encapsulated ferritin molecules into the cell envelopes. Our data
      suggest that liposomal carriers might be employed to deliver cytoplasmic,
      chemotaxis-related macromolecules into bacterial cell envelopes.

PMID- 6367824
TI  - Apparent saturation kinetics of divalent cation uptake in yeast caused by a
      reduction in the surface potential.
AB  - The concentration dependence of the uptake rate of divalent cations in yeast can
      be described by a simple diffusion process after accounting for the effect of the
      surface potential upon the divalent cation concentration near the membrane. It is
      also necessary to correct for the effect of the cell pH upon the rate of
      translocation. The apparent saturation kinetics is ascribed to the fact that the
      quotient of the concentration of the divalent cations near the cell membrane and
      the bulk aqueous phase concentration is reduced on increasing the divalent cation
      concentration in the medium. The diffusion process regulated by the surface
      potential even mimics the saturation kinetics of a two-carrier transport system.
      The selectivity found between Ca2+ and Sr2+ uptake can probably be traced to
      differences in their affinity for the negative groups on the cell membrane
      determining the surface potential rather than to differences in their affinity
      for a transport system. The enhancement of divalent cation uptake by loading the
      cells with phosphate is probably due to the concomitant increase in the net
      negative charge of the cell membrane.

PMID- 6367825
TI  - The discrimination between Rb+ and K+ by Escherichia coli is changed after
      bacteriophage T7 infection.
AB  - Rb+ and K+ have similar chemical properties. They share the uptake systems in
      Escherichia coli and can replace each other inside the cell. These common
      features led to experiments in which the radioactive isotope 86Rb was used to
      trace intracellular K+ fluxes. However, the E. coli pumps discriminate between
      these two ions and one should thus be cautious using 86Rb+ as a tracer for K+. We
      now report that T7 infection alters the degree of discrimination in such a way
      that changes of intracellular Rb+ do not reflect changes of K+. It has been
      observed that shortly after infection the 86Rb+ level was strongly reduced
      (Ponta, H., Altendorf, K.-H. and Schweiger, M. (1976) Mol. Gen. Genet. 149, 145
      150). In contrast, determination of the K+ content showed no change directly
      after infection (Kuhn, A., Jutte, H. and Kellenberger, E. (1983) J. Virol. 47,
      540-552). The efflux of 86Rb was only evident when Rb+ was used in trace amounts.
      In media conditions under which intracellular K+ was mainly replaced by Rb+,
      86Rb+ efflux was not observed.

PMID- 6367827
TI  - Small-angle X-ray study of the 50 S ribosomal subunit of Escherichia coli. A
      comparison of different models.
AB  - A small angle X-ray scattering curve obtained from Escherichia coli 50 S subunits
      has been compared with the scattering curves calculated for three-dimensional 50
      S models proposed by various authors. The one proposed by Lake, Stoffler and
      Vasiliev showed to some extent a good agreement with our experimental data.
      Calculating a large number of possible particle structures we found a model which
      optimally fits our experimental curves, but it's two-dimensional projections
      differ a little from the projections of 50 S subunits observed by electron
      microscopy.

PMID- 6367826
TI  - Incorporation of modified amino acids into proteins in vivo.

PMID- 6367828
TI  - Insulin binding and degradation studies on erythrocytes at different
      temperatures.
AB  - Insulin binding of human erythrocytes has been investigated between 0 and 37
      degrees C using porcine 125I-insulin/unlabeled porcine insulin and mono [125I]
      (Tyr-A14)biosynthetic human insulin/ unlabeled biosynthetic human insulin,
      respectively. Either system exhibited a regular thermodynamical behavior between
      0 and 22 degrees C, giving unitary free-energy changes of about -58/ -59 kJ/mol,
      unitary entropy changes of about +55/ +70 J/K per mol and a reaction heat of 
      43.1/ -38.3 kJ/mol. From 22 up to 37 degrees C an irregular thermodynamical
      behavior could be observed, which can be partially explained by an increased
      insulin degradation during incubation and an additional time-dependent binding of
      the degradation products.

PMID- 6367829
TI  - Purification and characterization of an enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidase from
      guinea pig serum.
AB  - An enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidase using Leu-enkephalin as a substrate was
      purified about 4100-fold from guinea pig serum. The purified preparation was
      apparently homogenous, showing one band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
      The molecular weight of the enzyme was approx. 92 000. The aminopeptidase had a
      pH optimum of 7.0 with Km values of 0.12 mM and 0.18 mM for Leu- and Met
      enkephalin, respectively. The enzyme hydrolyzed neutral, basic and aromatic amino
      acid beta-naphthylamides, but did not the acidic one. The enzyme was inhibited
      strongly by metal-chelating agents, bestatin and amastatin and weakly by
      puromycin. Among several biologically active peptides, angiotensin III and
      substance P strongly inhibited the enzyme.

PMID- 6367830
TI  - Isolation and characterization of nephritogenic antigen from bovine glomerular
      basement membrane.
AB  - A method for isolation of a potent nephritogenic antigen from bovine glomerular
      basement membrane has been established; the glomerular basement membrane was
      solubilized by trypsin digestion and fractionated successively by gel filtration
      on Ultrogel AcA-34, concanavalin A affinity chromatography and affinity
      chromatography on immobilized antibodies. The antigen thus prepared was found to
      be highly nephritogenic; it causes glomerulonephritis in rats by a single
      injection of 0.1 mg per individual. Amino acid and carbohydrate analyses revealed
      that the antigen is a glycoprotein which contains amino acids and sugars
      characteristic of collagen, namely, hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine, glycine,
      glucose and galactose, although the relative amounts of these amino acids and
      sugars are less than those found in Type IV collagen of glomerular basement
      membrane.

PMID- 6367831
TI  - Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of adrenaline and 8-bromo-cAMP on insulin
      sensitive 2-deoxyglucose transport in rat adipocytes.
AB  - The effects of adrenaline and 8-bromo-cAMP on 2-deoxyglucose uptake in isolated
      rat adipocytes were investigated under conditions of unidirectional flux, in
      which the transport process is rate limiting. Adrenaline showed a dualistic
      effect in the absence of insulin. At concentrations below 1 microM adrenaline
      stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake; at higher concentrations adrenaline inhibited
      the uptake. In the presence of insulin at the maximum effective concentration,
      addition of adrenaline further increased the 2-deoxyglucose uptake by about 50%.
      In the presence of insulin 8-bromo-cAMP had the same effect as adrenaline. In the
      absence of insulin, 8-bromo-cAMP only inhibited 2-deoxyglucose uptake.

PMID- 6367832
TI  - The effects of EMG-assisted relaxation training on the academic performance,
      locus of control, and self-esteem of hyperactive boys.
AB  - This study investigated effects of EMG-assisted relaxation training on the
      academic performance, locus of control, and self-esteem of hyperactive junior
      high school-age boys. Twenty-four subjects each were randomly assigned to the
      treatment and control condition. Treatment consisted of six 20 to 25-minute
      sessions conducted biweekly. Pretreatment frontalis EMG, math, reading, and
      language performance, locus of control, and self-esteem were assessed for both
      groups. Outcome measures were again obtained on these dependent variables 2 weeks
      after the last treatment session. Experimental subjects demonstrated
      significantly higher posttreatment reading and language performance. Math
      performance gain did not reach statistical significance. A significant internal
      shift in locus of control was observed; however, self-esteem did not improve to
      that level. These outcomes correlated with significantly lower posttreatment
      frontalis EMG in the experimental group. EMG level did not change during the
      course of this study for control subjects. Implications of these findings are
      discussed in terms of existent research.

PMID- 6367833
TI  - The utilization of EMG biofeedback for the treatment of periorbital facial muscle
      tension.
AB  - A case is presented of EMG feedback for reduction of tension in the orbicularis
      oculi muscle of both eyes. Feedback was provided for reduced firing of the upper
      and lower segments of the muscle. Within 25 sessions for the left eye and 20
      sessions for the right, muscle output was markedly reduced from baseline and the
      patient reported no longer experiencing discomforting sensations of tightness.
      Follow-up of the patient 3 months posttreatment revealed that the initial problem
      of muscle tension no longer existed.

PMID- 6367834
TI  - Multimodal biofeedback in the treatment of migraine.
AB  - The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to compare the effects of three
      behavioral strategies for the relief of migraine, and (b) to examine different
      combinations of the treatments to assess the effectiveness of multimodal
      biofeedback with this problem. Twenty-four volunteer migraine sufferers not on
      medication, and with at least weekly occurrence of headaches, participated in the
      study. Results indicated that (a) subjects who learned temporal cooling,
      frontalis relaxation, and progressive muscular relaxation exhibited the best
      success with headache relief; (b) control subjects, who did not show the same
      psychophysiological changes as experimental subjects, reported no headache
      relief; and (c) subjects in the group with only relaxation exercises performed
      similarly to control subjects and reported no headache relief.

PMID- 6367835
TI  - Quieting response training: predictors of long-term outcome.
AB  - Extensive personality, demographic, and symptom-related information from a
      heterogeneous group of more than 300 patients was examined for patterns that
      would discriminate between successful and unsuccessful outcomes in patients
      undergoing Quieting Response (QR) training, an 8-week program that integrated EMG
      and thermal biofeedback with a variety of relaxation exercises. Follow-up
      evaluations were at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. Agreement between expected (from
      stepwise discriminant analyses) and observed outcomes was 65% (whole sample), 62%
      (headache only), and 70% (Raynaud's only). Unimproved patient MMPI scales D, Sc,
      F, Hy, and Pt were significantly elevated. A variety of additional measures used
      indicated elevated levels of psychological stress among unsuccessful patients.
      While stereotypical descriptions of successful and unsuccessful patients are
      proposed, patterns from outcome groups were more similar than dissimilar, and no
      combination of factors was identified that had sufficient predictive power for
      use with future patients. No statistical grounds for exclusion were found among
      patterns of responses to the measures employed. Factors contributing to the
      inaccuracy of outcome prediction are discussed.

PMID- 6367836
TI  - [Inactivation and degradation of rat liver catalase by mitochondrial and
      lysosomal proteinases].
AB  - The initial phases of catalase degradation in rat hepatocytes were studied.
      Preparations of highly purified fractions of lysosomes and mitochondria from rat
      liver were obtained. The proteinase activity was measured by the radio-isotope
      method by the increase of the free amino groups or by the decrease of the
      catalase activity, using labelled catalase as a substrate. It was found that the
      initial step of catalase degradation occurs in the enzyme localized in the inner
      membrane as well as in the mitochondrial matrix and that the total degradation of
      catalase is completed in the lysosomal fraction of rat liver.

PMID- 6367837
TI  - [Cleavage of tRNA and rRNA at 7-methylguanine in the presence of methylated
      carrier RNA].
AB  - A method of site-specific cleavage of some tRNAs and rRNAs at the 7-methylguanine
      residue is described. After reduction of 7-methylguanine by sodium borohydride
      treatment in the presence of the exogenous carrier RNA methylated statistically
      by dimethylsulfate the polynucleotide chain is cut at the modified residue by
      aniline. It was shown that the previously used procedure which did not involve a
      methylated carrier RNA is not applicable for splitting rRNAs or low
      concentrations of tRNAs. The method described was successfully used for site
      specific cleavage of 32P-terminally labelled yeast tRNAPhe and unlabelled E. coli
      16S rRNA at 7-methylguanine position.

PMID- 6367838
TI  - [Incorporation of plasmid DNA into liposomes from the total lipid of E. coli and
      determination of their stability].
AB  - Large monolamellar liposomes were constructed from the total E. coli lipid by
      ultrasonication and consecutive treatment with Ca2+ and EDTA. Serum albumin and
      plasmid DNA were incorporated into the liposomes with the efficiency of 6.3 and
      4.7%, respectively. The plasmid DNA remained intact after incorporation, as was
      demonstrated by gel electrophoresis and transformation of E. coli with the DNA
      extracted from the liposomes, About one half of DNA-containing liposomes remained
      undamaged after 10 hr incubation at 4 degrees C. Possible implications of E. coli
      lipid liposomes in genetic transformation are discussed.

PMID- 6367839
TI  - Bacterial endotoxins in umbilical cord blood of neonates.
AB  - We tested umbilical cord blood from 255 infants for evidence of bacterial
      endotoxins. Using a Limulus lysate gelation technique, endotoxin-like activity
      (ELA) was detected in 13 (9.1%) of 142 term infants and in 23 (20.3%) of 113
      preterm infants (p less than 0.05), in concentrations ranging from 30 to 3,000 pg
      Escherichia coli equivalent activity per milliliter of plasma. No factors
      predisposing to endotoxemia could be detected in term pregnancies but among ELA+
      premature infants, placental cultures more frequently revealed gram-negative
      species (p less than 0.05). Cord blood endotoxemia in the concentrations observed
      was without obvious consequence in mothers and term infants. Our data confirm the
      existence of natal endotoxemia, a potential mechanism of perinatal injury.

PMID- 6367840
TI  - The enzyme immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serologic diagnosis of toxoplasmosis
      in pregnancy.
AB  - The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is simple, quick, and inexpensive,
      characteristics that make it particularly suitable for large screening programs.
      We compared the results obtained by ELISA with those obtained by
      immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT), indirect hemoagglutination test (IHAT),
      and Sabin Feldman Dye test in a group of 105 pregnant women in the course of a
      screening for toxoplasmosis. Prevalence of IgG antibody titers were not
      significantly different. ELISA results were particularly close to those of the
      reference tests (IFAT and Dye test).

PMID- 6367841
TI  - Effects of orally administered ritodrine on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in
      pregnant patients with abnormal glucose tolerance.
AB  - The metabolic effects of a widely used betamimetic agent (ritodrine) were studied
      in two groups of pregnant patients with abnormal glucose tolerance. No
      significance modification of various metabolic parameters was detected when the
      drug was orally administered in standard doses for at least 1 week. The possible
      reasons for this finding are discussed. Following the absence of any diabetogenic
      effect, a prolonged use of betamimetics to achieve tocolysis seems to be safe
      even in patients with metabolic disorders.

PMID- 6367842
TI  - Factors affecting the secretion of luteinizing hormone in the ewe.

PMID- 6367843
TI  - Development mechanisms underlying the formation of atavisms.

PMID- 6367844
TI  - Monitoring renal transplants: an application of the multiprocess Kalman filter.
AB  - The multiprocess Kalman filter offers a powerful general framework for the
      modelling and analysis of noisy time series which are subject to abrupt changes
      in pattern. It has considerable potential application to many forms of biological
      series used in clinical monitoring. In particular, the approach can be used to
      provide on-line probabilities of whether changes have occurred, as well as to
      identify the type of change that is involved. In this paper, we extend and
      illustrate the methodology within the context of a particular case study. The
      general features of the problem, and the approach adopted, will be seen to have
      wide application.

PMID- 6367845
TI  - Obesity and hypertension: epidemiology, mechanisms, treatment.
AB  - There is a close epidemiological association between obesity and elevated blood
      pressure for all age groups, although not every obese individual becomes
      hypertensive. In populations without age-related increases in body weight, an
      elevation of blood pressure with age is not seen. Mechanisms included in the
      development of hypertension in obesity are hyperinsulinemia, insulin induced
      sodium retention and increased sympathetic tone. Overnutrition with over intake
      of sodium and lack of physical exercise contribute to the metabolic syndrome of
      obesity. Thus, weight reduction by decreased energy uptake and increased physical
      exercise is recommended in the treatment of hypertension in obese patients. The
      resulting fall in insulin levels may lead to decreased sodium absorption in the
      kidney. Although treatment of obesity by weight loss decreases blood pressure
      substantially, a minority of patients do not respond to the weight loss. Blood
      pressure generally decreases before normal weight is achieved. Salt intake
      reduction does not appear to explain why weight reduction lowers blood pressure.
      Reduced levels of plasma renin activity, serum aldosterone levels, catecholamine
      levels and serum insulin levels may be involved in the blood pressure lowering
      associated with weight loss. Since the risk of cardiovascular disease in the
      hypertensive patient is not only determined by the blood pressure, an overall
      treatment which aims at reduction of other risk factors such as glucose
      intolerance and hyperlipoproteinemia is advocated. Thus, in any obese
      hypertensive patient normalization of excess body weight and increased physical
      activity appears to be the first and most important step of any rational
      therapeutic strategy.

PMID- 6367846
TI  - Sequential changes in NK and ADCC effector cell function after organ
      transplantation in man.
AB  - Antibody-dependent cellular (K cell) cytotoxicity (ADCC) and cellular
      cytotoxicity against natural killer (NK) targets exerted by the same cells were
      both measured sequentially in ten patients after renal transplantation using
      conventional immunosuppression. Cytotoxicity against NK targets appeared to
      correlate more closely with rejection episodes than did assays of ADCC activity
      during the same period. An apparent rise in NK activity was frequently
      accompanied by a fall in ADCC activity. Collectively these data suggest that the
      previously reported increase in NK activity during rejection episodes may
      represent a manifestation of the appearance of non-clonally activated T-cells in
      peripheral blood during rejection.

PMID- 6367847
TI  - Post mortem, ultrastructural cardiac muscle changes and anthracycline toxicity.
AB  - Anthracycline induced cardiomyopathy is commonly evaluated using the
      ultrastructural investigation of myocardial tissue. This is based to a large
      degree on subjectively evaluated, studies of post-mortem material which report
      various fin structural changes of cardiac tissue as being characteristic of this
      cardiomyopathy. We have studied the morphological variations of normal myocardial
      tissue in rats following perfusion fixation and immersion fixation of tissue
      obtained at death as well as at time points up to 6 hours after death, to examine
      the fine structural changes associated with immersion fixation and post mortal
      artefacts. Mitochondria profile area (reflecting mitochondrial swelling--a factor
      constantly reported as typical of anthracycline damage) increased significantly
      (p less than 0,01) if there was any delay between cell death and fixation. Many
      other fine structural changes were noted. We conclude that studies of this nature
      should ideally be carried out in experimental systems using perfusion fixation.
      Fixation procedures must always be defined in detail. If post mortem material
      must be used adequate information on the duration of the autolytic period must be
      given.

PMID- 6367848
TI  - [Insulin content in the pancreas and blood plasma of decapitated and
      encephalectomized rat fetuses].
AB  - Insulin content in the pancreas and blood plasma of encephalectomized,
      decapitated and intact rat fetuses was measured by radioimmunoassay.
      Encephalectomy and decapitation of 17.5-day-old fetuses did not produce any
      significant effect on insulin concentration in the pancreas and blood plasma of
      21-day-old fetuses. Injection of glucose to 21-day-old operated fetuses raised
      insulin secretion, which seems to be related to the potentiating action of
      maternal and (or) fetal humoral factors. The data obtained indicate that
      synthesis and basal secretion of insulin to the blood are not disturbed by the
      lack of the hypothalamohypophyseal control in prenatal rats.

PMID- 6367849
TI  - [Plasmid pAP20 controlling the hemolytic activity of E. coli].
AB  - The authors investigated pAP20 plasmid identified in E. coli cells isolated from
      man. According to the evidence obtained pAP20 plasmid determines the synthesis of
      alpha-hemolysin, being an F-like plasmid of the drd type. Having medium molecular
      size, the plasmid belongs to the inc FIV group and is partly incompatible with
      pAP38 plasmid which is a reference plasmid of the inc FVII group.

PMID- 6367850
TI  - [Changes in mouse submaxillary glands after injection of isoproterenol in intact
      and depancreatized animals].
AB  - The changes in the relative weight, cell area and ultrastructure of the
      submaxillary glands (SMG) of CBA/C57BL mice and those in the content of
      immunoreactive insulin-like protein (IRILP) occurring in the organ were studied.
      The changes were examined on day 6 after isoproterenol (ISP) injection (23 mg/100
      g bw) to healthy animals (group I), on day 13 after pancreatectomy and on day 6
      after injection of the indicated dose of ISP (group II), and on day 13 after
      pancreatectomy without ISP injection (group III). Intact animals served as
      control. In all the three experimental groups, the ratio between the SMG weight
      and the total weight of animals showed a tendency towards increase. The highest
      increase was recorded in group II, where the weight of the SMG was 46.1% higher
      than the control value. In groups II and III, the area of acinar cells increased
      by 49.1 and 12.5%, respectively. The area of salivary tube granular ducts
      decreased by 12.6% in group II and slightly increased (by 4.7% much greater than
      in group III. Electron microscopy demonstrated that secretory activity of the
      granular duct cells was enhanced in all the three groups and that secretory
      extrusion occurred via the apocrine (in group II animals via the holocrine as
      well) cells. The radioimmunoassay data suggest that IRILP content in the SMG of
      controls and animals entering groups I-III was 685 +/- 50, 1125 +/- 125, 914 +/-
      120 and 302 +/- 66 mu units/g weight, respectively. It is concluded that the
      synthesis and accumulation of IRILP in the SMG after ISP injection are activated
      and that the formation and extrusion of IRILP after ISP injection to diabetic
      animals are overtly activated. Presumably ISP injection to diabetic mice
      facilitates the stimulation of the compensatory function of the SMG as an IRILP
      producing organ.

PMID- 6367851
TI  - Study of Langerhans cells after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - We assessed the number of Langerhans cells (LC) before and after bone marrow
      transplantation (BMT) in 27 patients in order to study the fate and behavior of
      these dendritic antigen-presenting cells following allogeneic BMT. LC were
      identified using monoclonal antibody OKT6 on skin biopsies performed on days -
      10, 0, 11, 25, 39, 120, and 365. In a control group composed of 15 healthy adults
      aged 20-37 yr, the mean number of LC (+/- SEM) was 25.6 +/- 1.17/0.1 sq mm of
      epidermal surface. Our study shows that pretransplant, the number of LC in
      patients with aplastic anemia or leukemia was lower than that of controls. The
      finding of low numbers of LC in patients with untreated aplastic anemia is
      suggestive of a medullary origin of LC in man. Moreover, during the early
      posttransplant period, nearly all patients present a severe deficit in LC. This
      deficit may delay the maturation of their immune system. The number of LC reaches
      nearly normal levels 4-12 mo after BMT. Finally, we have noted a significant
      impairment of LC reconstitution in patients with acute graft-versus-host disease
      (GVHD), providing evidence that this defect may be an important mechanism
      involved in acute GVHD-related immunodeficiency.

PMID- 6367852
TI  - Erythropoietin production in a primary culture of human renal carcinoma cells
      maintained in nude mice.
AB  - The present studies report erythropoietin (Ep) production in primary cultures of
      a human renal carcinoma from a patient with erythrocytosis that has been serially
      transplanted to BALB/c nude mice. The levels of erythropoietin in the culture
      media were estimated using the exhypoxic polycythemic mouse assay (EHPCMA), fetal
      mouse liver erythroid colony-forming technique (FMLC), and a radioimmunoassay
      (RIA). The spent culture media of the exponentially growing cells contained less
      than 10 mU/ml of Ep measured by RIA. However, after the cells became confluent,
      Ep levels (RIA) in the spent media showed a marked increase to approximately 300
      mU/ml. Ep levels estimated using the FMLC and EHPCMA were approximately 2/3 and
      1/10, respectively, of those measured by RIA. Rabbit antiserum to highly purified
      human urinary Ep (70,400 U/mg protein) was utilized for immunocytochemical
      (peroxidase-antiperoxidase method) localization of Ep in the cultured cells. Very
      few of the cells in exponential growth exhibited Ep-like immunoreactivity,
      whereas intense Ep-like immunoreactivity was observed in the cytoplasm of the
      cells maintained in culture for a prolonged period after reaching confluency. The
      most intense staining was observed in some of the cells forming domes. The domes
      developed after the cells reached confluency, and their numbers increased with
      increasing time in confluent culture, in parallel with the increase in Ep levels
      in the spent media. This primary cell culture system of a renal cell carcinoma
      maintained in nude mice, which produces immunologically and biologically active
      Ep, may provide a useful model for studies of the mechanism of Ep production.

PMID- 6367853
TI  - The megakaryocyte DNA content and platelet formation after the sublethal whole
      body irradiation of rats.
AB  - The DNA content of rat bone marrow megakaryocytes (MK) was studied by Feulgen
      photometry, following whole body irradiation with 2 Gy. The DNA measurements were
      preceded by acetylcholinesterase staining to avoid missing the smaller 2N-8N MK.
      The number of 2N-8N MK declined immediately following irradiation, whereas the
      number of 16N-64N MK remained normal for 4 days before decreasing. The number of
      2N-8N and 16N-64N MK reached minimum around days 7 and 10, respectively, and
      thereafter increased to supranormal values at days 14 and 20, respectively.
      Platelet production, measured by 35S incorporation into platelets, increased
      during the first 4 days, then decreased to minimum about day 10. A rise to
      supranormal values was present at day 20. All values were about normal 30 days
      after exposure. The observed pattern may be explained as follows: Most of the 16N
      64N MK survive the applied dose and maintain their ability to produce platelets.
      Some of the 2N-4N and 8N MK survive irradiation and transform into platelet
      producing MK. No influx of cells from the MK stem cell compartment into the MK
      compartment can be observed before day 7 after irradiation. One explanation for
      this time lag may be that thrombocytopenia, which does not occur before then, is
      an essential stimulus for MK stem cell activation.

PMID- 6367854
TI  - Quality control of estrogen receptor assays in The Netherlands.
AB  - Lyophilized receptor-positive tissue powders and cytosols, prepared from calf
      uterus and human breast tumor tissue, are used to assess the validity of routine
      dextran-coated charcoal estrogen receptor assays. Since 1978 lyophilized
      reference preparations have been analyzed twice yearly by 18 laboratories in the
      Netherlands. During 8 consecutive trials 20 different lyophilized samples were
      studied. The inter-laboratory variability of estrogen receptor results decreased
      with time. Most laboratories found receptor values around the median value of all
      groups together, though some participants consistently reported estrogen receptor
      values that were higher or lower than the median. The variability of estrogen
      receptor results between labs seemed to be associated with cytosol dilution,
      determination of non-specific binding, concentration and volume of dextran-coated
      charcoal, and the use of single dose assays or Scatchard analysis. The agreement
      on the presence or absence of estrogen receptors was more than 98% for
      lyophilized reference samples with high receptor content. For samples with low
      receptor content 85% agreement was observed, while 12% of the assays performed on
      receptor-negative material were reported to be estrogen receptor-positive. The
      use of the same protein determination (Coomassie Brilliant Blue) and human serum
      albumin standard has decreased the interlaboratory variation coefficient of the
      protein results to 7.5%.

PMID- 6367855
TI  - Characterization of insulin regulation of lipid synthesis in MCF-7 human breast
      cancer cells.
AB  - Stimulation of lipid synthesis by insulin in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells is
      characterized by an increase in acetate incorporation into long-chain fatty
      acids. The effects occurs in the absence of an increase in glucose uptake by the
      cells, and cannot be explained by a decrease in turnover of cellular fatty acids.
      Differential substrate experiments as well as direct measurement of enzyme
      activities indicate that insulin stimulates increases in activity of the first
      enzyme of the de novo pathway, acetyl CoA carboxylase. [32Pi] incorporation into
      phospholipids is also stimulated by insulin. Thin layer chromatography reveals
      five peaks of [32Pi]-labeled phospholipids corresponding in mobility to the
      following standards: lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine,
      phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. [32Pi] incorporation into
      each of these peaks is stimulated, although the degree of stimulation varies.

PMID- 6367856
TI  - Adjuvant chemotherapy in stage-II breast cancer: an overview of the NSABP
      clinical trials.
AB  - Data derived from 1848 patients entered into three adjuvant chemotherapy
      protocols are presented. The three studies were performed sequentially and were
      designed to identify patient subsets responding to one, two, or three
      chemotherapeutic agents. Comparison of disease-free survival in patients
      receiving L-PAM or placebo disclosed that L-PAM was beneficial in patients less
      than or equal to 49 years of age, but not in women greater than or equal to 50
      years. Further analysis indicated that the subset of patients less than or equal
      to 49 years with 1-3 positive nodes sustained the greatest increment in disease
      free survival with single-agent L-PAM. The addition of 5-FU to L-PAM was superior
      to L-PAM alone in patients greater than or equal to 50 years of age, particularly
      those with greater than or equal to 4 positive nodes. The three-drug combination
      of L-PAM, 5-FU, and methotrexate failed to provide a benefit over and above that
      achieved by the L-PAM-5-FU combination in all subsets examined. The results
      underscore the heterogeneous response to chemotherapy demonstrated by patient
      subsets characterized on the basis of age and nodal status. The implications of
      the findings relative to the current status of adjuvant therapy are discussed.

PMID- 6367858
TI  - Multiple trials of adjuvant chemohormonal therapy in the treatment of breast
      cancer: preliminary results--the ECOG experience.
AB  - Adjuvant therapy trials in breast cancer have grown steadily more complex since
      1971, when the first long-term adjuvant trial in the United States was initiated.
      From L-PAM alone or in combination with a few other cytotoxic agents, ECOG
      protocols have expanded to consider different multidrug combinations with
      tamoxifen and other endocrine agents, administered for various lengths of time,
      sometimes alternating between two combinations. Nevertheless, we are still in the
      gestational stages of adjuvant studies, with many critical questions yet to be
      answered.

PMID- 6367857
TI  - Adjuvant therapy of breast cancer: the Southwest Oncology Group experience.
AB  - The Southwest Oncology Group in a prospective randomized study compared one year
      of adjuvant combination chemotherapy with continuous CMFVP (cyclophosphamide,
      methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, vincristine, and prednisone) to two years of
      intermittent L-phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM) in women with operable breast cancer
      with histologically positive axillary lymph nodes. In fully and partially
      evaluable patients with a 68-month median follow-up, treatment failures have
      occurred in 27% of 172 receiving CMFVP and 47% of 186 women given L-PAM (p =
      0.002). The advantage for women receiving CMFVP was seen for all subsets
      regardless of menopausal status except among women who were premenopausal and had
      1-3 positive nodes. Based on this study, a second study was implemented using
      both the estrogen-receptor (ER) content of the primary tumor and axillary nodal
      status to select therapy.

PMID- 6367859
TI  - Cancer and Leukemia Group B adjuvant chemotherapy trials in postmastectomy breast
      cancer patients.
AB  - The Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) has conducted two recent trials of
      adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients found to have lymph node
      metastases after mastectomy. The first trial in 772 evaluable patients
      demonstrated an advantage of five drugs (CMFVP) over three drugs (CMF). This
      advantage is seen in the group of patients who have been followed the longest
      period of time (median 52 months). When the more recent entries are also included
      in the evaluation, the benefit is seen only in women with more than three
      positive nodes. The advantage of five drugs over three is seen first and most
      dramatically in those patients with the greatest burden of disease and only
      later, and less dramatically, appears in groups with fewer positive lymph nodes.
      The second trial examines the effects of two scheduling methods of CMFVP and the
      value of a non-cross-reacting drug combination during the second six months of a
      year of adjuvant therapy.

PMID- 6367860
TI  - Ovarian irradiation and prednisone following surgery and radiotherapy for
      carcinoma of the breast.
AB  - Following mastectomy, patients with operable breast cancer underwent
      postoperative irradiation of the chest wall and regional lymph nodes. They were
      then assigned at random to receive no further therapy, ovarian irradiation (2000
      rad in five days) or ovarian irradiation in the same dosage plus prednisone, 7.5
      mg daily. A total of 705 patients received the randomly assigned treatment and
      were followed for up to 15 years. In premenopausal patients who received ovarian
      irradiation, the recurrence of breast cancer was delayed and survival prolonged,
      but not significantly. In premenopausal women aged 45 years or more, ovarian
      irradiation plus prednisone therapy significantly delayed the recurrence of
      breast cancer (p = 0.04) and prolonged survival (p = 0.02). No value was
      demonstrated for ovarian irradiation with or without prednisone therapy in
      postmenopausal patients.

PMID- 6367861
TI  - Postmastectomy adjuvant chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy in women
      with operable breast cancer and positive axillary lymph nodes: the Southeastern
      Cancer Study Group experience.
AB  - Between September 1976 and June 1982, 308 patients with operable breast cancer
      with 1-3 involved axillary nodes were stratified according to institution, type
      of mastectomy, and time from surgery to protocol entry, and then randomized to
      receive either six or 12 months of adjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide,
      methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (CMF). With a median time of follow-up of 33
      months, relapse rates among 181 reviewed and evaluable patients are 20/85 (23.5%)
      for pre- and 23/96 (24%) for postmenopausal patients. Results for premenopausal
      women, while better than historical controls at a similar time interval, appear
      inferior to other published adjuvant studies (e.g., NSABP and Milan). Although
      total relapse rates were 23/100 (23%) for six months and 20/81 (25%) for 12
      months of therapy, suggestive differences were encountered by menopausal status
      with early trends favoring 12 months of treatment for premenopausal patients and
      six months of treatment for postmenopausal patients. During this same period, 283
      patients with four or more involved axillary nodes were randomized to 1-3
      treatment arms: six months of CMF, six months of CMF preceded by local-regional x
      ray therapy (XRT), or 12 months of CMF. The latter arm was closed in February
      1980 while the two six-month chemotherapy arms remain open as of January 1983.
      Relapse rates for 174 reviewed and evaluable patients on the three arms include:
      27/76 (36%) for six months CMF, 15/54 (28%) for XRT and CMF, and 24/44 (45%) for
      12 months CMF. Local-regional relapse rates were 12/120 (10%) for the combined
      two non-XRT arms and 3/54 (6%) for the XRT treatment arm (p = 0.34). Thus, at
      this early stage of follow-up there are still no statistically significant
      differences between six or 12 months of adjuvant CMF therapy and neither definite
      beneficial nor detrimental effects of prechemotherapy adjuvant radiation therapy.
      Longer follow-up will be needed to provide definitive conclusions.

PMID- 6367862
TI  - Adjuvant endocrine therapy, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and immunotherapy in stage-II
      breast cancer: five-year results.
AB  - Five-year results of a prospective, randomized clinical trial of three treatment
      regimes--(a) cytoxan, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (CMF); (b) CMF plus the
      antiestrogen drug, tamoxifen (CMFT); and (c) CMFT plus bacillus Calmette-Guerin
      (BCG) vaccinations--in 312 women with stage-II breast cancer are reported.
      Estrogen receptors (ER) were measured in all of the primary tumors. Addition of
      tamoxifen to CMF therapy significantly decreased the number of recurrences at
      five years in ER positive patients with four or more positive axillary lymph
      nodes. Addition of tamoxifen to CMF had no effect on disease-free survival in ER
      positive patients with 1-3 positive axillary lymph nodes or in patients with ER
      negative tumors. Addition of BCG vaccinations had no discernible effect on
      disease-free survival. ER measurements in the primary tumor provide important
      prognostic information regardless of treatment, with ER-positive patients having
      lower recurrence rates and mortality after five years. ER measurements also have
      predictive value for response to endocrine therapy. Further follow-up is needed
      to determine whether tamoxifen is delaying recurrence or preventing it in a
      subset of these patients.

PMID- 6367863
TI  - Treatment of primary breast cancer with L-PAM/5-FU and tamoxifen: an interim
      report.
AB  - This trial studied the possibility that tamoxifen, added to L-phenylalanine
      mustard and 5-fluorouracil, enhances the established benefit of the latter two
      drugs in treatment of women with breast cancer and positive axillary nodes. The
      addition of tamoxifen resulted in a 25% decrease in treatment failure at 24
      months and a 23% decrease at 36 months. In patients greater than or equal to 50
      years old, there was a 48% reduction at 24 months and a 39% reduction at 36
      months. This advantage was statistically significant at both two and three years'
      follow-up (p less than 0.001). Higher receptor levels were associated with a
      greater probability of disease-free survival. Patients less than or equal to 49
      years old were less responsive. There was some evidence at 24 months that
      patients in this age group with four or more positive nodes who also had high ER
      levels might benefit from tamoxifen. At 36 months, however, this benefit was no
      longer evident. This form of adjuvant therapy is not recommended in patients less
      than or equal to 49 years of age whose tumor estrogen and progesterone levels are
      below 10 fmol; there is an appearance of benefit in patients greater than or
      equal to 50 with low estrogen and progesterone levels, and stronger evidence of
      benefit when these levels are high among the older group of patients.

PMID- 6367864
TI  - Mutagenicity studies of size-fractionated oil fly ash in the Ames Salmonella
      typhimurium assay.

PMID- 6367866
TI  - [1984 roster of the Royal Academy of Medicine of Belgium].

PMID- 6367865
TI  - Home treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea with continuous positive airway
      pressure applied through a nose-mask.
AB  - Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) applied through the nose completely
      prevented obstructive apnoea during all night testing in 50 patients with severe
      obstructive apnoea. In early 1981, we began a home treatment trial of nasal CPAP.
      Patients were treated in hospital for 3 to 5 nights, a period in which they were
      trained to fit the custom made nose-mask used to provide nasal CPAP. Patients
      subsequently continued treatment at home. Daytime somnolence resolved within days
      of starting therapy, and did not recur while the nasal CPAP unit was used on a
      regular basis. At present, we have 35 patients who have been on therapy for
      periods ranging between 3 and 30 months. Although each patient has displayed a
      reduction of severity of the underlying sleep apnoea when tested without nasal
      CPAP, the majority continue to require regular nightly nasal CPAP. In a few
      patients, treatment with nasal CPAP appeared to help in weight control such that
      obstructive apnoea and snoring have resolved. Nasal CPAP is a safe, fully
      effective therapy for obstructive apnoea, and can be used indefinitely by the
      patient at home.

PMID- 6367867
TI  - Triple procedure.

PMID- 6367868
TI  - Inhibition of the allograft reaction in corneal transplantation by cyclosporin A:
      an experimental study with rabbits.

PMID- 6367869
TI  - [Keratoplasty].

PMID- 6367870
TI  - Effect of nicotine on the formation of prostacyclin-like activity and thromboxane
      in rabbit aorta and platelets.
AB  - The effect of nicotine on the bioformation of prostacyclin (PGI2) and of
      thromboxane (Tx)B2 in rabbit aorta and platelets, respectively, was investigated.
      Rabbit aortic rings were incubated with [14C]-arachidonic acid ( [14C]-AA) and
      the incubation products were separated with thin layer chromatography (t.l.c.).
      Alternatively, the aortic rings were incubated without substrate and their
      spontaneous formation of platelet anti-aggregatory activity was measured. Rabbit
      platelet microsomes were incubated with [14C]-AA and the products formed were
      separated with t.l.c. Rings of aorta were found to be incapable of converting
      added [14C]-AA to labelled 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (the stable hydrolysis product of
      PGI2). Rings of aorta incubated in saline medium spontaneously formed PGI2-like
      activity. This formation was dose-dependently inhibited by nicotine, with an I50
      of about 10(-4) M. Platelet microsomes converted [14C]-AA to labelled TxB2. This
      formation was unaffected by nicotine. It is concluded that a true difference in
      sensitivity to nicotine exists between cyclo-oxygenase in rabbit aorta and
      platelets. The data also demonstrate a tissue difference between rabbit aorta and
      platelets concerning their utilization of exogenous AA as substrate in the
      formation of platelet active compounds.

PMID- 6367871
TI  - Effect of metoprolol on 24-hour urinary excretion of adrenal steroids and
      kallikrein in patients with essential hypertension.
AB  - Treatment of fifteen patients with essential hypertension over four weeks using
      the beta 1-adrenoceptor blocking agent, metoprolol, resulted in a decrease in 24
      h urinary excretion of kallikrein and aldosterone along with a decrease in plasma
      renin activity. There was no significant change in 24 h excretion rates of the
      free adrenal steroids deoxycorticosterone, 18-OH-deoxycorticosterone,
      corticosterone, cortisol or 18-OH-corticosterone during treatment, which were not
      significantly different from excretion rates of normal males, thus excluding
      inhibitory effects of adrenal steroids on urinary kallikrein activity. A positive
      correlation was found between plasma renin activity and urinary excretion of
      kallikrein during the control period and after 2 weeks on metoprolol, supporting
      the assumption of a preserved link between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
      system and the renal excretion of kallikrein in these patients. The decrease in
      kallikrein excretion during beta 1-adrenoceptor blockade in patients with
      essential hypertension may be explained by a reduction in sympathetic tone and by
      reduced activity of the renin-aldosterone system.

PMID- 6367873
TI  - The French approach to psychiatric classification.

PMID- 6367872
TI  - Endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by angiotensin II and histamine in
      isolated arteries of dog.
AB  - In helical strips of dog renal and mesenteric arteries pre-contracted with
      prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), endothelium-dependent relaxations were
      investigated. Removal of the endothelium was shown histologically by staining
      with silver nitrate and functionally by testing the inability of acetylcholine to
      induce arterial relaxations. When the endothelium was removed, relaxation of
      renal arteries to angiotensin (Ang) II was markedly suppressed, whereas
      relaxations induced by PGI2 or isoprenaline were attenuated only slightly.
      Removal of the endothelium attenuated the relaxant response of mesenteric
      arteries to histamine but did not significantly alter the response to PGI2.
      Treatment with indomethacin caused an additional attenuation of the relaxant
      response to histamine or a reversal of the Ang II-induced relaxation to a
      contraction in the arterial strips, from which the endothelium had been removed.
      Relaxation of renal arteries induced by Ang II and of mesenteric arteries induced
      by histamine is postulated to result from PGI2 released from the arterial wall.
      Therefore, it appears that the endothelium is a major site but not the only site
      responsible for drug-induced release of PGI2.

PMID- 6367874
TI  - The Northwick Park ECT trial. Predictors of response to real and simulated ECT.
      Clinical Research Centre, Division of Psychiatry.
AB  - The clinical characteristics of 70 patients included in the Northwick Park ECT
      trial of real against simulated ECT were analysed to identify predictors of
      response to the two treatments. The initial agitated/deluded/retarded
      substratification, the initial assessment of delusions by PSE, the individual
      items and factors derived from the Hamilton depression scale were all evaluated,
      together with six scales previously held to predict response to ECT and the
      individual items of these scales. The limited size of the sample does not allow
      firm conclusions, but the most significant and only consistent predictor of
      response to real ECT appeared to be the presence of delusions. The features of
      'endogenous depression' did not in themselves appear to predict response to real
      ECT. The findings are discussed in relation to the viewpoint that delusional
      depression may be a specific entity which is relatively resistant to tricyclic
      antidepressants but responsive to electroconvulsive shock.

PMID- 6367875
TI  - Two-year follow-up of agoraphobics after exposure and imipramine.
AB  - Forty-five agoraphobic out-patients were randomly assigned to treatment with
      imipramine or placebo, and also to brief therapist-aided exposure or relaxation.
      All patients did systematic self-exposure homework and recorded this in a diary.
      Forty of these patients were followed-up two years later with self-ratings and
      ratings by interviewers blind to their treatment conditions. About two-thirds of
      the patients remained improved or much improved in their phobias, with no
      significant difference between any of the four treatment conditions. Spontaneous
      panics also remained improved. The absence of an imipramine effect may reflect
      the lack of initial dysphoria (anxiety-depression) in this sample compared with
      other studies where drug-effects have been found. The post-treatment superiority
      (evident at week 28) of patients who had therapist-aided exposure was no longer
      present at the two-year follow-up; the others had caught up, presumably because
      of their self-exposure homework.

PMID- 6367876
TI  - Neuroleptics in the short-term treatment of anorexia nervosa. A double-blind
      placebo-controlled study with sulpiride.
AB  - There is a remarkable lack of controlled investigations about the usefulness of
      psychotropic drugs in anorexia nervosa despite the popular use of neuroleptics in
      these patients. Inspired by a previous study using pimozide, a double-blind
      placebo-controlled cross-over study with sulpiride was carried out in 18 female
      anorexia nervosa inpatients. No direct effect of sulpiride has been established
      with regard to behavioural and attitudinal characteristics as measured by
      behaviour observation scales as well as by two self-report questionnaires (Eating
      Attitudes Test, Body Attitudes Test). Regarding daily weight gain, sulpiride was
      on the whole superior to placebo, especially in the first treatment period of
      three weeks. In the cross-over analysis, however, this effect did not reach
      statistical significance.

PMID- 6367877
TI  - My father knew Adolf Meyer. The currency of Meyer's ideas in British psychiatry.

PMID- 6367878
TI  - Eugen Bleuler and schizophrenia.

PMID- 6367879
TI  - Informed consent--or the unwitting participant.

PMID- 6367880
TI  - Silvanus Phillips Thompson--some studies in the "prehistory" of X rays. The
      Silvanus Thompson memorial lecture, April 1983.

PMID- 6367881
TI  - Embolisation of host kidneys for the control of hypertension after renal
      transplantation: radiological aspects.
AB  - In this study 12 patients with drug-resistant hypertension after renal
      transplantation had their own kidneys ablated by therapeutic embolisation. The
      technical aspects of the procedure are described in detail. An improvement in
      blood-pressure control was achieved in eight of the 12 patients. These results
      are similar to those which have been reported after bilateral nephrectomy. It is
      concluded that embolisation of the host kidneys is a simple, effective and less
      hazardous alternative to surgery in the treatment of severe hypertension after
      renal transplantation.

PMID- 6367882
TI  - The Cancer Research Campaign (King's/Cambridge) trial for early breast cancer: an
      analysis of the radiotherapy data.
AB  - A detailed study has been made of the patients receiving routine post-operative
      radiotherapy in the Cancer Research Campaign trial for early breast cancer.
      Particular attention has been paid to the routine dose delivered and the
      incidence of recurrence in different areas. Little difference was apparent in the
      incidence of local recurrence in groups of patients receiving different levels of
      dosage, although there was a threefold reduction in five-year local recurrence
      free rates compared with that for patients who received no irradiation. Moderate
      or severe telangiectasis occurred more frequently as the dose increased. When
      analysed in terms of survival, there was a tendency for the patients receiving
      more than 1510 ret to do a little better, but this was not statistically
      significant and could be due to some unexplained patient selection or higher
      dosage. There was no suggestion that irradiation might cause reduced survival.

PMID- 6367883
TI  - Measurement of glomerular filtration rate without blood sampling: validation in
      renal transplant patients.

PMID- 6367884
TI  - Visualisation of tumours using labelled antibodies.

PMID- 6367885
TI  - Hepaticojejunostomy in benign and malignant high bile duct stricture: approaches
      to the left hepatic ducts.
AB  - Biliary-enteric anastomosis for relief of biliary obstruction caused by benign or
      malignant disease at the confluence of the bile ducts can be difficult. An
      approach by dissection at the confluence has to be performed directly into an
      area of scarring or at the site of a neoplastic lesion; exposure of an adequate
      duct for anastomosis is often difficult and may appear impossible. This paper
      describes an alternative approach to the hepatic ducts by dissection of the left
      hepatic ductal system. The method has been used with success in thirty-six
      patients.

PMID- 6367886
TI  - A new purse-string instrument for low-stapled colorectal anastomoses.

PMID- 6367887
TI  - Survival of Chlamydia trachomatis in different transport media and at different
      temperatures: diagnostic implications.
AB  - We compared the survival of a laboratory strain of Chlamydia trachomatis serovar
      L-2 in different media and at different temperatures (room temperature, 4 degrees
      C, and -70 degrees C). At these temperatures the best storage medium was 2SP (0.2
      mol/l sucrose in 0.02 mol/l phosphate buffer supplemented with 10% fetal calf
      serum). We used material obtained from patients to study the sensitivity of the
      culture method as a function of sample storage time and temperature. Compared
      with results on direct inoculation, material stored in 2SP for 48 hours gave 11%
      fewer positive cultures at 4 degrees C and 14% fewer at room temperature. Of
      samples which gave negative results on direct inoculation, 4% were positive after
      storage at 4 degrees C for 48 hours and 2% after storage at -70 degrees C for a
      week. As expected, the number of inclusion forming units in the original material
      proved to be important for the percentage of positive cultures among the stored
      samples.

PMID- 6367889
TI  - Where does the term "aphasia" come from?

PMID- 6367888
TI  - Treatment of acute gonococcal urethritis in men with simultaneous infection with
      Chlamydia trachomatis.
AB  - Each of 201 men with symptoms and signs of acute urethritis was randomly assigned
      to one of two treatment regimens: ampicillin (2g) plus probenecid (1g), or
      sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMX-TMP) (sulphamethoxazole 1600 mg plus
      trimethoprim 320 mg) four tablets twice daily for two days. Before treatment
      Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolated from 162 patients, while coexistent Chlamydia
      trachomatis was recovered from 42 (26%) men. After treatment N gonorrhoeae
      persisted in 11 (14.3%) of the 77 patients treated with ampicillin and probenecid
      and in three (3.5%) of the 85 treated with SMX-TMP (p less than 0.05), while C
      trachomatis persisted in four (16%) of the 25 men treated with SMX-TMP and in all
      17 patients treated with ampicillin and probenecid. SMX-TMP was thus more
      effective than ampicillin in treating acute gonorrhoea in men and in eradicating
      concurrent C trachomatis infection.

PMID- 6367890
TI  - Quantitative immunocytochemistry of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). Studies
      on nonbiological models and on hypothalamic tissues of rats after hypophysectomy,
      adrenalectomy and dexamethasone treatment.
AB  - Indirect immunofluorescence cytochemistry of ovine corticotropin releasing factor
      (oCRF) was performed by use of an antiserum raised against a conjugate of oCRF
      and bovine thyroglobulin. The staining intensity was quantitated by use of an
      automated microfluorimeter. In cryostat sections of formaldehyde fixed oCRF
      containing gelatine models, the staining intensity was dependent on the
      concentration of oCRF (1-100 microM) added to the gel. Immunoinhibition
      experiments showed that oCRF induced identical concentration-dependent (0.001-1
      microM) quenching of the immunostaining of oCRF containing models and rat median
      eminence (ME) preparations. Comparison of immunoinhibition of oCRF and ME
      extracts indicates that approximately 1.5 ng of CRF immunoreactivity (CRFi) is
      present in the ME of intact adult male Wistar rats. In the hypothalamus of rats,
      the majority of CRFi nerve fibers are localized in the external zone of the
      median eminence, whereas a large population of CRFi cell bodies is present in the
      paraventricular nucleus. Manipulations of the pituitary-adrenal system result in
      changes in the distribution of CRFi in these neurons. One week after extirpation
      of the adrenals or of the pituitary gland, the CRFi in the ME was reduced to 32
      +/- 3% and 48 +/- 6% respectively. This decrease in CRFi in the median eminence
      can be largely prevented by treatment of rats with dexamethasone in doses that
      effectively reduce plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels. In contrast to intact
      rats, CRFi cell bodies can be visualized in the paraventricular nucleus of non
      colchicine-treated rats after adrenalectomy or hypophysectomy. These data support
      the view that the hypothalamic CRFi neurons play a central role in the control of
      pituitary-adrenal activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6367891
TI  - The alpha subunit of S100 protein is present in tumor cells of human malignant
      melanoma, but not in schwannoma.
AB  - The subunits of S100 protein were isolated from surgically resected tissues of
      human malignant melanoma and schwannoma by means of an affinity chromatography
      followed by high performance liquid chromatography. The melanoma tissue gave rise
      to the alpha and beta subunits in almost equal quantities while the schwannoma
      tissue yielded only the beta subunit, indicating that the S100 subunits were
      distributed differently between these tumor tissues. This finding suggests that
      the cellular distribution of S100 subunits varies, so that the cells containing
      S100 protein can be classified into several types on the basis of the subunit
      composition.

PMID- 6367892
TI  - Lateralization of LH-RH in rat hypothalamus.
AB  - An asymmetrical LH-RH distribution in rat hypothalamus has been found. In Wistar
      rats LH-RH content in the right hypothalamus exceeds that in the left one; in
      albino rats a contrary distribution is observed. LH-RH lateralization changes
      during a 24-h period. Unilateral castration or cold stress lead to a shift in LH
      RH distribution in the hypothalamus.

PMID- 6367893
TI  - [Transfer of resistance in Shigellae to azlocillin and other antibiotics].

PMID- 6367894
TI  - [Historical circumstances surrounding the establishment of the Institute of
      Medical Physics].

PMID- 6367895
TI  - [Changes in the cortico-papillary gradients of sodium, potassium and urea in
      preserved and transplanted kidneys in dogs].

PMID- 6367896
TI  - [Cultivation of tissue cultures from the pancreas of laboratory animals].

PMID- 6367897
TI  - [Social conditions of tuberculosis in Slovakia before World War I].

PMID- 6367898
TI  - Doctor Thomas Dimsdale, and smallpox in Russia. The variolation of the Empress
      Catherine the Great.

PMID- 6367899
TI  - Allogeneic marrow transplantation.
AB  - After 15 years of clinical investigation, allogeneic marrow transplantation can
      be considered the treatment of choice for a variety of hematologic and
      immunologic diseases. This review has focused upon some of the principles,
      current results, problems, and future directions in allogeneic marrow grafting.

PMID- 6367900
TI  - Combined hyperthermia and radiation therapy in cancer treatment: current status.

PMID- 6367901
TI  - Role of renin-angiotensin system in cardiopulmonary bypass hypertension.
AB  - The role of the renin-angiotensin system in the aetiology of perioperative
      hypertension was studied in 15 previously normotensive patients undergoing
      coronary artery surgery and anaesthetized with fentanyl. Measurements of plasma
      renin activity were made at intervals before and during cardiopulmonary bypass
      (CPB). In addition, angiotensin II blockade with saralasin was used in an attempt
      to treat hypertension during CPB. Nine of the patients became hypertensive
      (increase in systemic pressure of more than 20 per cent) before CPB and although
      the mean plasma renin activity was higher in this group than in the normotensive
      patients it was within normal limits for each group. Hypertension during CPB
      (mean blood pressure greater than 100 mmHg at 1.8 l X m-2 flow), occurred in
      seven patients but was not associated with increased renin activity and did not
      respond to saralasin in doses up to 20 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1. It is concluded
      that cardiopulmonary bypass associated hypertension is not mediated by activation
      of the renin-angiotensin system.

PMID- 6367903
TI  - Preservation and fixation of skin for ulterior scientific evaluation and
      courtroom presentation.

PMID- 6367904
TI  - Principal/associate agreements.

PMID- 6367905
TI  - A survey of dental knowledge, attitudes and behavior of expectant parents.

PMID- 6367902
TI  - Anaesthesia and emesis. I: Etiology.

PMID- 6367906
TI  - Future possibilities for increased tooth resistance to dental caries.

PMID- 6367907
TI  - The significance of remineralization in caries prevention.

PMID- 6367908
TI  - Possibilities for modifying the caries attack by altering the oral microflora.

PMID- 6367909
TI  - Developmental modulation of protein synthetic patterns by the human malarial
      parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
AB  - Under conditions of in vitro culture, Plasmodium falciparum incorporated amino
      acids into particulate (membrane) and soluble proteins in a pattern which changed
      sequentially and which was dependent upon the stage of parasite maturation.
      Synchronized cultures pulse labeled with a mixture of 15 14C-labeled amino acids
      or [14C]histidine alone displayed stage-related patterns of polypeptide
      biosynthesis. Certain plasmodial proteins were associated with both particulate
      (membrane) and soluble fractions, whereas others appeared to be specific to a
      given fraction. Proteolysis of intact infected cells with pronase under
      conditions which removed 97 +/- 2.2% of the endogenous red cell
      acetylcholinesterase activity did not cause the apparent removal of any
      radiolabeled proteins; this suggests the absence of externally exposed, parasite
      synthesized proteins in the infected red cell membrane. Such a result was
      consistent whether the radiolabel was [14C]histidine or the 14C-labeled amino
      acid mixture. These results indicate that specific modulation of parasite
      biosynthetic patterns occurs during the asexual reproductive cycle and is
      probably one mechanism whereby parasite differentiation occurs. Despite the
      formation of surface excrescences on infected red cells containing mature
      parasites, results of surface digestion experiments failed to demonstrate the
      presence of surface-exposed plasmodial proteins.

PMID- 6367910
TI  - Effect of a potassium-deficient diet on arterial blood pressure, plasma and
      tissue cations, and tissue norepinephrine in the hypertensive dog.
AB  - Chronic potassium deficiency in one-kidney one-clip hypertensive dogs
      significantly reduces blood pressure and plasma potassium, with a simultaneous
      increase in plasma renin activity. Tissue potassium concentration was decreased
      and tissue sodium concentration was increased in striated muscle and adrenal
      glands, which may suggest that the sodium-potassium pump was inhibited. In
      myocardium the sodium concentration was higher but the potassium concentration
      was not significantly lower than in control hypertensive dogs on normal diets.
      Arterial cation concentrations in the potassium-deficient group were not
      significantly different from those in the control group. Tissue norepinephrine
      concentration was higher in arteries from potassium-deficient animals,
      significantly so in the mesenteric and femoral arteries. The conclusion is that
      potassium deficiency may decrease blood pressure in the one-kidney one-clip
      hypertensive dogs by impairing the release of norepinephrine.

PMID- 6367912
TI  - The epidemic spread of Salmonella typhimurium phage type 10 in Canada (1970
      1979).
AB  - The frequency of Salmonella typhimurium phage type 10 across Canada was monitored
      during the period 1970-1979. Phage type 10 isolations increased from 1.2% in 1970
      to 68.8% in 1979 among isolates from human sources and from 1.5 to 30.6% in
      isolates from nonhuman sources. Examination of food-poisoning outbreaks and a
      study of the animal-host associations of phage type 10 revealed that contaminated
      poultry products appear to be the most common sources of human infections. The
      majority (89.3%) of S. typhimurium phage type 10 strains were sensitive to
      antibiotics. Of the resistant strains, 73.3% were resistant to single antibiotics
      and 26.7% were multiresistant. Thirty-three different patterns of antibiotic
      resistance were observed. A number of the resistance determinants were
      transferable by conjugation and the R plasmids were found to belong to the
      incompatibility groups HI1, FII, N, I alpha, and C.

PMID- 6367911
TI  - Galactosamine inhibition of protein synthesis in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.
AB  - Galactosamine does not support growth of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. Despite
      this, galactosamine was more effective than utilizable carbohydrates such as
      glucose in preventing synthesis of the inducible enzymes alpha-glucosidase and
      chondroitin lyase. Galactosamine also stopped overall protein synthesis. By
      contrast glucose and other utilizable carbohydrates increased the rate of protein
      synthesis. Addition of glucose to bacteria which had been treated with
      galactosamine restored the ability of the bacteria to synthesize protein and to
      produce inducible enzymes. Moreover, when B. thetaiotaomicron was incubated with
      [1-14C]galactosamine for 30 min at 37 degrees C, about one-third of the label
      which was taken up by the cells comigrated with glucosamine-6-phosphate on a thin
      layer chromatogram. Thus galactosamine appears to be phosphorylated by the
      bacteria. After 2 h incubation of the bacteria with [1-14C]galactosamine, there
      was a significant increase in the amount of label which could be extracted from
      acidified extracellular fluid with diethyl ether. This indicates that
      galactosamine can be metabolized to the level of volatile fatty acids. The rate
      of uptake of galactosamine and the amount of labeled fatty acids produced from
      galactosamine were both much lower than the values obtained when glucosamine was
      the substrate. Thus, although some metabolism of galactosamine occurs, the rate
      is apparently too slow to enable galactosamine to support growth of B.
      thetaiotaomicron.

PMID- 6367913
TI  - Impairment of virulence of in vitro subcultures of Mycobacterium lepraemurium.
AB  - Mycobacterium lepraemurium was cultivated in vitro on Ogawa egg-yolk medium. The
      pathogenicity of the third and eighth subcultures for C3H and C57BL mice was
      compared with that of in vivo grown murine bacilli by evaluating the mean
      survival time of infected mice. The results strongly suggest that a significant
      drop of virulence occurs during the in vitro cultivation of M. lepraemurium.

PMID- 6367914
TI  - The role of respiratory protection on increased survival of Treponema pallidum
      (Nichols) when cocultivated with mammalian cells in vitro.
AB  - The ability of mammalian cells in tissue culture to protect against oxygen
      toxicity for Treponema pallidum was examined. Addition of catalase to the
      incubation medium enhanced T. pallidum survival when co-incubation was carried
      out under aerobic conditions. When co-incubation was carried out under 3% oxygen,
      catalase had no enhancing effect on survival despite the fact it was still highly
      stimulatory when T. pallidum was incubated under 3% oxygen in the same medium
      with no tissue culture cells present. Inactivation of the catalase present
      endogenously in the mammalian cells by the addition of the catalase inhibitor 3
      amino-1,2,4-triazole largely eliminated the enhancing effect of mammalian cells
      on the survival of T. pallidum under 3% oxygen. Increasing the oxygen consumption
      of the host mammalian cells with 0.1 mM 2,4-dinitrophenol enhanced T. pallidum
      under both aerobic and microaerobic conditions; a much greater effect was seen
      under aerobic conditions. The results indicated that mammalian cells offer
      significant protection against toxic oxygen reduction products for T. pallidum in
      vitro under microaerobic conditions.

PMID- 6367915
TI  - The history of surgery for morbid obesity.

PMID- 6367916
TI  - Differential diagnosis of emotional disorders that cause weight loss.
AB  - Recently, anorexia nervosa has received much attention in the scientific and lay
      press. As a result there is a danger that the other emotional disorders that can
      present with weight loss and vomiting will be overlooked. Case examples are
      presented for anorexia nervosa, conversion disorder, schizophrenia and
      depression. The presentation and treatment of these four disorders are compared.

PMID- 6367918
TI  - Known occupational carcinogens and their significance.
AB  - Although rates of occupational cancer can be excessive in certain industries,
      less than 5% of all cancers seem attributable to exposure to carcinogens in the
      workplace. For example, workers in hard-rock mining and the woodworking
      industries are at increased risk; cigarette smoking has a synergistic effect.
      There is conclusive evidence of carcinogenicity for fewer than 20 substances,
      including asbestos, arsenic, chromium, nickel, cadmium, radon, several aromatic
      hydrocarbons and certain herbicides. Most of the hundreds of organic compounds
      known to be mutagenic in in-vitro tests have not been shown to be carcinogenic in
      epidemiologic studies. Both laboratory and epidemiologic approaches, however, can
      identify probable causes of cancer and permit the application of effective
      preventive measures. In addition, it is still possible for the alert individual
      clinician to make the initial discovery of an occupational hazard.

PMID- 6367919
TI  - [Coexistence of Legionnaires' disease and Q fever in a single patient].
AB  - A case of Legionnaires' disease associated with Q fever is presented; this is
      probably the first reported case of concomitant infections with Legionella
      pneumophila and Coxiella burnetii. The pulmonary features of the illness were not
      typical of either disease. The difficulties of making a diagnosis in such cases
      are discussed.

PMID- 6367917
TI  - Acute graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - In 25 patients receiving allogeneic bone marrow transplants methotrexate was used
      to prevent acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Acute GVHD, grades 2 to 4,
      developed in only 5 (20%) of the patients. The incidence of acute GVHD in other
      series of recipients of bone marrow transplants has ranged from 5% to 76%. A
      review of the literature suggests that this variation cannot be completely
      accounted for by age, type of disease treated by transplantation or type of GVHD
      prophylaxis. However, transfusion of allogeneic lymphocytes that have not been
      completely inactivated by irradiation (e.g., in platelet and granulocyte
      preparations) and inadequate isolation-decontamination procedures may increase
      the probability of GVHD following bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 6367921
TI  - Canadian Forces medicine: 25 years of unified service.

PMID- 6367920
TI  - Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis: diagnosis and management.
AB  - Vertebral osteomyelitis represents a diagnostic challenge to the clinician. Two
      cases of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis occurring weeks to months after a
      urinary tract infection with Escherichia coli are described. The rarity and
      subtle clinical presentation of this condition, the presence of pre-existing
      degenerative arthritic changes, and delayed appearance of radiologic signs of
      progression to destructive osteomyelitis contributed to a significant delay in
      diagnosis. Increased awareness of vertebral osteomyelitis as a clinical entity
      combined with information from radionuclide scanning may permit earlier detection
      of this condition.

PMID- 6367922
TI  - Asymptomatic cervical bruits.
AB  - The diagnosis, significance and management of asymptomatic cervical bruits have
      been the focus of considerable controversy. The literature does not support an
      aggressive approach but, rather, careful follow-up of patients with this
      disorder. This paper reviews the available data and discusses the management
      options of family practitioners who may detect this disorder during a routine
      physical examination, during an examination prompted by an unrelated problem or
      preoperatively when elective surgery is being considered.

PMID- 6367923
TI  - Bacterial indicators of recreational water quality.

PMID- 6367924
TI  - Adrenal corticosteroids in the treatment of asthma.

PMID- 6367926
TI  - Theophylline.

PMID- 6367925
TI  - Psychological management of the asthmatic child.

PMID- 6367927
TI  - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis--pathology and pathogenesis.
AB  - Early reports of hypersensitivity pneumonitis postulated that the disease was
      infectious or resulted from the toxic properties of the inhaled organic dusts.
      The finding of precipitating antibodies to moldy hay in farmers afflicted with
      farmer's lung suggested a role for antibody in pathogenesis, and a type III
      (antigen-antibody complex-mediated or Arthus) hypersensitivity reaction based on
      the classification of allergic reactions by Gell and Coombs was postulated.
      Subsequent studies have indicated the importance of cell-mediated (delayed)
      hypersensitivity (type IV). It must be recognized that hypersensitivity
      mechanisms are quite complicated and that the classification of Gell and Coombs
      is an oversimplification; interreacting humoral and cellular responses are
      typical of most hypersensitivity reactions of whatever classic type as originally
      defined. The prime importance of T-cell- and macrophage-mediated inflammation in
      HP, however, is indicated by histopathology, animal models, and in vitro
      correlates in humans. Major difficulties in defining completely the exact
      effector mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of HP include the absence of a
      reliable in vitro correlate of antigen-specific effector T cells (the so called
      TDH cell) and the overwhelming versatility of the macrophage. There is no direct
      evidence to support contributions by precipitins, complement, or genetic host
      factors in the pathogenesis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, nor are there
      studies as yet of cellular cytotoxicity contributions. Cellular and antibody
      interactions may lead to immunosuppressive processes modulating inflammatory
      responses and preventing disease despite immunogenesis. Animal models are helpful
      in dissecting mechanisms and defining effector functions. The eventual goal in
      studies of pathogenesis is to provide better tools for definitive diagnosis and
      methods of disease prevention, modulation, and cure.

PMID- 6367928
TI  - Farmer's lung disease.

PMID- 6367929
TI  - The Alza T IPCS 52, a longer acting progesterone IUD: safety and efficacy
      compared to the TCu22OC and multiload 250 in two randomized multicentre trials.
      The World Health Organization's special programme of research, development and
      research training in human reproduction. Task Force on intrauterine devices for
      fertility regulation.
AB  - The longer-acting progesterone-releasing IUD - the Alza T IPCS 52 - was compared
      to the TCu22OC and Multiload 250 in two randomized trials in 20 centres in 17
      countries. There were 2239, 2292 and 1011 insertions respectively. The copper
      devices had significantly lower medical removal rates and higher continuation
      rates. The pregnancy rates for the progesterone releasing device were
      significantly higher after 390 days of use in the interval insertion study and
      after 870 days in the post abortion insertion study. The Alza T IPCS 52 device
      achieved only 2 year efficacy rather than the original objective of 3 years.

PMID- 6367930
TI  - The current status of infertility associated with pelvic endometriosis.

PMID- 6367932
TI  - Acute leukemia. A prototype of disseminated cancer.

PMID- 6367931
TI  - Acute leukemia in children. Model for the development of scientific methodology
      for clinical therapeutic research in cancer.

PMID- 6367933
TI  - The detection of environmental mutagens and potential carcinogens.

PMID- 6367935
TI  - Giant lymph node hyperplasia with unusual clinicopathologic features.
AB  - This report describes two cases of giant lymph node hyperplasia (GLNH) with
      unusual clinicopathologic features, both studied with immunohistochemical
      techniques. In the first case, mesenteric GLNH was associated with amyloidosis
      and the nephrotic syndrome. In the second, GLNH developed in a patient with
      previously treated Hodgkin's disease. In both cases, the GLNH was of the plasma
      cell variant. The plasma cells of the first case contained both kappa and lambda
      light chains, while those in the second case contained only the lambda light
      chain. The presence or absence of monoclonality was not predictable from the
      morphology alone. Cases of GLNH with unusual clinicopathologic features are
      reviewed and the significance of immunohistochemical studies discussed.

PMID- 6367934
TI  - Osteogenic sarcoma producing human chorionic gonadotrophin. Case report with
      immunohistochemical studies.
AB  - An osteogenic sarcoma occurring in a 22-year-old woman was found to be associated
      with production of a large amount of beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (B-hCG).
      Pregnancy was excluded on the basis of a normal ultrasonogram and a proliferative
      type endometrium obtained by curettage. A homogenate of the tumor was strongly
      positive for B-hCG while immunohistochemical staining of the tumor cells was
      strongly positive for B-hCG and negative for pregnancy associated glycoprotein.
      These results indicate ectopic production of hCG by the osteosarcoma.

PMID- 6367936
TI  - American Cancer Society Workshop Conference on Methodology in Behavioral and
      Psychosocial Cancer Research. St. Petersburg Beach, Florida, April 21, 22, and
      23, 1983.

PMID- 6367937
TI  - Methodology in behavioral and psychosocial cancer research. Need for improved
      psychosocial research methodology: goals and potentials.

PMID- 6367938
TI  - Methodology in behavioral and psychosocial cancer research. Development of
      psychometric assessment methods by life cycle stages.

PMID- 6367939
TI  - Measurement of pain and analgesia in cancer patients.
AB  - Measurement of pain in cancer patients requires all the procedural safeguards
      essential for the measurement of subjective responses, including the employment
      of active and inactive controls, double-blind techniques, randomization, and
      statistical verification of results. Pain is traditionally measured in analgesic
      studies by employing verbal descriptors of intensity, but more recently visual
      analogues of pain intensity have been used and generally provide more sensitive
      measures of pain intensity. Patients with chronic pain tend to rate the
      categories representing more intense pain as lower in the visual analogue scale
      than do patients with postoperative pain. This may well reflect differences in
      the prior pain experiences of the two groups. Patients with chronic cancer pain
      have greater positive mood effects after the narcotic, morphine, than after the
      non-steroidal antiinflammatory analgesic, zomepirac, and this appears to be
      independent of analgesic activity. It is possible to design crossover analgesic
      studies in cancer patients so as to minimize carry-over effects, and such studies
      are more efficient than parallel group assays. Crossover studies also provide the
      ability to measure carry-over when it occurs.

PMID- 6367940
TI  - Methodology in behavioral and psychosocial cancer research. Work, social,
      recreation, family, and physical status.

PMID- 6367941
TI  - Methodology in behavior and psychosocial cancer research. Some issues in the
      study of coping.

PMID- 6367942
TI  - Methodology in behavioral and psychosocial cancer research. Conceptualizing
      disease impact and treatment outcomes.
AB  - The focus of assessment of disease impact is moving beyond survival and
      biomedical outcomes to include a comprehensive set of health status and quality
      of life concepts. We have discussed four socially relevant concepts that can be
      thought of as dimensions of health status or well being: physiologic status,
      personal (physical) functioning, mental health, and social well-being. Quality of
      life was also discussed briefly as a very global concept encompassing these
      health status dimensions and a broader set of concepts including finances,
      housing, and employment. Five categories of measures based on manifest content
      were also discussed, including measures of disease/diagnostic status, personal
      functioning, mental health, general health perceptions, and social/role
      functioning. The physiologic dimension of health is very heterogeneous and
      includes many concepts and measures that vary largely independently of each other
      and that differ in terms of their impact on the other dimensions of health
      status. The physical, mental, and social dimensions of health and well-being also
      can be measured many different ways, and each can be broken down into distinct
      concepts that may vary in importance from one study to another. Of these three
      concepts, social well-being is the most heterogeneous. To assist investigators
      searching for valid measures of specific health status and quality of life
      concepts, we recommended formal estimations of measurement models. A preliminary
      model of 15 health status measures was presented to illustrate the usefulness of
      such a model.

PMID- 6367943
TI  - Methodology in behavioral and psychosocial cancer research. Measurement of family
      function, communication, and cultural effects.

PMID- 6367944
TI  - Social support and the cancer patient. Conceptual and methodologic issues.
AB  - In this paper, an attempt has been made to provide an overview of the major
      issues facing cancer researchers who are interested in the conceptualization and
      measurement of social support. Taken as a whole, the literature reflects a
      growing appreciation for the complexity of the social-support construct, and a
      need for greater conceptual and research specificity. The following issues were
      discussed: (1) the importance of measuring support in a way that will permit
      assessment of distinct types of support (e.g., emotional support, advice) by
      distinct providers (e.g., spouse, physician) since available evidence suggests
      that the impact of support is strongly affected by these factors; (2) the
      importance of using a multimethod approach to support measurement which includes
      both structural aspects and subjective assessments of the adequacy of the support
      network; and the problems inherent in assuming that structural variables alone
      are an indication of the adequacy of support; (3) the importance of considering
      negative as well as positive support, since there is evidence suggesting that
      such behaviors may be very prevalent in the interactions between cancer patients
      and those in their support network that they may have strong influence on
      subsequent health outcomes; (4) the need to consider the perspective of the
      provider as well as the recipient in obtaining judgments of the effectiveness of
      particular kinds of support, given the evidence that providers sometimes make
      attempts to be supportive that are regarded as unhelpful; (5) the importance of
      focusing on actual utilization as well as availability of the support network,
      since an understanding of how people mobilize their support networks has
      important theoretical and practical implications; and, finally, (6) the
      importance of studying more explicit, specific behaviors that occur between
      cancer patients and those in their support network, as well as more general
      judgments regarding whether support is adequate. Investigators in the social
      support area agree that it is time to move beyond demonstrations of a
      relationship between support and health outcomes to a more careful explication of
      the processes underlying support. This review highlights the importance of
      designing research that will shed light on the precise mechanisms through which
      support influences health outcomes. Hopefully, such research will clarify how
      social support interacts with other important psychosocial variables such as
      coping strategies and self-esteem.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6367945
TI  - Methodology in behavioral and psychosocial cancer research. Practical concerns
      and pitfalls in measurement methodology.

PMID- 6367946
TI  - Methodology in behavioral and psychosocial cancer research. Future directions.

PMID- 6367947
TI  - Cyvadic in advanced soft tissue sarcoma: a randomized study comparing two
      schedules. A study of the EORTC Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group.
AB  - Two hundred forty-six adults with advanced progressive soft tissue sarcoma
      received combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, Adriamycin
      (doxorubicin), and DTIC. They were randomly allocated to receive the four drugs
      simultaneously every 4 weeks (S1: CYVADIC), or pairs of drugs (S2: ADIC-CYV)
      alternating at 4 weekly intervals. One hundred sixty-two patients completed 8
      weeks of chemotherapy, and were considered to be evaluable for response. There
      were 18 complete remissions and 25 partial remissions, an overall response rate
      of 26%, with a highly significant difference between the two arms in favor of S1
      (38% versus 14%, P = 0.001). There were no significant differences between S1 and
      S2 in terms of median duration of remissions (62 versus 39 weeks), and median
      survival of responders (85 versus 80 weeks) and of all evaluable patients (43
      versus 45 weeks). Karnofsky index (KI) was the single most important prognostic
      factor. Patients with KI 90-100 showed a remission rate of 41% (56% on the S1
      regimen) in contrast with 14% in those with KI 50-80. No patient with a KI of 50
      responded to chemotherapy. The main toxicities were nausea, vomiting, anorexia,
      alopecia and myelosuppression, but did not differ significantly between the two
      regimens. Our findings suggest that stratification according to KI is essential
      for studies on chemotherapy for advanced soft tissue sarcomas in order to make a
      valuable comparison of treatment results.

PMID- 6367948
TI  - Congenital granular cell epulis. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural
      observations.
AB  - Tumor cells of the congenital granular cell epulis (GCE), unlike those of the
      granular cell tumor (GCT), did not stain with antiserum to S-100 protein. Based
      on immunohistochemical findings it is concluded that the GCE and GCT differ in
      histogenesis; furthermore, ultrastructural studies of the authors are in
      agreement with others in supporting a mesenchymal origin of the GCE.

PMID- 6367949
TI  - On the histogenesis of Ewing's sarcoma. An ultrastructural, immunohistochemical,
      and cytochemical study.
AB  - Forty-two cases of Ewing's sarcoma (ES) have been studied with light microscopy
      during the 9-year period 1974 to 1982. Thirty-three patients had ES of bone, and
      in 9 patients the tumor was located in the extraskeletal soft tissues. Cases
      which fulfilled all the morphologic criteria were accepted as typical ES (31
      cases), and those with some architectural or cytologic peculiarities were
      considered atypical forms of ES (11 cases). An immunohistochemical study (PAP
      method) to evaluate the presence in the tumor cells of the following markers:
      myoglobin, F-VIII-related antigen, lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1
      antichymotrypsin, and immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM, kappa and lambda light
      chains), was performed with negative results in all cases (paraffin blocks were
      available in 38 cases). The cytochemical study on fresh tissue imprints from five
      patients (PAS, Sudan Black, alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, acid phosphatase,
      beta glucuronidase, myeloperoxidases, naphthol-AS-D chloroacetate esterase and
      alkaline phosphatase) gave no pattern of histogenetic significance, PAS being the
      best morphologic marker in tissue sections and touch preparations. A detailed
      ultrastructural study was performed on 34 cases; the main findings may be
      summarized as follows: medium sized cells, polygonal shape, oval nuclei, smooth
      nuclear envelope, abundant euchromatin, well-developed nucleolonema, scant
      membranous organelles, abundant hyaloplasmic glycogen, occasional lipid vacuoles,
      straight cell membranes, and primitive intercellular junctions. No differences
      were found between bone and extraskeletal ES; moreover, typical and atypical
      forms showed moderate quantitative differences with no qualitative change. The
      histogenesis is discussed; no functional or morphologic markers have been found
      to suggest the cell of origin; however, some cell lines may be excluded. It is
      the impression of the authors that they are dealing with a primitive noncommitted
      mesenchymal cell.

PMID- 6367950
TI  - Pulmonary rhabdomyosarcoma with isolated small bowel metastasis. A report of a
      case with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies.
AB  - A unique case of pulmonary rhabdomyosarcoma with an isolated, symptomatic small
      bowel metastasis is presented. The tumor affected the middle lobe, and was
      treated with a right pneumonectomy. Eleven months after the operation, an
      isolated small bowel metastasis, which produced intestinal obstruction, was
      resected. The patient is currently alive, 11 months after operation. The
      myogenous nature of the tumor was confirmed by the immunohistochemical
      demonstration of myoglobin in the pulmonary and enteric lesion by the
      ultrastructural findings of poorly developed sarcomeres.

PMID- 6367951
TI  - Intermediate filaments in striated muscle. A review of structural studies in
      embryonic and adult skeletal and cardiac muscle.

PMID- 6367952
TI  - Control of gene expression in muscle development.

PMID- 6367953
TI  - Organization of contractile fibers in smooth muscle.

PMID- 6367954
TI  - Regulation of muscle contraction.

PMID- 6367955
TI  - Fine structure of skeletal muscle.

PMID- 6367956
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to the contractile proteins.

PMID- 6367957
TI  - The spatial arrangement of muscle thin-filament proteins as determined by
      fluorescence-energy transfer.

PMID- 6367958
TI  - Evidence for actomyosin conformational changes involved in tension generation.

PMID- 6367959
TI  - Microfilament organization in the cytoskeleton of the intestinal brush border.

PMID- 6367960
TI  - Intermediate filaments in human myopathies.

PMID- 6367961
TI  - The biochemistry of microtubules. A review.

PMID- 6367962
TI  - Genetic dissection of the assembly of microtubules and their role in mitosis.

PMID- 6367963
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to intermediate filament proteins. Use in diagnostic
      surgical pathology.

PMID- 6367965
TI  - Teaching relaxation techniques to cancer patients.

PMID- 6367964
TI  - Organization and function of stress fibers in cells in vitro and in situ. A
      review.

PMID- 6367966
TI  - Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent Raji cell assay (ELISA) in the
      investigation of gastrointestinal cancer.
AB  - The levels of circulating immune complexes (CICs) have been estimated in a group
      of patients with colorectal cancer and gastric cancer, in addition to which a
      normal range has been established in a group of patients with benign
      gastrointestinal disease. A newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent Raji cell
      assay has been used in this study. Overall only 30% of patients with
      gastrointestinal cancer showed elevation of CIC levels outside the normal range.
      Elevated levels correlated with tumour differentiation bud did not correlate with
      site of disease or with the presence of metastases. In an attempt to define the
      specificity of CIC estimation, soluble tumour extract was added to sera from
      tumour-bearing patients. Specific IC elevations were produced by addition of
      allogeneic tumour extract of colon cancer in patients with colorectal cancer;
      this phenomenon was not seen when the same extract was added to the sera of
      patients with gastric cancer.

PMID- 6367968
TI  - Influence of implantation site on formation of metastases.
AB  - It has been suggested that local factors at the site of growth of a primary tumor
      might influence the outcome of the metastatic process. Compilation of the data
      from the literature revealed that growth of tumor cells in the selective medium
      of the intraperitoneal cavity, of the lymph node and/or of the spleen leads to
      progression towards a population of cells with a higher metastatic capacity. In
      search for an experimental model with transplantable rodent tumors that could be
      used to study the influence of the anatomic site of an implant on the formation
      of spontaneous metastases, we have considered heterogeneity of microenvironmental
      conditions in the subcutaneous milieu. For the MO4 mouse fibrosarcoma, a primary
      tumor growing subcutaneously in the tail was highly metastatic to lymph nodes and
      lungs while it failed to produce metastases when growing in the pinna.
      Implantation of a spheroidal aggregate of MO4 tumor cells, alternatively in the
      tail and in the pinna of syngeneic C3H/He mice, might be an appropriate model,
      which is discussed in this review.

PMID- 6367967
TI  - Inhibition of the arrest of hematogenously disseminated tumor cells.
AB  - Most metastases in patients occur as a result of hematogenous dissemination of
      tumor cells. This process of metastasis is complex and consists of several steps,
      foremost of which is the arrest of circulating emboli in capillary beds and the
      formation of a thrombus at that site. Thrombus formation in the metastasis of
      human cancer was described first by Billroth in 1878. It was reported that the
      organization of tumor cell emboli, and the subsequent penetration of tumor cells
      into the capillary wall, was the first stage of metastasis. Since then, many
      investigations and observations have been made clinically as well as
      experimentally to clarify the process (or mechanisms) of tumor cell arrest and
      how to inhibit it. Coagulative and fibrinolytic pathways were believed to have a
      main role in thrombus formation. However, other factors responsible for the
      relationship between tumor cells and the host must be also considered. Elegant
      and extensive studies by Fidler and Kripke demonstrated that development of
      metastasis is not a random process, but a selection process of specialized
      subpopulations of highly metastatic cells within the primary tumors. Biochemical
      constituents and ionic properties on cell surfaces, deformability or locomotive
      activities of tumor cells, as well as thrombo-plastic-fibrinolytic activities,
      are also important factors determining the arrest patterns of circulating tumor
      cells. On the other hand, host defense factors against tumor cells in the
      bloodstream have been attracting much attention recently in tumor immunology.
      Host defense factors relating the arrest of tumor cells to the establishment of
      metastatic foci seemed difficult to define, since many studies showed
      contradictory data concerning the influence of immune response on tumor cell
      arrest. Hemodynamic abnormality may also influence the arrest of tumor cells in
      the circulation. Hypercoagulability induced from host tissues is greatly
      associated with the arrest patterns. Platelet activities might affect thrombus
      formation. Nevertheless, exact explanations of the process or mechanisms
      inhibiting or enhancing the arrest of tumor cells after hematogenous
      dissemination have not been obtained. In any event, for cancer treatment, it is
      important to determine which substances inhibit the arrest of circulating tumor
      cells and how to prevent hematogenous metastasis. In this review, we will focus
      upon coagulative and fibrinolytic processes and then upon substances that inhibit
      the arrest of circulating tumor cells. Furthermore, some comments on the possible
      clinical applications of inhibitory substances for prevention of cancer
      metastasis are added.

PMID- 6367969
TI  - Lymphatic metastasis.
AB  - Lymphatic metastasis is an important mechanism in the spread of human cancer.
      During its course, tumor cells first penetrate the basement of membrane of the
      epithelium, in which they arise, and then the underlying connective tissue,
      carried partly by hydrostatic pressure. They enter the lymphatic partly by active
      movement, pass up the lymphatic trunk; they then settle and proliferate in the
      subcapsular sinus, penetrate its endothelium and proliferate and destroy the
      node. There are varied forms of immune response in the node and in human nodes
      often a complex fibrous and vascular response. The degree of lymphocytic response
      may be important for prognosis. The nodal reaction may be stimulated by release
      of antigens from the tumor. One of the most studied animal models of lymphatic
      metastasis is that which occurs in the politeal node after injection of tumor
      into the footpad. This model has been used to show that tumor cells enter
      lymphatics through gaps in endothelium, probably between endothelial cells, and
      that lymph nodes can destroy small numbers of tumor cells. Local immunotherapy
      and chemotherapy can sterilize a lymph node of tumor cells; the modes of
      treatment used have included intralymphatic injection and encapsulation of
      chemotherapeutic agents in liposomes. Prior radiotherapy may accelerate
      metastasis possibly by making tumor cells shed into lymphatic vessels. Lymph
      nodes are rather poor barriers to tumor cells. The prognostic significance of
      lymph node metastasis varies within tumor type; if hematogenous metastasis is
      early, then the presence of lymph node metastasis is of lesser prognostic
      significance. Lymph nodes can probably destroy only small numbers of tumor cells.
      Tumor cell heterogeneity is of importance in many aspects of metastasis; while
      clonal variation may be of importance in determining lymph node metastasis, it is
      not yet clear how important this is, nor whether specific clones metastasize
      specifically to lymph nodes. Lymphography is well established in diagnosis of
      lymphatic metastasis. A recent interesting development has been to inject
      antibodies labeled with a radioactive label, and image the label in lymph nodes
      with a gamma-camera. If anti-tumor antibodies are used in this way it may be
      possible to detect lymph node metastasis. Within the expanding field of tumor
      metastasis, lymphatic metastasis needs much more attention, particularly in
      relation to the diagnosis and treatment of the lymphatic spread of human cancer.

PMID- 6367970
TI  - Effect of the antineoplastic agent methotrexate on experimental heterotopic new
      bone formation in rats.
AB  - Heterotopic new bone formation was induced by implanting pieces of demineralized
      bone matrix in the abdominal wall of 22 growing Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals
      were divided into three groups and were given, 24 hr after initiation of the bone
      induction process, a single i.v. injection of methotrexate, 100 or 250 mg/kg body
      weight, or placebo, followed after 2 hr by leucovorin rescue. A slight and
      transient arrest in weight gain was noted in the methotrexate-treated animals.
      New bone formation during 3 weeks after implantation was analyzed by the amount
      of ash in implants, and as a measure of bone formation at the end of the
      experiment, short-time incorporation of 45Ca and [3H]proline was used. The ash
      content of implants was reduced by 56 and 68% in the two methotrexate groups.
      Uptake of both nucleotides was also greatly reduced in heterotopic bone, whereas
      metaphysial and diaphysial tibia and teeth were not affected. The results
      indicate a pronounced inhibition of methotrexate on bone induction, persisting
      for at least 3 weeks. Methotrexate reduces the bone-forming potential, with
      possible consequences for the success of limb-saving surgery and fracture
      healing.

PMID- 6367971
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of cis-diammine-1,1-cyclobutane dicarboxylate platinum(II) in
      patients with normal and impaired renal function.
AB  - cis-Diammine-1,1-cyclobutane dicarboxylate platinum(II) (CBDCA, JM8) is a
      nonnephrotoxic analogue of cisplatin currently undergoing clinical evaluation.
      Pharmacokinetic studies have been performed in patients receiving CBDCA (20 to
      520 mg/sq m) as a 1-hr infusion without hydration or diuresis. Following the end
      of the infusion, plasma levels of total platinum and ultrafilterable (Mr less
      than 50,000) platinum (free platinum) decayed biphasically with first-order
      kinetics (total platinum t alpha 1/2 = 98 min; t beta 1/2 range, 399 to greater
      than 1440 min; free platinum t alpha 1/2 = 87 min; t beta 1/2 = 354 min). During
      the first four hr, binding of platinum to plasma protein was limited (24%), with
      most of the free platinum in the form of unchanged CBDCA (94%). However, by 24
      hr, the majority of platinum was protein bound (87%). The major route of
      elimination was renal, 65% of the platinum administered being excreted in the
      urine within 24 hr, with 32% of the dose excreted as unchanged CBDCA. No evidence
      was found from studies on the renal clearance of free platinum to indicate renal
      tubular secretion (mean free platinum renal clearance, 69 ml/min). However, the
      plasma clearance of free platinum did correlate positively with glomerular
      filtration rates (p = 0.005). None of the pharmacokinetic parameters determined
      were dose dependent. In vitro studies with plasma and urine demonstrated that, in
      contrast to cisplatin, CBDCA is a stable complex [t 1/2 - 37 degrees; plasma, 30
      hr, and urine (range), 20 to 460 hr]. The differences in the pharmacokinetics of
      cisplatin and CBDCA may explain why the latter complex is not nephrotoxic.

PMID- 6367973
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of levodopa.

PMID- 6367972
TI  - Glucose flux in relation to energy expenditure in malnourished patients with and
      without cancer during periods of fasting and feeding.
AB  - Glucose dynamics, energy metabolism, and nitrogen balance were studied in eight
      malnourished cancer patients and seven malnourished patients without cancer.
      Glucose flux was measured by single injection of [6-3H]glucose and [U
      14C]glucose. Energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry. Each
      patient was studied after an overnight fast and during constant gastric infusion
      of a formula diet. Cancer patients had elevated glucose flux when fasting,
      corresponding to 42% of their spontaneous daily intake of glucose. At least one
      half of the elevated flux in cancer patients compared with controls was due to
      increased recycling of glucose carbon after an overnight fast. Feeding doubled
      the total glucose flux in both cancer and control patients. The recycling was
      unchanged in the cancer group and disappeared in the controls during feeding. The
      increased glucose flux in cancer patients was concomitant with normal resting
      energy expenditure during periods of both fasting and feeding. Glucose flux in
      relation to energy expenditure was doubled in cancer patients compared to
      controls, and the glucose flux in fed cancer patients was similar to the rate of
      glucose infusion, which shows that the endogenous production of glucose was not
      inhibited. Cancer and control patients reached a comparable positive energy and
      nitrogen balance, allowing for their overall caloric intake. Our results show
      that cancer patients seem to have a characteristically increased glucose demand,
      which contributes to their weight loss when fasting. The energy drain by this
      elevated glucose flux can explain, as a maximum estimate, a loss of about 0.9 kg
      of body fat per 30-day period.

PMID- 6367974
TI  - Anticonvulsant drugs and chronic pain.

PMID- 6367975
TI  - A double-blind trial of clonazepam in benign essential tremor.
AB  - Clonazepam has been reported to be of some value in the treatment of benign
      essential tremor in open trials. The efficacy of clonazepam was evaluated in a
      double-blind placebo-controlled study using up to 4 mg/day. By a variety of
      objective measures, clonazepam was not found to be an effective form of therapy.

PMID- 6367976
TI  - Ergot, the "jerks," and revivals.
AB  - Epidemics of epilepsy, a form of mass hysteria, were known in Eastern and Western
      cultures in the 17th and 18th centuries. A unique situation in the United States
      during the 19th centurey was the frontier religious movement, the setting in
      which the "jerks" occurred. The "falling exercise," "dancing exercise," "barking
      exercise," "laughing exercise," and the "running exercise" centered around the
      excitement involved in the religious revival. During some exercises, people saw
      "visions," and exhibited bizarre behavior and sudden jerking motions. During the
      summers of 1801-1803 on the Kentucky frontier, some pioneers who attended the
      religious revival camp meetings had convulsions, hallucinations, tremors, jerks,
      compulsive dancing and "epileptic trances." Although these have been assumed to
      be psychological in origin, the epidemiology of the symptoms may correlate with
      the diagnosis of ergotism. Those affected were usually children and young adults.
      Symptoms of ergotism include giddiness, fatigue, depression, formications, muscle
      twitching, tonic spasms, convulsions, delirium, and loss of speech.

PMID- 6367977
TI  - High-dose melphalan with autologous bone marrow rescue for the treatment of
      advanced adult solid tumors.
AB  - High-dose melphalan followed by "rescue" with autologous marrow stored for 12-24
      hours at room temperature was used in the treatment of 14 patients with advanced
      tumors refractory to conventional treatment. Twelve patients were evaluable, with
      three complete responses (25%), five partial responses (42%), and two minimal
      responses (16%). Response durations ranged from 4 to 38 weeks (median, 7). There
      were two treatment-related deaths and one patient developed acute nonlymphocytic
      leukemia 3 months after a second course of high-dose melphalan.

PMID- 6367978
TI  - Conventional agents in lung cancer.

PMID- 6367979
TI  - Analysis of linkage positions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae D-mannans by the
      reductive-cleavage method.
AB  - The positions of linkage in the D-mannans derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
      X2180 and its mutants, mnn1, mnn2, and mnn4, were established by perethylation
      and subsequent reductive cleavage with triethylsilane in the presence of boron
      trifluoride etherate (BF3 . Et2O) or trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate.
      With the latter as the catalyst, all glycosidic carbon-oxygen bonds were cleaved,
      to produce a mixture of ethylated 1,5-anhydro-D-mannitol derivatives. With BF3 .
      Et2O as the catalyst, 2-, 3-, and 6-linked residues were incompletely cleaved,
      and residues linked at both O-2 and O-6 were not cleaved at all. It was concluded
      that reductive cleavage is an attractive method for determination of the
      structure of polysaccharides.

PMID- 6367980
TI  - Fractionation and characterization of galactoxylomannan from Cryptococcus
      neoformans.

PMID- 6367981
TI  - Genetic predisposition to cancer.
AB  - A minor fraction of cancer occurs in persons who have strong dominantly
      transmissible genetic predisposition. Retinoblastoma and Wilms' tumor are the
      most thoroughly studied examples. Hereditary cases involve mutations at the same
      chromosomal sites. In most carriers of mutation the change cannot be visualized;
      in some, it is a visible deletion. A significant fraction of nonhereditary cases
      involve deletion at the same site in tumor cells only, suggesting that mutation
      at this site is necessary for the initiation of tumor, whether hereditary or not.
      This may be a general model for human cancer. The initiating mutation is not
      sufficient, however, since only rare cells are transformed. A second event may be
      genetic, such that recessive loss of the gene occurs. A two-event genetic model
      for a major fraction of human cancers is also compatible with the well
      established, age-specific incidence of various cancers.

PMID- 6367982
TI  - Remote life-style causes of cancer.
AB  - Most epidemiologists regard more or less proximal variables as life-style factors
      -smoking, diet, sex behavior, occupation. Within this framework, life-style
      factors making for high risk of cancer are defined and presented. Three estimates
      of the contribution to cancer incidence by the major proximal causes are
      presented, using the variables specified by each estimator. For purposes of
      completeness and possible prevention action, however, intermediate and distant
      precursors should be considered--local ecology, culture, industrialization, etc.
      The possibility that stress may affect cancer risk is addressed and evidence
      presented to suggest that any contribution to risk, if it exists at all, is
      probably small.

PMID- 6367983
TI  - Radioimmunodiagnosis of ovarian cancer using 123I-labelled, tumor-associated
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies to epithelial cells, antigenic determinants labelled with
      I123 and I125, were administered to 10 immunodeficient mice bearing subcutaneous
      xenografts of human ovarian cancer. Radio scans of the body taken with a gamma
      camera at various time intervals demonstrated the presence of the cancer in all
      the mice. The smallest detectable tumor was approximately 1 mm in diameter. In a
      subsequent clinical study using 123I-labelled monoclonal antibodies in 10
      patients with ovarian cancer, tumor detection was achieved in 8 patients, with
      tumor uptake of labelled antibody ranging between 0.2-2.6%. As a complementary
      method to existing forms of diagnosis, the targeting of monoclonal antibodies to
      ovarian cancer cells in vivo raises the hope of achieving early diagnosis in
      otherwise undetectable ovarian cancer, and provides encouragement to the concept
      of selective therapy in oncology.

PMID- 6367984
TI  - A pancreatic oncofetal antigen (POA): its characterization and application for
      enzyme immunoassay.
AB  - We investigated the usefulness of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for pancreatic
      oncofetal antigen (POA). The crude POA isolated from POA-positive ascitic fluid
      of patients with pancreatic cancer was injected into rabbits to raise anti-POA
      serum. The adsorbed antiserum was used for EIA as anti-POA serum. For the
      establishment of EIA system for POA, anti-POA-Fab' fragment was conjugated to
      beta-D-galactosidase from Escherichia Coli. Normal subjects (205 controls) and
      132 patients (47 with pancreatic cancer, 22 with chronic pancreatitis, and 63
      with other malignant disease) were surveyed. The standard serum from patient M
      with pancreatic cancer was used in quantitatively determining serum POA levels;
      value was expressed arbitrarily as 1000U/ml. Normal upper limit of POA was
      defined as less than 400U/ml (mean + 2SD of normal subjects). POA level higher
      than normal was observed in 72% of patients with pancreatic cancer, 23-44% of
      patients with other malignant diseases, and 18% of patients with chronic
      pancreatitis. The susceptibility of the isolated POA to several enzymes and
      chemical reagents was also studied. These results suggest the usefulness of EIA
      for POA in diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

PMID- 6367985
TI  - Viruses as etiological factors in cancer.

PMID- 6367986
TI  - Nimesulide for treatment of acute inflammation of the upper respiratory tract.
AB  - In a double-blind, parallel four-day trial with 51 patients, the anti
      inflammatory, antiexudative, and antipyretic effects of nimesulide were compared
      with placebo in patients with acute inflammation of the upper respiratory tract.
      Patients who received nimesulide showed improvement in the signs and symptoms
      evaluated: pharyngeal redness, tonsillar redness, tonsillar swelling, hoarseness,
      sore throat, headache, and arthralgia. A statistically significant difference
      between nimesulide and placebo was evident for all parameters (P less than 0.01).
      The global use rating of the two drugs showed that nimesulide was useful in 22
      (92%) of 24 patients and that placebo was useful in four (16%) of 25 patients (P
      less than 0.01). There were no side effects associated with nimesulide; one
      placebo-treated patient had diarrhea and withdrew from the study, and one
      nimesulide-treated patient withdrew for nonmedical reasons. No variations in
      laboratory tests were noted.

PMID- 6367987
TI  - Multicenter evaluation of maprotiline hydrochloride for treatment of depression.
AB  - Maprotiline hydrochloride tablets were given to 266 patients with either a
      dysthymic disorder or a major depressive disorder. The mean starting dosage was
      70.2 mg/day in patients younger than 60 years of age and 68.6 mg/day in those
      aged 60 years and over. For patients completing at least four weeks of treatment,
      the mean final dosage was 127.6 mg/day in younger patients and 100.0 mg/day in
      geriatric patients. Follow-up evaluations of response and adverse effects were
      made at each of the following intervals after the start of therapy: one week, two
      to three weeks, four to five weeks, and six weeks or more. Assessment of response
      was based on the physicians' evaluations of overall improvement and improvement
      in sleep pattern, anxiety level, mood, and drive. Eighteen patients never
      returned and were excluded from all assessments. The remaining patients were
      evaluated for observations recorded within the foregoing time intervals. A rapid
      onset of action was evident in the fact that 73% of evaluated patients had at
      least a minimal response after one week of treatment, and after six weeks 76% had
      achieved moderate or marked improvement in their overall condition. Patients'
      sleeping patterns showed the most rapid and dramatic response, with 59% of
      evaluated patients improved after one week and 90% after six weeks of
      maprotiline. Anxiety decreased in 57% of patients after one week and in 81% after
      six weeks. Depression was reduced in 46% of evaluated patients after one week and
      in 86% after six weeks. Forty-one percent of patients exhibited more drive after
      one week of maprotiline and 78% did so after six weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6367988
TI  - Sampling of porous hard tissues in vitro by acid etching.

PMID- 6367990
TI  - [Bone metabolism after kidney transplantation].

PMID- 6367989
TI  - Simultaneous determination of leu-enkephalin localization and [3H] gamma
      aminobutyric acid uptake in rat striatal cell cultures.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the coexistence of gamma
      aminobutyric acid (GABA) and leu-enkephalin in single neurons from the corpus
      striatum. Monolayer cell cultures, started from newborn rat corpus striatum, were
      grown in serum-free medium and examined using GABA autoradiography and leu
      enkephalin immunocytochemistry in a double-label protocol. Examples of cells were
      found which were positive for one or the other neurotransmitter or for neither
      transmitter, but not for both. Furthermore, cells which appear similar by
      morphological criteria alone differed in transmitter specificity. We conclude
      that the two transmitters tested are not localized within single cells and that
      morphology alone is inadequate to identify functional cell classes in this area.

PMID- 6367991
TI  - [Serotonin antagonists in the treatment of hypertension].

PMID- 6367992
TI  - [Causes of death in Morasice in the Znojmo District from 1904 to 1949].

PMID- 6367993
TI  - [Physico-chemical properties of oxygen and protective mechanisms of the body
      against its toxicity].

PMID- 6367994
TI  - Ciliated and microvillous structures of rat olfactory and nasal respiratory
      epithelia. A study using ultra-rapid cryo-fixation followed by freeze
      substitution or freeze-etching.
AB  - The olfactory epithelium of the Sprague-Dawley rat showed structures which
      indicate that freeze-substitution after ultra-rapid cryo-fixation is a better
      method for its preservation than conventional fixation techniques. A new feature
      is that matrices of the distal parts of olfactory cilia range in their staining
      intensity from very dense to electron-lucent. Outlines of structures are smooth
      and membrane features can be clearly seen. The textures of mucus from olfactory
      and respiratory epithelia are distinctly different after freeze-fracturing and
      deep-etching following cryo-fixation. Olfactory cilia show no microtubule
      attached axonemal structures. Cross-sectional diameters are smaller after freeze
      substitution than after freeze-fracturing. Intramembranous particle densities are
      lower in nine regions of three cell types in cryo-fixed olfactory and respiratory
      epithelia than in those chemically fixed and cryoprotected. The fracture faces of
      membranes from etched, cryo-fixed cells have holes, a result which probably
      accounts for differences in particle density between cryo-fixed and chemically
      fixed, cryo-protected cells. Particle diameters are usually the same using both
      methods. Densities of intramembranous particles and particles plus holes are
      highest in supporting cell processes, followed by endings and cilia of olfactory
      receptor cells, and are lowest in respiratory cilia. Particle densities at outer
      and inner surfaces are higher than those in either fracture face. Outer surfaces
      show a good correlation from region to region with densities summated over both
      fracture faces.

PMID- 6367995
TI  - Immunocytochemistry of a "private" luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone system
      in the pituitary.
AB  - Immunocytochemistry of paraffin sections of Bouin-fixed rat pituitaries with
      antiserum to luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) revealed two types of
      cells. Type I cells exhibit granular staining throughout their cytoplasm. The
      immunoreactivity of type II cells is confined to a much smaller area of the
      cytoplasm. Type I cells are located in the ventral margin of the pars intermedia,
      the region between the pars intermedia and the pars distalis, and the pars
      distalis adjacent to this region. Type II cells have a broader distribution in
      the pars distalis, but tend to concentrate in the region of the pars distalis
      near the pars intermedia. Type I cells are distinct from gonadotropes. Type II
      cells appear to comprise a subgroup of gonadotropes. Staining in type I, but not
      type II, cells in pituitary explants, maintained in serum-free media for seven
      days, is as intense as that in normal pituitary tissue. The data suggest that the
      type I cells are producing an intrinsic LHRH-like material and may be
      responsible, in part, for the regulation of some gonadotropes.

PMID- 6367996
TI  - Distribution and projections of neurons with immunoreactivity for both gastrin
      releasing peptide and bombesin in the guinea-pig small intestine.
AB  - Bombesin-like and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)-like immunoreactivities were
      localized in nerves of the guinea-pig small intestine and celiac ganglion with
      the use of antibodies raised against the synthetic peptides. The anti-bombesin
      serum (preincubated to avoid cross reactivity with substance P) and the anti-GRP
      serum revealed the same population of neurons. Preincubation of the anti-bombesin
      serum with bombesin abolished the immunoreactivity in nerves while absorption of
      the anti-GRP serum with either bombesin or the 14-27 C-terminal of GRP only
      reduced the immunoreactivity. The immunoreactivity was abolished by incubation
      with GRP 1-27. Immunoreactive nerves were found in the myenteric plexus, circular
      muscle, submucous plexus and in the celiac ganglion. Faintly reactive nerve cell
      bodies were found in the myenteric ganglia (3.2% of all neurons) but not in
      submucous ganglia. After all ascending and descending pathways in the myenteric
      plexus had been cut, reactive terminals disappeared in the myenteric plexus,
      circular muscle (including the deep muscular plexus) and the submucous plexus on
      the anal side. After the mesenteric nerves were cut no changes were observed in
      the intestinal wall but the reactive fibres in celiac ganglia disappeared. It is
      deduced that GRP/bombesin-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies in myenteric ganglia
      project from the myenteric plexus to other myenteric ganglia situated further
      anally (average length 12 mm), anally to the circular muscle (average length 9
      mm), anally to submucous ganglia (average length 13 mm) and external to the
      intestine to the celiac ganglia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6367997
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of neurons in the nervous system of the Colorado
      potato beetle with antisera against FMRFamide and bovine pancreatic polypeptide.
AB  - Particular neurons in the nervous system of the Colorado potato beetle,
      Leptinotarsa decemlineata, are recognized by antisera against bovine pancreatic
      polypeptide and FMRFamide. Both antisera react with the same neurons. Solid phase
      absorptions showed that antiserum against bovine pancreatic polypeptide cross
      reacts with FMRFamide, whereas antiserum against FMRFamide cross-reacts with
      bovine pancreatic polypeptide. Some of the immunoreactive neurons have axons
      branching extensively within the neuropile, which suggests that the peptide is
      used as transmitter. In the corpus cardiacum, a neurohaemal organ in insects,
      numerous immunoreactive axon terminals are present. Here, the peptide material is
      presumably released as a hormone.

PMID- 6367998
TI  - Interstitial and parenchymal cells in the pineal gland of the golden hamster. A
      combined thin-section, freeze-fracture and immunofluorescence study.
AB  - A combined thin-section/freeze-fracture study was performed on the superficial
      pineal gland of the golden hamster, comparing the parenchymal and interstitial
      cells of this animal with those previously investigated in rats. In contrast to
      rats, no gap junctions and gap/tight junction combinations could be found between
      pineal parenchymal cells of the hamster. Furthermore, the interstitial cells of
      the hamster pineal gland were found to have large flat cytoplasmic processes,
      which abut over large areas equipped with tight junctions. In thin sections,
      profiles of interstitial cell processes were seen to surround groups of
      pinealocytes. Interstitial cells and their sheet-like, tight junction-sealed
      processes thus appear to delimit lobule-like compartments of the hamster pineal
      gland. Because the classification of the interstitial cells uncertain, the
      expression of several markers characteristic of mature and immature astrocytes
      and astrocyte subpopulations has been investigated by indirect immunohistology.
      Many of the non-neuronal elements in the pineal gland are vimentin-positive glial
      cells, subpopulations of which express glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA) and
      C1 antigen. The astroglial character of these cells is supported by the lack of
      expression of markers for neuronal, meningeal and endothelial cells. M1 antigen
      positive cells have not been detected.

PMID- 6367999
TI  - Immunofluorescent patterns of clathrin and dopamine beta-hydroxylase in
      chromaffin cells in culture.
AB  - Bovine chromaffin cells maintained in culture for eight days were loaded with
      [3H]noradrenaline and then stimulated by a depolarizing concentration (56 mM) of
      K+. Control and stimulated cells were fixed in 3.7% formaldehyde, treated with
      acetone or Triton X-100, and then exposed to antibodies raised against dopamine
      beta-hydroxylase (a secretory granule marker) and clathrin, and purified by
      affinity chromatography. The cellular distribution of the correspondent antigens
      was investigated by indirect immunofluorescence. Cells treated with anti-dopamine
      beta-hydroxylase exhibited a granular pattern of fluorescence in the cytosol of
      the cell body, neurites, and terminal cones. Chromaffin cells exposed to anti
      clathrin also showed a punctate pattern of fluorescence staining. However, in
      this case, the fluorescent dots were smaller than those observed with anti
      dopamine beta-hydroxylase, and they were differently distributed. The speckled
      anti-clathrin fluorescence was preferentially condensed in the juxtanuclear
      region of the cell bodies, suggesting the possibility that clathrin was
      concentrated at the level of the Golgi apparatus. The stimulation of cultured
      chromaffin cells by 10 pulses of 56 mM K+ produced 91 +/- 2% (n = 5) depletion in
      the [3H]noradrenaline cell content and a concomitant displacement of the dopamine
      beta-hydroxylase fluorescence to the periphery of the cells. Four days after cell
      stimulation the dopamine beta-hydroxylase fluorescence was similar to that
      observed in control cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6368000
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of dipeptidyl peptidase IV in rat salivary glands by
      immunocytochemistry.
AB  - The ultrastructural localization of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) (EC
      3.4.14.5) in rat submandibular and parotid glands was studied
      immunocytochemically by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method, using a
      monospecific antiserum against rat kidney DPP IV. There were no differences in
      the immunocytochemical localization of DPP IV between submandibular and parotid
      glands. In these glands, DPP IV was primarily found to be associated with the
      luminal and intercellular canalicular plasma membranes of acinar cells and with
      the luminal plasma membranes of intercalated and striated duct cells.
      Occasionally, immunoreaction of DPP IV was detected in cytoplasmic vesicles
      (vacuoles), lysosomes, and multivesicular bodies in some acinar cells as well as
      in ductal epithelial cells. Furthermore, the reaction product was also found
      within the lumina of peri-acinar and peri-ductal capillaries and in the cytoplasm
      of some fibroblasts in the interstitial connective tissue. These data suggest
      that DPP IV in the submandibular and parotid glands may play some role in the
      secretion or reabsorption processes of secretory proteins and peptides in these
      glands.

PMID- 6368001
TI  - Ultimobranchial gland of the domestic fowl. Two types of secretory cells involved
      in calcitonin metabolism.
AB  - The ultimobranchial gland (UBG) of birds is particularly rich in calcitonin, the
      hypocalcaemic hypophosphataemic hormone, that is secreted by the C-cells of the
      mammalian thyroid. The principal cells of the UBG have a striking resemblance
      with the mammalian C-cells, i.e., they possess small intracytoplasmic dense-core
      secretory granules, 150-300 nm in diameter. The gland also contains a second,
      morphologically distinct, endocrine cell type with larger granules, 500-800 nm in
      diameter. A sensitive immunocytochemical reaction was developed with the use of
      antibodies against salmon calcitonin. By means of this technique the presence of
      calcitonin-immunoreactive molecules was demonstrated in both secretory cell types
      of the UB gland of the chicken. This gland can thus be considered as a
      homogeneous calcitonin-producing tissue. Whether the secretory products are
      identical is discussed and differences in the secretory pathways are suggested.

PMID- 6368002
TI  - Clinical falciparum malaria. Its severity, types, splenomegaly, association with
      malnutrition and criteria for diagnosis.

PMID- 6368003
TI  - Bacterial leader peptidase, a membrane protein without a leader peptide, uses the
      same export pathway as pre-secretory proteins.
AB  - Leader peptidase typifies a group of proteins of the plasma membrane of E. coli
      which span the membrane and are synthesized without a cleaved amino-terminal
      leader (signal) sequence. The membrane assembly properties of these proteins have
      not been previously reported. We find that the membrane electrochemical potential
      is necessary for the insertion of a large domain of leader peptidase across the
      membrane. In the absence of potential, the peptidase accumulates inside the cell
      in tight association with the plasma membrane. Upon restoration of the potential,
      accumulated peptidase inserts across the membrane, indicating that this insertion
      is not mechanistically coupled to polypeptide chain growth. The normal, trans
      bilayer peptidase and that which accumulates in the absence of potential have
      different conformations, as shown by the relative resistance of the trans-bilayer
      enzyme to digestion by trypsin or chymotrypsin in cell lysates. Membrane
      insertion is accompanied by this conformational change. This assembly reaction
      has several features predicted by the hypothesis of membrane-triggered folding.

PMID- 6368004
TI  - Yeast promoters: positive and negative elements.

PMID- 6368005
TI  - Antigen-independent leukocyte random locomotion inhibitory activity in human
      ultrafiltrated leukocyte extracts.
AB  - Human ultrafiltrated leukocyte extracts (MW less than 5000) were fractionated by
      Sephadex G-10 column chromatography and the effects of these fractions on
      leukocyte random locomotion were investigated in vitro. Fr-4, one of these
      fractions, had significant leukocyte random locomotion inhibitory activity,
      independent of the presence of mononuclear leukocytes. This inhibitory activity
      was not due to cytotoxic effects on leukocytes. As seen by scanning electron
      microscopy, the number of cell surface pseudopods on leukocytes incubated with Fr
      4 was reduced. Fr-4A, one of three fractions separated from Fr-4 by Sephadex G-25
      column chromatography, significantly inhibited leukocyte random locomotion. Fr-4A
      contained numerous components, one of which was identified as 2-deoxyribose, on
      the basis of thin-layer chromatography. Biologically 2-deoxyribose showed an
      inhibitory effect on leukocyte locomotion and a reduction of the extrusion of
      pseudopods on the surface of leukocytes, at the range of assayed concentrations.
      This inhibitory activity is probably derived from 2-deoxyribose.

PMID- 6368006
TI  - Increased expression of HLA-DR antigens in hydrocortisone-treated monocytes.
AB  - Human peripheral blood monocytes incubated overnight with hydrocortisone had an
      increased expression of HLA-DR antigens. This change was noted as an increased
      proportion of DR-positive staining monocytes at greater fluorescence intensities
      as determined on a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Hydrocortisone treatment
      of monocytes did not alter the expression of another Ia antigen on monocytes, HLA
      DS. Neither did hydrocortisone treatment alter the expression of either Mac 120
      antigen or monocyte .2 antigen on monocytes. Thus, the effect of hydrocortisone
      on monocyte DR antigens may be somewhat selective. Hydrocortisone also caused an
      increase in monocyte cell size after 3 to 4 days as compared to untreated
      controls.

PMID- 6368007
TI  - Production of human/mouse hybridomas secreting a human lymphokine, osteoclast
      activating factor.
AB  - A human/mouse hybridoma was developed which has the property of secreting a human
      bone resorbing factor similar or identical to the osteoclast activating factor
      (OAF) isolated from human tonsil lymphocytes. Mouse plasmacytoma cells negative
      for OAF production were fused with an enriched subpopulation of human tonsil
      lymphocytes that had been activated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) to produce OAF
      (G.E. Nedwin, M.A. Mohler, and R.A. Luben, submitted for publication). Culture
      supernatants from mixed hybridomas contained a bone resorbing protein shown to
      cause the release of 45Ca from previously labeled mouse calvaria. The bone
      resorbing activity from these hybridomas was inhibited by the presence of OAF
      specific monoclonal antibodies. Several hybridomas retained OAF production
      following limited dilution cloning. One clone, CD6.20, showed a biphasic dose
      response curve for bone resorption similar to that of purified OAF from PHA
      activated human tonsil lymphocytes. OAF production in the CD6.20 cell line has
      been retained for over 100 passages. Karyotype analysis of this cell shows the
      presence of human chromosomes 10 and 18 and the X chromosome.

PMID- 6368008
TI  - Radiation effects on regeneration and T-cell-inducing function of the thymus.
AB  - Radiation effects on regeneration and T-cell-inducing function of the thymus were
      studied in three sets of experiments. When TXB mice were grafted with 1-week-old
      thymus which had been previously irradiated at various doses, an exponential
      decrease was observed in the morphological regeneration of the thymus grafts and
      in their T-cell-inducing function at doses of 600 R and over, showing about 10%
      that of the control at 1500 R. When in situ thymus of adult mice was locally
      irradiated, the radiation effect on T-cell-inducing function was less pronounced
      as compared with the first experiment; i.e., about 40% of the control at 1797 R.
      When in situ thymus of 1-day-old newborn mice was locally irradiated,
      regeneration potential of 1-day-old newborn thymus was highly resistant to
      radiation exposure and no effect on immunological functions was observed even by
      local irradiation of 2000 R.

PMID- 6368009
TI  - Calmodulin localization in bone and cartilage.
AB  - The localization of calmodulin (CaM), a calcium-dependent regulatory protein, was
      demonstrated in the following rat skeletal tissues by the indirect
      immunofluorescence method: a) growth plate cartilage of fetal and juvenile long
      bones, b) fetal epiphyseal cartilage, c) juvenile hyaline costal cartilage, d)
      neonatal mandibular condylar cartilage, e) neonatal diaphyseal lamellar bone. CaM
      was not detected in perichondrial and periosteal cells. Mature and mineralizing
      chondrocytes demonstrated the highest labelling intensities.

PMID- 6368010
TI  - Differential labelling of trypanosome microtubules using tubulin subunit
      monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 6368011
TI  - Different expression of cell surface fibronectin in spontaneously and X-ray
      transformed cells.
AB  - The presence of cell surface fibronectin was examined by indirect
      immunofluorescence in 8 groups of related rat fibroblast lines expressing an in
      vitro transformed phenotype. The transformed cells were selected for anchorage
      independent growth either after X-ray treatment (X-ray transformed cells) or from
      control cultures (spontaneously transformed cells). All transformed fibroblasts
      of the latter class showed reduced expression of fibronectin at the cell surface,
      whereas most of the X-ray transformed derivatives exhibited a fibronectin
      positive phenotype, like the untransformed parents. Moreover, from the
      fibronectin-negative spontaneously transformed cells, ouabain-resistant variants
      were isolated, the majority of which had regained the capacity to form an
      extracellular matrix of fibronectin. These results emphasize the variability in
      the properties of transformed cells and suggest that the properties of in vitro
      transformed cells may depend on the cause of transformation.

PMID- 6368012
TI  - Negatively charged RNase-susceptible molecules on the surface of ascites tumor
      cells.
AB  - RNase-susceptible ionogenic groups on the cell surface membranes of two leukemic
      and two nonleukemic strains of ascites tumor cells were studied by cell
      electrophoresis, DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column and paper chromatography, and indirect
      membrane immunofluorescence. RNase treatment of the nonleukemic ascites tumor
      cells (Ehrlich ascites tumor and Sarcoma 180) produced a significant reduction in
      their electrophoretic mobilities. When the cells were labeled with [3H]uridine
      then incubated with RNase, there was a marked increased in the radioactive
      nucleotides present in the incubation medium as compared to the results of the
      experiment with RNase-untreated controls. Indirect membrane immunofluorescence
      studies of nonleukemic ascites tumor cells suggest that the sites that react with
      anti-RNA antibody are distributed diffusely on their surfaces. RNase treatment of
      these cells markedly reduced their ability to react with the antibody. It thus
      appears that RNAs are present on the surface membrane of nonleukemic ascites
      tumor cells and that RNase digests these RNAs, removing negatively charged
      nucleotides from their electrophoretic surfaces. This results in a reduction in
      mobility. In contrast, leukemic ascites cells (L1210 and C1498) incubated with
      RNase showed no significant change in mobility or in the amount of nucleotides
      released into the incubation medium. Moreover, no fluorescence was found on the
      surface of cells examined by indirect membrane immunofluorescence. This suggests
      that leukemic ascites cells are devoid of RNAs on their surface.

PMID- 6368013
TI  - Monoclonal antibody against microtubule associated protein-1 produces
      immunofluorescent spots in the nucleus and centrosome of cultured mammalian
      cells.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody was raised against the highest molecular weight protein
      associated with microtubules (MAP-1). Its specific binding to MAP-1 was
      determined by immunoblotting of the gel electrophoretogram of microtubule
      proteins prepared from porcine brain. The antibody reacted only with MAP-1, not
      with MAP-2, tau or tubulin. Indirect immunofluorescent staining by this antibody
      showed bright intranuclear spots, the centrosome and the faint meshwork of the
      cytoplasm in several types of cultured mammalian cells; HeLa, PtK2, human skin
      fibroblasts, mouse melanoma cells, Chinese hamster ovary cells. The nuclear spots
      in the interphase cells, were replaced by diffuse enhanced fluorescence
      throughout the cell except for chromosomes during mitosis. They reappeared in
      late telophase, first in the cytoplasm, late in the nucleus. The punctate pattern
      of nuclear immunofluorescence was not affected by microtubule-depolymerizing
      agents. The result that it persisted on residual cell structures after extraction
      with a high salt concentration buffer containing Triton X-100 followed by
      digestion with DNase I and RNase A suggests that the antigen is associated with
      the nuclear skeleton.

PMID- 6368014
TI  - A morphological study of ferritin synthesis in macrophages with ingested ferric
      hydroxide-potassium polyvinyl sulfate complexes.
AB  - A ferric hydroxide-polyvinyl sulfate colloidal solution (Fe-PVS), prepared by
      mixing potassium polyvinyl sulfate (PVSK) and ferric hydroxide colloidal solution
      was used to study ferritin synthesis in rat peritoneal macrophages. The colloidal
      particles had spherical electron opaque ferric hydroxide cores with diameters of
      about 250 nm surrounded by radially arranged fibrous PVS molecules. They also had
      strong negative electric charges. Fe-PVS particles injected into the peritoneal
      cavity were taken up by the macrophages then disintegrated rapidly. In the
      phagolysosomes the electron opaque ferric hydroxide cores of Fe-PVS were denuded
      of their PVS frames then decomposed into small 5-6 nm granules 24 to 48 h after
      injection. These small granules were released from the lysosomes into the
      hyaloplasm and the myelin figures were found in the lysosomal vacuoles. No
      reaccumulation of granules in lysosomes was found even 3 months later. The
      intracellular distribution of ferritin in macrophages demonstrated by the
      immunocytochemical method showed a pattern similar to that of the small granules
      formed by the disintegration of Fe-PVS. This means that in rat peritoneal
      macrophages that contain ingested Fe-PVS particles ferritin first is synthesized
      in phagolysosomes by the ferric hydroxide cores that conjugate with apoferritin
      or protein subunits then they are dispersed into the cytoplasm. Two possible
      pathways for the biosynthesis of ferritin are discussed.

PMID- 6368015
TI  - [The direct effect of insulin on the ovary and the pathogenesis of the polycystic
      ovary syndrome].

PMID- 6368016
TI  - [Regeneration and transplantation in the central nervous system of mammals.
      Prognostic considerations].

PMID- 6368017
TI  - Molecular characterization of renin in plasma and kidney of sodium-restricted
      rats.

PMID- 6368019
TI  - Information management and communication technology in nursing.

PMID- 6368018
TI  - [Cicatrization of the spleen after reconstructive surgery. Experimental study on
      rats].
AB  - In view of the importance of safeguarding the spleen, cicatrization of splenic
      tissue was studied by serial histological sections after different reconstructive
      surgery techniques in the rat.

PMID- 6368020
TI  - [Blastocystis hominis: morphological study using optical and electron
      microscopy].
AB  - Blastocystis hominis is a member of the phylum Protozoa as described by Zierdt et
      al. Despite the complexity of its yet not well defined biological cycle,
      Blastocystis was found to possess all the structures characterizing protozoans.
      The physiochemical and biological growth conditions are those of many protozoans.
      The high degree of cell differentiation is probably due to the existence of two
      reproduction modes.

PMID- 6368021
TI  - [Lymphocytotoxic antibodies in malaria].
AB  - We applied the microlymphocytotoxicity method to the detection of lymphocytotoxic
      antibodies in case of 37 patients with acute malaria or 61 patients who sojourned
      in endemic malaria area and presented antibodies against plasmodial antigens
      (indirect immunofluorescence test greater than or equal to 1/20). Lymphocytotoxic
      antibodies were found in 16 patients of the first group and their occurrence may
      explain the lymphopenia and to a lesser extent the neutropenia and thrombopenia
      observed in some cases. In the second group lymphocytotoxic antibodies were
      present in 9 cases. In all samples no anti-HLA specificity was evidenced. Four
      patients were submitted to auto-cross-match test and 3 were found positive
      suggesting that among these antibodies some are auto-antibodies with anti
      lymphocyte specificity.

PMID- 6368022
TI  - [The peculiar features of Plasmodium vivax on the Cambodian-Thailand frontier
      (Sokh-Sann region)].
AB  - The authors report an untypical strain of Plasmodium vivax found in the area of
      Sokh-Sann (Thai-Cambodian border). This strain is remarkable by: multiple
      infections and two chromatin dots occur commonly in the early trophozoite stage;
      the pigment is coarser and darker in the older stages, and Schuffner dots are
      seldom found. The incubation period is longer and the symptomatology more severe.

PMID- 6368023
TI  - [Babesiasis, pediatric malaria: does confusion exist in Africa?].
AB  - The authors describe a case of febrile disease acquired by a nursling in Africa:
      was it induced by Pl. falciparum or by Babesia sp.? In spite of numerous
      microscopic and serological appraisals from veterinary and medical authorities,
      it is difficult to state definitively this subject, but it is more probably a
      babesiosis of canine or rodent origin.

PMID- 6368024
TI  - [Computed x-ray tomography and multiple sclerosis. Classical data].

PMID- 6368025
TI  - [Etiology and physiopathology of non-insulin-dependent diabetes].

PMID- 6368026
TI  - [Fate of the human corneal endothelium during perforating keratoplasty. Study
      using specular microscopy (apropos of 45 cases)].

PMID- 6368027
TI  - [Extra-capsular cataract operation using an artificial crystallin lens and 4 loop
      sutures of the iris. Safety method--apropos of 60 cases].

PMID- 6368028
TI  - [Suturing in blockage syndromes. Experience based on 7 years and 130 cases].

PMID- 6368029
TI  - [Free skin graft. A simple solution for forming the eyelid].

PMID- 6368030
TI  - 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, and BCNU (FAB) combination chemotherapy for advanced
      gastric cancer.
AB  - Thirty-two evaluable patients with advanced measurable gastric adenocarcinoma
      were treated with a combination of 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, and BCNU (FAB).
      Two complete and fourteen partial responses were observed, with an overall
      response rate of 50%. The median duration of response was 10 months, and the
      median survival of all 32 patients, 7 months. Responding patients had
      significantly better survival than the nonresponders (P less than 0.001).
      Analysis of the results according to pretreatment performance status,
      resectability of the primary tumor, and histologic differentiation of the
      malignancy demonstrates that only the first influenced the therapeutic results.
      The FAB regimen was well tolerated, allowing administration of nearly the whole
      of the projected drug dosages during the course of the therapy in all but three
      patients. These results indicate that the FAB combination is an effective
      chemotherapeutic regimen in metastatic or locally advanced gastric carcinoma.
      Incorporation of this regimen into the design of combined-modality treatment
      would result in improved prognosis.

PMID- 6368031
TI  - Caffeic and ferulic acid as blockers of nitrosamine formation.
AB  - Caffeic acid and ferulic acid, which are naturally occurring phenols present in a
      wide variety of plants, were examined for their ability to react with nitrite in
      vitro and to inhibit nitrosamine formation in vivo. Their activities were
      compared with other phenols (butylated hydroxyanisole and Trolox) and with a non
      phenolic polyhydroxylated compound, glycerol guaiacolate. In simulated gastric
      fluid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid reacted rapidly and completely with an
      equimolar quantity of sodium nitrite. In rats receiving aminopyrine and nitrite,
      caffeic acid and ferulic acid blocked the elevation of serum N
      nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) levels and the serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase
      levels associated with hepatotoxicity. Neither phenol had any effect on serum
      levels of NDMA in rats treated with NDMA. In both the in vitro (reaction with
      nitrite) and in vivo (inhibition of hepatotoxicity) systems, caffeic acid was
      more effective than ferulic acid. Butylated hydroxyanisole and Trolox were
      partially effective, and glycerol guaiacolate was inactive. The results of this
      study suggest that dietary caffeic acid and ferulic acid may play a role in the
      body's defense against carcinogenesis by inhibiting the formation of N-nitroso
      compounds.

PMID- 6368032
TI  - The differential mutagenicity of isoniazid in fluctuation assays and Salmonella
      plate tests.
AB  - The anti-tuberculostatic drug, isoniazid (INH) was evaluated for its mutagenic
      potential using Salmonella plate tests and fluctuation assays with various
      strains of bacteria, and different metabolic activation systems. In the
      Salmonella plate test INH proved to be a weak directly-acting base-substitution
      mutagen which was detoxified by S9-mix. S. typhimurium TA 1530 and TA 1535 were
      the sensitive strains, and this result confirmed some of the published data. In
      the present studies mutagenic activity was further diminished in the presence of
      larger concentrations of rat liver S9-mix. Furthermore, the reduction in
      mutagenic activity was observed with S9-mix derived from untreated, Aroclor 1254
      treated or phenobarbitone/beta-naphthoflavone treated rats. In direct contrast,
      using the microtitre fluctuation assay, the mutagenic activity of INH was
      elevated in the presence of rat liver S9-mix, and continued to increase with
      increasing S9-concentration. This result was obtained irrespective of the S9
      source. S. typhimurium strains TA 1530, TA 1535 and his G46, and E. coli strains
      TA 85, TA 86 and WP2 uvrA were all sensitive to the mutagenicity of INH after
      metabolic activation. The primary step in the metabolic activation of INH in the
      fluctuation test was mediated by a cytosolic enzyme, and the activity of dapsone
      as a competitive substrate implicated the involvement of an N-acetyl transferase.
      The rapid diffusion of the cytosolic enzyme into the basal agar layer, or the non
      specific binding of the enzyme (or the active mutagenic INH metabolite) to
      components of the agar, may explain the contradictory data obtained in the
      Salmonella plate test. The modifying effects of agar on the distribution of drug
      metabolising enzymes within liver S9 fractions should be carefully considered
      when evaluating data from Salmonella plate tests.

PMID- 6368033
TI  - Oncogene activation and tumor progression.

PMID- 6368034
TI  - Mitotic aneuploidy as a possible mechanism for tumour promoting activity in bile
      acids.
AB  - A range of conjugated and free bile acids were assayed for their ability to
      induce a variety of genetic endpoints in growing cells of yeast. None of the bile
      acids showed any activity in assays for the induction of mitotic crossing-over
      and mutation whereas the free bile acids lithocholic, chenodeoxycholic,
      deoxycholic and cholic acid were potent inducers of mitotic chromosome
      aneuploidy. In contrast, both conjugated bile acids, taurodeoxycholic and
      glycodeoxycholic lacked the ability to induce mitotic aneuploidy. When the
      potency of the free bile acids were compared, lithocholic and chenodeoxycholic
      acids showed higher levels of induction of mitotic aneuploidy per lethal event
      compared with cholic and deoxycholic acids. In view of the previously observed
      correlation between the ability of a chemical to induce chromosome aneuploidy and
      tumour promotional activity, the results indicate that the levels of free bile
      acids in the colon may be significant factors in the etiology of colonic cancer.

PMID- 6368035
TI  - Factors influencing the mutagenic activity of the colon carcinogen 1,2
      dimethylhydrazine in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA 1535 in vitro.
AB  - The colon carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (SMDH), a non-mutagen in the standard
      Ames assay, has been shown in previous experiments to become weakly mutagenic in
      Salmonella TA 1535 in vitro, when specific test conditions were used. The present
      studies were performed to determine more precisely the nature of metabolic
      factors and experimental conditions for optimal mutagenesis of SDMH in the same
      strain of Salmonella. First, it was confirmed that both the presence of rat liver
      S9 fractions (25 microliters/ml incubation mixture) and prolonged pre-incubation
      periods in liquid medium of at least 120 min were necessary to elicit SDMH
      mutagenesis. In contrast to results obtained with dimethylnitrosamine, which
      served as a model compound for the activation through oxidative, cytochrome P-450
      and NADPH-dependent enzymatic processes, the activation of SDMH to mutagenic
      factors was not dependent on the presence of NADPH: in fact, NADPH strongly
      reduced the SDMH-induced mutation yields. It was also observed that growth of the
      indicator bacteria is an important prerequisite for mutation induction by SDMH.
      Aminoacetonitrile and disulfiram, two inhibitors of SDMH metabolism and
      carcinogenicity in mammals, also strongly inhibited SDMH mutagenesis in the
      present in vitro assay. It can, therefore, be concluded that (i) the right test
      protocol is of crucial importance for the detection of SDMH as a bacterial
      mutagen, and (ii) that activation pathways in vitro are (partially) different
      from presumed in vivo metabolism and activation.

PMID- 6368036
TI  - In vitro effects of N-acetylcysteine on the mutagenicity of direct-acting
      compounds and procarcinogens.
AB  - N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione were
      negative in the Ames test with 7 Salmonella strains, while L-cysteine was
      activated by rat liver S-9 fractions to metabolites mutagenic to strains TA102,
      TA97 and TA100. The mutagenic response in S. typhimurium strains (TA1535, TA98,
      TA100, TA102) and the levels of enzyme activities, responsible for NADP+ or GSSG
      reduction and for the utilization of NADPH or GSH in rat liver S-9 fractions,
      were investigated following in vitro preincubation of NAC with four direct-acting
      mutagens and six procarcinogens. Treatment with this nucleophilic and reducing
      compound resulted in a dose-related decrease of the direct mutagenicity of
      epichlorohydrin, hydrogen peroxide and, sharply, of 4-nitroquinolino-N-oxide and
      sodium dichromate. The mutagenicity of these compounds, both in the absence and
      in the presence of NAC, was decreased by rat liver S-9 fractions and to some
      extent by lung S-9 fractions. A diphasic effect was observed in the case of
      procarcinogens (cyclophosphamide, 2-aminofluorene, cigarette smoke condensate,
      Trp-P-2, aflatoxin B1 and benzo[a]pyrene), i.e., an enhancement of S-9 requiring
      mutagenicity at intermediate NAC doses, which could be ascribed to metabolic
      factors acting in vitro, and a loss of mutagenicity at high NAC doses, which
      could be ascribed to trapping of electrophilic metabolites. Out of the five S-9
      enzyme activities under study, i.e., glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6
      phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, GSH peroxidase and GSSG reductase,
      only the last one showed significant changes following mutagen and/or NAC
      treatment.

PMID- 6368038
TI  - Effect of hemorrhagic shock on endotoxin-induced pulmonary hypertension and
      increased vascular permeability in unanesthetized sheep.
AB  - The lung is very susceptible to sepsis or endotoxin injury in the trauma patient.
      We studied the effect of an episode of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation on the
      prostaglandin-induced pulmonary hypertension and leukocyte-induced increased
      permeability phase of endotoxin lung injury. Eight unanesthetized sheep with
      chronic lung lymph fistula were bled 50% of blood volume for 2 hr, then
      resuscitated. Thromboxane, TxA2, levels increased from 0.1 to 0.6 ng/ml during
      shock, while blood white cell count decreased. Both parameters returned to
      baseline while lung lymph flow increased twofold during resuscitation with lymph
      being protein-poor, indicating no increase in permeability. Lung water was not
      increased but some pulmonary leukostasis was evident histologically after
      resuscitation. We then studied the effect of this process on all immediate
      endotoxin insult. Seven unanesthetized sheep were given 0.7 microgram/kg E. coli
      endotoxin alone, and again after shock and resuscitation, in paired studies
      performed 3 days apart. There was no difference in either the early pulmonary
      hypertension or the later increased permeability phase of endotoxin lung injury
      when comparing the paired studies, as measured by lymph flow and protein flux.
      Hemorrhagic shock, despite producing a transient increase in thromboxane and
      pulmonary leukocyte sequestration, does not accentuate the lung injury of
      endotoxin if the shock state is adequately resuscitated.

PMID- 6368037
TI  - Effects of captopril on hemodynamic and metabolic parameters in awake endotoxemic
      Yucatan minipigs.
AB  - Angiotensin II (AII), a potent vasoconstrictor, contributes to ischemic and
      decompensatory phases of shock. Captopril may benefit vital organ and tissue
      perfusion by inhibiting AII formation. We fitted 13 approximately 50-kg pigs with
      jugular, portal, hepatic vein, and carotid artery catheters, and hepatic artery
      and portal vein flow cuffs to quantitate portosystemic and transhepatic kinetics.
      We placed them in slings 72 hr later and following a 3-hr control period, they
      were infused with E. coli endotoxin at 15 micrograms/kg/hr for 6 hr. We kept
      eight as controls and five received a primed (2 mg/kg) continuous infusion (2
      mg/kg/hr) of captopril 1 hr after initiation of endotoxin. Arterial hypotension
      developed by 60 min and hypoglycemia by 100 min in both groups; captopril had no
      effect on these parameters. Blood lactate increased from 7.8-32.1 mg/dl 80 min
      postendotoxin, and for the third to fifth hours of endotoxin infusion was
      significantly higher than those of the control group. 6-3H-glucose-derived
      appearance (Ra) values remained at 1.88-2.35 mg/kg/min throughout the experiment.
      Glucose disappearance (Rd) values were elevated from 60-120 min of endotoxin,
      increasing to 2.68-3.13 mg/kg/min versus 1.86 mg/kg/min preendotoxin. These
      changes corresponded to those in lactate, and incurred only a brief significant
      net glucose deficit (%Rd-%Ra) that peaked at 61.1% at 100 min. For 140-360 min
      postendotoxin, glucose balance was at most 8.3% in deficit (200 min) and 13.6% in
      positive balance (280 min) versus a net deficit of up to 25.4% (220 min) for the
      untreated group for much of the experiment. Portal and hepatic venous blood flow
      in captopril-treated pigs was lower than that in untreated pigs before endotoxin
      (8.2 and 10.0 ml/kg/min versus 12.9 and 17.9 ml/kg/min, respectively), but was
      not depressed following endotoxin infusion, versus 50% reductions in the
      untreated pigs, postendotoxin. Captopril maintained hepatosplanchnic blood flow
      and effected modest improvements in glucose kinetics.

PMID- 6368039
TI  - Role of peripheral pooling in porcine Escherichia coli sepsis.
AB  - In anesthesized pigs the effects of E. coli (2 X 10(8)/kg) on hemodynamics and
      red cell distribution were studied. After injection of 99m-Tc red cells (15 mCi),
      regional radioactivity was followed during 3 hours. Gated bloodpool studies were
      performed to measure end-diastolic volumes (EDV). Escherichia coli E. coli was
      infused in 14 pigs, while 7 animals served as controls. E. coli resulted in an
      early increase in pulmonary arterial pressure. Systemic arterial pressure
      decreased gradually, while cardiac output did not change significantly. The gated
      studies revealed that especially left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV)
      declined, to 50% of the basal value. Regional radioactivity did not change over
      lungs, liver and abdomen. Splenic activity declined markedly. Over the hindlimb a
      significant increase (29 +/- 8%) was observed. It is concluded that E. coli
      infusion in pigs induces a hemodynamic pattern similar to human sepsis. The
      decrease in LVEDV is probably related to peripheral pooling and a change in right
      ventricle (RV) performance.

PMID- 6368040
TI  - Continuous infusion of endotoxin from an osmotic pump in the conscious,
      unrestrained rat: a unique model of chronic endotoxemia.
AB  - Endotoxin (ET) was administered to conscious, unrestrained rats by continuous
      intravenous infusion from an Alzet osmotic pump. Delivery of ET was delayed 42 h
      after surgery by inserting a 100-cm coil of PE-60 tubing between pump and jugular
      vein. Rats were anorectic following onset of ET delivery; therefore control rats
      were either fed ad libitum or food-deprived (FD) to match the voluntary
      consumption of ET rats. Blood was collected from carotid catheters and oxygen
      consumption determined daily. Body weight, colon temperature, and plasma glucose
      were similar in ET and FD rats, but ET rats exhibited a transient
      hyperlactacidemia, progressive leukocytosis, and fall in hematocrit which was not
      seen in FD rats. Food deprivation resulted in a marked drop in plasma insulin
      which was not seen in ET rats, despite similar food intake and plasma glucose
      concentration. Oxygen consumption of ET rats was significantly greater than both
      fed and FD animals on days 1 and 2 of ET infusion, while mean arterial pressure
      and heart rate were similar to controls. A unique model of endotoxemia is
      presented which is characterized by a transient hypermetabolic state, and changes
      in plasma lactate and insulin levels, white cell count, and hematocrit, which
      cannot be attributed to food deprivation. The results suggest that ET may be
      important in the pathogenesis of hypermetabolic sepsis.

PMID- 6368041
TI  - The chairside role in osseous surgery.

PMID- 6368042
TI  - Recommendations for treatment of hyperlipidemia in adults. A joint statement of
      the Nutrition Committee and the Council on Arteriosclerosis.

PMID- 6368043
TI  - The invention of contact lenses by August Muller (1887).

PMID- 6368044
TI  - Glycoproteins: their structure, biosynthesis and possible clinical implications.
AB  - Glycoproteins carrying asparagine-linked N-glycosyl oligosaccharides have many
      diverse biological functions. The role of the carbohydrate in these functions is
      often obscure. However, there is evidence that carbohydrate is involved in
      stabilization of glycoproteins during passage from the rough endoplasmic
      reticulum to the cell surface, and in recognition phenomena such as receptor
      mediated endocytosis, routing of lysosomal hydrolases to the lysosomes, and the
      spread of cancer cells to secondary sites. The cell surface carbohydrate of some
      transformed cell lines tends to be more highly branched than that of the non
      transformed controls. The control of branching during synthesis of N-glycosyl
      oligosaccharides resides in the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases (GlcNAc
      transferases) which initiate these branches. There must be at least seven such
      GlcNAc-transferases to account for the diversity of structures that have been
      observed. Our laboratory has developed assays for four of these enzymes.
      Substrate specificity studies on these enzymes have shed light on some of the
      control mechanisms involved in the synthesis of highly branched structures.
      Alterations in these control mechanisms may be important in the pathogenesis of
      cancer and other disease.

PMID- 6368045
TI  - Analytical techniques for therapeutic drug monitoring.

PMID- 6368046
TI  - Measurement of choriogonadotropin by chemiluminescence immunoassay and
      immunochemiluminometric assay: 1. Use of isoluminol derivatives.
AB  - We have developed immunoassays, monitored by the detection of chemiluminescence,
      for measuring choriogonadotropin in human urine. These methods involve the use of
      derivatives of isoluminol and include: (a) a labeled antigen with a second
      antibody covalently linked to polyacrylamide beads as the solid-phase reagent
      (i.e., solid-phase chemiluminescence immunoassay); and (b) an excess
      concentration of a specific antibody passively adsorbed onto the walls of
      polystyrene tubes and a labeled antibody of different specificity (i.e., two-site
      immunochemiluminometric assay). After the respective binding reactions, the
      solutions are aspirated, the antigen- or antibody-bound fractions are washed
      twice with 500 microL of buffer, sodium hydroxide (2 mol/L; 200 microL) is added,
      and the mixture is incubated for 60 min at 60 degrees C. After cooling, the label
      is oxidized with microperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide and the resulting
      chemiluminescence signal is measured for 10 s. We have evaluated the methods in
      terms of their sensitivity, precision, and clinical utility, and we compare
      results with values obtained by radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 6368047
TI  - Alveolar bone graft resorption associated with abnormal dental follicle.
AB  - An unusual case of an alveolar bone graft that underwent almost complete
      resorption in association with a large radiolucent lesion around the erupting
      canine is reported. Clinical and radiographic follow-up after grafting is
      important to detect and manage any pathologic changes which might occur. Early
      detection of any abnormal radiologic changes and surgical intervention to excise
      the lesion could prevent further destruction of the grafted bone.

PMID- 6368048
TI  - More on "hare-lip".

PMID- 6368049
TI  - [Metabolism of renin].

PMID- 6368050
TI  - [Activation of inactive renin].

PMID- 6368051
TI  - [Renomedullary hypotensive lipids and prostaglandins].

PMID- 6368052
TI  - [Serum immunoreactive insulin determination by solid phase bead method, with
      special reference to comparison with previous double antibody method].

PMID- 6368053
TI  - [Sandwich enzyme immunoassay of disc blood TSH].

PMID- 6368054
TI  - Hyperprolactinaemia.

PMID- 6368055
TI  - Posterior pituitary function in health and disease.
AB  - This chapter has reviewed briefly the neuroanatomy relevant to the synthesis and
      release of AVP and OXT. Osmoregulation and baroregulation of AVP secretion has
      been discussed in detail, emphasizing the importance of osmotic control under
      normal physiological conditions. The remainder of the text has covered the two
      major pathophysiological disturbances of AVP secretion. In considering diabetes
      insipidus a pragmatic approach has been taken in the differentiation of the
      causes of polyuria and its treatment. A similar approach has been applied to the
      syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis. Brief mention was made of the function of
      OXT.

PMID- 6368056
TI  - Medical management of pituitary disease.
AB  - Success in the treatment of pituitary tumours depends on their size and
      invasiveness so that early detection is imperative. Immediate cure of
      microadenomas is assured by trans-sphenoidal microsurgery although longterm
      results are not yet established. Complete removal of large tumours is less likely
      and radiotherapy is advised if there is evidence of residual tumour activity.
      External irradiation is indicated in the treatment of radiosensitive germinomas.
      Drugs can control symptoms before surgery or while awaiting the effects of
      radiotherapy but may be the treatment of choice for large prolactinomas.
      Bromocriptine or other dopamine agonists not only inhibit prolactin secretion but
      also limit tumour size, but it is not known if they are effective indefinitely.
      Dynamic tests of pituitary function should precede hormone replacement therapy
      and careful supervision with monitoring of plasma hormone levels accompany long
      term treatment.

PMID- 6368057
TI  - "Blind" versus direct vision technique for fetal skin sampling in cases for
      prenatal diagnosis.
AB  - Seven fetuses at risk of developing a serious inherited skin disorder
      (epidermolysis bullosa atrophicans generalisata gravis in 4, bullous
      ichthyosiform erythroderma in 2, and non-bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma in 1)
      were subjected to prenatal diagnosis by fetal skin sampling. The conventional
      "blind" biopsy procedure was used in the first 3 cases; a two-cannula technique
      (one cannula for the optic instrument and the other for the biopsy forceps) that
      permits biopsy of the skin under direct vision, was employed in the remaining 4
      cases. With the "blind" technique, 8 to 10 biopsy specimens had to be taken to
      ensure that enough skin material would be available for the microscopic
      examination; only one specimen out of every two was found to consist of skin; the
      remainder comprised fetal membranes, myometrium, or trophoblast. In one case
      where the "blind" procedure has been used, leakage of amniotic fluid occurred and
      labor started in the 33rd week. With the two-cannula technique, the number of
      biopsy samples could be confined to two or three, and all proved to be of skin.

PMID- 6368058
TI  - Diversity of autoantibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis and chronic active
      hepatitis.
AB  - The presence of autoantibodies in the serum of 110 patients with primary biliary
      cirrhosis (PBC), 50 with HBsAg negative chronic active hepatitis (HBsAg- CAH) and
      30 with HBsAg positive chronic active hepatitis (HBsAg+ CAH) was assessed using
      two methods: indirect immunofluorescence on cells grown in tissue culture (HEp-2
      cell line) or standard mouse tissue sections, and counter immunoelectrophoresis
      (CIE) with soluble tissue extracts. Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) were found in
      38% of sera from patients with PBC using HEp-2 cells compared with 10% using
      mouse tissue. A variety of staining patterns were detected including a pattern of
      multiple nuclear dots. In contrast, ANA was detected in 70% of sera from patients
      with HBsAg- CAH and 27% with HBsAg+ CAH. Using CIE four distinct antibody antigen
      systems were detected: Ro (SS-A), La (SS-B) and two new systems, designated XH
      and XR, reacting with extracts of human spleen and rabbit thymus, respectively.
      Correlation of the presence of antibody with clinical conditions confirmed the
      close association between anti-centromere antibody and sclerodactyly in patients
      with PBC and indicated an association between 'multiple nuclear dot' staining and
      the sicca syndrome in PBC. No association was found between the presence of
      either Ro or La antibody and the sicca syndrome in patients with PBC.

PMID- 6368059
TI  - A new anti-liver-kidney microsome antibody (anti-LKM2) in tienilic acid-induced
      hepatitis.
AB  - The sera of 131 patients with anti-liver-kidney microsome antibodies (anti-LKM)
      detected between 1973 and 1979 in two different laboratories were re-examined.
      (1) Eighty-six anti-LKM corresponded to the description given by Rizzetto, Swana
      & Doniach (1973), with a pattern of fluorescence predominating on the 3rd portion
      of the proximal tubules (P3). This group comprised 45 cases of idiopathic chronic
      hepatitis or idiopathic cirrhosis and one case of halothane-induced hepatitis.
      (2) Forty-five anti-LKM gave a different pattern on male mouse liver and male rat
      kidney: (a) fluorescence was greater on centrolobular than on periportal
      hepatocytes; (b) the first and second portions of proximal tubules (P1 and P2)
      predominated over P3; (c) P1 fluorescence was equally intense as P2 and (d) P3
      cells were heterogeneous with one cell out of 20 more positive than the rest.
      Absorption tests confirmed that the corresponding antigen was also present in the
      liver microsomal fraction. A retrospective clinical study discovered tienilic
      acid-induced hepatitis in all cases. We suggest naming this new antibody 'anti
      LKM2'.

PMID- 6368060
TI  - Anti-pancreatic immunity. In vitro studies of cellular and humoral immune
      reactions directed toward pancreatic islets.
AB  - It has been suggested that the immune system may be responsible for the
      destruction of insulin secreting cells in some types of diabetes. In order to
      test this hypothesis, we studied the consequences of immune-mediated reactions on
      the function of pancreatic islet cells in vitro. A model was set up in vitro
      where mouse pancreatic islet cells are exposed to human lymphocytes or sera +
      complement then stimulated for the release of insulin or glucagon. A selective
      inhibition of insulin secretion, but not of glucagon secretion, was observed in
      the presence of lymphocytes from 37 out of 40 insulin-dependent diabetic (IDD)
      patients and in the presence of sera (+ complement) from 22 out of 40.
      Lymphocytes were found inhibitory in almost all patients in both groups, with and
      without associated autoimmune diseases. In contrast, inhibitory sera were
      observed almost only in patients with associated autoimmune diseases or recent
      onset diabetes. The selective inhibition of insulin secretion, but not of
      glucagon secretion, suggests that lymphocytes or sera may be involved in a
      destructive process of insulin secreting cells in vivo. This cell-mediated effect
      depends on direct T lymphocyte cytotoxicity, rather than antibody-dependent cell
      cytotoxicity, as suggested by the lack of any effect of aggregated
      immunoglobulins on the reaction. In contrast, when C57BL/6 mice were immunized by
      mastocytoma cells from a DBA2 strain, their lymphocytes and sera blocked both
      secretions of insulin and glucagon when incubated in vitro with DBA2 islet cells.
      This non-selective inhibition may be due to anti-H2 immunity, rather than
      immunity directed against insulin secreting cells.

PMID- 6368061
TI  - Parasitism of antigen presenting cells in hyperbacillary leprosy.
AB  - Full thickness skin biopsies from four patients with borderline lepromatous
      leprosy (BL leprosy) have been examined. Immunohistological techniques have been
      employed to analyse the non-lymphoid mononuclear cells present in the dermal
      infiltrates associated with the BL lesions. This analysis was performed using
      three monoclonal antibodies, RFD2 (recognizing macrophages), RFD1 (recognizing
      interdigitating cells) and NA1/34 (recognizing Langerhans cells). It was found
      that the vast majority of non-lymphoid mononuclear cells in the lesions were
      RFD2+ macrophages. However, a significant number (15-30%) of macrophage like
      cells were RFD1+ interdigitating cells. A very small number of NA1/34+ Langerhans
      cells were also identified within the dermal infiltrates. Combination
      immunohistology and Ziehl Neelsen staining revealed that all these cell types
      could be found containing the Mycobacterium leprae organisms. The proportions of
      parasitized cells within each subpopulation was equivalent to the overall
      proportion of each cell type within the infiltrate. The significance of
      parasitism of cell types thought to be involved in antigen presentation and
      induction of immune responses is discussed.

PMID- 6368062
TI  - Mitogenic stimulation of malignant B cells. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia:
      secretion of monoclonal IgM by in vitro-induced plasmablasts.
AB  - This study provides evidence that leukaemic B cells are able to proliferate and
      differentiate into plasmablasts. The Ig produced was monoclonal in nature and
      this was shown by gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 6368063
TI  - Separation of natural and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity by differential
      reactivity of human mononuclear cell Fc receptors with IgG.
AB  - Nylon wood non-adherent, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells which are
      reactive with the OKM1 monoclonal antibody could be separated into two
      subpopulations based on their Fc receptor reactivity with human monomeric IgG
      (FcR-IgG) using flow cytometry. The majority of natural killer cells was found
      primarily in the OKM1+ subset with low FcR reactivity. In contrast, effector
      cells for antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (K cells) were found in subsets with
      both high and low FcR-IgG reactivity.

PMID- 6368064
TI  - Fc receptors on granulocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and Felty's
      syndrome.
AB  - Receptors for the Fc part of IgG on polymorphonuclear cells (FcR) of patients
      with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Felty's syndrome (FS) and healthy controls (HC)
      were studied by means of a rosetting technique with rabbit IgG coated ox
      erythrocytes. When cold isolated polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) were incubated at
      room temperature the percentage of rosette forming PMN (RF-PMN) from HC was more
      than twice that measured directly after isolation at 4 degrees C. The same
      phenomenon was observed for PMN from patients with RA although the RF-PMN
      increased by only 1/3. In contrast warming of PMN from patients with FS did not
      influence the RF-PMN. The presence of surface bound immunoglobulins and
      intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins was measured by immunofluorescence and appeared
      to be inversely related to the RF-PMN. A good correlation between the results of
      the C1q binding assay (C1qBA) and the immunofluorescence score was observed but
      no correlation existed between the C1qBA and the RF-PMN. These results indicate
      that the number of PMN expressing FcR in patients with RA and FS is decreased
      presumably because of the phagocytosis of immune complex like material. The
      decrease in the availability of FcR may influence the functions of the PMN.

PMID- 6368065
TI  - New aspects of the pathogenesis of immune complex glomerulonephritis: formation
      of subepithelial deposits.
AB  - Data obtained from experimental studies show the importance of electrical charge
      in the development of glomerular subepithelial deposits, especially when the
      latter arise via in situ immune complex formation. Theoretical consideration
      makes it likely that cationic antigens contribute to subepithelial deposit
      formation in cases of human glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 6368066
TI  - Extracellular neuraminidase production of streptococci associated with acute
      nephritis.
AB  - The possibility that streptococcal neuraminidase has a pathogenic role in acute
      poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is reviewed. Experimental and clinical
      evidence suggesting autologous immune phenomena and anti-Ig reactivity in this
      disease is discussed. Neuraminidase may also induce sialic acid depletion that
      would be expected to result in changes of the electrical charge in the immune
      complex as well as in the glomerular polyanion filtration barrier. The nature of
      these changes will facilitate penetrability of material with nephritogenic
      potential. Neuraminidase production was detected in the majority of streptococcal
      isolates obtained from patients with glomerulonephritis and the best substrate
      for screening purposes appears to be bovine submaxillary gland mucin. On the
      basis of available evidence, it is suggested that the development of
      glomerulonephritis after streptococcal infection probably does not depend on
      neuraminidase production by the bacteria; however, this enzyme may be responsible
      for the anti-Ig reactivity demonstrated in some patients and thereby influence
      the course of the disease.

PMID- 6368067
TI  - Discovery and rediscovery of low protein diet.
AB  - The basis of conservative treatment in chronic uremia is the restriction of
      protein, which lowers blood urea and diminishes nausea, vomiting and other uremic
      symptoms. Protein restriction to less than 25-30 g per day in adult patients may
      lead to negative nitrogen balance and protein depletion, which can be prevented
      by supplementing the diet with essential amino acids or a mixture of essential
      keto acid analogues and amino acids. The traditional view has been that low
      protein diet affords symptomatic relief in chronic uremia but does not effect the
      progression of renal failure. However, recent clinical results, mostly
      retrospective, suggest that protein restriction may retard or halt progression.
      This has led to a renewed interest in therapy with low protein diet and essential
      amino acids or keto analogues, since this form of treatment may postpone the time
      when the patient has to be started on dialysis, or even make dialysis
      unnecessary. It is not settled by which mechanism protein restriction effects
      progression of renal failure. According to one hypothesis, hyperphosphatemia
      (high Ca X P product) is harmful for the diseased kidneys; protein restriction is
      beneficial, since a low protein diet is generally also low in phosphate. An
      alternative hypothesis suggests that glomerular hyperfiltration in the remaining
      nephrons of the diseased kidneys is harmful and leads to glomerulosclerosis; low
      protein intake protects the kidney by abolishing glomerular hyperfiltration.

PMID- 6368068
TI  - The natural history of diabetic nephropathy: unpredictable insulin requirements-
      a further clue.
AB  - Diabetic nephropathy has evolved into the single most prevalent cause of uremia
      among patients sustained by the United States End Stage Renal Disease program.
      Clarification of the natural history of kidney involvement and insufficiency in
      Type I and II diabetes has improved substantially over the past 5 years. However,
      it remains a poorly understood and relatively underreported morbid entity. This
      report reviews the problem, then reconstructs the natural history of diabetic
      nephropathy by studying the course of 50 Type I and Type II uremic diabetics
      treated with hemodialysis at The Long Island College Hospital. It traces the
      various stages from hyperglycemia to proteinuria to renal failure, and then
      reports morbidity, including cardiac, eye, stroke, and amputation complications.
      A new paradox is herein reported--the unpredictable insulin requirement,
      including new insulin need for the first time once hemodialysis was begun, in 8
      of 50 patients studied.

PMID- 6368069
TI  - Pharmacokinetics in patients with renal failure.
AB  - Uremic patients manifest delayed elimination of many drugs prolonging the
      biological half-life, and impaired excretion of the metabolites of biotransformed
      drugs, some of which are toxic or biologically active. More subtle changes in
      bioavailability, distribution, metabolism and pharmacodynamics frequently occur,
      as well, rendering drug dosing hazardous, especially when the margin of safety is
      narrow. A review of the pharmacologic abnormalities of individual drugs
      exemplifies those that provide metabolic loads, those which can be eliminated by
      dialysis and those that can be used with the least risk. Restricting drugs use in
      uremic patients to unequivocal indications, limiting doses according to
      guidelines, restricting the duration of treatment, monitoring plasma drug levels,
      clinical observations and vigilant suspicion of toxicity would eliminate most
      toxicologic problems. Physicians must not, however, rely blindly on normograms
      and cookbook guidelines for dosing potentially toxic drugs.

PMID- 6368070
TI  - Proteinuria--the future?
AB  - Classification of proteinurias, based on physiopathology, was first
      comprehensively achieved about 1966 [Hardwicke 1970]. This classification,
      sometimes with minor modifications, has now received widespread acceptance, and
      the current status of proteinuria has been recently reviewed [Pesce and Furst
      1979]. In this short talk I will not attempt to review again the whole field, but
      will rather try to highlight a few outstanding areas where inconsistencies
      remain, and where new advances are likely to be made in the next few years. In
      doing so I hope that I may convince you that the study of proteinuria is by no
      means exhausted, but is likely to remain a rich field of clinical research for
      some years to come.

PMID- 6368071
TI  - Prognostic factors in a transplantation center with good results.
AB  - In a homogeneous group of 299 first cadaver kidney allograft recipients
      transplanted within one single center between 1973 and 1983, we analyzed the
      influence of several factors on graft survival. All recipients received at least
      one blood transfusion before transplantation. Criteria of donor-recipient
      selection as well as immunosuppressive treatment policy have never changed
      significantly within the studied period. In contrast to matching for HLA-A and B
      antigens, DR-matching has a significant influence on early graft survival.
      Kidneys with zero DR-mismatches have a one year graft survival of 96.2% versus
      75.6% for kidneys with 2 DR-mismatches (P less than 0.05). The presence or
      absence of DRW6 in the recipient as well as in the donor has no effect on graft
      survival. A preservation time less than 12 hours is accompanied by a decreased
      early graft survival. The long-term survival of kidneys from donors older than 30
      years is significantly reduced. At 5 years graft survival of kidneys from donors
      younger than 30 years is 75% versus 53% for kidneys from donors older than 30
      years.

PMID- 6368072
TI  - The development of the Bjork-Shiley artificial heart valve.

PMID- 6368073
TI  - Serious adverse effects of amiodarone.
AB  - Amiodarone is an effective antiarrhythmic drug which has been used successfully
      to treat a variety of cardiac arrhythmias. Early reports emphasized both the
      striking efficacy of this agent and the relative paucity of side effects
      necessitating discontinuing treatment with this drug. As amiodarone has been used
      more widely and in more diverse patient populations, reports of serious thyroid,
      pulmonary, cardiovascular, and other adverse reactions have appeared in the
      literature. In this paper, we review the serious adverse effects that have been
      reported to date. The incidence of these reactions varies considerably in
      different series, and cannot be explained solely by different doses employed or
      by varying methods of drug administration. The final role of amiodarone in the
      therapy of cardiac arrhythmias cannot be determined until the long-term toxicity
      has been more thoroughly investigated.

PMID- 6368074
TI  - Recent advances using streptokinase for acute coronary thrombosis.
AB  - Most important in comparison to earlier European trials, streptokinase (STK) is
      administered now at the earliest time possible after acute coronary thrombosis.
      In this series, STK was started 2.5 (+/- 1.5) h after onset of chest pain, with
      reperfusion achieved approximately 1 h later in 6 (55%) of 11 patients treated.
      Posttreatment angiograms will not be required to identify thrombolysis if
      noninvasive indicators will provide this information correctly. Early creatine
      kinase enzyme peaking 8 to 15 h after chest pain appears to be the most accurate
      marker available. Among untreated and unsuccessfully treated patients, creatine
      kinase peaking usually occurs 18-36 h after chest pain. A large intravenous STK
      loading dose of 1,500,000 IU produces a plasma concentration of approximately 500
      IU/ml, equal to that concentration employed originally by intracoronary
      infusions. Such large doses have been employed in 60 patients thus far, without
      an unusual incidence or severity of hemorrhages. High dose, ultrashort-term
      treatment for only 1 h is being investigated now. Systemic STK penetrates most
      "blind coronary pouches" and gains access to acute thrombi, as identified by
      radiocontrast material washout during angiography in patients with severe
      coronary occlusions. Streptokinase exerts a significant anticoagulant effect, not
      previous considered, which may be beneficial in the prevention of new clot
      formation and the rapid dissolution of acute coronary thrombi.

PMID- 6368075
TI  - Migration of retained pacemaker electrodes.
AB  - Two cases of migration of retained pacemaker electrodes are described. The first
      presented as an unusual cause of deep vein thrombosis while the second was
      asymptomatic and detected by routine chest x-ray. Both made a good recovery, the
      first with surgery and the second with the fragment left in situ. A review of the
      world literature revealed only 13 other such cases. Of the total of 15 cases four
      are known to have died. In these patients no relationship was found between
      morbidity and the site of migration or associated infection and/or thrombosis.
      However surgical treatment appeared to be associated with a better prognosis.

PMID- 6368076
TI  - Stepwise reintroduction of carbohydrate during refeeding after prolonged fasting.
AB  - In an attempt to minimize fluid retention and obtain a gradual return to the pre
      fast metabolic state, 14 nondiabetic obese subjects, who had fasted totally for
      32 +/- 3 days, were fed a hypocaloric diet that incorporated stepwise increments
      in carbohydrate beginning at 20 g/day. During the refeeding period of 14 days,
      the total caloric intake for the first 9 days was 800 kcal/day and 1000 kcal/day
      thereafter. No untoward clinical events occurred. A weight regain of 2.2 +/- 0.4
      kg during the first 7 days was accounted for by fluid retention. The return to
      pre-fast postabsorptive plasma glucose levels (82 +/- 3 to 93 +/- 3 mg dl-1) and
      a rise in immunoreactive insulin (0.5 +/- 0.1 to 0.8 +/- 0.1 ng ml-1) occurred by
      day 7. Blood 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate concentrations (4.1 and 0.6 mM,
      respectively) declined more slowly to reach pre-fast values by day 14; urinary
      excretion of 3-hydroxybutyrate dropped from 64 mmol/day to pre-fast levels by day
      10. Urinary nitrogen excretion increased from 2.6 to a plateau of 5.5-6.0 g/day
      from day 3 onward; nitrogen balance was at least +3 g/day throughout refeeding.
      This approach to refeeding is associated with acceptable clinical response and
      may be appropriate after other states of marked caloric deprivation.

PMID- 6368077
TI  - Urinary incontinence in the elderly: a review.
AB  - About 20% of the aging population of Canada is incontinent of urine, at a minimum
      annual cost of $150 million for incontinence pads alone. The inability of the
      individual or the family to cope with the problem is often the sole reason for
      placing the individual in an institution. Until recently, the subject received
      only sporadic attention from groups of urologists, gynaecologists and internists.
      The physiology and pathophysiology of micturition and urinary incontinence in the
      elderly are reviewed as the basis for appropriate management strategies.
      Geriatric urinary incontinence can be adequately evaluated, in most cases, by a
      clinical history in combination with a neurologic and urologic examination and
      cystometry.

PMID- 6368078
TI  - Pyelonephritis in pregnancy.

PMID- 6368080
TI  - Brachial artery disruption following closed posterior elbow dislocation in a
      child--assessment with intravenous digital angiography. A case report with review
      of the literature.
AB  - An 11-year-old boy sustained complete brachial artery disruption following closed
      posterior elbow dislocation. This is the first documentation in the English
      language literature of this type of arterial transection following closed elbow
      dislocation in a child. It is also the first report of surgical repair of the
      brachial artery following elbow dislocation in a child. The patient's radial
      pulse was absent the day following the injury, and on Doppler examination blood
      flow was audible over the radial artery. Hand perfusion, however, remained
      excellent. Intravenous digital angiography demonstrated complete disruption of
      the brachial artery. This procedure is relatively painless compared with
      conventional angiography with percutaneous arterial puncture. The procedure
      provides the treating physician with an objective method for assessing brachial
      artery integrity. Arterial repair may decrease the potential risks of delayed
      complications, e.g., cold intolerance, potential growth disturbance, and possible
      delayed neurovascular residues associated with localized ischemia to the forearm
      and hand.

PMID- 6368079
TI  - Efficacy of a topical antibiotic irrigant in decreasing or eliminating bacterial
      contamination in surgical wounds.
AB  - Using a simple in vitro system, the authors showed that colony counts of
      Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and
      Pseudomonas species can be reduced by 12%-56% with saline irrigation; the
      reduction of colony numbers, however, especially for S. aureus, was not always
      statistically significant. However, even if it were statistically significant,
      the amount of reduction would not be clinically significant. A topical antibiotic
      irrigant containing bacitracin/neomycin was effective against S. aureus, S.
      epidermidis-, and E. coli-treated agar plates. Except for a single plate
      containing Pseudomonas organisms, the growth of Pseudomonas colonies was also
      prevented by antibiotic irrigation. Tissue samples of muscle, fat, and bone
      obtained during operation showed antibiotic levels comparable with, and in most
      cases greater than, those found in the blood agar plates. These data may be
      clinically significant and suggest that bacitracin/neomycin irrigation can be
      safely used to reduce the incidence of postoperative infection.

PMID- 6368081
TI  - Femoral neck abnormalities in spina bifida.
AB  - Femoral neck abnormalities in spina bifida can be of two types: Type A,
      consisting of widening of the physis and often associated with varus deformity,
      and Type B, characterized by marked narrowing of the femoral neck, resulting in a
      typical mushroom appearance. The Type A deformity is usually associated with an
      abduction contracture of the hip. This physeal lysis seems to be secondary to
      microtrauma sustained during persistent exercise done by the parents and
      therapist to overcome the abduction contracture. No treatment is required, even
      when varus deformity is present. These patients require an orthosis with a pelvic
      band for ambulation, and their mobility will not be affected by the deformity.

PMID- 6368082
TI  - Periarticular malacoplakia.
AB  - Malacoplakia is a granulomatous process that occasionally affects the
      musculoskeletal system. It is thought to be caused by a dysfunction in
      mononuclear cells and their inability to lyse bacteria effectively. A strong
      correlation between this entity and immunosuppression has been noted. When a
      granulomatous mass is present in an immunosuppressed patient, the diagnosis of
      malacoplakia should be considered.

PMID- 6368083
TI  - Current status of orthopaedic microsurgery in Japan. Personal experience and
      review of the literature.
AB  - Among the Japanese contributions in reconstructive microsurgery, transplantation
      of composite tissues and replantation of amputated extremities are the most
      representative. With the standardization of the techniques of microsurgery and
      replantation, these operations have become relatively common. By July 1981, 3126
      replantations had been performed in 78 hospitals with an 80%-90% success rate.
      Recently, surgeons have focused on the recovery of function. A recent analysis of
      the author's series of replantations through the end of 1980, using a scoring
      system of function evaluation criteria, showed that results in 72% of the 181
      patients involving 259 upper extremity replants were excellent or good.

PMID- 6368084
TI  - A staged Papineau protocol for chronic osteomyelitis.
AB  - A three-stage Papineau protocol for the management of chronic pyogenic
      osteomyelitis was critically investigated in 13 prospectively treated patients
      with draining osteomyelitis. Stage I involved removal of nonviable tissue and
      retained metal. Stage II involved grafting of cancellous iliac bone. In Stage III
      skin coverage was accomplished. Infection was eradicated in all but one patient,
      and the osseous defect filled in all patients. Five patients attained skin
      coverage after split-thickness grafting. In seven patients epithelialization
      occurred, while one patient underwent a soleus muscle transposition with skin
      grafting. The prospective protocol could have been improved by prolonged
      hospitalization with repeated surgical debridements. Rather than demonstrating
      absolute cure of all kinds of osteomyelitis, the present results reveal factors
      that help to ensure successful treatment.

PMID- 6368085
TI  - Calcium requirements in humans. Report of original data and a review.
AB  - Presently submitted and previously available data indicate that the recommended
      calcium requirement of 800 mg/day is inadequate for a large segment of the
      population, particularly the elderly. With an intake of 800 mg of calcium/day,
      calcium balance was only slightly positive, without consideration of dermal
      losses or other risk factors that may play a role in calcium bioavailability and
      calcium retention. A calcium intake of 1000-1200 mg/day is preferable, as calcium
      balance increased significantly when calcium intake was increased from 800 to
      1200 mg/day; there was no further improvement in calcium balance on higher
      calcium intakes, up to 2300 mg/day.

PMID- 6368086
TI  - Cultured growth cartilage cells.
AB  - Growth cartilage (GC) and resting cartilage (RC) cells from the ribs of young
      rats were separated and cultured. The cultured GC cells showed remarkable
      osteogenic potential only with the participation of certain host cells even after
      cultivation, while RC cells showed no osteogenic activity when transplanted as
      isografts loaded into Millipore chambers. The GC cells showed marked differences
      in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis and alkaline phosphatase activity as
      compared with RC cells in terms of the effects of various hormones, vitamins, and
      other agents. A linkage of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and polyamine metabolism was
      found, and it was suggested that PTH induces successive increase of ornithine
      decarboxylase activity, polyamine levels, and GAG synthesis in cultured
      chondrocytes obtained from growing rabbit costochondral junctions. A factor in a
      family of somatomedins was isolated from the cartilage of fetal calves and called
      "cartilage-derived factor" (CDF). CDF markedly increased GAG, protein, RNA, and
      DNA synthesis and cell division of the cultured cartilage cells. The GC cells
      formed matrix vesicles abundantly in vitro without mineral deposition. Co-culture
      of GC cells with bone marrow cells resulted in degradation of GAG and then
      formation of hydroxyapatite crystals in the extracellular matrix. Antirat GC
      mouse IgG was prepared to label and sort the osteogenic cells in bone marrow by
      fluorescence-activated cell-sorter II (FACS II). GC antigen-positive and 
      negative cells after FACS sorting were cultured and examined in terms of
      proteoglycan synthesis, alkaline phosphatase activity, and matrix vesicle
      production. The former cell group was found to be very similar to the cultured GC
      cells.

PMID- 6368087
TI  - The classic. Diffuse endothelioma of bone. By James Ewing. 1921.

PMID- 6368088
TI  - An immunoelectron-microscopic study of the immunoglobulin-synthesizing cells of
      the rheumatoid synovial membrane.
AB  - Immunoglobulin (Ig)-synthesizing cells were examined in the transitional areas of
      rheumatoid synovial membrane infiltrates, which are rich in lymphocytes
      undergoing blastic transformation, by an electron-microscopic immunoperoxidase
      labeling technique. Peroxidase reaction products, indicating the presence of Ig,
      were initially observed in the perinuclear cisternae of lymphoblasts. These
      products were subsequently observed in the rough endoplasmic reticulum in
      parallel to cellular maturation. In highly differentiated plasma cells Ig was
      rarely seen in the endoplasmic reticulum. Blastic lymphocytes containing Ig in
      transitional areas were in close association with macrophages, indicating that
      the transitional area is a major site of immunologic induction of Ig synthesis in
      rheumatoid synovial membrane.

PMID- 6368089
TI  - Smallpox: a disease that disappeared.

PMID- 6368090
TI  - Pubertal changes in net renal tubular secretion of digoxin.
AB  - To evaluate the effect of puberty on the net renal tubular secretion of digoxin,
      we measured the ratio of digoxin clearance to creatinine clearance in 23 patients
      aged 4 to 21 yr and correlated this ratio with both sexual maturity (Tanner
      stage) and chronologic age. All subjects were at steady-state levels for digoxin
      treatment; all had normal serum creatinine values for age as well as normal serum
      potassium levels. Mean ratio for immature children (n = 14, Tanner 1 through 3.5)
      was 1.45 +/- 0.66. Mean ratio for mature adolescents (n = 9, Tanner 4 through 5)
      was 0.95 +/- 0.28. The difference between the two groups was significant (P less
      than 0.05). When patients were regrouped by age using either 13 or 15 yr as a
      cutoff, the difference in ratios was no longer statistically significant. Based
      on 45 subjects (new and from our previous study) aged 2 mo to 80 yr, there was a
      significant decrease in the clearance ratio with increasing age, but when the 23
      subjects aged 4 to 21 yr were analyzed separately, the correlation between ratio
      and age was not significant. It appears that the decrease in net renal tubular
      secretion of digoxin from childhood to adulthood correlates better with full
      sexual maturation at puberty (Tanner 4 through 5) than with chronologic age. This
      observation may represent a developmental change in pharmacokinetics with broader
      significance than for digoxin disposition alone.

PMID- 6368091
TI  - Epineurial versus perineurial repair of peripheral nerves.
AB  - A survey of clinical and experimental work concerning the efficacy of epineurial
      versus perineurial suture techniques for the treatment of peripheral nerve
      disruption has been presented. It seems that little differences result from the
      utilization of either of these methods. Therefore, suture of the outer epineurium
      is the technique of choice for most acute nerve lacerations, since it is easier,
      faster, and requires less manipulation of the delicate internal neural structure.
      Clinical indications for outer epineurial or inner epineurial (group funicular)
      repair have also been discussed. The reasons why these techniques lead to similar
      results remain unclear. However, it would seem to be impossible to align
      individual axons if their vast numbers and the dynamic disruptive phenomena that
      occur after nerve transection are taken into account. It is now recognized that
      peripheral nerve regeneration studies must address events occurring at the level
      of the injury and additionally in the periphery and the cell body itself. The
      answer to the clinical problem of nerve transection will lie in our ability to
      manipulate axonal regeneration from the central nervous system to correct
      peripheral end organs. This question will not be solved by the position in which
      suture material is placed.

PMID- 6368092
TI  - Nerve grafting.
AB  - For a long period, nerve grafting was used as a last resort when other means to
      manage a nerve defect failed. All attempts to apply allografts were
      disappointing. With the development of a new technique based on microsurgery,
      free nerve grafting has become a reliable method. The results are close to the
      results achieved by neurorrhaphy under favorable conditions and better than the
      results achieved by neurorrhaphy under tension. Today, this fact is recognized by
      nearly all surgeons. Discussion is limited only to the length of defect that
      still permits application of neurorrhaphy or represents an indication for nerve
      grafting. It is logical that different surgeons have different results, according
      to their training, their background, and the cases they have to treat. If the
      material contains more fresh cases, neurorrhaphy will be favored; if it contains
      more late secondary cases, nerve grafts will be applied in a higher frequency.
      The vascularized nerve graft is a new technique that certainly will have its
      indication in selected cases. If the immunologic problems connected with nerve
      grafting will be solved in one or the other way, a new era of nerve grafting will
      commence.

PMID- 6368093
TI  - Brachial plexus injuries. Management and results.
AB  - At the time of accident the brachial plexus can be repaired primarily if there is
      a clean transection. In case of a clavicular fracture and/or of a severe bleeding
      by rupture of the subclavian artery, the hematoma has to be evacuated to avoid
      compression of the brachial plexus. For the same reason, the fracture should be
      stabilized as soon as possible and the artery repaired. The reconstruction of the
      brachial plexus is performed as a secondary procedure. In case of a closed injury
      all efforts should be directed to clarify the diagnosis and to exclude cases with
      good chances of spontaneous recovery. The remaining cases are subject to direct
      repair. According to the amount of damage, external or internal neurolysis,
      neurorrhaphy, nerve grafting, or neurotization by nerve transfer is performed.
      Direct surgery is followed by a period of intensive physiotherapy. Social and
      psychologic care are extremely important. Patients should start to work as soon
      as possible. If they are not able to resume their original profession, they have
      to be prepared for another job that they can perform with one arm and one hand.
      The whole treatment is planned and supervised by the surgeon. After a
      sufficiently long period, usually one-and-a half years following direct repair,
      the amount of functional return is analyzed. Decisions are made to perform
      adequate palliative surgery, in order to make maximum use of the returned
      function.

PMID- 6368094
TI  - Review of obstetrical palsies. Nonoperative treatment.
AB  - For the majority of patients with obstetrical brachial plexus palsy, present-day
      conservative management yields good results. We now must direct our efforts
      toward improving the 10 to 15 per cent of patients who do not do well. Presently
      the role of microsurgical reconstruction of these injuries is undergoing
      evaluation. We must identify the patients with poor prognosis early: Babies
      should be examined at monthly intervals to document functional return, to
      supervise the child's exercise program, and to provide parental support. Babies
      who do not improve rapidly within the first 2 to 3 months should have an
      electromyogram and nerve conduction study. If this shows evidence of a severe
      lesion, these patients should be referred to a physician with a special interest
      in this area.

PMID- 6368095
TI  - Management of acute extratemporal facial nerve palsy.

PMID- 6368096
TI  - Free muscle transplantation for facial paralysis.

PMID- 6368097
TI  - Experimental electrophysiologic recordings. Interpretation of the compound action
      potential.

PMID- 6368098
TI  - Clinical electrophysiologic peripheral nerve recordings.

PMID- 6368099
TI  - Present thoughts on the management of pain in the upper extremity.

PMID- 6368100
TI  - Factor XII and prekallikrein-kallikrein-kinin in the cryoactivation of human
      plasma prorenin.
AB  - Cryoactivation of human plasma 'prorenin' was followed for 24 h at -4 degrees C.
      Chromogenic assays were used to determine factor XII (FXII), FXIIa, prekallikrein
      and kallikrein in relation to the observed cold-induced increase in plasma renin
      activity (PRA). Bradykinin activity was also determined using the rat uterus
      bioassay. PRA increased rapidly and became significantly higher after just 6 h of
      cryoactivation, by which time prekallikrein had almost disappeared, while
      kallikrein and kinin levels increased. In contrast, FXII did not change notably,
      but some FXIIa was indeed formed. The bacteriostat neomycin sulphate did not
      affect the course of cryoactivation, but did block the dextran sulphate- and
      kaolin-induced activation of prekallikrein and FXII respectively, and was
      therefore omitted. Thus cryoactivation of prorenin is accompanied by, and may
      depend upon, the activation of FXII and prekallikrein, supporting other evidence
      in favour of this hypothesis.

PMID- 6368101
TI  - Evidence for angiotensin-stimulated proximal tubular fluid reabsorption in
      normotensive and hypertensive rats: effect of acute administration of captopril.
AB  - The effects of captopril on mean arterial blood pressure and proximal tubular
      fluid reabsorption (JV) were examined in anaesthetized normotensive rats and in
      the non-clipped kidneys of two-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats. In
      the normotensive animals, captopril reduced arterial blood pressure from 121 +/-
      SD 9 to 106 +/- 10 mmHg and JV decreased from 3.78 +/- 0.45 to 2.57 +/- 0.58 X
      10(-4) mm3 mm-2 s-1. Captopril had a greater effect on blood pressure in the
      hypertensive animals (172 +/- 17 reduced to 133 +/- 23 mmHg) although the
      decrease in JV from 3.62 +/- 0.12 to 2.40 +/- 0.40 was similar to that observed
      in normotensive animals. These results provide evidence that, in the
      anaesthetized rat, angiotensin II contributes to the maintenance of the rate of
      proximal fluid reabsorption. The magnitude of the angiotensin-stimulated
      component of proximal fluid absorption is similar in normotensive and two-kidney,
      one-clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats.

PMID- 6368102
TI  - Exchangeable sodium in Goldblatt one-kidney one-clip hypertension in the rat.
AB  - Exchangeable sodium (NaE), plasma active renin concentration and blood pressure
      were measured in rats with a sole remaining kidney before and after the
      development of hypertension induced by clipping of the single renal artery and
      again after unclipping. Control observations were made in sham-clipped and sham
      unclipped uninephrectomized rats. Renal artery clipping caused hypertension and
      expansion of NaE, the latter being sustained throughout the 6 weeks during which
      the renal artery was constricted. Hypertension in the clipped rats was
      progressive over 6 weeks, whereas the expansion of NaE was not; thus the two
      measurements were not significantly correlated. Two rats which remained
      normotensive after clipping did not show expansion of NaE. Plasma active renin
      was elevated in comparison with the sham-clipped controls on the day after
      clipping, but not thereafter. Unclipping in hypertensive rats was followed by a
      return of NaE and blood pressure to control values. Both the sustained expansion
      of NaE and the transient rise in active renin probably contribute to the
      development of hypertension in this model, but neither alone nor together do they
      provide a full satisfactory explanation.

PMID- 6368103
TI  - Oxalate dynamics and removal rates during haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis
      in patients with primary hyperoxaluria and severe renal failure.
AB  - We have measured the plasma oxalate concentration (POx), urinary oxalate
      excretion (UOx), oxalate equilibrium distribution volume (ODV), oxalate metabolic
      pool size [(ODV) X (POx)], total plasma oxalate clearance (PCOx), renal (or
      dialyser) oxalate clearance (RCOx), non-renal oxalate clearance (NRCOx) and the
      tissue oxalate accretion rate (TOA) = [(NRCOx) X (POx)] in three patients with
      severe renal failure due to primary hyperoxaluria who were being treated by
      peritoneal dialysis or haemodialysis, or by renal transplantation. The clearance
      (either GFR or dialyser) of [99mTc]diethylenetriaminepenta-acetate (DTPA) and the
      extracellular fluid volume (ECF) measured as [99mTc]DTPA distribution volume were
      also determined. Negligible amounts of 14C were found in faeces or as 14CO2 in
      expired air and hence (NRCOx) = (PCOx-RCOx). Haemodialysis removed oxalate more
      efficiently than peritoneal dialysis in the patient where a direct comparison was
      possible. Neither treatment could keep up with the TOA when performed for
      clinically acceptable times. The plasma oxalate concentrations calculated from
      14C clearance through the dialyser and the chemically determined concentration of
      the oxalate in the dialysate were in the range 111-146 mumol/l. This is higher
      than in normals and in hyperoxaluric patients who are not in renal failure.
      Hence, although the ODV and ECF are similar to those of hyperoxaluric patients
      without renal failure and normal control subjects, the oxalate metabolic pool
      (ODV X POx) is grossly enlarged. In the patient treated by renal transplantation,
      the oxalate pool size diminished concurrently with the resumption of oxalate
      excretion but expanded again as renal function decreased due to
      oxalosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6368104
TI  - Intracerebroventricular infusion of sodium chloride-rich artificial cerebrospinal
      fluid in rats induces natriuresis and releases an inhibitor of prostaglandin
      synthesis.
AB  - Urinary sodium excretion in anaesthetized rats subjected to high-sodium
      artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) infusion into the lateral brain ventricle,
      was significantly higher than in rats infused with normal-sodium CSF. Urinary
      immunoreactive 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha, the stable derivative of
      prostacyclin, was significantly reduced in the high-sodium CSF group, as compared
      with the normal-sodium CSF group. When dog aortic endothelium was incubated in
      the presence of plasma, endothelial prostacyclin production was found to be
      inhibited by plasma from rats infused with high-sodium CSF compared with the
      effect of plasma from the rats infused with normal-sodium CSF. Our results
      indicate that intracerebroventricular infusion of high-sodium CSF induces a
      natriuretic response and is associated with the appearance of a humoral factor
      which blocks prostacyclin biosynthesis.

PMID- 6368105
TI  - Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST): a review of changing trends, quality
      control guidelines, test accuracy, and recommendation for the testing of beta
      lactam drugs.
AB  - The review that follows presents the changing trends in antimicrobial
      susceptibility testing observed from the author's clinical laboratory experience
      and the proficiency testing surveys of the College of American Pathologists
      (CAP). The CAP Microbiology Surveys show a clear trend toward standardized test
      methods of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standard (NCCLS) and
      greater compliance with specified methods' technical steps. This has favorably
      influenced the laboratory performance on proficiency challenges where a 3-5%
      improvement has been noted over the last 5 years for the disk tests (overall
      acceptable rate of 95.2% in 1981). A concurrent increase in dilution test use,
      mainly broth microdilution methods, has resulted in greater than 25% of larger
      hospital laboratories reporting results as MICs (overall acceptable or good
      performance = 98%). Automated systems use also continues to increase, with user
      performance being monitored at an acceptable level. Quality control frequency may
      be reduced to once weekly without compromising test accuracy or patient care, but
      only after adequate daily or concurrent QC performance has been documented. Most
      methods continue to have problems in testing enterococci, methicillin-resistant
      staphylococci, and the class-disk concept appears to be less applicable.
      Recommendations are made for the testing of the newer semisynthetic penicillins
      and cephalosporins based on their spectrum comparability and cross-resistance
      studies with bacteria possessing known susceptibility or resistance mechanisms.
      The concept of "spectrum-class" is introduced with peer drugs within classes. The
      general trends and quality of antimicrobial susceptibility tests seem outstanding
      and point toward continued excellent intra- and interlaboratory reproducibility
      at the national level, primarily due to the efforts of the inspection and
      accreditation agencies, CAP, CDC, and other concerned professional groups.

PMID- 6368106
TI  - Controversies in the treatment of hypertension.

PMID- 6368107
TI  - A tribute: Michael E. DeBakey, M.D.

PMID- 6368108
TI  - Cyclosporin a: a new era in organ transplantation.

PMID- 6368109
TI  - Oral antibiotics in pediatric patients.

PMID- 6368110
TI  - Renal failure in childhood.
AB  - Renal failure in infants and children requires prompt and thorough diagnostic
      evaluation for reversible causes and careful medical management. Congenital
      malformations of the renal parenchyma and urinary drainage system must be
      excluded in any child, even the adolescent. The management of these patients
      requires close cooperation with the (pediatric) urologist. These children are at
      highest risk for the development of complications, such as growth failure,
      osteodystrophy, and urinary tract infections. Prolonged progressive renal
      insufficiency in this group must be anticipated. In contrast, acquired renal
      insults may result in acute, reversible renal failure. Awareness of the
      hemodynamic or nephrotoxic insults that can result in ARF, and appropriate
      diagnostic and therapeutic maneuvers, may minimize morbidity and mortality. CRF
      presents the physician with long-term and complex challenge of medical
      management. Dietary and drug therapy can be remarkably effective in reducing the
      complications of CRF. Rehabilitation with successful renal transplantation is an
      attainable goal for most uremic children.

PMID- 6368111
TI  - Current thinking on tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.
AB  - Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, though less frequently performed now than in the
      1930s, remain among the most common surgical procedures in the United States. The
      need for and benefits of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy have been a source of
      controversy for several decades. Nonetheless, there are situations in which these
      procedures definitely are beneficial. Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy are two
      distinct procedures with separate indications, and they are performed
      concurrently only when the specific indications for each coexist. Tonsillectomy
      is indicated by recurrent tonsillitis, peritonsillar abscess, chronic
      tonsillitis, tonsillar neoplasm, or tonsillar hypertrophy that is obstructive to
      the upper aerodigestive tract (respiratory distress, dysphagia, or interference
      with performance of an adenoidectomy). Adenoidectomy is indicated for nasal
      airway obstruction due to adenoidal enlargement from hypertrophic or inflammatory
      processes. Although correlation exists among obstructive adenoids, mouth
      breathing, and dentofacial anomalies, present evidence is not sufficient to
      justify adenoidectomy solely on the basis of craniofacial or dentofacial
      abnormalities. Today, elimination of an occult source of infection (once called
      focal infection) in patients with disorders such as rheumatic fever or serous
      otitis media is not a valid indication for either operation. Contraindications to
      tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy include bleeding disorders, familial anesthetic
      intolerance, velopharyngeal insufficiency, and concurrent disease that may
      enhance operative risks. Like all surgical procedures, tonsillectomy and
      adenoidectomy entail morbidity and risk of mortality. The most frequent
      complication of these operations is hemorrhage. Risk of mortality is
      approximately 0.006%. Mortality and morbidity can be minimized by appropriate
      preoperative evaluation, complete control of the airway with endotracheal
      anesthesia, and meticulous surgical technique.

PMID- 6368112
TI  - The ethics and economics of high-technology medicine.
AB  - The exceptional advances of modern medicine have restored to productive life many
      patients with previously fatal or disabling diseases, but these very successes
      have raised a host of troubling ethical and economic questions. Reconciling
      society's increasing demands on medicine with the realities of inflation,
      governmental regulations, changing social values, and an aging population poses
      knotty problems, the answers to which will not be found in pious platitudes. To
      expect every American to receive ultrasophisticated health care at bargain
      basement prices is merely delusional. Several resolutions of the controversies
      have been proposed, but real cost-benefit will derive from research into disease
      prevention and greater personal responsibility for maintaining health. Its vocal
      critics notwithstanding, the American health system remains the best in the
      world. Our society must decide whether medicine is to remain a profession or is
      to operate by governmental edict, and we must be prepared to accept the
      consequences of our decision.

PMID- 6368113
TI  - Anovulatory uterine bleeding.
AB  - The patient who seeks medical attention for abnormal vaginal bleeding represents
      an enormous responsibility. The physiologic systems that may be defective are
      numerous. If a diagnosis of dysfunctional uterine bleeding is made there must
      still be an investigation of the hormonal imbalance. The specific cause must be
      known in order to treat the patient effectively. In addition, recent scientific
      advances regarding possible cellular mechanisms for DUB make it imperative that
      the physician be aware of available tests. Certain tests may indicate the
      relative appropriateness of and the prognosis for a particular therapy. The
      treatment is via the addition of progesterone to complete the hormonal milieu.
      Progesterone may be administered either endogenously by ovulation induction or
      exogenously by oral or parenteral progestogens.

PMID- 6368114
TI  - Social class analysis--an embarrassment to epidemiology.

PMID- 6368115
TI  - The Duncan memorial lecture. 'Duncan of Liverpool--and some lessons for today'.

PMID- 6368116
TI  - Heme-iron and ecology of Escherichia coli within the porcine gut.
AB  - Growth of Escherichia coli was followed in sow whey by a turbidometric technique.
      Heme-iron clearly promoted bacterial growth, therefore free heme would be
      dangerous in small intestine by enhancing bacterial growth: duodenal brush border
      membrane (BBM) was seen to bind heme-iron, thus abolishing the growth promoting
      effect of this form of iron. Scatchard analysis of heme-binding onto BBM showed
      that heme became bound by a specific mechanism (KD approximately equal to 10(-7)
      M) as well as non-specifically. The absorption system for iron within the
      enterocytes should be considered an important antibacterial system within the
      gut.

PMID- 6368117
TI  - The effectiveness of inactivated vaccines applied parenterally to sows to control
      Escherichia coli diarrhea in piglets in an industrial fattening farm.
AB  - Different vaccines against Escherichia coli diarrhea of piglets were applied
      parenterally in pregnant sows at an industrial fattening farm. The following
      vaccines were used: vaccine No. 1 with non-complete Freund's adjuvant. Tween 80
      and Arlacel A, comprising O149:K91,K88; O139:K82; O8:K87,K88; O141:K85,K88; and
      O64:K? E. coli serotypes; vaccine No. 2 with paraffin oil instead of Freund's
      adjuvant, comprising the same E. coli serotypes as the vaccine No. 1; stable
      specific vaccine with 10% aluminum hydroxide, based on E. coli serotypes most
      frequently isolated from piglets which died at the farm (O149:K91,K88;
      O8:K87,K88; O20:K17; O64:K?); Gletvax K88 (Wellcome) and NOBI-VAC LT-K88
      (Intervet International). The number of piglets which died up to the moment of
      weaning in comparison to the number of born ones was considered as an indicator
      of acquired protection. It was found that the most effective in conferring
      protection against E. coli diarrhea were: vaccine No. 1 and NOBI-VAC. The
      differences in the mortality rate between piglets originating from sows
      vaccinated with these vaccines and those from unvaccinated ones were
      statistically significant (P less than 0.05). No significant differences were
      noted between controls and animals vaccinated with the remaining vaccines.

PMID- 6368118
TI  - Social olfaction in male brown lemmings (Lemmus sibiricus = trimucronatus) and
      collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus): I. Discrimination of species, sex,
      and estrous condition.
AB  - When tested in a Y-maze olfactometer, sexually experienced and sexually naive
      brown and collared lemmings (Lemmus sibiricus = trimucronatus and Dicrostonyx
      groenlandicus) preferred the odor of conspecific females to the odor of females
      of another species. Both experienced and naive males also preferred the odor of
      conspecific females to that of conspecific males. Only sexually experienced males
      showed a significant preference for estrous over nonestrous conspecific females.
      Sexually experienced males also discriminated between estrous and nonestrous
      heterospecific females of a familiar (lemming) and unfamiliar (meadow vole,
      Microtus pennsylvanicus) species. In conjunction with the results of earlier
      studies of the development of species-specific olfactory preferences, these
      findings suggest that two olfactory cues mediate a male's attraction to receptive
      females: a species-specific odor that is learned during early development and a
      sexual attractant whose saliency is established as a result of adult experience
      with a receptive female.

PMID- 6368119
TI  - Social olfaction in male brown lemmings (Lemmus sibiricus = trimucronatus) and
      collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus): II. Discrimination of mated and
      unmated females.
AB  - When tested in a Y-maze olfactometer, male brown and collared lemmings (Lemmus
      sibiricus = trimucronatus and Dicrostonyx groenlandicus) preferred the odor of
      unmated receptive females to the odor of females with which they had just
      copulated. Similarly, sexually satiated males preferred the odor of an unmated
      receptive female to that of a strange female that had recently copulated with
      another male. Sexually experienced males without recent copulatory experience
      also demonstrated this preference, but sexually naive males did not. Sexually
      satiated collared lemmings preferred the odor of bedding from a novel estrous
      female to bedding from the female with which they had just copulated even when
      the bedding was collected before mating occurred. These results suggest that
      discrimination between prior mates and unmated females may be based on individual
      recognition as well as recognition of subclasses of females (i.e., mated vs.
      unmated, familiar vs. unfamiliar).

PMID- 6368120
TI  - The historic antecedents to the current polemics on involuntary psychiatric
      hospitalization.

PMID- 6368121
TI  - Comparison of three serologic techniques for detection of antibody to Mycoplasma
      pulmonis.
AB  - A comparison of three micro-assay detection systems for naturally occurring and
      experimentally induced rat antibody to Mycoplasma pulmonis was performed. The
      micro-enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay was found superior to counter
      immunoelectrophoresis or complement fixation techniques when comparing
      sensitivity, duration of antibody response, or technical requirements. The
      primary immune response was routinely detected at 3 weeks after antigen exposure
      when using the enzyme linked or complement fixation assays.

PMID- 6368122
TI  - Henry Hecaen (1912-1983).

PMID- 6368123
TI  - Early concepts of anterograde and retrograde amnesia.

PMID- 6368124
TI  - Porosity and specific surface of bone.

PMID- 6368125
TI  - Computers in radiotherapy.

PMID- 6368126
TI  - Biomechanics of human movement with applications to the study of human
      locomotion.
AB  - A review of the biomechanics of human movement is presented and covers the neural
      control of voluntary movement, as it manifests itself in the electromyogram,
      through to detailed kinetic analyses and simulation studies. The body of
      knowledge of muscle performance is covered in detail, from the individual motor
      unit characteristics, through recruitment patterns to the static and dynamic
      characteristics of the total muscle and its relationship to the electromyogram. A
      summary of research into the movement of the skeletal (segmental) system itself
      covers the kinematic data collection systems, the link-segment modeling with
      anthropometric measures, and the inverse dynamics solution of the joint kinetics.
      A critique of current simulation models reveals a diversity of simplifications
      and assumptions that seriously affect the interpretation of results. Similarly, a
      critical assessment of the literature pertaining to mechanical energy, work,
      power and efficiency exposes many varied and anomalous techniques and
      correspondingly confusing interpretations. At all phases of the review the author
      attempts to reconcile differences, criticize obvious errors, and identify
      important contributions.

PMID- 6368127
TI  - High-frequency ventilation.
AB  - Recent experiments have demonstrated that normal pulmonary gas exchange rates can
      be achieved in humans and test animals using high frequency (1 to 30 Hz), low
      volume (comparable to, or less than the dead space volume) oscillations imposed
      at the mouth or through an endotracheal tube. This review examines the different
      methods of High Frequency Ventilation (HFV) and the mechanisms thought to be
      responsible for gas transport, which are intrinsically different than in normal
      tidal breathing. Several potentially important transport mechanisms are
      discussed, including augmented dispersion, bidirectional streaming due to
      asymmetric velocity profiles, direct ventilation of near alveoli, and
      intercompartmental mixing or pendelluft. Models used to predict the rate of gas
      exchange in HFV are described in terms of their theoretical and experimental
      bases. The model predictions are compared to results of physiologic experiments.

PMID- 6368129
TI  - Fellowship programs in critical care medicine--1984.

PMID- 6368128
TI  - Effect of catheter position on thermodilution cardiac output during continuous
      positive-pressure ventilation.
AB  - PEEP may decrease regional perfusion to nondependent lung regions, thereby
      creating different zones of thermal dissipation in dependent and nondependent
      zones of the lung. Under these conditions, the measurement of cardiac output by
      thermodilution may, thus, be influenced by the vertical position of the pulmonary
      artery catheter in the lung. We investigated this hypothesis in 7 healthy,
      anesthetized pigs by comparing cardiac output measurements from thermistors
      located in dependent and nondependent lung regions at varying levels of PEEP. Our
      data from thermistors in these 2 positions were similar, suggesting that the
      measurement of cardiac output by thermodilution is not influenced by the vertical
      position of the thermal sensor with respect to the left atrium.

PMID- 6368130
TI  - Spontaneous eye lesions in laboratory animals: incidence in relation to age.
AB  - Examination of the eye in experiments designed to test the toxicity of drugs or
      chemicals is of considerable importance and the investigator must have a clear
      idea of the spontaneous eye changes he can expect in the test species. We have
      attempted to review the literature relating to commonly used laboratory animals-
      the rat, mouse, and dog as well as the hamster--but as there is still only a
      handful of workers that publish their findings, the literature is not fully
      comprehensive. Our own unpublished data have been used to try and provide a more
      complete account. There is, therefore, a considerable need for further work in
      this area and, in the future, newer techniques such as electron microscopy and
      histochemistry can help us in the understanding of the pathogenesis of age
      related changes in laboratory animals.

PMID- 6368131
TI  - Dipeptidyl peptidase III of human cataractous lenses. Partial purification.
AB  - A partial purification of dipeptidyl peptidase III has been achieved from human
      cataractous lens. The specific activity was increased 45.5-fold over that of the
      original aqueous extract. The exopeptidase exhibited a marked preference for the
      release of Arg-Arg from Arg-Arg-2-NNap at the optimum pH 8.8 and 37 degrees. The
      Km for this substrate was estimated to be 6.061 X 10(-3). Lens DPP III was
      inhibited by EDTA, p-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonate, puromycin and DFP. The
      preparation contained leucyl aminopeptidase and a neutral endopeptidase as
      contaminating proteases.

PMID- 6368132
TI  - Long-term antigen specific and non-specific T-cell lines and clones in uveitis.
AB  - T-cell lines, initially expanded with either mitogens or the uveitogenic S
      antigen obtained from the eyes of three uveitis patients, were maintained in
      vitro for 4-8 weeks. S-antigen specific T-cell clones were derived from the
      peripheral blood of a fourth patient. The surface marker characteristics clearly
      demonstrate these cells to be T-cells. Both OKT4+ and OKT8+ clones and cell lines
      were found using immunofluorescence microscopy, an ELISA technique, or the laser
      cytofluorograph, but some could be only definitely identified as T-cells with the
      antibody to the IL-2 receptor, and not the OKT series of monoclonal anti-sera.
      These studies underscore how dynamic the expression of T-cell membrane markers
      can be, and that commercially available monoclonal anti-sera to T-cell membrane
      markers may not identify all T-cells in long term culture. This is the first
      report of the isolation of an antigen specific T-cell clone relevant to the eye,
      and the technique described will allow clonal expansion of ocular cells in order
      to study their functional characteristics.

PMID- 6368133
TI  - Prolapsed mitral valve: the commonest valve disease?

PMID- 6368134
TI  - The epidemiology of pertussis and pertussis immunization in the United Kingdom
      and the United States: a comparative study.
AB  - Pertussis is a common serious illness of childhood that can be controlled by
      immunization. It is a unique disease in that it is clinically manifested more
      often in females than in males. In the 20th century the mortality from pertussis
      has decreased steadily in both the United Kingdom and the United States. This
      decline in death rate was well underway prior to the introduction of pertussis
      vaccine but was accelerated after vaccine use became widespread. In recent years
      the case fatality rate in the United States has been considerably greater than
      that in the United Kingdom. One obvious reason for this difference is the
      difference in age-specific attack rates in the two nations. Available data also
      suggest that recent pertussis deaths in infants in England and Wales may
      frequently be reported as due to respiratory diseases other than pertussis.
      Although it is frequently suggested by some observers, there is no evidence that
      the incidence of pertussis was declining prior to the widespread use of vaccine.
      All available evidence indicates that pertussis vaccine use in both the United
      Kingdom and the United States was responsible for a drastic reduction in the
      magnitude of both endemic and epidemic pertussis. Decreased utilization of
      pertussis vaccine in England and Wales beginning in 1975 resulted in two major
      epidemics of pertussis in 1977-1979 and 1982-1983. Moderate local and systemic
      reactions commonly occur following pertussis immunization. These reactions appear
      to be less common and less severe in the United Kingdom than in the United
      States, but in contrast to recent studies in the United States, there are no
      recent quantitative studies in the United Kingdom. There are virtually no data
      available in the United States on the incidence of serious neurologic disease
      resulting from pertussis immunization. In contrast, the recently published
      findings of the NCES, a case-control study of national scope, have allowed
      attributable risk estimates of serious neurologic disease to be made. Although
      the NCES was a carefully controlled study, its findings in regard to attributable
      risk were surprisingly similar to those of several other studies in which no
      allowance was made for background encephalopathy due to other causes.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6368135
TI  - Mechanical ventilation: physiology and application.

PMID- 6368136
TI  - Cardiovascular trauma.

PMID- 6368137
TI  - Unusual C-band patterns in three karyotypically rearranged forms of Scapteromys
      (Rodentia, Cricetidae) from Brazil.
AB  - Chromosome studies of 30 specimens of the rodent Scapteromys collected at nine
      localities in southern Brazil revealed the occurrence of three karyotypic taxa
      with 2n = 36 (one locality), 34 (two localities), and 24 (six localities),
      although all three had 40 autosomal arms (AN). The G-band analysis indicated that
      this reduction in diploid number was mainly due to Robertsonian translocations
      which have occurred along a gradient, possibly in two independent evolutive
      routes. The C-bands occur on one autosomal pair and on the X and Y in the 2n = 36
      and 34 forms and on the X and Y chromosomes only in the 2n = 24 taxon. The broad
      genomic reorganization which has occurred in this genus, in which the chromosomes
      do not have large amounts of constitutive heterochromatin, argues against the
      idea that a large amount of constitutive heterochromatin favors chromosome
      evolution and speciation.

PMID- 6368139
TI  - [Effect of autogenous bone marrow transplants on the healing of slit-like
      mandibular defects in rabbits].

PMID- 6368138
TI  - An X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y mechanism of sex determination in a South American rodent,
      Deltamys kempi (Rodentia, Cricetidae).
AB  - Chromosome studies on 14 specimens of Deltamys kempi disclosed six males with 2n
      = 37, NF = 38, six females with 2n = 38, NF = 38, and two females with 2n = 37,
      NF = 38. G- and C-band analyses revealed a Y-autosome translocation in the males
      leading to a multiple chromosome system of sex determination of the type
      X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y, this being the second case of such a mechanism described in
      rodents. At meiosis the males presented a trivalent in which C-banding studies
      showed an alternate orientation of the sex chromosomes due to end-to-end
      association of the X1 and Y chromosomes, the Y and the X2 being held together by
      interstitial chiasmata. At metaphase II both n = 17 + Y and n = 18 + X1 are
      regularly observed. The two females with 2n = 37, NF = 38, are heterozygous for
      an autosomal centric fusion involving chromosomes 1 and 13. The product of the Y
      autosome translocation constitutes the largest element of the karyotype (9.4% of
      the haploid set); the X1 chromosome amounts to 7.8% of this set, including a
      large heterochromatic block. When only its euchromatic region is considered, this
      percentage decreases to 4.6%. From two to seven NORs were observed at the
      telomeres, with a mean of 4.4 +/- 1.1 per cell.

PMID- 6368140
TI  - Computerized information retrieval. A new technology and a new service.

PMID- 6368141
TI  - Fenoterol in exercise-induced asthma. Effect of dose on efficacy and duration of
      action.
AB  - The effectiveness of inhaled fenoterol doses of 0.4 mg and 0.8 mg in preventing
      exercise-induced asthma was investigated in 12 patients. Exercise-induced asthma
      was prevented by both doses for two hours after administration, but the effect of
      neither dose was significantly different from that of placebo four hours after.
      There was no statistically significant difference between the effects of the two
      fenoterol doses; and only a few patients were protected for more than two hours
      by the higher dose.

PMID- 6368142
TI  - Cardiovascular-pulmonary monitoring in the intensive care unit (Part 1).

PMID- 6368143
TI  - Update on the clinical diagnosis, management, and pathogenesis of pulmonary
      alveolar proteinosis (phospholipidosis).

PMID- 6368144
TI  - Successful treatment of fetal supraventricular tachycardia with maternal digoxin
      therapy.
AB  - In a fetus with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and cardiac failure, normal
      sinus rhythm (NSR) was restored with maternal digoxin therapy at 26 weeks'
      gestation. The diagnosis of cardiac failure was based on ultrasound evidence of
      ascites and scalp edema. Cardiac failure was attributed to the persistent SVT.
      The infant remained in NSR and was delivered at 36 weeks' gestation because of
      persistent ascites. Intracardiac anatomy was normal. This case confirms the
      usefulness of prenatal ultrasound examinations in the diagnosis of fetal SVT and
      cardiac failure and illustrates the effectiveness and safety of transplacental
      digoxin therapy in the management of fetal SVT.

PMID- 6368145
TI  - Chronic mountain sickness at an elevation of 2,000 meters.
AB  - A resident living at Lake Tahoe, Calif, at an elevation of 2,000 meters, had
      fatigue, edema, and erythrocythemia. Hematocrit was 63 percent, and arterial
      blood gas values revealed hypoxemia and respiratory acidosis. Results of
      pulmonary function tests, sleep study, and thyroid function all were normal.
      Erythrocytosis, cor pulmonale, and respiratory acidosis resolved after the
      patient moved to sea level. This patient suffered from chronic mountain sickness.
      Her symptoms resolved with relief of hypoxia.

PMID- 6368146
TI  - What determines the degradation rate of an injected protein?
AB  - The fusion of cultured mammalian cells to red blood cells loaded with specific
      proteins provides a powerful system for the study of intracellular proteolysis.
      During the past four years the degradation rates of more than 30 proteins have
      been examined after their injection into HeLa cells. Results from these studies
      support the legitimacy of the microinjection approach. They also provide insight
      into the mechanism of intracellular proteolysis.

PMID- 6368148
TI  - An evaluation of theophylline for idiopathic apnea of infancy.
AB  - 19 infants admitted with a diagnosis of infantile apnea who were found to have
      periodic breathing were given oral theophylline to determine its effect. They
      were studied at a mean age of 7.1 weeks (1-16.4 week). Each infant was studied
      during two naps, immediately before and 7 days following the institution of
      theophylline therapy, which averaged 2.8 h in duration during which electro
      oculograms, end-tidal CO2, heart rate, impedance respirations, and transcutaneous
      pO2 (tcpO2) were continuously monitored. Theophylline therapy (mean dose 2.3
      mg/kg q. 6 h) was associated with a significant reduction of apnea attack rates
      in both REM and non-REM sleep. Periodic breathing and the number of minutes per
      hour of sleep during which the TC pO2 was between 40-50 mm Hg in non-REM sleep
      also decreased. There was no significant reduction in the number of obstructive
      apneas, the number of bradycardias with apnea, nor the largest single fall in
      tcpO2. Theophylline can significantly reduce central apnea and periodicity in the
      age group studied, but the long-term effects of such therapy require further
      assessment.

PMID- 6368147
TI  - Stimulation of gastric prostaglandin synthesis by refeeding in the rat. Role in
      protection of gastric mucosa from damage.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to determine whether feeding stimulates
      prostaglandin (PG) synthesis in the gastric mucosa and whether this might play a
      role in the defensive mechanism of the gastric mucosa. The effect of refeeding on
      the formation of gastric lesions induced by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
      and on the generation of prostaglandin in the gastric mucosa was investigated. In
      the fasted rat aspirin and indomethacin produced many lesions in the corpus, but
      few or no lesions in the antrum. Refeeding of chow pellets before aspirin or
      indomethacin significantly decreased the corpus lesions, but provoked lesions in
      the antrum. When each drug was given before the refeeding, the protection against
      corpus lesions by refeeding was reduced and the lesions in the antrum were
      significantly increased. Mucosal generation of 6-keto-PGF 1 alpha (a stable
      metabolite of PGI2) and PGF2 alpha was measured ex vivo by the method of Whittle.
      The generation of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and PGF2 alpha in the fasted rat deprived of
      food for 24 hr was 1761 +/- 170 and 217 +/- 7 ng/min/g tissue in the corpus
      mucosa, and 2958 +/- 217 and 453 +/- 33 ng/min/g tissue in the antral mucosa,
      respectively. Refeeding of chow pellets significantly increased the generation of
      both prostaglandins in the antral mucosa and of PGF2 alpha in the corpus mucosa,
      but did not affect the generation of PGI2 in the corpus mucosa.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6368149
TI  - Improved control of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus by combined
      halofenate and chlorpropamide therapy.
AB  - Combined halofenate-chlorpropamide was evaluated for the treatment of NIDDM. Four
      subjects treated with 500 mg/day chlorpropamide were given 500-1000 mg halofenate
      daily for 48 wk or longer. Fasting plasma glucose fell from 210 +/- 16 (+/- SEM)
      (11.67 +/- 0.89 mM) to 107 +/- 10 mg/dl (+/- SEM) (5.94 +/- 0.55 mM), P less than
      0.005. Twelve additional subjects were entered into a 16-wk double-blind study
      testing chlorpropamide plus either placebo or halofenate. In the halofenate
      group, the mean fasting glucose fell from 227 +/- 27 (+/- SEM) (12.61 +/- 1.50
      mM) and reached 107 +/- 19 mg/dl (+/- SEM) (5.94 +/- 1.06 mM) during the fourth
      month, whereas the placebo groups showed a decrease from 242 +/- 22 (+/- SEM) to
      208 +/- 29 mg/dl (+/- SEM) (P less than 0.005). In addition, halofenate reduced
      the height of postprandial glycemic excursions by lowering fasting plasma
      glucose. When halofenate was used as the only therapy, reduction in fasting
      plasma glucose was small [179 +/- 12 reduced to 142 +/- 8 mg/dl (+/- SEM); 9.94
      +/- 0.67 mM and 7.89 +/- 0.44 mM], P less than 0.05.

PMID- 6368150
TI  - The Memphis and Atlanta continuing care programs for diabetes. II. Comparative
      analyses of demographic characteristics, treatment methods, and outcomes over a 9
      10-year follow-up period.
AB  - A total of 1467 black patients (911 in Atlanta, 556 in Memphis) were selected
      (1969-70) and followed longitudinally and prospectively until death (404
      patients) or through 31 December 1979, when 676 were alive and active and 387
      were lost to follow-up. The women/men ratio in each cohort was 4.7/1. Women had
      more excess body wt than men at maximum weight and at time of diagnosis. At
      selection, the Atlanta cohort was older (60.2 vs 56.8 yr), had diabetes longer
      (7.5 vs 5.2 yr), and had a higher initial mean random plasma glucose (MRPG) level
      (217 vs 195 mg/dl) than the Memphis cohort. The Atlanta cohort was on
      sulfonylurea/phenformin therapy, which was discontinued at entry. After 9-10 yr
      follow-up, the MRPG level was not significantly different from the initial level
      in either cohort, and the Atlanta cohort level was still significantly higher
      (221 vs 185 mg/dl). Mean weight loss after 9-10 yr follow-up was significantly
      greater in Atlanta (17.7 vs 6.8 lb). Those under good control in 1979, as
      indicated by random plasma glucose (RPG) of less than 150 mg/dl, lost more weight
      (means: Atlanta, 23 lb; Memphis, 8.7 lb) than those under poor control in 1979
      (RPG greater than 300 mg/dl; means: Atlanta, 14.7 lb; Memphis, 1.3 lb). In the
      pooled alive and active cohorts (1979), 29.1% were under good control (RPG less
      than 150 mg/dl); 52.9%, fair control (RPG = 150-300 mg/dl); and 18.0%, poor
      control (RPG greater than 300 mg/dl). Of the 639 alive and active patients,
      paired plasma glucose levels were less than 200 mg/dl in 207 patients in 1969-70
      and less than 200 mg/dl in 322 in 1979.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6368151
TI  - Fasting early morning rise in peripheral insulin: evidence of the dawn phenomenon
      in nondiabetes.
AB  - The dawn phenomenon, a tendency for glucose to rise between 0500 and 0800 h in
      subjects with diabetes, is also reflected as an increase in insulin required to
      maintain normoglycemia during closed-loop insulin infusion. Individuals without
      diabetes have minimal or absent rises in early morning glucose. To test the
      hypothesis that the absence of early morning glucose increases in subjects
      without diabetes is due to an increase in insulin levels, we measured insulin
      levels from 2400 to 0800 h in four male and two female volunteers. Subjects were
      on an unrestricted diet with three main meals and one bedtime snack at 2100 h.
      Blood samples were collected continuously in hourly pools by a constant-rate
      withdrawal pump. We observed the following: (1) hourly integrated concentration
      of glucose was stable from 2400 to 0800 h (range of mean plasma values, 94.5-97.3
      mg/dl), and (2) hourly integrated concentration of insulin increased from the
      0300-0400 (4.6 microU/ml) to the 0700-0800-h pool (6.2 microU/ml) (P less than
      0.05). The observed increase in insulin in the early morning hours despite stable
      levels of glucose indicates a temporally increased insulin need in nondiabetic
      individuals similar to that found in individuals with diabetes. The mechanism
      underlying this increased insulin need may be similar in diabetes and
      nondiabetes, with the ensuing rise in glucose being dependent on the availability
      of compensatory insulin.

PMID- 6368152
TI  - Anti-insulin antibody titers do not influence control or insulin requirements in
      early pregnancy.
AB  - IgG antibodies (AB) to insulin have been reported to influence insulin
      requirements and control in patients who have taken insulin for prolonged periods
      of time. Nineteen pregnant type I diabetic patients (C-peptide less than 0.03
      pmol/ml) were studied in their fifth week of gestation after the establishment of
      normoglycemia. Mean age was 27.5 yr and duration of diabetes, 14.2 yr (range: 1
      23 yr). IgG AB to beef and pork insulin were measured. IgG AB to insulin were
      encountered in all diabetic patients (range: 103-6736 microU/ml). None of the
      nondiabetic pregnant controls in their fifth week of gestation (N = 17) had
      detectable (greater than 50 microU/ml) AB levels. The antibody titer did not
      affect the insulin requirement (P greater than 0.2, NS) or ability to achieve
      normoglycemia. AB levels were correlated with years of treatment with
      conventional insulin preparations (r = 0.73; P less than 0.001). At 5 wk
      postmenstruation the mean AB level in the patients with less than 10 yr duration
      of diabetes (N = 7) was 727 microU/ml and mean insulin requirement was 0.7
      U/kg/24 h. In the group of patients with greater than 10 yr duration of diabetes
      (N = 12) the mean antibody titer was 3716 microU/ml and the insulin requirement
      was also 0.7 U/kg/24 h. IgG AB to insulin increase with increasing duration of
      treatment with beef/pork insulin. IgG AB do not affect the insulin requirement or
      the ability to achieve normoglycemia during early pregnancy.

PMID- 6368153
TI  - Carbohydrate metabolism in African women with twin pregnancy.
AB  - Carbohydrate metabolism was evaluated in 21 twin pregnancies and in 21 women with
      singleton pregnancies. The groups were matched for age, weight, parity, and
      period of gestation. A 100-g oral glucose tolerance test was performed on all 42
      subjects. No significant differences in venous plasma glucose responses were
      found between singleton and twin pregnancies. The only significant difference
      between the insulin responses of the two groups was a lower plasma insulin
      concentration at 60 min in the twin group (P less than 0.03).

PMID- 6368154
TI  - Obesity does not modulate insulin secretion in Indian patients with non-insulin
      dependent diabetes in the young.
AB  - The insulin response to a 100-g oral glucose load was studied in 40 obese
      (percent desirable weight greater than or equal to 120%) and 40 nonobese (less
      than 120%) age- and sex-matched Indian patients with non-insulin-dependent
      diabetes in the young. There were no significant differences between the obese
      and nonobese patients with respect to their insulin and glucose responses. Thus,
      it appears that obesity does not exert a significant modulating effect on insulin
      secretion in patients with fasting hyperglycemia.

PMID- 6368155
TI  - Hypoglycemia in a diabetes nurse care coordinator.
AB  - A 26-yr-old registered nurse who is employed as a diabetes nurse care coordinator
      had episodes of symptomatic fasting hypoglycemia associated with hyperinsulinemia
      and a relatively suppressed plasma C-peptide concentration, arousing the
      suspicion of self-induced illness. However, using a species-specific
      radioimmunoassay, the species of insulin during an episode of hypoglycemia was
      determined to be human in origin. Once the patient's illness was attributed to
      endogenous insulin hypersecretion, prompt surgical intervention and the diagnosis
      of nesidioblastosis in an adult was made.

PMID- 6368156
TI  - Morphine, opioid peptides, and pancreatic islet function.
AB  - Since the isolation of enkephalins 7 yr ago, there has been an explosive increase
      in knowledge and an enormous interest in the action of both exogenous and
      endogenous opiates. This review deals with the interaction of opiates with the
      endocrine pancreas. The results of animal studies performed in vitro do not allow
      any conclusion to be drawn, because the effects of opioid peptides on pancreatic
      hormone release seem dependent on many variables, including the agent
      investigated, dose administered, concentration of glucose in the medium, and
      experimental procedure used. The results of in vivo animal studies suggest that
      central administration of opiates and opioid peptides acts indirectly via the
      sympathetic nervous system to cause hyperglycemia and impaired insulin secretion,
      while peripheral administration tends to stimulate insulin and glucagon
      secretion. This last statement seems also to be true for studies performed in
      human beings. The narcotic addict offers a model to evaluate the hormonal and
      metabolic effects of a chronically administered agent that binds and activates
      endogenous receptors. In these subjects, it is possible to find increased
      concentrations of glycosylated hemoglobin A1 and a marked reduction of the acute
      insulin response to intravenous glucose, but not to arginine, which suggests a
      state of defective glucose recognition by pancreatic beta-cells during narcotic
      addiction. Thus, the heroin addict, like patients with non-insulin-dependent
      diabetes, does not respond appropriately to glucose signals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6368157
TI  - [Synthetic absorbable polyglactine sutures in cataract surgery].

PMID- 6368158
TI  - Occlusive and aneurysmal disease of the renal arterial circulation.

PMID- 6368159
TI  - Clinical disorders of aldosterone metabolism.

PMID- 6368160
TI  - [Immunofluorescent study of the hematopoietic cell antigens in a number of
      vertebrates].

PMID- 6368161
TI  - [Induction of repetitive nucleotide sequences in the Tcr gene of plasmid pBR 322
      resulting from gene-directed mutagenesis].

PMID- 6368162
TI  - [Changes in the radiosensitivity of Escherichia coli cells with cholesterol
      incorporated into their membranes].

PMID- 6368163
TI  - [Role of the structure of the internal mitochondrial membrane in regulating the
      proteolysis of mitochondrial translation products].

PMID- 6368164
TI  - [New marker effect of intragenic recombination in saccharomycete yeasts].

PMID- 6368165
TI  - Doubts about dipyridamole as an antithrombotic drug.

PMID- 6368166
TI  - [Pulsatile therapy of hypothalamic amenorrhea with gonadotropin releasing
      hormone].

PMID- 6368167
TI  - [Treatment of recurrent herpes simplex with thymopoietin-pentapeptide].
AB  - Treatment resistant recurrent herpes simplex persisting for years in 7 patients
      was treated with thymopoietin pentapeptide for 6 weeks, 50 mg subcutaneously
      three times per week. During treatment and follow-up of 6 weeks a pronounced
      reduction of frequency and duration of recurrences were observed. There was some
      tendency for normalisation of deranged lymphocyte and granulocyte function. The
      mode of action of thymopoietin pentapeptide in recurrent herpes simplex remains
      uncertain. An indirect effect via stimulation of production of interferon may be
      assumed.

PMID- 6368168
TI  - [Adult form of acid maltase deficiency presenting as progressive spinal muscular
      atrophy].
AB  - As far as could be elucidated, a sporadic manifestation of a slowly progressing
      muscular weakness and atrophy had commenced in a female patient symmetrically in
      the pelvic girdle and thigh region at the age of about 22 years. Only at the age
      of 55 years a precise neurological examination was done. On the basis of clinical
      and electromyographic data spinal muscular atrophy of the Kugelberg-Welander type
      was diagnosed. Muscular biopsy demonstrated severe far-progressed neurogenic
      muscular atrophy. In addition, increased storage of PAS-positive material was
      noticed. This was particularly true in the sparsely preserved, non-denervated
      muscular areas changed in the manner of an accompanying myopathy. Complementing
      electron microscopy and pathobiochemistry in the muscular biopsy showed an adult
      form of lack of acid maltase (Pompe's disease) aetiologically. This enzyme defect
      could also be demonstrated in the white cells of this patient.

PMID- 6368169
TI  - [Acute respiratory failure in a medical intensive care unit. Incidence and
      prognosis].
AB  - Acute respiratory failure had occurred in 89 of 1594 patients in a medical
      intensive care unit (5.6%), 26.8% of all patients (332) on long-term mechanical
      ventilation. Compared with the other chronically ventilated patients those with
      acute respiratory failure averaged a lower age, the proportion of women was
      higher and the duration of ventilation longer. The death rate was significantly
      higher (78.7% compared with 58.3%). The important prognostic factors included the
      underlying disease, additional abnormal organ function, severity of pulmonary gas
      exchange abnormality, and advanced age. If there was septicaemia, peritonitis,
      liver cirrhosis with bleeding oesophageal varices or polytrauma with acute renal
      failure the death rate was over 80%; after hypovolaemic shock, pancreatitis or
      postoperative pulmonary failure it was less than 65%. Patients who had abnormal
      function of at most one other organ in addition and an inspiratory arterial pO2
      difference below 250 mm Hg, measured 12 hours after onset of mechanical
      ventilation, had a relatively favourable prognosis with a death rate of 33%,
      while in the other groups of patients it was 86-100%.

PMID- 6368170
TI  - [Diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis in cattle using intra vitam cultured blood
      samples].

PMID- 6368172
TI  - [Chiron. A further collection and interpretation of testimonies].

PMID- 6368171
TI  - [Ethological choice experiments with early weaned piglets kept in flat decks. 3.
      Results of studies of appropriate space dimensions for piglets].

PMID- 6368173
TI  - [Liquid manure systems].

PMID- 6368174
TI  - [Effect of insufficient magnesium supply on fertility in rabbits].

PMID- 6368175
TI  - [Enzyme studies in up to 3-month-old sick calves and the results of factor
      analysis].

PMID- 6368176
TI  - [Comparative studies of guinea pig and mouse tests for the detection of Coxiella
      burnetii--and a study of Q fever distribution in south and central Hessen].

PMID- 6368177
TI  - [Prevalence of Q fever in indigenous cattle].

PMID- 6368178
TI  - [Behavioral disorders in intensively kept fattening bulls].

PMID- 6368179
TI  - [Heterozygosity grade of blood groups and the performance of cattle--possible
      application to breeding].

PMID- 6368180
TI  - [Current results of veterinary feed advisement. 4. Composition of green forage
      and silage for ruminants: studies of single feeds for ruminants in problem stocks
      (a report of experience)].

PMID- 6368181
TI  - [Incidence of hyperthermia during immobilization of European otters (Lutra lutra)
      with ketamine hydrochloride].

PMID- 6368182
TI  - [Cardiology of cattle: principles and future aspects].

PMID- 6368183
TI  - GnRH and its analogues. Current therapeutic applications and new prospects.

PMID- 6368184
TI  - Sucralfate. A review of its pharmacodynamic properties and therapeutic use in
      peptic ulcer disease.
AB  - Sucralfate is a basic aluminium salt of sulphated sucrose which is advocated for
      use in peptic ulcer disease. It is minimally absorbed after oral administration
      and is believed to act primarily at the ulcer site by protecting the ulcer from
      the effects of pepsin, acid and possibly bile salts. Controlled therapeutic
      trials have demonstrated that sucralfate 1g 4 times daily is effective in
      increasing the rate of healing of duodenal and gastric ulcer over a period of 4
      to 8 weeks. Trials comparing sucralfate and cimetidine have not found any
      significant difference in efficacy between the drugs in small numbers of
      patients. A dosage of 2g daily given prophylactically decreases the rate of
      recurrence of duodenal ulcers, but the efficacy of sucralfate in preventing
      relapse of gastric ulcers has yet to be clearly demonstrated. Sucralfate is
      particularly well tolerated. Constipation, the most common side effect, occurs in
      2% of patients. Thus, sucralfate offers an effective and well tolerated
      alternative for the management of peptic ulcer disease.

PMID- 6368186
TI  - Response of falciparum malaria to a standard regimen of chloroquine in Khartoum
      Province, Sudan.

PMID- 6368185
TI  - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Current status and rational therapeutic
      use.
AB  - Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), the first of the NSAIDs (introduced in 1899), was
      initially never referred to as an anti-inflammatory agent. It was the advent of
      cortisone in 1949 that demonstrated dramatically that corticosteroids had anti
      inflammatory properties and the term 'non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug' was
      first used when phenylbutazone was introduced 3 years later. Since then, the
      NSAIDs have proliferated. There is to date no good evidence that they halt
      progression of rheumatoid disease, but by easing pain and diminishing swelling
      they make life much easier in osteoarthrosis, rheumatoid arthritis and many other
      types of arthritis, and are the drugs of first choice in acute gout. Their mode
      (or modes) of action are obscure and though inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase
      (prostaglandin synthetase) is clearly important, other mechanisms are also
      involved. The assessment of the anti-inflammatory action of these agents has
      received considerable attention in clinical trials because, whatever their action
      may be in experimental animal models, their action in inflamed joints in human
      patients must be ascertained, since there may be little parallel between the two.
      Different experimental animal models give different results with various agents
      and often bear little relation to their therapeutic action in man. No attempt has
      been made here to review in depth all the NSAIDs that have appeared since 1952.
      All have anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity and all can cause
      gastrointestinal side effects, though effectiveness and toxicity vary from drug
      to drug and patient to patient, there being very great interpatient variability.
      Non-reactors, patients who apparently fail to respond to certain agents, need
      further study, for it seems that these subjects may metabolise these agents
      differently from others. Considerable ingenuity has been shown not only in
      evolving new NSAIDs but in finding new ways of administering them. The number and
      variety of NSAIDs in their various forms varies greatly from country to country,
      depending largely on the regulatory bodies of those countries. In the meantime,
      the search for a better, less toxic compound continues with the hope that one may
      be found which has a deeper and more basic action on the underlying disease
      process.

PMID- 6368187
TI  - The effect of age on the specific immunoglobulin levels and immunofluorescence
      patterns in patients infected with S. mansoni.

PMID- 6368188
TI  - A clinical and bacteriological evaluation of Augmentin: a new broad spectrum
      antibiotic in general practice.

PMID- 6368189
TI  - [Rotavirus and malabsorption. Immunofluorescence microscopy studies of small
      intestine specimens].
AB  - Only 20% of the total of diarrheas in childhood are caused by bacteria . Compared
      to it, very often the causes for such diseases are viruses, especially rotavirus.
      The virus - localisation is known to be in enterocytes of the duodenal or jejunal
      mucosa. So it is probable that a destruction of villous structure linked with
      diminishing of enzyme activities-especially of lactase--can occur. 53 mucosa
      specimens were investigated from children by means of fluorescence microscopy.
      Cryo-cut-slices (8-10 mu) were fixed in acetone and marked with self-prepared
      rotavirus-hyperimmuneserum (against SA11-virus) and examined using the microscope
      Fluoval. The distribution of fluorescence along the villi or flat surface was
      semiquantitatively evaluated. All the investigated children - aged 1-15 years -
      had been suspected for malabsorption. In 23 of them rotavirus antigen was
      detected and partly a low activity of disaccharidases, especially of lactase, but
      also there were simultaneously 7 cases of confirmed coeliac disease in this
      group. So we conclude: In some patients the rotavirus infection is a complication
      of malabsorption syndromes; or in other cases it is an asymptomatic accidental
      finding in the small intestine mucosa.

PMID- 6368190
TI  - [X-ray study of model cast frameworks].

PMID- 6368191
TI  - [Carbon uptake of ceramically veneerable palladium-containing alloys during
      melting in a graphite crucible].

PMID- 6368192
TI  - [Thermometric studies using internally cooled and uncooled burs on the jaws and
      teeth].

PMID- 6368193
TI  - [A special etching procedure for studying the enamel under the scanning electron
      microscope].

PMID- 6368194
TI  - [Neumann's dentin sheaths and Tomes' dentin fibers. On the 150th anniversary of
      the birth of Konigsberg pathologist Ernst Christian Neumann].

PMID- 6368195
TI  - [Changes in rat liver microsome enzymes in acute endotoxin exposure].

PMID- 6368196
TI  - [Quantitative determination of the activity of anti-sheep erythrocyte antibodies
      with 51Cr-labelled erythrocytes].

PMID- 6368197
TI  - [Antidepressive action, pharmacokinetic characteristics and biochemical
      properties of cimoxatone, a new reversible MAO-A inhibitor].
AB  - Cimoxatone is a new monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) in comparison to the
      existing non-selective and irreversible MAOIs used in the therapy of depression.
      A clinical study has been carried out in 10 depressed patients. Cimoxatone was
      given from 0.32 to 0.78 mg/kg/day for 28 days. The drug was shown to be effective
      against depression and well tolerated at the given doses. The inhibition of
      monoamine oxidase and its reversibility were assessed by urinary excretion of 3
      methoxy-4-hydroxy- phenylethyleneglycol sulphate. The treatment had no effect on
      the plasma prolactin levels. The plasma concentrations of cimoxatone reached a
      plateau after 3 to 4 days of therapy. The study confirmed earlier findings in
      healthy volunteers that the principal metabolite is also active as a type A MAOI.
      The plasma elimination of cimoxatone and its metabolite is almost complete 4 days
      after the last dosing.

PMID- 6368198
TI  - [Emotions and hemispheric lateralization. Review of the literature].
AB  - In the last 10 years a very large number of clinical and experimental
      investigations have been devoted to the study of the relationships between
      emotions and cerebral dominance. The aim of the present survey is to summarize
      the most important results obtained along the following lines of research: -
      analysis of emotional behavior associated with unilateral brain lesions; -
      experimental research conducted both in brain-damaged patients and in normal
      subjects to study the processing of emotional informations and the expression of
      emotions; --investigations conducted in patients with right and left temporal
      lobe epilepsy; --studies conducted on psychiatric patients. Two main
      interpretations of the relationships between emotions and cerebral dominance are
      considered: a) the first assumes the existence at the level of the right and left
      hemisphere of two specific mechanisms underlying opposite (positive vs negative)
      aspects of mood; b) the second assumes, on the contrary, an overall dominance of
      the right hemisphere for various kinds of emotions and affects. Data in favour of
      either interpretation are reported and some implications for psychopathology are
      shortly discussed.

PMID- 6368199
TI  - Effect of corticosterone on carbamylcholine-, leucine-, or calcium-induced
      insulin secretion by the isolated perfused rat pancreas.
AB  - Using the isolated pancreas of male Sprague-Dawley rats, three different
      concentrations of glucose were tested in the perfusion medium: 4.0, 6.7, and 9.4
      mM. The insulinotropic effects of several potent secretagogues were examined with
      and without a 10(-7)-M corticosterone-21-acetate (CS) background. When the
      perfusion medium contained 4.0 mM glucose, there was no insulin secretion in the
      basal state, but 10(-6)M carbamylcholine chloride, 5 mM L-leucine, and 5 mM
      calcium chloride elicited moderate but sharp responses of insulin output. When
      the secretagogues were superimposed on CS infusion, their stimulatory effects
      were abolished. When the perfusion medium contained 6.7 mM glucose, a steady
      insulin secretion was observed. A 4- to 5-fold stimulation of insulin release was
      elicited by carbamylcholine, leucine, and calcium. With CS in the perfusate, the
      secretagogues were ineffective. However, at a higher glucose level (9.4 mM), the
      stimulants could partially escape the inhibitory effects of CS. It is concluded
      that CS may play a role in the regulation of insulin output by directly
      modulating the activities of some potent secretagogues.

PMID- 6368200
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of relaxin immunoreactivity in corpora lutea of
      pregnant rats.
AB  - Relaxin was localized in cells of corpora lutea of pregnant rats at the
      ultrastructural level using a highly specific antirat relaxin serum and the
      unlabeled peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. Electron-dense, membrane-bound
      granules (maximum diameter, 270 nm), which are present in luteal cells during the
      last third of gestation, were the only inclusions that were immunochemically
      stained. The number of granules observed in the luteal cell cytoplasm varied from
      cell to cell within a particular section. Furthermore, in the granule-rich luteal
      cells, the granules appeared in clusters. This study establishes that these
      electron-dense granules represent the subcellular sites of relaxin localization
      within luteal cells of pregnant rats.

PMID- 6368201
TI  - Characterization of monoclonal antibody 3G5 and utilization of this antibody to
      immobilize pancreatic islet cell gangliosides in a solid phase radioassay.
AB  - Monoclonal antibody 3G5, which was initially produced by immunization of mice
      with fetal rat brain, reacts specifically by indirect immunofluorescence with all
      cells of the pancreatic islets of human, rat, mouse, and bovine pancreas. This
      antibody reacts with the cell surface of isolated islet cells as well as the rat
      (RIN5F) insulinoma cell line. Antibody 3G5 reacts with islets, thyroid follicular
      cells, pituitary, and the adrenal medulla of a pattern similar to but distinct
      from those of antibody A2B5 and tetanus toxin, both of which react with complex
      gangliosides (sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids). The antigen with which
      antibody 3G5 reacts also has the properties of ganglioside (neuraminidase
      sensitive, extracted into chloroform-methanol, partitioned into a methanol-water
      phase, soluble in water, and nondialyzable). Antibody 3G5, adsorbed to polyvinyl
      plates, can immobilize islet ganglioside micelles to which 125I-labeled 3G5,
      A2B5, and tetanus toxin all bind. The ability to immobilize micelles containing
      several complex gangliosides has led to a solid phase radioassay to detect
      antiganglioside antibodies. Monoclonal antibody 3G5 joins antibody A2B5 and
      tetanus toxin as markers for distinct complex gangliosides found on pancreatic
      islets and neurons.

PMID- 6368202
TI  - New powerful insulin-like protein from human promyelocytic leukemia cells.
AB  - Potent insulin-like activity was found in the conditioned medium of human
      promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells. The conditioned medium of HL-60 cells at
      high density stimulated [3H]glucose incorporation into lipids in rat adipocytes
      in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The dose-response curve for this factor was
      not parallel to that for insulin, and the maximal effect achieved was much
      greater than reached by insulin or multiplication-stimulating activity. Moreover,
      the maximal effect reached by either insulin or the conditioned medium was
      additive. The insulin-like activity was not suppressed in the presence of
      antiinsulin antibody. Insulin-like activity was not detectable by radioreceptor
      assay for insulin, suggesting that the factor does not act through the insulin
      receptor. The factor in the conditioned medium of HL-60 cells was heat stable and
      sensitive to trypsin. When the conditioned medium was subjected to gel filtration
      on a Sephadex G-100 column, the major part of insulin-like activity eluted in the
      position corresponding to an apparent molecular weight between RNAase and insulin
      markers. The remaining activity, approximately 10% of the total, appeared with a
      larger molecular weight species. On isoelectric focusing of the smaller molecular
      species, insulin-like activity was largely focused in the position corresponding
      to pI 7.8-8.2.

PMID- 6368203
TI  - The effect of flurbiprofen, a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, on
      insulin and glucagon release from isolated rat pancreas.
AB  - The influence of different levels of inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis
      on the release of insulin and glucagon was investigated in the basal state (5.6
      mM glucose) and in response to 30-min perfusion of 16.7 mM glucose using the
      isolated perfused rat pancreas model. Flurbiprofen (FLR), a potent and selective
      inhibitor of PG synthesis, was present in the perfusate during the entire
      experimental period at a concentration of 10(-8), 5 X 10(-8), or 10(-6) M;
      control experiments were performed without the drug. Levels of immunoreactive
      PGE2, PGF2 alpha, insulin, and glucagon were measured in the portal venous
      effluent. FLR inhibited PG synthesis in a dose-related manner; PGE2 was inhibited
      more than PGF2 alpha. Basal and glucose-induced secretion of insulin was
      augmented by FLR at 5 X 10(-8) M, but was inhibited at 10(-6) M. At 10(-6) M FLR,
      basal glucagon secretion was inhibited; glucose-induced suppression still
      occurred without any potentiation. We conclude that 1) endogenous PGs modulate
      the secretion of insulin and glucagon; 2) divergence of the effects of low and
      high levels of inhibition of PG biosynthesis on insulin release may be due to
      altered tissue proportions of various PGs and related autacoids; and 3) the
      predominant effect of endogenous PGs on glucagon release is tonic stimulation.

PMID- 6368204
TI  - Peptide-degrading enzymatic activities in GH3 cells and rat anterior pituitary
      homogenates.
AB  - The activities of a number of peptide-degrading enzymes were compared in
      homogenates of GH3 cells and rat anterior pituitaries. The enzymes studied were
      prolyl endopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.26), a soluble metalloendopeptidase, pyroglutamyl
      peptide hydrolase (EC 3.4.11.8), a multicatalytic protease complex, cathepsin B
      (EC 3.4.22.1), cathepsin D (EC 3.4.23.5), aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.2), and a
      membrane-bound neutral metalloendopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.11). Specific substrates
      were used to measure the activities, and active-site-directed inhibitors were
      used to verify the identities of the enzymes studied. Of the two lysosomal
      enzymes studied, cathepsin B, the enzyme with the highest activity in both
      preparations, had 5 times the activity in GH3 cell homogenates as in anterior
      pituitary homogenates. Cathespin D had a somewhat higher activity in the anterior
      pituitary homogenates than in the GH3 cell homogenates. Soluble
      metalloendopeptidase and prolyl endopeptidase, both cytoplasmic enzymes, had
      about twice the activity in GH3 cell homogenates as in anterior pituitary
      homogenates. Membrane-bound neutral metalloendopeptidase in the GH3 cell
      homogenates had 25% of the activity of the anterior pituitary homogenates. Of the
      two TRH-degrading enzymes, the activity of prolyl endopeptidase in GH3 cell
      homogenates was about 25 times higher than that of pyroglutamyl peptide
      hydrolase. Since the secretory function of the pituitary is in part controlled by
      neuropeptides, the knowledge of the enzyme profiles of the GH3 cells and the
      anterior pituitary should be of value in studying the metabolism of neuropeptides
      and peptide hormones in these systems.

PMID- 6368205
TI  - Neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY) immunoreactivity in norepinephrine-containing cells
      and nerves of the mammalian adrenal gland.
AB  - The application of immunocytochemistry at both light and electron microscopic
      levels has revealed neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY)-immunoreactive material to be
      localized to norepinephrine-containing endocrine cells in the adrenal medulla and
      also to varicose nerve fibers penetrating the adrenal cortex of several mammalian
      species, including horse, cat, rat, guinea pig and mouse. Correlative electron
      microscopic immunostaining has revealed that enkephalin and NPY
      immunoreactivities are co-localized to the same norepinephrine-containing
      secretory granules. High concentrations of NPY have been extracted from the mouse
      adrenal gland (1243.7 +/- 122.8 pmol NPY/g wet tissue; mean +/- SE).
      Chromatographic analysis has shown the extracted material to correspond with pure
      natural NPY.

PMID- 6368206
TI  - Glucagon secretory responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia and arginine in
      streptozotocin-induced diabetic dogs.
AB  - To clarify whether the reactivity of A cells is regulated by B cell function in
      the pancreas, plasma glucagon (IRG) responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia and
      to arginine infusion were evaluated in streptozotocin (STZ; total 40 mg/kg)
      treated and control dogs. There was no significant rise in plasma IRG levels
      during the insulin-induced hypoglycemia in the STZ-treated dogs. In contrast,
      arginine enhanced the IRG secretion from the pancreas to a similar extent in the
      two groups. This was deduced from the difference between IRG levels in the
      pancreaticoduodenal and peripheral veins. Neither intravenous glucose nor
      arginine infusion resulted in a significant rise in plasma insulin (IRI) levels
      in the STZ-treated dogs. IRI content in the pancreas of STZ-treated dogs was
      significantly reduced to 5 percent below the levels in the control dogs. The IRG
      content for control and STZ-treated dogs did not differ. These results indicate
      that while the responsiveness of A cells to hypoglycemia may depend on the
      secretory capacity of B cells, such is not the case with arginine.

PMID- 6368207
TI  - Norepinephrine induces releases of both LH-RH from the hypothalamus and LH from
      the rat pituitary in vitro.
AB  - The effects of norepinephrine (NE) on the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and
      LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH) were examined in a sequential double chamber
      perifusion system by perfusing the medio-basal hypothalamus (MBH) and/or
      pituitaries excised from normal female rats in diestrus. When the pituitary alone
      or in sequence with the MBH was perifused with medium containing 200
      micrograms/ml of NE, the concentration of LH in the efflux was significantly (p
      less than 0.05) increased to the level 50-150% over the pre-injection control,
      whereas medium without NE had no effect. Perifusion of the pituitary in sequence
      with the MBH produced a higher peak level of LH than that attained by the
      perifusion of the pituitary alone. Administration of NE induced a significant
      increase in LH-RH release from the MBH, although the medium alone had no effect.
      These data suggest that NE induces LH release from the pituitary both by
      increasing LH-RH release from the MBH and by its direct action on the pituitary.

PMID- 6368208
TI  - Plasma antidiuretic hormone levels in patients with normal and low renin
      essential hypertension, and secondary hypertension.
AB  - In order to investigate the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in essential hypertension
      and secondary hypertension, plasma ADH levels were measured in normal subjects,
      in patients with normal and low essential hypertension, and in other patients
      with various forms of secondary hypertension. Plasma ADH levels were
      significantly lower in low renin essential hypertension and higher in malignant
      hypertension than in normal subjects. The plasma ADH levels tended to be lower in
      renal hypertension and primary aldosteronism, and higher in renovascular
      hypertension, but these differences were not statistically significant. From
      these results, it appeared that ADH might play a role in malignant hypertension,
      but not in the other hypertensive diseases.

PMID- 6368209
TI  - Unresponsiveness of GH and cortisol to insulin-hypoglycemia in a patient with sub
      total pancreatectomy.
AB  - Responses of plasma growth hormone (GH) and cortisol to insulin-induced
      hypoglycemia were repeatedly examined during a therapy of diabetes mellitus in a
      sub-totally pancreatectomized patient. During a mild control period of diabetes
      mellitus without any hypoglycemic attacks, insulin-induced hypoglycemia evoked a
      remarkable increase in plasma GH as well as cortisol while neither GH nor
      cortisol responded to insulin hypoglycemia during the strict control period with
      frequent episodes of hypoglycemia. On the other hand, plasma GH and cortisol
      responses to all other endocrinological stimuli were normal. The mechanism of
      such impaired hormone secretion during the strict control period of diabetes
      mellitus in this patient remains unclear.

PMID- 6368210
TI  - Effect of acebutolol on plasma catecholamine concentrations in anesthetized dogs
      with ouabain-induced arrhythmias and its direct actions in vitro on the adrenal
      medulla.
AB  - We have performed studies on blood hormone dynamics following intravenous
      administration of acebutolol, a newly synthesized beta-blocker, and its direct
      action on the adrenal medulla in vitro. Intravenous injection of acebutolol into
      anesthetized dogs almost doubled the plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline
      concentrations within 5 to 15 minutes, while renin activity was reduced to
      approximately two-thirds of the pre-administration level. When arrhythmia was
      induced in dogs with ouabain, the plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline levels
      increased to 220 +/- 109 and 392 +/- 84 pg/ml, respectively, from the basal
      levels of 44 +/- 24 and 140 +/- 43 pg/ml. The restoration of sinus rhythm
      following the administration of acebutolol was accompanied by a further increase
      in the plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline levels to 797 +/- 364 and 1226 +/- 263
      pg/ml, respectively. A perifusion experiment indicated that acebutolol directly
      accelerated catecholamine release from the adrenal medulla in pigs.

PMID- 6368212
TI  - Evidence of the lack of receptor-mediated insulin degradation in human cultured
      lymphocytes (RPMI-1788 line).
AB  - We studied insulin degradation in human cultured lymphocytes (RPMI-1788 line)
      with a small but significant number of lysosomes under the electron microscope.
      Insulin degradation determined by the TCA solubility method was 64.6 +/- 1.2%
      (mean +/- SEM) at a trace concentration after the incubation with 2.0 x 10(7)
      cells (4.0 x 10(7) cells/ml) for 60 min at 37 degrees C. Because insulin
      degradation was 54.6 +/- 7.0% in the cell-free buffer in which 2.0 x 10(7) cells
      were previously incubated, most of the insulin was degraded outside of the cells.
      Gel filtration of the radioactive materials also revealed that most of the
      labeled insulin in the medium was degraded, and the main peak of the cell
      associated radioactivities was intact labeled insulin. Chloroquine, a
      lysosomotropic agent, failed not only to increase insulin binding but also to
      decrease the insulin degradation. Other lysosomal protease inhibitors, antipain
      and leupeptin had also no effect on insulin degradation. In contrast, bacitracin
      (500 micrograms/ml) significantly decreased the insulin degradation analyzed by
      TCA solubility, receptor-rebinding, and the gel filtration method. These results
      suggest that insulin molecules are degraded by the enzymes leaked from the cells.
      The non-receptor mediated process, which is the bacitracin sensitive pathway,
      might be a general mechanism of insulin degradation in human cultured lymphocytes
      in vitro.

PMID- 6368211
TI  - Responsiveness of plasma aldosterone to angiotensin II in patients with diabetes
      mellitus.
AB  - Aldosterone responsiveness to angiotensin II (A II) was evaluated in 65 diabetic
      patients with and without various diabetic complications versus 38 age-matched
      non-diabetic subjects. Plasma aldosterone (PA), together with plasma renin
      activity (PRA), was low and responded poorly to furosemide (80 mg, orally) plus
      upright posture (4 hours) stimulation in diabetic patients. When the PA response
      to stimulation relative to PRA response was estimated from the ratio of PA
      increase to PRA increase after stimulation (delta PA/delta PRA), the 38 non
      diabetic subjects had ratios more than 3.0. Of the 65 diabetic patients, 48 had
      normal delta PA/delta PRA ratios (more than 3.0) and 17 had low delta PA/delta
      PRA ratios (less than 2.9). Graded A II infusions (1, 2, and 4 ng/kg/min each for
      30 min) were performed under a low sodium intake (sodium, 120 mEq/day) in 25 of
      the 65 diabetic patients, whose delta PA/delta PRA ratios were normal in 15 and
      low in 10, and in 16 non-diabetic subjects. The PA responses to the graded A II
      infusions in the normal delta PA/delta PRA diabetic patients were similar to
      those in the non-diabetic subjects. However, the PA responses to the graded A II
      infusions in the low delta PA/delta PRA diabetic patients were significantly
      lower. It is concluded that, although the majority of diabetic patients have
      normal aldosterone responsiveness to A II, some diabetic patients have blunted
      aldosterone responsiveness to A II probably attributable to the abnormality of
      the adrenal cortex in addition to the impaired renin secretion.

PMID- 6368213
TI  - A heuristic proposal for understanding steroidogenic processes.

PMID- 6368215
TI  - The renin-angiotensin system in nonmammalian vertebrates.
AB  - The most primitive components of the RAS appeared early in the phylogenetic
      history of vertebrate animals. It is probable that renin granules were present in
      the kidneys of ancestral chordates before divergence in the evolution of
      actinopterygian fish and tetrapods occurred. Granulated juxtaglomerular cells
      similar to the renin-containing cells of the mammalian nephron are found in most
      extant vertebrate species although not in agnathan and elasmobranch fish. A
      macula densa occurs in amphibians, birds and mammals; and an extraglomerular
      mesangium, only in birds and mammals. Renin-like activity and angiotensin-like
      pressor material have been demonstrated in all classes of vertebrates. The amino
      acid sequences of native ANG I have been determined for representative species of
      teleost fish, amphibian, reptile and bird. These peptides differ from mammalian
      angiotensins at positions 1, 5 and 9. The RAS appears to be involved in
      osmoregulation, ionoregulation and the control of blood circulation. Prolonged
      hypovolemic hypotension or sodium depletion increases renin levels. Angiotensins
      elicit drinking and stimulate transepithelial ion transport. However, direct
      steroidogenic and antidiuretic hormone-releasing activities, which would promote
      mineral and fluid conservation, have not been demonstrated unambiguously in
      nonmammalian vertebrates. ANG II raises blood pressure by direct vasoconstrictor
      action on arteriolar muscles in some animals, but perhaps more generally by
      acting on the nervous system and adrenal paraneurons. In birds the hormone also
      has a hypotensive effect. ANG II stimulates the SNS in agnathans, elasmobranchs,
      teleosts, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Thus, modulation of
      sympathetic activity may be one of the most primitive and conservative functions
      of the RAS. For this reason, nonmammalian vertebrates are valuable models for
      studying the neurogenic actions of angiotensin II relevant to hypertensive
      disease.

PMID- 6368214
TI  - Physiological functions of glucocorticoids in stress and their relation to
      pharmacological actions.
AB  - Almost any kind of threat to homeostasis or stress will cause plasma
      glucocorticoid levels to rise. The increased levels have traditionally been
      ascribed the physiological function of enhancing the organism's resistance to
      stress, a role well recognized in glucocorticoid therapy. How the known
      physiological and pharmacological effects of glucocorticoids might accomplish
      this function, however, remains a mystery. A generalization that is beginning to
      emerge is that many of these effects may be secondary to modulation by
      glucocorticoids of the actions of numerous intercellular mediators, including
      established hormones, prostaglandins and other arachidonic acid metabolites,
      certain secreted neutral proteinases, lymphokines, and a variety of bioactive
      peptides. These mediators participate in physiological mechanisms--endocrine,
      renal, immune, neural, etc.--that mount a first line of defense against such
      challenges to homeostasis as hemorrhage, metabolic disturbances, infection,
      anxiety, and others. Contrary to the traditional view that glucocorticoids
      enhance these defense mechanisms, however, it has become increasingly clear that
      glucocorticoids at moderate to high levels generally suppress them. This paradox,
      which first emerged when glucocorticoids were discovered to be antiinflammatory
      agents, remains a major obstacle to a unified picture of glucocorticoid function.
      We propose that stress-induced increases in glucocorticoid levels protect not
      against the source of stress itself but rather against the body's normal
      reactions to stress, preventing those reactions from overshooting and themselves
      threatening homeostasis. This hypothesis, the seeds of which are to be found in
      many discussions of particular glucocorticoid effects, immediately accounts for
      the paradox noted above. Furthermore, it provides glucocorticoid physiology with
      a unified conceptual framework that can accommodate such apparently unrelated
      physiological and pharmacological effects as those on carbohydrate metabolism,
      inflammatory processes, shock, and water balance. It also leads us to suggest
      that some of the enzymes rapidly induced by glucocorticoids, such as glutamine
      synthetase, detoxify mediators released during stress-induced activation of
      primary defense mechanisms. These mediators would themselves lead to tissue
      damage if left unchecked.

PMID- 6368216
TI  - Contribution of wood combustion to indoor air pollution as measured by
      mutagenicity in Salmonella and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration.
AB  - Samples of airborne particles have been collected in the same room when the room
      was heated by electricity and when heating was done by woodburning. These samples
      were compared with respect to mutagenic activity and concentration of polycyclic
      aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The effects of the various heating conditions were
      examined in the presence and absence of tobacco smoking. Whereas wood heating in
      an "airtight" stove was found to cause only minor changes in the concentration of
      PAH and no measurable increase of mutagenic activity of the indoor air, both
      these parameters increased considerably when wood was burned in an open
      fireplace, yielding PAH concentrations comparable to those of ambient urban air.
      Relatively high concentrations of moderately polar polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbon derivatives were also found in the indoor air when wood was burned in
      an open fireplace. Woodburning in the closed stove did, however, result in
      increased concentrations of mutagenic compounds and PAH on particles sampled in
      the vicinity of the house. The effects of wood burning in an open fireplace on
      the mutagenic activity of indoor air could still be considered moderate when
      compared to those resulting from tobacco smoking in the room. The extracts of
      particles collected when moderate smoking occurred were several times more
      mutagenic than samples from urban air collected close to streets with heavy
      traffic when measured in the Salmonella assay with strain TA98 with metabolic
      activation.

PMID- 6368217
TI  - Contribution of nitropyrene to the mutagenic activity of coal fly ash.
AB  - Stack-collected coal fly ash from western low-sulfur coal was extracted with
      60:40 benzene/methanol. This extract was fractionated by preparative-scale high
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the mutagenic activity of 14
      fractions was evaluated by microbial assay with Salmonella typhimurium TA1538. A
      widespread distribution of direct-acting mutagens, which probably includes both
      mono- and dinitroaromatics, was detected. HPLC methods were also used to isolate
      1-nitropyrene from the total benzene/methanol extract. The identification of 1
      nitropyrene was based on gas chromatographic and HPLC retention measurements and
      mass spectral data. The concentration of 1-nitropyrene in the ash extract was
      determined by quantitative HPLC analyses. Mutagenicity assays of the total
      extract and an authentic 1-nitropyrene standard with Salmonella strains TA1538,
      TA100, and TA98 indicated that the 1-nitropyrene accounts for approximately 0.03
      0.16% of the total mutagenic activity of the extract.

PMID- 6368218
TI  - Mutagenicity of some benzidine congeners and their N-acetylated and N,N'
      diacetylated derivatives in different strains of Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - The Ames Salmonella/microsome test was used to compare the mutagenic response of
      Salmonella typhimurium TA100, TA98, TA1538, and TA1535 to 12 benzidine
      derivatives, ie, benzidine, 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine, 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine, 3,3'
      dichlorobenzidine, and the corresponding N- and N,N'-diacetylated derivatives.
      With a few exceptions, the mutagenic response to this series of compounds varied
      in the order TA98 greater than TA1538 greater than TA100 greater than TA1535 = 0,
      and the N-monoacetylated derivatives were more mutagenic than either the parent
      diamines or the N,N'-diacetyl derivatives. The relative mutagenicities of the
      parent amines for TA98 were 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine much greater than 3,3'
      dimethoxybenzidine greater than benzidine greater than 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine.

PMID- 6368219
TI  - Stem-spermatogonial survival and incidence of reciprocal translocations in the
      gamma-irradiated boar.
AB  - To assess the effects of gamma-radiation on stem-cell survival and incidence of
      reciprocal translocations, boar testes were irradiated with 100, 200, or 400 rad.
      Stem-cell survival was markedly affected by 100 rad (51% of control) and reduced
      to 34% of control by 400 rad. Production of differentiating spermatogonia was all
      but completely interrupted by 200 rad and spermatogonial renewal was incomplete
      at 12 weeks. From the state of the seminiferous epithelium at 12 weeks, estimates
      of the percentage of permanent impairment of sperm-producing capacity ranged from
      20 +/- 6 (100 rad) to 67 +/- 10 (400 rad). Incidence of translocations peaked at
      200 rad and the number occurring at 100 and 400 rad was similar. Kinetics of
      porcine spermatogonial renewal differs considerably from those of the rodent and,
      relative to the rodent, this may account for the boar's higher sensitivity to
      stem-cell killing and lower sensitivity to translocations.

PMID- 6368220
TI  - Immunocytological and biochemical characterization of a new neuronal cell surface
      component (L1 antigen) which is involved in cell adhesion.
AB  - Monoclonal and polyclonal L1 antibodies react by indirect immunofluorescence with
      the cell surface of cultured tetanus toxin-positive neurons from post-natal
      cerebella of mice, but not with glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive
      astrocytes, O4 antigen-positive oligodendrocytes or fibronectin-positive
      fibroblasts or fibroblast-like cells. During cerebellar development L1 antigen is
      detectable on tetanus toxin-positive cells as early as embryonic day 13 after 3
      days in culture. In sections of the early post-natal cerebellum, L1 antigen is
      found on pre-migratory neurons in the internal, but not in the external part of
      the external granular layer. In the adult cerebellum, L1 antigen is predominantly
      localized in the molecular layer and around Purkinje cells. Fibers in white
      matter and the granular layer are also L1 antigen-positive. Granule cell bodies
      and synaptic glomeruli are weakly antigen-positive. Several cell lines derived
      from neuroblastoma C1300 also express L1 antigen. The antigen is not detectable
      by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in tissue homogenates of liver, kidney,
      lung, heart, sperm or thymus. With polyclonal L1 antibodies, cross-reactive
      determinants are found in brains of rat, guinea pig, hamster, chicken, rabbit and
      man, but not in frog, while monoclonal antibody reacts detectably only with mouse
      brain. The molecular species recognized by both monoclonal and polyclonal
      antibodies display two prominent bands by SDS-PAGE under reducing and non
      reducing conditions with apparent mol. wts. of 140 and 200 kd. L1 antigen
      isolated from cultured cerebellar cells consists mainly of a band in the 200-kd
      range and a faint one at 140 kd. L1 antigen from neuroblastoma N2A shows two
      bands with slightly higher apparent mol. wts. All molecular forms of L1 antigen
      can be labeled by [3H]fucose and [3H]glucosamine. Ca2+-independent re-aggregation
      of cerebellar cells from early post-natal C57BL/6J mice and of the continuous
      cell line N2A derived from the murine neuroblastoma C1300 is inhibited by Fab
      fragments of the polyclonal, but not of monoclonal antibody, both of which are
      known to react with the surface membrane of these cells.

PMID- 6368221
TI  - Cloning and sequencing of the preprotoxin-coding region of the yeast M1 double
      stranded RNA.
AB  - Complementary DNA (cDNA) copies of the M1-1, toxin-coding region of the yeast M1
      double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) have been cloned and sequenced. These sequences, in
      combination with the known terminal sequence of M1-1 dsRNA, identify a
      translation reading frame for a 316 amino acid protein of 34.7 kd, similar in
      size to the preprotoxin produced from M1 dsRNA by in vitro translation. Potential
      glycosylation sites in the preprotoxin peptide are identified. Based on its
      methionine content the extracellular yeast toxin appears to be contained within
      the C-terminal region of the precursor.

PMID- 6368222
TI  - Does codon composition influence ribosome function?
AB  - Escherichia coli ribosomes pre-initiated with N-acetyl-Val-tRNAVal elongate
      strictly alternating poly(U-G) at a rate between eight and 12 peptide bonds per
      second per ribosome in vitro. Comparisons with poly(U)-primed poly(Phe) synthesis
      show that these systems function with the same rates which are close to those of
      protein synthesis in vivo. This indicates that, at least in vitro, codon
      composition has no marked influence on the speed of elongation when the
      concentration of ternary complex is saturating. Furthermore, the missense
      frequencies for the two polymers are within the same range: the missense
      substitution of Trp for Cys is 10(-4) and that of Met for Val is 10(-3) in the
      poly(U-G)-primed system. These data argue against models that explain the codon
      preference of certain gene families by postulating effects of high or low GC
      content of codons on the performance characteristics of ribosomes.

PMID- 6368223
TI  - Assay of type-specific M antigens on whole group A streptococci.
AB  - A novel radioimmunoassay of type-specific M antigens on whole group A
      streptococcal cells is described. Absorbed rabbit anti-M antisera directed
      against M types 12 and 49 were used for determining M antigens on intact
      bacterial organisms. Staphylococcal protein A labelled with 125I was used as an
      anti-antibody reagent. The absorbed antisera were tested against ten homologous
      and 48 heterologous serotypes. All homologous serotypes gave an unequivocal
      reaction distinct from the weaker reaction with the heterologous serotypes. The
      type-specificity of the reaction was confirmed by the removal of type-specific
      antibodies after absorption to purified M protein coupled to Sepharose 4B. The
      results indicate that the described method is a simple and reliable technique for
      the recognition of M types of group A streptococci and offers a valuable tool for
      studies of M antigen in situ.

PMID- 6368224
TI  - Subcellular fractions in rubella immunoassays.
AB  - Rubella virus-infected cells were fractionated by differential and sucrose
      gradient centrifugations. Rubella virus antigens distributed into all fractions
      but particulate material in the 100,000 x g pellet was shown to be enriched about
      two-fold for rubella virus antigen. Similarly, sucrose gradient fractions for
      rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth cellular membranes were enriched for
      rubella virus antigens. The 100,000 x g pellet and the isolated cellular
      membranes proved to be useful when different fractions were used in solid-phase
      immunoassays for rubella virus-specific IgG or IgM. These fractions were equal in
      quality of the semipurified rubella virus preparations in the IgG assays but
      inferior to those in the IgM assays. However, simultaneous use of 35/25% sucrose
      fractions from infected and non-infected cells reveals non-specific binding of
      IgM to the antigens and renders the IgM tests more specific for rubella virus.

PMID- 6368225
TI  - Direct radioimmunoassay of antibody against hepatitis B core antigen using 32P
      labelled core particles.
AB  - A direct radioimmune assay for antibody against hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg)
      was developed. Flexible microtiter plates were coated with HBcAg, incubated with
      test samples, and thereafter with 32P-labelled HBcAg. Labelling was achieved by
      endogenous protein kinase of the core particles. This assay was tenfold more
      sensitive than a conventional inhibition assay employing enzyme-labelled anti-HBc
      as reagent. The radioimmunoassay detected a large number of positive persons
      (88/200) in a population with a high prevalence of blood-transmitted hepatitis
      infections (medical staff, liver and dialysis patients, contact persons,
      implicated blood donors) which were not detected by the inhibition assay. Such
      results were rare in healthy blood donors. The weak anti-HBc activity, which was
      detected only by direct radioimmunoassay, co-purified with IgG and was inhibited
      by addition of HBcAg to the serum. The activity may be due to a very limited
      hepatitis B infection or, what is more likely, to cross-reacting antibodies
      against unknown antigen(s). The factor detected only by direct radioimmune assay
      appears to be related to viral hepatitis. For detection of anti-HBc as a marker
      for hepatitis B virus it is, however, preferable to use less sensitive assays.

PMID- 6368226
TI  - Use of hepatitis B core antigen produced in Escherichia coli to detect
      immunoglobulin M specific antibodies in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
AB  - The antigenic activity of HBcAg produced in Escherichia coli and HBcAg from human
      liver was compared in a mu-specific solid-phase antibody-capture assay for
      detection of anti-HBc-IgM. HBcAg from liver could be detected in dilutions up to
      1:3, HBcAg from Escherichia coli in dilutions up to 1:10,000. Using HBcAg from
      Escherichia coli, sera from five patients with acute resolving hepatitis B and
      sera from four patients with acute hepatitis B who had developed chronic liver
      disease were tested for anti-HBc-IgM in ELISA. IgM fractions separated out of the
      same sera by immunoaffinity chromatography were tested for anti-HBc-IgM using a
      commercially available test. The results were in good agreement with those
      obtained by ELISA. Anti-HBc-IgM could be detected up to 900 days after onset of
      disease. Different groups of patients were tested for presence of anti-HBc-IgM in
      ELISA. Fifty-nine of 60 patients with acute hepatitis B were positive for anti
      HBc-IgM at onset of illness. Ten of 16 patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis
      and seven of 23 HBsAg positive dialysis patients were also positive for anti-HBc
      IgM, whereas only two of 12 patients with chronic persistent hepatitis and one of
      15 HBsAg positive blood donors ("healthy" carriers of HBsAg) had detectable anti
      HBc-IgM.

PMID- 6368227
TI  - Preliminary evaluation of a passive hemagglutination assay and enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay for actinomycetoma caused by Nocardia brasiliensis.

PMID- 6368228
TI  - Beta-2 microglobulin: a sensitive non-specific marker for acquired immune
      deficiency syndrome.

PMID- 6368229
TI  - Catalytical mechanism of the phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase from yeast. Reactivity
      of ATP in the absence of phenylalanine.
AB  - Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase catalyses an AMP-ATP exchange under conditions where
      no aminoacylation of tRNA occurs. A plausible explanation for this reaction had
      not been given so far. The results of the present investigation provide evidence
      for the following interpretation. tRNAPhe induces a polarisation of the ATP in
      complex with the enzyme; this stimulates (a) the formation of phenylalanyl
      adenylate in the presence of phenylalanine, (b) the hydrolysis of ATP in the
      absence of phenylalanine and AMP and (c) the transfer of diphosphoryl onto AMP in
      the presence of AMP, especially when phenylalanine is absent.

PMID- 6368230
TI  - Extensive variations and basic features in the alcohol dehydrogenase-sorbitol
      dehydrogenase family.
AB  - Structural comparisons of sorbitol dehydrogenase with zinc-containing 'long'
      alcohol dehydrogenases reveal distant but clear relationships. An alignment
      suggests 93 positional identities with horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (25% of
      374 positions) and 73 identities with yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (20%). Sorbitol
      dehydrogenase forms a link between these distantly related alcohol dehydrogenases
      and is in some regions more similar to one of them that they are to each other.
      43 residues (11%) are common to all three enzymes and include a heavy over
      representation of glycine (half of all glycine residues in sorbitol
      dehydrogenase), showing the importance of space restrictions in protein
      structures. Four regions are well conserved, two in each domain of horse liver
      alcohol dehydrogenase. They are two segments close to the active-site zinc atom
      of the catalytic domain, and two in the central beta-pleated sheet strands of the
      coenzyme-binding domain. These similarities demonstrate the general importance of
      internal and central building units in proteins. Large variations affect a region
      adjacent to the third protein ligand to the active-site zinc atom in horse liver
      alcohol dehydrogenase. Such changes at active sites of related enzymes are
      unusual. Other large differences concern the segment around the non-catalytic
      zinc atom of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase; three of its four cysteine
      ligands are absent from sorbitol dehydrogenase. Three segments with several
      exchanges correspond to a continuous region with superficial areas, inter-domain
      contacts and inter-subunit interactions in the catalytic domain of alcohol
      dehydrogenase. They may correlate with the altered quaternary structure of
      sorbitol dehydrogenase. Regions corresponding to top and bottom beta-strands in
      the coenzyme-binding domain of the alcohol dehydrogenase are also little
      conserved. Within sorbitol dehydrogenase, a large segment shows an internal
      similarity. The two distantly related alcohol dehydrogenases and sorbitol
      dehydrogenase form a triplet of enzymes illustrating basic protein relationships.
      They are ancestrally close enough to establish similarities, yet sufficiently
      divergent to illustrate changes in all but fundamental properties.

PMID- 6368231
TI  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating pheromones specifically inhibit the synthesis of
      proteins destined to be N-glycosylated.
AB  - alpha Factor specifically inhibits the synthesis of N-glycosylated proteins in
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating type a cells but not in alpha cells or in a/alpha
      diploids. a Factor has the same effect of alpha cells. The synthesis of O
      glycosylated proteins is not inhibited. Although the mating pheromones act like a
      'physiological tunicamycin', the mechanism of inhibition is different: not the
      glycosylation of proteins as such but rather the synthesis of those proteins
      destined to be N-glycosylated is inhibited. Thus none of a number of
      glycosylating enzymes tested in vitro is reduced in activity in alpha-factor
      treated cells. The synthesis of the glycoprotein carboxypeptidase Y, on the other
      hand, is strongly inhibited by tunicamycin as well as by alpha factor; but only
      in the former case did carbohydrate-free protein accumulate in the cells. alpha
      Factor causes maximal inhibition of glycoprotein formation after as little as 30
      min, long before all cells in the population are arrested in G1; moreover,
      release from this inhibition precedes the increase in budding index (resumption
      of cell division). It is postulated, therefore, that N-glycosylated proteins are
      required for the G1/S-phase transition in the yeast cell cycle. This is supported
      by previous reports that first cycle arrest in G1 occurs when (a) tunicamycin is
      added to growing cultures, and (b) a temperature-sensitive N-glycosylation mutant
      is shifted to its restrictive temperature.

PMID- 6368232
TI  - Captopril in congestive heart failure resistant to other vasodilators.
AB  - In an attempt to study the possible mechanism(s) by which captopril controls
      resistant heart failure, sequential haemodynamic studies (radioisotope technique)
      and humoral measurements (plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone and plasma
      catecholamines) were obtained in 11 such patients. The studies were made at the
      time patients became unresponsive to other vasodilators (hydralazine or
      prazosin); the vasodilator drug was then discontinued and five days later, the
      'no-vasodilator' studies were obtained. Captopril therapy was then started.
      Optimum daily maintenance dose of captopril varied from 75 to 200 mg in different
      patients. Studies were again repeated after a period of time equal to the
      duration of the previous vasodilator therapy. Digitalis and diuretic doses were
      kept constant throughout. Captopril improved effort tolerance in ten patients.
      Haemodynamically, mean blood pressure and peripheral resistance were lower than
      during vasodilator therapy (85 +/- 3.1 v. 92 +/- 3.3 mmHg and 47 +/- 4.4 v. 59 +/
      4.4 U.M2, respectively; p less than 0.05 for both). Cardiac index was higher
      during captopril treatment (1.95 +/- 0.15 v. 1.63 +/- 0.10 l/m2, p less than
      0.01) and pulmonary mean transit was normalized by captopril (14.6 +/- 1.7 v.
      18.4 +/- 1.3 s, p less than 0.05). Humoral indices revealed a significant (p less
      than 0.05) reduction in plasma aldosterone during captopril therapy (25.9 +/- 5.6
      ng/dl during captopril, v. 62 +/- 22 ng/dl with no vasodilators and 50.9 +/- 6.1
      ng/dl with other vasodilators). Moreover, there was a decrease in circulating
      plasma catecholamines during captopril treatment, but differences between the
      three treatment periods were not statistically significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6368233
TI  - Radionuclide determination of cardiac outputs and indices.
AB  - A radionuclide procedure for the determination of cardiac output is presented.
      Cardiac outputs estimated by the proposed method are compared to those obtained
      by the temperature dilution method during right heart catheterization. A new
      index of cardiac performance is also presented: cardiac output as a percentage of
      total blood volume. This index is determined by a totally external count-based
      procedure.

PMID- 6368235
TI  - Renal oncocytoma: review of literature and report of six cases.
AB  - 6 cases of renal oncocytomas are described. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult
      in spite of new clinical diagnostic methods. In our series oncocytoma was
      diagnosed angiographically in 1 case and in 3 cases carcinoma was suspected. 5 of
      6 cases, reevaluated postoperatively, fulfilled three of the four criteria of
      Ambos et al. for oncocytoma. Ultrasonography is a good exclusion diagnostic
      method for renal neoplasms. Oncocytoma may be suspected if the tumor projects
      nearly totally outside the renal contour as we found in 3 of our 6 cases.
      Aspiration biopsy smears have a diagnostic value in the evaluation of renal
      neoplasms. Cytologically we preoperatively diagnosed oncocytoma in 1 of 3 cases
      in which biopsy was performed. We warn, however, about the mosaic pattern of
      renal neoplasms. Renal cell carcinomas may have large areas composed of
      oncocytes. Frozen section analysis is a potentially hazardous peroperative
      diagnostic method in large tumors if oncocytoma is suspected.

PMID- 6368234
TI  - The use of 123I-labeled heptadecanoic acid (HDA) as metabolic tracer: preliminary
      report.
AB  - The feasibility of using 123I-heptadecanoic acid (HDA) as a metabolic tracer was
      studied. Different administration routes of HDA were compared. An intracoronary
      bolus injection was given to calves (n = 3), and an intravenous injection was
      given to patients (n = 4). In addition, we examined the influence of 4-h
      halothane anesthesia in calves and in patients the impact of an insulin (1.5
      IU/kg) + glucose (1.5 g/kg) infusion on the myocardial kinetics of HDA. Data were
      accumulated with a scintillation probe in calves (t = 50 min) and a gamma camera
      in patients (t = 70 min). In calves after an intracoronary bolus injection of HDA
      the myocardial time-activity curve could be described by two exponentials. The
      mean elimination half-time of the initial phase (ta 1/2) was 7.3 min and that of
      the second phase (tb 1/2) was 35 min. The ratio of the size of the initial and
      second component at to was 0.93. Halothane anesthesia prolonged the elimination
      half-times and reduced the component ratio. The biphasic behavior of the
      myocardial time-activity curve was maintained in patients after intravenous
      administration of HDA under basal conditions (initial ta 1/2 = 8.4 min). However,
      during infusion of insulin + glucose the decline in the myocardial activity was
      prolonged and monoexponential. This data shows that insulin glucose, interfering
      with fatty acid metabolism, influences the myocardial washout of HDA, and thus
      support its use as a metabolic tracer.

PMID- 6368237
TI  - The evolution of modern endoscopic photography.
AB  - Most of the problems of endoscopic photography through rigid and flexible
      instruments have been overcome. Within the not-too-distant future, it should be
      possible to take good endoscopic photographs through a standard 4-mm telescope
      using 200-ASA film, light being provided by a high-powered external flash unit
      transmitting light to the telescope through a liquid-filled light guide. It may,
      however, be better to suggest a compromise in which operative procedures and
      urethral photography can be carried out through the 30 degrees, 4-mm diameter
      telescope, but bladder inspection and photography performed through a 5.5- or 6
      mm telescope. The standard set would then become a 0 degrees and 30 degrees, 4-mm
      diameter telescope, and a 70 degrees larger instrument for bladder photography
      and inspection.

PMID- 6368236
TI  - Renal tuberculosis and hypertension: value of the renal vein renin ratio.
AB  - We applied the central renal vein renin ratios in a group of patients with
      unilateral renal tuberculosis and hypertension to see whether the diseased kidney
      was involved in the pathogenesis of the elevated blood pressure. Of 20 patients
      11 were nephrectomized, 7 had positive renal vein renin ratios and normal
      peripheral plasma renin activity; only 2 kept their blood pressure in control
      without medication. From 5 without a positive index, only 1 kept his blood
      pressure in control without medicine 1 year after surgery. The renal vein renin
      ratio has to be interpreted in light of other parameters, such as blood pressure,
      peripheral renin--if high the more the chance of being significant--and global
      renal function. The renal vein renin ratio alone per se gives poor information on
      the pressor role of a unilateral tuberculous kidney.

PMID- 6368238
TI  - Germinal testicular tumors in childhood. Report of observations and literature
      review.
AB  - 1,124 case observations, published from 1955 to 1981, and 45 of our own cases of
      childhood testicular tumor are evaluated. The age distribution, histology (WHO
      classification), stage and prognosis are compared to 1,062 adult cases.
      Diagnostic procedures are itemized. Priorities in the therapeutic approach and
      the effectiveness of various methods, depending on stage and histology, and toxic
      side effects and other complications are documented. In children, 29% of
      childhood testicular tumors are non-germinal, as compared to 8% in adults. 49%
      are yolk sac tumors. The age distribution differs depending on histology.
      Metastases occur less frequently (9%) than in adults (61%). Dissemination is
      predominantly hematogenic. Prognosis is best in teratoma which is cured by
      orchiectomy. Yolk sac tumor limited to the testicle, in infants less than 2 years
      old, is sufficiently treated with orchiectomy alone. Older children require
      adjuvant chemotherapy. Overall, chemotherapy was indicated in 15% of the
      evaluated cases of childhood testicular malignoma.

PMID- 6368239
TI  - Functional characteristics of idiopathic hydronephrosis.
AB  - The functional characteristics of idiopathic hydronephrosis were studied in 171
      patients. Conventional renography and measurement of the glomerular filtration
      rate were performed in all subjects, 137 (79%) of whom had normal parenchymal
      function despite severely reduced drainage function. Proximal tubular function,
      measured by determination of beta 2-microglobulin excretion was not reduced.
      Distal tubular function, evaluated as the maximum concentration ability, was not
      reduced in 35 of the 89 patients studied. During urography and diuresis
      renography were both useful tools for verifying the presence of obstruction in
      doubtful cases. Intrapelvic pressure was measured during constant perfusion at a
      rate of 7.5 ml/min and during furosemide-induced diuresis. The basal intrapelvic
      pressure varied from 6 to 10 cm H2O and was not increased in any kidney
      regardless of the degree of duration of obstruction. During perfusion, the
      pressure increased and varied from 28 to 52 cm H2O. During diuresis, an increase
      in pressure above 20 cm H2O was registered only in obstructed kidneys with a
      normal urinary concentrating ability. The pressure rise never exceeded 20 cm H2O
      during diuresis in obstructed kidneys with complications such as calculi of
      previous episodes of upper urinary tract infection. From these studies it is
      concluded that, besides cases with complications such as urinary tract infection
      and renal calculi, surgery should be offered to patients with idiopathic
      hydronephrosis with reduced urinary concentrating ability. In doubtful cases with
      wide pelves, renography and urography during increased diuresis can be used
      provided kidney function is not reduced. When kidney function is reduced, a
      pressure increase above 20 cm H2O during constant perfusion at a rate of 7.5
      ml/min indicates obstruction.

PMID- 6368240
TI  - The clinical relevance of the epidemiology of ovarian cancer.
AB  - This paper reviews some clinically relevant aspects of the epidemiology of
      ovarian cancer. The items presented and discussed are: (1) incidence and
      mortality data: they show substantial stability in all Western countries over the
      last few decades; (2) risk factors: the relationships with child-bearing patterns
      and other reproductive variables (age at menarche and at menopause; oral
      contraceptives) appear well established but no risk factor is sufficiently strong
      to be of practical value in prevention or early diagnosis: (3) long-term
      survival: in spite of the large number of clinical studies that have claimed
      'more effective' treatments, no improvement of long-term survival in the
      population as a whole has been established. Some discrepancies and drawbacks in
      published trials are discussed, and a different approach towards clinical studies
      is suggested.

PMID- 6368241
TI  - Randomized open cross-over trial between metoclopramide (MCP) and dexamethazone
      (DXM) for the prevention of cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting.
AB  - Thirty-five patients receiving chemotherapeutic regimens including cisplatin
      (CDDP) were entered into a randomized open cross-over trial. Sixteen patients had
      previously received chemotherapy. Metoclopramide (MCP) was given i.v. in 4 doses
      of 1 mg/kg over a period of 4 1/2 hr, dexamethazone (DXM) was administered i.m.
      in 4 doses of 8 mg over 24 hr and another 10 mg i.v. just prior to CDDP
      administration. Sixteen patients who expressed a positive opinion on both
      previous antiemetics were given placebo (PLC). No significant differences were
      found between MCP and DXM, considering the mean score of both emesis intensity
      and patient's opinion. The mean duration of the symptoms was significantly longer
      with MCP than with DXM (P less than 0.02). Both antiemetic agents were more
      effective than PLC. No significant side-effects were observed. The results of
      this study indicate that both MCP and DXM provide a similar protection against
      CDDP-induced nausea and vomiting.

PMID- 6368242
TI  - Autologous bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of poor prognosis non
      Hodgkin's lymphomas.
AB  - Twelve patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of poor prognosis were treated by
      TACC high-dose chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide 45 mg/kg/day X 4, cytosine
      arabinoside 200 mg/m2 i.v. q 12 hr X 7,6-thioguanin 100 mg/m2 p.o. X 7 and CCNU
      200 or 250 mg/m2 p.o., single dose) followed by autologous bone marrow
      transplantation (ABMI) (infused dose: 853-20,000 CFU-c/kg). Patients were divided
      into 2 groups: those in primary therapy with high tumor load (group 1; 3 initial
      diagnoses, 3 relapses) and those in consolidation therapy for a low tumor load
      (group 2; 5 complete and 1 partial remissions). Results show that: (1) the
      aplasia following autologous bone marrow transplantation was short. Leukocyte
      (greater than 10(9)/1) and platelet (greater than 50 X 10(9)/1) recoveries were
      observed on day 12 (range, 9-19) and day 14 (range, 8-27). (2) In group 1 there
      were 3 complete remissions (8,21, 45+ months) and 3 failures, including 1 death
      to toxicity of TACC. The 3 remissions occurred in patients in primary therapy and
      overall survival of these patients from the time of initial diagnosis was 48+,
      48+ and 60+ months. In group 2 there were 5 persisting complete remissions (12+
      to 40+ months) and 1 failure. Overall survival of these patients was 23+, 24+,
      27+, 42+ and 70+ months. In both groups failures were associated with
      contamination of the frozen marrow by tumor. The toxicity of the association TACC
      + ABMT was acceptable and dominated by the risk of pericardial effusion and
      infection. The latter was absent in group 2 and occurred in 5/6 cases in group 1.
      These preliminary results indicate that autologous bone marrow transplantation
      has a possible role in the aggressive treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of
      high-grade malignancy and that its use should preferentially be in the
      consolidation mode.

PMID- 6368243
TI  - The treatment of advanced bladder cancer with methotrexate and cis-platinum--a
      pharmacokinetic study.
AB  - As part of a phase III study in advanced bladder cancer, 5 patients received
      methotrexate (MTX) 50 mg/m2 as a single agent every 2 weeks, and with every
      alternate dose of MTX (i.e. every 4 weeks) cis-platinum (CDDP) 50 mg/m2 was given
      simultaneously, together with saline hydration and diuresis. The clearance of MTX
      was measured in a total of 12 courses by serial serum sampling for up to 72 hr
      following injection. In 4 patients (with a mean pretreatment creatinine clearance
      of 97 ml/min) there was no significant difference between the clearance of MTX
      when given alone [mean t1/2 (beta) 3.2 hr] and when given 2 weeks later with
      concurrent CDDP [mean t1/2 (beta) 2.9 hr]. In 1 patient with a pretreatment
      creatinine clearance of 52 ml/min the clearance of MTX when given alone (without
      hydration) was significantly delayed compared with the clearance of MTX when
      given 2 weeks later concurrently with CDDP and saline hydration [t1/2 (beta) 19
      and 4.5 hr respectively]. Of the 5 patients so far treated with MTX-CDDP, 2 have
      had a partial objective response and 3 have had stable disease (including 2 with
      a marked subjective response). These data indicate that in patients with
      satisfactory renal function, low-dose MTX and CDDP may be given concurrently
      without risk of enhanced drug toxicity.

PMID- 6368244
TI  - Current status and perspectives in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

PMID- 6368245
TI  - Gram-negative septicemia in patients with hematologic malignancies.
AB  - The clinical records of 66 consecutive episodes of Gram-negative bacteremia
      occurring in 60 patients with hematologic malignancies during a 66-month period
      were reviewed to assess the major prognostic factors. The bacteremia-related
      mortality was 53%. Overall, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (54%) and Escherichia coli
      (24%) were the predominant isolates (fatality rate 78 and 31% respectively). The
      majority of patients (58/66) were granulocytopenic (PMN less than
      1000/microliters). Among the 18 patients whose circulating granulocytes increased
      by one log10 or to above 1000/mmc during therapy, the fatality rate was 39%, as
      opposed to 70% in the 40 patients without such an increase. Pneumonia-associated
      bacteremia (56%) had a high fatality rate (73%) compared to isolated bacteremias
      (27%). Septic shock and inappropriate antibiotic therapy accounted for the
      highest mortality. Our data suggest that Pseudomonas etiology, persistent
      neutropenia, associated pneumonia, septic shock and inappropriate antibiotic
      therapy account for a bad prognosis in Gram-negative bacteremia in hematologic
      malignancies.

PMID- 6368246
TI  - The effect of BM 12.531 (azimexon) on natural killer cell activity in myeloma
      patients.
AB  - The 2-cyanaziridin derivative, azimexon (E), has previously been shown to have
      certain immunomodulatory properties. In particular, the induction of
      leukocytosis, the stimulation of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions and the
      synergistic effect of azimexon and antibiotics in the control of lethal bacterial
      and fungal infections in mice prompted us to test azimexon as an adjuvant to
      chemotherapy in 14 myeloma patients. In a randomized double-blind cross-over
      study 3 X 600 mg of azimexon were added to one of two consecutive, identical
      chemotherapy courses consisting of melphalan/prednisone (MP) or
      vincristine/cyclophosphamide/melphalan/prednisone (VCMP). Chemotherapy was given
      during days 1-4 and azimexon or placebo were added on days 6, 10 and 14. Blood
      counts and natural killer (NK) cell testing were performed on days 0 and 21 of
      each course. With the exception of a transient taste irritation in two patients,
      azimexon caused no subjective side-effects. White blood cell counts were not
      altered by the drug; red blood cells and hemoglobin showed a borderline
      depression after azimexon. NK activities measured against three target cell lines
      (K562, IGR3, L1210) tended to increase after azimexon treatment. When added in
      vitro to NK assays azimexon caused a slight increase of NK activity at
      concentrations of 0.01-0.25 mu/ml, whereas concentrations above 1 microgram/ml
      were inhibitory. The increase of NK activity by azimexon was not due to the
      induction of interferon in the effector lymphocyte population.

PMID- 6368247
TI  - Role of mononuclear phagocyte function in endotoxin-induced tumor necrosis.
AB  - The temporal susceptibility of tumors to induction of necrosis and regression by
      endotoxin was investigated further with a focus on the role of the putative
      mediator, tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Production of this factor was shown
      earlier to require prior activation of the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS).
      Transplants of Meth A sarcoma or MOPC315 plasmacytoma had no consistent effect on
      parameters of MPS function such as hepatosplenomegaly, carbon clearance and non
      specific antibacterial resistance at times that they were sensitive to induction
      of necrosis. Moreover, TNF, quantified by its necrotizing and regressing activity
      in vivo, could not be detected in the serum of tumor hosts after a necrotizing
      dose of endotoxin, while much smaller volumes of serum with TNF (TNS) of
      appropriately treated donor mice showed activity. As repeated incubation of TNS
      with Meth A cells at 37 degrees C hardly removed its in vivo activity against
      Meth A, immediate absorption of produced TNF to the tumor cell mass seems a less
      likely cause. Cytostatic activity, another property attributed to TNF, was hardly
      increased in post-endotoxin tumor host serum, while TNS is highly cytostatic. It
      is concluded that induction of tumor necrosis is not dependent on MPS activation.
      A role of TNF as mediator of the effects of endotoxin still remains uncertain.
      Furthermore, the present and other data suggest that TNF, like endotoxin,
      probably acts by an indirect mechanism against tumors in vivo.

PMID- 6368249
TI  - Isolation of follicular dendritic cells from human tonsils and adenoids. II.
      Immunocytochemical characterization.
AB  - Follicular dendritic cells (FDC) are specialized cells found only within lymphoid
      follicles. They bind immune complexes and play a role in the presentation of
      antigen to follicular B cells and in the generation of B cell memory. In the
      present report the isolation of FDC from human tonsils and adenoids is described.
      These isolated cells have an unusual spherical arrangement and enclose
      lymphocytes within extensions of their membranes. Their ultrastructural features
      are similar to those observed in situ. The reactivity of isolated FDC with a
      number of monoclonal antibodies was analyzed by immunofluorescence and by
      immunostaining (at the electron microscopic level) with colloidal gold. In
      keeping with the results of previous investigations on tissue sections IgM, IgG
      and IgA (but not IgD) can be detected on the surface of isolated FDC, as can C3b
      receptors and the FDC-associated antigen detected by monoclonal antibody R4/23.
      The immunoglobulins associated with FDC are mostly embedded in an electron-dense
      material. The majority of the lymphoid cells enclosed within the membrane
      extensions of FDC are of B cell type. These results suggest that isolated FDC may
      be suitable for further in vitro investigation of their role in the humoral
      immune response.

PMID- 6368248
TI  - Identification of an anti-monocyte monoclonal antibody that is specific for
      membrane complement receptor type one (CR1).
AB  - A monoclonal antibody (E11) was produced by immunization of mice with intact
      human cells of monocyte lineage. Despite the finding that E11 did not inhibit
      rosettes with C3b-coated sheep erythrocytes (EC3b), several lines of evidence
      indicated that E11 was specific for complement receptor type one (CR1). All
      monocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes and erythrocytes that reacted with E11 formed
      EC3b rosettes. The E11 antigen on these cells was shown to be a molecule of 222
      +/- 10 kDa. Treatment of lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils with E11
      followed by fluorescein-coupled F(ab')2 anti-mouse-IgG at 37 degrees C in buffer
      lacking sodium azide, led to capping or apparent endocytosis of the E11 antigen
      and a diminution in CR1 activity of 88%, 59% and 25%, respectively. This same
      treatment had no detectable effect on monocyte or neutrophil CR3 activity (EC3bi
      rosettes). Furthermore, with E11-capped lymphocytes, the residual EC3b rosetting
      was capped directly over the E11-fluorescence cap, whereas EC3d,g rosetting (CR2
      specific) was undiminished and distributed evenly around the circumference of
      cells containing E11-fluorescence caps. Finally, the binding of E11 to cells was
      inhibited by the prior treatment of these cells with a well characterized rabbit
      polyclonal anti-CR1. These data indicated that E11 was specific for a site in CR1
      that was distal from the C3b-binding site, so that E11 was unable to block CR1
      activity. E11 proved to be useful for identifying CR1 on various cells in tissue
      sections, and for quantitating CR1 on erythrocytes and neutrophils. Erythrocytes
      and neutrophils from normal individuals were found to bind an average of 610 and
      4.6 X 10(4) 125I-labeled E11 molecules per cell. When E11 was visualized in
      tissues by immunoperoxidase staining, the cells that apparently contained the
      greatest amounts of CR1 were dendritic reticulum cells and kidney podocytes. The
      E11 reactive dentritic reticulum cells were characteristic of both follicular and
      diffuse follicular center cell tumors. Lymphocytes from patients with chronic
      lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) characteristically expressed little E11, confirming
      earlier studies that CLL cells lacked CR1 activity detected by EAC1-3b rosette
      formation. Because normal B cells have been shown to express CR1 at a very early
      stage of maturation, the absence of CR1 on CLL cells is discordant with the
      immature nature of CLL cells defined by immunoglobulin expression.

PMID- 6368250
TI  - Binding of a murine monoclonal anti-DNA antibody to Raji cells. Implications for
      the interpretation of the Raji cell assay for immune complexes.

PMID- 6368251
TI  - The effects of insulin and tunicamycin on insulin receptors of cultured
      fibroblasts.
AB  - The effect of down-regulation on the intracellular pool of insulin receptors and
      the role of glycosylation in recovery from down-regulation have been studied in
      fibroblastic cultures from the skin of non-diabetic mice. In control cultures,
      55% of the total specific [125I]insulin-binding activity was in the intracellular
      compartment. Insulin caused a time- and concentration-dependent decrease in the
      number of cell surface insulin receptors, with no significant change in total
      insulin receptors. This decrease in surface receptors was accompanied by an
      increase in the specific binding of [125I]insulin in the intracellular
      compartment. Removal of insulin from down-regulated cells resulted in a time
      dependent increase in the binding of [125I]insulin to surface receptors, reaching
      90% of that in controls by 12 h. The recovery of surface insulin receptors after
      removal of insulin was blocked by incubation of cultures with tunicamycin, but
      not by cycloheximide. These results indicate that down-regulation of surface
      insulin receptors by insulin is associated with translocation of receptors into
      the intracellular pool and suggest that protein glycoslylation is important in
      insulin receptor recycling and externalization.

PMID- 6368252
TI  - Synchronous cell growth occurs upon synchronizing the two regulatory steps of the
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle.
AB  - There are two known asynchronous steps in the budding yeast Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae cell cycle, where an asynchronous step is one which is completed in
      different lengths of time by different cells in an isogenic population. It is
      shown here that elimination of the asynchrony due to cell size by preincubation
      of cells with the mating pheromone alpha-factor, and decreasing the asynchrony in
      the cdc28 'start' step by lowering the pH, yields highly synchronous cell growth
      measured as the time period between the emergence of buds. In one experiment,
      cell budding for 92% of cells occurred within a 12-min period for at least two
      generations. Under identical conditions, cell number increase is not as
      synchronous as bud emergence indicating that there is a third asynchronous step,
      which is concluded to be at cell separation. These results are consistent with
      there being two--and only two--asynchronous steps in the cell cycle, measured
      from bud emergence to bud emergence. Surprisingly, these two steps are also the
      two major regulatory steps of the cell cycle. It is concluded that asynchrony may
      be a general feature of cell cycle regulatory steps. The asynchrony in the
      completion of the cdc28 'start' step which occurs in the first cell cycle after
      alpha-factor washout is shown here to be almost or entirely eliminated for the
      second passage through this step after alpha-factor washout. The 'true' time
      between the onset of budding and the point where 50% of cells have budded (called
      t50BE) is 17 and less than or equal to 2 min for the first and second budding,
      respectively, after alpha-factor washout. The cell cycle models requiring a
      transition probability, or asynchrony, at 'start' for every cell cycle are
      therefore incorrect.

PMID- 6368253
TI  - Distribution of S-100 protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein in normal and
      gliotic human retina.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antisera were used to examine the
      distribution of S-100 protein in human retinas both immunohistochemically and
      immunochemically and to compare it to that of glial fibrillary acidic protein
      (GFAP). S-100 was not found in normal retinas nor in retinas with areas of
      reactive gliosis. GFAP was found in perikarya and processes of cells the nuclei
      of which were in the nerve fiber layer of normal retina. In areas of reactive
      gliosis there was intense staining with antiserum against GFAP extending from the
      internal limiting membrane to the external limiting membrane. Some of the glial
      cells in human retina and fibrillary astrocytes in the brain are identical in
      their expression of GFAP. However, absence of S-100 from both quiescent and
      reactive retinoglia distinguishes them from astrocytes in brain and spinal cord.

PMID- 6368254
TI  - Experimental hematology and bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 6368255
TI  - Report from the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry (IBMTR), 1983.
AB  - Exponential growth in the field of bone marrow transplantation is now enabling
      the IBMTR to conduct sophisticated statistical analyses with group sizes
      sufficient to identify factors that significantly influence outcome. The members
      of the Advisory Committee encourage bone marrow transplant teams throughout the
      world to report their consecutive transplant cases to the IBMTR. Participation in
      this unique international cooperative research group with the variability in
      protocols from center to center enables studies to be performed that could not be
      undertaken by any individual center.

PMID- 6368256
TI  - Infectious complications of bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 6368257
TI  - Experimental Brain Research: Combined author and title index, volume 1-50 (1965
      1983).

PMID- 6368258
TI  - Inhibition of gastric acid secretion elicited by D-glucose anomers in man.
AB  - Acid outputs from the stomach were measured after venous administration of D
      glucose and its optical anomers in men with insulin hypoglycemia. A significant
      decrease in gastric acid output was noted after the administration of 277 mM
      alpha-D-glucose, 277 mM optically equilibrated D-glucose consisting of 36% alpha
      anomer and 64% beta-anomer, or 277 mM beta-D-glucose. The effect of beta-D
      glucose was most potent in the three forms of D-glucose. NaCl solution, however,
      produced no appreciable change in the acid outputs. Our findings suggested that,
      in humans, beta-D-glucose in the blood may play an important role in the
      activation of glucose-sensitive mechanisms controlling vagally mediated secretion
      of gastric acid.

PMID- 6368259
TI  - Experimental murine leprosy: a biochemical study emphasizing lysosomal enzyme
      changes in vivo and enzyme secretion by macrophages in vitro.
AB  - This study was undertaken to identify biochemical alterations in serum, lymphoid
      organs, and peritoneal macrophages (PM) which reflect the histopathology of
      experimental Mycobacterium lepraemurium (MLM) infection in mice. A significant
      increase of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-D
      glucosaminidase, and lysozyme was found in serum, spleen, and liver homogenates
      of mice infected intraperitoneally (ip) with MLM. PM from infected mice showed a
      substantially greater rate of secretion of beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-D
      glucosaminidase, and acid phosphatase than PM from normal mice. There was,
      however, no significant difference in the ability of PM from BALB/c and C57BL/6
      mice to secrete such enzymes in vitro. There was also a significant increase in
      all these enzymes in PM in the early stage of infection but they dropped to
      values lower than normal in the advanced stage of infection despite the fact that
      such cells increased in size and protein content as the infection progressed.
      Infected mice were also found to have progressively elevated levels of serum
      lactic dehydrogenase, glutamic oxaloacetic, and glutamic pyruvic transaminases
      which indicated damages of hepatocytes and other tissues. Values of other blood
      components were also reported. Both BALB/c and C57BL/6 strain of mice, which are
      susceptible to the ip route of MLM infection, showed an indistinguishable pattern
      of biochemical alterations as reflected by their similar histopathological
      changes in various organs. BALB/c mice, which are still susceptible to
      subcutaneous (sc) route of infection showed similar characteristic changes in
      various serum components as before. In contrast, C57BL/6 mice, which are
      resistant to MLM infection sc, showed insignificant alterations in most of these
      biochemical parameters.

PMID- 6368260
TI  - [Inhibition of the insulin receptor activity of fat cell plasma membranes in rats
      with hyperadrenalinemia].
AB  - Insulin receptor interaction was examined in fatty plasma membranes of rats given
      adrenaline hydrochloride for 6 days in a dose producing a 10-20-fold increase in
      adrenaline excretion. A significant reduction in specific 125I-insulin binding
      was discovered in the presence of the lowered concentration of blood plasma
      immunoreactive insulin versus the control. Analysis made according to Skatchard,
      Meyts and Roth indicates that the reduced specific binding of 125I-insulin is
      accounted for by the decreased affinity and number of insulin binding sites and,
      to a less degree, by the increased negative cooperativity.

PMID- 6368261
TI  - [Pharmacology at the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR].

PMID- 6368262
TI  - Photophysical, photochemical and photobiological studies of 4'-methylangelicins,
      potential agents for photochemotherapy.
AB  - In order to study the relationship between certain photophysical and
      photochemical properties of furocoumarins and their photobiological activities,
      the quantum yields of the formation of excited triplet states, the capacity to
      generate singlet oxygen in vitro and the effect of oxygen on photoinduced cell
      killing and on the induction of cytoplasmic "petite" mutations in Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae were determined for a series of 4'-methylangelicins and 3
      carbethoxypsoralen (3-CPs). The capacity to generate singlet oxygen, in good
      agreement with the photophysical data, correlates well with the oxygen effect
      observed on the lethality of Saccharomyces cerevisiae shown by the various
      compounds and followed the ranking order 3-CPs greater than 4',4
      dimethylangelicin greater than 4'-methylangelicin greater than 4',5
      dimethylangelicin. On the other hand the oxygen effect on the induction of
      cytoplasmic "petite" mutations on yeast appears much less pronounced than that
      shown on survival. Concerning other photobiological properties previously studied
      no correlation was observed between the capacity to generate singlet oxygen in
      vitro and the skin photosensitizing activity of the compounds. Moreover, the
      generation of singlet oxygen by furocoumarins does not appear as the main cause
      for the photoinduction of skin tumors in mice.

PMID- 6368263
TI  - Rapid identification of Trypanosoma cruzi isolates by 'dot-spot' hybridization.
AB  - The presence of isolate-specific Trypanosoma cruzi minicircles has been shown in
      the kinetoplast DNA of this parasite. This led to the rapid identification of
      isolates and clones of trypanosomes by means of 'dot-spot' hybridizations with
      molecularly cloned minicircle probes. Unexpectedly, whole kDNAs were also
      suitable as probes for this purpose, provided that filters were washed under
      stringent conditions. This was attributed to the presence of the above-mentioned
      isolate-specific minicircle sequences. The fact that parasites could be directly
      spotted onto nitrocellulose filters simplified the rapid routine screening of a
      large number of samples.

PMID- 6368264
TI  - A novel glycan polymerase that synthesizes uncross-linked peptidoglycan in
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - A simple and efficient procedure to assay peptidoglycan synthesis in vitro was
      established. By this procedure, a novel activity for glycan polymerization in
      Escherichia coli was found in the fraction containing no detectable penicillin
      binding protein (PBP). This polymerase activity was relatively insensitive to
      moenomycin, showed requirement for Ca2+ or Mn2+ but not for Mg2+, and led to
      production of uncross-linked glycan chains. These properties distinguished the
      glycan polymerase from the activities shown by the fractions containing PBPs. The
      glycan polymerase catalyzing polymerization of glycan units from lipid
      intermediates was purified and identified as a protein of 34 kDa.

PMID- 6368265
TI  - Does the DNA methylase Eco dam pair nucleotide sequences to form site-specific
      duplexes?
AB  - The Eco dam methylase is active on denatured DNA and single-stranded synthetic
      oligonucleotides containing GATC sites. The results suggest that on interaction
      with single-stranded oligonucleotides the Eco dam methylase is able to form a
      duplex structure within the GATC site, and that this duplex site is a substrate
      for enzyme.

PMID- 6368266
TI  - Inhibition of ribonuclease activity during RNA synthesis in isolated yeast nuclei
      by cadmium.
AB  - We have developed an efficient transcription system in isolated yeast nuclei. If
      MnCl2 is substituted by CdCl2, degradation of newly synthesized RNA is markedly
      reduced. This effect is due to the inhibition of nuclear ribonuclease activity,
      since microsomal ribonuclease activity is less affected by the cation. The extent
      to which the addition of CdCl2 to the in vitro transcription assay inhibits
      ribonuclease activity is demonstrated by the measurements of the size of newly
      synthesized RNA. Efficient RNA synthesis in this system is not affected up to a
      concentration of 0.1 M CdCl2.

PMID- 6368267
TI  - Temperature-induced ultraviolet absorption changes of heavy meromyosin. An
      application of a computerized spectrophotometer system.
AB  - The UV absorption of HMM (heavy meromyosin) was measured at various temperatures
      with a computerized spectrophotometer system. HMM showed temperature-induced
      absorption changes in the presence and absence of nucleotides. The temperature
      induced absorption change at 293 nm, which is due to conformational changes
      around the tryptophan residues of HMM, was enhanced in the presence of
      nucleotides. The temperature-induced difference spectra of HMM + AMPPNP relative
      to HMM obtained by using a conventional spectrophotometer [(1977) J. Biochem.
      (Tokyo) 81, 313-320] could be reproduced by subtracting the temperature-induced
      spectral changes of HMM from those of HMM + AMPPNP.

PMID- 6368268
TI  - Application of a charge/size two-dimensional gel electrophoresis system to the
      analysis of the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6368269
TI  - Role of protein degradation in the regulation of cellular protein content and
      amino acid pools.
AB  - A decrease in the rate of protein degradation contributes to the accumulation of
      cellular protein during growth or storage of dietary amino acids. Examples of
      this process in the liver of live mice are reviewed. One aspect of this
      regulation is the direct effect of amino acids on the rate of protein breakdown.
      At least in the case of histidine starvation in Chinese hamster ovary cells, the
      regulatory mechanism recognizes the level of aminoacylation of tRNA.

PMID- 6368270
TI  - Effects of insulin on cardiac lysosomes and protein degradation.
AB  - Hearts perfused in the absence of added insulin had 1) accelerated rates of
      protein degradation, as assessed by release of phenylalanine and tyrosine; 2)
      increased rates of release of seven other amino acids; 3) decreased lysosomal
      latency and sedimentable lysosomal enzyme activity; 4) increased numbers of
      autophagic vacuoles in cardiac muscle cells; and 5) decreased activity of beta-N
      acetylglucosaminidase in dense lysosomes (1.06-1.09 g/ml), as compared to hearts
      perfused in the presence of the hormone. After 3 h of perfusion in the absence of
      insulin, the changes that developed in protein degradation, lysosomal latency,
      and sedimentability, and in enzyme activity in dense lysosomes, were reversed by
      insulin addition during 90 min of subsequent perfusion. These studies suggest a
      role for insulin in controlling the activity of the lysosomal system and the
      involvement of this system in protein degradation, particularly in insulin
      deprived tissue.

PMID- 6368272
TI  - Ovulation induction with subcutaneous pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone:
      the role of supplemental human chorionic gonadotropin in the luteal phase.
AB  - Four subjects with hypothalamic amenorrhea were administered subcutaneous
      pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) for ovulation induction. GnRH was
      discontinued at the time of presumed ovulation in all cases. In the first two
      patients the luteal phase was supported with human chorionic gonadotropin in the
      initial cycle but not in the second cycle. In patient 3, the reverse was true.
      Patient 4 had only one cycle on GnRH, and it was unsupported. Daily blood samples
      were obtained for luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol,
      and progesterone (P); and frequent pelvic ultrasound examinations were performed.
      Presumed ovulation as determined by ultrasound occurred in all seven cycles. The
      first three patients had short luteal phases with poor P production in the
      unsupported cycles. However, the fourth patient, who had shown pituitary response
      in GnRH testing, had a normal luteal phase with good P production without human
      chorionic gonadotropin support. These data support the notion that subcutaneous
      pulsatile GnRH can be used for the induction of ovulation. However, if the luteal
      phase is not supported, an inadequate corpus luteum may result.

PMID- 6368271
TI  - Biologist Leroy Hood wins 3M Life Sciences Award.

PMID- 6368273
TI  - Antigenicity of sperm cells after freezing and thawing.
AB  - Freezing and thawing is thought to result in removal of spermatozoal membrane
      antigens. We investigated the presence of sperm antigens before and after
      freezing and thawing by means of the immunoperoxidase assay (IPAMA), sperm
      immobilization test (SIT), and separation of proteins by gel electrophoresis. The
      results of the IPAMA and SIT assays showed no difference in the membrane antigens
      before and after freezing and thawing. Analysis of surface proteins by gel
      electrophoresis demonstrated that freezing and thawing did not remove any
      particular group of proteins from the surface membrane of spermatozoa. According
      to the evidence of the three tests performed, there is no meaningful removal of
      antigens from the sperm cell surface membrane by the process of freezing,
      preservation, and thawing when carried out by the specific methods used. This
      work does not support the suggestion that in cases of immunologic incompatibility
      between spermatozoa and cervical mucus it would be possible to overcome the
      couple's infertility by employing the process of freezing, preservation, and
      thawing.

PMID- 6368274
TI  - [Origins of the current development of the science of the physiology of aging in
      the Ukraine].

PMID- 6368276
TI  - Laminate veneers.

PMID- 6368275
TI  - Two principles for improving the adaptation of stainless steel crowns to primary
      molars.
AB  - Two principles are discussed that address the length and marginal contours of
      stainless steel crowns. Application of morphologic findings of teeth and contours
      of marginal gingival tissues are presented to support these principles. Clinical
      applications of these principles are discussed. Use of them in your technique
      will enhance the efficient adaptation of stainless steel crowns. In fact, you
      will be more efficient with guesswork eliminated. Also, incorporation of the
      principles into your technique will ensure that the efforts you make will result
      in the adaptation of custom stainless steel crowns for your patients.

PMID- 6368277
TI  - The role of occlusal sealants in preventive dentistry.

PMID- 6368278
TI  - [History of dermatology at the University of Leipzig].

PMID- 6368279
TI  - On the choice of strain energy function for mechanical characterisation of soft
      biological tissues.

PMID- 6368280
TI  - A vaginal approach to the treatment of genital prolapse.
AB  - The surgical treatment of 409 patients with genital prolapse is described. The
      procedure, which invariably included hysterectomy, concentrated upon one of the
      major complaints of these patients, i.e., their stress-incontinence. Special care
      was taken not to shorten the urethral length. Two hundred of these patients were
      available for a relatively long follow-up period ranging from 7 to 13 yr. Within
      the first post-operative year, stress-incontinence appeared to have been cured in
      90% of the patients. The long-term results show that the percentage of continent
      women has diminished to 81, which is an important finding probably not
      attributable to the surgical technique. In the long term, the second most
      frequent complaint of low back pain has recurred in 29% of our patients.

PMID- 6368281
TI  - Classic illustration. Figure showing the relationship between malformations of
      the thalidomide type and the sales of thalidomide.

PMID- 6368282
TI  - A serum factor stimulating cathepsin D-release from erythrocytes or ghosts.
AB  - A serum factor preparation extensively purified from bovine serum stimulated
      cathepsin D-release from the rat blood cells in a concentration-dependent fashion
      within a range of physiological concentrations of the factor. Among the blood
      cells only the erythrocytes (or ghosts) were responsive to the factor, and the
      leucocytes and lymphocytes were unresponsive. The effects of Ca2+-concentrations,
      SH- blocking reagents, protease-inhibitors, calmodulin-inhibitors, calmodulin or
      EGTA-pretreatment of the ghosts on cathepsin D-release from the erythrocytes of
      ghosts in the presence or the absence of serum factor were investigated. The
      results suggested that the serum factor may first activate the Ca2+-calmodulin
      system via the mobilization of "Ca2+-pool" and then the calmodulin-dependent SH
      protease in the erythrocyte plasma membranes. The activated protease in turn may
      break the linkage between cathepsin D and the plasma membranes, liberating
      cathepsin D activity into the incubation medium. The name of "calciferin" was
      proposed for the serum factor.

PMID- 6368283
TI  - The stimulation of yeast mitochondrial protein synthesis by low molecular weight
      cytoplasmic factors: requirement for intact mitochondria and lack of effect by
      folate derivatives.
AB  - Protein synthesis by GTP-supplemented yeast mitochondria is stimulated by a
      fraction of molecular weight less than 2,000 isolated from yeast high-speed
      supernatant (S-150). The low molecular weight fraction works independently of the
      respiratory chain as the stimulation effect is not cyanide-sensitive. Stimulation
      of mitochondrial protein synthesis by cytoplasmic factors is dependent upon the
      method of mitochondrial isolation. The low molecular weight stimulatory factor(s)
      are not reduced folate derivatives which supply formyl groups required for
      initiation of mitochondrial protein synthesis.

PMID- 6368284
TI  - Evidence concerning a possible steady state rate equation for E. coli alkaline
      phosphatase.
AB  - Steady state data was obtained for alkaline phosphatase over a wide range of
      experimental conditions using two substrates, four inhibitors, two modifiers and
      several pH, ionic strength and temperatures values. The data was fitted by
      rational functions of degree 1:1, 2:2 and 3:3 using a non-linear regression
      program and then the F-test was used to assess the goodness of fit. A proportion
      of the curves could only be fitted by 2:2 functions but many of them could be
      adequately fitted by 1:1 functions. No statistically significant improvement in
      fit occurred with 3:3 functions. Data was simulated using a computer program to
      see what sort of curves could be generated by a two sites mechanism proposed for
      alkaline phosphatase and this study showed it is difficult to detect cubic terms
      in this rate equation. It was concluded that alkaline phosphatase does not obey
      Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Rather, the steady state data require a mechanism of
      at least second degree but do not exclude a rate equation of third degree.

PMID- 6368285
TI  - Insulin effect on some biochemical and biophysical characteristics of lung
      surfactant.
AB  - The incorporation of [14C]palmitic acid into rat alveolar wash total
      phospholipids and phospholipid fractions has been followed for 6, 8, 10 and 12 hr
      after insulin administration, indicating a considerable enhancement. The fatty
      acid profiles of phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines and
      phosphatidylglycerols were found changed after the hormone administration. Eight
      hours post insulin treatment the precursor incorporation was highest in all
      phospholipid fractions studied, as well as the contribution of long chain fatty
      acids. Dynamic monolayer studies of the lung wash lipid extracts indicated a
      maximally expanded lipid film corresponding to the highly unsaturated
      phospholipids present.

PMID- 6368286
TI  - Backword and forward.

PMID- 6368287
TI  - Initiation of meiosis and sporulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by sulfur or
      guanine deprivation.
AB  - Homothallic Saccharomyces cerevisiae, growing exponentially in a synthetic
      acetate medium, could be initiated to undergo meiosis and subsequent sporulation
      by removal of sulfur from the medium or by partial purine deprivation of purine
      auxotrophs or, most efficiently, by guanine deprivation of a guanine auxotroph.
      In contrast, partial uracil deprivation of uracil auxotrophs did not cause
      sporulation. Under any of the above and other sporulation conditions, the
      intracellular concentrations of GTP and, usually at some time later, S
      adenosylmethionine (SAM) decreased; the concentrations of the other nucleoside
      triphosphates decreased under some but increased under other sporulation
      conditions. The addition of 1 mM methionine or, more effectively, of SAM or the
      combination of adenine plus methionine greatly increased the intracellular
      concentration of SAM and reduced or prevented sporulation, even when GTP
      decreased. However, differentiation can be inhibited by an excess of many
      metabolites which do not specifically control the initiation process; in
      particular, SAM is known to inhibit yeast metabolism (e.g., transamination).
      Therefore, we cannot yet decide whether the deficiency of GTP or SAM (or related
      compounds) serves as a signal for the initiation of meiosis/sporulation.

PMID- 6368288
TI  - Normal insulin sensitivity of the islets of Langerhans in obese subjects with
      resistance to its glucoregulatory actions.
AB  - The ability of varying levels of circulating insulin to suppress alpha- and beta
      cell secretion was assessed by plasma glucagon and C-peptide measurement in 6
      obese and 6 nonobese subjects maintained in a euglycemic state, with an insulin
      concentration elevated by 10, 20, or 100 microU/ml above basal levels by a primed
      continuous infusion of insulin. The 10-microU/ml increase did not suppress C
      peptide levels significantly in either group. However, incremental increases in
      plasma insulin of approximately 20 and 100 microU/ml above basal suppressed
      plasma C-peptide by 0.27 +/- 0.14 and 0.53 +/- 0.07 pmol/ml, respectively, in the
      obese subjects (14% and 31% of the basal values of 2.20 +/- 0.18 and 2.19 +/-
      0.26 pmol/ml, respectively) and by 0.16 +/- 0.06 and 0.17 +/- 0.06 pmol/ml in the
      nonobese subjects (20% and 25% the basal values of 0.74 +/- 0.11 and 0.78 +/-
      0.11 pmol/ml, respectively). Plasma glucagon levels were suppressed to a similar
      degree in each group in a dose-related manner during both the 20-microU/ml and
      100-microU/ml clamps. We were unable to identify an increment of insulin that
      suppressed C-peptide and/or glucagon in one group but not in another. These data
      demonstrate inhibition of alpha- and beta-cell secretion by insulin within its
      physiologic range in both non-obese and obese man, and exclude insulin resistance
      of alpha- and beta-cells in obese individuals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6368289
TI  - Effects of physical training and diet therapy on carbohydrate metabolism in
      patients with glucose intolerance and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The effects of 12 wk of physical training in addition to hypocaloric diet (DPT
      group, N = 10) on body composition, carbohydrate (CHO) tolerance, and insulin
      secretion and action were compared with the effects of diet therapy alone (D
      group, N = 8) in CHO-intolerant and non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. Fat
      mass, fat-free mass (FFM), mean fasting plasma glucose, serum C-peptide, and
      insulin concentrations decreased similarly in both groups. The mean plasma
      glucose response to a mixed meal decreased approximately 20% in both treatment
      groups, and, after i.v. glucose, decreased 12% in the D group (P less than 0.05),
      but did not change in the DPT group (NS between groups). The acute serum insulin
      response (0-6 min) after IG increased significantly in the DPT group only (NS
      between groups). The mean basal endogenous glucose production (BEGP) decreased
      17% (P less than 0.025) in the DPT group and by 31% (P less than 0.01) in the D
      group (NS between groups). Hepatic sensitivity to insulin, estimated by BEGP
      suppression during the euglycemic clamp, increased significantly by 25% in both
      groups. Total glucose disposal during the euglycemic clamp increased from 3.51 +/
      0.04 milligrams of glucose per kilogram of fat-free mass per minute (mg/kg
      FFM/min) to 4.45 +/- 0.54 mg/kg-FFM/min (P less than 0.05) in the DPT group, but
      no change occurred in the D group (NS between groups).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6368290
TI  - Culture and phenotype of activated T-cells from patients with type I diabetes
      mellitus.
AB  - Blood T-cells from 28 patients with type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes (IDDM) of
      variable duration were examined for the Tac antigen by immunofluorescence, and
      for proliferation in the presence of interleukin 2 (IL 2). The mean percentage of
      Tac+ cells in patients whose IDDM was of less than 2-yr duration was 6.2%
      compared with 2% in patients whose IDDM was of 3 or more years' duration, or in
      healthy controls. The percentage of Tac+ cells in the patients' blood correlated
      positively with the amount of thymidine uptake in a 24-h culture of blood
      mononuclear cells and with the percentage of T-cell blasts generated in a 6-day
      culture. The patients' T-cell blasts stained with OKT 4 or OKT 8, suggesting that
      each of these subsets is present in the activated T-cell population in the
      patients' blood. The T-cell blasts did not show specificity for pork insulin in
      an antigen restimulation assay. There was no correlation between increased Tac+
      cells and the presence or absence of islet cell antibodies. If T-cell activation
      in IDDM occurs as a result of recognition of islet cell antigens, our results
      suggest that both HLA-DR-restricted (OKT 4+) and A-, B-, and C-restricted (OKT
      8+) T-cell subsets contribute.

PMID- 6368291
TI  - Absent or delayed preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge in experimental diabetes
      mellitus.
AB  - The proestrus preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge was absent or delayed
      in more than 56% of untreated streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Absence of LH surge
      was associated with anovulation. Insulin treatment for 10-14 days restored the
      diminished surge and ovulation frequency. Pituitary LH release in response to
      exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone administration in diabetic rats was not
      different from controls. Impaired hypothalamic function may comprise the basis
      for the increased incidence of infertility in diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6368292
TI  - The fate of insulin in rat hepatocytes. Evidence for the release of an
      immunologically active fragment.
AB  - We have investigated the fate of 125I-insulin after binding by rat hepatocytes.
      Approximately 30% of the bound radioactivity dissociated from the cells as intact
      125I-insulin; approximately 56% dissociated as 125I- and 125I-Tyr. The remaining
      radioactivity was recovered as peptides that we postulate are intermediate
      products of insulin metabolism. Experiments were performed in the presence of
      chloroquine (0.1 mM), an agent known to inhibit the intracellular processing of
      125I-insulin. As expected, chloroquine increased the amount of radioactivity
      recovered as intact 125I-insulin (P less than 0.005) and decreased the amount of
      125I- and 125I-Tyr (P less than 0.005). In addition, chloroquine decreased the
      amount of one of the insulin peptides (P less than 0.005), but increased the
      amount of the other (P less than 0.01). These data suggest the presence of two
      pathways of insulin metabolism in rat hepatocytes, one of which is inhibited by
      chloroquine. We have found a second pathway by which insulin is degraded due to
      the removal of several amino acids from the carboxy-terminus of the B-chain. The
      resulting fragment bound poorly to insulin receptors on IM-9 cultured human
      lymphocytes, and probably has little if any biologic activity. However, this
      fragment bound well to anti-insulin antibody and constituted about 20% of the
      immunoreactive radioactivity that dissociated from the hepatocytes.

PMID- 6368293
TI  - The insulin sensitivity index. Correlation in dogs between values determined from
      the intravenous glucose tolerance test and the euglycemic glucose clamp.
AB  - We previously proposed the insulin sensitivity index, Sl, as an absolute measure
      of whole body tissue sensitivity to insulin. Sl is defined, in the physiologic
      range of insulin action, as the effect of insulin to augment glucose's ability to
      reduce its own plasma level. This parameter can be determined from the frequently
      sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) by using a digital computer to
      find the coefficients of a minimal mathematical model of glucose kinetics. In the
      present study we compared, in normal dogs, Sl determined from the IVGTT to an
      analogous parameter [Sl(clamp)] calculated from the euglycemic glucose clamp
      (EGC). Fifteen pairs of experiments (1 IVGTT and 1 EGC) were performed on 12
      animals. IVGTTs: After glucose injection (0.3 g/kg), frequent blood samples were
      taken over the subsequent 3 h. KG ranged from 1.7 to 4.7%/min, and integrated
      insulin from 0.4 to 5.9 (mU/ml) min for 0-60 min. Sl varied over a nine-fold
      range from 1.0 to 9.1 X 10(-4) (min-1)/(microU/ml), with a mean of 4.3 +/- 0.7 X
      10(-4). Fractional glucose disappearance rate independent of insulin (p1) was 4.3
      +/- 0.5%/min. EGCs: Low-rate insulin infusion (8 mU/min from 1 to 150 min)
      elevated plasma insulin (INS) from 15 +/- 4 to 43 +/- 10 microU/ml. Glucose was
      infused (GINF) at 119 +/- 20 mg/min to maintain euglycemia. Moderate insulin
      infusion (40 mU/min: 151-300 min) further elevated plasma insulin (to 176 +/- 37
      microU/ml) and the requisite glucose infusion (to 372 +/- 36 mg/min).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6368294
TI  - Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide augmentation of insulin. Physiology
      or pharmacology?
AB  - Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is said to be a major
      physiologic factor in the augmentation of the insulin response to oral glucose.
      Whether GIP promotes insulin release at physiologic concentrations of glucose or
      GIP, however, is questionable. To investigate this further, volunteers were
      infused with 10, 20, or 40 g intravenous (i.v.) glucose, with or without
      simultaneous GIP infusion, to produce plasma levels of GIP or glucose similar to
      those seen after oral glucose. The effect of 40 g i.v. glucose with three times
      the original dose of GIP was also investigated. No significant enhancement of
      glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was seen when GIP was infused with 10 or 20
      g i.v. glucose; however, with 40 g a doubling of the insulin response occurred.
      The higher dose of GIP caused a further increase in insulin response (30-min
      increment, 972 +/- 191 pmol/L; compared with glucose alone, 356 +/- 100 pmol/L, P
      less than 0.01; and compared with low GIP, 602 +/- 247 pmol/L, P less than 0.02).
      The glucose increment after the 40-g i.v. dose was +9.2 mmol/L. The concentration
      of GIP and glucose required to produce significant potentiation of the insulin
      response appears to be in the pharmacologic, rather than physiologic, range.

PMID- 6368295
TI  - Effects of long-term optimization and short-term deterioration of glycemic
      control on glucose counterregulation in type I diabetes mellitus.
AB  - To assess the effects of glycemic control on glucose counterregulation, rates of
      plasma glucose recovery from hypoglycemia and counterregulatory hormonal
      responses were studied in 18 C-peptide-negative patients with insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus (IDDM) before and after either improvement, no change, or
      deterioration in glycemic control. Hypoglycemia was induced by an i.v. insulin
      infusion (30 mU/m2 X min for 1 h) after maintenance of euglycemia overnight with
      i.v. insulin. In 13 patients with long duration of IDDM (9 +/- 0.5 yr, mean +/-
      SEM) and initially poor glycemic control (mean diurnal blood glucose, MBG 199 +/-
      8 mg/dl, ketoamine-HbA1 12.4 +/- 0.2%; nondiabetic subjects 104 +/- 4 mg/dl and
      6.8 +/- 0.09%, respectively), rates of plasma glucose recovery from hypoglycemia
      (0.30 +/- 0.01 versus 0.60 +/- 0.01 mg/dl X min in nondiabetic subjects, P less
      than 0.001) and plasma glucagon (AUC 0.56 +/- 0.09 versus 6.3 +/- 0.50 ng/ml X
      150 min in nondiabetic subjects, P less than 0.01) and epinephrine (AUC 16.9 +/-
      0.2 versus 25.7 +/- 0.2 ng/ml X 150 min in nondiabetic subjects, P less than
      0.001) responses to hypoglycemia were impaired. Intensive therapy (three daily
      injections of insulin) instituted in 7 out of 13 IDDM patients for up to 9 mo
      improved MBG (124 +/- 6 mg/dl, P less than 0.01) and ketoamine-HbA1 (7.9 +/-
      0.02%, P less than 0.01) but not rates of plasma glucose recovery (0.31 +/- 0.01
      mg/dl X min) and plasma glucagon (AUC 0.69 +/- 0.07 ng/ml X 150 min) and
      epinephrine (AUC 14.9 +/- 0.17 ng/ml X 150 min) responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6368296
TI  - Chlorpropamide--alcohol flush: the case in favour.

PMID- 6368297
TI  - Clinical time-course and characteristics of islet cell cytoplasmatic antibodies
      in childhood diabetes.
AB  - Circulating islet cell antibodies (ICA) were present in high frequency (80%)
      early after diagnosis and decreased in the time course of childhood diabetes
      mellitus. The complement fixing ability of islet cell antibodies (CF-ICA) in the
      course of the disease appeared to depend on the titre of ICA: the coefficient of
      correlation between ICA and CF-ICA titres was 0.79 and all ICA's with a titre
      over 16 were complement-fixing. Incubating fresh frozen human pancreatic sections
      thrice rather than once with the children's sera, increased the detectability of
      complement fixation by a factor 1.4 in all ICA-positive sera. Thus tested, the
      detection of complement fixation per se did not appear to have a separate
      pathogenic significance, as the fraction of complement fixing ICA's was almost
      constant throughout the clinical course. The presence of ICA-IgG subclasses also
      was dependent on the ICA titre: above a titre of 16 mostly all four subclasses
      could be detected. Incubating the pancreatic tissue thrice rather than once with
      ICA-positive sera resulted in enhanced detectability of ICA-IgG1. Early in the
      course of childhood diabetes, including two prediabetic children, most of the IgG
      subclasses could be detected in ICA, but after a duration of one year IgG1 alone
      was mainly seen. In two other children, having a family history of insulin
      dependency, restriction to the IgG2 subclass was found.

PMID- 6368298
TI  - Cell-mediated cytotoxic islet cell surface antibodies to human pancreatic beta
      cells.
AB  - Sera containing islet cell surface antibodies show a complement-dependent
      cytotoxic reaction against islet cells, but it has not yet been clarified whether
      islet cell surface antibodies exhibit cell-mediated cytotoxicity to these cells.
      By 51Cr release assay we investigated whether islet cell surface antibodies
      showed a cytotoxic reaction to human pancreatic B cells (JHPI-1 clone) in the
      presence of normal human lymphocytes. The sera from 14 islet cell surface
      antibody-positive, 16 islet cell surface antibody-negative Type 1 (insulin
      dependent) diabetic patients and 18 islet cell surface antibody-negative healthy
      subjects were studied. Four sera containing islet cell surface antibodies showed
      specific cytotoxicity above the mean +3SD value of healthy subjects, and the mean
      specific cytotoxicity of islet cell surface antibody-positive sera differed
      significantly from that of both islet cell surface antibody-negative groups.
      These results suggest that this cell-mediated cytotoxic mechanism may play an
      important role in the pathogenesis of Type 1 diabetes.

PMID- 6368299
TI  - Risk factors for worsening to diabetes in subjects with impaired glucose
      tolerance.
AB  - In a 5-12 year follow-up study of 288 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance
      after a 100-g glucose load, 48 worsened to overt Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent)
      diabetes with the elevation of fasting blood glucose. The initial level of blood
      glucose was a major predictor of subsequent worsening to diabetes. In addition,
      subjects with a lower insulin response to glucose showed a higher incidence of
      worsening to the disease, irrespective of blood glucose levels. Multivariate
      analysis indicated that a diminished insulin response and a high maximal body
      weight index, as well as a high level of fasting and 2-h glucose values at the
      initial 100-g oral glucose tolerance test were significant independent risk
      factors for the development of diabetes in Japanese subjects.

PMID- 6368300
TI  - Effect of co-ingestion of fat on the metabolic responses to slowly and rapidly
      absorbed carbohydrates.
AB  - The present study examined the acute effects of co-ingestion of fat (37.5 g) on
      the post-prandial metabolic responses to 75 g of carbohydrate which was either
      slowly absorbed (lentils) or rapidly absorbed (potatoes). Co-ingestion of fat
      resulted in a significant flattening of the post-prandial glucose curves, the
      effect being more pronounced for the rapidly absorbed potatoes. This was probably
      due to delayed gastric emptying. However, the post-prandial insulin responses to
      either carbohydrate were not significantly reduced by fat, suggesting that the
      insulin response to a given glucose concentration was potentiated in the presence
      of fat. The gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) responses to both carbohydrates
      were greatly increased in the presence of fat. To investigate further the
      possible roles of GIP in the entero-insular axis, a 5-g bolus of glucose was
      injected intravenously 1 h after lentils +/- fat. This was sufficient to raise
      the glucose levels above the threshold reported for GIP to potentiate insulin
      secretion. However, despite the large differences in circulating GIP levels, the
      insulin response to glucose was not affected by the presence of fat. These
      results suggest that (1) the rate of absorption of carbohydrate is a major
      determinant of post-prandial metabolic responses even in the presence of fat, (2)
      fat-stimulated GIP secretion does not potentiate glucose-induced insulin
      secretion, and (3) the potentiation of the insulin response to glucose when
      carbohydrate is co-ingested with fat is consistent with the well-documented
      insulin resistance associated with high fat diets.

PMID- 6368301
TI  - Opiates modulate insulin action in vivo in dogs.
AB  - To investigate the influence of opiates on insulin action in vivo, we induced
      mild physiological hyperinsulinaemia (15-20 mU/l) in five trained conscious dogs
      in the absence or presence of ongoing infusion with the opiate agonist D-met2
      pro5-enkephalinamide (DMPE, 0.5 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1), or the opiate
      antagonist naloxone (1.25 mg followed by 1 microgram X kg-1 X min-1). The effects
      on glucose production and glucose utilization were measured by isotope dilution
      using 3-3H-glucose. Glucose fell similarly over 30 min in response to insulin in
      controls (0.021 +/- 0.003 mmol X l-1 X min-1), and both the DMPE and naloxone
      studies (0.016 +/- 0.002 mmol X l-1 X min-1 and 0.017 +/- 0.003 mmol X l-1 X min
      1, respectively). In control dogs, insulin lowered glucose by transiently
      suppressing production by 0.028 +/- 0.006 mmol X kg-1 X min-1 at 20-30 min
      without changing utilization. In contrast, in both the DMPE and naloxone studies
      insulin lowered glucose by markedly raising utilization at 20 min by 0.094 +/-
      0.017 and 0.139 +/- 0.022 mmol X kg-1 X min-1, respectively. Furthermore, insulin
      failed to suppress production in both DMPE and naloxone studies and, as plasma
      glucose fell, production rose in both treatment groups at 20 min by 0.045 +/-
      0.012 and 0.089 +/- 0.022 mmol X kg-1 X min-1 respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6368302
TI  - Adrenal interference of insulin secretion after 14-days oestradiol treatment in
      female rats.
AB  - Ovarian-adrenal interactions on insulin secretion during oestradiol treatment
      were studied in sham-operated, ovariectomized and adrenalectomized-ovariectomized
      female rats, the latter thus treated to suppress interference from endogenous
      hormones. Islets of Langerhans isolated from oestradiol or oestradiol +
      corticosterone treated and control rats were incubated with various glucose
      concentrations. Oestradiol treatment enhanced basal and glucose stimulated
      insulin secretion from sham-operated (+12%) or ovariectomized rats (+24%). This
      effect disappeared in adrenalectomized-ovariectomized rats but reappeared when
      adrenalectomized-ovariectomized rats were treated with oestradiol +
      corticosterone (+37%). A 14-day oestradiol treatment had a trophic effect on
      total protein content independent of adrenal presence (+14%; +15%; +31%; +23%
      versus respective control groups). Our data demonstrate that corticosterone is
      necessary for the stimulating effect of oestradiol on insulin secretion.

PMID- 6368303
TI  - Insulin internalization in human erythrocytes.

PMID- 6368304
TI  - [Commemoration of the sesquicentennial of the founding of the Medical Sciences
      Establishment].

PMID- 6368305
TI  - Effects of branched chain amino acid infusion on glucose metabolism in cirrhotic
      patients with encephalopathy.
AB  - An amino acid solution enriched in branched chain amino acids (BCAA) was
      administered to cirrhotic patients with encephalopathy and serial determinations
      of serum glucose, IRI and IRG were performed. Slight decrease of serum glucose
      was observed when only BCAA was given. On the other hand, when BCAA was infused
      with glucose, the serum glucose level decreased significantly after infusion (
      77.5 +/- 26.2 mg/dl, p less than 0.01) and two cases of hypoglycemic shock were
      observed. Although both serum insulin and glucagon increased in these cases, the
      IRI/IRG molar ratio which was 8.9 at the start of infusion increased to 20.6 at
      the end of infusion. It was suggested that administration of BCAA with glucose
      caused hypoglycemia in cirrhotics with encephalopathy, possibly by synergistic
      action of BCAA and glucose on serum insulin level.

PMID- 6368306
TI  - Enhancement of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rectal carcinogenesis following
      chronic ethanol consumption in the rat.
AB  - The incidence, distribution, size, and histopathology of grossly visible
      intestinal tumors induced by the parenteral administration of 1,2
      dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride were examined in 32 paired rats fed a
      nutritionally adequate liquid diet containing 36% of total calories either as
      ethanol or isocaloric carbohydrates. The liquid diets were begun 4 wk before the
      first of four weekly injections of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride. At the
      time of the subcutaneous application of the procarcinogen, liquid diets were
      omitted for 3 wk, and were replaced by a standard laboratory diet. This feeding
      schedule was repeated four times, and after 32 wk the animals were killed.
      Chronic ethanol ingestion increased the total number of rectal tumors
      significantly (17 vs. 6, p less than 0.02). However, alcohol had no effect on
      tumor size or histopathology. Chronic ethanol ingestion did not exhibit any
      cocarcinogenic effect in tissues other than the rectum. A 47% increase in the
      activity of mucosal alcohol dehydrogenase in the distal colorectum was found
      between chronically ethanol-fed rats and pair-fed controls (0.241 +/- 0.019 vs.
      0.164 +/- 0.020 mumol X mg protein-1 X h-1, p less than 0.01). This could in part
      explain the cocarcinogenic effect of alcohol in this tissue. Fecal bile acids,
      however, do not play a role as promoters of rectal cancer under the present
      experimental conditions. The data give experimental support to the epidemiologic
      findings of an increased incidence of rectal cancer in the alcoholic.

PMID- 6368307
TI  - Vienna and the liver.

PMID- 6368308
TI  - [Problems of blood substitutes in the works of Academician N. A. Fedorov and his
      school].

PMID- 6368309
TI  - [Nikolai Aleksandrovich Fedorov].

PMID- 6368310
TI  - [Development of A. A. Bogomolets' theory on the mechanism of action of blood
      transfusion].

PMID- 6368311
TI  - Erosions on the palate.

PMID- 6368312
TI  - Retention of Heli-Coil, cemented, and threaded posts: a comparison.

PMID- 6368313
TI  - Mutagenic specificity of a novel T4 DNA polymerase mutant.
AB  - The in vivo mutational specificity of a novel T4 DNA polymerase mutator mutant,
      tsM19, was determined. Two genetic tester systems were used to characterize the
      mutant. Results of our studies indicate that tsM19 promotes transition and
      transversion mutagenesis and, possibly, frameshift mutagenesis. Central G:C base
      pairs in runs of three or more consecutive G:C base pairs may be target sites for
      tsM19-induced transitions.

PMID- 6368314
TI  - The role of pyrimidine dimers as premutagenic lesions: a study of targeted vs.
      untargeted mutagenesis in the lacI gene of Escherichia coli.
AB  - We have employed conjugal transfer of an F' lac episome to examine targeted and
      untargeted mutagenesis in the lacI gene of Escherichia coli and to determine the
      relative importance of pyrimidine dimers as premutational UV lesions compared to
      (6-4) photoproducts that also may have a mutational role. This conjugal system
      allowed us to assess the premutagenic role of UV lesions independently from any
      role as inducers of SOS functions. F' DNA was transferred to an SOS-induced
      recipient strain from: unirradiated donor cells, UV-treated donor cells or donor
      cells that were irradiated and then exposed to photoreactivating light. The
      results indicate that SOS-related, untargeted events may account for as much as
      one-third of the nonsense mutations (i.e., base substitutions) recovered after
      undamaged F' DNA is transferred to UV-irradiated recipients. When the donor
      strain also is irradiated, in excess of 90% of the mutations detected following
      conjugation appear to be targeted. Photoreactivation of the UV-treated donors
      cells, prior to F' transfer to the SOS-induced recipient strain, demonstrated
      that in this experimental system virtually all recovered UV-induced mutations are
      targeted by photoreactivable lesions. We presume that these lesions are
      pyrimidine dimers because (6-4) photoproducts are not photoreactivable.

PMID- 6368315
TI  - [Dependence of Escherichia coli K-12 viability and mutability on the balance of
      DNA and protein syntheses. VI. Molecular mechanisms underlying the phenomena of
      imbalance death and metabolic mutagenesis].
AB  - In this report the results of further studies of the molecular mechanisms of the
      disbalance death and metabolic (disbalance) mutagenesis are presented. As
      reported previously, the relationship of viability and mutability of Escherichia
      coli cells from the extent disturbance of DNA-protein synthesis balance is
      determined by the processes of stabilization and repair of metabolic disbalance
      gaps in DNA strands. It is established that polB, recB, SSB gene products are
      involved in the processes of stabilization and repair of metabolic disbalance
      gaps.

PMID- 6368316
TI  - The control region of the F plasmid transfer operon: DNA sequence of the traJ and
      traY genes and characterisation of the traY leads to Z promoter.
AB  - The complete nucleotide sequence of the F plasmid transfer genes traJ and traY,
      together with the promoter-proximal region of the traA gene has been determined.
      The traJ reading frame has been confirmed by sequencing the traJ90 amber mutant
      allele. The predicted amino acid sequence of the TraJ protein shows that this
      outer-membrane protein lacks a signal sequence. The pattern of codon usage within
      the traJ gene is different from that of genes for abundant outer-membrane
      proteins and is closer to that of genes that are expressed at relatively low
      levels. We have located the traY leads to Z operon promoter by in vitro run-off
      transcription experiments and have developed in vivo assays for the activity of
      the promoter by fusing it to galactokinase and kanamycin-resistance genes.

PMID- 6368317
TI  - Molecular cloning and characterization of the RAD1 gene of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae.
AB  - We have cloned the RAD1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and physically mapped it
      to a 4.0-kb DNA fragment from chromosome XVI. The RAD1 gene determines a
      transcript of 3.1 kb, and the direction of transcription was found to be
      leftwards, from EcoRI towards Bg/II (Fig. 1). Deletions of the RAD1 gene were
      made and were found to have no effect on viability of vegetative cells or spores,
      or on sporulation.

PMID- 6368318
TI  - Structural organization of the genes that encode two glutamate synthase subunits
      of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Plasmid pRSP20, a recombinant plasmid isolated from the Clarke-Carbon Escherichia
      coli gene bank, contains the two genes coding for the subunits of glutamate
      synthase (GOGAT). We have constructed several derivatives of pRSP20, and analyzed
      the direction of transcription and genetic organization of these genes.
      Unexpectedly, we have found that although they are tightly linked and are
      transcribed in the same direction, each of them has its own promoter.

PMID- 6368319
TI  - Transformation by integration in Aspergillus nidulans.
AB  - DNA-mediated genetic transformation of Aspergillus nidulans has been achieved by
      incubating protoplasts from a strain of A. nidulans carrying a deletion in the
      acetamidase structural gene with DNA of derivatives of plasmid pBR322 containing
      the cloned structural gene for acetamidase [Hynes et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 3
      (1983) 1430-1439; p3SR2] in the presence of polyethylene glycol and CaCl2. The
      highest frequency obtained was 25 transformants per microgram of DNA. No
      enhancement of the transformation frequency was observed when DNAs of plasmids
      carrying either a fragment of the A. nidulans ribosomal repeat (p3SR2rr) or a
      fragment containing a possible A. nidulans mitochondrial origin of replication
      (p3SR2mo) in addition to the acetamidase gene were used. Both pBR322 and
      acetamidase gene sequences become integrated into the genome of A. nidulans in
      transformant strains. Integration events into the residual sequences adjacent to
      the deletion in the acetamidase gene, and probably (for p3SR2rr and p3SR2mo) into
      the ribosomal repeat unit are described.

PMID- 6368320
TI  - Hyperthermia as an anticancer modality--a historical perspective.

PMID- 6368321
TI  - Clinical experience with external local hyperthermia in treatment of superficial
      malignant tumors.

PMID- 6368323
TI  - [Sanitary-microbiological characteristics of coastal sea water in a health resort
      zone].

PMID- 6368322
TI  - [Chromato-atomic absorption determination of toxic metallo-organic compounds in
      health studies].

PMID- 6368324
TI  - [Prenatal endocrinology. III. Insulin in the amniotic fluid and blood serum of
      women in the 17th week of pregnancy].

PMID- 6368325
TI  - [Prenatal endocrinology. IV. Plasma level of luteinizing hormone releasing
      hormone (LHRH) in the first half of pregnancy].

PMID- 6368326
TI  - [Immunological aspects of infertility].

PMID- 6368327
TI  - [Methergoline in the treatment of prolactinemia in women].

PMID- 6368328
TI  - [Results of the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis with Gyno-Travogen].

PMID- 6368329
TI  - [Reconstructive surgery in mitral defects].

PMID- 6368330
TI  - The significance of peritoneal cytology in patients with carcinoma of the cervix.
AB  - Between 1972 and 1977, 141 patients with benign gynecologic disease and 149
      patients with carcinoma of the cervix were evaluated with peritoneal fluid
      cytology at time of celiotomy. There was no positive cytology (malignant cells)
      in the benign disease group. The overall incidence of positive peritoneal
      cytology in the cervical group was 8.1%. Positive peritoneal cytology was found
      four times more frequently in adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinomas than
      squamous carcinomas. The incidence in patients undergoing surgery for recurrent
      or persistent carcinoma after radiation therapy was 22.6% compared to 4.5% in
      those treated primarily with definitive surgery. The prognoses do not seem to be
      influenced by peritoneal cytology status when other poor prognostic factors were
      considered.

PMID- 6368331
TI  - Effective high-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow infusion in
      resistant ovarian cancer.
AB  - Two patients with persistent minimal ovarian cancer after conventional
      polychemotherapy were treated with high doses of cyclophosphamide and VP 16-213
      followed by autologous bone marrow infusion. Ten months afterward no clinical
      signs of tumor were apparent. In one patient the complete response was surgically
      documented. Toxicity included cardiac and pulmonary arrest during marrow infusion
      in one patient, but was otherwise manageable. This method of late intensification
      of chemotherapy in patients with persisting ovarian cancer merits further
      investigation.

PMID- 6368332
TI  - Metergoline in the management of normoprolactinemic secondary amenorrhea. A
      multicentric controlled trial.
AB  - In a multicentric study, the effect of the antiserotoninergic agent metergoline
      was evaluated in the management of patients with idiopathic normoprolactinemic
      secondary amenorrhea (NSA). The awareness that psychological factors might lead
      to a spontaneous reappearance of menses was also taken into account, and all the
      patients, after physical, gynecological and laboratory examinations, and the
      performance of the progesterone withdrawal bleeding test (100 mg i.m.) and the
      clomiphene citrate test (100 mg p.o./day for 5 days), were treated for 60 days
      with placebo; only patients showing no menses during placebo administration were
      later treated with metergoline. 108 patients entered the trial: of these, 48
      experienced menses on admission or during placebo administration, and were
      withdrawn. Of the 60 patients not responding to placebo, 50 were treated for 90
      days with metergoline (4 mg t.i.d.), and 23 had menses, ovulatory in 68.4% of
      cases. A new placebo treatment was accompanied, in the majority of cases, by
      recurrence of amenorrhea. These results indicate that many patients with NSA may
      experience a spontaneous disappearance of the disease: in cases more seriously
      affected metergoline might be a useful therapeutic agent.

PMID- 6368333
TI  - [Silver Russell syndrome].

PMID- 6368334
TI  - [Pancreas transplantation--new trends].

PMID- 6368335
TI  - [Tissue culture of human skin for grafting].

PMID- 6368336
TI  - [Clinical significance of anti-DNA antibodies].

PMID- 6368337
TI  - A new genus and species of adapid primate from the middle Eocene of Alsace, and a
      new genus for 'Adapis' ruetimeyeri Stehlin, 1912.
AB  - A new primate genus and species, represented by isolated teeth, is described from
      the middle Eocene Alsatian site of Bouxwiller. This new form is closely related
      to Egerkingen 'Adapis' ruetimeyeri, for which a new genus is proposed because of
      the important distinctions from type Adapis present in its dentition.
      Nonetheless, both new genera are closely related to Adapis and Leptadapis.

PMID- 6368338
TI  - New primate fossils from late Oligocene (Colhuehuapian) localities of Chubut
      Province, Argentina.
AB  - New primate fossils have been recovered from the late Oligocene (Colhuehuapian)
      localities of Gaiman and Sacanana in Patagonian Argentina. The new fossils are
      provisionally allocated to Dolichocebus gaimanensis and Tremacebus harringtoni,
      the only primates previously described from these localities. These new dental
      remains are more primitive than the teeth of any previously known platyrrhines,
      living or fossil, and conform extremely well with the hypothetical ancestral
      morphotype for New World monkeys suggested by several authors. They are also very
      similar to the teeth of Oligocene catarrhines from Egypt such as Aegyptopithecus
      zeuxis.

PMID- 6368339
TI  - Some methodological issues in the conduct of caffeine research.
AB  - The caffeine literature of the past 10 years shows the frequent recurrence of
      several weaknesses--the use of weak or erroneous hypotheses in experimental
      design, design flaws (e.g. the use of excessively high doses) that prevent the
      derivation of any meaningful implication for humans, the violation of ordinary
      rules of logic in extrapolating experimental results to human situations (e.g.
      the application of findings in naive animals to caffeine-tolerant human subjects)
      and the biased selection of literature citations to support a hypothesis and
      ignore opposing evidence. Workers who review the literature dispassionately, who
      use dosages relevant to human caffeine consumption when they wish to extrapolate
      from animal studies to man, who distinguish carefully between acute and chronic
      effects and who include proper controls in feeding studies to prevent confusion
      of the effects of dietary deprivation with the pharmacological effects should
      succeed in advancing our understanding of caffeine's effects in the human body.

PMID- 6368340
TI  - [New model of the endocrine regulation of the female menstrual cycle].
AB  - Recent studies have modified remarkably our concepts regarding the hormonal
      control of the human menstrual cycle. The previously accepted hypothesis was
      mainly based on rat experiments. It postulated a single integrated hypothalamic
      pituitary-ovarian feedback system directed by a "CNS clock". Primate
      investigations now suggest two interrelated, but separable functional elements,
      i.e. a hypothalamic-pituitary unit and a gonadal-pituitary unit. The continuous
      pulsatile, yet unvarying hypothalamic secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone
      (GnRH) facilitates a direct pituitary response to changing estrogen levels. Thus,
      GnRH plays only a permissive, albeit obligatory role, while an "ovarian clock"
      provides the critical signal for the cyclic surge of LH and FSH. "Physiological"
      substitution of exogenous GnRH may be used to treat gonadal dysfunction in women
      and men which is caused by pathologic changes of the amplitude and/or frequency
      of hypothalamic GnRH secretion. "Pharmacodynamic" administration of potent GnRH
      analogues promises to become an effective and safe method of contraception as
      well as a new approach in the treatment of endometrium and other estrogen
      dependent dysfunctions.

PMID- 6368341
TI  - [Negative serologic and microscopic studies in vivo do not exclude malaria.
      Autopsy report with positive Plasmodium falciparum culture].
AB  - A 31-year old man, who had just flown in from the tropics collapsed certainly.
      Brain trauma and alcohol withdrawal were excluded. After serological and
      microscopical malaria tests had been negative, subarachnoidal bleeding or
      encephalomeningitis were considered as possible. Although repeated malaria tests
      were negative, antimalarial therapy was begun on the 8th day of illness. The
      patient died the next day on respiratory difficulties. Cultures from blood and
      spleen taken three days after death showed malaria rings, and also trophozoites
      were found in the spleen and the bone marrow etc. The brain contained schizonts.
      Malaria infection from older corpses is possible. Negative malaria test results
      should not delay malaria treatment or exclude malaria diagnosis. Plasmodium
      culture should be taken whenever malaria is suggested. The possibility of malaria
      should always be considered. To decide in dubio pro reo in doubtful cases,
      particularly in forensic medicine.

PMID- 6368342
TI  - [Detection of a malignant abdominal lymphoma by urine cytology].
AB  - Urine cytology performed in a 64 year old man with pain in the left flank and
      hematuria revealed tumor cells suggesting a malignant lymphoma. Subsequent
      radiologic and operative findings showed a neoplasm in the left renal region
      involving intraabdominal and left inguinal lymph nodes. Biopsies from lymph nodes
      confirmed the presence of a malignant lymphoma probably of histiocytic type. The
      histologic classification of the tumor is discussed and the rarity of the finding
      of lymphoma cells in the urine is noted.

PMID- 6368344
TI  - FNS and the hospice movement. Part two. Caring when curing fails. "Hospice
      without Walls" - a practical approach.

PMID- 6368343
TI  - [100 years of military medicine. Medical experiences in war and peace].

PMID- 6368346
TI  - [Effect of cyclophosphamide on neuroblastoma and the bone marrow function in the
      experimental studies].
AB  - The potential difference in survival and antitumor effect due to different dosage
      schedules of cyclophosphamide (CPM) treatment was analyzed in A/J mice inoculated
      with mouse neuroblastoma C 1300 Cells, which closely resembles the human
      neuroblastoma in its capacity of cathecolamin secretion and in response to
      chemotherapy. 10(6) neuroblastoma cells were inoculated subcutaneously on the
      back, and when the tumor grow to 1.0-1.5 cm in diameter, treatment with CPM was
      started. Until the observation of death, tumor size, peripheral neutrophil number
      and CFU-C (colony-forming unit in culture) in bone marrow and spleen were
      measured periodically. In the first experiment, the anti-tumor effect of CPM in
      one dose ranged from 100 mg to 400 mg/kg was studied. The anti-tumor effect was
      closely correlated with the dose of CPM given intraperitoneally, however the
      survival of mice inoculated with higher dose of CPM (300 mg or 400 mg/kg) were
      significantly shorter than that of control, suggesting that these groups resulted
      in chemotherapy death. To learn exact anti-tumor effect of the higher doses, bone
      marrow rescue was performed in these groups received 300 mg or 400 mg/kg of CPM,
      in the second experiment. Infusion of 5-10(6) syngeneic bone marrow cells 12
      hours after the inoculation of CPM resulted in the prolongation of survival; mean
      survival of the group without bone marrow rescue was 5 days, and that with bone
      marrow rescue was 60 days. However this procedure was not a potentially curative
      treatment modality. In the third experiments the effect of intermittent
      inoculation of sublethal dose of CPM (200 mg/kg) was studied. Inoculation of the
      drug at the interval of 2 weeks resulted in the longest survival, and those at
      the shorter interval induced chemotherapy death. In the following experiment, 200
      mg/kg of CPM was given in 4 divided doses for 4 consecutive days at the interval
      of 2 weeks, and the anti-tumor effect was compared with that observed in the
      group received one single dose. There observed no significant difference in
      survival time between 2 groups, however the latter procedure (one single dose)
      was more effective for the control of tumor growth. Furthermore, hematological
      analyses revealed that the recovery of granulopoiesis was significantly earlier
      in the group with one single dose than that with 4 divided dose, which was
      confirmed by granulocyte count and CFU-C analysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 6368345
TI  - Comparative haemodynamic dose-response effects of intravenous propranolol,
      acebutolol and penbutolol in angina pectoris.
AB  - The relevance of the ancillary pharmacological properties of intrinsic
      sympathomimetic activity (ISA) and cardioselectivity to the haemodynamic profile
      following intravenous beta-blockade was examined in a randomised study of
      propranolol (16 mg), acebutolol (160 mg) or penbutolol (4 mg) in 30 patients with
      stable angina pectoris. Haemodynamic measurements were undertaken at rest and
      during four minutes steady-state supine bicycle exercise (25 to 50 W), load
      limited to the angina threshold, before and after each drug. The randomised
      groups were statistically similar for major haemodynamic and clinical variables.
      The plasma concentrations achieved for each drug were in the therapeutic range.
      At rest, propranolol resulted in greater reductions in resting cardiac output and
      greater increase in pulmonary artery occluded pressure compared with acebutolol
      and penbutolol. During the sympathetic stimulus of dynamic exercise, penbutolol
      resulted in less depression of exercise cardiac performance than either
      acebutolol or propranolol. These observations are compatible with previous
      studies which suggested that the possession of ISA by a beta-blocking drug offset
      the depression of cardiac performance following intravenous beta-blockade; the
      benefits of ISA on haemodynamic profile appeared maximum at rest and were reduced
      or abolished during dynamic exercise.

PMID- 6368347
TI  - Increased insulin secretion induced by sodium salicylate: effect of puromycin.

PMID- 6368348
TI  - Plasma gastrin levels during oral glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance
      test in acromegaly.

PMID- 6368349
TI  - Effects of metoprolol and propranolol on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion
      in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Twenty-two hypertensive diabetic patients were admitted to a double-blind, within
      patient study, and treated with propranolol 80 mg and metoprolol 100 mg twice
      daily for 4 weeks according to a cross-over design. Dosages of the two drugs such
      as to induce comparable cardiovascular effects, did not induce relevant changes
      of fasting blood glucose levels in patients receiving the oral hypoglycaemic
      agent glibenclamide (group 1), insulin (group 2) or diet alone (group 3). Glucose
      tolerance, assessed with a 75 g oral load, was however decreased by propranolol,
      and not by metoprolol in the glibenclamide-treated group. Glucose-induced insulin
      secretion was reduced by propranolol and not by metoprolol both in the group
      treated by diet alone and in the glibenclamide-treated group. It is concluded
      that cardioselective metoprolol seems to be more suitable than the non-selective
      propranolol in the treatment of arterial hypertension in diabetic subjects,
      particularly when sulfonylureas are being used as hypoglycaemic agents.

PMID- 6368350
TI  - Concentrated loss of insulin secretion in Wistar rats with normal glucose
      tolerance.
AB  - Rats with decreased insulin response and with normal glucose tolerance were
      concentrated by repeated selective breeding of normal Wistar rats with low
      insulinogenic index. In general, the mean insulinogenic index of the inbred
      offsprings showed a tendency to decrease more than their parents generation. Thus
      mean insulinogenic indices in second (F2), third (F3) and fourth (F4) generations
      were significantly reduced more than the normal rats without glucose intolerance.
      Pancreatic islets from the F3 and F4 rats lost partially their ability to release
      insulin at 20 mM glucose in vitro. It is suggested that a defect responsible for
      the decreased insulin response in the F2, F3 and F4 rats resulted from a loss of
      the ability to secrete insulin in each islet, and that this defect was
      concentrated by repeated selective breeding of normal Wistar rats.

PMID- 6368351
TI  - Inhibition of carbohydrate-induced hypertriglyceridemia by metformin.
AB  - The ability of metformin to prevent carbohydrate-induced hypertriglyceridemia was
      studied in fructose fed rats. The results indicated that plasma triglycerides
      were approximately 50% reduced in the drug treated rats and the reduction was
      associated with lowered very low density lipoprotein-triglyceride secretion rates
      and plasma insulin levels. Since the drug does not affect the fructose intestinal
      absorption, it did not prevent normal rate of weight gain. These results provide
      further evidence for the existence of a causal relationship between plasma TG
      concentration and plasma insulin concentration; metformin is able to modify both
      these variables likely affecting primarily the ambient insulin level.

PMID- 6368352
TI  - Why does experimental insulin deficiency lead to a decrease in removal of very
      low density-triglyceride from plasma?
AB  - We have previously suggested that mechanisms other than reduced lipoprotein
      lipase (LPL) activity might contribute to the defect in plasma removal of very
      low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triglyceride (TG) observed in insulin-deficient
      rats. To further evaluate this phenomenon, removal rates of TG in nonfractionated
      plasma, as well as in isolated lipoprotein fractions obtained from insulin
      deficient and control rats, were compared in a new, sensitive in vivo bioassay
      system (estradiol-treated male rats with a consistently low endogenous VLDL-TG
      pool). Removal of TG in nonfractionated plasma from insulin-deficient rats was
      slower than that of control rats: 3.0 +/- 0.3 vs 1.6 +/- 0.2 min (P less than
      0.001). No difference was found in removal rate of isolated VLDL-TG (2.5 +/- 0.3
      vs 2.6 +/- 0.4 min), or in removal rates of TG carried in other lipoprotein
      fractions. We next determined the effect of injection into normal rats of
      aliquots of dialyzed lipoprotein-free (D greater than 1.215) plasma from insulin
      deficient and control rats on the removal rate of normal VLDL-TG, and found that
      lipoprotein-free plasma from insulin-deficient rats significantly (P less than
      0.01) prolonged removal of normal VLDL-TG (4.3 +/- 0.4 to 6.8 +/- 0.7 min). This
      same fraction did not interfere with the in vitro hydrolysis of normal VLDL-TG by
      post-heparin LPL. Thus, a factor in the D greater than 1.215 plasma fraction of
      insulin-deficient rats is present which interferes with the rate of removal of TG
      from plasma, unrelated to inhibition of LPL activity.

PMID- 6368353
TI  - Metabolic control in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic children. Effect of
      continuous subcutaneous infusion.
AB  - 15 insulin-dependent diabetic children at onset were randomly allocated to one of
      two different therapeutical protocols: continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
      (CSII) and intensified conventional insulin treatment with three daily insulin
      injections (CIT). Both treatments were performed for 10 days; the initial insulin
      dose was 1.5 U/kg/day and thereafter the insulin dosage was modified in order to
      obtain a satisfactory control. Near-normal blood glucose levels were obtained
      after 24 h in the CSII group, and after 3 days in the CIT group. All subjects
      underwent 1 year of follow-up. HbA1 levels and insulin requirements decreased
      similarly in the two groups; C-peptide secretion did not increase significantly
      in both groups. A clear advantage of CSII cannot be assumed, and the usefulness
      of this therapeutical approach needs to be confirmed by further investigations.

PMID- 6368354
TI  - Renal kallikrein excretion in cirrhotics with ascites: relationship to renal
      hemodynamics.
AB  - To investigate if the renal kallikrein-kinin system may be involved in the
      homeostasis of renal perfusion in cirrhosis, urinary kallikrein activity was
      measured in 11 normal subjects, 31 cirrhotics with ascites and preserved renal
      plasma flow (548.2 +/- 32.2 ml per min) and glomerular filtration rate (85.8 +/-
      3.4 ml per min), and 18 cirrhotics with functional renal failure (renal plasma
      flow: 229.9 +/- 23.4 ml per min; glomerular filtration rate: 34.9 +/- 3.3 ml per
      min). Plasma renin activity, plasma norepinephrine concentration and the urinary
      excretion of prostaglandin E2 were also measured in these subjects. Cirrhotics
      without renal failure showed a significantly higher renin (4.9 +/- 1.1 ng per ml
      per hr), norepinephrine (458.2 +/- 50.4 pg per ml), urinary kallikrein (15.4 +/-
      1.8 pkat per min) and urinary prostaglandin E2 (0.52 +/- 0.08 ng per min) than
      did normal subjects (1.08 +/- 0.1 ng per ml per hr, 218.1 +/- 18.2 pg per ml; 8.4
      +/- 1.4 pkat per min and 0.24 +/- 0.02 ng per min, respectively). Cirrhotics with
      renal failure showed a significantly higher renin (16.1 +/- 3.4 ng per ml per hr)
      and norepinephrine (739.4 +/- 79.2 pg per ml), and a significantly lower urinary
      kallikrein (5.2 +/- 0.6 pkat per min) and urinary prostaglandin E2 (0.15 +/- 0.02
      ng per min) than did normal subjects and cirrhotics without renal failure.
      Glomerular filtration rate correlated (p less than 0.001) with urinary kallikrein
      (r = 0.53), urinary prostaglandin E2 (r = 0.55), plasma renin (r = -0.41) and
      norepinephrine (r = -0.44).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6368355
TI  - (+)-Cyanidanol-3 in the treatment of acute viral hepatitis: a randomized
      controlled trial.
AB  - One-hundred sixty patients (81 cyanidanol, 79 placebo) were included in a double
      blind placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the effect of 3 gm (+)
      cyanidanol-3 per day for 8 weeks on the clinical course of acute viral hepatitis
      and HBsAg elimination. Quantitative determination of HBsAg was performed at
      frequent intervals. The mean time for serum bilirubin to decrease to 1.3 mg per
      dl was 30.8 +/- 3.5 days in the treated group and 52.2 +/- 9.8 days in the
      control group, (p less than 0.025). The time for SGOT to decrease to 100 IU per
      liter was 17.98 +/- 1.82 in the treated group and 26.53 +/- 3.7 in the control
      group (p less than 0.025). No significant difference in the evolution of other
      laboratory values or symptoms was found. The elimination rate of HBsAg was
      identical in both groups. Treatment did not alter the incidence of chronicity.

PMID- 6368356
TI  - An immunohistological study of the cellular constituents of Hodgkin's disease
      using a monoclonal antibody panel.
AB  - Cryostat sections of lymphoid tissue from 44 cases of Hodgkin's disease were
      analysed by immunoperoxidase staining using a panel of monoclonal antibodies
      which included reagents reactive with T cells and their subsets, B cells, HLA-DR,
      Ig, dendritic reticulum cells and C3b receptor. A wide spectrum of
      immunohistological patterns was observed ranging from cases in which T cells were
      numerous (B cells being absent or present in only small numbers) to cases in
      which very prominent B cell follicles were present. These follicles contained a
      meshwork of dendritic reticulum cells and were composed of polyclonal B cells (as
      assessed by light chain expression). T cells were present in small numbers within
      these B cell follicles, often clustered in a thin rim around individual Reed
      Sternberg and Hodgkin's cells. All B cell-rich cases were examples of lymphocyte
      predominant Hodgkin's disease. Assessment of the T cell helper/suppressor ratios
      was hindered by the fact that both anti-helper antibodies (OKT4 and anti-Leu 3a)
      reacted with macrophages. However the majority of cases appeared to contain a
      normal excess of T helper cells. HLA-DR was strongly expressed in T cell rich
      areas, on Reed-Sternberg and Hodgkin's cells, on vascular endothelium and on
      numerous infiltrating cells in the fibrous tissue areas in cases of nodular
      sclerosing disease. Reed-Sternberg and Hodgkin's cells were not labelled by
      either anti-fibronectin or by antibodies reactive with dendritic reticulum cells
      (anti-C3b receptor and antibody R4/23).

PMID- 6368357
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of the delta antigen associated with hepatitis B
      virus in liver biopsy sections embedded in Araldite.
AB  - Immunohistochemical localization of the delta antigen in the nuclei of the liver
      tissue embedded in Araldite was successfully carried out by an indirect
      immunoperoxidase technique. Deplasticization, using sodium ethoxide solution, was
      required prior to application of immunochemical reagents. The specificity of the
      staining was confirmed by the abolition of positive staining after absorption of
      the antibody with the delta antigen.

PMID- 6368358
TI  - State Medicaid limitations for mental health services.

PMID- 6368359
TI  - An overview of the classification, causes, and treatment of headache.
AB  - Headache has been documented as the reason for approximately 18 million office
      visits per year in the United States, and may be the most prevalent central
      nervous system condition for which patients consult doctors. The author presents
      an overview of the literature on classification, causes, and treatment of
      headache, including uncertainties about diagnostic criteria for migraine and
      about differentiation of migraine from muscle contraction headache. He discusses
      treatment of headache in relation to management of the acute attack, avoidance of
      trigger factors, and pharmacological and nonpharmacological prophylaxis.

PMID- 6368360
TI  - Planning for specialized mental health services.

PMID- 6368361
TI  - The formatting of alphanumeric displays: a review and analysis.

PMID- 6368362
TI  - Seat comfort: a review of the construct in the office environment.

PMID- 6368364
TI  - Enumeration of microorganisms by their dynamic ac conductance patterns.

PMID- 6368363
TI  - A literature review of vibrational analysis of human limbs.

PMID- 6368366
TI  - The National Library of Medicine's bibliographic databases: tools for nursing
      research.

PMID- 6368365
TI  - Dental care during the Civil War.

PMID- 6368367
TI  - A Delphi application health care, practice, education and education
      administration; circa 1992.

PMID- 6368368
TI  - Meta-analysis: a perspective for research synthesis.

PMID- 6368370
TI  - Characteristics of amino acid transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells: Part I
      -By using respiratory sufficient (rho+) & respiratory deficient (rho) mutants.

PMID- 6368369
TI  - Growth of preadipocyte cell lines and cell strains from rodents in serum-free
      hormone-supplemented medium.
AB  - Ob17 is a clonal cell line isolated from the epididymal fat pad of C57 BL/6J
      ob/ob mouse that differentiates into adiposelike cells in serum-supplemented
      medium. In serum-free medium, this cell line shows increased growth under the
      addition of insulin, transferrin, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and a factor
      present in extract of rat submaxillary gland (SMGE). This medium is referred to
      as 4F. Epidermal growth factor or nerve growth factor cannot replace SMGE,
      whereas partially purified platelet extract can substitute for FGF but only
      partially for SMGE. 4F Medium is able to support the proliferation of cells from
      other established preadipocyte clonal lines, HGFu and 3T3-F442A, and also of
      preadipocyte cells isolated from the stromal-vascular fraction of rat and mouse
      adipose tissues. In each case 4F medium is insufficient to support the
      differentiation of these cells into adipocytes. Ob17 cells grown and maintained
      in serum-free hormone-supplemented medium retain the ability to convert to
      adiposelike cells after serum addition. This serum requirement for
      differentiation cannot be substituted by the addition of growth hormone or of
      other putative adipogenic factors, or both. The results are discussed with
      respect to the requirements for growth and differentiation of the 3T3-L1 and 1246
      preadipocyte cell lines previously described.

PMID- 6368371
TI  - Anaphylactic release of mucosal mast cell protease and its relationship to gut
      permeability in Nippostrongylus-primed rats.
AB  - The systemic secretion of rat mucosal mast cell protease (RMCPII) was examined in
      Nippostrongylus-primed rats injected intravenously with N. brasiliensis whole
      worm antigen. The secretory response in primed rats was both time- and dose
      dependent whereas no RMCPII was present in the sera of naive rats challenged with
      antigen. RMCPII was detected in the sol and gel phases of intestinal perfusates,
      the release of enzyme into the gut lumen occurring very rapidly after challenge
      in immune rats. Mucosal permeability, assessed by measuring the passage of Evan's
      blue from the blood into the gut lumen was both time- and dose-dependent and
      reflected the combined capillary and epithelial permeability. Although the
      release of RMCPII into the gut lumen occurred more rapidly than the intraluminal
      accumulation of Evan's blue, these two events were highly correlated. There were,
      in addition significant correlations between the systemic and enteric secretion
      of RMCPII and the enteric accumulation of Evan's blue. These results indicate
      that RMCPII may have a role in altering intestinal mucosal permeability during
      systemic anaphylaxis in the rat.

PMID- 6368372
TI  - Biological activity of Pityrosporum. I. Enhancement of resistance in mice
      stimulated by Pityrosporum against Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - The effect of administration with Pityrosporum (P. orbiculare, P. ovale, P.
      pachydermatis and Pityrosporum sp.) on susceptibility of mice to Salmonella
      typhimurium infection was studied. Pretreatment of mice with 50 mg (wet weight)
      of killed Pityrosporum 4 days prior to the intraperitoneal (i.p.) challenge of 4
      X 10(5) (10 LD50) S. typhimurium elicited resistance comparable to that induced
      by 500 micrograms (dry weight) of killed Propionibacterium acnes and over 30% of
      the infected mice survived. Among the species tested, P. pachydermatis was
      slightly less effective. The challenged organisms were not detected from the
      blood of mice treated with Pityrosporum but were present in the liver and spleen
      in approximately level amounts (10(4)-10(5)/organ) during the course of testing.
      These results suggest that the increased resistance in mice is the result of
      stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system by Pityrosporum.

PMID- 6368373
TI  - T cell proliferation in Mycobacterium lepraemurium infection. II.
      Characterization of cells that transfer resistance in subcutaneously infected
      mice.
AB  - T lymphocyte proliferation, Lyt phenotypes and their role in the evolution of
      protective immunity were studied in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice infected
      subcutaneously with Mycobacterium lepraemurium. Antigen-induced proliferation was
      not demonstrable with T-enriched cells obtained from the spleens. However, these
      cells were capable of spontaneously proliferating in the absence of added antigen
      for a limited period. This proliferation was dependent on the presence of a
      phagocytic and adherent accessory cell. During the period when the T cells
      proliferated spontaneously they consisted of a mixture of Lyt-1 and Lyt-23 and
      were able to transfer protection to syngeneic recipient mice. Furthermore, the
      multiplication of the organisms was curbed during the same period demonstrating a
      strong association between the ability to proliferate spontaneously Lyt-1/Lyt-23
      cells and protective immunity. T cells from normal BALB/c mice showed a marked
      suppressive effect on protection suggesting that these cells may be responsible
      for the susceptibility of this strain to a moderate subcutaneous infection.

PMID- 6368375
TI  - [Acid elution method in dermatoses with suspected autoimmune pathogenesis. III.
      Acid elution on damaged skin of patients with lichen planus].

PMID- 6368374
TI  - [Clinical verification of the use of topical hyaluronic acid under non-adhesive
      gauze in the therapy of torpid ulcers].

PMID- 6368376
TI  - [Diagnosis of gonococcal infections with the immunoenzyme and direct
      immunofluorescence methods].

PMID- 6368377
TI  - Nutritional aspects in pediatric dermatology.

PMID- 6368379
TI  - Evaluation of IHA test using Plasmodium falciparum from in vitro culture & its
      comparison with IIF & ELISA.

PMID- 6368378
TI  - Male-specific transplantation antigen expression by XY teratocarcinomas PCC7 and
      7'.
AB  - Male-specific antigen expression by XY teratocarcinomas PCC7 and 7' is
      demonstrated first by the rejection of tumors by female but not by male mice
      following challenge with these cell lines. Male-specific antigen expression is
      confirmed by an indirect method in which females are immunized against H-Y
      antigen by male skin grafts. A variant of PCC7 lacking male-specific antigen
      expression is described. Analysis of the karyotype and of the DNA from this
      variant indicate that the loss of male-specific antigen expression is a result of
      the loss of the Y chromosome. The ability to recover variants that have lost
      expression of male-specific antigen opens the possibility of their selection
      after mutagenesis.

PMID- 6368380
TI  - Some clinical aspects of bancroftian filariasis in East Godavari district, Andhra
      Pradesh.

PMID- 6368381
TI  - Serum C-peptide levels in young ketosis-resistant diabetics.

PMID- 6368382
TI  - A review of the new strategy of malaria control by chemotherapy in the National
      Malaria Eradication Programme.

PMID- 6368384
TI  - Advances in the diagnosis of tuberculosis.

PMID- 6368385
TI  - Clinical evaluation of non-steroid topical anti-inflammatory agents.

PMID- 6368383
TI  - Giardiasis.

PMID- 6368386
TI  - Post-keratoplasty non-formation of anterior chamber.

PMID- 6368387
TI  - Patch graft for corneal perforations.

PMID- 6368388
TI  - [The euglycemic insulin and hyperglycemic clamp technic. Methods for the
      determination of insulin sensitivity of tissues and glucose sensitivity of the B
      cell. A review].
AB  - The estimation of insulin-dependent glucose metabolism and endogenous insulin
      secretion in man by means of the euglycaemic insulin clamp- and hyperglycaemic
      clamp-technique is described. In the euglycaemic insulin clamp study plasma
      insulin concentration is acutely raised by approximately 100 microU/ml by a
      primed-continuous insulin infusion, while plasma glucose is maintained at the
      fasting level by means of a variable glucose infusion. Under these conditions of
      euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemia the amount of glucose infused plus the residual
      endogenous glucose release equals the amount of glucose taken up by all cells of
      the body. This rate of glucose metabolism ("M") thus represents an index of
      tissue sensitivity to exogenous insulin. In the hyperglycaemic clamp study plasma
      glucose is acutely raised by 125 mg/dl above basal. The amount of glucose infused
      to maintain hyperglycaemia too serves as a measure of tissue sensitivity to
      endogenous insulin. In addition, glucose-induced insulin secretion can be
      estimated on the basis of the plasma insulin response provided that insulin
      extraction by the liver remains constant.

PMID- 6368389
TI  - Enumeration of Treponema pallidum cells cultivated in vitro by an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to enumerate Treponema
      pallidum cells. The assay could detect from 2 X 10(7) to 4 X 10(8) treponemes per
      ml. Reactive rabbit serum and goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G (peroxidase
      conjugate) were used in the assay. Optimum results were obtained when 2,2'-azino
      di(ethylbenzthiazolinesulfonic acid) was used as the dye for the enzyme reaction
      and the reactions were allowed to run for 45 min. Interestingly, assays in which
      in vivo-cultivated T. pallidum was used produced lower absorbance values than
      those in which T. pallidum was cultivated in vitro.

PMID- 6368390
TI  - Murine malaria: immune complexes inhibit Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis.
AB  - Immune complexes have been partially purified from the serum of Plasmodium
      berghei-infected mice by ultracentrifugation on 10 to 40% linear sucrose
      gradients, by precipitation with polyethylene glycol, and by gel filtration
      through Sephacryl S-300. The complexes contain gamma 1, gamma 2a, gamma 2b, and
      gamma 3 subclasses of mouse immunoglobulin G in differing amounts, as well as
      malarial antigen. Complexes isolated by all three methods inhibit Fc receptor
      mediated phagocytosis by normal mouse peritoneal macrophages but do not inhibit
      attachment to the Fc receptor or to the C3 receptor or the ingestion of latex
      particles. The phagocytosis-inhibiting activity of the immune complexes can be
      partially removed by prior incubation with protein A-Sepharose CL-4B. Splenic
      macrophages, isolated from P. berghei-infected mice, may be already coated with
      immune complexes in vivo. Attachment of mouse erythrocytes sensitized with
      immunoglobulin G to these macrophages is greatly enhanced during malaria, but
      ingestion is not. These results suggest that immune complexes modulate the immune
      response to malaria by inhibiting immune phagocytosis and perhaps by interfering
      with other effector mechanisms. Further understanding of the influence of immune
      complexes and the antigens involved in these complexes may be useful in vaccine
      development and prophylaxis.

PMID- 6368391
TI  - Virulent and nonvirulent forms of Plasmodium yoelii are not restricted to growth
      within a single erythrocyte type.
AB  - The present studies were designed to investigate whether the erythrocyte
      preferences displayed by both virulent and nonvirulent forms of Plasmodium yoelii
      were fastidious growth requirements of these parasites. When inoculated into mice
      depleted of reticulocytes by lethal irradiation (900 rad), virulent parasites,
      which have been reported to grow predominantly in mature erythrocytes, gave rise
      to high parasitemias which were equivalent to those seen in unirradiated, normal
      mice. In addition, virulent parasites serially passaged in lethally irradiated
      mice showed properties of enhanced virulence upon inoculation back into normal
      mice. When inoculated into lethally irradiated mice, nonvirulent P. yoelii, which
      were reported to preferentially invade reticulocytes, invaded mature
      erythrocytes, and the infection progressed at a higher level of parasitemia than
      in unirradiated, normal mice. The inoculation of virulent parasites into mice
      made reticulocytemic by pretreatment with phenylhydrazine produced infections
      marked by the invasion of reticulocytes rather than mature erythrocytes, yet
      these infections remained lethal for the murine host. When nonvirulent parasites
      were inoculated into reticulocytemic mice, lethal infections resulted in which
      the parasites predominantly invaded reticulocytes. These results indicate that
      both the virulent and nonvirulent forms of P. yoelii possess the ability to
      invade and proliferate within more than one erythrocyte type and that their
      apparent erythrocyte preferences are not strict growth requirements.

PMID- 6368392
TI  - Stimulation of cell-mediated immunity by bestatin correlates with reduction of
      bacterial persistence in experimental chronic Salmonella typhimurium infection.
AB  - The effect of bestatin, a low-molecular-weight immunomodulating drug isolated
      from Streptomyces olivoreticuli, on Salmonella typhimurium infection was
      elaborated. Bestatin enhanced the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction against
      S. typhimurium in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Parallel to the activation
      of delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, bestatin reduced the amount of
      persistent bacteria in livers and spleens as well as the amount of necrotic foci
      found in these organs. This was shown when bestatin was given either
      prophylactically or therapeutically. The therapeutic effect of bestatin was even
      seen when the drug was given in the chronic phase of the infection, i.e., 6 days
      after inoculation of the animals with the infectious agent. No influence of
      bestatin, however, could be observed on the initial multiplication rate of S.
      typhimurium and concomitantly on the initial mortality rate of the infected mice.
      As bestatin has no direct antibiotic effect on S. typhimurium, it must be
      concluded that the therapeutic effects of the drug on chronic infection must be
      solely contributed to elevation of the host's own defense mechanisms.

PMID- 6368393
TI  - Degradation of human immunoglobulins by proteases from Streptococcus pneumoniae
      obtained from various human sources.
AB  - The ability of Streptococcus pneumoniae to degrade human secretory immunoglobulin
      A (S-IgA), IgG, and IgM was tested in 102 strains by use of the thin-layer enzyme
      assay cultivation technique. The strains were isolated from patients with acute
      phases of otitis media, meningitis, and pneumonia as well as from symptomless
      carriers. An ability to degrade S-IgA, IgG, and IgM was revealed in 50, 84, and
      96 strains, respectively. An IgG- and IgM-degrading ability of S. pneumoniae has
      not previously been reported. A concurrent degradation of the three
      immunoglobulins was revealed in 38 strains; degradation of two of them was
      revealed in 54 strains, and degradation of only one of them was revealed in 9
      strains. One strain failed to degrade any of the immunoglobulins. Correlations
      were not found between the ability of the S. pneumoniae strains to degrade S-IgA,
      IgG, or IgM and the serotype affiliation or between the ability to degrade IgG or
      IgM and the origin of strains. However, the ability to degrade S-IgA was evident
      more often in strains isolated from symptomless carriers and from bronchial
      secretions of patients with acute pneumonia than it was in strains from patients
      with acute meningitis or acute otitis media or from the blood of patients with
      acute pneumonia. These latter findings may indicate a biological significance of
      S-IgA-degrading ability in bacterial colonization of mucosal surfaces.

PMID- 6368394
TI  - Immunogenic proteins in cell-free culture supernatants of Haemophilus influenzae
      type b.
AB  - Cell-free culture supernatant (CFCS) prepared from Haemophilus influenzae type b
      (Hib) was examined for the presence of soluble Hib proteins. Two proteins with
      apparent molecular weights of 100,000 (100K) and 116K were predominant in the
      CFCS, and antibodies directed against these proteins could be detected by
      radioimmunoprecipitation or Western blot analyses of serum from adult rats
      immunized with Hib. Radioimmunoprecipitation analyses and sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of these two proteins demonstrated that the
      100K CFCS protein was also present on the cell surface of Hib, whereas the 116K
      CFCS protein was only detectable in culture supernatants. Both the 100K and 116K
      CFCS proteins were immunogenic in human infants with Hib meningitis and in infant
      rats systemically infected with Hib. In addition, the first detectable antibodies
      produced in these Hib-infected rats against Hib proteins were specific for the
      100K protein in both its CFCS and cell-associated forms. These two CFCS proteins
      were also immunogenic in rats immunized with CFCS in the absence of Hib
      infection. Monoclonal antibody directed against the 100K protein reacted with 34
      of 55 Hib strains examined by using a colony blot radioimmunoassay. The
      immunogenicity of the 100K and 116K CFCS proteins suggests that one or both of
      these proteins may have potential for vaccine development, either by themselves
      or covalently coupled to Hib capsular polysaccharide.

PMID- 6368396
TI  - The prognostic value of the antibiogram.

PMID- 6368395
TI  - Toxic interactions of benzyl alcohol with bacterial endotoxin.
AB  - Acute toxic interactions of intravenously administered benzyl alcohol and
      Escherichia coli O55:B5 (Boivin preparation) endotoxin were examined in rodents.
      Lethality studies in male CD-1 mice demonstrated that these agents were more
      toxic when administered in combination than when either was administered alone.
      Prophylactic treatment with diazepam (5 mg/kg intraperitoneally) protected
      against lethality induced by either the combination or the endotoxin yet offered
      little, if any, protection against the lethal effects of benzyl alcohol. Similar
      treatments with naloxone (5 mg/kg intraperitoneally) failed to protect against
      either endotoxin-induced or benzyl alcohol-induced lethality, but they
      significantly protected against the lethal effects of the combination. Although
      hexobarbital-induced sleeping time was prolonged in endotoxin-treated mice (but
      was normal in benzyl alcohol-treated mice), a more protracted effect on sleeping
      time was observed in mice treated with both benzyl alcohol and endotoxin.
      Moreover, male Wistar rats treated with benzyl alcohol (40 mg) showed no evidence
      of hepatic lesions, but rats treated in combination with sublethal doses of the
      alcohol (40 mg) and the endotoxin (0.4 mg) developed hepatic lesions which were
      severe than those observed in rats treated with endotoxin (0.4 mg) alone. A
      correlation between altered blood chemistry values and severity of hepatic
      lesions was demonstrated. These data show in vivo toxic interactions between
      benzyl alcohol and bacterial endotoxin. In addition, our results indicate that
      the toxic effects induced by the benzyl alcohol-endotoxin combination are due to
      an enhancement of the lethal properties of bacterial endotoxin.

PMID- 6368397
TI  - Which number of infecting bacteria is of clinical relevance?
AB  - The infective dose is the number of microorganisms required to produce infection
      in man. This value varies according to the mode of transmission, the virulence of
      the infecting agent and the host defense. The individual infective dose bears
      important implications with regard to epidemiology, prevention and therapy of the
      given infection. Theoretical remarks and relevant data from the literature are
      presented to help in the assessment of this basic problem in bacterial infectious
      diseases.

PMID- 6368398
TI  - The bactericidal activity in serum and its prognostic clinical value.
AB  - The determination of the bactericidal activity in serum also gives valuable
      information on the bacteria, the host and the antibiotics. Clinical studies have
      proven its value, especially in predicting the outcome of septicemia and other
      infections. Thus, the bactericidal activity in serum is a useful tool for
      monitoring therapy. It can also be used as an investigational means for comparing
      the respective efficacy of antibiotics administered alone or in combination.

PMID- 6368399
TI  - Defective phagocyte Aspergillus killing associated with recurrent pulmonary
      Aspergillus infections.
AB  - An apparently healthy boy was suffering from recurrent Aspergillus infections. No
      classical conditions of immunodeficiency were found. Studies on the patient's
      phagocytic system revealed neutrophils and monocytes to function normally except
      in Aspergillus killing (microbicidal activity for bacteria and Candida was
      normal). Aspergillus killing mechanisms may be complex and peculiarly selective,
      possibly involving both oxygen-dependent and independent mechanisms.

PMID- 6368401
TI  - [Organization and functioning of a bone-marrow graft unit].

PMID- 6368400
TI  - The significance of the HBeAg/anti-HBe system in hemodialysis patients. A
      multicenter study.
AB  - The HBeAg/anti-HBe system was studied as a marker of infectivity and chronic
      progressive liver disease in 460 hemodialysis patients. The importance of HBeAg
      as an index of infectivity was confirmed in that it was present simultaneously
      with specific DNA polymerase (31 patients) and by the presence of widely diffuse
      core particles in the hepatocyte nuclei (revealed by biopsy in six patients). In
      contrast, HBeAg showed no useful correlation with progressive liver disease, the
      absence of which was confirmed in all cases by biochemical and histological
      studies.

PMID- 6368404
TI  - Recent knowledge gained from long-term observations in the field of
      prosthodontics.
AB  - Both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have contributed data which provide
      a scientific basis to the prediction of outcome in prosthodontic treatment.
      'Standard' cases have a more favourable and more predictable prognosis than those
      in which tooth loss is scattered about the mouth. However, the variability of
      patients' problems and the wide range of their abilities to adapt to denture
      wearing and the regular maintenance of their oral tissues significantly influence
      outcome. Long term success with partial prostheses lies in the time scale of 5-10
      years. A prerequisite for this is a standard of oral hygiene better than
      practised before the loss of the dentition. Adverse factors are inadequate
      diagnosis and treatment planning, undetected errors in denture construction,
      failure of materials, thermal and abrasive effects of foods, behavioural changes
      in the patient and ageing. In planning the restoration of abutment teeth by
      inlays or crowns their suitability for attachments must be considered. As yet,
      there are no clear guidelines to determine when fixed or removable prostheses
      should be used. The design of partial dentures should be as simple as possible;
      they should be stable, easy to clean and, if required, easily modified. Success
      is most likely to attend the efforts of those dentists who use techniques with
      which they and their technicians are thoroughly familiar.

PMID- 6368403
TI  - A tooth substance saving restorative technique.
AB  - The basic concept behind the Black system in the restoration of teeth is a
      mechanical one. It aims at the retention of restorations by perfect contact with,
      and the grip of, resilient sound dentinal cavity walls. This necessitates the
      cutting of sound dentin which is sometimes accompanied by pain and pulpal
      irritation. For the complete removal of infected carious dentin the conventional
      technique has depended upon the operator's perception of discoloured dentin and
      its changed hardness. It has been shown that carious dentin consists of two
      layers. Namely, a superficial layer which is infected, not remineralizable and
      necrotic, whereas the deeper layer is uninfected, remineralizable and vital. The
      first step in the tooth substance saving restorative technique is to use a dye to
      differentiate between the two layers. Pain on caries removal is virtually
      eliminated by the selective removal of the stained and necrotic superficial layer
      while assuring complete removal of all infected dentin. The second step is to use
      chemically adhesive composite resins which have been developed for both anterior
      and posterior use. They adhere to enamel and sound dentin and also to the deeper
      layer of carious dentin. Cutting painful tissue so as to provide the retention
      form of the classical technique is not required, nor is amalgam as a restorative
      material in operative dentistry.

PMID- 6368405
TI  - Effect of high- and low-speed burs used for partial pulpotomy in monkey teeth.

PMID- 6368402
TI  - Occupational musculoskeletal stress and disorders of the neck and shoulder: a
      review of possible pathophysiology.
AB  - Disorders and complaints in the neck and shoulder regions are common among
      industrial workers and are often attributed to occupational musculoskeletal
      stress. The possible pathophysiological mechanism of occupational stress on the
      neck and shoulders is reviewed. A mechanical origin for cervical disc
      degeneration and osteoarthrosis is reported for a few occupational groups.
      However, a mechanical origin for osteoarthrosis is debatable. A work posture
      involving elevated arms may accelerate degeneration of shoulder tendons through
      impairment of circulation due to static tension and humeral compression against
      the coracoacromial arch. Furthermore, work tasks with repetitive arm movements
      may evoke shoulder tendinitis or tendo-vaginitis, probably due to friction. Three
      possible routes to neck-shoulder muscular pain are discussed; mechanical failure,
      local ischemia and energy metabolism disturbance.

PMID- 6368406
TI  - Immunoglobulin E in extracts of feces from children.
AB  - Immunoglobulin E (IgE) was demonstrated by a double antibody radioimmunoassay
      technique (PRIST) in 5 of 17 unconcentrated fecal extracts from children. Four of
      the PRIST-positive extracts also had measurable levels of IgE determined by an
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent test (Enzygnost IgE). However, using a competitive
      antibody radioimmunoassay technique (RIST), IgE was found in all unconcentrated
      fecal extracts. The RIST-IgE levels of the extracts were higher and did not
      correlate to IgE measured by the other methods, nor to the IgE in serum from the
      same children or to the manifestation of allergy. On the other hand, 4 of the 5
      children with measurable PRIST-IgE levels, and 3 of the 4 children with
      detectable Enzygnost IgE concentrations in the extracts, had elevated serum IgE
      as well as a history of allergy. Gel filtration studies indicated that IgE
      determined by the PRIST and Enzygnost IgE methods had been degraded to fragments
      of lower molecular weight than that of albumin. This study also suggests that the
      IgE in feces measured by the RIST method is overestimated due to the influence
      from nonspecific substances of high molecular weight.

PMID- 6368407
TI  - Age identification in the elderly: some theoretical considerations.
AB  - Gerontologists have long noted the discrepancy between chronological age and
      person's perception of age. Labeling theory suggests that older people who "feel
      young" are denying their age because of the stigma attached to the label "old."
      When the empirical literature is reviewed, however, there is little actual
      evidence to support this notion. More apparent are the data that suggest "younger
      age feeling" represents various dimensions of physical, psychological, and social
      well-being. Gerontologists would do well to reconsider their earlier notions of
      age identification and construct a new model based upon the subjective expression
      of wellness in later years.

PMID- 6368408
TI  - Single injection techniques in determining age-related changes in porcine renal
      function.
AB  - Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) were
      determined in 32 anaesthetised female Large pigs, aged 4-24 months, from the
      plasma disappearance curves of [99mTc]DTPA and [131I]hippuran respectively.
      Clearance was also monitored by external counting over the heart. GFR and ERPF
      increased markedly with age in pigs up to 12 months old, reaching mean values of
      242.06 +/- 5.89 and 919.39 +/- 79.01 mL/min. In pigs aged 12-24 months ERPF
      increased slightly, but renal function remained essentially unchanged after 1 yr
      of age. These results for renal function were similar to previous estimates,
      using continuous infusion techniques inferring that GFR and ERPF could be
      accurately monitored using single injection procedures.

PMID- 6368409
TI  - Binding of murine immunoglobulin to human tissues after immunotherapy with
      anticolorectal carcinoma monoclonal antibody.
AB  - An anticolorectal carcinoma antibody, 17-IA, that is of gamma 2a isotype and has
      been used in previous immunotherapy trials, binds to an antigen on most human
      colon tumors. This antigen is destroyed by the fixative and embedding procedures
      employed for routine histologic evaluation of tissues. It can be demonstrated by
      the avidin/biotin-labelled peroxidase complex (ABC) immunoperoxidase technique on
      briefly fixed, frozen sections of fresh human tissues. With this assay technique,
      the antibody is found to bind in vitro to both human colonic carcinoma and normal
      gastrointestinal epithelia. Tissues removed from patients having received the 17
      IA antibody intravenously in an immunotherapy trial show bound antibody 1-2 after
      administration. This is no longer evident 3 weeks later though the antigen is
      present on the cell surface and is still capable of binding antibody in vitro.

PMID- 6368410
TI  - The importance of 5-HT for tumor cell lodgement in the liver.
AB  - Arrest and lodgement of circulating tumor cells in the microvasculature is a
      prerequisite for metastasis formation. Aggregation of activated platelets and
      subsequent release of bioactive substances seem to influence the lodgement
      process. Since thrombocytopenia has been shown to reduce lodgement and since 5-HT
      is one of the compounds released from activated platelets, the present
      investigation was directed toward the influence of this amine on tumor cell
      lodgement in the liver after intraportal injection of fibrosarcoma cells.
      Lodgement was quantitated by an isotope technique with simultaneous measurements
      of 5-HT levels by a LCEC technique in rat liver biopsies from areas with lodged
      tumor cells as observed with vital fluorescence microscopy. To test the
      importance of 5-HT released from platelets, thrombocytopenia was induced with
      anti-platelet serum in one experimental group, while animals in another group
      were treated with ketanserin (a selective 5-HT2 receptor blocking agent). Animals
      given tumor cells alone showed a two-fold increase in 5-HT levels compared with
      animals injected with saline, indicating a relation between 5-HT release and
      tumor cell lodgement. In thrombocytopenic animals lodgement was reduced to 53% (5
      HT levels reduced to 50%) of tumor-cell-injected controls. Ketanserin treatment
      reduced tumor cell lodgement to 72% (5-HT levels to 63%). The results indicate
      that 5-HT is one of the substances released from activated platelets and that 5
      HT is involved in tumor cell lodgement.

PMID- 6368411
TI  - Homosexuality as a cause of alcoholism: a historical review.

PMID- 6368412
TI  - Intertrochanteric fractures: a comparison between fixation with a two-piece nail
      plate and Ender's nails.
AB  - The progress of 182 patients who presented with intertrochanteric fractures was
      followed over a six month period. Eighty-seven patients were treated using
      Thornton/McLaughlin nail plates and 95 were treated using Ender's intramedullary
      nails. Each fracture was classified according to radiological position and
      mechanical stability. The results show that the more unstable fractures are more
      likely to develop unsatisfactory results. Post operatively, the different
      mechanical complications have been recorded at various stages. Those fractures
      fixed with a nail plate tended to develop varus deformity resulting from either
      bony collapse around the implant or implant failure, whereas those fixed with
      Ender's nails did not develop deformity at the fracture site but encountered
      distal migration of the nails at the knee. The use of a classification system in
      predicting post operative mechanical complications is considered, and the
      comparative merits and disadvantages of the two fixation systems is discussed,
      with suggestions for improvement in operative technique.

PMID- 6368413
TI  - Reversal reaction in lepromatous patients induced by a vaccine containing killed
      ICRC bacilli--a report of five cases.
AB  - Clinico-pathological features of five cases of lepromatous leprosy exhibiting
      "reversal" reaction with upgrading of lesions following vaccination with ICRC
      vaccine have been described. Two patients also developed ENL. Associated with the
      "reversal" reaction, the patients exhibited lepromin conversion. No evidence of
      fresh nerve lesions was observed in any patient. Besides lepromin conversion,
      occurrence of "reversal" reaction is yet another evidence of immunogenicity of
      the ICRC vaccine.

PMID- 6368414
TI  - Rationales for vaccines against leprosy.

PMID- 6368415
TI  - Progress in the preparation of an antileprosy vaccine from armadillo-derived
      Mycobacterium leprae.

PMID- 6368416
TI  - Animal vaccination studies with Mycobacterium leprae.

PMID- 6368417
TI  - Antileprosy potentials of ICRC vaccine. A study in patients and healthy
      volunteers.

PMID- 6368418
TI  - Two candidate antileprosy vaccines--current status of their development.

PMID- 6368419
TI  - Natural history of leprosy--aspects relevant to a leprosy vaccine.

PMID- 6368420
TI  - Epidemiological considerations in vaccine trials in leprosy.

PMID- 6368421
TI  - Operational problems in vaccine trials.

PMID- 6368422
TI  - Ricardo S. Guinto, M.D., M.P.H., epidemiologist-leprologist, 1907-1983. In
      appreciation of 50 years dedicated to research in leprosy.

PMID- 6368423
TI  - International Leprosy Association. Directory.

PMID- 6368424
TI  - Hepatotoxicity of the combination of rifampin-ethionamide in the treatment of
      multibacillary leprosy.
AB  - During treatment of multibacillary leprosy with the combination rifampin (RMP)
      600 mg, ethionamide (ETH) 500 mg, and either dapsone (DDS) or clofazimine (CLO)
      100 mg, hepatotoxicity was observed in 4.5% of 596 patients. Hepatitis appeared
      after 5-186 days, with a mean of 93 days and a median of 76 days. Mortality was
      26%. ETH and DDS or CLO were administered daily in all regimens in which
      hepatitis occurred. RMP was given either daily or daily during the first two
      weeks or eight weeks, followed by a once-weekly dose. It is concluded that the
      combination RMP + ETH is the toxic component. In some patient groups there was a
      high correlation of toxicity with age. A regimen in which RMP was administered
      only twice a week during three months was not accompanied by hepatotoxicity.
      Future studies should show if reduction of the daily dose of ETH or reduction of
      the duration of the administration of RMP + ETH might reduce the incidence of
      hepatotoxicity while conserving the efficacy.

PMID- 6368425
TI  - Development of an ELISA for detection of antibody in leprosy.
AB  - An ELISA system was developed for detection of antibodies in leprosy using whole
      cells of bacteria as an antigen. Whole cells of M. smegmatis, M. vaccae, M.
      scrofulaceum, M. leprae, C. diphtheriae, and C. xerosis were compared. M.
      smegmatis was the most reactive against lepromatous sera with OD492 readings 1.5
      times and five times higher than the others. In addition, when M. smegmatis were
      coated to microtiter plates with a volatile ammonium acetate/carbonate buffer and
      air dried, the antigen coating was found to be three times more reactive than
      antigen coated with nonvolatile Na borate buffer. Autoclaving M. smegmatis
      increased the reactivity with lepromatous sera 1.4- to 2.3-fold. M. leprae was
      found to be 4-10 times more reactive than autoclaved M. smegmatis. Autoclaving M.
      leprae did not increase reactivity. Antibody titers of some lepromatous sera had
      endpoint titers of greater than 1:10,000. Both antihuman IgG and antihuman IgA,
      IgM, and IgG combined conjugates were found to be equally effective in detecting
      high levels of antibody in patients with multibacillary diseases.

PMID- 6368426
TI  - Field evaluation of an ELISA to detect antibody in leprosy patients and their
      contacts.
AB  - Previous studies have detected circulating antibody in leprosy using a variety of
      difficult laboratory methods. We have developed a simpler method for detecting
      antibody by ELISA, using autoclaved Mycobacterium smegmatis as the antigen.
      Evaluation was performed on eluates from 25 microliter aliquots of finger-prick
      blood dried on filter-paper disks in two high-incidence populations in Ponape,
      Micronesia. Among 228 nonleprosy cases bled in 1980 and rebled and re-examined in
      1982: a) for those who had been ELISA positive two years earlier, the leprosy
      attack rate during the intervening two years was at least twice as high as among
      those who had been negative, and we estimate that shortening the screening
      interval to one year plus doing confirmatory retests on new sero-converters would
      increase the relative risk (or "predictive power") to over sixfold, including all
      impending multibacillary cases; b) elevated antibody levels were detected up to
      two years prior to clinical onset of disease in 70% of new cases; and c) both
      asymptomatic conversion (rising titer) and reversion (falling titer) were
      observed. Among 150 biopsy-proven cases, ELISA results suggest that fall of titer
      in most uncomplicated paucibacillary cases was rapid (months), but in
      multibacillary cases was more gradual (years), probably paralleling responses to
      treatment with titers rising in reactivation. These results suggest that this
      technique, with an improved antigen, may be useful in leprosy control programs,
      both for detecting candidates for preventive treatment and for following
      responses to therapy.

PMID- 6368427
TI  - Collection method for Mycobacterium leprae from infected armadillo liver.
AB  - Leprosy bacilli were separated from infected armadillo liver almost free from
      tissue contaminants by a Percoll gradient centrifugation. The yield of bacilli
      was 46.7%. This is a very simple and effective method without enzyme treatment.

PMID- 6368428
TI  - Variation of superoxide dismutase levels in extracts of Mycobacterium leprae from
      armadillo liver.
AB  - Recent improvements in the sensitivity of assay methods for superoxide dismutase
      (SOD) have enabled the detection of this enzyme in 18 cell-free extracts of
      purified Mycobacterium leprae. By converting back to units of SOD obtained in the
      cytochrome c-based method previously used in work on this enzyme in mycobacteria,
      it was shown that extracts of M. leprae had 0.15-3.84 U SOD/mg protein (this
      study). A mean value of 1.31 U/mg protein was calculated. It was not possible to
      find any factors which could explain the very high levels in some extracts,
      although correlation with the period of tissue storage at -80 degrees C suggested
      that M. leprae in freshly killed tissue would have 1.77 U SOD/mg protein. The
      possibility of contamination by SODs from host and other organisms was unlikely
      since on gel electrophoresis extracts of M. leprae with high levels of SOD showed
      only a single band of activity characteristic of manganese-dependent SOD
      previously demonstrated.

PMID- 6368429
TI  - 2-Acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazones and Mycobacterium leprae.
AB  - Four 2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazones were tested in mice against
      Mycobacterium leprae by the kinetic method and found to be nearly inactive in a
      dosage of 0.05% in the diet. At the same dosage, thiacetazone, as a positive
      control, exhibited its expected activity.

PMID- 6368430
TI  - Immunity to leprosy and the Mitsuda reaction.

PMID- 6368431
TI  - Epidermal Langerhans' cells in subtypes of leprosy.

PMID- 6368432
TI  - Fluorescence microscopy of the fluorescent leprosy antibody absorption test (FLA
      ABS)

PMID- 6368433
TI  - Influence of diet on glucose metabolism of soleus muscle in artificially-fed 15-
      and 20-day-old Zucker fatty rats.
AB  - The relationship between diet and soleus muscle insulin responsiveness was
      examined in lean and obese Zucker rat pups that were artificially fed high-fat
      and high-carbohydrate liquid diets from 10 to 20 d of age and compared to pups
      that suckled normally. Elevated plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were
      found in both lean and obese artificially-fed pups at 20 d as compared to dam-fed
      controls. Total glucose utilization in isolated soleus muscle was estimated from
      the sum of the rates of 14C-glucose oxidation and 14C-glucose incorporation into
      glycogen and varied with genotype, age and diet. In general, soleus muscle from
      artificially-fed obese pups showed a lower basal and insulin-stimulated total
      glucose utilization than lean pups, with a greater and earlier effect due to high
      carbohydrate feeding. These results suggest that early dietary modification can
      alter peripheral target tissue insulin responsiveness and accelerate the onset of
      the insulin-resistant state.

PMID- 6368434
TI  - Insulin responsiveness in non-fa/fa and fa/fa Zucker rats: effects of adipocyte
      size.
AB  - Epididymal adipose tissue from non-fa/fa (lean) and fa/fa (obese) 14.5-week-old
      Zucker rats was used to study the influence of insulin and genotype on uptake of
      glucose and palmitate into adipocytes of different sizes. After incubation with
      radioactive substrate, adipocytes were inactivated and fixed by addition of
      osmium tetroxide; fixed adipocytes were isolated and separated by screening on
      the basis of size. Rates of substrate uptake into triacylglycerols were measured
      in adipocytes of each of ten size categories. Uptake rates of both glucose and
      palmitate increased as adipocyte size increased. Insulin had no effect on glucose
      uptake per adipocyte for fa/fa rats but had a highly significant (P less than
      0.01) stimulatory effect on that for non-fa/fa rats. This stimulation became
      significantly greater with increasing adipocyte size. When insulin was included
      in the incubation media, glucose uptake rates were similar between similar sizes
      of adipocytes from non-fa/fa and fa/fa rats. Absence of insulin from the
      incubation media, however, resulted in lower rates of glucose uptake by
      adipocytes from non-fa/fa rats. Glucose uptake was maximal in adipocytes from
      fa/fa rats, even in the absence of insulin. Net uptake of palmitate into
      triacylglycerols was not influenced by insulin; a significant interaction was
      observed, however, between adipocyte size and genotype. Large adipocytes from
      fa/fa rats had greater rates of palmitate uptake than did adipocytes of similar
      size from non-fa/fa rats. The reverse was true for adipocytes less than 125
      micron in diameter. The results of this study show that response to insulin of
      adipocytes of difference sizes varies with adipocyte size and with genotype.

PMID- 6368435
TI  - The antiobesity and metabolic activities of LY79771 in obese and normal mice.
AB  - Without affecting the appetite, Compound LY79771 reduced the body weight of obese
      Avy/a mice, prevented young Avy/a mice from becoming obese and ob/ob mice from
      becoming overtly obese. This weight-controlling effect of LY79771 was reversible
      upon withdrawal of treatment. The major portion of the weight change induced by
      the compound was due to a reduction in triacylglycerol content of the body.
      Hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia of the obese mice were also improved. In spite
      of its potent lipolytic activity, only a 20 to 25 per cent excess of fatty acid
      was found in the liver after dosing. No accumulation of fatty acid was observed
      in the carcass. A single dose of LY79771 also stimulated metabolism as indicated
      by the increase of CO2 expiration. The transient rise of body temperature that
      occurred after each injection in a long-term treatment regimen suggested that the
      compound was thermogenic. LY79771 had no effect on the weight of normal mice.

PMID- 6368436
TI  - Suppression of mouse lymphocyte responses to mitogens in vitro by Trypanosoma
      cruzi.

PMID- 6368437
TI  - Parasitological societies of the world.

PMID- 6368438
TI  - Differences in Plasmodium berghei development in nude and normal mice.

PMID- 6368439
TI  - Death anxiety in leukemic Chinese children.
AB  - The pattern of psychopathology in Chinese leukemic children as compared to
      Chinese children with orthopaedic disorder was studied through analysis of their
      respective responses to the Children's Apperception Test. Leukemic children were
      found to exhibit a distinctly different pattern of psychopathology and
      psychological defenses. Isolation, detachment and denial were commonly used to
      defend against their insecurity, abstract fears and uncertainties. Themes
      relating to parental misunderstandings and maltreatment were also elicited. These
      findings are discussed in relation to the Chinese conception of death as a taboo
      subject. Recommendations are made for a better psychological management of
      fatally ill children and their parents.

PMID- 6368441
TI  - The political structure of the brain: cerebral localization in Bismarckian
      Germany.
AB  - Eduard Hitzig and Gustav Fritsch's experimental "demonstration" of cerebral
      localization in 1870 was a major event in the history of attempts to relate
      behavior to the central nervous system. Their work transformed the vague
      speculations that began with Franz Josef Gall into professionally responsible
      activity. In Germany the work of Hitzig and his followers led to violent
      controversies concerning both the observations and interpretations of cerebral
      localization. This paper considers why German scientists, who had universally
      opposed the work of British and French localizers up to 1870, suddenly became
      interested in the subject at this time, and also why the issue of cerebral
      localization evoked such passion within the German scientific community. Adequate
      answers to these questions must involve consideration of the professional
      relations between physiologists and the developing field of psychiatry. They must
      also include discussion of the reactions of scientific intellectuals to the most
      important political development of the time, namely, the unification of Germany.

PMID- 6368440
TI  - Dialysis encephalopathy: a review.
AB  - Dialysis encephalopathy (DE) is a distinct neuropsychiatric syndrome typically
      occurring in patients undergoing longterm hemodialysis. It is characterized by
      electroencephalographic abnormalities in association with disturbances of speech,
      cognition, movement, affect, or behavior. Previously thought to be relentlessly
      progressive, recent evidence linking the illness to aluminum overload has led to
      advances in prevention and treatment. Early diagnosis aids in the reversal or
      amelioration of the syndrome and can be of immense value to the patient, the
      family and involved health personnel. The general features of the syndrome,
      etiologic considerations, differential diagnosis and treatment are discussed.
      Three case studies are included to illustrate salient features of the syndrome.

PMID- 6368442
TI  - Dynamic propagation of seizure discharges in the motor cortical kindling.
AB  - Applying a multidimensional autoregressive model to an ictal discharge, a dynamic
      propagation of seizure discharge was investigated in cats kindled by motor
      cortical stimulations. By means of this method, the reactive discharge peculiar
      to each brain structure and projected activity could be separately described in
      terms of a new measure, i.e., power contribution which defines a degree of
      participation of each reactive activity in discharges at a given brain structure.
      The results showed that six phases could be distinguished during the process of
      generalization and that electrically induced discharge on the motor cortex might
      propagate as follows, first, a system including the ventral nuclei of the
      thalamus and perhaps the caudate nucleus are involved. After participation of
      more dorsal systems within homolateral brain structures, contralateral structures
      begin to participate in the generation of seizure discharges and finally become
      dominant in the maturated seizure.

PMID- 6368443
TI  - Seasonal variation in stature and body weight.

PMID- 6368444
TI  - Placebo in the evaluation of antiulcer drugs.
AB  - According to the most recent definition, "placebo" is any substance devoid of
      specific activity, which nevertheless is given in order to obtain an effect. It
      is used to advantage in identifying active drugs (controlled clinical trials). It
      has an effect which is usually (though not always) favourable and has its own
      pharmacology closely resembling that of active substances. In view of the
      consistency of the placebo effect, any substance tried in the treatment of the
      various diseases of the alimentary tract must prove superior to placebo in order
      to be considered an "active" substance. It is only on the basis of this criterion
      that we may accept the risk of side-effects which, though they may be slight, are
      nevertheless unjustified if the drugs we are administering are inactive. This
      drug vs placebo comparison classically takes the form of so-called "double-blind"
      controlled studies, but for digestive diseases these are far less numerous than
      the many unreliable, uncontrolled studies available. Generally, the use of a
      placebo control has led to the elimination of numerous substances characterized
      by purely alleged efficacy, and to the identification of efficacious compounds or
      acceptable therapeutic trends. In peptic ulcer, controlled studies vs placebo
      have also contributed towards the acquisition and definition of useful
      pathophysiological, clinical and therapeutic notions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6368445
TI  - A controlled clinical trial with De-Nol (tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate) in
      patients with gastric ulcer.
AB  - The efficacy of local-acting De-Nol liquid (tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate)
      was investigated in patients with endoscopically verified gastric ulcer. In a
      prospective-type clinical trial, 16 outpatients received De-Nol and 24
      outpatients received an antacid mixture (sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate,
      magnesium trisilicate in equal parts). The period of study was 4 weeks, the
      endoscopy being performed on the 14th and 28th day after commencement of
      treatment. We Registration was made of the degree of ulcer healing (ulcer is
      healed, or not healed but reduced by 50%, or slightly healed, or unchanged), the
      degree of pain (0 = none, 1 = slight, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe), body weight,
      different biochemical and haematological examinations, side-effects and some
      other parameters. Of those patients given De-Nol treatment, the ulcer healed in
      69% within four weeks, as compared with 33% of those given antacid therapy. There
      was also a significant (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.02) difference between
      the two groups in the size of the ulceration which remained and in the decrease
      of pain. Side-effects were not recorded. These data suggest the beneficial effect
      of De-Nol liquid in the treatment of patients with gastric ulceration.

PMID- 6368446
TI  - Nosocomial sexually transmitted diseases.

PMID- 6368447
TI  - Cell biology of Trypanosoma cruzi.

PMID- 6368448
TI  - The neuronal organization of the outer plexiform layer of the primate retina.
AB  - In the primate retina at the level of the first synapse in the visual system, the
      outer plexiform layer, processes from 15 different types of neurons have so far
      been described. These are the synaptic spherules of rods, the pedicles of three
      spectral types of cones, dendrites and axons of two types of horizontal cell,
      dendrites of seven types of bipolar cell, processes of interplexiform cells, and
      the outwardly coursing dendritic extensions of biplexiform ganglion cells. The
      interconnections of these neurons as studied by electron microscopy and Golgi-EM
      are presented in a summary diagram (Fig. 27). Basal processes from cone pedicles
      contact the cone pedicles, and rod spherules forming gap junctions. The dendrites
      of both types of horizontal cell (hI and hII) connect only to cone pedicles and
      form lateral elements of triads at the ribbon synaptic complex. The HI axon
      terminals end as lateral elements at rod spherules while the axons of HII
      horizontal cells connect with cones in a manner similar to their dendrites.
      Interplexiform cells (ipc) do not contact either rod or cone synaptic endings.
      Rod bipolar cell (rb) dendrites end as central elements at the ribbon synaptic
      complex of rod spherules. The dendrites of flat midget (fm), flat top (fb), and
      giant bistratified bipolar (gb) cells all form basal junctions with cone
      pedicles. Ending as central elements of triads at cone pedicles are the dendrites
      of invaginating midget (im), diffuse invaginating cone (ib), and blue-cone (bb)
      bipolar cells. Biplexiform ganglion cells (bgc) connect to rods as central
      elements opposite the synaptic ribbon in the spherules. As compared to an earlier
      summary diagram of the outer plexiform layer (Kolb, 1970), the primate retina is
      now known not to be as simply organized as was once thought. Although our
      knowledge of the types of neurons contributing processes to this first synaptic
      layer, and the nature of their connections with other neurons has been broadened,
      especially within the past few years, this summary diagram is not intended to
      represent the complete or final "picture." Undoubtedly, future investigations
      along the lines of research outlined here will provide additional details to this
      wiring diagram so that we may better understand the processing of visual
      information by neurons in the retina.

PMID- 6368449
TI  - Cellular organization for steroidogenesis.

PMID- 6368450
TI  - Cellular clocks and oscillators.

PMID- 6368451
TI  - [Late results following fibrinolysis therapy of venous thromboses].

PMID- 6368452
TI  - [Physiopathology and clinical aspects of pulmonary embolism].

PMID- 6368453
TI  - [Massive pulmonary embolism. Surgical indications and results].

PMID- 6368454
TI  - [Scleredema adultorum Buschke and primary biliary cirrhosis in a 58-year-old
      patient].

PMID- 6368455
TI  - [Recurring, febrile infections with loss of consciousness].

PMID- 6368456
TI  - [Introduction to the topic of thromboembolism].

PMID- 6368457
TI  - [Recent developments in the field of fibrinolytics and anticoagulants].

PMID- 6368458
TI  - [Thromboembolism. The clinical significance of antithrombin III].

PMID- 6368459
TI  - Distribution of microtubules in cultured RPE cells from normal and dystrophic RCS
      rats.
AB  - Indirect immunofluorescence and antibodies to tubulin were used to visualize the
      distribution of microtubules (MT) in short-term primary cultures of retinal
      pigment epithelial (RPE) cells isolated from the eyes of control RCS rats and
      those with inherited retinal degeneration. At all stages of cell spreading in
      vitro, the pigment granules (PG) in these cells remained tightly clustered in the
      perinuclear region, surrounded by numerous MT. Initially, in relatively round
      cells, the perinuclear region was encompassed by a closely woven ring of
      circularly arranged MT. At later stages of spreading, the ring had disappeared
      and MT running in various directions could be observed. Cells that were plated
      singly assumed at first a discoid, then stellate, shape during spreading,
      whereas, those plated in small groups formed colonies of wedge-shaped cells. In
      well-spread single cells or colonies, a brightly fluorescent zone that appeared
      to contain the highest density of MT within the cells was located between the PG
      containing perinuclear region and the spreading edges of the cells. A single
      prominent star-shaped structure from which a number of MT radiated was situated
      among the PG in the perinuclear region of each cell; we believe this structure
      corresponds to the centrioles. It was generally well-separated from the regions
      of highest MT density. No differences in cell shape or in the distribution of MT,
      centriole-containing regions or PG in spreading or fully spread cells were
      detected when RPE cells from normal and dystrophic RCS rats were compared. Thus,
      the distribution of MT and their assembly during cell spreading appear normal in
      RPE cells of the dystrophic rat.

PMID- 6368460
TI  - An experimental evaluation of central vs. peripheral injection for intravenous
      digital subtraction angiography (IV-DSA).
AB  - At a given radiation dosage and field of view, five variables are under
      meaningful control for intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IV-DSA):
      concentration and quantity of contrast media injected, volume of injectate, rate
      of injection, and site of injection. Some controversy exists regarding the
      selection of a central vs. a peripheral injection site for IV-DSA. This study
      determined the influence of the site of injection on the peak and width of the
      arterial time-concentration curve produced by contrast media. Using a
      noninvasive, in vivo, quantitative x-ray measurement method, 36 separate
      injections (10 ml of ioxaglate at 8 ml/sec) were administered into the cephalic
      vein, subclavian vein, and main pulmonary artery in dogs. Injection sites were
      varied using a Latin-square experimental design. Cardiac output, central blood
      volume and the peak and width of the contrast media time-concentration curves
      were measured. The average peak enhancement was greatest for the pulmonary artery
      injection site. Normalizing peak and width values to make the pulmonary artery
      values 100%, the average peak values for injections into the subclavian vein and
      cephalic vein were 93% and 56%, and the average widths were 141% and 163%,
      respectively. These data support the use of a more central injection site for
      optimizing IV-DSA examinations.

PMID- 6368461
TI  - Adrenergic drugs for the treatment of asthma.

PMID- 6368462
TI  - Evory Kennedy: a master controversial.

PMID- 6368463
TI  - Successful treatment of recurrent renovascular hypertension by solitary kidney
      autotransplantation.
AB  - A case of recurrent renovascular hypertension is described in a patient with a
      solitary kidney successfully treated as an emergency for acute renal failure and
      unresponsive hypertension, by renal autotransplantation in the right iliac fossa.
      The results suggests that renal autotransplantation is a safe and reliable
      procedure in correcting particularly difficult renal vascular diseases where, due
      to the presence of a solitary kidney, all possible causes of technical failure of
      revascularization should be avoided.

PMID- 6368464
TI  - Corneal graft transparency: is 100% an achievable goal?
AB  - In a series of 56 patients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty in 86 eyes, 96%
      of the grafted corneas achieved clarity during a follow-up period of 6 months to
      6 years. The reason for this high success rate was the very strict patient
      selection, which almost entirely excluded cases with dry eye syndrome, active
      inflammation of the eye and elevated intraocular pressure. Donor material was
      also very carefully selected.

PMID- 6368465
TI  - Rectal administration of insulin.

PMID- 6368466
TI  - Asbestos exposure in Israel: findings, issues and needs.
AB  - In Israel, since the 1950s, at least several thousand workers, their wives and
      children, and possibly many others, have been or still may be exposed to
      hazardous amounts of airborne asbestos fibers. These are found both in asbestos
      based industries (asbestos cement, textiles and brake linings) and trades with
      asbestos exposure (construction, shipyard repair, boiler maintenance, insulation
      work). These people are at increased risk for disability or illness, or for
      premature death from asbestosis, from lung cancer, from exacerbation of
      preexisting respiratory disease (especially if they smoke), from mesothelioma,
      from gastrointestinal cancer, and from other malignancies. Although there has
      been progress, much still has to be done in the areas of legislation, standard
      setting, exposure control, technology, surveillance, smoking cessation, and
      medical care and follow-up. Compensation is needed to care for those workers
      currently or previously exposed, as well as for their families and others at
      risk. A national policy for protecting and caring for those formerly or currently
      exposed is indicated by the review of the situation in Israel.

PMID- 6368467
TI  - Development of a computer-assisted headache diagnostic and treatment system.

PMID- 6368468
TI  - Medical staff planning: an approach to managing critical hospital assets.
AB  - In today's harsh economic environment it is critical for hospital administrators
      to analyze and plan for medical staff composition. Traditional physician resource
      planning methods are not sufficient. This article presents one approach that can
      help reduce the uncertainty surrounding and increase the legal defensibility of
      decisions related to medical staff membership, privileges, size and composition.

PMID- 6368469
TI  - Physician incentive compensation in group practice: a review with suggestions for
      improvement.
AB  - Without a well-developed compensation plan, not only will medical groups fail to
      address their responsibility for minimizing health care cost inflation, but they
      may also experience dissension, resignations, inability to attract new
      practitioners and varying levels of output among the group members.

PMID- 6368470
TI  - [From ostracized to facially-injured subjects -- an example of social
      discrimination from the history of medicine].
AB  - The historical social situation and medical treatment of facially injured
      individuals is briefly summarized. Facially injured individuals were ostracized
      from society as a result of legal punishment, fear of contamination; or, because
      one believed that their injuries reflected a character-deficiency or even
      possession by evil spirits. In 1975, the term "defaced" (Entstellter) was
      replaced by the value-neutral description "facially injured"
      (Gesichtsversehrter).

PMID- 6368471
TI  - [Eosinophilic spongiosis and ICS antibodies in a child with strophulus-like
      dermatosis].
AB  - Eosinophilic spongiosis associated with in vivo-bound antibodies to the epidermal
      intercellular space (ICS) were consistently observed in a recurrent strophulus
      like eruption in an 11-year-old boy, thus suggesting pemphigus. The clinical
      course, however, ruled this diagnosis out since neither acantholysis nor the
      clinical picture of pemphigus developed in a period of 2.5 years. Since in vivo
      bound ICS-antibodies have been described in several case reports of bullous
      impetigo we speculate that immune reactions to bacterial antigens may be involved
      in producing eruptions mimicking pemphigus vulgaris.

PMID- 6368472
TI  - The impact of technology on the future of health/illness education.
AB  - The impact of technological advancement and societal pressure for comprehensive,
      cost effective health care are two current trends which will determine the future
      of health/illness education. This article predicts a future of health/illness
      education based on these trends. The issues of depersonalization, cost, privacy,
      and control involved in the use of computers in health care are identified and
      discussed.

PMID- 6368473
TI  - Face lift, part 5: suspending sutures for platysma cording.
AB  - We describe the technical details used in applying nonabsorbable sutures running
      from the anterior platysma muscles and/or adjacent fascia back to the fascia just
      in front of or covering the sternocleidomastoid muscles. These sutures usually
      pass 1.5-2 cm below the angle of the mandible. Anteriorly, they cover or are
      attached to the platysma muscles at the level of the cervical concavity or angle.
      The sutures suspend or draw back the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS)
      at this level, preventing some of the anterior displacement of the platysma when
      it is contracted in normal use. We believe that the sutures have relatively long
      lasting effects and that they delay the early return of "platysma cording" after
      cheek-neck lifting. Their application using Reverdin and Keith needles is
      demonstrated. Differences in technique when submental lipectomy is and is not
      performed with the lift are shown.

PMID- 6368474
TI  - [Post-traumatic lesions of the shoulder joint].

PMID- 6368475
TI  - [Bone chip grafting in chronic shoulder dislocation].

PMID- 6368476
TI  - [Bone chip fixation in osteochondral small-fragment fractures and osteochondrosis
      dissecans].

PMID- 6368477
TI  - In memory of Sir John Charnley. August 29, 1911-August 5, 1982.

PMID- 6368478
TI  - European experience with cementless total hip replacements.
AB  - The differences between prostheses fixed with and without cement consist mainly
      of the design and the nature of the surface of the implant. The shapes of the
      sockets to be implanted without cement show a wide variety--cylinder, square,
      conus, ellipsoid with and without threads. The hemispherical shape, which was
      chosen for the acetabular component of the isoelastic hip joint, does not disturb
      the natural form and function of the hip joint since the outer surface is closely
      adapted to the original subchondral bone layer. Undesired stress concentrations
      therefore are eliminated. The fixation of the noncemented cup is secured by
      threads, pegs, screws, etc. and by ingrowth of bony tissue in the grooves of the
      surfaces. Except for some special forms, most of the stems are based on the self
      locking principle. All prosthesis models show preparations that increase the
      surface area (ribs, wings, corrugations, or rims).

PMID- 6368479
TI  - Displaced fractures of the femoral neck. The rationale for internal fixation
      against hemiarthroplasty.

PMID- 6368480
TI  - Chronic undernutrition and cognitive abilities.
AB  - This review attempts to summarize recent developments in our understanding of the
      relationship between childhood malnutrition and cognitive abilities. The first
      questions briefly discussed relate to methods: the definition of malnutrition and
      the selection of suitable methods of measuring cognitive abilities. Next are
      considered the effects on mental development of undernutrition, social background
      and the behavioural patterns of mothers. The consequences of an episode of severe
      malnutrition in infancy and of confinement in hospital represent a special but
      important case. The review ends with a discussion of the factors that influence
      recovery and of strategies for intervention which might be included in a health
      care programme.

PMID- 6368481
TI  - [Operative procedures in extensive upper and lower jaw cysts].
AB  - In this paper we describe the various surgical techniques in the treatment of
      cysts of the mandible and maxilla. The importance of primary reconstruction of
      extensive defects is pointed out. We developed a special press for autologous
      cancellous bone to achieve better osteoplastic results. We describe the
      advantages of this technique in comparison to the conventional methods.

PMID- 6368482
TI  - [Operative treatment of paranasal sinus diseases in childhood].
AB  - An exact knowledge of the developing anatomy and physiology, and very
      conservative operative technique are the prerequisites for surgical therapy of
      the nose and the paranasal sinuses in children. These requirements are fulfilled
      by uncapping of the ethmoidal cells in chronic and especially acute ethmoid
      sinusitis. Intranasal antrostomy allows diagnosis to be made and limited local
      treatment to be given in acute and chronic maxillary sinusitis. More radical
      surgical procedures are not indicated in children, except in those cases, where
      severe orbital or endocranial complications have already developed. Uncapping of
      the ethmoidal cells and/or intranasal antrostomy combined with the elimination of
      mechanical obstruction of the upper respiratory tract are necessary, when
      conservative treatment of acute or chronic sinusitis is unsuccessful.
      Continuation of conservative therapy is then no longer indicated. The uncapping
      of the ethmoidal cells under antibiotic cover usually leads to a complete
      disappearance of the symptoms within a few days, even when orbital or periorbital
      complications of an acute ethmoiditis have already set in. Even after
      unsuccessful long-term treatment of a chronic maxillary sinusitis, intranasal
      antrostomy is successful in 75-90 per cent of cases. Complications did not occur
      in a personal series of 1,349 intranasal antrostomies in children in a period of
      5 years.

PMID- 6368483
TI  - The evolution of thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction: a review.

PMID- 6368484
TI  - Over-the-counter and iatrogenically induced psychoses: a review of the
      literature.

PMID- 6368485
TI  - Diagnosis and management of variant angina.

PMID- 6368486
TI  - Diethylstilbestrol exposure in utero: review of literature.

PMID- 6368487
TI  - Infant botulism: report of a case.

PMID- 6368488
TI  - Annotated bibliography on nephrology, hypertension, fluid and electrolyte
      disorders.

PMID- 6368489
TI  - Salmonella liver abscess: report of a case with successful computerized
      tomography guided percutaneous drainage and treatment.

PMID- 6368490
TI  - Isadore Lampe.

PMID- 6368491
TI  - The EORTC treatment of early stages of Hodgkin's disease: the role of
      radiotherapy.
AB  - Since 1964, the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer has
      conducted three subsequent clinical trials on clinical Stages (CS) I + II
      Hodgkin's disease (HD) in which 1059 patients have been entered. The first trial
      compared regional radiotherapy (RT) with mantle field or inverted Y, versus the
      same RT followed by a weekly injection of vinblastine for 2 years. The relapse
      free survival (RFS) and overall survival (S) were higher in patients treated by
      RT and chemotherapy (CT). This benefit, however, was significant only in patients
      with a mixed cellularity histologic type. The second trial compared the
      therapeutic efficacy of splenic irradiation versus splenectomy and found that in
      both arms, RFS and S were identical. Moreover, it was found that splenic
      involvement was correlated with an increased incidence of relapse in extranodal
      sites and in non irradiated lymphatic areas. In this trial, CT was given only to
      patients with poor histologic types, mixed cellularity or lymphocytic depletion.
      In the third trial, staging laparotomy was performed only to further delineate a
      good prognostic group which could be treated by RT alone. In this limited
      treatment group, there was no difference in RFS and S between mantle field and
      mantle field + para-aortic RT. In the extensive treatment group, total nodal
      irradiation (TNI) was compared with RT + MOPP. The RFS was slightly lower in the
      TNI arm, but there was no significant difference in S. The data of the 3 trials
      underline the importance of prognostic factors in the choice of optimal treatment
      and show that their significance depends upon the type of treatment. Multivariate
      statistical analyses showed that the main prognostic factors, which can help to
      identify the subsets of patients who can be treated by RT alone, are (1) systemic
      symptoms and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), (2) the number of
      involved lymphatic areas, and (3) staging laparotomy. Extended RT (mantle + para
      aortic + spleen treatment) gives satisfactory results in patients without
      systemic symptoms and/or elevated ESR and one or two involved sites, whereas TNI
      or combined modality treatment becomes mandatory for patients with 3 or more
      involved sites or splenic involvement and/or systemic symptoms. With proper
      adjustment of the irradiated volume, a very large proportion of CS I + II
      patients can be best treated by RT alone.

PMID- 6368492
TI  - Physiological mechanisms in hyperthermia: a review.
AB  - In experimental animal systems, hyperthermia at therapeutic temperature (43-45
      degrees C) causes a profound increase in blood flow in normal tissues while it
      induces only meager and temporal increases in blood flow in tumors. A severe
      vascular occlusion and hemorrhage usually follows the increase in blood flow in
      the tumors at the above temperatures. Another pronounced physiological change in
      tumors by heat is a prompt decrease in intratumor pH. The decrease in intratumor
      pH would accentuate the thermokilling of tumor cells and also possibly inhibit
      repair of thermodamage and development of thermotolerance in tumors. The
      temperature in tumors may rise higher than that in normal tissues during heating
      because of inefficient heat dissipation from the tumor as a result of decrease
      blood flow or vascular occlusion. Thus, the differential effects of heat on
      vascular function and pH in tumors and normal tissues may result in a greater
      damage in tumors than in surrounding normal tissues. Further investigation is
      urgently needed to find out whether similar physiological changes occur in human
      tumors and normal tissues by hyperthermia.

PMID- 6368493
TI  - Lymphoreticular tumors of the orbit.
AB  - Lymphoreticular tumors in the orbit are uncommon. Only 42 patients were
      identified from over 2000 patients with tumors of lymphoid tissue seen between
      1958 and 1979. The patients were divided into 3 groups: primary malignant,
      secondary malignant, and benign lymphoma. In the primary malignant lymphoma
      groups, there were 24 patients with a median age of 64 (40 to 87) years and a
      2.4:1 female to male ratio: 2 cases were bilateral. In 19 (79%) patients with the
      lymphoma limited to one orbit the tumor was controlled in every case with doses
      from 25 to 45 Gy. There were no serious complications. Subsequently lymphoma
      developed at other sites in 7 (37%) patients. The 5 and 10 year cause specific
      actuarial survival rates were 70 and 62%. In the 8 patients with secondary
      malignant lymphoma, the orbital disease was controlled by irradiation, although
      all patients required further treatment and died of their disease. Radiotherapy
      controlled all 7 patients with benign lymphoma without any complications.

PMID- 6368494
TI  - Influence of suspension hypokinesia on rat soleus muscle.
AB  - Hindlimb hypokinesia was induced in rats by the Morey method to characterize the
      response of the soleus muscle. Rats suspended for 1-4 wk exhibited continuous and
      significant declines in soleus mass, function, and contractile duration. Soleus
      speeding was in part explained by an alteration in fiber type. The normal
      incidence of 70-90% type I fibers in the soleus muscle was reduced after 4 wk of
      suspension to 50% or less in 9 of 11 rats. A significant decline in type I myosin
      isozyme content occurred without a change in that of type II. Other observed
      histochemical changes were characteristic of denervation. Consistent with soleus
      atrophy, there was a significant increase in lysosomal (acid) protease activity.
      One week of recovery after a 2-wk suspension was characterized by a return to
      values not significantly different from control for muscle wet weights, peak
      contraction force, one-half relaxation time, and type I myosin. Persistent
      differences from control were observed in maximal rate of tension development,
      contraction time, and denervation-like changes.

PMID- 6368495
TI  - Glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in muscles from immobilized limbs.
AB  - The purposes of this study were to determine whether the defects in glucose
      metabolism in muscles of immobilized limbs of mice were related to alterations in
      insulin binding, insulin responsiveness, glucose supply, and insulin activation
      of glycogen synthase. These were tested by in vitro methodology. A significant
      lessening in the insulin-induced maximal response of 2-deoxyglucose uptake into
      the mouse soleus muscle occurred between the 3rd and 8th h of limb
      immobilization, suggesting a decreased insulin responsiveness. Lack of change in
      the specific binding of insulin to muscles of 24-h immobilized limbs indicates
      that a change in insulin receptor number did not play a role in the failure of
      insulin to stimulate glucose metabolism. It's inability to stimulate glycogen
      synthesis in muscle from immobilized limbs is due, in part, to a lack of glucose
      supply to glycogen synthesis and also to the ineffectiveness of insulin to
      increase the percentage of glycogen synthase in its active form in muscles from
      24-h immobilized limbs.

PMID- 6368496
TI  - Effect of endotoxin on lung fluid balance in unanesthetized sheep.
AB  - We used a gravimetric technique to test for increased pulmonary capillary
      permeability after Escherichia coli endotoxin infusion in unanesthetized sheep.
      The sheep were chronically prepared with cannulas placed into the left atrium and
      pulmonary artery 1-2 wk before the experiments. We estimated pulmonary capillary
      pressure (Pc) as the average of pulmonary arterial and left atrial pressures, and
      used the modified method of Pierce to estimate the ratio of extravascular fluid
      weight (EVF) to blood-free dry weight. In 15 sheep we inflated a left atrial
      balloon to raise Pc to -10.7, 5, 10, or 15 mmHg above plasma oncotic pressure
      (IIc) for 3 h, then measured EVF. EVF averaged 4.0 +/- 0.2 (base line), 4.3 +/-
      0.1, 4.5 +/- 0.1, and 5.1 +/- 0.5 (SD), respectively, for the four levels of Pc -
      IIc. We gave seven additional sheep 1 microgram/kg of E. coli endotoxin (0127:B8)
      and measured EVF after 3 h of stable Pc. Endotoxin increased Pc in each sheep.
      EVF was higher than control for the endotoxin sheep with Pc - IIc greater than 
      1. This finding is consistent with an increase in pulmonary capillary
      permeability caused by endotoxin. However, EVF was not elevated in the endotoxin
      sheep with Pc - IIc less than 1 mmHg. This shows that the increased permeability
      was insufficient to cause edema unless Pc was elevated. Thus endotoxin may cause
      edema by two mechanisms, 1) an increase in capillary permeability, and 2) an
      increase in Pc.

PMID- 6368497
TI  - Lung compliance changes on high-frequency ventilation in normal dogs.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that high-frequency ventilation (HFV) promotes lung
      stability we compared the temporal course of dynamic lung compliance changes
      after two inflations on HFV with those occurring on conventional mechanical
      ventilation (CMV) at two different lung volumes, specifically with and without 5
      cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). In our first set of experiments we
      ventilated six anesthetized paralyzed dogs first with CMV, then with HFV, then
      again with CMV using tidal volumes of 15 ml/kg at rates of 16-18 times/min for
      CMV and less than 90 ml and a rate of 15 Hz for HFV. In our second set of
      experiments we ventilated six dogs for 4 h, the 1st h with CMV at 0 cmH2O end
      expiratory pressure, the 2nd h with CMV with 5 cmH2O PEEP, the 3rd h with HFV at
      the same mean pleural pressure, and the 4th h again with CMV with 5 cmH2O PEEP.
      We found the decreases in dynamic compliance with time following hyperinflations
      were similar on HFV and CMV (P greater than 0.5) at both lung volumes. With the
      lower lung volume the initial dynamic compliance following hyperinflation also
      tended to fall progressively from one hour to the next despite the inflations.
      However, with PEEP the initial dynamic compliance over successive hours tended to
      rise from one hour to the next. We found that changes in dynamic compliance were
      not necessarily reflected in the venous admixture or alveolar to arterial O2
      partial pressure gradients. We thus conclude that lung stability in normal dogs
      is not improved during HFV, and blood gases cannot be used to predict compliance
      changes.

PMID- 6368498
TI  - Mechanisms of gas transport during ventilation by high-frequency oscillation.
AB  - Ventilation by high-frequency oscillation (HFO) presents some difficulties in
      understanding exactly how gas is transported in the lung. However, at a
      qualitative level, five modes of transport may be identified: 1) direct alveolar
      ventilation in the lung units situated near the airway opening; 2) bulk
      convective mixing in the conducting airways as a result of recirculation of air
      among units of inhomogeneous time constants; 3) convective transport of gases as
      a result of the asymmetry between inspiratory and expiratory velocity profiles;
      4) longitudinal dispersion caused by the interaction between axial velocities and
      radial transports due to turbulent eddies and/or secondary swirling motions; and
      5) molecular diffusion near the alveolocapillary membrane. These modes of
      transport are not mutually exclusive and certainly interact. It is therefore
      difficult to make quantitative predictions about the overall rate of transport.
      Qualitatively, it may now be stated with confidence that convective transport in
      the tracheobronchial tree is very important during HFO as in normal breathing and
      that increasing tidal volume is more effective than increasing frequency in
      improving gas exchange during HFO. To optimize the gas transport efficiency of
      HFO, future research should focus on identifying the rate-limiting mode of
      transport for a given set of geometric and dynamic conditions.

PMID- 6368499
TI  - Effects of immunization on cardiopulmonary alterations of gram-negative
      endotoxemia.
AB  - We studied the effects of an infusion of Serratia marcescens endotoxin on
      hemodynamic function, white blood cells, platelets, and the plasma levels of
      thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) in
      awake monitored sheep. The animals were immunized using the core glycolipid (CGL)
      fraction of Escherichia coli J5 0111. An additional group of animals was studied
      after passive transfer of immune serum from the actively immunized CGL animals.
      Active immunization with CGL was effective in preventing the hematologic and
      hemodynamic changes as well as the elevations in TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha seen
      during gram-negative endotoxemia. Passive immunization also reduced some of the
      deleterious effects of endotoxin infusion but was less effective than active
      immunization. This study demonstrates the potential of cross-specific
      immunization to protect against the cardiopulmonary alterations caused by gram
      negative endotoxemia.

PMID- 6368500
TI  - Interaction between histamine and vagal stimulation on tracheal smooth muscle in
      dogs.
AB  - We examined the interaction between histamine and vagal efferent activity on
      airway smooth muscle reactivity in 11 anesthetized vagotomized dogs using an
      isolated closed segment of the intrathoracic trachea filled with Tyrode solution
      under an isovolumetric condition. Intratracheal pressure change was measured as
      an index of tracheal smooth muscle tone. The administration into the tracheal
      segment of histamine (0.1 or 1.0 mg/ml) in six dogs and methacholine chloride
      (0.001 or 0.01 mg/ml) in the other five dogs elevated intratracheal pressure by
      about 5 cmH2O. The electrical stimulation of the peripheral ends of both of the
      cut cervical vagus nerves in the presence of histamine produced significantly
      greater responses than the additive responses of these two stimuli applied
      individually (two-way analysis of variance, P less than 0.025). However, the
      combined effects of vagal stimulation and methacholine were not significantly
      different from the additive responses of these two stimuli applied individually.
      The average values of intratracheal pressure elevated by the combined effects of
      vagal stimulation and histamine were significantly higher than those obtained by
      the combination of vagal stimulation and methacholine (two-way analysis of
      variance, P less than 0.01). This suggests that histamine potentiates tracheal
      smooth muscle reactivity to electrical vagal stimulation, which may contribute to
      the hyperreactivity observed in patients with asthma.

PMID- 6368501
TI  - Echocardiographic evaluation of ventricles during continuous positive airway
      pressure breathing.
AB  - Using M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography, we have compared left and
      right ventricular dimensions at expiration and inspiration in a group of 12
      healthy young volunteers during the following two distinct periods: 1) a control
      period with atmospheric pressure breathing, and 2) a continuous positive airway
      pressure (CPAP) period with 15 cmH2O end-expiratory pressure breathing. In 6 of
      the 12 subjects we also evaluated inferior vena caval size, using the same
      technique. Inspiratory decrease in left ventricular short-axis area (A), length
      (L), calculated volumes (V = 5/6 AL), and inspiratory increase in right
      ventricular short-axis diameter and long-axis area were evident at both control
      and CPAP periods. CPAP also produced a marked decrease in left and an increase in
      right ventricular dimensions during both expiration and inspiration and a
      significant decrease in calculated stroke output. An increase in vena caval size
      during CPAP breathing indirectly suggested a decrease in venous return, but the
      finding of an unchanged percent of inspiratory change of this vessel during CPAP
      indicated that the inspiratory augmentation of venous return was still present.
      On the other hand, the finding of an increased right ventricular size indicated
      that the right ventricle was afterloaded by CPAP; this probably could explain the
      observed reduction in calculated stroke output.

PMID- 6368502
TI  - Site of deposition and factors affecting clearance of aerosolized solute from
      canine lungs.
AB  - We determined the influence of several factors on lung solute clearance using
      aerosolized 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate. We used a jet nebulizer-plate
      separator-balloon system to generate particles with an activity median
      aerodynamic diameter of 1.1 micron, administered the aerosol in a standard
      fashion, and determined clearance half times (t1/2) with a gamma-scintillation
      camera. The following serial studies were performed in five anesthetized,
      paralyzed, intubated, mechanically ventilated dogs: 1) control, with ventilatory
      frequency (f) = 15 breaths/min and tidal volume (VT) = 15 ml/kg during solute
      clearance; 2) repeat control, for reproducibility; 3) increased frequency, with f
      = 25 breaths/min and VT = 10 ml/kg; 4) positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of
      10 cmH2O; 5) unilateral pulmonary arterial occlusion (PAO); and 6) bronchial
      arterial occlusion (BAO). Control t1/2 was 25 +/- 5 min and did not change in the
      repeat control, increased frequency, or BAO experiments. PEEP markedly decreased
      t1/2 to 13 +/- 3 min (P less than 0.01), and PAO increased it to 37 +/- 6 min (P
      less than 0.05). We conclude that clearance from the lungs by our method is
      uninfluenced by increased frequency, increases markedly with PEEP, and depends on
      pulmonary, not bronchial, blood flow.

PMID- 6368503
TI  - Instantaneous venous return curves in an intact canine preparation.
AB  - The relationship between right atrial pressure (Pra) and venous return describes
      a venous return curve. Because changes in venous return and right ventricular
      stroke volume (SVRV) are similar during small tidal volume (VT) breathing, we
      compared the relationship of SVRV and Pra during positive-pressure ventilation
      (VT less than 10 ml/kg) in 17 pentobarbital-anesthetized, closed-chest, canine
      preparations. The SVRV-Pra relationship describes a straight line with a negative
      slope and a positive mean systemic pressure (Pms)-zero flow intercept
      (instantaneous Pms). Instantaneous Pms is similar to ventricular fibrillation
      induced (stop-flow) Pms (8.1 +/- 0.8 vs. 8.4 +/- 0.7 mmHg, mean +/- SE). With
      volume infusion, both instantaneous and stop-flow Pms increase to a similar
      degree (R = 0.9014, P less than 0.001). The effect of opening an arteriovenous
      fistula is time dependent and variable between dogs, but by 30 s it is associated
      with an increase in instantaneous Pms (5.2 +/- 3.2 mmHg). Vascular compliance
      determined by adding and removing blood from the intravascular space displays a
      curvilinear hysteresis. The instantaneous venous return curve is affected by
      intravascular blood volume, vasomotor tone, and resistance to venous return. The
      relationship between SVRV and Pra during small VT breathing define instantaneous
      venous return curves similar to those described using right-heart bypass
      preparations.

PMID- 6368504
TI  - Hormonal factors in reduced postprandial heat production of exercise-trained
      subjects.
AB  - The influence of exercise training on postprandial heat production was
      investigated in human subjects. Whereas resting metabolic rate was comparable for
      trained and nontrained subjects, the heat increment of feeding (HIF) after
      subjects consumed a meal containing 755 kcal was approximately 50% smaller in the
      trained subjects. Measurements of respiratory quotient also indicated a reduction
      of about 50% in glucose oxidation associated with exercise training. The levels
      of plasma norepinephrine increased significantly (P less than 0.01) from 200 to
      300 pg/ml in the sedentary subjects, but the changes observed in trained subjects
      were not significant. During the early phase of the meal, plasma levels of
      insulin were increased, even before nutrients appeared in the blood. Throughout
      the study the enhanced sensitivity to insulin of the trained subjects was
      confirmed. the postprandial heat production was diminished in exercise-trained
      subjects, and it is suggested that this could be related to a reduced activity of
      the sympathetic nervous system. Another possibility is that this reduction in HIF
      is related to a facilitation of glucose disposal in the form of glycogen rather
      than in the form of lipids.

PMID- 6368505
TI  - Compliance with therapeutic regimens.

PMID- 6368506
TI  - Intranasal administration of RA 27/3 rubella virus vaccine. A clinical trial in
      young adults.
AB  - Of the vaccines and inoculation routes studied for the prevention of rubella,
      only the RA27/3 vaccine, administered intranasally, has the ability to stimulate
      a humoral antibody pattern very similar to that evoked by wild rubella infection.
      Because information about intranasal (IN) vaccination has only been obtained
      using the RA 27/3 vaccine manufactured in Europe, we conducted a trial of IN
      vaccination among young adults using Meruvax II which is manufactured in the USA.
      Of 597 family planning clinic patients screened in 1980-1981, 71 (11.9%) were
      susceptible to rubella; forty-one subjects were randomly assigned to receive IN
      or subcutaneous (SC) vaccine. All 20 SC vaccinees, but only 8/21 (38%) IN
      vaccinees, were successfully immunized. We conclude that standard doses of
      commercially available RA 27/3 vaccine are insufficient for IN immunization
      against rubella. Additional study of the dose-response relationship is needed if
      IN vaccination is to be recommended.

PMID- 6368507
TI  - Incidence of beta hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis in adolescent with
      infectious mononucleosis.
AB  - Reports on the incidence of beta-hemolytic group A streptococci (BHGAS) in the
      pharynx of patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM) have varied from 3% to
      33%. To ascertain the rate of infection, we prospectively performed serial throat
      cultures and determined anti-streptococcal antibody titers on 45 students with
      confirmed IM by Epstein-Barr virus-specific serology. One hundred healthy control
      students had throat cultures for comparison. The rate of recovery of BHGAS was
      similar in patients with IM (4%) and controls (3%). No students with IM had a
      fourfold rise of anti-streptococcal antibodies. We conclude that routine culture
      for BHGAS and/or treatment with antibiotic agents is not indicated in all
      patients with IM.

PMID- 6368508
TI  - Biocompatibility of implant materials: a review and scanning electron microscopic
      study.
AB  - The evolution of various plastic materials used in the manufacture of intraocular
      lenses is reviewed, with special reference to the problem of biocompatibility of
      lens haptic materials. To date, polypropylene has been found and continues to be
      a highly effective, relatively inert material, providing good surgical results.
      However, the present study and other morphologic and chemical studies have
      provided evidence that indicates long-term alteration of polypropylene may occur.
      For this reason we believe that further studies of this particular polymer are
      warranted. Also, a continuing search and trial of other plastics to discover an
      equivalent or even more efficacious haptic material seems desirable. There is a
      need for careful long-term follow-up of patients after intraocular lens
      implantation, particularly of young patients.

PMID- 6368510
TI  - C.G. Jung's first 'patient': On the seminal emergence of Jung's thought.

PMID- 6368509
TI  - Myelinated nerve fibres and the fate of lanthanum tracer: an in vivo study.
AB  - The permeability of the marginal tight junctional system of myelin was tested in
      the rat employing the electron-dense tracer lanthanum nitrate. Lanthanum was
      either included in the fixative used for vascular perfusion (at a concentration
      of 20 mM) or was microinjected in vivo into the sural or tibial nerve (5, 10 and
      20 mM). After 5-60 minutes, the microinjected nerves were fixed either by
      immersion or vascular perfusion. Lanthanum tracer was present in the intraperiod
      line gap of myelin, irrespective of the mode of application of the tracer, the
      method of fixation or the time of exposure to lanthanum. However, the tracer was
      present more extensively when included in the fixative compared with in vivo
      microinjection. Internodally, lanthanum was usually restricted to the inner, or
      more commonly, the outer lamellae of larger fibres, while all lamellae were
      usually penetrated by tracer in smaller fibres. Paranodally, compact myelin was
      more extensively penetrated. The periaxonal space (between axon and Schwann cell)
      was readily accessible to tracer. It is concluded that the marginal tight
      junctional system of myelin is apparently of the 'leaky' type and is permeable to
      ions. The findings have implications for the electrophysiology and
      pathophysiology of the myelinated nerve fibre.

PMID- 6368511
TI  - Postpartum nutrient intake and body condition: effect on pituitary function and
      onset of estrus in beef cattle.
AB  - From calving through first estrus, 30 Brangus females were assigned equally to
      one of three diets to study the effect of postpartum nutrient intake and body
      condition on the ability of the pituitary to release luteinizing hormone (LH) and
      on the postpartum interval to estrus (PPI). The postpartum diets were calculated
      to achieve a 1) low [90% of the National Research Council (NRC) recommendations],
      2) maintenance (100% of the NRC recommendations), or 3) high (110% of the NRC
      recommendations) level of nutrient intake. The females were group-fed within a
      treatment and calves were allowed to suckle ad libitum. Cow weight, body
      condition score and calf weight were recorded 24 h aftercalving, d 20 postpartum
      and at first behavioral estrus. On d 21 postpartum, blood samples were collected
      via jugular cannulae at 15-min intervals for 4 h, followed by a 100-micrograms im
      injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and continued sampling at 15
      min intervals for an additional 6 h to determine serum LH. Although there was a
      significant decrease in PPI with increasing levels of nutrient intake (low = 57.5
      +/- 8.8 d; maintenance = 40.3 +/- 6.6 d; high = 34.7 +/- 5.1 d), there were no
      differences in any of the observed LH characteristics (or variables) due to
      treatment. There were, however, marked differences in both the PPI and LH
      characteristics when data were analyzed on the basis of ability to maintain body
      condition from calving through 20 d postpartum, regardless of calculated dietary
      treatments. Cows that maintained body condition (MBC) had a shorter PPI [MBC,
      31.7 +/- 2.8 vs lost (LBC) 60.0 +/- 7.5 d; P less than .01], higher basal levels
      of endogenous LH (MBC, .83 +/- .09 vs LBC, .61 +/- .04 ng/ml; P less than .025),
      higher GnRH-induced peak LH concentration (MBC, 58.99 +/- 11.15 vs LBC, 38.86 +/-
      8.37 ng/ml. P less than .10), higher LH levels throughout the GnRH-induced LH
      surge (P less than .001), and greater release curve areas for the endogenous
      (MBC, 124.6 +/- 13.3 vs LBC, 91.7 +/- 5.6 units; P less than .025), GnRH-induced
      (MBC, 4370.8 +/- 699.5 vs LBC, 3039.7 +/- 683.3 units; P less than .10) and total
      (MBC, 4510.7 +/- 706.7 vs LBC, 3141.9 +/- 684.7 units; P less than .10) LH
      release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6368512
TI  - Evaluation of a cup scrub technique for quantification of the microbial flora on
      bovine skin.
AB  - A cup-scrub technique devised for sampling the human skin surface microflora was
      evaluated in cattle. Scrub samples from bovine skin contained clumps of squama
      and bacterial microcolonies which were progressively broken down by shaking. This
      was accelerated in the presence of ballotini beads but aggregations of bacteria
      were still present after prolonged agitation. Vigorous shaking, particularly with
      beads, decreased the viability of the bacteria and optimum viable counts were
      obtained after manual shaking for half a minute. Immersion in buffered detergent,
      wash and diluting fluids for up to 2 h promoted release of bacteria from
      microcolonies but decreased the viability of aerobic and anaerobic pleomorphic
      rods and a Bacillus strain. There was no significant effect on strains of
      Micrococcaceae. Prolonged exposure of bacteria from scrub samples to these fluids
      can thus lead to both quantitative and qualitative alterations in the counts
      obtained, although these effects may be masked by the continuing release of
      bacteria from microcolonies. The cup-scrub technique provides a convenient means
      of quantifying changes in the bovine skin microflora but results obtained from
      different studies should only be compared if closely similar techniques are used.

PMID- 6368513
TI  - Effects of the resistance plasmid R124 on the level of the OmpF outer membrane
      protein and on the response of Escherichia coli to environmental agents.
AB  - The introduction of the F-like resistance plasmid R124 into an ompC mutant of
      Escherichia coli K12 conferred altered sensitivity to a wide range of inhibitory
      agents. Sensitivity to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ethionine, copper ions,
      deoxycholate, two fatty acids and colicins L and M was decreased by the plasmid.
      In contrast the plasmid-bearing ompC derivatives were more sensitive than the
      plasmid-free ompC mutant to erythromycin, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and
      phenol. Introduction of R124 into the ompC strain also decreased the level of the
      OmpF protein and some (but not all) of the changed sensitivities listed above
      clearly resulted from this outer membrane protein deficiency. The presence in the
      ompC mutant of R124 (rather than the more efficient introduction of the plasmid
      into variants of the ompC strain) led to at least most of the changes described
      above because those tested were accentuated by the presence of a copy mutant of
      R124 and reversed by plasmid curing.

PMID- 6368514
TI  - The use of combinations of trimethoprim and sulphonamides in the treatment of
      chest infections.

PMID- 6368515
TI  - Transferable nitrofuran resistance conferred by R-plasmids in clinical isolates
      of Escherichia coli.
AB  - A high proportion of nitrofuran-resistant strains has been found in a collection
      of antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria isolated from patients with
      urinary tract infections. Some of the Escherichia coli carried R-plasmids that
      conferred resistance to nitrofurantoin and nitrofurazone. The mechanism of
      resistance is not clear; only in lactose non-fermenting recipients was there a
      decrease in the nitrofuran-reducing ability of whole-cell suspensions. One of the
      plasmids conferred enhanced resistance to UV light on DNA repair defective
      mutants but not on repair efficient strains. In some resistant strains, the total
      resistance was apparently the result of a combination of chromosomal and plasmid
      borne genes. The presence of the plasmid may allow the development of higher
      resistance levels by mutation of chromosomal genes.

PMID- 6368516
TI  - Cefoxitin disc induction of latamoxef (moxalactam) resistance.

PMID- 6368517
TI  - Therapeutic effect of cefotetan in an experimental local infection with
      facultative and obligate anaerobes in granuloma pouches in rats.
AB  - The therapeutic activities of cefotetan against experimentally induced infections
      with Escherichia coli. Serratia marcescens, Bacteroides fragilis or Fusobacterium
      mortiferum in the granuloma pouches of rats were compared with those of
      cefmetazole and cefazolin. Of these antibiotics, cefotetan showed the greatest
      therapeutic effect against the four bacterial infections after a single
      intramuscular administration. Cefotetan was found to give much higher pouch
      exudate concentrations than cefmetazole, and to show prolonged antibacterial
      levels even when compared with cefazolin. In the granuloma pouch, cefotetan
      produced similar morphological changes in the cells of E. coli NY-17 as have been
      observed in vitro by microscopy. Elongation and bulge formation were noted.

PMID- 6368518
TI  - Cephalexin for the oral treatment of CAPD peritonitis.
AB  - Sixteen episodes of peritonitis in 13 patients undergoing continuous ambulatory
      peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) were treated with oral cephalexin given at each 6
      hourly dialysate exchange. Serial measurements of the antibiotic concentration in
      serum and dialysate were made in seven cases. Cephalexin levels increased rapidly
      and by 12 h exceeded 27 mg/l in serum and 20 mg/l in dialysate. Dialysate levels
      considerably exceeded the minimum bactericidal concentration for organisms
      considered cephalexin-sensitive and in patients with these the clinical response
      was usually good. Although dialysate concentrations sometimes reached the minimum
      inhibitory concentration for organisms considered cephalexin-resistant the
      clinical response in patients from whom resistant bacteria were cultured was
      unsatisfactory. Intra-peritoneal antibiotic administration would seem unnecessary
      in many CAPD patients with peritonitis.

PMID- 6368519
TI  - Antibody-coated bacteria in urine: when, where and why?

PMID- 6368520
TI  - Forty-eight-hour absorption pharmacokinetic profiles of two sustained-release
      theophylline preparations.

PMID- 6368521
TI  - Hyperactivity: nature of the syndrome and its natural history.
AB  - The composition of hyperactivity as a syndrome is discussed from a historical
      perspective, and the principal events leading to the recent emphasis on
      attentional characteristics of hyperactive children are summarized. Some of the
      major challenges to the legitimacy of hyperactivity as a valid syndrome are set
      forth, and after critical examination of the most influential work, it is
      concluded that hyperactivity has not been disproved. This is followed by a survey
      of the large follow-up literature dealing with the natural history of children
      diagnosed as hyperactive. It is noted that the manifestations of the syndrome
      appear to change with age but there is little indication that problems simply
      remit with maturity. The evidence indicates that hyperactivity, as diagnosed in
      the past, is often a serious disorder with long-term and far-reaching
      consequences for the children and their families. Multivariate studies are also
      discussed, as they have important implications for differential outcome.
      Different symptoms such as aggression, overactivity, and learning disability
      appear to contain unique information about current and future status, and
      therefore it appears useful to retain these distinctions rather than view such
      children as part of an undifferentiated group. It is unknown whether the recent
      guidelines for diagnosing Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity will
      alter or refine the outlook for children so identified, but this is an active
      area of research at present.

PMID- 6368522
TI  - Tourette syndrome: a review and educational implications.
AB  - Tourette syndrome has recently been brought to public attention through popular
      media. This review of the literature is an effort to communicate to special
      educators and allied professionals in nonmedical terms the present state of the
      art with regard to the definition, symptoms, etiology, treatment, and educational
      implications of Tourette. The review is concluded with suggestions for the
      education of Tourette students.

PMID- 6368523
TI  - Malarial acute renal failure.

PMID- 6368524
TI  - Allergy to monocomponent porcine and human insulin.

PMID- 6368525
TI  - Immune therapy of rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6368526
TI  - Iohexol (Omnipaque) in cerebral angiography.

PMID- 6368527
TI  - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase of Escherichia coli. Inhibition by various
      analogs and homologs of phosphoenolpyruvate.
AB  - In an attempt to investigate the topography of the catalytic site of
      phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase [EC 4.1.1.31] of Escherichia coli, the
      inhibitor constants (Ki) for more than 20 compounds were determined with the
      reaction system containing dioxane, a non-physiological activator of the enzyme.
      The Ki values for the compounds lacking methylene-, carboxylate-, or phosphate
      groups were all more than 10-fold larger than the Km value for PEP, indicating
      the significant contribution of these groups to the binding of PEP with the
      enzyme. The Ki value for L-phospholactate (0.30 mM) was almost equal to the Km
      value for PEP (0.25 mM), whereas that for D-phospholactate (0.89 mM) was about 3
      fold larger than the Km value. It was presumed that PEP binds with the enzyme on
      its si-side. Among 6 PEP homologs, the Ki values for phosphoenol alpha
      ketobutyrate (0.024 mM) and phosphoenol alpha-ketovalerate (0.034 mM) were about
      one-tenth the Km value, indicating the presence of a hydrophobic pocket around
      the binding site of the methylene group of PEP, where the carboxylation reaction
      is supposed to occur. DL-Phosphomalate, a presumptive carboxylated substrate, was
      a weak inhibitor with a Ki value of 2.20 mM.

PMID- 6368528
TI  - Electron transfer between plastocyanin and P700 in highly-purified photosystem I
      reaction center complex. Effects of pH, cations, and subunit peptide composition.
AB  - Treatment of isolated spinach thylakoid fragments with Triton X-100 followed by
      repeated sucrose density gradient centrifugations and Sephacryl S-300 and DEAE
      Sephacel chromatographies yielded a highly purified P700-chlorophyll a protein
      complex complex which consists of five polypeptides. The protein complex is
      virtually free of chlorophyll b (Ch1 alpha/Ch1 b greater than 10) with
      approximately 30 chlorophylls per P700, and contains iron-sulfur centers A, B,
      and X. At pH values higher than 6, divalent cations, but not monovalent or
      trivalent cations, efficiently accelerated the electron transfer from reduced
      spinach plastocyanin to the photooxidized P700 in the P700-chlorophyll alpha
      protein complex. At pH values lower than 6, the reaction rate drastically
      increased with decreasing pH with a maximum at about pH 4.3 without cations.
      Divalent salts as well as monovalent or trivalent salts decreased the P700
      reduction rate at low pH, indicating the involvement of electrostatic interaction
      in those pH regions. The rate of electron transfer from plastocyanin to the
      photooxidized P700 in the reaction center protein, which consists of only the
      largest peptide subunit and no iron-sulfur centers, was reduced only 50% at pH
      7.0 in the presence of MgCl2 as compared to the case of P700-chlorophyll alpha
      protein complex. Essentially similar effects of pH and metal ions on this
      electron transfer reaction were observed as in the case of P700-chlorophyll alpha
      protein complex. These results strongly suggest that plastocyanin donates
      electrons directly to the largest peptide of P700-chlorophyll alpha protein
      complex and the observed effects of pH and cations are mainly due to the
      interaction between the largest peptide of P700-chlorophyll alpha protein complex
      and plastocyanin. The four small subunits in the protein complex seemed to have
      only a minor role in the reaction with plastocyanin.

PMID- 6368529
TI  - Magnesium cation induced conformational change of yeast tRNAPhe as studied by
      singlet-singlet energy transfer.
AB  - The A76 or A73 nucleotide at the 3'end of tRNAPhe was modified with the
      fluorescent reagent of proflavine (PF). The distance between the fluorophore of
      the 3'end and the Y base was measured by singlet-singlet energy transfer under
      the conditions of 10 mM and 0.01 mM Mg2+. The distance obtained at 10 mM Mg2+ is
      very close to that obtained by the X-ray diffraction method, while the distance
      at 0.01 mM Mg2+ is significantly smaller. The difference in the distance is
      explained as a result of destabilization of the tertiary structure with reduction
      of the Mg2+ concentration. The calculated distance between A73 and A76 shows the
      stacked conformation of the CCA strand. Fluorescent quenching experiments showed
      that the degree of stabilization of 3'end A76 by stacking is lower than that of
      A73. The removal of the CCA segment causes a difference not only in the thermal
      melting curves but also in the fluorescent wavelength of the Y base at 0.01 mM
      Mg2+. The results suggest that the 3'end CCA strand has a helical structure and
      contributes to the stabilization of the whole structure of tRNAPhe.

PMID- 6368530
TI  - Identification and cloning of the gene coding for lysophospholipase L2 of E. coli
      K-12.
AB  - E. coli bearing hybrid plasmid pKOl (Oeda et al. (1981) Mol. Gen. Genet. 184, 191
      199) expressed a large amount of lysophospholipase L2 activity. When a mutant
      which was defective in lysophospholipase L2 activity was transformed with plasmid
      pKOl, it overproduced lysophospholipase L2 activity. The gene responsible for the
      lysophospholipase L2 activity was designated as pld B. On the same hybrid plasmid
      another gene (pld A) coding for detergent-resistant phospholipase A (DR
      phospholipase A) was also identified. These facts together with the results of a
      Pl transduction experiment revealed that the pld B gene must be between the pld A
      and met E genes on the E. coli chromosome.

PMID- 6368531
TI  - A kinetic study on the binding of monomeric and polymeric derivatives of NAD+ to
      yeast alcohol dehydrogenase.
AB  - The binding to yeast alcohol dehydrogenase of NAD+ and its five derivatives (N6
      [2-[N-[2-[N-(2-methacrylamidoethyl)carbamoyl]ethyl] carbamoyl]ethyl]-NAD (I), N6
      [N-[2-[N-(2-methacrylamidoethyl) carbamoyl]ethyl]carbamoylmethyl]-NAD (II),
      copolymer of I with acrylamide (PA-I), copolymer of II with acrylamide (PA-II),
      and copolymer of I with N,N-dimethylacrylamide (PDMA-I] were studied statically
      and kinetically by the stopped-flow method by using the quenching of the enzyme
      fluorescence in the presence of pyrazole. Apparent dissociation constants and
      apparent rate constants were determined therefrom. It was concluded that (1) the
      N6-CH2CH2CO group (of I) is effective in making the derivative bind more strongly
      as well as faster than NAD+, while the N6-CH2CO group (of II) is not; and (2) the
      binding of the polymer derivatives of NAD+ to the enzyme is not essentially
      weaker and slower than that of native NAD+, but is even faster in some cases. The
      coenzymic activities of the above compounds were also determined with yeast
      alcohol dehydrogenase, pig heart malate dehydrogenase, and rabbit muscle lactate
      dehydrogenase.

PMID- 6368532
TI  - Purification and properties of a membrane-bound phospholipase B from baker's
      yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
AB  - Phospholipase B bound tightly to the membrane fraction of baker's yeast
      (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was purified approximately 226-fold by extraction with
      sodium deoxycholate (DOC), acetone precipitation, ammonium sulfate fractionation,
      and column chromatographies on Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, and
      Sepharose 4B. Only one major activity peak with an apparent molecular weight of
      330,000 was detected by gel filtration on Sepharose 4B. However, two glycoprotein
      bands, one major and one minor, were evident on SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis in the absence of 2-mercaptoethanol. Isoelectric focusing also
      revealed two activities, pI 3.4 (major) and pI 3.0 (minor). The purified enzyme
      had phospholipase B activity (in the presence of DOC) and lysophospholipase
      activity in a ratio of 1:4.8. Both activities had an optimum pH of 3.5-4.0.
      Phospholipase B activity was appreciably stimulated only by DOC among bile acids,
      but lysophospholipase activity was markedly inhibited by them. Both activities
      were not stimulated by Ca2+ and inhibited by SDS, Triton X-100, Fe3+ and Al3+.
      The purified enzyme hydrolyzed the acyl ester bonds of phosphatidylcholine
      sequentially, first the 2-acyl and then the 1-acyl groups. It preferentially
      hydrolyzed 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and, to a lesser degree, 2-acyl-sn
      glycero-3-phosphocholine.

PMID- 6368533
TI  - Hormonal control of serine dehydratase mRNA in primary cultures of adult rat
      hepatocytes.
AB  - The mechanism of hormonal induction of serine dehydratase [EC 4.2.1.13, SDH] was
      studied in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes by measuring the rates of
      syntheses of the enzyme protein and its translatable mRNA. The rate of synthesis
      of enzyme protein, measured as incorporation of [3H]leucine into the enzyme
      protein in hepatocytes, was increased 4-5 times by dexamethasone (Dex) plus
      glucagon. Neither hormone alone increased the rate. The increased rate induced by
      the two hormones was suppressed by insulin and epinephrine. The decay curves of
      [3H]leucine-labeled SDH showed that these hormones did not affect the rate of
      enzyme degradation. The level of translatable mRNA was determined by measuring
      cell-free synthesis of SDH in a reticulocyte lysate system. Dex plus glucagon
      increased the level of mRNA of SDH in hepatocytes. Insulin and epinephrine
      suppressed this increase without changing the rate of mRNA degradation. The level
      of mRNA changed in parallel with that of the rate of synthesis of the enzyme
      protein. These results suggest that these hormones regulate transcription of SDH,
      rather than its translation. After pretreatment of hepatocytes with Dex, further
      addition of glucagon caused more rapid induction of mRNA of SDH than addition of
      both hormones together. The effect of glucagon after pretreatment with Dex was
      inhibited by actinomycin D and alpha-amanitin, suggesting that glucagon does not
      affect post-transcription, but transcription per se. The requirement for both Dex
      and glucagon for induction of this enzyme is discussed in comparison with the
      requirements for either hormone alone for inductions of other gluconeogenic
      enzymes.

PMID- 6368534
TI  - Intraoral behaviour and biocompatibility of gold versus non precious alloys.
AB  - The costs of traditional dental gold alloys have increased rapidly over the last
      fifteen years, and numerous attempts have therefore been made to develop and
      produce less expensive alternatives for use in the manufacture of fixed dental
      appliances. A review is presented of the various types of alloys currently
      available in the western world, as well as of the biological, technical and
      clinical aspects of their use in dentistry. Special attention is paid to the
      possible risks of various types of pathological reactions associated with
      alternative alloys containing nickel, beryllium or cadmium. Technical aspects
      covered include constructional problems and those associated with casting,
      finishing and the clinical adjustment of fixed appliances produced by traditional
      and alternative alloys. In conclusion, it is stated that even if rapid progress
      in this area makes long-term predictions difficult there is no evidence at
      present to suggest that the costs of dental treatment have in general become
      noticably lower to the patients when alternative alloys have been used instead of
      traditional gold based ones.

PMID- 6368535
TI  - Purification of a small receptor-binding peptide from the central region of the
      colicin E1 molecule.
AB  - An Mr = 16,000 receptor-binding fragment of colicin E1 has been obtained by
      cyanogen bromide digestion of colicin E1. The purified 16-kDa fragment shows
      binding properties similar to those of an Mr = 38,000 colicin E1 receptor-binding
      fragment generated by thermolysin treatment. Treatment of the 38-kDa fragment
      with cyanogen bromide also yields the 16-kDa fragment. By comparing the NH2
      terminal amino acid sequence of the 16-kDa fragment with the known colicin E1
      sequence, the receptor-binding fragment can be shown to occupy the central region
      of the colicin molecule, extending from residue 231 to 370. It is inferred that
      the 16-kDa fragment binds efficiently to the colicin receptor because it is able
      to protect sensitive cells against the lethal effects of colicins E1 and E2 and,
      when pre-adsorbed to the cell, to physically displace colicin E1. Unlike the 38
      kDa receptor-binding fragment, the 16-kDa fragment was found to be devoid of
      channel-forming ability previously shown to be associated with the COOH-terminal
      region of the colicin E1 polypeptide.

PMID- 6368536
TI  - Kinetic properties and sites of autophosphorylation of the partially purified
      insulin receptor from hepatoma cells.
AB  - Autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor was studied using a glycoprotein
      fraction solubilized and purified partially from the rat hepatoma cell line, Fao.
      Incubation of this receptor preparation with [gamma-32P] ATP, Mn2+, and insulin
      yielded a single insulin-stimulated phosphoprotein of Mr = 95,000 which
      corresponds to the beta-subunit of the insulin receptor. At 22 degrees C,
      incorporation of 32P was half-maximal at 30 s and about 90% complete after 2 min.
      At steady state, about 200 pmol of 32P were incorporated per mg of protein; this
      value corresponded to about 2 molecules of phosphate per insulin binding site
      estimated from Scatchard plots. Insulin increased the Vmax for
      autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor kinase nearly 20-fold with no effect
      on the Km for ATP. Mn2+ stimulated autophosphorylation by decreasing the Km of
      the kinase for ATP, whereas Mg2+ had no effect. Dilution of the insulin receptor
      over a 10-fold concentration range did not decrease the rate of
      autophosphorylation suggesting that it may occur by an intramolecular mechanism.
      When the phosphorylated beta-subunit of the insulin receptor was digested with
      trypsin, at least 5 phosphopeptides could be separated by high performance liquid
      chromatography on a mu Bondapak C18 reverse-phase column. Insulin stimulated the
      phosphorylation of all sites. These phosphate acceptor sites varied in their rate
      and degree of phosphorylation. Phosphopeptides pp4 and pp5 were phosphorylated
      very rapidly and reached steady state within 20 s, whereas phosphorylation of pp1
      and pp2 required several minutes to reach steady state.

PMID- 6368537
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies on the role of intrinsic metals in Escherichia
      coli RNA polymerase. Effect of DNA template on the nucleotide-enzyme interaction.
AB  - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies were performed to investigate the effect of
      DNA template on the interaction of initiating nucleotide ATP with Escherichia
      coli RNA polymerase (RPase) in which one of the two intrinsic Zn ions was
      substituted with a Co(II) (Co-Zn RPase) or Mn(II) (Mn-Zn RPase) ion. This
      intrinsic metal ion is located at the initiation site in the beta subunit of
      RPase. The paramagnetic effects of Co-Zn and Mn-Zn RPases on the relaxation rates
      of 1H- and 31P-nuclei of ATP were used to determine the distances from the
      intrinsic metal to various atoms of ATP bound at the initiation sites in the
      presence of DNA. The distances from the metal to H2, H8, H1', alpha-P, beta-P,
      and gamma-P atoms were estimated to be 6.7 +/- 0.9, 4.1 +/- 0.6, 6.0 +/- 1.2, 7.5
      +/- 0.8, 9.4 +/- 1.0, and 9.8 +/- 1.0 A, respectively. These distances were
      compared with those measured in the absence of DNA (Chatterji, D., and Wu, F. Y.
      H. (1982) Biochemistry 21, 4657). In both the presence and absence of DNA, the
      close proximity between the intrinsic metal and the H8 atom strongly indicates
      that the metal is coordinated directly to the base moiety of ATP. Such a
      coordination may provide a structural basis for the selection of a purine
      nucleotide during the initiation process. The presence of DNA causes the H2 atom
      to move away (greater than 2 A) from the intrinsic metal, whereas all three
      phosphorus atoms shift closer (greater than 3 A) toward the metal. The possible
      mechanistic implications of the conformational alteration of ATP at the
      initiation site induced by the DNA template is discussed.

PMID- 6368538
TI  - Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of a yeast mannosyltransferase from
      the asparagine-linked glycosylation pathway.
AB  - The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae temperature-sensitive lethal mutant alg1-1,
      has been previously shown to lack the activity necessary for the addition of the
      first mannose residue in the synthesis of lipid-linked precursor oligosaccharide.
      The gene ALG1 has been cloned by complementation of the temperature-sensitive
      mutation alg1-1 with a total genomic DNA library. The original DNA fragment
      isolated was 11,300 base pairs and has been subcloned to a 1,500-base pair
      fragment which is still capable of complementing alg1-1. The gene ALG1 has been
      mapped on chromosome II at a distance of 2.1 map units from LYS2. The ALG1 gene
      product has been shown to catalyze the transfer of a mannosyl residue from GDP
      mannose to the lipid-linked acceptor GlcNAc2, yielding Man beta 1-4GlcNAc2-lipid,
      in lysates from Escherichia coli transformants. This result proves that ALG1 is
      the structural gene for the first mannosyltransferase in lipid-linked
      oligosaccharide assembly.

PMID- 6368539
TI  - Nine amino acid residues at the NH2-terminal of lipoprotein are sufficient for
      its modification, processing, and localization in the outer membrane of
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - We have examined the structural requirements at the NH2-terminal region of the
      lipoprotein for its assembly in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli by
      constructing a hybrid protein consisting of an NH2-terminal portion of the
      prolipoprotein, consisting of the signal peptide and 9 amino acid residues of
      lipoprotein, and the entire beta-lactamase sequence. The results from this study
      indicate that the hybrid protein is modified with glyceride, processed in a
      globomycin-sensitive step, and localized in the outer membrane. The translocation
      of the hybrid protein across the cytoplasmic membrane occurs post-translationally
      and is inhibited by carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone. Our results,
      therefore, indicate that the signal peptide and 9 amino acid residues of
      prolipoprotein are sufficient for its modification, processing, and localization
      in the outer membrane.

PMID- 6368540
TI  - Detection of pheromone biosynthetic and degradative enzymes in vitro.
AB  - Highly sensitive, luminescent assays have been developed to measure enzyme
      activities involved in the metabolism of a major class of insect pheromones which
      includes fatty aldehydes, alcohols, and their acetate esters. These assays have
      been applied to measure the in vitro biosynthesis and degradation of the sex
      pheromone (trans:cis-11-tetradecenal, 96:4) of the eastern spruce budworm,
      Choristoneura fumiferana. Three activities were detected on analyses of extracts
      of the female moths: (a) an esterase that hydrolyzes both the cis and trans
      isomers of 11-tetradecenyl acetate, (b) an oxidase that converts fatty alcohols
      to aldehydes in the presence of O2, and (c) an NAD-dependent aldehyde
      dehydrogenase. The coupled luminescent response of bacterial luciferase to long
      chain aldehydes was used to measure rates of reaction as low as 0.1 pmol/min
      since only low amounts of material can be analyzed. Specific activities of these
      enzymes were higher in the pheromone producing gland than in other parts of the
      moth, implicating these enzymes, and the oxidase in particular, in the pathway of
      pheromone biosynthesis. The pathway was supported in vivo by demonstrating that
      topical application of 3H-labeled tetradecanyl acetate onto the insect gland
      resulted in the formation of [3H]tetradecanol and [3H]tetradecanoic acid, thus
      providing evidence that all three enzymes were functional in the living insects.

PMID- 6368541
TI  - Protein phosphorylation in Escherichia coli and purification of a protein kinase.
AB  - More than 40 protein species including RNA polymerase were found to be
      phosphorylated in Escherichia coli on analyses of 32P-labeled cell lysates by
      single and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. The protein
      species and the level of phosphorylation varied depending on the cell growth
      phase. With [gamma-32P]ATP as a substrate, cell lysates phosphorylated endogenous
      proteins in vitro which were predominantly phosphorylated in vivo. Both serine
      and threonine were the major phosphate acceptors in whole cell lysates. Starting
      from a partially purified RNA polymerase preparation with the protein
      phosphorylation activity and using an E. coli protein with an apparent Mr = 90K
      (K represents X 1000) as the substrate, we purified a protein kinase with a
      native Mr approximately 120K to apparent homogeneity. The protein kinase is
      either a heterodimer of 61K and 66K polypeptides or a homodimer of one of these
      polypeptides. We also isolated a 100K protein with self-phosphorylation activity.

PMID- 6368542
TI  - Analysis of the interaction of rabbit skeletal muscle adenylate deaminase with
      myosin subfragments. A kinetically regulated system.
AB  - The interaction of rabbit skeletal muscle adenylate deaminase with myosin
      fragments (heavy meromyosin and subfragment-2) has been studied by analytical
      centrifugation, gel chromatography, and stopped flow light scattering. Formation
      of the complex is highly cooperative with respect to addition of two molecules of
      adenylate deaminase/molecule of myosin fragment to form a ternary complex.
      Ternary complex formation is also highly pH-dependent with less complex formed at
      higher pH values, and the pH dependence is steeper with heavy meromyosin than
      with subfragment-2. At pH 6.5, the dissociation constant for the heavy meromyosin
      deaminase complex is approximately 1.2 X 10(-15) M2. Over the pH range 6.5-7.0,
      rate constants for the formation and dissociation of both the ternary and binary
      complexes of adenylate deaminase with heavy meromyosin have been determined. From
      analysis of the time course of stopped flow light scattering, the association
      steps are found to be extremely rapid, while the rate constant for dissociation
      of the first molecule of adenylate deaminase from the ternary complex is quite
      slow. This rate constant increases as the pH increased, but is sufficiently low
      that the interacting system does not equilibrate on the time scale of mass
      transport experiments (sedimentation velocity and gel chromatography), and thus
      displays apparent "slow" behavior. The kinetic regulatory properties of adenylate
      deaminase are influenced by heavy meromyosin and subfragment-2, particularly with
      respect to inhibition by GTP. The association and dissociation of adenylate
      deaminase and myosin fragments and the resultant changes in kinetic properties of
      the adenylate deaminase can markedly alter the time course of the enzymatic
      reaction. The time scale over which this interaction is modulated by changes in
      pH may have significance in the metabolism of exercising muscle.

PMID- 6368543
TI  - Structural homology of microtubule-associated proteins 1 and 2 demonstrated by
      peptide mapping and immunoreactivity.
AB  - The major high molecular weight microtubule-associated polypeptides from hog
      brain (MAP-1 and MAP-2) were compared by one- and two-dimensional peptide mapping
      under varied conditions and by immunological techniques. Partial digestion of MAP
      1 and MAP-2 with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease and analysis in one dimension
      gave rise to very similar peptide maps independent of whether 125I-, 3H-, or 32P
      labeled proteins were used. One-dimensional cleavage patterns of significant
      similarity were also obtained by partial digestion of MAP-1 and MAP-2 using
      trypsin or chymotrypsin. Furthermore, a pronounced similarity, although clear
      nonidentity, of MAP-1 and MAP-2 was also revealed after exhaustive digestion of
      125I-labeled proteins with S. aureus V8 protease or trypsin followed by analysis
      of peptides in two dimensions. For immunological comparison, antisera were used
      that had been raised in rabbits using electrophoretically purified MAP-1 and MAP
      2 components as immunogens. As determined by immunoprecipitation, the antiserum
      raised to MAP-1 was equally reactive with MAP-1 and MAP-2 components, whereas the
      antiserum to MAP-2 reacted primarily with MAP-2. Indicating the presence of
      common as well as unique antigenic determinants on MAP-1 and MAP-2, these
      results, therefore, were in agreement with the peptide mapping data. Implications
      of these results for biosynthetic mechanisms as well as differential distribution
      and functions of MAPs in cells are discussed.

PMID- 6368544
TI  - Size heterogeneity of the largest subunit of nuclear RNA polymerase II. An
      immunological analysis.
AB  - Antibodies raised against the 180-kDa subunit of cauliflower RNA polymerase II
      bind selectively to the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II purified from a
      variety of plant species. The selective binding of this antibody to the largest
      RNA polymerase II subunit has allowed us to probe for the size of this subunit in
      crude cell extracts, in fractions containing partially purified RNA polymerase
      II, and in isolated nuclei. Fractions containing RNA polymerase II were subjected
      to electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, blotted onto
      nitrocellulose, and blots were probed with antibody. Immunoglobulin complexes
      were revealed with 125I-Protein A. Published purification procedures result in
      rapid conversion of a 220-kDa subunit to a 180-kDa polypeptide, but purification
      at high pH (pH 9.0) retards this proteolysis. RNA polymerase II associated with
      isolated nuclei is largely protected from proteolytic degradation, and a 240-kDa
      polypeptide as well as a 220-kDa polypeptide can be detected. These results
      suggest that the 180-kDa subunit of RNA polymerase II arises artificially during
      cell lysis and enzyme purification, and that even the 220-kDa polypeptide may be
      a degradation product of a 240-kDa polypeptide in plants.

PMID- 6368545
TI  - Characterization of an estrogen-binding protein in the yeast Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae.
AB  - This paper further characterizes the estrogen-binding protein we have described
      in the cytosol of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. [3H]Estradiol was used as
      the radioprobe, and specific binding of cytosol fractions was measured by
      chromatography on Sephadex minicolumns. Other 3H-steroids did not exhibit
      specific binding. [3H]Estradiol binding was destroyed by treatment with trypsin,
      but not RNase, DNase, or phospholipase; N-ethylmaleimide substantially decreased
      the binding. The yeast did not metabolize estradiol added to the medium, and
      extraction and chromatography of the bound moiety showed it to be unmetabolized
      estradiol. Scatchard analysis of cytosol from both a and alpha mating types as
      well as the a/alpha diploid cell revealed similar binding properties: an apparent
      dissociation constant or Kd(25 degrees) for [3H]estradiol of 1.6-1.8 nM and a
      maximal binding capacity or Nmax of approximately 2000-2800 fmol/mg of cytosol
      protein. Gel exclusion chromatography on Sephacryl S-200 and high performance
      liquid chromatography suggested a Stokes radius of approximately 30 A. Sucrose
      gradient centrifugation showed a sedimentation coefficient of approximately 5 S,
      and the complex did not exhibit ionic dependent aggregation. The estrogen binder
      in S. cerevisiae differed in its steroidal specificities from classical mammalian
      estrogen receptors in rat uterus. 17 beta-Estradiol was the best competitor, 17
      alpha-estradiol had about 5% the activity, and diethylstilbestrol exhibited
      negligible binding affinity as did tamoxifen, nafoxidine, and the zearalenones.
      In summary, a high affinity, stereospecific, steroid-selective binding protein
      has been demonstrated in the cytosol of the simple yeast S. cerevisiae. We
      speculate that this molecule may represent a primitive hormone receptor system,
      possibly for an estrogen-like message molecule.

PMID- 6368546
TI  - The insulin receptor of rat brain is coupled to tyrosine kinase activity.
AB  - Insulin receptors from rat brain were studied for receptor-associated tyrosine
      kinase activity. In solubilized, lectin-purified receptor preparations, insulin
      stimulated the phosphorylation of the beta subunit of its receptor as well as of
      exogenous substrates. Phosphoamino acid analysis of casein phosphorylated by
      these preparations revealed that 32P incorporation occurred predominantly on
      tyrosine residues. Receptor and casein phosphorylations were specific for insulin
      and analogues that also bind to the insulin receptor. The insulin dose response
      for phosphorylation of brain receptor resembled that reported for the purified
      insulin receptor from human placenta (Kasuga, M., Fujita-Yamaguchi, Y., Blithe,
      D.L., and Kahn, C.R. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 2137-2141),
      suggesting similar insulin sensitivity and coupling of the brain receptor kinase.
      Four polyclonal antisera to the insulin receptor were able to bind and
      immunoprecipitate the brain receptor; however, only two antisera activated the
      receptor-associated kinase. Thus, the brain insulin receptor, like the well
      studied non-neural receptor, is coupled to tyrosine kinase activity, making
      regulation of cellular events by insulin in neural tissue possible.

PMID- 6368547
TI  - Differential scanning calorimetry of Cd(II) alkaline phosphatases.
AB  - Differential scanning calorimetry has been employed to monitor structural
      alterations induced in the dimeric enzyme alkaline phosphatase on binding of
      Cd(II) (to the metal-free apoenzyme) and phosphate (Pi) (to the Cd(II) enzyme).
      Cd(II) addition to the apoenzyme at pH 6.5 results in an increased transition
      temperature, suggesting a stabilizing effect of the bound metal ion. Two distinct
      structural forms of the protein are detected as discrete calorimetric transitions
      (Tm = 69-84 degrees C; 87-94 degrees C, respectively). Distribution of the enzyme
      between these forms is found to depend on the exogenous Cd(II) concentration and
      the protocol of Cd(II) addition. These results indicate that conversion between
      the conformational forms is a slow process which appears to require specific
      levels of metal ion site occupancy. These studies, in which the exogenous Cd(II)
      concentration was varied from 10(-5) M to 10(-3) M suggest a structural basis for
      previously observed hysteretic phenomena observed on Cd(II) binding to the
      enzyme. Even at a minimum stoichiometry of Cd(II) (2 eq/mol of dimer) a single
      equivalent of Pi is sufficient to accelerate assumption of a stabilized form of
      the protein (Tm = 90 degrees C). This is followed by a slow structural change
      paralleling the time course of formation of the functional 2 Cd(II) phosphoryl
      enzyme which displays two calorimetric transitions (Tm = 65 degrees C, 88 degrees
      C). The low temperature transition does not appear if Pi is initially present at
      millimolar concentrations and is abolished on addition of Pi at concentrations in
      excess of 0.1 mM. These observations suggest the presence of a second, distinct
      Pi binding site on the 2 Cd(II) phosphoryl enzyme. This is supported by the
      changes observed in the 31P NMR chemical shift of Pi added to comparable enzyme
      samples. These data, including assessment of the effect of the presence of
      Mg(II), are discussed in terms of the mechanism of metal ion association to the
      enzyme and rearrangement of bound metal ions induced by Pi binding.

PMID- 6368548
TI  - Two latent metalloproteases of human articular cartilage that digest
      proteoglycan.
AB  - Human articular cartilage contains very low levels of metalloprotease activity;
      the activity in 1 g of cartilage is approximately equivalent to the activity of 1
      microgram of trypsin. Development of a sensitive assay, based on the digestion of
      radioactive proteoglycan, has made it possible to study protease activity in 1-2
      g specimens of cartilage. Cartilage was extracted with Tris buffer in the cold
      and with Tris buffer containing 10 mM CaCl2 at 60 degrees C. The extracts were
      passed through Sepharose 6B; two major and two minor metalloprotease activities
      were detected. A neutral metalloprotease activity, pH optimum 7.4, was found as a
      latent form of Mr = 56,000. It could be activated with aminophenylmercuric
      acetate or trypsin with a resultant decrease of Mr to 40,000. An acid
      metalloprotease, pH optimum 5.3, also occurred as a latent form of Mr = 50,000.
      Activation converted this to Mr = 35,000. Removal of calcium ions by dialysis
      reduced the activity of the neutral enzyme by 80-85% and of the acid enzyme by
      100%. Both activities were restored by 10 mM Ca2+. Both enzymes were completely
      inhibited by 1 mM o-phenanthroline in the presence of excess calcium. This
      inhibition was overcome by 1 mM Zn2+ and, to a lesser extent, by Co2+. These
      proteases may be important in the metabolism of the cartilage matrix and in its
      destruction in osteoarthritis.

PMID- 6368550
TI  - Effects of mutations at glycine residues in the hydrophobic region of the
      Escherichia coli prolipoprotein signal peptide on the secretion across the
      membrane.
AB  - Each of the 2 glycine residues in the hydrophobic region of the prolipoprotein
      signal peptide of Escherichia coli was systematically deleted or substituted with
      a valine residue by oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis.
      Functional analysis of four such mutants as well as four double mutants,
      resulting from combinations of any two of the single mutations, revealed that (a)
      glycine residues at positions 9 and 14 could be replaced individually or at the
      same time with a valine residue without affecting the secretion of
      prolipoprotein; (b) the deletion of glycine at position 9 had no effect on the
      secretion of prolipoprotein whereas, when glycine at position 14 was deleted, the
      glyceride modification and the processing of the mutant prolipoprotein occurred
      at a much slower rate at 42 degrees C than those of the wild type prolipoprotein;
      and (c) the effects of deleting glycine at position 14 could be suppressed by the
      deletion of glycine at position 9, which resulted in shortening the hydrophobic
      region of the prolipoprotein signal peptide by 2 amino acid residues. These
      results indicate that the hydrophobic region of the prolipoprotein signal peptide
      has remarkable flexibility in terms of the relationship between its primary
      structure and function in protein secretion.

PMID- 6368549
TI  - The complete amino acid sequence of a biologically active 197-residue fragment of
      M protein isolated from type 5 group A streptococci.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of a peptic fragment (Pep M5) of the group A
      streptococcal type 5 M protein, the antiphagocytic cell surface molecule of the
      bacteria, is described. This fragment, comprising nearly half of the native M
      molecule, is biologically active in that it has the ability to interact with
      opsonic antibodies as well as to evoke such an antibody response in rabbits. The
      sequence of Pep M5 was determined by automated Edman degradations of the
      uncleaved molecule and its enzymatically derived peptides. The primary peptides
      for Edman degradation were the arginine peptides obtained by tryptic digestion.
      The tryptic cleavage of Pep M5 was limited to the arginyl peptide bonds by
      derivatizing the epsilon-amino groups of lysine residues by reductive
      dihydroxypropylation. The overlapping peptides were generated by digestion of the
      unmodified Pep M5 with chymotrypsin, V8 protease, and subtilisin. The sequence
      thus established for the Pep M5 molecule consists of a total of 197 residues (Mr
      = 22,705). The Pep M5 protein contains some identical, or nearly so, repeating
      sequences: four 7-residue segments and two 10-residue segments. However,
      extensive sequence repeats of the kind previously reported within the partial
      sequence of another M protein serotype, namely Pep M24, were absent. The Pep M5
      sequence is distinct from, but exhibits some homology with, the partial sequences
      of two other M protein serotypes, namely, Pep M6 and Pep M24. Furthermore, the 7
      residue periodicity of the nonpolar and charged residues, an alpha-helical coiled
      coil structural characteristic that was previously observed within the partial
      sequences of M proteins, was found to extend over a significant part of the Pep
      M5 sequence. The implication of these results to the function and immunological
      diversity in M proteins is discussed.

PMID- 6368551
TI  - Carbohydrate structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mnn9 mannoprotein.
AB  - The neutral oligosaccharides from Saccharomyces cerevisiae mnn1 mnn9, mnn2 mnn9,
      and mnn9 mutant mannoproteins, and from mnn1 and wild type carboxypeptidase Y,
      have been characterized. The major oligosaccharide from the mnn1 mnn9 mutant,
      Man10GlcNAc, has the structure (formula; see text) whereas the largest
      oligosaccharide from the mnn9 mutant, Man13GlcNAc, has the structure (formula;
      see text) the differences being due to the mnn1 mutation. The smaller mnn9
      homologs had lesser amounts of terminal alpha 1----3-linked mannose and may be
      precursors of the mature oligosaccharide. The mnn2 mutation had no effect on the
      mnn9 oligosaccharide structures. Carboxypeptidase Y and mnn9 oligosaccharides
      were identical, which suggests that the mnn9 mutation eliminates the differences
      in carbohydrate structure that distinguish intra- from extracellular
      mannoproteins. One mnn1 mnn9 oligosaccharide, Man11GlcNAc, retained the terminal
      alpha 1----2-linked mannose of the lipid-linked core precursor, which suggests
      that processing to give the larger oligosaccharides can occur without removal of
      this unit. A smaller mnn1 mnn9 oligosaccharide, Man9GlcNAc, was a mixture of
      isomers that must, in part, have arisen by action of an alpha 1----2-mannosidase.

PMID- 6368552
TI  - Prolipoprotein modification and processing enzymes in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Prolipoprotein signal peptidase, a unique endopeptidase which recognizes glycyl
      glyceride cysteine as a cleavage site, was characterized in an in vitro assay
      system using purified prolipoprotein as the substrate. This enzyme did not
      require phospholipids for its catalytic activity and was found to be localized in
      the inner cytoplasmic membrane of the Escherichia coli cell envelope. Globomycin
      inhibited this enzyme activity in vitro with a half-maximal inhibiting
      concentration of 0.76 nM. Nonionic detergent, such as Nikkol or Triton X-100, was
      required for the in vitro activity. The optimum pH and reaction temperature of
      prolipoprotein signal peptidase were pH 7.9 and 37-45 degrees C, respectively.
      Phosphatidylglycerol:prolipoprotein glyceryl transferase (glyceryl transferase)
      activity was measured using [2-3H]glycerol-labeled JE5505 cell envelope and
      [35S]cysteine-labeled MM18 cell envelope as the donor and acceptor of glyceryl
      moiety, respectively. 3H and 35S dual-labeled glyceryl cysteine was identified in
      the product of this enzymatic reaction. The optimal pH and reaction temperature
      for glyceryl transferase were pH 7.8 and 37 degrees C, respectively.

PMID- 6368553
TI  - Molecular architecture of the rapidly metabolized 32-kilodalton protein of
      photosystem II. Indications for COOH-terminal processing of a chloroplast
      membrane polypeptide.
AB  - The molecular architecture of the rapidly metabolized 32-kilodalton chloroplast
      protein was investigated. Modified proteolytic techniques were applied to
      construct a cleavage map for this photosynthetic membrane component. The portion
      which anchors the protein to the membrane was shown to be rich in hydrophobic
      amino acid residues, while the surface-exposed portion was richer in polar
      residues. The amino to carboxy polarity of the map was established by comparing
      oligopeptide radiolabeling data with the polypeptide sequence decoded from the
      gene. This showed that the anchor domain contains the NH2 terminus, and the
      exposed domain the COOH terminus. The 32-kilodalton protein was previously
      demonstrated to derive from a 33.5-kilodalton precursor. We now show that the
      precursor molecule has a COOH-terminal oligopeptide extension. A model relating
      precursor cleavage to membrane integration is presented. COOH-terminal processing
      is proposed to ensure a correct sequence of events for assembly of the 32
      kilodalton protein into the photosynthetic membrane.

PMID- 6368554
TI  - Type VI collagen. Studies on its localization, structure, and biosynthetic form
      with monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies were prepared by immunization with whole tissue and were
      selected for their reactivity with extracellular matrices in tissue
      immunofluorescence. Two such antibodies were used to isolate the corresponding
      antigen from pepsin extracts of human placental tissue by immunochromatography.
      In each case, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium
      dodecyl sulfate showed that the isolated material was composed of four
      polypeptides of Mr between 57,000 and 85,000 that were disulfide-bonded into a
      high molecular weight aggregate. Amino acid analyses showed that the isolated
      material was partly collagenous. The material was shown to be antigenically
      related to previously isolated peptic fragments of type VI collagen and it shared
      their unique structure as revealed by electron microscopy. Based on these
      findings, it was concluded that the isolated material was a form of type VI
      collagen. In immunofluorescence, the monoclonal antibodies localized type VI
      collagen throughout the connective tissue and in the extracellular matrix of
      cultured fibroblasts. Polypeptides presumably comprising the intact form of this
      collagen were isolated from cultures of metabolically radiolabeled fibroblast
      cell cultures using the two monoclonal antibodies. The isolated material
      consisted of two polypeptides of Mr 240,000 and 140,000 that were extensively
      disulfide cross-linked. Four additional monoclonal antibodies bound the same
      radioactive polypeptides from fibroblast cultures, but only one of them reacted
      with the fragments isolated from pepsin-digested placenta. Since all six
      antibodies were originally selected based on tissue immunofluorescence, and
      therefore react with the tissue form of the protein, the tissue form appears to
      be more similar to the polypeptides detected in fibroblast cultures than to the
      pepsin-resistant fragments. Since these monoclonal antibodies apparently
      recognize different parts of the molecule, they will be useful for further study
      of the structure and function of the intact form of type VI collagen.

PMID- 6368555
TI  - Characterization of a novel serum albumin-binding glycoprotein secreted by
      endothelial cells in culture.
AB  - A unique and heretofore undescribed glycoprotein with unusual properties has been
      purified and characterized from the culture medium of endothelial cells. This
      protein is synthesized constitutively by bovine, porcine, and human endothelial
      cells, by vascular smooth muscle cells, and by fibroblasts from dermis and
      ligament. It is also a biosynthetic product of some murine malignant and/or
      transformed cell lines but was not uniformly observed in cells derived from human
      neoplasms. The glycoprotein exhibited an apparent molecular weight by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of approximately 39,000 before
      reduction, and of approximately 43,000 (43K protein) in the presence of
      dithiothreitol. Amino acid analysis revealed high levels of potentially acidic
      residues (Asx + Glx = 303 residues/1000) and of cysteine (35 residues/1000).
      Limited proteolysis indicated that both disulfide bonds and mannosylated sites
      were distributed throughout the protein chain. Neither phosphate nor sulfate was
      incorporated into the 43K protein during biosynthetic labeling of endothelial
      cells. In addition, the 43K protein did not bind to heparin, thrombin, gelatin,
      or fibronectin and displayed no affinity for [3H]diisopropyl fluorophosphate. In
      contrast, the 43K protein demonstrated a high affinity binding to bovine serum
      albumin which was dissociable only by sodium dodecyl sulfate. A complete lack of
      identity with several prominent serum and platelet proteins and with other
      mesenchymal cell products was shown by one- and two-dimensional peptide mapping,
      affinity chromatography, and immunological studies. Immunofluorescence staining
      of endothelial cells showed a granular distribution for the 43K protein that was
      typical of a secreted protein. The function of this apparently novel glycoprotein
      is presently not known. Its synthesis by normal mesenchymal cells and by
      malignant or transformed cells of both ectodermal and endodermal origin suggests
      a general role in cell function that is independent of transformation.

PMID- 6368556
TI  - Escherichia coli alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex.
AB  - The alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex from Escherichia coli catalyzes the
      hydrolysis of S-succinyl-CoA to succinate and CoASH. The reaction rate is
      dependent upon the presence of thiamin pyrophosphate and NADH, as well as the
      functional integrity of the alpha-lipoyl groups associated with the enzyme. The
      Km value for S-succinyl-CoA is 9.3 X 10(-5) M, and the maximum velocity is 0.02
      mumol X min-1 X mg of protein-1 at pH 7 and 25 degrees C. This hydrolysis can be
      rationalized on the basis that succinyl thiamin pyrophosphate is generated under
      reductive succinylation conditions. Occasional diversion of succinyl thiamin
      pyrophosphate to hydrolysis produces succinate.

PMID- 6368557
TI  - Reaction of azapeptides with chymotrypsin-like enzymes. New inhibitors and active
      site titrants for chymotrypsin A alpha, subtilisin BPN', subtilisin Carlsberg,
      and human leukocyte cathepsin G.
AB  - A series of new azapeptide p-nitrophenyl esters containing a variety of P1 aza
      amino acid residues have been synthesized, and the reaction of these azapeptides
      with chymotrypsin A alpha, subtilisin BPN', subtilisin Carlsberg, and human
      leukocyte cathepsin G at pH 4-7 has been studied. These azapeptides were found to
      be very useful as active site titrants and inhibitors of serine proteases with
      chymotrypsin-like specificity. Stable acyl derivatives of serine proteases are
      formed in the reaction with azapeptides and can be used for future
      crystallographic investigations. The effects of changing the nature of the P1'
      leaving group (-ONp, -OPh, -OCH2CF3, -OEt) for these azapeptides was also
      investigated. N-Acetyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-alpha-azanorleucine p-nitrophenyl ester
      can be used as an active site titrant for human leukocyte cathepsin G and N
      acetyl-L-alanyl-alpha-azaphenylalanine p-nitrophenyl ester is a suitable titrant
      for chymotrypsin A alpha, subtilisins, or cathepsin G.

PMID- 6368558
TI  - Nuclear and nucleolar localization of the 72,000-dalton heat shock protein in
      heat-shocked mammalian cells.
AB  - The intracellular location of the major induced mammalian heat shock (or stress)
      protein (Mr = 72,000) has been determined by both biochemical and immunological
      methods. This protein, shown here to be comprised of at least three structurally
      related isoforms, is produced at high levels within 30 min to 1 h following heat
      treatment of cells. Biochemical fractionation of cells grown under heat shock
      showed that following its synthesis a portion of the 72,000-Da protein (and its
      isoforms) becomes associated with the nucleus while some remains in the
      cytoplasm. Indirect immunofluorescence studies using antiserum directed against
      the major isoforms of the 72,000-Da protein were carried out in normal and heat
      shocked cells as well as in cells grown under stress by exposure to either an
      amino acid analogue or to sodium arsenite. Diffuse cytoplasmic and nuclear
      staining was observed in cells grown at 37 degrees C. In cells grown under heat
      shock conditions, both the cytoplasmic staining and the nuclear staining were
      found to increase with the nuclear staining consisting of both granular and patch
      like structures, the latter being coincident with phase-dense nucleoli. In the
      case of cells exposed to amino acid analogues or to sodium arsenite, only
      cytoplasmic and to a lesser extent nuclear staining was observed, i.e. no
      localized nucleolar fluorescence was observed. Following return of heat shock
      treated cells to normal growth temperatures, both the synthesis of the 72,000
      Dalton stress protein and its nucleolar staining were found to diminish.

PMID- 6368559
TI  - Role of glycosylation in the processing of newly translated insulin proreceptor
      in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
AB  - A procedure was developed for the immunoprecipitation of glycosylated and
      nonglycosylated forms of the insulin receptor and its precursors without prior
      purification using lectins. 3T3-L1 adipocytes were labeled with [35S]methionine
      after which 35S-labeled receptor polypeptides were specifically
      immunoprecipitated and characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. The first 35S-polypeptide detected was a 190-kDa glycosylated
      proreceptor which was rapidly (t1/2 approximately equal to 15 min) processed to a
      210-kDa intermediate. The latter precursor was more slowly (t1/2 approximately
      equal to 2 h) proteolytically processed to 125-kDa (alpha') and 83-kDa (beta')
      precursors of the mature alpha- and beta-receptor subunits. Immediately prior to
      insertion into the plasma membrane, i.e. about 3 h after translation, the alpha'-
      and beta'-precursor polypeptides were converted to the mature 135-kDa alpha- and
      95-kDa beta-receptor subunits. The characteristics of the oligosaccharide
      moieties of the receptor precursors and products were investigated. The 210-kDa
      precursor and its two products, the 125-kDa alpha'- and 83-kDa beta'-species, and
      the mature alpha- and beta-receptor subunits bind tightly to wheat germ lectin,
      whereas the 190-kDa proreceptor species is not bound. Upon incubation with
      endoglycosidase H, both the 210- and 190-kDa species are converted to a 180-kDa
      species. The 125-kDa alpha'- and 83-kDa beta'-species are also cleaved by
      endoglycosidase H, being reduced in size to 97 and 79 kDa, respectively. Based on
      their sensitivity to endoglycosidase H and insensitivity to neuraminidase, the
      oligosaccharide chains of the receptor precursors (190, 210, 125, and 83 kDa) do
      not contain terminal sialic acid (or other capping sugars). However, near the
      time of insertion into the plasma membrane, capping of the alpha'- and beta'
      species by sialic acid occurs, giving rise to the mature 135-kDa alpha- and 95
      kDa beta-receptor subunits, which are partially endoglycosidase H-resistant and
      neuraminidase-sensitive. When 3T3-L1 adipocytes are treated with tunicamycin, a
      180-kDa proreceptor aglycopolypeptide is synthesized which is incapable of
      undergoing further processing and proteolytic cleavage to the alpha- and beta (or
      alpha'- and beta'-)-subunits. The 180-kDa species, which appears to be the aglyco
      form of hte 190-kDa proreceptor generated by endoglycosidase H, is resistant to
      trypsin in the intact cell and apparently has not reached the cell surface. Thus,
      the oligosaccharide moieties of the insulin receptor precursor are crucial for
      proper processing, intracellular translocation, and formation of functionally
      competent insulin re

PMID- 6368560
TI  - Adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) can support the formation of an initiation
      complex between the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme and primed DNA.
AB  - Adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (ATP gamma S) will substitute for ATP in the
      formation of an initiation complex between the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme of
      Escherichia coli and primed DNA. The initiation complex formed in the presence of
      ATP gamma S between the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme and single-stranded DNA
      binding protein-encoated primed M13 Gori DNA is stabile and isolable by gel
      filtration at room temperature. Upon addition of the four required
      deoxynucleoside triphosphates, this complex is rapidly converted to the duplex
      replicative form without dissociation of the polymerase. Initiation complexes
      formed in the presence of either ATP gamma S or ATP are indistinguishable by
      their resistance to antibody directed against the beta subunit of the holoenzyme
      and by their ability to elongate without further activation. A 2-fold difference
      was observed, however, in both the extent of initiation complex formation and in
      the dissociation of initiation complexes once formed. This difference is
      discussed in the light of previous proposals regarding a dimeric polymerase
      capable of replicating both strands at a replication fork concurrently.

PMID- 6368561
TI  - Asymmetrical arrest of the proximal tibial physis and genu recurvatum deformity.
AB  - We are reporting six cases of premature asymmetrical closure of the proximal
      tibial physis and associated genu recurvatum deformity and have reviewed the
      fourteen cases reported in the English-language literature. No single etiological
      factor could be implicated as the cause of the physeal arrest. Trauma, prolonged
      immobilization, tibial wire traction, and a surgical procedure involving the
      proximal tibial physis were observed risk factors among our patients. In our
      patients, established genu recurvatum due to deformity of the proximal end of the
      tibia and associated tibial length discrepancy were managed successfully by an
      opening-wedge osteotomy through the proximal one-third of the tibia and bone
      grafting. Epiphyseodesis in the contralateral extremity may be required in
      patients with significant shortening of the tibia.

PMID- 6368562
TI  - The treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome.

PMID- 6368563
TI  - Acute rupture of the lateral ligament of the ankle. To suture or not to suture?
AB  - One hundred patients with acute ruptures of the lateral ligaments of the ankle
      were randomly allocated either to conservative treatment in a plaster cast or to
      operative repair. With the aid of stress tenography, the extent of the injury was
      established. There were 30 patients with isolated anterior talofibular ruptures
      and 20 with additional calcaneofibular ligament ruptures in each treatment group.
      Operative repair was associated with a higher incidence of complications in the
      first weeks, and slightly delayed the patients' return to work. At an independent
      two-year review there was no evidence that operative repair offered improved
      symptomatic or functional benefit.

PMID- 6368564
TI  - Intramedullary rodding with Bailey-Dubow extensible rods in osteogenesis
      imperfecta. An interim report of results and complications.
AB  - The results and complications of the use of Bailey-Dubow extensible rods in 28
      lower limb bones of 10 patients suffering from osteogenesis imperfecta are
      reviewed. Twenty-eight operations were for the primary insertion of the rods into
      the femur or tibia; a further nine operations were needed for the treatment of
      complications. These complications included 10 instances of proximal migration of
      the distal end of the rod, one of incorrect placement in the proximal femur, four
      instances of loosening of a T-piece and three of infection about a rod, two of
      these being in one child. Most complications arose from technical faults at
      insertion. The details of technique which have evolved from experience are
      described. Only one fracture has occurred in a bone after correct placement of a
      rod. Of the 10 patients, seven of whom had never walked before, seven were able
      to walk and two others had achieved walking, but were under treatment for
      complications at the time of review. There was no evidence of damage to growth
      epiphyses. The greater technical complexity of insertion of Bailey-Dubow rods is
      well justified by the results obtained when they are correctly applied.

PMID- 6368565
TI  - Surgical treatment of post-infarction ventricular septal rupture.
AB  - The authors describe their series of 9 patients operated upon for post-infarction
      rupture of the ventricular septum. Two patients operated upon earlier than 6
      weeks following the rupture died. Of the 7 patients operated upon 6 weeks after
      the diagnosis of rupture 1 died. The risk of operative intervention is determined
      not only by the time between rupture and surgery, but also by the magnitude of
      rupture and the extent of the myocardial infarction, as well as the functional
      state of the residual myocardium.

PMID- 6368566
TI  - Basement membrane components in healing rabbit corneal epithelial wounds:
      immunofluorescence and ultrastructural studies.
AB  - The nature of the substrate that supports epithelial migration in vivo is of
      interest, particularly with respect to mechanisms of wound healing.
      Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy were used to search for common
      substrate components in prototype rabbit corneal wounds: epithelial scrape
      wounds, in which the corneal or conjunctival epithelium migrated over the denuded
      lamina densa of the corneal basement membrane (CBM), and superficial keratectomy,
      in which the corneal epithelium migrated over a bare stroma without CBM. The
      corneal epithelium moved rapidly over the CBM or stroma to cover the defect
      within 2-3 d, whereas the conjunctival epithelium required 1-2 wk. In all wounds,
      fibronectin and fibrin/fibrinogen were deposited onto the bare surface within 8 h
      after wounding and persisted under the migrating epithelium until migration was
      complete. Bullous pemphigoid antigen (BPA), a normal component of the CBM, was
      removed with the epithelium upon scrape wounding and reappeared in the CBM after
      migration was completed. In contrast, the conjunctival epithelium had a
      continuous subepithelial band of BPA out to the migrating tip. Laminin, also a
      normal component of the CBM, was not removed in the scrape wounds, indicating
      that the region of least resistance to shear stress was between the BPA and
      laminin layers. Laminin was removed by superficial keratectomy and was not
      detectable under the leading edge of the migrating cells. Laminin and BPA were
      restored in the CBM by 2-4 wk. Type IV collagen could not be detected in normal
      CBM, but was conspicuously present in conjunctival basement membrane and in blood
      vessels. Focal bands of type IV collagen did appear in the newly synthesized CBM
      2-4 wk after keratectomy. These results argue that BPA, laminin, and type IV
      collagen are not essential for the migration of corneal epithelium during wound
      healing and support the hypothesis that fibronectin and fibrin/fibrinogen are the
      common, perhaps the essential, components of the provisional matrix that serves
      as a substrate until the permanent attachment components are regenerated.

PMID- 6368567
TI  - Insulin, not C-peptide (proinsulin), is present in crinophagic bodies of the
      pancreatic B-cell.
AB  - We have obtained evidence by autoradiography and immunocytochemistry that mature
      secretory granules of the pancreatic B-cell gain access to a lysosomal
      compartment (multigranular or crinophagic bodies) where the secretory granule
      content is degraded. Whereas the mature secretory granule content shows both
      insulin and C-peptide (proinsulin) immunoreactivities, in crinophagic bodies only
      insulin, but not C-peptide, immunoreactivity was detectable. The absence of C
      peptide (proinsulin) immunoreactivity in multigranular bodies, i.e., in early
      morphological stages of lysosomal digestion, was compatible with the ready access
      and breakdown of C-peptide and/or proinsulin by lysosomal degrading enzymes,
      while the insulin crystallized in secretory granule cores remained relatively
      protected. However, in the final stage of lysosomal digestion, i.e., in residual
      bodies where the secretory granule core material is no longer present, insulin
      immunoreactivity became undetectable. Lysosomal digestion thus appears to be a
      normal pathway for insulin degradation in the pancreatic B-cell.

PMID- 6368568
TI  - Surface antigens of brain synapses: identification of minor proteins using
      polyclonal antisera.
AB  - Antigenic proteins of brain synaptic plasma membranes (SPM) and postsynaptic
      densities (PSD) were characterized using antisera raised against SPM.
      Immunostaining of brain sections showed that the antigens were restricted to
      synapses, and electron microscopy revealed staining at both presynaptic terminals
      and PSDs. In primary brain cell cultures the antisera were also neuron-specific
      but the antigens were distributed throughout the entire neuronal plasma membrane,
      suggesting that some restrictive influence present in whole tissue is absent when
      neurons are grown dispersed. The antigenic proteins with which these antisera
      react were identified using SDS gel immunoblots. SPM and PSD differed from one
      another in their characteristic antigenic proteins. Comparison with amido-black
      stained gel blots showed that in both cases most of these did not correspond to
      known abundant proteins of SPM or PSDs revealed by conventional biochemical
      techniques. None of the antigens revealed by the polyclonal antisera were
      detected by any of a large series of monoclonal antibodies against SPM.

PMID- 6368569
TI  - Widespread distribution of the major polypeptide component of MAP 1 (microtubule
      associated protein 1) in the nervous system.
AB  - We prepared a monoclonal antibody to microtubule-associated protein 1 (MAP 1),
      one of the two major high molecular weight MAP found in microtubules isolated
      from brain tissue. We found that MAP 1 can be resolved by SDS PAGE into three
      electrophoretic bands, which we have designated MAP 1A, MAP 1B, and MAP 1C in
      order of increasing electrophoretic mobility. Our antibody recognized exclusively
      MAP 1A, the most abundant and largest MAP 1 polypeptide. To determine the
      distribution of MAP 1A in nervous system tissues and cells, we examined tissue
      sections from rat brain and spinal cord, as well as primary cultures of newborn
      rat brain by immunofluorescence microscopy. Anti-MAP 1A stained white matter and
      gray matter regions, while a polyclonal anti-MAP 2 antibody previously prepared
      in this laboratory stained only gray matter. This confirmed our earlier
      biochemical results, which indicated that MAP 1 is more uniformly distributed in
      brain tissue than MAP 2 (Vallee, R.B., 1982, J. Cell Biol., 92:435-442). To
      determine the identity of cells and cellular processes immunoreactive with anti
      MAP 1A, we examined a variety of brain and spinal cord regions. Fibrous staining
      of white matter by anti-MAP 1A was generally observed. This was due in part to
      immunoreactivity of axons, as judged by examination of axonal fiber tracts in the
      cerebral cortex and of large myelinated axons in the spinal cord and in spinal
      nerve roots. Cells with the morphology of oligodendrocytes were brightly labeled
      in white matter. Intense staining of Purkinje cell dendrites in the cerebellar
      cortex and of the apical dendrites of pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex was
      observed. By double-labeling with antibodies to MAP 1A and MAP 2, the presence of
      both MAP in identical dendrites and neuronal perikarya was found. In primary
      brain cell cultures anti-MAP 2 stained predominantly cells of neuronal
      morphology. In contrast, anti-MAP 1A stained nearly all cells. Included among
      these were neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes as determined by double
      labeling with anti-MAP 1A in combination with antibody to MAP 2, myelin basic
      protein or glial fibrillary acidic protein, respectively. These results indicate
      that in contrast to MAP 2, which is specifically enriched in dendrites and
      perikarya of neurons, MAP 1A is widely distributed in the nervous system.

PMID- 6368570
TI  - Identification of coated vesicles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Clathrin-coated vesicles were found in yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and
      enriched from spheroplasts by a rapid procedure utilizing gel filtration on
      Sephacryl S-1000. The coated vesicles (62-nm diam) were visualized by negative
      stain electron microscopy and clathrin triskelions were observed by rotary
      shadowing. The contour length of a triskelion leg was 490 nm. Coated vesicle
      fractions contain a prominent band with molecular weight of approximately 185,000
      when analyzed by SDS PAGE. The presence of coated vesicles in yeast cells
      suggests that this organism will be useful for studying the function of clathrin
      coated vesicles.

PMID- 6368571
TI  - Yeast secretory mutants that block the formation of active cell surface enzymes.
AB  - Yeast cells secrete a variety of glycosylated proteins. At least two of these
      proteins, invertase and acid phosphatase, fail to be secreted in a new class of
      mutants that are temperature-sensitive for growth. Unlike the yeast secretory
      mutants previously described (class A sec mutants; Novick, P., C. Field, and R.
      Schekman, 1980, Cell., 21:205-420), class B sec mutants (sec 53, sec 59) fail to
      produce active secretory enzymes at the restrictive temperature (37 degrees C).
      sec 53 and sec 59 appear to be defective in reactions associated with the
      endoplasmic reticulum. Although protein synthesis continues at a nearly normal
      rate for 2 h at 37 degrees C, incorporation of [3H]mannose into glycoprotein is
      reduced. Immunoreactive polypeptide forms of invertase accumulate within the cell
      which have mobilities on SDS PAGE consistent with incomplete glycosylation: sec
      53 produces little or no glycosylated invertase, and sec 59 accumulates forms
      containing 0-3 of the 9-10 N-linked oligosaccharide chains that are normally
      added to the protein. In addition to secreted enzymes, maturation of the vacuolar
      glycoprotein carboxypeptidase Y, incorporation of the plasma membrane sulfate
      permease activity, and secretion of the major cell wall proteins are blocked at
      37 degrees C.

PMID- 6368572
TI  - Genes required for completion of import of proteins into the endoplasmic
      reticulum in yeast.
AB  - Yeast secretory mutants sec53 and sec59 define a posttranslational stage in the
      penetration of glycoprotein precursors into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In
      the previous report we showed that at the restrictive temperature (37 degrees C)
      these mutants accumulate enzymatically inactive and incompletely glycosylated
      forms of the secretory enzyme invertase and the vacuolar enzyme carboxypeptidase
      Y. Cell fractionation experiments reveal that these precursor forms remain firmly
      bound to the ER membrane. However, upon return to the permissive temperature (24
      degrees C), the invertase precursors are glycosylated, become partially active,
      and are secreted. Thermoreversible conversion does not require protein synthesis,
      but does require energy. In contrast to the effect of these mutations, inhibition
      of oligosaccharide synthesis with tunicamycin at 37 degrees C causes irreversible
      accumulation of unglycosylated invertase. The effect of the drug is exaggerated
      by high temperature since unglycosylated invertase synthesized in the presence of
      tunicamycin at 25 degrees C is secreted. A portion of the invertase polypeptide
      accumulated at 37 degrees C is preserved when membranes from sec53 and sec59 are
      treated with trypsin. In the presence of Triton X-100 or saponin, the invertase
      is degraded completely. The protected fragment appears to represent a portion of
      the invertase polypeptide that is embedded in or firmly associated with the ER
      membrane. This association may develop early during the synthesis of invertase,
      so that in the absence of translocation, some of the completed polypeptide chain
      remains exposed on the cytoplasmic surface of the ER.

PMID- 6368573
TI  - Association of an extracellular protein (chondrocalcin) with the calcification of
      cartilage in endochondral bone formation.
AB  - We examined bovine fetal epiphyseal and growth plate cartilages by
      immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy using monospecific
      antibodies to a newly discovered cartilage-matrix calcium-binding protein that we
      now call chondrocalcin. Chondrocalcin was evenly distributed at relatively low
      concentration in resting fetal epiphyseal cartilage. In growth plate cartilage,
      it was absent from the extracellular matrix in the zone of proliferating
      chondrocytes but was present in intracellular vacuoles in proliferating, maturing
      and upper hypertrophic chondrocytes. The protein then disappeared from the lower
      hypertrophic chondrocytes and appeared in the adjoining extracellular matrix,
      where it was selectively concentrated in the longitudinal septa in precisely the
      same location where amorphous mineral was deposited in large amounts as
      demonstrated by von Kossa staining and electron microscopy. Mineral then spread
      out from these "nucleation sites" to occupy much of the surrounding matrix.
      Matrix vesicles were identified in this calcifying matrix but they bore no
      observable morphological relationship to these major sites of calcification where
      chondrocalcin was concentrated. Since chondrocalcin is a calcium-binding protein
      and has a strong affinity for hydroxyapatite, these observations suggest that
      chondrocalcin may play a fundamental role in the creation of nucleation sites for
      the calcification of cartilage matrix in endochondral bone formation.

PMID- 6368574
TI  - Transaminase inhibitors block glycolysis and G1 to S phase progression in chick
      embryo fibroblasts: reversal by alpha-keto acids.
AB  - Two transaminase inhibitors, aminooxyacetate and cycloserine, inhibited the
      initiation of insulin-stimulated DNA synthesis in chick embryo fibroblasts. This
      inhibition was overcome when pyruvate (4 mM), oxaloacetate (4 mM), or alpha
      ketobutyrate (10 mM) was included in the culture medium with hormone and
      inhibitor. Aminooxyacetate also inhibited lactate production in insulin-treated
      cultures in the absence of added alpha-keto acid.

PMID- 6368575
TI  - Transport of hemolysin by Escherichia coli.
AB  - The hemolytic phenotype in Escherichia coli is determined by four genes. Two
      (hlyC and hlyA) determine the synthesis of a hemolytically active protein which
      is transported across the cytoplasmic membrane. The other two genes (hlyBa and
      hlyBb) encode two proteins which are located in the outer membrane and seem to
      form a specific transport system for hemolysin across the outer membrane. The
      primary product of gene hlyA is a protein (protein A) of 106,000 daltons which is
      nonhemolytic and which is not transported. No signal peptide can be recognized at
      its N-terminus. In the presence of the hlyC gene product (protein C), the 106,000
      dalton protein is processed to the major proteolytic product of 58,000 daltons,
      which is hemolytically active and is transported across the cytoplasmic membrane.
      Several other proteolytic fragments of the 106,000-dalton protein are also
      generated. During the transport of the 58,000-dalton fragment (and possible other
      proteolytic fragments of hlyA gene product), the C protein remains in the
      cytoplasm. In the absence of hlyBa and hlyBb the entire hemolytic activity
      (mainly associated with the 58,000-dalton protein) is located in the periplasm:
      Studies on the location of hemolysin in hlyBa and hlyBb mutants suggest that the
      gene product of hlyBa (protein Ba) binds hemolysin and leads it through the outer
      membrane whereas the gene product of hlyBb (protein Bb) releases hemolysin from
      the outer membrane. This transport system is specific for E coli hemolysin. Other
      periplasmic enzymes of E coli and heterologous hemolysin (cereolysin) are not
      transported.

PMID- 6368576
TI  - [Experimental study of a new technic of sutureless tubal anastomosis in the
      rabbit].
AB  - The authors have tested an original method of tubal anastomosis in the rabbit,
      which does not require suture material. The principle of the operation is the
      intubation of the ovarian tube by a silicone elastomere tube which acts as a
      guide for healing. From the 11 rabbits operated, the authors obtained 7
      pregnancies, i.e. 63,6%. The results of this series do not appear to be any
      different from the pregnancy rates obtained by other teams with microsurgical
      techniques in the rabbit. The authors conclude that their method is as reliable,
      but more simple.

PMID- 6368577
TI  - Combined gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric procedure for the measurement of
      captopril and sulfur-conjugated metabolites of captopril in plasma and urine.
AB  - A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method is described for the simultaneous
      measurement of the novel anti-hypertensive drug captopril, and the following
      metabolites: captopril disulfide dimer, S-methyl captopril, and S-methyl
      captopril sulfone. With this method all derivatives can be chromatographed using
      conventional gas chromatography of hexafluoroisopropyl esters in one temperature
      programmed run and these can then be quantitated using selected-ion monitoring
      techniques. Using urine or plasma, captopril, S-methyl captopril and the
      disulfide dimer of captopril in concentrations as low as 1 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml and 25
      ng/ml, respectively can be detected. The reproducibility of the method is
      satisfactory both within-assay and inter-assay. This technique has demonstrated
      that the pattern of urinary excretion of these compounds in both man and rat was
      similar. Excretion of unchanged captopril, S-methyl captopril and the disulfide
      dimer over 6 h in man given captopril (50 or 100 mg) chronically was 18.3%, 0.97%
      and 3.06%, respectively. Corresponding excretion of these three compounds in the
      rat following a single 10 mg/kg dose was 18.3%, 2.69% and 1.8%, respectively. A
      possible sulfone oxidation product of S-methyl captopril was not detected in the
      urine of either man or rat.

PMID- 6368578
TI  - Analysis of cortisol, methylprednisolone, and methylprednisolone hemisuccinate.
      Absence of effects of troleandomycin on ester hydrolysis.
AB  - A sensitive, selective, and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatographic
      assay for the simultaneous measurement of cortisol and methylprednisolone using
      dexamethasone as the internal standard is presented. Samples are extracted with
      methylene chloride, washed with sodium hydroxide and then water, and
      chromatographed on a microparticle silica gel column with ultraviolet detection
      at 254 nm. Sensitivity is greater than 10 ng/ml and the intra-day coefficient of
      variation is less than 5% for both steroids. The use of porcine liver esterase
      allows the quantitation of the hemisuccinate ester of methylprednisolone. This
      assay has been applied in pharmacokinetic studies including investigations of
      troleandomycin--methylprednisolone interactions. A typical plasma concentration-
      time profile for methylprednisolone and its ester prodrug is presented for one
      subject before and after receiving troleandomycin therapy. Although
      methylprednisolone elimination is reduced in the presence of troleandomycin
      therapy, there is no effect on the pharmacokinetics of methylprednisolone sodium
      succinate.

PMID- 6368579
TI  - Multiple hormones stimulate the production of somatomedin by cultured human
      fibroblasts.
AB  - Although immunoreactive somatomedin (IR-SM) secretion by cultured human
      fibroblasts has been reported, the hormonal control of IR-SM production is not
      well defined. This study concerns the effects of several hormones and growth
      factors on IR-SM production by cultured human fibroblasts. Platelet-derived
      growth factor (PDGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) had concentration
      dependent stimulatory effects on IR-SM production when added to confluent
      quiescent cultures. When PDGF, FGF, macrophage growth factor (MGF), or epidermal
      growth factor (EGF) was added transiently for 5 h and the cells subsequently
      incubated in SM-C deficient, platelet-poor plasma (SM-C-deficient PPP),
      persistent stimulation of IR-SM production occurred. In contrast, transient
      exposure to other known stimuli of IR-SM production, such as human GH, T4, and
      insulin, resulted in no stimulation. Continuous exposure of quiescent, high
      density fibroblast cultures to EGF, insulin, hydrocortisone, or T4 incubated in
      the presence of serum-free medium alone resulted in no significant stimulation.
      During simultaneous incubation with PDGF and SM-C-deficient PPP, however,
      hydrocortisone, T4, EGF, and insulin produced concentration-dependent increases
      in IR-SM production. After transient exposure to PDGF, only hydrocortisone and T4
      were stimulatory in the presence of SM-C-deficient PPP. We conclude that
      competence factors, such as PDGF and FGF, are potent stimuli of IR-SM production
      in the presence of serum-free medium, and that this hormonal signal can be
      remembered by the cell even after withdrawal of the growth factor. In contrast,
      progression factors, such as hydrocortisone, T4, and insulin, are effective only
      in nonquiescent cells. EGF and insulin require simultaneous incubation with PDGF.
      The PDGF-stimulated cell, therefore, responded differently to hormonal stimuli of
      IR-SM production than did the quiescent cell.

PMID- 6368580
TI  - True precocious puberty complicating congenital adrenal hyperplasia: treatment
      with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog.
AB  - Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a recognized cause of precocious
      pseudopuberty. Some children with CAH also develop true precocious puberty with
      early maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. We have seen four
      such children (three boys and one girl) who had the diagnosis of CAH made between
      the ages of 3 and 6 yr. These patients were treated with standard doses of
      hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone. A diagnosis of true precocious puberty was
      made because of testicular enlargement in the boys, breast development in the
      girl, progressive pubic hair development, rapid growth, and rapid bone age
      maturation. Plasma steroid levels were elevated for age, and gonadotropin levels
      were within the normal pubertal range, both basally and in response to LHRH
      stimulation. We treated these children with daily sc injections of a LHRH analog
      (LHRHa) for 6-18 months in addition to the standard hydrocortisone and
      fludrocortisone therapy for CAH. LHRHa significantly decreased basal plasma LH
      and FSH, peak LH and FSH responses to native LHRH, and testosterone levels.
      Testis size decreased in the males, and breast development regressed in the
      female. LHRHa therapy led to significant decreases in linear growth rate, ulnar
      growth rate, and rate of bone age advancement. These results suggest that LHRHa
      is an effective adjunct to hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone in the treatment of
      true precocious puberty complicating CAH.

PMID- 6368581
TI  - Deposits of IgG and C3 in the spinal cord and motor cortex of ALS patients.
AB  - Deposits of IgG and complement were demonstrated by direct immunofluorescent
      techniques with sections of motor cortex and spinal cord from amyotrophic lateral
      sclerosis (ALS) patients. Six of 16 ALS patients showed deposits within the
      spinal cord while 5 of 13 showed similar deposits within the motor cortex. The
      specificity of this staining was shown by blocking experiments and the use of
      conjugated F(ab')2. Similar deposits were found in the CNS in disease states
      associated with possible immune or infectious etiologies and were not found in
      the CNS of normal controls.

PMID- 6368582
TI  - Bonded temporary replacement for missing incisors.

PMID- 6368583
TI  - Presence of complement-fixing anti-endothelial cell antibodies in systemic lupus
      erythematosus.
AB  - Vasculitis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with the
      deposition of IgG and complement in blood vessel walls. However, it is not known
      whether immune injury to endothelial cells is a part of this process. Therefore,
      we used a solid phase radioimmunoassay to study the ability of IgG from normal
      human sera and sera from patients with SLE to bind to endothelial cells. In this
      assay, cultured human umbilical venous endothelial cells were sequentially
      incubated with normal or SLE sera, goat anti-human IgG, and 125I-labeled
      staphylococcal protein A (*SPA). After exposure to normal sera, 2.5 +/- 0.5%
      (mean +/- SD) of the added *SPA bound to the cells, whereas after exposure to SLE
      sera 13.8 +/- 7.6% of the added *SPA bound to these cells. This difference in
      binding was highly significant (P less than 0.001). Binding was partially reduced
      when SLE sera were preincubated with B-lymphocytes or monocytes, but not after
      exposure to erythrocytes, platelets, or T lymphocytes. Incubation of endothelial
      cells with the 7S fraction of SLE sera or with the F(ab')2 fragment of SLE-IgG
      resulted in the deposition of greater than 80% as much IgG as was deposited on
      endothelial cells by whole serum. However, since higher molecular weight
      fractions (greater than 7S) of SLE sera were also active, we tested the capacity
      of endothelial cells to bind IgG complexes. Endothelial cells bound heat
      aggregated IgG (HA-IgG) in a saturable manner at one log concentration below the
      binding of normal monomeric IgG. Binding of HA-IgG to endothelial cells was
      markedly enhanced by preincubation with a serum source of complement. Both HA-IgG
      and SLE-IgG also bound to freshly obtained endothelial cells in suspension, as
      detected by automated fluorescence flow cytometry. Binding of SLE-IgG and HA-IgG
      to endothelium initiated complement activation, deposition of the third component
      of complement, and disruption of the monolayer. In addition, SLE-IgG and HA-IgG
      caused endothelial cells to secrete prostacyclin and caused the adherence of
      platelets, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. These studies demonstrate
      that IgG anti-endothelial antibodies are present in the sera of patients with
      active SLE. These sera may also contain IgG complexes that are capable of binding
      to endothelial cells. The association of IgG and complement with endothelial
      cells may initiate vascular injury in SLE and other human disorders.

PMID- 6368584
TI  - Effect of beta and alpha adrenergic blockade on glucose-induced thermogenesis in
      man.
AB  - After intravenous glucose/insulin infusion there is an increase in oxygen
      consumption and energy expenditure that has been referred to as thermogenesis. To
      examine the contribution of the beta and alpha adrenergic nervous system to this
      thermogenic response, 12 healthy volunteers participated in three studies: (a)
      euglycemic insulin (plasma insulin approximately 100 microunits/ml) clamp study
      (n = 12); (b) insulin clamp study after beta adrenergic blockade with intravenous
      propranolol for 1 h (n = 12); (c) insulin clamp study after alpha adrenergic
      blockade with phentolamine for 1 h (n = 5). During the control insulin clamp
      study total glucose uptake, glucose oxidation and nonoxidative glucose uptake
      averaged 7.85 +/- 0.47, 2.62 +/- 0.22, and 5.23 +/- 0.51 mg/kg X min. After
      propranolol infusion, insulin-mediated glucose uptake was significantly reduced,
      6.89 +/- 0.41 (P less than 0.02). This decrease was primarily the result of a
      decrease in glucose oxidation (1.97 +/- 0.19 mg/kg X min, P less than 0.01)
      without any change in nonoxidative glucose metabolism. Phentolamine
      administration had no effect on total glucose uptake, glucose oxidation, or
      nonoxidative glucose disposal. The increments in energy expenditure (0.10 +/-
      0.01 vs. 0.03 +/- 0.01 kcal/min) and glucose/insulin-induced thermogenesis (4.9
      +/- 0.5 vs. 1.5 +/- 0.5%) were reduced by 70% during the propranolol/insulin
      clamp study. The increments in energy expenditure (0.12 +/- 0.03 kcal/min) and
      thermogenesis (5.0 +/- 1.5%) were not affected by phentolamine. These results
      indicate that activation of the beta adrenergic receptor plays an important role
      in the insulin/glucose-mediated increase in energy expenditure and thermogenesis.
      In contrast, the alpha adrenergic receptor does not appear to participate in this
      response.

PMID- 6368585
TI  - Influence of hyperglycemia on insulin's in vivo effects in type II diabetes.
AB  - The present study was designed to quantitate the interaction between the decrease
      in target tissue insulin action seen in subjects with Type II diabetes and the
      mass action effect of glucose exerted via the prevailing hyperglycemic state. To
      this end, euglycemic glucose clamp studies were performed in 26 control subjects
      using insulin infusion rates of 15, 40, 120, 240, and 1,200 mU/M2 per min and in
      10 Type II diabetic subjects using insulin infusion rates of 120 and 1,200 mU/M2
      per min. The results of these euglycemic studies indicated that insulin
      stimulated peripheral glucose disposal was decreased in the Type II diabetics due
      to a combined receptor (rightward shift in the dose-response curve) and
      postreceptor defect in insulin action (decreased maximal response), whereas the
      decrease in insulin-mediated suppression of hepatic glucose output (HGO) was
      consistent with a defect in insulin binding (rightward shift in dose-response
      curve). Hyperglycemic glucose clamp studies were also performed in the Type II
      diabetics at their respective fasting serum glucose levels (mean [+/- SE] 280 +/-
      17 mg/dl) employing insulin infusion rates of 15, 40, 120, and 1,200 mU/M2 per
      min. In the presence of their basal level of hyperglycemia, the noninsulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) subjects exhibited rates of overall glucose
      disposal that were similar to those observed in control subjects studied at
      euglycemia at similar steady state insulin concentrations. This suggests that in
      Type II diabetics, the mass action effect of glucose partially compensates for
      the marked decrease in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake observed under
      euglycemic conditions. However, even in the presence of hyperglycemia, insulin
      levels below 100 microU/ml had little effect and maximally effective insulin
      levels increased peripheral glucose disposal only 2.8-fold (142 +/- 7-413 +/- 47
      mg/M2 per min) above basal in the Type II diabetics, compared with a sixfold
      increase (75 +/- 4-419 +/- 34 mg/M2 per min) in the control subjects studied at
      euglycemia. Thus, the severe insulin resistance that is a characteristic feature
      of NIDDM remains apparent. Basal HGO was elevated in the NIDDM subjects (157 +/-
      6 vs. 76 +/- 4 mg/M2 per min for controls) and a high degree of correlation was
      found between the basal rate of HGO and the fasting glucose level (r = 0.80, P
      less than 0.01). The presence of hyperglycemia augmented insulin-mediated
      suppression of HGO, but did not restore it to normal. We concluded that: (a) in
      the presence of basal hyperglycemia, physiologic insulin levels exerts a
      diminished effect to suppress HGO and stimulate peripheral glucose disposal in
      NIDDM; (b) basal HGO is elevated in untreated Type II diabetics, and this may
      serve to maintain the level of hyperglycemia required to compensate for the
      decrease in peripheral insulin action; and (c) fasting hyperglycemia exerts a
      suppressive effect on HGO but does not completely compensate for the decrease in
      hepatic insulin action in Type II diabetics.

PMID- 6368586
TI  - Influence of obesity on the antilipolytic effect of insulin in isolated human fat
      cells obtained before and after glucose ingestion.
AB  - The antilipolytic effect of insulin was studied in 9 obese and 10 age- and sex
      matched subjects of normal weight. Isolated fat cells were taken before and 1 h
      after an 100 g oral glucose load. Insulin inhibition of basal and isoprenaline
      induced rates of lipolysis were determined by using a sensitive bioluminescent
      glycerol assay. When compared with the controls, the obese group showed a lower
      glucose tolerance, a higher insulin secretion, and a lower specific insulin
      receptor binding per adipocyte surface area, which would suggest an insulin
      resistant state. Before oral glucose, however, the sensitivity of the
      antilipolytic effect of insulin was enhanced 10-fold in obesity (P less than
      0.01), but the maximum antilipolytic effect was not altered. Glucose ingestion
      induced a 10-25-fold increase in insulin sensitivity (P less than 0.01) and a 10%
      but not significant increase in specific adipocyte insulin receptor binding in
      the nonobese group. In the obese group, however, neither the insulin binding nor
      the antilipolytic effect of the hormone was increased by oral glucose. After oral
      glucose, insulin sensitivity was similar in the two groups. The concentration of
      the hormone which produced a half maximum effect was about 1 microU/ml. Similar
      results were obtained with insulin inhibition of basal and isoprenaline
      stimulated glycerol release. It is concluded that, after an overnight fast, the
      sensitivity of the antilipolytic effect of insulin is markedly enhanced in
      adipocytes of "insulin-glucose resistant" obese subjects, presumably because of
      alterations at postreceptor levels of insulin action. In obesity, the
      antilipolytic effect of insulin seems normal after glucose ingestion.
      Furthermore, in adipocytes of subjects of normal weight, oral glucose rapidly
      stimulates the sensitivity of the antilipolytic effect of insulin, apparently
      because of changes at postreceptor sites. This short-term regulation of insulin
      action following the ingestion of glucose does not seem to be present in obesity.

PMID- 6368587
TI  - Familial hyperproinsulinemia. Two cohorts secreting indistinguishable type II
      intermediates of proinsulin conversion.
AB  - Familial hyperproinsulinemia, a hereditary syndrome in which individuals secrete
      high amounts of 9,000-mol wt proinsulin-like material, has been identified in two
      unrelated cohorts. Separate analysis of the material from each of the two cohorts
      had suggested that the proinsulin-like peptide was a conversion intermediate in
      which the C-peptide remained attached to the insulin B-chain in one case, whereas
      it was a conversion intermediate in which the C-peptide remained attached to the
      insulin A-chain in the other. To reinvestigate this apparent discrepancy, we have
      now used chemical, biochemical, immunochemical, and physical techniques to
      compare in parallel the structures of the immunoaffinity chromatography-purified,
      proinsulin-like peptides isolated from the serum of members of both families. Our
      results show that affected individuals in both cohorts secrete two-chained
      intermediates of proinsulin conversion in which the COOH-terminus of the C
      peptide is extended by the insulin A-chain and from which the insulin B-chain is
      released by oxidative sulfitolysis. Analysis of the conversion intermediates by
      reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using two different buffer
      systems showed that the proinsulin-related peptides from both families elute at a
      single position very near that of the normal intermediate des-Arg31, Arg32
      proinsulin. Further, treatment of these peptides with acetic anhydride prevented
      trypsin-catalyzed cleavage of the C-peptide from the insulin A-chain, a result
      demonstrating the presence of Lys64 and the absence of Arg65 in both abnormal
      forms. We conclude that individuals from both cohorts with familial
      hyperproinsulinemia secret very similar or identical intermediates of proinsulin
      conversion in which the C-peptide remains attached to the insulin A chain and in
      which Arg65 has been replaced by another amino acid residue.

PMID- 6368588
TI  - Relationship between obesity and maximal insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in
      vivo and in vitro in Pima Indians.
AB  - Previous studies have left unanswered whether human obesity, independent of
      glucose intolerance, is associated with a "postreceptor" defect in insulin
      action. We have studied the relationship between the degree of obesity (as
      estimated by underwater weighing) and the maximal insulin-stimulated glucose
      disposal rate (M) in vivo in 52 glucose-tolerant Pima Indian males. The
      relationship was examined independently of differences in age and maximal oxygen
      uptake (an estimate of "physical fitness"). The maximal insulin-stimulated
      glucose transport rate (MTR) was also measured in isolated abdominal adipocytes
      from the same subjects to determine whether differences in M could be explained
      by differences in glucose transport. The results showed that there was a large
      variance in M and MTR among these glucose-tolerant subjects. M was better
      correlated with glucose storage rates than with oxidation rates, as estimated by
      indirect calorimetry. The most obese subjects had only a 20% lower mean M and 30%
      lower MTR than the most lean subjects. The lower M in the obese subjects was due
      to both lower glucose oxidation and storage rates. There was no significant,
      independent correlation between age or degree of obesity and M or MTR. The
      maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) appeared to independently account for 20% of the
      variance observed in M. MTR was only weakly correlated with M (r = 0.36, P less
      than 0.02). We concluded that differences in M in these glucose-tolerant subjects
      must be explained by factor(s) other than maximal oxygen uptake, age, maximal
      insulin-stimulated glucose transport in vitro, or degree of adiposity per se.

PMID- 6368589
TI  - Degradation of fibrin and elastin by intact human alveolar macrophages in vitro.
      Characterization of a plasminogen activator and its role in matrix degradation.
AB  - Fibrin deposition is prominent in the histopathology of a number of inflammatory
      lung diseases. Plasmin, activated locally in the lung, can degrade not only this
      fibrin but potentially structural proteins important to normal lung architecture.
      Because alveolar macrophages are prominent in inflammatory processes of the lung,
      we examined the plasminogen activator (PA) activity of human alveolar
      macrophages. Intact alveolar macrophages from each of 10 healthy subjects
      expressed PA activity. There was no difference in activity between smoking and
      nonsmoking individuals. The activator activity was largely cell-associated, but
      under certain culture conditions, macrophages released a soluble activator into
      the culture medium. The membrane-bound activator had an apparent molecular mass
      of 52-55 kD in nonreduced sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gels, and monospecific
      antibody to urokinase neutralized the enzyme activity. Immunoprecipitation of
      [35S]methionine-labeled cells showed that human alveolar macrophages actually
      synthesize the PA in vitro. SDS-gel analysis of the immunoprecipitated material
      revealed the predominant species of PA to be structurally similar to reduced,
      active urokinase. We also examined the role of PA in the degradation of both
      insoluble fibrin and elastin matrices by live macrophages. Cells degraded an
      insoluble fibrin matrix in the presence of plasminogen whether or not the
      macrophages contacted the fibrin as long as proteinase inhibitors were not in the
      culture medium. In the presence of serum proteinase inhibitors, macrophages still
      degraded a fibrin matrix, but only if they were in contact with the fibrin. Live
      macrophages also degraded insoluble elastin only when in contact with the elastin
      but could do so even in the presence of serum proteinase inhibitors. In matrices
      containing a mixture of fibrin and elastin, cells did not degrade elastin unless
      plasminogen was added to the medium. These results indicate that normal alveolar
      macrophages synthesize and express, probably at the cell surface, a PA. The PA is
      physically and immunochemically similar to urokinase but is membrane bound. The
      PA is critical to the degradation of fibrin matrices by normal alveolar
      macrophages. Under tissue conditions where elastin is embedded within other
      structural proteins, the activator may be rate-limiting in elastin degradation as
      well. The findings also suggest that live macrophage proteolytic activity is
      relatively insensitive to the presence of serum proteinase inhibitors, suggesting
      a mechanism for proteolytic lung injury even in the presence of proteinase
      proteinase inhibitor balance in the soluble phase.

PMID- 6368590
TI  - Isolation and characterization of apolipoprotein B-48 and B-100 very low density
      lipoproteins from type III hyperlipoproteinemic subjects.
AB  - Two major species of human apolipoprotein (apo) B have been identified, apo B-48
      and apo B-100, which are the predominant forms in chylomicrons and very low
      density lipoproteins (VLDL), respectively. Due to defective hepatic clearance,
      apo B-48 containing lipoproteins accumulate in the plasma of subjects with type
      III hyperlipoproteinemia. In the present study, we have used immunoaffinity
      chromatography to separate type III VLDL into a nonretained (apo B-48 VLDL) and a
      retained (apo B-100 VLDL) fraction. To achieve complete separation, as determined
      by electrophoresis and radioimmunoassay, it was necessary to employ two different
      insolubilized anti-apo B-100 monoclonal antibodies because of immunochemical
      heterogeneity within the apo B-100 VLDL fraction. The ability to separate apo B
      100 VLDL from apo B-48 VLDL shows that the two apo B species are found on
      different particles. The apo B-48 VLDL had an electrophoretic mobility similar to
      chylomicrons, whereas the apo B-100 VLDL migrated similarly to total type III
      VLDL. Both fractions showed a concentration of particles with diameters
      approximately 100 nm, with apo B-48 VLDL being somewhat more heterogeneous in
      particle size. The two fractions were qualitatively similar in apolipoprotein
      composition but apo B-48 VLDL was enriched in apo E, relative to apo B-100 VLDL.
      Apo B-48 VLDL was enriched in cholesterol esters and deficient in triglycerides
      and phospholipids when compared with apo B-100 VLDL. The existence of
      immunochemical heterogeneity in the apo B-100 VLDL may reflect different
      functional subpopulations of particles within this fraction.

PMID- 6368591
TI  - The effects of chenodiol on biliary lipids and their association with gallstone
      dissolution in the National Cooperative Gallstone Study (NCGS).
AB  - The National Cooperative Gallstone Study was a double-masked trial conducted to
      determine the efficacy and safety of chenodeoxycholic acid (chenodiol) for
      dissolution of cholesterol gallstones. Patients with radiolucent gallstones were
      randomly allocated to either a high dose (750 mg/d, n = 305) or low dose (375
      mg/d, n = 306) of chenodiol or placebo (n = 305) administered for 2 yr. Specimens
      of gallbladder bile were obtained for biliary lipid analysis on 50% of all white
      obtained for biliary lipid analysis on 50% of all white patients at base line and
      after 3-mo therapy, on 45% at 12 mo, and on 36% at 24 mo. Among these specimens,
      20% were inadequate for analysis. For analysis of data, available values during
      therapy were averaged up to time of dissolution, study exit, or study
      termination. In the high-dose group, percent chenodiol (molar percent of all bile
      acids) increased markedly and remained high during the 2 yr of follow-up. Also,
      molar percent cholesterol decreased significantly and remained low during the 2
      yr of follow-up. In the low-dose group, percent chenodiol increased and remained
      significantly increased. Percent cholesterol saturation decreased at 3 mo, but at
      24 mo it was not different from that in the placebo group, suggesting a
      physiological adaptation to the low dose by 2 yr. 79% of patients on high dose
      had greater than 70% chenodiol. Among these, half showed unsaturated bile (less
      than 100% cholesterol saturation) while the remainder were supersaturated; in the
      former group with unsaturated bile, 23% had complete dissolution and 51% had
      partial (greater than 50% reduction in stone size) or complete dissolution. In
      contrast, those with over 70% chenodiol and supersaturated bile had only 5%
      complete dissolution. Thus, development of unsaturated bile was a major factor
      associated with gallstone dissolution. The data also indicate that values for
      percent cholesterol saturation were a better predictor of gallstone dissolution
      than molar percent chenodiol, although a high percent chenodiol usually was
      required to obtain unsaturation.

PMID- 6368592
TI  - Proteases and oxidants in experimental pulmonary inflammatory injury.
AB  - We have examined various biochemical parameters of pulmonary inflammation in
      experimental animals. Intrabronchial instillation of glucose oxidase-glucose
      (GO/G) to produce oxidants or formylated norleu-leu-phe (FNLP) or phorbol
      myristate acetate (PMA) as leukocytic stimuli induced severe acute pulmonary
      injury in New Zealand white rabbits. PMA also induced inflammation when
      administered intravenously. Each stimulus induced transudation of protein from
      the vascular space into the pulmonary tissues, and an influx of leukocytes during
      the 4-6 h period of the experiment. Pathophysiologic changes were measured by
      edema formation (transudation of 125I-bovine serum albumin), and histologic
      examination. Biochemical analysis was performed by measuring concentrations of
      potentially injurious agents in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Increased
      acid protease and myeloperoxidase levels were found in the BAL fluid after
      administration of either of the stimuli. Evidence of oxidant generation in vivo
      was obtained in two different ways. In the first, specific activities for
      catalase were measured in the BAL fluid in the presence or absence of 3-amino,
      1,2,4 triazole (AT), injected at intervals before obtaining BAL fluid. In the
      presence of AT, specific activities for catalase dropped to 0.22 after a double
      instillation of FNLP and to 0.15 in the presence of GO/G. In neutrophil-depleted
      FNLP animals, catalase was not greatly inhibited by AT (sp act 0.90). In the
      second, intracellular levels of total glutathione (GSH + GSSG) in whole lung
      tissue and alveolar macrophages decreased when stimuli of neutrophils were
      administered. Intrabronchially instilled PMA, e.g., caused a drop of glutathione
      in whole lung tissue from the control value of 2.3 mumol GSH equivalent/100 mg
      dry wt to 0.54 mumol GSH equivalent/100 mg dry wt at 4 h. Neutrophil depletion
      and superoxide dismutase protected from this effect. From these results, we
      conclude that O-2 or its metabolites can initiate severe pulmonary injury as
      shown by the effect of GO/G and that, during development of pulmonary injury,
      stimulated neutrophils generate oxidants and release proteolytic enzymes into the
      surrounding tissues.

PMID- 6368593
TI  - Mechanisms of glucagon secretion during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in man. Role
      of the beta cell and arterial hyperinsulinemia.
AB  - To elucidate the mechanisms controlling the response of glucagon to hypoglycemia,
      a vital component of the counterregulatory hormonal response, the role of
      intraislet insulin was studied in seven normal subjects and five subjects with
      insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) (of less than 15-mo duration). In the
      normal subjects, hypoglycemia (arterial plasma glucose [PG] 53 +/- 3 mg/dl)
      induced by an intravenous insulin infusion (30 mU/m2 X min for 1 h, free
      immunoreactive insulin [FIRI] 58 +/- 2 microU/ml) elicited a 100% fall in insulin
      secretion and an integrated rise in glucagon of 7.5 ng/ml per 120 min. When
      endogenous insulin secretion was suppressed by congruent to 50 or congruent to
      85% by a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (FIRI 63 +/- 1.5 or 147 +/- 0.3
      microU/ml, respectively) before hypoglycemia, the alpha cell responses to
      hypoglycemia were identical to those of the control study. When the endogenous
      insulin secretion was stimulated by congruent to 100% (hyperinsulinemic
      hyperglycemic clamp, FIRI 145 +/- 1.5 microU/ml, PG 132 +/- 2 mg/dl) before
      hypoglycemia, the alpha cell responses to the hypoglycemia were also
      superimposable on those of the control study. Finally, in C-peptide negative
      diabetic subjects made euglycemic by a continuous overnight intravenous insulin
      infusion, the alpha cell responses to hypoglycemia were comparable to those of
      normal subjects despite absent beta cell secretion, and were not affected by
      antecedent hyperinsulinemia (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp for 2 h, FIRI 61
      +/- 2 microU/ml). These results indicate that the glucagon response to insulin
      induced hypoglycemia is independent of the level of both endogenous intraislet
      and exogenous arterial insulin concentration in normal man, and that this
      response may be normal in the absence of endogenous insulin secretion, in
      contrast to earlier reports. Thus, loss of beta cell function is not responsible
      for alpha cell failure during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in IDDM.

PMID- 6368594
TI  - Evaluation of the Ca 1 antibody in the diagnosis of invasive breast cancer.
AB  - An evaluation of Ca 1 antibody staining was performed on paraffin sections from
      136 breast lesions (64 benign and 72 malignant). Although cytoplasmic staining
      was encountered significantly more often in malignant lesions, the false negative
      rate was 6.9% and the false positive rate 56.2%. Benign lesions which showed
      positive staining included gynaecomastia, cystic mastopathy and fibroadenomata.
      Various other monoclonal antibodies showed staining similar to Ca 1 antibody. Ca
      1 antibody was observed to bind to epithelial membrane antigen-coated sepharose
      beads.

PMID- 6368595
TI  - Bacteriological examination of removed cerebrospinal fluid shunts.

PMID- 6368596
TI  - Immunohistochemical detection of Ca antigen in normal, dysplastic and neoplastic
      squamous epithelia of the human uterine cervix.
AB  - Immunohistochemical staining was performed on biopsies and cytological samples
      from normal, dysplastic and neoplastic squamous epithelia using the monoclonal Ca
      1 antibody. The results of staining 92 biopsies and 20 cytological samples are
      described and it is reported that positive staining with Ca 1 antibody was
      detected in normal, dysplastic and neoplastic epithelia. The role of the Ca 1
      antibody in the study of cervical cancer is discussed.

PMID- 6368597
TI  - Renin in renal cell carcinoma--an immunocytochemical study using an antibody to
      pure human renin.
AB  - We have studied a series of 19 primary renal cell carcinomas using an antibody to
      pure human renin and the indirect PAP technique. Seven tumours contained
      immunoreactive renin. No renin was identified in seven cases of metastatic tumour
      within the kidney, but immunoreactive renin was present in two out of seven
      metastatic renal cell carcinomas in other organs. None of the subjects had
      clinical, biochemical or histological evidence of excess renin secretion. We
      suggest that renal cell carcinoma may commonly secrete renin and that the hormone
      may be biologically inactive.

PMID- 6368598
TI  - A study of the Ca antigen in epithelial tumours of the ovary.
AB  - The expression of Ca antigen in ovarian epithelial tumours has been studied by an
      immunohistochemical technique using the Ca 1 monoclonal antibody. The antigen was
      found to be present in some examples of each of the histological subtypes of
      ovarian epithelial neoplasms and was detected in benign, borderline and malignant
      tumours. It is concluded that the presence of Ca antigen is of no discriminatory
      value in the assessment of malignancy in ovarian epithelial neoplasms.

PMID- 6368599
TI  - Automated detection of micro-organisms in blood cultures by means of the Malthus
      Microbiological Growth Analyser.
AB  - A prototype Malthus Microbiological Growth Analyser was compared with
      conventional methods for examining blood cultures in a trial of 651 cultures
      mostly from patients with haematological malignancy or undergoing haemodialysis
      or renal transplantation. Of 100 significantly positive cultures, organisms from
      82 grew in the conventional aerobic (+ CO2) bottle, 78 in the conventional
      anaerobic bottle and 71 in the Malthus bottle. The differences were not
      statistically significant (p greater than 0.05). The Malthus system detected
      83.6% of significantly positive cultures earlier than the comparable conventional
      bottles while 7.3% positive cultures were detected earlier by the conventional
      system. When use of the Malthus system was restricted to the hours of 09.00 to
      17.30 daily 27.3% positive cultures were detected earlier by the Malthus system
      and 16.4% were detected earlier by the conventional system. One of the organisms
      which grew in the Malthus bottle, a contaminating Staphylococcus epidermidis, was
      not detected by the Malthus system. Instability of electrodes resulted in 26.9%
      false positive cultures with the prototype Malthus system. Contamination rates in
      both the Malthus and conventional anaerobic bottles were lower than in the
      aerobic bottles.

PMID- 6368600
TI  - Development and evaluation of a miniaturised method as an aid to the
      identification of clinically important anaerobic bacteria.
AB  - A miniaturised method for the identification of anaerobic bacteria is described
      which employs microtitre fermentation tests, a spot indole test and a nitrate
      reduction disc test. The results obtained are directly comparable with those
      produced by a standard conventional method in use at present.

PMID- 6368601
TI  - Disseminated toxoplasmosis in cardiac transplantation.
AB  - The first case of disseminated toxoplasmosis following cardiac transplantation in
      the UK is described, with details of Toxoplasma antibody tests made on other
      cardiac transplant patients. Sixteen of 40 (39%) of recipients had Toxoplasma
      antibody before operation. Eleven of 30 (37%) of donors had Toxoplasma antibody.
      The were four occasions when a negative recipient received a heart from a
      positive donor. Three survived the immediate postoperative period and two became
      infected with toxoplasmosis. The implications of this are discussed. Disseminated
      toxoplasmosis appears much more often when heart muscle from a dye test positive
      donor is given to a dye test negative recipient. Antibiotic therapy is limited by
      the fact that the antitoxoplasma drugs available are static in their effect, and
      need to be given for prolonged periods postoperatively.

PMID- 6368602
TI  - A selective enrichment broth for the isolation of Clostridium difficile.

PMID- 6368603
TI  - Pituitary adenomas producing growth hormone in acromegalic patients.
AB  - Growth hormone was shown in histological sections of 25 pituitary adenomas from
      acromegalic patients by means of the unlabelled peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP)
      technique. On the basis of the numbers of cytoplasmic granules, the cells of the
      adenomas were of two types: densely granulated and sparsely granulated. The
      densely granulated cells had abundant cytoplasm containing numerous granules,
      whereas the sparsely granulated cells had little cytoplasm with scanty granules.
      Depending on the predominant cell type the adenomas were also classified as
      densely granulated or sparsely granulated: 21 of the 25 adenomas (84%) were
      densely granulated and four (16%) sparsely granulated. There was some variation,
      however, in the relative numbers of the two types of cell from one part of an
      adenoma to another, a feature consistent with one type of cell in different
      phases of activity. There was no significant difference in mean serum growth
      hormone concentrations between the two groups, and granularity of the adenomas in
      histological sections did not therefore correlate with secretory activity. Nine
      adenomas showed extrasellar extension. The mean serum growth hormone
      concentration in these cases was lower than the mean of the adenomas confined to
      the sella turcica. Thus the size of the tumour did not correlate with the serum
      growth hormone concentration. Three of the four adenomas in the sparsely
      granulated group showed extrasellar extension, compared with 6 of 21 classified
      as densely granulated. This suggests that sparsely granulated adenomas have a
      more aggressive pattern of behaviour, but histological evidence for this was
      lacking.

PMID- 6368604
TI  - Pulmonary infiltrates in immunocompromised patients: diagnosis by cytological
      examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
AB  - Thirty pulmonary infiltrates in 26 patients were investigated by bronchoalveolar
      lavage. Sixteen of the patients were on therapeutic immunosuppression for renal
      disease or transplant and 10 had leukaemia, lymphoma, or allied conditions. A
      rapid specific diagnosis was made in 21 (70%) episodes by cytological examination
      of the fluid and in 28 (93%) by a combination of cytology and microbiology. No
      complications from haemorrhage or pneumothorax ensued. Pneumonia due to
      Pneumocystis carinii was the most common diagnosis (27%), but opportunistic
      infections from cytomegalovirus, candida, aspergillus, zygomycetes, and acid fast
      bacilli were also identified by cytology. Two episodes were caused by occult
      pulmonary haemorrhage and five patients had malignant infiltration of the lung
      from leukaemia, myeloma, Hodgkin's disease, and lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma. In
      two of these there was also evidence of infection. In seven cases with non
      diagnostic cytology infections due to Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa, pneumococcus, micrococcus, and Aspergillus fumigatus were identified
      on culture. In two patients (7%) no specific diagnosis was established by lavage:
      one had serological evidence of legionella infection and the second had P
      aeruginosa septicaemia. Twelve (75%) of the renal patients and six (60%) of those
      with leukaemia, lymphoma, and allied conditions recovered.

PMID- 6368605
TI  - Increased serum IgE concentrations during infection and graft versus host disease
      after bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - Serum IgE concentrations estimated in 25 bone marrow transplant recipients during
      episodes of infection or graft versus host disease, or both, were raised not only
      in some patients with acute graft versus host disease but also in many patients
      with infection. Raised values were not seen in chronic graft versus host disease.
      The routine estimation of serum IgE in bone marrow transplant recipients had
      minimal value because of the lack of specificity of the IgE response.

PMID- 6368607
TI  - Is enrichment culture necessary for the isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from
      faeces?

PMID- 6368606
TI  - Endotoxaemia as a cause of fever in immunosuppressed patients.
AB  - Using a recently developed chromogenic substrate assay sensitive to 10 pg/ml
      Escherichia coli endotoxin in plasma, systemic endotoxaemia was found in 52% of
      21 episodes of fever in patients with a haematological malignancy who were
      infected. Endotoxaemia was also found in 27% of 22 episodes of fever of unknown
      origin. In 45 afebrile patients neither neutropenia nor cytotoxic chemotherapy
      was a cause of endotoxaemia. Passage of endotoxin from portal blood into the
      systemic circulation can contribute to unexplained fever in immunosuppressed
      patients.

PMID- 6368608
TI  - Laboratory identification of Haemophilus influenzae.

PMID- 6368609
TI  - Metronidazole: its use in clinical dentistry.
AB  - The increasing awareness of the role of obligate anaerobic bacteria in the
      aetiology of oral disease has led to an interest in their chemotherapeutic
      control. Many drugs are capable of eliminating anaerobes but in instances where
      these bacteria are acting as sole or major pathogens it is desirable to remove
      these specifically. The nitroimidazole group of drugs is specifically anti
      anaerobic in nature and includes metronidazole, nimorazole and tinidazole. This
      paper reviews the literature on metronidazole. This drug is absorbed well from
      the gastrointestinal tract and can be detected at bactericidal levels in blood
      and saliva within 1 h of ingestion. The mode of action of metronidazole is
      unknown but thought to concern intracellular reduction of the molecule. The drug
      acts specifically against anaerobes and does not disturb the commensal aerobic
      flora; resistance very rarely develops. The dosage recommended for use in
      dentistry would appear to be very safe. Metronidazole has important interactions
      with alcohol, disulfiram and warfarin and there are contraindications to its use.
      Metronidazole has been proved to be efficacious in treating: acute ulcerative
      gingivitis, pericoronitis, certain periapical infections, some cases of
      osteomyelitis and infected socket. The drug may be of use in cases of chronic
      progressive periodontitis where anaerobes are implicated as pathogens.

PMID- 6368610
TI  - Relationship of ascorbic acid levels of blood and gingival tissue with response
      to periodontal therapy.
AB  - The effect of ascorbic acid megadoses on gingival clinical parameters and vitamin
      content of blood and gingival tissue was studied. 10 nondeficient individuals,
      carefully matched according to age, periodontal status, and oral hygiene level,
      were divided into 2 groups: one received 250 mg q.i.d. of ascorbic acid and the
      other a placebo. After 1 week on the tablet all patients were scaled and root
      planed and received oral hygiene instructions. Blood samples and clinical
      parameters were obtained at baseline and 2, 6, and 7 weeks after. A gingival
      biopsy was taken at week 6. Correlations between the clinical parameters and the
      ascorbic acid levels at the different time periods revealed no significant
      differences between the vitamin and the placebo groups, therefore suggesting that
      the use of megadoses of vitamin C in normal human subjects does not have a
      predictable or strong effect on the gingival response to initial therapy.

PMID- 6368611
TI  - Recolonization of a subgingival microbiota following scaling in deep pockets.
AB  - The present investigation was carried out to study some aspects of the
      recolonization of a subgingival microbiota following subgingival instrumentation
      in sites with deep pockets. 16 patients were recruited for the study. From each
      patient 4 inflamed gingival sites with deep pockets were selected. These sites
      were examined for plaque, overt gingivitis, bleeding on probing and probing
      depth. Samples of the subgingival microbiota were obtained and examined in the
      darkfield microscope and in a Neubauer chamber. Following the Baseline
      examination the teeth of all 4 jaw quadrants were carefully scaled and planed.
      Subgingival instrumentation was carried out under local anesthesia and required
      between 2-4 appointments. The patients were subsequently divided into 2 groups
      (Groups A and B) consisting of 9 and 7 subjects, respectively. During the first
      16 weeks of maintenance the patients of Group A were not supervised regarding
      their self-performed plaque control measures and they accumulated supragingival
      plaque. The patients of Group B, however, were during these 16 weeks recalled
      once every 2 weeks for professional tooth cleaning. In addition they rinsed twice
      daily with a 0.2% solution of chlorhexidine digluconate. Reexaminations including
      assessments of the same parameters as those studied at Baseline were performed
      after 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks. After the 16-week examination the patients of
      Group A received a new sequence of subgingival scaling and root planing. During
      the subsequent 16 weeks the patients of Group A were also recalled for
      professional tooth cleaning. They were reexamined 18, 20, 24, 28 and 32 weeks
      after the Baseline examination. Subgingival scaling followed by carefully
      supervised oral hygiene measures resulted in a marked improvement of periodontal
      conditions. This improvement was accompanied by a pronounced and sustained
      reduction in the motile segments of the subgingival microbiota. In the presence
      of supragingival plaque (Group A), however, a subgingival microbiota containing
      large numbers of spirochetes and motile rods was soon (4-8 weeks) reestablished.
      A small number of sites with deep pockets (greater than or equal to 8 mm) was not
      substantially reduced in depth following subgingival instrumentation. In these
      sites which were kept free from supragingival deposits a subgingival microbiota
      with a large proportion of motile bacteria soon recurred.

PMID- 6368612
TI  - Plaque and systemic disease: a reappraisal of the focal infection concept.
AB  - The review presented here covers metastatic local and systemic disease secondary
      to the accumulation of plaque or the formation of other pathogenic microbial
      depots in the mouth. At least 3 pathways may link oral infection to secondary
      disease, to wit metastatic infection due to transient bacteremia, metastatic
      immunological injury, and metastatic toxic injury. The available evidence is
      presented and examples are provided. They concern among others such divergent
      diseases as acute bacterial myocarditis, infective endocarditis, brain abscess,
      uveitis and iridocyclitis, trigeminal and atypical facial neuralgia, unilateral
      facial paralysis, fever of "unknown' origin, and neutrophil dysfunction.

PMID- 6368613
TI  - Juvenile periodontitis: healing following autogenous iliac marrow graft, long
      term evaluation.
AB  - A case of juvenile periodontitis treated by autogenous bone grafting is reported.
      The patient, an 18-year-old female, presented with periodontal lesions around the
      incisors and the first lower left molar. The first molar was severely affected
      with bone defects at the mesial aspect and in the furcation region and, for this
      reason, was selected for grafting. Minced fragments of bone with its marrow,
      obtained from the patient's iliac crest, were implanted into the diseased
      periodontium. 1 year after treatment, clinical and radiological inspection
      revealed the presence of bone. This bone completely filled the furcation area of
      the tooth but only partially the mesial aspect. There was, also, significant bone
      fill in the supracrestal region.

PMID- 6368615
TI  - A regulatory view of the Medicines Act in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 6368614
TI  - The relative analgesic efficacy of propiram fumarate, codeine, aspirin, and
      placebo in post-impaction dental pain.
AB  - To evaluate the analgesic efficacy of orally administered 50 mg propiram
      fumarate, 650 mg aspirin, 60 mg codeine phosphate, and placebo in acute post
      impaction dental pain, 159 patients with moderate or severe pain were randomly
      allocated to the four treatments in this single-dose double-blind, stratified,
      parallel-group study. A research nurse questioned the patients at 1/2 hour and
      hourly for 6 hours after medicating. A standard format was used to question
      subjects about their pain intensity and relief from the starting pain. Propiram,
      50 mg, produced a level of analgesia approaching that of 650 mg aspirin in peak
      effect, total effect, and duration of action and was statistically superior to 60
      mg codeine and placebo for every measure of analgesic efficacy. Several mild
      adverse effects were observed; however, they appeared to be evenly distributed
      among the active treatments.

PMID- 6368616
TI  - Distribution of enkephalin in human fetus and infant spinal cord: an
      immunofluorescence study.
AB  - The distribution of enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the human fetus and
      infant spinal cord have been studied by indirect immunofluorescence. Enkephalin
      like immunoreactive fibers were detectable in the lateral funiculus of fetal
      spinal cord as early as 10 weeks. At the other fetal ages examined, ranging from
      12 to 28 weeks, and in infant, enkephalinlike immunoreactivity was found widely
      distributed throughout the whole spinal cord. In fetus spinal cord several
      enkephalin-like immunoreactive cells were sometimes seen scattered in the
      intermediate gray region. Most of the labeling was, however, represented by thin,
      varicose, immunofluorescent fibers mainly localized in the intermediate gray
      regions, in the ventral horn and in the superficial dorsal horn layers where they
      progressively increased in number. Further, the white matter exhibited enkephalin
      like immunoreactive fibers particularly in the lateral funiculus where a dense
      punctiform immunofluorescence could be seen. On the whole, similar patterns were
      also visible in infant spinal cord. Thus, the superficial layers of the dorsal
      horn and the intermediolateral and reticular nuclei areas displayed dense
      plexuses of immunoreactive fibers. In contrast, the white matter showed only
      little labeling. In addition, no immunoreactivity was found in fetus and infant
      dorsal root ganglia. Our results emphasize the wide distribution of the
      enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the fetus as in the infant spinal cord and
      further suggest its first appearance early in fetal life, possibly at the
      embryonic stage.

PMID- 6368617
TI  - Bullous lichen sclerosus et atrophicus: treatment by tangential excision.
AB  - The bullous variant of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA) is a rare disorder
      for which there is no satisfactory treatment. A patient is reported with
      extensive plaques of bullous LSA on the pretibial skin that did not respond to
      sharp debridement, vigorous local care, or intralesional corticosteroid
      injections. Tangential partial-thickness excision of diseased tissues resulted in
      an extended remission. To our knowledge this approach has not been previously
      employed for bullous LSA, and it offers an encouraging surgical alternative to
      other therapeutic modalities.

PMID- 6368618
TI  - Acute neutrophilic dermatosis with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma.
AB  - We report an elderly man with acute neutrophilic dermatosis (AND) associated with
      a diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. This cutaneous marker of internal malignancy is
      usually associated with myeloproliferative disorders. To our knowledge this case
      is the first linkage of AND with this type of lymphoma.

PMID- 6368619
TI  - Congenital generalized fibromatosis: a review of the literature and report of a
      case associated with porencephaly, hemiatrophy, and cutis marmorata
      telangiectatica congenita.
AB  - In congenital generalized fibromatosis (CGF), fibrous nodules involve the skin,
      bone, and viscera, and the mortality rate is as high as 80% because the visceral
      nodules can significantly obstruct and compress vital organs. If the fibromas
      involve only the skin and skeleton and not the viscera, the disease is known as
      congenital multiple fibromatosis, and the prognosis is excellent. In both
      conditions, which may be variants of the same disease process, the fibromas
      resolve completely and spontaneously. There are no previous reports in the
      literature of CGF associated with cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita
      (CMTC), hemiatrophy, or porencephaly with hemiparesis, although CMTC has been
      seen in conjunction with hemiatrophy. These associations may be coincidental.

PMID- 6368620
TI  - Invasive squamous cell carcinoma initially diagnosed as a giant keratoacanthoma.
AB  - Keratoacanthoma (KA) is currently considered a benign epithelial neoplasm. We
      report a patient with a lesion diagnosed as a KA that behaved aggressively like a
      squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Similar reports are not uncommon in the
      literature. Because there are currently no criteria by which KA can be
      differentiated from SCC in all instances, we prefer to group KAs within the
      spectrum of well-differentiated SCC. We emphasize excisional surgery as the
      treatment modality of choice.

PMID- 6368621
TI  - Discrepant opacification of the internal jugular veins: indicator of innominate
      vein occlusion on computed tomography of the neck.
AB  - Discrepant enhancement of an internal jugular vein on computed tomography during
      intravenous infusion of contrast material via an upper extremity vein constitutes
      an abnormal finding. We demonstrate that the greater degree of opacification of
      the internal jugular vein on the affected side is due to reversal of flow on that
      side and is indicative of occlusion of a major venous pathway proximally.

PMID- 6368622
TI  - Reviews of the progress of dairy science: long term effects of plane of nutrition
      on the performance of the dairy cow.

PMID- 6368623
TI  - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and conception of Holsteins.
AB  - Effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (100 micrograms) and time of artificial
      insemination on fertility, were examined in lactating dairy cows at first,
      second, and third services. Inseminations were either soon after detected estrus
      (0 h) or 12 h later, and cows were given gonadotropin-releasing hormone or saline
      after inseminations. Conception at first service was not improved by hormone
      treatment. But conception rates at repeat services were improved by nearly 21%
      when cows were treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone within 30 s after
      insemination. Inseminations soon after detection of estrus (0 h) followed by
      hormone treatment resulted in the highest conception rates for all services. Time
      of the insemination (0 versus 12 h) had no effect on conception. Administering
      gonadotropin-releasing hormone at repeat services should improve conception rate
      of lactating dairy cows.

PMID- 6368624
TI  - Dental materials: 1981 literature review. Part 1.

PMID- 6368625
TI  - Gingival recession.

PMID- 6368626
TI  - Film-holding, beam-aiming and collimating devices as an aid to standardization in
      intra-oral radiography: a review.

PMID- 6368627
TI  - The restoration of Class II cavities by polymeric materials.

PMID- 6368628
TI  - Augmentation of tooth and jaw regeneration in the frog with a digital transplant.
AB  - Augmentation of a regeneration site in the maxilla of the frog with a digital
      transplant resulted in an earlier bony union but did not affect the rate of
      regeneration of teeth which still ankylosed to a separately induced bony base
      rather than to the transplanted digital bone.

PMID- 6368629
TI  - Ultrastructures of the epidermis in tinea cruris.

PMID- 6368630
TI  - Natural killer cytotoxicity of human lymphocytes in vitro. I. Cytotoxicity
      enhanced by OK-432 against a human skin cancer cell line.

PMID- 6368631
TI  - Generalized pustular psoriasis and bacteremia.

PMID- 6368632
TI  - Studies of physiological factors affecting skin susceptibility to ultraviolet
      light irradiation and irritants.

PMID- 6368633
TI  - A case of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus with a high titer of RNP
      antibody.

PMID- 6368634
TI  - The glycolipids of normal human skin.

PMID- 6368635
TI  - Reflection ultraviolet photography as surface photography of the skin.

PMID- 6368636
TI  - The meshwork structure of the dermoepidermal junction as revealed by tangentially
      cut sections in a case of pilar tumor of the scalp--has the junction many pores?

PMID- 6368637
TI  - Laboratory study of collagen wound dressing (CAS). Part II. An immunological
      study (I) immunogenicity in rabbits and mice.

PMID- 6368640
TI  - A tribute to Leonard Michelson.

PMID- 6368639
TI  - An unusual form of Sutton's phenomenon.

PMID- 6368638
TI  - Erythema infectiosum: report of an epidemic in infancy and early childhood.

PMID- 6368641
TI  - Nitrous oxide and the dental patient: a review of adverse reactions.

PMID- 6368642
TI  - Electrosurgery and wound healing: a review of the literature.
AB  - This literature review and discussion has presented evidence that some additional
      research needs to be done in this area. Particular attention should be paid to
      control certain variables: kind and type of waveform, shape and size of
      electrode, and speed of the electrode through the tissue so that meaningful
      results may be given to the dental profession. The evaluation of the literature
      seems to show that when the variables are controlled, untoward results of wound
      healing after electrosurgery seem unwarranted.

PMID- 6368643
TI  - Resin dentin bonding systems. Council on Dental Materials, Instruments, and
      Equipment.

PMID- 6368644
TI  - Amiodarone: electrophysiologic actions, pharmacokinetics and clinical effects.
AB  - Interest in amiodarone has increased because of its remarkable efficacy as an
      antiarrhythmic agent. The purpose of this report is to review what is known about
      the electrophysiologic actions, hemodynamic effects, pharmacokinetics,
      alterations of thyroid function, response to treatment of supraventricular and
      ventricular tachyarrhythmias and adverse effects of amiodarone. Understanding the
      actions of amiodarone and its metabolism will provide more intelligent use of the
      drug and minimize the development of side effects. The mechanism by which
      amiodarone suppresses cardiac arrhythmias is not known and may relate to
      prolongation of refractoriness in all cardiac tissues, suppression of
      automaticity in some fibers, minimal slowing of conduction in fast channel
      dependent tissue, or to interactions with the autonomic nervous system,
      alterations in thyroid metabolism or other factors. Amiodarone exerts definite
      but fairly minor negative inotropic effects that may be offset by its vasodilator
      actions. Amiodarone has a reduced clearance rate, large volume of distribution,
      low bioavailability and a long half-life that may last 2 months in patients
      receiving short-term therapy. Therapeutic serum concentrations range between 1.0
      and 3.5 micrograms/ml. The drug suppresses recurrences of cardiac
      tachyarrhythmias in a high percent of patients, in the range of 80% or more for
      most supraventricular tachycardias and in about 66% of patients with ventricular
      tachyarrhythmias, sometimes requiring addition of a second antiarrhythmic agent.
      Side effects, particularly when high doses are used, may limit amiodarone's
      usefulness and include skin, corneal, thyroid, pulmonary, neurologic,
      gastrointestinal and hepatic dysfunction. Aggravation of cardiac arrhythmias
      occurs but serious arrhythmias are caused in less than 5% of patients. Amiodarone
      affects the metabolism of many other drugs and care must be used to reduce doses
      of agents combined with amiodarone.

PMID- 6368645
TI  - In vivo correlation of thermodilution cardiac output and videodensitometric
      indicator-dilution curves obtained from contrast two-dimensional echocardiograms.
AB  - In previous studies, indicator-dilution curves obtained by videodensitometry of
      contrast two-dimensional echocardiograms have shown close correlation with
      measurements of blood flow in vitro. In this study the technique was extended and
      contrast indicator-dilution curves obtained in vivo were correlated with
      simultaneous cardiac output measurements determined by thermodilution in eight
      dogs. Two-dimensional echocardiograms of the left ventricle were performed with
      the transducer on the myocardium during left atrial-pulmonary vein injection of
      10 cc of a 1 X 10(-4) concentration of 30 mu diameter microballoons. A total of
      148 injections were performed at 37 levels of cardiac output (1.70 to 7.90
      liters/min) induced by alterations of left ventricular preload, isoproterenol and
      propranolol. Indicator-dilution curves were obtained from recordings of the
      analog signal of a linear videodensitometer focused on the left ventricle. Linear
      regression analysis between total area of the indicator-dilution curves and
      cardiac output yielded correlation coefficients (r) of 0.77 to 0.96 (mean 0.90)
      for individual dogs, and 0.65 for all cardiac output determinations in all dogs.
      Analysis of indicator-dilution curve area by the forward triangle-exponential
      decay method yielded enhanced individual coefficients of 0.90 to 0.97 (mean 0.94)
      with cardiac output and 0.61 for the group of animals. It is concluded that
      echographic indicator-dilution curves obtained from uniform size microballoons
      and videodensitometry may be obtained in vivo and correlate with cardiac output
      measurements.

PMID- 6368646
TI  - Anatomic-ultrasound correlations for intraoperative open chest imaging of
      coronary artery atherosclerotic lesions in human beings.
AB  - This study was performed to further validate a method for intraoperative
      ultrasound imaging of coronary arteries. Ultrasound images of coronary
      atherosclerotic lesions were compared with anatomic specimens of the coronary
      arteries obtained from open chest human subjects. The anatomic specimens were
      derived from four cardiac transplant recipients, accepted as candidates for
      transplantation because they had severe diffuse atherosclerotic disease, and one
      patient who died in the early postoperative period after a coronary artery bypass
      procedure. Twenty-six ultrasonically imaged atherosclerotic areas of the coronary
      arteries in these patients were compared with formalin-fixed and decalcified
      anatomic specimens. Specific ultrasound appearances for atherosclerotic lesions
      were observed, including 1) discrete (focal) stenosing fibrous/atheromatous
      plaques; 2) diffuse nonobstructive fibrous/atheromatous disease (detectable even
      in anatomically small vessels); 3) complete occlusion by fibrous/atheromatous
      lesions or organizing thrombus; and 4) "shadowing," an ultrasound pattern
      characteristic of significant calcification within atherosclerotic plaques. As
      part of this study, a new 12 MHz water path probe was evaluated for coronary
      artery scanning. The new probe allowed improved access to coronary arteries and
      increased detail of anatomic visualization. Both the performance of the new high
      resolution probe and the knowledge gained by the anatomic correlations obtained
      in this study should aid the development of intraoperative coronary artery
      scanning for surgical localization of atherosclerotic disease during coronary
      bypass surgery.

PMID- 6368647
TI  - Radioenzymatic assay for measurement of tissue concentrations of histamine:
      adaptation to correct for adherence of histamine to mechanical homogenizers.
AB  - Because adherence of histamine to glass is well-known, we tested for its
      adherence to a mechanical homogenizer commonly used in the extraction of
      histamine from tissue samples. During 60 sec of homogenization, 15% to 17% of the
      histamine originally present in the samples "disappeared," and the reason for the
      disappearance was reversible binding of histamine to the homogenizer. Adding
      trace amounts of [14C]histamine to each sample before homogenization and
      measuring the disappearance of radioactivity during homogenization permitted
      correction for binding to the homogenizer. This technique for correction was
      validated by the measurement of endogenous concentrations of histamine in the
      tracheal posterior membranes of six dogs (range of mean concentrations: 0.63 to
      1.51 ng/mg wet weight) followed by the measurement of known amounts of exogenous
      histamine added before homogenization to tracheal tissue samples from the same
      dogs. In the latter samples, 96 +/- 13% (mean +/- SEM) of the histamine added was
      measured by our technique. We conclude that binding of histamine to mechanical
      homogenizers may be an important cause of inaccuracy of the enzymatic assay for
      the measurement of histamine concentrations in tissue but that such binding may
      but that such binding may be easily corrected for.

PMID- 6368648
TI  - Inhibition of antigen-induced bronchoconstriction by methylprednisolone
      succinate.
AB  - We investigated whether the glucocorticoid methylprednisolone succinate mg/kg)
      could prevent antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in conscious sheep. Ten
      allergic ewes were subjected to inhalation challenge with Ascaris suum antigen,
      with and without methylprednisolone pretreatment, administered intravenously
      either 20 min or 3 hr before antigen challenge. Antigen challenge alone resulted
      in increased airflow resistance, pulmonary hyperinflation, and decreases in
      dynamic lung compliance and arterial oxygen tension. Methylprednisolone
      administered 20 min before antigen challenge had no effect on these antigen
      induced changes. In contrast, administration of methylprednisolone 3 hr before
      antigen challenge effectively prevented all the responses to antigen challenge.
      We suggest that pretreatment with glucocorticoids can attenuate airway
      anaphylaxis if sufficient time is allowed between the pretreatment and the
      antigen challenge.

PMID- 6368649
TI  - Aspirin-sensitive rhinosinusitis asthma: a double-blind crossover study of
      treatment with aspirin.
AB  - Twenty-five ASA-sensitive patients with rhinosinusitis asthma underwent oral ASA
      challenges followed by desensitization to the adverse respiratory effects of ASA.
      We then compared the efficacy of continuous ASA treatment for their respiratory
      tract disease to that of a placebo treatment during a double-blind crossover
      study. For this group of 25 patients, there was significant improvement in nasal
      symptoms and a reduction in use of nasal beclomethasone during the months when
      they received ASA treatment. Lower respiratory tract symptoms, values of FEV1,
      and the use of antiasthmatic medications including prednisone were not
      significantly changed during ASA treatment. Desensitization to ASA followed by
      ASA treatment appears to significantly alleviate symptoms of rhinosinusitis.
      However, only half the patients experienced improvement in their asthma symptoms
      during ASA treatment.

PMID- 6368650
TI  - The psychology and physiology of obesity: implications for screening and
      treatment.
AB  - This article examines the psychological and physiological concomitants of obesity
      and presents practical methods for working with obese patients. Three areas of
      physiology are covered: fat cell theory, set point theory, and dietary obesity.
      The social and emotional consequences of obesity are discussed, as are the
      psychological stages experienced by both patients and professionals during a
      typical course of weight reduction. Screening is a most important aspect of a
      program. There are several methods for determining which patients will profit
      from treatment. Recent advances in treatment include a focus on physical
      activity, improvements in behavior modification, and the development of
      aggressive methods for promoting weight loss in moderately and morbidly
      overweight persons. Finally, social support is discussed, because the social
      context in which a program is administered may be more important than the nature
      of the program itself.

PMID- 6368651
TI  - Dr. Marjory Warren and the origin of British geriatrics.
AB  - The life and works of the pioneer British geriatrician, Marjory Warren, are
      worthy of closer examination. The transformation of a Public Assistance
      Institution into her unit at the West Middlesex Hospital in 1935 represented the
      first organized geriatric medicine service in the United Kingdom. She promoted
      multidisciplinary rehabilitation and holistic appreciation of elderly patients,
      and emphasized the economic, social, and moral problems associated with their
      care. She was particularly concerned with the rehabilitation of hemiplegics and
      amputees, preventive medicine, patient responsibility, and home nursing. She
      underscored the need for geriatrics to maintain a close link with general
      medicine and its training programs. Her innovative methods, influential writings,
      committee work, and personal force were instrumental in the evolution of modern
      British geriatrics and rehabilitation medicine.

PMID- 6368652
TI  - Aggressive chemotherapy for diffuse histiocytic lymphoma in the elderly:
      increased complications with advancing age.
AB  - Twenty patients greater than or equal to 70 years of age were included in a study
      of the treatment of diffuse histiocytic lymphoma utilizing cyclophosphamide,
      adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone. These patients ranged in age from 70 to
      94 years (median 75 years). There were also 55 younger patients (age range 33 to
      69 years) in the treatment trial. There were no dose adjustments for age. The
      complete remission rate in the elderly patients (45 per cent) was not different
      from that in the younger patients (53 per cent). The overall survival in the
      elderly patients (median 13 months) was somewhat shorter than that in the younger
      patients (medians 22 months for patients 56-69 years of age and 41 months for
      patients 33-55 years of age), but not significantly different. Death during the
      first two treatment cycles from causes other than lymphoma occurred in 25 per
      cent of the patients greater than or equal to 70 years of age versus 2 per cent
      of younger patients (P less than 0.01). In addition, three other patients aged
      79, 65, and 59 years died in the fourth or fifth cycles of treatment from causes
      other than lymphoma. Thus, 30 per cent of patients greater than or equal to 70
      years of age died during therapy from causes other than lymphoma, versus 5 per
      cent of younger patients (P less than 0.01). Whether this altered ability to
      tolerate therapy in the older patients reflected decreased marrow function,
      altered drug metabolism, other effects of aging, or a combination of these
      factors is not clear. It might be appropriate to alter drug doses when treating
      elderly patients, and particular attention to supportive measures seems
      appropriate.

PMID- 6368653
TI  - Biomedical aging research in 1983: some highlights.

PMID- 6368654
TI  - Drug therapy of the aged: the problem of compliance and the roles of physicians
      and pharmacists.

PMID- 6368655
TI  - Health maintenance of the elderly.

PMID- 6368656
TI  - Unicameral bone cyst of the calcaneus. Literature review and case studies.

PMID- 6368657
TI  - Osseous engulfment of a silicone prosthesis with foreign body reaction.

PMID- 6368658
TI  - [Severe astigmatism following transfixing keratoplasty: how to attempt to reduce
      it].
AB  - Surgical treatment of astigmatism has been practised since the nineteenth
      century. Ophthalmologists' attitude has to change with respect to the problem of
      astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty. A high astigmatism must no longer be
      considered as a fatality, particularly in young patients, except in special
      circumstances to be considered case by case. Rather than waiting for corneal
      healing, and operating only some time after ablation of the edge-to-edge suture
      by practising for example a wedge resection, it appears logical to act sooner to
      benefit from the temporary flexibility of a recent scar. Initially, 5 or 6 very
      tight sutures should be inserted in the axis of the flatter meridian as a routine
      procedure. Overcorrection must be as high as the astigmatism to be corrected; the
      total correction achieved will be reduced by about 50% in the following weeks and
      will then become stable. The sutures have to be kept in position until the
      corneal scar is completely healed. Such a method has the drawback of remaining
      approximate, but this is also the case with other operations proposed at a later
      stage. It has the advantage of being simple and without risk of lasting
      overcorrection. This study was essentially a prospective and preliminary one, and
      analysis of results with more cases will determine whether this method is
      effective.

PMID- 6368659
TI  - [Fuchs heterochromic cyclitis: current concepts].
AB  - The clinical features of Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis (F.H.C.) were described
      thoroughly by him in 1906. Supplementary data was then supplied by Amsler and
      Verrey with respect to the vascular characteristics of this disease. Fuchs'
      disease is not a frequent affection and accounts for no more than 1-2% of the
      total cases of uveitis. The diagnosis is very difficult to establish at an early
      stage of the disease. Incomplete or atypical forms are frequent and differential
      diagnosis is difficult from other cases of cyclitis and/or intermediate uveitis.
      Furthermore, heterochromia is recognized with difficulty in brown-eyed people.
      The time of onset of the 3 main symptoms (cataract, heterochromia and cyclitis)
      varies considerably and the possibility that each of the symptoms follows an
      individual course at least for a certain period, cannot be excluded. Paraclinical
      and biological methods for investigating the disease are still limited. However
      immunological techniques have established the frequent incidence of immune
      complexes in the aqueous, while some anomalies in the vascular system have been
      detected on fluoroangiography of the iris. A congenital predisposition to this
      disease may explain the fact that F.H.C. is generally unilateral. Additionally it
      might explain Amsler's findings. The way to establish a link both in time and
      space between all these findings (so as to build up a unique theory which could
      explain different symptoms) is still unknown, but the so-called sympathetic
      theory and its theoretical consequences could be rejected permanently in the
      future.

PMID- 6368660
TI  - [Thrombotic microangiopathy and its ocular manifestations: an unusual
      complication of bone marrow graft].
AB  - The clinico-pathological aspect of an unusual case of thrombotic microangiopathy
      (M.A.T.) is reported in acute leukemia one year after bone marrow graft. The
      patient was first seen complaining of blurred vision in both eyes. Ocular
      findings included choriocapillaris and retinal vascular occlusions, resulting in
      bullous retinal detachments, massive retinal exudation and cystoid macular edema.
      The relationship between M.A.T. and bone marrow grafting is discussed with
      respect to the immunological disorders or graft-versus-host reaction and the role
      of irradiation.

PMID- 6368661
TI  - [A new etiology of episcleritis: nephropathies with IgA and/or isolated C3
      deposits].
AB  - Scleritis is a condition of the eye often associated with systemic diseases,
      allergy and infections. Nomoto et al. have reported the frequency of episcleritis
      in patients with IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease), a primary glomerulonephritis
      initially described by Berger in 1968. It is characterized by mesangial deposits
      of IgA, and is considered one of the most frequent nephritides in France. We
      report our study of the association of scleritis with glomerulonephritis (GN).
      Fifty-three GN patients were examined for the presence of scleritis. The exact
      type of nephropathy in each patient was determined by a renal biopsy and
      immunofluorescence studies. Episcleritis was found in 10 GN patients: in 5 out of
      27 Berger's disease, 3 out of 4 patients with isolated mesangial C3 deposits, 1
      out of 2 patients with membraneous GN, and 1 out of 5 patients with
      membranoproliferative GN. The finding of episcleritis in 18% of patients with IgA
      nephropathy is very similar to the results reported by Nomoto et al. (15%). As no
      other cause of episcleritis was found in these positive patients, the ocular
      lesion may be considered to be related to their GN. Episcleritis patient had no
      abnormal levels of serum IgA, but circulating immune complexes activating the
      alternate pathway of the complement system were present in most of them. In one
      female patient with Berger's disease and frequent episodes of episcleritis, an
      episcleral biopsy was obtained for immunohistological studies. Large numbers of
      dimeric IgA secreting plasma cells were observed in this tissue. These results
      suggest the involvement of ocular surface immunity in some cases of IgA
      nephropathy. It might therefore be useful to investigate the renal function of
      patients presenting recurrent episodes of episcleritis.

PMID- 6368662
TI  - Insulin degradation in human erythrocytes. Effect of triton X-100 treatment on
      insulin-degrading activity of membranes.
AB  - Human erythrocyte membrane has been demonstrate to possess an insulin-degrading
      activity. This activity is not due to a contamination by cytosolic factors and
      seems to be specific toward insulin. The fractionation of the erythrocyte
      membrane by Triton X-100 leads to the appraisal of an insulin-degrading activity
      in the Triton-extracted membranes higher than that present in the solubilized
      protein fraction. The degrading activity found in the extracted membranes is
      inhibited by the addition of the solubilized material. This last fraction seems
      to modulate, in the intact membrane, the whole insulin-degrading system.

PMID- 6368664
TI  - A brief review of fetal renal function.

PMID- 6368665
TI  - Preparation of the respiratory system for the early neonatal period.

PMID- 6368666
TI  - Development of the blood-brain barrier.

PMID- 6368663
TI  - Euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia.

PMID- 6368667
TI  - Fetal lung development.

PMID- 6368668
TI  - Regulation of breathing rhythm in the newborn. The role of brainstem immaturity
      and inhibition.

PMID- 6368669
TI  - Continuous in vitro maintenance of four isolates of human plasmodia in sealed
      bottle cultures.

PMID- 6368670
TI  - Vascular permeability factor (PF) in diarrhoeagenic Klebsiella pneumoniae.

PMID- 6368671
TI  - Effect of pretreatment with dexamethasone on corneal pathogenicity of Candida
      albicans.

PMID- 6368672
TI  - A preliminary report on entomological studies under PfCP in Zone-I.

PMID- 6368673
TI  - Observations on the macrofilaricidal effect of diethylcarbamazine in a non
      endemic area.

PMID- 6368674
TI  - Observations on mebendazole as a filaricide.

PMID- 6368675
TI  - On the origins of the Mendelian laws.
AB  - The two laws usually attributed to Mendel were not considered as laws by him. The
      first law, the law of independent segregation occurs in Mendel's paper as an
      assumption or hypothesis. Hugo de Vries refers to this as a law discovered by
      Mendel. This appears to be the first use of an expression equivalent to Mendel's
      law. In his paper de Vries did not associate the observable characters with
      structures having a causitive role. That was done by Correns, who transformed the
      law of segregation of characters into a law of the segregation of anlagen. The
      second law, the law of independent assortment, is present in embryonic form in
      Mendel's paper. Here the independent assortment of characters appears as a
      secondary conclusion to a series of experiments involving several pairs of
      traits. Mendel repeats the primary conclusion later in the paper but not the
      secondary one. This leads us to believe that he considered the secondary
      conclusion as of lesser importance. We note in this context that the 9:3:3:1
      ratio commonly associated with the idea of independent assortment, and attributed
      to Mendel, also does not occur in his paper. A careful reading of the papers of
      his discoverers shows it was Correns who first drew attention to this ratio.
      However, he did not formulate the second Mendelian law even though it was clearly
      implied. Neither was it stated by de Vries. Indeed, the first clear separation of
      the two laws and the naming of the second law was by T. H. Morgan some 13 years
      later.

PMID- 6368676
TI  - Our true nobility. A report from the commission on physician impairment.

PMID- 6368677
TI  - Lymphocyte enumeration: a comparison between a modified avidin-biotin
      immunoperoxidase system and flow cytometry.
AB  - The reliability and sensitivity of an indirect avidin-biotin-peroxidase (ABC)
      procedure for enumerating lymphocyte subpopulations was compared to flow
      cytometry (FC) employing direct immunofluorescence. Lymphocytes were enumerated
      by two different methods. For counting method I, which is the method of
      conventional FC, the number of immunostained lymphocytes was compared to the
      total number of lymphocytes present. The ABC procedure by method I detected a
      greater proportion of immunostained lymphocytes for all subsets tested than did
      FC. By counting method II, where the number of immunostained lymphocytes is
      compared to the total number of cells present, the ABC analysis still detected
      more total T cells than FC but the results for the two analyses were similar for
      T helper and T suppressor cells. Thus, the ABC technique appears to be a valid
      method for enumerating T lymphocyte subsets. Furthermore, as compared to FC, it
      offers the advantages of reduced cost, simplicity of understanding and
      performance, need for fewer cells, and a permanent record of lymphocyte staining.
      For these reasons, we feel that the ABC technique will enjoy widespread
      application for the identification of lymphocyte membrane antigens.

PMID- 6368678
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of mouse placental lactogen in the mouse
      placenta.
AB  - The localization of mouse placental lactogen (mPL) in the mouse placenta has been
      examined with the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) technique. Staining was
      observed to occur in the basal zone of placentae from days 10, 12, 15, and 18 of
      gestation. Within the basal zone, the most prominent staining was localized to
      the cytoplasm of the giant cells. Within the labyrinth, staining was observed in
      the giant cells in day-15 and day-18 placentae, with a greater number of stained
      cells being observed in the latter.

PMID- 6368679
TI  - Species-specific second antibodies reduce spurious staining in
      immunocytochemistry.
AB  - Spurious staining related to the second (linking) antibodies was observed in
      immunocytochemical specimens processed with an unlabeled antibody method. Some of
      this staining was suspected to result from species cross-reactivity of the second
      antibodies with endogenous immunoglobulin Gs in the tissue. Therefore, species
      specific second antibodies were obtained, and the staining patterns of tissue
      processed with such antibodies were compared with those of tissue processed with
      standard (nonspecies-specific) second antibodies. In these studies, a monoclonal
      antibody to choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) was utilized as the primary
      antibody, and a similarly prepared monoclonal antibody that did not react with
      ChAT served as a control antibody. Spurious staining that included staining of
      discrete tissue and cellular components as well as amorphous background staining
      was present in both control and experimental tissue processed with standard
      second antibodies. Such staining was virtually eliminated in tissue processed
      with species-specific second antibodies. In specimens from the central nervous
      system, for example, species-specific second antibodies greatly reduced dark
      staining within the area postrema, in the pia-arachnoid membranes, and around
      blood vessels as well as the staining of small dot-like structures within some
      large neurons. In addition, the general level of background staining was reduced
      in both adult and developing tissues, thus permitting clearer visualization of
      many positively stained structures. In peripheral tissues such as skeletal
      muscle, spurious staining of connective tissue elements was eliminated, allowing
      the observation of previously occluded ChAT-positive structures such as nerve
      fibers and motor end-plates. Thus, species-specific second antibodies appear to
      be very useful for immunocytochemistry, particularly when the primary antibody
      and the tissue to be studied are from closely related species.

PMID- 6368680
TI  - Retrograde horseradish peroxidase tracing combined with localization of choline
      acetyltransferase immunoreactivity.
AB  - Localization of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunoreactivity in rodent brain
      (AI Levey, DM Armstrong, SF Atweh, RD Terry, BH Wainer: J Neurosci 3 1, 1983)
      with a monoclonal antibody (Ab8) has been previously reported. Now a procedure
      for combining ChAT immunohistochemistry with retrograde tracing for the purpose
      of mapping cholinergic pathways is presented. Rats were injected with horseradish
      peroxidase-wheat germ agglutinin in the tongue and cerebral cortex. Sections from
      their perfusion-fixed brains were reacted with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine
      (DAB)/H2O2/cobalt acetate followed by ChAT localization with monoclonal antibody
      Ab8 using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method and visualization using DAB/H2O2.
      Double-labeled cells were visualized with black punctate staining (retrograde
      tracer) on a diffuse brown cytoplasmic background (ChAT immunoreactivity) in the
      hypoglossal nucleus and ventral telencephalon (substantia innominata-nucleus
      basalis). Conditions of fixation, histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry that
      contribute to optimal resolution for this procedure are discussed.

PMID- 6368681
TI  - Detection of herpes simplex virus infection using glucose oxidase-antiglucose
      oxidase immunoenzymatic stain.
AB  - Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infected cells have been detected in tissue culture
      and human cell specimens by an immunoenzymatic staining method using the fungal
      enzyme glucose oxidase. Infected cells from culture or human specimens appear as
      dark blue, brown, or red, depending on the tetrazolium salt used in the
      disclosing reaction, with virtually no staining of uninfected cells. The
      specificity and sensitivity of this method and of the more commonly used
      immunoperoxidase method are comparable, but the immunoglucose oxidase method
      avoids the problems of nonspecific staining by the endogenous peroxidase present
      in mucosecretions and inflammatory cells. Staining time can be reduced up to 40%
      of that necessary for the unlabeled immunoperoxidase procedure without
      compromising the quality of staining results.

PMID- 6368682
TI  - Immunohistochemical demonstration of surface antigen of human lymphocytes with
      monoclonal antibody in acetone-fixed paraffin-embedded sections.
AB  - Although the majority of reported studies have used fresh-frozen sections in
      detecting surface antigen of lymphocytes in tissue via monoclonal antibody,
      detailed histological figures can not be obtained by this method. Nor can the
      antigenicity be preserved for any length of time. A new method for detecting the
      surface antigen of lymphocytes using fixed and embedded material is presented.
      Human spleens were fixed in cold acetone, embedded in low melting point paraffin
      wax, and the thin sections treated with hyaluronidase. Anti-T lymphocyte
      monoclonal antibody (anti-Leu-1, anti-Leu-2, anti-Leu-3) and anti-HLA-DR were
      applied on these sections, and the antigen was detected by the ABC (avidin-biotin
      peroxidase complex) method. The results were then compared with those of fresh
      frozen sections. There was no great difference in detecting T and B cells or
      their subsets, but the histological figures were substantially better preserved
      in sections prepared by the present method. Furthermore, the antigenicity was
      retained in the materials fixed and embedded for more than two years.

PMID- 6368683
TI  - Methods for the isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila and Plesiomonas shigelloides
      from faeces.
AB  - Two solid selective media, xylose deoxycholate citrate agar (XDCA) and bile salts
      brilliant green agar (BBG) and an enrichment broth-alkaline peptone water, were
      evaluated for the isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila and Plesiomonas shigelloides.
      Alkaline peptone water and XDCA are useful for recovery of Aeromonas but not
      Plesiomonas, whereas BBG is satisfactory for both organisms.

PMID- 6368684
TI  - R plasmids conferring multiple drug resistance from shigella isolated in Korea.
AB  - The majority (85%) of shigella isolated in 1980 and 1981 in Korea were Shigella
      flexneri, the others were Sh. sonnei (14%) with only a small number of Sh.
      dysenteriae. Only 14 of the 459 strains of shigella isolated were susceptible to
      all 12 drugs tested, and 445 were resistant to three or more drugs. Strains
      multiply resistant to the six drugs, chloramphenicol (Cm), tetracycline (Tc),
      streptomycin (Sm), sulfisomidine (Su), ampicillin (Ap) and trimethoprim (Tp) were
      most frequently encountered, followed by those resistant to Cm, Tc, Sm, Su and
      Tp. The complete patterns of resistance to drugs except nalidixic acid and
      rifampin in approximately 73% of drug-resistant strains were co-transferred to
      Escherichia coli by conjugation, indicating that the resistance was R plasmid
      mediated. Randomly selected R plasmids conferring various patterns of resistance
      markers were tested for the incompatibility groups, and almost all of them were
      classified into Inc FII. Two of three R plasmids conferring resistance to Cm, Tc,
      Sm and Su were classified into Inc B and one to Inc FII. Two R types with
      resistance markers of Cm, Tc, Sm and Ap were not classified with our standard
      plasmids used.

PMID- 6368685
TI  - The distribution of specific phage types of Salmonella typhimurium in chickens in
      Australia.
AB  - The distribution of specific phage types of Salmonella typhimurium within the
      Australian chicken industry has been studied and documented on an Australia-wide
      and state-by-state basis. A total of 1799 strains of S. typhimurium were obtained
      from Australia-wide sources and phage typing categorized 1498 of these isolates
      into 30 distinct phage types, with the remaining 301 strains untypable. Five
      phage types, 6, 26, 31, 135 and 179, accounted for 76% of the total strains
      typed, with the remaining 24% of strains being distributed among 25 phage types.
      Of the major phage types, type 31 was restricted to Victoria and Western
      Australia, but the other types were distributed throughout Australia. In
      addition, the antibiotic resistance pattern of the various phage types was
      determined and only five of the 30 phage types showed appreciable levels of
      resistance.

PMID- 6368687
TI  - Use of micrometers and calipers to measure various components of delayed-type
      hypersensitivity ear swelling reactions in mice.
AB  - The choice of the type of instrument to measure delayed-type hypersensitivity
      (DTH) in mice, as assayed by ear swelling reactions, influences the experimental
      results. When a caliper that applies little pressure to the ears is employed, DTH
      reactions in ears of mice sensitized to picryl chloride show an early onset at 2
      h after challenge, comparable swelling at 4 h and a slow rise to a 24 h classical
      peak response thereafter. In contrast, 3 different micrometers that apply more
      pressure to the ears reveal a biphasic pattern of ear swelling reactions in mice
      immunized and challenged with picryl chloride. The early component of DTH
      measured by these micrometers peaks 2 h after challenge. Thereafter the measured
      ear thickness declines, and the onset of the classical delayed reaction is
      detected at 12 h after ear challenge. Yet another instrument, that in contrast to
      the caliper and micrometers mentioned above, applies all the pressure to only a
      very restricted area of the ear, fails to detect an early swelling reaction; the
      delayed reaction is first detected at 12 h after ear challenge and rises
      thereafter to a 24 h peak. The differences in outcome of the assays using the
      different instruments indicate that the early component or DTH reactions differs
      from the late component of DTH reactions in that the early swelling is easier to
      compress when pressure is applied by the instrument used for measurement. This is
      probably caused by the fact that the late reactions are due to a cellular
      infiltrate, whereas the early reactions are edematous in character, and are due
      to accumulation of plasma components.

PMID- 6368686
TI  - Antibiotic sensitivity of enteropathogenic bacteria isolated from patients in a
      Sharjah hospital.
AB  - In recent years widespread circulation of salmonella and shigella strains
      resistant to multiple antibiotics has become an international problem.
      Accordingly the bacterial sensitivity to a range of antibiotics has been assessed
      in vitro and recorded for the period 1979-83 for patients from the Al Qassimi
      Hospital. A total of 229 enteric pathogens from 148 children and 59 adult
      patients were isolated and studied. Most of the enterobacteria were sensitive to
      colistin, gentamicin, trimethoprim and chloramphenicol (Salmonella typhi
      approached 100% sensitivity). High rates of sensitivity were also found to
      ampicillin in S. typhi (96%) and other salmonella serotypes (85%), whilst only
      57% of Shigella species and 14% of Escherichia coli were sensitive to this
      antibiotic. Low rates of sensitivity to sulphamethoxazole, streptomycin and
      tetracycline were found in shigella and E. coli (ranging from 7 to 14%).
      Approximately 50% of S. typhi and other salmonella serotypes were sensitive to
      sulphamethoxazole and streptomycin and 80% to tetracycline. Resistance to three
      or more antibiotics was very common in shigella and enteropathogenic strains of
      E. coli (74-85%), less common in non-typhoid salmonella (29%) and exceptional in
      S. typhi strains. In general, shigella and E. coli isolates showed a high rate of
      resistance to several antibiotics, whilst S. typhi and other salmonella serotypes
      retained their original sensitivity to most of the antibiotics used in clinical
      practice.

PMID- 6368688
TI  - A simple method for immunoselective cell separation with the avidin-biotin
      system.
AB  - A new method for immunoselective cell separation is described which uses
      biotinylated antibodies and avidin-coupled sheep erythrocytes for rosette
      formation, and a density gradient to separate the rosetting from the non
      rosetting cells. The utility of the technique is illustrated by separating
      subpopulations of rabbit, mouse and rat lymphocytes. The method offers a rapid,
      sensitive and easily reproducible means for obtaining purified cell populations.

PMID- 6368690
TI  - Advantage of monoclonal vs. polyclonal antisera in a beta 2-microglobulin
      radioimmunoassay.
AB  - Unassociated human beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) and histocompatibility peptide
      associated beta 2-microglobulin produce significantly different inhibition curves
      in a competitive binding assay with rabbit anti-beta 2-microglobulin. This
      difference disallows the use of the rabbit antisera for measuring MHC-beta 2
      microglobulin complex concentration using free beta 2m as a standard. Presumably
      the close amino acid sequence homology between human and rabbit beta 2
      microglobulin results in rabbit antisera against a small number of epitopes, some
      of which are covered or conformationally altered in the MHC-beta 2-microglobulin
      complex. A monoclonal anti-beta 2-microglobulin antibody, LG1 reacted equally
      well with both forms of beta 2-microglobulin and is used to measure the
      concentration of beta 2-microglobulin in the histocompatibility peptide complex.

PMID- 6368689
TI  - A sensitive screening method of detecting anti-granulocyte antibodies employing
      radiolabeled staphylococcal protein A.
AB  - We describe an improved method of detecting anti-granulocyte antibodies utilizing
      radiolabeled staphylococcal protein A (SPA). The results of this SPA assay were
      compared to data obtained with leukoagglutination tests and granulocyte indirect
      immunofluorescence techniques. We have shown that the SPA assay is highly
      sensitive and reproducible. In addition, absorption studies confirmed that the
      assay is specific for granulocytes. The SPA assay is performed in microtiter
      plates, and requires significantly fewer granulocytes and less test sera than
      previously described techniques. Also, we have shown that granulocytes prepared
      for this assay can be separated and stored for up to 48 h. Therefore, the SPA
      assay described herein is particularly useful for screening of sera and is one of
      the most sensitive assays available for detecting anti-granulocyte antibodies.

PMID- 6368691
TI  - A highly sensitive method for the detection of cell surface antigens on
      preimplantation mouse embryos.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect H-2 antigens
      on preimplantation mouse embryos. The presence of these antigens was shown on
      early blastocysts from the outbred strain CF1. The assay consists of treating the
      embryos with purified anti-H-2 monoclonal antibodies followed by treatment with
      rabbit anti-IgG and protein A-beta-galactosidase conjugate. Removal of the zonae
      pellucidae by pronase did not change the sensitivity of the assay. However,
      longer treatment of the embryo surface with pronase eliminated the binding of the
      anti-H-2 antibodies. The embryo ELISA was shown to be more sensitive than an
      embryo cytotoxicity assay also described in this paper. The ELISA technique
      should be useful for future studies of the surface of early embryos.

PMID- 6368692
TI  - Detection of islet cell antibodies by a microcytotoxicity method.
AB  - A microcytotoxicity test for antibodies against islet cells (ICA) is described.
      Sera from patients with insulin-dependent diabetes, their healthy first degree
      relatives, and normal controls, genotyped for HLA-A, -B and -DR, were tested by 4
      different methods. Cytoplasmic ICA and complement fixing ICA were detected by
      indirect immunofluorescence with human pancreas sections, and cytotoxic
      complement dependent ICA and surface ICA were tested against murine beta cell
      suspensions. Strong correlation was found between cytotoxic and surface
      antibodies (P less than 10(-7). The technique described is appropriate for use in
      the screening of large numbers of sera.

PMID- 6368693
TI  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measuring anti-sheep erythrocyte
      antibodies.
AB  - A simple ELISA assay for detecting murine anti-SRBC antibodies of IgG class was
      developed and the variation of the results according to different experimental
      conditions was investigated. Erythrocytes were left to settle in flexible plastic
      microtiter plates, after which they were fixed with glutaraldehyde and the
      remaining binding sites in the plates saturated with ovalbumin. Serum or
      monoclonal IgG antibodies were then allowed to react with the erythrocytes.
      Protein A coupled to alkaline phosphatase caused a color change in the
      subsequently added enzyme substrate. The results proved to be of good
      reproducibility, specificity and sensitivity. The assay can be used for measuring
      IgG concentration, estimating antibody avidity and number of antigenic
      determinants on the SRBC, as well as screening IgG anti-SRBC hybridomas. The
      precision of concentration estimates was very good when standard curves were
      used.

PMID- 6368694
TI  - A new ultra-microculture system. I. Stimulation of human T lymphocytes by
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA).
AB  - We have developed an ultra-microtechnique for culturing lymphocytes in glass
      capillary tubes at a final culture volume of 1 microliter or 2 microliter. The
      advantage of the method is that a substantially lower number of cells and minute
      amounts of culture medium are required. The cultures are premixed in microtubes,
      sucked into glass capillary tubes and incubated for an appropriate culture
      period. For determination of [3H]thymidine ([3H]TdR) incorporation, the cells are
      transferred into the wells of microtiter plates. Some special accessories have
      been developed which allow routine use of this system for large numbers of
      cultures. Optimal culture conditions for stimulation of human T lymphocytes by
      PHA are described.

PMID- 6368695
TI  - Detection of IgA antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus-associated antigens by ELISA.
AB  - The detection of IgA antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated viral
      capsid antigen (VCA) and early antigens (EA) is of diagnostic and prognostic
      importance for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). An ELISA for the
      determination of serum IgG antibodies to these antigens has been developed which
      uses the double antibody method. 136 sera obtained from healthy donors and
      patients with non-EBV related tumors and lymphomas were tested by ELISA; only 3
      sera, from patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia and
      Burkitt-like lymphoma, contained antibodies of IgA class to VCA and EA. Ninety
      five sera from patients suspected of having NPC were tested. IgA anti-VCA was
      found in 28 sera (29.5%), 12 of which also contained IgA anti-EA. The assays
      described are suitable for diagnosis and follow-up of patients with EBV
      associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Furthermore, isolated EA components may be
      tested for their reactivity with IgA antibodies, as was shown for the 60 kDa
      polypeptide associated with the EA complex.

PMID- 6368696
TI  - Immunohistochemistry on semi-thin sections of hydroxypropyl methacrylate embedded
      tissues.
AB  - Hydroxypropyl methacrylate formulations for embedding hard or soft tissues are
      described. Dehydration, infiltration and embedding are carried out at 0-4 degrees
      C. Semi-thin serial sections may be stained by various techniques, including
      immunohistochemical and enzyme histochemical procedures. Lymphoid tissues and the
      detection of surface antigens may present some special problems, however, and
      these are discussed.

PMID- 6368697
TI  - Alien antigens on tumour cells revisited.
AB  - New findings on the detection of alien histocompatibility antigens (AHA) on
      tumour cells are reviewed. Three points are discussed, namely: (1) isolation and
      molecular characterization of AHA; (2) frequency of expression of AHA by tumour
      cells, and (3) mechanisms of expression of AHA. Mechanisms of expressions of AHA
      are particularly discussed in the light of the recent advances in the
      understanding of the molecular genetic organization of H-2 antigens. Gene
      conversion involving coding or non-coding sequences might be responsible for the
      appearance of unexpected H-2 determinants on cancer cells.

PMID- 6368698
TI  - Langerhans cells react with pan-leukocyte monoclonal antibody: ultrastructural
      documentation using a live cell suspension immunoperoxidase technique.
AB  - Langerhans cells are generally regarded as members of an Ia+ dendritic cell
      system capable of potent accessory cell function in immune responses. While it
      has been shown that murine Langerhans cells are bone marrow-derived, the
      ontogenic relationships among human Langerhans cells, other dendritic cells,
      macrophages, and leukocytes in general have yet to be fully clarified. Recently,
      several pan-leukocyte monoclonal antibodies have been produced which react with
      the human leukocyte common antigen. This antigen resembles the murine T200
      antigen and is expressed by all leukocyte subtypes but not by nonhematopoietic
      cells. Using an immunoperoxidase technique for staining suspensions of live skin
      cells, we have documented Langerhans cell reactivity with pan-leukocyte
      monoclonal antibody L3B12 at the ultrastructural level. Reactivity with this
      highly sensitive and specific pan-leukocyte marker supports the concept of the
      human Langerhans cell as a specialized form of bone marrow-derived mononuclear
      leukocyte and defines an immunologic feature common to dendritic cells,
      macrophages, and leukocytes that is not shared by other cell types. This finding
      is discussed in the context of other recent data concerning the immunologic
      phenotype of Langerhans cells. Since the immunoultrastructural method employed
      does not require cell fixation of any kind prior to immunologic staining, it
      should prove particularly useful for studying cell surface antigens that are
      adversely affected by fixation.

PMID- 6368699
TI  - Regional variation in the expression of bullous pemphigoid antigen and location
      of lesions in bullous pemphigoid.
AB  - The expression of bullous pemphigoid (BP) antigen in different locations on the
      body was estimated from the highest dilution of BP sera giving a positive
      reaction at a site by indirect immunofluorescence. Three sera with high titers
      (640-1280) of BP antibodies against monkey and guinea pig esophagus were reacted
      with 46 specimens of normal human skin. There was marked variation in the
      expression of BP antigen in skin obtained from different sites. The greatest
      expression of BP antigen was in skin obtained from the flexor surfaces of the
      arm, leg, and thigh. All specimens from these sites reacted with high dilutions
      (1:640-1:2560) of BP antibodies. BP antigen was expressed least in skin specimens
      from scalp, face, and extensor surface of the arm. No BP antigen could be
      demonstrated in 17% of specimens from these locations and the remainder reacted
      only with low dilutions (1:40-1:160) of BP antibodies. Skin from trunk, knee, and
      extensor thigh had intermediate amounts of BP antigen. Similar results were seen
      with all 3 BP sera. Similar reactions were observed in multiple skin specimens
      obtained from different sites in the same individual. Of note is that the
      greatest expression of BP antigen was in areas commonly involved in this disease
      (flexural surfaces), whereas the least was seen in areas (scalp, face, extensor
      arm) which are rarely involved. The apparent correlation between the expression
      of BP antigen and the location of lesions in bullous pemphigoid, suggests that BP
      antigen expression may play a role in the distribution of skin lesions in this
      disease.

PMID- 6368700
TI  - Localization of preformed, circulating immune complexes in murine skin.
AB  - The cutaneous localization of intravenously injected preformed immune complexes
      was examined in C57B1/6J mice and the importance of complex size and antibody
      charge was assessed for deposition and persistence in cutaneous structures. After
      a single intravenous bolus, large-latticed complexes deposited transiently in an
      interstitial extravasated pattern, and persisted longer in a vascular pattern.
      Small-latticed complexes, prepared at 50 times antigen excess, did not deposit.
      When large-latticed complexes were prepared with reduced and alkylated
      antibodies, their vascular deposition was similar, but they did not localize in
      the interstitium due to decreased extravasation. Large-latticed complexes
      prepared with cationized antibodies deposited in a vascular and interstitial
      pattern as well as at the dermal-epidermal junction. Complexes prepared with
      anionized antibodies deposited comparable to unaltered complexes. Cutaneous
      deposition of circulating immune complexes in mice requires a large lattice.
      Circulating immune complexes formed with cationic antibodies deposit at the
      dermal-epidermal junction.

PMID- 6368701
TI  - Morphologic investigations on the rebound phenomenon after corticosteroid-induced
      atrophy in human skin.
AB  - Cutaneous atrophy was induced on the forearms of 4 volunteers by continuous
      occlusive application of clobetasol-17-propionate for 6 weeks, after which time
      the steroid was discontinued. Epidermal and dermal changes during the subsequent
      rebound "flare" were monitored for 2 weeks by light and transmission electron
      microscopy. An exuberant hyperplasia characterized the epidermal response. Within
      2 days poststeroid, most basal cells displayed fine structural features typical
      of highly proliferating cells. "Dark"-staining keratinocytes appeared in large
      numbers 4 days poststeroid, preceding a 4-fold maximal increase of viable
      epidermal thickness which occurred at 7 days. The stratum corneum, initially very
      thin, increased markedly in thickness and displayed the typical basket-weave
      appearance. By 14 days, Langerhans cells, which were absent immediately
      poststeroid, were again present. At this time, the epidermis returned to a nearly
      normal state. Dermal restitution was similarly rapid. Initially, fibroblasts
      appeared very active as evidenced by widely dilated endoplasmic reticulum filled
      with flocculent material. Ground substance increased continuously, reaching
      normal levels by 14 days. An increase in postcapillary venules was noted during
      the rebound flare. Swift epidermal and dermal changes are evidence that topical
      corticosteroids are rapidly cleared from the skin. The vigorous epidermal
      hyperplasia reflects repair of the atrophic, suppressed epidermis as well as a
      response to desiccation consequent to the loss of the stratum corneum.

PMID- 6368702
TI  - Neutrophils in psoriasis.

PMID- 6368703
TI  - Clonal growth of human megakaryocytic progenitor cells in a micro-agar culture
      system: simultaneous proliferation of megakaryocytic, granulocytic, and erythroid
      progenitor cells (CFU-M, CFU-C, BFU-E) and T-lymphocytic colonies (CFU-TL).
AB  - A simple and reproducible micro-agar culture technique for cloning human CFU-M is
      described. Human bone marrow mononuclear cells were suspended in agar and
      incubated for 12 days. Stimulation was provided by the direct addition of
      phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P), erythropoietin (Epo) and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME)
      to the liquid overlayer. A shift from BFU-E and CFU-C proliferation to CFU-M and
      CFU-TL was observed with increasing PHA concentrations. Under optimal conditions
      (PHA 50 micrograms, Epo 1.2 IU, 2-ME 2 x 10(-4) M, 1% purified BSA, 0.04% human
      transferrin, saturated with Fe C13) a linear relationship between colonies formed
      and plated cell number were observed. For the routine morphological analysis, the
      whole agar layers were stained using the Pappenheim method. For further
      characterization of CFU-M, cytochemical stainings and immunofluorescence tests
      with rabbit-antihuman factor VIII-related antigen were performed on the whole
      agar layers.

PMID- 6368704
TI  - Cytogenetic studies in dogs after total body irradiation and allogeneic
      transfusion with cryopreserved blood mononuclear cells: observations in long-term
      chimeras.
AB  - Cytogenetic studies were performed on two dog groups after total body irradiation
      and allogeneic transfusion with cryopreserved blood mononuclear cells. The first
      group of dogs was transfused with unseparated leukocytes and suffered from graft
      versus-host disease (GvHD). Cytogenetic studies demonstrated only cells of donor
      origin in all dogs of this group. The second group of animals was transfused with
      fraction 2 of a discontinuous albumin gradient. The dogs of this group did not
      develop GvHD, and the cytogenetic studies showed the presence of a mosaic of
      cells from donor and recipient origin in all of them. These results suggest that
      the GvHD may suppress autochthonous regeneration.

PMID- 6368705
TI  - [Effects of pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass on carbohydrate and lipid
      metabolism].

PMID- 6368706
TI  - [2-step sternal closure following open heart surgery in infants].

PMID- 6368707
TI  - [Recent research on metabolic activation of vitamin D].

PMID- 6368708
TI  - [Mechanism of the transport of cytoplasmically synthesized mitochondrial
      enzymes].

PMID- 6368709
TI  - [Induction of differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells by 1 alpha, 25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3].

PMID- 6368710
TI  - [Clinical trials with high dose methotrexate/citrovorum factor rescue therapy in
      adult patients with hematopoietic malignancies and solid tumors].

PMID- 6368712
TI  - Systemic sclerosis.

PMID- 6368711
TI  - Chemonucleolysis.

PMID- 6368713
TI  - Functional characterization of lymphokines from the EL-4 T cell line that
      activate macrophages for nonspecific tumor cytotoxicity.
AB  - Culture fluids from a phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated EL-4 thymoma cell line
      were previously found to activate mouse macrophages to become nonspecifically
      tumoricidal. By gel filtration, 23,000- and 45,000-MW peaks were identified. In
      this study we compared EL-4 culture fluid activity with that obtained from
      antigen-stimulated mouse spleen cells. By four criteria, functional activity from
      the two sources was comparable: 1) Macrophage activation could be separated
      temporally into two steps, priming and triggering. 2) Macrophages activated by
      the fluids exhibited peak cytotoxic activity within 5-9 hr; no cytotoxic activity
      was demonstrable if addition of target cells was delayed 14 hr. 3) Mouse
      peritoneal exudate macrophages, but not resident macrophages, became cytotoxic
      after a 5-hr incubation with culture fluids. 4) Macrophages from certain strains
      of mice were incapable of activation; the same pattern of strain unresponsiveness
      was observed with both EL-4 and spleen cell culture fluids. Thus, it is likely
      that the two EL-4 products and the mouse spleen cell lymphokine activate the same
      cytotoxic mechanism.

PMID- 6368714
TI  - Radioisotopic method for the measurement of lipolysis in small samples of human
      adipose tissue.
AB  - To facilitate the study of adrenoreceptor response in small needle biopsy samples
      of human subcutaneous adipose tissue, we developed a dual radioisotopic technique
      for measuring lipolysis rate. Aliquots (20-75 mg) of adipose tissue fragments
      were incubated in a buffered albumin medium containing [3H]palmitate and
      [14C]glucose, each of high specific activity. In neutral glycerides synthesized
      in this system, [14C]glucose is incorporated exclusively into the glyceride
      glycerol moiety and 3H appears solely in the esterified fatty acid. Alpha-2 and
      beta-1 adrenoreceptor activation of tissue incubated in this system does not
      alter rates of 14C-labeled glyceride accumulation, but does produce a respective
      increase or decrease in the specific activity of fatty acids esterified into
      newly synthesized glycerides. This alteration in esterified fatty acid specific
      activity is reflected in the ratio of 14C:3H in newly synthesized triglycerides
      extracted from the incubated adipose tissue. There is a high correlation (r =
      0.90) between the 14C:3H ratio in triglycerides and the rate of lipolysis as
      reflected in glycerol release into the incubation medium. The degree of
      adrenoreceptor activation by various concentrations of lipolytic and anti
      lipolytic substances can be assessed by comparing this ratio in stimulated tissue
      to that characterizing unstimulated tissue or the incubation medium. This
      technique permits the study of very small, unweighed tissue biopsy fragments, the
      only limitation on sensitivity being the specific activity of the medium glucose
      and palmitate. It is, therefore, useful for serial examinations of adipose tissue
      adrenoreceptor dose-response characteristics under a variety of clinical
      circumstances.

PMID- 6368716
TI  - The ancestors we never knew.

PMID- 6368715
TI  - Adipose tissue and cholesterol metabolism.
AB  - Adipose tissue in man is a major site for cholesterol storage. In obesity over
      half of total body cholesterol may reside within this tissue; however, relatively
      little attention has been directed toward understanding the cholesterol
      metabolism and its relationship to whole body cholesterol homeostasis in this
      tissue. In this review the factors which influence cholesterol storage are
      discussed, with particular emphasis on the effects of diet and drug treatment in
      both animals and man. The uptake, synthesis, and mobilization of adipose tissue
      cholesterol appears to be mediated and/or regulated, as in other tissues, by the
      plasma lipoproteins, and these processes are examined with regard to both normal
      and pathologic states.

PMID- 6368717
TI  - Recent developments in nosocomial infections and their control.
AB  - Hospital epidemiology has advanced as a discipline largely because of
      contributions from government and certifying agencies, and from recognition that
      nosocomial infections are unique and require specialized attention. A modern
      infection control program should consist of surveillance, outbreak investigation,
      consultative services, education, and research activities. Guidance for program
      development may be obtained from an institution such as the Centers for Disease
      Control. This agency has provided standardized definitions as well as guidelines
      for care. An effective infection control program can improve the understanding
      and prevention of hospital-acquired infections.

PMID- 6368718
TI  - New concepts in medical bacteriology.
AB  - Traditional tests employed in a clinical microbiology laboratory for speciation
      of bacteria rely upon the presence of one or more gene products (biochemical
      profile) from a population of bacterial cells. These traits have been stable over
      a relatively long period of time, and the techniques have served us well. Current
      technology allows for modification and potential improvement of this system. By
      chemically separating DNA strands and employing recombinant DNA techniques,
      direct identification of bacteria becomes possible. These methods can be adapted
      directly to the clinical setting. In addition, specific gene products yield
      clinical disease; monoclonal antibodies directed against these products may
      speciate a bacterium indirectly through a unique gene product. Specific gene
      products also provide markers for epidemiologic investigation. All these
      technologies should find frequent clinical application in the next several years.
      The discoveries a century ago that germs cause infection and that different germs
      cause different infections prompted the development of a system of taxonomy for
      pathogenic microbes. It then became apparent that the identity of the germ
      infecting a patient could tell us more about his or her diagnosis and prognosis
      than could all of the clinical skills accumulated up to that time.

PMID- 6368719
TI  - Recent developments in antimicrobial therapy with beta-lactam antibiotics.
AB  - There are three new penicillin and three new cephalosporin compounds available in
      the United States. All have been developed via biochemical manipulation of the
      beta-lactam ring and its adjacent chemical groups. The antibacterial spectrum of
      activity has been greatly expanded. Each of the six new agents has a unique
      antimicrobial profile which mandates independent evaluation. Therapeutic use of
      these drugs, particularly in treatment of gram-negative meningitis, has yielded
      success rates not previously witnessed. Application of these antibiotics as
      prophylactic agents for surgical procedures remains controversial. Guidelines are
      offered to distinguish one agent from another based on antimicrobial,
      pharmacokinetic and toxicologic properties.

PMID- 6368720
TI  - [Problems posed by therapeutic trials in vascular acrosyndromes].
AB  - Vascular acrosyndromes are mainly subjective clinical phenomena that are
      difficult to classify, are related to the patient's background, and require a
      particularly strict protocol for the evaluation of their therapy. An essential
      criterion is the homogeneity of groups treated, the Raynaud's phenomenon having
      to be separated into idiopathic Raynaud's disease, digital arteritis and
      scleroderma. Functional subjective disturbances have to be rated by the patients
      themselves, while taking into account the conditions of daily life and of
      climate. Clinical trials must be double-blind against placebo after a pre
      inclusion study. They must be conducted entirely during cold spells for Raynaud's
      phenomena. Static measurements are of limited value amongst functional
      exploratory techniques, dynamic tests (vascular reactivity to cold) providing
      more valid data on the action of medication.

PMID- 6368721
TI  - [Numeric angiography: theoretical basis and practical realization].
AB  - Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is a new technique for non-invasive
      visualization of the cardio-vascular system. The digitalization allows the post
      processing of the images without loss of information. We can predict that DSA
      will replaced conventional angiography in many indications.

PMID- 6368722
TI  - [Current applications of numeric angiography in the study of cervico-cerebral
      vessels, the aorta, pulmonary vessels and following vascular surgery].
AB  - Numeric angiography is an examination of choice for studying the thoraco
      abdominal aorta, whatever the underlying pathological condition, and is often the
      only angiographic investigation useful and necessary for deciding on therapy in
      cases of aneurysm. In contrast, results are unsuccessful in approximately 15% of
      cases when neck vessels are studied. Significant lesions nearly always produce
      sufficient information for the decision as to therapy to be made. Vascular
      surgery follow up is an excellent indication for numeric angiography, whatever
      the surgical technique used or the anatomic site involved. Reliable data can be
      obtained from pulmonary vessels by the use of this method in patients with
      pulmonary embolism, arteriovenous malformations, and abnormal venous return.

PMID- 6368723
TI  - [Advantages and current limitations of numeric angiography].
AB  - Numeric angiography possesses the definite advantages of diminished risks when
      compared with conventional arteriography, and marked reliability when used for
      valid indications. It is also economically interesting since hospitalization is
      avoided. Limitations of the method are currently related to technical and data
      processing problems. Insufficient size of the brilliance amplifiers means that
      several injections of contrast medium are necessary, with increased risks in some
      patients. Image resolution is insufficient with currently available matrices to
      study small vessels. The rate of image production, originally insufficient, now
      with modern equipment enables mobile structures such as the heart to be studied.

PMID- 6368724
TI  - Computed tomography of the chest: current indications.

PMID- 6368725
TI  - Off hours: the doctor is an engineer (J. Donald Fite).

PMID- 6368726
TI  - Productivity-based relative value units for radiology procedures. A Delphi
      approach.
AB  - This paper presents a methodology to develop relative value units (RVUs) for
      radiology procedures. The RVUs were developed to measure and to monitor the
      productivity of radiologists and technologists in a large HMO. In all, 13
      radiologists and 33 technologists participated in a Delphi process to develop
      relative weights for 595 procedures in eight different radiology modalities,
      including CAT scanner and ultrasound. The RVUs generated were readily accepted by
      the users and are currently being implemented in the computerized information
      system at the HMO.

PMID- 6368727
TI  - Aspergillus terreus endocarditis--a case report.

PMID- 6368728
TI  - Gonadal steroid modulation of naloxone-induced LH secretion in the rat.
AB  - The effect of acute administration of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone
      hydrochloride (5 mg/kg, s.c.) on plasma LH levels was evaluated in female and
      male rats 24, 36 and 48 h and 1, 3 and 5 weeks after gonadectomy and in 5-week
      gonadectomized rats after acute or chronic (2 weeks) administration of oestradiol
      benzoate (OB, 10 micrograms/rat per day, s.c.), testosterone propionate (TP, 150
      micrograms/rat, s.c.) or dihydrotestosterone propionate (DHT, 150 micrograms/rat,
      s.c.) respectively. Concurrent evaluation of plasma LH after administration of LH
      releasing hormone (LHRH, 1 microgram/kg, i.p.) was performed in the same
      experimental groups. In rats of both sexes, a significant rise in plasma LH after
      naloxone was observed in sham-operated and recently gonadectomized rats (24-48
      h); in female rats 36 and 48 h after gonadectomy the rise was higher than in
      controls. One, 3 and 5 weeks after gonadectomy, naloxone failed to stimulate LH
      release in both female and male rats. In gonadectomized rats undergoing steroid
      replacement therapy, OB administered 72 h before testing, TP (16 and 72 h) and
      DHT (16 h) were the most effective in reinstituting the LH response to naloxone.
      Chronic administration of gonadal steroids did not restore normal LH
      responsiveness to naloxone. In most experimental groups, LH responses after
      naloxone were clearly unrelated to pituitary LH responsiveness to LHRH, which
      indicates that the opioid antagonist was acting via the central nervous
      system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6368729
TI  - Development of a microtitre plate enzyme immunoassay for the determination of
      progesterone.
AB  - A rapid, solid-phase microtitre plate enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for progesterone
      is described using progesterone 3-O-carboxymethyloxime-horseradish peroxidase as
      the label and an antiserum raised in rabbits to a progesterone 11 alpha
      hemisuccinyl-bovine serum albumin immunogen. A competitive reaction was used with
      a reaction time of 2 h. Antibody-bound and free steroid were separated in a
      simple washing step of the antibody-adsorbed well surface. 2,2'-Azino-di-(3
      ethylbenzthiazoline sulphonic acid) diammonium salt was used as the substrate
      with a reaction time of 1 h. A lower limit of sensitivity of 0.25 pg/well was
      obtained with the response being linear (logit/log) through 1000 pg/well. Results
      obtained by EIA and radioimmunoassay in several species gave excellent agreement
      (r = 0.98). This assay system allows accurate determination of progesterone in
      plasma with good specificity, precision and accuracy, and is suitable for the
      rapid assessment of luteal function and reproductive status in both clinical and
      research situations in a wide variety of species.

PMID- 6368730
TI  - Pituitary and gonadal response to LH releasing hormone administration in the
      female and male cheetah.
AB  - Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH, 50 micrograms) or saline was
      administered (i.m.) to adult female and male cheetahs under anaesthesia to
      evaluate pituitary and gonadal response. Serum LH levels did not fluctuate over a
      120-min sampling period in saline-treated animals. Serum LH concentrations were
      raised (P less than 0.05) in both female and male cheetahs after LHRH injection,
      the temporal response being similar to previously reported results in
      unanaesthetized, domestic carnivores. The magnitude of the LHRH-induced LH
      response was sex-dependent. Over a 120-min post-injection period both saline
      control and LHRH-induced LH levels were about twofold greater in males than
      females. Although LHRH had no acute influence on ovarian oestradiol-17 beta
      production in the female, serum testosterone levels were raised (P less than
      0.05) in male cheetahs by 60 min after treatment. This study (1) provides
      introductory endocrine information on the cheetah, an endangered species, and (2)
      indicates that exogenous LHRH is effective in acutely altering pituitary (female)
      and pituitary/gonadal (male) function in an anaesthetized, non-domestic felid.

PMID- 6368731
TI  - Effect of changes in litter size at mid-lactation on lactation in rats.
AB  - The effect of altering the number of pups per litter from ten to two or two to
      ten at day 14 of lactation in rats was investigated. Reducing litter size had no
      effect on the daily live weight gain whereas increasing the litter size resulted
      in an initial weight loss followed by an impaired weight gain. Maternal food
      consumption decreased to values appropriate for rats feeding two pups within 2
      days after litter reduction, but required at least 5 days after the increase in
      litter size to increase to values appropriate for rats feeding large litters from
      parturition. Altering the litter size resulted in maternal serum insulin
      concentrations that were intermediate between those expected for rats feeding two
      or ten pups from parturition. Maternal serum prolactin concentrations increased
      after litter sizes were increased and decreased initially after litter reduction
      before being restored to normal levels. The activities of the lipogenic enzymes,
      fatty acid synthase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 'malic' enzyme in the
      mammary gland all decreased within 72 h of litter reduction to levels appropriate
      for rats feeding two pups. Although all three enzymes increased in activity after
      litter size increase, only fatty acid synthase had reached values appropriate for
      rats feeding ten pups by 72 h.

PMID- 6368732
TI  - Induction of germinal vesicle breakdown in Xenopus laevis oocytes: synergistic
      action of progesterone and insulin.
AB  - Progesterone is the hormone that reinitiates the meiotic division of amphibian
      oocytes and insulin and insulin-like growth factors are also active on
      defolliculated oocytes in vitro. We have studied Xenopus laevis oocytes (stage 5
      6) of different hormonal sensitivities, obtained from unstimulated and from human
      chorionic gonadotrophin-stimulated females. Some oocytes from unstimulated
      females were also precultured with a subthreshold level of progesterone. A dose
      dependent potentiating effect of the action of progesterone was observed with
      insulin, and this was particularly remarkable in low-sensitivity oocytes. Since
      in the presence of insulin, the optimally effective concentration of progesterone
      was much reduced (as an example from 1 mumol/1 to 50 nmol/l), it is suggested
      that an insulin-like growth factor may play a physiological role in the
      reinitiation of meiosis in ovaries.

PMID- 6368733
TI  - Monocytes can be induced by lipopolysaccharide-triggered T lymphocytes to express
      functional factor VII/VIIa protease activity.
AB  - In the present study we demonstrate that human monocytes can be induced by the
      model stimulus, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to produce and assemble on their
      surface functional Factor VII/VIIa. This protease was not induced in relatively
      purified monocytes alone following exposure to LPS; but was induced in the
      presence of Leu-3a positive helper/inducer T cells. The Factor VII/VIIa protease
      activity represented 35-40% of the potential initiating activity for the
      extrinsic coagulation pathway and was demonstrated using functional coagulation
      assays, as well as in amidolytic assays for the activation of Factor X. This
      activity of cell-bound Factor VII/VIIa appeared to involve a tight adduct of
      calcium. The identity of the Factor X-activating protease as Factor VII/VIIa was
      confirmed by the capacity of antibody specific for Factor VII/VIIa to neutralize
      the cell-bound protease. Further propagation of the extrinsic pathway following
      generation of Factor Xa required addition of exogenous Factor Va. These results
      expand the repertoire of proteases that have been identified with appropriately
      triggered cells of the monocyte/macrophage series, and suggest that initiation
      and propagation of the extrinsic coagulation protease network on induced
      monocytes involves not only expression of the initiating cofactor molecule,
      tissue factor, but also production of Factor VII and its organization into the
      molecular assembly. Thus, in the absence of exogenous Factor VII/VIIa a directly
      proteolytic effector cell can be generated. Further molecular assembly of the
      extrinsic pathway on the monocyte surface sequentially expands the proteolytic
      capacity of this response. The synthesis and assembly of the extrinsic activation
      complex by the monocyte and its derived progeny, the macrophage, provides a
      mechanism by which coagulation is initiated under T cell instruction at sites of
      immunologic responses.

PMID- 6368734
TI  - Streptococcal M6 protein expressed in Escherichia coli. Localization,
      purification, and comparison with streptococcal-derived M protein.
AB  - Type 6 streptococcal M protein produced by E. coli bearing plasmid pJRS42.13
      (ColiM6) accumulates in the periplasmic space of this new host. No immunoreactive
      M protein was found either on the surface of the organism or in the culture
      medium. The ColiM6 protein was purified from the periplasm and the final
      preparation consisted of three protein bands of apparent molecular weight 55,000,
      57,000, and 59,000. These three bands were identical in migration in SDS PAGE to
      that of the M protein present in freshly prepared crude periplasm. The amino acid
      composition of the ColiM6 protein was nearly identical to that of M protein
      isolated from streptococci with phage lysin (LysM6). Furthermore, except for the
      amino terminal residue of the LysM6 molecule, the amino terminal sequence of the
      ColiM6 molecule was identical to those of both LysM6 and M protein released from
      the streptococcus by limited peptic digestion (PepM6). These results reveal that
      the molecule produced in the E. coli and transported into the periplasm may be
      the complete M protein as it exists on the streptococcus. The results also
      indicate that the systems that process M protein for transport through the
      cytoplasmic membrane are similar in the streptococcus and E. coli. The purified
      ColiM6 protein was able to remove opsonic antibodies from both human and rabbit
      serum, as well as to stimulate the production of opsonic antibodies in rabbits,
      indicating that the immunodeterminants on this molecule are the same as those
      found on streptococcal-derived M molecules.

PMID- 6368735
TI  - Natural resistance of lethally irradiated F1 hybrid mice to parental marrow
      grafts is a function of H-2/Hh-restricted effectors.
AB  - The natural resistance of F1 hybrid mice against parental bone marrow grafts is
      thought to be mediated by natural killer (NK)-like effector cells. However,
      unlike the NK cell activity against a wide range of tumors and normal cells,
      hybrid resistance is characterized by the immunogenetic specificity controlled by
      a set of unique noncodominant genes denoted as Hh. Two alternative hypotheses can
      account for the specificity. Thus, the specificity may reflect either the Hh
      restriction of effectors or the Hh gene control of mechanisms regulating non-Hh
      restricted effector activity. In this study, therefore, we tested the recognition
      specificity of putative effectors mediating hybrid resistance in lethally
      irradiated H-2b/d and H-2b/k F1 hybrid mice to the engraftment of parental H-2b
      bone marrow. As a direct means of defining the effector specificity, rejection of
      parental bone marrow grafts was subjected to competitive inhibition in situ by
      irradiated tumor cells. Of the 16 independent lines of lymphoma and other
      hemopoietic tumor cells tested, the ability to inhibit hybrid resistance was the
      exclusive property of all tumors derived from mice homozygous for the H-2Db
      region, regardless of whether the tumor cells were susceptible or resistant to NK
      cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. Four cell lines heterozygous for the H-2Db
      were noninhibitory, including one that is susceptible to natural killing.
      Pretreatment of the F1 hosts with an interferon inducer augmented the resistance
      with no alteration in the recognition specificity of effector cells. Therefore,
      natural resistance to parental H-2b bone marrow grafts was mediated by effectors
      restricted by the H-2Db/Hh-1b gene(s), and not by the nonrestricted NK cells
      detectable in conventional in vitro assays.

PMID- 6368736
TI  - Common protective antigens of group A streptococcal M proteins masked by
      fibrinogen.
AB  - The influence of fibrinogen on the opsonization of Group A streptococci by type
      specific and cross-reactive anti-M protein antisera was investigated. As
      previously reported for type 24 streptococci, fibrinogen inhibited the complement
      mediated opsonization of types 5, 6, and 19 organisms. Rabbit antisera against
      large peptide fragments of purified homologous M proteins (pep M proteins)
      overcame the anti-opsonic effect of fibrinogen in a dose-dependent manner. In the
      presence of optimal amounts of antibody, bacterial uptake by PMN was equal in
      serum and plasma, and greater than could be obtained in serum in the absence of
      antibody. Polyclonal anti-pep M sera contained antibodies directed against
      fibrinogen-binding as well as fibrinogen-nonbinding sites or regions of the M
      protein molecule. Three cross-reactive anti-pep M sera included antibodies
      directed against fibrinogen binding sites or regions of the cross-reacting M
      proteins. In the two sera studied in detail, these antibodies accounted for a
      large part of the cross-reacting anti-M antibody present in the sera. We suggest
      that fibrinogen binding sites on different serotypes of M protein may be
      structurally and therefore antigenically similar. Conservation of fibrinogen
      binding sites on M proteins may be related to their protective anti-opsonic
      function.

PMID- 6368737
TI  - Clinical comparison of microscopic and culture techniques in the diagnosis of
      Candida vaginitis.
AB  - This study compares potassium hydroxide (KOH), Microstix-Candida, and Nickerson's
      medium with Sabouraud agar in the isolation of Candida. Of 204 symptomatic and
      asymptomatic women, 36 had Sabouraud cultures positive for Candida. The KOH
      preparation demonstrated both poor sensitivity and poor predictive value in the
      isolation of Candida, while Microstix-Candida and Nickerson's medium were
      statistically indistinguishable from Sabouraud agar. The use of either Microstix
      Candida or Nickerson's medium is recommended in the evaluation of Candida
      vaginitis when the KOH preparation is negative.

PMID- 6368738
TI  - The microcomputer as a vehicle for continuing medical education.

PMID- 6368739
TI  - Separation and labeling of specific subpopulations of Botryllus blood cells.
AB  - Blood cells of the colonial tunicate Botryllus were separated by density gradient
      centrifugation in Percoll. Unseparated blood cells were used to immunize mice for
      development of hybridoma cell lines producing anti-Botryllus monoclonal
      antibodies. These antibodies identify specific subpopulations of blood cells,
      indicating possible divisions of these cells into defined subgroups sharing
      particular differentiation antigens. Additional studies utilizing fluorescein-
      conjugated lectins also revealed differential binding to density- and monoclonal
      antibody-defined blood cell fractions. These methods allow separation of the
      different Botryllus blood cell types for functional studies.

PMID- 6368740
TI  - Pattern regulation along the proximodistal axis of the developing chick limb.
AB  - Transplants creating presumptively excess or deficient proximodistal segments
      were performed to investigate pattern regulation in stage 21 and stage 23 chick
      limb buds. Excess skeletal elements were not removed by regulation. Deficiencies
      appeared to be regulated by host tissue. The ability of the host tissue to
      participate in regulation declined in more proximal tissue and with increased
      age. These results suggest that there are two requirements for pattern
      regulation. First, the tissue in question must be sufficiently close to the
      ectodermal ridge before it can respond. Results of previous work and implications
      for pattern formation are discussed with these requirements in mind.

PMID- 6368741
TI  - Immunofluorescence characterization of astrocytes in monolayer culture using
      antiserum to glial fibrillary acidic protein.

PMID- 6368742
TI  - Effect of endotoxin treatment and tumour induction on liver catalase activity in
      mice.
AB  - Catalase activity in liver homogenates was studied in normal and low endotoxin
      (LPS)-responder mice treated with various doses of LPS from S. typhimurium B or
      bearing tumours induced by 3-methylcholanthrene. In normal LPS-responder (C3H/f)
      mice a dose of 40 micrograms LPS or tumour induction caused a reduction of
      catalase activity of about 50%. In low responder (C3H/HeJ) mice a reduction of
      the enzyme activity of over 40% was observed at a dose of 200 micrograms LPS.
      Tumour induction had no effect. In tumour-bearing mice of both strains the
      presence of a tumour seemed to interfere with the ability of LPS to depress
      hepatic catalase activity. Since a reduction of the enzyme activity in response
      to LPS or tumour induction seemed to be influenced by the LPS responsiveness of
      the mice, this study suggests that there could be common mediators of this
      effect. It is also possible that tumour induction might influence host responses
      to LPS.

PMID- 6368743
TI  - Two new E colicins, E8 and E9, produced by a strain of Escherichia coli.
AB  - We have isolated a strain of Escherichia coli from chicken caeca which produces
      two E colicins and colicin M. This strain has seven plasmids, five of which have
      been transferred to E. coli K12. Two E. coli K12 derivatives which produce the
      two E colicins separately have been tested against seven standard E colicin
      producing strains which define seven different immunity groups. Our results
      indicate that these new E colicins define two further immunity groups, E8 and E9.

PMID- 6368744
TI  - Degradation of Escherichia coli chromosomal and plasmid DNA in serum.
AB  - Incubation of serum-sensitive [3H]thymidine labelled Escherichia coli PC2166
      (RSF1030) and E. coli AM1281 (pBR322) harbouring small plasmids (mol. wt 5.5 X
      10(6) and 2.6 X 10(6] in serum resulted in killing of 99.9% of the bacteria
      within 15 min and in the release of 85% of the radioactivity into the medium
      after 1 h incubation. The fate of chromosomal and plasmid DNA during incubation
      of the bacteria in serum was analysed by measurement of the amount of DNA
      associated radioactivity, by TCA precipitation, by agarose gel electrophoresis
      and by the capacity of DNA to transform competent acceptor bacteria. Chromosomal
      DNA and high molecular weight plasmid DNA were rapidly degraded after 1 h
      incubation of bacteria in serum. However, low molecular weight plasmid DNA was
      virtually unaffected and remained physicochemically as well as biologically
      intact during up to 4 h of incubation of bacteria in serum.

PMID- 6368745
TI  - An inducible phosphoenolpyruvate: dihydroxyacetone phosphotransferase system in
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - A phosphoenolpyruvate: dihydroxyacetone phosphotransferase was induced in
      Escherichia coli grown on dihydroxyacetone as sole carbon source or in its
      presence. This is the first example of a triose which can be acted upon by the
      membrane complex to provide a central intermediate in glycolysis. The presence of
      this system explains the ability of a mutant, in which the ATP-dependent glycerol
      kinase is genetically replaced by a glycerol: NAD 2-oxidoreductase, to grow on
      glycerol.

PMID- 6368747
TI  - A cloning strategy for the bacteriophage T4 vs gene.
AB  - The product of the bacteriophage T4 vs gene, the tau peptide, has been shown to
      thermally stabilize temperature-sensitive valyl-tRNA synthetase (EC 6.1.1.9). To
      clone the bacteriophage T4 vs gene, recombinant pBR322-T4 DNA molecules were used
      to transform Escherichia coli CP 790302 (valSts). Transformants that grew at 43.5
      degrees C on selective medium exhibited some properties indicative of a phage
      modified valyl-tRNA synthetase. The data are consistent with successful cloning
      of the vs gene and atypical modification of the valyl-tRNA synthetase in CP
      790302.

PMID- 6368746
TI  - Structural differences in envelope glycoproteins associated with rat leukaemia
      virus produced by Novikoff hepatocellular carcinoma and spontaneously transformed
      Wistar rat embryo cells.
AB  - Immunochemical and immunocytochemical techniques have been used to characterize
      viral glycoproteins and endogenous rat leukaemia viruses (RaLV) produced both by
      Novikoff hepatocellular carcinoma cells and spontaneously transformed Wistar rat
      embryo cells (WRC). Results from immunocytochemical analysis demonstrated that
      RaLV produced by Novikoff and WRC cells could be distinguished by their unique
      patterns of reactivity with xenoantisera raised against virus particles or viral
      glycoproteins. This differential labelling was unexpected since all the antisera
      tested had been shown by immunoprecipitation and immunodepletion analysis to be
      reactive with viral glycoproteins expressed on the cell surface. Since no
      significant differences in cell surface-associated viral glycoproteins and those
      shed from the cell surface were detected by pulse iodination analysis, it was
      concluded that the apparent discrepancy between immunoferritin labelling and
      immunoprecipitation analysis resulted from differences in antigen accessibility
      on intact virions caused by structural differences in the viral glycoproteins
      expressed on Novikoff and WRC cells. This conclusion was supported by results
      from ferritin-lectin labelling, affinity chromatography and neuraminidase
      digestion studies which demonstrated differences in the saccharide moieties on
      both virion and cell surface-associated viral glycoproteins. Further evidence of
      structural differences was provided by limited digestion with trypsin and V8
      protease of the Mr 64 000 (Nov gp64) and Mr 68 000 (WRC gp68) viral glycoproteins
      immunoprecipitated from Novikoff and WRC cells, respectively, with either
      monospecific anti-Rauscher murine leukaemia virus anti-gp70 serum or monospecific
      antiserum against Nov gp64 (anti-gp64). Results from digestion studies showed
      that all the major cleavage fragments from WRC gp68 were of higher molecular
      weight than their Nov gp64-derived counterparts. Evidence that Nov gp64 and WRC
      gp68 both share structural homology with other murine viral gp70s was suggested
      by results from immunoprecipitation analysis with anti-gp70 and anti-gp64 sera
      under reducing and non-reducing conditions which demonstrated the presence of an
      interchain disulphide bond in both glycoproteins and showed that at least some of
      these molecules exist on the cell surface as disulphide-linked heterodimers of Mr
      78 000 and 82 000.

PMID- 6368748
TI  - The Donald Munro Memorial lecture.

PMID- 6368749
TI  - Urodynamic monitoring after spinal cord injury.

PMID- 6368750
TI  - Further characterization of an enkephalin-generating enzyme from adrenal
      medullary chromaffin granules.
AB  - An adrenomedullary protease capable of generating Met5-enkephalin from endogenous
      precursor(s) has been purified 1,000-fold using affinity chromatography in
      combination with gel filtration. This trypsin-like enzyme has an apparent
      molecular weight of 20,000 daltons by gel filtration. The reactivity of the
      enzyme toward several fluorogenic peptides, Peptides E and F, and the
      heptapeptides, Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 and Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Arg7, was
      examined. The two heptapeptides and the fluorogenic compounds were poor
      substrates for the adrenal enzyme; in contrast, Peptides E and F were cleaved.
      The low molecular weight products of Peptide F digestion were identified by HPLC
      as Arg1-Met6-enkephalin, Met5-enkephalin, and Met5-enkephalin-Lys6, while
      digestion of Peptide E resulted in the production of Leu5-enkephalin and Met5
      enkephalin-Arg6-Arg7. [3H]-beta m-Lipotropin was not hydrolyzed by the adrenal
      enzyme. These results indicate that this adreno-medullary protease is capable of
      cleaving adrenal opioid peptides at the paired basic sites and thus represents a
      possible candidate for a proenkephalin-converting enzyme.

PMID- 6368751
TI  - Roster of members, 1984. Nebraska Dental Association.

PMID- 6368753
TI  - A clinical trial of single dose rectal and oral administration of diazepam for
      the prevention of serial seizures in adult epileptic patients.
AB  - The clinical anticonvulsant efficacy of single dose rectal and oral
      administration of diazepam 20 mg was examined in two double-blind placebo
      controlled trials in adult epileptic patients. All subjects suffered from drug
      resistant epilepsy and frequently experienced serial seizures. Diazepam was
      administered rectally as a new experimental suppository formulation immediately
      after a seizure and was highly effective in preventing recurrent fits within a 24
      h observation period (p less than 0.001). Pharmacokinetic studies revealed a wide
      range of serum diazepam concentrations 60 min after administration of the
      suppository (mean serum diazepam level 190 +/- 73 (SD ng/ml). In a similar study
      oral administration of diazepam 20 mg significantly reduced the incidence of
      serial seizures compared with a placebo (p less than 0.01) and the mean 60 min
      serum diazepam level was 273 +/- 190 (SD) ng/ml.

PMID- 6368752
TI  - A retrospective study of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in England and Wales 1970-79.
      I: Clinical features.
AB  - A comprehensive search yielded 121 confirmed cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
      who died in England and Wales in the decade 1970-79, and 31 probable cases. The
      clinical features and the results of investigation are described. Three subgroups
      of patients were distinguished by clinical characteristics and contrasting
      course.

PMID- 6368754
TI  - Cryptococcal meningitis for 15 years.

PMID- 6368755
TI  - On the white matter lesions of the Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Can a new subentity
      be recognized in man?
AB  - One case of CJD with severe involvement of the white matter is discussed. The
      patient was admitted after a 3-month clinical course with rapidly increasing
      mental deterioration, coma vigil-like state, myoclonic twitching of the limbs and
      of the facial muscles. The EEG showed the typical features of CJD. The first CT
      scan, performed 3 months after onset, revealed only a mild cortical and
      subcortical atrophy of the brain. The second CT scan, 12 months later, showed a
      considerable cortical and subcortical atrophy of the brain. The patient died 18
      months after onset. Neuropathological examination showed a severe degeneration in
      the gray matter, with spongiosis, loss of neurones and hypertrophic glial
      reaction. The white matter was also involved with severe spongiosis,
      demyelination and hypertrophic glial proliferation. The case is discussed in
      relation to the data in the literature. It is argued that cases of CJD with
      severe involvement of the white matter should be classified as a new
      neuropathological subentity of CJD.

PMID- 6368756
TI  - Detection of immune complexes in experimental allergic neuritis.
AB  - Circulating immune complexes were assayed in the sera of animals with
      experimental allergic neuritis (EAN), and immunofluorescent staining and
      immunohistological examination were performed to clarify the role of immune
      complexes in the pathogenesis of EAN. The level of immune complexes in the sera
      of animals with clinical signs of EAN was from 1:32 to 1:64. Control animals
      showed a titer of immune complexes from 1:2 to 1:4. Animals with EAN showed
      deposition of immune complexes, which were detected by FITC-conjugated anti-rat
      IgG or C3-complement, in the vessels of the peripheral nerve. These findings
      suggest that immune complexes may contribute to the immunopathogenesis of EAN.

PMID- 6368757
TI  - Mumps virus infection of the developing mouse brain--appearance of structural
      virus proteins demonstrated with monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Newborn mice and hamsters were inoculated intracerebrally with mumps virus
      strains of high and low neurovirulence, Kilham and RW, respectively and with an
      egg-adapted patient isolate. The presence of viral antigen in brain tissue was
      analyzed with the immunofluorescence technique employing monoclonal antibodies
      against nucleoprotein (NP), polymerase (P), matrix (M), hemagglutinin
      neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) mumps virus components. As expected, hamsters
      developed a fatal encephalitis eight to nine days after infection with the Kilham
      strain and synthesis of all five structural viral antigens was identified. In
      contrast, mice infected with any of the virus strains did not develop signs of
      disease, but in brain material collected on days nine and 12 after infection
      viral antigen was present in many neurons. However, only NP and P antigens were
      demonstrable and no infectious virus was present. The antibody response in mice
      developed later than in hamsters. Neurons in the mouse brain may exert a host
      cell restriction on the virus maturation, and mice offer a suitable host for the
      establishment of defective, persistent mumps virus infections.

PMID- 6368758
TI  - Contributions of host- and disease-related attributes to the outcome of patients
      with acute myelogenous leukemia.
AB  - Three sequential trials of treatment for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
      involving 173 patients were analyzed to identify clinical and myeloblast-cell
      progenitor properties in culture related to outcome. The latter, including self
      renewal capacity expressed as plating efficiency (PE2) and drug sensitivity, were
      determined for a representative group of 45 patients. Despite increasingly
      intensive remission induction therapy, similar response rates were achieved in
      the three trials and no increase in the duration of survival was observed.
      Clinical attributes at presentation by multivariate analyses were not
      consistently predictable of outcome. Of the blast cell attributes, only PE2 was
      predictive of duration of survival (p less than 10(-6)). For patients in
      remission the relapse rate during the first year was 0.63 compared with 0.15 in
      subsequent years. The percentage marrow myeloblasts at presentation, a measure of
      disease activity, was significantly higher for the patients having remissions
      lasting less than one year. These studies demonstrate the importance of disease
      related attributes on the outcome of patients with AML.

PMID- 6368759
TI  - Clinical features and results of management of superior vena cava syndrome
      secondary to lymphoma.
AB  - Thirty-six of 915 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presented with superior
      vena cava syndrome (SVCS). The histologic types associated with SVCS were diffuse
      large cell in 23 patients, lymphoblastic in 12, and follicular large cell in one
      patient. Radiotherapy alone appeared equal to chemotherapy alone or in
      combination with radiotherapy in achieving relief of SVCS symptoms. Chemotherapy
      alone or in combination with radiotherapy was superior to radiotherapy alone in
      prolonging relapse-free survival and overall survival. No differences in relapse
      free survival and survival were found between the patients treated with
      chemotherapy alone and those treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but the
      addition of radiotherapy appeared to prevent local relapses in the group with
      large-cell lymphoma. The presence of symptoms of involvement of other mediastinal
      structures such as dysphagia, hoarseness, or stridor (DHS), a higher grade of
      intensity, and a shorter duration of symptoms (less than or equal to 2 weeks)
      appeared to adversely influence relapse-free survival and survival. The following
      conclusions were made: (1) a histologic diagnosis before the onset of treatment
      is desirable and feasible in patients presenting with SVCS except in those with
      severe respiratory distress, (2) both chemotherapy and radiotherapy are equally
      effective in alleviating the symptoms of SVCS, and (3) combined modality
      treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy results in a lower frequency of
      local relapses compared to chemotherapy alone but survival was similar in both
      groups.

PMID- 6368760
TI  - High-dose VP-16-213 monotherapy for refractory germinal malignancies: a phase II
      study.
AB  - VP-16-213 at standard dose is one of the more active agents for the treatment of
      germ cell tumors. In previous phase I studies, VP-16-213 has been investigated in
      suprastandard dose when hematopoietic reconstitution was assured by autologous
      bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). This phase II study was performed to explore
      the possibility that an augmented dose of VP-16-213 may be more active than
      standard dose against germ cell tumors. Eleven patients with progressive
      refractory germ cell tumors were treated with high-dose VP-16-213: 2,400 mg/m2
      with ABMT every three to four weeks followed by 1,200 mg/m2 without ABMT. Seven
      patients had received VP-16-213 at standard dose prior to high-dose VP-16-213.
      Toxicity to high-dose VP-16-213 included severe myelosuppression, nausea,
      vomiting, alopecia, mucositis, and hepatitis. Of 10 evaluable patients, two
      complete responses and four partial responses, all of short duration, were
      obtained. However, some patients unresponsive to standard-dose VP-16-213
      exhibited responses to the augmented-dose VP-16-213. Therefore, although more
      myelosuppressive, VP-16-213 may have increased activity against germ cell tumors
      when administered at augmented dose. High-dose VP-16-213 may be considered in
      designing new approaches for initial management of patients with germ cell tumors
      not expected to be cured with standard chemotherapy.

PMID- 6368761
TI  - Glucocorticoid receptors in leukemia and lymphoma.

PMID- 6368762
TI  - The current status of therapy for and prevention of blast crisis of chronic
      myelocytic leukemia.

PMID- 6368763
TI  - Low molecular weight agents support survival of cultured neurons from the central
      nervous system.
AB  - Microcultures of dissociated neurons from various central and peripheral neural
      tissues were used for quantitative analysis and characterization of trophic
      agents directed to these test neurons. Media conditioned by a variety of central
      and peripheral glial as well as muscle cell cultures contain trophic activities
      for central neurons which are distinct from the more traditional protein factors
      directed to peripheral neurons, by at least two features: (1) they reside with
      low molecular weight (Mr less than 1000) agents which are resistant to heat,
      extremes of pH, and various proteolytic and peptidolytic enzymes; and (2) they
      are necessary for the short-term survival of a variety of rodent and avian
      central neurons, but they fail by themselves to support survival of peripheral
      neurons under the same culture conditions.

PMID- 6368764
TI  - Some inquiries in neuroanesthesia and neurological supportive care.
AB  - Complications of performing neurosurgery in the sitting position have been well
      defined, and include cardiac and respiratory effects, air embolism, and
      pneumocephalus. Prophylactic measures and early diagnosis allow prompt therapy
      with minimal residual sequelae. All anesthetic agents and techniques alter the
      intracranial dynamics. A clear understanding of drug effects and the pathology
      involved allow a rational choice of anesthetic management to maximize the
      potential for a good outcome. Patients with cerebrovascular disorders frequently
      have multisystem disease, and careful preanesthetic assessment and preparation
      ensure a more stable intraoperative and postoperative course. Many chemical and
      mechanical reactions follow an ischemic hypoxic insult, but appropriate
      therapeutic intervention and early establishment of cardiorespiratory support
      measures have shown promise in improving the neurological outcome in these
      patients.

PMID- 6368765
TI  - Antibiotic prophylaxis in neurosurgery. A randomized controlled trial.
AB  - A randomized trial was performed to support the contention that prophylactic
      antibiotics can reduce the incidence of postoperative neurosurgical wound
      infections. The regime outlined by Malis was followed. Vancomycin and gentamicin
      were administered systemically just prior to surgery and streptomycin was added
      to the irrigating solution. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups:
      control and treated. The infection rate in the control group was 3.5% and in the
      treated group 0.5%.

PMID- 6368766
TI  - Survival of nerve allografts in sensitized rats treated with cyclosporin A.
AB  - This study examined the effect of immunosuppressive treatment with cyclosporin A
      (Cy-A) on the survival of nerve allografts in sensitized rats. Nerve- or skin
      sensitized untreated rats rejected a second nerve allograft of the same genotype
      as the first in an accelerated manner. In this situation, only a few host axons
      grew into the proximal 1 cm of a 4 cm-long nerve allograft. However, if
      sensitized rats were given Cy-A (10 mg/kg daily), the second nerve allograft
      survived, and numerous host axons regenerated through the 4-cm length of the
      allograft. These results indicated that Cy-A was an effective immunosuppressive
      agent in sensitized rats. We conclude that, in rats, donor-specific sensitization
      is not a contraindication to the use of nerve allografts to aid in the repair of
      injured nerve when Cy-A is used for immunosuppression.

PMID- 6368768
TI  - JONA's Semiannual Directory of Consultants to Nursing Administration.

PMID- 6368767
TI  - Treatment of protruded intervertebral discs.

PMID- 6368769
TI  - Time management. A reminder.
AB  - Although we are all aware of our need to "manage" time, we frequently get bogged
      down in the many tasks of the job and find that fewer and fewer of our activities
      relate to the managerial functions of planning, organizing, directing, and
      controlling. This article presents a guide for assessing and changing time
      wasting behaviors.

PMID- 6368770
TI  - Medical diagnosis aboard submarines. Use of a computer-based Bayesian method of
      analysis in an abdominal pain diagnostic program.
AB  - The medical issues that arise in the isolated environment of a submarine can
      occasionally be grave. While crewmembers are carefully screened for health
      problems, they are still susceptible to serious acute illness. Currently, the
      submarine medical department representative, the hospital corpsman, utilizes a
      history and physical examination, clinical acumen, and limited laboratory testing
      in diagnosis. The application of a Bayesian method of analysis to an abdominal
      pain diagnostic system utilizing an onboard microcomputer is described herein.
      Early results from sea trials show an appropriate diagnosis in eight of 10 cases
      of abdominal pain, but the program should still be viewed as an extended
      "laboratory test" until proved effective at sea.

PMID- 6368771
TI  - Bipedicled cervical skin flap for repair after resection of oral cancer.
AB  - A technique for immediate reconstruction after resection of intraoral cancer,
      using a bipedicled cervical skin flap, is reported. This procedure does not
      necessitate a split-thickness skin graft, and the neck wound may be closed by
      primary approximation.

PMID- 6368772
TI  - Dorothy Stuart Russell 27 June 1895-19 October 1983.

PMID- 6368773
TI  - The insulin receptor.
AB  - Cells are endowed with specific cognitive molecules that function as receptors
      for hormones, neurotransmitters, and other intercellular messengers. The receptor
      molecules may be present in the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, or nucleus. When
      occupied by the messenger, the receptor is coupled to the cellular machinery that
      responds to the message-bearing molecules. For some hormones the events following
      attachment of the messenger to the receptor are well known. An example is the
      generation of cAMP after combination of glucagon with its receptor and the series
      of steps culminating in activation of phosphorylase. In the case of many other
      messengers, including insulin, the nature of these coupling steps is not known.
      Receptors are subject to the regulatory processes of synthesis, degradation, and
      conformational change; alterations in receptor properties may have significant
      effects on the qualitative and quantitative responses of the cell to the
      extracellular messenger. The insulin receptor is located in the plasma membrane,
      is composed of two pairs of subunits, and has a molecular weight of about
      350,000. It is located in cells such as adipocytes, hepatocytes, and skeletal
      muscle cells as well as in cells not considered to be typical target organ cells.
      Insulin receptors in nonfetal cells are downregulated by exposure of the cells to
      high concentrations of insulin. Other factors that regulate insulin binding
      include muscular exercise, diet, thyroid hormones, glucocorticoids, androgens,
      estrogens, and cyclic nucleotides. The fetus has high concentrations of insulin
      receptors in several tissues. These begin to appear early in fetal life and may
      outnumber those found in adult tissues. Fetal insulin receptors are unusual in
      that they may not undergo downregulation but may experience the opposite when
      exposed to insulin in high concentrations. Thus the offspring of a mother with
      poorly controlled diabetes may be placed in double jeopardy by fetal
      hyperinsulinemia and augmented insulin binding by the receptors. Many disorders
      in children and adults are associated with changes in the properties of the
      insulin receptor. In general, the alterations have been measured in receptor
      bearing cells that are readily accessible, such as circulating monocytes and
      erythrocytes. The receptors on these cells generally reflect the status of
      receptors on the major target organs of insulin, although exceptions are known,
      and conclusions drawn from studies of receptors on circulating cells must be made
      with caution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6368774
TI  - Autoimmunity in congenital rubella syndrome.
AB  - Two hundred one deaf adolescents with congenital rubella syndrome and 83 age
      matched deaf control subjects were evaluated for the presence of organ-specific
      antibodies directed against thyroid microsomes, thyroglobulin, pancreatic islets,
      adrenal cortex, and gastric parietal cells. Positive thyroid microsomal or
      thyroglobulin antibodies were found in 23.3% (47/201) of the rubella group and in
      12.0% (10/83) of control subjects. Nine of 46 (19.6%) in the rubella group and
      two of nine (22.2%) control subjects with thyroid autoimmunity had thyroid gland
      dysfunction as indicated by elevated serum TSH concentrations. Neither islet cell
      nor adrenal cortical antibodies were detected in any subject tested; parietal
      cell antibodies were detected in 5.5% (8/146) of those in the rubella group and
      8.8% (6/68) of control subjects tested, but occurred most frequently in subjects
      with thyroid autoimmunity (6/36, 16.7% vs 8/178, 4.5%; P less than 0.05). It is
      recommended that all patients with congenital rubella syndrome be screened for
      thyroid autoimmunity and that those with positive antibody titers be evaluated
      for the presence of thyroid dysfunction.

PMID- 6368775
TI  - Superiority of acridine orange stain versus Gram stain in partially treated
      bacterial meningitis.

PMID- 6368776
TI  - Triglycerides, free fatty acids, free fatty acids/albumin molar ratio, and
      cholesterol levels in serum of neonates receiving long-term lipid infusions:
      controlled trial of continuous and intermittent regimens.
AB  - We compared intermittent (8 hours/day) versus continuous (24 hours/day)
      isocaloric lipid infusion regimens in 28 neonates. The lipid dose was increased
      incrementally by 0.5 gm/kg/day to either 3 gm/kg/day or until fat contributed 40%
      of daily calories. Serum total triglycerides, free fatty acids, free fatty
      acids/albumin molar ratio, and total cholesterol levels were measured prior to
      the daily lipid infusion, at the end of the intermittent infusion, and at 8 hours
      during the continuous infusion. Neonates less than 32 weeks postconception had
      significant fluctuation of triglycerides, free fatty acids, and free fatty
      acids/albumin molar ratio during the intermittent regimen at all lipid doses, but
      not during the continuous regimen. Neonates greater than or equal to 32 weeks
      postconception had significant fluctuation of serum triglycerides, free fatty
      acids, and free fatty acids/albumin molar ratio during the intermittent regimen
      with a lipid dose greater than or equal to 2 gm/kg/day, but not during the
      continuous regimen at all lipid doses. Serum free fatty acids correlated closely
      with serum triglycerides during both regimens (r = 0.89, P less than 0.001).
      Serum total cholesterol rose with increasing lipid doses during both regimens (f
      = 8.16, P less than 0.05). We conclude that neonates less than 32 weeks
      postconception tolerate the continuous regimen better than the intermittent
      regimen at all lipid doses; neonates greater than or equal to 32 weeks
      postconception tolerate both regimens well at lipid dose less than 2 gm/kg/day,
      but tolerate a continuous regimen better with lipid dose greater than or equal to
      2 gm/kg/day.

PMID- 6368777
TI  - Prospective comparative trial of moxalactam versus ampicillin or chloramphenicol
      for treatment of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in children.
AB  - In a prospective, randomized study, moxalactam in 44 children was compared with
      ampicillin or chloramphenicol in 47 children for the treatment of Haemophilus
      influenzae type b meningitis. Both groups were comparable in terms of clinical
      and laboratory findings at admission. The hospital course, neurologic sequelae
      including deafness, and number of deaths were the same for both groups. The
      incidence of adverse reactions also was the same except that diarrhea and
      thrombocytosis occurred significantly (P less than or equal to 0.04) more
      frequently in children given moxalactam. Moxalactam was equivalent to ampicillin
      or chloramphenicol in the treatment of H. influenzae type b meningitis in
      children.

PMID- 6368778
TI  - Pulmonary response to a bronchodilator delivered from three inhalation devices.

PMID- 6368779
TI  - Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
AB  - Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis should be considered in the evaluation of any
      patient with acute abdominal complaints, especially in the presence of
      preexistent ascites. Paracentesis is indicated in all suspected cases of
      spontaneous peritonitis in order to obtain necessary studies, including microbial
      cultures. Broad-spectrum antibiotic coverage has become necessary because of the
      increasing incidence of gram-negative isolates. Ascitic pH and lactate may
      provide accurate information in the evaluation of spontaneous peritonitis,
      although increased clinical awareness remains the key to proper diagnosis.

PMID- 6368780
TI  - Impaired natural killer activity in lymphohistiocytosis syndrome.
AB  - In six patients with well-documented lymphohistiocytosis syndrome, natural killer
      activity was found to be profoundly impaired and could not be increased by
      incubation in vitro with interferon. This abnormality was not found in parents of
      the affected children. A clear correlation with the activity of the disease was
      observed, although a delay of a few weeks (possibly reflecting the life span of
      NK cells in blood) was seen in the disappearance of NK activity after the onset
      of the disease and its reappearance after remission. No absolute correlation was
      observed between NK activity and percentage of leukocytes detected by the Leu-7
      monoclonal antibody. Our findings indicate that testing NK activity is useful for
      the diagnosis of lymphohistiocytosis syndrome and can be used as an index of
      activity of the disease, among other major clinical and biologic signs of this
      syndrome. Reversal of the NK activity defect (rather than detection of Leu-7
      positive cells) appears to be a good criterion of complete remission.

PMID- 6368781
TI  - Development of parenteral fluid therapy.

PMID- 6368782
TI  - Polydipsia and enuresis in childhood renin-dependent hypertension.

PMID- 6368784
TI  - Transplacental passage of IgG antibody to group B streptococcus serotype Ia.

PMID- 6368783
TI  - Intrauterine growth and postnatal fasting metabolism in infants of obese mothers.
AB  - We compared neonatal fasting metabolism in 12 infants of obese women and 10
      control infants born to lean mothers. Weight gain during pregnancy was less among
      obese women (7.2 vs 13.6 kg). Term infants born to obese women were heavier (3.9
      bs 3.2 kg), had greater triceps and midscapular skinfold thicknesses, and had
      heavier placentae (687 vs 572 gm). Length and head circumference were not
      affected. After birth, fasting blood glucose concentrations declined in obese
      infants to hypoglycemic levels at 60 minutes of the study (26.3 vs 63.1 mg/dl).
      Insulin levels were not statistically different between the two groups. The
      postnatal rise of free fatty acids and glycerol was augmented in infants of obese
      mothers, whereas the decline of plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate values was augmented
      in infants of obese mothers, whereas the decline of plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate
      values was attenuated. Cord vein and artery plasma triglyceride concentrations
      were elevated in infants of obese mothers, and the usual rise of triglycerides
      with fasting after birth was further augmented in these infants. These data
      suggest that despite less than optimal maternal weight gain, sufficient or even
      surplus fuels are provided to the fetus of the obese mother and results in
      augmented fetal growth. Furthermore, the occurrence of fasting hypoglycemia
      necessitates careful monitoring of postnatal blood glucose values.

PMID- 6368786
TI  - Effect of 60Co-irradiation on the development and immunogenicity of Plasmodium
      berghei sporozoites in Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes.
AB  - Protection conferred to mice by Plasmodium berghei sporozoites increased
      significantly when the time interval between 60Co-irradiation of the infected
      mosquitoes and harvest of sporozoites increased. One thousand sporozoites
      conferred no protection against challenge if harvested on the day of irradiation,
      but protected 60% of recipient mice when harvested 28 days postirradiation. When
      the time between feeding of mosquitoes and irradiation was varied, sporozoites
      from mosquitoes irradiated 3 days after feeding were infective for mice.
      Sporozoites from mosquitoes irradiated on day 10 postfeeding were not infective,
      but were immunogenic. In all experiments a decline occurred in the number of
      recoverable sporozoites over a 28-day period postirradiation to less than 10% of
      the yield on the day of irradiation.

PMID- 6368785
TI  - Immune complexes and immunoconglutinin interactions associated with altered
      lymphocyte activity in Plasmodium chabaudi infections.
AB  - Fresh plasma from rats infected with Plasmodium chabaudi, incubated with splenic
      lymphocytes from rats immunized 5 days previously with sheep blood cells,
      suppressed the capacity of the spleen cells to produce antibody against the sheep
      cells as was indicated by reductions in the numbers of hemolytic Jerne plaques
      formed by the treated cells. The effect was maximal in plasma of rats drawn on
      the 7th day of infection at a time the rats experienced a hemolytic crisis.
      Serologic studies indicated that the active plasma contained elevated titers of
      antibody against fibrinogen products, antibody against the soluble serum antigens
      elaborated during blood infections and antibody against the third component of
      fixed complement (C3) or immunoconglutinin. Titers of lytic complement were
      reduced and amounts of soluble immune complex precipitated with polyethylene
      glycol 6000 were elevated. The active plasma may have affected the antibody
      producing cells by one or both of two mechanisms. Soluble antigen-antibody
      complexes could have interacted with Fc receptors of activated lymphocytes to
      alter their function. Alternatively, the complexes may have fixed complement and
      interacted with receptors for fixed C3 on the lymphocyte membrane. Such cells,
      being coated with the antigen for immunoconglutinin, could be altered by
      immunoconglutination. Inasmuch as the immune complexes in the active plasma were
      generated in vivo, it would seem unlikely that the plasma would contain
      significant amounts of complex that had not fixed complement. With
      immunoconglutinin present in the plasma, alteration of the cells by
      immunoconglutination seems a more likely possibility.

PMID- 6368787
TI  - Immunosuppression in mouse trypanosomiasis: inhibition of secondary antibody
      responses is dependent on the time of antigen priming.
AB  - Trypanosoma musculi-induced immunosuppression was examined in both congenitally
      athymic (nude) mice and their phenotypically normal, euthymic littermates using T
      independent (polyvinylpyrrolidone = PVP) and T-dependent (sheep erythrocyte = SE)
      antigens. T. musculi-infected nude mice had significantly diminished direct (IgM)
      plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses to PVP. In euthymic mice, T. musculi
      parasitemia significantly inhibited the direct PFC response to both PVP and SE.
      Trypanosoma musculi-infected euthymic mice had significantly diminished indirect
      (IgG) SE-specific PFC responses if priming occurred during parasitemia; however,
      T. musculi parasitemia did not significantly decrease indirect SE-specific PFC
      responses in euthymic mice if the mice were primed before infection.

PMID- 6368788
TI  - Lipids in human milk: a review. 2: Composition and fat-soluble vitamins.
AB  - Recent work on lipid classes and the fatty acid composition of milk is reviewed.
      At least 98% of the lipids are triacylglycerols with about 1% phospholipids and
      0.3-0.4% cholesterol. Desmosterol has been identified. The major phospholipids (%
      of total) are: sphingomyelin (32), phosphatidylcholine (25), and
      phosphatidylethanolamine (28). The 12:0 content of colostrum is lower than that
      of mature milk. The 18:2 content of mature milk can be altered by diet;
      otherwise, the fatty acid composition is remarkably constant. Long-chain
      polyunsaturates appear to be needed for development of the infant's brain and
      nervous system. Data on the contents of these acids are given. The fat-soluble
      vitamins have been analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The
      amounts of vitamins D and K in milk, unlike those of A and E, are lower than the
      quantities required to meet the U.S. Recommended Daily Allowances. Vitamin D
      sulfate does not appear to be a significant antirachitic component of human milk.
      Nutritional and analytical aspects are emphasized throughout and areas for future
      investigations indicated.

PMID- 6368789
TI  - Serum IgG antibodies to gliadin in children with celiac disease as measured by an
      immunofluorescence method.
AB  - Antigliadin antibodies (AGAs) were studied in sera from 190 patients divided into
      five clinical groups. Group I included 28 sera from children with newly diagnosed
      celiac disease on a normal diet. Group II consisted of 43 sera from children with
      celiac disease who were fed a gluten-free diet (GFD). Group III included 25 sera
      from children with celiac disease who had been in remission but exposed to a
      gluten-containing diet (GCD). Group IV consisted of 46 sera from children with
      chronic diarrheal disorders other than celiac disease. Group V included 43 sera
      from healthy children. The observed p values proved that (a) mean titer levels of
      AGAs in Groups I and III were significantly higher than the mean values for all
      other groups (p less than 0.001), and (b) the mean titer level of AGAs in Group
      II was significantly higher than the mean values for Groups IV and V. A good
      correlation between the AGA titers and the morphology of the duodenal mucosa was
      found in children with celiac disease. The examination of IgG AGAs by the
      immunofluorescence technique used in our study appears to be a useful tool in the
      follow-up of individual patients to determine adherence to a GFD.

PMID- 6368790
TI  - Calcium absorption and acceptance of low-lactose milk among children with primary
      lactase deficiency.
AB  - A calcium absorption investigation was carried out with the purpose of
      determining whether lactose-hydrolyzed milk facilitates calcium absorption in
      subjects with lactose malabsorption. Nine children participated in the study,
      which was divided into two investigation periods separated by at least 1 week.
      During the first period the children were given a lactose-free diet, whereas
      during the second period their diet contained lactose-hydrolyzed milk. The amount
      of calcium, number of calories, and rotation of specifically defined meals in the
      diet during the two periods were identical, and the children functioned as their
      own controls. We found calcium absorption to be significantly higher with the
      diet containing hydrolyzed milk than with the lactose-free diet supplemented with
      extra calcium (p less than 0.05). During the study a double-blind lactose
      intolerance test was performed. The children had significantly fewer clinical
      symptoms and signs, such as abdominal pain, borborygmus, meteorism, and
      defecations, within 24 h after drinking 0.5 L of lactose-hydrolyzed milk as
      compared with drinking ordinary milk (25 g of lactose). None of the children
      experienced any unpleasant side effects when consuming the lactose-hydrolyzed
      milk (approximately 94% degree of hydrolysis) during the study period. All the
      children liked the hydrolyzed milk because it had a pleasant, sweet flavor as a
      result of the increased content of glucose.

PMID- 6368791
TI  - Endodontic complications following periodontal and prosthetic treatment of
      patients with advanced periodontal disease.
AB  - A retrospective analysis was carried out to determine the frequency and onset of
      endodontic complications occurring in 52 patients treated for advanced
      periodontal disease. Comparisons were made between teeth which, following
      periodontal treatment, were used as abutments in fixed prosthetic reconstructions
      and nonabutment teeth. The study included 672 teeth with initially vital pulps
      (255 abutment teeth and 417 nonabutment teeth). The observation period varied
      from 4 to 13 years with a mean of 8.7 years. Pulpal necrosis including periapical
      lesions developed with a significantly higher frequency in abutment teeth than in
      nonabutment teeth (15% vs. 3%). The majority of these lesions did not appear
      until several years following the completion of active treatment. Conceivable
      reasons for the development of pulpal necrosis in teeth subjected to combined
      periodontal and prosthetic treatment are discussed.

PMID- 6368792
TI  - The influence of trauma from occlusion on the bacterial repopulation of
      periodontal pockets in dogs.
AB  - Pockets were surgically created in the two upper external incisors of four beagle
      dogs, and a copper band adapted to prevent reattachment. After 4 weeks the copper
      bands were removed, the teeth scaled and root-planed and crowns placed on both
      experimental teeth in such a way that one of them was forced bucally when the
      teeth occluded. An orthodontic appliance anchored in bands cemented to the cuspid
      teeth brought the tooth back to its original position when disclusion occurred.
      Experimental time was 12 weeks. Clinical indices and bacterial samples for
      darkfield examination were taken at baseline and weekly thereafter. The dogs were
      fed a diet that favored plaque accumulation and no oral hygiene was performed.
      Surgically created pockets initially became populated by cocci (65%-75%) and
      small amounts of motile bacteria (12%-15%) including 3% to 4% spirochetes. In 4
      weeks the percentage of cocci declined steadily (42%-45%) and motile bacteria
      increased to 37% to 43% with spirochetes representing 24% to 27%. After scaling
      and root planing, the number of cocci increased again and motile bacteria
      declined although the baseline values were not reached. This decline persisted
      for 2 weeks after scaling. Repopulation of the pocket in traumatized and
      nontraumatized teeth followed the same initial pattern, taking again 5 weeks to
      return to prescaling levels. No difference was found between traumatized and
      nontraumatized teeth. Clinical measurements, however, revealed a statistically
      greater loss of attachment in traumatized teeth as compared with nontraumatized
      teeth.

PMID- 6368793
TI  - Current perspectives on Rorschach performance among older adults.
AB  - Review of empirical studies of Rorschach performance by older adults (age 65+)
      indicates that previous research findings of declining cognitive flexibility and
      impoverishment of personality may be artifacts of design methodologies that have
      failed to adequately account for biosocial-psychological differences between age
      groups and within the older age group itself. When findings are assessed in terms
      of variables reflective of age cohort as well as residential status, diagnosis,
      health status, and test-taking attitude, important data become available.
      Suggestions concerning test interpretation are offered in lieu of the current
      lack of age matched base rates for Rorschach scoring variables.

PMID- 6368794
TI  - Anxiety as measured by the Draw-a-Person Test: a response to Sims, Dana, and
      Bolton.

PMID- 6368795
TI  - New compounds: peptide derivatives of the antitumor agent N-phosphonoacetyl-L
      aspartic acid.
AB  - Two peptide forms of the antitumor transition state analogue N-phosphonoacetyl-L
      aspartic acid (N2-phosphonoacetyl-N4-glycylglycinamidoethyl-L-asparagine and N1
      glycylglycinamidoethyl-N2-phosphonoacetyl-L-isoasparagine ) have been synthesized
      to obtain potential medicinal agents useful as prodrugs or in a lysosomotropic
      carrier approach. The bridging unit, ethylenediamine, used for synthetic purposes
      might be of general interest.

PMID- 6368796
TI  - Increase of striatal Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 (YGGFMRF) content elicited by long
      term treatment with haloperidol.
AB  - In rats, daily doses of haloperidol repeated for various time periods increase
      striatal Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 (YGGFMRF) immunoreactivity in a time- and dose
      dependent manner. This increase occurred also in other dopamine-rich brain areas.
      After intraventricular captopril (0.5 mg), the accumulation rate of
      immunoreactive YGGFMRF was greater in haloperidol- than in saline-injected rats.
      Intraventricular captopril inhibits the YGGFMRF degradation; hence the greater
      accumulation rate of YGGFMRF caused by captopril in haloperidol-treated rats
      suggests that this drug increases the YGGFMRF biosynthesis. A slower rate of
      YGGFMRF release in haloperidol-treated rats can be excluded as a cause for the
      drug-induced increase in striatal content of this peptide because the release
      rates of YGGFMRF elicited by K+ were similar in striatal slices of haloperidol-
      and saline-treated rats. The similarities between the accumulation rate of
      immunoreactive YGGFMRF and of Met5-enkephalin induced by haloperidol suggest that
      haloperidol increases the biosynthesis of the specific messenger RNA for
      preproenkephalin, an opioid peptide precursor, which contains one copy of YGGFMRF
      and several copies of Met5-enkephalin.

PMID- 6368797
TI  - Action and mechanism of action of veratrine on renin secretion from rat kidney
      slices.
AB  - It is well known that norepinephrine released from the renal nerves stimulates
      the secretion of renin by a beta adrenergic mechanism. In the present
      experiments, we investigated the effects of renin secretion of veratrine, which
      depolarizes nerve terminals and thereby causes transmitter release. The rat renal
      cortical slice preparation was used. Veratrine (10-200 microM) stimulated renin
      secretion in a concentration-dependent manner. Veratrine-stimulated secretion was
      antagonized by timolol (0.9 and 9.0 microM) and by tetrodotoxin (0.5 and 5.0
      microM), a sodium channel blocker. Neither drug abolished completely the
      stimulatory effect of veratrine. Moreover, veratrine stimulated renin secretion
      in slices prepared from previously denervated kidneys; this response was not
      antagonized by timolol. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that
      veratrine stimulates renin secretion by at least two mechanisms. One component
      probably consists of veratrine-induced depolarization of renal nerve terminals,
      release of norepinephrine and activation of juxtaglomerular cell beta adrenergic
      receptors; the other component appears to be independent of nerve terminals in
      the preparation. We conclude that the tetrodotoxin-sensitive component of
      veratrine-stimulated renin secretion in this preparation is an in vitro model of
      renal nerve-stimulated renin secretion; it should be useful in investigating
      substances which affect renin secretion by presynaptic modulation of transmitter
      release.

PMID- 6368798
TI  - Treatment of ruptured intervertebral disc by chemonucleolysis with chymopapain.

PMID- 6368799
TI  - A clinical and laboratory comparison of irreversible hydrocolloid impression
      techniques.

PMID- 6368800
TI  - Soft denture liner of fluoroethylene copolymer and its clinical evaluation.

PMID- 6368801
TI  - Overdentures for the irradiated patient.
AB  - A rationale that stresses the biologic and mechanical advantages of overdenture
      therapy for the irradiated patient has been presented.

PMID- 6368802
TI  - Clinical effectiveness of mechanical-chemical tissue displacement methods.
AB  - The following conclusions were made after statistical analysis. There was no
      significant difference between racemic epinephrine cord and aluminum sulfate
      cord. Both racemic epinephrine cord and aluminum sulfate cord were more effective
      than nonmedicated cord. There was no difference between dry cord and water
      saturated cord. Hemorrhage control with a cord saturated in Hemodent was more
      effective than water-saturated or dry cords. The racemic epinephrine cord was not
      superior to the aluminum sulfate cord, so the dentist could eliminate a cord with
      potential systemic effects and substitute the more innocuous cord. Hemodent
      approximately doubled the hemostasis success of any cord used in this study.

PMID- 6368803
TI  - Using irreversible hydrocolloid to evaluate preparations and fabricate temporary
      immediate provisional restorations.
AB  - Two unique techniques that use irreversible hydrocolloid and an Omnivac matrix
      have been presented. The first technique is used to evaluate the adequacy and
      uniformity of the tooth preparation. The second technique is used to create a
      TIPR for the patient while the PIPR is being fabricated. The TIPR-PIPR system can
      be used to facilitate proper diagnosis, planning, and treatment; and it results
      in improved patient comfort, dentist efficiency, and increased control over the
      final restoration.

PMID- 6368804
TI  - The effect of a corrugated channel on the retentive properties of an obturator
      reinforced composite resin dowel-core system.
AB  - A study was conducted to compare the retentive properties of the obturator
      reinforced composite resin dowel and core systems with and without corrugated
      dentin surfaces in the dowel channels. A commercially available tap with a
      diameter of about 1.4 mm and a thread groove depth of 100 micron was used to
      accomplish this dentin roughening. To compare whether methods of placement affect
      the retentive capacities of this dowel and core system, a Lentulo spiral, Jiffy
      tube, and Centrix C-R syringe were used to insert the resin mixes into the
      corrugated channels. The following conclusions can be drawn. By corrugating or
      roughening the dentin surface of the prepared channel, the retentive properties
      of this dowel and core system are significantly increased. In this system using
      minimal amounts of composite resin, the three methods of placement exhibited no
      significant difference in retention. The retentive failure seemed to occur at the
      resin-tooth interface. Increasing the degree of corrugation (deeper grooves)
      increased the retention, but caution must be exercised to prevent weakening the
      tooth.

PMID- 6368805
TI  - Plaque accumulation on Teflon-coated metal.
AB  - This study demonstrated that plaque accumulation was reduced and plaque removal
      facilitated by the TFE coating. These findings suggest that the TFE coating has a
      practical application for pontics and the proximal and cervical surfaces of
      crowns. These inaccessible surfaces are not easily cleaned by brushing.

PMID- 6368806
TI  - Repairing a crown-sleeve coping prosthesis. Part II.
AB  - A crown-and-sleeve coping prosthesis and its retainer have been defined and
      reasons for the failure of an abutment tooth have been discussed. A detailed
      procedure for repairing a CSC prosthesis when extraction of one abutment tooth is
      necessary has been presented. A technique for restoration of a carious abutment
      tooth that supports a CSC prosthesis will be described in a future article.

PMID- 6368807
TI  - Recording the retromylohyoid space in preliminary irreversible hydrocolloid
      impressions.

PMID- 6368808
TI  - Relocating multiple denture adjustment areas.

PMID- 6368809
TI  - Burst abdomen. A preventable complication, monolayer closure of the abdominal
      incision with monofilament nylon.

PMID- 6368810
TI  - Control of pain.

PMID- 6368811
TI  - The history of the College library, 1879-99.

PMID- 6368812
TI  - James Mackenzie lecture. Foxglove and chips.

PMID- 6368813
TI  - Salt restriction for borderline hypertension.

PMID- 6368814
TI  - The air-ambulance: Orkney's experience.
AB  - The paramount problem for the delivery of the medical services in the Orkneys has
      been that of effective transport. The development of an efficient air-ambulance
      service has had a major impact on medical care. The service started in 1934, but
      was abolished at the outset of the Second World War and did not recommence until
      1967. This paper examines the evolution of the air-ambulance service in the
      Orkney Islands, and describes alternative proposals for the use of aircraft in
      this region.

PMID- 6368815
TI  - Cervical cerclage. A review of 74 cases.
AB  - The records of seventy-four patients who had had cervical cerclage procedures
      were surveyed. Without suture placement, these patients would have had a fetal
      salvage rate of 23%. The Shirodkar method was performed in 67 cases and the
      McDonald in 7. Spontaneous abortions occurred in ten women (13.5%). Four
      pregnancies terminated between the 20th and 26th week of gestation; two of these
      losses were due to chorioamnionitis and two to immature labor. No congenital
      anomalies were noted. In the remaining 60 patients, 6 pregnancies terminated
      between the 28th and the 36th week of gestation, and 54 pregnancies were carried
      beyond the 36th week; all of these infants survived. The salvage rate after the
      cerclage procedure was 81.8%. The average length of labor in the patients who
      delivered vaginally was 9 hours, 18 minutes. The incidence of cervical
      lacerations was 3%. Eight cesarean sections were performed (13.3%) for various
      reasons.

PMID- 6368816
TI  - Therapeutic considerations in the management of the climacteric. A critical
      analysis of prevalent treatments.
AB  - The natural aging process affects a woman greatly during the climacteric;
      hormonal patterns, metabolic parameters, reproductive target organs and bone are
      involved. In every instance one can compare these changes with the effects of
      hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) on these same parameters. Therapy should
      reverse the negative trends imposed by the aging process and preserve the status
      quo. The approach must be holistic, and consideration must be given to the
      effects of HRT on all the parameters and not just to the uterus as the sole end
      point. Ideally the smallest amount of hormone should be used that will
      effectively treat symptoms and favorably affect metabolic parameters, the
      reproductive target organs and bone. Since recent clinical evidence has
      emphasized the protective nature of estrogen-plus-progestagen therapy in the
      prevention of endometrial and breast cancer and of osteoporosis, combination
      therapy is an essential feature of treatment. The shortfalls in our knowledge of
      the ideal therapy are undeniable. However, it is crucial to provide hormonal
      support with the available therapy to the woman suffering from estrogen
      deficiency symptoms, particularly in view of the high mortality rates associated
      with postmenopausal osteoporosis, a preventable disease.

PMID- 6368817
TI  - Self-management strategies in rehabilitation.

PMID- 6368818
TI  - Long-term complications of infection of the female genital tract by intracellular
      sexually-transmitted microorganisms: a review.

PMID- 6368820
TI  - Mozart's illnesses and death.

PMID- 6368819
TI  - Molecular abnormalities of collagen: a review.

PMID- 6368822
TI  - Human nail dust in chiropodial practice: irritant, allergen and source of
      antibodies to Trichophyton rubrum.

PMID- 6368823
TI  - A review of trends in dental health in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 6368824
TI  - Recent developments in dental caries research.

PMID- 6368821
TI  - The inflammatory myopathies.

PMID- 6368825
TI  - Preventive dentistry in every day practice.

PMID- 6368826
TI  - Research in dental health education methods: a social science approach.

PMID- 6368827
TI  - Hearing loss--hearing aids, and some aspects of NHS provision.

PMID- 6368828
TI  - High purity water.

PMID- 6368829
TI  - The moral status of the human embryo: a tradition recalled.

PMID- 6368830
TI  - Effect of sugars and metabolic intermediates on the attachment of Treponema
      pallidum to rabbit cells.
AB  - The effect of various energy sources and metabolic intermediates on the
      attachment of Treponema pallidum to baby rabbit genital organ (BRGO) cells in
      culture was examined. Pyruvate and glucose enhanced the motility of T. pallidum
      in vitro. Pyruvate increased significantly the attachment of treponemes to BRGO
      cells when compared with the other substrates but all substrates tested
      stimulated DNA synthesis by cultured BRGO cells. Thus, the effect of pyruvate on
      attachment may be due to an effect on the treponemes. Prior exposure of the BRGO
      cells to the glucose analogue 2-deoxyglucose greatly inhibited the attachment of
      T. pallidum whereas three other analogues had no effect. The inhibitory effect of
      2-deoxyglucose was partially reversed by the presence of pyruvate in the
      attachment assay. These results suggest that energy metabolism of both T.
      pallidum and host cells may be required for the initial interaction of T.
      pallidum with its host in vivo.

PMID- 6368831
TI  - The association of particular types of Proteus with chronic suppurative otitis
      media.
AB  - During a period of 12 months, 57 strains of Proteus were isolated from the ears
      of 38 unrelated patients with chronic suppurative otitis media. Each strain was
      identified, typed for bacteriocin production and sensitivity, and tested for
      Dienes compatibility. The majority of the strains (79%) were P. mirabilis; all
      but one of the remainder were P.vulgaris. Although 19 different bacteriocin
      production/sensitivity types were found, two rare types, P. mirabilis P7/S5,12
      and P. vulgaris P0/S9, were associated with 47% of these infections. This was
      confirmed by Dienes typing. Patients with bilateral ear disease carried a
      different strain in each ear. There was no evidence that persistence of infection
      had arisen because of the development of antibiotic resistance. Although there
      was some evidence that persistence may have been the result of reinfection, the
      isolation of these rare types of Proteus from so many patients with chronic
      suppurative otitis media may indicate that they play an important role in the
      pathogenesis of the disease. Most of the Proteus isolates were of "non-faecal"
      types and it is believed that infection had arisen by a route other than the
      faecal-aural one.

PMID- 6368832
TI  - Antimicrobial effects of a macrophage-derived cytotoxin from the serum of BCG
      primed rabbits (tumour necrosis serum).
AB  - Previous studies have shown that a macrophage-derived cytotoxin, found in high
      titre in the serum of BCG-primed rabbits, killed malarial parasites and certain
      tumour cells. In this study, the macrophage cytotoxin was tested for activity
      against microorganisms other than protozoa. No activity was seen against a range
      of gram-negative or gram-positive bacteria or against Candida albicans. It is
      concluded that the macrophage cytotoxin has limited anti-microbial activity,
      perhaps restricted to certain intra-cellular parasites.

PMID- 6368833
TI  - Replacement of missing anterior teeth utilizing two resin bonding techniques.

PMID- 6368834
TI  - Alteration of cartilage matrix morphology with histological processing.
AB  - An interlacunar network in the extracellular matrix of femoral head articular
      cartilage of neonatal rats was seen by light microscopy to: (1) consist of
      elements, 0.5 micron thick, which occurred as individual elements, as bundles of
      elements, and as fused elements, (2) stain intensely with toluidine blue,
      methylene blue, and safranin O, and (3) connect chondrocytes by inserting on the
      chondrocyte capsules which were composed of morphologically and cytochemically
      similar material. By electron microscopy, the single elements were seen to be
      composed of thicker, denser staining areas of the honeycomb appearing matrix and
      the fused elements appeared as non-membrane bound channels containing granular
      material. Articular cartilage was processed using combinations of fixatives,
      dehydrating agents, and embedding media. Regardless of fixation,
      demineralization, or embedding, the network was not seen after dehydration of the
      cartilage with methanol, ethanol, acetone or tert-butanol but was seen after
      dehydration with aqueous solutions of glycol methacrylate, propylene oxide, 2
      propanol or 2,2-dimethoxypropane. Network visualization following a variety of
      methods demonstrated that no single fixative, dehydrating agent, or embedding
      medium caused its formation. The presence of the network in different cartilage
      zones, its consistent morphology by light and electron microscopy, the uniformity
      of the elements in their connection with the chondrocytes, and presence in fresh
      frozen sections suggest the network may be real, but rigorous evidence for its
      existence in vivo is still required. Since cartilage morphology was altered by
      histological methods, especially dehydration, common methods used in studying
      connective tissue matrix should be evaluated to determine their effect on matrix
      morphology.

PMID- 6368835
TI  - A method for exposing the internal anatomy of small and delicate tissues for
      correlated SEM/TEM studies using polyethylene glycol embedding.
AB  - A method for preparing and handling large, clean, distortion-free cut surfaces
      through small and delicate tissues for correlated SEM/TEM examination is
      described. In this method, tissues are fixed according to conventional protocols;
      however, instead of critical-point-drying after fixation, tissues are first
      embedded in polyethylene glycol (PEG), a water-soluble waxy solid. Tissue blocks
      are easily oriented and sectioned to the desired regions, immersed in a solvent
      to remove PEG, critical-point-dried, and examined with an SEM. The same tissue
      blocks can be reworked for TEM by immersing in propylene oxide and embedding in
      an epoxy resin.

PMID- 6368836
TI  - A preparation method for observing intracellular structures by scanning electron
      microscopy.
AB  - In order to observe intracellular structures by scanning electron microscopy,
      excess cytoplasmic matrix must be removed from the fractured surface of cells.
      Previously we reported an Osmium-DMSO-Osmium method devised for this purpose.
      This method is very effective in revealing intracellular structures, but requires
      osmium tetroxide for initial fixation with some consequent disadvantages. In the
      present study, a revised Osmium-DMSO-Osmium method is reported, in which an
      aldehyde mixture is used as the initial fixative instead of osmium tetroxide. As
      fixation is carried out by perfusion in this revised method, better preservation
      of fine structures is achieved than by the original method, especially in the
      central nervous tissue which tends to suffer from post-mortem degeneration.
      Moreover this method can be applied to cytochemical studies of intracellular
      structures with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In this study, acid
      phosphatase of lysosomes is demonstrated in a coloured SEM micrograph.

PMID- 6368837
TI  - Resonance suppression in a TEM cell.
AB  - All TEmnp resonances in a TEM cell have been suppressed by cutting the cell walls
      longitudinally. The TMmnp resonances and propagating TEM mode were not affected.
      The suppressed resonances have a residual interaction with a biological body
      inside the cell. Because of this, the modified cell can only be used for
      bioeffects dosimetry studies at a small number of frequencies above the upper
      limit for the original cell. Where an accuracy of only +/- 5 dB is required, such
      as in some EMC studies, the effective bandwidth of the modified cell is twice
      that of the original cell.

PMID- 6368838
TI  - Transcription of a gene cluster coding for two aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and an
      initiation factor in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The alpha and beta subunits of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase are encoded by the
      pheS and pheT genes, respectively. These genes are clustered closely together
      with the genes for threonyl-tRNA synthetase (thrS) and translation initiation
      factor IF3 (infC); the gene order is thrS infC pheS pheT. We have used two
      methods to study the transcription pattern within this cluster. The first was the
      in vitro transcription of DNA restriction fragments with purified RNA polymerase,
      followed by fractionation of the RNA products by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. The second method was the mapping of promoters by means of the
      "abortive initiation" reaction of McClure and co-workers. This procedure consists
      of the incubation of RNA polymerase with DNA restriction fragments plus one
      nucleoside monophosphate and one [alpha-32P]nucleoside triphosphate; the
      polymerase synthesizes dinucleotide products of known sequence at promoter sites
      in the DNA. We found that transcription initiated at an internal site within infC
      (designated P1), and at two promoter sites between infC and pheS (designated P2
      and P3). Transcription terminated at two sites about 200 nucleotides apart,
      located just before pheS. The initiation and termination signals were arranged so
      as to yield a nested set of overlapping transcripts. At the P1 promoter,
      transcription initiated with G-C, at P2 with A-C and sometimes A-G, and at P3
      with G-U. Promoter activity was also found in a 3000-base interval that includes
      the start of the thrS gene; eight or nine transcripts (not mapped in detail) were
      observed, which started with at least four different dinucleotides. All major
      initiation sites in the gene cluster represented purine starts, although some
      pyrimidine initiation was observed in trace amounts. No promoter activity was
      found between pheS and pheT with either of the two techniques; this observation
      supports the conclusion that these genes are co-transcribed. No evidence was
      found for any promoter between the termination sites and the beginning of the
      pheS gene. It is suggested that one of the terminators is an attenuation site
      controlling the extension of transcription into pheS and pheT. Attenuation may
      explain the observed regulation of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase by the amino acid
      supply.

PMID- 6368839
TI  - Polymorphic transition of the flagellar polyhook from Escherichia coli and
      Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - Bacterial flagellar polyhook fibers were reversibly transformed into a set of
      helical forms depending on pH, ionic strength and temperature. Electron
      microscopy with formalin fixation and freeze-drying was useful for observing
      three-dimensional shapes of various polyhook helices and determining their
      helical handedness. A Cartesian plot of curvature against twist for these
      polyhook helices gave a sinusoidal curve as in the case of the polymorphic forms
      of flagellar filament. In the study on the polymorphism of flagellar filaments.
      Calladine (1976, 1978) and Kamiya et al. (1979) pointed out that such a relation
      in the polymorphic forms could be derived from the assumption that the subunits
      on the near-longitudinal (11-start) helical lines should work as elastic fibers
      (protofilaments) having two distinct states of conformation. In contrast, the
      observed twist for the polyhook helices is too large to be explained by the same
      assumption. Instead, we must assume that subunits on the strongly twisted, 16
      start helical line should work as the co-operative protofilament.

PMID- 6368840
TI  - Frequently cited sources in human sexology.
AB  - Counting professional citations in the field of human sexology can yield an
      increased understanding of important clinical/research contributions, their
      authors and institutions, and central topics within an ever-increasing body of
      sexological information. This article provides lists of both authors and specific
      articles and books that are frequently cited in recent sex research. Frequency
      analyses were based on 4440 references in three major sex research journals for
      two complete years. Results are discussed in terms of citation patterns and their
      implications.

PMID- 6368841
TI  - Neuraminidase production by Candida albicans.
AB  - A Candida albicans strain G42, isolated from a vaginal infection, was
      demonstrated to produce neuraminidase in culture filtrates with activity for N
      acyl-neuraminic acid glycoprotein from bovine submaxillary gland, and human
      erythrocytes as substrates. Incubation of viable cells from G42 with human group
      O Rh(+) erythrocytes released N-acetyl-neuraminic acid in a time-dependent
      manner. Thirty-two clinical isolates of C albicans were studied for neuraminidase
      production. Enzyme activity was found in culture filtrates from five strains.It
      would appear important from these data to determine whether the production of
      neuraminidase by C albicans can be correlated with pathogenicity.

PMID- 6368842
TI  - High-frequency jet ventilation in a patient with sarcoidosis and bilateral
      bronchopleural fistulae.
AB  - A patient with sarcoidosis developed bilateral bronchopleural fistulae and was
      managed with high-frequency ventilation. A review of this technique along with
      other mechanical ventilatory measures is presented.

PMID- 6368843
TI  - The single-crystal sapphire endosseous dental implant. III. Preliminary human
      clinical trials.

PMID- 6368844
TI  - Pyrolite carbon-coated endosseous post-type dental implant.

PMID- 6368845
TI  - The relationship between endosteal implant design and function: maximum stress
      distribution with computer-formed, three dimensional Flexi-Cup blades.

PMID- 6368846
TI  - Clinical experience with the Titanodont subcortical implant system.

PMID- 6368847
TI  - Mechanical analysis of Linkow blade vent implants.

PMID- 6368849
TI  - The two-phase implantation method using IMZ intramobile cylinder implants.

PMID- 6368848
TI  - Salvaging condemned lower anterior teeth - using them as abutments.

PMID- 6368850
TI  - The mechanism of movements and support of dental implants and fixed saddles.

PMID- 6368851
TI  - Glial contribution to amino acid content and metabolism of the deafferented
      dentate gyrus.
AB  - The time course of tissue content and evoked release of endogenous amino acids
      was analyzed in the partially deafferented dentate gyrus of the rat hippocampus 2
      24 days following unilateral lesion of the perforant path. Amino acids in tissue
      extracts and perfusates were determined after precolumn derivatization and hplc
      separation. The astrocytic glial cell reaction was monitored with
      immunohistochemistry of S-100. The tissue content of glutamate decreased
      significantly on the lesioned side, whereas only a moderate reduction in taurine,
      aspartate, and alanine occurred. Glutamine was significantly elevated at 7 days.
      The evoked efflux of glutamate was reduced at 2 and 7 days, whereas no change was
      seen at longer survival periods. The evoked release of GABA and aspartate
      increased on the denervated side after 12 and 24 days. The rate of carbon
      utilization into amino acid pools was followed with 14C-glucose and 14C-acetate.
      The incorporation of acetate showed a peak 2-9 days following lesion, which
      paralleled in time the hypertrophic glial cells. The incorporation of glucose
      decreased during this period. The metabolic events are discussed in relation to
      the morphological changes in synapses and glial cells.

PMID- 6368852
TI  - Studies of trauma and shock in man: William S. Stone's role in the military
      effort (1983 William S. Stone lecture).

PMID- 6368853
TI  - Foreign body pulmonary embolism originating from a gunshot wound to the head.
AB  - Foreign body pulmonary emboli from a cranial venous sinus are unusual. Two
      patients are presented with gunshot wounds to the head who subsequently developed
      foreign body pulmonary emboli. Neither had any pulmonary complaints at
      presentation or during followup. Radiologists and primary care physicians should
      be aware of the possibility of distal missile pulmonary emboli when a foreign
      body enters the peripheral venous system or an intracranial venous sinus.

PMID- 6368854
TI  - Major traumatic and septic genital injuries.
AB  - Major injuries to the testicles, penis, and genital skin from trauma and
      infection were seen in 62 patients over a 6-year period (1977 to 1983). Urethral
      injuries were excluded. In the past blunt testicle injuries were infrequently
      diagnosed and surgically ignored because of large surrounding hematomas. With the
      use of real-time ultrasound, 17 of 18 cases of testicle rupture were correctly
      diagnosed preoperatively. Surgical repair resulted in testicle salvage in 16
      patients. Penetrating testicle injuries resulted in a high orchiectomy rate
      secondary to the infrequently described but recognized entity of self
      emasculation in transsexuals. Penile rupture from blunt injuries (8) was
      successfully repaired and complete function was recovered. Penetrating penile
      injuries (4) were extensive and involved the urethra in two cases; full function
      returned after reconstruction. Major skin loss of the penis and/or scrotum (19)
      occurred from necrotizing fasciitis, burns, avulsion and penetrating injuries.
      Early debridement, bowel and urinary diversion followed by penile skin grafting,
      thigh pouches to protect testicles, and scrotal reconstruction resulted in
      acceptable cosmetic and functional results in all cases of major skin loss.

PMID- 6368856
TI  - Anti-inflammatory drugs in the vascular response to burn injury.
AB  - Within 24 hours after a full-thickness burn injury, predictable alterations occur
      in the dermal vasculature. At the immediate site of injury, vessels lose patency.
      In the periphery, vasodilation and increased permeability become widespread. A
      variety of interventions were employed to prevent these vascular sequelae. While
      systemic treatment, immediately after burn trauma, with hydrocortisone or the non
      steroidal anti-inflammatory compound indomethacin, was ineffective in preventing
      vascular alteration, treatments with other NSAI agents such as ibuprofen and
      imidazole were effective in preventing microvascular occlusion. In addition,
      utilizing standard radioimmunoassay techniques, the concentrations of the
      metabolites of two potent eicosanoids, thromboxane and prostacyclin, were
      measured from fluid collected in the implanted wound chambers. Following full
      thickness burns, the synthesis and release of thromboxane were inhibited by
      indomethacin, imidazole, and ibuprofen. Furthermore, indomethacin and ibuprofen,
      but not imidazole, blocked the synthesis and release of prostacyclin into wound
      fluid. Significantly, ibuprofen was effective in preserving the dermal
      vasculature, even when administration was delayed as long as 6 hours after burn
      trauma. Pharmacologic actions not associated with the production of thromboxane
      or prostacyclin appear responsible for the protective effects of ibuprofen during
      burn injury. Such findings do not support an important role for either
      thromboxane or prostacyclin in the development of vascular alterations following
      burn injury.

PMID- 6368857
TI  - A model of experimental post-traumatic osteomyelitis in guinea pigs.
AB  - A model of experimental post-traumatic osteomyelitis is described in which the
      femur of guinea pigs was fractured and infected with E. coli (10(5)) or
      Staphylococcus aureus (10(4)). Traumatized uninfected animals served as controls.
      The animals were further divided within each group by treating the fractured site
      with an intramedullary wire in one half. Osteomyelitis developed and became
      chronic in all guinea pigs infected with Staph. aureus, and in nine of 12
      infected with E. coli. All animals infected with E. coli treated with an
      intramedullary wire developed chronic osteomyelitis; only four of seven from E.
      coli-infected animals with fractures developed this disease. Moreover, Staph.
      aureus could be recovered from the osseous tissue in the chronic stage of the
      disease regularly, while E. coli was only present in the early weeks after
      operation, but not in the chronic stage.

PMID- 6368858
TI  - Resuscitation of trauma patients with type-specific uncrossmatched blood.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to determine the safety of type-specific
      uncrossmatched blood transfusions for severely hypovolemic trauma patients.
      During a 3-year period 875 units of type-specific uncrossmatched blood were given
      to 160 severely hypovolemic trauma patients who could not be adequately
      resuscitated with crystalloid solutions. No transfusion reactions resulted from
      the administration of type-specific uncrossmatched blood. Subsequent major
      crossmatch failed to identify either blood incompatibility or significant
      antibodies. Type-specific uncrossmatched blood is safe and is a rapidly available
      alternative to crossmatched blood in the severely hypovolemic trauma patient.

PMID- 6368855
TI  - A prospective comparison of two regimens of prophylactic antibiotics in abdominal
      trauma: cefoxitin versus triple drug.
AB  - To determine the best antibiotic regimen to employ in patients undergoing
      laparotomy for trauma, a randomized prospective study was designed comparing
      cefoxitin alone with a triple-drug regime of an aminoglycoside, ampicillin, and
      clindamycin. One hundred nineteen consecutive patients sustaining abdominal
      trauma (97 penetrating; 22 blunt) were divided by date of admission to a 24-hour
      course of antibiotics. The overall infection rate was 16.0%, with 14.5% of the
      cefoxitin-treated patients, and 18.0% of the triple-drug-treated patients
      developing an infectious complication. Excluding remote site infections, the
      abdominal wound and intraperitoneal infection rates were 13.0% for cefoxitin
      treated patients, and 12.0% for triple-drug-treated patients. There was one
      instance of oliguric renal failure questionably related to an aminoglycoside. It
      is concluded that a 24-hour course of cefoxitin is a safe and effective
      prophylactic antibiotic regime in patients undergoing laparotomy for trauma.

PMID- 6368859
TI  - Use of existing computerized data bases in drug exposure assessment.

PMID- 6368860
TI  - Leucocyte migration inhibition test in human Plasmodium vivax malaria.
AB  - Specific antigen-induced T-lymphocyte response in human P. vivax malaria has been
      studied by a leucocyte migration inhibition test. The test was performed in four
      groups: (1) American/European controls; (2) Indians with acute P. vivax malaria;
      (3) immune Indians with no clinical attacks of malaria for 5 years; and (4)
      Indians with chronic infection. Group 3 showed significantly high inhibition as
      compared to group 1 (P less than 0.001) and group 2 (P less than 0.01). There was
      however no significant difference between the 'immune' and 'chronic' groups.
      Indirect haemagglutinating antibodies were also monitored in the test sera and
      there was an inverse correlation (r = -0.613; P less than 0.01) between IHA
      antibodies in serum and percentage leucocyte migration inhibition.

PMID- 6368861
TI  - Cumulative index to the first 10 years of the Journal of Otolaryngology
      (originally Canadian Journal of Otolaryngology).

PMID- 6368862
TI  - Ivermectin: a review of efficacy and safety.

PMID- 6368863
TI  - UV irradiation impairs in vivo encapsidation of bacteriophage T4 DNA.
AB  - T4 DNA structural requirements for encapsidation in vivo were investigated, using
      thin-section electron microscopy to quantitate the kinetics and yields of head
      intermediates after synchronous DNA packaging into accumulated processed
      proheads. UV irradiation (254 nm) of T4-infected bacteria just before initiation
      of encapsidation resulted in a reduction in the rate of DNA packaged measured by
      electron microscopy and in the yield of viable phage progeny. In UV-irradiated
      infections with excision-deficient mutants (denV-), the extent of packaging
      decline was proportional to the UV dose and phage yields were lower than expected
      based on the packaging levels observed by microscopy. Rescue analysis of progeny
      from such infections revealed elevated levels of nonviable virions. Pyrimidine
      dimers were encapsidated in denV- infections, but in excision-competent
      infections (denV+) dimers were not packaged. A UV-independent, 15 to 20%
      packaging arrest was also observed when denV endonuclease was inactive during
      encapsidation, indicating a denV requirement to achieve normal T4 packaging
      levels. Pyrimidine dimers apparently represent or induce transient blockage of
      DNA encapsidation or both, causing a decline in the rate. This is in contrast to
      other DNA structural blocks to packaging induced by mutations in T4 genes 30 and
      49, which appear to arrest the process.

PMID- 6368864
TI  - Characterization of the DNA-protein complex at the termini of the bacteriophage
      PRD1 genome.
AB  - DNA of bacteriophage PRD1 has protein P8 at its termini. Extracts of infected
      cells are able to derivatize P8 in vitro with labeled dGTP. Two early proteins,
      P1 and P8, products of genes I and VIII, respectively, are the only phage
      proteins necessary for the formation of the protein P8-dGMP complex. This was
      shown by complementation of extracts from cells infected with mutants and by use
      of extracts from cells carrying cloned genes I and VIII. With Escherichia coli
      mutants that are temperature sensitive for DNA synthesis, it was possible to show
      that the formation of the protein P8-dGMP complex was dependent upon the host
      replication apparatus. The analysis of the purified protein P8-dGMP complex by
      hydrolysis and enzymatic digestion showed that there is a covalent phosphodiester
      bond between tyrosine and 5'-dGMP.

PMID- 6368866
TI  - Improved results of cadaver renal transplantation with azathioprine, prednisone
      and antilymphoblast globulin.
AB  - From 1980 to 1982, 100 consecutive cadaver renal transplants were performed. All
      but 2 recipients received preoperative transfusion and all received an initial 2
      week course of antilymphoblast globulin. A prospective controlled evaluation of
      high versus low maintenance prednisone, and antilymphoblast globulin versus
      intravenous methylprednisolone for first rejection therapy was done. Over-all 1
      year graft and patient survivals were 77 and 96 per cent, respectively. Graft
      survival was equal in the high and low steroid groups. Antilymphoblast globulin
      was as effective as intravenous methylprednisolone in reversing first rejections.
      Graft survival was improved with better donor-recipient matched grafts. We
      conclude that excellent results can be obtained in transfused cadaver renal
      allograft recipients managed with azathioprine, prednisone and antilymphoblast
      globulin. The regimen of prophylactic antilymphoblast globulin, low maintenance
      prednisone and antilymphoblast globulin alone for first rejections is
      immunologically effective and steroid sparing.

PMID- 6368865
TI  - Independent mutations in Ad2ts111 cause degradation of cellular DNA and defective
      viral DNA replication.
AB  - An adenovirus mutant, Ad2ts111, has previously been shown to be temperature
      sensitive for viral DNA replication in vivo and also to induce degradation of
      cellular DNA. Soluble nuclear extracts prepared from Ad2ts111-infected HeLa cells
      grown at either the permissive (32 degrees C) or the nonpermissive (39.5 degrees
      C) temperature are thermolabile for elongation but not for initiation of DNA
      replication in vitro. Adenovirus single-stranded-DNA-binding protein purified
      from wild-type-infected cells can complement these extracts at the restrictive
      temperature in vitro. The DNA-binding protein synthesized in Ad2ts111-infected
      cells is stable at the nonpermissive temperature and is phosphorylated, as is the
      wild-type protein. In contrast, the mutant DNA-binding protein synthesized in
      Ad5ts125-infected cells is unstable. Ad2ts111 and Ad5ts125 do not complement each
      other for virus growth in vivo. These results suggest that Ad2ts111 contains a
      mutation in the DNA-binding protein that affects viral DNA synthesis. Finally, we
      demonstrated that, unlike viral DNA synthesis, the induction of cellular DNA
      degradation in Ad2ts111-infected cells is not temperature sensitive and that this
      phenotype is a result of a mutation in early region 1 on the virus genome. Thus,
      the two phenotypes displayed in Ad2ts111-infected cells, namely, the temperature
      sensitive replication of viral DNA and the degradation of cell DNA, are the
      result of two separate mutations.

PMID- 6368867
TI  - One-stage skin graft urethroplasty in anterior middle urethra: a new procedure.
AB  - A new procedure with the use of a free skin patch graft for the surgical
      treatment of strictures located in the mid anterior urethra is described. To
      avoid the formation of a urethral diverticulum, the skin graft is sutured
      dorsally rather than ventrally and subsequently is fixed on the tunica albuginea
      of the corpora, which support the patch. We describe 4 different procedures
      according to the extent of the stenosis and the degree of involvement of the
      spongiosum tissue by the inflammatory process. The preliminary results obtained
      in a small series of 6 patients are presented.

PMID- 6368868
TI  - Segmental renal vein renins and partial nephrectomy for hypertension in children.
AB  - Hypertension in children often is curable surgically. In many instances the
      causative lesion will be segmental and either vascular or parenchymal. We report
      on 5 children with a segmental lesion in whom the elevated segmental renal vein
      renins correctly predicted cure of the hypertension following partial
      nephrectomy.

PMID- 6368869
TI  - Ammoniagenic coma following ureterosigmoidostomy.
AB  - Ammoniagenic coma or episodic stupor is a rare complication of
      ureterosigmoidostomy. We report a case with the unusual features of normal liver
      function and normal liver biopsy. With extremely rare exception, ammoniagenic
      coma will not occur in the presence of normal ornithine-urea cycle synthesis in
      the liver.

PMID- 6368870
TI  - Effect of bacterial immunization on experimental reflux nephropathy.
AB  - This study was designed to test the hypothesis that young animals with
      vesicoureteral reflux might be more vulnerable to renal parenchymal infection by
      bacteria to which they had not been previously exposed. Forty-four crossbred male
      piglets had surgical induction of vesicoureteral reflux at 2 weeks of age and
      introduction of urinary tract infection at 6 weeks. They were sacrificed at 12
      weeks of age. Between the ages of 2 and 6 weeks, 22 piglets received subcutaneous
      injections of formalin-killed Escherichia coli in incomplete Freund's adjuvant as
      described. The remaining 22 piglets received incomplete Freund's adjuvant and
      vehicle alone. The antibody responses to antigenic challenge were weak to
      moderate. Immunized animals tended to have less renal scarring and better renal
      tubular uptake of dimercaptosuccinic acid, in addition to significantly lower
      serum creatinine values (p less than 0.001) and less mesangial cell proliferation
      in glomeruli (p = 0.05). We conclude that previous exposure to a specific
      bacterial strain and bacterial immunization have at least a mild protective
      effect on the development of reflux nephropathy.

PMID- 6368871
TI  - Alternative applications of cyclosporin A to improve kidney allograft survival.
AB  - This study applies cyclosporin A as a donor pretreatment prior to organ
      harvesting or as a graft pretreatment during preservation of canine kidney
      allografts by hypothermic pulsatile perfusion or hypothermic storage. All
      recipients except those in Group IX received minimal immunosuppression with
      azathioprine after transplantation (5 to 2.5 mg. per kg. per day). No significant
      differences in survival (X +/- SD) were observed between the 3 control groups
      which were either 1) flushed with untreated Ringer's lactate solution and
      immediately transplanted (Group I, no. = 8, 14 +/- 3.33 days), 2) preserved by
      hypothermic pulsatile perfusion for 24 hours (Group II, no. = 7, 12.0 +/- 8.92
      days), or 3) hypothermically stored for 24 hours (Group III, no. = 7 13.1 +/-
      11.6 days). A trend towards improved survival was seen in the 2 groups of animals
      that received kidneys that had been graft pretreated with cyclosporin A (12.5
      mg.) during 24 hours preservation by either hypothermic pulsatile perfusion
      (Group IV, no. = 10, 17.4 +/- 13.32 days, p less than .25) or hypothermic storage
      (Group V, no. = 6, 8 +/- 12.75 days, p less than .25). Survival of recipients in
      Groups VI (no. = 6) and VII (no. = 9) who received kidneys whose donors had been
      pretreated with 25 and 50 mg. per kg. respectively was dependent on the dosage of
      cyclosporin A used. Donor pretreatment at 50 mg. per kg. was deleterious to
      kidney function (Group VI, 2.16 +/- 1.47 days, p less than 0.0005). Donor
      pretreatment with 25 mg. per kg. did not significantly improve survival over
      control groups (15.66 +/- 12.9 days). Recipients in Groups VIII (no. = 10) and IX
      (no. = 6) were transplanted with kidneys from cyclosporin A pretreated donors (15
      mg. per kg.). These kidneys also received cyclosporin A graft pretreatment (10
      mg.) during 24 hours of hypothermic storage. The only difference between Groups
      VIII and IX was that the animals in Group IX received minimal amounts of
      cyclosporin A (5 mg. per kg. per day) after transplantation. Combined donor and
      graft pretreatment yielded improved kidney allograft survival (Group VIII, 21.7
      +/- 13.36 days, p greater than .10, Group IX, 20.83 +/- 14.2 days, p greater than
      .10). However, there was no significant difference observed as a result of the
      different immunosuppressive protocols used in Groups VIII and IX. These results
      indicate a trend towards improved renal allograft survival under certain
      conditions, after donor and graft pretreatment with cyclosporin A.

PMID- 6368872
TI  - Inhibition of bacterial adherence by cranberry juice: potential use for the
      treatment of urinary tract infections.
AB  - Cranberry juice has been widely used for the treatment and prevention of urinary
      tract infections and is reputed to give symptomatic relief from these infections.
      Attempts to account for the potential benefit derived from the juice have focused
      on urine acidification and bacteriostasis. In this investigation it is
      demonstrated that cranberry juice is a potent inhibitor of bacterial adherence. A
      total of 77 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli were tested. Cranberry juice
      inhibited adherence by 75 per cent or more in over 60 per cent of the clinical
      isolates. Cranberry cocktail was also given to mice in the place of their normal
      water supply for a period of 14 days. Urine collected from these mice inhibited
      adherence of E. coli to uroepithelial cells by approximately 80 per cent.
      Antiadherence activity could also be detected in human urine. Fifteen of 22
      subjects showed significant antiadherence activity in the urine 1 to 3 hours
      after drinking 15 ounces of cranberry cocktail. It is concluded that the reported
      benefits derived from the use of cranberry juice may be related to its ability to
      inhibit bacterial adherence.

PMID- 6368873
TI  - Prospective evaluation of renal allograft dysfunction with 99mtechnetium
      diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid renal scans.
AB  - A prospective, single-blinded study was done to determine the ability of serial
      99mtechnetium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid scans to diagnose renal
      allograft rejection. Among 28 transplant recipients 111 renal scans were obtained
      1 day postoperatively and every 3 to 4 days thereafter for 3 weeks in all
      patients retaining an allograft. Computer-generated time-activity blood flow
      curves were analyzed semiquantitatively for the 1) interval between curve peaks
      of the allograft and iliac artery, 2) renal transit time and 3) renal washout of
      radionuclide. Excretory function was assessed by degree and interval to
      appearance of radionuclide in the calices and bladder. Deterioration of renal
      blood flow and excretion compared to the initial scan was considered rejection.
      Of 52 scans performed during clinical rejection 47 (90.4 per cent) were
      interpreted as showing rejection (sensitivity). Of 53 scans interpreted as
      showing rejection 47 (88.7 per cent) were positive for clinical rejection. The
      remaining 6 patients (initial false positive results) suffered clinical rejection
      within 24 to 72 hours. We conclude that 99mtechnetium
      diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid renal scans are useful in the differential
      diagnosis of renal allograft dysfunction.

PMID- 6368874
TI  - Management of nocturnal enuresis with a vasopressin analogue.
AB  - The effect of 20 micrograms. desaminocysteine-D-arginine vasopressin intranasally
      on childhood nocturnal enuresis was studied in a randomized double-blind cross
      over series of 54 children. The wetting was significantly less frequent during
      the 2, 3-week periods on desaminocysteine-D-arginine vasopressin than during
      placebo periods, or during periods without any treatment. The effect of
      desaminocysteine-D-arginine vasopressin was reproducible and the efficacy of
      desaminocysteine-D-arginine vasopressin depended on the frequency of wetting
      before treatment. After discontinuation of the short treatment enuresis recurred
      immediately. No side effects were noted. We conclude that desaminocysteine-D
      arginine vasopressin may well be used in the management of childhood enuresis,
      especially in situations when an immediate effect is desirable.

PMID- 6368875
TI  - Renin-mediated arterial hypertension in a case of congenital renal arteriovenous
      fistula.
AB  - We report the first case of congenital renal arteriovenous fistula in which renin
      mediated arterial hypertension was the only clinical manifestation.

PMID- 6368876
TI  - Children lose a devoted medical champion.

PMID- 6368877
TI  - Treatment of recurrent genital herpes simplex infections with oral acyclovir. A
      controlled trial.
AB  - Two hundred fifty patients were entered into a multicenter trial to evaluate the
      efficacy and toxicity of orally administered acyclovir for treatment of recurrent
      genital herpes. The study consisted of part A, in which patients entered the
      study within 48 hours of the onset of lesions, and part B, in which patients self
      initiated therapy as soon as possible after the onset of a recurrent episode. In
      both parts, patients received either acyclovir (200 mg) or placebo, five times
      daily for five days. In both parts, the duration of virus shedding and the time
      to crusting and healing of lesions were shorter among acyclovir recipients than
      among placebo recipients. In part B, fewer acyclovir recipients formed new
      lesions during the study medication period than did placebo recipients. When
      parts A and B were compared directly, the duration of virus shedding and the
      times required for crusting and healing of lesions were significantly shorter
      among acyclovir recipients in part B than among acyclovir recipients in part A.
      No significant differences in the duration of itching and pain or in the times of
      subsequent recurrence were noted between acyclovir and placebo groups in either
      part A or part B. No significant toxic or adverse reactions were seen in
      acyclovir recipients. Oral acyclovir shortens the duration of virus shedding and
      the duration of lesions in patients with recurrent genital herpes. These effects
      are more pronounced when therapy is self-initiated by patients early in the
      course of a recurrent episode.

PMID- 6368878
TI  - Landmark article May 19, 1945: The surgical treatment of malformations of the
      heart in which there is pulmonary stenosis or pulmonary atresia. By Alfred
      Blalock and Helen B. Taussig.

PMID- 6368879
TI  - St. Peter Claver.

PMID- 6368880
TI  - Landmark perspective: The Blalock-Taussig operation and subsequent progress in
      surgical treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

PMID- 6368881
TI  - Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. Bone marrow transplantation in
      childhood leukemia.

PMID- 6368882
TI  - Ibn Tufail (Abubacer).

PMID- 6368883
TI  - Influence of gemfibrozil and clofibrate on metabolism of cholesterol and plasma
      triglycerides in man.
AB  - Mechanisms for the hypolipidemic action of gemfibrozil were examined in seven
      patients with hypertriglyceridemia. In addition, seven hyperlipidemic patients
      were studied with and without clofibrate treatment to compare the mechanisms by
      which these two drugs lower plasma triglyceride levels. All patients were studied
      on a metabolic ward. The first month was a control period, followed by one month
      of either gemfibrozil or clofibrate therapy. During treatment with gemfibrozil,
      plasma total triglyceride levels decreased by an average of 51%, and triglyceride
      levels in very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) fell by 57%. Transport rates of
      VLDL triglyceride were determined by multicompartmental analysis following
      injection of tritiated glycerol as a precursor. Gemfibrozil decreased transport
      (production) of VLDL triglyceride by an average of 28% and increased the
      fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of VLDL triglyceride by 92%. Clofibrate reduced
      plasma total triglyceride values on an average of 32% and VLDL triglyceride
      values by 38%. In contrast to gemfibrozil, clofibrate did not change transport
      rates of VLDL triglyceride but increased the fractional catabolic rate of VLDL
      triglyceride by 35%. Gemfibrozil thus decreased production of VLDL triglyceride
      and enhanced its clearance, while clofibrate only increased clearance of VLDL
      triglyceride. On the average, plasma cholesterol levels did not fall during
      gemfibrozil treatment, but levels of cholesterol in high-density lipoproteins and
      in low-density lipoproteins increased by 31% and 11%, respectively. The drug
      produced a 30% increase in fecal excretion of neutral steroids and a 37% decrease
      in fecal excretion of bile acids. Outputs of total neutral steroids and net
      cholesterol balance thus remained unchanged.

PMID- 6368884
TI  - Treatment of sexual precocity by removal of a luteinizing hormone-releasing
      hormone secreting hamartoma.
AB  - A 1-year-old infant was initially seen with precocious puberty that progressed
      rapidly and was associated with episodic gonadotropin release. A computed
      tomographic metrizamide cisternogram showed a pedunculated mass below the tuber
      cinereum; the mass was resected. His pubertal development regressed, his
      accelerated growth ceased, and his hormone levels returned to the normal
      prepubertal range. Immunocytochemical studies of the tissue demonstrated
      luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) granules in the perikaryon of
      neurons and axons in the hamartoma and axons connecting the hamartoma to the
      tuber cinereum. These data suggest that such lesions cause pubertal development
      by stimulating gonadotropin secretion via episodic release of LHRH. If such
      lesions are pedunculated, operative resection may be the treatment of choice.

PMID- 6368885
TI  - Landmark article Sept. 21, 1946: Nitrogen mustard therapy. Use of methyl-bis(beta
      chloroethyl)amine hydrochloride and tris(beta-chloroethyl)amine hydrochloride for
      Hodgkin's disease, lymphosarcoma, leukemia and certain allied and miscellaneous
      disorders. By Louis S. Goodman, Maxwell M. Wintrobe, William Dameshek, Morton J.
      Goodman, Alfred Gilman and Margaret T. McLennan.

PMID- 6368886
TI  - Landmark perspective: Nitrogen mustard therapy.

PMID- 6368887
TI  - Medicine in the USA: historical vignettes. XXIII. The automobile makes an impact.

PMID- 6368888
TI  - Successful immunization of infants with and without maternal antibody by
      aerosolized measles vaccine. II. Vaccine comparisons and evidence for multiple
      antibody response.
AB  - In 4- and 5-month-old infants in whom the undiluted chick embryo fibroblast (CEF)
      Schwarz strain measles vaccine had a poor immunogenic effect, there was an
      increase in immunogenicity when the high sugar concentration was diminished
      without reference to added albumin. The human diploid cell (HDC) measles vaccine
      was still superior in this age group even in a lower concentration of the Ikic,
      Edmonston-Zagreb strain of virus. More aerosolized, HDC Ikic strain virus was
      required for high seroconversion rates in 4- and 5-month-old infants who had
      higher titers of prevaccination plaque-neutralizing (PN) antibodies. Some of
      these infants had a delayed immune response that was absent at six weeks but
      present at three months after vaccination. The data provided evidence that the PN
      and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques measured different antibodies
      that develop and persist in different ways in 4- to 5-month-old infants. The HDC
      lyophilized measles vaccine yielded unexpectedly high seroconversion rates after
      subcutaneous injection of 5,000 plaque-forming units (PFUs) in 4-, 5-, and 6
      month-old infants: 69%, 89%, and 100% respectively, at 14 weeks. In 12- to 23
      month-old infants there was seroconversion of 92% and 100% at six weeks after
      inhalation of an estimated 175 PFUs of the CEF vaccine and 375 PFUs of the HDC
      vaccine, respectively. Within six weeks after vaccination, the PN antibody titers
      were significantly higher with the CEF vaccine (geometric mean titer of 2,275)
      than with the HDC vaccine (geometric mean titer of 343).

PMID- 6368889
TI  - Prevention of Hemophilus influenzae type b disease.
AB  - To determine the efficacy of rifampin prophylaxis in eradication of oropharyngeal
      carriage of Hemophilus influenzae type b and prevention of secondary H influenzae
      type b disease, we conducted a multicenter placebo-controlled trial among
      selected persons with invasive H influenzae type b disease. Households and day
      care classrooms were randomized so that their members received either rifampin
      (initially at a dose of 10 mg/kg/dose for two to four days [rifampin-10], but
      subsequently at 20 mg/kg/dose for four days [rifampin-20]) or placebo. Pretherapy
      H influenzae type b colonization rates were similar in the treatment groups.
      Therapy with either rifampin regimen significantly reduced carriage (rifampin-20,
      97%; rifampin-10, 63%; placebo, 28%). New acquisition of carriage was also
      significantly reduced by either rifampin regimen (rifampin-20 or rifampin-10, 2%
      v placebo, 6%). No rifampin-resistant H influenzae type b isolates emerged after
      treatment. Four of 765 placebo-treated contacts experienced secondary disease in
      contrast to zero of 1,112 rifampin-treated contacts. Because chemoprophylaxis of
      close contacts with rifampin seems to reduce significantly the risk of secondary
      H influenzae type b disease, we recommend the administration of prophylaxis in
      households or day-care classrooms where children younger than 4 years have been
      exposed to the disease.

PMID- 6368890
TI  - The tomato effect. Rejection of highly efficacious therapies.

PMID- 6368891
TI  - Landmark article July 20, 1946: Chloroquine for treatment of acute attacks of
      vivax malaria. By Harry Most, Irving M. London, Charles A. Kane, Paul H.
      Lavietes, Edmund F. Schroeder and Joseph M. Hayman, Jr.

PMID- 6368892
TI  - Landmark perspective: The ascent and decline of chloroquine.

PMID- 6368893
TI  - Dr. Johann (or Georg) Faust.

PMID- 6368894
TI  - Insulin treatment and myocardial function in isolated, perfused heart from
      diabetic rat.
AB  - Difficulty of some patients to maintain adequate cardiac output following the
      termination of cardiopulmonary bypass remains a significant problem in cardiac
      surgery. The patients with diabetes mellitus frequently fail to respond to
      therapy after the cardiopulmonary bypass. However, little is known about the
      relationship between the control of diabetes mellitus and myocardial performance.
      The purpose of the present study was to look at the effect of diabetes and
      insulin treatment upon ventricular function and myocardial microcirculation in
      isolated perfused rat heart. Experimental diabetes was induced by injecting
      streptozotocin and some of them were treated by insulin injection. Severe form of
      ischemia was induced in heart from acute form of diabetes and functional recovery
      was compared among the control, diabetic and insulin treated groups. In chronic
      form of diabetes, myocardial function and microcirculation which was measured by
      local H2 generation method were studied during aerobic perfusion and mild form of
      ischemic perfusion. The hearts from experimental diabetes were more susceptible
      to ischemia and insulin pretreatment protected the functional alterations. This
      beneficial effect of insulin was associated with improved glucose and fatty acid
      metabolism. Myocardial microcirculation in hearts from diabetes was significantly
      less than in control, however, this was not correctable by the insulin treatment.

PMID- 6368895
TI  - Cation transport of red blood cells from hypertensive patients in Japan.
AB  - This study was performed to determine whether there is any difference in cation
      transport of red blood cells from normotensive subjects and hypertensive patients
      in Japan. Net Na+ efflux and net K+ influx rates were measured in sodium-loaded
      red cells from 19 normotensive subjects, 22 essential hypertensive patients, and
      8 secondary hypertensive patients. The ratio of Na+/K+ net fluxes and the net
      cation flux rate were compared between these groups. The ratio of Na+/K+ net
      fluxes was significantly lower in essential hypertensive patients than in
      normotensive subjects. Parameters such as age, sex, blood pressure, plasma renin
      activity, and plasma aldosterone concentration were also examined in 2 groups of
      essential hypertensive patients, divided on the basis of their Na+/K+ net fluxes.
      However, there is no significant difference between the groups. These results
      suggest that the ratio of cation flux is related to hypertension independently of
      these parameters.

PMID- 6368896
TI  - Elevation of plasma renin activity during pregnancy and rupture of a dissecting
      aortic aneurysm in a patient with primary aldosteronism.
AB  - This is a case report of a 37-year-old Japanese woman with primary aldosteronism
      who was found to have high plasma renin activity during toxemia of pregnancy and
      who died of a dissecting aneurysm of the aorta about 2 years later. The autopsy
      findings showed cystic medial necrosis in the aorta and a right adrenocortical
      adenoma. The dissecting aneurysm in this case is probably related to hypertension
      and cystic medial necrosis. A definite diagnosis of primary aldosteronism cannot
      be made during toxemia of pregnancy, and it is necessary to do serial
      determinations of plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration
      after delivery to confirm the diagnosis.

PMID- 6368897
TI  - [2 cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis treated with allogeneic
      bone marrow transplantation].

PMID- 6368898
TI  - [Characteristics and functions of fibroblast colony forming cells in human bone
      marrow].

PMID- 6368899
TI  - [Hematopoietic changes following allogeneic bone marrow graft in idiopathic
      aplastic anemia].

PMID- 6368900
TI  - [Treatment of acute childhood leukemia. A new protocol 811 for the standard risk
      group of acute lymphocytic leukemia (Phase III study)].

PMID- 6368901
TI  - [A case of severe aplastic anemia successfully treated with allogeneic bone
      marrow transplantation].

PMID- 6368902
TI  - [A trial of autologous bone marrow transplantation in a conventional room by the
      use of a clean bed. A case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma maintaining long term
      remission following transplantation].

PMID- 6368903
TI  - [Studies of Hodgkin's disease in Japan: a historical survey].

PMID- 6368904
TI  - [Classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by monoclonal antibody].

PMID- 6368905
TI  - [Pathology of immunoblastic lymphadenopathy].

PMID- 6368906
TI  - Controlled study of therapeutic granulocyte transfusions in granulocytopenic
      patients with severe infections.
AB  - The effectiveness of therapeutic granulocyte transfusions was studied in a
      controlled trial involving 75 granulocytopenic patients with severe infections.
      Patients who had granulocyte counts of less than 200/mm3 and no response to
      antibiotic therapy were assigned to receive antibiotic therapy alone or
      granulocyte transfusions plus antibiotic therapy. Granulocytes were collected by
      filtration leukapheresis (FL), intermittent flow centrifuge leukapheresis (IFCL)
      or continuous flow centrifuge leukapheresis (CFCL). Therapeutic effects of
      granulocyte transfusions were evaluated on the basis of 20-day survival after
      entry into the study. The patients were divided into three groups: 1) 22 patients
      received antibiotic therapy alone for 29 infectious episodes (control group); 2)
      27 patients received 131 transfusions of granulocytes collected by FL for 31
      infectious episodes (FL group); 3) 26 patients received 139 transfusions of
      granulocytes collected by IFCL and CFCL for 27 infectious episodes (IFCL & CFCL
      group). The overall survival of the transfused patients was not significantly
      different from that of the untransfused patients. Similarly, there was no
      significant difference in survival between the transfused and untransfused
      patients when the data concerning septicemia were analyzed. When patients showed
      bone-marrow recovery, which was indicated by recovery of granulocytes to 500/mm3
      or more during the study, 20-day survival was observed in 13 of 14 untransfused
      patients and in all of 26 transfused patients. In contrast, the survival rate for
      the patients without bone-marrow recovery was 13% (2/15) in the control group,
      39% (7/18) in the FL group and 57% (8/14) in the IFCL & CFCL group respectively.
      Thus, the survival rate was significantly higher for the transfused than for the
      untransfused patients. These observations suggest that therapeutic granulocyte
      transfusions may be of limited value in improving the outcome of severe
      infections in persistently granulocytopenic patients. Since bone-marrow recovery
      is a critical factor for the prognosis of severe infections, therapeutic
      granulocyte transfusions do not provide any beneficial effects in
      granulocytopenic patients whose bone-marrow function will recover.

PMID- 6368907
TI  - [Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of rubella
      virus antibodies].

PMID- 6368908
TI  - [Angiocardiography, pulmonary arteriography and digital subtraction angiography].

PMID- 6368909
TI  - [Bronchial arteriography--diagnostic and therapeutic use].

PMID- 6368910
TI  - [Quantitative measurement of endotoxin in canine blood. 1. Application of PNA
      substrate].

PMID- 6368911
TI  - [Retinoblastoma: a model for the study of carcinogenesis in humans].

PMID- 6368912
TI  - [Evaluation of functions of the transplanted kidney using 123-I-ortho-iodo
      hippurate--renography and renal blood flow imaging].

PMID- 6368913
TI  - [History of Czechoslovakia and its system for nursing education].

PMID- 6368914
TI  - [Long road to the hospice movement--life of Mother Mary Aikenhead. 7. The 2nd
      visit to Dublin: visits to 2 psychiatric hospitals].

PMID- 6368915
TI  - [Assassination attempt on Shigenobu Okuma and nurses dispatched from the Jikei
      Hospital].

PMID- 6368916
TI  - [In search of educational humanity. 10. Understanding of man in education (6). On
      "Schools and Society" by John Dewey].

PMID- 6368917
TI  - [A long road to hospice movement--life of Mother Mary Aikenhead. 8. Activities
      during 2 months in Japan, a bioethics seminar at Nagoya, poetry, and a long
      preface to the biography of Mother Aikenhead].

PMID- 6368918
TI  - [Mrs. Fuji Hirano, an early graduate of Jikei Hospital Nursing School].

PMID- 6368919
TI  - [Stability of house drawing in the H-T-P test].
AB  - The stability of House Drawing in H-T-P test was examined by administering the
      test to 38 high school male students (Group A), 40 high school male students
      (Group B) and 32 juvenile delinquents (Group C). Group A performed the test two
      times, two weeks apart. The two sets of drawings were then statistically analysed
      by the experimenter. And the matching of 20 drawings of the first time with 20
      drawings of the second was attempted by four judges. In result, test-retest
      correlations were significant in the style of drawings and the impression as a
      whole but not so significant in details. Group B and Group C also performed the
      test two times but the instruction was changed in the second time. Result showed
      that the stability of drawings was maintained in Group C but not in Group B. Line
      pressure, One wall and Window Curtains were stable in drawings of all groups.

PMID- 6368920
TI  - Malignancies of the endocrine glands.
AB  - Patients with malignant tumors of the endocrine system can be effectively treated
      by surgery, the 5 year survival rate varying between 30-90 per cent, depending on
      organ involvement. In the Federal Republic of Germany, 1 out every 5 persons dies
      as a result of malignancy. Less than 1 per cent of the total annual rate of such
      deaths relates to malignancies originating in the endocrine glands.

PMID- 6368921
TI  - Analysis of data on 170 consecutive patients transplanted with kidneys from
      living relatives.
AB  - Graft survival, mortality, histocompatibility and rehabilitation were studied in
      170 consecutive patients receiving kidneys from living relatives. Average follow
      up was 5 years and one month with a minimum post-transplant evaluation of 6
      months. Overall patient survival was 93 per cent at one year and there was a
      remarkable decline thereafter. Overall graft survival was 84 per cent at one
      year, 73 per cent at three, and 67 per cent at five years. Among the 76 patients
      treated since 1979, both patients and graft survival have improved: 93 per cent
      and 80 per cent at three years, respectively, because of a decrease in serious
      complications. Although no correlation was found between HLA-A and B loci
      matching and graft survival in patients with no mismatch in the HLA-DR locus,
      there was a significantly higher graft survival. Infection, the leading cause of
      death especially in the early post-transplant period, has been brought under
      control. Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head which occurred in 27 (16 per cent)
      patients proved to be the most difficult problem. The majority of patients are
      functioning well socially and vocationally and reproductive functions have been
      restored. Transplantation offers a better quality of life for patients with
      chronic renal failure, as compared to hemodialysis. The increased procurement of
      cadaver kidneys must be given attention.

PMID- 6368922
TI  - Potassium-verapamil cardioplegia for myocardial protection: an experimental
      evaluation through preservation and transplantation.
AB  - The efficacy of potassium-verapamil cardioplegia for myocardial protection was
      studied using the canine heart preservation and transplantation system. Coronary
      vascular washout of the grafts was performed via the aortic root both in Group I
      (n=8) with 4 degrees C high potassium cardioplegic solution and in Group II (n=8)
      with 4 degrees C high potassium and 1 mg/L verapamil solution. The heart were
      immersed into the same solution as used for washout and stored at 4 degrees C for
      6 hours, without oxygenation and perfusion. The grafts were transplanted
      orthotopically under conditions of cardiopulmonary (CP) bypass. Adequate
      hemodynamics without the support of CP bypass was obtained in all the grafts of
      Group II during a 2-hour observation period. In contrast, only five out of eight
      grafts in Group I were able to support the recipient circulation. Contraction
      bands were more prominently and frequently observed in the histology in Group I.
      Thus, the combination of coronary vascular washout with cold potassium-verapamil
      cardioplegia and storage at 4 degrees C with the same solution seems to be
      effective for myocardial protection of the canine heart in cases of orthotopic
      transplantation.

PMID- 6368923
TI  - [Heart transplantation--clinical studies on patient selection].

PMID- 6368924
TI  - 2-deoxy-D-glucose stimulates acid secretion from chicken proventriculus.

PMID- 6368925
TI  - Pathogenic synergism of Fusobacterium necrophorum and other bacteria in formation
      of liver abscess in BALB/c mice.

PMID- 6368926
TI  - Rabies vaccine: reduced risks and fears.

PMID- 6368927
TI  - Law and the ED nurse: subpoenas.

PMID- 6368928
TI  - Changes in health care financing: implications for the ED manager.

PMID- 6368929
TI  - Trauma notebook: ophthalmic examinations.

PMID- 6368930
TI  - Paramedic practice setting issue: the legislative arena.

PMID- 6368931
TI  - Certification update.

PMID- 6368932
TI  - Freestanding emergency centers: issues at hand.

PMID- 6368934
TI  - Development of a cardiopulmonary resuscitation form.

PMID- 6368933
TI  - An unusual case of of impalement.

PMID- 6368935
TI  - Patient classification and required nursing time in a pediatric emergency
      department.

PMID- 6368936
TI  - Staff performance evaluation: What? Why? How?

PMID- 6368938
TI  - Aftercare instruction: urinary tract infection.

PMID- 6368937
TI  - Legal issues and risks of ED care.

PMID- 6368939
TI  - Management of the ED patient with a borderline personality disorder.

PMID- 6368940
TI  - A solid-phase, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for a human lung tumor
      associated antigen.
AB  - A solid-phase, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for a human lung tumor
      associated antigen (LTA) was based on immobilized LTA that was detected with the
      use of an antiserum raised in a goat against a highly purified antigen
      preparation. Bound goat antibodies were detected in a series of steps that
      included incubation with a) biotinylated rabbit antibodies to goat
      immunoglobulins, b) glucose oxidase conjugated to avidin, and c) peroxidase and
      the substrates glucose and 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonic acid).
      The absorbance of the final product was measured at 405 nm, and its formation was
      dependent on substrate incubation time and antibody concentration. The antigen
      was immobilized and highly purified, and the goat antiserum was bound to and
      eluted from an immobilized crude antigen column before use. The ELISA could
      detect less than 1 ng antigen and was able to discriminate extracts of normal
      lung tissue from those of lung tumor. As was found earlier with a
      radioimmunoassay for the same antigen, normal human serum could inhibit in the
      ELISA but only when used at high concentration, indicating levels of antigen or
      antigen-like activity in the 100-200 ng/ml range. With the use of this assay, 3
      lung cancer patients were monitored 6-12 months prior to death. In all 3
      patients, LTA levels rose dramatically 2-4 months before the patients died; in 2
      patients the levels exceeded 3,000 ng/ml just before death. In contrast, in 2 of
      these patients, carcinoembryonic antigen levels remained essentially unchanged,
      with no more than a twofold increase prior to death.

PMID- 6368942
TI  - Modulation of cell surface antigens induced by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13
      acetate in two myeloblastic cell lines, a promyelocytic cell line, and a
      monoblastic cell line: detection with five monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - The modulation of cell surface antigens in 2 myeloblastic cell lines (ML-1 and KG
      1), a promyelocytic cell line (HL-60), and a monoblastic cell line (THP-1-0) by
      the presence of 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate [(TPA) CAS: 16561-29-8] was
      investigated by indirect membrane immunofluorescence with the use of three
      monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) (OKM-1, 63D3, and MCS-2) reacting with myeloid
      monocyte antigens (expressed by cells of both granulocyte and monocyte lineages)
      and two MoAb (1/12/13 and MCS-1) reacting with myeloid antigens (expressed by
      cells of the granulocyte lineage). Functionally mature macrophage properties,
      such as adherence, morphologic character, and phagocytosis, were induced by the
      presence of TPA in each of the cell lines except for adherence in the HL-60
      cells. After 3 days in culture, the expression of the OKM-1-defined antigen was
      markedly augmented in all 4 cell lines. The expression of the 63D3-defined
      antigen was also markedly augmented in the ML-1, KG-1, and THP-1-0 cells, but it
      was not significantly altered in the HL-60 cells. The MCS-2-defined antigen was
      amplified in expression in the ML-1 and HL-60 cells, but it showed minimum
      decrease in the KG-1 and THP-1-0 cells. The MCS-1-defined antigen expression was
      suppressed in ML-1, HL-60, and THP-1-0 but was enhanced in KG-1. The suppressed
      expression of My-1 antigen (detected by the MoAb 1/12/13) was noted in all 4 cell
      lines. Thus in the ML-1 cells, expression of the myeloid-monocyte antigens was
      augmented, whereas myeloid antigen expression was inhibited in the presence of
      TPA, a result that parallels antigenic expression in terminal macrophage
      differentiation. The trend was true, except for the 4 cell line-antigen
      combinations (MCS-2-defined antigen and MCS-1-defined antigen in KG-1, 63D3
      defined antigen in HL-60, and MCS-2-defined antigen in THP-1-0). The
      heterogeneous attitude of some antigens to TPA found in these cell lines may
      result from the fact that they represent different points in the myeloid-monocyte
      differentiation scheme.

PMID- 6368941
TI  - Localization of a macrophage chemokinetic factor on neoplastic cells.
AB  - A rabbit antiserum was produced against a high-molecular-weight fraction
      (360,000) of murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)-conditioned media. This fraction
      contained a factor that increased the rate of random migration (chemokinesis) of
      activated macrophages (M phi) in male C57BL/6J mice. The specificity of the
      antiserum was demonstrated by the ability of the antiserum to absorb the
      chemokinetic activity from tumor-conditioned media. Immunofluorescence studies
      demonstrated cell surface localization of antigenetically similar material on the
      LLC, Ehrlich ascites cells, MCA9/14 and MCA64/8 mouse fibrosarcomas, and MBT-2
      mouse bladder carcinoma. The antiserum further indicated the presence of the
      chemokinetic factor (CKF) on the surface of peritoneal M phi previously exposed
      to tumor media. The CKF was observed on approximately 90% of the Corynebacterium
      parvum-activated M phi and of the M phi activated by maleic anhydride-divinyl
      ether copolymer (fraction 2), on 10% of the oyster glycogen-elicited M phi, and
      on 0% of the unstimulated M phi. these data support the concept that the CKF is a
      common surface marker of neoplastic cells and that it is bound by activated
      tumoricidal M phi.

PMID- 6368943
TI  - [Plasma renin activity and noradrenaline concentration of the blood during
      controlled physical exercise].

PMID- 6368944
TI  - Anatomical correlation and a technique for the posterior palatal seal.

PMID- 6368945
TI  - Nutritional and metabolic studies in children on continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis.
AB  - A study was done of 15 children and adolescents, aged 2.5 to 17.5 years, who were
      treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) for 6 to 24 months.
      Plasma albumin concentration decreased from 34.4 +/- 4.8 g/liter at the onset of
      therapy to 31.3 +/- 5.3 g/liter after 19 to 24 months. Children less than 6 years
      old had lower albumin levels (29.4 +/- 1.7 g/liter) than did the older group
      (36.3 +/- 4.2 g/liter). The lower plasma albumin was related to peritoneal
      protein loss but not to protein intake. Plasma free amino acid concentrations
      were not significantly modified. No changes occurred in the oral glucose
      tolerance test during the course of CAPD. Plasma cholesterol and triglycerides
      were abnormally high for age, with a correlation seen between cholesterolemia and
      peritoneal protein loss.

PMID- 6368946
TI  - Metabolism of orally administered branched-chain alpha-keto acids.
AB  - The changes in serum branched-chain alpha-keto acid (BCKA) and plasma amino acid
      concentrations, in response to a therapeutic oral dose of an essential amino
      acid/keto acid mixture, were studied in fasting healthy adults. Of the branched
      chain amino acids (BCAA), only the plasma leucine concentration rose
      significantly despite increases in al three serum BCKA concentrations. The plasma
      valine concentration tended to rise, but plasma isoleucine concentrations fell.
      When KMVA (keto-isoleucine) alone was given, there followed an increase in plasma
      isoleucine concentration and a fall in valine and leucine. Similarly, when KIVA
      (keto-valine) was given, plasma valine rose and leucine and isoleucine fell.
      These results suggest some transamination of the keto acid with amino groups of
      the other BCAA. KICA (keto-leucine), however, produced larger falls in plasma
      valine and isoleucine than was expected from the rise in leucine. In addition,
      KICA caused significant, insulin-independent reductions in plasma threonine,
      serine, cystine, methionine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and alanine. We conclude
      that although orally administered BCKA's will increase the BCAA supply, their
      value may not simply relate to the supply of essential amino acids for protein
      synthesis but to a direct effect of KICA on protein metabolism.

PMID- 6368947
TI  - Cadaveric renal transplants in children under 6 years of age.
AB  - Thirty-nine cadaveric renal allografts were performed in 28 children under 6
      years of age. Common primary renal diseases were glomerulonephritis,
      dysplasia/hypoplasia, and reflux/obstructive nephropathy. After a mean follow-up
      of 40 months of patients with surviving grafts, 19 patients had functioning
      grafts, 3 had returned to dialysis, and 6 had died. These children required an
      extraordinary amount of care postoperatively because of anorexia, diarrhea, and
      ileus. Their psychomotor and physical development was retarded prior to
      transplant; this reversed dramatically after transplant, but catch-up growth
      occurred in only 4 patients. Many patients were noticeably more active and
      distractible for 1 to 2 years post-transplant. Major causes of graft failure were
      primary nonfunction of 5 donor kidneys (4 from donors under 1 year old) and renal
      vessel thrombosis in 5 recipients (3 with native kidneys in place who received
      kidneys from donors over 10 years old). Other causes were recurrence of hemolytic
      uremic syndrome and Wilms tumor, rejection, and sepsis. Kidneys from donors under
      1 year old proved unsatisfactory, and large donor kidneys in small children
      tended to thrombose, especially when native kidneys with high urine output were
      left in situ.

PMID- 6368948
TI  - Glucose intolerance in children with chronic renal failure.
AB  - Carbohydrate metabolism was studied by the hyperglycemic clamp technique in 14
      children with moderate to severe chronic renal failure (CRF) (8 pubertal and 6
      prepubertal) and was compared with 5 healthy prepubertal children and 7 healthy
      young adults. Constant hyperglycemia was maintained for 120 min. Under these
      conditions, the average glucose infusion rate (M) is an index of glucose
      metabolic rate, the average insulin response (I) is an index of beta cell
      responsiveness to hyperglycemia, and the M/I ratio is an index of insulin
      sensitivity. Children with CRF were glucose intolerant (lower M),
      hyperinsulinemic (higher I), and insulin resistant (lower M/I) compared with the
      control children. An age-related difference in glucose tolerance and insulin
      sensitivity was noted. Pubertal children with CRF had lower M and lower M/I
      compared with prepubertal children with CRF. The 7 adult controls also had lower
      M and lower M/I compared with the 5 children controls. M and M/I correlated with
      glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the 8 pubertal children, while M/I also
      correlated with GFR in the 6 prepubertal children with CRF. The hyperglycemic
      clamp provides a useful tool in studying the pathogenesis of carbohydrate
      disturbances in children with CRF.

PMID- 6368949
TI  - Vasoactive hormones in children with chronic renal failure.
AB  - Plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone, vasopressin and catecholamines were
      measured in 15 children (ages 7.3 to 16.2 years) with chronic renal failure (CRF)
      before and after one session of hemodialysis and in 15 control children. Basal
      levels of PRA and aldosterone in children with CRF did not differ significantly
      from control values, but showed a wider range. Uremic patients with
      nephronophthisis showed the highest basal PRA and aldosterone levels. In children
      with CRF, basal vasopressin levels were significantly higher (9.7 +/- [SEM] 2.0
      ng/liter) than control values (3.2 +/- 0.8 ng/liter). Plasma noradrenalin and
      adrenalin concentrations were similar in children with CRF and controls. During
      hemodialysis, a fall in blood pressure and a rise in heart rate was observed in
      all children. PRA and catecholamines increased twofold to fivefold during
      dialysis while aldosterone and vasopressin showed a variable response. In
      contrast to reports in adults, there is no evidence for an insufficiency of
      vasoactive hormones or of the sympathetic nervous system in children on
      hemodialysis.

PMID- 6368950
TI  - Skeletal growth in experimental uremia.
AB  - Although in recent years experimental work on growth in uremia has clarified many
      issues, many key questions cannot be answered with available experimental data.
      In our own studies on subtotally nephrectomized rats, uremic animals consumed
      less food and grew less. However, although low energy intake diminishes growth,
      it has not been established that high protein energy intake will normalize
      growth. We showed that uremia reduced growth (and net protein synthesis) even
      under conditions of controlled food intake. In renal failure the optimal dietary
      protein level for growth or for efficiency of utilization has not been
      established, particularly since protein intake has an independent injurious
      effect on long-term renal function. Calcium and vitamin D supplements improved
      growth in uremic rats, but the data cannot easily be extrapolated to humans. The
      growth-promoting action of 1,25(OH)2D3 was not superior to that of equipotent
      doses of vitamin D3. Correction of anemia and physical exercise did not improve
      growth. Diminished stimulation of growth cartilage cyclic AMP with PTH and
      augmented stimulation with calcitonin was noted in uremic animals. Growth hormone
      in supraphysiological doses improved growth and raised IGF carrier protein in
      uremic animals. Spermine, a potential uremic toxin, inhibited growth cartilage 3H
      thymidine incorporation, but only in concentrations higher than that encountered
      in uremia.

PMID- 6368952
TI  - [Primary reconstructive surgery in complete transverse rupture of the pancreas].

PMID- 6368951
TI  - Cardiac function in experimental uremia.
AB  - In acutely uremic animals, the contractile force of the heart is consistently
      increased; such an increase can be dissociated from changes of afterload or
      catecholaminergic drive. It is associated with diminished sarcolemmal Na,K-ATPase
      activity in the heart which, in turn, may be related to increased levels of
      endogenous digitalis-like substances (endigens) that have been postulated to
      represent a natriuretic factor. In patients with chronic uremia, myocardial
      contractility is usually normal, but occasionally there may be heart failure
      unrelated to pre-existing hypertension, coronary heart disease, anemia, fluid
      overload, or other recognizable factors. So far, the experimental basis for this
      clinical observation is uncertain. Possible causes for the clinical syndrome
      include an excess of parathyroid hormone or cardiodepressor substances. There is
      experimental evidence of impaired cardiac response to beta adrenergic agonists,
      e.g., decreased isoproterenol-dependent calcium uptake, diminished inotropic and
      chronotropic responses. In acutely uremic rats, cardiac cyclic AMP levels are
      high but can be reversed by beta blockers. Heart calcium content is variable and
      heart weight is constantly increased in acutely uremic rats, despite decreased
      skeletal muscle mass. The change in heart weight is not related to anemia, to an
      excess of parathyroid hormone, or to sympathetic activity; its cause remains
      unknown. Experimental studies to date have shown a variety of abnormalities, but
      do not provide a uniform concept of the mechanisms or an explanation for the
      cardiac dysfunction so often observed in patients with uremia.

PMID- 6368953
TI  - [Treatment of acute pancreatitis (review of the literature)].

PMID- 6368954
TI  - [Surgical treatment of stomach ulcer associated with duodenal ulcer (review of
      the literature )].

PMID- 6368955
TI  - [Topographo-anatomical substantiation of heterotopic transplantation of a child's
      liver to an adult recipient].

PMID- 6368956
TI  - [The 400-year "eye service" of George Bartisch (1535-1606)].

PMID- 6368957
TI  - [Hemodynamic effects of positive pressure breathing].
AB  - A decrease of cardiac output during artificial ventilation with PEEP has been
      reported in 30-100% of patients. The drop in cardiac output is caused by (I) a
      decrease of transmural filling pressures of both ventricles, (II) an increase in
      afterload of the right ventricle, (III) a change of left ventricular geometry
      caused by a right to left shift of the interventricular septum in face of an
      enlarging right ventricle. Afterload enhancement and right to left
      interdependance are effective on high PEEP levels only (above 15 cm H2O).
      Pulmonary occlusion pressure represents left ventricular filling pressure up to
      PEEP 10-15 cm H2O. A rise of cardiac output during PEEP may be seen (I) in
      patients with severe left ventricular failure, where hemodynamics may ameliorate
      with PEEP (II) in patients with very stiff lungs and low FRC before ventilation.
      A drop in mean arterial blood pressure was observed in a certain number of
      patients, while arterial pressure remained constant in others. PEEP should not be
      delivered to patients with arterial hypotension and hypovolimia before
      stabilisation of circulation and volume replacement. Regional blood flow is
      significantly altered during PEEP. In dog experiments a redistribution of
      peripheral blood flow was observed favouring the flow to brain, heart, adrenal
      glands small intestine and sceletal muscle and ischemia of stomach, thyroideal
      and fatty tissue blood flow. Within the kidney, a redistribution of blood flow
      away from the outer cortex compromises the kidney function (decrease of glomerula
      filtration, urine output and sodium excretion).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6368958
TI  - Bone mineral content after renal transplantation. Placebo-controlled prospective
      study with 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3.
AB  - Forearm bone mineral content (BMC), as evaluated by photonabsorption
      densitometry, was measured in 28 cadaver kidney donor recipients who entered the
      study 8 weeks postoperatively and were followed up for 18 months. BMC decreased
      significantly (p less than 0.05) but marginally in placebo-treated patients (n =
      14) (initial BMC 1.09 +/- 0.25 g/cm; final BMC 1.05 +/- 0.24). Fourteen patients
      were prophylactically given 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 in a dose which avoided
      hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria (approximately 0.25 microgram/day); under
      1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 prophylaxis a significant decrease of forearm BMC was
      observed no longer (initial BMC 0.94 +/- 0.21 g/cm; final BMC 0.95 +/- 0.21), but
      the difference between placebo and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 narrowly missed
      statistical significance (p = 0.066). It is concluded that the decrease of
      forearm BMC is negligible in transplant recipients with low steroid regimens. The
      data suggest a trend for prophylaxis with 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 to slightly
      ameliorate forearm (cortical) BMC loss.

PMID- 6368959
TI  - Diagnostic value of intermediate filament antibodies in clinical cytology.
AB  - Antibodies to intermediate filament (IF) proteins can distinguish the major
      tumour groups as shown by results with sectioned human material. In this study we
      evaluate the use of similar methods in the cytology of human tumors. Smears
      obtained from fine needle aspiration biopsies were investigated using well
      characterized antibodies, each specific for only one of the five types of
      intermediate filaments. Tumor cells of different carcinomas, thymomas, and the
      epithelial part of pulmonary blastomas were positive with antibodies recognizing
      cytokeratins. Tumor cells in non-muscle sarcomas, including lymphoma and Ewing's
      sarcoma, could be specifically identified with antibodies to vimentin. Tumor
      cells of muscle sarcomas were desmin-positive. Finally, tumor cells in
      pheochromocytoma and bronchus carcinoid were positive with antibodies specific
      for neurofilaments. Specimens were also examined in parallel using conventional
      cytochemical stains, such as May-Grunwald-Giemsa. In addition, in most cases
      sections of the tumor were examined both by histology and IF typing of frozen
      sections to confirm the diagnosis made on the cytologic specimens. The results
      show that IF typing is a valuable diagnostic aid in clinical cytology.

PMID- 6368960
TI  - Combination chemotherapy (VAC/FMC) with immunostimulation in metastatic breast
      cancer: a randomized study comparing different times and routes of administration
      of Corynebacterium parvum.
AB  - From January 1978 to December 1980, 222 patients with metastatic breast cancer
      were included into a prospective multicenter trial. All patients were treated
      once a month with six cycles of VAC- (vincristine, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide)
      chemotherapy, followed by FMC (5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide)
      until progression was documented. By random assignment, the patients received
      immunostimulation with Corynebacterium parvum (CP) by one of four methods:
      subcutaneous (SC) on either day 1 or day 14, intravenous (IV) on either day 1 or
      day 14. The 214 evaluable patients were equally distributed to the four arms. The
      rates of complete or partial response to VAC/FMC plus CP did not differ
      significantly between the treatment groups. Of our patients, 22-33% were definite
      treatment failures. The Kaplan-Meier curves of duration of remission (medians 14
      vs. 9 vs. 13 vs. 11 months) did not differ significantly. Only small differences
      in survival were noted among the four study groups (medians 15.4 vs. 17.5 vs.
      17.2 vs. 13.0 months). However, complete and partial responders lived
      significantly longer (Log rank test P = 0.008), when CP was given on day 14 by
      the SC rather than IV route (29+ vs. 14.3 months). Patients in the four study
      groups were treated with virtually identical doses of VAC/FMC chemotherapy.
      Patients receiving CP intravenously on day 14 experienced significantly lower
      mean leukocyte counts than patients in the other groups. Many patients suffered
      from high temperature (requiring treatment with antipyretics) and severe
      gastrointestinal toxicity, particularly when CP was given IV on day 1 together
      with the chemotherapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6368961
TI  - [Blood kallikrein-kinin systems and proteolytic enzyme activity in acute
      cerebrovascular disorders].

PMID- 6368962
TI  - [Clinical characteristics and treatment of patients with exercise-induced angina
      pectoris resistant to propranolol].

PMID- 6368963
TI  - [Gastrointestinal sutures in forming anastomoses after stomach operations].

PMID- 6368964
TI  - [Nervous system lesions in mycoses].

PMID- 6368965
TI  - [History of clinical teaching (on the 275th anniversary of the N. N. Burdenko
      Chief Military Clinical Hospital)].

PMID- 6368966
TI  - [Surgeons in the Middle Ages].

PMID- 6368967
TI  - [Problems of omnipotent objects - a psychoanalytic study of psoriasis. A case
      from the year 802].

PMID- 6368968
TI  - [Beginnings of education. Claude Adrien Helvetius (1772)].

PMID- 6368969
TI  - What do mast cells have to do with delayed hypersensitivity?

PMID- 6368970
TI  - Monoclonal antibody localization of Lewis antigens in fixed tissue.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies that bind specifically with Lewisa (Lea) and Lewisb (Leb)
      antigens were used in an immunoperoxidase assay to characterize Lewis (Le)
      antigenic profile of a variety of fixed tissues. Representative sections of
      normal and malignant tissue from the stomach, colon, pancreas, and kidney were
      examined and compared. Lea antigen was expressed more often in gastric
      adenocarcinomas (80%) than normal gastric mucosa (40%). In gastric tumors with
      concomitant expression of Le antigens, larger areas within an individual tumor
      expressed Lea antigen rather than Leb antigen. Expression of Leb antigen in
      normal colonic tissue was seen only in the proximal colon and not distal colon;
      colon carcinomas, on the other hand, expressed Leb antigen (64%) regardless of
      where the primary arose. Leb antigen was expressed in large pancreatic ducts
      (three of three) more often than Lea antigen (one of three); exclusive expression
      of Lea antigen was demonstrated in the proximal convoluted tubules of normal
      kidney (three of three) and in renal cell carcinomas (six of eight).

PMID- 6368971
TI  - Heterogeneity of myosin antigenic expression in vascular smooth muscle in vivo.
AB  - Rabbit antisera elicited against purified human nonmuscle (platelet) and smooth
      muscle (uterine myometrium) myosins identified distinct species of myosin when
      frozen sections of a variety of mammalian tissues were examined by
      immunofluorescence microscopy. Antiplatelet myosin antiserum specifically stained
      several nonmuscle cell types including epithelial, some connective tissue, and
      all vascular endothelial (arterial, venous, capillary) cells. Antismooth muscle
      myosin antiserum stained only smooth muscle and no other cell types. Neither
      antiserum reacted with rat cardiac (ventricular) or skeletal muscle cells.
      Antismooth muscle myosin antiserum staining was detectable in medial vascular
      smooth muscle in all vessels examined from rat, bovine, human, and guinea pig
      sources (including elastic and muscular arteries, arterioles, venules, and
      veins). Although antiplatelet myosin antiserum did not stain nonvascular smooth
      muscle or vascular smooth muscle in muscular arteries, arterioles, venules, or
      veins, it did uniformly and specifically stain medial vascular smooth muscle in
      elastic arteries. This staining of elastic arteries was abolished by absorption
      of antiplatelet myosin antiserum with purified platelet myosin but not uterine
      myosin. Similarly, the reactivity of antismooth muscle myosin antiserum was
      abolished by incubation with uterine but not platelet myosin. The differences in
      staining patterns observed with antiplatelet myosin antiserum and antismooth
      muscle myosin antiserum in elastic arteries versus other blood vessels suggests a
      heterogeneity of antigenic expression in vascular smooth muscle myosin. The most
      likely explanations for this heterogeneity are the presence of different gene
      products (myosin isozymes) or a posttranslational alteration (possibly
      conformational) of a single myosin species. Heterogeneity in this important
      component of the contractile apparatus of vascular smooth muscle may have
      significant implications for the physiology and pathophysiology of the vessel
      wall.

PMID- 6368972
TI  - Light and electron microscope analysis of lectin binding to adult rat liver in
      situ.
AB  - A comprehensive mapping of lectin receptors on adult rat liver in situ was
      performed at light and ultrastructural levels by using 12 biotin-labeled lectins
      and an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex. In addition, concanavalin A conjugated
      directly to peroxidase was utilized to study intracellular membrane
      glycoconjugates. To achieve optimal preservation of these membrane sugar
      moieties, several fixatives and fixation procedures were evaluated. A periodate
      lysin-paraformaldehyde combination provided the best compromise between
      preservation of ultrastructural details and lectin-binding reactivity. Hepatocyte
      cell surfaces reacted intensely with concanavalin A, Lens culinaris agglutinin,
      and Pisum sativum agglutinin (all specific for alpha-D-mannosyl and alpha-D
      glucosyl groups) as well as Ricinus communis agglutinin type I (specific for
      alpha or beta-D-galactose) and wheat germ agglutinin (specific for neuraminic
      acid and beta-NAc-glucosaminyl groups). In addition, R. communis agglutinin and
      wheat germ agglutinin exhibited an extremely strong reactivity for bile
      canaliculi which surpassed the binding of concanavalin A, L. culinaris
      agglutinin, and P. sativum to these structures. Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin
      (specific for beta-D-galactose-glucosyl-NAc and D-mannosyl groups), which
      exhibited a moderate binding to hepatocyte plasma membranes, reacted more
      strongly with the endothelium of sinusoids and portal vessels. Although all six
      of these lectins plus Bandeiraea simplicifolia stained Kupffer cells, B.
      simplicifolia lectin (an alpha-D-galactosyl marker) was unique in showing a
      strong reactivity for only this cell type. The avidin-biotin-peroxidase procedure
      is a sensitive method for detection of sugar moieties on cell surfaces of rat
      liver at both light and electron microscopic levels. In this study, the procedure
      was used to localize differential binding of lectins to several anatomical
      structures of the organ, and furthermore, we were able to map preferential
      localizations of carbohydrate residues in the glycocalyx of the rat hepatocyte in
      situ.

PMID- 6368973
TI  - An immunocytochemical method for demonstrating estrogen receptor in human uterus
      using monoclonal antibodies to human estrophilin.
AB  - We have used monoclonal antiestrophilin antibodies to develop an improved
      immunocytochemical method for localizing estrogen receptors in tissue sections
      with an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Rat monoclonal antibodies were
      raised against human estrogen receptor (estrophilin) protein derived from the
      cytosol of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. These monoclonal antibodies have been
      shown to have extensive cross-reactivity with estrogen receptors from various
      primate and nonprimate tissues. We have used frozen sections of human
      proliferative phase endometrium and an indirect immunoperoxidase technique to
      establish conditions for demonstrating estrogen receptor antigenic determinants
      in frozen tissue sections. The method involves (a) brief fixation with
      formaldehyde-containing fixatives either prior to freezing or immediately after
      cutting cryostat sections, (b) bleaching the tissue of endogenous peroxidase
      activity, (c) application of primary antibody or control immunoglobulin, (d)
      application of an adsorbed bridging antibody (goat antirat IgG), and (e)
      application of rat peroxidase-antiperoxidase followed by diaminobenzidine.
      Specific nuclear staining for estrogen receptor antigenic determinants was
      observed in the vast majority of epithelial and stromal cells. No specific
      cytoplasmic staining was identified in cryostat sections of any of the 17 cases
      studied for this report.

PMID- 6368974
TI  - Splenic artery aneurysms.

PMID- 6368975
TI  - Microsurgery and replantation in the upper extremity.

PMID- 6368976
TI  - James Rufus Bratton 1821-1897.

PMID- 6368977
TI  - Natural plant enzyme inhibitors: a comparative study of the action of legume
      inhibitors on human and bovine pancreatic proteinases.

PMID- 6368978
TI  - Differential scanning calorimetric study of muscle and its proteins: myosin and
      its subfragments.

PMID- 6368979
TI  - A miniature infuser for the pulsatile administration of LHRH.
AB  - This paper describes a compact, battery-powered infuser that is light,
      unobtrusive and simple to operate. A novel direct-drive method is used to deliver
      intermittent boluses of hormone at predetermined time intervals via a special
      prefilled syringe. Normal pregnancy rates were achieved in anovulatory women when
      infused with luteinising hormone releasing hormone (LHRH).

PMID- 6368980
TI  - Biomedical engineering--a reappraisal.

PMID- 6368981
TI  - Influence of prostacyclin on distribution of canine femoral blood flow.
AB  - Prostacyclin (PGI2) has been used clinically in the treatment of ischemic
      peripheral vascular disease. While intravenous infusions have been reported to be
      beneficial, the preferred route of administration (intravenous or intraarterial)
      and the influence of PGI2 on distribution of femoral blood flow have yet to be
      established. Bilateral femoral arterial blood flow was measured
      electromagnetically in 10 anesthetized adult mongrel dogs. The distribution of
      femoral arterial blood flow (FAQ) to skin, muscle, bone, and arteriovenous
      anastomoses (AVA) was determined by using femoral intraarterial injections of
      radioactively labeled microspheres before, during, and 30 min after 20-min
      intravenous (n = 5) and intraarterial (n = 5) infusions of PGI2 at 0.1 microgram
      kg-1 min-1. Control FAQ was 76 +/- 15 (mean +/- SEM) ml/min and its distribution
      to skin, muscle, bone, and AVA was 13 +/- 3%, 43 +/- 8%, 17 +/- 4%, and 26 +/-
      7%, respectively. Arterial pressure was 127 +/- 7 mm Hg. Intraarterial infusions
      of PGI2 significantly (P less than 0.05) increased FAQ to 240 +/- 43 ml/min which
      was sustained throughout the infusion. Distribution of FAQ to skin increased
      significantly (P less than 0.05) to 47 +/- 8%, while that to the muscle of the
      thigh decreased to 17 +/- 4% (P less than 0.05). During intravenous infusion of
      PGI2 at the same concentration, FAQ did not change significantly and its
      distribution remained unchanged; however, there was a significant (P less than
      0.05) reduction in arterial pressure to 78 +/- 6 mm Hg. No significant changes
      occurred in cardiac output, pulmonary arterial pressure, arterial blood gases,
      paw or core body temperatures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6368982
TI  - Cervical disc surgery--a historical review.

PMID- 6368983
TI  - Steroidal and nonsteroidal antiestrogens in breast cancer cells in culture.
AB  - The mode of action of two types of antiestrogens, tamoxifen and progestins, has
      been studied in the estrogen responsive cell lines, MCF7 and T47D, established
      from metastatic human breast cancer. (1) Non steroidal antiestrogens: We present
      evidence indicating that tamoxifen inhibits the growth of breast cancer cells via
      an interaction with the estrogen receptor (RE), which leads to a partial
      activation of the receptor and a dissociated effects on gene expression. At
      concentrations of less than 4 microM, effects of non steroidal antiestrogens are
      only observed when RE sites are available. At concentrations greater than 4
      microM, an additional (cytotoxic?) effect of tamoxifen is observed which is not
      mediated by the RE. (2) Progestins: Direct antiestrogenic effect of progestins
      (R5020, progesterone) on breast cancer cells have been demonstrated. Three series
      of responses to R5020 are obtained: (a) A decreased cell proliferation
      (antiestrogenic and progestin specific effect). (b) A decreased production of
      total proteins in the culture medium (antiestrogenic effect). (c) The increased
      production of a 48,000 dalton protein which is released into the medium after
      treatment with several progestins (progesterone, medroxyprogesterone acetate,
      R5020) but not other steroids (specific progestin effect). These responses appear
      to be mediated by the progesterone receptor and are not observed in RP negative
      cell line (BT20). Even though these two types of antiestrogens inhibit cell
      proliferation via different receptors, a common final mechanism (decreased
      production of estrogen induced growth factors or increased production of
      antiestrogen induced inhibitory factor) is not excluded.

PMID- 6368984
TI  - Corticoliberin neurons: cytophysiology, phylogeny and ontogeny.
AB  - In the rat hypothalamus, antibodies to ovine CRF41 stain neurons of a
      paraventriculo-infundibular neuroglandular pathway. CRF like immunoreactivity
      (CLI)-containing perikarya are mostly packed in the parvocellular division of the
      paraventricular nucleus. Their morphology and topography differ from that of
      other peptidergic neurons. However a few CLI perikarya are also stained with
      vasopressin antibodies. CLI neurons project massively to the external layer of
      the median eminence (ELME). Adrenalectomy induced a total depletion of ELME CLI
      12 to 24 h after surgery, followed by a secondary accumulation already
      conspicuous 5 days later. This biphasic evolution, identical to that of ELME
      vasopressin, is totally prevented by a replacement therapy with dexamethasone.
      Reserpine also induces an acute depletion of ELME CLI and vasopressin, that can
      be prevented by a monoamine oxidase inhibitor pretreatment. These results
      indicate the involvement of CLI neurons in the corticotropic axis, suggesting
      that they are indeed corticoliberin neurons. Among the extrahypothalamic
      locations of CLI neurons their abundance in the amygdala central nucleus is of
      interest since it is involved in the corticotropic axis. A similar pattern of CLI
      was noticed in several mammalian brains and also in lower vertebrates (birds,
      reptiles, amphibians, fishes). Species adaptations of CLI neurons were observed:
      CLI neurons are of the cerebrospinal fluid contacting type in the turtle. CLI
      fibres terminate close to corticotrophs in the fish pituitary. This suggests a
      direct excitosecretory role of CRF on these cells and concurs with a CRF function
      of CLI peptide even in fishes. CLI processes and terminals appear in the human
      fetal ELME at the 16th week of development and increase in number during the
      following weeks. Perikarya are seen at 19 weeks. In the rat CLI fibers and
      perikarya were detected as early as the 18th day of fetal development. Thus,
      paraventriculo-infundibular CLI system develops later than corticotrophs. This
      chronology perfectly concurs with the results of previous physiological and
      experimental studies.

PMID- 6368985
TI  - Intracellular CBG-like molecules in the rat pituitary.
AB  - The localization of transcortin (CBG) in pituitary cells of the rat was
      investigated using the peroxydase-antiperoxydase (PAP) technique. A rabbit
      antiserum against purified rat plasma transcortin was used as the primary
      antiserum. Transcortin-like (CBG-like) immunoreactive products were found in the
      cytoplasma of certain cells in the anterior pituitary, but not in the
      intermediate lobe and weakly in the posterior pituitary. It is postulated that
      the CBG-like molecules participate in the cellular uptake process of
      corticosterone, thereby modulating the feedback signal of this steroid on
      pituitary function.

PMID- 6368986
TI  - Improvement of specificity of anti-testosterone (T) and anti-5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone (DHT) rabbit antibodies by immunotolerance techniques.
AB  - Anti-testosterone (T) and anti-5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) antibodies were
      raised in rabbits after preimmunization with 17 beta-hemisuccinamido-, 7 beta
      hemiglutaramido- and 3 beta-hemiglutaramido haptens of DHT and T covalently
      linked to D-glutamic acid-D-lysine (D-GL) copolymer, followed by immunization
      with the corresponding haptens covalently linked to bovine serum albumin.
      Preimmunization with DHT-D-GL in the case of anti-T-antibodies or with T-D-GL, in
      the case of anti-DHT antibodies significantly lowered the T-DHT cross-reactivity
      in all cases, the most striking effect being observed with anti-17 beta
      hemisuccinamido-T antibodies (CR less than 1%). The evolution with time of the
      binding characteristics was also studied, showing that in several cases the
      lowered T-DHT cross-reactivity could be maintained after several booster
      injections until a useful titer was reached. The better results obtained with 17
      beta-hemisuccinamido haptens suggest that the structure of the hapten exerts a
      strong influence on the induction of immunotolerance.

PMID- 6368987
TI  - Hormonal regulation of testosterone production in short-term primary culture of
      fetal mouse Leydig cells.
AB  - Short-term primary culture of Leydig cells were prepared from 18 day old fetal
      mouse testes. The cells were cultured in a defined medium supplemented with 1%
      fetal calf serum, EGF and Insulin. The cells rapidly attached to the plastic
      culture dish. Seventy to eighty percent of the firmly attached cells stained
      positively for 3 beta-HSD activity and gradually assumed a flattened epitheloid
      appearance. The functional activity of these cells in terms of testosterone
      production and hCG-responsiveness was maintained for 2 days. There was a
      significant effect of plating density. Pre-culture (24 h) of fetal Leydig cells
      in the presence of 100 mIU hCG desensitized these cells to a subsequent
      stimulation by hCG. This is the first report of a short-term primary culture of
      fetal Leydig cells which demonstrates the maintenance of androgenic activity of
      these cells in vitro.

PMID- 6368988
TI  - Estrogen-regulated protein in human breast cancer.
AB  - An estrogen-regulated cytoplasmic protein has been purified from MCF-7 human
      breast cancer cells with anion exchange and monoclonal antibody affinity
      chromatographies. The purified protein has a monomeric mol. wt of 28,000 and
      isoelectric species with pI's between 5.9 and 6.0. Amino acid analysis indicates
      the protein is acidic, is probably hydrophilic, and contains unusually low
      amounts of methionine and half cystine. The monoclonal antibodies are of the IgG1
      subclass, exhibit a high affinity for the 28K protein, and recognize an antigenic
      site that is stable to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis and
      electrophoretic transfer techniques. These monoclonal antibodies have been used
      to detect 28K in certain human breast tumors.

PMID- 6368989
TI  - Mechanisms of glucocorticoid hormone action.
AB  - This work summarizes some of our studies of the mechanisms of glucocorticoid
      action, including aspects of steroid binding to receptors, the activation of
      glucocorticoid-receptor complexes and the regulation of expression of endogenous
      and transferred glucocorticoid-responsive genes. Studies of the receptor-steroid
      interaction support the notion that steroid entry is passive. A comparative
      analysis of binding in isolated cytosol and intact cells suggests that the
      initial receptor-steroid binding reaction and not subsequent steps such as
      activation and nuclear binding, is predominantly responsible for the high
      affinity state that is generated. The binding is driven by entropy and enthalpy
      changes at low temperature; at higher temperatures it is driven by entropy
      changes, with enthalpy working against it. Studies of the activation of the
      receptor-glucocorticoid complex with the use of highly purified receptors suggest
      that this step is associated with a change in charge of the receptor
      glucocorticoid complex (such as would occur with a dephosphorylation reaction),
      whereas the data do not support the notion that dissociation of a bound RNA or of
      receptor oligomers is responsible for generating the nuclear- and DNA-binding
      activity of the complex. Studies of the regulation by glucocorticoids of
      expression of the endogenous rat growth hormone (rGH) gene in cultured rat
      pituitary tumor (GC, GH3D6) cells suggest that glucocorticoids increase the
      expression of this gene by multiple mechanisms. First, there is a modest direct
      stimulation of transcription by a mechanism(s) that does not depend on protein
      synthesis; however, if the cells have been exposed to thyroid hormone for several
      hours, the steroid exerts a much greater increase in rGH pre-mRNA levels.
      Secondly, the steroid appears to stimulate some relatively stable function or
      functions that increase the ability of thyroid hormone to increase rGH levels.
      Thirdly, the steroid probably increases rGH mRNA stability, since the fold
      increases in rGH mRNA exceed those of transcription. Finally, the steroid may, by
      unknown mechanisms, affect rGH mRNA polyadenylation. The gene transfer
      experiments utilized the rat and human (h) GH genes and hybrid genes containing
      either rGH and Herpes Simplex virus thymidine kinase (TK) gene sequences or the
      human metallothionein-IIA (hMT-IIA) and TK gene sequences. The steroid was found
      to regulate hMT-IIA gene expression in all glucocorticoid-responsive cell types
      tested by actions on its 5'-flanking DNA. By contrast, the glucocorticoid
      regulated GH gene expression in some but not all glucocorticoid-responsive cell
      types.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6368990
TI  - Inhibition of luteinizing hormone secretion during quiescent interval of
      testicular androgen production in immature mice.
AB  - We reported [1] that the proliferation of seminal vesicle cells in mice takes
      place largely in the neonatal (days 0-15) and pubertal (days 25-35) periods and
      that between neonatal and pubertal proliferations, a quiescent interval of cell
      proliferation due to markedly diminished secretion of androgens occurs. The
      present study was carried out to investigate the mechanism for this quiescent
      interval of Leydig cell activity. Serum LH concentrations were moderate (0.29 ng
      NIH-LH-S1/ml) at 8 days of age, low (0.13 ng/ml) at 18 days, and high (0.78-0.60
      ng/ml) at 30, 40 and 60 days. The LH level on day 18 was almost the same as that
      found in hypophysectomized adult mice (0.12 ng/ml). These changes with age in
      serum LH concentrations paralleled those for serum total androgen (testosterone
      plus 5 alpha-androgens) concentrations. The injection of HCG (1 IU/day) or LH
      releasing hormone (0.1 or 0.4 microgram/6h) for 1 or 2 days resulted in
      significant and marked increases on day 18 in testicular and serum androgen
      levels and/or the proliferation of seminal vesicle cells measured with 5
      [125I]iodo-2'-deoxyuridine uptake by the whole seminal vesicles. These findings
      lead to the hypothesis that the quiescent interval of testicular androgen
      production due to inhibition of pituitary LH secretion occurs around day 20 in
      mice.

PMID- 6368991
TI  - New assay for steroid sulfatase (EC 3.1.6.2) and its application for studies of
      human placental and skin sulfatase.
AB  - A new, simple, fast and highly practicable sulfatase assay and its application is
      described. Sterol sulfatase sulfohydrolase (EC 3.1.6.2) activity is determined by
      a two-phase scintillation technique separating the unreacted [4
      14C]dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate from carbon-14-labeled products. The principle
      of the separation relies on the limited emulsifying capacity of the dioxane-based
      scintillation solution for water and the different partition of
      dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and sulfate-free steroid products between the
      scintillation fluid and the aqueous phase as recently applied for determination
      of aromatase activity [1]. [7-3H]Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate can also be used
      as a substrate for this assay. This test was applied to studies of microsomal
      sulfatase prepared from human term placenta and to the detection of sulfatase
      activity in human skin biopsies. Using placental microsomes, the Km of
      dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate was determined to be 5.0 X 10(7)M. Sulfatase
      activity in frozen scrotal skin was found to be 2-3 fold than with vaginal skin.
      Using an incubation time of 24h/skin sulfatase can be detected in biopsies as
      small as 2.5 mm2. The sulfatase assay can be applied for routine detection of
      human placental sulfatase deficiency and, furthermore, the application of this
      assay has to be demonstrated for the analysis of sulfatase activity in patients
      with congenital ichthyosis (X-chromosomal, recessive type).

PMID- 6368992
TI  - Testosterone metabolism by incubated rat testes after chronic LHRH treatment.
AB  - Adult male rats were injected 4 or 8 days with LHRH agonist. After sacrifice the
      testes were incubated in vitro with or without [4-14C]testosterone. After LHRH
      administration the endogenously produced amounts of testosterone and of 7 alpha
      hydroxytestosterone, the main testosterone metabolite normally found on
      incubation of adult rat testes, were drastically reduced when compared with
      controls. hCG, injected to rats 2 h before sacrifice, increased steroid
      production. In the LHRH-treated rats, however, the amounts of testosterone and of
      7 alpha-hydroxytestosterone produced were much less while an important formation
      of 5 alpha-androstanediol was observed. The testes of LHRH treated rats
      metabolized [4-14C]testosterone to a large extent to 5 alpha-reduced and
      unextractable metabolites while the formation of 7 alpha-hydroxylated metabolites
      was much reduced. It is concluded that prolonged LHRH treatment provokes not only
      a depression of the testosterone production but has also an influence on the
      testicular metabolism pattern of testosterone resulting in a proportionally
      increased production of 5 alpha-reduced steroids and unextractable metabolites
      while the formation of 7 alpha-hydroxylated steroids is inhibited.

PMID- 6368993
TI  - Measurement of endogenous subcellular concentration of steroids in tissue.
AB  - A reliable method for the extraction of steroid hormones from human uterine
      tissue and the subsequent measurement of these hormones in the subcellular
      compartments by radioimmunoassay is described. Extraction of radioactive steroid
      hormones from in vivo labelled human uterine tissue by different methods reveals
      that an almost quantitative extraction of steroid hormones from the nuclear
      fraction is obtained by sonication in ethanol-acetone. Extraction of steroid
      hormones with diethylether from a high speed cytosol is incomplete. Using a more
      potent denaturating agent prior to extraction with diethyl ether leads to
      complete extraction of unconjugated steroids.

PMID- 6368994
TI  - Conversion of plasma progesterone to deoxycorticosterone in nonpregnant Macaca
      mulatta: an animal model for the study of extraadrenal steroid 21-hydroxylase
      activity.
AB  - We have reported previously that during the third trimester of pregnancy a
      significant portion of DOC in the maternal compartment arises by extraadrenal, 21
      hydroxylation of maternal plasma progesterone. Moreover, the increase in DOC
      observed in plasma of women during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle, when
      plasma concentrations of progesterone are elevated, can be attributed to
      increased DOC formation in extraadrenal sites. In the present study, we sought to
      ascertain if progesterone is converted to DOC in adult, nonpregnant, female
      rhesus monkeys to establish this species as an animal model for further
      investigation of extraadrenal mineralocorticosteroid biosynthesis. We measured
      the transfer constant of conversion of progesterone to DOC in plasma [( rho]P
      DOCBB) from the 3H: 14C ratio of DOC in plasma after a 4 h infusion of
      [3H]progesterone and [14C] DOC into anesthetized monkeys. The [rho]P-DOCBB was
      0.014 +/- 0.004 (mean +/- SEM, N = 7) in the animals studied. The values obtained
      for [rho]P-DOCBB ranged from 0.006 to 0.04 among the animals studied, a range of
      values similar to that observed in pregnant and nonpregnant women, men, and
      adrenalectomized persons. On the basis of these data, we conclude that the rhesus
      monkey may be an appropriate animal model for further study of extraadrenal
      steroid 21-hydroxylase activity.

PMID- 6368995
TI  - Hypothalamic-hypophyseal-gonadal axis in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic male
      rat.
AB  - In the present work it was observed that the diabetic state alters the
      hypophyseal response to castration, without the expected increase in the LH serum
      levels, as found in the control rats. On the other hand, the stimulation of the
      hypophysis with LHRH resulted in a lower response in the case of the diabetic
      animal. The results presented herein are in good agreement with the finding of a
      reduction in the number of androgen binding sites and also with a diminished
      activity of the 5 alpha-reductase in the hypophysis from diabetic animals. The
      present results indicate an alteration in the hypophyseal gonadotropin production
      as well as in the overall process of hypophyseal response in experimental
      diabetes.

PMID- 6368996
TI  - Estrogen-like effects of norethisterone on the hypothalamic pituitary unit of
      ovariectomized rats.
AB  - The acute and chronic effects of norethisterone (NET) upon gonadotropin dynamics
      were studied in long-term ovariectomized adult Wistar rats. Time course studies
      showed that plasma LH declined within 1 h following a single NET sc injection and
      remained low for the next 4 h duration of the experiment. Pre-treatment with
      tamoxifen prevented the acute anti-gonadotropic effect of NET and GnRH
      administration to NET treated rats resulted in an abolishment of the pituitary
      responsiveness in terms of LH. Chronic administration of NET but not progesterone
      to castrated animals induced a significant decrease of plasma and pituitary LH
      with a concomitant replenishment of hypothalamic GnRH in an identical fashion to
      that observed with chronic administration of 17 beta-estradiol. Furthermore,
      administration of NET and 17 beta-estradiol but not progesterone diminished the
      number of GnRH pituitary binding sites to levels found prior castration. These
      results indicate that the effects of this 19-nor synthetic progestin upon
      gonadotropin modulation in the long-term gonadectomized rat do not resemble those
      of progesterone and suggest that NET is acting through different mechanisms. The
      data are consistent with an estrogen-like mode of action.

PMID- 6368997
TI  - Enzyme immunoassay of 11-deoxycortisol.
AB  - Enzyme immunoassay of serum 11-deoxycortisol was established by using alkaline
      phosphatase as a label. The labelled alkaline phosphatase was stable for at least
      a year. 11-Deoxycortisol in serum was purified by applying to Sephadex LH-20
      column prior to present enzyme immunoassay. Separation of bound and free form was
      carried out by adding anti-rabbit gamma-globulin goat antiserum as a second
      antibody. The minimal amount of 11-deoxycortisol detected was 40 pg/tube and the
      measurable range was from 0.04 to 10 micrograms/dl. Intra- and interassay
      coefficient of variations were 3.8-4.5% and 3.4-5.3%, respectively. 11
      Deoxycortisol values determined by the present method correlated well with those
      determined by radioimmunoassay (r = 0.98, y = 0.93 x + 0.19, n = 28). This enzyme
      immunoassay satisfied the standard criteria of dilution and accuracy, and is
      applicable to routine determination of serum 11-deoxycortisol in any clinical
      laboratory as a non-isotopic immunoassay.

PMID- 6368998
TI  - Inosine : a naturally occurring cardiotonic agent.
AB  - For many years, Inosine was considered to be a simple metabolite of adenosine
      which was devoid of any cardiovascular effects. This theoretical ineffectiveness
      can be explained in the light of recent studies by the use of inadequate doses.
      In fact, higher doses of inosine, a non-toxic nucleoside, have demonstrated,
      experimentally, a cardiovascular activity and the pharmacological profile of this
      naturally occurring substance has been defined. Like adenosine, inosine is a
      potent coronary vasodilator. The vasodilatation induced by inosine is only partly
      due to increased metabolic demands. Inosine has a direct action on coronary
      artery relaxation independent of the inotropic effect. It alters the balance
      between oxygen supply and demand which is reflected by an intramyocardial
      redistribution of oxygen in favour of the sub-endocardial zones. Inosine acts on
      the coronary circulation like a "regulator of myocardial nutrition", unlike
      adenosine, which can be thought of as a "coronary vasoregulator". This
      dissociation between the two nucleosides is apparently due to different vascular
      sites of action. The positive inotropic action of inosine, which has been
      demonstrated in both healthy and pathological myocardium in all of the
      experimental animal species studied, is not due to stimulation of the cardiac
      beta-adrenergic receptors, as beta-blockers do not antagonize the positive
      inotropic effect of inosine. This increase in myocardial contractile dynamics is
      evident in infarcted as well as healthy areas of myocardium. The inotropic and
      coronary vasodilator effects of inosine are not associated with any modification
      of the chronotropic function. Inosine is not arrhythmogenic, even at high doses.
      Furthermore, it does not affect atrioventricular conduction. It has been
      demonstrated that inosine is capable of antagonizing ouabain induced arrhythmias.
      Various clinical studies confirm the positive inotropic action of inosine,
      without any alteration in the post-load, the pre-load or the heart rate. The
      positive inotropic action of inosine can therefore be considered to be selective.
      Together with these haemodynamic effects, it has been shown that the addition of
      inosine to cardioplegic solutions improves the functional recovery of the
      myocardium, by increasing the quantity of energy-rich phosphates. Similar
      beneficial results have been obtained in renal transplantation, both
      experimentally and in clinical studies. The mechanism of action of inosine
      remains unknown. Are the haemodynamic effects of this compound due to its
      metabolic effects? Are there specific myocardial purinergic receptors? (ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6368999
TI  - [Pharmacologic characteristics of renal dopaminergic receptors: therapeutic
      perspectives].
AB  - The effects of dopamine (DA) on the smooth muscle fibres of the renal vascular
      bed are complex. They involve the postsynaptic alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors as
      well as the dopamine ones. On denervated kidney, in presence of alpha- and beta
      blockers, intrarenal DA perfusion provokes vasodilation, increases natriuresis
      and stimulates renin secretion. The vasodilator effect of DA on the renal
      vascular bed was studied thanks to an isolated perfused rat kidney preparation
      which, when high concentrations of phenoxybenzamine and sotalol were present,
      made it possible to measure the effect of dopaminomimetics and dopaminolytics on
      the renal vascular resistance of a kidney previously vasoconstricted by
      continuous PGF2 alpha perfusion. (+)--Butaclamol and cis-flupenthixol proved to
      be invaluable tools to demonstrate the specificity of the dopamino-agonists
      response, since both shift the dose-response curve according to the criteria for
      competitive antagonism at doses at which their isomers are not active (fig. 2).
      Thus, it was possible to calculate the apparent pA2 for the various
      dopaminolytics and to classify them according to their affinity for the renal
      vascular dopamine receptors. Table 1 gives the classification. Flupenthixol,
      which has only a low affinity for the alpha 2-adrenoceptors, already inhibits the
      vasodilator effect of DA at 10(-8) M. The low stereospecificity of the
      enantiomers of sulpiride allows a distinction to be drawn between the
      "postsynaptic" vascular dopamine receptors and the presynaptic ones. The agonists
      of the renal vascular dopamine receptors provoked dose-dependent renal
      vasodilation on our preparation when phenoxybenzamine and sotalol were present
      and this was stereoselectively inhibited by (+)-butaclamol. Table II shows the
      activity of the dopaminomimetics meeting these criteria. p-Tyramine, di-propyl-m
      tyramine and RU 24926 proved to have no dopaminomimetic effect. Their lack of
      activity seems to be attributable to the suppression of the hydroxyl in position
      4. Mesenteric, splenic or cerebral artery preparations were also used to
      characterize the vascular dopamine receptors : tables III and IV compare the
      results taken from the literature. The classification obtained tallies quite well
      which suggests that the dopamine receptors located in the various vascular beds
      are identical. We compared the characteristics of the renal vascular dopamine
      receptor established from isolated rat kidney, with three other pharmacological
      models of dopamine receptor : the activation of dopamine-sensitive adenylate
      cyclase, the presynaptic modulation of the transmission of the sympathetic
      influx, and prolactin release (Table V).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6369000
TI  - [Role of the endothelium in the function of vascular fibers].
AB  - The endothelial cells can enzymatically activate (e.g. angiotensin II) or destroy
      (e.g. bradykinin, norepinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine) vasoactive substances
      present in the blood (fig. 1). They also generate prostacyclin, which in several
      vascular areas has potent vasodilator properties (fig. 1). In addition,
      endothelial cells play an obligatory role in the relaxation induced by
      acetylcholine in isolated arteries (fig. 2). This is also the case for the
      inhibitory effect of adenosine triphosphate (fig. 3), arachidonic acid,
      bradykinin, histamine and thrombin. The inhibitory responses generated by the
      endothelial cells are not all mediated by identical cellular events. Thus, the
      endothelium-mediated relaxations induced by arachidonic acid are due mainly to
      the production of prostacyclin, while those induced by acetylcholine, bradykinin
      and histamine involve a product of lipoxygenase; the mechanism underlying
      endothelium-mediated responses to adenosine triphosphate and thrombin are unknown
      (fig. 4). In isolated veins contracted with norepinephrine, thrombin and
      arachidonic acid cause increases in tension which are abolished by endothelium
      removal. In several arteries and veins, the absence of endothelium prevents or
      reduces the occurrence of further contractions caused by anoxia. Thus, the cells
      of the intima recognize the presence of certain substances in the blood and in
      turn generate signals which alter the contractile behavior of the smooth muscle
      cells of the media.

PMID- 6369001
TI  - [Dopaminergic agents in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia].
AB  - The treatment of hyperprolactinemia with dopaminergic agents is directly
      correlated with the improvement of the knowledge about hypothalamic control of
      prolactin secretion. Since 1963 it is wellknown that the hypothalamus acts on
      this activity of the pituitary gland with a tonic inhibition. A prolactin
      inhibiting factor (PIF) was suspected for this control and the tubero
      infundibular dopaminergic system was considered to modulate the secretion of PIF.
      In fact a lot of experience demonstrated a direct control of dopamine on
      pituitary gland itself (fig. 1). Ergot alkaloids are the most useful dopaminergic
      drugs. They derive from 6 methyl 9 ergoline (fig. 2) and, in the main group of 12
      ergocryptine molecules, alpha-ergocryptine and ergocornine are the most potent
      (fig. 3). Bromocryptine (2 alpha-bromoergocryptine, BEC) is a compound (fig. 4)
      with a magnification of the effect on prolactin secretion and loss of uterotonic
      and vasoconstrictive effects. This drug acts directly on normal pituitary cells
      and on adenomas in vitro. The inhibition of secretion is first seen, followed by
      inhibition of synthesis. Transplanted tumors (MtTW15) are sensible to ergocornine
      but not to BEC. The oral administration of the drug is followed by an increase in
      serum concentration (fig. 5) maximum at 3 hours. The decrease of prolactin is
      progressive and prolonged until the 7th hour. Some similarities between the
      structure of dopamine and bromocryptine may explain the effect of the drug (fig.
      6). Hyperprolactinemia constitutes a frequent clinical syndrome with amenorrhea
      galactorrhea and sterility. The cause is a pituitary tumor composed of prolactin
      secreting cells. All the clinical and biological manifestations are due to high
      prolactin secretion and the surgical ablation of the adenoma is followed by
      complete cure. This result is obtained frequently in microadenomas. The medical
      treatment of hyperprolactinemia with BEC was initiated in 71 by Lutterbeck. Since
      that time a lot of clinical experiences give the same kind of results:
      Improvement in 100% of galactorrhea, 90% of amenorrhea and 80% of fertility.
      These results are now wellknown and the secondary effects of the drug are quite
      limited. The development of pregnancy in a patient suspected of a pituitary
      adenoma is a major problem which is now clearly solved. In a survey of the
      literature Nillius found 146 patients in this situation with only 5.6% of
      complication. Our experience with 18 patients is confirmative. Moreover we found
      after delivery a decrease of serum prolactin (fig. 7).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 6369002
TI  - 12th annual UCLA symposia. January 30-April 2, 1983. Abstracts.

PMID- 6369003
TI  - Cellular control models with linked positive and negative feedback and delays.
      II. Linear analysis and local stability.
AB  - An analysis of local behavior is made of two nonlinear models which incorporate
      both an induction or positive feedback control mechanism and a repression or
      negative feedback control mechanism. The systems of differential equations with
      delays are linearized about their equilibria. The related characteristic
      equations which are exponential polynomials are studied to determine the local
      stability of the models. Computer studies are included to show the range of
      stability for different parameter values, and the biological significance is
      discussed briefly.

PMID- 6369004
TI  - The effects of axial diffusion and permeability barriers on the transient
      response of tissue cylinders. II. Solution in time domain.
AB  - A mathematical description of transient mass transfer in a Krogh tissue cylinder,
      for which a solution in transform space was presented previously, is solved in
      the time domain. The solution is found in the form of an expansion in terms of
      the eigenfunctions of a non-self-adjoint differential operator, with the
      eigenvalues being found by way of a computational scheme which makes use of the
      known characteristics of the constitutive compartments of the system. The
      solution is compared with previous solutions of both a complete and an
      approximate nature, and two modifications of the single-phase axial dispersion
      model are found to be especially useful: the previously-used flow-limited
      approximation is satisfactory for highly permeable solutes, while the apparently
      novel barrier-limited approximation is accurate for poorly permeable solutes at
      the early times of most experimental interest. Although the neglect of axial
      diffusion does not affect the qualitative nature of the solution, e.g. in
      predicting a bimodal response curve, significant discrepancies shed doubt on this
      practice when truly impulsive inputs are used. The results obtained raise several
      questions regarding existing approaches to interpretation of indicator dilution
      experiments. These include the use of extraction ratios and of exponential
      extrapolation of the tails of response curves.

PMID- 6369005
TI  - Cellular control models with linked positive and negative feedback and delays. I.
      The models.
AB  - Basic techniques from biochemical kinetics are used to develop models for a
      cellular control system with linked positive and negative feedback. The models
      are represented by a system of nonlinear differential equations with delays. The
      lac operon provides an example of a control system where the transcription of the
      operon is controlled by induction or positive feedback control and catabolite
      repression or negative feedback control. These processes are linked through the
      metabolism of lactose.

PMID- 6369006
TI  - Myocardial protection: a comparison of cold blood and cold crystalloid
      cardioplegia.
AB  - Two hundred seven consecutive patients were randomized into four groups based on
      left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and subsequently into groups receiving
      crystalloid cardioplegia or blood cardioplegia. Hemodynamic data and enzymatic
      evidence of myocardial ischemia were examined postoperatively. We found slight
      but significant improvement in the blood cardioplegia group regarding left
      ventricular stroke work index. Similarly, the levels of creatine kinase and serum
      glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase were slightly but significantly better with
      blood cardioplegia. We believe that the technique of blood cardioplegia offers a
      slight but statistically significant advantage.

PMID- 6369008
TI  - Role of alveolar macrophage plasminogen activator in the acute pulmonary
      responses to endotoxin.

PMID- 6369007
TI  - Obstructive sleep apnea-pathogenesis and treatment.

PMID- 6369011
TI  - Meclofenamate treatment of recurrent idiopathic nephrotic syndrome with focal
      segmental glomerulosclerosis after renal transplantation.
AB  - Recurrent corticosteroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome with focal segmental
      glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) caused the failure of a first renal allograft in a 41
      year-old man. Recurrence of the nephrotic syndrome in the second renal allograft
      was successfully controlled by the administration of meclofenamate, and the renal
      function has remained stable for 2 1/2 years. No accepted treatment is available
      for corticosteroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome with FSGS. This report suggests
      that administration of meclofenamate might be beneficial in some patients with
      corticosteroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and FSGS. Because of the potential
      side effects, however, careful supervision of this therapy is of the utmost
      importance.

PMID- 6369012
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation for diseases of childhood.
AB  - Bone marrow transplantation in childhood is an established treatment modality for
      aplastic anemia, the acute and chronic leukemias, and severe combined immune
      deficiency. Recently, experience with this treatment has also been favorable with
      small numbers of children who have Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, several types of
      inherited storage diseases, Fanconi's anemia, thalassemia, infantile malignant
      osteopetrosis, and selected cases of lymphoma and other solid tumors. The
      psychosocial impact and financial costs of bone marrow transplantation can be
      substantial. Multi-institutional, prospective, randomized trials that would
      compare transplantation and conventional therapy are necessary to establish the
      indications and precise timing for this procedure. Further development of
      monoclonal antibodies, a better understanding of the histocompatibility antigen
      systems, and improvement in pretransplantation conditioning regimens should
      increase the spectrum of effectiveness for bone marrow transplantation in the
      coming years.

PMID- 6369013
TI  - William Osler and Arthur Conan Doyle versus the antivivisectionists: some lessons
      from history for today.
AB  - Reaction against vivisection for research reached its height in the last two
      decades of the 19th century and the first two of the 20th, and a resurgence began
      in the 1960s. Antivivisectionism was and is related, in part, to emphasis on
      humanitarian sentiments. Two humanitarian physicians defended vivisection as
      essential. Dr. Arthur Conan Doyle in 1886 justified the killing of rabbits to
      relieve human suffering from hydrophobia. In 1910, he objected to the antihuman
      campaign of the antivivisectionists. Dr. William Osler reacted similarly to the
      threat to vivisection. He gave emphatic evidence to investigative committees in
      the United States in 1900 and in Britain in 1907. Osler also performed
      vivisection. His experimentation included studies of pig typhoid and tapeworm
      cysts in pigs and of the fate of india ink injected into the lungs of kittens.
      Osler and Conan Doyle were but two of the many prominent physicians who helped
      stem the tide of antivivisection legislation near the turn of the century. A
      review of the elements that fostered antivivisectionism in the society of their
      time is relevant in understanding and reacting to similar sentiments in the
      present era.

PMID- 6369014
TI  - Integration of hormonal agents and chemotherapy for the treatment of women with
      advanced breast cancer.
AB  - Efforts have been made to improve the efficacy of combination chemotherapeutic
      regimens for advanced breast cancer by integrating additive hormonal agents.
      Results with respect to the value of such an approach are conflicting, and the
      routine use of chemohormonal therapy in clinical practice has not been
      established. Further work in this area is needed, especially in regard to the use
      of hormonal agents as manipulators of tumor cell kinetics to enhance the
      effectiveness of chemotherapy. In addition, clinical trials have compared the
      results of hormonal therapy alone with those of chemohormonal therapy; currently,
      the use of hormonal agents alone seems to be preferable for the initial treatment
      of most postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. The exception to this
      practice would be in those patients who are clinically not candidates for
      hormonal therapy because of the site, extent, or tempo of disease or because of
      the absence of hormonal receptors.

PMID- 6369015
TI  - Surgical management of acute pancreatitis.
AB  - Acute pancreatitis is a formidable problem that infrequently necessitates
      surgical intervention. Indications for operation may be divided into four main
      categories: (1) uncertain diagnosis, (2) deteriorating condition, (3) biliary
      pancreatitis, and (4) pancreatic abscess. One of the most important contributions
      concerning acute pancreatitis has been the development of predictive criteria
      that allow quantitation of the severity of disease and precise comparison of
      various reported series. During a 2-year period, 222 patients with acute
      pancreatitis were seen at our institution, and 62 of these patients (28%)
      underwent operation. Biliary pancreatitis accounted for 63% of our cases. The
      overall mortality of 24% was directly related to the severity of the
      pancreatitis. Cholecystectomy, during the same hospital admission, is advised for
      treatment of biliary pancreatitis.

PMID- 6369016
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus VIII: Prognosis.

PMID- 6369017
TI  - Adolescent blood pressure study.

PMID- 6369018
TI  - A Med-Chi physician's travelog 1860-62 (Dr. H. Willis Baxley).

PMID- 6369019
TI  - [Human Nocardia asteroides infection: apropos of 5 cases].

PMID- 6369020
TI  - [Captopril and acute renal failure].

PMID- 6369021
TI  - [Reactive arthritis].

PMID- 6369022
TI  - [Gastrointestinal and bilio-pancreatic complications following renal
      transplantation].

PMID- 6369023
TI  - [Determination of glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c)(III): changes observed
      after different modes of insulin treatment in type I diabetes].

PMID- 6369024
TI  - Acute glomerulonephritis. A clinical overview.
AB  - Acute glomerulonephritis is a syndrome characterized by the abrupt onset of
      hematuria often accompanied by proteinuria, hypertension, edema, and renal
      dysfunction. Acute glomerulonephritis can be subdivided into primary glomerular
      disease, postinfectious glomerulonephritis, and glomerulonephritis associated
      with systemic disease. With few exceptions, the underlying mechanism of acute
      glomerulonephritis is an immunologic one. To differentiate clinically the
      specific etiology of the glomerulonephritis, attention must be focused on the
      presence of signs or symptoms of systemic disease, changes in the environment of
      the patient, family history of renal disease, and recent history of infectious
      disease.

PMID- 6369025
TI  - Medical evaluation and management of calcium nephrolithiasis.
AB  - Stone disease is a common medical problem, frequently recurs, and is associated
      with significant morbidity. Because appropriate medical therapy significantly
      decreases stone recurrence, this disorder must not be ignored by nonurologists.
      Even the single stone-former should be offered a metabolic evaluation.

PMID- 6369026
TI  - Mechanisms of elevated blood pressure in human essential hypertension.
AB  - This review of the mechanisms of elevation of blood pressure in human essential
      hypertension first focuses on individual mechanisms and their interrelations. The
      authors then try to identify those forms of essential hypertension in which the
      major determinants are known. When the most significant processes associated with
      elevated blood pressure in individual patients are understood, a rational
      approach to therapy can be undertaken even though the ultimate cause of the
      disorder is not understood.

PMID- 6369027
TI  - Differentiation of upper and lower urinary tract infections: how and when?
AB  - The principal purpose of differentiating upper and lower urinary tract infections
      is to prevent renal damage by determining which patients require long-term
      antibiotic treatment and follow-up. This article takes a critical look at the
      method now in use for differentiation of these infections. Special attention is
      given to the problems of locating a urinary tract infection in a child, both
      because this is exceptionally difficult in this population and because kidney
      infections in children carry a high risk of permanent damage including renal
      failure and hypertension.

PMID- 6369028
TI  - Current concepts in the management of urinary tract infections in adults.
AB  - This article discusses the pathogenesis, etiology, and diagnosis of bacterial
      urinary tract infections. Initial therapy is outlined, as is the treatment of
      recurrent infections.

PMID- 6369029
TI  - Adverse effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the kidney.
AB  - The purpose of this article is to outline the reported renal complications
      associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and to identify those
      individuals at risk to develop these complications.

PMID- 6369030
TI  - The hyperfiltering glomerulus.
AB  - The observation has been made that after any of a variety of initial renal
      injuries, nephron units that have been spared undergo structural and functional
      compensations. The functional compensation of increased perfusion of residual
      nephrons may present deleterious, maladaptive stresses to those surviving
      nephrons and lead to their ultimate destruction. This hypothesis provides a final
      common pathway for the progression of many different renal diseases to renal
      failure and explains the tendency of renal insufficiency to progress rather than
      stabilize.

PMID- 6369031
TI  - Dialytic therapy in the management of chronic renal failure.
AB  - The maintenance of life after the development of end-stage renal disease can be
      achieved by the use of dialytic therapy, either alone as permanent replacement
      therapy or in conjunction with transplantation. The imperfections of all forms of
      dialytic therapy leave the nephrologist with the responsibility of recommending
      to the patient the treatment(s) considered most suitable. Hemodialysis,
      hemofiltration, and peritoneal dialysis are discussed in this article.

PMID- 6369032
TI  - Status of renal transplantation. A clinical perspective.
AB  - Although the survival of patients on chronic dialysis has improved in recent
      years, the quality and status of rehabilitation remains poor. Renal
      transplantation must be used to complement chronic dialysis in the management of
      these patients. Physicians should not be biased and commit their patients to one
      or the other form of long-term treatment.

PMID- 6369033
TI  - When should the stone patient be evaluated? Early evaluation of single stone
      formers.
AB  - Nephrolithiasis is a common disease, associated with high morbidity in terms of
      hospitalization and surgery, and probably low, but nonetheless present,
      mortality. Evaluation is low in risk to the patient, is probably cost-effective,
      and nearly always reveals one or more abnormalities which, when specifically
      treated, will alter the natural history of the disease process.

PMID- 6369034
TI  - When should the stone patient be evaluated? Limited evaluation of single stone
      formers.
AB  - The purpose of a metabolic stone evaluation is to provide information that will
      influence treatment. For stone formers who have not tried a conservative diet
      fluid program, only a limited metabolic evaluation is indicated. An extensive
      metabolic evaluation is reserved for stone formers who actively grow calculi
      despite conservative treatment.

PMID- 6369035
TI  - Should mild hypertension be treated? Choosing the middle course.
AB  - While the benefits obtained by treating moderate and severe hypertension are
      clearly documented, the same is not true for mild hypertension. Since mild
      hypertension (by any definition) is widely prevalent, therapeutic recommendations
      must not be made casually. The decision to treat mild hypertension must be made
      only after careful consideration of the overall risk profile and the direction of
      the blood pressure level.

PMID- 6369036
TI  - Should mild hypertension be treated? Early intervention.
AB  - This article states that it is an error to withhold treatment of mild
      hypertension until the blood pressure increases or end-organ damage develops. In
      most hypertensive patients, stepped-care pharmacologic treatment, beginning with
      diuretics and adding additional agents if necessary, is a proven approach to
      lowering blood pressure and preventing disease.

PMID- 6369037
TI  - How should hypertension during pregnancy be managed? An internist's approach.
AB  - Hypertension may occur during pregnancy under different clinical circumstances.
      One cause is toxemia, a systemic disease unique to pregnant women, in which
      hypertension is associated with proteinuria, CNS irritability, hepatic and renal
      functional abnormalities, and, in fulminant disease, a consumptive coagulopathy.
      Since it is clear in the non-pregnant population that the vascular complications
      of hypertension can be prevented with antihypertensive therapy and since toxemia
      is the most common cause of maternal mortality, there is no reason not to treat
      pregnant women with hypertension.

PMID- 6369038
TI  - How should hypertension during pregnancy be managed? Experience at Parkland
      Memorial Hospital.
AB  - A management plan is described for women with pregnancy-induced hypertension. The
      plan was derived from observations of well-defined methods in more than 20,000
      pregnancies at Parkland Memorial Hospital. Even though the treatment regimens
      described are empiric, there are considerable data presented to justify their
      clinical application.

PMID- 6369039
TI  - [Uropathogenic serotypes of Escherichia coli in asymptomatic bacteriuria and
      symptomatic urinary tract infections].

PMID- 6369040
TI  - [Effect of plasmids R on the changes in S. flexneri sensitivity to phages].

PMID- 6369041
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the usefulness of agglutination and indirect
      immunofluorescence tests for the diagnosis of Yersinia infections].

PMID- 6369042
TI  - [Variability of the BCG Moreau substrain. I. Comparison of morphology and
      residual virulence of BCG substrains of various origins].

PMID- 6369043
TI  - [Variability of the BCG Moreau substrain. II. Comparison of the allergizing and
      protective properties of BCG substrains of various origins].

PMID- 6369044
TI  - Anti-hypoxic effect of indomethacin and its interaction with prostacyclin.
AB  - The anti-hypoxic effect of indomethacin (1-10 mg/kg) was studied using the
      following experimental methods: asphyxic anoxia in cats, hypobaric and anoxic
      hypoxia in mice, incomplete ischemia by bilateral carotid occlusion and hemic
      hypoxia in rats. In hypobaric and anoxic hypoxia the interaction of indomethacin
      with the effect of prostacyclin (PCl2) was investigated. Indomethacin showed an
      anti-hypoxic effect in all the methods used: it enhanced anoxia resistance index
      in asphyxic anoxia and significantly increased survival of rats and mice
      subjected to experimental hypoxia. Indomethacin potentiated the effect of PGl2,
      shifting the anti-hypoxic dose-response curve of PGl2 to the left. The possible
      mechanism of action of indomethacin in relation to cyclo-oxygenase inhibition is
      discussed.

PMID- 6369045
TI  - [The man behind the syndrome: Friedrich Horner. The first to introduce antiseptic
      treatment in ophthalmology].

PMID- 6369046
TI  - [The man behind the Graefe's symptom: He died young, but he is still a world name
      in the field of ophthalmology].

PMID- 6369047
TI  - [Carrier diagnosis of retinoblastoma with molecular genetic methods].

PMID- 6369048
TI  - [Rapid viral diagnosis--a modern technic for the early diagnosis of virus
      infections].

PMID- 6369049
TI  - [Prenalterol, hydrocortisone and insulin can be valuable in amitriptyline
      poisoning].

PMID- 6369050
TI  - Bone marrow transplants.

PMID- 6369051
TI  - [Modification of metastasis formation by inhibition of platelet aggregation.
      Experimental and clinical results].
AB  - Our clinical study to prevent relapse and metastases in several sarcomas and
      malignant lymphomas of the head and neck region with a long-term treatment with
      mopidamole was initiated in 1972 because the pyrimido-pyrimidine derivative was
      shown to inhibit platelet aggregation in vivo and to increase significantly the
      circulation time of intravenously injected, 32P-labelled Ehrlich ascites tumour
      cells in mouse blood. The aggregation of platelets to circulating tumour cells
      and their subsequent adhesion to vascular endothelium in turn appeared to be part
      of the early stages of the metastatic process. It seems, however, that other
      related mechanisms are also involved in the clinical results obtained.
      Mopidamole, as other related derivatives, probably inhibits platelet aggregation
      by inhibition of PDE-induced decomposition of cAMP and may stimulate the
      synthesis and/or release of prostacyclin from the vessel wall which in turn
      activates adenylate cyclase involved in cAMP synthesis. The latter mechanism was
      definitely shown only for the related pyrimido-pyrimidine derivative
      dipyridamole, the methyl-xanthine derivative pentoxifylline and the methyl
      pyrazoline derivative nafazatrom. The increase of cAMP levels by mopidamole
      results in an inhibition of 3H-thymidine incorporation into human neoplastic
      cells and a direct inhibition of its mitotic rate. The adding of mopidamole to a
      culture of a human promyelocytic leukemic cell line promotes a reverse
      transformation of the malignant cells to normal which appears to be a permanent
      phenotypic change. Furthermore, mopidamole was shown to diminish significantly
      spontaneous lung metastases in syngenic Wilms' tumor (nephroblastoma) of the rat,
      the C1300-neuroblastoma of the mouse and the HM-Kim mammary carcinoma of the
      rat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6369052
TI  - Directory of otolaryngologic societies.

PMID- 6369053
TI  - Application of monoclonal antibodies towards immunological studies in leprosy.

PMID- 6369054
TI  - Effects of Mycobacterium leprae antigens on the in vitro responsiveness of
      mononuclear cells from armadillos to concanavalin-A.

PMID- 6369055
TI  - Skin test activity of an antigen fraction prepared from Mycobacterium leprae
      compared with standard lepromin and tuberculin PPD in leprosy patients.

PMID- 6369056
TI  - Acworth Leprosy Hospital, Bombay.

PMID- 6369057
TI  - Steroid-monoamine feedback interactions in discrete brain regions using as a
      model the monosodium glutamate (MSG)-lesioned rat.
AB  - The present studies examine the effects of neonatal treatment with monosodium
      glutamate (MSG) on dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and norepinephrine
      (NE) metabolism in discrete brain regions and correlate them with steroid
      receptor kinetics in the anterior pituitary (PIT), preoptic hypothalamus (POA)
      and caudal hypothalamus (HYP), and with steroid negative and positive feedback
      effects on luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. Substantial decreases in the
      neuronal activity of all three amines in the arcuate nucleus, decreased DA and 5
      HT metabolism in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and, surprisingly, increased
      metabolism of 5-HT and NE in the median eminence was observed in adult
      ovariectomized (OVX), MSG-treated versus OVX, vehicle-treated litter mate
      controls. Measurement of estradiol receptors in the nuclear and cytosolic
      fractions of the POA, HYP and PIT from MSG- and vehicle-treated rats killed
      during diestrus or 2 weeks after OVX revealed no differences. Similarly, no
      differences in cytosolic progestin receptors between control and MSG unprimed or
      estradiol-primed, OVX rats or on progestin receptor translocation induced by
      progesterone in Eb-primed rats were observed. Negative and positive feedback
      effects of estradiol or the positive feedback of progesterone on LH secretion
      were not significantly impaired in MSG rats, and indeed, MSG animals actually
      were hyper-responsive to the administration of the steroids or of luteinizing
      hormone-releasing hormone. These results indicate that the MSG-induced damage to
      DA, 5-HT and NE elements observed within several preoptic and hypothalamic nuclei
      does not impair estrogen and progestin receptor kinetics, nor does it prevent
      adequate negative or positive steroid feedback responses, if appropriate steroid
      regimens are employed, and that the impaired gonadal function reported in these
      animals does not result primarily from inadequate steroid feedback mechanisms.

PMID- 6369058
TI  - Characterization of insulinase from mammalian and non-mammalian livers.
AB  - The Michaelis constants (Km's) and maximum reaction velocities (Vmax's) for the
      degradation of beef insulin by livers from frogs, guinea pigs, rats, a rabbit, a
      dog and a pig were determined. The Km's for mammalian livers appear to be species
      dependent and range from 0.25 microM to 0.65 microM. The Km for frog liver was
      somewhat lower, averaging 0.13 microM. The Km is independent of animal age, but
      the enzyme concentrations (Vmax) were greatly reduced in the fetal guinea pig and
      3 day rat compared to the adult livers. There appears to be no relation between
      Km and the chemical dissimilarity between beef insulin and endogenous insulin of
      the species, since guinea pig liver insulinase had a Km (0.50 microM)
      intermediate between dog (0.47 microM) and pig (0.65 microM) liver insulinase
      although guinea pig insulin has a markedly different amino acid sequence and
      biologic activity.

PMID- 6369059
TI  - Differential prejunctional effect of captopril and saralasin on neurogenic
      vasoconstriction in pithed normotensive rats.
AB  - The present study describes a differential inhibitory effect of captopril and
      [Sar1 Ala8]angiotensin II (saralasin) on the neurogenic vasoconstriction in
      pithed normotensive rats. In pithed normotensive rats with intact kidneys
      captopril more profoundly inhibited the vasopressor response to spinal
      stimulation than observed for saralasin. Bilateral nephrectomy also diminished
      the hypertensive response to spinal stimulation. After bilateral nephrectomy, 1 h
      previously, captopril but not saralasin diminished the hypertensive response to
      spinal stimulation. After bilateral nephrectomy, 18-24 h previously, captopril
      did not produce an additional reduction of the vasopressor response to spinal
      stimulation. In contrast, saralasin significantly potentiated the neurogenic
      vasoconstriction. The results suggest that both captopril and saralasin diminish
      the hypertensive response to spinal stimulation by producing dilatation of
      vascular smooth muscle in pithed normotensive rats. Apart from this common
      mechanism, a differential effect of captopril and saralasin on the neurogenic
      vasoconstriction can be observed. In contrast to saralasin, captopril may depress
      the neurogenic vasoconstriction in pithed normotensive rats by blocking the
      sympathofacilitatory action induced by subpressor levels of angiotensin II (AII).
      In pithed normotensive rats, saralasin may mimic the sympathofacilitatory action
      of subpressor AII.

PMID- 6369060
TI  - Plasma levels and biochemical characterisation of circulating met-enkephalin in
      canine endotoxin shock.
AB  - Endogenous opioid peptides have been implicated in the pathophysiology of shock
      (1-5). In anaesthetised mongrel dogs, administration of E coli endotoxin caused a
      rise in plasma met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity (MLI). Biochemical
      characterisation of MLI by gel filtration chromatography revealed various
      molecular forms: 31K, 8K, 3-5K and the native pentapeptide in approximately equal
      amounts. After enzymatic treatment of column fractions the 31K form predominated
      (90.7%). This is the first demonstration of elevated MLI in endotoxin shock.

PMID- 6369061
TI  - Surface-governed molecular regulation of blood coagulation.
AB  - Among extracellular biological processes the spatial control of blood clotting is
      a unique phenomenon. Localization in space has very important consequences in
      both normal and pathological conditions. Under physiological circumstances a clot
      is formed only in the vicinity of injury, albeit the prerequisites of coagulation
      are almost completely given in the whole circulation. The local character of
      blood clotting is secured by the following major conditions: The regulatory
      signal initiating coagulation-the damaged vascular wall-is itself a surface on
      which the majority of clotting reactions take place. The first enzyme, factor
      XII, of the intrinsic coagulation pathway is activated on the collagen fibers
      exposed in the damaged vascular wall, although the significance of this reaction
      in respect of the clotting process is ambiguous. On the membrane of platelets
      adhered to the damaged blood vessel is activated factor XI, too, which is a well
      established participant of the intrinsic clotting process. The further
      consecutive reactions of coagulation are confined to the surface produced by
      injury, because the enzymes involved contain gamma-carboxyl-glutamyl side chains
      which are anchored through calcium bridges to the phospholipids of the platelet
      membrane. The last enzyme of the sequence is thrombin, which is released from the
      surface. The reactions taking place on the surface form an enzyme cascade, which
      amplifies the relatively weak triggering signal by several orders of magnitudes.
      Amplification is ensured not only by the enzyme-substrate relationship of the
      consecutive reaction partners, but also by spatial confinement, which endows the
      process with higher efficacy than could be expected on a statistical basis from
      reactions in solution. It contributes to the efficiency of enzyme cascade that
      the non-enzymatic regulatory proteins increase the activity of factors IXa and
      Xa, and thereby the overall process. While the partner of factor IXa, factor
      VIII, is captured from plasma, factor V, the partner of factor Xa, is derived
      from the platelets adhered to the damaged surface and orients the binding of
      factor Xa. The surface localization ensures the protection of the members of
      clotting system: In the activator complexes found on the surface, the spatial
      arrangement of clotting factors prevents the inactivation of factors by
      physiological inhibitors or by proteolytic enzymes and specific antibodies that
      appear in the circulation in pathological conditions. Platelet factor 4, derived
      from platelets, binds heparin and thereby markedly decreases the reactivity of
      antithrombin III, the physiological inhibitor of clotting factors. The above two
      circumstances are

PMID- 6369062
TI  - [At the origins of women's medical education].

PMID- 6369063
TI  - [Study and calculation of friction losses in microturbines and burs for
      dentistry].
AB  - The method to compute friction loss in medical microturbines and tips at the
      stage of their development is proposed. It is verified when designing friction
      loss of the following devices: a turbine tip HTC-300-02, a pneumatic micromotor
      MMP-20, and micromotor tips (NVP-30M) and (NP-30M). The method may be useful in
      estimated designs of friction loss.

PMID- 6369064
TI  - Metabolic bases of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption: a review.
AB  - The classical "oxygen debt" hypothesis formulated by Hill and associates in the
      1920s was an attempt to link the metabolism of lactic acid with the O2
      consumption in excess of resting that occurs after exercise. The O2 debt was
      hypothesized to represent the oxidation of a minor fraction (1/5) of the lactate
      formed during exercise, to provide the energy to reconvert the remainder (4/5) of
      the lactate to glycogen during recovery. In 1933 Margaria et al. modified this
      hypothesis by distinguishing between initial, fast ("alactacid"), and second,
      slow ("lactacid"), O2-debt curve components. They hypothesized that the fast
      phase of the post-exercise O2 consumption curve was due to the restoration of
      phosphagen (ATP + CP). It is now probable that the original lactic acid
      explanation of the O2 debt was too simplistic. Numerous studies on several
      species have provided evidence demonstrating a dissociation between the kinetics
      of lactate removal and the slow component of the post-exercise VO2. The
      metabolism of lactate, a readily oxidizable substrate, following exercise appears
      to be directed primarily toward energy production in mitochondria. The elevated
      concentration of lactate present at the end of exercise may be viewed as a
      "reservoir of carbon," which may serve as a source of oxidative ATP production or
      as a source of carbon skeletons for the synthesis of glucose, glycogen, amino
      acids, and TCA cycle intermediates. The metabolic basis of the elevated post
      exercise VO2 may be understood in terms of those factors which directly or
      indirectly influence mitochondrial O2 consumption. Included among these factors
      are catecholamines, thyroxine, glucocorticoids, fatty acids, calcium ions, and
      temperature. Of these, elevated temperature is perhaps the most important. As no
      complete explanation of the post-exercise metabolism exists, it is recommended
      that the term "O2 debt" be used to describe a set of phenomena during recovery
      from exercise. The terms "alactacid debt" and "lactacid debt," which suggest a
      mechanism, are inappropriate. Use of alternative terms, e.g., "excess post
      exercise oxygen consumption" (EPOC) and "recovery O2," will avoid implication of
      causality in describing the elevation in metabolic rate above resting levels
      after exercise.

PMID- 6369065
TI  - [Modification of carbohydrate metabolism and oral glucose tolerance test in type
      II diabetics using the glucosidase inhibitor acarbose].

PMID- 6369066
TI  - [Local treatment of dermatomycoses with bifonazol].

PMID- 6369067
TI  - Comparison of suture technique on patency of polytetrafluoroethylene
      microarterial anastomoses.
AB  - Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts, 1 mm in internal diameter, were
      interpositioned in the infrarenal aortas of 20 adult Sprague-Dawley rats with
      either continuous or interrupted sutures. The interrupted-suture (I-S) technique
      was used in ten rats, the continuous-suture (C-S) technique in the other ten.
      After followup of 90 days, the overall patency rate for the 20 rats was 95%
      (19/20); all grafts in the C-S group were patent; one graft in the I-S group had
      occluded on the day of operation. Since excellent patency rates were obtainable
      with these minute PTFE grafts placed in the rat aorta by either technique, the
      speed with which the C-S technique can be accomplished appears to make it
      preferable.

PMID- 6369068
TI  - Microvascular free bone transfer: experimental technique on rat's femur.
AB  - A technique of microsurgical femur transplantation on rats is presented. This
      experimental model is used for better understanding of the bone physiology in
      autotransplantation and in homotransplantation.

PMID- 6369069
TI  - [Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Clinico-pathologic and
      immunohistochemical study].

PMID- 6369070
TI  - [Dr. Hugo Antonio Palermo (1934-1982)].

PMID- 6369071
TI  - Gastroenteropancreatic hormones in normal and gestational-diabetic pregnancy:
      response to oral lipid.
AB  - The effect of normal and gestational-diabetic pregnancy on the
      gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) hormone response to lipid ingestion was studied in
      17 women, 8 normal and 9 with gestational diabetes, by determination of the
      plasma concentrations of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), gut glucagon-like
      immunoreactivity (gut GLI), insulin, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP)
      following the ingestion of 67 g of triglyceride in late pregnancy and postpartum.
      Also, the plasma concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA), triglyceride, and
      glucose were determined. In both groups fasting plasma triglyceride and insulin
      were increased and PP was decreased. Fasting plasma glucose and gut GLI were
      decreased in normal pregnancy, but were unaltered in gestational-diabetic
      pregnancy. Fasting plasma glucagon were unaltered in normal but increased in
      gestational diabetic pregnancy. In both groups of women the GIP response to
      triglycerides was impaired in pregnancy. Postpartum, the GIP response was greater
      in the gestational diabetics than in normal women whereas no difference was found
      in pregnancy. The other hormones and metabolites responded similarly in pregnancy
      and postpartum and no difference between normal women and women with gestational
      diabetes was found. It is concluded that the GIP response to triglycerides is
      impaired in pregnancy.

PMID- 6369072
TI  - Mechanisms governing the relative proportions of thyroxine and 3,5,3'
      triiodothyronine in thyroid secretion.
AB  - In subjects with normal thyroid function only a minor part of firculating 3,5,3'
      triiodothyronine (T3) originates directly from the thyroid; the majority is
      produced in the peripheral tissues by deiodination of thyroxine (T4). However, T3
      of thyroidal origin constitutes a relatively high fraction of the total T3
      produced in many patients with thyroid hyperfunction or hypofunction. Such a
      relatively high T3 content in the secretion of the thyroid could be caused by a
      low T4/T3 ratio in thyroglobulin. Severe iodine deficiency is a well-known
      inducer of a low T4/T3 ratio, but a low T4/T3 ratio can also be produced
      independent of the iodine content. This is seen in in vitro studies of
      thyroglobulin iodination when small amounts of DIT are added to the incubation
      mixture and in vivo in TSH-treated animals and in patients with Graves' disease.
      Another mechanism for high thyroidal secretion of T3 could be an enhanced
      fractional deiodination of T4 to T3 in the thyroid. In vitro thyroid perfusion
      studies have shown that the T3 content of thyroid secretions is higher than would
      be expected from the T4/T3 ratio of thyroid hydrolysate and that the major
      mechanism is deiodination of T4 to T3. Thyroxine deiodinases are also present in
      the human thyroid, and the amount of T4 deiodinase is enhanced in the thyroids
      from patients with medically treated Graves' disease and in the hyperstimulated
      thyroids of rats. Other factors of possible importance for the mixture of T3 and
      T4 secreted by the thyroid are a relatively faster liberation of T3 than of T4
      from thyroglobulin during partial hydrolysis (this faster release of T3 is
      probably the mechanism behind the more "rapid" secretion of T3 than of T4), or
      some kind of thyroid heterogeneity leading to pinocytosis and hydrolysis of
      thyroglobulin with a lower T4/T3 ratio than that of average thyroglobulin.

PMID- 6369073
TI  - Genetic study of the role of calcium ions in the cell division cycle of
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a calcium-dependent mutant and its trifluoperazine
      dependent pseudorevertants.
AB  - A cal1-1 mutant of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae showing Ca2+-dependent
      growth was isolated. Its growth continued exponentially in Ca2+-rich medium, but
      stopped in Ca2+-poor medium at 37 degrees C. Mg2+ ions could not replace Ca2+
      ions. In Ca2+-poor medium, the mutant cells stopped growing homogeneously at the
      stage of cell division cycle with a tiny bud. The nucleus in these arrested cells
      was in the G2 stage, judging from observation after nuclear staining and
      determination of the DNA content. Trifluoperazine-dependent pseudorevertants,
      which could grow in the presence of 20 microM to 80 microM trifluoperazine in
      Ca2+-poor medium at 37 degrees C, were obtained from this cal1-1 mutant. The
      suppressor mutation, tfr1, itself conferred trifluoperazine resistance. Other
      calmodulin inhibitors structurally unrelated to trifluoperazine had similar
      effects to trifluoperazine on these pseudorevertants. These results suggest that
      Ca2+ ions and a calmodulin play important roles in the yeast cell division cycle
      at the stage of bud growth and nuclear division.

PMID- 6369074
TI  - Metabolic alterations mediated by 2-ketobutyrate in Escherichia coli K12.
AB  - We have previously proposed that 2-ketobutyrate is an alarmone in Escherichia
      coli. Circumstantial evidence suggested that the target of 2-ketobutyrate was the
      phosphoenol pyruvate: glycose phosphotransferase system (PTS). We demonstrate
      here that the phosphorylated metabolites of the glycolytic pathway experience a
      dramatic downshift upon addition of 2-ketobutyrate (or its analogues). In
      particular, fructose-1,6-diphosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate
      and acetyl-CoA concentrations drop by a factor of 10, 3, 4, and 5 respectively.
      This result is consistent with (i) an inhibition of the PTS by 2-ketobutyrate,
      (ii) a control of metabolism by fructose-1,6-diphosphate. Since fructose-1,6
      diphosphate is an activator of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase and of pyruvate
      kinase, the concentration of their common substrate, phosphoenol pyruvate, does
      not decrease in parallel.

PMID- 6369076
TI  - An alternative route for infecting armadillos with Mycobacterium leprae.
AB  - A nine-banded armadillo was inoculated with Mycobacterium leprae in both hind
      footpads. The animals were usually inoculated intravenously, or intradermally in
      the abdominal skin. Profuse multiplication of the bacilli occurred at the
      injection sites after more than two years. Eventually bacteraemia developed, and
      large numbers of the organisms were found in skin biopsies and in lymph nodes.
      There was limited dissemination of the bacteria into the spleen and the liver,
      and peripheral nerve invasion by the bacilli was also detected. M. leprae
      remained viable in the liver tissue, kept frozen at -80 degrees C for three
      years. This experimental system would be useful in testing the effects of certain
      immunological and chemotherapeutic agents against M. leprae by injecting them
      directly at the infection site.

PMID- 6369075
TI  - Can Ca2+-dependent competence be repeatedly induced in the same Escherichia coli
      cells?
AB  - With the help of devised multicycle consecutive transformation (MCT) it is shown
      that Ca2+-dependent competence can be repeatedly induced in the same population
      of Escherichia coli cells. The same fraction of cells is induced to competence
      and transformed during MCT. In contrast to the results on classical
      transformation with mixed DNA preparations, no double transformants are observed
      in MCT. The competent cells and transformants are found to be more fragile than
      nontransformed cells. The latter are represented presumably by the cells that
      have not absorbed exogenous plasmid DNA. The results suggest that there is strong
      interference between plasmid DNAs during MCT, and that the presence of exogenous
      DNA makes the cells more sensitive to the apparently harmful procedure of
      repeated competence induction.

PMID- 6369077
TI  - Staining for microvascular alkaline phosphatase in thick celloidin sections of
      nervous tissue: morphometric and pathological applications.
AB  - Alkaline phosphatase enzyme is active in the endothelium of capillaries (and
      often arterioles) in the central and peripheral nervous systems of many animals
      including man. A modified metallic stain for this enzyme applied to thick (50-500
      micron) sections of brain or nerve produces a striking picture of the
      microvascular system. Preparations may be examined by light microscopy or
      microfocal radiography. Thick sections (particularly at 100 micron) are suitable
      for vascular morphometry at the light microscopic level. Celloidin embedding of
      the material permits storage of the specimen and ensures that cohesive sections
      can be cut serially, labeled, and handled with ease. Counterstaining permits
      normal and pathological features of the parenchyma to be demonstrated in relation
      to the vessels. Techniques of preparation and morphometry are described. Examples
      are drawn from current studies of the hippocampal and calcarine microvasculatures
      and their relation to senile plaques in normal aging and senile dementia of the
      Alzheimer type.

PMID- 6369078
TI  - Whither AUB? An excursion through the campus lasting five-score years and ten.

PMID- 6369079
TI  - How the AMA views government's health care proposals.

PMID- 6369080
TI  - [Structural study of the basal bodies of the flagella of Bacillus brevis var. G.
      B. P+].
AB  - The structural organisation of the flagellum basal body was studied in Bacillus
      brevis var. G.-B. P+ by electron microscopy. It was compared with that of
      Escherichia coli MS 1350. The basal body of a B. brevis flagellum contains, in
      addition to two pairs of rings on a rod, another ring-like structure (d = 13.6
      nm, h = 4.3 nm) which we referred to as a "collar". The collar makes the basal
      body of B. brevis different from that of B. subtilis, another Gram-positive
      bacterium. The collar seems to fasten the flagellum of B. brevis to the cell
      wall. We have concluded that the basal body can differ not merely among bacterial
      systematic groups, but also among bacteria belonging to one and the same genus.
      The role of individual elements in the structure of the basal body of bacterial
      flagella is discussed.

PMID- 6369081
TI  - [Anaerobic glove box].
AB  - Anaerobic conditions can rapidly be created in a box designed for working with
      obligate anaerobic organisms by driving out the air with an inflatable ball. The
      box is fitted with a device for sterilising a microbiological loop.

PMID- 6369082
TI  - [Determination of primary amines and protein by using fluorescamine in
      microorganism suspensions].
AB  - The paper describes a fluorimetric technique for determining the overall amount
      of primary amines and protein using fluorescamine directly in suspensions of
      yeast and bacterial microorganisms. The optimal conditions are selected for the
      reaction. The technique is highly sensitive and has an advantage over biochemical
      methods when one has to make many assays of amine containing compounds in
      biological material. The technique can find wide application in industrial
      practice.

PMID- 6369083
TI  - [Intracellular pool of free amino acids in dehydrated yeast organisms].
AB  - The dehydration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was found to result in a noticeable
      decrease of the free amino acids content in the cells and in a considerable
      increase of cytoplasmic membrane permeability for these compounds. When the
      dehydrated organisms were reactivated, the normal permeability of the cytoplasmic
      membrane gradually restored and the pool of free amino acids increased in the
      cells.

PMID- 6369084
TI  - [Limiting the growth of Saccharomyces serevisiae yeasts under chemostat
      conditions by carbon and nitrogen sources].
AB  - Chemostat Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultures were obtained at D = 0.066 h-1 and
      growth limitation with ethanol and a nitrogen source with similar population
      densities. The threshold concentration of ethanol was 0.1 g/L and that of
      nitrogen 0.014 g/L. The optimal specific load of ethanol was 2.5--3.5 g/g biomass
      per hour with the economic coefficient of 40%. At the constant specific ethanol
      load, the economic coefficient changed at different rates of flow. The cultures
      differed in the content and amino acid composition of protein.

PMID- 6369085
TI  - [Characteristics of the ultrastructural organization of Actinomyces rimosus and
      Actinomyces violocinereus in monocultures and in an association producing
      extracellular proteases].
AB  - The ultrastructural organization of Actinomyces rimosus and Actinomyces
      violocinereus was compared in monocultures and in associations. The cells of the
      two species can be discriminated by certain cytological characteristics. A
      rimosus predominated under the studied conditions and periods of growth. This
      organism had growth processes disordered (intrahyphal growth). A. violocinereus
      was characterized by the following processes in the association: peptidoglycan
      hypersynthesis, formation of calloses of the cell wall which occurred in parallel
      to hypertrophy of mesosomes, a loss of the capability to form capsules, and
      delayed spore formation. The reduced synthesis of granular and fibrillar material
      indicated that these products were not associated with exoprotease. The enzymatic
      activity was higher and could be detected in earlier in the association than in
      the monoculture of A. rimosus.

PMID- 6369086
TI  - [Spontaneous reversion of polA1 mutation on a mutant strain of E. coli K12 by
      transfer of ColE1 plasmid].
AB  - Specific polA1 mutation prevented the expression of high mutability in the
      mutator strain, H2IIO polA1 Spontaneous revertant of H2IIpolA1 was isolated by
      the transfer of ColE1 plasmid onto the mutator mutant. This spontaneous
      revertant, H2IIOpol, regained the mutator phenotype.

PMID- 6369087
TI  - [Salmonella meningitis].
AB  - A four - month old boy with Salmonella Typhimurium meningitis is presented. This
      patient was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of staphylococcal
      pneumonia, pyo-pneumothorax, cardiac failure and anemia. He has been treated for
      18 days and he was discharged in good condition. Two days after discharge patient
      was readmitted with a fever, vomiting and feeding problem. In physical
      examination, stiff neck and bulging of the fontanel were remarkable. Examination
      of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has revealed meningitis and cultures of blood and
      CSF specimens were positive for S. typhimurium. It was sensitive only to
      trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole and netilmicin. Trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole
      (IM) and netilmicin (IV) were given. At the fifth day of this treatment patient
      expired. Postmortem examination has revealed the same agent in both meninges
      tissue and CSF cultures.

PMID- 6369088
TI  - [A new and effective therapeutic method for the treatment of leishmaniasis].
AB  - Life for millions of people is at stake in the development of new techniques for
      homing drugs on to specific targets in the body. The use of artificial
      phospholipid vesicles known as liposomes is one of the most promising of the new
      approaches. Recent studies show that encapsulating drugs in liposomes, can make
      them more than 700 times more effective than unencapsulated (free) drugs.

PMID- 6369089
TI  - Gene control by phosphoproteins: a theoretical model for eukaryotic DNA
      regulation.
AB  - Although gene regulatory mechanisms in eukaryotic cells are complex, some
      progress is being made in understanding them. Chromosomal proteins may play a
      significant role in genome function and gene control. More specifically, a
      central role may be played by the nuclear nonhistone proteins. It appears that
      both viral transformation and steroid hormone action may be associated with the
      phosphorylation of these proteins. Recent studies have revealed that some
      oncogenic viruses are capable of producing viral transforming proteins with
      protein kinase activity. This suggests how they may subvert normal gene
      regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, the effects of the steroid-receptor complex
      on nuclear nonhistone proteins may be similar to the effects of these viral
      transforming proteins, but in a controlled sense. A model of gene-regulatory,
      nuclear phosphorylation reactions is formulated which suggests how some oncogenic
      viruses may control normal gene regulatory mechanisms and how steroid hormones
      may interact with these same mechanisms. Such a model may reveal how disruption
      of these same mechanisms leads to carcinogenesis.

PMID- 6369090
TI  - Cardiac pacing--from then to now.
AB  - Progress in both the health sciences and engineering sciences has been necessary
      for the development of the cardiac pacemaker. From the invention of the vacuum
      tube triode amplifier in 1906 to that of the oscillator just a few years later;
      from the early electrocardiograph in 1906 and the first stimulation of a dog's
      heart in 1927 to the application of electricity to the heart of a stillborn
      infant only 2 years later, engineering and medicine have progressed together to
      solve problems in pacemakers. The semiconductor transistor emerged in 1948, and
      in 1950 work was published on the open heart resuscitation of dogs with voltage
      pulses to the heart, work whose principle was applied soon after in a human
      patient with complete heart block. The development of the modern pacemaker has
      run an exciting course, including such phenomena as one engineer helping to
      design his own pacemaker. In the past 20 years, science has change the package,
      the power source, pacing mode, electrodes, and leads of pacemakers; it has
      improved their reliability and longevity, their programming, telemetry, and
      instrumentation.

PMID- 6369091
TI  - The elusive search for electroanesthesia.
AB  - A review of the search for a safe, effective, and inexpensive means of electrical
      anesthesia.

PMID- 6369092
TI  - Treatment failure of falciparum malaria with Fansidar in Tawau Sabah. January
      June, 1982.

PMID- 6369093
TI  - Andrew Arthur Abbie.

PMID- 6369094
TI  - Control of juvenile diabetes.

PMID- 6369095
TI  - Changes in serum lipid levels during antihypertensive therapy.
AB  - The antihypertensive action of prazosin and propranolol, as well their effect on
      serum lipid levels, were evaluated in a crossover study in 20 men with untreated
      mild to moderate hypertension in a general practice environment. Both prazosin
      (7.5 +/- 0.5 mg/day) and propranolol (270 +/- 26 mg/day) produced a similar
      reduction in blood pressure over an eight-week period. The administration of
      propranolol also led to a reduction of the mean fasting high-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol concentration by 10.5% (P less than 0.01) and this effect was dose
      related (r = -0.414; P less than 0.05). Prazosin treatment produced no changes
      either in the total or in the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, but
      led to a reduction of the total triglyceride levels by 9.5% (P less than 0.05).
      These results suggest that the value of blood pressure reduction produced by high
      doses of beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents, such as propranolol, may be
      diminished by a potentially adverse effect of these agents on serum lipid levels.
      Conversely, alpha-adrenoceptor blocking agents may confer an added benefit in the
      treatment of hypertension.

PMID- 6369096
TI  - Penicillin in the treatment of skin sores in children.
AB  - Skin infections are a common cause of morbidity in children, particularly in
      tropical areas. Cultures from such lesions often grow both penicillin-resistant
      staphylococci and penicillin-sensitive streptococci. In a controlled trial of the
      treatment of septic skin lesions in 227 paediatric outpatients at Goroka
      Hospital, sequential analysis of the response to treatment showed that washing
      plus the intramuscular administration of procaine penicillin was more effective
      than washing plus placebo (P less than 0.05) after the 25th preference had been
      decided. When the amount of healing in the two groups was compared, washing plus
      penicillin was again more effective than washing plus placebo (P less than 0.001;
      Wilcoxon's rank-sum test). Because it eradicates beta-haemolytic streptococci,
      penicillin is a safe and effective agent for the treatment of large, multiple, or
      badly infected skin sores, even in countries such as Australia and Papua New
      Guinea in which most staphylococci are resistant to penicillin.

PMID- 6369097
TI  - [On the 90th anniversary of the birth of Petr Grigor'evich Sergiev (1893-1983)].

PMID- 6369098
TI  - [Assessment of the immunizing activity of Echinococcus antigens using the
      indirect hemagglutination and immunofluorescence reactions].

PMID- 6369099
TI  - [Current problems of drug-resistant tropical (P. falciparum) malaria].

PMID- 6369100
TI  - [Depression in adolescence].

PMID- 6369101
TI  - [Medico-legal problems in selection of cadaver kidney donors].

PMID- 6369102
TI  - [Further study on the possibility of using carbocysteine in cystic fibrosis].

PMID- 6369103
TI  - [Treatment of gingival recession. I. Biological prerequisites].

PMID- 6369104
TI  - [Complete denture: a new technic in making the border of individual impression
      trays].

PMID- 6369105
TI  - [Pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Destructive phenomena affecting collagen
      and fibroblasts].

PMID- 6369107
TI  - Medicare--its potential and problems.

PMID- 6369106
TI  - Historical origins of deinstitutionalization.

PMID- 6369108
TI  - Proteases as probes of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase topography in situ.
AB  - Selective inactivation of the multiple forms of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase
      (MAO) by proteases in intact and hypotonically disrupted rat liver mitochondria
      has been used to examine the question of differential membrane orientations of
      the A and B enzymes. Proteases used as probes included trypsin, beta
      chymotrypsin, and the extracellular protease of Staphylococcus aureus, chosen for
      their different amino acid specificities. With all three proteases, no changes in
      the relative rates of MAO-A and MAO-B inactivation were observed after disruption
      of the mitochondria. Trypsin and beta-chymotrypsin gave much faster rates of MAO
      A inactivation in both intact and disrupted mitochondria. The selective effect of
      trypsin on MAO-A was also confirmed in human placental mitochondria, which
      possess only A-type activity. The effectiveness of hypotonicity in disrupting the
      outer membrane of the mitochondria was shown by rapid protease inactivation of an
      intermembrane space marker enzyme, adenylate kinase (EC 2.7.4.3). Contrary to
      some recent reports in the literature, these findings strongly suggest that the
      MAO-A and MAO-B multiple-form catalytic activities do not reside on opposite
      faces of the membrane.

PMID- 6369109
TI  - Age-related effects in enzyme catalysis.
AB  - Rat muscle glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is one of several enzymes
      which have been found to undergo age-related modifications. While the amount of
      this enzyme in muscle tissue does not change with age, both its specific activity
      and affinity towards its co-enzyme are significantly reduced in the old tissue.
      Age-related structural changes were found to exist in the nicotinamide binding
      site of the enzyme and the reactions leading to the activity loss in 'old'
      glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were shown to involve a reversible
      modification of the essential cysteine-149 residue at the active site of the
      enzyme. The aging effects were simulated by a controlled oxidation of cys-149 in
      samples of 'young' glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and subsequent
      reduction of this residue by 2-mercaptoethanol. The enzyme modified in this way
      closely resembles native 'old' glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase,
      indicating that the structural modifications in the latter enzyme are indeed
      introduced by a post-translational process. The mechanism for aging of
      glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase which is proposed, based on these
      observations, thus assumes an oxidation of cys-149 as its first step followed by
      irreversible conformational changes in the enzyme molecule. The aging of
      glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase may thus be triggered by the reduced
      ability of old muscle tissue to protect its constituents against oxidation.

PMID- 6369111
TI  - Post-translational modification and processing of outer membrane prolipoproteins
      in Escherichia coli.
AB  - This mini review is primarily concerned with the biosynthesis of the major outer
      membrane lipoprotein of Escherichia coli. The lipoprotein is composed of fifty
      eight amino acid residues, one glyceride residue and one acyl residue being at
      the amino terminal cysteine residue. About one-third of the lipoprotein is
      covalently bound to the underlying peptidoglycan layer and plays an important
      role in the assembly of the outer membrane on the peptidoglycan layer. The
      lipoprotein is first synthesized on ribosomes as a precursor form having twenty
      extra amino acid residues (signal peptide) at the amino terminus. During
      secretion through the cytoplasmic membrane, the modification at the cysteine
      residue that is to be the amino terminus of the mature lipoprotein and cleavage
      of the signal peptide take place successively. These events are then followed by
      N-acetylation of the terminal cysteine residue, translocation to the outer
      membrane, and covalent binding to the peptidoglycan layer of the lipoprotein.
      Digestion of the cleaved signal peptide also takes place upon cleavage of the
      signal peptide. In this review these chemical and topographical events are
      discussed step by step especially in relation to the process of protein secretion
      across the cytoplasmic membrane.

PMID- 6369112
TI  - The vitamin K-dependent carboxylation reaction.
AB  - Gammacarboxyglutamic acid (Gla) is an abnormal amino acid, which occurs in a
      number of proteins. It was discovered about 10 years ago in the four vitamin K
      dependent blood clotting factors and it could be demonstrated that Gla is formed
      in a post-translational modification step, which requires a carboxylating enzyme
      system (carboxylase) and vitamin K. Since at the time of this discovery the
      earlier mentioned clotting factors were the only proteins known to be synthesized
      in a vitamin K-dependent way, it has been assumed for many years that the blood
      clotting system was unique in this respect. Recently it has been demonstrated,
      however, that vitamin K-dependent carboxylase is not restricted to the liver (the
      place of synthesis of the clotting factors) but that it is also present in other
      tissues such as lung, kidney, spleen and testis. Moreover, numerous Gla
      containing proteins have been detected, although in most cases their function is
      not wholly understood. It seems that (like for instance the glycosylation) the
      vitamin K-dependent carboxylation is a normal post-translational modification,
      which is required for the correct function of a certain class of Ca2+-binding
      proteins.

PMID- 6369114
TI  - New aspects of the ribosomal elongation cycle.
AB  - The ribosomal elongation cycle represents a series of reactions during which the
      polypeptide is prolonged by one amino acid and after which the prolonged
      polypeptidyl residue is again ready to accept the next aminoacyl residue. It is
      generally believed that the ribosome carries two tRNA binding sites, the A site
      for aminoacyl-tRNA and the P site for peptidyl-tRNA, leading to the classical two
      site model of the ribosome as a description for the elongation cycle. However,
      evidence is accumulating which is in conflict with the classical two-site model.
      These conflicts are resolved in a new three-site model which is discussed in
      detail in this paper.

PMID- 6369110
TI  - Delta crystallins and their nucleic acids.
AB  - delta-Crystallin is a major structural protein of avian and reptilian lenses that
      is absent from the lenses of fish, amphibia and mammals. It appears to be a
      tetrameric protein with a native molecular weight near 200 000 (200K) and
      polypeptide molecular weight near 50K and 48K) (see Note added in proof). The
      alpha-crystallin polypeptides are extremely similar, associate in various
      combinations of four and are held together by hydrophobic interactions. Although
      principally cytoplasmic, delta-crystallin may associate with the cell membrane.
      delta-Crystallin differs from other lens crystallins in its alpha-helical
      content, native and subunit molecular weights, antigenicity, low wavelength of
      maximum fluorescence emission (315 nm) after excitation at 280 nm and amino acid
      composition (high in leucine; low in aromatic residues en no cysteine). Analyses
      of peptides, native and subunit molecular weights, and circular dichroism spectra
      indicate that the primary, secondary, tertiary and subunit structures of delta
      crystallin have been generally conserved during evolution. There are at least two
      tandemly arranged delta-crystallin containing 13-15 introns in the chicken; a
      similar structure exists for a cloned delta-crystallin gene in the duck.
      Experiments with chicken show that delta-crystallin synthesis occurs principally
      in the embryo, especially during lens fiber cell differentiation. delta
      Crystallin synthesis also takes place during lens fiber cell differentiation in
      culture. There is evidence for both transcriptional and post-transcriptional
      regulation of delta-crystallin synthesis. Current studies on the crystallographic
      and primary structures of delta-crystallin, on the structure, evolution and
      expression of the delta-crystallin genes, and on the translation of delta
      crystallin mRNAs make this specialized lens protein an active area of
      investigation.

PMID- 6369115
TI  - Rabbit red blood cell hexokinase. Evidences for an ATP-dependent decay during
      cell maturation.
AB  - Rabbit hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1) has been shown to exist in reticulocytes as two
      distinct molecular forms, designated hexokinase Ia and Ib, but only one of these
      was consistently present in mature red cells. In vivo, hexokinase Ia and Ib show
      a decay rate of 3 and 8% a day, respectively, while in vitro they show a similar
      stability. The possibility that the proteolytic activities of the reticulocyte
      could be responsible for the fast decay of hexokinase was investigated. No
      differences were found in the decay rates of hexokinase Ia and Ib during in vitro
      reticulocyte maturation in presence or absence of proteolytic inhibitors.
      Contrariwise, many findings indicate the ATP-dependent proteolytic system of the
      reticulocyte as a possible mechanism. In fact, the decay of hexokinase and the
      degradation of 3H-globins are both stimulated by ATP and ubiquitin; they show
      similar kinetic properties and both disappear during reticulocyte maturation. The
      cellular localization of hexokinase Ia and Ib was shown to be responsible for the
      differences found between their decay rates.

PMID- 6369116
TI  - [Possible role of tRNA1Lys in recognition of pre-mRNA sequences involved in the
      control of splicing].
AB  - Previously we presented some evidence for involvement of the imported tRNA1Lys in
      splicing the mitochondrial mosaic genes transcripts in yeast. The new data
      provided here together with our previous results show that tRNA1Lys/transcripts
      complementarity permits accurate prediction of intron-exon donor boundaries for
      at least 7 (probably all 9) Dujonian 1st class introns. A computer-assisted
      search for homologies between mosaic genes transcripts and sequences
      complementary to tRNA1Lys reveals most of the control sequences previously
      determined as the sites of 1) cis-acting splicing blocks, 2) conserved RNA
      sequences and 3) conserved features of transcripts secondary structure. The
      sequences revealed in our study are as follows: sequences GGGGG and GGCTC in 2nd
      class introns and less convincing cases are R + E', E + P and IG in 1st class
      introns. The results obtained here together with the results of other authors
      suggest a series of (often weak) alternative RNA-RNA interactions needed to
      regulate and(or) provide a sufficiently error-free mechanism of splicing for the
      mosaic genes transcripts. A comparison was made of: 1) sequences near the sites
      of 2 different autocatalytic Tetrahymena pre-rRNA cleavage-ligation events
      (splicing and cyclization of the intron RNA) and 2) sequences of tRNA1Lys
      probably contacting donor boundaries of 1st class mitochondrial introns. The
      comparison reveals an obvious conservation of some basic structure regardless of
      the different chemical directions of the strands involved. The result suggests a
      possible catalytic function for the tRNA1Lys probably involved also in
      recognition and control processes of mitochondrial transcripts splicing.

PMID- 6369113
TI  - Is the membrane attack complex of complement an enzyme?
AB  - Recent studies on the functional activities of the membrane attack complex of
      complement, C5b-9, are reviewed. A new speculative hypothesis has been advanced
      to account for the ability of complement to mediate lysis of various targets.
      This hypothesis has three major elements: 1) that the membrane attack complex is
      an enzyme; 2) that the substrate for this putative enzyme is a membrane
      constituent; 3) that the substrate specificity of the putative enzyme is
      dependent on the species source of individual complement components within the
      C5b-9 complex.

PMID- 6369117
TI  - [Expression in Escherichia coli cells of mutant human interferon alpha2].
AB  - cDNA library was obtained from mRNA isolated from human leukocytes induced by
      Newcastle disease virus. Clones containing cDNA for alpha 2-interferons were
      identified by colony hybridization with two synthetic hexadecanucleotides. One of
      the positive clones contained a NH2-terminal part of cDNA of human interferon
      identical to cDNA for IFN-alpha 2. The only difference between these two clones
      was the Ser-8 leads to Asn-8 substitution in deduced sequenced of mature
      interferons. This mutant interferon, named alpha 2, was expressed in E. coli and
      its properties were compared with those of interferon alpha 2.

PMID- 6369118
TI  - Beta 2 microglobulin-like polypeptide of the goldfish, Carassius auratus.
AB  - Antisera to human beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2M) detected a plasma membrane
      molecule on goldfish (Carassius auratus) cells in immunofluorescence. A goldfish
      molecule detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA) co-eluted with human beta 2M on gel
      filtration. By affinity chromatography on immobilized antibody to human beta 2M,
      a molecule was purified (from extracts of goldfish) that showed, on SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a mobility similar to that of human beta 2M
      (apparent Mr 12,800 +/- 500).

PMID- 6369120
TI  - The Mount Sinai Journal: past.

PMID- 6369119
TI  - Complement activation by the surface of Plasmodium falciparum infected
      erythrocytes.
AB  - The surface of trophozoite-stage Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes
      will, in the presence of immune human or owl monkey serum, activate the classical
      complement pathway. This was demonstrated with a sensitive, enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay which detects the complex, C1s-C1 inhibitor, which is only
      generated when the classical pathway is activated. A second enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay, as well as Covaspheres coated with affinity-purified anti
      C3, showed that immune activation of the classical pathway by infected
      erythrocytes resulted in the accumulation of significant amounts of C3b on the
      erythrocyte surface. During the development of the parasite to the trophozoite
      stage, the erythrocyte membrane is also transformed from a non-activator into a
      surface capable of activating complement by the alternative pathway. Erythrocytes
      infected with trophozoite-stage parasites directly activated the alternative
      complement pathway. This activation led to the specific binding of an average of
      15,000 C3b molecules per infected cell. Alternative pathway activation was
      augmented by anti-parasite antibody. Such conditions mediated the accumulation of
      an average of 36,000 C3b molecules per infected erythrocyte. The amounts of C3b
      on the infected erythrocyte surface did not lead to cellular lysis. They are,
      however, likely to have a major impact on the total in vivo response to this
      parasite.

PMID- 6369121
TI  - Rabbinic comment: The infant with severe anomalies: should life-saving surgery be
      performed?

PMID- 6369122
TI  - Risk-benefit ratio: hazardous surgery and experimental therapy.

PMID- 6369123
TI  - Autopsy.

PMID- 6369124
TI  - Genetic toxicology of ascorbic acid.

PMID- 6369125
TI  - Mutagenicity of pyridine- and quinoline-carbohydroxamic acid derivatives.
AB  - 11 pyridine- and 6 quinoline-carbohydroxamic acids were tested for mutagenicity
      on Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA98. The results are compared with those
      obtained for benzohydroxamic acid and 4 naphthohydroxamic acids. Most of them
      were mutagenic on both these tester strains. Of the pyridine derivatives,
      pyridine-2-carbohydroxamic acid was the most potent mutagen. Quaternarization of
      the pyridine-ring nitrogen prevented the induction of mutation to a marked
      extent. Among the quinoline derivatives, quinoline-6-carbohydroxamic acid showed
      potent mutagenicity similar to that of 2-naphthohydroxamic acid. The present
      study supports the proposal made previously that the mechanism for mutagenicity
      of hydroxamic acids involves Lossen rearrangement of the acid conjugates produced
      by enzymic acylation (or perhaps phosphorylation or sulfation) of the hydroxamic
      acids, followed by carbamoylation of the target molecule in the cell by the
      resultant isocyanate. The multiplicity of factors determining the mutagenic
      potency of hydroxamic acids is discussed.

PMID- 6369127
TI  - The mutagenicity of mono- and di-functional aromatic glycidyl compounds.
AB  - Although epoxides are very important compounds in today's technology, they are
      not as well investigated for their carcinogenic and mutagenic properties as their
      economical importance would suggest. The present study tried, on one hand, to
      bridge the gap between microbial testing of such compounds and the in vivo
      mammalian test system. On the other hand, the comparative testing of structurally
      related substances was expected to yield some clues as to the structural
      determinants of possible in vivo mutagenic activity. Our investigations with 4
      compounds of similar structure, namely glycidylmethylaniline (GMA),
      diglycidylaniline (DGA), phenylglycidylether (PGE), and resorcinol diglycidyl
      ether (RDGE), first demonstrated that, in bacterial assays, all 4 epoxides acted
      as potent mutagens. Only the 2 difunctional epoxides, however, were active in an
      in vitro chromosomal aberration assay with CHO cells. That such in vitro results
      cannot be supposed to represent the in vivo situation is again demonstrated by
      discovery that only one of the two in vitro active substances (and in fact it is
      the less active one) also has a damaging effect in vivo. It, therefore, seems
      quite justifiable to conclude that two structural features must be combined in an
      aromatic glycidyl compound if it is to exert chromosome damaging activity in
      vivo: The substance must possess 2 epoxy functions, and they must be bound to the
      aromatic nucleus by an aminic nitrogen. The industrial use of aromatic glycidyl
      ethers might, therefore, be considered not to pose a great systemic risk for
      mutagenicity or carcinogenicity, without completely excluding the possibility of
      local effects.

PMID- 6369126
TI  - High mutagenic activity formed in pan-broiled pork.
AB  - Lean pork was pan-broiled at various temperatures between 100 and 290 degrees C.
      Cooking was performed in an open frying pan common for domestic use in Sweden. No
      fat was added. Cooking procedures are clearly defined in order to facilitate
      inter-laboratory comparisons. The crust was extracted with organic solvents of
      varying polarity. The mutagenic activity was assayed with Ames' Salmonella
      mutagenicity test. Large amounts of mutagenic activity were detected in samples
      pan-broiled at 200-290 degrees C. The mutagenic activity recovered was about 10
      times higher than that reported by previous investigators to be found during
      cooking of meat under similar conditions. This discrepancy could be due to
      differences in the composition of Swedish pork as compared to the meat samples
      used by other investigators or to different methodology in cooking and extraction
      procedures.

PMID- 6369128
TI  - Mutagenicity of urine of various species fed N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2
      thiazolyl]formamide or 2-amino-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole.
AB  - Rats, mice and hamsters, which are susceptible to the bladder carcinogenesis by N
      [4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT), and guinea pigs, which are
      not, were fed a diet containing 0.188% FANFT or 0.188% 2-amino-4-(5-nitro-2
      furyl)thiazole (ANFT) for 1 week and their urine was then examined for
      mutagenicity for S. typhimurium TA100. The mutagenicities of the urine of these
      species fed FANFT were approximately equal. Similarly, that of the urine of these
      species fed ANFT were also approximately equal. However, the urine from FANFT-fed
      animals was approximately 10 times as mutagenic as that from ANFT-fed animals.
      ANFT was detected only in the urine of rats, mice or hamsters fed FANFT. A
      positive correlation between the susceptibility toward bladder carcinogenesis by
      FANFT and urinary ANFT excretion was demonstrated, although the correlation
      between this susceptibility and urine mutagenicity was lacking.

PMID- 6369129
TI  - Electronmicroscopic studies of Candida albicans infected kidneys in non-immunized
      and immunized hosts.

PMID- 6369130
TI  - [Tinea capitis caused by combined infection with Trichophyton violaceum and
      Candida albicans].

PMID- 6369131
TI  - Identification of the skin basement-membrane autoantigen in epidermolysis bullosa
      acquisita.
AB  - Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita is an acquired chronic blistering disease of the
      skin, in which separation of the skin occurs in the basement-membrane zone
      between the epidermis and the dermis. There is evidence that blistering is
      initiated by an immune process. Using serum samples from nine patients as a
      source of antibodies, we have identified a major protein of the basement membrane
      of human skin that serves as the antigen (or target) for autoantibodies in this
      disorder. This previously unrecognized protein, which consists of two components
      of 290,000 and 145,000 daltons, is distinct from other known components of the
      basement membrane. These studies provide evidence that epidermolysis bullosa
      acquisita is a specific disease that is different from other primary bullous
      diseases, such as bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris, and suggest that the
      basement-membrane component that has been identified may have a role in normal
      epidermal-dermal adherence.

PMID- 6369132
TI  - Rapid prenatal diagnosis of glycogen-storage disease type II by electron
      microscopy of uncultured amniotic-fluid cells.
AB  - Glycogen-storage disease Type IIa is a fatal, genetically determined disease of
      infancy or early childhood that is characterized by deficient activity of acid
      alpha-glucosidase and by the presence of intracellular vacuoles full of glycogen,
      which are found in most tissues, including skin and liver. On electron microscopy
      these specific vacuoles are tightly packed accumulations of glycogen particles
      surrounded by a single membrane. We did electron-microscopical examinations on
      uncultured amniotic-fluid cells from 26 women whose fetuses were at risk for
      glycogen-storage disease Type IIa and from 8 normal control pregnant women. We
      found specific vacuoles in cells from 6 of the 26 high-risk patients. At
      delivery, glycogen-storage disease Type IIa was present in the infants of these 6
      women and absent in those of the other 20 according to results of clinical,
      biochemical, and electron-microscopical studies of gestational products. After
      amniocentesis at 15 to 18 weeks of gestation, the prenatal diagnosis made by
      electron microscopy of uncultured amniotic-fluid cells was available in three to
      six days, whereas it took from three to six weeks to make the diagnosis by
      enzymatic analysis of the cultured amniotic-fluid cells. We conclude that the
      electron-microscopical prenatal diagnosis of glycogen-storage disease Type IIa is
      rapid, safe, and reliable. It should facilitate earlier diagnosis and thereby
      help to preserve parental options.

PMID- 6369134
TI  - Necrotizing enterocolitis.

PMID- 6369133
TI  - Vitamin A and retinoids in health and disease.

PMID- 6369135
TI  - Cytogenetic identification of allogeneic epidermal Langerhans cells in a bone
      marrow-graft recipient.

PMID- 6369136
TI  - Culture-independent diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis using monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - To simplify the diagnosis of chlamydial genital infection, we used a fluorescein
      conjugated monoclonal antibody in immunofluorescence tests on smears prepared
      from urethral or cervical secretions obtained directly from patients. This direct
      test, requiring less than 30 minutes to perform, was based on the detection of
      extracellular chlamydial elementary bodies. A comparison of the direct test with
      cultures stained with iodine on specimens from 926 patients demonstrated a
      sensitivity of 93 per cent and a specificity of 96 per cent. The direct test
      provides a rapid, simple, and sensitive method for the diagnosis of chlamydial
      infection, which can be performed in laboratories that do not have tissue-culture
      capability.

PMID- 6369138
TI  - Murder in Guatemala.

PMID- 6369137
TI  - Biologic and clinical importance of proinsulin.

PMID- 6369139
TI  - Intracoronary streptokinase for myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6369140
TI  - HMOs (for-profit and not-for-profit) on the move.

PMID- 6369142
TI  - Coronary-artery bypass grafting.

PMID- 6369141
TI  - Recurrent bacterial infections in children.

PMID- 6369143
TI  - Entomogenous Fusarium species.
AB  - Fusarium species are known for their abundance in nature and their diverse
      associations with both living and dead plants and animals. Among animals Fusarium
      is found primarily in relationship with insects. This literature review of the
      past 50 years includes both non-pathogenic and pathogenic relationships between
      Fusarium and insects. Special attention is given to the host range, particularly
      between plant- and insect-hosts, and to the possible microbial potential of the
      fungus to control insect pests. Correct classification of this fungus has been
      difficult because of its diverse and non-uniform morphological features. However,
      by now a usable and reliable taxonomic system has been developed. The fungus can
      be easily cultured and mass produced. Among the non-pathogenic associations
      mutualism and allotrophy are found between Fusarium and wood-inhabiting and flour
      beetles, respectively, enhancing development and production of beetle larvae.
      Some insects contribute to the dispersal of the fungus in the environment by
      means of spore passage through their guts. Plant-pathogenic Fusarium species gain
      access to host tissue by plant-feeding insects. A large number of Fusarium spp.
      are entomopathogenic; some are weak, facultative pathogens, especially of the
      lepidopteran and coleopteran orders, and they will colonize their dead hosts as
      saprophytes. In a few cases pathogenicity to both plant and insect by one isolate
      was found. Strong pathogens were reported primarily from homopterans and
      dipterans from field observations of natural mortalities as well as from
      pathogenicity tests. Potential Fusarium isolates which cause high insect
      mortalities also show high host specificity and no damage to crop plants. The
      question of host invasion has been addressed by few investigators. Entrance of
      the fungus via the oral route, oviposition tubes, wounds, or ectoparasitic
      activity, were stated, but no claim for penetration of the insect cuticle.
      Mycotoxins, such as trichothecenes (T-2) and other secondary metabolites,
      contributed to mortalities of termites, mealworms, flour beetles, maize borers
      and blow flies, while zearalenone (F-2) exhibited a beneficial effect on egg
      production in flour beetles and a detrimental effect on fecundity in mammals.
      Studies on adverse effects of the fungus on beneficial organisms (including
      mammals and plants) revealed that both harmful as well as safe Fusarium isolates
      exist in nature. Highly host-specific and strongly entomopathogenic Fusarium
      isolates should be more extensively studied and tested for their possible use in
      biological control.

PMID- 6369144
TI  - Effect of yeast growth conditions on yeast-mycelial transition in Candida
      albicans.
AB  - When grown and induced to form germ tubes in liquid defined media, yeast cells of
      Candida albicans must reach stationary phase before acquiring ability to carry
      out the yeast-mycelial transition. This study examined the effect of the carbon
      source utilized for yeast growth on the inducibility of stationary phase yeast.
      When grown to the same stationary phase cell density as glucose cultures,
      cultures grown on citrate were fully inducible while cultures grown on galactose
      and mannose showed a small reduction. Cultures grown on ethanol were reduced 80%
      in morphological conversion. When glucose grown cells were induced in the
      presence of these carbon sources, hexoses supported full induction while ethanol
      reduced induction 80%. Induction in the presence of carboxylic acids was similar
      to induction in the absence of added carbon source. When induced on the same
      source used in yeast growth, germ tube formation was reduced for all carbon
      sources except hexoses. When induced in the absence of added carbon source,
      yeasts grown on citrate and ethanol were inhibited 80-100%. Cultures starved for
      glucose were more inhibited than cultures starved for NH4Cl when induced without
      added carbon source. These observations suggest that the metabolic state of the
      stationary phase cell is an important factor in the ability to respond to
      conditions inducing germ tube formation.

PMID- 6369145
TI  - Hyperpolarization of fish retinal horizontal cells by kainate and quisqualate.
AB  - Kainic (KA) and quisqualic (QA) acids have a potent depolarizing action on a
      variety of neurones of the central nervous system, including retinal horizontal
      cells. We now report the novel finding that at low concentrations (1-3 microM),
      these 'excitatory' amino acids hyperpolarize horizontal cells of the fish retina.
      We show that the hyperpolarizing effects of both KA and QA are reversed by the
      gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) antagonist bicuculline, whereas a second GABA
      antagonist, picrotoxin, reverses the effects of KA, but not of QA. Neither GABA
      antagonist influences horizontal cell depolarization by 50 microM KA or 50 microM
      QA, thus the excitatory (depolarizing and inhibitory (hyperpolarizing) effects of
      the amino acids involve independent mechanisms. We provide evidence that the
      hyperpolarizing effects are not mediated by the dopaminergic pathways associated
      with retinal horizontal cells.

PMID- 6369146
TI  - Plagiarism accusations at Stanford.

PMID- 6369147
TI  - Beta 2-microglobulin from serum associates with MHC class I antigens on the
      surface of cultured cells.
AB  - Beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) is a highly conserved polypeptide (12,000
      molecular weight; 12K) noncovalently associated with the heavy chain (45-48K) of
      the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigens. Its synthesis is
      required for expression of the HLA-A/B and H-2K/D heavy chains at the cell
      surface; beta 2-m is also associated with the human cell-surface antigens T6 and
      M241 isolated from thymocytes. However, on the T leukaemic cell line MOLT-4 some
      of the T6 antigens contain a different 12K subunit, termed beta t (refs 3, 7, 8).
      Purified human beta 2-m can exchange partially both with human beta 2-m
      associated with HLA-antigens, and with mouse beta 2-m associated with murine
      alloantigens. As MOLT-4 cells were grown in the presence of fetal calf serum
      (FCS) and as serum is known to contain some free beta 2-m, we examined whether
      beta t was bovine beta 2-m which had replaced endogenous beta 2-m on the surface
      of the cell. Here we show both that beta 2-m from FCS or human serum (HuS) used
      in cell culture can exchange with beta 2-m on the cell surface, and that beta t
      is in fact bovine beta 2-m.

PMID- 6369148
TI  - Release of the predicted calcitonin gene-related peptide from cultured rat
      trigeminal ganglion cells.
AB  - Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a putative novel neuropeptide predicted
      on the basis of alternative RNA processing events of primary transcripts of the
      calcitonin gene. Distinct mRNAs encoding either calcitonin or CGRP are generated
      from the calcitonin gene RNA transcript in what appears to be a tissue-specific
      manner. The predicted peptide has now been detected immunocytochemically in
      discrete regions of the central and peripheral nervous systems and potent in vivo
      actions have been reported for centrally and peripherally administered synthetic
      CGRP. However, so far there is no evidence that CGRP is secreted or released by
      intact cells. The present experiments investigated the possible secretion of CGRP
      in vitro using primary dispersed cell cultures of the adult rat trigeminal
      ganglion, which previously has been found to contain large amounts of CGRP mRNA
      (ref. 2). We report here that immunoreactive CGRP is spontaneously released by
      cultured trigeminal ganglion cells and that secretion is stimulated by incubation
      in high potassium medium in a calcium-dependent fashion. Chromatographic
      characterization of the secreted CGRP-like immunoreactivity (CGRP-LI) isolated
      only one molecular form which appears to be similar or identical to the predicted
      rat CGRP (1-37).

PMID- 6369150
TI  - [Mycological studies of skin diseases: culture technic].

PMID- 6369151
TI  - [Hyperinfection with Strongyloides stercoralis following kidney transplantation].

PMID- 6369149
TI  - Antagonism of the hypermotility response induced by excitatory amino acids in the
      rat nucleus accumbens.
AB  - Several compounds have been shown to antagonize the excitation of single neurons
      produced by excitatory amino acids. This study was designed to determine the
      effectiveness of these compounds in antagonizing the hypermotility response to
      excitatory amino acids after intra-accumbens administration. Of the putative
      antagonists tested, D-aminoadipic acid, diaminopimelic acid and glutamic acid
      diethyl ester all showed significant inhibitory effects on excitatory amino acid
      induced hypermotility while 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid, gamma-D
      glutamylglycine, 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid and cis-2,3-piperidine
      dicarboxylic acid were ineffective. D-Aminoadipic acid decreased N-methyl
      aspartic acid-induced hypermotility while having no significant effect on the
      hypermotility responses induced by kainic or quisqualic acids. Diaminopimelic
      acid markedly decreased N-methyl-aspartic acid- and kainic acid-induced
      hypermotility but was totally ineffective on quisqualic acid-induced
      hypermotility. In contrast to D-aminoadipic acid, glutamic acid diethyl ester
      antagonized the increase in motility produced by kainic and quisqualic acids but
      not that produced by N-methyl-aspartic acid. The above data suggests that N
      methyl-aspartic acid and quisqualic acid may produce their motor effects through
      the activation of two different receptors in the nucleus accumbens while kainic
      acid may mediate its hypermotility response through both N-methyl-aspartic acid
      and quisqualic acid receptors. However, a third receptor type activated solely by
      kainic acid cannot be excluded at this time.

PMID- 6369152
TI  - [Partial dentures for anterior diastemas. The rotational path denture as an
      alternative to conventional design].

PMID- 6369153
TI  - [Caries of the root surface].

PMID- 6369154
TI  - [Simple overlay dentures].

PMID- 6369155
TI  - [The significance of Karl Jaspers for contemporary psychiatry].

PMID- 6369156
TI  - [Karl Jaspers' psychopathology in review].

PMID- 6369157
TI  - [Jaspers, Kurt Schneider and Heidelberg psychopathology].

PMID- 6369158
TI  - [K. Schneider's concept of psychopathy as a hindrance to psychosomatic thinking].

PMID- 6369159
TI  - The treatment of familial hypercholesterolaemia by partial ileal bypass surgery.
      A review of the literature.

PMID- 6369160
TI  - Pregnancy in systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 6369161
TI  - Blood volume and sodium retention in the nephrotic syndrome: a controversial
      pathophysiological concept.

PMID- 6369162
TI  - Immunoelectron microscopic studies of IgA nephropathy.
AB  - Immunoelectron microscopy was used in this study of IgA nephropathy to examine
      the relationship between immune deposits and electron-dense deposits seen by
      electron microscopy, and these findings were correlated with the severity of
      mesangial proliferation. Immunoelectron microscopic studies for antihuman gamma
      chain, alpha-chain, mu-chain, C3, and C3d were performed by the method of Nakane
      in 16 patients with IgA nephropathy. The patients with minimal glomerular
      involvement and focal proliferative glomerulonephritis showed electron-dense
      reaction products of IgA in the paramesangial area, while the patients with
      diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis showed electron-dense reaction products
      of IgA throughout the enlarged mesangial matrix. Immunoelectron microscopy showed
      electron-dense reaction products of IgA at the same locations as the electron
      dense deposits seen on electron microscopy. C3 deposits were identified in 15 out
      of the 16 patients, but were less dense than IgA deposits. Electron-dense
      reaction products of C3 contained both positive and negative sites in 7 patients.
      Extensive C3d deposits were found in all cases in association with IgA deposits.
      The locations of these deposits were the same as those of the IgA deposits. These
      findings suggest that C3 deposits dissociate from the immune deposits and that
      the locations of the immune deposits correlate well with the severity of
      mesangial proliferation.

PMID- 6369163
TI  - In situ formation of subepithelial immune complexes in the rabbit glomerulus:
      requirement of a cationic antigen.
AB  - In a previous study we examined the role of antigenic electrical charge as a
      factor influencing glomerular immune complex (IC) localization in the rabbit.
      From that study patterned after chronic serum sickness nephritis it was
      demonstrated that the administration of charge-modified cationic bovine serum
      albumin (BSA) of isoelectric point (pI) greater than or equal to 9.5 invariably
      resulted in heavy subepithelial deposits, whereas native BSA (anionic, pI 4.5)
      produced principally mesangial deposits. In order to investigate the mechanism by
      which the immune deposits formed, passive serum sickness was induced in New
      Zealand white rabbits by unilaterally perfusing kidneys of nonimmunized rabbits
      with five alternating cycles of saline, antigen and antibody, or immunized
      rabbits with saline and antigen alone. Localization of BSA and IgG along the
      glomerular basement membrane (GBM) occurred only after exposure to cationic BSA
      and antibody; nonimmunized animals perfused with cationic BSA and antibody to
      cationic BSA uniformly developed generalized, diffuse nearly linear deposits of
      IgG and BSA along the GBM. Similar deposits, which became progressively more
      granular after exposure to circulating antibody, were seen after the perfusion of
      cationic BSA alone into animals actively immunized with cationic or native BSA.
      Ultrastructural examination showed effacement of foot processes and isolated,
      irregular subepithelial and subendothelial deposits. Control perfusion employing
      alternating cycles of native BSA and anti-native BSA antibody, cationic BSA and
      normal sheep IgG, or native BSA alone in animals actively immunized with native
      or cationic BSA failed to develop glomerular IgG deposits. All control kidneys
      were normal on ultrastructural examination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6369164
TI  - Comparison of the filtration and centrifugation methods for assaying [3H](D-ala2,
      D-leu5)enkephalin binding to mouse brain membranes.
AB  - The binding of [3H](D-ala2, D-leu5)enkephalin (DADLE) to mouse brain membranes
      was studied via rapid filtration with GF/C filters and via the centrifugation
      method. The amount of specific binding determined by filtration was found to be
      dependent on the length of time between the initiation of vacuum and the actual
      time of filtration. Vacuum strength alone also significantly affected the amount
      of specifically bound [3H]DADLE measured by filtration. The centrifugation method
      increased the number of experimentally determined binding sites when compared to
      the filtration method. The difference in the number of binding sites was only
      partially attributable to passage of binding material through the GF/C filter.
      The ability of morphine to displace [3H]DADLE was also found to differ slightly
      between the two methods. These data indicate that centrifugation is a better
      method of determining the binding parameters of [3H]DADLE in mouse brain membrane
      preparations.

PMID- 6369166
TI  - Method of computed tomography-based stereotactic biopsy with arteriographic
      control.
AB  - A method for computed tomography (CT)-based stereotactic biopsy of intracranial
      neoplasms with arteriographic control is described. Stereotactic CT and digitized
      stereotactic arteriographic data are input to a three-dimensional computer matrix
      that corresponds to the coordinate system of a stereotactic frame located in the
      operating room. A site for biopsy is selected by cursor from the CT display
      screen. The computer calculates and outputs the mechanical adjustments of the
      stereotactic frame necessary to place the target point into the focal point of
      the frame. Horizontal and vertical approach angles are determined from the
      digitized arteriogram and are displayed as settings on the stereotactic frame
      that represent an avascular trajectory along which the lesion may be biopsied
      safely. This procedure has been used successfully in 86 patients, with no
      morbidity or mortality.

PMID- 6369165
TI  - Functional dopamine receptors in the brain.

PMID- 6369167
TI  - A history of the study of the cerebral circulation and the measurement of
      cerebral blood flow.

PMID- 6369168
TI  - Pituitary apoplexy: a review.
AB  - The authors present a critical review of the literature on the hemorrhagic
      complications of pituitary adenomas, especially those leading to apoplexy. They
      emphasize the distinction between pituitary apoplexy, hemorrhages leading to
      sudden endocrine alterations, and asymptomatic hemorrhages. Moreover, they
      speculate upon the possible pathophysiology of pituitary apoplexy and its
      predisposing factors. The clinical presentation, natural history, radiological
      findings, and differential diagnosis are also discussed. Finally, the historical
      evolution of the treatment of pituitary apoplexy is reviewed, with emphasis on
      the surgical treatment.

PMID- 6369169
TI  - On the search for the sources of the electroencephalogram.

PMID- 6369170
TI  - Classics in neurology. Congenital facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
      described by Duchenne in 1862.

PMID- 6369171
TI  - [Synthesis of the current status of the knowledge on industrial anesthesiologic
      pathology. Prevention and anti-pollution devices].

PMID- 6369172
TI  - [Effect of guar on the variations of blood triglycerides after a test meal and
      after acute administration of medium chain triglycerides].

PMID- 6369173
TI  - [Mycobacterial infections].
AB  - Author dwells upon the recent acquisitions about Mycobacterial diseases, that can
      be the clinical emerging problem now that tuberculosis is on the decrease. The
      natural "habitat" of non tubercular Mycobacteria is external environment. In
      human pathology there are several possible localizations. The boundary line
      between infection and disease is not easily identifiable, in that these
      Mycobacteria tend to infect the already damaged tissues. Author then examines the
      clinical aspects of pulmonary Mycobacterial diseases, emphasizing their frequent
      association with other pulmonary diseases. The specificity of cutaneous tests is
      challenged, since a certain diagnosis of Mycobacterial disease is only made by
      repeated isolations of bacterium. The therapeutic programme and prognosis are
      conditioned by Mycobacterial pharmacoresistances and by predisposing host
      conditions.

PMID- 6369174
TI  - [Rheumatoid arthritis. Considerations on a rational therapeutic strategy].
AB  - Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a progressive disease of unknown aetiology which may
      be caused by faulty immune mechanisms. Early diagnosis and correct treatment can
      be extremely effective. Fast and lasting results can only be obtained by an
      appropriate combination of NSAID and DMARD drugs which both reduce subjective
      symptoms and halt the progression of the disease.

PMID- 6369176
TI  - [Use of high-dose lysozyme in the treatment of herpes zoster and flat warts].
AB  - Lysozyme is a natural enzyme with antiviral, antibacterial and immunomodulating+
      action. This drug has several dermatological applications particularly in the
      therapy of some viral skin diseases as herpes zoster, viral warts and aphthous
      stomatitis. In this work the Author has valued the efficacy of high dosage
      lysozyme in the treatment of 30 patients with herpes zoster infection and in 10
      patients affected with viral plane warts. The good results obtained in this
      clinical trial confirm those reported in previous papers and denote the
      usefulness of this therapy.

PMID- 6369175
TI  - [Diuretics in cardiovascular pathology. Their clinical use in the light of recent
      pathogenetic studies].
AB  - The action of the most common diuretics is reviewed with emphasis on precise
      indications in the case of cardiac deficiency, arterial hypertension and certain
      forms of angina pectoris. These drugs are judged extremely useful if the
      necessary precautions are taken at all times. Disturbances to the water
      electrolyte balance may however occur during treatment and changes in the
      magnesium electrolyte are described in the light of recent developments in our
      knowledge of the physiopathology of diuretics.

PMID- 6369177
TI  - Medicare. A burden. A necessity--the impact on hospital services.

PMID- 6369178
TI  - Immunofluorescent evidence of an FMRFamide-like peptide in the peripheral nervous
      system of the gastropod mollusc Helix aspersa.
AB  - An antiserum raised against the FMRFamide peptide revealed a highly developed
      peripheral nervous system in the mollusc Helix aspersa. Immunoreactive fibres
      associated with muscular fibres are observed in all organs. Cell bodies are
      frequently seen, for example in the digestive and genital tracts. The antiserum
      also revealed associations between immunoreactive fibres and non-reactive
      perikarya. In Helix aspersa an FMRFamide-like peptide is most likely a
      neurotransmitter/neuromodulator for muscular and peripheral nervous activity.

PMID- 6369180
TI  - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive nerves in the kidney.
AB  - Nerve fibers immunoreactive for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were
      demonstrated by immunocytochemistry in the dog and rat kidney. They were seen in
      association with the renal artery and its branches. In the dog, VIP
      immunoreactive fibers were rarely seen close to small blood vessels suggestive of
      arterioles. The possible existence of neuroeffector junctions between VIP
      positive fibers and renin-secreting juxtaglomerular cells requires further
      investigation. VIP-positive renal nerves, however, might have a vasodilatatory
      role.

PMID- 6369179
TI  - Immunocytochemical identification of cholinergic neurons in the monkey central
      nervous system using monoclonal antibodies against choline acetyltransferase.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody directed against rat brain choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)
      was used to stain cholinergic nerve cells within the brain and spinal cord of
      macaques. ChAT immunoreactivity was seen in motor neurons of the brainstem and
      spinal cord, in large neurons of the striatum, and in large neurons in the basal
      forebrain (medial septum--diagonal band--nucleus basalis complex); each of these
      groups of neurons is believed to be cholinergic. The ability to visualize
      cholinergic neurons in the nervous system of primates provides a new approach to
      the study of cholinergic systems in health and disease.

PMID- 6369181
TI  - Expression of neuron-specific enolase in cultured neurons from the fetal rat.
AB  - A specific antiserum to neuron-specific enolase (NSE), an isoenzyme of the
      glycolytic enzyme enolase, has been used to immunocytochemically study the
      differentiation of dissociated embryonic brain cells grown in serum-supplemented
      or serum-free (defined) medium for 4-28 days. The number of positively stained
      neurons increased with time up to 21 days in culture, irrespective of the medium
      composition. By day 14, the majority of neurons contained immunoreactive NSE in
      their cell bodies and fiber profiles. These data indicate that cultured embryonic
      neurons undergo differentiation in their serum-supplemented or serum-free medium,
      and that dissociated brain cell cultures may provide a model system for
      investigating cellular and molecular aspects of neuronal differentiation.

PMID- 6369182
TI  - Influence of ascending noradrenergic fibers on the neurotensin-like
      immunoreactive neurons in the rat paraventricular nucleus.
AB  - Regulation of the neurotensin (NT)-producing neurons by ascending catecholamine
      fibers in the paraventricular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus was examined using
      fluorescence histochemistry and immunohistochemistry after the destruction of the
      ascending catecholamine pathway by 6-hydroxydopamine. On the ipsilaterally
      operated side, the fluorescence of the catecholamine terminals decreased
      remarkably in the paraventricular nucleus whereas an accumulation of
      catecholamine fluorescence was observed in the caudal mesencephalon rostral to
      the locus coeruleus. In addition, the number of neural perikarya with NT-like
      immunoreactivity was greatly decreased in the paraventricular nucleus on the
      operated side compared with the intact side as determined by peroxidase
      antiperoxidase immunohistochemistry. This decrease in the NT-like immunoreactive
      neural perikarya may be due to the disappearance of noradrenergic input to the NT
      like immunoreactive neurons through axo-somatic or axo-dendritic synapses.

PMID- 6369183
TI  - Entry into nursing practice: does nursing history repeat itself?

PMID- 6369184
TI  - What the experts say. Relieving pain: four noninvasive ways you should know more
      about.

PMID- 6369185
TI  - Kidney donation.

PMID- 6369186
TI  - The immunosuppressive effect of blood transfusion.

PMID- 6369187
TI  - Student nurses' supplement: prevalent diseases and their treatment.

PMID- 6369188
TI  - Pages from the past.

PMID- 6369189
TI  - Resources for nursing history.

PMID- 6369190
TI  - 75 years of Kai Tiaki.

PMID- 6369191
TI  - Nursing education - a major shift.

PMID- 6369193
TI  - Internship: to promote the general welfare.

PMID- 6369192
TI  - Olive Anstey CBE, MBE.

PMID- 6369194
TI  - Monseigneur Andre Jaques Fougerat; ecclesiastical advisor of CICIAMS (1952-1982).

PMID- 6369195
TI  - [The origins of CICIAMS and its development during 50 years].

PMID- 6369197
TI  - The removable partial denture base.

PMID- 6369196
TI  - Partial denture frameworks: gold or chromium alloy?

PMID- 6369198
TI  - Synopsis of rest and retainer design.

PMID- 6369199
TI  - Controlling esthetics in removable partial dentures.

PMID- 6369200
TI  - Attachment-retained partial dentures.

PMID- 6369201
TI  - Rural health and Medicaid.

PMID- 6369202
TI  - [Isolated liver perfusion in advanced metastases of colorectal cancers].
AB  - A special cannulation system was developed in order to completely isolate the
      liver in an extracorporeal circuit. Isolated hyperthermic liver perfusion at 40
      degrees C with an average dosage of 1000 mg 5-FU was performed in 32 patients
      with liver metastases (29 colorectal carcinomas, 2 carcinoids, 1 primary
      hepatoma). 12 patients who had an overall 45% tumor invasion of the entire liver
      volume as measured in CT-scan were treated exclusively by isolated liver
      perfusion. In that group median survival was 8 months and death occurred in the
      presence of extrahepatic metastases. Better results are achieved with isolated
      liver perfusion followed by intraarterial short-time infusions (Mitomycin C/5-FU)
      via an Implantofix catheter. Median actual survival in this group is 12 months,
      the longest follow-up period is 23 months.

PMID- 6369203
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil and its permeation in pleural effusions in
      the therapy of metastatic breast cancer].
AB  - The pharmacokinetic of 5-Fluorouracil and its permeation into malignant pleural
      effusion was investigated in 9 patients with breast carcinoma who received 600
      mg/m2 5-Fluorouracil i.v. within the CMF protocol. Despite the short plasma
      halflife of 5-Fluorouracil (16,8 min) distinct concentrations with peak levels up
      to 115 nmol/ml after 30 min were observed in the effusions. In consequence of the
      rapid elimination of 5-Fluorouracil from the plasma and the comparatively slow
      retrograde diffusion (t 1/2 55 min) from the pleural space, the drug levels
      persisted longer in the effusions, than in the blood. Thus the area under the
      curve of the pleural level (AUC) reached 50% (27-85%) of the corresponding plasma
      AUC (10,9 +/- 2,3 mumol x min x ml-1). From a pharmacokinetic point of view, no
      additional local instillations of 5-Fluorouracil are necessary during a systemic
      therapy of breast cancer with pleural effusions.

PMID- 6369204
TI  - Histographic DNA pattern as an aid for diagnosis and therapy of minimal invasive
      endometrial cancer.
AB  - The atypical adenomatous hyperplasia of the endometrium may be considered as
      carcinoma in situ. The histologic diagnosis from curettings of passages to
      minimal invasive or occult carcinomas of the corpus uteri may be difficult. Also
      the determination of DNA in the cell nuclei and its histographic evaluation do
      not permit to differentiate between atypical hyperplasias and invasive
      adenocarcinomas. Only the early or minimal invasive carcinoma shows a higher rate
      of proliferation, assuming a stepwise development of carcinoma in which phases of
      activity and retirement are changing. In these cases the DNA photometry may
      support the histologic diagnosis of invasive growth and facilitate the choice of
      therapy.

PMID- 6369205
TI  - [Clinical staging and course evaluation of patients with multiple myeloma and
      benign monoclonal hyperglobulinemia using the Salmon-Wampler total tumor cell
      mass calculation].
AB  - The calculation of tumor cell mass according to Salmon and Wampler was applied in
      a retrospective study comprising 79 unselected patients with multiple myeloma.
      The method proved to be a useful parameter for judging prognosis and course of
      the disease. IgG myelomas showed a better and prolonged regression of tumor cell
      mass than IgA myelomas. The average reduction of tumor cell mass under
      chemotherapy amounted to approximately 0.5 log. 38.5% of all patients went into a
      plateau phase after an initial decrease of their tumor cell mass, 30.8% showed
      varying values, whereas in 7.7% the reduction of the tumor cell mass occurred in
      a protracted fashion. The investigation of those patients in whom the first
      chemotherapy regimen was exchanged for another one showed, however, that the
      tumor cell mass calculation could not replace other controls, particularly X-ray
      controls pertaining to the progression of bone destruction. In benign monoclonal
      hyperglobulinemia, the calculation of the "tumor cell mass" can be applied as a
      sensitive parameter for judging the transition into multiple myeloma.

PMID- 6369206
TI  - [Population based data in North Baden on malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal
      tract].
AB  - Population-based data of malignomas of the gastro-intestinal tract were evaluated
      from the regional cancer registry North-Baden for the period of 1971-1980. The
      age standardized incidence of oesophagus carcinomas shows a steady level of
      4.5/100,000 (males) and 0.5/100,000 (females); the age standardized incidence of
      stomach carcinomas increased from 1971 to 1974, then shows a decline for both
      males and females, where the colon carcinomas show an increase of 80% for the
      same time period, also the cancer of the small intestines and of the rectum,
      increased slightly. Compared to data of other cancer registries the world
      standardized incidence of rectum carcinomas is of the same level as the data from
      the cancer registry of Bas-Rhin and is with an incidence of 25.8/100,000 males;
      16.2/100,000 females above the incidence of all other cancer registries. The post
      operative TNM-stage differs for the different primary topographies. Especially
      patients with colon carcinomas were operated when the carcinoma was in an
      advanced stage, patients with rectum carcinomas were operated at a less advanced
      stage. Male patients with an oesophagus carcinoma showed in a significant
      percentage an advanced smoking and alcohol consumption, compared to patients
      suffering from stomach, colon or rectum carcinomas. The specialized organisation
      of the cancer registry shows a high efficiency due to the requirements of the
      public health system, and is very useful in the evaluation of descriptive and
      analytic population-based cancer data.

PMID- 6369207
TI  - [Localized edema following cytostatic therapy].
AB  - In a phase II trial for non-small cell carcinoma of the lung and squamous cell
      carcinoma of the head and neck 16 patients were treated with a 3 drug combination
      chemotherapy: Cis-platinum, VP16, and vindesine. During therapy 4 patients
      suffered from localized transitory edema. This side effect has not been reported
      yet.

PMID- 6369208
TI  - [Bioavailability of cyclophosphamide following oral administration in high
      doses].
AB  - Mean rate of absorption of cyclophosphamide after oral administration from
      studies in which the drug is given in doses of 0,7 g/m2 body surface both orally
      and intravenously to the same 18 tumor patients is 87.7% (s - 21.1%). The drug
      may be administered orally with good bioavailability at the high dose.

PMID- 6369209
TI  - [A new principle in endocrine therapy of metastatic breast cancer:
      aminoglutethimide, an antiestrogen with aromatase-inhibiting action].

PMID- 6369210
TI  - Fetal antigens in the precursor stages of gastric cancer.
AB  - Gastric epithelial cells, identified in biopsy specimens from individuals with
      varying degrees of gastritis and cellular atypia, were classified according to
      morphology and reactivity with an adult tissue-absorbed rabbit antibody to 2nd
      trimester human fetal tissue. Sections of stomach from normal individuals and
      patients with superficial gastritis were generally unreactive with this antibody
      as determined by immunoperoxidase microscopy. However, a progressive increase in
      the frequency of antigen-positive gastric epithelial cells was observed during
      the transition from superficial gastritis to mature metaplasia to dysplasia.
      Adjunct immunohistologic subclassification of gastric lesions, thus, appears to
      be possible using a suitably prepared antibody probe. This approach may provide
      additional parameters necessary for assessment of preneoplastic syndromes and
      contribute to clinical staging of gastric disease.

PMID- 6369211
TI  - Tarsal polishing and mucous membrane grafting for cicatricial entropion,
      trichiasis and epidermalization.
AB  - In a manner similar to dermabrasion, epidermalized tarsal conjunctiva is polished
      and then the tarsus is grafted with full-thickness buccal mucous membrane. This
      has been applied with rewarding results in patients afflicted with Stevens
      Johnson syndrome, ocular pemphigoid and scarred eyelids with secondary
      epidermalization.

PMID- 6369212
TI  - New suturing material for medial canthal plication and repair.
AB  - This paper describes the use of fine steel wire as a suture material. The suture
      was developed by the authors for medial canthal plication and repair, and has
      been used since 1978 in 125 cases. It describes surgical techniques to be used
      with this suture material.

PMID- 6369213
TI  - Histological study of epikeratophakia in primates.
AB  - Two primate corneas were analyzed histologically 22 and 25 months after
      epikeratophakia surgery. Keratocytes had migrated from the host cornea into the
      lenticule through the surgical disruption of the host Bowman's membrane; the
      lenticule with the wider connection to the host cornea appeared to have more
      complete keratocyte repopulation. The lenticule stroma and host Bowman's membrane
      were continuously apposed along the interface, with a basement membrane-like
      material composed of collagen fibrils and amorphous matrix filling the
      interstices.

PMID- 6369214
TI  - Sodium hyaluronate in cataract surgery. I. Report on the use of Healon in two
      different types of intracapsular cataract surgery.
AB  - Healon has been used in a prospective study as a surgical device for two cataract
      surgical methods. The study comprised 80 patients divided into two groups. In
      each group Healon and balanced salt solution (BSS) was randomly applied in two
      age-matched patient subgroups. The surgical procedures were intracapsular
      cataract extraction (ICCE) with corneoscleral incision and ICCE with corneal
      incision. Healon is shown to have a protective effect on the cornea as judged by
      corneal thickness measurements and by endothelial cell counts. Healon facilitated
      the surgical procedure in several ways. No side effects, either with regard to
      intraocular pressure or to postoperative inflammatory reaction have been
      observed.

PMID- 6369215
TI  - Sodium hyaluronate in cataract surgery. II. Report on the use of Healon in
      extracapsular cataract surgery using phacoemulsification.
AB  - Healon has been used in a prospective study as a surgical device for
      extracapsular cataract extraction using Kelman's phacoemulsification technique.
      The study comprised 38 patients divided into two groups. Healon and balanced salt
      solution (BSS) were randomly applied and the patients were age-matched. The
      emulsification was done in the anterior chamber. Healon is shown to have a
      protective effect on the cornea as judged by corneal thickness measurements and
      by endothelial cell counts. Healon facilitated the procedure in several ways. In
      this study no attempt was made to remove Healon from anterior chamber at the end
      of surgery. It cannot be excluded that Healon may occasionally cause increased
      intraocular pressure. With regard to postoperative inflammatory reaction and
      wound healing, no side effects have been observed after use of Healon.

PMID- 6369216
TI  - Prevention of lens opacification during diabetic vitrectomy.
AB  - Lensectomy at the time of vitrectomy on diabetic patients markedly increases the
      risk of postoperative neovascular glaucoma, and is to be avoided when possible.
      We conducted a randomized prospective double-blind trial to determine if the
      addition of supplemental glucose to BSS Plus intraocular irrigating solution
      would lessen or prevent intraoperative lens opacification. Ten subjects received
      BSS Plus (glucose = 100 mg/dl); five (50%) developed intraoperative lens changes
      which interfered with the surgeon's view (three to an extent necessitating
      lensectomy). Ten subjects received glucose fortified BSS Plus (glucose = 400
      mg/dl); none developed intraoperative lens changes (P less than 0.03, Mann
      Whitney Rank). There was no statistically significant difference between the two
      study groups with respect to preoperative lens changes, infusion fluid volume,
      operative time, patient age, duration of diabetes, fasting blood glucose level,
      hemoglobin A1 level or lens clarity 5 months after surgery. We conclude that
      glucose fortification of BSS Plus significantly reduces intraoperative lens
      opacification during diabetic vitrectomy.

PMID- 6369217
TI  - Dermis-fat graft in socket reconstruction: theoretical and experimental
      considerations.
AB  - Seventy-seven dermis-fat graft specimens with cup shapes of varying diameters
      were removed from nine cadavers, and their volumes were determined by volume
      displacement. Theoretical volumes were calculated by assuming that the cup shape
      of the grafts would result in a volume size between that of a cone and that of a
      cylinder, all of equal diameters and heights. The resulting data demonstrate a
      close correlation between the measured and the calculated volumes. Graft volume
      in different-sized orbits can be accurately determined by preplacement of
      different-sized Mule spheres and testing for adequacy of fit.

PMID- 6369218
TI  - Dealing with decay under fixed bridgework. A case report.

PMID- 6369219
TI  - Maxillofacial manifestations of multiple myeloma. An unusual case and review of
      the literature.
AB  - Oral symptoms and signs of multiple myeloma are common. An unusual case with
      pathologic fracture of the pterygoid process and external root resorption is
      presented. The literature is reviewed with respect to the prevalence of
      maxillofacial manifestations of multiple myeloma and the presence of such
      manifestations as the first sign and/or symptom of disease.

PMID- 6369220
TI  - The influence of bis-dequalinium acetate on bone regeneration induced by grafts
      of combined inorganic heterologous bone and autologous marrow.
AB  - The present study was undertaken in order to determine the influence of BDA on
      bone regeneration and remodeling. Pieces of Kiel bone soaked with autologous bone
      marrow were implanted in the axial area of rats. The implantation sites were
      injected with 0.3 cc of 0.005% BDA 3 to 14 days after grafting; the control group
      was injected with Hartmann solution. Results indicated that BDA does not
      interfere with the bone-remodeling process. It does, however, have an inhibitory
      effect on the early stage of mesenchymal cell proliferation, that is, the
      development of osteoblasts from bone marrow stromal cells. Extrapolation of these
      findings to earlier evidence regarding the mode of action of this material is
      currently being investigated.

PMID- 6369221
TI  - [Salute to the 90-year old Albert Szent-Gyorgyi].

PMID- 6369222
TI  - [Reflections on muscle research (in commemoration of Prof. A. Katschalsky
      Katzir)].

PMID- 6369223
TI  - [Results of muscle research].

PMID- 6369224
TI  - [A Hungarian medical writer and the Russian revolution (Arthur Munk)].

PMID- 6369225
TI  - [Imbalance of carbohydrate metabolism caused by the improper use of syringes].

PMID- 6369226
TI  - [The Hungarian physician-traveler of the arctic world (Gyula Kepes)].

PMID- 6369227
TI  - [Medical references from the times of Turkish occupation in the works of
      Transylvanian historians].

PMID- 6369228
TI  - [Dr. Rudolf Fuszek, one-time minister of Liberia].

PMID- 6369230
TI  - Chymodiactin (chymopapain): sterile powder for injection in vials.

PMID- 6369229
TI  - Chymopapain: alternative to laminectomy for herniated lumbar discs.

PMID- 6369231
TI  - Allograft transplantation: distal femoral allograft--a case study.

PMID- 6369232
TI  - Malignant hyperthermia.

PMID- 6369233
TI  - SIDS research update.

PMID- 6369234
TI  - The American Pediatric Society membership list 1983-1984.

PMID- 6369236
TI  - The European Society for Pediatric Research membership list 1983-1984.

PMID- 6369235
TI  - The Society for Pediatric Research membership list 1983-1984.

PMID- 6369237
TI  - The Latin American Society for Pediatric Research membership list 1983-1984.

PMID- 6369238
TI  - Effect of prophylactic phenobarbital on intraventricular hemorrhage in high-risk
      infants.
AB  - Forty-two premature infants less than 24 hours of age, with normal admission
      echoencephalograms, were randomly assigned to control or phenobarbital treatment
      groups. Infants in the treated group received two loading doses of 10 mg/kg of
      phenobarbital 12 hours apart, followed by a maintenance dose of 2.5 mg/kg every
      12 hours for 6 days. Serial echoencephalograms were obtained in both groups. The
      groups were comparable with regard to birth weight, gestational age, and
      potential risk factors for subependymal-intraventricular hemorrhage. Ten infants
      (48%) in each group developed hemorrhage. The hemorrhages in the phenobarbital
      treated group were significantly less severe than those in the control group. The
      phenobarbital-treated infants who bled, however, were also significantly larger
      and more mature than control infants who bled. The results of this study indicate
      no effect of phenobarbital on the incidence of subependymal-intraventricular
      hemorrhage, but a possible beneficial effect on the severity of hemorrhage.

PMID- 6369239
TI  - Persistence of diminished bone mineral content following renal transplantation in
      childhood.
AB  - Bone mineral content (BMC) was measured in the nondominant arm of 18 children
      (aged 3 7/12 to 17 1/2 years) for a total 783 months after renal transplantation.
      Using photon absorptiometry, 89 measurements were made; 17 of the 18 patients had
      a functioning graft and one patient died. Significant demineralization, a BMC
      greater than -2 SD below appropriate control volumes, was found in 11 of 18
      patients (62%) and 55 of 89 measurements (61%). Bone loss was progressive; among
      the 16 patients followed for more than 6 months, ten showed a decline of more
      than 0.5 SD in BMC, five had no change, and only one showed improvement. No
      relationship was found between BMC and the use of furosemide, type of transplant
      (15 living, seven cadaver), prior renal disease (six with glomerulonephritis, 11
      tubulointerstitial), need for a second graft (five patients), chronic
      anticonvulsant therapy, or serum calcium and phosphate values. BMC was slightly
      correlated (P less than .05) with alkaline phosphatase values. BMC was more
      strongly correlated with serum creatinine (y = -0.48x + 1.25, r = -.042, P less
      than .001) and prednisone dose (mg/kg/d) (y = -0.65x + 0.481, r = -.543, P less
      than .001) in an inverse relationship. Patients whose serum creatinine value was
      less than 1 mg/dL had a BMC of -0.71 +/- 0.34 SD; those with serum creatinine
      value greater than 2 mg/dL had BMC of -3.32 +/- 0.31 SD, different at P less than
      .001. Patients receiving daily prednisone therapy had a significantly lower BMC
      than those receiving alternate-day therapy (-3.11 +/- 1.23 SD v -1.72 +/- 1.29
      SD, P less than .005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6369240
TI  - [Use of monopeak insulin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in children].

PMID- 6369241
TI  - Two pins and a length of string: Kepler's vision.

PMID- 6369242
TI  - [Intravenous digital subtraction angiography using an extra-large field size].

PMID- 6369243
TI  - Occurrence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in calves with acute neonatal
      diarrhoea.
AB  - Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) were isolated from 16.4% of diarrheic
      calves of up to 30 days old. Of 1-2-day-old calves nearly one half (45.0%)
      harboured ETEC, while this was the case with only 4.9% of 8-day-old calves. Among
      206 9-30-day-old calves just three were found to harbour ETEC.

PMID- 6369244
TI  - In memoriam: Bo Thorell, a pioneer of blood cell microspectrofluorometry. A
      forerunner of living cell biochemistry and pathology.

PMID- 6369245
TI  - supG and supL in Escherichia coli code for mutant lysine tRNAs+.
AB  - We have determined the nucleotide sequences of lysine tRNAs isolated from strains
      containing one or the other of two Escherichia coli ochre suppressors, supG and
      supL. Each strain, besides producing wild-type lysine tRNA, has a mutant lysine
      tRNA species that apparently can read the polypeptide chain termination codons
      UAA and UAG. The mutant tRNAs from supG and supL strains are identical. In each
      case the suppressor tRNA has an A36 for U36 nucleotide substitution. Furthermore,
      the hypermodified nucleoside at position 37 has been changed from t6A to ms2i6A.

PMID- 6369246
TI  - The DNA sequence of argI from Escherichia coli K12.
AB  - The argI gene from E. coli K12 has been sequenced. It contains an open reading
      frame of 1002 bases which encodes a polypeptide of 334 amino acids. Three such
      polypeptides are required to form the functional catalytic trimer (c3) of
      ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTCase-1, EC 2.1.3.3). The molecular mass of the
      mature trimer deduced from the amino acid sequence is 114,465 daltons. An altered
      form of argI was produced when a 1.6 kilobase DdeI fragment was subcloned into
      the HincII site of plasmid pUC8 extending the open reading frame an additional 20
      nucleotides. It has been previously reported that the amino-terminal region of
      the respective polypeptides of argI, argF, and pyrB of E. coli possessed
      significant homology. In contrast, the homologous promoter/operator regions of
      argI and argF did not appear to share any homologies with pyrB. However, a closer
      scrutiny of the nucleotide sequence immediately preceding the pyrBI attenuator
      revealed a remarkable similarity to the argI and argF control region.

PMID- 6369247
TI  - Evidence for a coding pattern on the non-coding strand of the E. coli genome.
AB  - Analysis of codon usage frequency for the combined coding sequences of 52 E. coli
      genes, taken from the European Molecular Biology Laboratory Nucleotide Sequence
      Data Library, Release 2, shows that there is a significant positive correlation
      between the frequency with which a given codon appears on the coding strand and
      the frequency with which it appears, in phase, on the non-coding strand.

PMID- 6369248
TI  - The modelling of the decoding site of the Escherichia coli ribosome.
AB  - Individual ribosomal proteins S4, S9 and S13 were tested for their ability to
      interact with tRNA and synthetic polynucleotides. All three proteins bind to
      immobilized to Sepharose poly(A) and poly(U), while S4 and S13 form
      stoichiometric (1:1) complexes with tRNA in solution. We show that only the
      polynucleotide X S13 complexes are able to select their cognate tRNAs. In
      particular, the affinity of tRNAPhe to the binary poly(U) X S13 complex is about
      three orders of magnitude higher than that for poly(U) alone.

PMID- 6369249
TI  - Conserved features of coordinately regulated E. coli promoters.
AB  - E. coli promoters which are coordinately regulated in response to amino acid
      limitation contain conserved nucleotide sequences immediately 3' to -10 region.
      These sequences contain predominantly either GC or AT residues depending on
      whether the response is respectively negative or positive. Certain classes of
      promoters also contain conserved sequences upstream of the primary promoter. In
      tRNA genes these sequences could act as a secondary polymerase binding site.

PMID- 6369250
TI  - DNA replication regulated by the priming promoter.
AB  - ColE1 derivative plasmids were constructed in which the natural promoter that
      primes replication or, in addition, the region coding for the RNA I control
      element had been deleted. In all of these molecules priming of the origin was
      effected by read-through transcription from constitutive or inducible (lacUV5)
      promoters inserted farther upstream. In the latter case, regulation of lac
      repressor activity with IPTG resulted in controlled plasmid levels in vivo. These
      results indicated that, at least in the absence of other control elements,
      regulation of the priming promoter was sufficient to control DNA replication and
      determine plasmid copy number.

PMID- 6369251
TI  - Enzymatic conversion of adenosine to inosine in the wobble position of yeast
      tRNAAsp: the dependence on the anticodon sequence.
AB  - We have investigated the specificity of the tRNA modifying enzyme that transforms
      the adenosine at position 34 (wobble position) into inosine in the anticodon of
      several tRNAs. For this purpose, we have constructed sixteen recombinants of
      yeast tRNAAsp harboring an AXY anticodon (where X or Y was one of the four
      nucleotides A, G, C or U). This was done by enzymatic manipulations in vitro of
      the yeast tRNAAsp, involving specific hydrolysis with S1-nuclease and RNAase A,
      phosphorylation with T4-polynucleotide kinase and ligation with T4-RNA ligase: it
      allowed us to replace the normal anticodon GUC by trinucleotides AXY and to
      introduce simultaneously a 32P-labelled phosphate group between the uridine at
      position 33 and the newly inserted adenosine at position 34. Each of these 32P
      labelled AXY "anticodon-substituted" yeast tRNAAsp were microinjected into the
      cytoplasm of Xenopus laevis oocytes and assayed for their capacity to act as
      substrates for the A34 to I34 transforming enzyme. Our results indicate that: 1/
      A34 in yeast tRNAAsp harboring the arginine anticodon ACG or an AXY anticodon
      with a purine at position 35 but with A, G or C but not U at position 36 were
      efficiently modified into I34; 2/ all yeast tRNAAsp harboring an AXY anticodon
      with a pyrimidine at position 35 (except ACG) or uridine at position 36 were not
      modified at all. This demonstrates a strong dependence on the anticodon sequence
      for the A34 to I34 transformation in yeast tRNAAsp by the putative cytoplasmic
      adenosine deaminase of Xenopus laevis oocytes.

PMID- 6369252
TI  - Binding of Xenopus transcription factor A to 5S RNA and to single stranded DNA.
AB  - Footprint competition assays are utilized to study the binding of Xenopus
      transcription factor A to a variety of single-stranded nucleic acids. The
      addition of Xenopus oocyte, yeast, or wheat germ 5S RNA as footprint competitors
      reveals that factor A binds these 5S RNAs with similar affinity. In contrast,
      factor A does not bind to E.coli 5S RNA or wheat germ tRNA in this assay. Factor
      A binding to single stranded DNA is also examined using footprint competition.
      Factor A binds preferentially to non-specific single stranded (M13) DNA versus
      double stranded (pBR322) DNA. Factor A binds equally well to single stranded DNA
      fragments containing either the coding or non-coding strands of the 5S RNA gene.
      Using single stranded M13 DNA as a competitor, the factor A-5S RNA gene complex
      is found to dissociate with a half-life of 5-6 min.

PMID- 6369253
TI  - Chemical synthesis of the 5'-terminal part bearing cap structure of messenger RNA
      of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV): m7G5'pppAmpG and m7G5'pppAmpGpU.
AB  - The 5'-terminal structures of mRNA bearing the so-called 'cap' from cytoplasmic
      polyhedrosis virus (CPV), m7G5' pppAmpG and m7G5' pppAmpGpU, were first
      chemically synthesized. S,S-Di(4-methoxyphenyl) N6-benzoyl-2'-O-methyladenosine
      5'-phosphorodithioate ((ArS) 2pAbmz) was prepared by phosphorylation of the 5'
      hydroxyl group of N6-benzoyl-2'-O-methyladenosine with S,S-di(4-methoxyphenyl)
      phosphorodithioate by TPS. By the triester approach using (ArS) 2pAbmz as
      starting material, the protected dinucleotide and trinucleotide bearing 5'
      phosphate group were synthesized. The protective groups of the dinucleotide and
      trinucleotide were removed to obtain pAmpG and pAmpGpU, respectively. By the
      reaction of a capping agent ((PhS) ppm7G) with pAmpG and pAmpGpU in the presence
      of silver nitrate or iodine. The 5'-terminal structure of the messenger RNA
      strand of CPV which was labelled isotopically, was confirmed completely as m7G5'
      pppAmGpU by cochromatography with the materials chemically synthesized here.

PMID- 6369254
TI  - Structure and function of the nontranscribed spacer regions of yeast rDNA.
AB  - The sequences of the nontranscribed spacers (NTS) of cloned ribosomal DNA (rDNA)
      units from both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces carlsbergensis were
      determined. The NTS sequences of both species were found to be 93% homologous.
      The major disparities comprise different frequencies of reiteration of short
      tracts of six to sixteen basepairs. Most of these reiterations are found within
      the 1100 basepairs long NTS between the 3'-ends of 26S and 5S rRNA (NTS1). The
      NTS between the starts of 5S rRNA and 37S pre-rRNA (NTS2) comprises about 1250
      basepairs. The first 800 basepairs of NTS NTS2 (adjacent to the 5S rRNA gene) are
      virtually identical in both strains whereas a variable region is present at about
      250 basepairs upstream of the RNA polymerase A transcription start. In contrast
      to the situation in Drosophila and Xenopus no reiterations of the putative RNA
      polymerase A promoter are present within the yeast NTS. The strands of the yeast
      NTS reveal a remarkable bias of G and C-residues. Yeast rDNA was previously shown
      to contain a sequence capable of autonomous replication (ARS) (Szostak, J.W. and
      Wu, R (1979), Plasmid 2, 536-554). This ARS, which may correspond to a
      chromosomal origin of replication, was located on a fragment of 570 basepairs
      within NTS2.

PMID- 6369255
TI  - [Local hyperthermia in the treatment of malignant neoplasms].

PMID- 6369256
TI  - [Preliminary clinical studies on the use of local microwave (434 MHz)
      hyperthermia in advanced, superficially located neoplasms].

PMID- 6369258
TI  - The effects of two stress management techniques on feelings of well-being in
      patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

PMID- 6369257
TI  - [Use of vepeside in mono- and polychemotherapy of various malignant neoplasms].

PMID- 6369259
TI  - Snatching the thyroid.

PMID- 6369260
TI  - Rules to control visitors, 1746-1900.

PMID- 6369261
TI  - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. Perineal damage in childbirth.

PMID- 6369262
TI  - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. Perineal damage in childbirth: think before you
      cut.

PMID- 6369263
TI  - St Patrick's Day.

PMID- 6369264
TI  - Hospital report: mixing the old with the new.

PMID- 6369265
TI  - A pin to see a peep show (Mary Seacole, Cicely Saunders).

PMID- 6369266
TI  - [Clinical studies on the effect of Diprophos in bronchial asthma].

PMID- 6369267
TI  - Proteolytic degradation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by rat ovarian
      fractions in vitro.
AB  - GnRH in physiological concentrations is highly degradable by both soluble and
      particulate fractions of rat ovarian homogenate in vitro. The two proteolytic
      enzyme activities differ strongly by the soluble activity showing a
      dithiothreitol optimum, high inhibition by diisopropyl fluorophospate (ki = 0.7
      microM), and a relatively high affinity (Km = 1.1 microM) as opposed to the
      particulate fraction (Ki = 3.5 mM and Km = 150 microM, respectively). The results
      of this study show that the rat ovary is differently endowed with GnRH-degrading
      activity at different sites. The involvement of these in terminating the
      biological activity of the hormone on the ovary may possibly depend on its exact
      pathway in this GnRH-target organ.

PMID- 6369268
TI  - Iontophoretic mapping of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) sensitive neurons
      in the rat forebrain.
AB  - Iontophoretic application of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) onto the
      membrane of individual brain neurons produced changes in the spontaneous
      occurrence of their extracellular action potentials. Neurons in the cortex and
      hypothalamus tended to be excited by the application of this 41-residue peptide,
      while those in the thalamus and lateral septal area were inhibited. In general,
      neurons excited by CRF were also inhibited by the local application of dopamine
      (DA) and morphine (MOR), while those which were inhibited by CRF were excited by
      DA and MOR. Glutamate excited the majority of cells tested independent of the
      other peptide responses. The results suggest that CRF activates several CNS
      regions with some specificity, and may be involved in neuronal modulation of
      pituitary as well as extrapituitary events.

PMID- 6369269
TI  - A radioimmunoassay specific for [Gln8]LH-RH: application in the confirmation of
      the structure of chicken hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.
AB  - In the first report on the chemical structure of a nonmammalian LH-RH, chicken
      hypothalamic LH-RH was demonstrated to be [Gln8]LH-RH [2-4]. However, these
      studies and subsequent reports [7,8] did not totally exclude the possibility of a
      reverse sequence of the two amino acids Leu-Gln. In view of the recently
      described structure of salmon brain LH-RH as [Trp7,Leu8]LH-RH [9], we undertook
      to confirm our earlier conclusion that chicken LH-RH is [Gln8]LH-RH and not
      [Gln7, Leu8]LH-RH. The immunologic, chromatographic and biological properties of
      natural chicken hypothalamic LH-RH were compared with those of the two synthetic
      peptides, [Gln8]LH-RH and [Gln7,Leu8]LH-RH. A radioimmunoassay highly specific
      for [Gln8]LH-RH was developed. Natural chicken LH-RH cross-reacted fully with the
      antiserum which requires the COOH-terminal Gln8 to Gly10-NH2 for binding, while
      [Gln7,Leu8]LH-RH showed less than 0.1% cross-reaction. On a high resolution
      reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography system, natural chicken LH
      RH co-eluted with [Gln8]LH-RH and was well separated from [Gln7,Leu8]LH-RH. In a
      chicken anterior pituitary cell bioassay, natural chicken LH-RH and [Gln8]LH-RH
      were equipotent in stimulating luteinizing hormone release, while the relative
      potency of [Gln7,Leu8]LH-RH was 4.4%. These data, in particular the use of a
      specific [Gln8]LH-RH antiserum, provide conclusive evidence that chicken LH-RH is
      [Gln8]LH-RH.

PMID- 6369270
TI  - Biosynthesis of LHRH: inferences from immunocytochemical studies.
AB  - Inferences regarding biosynthesis of LHRH in rats are made from
      immunocytochemical studies using LHRH antisera with varied and specific binding
      requirements. Immunoreactive perikarya were observed with antisera that could
      bind putative large molecular weight precursors of LHRH. No cells were detected
      with an antiserum that requires free decapeptide terminals and could not bind
      extended precursors. No such differential immunoreactivity was apparent in
      neuronal processes and neurovascular terminals. Features of intracellular
      processing of LHRH which can be inferred from these immunocytochemical data are:
      (1) the decapeptide is initially synthesized within neuronal cell bodies as a
      larger molecular weight peptide, extended at both the N- and C-terminals; (2)
      processing occurs as the newly synthesized material is transported along neuronal
      processes; and (3) intermediate molecular forms are converted to the active
      decapeptide primarily in distal portions of neuronal fibers, including the
      neurovascular terminal. Immunocytochemical observations in other mammalian
      species (humans, monkeys, ferrets and bats) allow us to further suggest that the
      dynamics of maturation of this hormone may differ among mammals.

PMID- 6369271
TI  - [Use of thin-needle aspiration biopsy under computerized tomography control in
      the diagnosis of orbital tumors].

PMID- 6369272
TI  - [Developmental anomalies of the terminal sac of the spinal dura mater].

PMID- 6369273
TI  - [Rupture of the interventricular septum in myocardial infarction].

PMID- 6369274
TI  - [Cineradiographic analysis of deglutition disorders and mechanisms protecting the
      lower airways after the surgical treatment of mouth neoplasms].

PMID- 6369275
TI  - [Case of trichobezoar of the stomach].

PMID- 6369276
TI  - [Polymorphism of the human Y chromosome].

PMID- 6369277
TI  - [Autosome syndromes].

PMID- 6369278
TI  - Treatment response criteria for prostatic cancer.
AB  - Response criteria for phase II and phase II trials of prostate carcinoma patients
      of the EORTC Genito Urinary-Group are described. These criteria, initially
      closely related to National Prostatic Cancer Project criteria, have gone through
      a development into the direction of more stringency. Admission of patients to
      phase II trials is now restricted to those showing objectively measurable
      lesions, excluding bone metastases. World Health Organization criteria are
      applied to these patients. For phase III trials, progression to Metastatic TNM
      system status, time to progression, and duration of survival are recommended as
      end points. Measurable marker lesions, as for phase II trials and subjective and
      nonspecific response criteria, are accepted as parameters for progression.
      Response usually is not evaluated in these studies. Based on recent literature
      and personal experiences, the author suggests that serum acid phosphatase (SPAP)
      and volume changes of the primary tumor can be used as indicators for response
      under certain conditions. There is obviously a great need for further development
      of objective response criteria for prostatic cancer patients.

PMID- 6369279
TI  - Immunotherapy of prostate cancer: a review.
AB  - Tumors are antigenic and patients can mount an immune response against their
      tumors. Prostate cancer patients are sensitized to their malignancies and
      immunotherapeutic efforts have been successful. As with other tumors, it is
      unlikely that immunotherapy alone will be curative, but will play a role in
      combination therapy along with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. But before
      its rightful place can be delineated, additional clinical and laboratory studies
      must be completed.

PMID- 6369280
TI  - [Drugs and factors antagonizing the renin-angiotensin system].

PMID- 6369281
TI  - [Membrane receptors for the 3d component of complement (C 3) of cells of the
      monocyte-macrophage system].

PMID- 6369282
TI  - [Toxidynamics of chronic poisoning with low doses of lead].

PMID- 6369283
TI  - Hip pain in patient with Crohn's disease. Occult retroperitoneal abscess as
      cause.
AB  - A 20-year-old man with Crohn's disease was seen as an outpatient for pain in the
      left hip and gait disturbance. Initially, arthritis of the hip was suspected,
      because of the absence of fever or abdominal abnormalities. Two weeks later,
      fever, malaise, and pneumaturia developed and urine culture grew Escherichia
      coli. Laparotomy revealed a large occult retroperitoneal abscess on the left
      side, which had been irritating the psoas muscle. Surgical drainage effected
      complete recovery of hip function. The abscess in this patient had a very unusual
      presentation and was diagnosed chiefly through a high index of suspicion after a
      careful physical examination.

PMID- 6369284
TI  - Pleural effusion. How to avoid a diagnostic stalemate.

PMID- 6369285
TI  - Platelet inhibitors for TIAs. A review of prospective drug trial results.

PMID- 6369286
TI  - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. From electric eels to electrodes.

PMID- 6369287
TI  - Captopril in hypertension after renal transplantation.
AB  - Eight hypertensive renal allograft recipients who had received captopril are
      presented. Captopril in a maximal daily dose of 250 mg enabled the withdrawal of
      large doses of beta-blocking agents and vasodilators. Blood pressure was
      satisfactorily controlled in all except one. No adverse side effects were
      observed other than the 'first dose' effect which resulted in transient anuria in
      one patient. Captopril appears to be a useful agent in the management of severe
      hypertension after renal transplantation.

PMID- 6369289
TI  - The changing pattern of tuberculosis.

PMID- 6369288
TI  - Pre-operative mediastinal evaluation in primary bronchial carcinoma--a review of
      staging investigations.
AB  - A review of staging investigations in the preoperative evaluation of mediastinal
      involvement in primary bronchial carcinoma is presented. The following
      conclusions are offered as guidelines for the use of mediastinal staging
      procedures in clinical practice: Surgical staging methods have the over-riding
      advantage of superior specificity over indirect imaging techniques. Where 67Ga
      imaging or CT scanning are not available, routine pre-operative mediastinoscopy
      or, when appropriate, mediastinotomy will identify most patients with non
      resectable disease but this approach entails a high proportion of true negative
      examinations. Radioisotope ventilation and perfusion lung imaging has no place in
      the pre-operative staging of lung cancer. Where the techniques are available,
      67Ga-imaging and CT scanning have a use in selecting patients for mediastinal
      exploration. A negative mediastinal 67Ga scan or a negative CT examination
      suggest that mediastinal exploration will be unrewarding in the vast majority of
      cases and may be omitted prior to thoracotomy. A positive mediastinal 67Ga scan
      or the demonstration of abnormal mediastinal nodes by CT is an indication for
      mediastinal exploration which, if negative should be followed by thoracotomy.

PMID- 6369290
TI  - Oral disopyramide after admission to hospital with suspected acute myocardial
      infarction. U. K. Rythmodan Multicentre Study Group.
AB  - A multi-centre double-blind randomized study is reported in which the effect on
      mortality of oral disopyramide (300 mg loading dose, then 100 mg qds) was
      compared with placebo in 1985 patients entering hospital with suspected acute
      myocardial infarction. Treatment was commenced with 24 hr of onset of symptoms
      (mean time to first dose 9 hr) and continued until discharge from hospital or 14
      days, whichever came first. Nine-hundred and ninety-five patients were allocated
      to disopyramide and 990 to placebo. The overall mortality, calculated on an
      intention-to-treat basis, was 7.2% for the disopyramide and 5.6% for the placebo
      patients. Among those patients with proven infarction mortality was 9.5% of 687
      on disopyramide and 7.4% of 716 on placebo. These differences are not
      statistically significant. Patients with cardiac failure or hypotension at entry
      did not fare worse on disopyramide, but those with a conduction defect did.
      Reinfarction was not significantly influenced by disopyramide. The prophylactic
      use of disopyramide in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction does
      not reduce mortality or the incidence of early reinfarction.

PMID- 6369291
TI  - Maurice Davidson 1883-1967--progress in respiratory medicine since his time.

PMID- 6369292
TI  - Chronic airflow obstruction.

PMID- 6369293
TI  - A more logical approach to asthma.

PMID- 6369294
TI  - Current status of fibreoptic bronchoscopy.

PMID- 6369296
TI  - [Status of transtracheal aspiration in the diagnosis of etiologically unsolved
      pneumonia].

PMID- 6369297
TI  - [Bacteriologically unconfirmed tuberculosis of the respiratory tract].

PMID- 6369295
TI  - Cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 6369298
TI  - Maternal vascular lesions in pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation:
      light microscopy and immunofluorescence.
AB  - Placental bed biopsies were performed during caesarean section in a series of 137
      patients. Analysis of the morphological findings confirms that vascular
      physiological changes were reduced in pre-eclampsia and in normotensive
      intrauterine growth retardation. In pre-eclampsia, acute atherosis in the
      decidual segments of uteroplacental arteries was a prominent feature. Intimal
      thickenings of the myometrial segments of the uteromaternal arteries were also
      noted. Normotensive intrauterine growth retardation cases were characterized by
      intimal thickenings of the myometrial segments of the uteroplacental arteries.
      Immunofluorescent investigations have demonstrated that the deep vascular
      stenoses were not associated with immunoglobulin deposition while in distal
      arterial segments displaying acute atherosis a positive immunofluorescence for
      IgG and fibrin and, more irregularly, for C'3 and IgM could be noted. These
      findings lead us to suggest that an immunological mechanism may be involved in
      the pathogenesis of acute atherosis.

PMID- 6369299
TI  - The immunocytochemical demonstration of human placental lactogenic hormone (hPL):
      a parameter for the functional capacity of the trophoblast.
AB  - Forty-two placentae from pregnancies of 36 to 42 weeks' gestation were examined:
      the maternal serum human placental lactogen (hPL) values of the mothers during
      the last week of gestation ranged between 3 and 12 micrograms/ml. hPL was
      demonstrated by the indirect immunofluorescence technique and was present in all
      placentae. A significant regional difference in hPL concentration was not found,
      but within individual sections focal differences in intensity were apparent. Of
      intensity group I (weakly positive) 92 per cent correlated with maternal serum
      hPL values of 3 to 6 micrograms/ml; 78 per cent of group II/III (very strongly
      positive) with values above 6 micrograms/ml. In the four-field Chi-square test
      the probability of error was at 5%. In 32 cases trophoblast islands (Islands of
      Ortmann) were present, of which 20 were hPL positive. Their degree of intensity
      corresponded to group I of the syncytiotrophoblast. Of the placentae showing hPL
      positive Islands of Ortmann, 95 per cent correlated with maternal serum hPL
      values below 6 micrograms/ml whilst 70 per cent of the hPL-negative trophoblast
      islands correlated with serum values above 8 micrograms/ml. It is suggested that
      maternal serum hPL values are determined by the rate of synthesis of hPL by the
      placenta and not by the rate of secretion. The focal differences in intensity
      indicates that the serum level does not only depend on the absolute surface area
      of the trophoblast, but that there also exist qualitative and functional
      differences between different areas of the syncytiotrophoblast. Heterotopic hPL
      synthesis in the Islands of Ortmann is considered to be independent of hPL
      synthesis by the syncytiotrophoblast.

PMID- 6369300
TI  - [Protamine sulfate-induced resistance to the hypoglycemic effect of insulin].
AB  - Administration of protamine sulfate in a dose (0.9-1.1 mg/200 g) sufficient for
      binding reactive circulatory heparin provokes in rats the status of temporary
      resistance to the hypoglycemic action of both exogenous and endogenous insulin.
      This effect occurs after protamine sulfate administration 5-30 minutes prior to
      insulin in doses of 0.2-2.4 Units/200 g, respectively, or release of endogenous
      heparin stimulated by sugar load. As the time interval between administration of
      protamine sulfate and administration (release) of insulin is prolonged or
      shortened, the status of resistance does not develop. Protamine sulfate does not
      produce any effect on the blood concentration of immunoreactive insulin.
      Similarly to protamine sulfate, the resistance to the hypoglycemic action of
      insulin may be also provoked by the synthetic heparin antagonist, 2,5-ionene that
      binds heparin, forming a stable polyelectrolyte complex ionene-heparin.
      Administration of a sufficient heparin dose (10 Units/200 g) may interrupt the
      protamine sulfate-induced resistance, which manifests in the recurrence of the
      hypoglycemic action of insulin. There are reasons to assume that the presence of
      reactive heparin in the circulation is necessary for insulin reception by target
      tissues.

PMID- 6369301
TI  - [Biosynthesis and secretion of insulin under the effect of an antibiotic of the
      tetracycline group].
AB  - Formation and secretion of insulin during administration of tetracycline
      hydrochloride in vivo and in vitro were studied in experimental rat Langerhans
      islets isolated by enzymatic digestion with collagenase. Insulin secretion was
      determined by radioimmunoassay, insulin biosynthesis was assessed from 3H-leucin
      incorporation into the de novo formed proteins of the islets with insulin
      immunoreactivity (proinsulin plus insulin). Injection of the antibiotic in a dose
      of 25 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 10 days did not change the functional activity
      of beta-cells--the rate of insulin formation and secretion at low and high
      glucose concentrations in the incubation medium. Higher doses of the antibiotic
      applied in vivo (100 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 10 days) and in vitro (100
      mumol, 2-hour incubation) inhibited the glucose-stimulated (15 mmol) insulin
      secretion but exerted no effect on insulin biosynthesis. The possible importance
      of ionophore properties of the antibiotic, that changes the concentration of
      intracellular Ca2+ in the mechanism of dissociated action of tetracycline
      hydrochloride on insulin formation and secretion, as well as the practical
      significance of the data obtained are discussed.

PMID- 6369302
TI  - [Mechanism of the anti-aggregation action of thyroxine and insulin].
AB  - Thyroxine and insulin inhibit the aggregation capacity of platelets. To study the
      mechanisms of the antiaggregation action of thyroxine and insulin, platelets
      obtained from patients with diffuse toxic goiter and from rabbits with
      experimental hyperinsulinemia were incubated with acetylsalicylic acid and
      indomethacin. Acetylsalicylic acid or indomethacin were found to suppress the
      aggregation activity of thyrotoxicosis patients' platelets. Acetylsalicylic acid
      did not inhibit the aggregation activity of platelets of the rabbits pretreated
      with insulin. Based on the data obtained a hypothesis is advanced according to
      which thyroxine inhibits the platelet aggregation, interfering with the release
      of arachidonic acid from phospholipids of platelets (thrombocytopathy A), whereas
      insulin--by blocking the cyclooxygenase activity (thrombocytopathy B).

PMID- 6369303
TI  - [Effect of luliberin and chorionic gonadotropin on luteinizing hormone and
      testosterone levels in the blood of monkeys under acute stress].
AB  - The effect of immobilization stress on luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone
      (T) secretion following injections of luliberin (LH-RH) and human chorionic
      gonadotropin (HCG) was investigated in male hamadryas baboons. It was established
      that in control animals a single injection of HCG (4500 IU) led to a more
      prolonged and more demonstrable increase of plasma testosterone concentration
      than injection of a pharmacological dose (100 micrograms) of LH-RH. Preliminary
      stimulation of the testes with LH-RH did not prevent the stress-induced
      inhibition of testosterone despite the fact that LH secretion in intact and
      stress-exposed baboons did not differ significantly over 2.5 h after drug
      injection. At the same time stress did not inhibit the testicular response in
      baboons pretreated with HCG (4500 IU), although the level of T concentration in
      stress-exposed animals was lower than in control. The data obtained suggest that
      disturbed interaction between hypophyseal tropic hormone and the testes underlie
      the inhibitory effect of stress.

PMID- 6369304
TI  - [Glycosylated proteins].

PMID- 6369305
TI  - [Hygienic knowledge and habits of Bulgarians at the time of their conversion to
      Christianity].

PMID- 6369306
TI  - [Biological rhythms and organization of human life in space].

PMID- 6369308
TI  - [Aerosol therapy in the complex preparation of patients with tuberculosis and
      nonspecific inflammatory diseases of the lungs for surgical treatment].

PMID- 6369307
TI  - [Function of the auditory and vestibular analyzers during exposure to factors
      involved in aerospace flight].

PMID- 6369310
TI  - The state of research in anorexia nervosa and bulimia.
AB  - Recent studies suggest that some of the DSM III criteria for anorexia nervosa
      require revision. In particular exclusion for onset beyond 25, and a requirement
      for 25 per cent weight loss appear inappropriate, whereas amenorrhoea correlates
      better with anorectic psychology than weight. Although an increased incidence of
      affective disturbance among the relatives of anorectics and bulimics has been
      shown, the precise relationship with affective disorder remains unclear. Cortisol
      non-suppression and low MHPG excretion are related to weight loss. However, some
      areas of hypothalamic dysfunction cannot be explained by emaciation or diet. Pre
      pubertal LH secretion patterns, absence of estrogen positive feedback on LH, and
      failure of LH response to clomiphene can persist despite normalisation of weight.
      Furthermore 1-dopa fails to induce the normal growth hormone response in weight
      restored anorectics, suggesting impairment at post-synaptic dopamine receptors.
      Body image studies have been varied, suggesting heterogeneity of body image
      distortion among anorectic subgroups. The role of family environment in the
      pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa has not been fully elucidated, although such a
      role in the relationship between bulimic symptomatology and personality
      disturbance have been suggested. Of the behavioral therapies, operant positive
      reinforcement that restores weight in a hospital setting has had the best
      results. Successful pharmacological approaches have included cyproheptadine (a
      serotonin antagonist), chlorpromazine and metoclopramide.

PMID- 6369309
TI  - Genetic diversity, genome organization, and investigation of the etiology of
      psychiatric diseases.
AB  - Recent advances in our understanding of the structure and organization of the
      human genome have strong implications for investigations of the diagnosis and
      etiology of psychiatric disorders. The concept of human genes as contiguous
      regions of DNA has been discarded and replaced by the concept of a gene split in
      separate pieces that must be spliced in order to make its protein products. The
      'one gene - one enzyme' concept has also been modified to allow for the
      observation that many functional proteins are composed of multiple subunits, each
      coded by separate genes, whose expression is regulated by many other genetic and
      environmental factors. Consequently, the development of a complex phenotype
      cannot be predicted from knowledge of even the entire DNA sequence, and
      exploratory methods that rely entirely on genetic linkage analysis are unlikely
      to be fruitful. It is recommended that investigations reverse the natural
      development sequence and begin with studies at a phenotypic level, proceeding
      down to the genotypic level. Studies at a purely clinical level can define
      independent familial subtypes, which can in turn be studied at several levels of
      observation (social, physiological, biochemical, genetic) to identify multiple
      biosocial risk factors. Recent advances in genetic epidemiology now provide
      quantitative methods to detect major gene effects, resolve cultural inheritance
      from biological inheritance, and identify the influence of multiple risk factors
      on the development and expression of psychiatric disease.

PMID- 6369312
TI  - Diagnostic validity of the hyperactive child (attention deficit disorder with
      hyperactivity) syndrome.
AB  - The evolution of the hyperactive child syndrome as a diagnostic category is
      traced through various pseudo-etiological formulations (minimal brain
      dysfunction) to the current descriptive DSM III category as ADDH. The review
      suggests that the use of inconsistent and poorly specified selection criteria in
      many studies has led to confusion in terminology, and controversy over the
      diagnostic validity of the syndrome. Probably because of diagnostic difficulties,
      biological and genetic studies have not so far definitively validated a syndrome
      distinct from conduct and learning disorders. Among the most important questions
      to be answered is whether response to psychostimulants depends on a unique and
      qualitatively different action in ADDH children. The syndrome is undoubtedly not
      homogeneous and recent attempts to isolate subgroups on the basis of independent
      hyperactivity-inattention and aggressive dimensions have shown promise in
      predicting natural history and therapeutic response. Thus improved methods of
      subclassification, coupled with improved measures of activity level and attention
      span are required.

PMID- 6369311
TI  - Mild head injury.
AB  - The pathology of mild head injury, its common behavioral sequelae, the nature of
      the recovery process, and the psychosocial consequences are reviewed.
      Acceleration-deceleration head trauma, causing brief unconsciousness, and leaving
      no frank neurological deficit, is associated in primates with axonal and terminal
      degenerative changes in brain stem nuclei. Although the presence of clinical
      demonstrable neurological abnormality increases the likelihood of subsequent
      deficits, their absence does not guarantee full recovery. Among mildly injured
      children, the relationships between persistent behavioral deficits and their age
      of onset correspond closely with those observed in children with overt damage,
      making it unlikely that psychological-behavioral deficits are attributable to non
      neurological aspects of the injury. Deficits observed include distractability,
      irritability, headaches, inability to maintain a prior level of cognitive
      competence, and impulsivity. Although longer periods of unconsciousness are
      associated with permanent memory deficits, minimal unconsciousness is also
      followed by consistent deficits in complex memory tasks. Detailed
      neuropsychological testing of mildly injured children has revealed persisting
      deficits even after 5 years. Furthermore, deficits arising from repeated injuries
      are cumulative. The importance of adequate neuropsychological assessment and
      accurate information to the patient are stressed as important in helping
      satisfactory adjustment.

PMID- 6369313
TI  - The permeability of root canal walls prepared for post anchorage in permanent
      incisors, canines and premolars.

PMID- 6369314
TI  - Inducible repair of phosphotriesters in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Extracts from Escherichia coli cells induced for the adaptive response have been
      prepared that are capable of repairing O6-methylguanine, O4-methylthymine, and
      the phosphotriesters produced on the DNA backbone by alkylating agents such as N
      methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). The phosphotriesters are repaired by a
      methyltransferase distinct from the one that demethylates O6-methylguanine. We
      propose that this increased capacity to repair phosphotriesters accounts for much
      of the increased resistance to MNNG toxicity seen in cultures induced for the
      adaptive response.

PMID- 6369315
TI  - Purification and characterization of the unusual deoxynucleoside, alpha-N-(9-beta
      D-2'-deoxyribofuranosylpurin-6-yl)glycinamide, specified by the phage Mu
      modification function.
AB  - Bacteriophage Mu encodes a protein that modifies approximately equal to 15% of
      DNA adenine residues to a new and unusual form. Modified DNA was enzymatically
      digested to deoxynucleosides, and the products were fractionated by HPLC. A
      modified adenine nucleoside, designated dA'x, was purified and its molecular
      structure was established by mass spectrometry. We show that dA'x is alpha-N-(9
      beta-D-2'-deoxyribofuranosylpurin-6-yl)-glycinamide. The dA'x obtained from DNA
      was indistinguishable from the synthetic product with respect to its
      chromatographic behavior (HPLC and gas chromatography) and mass spectrum. Acid
      hydrolysis degrades dA'x to produce N6-carboxymethyladenine; this compound
      corresponds to the base Ax observed in earlier studies.

PMID- 6369316
TI  - Thymosin alpha 11: a peptide related to thymosin alpha 1 isolated from calf
      thymosin fraction 5.
AB  - Two peptides related to thymosin alpha 1 have been isolated from preparations of
      calf thymosin fraction 5. One, lacking four amino acid residues at the COOH
      terminus, is designated des-(25-28)-thymosin alpha 1. The other, named thymosin
      alpha 11, contains seven additional amino acid residues at the COOH terminus. The
      sequence of this peptide is: AcSer-Asp-Ala-Ala-Val-Asp-Thr-Ser-Ser-Glu-Ile-Thr
      Thr-Lys-Asp-Leu- Lys-Glu-Lys- Lys-Glu-Val-Val-Glu-Glu-Ala-Glu-Asn-Gly-Arg-Glu-Ala
      Pro-Ala-AsnOH. Thymosin alpha 11, in doses of less than 300 ng per mouse,
      protects susceptible inbred murine strains against opportunistic infections with
      Candida albicans. It is approximately equal to 30 times as potent as thymosin
      fraction 5 and approximately equal in potency to thymosin alpha 1.

PMID- 6369317
TI  - Chemical synthesis of a gene for human epidermal growth factor urogastrone and
      its expression in yeast.
AB  - We have chemically synthesized and expressed in yeast a gene coding for human
      epidermal growth factor (urogastrone), a 53-amino-acid polypeptide that has been
      shown to promote epithelial cell proliferation and to inhibit gastric acid
      secretion. The synthetic gene, consisting of 170 base pairs, was designed with
      yeast-preferred codons and assembled by enzymatic ligation of synthetic fragments
      produced by phosphoramidite chemistry. The DNA synthesis protocol used allows for
      facile synthesis of oligonucleotides larger than 50 bases. Yeast cells were
      transformed with plasmids containing the synthetic gene under control of a yeast
      glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene promoter and were shown to
      synthesize a biologically active human epidermal growth factor.

PMID- 6369318
TI  - Yeast mutants deficient in protein glycosylation.
AB  - The synthesis of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides involves the formation of a
      lipid-linked precursor oligosaccharide that has the composition Glc3Man9GlcNAc2.
      We have used a [3H]mannose suicide selection to obtain mutants in yeast that are
      blocked in the synthesis of this precursor oligosaccharide. The alg1 mutant
      accumulated lipid-linked GlcNAc2, alg2 mutants accumulated Man1-2GlcNAc2, alg3
      mutants accumulated Man5GlcNAc2, alg4 mutants accumulated Man1-8GlcNAc2, and alg5
      and alg6 mutants accumulated Man9GlcNAc2. Some of these mutants appeared to
      transfer oligosaccharides other than Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 from the lipid carrier to
      invertase. These aberrant protein-linked oligosaccharides were processed by the
      addition of outer chain residues in the alg3, alg5, and alg6 mutants. There was
      virtually no outer chain addition in the alg2 and alg4 mutants. alg4 was the only
      mutant that failed to secrete invertase.

PMID- 6369319
TI  - AppppA, heat-shock stress, and cell oxidation.
AB  - Salmonella typhimurium LT2 induces a set of heat-shock proteins analogous to
      those found previously in Escherichia coli. These are virtually the only proteins
      synthesized after a temperature shift from 28 degrees C to 50 degrees C. Using a
      two-dimensional thin-layer chromatographic system developed to resolve
      adenylylated nucleotides, we have found that S. typhimurium and E. coli
      accumulate P1,P4-diadenosine-5'-tetraphosphate (AppppA), P1-(adenosine-5')-P3
      (guanosine-3'-diphosphate-5')-triphosphate (ApppGpp), P1-(adenosine-5')-P4
      (guanosine-5')-tetraphosphate (AppppG), P1-(adenosine-5')-P3-(guanosine-5')
      triphosphate (ApppG), and P1,P3-diadenosine-5'-triphosphate (ApppA) after heat
      shock. These same adenylylated nucleotides accumulate after exposure to ethanol,
      an agent also known to induce the heat-shock response in a variety of cells.
      AppppA, ApppGpp, AppppG, ApppG, and ApppA were previously shown to accumulate
      under conditions of oxidation stress. We proposed that these adenylylated
      nucleotides may be alarmones--i.e., regulatory molecules, alerting cells to the
      onset of oxidation stress. The finding that these dinucleotides accumulate in
      response to heat shock suggests that oxidation and heat shock have a common
      physiological effect on cells. We hypothesize that these dinucleotides signal the
      onset of these stresses and trigger the "heat-shock response."

PMID- 6369320
TI  - Membrane-mobility agent-promoted fusion of erythrocytes: fusibility is correlated
      with attack by calcium-activated cytoplasmic proteases on membrane proteins.
AB  - Rat, but not human, erythrocytes undergo fusion promoted by the membrane-mobility
      agent 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethyl cis-8-(2-octylcyclopropyl)octanoate (A2C). The
      difference in behavior is correlated with rat erythrocyte membrane protein
      degradation caused by Ca2+-activated proteases. The human erythrocyte is
      deficient in such protease activity. Membrane protein degradation is a necessary,
      but not sufficient, requirement for membrane fusion. Membrane protein degradation
      probably releases membrane components from certain constraints. In addition, the
      motion of membrane components precedes fusion and must be promoted by reagents
      such as A2C, leading to the creation of fusion-potent lipid areas. This sequence
      of chemical and physical events occurs in other fusion processes.

PMID- 6369321
TI  - ampC beta-lactamase hyperproduction in Escherichia coli: natural ampicillin
      resistance generated by horizontal chromosomal DNA transfer from Shigella.
AB  - Six ampicillin-resistant clinical isolates of Escherichia coli that hyperproduced
      the chromosomal ampC beta-lactamase were studied. By DNA sequence analysis, we
      found that five of them were identical over an entire 449-base-pair sequence and
      carried a novel strong ampC promoter [Olsson, O., Bergstrom, S. & Normark, S.
      (1982) EMBO J. 1, 1411-1416]. Except for one base pair this sequence was
      identical to that of a low beta-lactamase-producing clinical isolate of Shigella
      sonnei. Spontaneous one-step mutants of S. sonnei that overproduced the ampC beta
      lactamase by 45-fold were characterized and found to be mutated at the single
      base that distinguishes S. sonnei from the five E. coli hyperproducers. The most
      likely explanation for this result is that chromosomal DNA was transferred in
      vivo from Shigella to E. coli across the species barrier.

PMID- 6369322
TI  - Enhancement of spontaneous mitotic recombination by the meiotic mutant spo11-1 in
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Both nonreciprocal and reciprocal mitotic recombination are enhanced by the
      recessive mutant spo11-1, which was previously shown to affect meiosis by
      decreasing recombination and increasing nondisjunction. The mitotic effects are
      not distributed equally in all chromosomal regions. The genotypes of mitotic
      recombinants in spo11-1/spo11-1 diploid cells provide further evidence that
      widely spaced chromosomal markers undergo coincident conversion in mitosis.

PMID- 6369323
TI  - Cocrystals of the DNA-binding domain of phage 434 repressor and a synthetic phage
      434 operator.
AB  - The amino-terminal domain of the phage 434 repressor forms cocrystals with a
      synthetic phage 434 operator. The cocrystals diffract to at least 4 A, and x-ray
      crystallographic analysis of them is in progress. An analysis of the packing in
      the cocrystals shows that complexes consisting of dimers of amino-terminal domain
      bound specifically to operators are stacked end to end in longer protein-DNA rods
      parallel to the unit cell body diagonals. The DNA in the complexes has 10.5 base
      pairs per turn and a rise per base of 3.26 A--values consistent with B-form DNA-
      indicating that DNA is neither unwound nor overwound by bound repressor. The
      packing analysis suggests an approach that might facilitate the cocrystallization
      of other DNA-binding proteins with the DNA they recognize.

PMID- 6369324
TI  - The free energy of DNA supercoiling is enthalpy-determined.
AB  - The thermodynamics of superhelix formation was determined by combining superhelix
      density data with enthalpy values obtained from microcalorimetric measurements of
      the relaxation of supercoiled ColE1 amp plasmid DNA in the presence of
      topoisomerase I from Escherichia coli (omega protein). The thermodynamic
      quantities for superhelix formation at 37 degrees C in 10 mM Tris/2 mM MgCl2/1 mM
      EDTA pH 8, are: delta G = 921 kJ X (mol of plasmid)-1; delta H 2260 kJ X (mol of
      plasmid)-1; deltaS = 4.3 kJ X (mol of plasmid X K)-1. These data clearly
      demonstrate that the unfavorable Gibbs free energy associated with supercoiling
      of DNA results exclusively from the positive enthalpy involved in formation of
      superhelical turns. A positive overall entropy change accompanies superhelix
      formation, which overcompensates the expected decrease of configurational
      entropy. By neglecting contributions from bending, an estimate of the torsional
      rigidity C = 1.79 X 10(-19) erg X cm (1 erg = 0.1 microJ) of the supercoiled
      ColE1 amp plasmid DNA was made on the basis of the enthalpy value. This value is
      in excellent agreement with values of C derived from subnanosecond time-resolved
      fluorescence depolarization measurements for pBR322 DNA [Millar, D. P., Robbins,
      R. J. & Zewai, A.H. (1982) J. Chem. Phys. 76, 2080-2094]. The magnitude of C is
      larger than for linear DNAs, indicating that supercoiled DNA is more rigid than
      linear DNA.

PMID- 6369325
TI  - Post-translational activation introduces a free radical into pyruvate formate
      lyase.
AB  - Pyruvate formate-lyase (formate acetyltransferase; EC 2.3.1.54) of Escherichia
      coli cells is post-translationally interconverted between inactive and active
      forms. Conversion of the inactive to the active form is catalyzed by an Fe2+
      dependent activating enzyme and requires adenosylmethionine and
      dihydroflavodoxin. This process is shown here to introduce a paramagnetic moiety
      into the structure of pyruvate formate-lyase. It displays an EPR signal at g = 2
      with a doublet splitting of 1.5 mT and could comprise an organic free radical
      located on an amino acid residue of the polypeptide chain. Hypophosphite was
      discovered as a specific reagent that destroys both the enzyme radical and the
      enzyme activity; it becomes covalently bound to the protein. The enzymatic
      generation of the radical, which is linked to adenosylmethionine cleavage into 5'
      deoxyadenosine and methionine, possibly occurs through an Fe-adenosyl complex.
      These results suggest a radical mechanism for the catalytic cycle of pyruvate
      formate-lyase.

PMID- 6369326
TI  - Contact points between transcription machinery and the fibroin gene promoter
      deduced by functional tests of single-base substitution mutants.
AB  - An efficient method for oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was developed to
      construct a set of site-specific mutations by using a mixture of
      oligodeoxyribonucleotides. With this method, as high as 40% of the tested clones
      turned out to be desired mutants. Seven single-point mutants were isolated in the
      "TATA" box region of the fibroin gene. In vitro transcription experiments showed
      that single-base transversions at the TATA box (A----T at position -29, T----A or
      G at -28, A----T at -27, and A----T at -26) resulted in decreased promoter
      activities, whereas A----G transitions at positions -24 and -23 had no effect.
      The initiation site of transcription was normal in three down-promoter mutants at
      positions -28 and -26, but the A----T transversions at positions -29 and -27
      induced an additional transcription start from position +4. Using 10 single-point
      mutants obtained as above or by nitrous acid-induced mutagenesis, we have
      prepared a pair of heteroduplex DNAs consisting of a mutant strand and the wild
      type one. The molecules heterozygous at positions -30, -21, and -20 showed
      reduced transcription activities when the noncoding strand bears the mutation,
      whereas that at position -26 gave a low activity when the coding strand carries
      the mutation. Both types of heteroduplex at positions -29, -28, -27, and -17
      exhibited decreased activities. These results suggest a transcription machinery
      contact to a major groove of the DNA helix at the TATA box and region of position
      -20.

PMID- 6369327
TI  - Localization of RNA polymerase I in interphase cells and mitotic chromosomes by
      light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry.
AB  - Rabbit antibodies to RNA polymerase I from a rat hepatoma have been used to
      localize the enzyme in a variety of cells at the light and electron microscopic
      level. In interphase cells the immunofluorescence pattern indicated that
      polymerase I is contained exclusively within the nucleolus. That this
      fluorescence, which appeared punctated rather than uniform, represented
      transcriptional complexes of RNA polymerase I and rRNA genes was suggested by the
      observation that it was enhanced in regenerating liver and in a hepatoma and was
      markedly diminished in cells treated with actinomycin D. Electron microscopic
      immunolocalization using gold-coupled second antibodies showed that transcribed
      rRNA genes are located in, and probably confined to, the fibrillar centers of the
      nucleolus. In contrast, the surrounding dense fibrillar component, previously
      thought to be the site of nascent pre-rRNA, did not contain detectable amounts of
      polymerase I. During mitosis, polymerase I molecules were detected by
      immunofluorescence microscopy at the chromosomal nucleolus organizer region,
      indicating that a considerable quantity of the enzyme remains bound to the rRNA
      genes. From this we conclude that rRNA genes loaded with polymerase I molecules
      are transmitted from one cell generation to the next one and that factors other
      than the polymerase itself are involved in the modulation of transcription of DNA
      containing rRNA genes during the cell cycle.

PMID- 6369328
TI  - Selective killing of Fc-receptor-bearing tumor cells through endocytosis of a
      drug-carrying immune complex.
AB  - A soluble immune complex was used as a drug carrier targeted to Fc-receptor
      positive cells. Two receptor-positive tumor cell lines, WEHI-3 and M5076, were
      exposed to methotrexate-human serum albumin conjugate (MTX-HSA) in the presence
      and absence of anti-HSA antiserum. Both cell types were killed by 30 nM MTX when
      the drug conjugate was given in the presence of antiserum but were totally
      unaffected in the absence of antiserum. Drug-free HSA given with antiserum had no
      effect. Both cell lines responded similarly despite their marked difference in
      phagocytotic activity. One of the two lines, M5076, is defective in MTX transport
      and hence resistant to free MTX. Since this line would not be affected by MTX
      released extracellularly from MTX-HSA, its susceptibility implies that MTX is
      released inside cells, after endocytosis of the complex, and that endocytosis
      circumvents the transport defect. Two cell lines lacking Fc receptors (CHO and
      L929) were not influenced by the drug complex. The pharmacologic effect is
      mediated by a specific ligand-receptor interaction, since Fc receptor-positive
      cells are protected by an excess of unconjugated HSA and by the addition of a
      small amount of staphylococcal protein A, which binds to the Fc portion of IgG.
      These data demonstrate that Fc receptors can be exploited for cellular drug
      delivery using a common antigen-antibody complex as a drug carrier.

PMID- 6369329
TI  - Mutational specificity of depurination.
AB  - The mutagenic consequences of damage to DNA produced by low pH and high
      temperature have been determined in a forward mutational system capable of
      detecting all classes of mutagenic events. When damaged single-stranded DNA from
      bacteriophage M13mp2 is used to transfect competent Escherichia coli cells, a 15
      fold increase in mutation frequency, measured as loss of alpha-complementation by
      the lac DNA in the phage, is observed compared with an untreated DNA control
      transfection. The enhanced mutagenicity is largely dependent on induction of the
      error-prone SOS response and is proportional to the number of lethal hits
      introduced into the DNA. The effect is abolished by treatment of the damaged DNA
      before transfection with either apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease or alkali.
      Based on these observations and the rate constants for formation of the known
      heat/acid-produced lesions in DNA, it is concluded that the majority of the
      induced mutagenesis results from apurinic sites. DNA sequence analysis of 87
      spontaneous and 124 induced mutants indicates that the major effect is on single
      base-substitution mutagenesis with a small increase in (deletion) frame-shift
      frequency. Approximately 80% of the base-substitution mutations occur at purine
      positions in the viral strand, consistent with depurination as the predominant
      premutagenic lesion. The preference of guanine over adenine sites mutated is
      consistent with the preference for depurination of guanine over adenine.
      Transversions are observed for 57 of 79 (72%) induced base substitutions, with a
      strong preference for insertion of adenine residues opposite the putative
      apurinic site. These data in a forward mutational system provide insight into the
      mechanisms used by a cell to replicate DNA containing noncoding lesions.

PMID- 6369330
TI  - Possible ideal lac operator: Escherichia coli lac operator-like sequences from
      eukaryotic genomes lack the central G X C pair.
AB  - Five DNA fragments have been cloned from yeast, chicken, and mouse DNA that
      titrate lac repressor in an Escherichia coli lac+ I+Z+ wild-type strain when on a
      multi-copy plasmid. The five repressor-binding sequences have been identified by
      DNA sequence determinations and DNase cleavage-inhibition patterns. They share
      the 14-base-pair symmetrical consensus sequence 5' T-G-T-G-A-G-C:G-C-T-C-A-C-A 3'
      (the colon represents the center of symmetry), which is an inverted repeat of 7
      base pairs of the left half of the E. coli lac operator. A similar perfect
      palindromic DNA fragment--an 11-base-pair inverted repeat of the left half of the
      lac operator--was synthesized. The cloned synthetic DNA 5' G-A-A-T-T-G-T-G-A-G
      C:G-C-T-C-A-C-A-A-T-T-C 3' binds lac repressor 8-fold more tightly than does wild
      type E. coli lac operator DNA.

PMID- 6369331
TI  - Molecular model for elongation of the murein sacculus of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Labeling experiments are presented that suggest that new (radioactive) strands of
      murein are initially inserted adjacent to old strands. After 8 min, new strands
      start to be inserted adjacent to the previously inserted radioactive strands.
      Analysis of these data suggests that, for Escherichia coli to double the length
      of the sacculus in each generation, about 90 separate membrane-bound enzyme
      complexes travel unidirectionally around the circumference of the cell. They
      travel at a constant rate, six times each generation, synthesizing, inserting,
      and crosslinking two strands of murein at a time, thereby doubling the length of
      the sacculus.

PMID- 6369332
TI  - Co-expression of corticotropin-releasing factor and vasopressin immunoreactivity
      in parvocellular neurosecretory neurons of the adrenalectomized rat.
AB  - To clarify the anatomical organization that allows for the synergy of vasopressin
      and oxytocin with corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in promoting
      adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary,
      immunohistochemical double staining methods were used to compare the distribution
      of these peptides in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of normal,
      colchicine-treated, and adrenalectomized male rats. In untreated animals, a few
      CRF-stained cells were found in the parvocellular division of the paraventricular
      nucleus, while brightly stained oxytocin- and vasopressin-immunoreactive cells
      were centered in the magnocellular division. In animals treated with colchicine,
      and inhibitor of axonal transport, large numbers of CRF-stained cells were found
      in the parvocellular division of the nucleus, and 1-2% of these also stained with
      antivasopressin. As reported previously, a substantial number of oxytocin-stained
      cells, centered in a discrete anterior part of the magnocellular division, also
      expressed CRF immunoreactivity. In contrast, after adrenalectomy, CRF
      immunostaining of cells in the parvocellular division was enhanced selectively
      and greater than 70% of these cells also stained positively for vasopressin. The
      distribution of oxytocin-stained cells was not influenced by adrenalectomy. The
      unusual localization of vasopressin immunoreactivity in parvocellular
      neurosecretory neurons in the adrenalectomized rat suggests that a single
      population of cells can produce CRF and vasopressin, both of which are potent
      promoters of adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion. These findings indicate that
      there is a state-dependent plasticity in the expression of biologically active
      peptides by individual neuroendocrine neurons.

PMID- 6369334
TI  - Biphasic alteration of renin release by calcium.
AB  - The effects of calcium reintroduction on renin release were examined. Calcium
      reintroduction to calcium-deprived rat renal cortical slices caused an initial
      stimulation of renin release (30-40 min) followed by a period of suppression of
      release (4.5 hr). With ouabain present the initial stimulation was enhanced but
      the subsequent fall in release was more pronounced. Our results suggest that
      although renin release from juxtaglomerular cells can be both stimulated and
      inhibited by raising intracellular calcium, it is the inhibition of release that
      is the more persistent effect.

PMID- 6369333
TI  - The cyst wall composition of Hartmannella glebae.
AB  - In this study cyst walls of Hartmannella glebae were isolated and quantitatively
      analyzed. They were fractionated into alkali-insoluble and alkali-soluble
      fractions. The alkali-insoluble fraction appeared to be cellulose which
      represented 4.2% of the total weight of the wall. The major component of the
      alkali-soluble fraction consisted of proteins (64.7%). It also contained a
      glucose polymer (probably a precursor of cellulose) and lipids. The amino acid
      composition of the wall was also determined.

PMID- 6369335
TI  - In vivo localization of insulin binding to cells of the rat pancreas.
AB  - The uptake of 125I-insulin by rat pancreas was studied in vivo. Following
      fixation and light microscope autoradiography, saturable uptake of 125I-insulin
      was quantitatively demonstrated on acinar and duct cells but not on blood vessels
      and islets of Langerhans. Electron microscopy revealed the localization of 125I
      insulin to the basolateral cell membranes of acinar and duct cells.

PMID- 6369336
TI  - Exercise enhances survival rate in mice infected with Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - Mice voluntarily trained on exercise wheels for 16-18 days and were then infected
      with an approximate LD50 dose of Salmonella typhimurium. These trained mice
      exhibited a small, but statistically significant (P = 0.037) increase in survival
      rate (34/77) compared to sedentary control mice (23/79) after 7 days.

PMID- 6369337
TI  - Release of newly synthesized hormone from the pancreatic beta cell.

PMID- 6369338
TI  - The electrocardiogram of fetal and newborn rats and dysrhythmias induced by toxic
      exposure.

PMID- 6369339
TI  - Influence of maternal disease on the health and development of the fetus and
      newborn.

PMID- 6369340
TI  - Chemically induced polycystic kidney disease.

PMID- 6369341
TI  - The contribution of the kidney to the retention of sodium during growth.

PMID- 6369343
TI  - Normal and abnormal structural development of the human lung.

PMID- 6369342
TI  - The effect of prenatal protein-calorie malnutrition on kidney development in the
      rat.
AB  - Our studies show that prenatal protein deprivation has a long-term (if not
      permanent) effect on kidney morphology in the young and effects on renal function
      that persist at least to the end of weaning. Since animals are still alive and
      growing, we might ask whether this has any real physiological significance. At
      this point, it is important to mention that 50% of the young born of protein
      deprived dams in these studies did not survive more than 3 d. Those animals that
      were the subject of the study of postnatal kidneys were presumably less affected.
      We do not know the extent to which compromised renal function contributed to
      neonatal death in the others. These results can be extrapolated to other species
      only with great caution, since the rat kidney is relatively immature at birth. It
      is probable that increased postnatal feeding has a more beneficial effect on
      these rapidly developing tissues than it would have in species in which the
      kidneys are more mature at birth. Yet, kidney function did not reach the control
      level in spite of improved postnatal nutrition. Compromised renal function in the
      more mature kidneys of other species may be less amenable to postnatal recovery
      and--at the very least--leave the kidneys less able to respond to postnatal
      stress factors.

PMID- 6369344
TI  - The regulation of fetal lung development.

PMID- 6369345
TI  - Insulin as a developmental hormone.

PMID- 6369346
TI  - Tobias Smollett, M.D.--expert on the body--and the bawdy.

PMID- 6369347
TI  - Making medical school fun while keeping pace with science and technology.

PMID- 6369348
TI  - [Controlled study on the possible benefits of combination therapy with
      chlorimipramine and haloperidol inpatients with endogenous depression].
AB  - Ther is some clinical evidence that neuroleptics are able to increase the
      therapeutic effect of antidepressive drugs. From a theoretical viewpoint this
      could be due to influences on pharmacokinetic or receptor sensibility. In a
      controlled trial on 20 endogenous depressives the advantage of a combined
      medication of 150 mg Chlorimipramine and 9 mg p.d. Haloperidol (given over six
      days) were tested. Neither during the combined medication, nor after
      discontinuation of haloperidol, this treatment regimen proved better clinical
      results. According to the literature serum levels of chlorimipramine were higher
      in the experimental group, not the levels of desmethyl-chlorimipramine.

PMID- 6369349
TI  - Disposition and metabolism of MHPG in humans: application to studies in
      depression.
AB  - MHPG is formed from norepinephrine metabolized throughout the body; its levels in
      plasma reflect total norepinephrine metabolism. Over half of the MHPG, is
      converted to VMA. Less than 20% of MHPG is derived from brain norepinephrine and
      urinary excretion of this metabolite cannot be used as a measure of brain
      norepinephrine metabolism. Because unconjugated MHPG is readily diffusable, there
      is a free exchange of this metabolite among plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and
      nerve tissues (including brain and spinal cord). The CSF MHPG levels, after
      appropriately correction for the plasma contribution of the metabolite, reflect
      its rate of formation in the central nervous system.

PMID- 6369351
TI  - Structural apparatus for force transmission in smooth muscles.

PMID- 6369350
TI  - NMR and electrophysiological studies of insulin action on cation regulation and
      endocytosis in the amphibian oocyte: possible role of membrane recycling in the
      meiotic divisions.

PMID- 6369352
TI  - Hemodynamic aspects of essential hypertension in humans.

PMID- 6369353
TI  - A short history of the electrical stimulation of excitable tissue. Including
      electrotherapeutic applications.

PMID- 6369354
TI  - Integrated DNA sequences in three streptomycetes form related autonomous plasmids
      after transfer to Streptomyces lividans.
AB  - When Streptomyces parvulus ATCC 12434 was crossed with a plasmid-free S. lividans
      66 derivative, some S. lividans exconjugants contained plasmid DNA, pIJ110 (13.6
      kb). In a similar way, pIJ408 (15.05 kb) was found after mating S. glaucescens
      ETH 22794 with S. lividans. CCC DNA was not visualized in the donor strains.
      pIJ110 and pIJ408 each originates from a larger replicon, probably the
      chromosome, of S. parvulus or S. glaucescens. Restriction maps of pIJ110 and
      pIJ408, each for 10 enzymes, were derived. Derivatives of each plasmid were
      constructed carrying antibiotic-resistance markers (thiostrepton or viomycin) in
      a nonessential region and each plasmid was cloned into an Escherichia coli
      plasmid vector (pBR327 or pBR325). pIJ110 and pIJ408 resemble, in their origin,
      the previously known SLP1 plasmids (such as SLP1.2) which come from integrated
      sequences in the chromosome of S. coelicolor A3(2). pIJ110 and pIJ408, like
      SLP1.2, are self-transmissible, elicit the so-called lethal zygosis reaction
      (pock formation) and mobilize chromosomal markers. The three plasmids, in spite
      of their very different restriction maps, were found to be related: SLP1.2 and
      pIJ110 were strongly incompatible, showed complete resistance to each other's
      lethal zygosis reaction, and shared a segment of DNA with a considerable degree
      of cross-hybridization; pIJ110 and pIJ408 were weakly incompatible and showed
      partial resistance to lethal zygosis and a weak DNA cross-hybridization; pIJ408
      and SLP1.2 were only distantly related on these criteria. pIJ110, pIJ408, and
      SLP1.2 hybridized with varying degrees of homology in Southern transfer
      experiments to DNA from 7 out of 13 of an arbitrary collection of wild-type
      streptomycetes. Integrated sequences capable of forming plasmids after transfer
      to S. lividans may therefore be widespread in the genus Streptomyces.

PMID- 6369355
TI  - Proteins encoded by the trans-acting replication and maintenance regions of broad
      host range plasmid RK2.
AB  - The broad host range plasmid RK2 has previously been found to contain three
      separate regions of the genome involved in replication and maintenance in
      Escherichia coli (C. M. Thomas, R. Meyer, D. R. Helinski, 1980, J. Bacteriol.
      141, 213-222). They include the origin of replication (oriRK2) and the trfA
      region which encodes a trans-acting function required for replication. The third
      region (trfB), although not essential for replication, supplies a function
      involved in the maintenance of plasmid RK2. Using the maxicell system of labeling
      plasmid-specific proteins, we have identified all of the proteins encoded by two
      miniplasmid derivatives of RK2 which contain only the regions oriRK2, trfA, and
      trfB. To determine which region specifies each protein, RK2/mini-ColE1 hybrid
      plasmids were used which contain various restriction fragments of the mini-RK2
      replicon. The trfA region appears to encode three proteins designated A1 (39,000
      MW), A2 (31,000 MW), and A3 (14,000 MW). Analysis of proteins synthesized by
      plasmids containing deleted forms of the trfA region indicates that the A2
      protein is the essential trfA-encoded replication protein of plasmid RK2. The
      proteins A1 and A3 may be the products specified by the genes tra3 (involved in
      transmissibility) and kilB1 (involved in host-cell viability) which also map in
      the trfA region. The trfB region specifies two proteins designated B1 (36,000 MW)
      and B2 (30,000 MW). These may be the products of the two kil-override (kor) genes
      located in the trfB region which have been implicated in plasmid maintenance.

PMID- 6369356
TI  - Characterization of a mini-F plasmid derived from an F mutant expressing
      incompatibility in the autonomous but not in the integrated state.
AB  - Plasmid DNA from Escherichia coli F' ser/MA219 harboring an altered F' factor,
      which expressed incompatibility in the autonomous but not in the integrated state
      (DeVries and Maas, 1973, J. Bacteriol. 115, 213-220), was digested with the
      restriction endonuclease EcoRI and ligated to a nonreplicating trpED fragment. A
      miniplasmid was obtained containing a 5.7-kb EcoRI fragment capable of self
      replication. This plasmid, designated pRE300, was incompatible with mini-F as
      well as with ColE1 derivatives. It represents a cointegrate formed in vivo
      between a 2.2-kb segment of the F replication region and a ColE1-type replicon of
      unknown derivation. The F-derived component of pRE300 corresponds to a
      minimalized F replicon (43.85-46.05 kb F) retaining oriII and the incB locus but
      missing the incC and incD functions. It is postulated that the Inc- mutation
      resulted from the insertion of a transposable DNA sequence into the incC locus of
      the parent F plasmid.

PMID- 6369357
TI  - Replication control of IncP plasmids.
AB  - Clones of Escherichia coli with a chromosomally integrated RP4-prime plasmid were
      isolated and characterized. Chromosome transfer was increased about 50-fold and
      the Hfr still carried an autonomous plasmid indistinguishable from the original
      RP4-prime. This could be eliminated by pRP64 or R751, two distinguishably marked
      incompatible plasmids, giving rise to strains which stably retained the
      resistance patterns of both plasmids and which continued to transfer the
      chromosome at enhanced levels. In both cases, however, the copy number of the
      autonomous plasmid was reduced by the presence of a chromosomal RP4 such that the
      total number of P plasmid genomes (integrated and autonomous) remained constant.
      The results are consistent with the idea that copy number is controlled by
      diffusible inhibitors or initiators of replication.

PMID- 6369359
TI  - Carl August Burow.

PMID- 6369358
TI  - Free latissimus dorsi muscle flap with skin graft for treatment of traumatic
      chronic bony wounds.
AB  - Based on this review of 35 cases of chronic bony wounds, it would appear that the
      free-muscle flap method of wound closure and nourishment after thorough dead bone
      debridement is an attractive and successful alternative to local skin flaps,
      staged skin flaps, or extend skin-muscle flaps in areas where reliable muscle
      flaps are not available. It would also seem that the latissimus dorsi muscle flap
      with skin graft is an ideal donor-muscle transfer with features allowing a
      favorable and contoured surface in the recipient site and minimal aesthetic and
      functional deformity in the donor site.

PMID- 6369360
TI  - Motivation for reduction rhinoplasty and the practical significance of the
      operation in life. By Jacques Joseph.

PMID- 6369361
TI  - Gauging thickness of split grafts.

PMID- 6369362
TI  - Labat and the three-lobed forehead flap.

PMID- 6369363
TI  - Effects of RS 86, an orally active cholinergic agonist, on sleep in man.
AB  - The effect of four oral doses of RS 86, a direct-acting cholinergic agonist, on
      polygraphic sleep parameters was studied in two groups of 12 healthy male
      volunteers. Subjects received placebo, 0.25 and 0.50 mg (Study I), or placebo,
      0.75 and 1.50 mg (Study II), in a double-blind, balanced, crossover design. While
      0.25 and 0.50 mg RS 86 had no effect on electrophysiological correlates of sleep,
      0.75 and 1.50 mg altered polygraphic sleep parameters in a dose-dependent
      fashion: the latency of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was shortened, REM sleep
      duration in the first third of the sleep period increased, and slow wave sleep
      reduced in the first and second thirds of the sleep period. Pulse rate was dose
      dependently and significantly increased after RS 86. Subjective sleep experience
      and the subjects' condition in the morning were not altered. These results
      suggest that RS 86, in well-tolerated oral doses, has central effects that are
      partly similar to and partly different from those of other cholinomimetic agents.

PMID- 6369364
TI  - Charles Brenner. An appreciation.

PMID- 6369365
TI  - Hypertension: psychological aspects and diagnostic impact in a clinical trial.
AB  - The widespread acceptance of evidence that even mildly raised blood pressure is
      associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity has led to the
      setting up of screening programmes and treatment trials for hypertension in
      several countries. In order to allay anxieties about adverse psychological
      consequences of their own treatment trial of mild to moderate hypertension in a
      population of 35-64 year old adults of both sexes, the Medical Research Council
      supported a special psychiatric study in the pilot phase of the trial. This case
      controlled study demonstrated that there was no increase in psychiatric morbidity
      after diagnosis (labelling) of hypertension nor during one year on the trial.
      There was, in fact, a fall in such morbidity for trial entrants, related to a
      greater rate of improvement for those subjects who displayed morbidity and not to
      any alteration in the incidence of new morbidity. The improvement in
      psychological state was not associated with any of the antihypertensive drug
      regimes, nor was it an artefact of selection; rather it appeared to be a
      beneficial effect of regular clinic attendance. The results of this study are
      presented and discussed in the context of current research into the psychological
      aspects of hypertension.

PMID- 6369366
TI  - Does prostacyclin prevent cognitive deficits after open heart surgery?
AB  - Two groups of open heart surgery patients, one receiving prostacyclin and one
      placebo, were assessed one week pre-operatively and 3 months post-operatively,
      using a battery of clinical tests measuring a variety of cognitive functions. No
      significant differences between the groups were detected, apart from a visual
      retention deficit at 3 months in the prostacyclin group. The results cast doubt
      on previous findings suggesting that prostacyclin reduces cognitive deficits
      following open heart surgery.

PMID- 6369367
TI  - The diseases called chlorosis.
AB  - It is suggested that chlorosis, or the 'green-sickness', was not a single disease
      entity, but a name applied to at least two distinct conditions affecting young
      females in the past. The first ('chloro-anaemia') was a form of hypochromic
      anaemia possibly associated with gastric ulceration and poor diet. This form
      predominated in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The second
      ('chloro-anorexia') was a disorder of psychogenic origin resembling, but not
      identical to, anorexia nervosa. The latter form predominated in earlier periods
      but also occurred throughout the nineteenth century; it was also known as 'the
      virgin's disease' or 'febris amatoria'. The 'green' of 'green-sickness' may
      originally have indicated innocence rather than a green colour of the skin.

PMID- 6369368
TI  - Relationship between separation anxiety and panic and agoraphobic disorders.
AB  - The paper addresses several issues pertinent to the characteristics and treatment
      of separation anxiety in children and adults. The rationale for separating
      separation anxiety from other childhood anxiety conditions rests on clinical
      observations of its relationship to panic disorder and its response to drug
      treatment. The psychopharmacological treatment of separation anxiety is reviewed,
      with special emphasis on the use of tricyclic antidepressants. The literature
      relevant to a possible association between separation anxiety and adult panic
      disorder is presented. The prevalence of separation anxiety disorder in adult
      outpatients with panic disorder is discussed. Data are presented to address the
      issue of treatment response in adult panic disorders with and without separation
      anxiety.

PMID- 6369369
TI  - Changes in the drug treatment of anxiety disorders.
AB  - One of the major changes in the clinical treatment of anxiety has been the
      substitution of benzodiazepines for less safe sedative-hypnotic drugs. A second
      major change has been the finding that antidepressants suppress panic attacks.
      The evidence for this is reviewed in this paper. It appears that panic anxiety is
      qualitatively different from other kinds of anxiety; this has important
      implications for diagnosis and treatment. Other clinical issues presented in this
      symposium are a review of benzodiazepine and new, non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic
      drugs, the treatment of separation anxiety, and the relationship of mitral valve
      prolapse to anxiety. Further advances are likely to depend both on our
      understanding of benzodiazepine and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors and on drug
      models for inducing anxiety. The fact that antidepressants suppress panic
      attacks, and the ability to produce panic attacks in the laboratory opens up a
      number of possibilities for the investigation of the physiological basis of panic
      attacks. All of these topics are taken up in this symposium.

PMID- 6369370
TI  - Avenues of investigation for the role of catecholamines in anxiety.
AB  - Many of the cardinal somatic symptoms associated with anxiety states are produced
      by the sympathoadrenal medullary discharge of catecholamines (CA) described over
      50 years ago as 'fight or flight' responses. During the last decade, development
      of sensitive convenient assays for CA and their metabolites in tissues,
      cerebrospinal fluid, plasma and urine has made possible assessment of brain and
      peripheral adrenergic activity during stress, in neuropsychiatric disorders, and
      after administration of drugs. Studies in animal models of stress and anxiety
      parallel studies in humans. In rats, there are genetic differences in the graded
      adrenergic alerting responses to administered or anticipated stress, analogous to
      trait anxiety in humans. Behavioral responses to stress may be attenuated in rats
      by pharmacological blockade of peripheral CA release, suggesting a positive
      feedback process in which released CA augment behavioral responses, possibly
      analogous to use of clonidine or beta-adrenergic blocking agents to diminish
      somatic symptoms attending anxiety-provoking situations in humans. The
      biochemical evaluation of adrenergic responses by examination of CA and their
      metabolites in body fluids of humans with various levels of sympathetic
      activation will be discussed.

PMID- 6369371
TI  - Mitral valve prolapse: a marker for anxiety or overlapping phenomenon?
AB  - In symptomatic mitral valve prolapse patients (MVP): (1) the frequency and nature
      of symptoms were analyzed (n = 313); (2) metabolic studies were performed (n =
      20), and (3) the response to isoproterenol infusions were studied (n = 16). Chest
      pain is more often the initial symptom in men; palpitations are more common
      initially in women. Fatigue, palpitations, dyspnea and arrhythmias are more
      frequent in women. Chest pain and neurologic events occur with the same frequency
      in both sexes. Women have more symptoms than men. MVP patients have normal
      thyroid function tests, normal plasma cortisol, normal diurnal variation of
      cortisol and normal 24-hour 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxycortico-steroids
      excretion. They have a normal response to oral glucose but higher glucose and
      insulin levels than controls. MVP patients have increased 24-hour urinary
      catecholamine excretion. Isoproterenol infusions produce symptoms in a dose
      related fashion in MVP patients but not in controls. Isoproterenol infusion
      related symptoms included chest pain (7), extreme fatigue (6), dyspnea (6),
      dizziness (4), numbness (2), panic attacks (2). Isoproterenol infusions produced
      a greater increase in heart rate in MVP patients compared to controls. Thus, MVP
      patients have increased catecholamines and hyperresponse to isoproterenol
      infusion which indicates that their symptoms may be catecholamine related or
      mediated. The complex relationships of MVP symptoms are not clear; the
      coexistence of anxiety states and MVP is one explanation; another equally
      plausible explanation is that MVP may be a specific marker for the symptom
      complex.

PMID- 6369372
TI  - Evaluation of cardiac transplant candidates: preliminary observations.

PMID- 6369373
TI  - Trial of an adrenergic beta-blocker in the menopause.

PMID- 6369374
TI  - Patterns of glomerulonephritis in Zimbabwe: survey of disease characterised by
      nephrotic proteinuria.
AB  - Ninety-eight Zimbabweans with glomerulonephritis characterised by nephrotic
      proteinuria were studied. There was no evidence to implicate Schistosoma mansoni
      or S. haemotobium in the aetiology, although schistosomiasis was diagnosed in 54
      patients in the series. Similarly, Plasmodium malariae proved unimportant as a
      cause of the nephrotic syndrome, only one patient showing focal segmental
      glomerulosclerosis which was associated with subclinical quartan malarial
      infection. Nevertheless, infections were shown to play a major role in the
      genesis of glomerulonephritis which was associated with beta-haemolytic
      streptococcal, hepatitis B and syphilitic infection in 45 patients in the series.
      The major patterns of disease in childhood proved to be membranous glomerulopathy
      associated with hepatitis B antigenaemia. In young adults post-streptococcal
      proliferative glomerulonephritis constituted the commonest disease pattern. In
      older adult patients a miscellany of primary and secondary glomerulonephritides
      was encountered but proliferative glomerulonephritis, which was both idiopathic
      and streptococcus-related, predominated.

PMID- 6369375
TI  - Hypothalamic-releasing hormones: therapeutic potential of gonadotrophin-releasing
      hormone: a review.

PMID- 6369376
TI  - Giardiasis: review of epidemiology, pathogenetic mechanisms and host responses.

PMID- 6369377
TI  - Proliferative compensation of residual radiation damage in the compartment of
      hematopoietic early progenitor cells of the mouse.
AB  - The rate of cell entry from the compartment of hematopoietic early progenitor
      cells into differentiation was determined in sublethally irradiated mice. By use
      of the criterion of repopulating ability, transplantation of 5-(125I) iodo-2'
      deoxyuridine labeled bone marrow cells into fatally irradiated syngeneic
      recipients allows to measure the relative number of early progenitor cells
      lodging in the spleen and the turnover of these cells in the donors. Following
      450 rad the relative number of transplantable early progenitor cells in S-phase
      recovers to normal within 2 weeks and stabilizes after 5 weeks. At this time, the
      labeled progenitors turn over with a half-time of 1.4-2.2 days; the respective
      times for unirradiated mice are 1.5-1.8 days. Thus, quantitative and qualitative
      residual radiation damage that is known to exist in the compartment of CFU-S, is
      disguised within 2-5 weeks after irradiation by proliferative compensation in the
      entirety of early hemopoietic precursor cells which are here defined by their
      capacity of self renewal and delivery of differentiated cells and of seeding to
      spleens of lethally irradiated recipients.

PMID- 6369378
TI  - Radiosensitivity of vertebral bone marrow CFU-S surviving in mice internally
      contaminated with 239Pu or 241Am.
AB  - The radiosensitivity of pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells was studied in ICR
      "Swiss" mice (28 g/mouse) given i.v. 198.6 kBq 239Pu/kg as citrate complex or
      208.6 kBq 241 Am/kg as nitrate at the age of 10 weeks. The bone marrow cells were
      examined at the early and late phases of radionuclide contamination. To obtain
      data for survival curves and D0 of stem cells the CFU-S assay was used and the
      donor vertebral marrow cells were exposed to the complementary X-irradiation
      either early after injection to the heavily irradiated recipients or to the "in
      vitro" irradiation given before the transplantation. To determine the iron uptake
      in splenic erythroid progeny the recipients given marrow cells unexposed to the X
      rays received 37 kBq 59Fe 6 h before they were killed and the relative activity
      per colony was calculated. The radiation effect of the used actinides on the bone
      marrow cells resulted in decreased cellularity and seriously altered both
      relative and absolute CFU-S numbers. The radiosensitivity of CFU-S increased in
      all intervals examined (D0 from 0.60 to 0.86 Gy, in controls 0.97 to 1.06 Gy) and
      was more expressed when the CFU-S were exposed to the X-rays immediately after
      the bone marrow cell transplantation to the heavily irradiated hosts. The stem
      cell pool appeared, especially at older age, to be affected also in its ability
      to produce erythrocytic progeny.

PMID- 6369379
TI  - [Effect of indomethacin on the recovery of hematopoiesis in mice after total
      gamma irradiation].
AB  - In experiments on mice it was demonstrated that after the administration of
      indomethacin the CFUc, survived after the irradiation, enter the exponential
      phase of growth 3 days earlier than the controls do. The time of doubling of
      cells in number is invariable. The accelerated repopulation of haemopoietic cells
      improves the haemopoiesis status at the height of acute radiation sickness.

PMID- 6369380
TI  - [Patterns of postradiation recovery of the spermatogenic epithelium in rodents
      and man].
AB  - On the basis of the data reported in the literature a model is proposed
      describing the kinetics of the post-irradiation recovery of the main
      spermatogenous epithelium populations. In studying the spermatogenous epithelium
      structure of rodents and comparing the experimental and theoretical curves the
      parameters necessary for the kinetics estimations have been quantitated and their
      specific variations analysed. From these the parameters have been obtained and
      the kinetic curves shaped with a reference to human spermatogenous epithelium.

PMID- 6369381
TI  - [Relative biological effectiveness of tritium oxide by the criterion of death of
      the germ cells in mice].
AB  - It was shown that low-level beta-radiation of tritium is much more effective than
      gamma-radiation of 137Cs with respect to reduction of the mouse testis weight.
      The RBE coefficient increases from 1.8 at a dose of 1 Gy to 2.2-2.3 at 0.1 Gy. On
      the basis of the data obtained by the authors and those reported in the
      literature a quality factor is proposed for tritium: QF = 2. Using THO and Na36Cl
      labels a mean water content of the testis cells, necessary for the estimation of
      a tritium-radiation dose absorbed, has been determined: gamma ct = 0.70 +/- 0.02
      ml/g.

PMID- 6369382
TI  - [The oxygen effect in E. coli cells. Role of the photoreactivated component in
      modifying the oxygen effect in E. coli WP2 uvrA6 cells].
AB  - A study was made of a contribution of photoreactivated lesions to the oxygen
      effect (OE) manifestation in cells of UV-sensitive E. coli WP2 uvrA6. It was
      shown that the contribution of the photoreactivated lesions depends upon
      radiation energy and gas conditions in which radiation is delivered. The OE value
      in the uvrA6-mutant may be modified in the irradiation conditions preventing
      induction of the photoreactivated lesions (gamma-irradiation in the presence of
      nigrosine, and X-irradiation).

PMID- 6369383
TI  - [Effect of the inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis on the hematopoietic
      status of irradiated mice].
AB  - The administration to mice of preparations inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis was
      shown to reduce the post-irradiation cytopenia in the peripheral blood and to
      increase the total cellularity of the bone marrow and the yield of splenic
      endocolonies. When the exposed mice were injected with intact myelocaryocytes, at
      the background of the inhibited prostaglandin biosynthesis, the number of
      exogenous colonies increased.

PMID- 6369384
TI  - Digital subtraction fluorography: operational and technical aspects.

PMID- 6369385
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography: remasking and integration techniques.

PMID- 6369386
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography: first 900 cases.
AB  - The Radiography Department at St Thomas' Hospital, London, produced their first
      digital subtraction angiogram in May last year, and since then over 900 patients
      have been examined with this technique. Examinations have included pulmonary,
      cardiac, neurological, central and peripheral, vascular and renal studies. The
      aim of this article is to share their initial experiences in this new field.

PMID- 6369387
TI  - [Clinical, sonographic and radiologic findings in spinal dysraphism of the
      lumbosacral region].
AB  - Demonstrating the clinical, sonographic and radiologic findings in three
      pediatric patients suffering from caudal spinal dysraphism the various diagnostic
      and therapeutic problems of neural tube defects are discussed. Important
      conclusions are as follows: (1) Early diagnosed and operated malformations of the
      caudal spine may cause neurologic, neurosurgical, urogenital, gastrointestinal
      and orthopedic complications even after uneventful years. Mostly the reason is a
      prevented ascensus of the conus medullaris. Therefore a longstanding follow-up of
      these patients is mandatory. (2) The patient's examiners have to look for
      cutaneous manifestations of spinal dysraphism even in the sacral region to avoid
      secondary damage. (3) Sonography today is a valuable diagnostic method not only
      applied for screening examinations but also to establish definite diagnoses in
      many cases. The application of other methods is therefore guided by sonographic
      findings.

PMID- 6369388
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of tumorous changes in the iliac bone region in children.
      Case reports and review of the literature].
AB  - The radiologic appearance of inflammatory and tumorous lesions in the iliac bone
      is characterized by destructive alterations and consolidations simultaneously.
      This pattern is nonspecific. The value of plain films of this area is compromised
      by the anatomy of the iliac bone and by overlying structures. Therefore
      tomography, computer tomography and bone scans are necessary. Difficulties in
      differentiation between benign and malignant lesions are discussed and case
      reports are given. The importance of histologic examination is stressed.

PMID- 6369390
TI  - Intraarterial digital subtraction angiography in diagnostic arteriography.
AB  - Intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed in 133
      diagnostic arteriographic procedures during a 10-month period. The increased
      contrast resolution of DSA permitted the use of a dilute (15%) contrast material.
      A significant reduction in contrast material dose compared with conventional film
      screen arteriography and intravenous DSA was thus achieved. This was especially
      advantageous in patients with diminished renal function. The dilute contrast
      material also resulted in less patient discomfort. Subtracted images were
      available immediately on cathode ray tube display, resulting in faster
      procedures, and a considerable saving in film cost compared with conventional
      arteriography. It is concluded that intraarterial DSA is a useful technique that
      may replace conventional film-screen arteriography in many applications.

PMID- 6369389
TI  - [Cortical hyperostoses after long-term prostaglandin E2 therapy].
AB  - Cortical hyperostoses are found to be side effects after therapy in early infancy
      with prostaglandin E1 and E2. Correlation seems to exist between dosage and
      duration of therapy. Radiologically the lesions cannot be differentiated from
      Caffey's disease. Pathogenetic relationship of the two diseases is discussed; 62
      cases of newborn children with ductal related vitium cordis, who were treated for
      a short time or for longer with prostaglandin E2 are demonstrated.

PMID- 6369391
TI  - Real-time digital angiocardiography using a temporal high-pass filter.
AB  - A temporal high-pass filtration technique for digital subtraction
      angiocardiography was studied, using real-time digital studies performed
      simultaneously with routine cineangiocardiography (cine) for qualitative image
      comparison. The digital studies showed increased contrast and suppression of
      background anatomy and also enhanced detection of wall motion abnormalities when
      compared with cine. This digital technique is compatible with panning the image
      intensifier during an injection. The digital images are comparable with, and in
      some cases better than, cine images. Clinical efficacy of this digital technique
      is currently being evaluated. Real-time display, as well as potential reductions
      in radiation and contrast material doses, may make digital angiocardiography an
      attractive technique.

PMID- 6369392
TI  - Computer graphics for digitally formatted images.
AB  - The increasing use of digitally formatted imaging systems requires high-quality
      interactive gray-scale computer raster graphics systems for the management,
      display, and analog film recording of digital image and alphanumeric information.
      These systems are a combination of computer hardware and software and implement a
      set of graphics protocols. This paper describes a set of interactive graphics
      protocols that has been developed for clinical use.

PMID- 6369393
TI  - A subtraction technique in conventional angiography.
AB  - A subtraction technique is described for conventional angiography by which a
      superimposed vessel can be removed, allowing exact visualization of the area in
      question. The method is easy, requires only standard subtraction apparatus, and
      obviates the need for additional contrast material injections.

PMID- 6369394
TI  - [Expression of cloned DNA introduced into a cell].

PMID- 6369395
TI  - [Autonomous replicating plasmids in eukaryotic cells].

PMID- 6369396
TI  - [DNA transfer into mammalian cells].

PMID- 6369397
TI  - [Studies on the development and differentiation of mammalian embryo by
      developmental bioengineering technics].

PMID- 6369398
TI  - [T/t complex of the mouse viewed in the light of genes, differentiation and
      evolution].

PMID- 6369399
TI  - [Regulatory circuits for gene expression: the metabolism of galactose and
      phosphate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae].

PMID- 6369400
TI  - [Enzymatic synthesis of peptides].

PMID- 6369401
TI  - Increased thromboxane A2 production but normal prostacyclin by the placenta in
      hypertensive pregnancies.
AB  - The production of vasodilatory, antiaggregatory prostacyclin (PGI2) and
      vasoconstrictory, proaggregatory thromboxane A2 (TxA2) by the placenta was
      studied in the cases of hypertensive pregnancy complications by superfusing
      pieces from maternal and fetal sides of placentae of 9 pre-eclamptic, 6
      hypertensive and 11 healthy women in vitro and measuring the release of 6-keto
      prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) and thromboxane B2 (TxB2), the
      breakdown products of PGI2 and TxA2 respectively, from the superfusate. Both
      sides of the placentae from the controls produced 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (maternal
      side 0.5 +/- 0.1 ng/g/min dry weight of tissue, mean +/- SEM; fetal side 0.7 +/-
      0.2 ng/g/min) and TxB2 (maternal side 2.5 +/- 0.4 ng/g/min; fetal side 2.7 +/-
      0.5 ng/g/min) with no correlation between the two. The 6-keto-PGF1 alpha
      production was normal in hypertensive complications whereas the TxB2 production
      was increased on the fetal side of the placentae obtained from the pre-eclamptic
      (3.7 +/- 0.3 ng/g/min: p less than 0.05) and hypertensive women (4.1 +/- 0.4
      ng/g/min; p less than 0.025). This may explain the occurrence of microthrombi and
      infarctions in placentae of hypertensive women.

PMID- 6369402
TI  - [Psychoanalysis and Marxism in Hungary (1900-1980)].

PMID- 6369403
TI  - [Kepinski as a teacher and educator].

PMID- 6369405
TI  - [The Auschwitz theme in the works of Antoni Kepinski].

PMID- 6369404
TI  - [Kepinski as a clinician].

PMID- 6369406
TI  - [Reflections on the works of Antoni Kepinski].

PMID- 6369407
TI  - [Reception of the works of Antoni Kepinski].

PMID- 6369408
TI  - [Kepinski's informative metabolism in the light of information theory].

PMID- 6369409
TI  - [Kepinski's "Schizophrenia"].

PMID- 6369410
TI  - [Psychotherapy according to Antoni Kepinski].

PMID- 6369411
TI  - [Antoni Kepinski. Reminiscences].

PMID- 6369412
TI  - [Reminiscences from the "sick ward" in Auschwitz].

PMID- 6369413
TI  - [Experiences in the Auschwitz hospital].

PMID- 6369414
TI  - [Prisoners in the kitchen of the Auschwitz concentration camp].

PMID- 6369415
TI  - [Thoughts about the Birkenau concentration camp].

PMID- 6369416
TI  - [Defense mechanisms].

PMID- 6369417
TI  - [Dr. Tadeusz Boczon].

PMID- 6369418
TI  - [Zbigniew Sobieszczanski, M.D].

PMID- 6369419
TI  - [The subject of medicine during the occupation in Polish publications of the year
      1983].

PMID- 6369420
TI  - [A few remarks about the K-Z syndrome].

PMID- 6369421
TI  - [Contents of preceding issues of Przeglad Lekarski (Medical Review) devoted to
      medical problems during the Hitler occupation].

PMID- 6369422
TI  - [Hunger in the concentration camp].

PMID- 6369423
TI  - [The pathology of work in Auschwitz-Birkenau].

PMID- 6369424
TI  - [Remarks of a physician about the martyrdom of the Polish Jews].

PMID- 6369425
TI  - [The Auschwitz dictionary (C-C). A model].

PMID- 6369426
TI  - [Health services in the Polish Army during the battle on the Bzura River].

PMID- 6369427
TI  - [Development of hospitals in Auschwitz-Birkenau].

PMID- 6369428
TI  - [The first concentration camp hospital in Birkenau].

PMID- 6369429
TI  - [The morale of prisoners-conspirators at Auschwitz].

PMID- 6369430
TI  - [Death of the prisoner Stefan Przybos in Mauthausen].

PMID- 6369431
TI  - [Comparative studies on the side effects of morphine after peridural, spinal and
      intravenous administration].
AB  - A prospective randomized study was carried out on 29 patients undergoing
      transurethral prostatectomy. In addition to the regional anaesthetic given for
      the operation, the patients received either: 1 mg morphine intrathecally (spinal
      group), 0.05 mg/kg body weight of morphine i.v. (i.v. group), or 0.05 mg/kg body
      weight epidurally (PDA group). Two of the intrathecal group patients had to be
      given an antagonist because of clinically relevant respiratory depression. In one
      of these cases, this depression could be documented by a continuous fall in
      respiratory minute volume, and an increase in PCO2. In the other, bradypnoea and
      vomiting developed within a few minutes of injection. The presence of a central
      action of intrathecal and epidural opiates was indicated by the significant
      increase in reaction time found. In the two instances of respiratory depression,
      the CSF morphine concentration 24 hrs after injection was markedly lower (0 and
      18 ng/ml respectively) than in unaffected patients. It must therefore be assumed
      that the respiratory depression was caused by a more rapid cephelad transport
      than that occurring in normal cases.

PMID- 6369432
TI  - [Urological cancer: treatment strategies].

PMID- 6369433
TI  - [Homeopathy: yesterday, today and tomorrow].

PMID- 6369434
TI  - [Bacteriological study in maxillary sinusitis].

PMID- 6369435
TI  - [Acute diarrhea].

PMID- 6369436
TI  - [The future of the Artisanat faced with changing technology].

PMID- 6369437
TI  - [The Artisanat, a division in mutation].

PMID- 6369438
TI  - [Clinician-dental prosthetist relations in the treatment of occlusion in the
      laboratory].

PMID- 6369439
TI  - [Rational approach to esthetics].

PMID- 6369440
TI  - [A new therapy for the resolution of the problem posed by the absence of 1 or
      more teeth between 2 healthy adjacent teeth].

PMID- 6369441
TI  - Cytoplasmic inclusions in virus-infected salivary gland cells of Triatoma
      infestans Klug.

PMID- 6369442
TI  - [Epidemic outbreak of neonatal listeriosis].

PMID- 6369443
TI  - [Mechanism of action of sulfonylureas at the pancreatic and extra-pancreatic
      levels in prolonged treatment in noninsulin-dependent diabetic patients].

PMID- 6369444
TI  - [Duodenal endoscopic aspects of histiocytic lymphoma].

PMID- 6369445
TI  - [Malaria: a study of 5 cases].

PMID- 6369446
TI  - [Insulin resistance due to antibody in type I diabetes].

PMID- 6369447
TI  - [Dynamics of antibiotic resistance of strains of Escherichia coli isolated from
      feces of weaned piglets (the case of the Lwanika- Lubumbashi (Zaire) farm].

PMID- 6369448
TI  - The control of isometric contractions in patients suffering from different types
      of hypotonia.
AB  - Different forms of hypotonia, resulting from various lesions in the somatosensory
      system, are discussed. In order to investigate the causes of hypotonia the
      forearm flexors of patients were stretched and the segmental EMG responses
      studied. Special attention was given to parkinsonian patients who were
      stereotaxically operated for the relief of tremor. These patients were studied
      before and after their operation and their reflex responses were compared to
      those of normal subjects. It was found that the M2 component was always
      significantly larger before operation when compared to normal subjects. This
      could be due to high-frequency firing of single motor units during the M2
      interval, as shown with single unit analysis. After operation the M2 component
      was significantly reduced; clinically hypotonia was observed. It is thus
      suggested that hypotonia observable in parkinsonians following subthalamotomy
      and/or thalamotomy could be the result of the decreased M2-component. Pathways
      which may be interrupted by the lesion are discussed and possible mechanisms
      mediating unusually high M2-components are mentioned. The hypothesis is forwarded
      that the stereotaxic lesion may selectively interfere with the static gamma drive
      to muscle spindles.

PMID- 6369449
TI  - [Considerations on various clinico-evolutive aspects of intrathoracic
      sarcoidosis].

PMID- 6369450
TI  - [Differential diagnostic value of the immunochemical study of the synovial
      fluid].

PMID- 6369451
TI  - Motility induction in hamster spermatozoa from caput epididymidis: effects of
      forward motility protein (FMP) and calmodulin inhibitor.
AB  - The motility characteristics and the behaviour of caput spermatozoa were
      investigated. After dilution in B2 medium the majority of spermatozoa presented
      head-to-head agglutination and a twisted flagellum. Only a small population of
      these spermatozoa developed an anarchic motility pattern. The addition of crude
      bovine epididymal fluid forward motility protein (FMP) to the incubation medium
      suppressed flagellar angulation and agglutination. The addition of FMP to
      caffeine-activated spermatozoa induced a slow-swimming progressive movement in
      about 10% of the spermatozoa. In order to establish an hypothetical role of FMP
      in the regulation of calcium transport a calmodulin inhibitor, fluphenazin, was
      tested. When added to caffeine-activated spermatozoa at a rate of 10(-5) M, it
      induced about 15% of progressive spermatozoa with flagellar angulations. The
      trajectories of these spermatozoa were similar to those observed in samples of
      spermatozoa from the cauda epididymidis. It is concluded that during epididymal
      maturation a calcium-dependent mechanism might be involved in the transformation
      of an irregular movement into a progressive movement.

PMID- 6369452
TI  - [The thymus micro-environment and T lymphocyte differentiation].
AB  - T cell precursors, which are derived from foetal liver and later from bone
      marrow, are obliged to colonize the thymus to differentiate into mature T cells.
      Multiple factors, secreted by cells of different types and origins, are involved
      in the constitution of a suitable micro-environment. Thymic epithelial cells have
      an endo-ectodermal origin, while the epithelial rudiment is secondarily colonized
      by mesodermal precursors of lymphocytes, macrophages and interdigitating cells.
      The migration of stem cells into the thymus is controlled by chemotactic factors
      which are derived from epithelial cells as well as from mature thymic medullary
      cells. Intra-thymic differentiation is controlled by thymic humoral factors
      secreted by epithelial cells. One of these factors, the "facteur thymique
      serique" (FTS) (now called thymulin), has been isolated from the serum and also
      plays a role in the later extra-thymic maturation process. Thymic hormones are
      able to generate differentiation antigens on the surface of pre-thymic
      precursors. They have complex effects on the immunological function of post
      thymic precursors. In addition to thymic hormones, other signals, such as
      interleukins, are necessary. Dendritic-shaped phagocytic cells of the thymic
      reticulum are able to secrete IL1 which is necessary for the secretion of IL2 by
      mature thymic medullary lymphocytes. MHC antigens on thymic epithelial cells and
      other factors, such as prostaglandins, also play important roles in intra-thymic
      T cell differentiation.

PMID- 6369453
TI  - [Immunity in the fetus and the newborn infant: a swine model].
AB  - An efficient placental barrier protects the pig fetus from all exogenous
      antigenic stimulation. The results of studies on different subpopulations of
      lymphocytes, histological localization, and stimulation as well as immunization
      in utero with allogeneic lymphocytes have confirmed that the pig fetus becomes
      immunocompetent at around 80 days of fetal life (total length of gestation: 115
      days). Because the newborn piglet has had no "immunological experience" in utero,
      it can only elaborate a primary response which is often advantageous to
      pathogenic microorganisms. Under natural conditions, immune protection is
      provided by the mother in the form of colostrum. This colostrum provides systemic
      immunity and is followed by milk which insures local immunity in the piglet
      gastrointestinal tract. However, the great disadvantage of maternal antibodies is
      that they suppress the active synthesis of new antibodies in young pig. Thus, the
      beginning of active immunity in the piglet is a function of the ratio of maternal
      antibody level to the level of antigenic stimulation.

PMID- 6369454
TI  - Influence of prostaglandin E and reduction of renal arterial pressure on renin
      release by the dog kidney.
AB  - The influence of PGE1 infusion into the renal artery of dogs n renal hemodynamics
      and renin release (RR) was examined, with or without simultaneous reduction in
      renal arterial perfusion pressure. The degree of reduction in renal arterial
      pressure was such as to remain in the autoregulatory range. PGE1 is a known
      stimulator of RR. The objective of the experiment was to attempt to determine
      whether or not PGE1 and reduction of renal arterial pressure (baroreceptor
      mechanisms) operated by a similar receptor-effector mechanism, or by different
      mechanisms. Evidence is supplied that supports the former case (similar receptor
      effector mechanism).

PMID- 6369455
TI  - Inhibition of bacterial plasmid replication by stereoselective binding by
      tricyclic psychopharmacons.
AB  - Several dibenzazepines, thioxanthene, and phenothiazine stereoisomers were
      studied for their abilities to inhibit plasmid replication, intracellular
      transfer of R-plasmid, bacterial ATP-ase, and mouse serum cholinesterase
      isoenzyme. Partially saturated derivative of desipramine inhibited plasmid
      replication and transfer, but the fully saturated derivative was inactive. The
      inhibition of plasmid curing and transfer patterns did not correlate with the
      inhibition of ATP-ase and cholinesterase. Trans-clopenthixol was more effective
      in plasmid elimination than the cis-isomer. On the other hand, the cis-isomer
      inhibited ATP-ase and cholinesterase more than the trans-isomer. The levo- and
      dextro-methoxytrimeprazine also inhibited plasmid replication and enzyme
      activity. We believe that the tricyclic configuration of the drugs tested for
      stereospecific binding to bacterial receptors is more important than its side
      chain orientation. We believe that there is a similarity between bacterial
      receptor sites and neural receptor sites. Therefore, this model may be useful in
      the study of neuropharmacological agents as potential antibacterial agents.

PMID- 6369456
TI  - Blood glucose and serum C-peptide after a single chlorpropamide dose.
AB  - A single chlorpropamide dose, when compared to placebo, reduced blood glucose in
      volunteers during fasting and glucagon stimulation without increase in pancreatic
      beta cell secretion. The finding suggests that extrapancreatic mechanisms may
      play a substantial role in the chlorpropamide action also after a single drug
      dose.

PMID- 6369457
TI  - Effect of ochratoxin A on immunoglobulins in broiler chicks.
AB  - The effect of ochratoxin A (OA) on the immune system was investigated in broiler
      chicks fed graded dietary levels of OA up to 4 ppm for 20 days from hatch.
      Immunofluorescent demonstration of IgG, IgA and IgM in sections of liver, kidney
      and lymphoid tissues was used to assess immune competence. Serum immunoglobulin
      levels were measured by radial immunodiffusion. Ochratoxin caused a significant
      depression in immunoglobulin-containing cells in all the lymphoid organs studied.
      Correspondingly, total immunoglobulin levels were also reduced in the sera from
      OA fed birds, immunosuppression being similar at both the 2 and 4 ppm OA levels.
      Deposition of immunoglobulins, especially IgG, in the glomerular basement
      membrane was seen with greater frequency in kidneys from OA fed fowls.
      Immunoglobulin-containing lymphoid cells occurred more frequently in the kidney
      parenchyma of these birds.

PMID- 6369458
TI  - Preliminary study on the use of ceftazidime, a broad spectrum cephalosporin
      antibiotic, in snakes.
AB  - Ceftazidime, a broad spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic with an enhanced anti
      pseudomonal activity, was tested in vitro against a variety of reptilian
      bacterial isolates. Blood concentrations of this antibiotic were determined in
      clinically ill snakes following an intramuscular injection at a dose rate of 20
      mg kg-1. Peak plasma levels of up to 70.5 micrograms ml-1 were reached one to
      eight hours after the injection and therapeutic plasma levels were maintained for
      at least 96 hours. A series of snakes treated with ceftazidime at a dose rate of
      20 mg kg-1 every 72 hours showed a rapid and obvious clinical response to
      treatment. The snakes were maintained at 30 degrees C during treatment and the
      effect of environmental temperature on antibiotic half-life is discussed.
      Ceftazidime proved to be a highly active antibiotic against the bacteria known to
      cause disease in reptiles, with no obvious adverse effects having been so far
      described.

PMID- 6369459
TI  - Small filter membrane bags for the study of antibiotic action in the digestive
      tract: bioavailability and in situ activity of oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol,
      neomycin and gentamicin in the pig caecum.
AB  - Observations were made for two consecutive days on the disposition of
      oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, neomycin and gentamicin through the digestive
      tract of pigs given an oral drench. The effect of these antibiotics upon the
      colibacilli flora and upon an Escherichia coli 127 strain in small filter
      membrane bags placed into the caecum was also investigated. For chloramphenicol,
      inactivation by antibiotic resistant colibacilli and, for neomycin, losses of
      activity by digestive content may explain the lower concentrations obtained in
      the gut and the correlative lack of curative or preventive action against E coli
      127 in small bags. Tetracycline and gentamicin prevented growth of E coli 127
      from the second day.

PMID- 6369460
TI  - Respiratory adaptations in diving mammals.
AB  - This report examines the evidence for the presence of oxygen stores in the lungs,
      blood and systemic musculature of diving mammals, the modifications in the
      respiratory functions of blood that may be important in utilizing the lung and
      blood oxygen stores, and the potential importance of the oxygen stores and the
      respiratory functions of blood in supporting short-duration, aerobic dives.
      Increasing oxygen stores by increasing lung volume does not occur in diving
      mammals. The long-duration diving whales have small lung volumes which results in
      lung collapse during dives and the seals dive following partial expiration which
      produces the same effect. The short-duration diving dolphins, porpoises and
      rodents have lung volumes comparable to terrestrial mammals, dive following
      inspiration and appear to use the lungs as an oxygen store. Adaptations in the
      oxygen affinity of the blood parallel the modifications in lung volume. Where the
      lungs do not represent a potential oxygen store the oxygen affinity is low,
      maximizing the unloading of oxygen while maintaining a high tissue oxygen
      tension. Where the lungs do represent an oxygen store, the affinity is high,
      maximizing the uptake of oxygen from the alveolar space. Increases in the
      concentration of respiratory pigment in the blood and in muscle are important
      adaptations in diving mammals. The blood oxygen stores in diving mammals vary
      from near normal to over three times normal for terrestrial mammals while the
      muscle oxygen stores vary from near normal to nearly ten times normal. The degree
      to which the blood and muscle oxygen stores are increased can be equated to the
      duration of the dive and demands for oxygen; longer duration divers and those
      with higher metabolic demands have greater oxygen stores than divers that remain
      submersed for shorter periods or have lower rates of oxygen utilization.

PMID- 6369461
TI  - The effect of hyperinflation on lung elasticity in healthy subjects.
AB  - In acute severe asthma, lung distensibility may increase. To determine whether
      hyperinflation alone can increase lung distensibility acutely total lung capacity
      (TLC) and static volume-pressure (VP) properties were measured in six healthy
      subjects after quiet breathing, and two periods of hyperinflation of 20-60 min,
      with negative pressure assistance at the chest wall (NPA) in one period and
      positive airways pressure assistance (PPA) in the other. In five subjects there
      was no change with NPA; with PPA lung volume at a static transpulmonary pressure
      of 10 cm H2O (VL 10) increased by 0.3 L (P less than 0.01) and K, the shape
      constant of an exponential function fitted to the deflation VP curve, increased
      (P less than 0.001) without a change in TLC. In Subject 6, with both NPA and PPA,
      VL 10 increased by 1.3 L (P less than 0.001). K increased (P less than 0.001 with
      NPA; P less than 0.05 with PPA) and TLC increased (P less than 0.001 with NPA; P
      less than 0.01 with PPA); volume hysteresis was unchanged. The small increase of
      lung distensibility in five subjects after PPA we attribute to decreased
      pulmonary blood volume; in Subject 6 the changes with hyperinflation suggest
      decreased tissue forces. We conclude that hyperinflation can cause an acute
      increase in lung distensibility in some individuals. The variable response
      between subjects parallels that seen in asthma.

PMID- 6369462
TI  - [Results of treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis with Voltaren SR and
      Metindol].

PMID- 6369463
TI  - [Results of treatment of reflex algodystrophy of the limbs with propranolol-Polfa
      and griseofulvin].

PMID- 6369464
TI  - [Therapeutic value of levamisole in rheumatoid arthritis in the light of clinical
      and laboratory studies].

PMID- 6369465
TI  - [Comparative clinical evaluation of the preparations Feldene-Pfizer and Ibuprofen
      Polfa in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis].

PMID- 6369466
TI  - [Antinuclear antibody profile in progressive systemic sclerosis. A multicenter
      study].

PMID- 6369467
TI  - [Results of 2 chemotherapy protocols (VPA and C-VPA) in acute adult lymphoblastic
      leukemia].

PMID- 6369468
TI  - [Alcoholic ketoacidosis. Report of a case and physiopathologic considerations].

PMID- 6369469
TI  - [Comparison of 2 rapid methods for revealing the presence of toxicogenic fungi].

PMID- 6369470
TI  - [Incidence of Salmonella in raw meat. Effect of enrichment on the recovery of the
      microorganism].

PMID- 6369471
TI  - How much of the placebo 'effect' is really statistical regression?
AB  - Statistical regression to the mean predicts that patients selected for abnormalcy
      will, on the average, tend to improve. We argue that most improvements attributed
      to the placebo effect are actually instances of statistical regression. First,
      whereas older clinical trials susceptible to regression resulted in a marked
      improvement in placebo-treated patients, in a modern series of clinical trials
      whose design tended to protect against regression, we found no significant
      improvement (median change 0.3 per cent, p greater than 0.05) in placebo-treated
      patients. Secondly, regression can yield sizeable improvements, even among
      biochemical tests. Among a series of 15 biochemical tests, theoretical estimates
      of the improvement due to regression by selection of patients as high abnormals
      (i.e. 3 standard deviations above the mean) ranged from 2.5 per cent for serum
      sodium to 26 per cent for serum lactate dehydrogenase (median 10 per cent);
      empirical estimates ranged from 3.8 per cent for serum chloride to 37.3 per cent
      for serum phosphorus (median 9.5 per cent). Thus, we urge caution in interpreting
      patient improvements as causal effects of our actions and should avoid the
      conceit of assuming that our personal presence has strong healing powers.

PMID- 6369472
TI  - Measuring and analysing quality of life in cancer clinical trials: a review.
AB  - After brief consideration of the definition of the term 'quality of life',
      methods previously adopted and problems encountered in assessing and evaluating
      quality of life in clinical studies of cancer are reviewed. Desirable properties
      of any such assessment methods and approaches to the analysis of quality of life
      data are discussed. Illustrations are provided by reference to the methods of
      assessment of quality of life incorporated in two recently-initiated studies of
      cancer treatment.

PMID- 6369474
TI  - [Effect of non-prescription soporific on the sleep polygram of healthy
      volunteers].

PMID- 6369475
TI  - [AIDS--a new immunodeficiency syndrome].

PMID- 6369473
TI  - Analysing antibody response based on data obtained from serial dilution methods.
AB  - We identify several problem areas in statistical analyses of data obtained from
      serial dilution methods in serology. We provide the mathematical backgrounds of
      the key elements involved in this field of study and discuss the statistical
      considerations. The problem areas include the use of the geometric mean as an
      expression of the average of a set of observations, the use of fold increase to
      measure antibody response, and the statistical analysis of the change in antibody
      response with respect to other variables, such as age and pre-titer levels.

PMID- 6369476
TI  - [Therapy-resistant, chronic functional pain. An integrated model for treatment -
      design and initial results].

PMID- 6369478
TI  - Present status of the management of patients with defective phagocyte function.

PMID- 6369477
TI  - Immunization and military medicine.
AB  - This lecture, a memorial to Joseph E. Smadel, reviews the involvement of the
      military in the development and use of immunizing materials. Smallpox and
      smallpox immunization in the military and the development and present status of
      immunization against typhoid, cholera, yellow fever, typhus, tetanus, diphtheria,
      plague, influenza, adenovirus, meningitis, rubella, and malaria are reviewed. Dr.
      Smadel's personal contributions to the significant achievements of the military
      program to civilian practice are emphasized.

PMID- 6369479
TI  - Classics in infectious diseases. "On abscesses". Alexander Ogston (1844-1929).

PMID- 6369480
TI  - The acylampicillins: mezlocillin, piperacillin, and azlocillin.
AB  - The new acylampicillin derivatives azlocillin, mezlocillin, and piperacillin have
      an increased activity against many gram-negative bacilli, especially Klebsiella
      pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, when compared with
      the carboxypenicillins carbenicillin and ticarcillin. The new penicillins show
      synergistic activity in combination with aminoglycosides but, when combined with
      other beta-lactams, may be synergistic (piperacillin and moxalactam; mezlocillin
      and cefoperazone), indifferent, or antagonistic (azlocillin, mezlocillin, or
      piperacillin and cefoxitin or cefamandole). The in vitro activity of these
      agents, either alone or in combination, appears to correlate with in vivo
      efficacy in animal models. The new penicillins are clinically effective for a
      very broad range of infections, including life-threatening nosocomial infections.
      Adverse effects with these, as with other semisynthetic penicillins, are minimal.
      Attention must be paid to the potential for infection by naturally resistant,
      gram-negative bacilli such as beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and for
      the emergence of resistance during therapy. The granulocytopenic patient should
      receive these agents only in conjunction with another agent, such as an
      aminoglycoside; this combination will often result in a synergistic effect when
      tested in vitro. The carboxypenicillins and the newer penicillins have
      substantial similarities, and prospective, comparative studies have so far failed
      to demonstrate significant clinical superiority. However, the increased activity
      of the acylampicillins may be advantageous for the treatment of infections due to
      K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa.

PMID- 6369481
TI  - Interleukin-1.
AB  - For the past 30 years, considerable experimentation on the mechanisms of host
      responses to infection has centered on soluble products derived from phagocytic
      cells. The biologic activities of some of these products include fever mediated
      by endogenous pyrogen (EP) and induction of acute-phase responses by leukocytic
      endogenous mediator (LEM), EP and LEM have been characterized and purified and
      appear to be closely related, if not identical, molecules. Lymphocyte-activating
      factor (LAF), a recently described polypeptide that acts on lymphocytes, shares
      many of the physical properties of EP and LEM; when incubated with lymphocytes,
      purified EP/LEM is indistinguishable from LAF. The term interleukin-1 (IL-1) is
      now used to describe LAF, EP, and LEM as a single molecule or as a family of
      closely related molecules, although at present there is no known sequence
      analysis of EP, LEM, or LAF. In this review, experimental and clinical data are
      presented that link mediation of host responses to infection and inflammation to
      the production and activity of IL-1. Cell sources and inducers of IL-1 are
      discussed, as are its chemical nature and mechanisms of action. In addition, the
      importance of IL-1 and its effects on host defense mechanisms are presented. For
      example, how IL-1-mediated responses, such as elevated temperature, lymphocyte
      activation, and systemic metabolic changes, alter the host as well as the
      invading microbe are considered. The conclusions of this review are (1) that IL-1
      is a key mediator of host responses to microbial invasion, (2) that IL-1
      represents a true hormone produced during infection and inflammation, and (3)
      that its biologic activities account for several aspects of the acute-phase
      reaction.

PMID- 6369482
TI  - Oral candidiasis: pathogenesis and host defense.
AB  - Oral candidiasis is a common problem, frequently presenting as a chronic
      recurring infection. Oral infection is a potential reservoir of organisms for
      severe, spreading, local disease and systemic disease in the compromised host.
      Nonspecific local oral factors in host defense include the epithelial barrier,
      flow or saliva, microbial interactions, antimicrobial constituents of saliva,
      lysozyme, lactoferrin, the lactoperoxidase system, levels of iron, and salivary
      glycoproteins. Immunoglobins are present in saliva, but their role is poorly
      understood. The activity of antibody against Candida on oral mucosal surfaces may
      not be mediated by complement and phagocyte activity. Specific antibodies against
      Candida may function by aggregating the organisms and preventing mucosal
      adherence of the fungi.

PMID- 6369483
TI  - [Dental hypnosis].

PMID- 6369484
TI  - [Protozoosis and immunodepression. Clinical approach].

PMID- 6369485
TI  - [Who do you owe it to?].

PMID- 6369486
TI  - [Education of diabetic patients in the Regional Hospital Center in Dijon].

PMID- 6369487
TI  - [A comparative study of 2 technics of urine collection for bacteriologic culture
      in women].

PMID- 6369488
TI  - Indirect immunofluorescence test for antimalarial antibodies. Influence of
      temperature, time of incubation, and presence of cell monolayers on the antigenic
      characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum matured "in vitro".

PMID- 6369489
TI  - In vitro action of three benzo (de) isoquinoline-1,3-dione derivatives against
      Trypanosoma cruzi.

PMID- 6369491
TI  - [Serological survey for research on visceral leishmaniasis in an urban dog
      population of the municipality of Sao Paulo, Brazil (1979-1982)].

PMID- 6369490
TI  - [Treatment of ancylostomiasis, ascaridiasis and trichocephaliasis with
      albendazole or mebendazole].

PMID- 6369492
TI  - [The molecular basis for increased rigidity of the erythrocyte membrane].
AB  - The red blood cell membrane is built on a bilayer lipid matrix associated with
      proteins. Proteins are located either within the bilayer lipid matrix (intrinsic
      proteins) or are attached to the hydrophilic surfaces of the bilayer lipid matrix
      (extrinsic proteins). Intrinsic proteins are held in position by a cytoskeleton.
      Modifications in both membrane lipids or proteins may alter the red blood cell
      membrane deformability. The role of the following factors, alone or in
      combination, in increasing the membrane rigidity, is discussed and reviewed:
      cholesterol/phospholipids ratio, polyunsaturated fatty acids content,
      phosphatidylethanolamine methylation, increased intracellular Ca++, protein
      phosphorylation, membrane protein cross-linking and membrane lipid peroxidation.

PMID- 6369494
TI  - [Effects of insulin on the deformability of normal erythrocytes suspended on
      artificial tampons, in normal plasma and plasma of diabetic patients].
AB  - The effect of different insulin concentrations on the deformability of normal red
      blood cells resuspended in different media was studied in vitro. Insulin enhances
      red blood cell deformability measured by the filtration method and the observed
      increases are directly correlated with insulin concentrations. When red blood
      cells are resuspended in plasma of diabetic patients, the red blood cell
      filterability through Nucleopore filters is slower than that observed by
      resuspending the erythrocytes in normal plasma. This suggests that the plasma of
      diabetic patients contains an unknown factor able to reduce red blood cell
      deformability.

PMID- 6369493
TI  - [The physiopathological basis for hemorrheological changes in diabetes].
AB  - Changes in blood viscosity and blood rheology have been reported in patients with
      diabetes mellitus. Rheology of blood flow in microcirculation is influenced by
      both general properties of blood (the so-called structural viscosity) and local
      conditions such as vessel size, blood flow rate, local pH and especially the
      presence of platelet aggregates. In patients affected by diabetes mellitus with
      or without vascular complications and in patients with impaired glucose
      tolerance, platelet hypercoagulability and hyperaggregability and a reduced
      prostacyclin production are present. Each one among these alterations can affect
      the rheology of blood flow. As a consequence of the blood clotting activation,
      plasma concentration of soluble fibrin complexes is increased and it can be
      responsible for an increase in plasma viscosity. Moreover, the increased tendency
      of platelets to aggregate observed in diabetes mellitus may result in the
      formation of aggregates which markedly increase viscosity in microcirculation.
      Finally, the reduced prostacyclin formation may be responsible for the reduction
      of erythrocyte deformability. Thus, changes in blood viscosity and rheological
      blood flow disturbances can be considered as a consequence of hemostatic system
      alterations.

PMID- 6369495
TI  - [Effect of prostacyclin on erythrocyte deformability and blood viscosity].
AB  - The aim of our research was to investigate the effect of prostacyclin (PGI2) on
      red blood cell deformability and blood viscosity. Ten non-smokers healthy
      subjects (aged from 25 to 40) were examined. Different PGI2 concentrations were
      added to the blood sample and then red blood cell deformability and blood
      viscosity were measured: 1.2 and 2.4 ng/ml PGI2 concentrations, corresponding to
      plasma PGI2-like activity in man, increased red blood cell deformability and
      reduced blood viscosity. The PGI2 capacity of affecting red blood cell
      deformability and blood viscosity seems to be of clinical interest in conditions
      where the PGI2 production is reduced, such as ischemic heart disease, peripheral
      artery disease and diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6369496
TI  - Red blood cell microrheology (clinical and pharmacological applications).
AB  - In order to understand blood circulation, knowledge of the rheological properties
      of blood is required. However, the characteristic parameters which must be
      considered differ according to the circulatory region investigated. A distinction
      must therefore be made between the macrorheological parameters (viscosity,
      viscoelasticity) and the microrheological parameters (aggregation, cell
      deformability). As far as the microrheological parameters are concerned, red
      blood cell deformability is quite definitely the most important parameter in any
      physiopathological study of capillary circulation and the resulting exchanges.
      The main intrinsic parameters of red blood cell deformability are: inner
      viscosity of the cell, surface/volume ratio and membrane properties related to
      the lipid bilayer or to the cytoskeleton. Abnormal erythrocyte microrheology may
      result form alterations any one of these three parameters and would affect the
      ability of the cell to transit in the capillaries. Disturbances of red blood cell
      deformability are encountered in many clinical cases, mainly during anomalies
      relating to hemoglobin structure or its oxygen affinity, in constitutional
      deficiency of the membrane and during degenerative cardiovascular diseases or
      diseases which are considered to be atherosclerosis risk factors.

PMID- 6369498
TI  - N. Gh. Lupu--a tribute.

PMID- 6369497
TI  - [The influence of hemorrheology on the practice of clinical medicine].
AB  - Hemorheological considerations are beginning to alter routine clinical practice.
      A hemorheological defect may play a primary etiological role not only in
      classical diseases like polycythemia, but also in conditions such as essential
      hypertension and non-coronary angina. Hemorheological abnormalities may also play
      a part in arterial thrombosis through a number of mechanisms, and are a frequent
      accompaniment in many cases of atherosclerosis, where they carry a bad prognosis.
      Our new awareness of the dangers of a high hematocrit, even in the normal range,
      has had widespread consequences on the management of not only all kinds of
      ischemic disease, but also for instance on surgical practice in general. Finally,
      hemorheological treatment has much wider applications than simply in conditions
      where a hemorheological abnormality has been detected. Treatment aimed at
      improving the flow properties of blood, whether by drugs, hemodilution or
      plasmapheresis, may also be the most practical and effective therapy for ischemia
      due to insufficient blood flow down narrowed arteries.

PMID- 6369499
TI  - The dynamic of impaired glucose tolerance in women with fetal gigantism.
AB  - In a group of 51 women who had given birth to giant children, the glucose
      tolerance test (GTT) was performed at entry in the study and after intervals of 6
      to 12 years. The results of the first determination, estimated according to the
      WHO's criteria (1980), have revealed an impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in 7
      cases (14%); the second determination showed IGT in 10 cases (20%) and diabetes
      mellitus in 2 (4%). Insulinemia assays, concomitant with the second performance
      of GTT, showed the highest values in the diabetic subjects, moderate values in
      those with IGT, and low values in those with normal glucose tolerance. The
      presence of obesity in some cases could not be considered as fully responsible
      for the glucose tolerance impairment in the women with fetal gigantism. The
      dynamics of glucose tolerance disorders showed variations in time, i.e. the
      initial pathologic changes were no more recorded on the second testing in the
      same subjects, while women with normal initial GTT showed high insulinemia or IGT
      on the second determination.

PMID- 6369500
TI  - [Double half-body radiotherapy in myeloma].
AB  - Seven patients with advanced multiple myeloma, failing to respond (1 case) or
      relapsing (6 cases) after conventional chemotherapy with melphalan,
      cyclophosphamide and prednisone, were treated with double half-body irradiation.
      Two patients died before the irradiation could be completed. The five patients
      who received the total dose of irradiation obtained a reduction in their tumour
      mass of between 40 and 80%. There was an incomplete and inconstant effect on pain
      and functional status. The haematological toxicity was marked and one patient
      died after 7 months from marrow failure. One of the four remaining patients
      relapsed after 3 months and the other three are still in remission after 6, 8 and
      10 months. In the present state of knowledge, double half-body irradiation should
      be considered to be a form of salvage treatment for myelomas not responding to
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 6369501
TI  - Circadian variations in plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and C-peptide
      concentrations in adult onset (type II) diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI), C-peptide and serum glucose concentrations
      were determined in 19 adult onset non-insulin dependent (type II) diabetics, in
      one adult onset diabetic on insulin and in 20 non-diabetic subjects matched for
      sex, age, weight and height. The subjects lived on a schedule of diurnal activity
      and nocturnal rest (21:00 to 06:00) at Berceni Clinical Hospital, Bucharest,
      Romania and ate three meals at 08:30, 13:00 and 18:30 and a snack at 10:00
      (carbohydrate content: 50 gm, 65 gm, 60 gm and 25 gm respectively). Nine of the
      diabetic patients were on oral hypoglycemic agents (tolbutamide or meguan), the
      others were controlled by diet only. Blood was sampled beginning at 08:00 at 4
      hourly intervals over a 24-hour span. The circadian variations of IRI, C-peptide
      and serum glucose were analysed by population mean cosinor. The non-insulin
      dependent diabetic subjects as a group and the matched non-diabetic subjects
      showed under the conditions of this study circadian variations in serum glucose,
      plasma IRI and C-peptide which were identical in timing (acrophase) and amplitude
      and with the exception of the much higher serum glucose concentrations in the
      diabetics, not significantly different in the circadian mean concentration (or
      mesor). The diabetics on oral hypoglycemic agents if investigated separately
      showed in spite of identical serum glucose concentration a statistically
      significantly lower circadian mean IRI and C-peptide concentration than either
      non-diabetic subjects or the diabetics treated by diet only. Acrophase and
      relative amplitude remained unchanged. Adult onset non-insulin dependent (type
      II) diabetics maintained on diet only show the same circadian variations in
      plasma IRI and C-peptide as non-diabetic matched for sex, age, height and weight.
      The adult onset diabetic on insulin showed an extremely high serum glucose
      concentration which varied in its timing over the 24-hr span similar to the other
      subjects. His plasma IRI concentration was about ten times that of the non
      diabetic or other diabetic subjects in this study. There was no statistically
      recognizable circadian variation of IRI. In contrast C-peptide was found at the
      same concentration as found in the other two groups and showed in all rhythm
      parameters an identical circadian variation. The circadian acrophase of plasma
      IRI and C-peptide concentrations in adult onset diabetics and the non-diabetics
      is the same.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6369502
TI  - Plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone in the adrenal cortex
      hyperactivity. Studies on 50 hypertensive patients.
AB  - The authors have studied on 50 patients hospitalized in the Adrenal Pathology
      unit of the Institute of Endocrinology, the etiopathogeny of arterial
      hypertension (AH) in hypercorticism and the therapeutic implications, arriving at
      the conclusion that in 20% of the cases AH was probably due to an increased
      activity of renin-angiotensin and in 47% to elevated levels of aldosterone. The
      authors hypothesize that AH in the remaining 30% of the hypercorticism cases in
      this study is due to other mineralocorticoids in excess and suggest that the
      treatment should be pathogenic and strictly individualized.

PMID- 6369503
TI  - Immunohistochemical demonstration of thyroglobulin in thyroid pathology.
AB  - Thyroglobulin (Tg) was detected by the immunoperoxidase method in the following
      thyroid diseases: euthyroid goiter, Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis,
      folliculo-papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, anaplastic carcinoma and
      medullary carcinoma. Thyroglobulin was present in all benign lesions. The highest
      immunohistochemical staining reaction was found in Graves' disease. In euthyroid
      goiter, some colloid-distended macrofollicles did not show any Tg staining. A
      heterogeneous pattern of Tg staining was displayed especially by thyroid
      carcinomas. In most cases of papillary and follicular carcinomas Tg was detected
      in some neoplastic cells and sometimes in the colloid. There were differences in
      Tg content between different fields of the same tumor. In all anaplastic
      carcinomas a negative Tg staining was found. Vizualization of Tg in thyroid
      carcinomas is important for estimating the degree of differentiation and for
      indicating the thyroidal origin of metastases of adenocarcinomas.

PMID- 6369504
TI  - Atherogenic risk in obese and in diabetic children.
AB  - By a complex biochemical, immunologic, morphohistochemical and ultrastructural
      study, carried out on a group of 42 obese and 38 diabetic children, comparatively
      with 12 normal controls, the authors arrive at conclusions which prove that
      obesity and diabetes mellitus carry great atherogenic risk factors. Even though
      the intimate atherogenesis mechanism is not perfectly known, the abnormal values
      of insulinemia, lipidemia and cortisolemia are certainly involved in this
      process. In diabetes mellitus the immunologic factor is also involved.
      Microangiopathy in diabetes mellitus and capillary lesions in the adipose tissue
      of obese children may also represent atherogenic risk factors. An efficient
      prophylaxis in atherosclerosis must therefore begin in childhood.

PMID- 6369505
TI  - [The LAI test and the mammography picture].

PMID- 6369506
TI  - [100 years of the Czech Ophthalmological Clinic].

PMID- 6369507
TI  - [Immunologic reactivity to a fraction obtained from LDV (lactate dehydrogenase
      viruses) in patients with long-term regressive intraocular changes].

PMID- 6369508
TI  - Acute appendicitis: epidemiology, diagnostic accuracy, and complications.

PMID- 6369509
TI  - Small-bowel bacterial overgrowth in the postgastrectomy syndrome.
AB  - Jejunal flora, bile acid deconjugation, and breath hydrogen (H2) and methane
      (CH4) excretion were studied in 22 Billroth II (BII)-operated patients with
      chronic postprandial symptoms, dumping (9), vomiting (7), pain (10), and
      diarrhoea (14). Sixteen were below 90% of desirable weight. Two control groups
      were included, one comprising 5 symptom-free, BII-operated volunteers and another
      comprising 12 healthy, unoperated volunteers. The numbers of bacteria recovered
      from jejunal secretions in the postgastrectomy patients did not differ
      significantly from those recovered in the symptom-free BII-operated controls but
      were significantly lower in the unoperated controls. Production of fermentation
      gas in anaerobic media supplemented with carbohydrates occurred in 17 of 22
      postgastrectomy patients and in 4 of 5 BII-operated controls but in none of the
      unoperated controls. Bacterial bile acid deconjugating activity did not differ
      significantly between the postgastrectomy patients and the BII-operated controls
      but was significantly lower in the unoperated controls. Breath H2 excretion after
      glucose ingestion was significantly higher in the postgastrectomy patients than
      in both the BII-operated and the unoperated controls. The addition of pectin or
      guar gum to the glucose meal largely prevented postprandial symptoms and breath
      hydrogen excretion. Six out of 12 postgastrectomy patients treated with
      metronidazole recorded symptomatic effects, mainly on diarrhoea. Our findings
      indicate that jejunal bacterial overgrowth may be a major cause of the symptoms
      in some postgastrectomy patients. The tests available for demonstration of small
      bowel bacterial overgrowth, perhaps with the exception of the glucose H2 breath
      test, did not differentiate satisfactorily between symptom-producing and non
      symptom-producing abnormal jejunal flora. Thus these tests may seem to have a
      limited practical diagnostic value in such patients.

PMID- 6369510
TI  - Bacterial overgrowth in jejunal and ileal disease.
AB  - The number of bacteria recovered in anaerobic cultures of jejunal secretions was
      significantly higher in a group of 10 patients with jejunal disease and
      stagnation of gut content in the proximal small bowel than in a group of 10
      patients with similar conditions in the distal ileum. Some overlap in bacterial
      numbers occurred between patients with jejunal disease, ileal disease, and
      healthy controls, whereas production of fermentation gas in anaerobic media
      supplemented with glucose occurred only in cultures from the patients with
      jejunal disease. The 14C-glycocholic acid test showed increased output of breath
      14CO2 in both patient groups, whereas faecal 14C was significantly increased only
      in patients with ileal disease. Increased breath hydrogen excretion after glucose
      ingestion was recorded in 8 of 10 patients with jejunal disease only. Breath
      methane excretion, previously found in 44% of healthy subjects, was absent in all
      of 28 patients with Crohn's disease of the small, indicating that these patients
      have a gut flora that is different from that of the healthy population.

PMID- 6369511
TI  - Reversal of psychopathology in adult coeliac disease with the aid of pyridoxine
      (vitamin B6).
AB  - Signs of mental depression are typical in adults presenting with coeliac disease.
      The response to treatment was evaluated in 12 consecutive patients by means of
      the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), with surgical patients
      serving as controls. The coeliacs reported no change in depressive symptoms after
      1 year's gluten withdrawal despite evidence of improvement in the small
      intestine. When retested after 3 years, however, after 6 months of 80 mg/day of
      oral pyridoxine (vitamin B6) therapy, they showed a fall in the score of scale 2
      ('depression') from 70 to 56 (p less than 0.01), which became normalized like
      other pretreatment abnormalities in the MMPI. Cholecystectomy in the control
      subjects produced no alterations in the MMPI profile. The results indicate a
      causal relationship between adult coeliac disease and concomitant depressive
      symptoms which seems to implicate metabolic effects from pyridoxine deficiency
      influencing central mechanisms regulating mood.

PMID- 6369512
TI  - Studies of antibodies to lipid A and Tamm-Horsfall in patients with inflammatory
      bowel disease.
AB  - Sera from patients with inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis (UC), or
      Crohn's disease (MC) were analysed for antibodies to lipid A and Tamm-Horsfall
      protein (TH), Escherichia coli O antigens, and food antigens, using enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay, indirect haemagglutination, and thin-layer immunoassay,
      respectively. C-reactive protein (CRP), an indicator of acute inflammation, was
      also studied. The MC and UC groups were not separated by any of the factors
      tested. The extent of the disease, however, seemed to influence the IgG antibody
      response to lipid A and TH. Patients with extended inflammatory areas in the
      intestine had decreased anti-lipid-A levels during the active phase of the
      disease compared with patients with less inflammation. In contrast, the IgG anti
      TH levels were increased in these patients during both the active and inactive
      phases compared with less affected patients. Compared with healthy individuals,
      MC or UC patients showed decreased IgG anti-lipid-A levels. Both IgG and IgA anti
      TH and total anti-O levels were increased compared with controls. Antibodies to
      cow's milk were lower in patients with inflammatory bowel disease than in the
      control group. CRP was increased in patients with active inflammatory bowel
      disease compared with inactive.

PMID- 6369513
TI  - Hepatic lectins. Concept, biochemistry, and role.

PMID- 6369514
TI  - Effect of pectin on gastric emptying and gut hormone release in the dumping
      syndrome.
AB  - The effect of pectin on gastric emptying, gut hormone release, and symptoms was
      studied in four patients with dumping syndrome and in two healthy volunteers
      after ingestion of a hypertonic glucose meal with and without addition of pectin.
      The initial fraction emptied from the stomach was reduced in the patients, whose
      symptoms of dumping were abolished or alleviated by pectin. This change of the
      emptying seems to be caused by a prolonged stomach transit, probably due to the
      viscous nature of the pectin meal. Pectin had no effect on the gastric emptying
      of the volunteers. The motor activity of the stomach was not altered by pectin in
      either the patients or volunteers. In the patients insulin, enteroglucagon,
      neurotensin, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide rose to higher levels after the
      glucose meal than after the glucose-pectin meal. The individual differences in
      the hormone release were considered secondary to the altered gastric emptying
      produced by pectin.

PMID- 6369515
TI  - The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in fulminant hepatic failure.
AB  - The relationship of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to blood pressure
      and sodium homeostasis and to renal function was investigated serially in 12
      patients with fulminant hepatic failure. The plasma concentrations of renin,
      angiotensin II, and aldosterone were, in most instances, markedly increased.
      Systolic blood pressure, which was often very low, showed a significant inverse
      relationship to the plasma renin concentration, suggesting that the marked
      stimulation of the system is a homeostatic response to hypotension. However, the
      plasma renin substrate concentration was markedly decreased, and the conversion
      of angiotensin II to inactive peptides increased, both of which may have severely
      limited the full 'expression' of the stimulated system. Renin and angiotensin II
      levels were both related to creatinine clearance, which was often reduced, but it
      is not clear as to which was cause and which effect. No relationship between the
      plasma aldosterone concentration and renal sodium excretion could be detected.

PMID- 6369516
TI  - Serum group I pepsinogens in unoperated duodenal ulcer patients and in duodenal
      ulcer patients after proximal gastric vagotomy.
AB  - Thirty-three duodenal ulcer patients (group A) were examined for gastric acid
      secretion capacity and serum group I pepsinogens (PG I) under basal conditions.
      Another group of 36 duodenal ulcer patients (group B), who had undergone proximal
      gastric vagotomy (PGV) 1 year previously, were similarly examined. Mean basal
      acid output, mean insulin-stimulated peak acid output, and mean pentagastrin
      stimulated peak acid output in the conservatively treated group were 4.5 meq/h,
      25.1 meq/h, and 34.4 meq/h, respectively. The corresponding values in the PGV
      group were 2.5 meq/h, 6.7 meq/h, and 18.5 meq/h. The mean serum PG I
      concentration in group A was 103.6 ng/ml and in group B 69.9 ng/ml, whereas the
      mean serum PG I concentration in 34 healthy control subjects was 47.9 ng/ml. The
      differences in serum PG I concentrations between all three groups were
      statistically significant (p less than 0.05). An elevated concentration of serum
      PG I is associated with clinical ulcer disease in unoperated patients, but the
      wide overlap in the PG I concentration area between duodenal ulcer patients and
      healthy persons limits the use of PG I determinations in disturbances of gastric
      acid secretion.

PMID- 6369518
TI  - The natural history of peptic ulcer--views in the 1980s.

PMID- 6369517
TI  - GIP and insulin responses to a test meal in healthy and obese subjects.
AB  - Twenty-three obese and 17 control subjects were studied after ingestion of a
      heavy breakfast. Blood samples were drawn before and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and
      180 min after the start of the meal. The m ean serum insulin level was
      significantly (p less than 0.02) higher in the obese than in the control group
      throughout the study, whereas the mean blood glucose concentration was
      significantly (p less than 0.02) higher in the obese group at 30, 60, and 90 min
      only. No significant differences between the two groups were noted in fasting or
      in postprandial plasma GIP, and it appears that hypersecretion of GIP is not
      responsible for the hyperinsulinemia seen in obesity.

PMID- 6369519
TI  - Mass screening for colorectal cancer.

PMID- 6369520
TI  - Tinidazole prophylaxis in appendicectomies. A controlled study of single-dose
      versus 3-day therapy.
AB  - The 588 consecutive patients who were operated on on suspicion of appendicitis
      were randomized into three groups: the control group (no prophylaxis); the single
      dose group (preoperatively 500 mg of tinidazole intravenously); and the 3-day
      group (in addition to the former, a 3-day tinidazole treatment). To discover any
      postoperative infectious complications, the patients' follow-up study was
      extended for at least 1 month. Such complications emerged in 12% of the patients
      in the control group, in 7% of those in the single-dose group, and in 5% of those
      in the 3-day group. A statistically significant difference in the incidence of
      infectious complications was established between the control group and the
      prophylaxis groups. The 3-day tinidazole treatment, as compared with the single
      dose prophylaxis, did not further improve the outcome. On the basis of these
      results the authors recommend that all patients subjected to an appendicectomy be
      given an intravenous tinidazole prophylaxis.

PMID- 6369521
TI  - Serum group I pepsinogens after consecutive stimulations with insulin and
      pentagastrin in unoperated duodenal ulcer patients and in duodenal ulcer patients
      after proximal gastric vagotomy.
AB  - Ten unoperated duodenal ulcer (DU) patients and 11 DU patients 1 year after
      proximal gastric vagotomy (PGV) were examined for gastric acid secretion and for
      serum group I pepsinogens (PG I) during basal conditions and after consecutive
      stimulations with insulin and pentagastrin. In unoperated DU patients insulin
      stimulation caused a significant increase both in gastric acid secretion and in
      serum PG I. In these patients a consecutive pentagastrin stimulation elicited a
      significant increase in gastric acid secretion but not in serum PG I. In patients
      after PGV, insulin stimulation caused a slight but significant increase in
      gastric acid secretion but not in serum PG I. In these patients a consecutive
      pentagastrin stimulation caused a significant increase both in gastric acid
      secretion and in serum PG I. Two of the operated patients had negative and nine
      had positive responses to the postoperative insulin test. According to this
      study, in consecutive stimulation with insulin and pentagastrin the effect of
      pentagastrin on serum PG I is inhibited by preceding insulin stimulation in DU
      patients. By PGV the effect of insulin on serum PG I is eliminated. and then a
      subsequent pentagastrin stimulation elicits a significant rise in serum PG I. As
      a test of the completeness of PGV, the serum PG I response to insulin-induced
      hypoglycemia seems to be less sensitive than the gastric acid response.

PMID- 6369522
TI  - Additional antacid does not increase the effect of cimetidine in gastric ulcer
      disease.
AB  - Eighty-one adult outpatients with endoscopically confirmed gastric ulceration
      were treated with cimetidine (1 g/day). In addition, the patients were allocated
      at random to either intensive antacid treatment or placebo treatment. This part
      of the study was double-blind. It was found that additional antacid treatment had
      no effect on ulcer healing and symptoms in cimetidine-treated gastric ulcer
      patients. The results were similar in patients with corpus ulcers and patients
      with prepyloric ulcers.

PMID- 6369523
TI  - Evidence of increased intestinal synthesis and extracellular deposition of IgM in
      primary biliary cirrhosis. An immunofluorescence study of liver and small
      intestinal biopsy specimens.
AB  - Direct immunofluorescence showed intense extracellular granular deposition of IgM
      and C3 in liver and small-intestinal biopsy specimens from patients with primary
      biliary cirrhosis. In contrast, IgM deposits were not observed in liver tissue
      from patients with other liver diseases, whereas small-intestinal IgM deposits
      were seen also in 2 of 17 patients with various intestinal disorders. The tissue
      deposition of IgM did not vary with plasma IgM levels, degree of cholestasis, or
      histological stage of the disease but seemed to reflect an abnormal property of
      the IgM molecule. The number of IgM-positive mononuclear cells in intestinal
      mucosa from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis was markedly increased,
      suggesting increased local synthesis of IgM. Deposition of IgM with complement
      activating ability might contribute to the development of tissue damage in
      primary biliary cirrhosis. In addition, the apparent specificity of these IgM
      deposits in liver for primary biliary cirrhosis might be of diagnostic value when
      histological classification is difficult.

PMID- 6369524
TI  - Glucocorticosteroids in renal transplantation. II. Impact of high- versus low
      dose postoperative methylprednisolone administration on graft survival and on the
      frequency and type of complications.
AB  - In a previous clinical trial we demonstrated that, by increasing the
      postoperative administration of methylprednisolone from 1.0 to 3.5 mg/kg/day, the
      onset of the first inflammatory rejection episode was significantly delayed and
      the size of the inflammation was reduced. The 'high initial' steroid treatment
      specifically depleted blast cells and macrophages from the in situ inflammatory
      infiltrate. In this trial we demonstrate that the 'high initial'
      glucocorticosteroid administration significantly improves 1-year cadaver
      allograft survival from 44% to 68% (P = 0.003) without increasing the number of
      complications. Although the 'high initial' steroid administration only partially
      overcomes the impact of HLA-AB incompatibility, it seems to overcome entirely the
      impact of absence of blood transfusions. The 'high initial' steroid
      administration also makes the first episodes of inflammation easier to overcome:
      less steroids are needed to counteract the first rejection, and, as a
      consequence, only 30% more steroids were used in the 'high initial' versus the
      'low initial' steroid programme.

PMID- 6369525
TI  - Some general surgical principles as applied to aesthetic surgery.
AB  - Control of bleeding is a keystone in surgery. Hemostasis usually leaves dead
      tissue behind. The use of fibrinogen-thrombin-spray may become an alternative to
      ligation and electrocoagulation. As pressure prevents the proliferation of
      fibroblasts, tight suturing may delay wound healing. It is proposed that facial
      injuries often heal with scarcely visible scars because the suturing becomes
      slack as oedema subsides.

PMID- 6369527
TI  - Cardiac output and gas exchange during heavy exercise with a positive pressure
      respiratory protective apparatus.
AB  - Cardiac output and gas exchange during heavy exercise with a positive pressure
      respiratory protective apparatus. Scand j work environ health 9 (1983) 471-477.
      Continuous positive pressure breathing effectively prevents inward leakage of
      noxious agents into a breathing apparatus but may interfere with venous return
      and cardiorespiratory performance during heavy work. Cardiac output was therefore
      recorded with a dye dilution method, and ventilatory variables were measured from
      expired air, for seven well-trained firemen at a work load of 150 W. All the
      variables except the invasive ones were also measured during the maximal work
      load that each subject could sustain for 10 min. At random the subjects worked
      with a mouthpiece and a face mask with and without a positive pressure of 0.4
      kPa. No variable deteriorated during positive pressure breathing, although the
      central venous oxygen pressure increased, an occurrence indicating higher cardiac
      output in relation to oxygen demand. Dead space ventilation decreased, an
      indication of increased ventilatory efficiency. Positive pressure breathing (0.4
      kPa) thus does not deteriorate cardiopulmonary function during intermediate or
      maximal work loads.

PMID- 6369526
TI  - Pulmonary function and concentrations of alpha 1-antitrypsin and immunoglobulin E
      in workers exposed to pancreatic enzymes.
AB  - Fourteen workers exposed to pancreatic enzymes in tanneries were studied by
      interview, spirometry, and the single-breath nitrogen washout technique. Blood
      concentrations of alpha 1-antitrypsin and immunoglobulin E (IgE) were determined.
      For each exposed subject a nonexposed referent was selected, matched by sex, age,
      height and smoking habits. Symptoms in the airways were reported by four of the
      14 subjects when weighing pancreatic enzymes. The exposed group did not show any
      deterioration in pulmonary volumes, forced expiratory flow, airway closure, or
      gas distribution when compared to the referents. The exposed group had
      significantly higher plasma levels of alpha 1-antitrypsin than the referents.
      This elevation might be a compensatory response to increased levels of proteases
      within the lungs. The serum levels of IgE did not differ between the groups.

PMID- 6369528
TI  - Urinary excretion of proteins in chromeplaters, exchromeplaters and referents.
AB  - Urinary excretion of proteins in chromeplaters, exchromeplaters and referents.
      Scand j work environ health 9 (1983) 505-510. beta 2-microglobulin was measured
      in the urine of 24 presently exposed chromeplaters, 27 previously exposed
      chromeplaters, and 37 referents. The concentration of beta 2-microglobulin and
      the number of "elevated" values (greater than 0.30 mg/l) was higher in the
      presently exposed group than in the referents. Within the presently exposed group
      there was a dose-effect relation between the concentration of hexavalent chromium
      in air and the number of elevated values of urinary beta 2-microglobulin.
      However, no difference between the previously exposed chromeplaters and the
      referents could be demonstrated regarding urinary beta 2-microglobulin. There
      were no indications that the exposure could raise the excretion of albumin in
      urine. The results seem to indicate an acute effect on the kidney tubules, which
      is reversible even in workers who have had a relatively high exposure to chromic
      acid.

PMID- 6369529
TI  - [The value of heparin-dihydergot in the prevention of thromboembolic
      complications].
AB  - 57 papers dealing with the prevention of postoperative thromboembolic
      complications have been analyzed. They comprise 28 prospective, randomized,
      comparative studies using objective diagnostic techniques. 2 X 5000 IU daily of
      heparin-DHE lowers the incidence of deep vein thrombosis in general surgery,
      thoracic surgery and gynecology significantly better than 2 X 5000 IU heparin
      alone. In hip surgery 3 X 5000 IU heparin-DHE is more effective than the same
      amount of heparin alone. In the entire field of orthopedic surgery, heparin-DHE,
      in a dosage of 2 X 5000 IU, lowers the incidence of fatal pulmonary emboli just
      as well as dextran 70. With regard to prevention of deep vein thrombosis in
      general surgery, there is no statistically significant difference between
      prevention with 2 X 2500 IU heparin-DHE and 2 X 5000 IU heparin. 2 X 2500 IU
      heparin-DHE significantly lowers the incidence of bleeding complications in
      general surgery, as evaluated in double-blind studies and compared to 2 X 5000 IU
      heparin alone.

PMID- 6369530
TI  - [Non-secreting myeloma. Case report with immunohistologic and electron
      microscopic studies].
AB  - Immunological, immunofluorescence and electromicroscopic studies were performed
      in a case of atypical myeloma. The 77-year-old patient presented with skeletal
      pain, multiple osteolytic lesions and bone marrow infiltration by atypical plasma
      cells. Monoclonal light chains kappa were confined to the plasma cells, as shown
      by immunofluorescence. No monoclonal immunoglobulin or fragments were detected in
      plasma or concentrated urine, even by highly sensitive immunological methods. The
      concentration of the immunoglobulins G, A and M in the plasma was markedly
      reduced. The plasma cells contained very little sarcoplasmatic reticulum. The
      simultaneous occurrence of monoclonal light chains kappa in the plasma cells and
      the absence of monoclonal immunoglobulins or fragments in plasma and urine
      suggest a non-secretory myeloma.

PMID- 6369531
TI  - [Metabolic effects of gliclazide in diabetes type II patients. Study with
      indirect calorimetry].
AB  - An attempt is made to determine the effect of treatment with gliclazide on the
      manner in which obese patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes dispose of an
      oral glucose load. Six patients were studied on two occasions - once after one
      month of an isocaloric diet containing 40% carbohydrate, and two months after
      gliclazide had been added. Body weight remained constant throughout the three
      months. However, fasting plasma glucose concentration fell and mean (+/- SEM)
      incremental insulin response to oral glucose increased significantly (p less than
      0.05) with drug therapy (51.1 +/- 14.6 microU/ml vs 17.1 +/- 1.5 microU/ml).
      Glucose oxidation significantly improved after gliclazide treatment (16.9 +/- 2.4
      g/3 h vs 7.5 +/- 2.1 g/3 h, p less than 0.02) in parallel with the fall in plasma
      glucose and the increase in insulin response. In addition, glucose storage
      significantly increased after drug therapy (44.1 +/- 10.1 g/3 h vs 28.4 +/- 7.2
      g/3 h, p less than 0.001). In contrast, lipid oxidation fell with gliclazide
      treatment (7.2 +/- 0.7 g/2 h vs 12.0 +/- 1.7 g/3 h, p less than 0.02). This
      effect may be explained by improvement of the antilipolytic effect of insulin. In
      conclusion, improvement in glucose oxidation (25%) and in glucose storage (55%),
      together with reduced lipid oxidation, was observed after two months of
      gliclazide therapy.

PMID- 6369533
TI  - [Long-term follow-up of patients wearing lower partial dentures (Kennedy
      Applegate class I) (1)].

PMID- 6369532
TI  - [A prospective, randomized comparative study between cefazolin and cefuroxime as
      perioperative antibiotic prevention in cardiovascular surgery].
AB  - In a randomized prospective study, two different regimens of antibiotic
      prophylaxis have been tested: 4-day cefazolin prophylaxis (Kefzol, 0.5 g every 6
      h) compared with 2-day cefuroxime administration (Zinacef, 1.5 g every 12 h). A
      total of 569 patients in the two groups were studied over a 10 months' period.
      Hematological, liver-function, serum creatinine and urea measurements were
      performed preoperatively and repeated daily for the first four days and after one
      week. At least five chest X-rays were taken during the hospitalization. Body
      temperature was measured regularly every two hours in the ICU and at least twice
      daily thereafter. The wounds were examined daily and the patients were carefully
      observed for other infections. Bacteriological examinations of the tips of all
      inserted catheters and pacemaker wires were undertaken on removal in the first
      four months of the trial. Swabs of any tracheal or wound secretion or pus were
      taken for bacteriological examinations, and blood cultures were performed for any
      suspected septicemia. Of the 569 patients, 3 had to be withdrawn from the study.
      Of the assessable patients, 285 received cefuroxime and 281 were given cefazolin.
      Seven patients (1.2%) died intra- or postoperatively. The total infection rate
      was 5.5%; 5.7% in the cefazolin group and 5.3% in the cefuroxime group. The
      overall wound infection rate was 1.8%; 2.5% in the cefazolin group and 1.1% in
      the cefuroxime group. Septicemia occurred in 0.5%, pneumonia in 11 patients
      (1.9%); 1.5% in the cefazolin and 2.5% in the cefuroxime group. Seven patients
      (1.2%) developed a urinary tract infection; 1.4% on the cefazolin group and 1.1%
      in the cefuroxime group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6369535
TI  - [Basic aspects of vaccination against neonatal Escherichia coli diarrhea in
      pigs].

PMID- 6369534
TI  - [Determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration for mastitis pathogens in
      cattle].

PMID- 6369536
TI  - [Epidemiology of resistance to mastitis pathogens in Switzerland].

PMID- 6369537
TI  - Epidemiological monitoring: methods for analysing routinely-collected data.
AB  - Morbidity and mortality statistics are routinely collected in many countries.
      These data may be arranged in a number of ways, for example, classified by area
      of residence, or occupation of the person concerned, or by the time-period during
      which the relevant event occurred. Judicious use of such data enables disease to
      be monitored and may draw attention to the adverse effects of harmful agents in
      the environment. This paper describes the different methods of analysing data for
      such purposes, giving examples of their application and discussing their relative
      merits. Particular reference is made to the data-collecting systems in England
      and Wales and to the statistical aspects of monitoring disease.

PMID- 6369539
TI  - NIH rejects modified plan to clone shiga toxin.

PMID- 6369538
TI  - Evolution of proteolytic enzymes.
AB  - Proteolytic enzymes have many physiological functions, ranging from generalized
      protein digestion to more specific regulated processes such as the activation of
      zymogens, blood coagulation and the lysis of fibrin clots, the release of
      hormones and pharmacologically active peptides from precursor proteins, and the
      transport of secretory proteins across membranes. They are present in all forms
      of living organisms. Comparisons of amino acid sequences, three-dimensional
      structures, and enzymatic reaction mechanisms of proteases indicate that there
      are distinct families of these proteins. Changes in molecular structure and
      function have accompanied the evolution of proteolytic enzymes and their
      inhibitors, each having relatively simple roles in primitive organisms and more
      diverse and more complex functions in higher organisms.

PMID- 6369540
TI  - New clues to gene regulation.

PMID- 6369541
TI  - Suppression of prolactin in pigs by Escherichia coli endotoxin.
AB  - An endotoxin produced by Escherichia coli caused a decrease in prolactin
      concentrations in the plasma of sows when given at low dosages 2 days postpartum.
      Five to tenfold increases occurred in the plasma cortisol concentrations. Piglet
      growth, used as an indicator of milk secretion by the sows, was significantly
      depressed after the endotoxin administration. Some cases of lactation failure in
      the periparturient sow may thus be due to endotoxins suppressing prolactin
      concentrations. This appears to be the first report of a bacterial endotoxin
      having an effect on prolactin in any species.

PMID- 6369542
TI  - The "true speckled" antinuclear antibody (ANA) pattern: its tumultuous history.

PMID- 6369543
TI  - Arthroscopy of the knee.
AB  - There has been remarkable advancement in arthroscopy of the knee since Watanabe's
      21 arthroscope in 1959. Our understanding of knee pathology has been advanced and
      new syndromes have been described. The internal structures of the knee can now be
      visualized with magnification-promoting diagnostics. Equipment has been designed
      specifically for knee arthroscopy, allowing for advances in technical procedures
      and for surgery not heretofore anticipated. Skilled arthroscopists can perform
      meniscectomy routinely. The next few years should allow development of
      instruments for continued advancement of techniques and also to allow clinical
      research to assess the value of many of the procedures in use today. Arthroscopy,
      both diagnostic and therapeutic, is a safe procedure with minimum morbidity.
      Moreover, in the near future, arthroscopy will assuredly advance to become
      routine in several other joint, particularly the ankle and shoulder.

PMID- 6369544
TI  - Natural history of spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SONK): a review.

PMID- 6369545
TI  - Radionuclide detection of blood-retinal barrier disruption in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of blindness in the United
      States today. Because early treatment of proliferative retinopathy offers the
      best chance for visual salvation, there is an essential need for methods of
      identifying eyes at high risk. Recent research has shown that subclinical leakage
      from retinal blood vessels is one of the earliest signs of retinopathy. The
      feasibility of using radionuclide techniques to quantitate blood-retinal barrier
      disruption is demonstrated by a study in which 23 diabetics and 7 nondiabetics
      were imaged with an Anger camera in the anterior Waters projection at 2 hours
      after the administration of Tc-99m DTPA. In the digitized images, regions of
      interest were placed over each orbit and over one of the cerebral hemispheres.
      Orbital counts were then compared to cerebral counts on a per pixel basis. Eye to
      brain ratios were found to be lowest for nondiabetics and highest for patients
      with proliferative retinopathy. Additionally, the dynamic analysis of the same
      radiopharmaceutical may allow investigators to further study the pathophysiology
      of the diabetic eye.

PMID- 6369546
TI  - Tumor detection with radiopharmaceuticals.
AB  - The most common primary ocular tumor in adults is malignant melanoma of the
      choroid. Metastatic tumors to the choroid occur with the same frequency. The
      radioactive phosphorous uptake test is used most often as a nuclear diagnostic
      test. The test does not differentiate melanomas from metastases, and it is
      necessary to perform surgery for proper placement of a detection device within a
      distance of 1-2 mm of the tumor. These deficiencies leave ophthalmologists with a
      pressing need for a gamma-emitting radiopharmaceutical that would facilitate
      noninvasive identification of choroidal melanoma. This need is made more urgent
      by the fact that recently, radiation therapy has been used to treat these tumors
      rather than enucleation. Eyes then harbor irradiated melanoma whose status is
      unknown. The tumor rarely decreases in size more than 25% to 50%. There is thus a
      need for a specific diagnostic test to assess the nature of the tumor and the
      effectiveness of therapy.

PMID- 6369547
TI  - "Obstructive" pattern in an 131I-hippuran renogram of a transplanted kidney.

PMID- 6369548
TI  - The pathobiology of viral hepatitis and immunologic activation of the coagulation
      protease network.

PMID- 6369549
TI  - Fetal nutritional supplementation.

PMID- 6369550
TI  - Intrauterine growth retardation avenues of future research in diagnosis and
      management by ultrasound.

PMID- 6369552
TI  - General considerations on growth retardation.

PMID- 6369551
TI  - Consideration of the uteroplacental circulation in intrauterine growth.

PMID- 6369553
TI  - Biophysical aspects of management of the growth retarded fetus.

PMID- 6369554
TI  - Intrauterine growth retardation: a "mosaic" hypothesis of pathophysiology.

PMID- 6369555
TI  - Eponym: the loop of Henle.

PMID- 6369556
TI  - Multiloculated hepatic abscess caused by alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus.

PMID- 6369557
TI  - Treatment of Brugia malayi infection with mebendazole and levamisole.
AB  - Brugia malayi microfilaraemic patients were treated with either mebendazole 500
      mg thrice daily for 21 days or a combination of a similar dose of mebendazole
      with levamisole hydrochloride 2.5 mg/kg weekly for 3 weeks. Although both regimes
      were effective, the addition of low doses of levamisole to mebendazole hastened
      the conversion of all patients to amicrofilaraemia, this being achieved by the
      second post-treatment week. No serious side reaction was encountered in the use
      of this high dose of mebendazole. Further experimental studies are necessary to
      determine whether the drug is adulticidal or only embryostatic.

PMID- 6369558
TI  - Evidence of trapped red cells in the brain of rhesus monkey infected with
      Plasmodium knowlesi.
AB  - 59Fe-labelled normal red cells and 51Cr-labelled P. knowlesi infected red cells
      were used as tracers for a study on the trapped red cells in the brain of rhesus
      monkeys infected with P. knowlesi. After instantaneous injection into a common
      carotid artery, blood was sampled from both of the internal jugular veins at
      various intervals. Results in 6 experiments on 3 infected monkeys showed that
      about 17% of infected red cells given was trapped in the capillaries of the brain
      of the infected monkeys. The remainder of the infected red cells travelled on the
      same flow rate as the normal red cells. As the volume for the flow of the former
      was less than that of the latter, the mean transit time of the infected red cells
      (-ty) was therefore shorter than that of the normal red cells (-th). The mean
      difference in volume was estimated to be 3.4% in the present study. These
      findings indicated that some of the P. knowlesi infected red cells were trapped
      in capillaries of the brains of monkeys infected with P. knowlesi.

PMID- 6369559
TI  - [Vasilii Ivanovich Priselkov--distinguished activist in Russian medicine].

PMID- 6369560
TI  - [Pages from our history].

PMID- 6369561
TI  - [Clinico-immunological characteristics of dysentery].

PMID- 6369562
TI  - [Gastroesophageal reflux].

PMID- 6369563
TI  - [Obesity and its treatment].

PMID- 6369564
TI  - [Value of computerized tomography in the radiological diagnosis of acute
      abdomen].

PMID- 6369565
TI  - [Raynaud's syndrome].

PMID- 6369566
TI  - Intractable skin disorders treated with the aromatic retinoid etretinate.

PMID- 6369567
TI  - A guide to the rational use of dopamine, dobutamine and isoprenaline in patients
      who need inotropic support.
AB  - Which inotropic agent to use to the patient's greatest advantage is a common
      problem in hospital practice. Sympathetic nervous system physiology is outlined
      to explain the actions of dopamine, dobutamine and isoprenaline. The following
      suggestions are made: Where a low-dosage inotropic effect is required, dopamine
      should probably be used because of the unique benefit of increased renal blood
      flow. Where there are no tachyarrhythmias, dopamine should be the drug of choice.
      In dosages greater than 5 - 10 micrograms/kg/min, dopamine should be combined
      with nitroprusside. If further inotropic activity is required, the effect of
      dopamine can be increased with the concomitant use of isoprenaline. In the
      presence of tachyarrhythmias dobutamine may be of benefit.

PMID- 6369568
TI  - Fever, diarrhoea and confusion.

PMID- 6369569
TI  - The psychosocial impact of cystic fibrosis. A review of research literature.
AB  - Research literature on the psychosocial aspects of cystic fibrosis (CF) is
      reviewed. The findings indicate that patients with CF and their families are
      subject to major stresses, yet many manage to function without observable
      dysfunction. However, indications are that the coping mechanisms of these
      families need to be enhanced and developed in order to prevent possible
      dysfunction.

PMID- 6369570
TI  - A serum biochemical profile of normal pregnancy.
AB  - Serum sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, calcium, phosphate, urea, urate,
      creatinine, carbon dioxide, total alkaline phosphatase, total protein and albumin
      levels during pregnancy were studied in groups of subjects at less than 14 weeks'
      gestation, at 14-20 weeks, at 20-28 weeks and at 36-40 weeks. These were compared
      with levels in a nonpregnant control group matched for age and sex. Serum
      potassium, sodium and chloride levels remained within the normal range, while
      calcium, phosphate, total protein and albumin levels decreased progressively
      after the first trimester. Magnesium levels decreased progressively from early
      pregnancy to term, and urea, creatinine and carbon dioxide levels all decreased
      markedly throughout pregnancy. Urate levels were markedly decreased in early
      pregnancy but returned to normal at term, and the alkaline phosphatase values
      demonstrated the expected marked increase to term. The fact that all these values
      were not equally affected suggests that haemodilution cannot be held responsible
      for all serum changes during pregnancy. Individual results are discussed and a
      biochemical profile is suggested.

PMID- 6369571
TI  - Coronary artery bypass surgery in a patient with symptomatic ventricular
      arrhythmia. A case presentation and review of the literature.
AB  - A 42-year-old White man suffered from recurrent symptomatic ventricular
      tachycardia but no angina pectoris. Cardiac catheterization demonstrated a
      normally contracting left ventricle and coronary angiography delineated
      significant atherosclerotic obstructions in the left circumflex (LC) coronary
      artery and the first diagonal branch of the left anterior descending (LAD)
      coronary artery. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery was carried out on
      the anterolateral and mid-lateral branches of the LC coronary artery as well as
      the first diagonal branch of the LAD coronary artery. Frequent postoperative
      Holter monitoring as well as maximum-exercise stress testing has failed to show
      any recurrence of the ventricular arrhythmia, and the patient has remained
      asymptomatic and medical therapy has been discontinued. Some 30 months after
      operation left ventricular cine angiography demonstrated normal contractility.
      Selective coronary arteriography indicated that the CABG to the anterolateral
      branch of the LC coronary artery was occluded at its proximal aortic anastomosis.
      However, the CABGs to the midlateral branch of the LC and LAD coronary arteries
      were still patent. Repeat serial resting ECGs failed to show any evidence of
      postoperative myocardial infarction. It is concluded that CABG surgery was
      responsible for eliminating the episodes of life-threatening ventricular
      tachycardia, presumably by correcting myocardial ischaemia. The role of CABG
      surgery in the control of medically unresponsive and dangerous ventricular
      arrhythmias is reviewed.

PMID- 6369572
TI  - Malaria--prophylaxis and treatment.

PMID- 6369573
TI  - Oral hypoglycaemics in the first trimester and fetal outcome.
AB  - During a 5 1/2-year period we saw 171 pregnant women with established non-insulin
      dependent diabetes; 78 patients received oral hypoglycaemic drugs during the 1st
      trimester and 93 did not. The outcome of pregnancy in these two groups is
      compared. Only two major congenital anomalies were seen in the tablet-taking
      group and the number of abortions (4) was not excessive. The perinatal mortality
      (PNM) rate was initially high after large doses of chlorpropamide or metformin
      had been given during the 1st trimester, but this was clearly related to
      inadequate diabetic control in later pregnancy. Among the last 50 of the total of
      75 viable infants whose mothers received oral drugs early in pregnancy, the PNM
      rate was 40/1 000. We conclude that modern oral hypoglycaemic drugs are safe and
      useful, not only during later pregnancy but also during the 1st trimester,
      provided excellent control of blood glucose levels is achieved.

PMID- 6369574
TI  - Immunization of rabbits with Spirochaeta aurantia does not induce resistance to
      Treponema pallidum.
AB  - Rabbits were immunized with viable Spirochaeta aurantia, a free-living,
      facultative anaerobic spirochete that is similar in some biochemical
      characteristics to Treponema pallidum, a parasitic, microaerophilic spirochete.
      Single and multiple immunizations with living S. aurantia, with or without
      Freund's incomplete adjuvant, Freund's complete adjuvant, or heat-killed T.
      pallidum, were carried out over a four-month period. Living S. aurantia was
      neither toxic nor virulent for rabbits. Immunized rabbits produced a high level
      of agglutinating antibody to S. aurantia but no antibody to T. pallidum, as
      determined by the T. pallidum hemagglutination test. Immunized rabbits were
      challenged with multiple intradermal inoculations of 100 viable T. pallidum
      (Nichols strain) and compared to unimmunized rabbits similarly infected.
      Immunization with S. aurantia did not protect against T. pallidum infection. Thus
      S. aurantia appears not to be suitable as a potential vaccine against infection
      with T. pallidum.

PMID- 6369575
TI  - Jan Fryderyk Knolle's forgotten dissertation on osseous syphilis, 1763.
AB  - In 1763 Jan Fryderyk Knolle, a Polish physician, wrote his doctoral thesis on
      osseous syphilis, De Ossium Carie Venerea, at the University of Leipzig, Saxony
      (now East Germany). Knolle described the pathology, clinical picture, and
      treatment of syphilis of the bones and emphasized the severity and
      destructiveness of bony lesions, which could occur even in the early stage of the
      disease. An interesting and detailed drawing showing osteomyelitis of the femur,
      which appears to be of syphilitic origin, was included in Knolle's dissertation.
      This illustration is an example of 18th century syphilologic iconography. A
      comparison of the clinical picture of syphilis as described by Knolle with that
      of the present day suggests that syphilis has become a milder disease.

PMID- 6369576
TI  - Herpes genitalis: a clinical puzzle for two centuries.

PMID- 6369577
TI  - [Case reports of ceramic implants (Bioceram)].

PMID- 6369578
TI  - [Cast restorations-procedures for construction of castings and cementation].

PMID- 6369579
TI  - [Miscellaneous records of medico-dental and pharmacological history (49).
      "Jinrinkinmozui", a publication dated 1690 (3)].

PMID- 6369580
TI  - [The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A dynamic clinico-biological situation].

PMID- 6369581
TI  - A randomized prospective trial comparing the value of intravenous and
      preincisional cefamandole in reducing postoperative sepsis after operations upon
      the gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - A prospective randomized trial comparing prophylaxis with a single dose of
      cefamandole given intravenously and preincisionally with no antibiotics in
      patients who underwent elective and emergency operations upon the
      gastrointestinal tract has shown a significant reduction in the frequency of
      wound infections in patients receiving preincisional antibiotics over both
      control and intravenous groups. Fewer postoperative infections of the chest
      occurred in patients receiving antibiotics by either route, with hospital stay
      also being significantly reduced for patients who received prophylactic
      antibiotics before emergency operations. Preincisional cefamandole is effective
      in reducing postoperative sepsis after operations upon the gastrointestinal
      tract.

PMID- 6369582
TI  - Prevention of seromas following mastectomy and axillary dissection.
AB  - Controlling seroma formation by the use of closed suction drainage and flap
      attachment to the chest wall lowered the incidence of seroma formation after
      mastectomy and axillary dissection below that in other reports. The presumed
      advantage would be fewer seroma-associated complications, such as infection,
      impaired shoulder motion and lymphedema.

PMID- 6369583
TI  - Nasogastric intubation after intestinal resection.
AB  - Despite some evidence that gastric decompression may be unnecessary after some
      abdominal operations and in the treatment of paralytic ileus, the use of
      nasogastric suction after extensive abdominal operations, particularly intestinal
      resection, remains a subject of some debate. In a randomized prospective trial,
      52 patients with suture lines constructed in the gastrointestinal tract received
      no postoperative nasogastric drainage unless acute gastric dilation or copious
      vomiting developed postoperatively, while 45 similar patients were allocated to
      receive routine postoperative nasogastric aspiration. Only 12 patients in the
      nonintubated group required subsequent insertion of a nasogastric tube, while in
      the remaining 40, nasogastric drainage was avoided completely. Postoperative loss
      of fluid from the intestine was significantly greater in the patients undergoing
      routine nasogastric drainage, although the requirement for intravenous fluid
      therapy was the same in both groups. There were no significant differences
      between the two groups in the incidence of postoperative complications. Routine
      nasogastric aspiration after gastric or intestinal resection does not confer
      significant advantages to outweigh its discomfort and potential morbidity for
      patients and should be replaced by selective intubation when required
      postoperatively.

PMID- 6369584
TI  - Controlled trial of the Grassi (pH) intraoperative test for completion of
      proximal gastric vagotomy.
AB  - Forty-eight patients undergoing PGV for duodenal ulcer were randomized to Grassi
      test (24) or no test (24). Operations were performed by surgeons who were Fellows
      of the Royal College of Surgeons trained in the technique of PGV and every effort
      was made to complete the vagotomy if the test was positive. Patients were
      assessed by standard pentagastrin test preoperatively and postoperatively. The
      two groups were closely matched for age (Grassi 48, non-Grassi 43), sex (Grassi
      20 males; non-Grassi, 21 males), preoperative BAO (6.4 +/- 1.2 S.E.M. millimols
      hydrogen ions per hour and 6.6 +/- 0.9 S.E.M. millimols hydrogen ions per hour)
      and preoperative PAO (45.5 +/- 2.1 S.E.M. millimols hydrogen ions per hour and
      40.5 +/- 2.6 S.E.M. millimols hydrogen ions per hour). Postoperatively, the BAO
      was 1.2 +/- 0.4 S.E.M. millimols hydrogen ions per hour for the Grassi group and
      0.8 +/- 0.2 S.E.M. millimol hydrogen ions per hour. The postoperative PAO (pg)
      for the Grassi group was 19.1 +/- 0.9 S.E.M. millimols hydrogen ions per hour and
      for the non-Grassi group, it was 19.5 +/- 1.9 S.E.M. millimols hydrogen ions per
      hour. The mean reduction in PAO (pg) were 57.0 +/- 4.3 per cent for the Grassi
      group and 51 +/- 4 per cent for the non-Grassi group, but two patients in the non
      Grassi group had a reduction of less than 10 per cent, one of whom has had
      recurrent symptoms at three months. Eight Grassi and four non-Grassi patients had
      reductions of greater than 65 per cent. The mean operating was 110.0 +/- 6.8
      minutes for the Grassi patients and 87.0 +/- 3.1 for the non-Grassi patients.

PMID- 6369585
TI  - End-loop colostomy.
AB  - A new method of "end loop" colostomy is described which avoids the conventional
      large bulky loop colostomy. The proximal and distal lumens can be easily
      irrigated or studied. The possibility of prolapse of the distal limb of the
      colostomy is minimized. After proper training in irrigation, the patients are
      able to use a stoma cap instead of colostomy bags.

PMID- 6369586
TI  - L. L. Staton, M.D., and the first successful gastrostomy in America.

PMID- 6369587
TI  - Subphrenic abscess.
AB  - A series of 55 patients with subphrenic abscess is presented. In 50 patients, the
      abscess occurred postoperatively, most frequently after biliary tract and gastric
      operations. The surgical approach to drainage was selected on the basis of
      clinical signs and symptoms and previous operation. Among 34 patients in whom the
      abscesses were drained extraserously initially, nine subsequently underwent a
      transperitoneal approach because of inadequate drainage. Of all patients, 17
      (30.9 per cent) had multiple space abscesses. These figures support the use of
      midline exploration. Twenty-six patients (47.3 per cent) had complications
      develop after surgical drainage; ten (18.2 per cent) of them died. The value of
      early diagnosis is stressed.

PMID- 6369588
TI  - Complications requiring operative intervention in scleroderma.

PMID- 6369589
TI  - Somatosensory-evoked potentials after mesencephalic tractotomy for pain
      syndromes. Neuroradiologic and clinical correlations.
AB  - Eight patients affected by intractable pain underwent stereotactic mesencephalic
      tractotomy. Recordings of somatosensory-evoked potentials were made before and
      after the surgical procedure. Localization and size of the obtained lesion were
      controlled by computed tomography scans. Clinical result was compared with
      modification of postoperative somatosensory-evoked potentials and with the
      appearance of the lesion in the computed tomography scans.

PMID- 6369590
TI  - Transposition of volumetric information derived from computed tomography scanning
      into stereotactic space.
AB  - A method for translation of a tumor volume defined by computed tomography (CT)
      into stereotactic space using a CT-comparible stereotactic headholder, localizing
      system, arc--quadrant stereotactic instrument, and operating room computer system
      is described. Clinical applications, including computer-assisted stereotactic
      laser resection of deep-seated neoplasms of the central nervous system and
      simulation of stereotactically implanted radionuclide sources, are discussed.

PMID- 6369591
TI  - The effects of bilateral renal transplantation on pelvic hemodynamics and sexual
      function.
AB  - Sexual function and internal iliac artery (IIA) patency were determined in 24
      patients who had received at least two renal transplants, one in each iliac
      fossa, at the University of Maryland and Johns Hopkins Hospitals from 1975 to
      1979. The pelvic hemodynamics of each patient were assessed with a
      penile/brachial blood pressure index (PBI). The rate of sexual dysfunction, as
      determined by questionnaires and personal interviews, was 46% (11 of 24 patients)
      compared with only 21% (five of 24 patients) after a single transplant. Nine of
      the 11 patients who were impotent had bilateral IIA occlusion and four of these
      nine had a PBI less than 0.70. One of the four patients regained full sexual
      function after a revascularization procedure, which confirmed that this impotence
      had a vascular etiology. Results of this study show that vascular insufficiency,
      but not necessarily vasculogenic impotence, was present in at least four of the
      11 patients who were impotent (36%) and may have been avoidable by sparing at
      least one IIA during renal transplant procedures.

PMID- 6369592
TI  - Human renal allograft blood flow, oxygen extraction, and prostaglandin release:
      their bearing on graft function.
AB  - The intraoperative blood flow, oxygen extraction, and prostaglandin production
      were studied in 26 transplanted kidneys. Eleven were from related donors and 15
      from cadavers. Postoperative dialysis was required by four of the five recipients
      of a cadaveric kidney having an intraoperative blood flow of less than 200
      ml/min/100 gm of tissue. All the cadaveric kidneys with a blood flow greater than
      this produced urine immediately after revascularization. The blood flow in the
      cadaveric kidneys was related to the total ischemia time, with a lower rate in
      kidneys preserved for more than 24 hours. There was no difference in the oxygen
      extraction values for the kidneys in the related donors, in their associated
      recipients, and in the cadaveric organ recipients. During postoperative
      catheterization of the renal vein the oxygen extraction for the kidneys from
      related donors was practically normalized, while for the cadaveric kidneys it was
      increased though still subnormal. This difference was also reflected in the renal
      function at that time. No evidence was found that prostaglandins are involved in
      the regulation of the blood flow to the graft kidney.

PMID- 6369593
TI  - Regional blood flow and pulmonary thromboxane release after sublethal endotoxin
      infusion in sheep.
AB  - Fifteen minutes after intravenous Escherichia coli endotoxin (EN) infusion the
      sheep lung transiently releases into the systemic circulation up to 12 micrograms
      of thromboxane A2 (TxA2)/min measured by radioimmunoassay as its metabolite
      thromboxane B2 (TxB2). To determine whether lung thromboxane release alters
      regional blood flow (RBF) we injected microspheres before and 20, 30, and 100
      minutes after EN infusion in 13 awake sheep. In seven untreated control sheep
      (group 1) pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) increased threefold at 20 and 30
      minutes after EN infusion, coinciding with a large transpulmonary blood
      concentration gradient of TxB2. There was no measured RBF change to any systemic
      tissue or organ except the right ventricle at 20 minutes after EN infusion, when
      blood flow per gram of tissue doubled. In six sheep (group 2) treated with
      intravenous ibuprofen before EN infusion there was no increase in PVR, plasma
      TxB2, or blood flow to the right ventricle, and no difference of RBF to any other
      organ or tissue when compared to group 1. TxA2 is a potent local pulmonary
      vasoconstrictor but it rapidly hydrolyzes. Its short half-life and the
      circulatory delay in systemic arterial delivery prevent TxA2 from acting as a
      circulating vasoconstrictor.

PMID- 6369594
TI  - Ineffectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy using DTIC and cyclophosphamide in
      patients with resectable metastatic melanoma.
AB  - A randomized, prospective trial of adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy was compared in a
      group of 136 patients with melanoma after complete surgical resection of advanced
      regional metastasis (stage III) or isolated distant metastasis (stage IV). All
      patients received a 2-year course of nonspecific adjuvant immunotherapy of
      subcutaneous injections of Corynebacterium parvum (4 mg/m2 divided among the four
      extremities in 1- to 2-week cycles). Half of the patients also received a 6-month
      course of dimethyl triazeno imidazole carboxamide (DTIC) plus cyclophosphamide
      chemotherapy (each at 600 mg/m2 administered intravenously every 3 weeks for nine
      cycles) while the other half received no chemotherapy. Analysis of the data
      showed that adjuvant chemotherapy did not provide any demonstrable therapeutic
      effect, either in terms of disease-free survival or overall survival. No benefit
      was observed in subgroups of patients categorized by disease stage, site of
      metastasis, or sex. The drugs did cause a substantial rate of morbidity, however,
      since 42% of the patients had severe nausea and vomiting, while 13% had hair
      loss. The C. parvum was well tolerated in almost all patients. This is a
      particularly high-risk group for subsequent metastases since only 24% of the
      patients were free of disease for 1 year and 12% after 2 years. Adjuvant DTIC and
      cyclophosphamide had no observable therapeutic effect on this population of high
      risk patients with melanoma.

PMID- 6369595
TI  - Parathyroid transplantation: a review.

PMID- 6369597
TI  - [To live with children].

PMID- 6369596
TI  - A conscious septic dog model with hemodynamic and metabolic responses similar to
      responses of humans.
AB  - We have developed a conscious septic dog model suitable for in vivo tracer
      studies. Dogs weighing 10 to 20 kg underwent general anesthesia followed by the
      insertion of long-term arterial, venous, and portal cannulas and the formation of
      a long-term tracheostomy. After 7 to 10 days of convalescence, the animals were
      fed in the morning and 4 hours later 10(10) live Escherichia coli organisms were
      infused intra-arterially over approximately 30 minutes. One hour later a second
      dose of 5 X 10(9) bacteria was given, again over 30 minutes. Resuscitation was
      provided by infusion of 1000 ml of lactated Ringer solution over 3 hours. Twenty
      four hours after the induction of sepsis the animals were hemodynamically stable
      and suitable for study. Cardiac output was increased from the control value of
      185 +/- 35 ml/kg X min to 308 +/- 44 ml/kg X min in the septic animals. Heart
      rate was increased from 98 +/- 10 to 125 +/- 5 beats/min, and arterial pressure
      was not significantly altered. We employed indirect calorimetry and primed
      constant infusions of both radioactive and stable isotopes to assess a variety of
      metabolic parameters. The metabolic rate was increased approximately 25%, and the
      energy for this increase was primarily provided by the increased oxidation of
      both free fatty acids and triglyceride. The release of free fatty acids was
      approximately three times greater than the control value, and triglyceride
      synthesis increased 500%. The oxidation rate of free fatty acids and the fatty
      acids contained in very low density lipoproteins-triglyceride increased 40% and
      900%, respectively. Glucose production was maintained at approximately the
      control value, and the rate of glucose oxidation (as measured with 14C-glucose)
      was also not significantly altered. The plasma insulin concentration was
      moderately elevated, and plasma glucagon concentration was five to six times
      greater than the control value. Plasma catecholamine levels were increased
      significantly. This model is suitable for the performance of metabolic studies in
      sepsis. The induction of a hyperdynamic septic state in less than 24 hours avoids
      the complications of starvation and dehydration frequently seen in the various
      peritonitis and abscess models. Most importantly, the model is predictable in its
      time course and reproducibly creates a situation that hormonally,
      hemodynamically, and metabolically resembles what is commonly seen in humans with
      sepsis.

PMID- 6369598
TI  - [The effect of living conditions on the prevalence of dentures in an adult Danish
      population].

PMID- 6369599
TI  - [An early Danish execution; the finding of the cranium].

PMID- 6369600
TI  - [Radiographic methods for the diagnosis of marginal periodontal bone loss - a
      literature review].

PMID- 6369601
TI  - [St. Apollonia and Danish dentistry].

PMID- 6369602
TI  - [A polishing jig: an aid for the sharpening of scaling instruments].

PMID- 6369603
TI  - [A 2,000-year-old skeleton with perfect dentition].

PMID- 6369604
TI  - [Coronary vasospasm and ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 6369605
TI  - [T. Sydenham and the development of clinical medicine (on the 300th anniversary
      of the description of podagra)].

PMID- 6369606
TI  - [Glucose tolerance test and immunoreactive insulin level in the blood of the
      relatives of patients with coronary arteriosclerosis].

PMID- 6369607
TI  - [Acid-peptic factor and the basal gastrin content of the blood as risk factors
      for ulcer formation in patients with chronic kidney failure].

PMID- 6369609
TI  - [Effect of selective proximal vagotomy on the function of the enteroinsular axis
      in patients with duodenal peptic ulcer].

PMID- 6369608
TI  - [Gastrozepin--a new anti-ulcer agent (a review of the literature and the authors'
      own data)].

PMID- 6369611
TI  - [Pancreatic incretory function in infectious hepatitis].

PMID- 6369610
TI  - [Insulin and somatotropic hormone secretion and connective tissue function in
      patients with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 6369612
TI  - Mandatory assignment still is viable issue.

PMID- 6369613
TI  - [Diuretic therapy in cardiac insufficiency].

PMID- 6369614
TI  - [Currently used positive inotropic substances].

PMID- 6369615
TI  - [Use of calcium antagonists in the treatment of cardiac insufficiency].

PMID- 6369616
TI  - [Problems of drug dosage in patients with cardiac insufficiency].

PMID- 6369617
TI  - [The importance of cardiac glycoside therapy. Digitalis--to use or not to use?].

PMID- 6369618
TI  - The effect of ticlopidine on human endothelial cells in culture.
AB  - The effect of ticlopidine at various concentrations (150, 30, 6 microM), has been
      studied on cultured endothelial cells derived from human umbilical cord vein.
      Ticlopidine affects the initial attachment of endothelial cells to artificial
      substrata and has an inhibitory effect on endothelial cell growth rate which
      correlates to the concentration of the chemical in the culture medium. These
      effects are related to a marked reduction of intra- and extracellular fibronectin
      as evidentiated by immunofluorescence. The drug seems to interfere with the
      formation of fibronectin filaments from intracellular granules. The reduction of
      fibronectin availability could affect platelet adhesion to subendothelium as well
      as endothelial cell repair, and subsequently influence the bleeding time. The
      inhibition of cell proliferation and its possible effect on the thickness of the
      vessel wall should be considered as additional mechanisms of action for this
      substance.

PMID- 6369620
TI  - [Surgical technical procedures in gastroenterologic and endocrine surgery].

PMID- 6369619
TI  - Studies on the frequency of heparin-associated thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 6369621
TI  - [Respiratory syncytial virus and influenza A virus infections in children. A
      simplified preparation of samples for rapid virus diagnosis].

PMID- 6369622
TI  - [A comparison of 3 isolation methods for the demonstration of Salmonella bacteria
      in fryer-chicken feed].
AB  - 167 Samples of fryer chicken feed were examined for the presence of Salmonella
      using three different methods of isolation. These methods consisted in the
      isolation of Salmonella using procedure ISO-3565, this method but supplemented by
      treatment with hydrogen sulphide (ISO + H2S) and the membrane filter disc immuno
      immobilisation method (MFDI). In addition, thirty-three samples were examined by
      the ISO and ISO + H2S techniques. 200 Grams of feed of each sample were studied.
      A total number of fifteen samples (7.5 per cent) were found to be positive for
      Salmonella, thirteen of which were examined by the ISO-3565 method of isolation
      of Salmonella. When the other methods were employed, only five samples were found
      to be positive for Salmonella using the ISO + H2S technique and two using the
      MFDI method. When all three methods were used, they failed to produce positive
      results in each sample which had been found to be positive for Salmonella. The
      differences in the number of positive samples were found to be significantly (P
      less than 0.01) in favour of the ISO method. When a choice has to be made between
      the method used in the detection of Salmonella, the ISO-3565 method of isolating
      Salmonella is to be preferred.

PMID- 6369623
TI  - [A field experiment using E. coli-K99 vaccine].
AB  - In a field experiment in which vaccine containing E. coli-K99 antigen were
      administered to approximately thirty per cent of the pregnant dairy cows in herds
      in which the calves were affected with scours, during the first five days of life
      (the other animals were treated with a placebo), following results were obtained:
      The colostrum of vaccinated cows contained significantly higher concentrations of
      immunoglobulins to E. coli-K99 than did that of controls (Table 1). From the
      start of the experiment, severe scouring disappeared in the calves of vaccinated
      cows, and from those of the controls. E. coli-K99 could no longer be isolated.
      Zootechnical measures such as adequate supplementation colostrum, hygienic
      procedures, etc., probably played an important role in the disappearance of the
      problems of scouring in these herds.

PMID- 6369624
TI  - [Artificial reproduction in cattle].
AB  - In the first part of the present review paper, not only the current procedures
      making possible artificial reproduction in cattle are stated, but also the
      limitations of the methods available for superovulation and sexing, low
      temperature preservation and transfer of embryos. In the second part, alternative
      procedures are reviewed, which may be used to increase the number of embryos per
      dam to a further extent by methods other than superovulation. Finally, the
      practical use of these recently acquired methods in breeding and animal products
      is described.

PMID- 6369625
TI  - [Testing of rams. Microphthalmos].

PMID- 6369626
TI  - [Prosthetic treatment or....?].

PMID- 6369627
TI  - [Therapia antiqua].

PMID- 6369628
TI  - The impact of HLA-DR compatibility on cadaver kidney graft survival in a
      prospective study with special emphasis on the quality of typing.
AB  - The survival data of 151 consecutive cadaver kidneys transplanted by the two
      transplantation centres of Copenhagen from September 1, 1980 to September 30,
      1982 with an observation period of at least 3 months have been analyzed. The HLA
      DR types could not be established in 4 out of 130 donors. In most of the analyses
      only the well-defined antigens DR1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and w8 were included.
      Inclusions of the DRw6, w9, and w10 antigens in the matching did not change the
      results. The one-year graft survival (GS) was 72.1% for 97 HLA-DR compatible
      kidneys as compared to 41.4% for 49 incompatible kidneys (p = .0007); this
      difference remained highly significant when stratified for the recipient status
      of pretransfusion, risk, and age. Non-transfused recipients had a fairly good GS
      but had received significantly better matched kidneys than the remaining
      recipients. The transfusion "effect" became barely significant (p = .054) when
      stratified for DR. There was no significant influence of donor or recipient DRw6
      type as defined in this study. The GS was not significantly influenced by HLA-A,
      B matching, recipient antibody status, B cell cross-matches, transplant, or donor
      centre. Special efforts were made to assign the HLA-DR phenotypes of the
      recipients and donors as accurately as possible. In 39 cases, there was a
      discrepancy between the result of the acute DR-typing of the donor and the final
      result based on subsequent typings. The acute DR match had no influence on GS in
      these recipients whereas the final match had a significant influence in the same
      group, which in a way comprise a randomized trial. In the total material, the
      acute DR match still showed an influence on GS, but the significance decreased by
      a factor 20. This illustrates how the quality of DR typing may influence the
      results of the analyses. The overall GS (62.5%) was significantly (p = .05)
      better in this series than that (48.2%) in our preceding series, but it is
      uncertain whether this is due to better matching alone.

PMID- 6369629
TI  - Effects of methylmercury and some metal ions on microtubule networks in mouse
      glioma cells and in vitro tubulin polymerization.
AB  - Mercury compounds and some other metal ions were investigated with respect to
      their effect on in vitro tubulin polymerization and on cellular microtubules in
      mouse glioma. In vitro tubulin polymerization was completely inhibited by 2.5 X
      10(-5) M Hg2+, 5 X 10(-5) M CH3Hg+, 2 X 10(-4) M Cr3+, 2.5 X 10(-4) M Cu2+, and 5
      X 10(-4) M Cd2+. Zn2+ did not affect the polymerization up to 5 X 10(-4) M.
      Indirect immunofluorescence study with rabbit antiporcine tubulin antibody
      revealed that methylmercury disrupted the microtubule network at an early stage
      of growth inhibition. On the other hand, in the presence of Cd2+, Cu2+, and Cr3+
      at their growth inhibitory concentrations, no effects on microtubule networks
      were observed for the first 1 hr. These results indicate that only methylmercury
      affects cellular microtubules, while other ions seem to interfere with other
      sites in the cells, although these ions showed the ability to depress in vitro
      tubulin polymerization.

PMID- 6369630
TI  - [Decalcination characteristics of enamel with various levels of mineralization].

PMID- 6369631
TI  - [Reactions of the periodontal vessels to experimental gingival retraction].

PMID- 6369632
TI  - [Hemodynamics in the periodontium during the use of a brepho-osteoplast in the
      combined treatment of periodontal diseases].

PMID- 6369633
TI  - [Founder of Soviet dentistry (on the centenary of the birth of Aleksandr
      Ivanovich Evdokimov)].

PMID- 6369634
TI  - [The new filling material vitacryl].

PMID- 6369635
TI  - [Ultrasonic treatment of suppurative wounds in the combined therapy of phlegmons
      of the face and neck].

PMID- 6369636
TI  - [Morphological characteristics of the healing of mandibular fractures using a
      bone suture and a device for fixing bone fragments possessing a memory for
      shape].

PMID- 6369638
TI  - [Standard blanks for the retention elements of veneered crowns].

PMID- 6369637
TI  - [Use of a polyethylene sponge in plastic repair after melanoma excision].

PMID- 6369639
TI  - [Immediate and late results of using stump crowns].

PMID- 6369640
TI  - [Experience in using bridge-like prostheses with half-crown support].

PMID- 6369641
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of the caries-prophylactic effectiveness of a fluoride
      containing lacquer].

PMID- 6369642
TI  - Comparison of rigid and flexible cannulae for early abortion without cervical
      dilatation. World Health Organization Task Force on Sequelae of Abortion.
AB  - A randomized controlled trial comparing four types of cannula for early abortion
      was undertaken in seven World Health Organization Collaborating Centers for
      Clinical Research in Human Reproduction. One-holed and two-holed cannulae, both
      flexible and rigid, were used to perform early abortions less than 46 days after
      the last menstrual period. A total of 3,066 women participated in the study. The
      adjusted incidence rates of failed abortion (0.95 to 6.4 percent) and of
      postprocedure bleeding requiring recurettage (8.8 to 9.1 percent) in the one
      holed cannula group were significantly higher than the rates in the three other
      cannulae groups (3.0 to 3.5 and 2.2 to 3.8 percent, respectively). The rates for
      continuation of pregnancy were higher than those reported by other investigators,
      possibly owing in part to successful follow-up and the use of routine pregnancy
      testing at the follow-up visit.

PMID- 6369644
TI  - A radioimmunoassay for total captopril in human serum or plasma samples.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay for the measurement of total captopril in serum and
      heparinized plasma has been developed. Prior to the assay, serum or heparinized
      plasma samples are subjected to tri-n-butyl-phosphine reduction followed by N
      ethylmaleimide (NEM) derivatization. The assay utilizes in-house NEM-captopril
      antibody, [125I]NEM-captopril radiolabel and human serum standards. Satisfactory
      zero binding and sensitivity are obtained after 3 h of incubation at room
      temperature. Separation of the antibody-bound and free radiolabeled antigen is
      achieved by employing a polyethylene glycol solution. The assay was shown to have
      excellent parallelism, recovery, and precision. Cross-reactivities with
      potentially interfering substances were low.

PMID- 6369643
TI  - Applications of stable isotope methods to studying the clinical pharmacology of
      antiepileptic drugs in newborns, infants, children, and adolescents.

PMID- 6369645
TI  - Contribution of 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin to the discrepancy between
      phenytoin analyses by EMIT and high-pressure liquid chromatography.
AB  - Recently, phenytoin concentrations determined by enzyme multiplied immunoassay
      technique (EMIT) have been reported to be significantly elevated when compared to
      other assay methods in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We compared
      the plasma and plasma ultrafiltrate concentrations of phenytoin determined by
      EMIT and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) in a group of patients with
      normal renal function (NRF) and ESRD. The relationship between the degree of
      discrepancy in phenytoin concentrations in plasma and plasma ultrafiltrate and
      the concentration of combined (unconjugated plus conjugated) 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)
      5-phenylhydantoin (HPPHcom) was also assessed. The concentration of phenytoin in
      plasma and plasma ultrafiltrate measured by EMIT in the ESRD patients and the
      plasma ultrafiltrate concentrations of phenytoin in the NRF patients was
      significantly higher than the HPLC values. The mean concentrations of
      unconjugated HPPH (HPPHunconj) in plasma and plasma ultrafiltrate were not
      significantly different between the two patient groups. However, the
      concentration of HPPHcom in plasma and plasma ultrafiltrate specimens were
      significantly elevated in the ESRD patients. Orthogonal regression analysis of
      the relative error between the EMIT and HPLC phenytoin determinations and HPPHcom
      concentrations suggest that HPPHcom significantly correlates with the false
      elevation of phenytoin measurements in plasma and plasma ultrafiltrate. In
      patients with ESRD, phenytoin concentrations should be determined by either gas
      chromatography, HPLC, or fluorescence polarization.

PMID- 6369646
TI  - Doyne lecture. The significance of optic neuritis.

PMID- 6369647
TI  - Visco elastic materials in keratoplasty.
AB  - An account is presented of the early experiences with the use of visco elastic
      materials in keratoplasty. Materials used have been sodium hyaluronate
      ('Healonid') and 1 per cent and 2 per cent solutions of hydroxypropyl
      methylcellulose. The surgical methods and the initial results have been outlined.
      The freedom from any short term or intermediate complications is noteworthy.

PMID- 6369648
TI  - A simple technique for in vitro culture of Plasmodium falciparum by the candle
      jar method.

PMID- 6369649
TI  - Trypanosoma vivax and the action of cotton-rat serum.

PMID- 6369650
TI  - A sero-epidemiological survey of asymptomatic cases of Boutonneuse fever in
      western Sicily.
AB  - 963 sera from contacts, persons from various localities, and blood donors were
      examined with a commercially produced kit for micro-immunofluorescence for the
      presence of antibodies to Rickettsia conorii. 10.6% of sera were serologically
      positive. The higher rates of positivity were observed in sera of contacts (19%)
      and persons from Mussomeli (20%) and Ustica (18.4%), the lower rates in blood
      donors from Palermo (3.5%). These results support the view that there is an
      occupational risk factor related to a rural environment.

PMID- 6369651
TI  - Long-term efficacy of single-dose oral treatment in schistosomiasis haematobium.
AB  - A two-year follow-up was conducted in children who had been the subjects of a six
      month double-blind trial in the single-dose treatment of Schistosoma haematobium
      infection. The trial had assessed therapeutic efficacy of three oral preparations
      praziquantel 40 mg/kg, metrifonate 10 mg/kg, and the 'combination' (concurrent
      niridazole 25 mg/kg and metrifonate 10 mg/kg administration). Reduction in
      urinary egg excretion remained high up to follow-up at two years, based on a
      comparison of pre- and post-treatment geometric mean counts-praziquantel 96.9% (n
      = 96 at six months, 51 at two years); the 'combination' 93.9% (n = 97 at six
      months, 48 at two years); and metrifonate 90.3% (n = 92 at six months, 49 at two
      years). The differences in percentage reduction were not significant (p greater
      than 0.1). However, a significantly greater reduction in egg output was produced
      by praziquantel (81.7%) and the 'combination' (82.5%) than by metrifonate
      (54.2%), on comparing pre- and post-treatment arithmetic mean counts (p less than
      0.01). A significantly smaller percentage of subjects were excreting greater than
      or equal to 125 ova/10 ml urine two years after treatment with praziquantel
      (10.3%), compared to treatment with the 'combination' (25.7%) and metrifonate
      (35.8%) (p less than 0.01). The cure rate was significantly higher in the
      praziquantel group (47.4%) compared to the 'combination' (24.7%) and metrifonate
      (17.4%) groups, for the six to 24-month follow-up period (p less than 0.001). The
      pattern and level of transmission had contributed to the long-term efficacy
      recorded in this study.

PMID- 6369652
TI  - The deoxyuridine suppression test in severe anaemia following Plasmodium
      falciparum malaria.
AB  - Haematological studies in a group of Gambian children with severe anaemia due to
      Plasmodium falciparum malaria revealed marked dyserythropoietic changes in
      erythroblasts and evidence of increased ineffective erythropoiesis. In some
      cases, the bone marrow also showed a few giant metamyelocytes and ring
      sideroblasts. The results of deoxyuridine suppression tests indicated that these
      haematological disturbances were not a consequence of vitamin B12 or folate
      deficiency within marrow cells.

PMID- 6369653
TI  - Application of the indirect fluorescent antibody test in serodiagnosis of
      cutaneous leishmaniasis in experimentally infected mice and naturally infected
      Rhombomys opimus.
AB  - The indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) was used to detect leishmanial
      antibodies in experimentally inoculated mice with promastigote forms of
      Leishmania major, L. tropica and L. donovani infantum and in naturally infected
      Rhombomys opimus captured from the area endemic for cutaneous leishmaniasis in
      Esfahan, Iran. In the mice inoculated with L. major, the leishmanial lesion
      appeared at the site of inoculation and the leishmanial antibody level was much
      higher than in mice inoculated with other strains of Leishmania and in which no
      lesion was observed up to the 22nd week after inoculation. In R. opimus, the
      microscopical examination of the two smears prepared from the ears of each gerbil
      (one by the ordinary and the other by the sand-paper method) showed about 41% to
      be parasitologically positive. However, in IFAT about 84% were serologically
      positive. There was a good correlation between the percentage of thickened ears
      and leishmanial antibody titres in the gerbils. This investigation indicated that
      IFAT is a suitable serological technique for finding the reservoir hosts of
      leishmaniasis and determining leishmanial infection among rodents.

PMID- 6369654
TI  - Filariasis in Indonesia: clinical manifestations and basic concepts of treatment
      and control.

PMID- 6369655
TI  - A novel series of chemical structures active in vitro against the trypomastigote
      form of Trypanosoma cruzi.
AB  - A rapid in vitro test system has shown that many drugs which possess a product
      licensed for use in man are also active at a concentration of less than 1mM
      against the blood forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. 62 of these are structurally
      related amphiphilic cationic drugs which completely lyse the trypomastigotes at 4
      degrees C within 24 hr, yet most leave the erythrocytes intact. Three polyene and
      two anthracycline antibiotics were also found to be selectively trypanocidal
      under the same conditions.

PMID- 6369656
TI  - Specific removal of antibodies with an immunoadsorption system.
AB  - A continuous flow immunoadsorption system consisting of a cell separator, protein
      A-sepharose columns, and a semi-automatic elution component was developed to
      specifically remove circulating IgG. This system provides extensive absorption
      with an essentially unlimited column bed volume. Six dogs were treated a total of
      19 times. In no case did fever, sepsis, or respiratory distress result from the
      treatment. Serial blood counts and tests of liver and renal function remained in
      the normal range. Ex vivo perfusion of one plasma volume caused an acute drop in
      IgG levels of approximately 50 percent. This was reflected in a similar decrease
      in specific antibody levels to sheep erythrocytes, bovine serum albumin, and
      canine parvovirus. Antibody kinetics following immunoadsorption were variable,
      but in several cases, antibody levels remained lowered. This immunoadsorptive
      system appears to be a safe and effective alternative to plasma exchange for
      removal of IgG antibodies.

PMID- 6369657
TI  - A problem in communication.

PMID- 6369658
TI  - Methods of determining the posttransfusion survival of stored red cells.

PMID- 6369659
TI  - Evaluating the survival of stored red cells.

PMID- 6369661
TI  - Breast feeding and maternal-donor renal allografts. Possibly the original donor
      specific transfusion.
AB  - Large numbers of maternal lymphocytes are present in breast milk. We asked
      whether exposure of an infant to maternal lymphocytes during the process of
      breast feeding would have an effect on the subsequent reactivity of a patient to
      a maternal-donor related renal transplant. We studied the posttransplant course
      of 55 patients who had received a primary maternal-donor transplant. Twenty-seven
      recipients had been breast-fed during infancy and 28 recipients had not been
      breast-fed. A history of breast feeding was associated with a more favorable
      posttransplant course as measured by the percentage of patients who had no
      rejection episodes during the first posttransplant year (P less than or equal to
      .006). The one-year graft function rate for breast-fed recipients was 82%; this
      was statistically significantly better than the 57% measured for non-breast-fed
      recipients (P less than or equal to .05). Statistical significance of differences
      between groups was not attained when results were evaluated over a five-year
      interval. A difference between breast-fed and non-breast-fed recipients was not
      apparent when we evaluated a somewhat smaller group of patients who had received
      a paternal donor transplant. From these observations we conclude that the process
      of breast feeding during infancy may result in a measurable immunologic benefit
      to the recipient of a subsequent maternal-donor related renal transplant.

PMID- 6369660
TI  - Pulmonary bronchoalveolar cell and protein kinetics in dogs given total-body
      irradiation, autologous marrow grafts, and methotrexate.
AB  - Patients receiving allogeneic marrow transplantation for hematologic malignancies
      commonly are conditioned with total body irradiation (TBI) and given methotrexate
      (MTX) in an attempt to prevent graft-versus-host disease. To study the effects of
      TBI with or without MTX on bronchoalveolar cells and proteins, we performed
      sequential bronchoalveolar lavages in dogs before and after irradiation. Ten dogs
      received 9 Gy TBI followed by autologous marrow grafts. Six dogs were given no
      additional treatment and four also received MTX at 0.4 mg/kg on days 1, 3, 6, and
      11- and then weekly until day 100. TBI alone resulted in a significant decrease
      in alveolar macrophages and lymphocytes with recovery after day 30. The addition
      of MTX resulted in a more profound and prolonged decrease in alveolar macrophages
      and lymphocytes. The addition of MTX was also associated with a significant
      increase in alveolar granulocytes with a concomitant rise in lavage protein
      content in one animal. Lavage fluid IgA levels remained constant. We conclude
      that the irradiation and chemotherapy used in marrow transplantation has
      significant pulmonary effects and may contribute to the pulmonary complications
      following marrow transplantation.

PMID- 6369662
TI  - The timing of pretransplant transfusions and renal allograft survival.
AB  - Analysis of over 3000 cadaveric renal allograft recipients transplanted between
      June 1977 and June 1982 as part of the South-Eastern Organ Procurement Foundation
      Prospective Study was performed to determine the influence of timing of blood
      transfusions (BT) on patient and graft survival. Four mutually exclusive BT
      groups were identified for 2480 first-transplant and 655 regrafted patients
      studied: group 1 (n = 348, 29, respectively) received no BT; group 2 (n = 256,
      29, respectively) received perioperative BT only (i.e., at the time of, or within
      10 days of transplant); group 3 (n = 972, 287, respectively) received
      preoperative BT only (i.e., 10 or more days pretransplant); group 4 (n = 904,
      310, respectively) received both preoperative and perioperative BT. For first
      graft recipients, actuarial graft survival for group 2 was significantly greater
      (P less than 0.035) than group 1 (49% vs. 41% at one year; 35% vs. 25% at 4
      years), but to a lesser degree than groups 3 or 4, which were equivalent (58% at
      one year and 38% at 4 years). For regrafted patients, actuarial graft survival
      was again significantly greater (P less than 0.03) for group 2 patients, as
      compared with group 1 (59% vs. 29% at one year), and group 3 and 4 patients were
      not significantly different from each other (45% and 48% at one year,
      respectively) or from group 2. Interestingly, for regrafted patients who were
      presensitized at the time of transplant, those in group 4 (n = 94) had
      significantly better graft survival than group 3 (n = 111) at all time points
      examined (54% vs. 47% at one year, 46% vs. 22% at 3 years). In all comparisons,
      increases in graft survival were associated with decreased graft loss resulting
      from rejection, and no significant differences in patient survival were seen
      between any of these groups. These findings indicate that: (1) perioperative
      transfusions alone may have benefit in decreasing allograft rejection; (2)
      perioperative transfusions provide no apparent risk for patients who have already
      received pretransplant transfusions; and, (3) sensitized regrafted patients who
      receive pretransplant transfusions may gain an additional benefit from
      perioperative transfusions.

PMID- 6369663
TI  - The influence of pretransplant transfusions, using different blood products, on
      patient sensitization and renal allograft survival.
AB  - An analysis of data collected during the South Eastern Organ Procurement
      Foundation (SEOPF) Prospective Study from 1977-1982 was performed to identify the
      relative effects of different blood products on patient sensitization and graft
      survival in cadaveric donor renal transplant recipients. More than 2700 primary
      and 800 regrafted patients from 40 transplant centers were included in this
      study. A significant increase in actuarial graft survival was seen in primary
      recipients who had pretransplant transfusions with only frozen blood (P less than
      0.003), washed blood (P less than 0.0005), packed blood (P less than 0.0001), or
      any combination of blood products (P less than 0.002) as compared with those who
      received no transfusions. No blood product was found to provide a significantly
      greater increase in graft survival than any other blood product. Likewise,
      regrafted patients had significant and equivalent increases in graft survival
      associated with each type of blood product examined. The increased graft survival
      associated with each blood product was the result of decreased graft rejection,
      and not apparently related to other differences among patients receiving
      different types of blood. Furthermore, the type of blood used in pretransplant
      transfusions did not significantly influence the degree of patient sensitization
      for first-graft recipients, although regrafted recipients who received packed
      blood or a combination of blood products showed a slightly greater degree of
      sensitization than those who received only frozen or washed blood. First-graft
      recipients given packed or mixed blood had a small, statistically insignificant
      increase of hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigenemia, compared with those receiving
      frozen, washed, or no blood. Regrafted patients given any type of transfusion had
      a 3-4-fold increased incidence of HBV antigenemia as compared with nontransfused
      patients, but this difference also was statistically not significant. These
      findings suggest that the benefits of increased graft survival and the risks of
      sensitization or HBV infection associated with pretransplant transfusions are not
      significantly affected by the type of blood used.

PMID- 6369664
TI  - Donor-specific antibodies in renal allograft recipients. A reevaluation of the
      51Cr-release assays comparing fibroblast and lymphoid target cells.
AB  - Donor-specific alloantibody was monitored in recipients of 81 renal allografts by
      51Cr release assays. Complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent
      cell-mediated cytotoxicity were both followed. In addition to the conventional
      lymphoid target cells nonlymphoid target cells, namely fibroblasts from the
      donor, were used. Although antibody against donor lymphoid cells was found more
      frequently, associations with graft loss and with rejection were greater with
      antibody against fibroblasts. The superior association of antibody against
      fibroblasts with clinical events suggests that wider use of nonlymphoid target
      cells would be of value in studies of alloantibody responses in renal transplant
      recipients.

PMID- 6369665
TI  - Survival of cadaveric renal allografts in Hispanic as compared with Caucasian
      recipients.
AB  - Evaluation of allograft survival rates revealed a significantly better overall
      graft survival in Hispanic (n = 66) as compared with Caucasian (n = 38)
      recipients of primary cadaveric renal transplants. There were no significant
      differences between the Hispanic and Caucasian cadaveric recipient groups in
      terms of patient survival, pretransplant transfusion status, immunosuppressive
      protocols, rejection therapy, mean age, or frequency of diabetes mellitus.
      Cadaveric donor ethnic origin (i.e., Caucasian or Hispanic) did not significantly
      alter graft survival rates in either recipient ethnic group. Although Caucasian
      patients with splenectomies had better cadaveric graft survival than Caucasian
      graft recipients without splenectomies (P = .02), splenectomy had no significant
      effect on the renal allograft survival rate in Hispanics. Other factors that were
      evaluated and found not to correlate significantly with cadaveric graft survival
      rates were donor recipient HLA matching (A, B, or DR), and panel reactivities of
      recipient pregraft serum samples. In contrast to the superior cadaveric renal
      allograft survival in Hispanic as compared with Caucasian recipients, 1-haplotype
      matched or 2-haplotype-matched living-related renal allografts had comparable
      graft survival rates in Caucasian and Hispanic recipients. These results indicate
      that Hispanics without splenectomy enjoy a cadaveric renal allograft survival
      rate superior to nonsegregated populations (treated with conventional
      immunosuppression) reported elsewhere.

PMID- 6369666
TI  - Recurrence of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis following orthotopic liver
      grafting.
AB  - In a 26-year-old woman who had received an orthotopic liver graft for end-stage
      autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, signs indicative of the original disease
      became apparent 18 months after transplantation, at a time when the maintenance
      dose of prednisolone had been reduced to 3 mg daily. In addition to anorexia,
      nausea, and weight loss there was a reappearance of spider naevi, serum
      autoantibodies, and elevated levels of immunoglobulin G. Features typical of
      chronic active hepatitis were observed on examination of the liver biopsy, and
      both the clinical and histological pictures were unlike those of other possible
      causes of liver dysfunction, such as chronic rejection, cyclosporine
      hepatotoxicity, and non-A non-B chronic hepatitis. Following substitution of
      azathioprine for cyclosporine and an increased dose of prednisolone (20 mg
      daily), there was a rapid improvement in the clinical state and both serum
      transaminases and immunoglobulins returned to normal values. Histological
      appearances in a repeat biopsy taken six months later were consistent with
      chronic active hepatitis in remission. This case provides further evidence of the
      importance of host factors in the pathogenesis of chronic active hepatitis and
      emphasizes the necessity for selecting appropriate immunosuppressive therapy in
      such patients after transplantation.

PMID- 6369667
TI  - Fatal central nervous system infection with varicella-zoster virus in renal
      transplant recipients.
AB  - Three renal transplant patients with culture-positive central nervous system
      infections resulting from varicella-zoster virus died of the virus infection. No
      finding predicting a poor outcome in these patients could be identified.
      Varicella-zoster infection in transplant recipients is a potentially fatal
      disease, and upon diagnosis should it be treated by (1) reduction in
      immunosuppression, and (2) initiation of either vidarabine or acyclovir as
      specific antiviral therapy.

PMID- 6369668
TI  - Nonspecific immunological studies in kidney transplant recipients with and
      without skin cancer.
AB  - The immunocompetence of the following patient groups was compared using
      peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a variety of in vitro assays: controls
      (84); hemodialysis patients (32); kidney transplant recipients without cancer
      (172), and those with skin cancer (18). The in vitro functions assayed were
      blastogenic responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A),
      pokeweed mitogen, allogeneic lymphocytes, and two cocktails of bacterial, viral,
      and fungal antigens; cytotoxic functions assayed were spontaneous cell-mediated
      cytotoxicity (SCMC) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC).
      Compared with control subjects, hemodialysis patients showed depressed
      responsiveness to one antigen cocktail only. Transplant patients with no cancer
      showed uniformly depressed responsiveness to PHA and allogeneic lymphocytes and
      reduced SCMC and ADCC activity up to 12 years after transplant; responsiveness in
      these patients to the two antigen cocktails, after initial depression, recovered
      by 3 years after transplant to exceed control values. The group of 18 transplant
      recipients with skin cancer, when compared with transplant recipients with no
      cancer at a comparable period after transplant, showed similar depression of SCMC
      and ADCC activity, but significantly greater depression of responsiveness to PHA
      (P less than 0.01), allogeneic lymphocytes (P less than 0.05), and the 2 antigen
      cocktails (P less than 0.05).

PMID- 6369669
TI  - A prospective randomized trial of low-dose versus high-dose steroids in cadaveric
      renal transplantation.
AB  - Low-dose steroid regimens, in combination with azathioprine, have become
      increasingly common for immunosuppression of renal transplant recipients. The
      change from conventional high-dose steroid regimens was prompted by the results
      of several prospective trials that showed similar graft survivals with high-dose
      and low-dose steroids, but a lower incidence of steroid-induced complications in
      low-dose-steroid--treated patients. However, the number of patients entered into
      the trials was small, and consequently there remained a possibility that a
      clinically relevant difference in graft survival could have remained undetected.
      A multi-center prospective trial was performed to compare graft survival with
      high-dose (91 patients) and low-dose (98 patients) oral steroids in combination
      with azathioprine. There was significantly worse graft survival in the low-dose
      group. The difference was largely due to a poor graft survival in patients
      receiving low-dose steroids and azathioprine less than 1.75 mg/kg/day. Graft
      survivals were similar in the high-dose and low-dose steroid patients who
      received azathioprine doses of greater than 1.75 mg/kg/day. The results indicate
      that the combination of low doses of both steroids and azathioprine provides
      inadequate immunosuppression in renal transplantation, although higher doses of
      azathioprine allow the use of low-dose steroids without significantly more graft
      losses than with high-dose steroids.

PMID- 6369670
TI  - Acceptance of cardiac allografts by lethally irradiated rats repopulated with
      syngeneic bone marrow. Role of class I and class II alloantigens.
AB  - LEW rats (RT1l) that are lethally irradiated and repopulated with syngenic bone
      marrow accept WF (RT1u) cardiac allografts. If bone marrow repopulation is
      delayed for two days after irradiation and operation, grafts containing passenger
      leukocytes (nonperfused grafts) are generally rejected, but perfused grafts,
      which have fewer passenger leukocytes, are accepted. If bone marrow is given on
      the same day as irradiation and surgery, then both perfused and nonperfused
      grafts are accepted. The difference in acceptance of grafts by recipients that
      are repopulated on day 0 as opposed to day 2 depends on class II alloantigens,
      because grafts that are similar to LEW for class II antigens are not rejected by
      day-2-repopulated recipients. Also, the acceptance of totally major
      histocompatibility complex (MHC)-mismatched cardiac allografts by day-0
      repopulated recipients is influenced by a radiation-resistant host cell.
      Splenectomy of the irradiated and repopulated recipient prevents tolerance
      induction unless syngeneic irradiated spleen cells are returned to the recipient.
      Thus class II alloantigen disparities appear to be a major barrier to tolerance
      induction in the system of total body irradiation and syngeneic bone marrow
      reconstitution, although proper timing of bone marrow administration can minimize
      rejection of completely MHC-mismatched grafts.

PMID- 6369671
TI  - Provocation of skin graft rejection across murine class II differences by non-
      bone-marrow-derived cells.
AB  - We have evaluated the relative contribution of bone-marrow-derived cells to skin
      allograft immunogenicity in mice differing only at class II major
      histocompatibility genes by using bone marrow radiation chimeras as donors. The
      mouse strains used were C57BL/6Kh (B6) and B6.C-H-2bm12 (bm12), which differ only
      at at A beta gene of the I region of the mouse H-2 complex. Our results
      demonstrated that skin from (B6----bm12) chimeras was accepted by bm12 recipients
      and rejected by B6 mice in a manner indistinguishable from that of normal bm12
      skin. Likewise, naive bm12 mice rejected (bm12----B6) chimeric skin and normal B6
      skin equally well, and B6 animals accepted both types of skin grafts. Our data
      argues that the donor cell-type leading to graft rejection across limited I
      region differences is not of bone marrow origin, and that these cells must--at
      least under certain circumstances--express class II antigens.

PMID- 6369672
TI  - Absence of requirement for polymorphonuclear granulocytes in the acute antibody
      mediated rejection of murine skin allografts.
AB  - The role of polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN) in acute antibody-mediated
      rejection (AAR) was studied in a murine skin allograft model. B10.A skin was
      grafted onto B10.D2 recipients that were treated with goat antimouse lymphocyte
      serum, to postpone cellular rejection. This prolonged the median survival time of
      the grafts to 21.5 +/- 1.0 days. PMN depletion was effected by total body
      irradiation of 6.0 Gy (600 rads) on day 4 after grafting, which reduced the
      number of PMN in the circulation to levels below 150/microliters from days 3-10
      after the irradiation. To induce AAR the mice received, on day 8 after grafting,
      an i.v. injection of a monoclonal antibody with specificity against the donor H
      2Kk antigen together with 0.25 ml fresh rabbit serum. This caused acute rejection
      of all grafts in the control group within 72 hr, with abundant presence of PMN in
      the graft vessels on histologic examination. In PMN-depleted recipients the
      reaction in the grafts was somewhat retarded in th first 24 hr, but nevertheless
      acute rejection occurred within 72 hr in 9 of 11 animals, whereas PMN were
      virtually absent from the grafts. The results show that PMN act as accelerators
      and amplifiers of the acute antibody-mediated rejection process, but are not
      essential mediators in the damage to the vascular endothelium of the grafts.

PMID- 6369673
TI  - Orthotopic liver allografts in the rat. The influence of strain combination on
      the fate of the graft.
AB  - This report describes the fate of orthotopic liver allografts performed in 22
      donor/recipient strain combinations. Of these, 2 were major histocompatibility
      complex (MHC)-congenic, 18 were fully allogeneic, and 2 were non-RT1 incompatible
      combinations considered to differ only in minor transplantation antigens. The
      fate of fully allogeneic liver grafts was strictly dependent on the
      donor/recipient strain combination, and survival times fell into three
      nonoverlapping groups corresponding to acute rejection (8-21 days), delayed
      rejection (28-63 days), and prolonged survival (greater than 100 days). Serial
      levels of recipient serum enzymes also fell into groups corresponding to the fate
      of the graft. In 7 fully allogeneic donor/recipient combinations, liver grafts
      showed very prolonged survival. In five combinations they were rejected almost as
      quickly as kidney or heart grafts. In the two MHC congenic combinations, liver
      grafts survived for prolonged periods. In the non-RT1-incompatible combinations,
      unexpectedly, PVG livers were rejected by AUG recipients. MHC-incompatible liver
      grafts of a given strain survived for long periods or were rejected (in acute or
      delayed fashion) depending on the recipient strain. This behavior is unique to
      liver amongst commonly transplanted vascularized organs, and the fate of the
      graft clearly indicates strain-dependent levels of recipient responsiveness to
      defined transplantation antigens. Independent evidence supporting this conclusion
      is discussed. Apparently anomalous results of liver grafting in certain strain
      combinations are briefly considered.

PMID- 6369674
TI  - Pretransplant transfusion and cyclosporine-induced enhancement of rabbit skin
      allografts. Donor-specific versus third-party blood.

PMID- 6369675
TI  - Prolonged survival of dog kidney allografts induced by a monoclonal anti-Ia
      antibody.

PMID- 6369676
TI  - Early detection of granulocyte regeneration after marrow transplantation by
      plasma lactoferrin.

PMID- 6369677
TI  - Comparison of pulsatile machine perfusion with cold storage for cadaver kidney
      preservation.

PMID- 6369678
TI  - Reversible association with beta 2-microglobulin as tool for phylogenetic studies
      of major histocompatibility antigens.

PMID- 6369679
TI  - Dynamic aspects of beta 2-microglobulin replacement on the surface of mouse
      lymphoma cells.

PMID- 6369680
TI  - Genetics of the murine hemopoietic-histocompatibility system: an overview.

PMID- 6369681
TI  - Urinary kallikrein activity (esterase activity), plasma renin activity, and
      urinary aldosterone excretion in kidney transplantation patients.

PMID- 6369682
TI  - Prospective HLA-DR matching in cadaveric renal transplantation.

PMID- 6369683
TI  - Influence of HLA-A,B and DR antigens on cadaver kidney transplantation in the
      Japanese.

PMID- 6369684
TI  - De novo crescentic glomerulonephritis in a renal transplant.

PMID- 6369685
TI  - Management of urologic transplant complications by utilization of the host
      ureter.

PMID- 6369686
TI  - Severe "weeping" kidney disease after transplantation: a case report.

PMID- 6369687
TI  - Stenosis of the iliac artery: an unusual cause of hypertension in the renal
      transplant recipient.

PMID- 6369688
TI  - Pelvic lymphocele causing fatal pulmonary embolus in kidney transplant recipient.

PMID- 6369689
TI  - Successful renal transplantation in a patient with primary hyperoxaluria.

PMID- 6369690
TI  - Early renal allograft rejection episodes are less aggressive with cyclosporin-A
      immunosuppression.

PMID- 6369691
TI  - Plasmodium falciparum-malaria: resistance to chloroquine, but sensitivity to
      mefloquine in the Gabon. A prospective in-vitro study.
AB  - A determination of the sensitivity to chloroquine and to mefloquine was carried
      out in malaria patients of the Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambarene, Gabon, by
      using the schizont maturation test. The chloroquine testing showed in 6 of 31
      cases a schizont maturation at 1.14 pmol/microliter of blood and more; this means
      an in-vitro resistance in 19% of the cases. The evaluation of the effective
      concentrations (i.e. concentrations producing the appropriate inhibition of
      schizont maturation) with the probit analysis yielded for chloroquine an EC50 of
      0.2537 X 10(-6) mol/l of blood and an EC90 of 0.8317 X 10(-6) mol/l of blood. In
      the testing of mefloquine, schizont maturation was found in 3 of 31 cases in
      concentrations of 1.6 pmol/microliter of blood, the probit analysis, however,
      showed effective doses in the normal range with an EC50 of 0.2192 X 10(-6) mol/l
      of blood and an EC90 of 0.7863 X 10(-6) mol/l of blood. These results demonstrate
      the alarming observation of Plasmodium falciparum strains resistant in-vitro to
      chloroquine in a region where in vivo resistance has not been observed hitherto.

PMID- 6369692
TI  - Comparative characterization of Venezuelan Trypanosoma cruzi stocks by electron
      microscopy, isoelectrofocusing and lectin typing.
AB  - The intraspecific variation among culture forms of 14 Venezuelan Trypanosoma
      cruzi stocks were examined by kDNA configuration, isoenzymes, and agglutination
      behaviour of lectins. The results have shown that in all of the stocks the
      central band of kDNA is present, showing that the stocks are parasites of the
      subgenus Schizotrypanum. By isoenzymes and lectin typing it has been found that
      the stocks belong to the isoenzyme group I and the lectin-type PNA which were
      already described for other Venezuelan stocks. The homogeneous results of
      intraspecific characterization contrast to those found in other countries in
      South America south of the Amazon basin and seem to be a further evidence that in
      countries north of the Amazon basin mainly on T. cruzi-type exists.

PMID- 6369693
TI  - Schistosoma mansoni: loss of the ability of schistosomula to bind mouse
      complement following intravenous injection into mice.
AB  - The ability of freshly prepared schistosomula to become opsonized by the
      alternative pathway of mouse complement in vivo was investigated. Skin
      schistosomula were intravenously injected into mice and recovered shortly
      afterwards from their lungs. Following an in vivo residency of a few minutes,
      most schistosomula had considerably less C3b detectable by immunofluorescence on
      their surface than worms which had been incubated for the same time with mouse
      serum in vitro. Deposition of C3b was undetectable on all schistosomula following
      an in vivo residency of a few hours. Irradiation or treatment with puromycin of
      the schistosomula prior to injection did not alter the difference between in
      vitro and in vivo complement deposition. Moreover, schistosomula which had been
      passaged briefly through a mouse, lost most of their ability to deposit mouse
      complement on their surface during a subsequent in vitro incubation with mouse
      serum. It is suggested that opsonization of freshly transformed schistosomula
      with C3b of murine complement is less efficient in vivo than in vitro.

PMID- 6369694
TI  - Controlled study with imidazole carboxamide (DTIC), DTIC + bacillus Calmette
      Guerin (BCG), and DTIC + corynebacterium parvum in advanced malignant melanoma.
      W.H.O. Collaborating Centres for Evaluation of Methods of Diagnosis and Treatment
      of Melanoma.
AB  - From 1976 to 1980, 377 randomized patients were entered in a multicentric study
      supported by the W.H.O. Melanoma Group. In this report, only 196 patients are
      considered for analysis: 31.6% were excluded because of inadequate treatment or
      protocol violations. Three arms of treatment were compared: DTIC alone, DTIC plus
      bacillus Calmette-Guerin, and DTIC plus Corynebacterium parvum. No significant
      difference in terms of complete response plus partial response was detected among
      the three regimens. Twenty-five patients (12.7%) responded with complete tumor
      regression, and 18 (9.3%) with partial regression. Complete plus partial
      responses were thus achieved in 22% of evaluable patients. Responders had a
      longer median survival than nonresponders. Overall median survival was 6 months.
      Brain metastases were detected in 17% of the patients. Median time from the
      beginning of treatment to the diagnosis of CNS involvement was 4 months. There is
      no evidence that active aspecific immunotherapy added to DTIC increases the
      response rate in patients with disseminated disease. The toxic effects were
      acceptable, and no drug-related death was observed.

PMID- 6369695
TI  - [Acupuncture therapy for chronic tension headache. A controlled cross-over
      study].

PMID- 6369696
TI  - [Isotonic saline and methylprednisolone acetate in blockade treatment of
      myofascial pain. A clinical controlled study].

PMID- 6369697
TI  - [Lorenz Heister, 1683-1758 Praeceptor Chirurgiae].

PMID- 6369698
TI  - [Pediatric craniocerebral injuries requiring surgical treatment].
AB  - A survey is given of the craniocerebral traumas in children necessitating
      surgical treatment. The particularities of craniocerebral traumas in children are
      contrasted to those in adult persons. Diagnostic possibilities and consequences
      of the injury are discussed.

PMID- 6369699
TI  - Genital herpes simplex virus infections in adults.
AB  - With the decline in prevalence of childhood-acquired oral-labial herpes simplex
      type 1 infections in some populations and the increasing incidence of genital
      herpes infections in adults, clinicians are more likely to see patients with
      severe primary, first-episode genital herpes infections. Complications of these
      primary infections may include aseptic meningitis and urine retention secondary
      to sacral radiculopathy or autonomic dysfunction. Presented are the clinical
      course of first-episode and recurrent infections, complications, diagnostic
      laboratory methods, and results of controlled clinical trials evaluating the
      efficacy of topical, intravenous, and oral preparations of acyclovir.

PMID- 6369700
TI  - Syphilis: clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment.
AB  - Clinical manifestations of primary, secondary, congenital, and late syphilis are
      described. Darkfield examination is the most important laboratory method for
      diagnosis of primary syphilis. The VDRL and FTA-ABS are the most common serologic
      tests used for diagnosis and follow-up. Penicillin remains the treatment of
      choice in nonallergenic patients.

PMID- 6369701
TI  - Sexually transmitted vaginitis.
AB  - Urologic complaints in both men and women may be related to sexually
      transmissible infectious agents that frequently cause vaginitis in women. The
      author reviews the etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and clinical
      presentations of the various types of vaginitis. Vaginal infections in women
      often have their counterparts in men. Control of these communicable infections
      requires a better understanding of the vaginitis syndromes.

PMID- 6369702
TI  - Biology of sexually transmitted diseases.
AB  - The clinical concept of sexually transmitted diseases describes a common mode of
      transmission of pathogens spanning the full spectrum of medical microbiology.
      These organisms have few common biologic characteristics aside from their ability
      to colonize or invade particular anatomic sites. New information on the biology
      of sexually transmitted pathogens has led to improved diagnostic and therapeutic
      strategies. Understanding that patients with sexually transmitted pathogens may
      be asymptomatic or may be simultaneously infected with multiple organisms has
      important implications for epidemiologic control of these diseases.

PMID- 6369703
TI  - Genital warts and molluscum contagiosum.
AB  - Genital warts (condylomata acuminata) and molluscum contagiosum have a
      significant sexual mode of transmission. They are considered "minor,"
      nonreportable sexually transmitted diseases. As with most lesions, the
      differential diagnosis must exclude other malignant and nonmalignant diseases.
      The etiology, diagnosis, management, and epidemiology of both diseases are
      presented separately.

PMID- 6369704
TI  - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
AB  - The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been reported in more than
      2800 persons in the United States (70 per cent of whom are homosexually active
      men). AIDS is manifested by impaired cell-mediated immunity that results in
      various opportunistic infections (especially pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis
      carinii) or malignant disease (especially disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma). The
      cause is unknown, and effective treatment is not yet available. AIDS apparently
      is not highly infectious for persons outside the acknowledged high-risk groups.

PMID- 6369705
TI  - Epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases.
AB  - In the past decade, the recognized spectrum of sexually transmitted diseases has
      widened to a complex array of agents and syndromes. The authors correlate
      diseases with responsible pathogens and discuss the numerous and interrelated
      changes in industrialized societies that have contributed to the epidemics of
      sexually transmitted diseases.

PMID- 6369706
TI  - Nongonococcal urethritis.
AB  - Nongonococcal urethritis is a frequent genital infection, in most cases caused by
      Chlamydia trachomatis or Ureaplasma urealyticum. Diagnosis requires demonstration
      of urethritis and exclusion of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection. Preferred
      treatment is seven days of tetracycline hydrochloride or doxycycline, to both the
      patient and partners. Physical sequelae are infrequent but include epididymitis
      and Reiter's syndrome.

PMID- 6369707
TI  - Acute pelvic inflammatory disease.
AB  - Acute pelvic inflammatory disease is one of the most important consequences of
      sexually transmitted infection. Of sexually active women in the United States,
      one million (or 1 per cent) develop the infection. The sequelae include
      infertility (10 per cent), ectopic pregnancy (5 per cent), chronic pain (15 per
      cent), and recurrent infection (25 per cent). Organisms that cause the infection
      include Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, genital mycoplasma, and a
      wide variety of facultative and anaerobic bacteria. Prompt recognition and
      therapy are necessary to reduce the sequelae.

PMID- 6369708
TI  - Prostatitis and epididymitis.
AB  - Ascending spread of urethral pathogens may be the mechanisms of infection of the
      prostate and epididymis. Sexually transmitted organisms cause most epididymitis
      in young men. Although evidence is mounting to suggest that sexually transmitted
      organisms may cause prostatitis, data are insufficient at this time to base a
      therapeutic approach on this concept. The authors present approaches to the
      management of these two disorders.

PMID- 6369709
TI  - Urethral syndrome in women.
AB  - Dysuria remains one of the most common symptoms experienced by adult women. In
      the past, women with dysuria were generally classified as having cystitis or the
      acute urethral syndrome based on results of quantitative urine cultures. Recent
      studies indicate that this terminology is misleading and that the majority of
      dysuric women have infections with E. coli and S. saprophyticus detected by
      cultures of midstream urine. Urethritis caused by C. trachomatis or N.
      gonorrhoeae and vaginitis can also produce symptoms of urinary infection. Proper
      management of dysuric women requires evaluation for these illnesses and treatment
      directed at the specific cause of infection.

PMID- 6369711
TI  - Ureteropelvic junction obstruction in adults.
AB  - Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJ) in adults is more common than generally
      appreciated. It may mimic other diseases and may be associated with abdominal
      pain, hypertension, and recurrent pyelonephritis. Diagnosis and surgical
      correction were frequently delayed with an average duration of symptoms of 3.2
      years for 31 adult patients. Only 4 adults (13%) were diagnosed at the time of
      their initial onset of symptoms. Nephrectomies were performed on 24 per cent of
      renal units. Accessory lower pole renal vessels were found in 52 per cent of the
      adults with UPJ obstruction, twice the rate found in children. Intravenous
      digital subtraction angiography and diuretic radionucleotide renography should be
      considered in the evaluation of an adult patient with a UPJ obstruction because
      of the high rate of accessory vessels. If accessory vessels are present on the
      contralateral side, especially postnephrectomy, there is heightened concern for
      the remaining kidney and close follow-up with ultrasonography is recommended.

PMID- 6369710
TI  - Voiding dysfunctions.

PMID- 6369712
TI  - Significance of asymptomatic bacteriuria in neurogenic bladder disease.
AB  - Whether or not to treat bacteriuria (greater than or equal to 100,000 col/cc) in
      the asymptomatic patient has long been controversial. Fifty-two patients with
      uncomplicated neurogenic bladder disease secondary to spinal cord injury and
      bacteriuria were followed throughout their hospitalization. Antibiotics were
      reserved only for symptomatic patients. Our results indicate the value of no
      treatment for chronic bacteriuria as an alternative to chronic suppressive
      therapy.

PMID- 6369714
TI  - Skin sutures used as loop retractors during vasectomies.

PMID- 6369713
TI  - Double blind comparison of T-antigen and ABO(H) cell surface antigens in bladder
      cancer.
AB  - Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is a major cause of cancer deaths.
      Recently, much attention has been focused on ABO(H) antigen deletion in terms of
      prediction of prognosis. Furthermore, several studies have shown a correlation
      between T-antigen (a precursor of blood MN glycoprotein) expression in carcinomas
      of the breast, colon, and stomach. We have studied 56 specimens from 41 patients
      with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder for T-antigen expression and
      ABO(H) antigen deletion. Results were analyzed with respect to tumor grade, tumor
      stage, and clinical course. The data indicate that T-antigen expression was not
      completely useful prognostically; it did not correlate with grade, stage, or
      clinical course. ABO(H) antigen expression or deletion was found to be a better
      predictor of tumor behavior than tumor grade, despite a false negative rate of 20
      to 30 per cent in blood group O patients. We suggest that use of immunoperoxidase
      techniques will increase the sensitivity in group O patients, thus making ABO(H)
      deletion a useful predictive parameter of tumor aggressiveness. This is currently
      being evaluated in our patients.

PMID- 6369715
TI  - Biopsy-cucumber unit: improved method for preparing bladder biopsy specimens.
AB  - Specially prepared segments of thinly sliced cucumber, serving as tissue mounts,
      facilitate the histologic processing of bladder biopsy specimens.

PMID- 6369716
TI  - Progress in chemotherapy for cancers of the urothelium.

PMID- 6369717
TI  - The role of the community oncologist.

PMID- 6369718
TI  - Tumor invasion and its local regulation.

PMID- 6369720
TI  - Molecular markers in the diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer.

PMID- 6369719
TI  - The heterogeneous nature of metastatic neoplasms: implications for the treatment
      of cancer.

PMID- 6369721
TI  - Clinical versus pathologic staging and the classification of bladder cancer.

PMID- 6369722
TI  - Systemic therapy for superficial bladder cancer.

PMID- 6369723
TI  - Triggering the cellular change to neoplasia.

PMID- 6369724
TI  - The management of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in diabetes mellitus (DM) in
      Canada in 1981.

PMID- 6369725
TI  - An original bile duct endoprosthesis for surgical treatment of tumors,
      experimentation and human application.

PMID- 6369726
TI  - Comparative effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) and acetate infusions on blood
      pressure.

PMID- 6369727
TI  - Reversal of acute vascular rejection by plasmafiltration.

PMID- 6369728
TI  - Extracorporeal immunomodulation (EIM) by plasmaleukapheresis (PLP) in the
      treatment of steroid resistant renal rejection.
AB  - We report the use of plasmaleukapheresis (PLP) to treat renal allograft rejection
      which had failed to respond to conventional pulse corticosteroid therapy. Twenty
      three patients who failed to respond to at least 3 boluses of IV
      methylprednisolone received PLP. Sixteen of these patients had either complete
      (12) or partial (4) response to PLP. In the responding group, the mean serum
      creatinine was 1.5 +/- 0.3 mg/dl. In the partially responding group, the mean
      serum creatinine was 3.9 +/- 0.3 mg/dl. Plasmaleukapheresis resulted in the
      reduction in levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC), and T and B cells.
      Circulating null cell levels increased. All 5 patients with low (less than 10%)
      pretransplant cytotoxic antibody levels had complete response to
      plasmaleukapheresis. We conclude that PLP, perhaps by removal of CIC, antibody
      and/or population of circulating T or B cells, may be capable of reversing
      steroid resistant rejection, especially in patients with low levels of
      pretransplant cytotoxic antibodies.

PMID- 6369729
TI  - A new prostacyclin analogue - an anticoagulant applicable to hemodialysis.

PMID- 6369730
TI  - The Gordon Murray story.

PMID- 6369731
TI  - Clinical experience with insulin-glycerol solution in an implantable pump.

PMID- 6369732
TI  - Reduced incidence of hypoglycemia in diabetic dogs receiving intensive insulin
      therapy by implantable pump.

PMID- 6369733
TI  - Artificial organs--forty years and beyond.

PMID- 6369734
TI  - One year continuous run with a totally implantable insulin infusion pump in a
      human diabetic.

PMID- 6369735
TI  - Insulin delivery from an implanted controlled release micropump in
      pancreatectomized dogs.

PMID- 6369736
TI  - Control of glycemia in four routes of insulin administration in diabetic dogs.

PMID- 6369737
TI  - Liver support/transplants and artificial organs.

PMID- 6369738
TI  - [Current concepts on tobacco amblyopia].

PMID- 6369739
TI  - [Autoallergy in uveal and retinal diseases].

PMID- 6369740
TI  - [Memorable ophthalmological dates in 1984].

PMID- 6369741
TI  - [Clinico-immunological characteristics of chronic tonsillitis].

PMID- 6369742
TI  - [Automated system for the diagnosis and rehabilitation of patients with a hearing
      disorder].

PMID- 6369743
TI  - [The auditory tube and tympanoplasty].

PMID- 6369744
TI  - [V. E. Larionov--1 of the founders of Soviet otoneurology].

PMID- 6369745
TI  - [Principles of microsurgical transplantation of tissue complexes in
      reconstructive surgery of the limbs].
AB  - The article describes the experience with 22 free transplantations of tissue
      complexes performed on 21 patients with traumas and injuries of extremities and
      gives characteristics of the following general principles responsible for success
      of the procedure: a) the flap must have the intact internal vascularization and
      nourishment of all the tissues; b) the patency of microvascular anastomoses must
      be preserved and compression of the flap vascular pedicle prevented; c)
      conditions of the flap contact with the recipient bed must be optimized.

PMID- 6369746
TI  - [Use of a complex flap including skin and the trapezius muscle for head and neck
      reconstruction].
AB  - Three kinds of flaps are described including the musculus trapezius used for the
      treatment of 20 patients with defects of tissues in the area of head and neck.

PMID- 6369747
TI  - [Restoration of sensation in free skin transplants].
AB  - Under study was the reestablishment of the pain, tactile and thermal sensitivity
      in free skin grafts in 265 patients in the period from 2-3 weeks till 25 years
      after free skin plasty for burn sequellae. The pain sensitivity was found to
      appear by the end of the first month. The tactile sensitivity was reestablished
      not earlier than within 1,5 month. The first signs of the thermal sensitivity
      made their appearance within the terms of from 3 to 6 months. By the end of the
      year the reestablishment of sensitivity was not accomplished.

PMID- 6369748
TI  - [Suturing defects of the walls of the right hepatic and inferior caval veins
      under conditions of retrograde perfusion of the liver].

PMID- 6369749
TI  - [Use of an ointment for preparation of burn wounds for dermatoplasty].

PMID- 6369750
TI  - [Renovascular hypertension after kidney transplantation].

PMID- 6369751
TI  - [Suture threads as a cause of biliary calculi].
AB  - On the basis of 34 observations the authors reject the common opinion of a rare
      formation of bile stones on suture threads. The complication was not often
      recognized because the concrements removed in repeated operations were not
      subjected to destruction and thorough examination. To prevent the formation of
      stones on suture threads in operations on bile pathways threads of a slowly
      resolving material should be used.

PMID- 6369752
TI  - [First experience with application of compression anastomoses with the apparatus
      AKA-2 in operations on the large intestine].
AB  - The article describes results of the experimental and clinical application of the
      suturing apparatus AKA-2 forming compression anastomoses on the colon with the
      help of connecting rings. The results obtained enabled the authors to recommend
      the suturing apparatus AKA-2 for clinical use. Experience with using the
      apparatus AKA-2 in several medical institutions in 225 operations on the colon
      has shown the apparatus to be reliable and to considerably facilitate the
      creation of anastomoses in operations on the colon and rectum.

PMID- 6369753
TI  - [Surgical tactics in injuries of the major cervical blood vessels].
AB  - The authors propose recommendations on the surgeon's tactics on the basis of
      their experience with the treatment of 29 patients with injuries of major
      cervical vessels and an analysis of 17 protocols of medicolegal autopsies of
      corpses with such localizations of trauma. The method of the temporal
      intravascular shunting of the artery is shown to be valuable. Of great importance
      is the correct organization of the activities of specialized surgical service for
      a successful treatment of the patients.

PMID- 6369755
TI  - [Organ-saving operations in the mechanical injury of the kidneys].

PMID- 6369754
TI  - [Surgical treatment of arteriovenous fistulas and aneurysms].
AB  - An experience with the treatment of 31 patients with posttraumatic arteriovenous
      aneurysms and fistulas is presented. The blood flow was re-established in 28
      patients, in 8 patients the ligature method was used. The functioning of the
      extremity was repaired.

PMID- 6369756
TI  - [Esophago-diaphragmatic plastic surgery in cardiostenosis].
AB  - When performing plasty of cardiostenosis the author proposes to dissect the
      muscular ring of the esophageal opening along the anterio-lateral border in order
      to avoid a disturbance of the His angle. The resulting anterior and posterior
      flaps of the diaphragm are mobilized. The stenosed part of the esophagus is
      dissected longitudinally up to the submucous layer on its anterio-lateral
      surface. Plastic reconstruction of the muscular defect of the cardia is performed
      by the anterior flap of the muscular ring of the esophageal opening of the
      diaphragm having rich blood supply. The posterior flap of the diaphragm is
      sutured to the lower border of the anterior flap.

PMID- 6369757
TI  - Dysentery in gnotobiotic calves caused by atypical Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6369758
TI  - Effect of long or short acting anabolic agents, given singly or repeated, on
      growth rate and carcase weight of steers.
AB  - A trial was carried out using 490, 12- to 15-month-old steers which were at
      pasture from April to November and then housed and fed grass silage and
      concentrates until sold live or slaughtered. Animals were allocated at random to
      one of the following treatments: (i) Control; (ii) implanted with 45 mg
      oestradiol -17 beta in silastic rubber in April; (iii) implanted with oestradiol
      in April and with 300 mg trenbolone acetate in April, August and November; (iv)
      implanted with 36 mg zeranol in April, August and November and (v) implanted with
      zeranol and trenbolone acetate in April, August and November. Daily liveweight
      gains were 0.69, 0.75, 0.78, 0.83 and 0.86 (+/- 0.02) kg, and carcase weights
      were 300, 306, 311, 316 and 321 (+/- 3.4) kg, for treatments (i) to (v),
      respectively. All implanted animals had significantly higher daily gains than
      control animals and an additive response was obtained where trenbolone acetate
      was used with oestradiol or zeranol. Pooled results for animals treated with
      oestradiol plus zeranol, with or without trenbolone acetate, show that the
      overall response for zeranol treated animals was higher than from the animals
      treated with oestradiol. Daily gains after the first, second and third implant
      period show a reduced response from the oestradiol implant for the final 63 days
      of the trial. This may have been caused by loss of some oestradiol implants from
      animals early in the trial.

PMID- 6369759
TI  - Effects of oxytocin on placental retention following dystocia.
AB  - A double blind randomised clinical trial was performed to assess the effects of
      oxytocin on the duration of placental retention following dystocia. If the
      placenta remained attached to the uterus immediately following assisted delivery
      of a calf, and was not expelled in the period taken to complete the protocol, an
      intramuscular injection of either 3 ml (60 USP units) of oxytocin or 3 ml of 0.9
      per cent physiological saline was given to the cow. Each farmer was asked to
      observe the cow to determine the time of placental expulsion. In 55 cases
      available for analysis there was no significant difference between the treatment
      and control groups for percentage of placental retention at days 1, 2 or 3 post
      partum.

PMID- 6369761
TI  - Comparison of blood smear and indirect fluorescent antibody techniques in
      detection of haemoparasite infections in trade cattle in Nigeria.
AB  - The incidence of blood parasites in trade cattle was surveyed with emphasis on
      tick-borne parasites, using blood smears and immunofluorescent antibody (IFA)
      techniques. With the blood smear method, about 9 and 8.9% of cattle examined were
      found positive for Babesia bigemina and Anaplasma marginale, respectively.
      Percentage infections with other parasites were 3.33, 1.92, 0.75, 0.75 and 0.58,
      respectively, for Babesia bovis, Trypanosoma brucei, Anaplasma centrale,
      Eperythrozoon and Theileria species as well as Trypanosoma congolense. The
      incidence of A. marginale infection was at its peak during the rainy season while
      B. bigemina was most prevalent during the dry season. There were mixed infections
      of Anaplasma and Babesia (1.42%); Babesia and trypanosomes (1.00%); Babesia and
      Eperythrozoon (0.75%) and Babesia and Theileria (0.75%). Using the indirect
      fluorescent antibody test, 93, 55 and 68% of cattle sera examined were found to
      be positive for B. bigemina, B. bovis and A. marginale, respectively. Forty-nine
      percent of the positive sera of B. bigemina had highest titres. The importance of
      using serological means for determining the endemic levels of tick-borne diseases
      in cattle in Nigeria is discussed.

PMID- 6369760
TI  - The role of specific immunoglobulins in antibody-dependent cell-mediated
      cytotoxicity assays during Babesia bovis infection.
AB  - A stabilate prepared from Babesia bovis-infected Boophilus microplus ticks was
      used to infect intact adult cattle. Whole sera and immunoglobulin fractions from
      representative sera were tested by complement fixation (CF), indirect fluorescent
      antibody (IFA), and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays.
      The last test utilized 51Cr-labeled chicken erythrocytes coated with Babesia
      bovis antigen as targets. Mononuclear cell preparations, obtained from peripheral
      blood of normal donors and consisting of lymphocytes with 2--6% large monocytes,
      were used as the source of effector cells. Antibody activity was detected by all
      tests between 14 and 16 days following infection. Specific IgM and IgG1 were
      reactive in both CF and IFA tests, although the development of high titers was
      attributable to IgG, alone. The ADCC activity was restricted to IgG1 fractions
      and was greater in those sera or fractions with greater CF activity. No activity
      was demonstrated in IgG2 fractions by any test used.

PMID- 6369762
TI  - Contributions to the study of the etiology of serofibrinous pleurisy in Romania,
      under the present epidemiological conditions. Evaluation of the etiological role
      of viruses.
AB  - A number of 56 serofibrinous pleurisy cases were subjected to several usual
      diagnostic tests, as well as to virological investigations. Significant rises in
      serum antibody titers to different viruses were recorded in 25 cases; the
      presence of virus antigens in cells from the pleural fluid could be visualized by
      immunofluorescence in 11 patients. In many cases there was evidence suggesting
      multiple viral infection. The contribution of various investigation methods to
      differential diagnosis is discussed and the etiological patterns specific to
      different territories are outlined.

PMID- 6369763
TI  - On the 35th anniversary of our journal.

PMID- 6369764
TI  - Morphopathological aspects of viral immunity.
AB  - After a succinct presentation of the development of an immune response and of the
      "resting" morphological structure of organs and cells involved in immunologic
      phenomena, data are reviewed as concerns the morphological changes occurring in
      the immune system following contact with virus antigens and the alterations in
      the organs predominantly affected by different viral agents. Special attention is
      paid to the role of morphological studies in the elucidation of immunologic
      mechanisms and to the break-through represented by the early works of C. Levaditi
      and St. S. Nicolau, the creators of the Romanian school of virology.

PMID- 6369765
TI  - Minor protein content of the gene V protein/phage single-stranded DNA complex of
      the filamentous bacteriophage f1.
AB  - The gene V protein/phage single-stranded (SS) DNA complex is an intermediate in
      the assembly of the filamentous bacteriophage f1. The minor protein content of
      this complex isolated from wild-type and amber mutant phage-infected Escherichia
      coli bacteria has been analyzed. Other than the gene V protein, none of the
      proteins found in purified samples of the complex correspond to any known phage
      gene products. In particular, the minor coat proteins found in the mature phage
      particle do not appear to be components of the cytoplasmic gene V protein/f1 SS
      DNA complex. However, approximately 1-3 molecules of E. coli single-stranded DNA
      binding protein (SSB) copurify with the complex and may be stably associated with
      this structure in vivo.

PMID- 6369766
TI  - Genetic analysis of the erf region of the bacteriophage P22 chromosome.
AB  - Derivatives of P22 with deletions of DNA sequences around and including the erf
      gene were obtained by crossing phages with plasmids containing fragments of the
      P22 chromosome. In some cases, the parent phages carried a large insertion in
      sequences not borne by the plasmids. In these cases, deletion of DNA from the
      phage chromosome to restore terminal repetition (a selectable trait) could be
      accomplished by recombination between phage and plasmid DNA in chosen sequences
      flanking the insertion on both sides and borne by the plasmid. In other cases,
      the parent phages had deletions of a selectable gene, which could be acquired
      from the plasmid parents only by acquisition of an overlapping deletion. Deletion
      bearing P22 strains were tested for growth and homologous genetic recombination
      in wild-type, recA-, and rec(B or C)- hosts. This analysis indicated the
      existence of a gene, mapping to the left of erf, that is helpful (but not
      completely essential) for growth of P22 in a wild-type host. Because P22 lacking
      this gene grows as well as wild-type P22 on a recBC- host, it has been designated
      abc (anti-recBC). The abc gene does not appear to be essential for homologous
      genetic recombination in any host. A plasmid bearing a 1900 base pair fragment of
      P22 DNA, that expresses erf and abc under the control of the E. coli lac
      promoter, was constructed. It supports growth and recombination in a recA- host
      by a phage that lacks all of the genes known to lie between 24 and 9.

PMID- 6369768
TI  - Calciferols: actions and deficiencies in action.

PMID- 6369767
TI  - Biosynthesis of ubiquinone.

PMID- 6369769
TI  - Synthesis and analysis of the pteroylpolyglutamates.

PMID- 6369770
TI  - [Rapid etiological diagnosis of acute serous meningitis].

PMID- 6369771
TI  - [Academician Evgenii Nikanorovich Pavlovskii (on the centenary of his birth)].

PMID- 6369772
TI  - [History of the creation of reserves of medical stores for troop support in case
      of war (1)].

PMID- 6369773
TI  - [Efforts to alleviate shortages and preserve the health services during the
      battles of Neretva and Sutjeska].

PMID- 6369774
TI  - [The role of vitamin K in the metabolism of connective tissue biopolymers
      (review)].
AB  - Metabolism of connective tissue biopolymers was studied under conditions of
      various content of vitamin K in the body. The data obtained suggest the existence
      of a new metabolic effect of vitamin K--its participation as an allosteric
      activator in regulation of glucosamine synthetase (EC 5.3.1.19). The anabolic
      effect of vitamin K on connective tissue is apparently related to an increase in
      the rate of biosynthesis of glucosamine-6-phosphate--general precursor of
      glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins and hexosamine-containing glycolipids.

PMID- 6369775
TI  - [Comparative study of the alpha-glucosidase activity of lymphocytes and
      granulocytes of human peripheral blood].
AB  - Activities of acid and neutral alpha-glucosidases (EC 3.2.1.3 and EC 3.2.1.20,
      respectively) were compared in human lymphocytes and granulocytes. As shown by
      means of antibodies to acid alpha-glucosidase, this enzyme prevailed in
      lymphocytes while in granulocytes it constituted only a slight part of the total
      alpha-glucosidase activity. Neutral alpha-glucosidases of both these cells were
      distinctly dissimilar. Neutral alpha-glucosidase from granulocytes exhibited more
      wide pH optimum as compared with the lymphocyte enzyme, at the same time, the
      granulocyte enzyme was stable at pH 4.0, 37 degrees, 15 min and was inhibited by
      turanose. The data obtained suggest that granulocyte neutral alpha-glucosidase
      was similar to the same enzyme from kidney, whereas lymphocyte neutral alpha
      glucosidase--to the enzyme from liver tissue.

PMID- 6369776
TI  - [Efficacy of mono- and polychemotherapy in patients with advanced ovarian
      cancer].
AB  - The effectiveness of mono- and polychemotherapy as components of combined
      treatment of 142 cases of stage IV ovarian cancer was evaluated. Remission was
      1.3 times more frequent (85.7%) and its mean duration (10.8 months) was longer in
      patients who had received polychemotherapy than in cases of monochemotherapy, the
      respective figures in the latter group being 66.7% and 5.7 months. A 3-year
      survival and life-span were identical in both study groups. Poly- and
      monochemotherapy are equally effective in treatment of primary ovarian cancer.

PMID- 6369777
TI  - [Ambulatory chemotherapy of hematosarcoma].
AB  - The results of outpatient polychemotherapy of 102 out of 120 patients with
      hematosarcoma are discussed. The outpatient treatment of hematosarcoma was found
      as effective as in hospital. The best results were registered in application of
      VAMP (vincristine, methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine and prednisolone) and COP
      (cyclophosphamide, vincristine or oncovin and prednisolone) schemes--complete
      remission was observed in 50.0 and 32.9% of cases, respectively. Outpatient
      chemotherapy of hematosarcoma offers advantages since it may be given to larger
      numbers of patients. Side-effects and complication of chemotherapy appeared to be
      slight and unstable.

PMID- 6369778
TI  - [Cytological method of examination of patients with malignant ovarian tumors].

PMID- 6369779
TI  - Platelet- and granulocyte-specific antibodies after allogeneic and autologous
      bone marrow grafts.
AB  - After bone marrow grafting, severe unexplained thrombocytopenia and
      granulocytopenia may complicate the post-graft recovery of the patient. The
      present study has shown the presence of antibodies to platelets and granulocytes
      of donor origin in recipients of both allogeneic and autologous bone marrow
      grafts. In the case of autografts, such antibodies are by definition
      autoantibodies, and similar antibodies after allografting may also have an
      autoimmune origin. It is likely that this is the result of transient immune
      system imbalance, common to both allo- and autografts, in the early post-graft
      period. The extent to which these antibodies affect the peripheral counts
      probably depends on the ability of the engrafted marrow to compensate for the
      rate of antibody-mediated cell destruction.

PMID- 6369780
TI  - First tests with anti-human globulin on the red cells of patients suffering from
      haemolytic anaemia.

PMID- 6369781
TI  - Mouse monoclonal antibodies with anti-A, anti-B and anti-A,B specificities; some
      superior to human polyclonal ABO reagents.
AB  - A series of fusions using mouse myeloma cells and spleen cells from mice
      immunized with blood group substances or human red cells was performed with the
      aim of obtaining ABO antibodies suitable for routine blood grouping. Seven
      strongly agglutinating antibodies against antigens in the ABO system were
      obtained from 18 fusions. These antibodies were tested extensively in manual and
      automated routines, and six of them were found to be as good as or better than
      commercial polyclonal test sera of human origin.

PMID- 6369782
TI  - An anti-I cold auto-agglutinin enhanced in the presence of sodium azide.
AB  - Difficulty in determining the ABO blood group led to the discovery of an anti-I
      cold auto-agglutinin in the serum of a blood donor. The peculiarity of this
      antibody is that its activity is enhanced in the presence of a preservative found
      in manufactured anti-sera: sodium azide. At 4 degrees C, the auto-antibody
      agglutinates RBCs even without NaN3 but the drug increases its effect in the
      cold. At 22 degrees C, the drug is necessary for the adsorption of the antibody
      on red cells.

PMID- 6369783
TI  - The birth of MAC.

PMID- 6369784
TI  - Discovery of 4a and 4b.

PMID- 6369785
TI  - [Hemagglutination inhibition reaction as an indicator of humoral immunity in
      influenza: limitations of the method].

PMID- 6369786
TI  - [Changes in the antigenic composition of virus A (H1N1) hemagglutinin in 1977
      1982 detected by using monoclonal antibodies].
AB  - Parallel studies of influenza A (H1N1) strains by the micro-HI method using
      monoclonal antibodies, antivirion sera obtained by immunization of rats, and by
      the immunoadsorption of rats, and by the immunoadsorption test showed monoclonal
      antibodies to detect the antigenic drift most definitely. Among 156 strains
      isolated in 1977-1982 in various parts of the USSR and abroad, 6 antigenic drift
      variants were detected differing in the content and combination of epitopes
      recognized by different monoclonal antibodies to the A/USSR/90/77 strain. Three
      of them have first been found. The quantitative decrease in an epitope activity
      was established to precede its disappearance and may be used as a prognostic
      sign. Among 5 epitopes tested, most labile were those recognized by monoclones
      Nos. 264, 110, and 18. They began to disappear since 1978-1979. The epitopes
      recognized by monoclones Nos. 70 and 22 were most conservative and were still
      found in the strains isolated in 1982.

PMID- 6369787
TI  - [Viral infections of laboratory mice and their incidence].

PMID- 6369788
TI  - [Concept of defects in the interrupted development of the bronchopulmonary
      system. I. Aplasias and hypoplasias].
AB  - The defects in case of interrupted development of broncho-pulmonary systems are
      intranatal, perinatal and postnatal deviations from its normal development. They
      could be: 1) aplasias; 2) hypoplasias; 3) dysplasias. The aplasias are early
      intranatal dysembryopathies, originating under the effect of epigenetic and
      paragenetic factors. In classical aplasias, the rudimentary development of a
      bronchus, first and second generation is the absence of pulmonary parenchyma, is
      concerned. In aplasias of the air passages of third, fourth, etc. generations,
      the primitive mesoderm could undergo cyst-like formation via independent
      differentiation to "primitive air spaces", with collagenous ventilation without
      direct bronchial communication. The hypoplasias are defects, associated with the
      abortive development both of air passages and the pulmonary parenchyma under the
      effect of paragenetic factors. They are manifested in four forms: 1) classical
      hypoplasias; 2) hypoplasias with cylindrically dilated bronchi; 3) hypoplasias
      with ampullarly dilated bronchi; 4) late hypoplasias. There are numerous
      intermediate forms among those basic forms, confirming their pathogenetic common
      origin and justifies their inclusion in the common group. The classical
      hypoplasias correspond to the description given by P. Schneider (1912). The
      hypoplasias with cylindrically dilated bronchi correspond to the so-called
      congenital cylindric bronchiectasis. The hypoplasias with ampullar dilations of
      bronchi correspond to the so-called congenital ampullar bronchiectasis. The late
      hypoplasias correspond to the so-called dysontogenetic bronchiectasis. In our
      opinion, the term hypoplasia, in pathologoanatomical and pathogenetic sense, is
      more informative and reflects the associated abortive development of the air
      passages and pulmonary parenchyma.

PMID- 6369789
TI  - [Concept of defects in the interrupted development of the bronchopulmonary
      system. II. Dysplasias].
AB  - The dysplasias are defects in case of interrupted development to the respiratory
      section of broncho-pulmonary system with a relatively completed differentiation
      of the air passages. With the abortive development of pulmonary parenchyma, the
      bronchialization of the "primitive air spaces" is disturbed - the functional
      unity between pulmonary parenchyma and air passages is not realized. "The
      primitive air spaces" remain at an immature stage and are transformed into cyst
      like formations. Dysplasias correspond to the so-called cystose lungs and its
      numerous synonyms. In our opinion, the term "dysplasia of the broncho-pulmonary
      system" in pathologoanatomical and pathogenetic sense more correctly reflects the
      discrepancy in organogenesis and histogenesis of the respiratory section of the
      air passages.

PMID- 6369791
TI  - [Methods of determining circulating immune complexes].

PMID- 6369790
TI  - [Cimetidine and the kidneys].

PMID- 6369793
TI  - Regional index medicus projects.

PMID- 6369792
TI  - [Clinico-therapeutic and microbiologic studies of the Bulgarian antibiotic
      cephalothin in patients with active pyelonephritis].
AB  - A total of 38 patients with active pyelonephritis and significant bacteriuria
      were treated with the Bulgarian antibiotic cephalotin, the bacteria isolated from
      their urine manifesting susceptibility to the Bulgarian broad-spectrum antibiotic
      cephalotin. Twenty six from the patients were with preserved renal function, and
      12 with various stages of renal insufficiency. The subjective complaints,
      febrility, leukocyturia and bacteriuria were best affected. The highest anti
      bacterial effect was observed in the patients with uroinfections caused by E.
      coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella and staphylococci. Cephalotin has a good
      tolerance and has no adverse effects. Painful infiltrations were established in
      some of the patients in the region of the site of intramuscular application, with
      a transitory character. Cephalotin was assessed, on the base of the study, to be
      a good and prospective broad-scpectrum antibiotic, deserving to be widely applied
      in the therapeutic practice.

PMID- 6369794
TI  - Streptococcal disease control in an ambulatory practice. Explicit criteria for
      throat cultures.
AB  - A throat culture protocol was implemented in an ambulatory practice to
      standardize culturing and to conserve laboratory resources. A retrospective chart
      audit during three one-month study periods preceding (1976) and following
      protocol implementation (1978 and 1979) showed a significant effect on care
      provider compliance with culture criteria (P<.0001). During a three-year period
      there was a significant decrease in the number of cultures done for patients
      younger than 2 years of age (23.6%, 6.9% and 0%; P<.001) and asymptomatic
      patients (19.4%, 13.9% and 3.1%; P<.001). From 1976 to 1978 there was a 50%
      decrease in cultures per 100 visits (12.3 versus 6.0). This change resulted in a
      three-year cost savings of $79,944. Of interest was the significant increase in
      the percentage of positive cultures between 1977 and 1978 (12.0% versus 18.8%;
      P<.001). This latter finding suggests that culture protocol criteria were
      selective for patients with pathogens.

PMID- 6369796
TI  - Management of diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6369798
TI  - [Causalgia - its nature, etiopathogenesis and treatment].

PMID- 6369799
TI  - [Role of gestagens in contraception and the treatment of menstruation disorders
      in women].

PMID- 6369795
TI  - Uveitis. A review.
AB  - Uveitis is the term used to describe most intraocular inflammations. The
      classification of uveitis into anterior, posterior and diffuse is based on the
      physical appearance of an inflamed eye. Diagnosis is usually on the basis of a
      thorough history, a review of systems to uncover any systemic diseases known to
      be associated with uveitis and a complete eye examination. We review the most
      common types of uveitis, the pertinent laboratory investigations and different
      therapeutic aspects.

PMID- 6369797
TI  - Cimetidine in preventing or treating acute upper gastrointestinal tract
      hemorrhage.

PMID- 6369801
TI  - [Public health legislation 1939].

PMID- 6369800
TI  - [The first hysterectomies in Poland].

PMID- 6369802
TI  - [Cells of the vascular wall synthesize thromboxane].
AB  - Cultured endothelial and smooth muscle cells, as well as vascular tissue samples
      derived from human coronary arteries and minipig aorta produce thromboxane A2 in
      trace amounts. The identity of this substance was characterized using a specific
      thromboxane synthetase inhibitor. Thromboxane (TXB2) was measured by means of
      specific radioimmunoassay. The biological importance of this phenomenon is
      unclear.

PMID- 6369803
TI  - [Radiation vasculopathy--caused by a change in vascular prostacyclin synthesis?].
AB  - Earlier investigations revealed morphological damage of the vascular wall after
      radiotherapy. The present investigation was undertaken to determine whether
      vascular prostacyclin synthesis plays a causative role in the genesis of
      vasculopathy. Rabbits were exposed to a focal radiation dose of between 500 and
      5000 rad over various time intervals. Vascular PGI2-synthesis increased
      significantly immediately after radiation, with a subsequent decrease over the
      following days to levels below the starting values. Each repeated radiation dose
      induced a significant increase in PGI2-synthesis again. These observations were
      paralleled by severe morphological alterations, mainly localized in endothelial
      cells and elastic material. The findings suggest that a deterioration in PGI2
      synthesis plays a key role in the genesis of radiation-induced vasculopathy.

PMID- 6369804
TI  - [Sigmund Freud and cocaine].
AB  - The basic tenet proposed by J. V. Scheidt states that the narcotic drug, cocaine
      played a role in the development of psychoanalysis which has been underestimated
      up to the present day. It is a fact that Freud himself took cocaine (in small
      doses) for about two years, and that he began his dream interpretation
      approximately ten years later. Scheidt believes that a long, unconscious conflict
      related to the cocaine-induced states of euphoria (ten years later) suddenly led
      to the beginnings of dream interpretation. The question to be answered now is:
      Why did this happen precisely in 1895? The foundations of psychoanalysis had
      already been laid, the application of the new method to the treatment of nervous
      disorders (heart complaints, train phobias, etc.) was certainly obvious. During
      this self-analysis it became necessary, first of all, to come to terms with the
      self-reproaches-which lay on the surface and were more accessible to
      consciousness-related to Freud's cocaine period (Fleischl-Marxow becomes addicted
      to cocaine, the most terrible night ever experienced, death of this friend,
      Freud's warning came too late). It was only when Freud has come to terms with
      this phase of his life that the road to the deepest part, the discovery of the
      Oedipus complex in the fall of 1897, was cleared.

PMID- 6369805
TI  - [Long-term ECG in clinical practice].
AB  - Long-term ECG monitoring is one of the greatest advances in clinical cardiology
      over the past 15 years. The recording examination including Holter technology is
      described. The clinical value of long-term ECG monitoring is compared with
      routine ECG and exercise testing. A survey on normal population data is made.
      Major indications for long-term ECG monitoring are detection of occult
      arrhythmias, evaluation of subjective symptoms such as palpitations, dizziness or
      syncope, recognition of pacemaker dysfunction, identification of high-risk
      patients with coronary heart disease and both evaluation as well as monitoring of
      drug therapy.

PMID- 6369806
TI  - [Effect of intranasal administration of an LH-RH analog on basal gonadotropin
      concentrations and stimulation in patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism].
AB  - The effect of intranasal administration of the LHRH analogue D-Leu-6-des Gly-10
      NH2EA on gonadotropin (Gn) stimulation was studied in 8 juvenile patients with
      ascertained hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, due to multiple pituitary deficiencies
      (MPD) in 5 cases and the Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) in the remaining 3 patients.
      A bolus LHRH test was performed before and after a treatment period lasting
      between 2 and 5 weeks. In 2 MPD patients there was a transient rise in basal LH
      concentrations and a slight improvement in the second LHRH test; hence a
      hypothalamic lesion is assumed. In the other MPD patients there was no change in
      Gn stimulation. The sex steroid levels remained low. Gn stimulation was improved
      in all 3 patients with PWS after LHRH administration and in one 19-year-old boy
      the onset of puberty was probably induced by this therapy. However, after
      continuous administration of the analogue the initially increased Gn levels
      decreased again. In view of this inhibiting action on Gn levels the LHRH analogue
      does not appear suitable for the long-term treatment of hypogonadotropic
      hypogonadism.

PMID- 6369807
TI  - [The gerontologic contributions of Maxim Zetkin in later life].

PMID- 6369808
TI  - A short history of the development of social-scientific research on aging in
      Austria.

PMID- 6369809
TI  - [Cultivation of traditions in health institutions].

PMID- 6369810
TI  - [A commemorative medical calendar 1984].

PMID- 6369811
TI  - [Changes in the structure and function of psychotherapy since 1933].

PMID- 6369812
TI  - [Biogenic amines in food: formation, occurrence, analysis and toxicological
      evaluation].

PMID- 6369813
TI  - [Recent knowledge concerning the biochemistry and significance of ascorbic acid].
AB  - The ascorbic acid plays an important part by activation of hydroxylation
      reactions in various biosyntheses, such as in that of tropocollagen, bile acids
      and carnitine. It also considerably participates in the detoxication of compounds
      by hydroxylation and in the maintenance of the cytochrome P 450 contents in the
      liver. A sufficient supply is of importance for the absorption and accumulation
      of iron as well as for the efficiency of the immune system. After application of
      14C-labelled ascorbic acid the compound is retained mainly in the brain, the
      salivary glands, the adrenal glands, the testes and in the eye lens. The largest
      contents of ascorbic acid lies in the pituitary gland, in the adrenal glands and
      in the eye lens. The need of ascorbic acid varies in man in dependence upon the
      state of development and the loads between 30 and 60 mg/die. In great smokers,
      after operations and traumas as well as when infections are present the intake of
      100 to 200 mg a day are recommended. When more 1 g a day are taken the
      utilization decreases, the decomposition and the excretion, respectively,
      increase. A dose of more than 2 g a day inhibits the phagocytosis activity of
      leucocytes.

PMID- 6369814
TI  - [Effects of L-arginine on glucagon and insulin secretion in patients with acute
      kidney failure].
AB  - In 20 patients with acute renal failure and 11 normal persons the behaviour of
      the glucagon and insulin secretion was examined after administration of L
      arginine. Under standard conditions the glucagon level was significantly higher
      in the acute renal insufficiency than in the normals. Increased glucagon levels
      could be stated in the anuric/oliguric as well as in the polyuric phase. After
      administration of L-arginine in the acute renal failure a significantly higher
      increase of the glucagon level, but a significantly lower increase of the insulin
      concentration could be observed than in healthy persons. On account of these
      findings apart from the endocrinological changes stated also other factors seem
      to be involved in the pathogenesis of the carbohydrate intolerance in acute renal
      insufficiency.

PMID- 6369815
TI  - [Function of the cytotrophoblast in the amniotic fluid/fetus compartment].
AB  - In the trophoblast cells of the fetal membranes, PAS-positive substances are
      demonstrated which are released intermittently into the intercellular space. It
      is incorrect to designate them as fibrinoid, since degeneratively altered
      material is not involved. This intracellular substance is with certainty the
      morphological substrate of the barrier in the region of the feto-maternal
      contact. It exerts a filter action and probably also acts in the sense of an
      immune barrier: lymphocytes cannot migrate through it in large numbers. The
      intercellular substance is flushed out with a flow of fluid through the remaining
      layers of the fetal membranes into the amniotic fluid. It passes into the fetus
      by swallowing movements and forms a major proportion of the meconium.

PMID- 6369816
TI  - [Microflora of the birth canal and an intrauterine catheter system following use
      of polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine for subpartal disinfection of the vaginal mucosa].
AB  - Changes in the microflora of the birth canal as a result of application of
      polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine were examined. 58 women in labor were randomly
      selected and assigned to a PVP iodine prophylaxis- and to a control group.
      Germinal spectra from cervical smears at the beginning of birth and directly post
      partum (p.p.) were taken, and bacteriological specimens from the intra-uterine
      catheter system and the oral cavity of the neonatus were also determined. In the
      p.p. cervical smears of the PVP iodine prophylaxis group, Escherichia coli (p =
      0.05) were found significantly less frequently. The germinal isolates of the tip
      and middle of the catheter produced an increased occurrence of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa and Klebsiella oxytoca. The frequency of these germs could be reduced
      significantly by vaginal application of PVP iodine. The oral cavity smear of the
      neonatus which was taken at the same time as the post partum cervical smear
      showed an almost identical bacterial flora. A reduction of E. coli and other gram
      negative bacilli were found in the PVP iodine group.

PMID- 6369817
TI  - [Contact allergies of the oral mucosa].
AB  - Patch tests were performed on 132 patients suspected of allergic sensitivity to
      dentures. Of these, 98 reacted positively to at least one substance. While only 4
      patients showed positive reactions to methyl methacrylate, 42 (31,8%) had
      positive tests with the catalyst benzoyl peroxide, 4 and 5 patients,
      respectively, were positive to 4 different inhibitors, 7 patients reacted
      positively to various softeners and 3 to the reducing agent hydrazine sulfate. 43
      positive reactions occurred on the commercial products, of these 39,5% on the
      liquid monomer, 23,2% on the polymer in powder form and 37,2% on the polymer in
      lamellar form. Among the 132 patients, 111 positive tests on metal allergens
      could be observed. Cadmium-, copper- and nickel-salts accounted for one half of
      all reactions. The sensitivity index of cadmium was 18,2% and of copper 13,6%,
      which indicates a high allergen exposition. Nickel, chrome and cobalt allergies
      were registered in 9,9; 8,3 and 6,1% of the patients, respectively, what is only
      slightly below the sensitivity indices of our standard test results in Wurzburg.

PMID- 6369818
TI  - [Initial experiences with a miniaturized solid phase fluorescence immunoassay].

PMID- 6369819
TI  - [Methodological contribution to the leukocyte adherence test].

PMID- 6369820
TI  - [Humanitas Hippocratica].

PMID- 6369821
TI  - [Altodor for hemostasis in tonsillectomy].

PMID- 6369822
TI  - [Soft tissue rheumatism].

PMID- 6369823
TI  - [Possible use of diucifon in true eczema].

PMID- 6369824
TI  - [Photochemotherapy of psoriasis using a Soviet-made furocoumarin preparation
      psorberan].

PMID- 6369826
TI  - [P.P. Zablotskii-Desiatovskii and his role in the development of venereology in
      Russia (on the centenary of his death)].

PMID- 6369825
TI  - [The antiviral drug bonafton in the treatment of viral skin diseases].

PMID- 6369827
TI  - [Contribution of Abu Ali ibn Sina to dermato-venereology].

PMID- 6369828
TI  - [Genesis of Pavlov's research program (historical significance of I. P. Pavlov's
      Madrid speech].

PMID- 6369829
TI  - [Preventive medicine in old religions].
AB  - This paper describes religious laws about hygienic problems in the old cultures.
      Special problems have been the prevention of infectious diseases, but also the
      problems of nutrition. The old laws had no great preventive efficiency, because
      the causes of the most diseases were unknown.

PMID- 6369830
TI  - Evaluation of muscle protein breakdown in lactating cows from urinary excretion
      of 3-methyl histidine and plasma amino acid levels.

PMID- 6369831
TI  - Physical and chemical properties of extracellular staphylococcal lipase.
AB  - Highly purified staphylococcal lipase was subjected to physico-chemical analysis.
      Effect of ionic strength and of protein structure modifying agents supports views
      suggesting the subunit structure of this enzyme. Chelating and reducing agents,
      thiol group inhibitors, and bile acid salts do not influence the enzyme activity.
      Digestion of purified staphylococcal lipase with proteolytic enzymes indicates
      that lipase is sensitive to trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin and pronase.

PMID- 6369832
TI  - Further observations of Corynebacterium renale as an indicator organism in the
      detection of the exfoliation-positive strains of Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Exfoliatin-positive S. aureus strains of known phenotypes were examined for
      bacteriocin production using S. aureus 209P, C. pseudodiphtheriticum, or C.
      renale as indicator strains. Strains of the phenotype Bac+ Tox+ had a positive
      result when the simultaneous method was used, and produced a wide inhibition of
      the indicator strains, especially of C. renale, if the deferred method was used.
      The strains of the phenotype Bac- Tox+ were negative upon examination by the
      simultaneous method, but they caused narrow inhibition zones of the indicator
      strains to appear with the deferred method, especially with C. renale. S. aureus
      strains of diverse origin used as controls were in both methods negative with
      regard to inhibition of indicator strains. C. renale was found to be very
      suitable for the detection of bacteriocins of the exfoliatin-positive
      staphylococci, particularly when using the deferred method.

PMID- 6369833
TI  - Resistance-plasmid- and protease-independent murine virulence of a multiple-drug
      resistant strain of Serratia marcescens.
AB  - The multiple-drug-resistant Serratia marcescens isolate SH 186 (serotype
      06/014:H12, bacteriocin type 18) carried a 44 megadalton, nonconjugative
      resistance (R-) plasmid as demonstrated with 'curing' experiments and the DNA
      agarose gel electrophoresis technique. 'Cured' variants, which had lost part of
      or the entire R-plasmid, proved as virulent for outbred NMRI mice
      (intraperitoneal route) as the wild-type parent strain. Therefore, the virulence
      of this S. marcescens strain was plasmid-independent. Protease-deficient variants
      of this strain as well as protease-negative variants of two additional S.
      marcescens strains displayed comparable murine virulence. None of 19
      representative S. marcescens strains, including isolate SH 186, gave rise to
      guinea pig keratoconjunctivitis (negative Anton-Sereny tests), i.e., were non
      invasive; NMRI mice pretreated with either cyclophosphamide (leukopenia), type II
      carrageenan (blockade of macrophages) or with zymosan (depletion of complement)
      revealed essentially unaltered susceptibility to S. marcescens. However, mice
      pretreated with cyclophosphamide followed by zymosan were significantly more
      susceptible for 4 tests strains of S. marcescens, including isolate SH 186. Thus,
      neutrophil granulocytes and complement were required for murine defense against
      intraperitoneal infection with S. marcescens.

PMID- 6369835
TI  - [Development of the ideas of Prof. I. L. Krichevskii on acquired immunity (on the
      centenary of the birth of I. L. Krichevskii)].

PMID- 6369834
TI  - [Fatal cryptococcosis in a bird fancier. A clinical case report on pathology,
      diagnosis and epidemiology of cryptococcosis].
AB  - In a 69 year-old female patient who had been a pet bird enthusiast,
      cryptococcosis of the central nervous system was surprisingly established as
      cause of death at postmortem. Clinically, a diagnosis of cirrhosis of the liver
      associated with atypical coma hepaticum had been suspected. Apart from damage due
      to alcohol abuse, no other underlying disease could be found. The fecal matter of
      a budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) has been suggested as the probable source
      of infection. Using Guizotia abyssinica creatinine agar, Cryptococcus neoformans
      could be isolated from dry fecal matter collected from the bird cage. In a pet
      shop in the neighbourhood of the patient's home, fecal matter from various pet
      bird species was collected. Using the same method, examination also revealed the
      presence of Cr. neoformans. Contrastingly, masses of pigeon manure found in the
      garret of the patient's house did not contain Cr. neoformans. The epidemiological
      significance of the fecal matter of pet birds as a habitat for Cr. neoformans is
      discussed.

PMID- 6369836
TI  - [Results of the activities of the Amur Branch of the Scientific Society of
      Epidemiologists, Microbiologists and Parasitologists in the past 25 years (1957
      1982)].

PMID- 6369837
TI  - [Natural routes of the spread of viral hepatitis B].

PMID- 6369838
TI  - [Further research on the use of media with Na-RNA for isolating Shigella].
AB  - The isolation of shigellae from the feces of patients with the use of Ploskirev's
      bactoagar with Na-RNA added at a concentration of 4 mg/ml has facilitated the
      laboratory diagnosis of dysentery due to the increased resolution of the medium.
      The isolation of shigellae on the medium with the stimulating agent added occurs
      9% more frequently than on the control medium.

PMID- 6369839
TI  - [Klebsiella infection in oncological patients and K-serovars isolated with this
      causative agent].
AB  - The biochemical identification and serological typing of 104 Klebsiella
      pneumoniae strains isolated from oncological patients in cases of purulent septic
      complications were carried out with the use of agglutinating K-sera prepared at
      the All-Union Escherichia Center. According to the character of K-antigens
      contained in these strains they were found to belong to 27 serovars. 6 strains
      proved to be in the R-form, and the typing of 7 strains could not be carried out
      with the set of sera used in this investigation. In different kinds of
      pathological material definite K-serovars prevailed. The sensitivity of the
      isolated K. pneumoniae strains to 21 antibacterial preparations was studied; as a
      result, sensitivity to gentamicin was observed in 78%, to dioxydin, in 73% and to
      chloramphenicol, in 65.5% of these strains. Some specific features characteristic
      of the course of Klebsiella infection in oncological patients were revealed: in
      one patient K. pneumoniae cultures belonging to the same K-serovars could be
      isolated from different foci of infection, while those belonging to different K
      serovars could be isolated from the same focus of infection. The analysis of
      different medical histories yielded results demonstrating that in oncological
      patients Klebsiella infection took a prolonged and severe course, frequently with
      fatal termination, thus bringing to naught successes achieved in specific
      antitumoral treatment.

PMID- 6369840
TI  - [Method of determining the antilysozyme activity of microorganisms].
AB  - The method for the determination of the antilysozyme activity of microorganisms
      is described. The method consists in the cultivation of the strains under study
      in a lysozyme-containing medium, and the effect of lysozyme inactivation is
      determined from the growth of Micrococcus luteu S indicator strain adjacent to
      active strains. The quantitative evaluation of this property is presented. The
      study of 1 296 strains belonging to 9 genera has disclosed that antilysozyme
      activity occurs most frequently among Gram-negative bacteria.

PMID- 6369841
TI  - [Nonfermentative gram-negative bacteria--Eikenella corrodens].

PMID- 6369842
TI  - [Fermentative mechanisms of the psychrophilicity of Yersinia tuberculosis].
AB  - The specific activity of urease, nitrogenase, hialuronidase and neuraminidase in
      Y. pseudotuberculosis grown in different culture media and at different
      temperature has been studied. These enzymes have been found capable of
      functioning at both relatively low (2-8 degrees C) and high (37 degrees C)
      temperatures. The thermoadaptive properties of Y. pseudotuberculosis within a
      wide range of temperatures are ensured by the constant presence of isoenzymes,
      functioning only at low temperatures or only at high temperatures, in the
      microbial cells. Low temperature in combination with a definite culture medium
      triggers the activity of certain enzymatic systems, which explains, to some
      extent, the biochemical mechanisms of the psychrophilic properties of Y.
      pseudotuberculosis.

PMID- 6369843
TI  - [Determination of the bactericidal strength of alveolar macrophages by using the
      NBT test].
AB  - The NBT test on alveolar macrophages can be used for the indirect evaluation of
      their bactericidal potency. This test has made it possible to show that the
      development of the tuberculous process in the lungs is characterized by the
      increasing intensity of the reduction of NBT by alveolar macrophages, which
      indirectly indicates their considerable bactericidal potency. But 3-4 weeks after
      infection macrophages, though capable of considerable bactericidal action, do not
      react to stimulation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID- 6369844
TI  - [Immunological interrelations between Shigella sonnei differing in enzymatic
      activity and colicinogenicity].
AB  - For the first time immunological interrelations between S. sonnei differing in
      enzymatic activity and colicinogenicity were studied. Specific postinfectious
      immunity against Shigella pneumonia in intranasally infected mice was used as a
      model for testing S. sonnei strains, biovars II and III, with colicinogenic
      markers designated S5 and IE2, respectively. The development of homologous and
      heterologous immunity was shown to occur in the animals; immunity to the more
      virulent strain II S5 proved to be significantly more intense than in comparison
      with immunity to the less virulent strain III IE2. The unequal effectiveness of
      immunity to these strains (the more virulent were the strains, the more effective
      immunity they produced) was due to the fact that their populations contained
      different amounts of organisms in phase I responsible for infective action and
      immunity, and also, which was heretofore unknown, for the sensitivity of these
      bacteria to immunological action: the greater their virulence, the greater their
      sensitivity.

PMID- 6369845
TI  - [Determination of cholera enterotoxin in supernatants of homogenates from the
      wall of the small intestine in rabbits in the passive immune hemolysis reaction].
AB  - The article presents the data indicating that suckling rabbits can be used as a
      model, specific only for enterotoxin-producing Vibrio eltor strains. The signs
      characteristic of low virulence may appear as the consequence of the action of
      other products resulting from the vital activity of vibrios. No strains capable
      of producing toxin only in vivo or in vitro have been detected. The quantitative
      correlation of the synthesis of enterotoxin in the body of experimental animals
      and in vitro has been established. The passive immune hemolysis test can be used
      as an objective method suitable for the determination of the choleragenic potency
      of vibrios.

PMID- 6369846
TI  - [Noteworthy and anniversary dates in neuropathology and psychiatry in 1984].

PMID- 6369847
TI  - [Disorders of the venous circulation of the brain: pathogenesis, clinical
      picture, course, diagnosis (review of the literature)].

PMID- 6369848
TI  - [Ethological method and psychiatry (review)].

PMID- 6369849
TI  - [Features of the hormonal regulation of water-electrolyte balance in patients
      with tumors of the chiasmatic-sellar area in the early postoperative period].
AB  - The response of water-electrolyte metabolism regulating hormones to neurosurgical
      stress was studied in 54 patients with tumors of the chiasma-sellar area of the
      brain. Three types of responses of hormones (the activity of renin, aldosterone,
      cortisol, and vasopressin) were revealed. Type I was characterised by a sharp
      activation of the hormones studied, type II by an absence of a response, type III
      by activation of renin and aldosterone and a decrease in vasopressin activity.
      Responses of types II and III were attended by deep disorders of water
      electrolyte balance. The work substantiates the necessity of taking into account
      the state of the humoral mechanisms of regulation in conducting intensive therapy
      in neurosurgical patients.

PMID- 6369850
TI  - [Use of lasers in neurosurgery].

PMID- 6369851
TI  - Yeast ribosome core particles deficient in acidic proteins L44 and L45 and their
      activity in reconstitution experiments.
AB  - The yeast ribosome core particles partly depleted of acidic proteins, L44 and
      L45, were isolated and their activity was examined using a highly purified
      protein synthesizing system. It was shown that both the phenylalanine
      polymerization reaction and the elongation factor 2-dependent GTP hydrolysis were
      stimulated by the addition of the extracted acidic protein fraction. The results
      obtained clearly indicate a functional role of these proteins in the elongation
      step of eukaryotic protein synthesis. The essential parameters of ribosome
      reconstitution experiments are discussed.

PMID- 6369852
TI  - [Perforating injury of the thoracic esophagus caused by a dental prosthesis].
AB  - The perforation of the thoracic oesophagus by a swallowed foreign body is
      associated with a mortality rate as high as 30%. Three cases of mediastinitis due
      to unsuccessful endoscopic extraction of a swallowed denture are reported. The
      clinical signs of thoracic oesophagus perforation are recalled. In one patient,
      an uneventful recovery is obtained by an early thoracotomy allowing the removal
      of the foreign body and the repair of the perforation, associated to a feeding
      jejunostomy and a gastrostomy (to control gastric secretion and reflux). In the
      other two cases, where the delay between endoscopy and surgery was more than 12
      hours, the perforated oesophagus was edematous and friable and difficulty
      repaired. In these two cases, an oesopleural fistula developed and oral feeding
      was only possible on 32th and 50th post-operative day. Oesophagogram reveals the
      foreign body which can nearly always be removed by endoscopy. After the
      oesophagoscopy, the integrity of the oesophagus must be controlled by a new X-ray
      transit. By this means, the eventual perforation is quickly diagnosed. This
      lesion and/or the unsuccessful endoscopic removal, frequent when the foreign body
      is a dental prosthesis, necessitate emergency surgery. Medical management and
      surgical treatments, such as exclusion or resection of the perforated oesophagus,
      are discussed.

PMID- 6369854
TI  - Comparative clinical performances of 4 copper-releasing IUDs.
AB  - Clinical performances of the Copper 7, Gyne T 200, MLcu 250 and Tcu 200 were
      compared on 203 patients in this random study conducted over a period of 18
      months. Insertion-linked events, tolerance (markers were bleeding or spotting,
      IUD-linked pain and partner discomfort) and causes for removal (spontaneous
      expulsion, pregnancies and pelvic infection) were considered. Randomization was
      performed at the beginning, using prescriptions that came from a randomized pool.
      Validity of the randomization method was checked against four criteria: number of
      models inserted per IUD type, prevalence of IUD type per age group, per previous
      gravidities and per previous means of contraception. No major difference in
      clinical performance among the four IUD types appeared upon analysis of the
      resulting data.

PMID- 6369853
TI  - [Comparison of semisynthetic human insulin and porcine insulin in diabetic
      patients with or without circulating anti-insulin antibodies].

PMID- 6369855
TI  - The biochemical pharmacology of carbenoxolone. Its possible mechanisms of action.

PMID- 6369856
TI  - [Clinical studies of leukemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. I. Leukemic conversion
      factors].

PMID- 6369857
TI  - [Clinical studies of leukemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. II. Clinicopathological
      aspects and prognostic factors].

PMID- 6369858
TI  - [Clinical studies of leukemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. III. Weight of leukemic
      conversion and prognostic factors].

PMID- 6369859
TI  - [Oncogenic retroviruses (I)].

PMID- 6369860
TI  - A study of the action of oral cimetidine or placebo on the pH and the volume of
      gastric contents when administered the evening or the morning before general
      anesthesia. A double blind study.
AB  - A double blind experiment studied the effect on the pH and on the volume of
      gastric fluid after the administration of either cimetidine or a placebo as
      premedication before scheduled operations. The patients were divided into 4
      groups. Group A received 400 mg of cimetidine the night before the operation and
      the placebo in the morning. Group B received 400 mg of cimetidine the night
      before and 200 mg in the morning. Group C received the placebo in the evening and
      in the morning and group D received the placebo in the evening and 200 mg of
      cimetidine in the morning. Compared to the placebo group C, the action of
      cimetidine on the pH was only significant in the 2 groups (B, D) which received a
      morning dose (p less than 0.01), but cumulative evening and morning
      administration of cimetidine (group B) was the only method which statistically
      diminished the mean volume of gastric fluid (p less than 0.05). The
      administration of repeated doses of cimetidine increased the pH and decreased the
      volume of gastric fluid and would thus seem to be a good method to prevent
      inhalation pneumonia during anesthesia.

PMID- 6369861
TI  - Double blind study with nefopam, tilidine and placebo, for postoperative pain
      suppression.
AB  - A double-blind study involving 101 patients was done to assess the efficacy of
      parenteral nefopam (0.66 mg/kg) for postoperative pain suppression, in comparison
      to tilidine (1.67 mg/kg) or placebo. The difference in painfree duration for both
      active drugs compared to placebo is significant, but no significant difference
      was present between them; although tilidine was a little longer acting. At no
      moment a significant difference was present in the pain score of the patients
      receiving one of both active drugs. Only minor changes of blood pressure, heart
      rate and respiratory frequency were seen and marked side effects were not present
      in any of the patients.

PMID- 6369862
TI  - Methyl atropine bromide versus atropine sulphate. A clinical comparison.
AB  - In a double blind clinical investigation we compared methyl atropine bromide to
      atropine sulphate in equivalent doses for their effects on changes in the heart
      rate and dryness of the mouth. Drugs were administered five minutes before the
      induction of anesthesia. Methyl atropine bromide appeared to have a stronger
      positive chronotropic effect on the heart rate and a more pronounced mouth drying
      action. Less dysrhythmias were observed after the methyl congener. Both drugs
      failed to alter blood pressure significantly. We concluded that methyl atropine
      bromide is superior to atropine sulphate because it does not produce side effects
      which may cause the central anticholinergic syndrome. For clinical use, however,
      methyl atropine bromide should be administered only in half-equivalent dose of
      atropine sulphate to prevent excessive tachycardia and dryness of the mouth.

PMID- 6369863
TI  - Multiple sclerosis, HLA, and lymphocyte surface markers.
AB  - The frequencies of lymphocytes of different types in the blood of 96 multiple
      sclerosis patients in different phases of the disease were examined by rosetting,
      in relation to the HLA antigens present. In the total series of patients, there
      is a significant deficit of A2, and this is also suggested in the active and
      progressive cases, but there is no evidence of association of particular HLA
      haplotypes with the different phases of the disease. There was little variation
      among the patient categories in the frequency of T cells of different types, but
      patients in relapse showed a higher proportion of cells showing surface IgG. In
      general, there is little association of cell surface markers with HLA type, but
      when B8 is present there appear to be fewer E and EAC rosettes in patients in
      exacerbation, fewer E and IgG surface markers in remission, and more of the IgG
      markers in progression.

PMID- 6369864
TI  - Retention of complete maxillary dentures measured as resistance against
      unilateral occlusal loading.
AB  - Complete maxillary dentures were tested for their ability to remain in place when
      subjected to unilateral occlusal loads. The test material comprised five persons,
      each supplied with three identical dentures. The denture design was based on the
      principles of 1) functionally determined filling-in of the vestibular sulcus, 2)
      palatal coverage to the vibration line without post dam, 3) aesthetically
      governed positioning of the front teeth, and 4) positioning of the lateral teeth
      in the plane connecting the top of the residual ridge with the central part of
      the occlusal surface of the antagonizing natural teeth. Resistance to unilateral
      occlusal loads was measured by means of a miniature bite force sensor. In the
      pooled material, an average load of 70 N was tolerated before the dentures were
      dislodged. For a given participant/denture combination, the resistance against
      dislodgment varied considerably when tested on different days. Marked differences
      were also found among three identical dentures in one person. The tolerance
      against unilateral occlusal loads could feasibly be quantified. However, the
      influence of specific clinical and/or technological factors on denture retention
      during function should be studied only if strict definitions as to the test
      conditions are given. These conditions must include the time, person, and denture
      tested.

PMID- 6369865
TI  - Surface characteristics of composite resins comprising a porous reinforcing
      filler. An in vivo study.
AB  - The surface of composite restorations with filler particles comprising an
      ultrafine sintered glassfiber network were examined in vivo. The effect of
      different finishing methods and clinical wear was studied with SEM on replicas.
      Smooth and lustrous buccal surfaces were obtained with finishing discs. On
      occlusal surfaces a microfine finishing diamond gave a good surface finish. After
      wear (greater than 7 months) surface smoothness was favored by a close packing of
      the filler particles. The smoothest surfaces appeared when, in addition, the
      density of the sintered network was high.

PMID- 6369866
TI  - Favourable results of acrylic cementation for giant cell tumors.
AB  - A consecutive series from two university hospitals of 50 patients with giant cell
      tumors was reviewed and histologically reconfirmed. The patients treated with
      curettage and acrylic cement were re-examined concerning function. Two of 14
      cemented tumors had recurred but could be treated by additional cementation, so
      that no final failure of this method had occurred, compared to one of 19
      radically resected and 12 of 22 with bone-graft after curettage. Joint function
      was normal in 11 and radiographic arthrosis of low grade was found in only two of
      14 patients. It is concluded that this method gives a minimum of recurrence and a
      maximum of function. It is suggested that the old name of "giant cell sarcoma"
      should be reintroduced, bringing the tumor into the group of low-grade sarcomas
      where it belongs.

PMID- 6369867
TI  - Chymopapain chemonucleolysis. A follow-up study of 100 consecutive cases.

PMID- 6369868
TI  - Increased fractional excretion of phosphate and beta 2-microglobulin in
      unilateral renal disease.
AB  - Following progressive nephron loss tubular reabsorption in the remaining nephrons
      will fall to preserve solute and electrolyte excretion. We have examined the
      fractional excretion (FE) of phosphate, sodium, beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M)
      and tubular glucose reabsorption (T glucose) in children with unilateral renal
      disease to find 1) the threshold for this response and 2) whether intrinsic renal
      mechanisms can elicit this response. Separate renal function studies were
      performed using unilateral ureteral compression. Total glomerular filtration rate
      (GFR) was 93.7 +/- 2.99 ml/1.73(m2)-1 X min-1, and 110.25 +/- 5.40 in control
      children. GFR in the scarred kidney (SK) was 22.4 +/- 2.46 and in the
      contralateral kidney (CIK) 67.2 +/- 4.60 ml X 1.73 (m2)-1 X min-1. The kidney
      area was reduced in proportion to GFR in SK. FE phosphate and beta 2M were
      significantly higher in SK than in CIK (sign test), but absolute values for FE
      phosphate and beta 2M were not higher in SK than in control kidneys. FE sodium
      and T glucose were the same in SK and CIK. CONCLUSION: Following moderate
      unilateral reduction of GFR selective depression of tubular reabsorption can
      occur without extrarenal impulses.

PMID- 6369869
TI  - Effect of metabolic control and duration on exercise-induced albuminuria in
      diabetic teen-agers.
AB  - Nineteen type I diabetic teen-agers without clinical signs of nephropathy with a
      duration of diabetes varying from 3 to 16.8 years were examined by a standardized
      exercise test for analysis of urinary excretion of albumin and beta 2
      microglobulin. The patients were studied both in poor and improved (but not
      perfect), metabolic control as defined by HbA1c and blood glucose profiles, and
      the values were compared to those of 14 age-matched healthy controls. The
      controls showed no increase in albumin excretion rate during exercise as was
      found in diabetic patients. The albumin excretion rate during exercise was
      significantly correlated (p less than 0.05) to systolic blood pressure in the
      diabetic patients. Blood pressure in the diabetic patients was, however, similar
      to that of controls both at rest and during exercise. Urinary beta 2
      microglobulin did not change during exercise. The urinary albumin excretion
      during exercise decreased significantly with improved metabolic control in
      diabetic patients, but the albumin excretion rate was not correlated with either
      blood or urinary glucose or diuresis during the exercise test. When metabolic
      control was improved there was a significant correlation between the increase in
      albumin excretion rate during exercise and the duration of diabetes, indicating
      that part of the exercise-induced albumin excretion might reflect irreversible
      morphological changes in the diabetic kidney. This test might therefore have a
      predictive value for diabetic nephropathy if performed during strict metabolic
      control.

PMID- 6369870
TI  - Renal function in relation to metabolic control in children with diabetes of
      different duration.
AB  - To evaluate the interpretation of different kidney function tests in diabetic
      children and teenagers we have studied 47 children with a duration of diabetes up
      to 5 years, 61 children with a duration of 5.1-10 years and 49 children with a
      duration of greater than 10 years. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measured as
      inulin clearance or creatinine clearance, clearance PAH (CPAH), filtration
      fraction (FF), 24-hour urinary excretion of beta 2-microglobulin and albumin were
      examined and correlated with short- and longterm indices of metabolic control. In
      all groups of duration GFR as measured by inulin clearance was increased compared
      with reference values from age matched controls. In patients who had had diabetes
      for 0-5 years a significant positive correlation was found between inulin
      clearance and blood glucose during the examination. Inulin clearance was also
      correlated to HBA1c as well as to 24-hour urinary glucose (mean of 4-6 samples
      during two years). No such correlation was found in the group who had had
      diabetes for 5-10 years but in patients with a duration of diabetes greater than
      10 years a significant inverse relation was found between GFR and HbA1c. The 24
      hour urinary excretion of albumin was significantly higher in all groups of
      diabetics compared with controls. The urinary excretion of beta 2-microglobulin
      was similar in diabetics and controls. In the total material no significant
      correlation could be found between inulin clearance and creatinine
      clearance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6369871
TI  - Decreased insulin binding to erythrocytes in subjects with Turner's syndrome.

PMID- 6369872
TI  - Single-strain regression analysis for quality control of cephalothin
      susceptibility testing and determination of interpretive breakpoints.
AB  - Histogram analysis of inhibition zone diameters around the 30 micrograms
      cephalothin disk for E. coli, P. mirabilis, and K. pneumoniae in samples from
      1975 to 1982 showed a marked reproducibility of the disk-diffusion antibiotic
      susceptibility test in the routine laboratory. A comparison of interpretive
      breakpoints with histograms for E. coli, P. mirabilis, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus,
      coagulase-negative staphylococci, and S. faecalis showed a higher proportion of
      possible misinterpretations using the breakpoints of the Swedish Reference Group,
      SRG, as compared to international (NCCLS) breakpoints. Further analysis using
      single-strain regression analysis revealed two major causes of interpretive
      errors. Firstly, the laboratory-related regression line for a bacterial species
      can be different from the general regression line of the reference laboratory.
      This difference has to be corrected by using species-related breakpoints. For E.
      coli, a species-specific breakpoint was determined to R = greater than 13 mm.
      Secondly, MIC limits recommended for the susceptibility categories of cephalothin
      by SRG are lower than the international limits and close to the true MIC values
      of many bacterial isolates, leading to misinterpretations due to the
      methodological variation. These studies suggest an adoption of international MIC
      limits for the susceptibility categories of cephalothin in Scandinavia. The "I"
      category should denote an indeterminate zone. A multi-laboratory quality control
      assessment using histogram analysis is recommended with optional single-strain
      regression analysis to determine breakpoints for problem combinations of
      bacterial species and antibiotics.

PMID- 6369873
TI  - Immunoglobulin A1 protease activity in strains of Ureaplasma urealyticum.
AB  - Thirteen serovars of Ureaplasma urealyticum were analyzed for the ability to
      cleave human IgA. Strains of all of the serovars tested cleaved IgA 1 in the
      hinge region of the alpha-chain, resulting in intact Fc and monomeric Fab
      fragments. IgA 1 protease activity was also observed in concentrated cell-free
      extracts of spent cultivation medium, indicating that the IgA 1 protease was
      excreted into the medium during growth of the micro-organisms. Five clinical
      isolates of U. urealyticum obtained from urine, cervix, vagina, amniotic fluid,
      and synovial fluid were positive for IgA 1 protease activity. No proteolytic
      activity was observed against human IgA 2, IgG, or IgM. Strains of Mycoplasma
      fermentans, M. salivarium and seven serovars of M. hominis were negative for IgA
      1 protease activity.

PMID- 6369874
TI  - The genetic control of virulence in group A streptococci. III. Plasmid-induced
      "switch-off"--effect on some pathogenic properties.
AB  - Recently, we reported that conjugal transfer of plasmid pERL1, determining i.a.
      erythromycin resistance (Emr), into group A streptococci could trigger the
      expression of anti-phagocytic activity, adhesiveness, opacity factor and capacity
      to bind immunoglobulin Fc-parts and beta 2-microglobulin. In the present study,
      ethidium bromide treatment of Emr transconjugants allowed the selection of
      "cured", erythromycin sensitive (Ems) mutants. This procedure did not affect the
      expression of the abovementioned characteristics. However, when plasmid pERL1 was
      again transferred to two such mutants, the "secondary", Emr transconjugants
      obtained showed lack of each of these properties. Our experiments thus
      demonstrated a "switch-on" as well as a "switch-off" effect, exerted by the same
      plasmid, pERL1, on some major pathogenic properties of group A streptococci.

PMID- 6369875
TI  - Complement factor D concentrations in normal sera: comparison of immunochemical
      and functional determinations.
AB  - The concentration of factor D (D) was determined in the sera of 144 healthy
      adults and 29 healthy children by enzyme amplified electroimmunoassay (EAE), and
      by a hemolysis in gel (HIG) assay for D. The 95% geometric confidence areas for D
      in adults were 75-143% as determined by EAE, and 65-171% by the functional assay.
      The concentrations were given in per cent of a reference serum pool containing
      1.6 mg/l of D as measured by EAE. The correlation coefficient between D values
      obtained by the two methods was r = 0.52 (p less than 0.001). D levels were lower
      in children than in adults. In the EAE purified D, and pathological sera with
      very high D Concentrations, gave lower precipitation peaks with dilutions
      performed in buffer than with dilutions in D depleted serum or human serum
      albumin.

PMID- 6369876
TI  - Inhibition of complement-mediated hemolysis in gel by rheumatoid factors.
AB  - When subjected to a hemolysis in gel (HIG) assay for the detection of complement
      deficiency, 9 of 37 sera from patients with classical rheumatoid arthritis
      produced impaired lysis of sensitized sheep erythrocytes. All sera were normal in
      a test for the alternative pathway and no major abnormalities were found within
      the complement system. Using a two-step HIG technique, with guinea-pig serum as
      the complement source, all sera were shown to inhibit lysis of sheep erythrocytes
      sensitized with rabbit IgG. Lysis of IgM-coated erythrocytes was not inhibited.
      The agglutination titers in a Waaler-Rose test, and the areas of inhibition in
      the two-step HIG assay with IgG-sensitized erythrocytes, were correlated (r =
      0.80, p less than 0.001). Absorption of serum with rabbit IgG coupled to
      Sepharose 4B, reduced the capacity to inhibit immune hemolysis. The eluate from
      IgG-Sepharose contained rheumatoid factors and also inhibited immune hemolysis.
      The findings suggested that rheumatoid factors in serum were responsible for
      inhibition in the HIG assays used.

PMID- 6369877
TI  - Phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by human leukocytes: quantitation by a flow
      cytometric and a microbiological method.
AB  - Phagocytosis of killed, fluorochrome stained or live Staphylococcus aureus by
      human leukocytes was measured by flow cytometry (FCM) or a microbiological
      method, respectively. The results were compared to those obtained by simulation
      using a prey-predator model. In the presence of an initial bacteria-to-phagocyte
      ratio of 4:1 to 160:1, the percentage of phagocytosing leukocytes was independent
      of the bacteria and phagocyte concentration. The number of phagocytosed or killed
      bacteria per phagocyte increased with increasing bacteria and decreasing
      phagocyte concentration. One per cent pooled human serum was sufficient for
      maximum phagocytosis to occur, but killing slightly increased in the presence of
      10% pooled human serum. With medium or low initial bacteria-to-phagocyte ratios
      phagocytosis and killing closely corresponded to the results obtained by the prey
      predator model. Maximally each phagocyte was associated with 80 bacteria
      (measured by FCM), about 45 being phagocytosed (internalized) and 40 killed. The
      model seems suitable for the simulation of phagocytosis and killing of S. aureus
      by human leukocytes.

PMID- 6369878
TI  - Human blood monocyte function in relation to age.
AB  - The human blood monocyte function in relation to age has been studied in 60
      healthy persons (age range 24-94 years). No differences between females and males
      were seen. The number of phagocytized Candida albicans per monocyte decreased
      with ageing (greater than 70 years). Peripheral blood monocyte count,
      pinocytosis, phagocytosis of latex beads, chemotactic responsiveness and
      intracellular killing of Candida albicans were independent of age.

PMID- 6369879
TI  - Bacterium-induced cleavage of IgA in nasopharyngeal secretions from atopic
      children.
AB  - Immunoglobulin A forms the specific immune barrier of mucosal surfaces against
      microorganisms and potential allergens. Immunochemical studies of nasopharyngeal
      secretions (NPS) from 97 children showed enzymatic degradation of IgA in 18.6% of
      the samples. The observed fragments are characteristically released from IgA by
      the activity of specific IgA 1 proteases produced by certain bacterial species. A
      significantly higher prevalence (P less than 0.001) of IgA cleavage was observed
      in NPS from children with atopic diseases (61.5%) than in controls (11.9%). These
      results indicate that bacterium-induced local defects in the mucosal immune
      barrier of the upper respiratory tract may be a factor in the pathogenesis of
      some forms of atopic disease.

PMID- 6369880
TI  - [The science of pharmacy organization, the development of public health oriented
      pharmacy in Hungary and abroad].

PMID- 6369881
TI  - Hyponatremia in congestive heart failure treated with diuretics.
AB  - In this brief review of the literature on hyponatremia in congestive heart
      failure treated with diuretics, different mechanisms and various treatments are
      presented. The hyponatremia is usually of the dilutional type. Therapeutical
      alternatives to the traditional water restriction are discussed.

PMID- 6369883
TI  - Hydrochlorothiazide and bendroflumethiazide in low doses--a comparative trial.
AB  - The effect and tolerability of hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg and
      bendroflumethiazide 2.5 mg were compared in 36 previously untreated hypertensives
      in a double-blind randomized multicenter trial. The results show a significant
      blood pressure reduction with both hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg and
      bendroflumethiazide 2.5 mg both at month 6 and 12 compared with month 0. Serum
      potassium was not significantly changed after twelve months of therapy with
      either of the thiazide compared with month 0. There was no significant difference
      between hydrochlorothiazide and bendroflumethiazide with respect to the
      hypotensive effect, the effect on potassium and uric acid in serum, fasting blood
      glucose, or any other variable studied. Few subjective side effects were
      reported.

PMID- 6369882
TI  - Aspects on pharmacokinetics of some diuretics.
AB  - This review summarizes the present knowledge of some commonly used diuretics.
      Bendroflumethiazide and bumetanide are completely absorbed from the gut while the
      uptake of hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone and furosemide averages about 65%.
      The degree of uptake of amiloride and spironolactone is unknown but exceeds 50%.
      Plasma t 1/2 of bumetanide and furosemide are approximately 1 h. The clinically
      important phase of the plasma concentration of bendroflumethiazide has a t 1/2 of
      3 h, although a slower phase with a t 1/2 of 9 h has been described.
      Hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride, often used in combination, both have a t 1/2
      of about 10 h. Canrenone, an active metabolite of spironolactone, has a t 1/2 of
      15-20 h. Chlorthalidone is eliminated very slowly with a t 1/2 of about two days.
      This is partly caused by an extensive binding to carbonic anhydrase in the
      erythrocytes. The protein binding of bendroflumethiazide, bumetanide, canrenone
      and furosemide is approximately 95%. The binding of chlorthalidone and
      hydrochlorothiazide is about 75 and 40% respectively. All mentioned diuretics
      except spironolactone are in part eliminated renally, mainly via tubular
      secretion. This is the major elimination route for amiloride and
      hydrochlorothiazide, while it constitutes one third to two thirds for
      bendroflumethiazide, bumetanide and furosemide. Spironolactone is exclusively
      eliminated as metabolites.

PMID- 6369884
TI  - Site and mechanism of the action of diuretics.
AB  - The mechanism of action of diuretics can be established by studying the molecular
      mechanism of action, the site of action within the nephron, and the relationship
      between the pharmacokinetics of the diuretic and its effect. The molecular
      mechanism of action is known for diuretic agents such as acetazolamide (carbonic
      anhydrase), theophylline (phosphodiesterase), digitalis glucosides (Na-K-ATPase),
      spironolactone (aldosterone antagonism) and dopamine (specific receptors?). The
      "receptor" for the clinically most important diuretics, i.e. loop diuretics,
      thiazides, and other potassium-sparing diuretics is, however, unknown. It appears
      from recent studies of the ion transport in the diluting segment that there
      probably is a sodium-chloride co-transport in this segment and that loop
      diuretics specifically inhibit the active chloride transport. The main site of
      diuretic action is well established for the different groups of diuretics:
      carbonic anhydrase inhibitors act on the proximal tubulus, loop diuretics on the
      diluting segment, thiazides on the cortical diluting segment/distal tubulus, and
      potassium-sparing agents on distal tubulus/collecting ducts. Moreover, some
      diuretics have additional tubular sites of action. It is also important to
      realize that other effects of diuretics, e.g. inhibition of the tubuloglomerular
      feedback mechanism or renal and extra-renal hemodynamic effects, can modify the
      tubular diuretic effect. Finally, the renal handling of diuretics is of
      importance to the diuretic effect by determining the concentration of the drug at
      the "receptor" sit (s). It is emphasized that knowledge of the different aspects
      of the mechanisms of action of diuretics is a prerequisite for rational use of
      diuretics, clinically as well as experimentally.

PMID- 6369885
TI  - Treatment of congestive heart failure.
AB  - The past decade has improved our understanding of the pathophysiological
      mechanisms underlying the congestive heart failure syndrome. The same decade has
      seen a considerable expansion in modes of therapy for this syndrome. A review of
      the present forms of treatment is given.

PMID- 6369886
TI  - Renal interstitial volume of the rat kidney.
AB  - The intravascular plasma volume and the interstitial volume of the rat kidney
      were determined by an indicator dilution method with a bolus injection of 125-I
      labelled human serum albumin and 51-Cr-EDTA into the renal artery and subsequent
      recording of the indicator-dilution curves in the venous effluent, sampled at
      intervals of 0.33 s. The curves allowed determination of both the mean transit
      time of the two indicators and total renal plasma flow. The volumes of
      distribution were obtained by multiplying these two factors. Under control
      conditions the plasma volume was 93.0 +/- 11.2 microliters/100 g rat (mean +/-
      SE), which is 17.9% of the total kidney volume. The interstitial volume was 68.3
      +/- 8.6 microliters/100 g, corresponding to 13.1% of the total kidney volume.
      During expansion with 0.15 M NaCl, 10% of body weight, the plasma and
      interstitial volumes were not significantly increased. The values for the two
      volumes were 101.6 +/- 9.7 and 72.8 +/- 6.8 microliters/100 g, respectively. The
      kidney weight showed, in contrast a clear increase from 539 to 670 mg/100 g,
      reflecting the expansion of the proximal and distal tubules due to the increased
      glomerular filtration rate. It is concluded that although the saline load
      produced a rise in the renal interstitial pressure, the expected expansion of the
      interstitium became small, due to the parallel expansion of both the vascular and
      tubular systems which compress the renal interstitium.

PMID- 6369887
TI  - [Socio-anthropology of the alcoholization process in Latin America, 1970-1980
      (1)].
AB  - A review is made of the bibliographical production on the process of
      alcoholization that has been generated from History and Anthropology in Latin
      America during seventies. This revision is undertaken on the basis of a model
      which attempts a theoretical and methodological systematization of that
      production. Such a model presupposes a review for each of the areas of knowledge
      mentioned before: a) the definition of the problem, b) the aetiological
      conceptions, c) the most usually found indicators and variables, d) the
      functions, e) the consequences, f) the social groups and strata, g) solutions, h)
      dominant theoretical outlooks, i) methodologies and techniques, j) areas most
      commonly under research, k) problem areas not under research. The revision gives
      to rise them idea that both areas of knowledge consider alcohol as an
      "instrument" or "tool", as a mediator; that the perception of the process of
      alcoholization--especially in anthropological works--is not seen negatively, but
      its functions are emphasized, especially those which are recognized as
      "integrative" ones. In spite of the fact that anthropological and historical
      production adds up to about 30% of total production between 1960 and 1980, it has
      had a very low weight in the strategics that medical practice, psychiatry and
      psychology have devised towards alcoholism.

PMID- 6369888
TI  - [A double-blind study of the effect of L-dopa in psychotic patients with tardive
      dyskinesia].
AB  - Appropriate manipulation of dopaminergic systems, that probably contribute to
      tardive dyskinesia, may bring about a reduction in its intensity. In this study
      various, increasing doses of L-dopa, which is converted to dopamine in the CNS,
      was administered over the relatively long period of time of one month, in double
      blind conditions, to psychiatric patients with stabilized psychotic symptoms,
      with tardive dyskinesia. With the one gram daily dose group, there was a
      reduction of the intensity of the involuntary movements, when compared to that of
      the patients who received placebo.

PMID- 6369889
TI  - [Complications of immunosuppressive therapy in kidney transplantation].

PMID- 6369890
TI  - [Sexual function in patients with kidney transplants].

PMID- 6369891
TI  - [Clinical testing of a computer model for the study of acid-base and water
      electrolyte metabolism].

PMID- 6369892
TI  - Traugott Riechert 1905-1983.

PMID- 6369893
TI  - Neurosurgical pathology in prehistory.
AB  - This is a concise study of the prehistorical trepanation which we have
      interpreted on the basis of our personal experience from the examination of more
      than three thousand skulls. We have also inquired into the reasons that have
      given rise to trepanation, and at the same time have tried to clarify some of the
      inconsistencies of this subject. The study includes reference to the pathological
      lesions that are more frequent in the prehistorical skulls. In iconography there
      are few samples of these lesions in which the diagnosis is very difficult.

PMID- 6369894
TI  - [Perception of anguish and anxiety by artists through the centuries].

PMID- 6369895
TI  - [Clinical anxiety and anguish and therapeutic generalizations].

PMID- 6369896
TI  - [Relaxation in private practice].

PMID- 6369897
TI  - [Clinical research on relaxation in operative dentistry].

PMID- 6369898
TI  - [Examples of the use of relaxation and suggestion in our hospital experience in
      cardiology].

PMID- 6369900
TI  - Proteases: potential role in health and disease.

PMID- 6369899
TI  - Physiology and pathophysiology of neutral proteinases of human granulocytes.

PMID- 6369901
TI  - Proteases - proteases inhibitors: a local cellular information system.

PMID- 6369902
TI  - Regulatory proteolysis during corticosteroid hormone action.

PMID- 6369903
TI  - Proteases in hormone production and metabolism.

PMID- 6369904
TI  - Processing and degradation of Met-enkephalin by peptidases associated with rat
      brain cortical synaptosomes.

PMID- 6369905
TI  - Recent advances in protease research using synthetic substrates.
AB  - 2-Naphthylamine, 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamine, 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin and 7-amino
      4-trifluoromethylcoumarin and X peptides have become a useful tool to study
      proteases by a battery of complementary methods; they now include biochemistry,
      section biochemistry, location cytochemistry, ultracytochemistry and isoelectric
      focusing. By the use of these procedures we hope that more insight will be
      possible in the functional role of proteases in health and disease in the near
      future.

PMID- 6369906
TI  - Kinetic characterization of brush border membrane proteases in relationship to
      mucosal architecture by section biochemistry.

PMID- 6369907
TI  - Regulation of protease activity.

PMID- 6369908
TI  - Fluorescence detection of proteases with AFC, AMC and MNA peptides using
      isoelectric focusing.
AB  - The fluorescence detection of proteases is not only possible with MNA but also
      with AFC and AMC peptides which were used up till now only for biochemical
      protease investigations. The MNA method is more sensitive due to the coupling
      capability of MNA with NSA than the AMC and AFC procedure. In comparison with the
      simultaneous azo-dye method the fluorescence technique may be inferior as far as
      the sharpness of the bands is concerned. The fluorescence staining is superior,
      however, if proteinases have to be investigated that are inhibited by diazonium
      salts, or where interference of diazonium salts and activators or inhibitors
      occurs; finally, it is a simple procedure to elucidate the value of MNA, AFC and
      AMC peptides for one and the same protease. In the field of applied isoelectric
      focusing the azo-dye and fluorescence procedure are now used together by us to
      detect possible differences in protease isoenzyme patterns in normal and diseased
      human biopsies, e.g. from liver, kidney and small intestine.

PMID- 6369909
TI  - Pathophysiology of the interaction between complement and non-complement
      proteases.

PMID- 6369910
TI  - Leukoproteinases and pulmonary emphysema: cathepsin G and other chymotrypsin-like
      proteinases enhance the elastolytic activity of elastase on lung elastin.

PMID- 6369912
TI  - Interactions of granulocyte proteases with inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6369911
TI  - Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): experimental models with elastase and
      thrombin infusion in pigs.

PMID- 6369913
TI  - Proteinases and their inhibitors in septicemia - basic concepts and clinical
      implications.

PMID- 6369914
TI  - Proteolytic activity in patients with hypercatabolic renal failure.
AB  - Proteolytic enzymes exist in ultrafiltrated plasma, concentrated dialysates and
      urine fractions of patients with posttraumatic renal failure. Differences in
      digestion pattern of phosphorylase kinase suggest the existence of different
      proteases in patients with hypercatabolic renal failure. Trypsin binding capacity
      is reduced in RDT patients and markedly lower in patients with posttraumatic ARF.
      Protein catabolism is inhibited in vitro by alpha 2-macroglobulin. From our in
      vitro studies we favour the application of fresh frozen plasma instead of the
      available plasma protein solutions to hypercatabolic patients. Hemodialysis may
      enhance proteinase inhibitory capacity of the plasma. Hemodialysis therapy
      induces the increase of plasma E-X1 PI. The continuous release of granulocyte
      elastase during hemodialysis therapy may enhance the risk for the development of
      destructive lung disease.

PMID- 6369915
TI  - Release of granulocyte neutral proteinases in patients with acute and chronic
      renal failure.
AB  - In uremic intoxication proteolytic activity in plasma and striated muscle is
      enhanced. To get further insight into the underlying mechanisms the neutral
      proteinases of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes were investigated in patients
      with acute and chronic renal failure. The following studies were performed: 1.
      Neutral proteolytic activity of PMN neutrophils in blood smears (according to
      Klessen, 1978). 2. Serum levels of elastase alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor complex
      (Neumann et al., 1981). In about half of the patients with chronic renal
      insufficiency on dietary treatment the proteolytic activity of PMN leukocytes
      (halo formation are due to digestion of erythrocytes and plasma) was reduced. The
      serum concentration of elastase alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor complex was normal
      in most subjects, but increased in 3 patients with the highest serum creatinine
      levels (greater than 13 mg/dl). In the patients with acute renal failure (ARF) of
      various origin (postoperatively, septicemia, pancreatitis or dye induced) halo
      formation was either reduced or absent. Serum elastase alpha 1 proteinase
      inhibitor was increased in 5/6 patients by a factor of two to four. Also in the
      15 patients on regular hemodialysis treatment halo formation was substantially
      reduced, while the serum levels of elastase alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor complex
      was slightly increased. The finding of reduced proteolytic activity of PMN
      neutrophils in uremia is probably due to an enhanced release of proteinases into
      the circulation as indicated by the elevated serum levels of elastase alpha 1
      proteinase inhibitor complex in some patients. The release of proteinases might
      be in part due to the effect of "uremic toxins". In the RDT patients the contact
      of the blood with the dialyzer (cuprophane) membrane might be an additional
      factor. In the patients with ARF the underlying disease (infection, shock,
      trauma) contributes to the release of proteinases. These disturbances may be
      harmful for the patient, if the blood concentration or function of the most
      important proteinase inhibitors (alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor, alpha 2
      macroglobulin) is reduced.

PMID- 6369916
TI  - Changes in components of the plasma protease systems related to course and
      outcome of surgical sepsis.

PMID- 6369917
TI  - Role of proteases in the development of acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 6369918
TI  - Proteolytic enzymes and enhanced muscle protein breakdown.

PMID- 6369919
TI  - Enhanced muscle protein degradation and amino acid release from the hemicorpus of
      acutely uremic rats.
AB  - Protein synthesis and degradation and net uptake and release of amino acids and
      minerals were investigated in the perfused hemicorpus of acutely uremic and
      control Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats underwent bilateral nephrectomy or sham surgery
      and were studied 30 hr after surgery. The uremic rats displayed greater urea N
      appearance (net urea generation), lower plasma and muscle concentrations of most
      amino acids, and increased muscle protein degradation as compared to control
      rats. Muscle protein synthesis was slightly but not significantly decreased in
      the uremic animals. There was greater net release of phenylalanine, tyrosine,
      alanine, total nonessential amino acids, total amino acids, potassium and
      phosphorus from the perfused hemicorpus of uremic rats and greater release of
      citrulline from sham rats. Muscle ATP, creatine phosphate, cyclic-AMP, and
      activities of cathepsin B1, cathepsin D, and alkaline protease were not different
      in the uremic and sham rats. These data provide evidence that acutely uremic rats
      sustain increased muscle protein wasting which is due to enhanced protein
      degradation. The increased protein degradation does not appear to be due to
      enhanced activities of muscle cathepsin B1, cathepsin D or alkaline protease.

PMID- 6369920
TI  - Enhanced muscle protein catabolism in uremia.

PMID- 6369921
TI  - Rhabdomyolysis: a clinical entity for the study of role of proteases.

PMID- 6369922
TI  - Possible involvement of kinins in muscle energy metabolism.

PMID- 6369923
TI  - Structure and function of natural inhibitors as antagonists of proteinase
      activities.

PMID- 6369924
TI  - Immunosuppressant therapy.
AB  - In this chapter, an attempt has been made to discuss the major immunosuppressant
      agents in use today as well as some of those whose future is as yet undecided.
      Obviously, not every immunosuppressive modality could be included in this limited
      space. However, we have endeavored to include agents of practical and theoretical
      importance to the practicing physician. The therapies discussed here are all
      hampered by significant degrees of toxicity, which compromises their usefulness
      and limits their potential. The decision to begin therapy with these agents must
      be made carefully, and it is incumbent upon the physician to include the patient
      and patient's family in this process. In many cases, these choices can be based
      on well-controlled trials in which efficacy has been established. Unfortunately,
      for many immunologically mediated processes no such studies are available, or
      those that have been reported are flawed. In such cases, decisions become
      increasingly difficult. One must then weigh the potential adverse effects of the
      agent against the possible long-term consequences of witholding such treatment.
      We can only hope that the continued study of these diseases and the
      immunosuppressant agents in concert with the development of new, less toxic
      therapies will make these choices less difficult in the future.

PMID- 6369925
TI  - Prophylaxis in severe granulocytopenia.

PMID- 6369926
TI  - Breast cancer management: recent advances and recommendations.

PMID- 6369927
TI  - Hairy cell leukemia: the importance of accurate diagnosis and sequential
      management.

PMID- 6369928
TI  - Pancreatic pseudocyst.

PMID- 6369929
TI  - Understanding insulin: the old and new.

PMID- 6369930
TI  - Type III hyperlipoproteinemia: recent insights into the genetic defect of
      familial dysbetalipoproteinemia.

PMID- 6369931
TI  - The psychiatric manifestations of endocrine disease.

PMID- 6369932
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Optimum health management indicates the suspicion of dementia in every elderly
      person with altered environmental-social interactional skills, multiple physical
      complaints in the absence of objective disease, or vague and unclear history. A
      high level of suspicion is justified in light of the high prevalence of the
      syndrome. Despite the large numbers of mentally and physically impaired elderly
      people, detailed mental state examinations and assessment of functional capacity
      are rarely incorporated in health records, which suggests that physicians are
      probably aware of only the most obvious deficits. Such practice habits are
      inculcated in medical school and graduate training where these issues are rarely
      comprehensively addressed. The diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease during life can
      be made only after careful evaluation of neurobehavioral and physiologic
      parameters. Like cryptogenic cirrhosis and idiopathic cardiomyopathy, Alzheimer's
      disease has no known etiology or definitive treatment. Therapeutic energies must
      be directed at long-term management rather than cure. Such care includes
      management of behavioral and psychological symptoms, treatment of intercurrent
      illnesses, and maximization of functional ability. Knowledge of brain-behavior
      correlates is essential in the management of any cognitively impaired person.
      Care for people with Alzheimer's disease also includes evaluation and
      ameliorization of difficulties experienced by caregivers.

PMID- 6369933
TI  - Primary pulmonary edema.

PMID- 6369934
TI  - The pharmacologic control of the pulmonary circulation in pulmonary hypertension.

PMID- 6369935
TI  - Tropical diseases of importance to the traveler.

PMID- 6369936
TI  - Clostridium difficile colitis.
AB  - Clostridium difficile has become one of the commonest pathogens of the lower
      intestinal tract. This organism appears unique in that infection almost always
      occurs during or after antibiotic therapy, suggesting that some component of the
      normal microflora prevents colonization by C. difficile. Once it has overgrown in
      the colon, C. difficile releases several toxins which cause tissue damage and
      diarrhea. Infection can range from a simple self-limited diarrheal illness to
      fulminant colitis with perforation and megacolon. Assay of stool filtrates
      reveals the presence of cytotoxin in nearly all patients with antibiotic
      associated pseudomembranous colitis, and in approximately one third to one half
      of those with less severe infections. Effective therapy is available in the form
      of oral vancomycin, although the expense of this antibiotic has led to the use of
      oral metronidazole or bacitracin, which appear to be equally efficacious and
      considerably cheaper. Although we have learned a great deal about C. difficile in
      the past decade, a number of fascinating puzzles remain. We know very little
      about the immune response to this organism or its toxin, or whether a vaccine
      might someday be feasible. Similarly, we have very little insight into what
      effects antibodies exert on the normal colonic flora and how these effects allow
      C. difficile infection in a small percentage of patients. Studies of this
      pathogen will undoubtedly lead to a fuller understanding of the enormously
      complex and still mysterious microbial ferment which lives within our
      gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 6369937
TI  - Care of the postoperative child and adolescent with congenital heart disease.

PMID- 6369938
TI  - Pulmonary artery catheterization in pediatric intensive care.
AB  - Pulmonary artery catheterization has become a routine part of pediatric intensive
      care even for small infants. Measured and derived variables provide clinicians
      with better understanding of the patient's cardiovascular and pulmonary systems
      and provide the means by which the results and complications of therapy may be
      monitored. While significant complications from pulmonary artery catheterization
      do occur, the risks are acceptable and warranted. Proper patient selection,
      strict attention to detail in all aspects of catheter use, and prompt removal
      will help to minimize complications.

PMID- 6369939
TI  - The anemia of prematurity and the decision when to transfuse.

PMID- 6369940
TI  - Specific learning disability and dyslexia: a language-based model.

PMID- 6369941
TI  - Iron deficiency in health and disease.
AB  - Iron deficiency is a common problem in otherwise healthy children and in children
      with systemic disease. We have reviewed the pathophysiology, laboratory
      diagnosis, and systemic effects of iron deficiency. We have emphasized that
      routine screening procedures do not efficiently predict those otherwise healthy
      children who will demonstrate a therapeutic response to iron. Furthermore, in
      patients with certain systemic diseases the diagnosis of iron deficiency is
      complicated by the inflammatory process and the response to a therapeutic trial
      of oral iron is often blunted. Since the potential adverse effects of iron
      deficiency may be extensive, a therapeutic trial of iron is indicated to
      establish the diagnosis of iron deficiency if the index of suspicion is high and
      laboratory results are equivocal.

PMID- 6369942
TI  - Nutritional physiology in pregnancy and lactation.

PMID- 6369943
TI  - C-reactive protein in pediatrics.
AB  - CRP levels have been found to be helpful in differential diagnosis and in
      following the clinical course and response to treatment of various disorders. Of
      particular interest is their value in the diagnosis of serious bacterial
      infections in neonates, such as meningitis, septicemia, and osteomyelitis. While
      no individual has been reported to be deficient in CRP, it is possible that
      abnormalities of CRP synthesis and function will be found. As increasing
      knowledge of the role of CRP accumulates, it is conceivable that CRP may acquire
      some therapeutic value. Increasing availability of rapid quantitative methods for
      CRP is likely to result in greater clinical usefulness.

PMID- 6369944
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation in pediatrics.

PMID- 6369945
TI  - Sudden infant death syndrome: the physician's dilemma.

PMID- 6369946
TI  - Respiratory distress syndrome--new therapeutic approaches to a complex
      pathophysiology.
AB  - In this review I have emphasized the complicated events that occur during the
      course of RDS. RDS is initiated by an inadequate pool size of functional
      surfactant within a structurally and functionally immature lung. Obstetric and
      delivery room management apparently can significantly influence surfactant
      function and, therefore, the incidence of RDS, possibly by affecting the
      permeability properties of the pulmonary vascular endothelium and alveolar
      epithelium. The course and severity of RDS will be further influenced by neonatal
      care and other occurrences such as the presence or absence of a PDA. Many details
      of the biochemical and physiologic events that result in RDS have not been
      defined, so we are currently unable to quantitatively understand how all the
      various factors interact during the course of RDS to give the characteristic
      clinical course of the disease. Variations in the magnitude and timing of these
      interactions will likely explain the variable manifestations of respiratory
      failure in the tiny infant. Within the context of the pathophysiology of RDS,
      surfactant replacement therapy and HFV represent two new and very different
      approaches to treatment. Initial clinical trials of surfactant replacement
      therapy in infants with RDS are encouraging, and experience with animal models
      indicates that such an approach will work. Replacement therapy also makes sense
      if one considers what is known about surfactant metabolism during RDS. However,
      no standard, tested, and safe preparation of surfactant is available. If past
      experience is any guide, it may not be easy to develop an acceptable product for
      general use. HFV offers an opportunity to ventilate infants with relatively high
      mean airway pressures but without the use of high peak airway pressures. Early
      clinical trials suggest the technique will benefit some infants, however no
      ventilators for HFV are available for clinical use. In light of the low mortality
      from respiratory failure in RDS and a morbidity from RDS resulting mostly from
      the other diseases of prematurity, these new therapeutic approaches need to be
      thoroughly tested and understood before general clinical use.

PMID- 6369947
TI  - Carcinoma of the larynx. Growth, p-classification and grading of squamous cell
      carcinoma of the vocal cords.
AB  - For this investigation on growth, p-classification and grading of squamous cell
      carcinomas of the vocal cord serial sectioning was applied to 108 specimens (58
      partially and 50 totally extirpated larynges) of vocal cord cancers that had not
      previously been treated otherwise. The evaluation of these serial sections showed
      that frequently recurring patterns of the spread of carcinomas can be recognized
      which may be subdivided as follows: (1) Carcinoma in situ and early carcinomas of
      the vocal cord (microinvasive or minimal invasive carcinomas) originate from the
      strip of squamous cell epithelium covering the vocal cord mostly on its
      subglottic part. There are circumscribed as well as diffuse types, the latter
      mostly spreading subglottically, too. (2) Similar to the early vocal cord
      carcinomas the larger ones mostly expand in the subglottic direction. These
      glotto-subglottic tumours also follow the metaplastic areas of squamous cell
      epithelium caudally; they often infiltrate deeply, affect the cricoid and the
      thyroid cartilage and leave finally the larynx dorsolaterally. They metastasize
      to the deep cervical and paratracheal lymph nodes. (3) Less frequently larger
      carcinomas develop in the upper half of the vocal cord epithelium at the floor of
      the ventricle and extend cranially. These 'ventricle carcinomas' do not spread
      widely on the surface, but at once infiltrate deeply lateralcaudally into the
      paraglottic space and - in extreme cases - grow intramurally circularly. They
      often penetrate the laryngeal framework and metastasize mainly to the deep
      cervical lymph nodes. (4) Transglottic tumours ('multiregional' vocal cord
      carcinomas) represent a kind of 'pool' for advanced vocal cord carcinomas having
      expanded in different directions (sub- and supraglottically). In extensive
      cancerized fields they can also arise multicentrically. They frequently penetrate
      the laryngeal framework and metastasize to the deep cervical and paratracheal
      lymph nodes. The investigation of the growth of vocal cord carcinomas proved
      different modes of invasion of the various anatomical structures of the larynx.
      The submucosa or the so-called compartments do not resist the tumour growth,
      muscles are destroyed with increasing infiltration; tumours quickly spread in the
      relatively loose tissue and use vessels and nerves as pathways. The ossified
      parts of the hyaline laryngeal framework are infiltrated comparatively easily
      whereas non-ossified parts, together with ciliated epithelium, and mucous glands
      represent a kind of barrier against tumour growth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 6369948
TI  - Facial nerve disorders: anatomical, histological and clinical aspects.
AB  - Three main problems of facial nerve pathology and surgery are considered in this
      paper. The intraneural anatomy of the facial nerve with its consequences for
      surgery, especially surgery for facial hyperkinesia, is studied and an original
      method of selective funicular neurolysis is proposed as a symptomatic operation.
      Quantitative and qualitative findings in the normal facial nerve are compared to
      findings in nerves after palsy. The results show that the introduction of
      neurometric methods for the quantitative assessment may yield further parameters
      in the judgement of past pathological processes within the nerve. Finally,
      prognosis of peripheral facial palsy, seen through electrophysiological testing
      methods, is discussed.

PMID- 6369950
TI  - [Study of fibronectin in the angle of the anterior chamber by PAP method].

PMID- 6369949
TI  - [Clinical aspect of uveitis].

PMID- 6369951
TI  - Fractures of clasp-retained partial dentures.

PMID- 6369952
TI  - [Reconstruction of fractured teeth using composite resins].

PMID- 6369954
TI  - Effects of negative pleural pressure on left ventricular hemodynamics.

PMID- 6369953
TI  - The education of the deaf child: for integration or autonomy?

PMID- 6369955
TI  - Kinetics and metabolic effects of orally administered ornithine alpha
      ketoglutarate in healthy subjects fed with a standardized regimen.
AB  - In accordance with previous results obtained with traumatized patients, ornithine
      alpha-ketoglutarate (OKG) was orally administered to 10 healthy subjects fed with
      a standardized regimen. Six similarly fed control subjects received only water.
      Plasma and 24-h urinary amino acids and alpha-ketoglutarate, plasma glucose,
      plasma insulin, and urine urea were all measured. After administration of
      ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate, the rapid decrease in blood ornithine to basal
      values, the absence of any increase in plasma alpha-ketoglutarate levels, and the
      minimal increase in ornithine, alpha-ketoglutarate, and urea urinary elimination,
      all indicated intense metabolism and utilization of the two compounds. These
      results suggest that the hyperornithinemia observed in 4-h fasting, traumatized
      patients receiving ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate reflects a metabolic
      perturbation in the utilization of this amino acid after trauma, rather than a
      hypothetical slow utilization. On the other hand, ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate
      induced an increase in insulin levels causing hypoglycemia and probably a
      decrease in plasma levels of several amino acids.

PMID- 6369956
TI  - The metabolic effects of 2-week fructose feeding in normal subjects.
AB  - Be studied the metabolic effects of 2 wk of fructose feeding as the sweetener in
      the diet of 11 normal individuals. The data demonstrated 1) no adverse effects of
      the fructose containing diet on triglyceride, pyruvate, lactate, or uric acid
      metabolism; 2) no apparent adaptation in the metabolism of fructose; 3) markedly
      flattened postprandial serum glucose and insulin responses to pure fructose; and
      4) a modest decline in postprandial glucose and insulin levels after ingestion of
      standard fructose containing mixed meals as compared to sucrose-containing mixed
      meals.

PMID- 6369957
TI  - Effect of dietary sucrose on the SHR/N-corpulent rat: a new model for insulin
      independent diabetes.
AB  - A new congenic strain of genetically obese rat, SHR/N-corpulent (cp), was
      studied. Young male corpulent (cp/cp) and lean (cp/+ or +/+) rats approximately 5
      wk of age were fed a diet containing 54% carbohydrate as either sucrose or cooked
      cornstarch for 9 wk. A phenotype effect was observed with body weight, fasting
      levels of serum insulin, triglyceride and total cholesterol, levels of serum
      insulin and glucose after an oral glucose load, and level of urine glucose
      (corpulent greater than lean), and with systolic blood pressure (corpulent less
      than lean). Only lean rats were hypertensive. Corpulent rats were
      hyperinsulinemic, hyperlipidemic, exhibited glycosuria, and were hyperglycemic
      after an oral glucose load. Lean rats were hyperinsulinemic, but normoglycemic. A
      diet effect (sucrose greater than starch) was observed with body weight, level of
      serum glucose after an oral glucose load, and urine volume in both corpulent and
      lean rats, and with levels of serum insulin and total urine glucose in corpulent
      rats. Corpulent rats fed sucrose had 20 to 40% higher levels of serum glucose and
      insulin after an oral glucose load, and twice the amount of total urine glucose,
      than did corpulent rats fed starch. The data demonstrate that corpulent rats have
      metabolic characteristics associated with insulin-independent diabetes in humans
      and that sucrose is more diabetogenic than starch. Manifestation of hyperglycemia
      in this model may be the result of superimposing obesity on an insulin-resistant
      genetic background.

PMID- 6369958
TI  - Cardiac dysfunction in obese dieters: a potentially lethal complication of rapid,
      massive weight loss.
AB  - During 1977 and 1978, 17 obese but otherwise healthy adult Americans died
      suddenly of ventricular arrhythmias during or shortly after completing rapid,
      massive weight reduction induced by very low-calorie diets consisting largely of
      collagen hydrolysates for 2 to 8 months. A reexamination of the data on these
      victims has disclosed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.824) between
      their prediet body mass index and their duration of survival on the very low
      calorie diets. Since body mass index reflects degree of fatness, this observation
      indicates that the ability to defer the lethal effects of severe caloric
      restriction was a function of the proportion of body fat before dieting. During
      caloric reduction, the ratio of nitrogen loss to weight loss is inversely related
      to body fat content; accordingly, we suggest that the fattest dieters survived
      the longest because they were better able to conserve body (and myocardial)
      protein. Also, obese people have an enlarged lean body mass which may afford
      additional protection.

PMID- 6369959
TI  - Effects of marginally negative energy balance on insulin binding to erythrocytes
      of normal men.
AB  - Six healthy male volunteers were confined to a metabolic unit for 105 days.
      Energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (EE) were varied in order to achieve
      either a marginally negative (-15%) or an equilibrated energy balance (EB), in
      different metabolic periods (MP) as follows: MP I: EE = 1, EI = 1, EB = 0; MP II:
      EE = 1, EI = 0.85, EB = -15%; MP III: EE = 0.85, EI = 0.85, EB = 0; MP IV: EE =
      0.85, EI = 0.70, EB = -15%; MP VI: EE = 1.15, EI = 1.15, EB = 0; MP VII: EE =
      1.15, EI = 1, EB = -15%. An egg protein formula diet was fed throughout the
      study. The amount given in MP I was sufficient to maintain body weight constant.
      Assigned physical activity consisted of regulated walking and cycling. During MP
      I, this physical activity accounted for 15% of the energy intake. Serum insulin,
      insulin binding to erythrocytes and body fat content were determined at the end
      of each MP. No significant changes were found in serum insulin level throughout
      the study, but specific insulin binding did change significantly. Binding
      increased with increased physical activity by 23% at the end of MP VI and an
      additional 35% at the end of MP VII. The maximum percentage of insulin binding to
      erythrocytes correlated inversely with the percentage of body fat in each MP.
      These data suggest that insulin binding to erythrocytes, in normal men, is
      sensitive to a small change in energy balance, and especially to physical
      activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6369960
TI  - The 1983 Division 27 Award for Distinguished Contributions to Community
      Psychology and Community Mental Health: Rudolf H. Moos.

PMID- 6369961
TI  - The history of the forensic applications in radiology.
AB  - The history of progress in any field of science is related directly to technical
      advances which have occurred during that period. The microscope contributed
      immensely to the advancement of forensic investigations in the late 19th century,
      with its use to study trace evidence including blood, semen, soil, paint, and
      biological material. The application of the discovery of x-radiation by Dr.
      Roentgen of Wurzburg, Germany, in 1895 provided an important new tool for medical
      practitioners throughout the world. Its application was also realized as a
      potential weapon by medicolegal investigators. Discovery of the location of
      foreign objects, including bullets, thus became a clinical as well as a forensic
      technique in support of the investigation of living and deceased persons. The
      early application of x-ray methodology in England in 1896 by Prof. Arthur
      Schuster of Owens College, Manchester, in a case of a gunshot wound of a woman,
      is described as well as some aspects of the primitive technique which were used.

PMID- 6369962
TI  - Issues in clinical parasitology: the treatment of giardiasis.
AB  - Giardiasis is the most common pathogenic parasitic infection in the United
      States. The choice of a therapeutic agent for treatment of the infection is
      unclear; of the three drugs commonly used, metronidazole and furazolidone have
      been shown to be carcinogenic in animal studies, while quinarcrine causes
      frequent side effects. In order to evaluate the usefulness of these three drugs,
      eight randomized trials of effectiveness were evaluated. The trials suffered from
      unclear methods, variability in study populations and total dosage of medication
      used, inaccuracy in determining outcomes, and inadequate sample sizes. Both
      metronidazole and quinacrine were more effective than furazolidone (p less than
      0.001), but quinacrine caused frequent side effects which may have been
      responsible for poor compliance. With regard to the carcinogenicity of these
      compounds, it appears likely that there is no large short-term risk from the use
      of metronidazole, but long-term follow-up studies have not been done and no
      clinical studies have been done regarding the risk of furazolidone or quinacrine.
      The lack of clear confidence in animal studies is evident in the fact that the
      Food and Drug Administration has approved ongoing studies with drugs related to
      metronidazole.

PMID- 6369963
TI  - Epidemiology of neural tube defects in Utah, 1940-1979.
AB  - The prevalence and distribution of 991 cases of neural tube defects who were born
      in Utah in 1940-1979 are analyzed. The average prevalence at birth is 1.00 per
      1000 births (live and stillbirths), which is similar to other states in the
      western United States. A decline in prevalence is observed during the past 10
      years, although there is not a long-term secular trend for the whole time period.
      Examination of hospital records shows that 17.9% of neural tube defects were not
      reported on birth or fetal death certificates. The male/female sex ratio is 0.67.
      No seasonality is found for spina bifida cases; however, a bimodal distribution,
      with a substantial deficit in May, is observed for anencephaly. A significant
      negative correlation is found between neural tube defect prevalence and the
      percentage of individuals in each Utah county who are members of the Mormon
      Church. No association is found between levels of fallout exposure in Utah and
      regional variation in neural tube defects, and time-space clustering analysis
      demonstrates no significant clusters of neural tube defects in Utah.

PMID- 6369964
TI  - Insulin receptors and action in clinical disorders of carbohydrate tolerance.
AB  - The basic postbinding biochemical events associated with insulin action include
      receptor autophosphorylation, the generation of chemical mediators of insulin
      action, and the translocation of glucose transporters to the cell membrane. These
      events yield increased glucose transport and changes in the degree of
      phosphorylation of several of the key enzymes of intermediary metabolism,
      resulting in the stimulation of glycogen synthesis, glucose oxidation, and lipid
      synthesis, and in the inhibition of glycogenolysis, lipolysis, and
      gluconeogenesis. At the clinical level in man, the rate-limiting step for insulin
      stimulated disposal of oral glucose in vivo is glucose transport into peripheral
      tissues, chiefly muscle, whereas the contributions of insulin suppression of
      hepatic glucose output and stimulation of glucose oxidation are quite limited.
      Impaired glucose tolerance, noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and obesity
      are common clinical disorders associated with significant insulin resistance. For
      those patients with mild insulin resistance and absolute hyperinsulinemia, the
      resistance appears to be largely secondary to downregulation of the number of
      insulin receptors. For those patients with more severe insulin resistance,
      additional postreceptor defects of insulin action contribute significantly to the
      clinical disorder. The detailed characterization of these postreceptor defects
      remains to be determined.

PMID- 6369965
TI  - Cellular alterations responsible for insulin resistance in obesity and type II
      diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Numerous studies in animals and man have demonstrated that insulin resistance is
      a prominent feature in both obesity and type II diabetes mellitus. Considerable
      work over the past decade has provided us with a clearer understanding of the
      pathophysiology of these insulin resistant states. Although some alterations
      responsible for insulin resistance have been identified, the factors that mediate
      these undesirable changes are still unknown. Recent evidence demonstrates that
      improving blood sugar levels by conventional means at least partially corrects
      both the insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency of type II diabetes
      mellitus. Thus, future efforts should be directed towards a clearer understanding
      of pathophysiology and more efficacious methods of achieving metabolic control.

PMID- 6369966
TI  - Role of environmental factors in the development of noninsulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus.
AB  - Environmental factors, such as excessive caloric intake leading to obesity,
      altered dietary composition, physical inactivity, various forms of stress,
      hormonal imbalance, drugs, toxins, and the process of aging, may contribute to
      the development of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the genetically
      predisposed subject but do not by themselves cause the disease. Both abnormal
      pancreatic beta-cell function and decreased sensitivity to insulin are present in
      most patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and the degree of
      carbohydrate intolerance is dependent on the interaction between these two
      factors. Efforts to prevent or treat noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
      should be aimed primarily towards eliminating factors associated with the
      development of insulin resistance and promoting those that increase insulin
      sensitivity. Obesity, the composition of the diet, and level of physical training
      are all important in this regard and are the major environmental factors
      discussed herein.

PMID- 6369967
TI  - Mechanism of action of the second-generation sulfonylurea glipizide.
AB  - Glipizide, a second-generation sulfonylurea, has potent antidiabetic actions in
      patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The effects of glipizide
      treatment on insulin sensitivity, glucose-mediated insulin secretion, and glucose
      utilization were measured in newly diagnosed or untreated patients with
      noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The data indicate that the antidiabetic
      action of glipizide is primarily mediated by a potentiation of insulin action
      and, to a less significant and more variable degree, by an increase in nutrient
      mediated insulin secretion. Studies in normal mice and dogs show that glipizide
      potentiation of insulin action is associated with an increase in plasma membrane
      insulin receptor number, involves some postreceptor events, and is significantly
      greater on peripheral uptake of glucose than suppression of hepatic glucose
      production. The initial event in glipizide action on beta cells appears to be
      binding to a specific plasma membrane receptor.

PMID- 6369968
TI  - Glipizide: an overview.
AB  - This is a brief summary of the extensive clinical experience with glipizide in
      the treatment of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The data demonstrate
      that this agent, one of the newest oral hypoglycemics, is an effective and safe
      compound with unique properties. Among its other qualities, it has been shown (1)
      to stimulate insulin action through extrapancreatic effects that affect insulin
      receptor binding and enhance tissue responsiveness to insulin; (2) to favorably
      influence the principal pathophysiologic abnormalities, defective secretory
      dynamics, and target-cell resistance to insulin observed in noninsulin-dependent
      diabetes; (3) to improve control of blood glucose, and when used in conjunction
      with insulin, to achieve glycemic control with reductions in insulin dosage; (4)
      to lower the level of plasma glucose and to maintain this effect despite a short
      half-life; (5) to stimulate insulin secretion following its oral administration;
      (6) to be more effective than tolbutamide in elderly patients with long-standing
      diabetes; and (7) to be well tolerated with few side effects. The occurrence of
      hypoglycemia with its use is uncommon and can be avoided by appropriate
      precautions and correct usage. These factors seem to recommend its use for the
      management of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6369969
TI  - Long-term safety and efficacy of glipizide.
AB  - We studied the effect of long-term glipizide therapy in a small group of closely
      monitored patients. Fasting plasma glucose, glucose tolerance, glucose-stimulated
      insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity were measured on multiple occasions
      throughout the investigation. Our observations show that glipizide therapy is
      effective in certain patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus over a
      prolonged time period. The major effect of the drug appears to be mediated by its
      alteration of insulin sensitivity, but glipizide also causes a sustained increase
      in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in most patients.

PMID- 6369970
TI  - Effect of glipizide treatment on various aspects of glucose, insulin, and lipid
      metabolism in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Glipizide is a "second generation" sulfonylurea compound, and in this study the
      effects of several months of glipizide treatment on various aspects of glucose,
      insulin, and lipid metabolism were documented in 23 patients with noninsulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus. Mean (+/-SEM) fasting plasma glucose concentration
      decreased (p less than 0.001) from 264 +/- 12 to 172 +/- 10 mg/dl, and a similar
      decrement in postprandial glucose concentration was also seen following glipizide
      therapy. Mean plasma triglyceride concentration was also lower (p less than 0.05)
      after glipizide treatment and was associated with modest reciprocal changes in
      plasma cholesterol (lower) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (higher)
      concentrations. Although neither of these latter two effects was statistically
      significant, the net effect was to lead to a significant (p less than 0.02)
      increase in the ratio of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to total
      cholesterol. Furthermore, significant relationships were noted between the
      improvement in diabetic control in glipizide-treated patients and lowering of
      both very low-density lipoprotein-triglyceride (r = 0.69, p less than 0.001) and
      low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (r = 0.54, p less than 0.02) concentrations.
      Finally, glipizide treatment was associated with improvements in both the plasma
      insulin response to mixed meals and estimates of in vivo insulin-stimulated
      glucose utilization. Although both of these changes were likely to have
      contributed to the ability of glipizide to lower plasma glucose concentrations,
      only the increase in in vivo insulin action correlated with the improvement in
      diabetic control (r = 0.69, p less than 0.001).

PMID- 6369971
TI  - Insulin secretion and action in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Is
      insulin resistance secondary to hypoinsulinemia?
AB  - The insulin-stimulated glucose metabolic clearance rate, assessed by the insulin
      clamp technique, was compared in 40 normal subjects and 40 age- and weight
      matched patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. These studies were
      conducted at steady-state plasma insulin levels of approximately 100 microU/ml,
      and the mean (+/- standard error of the mean) glucose metabolic clearance rate of
      patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was 81 +/- 9 ml/m2 per
      minute, as compared with a value of 235 +/- 14 ml/m2 per minute for normal
      subjects. This difference was highly statistically significant (p less than
      0.001) and documents the extreme resistance to insulin-stimulated glucose
      utilization seen in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Patients with
      noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were also shown to have a lower than
      normal plasma insulin response to an oral glucose challenge. In contrast, ambient
      plasma insulin concentrations of normal subjects and patients with noninsulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus were found to be quite comparable when measured
      throughout the day in response to the ingestion of conventional mixed meals.
      Consequently, absolute hypoinsulinemia is not characteristic of patients with
      noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus under conditions of daily living. Finally,
      the ability of intensive insulin treatment to improve insulin resistance was
      studied after one and six weeks of therapy. These results indicated that
      successful control of hyperglycemia led to a significant improvement in insulin
      action as early as one week after the initiation of insulin therapy, with no
      further changes noted after prolonged insulin administration. The degree to which
      insulin action approached normal values was greater when studies were carried out
      at circulating insulin levels of approximately 2,000 microU/ml as compared with
      insulin levels of approximately 100 microU/ml, but in both instances insulin
      treated diabetic patients remained insulin-resistant as compared with normal
      subjects. These results have corroborated the fact that abnormalities of both
      insulin action and secretion can be documented in patients with noninsulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus. However, patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus were not found to be absolutely hypoinsulinemic in their daily
      existence, and control of their hyperglycemia with exogenous insulin did not
      restore insulin-stimulated glucose utilization to normal. Consequently, these
      data are not consistent with the view that the insulin resistance in noninsulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus is entirely a secondary consequence of the
      hypoinsulinemia presumed to be present in these patients.

PMID- 6369972
TI  - Clinical utility of oral hypoglycemic agents in the management of patients with
      noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Clinical usage of the sulfonylurea drugs is based on experience in well
      controlled long-term studies in large numbers of patients. The results of such
      studies indicate that approximately 60 to 70 percent of the patients with
      noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus of recent onset will respond initially to
      sulfonylurea therapy with satisfactory control of glycemia, about 15 to 20
      percent will not respond initially (primary failures), and another 15 to 20
      percent who respond initially will lose their responsiveness during the first few
      years of treatment (secondary failures). In extensive studies in small numbers of
      patients, we found that successful management of noninsulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus with glipizide was correlated with increased insulin responsiveness and
      that patients who did not have an increase in their insulin-mediated glucose
      disposal during glipizide therapy were primary failures. Successful treatment of
      noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with sulfonylureas is associated with
      onset of of the disease at 40 years of age or later, normal or increased body
      weight, duration of disease less than five years, and a history of either no
      previous insulin therapy or therapy with less than 20 units of insulin per day.
      The use of specific sulfonylurea drugs is predicated on differences in their
      metabolism, side effects, and perhaps potency.

PMID- 6369973
TI  - Significance of immunoglobulin G subclasses.
AB  - IgG subclasses differ from one another both immunochemically and functionally. An
      isolated absence of a certain specific subclass may or may not be associated with
      disease. However, an absence of serum IgG4 as measured by a sensitive
      radioimmunoassay is usually, if not always, associated with severe recurrent
      pyogenic infections, usually of the respiratory tract. IgG2 and IgG4 deficiencies
      tends to occur together, often in association with deficiencies of immunoglobulin
      A (IgA) and/or immunoglobulin E (IgE). The properties of IgG1 are similar to
      those of IgG3 and those of IgG2 appear to resemble those of IgG4 in certain
      respects. Specific combined deficiencies tend to be associated with certain
      diseases. Some patients with deficiency of an immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass
      appear able to compensate and to avoid clinical disease whereas others are not.
      Overlap zones exist in the lower ranges of serum concentrations in which both
      healthy and immunoincompetent subjects are found. It is important to consider the
      concentration of each IgG subclass present in a gamma globulin preparation or in
      plasma used for replacement therapy. If specific antibody deficiencies exist, it
      may be critical that the preparation used for replacement contains goodly amounts
      of the missing antibodies.

PMID- 6369974
TI  - Limitations of current antimicrobial therapy in the immunosuppressed host:
      looking at both sides of the coin.
AB  - During the last twenty years there have been considerable advances in the
      antimicrobial management of the immunosuppressed host. These include the
      development of antibiotics with broad-spectrum and high bactericidal activity
      along with the appreciation of the importance of promptly initiating empiric
      antibiotic therapy when the granulocytopenic patient becomes febrile and
      continuing them (in some cases with empiric antifungal therapy) until the
      resolution of granulocytopenia. Nonetheless, infection still remains a major
      cause of death in compromised hosts and a number of limitations of therapy
      persist. Included are a limited repertoire of drugs active against fungi
      (particularly Aspergillus) as well as certain viruses (for example,
      cytomegalovirus) and the inability to eradicate certain sites of infection (for
      example, Pseudomonas pneumonia) even with effective agents. Current
      investigations are focused on developing new antimicrobial agents as well as
      methods to improve the altered host defenses of immunosuppressed patients, both
      as adjuvants to therapy and, eventually, as a means to prevent infectious
      complications.

PMID- 6369975
TI  - Immunologic response of trauma and burns. An overview.
AB  - Immunologic alterations occur after elective surgery, accidental injuries, and
      burns. These alterations are dose-related, that is, minor insults bring about
      minor alterations that appear to be of no clinical relevance, but major accidents
      and extensive burns cause major alterations, which have been correlated with the
      incidence of life-threatening septic complications. Because many aspects of the
      immune system seem to be affected, a concerted move in the direction of
      immunologic manipulation of the surgically injured patient has been difficult.
      Nevertheless, several potentially promising avenues of immune modulation are
      currently undergoing clinical trials.

PMID- 6369976
TI  - Opportunistic infections in severely burned patients.
AB  - The risk of infection in burn patients, which is proportional to the extent of
      burn, reflects the combined effect of impairment of all aspects of the host
      defense system and microbial factors. The microbial flora colonizing the burn
      wound changes with time following injury and provides the organisms causing
      infections in burn patients. The temporal pattern of the predominant gram
      negative organisms causing infections in a burn unit resembles that of a
      succession of mini-epidemics necessitating an active program of microbial
      surveillance to guide treatment of infections. Topical chemotherapy has
      significantly reduced the occurrence of invasive burn wound infections, but
      microbial control is imperfect and the burn wound, as well as the patient as a
      whole, must be closely monitored (using wound biopsies as indicated) to diagnose
      and treat infection in a timely manner. The treatment of burn wound infections is
      guided by extent and depth of microbial invasion, density of microorganisms, and
      systemic changes. As a manifestation of immunologic impairment, infection in
      sites other than the burn wound remains the most frequent cause of death in burn
      patients. The use of broad spectrum serologic agents to enhance immuno-competence
      in extensively burned patients may reduce the occurrence of life threatening
      opportunistic infections.

PMID- 6369977
TI  - Immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses and human disease.
AB  - The isotypes of IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 were determined in immunoglobulin
      preparations and the effect on serum levels of treated patients. Serum IgG
      subclass deficiencies were recorded in different patient groups: (1) IgG2-IgG4
      deficiency was associated with IgA deficiency. (2) IgG2-IgG4 deficiency was found
      in patients with ataxia telangiectasia. (3) Low IgG2 levels were recorded in
      patients with SLE; one of these patients with recurrent pericarditis was treated
      with immunoglobulin with good results. (4) Low IgG2 and/or low IgG3 levels were
      found in patients with juvenile diabetes mellitus. (5) Mothers giving birth to
      severely group B streptococci infected infants showed low levels of IgG
      subclasses indicating that the newborns were IgG subclass deficient at birth. (6)
      In a prospective study of children with recurrent otitis media aged 12 and 32
      months the IgG2 levels were significantly reduced in the group with considerably
      high otitis proneness. In patients with IgG2-IgG4 deficiency, absence of
      antibodies to polysaccharide antigen teichoic acid and the protein antigen alpha
      toxin of staphylococci was demonstrated. Imbalanced IgG subclass pattern with
      increased IgG4 was recorded in patients with different diseases such as atopic
      diseases and also in combination with increased IgE, Henoch-Schonlein vasculitis,
      idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, and in
      patients with Trichuris trichiura infection.

PMID- 6369978
TI  - Symposium on infectious complications of neoplastic disease (Part II). Leukocyte
      transfusions: thinking twice.
AB  - There is convincing evidence that leukocyte transfusions have a definite, albeit
      restricted, role in managing profoundly neutropenic patients and certain rare
      patients with qualitative disorders of neutrophil function. Nonetheless,
      leukocyte transfusion techniques have yet to meet a number of important
      conceptual challenges of neutrophil replacement. Even with pharmacologic
      manipulation of leukocyte donors, current methods of leukapheresis cannot provide
      neutrophils in numbers that match the body's normal use and turn-over of these
      cells. Neutrophils have also proved to be fragile cells in the blood bank,
      readily losing normal function with certain collection procedures and during
      short periods of storage. Moreover, transfused neutrophils that are unable to
      function and circulate normally in recipients can produce serious toxic
      reactions. In light of the marginal demonstrable benefits of leukocyte
      transfusions, potential toxicity is necessarily an important consideration in
      decisions to use this form of hematologic support. The fact that leukocyte
      recipients are usually extremely ill does not alter the physician's
      responsibility to avoid bringing harm to the patient without benefit.

PMID- 6369980
TI  - Symposium on infectious complications of neoplastic disease (Part II).
      Legionnaires' disease. Aspects of nosocomial infection.
AB  - Tremendous progress has been made recently in characterization of Legionella
      pneumophila and infections caused by it. Certain areas that are particularly
      germane to immunosuppressed patients, who are affected more frequently than other
      patients, and areas that are controversial and merit particular consideration are
      considered herein. These include pathogenesis and correlation of experimental and
      clinical evidence, nosocomial outbreaks and almost ubiquitous distribution of L.
      pneumophila in water despite only a limited number of studies linking the two by
      aerosols, prevalence and possible reasons for the apparent spotty distribution,
      protean clinical manifestations, difficulties in diagnosis, certain aspects of
      therapy, and control by environmental changes.

PMID- 6369979
TI  - Symposium on infectious complications of neoplastic disease (Part II).
      Chemoprophylaxis of bacterial infections in granulocytopenic patients.
AB  - Several prospectively randomized trials have shown that the administration of
      prophylactic oral nonabsorbable antibiotics may be beneficial in decreasing the
      incidence of infection in granulocytopenic patients, whereas others have not.
      Intolerable nausea and vomiting have prevented the prolonged use of these agents
      in some studies. Discontinuation of therapy while patients are still
      granulocytopenic has carried the risk of life-threatening infections, often with
      aminoglycoside-resistant gram-negative organisms. The benefit of selective
      decontamination with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole used prophylactically remains
      controversial. The use of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole may also be associated
      with the development of resistant, potentially pathogenic, organisms or prolonged
      neutropenia. These regimens do not appear to be indicated when patients are
      anticipated to be neutropenic for less than three weeks. Even in patients with
      prolonged neutropenia, the risks of such treatment must be weighed against
      potential benefits.

PMID- 6369981
TI  - Diffuse histiocytic lymphoma in a patient treated with cyclophosphamide for
      Wegener's granulomatosis.
AB  - Diffuse histiocytic lymphoma developed in a 48-year-old man with Wegener's
      granulomatosis after nine years of therapy with cyclophosphamide. He died despite
      aggressive surgical and medical therapy for the lymphoma. This may be the first
      report of diffuse histiocytic lymphoma following treatment of Wegener's
      granulomatosis with cyclophosphamide. Recommendations for the approach towards
      extended therapy of smoldering Wegener's granulomatosis are discussed.

PMID- 6369982
TI  - Neisseria subflava endocarditis. Case report and review of the literature.
AB  - Neisseria subflava is a rare cause of bacterial endocarditis. Only seven cases
      have been identified in the world literature if strict criteria as to organism
      classification and of endocarditis are applied to individual case reports. The
      first reported case in an intravenous drug user is described. In addition,
      findings on serial two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography performed during
      and after the treatment period are presented. This patient's recovery with anti
      microbial therapy alone despite evidence of aortic and significant mitral valve
      involvement is in accord with results of other antibiotic-treated cases.

PMID- 6369983
TI  - Status of immunity of newborns against Yersinia enterocolitica: a preliminary
      report.
AB  - Out of 221 cord blood specimens assayed by whole cell agglutination for
      antibodies against Y. enterocolitica serogroup 0:3, 0:5,27, and 0:8, only four
      showed agglutinins despite the high percentage (33%) of agglutinating antibodies
      in 151 sera of pregnant women, ranging in titer from 4 to 32. Of 199 different
      cord sera tested, 25% to 28% showed low-level antibodies against erythrocytes
      treated with individual heat-extracts from Y. enterocolitica 0:3, 0:5,27, and
      0:8. These sera equally agglutinated erythrocytes sensitized with the heat
      extract of a randomly selected Escherichia coli strain. Conversely, when anti
      yersinia hemagglutinins were absent in cord sera, concomitant cross-reactivity
      with E. coli was also absent. None of the 199 cord sera with a HA titer greater
      than or equal to 4 were reactive by whole cell agglutination. Under the test
      conditions used, CEA (common enterobacterial antigen) could be the main antigenic
      component to which the Y. enterocolitica hemagglutinins were directed. Nine of
      the reactive sera from pregnant women were treated with staphylococcal protein A
      with resultant loss of reactivity. Transplacentally acquired antibody directed
      primarily against the CEA antigen of Y. enterocolitica may protect the newborn
      against Y. enterocolitica infection.

PMID- 6369985
TI  - Parenteral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for gram-negative bacillary meningitis.
AB  - Three adults with gram-negative bacillary meningitis were treated with an
      intravenous preparation of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. This therapy
      sterilized the cerebrospinal fluid in each case. The infections occurred as
      complications of neurosurgery, trauma and chronic otitis media. Serratia
      marcescens was the causative organism in two patients and Proteus vulgaris in the
      third. The infecting organism was eradicated within three to 17 days of beginning
      intravenous trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Followup CSF cultures after completing
      therapy were sterile. These cases suggest intravenous
      trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole may be effective treatment for some cases of gram
      negative bacillary meningitis.

PMID- 6369986
TI  - Brief clinical report: neural tube defects as an X-linked condition.
AB  - We present a family in which a woman had 3 brothers and 3 sons with neural tube
      defects.

PMID- 6369984
TI  - The risk of hepatitis B infection among health professionals in the United
      States: a review.
AB  - Many physicians, dentists, and allied health personnel sustain occupational
      exposures to blood and other body fluids that increase their risk of contracting
      type B viral hepatitis. Overall, the risk of hepatitis B among persons employed
      in health-related fields is estimated to be approximately four times that in the
      general adult population. Studies on the incidence of infection and the
      prevalence of hepatitis B serologic markers have further defined risk in specific
      occupational categories and work activities. Physicians and dentists are five to
      ten times more likely than the general adult population to experience hepatitis B
      infection. Infection rates ten or more times above the average have often been
      characteristic of surgeons, patient care personnel in dialysis units and
      institutions for the mentally handicapped, and clinical laboratory workers having
      frequent contact with blood samples.

PMID- 6369987
TI  - Conference report: International Workshop on the fragile X and X-linked mental
      retardation.

PMID- 6369989
TI  - Computer literature for nurses.

PMID- 6369988
TI  - Bacterial meningitis in children.

PMID- 6369990
TI  - Long-term survival after chemotherapy for advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - Four hundred twenty-nine patients were entered into four prospective randomized
      clinical studies between January 1, 1973, and July 1, 1979. The records of 395 of
      these were analyzed to determine the proportion of patients surviving 48 months
      after therapy initiation. Ninety-six patients (24%) were living at 48 months, 89
      of whom had second-look laparotomies. Of the 96 living patients, 53 (55%) were
      clinically free of disease and 43 (45%) had disease. Combination-agent
      chemotherapy produced a larger proportion of 48-month survivors than single-agent
      therapy (P = 0.001); 70% of these survivors were clinically free of disease.
      Patient characteristics, such as age, International Federation of Gynaecology and
      Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, histologic grade of tumor, and amount of residual tumor
      present prior to chemotherapy exerted a strong influence on length of survival.
      Long-term survival was not totally dependent on a complete response to
      chemotherapy; in fact, persistent treatment with drug regimens induced bone
      marrow disorders and death due to toxicity in five patients. The continued fall
      in survival curves after 48 months suggests that current therapy regimens are not
      dramatically changing long-term survival rates.

PMID- 6369991
TI  - Maternal smoking and prostacyclin production by cultured endothelial cells from
      umbilical arteries.
AB  - A study was made of the production of prostacyclin (PGI2) by cultured endothelial
      cells from the umbilical veins of mothers who smoked and of matched mothers who
      did not smoke. Cells were obtained from 58 umbilical cords from 22 apparently
      healthy women, 11 mild smokers (less than 15 cigarettes per day), and 25 heavy
      smokers (more than 15 cigarettes per day). Production of PGI2 by the cells was
      calculated by measuring the amount of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha released in
      the culture medium after the addition of arachidonic acid, by means of a specific
      radioimmunoassay. Endotheliai cells from mild and heavy smokers were
      significantly less able to grow and to reach confluency than cells from
      nonsmokers. Smoking also resulted in a marked reduction in the capacity of
      cultured cells to produce PGI2. This was particularly apparent for the cells from
      heavy smokers. Smoking during pregnancy appears to induce some modifications in
      the enzymes of the prostacyclin pathway which persist in endothelial cells
      undergoing replication in primary culture even in the absence of the pathogenic
      factor.

PMID- 6369993
TI  - Bulimia in the Talmud.

PMID- 6369992
TI  - Immunoperoxidase staining for Ia-like antigens in paraffin-embedded tissues from
      human melanoma and lung carcinoma.
AB  - The human Ia-like antigens that are predominantly expressed by cells associated
      with immunologic function has been considered as a diagnostic marker of malignant
      transformation of some nonlymphoid tissues. Immunoperoxidase staining of formalin
      fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections with a monoclonal antibody to Ia-like
      antigens was chosen for assessment of the value of this marker for diagnosis in
      surgical pathology. Monoclonal antibody LK8D3 developed against a human melanoma
      cell line bearing Ia-like antigens was found to react in serologic and
      immunochemical studies with an antigenic determinant of Ia-like antigens that was
      relatively stable to formalin fixation and paraffin embedding. Avidin-biotin
      complex peroxidase staining of formalin-paraffin sections with LK8D3 showed focal
      expression of Ia-like antigens in 3 of 12 melanomas, whereas all 8 cases of
      intradermal nevi were negative. Immunoperoxidase staining of formalin-paraffin
      sections of lung carcinomas with antibody LK8D3 was related to the histologic
      subtype of tumors. Thus, squamous cell carcinomas showed only very focal staining
      for Ia-like antigens in 5/9 cases, while widespread and intense Ia-like
      immunoreactivity was seen in 3/5 cases of lung adenocarcinomas, including two
      bronchioalveolar carcinomas. The presence of Ia-like antigens in lung
      adenocarcinoma may not be entirely associated with malignant transformation,
      because normal alveolar lining cells were stained with the antibody.

PMID- 6369994
TI  - Psychotherapy in Sweden: historical background, current status, and future
      projections.
AB  - From medieval times, care of the emotionally disturbed in Sweden has shifted
      between moralistic and enlightened approaches. In this century through the 1960s,
      organic methods have predominated, with emphasis on description and precise
      diagnosis. Psychodynamic treatment has been only reluctantly accepted until the
      past decade, with child psychiatrists and psychologists at the forefront. Norway
      has typically been most progressive in the establishment of psychoanalytic and
      other psychodynamic movements in Scandinavia, with Sweden following and Denmark
      often lagging behind. In 1970, Norway became the first Scandinavian country to
      require training in psychotherapy for psychiatrists. Sweden remained more
      conservative for years, both in adherence to the organic model at one extreme,
      and in supporting one of the most orthodox psychoanalytic movements in the world,
      at the other. During the 1970s, however, it became increasingly more common for
      psychiatrists in Sweden to seek training in psychotherapy through a variety of
      organizations, established since the early 1930s and operating independently of
      each other. In 1978, a uniform state program in psychotherapy was developed with
      theoretical and practical requirements, and is scheduled in the near future to
      become obligatory for psychiatrists, psychologists, and various other mental
      health professionals. The paramedical personnel has become increasingly more
      involved in mental health care during the past decade. In delivery of care, the
      "sectorization" principle has become central, and is likely to set the tone for
      the future. With the entire country divided into local catchment areas, the
      direction will be toward psychodynamic approaches integrated with traditional
      organic models, open care, decentralization, planned prophylaxis, and full
      collaboration of all mental health professionals and social agencies.

PMID- 6369995
TI  - The case of Karen Silkwood.

PMID- 6369996
TI  - Renal biopsy morphology in renal transplantation. A comparative study of the
      light-microscopic appearances of biopsies from patients treated with cyclosporin
      A or azathioprine prednisone and antilymphocyte globulin.
AB  - Nephrotoxicity is a major side effect of cyclosporin A (CSA) when used in renal
      transplantation, and the distinction between nephrotoxicity and rejection is
      important in patient management. One hundred twenty-five renal biopsies were
      examined from 56 patients entered into a controlled clinical trial aimed at
      comparing the efficacy of CSA therapy alone to a combination of prednisone,
      azathioprine, and antilymphocyte globulin (AZA). In order to define the
      histopathology of rejection and nephrotoxicity, all the biopsies were evaluated
      in a semiquantitative manner by an observer unaware of the clinical state of the
      patient. Comparison of the morphological appearances of 32 biopsies from patients
      on CSA, and 22 biopsies from AZA-treated patients performed during clinically
      apparent rejection episodes showed that the histological patterns of rejection
      were the same in both treatment groups. Comparison of the morphological features
      of 34 biopsies from patients receiving CSA and 13 from patients receiving AZA,
      performed during prolonged periods of post-transplant renal failure, who
      eventually recovered on continuation of original therapy, showed that there were
      no morphological features specific to the CSA-treated group. Five patients on CSA
      had oliguria which was prolonged by CSA nephrotoxicity. Thirteen biopsies from
      all five patients showed a diffuse interstitial fibrosis that was peculiar to
      this group of patients.

PMID- 6369997
TI  - Differential diagnostic features of nodular L & H Hodgkin's disease, including
      progressive transformation of germinal centers.
AB  - The histologic features in 171 cases of nodular lymphocyte-predominant (L&H)
      Hodgkin's disease are presented and the association with an abnormal form of
      follicular hyperplasia termed "progressively transformed germinal centers" (PTGC)
      by Lennert is discussed. PTGC may closely resemble the nodules of L&H Hodgkin's
      disease and in 18% of our cases the two processes coexisted in the same lymph
      node. In addition, two patients had lymph node biopsies showing PTGC prior to
      biopsies showing nodular L&H Hodgkin's disease and three patients with
      histologically proved Hodgkin's disease were found to have PTGC in subsequent
      lymph node biopsies. Immunologic studies on frozen tissue sections from three
      cases of nodular L&H Hodgkin's disease showed that the neoplastic nodules
      contained abundant dendritic reticulum cells and B-lymphocytes with scattered T
      lymphocytes. These findings suggest that the association between PTGC and nodular
      L&H Hodgkin's disease is more than coincidental and that this form of Hodgkin's
      disease preferentially involves B-cell areas of the lymph node, in contrast to
      the T-zone distribution in other forms of this disorder.

PMID- 6369998
TI  - Carcinoid tumors. Changing concepts and new perspectives.

PMID- 6369999
TI  - Arthur Purdy Stout (1885-1967). The man and the surgical pathologist.

PMID- 6370000
TI  - Immunohistochemical analysis of thymoma. Evidence for medullary origin of
      epithelial cells.
AB  - The histologic organization of lymphoid and nonlymphoid (epithelial and
      interdigitating) cells in a thymoma has been compared to that of the normal
      thymus. Enzyme and immunohistochemical methods were applied, using both
      conventional antisera (to cytokeratin) and monoclonal antibodies (to epithelial
      cells, HLA-DR and lymphoid subsets). Throughout the tumor, the epithelial cells
      shared phenotypical similarities with the epithelial cells of thymic medulla (RFD
      4 positive, cytokeratin strongly positive, and HLA-DR essentially negative). On
      the other hand, the lymphoid cells were heterogeneous in phenotype and
      distribution, and "mimicked" the distribution seen in the normal infant thymus.
      Immature thymocytes of cortical type (TdT+, OKT6+, OKT3-) were predominant in the
      areas with moderate lymphocytic infiltration (ML). Mature T-lymphocytes (TdT-,
      OKT6-, OKT3+) were found mainly in areas with scanty lymphocytes (SL) together
      with an additional population of HLA-DR positive interdigitating and HLA-DR+,
      OKT6+ Langerhans'-type cells. These findings indicate that in thymoma tissue, the
      lymphoid elements of cortical type are apparently surrounded by an inappropriate
      (medullary) epithelium.

PMID- 6370001
TI  - Plasmodium falciparum strain-specific human antibody inhibits merozoite invasion
      of erythrocytes.
AB  - The extent to which human antibodies involved in functional immunity react with
      antigenic determinants varying between different isolates or strains of the human
      malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum will influence the design of vaccines
      against malaria. We identified nine immune sera from Cambodian refugees which
      blocked in vitro invasion of erythrocytes by merozoites of the Camp strain of P.
      falciparum and agglutinated Camp strain merozoites. However, none of these sera
      blocked invasion of erythrocytes by merozoites of the FCR-3 strain. We conclude
      that antibodies in these human sera recognized antigenic determinants present on
      the surface of viable merozoites of the Camp strain but not the FCR-3 strain.
      These parasite strains and in vitro assays can be used to analyze strain-specific
      functional immunity in humans.

PMID- 6370003
TI  - Identification of malaria-infected mosquitoes by a two-site enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay.
AB  - A micro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for identifying malaria
      sporozoites in mosquitoes is described. Using an extract of dried infected
      mosquitoes as antigen, a two-site ELISA was sensitive enough to detect one
      infected mosquito in a pool of 20. The species specificity, sensitivity and ease
      of performance of this assay, as well as the stability of the reagent, should
      make it a useful epidemiological tool.

PMID- 6370002
TI  - Drug sensitivity and isoenzyme type in cloned lines of Plasmodium falciparum.
AB  - Clones have been derived by limiting dilution from recent isolates of Plasmodium
      falciparum from Africa and Brazil. These clones have been characterized for
      pyrimethamine and chloroquine sensitivity and/or isoenzyme type. Clones obtained
      from an isolate containing a mixture of GPI isoenzyme types were found to have
      (with one exception) only GPI-1 or GPI-2. Clones differing 1,000-fold in
      pyrimethamine resistance were derived from a single isolate from Brazil which was
      resistant to both pyrimethamine and chloroquine. Several levels of chloroquine
      sensitivity were observed in the isolates studied. All clones showed levels of
      chloroquine sensitivity similar to that of their parent isolates. The KZ1 isolate
      from East Africa had an intermediate level of chloroquine resistance and a flat
      dose-response curve and each of its clones had a similar dose-response curve,
      indicating that the intermediate level of chloroquine resistance did not result
      from the KZ1 isolate's being a mixture of clones with high and low sensitivity.

PMID- 6370004
TI  - A survey of filariasis among refugees in south Florida.
AB  - Between January 1981 and March 1982, a filariasis survey was conducted among 668
      Haitian immigrants and 155 Southeast Asian refugees residing in Florida, U.S.A.
      Microfilariae were detected only in Haitians, with 6.7% positive for Wuchereria
      bancrofti and 1.3% positive for Mansonella ozzardi. The majority of individuals
      with bancroftian filariasis came from five coastal urban areas including Port-au
      Prince, Duvalierville, Gonaives, Leogane and Cap-Haitien. No unequivocal signs of
      bancroftian filariasis or mansonellosis were seen. Membrane feeding of several
      species and strains of laboratory-reared mosquitoes on blood from a volunteer
      microfilaremic with W. bancrofti showed that Aedes aegypti and A. taeniorhynchus,
      but not Culex quinquefasciatus, were susceptible to infection with the Haitian
      strain of W. bancrofti. Culicoides furens, a known vector of M. ozzardi in Haiti
      and present in Florida, was not tested. Further studies are needed to determine
      the competence of Florida vectors for transmitting W. bancrofti and M. ozzardi to
      the indigenous human population.

PMID- 6370005
TI  - Outbreak of invasive Escherichia coli gastroenteritis on a cruise ship.
AB  - An invasive strain of Escherichia coli (ONT:NM) was isolated from stool specimens
      from 7 of 10 ill passengers who developed diarrhea during a 5-day ocean cruise.
      The ill passengers had shared no common exposures off the ship before or during
      the cruise. Three of the persons whose stools were cultured were part of a tour
      group of 219 persons, and a food consumption and health history questionnaire was
      completed by 190 members (87%) of this tour group. Forty-seven (25%) had had
      diarrhea during the cruise; other symptoms among those with diarrhea included
      nausea (72%), abdominal cramps (68%), headache (68%), chills (60%), dizziness
      (53%), myalgias (43%), subjective fever (36%), and vomiting (26%). The median
      duration of symptoms was 3 days. Eating at cold buffets on ship and eating potato
      salad, a buffet food item, were significantly associated with illness. No
      evidence of secondary spread of illness in household contacts of the ill person
      was found.

PMID- 6370006
TI  - Andreas Vesalius: anatomist, surgeon, count palatine, and pilgrim.

PMID- 6370007
TI  - 15 (R)-15-methyl prostaglandin E2 does not prevent gastrointestinal bleeding in
      seriously ill patients.
AB  - A prospective, randomized trial was designed to compare the relative efficacy of
      15 (R)-15-methyl prostaglandin E2 with antacid (usually Mylanta II) in 46
      patients admitted to a respiratory-surgical intensive care unit. Bleeding was
      assessed by a modification of the Hemoccult slide test. Three of 22 patients in
      the antacid group bled, and 12 of 24 patients in the prostaglandin group bled,
      for a highly significant difference (p = 0.008). Patients in whom prophylaxis
      failed tended to have a greater number of risk factors. Other prostaglandin
      analogues that do not require conversion from an inactive to an active form, may
      be more useful than the agent we studied. Based on currently available data, the
      hourly titration of the gastric juice to a pH of greater than 3.5 remains the
      preferred method of prophylaxis for acute bleeding from the stomach in seriously
      ill patients.

PMID- 6370008
TI  - Comparison of kidney transplant survival between patients treated with
      cyclosporine and those treated with azathioprine and antithymocyte globulin.
AB  - One hundred thirty two patients who received cadaver kidney transplants in three
      Boston transplant centers were analyzed to demonstrate the immunosuppressive
      effect of cyclosporine and steroid therapy versus conventional immunosuppression.
      Of these, 35 patients received the cyclosporine and steroid regimen and 97
      received conventional immunosuppression. The number of patients with preformed
      reactive antibody was greater in the cyclosporine group; however, a greater
      number of patients were diabetic in the conventional group. The incidence of
      acute tubular necrosis was significantly higher in the cyclosporine group. There
      was no significant difference in transplant or patient survival between these
      groups.

PMID- 6370010
TI  - History of stapedectomy.
AB  - The history of stapedectomy dates back to the late 19th century. Although
      otologists in both the United States and Europe were performing stapedectomy
      operations at the turn of the century, stapes surgery ceased in the early 1900s.
      This paper examines the early and recent history of stapes surgery. An analysis
      of the early literature elucidates the reasons for the previous discontinuation
      of stapes surgery.

PMID- 6370009
TI  - The solitary thyroid nodule: diagnosis and management of malignant disease.
AB  - While few solitary thyroid nodules are carcinomatous, it is essential to identify
      and preferentially select those that are for surgery. Clinical, biochemical,
      serologic, radiographic, scintigraphic, sonographic, biopsy, and even therapeutic
      evaluation may be necessary to choose those patients with the greatest
      probability of malignancy. The benefits and limitations of each diagnostic
      modality are discussed, and the importance of fine-needle aspiration is stressed.
      After the operative confirmation of malignancy, the prognosis in any given case
      depends on 1) the histologic type of the neoplasm, 2) its size and extent, 3) the
      presence of angioinvasiveness, 4) the tendency toward multicentricity of the
      lesion, 5) the age and sex of the patient, and 6) whether distant metastases are
      present. These factors influence the extent of surgery required for well
      differentiated carcinomas. Meticulous dissection and preservation of the
      recurrent laryngeal nerves and the parathyroid glands along with their blood
      supply are important if total thyroidectomy for papillary carcinoma is to be
      employed with an acceptable operative morbidity to optimize survival. The value
      of the adjunctive use of thyroid hormone and radioactive iodine is also
      discussed. Finally, the clinical behaviors and treatments of undifferentiated
      carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, and neoplasms metastatic to the thyroid gland
      are reviewed.

PMID- 6370011
TI  - [The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in normal pregnancy and pregnancy
      complicated by hypertension (review of the literature)].

PMID- 6370012
TI  - High-dose melphalan therapy for the treatment of children with refractory
      neuroblastoma and Ewing's sarcoma.
AB  - Neuroblastoma and Ewing's sarcoma are examples of pediatric cancers in which
      disseminated disease is often present at diagnosis or develops later in spite of
      combination therapy. The demonstration that marrow-ablative doses of chemotherapy
      can increase tumor cell kill, and that autologous bone marrow can be
      cryopreserved and reinfused into the patient to reverse such marrow ablation, has
      stimulated interest in this approach to refractory childhood cancers. We present
      results of treating eighteen patients with recurrent neuroblastoma and Ewing's
      sarcoma resistant to conventional therapy. We used supralethal doses of
      melphalan, supported by reinfusion of previously cryopreserved autologous bone
      marrow. Seven of 10 neuroblastoma and six of eight Ewing's sarcoma patients had
      complete or partial responses, lasting for a median of 6 months (neuroblastoma)
      and 3 months (Ewing's sarcoma). Prolonged hospitalization, pancytopenia
      complicated by sepsis, and reversible gastrointestinal toxicity were the major
      side effects. These results suggest this approach should be tested in therapeutic
      trials at an earlier disease stage in children who have cancers with a
      predictably bad prognosis.

PMID- 6370013
TI  - Sickle cell anemia 35 years ago: reminiscence of early African studies.
AB  - The author was a biochemist who, because he had experience in plasma iron
      estimations, became involved in the investigation of a hypochromic anemia in
      India during World War II. This led to another such study in Uganda after the
      war. There, an investigation of the incidence of sickling led to the discovery of
      overall differences between Hamitic-speaking tribes and the Bantu and Nilotes. A
      few exceptions could later be explained on the basis of the effect of malaria on
      sickling incidence. A mapping of the world distribution of sickle-cell and other
      hemoglobins followed, as well as a search for factors which cause the severity of
      sickle-cell anemia to vary. A most important lowering influence on this severity
      seems to be that of alpha-thalassemia. It is suggested that the high incidence of
      alpha-thalassemia type 2 (alpha/alpha alpha) in malarial regions is not related
      to malaria itself but to the beta-chain abnormalities which protect against
      malaria and therefore are frequent in the same populations. Alpha thalassemia in
      turn has a selective value because it lowers the pathological effect of sickle
      cell anemia, as well as the consequences of Hemoglobin E and beta-thalassemia.

PMID- 6370014
TI  - Legal issues and ethical dilemmas surrounding bone marrow transplantation in
      children.
AB  - Bone marrow transplantation is but one of numerous new medical technologies that
      have raised complex legal and ethical issues. Laws pertaining to medical advances
      have generally been passed in response to the need to resolve conflicts in
      judicial opinions rather than in anticipation of those issues which impinge on
      individual liberties. Bone marrow transplantation law is not an exception. It is,
      unfortunately, not a product of a planned dialogue between members of those
      disciplines that could contribute significantly to the development of model
      codes. Consequently it seems predictable that public policy concerning bone
      marrow transplantation may not be shaped by the leveling influence that the
      medical profession can bring to such discussions unless physicians take the
      initiative to lay the foundations for such dialogues. It is hoped that these
      discussions will help to enhance and not impede the application of bone marrow
      transplantation not only for more children but also for other conditions that are
      not currently treated successfully.

PMID- 6370015
TI  - Legal issues involving bone marrow transplants to minors.
AB  - Legal issues are always involved in transplantation situations in which the
      proposed donor is a minor. This paper outlines the legal issues of informed
      consent and discusses the requirement for courts to be involved in approval of
      such transplant procedures. The paper provides a description of the legal
      procedures of which physicians should be aware when they propose to use donors
      who are minors for transplant operations.

PMID- 6370016
TI  - Self-help large-group therapy for alcoholism: a controlled study.
AB  - An innovative approach to ambulatory alcoholism treatment is proposed, based on
      adapting a self-help modality to the institutional clinic setting, for more cost
      effective care. It draws on the principles of social influence in large groups,
      and diffuses the therapist's perogatives among more advanced patients. The
      program thereby operates with half the usual counseling staff. In this study (n =
      235), a controlled comparison of this approach was made with more conventional
      clinic treatment, based on small-group therapy. Retention and visit rates of the
      experimental patients over 1 year of care were no different from the control
      patients, and engagement of inpatients into ambulatory care was more effective.

PMID- 6370017
TI  - Ethanol metabolism in women taking oral contraceptives.
AB  - The relationship between oral contraceptives and ethanol metabolism in women was
      examined in a group of 40 female social drinkers between the ages of 21 and 30.
      Twenty women taking oral contraceptives and 20 women not taking oral
      contraceptives were given a moderate dose of ethanol (0.52 g/kg) during the
      menstrual, intermenstrual and premenstrual phases of the menstrual cycle. The
      group of women taking oral contraceptives demonstrated a significantly decreased
      ethanol elimination rate (105 mg/kg/hr) than the women not taking oral
      contraceptives (121 mg/kg/hr, p less than .005). Ethanol disappearance rate also
      was significantly decreased for women taking oral contraceptives (0.015%/hr) than
      women not taking them (0.019%/hr, p less than .001). These results were
      consistent across the three phases of the menstrual cycle and when body leanness
      was taken into consideration. The decreased rate of ethanol metabolism in women
      taking oral contraceptives is consistent with reports of other drugs having
      decreased metabolic rates in women taking birth control pills. These results
      suggest that women taking oral contraceptives should be cautioned concerning
      their possible interaction with ethanol, as well as other drugs.

PMID- 6370018
TI  - Alcohol-induced changes in lipids and lipoproteins.
AB  - Fasting plasma samples from 42 voluntary subjects of moderate to high
      socioeconomic status families and living in Delhi, taking 5-20 oz/week of alcohol
      regularly, and 42 normal subjects from comparable socioeconomic status with no
      history of intake of alcohol and no evidence of any known metabolic or coronary
      problems were analyzed for cholesterol and triglycerides and their levels in
      lipoprotein fractions, i.e., very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), low density
      lipoproteins (LDL), and high density lipoproteins (HDL). Free fatty acids, urea,
      uric acid, and glucose levels were also determined and dietary intake was
      calculated in the two groups. Cholesterol and triglycerides in plasma, and VLDL
      and LDL fractions were found to be increased in the alcohol-taking group even
      though their intake of alcohol was moderate. VLDL fraction formed 65 and 32% of
      total triglycerides and cholesterol, respectively. Sugar, uric acid, and free
      fatty acids (FFA) increased significantly in the alcohol-taking group. Total
      energy intake was significantly higher in the alcohol-taking group mainly from
      significant high intake of proteins and fats. Calculated on the basis of
      intake/day/kg of body weight, the difference in intake of protein, fat, and
      carbohydrates was insignificant. Regular intake of even small quantity of alcohol
      along with food rich in proteins and fats may induce elevation of high
      cholesterol-containing lipoproteins, i.e., LDL and VLDL with increased
      hypertriglyceridemia, and these increased levels may constitute important
      coronary risk factors.

PMID- 6370019
TI  - Growth hormone, vasopressin, cortisol, and catecholamine responses to insulin
      hypoglycemia in alcoholics.
AB  - The hormonal responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia were studied in 15
      abstinent alcoholics with varying degrees of central and peripheral nerve damage
      and in six normal controls. Blood samples were taken at intervals after the
      injection of soluble insulin (0.1 U/kg of body weight). Growth hormone responses
      were significantly depressed (p less than 0.05) in nine alcoholics with severe
      central nerve damage (Korsakoff's psychosis) as compared to other alcoholic
      subjects. The alcoholic subjects with Korsakoff's psychosis also showed
      significant depression (p less than 0.01) of glucose recovery from hypoglycemia
      as compared with controls. However, responses of vasopressin, cortisol, and
      catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) were generally normal in the
      Korsakoff patients. Our results do not support previous suggestions that
      impairment of memory in alcoholism may be related to altered vasopressin
      secretion, even though the reduced growth hormone secretion in brain-damaged
      alcoholics does indicate some hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction.

PMID- 6370020
TI  - Effects of chronic ethanol feeding on sympathetic innervated organs: temporal
      sequence of biochemical, functional, and trophic changes.
AB  - In noradrenergic nerves as well as in effector organs of the sympathetic nervous
      system, chronic ethanol feeding induced biochemical, functional, and trophic
      changes. The time sequence of modifications in the activities of tyrosine
      hydroxylase, phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase, monoamine oxidase,
      endogenous norepinephrine levels, as well as the neuronal uptake mechanism and
      secretory responses to norepinephrine in the submaxillary gland of the rat,
      confirms that the effects of chronic ethanol administration are related to an
      increase in sympathetic tone.

PMID- 6370021
TI  - Family system variables in alcoholism.
AB  - The social system of the family is a major variable in the syndrome of
      alcoholism. The family system may generate or promote the development of
      alcoholism in a family member. The alcoholic behavior of a family member may
      disrupt and impair family system function. Although these relationships highlight
      important correlations between alcoholism and family function, research evidence
      demonstrates that the relationship is complex. Simple models of a typical
      alcoholic family no longer suffice. Research on four aspects of family alcoholism
      are reviewed: family reactivity patterns, ethnic family styles, gender of the
      alcoholic spouse, and stages of alcoholism. These data support the conclusion
      that family systems are an important variable in the genesis, consequences, and
      treatment of alcoholism.

PMID- 6370022
TI  - Age and alcoholism: independent memory decrements.
AB  - Similarities and differences in performances on 18 verbal and nonverbal memory
      tasks were studied in young and old alcoholics and in young and old controls as
      test of hypotheses postulating that cognitive decrements from alcoholism either
      mimic "premature aging," are "age sensitive," or are "independent" from those of
      normal aging. Young and old alcoholics were matched in length and rate of heavy
      drinking and were also equated with their controls in age, education, and
      vocabulary. The multivariate memory and decision data, when converted to
      independent factor scores, separated alcoholic from control groups on a factor
      reflecting memory for auditorily presented information. This was independent from
      factor scores affected mainly by age, such as memory for visuospatial items or
      decision bias. Age and alcoholism produced overlapping but distinctly different
      profiles of memory impairments. Decrements in young alcoholics did not resemble
      those of aging nor did old alcoholics surpass old controls in any but one factor,
      so that neither the premature aging nor the age sensitivity hypothesis were
      invariably supported.

PMID- 6370023
TI  - Alcoholism, anxiety disorders, and agoraphobia.
AB  - A group of 48 inpatient alcoholics were studied using the Schedule for Affective
      Disorders and Schizophrenia--Life-time Version (SADS-L) and the Brief Standard
      Self-rating for Phobic Patients. Approximately one-quarter of the patients were
      diagnosed as suffering from agoraphobia and social and mixed phobias.
      Approximately 44% were diagnosed as suffering from anxiety disorders and 46% had
      suffered from an episode of major depression. Data from the self-rating
      questionnaire were consistent with the diagnostic data. The alcoholics with
      phobias had experienced more severe dysphoric feelings than nonphobic alcoholics
      with other psychiatric disorders.

PMID- 6370024
TI  - Sweat-patch testing detects inaccurate self-reports of alcohol consumption.
AB  - The object of this study was to measure how accurately drinkers report their
      consumption of alcohol. Twenty-two normal volunteers kept a written record of all
      alcoholic beverages they consumed in 1 week. During the same period, their actual
      intake was monitored by the sweat-patch test for alcohol consumption. Only nine
      subjects (40.9%) reported their alcohol consumption accurately; two (9.1%)
      overreported their intake, and 11 (50%) underreported their intake. Five (22.7%)
      of those who underreported their consumption claimed to have drunk no alcohol at
      all, but elevated ethanol levels in their sweat-patch tests indicated otherwise.
      These data suggest that self-reported claims concerning alcohol consumption or
      abstinence should be received with a degree of skepticism, and that greater
      emphasis should be placed upon objective laboratory tests for the diagnosis of
      alcohol abuse.

PMID- 6370026
TI  - Second congress of the International Society for Biomedical Research on
      Alcoholism and the annual meeting of the Research Society on Alcoholism.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 6370025
TI  - Ethanol-induced alterations in lymphocyte function in the guinea pig.
AB  - Infections and chronic liver injury are common causes of morbidity and mortality
      in alcoholics, and both of these may be related to an altered immune response.
      This study describes a guinea pig model of chronic ethanolism designed to
      selectively study the cellular immune system in a setting free from the
      malnutrition, socioeconomic deprivation, and severe underlying hepatic
      dysfunction seen in human disease. Animals were given 2.5 g/kg/day of ethanol as
      a 15% solution in 0.9% NaCl or isocaloric-dextrose-saline control solution
      intraperitoneally in 2 divided doses for 5 weeks. At 2 weeks, the mean serum
      ethanol level 1 hr after treatment was 20.4 mM (range 8.9-30.6) while the mean
      serum acetaldehyde level was 55.1 microM (range 17.0-111). At 5 weeks the serum
      levels for ethanol and acetaldehyde were 20.1 mM (13.3-32.9) and 41.5 microM (2.4
      87.6), respectively. Weight gain was persistent throughout the study and did not
      differ significantly between ethanol and control groups. After 5 weeks of
      treatment, lymphocyte response to the mitogens, phytohemagglutinin, and
      concanavalin A was significantly decreased in the ethanol treated group (p less
      than 0.05). Response to the specific antigen, picrylated human serum albumin, T &
      B cell per cent and number, skin test reactivity, peripheral white blood cell
      count, total lymphocyte count, and migration inhibitory factor production were
      not significantly altered by 5 weeks of ethanol treatment. Therefore, in a
      controlled animal model of chronic ethanolism, we observed a significant
      depression of lymphocyte blastogenic response which may, in part, explain the
      increased propensity to infection by intracellular pathogens seen in alcoholics.

PMID- 6370027
TI  - Social networks of alcoholics: some early findings.

PMID- 6370028
TI  - [Stress reduction by i.m. premedication with 6 different single substances].
AB  - In three prospective randomized studies six substances for intramuscular
      premedication were investigated and compared to placebo (NaCl 0.9%): diazepam (10
      20 mg), flunitrazepam (1-2 mg), droperidol (2.5-5 mg), triflupromazin (10-20 mg),
      pethidin (50-100 mg) and buprenorphin (0.15-0.3 mg). The effects on preoperative
      stress were evaluated with psychometrical methods (ESB), heart rate, blood
      pressure and plasma-cortisol levels. Degree of sedation and side effects were
      recorded. Good effects on anxiety were found after flunitrazepam, diazepam and
      triflupromazin. The worst effects were found after droperidol and pethidin. Good
      effects on depression were found after pethidin, buprenorphin, diazepam and
      triflupromazin. The worst effects were found after droperidol. Asthenic patients
      were improved with diazepam and flunitrazepam, but deteriorated after placebo,
      pethidin, triflupromazin and droperidol. The physiological stress parameters were
      positively influenced by diazepam and flunitrazepam, but not after placebo and
      droperidol. Nausea and vomitus were found after buprenorphin, pethidin and
      droperidol; psychological and neurological problems occurred after droperidol.
      The highest degree of sedation was found after flunitrazepam, diazepam and
      droperidol. The day after surgery the patients found placebo, flunitrazepam,
      diazepam and triflupromazin to be the best premedications, pethidin and
      buprenorphin were inferior and droperidol was the poorest premedication.

PMID- 6370029
TI  - [Abdominal compression and PEEP respiration during cardiopulmonary
      resuscitation].
AB  - Three different resuscitation techniques were assessed by monitoring
      haemodynamic, respiratory, and cerebral parameters in 12 pigs of average body wt.
      (29 kg) following electrically induced cardiac arrest. All three techniques were
      carried out in randomised sequence, each for ten minutes, on each of the 12
      animals. I = interposed ventilation and thoracic compression; S = simultaneous
      ventilation and thoracic compression; SA = simultaneous ventilation and thoracic
      compression plus abdominal binding 100 mm Hg. A compression rate of 60/min and
      ventilation rate of 12 min were used for each of the three techniques. 6 animals
      were ventilated with ZEEP for the whole of the 30 min observation period, the
      remainder with a PEEP of 5 cm H2O. In both ZEEP and PEEP groups the highest blood
      pressure and carotid artery flow rates were observed with the "SA" technique.
      PEEP ventilation and abdominal binding was found to be the most effective
      combination. Despite a rise in intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure
      rose when abdominal binding was applied. The CO2-production and arterio-venous
      oxygen difference of both ventilation groups were not significantly influenced by
      the different techniques. Even the technique "SA" did not markedly influence gas
      exchange or acid-base parameters. Despite an increase in the arterial base
      deficit and lactate levels during the course of resuscitation, the arterial pH
      did not fall below initial values because of the low paCO2. The positive effect
      of abdominal binding is a result of increased intrathoracic pressure, an increase
      in the effective circulating blood volume, and redistribution of blood flow.

PMID- 6370030
TI  - [Comparative clinical studies on parenteral and oral premedication in childhood
      with special regard to the volume and acidity of the gastric juice].
AB  - 90 children of age between 1 and 10 years who were scheduled for adenotomy were
      randomized into 3 premedication-groups. Group 1 received no premedication, group
      2 chlorprothixene 1 mg/kg i.m. and group 3 chlorprothixene 2 mg/kg orally. Prior
      to induction of anaesthesia 63.3% of the unpremedicated children were anxious or
      crying, in contrast to 23.3% of the children given oral or i.m. premedication.
      With respect to the reaction on venepuncture with a Butterfly G 23, there was no
      significant difference between the groups. The volume of gastric acid (median
      values) was 0.056 ml/kg in group 1, 0.063 ml/kg in group 2, and 0.068 ml/kg in
      group 3, with a pH of 2.0, 1.5 and 2.0 respectively. One hour after operation
      44.8% of the children in group 1, 92.6% in group 2 and 84.6% in group 3 were calm
      or sleeping. Premedication definitively improves the pre- and postoperative
      management of children. We now recommend oral chlorprothixene for the
      premedication of children because the effect of this oral premedication is
      equivalent to i.m. application, and the oral route has no influence on the
      quantity or acidity of gastric contents.

PMID- 6370031
TI  - [Post-traumatic metabolism--bases and clinical aspects].
AB  - In order to rationalize the nutritional therapy of polytraumatized patients we
      have developed a concept to explain the humoral response and subsequent metabolic
      reactions to trauma, which is based on current reports in the literature and our
      own investigations. Three separate phases should be defined. a) The acute phase:
      catecholamines dominate in the initial phase following severe trauma. Insulin
      secretion is suppressed, and the levels of the anti-insulin hormones glucagon,
      cortisol and growth hormone are increased. Under modern conditions of treatment
      this phase lasts between 12-24 h. Nutritional therapy cannot be carried out
      during this phase of maximal glycogenolysis, lipolysis and gluconeogenesis
      because of the danger that a major metabolic imbalance might develop. b) The
      intermediate phase: This phase can be said to occur when after 12-24 h the
      primary stabilisation of the acute phase is complete. Insulin secretion can now
      be stimulated, but the levels of anti-insulin hormones remain high. This phase
      lasts for a number of days. The gradual introduction of nutritional therapy is
      now possible, but the danger of metabolic imbalances arising when abrupt
      substrate increases are made is nevertheless present. Should complications arise
      this phase can at any time revert to the acute phase. Patients who are only
      slightly injured or have undergone moderately extensive surgery are from the
      onset in this phase. c) The repair phase: In uncomplicated cases the intermediate
      phase passes after a number of days into the repair phase. This stage lasts for a
      number of weeks and is dominated by the presence of insulin. The levels of the
      anti-insulin hormones have returned to normal values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6370032
TI  - [Behavior of plasma amino acids, blood sugar, insulin and glucagon in the early
      post-traumatic phase with sole substitution of fluid and electrolytes].
AB  - The findings on the changes in amino acid metabolism and hormonal regulation
      after severe trauma and the conclusions draw from these are rather controversial.
      It is well documented that even small amounts of carbohydrates may significantly
      influence amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism especially in stress situations.
      Very few studies have been carried out on polytraumatized patients given an
      absolutely carbohydrate-free diet however. The following study was carried out on
      20 polytraumatized, ventilated patients, substituted with water and electrolytes
      only over a period of 4 days after trauma. Besides amino acids in plasma and
      urine, blood glucose, insulin and glucagon levels were determined every day as
      was energy expenditure, nitrogen excretion and parameters reflecting homeostasis.
      The total plasma amino acid concentration showed a slight increase, but remained
      nearly unchanged and within the reference range over the entire period of
      investigation. The plasma branched chain amino acids showed the most marked
      change. Their total concentration increased continuously from the first (median:
      301 mumol X l-1), to the 4. day (median: 743 mumol X l-1) after trauma. Less
      affected, but also submitted to marked changes in plasma concentration in the
      early period after trauma were alanine, proline and phenylalanine. Although blood
      glucose concentrations were high, and clearly above reference range, insulin
      concentrations remained relatively low at all times (median: 24 microU X ml-1)
      while plasma glucagon concentrations were increased at all points of measurement
      (median: 327 pg X ml-1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6370034
TI  - Homogeneous enzyme immunoassay of diosgenin and its glycosides.
AB  - Homogeneous enzyme immunoassay has been used as a tool for the determination of
      diosgenin and its glycosides in plants. Diosgenin antisera was found to inhibit
      the activity of diosgenin hemisuccinate-horseradish peroxidase conjugate which
      was reversed by the addition of free diosgenin or its glycosides. The increase of
      enzyme activity was proportional to the quantity of the hapten over a certain
      range of hapten concentration. Thus, a minimum of 2.5 micrograms/ml of diosgenin
      and 11.5 micrograms/ml of diosgenin glycosides could be determined by this
      method. The results were comparable with those obtained by high-performance
      liquid chromatography and gravimetric methods.

PMID- 6370033
TI  - Isolation of tRNA isoacceptors by affinity chromatography on immobilized
      bacterial elongation factor Tu.
AB  - Elongation factor Tu from Escherichia coli or Thermus thermophilus was
      immobilized on cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose. Immobilized elongation
      factor Tu X GDP could be converted to Tu X GTP, which is able to bind aminoacyl
      tRNA. When bulk tRNA from E. coli, baker's yeast, or bovine liver was
      aminoacylated by one amino acid only, the resulting aminoacyl-tRNA could be
      separated in one step from the rest of the tRNA using an affinity column of
      immobilized elongation factor Tu X GTP. Specific tRNA isoacceptors can be
      isolated in amounts sufficient for gel electrophorectic analysis, sequence
      determinations, and hybridization experiments.

PMID- 6370035
TI  - Graphical analysis of interactions between oxidation-reduction sites in two site
      oxidation-reduction proteins.
AB  - Many enzymes that catalyze electron-transfer reaction contain multiple oxidation
      reduction centers (sites). The oxidation-reduction potential of one site as well
      as the kinetics of electron transfer through this site may be altered by the
      state of reduction of a neighboring site. Oxidation-reduction site interactions
      may be mechanistically important and quantitation of site interactions would aid
      the interpretation of thermodynamic data and possibly kinetic data. A graphical
      means to detect and quantitate interactions between oxidation-reduction sites
      from oxidation-reduction equilibrium data (type A + B in equilibrium C + D) is
      described and has its roots in the Scatchard analysis of ligand binding
      equilibria (type A + B in equilibrium C). Oxidation-reduction sites often have
      distinct physical properties allowing the titration behavior of specific sites to
      be monitored. Equilibrium measurements on specific sites of a two site protein
      allow a further analysis of the data which can be combined with the oxidation
      reduction Scatchard analysis to solve for all four specific site equilibrium
      constants. Ligand binding systems can usually measure only total site binding and
      simplifying assumptions of identical sites or noninteracting sites are required
      to solve for the site specific equilibrium constants. Thus, specific site
      equilibrium measurements offer a distinct advantage over total site measurements.
      The principles of the method are illustrated by applying the graphical analysis
      to the two site protein, thioredoxin reductase, which contains an oxidation
      reduction active site disulfide in addition to FAD. The specific site oxidation
      reduction midpoint potentials (Em) of the FAD and disulfide couples of
      thioredoxin reductase at pH 6.0, 12 degrees C, were found to be FAD/FADH2-enzyme
      (S)2 = -0.183 V, FAD/FADH2-enzyme-(SH)2 = -0.199 V, (FAD)-enzyme-(S)2/(SH)2 = 
      0.202 V, and (FADH2)-enzyme-(S)2/(SH)2 = -0.218 V. Hence, at pH 6.0, the FAD and
      disulfide sites of thioredoxin reductase have Em values that differ by
      approximately 0.019 V and have a negative interaction of about 0.016 V.

PMID- 6370036
TI  - A minireview of microheterogeneity in H1 histone and its possible significance.
AB  - Subtypes of H1 histone vary in primary structure, and the higher organisms that
      have been studied each seem to have about a half-dozen subtypes. The proportions
      of these subtypes vary with the progress of differentiation as seen in embryonic
      development, hormonally induced changes, spermatogenesis, and terminal
      differentiation. The H1 subtypes differ among themselves in their ability to
      condense DNA and small chromatin fragments. They have the potential, therefore,
      of causing different parts of the chromatin to be condensed to different degrees.

PMID- 6370037
TI  - Stanford Moore. Some personal recollections of his life and times.

PMID- 6370038
TI  - A picomole protein and peptide chemistry: some applications to the opioid
      peptides.

PMID- 6370039
TI  - Immunohistochemical demonstration of serotonin nerve fibers in the hypothalamus
      of the cat.
AB  - Distribution of serotonin nerve fibers in the hypothalamus of the cat was studied
      using the peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical method. There was a
      heavy concentration of serotonin nerve fibers in the nucleus suprachiasmaticus,
      the nucleus ventromedialis and the nucleus dorsomedialis. The distribution
      pattern of the serotonergic fibers in the cat was principally similar to that of
      the rat and monkey. However, species differences were noted in the mamillary
      complex, the nucleus hypothalamicus anterior, the nucleus paraventricularis and
      the nucleus supraopticus.

PMID- 6370040
TI  - Sudden hypotension with a test dose of chymopapain.

PMID- 6370041
TI  - Efficacy of oral premedication for pediatric outpatient surgery.

PMID- 6370042
TI  - Intracranial pressure, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate following midazolam
      or thiopental in humans with brain tumors.

PMID- 6370043
TI  - [Experience with the use of intermittent forced ventilation of the lungs using a
      Soviet respirator in resuscitative practice].

PMID- 6370044
TI  - [Erythrocyte deformability].

PMID- 6370046
TI  - Concurrent cell-mediated immunity and immediate hypersensitivity in animal model.
AB  - Drug induced allergic reactions in treated patients are sometimes accompanied by
      laboratory evidence of a simultaneous drug-specific humoral and cellular
      immunity. The relationship between the two types of immune response was studied
      in an experimental model. In the present studies ICR mice were sensitized with
      horse serum to induce an anaphylactic shock. Macrophage migration inhibition
      factor (MIF) test, which is an in vitro correlate for cell-mediated immunity
      (CMI), was performed with the animal's lymphocytes against horse serum. A
      significant inhibition in the macrophage migration was observed in the sensitized
      mice as compared to the control group. No significant difference was observed
      between the migration index of the mice that suffered fatal anaphylactic shock
      and those with milder symptoms that survived it. The demonstration of a positive
      MIF in an immediate type allergic reaction does not necessarily indicate a direct
      involvement of the CMI system in the production of clinical manifestations,
      although the MIF test may be clinically useful for diagnostic purposes, even in
      immediate hypersensitivity cases.

PMID- 6370045
TI  - Surgical treatment of chronic orofacial pain.
AB  - There are many conditions in which chronic orofacial pain is a major diagnostic
      and therapeutic problem. It is generally accepted that surgical treatment for
      these chronic pain problems should be resorted to only when more conservative
      treatments have been ineffective. Literature concerning selected orofacial pain
      problems is reviewed and the indications for surgical management are discussed.

PMID- 6370047
TI  - [Brain-death unit and renal transplantation. Evaluation of 5 years' experience].
AB  - From 1977 to 1982, 170 potential organ donors were referred to "a brain-death
      unit". A vast majority of these patients were provided by intensive care units of
      district general hospitals from Ile-de-France. This fact confirms the dispersion
      of potential organ donors and the usefulness of an organ-procurement structure
      based in an University Hospital. Its effectiveness is demonstrated by an
      harvesting rate of 58%, largely over the already published reports in case of
      absence of such a center. It is concluded that the adoption of this system by
      other hospitals would significantly increase the number of cadaver kidney grafts
      available for transplantation whereas actually the number of kidney grafts
      remains dramatically low in France.

PMID- 6370048
TI  - Drug use in pregnancy.
AB  - Expected drug effects may be enhanced or lessened in a pregnant woman, and the
      known side effects may become more likely. Possibly devastating effects on the
      fetus must be considered. In the care of a pregnant patient and her unborn,
      medications should be used only when absolutely necessary (Figure 2). Sound
      advice is the old medical adage, "Primum non nocere"--first do no harm.

PMID- 6370049
TI  - Tonsillar changes in pigs given pseudorabies (Aujeszky's disease) virus.
AB  - All of the eight 5-day-old pigs orally given pseudorabies (Aujeszky's disease)
      virus developed tonsillitis. The initial changes occurred in the subepithelial
      area between the lymphoid nodule and the crypt epithelium, showing a
      characteristic pattern of necrosis. The necrosis became more severe and gained
      access into the lymphoid nodule and crypt epithelium. Coincident with the
      histopathologic changes, numerous specific immunofluorescences were detected,
      first in the nucleus and in some parts of the cytoplasm of cells distributed in
      the subepithelial area. The fluorescence subsequently spread into adjacent
      lymphoid nodules and crypt epithelial cells. Ultrastructurally, many enveloped
      virus particles were detected in the center of the necrosis. Thereafter, the
      crypt epithelial cells also underwent degeneration, and a small number of virus
      particles were detected in the nucleus of the degenerating epithelial cells. In
      the more advanced stage, the enveloped virus particles were discharged into the
      crypt lumen.

PMID- 6370050
TI  - In vitro susceptibility of Escherichia coli of swine origin to carbadox and other
      antimicrobials.
AB  - Swine fecal Escherichia coli isolates were tested with the Microtiter broth
      dilution method for susceptibility to carbadox and 11 other antimicrobials. Of
      the 138 strains, 136 were resistant to sulfadiazine, 120 to tetracycline, 95 to
      streptomycin, and 63 to carbadox. Resistance to the remaining antimicrobials also
      was noted in various degrees, with the exception of amikacin, to which all
      strains were susceptible. Carbadox-resistant strains also were resistant to other
      antimicrobials. The multiple resistance pattern was most common to sulfadiazine
      and tetracycline or a combination of sulfadiazine, tetracycline, and
      streptomycin.

PMID- 6370051
TI  - Relationship of iron administration to susceptibility of newborn pigs to
      enterotoxic colibacillosis.
AB  - To determine whether supplemental iron (Fe) administration to newborn pigs reared
      in concrete pens not only prevents anemia, but renders the pigs more susceptible
      to Escherichia coli-induced diarrheal disease, pigs were given a large or a small
      dose of Fe IM or orally before or after challenge exposure with E coli. The
      controls were challenge-exposed pigs not given Fe and pigs not challenge exposed
      (Fe-treated and nontreated groups). Although the mortality of the pigs challenge
      exposed with E coli and administered a large oral dose of Fe shortly after birth
      was greater than that of the challenge-exposed pigs given no Fe, differences in
      mortality were not noted between any of the groups tested when the Fe was
      injected IM. The Fe-treated survivors had severe diarrhea (oral Fe
      administration) or mild diarrhea (IM Fe administration) for longer periods than
      did the nontreated survivors. All challenge-exposed pigs treated with a large
      dose of Fe gained less weight than the nontreated pigs during the diarrheal
      period and for several days thereafter. Beyond this time period, the weight gain
      of the Fe-treated pigs was substantially greater than that of their nontreated
      littermates; the weight gain of the pigs given a small dose of Fe was
      intermediate. Hemoglobin and hematocrit values of the pigs shortly after birth
      and weekly thereafter revealed that within 2 weeks, both sets of values from the
      pigs treated with a large dose of Fe were within acceptable laboratory limits and
      substantially greater than the values obtained for the nontreated pigs, which
      were severely anemic.

PMID- 6370052
TI  - Cloning and comparison of heat-stable enterotoxin genes from Escherichia coli
      strains of bovine, porcine, and avian origins.
AB  - The Ent plasmid encoding Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) isolated
      from bovine, porcine, and avian strains were used for the cloning of ST genes.
      The ST+ DNA regions were finally cloned into pBR322 as the 1.75 kilobases PstI
      fragment. The electron microscopic analysis of self-annealed molecules indicated
      that ST+ recombinant plasmid had a stem-loop structure of a size the same as that
      observed in their wild type Ent plasmids. The stem-loop structures and the
      restriction enzyme cleavage mappings indicated that 4 kinds of ST genes cloned in
      this experiment may be identical to Tn1681. The ST production levels of the
      recombinant plasmids were higher than those of the original plasmids.

PMID- 6370053
TI  - Elimination of plasmidic resistance to ampicillin and of enterotoxinogenicity in
      certain enteric gram-negative bacteria after incubation with high concentrations
      of amprolium.
AB  - We have observed that treatment with high concentrations of a thiamine analog
      (amprolium) can lead to the elimination of the plasmidic resistance to ampicillin
      and the production of enterotoxin in wild Escherichia coli strains and in E coli
      and Salmonella typhimurium strains which had received the pKM101 plasmid through
      bacterial conjugation. By computer analysis, we also have determined that there
      is a highly significant (P less than 0.01) synergism between ampicillin and
      amprolium which reduces considerably the growth of certain enteric bacterial
      strains which have a plasmidic resistance to ampicillin and which were not
      markedly affected by amprolium alone, in our experimental conditions. Our data
      indicate that the rate of loss of the plasmid pKM101 after treatment of R+
      bacterial strains with amprolium can be increased.

PMID- 6370054
TI  - Pemphigus in the dog: comparison of immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase
      method to demonstrate intercellular immunoglobulins in the epidermis.
AB  - In 3 dogs with pemphigus vulgaris and 4 dogs with pemphigus foliaceus,
      intercellular immunoglobulins were demonstrated in the epidermal stratum
      spinosum. The immunofluorescence technique on cold ethanol-fixed and paraffin
      embedded tissue sections was compared with the immunoperoxidase method on
      formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections. The results of both methods
      were identical. However, the advantage of the unlabeled antibody-enzyme method
      was that the same formalin-fixed tissue specimens could be used for conventional
      light microscopy, as well as for immunohistologic studies.

PMID- 6370055
TI  - Detection of canine antisperm antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence and
      gelatin agglutination.
AB  - Canine infertility has diverse and multiple causes. Immunologic infertility due
      to antisperm antibody is recognized and quantitated in other species, but this
      entity appears not to have been described in the dog. Before this time, there has
      been no practicable and reliable method to measure canine antisperm antibodies.
      This study was directed at inducing the production of such antibodies by
      immunizing dogs with sperm antigens and measuring the resulting antibodies, using
      the recognized techniques of indirect fluorescent antibody testing and sperm
      agglutination testing. Measurable antibody responses were observed.

PMID- 6370056
TI  - Effect of ammonia on the quantitative clearance of Escherichia coli from lungs,
      air sacs, and livers of turkeys aerosol vaccinated against Escherichia coli.
AB  - Turkeys were given an aerosol vaccine to determine their ability to clear a
      virulent inhaled pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli, while they were being
      maintained in the presence of atmospheric NH3. Turkeys were exposed to 2
      concentrations of NH3 (10 and 40 microliters/L of air). More E coli was found in
      lungs, air sacs, and livers of turkeys exposed to NH3. Turkeys not exposed to NH3
      had better clearance of E coli. Vaccination against E coli improved the rate of
      clearance of E coli in birds not exposed to NH3.

PMID- 6370057
TI  - Development and characterization of a hybridoma-derived antibody (Aby 1A1) with
      specificity to canine thymocytes and peripheral T lymphocytes.
AB  - A hybridoma (1A1)-producing antibody with reactivity to canine T-lymphocyte
      surface antigens was produced, using standard fusion techniques. Antibody
      secreted from this hybridoma was tested for specific anti-canine lymphocyte
      activity, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, an indirect-fluorescent
      antibody assay, and cytotoxicity assay. Antibody 1A1 reacted with canine T
      lymphocytes, but not with B lymphocytes, and with brain tissue and connective
      tissue. The antibody was also characterized. Its heavy chain had a molecular
      weight (mol wt) of 80,000 and its light chain was 28,000 mol wt. The Aby 1A1 is a
      monoclonal immunoglobulin M with a kappa light chain, and it binds poorly to
      Staphylococcus A.

PMID- 6370058
TI  - Development and characterization of a monoclonal antibody (Aby 6C6) that
      distinguishes medullary from cortical thymocytes.
AB  - A hybridoma (6C6) producing antibodies with specificities to canine thymocyte
      surface antigens was produced using standard fusion techniques. The Aby 6C6 has
      affinity for medullary thymocytes, bone marrow cells, T- and B-peripheral
      lymphocytes, and monocytes. The Aby 6C6 appears to have 2 heavy chains with
      different molecular weights, an isoelectric focusing pattern consistent with
      monoclonality, and is an immunoglobulin G2b antibody with a kappa light chain.

PMID- 6370059
TI  - Role of prostaglandins in pathogenesis of bovine mastitis induced by Escherichia
      coli endotoxin.
AB  - Four doses (5 to 100 micrograms, 1 dose/quarter) of Escherichia coli endotoxin
      were introduced into lactating mammary glands of 2 cows. There was no effect on
      milk prostaglandin (PG) E2 concentration, except that the concentration was
      increased from 200 pg/ml of milk to 1,060 pg/ml at post-treatment hour (PTH) 8 in
      cow 1 and from 75 to 420 pg/ml at PTH 4 in cow 2 after the highest dose 100
      micrograms. Endotoxin caused a dose-dependent increase in milk PGF2 alpha
      concentrations in both cows. After the highest dose, PGF2 alpha was maximally
      increased from 200 to 3,500 pg/ml at PTH 4 in cow 1 and from 250 to 2,000 pg/ml
      in cow 2 at PTH 8. The instillation of 50 micrograms of endotoxin in all 8
      quarters of 2 more lactating cows caused no significant (P greater than 0.05)
      changes in milk PGE2 and thromboxane B2 concentrations, whereas milk PGF2 alpha
      was significantly increased from the base-line value of 642 to 2,683, 1,189, and
      2,281 pg/ml at PTH 4, 8, and 12, respectively. The 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was also
      significantly increased from the base-line value of 305 to 871, 631, and 600
      pg/ml at the corresponding times, respectively. A marked increase in vascular
      permeability, as judged by high concentrations of serum albumin in the whey, was
      observed as early as PTH 4 and peaked at PTH 12 followed by a gradual decline,
      although it remained significantly increased over the control for 48 hours after
      treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6370060
TI  - Six-months isoniazid-rifampin therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis. Report of a
      United States Public Health Service Cooperative Trial.
AB  - In a multicenter trial of 2 regimens for treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, all
      patients received 300 mg of isoniazid (INH) and 600 mg of rifampin (RIF) daily
      for 6 months (the Initial Phase). During the next 9 months (the Maintenance
      Phase) patients received either daily INH (300 mg) and ethambutol (EMB) (15 mg
      per kg body weight) or matching placebos. Of the 672 patients who met the
      admission criteria, only 309 (46%) completed the Initial and Maintenance Phases.
      Approximately 20% of the patients failed to keep their appointments. Adverse drug
      reaction, most commonly hepatotoxicity, accounted for the withdrawal of 37
      patients (5.5%). No visual toxicity caused by EMB was observed. During the
      Maintenance Phase, 3 patients who were taking INH and EMB, and 16 who were taking
      placebos, developed relapses, i.e., 2 or more positive cultures. The significant
      difference in relapse rate between regimens (Fisher's exact test, p less than
      0.001) demonstrates the inadequacy of INH-RIF given alone for only 6 months.

PMID- 6370061
TI  - Rapidly progressive air-flow obstruction in marrow transplant recipients.
      Possible association between obliterative bronchiolitis and chronic graft-versus
      host disease.
AB  - Severe obstructive airways disease developed in 4 young nonsmoking adults after
      marrow transplantation. They were free of respiratory disease until symptoms
      developed 277 to 600 days after transplant. Pulmonary function testing showed
      that the mean forced expiratory volume in one second was 35% of predicted (range,
      23 to 49%). All patients had active or inactive extensive chronic graft-versus
      host disease that included oral mucositis, esophagitis, sinusitis, and oral and
      ocular sicca. Three patients had subnormal serum IgA levels. Bronchitis was
      apparent during fiberoptic bronchoscopy in 3 patients. An open-lung biopsy
      specimen from 1 patient showed obliterative bronchiolitis. Treatment has included
      bronchodilators and corticosteroids without objective benefit. The disorder
      stabilized in all 4 patients, but a severe reduction in air flow persisted.
      Awareness of this complication may lead to earlier diagnosis and more effective
      treatment.

PMID- 6370062
TI  - Life Saver: a complete team approach incorporated into a hospital-based program.
AB  - Both military and civilian settings have shown that a team approach through an
      excellent prehospital Emergency Medical Services system, an organized regional
      communication system, access to rapid air evacuation with a "complete" medical
      team on board, and dedicated trauma resources allows a critically ill or injured
      patient optimal chances for survival. The Life Saver airborne emergency service,
      operated by Carraway Methodist Medical Center in Birmingham, Alabama, is a
      "complete team" concept with a well trained emergency physician and a critical
      care flight nurse aboard every flight. The physician upgrades the level of care
      at the scene of an accident, lessens the referring physician's anxiety, maintains
      an intensive care unit environment during transport and intervenes if a life
      threatening emergency occurs, which cannot be predicted prior to lift-off. This
      report describes the development, operations, and results in the aeromedical
      transport of 1047 patients from January 2, 1981 to December 31, 1982. Trauma
      transports accounted for 47.5%, nonsurgical problems 47.8% and nontraumatic
      surgical patients representing the remaining 4.7%. The in-flight mortality was
      0%. This type service is not appropriate for all hospitals to provide, but should
      be considered by major trauma and cardiac referral centers.

PMID- 6370063
TI  - Lymphocytopenia in the surgical intensive care unit patient.
AB  - Total lymphocyte counts were monitored in 328 consecutive adult patients in the
      intensive care unit of a large community hospital. Lymphocytopenia was common
      with a severe reduction in circulating lymphocytes (less than 900/mm3) present in
      37% of the patients and moderate reduction (900-1500/mm3) in 38% of the patients.
      Mortality was 30% and 13% in these two groups, respectively. Patients undergoing
      high-risk elective surgery frequently had moderate lymphocytopenia even when
      corticosteroids were not administered. Patients having two or more clinically
      evident infections with severe lymphocytopenia had a 59% mortality rate. Among
      patients who did not manifest any clinically detectable infection, mortality
      associated with those having severe lymphocyte reduction was significantly
      greater than those with normal lymphocyte counts or moderate depletion.

PMID- 6370064
TI  - [Acquired aplastic anemia in children. Therapy using androgens and antilymphocyte
      gamma globulin].
AB  - Authors describe initial characteristics, clinical course and response to
      treatment of 13 children, aged from eight months to nine years, with acquired
      aplastic anaemia. Six of the children had been exposed to products with potential
      bone-marrow toxicity: chloranphenicol (1), pirazolones (3) and insecticides (2).
      Pancytopenia was severe in twelve and moderate in one. Five patients with severe
      aplastic anaemia were given antilymphocytic (2) or antithymocytic (3) (ATG)
      gammaglobulins; two of those treated with ATG responded after two and five months
      respectively and there was no response in the other three. Twelve patients were
      given androgen treatment (oxymetholone or nandrolone decanoate): four, two of
      whom previously had received ATG, followed a favorable course. None of the severe
      initial pancytopenic patients responded to androgen single agent treatment. No
      marrow transplant was performed in any of the children. Eight of the thirteen
      patients died one to 37 months after onset (median, 6 months) and five (38%) are
      alive after 21 months to 10 years, corresponding to two patients with moderate
      and three with severe initial pancytopenia. Importance of an appropriate
      supportive treatment during initial stages of the disease and the probable
      efficacy or immunosupressive treatment in certain patients must be underlined.

PMID- 6370065
TI  - Prolonged initial remission in patients with nodular mixed lymphoma.
AB  - Seventy-nine patients with nodular mixed lymphoma were treated at the National
      Cancer Institute between 1966 and 1978. Fifteen patients had stage I or II
      disease, and 64, stage III or IV disease. The overall complete response rate for
      the patients that received various primary treatment regimens was 76%, with 52%
      of complete responders remaining in their first remission at a median follow-up
      of 7 years. Median survival of complete responders is projected to be more than
      13 years. Median survival of patients who do not achieve complete remission is
      less than 2 years. Patients with B symptoms, bone marrow involvement, or a
      lactate dehydrogenase level greater than 250 U/mL had significantly shorter
      survivals than did patients without these features. Patients with advanced-stage
      (III and IV) nodular mixed lymphoma had a 72% complete response rate, with the
      average remission lasting more than 6 years. Although relapses have been seen up
      to 8 years after diagnosis in patients with nodular mixed lymphoma given C-MOPP
      chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone), prolonged
      initial remissions can be achieved with this therapy.

PMID- 6370066
TI  - Allogeneic marrow transplantation in the treatment of preleukemia.
AB  - Ten patients with preleukemia and life-threatening pancytopenia were treated with
      marrow transplantation. In all ten cases allogeneic marrow was successfully
      engrafted. In three patients prepared for transplantation with cyclophosphamide
      alone, the abnormal cell clone either persisted or reemerged within 6 months of
      transplantation. The other seven patients were treated with cyclophosphamide plus
      total body irradiation before transplantation and six of the seven are alive and
      well without evidence of disease from 7 to 25 months after transplantation. These
      results suggest that cyclophosphamide alone before marrow transplantation is
      incapable of eradicating the abnormal clone. Cyclophosphamide combined with total
      body irradiation appears more effective, although more time is needed for full
      evaluation of results. This experience also emphasizes the importance of
      performing chromosome studies before transplantation for pancytopenic states in
      order to identify cases of preleukemia.

PMID- 6370067
TI  - Drugs five years later. Cisplatin.
AB  - Cisplatin is a metal coordination compound that was approved for clinical use in
      treating testicular cancer 5 years ago. Although early trials showed marked
      gastrointestinal and renal toxicities, treatment-related morbidity has been
      significantly alleviated with modern antiemetic therapy and adequate pretreatment
      hydration. More recent clinical studies of cisplatin have shown a broad range of
      activity and provide a better understanding of the drug's pharmacology, mechanism
      of action, and toxicity. Variations in the dosage and mode of administration as
      well as development of cisplatin analogues are being currently studied.

PMID- 6370069
TI  - Microcomputer simulation for interviewing.

PMID- 6370068
TI  - NIH conference. Systemic lupus erythematosus: insights from animal models.
AB  - Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multisystem, antibody-mediated, autoimmune
      disorder that occurs spontaneously in humans and mice. Genetic factors appear to
      play an important predisposing role in the disorder: The presence of certain
      genes may produce a generalized immune abnormality, whereas others may lead to
      specific autoantibodies. Environmental triggers increase autoantibody production
      and augment the expression of illness. Bacterial and viral illnesses can provide
      stimulation by activating macrophages and T cells that, in turn, stimulate B
      cells. In the absence of normal control mechanisms, the stimulatory process is
      not suppressed, and excessive stem cell proliferation results in abnormal B-cell
      proliferation. A trigger for the disease is the signaling of the proliferating B
      cells to differentiate into antibody-forming cells. Most autoantibody-producing B
      cells can be eliminated from mice with lupus erythematosus by virtue of the
      presence of the gene, xid. In addition, administration of an analog of
      arachidonic acid is an effective treatment for murine lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 6370070
TI  - Aetiology of citrus greening disease.
AB  - Greening disease of citrus is characterized by the presence of procaryotic
      organisms in the sieve tubes of infected plants. These procaryotes have often
      been called mycoplasma-like. We have previously shown that the envelope of the
      organism was composed of two membranes, each with a triple-layered structure: an
      inner membrane (cytoplasmic membrane) and an outer membrane. Penicillin treatment
      of greening-affected plants results in remission of symptoms, suggesting the
      presence of a peptidoglycan (PG) layer in the envelope of the organism. However,
      when observed by conventional electron microscopy, no PG layer could be detected
      in the envelope of the greening organism (GO). Recently, we were able to transmit
      the GO from citrus to periwinkles by dodder. In periwinkles, GO multiply to high
      titres and, therefore, characterization studies can be carried out directly on
      the organisms in situ. Using papain treatment of GO in greening-infected
      periwinkles, we were able to visualize a PG-like layer in the envelope of the GO.
      This layer was removed by lysozyme treatment. In these respects, the structure of
      the GO envelope was nearly identical to that of E. coli, a Gram-negative
      bacterium, but was different from that of Staphylococcus aureus (a Gram-positive
      bacterium) treated in the same way. From the presence of a membranous PG
      containing cell wall, the GO appears to be a true bacterium of the Gram-negative
      type, and not a mycoplasma.

PMID- 6370071
TI  - Cross-reactivity of anti-idiotypic antibodies as a tool to study
      nonimmunoglobulin proteins.

PMID- 6370072
TI  - Tuftsin, a natural activator of phagocyte cells: an overview.
AB  - The recognition that a small oligopeptide was responsible for the full
      stimulation effect of specific cytophilic gamma-globulin on blood neutrophils
      arose from a study of the kinetics of phagocytosis. These were unusual in that
      the stimulation was short lived and that preincubation of the phagocyte with the
      gamma-globulin rendered the latter inactive. The oligopeptide was isolated, its
      structure determined (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg) and synthesized. The discovery of human
      mutants with tuftsin deficiency exhibiting signs and symptoms of frequent severe
      infection further emphasized the specific biological function of the
      tetrapeptide. The mutant peptide was isolated, sequenced (Thr-Glu-Pro-Arg), and
      synthesized. Further studies showed that tuftsin requires two enzymes for its
      liberation from the parent carrier gamma-globulin. One enzyme is in the spleen
      that cleaves distal to the arginine end, and the other, on the outer side of the
      plasma membrane, cleaves proximal to the threonine residue. The tetrapeptide
      tuftsin stimulates all functions of phagocytic cells: phagocytosis, pinocytosis,
      motility, immunogenic activity including processing of the antigen and
      augmentation of the number of antibody-forming cells, bactericidal activity, and,
      above all, tumoricidal activity. The latter has been shown by several
      laboratories.

PMID- 6370073
TI  - Toxicology and antitumor activity of tuftsin.

PMID- 6370074
TI  - Pathogenesis of experimentally produced corneal ulcers in rabbits.
AB  - Intracorneal injection of Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus fumigatus, both
      separately and together, produced corneal ulcer in rabbits without pretreatment
      of the eyes with steroids or antibiotics. Staphylococcus alone produced self
      limiting ulcers. Aspergillus alone produced severe deep ulcers ending in
      perforations. Bacterial infection followed by introduction of fungus produced
      less severe ulcers than did fungus alone. Established fungal infection followed
      by super-imposed bacterial infection was the most severe of all. The organisms
      were demonstrable both in direct smear and by culture. Histopathology showed
      cellular infiltration by polymorphs and lymphocytes with the organisms in the
      corneal tissue. The pH of the eyes during the active ulcerative period remained
      acidic.

PMID- 6370075
TI  - [Andre Moulonguet (1887-1983)].

PMID- 6370076
TI  - Bactericidal activity of wet cerumen.
AB  - The viable populations of seven species of bacteria were reduced 17% to 99% by
      treatment with a 3% suspension of human cerumen of the soft or "wet" type.
      Species tested for susceptibility to cerumen were Staphylococcus aureus,
      Staphlylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Propionibacterium acnes,
      Corynebacterium spp, Escherichia coli, and Serratia marcescens. The reduction
      depended upon the species of bacterium and the age of the culture. Pathogenic
      species appeared to be more susceptible than others, while cultures in
      logarithmic growth were more susceptible than stationary phase cultures to the
      bactericidal activity of wet cerumen. There appeared to be little difference in
      the bactericidal activity between the two lots of cerumen used. The bactericidal
      activity of wet cerumen was found to be quite similar to that of dry cerumen as
      reported earlier in the literature.

PMID- 6370077
TI  - The neural basis of language.

PMID- 6370078
TI  - The accessory optic system.

PMID- 6370079
TI  - Proteolysis in neuropeptide processing and other neural functions.

PMID- 6370080
TI  - Intracerebral neural implants: neuronal replacement and reconstruction of damaged
      circuitries.

PMID- 6370081
TI  - The analysis of stereopsis.

PMID- 6370082
TI  - Gonadal steroid induction of structural sex differences in the central nervous
      system.

PMID- 6370083
TI  - Central neural integration for the control of autonomic responses associated with
      emotion.

PMID- 6370084
TI  - Development of the superior colliculus.

PMID- 6370085
TI  - [Esthetic lifting of skin grafts].

PMID- 6370086
TI  - [Verica B...'s esophagoplasties : 2 pieces of colon and the skin].

PMID- 6370087
TI  - Glycosylated haemoglobins: biochemical evaluation and clinical utility.
AB  - A review is given of the biochemical background of the glycosylated haemoglobins,
      their methods of determination, and their clinical significance. Special
      attention is paid to the sample preparation. For all methods except the
      colorimetric TBA-method, the removal of the labile pre-HbA1c fraction is
      essential. Under proper conditions, high-performance liquid chromatography, agar
      gel electrophoresis and affinity chromatography are suitable methods for use in
      the clinical laboratory for the estimation of HbA1c and HbA1. However, the
      colorimetric TBA-method must be considered to be the method of choice. The
      clinical utility of the test is stressed with special respect to the management
      of diabetic pregnancies, the control of home-monitoring of blood glucose, and the
      objective measurement of the effect of changing diabetic therapy.

PMID- 6370088
TI  - Homogeneous fluoroimmunoassay using Lucifer yellow VS: determination of albumin
      plasma.
AB  - Non-separation fluoroimmunoassays are well suited to automation. The potential
      sensitivity of such assays has not been realised because the most commonly used
      label (fluorescein) has absorption and emission spectra which coincide with those
      of blood constituents and because it has a very small Stokes shift. Lucifer
      yellow VS has a larger Stokes shift than fluorescein and an emission maximum at
      longer wavelength. We describe an energy transfer fluoroimmunoassay for plasma
      albumin in which Lucifer yellow VS is used to label albumin and rhodamine B
      isothiocyanate is used to label anti-albumin antibodies. The assay shows good
      correlation with a dye-binding method for albumin and has sensitivity and
      precision which compare favourably with similar assays using a fluorescein label.

PMID- 6370089
TI  - New ways with old ions.

PMID- 6370090
TI  - Ultrastructure of the liver and biliary tract in health and disease.
AB  - Ultrastructural studies with the transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron
      microscopes have added greatly to our knowledge of cellular structure and
      function in the liver. The normal polyhedral hepatocyte has numerous subcellular
      organelles, such as mitochondria, peroxisomes, lysosomes and complex rough (rer)
      and smooth (ser) endoplasmic reticulum. The normal hepatocyte stores glycogen,
      and sometimes lipid droplets, and secretes bile through the bile canaliculi
      between adjacent liver cells. It receives nutrients from the sinusoidal lumen
      across a fenestrated endothelium which is separated by the Space of Disse' from
      the plasma membrane. The Space of Disse' contains a scant network of reticulin
      fibers but no basal lamina. Two types of parasinusoidal cells are found in
      Disse's space: the fat storing cells of Ito, and the Pit cells which may have an
      endocrine function. The diseased liver has yielded much information in studies
      with TEM and SEM. The studies with TEM have been most helpful in studying the
      etiology of infectious diseases such as hepatitis B; have revealed organelle
      changes such as megamitochondria in cirrhosis and the fibrillar nature of
      alcoholic hyaline; have led to the identification of specific deposits in
      metabolic and storage diseases such as hemochromatosis (iron). Wilson's disease
      (copper), and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (glycoprotein) have proven useful in
      identifying drug induced liver cell changes such as proliferation of SER and
      cholestasis, and are useful for identifying specific cell types in inflammatory
      and neoplastic diseases. In the future, both TEM and SEM coupled with
      histochemical, cytochemical, immunohistochemical and other analytic techniques
      will continue to add greatly to our understanding of the liver in health and
      disease.

PMID- 6370091
TI  - Confirmation of the regional localization of the genes for human acid alpha
      glucosidase (GAA) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) by somatic cell hybridization.
AB  - We have confirmed the localization of human acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) to 17q21
      ---q25 and of adenosine deaminase (ADA) to 20q13----20qter by examination of
      hybrid clones derived from a fusion between a human cell line carrying a 17/20
      balanced translocation (17pter----17q25::20q13----20qter;20pter-- --20q13::17q25-
      --17qter) and a mouse line deficient in thymidine kinase. These hybrids were
      constantly maintained in HAT selective media in order to select for the presence
      of the human thymidine kinase gene on the intact chromosome 17 (17q21----22) or
      the 17/20 (17pter----17q25::20q13----20qter) translocation chromosome. We
      detected human GAA by rocket immunoelectrophoresis, using a heterologous antibody
      raised against human acid alpha-glucosidase. A clone which contained the 17/20
      translocation and no intact chromosome 17 was still positive for GAA. This
      finding confirms the exclusion of GAA from 17q25----17qter reported by Nickel et
      al. (1982). Combined with earlier results (Weil et al. 1979), GAA can be assigned
      to 17q21----17q25. A clone which contained only the 17/20 translocation
      chromosome and no intact chromosome 20 contained ADA. This confirms the previous
      localization of ADA to 20q13.2----qter by gene dosage studies (Philip et al.
      1980).

PMID- 6370092
TI  - BCG-induced anaemia in mice: no direct effect of the growth of bacilli.
AB  - Mice receiving viable BCG intravenously (i. v.) rapidly and transiently develop
      anaemia, the origin of which is a decrease in erythropoietic progenitor cells.
      BCG-induced anaemia appears to be related to conditions which allow the
      development of a protective immune response against BCG infection. An increased
      number of blood phagocytes is strictly associated with the development of the
      anaemia and is dependent on the presence of T lymphocytes. Anaemia does not occur
      in some strains of mice: C3H/He Past strain was chosen as a typical non
      responding strain and the opposite C57BL/6 strain as a responding one.
      Enumerations of BCG particles were performed in haemopoietic tissues, spleen and
      bone marrow of mice of the two strains in order to appreciate an eventual direct
      effect of bacilli growth on erythropoiesis. We never observed the particular
      growth of bacilli in mice which developed anaemia. On the contrary, the number of
      BCG viable units decreased progressively in responding strain C57BL/6 when
      numerations were performed after the 2nd month of the infection. This ability of
      C57BL/6 mice to control the infection contrasted with a relapse of bacilli growth
      in C3H.

PMID- 6370093
TI  - Time course and histological differences between sheep red blood cells and
      tuberculin DTH reactions in mice.
AB  - Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions induced with sheep red blood cells
      (1 X 10(8) SRBC/mouse) or with attenuated viable Mycobacterium bovis (4 X 10(6)
      BCG/mouse) inoculated subcutaneously and elicited, respectively, with SRBC or
      protein-purified derivative (PPD), were studied regularly in separate groups of
      outbred mice and compared during a period of one year following immunization. The
      present report shows the existence of two distinct types of DTH reactions. The
      SRBC type consists of a reaction which peaks consistently at 18 h, reaches a
      maximum 4 days after immunization, and decreases progressively until the fourth
      month. This local reaction, mediated by specific committed T cells as
      demonstrated by adoptive transfer experiments, was shown to consist mainly of a
      polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration. The PPD type consists of a local
      reaction which presents a different time course, the peak shifting from 18 to 42
      h during the first two months after immunization, and which persists unchanged
      over a year after immunization. This second type of DTH reaction consisted of an
      early phase of polymorphonuclear infiltration followed by an increased number of
      mononuclear cells. Evidence is also given that the differences in the expression
      of these two types of DTH reactions depended neither upon the physical
      characteristics of the two antigens used for elicitation nor upon the nonspecific
      environmental modulating activity of BCG, since soluble SRBC protein and heat
      killed BCG cells elicited the same distinct types, and the two distinct DTH
      reaction types could be elicited in mice immunized with both BCG and SRBC.

PMID- 6370094
TI  - Lipoprotein-induced inhibition of plaque-forming cell generation and natural
      killer cell frequency in aged donors.
AB  - The in vitro effects of human high-density, low-density and very-low-density
      lipoproteins on plaque-forming cell generation and natural killer cytotoxicity
      were evaluated in 40 aged donors. Lipoprotein pretreatment led to a significant
      inhibition in plaque-forming cell capacity displayed by either peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells or purified lymphocytes. As far as natural killer cytotoxicity
      is concerned, such pretreatment decreased the number of natural killer cells
      bound to targets, while the lytic efficiency was unaffected in both 51Cr-release
      and agarose-single-cell cytotoxic assays. These data suggest a role for
      lipoproteins in the impairment of cell-mediated immunity in elderly individuals.

PMID- 6370096
TI  - An easy method for instant preparation of chromosome slides from solid tumors.
AB  - Chinese hamster cells and PHA-stimulated human lymphocytes cultured in vitro at 4
      degrees C, are able to transverse G2 but unable to enter mitosis. Based on this
      observation a simple method for instant preparation of metaphase slides from
      solid tumors is presented. The method ensures good spreading of chromosomes
      within metaphases, high frequency of metaphases suitable for counting and
      karyotyping, and a high success-rate in several systems tested.

PMID- 6370095
TI  - [Assay of rabbit anti-thermolabile enterotoxin antibodies from Escherichia coli
      by an immunoenzyme technic].
AB  - The titration of rabbit anti-Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin antibodies
      by an immunosorbent assay (ELISA) generally uses a GM1 coating step to lend
      specificity to the ELISA reaction at a time when the method is tempered by a lack
      of purified E. coli toxin. We have developed an adsorption method of the toxin to
      the polystyrene in order to simplify the technique. Three different immunosorbent
      preparations were tested to determine which of them yielded the most sensitive
      results.

PMID- 6370097
TI  - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a case of 16 years' duration.
AB  - A 46-year-old man with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease confirmed postmortem had a 16
      year course of very slowly progressing incoordination and mental deterioration,
      suggesting Alzheimer's disease. The disease course transformed abruptly into a 7
      week terminal phase of florid Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Dementing illnesses of
      unknown cause were present in the patient's paternal lineage.

PMID- 6370098
TI  - Diabetic neuropathy.
AB  - Peripheral nerve disorders are important late complications of diabetes mellitus.
      Polyneuropathy, which may involve varying proportions of sensory, motor, and
      autonomic fibers, is considered the consequence of metabolic derangements that
      result from chronic hyperglycemia. Symmetrical proximal motor neuropathy
      ("diabetic amyotrophy") also may have a metabolic basis. Mononeuropathies in
      diabetes may have an ischemic or compressive cause. Advances have been made in
      understanding the biochemical basis for diabetic polyneuropathy. The treatment of
      symptomatic diabetic neuropathy should be directed toward long-term normalization
      of blood glucose until more specific therapies become available.

PMID- 6370099
TI  - [Voice and communication of affects].

PMID- 6370100
TI  - A life with several facets.

PMID- 6370101
TI  - Androgen and antiandrogen receptor binding.
AB  - Recent studies have demonstrated that androgenic stimulation of early and late
      responding genes depends on the nuclear uptake of the receptor-steroid complex.
      The longer the complex is retained in the nucleus, the shorter the lag period and
      the greater the magnitude of the response. Most antiandrogens or their
      metabolites bind to the cytosolic androgen receptor, but the relative receptor
      binding affinities do not strictly relate to their biological activities, since
      the former assay does not differentiate antagonists from weak agonists.
      Alternatively, androgen antagonists are believed to abrogate the action of
      androgenic steroids by interfering with the receptor function. However, the exact
      mechanisms by which antiandrogens bring about their actions remain to be
      established.

PMID- 6370102
TI  - Modification of reflex regulation of blood pressure by behavior.

PMID- 6370103
TI  - Interactions of stress, salt, and blood pressure.

PMID- 6370104
TI  - Cardiovascular response to stress in man.

PMID- 6370105
TI  - Classical conditioning of cardiovascular responses.

PMID- 6370106
TI  - Ontogeny of auditory system function.

PMID- 6370107
TI  - Cochlear mechanics.

PMID- 6370108
TI  - Relation of receptor potentials of cochlear hair cells to spike discharges of
      cochlear neurons.

PMID- 6370109
TI  - Neural coding of complex sounds: speech.
AB  - The studies that we have reviewed here demonstrate that a temporal-place code can
      represent fine details in the spectra of vowels and stop-consonants. These
      features include formant frequencies, formant-frequency transitions, and pitch.
      On the other hand, such a phase locking-based representation may have difficulty
      with certain fricative consonants. Detailed format structure of vowels is present
      in a rate-place code at moderate stimulus levels, but is maintained at high
      levels only in the small population of low-spontaneous-rate fibers. A rate-place
      code preserves the formant structure at high stimulus levels better for stop
      consonants than for vowels. Formant structure of some fricatives may be
      represented in a place-rate code in cases where a temporal-place code fails.
      Voice pitch is well preserved in a temporal code but not in a rate-place code.
      From this summary we must consider the possibility that the central nervous
      system utilizes both rate-place and temporal-place information in processing all
      of the relevant features of speech. This review points out a number of issues
      that currently confronts us in the coding of complex stimuli. We conclude by
      briefly summarizing these issues. First, we must attempt to clarify the role of
      the low-spontaneous-rate, high-threshold fibers in the representation of speech
      at high-stimulus levels. A second major question that must be addressed is the
      role of the cochlear efferents in the peripheral encoding of speech, especially
      in the presence of background noise. Closely related to the role of the efferents
      may be the role of the middle ear muscles. Finally, if we are to seriously
      consider a temporal-based code for speech, we must develop quantitative
      hypotheses about how spectral information might be extracted from temporal
      patterns in the central nervous system with real neural "hardware."

PMID- 6370110
TI  - Neural mechanisms for sound localization.
AB  - Although the efforts to find a place map of sound direction within the auditory
      system of mammals has been reinspired by the recent discoveries in owl, progress
      to date has not been encouraging. Neither the inferior colliculus nor auditory
      cortex has yielded immediate evidence of such a map, despite ingenious and
      persistent efforts to find it. Thus, at present, the evidence suggests that a
      head-referenced map of auditory space is more likely to be found in structures
      more motor than sensory in function--in the deep layers of the superior
      colliculus or brainstem tegmentum, for example. Insofar as these structures have
      been implicated in eye, ear, and head orientation toward a sound source, one
      might expect that premotor units for orienting would be sensitive to sound
      direction and thus, collectively, constitute a map of auditory azimuth isomorphic
      to the map of motor azimuth. However, even for these structures, the possibility
      for significant variation among mammalian species exists. Because many candidate
      motor structures (such as the deep superior colliculus) receive input from the
      cerebral cortex, and because the role of auditory cortex in sound localization
      seems to vary widely among mammals (38, 51) an equal amount of variation in
      auditory-motor maps may also exist.

PMID- 6370111
TI  - Interaction of signals influencing renin release.

PMID- 6370112
TI  - Renal arachidonic acid metabolism.

PMID- 6370113
TI  - The mammalian gastric parietal cell in vitro.
AB  - To summarize the metabolic status of the parietal cell: There does not seem to be
      a close relationship between cellular ATP levels and acid secretion. Acid
      secretion is absolutely dependent on oxygen, and oxygen consumption will increase
      in direct proportion to the rate of acid secretion. However, the absolute rate of
      respiration is not closely related to the formation of acid in the subtissue
      systems. Acid formation can be driven directly by addition of ATP in
      permeabilized glands, even under apparent anoxic conditions. This correlates well
      with the presence of the gastric (H+, K+)-ATPase in the parietal cell. If ATP is
      the main source of energy for the acid secretion, it is quite possible that the
      relevant ATP pool is compartmentalized and that the content in this pool has a
      high turnover rate, whereas the ATP used for other cellular functions would be
      spared. A pure redox mechanism in the gastric mucosa is not possible. However, it
      remains to be shown that a redox component is not involved in the secretory
      process. The acid formation measured by AP accumulation in the gastric glands is
      not an indication of secretory rate. Thus even though ATP appears to restore acid
      formation in permeabilized glands, this effect has been mainly studied in
      nonstimulated systems. A detailed study over the energy requirement in the
      permeabilized resting cell remains to be done. In the mammals we only have
      information so far about the piglet and the rabbit in terms of substrate
      preference. The differences between the two could either be due to species or age
      difference. In both mammals and amphibia, there is no evidence to suggest that
      acid secretion results in an increase in oxygen consumption purely due to a state
      IV to III transition of mitochondrial respiration. Rather, increased Krebs-cycle
      activity would appear to be the major metabolic result of stimulation.

PMID- 6370114
TI  - Primary hepatocytes in monolayer culture: a model for studies on lipoprotein
      metabolism.
AB  - Primary hepatocyte cultures are ideal models in which to investigate regulation
      of lipoprotein synthesis and catabolism by the liver. Not only can one regulate
      the physiological and nutritional state of the donor animal, but one can also
      manipulate the culture milieu. A possible problem that arises in prolonged
      incubations is the accumulation of metabolites in the culture media, which may
      alter the function of the cells. Studies using more novel culturing techniques
      such as "perifusion" may resolve this technical problem. This review indicates
      that caution must be used in analyzing data based on studies employing
      heterologous sera; additionally, closer attention should be given to the role of
      lipoprotein subfractions in regulating lipoprotein metabolism. It is now known
      that lipoprotein classes are heterogeneous with respect to metabolic origin and
      lipid and apolipoprotein content, hence they may have diverse physiological roles
      in hepatic lipid metabolism.

PMID- 6370115
TI  - Intestinal transport of amino acids and sugars: advances using membrane vesicles.
AB  - Glucose crosses the intestinal brush border via one diffusive and two saturable
      systems. Under zero-trans conditions, the major saturable system has the
      characteristics of an Iso Ordered Bireactant system with one Na binding and,
      additionally, shows the properties of trans inhibition by Na and sensitivity to
      Em. An additional high-affinity saturable system exists with a Kt in the
      micromolar range and has the capacity for binding multiple Na+ ions. Biochemical
      and transport studies indicate that the brush-border Na-glucose cotransporter may
      be asymmetric with respect to the inner and outer membrane face. The Na
      independent glucose carrier found in enterocyte basolateral membranes strongly
      resembles the facilitated glucose carrier found in other membranes.

PMID- 6370116
TI  - Relaxin.
AB  - The past decade has seen major advances in understanding the chemistry of
      relaxin. Sensitive radioimmunoassays have allowed description of the secretion
      patterns of relaxin in several species. It is likely that technical advances in
      the near future will provide significant quantities of human relaxin as well as
      monoclonal antibodies to various relaxins. These tools should clarify the
      physiological roles of relaxin, elucidate its mechanisms of action, and enable
      testing of human relaxin as a potentially useful pharmacological agent.

PMID- 6370117
TI  - A cellular model for active sodium absorption by mammalian colon.

PMID- 6370118
TI  - Magnetic field sensitivity in animals.

PMID- 6370119
TI  - Physiological mechanisms for spatial filtering and image enhancement in the sonar
      of bats.

PMID- 6370120
TI  - Fetal and postnatal development of the lung.
AB  - The life of a human lung can be subdivided into five distinct phases: embryonic,
      pseudoglandular, canalicular, saccular, and alveolar. The embryonic period,
      during which the lung primordium is laid down as a diverticulum of the foregut,
      lasts for about seven weeks. From the 5th to the 17th week the lung looks much
      like a tubulo-acinar gland, with epithelial tubes sprouting and branching into
      the surrounding mesenchyme. In the last week of this pseudoglandular stage the
      prospective conductive airways have been formed, and the acinar limits can be
      recognized. The events of the subsequent canalicular phase (17th-26th week) can
      be summarized as the widening of the peripheral tubules, the differentiation of
      the cuboidal epithelium into type I and type II cells, the formation of the first
      thin air-blood barriers, and the start of surfactant production. During the
      saccular stage, which follows and lasts until birth, the growth of the pulmonary
      parenchyma, the thinning of the connective tissue between the airspaces, and the
      further maturation of the surfactant system are the most important steps towards
      life. At birth, although already functional, the lung is structurally still in an
      immature condition, because alveoli, the gas exchange units of the adult lung,
      are practically missing. The airspaces present are smooth-walled transitory ducts
      and saccules with primitive type septa that are thick and contain a double
      capillary network. During the first 1-3 years of postnatal life, alveoli are
      formed through a septation process that greatly increases the gas exchange
      surface area. The primitive septa with their capillaries undergo a complete
      remodeling, gaining the mature slender morphology found in the adult lung.

PMID- 6370121
TI  - Function of the larynx in the fetus and newborn.
AB  - The muscles of the larynx function as a part of the respiratory system before
      birth, and like other respiratory muscles, have experienced considerable use by
      the moment of birth. In late fetal life the larynx appears to influence the
      outward flow of pulmonary liquid and thus may play a role in lung development.
      Immediately after birth and in cases of neonatal lung disease, elevated pressures
      within the airways during expiration, probably a result of laryngeal adduction,
      are involved in the maintenance of FRC. This mechanism is also present, to a
      lesser degree, in normal ovine (and probably human) neonates during quiet sleep.
      Whether it exists in other species remains to be established. Expiratory
      resistance of the larynx is under vagal control, and pulmonary stretch receptors
      are the likely sensors. Species differences apparently exist in the means by
      which expiratory airflow is retarded. These may be due in part, however, to the
      widespread use of anesthetic agents that selectively depress the activity of
      laryngeal adductor muscles. There is clearly a need for wider use of techniques
      involving chronic instrumentation, particularly in the neonatal period. Because
      the upper airway is involved in the regulation of tidal airflow, it also seems
      vital that the airway remains intact wherever possible. In addition to
      controlling airflow, the larynx is an important sensory organ, protecting the
      lower airways from invasion by potentially harmful substances, e.g. during suckle
      feeding and regurgitation. In the neonate, laryngeal stimulation may result in
      prolonged respiratory arrest. Although there is some evidence that longer apnea
      can be elicited in the neonate than in the adult, the use of anesthesia, which
      may more strongly depress respiration in the young, complicates the issue. As
      yet, there are no firm grounds for explaining these findings, at either a
      peripheral or central level. Defensive mechanisms, including arousal, swallowing,
      and circulatory changes to cope with hypoxemia, are well established at birth.
      The healthy neonate would seem well equipped to survive entry of liquids into the
      larynx. However, it is not inconceivable that, under certain circumstances and in
      the absence of anesthesia, substances entering the larynx could trigger prolonged
      apnea or cardiac arrest.

PMID- 6370122
TI  - Effects of molybdate and endogenous inhibitors on steroid-receptor inactivation,
      transformation, and translocation.

PMID- 6370123
TI  - Regulation of breathing in the newborn during different behavioral states.

PMID- 6370124
TI  - Homology among arsenate resistance determinants of R factors in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Escherichia coli bearing R factors R773 or R46 or hybrid recombinant plasmids
      carrying the arsenic resistance determinants derived from these plasmids
      synthesized inducible polypeptides of similar apparent molecular weights when
      exposed to arsenite salts (R773 derivative, 64,000 and 16,000; R46 derivative,
      62,000, 16,500, and 13,500). In addition, both plasmids encoded energy-dependent
      arsenate efflux systems and demonstrated DNA sequence homology by filter blot
      hybridization. Human isolates of arsenate- and arsenite-resistant enterobacteria
      were tested for homology with the arsenate operon of R773 by colony blot
      hybridization. Approximately one-third of the isolates hybridized strongly, and
      two-thirds showed little or no evidence of homology, suggesting the presence of
      two or more genetically distinct arsenate resistant determinants.

PMID- 6370125
TI  - In vitro susceptibility of Nocardia asteroides to 25 antimicrobial agents.
AB  - Fifty-two clinical isolates of Nocardia asteroides were tested by agar dilution
      for their susceptibility to 25 antimicrobial agents. In general, susceptibility
      could not be predicted based on the antibiotic class tested. However, the beta
      lactams, including third-generation cephalosporins, were generally ineffective
      (MIC for 90% of the organisms [MIC90], between 64 and greater than 256
      micrograms/ml), whereas minocycline and doxycycline were generally effective
      (MIC90, 4 and 8 micrograms/ml, respectively). Cycloserine was not effective below
      60 micrograms/ml. The MIC50 and MIC90 of sulfamethoxazole was 16 and 32
      micrograms/ml, respectively, and that of trimethoprim varied widely (16 and
      greater than 256 micrograms/ml, respectively). Based on MIC90 data, only
      doxycycline, minocycline, sulfamethoxazole, and imipenem could be applied
      empirically.

PMID- 6370126
TI  - Increased phagocytosis and killing of Escherichia coli treated with subinhibitory
      concentrations of cefamandole and gentamicin in isolated rat livers.
AB  - Our purpose was to study whether treatment of Escherichia coli with subinhibitory
      concentrations of either cefamandole or gentamicin could change bacterial
      susceptibility to the serum bactericidal effect and to the phagocytic and killing
      activity of the rat liver reticuloendothelial system. Bacteria were grown
      overnight with 1/5 or 1/10 of the MIC of each antibiotic. At one-fifth of the
      MIC, cefamandole induced filamentous elongated bacteria whose viability was
      decreased by 75%. The susceptibility of control and antibiotic-treated bacteria
      to serum was tested by measuring the survival of organisms exposed to different
      concentrations of rat serum in vitro. Susceptibility of bacteria to hepatic
      macrophage activity was tested by following the hepatic clearance of bacteria
      after they were added to the perfusate of the isolated rat liver. E. coli treated
      with subinhibitory concentrations of cefamandole or gentamicin appeared somewhat
      more resistant to the lytic activity of serum at a concentration of 4%, but not
      at 20%. Bacteria treated with 1/5 or 1/10 of the MIC of cefamandole or with 1/5
      of the MIC of gentamicin were significantly more susceptible to phagocytosis and
      to the bactericidal activity of liver macrophages. Cefamandole appeared more
      potent than gentamicin in inducing these effects. The results suggest that
      subinhibitory levels of antibiotics may alter bacterial cell surface
      (cefamandole) or may impair the expression of antiphagocytic material
      (gentamicin), thus favoring phagocytosis and killing by macrophages. Our study
      provides evidence that antibiotics at subinhibitory concentrations may cooperate
      with host defence mechanisms against bacterial infections.

PMID- 6370127
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in patients with renal insufficiency.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime were studied in 14 adult volunteers with
      different degrees of renal function. The elimination of ceftazidime was totally
      dependent on renal excretion. The clearance of ceftazidime ranged from 7.5 to
      145.1 ml/min and correlated with both renal ceftazidime clearance and creatinine
      clearance (ClCR). It is recommended that 0.5 to 2.0 g of ceftazidime be given in
      extended dosages, with intervals dependent on the renal function of the patient.
      Patients with a ClCR of greater than 50 ml/min should be given ceftazidime every
      8 h, those with a ClCR of 30 to 50 ml/min should be given the drug every 12 h,
      those with a ClCR of 15 to 30 ml/min should be given the drug once a day, and
      individuals with a ClCR of less than 15 ml/min should be given the drug on a day,
      and individuals with a ClCR of less than 15 ml/min should be given the drug on a
      36- to 48-h regimen.

PMID- 6370128
TI  - Detection and quantitation of chloramphenicol by competitive enzyme-linked
      immunoassay.
AB  - A competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay for the detection and quantitation of
      chloramphenicol has been developed. The binding of specific rabbit antibody to
      solid-phase-bound chloramphenicol was competitively inhibited by free
      chloramphenicol in the sample to be assayed. Antibody not displaced was indicated
      by using a commercially available, enzyme-linked, anti-rabbit immunoglobulin
      preparation and reacted with added substrate. Enzyme activity, measured
      spectrophotometrically, was inversely proportional to the concentration of
      chloramphenicol in the sample. Quantitation of the antibiotic was linear to 100
      ng/ml, with a lower limit of detection of 1 ng/ml (P less than 0.05). Specificity
      was demonstrated by the lack of inhibition by any of 31 selected antimicrobial
      agents or chemicals tested in the assay. Chloramphenicol sodium succinate and
      thiamphenicol, an experimental antibiotic similar in structure to
      chloramphenicol, were the only drugs found to produce cross-reactions. In
      addition to excellent sensitivity and specificity, the assay was shown to have
      good precision and economy and could be completed in approximately 24h.

PMID- 6370129
TI  - Side chain modifications in lankacidin group antibiotics.
AB  - Novel N-acyl analogs of lankacidin may be prepared from 3-isocyanatolankone
      diformate [7,13-bis(formyloxy)-2-isocyanato-1,4,10,19-tetramethyl-16-
      oxabicyclo[13.2.2.]nonadeca-3,5,9,11-tetraen-17,18-dione]. Of seven such analogs
      evaluated in vitro only homolankacidin diformate showed significant activity.
      However, in a cell-free system two of the inactive analogs inhibited polypeptide
      synthesis as well as did lankacidin itself or erythromycin. Antibacterial
      activity, therefore, is a function of the ability of a congener to penetrate the
      bacterial cell membrane in addition to its intrinsic activity. Similarly,
      lankacidinol is as potent as lankacidin or erythromycin as an inhibitor of
      bacterial polypeptide synthesis in a cell-free system. This intrinsic activity is
      expressed as potent antibacterial activity against growing gram-positive cultures
      in O(2')-acyl derivatives with the proper lipophilicity.

PMID- 6370130
TI  - A deterministic model for monophasic growth of batch cultures of bacteria.
AB  - Experimental observations of bacterial numbers employing high resolution
      electrical conductance measurements of the culture provide the basis for a
      proposed deterministic model of monophasic growth of populations in batch
      culture. The model postulates that the production and growth of each bacterium is
      accompanied by the generation of a constant mass of toxic end-products and that
      specific growth rate declines in proportion to the ratio of the accumulated mass
      of these substances to the dry mass of the nutrient medium when the substrate is
      non-limiting. The theoretical relationship is found to fit extensive data for
      Escherichia coli (NCIB 9132) very closely and offers an analytical basis for the
      logistic curve frequently observed to represent the time-dependence of growth.
      These data incidentally provide substantial evidence that lag time and generation
      time are each independent of both inoculum number and concentration of the
      medium.

PMID- 6370131
TI  - Liquid nitrogen storage of yeast cultures. II. Stability of characteristics of
      stored strains.
AB  - Nineteen strains of yeasts possessing different characteristics were stored in
      liquid nitrogen and after 5 years phenotypic characters were evaluated and
      compared with equivalent strains preserved under paraffin oil. All qualitative
      characters tested remained stable, and quantitative characters varied only within
      the range of natural variability.

PMID- 6370132
TI  - Suppression of the antibody response to sulfolipids in leprosy patients by 4,4'
      diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS).
AB  - Antibodies to sulfolipids were demonstrated in patients suffering from
      lepromatous leprosy. The antibody titre was found to decrease gradually on
      treatment with DDS. This effect was maximum for patients undergoing treatment for
      more than 1 year.

PMID- 6370133
TI  - Characterization of microbial proteolytic enzymes in the rumen.
AB  - Up to 43% of the viable bacteria from the rumen of cows fed grass and
      concentrates grew on a medium containing casein as the main substrate.
      Proteolytic counts for a cow fed on straw and concentrates or for a hay-fed cow
      were lower than counts for cows fed grass and concentrates, both in absolute
      terms and in relation to the total anaerobic count. In crude enzyme preparations
      derived from the rumen protozoa, amino acid arylamidase (leucine aminopeptidase)
      like activity was the main proteolytic activity observed. In enzyme preparations
      extracted from the rumen bacteria in the presence of Triton X-100, trypsin-like
      activity was predominant. Amino acid arylamidase- and metal-chelating proteinase
      like activity together with lower activities of carboxypeptidase A and B and a
      very low chymotrypsin-like activity were found as well. Studies with enzyme
      inhibitors showed that the bacterial trypsin-like activity was largely of the
      cysteine-protease type in a hay-fed cow, but in addition comprised serine
      protease activity in a cow fed grass and concentrates. Total proteolytic activity
      of the enzymes in the bacterial fraction and the spectrum of proteolytic enzymes
      were found to vary with the ration.

PMID- 6370134
TI  - Penicillin acylase from the hybrid strains Escherichia coli 5K(pHM12): enzyme
      formation and hydrolysis of beta-lactam antibiotics with whole cells.
AB  - Penicillin acylase formation by the hybrid strain Escherichia coli 5K(pHM12) was
      studied under different culture conditions and reached 200 to 250 mumol of 6
      aminopenicillanic acid per min per g of bacteria (wet weight) for penicillin G.
      The Km of whole-cell acylase was determined with 9 to 11 mM for penicillin G at a
      pH optimum of 7.8 at 45 degrees C. A competitive product inhibition for
      phenylacetic acid of Ki = 130 mM was found. 6-Aminopenicillanic acid acts as a
      noncompetitive inhibitor, with a Ki of 131. The temperature optimum of the
      reaction lies at 54 degrees C. Penicillin G inhibits the reaction at Ki(S) =
      1,565 to 1,570 mM. Whole-cell acylase reacts on a wide spectrum of penicillins
      and cephalosporins, but those substrates with a delta-aminoadipyl rest are not
      hydrolized. beta-Lactamase activity of less than 1% relative to the acylase
      activity was found at reaction temperatures between 28 and 45 degrees C. After a
      comparison of different methods for the estimation of beta-lactamase activity, we
      found that high-pressure liquid chromatography is to be preferred. During batch
      fermentation of E. coli 5K(pHM12), problems of plasmid stability in the host
      strain arose which were overcome by the addition of 4 mg of tetracycline per
      liter to the medium as a selective marker.

PMID- 6370135
TI  - Cystine antagonism of the antibacterial action of lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate
      hydrogen peroxide on Streptococcus agalactiae.
AB  - Cystine reduction in Streptococcus agalactiae, resulting in sulfhydryl formation,
      may account for antagonism of the antibacterial effect of lactoperoxidase
      thiocyanate-hydrogen peroxide when cystine is present in excess of the amount
      needed for maximum growth. Accumulation of cystine by S. agalactiae and its
      reduction to form sulfhydryl compounds were demonstrated. The reduction of
      cystine appeared to occur by a couple reaction between glutathione reductase and
      glutathione-disulfide transhydrogenase activity, both of which were found in the
      supernatant fraction from cell homogenates. NADPH-specific glutathione reductase
      activity was found in the pellet and supernatant fractions from cell homogenates.
      Two sulfhydryls were formed for each mole of NADPH used during cystine reduction.
      The information presented offers a plausible explanation of how cystine, when
      present in excess of growth needs, may be reduced to generate sulfhydryl
      compounds which neutralize the antibacterial effect of lactoperoxidase
      thiocyanate-hydrogen peroxide on S. agalactiae.

PMID- 6370136
TI  - Inorganic phosphate accumulation and cadmium detoxification in Klebsiella
      aerogenes NCTC 418 growing in continuous culture.
AB  - Klebsiella aerogenes NCTC 418, growing in the presence of cadmium under glucose-,
      sulfate-, or phosphate-limited conditions in continuous culture, exhibits two
      different cadmium detoxifying mechanisms. In addition to sulfide formation,
      increased accumulation of Pi is demonstrated as a novel mechanism. Intracellular
      cadmium is always quantitatively counterbalanced by a concerted increase in both
      inorganic sulfide and Pi contents of the cells. This led to the conclusion that
      production of sulfide and accumulation of Pi are detoxification mechanisms
      present in K. aerogenes but that their relative importance is crucially dependent
      on the strain and the growth conditions employed.

PMID- 6370137
TI  - Procedure for increased recovery of Campylobacter jejuni from inoculated
      unpasteurized milk.
AB  - Different treatments were applied to Campylobacter jejuni-inoculated
      unpasteurized milk to identify means of enhancing the survival of the organism in
      refrigerated (4 degrees C) samples. The greatest survival occurred in milk
      supplemented with 0.01% sodium bisulfite and held under an atmosphere of 100%
      nitrogen (bisulfite-nitrogen), in most instances allowing isolation of C. jejuni
      from highly contaminated milk 15 or more days longer than from unsupplemented
      milk held in air (21% oxygen). Although a larger amount of Campylobacter was
      consistently recovered from milk treated with bisulfite-nitrogen, similar
      isolation rates (qualitative) resulted from milk stored in air and supplemented
      with 0.01% sodium bisulfite and 0.15% sodium thioglycolate when analyzed within
      12 days after sampling. Milk samples to be transported and assayed at a later
      date would best be held refrigerated (4 degrees C) and supplemented with 0.01%
      sodium bisulfite and either 0.15% sodium thioglycolate or an atmosphere of 100%
      nitrogen.

PMID- 6370138
TI  - Effects of electron mediator charge properties on the reaction kinetics of
      hydrogenase from Chlamydomonas.
AB  - Anions modulate hydrogenase activity in cell-free preparations of Chlamydomonas
      reinhardtii, and this modulation is greatly influenced by the charge properties
      of the redox agent included to mediate electron transfer to hydrogenase. With
      cationic methyl viologen as the electron mediator, anions stimulate the maximum
      velocity of H2 production (e.g., a 320% increase in the presence of 1 M NaCl) but
      have little effect on the Km for methyl viologen. Conversely, when hydrogenase
      activity is mediated by polyanionic metatungstate or ferredoxin, H2 production is
      strongly inhibited by anions (e.g., 70-77% inhibition by 0.2 M NaCl). This
      inhibition is primarily due to a reduced affinity of hydrogenase for these
      mediators (as evidenced by a large increase in Km values), rather than a change
      in the maximum velocity of the reaction. Anions have little effect on the
      kinetics of hydrogenase activity mediated by zwitterionic sulfonatopropyl
      viologen, a redox agent with a nearly neutral net charge. These results suggest
      the presence of a cationic region near the active site of hydrogenase. This
      cationic region, probably due to lysine and/or arginine residues, may serve in
      vivo to facilitate the interaction between hydrogenase and ferredoxin, the
      polyanionic, physiological electron mediator.

PMID- 6370139
TI  - Acylation of plant acyl carrier proteins by acyl-acyl carrier protein synthetase
      from Escherichia coli.
AB  - The acyl-acyl carrier protein synthetase from Escherichia coli has been examined
      for its ability to specifically acylate acyl carrier protein (ACP) from higher
      plants in order to develop an assay for plant ACP, and to prepare labeled acyl
      ACP of plant origin. It was found that the E. coli enzyme was able to acylate ACP
      from spinach, soybean, avocado, corn, and several other plants. The acylation was
      very specific because, in crude extracts of spinach leaves where ACP represented
      approximately 0.1% of the total soluble protein, ACP was shown to be the only
      protein acylated. In contrast to other E. coli enzymes that display 2- to 10-fold
      lower rates with plant versus bacterial ACP, the kinetic constants (Km and Vmax)
      for acyl-ACP synthetase were found to be essentially identical for spinach and E.
      coli ACP when acylated with palmitic acid. Palmitic, myristic, lauric, stearic,
      and oleic acid could all be esterified to both spinach and E. coli ACP with
      similar specificity. Procedures are described that allow the assay of ACP in
      plant extracts at the nanogram level.

PMID- 6370140
TI  - Kinetics of inhibition of ethanol metabolism in rats and the rate-limiting role
      of alcohol dehydrogenase.
AB  - If liver alcohol dehydrogenase were rate-limiting in ethanol metabolism,
      inhibitors of the enzyme should inhibit the metabolism with the same type of
      kinetics and the same kinetic constants in vitro and in vivo. Against varied
      concentrations of ethanol, 4-methylpyrazole is a competitive inhibitor of
      purified rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase (Kis = 0.11 microM, in 83 mM potassium
      phosphate and 40 mM KCl buffer, pH 7.3, 37 degrees C) and is competitive in rats
      (with Kis = 1.4 mumol/kg). Isobutyramide is essentially an uncompetitive
      inhibitor of purified enzyme (Kii = 0.33 mM) and of metabolism in vivo (Kii = 1.0
      mmol/kg). Low concentrations of both inhibitors decreased the rate of metabolism
      as a direct function of their concentrations. Qualitatively, therefore, alcohol
      dehydrogenase activity appears to be a major rate-limiting factor in ethanol
      metabolism. Quantitatively, however, the constants may not agree because of
      distribution in the animal or metabolism of the inhibitors. At saturating
      concentrations of inhibitors, ethanol is eliminated by inhibitor-insensitive
      pathways, at about 10% of the total rate at a dose of ethanol of 10 mmol/kg.
      Uncompetitive inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase should be especially useful for
      inhibiting the metabolism of alcohols since they are effective even at saturating
      levels of alcohol, in contrast to competitive inhibitors, whose action is
      overcome by saturation with alcohol.

PMID- 6370141
TI  - Hormonal alteration of methotrexate and folate polyglutamate formation in
      cultured hepatoma cells.
AB  - Glutamylation of the antifolate methotrexate in H35 hepatoma cells was stimulated
      by physiologic concentrations of insulin and dexamethasone. At saturating
      concentrations of the hormone a 2.7-fold stimulation could be obtained with
      insulin (65 nM, 16-h exposure) and a 1.8-fold stimulation with dexamethasone (100
      nM, 16-h exposure). The increases in glutamylation caused by the hormones were
      not additive, and both were inhibited by actinomycin D and cycloheximide. N6,O2'
      dibutyryl cAMP and theophylline caused a modest reduction of glutamylation in
      control and dexamethasone-treated cultures, but repressed the stimulation caused
      by insulin by approximately one-third. Enhancement of synthesis by dexamethasone
      and insulin was associated with increases in the tri-, tetra-, and pentaglutamate
      derivatives of methotrexate, with little change in intracellular methotrexate and
      methotrexate diglutamate. When the conversion of folinic acid into the
      folylpolyglutamate pool was examined in folate-depleted H35 cells, insulin and
      dexamethasone had similar effects. The results suggest that these hormones play a
      role in the glutamylation of the folate coenzymes in a liver-derived transformed
      cell line in culture and that these effects are also reflected in the interaction
      of the cells with antifolates such as methotrexate.

PMID- 6370142
TI  - The tryptophan synthase alpha 2 beta 2 complex: a comparison of the reactivity of
      amino groups in the alpha and beta 2 subunits and in the complex by differential
      labeling studies.
AB  - The interaction of the alpha and beta 2 subunits of tryptophan synthase of
      Escherichia coli to form an alpha 2 beta 2 complex has been probed by
      differential labeling studies. In the first step the separate alpha or beta 2
      subunit or the alpha 2 beta 2 complex was labeled by reductive methylation with
      trace amounts of [3H]HCHO in the presence of NaCNBH3. In the second step the 3H
      labeled preparation was fully labeled under denaturing conditions with [14C]HCHO
      and NaCNBH3. Peptides containing labeled monomethyl or dimethyl amino groups were
      isolated after thermolytic digestion or after cyanogen bromide treatment. The
      3H/14C ratio of each peptide is a measure of the relative reactivity of the amino
      group or groups in each peptide. The most reactive amino group in the alpha
      subunit, lysine-109, is strongly shielded from modification in the alpha 2 beta 2
      complex. The most reactive amino group in the beta 2 subunit, the amino-terminal
      threonine, is not shielded from modification in the alpha 2 beta 2 complex.

PMID- 6370143
TI  - [Organization of microtubules and regulation of cell growth].
AB  - Microtubule organizing center is composed of a pair of centrioles and active
      pericentriolar materials. Its nucleating activity enhances at mitosis to organize
      a mitotic spindle. We raised a monoclonal antibody against microtubule associated
      protein 1. Indirect immunofluorescence by this antibody was located in the
      microtubule organizing center and in the nucleus. The intranuclear antigen was
      bound to the nuclear skeleton during interphase, and released to cytoplasm
      concentrating to the mitotic spindle and its poles. The nuclear
      immunofluorescence reversibly disappeared in growth-inhibited normal cells, but
      was always apparent in transformed cells.

PMID- 6370144
TI  - [Significance of cell-to-cell interaction for migration and proliferation: an
      application of W and Sl mutant mice for cancer research].
AB  - A double gene dose of mutant alleles at either W or Sl locus of mice produces the
      pleiotropic effects of macrocytic anemia, depletion of mast cells, lack of hair
      pigmentation, and sterility. Although the phenotypic expression of these two
      mutations is very similar, underlying mechanisms are quite different. The
      depletion of erythrocytes, mast cells and melanocytes in W/Wv mice is attributed
      to a defect in their precursor cells. In fact, the transplantation of bone marrow
      cells from congenic +/+ mice normalizes the number of erythrocytes and mast cells
      in the W/Wv mice. The donor origin of erythrocytes and mast cells was confirmed
      by using genetic markers. In contrast, the depletion of erythrocytes, mast cells
      and melanocytes in the Sl/Sld mice is due to a defect of microenvironment in
      which precursor cells differentiate into erythrocytes, mast cells and
      melanocytes. Although the sterility of both W/Wv and Sl/Sld mice is attributed to
      the depletion of germ cells, the mechanisms of germ-cell depletion have not been
      clarified. Since phenotypes of W/Wv and Sl/Sld mice seem to result from defects
      in cell-to-cell interactions, and since cell-to-cell interactions seem to play
      important roles for development of cancer, the author introduced these mutant
      mice as tools for cancer research.

PMID- 6370146
TI  - William Harvey and his gout.
AB  - In William Harvey's day almost any or every arthropathy was termed gout. This is
      evident in the case histories of some of his patients and in his own case, where
      his own cold water therapy would suggest the correct diagnosis was not gout but
      erythromelalgia (Weir Mitchell's disease).

PMID- 6370145
TI  - Airway effects of low concentrations of sulfur dioxide: dose-response
      characteristics.
AB  - The acute respiratory effects of exposure to low-level, short-term sulfur dioxide
      (SO2) were studied in ten asthmatic and ten healthy subjects. Subjects were
      exposed in an environmental chamber in a double-blind, random sequence to SO2)
      levels of 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 ppm for 40 min. During the first 10
      min subjects exercised on a cycloergometer at a level of 450 kpm/min. On separate
      days, subjects were exposed to 0 and 1.0 ppm SO2 in the absence of exercise. In
      exercising asthmatic subjects, breathing 1 ppm SO2 resulted in significant
      changes from baseline in airway resistance (Raw), forced expiratory volume in 1
      sec (FEV1.0), maximal expiratory flow at 60% of the vital capacity (VC) below
      total lung capacity on the partial flow volume curve [MEF40% (P)] as well as
      reductions in flows at 50% of VC (Vmax50%). None of these parameters showed
      significant changes for exposures to 0.5 ppm or less, with the exception of small
      decreases (i.e., less than 0.2 L/sec) in Vmax50% at 0.25 and 0.5 ppm. Ten minutes
      after the end of exercise, there were no statistically significant differences
      from baseline, even though SO2 was still present in the chamber atmosphere. For
      asthmatic subjects, the average changes in Raw, FEV1.0, MEF40%(P), and Vmax50%
      increased as SO2 levels increased, suggestive of a dose-response relationship
      with a consistent effect first seen at 0.75 ppm. In individual exercising
      asthmatics, responses may occur at levels of SO2 below 0.75 ppm. No changes were
      seen in healthy individuals on any day, or in asthmatic subjects at
      rest.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6370147
TI  - A study of lymphocytotoxins in families of patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus.
AB  - Lymphocytotoxic antibodies are a common feature in the sera of patients with
      systemic lupus erythematosus. This family study, however, has not confirmed the
      previous findings of an increased incidence in the sera of their relatives.
      Adsorption studies suggest that when lymphocytotoxins occur in the sera of normal
      subjects and relatives of patients they have a different specificity and thus
      significance.

PMID- 6370148
TI  - Enhanced neutrophil migration in vivo HLA B27 positive subjects.
AB  - Chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in vivo was studied in patients with
      previous yersinia arthritis and in healthy subjects with or without HLA B27 by
      means of a skin chamber technique. Irrespective of previous arthritis the number
      of neutrophils in the chamber media was significantly higher in HLA B27 positive
      subjects than in those without HLA B27. The amounts of prostaglandins E2, F2
      alpha, and 6-keto-F1 alpha in the chamber media correlated positively with the
      corresponding cell counts. The present results give credence to the view that the
      hyperreactive neutrophils and the vasodilatory prostaglandins produced by them
      can together trigger a vicious circle which results in increased inflammatory
      symptoms in patients with yersinia arthritis who have HLA B27 as compared with
      those who lack this antigen.

PMID- 6370149
TI  - IgM, IgG, and IgA synthesis in vitro in persons suffering from yersinia arthritis
      and in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
AB  - In ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and in yersinia arthritis the main findings in
      serum immunoglobulin (Ig) studies have been raised IgA in AS and a high anti
      yersinia IgA and IgG response and the persistence of IgA class antibodies in
      yersinia arthritis. In order to study predisposition to high IgA response in AS
      and yersinia arthritis we measured the in-vitro Ig production in patients with AS
      and in persons who have once had yersinia arthritis, and we compared it with the
      Ig production in persons who have had yersiniosis but recovered without getting
      arthritis and with that in healthy controls. IgA secretion by peripheral blood
      lymphocytes stimulated by pokeweed mitogen was the same in all 4 groups, and no
      signs of higher IgA production in AS patients could be found. In AS patients
      lymphocyte activation by whole yersinia bacteria resulted in higher total IgG
      production than in healthy controls. The total number of plaque-forming cells in
      yersinia-stimulated cultures was significantly higher in persons who have had
      yersiniosis without arthritis than in persons who have suffered from yersinia
      arthritis or in persons in other groups. AS patients had low IgM production,
      which reverted to normal when hydrocortisone was added to the culture. The in
      vitro Ig production in general did not correlate with the presence of the HLA B27
      antigen but rather with the clinical history of the subjects studied.

PMID- 6370150
TI  - Report on chloroquine and dapsone in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a 6
      month comparative study.
AB  - A controlled study compared 6 months' treatment of 60 patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis (RA). Half were randomly allocated to treatment with chloroquine 250 mg
      daily, the other half dapsone 100 mg daily (50 mg/day for the first 7 days)
      following a one-month run-in assessment period. All patients had active or
      progressing disease. Both treatment groups showed significant improvement in
      morning stiffness, number of painful joints, pain scores, Ritchie index, and
      proximal interphalangeal joint size, and the chloroquine group alone in grip
      strength. Laboratory tests showed significant decreases in erythrocyte
      sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and total serum protein levels, with
      significant increase in serum albumin in the dapsone group, where there was a
      significant mean drop in haemoglobin (less than 1 g/dl) and a rise in serum
      bilirubin, associated with its haemolytic effect. X-ray erosion scores were not
      significantly affected. The clinical and laboratory responses became evident by
      the time of the 2-month assessment. Criteria for clinical and laboratory
      improvement were defined, according to which there were 21/26 improvers in the
      chloroquine group and 12/29 in the dapsone group. It is concluded that although
      both are effective preparations, chloroquine showed a significantly higher
      improvement rate and was certainly better tolerated. It is the preferred
      treatment for patients with active or progressive disease not controlled by
      nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, with dapsone as an alternative for patients
      who fail to respond to or cannot tolerate chloroquine.

PMID- 6370151
TI  - D-penicillamine withdrawal in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Thirty-eight patients with rheumatoid arthritis in remission on penicillamine
      were entered into a prospective, randomised, placebo controlled study to
      determine the effects of gradual penicillamine withdrawal, to find a serological
      marker capable of predicting relapse, and to assess the effects of reintroduction
      of penicillamine. 80% of patients attempting gradual penicillamine withdrawal
      flared. There was no single serological marker capable of predicting outcome
      consistently. Decreasing SH levels were highly specific for recurrence of active
      synovitis but were insensitive. Reintroduction of penicillamine was successful.
      The implications of these findings, particularly concerning duration of therapy
      with disease modifying drugs, are discussed.

PMID- 6370152
TI  - Degenerated annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc contains collagen type
      II.
AB  - Collagen has been isolated and purified from the pronase digest of the outer
      annulus fibrosus of degenerated and unaffected intervertebral discs obtained at
      necropsy. The mixture of different collagen types has been purified and
      fractionated by 2 subsequent DEAE-cellulose chromatographic procedures according
      to established methods. Collagen chain polymers were then isolated by molecular
      sieving. Their reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol followed by agarose
      chromatography resulted in the separation of 3 major peaks corresponding to
      gamma, beta, and alpha chains. Cyanogen bromide (CNBr) peptides and aminoacid
      analyses revealed the identity of the isolated alpha-chain as alpha 1(III).
      Further support for this finding was obtained by immunofluorescence. It is
      suggested that the presence of collagen type III in the outer annulus fibrosus
      may be related to intervertebral disc prolapse.

PMID- 6370153
TI  - Beta 2-microglobulin and its binding activity in serum from patients with SLE.
AB  - Repeated determinations of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) and beta 2
      microglobulin binding activity (beta 2m ba) in serum were performed during a
      follow-up of 23 patients with SLE. beta 2m was determined by a radioimmunoassay.
      Individual mean values were raised in 65% of the patients. The mean value for all
      patients, 2.9 mg/l, was significantly higher than that of the controls. The beta
      2m concentrations parallelled the clinical disease activity in several cases with
      different disease manifestations. The beta 2m ba was determined by precipitation
      of 125I-labelled beta 2m with polyethylene glycol. Increased beta 2m ba was found
      in 26% of the SLE patients with the 90th percentile in 40 healthy subjects being
      taken as the upper normal limit. There were, however, no significant differences
      between the mean values for beta 2m ba in the patients and the controls. Patients
      with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), suffering exacerbation of their disease,
      had a higher mean beta 2m ba than those with less active disease. Variations of
      the serum beta 2m ba occurred especially in patients with active disease but did
      not seem to reflect the clinical course. The beta 2m ba was recovered in the IgG
      peak when SLE serum was subjected to gel chromatography on Sephadex G-200.

PMID- 6370154
TI  - Hyaline articular cartilage dissected by papain: light and scanning electron
      microscopy and micromechanical studies.
AB  - Papain was used to digest the hyaline femoral condylar cartilages of 30 adult
      Wistar rats. Matrix proteoglycan degradation was assessed by the light microscopy
      of paraffin sections stained with toluidine blue. The extent of surface
      structural change was estimated by scanning electron microscopy, and the
      structural integrity of the hyaline cartilage tested by the controlled impact of
      a sharp pin. The results demonstrated an early loss of cartilage metachromasia,
      increasing with time of papain digestion, and an alteration in the shape of the
      cartilage splits produced mechanically. Accompanying the loss of matrix material
      was a conspicuous sequence of morphological changes in cartilage surface
      structure. The results confirm a close relationship between matrix integrity,
      mechanical properties, and fine structure.

PMID- 6370155
TI  - The prognostic significance of preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen levels in
      colorectal cancer. Results from NSABP (National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and
      Bowel Project) clinical trials.
AB  - This analysis explores the prognostic significance of preoperative
      carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in patients with colorectal cancer. The
      data were derived from 945 patients entered into two randomized prospective
      clinical trials of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project. A
      strong correlation was evident between preoperative CEA level and Dukes class.
      The mean CEA progressively increased with each Dukes category and the mean value
      for each of the four classes was significantly different. This relationship was
      prevalent whether the data were analyzed for all colorectal lesions regardless of
      location or specifically for right-sided colon tumors. The prognostic function of
      preoperative CEA level was independent of the number of positive histologic
      nodes. Preoperative CEA level correlated with the degree of lumen encirclement by
      tumor. Tumors that did not encircle more than one half the lumen were associated
      with significantly lower preoperative CEA levels than those that did. The
      presence or absence of lumen obstruction was unrelated to the preoperative CEA
      level. The relative risk of developing a treatment failure was associated with
      preoperative CEA, in both Dukes B and C patients, demonstrating that the
      prognostic significance of preoperative CEA was independent of Dukes class.

PMID- 6370156
TI  - Renal artery stenosis in transplant patients.
AB  - Although hypertension appears not infrequently among recipients of kidney
      transplants, renal artery stenosis is relatively rare as a causative factor. A 23
      year experience of patients receiving kidney grafts at the Brigham and Women's
      Hospital was reviewed to ascertain the incidence of renal artery stenosis and its
      surgical management. Risk factors leading to the condition and selection of
      patients for operation are emphasized. The incidence of arterial stenosis severe
      enough to require operation was 2.7% of 914 kidney transplants; the overall
      incidence in these patients is unknown, although operated patients comprise about
      one-half of those undergoing arteriography to diagnose hypertension. The mean
      time for development of the condition was 21.4 months from date of engraftment. A
      successful outcome as measured by fall in blood pressure and/or serum creatinine
      was achieved in 14 of 21 patients (67%) in whom surgical repair of the effected
      artery was undertaken. Reparative surgery was unsuccessful in seven patients,
      although hypertension was improved in one of these individuals following
      transplant nephrectomy. Surgery was never undertaken in four patients because of
      chronic rejection noted on biopsy. There was no mortality. Operative repair
      should be offered to patients with renal artery stenosis leading to unmanageable
      hypertension or renal dysfunction, but withheld from those with documented
      chronic rejection regardless of major arterial compromise.

PMID- 6370157
TI  - Controlled trial of routine administration of platelet concentrates in
      cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.
AB  - Prophylactic administration of platelet concentrates to patients undergoing their
      first cardiopulmonary bypass operation (coronary artery bypass grafting or
      uncomplicated valve replacement) was evaluated in a controlled randomized study
      of 28 patients. Four units of platelet concentrates administered at the end of
      bypass prevented prolongation of the bleeding time seen in patients not receiving
      platelets. However, chest tube blood loss, transfusion requirements, and clinical
      outcome were not improved. Moreover, thrombocytopenia and prolongation of
      bleeding time did not correlate with blood loss or transfusion needs. Mild
      thrombocytopenia (to 58,000 platelets per microliter) and transient platelet
      dysfunction after bypass do not require administration of platelet concentrates,
      and prophylactic use of this blood component in the surgical setting of bypass is
      not indicated.

PMID- 6370158
TI  - Results of radionuclide assessment of cardiac function following transplantation
      of the heart.
AB  - Radionuclide assessment of ejection fraction was determined early and late
      postoperatively following cardiac transplantation in 16 patients. In 11 patients,
      ejection fraction was determined within 48 hours of an endocardial biopsy. There
      was no relationship between the severity of histologically evident rejection and
      the ejection fraction (Pearson correlation coefficient [r] = -0.11; p = 0.47). In
      2 patients, severe graft fibrosis developed with consequent diminution in
      ejection fraction. There was no relationship between severity and duration of
      rejection or the amount of immunosuppression required to treat acute rejection
      and the development of graft fibrosis. The mean resting ejection fraction in 7
      patients in follow-up ranging from 6 to 21 months after transplantation was 0.59
      +/- 0.06 (standard deviation), and the mean exercise ejection fraction in 6 of
      these patients was 0.72 +/- 0.08. Radionuclide-determined ejection fraction is
      not predictive of rejection early after operation. During short-term late follow
      up, systolic left ventricular function at rest and exercise has been retained at
      normal levels.

PMID- 6370159
TI  - A prospective study of sternal wound complications.
AB  - Eight hundred seventy patients were enrolled in a prospective study to identify
      risk factors for sternal wound complications following open-heart operations. The
      0.8% incidence of major sternal complications was similar to that reported in the
      literature by other centers. The effects of age, sex, weight, operative time,
      type of procedure, resident versus attending surgeon, prolonged ventilatory
      support, reoperation for bleeding, external cardiac massage, and Dacron versus
      wire suture for sternal closure were assessed by stepwise logistic regression.
      Prolonged ventilation and female sex both strongly increased the risk of major
      sternal complications. Age and weight exerted lesser, but statistically
      significant, effects on the incidence of such complications. None of the other
      factors was associated with an increased risk of major sternal complications.

PMID- 6370160
TI  - Captopril in the treatment of scleroderma renal crisis.
AB  - Scleroderma is a disease of unknown cause characterized by interstitial fibrosis
      and vascular lesions in many organ systems. Renal failure, often associated with
      malignant hypertension, may ensue as a life-threatening component of this
      disorder. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system has been
      hypothesized as a cause of this complication. Captopril has been used in 23
      patients with this condition. Of this group, 20 (87%) responded favorably with a
      decrease of the supine diastolic BP to less than 90 mm Hg and a reduction in the
      serum creatinine level in 14 patients. During long-term therapy (median, 29
      months), 11 of the 23 patients continued to have a good clinical response while
      receiving captopril. Six patients died and six patients were alive after
      captopril therapy was discontinued. These data suggest that captopril is
      beneficial in the treatment of scleroderma renal crisis.

PMID- 6370161
TI  - Orthostatic hypotension. I. Functional and neurogenic causes.
AB  - The maintenance of adequate upright BP requires both a baroreceptor-mediated
      feedback loop and an effective circulating blood volume. Although functional
      disruptions of these mechanisms are reversible and common, several permanent and
      often progressive neurologic disorders exist that interfere with necessary
      reflexes and orthostatic BP control. Multiple system atrophy affects diffuse
      neurologic systems; autonomic dysfunction causes a failure of peripheral
      vasoconstriction from defective sympathetic stimulation. Idiopathic orthostatic
      hypotension is a selective disorder of autonomic nerves; postganglionic neurons
      cannot release norepinephrine properly and are supersensitive to exogenous
      pressors. Conversely, excessive sympathetic discharge occurs in sympathicotonic
      orthostatic hypotension, the pathogenesis and incidence of which are unclear. Any
      peripheral neuropathy may interfere with sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity and
      is most commonly seen in diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6370162
TI  - The Somogyi phenomenon. Sacred cow or bull?
AB  - Posthypoglycemic hyperglycemia (Somogyi phenomenon) occurs infrequently in
      insulin-treated diabetic patients. When it occurs it is often in children and
      adolescents, or patients with a short duration of diabetes. Marked hyperglycemia
      (greater than 220 mg/dL) after hypoglycemia results from a large meal to relieve
      the symptoms of hypoglycemia. Posthypoglycemic hyperglycemia correlates with
      falling plasma insulin levels, rather than increasing concentrations of
      counterregulatory hormones, whose secretion may be defective. Asymptomatic
      nocturnal hypoglycemia is common but subsequent fasting hyperglycemia is not
      necessarily the result of "rebound." More likely, fasting hyperglycemia is due to
      a falling predawn insulin level. Nocturnal hypoglycemia is dealt with by a
      readjustment in the timing and dose of insulin. The failure of the Somogyi
      phenomenon to occur puts insulin-dependent diabetic patients at increased risk to
      potential lethal consequences of nocturnal hypoglycemia.

PMID- 6370163
TI  - On-line data bases.

PMID- 6370164
TI  - Recent advances in the pharmacologic and behavioral management of chemotherapy
      induced emesis.
AB  - Chemotherapy protocols that induce severe protracted nausea and vomiting are
      stressful for cancer patients, and the fear that may be associated with
      chemotherapy often outweighs other negative aspects of the cancer experience. The
      clinical management of chemotherapy-induced emesis involves pharmacologic
      approaches, maintenance of hydration, provision of emotional support, and the
      possible use of behavioral relaxation techniques. We review the literature on the
      psychological side effects of chemotherapy and offer recommendations for the
      pharmacologic, supportive, and behavioral treatment of chemotherapy-induced
      emesis. More effective management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
      also enhances patient compliance and therefore potentially decreases overall
      morbidity and mortality.

PMID- 6370165
TI  - Arrhythmia during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in a diabetic patient.
AB  - The temporal relationship between the level of blood glucose and the frequency of
      ventricular premature contractions (VPCs) during 24 hours was examined in a 45
      year-old man with diabetes mellitus who was treated with a regular insulin
      injection. The number of VPCs increased sharply when the blood glucose level fell
      to about 50 mg/dL while the patient was awake. There was a minimal increase in
      VPCs during sleep, despite a decrease to 21 mg/dL in the blood glucose level. The
      insulin tolerance test produced frequent VPCs during hypoglycemia, which was
      suppressed by glucose administration. Changes in the level of plasma epinephrine
      correlated well with changes in the frequency of VPCs. These data suggest that
      increased levels of plasma epinephrine may have played a role in the genesis of
      VPCs that occurred during insulin-induced hypoglycemia.

PMID- 6370166
TI  - Osler and sleep apnea.

PMID- 6370167
TI  - Methacholine challenge test.
AB  - Methacholine challenge has been proposed as a diagnostic test in situations where
      clinical asthma is suspected but reversible airway obstruction cannot be
      demonstrated spirometrically. Methacholine challenge was used in 14 patients with
      suspected asthma and five normal controls. Eight individuals (six patients and
      two controls) had a reduction in the forced expiratory volume at 1 s (FEV1) of
      20% or more with 100 inhalation units (IUs) of methacholine; seven additional
      individuals (six patients and one control) met one or more of the American
      Thoracic Society's criteria for a positive bronchoprovocation test; and four
      individuals (two patients and two controls) were not sensitive to methacholine by
      any criteria. The diagnosis of asthma can be excluded if methacholine does not
      induce reversible obstruction. However, provocation of reversible obstruction
      with methacholine is not specific for asthma. More stringent criteria, such as
      reduction of FEV1 by 20% by 20 IUs of methacholine, would be less sensitive but
      more specific for asthma.

PMID- 6370168
TI  - Clostridium difficile. Colonization and toxin production in a cohort of patients
      with malignant hematologic disorders.
AB  - We examined 45 (80%) of 56 consecutive adult patients with malignant hematologic
      disorders who were hospitalized during a 15-week period at Emory University
      Hospital, Atlanta. Stool samples for Clostridium difficile culture and cytotoxin
      assay were obtained on admission and then weekly during each patient's
      hospitalization. On admission, four patients had detectable C difficile in their
      stool samples, which was associated with prior antimicrobial use but not with
      prior cancer chemotherapy. One of the four patients with positive stool samples
      also had toxin present in the stool sample and was the only one with diarrhea.
      Eight (36%) of 22 patients hospitalized for one or more weeks had C difficile
      isolated from at least one stool specimen. The positive cultures showed no
      clustering in time, and no risk factors were identified for colonization. Only
      seven of 15 culture-positive stool samples and three of seven toxin-positive
      samples were associated with diarrhea.

PMID- 6370169
TI  - Transport and metabolism of trehalose in Escherichia coli and Salmonella
      typhimurium.
AB  - The metabolism of trehalose in wild type cells of Escherichia coli and Salmonella
      typhimurium has been investigated. Intact cells of Escherichia coli (grown on
      trehalose) accumulated [14C]-trehalose as [14C]-trehalose 6-phosphate. Toluene
      treated cells catalyzed the synthesis of the [14C]-sugar phosphate from [14C]
      trehalose and phosphoenolpyruvate; ATP did not serve as phosphoryl donor.
      Trehalose 6-phosphate could subsequently be hydrolyzed by trehalose 6-phosphate
      hydrolase, an enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of the disaccharide phosphate
      into glucose and glucose 6-phosphate. Both Escherichia coli and Salmonella
      typhimurium induced this enzyme when they grew on trehalose. These findings
      suggest that trehalose is transported in these bacteria by an inducible
      phosphoenolpyruvate:trehalose phosphotransferase system. The presence of a
      constitutive trehalase was also detected.

PMID- 6370170
TI  - [Pre-industrial production of chemical and medicines at the turn of the 19th
      century in Lodz and Lodz region].

PMID- 6370171
TI  - [Therapeutic recommendations in children's diseases in selected non-medical
      periodicals in the 18th century in Poland].

PMID- 6370172
TI  - [Over-a-hundred-years-old pharmaceutical traditions of the Nitribitt family (from
      the series: Pharmaceutical families)].

PMID- 6370173
TI  - [Medical advertisements in Poland].

PMID- 6370174
TI  - [Case of cure of human glanders in 1828].

PMID- 6370175
TI  - [Rationalistic and empirical principles in the development of medicine at the
      turn of the 18th century. Brief review of philosophical doctrines and biological
      theories].

PMID- 6370176
TI  - [Andrzej Krupinski (1744-1783). On the 200th anniversary of his death].

PMID- 6370178
TI  - [3 forgotten letters of physicians-participants in the November Uprising].

PMID- 6370177
TI  - [In memory of colonel Prof. Teofil Kucharski].

PMID- 6370179
TI  - [2 unknown letters of Jan Jonston to elector of Brandenburg Frederick William].

PMID- 6370180
TI  - [Sources of the history of Polish medicine and the main obstacles preventing the
      development of research in this field].

PMID- 6370181
TI  - [Stanislaw Konopka (1896-1982), medical historian, librarian and bibliographer,
      creator of Polish medical bibliography].

PMID- 6370182
TI  - [Prof. Stanislaw Konopka. Reminiscences].

PMID- 6370183
TI  - ["Bibliographies" of Stanislaw Konopka].

PMID- 6370184
TI  - [Prof. Stanislaw Konopka - a reminiscence].

PMID- 6370185
TI  - [Prof. Stanislaw Konopka--3 chapters from my life].

PMID- 6370186
TI  - [Prof. Stanislaw Konopka, librarian and collector].

PMID- 6370187
TI  - [The last illness of General Stefan Grot-Rowecki (1895-1944)].

PMID- 6370188
TI  - [Activities of the Szczecin branch of the Gdansk-Pomeranian Medical Council 1945
      1950].

PMID- 6370189
TI  - Biology of collagen-proteoglycan interaction.
AB  - The purpose of this article is to review our knowledge to date of collagen
      proteoglycan interaction. Many topics have been taken into account in order to
      provide a reasonably complete picture of this highly complex subject. Basic
      information about collagen biology, and an overview of the current concepts and
      advances regarding proteoglycans, have served as a basis to elucidate collagen
      proteoglycan interaction. The bases of some methods of study have been reviewed
      in order to provide a fuller understanding of the results that are cited in this
      article. The experimental models and biological examples discussed herein
      demonstrate that collagen-proteoglycan interaction is essential to the
      extracellular matrix resiliency. The organization of these macromolecules is
      critical: collagen molecules become assembled into fibrils, fibrils aggregate to
      form fibers, fibers associate into bundles of fibers, and proteoglycans in the
      ground substance play a major role in the ordering process; on the other hand,
      glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are composed of repeating monomers--GAGs linked to a
      same protein core form a proteoglycan--which, in turn, may bind to a hyaluronic
      acid molecule to form a proteoglycan aggregate together with other proteoglycans.
      Further growth of these complex macromolecules at higher hierarchical levels
      occurs by interaction of collagen with proteoglycans. A striking correlation
      between the tissue distribution of the genetically-distinct types of interstitial
      collagen and the occurrence of the different GAGs (which argues strongly in
      favour of a specific interaction) is demonstrated comprehensively in this review.
      Tissues composed of collagen type I possess small amounts of proteoglycans which
      contain almost exclusively dermatan sulfate; while tissues containing only
      collagen type II have high amounts of chondroitin sulfates. Collagen type III is
      the major fibrillary constituent of tissues that possess intermediate levels of
      proteoglycans, which contain great amounts of heparan sulfate. The histochemical
      and ultrastructural equivalents of these interactions have been emphasized in
      order to permit an interpretation of the morphologic aspects that can contribute
      to distinguishing these macromolecular components when studying tissue sections
      either under the light microscope or by aid of electron microscopy.

PMID- 6370190
TI  - A short immunoperoxidase method.

PMID- 6370191
TI  - Brain biopsies in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
AB  - Seven brain biopsies from patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome
      (AIDS) were reviewed. Toxoplasmic encephalitis was diagnosed in five patients,
      neurotuberculosis in one patient, and no diagnosis was made in the seventh
      patient. Frozen sections and smears enabled a rapid diagnosis to be made in four
      patients. Routine histochemical analysis was diagnostic in five patients, and the
      immunoperoxidase technique for Toxoplasma gondii was required for diagnosis in an
      additional case. Brain biopsy is a valuable and safe method in the evaluation of
      mass lesions in patients with AIDS.

PMID- 6370192
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of apolipoprotein B in human atherosclerotic
      lesions.
AB  - A peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical method was used to detect the
      presence of intracellular and extracellular apolipoprotein B (apo B) in paraffin
      sections of human abdominal aortas and coronary arteries with and without
      atherosclerotic involvement. The four aortas studied disclosed both intracellular
      and extracellular apo B in areas in which lipid was found by oil red O staining.
      Coronary arteries also demonstrated abundant extracellular apo B but failed to
      disclose intracellular apo B in cells with stainable lipid. Immunohistochemical
      detection of intracellular apo B in raised aortic lesions but not in cells of
      coronary lesions suggests that arteries that contain detectable amounts of
      intracellular apo B correspond to arteries that usually have earlier
      atherosclerotic involvement.

PMID- 6370194
TI  - IgA deposition in liver in alcoholic liver disease. An index of progressive
      injury.
AB  - A retrospective study was done to evaluate the prognostic importance of the
      patterns of IgA deposition in the liver in alcoholic liver disease. The patterns
      of IgA deposition in the liver were determined by direct immunofluorescence with
      fluorescein conjugated rabbit antihuman IgA. Twenty of 40 patients showed a
      characteristic continuous pattern, and 20 patients showed the nonspecific
      discontinuous pattern of IgA deposition in the liver. Alcoholic liver disease
      progressed considerably in 14 (70%) of the 20 patients with an initial continuous
      pattern and in three (15%) of the 20 patients with an initial discontinuous
      pattern. Alcoholic liver disease did not progress in six (30%) of 20 patients
      with an initial continuous pattern and in 17 (85%) of the 20 patients with an
      initial discontinuous pattern of IgA deposition in the liver.

PMID- 6370193
TI  - Granuloma annulare. Identification of cells in the cutaneous infiltrate by
      immunoperoxidase techniques.
AB  - To characterize the immunopathologic process of granuloma annulare, frozen
      sections of eight specimens were evaluated with monoclonal antibodies directed
      against T lymphocytes and the monocyte-macrophage series, in conjunction with
      immunoperoxidase techniques and with histochemical staining. The predominant
      lymphocyte was an activated T lymphocyte (Leu 1+, HLA-Dr+) with an excess of
      helper-inducer phenotype (Leu 3a+), as compared with suppressor-cytotoxic
      phenotype (Leu 2a+). OKT-6+ Langerhans' cells were observed in the epidermis, and
      numerous OKT-6+ cells were observed in the perivascular and granulomatous
      infiltrate. The use of four monoclonal antibodies, having specificity against
      peripheral blood monocyte antigens, revealed three different staining patterns in
      the granulomas. Finally, mast cells were present in perivascular and
      granulomatous infiltrates. Our results demonstrate that the cutaneous infiltrate
      of granuloma annulare contains all of the principal cell types that characterize
      cell-mediated immune responses.

PMID- 6370195
TI  - Biological effect of L-asparagine acid hydrazide on Pseudomonas pseudomallei and
      Salmonella typhimurium.

PMID- 6370196
TI  - [Nutritive physiological effect of dietary fats in growing swine rations. 3.
      Effect of sunflower and coconut kernels on protein and fat retention, backfat
      fatty acid pattern and various blood parameters in piglets].
AB  - Two groups, each of 9 castrated male piglets of the German Landrace breed, body
      weight 13-29 kg, were fed ad libitum for a 5 week period in order to determine
      the influence of the fatty acid composition of the dietary fat on protein and fat
      retention. The concentrations of urea, insulin, glucose, free glycerol and
      triglycerides were also determined. That fat in ration I (derived from 27%
      sunflower seed) contained 50% linoleic acid while that of ration II (derived from
      12,5% coconut kernels) had a maximum lauric acid content of 41,8%. The
      relationship between digestible crude protein and ME-content was calculated to be
      similar in both rations. In addition protein quality was calculated to be similar
      in both rations. Protein deposition was determined from both nitrogen and
      comparative slaughter procedures. The results can be summarized as follows: The
      animals fed ration I had a higher daily ME-intake and growth rate than those fed
      ration II, although no great difference was observed in ME required per kg body
      weight gain. The efficiency of protein utilization was significantly better in
      group I and this was associated with a lower blood urea concentration. The
      concentrations of insulin and glucose in the blood, measured before as well as
      20, 45, 60 and 120 minutes following feeding, showed little differences between
      the groups. The triglyceride concentration measured before and 1 and 5 hours
      following feeding was significantly higher (p less than 0,01) in group II. There
      was no significant difference in the protein and fat content of the body as well
      as in the daily protein and fat deposition. The fatty acid composition of the
      back fat was significantly influenced by the fatty acid pattern of the dietary
      fat. In group I the linoleic acid content was 3,6 times higher and the lauric-
      and myristic acid content 11,7 times lower compared to that of group II.

PMID- 6370197
TI  - [Nutritional-physiological effects of dietary fats in rations for growing pigs.
      4. Effects of sunflower oil and coconut oil on protein and fat retention, fatty
      acid pattern of back fat and blood parameters in piglets].
AB  - Rations containing 12% sunflower oil (Ration II) and 12% coconut fat (Ration III)
      were compared with a control ration (Ration I) in a 34 day experiment with
      growing boars of the German Landrace breed (12-30 kg body weight). The
      relationships between DP and ME were held constant for all 3 rations, and because
      of the higher ME contents of the two fat rations, this was achieved by reducing
      the feed intake, relative to that of the control ration. Parameters measured were
      growth, composition at slaughter, the apparent digestibility of the crude
      nutrients and energy, the N-balance and the concentrations of urea, insulin,
      glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol in the blood. In comparison to Ration I,
      the apparent digestibilities of crude protein in Rations II and III were 5 and 4%
      (p less than 0,05) higher, respectively. There was little difference in the
      apparent digestibility of crude fat between the Rations II and III. However,
      large differences in the values were determined depending upon method of
      extraction. There were little differences in the productive performance of the
      animals fed the fat diets. The control animals had, however, a 13% lower growth
      rate (p less than 0,05) when compared at similar ME-intakes. As the energy
      concentration and the growth rate were higher in groups II and III, the feed
      conversion efficiency and the ME required per kg growth were approximately 30 and
      13% lower than that of the control animals. The efficiency of protein utilization
      of the animals in group III was 4% higher (p greater than 0.05) and the blood
      urea concentration 20% lower (p less than 0.05) than that in group II. The values
      for the control animals were intermediate. A similar result was obtained
      concerning the fat content of the animals. The fat content of the animals in
      group III was 15.9% and this was significantly lower (p less than 0.001) than
      that of 21.1% measured in group II. That of the control animals, 18.6%, was not
      significantly different from the above values. The differences in feeding over
      the relatively short period of 34 days lead to marked differences in the fatty
      acid pattern of the backfat. The contents of myristic acid and linoleic acid were
      significantly different between group II and III; for the former values of 0.8%
      and 16.9% were determined, respectively, with corresponding values of 48.7 and
      11.3% for the latter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6370198
TI  - [Viktor Nikolaevich Maiorov (on his 60th birthday)].

PMID- 6370199
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of normal and artifactual hyperchromic brain
      neurons].
AB  - Bernhard's method has been used for revealing condensed chromatin and
      ribonucleoproteid (RNP)-particles. Two types of hyperchromic neurons are
      described. For hyperchromic neurons present in the normal cerebral tissue,
      specific signs are: an essential chromatin condensation as dense clumps of
      various size, normal or slightly increased amount of perichromatin granules
      (RCG), complete absence of fibrillar RNP, presence in all nuclear areas of
      interchromatin granules (ICG). In cytoplasm all polysomes are dissociated into
      separate ribosomes. For artificial hyperchromic neurons specific signs are:
      chromatin condensation as irregular loose clumps interchanged with karyoplasm
      striae, a sharp increase of PCG at a decreased amount of fibrillar RNP-particles
      and a normal size of separate aggregations of ICG, as well as a considerable
      vacuolization of cytoplasm and an essential pericellular edema.

PMID- 6370200
TI  - [Vladimir Arkad'evich Shakhlamov (on his 60th birthday)].

PMID- 6370201
TI  - [Structural bases of the mechanism of lymph formation].

PMID- 6370203
TI  - [Formation and development of the teaching of anatomy in Petersburg in the 18th
      century].

PMID- 6370202
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the pacemaker cells of the sinoatrial node in rats].
AB  - Ultrastructure of the cells generating the action potential, specific for the
      pacemaker of the sinuous-auricular node has been studied. The cells are labelled
      with lanthanum chloride by means of the registrating microelectrode. Two types of
      pacemakers are revealed. The cells of one type contain specific auricular
      granules, while those of the other type do not contain them. The pacemaker-cells
      of the sinuous-auricular node have some peculiarities in the structure of the
      contractile apparatus, mitochondria, Golgi complex, intercellular contacts owing
      to which their morphological identification is possible.

PMID- 6370204
TI  - [50th anniversary of the Chair of Pathological Anatomy of the Donetsk Medical
      Institute].

PMID- 6370205
TI  - [Fibromatoses in children: classification and clinico-morphological
      characteristics].
AB  - Current concepts on fibromatosis are presented, main works dealing with this
      subject are analysed, the existing classifications are discussed. Clinico
      morphological characteristics of individual forms of fibromatosis is given on the
      basis of Allen's classification. The emphasis is made on the difficulties of
      diagnosis of inborn local forms of fibromatosis.

PMID- 6370206
TI  - [M.N. Nikiforov and the Moscow school of pathologists (on the 125th anniversary
      of his birth)].
AB  - The paper is devoted to the well-known Russian pathologist M. N. Nikiforov (1858
      1915), the chief of the chair of pathology in the Moscow University (1857-1915).
      M. N. Nikiforov was a scientist who created a school of pathologists; he was the
      author of the first fundamental textbook of pathology in Russian, the founder of
      the Moscow scientific society of pathologists.

PMID- 6370207
TI  - [Modification of the method of preparation of paraffin blocks].
AB  - The quality of paraffin sections is determined to a considerable degree by the
      properties of paraffin block such as crystal size and spatial homogeneity. A new
      temperature regimen of treatment in preparation of paraffin blocks has been
      developed. After impregnation, pieces of tissue are overlayed with paraffin at a
      temperature of 56-60 degrees C in paper-tin foil dishes and then immediately
      placed in an antifreeze at 0 degree to -5 degrees C. The internal stresses,
      deformations, and microcracks occurring in this procedure are eliminated by
      incubation of the resulting block in a thermostat at 45 degrees C in vapours of
      low-melting fraction of paraffin (2-24 hours) followed by rapid cooling with cold
      air (from -5 degrees to -10 degrees C). The second step of the treatment may also
      be used for improvement of the quality of paraffin blocks after long-term
      storage.

PMID- 6370208
TI  - [Criteria of organ specificity of a tumor].
AB  - On the basis of literature the markers of organ and tissue tumour specificity are
      reviewed. Signs of specific cell differentiation, similarity of tumour cells to
      the homologous cells of normal tissues are found electron-microscopically,
      histochemically (immunohistochemically and histoenzymochemically) in many organ
      nonspecific tumours. Carcinoma cells with the ultrastructural features of
      organospecificity can be considered to be the cells-markers of the organ
      appurtenance of the tumor. Biological tumour markers (oncofetal antigens, ectopic
      hormones and enzymes) revealed until now in the serum and secretes of a tumour
      bearing host, are not specific for a tumour of a single type. The search of
      criteria of tumour organospecificity (so-called biological, ultrastructural and
      histochemical markers) is necessary for precise tumour verification,
      determination of its histo- and cytogenesis and its primary location.

PMID- 6370209
TI  - Experimental and clinical reconstructive surgery of the larynx and trachea.
AB  - Laboratory study was undertaken to define the healing patterns of intramural bone
      and cartilage grafts in the canine trachea. These studies indicate that with
      solid intramural grafting, both displacement and resorption prevent predictably
      successful graft incorporation. With graft failure, intraluminal stenting
      maintained separation of the cricotracheal incisional margins so that strap
      musculature adhered and subsequently fibrosed to provide a rigid and expanded
      anterior wall. The concept of direct strap-muscle intramural grafting for
      tracheal expansion was applied in a clinical setting using eight patients having
      extensive laryngotracheal stenosis. Successful reconstruction occurred in seven
      of the eight patients.

PMID- 6370210
TI  - Occurrence and distribution of GRP-immunoreactive nerve fibres in the respiratory
      tract.
AB  - The occurrence and distribution of nerve fibres containing gastrin-releasing
      peptide (GRP) were investigated in the respiratory tract of several mammals using
      immunocytochemistry. A moderate supply of nerve fibres displaying GRP
      immunoreactivity was seen in the middle ear mucosa, the nasal mucosa and the
      tracheobronchial wall. Generally, the fibres were distributed around blood
      vessels and seromucous glands. In addition, scattered GRP fibres were seen in the
      smooth muscle of the tracheal wall. The distribution of GRP fibres in the
      respiratory tract suggests multiple functions of GRP such as regulation of local
      blood flow, glandular secretion and smooth muscle activity.

PMID- 6370211
TI  - Oral vascular leiomyoma: review of the literature and report of two cases.

PMID- 6370212
TI  - A study of the state and depth of resin penetration into acid-etched enamel.

PMID- 6370213
TI  - The effect of early heating on the expansion of a phosphate bonded investment.

PMID- 6370214
TI  - Chemical analysis, castability, and tensile properties of twenty-one dental base
      metal casting alloys for removable dental appliances.

PMID- 6370215
TI  - Orofacial pain.
AB  - Pain or discomfort in the orofacial region usually has an organic and easily
      detectable cause. When an organic cause is absent or its magnitude is less than
      expected after the degree of concern expressed by the patient, a psychiatric
      factor must be considered. In such cases psychiatric treatment should be arranged
      to complement any necessary organic therapy.

PMID- 6370216
TI  - Neck pain.
AB  - Any structure innervated by the cervical spinal nerves can be a primary source of
      neck pain and referred pain to the head, upper limb or chest wall. The most
      likely sources of chronic pain are the cervical intervertebral discs and the
      cervical zygapophyseal joints. Disc pain can be diagnosed by provocative disc
      stimulation; zygapophyseal joint pain can be diagnosed by local anaesthetic
      blocks of the cervical dorsal rami. Disc pain can be treated by anterior cervical
      fusion and zygapophyseal pain by percutaneous radiofrequency neurotomy.

PMID- 6370217
TI  - Headaches. The general practitioner's view.
AB  - A strategy based on the temporal patterns of disorder has been presented for the
      management of headache. Data derived from the clinical history and a knowledge of
      the common causes of headache enables the general practitioner to diagnose the
      problem in the majority of patients. Difficulty might occur when tension headache
      and migraine occur in the same patient. There is a variety of treatment options
      which offers a challenge for the family doctor in dealing with the problem.
      Symptoms are managed readily but the family doctor should recognise also the
      patient's life difficulties and their influence on the disorder. Such problems
      ensure the general practitioner remains the true family physician and not a mere
      dispenser of tablets.

PMID- 6370218
TI  - Topical corticosteroids.
AB  - Topical corticosteroid therapy has revolutionised the management of many
      dermatological disorders. While treatment usually is effective there are problems
      associated with inappropriate therapy. This article reviews the availability and
      use of topical corticosteroid preparations in the treatment of common
      dermatological conditions.

PMID- 6370219
TI  - Treatment of children with end stage renal failure.

PMID- 6370220
TI  - Bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very low birthweight infants.
AB  - Twenty-four (6%) of 375 infants with birthweights less than or equal to 1500g
      developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD); 16 (15%) of 107 in those less than or
      equal to 100g and 8 (3%) of 268 in those greater than 1000g. The incidence was
      10% in those who required assisted ventilation. Perinatal asphyxia, significant
      respiratory distress, pulmonary interstitial emphysema and patent ductus
      arteriosus were statistically more common in BPD infants compared with the
      remaining 351 very low birthweight infants. Hyaline membrane disease was the
      primary respiratory disease in 54% of BPD infants. The mean durations of oxygen
      and ventilatory therapy were 68 days and 37 days respectively. Twenty-nine
      percent did not require more than 60% oxygen for over 24 hours. Only 38% required
      a peak airway pressure of over 30 cmH2O. Early postnatal growth was satisfactory
      on parenteral nutrition support. No perinatal factor was found to be predictive
      of death from BPD. The prolonged duration of hospital treatment has obvious
      implications to the psychosocial and economic costs of BPD.

PMID- 6370221
TI  - Paediatric dialysis and transplantation experience in Queensland.
AB  - Between 1967 and 1981 27 children 6-15 years of age with end stage renal failure
      were treated in Queensland. The major cause of renal failure was reflux
      nephropathy (10). Actuarial graft survival was 55%, 50% and 35% at one, two and
      five years. Patient survival was 88%, 83% and 63% at one, two and five years.
      Seven deaths occurred, the major cause being hypertension in five children. Since
      1978, patient survival has improved with a 93% survival at 3 years.
      Rehabilitation has been satisfactory with eleven of twelve school-aged children
      now attending school full time.

PMID- 6370222
TI  - Pregnancy after renal transplantation.
AB  - The results of a series of 6 pregnancies (including 1 set of twins) in renal
      transplant patients are presented with a review of the relevant literature. There
      were no fetal anomalies or deaths, or episodes of renal compromise or graft
      rejection. The important complications were hypertension (4), prematurity (4) and
      fetal growth retardation (2).

PMID- 6370223
TI  - Effects of massed practice and cue-controlled relaxation on tic frequency in
      Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome.

PMID- 6370224
TI  - Objective vs subjective assessment of relaxation compliance among anxious
      individuals.

PMID- 6370225
TI  - Neutron scattering and the 30 S ribosomal subunit of E. coli.

PMID- 6370226
TI  - [Occurrence of enterotoxic E. coli in the young dog. Description of probable
      pathogenicity factors].

PMID- 6370227
TI  - [Antibody detection (IFAT, ELISA) in experimental Schistosoma japonicum-infected
      goats].

PMID- 6370228
TI  - Purification and characterization of mouse alcohol dehydrogenase from two inbred
      strains that differ in total liver enzyme activity.
AB  - Alcohol dehydrogenase activity in mouse liver homogenate-supernatants is 1.7
      times greater in the C57BL/10 strain than in the BALB/c strain, regardless of
      whether activity is expressed in units per gram liver, total liver, or milligram
      DNA. The Km values for ethanol and NAD+, approximately 0.4 and 0.03 mM,
      respectively, of enzyme purified from both strains are similar. Moreover, the Ki
      for NADH, 1 microM, the pH optimum for ethanol oxidation, 10.5, and the Vmax for
      ethanol oxidation, 160 min-1, for ADH from the C57BL/10 and BALB/c strains are
      similar. Therefore, the difference in ADH activity in the two strains cannot be
      due to differences in the catalytic properties of the enzyme. The electrophoretic
      and isoelectric focusing patterns and two-dimensional tryptic peptide maps of the
      purified enzyme from both strains are identical. Thus the amino acid sequences of
      enzyme from C57BL/10 and BALB/c mice must also be identical or very similar. The
      difference in ADH activity in the two strains is most likely the result of
      genetic differences in the content of ADH protein in liver.

PMID- 6370229
TI  - Variation in the biochemical properties of the Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase
      allozymes.
AB  - Thirteen Drosophila Adh variants have been characterized with respect to gene
      expression, substrate preference, thermostability, and specific activity. The
      results suggest that the variants may be grouped into two biochemical classes,
      typified by the properties of the two most common enzyme forms, ADH-F and ADH-S.
      Membership of these classes cannot be predicted from electrophoretic mobility,
      nor is any simple classification possible with regard to the characteristics of
      level of gene expression (in terms of ADH activity or ADH protein) or
      thermostability of the gene product.

PMID- 6370230
TI  - Polymorphism of human liver alcohol dehydrogenase: identification of ADH2 2-1 and
      ADH2 2-2 phenotypes in the Japanese by isoelectric focusing.
AB  - Liver homogenate-supernatants from most Japanese exhibit an "atypical" pH optimum
      for ethanol oxidation at pH 8.8 instead of 10.5, the "typical" pH-activity
      optimum. It has been proposed that atypical livers contain alcohol dehydrogenase
      isozymes with beta 2 subunits while typical livers contain isozymes with beta 1
      subunits, both produced by the ADH2 gene. Because it is difficult to
      differentiate the atypical ADH2 2-2 phenotype from the ADH2 2-1 phenotype by
      starch gel electrophoresis, an agarose isoelectric focusing procedure was
      developed that clearly separated the atypical Japanese livers into two groups, A1
      and A2. The beta beta isozymes in A1 and A2 livers were purified. Type A1 livers
      contained a single beta beta isozyme with an atypical pH-rate profile; it was
      designated beta 2 beta 2. Three beta beta isozymes were isolated from A2 livers,
      two of which corresponded to beta 1 beta 1 and beta 2 beta 2. A third, absent
      from the typical and the atypical A1 livers, had an intermediate mobility; it was
      designated beta 2 beta 1. Type A1 livers are, therefore, the homozygous ADH2 2-2
      phenotype, and type A2 livers, the heterozygous ADH2 2-1 phenotype. The ADH2 2-2
      phenotype was found in 53% of 194 Japanese livers, and the ADH2 2-1 phenotype, in
      31%. Accordingly, the frequency of ADH2(2) was 0.68.

PMID- 6370231
TI  - Sequence variability in the retinal-attachment domain of mammalian rhodopsins.
AB  - Ovine rhodopsin was regenerated with 11-cis-[15-3H]retinal and cleaved in situ by
      Staphylococcus aureus V8 proteinase to give two membrane-bound fragments of Mr 27
      000 (V8-L) and 12 000 (V8-S). After purification of the proteolysed complex by
      affinity chromatography with concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B, [3H]retinal was
      covalently linked to the protein by reduction with borohydride. The purified [3H]
      retinyl V8-S fragment was cleaved with CNBr and trifluoroacetic acid, the
      resulting peptides resolved by gel filtration and the [3H]retinyl peptide
      sequenced. The protocol developed for the isolation and sequencing of this region
      of the ovine protein was applied directly, and reproducibly, to bleached and
      unregenerated porcine and equine opsins. Comparisons of the primary structures of
      the fragments reveals marked variation in the sequence immediately after the
      lysine residue shown in the ovine protein to be the attachment point for the
      aldehyde group of the chromophore. Mutable positions are localized in regions
      previously predicted as adopting nonregular or distorted conformations and hint
      at structural arrangements that may provide a better understanding of the
      spectral and functional properties of the visual pigment.

PMID- 6370232
TI  - The regulatory properties of yeast pyruvate kinase.
AB  - The kinetics of pyruvate kinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied in
      assays at pH 6.2 where the relationships between the initial velocities of the
      catalysed reaction and the concentrations of the substrates ADP,
      phosphoenolpyruvate and Mg2+ are non-hyperbolic. The findings were represented
      empirically by the exponential model for a regulatory enzyme. The analysis shows
      that ADP, phosphoenolpyruvate and Mg2+ display positive homotropic interaction in
      their binding behaviour with (calculated) Hill slopes at half-saturation equal to
      1.06, 2.35 and 3.11 respectively [Ainsworth (1977) J. Theor. Biol. 68, 391-413].
      The direct heterotropic interaction between ADP and phosphoenolpyruvate is small
      and negative, but the overall interaction between these substrates becomes
      positive when their positive interactions with Mg2+ are taken into account. The
      heterotropic interactions of the substrates, though smaller in magnitude, are
      comparable with those revealed by the rabbit muscle enzyme [Ainsworth,
      Kinderlerer & Gregory (1983) Biochem. J. 209, 401-411], and it is suggested that
      they have a common origin in charge interactions within the active site.

PMID- 6370233
TI  - Regulation of peripheral lipogenesis by glucagon. Inability of the hormone to
      inhibit lipogenesis in rat mammary acini in vitro in the presence or absence of
      agents which alter its effects on adipocytes.
AB  - The rate of lipogenesis in acini isolated from mammary glands of mid-lactating
      rats was studied by measuring the rate of incorporation of 3H from 3H2O into
      total lipid and fatty acids, with glucose as substrate. Glucagon did not affect
      the rate of lipogenesis in acini. Glucagon did not antagonize the maximal
      stimulatory effect of insulin, nor did it alter the insulin dose-response curve.
      Theophylline, at concentrations up to 20 mM, was a potent inhibitor of
      lipogenesis in acini. Glucagon did not augment the degree of inhibition of
      lipogenesis induced by 5 mM-theophylline. The results suggest that mammary-gland
      acini do not respond to glucagon in vitro under conditions in which the hormone
      induces inhibition of lipogenesis (the present paper) and of individual key steps
      in the lipogenic pathway in adipocytes [Zammit & Corstorphine (1982) Biochem. J.
      208, 783-788; Green (1983) Biochem. J. 212, 189-195]. In agreement with these
      observations, we could detect only a minimal degree of specific binding of 125I
      labelled glucagon to acini which bound insulin normally. This difference in
      responsiveness of mammary and adipose cell preparations in vitro to glucagon
      suggests that the two tissues may be differentially responsive to changes in the
      circulating insulin/glucagon concentration ratio in vivo. The significance of
      these findings for the regulation of substrate utilization for lipogenesis in the
      two tissues during lactation is discussed.

PMID- 6370234
TI  - Assay of adenosine 5'-P1-tetraphospho-P4-5"'-adenosine and adenosine 5'-P1
      tetraphospho-P4-5"'-guanosine in Physarum polycephalum and other eukaryotes. An
      isocratic high-pressure liquid-chromatography method.
AB  - A5'pppp5'A has been proposed to serve as a molecular signal that triggers DNA
      replication. When published methods proved to be inadequate for the assay of
      A5'pppp5'A in Physarum polycephalum by h.p.l.c. (high-pressure liquid
      chromatography), a set of purification procedures was developed that allowed
      assay of as little as 2pmol of A5'pppp5'A. A5'pppp5'A was purified from cellular
      extract by covalent boronate chromatography, treated with alkaline phosphatase to
      hydrolyse residual mononucleotides and analysed by isocratic ion-exchange
      h.p.l.c. The analysis was facilitated by a pre-column switching procedure that
      allowed early-eluted species to be diverted from the analytical column. By using
      this procedure A5'pppp5'A has been detected in Physarum polycephalum (1.4 pmol/mg
      of protein), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (3.6 pmol/mg of protein) and rat liver (3.3
      pmol/mg of protein). In each case a minor peak was also seen, which was
      identified as A5'pppp5'G. The identity of both peaks was confirmed by co-elution
      with standards on isocratic and gradient h.p.l.c. and treatment with enzymes,
      including a dinucleoside polyphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase from Physarum
      polycephalum.

PMID- 6370235
TI  - Prolactin-induced alpha-lactalbumin activity in mammary explants from pregnant
      rabbits. A role for epidermal growth factor and glucocorticoids.
AB  - Exogenous prolactin alone can induce alpha-lactalbumin activity in rabbit mammary
      explants. Under these conditions, exogenous corticosol has no effect. However,
      low levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF) can markedly inhibit the induction by
      prolactin, and this inhibitory effect, in turn, can be prevented by cortisol. The
      steroid can, in fact, convert EGF from a potent inhibitor into an agent which
      enhances the induction. None of the other growth factors tested inhibits
      induction of alpha-lactalbumin activity by prolactin, and no other type of
      steroid tested overcomes the effect of EGF. The results suggest that, under
      physiological conditions, glucocorticoid may be essential for induction of alpha
      lactalbumin activity in the rabbit in order to override the effect of serum EGF.

PMID- 6370237
TI  - Monosaccharide transport in the mammary gland of the intact lactating rat.
AB  - The Michaelis-Menten equation for the utilization of competing substrates was
      applied to the uptake of 2-deoxy[3H]glucose into the mammary gland of
      anaesthetized lactating rats. Intracellular water was calculated from total
      tissue water and sucrose space. Fed rats had a mean transport capacity of 2.2
      mumol/min per g of tissue, giving an actual glucose transport in vivo of 1.1
      mumol/min per g. Transport decreased by 90% on overnight starvation and returned
      to normal by 2 h of re-feeding. Similar changes were observed in the 1 min or 5
      min transport of circulating 3-O-methylglucose. Transport of 3-O-methylglucose in
      starved rats was restored towards normal by insulin. In fed rats it increased
      between parturition and day 12 of lactation. The findings support the proposal
      that transport is a rate-limiting factor in the mammary utilization of
      carbohydrate.

PMID- 6370236
TI  - The entry of enveloped viruses into cells by endocytosis.

PMID- 6370238
TI  - Extracts of human articular cartilage contain an inhibitor of tissue
      metalloproteinases.
AB  - When human articular cartilage is extracted with 2M-guanidinium hydrochloride at
      pH 7.5, an inhibitor is obtained that blocks the activity of three
      metalloproteinases, including collagenase. Molecular-sieve chromatography of the
      inhibitor gives an Mr value for the inhibitor of 28 500. The inhibitor is stable
      to heat (60 degrees C, 1h) and acid (pH2, 24 degrees C, 10 min). It is destroyed
      by trypsin and by reduction and alkylation. It is slowly inactivated by
      aminophenylmercuric acetate. It binds to concanavalin A-Sepharose and is eluted
      with alpha-D-1-O-methyl glucopyranoside. Complexes of enzyme and inhibitor are
      not re-activated by aminophenylmercuric acetate and only partially so by high
      levels of trypsin. These properties indicate that this inhibitor is a member of
      the TIMP (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases) class. Such an inhibitor,
      previously found in tissue culture and amniotic fluid, is now shown to be
      directly extractable from tissue.

PMID- 6370239
TI  - Quantitative studies of the rate of insulin internalization in isolated rat
      hepatocytes.
AB  - We studied internalization of 125I-labelled insulin in isolated rat hepatocytes.
      Using the acidification technique, we were able to dissociate the ligand from its
      cell-surface receptors, and thus to separate internalized from surface-bound
      insulin. Because during the first 5 min of incubation of 125I-labelled insulin
      with freshly isolated hepatocytes there is no loss of internalized label, the
      ratio of the amount of internalized ligand to the amount of cell-surface-bound
      ligand may serve as an index of insulin internalization. Within the first 10 min
      of insulin's interaction with hepatocytes, the plot of the above ratio as a
      function of time yields a straight line. The slope of this line is referred to as
      the endocytic rate constant (Ke) for insulin and denotes the probability with
      which the insulin-receptor complex is internalized in 1 min. At the insulin
      concentration of 0.295 ng/ml, the Ke is 0.049 min-1. It is independent of insulin
      concentration until the latter exceeds 1 ng/ml. At the insulin concentration of
      3.2 ng/ml, the Ke accelerates to 0.131 min-1. With the Ke being the probability
      of insulin-receptor-complex internalization, 4.9% of occupied insulin receptors
      will be internalized in 1 min at an insulin concentration of 0.295 ng/ml, and
      13.1% of occupied insulin receptors will be internalized in 1 min at 3.2 ng/ml.
      When the insulin concentration decreases from 3.2 to 0.3 ng/ml, the Ke decreases
      accordingly. The half-time of occupied receptor internalization is 15.4 min at
      the lower insulin concentration and 5.3 min at the higher insulin concentration.

PMID- 6370240
TI  - Modified uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity in a yeast mutant which mimics
      porphyria cutanea tarda.
AB  - The isolation of a new mutant Sm1 strain of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is
      described: this strain was partially defective in haem formation and accumulated
      large amounts of Zn-porphyrins. Genetic analysis showed that the porphyrin
      accumulation was under the control of a single nuclear recessive mutation.
      Biochemical analysis showed that the main porphyrins accumulated in the cells
      were uroporphyrin and heptacarboxyporphyrin, mostly of the isomer-III type. The
      excreted porphyrins comprised mainly dehydroisocoproporphyrin. Analysis of
      uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity in the cell-free extract revealed a 70
      80% decrease of activity in the mutant and showed that the relative rates of the
      different decarboxylation steps were modified with the mutant enzyme. A 2-3-fold
      increase in 5-aminolaevulinate synthase activity was measured in the mutant. The
      biochemical characteristics of the Sm1 mutant are very similar to those described
      for porphyria cutanea tarda.

PMID- 6370241
TI  - Characterization of the C1q receptor on a human macrophage cell line, U937.
AB  - The binding of C1q to the human macrophage cell line U937 has been studied.
      Fluorescence microscopy with fluorescein-conjugated F(ab')2 anti-C1q antibody
      showed that 100% of the cell population is able to bind exogenous C1q. Monomeric
      C1q binding to U937 cells is very weak at normal ionic strength (I0.15) and was
      therefore investigated at I0.07, conditions which stabilize the binding. However,
      aggregation of C1q on dextran sulphate or a lipid A-rich lipopolysaccharide
      allowed a firm, binding at I0.15. Quantitative binding studies with monomeric
      125I-C1q showed a concentration-dependent, saturable, specific and reversible
      binding involving specific membrane receptors. Scatchard plots of C1q binding
      indicated [1.6 +/- 0.7 (1 S.D.)] X 10(6) sites per cell with an equilibrium
      constant of (2.9 +/- 1.8) X 10(7) M-1 at I0.07. The location of the molecule
      region mediating C1q binding was established with collagen-like fragments
      prepared by partial pepsin digestion, confirming earlier results obtained by
      inhibition studies.

PMID- 6370243
TI  - Effects of insulin in vitro on lipogenesis and fatty acid uptake in white adipose
      tissue of Zucker rats aged 10 days.
AB  - Adipose-tissue lipogenesis and fatty acid uptake in vitro were higher in obese
      than in lean Zucker rats aged 10 days. On average, insulin stimulated each of
      these two metabolic pathways to the same extent in both genotypes. However, in
      fa/fa pups, we observed that insulin stimulation decreased when adipose-tissue
      weight increased.

PMID- 6370242
TI  - The heterogeneity of bovine growth hormone. Extraction from the pituitary of
      components with different biological and immunological properties.
AB  - Bovine growth hormone (somatotropin) was extracted from anterior pituitaries and
      fractionated into four protein peaks (A-D) by chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel.
      Analysis by high-pressure liquid chromatography and sodium dodecyl
      sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis indicated that the homogeneity of the
      material increased from fraction A through to D. The properties of the fractions
      were examined in the following manner: immunological activity (radioimmunoassays
      for ruminant growth hormone and prolactin); growth-promoting activity (rat tibia
      test); lipolytic activity (release of glycerol from rat epididymal fat in the
      presence of dexamethasone); diabetogenic activity (rate of glucose transport in
      epididymal fat of hypophysectomized rats and intravenous insulin-tolerance tests
      in goats). None of the fractions contained immunoreactive prolactin and all were
      equally lipolytic. Although fraction A contained a small quantity of
      immunoreactive growth hormone it had no growth-promoting or diabetogenic
      activities. Both fractions B and C were diabetogenic and contained high
      concentrations of immunoreactive growth hormone, consistent with their growth
      promoting activity. Although the growth-promoting activity of fraction D was
      higher than that of the other three fractions, it was not diabetogenic and was
      only weakly immunoreactive. These results for bovine growth hormone support the
      contention that growth hormone, as commonly extracted, is a mixture of different
      molecular forms and that these different metabolic properties of the hormone
      might be explained in terms of this heterogeneity.

PMID- 6370244
TI  - Selective inhibition of the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of the 95,000
      dalton subunit of the insulin receptor by TAME or BAEE.
AB  - Added N alpha-p-tosyl-l-arginine methyl ester or N alpha-benzoyl-l-arginine ethyl
      ester inhibited the stimulation by insulin of phosphorylation of the 95,000
      dalton subunit of the insulin receptor both in a partially purified insulin
      receptor fraction from rat adipocytes and in a highly purified insulin receptor
      preparation from human placenta. N-alpha-p-tosyl-l-lysine chloromethyl ketone, N
      alpha-p-tosyl-l-lysine methyl ester, or N-acetyl-l-phenylalanine ethyl ester were
      much less potent, while N-benzoyl-1-alanine methyl ester was without effect.
      Inhibition of the phosphorylation by the arginine analogues did not require
      preincubation of the insulin receptor with inhibitors in the presence of insulin
      prior to phosphorylation. Inhibition by N alpha-p-tosyl-l-arginine methyl ester
      was decreased by preincubation of the receptor fraction with cold ATP and MnCl2.
      These results suggest that N alpha-p-tosyl-l-arginine methyl ester inhibits an
      initial ATP and Mn2+ dependent reaction in insulin-stimulated phosphorylation
      process.

PMID- 6370245
TI  - Enhanced luminescent enzyme immunoassays for rubella antibody, immunoglobulin E
      and digoxin.
AB  - A novel firefly luciferin- enhanced luminescent procedure for the quantitation of
      horseradish peroxidase labels has been directly incorporated into established
      enzyme immunoassays. The procedure is rapid and sensitive and uses readily
      available reagents. Light emission from the enhanced reaction is high and
      relatively constant and thus easily measured. The luminescence procedure has been
      successfully incorporated into immunometric assays for rubella antibody and human
      IgE and into a competitive immunoassay for digoxin.

PMID- 6370246
TI  - Regulation of L-pyruvate kinase activity by insulin and glycolytic intermediates.
AB  - The presence of insulin and various carbohydrates in long term cultures of
      hepatocytes was studied to examine the mechanism by which insulin and glycolytic
      metabolites regulate L-pyruvate kinase activity. When hepatocytes were isolated
      from a control rat and cultured in the presence of insulin, a constant level of
      enzyme activity (16 EU/mg DNA) was maintained for 12 days. The L-pyruvate kinase
      activity in hepatocytes from refed rats initially was elevated (45 EU/mg DNA) and
      decreased to control values by the 5th day in culture. Cells isolated from a
      fasted rat initially contained a low level of L-pyruvate kinase activity (5 EU/mg
      DNA) which increased to control values by the 8th day in culture. The enzyme
      activity was 5 EU/mg DNA when control cells were cultured for 4 days in medium
      containing either glucose, glycerol or fructose without insulin; 10 EU/mg DNA in
      medium containing galactose and insulin but without glucose, glycerol or
      fructose; and 20 EU/mg DNA in medium containing both insulin and either glucose,
      glycerol or fructose. It is suggested that insulin is essential for the induction
      and maintainance of L-pyruvate kinase activity, that carbohydrates in the absence
      of insulin are unable to maintain the enzyme activity in cultures of hepatocytes,
      and that insulin and glycolytic metabolites may act synergistically to increase
      the activity of L-pyruvate kinase by increasing the synthesis of the enzyme.

PMID- 6370247
TI  - Acute effects of insulin on surface insulin receptors in isolated hepatocytes.
      Evidence for a recycling pathway.
AB  - Isolated rat hepatocytes were incubated for 1 h at 37 degrees C with 10 nM
      insulin. Following washout of insulin, cells were incubated with [125I]
      monoiodoinsulin at 15 degrees C to assess surface insulin binding. Preincubation
      with 10 nM insulin did not cause a decrease in insulin binding. Scatchard
      analysis confirmed that insulin receptor number remained constant. In the
      presence of 200 microM chloroquine or 25 microM monensin, surface insulin binding
      after preincubation with 10 nM insulin fell to 81.1 +/- 1.2% or 39.0 +/- 2.7% of
      control, respectively. It is suggested that the maintenance of insulin receptor
      number following acute insulin treatment in vitro is due to an insulin receptor
      recycling pathway, possibly involving lysosomes and/or the Golgi apparatus.

PMID- 6370248
TI  - Microcin 7: purification and properties.
AB  - Microcin 7 is an antibiotic peptide, produced and excreted to the culture medium
      by E. coli strains harboring the plasmid pRYC7. This peptide was extracted from
      the culture media by adsorbing it on octadecyl silica. It was purified by gel
      filtration on Sephadex G-25 and reverse phase high performance liquid
      chromatography. Its amino acid composition is the following: Ala (0.8), Arg
      (1.9), Asx (1.9), Gly (1.5), Met (0.8) and Thr (0.9). The purified peptide dose
      not react with ninhydrin and it is resistant to carboxypeptidase degradation,
      indicating that the molecule may be a cyclic or end-blocked oligopeptide.

PMID- 6370249
TI  - Organ specific alcohol metabolism: placental chi-ADH.
AB  - Human placenta contains a single detectable isozyme of alcohol dehydrogenase that
      has been isolated and characterized. It migrates toward the anode on starch gel
      electrophoresis and can be stained with pentanol but not ethanol as substrate.
      Its kinetic and molecular characteristics are identical with those of the
      recently discovered chi-ADH (Class III) isozyme from human liver. Placental ADH
      is present in the cytosol of this organ in small amounts, 6 mg/kg fresh tissue.
      It oxidizes ethanol very slowly--even at ethanol concentrations that would
      reflect intoxication when found in serum. Thus, placental alcohol dehydrogenase
      cannot play a significant role in the ethanol metabolism of pregnant women.

PMID- 6370250
TI  - A DNA-binding protein from E. coli isolation, characterization and its
      relationship with proteins H1 and B1.
AB  - A protein of Mr 16,000 (protein 16 K) which tightly binds to DNA has been
      isolated from E. coli. The amino acid composition and amino-terminal amino acid
      sequence of this protein have been determined. On the basis of its physico
      chemical characteristics the protein 16 K was shown to be identical to the
      protein H1 [Cukier-Kahn et al. (1972) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 69, 3643-3647;
      Spassky and Buc (1977) Eur. J. Biochem. 81, 79-90] which corresponds itself to
      the protein B1 [Bakaev (1981) Molekulyarnaya Biologya 15, 1350-1362].

PMID- 6370251
TI  - Site-directed mutagenesis of cys148 in the lac carrier protein of Escherichia
      coli.
AB  - The lac y gene of Escherichia coli which encodes the lac carrier protein has been
      modified by oligonucleotide-directed, site-specific mutagenesis such that cys148
      is converted to a glycine residue. Cells bearing the mutated lac y gene exhibit
      initial rates of lactose transport that are about 4-fold lower than cells bearing
      the wild type gene on a recombinant plasmid. Furthermore, transport activity is
      less sensitive to inactivation by N-ethylmaleimide, and strikingly, galactosyl 1
      thio-beta-D-galactopyranoside affords no protection against inactivation. The
      findings suggest that although cys148 is essential for substrate protection
      against sulfhydryl inactivation, it is not obligatory for lactose: proton symport
      and that another sulfhydryl group elsewhere within the lac carrier protein may be
      required for full activity.

PMID- 6370252
TI  - Partial amino acid sequence of the heavy and light chains of botulinum neurotoxin
      type A.
AB  - The dichain (nicked) type A botulinum neurotoxin is a protein (mol. wt. 145,000)
      composed of a heavy and a light chain (mol. wt. 97,000 and 53,000, respectively)
      that are held together by disulfide bond(s). We report here the sequence of the
      first 17 amino acid residues of the light chain, and the first 10 residues of the
      heavy chain. The heavy chain was isolated from the neurotoxin by two different
      methods, while the light chain was isolated by the only available method. The
      identical amino acid sequence was found in both preparations of heavy chain. Two
      samples of the light chain isolated from two separately prepared batches of the
      neurotoxin also had identical sequences.

PMID- 6370253
TI  - Sequence of tRNA Ile IAU from brewer's yeast.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of tRNAIle from brewer's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
      was determined. Its primary structure is pG-G-U-C-U-C-U-U-m1G-m2G- C-C-C-A-G-D-D
      G-G-D-D-A-A-G-G-C-A-C-C-G-U-G-C-U-I-A-U-t6 A-A-C-G-C-G-G-G-GA-D-m5 C-A-G-C-G-G-T
      psi-C-G-m1 A-U-C-C-C-G-C-U-A-G-A-G-A-C-C-A-C-C-A. Its anticodon is I-A-U. It
      should therefore recognize the three isoleucine codons and is for this reason
      probably the only isoacceptor tRNA for isoleucine in brewer's yeast. It presents
      a large homology with its counterpart from Torulopsis utilis (87%).

PMID- 6370254
TI  - Trp holorepressor-trp operator interaction studied by protein distribution
      analysis.
AB  - Trp repressor protein of Escherichia coli (Mr 24,700) undergoes a conformational
      change upon interaction with L-tryptophan that enables the resulting binary
      complex to bind with high specificity to several operator targets in double
      stranded DNA. By protein distribution analysis it was shown that a significant
      fraction of Trp repressor is inert in operator binding. The equilibrium
      dissociation constant for Trp holorepressor-Trp operator interaction is 6.7 nM at
      20 degrees in 0.05M NaCl, pH 7.4. The Trp holorepressor-trp operator complex
      consists of one molecule of each of the participating species, even at high molar
      ratios of protein to DNA.

PMID- 6370255
TI  - Glyoxalase-I activity and cell cycle regulation in yeast.
AB  - The status of glyoxalase-I was explored in exponentially growing and G1 arrested
      temperature sensitive (ts) cell division cycle (cdc) mutants of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae. It was observed that the specific activity of this enzyme was
      correlated with overall growth status. The activity was high in actively growing
      cells and was low in G1 arrested cells. Specific activities of glyoxalase-I were
      also low in G1 arrested prolonged stationary phase (PSP) cells of S. cerevisiae
      and Candida albicans. The activity of glyoxalase-I recovered when G1 arrested S.
      cerevisiae (ts) cells were allowed to regrow under permissive conditions. Results
      demonstrate that although glyoxalase-I activity is a good indicator of cell
      growth status, it is not involved in cell cycle regulation of this eukaryotic
      organism.

PMID- 6370256
TI  - Enzymatic repair of O-alkylated thymidine residues in DNA: involvement of a O4
      methylthymine-DNA methyltransferase and a O2-methylthymine DNA glycosylase.
AB  - Alkylation of poly(dT) by N-[methyl-3H] (N-nitrosomethylurea) and subsequent
      annealing with poly(dA) yield a substrate containing O2 and O4-methylthymidine, 3
      methylthymidine and phosphotriesters. In an in vitro assay using this substrate,
      cell extracts from Escherichia coli catalyse i) the transfer of the O4-methyl
      present in O4 methylthymidine to a protein which becomes alkylated; ii) the
      release of O2-methylthymine by a glycosylase activity. The two DNA repair
      activities described above appear to be involved in the adaptive response.

PMID- 6370257
TI  - Facilitation of electrofusion of mouse lymphoma cells by the proteolytic action
      of proteases.
AB  - Cell fusion of mouse lymphoma (L5178Y) was achieved by applying electrical pulses
      under dielectrophoresis. The presence of dispase, pronase or trypsin facilitated
      the electric pulse-induced cell fusion. Heat-inactivated pronase was no longer
      effective. Protease inhibitors (aprotinin and p-tosyl-L-lysine
      chloromethylketone) suppressed the effect of trypsin. Even in the absence of
      proteases, the cells pretreated with dispase or pronase underwent fusion with
      high probabilities, as far as free calcium ions were present in the external
      solution. It is concluded that facilitation of electrofusion by proteases is due
      to their proteolytic activities.

PMID- 6370258
TI  - Mechanisms subserving insulin action in the gonad: evidence that insulin induces
      specific phosphorylation of its immunoprecipitable receptor on ovarian cells.
AB  - To test the capacity of insulin to work through a classical insulin-receptor
      pathway in the ovary, cultured swine granulosa cells were treated with insulin
      and/or increasing concentrations of insulin-receptor antiserum. Insulin-receptor
      antiserum but not control serum significantly (greater than 85%) attenuated
      insulin's stimulation of progesterone biosynthesis. Moreover, in broken-cell
      preparations, insulin but not desoctapeptide insulin or somatomedins induced
      specific phosphorylation of the 95,000-dalton, immunoprecipitated beta subunit of
      the insulin receptor on ovarian cells. These observations provide the first
      evidence for discrete biochemical actions of insulin at the level of the cell
      membrane receptor for insulin in gonadal cells.

PMID- 6370259
TI  - Structure of a bacterial photosynthetic membrane: integrity of reaction centers
      following proteolysis and detergent solubilization.
AB  - The photosynthetic membranes of the purple bacterium Rhodopseudomonas viridis are
      composed of a semi-crystalline lattice of subunits. Proteolysis of isolated
      membranes with trypsin or pronase results in the degradation of polypeptides
      associated with the photosynthetic reaction center. However, two low molecular
      weight peptides which may form the light-harvesting complex survive the enzymatic
      treatment. The proteolysis does not affect the major absorbance peak (830 nm)
      associated with the reaction center. However, treatment of proteolyzed membranes
      with detergents such as LDAO abolishes the 830 nm absorbance peak. The 830 nm
      peak is stable following LDAO solubilization of non-proteolyzed membranes. These
      results suggest that a combination of covalent and non-covalent interactions are
      important in maintaining the configuration of the reaction center, and are
      consistent with a model of membrane organization in which the light-harvesting
      components are buried in a lipid phase of the membrane and reaction center
      components form the large structures which electron microscope studies have shown
      to extend from either membrane surface.

PMID- 6370260
TI  - Differences in coenzyme specificity of the N5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine
      methyltransferases of various species: implications for corrin binding loci.
AB  - Investigations of the coenzyme specificity of N5-methyltetrahydrofolate
      homocysteine methyltransferases of diverse biological origin revealed previously
      unrecognized differences between Escherichia coli methyltransferase and the
      corresponding enzymes of other species. Cyanocobalamin (CNCbl) actively supports
      methyltransferase in extracts of animal tissues and E. coli. Cobinamide is more
      active than CNCbl with rat liver methyltransferase; however, it is non
      competitively inhibitory with E. coli enzyme. E. coli methyltransferase, but not
      rat liver enzyme, is competitively inhibited by alpha-ribazole 3'-phosphate and
      5,6-dimethyl-benzimidazole, two moieties of the nucleotide loop. This suggests
      that animal enzyme binds its corrinoid coenzyme at a site on the corrin macro
      ring, while E. coli enzyme binds to the nucleotide loop as well as the macro
      ring.

PMID- 6370261
TI  - The binding of sulfonamides to horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase.
AB  - The binding of sulfonamides to the active site of horse liver alcohol
      dehydrogenase has been studied by their effect on affinity labelling and steady
      state kinetics. Affinity labelling with iodoacetate and BIP has been used to
      study binding to free enzyme. The unsubstituted sulfonamide, sulfanilamide (I),
      shows very weak binding compared to the other sulfonamides tested. Most important
      for binding is the type of substituent attached to the parent sulfonamide,
      particularly when as in sulfathiazole this is a heterocycle which binds to the
      catalytic zinc atom of the enzyme. For sulfathiazole the dissociation constant
      from the enzyme is pH dependent showing two pKa values. The lower at pH 7 is the
      pKa of the drug itself, while that at pH 9 agrees with the ionization of water
      bound to the catalytic zinc ion. Steady state kinetics have been carried out at
      pH 7.0 and 10.0 to examine sulfonamide binding to the enzyme when coenzyme is
      attached. Both NAD+ and NADH induce substrate competitive sulfonamide binding.
      Likewise sulfathiazole accelerates the dissociation of NADH from the enzyme and
      SO Vmax for alcohol oxidation. The latter like stimulation of the affinity
      labelling reaction with iodoacetate is considered to result from binding of the
      thiazole ring to the catalytic zinc ion. With all the sulfonamides examined
      hydrophobic binding and charge are important in determining affinity to the
      active site and the mode of binding. Sulfonamides containing pyrazole or
      imidazole rings can be important in alcohol therapy.

PMID- 6370262
TI  - Ethanol metabolism in vivo by the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system in deermice
      lacking alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH).
AB  - To assess the importance of non-ADH ethanol metabolism, ADH-negative and ADH
      positive deermice were fed liquid diets containing ethanol or isocaloric
      carbohydrate for 2-4 weeks. Blood ethanol disappearance rate increased
      significantly after chronic ethanol feeding in both strains. Although at low
      ethanol concentrations (between 5 and 10 mM) there was no significant difference
      between ethanol-fed and pair-fed control animals, at high ethanol concentrations
      (between 40 and 70 mM) blood ethanol elimination rates were increased
      significantly after chronic ethanol feeding in both ADH-positive and ADH-negative
      animals. There was no significant effect of the catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4
      triazole on the ethanol elimination/rates in both strains. Whereas catalase and
      ADH activities were not altered after chronic ethanol treatment, the activity of
      the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS) was enhanced three to four times
      in both strains, and microsomal cytochrome P-450 content was also increased
      significantly. When MEOS activity was expressed per cytochrome P-450 content, it
      was higher in ADH-negative than in ADH-positive animals, and it increased after
      ethanol administration. When microsomal proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, ethanol-fed animals had a
      distinct band which reflected the increase in microsomal cytochrome P-450 content
      and seemed to reflect a unique form of cytochrome P-450 induced by ethanol. Thus,
      despite the absence of the ADH pathway, a large amount of ethanol was metabolized
      by MEOS in ADH-negative deermice; this was associated with increased blood
      ethanol elimination rates, enhanced MEOS activity, and quantitative and
      qualitative changes of cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 6370263
TI  - Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: an overview.

PMID- 6370264
TI  - The insulin receptor: its structure and function.

PMID- 6370265
TI  - Inhibition by gossypol of oxidoreductases from Trypanosoma cruzi.
AB  - The effects of gossypol, a polyphenolic compound isolated from the cotton plant
      upon six oxidoreductases from cultured epimastigotes of Typanosoma cruzi were
      studied. Gossypol was a powerful inhibitor of the alpha-hydroxyacid and malate
      dehydrogenases, NAD-linked enzymes, and of glutamate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme
      and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, NADP-dependent enzymes. The drug did not
      have an effect on succinate dehydrogenase, a flavoprotein. The Ki values with
      respect to substrate were 0.73, 0.3 and 3.5 microM for alpha-hydroxyacid, malate
      and glutamate dehydrogenases, respectively, and 1.1, 0.19 and 7.8 microM with
      respect to the coenzyme. Inhibition was noncompetitive with respect to substrate
      and uncompetitive in relation to the coenzyme.

PMID- 6370266
TI  - Are the decreases in hepatic cytochrome P-450 and other drug-metabolising enzymes
      caused by indomethacin in vivo mediated by intestinal bacterial endotoxins? 16,16
      Dimethylprostaglandin F2 alpha prevents decreases in hepatic drug-metabolising
      enzymes due to exogenous endotoxin.
AB  - Administration of either indomethacin (8.5 mg/kg) or E. coli endotoxin (3.5
      mg/kg) to rats caused significant decreases in a variety of drug-metabolising
      enzyme activities. Either agent markedly decreased biphenyl 4-hydroxylase by 72
      80% and caused lesser decreases (21-64%) in cyt. P-450, aminopyrine N
      demethylase, ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), benzyloxyphenoxazone O
      debenzylase (BPOD), cyt. b5, NADPH-cyt. c reductase, NADH-cyt. b5 reductase,
      epoxide hydrolase (EH) and glucuronyl transferase (GT). The decreases in GT (21
      22%) were significantly less than in cyt. P-450 (45-57%). Sulphotransferase was
      not affected by either indomethacin or endotoxin. The overall pattern of relative
      decreases in the different enzymes was similar for either indomethacin or
      endotoxin. Four activities, however, were affected to a significantly greater
      extent by indomethacin than by endotoxin at 2-6 mg/kg: EROD, BPOD, cyt. b5 and
      EH. Additionally, hepatic glutathione was decreased by indomethacin but not by
      endotoxin. Indomethacin or endotoxin caused similar but not identical decreases
      in selected protein bands in the "cyt. P-450 region" of microsomal SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoretograms. Concomitant administration of 16,16
      dimethylprostaglandin F2 alpha afforded significant (50-100%) protection against
      all the above-mentioned effects of indomethacin or endotoxin. The effects of
      indomethacin on cyt. P-450 were lessened by concomitant administration of a
      mixture of neomycin, polymyxin B and bacitracin. Throughout the study there was a
      close correlation between the extent of decrease in hepatic cyt. P-450 and the
      degree of intestinal ulceration caused by indomethacin. It was concluded that
      bacterial endotoxins liberated into the portal blood as a result of indomethacin
      induced ulceration of the small intestine probably only partially mediated the
      effects of indomethacin on hepatic drug-metabolising enzymes. The protection
      afforded by 16,16-dimethylprostaglandin F2 alpha could have been due to both the
      prevention of ulceration and to a direct cytoprotective effect on the liver.

PMID- 6370267
TI  - Effects of ethyl-CPIB (clofibrate) on tissue lipoprotein lipase and plasma post
      heparin lipolytic activity in rats.
AB  - The role of LPL in reducing the serum triacylglycerol concentration was
      investigated in rats fed a high sucrose diet containing 0.25% (w/w) ethyl-CPIB.
      Compared with sucrose-fed controls, drug treatment resulted in a fall in adipose
      tissue LPL activity and a rise in enzyme activity in thigh and heart muscle.
      Serum post-heparin lipoprotein lipase activity after a high dose of heparin was
      lower in ethyl-CPIB-treated rats than controls, but after a low dose of heparin
      the values were similar. The amount of LPL activator was decreased by the drug.
      Thus, the low serum triacylglycerol concentration observed in the ethyl-CPIB
      treated rats cannot be explained by changes in functional LPL activity. The
      plasma triacylglycerol-lowering effect of the drug could be explained by the
      observed decrease in triacylglyerol output by the liver.

PMID- 6370268
TI  - The formation of the acidic and alcoholic metabolites of MD 780236.

PMID- 6370269
TI  - Reversal of the antizyme inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase by nucleic acids.

PMID- 6370270
TI  - A circular waveguide irradiation system for nonhuman primates: design and
      dosimetry.
AB  - A 275-MHz exposure system, consisting of a circular waveguide irradiator and a
      transparent plastic animal cage, has been developed to accommodate rhesus monkeys
      weighing up to 15 kg. The vertically oriented waveguide is composed primarily of
      stainless steel and is fitted with an inner cage fabricated from a tubular
      section of acrylic plastic. Circularly polarized electromagnetic energy at 275
      MHz, either pulsed or continuous wave (CW), can be propagated from the removable
      top section of the waveguide. The cage is designed to function as the monkey's
      permanent home. It is fitted with a lever-actuated behavioral performance device
      on which the monkey responds according to a predetermined schedule to obtain a
      daily food ration. The system can be adapted to provide for the collection of
      metabolic and physiologic data as well. Dosimetric measurements were conducted
      with six rhesus monkeys weighing 3.0-7.2 kg and with a 4-kg model. The dosimetric
      results show that about one-third of the net incident energy is absorbed by a
      subject in this system at a normalized specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.33
      (W/kg)/(mW/cm2).

PMID- 6370271
TI  - Lactoferrin in Sjogren's syndrome.

PMID- 6370272
TI  - Nephrology nursing research. Review of the literature.

PMID- 6370273
TI  - [Comparison of various media and various methods for the growth and isolation of
      Pityrosporum pachydermatis].
AB  - The pathogenic role of Pityrosporum pachydermatis in otitis externa of dogs and
      the related diagnostic problems are emphasized. We report results related to
      isolation, cultivation and identification of yeast. Agar nutritive glucosate with
      1,5% of yeast extract has been showed as the best medium permitting
      identification in 24 hrs, associated with morfological test. Tween 80 integration
      (1%) to the medium permits to isolate lipolitic yeasts also.

PMID- 6370274
TI  - [Use of monoclonal antibody 225.28S in the study of nevus cells in culture].
AB  - The aim of this work is to identify and purify cultured nevus cells. We used for
      our study monoclonal antibody 225.28S. This antibody reacts with a surface
      antigen which is expressed by nevus cells and melanoma cells, but it does not
      react with normal melanocytes. We studied 10 dermic nevi and we observed that
      antigenic determinant survives in cultured nevus cells. These results allowed us
      to employ the method of panning for purify cultured nevus cells.

PMID- 6370275
TI  - [Some components of preputial bacterial flora in the ram].
AB  - During the reproductive period the AA have carried on bacteriological researches
      in the preputial cavity in eight sardinian rams, without pathological processes,
      living in eight flocks in the country around Sassari, in order to detect the
      bacteriological flora. This flora could interfere both with fertility and with
      conservation of seminal material for artificial insemination. Three withdrawals
      have been carried on before, during and after the reproduction season. E.coli, P.
      mirabilis, Staph. epidermidis have been found in the varius examined subjects.
      The AA stress that the same bacterium which had been isolated in the first
      withdrawal. Moreover in some subjects the bacteriological flora had increased.
      The AA stress how these data can be useful in order to control the flock
      fertility and in order to improve the technology of conservation of seminal
      material.

PMID- 6370276
TI  - Antinuclear factor, smooth and striated muscle antibodies in Duchenne-type
      muscular dystrophy.
AB  - Antinuclear factors and antibodies to smooth and striated muscle were studied by
      the indirect immune fluorescence method in the sera of 19 children suffering from
      progressive muscular dystrophy. In 47% of the patients antinuclear factor
      positivity, in 65% anti smooth muscle antibody positivity, and in 26%
      antistriated muscle antibody positivity was found. Antibody to striated muscle
      was present in patients with serious advanced dystrophy and in patients unable to
      walk, while anti-smooth muscle antibody occurred in less serious cases, too. On
      the basis of the results, it is concluded that in genetically determined
      progressive muscular dystrophy a secondary autoimmune process develops owing to
      the degeneration of muscles as the disease progresses.

PMID- 6370277
TI  - Reticulin antibodies in coeliac disease.
AB  - The diagnostic value of demonstrating reticulin antibodies in children affected
      by coeliac disease is discussed. The antibodies were shown by immunofluorescence
      in 201 serum samples of 82 patients during the initial phase, during gluten
      provocation after several months of gluten-free diet. Demonstration of reticulin
      antibodies is not useful in screening for coeliac disease in patients suspect of
      the condition since both false positive and negative results occur in spite of
      the high sensitivity of the test. Determination of the antibodies is, however, a
      useful guide in dietary control. The antibodies discriminate coeliac disease from
      cow's milk protein intolerance.

PMID- 6370278
TI  - Monopoly.

PMID- 6370279
TI  - Metalloceramic technique applied to partial denture construction.

PMID- 6370280
TI  - Potted histories. The London Hospital.

PMID- 6370281
TI  - Impaired B lymphocyte function during open-heart surgery. Effects of anaesthesia
      and surgery.
AB  - B lymphocyte function in vitro was measured in patients undergoing open-heart
      surgery. Conventional balanced anaesthesia, or high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia was
      used. Pokeweed mitogen (PWM) induced lymphocyte transformation was depressed at
      the end of the operation, but the response to formalinized Staphylococcus aureus
      Cowan I (StaCw) was not. The numbers of immunoglobulin producing and secreting
      cells measured by an indirect protein A plaque-forming cell assay decreased after
      PWM-stimulation, but remained unchanged after StaCw stimulation at the end of the
      operation. IgG, IgM and IgA secretion by PWM- and StaCw-stimulated lymphocytes,
      into the culture medium, was depressed in the period after operation. Depressed
      immune functions occurred after open-heart surgery, but not in association with
      anaesthesia alone before surgery. The decreases were not mediated by
      hydrocortisone-sensitive suppressor cells. Minor differences between the two
      anaesthetic techniques were found in lymphocyte proliferative responses.

PMID- 6370282
TI  - Measurement of lung volume by multiple indicator dilution. A simple model and its
      ramifications.
AB  - A simple, idealized rebreathing manoeuvre was simulated numerically on a Hewlett
      Packard 9825A desk-top calculator. Approximate imitations were obtained of real
      life observations of differences between apparent volumes of distribution of
      different indicators in the same rebreathing manoeuvre. The simulated patterns of
      discrepancy depended heavily on the uptake or output profiles which were assumed
      for carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide during the hypothetical rebreathing
      manoeuvres. The simulations pointed to the analytical algebraic expressions which
      explained the simulated patterns of discrepancy. A procedure was devised to
      correct for the effects of these uptakes or outputs. It depended on considering
      the mixing of oxygen, nitrogen and argon as if it were occurring in a separate
      part of the rebreathing system occupied only by these gases. The volume of this
      notional part would decrease linearly with time at a rate equal to the oxygen
      consumption.

PMID- 6370284
TI  - Spironolactone and propranolol in the management of hypertension.

PMID- 6370283
TI  - The effects of acute or chronic ingestion of propranolol or metoprolol on the
      metabolic and hormonal responses to prolonged, submaximal exercise in
      hypertensive men.
AB  - We have studied the effects of single oral doses of, and of 28 days treatment
      with, placebo, propranolol or metoprolol, on the metabolic and hormonal responses
      to prolonged exercise in hypertensive men. Blood glucose levels fell during
      exercise on all occasions. No additional effects of the beta-adrenoceptor
      antagonists, compared to placebo, were observed. The exercise-induced increase in
      plasma potassium was enhanced after a single dose of propranolol or metoprolol,
      and also after chronic treatment with propranolol. Chronic treatment with either
      drug led to an increase in plasma potassium levels at rest. The growth hormone
      response to exercise was potentiated by a single dose of metoprolol or
      propranolol, and after chronic treatment with the drugs. A single dose of
      propranolol (but not metoprolol) was associated with a marked increase in plasma
      cortisol and adrenaline levels during exercise. After chronic treatment no such
      increase occurred. In both the acute and chronic phases of the study, blood
      lactate levels were higher during exercise in the presence of either propranolol
      or metoprolol compared to placebo, whereas non-esterified fatty acid levels were
      lower. A single dose of metoprolol produced a significantly greater reduction in
      blood glycerol levels during exercise than a single dose of propranolol. After
      chronic treatment, both propranolol and metoprolol produced similar reductions in
      blood glycerol levels during exercise. After a single dose, both drugs
      significantly augmented the increase in plasma noradrenaline levels during
      exercise. A similar effect was seen after chronic treatment.

PMID- 6370285
TI  - A comparison of once and twice daily naproxen in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6370287
TI  - Serum thymidine kinase in acute leukaemia.

PMID- 6370288
TI  - Ring formation by human variant endothelial cells in vitro.
AB  - Variant endothelial cells were cultured from the healthy carotid arteries of a 19
      year-old woman who was killed accidentally. The cells were grown and subcultured
      in Medium 199 supplemented with 20% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum. The cells
      are still viable after 20 passages. They were recognized as variant endothelial
      cells by their morphology which included ring formation, and by the existence of
      factor VIII-related surface antigen on the cell membrane. The cultured
      endothelial cells produced prostacyclin when the cells were incubated with
      arachidonic acid in smaller amounts than does typical endothelium, but far in
      excess of that produced by vascular smooth muscle cells.

PMID- 6370286
TI  - Characteristics of Sternberg-Reed, and related cells in Hodgkin's disease: an
      immunohistological study.
AB  - A panel of monoclonal antileucocyte antibodies was used in a study of Hodgkin's
      disease (HD) to explore the phenotypic characteristics of Sternberg-Reed and
      related cells (collectively termed HD cells). Cryostat preparations of 31 lymph
      nodes and 2 spleens were obtained from 30 patients with active HD. The
      histological diagnoses were: lymphocyte predominance (LP), 4 patients; nodular
      sclerosis (NS), 22; mixed cellularity (MC), 2; lymphocyte depletion (LD), 2. The
      monoclonal antibodies used were: OKT3, T11, Leu-1 (pan T cell specific); Leu-3A
      (T "helper" specific); Leu-2A, OKT8 (T "suppressor" specific); immunoglobulin
      (Ig) antibodies: anti kappa and lambda light chains, anti mu and delta heavy
      chains; B1 (anti B lymphocyte); CA2-11 (anti HLA-DR); OKM1, Mo-2 (anti
      myeloid/monocyte); OKT9 (anti transferrin receptor); Leu-7 (anti "NK" cell) and
      J5 (anti common ALL antigen). Reactions with peanut lectin (PNL) were also
      studied. The reactions were developed using a modified "ABC" immunoperoxidase
      technique. Specific attention was paid to the cell surface phenotype and
      anatomical localisation of HD cells in relation to surrounding T and B
      lymphocytes. HD cells formed distinct "rosettes" with T cells of "helper"
      phenotype although in 3 cases (1: LP, 2: NS) Leu-7 positive cells formed a
      prominent component of these interactions. In partially involved lymph node and
      spleen, HD cells were prominently distributed in a perifollicular distribution.
      In addition follicular mantle zones were frequently infiltrated by HD cells, the
      degree of ensuing destruction being related to the extent of lymph node
      effacement by HD. In 2 cases (1: NS, 1: LD) HD cells expressed clear, positive
      reactions with B1 although in neither of these cases nor in any other instance,
      was surface Ig expressed on the HD cell surface. The great majority of HD cells
      reacted positively with both OKT9 and, as previously reported, with anti HLA-DR
      antibody. In addition, HD cells demonstrated intense surface and cytoplasmic
      staining with PNL. HD cells were negative with all other antibodies. On the basis
      of these findings, no lineage specificity can confidently be attributed to the HD
      cell. However, the pattern of immunohistological reactions suggest that it is
      related to a cell of B follicular origins.

PMID- 6370289
TI  - Spontaneous hypertension and hypertensive renal disease in the fawn-hooded rat.
AB  - The fawn-hooded (FH) rat, a strain characterized by a platelet storage-pool
      disease, developed focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis at the age of 2-3
      months (males) and approximately 6 months (females). Male animals died
      spontaneously at 11-13 months, and females at 15 months of age, both with overt
      malignant nephrosclerosis. During the first half year of life focal glomeruli
      showed depositions of IgG, IgA, IgM, C3 and fibrinogen in a segmental pattern and
      mainly in mesangial areas. Mesangial IgG and IgA were already demonstrable at the
      age of 5 weeks. On electron microscopy no electron-dense deposits suggestive of
      immune complexes were found. Mean arterial blood pressure in 5.5-month-old male
      FH rats was increased compared with that of matched Wistar rats. One-year-old FH
      rats had severe hypertension. The presumed relationship between the hypertension,
      the renal lesions and the blood platelet defect is discussed.

PMID- 6370290
TI  - A model of persistent antigen-induced chronic inflammation in the rat air pouch.
AB  - Continuing antigen-induced inflammation was established in a subcutaneous air
      pouch in rats by recurrent local challenge. The animals were sensitized using
      bovine serum albumin in Freund's complete adjuvant and were challenged 14 days
      later by injection of the antigen in a solution containing sodium
      carboxymethylcellulose into the air pouch to produce allergic inflammation. A
      single antigenic challenge induced acute inflammation with a predominantly
      polymorph infiltration in the first 48 h. Later samples showed a low-grade
      mononuclear response which persisted for 4-5 days. Repeated challenge produced
      chronic inflammation with an accentuated mononuclear response. Connective tissue
      activation involving fibronectin and collagen was seen as the inflammation
      progressed, and this was associated with production of ferritin by mononuclear
      cells. Discontinuation of challenge injections resulted in resolution of the
      granuloma. We suggest this model can be used to investigate the mechanisms
      involved in chronic inflammatory diseases with an immunological component and to
      evaluate the effects of therapeutic intervention upon chronic allergic
      inflammation.

PMID- 6370291
TI  - Effects of supernatants and lysates of polymorphonuclear leucocytes: macrophage
      stimulatory factors.
AB  - Polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) were harvested from the site of a non-specific
      acute inflammatory reaction. When cultured in vitro for 24 h the cells liberated
      into the supernatant factors which could enhance the proliferation of normal
      macrophages in the absence and presence of the mitogen phytohaemagglutinin (PHA).
      Similar activity was found in lysates of these cells. Using the technique of
      ultrafiltration it was shown that the mitogenic factors present in both PMN
      supernatants and lysates were under 10 000 daltons molecular weight. In addition,
      the chemiluminescent responses of normal macrophages were also enhanced by PMN
      supernatant, lysate and their respective ultrafiltrates. Our results suggest that
      the PMNs, which are the most abundant cell type during acute inflammation, both
      contain and are able to liberate low-molecular-weight macrophage-stimulatory
      factors which may be important in our understanding of the pathogenesis of
      inflammation.

PMID- 6370292
TI  - The effect of phenformin on insulin-stimulated isoaminobutyric acid (AIB)
      transport by isolated hepatocytes.
AB  - Hepatocytes isolated from adult rat livers by collagenase perfusion were used to
      investigate the effect of phenformin on amino acid transport by measuring the
      uptake of aminoisobutyric acid (AIB). At concentrations between 0.01 and 100
      micrograms/ml, phenformin hydrochloride did not affect AIB uptake, but
      concentrations of 500 and 1000 micrograms/ml were inhibitory. Incubating
      hepatocytes with insulin increased their accumulation of AIB. Inclusion of up to
      100 micrograms/ml, phenformin hydrochloride during maximal and submaximal
      stimulation by insulin did not affect AIB uptake, but inhibition occurred with
      500 and 1000 micrograms/ml. The continued presence of phenformin after addition
      of AIB was not required in order to produce inhibition. Furthermore, increasing
      the duration of exposure of hepatocytes to phenformin increased the degree of
      inhibition, suggesting that it is a non-competitive inhibitor. We conclude that
      phenformin does not enhance the sensitivity of hepatocytes to insulin and that at
      higher concentrations it may exert an inhibitory effect on basal and insulin
      stimulated aminoacid transport.

PMID- 6370293
TI  - Psoriasis: a defect in the regulation of epidermal proteases, as shown by serial
      biopsies after cantharidin application.
AB  - The possible role of epidermal serine proteases in the genesis of psoriatic
      lesions was investigated by sequential biopsies of the epidermal damage induced
      by topical cantharidin. In the skin of normal subjects, epidermal damage was
      followed by the transient appearance of proteolytic activity in the upper
      epidermis accompanied by temporary hyperacanthosis and perivascular inflammatory
      cells in the superficial dermis. In the uninvolved skin of five patients with
      psoriasis this proteolysis persisted longer, for more than 7 days. Thereafter, in
      three of the patients, the proteolysis abated, and this was followed by
      disappearance of the hyperacanthosis and the dermal infiltrate; in the other two
      psoriatics the proteolysis and hyperacanthosis increased, and a typical Koebner
      phenomenon ensued. Migration of neutrophils into the epidermis occurred as a
      later event. Thus the abnormal persistence of proteolytic activity in the upper
      epidermis after cantharidin application distinguishes the normal from the
      psoriatic skin injury response and might initiate the psoriatic lesion.

PMID- 6370294
TI  - Dermatological aspects of the use of Cyclosporin A for prophylaxis of graft
      versus-host disease.
AB  - Oral Cyclosporin A (CyA) was given for the prophylaxis of graft-versus-host
      disease (GVHD) to sixty-seven patients receiving a bone marrow transplant, and
      was found to be extremely effective in reducing the severity of acute GVHD. Side
      effects of CyA included hypertrichosis, gum hypertrophy, and a rare but serious
      'capillary leak' syndrome.

PMID- 6370295
TI  - Immunoelectron microscopy--how useful is it for the dermatologist?

PMID- 6370296
TI  - Granulocytic spongiotic papulovesiculosis. A new entity?

PMID- 6370297
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation for acute nonlymphoblastic leukaemia: a survey of the
      European Group for Bone Marrow Transplantation (E.G.B.M.T.).
AB  - Between 1979 and 1982, 229 patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukaemia in
      remission were given allogeneic bone marrow transplants from HLA-identical
      siblings. Data on 183 patients transplanted in first complete remission were
      compared with results of 46 patients transplanted in second or subsequent
      remission. The 2-year actuarial survival rate was 53% for patients transplanted
      in first remission and 36% for patients transplanted in second or subsequent
      remission (P = 0.02). The probability of survival was related to the age of the
      patient (P = 0.02) and of the donor (P = 0.0002). The 2-year actuarial leukaemia
      recurrence rate was 12% for patients transplanted in first remission and 44% for
      patients in a subsequent remission (P = 0.10). Other factors correlating with a
      higher probability of relapse after transplantation were the leukaemia subtypes
      M4 and M5 (P = 0.007), cyclosporin A used as prophylaxis of graft-versus-host
      disease (P = 0.008), and the absence of chronic (but not of acute) graft-versus
      host disease (P = 0.003). These data indicate that prolonged survival can be
      achieved in approximately 50% of patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukaemia
      who receive bone marrow transplants during their first complete remission. But
      modifications of pre- and post-transplant treatment should be considered to
      reduce the rate of relapse.

PMID- 6370298
TI  - B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients with stable benign disease show a
      distinctive membrane phenotype.
AB  - The circulating B cells of 98 patients with B-CLL were analysed with a panel of
      conventional markers and monoclonal antibodies including RFA-1 and RFA-4. A
      subgroup of patients was defined with a distinctive double membrane marker
      phenotype (RFA-1+, RFA-4+). These patients showed features of clinical stability.
      Their physical signs, haematological features and lymphocyte counts remained
      unchanged for 5-10 years: therefore, the RFA-1+, RFA-4+ membrane phenotype
      appears to identify a subgroup of B-CLL patients with a particularly non
      progressive disease.

PMID- 6370299
TI  - Malaria in pregnancy with fatal complications. Case report.

PMID- 6370300
TI  - Paralytic strabismus correction by adjustable suture technique.
AB  - The surgical correction of four cases of paralytic strabismus, in which the
      muscle is repositioned postoperatively with the active co-operation of the
      patient, is described. The method adopted by the author, by inserting the suture
      near the limbus, increases the degree of adjustability and allows for more
      extensive repositioning of the conjunctiva.

PMID- 6370301
TI  - Active-site mapping of bovine and human blood coagulation serine proteases using
      synthetic peptide 4-nitroanilide and thio ester substrates.
AB  - A series of 14 tripeptide 4-nitroanilide substrates of the type Z-AA-Gly-Arg-NA
      and Z-AA-Phe-Arg-NA where AA = Ala, Asn, Glu, Lys, Phe, Pro, or Ser were used to
      map the S3 subsite of several serine proteases involved in blood coagulation. The
      enzymes studied included bovine thrombin, factor IXa, factor Xa, factor XIa,
      human beta-factor XIIa (factor XIIa fragment), and activated bovine and human
      protein C. Kinetic constants (kcat, KM, and kcat/KM) for the enzymatic hydrolysis
      of the substrates by each enzyme were determined and used to compare the relative
      reactivities of the individual enzymes. Most of the enzymes reacted with all the
      substrates, although a few showed considerable specificity. Human beta-factor
      XIIa showed the highest reactivity of all the coagulation proteases studied and
      was also very substrate specific (kcat/KM ranged over 470-fold). The best
      substrate was Z-Lys-Phe-Arg-NA with kcat/KM = 140 000 M-1 s-1. Activated bovine
      protein C (best substrate = Z-Ser-Phe-Arg-NA), factor Xa (best substrate = Z-Glu
      Gly-Arg-NA), and thrombin (best substrate = Z-Lys-Gly-Arg-NA) were the group of
      enzymes that showed next highest reactivity toward the substrates. Activated
      bovine protein C, thrombin, and factor Xa displayed relatively little substrate
      specificity. Activated human protein C (best substrate = Z-Ser-Phe-Arg-NA) and
      factor XIa (best substrate = Z-Glu-Gly-Arg-NA) are moderately reactive enzymes.
      Activated human protein C is an extremely specific enzyme since it has such a
      large range of kcat/KM values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6370302
TI  - Stepwise inactivation of Escherichia coli aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenase
      I.
AB  - In the range of guanidine hydrochloride concentrations from 0.2 to 1.2 M,
      aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenase I loses its enzymatic properties, both
      kinase and dehydrogenase activities and their allosteric inhibition by L
      threonine. Ligands which stabilize the tetrameric native structure protect the
      enzyme against inactivation. Under some conditions, all the functional properties
      do not disappear at the same rate: an intermediate species possessing only the
      kinase activity can be detected. Several arguments suggest that this partly
      active intermediate has a monomeric structure. These results show that
      deactivation of aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenase I is a stepwise process,
      compatible with the reverse of the previously described reactivation [Garel, J.
      R., & Dautry-Varsat, A. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 3379-3383]. The
      same measurements performed with a monofunctional fragment carrying the
      dehydrogenase activity show that the loss of dehydrogenase activity is the same
      whether or not the polypeptide chain is intact or lacks the kinase region; this
      finding suggests that the protein is composed of independent regions. The
      influence of protein aggregation in studying unfolding-refolding of oligomeric
      enzymes is also discussed.

PMID- 6370303
TI  - Folding of aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenase I is dominated by tertiary
      interactions.
AB  - In the presence of guanidine hydrochloride concentrations above 2 M,
      aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenase I remains sufficiently soluble so that the
      fluorescence and circular dichroism of the protein can be measured. Both
      parameters show that, up to 3 M guanidine hydrochloride, the protein exists in a
      stable folded state which possesses a large amount of secondary structure and
      buried tryptophan residues. This intermediate species is probably monomeric; it
      is reversibly unfolded by guanidine hydrochloride concentrations between 3 and 4
      M. This folded species is formed rapidly from unfolded protein when the
      denaturant is diluted out, and this rapid folding step precedes all the
      reactivation steps described previously. The existence of a stable monomeric and
      folded intermediate indicates that the tertiary interactions have a major
      contribution to the stability of the native structure of aspartokinase-homoserine
      dehydrogenase I. Similar measurements were performed on two complementary
      nonoverlapping fragments: a kinase fragment corresponding to the N-terminal third
      and a dehydrogenase fragment corresponding to the C-terminal two-thirds of the
      polypeptide chain. Both fragments exist in a stable folded state up to 2.5 M
      guanidine hydrochloride. Both fragments show cooperative unfolding transitions
      between 2.5 and 4 M denaturant. The stability of the folded state of a given
      region is about the same in an isolated fragment and in the entire chain of
      aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenase I: indeed, an equimolar mixture of these
      two fragments and the intact chain would give about the same results. This
      indicates that folding of the kinase and dehydrogenase regions occurs independent
      ly with a single subunit of the entire protein.

PMID- 6370304
TI  - Reaction of the Z isomer of 4-trans-(N,N-dimethylamino)cinnamaldoxime with the
      liver alcohol dehydrogenase-oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide complex.
AB  - The Z isomer of 4-trans-(N,N-dimethylamino)-cinnamaldoxime, (Z)-DMOX (lambda
      maxH2O 354 nm), forms a ternary complex with NAD+ and equine liver alcohol
      dehydrogenase. The 3-acetyl (3-acetyl-PdAD+), 3-thiocarboxamide (3-thio-NAD+), 3
      iodo (io3PdAD+) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN+) analogues of NAD+ also
      form ternary complexes with enzyme and (Z)-DMOX. These complexes are
      characterized by large red-shifts in the UV-visible spectrum of bound (Z)-DMOX
      (lambda max 428 nm for the NAD+ complex) and new spectral bands in the 280-340-nm
      region associated with the pyridine moieties of NAD+ and the NAD+ analogues. The
      ternary enzyme-NAD+-(Z)-DMOX complex is weakly fluorescent (lambda ex 430 nm;
      lambda em max 505 nm) and strongly quenches the residual tryptophan fluorescence
      of the enzyme-NAD+ binary complex. (Z)-DMOX binds with high affinity to the
      enzyme-NAD+ complex (Kd less than or equal to 4 X 10(-9) M at pH 8.75 and 25
      degrees C), and similarly high affinities were found for the 3-acetyl-PdAD+, 3
      thio-NAD+, and io3PdAD+ complexes. Binding is much weaker to the enzyme-NMN+
      complex. The active site specifically substituted Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and
      Cd(II) enzyme derivatives and the enzyme species lacking any metal ion at the
      active site (apoenzyme) also form ternary complexes with (Z)-DMOX in which the
      DMOX UV-visible spectrum is red-shifted (ranging from 43 to 83.5 nm). The
      complexes formed with the Zn(II) and Co(II) enzymes are characterized by
      relatively high affinities for (Z)-DMOX and by spectra that are independent of pH
      over the range 6-10. The affinity of the apoenzyme-NAD+ complex for (Z)-DMOX is
      much lower, and the spectrum of the complex is pH dependent with lambda max = 430
      nm at pH 7 and lambda max = 397 nm at pH 10. The rate of (Z)-DMOX dissociation
      from the apoenzyme complex was found to be approximately 10(3)-fold greater than
      the rates observed for the metal ion substituted enzymes. The 280-340-nm spectral
      bands appear to result from the dihydropyridine moieties of covalent adducts
      formed between (Z)-DMOX and NAD+ and the NAD+ analogues. The large red-shifts of
      the (Z)-DMOX spectrum result from the bonding of the oxime nitrogen to a strong
      electrophilic center (either the active site zinc ion or the nicotinamide ring of
      NAD+.)(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6370305
TI  - Conformation of double-stranded DNA during agarose gel electrophoresis:
      fractionation of linear and circular molecules with molecular weights between 3 X
      10(6) and 26 X 10(6).
AB  - To answer several questions concerning the mechanisms of DNA fractionation during
      agarose gel electrophoresis, the electrophoretic mobility (mu) of double-stranded
      DNA has been measured as a function of (1) DNA topological conformation (linear,
      open circular, closed circular) and molecular weight (Mr) (molecular weights were
      between 2.9 X 10(6) and 26.4 X 10(6)), (2) gel concentration (A) and temperature,
      and (3) voltage gradient. It was found that mu extrapolated to an A of 0 (mu 0')
      was independent of DNA conformation. The effect of temperature was to raise
      values of mu 0' in inverse proportion to buffer viscosity. Semilogarithmic mu vs.
      A plots for linear DNAs had curvature that was opposite to the curvature for
      spherical particles (plots for linear DNA were concave). As A approached 0, the
      plots became increasingly linear. For the larger DNAs, the negative slope (KR) in
      the region of linearity was decreased as voltage gradient increased. These and
      other data indicate deformation of linear DNA random coils during agarose gel
      electrophoresis. The data suggest both an asymmetric and a symmetric collapse of
      linear DNA random coils during agarose gel electrophoresis. However, end-first
      migration of linear DNA, previously suggested by others, does not explain the
      data. The semilogarithmic mu vs. A plots were more linear for closed and open
      circular DNAs than they were for linear DNAs. Closed circular DNAs had KR's lower
      than KR's of either open circular or linear DNAs of the same molecular weight. At
      the lower voltage gradients, open circular DNA had the same KR as linear DNA of
      the same molecular weight. However, as voltage gradient and molecular weight
      increased, the KR of open circular DNA became smaller than the KR of linear DNA
      (of the same molecular weight). This and the concave curvature of semilogarithmic
      mu vs. A plots for linear DNA resulted in a previously unreported reversal of the
      relative migration of linear and open circular DNAs as A increased.

PMID- 6370306
TI  - Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex from Escherichia coli
      with a radiolabeled bifunctional arsenoxide: evidence for an essential histidine
      residue at the active site of lipoamide dehydrogenase.
AB  - Incubation of pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex (PD complex) from
      Escherichia coli with thiamin pyrophosphate, pyruvate, coenzyme A, Mg2+, and the
      radiolabeled bifunctional arsenoxide p-[(bromoacetyl)-amino]phenyl arsenoxide
      (BrCH214CONHPhAsO) led to the irreversible loss of lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3)
      activity. The mode of inactivation occurred by initial "anchoring" of the reagent
      via its -AsO group to reduced lipoyl residues on lipoate acetyltransferase (E2)
      (generated by substrates) followed by the delivery of the BrCH214CO- moiety into
      the active site of E3 where an irreversible alkylation ensued [Stevenson, K. J.,
      Hale, G., & Perham, R. N. (1978) Biochemistry 17, 2189]. To account for
      nonspecific alkylations, not mediated by this delivery process, control
      experiments were conducted in which the radiolabeled bifunctional reagent was
      incubated with PD complex in the absence of substrates. E3 subunits were isolated
      from inhibited and control PD complexes by chromatography on hydroxylapatite in
      the presence of 8 M urea. Acid hydrolysis of the alkylated E3 and control E3
      samples produced radiolabeled carboxymethylated amino acids that were identified
      and quantitated by high-voltage electrophoresis and amino acid/radiochemical
      analysis. The inhibited sample contained N3-(carboxymethyl)histidine and a small
      amount of S-(carboxymethyl)cysteine. These residues were not present in
      significant amounts in the controls. The loss of 81% of E3 activity correlated
      with the alkylation of about 0.7 residue of histidine and 0.1 residue of cysteine
      per mol of E3.

PMID- 6370307
TI  - Possible energization of K+ accumulation into metabolizing yeast by the
      protonmotive force. Binding correction to be applied in the calculation of the
      yeast membrane potential from tetraphenylphosphonium distribution.
AB  - Membrane potentials of yeast cells, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, calculated from the
      equilibrium distribution of tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP) between cell-water and
      medium should be corrected for a contribution due to binding of TPP to
      intracellular constituents. The magnitude of this correction depends upon the way
      in which it is determined. In cells permeabilized by boiling, cell-binding is
      much higher than in cells permeabilized by repeated freezing and thawing. The
      binding corrections are 75 +/- 1 mV and 49 +/- 7 mV, respectively. The binding
      correction obtained from TPP distribution between deenergized cells and medium is
      much lower and amounts to 19 +/- 9 mV. The latter value is probably more
      reliable. It is supposed that permeabilization of the cells by boiling or
      repeated freezing and thawing unmasks potential TPP binding groups in the cell.
      The K+ accumulation into anaerobically metabolizing yeast cells can be accounted
      for almost quantitatively by a cotransport of protons and K+ ions if the lower
      binding correction is applied. This means that K+ accumulation into the yeast
      cell may be driven by the sum of the protonmotive force and the membrane
      potential.

PMID- 6370308
TI  - One-step purification of procolipase from human pancreatic juice by immobilized
      antibodies against human colipase86.
AB  - Purified antibodies to human colipase86 were coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose
      4B. The immunoadsorption column thus obtained was used to purify procolipase from
      human pancreatic juice in one step by immunoaffinity chromatography. A single
      form of procolipase was obtained, having similar biological properties as
      previously characterized procolipases from horse and pig. The sequence of the N
      terminal propeptide was determined to be Ala-Pro-Gly-Pro-Arg. In bovine, equine
      and porcine procolipases the corresponding N-terminal sequence is Val-Pro-Asp-Pro
      Arg.

PMID- 6370309
TI  - Post-proline endopeptidase in human placenta.
AB  - Post-proline endopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.26) was found in human placenta, purified
      3390-fold from it and briefly characterized. The post-proline endopeptidase could
      be completely separated from dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5) by hydrophobic
      phenyl-Sepharose chromatography. The pH optimum of the enzyme was 6.7. The Km
      values for 7-(Succinyl-Gly-Pro)-4- methylcoumarinamide was 1.0 mM. The molecular
      weight of this enzyme was estimated to be 140 000 by gel filtration and 67 000 by
      dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, indicating its dimeric structure. Human
      placental post-proline endopeptidase was suggested to be a thiol proteinase by
      inhibition studies.

PMID- 6370310
TI  - Determination of nonspecific lipid transfer protein in rat tissues and Morris
      hepatomas by enzyme immunoassay.
AB  - Rat tissues contain a nonspecific transfer protein which in vitro mediates the
      transfer of diacylphospholipids as well as cholesterol between membranes. This
      protein appears identical to sterol carrier protein. A specific enzyme
      immunoassay for this protein was developed using antibodies raised in rabbits,
      against a homogeneous protein from rat liver. This assay was based on the very
      high affinity of the nonspecific lipid transfer protein for polyvinyl surfaces. A
      reproducible adsorption was achieved by presenting the protein to the surface in
      the presence of a large excess of bovine serum albumin. The adsorbed protein was
      detected with specific immunoglobulin (IgG) isolated by antigen-linked affinity
      chromatography and a goat anti-rabbit IgG-enzyme conjugate. Adsorption was
      proportional to the amount of protein present, giving rise to a linear standard
      curve. The enzyme immunoassay measured transfer protein levels in the range 0.2-2
      ng. The highest concentrations of transfer protein were found in liver and
      intestinal mucosa. Levels in other tissues including brain, lung, kidney, spleen,
      heart, adrenals, ovary and testis were 5-10-fold lower than in liver. In the fast
      growing Morris hepatoma 7777 the concentration of nonspecific lipid transfer
      protein was approximately one-tenth of that measured in the host liver, whereas a
      reduction of 65% was observed in the slow-growing Morris hepatomas 7787 and 9633.
      Subcellular distribution studies showed that approx. 70% of the transfer protein
      was present in the soluble supernatant fraction.

PMID- 6370311
TI  - The role of the kidney in the metabolism of prostacyclin by the 15
      hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase pathway in vivo.
AB  - Five different vascular beds of the cat were tested for their ability to
      metabolize tritium-labeled or unlabeled prostacyclin by 15-hydroxyprostaglandin
      dehydrogenase in vivo. Thin-layer radiochromatography with two different solvent
      systems was used to characterize the radioactive metabolites formed. Following
      the infusion of unlabeled prostacyclin, plasma levels of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1
      alpha and 6,15-diketo-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F1 alpha immunoreactivities were
      monitored using previously described radioimmunoassays. No important metabolism
      was found in the head and the hindlimb. Plasma extracts from the vascular bed of
      the lung (and the heart) contained only small amounts of 6,15-diketo-13,14-
      dihydroprostaglandin F1 alpha-like material. prostacyclin was extensively
      metabolized in the liver (probably by beta- and omega-oxidation), but no material
      similar to 6,15-diketo-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F1 alpha was found. In renal
      venous blood the predominating material showed properties similar to those of
      6,15-diketo-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F1 alpha with both analytical methods. In
      other experiments aortic blood was collected during and after infusions of
      tritium-labeled prostacyclin into the postcava . Two consistent peaks were
      demonstrated in plasma extracts of this blood, one co-chromatographing with 6
      ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha and the other one with 6,15-diketo-13,14
      dihydroprostaglandin F1 alpha. In nephrectomized animals the formation of the
      6,15-diketo-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F1 alpha-like material was not
      significantly impaired. Similarly, no significant differences in the formation
      and elimination of 6,15-diketo-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F1 alpha
      immunoreactivity and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha immunoreactivity were found
      after nephrectomy. It is concluded that, although the kidneys have a considerable
      capacity to metabolize prostacyclin by 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase,
      they seem to be of little importance for the overall conversion of prostacyclin
      via this pathway in the total circulation.

PMID- 6370312
TI  - A common pathway for the activation of several molybdoenzymes in Escherichia coli
      K12.
AB  - Three molybdoenzymes, nitrate reductase, formate benzyl-viologen oxidoreductase
      and trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase which form part of different systems, have
      been studied in a parental strain of Escherichia coli K12. When the organism is
      grown in the presence of 10 mM tungstate, these three enzymes are present in an
      inactive form which may be activated in vivo by the addition of 1 mM sodium
      molybdate. The mixing of soluble fractions from chlA and chlB mutants grown under
      the appropriate conditions leads to the activation of nitrate reductase, formate
      benzyl-viologen oxidoreductase and trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase. The
      activation of each enzyme is maximal when the mutants are grown under conditions
      that lead to the induction of that enzyme in the wild-type strain. The employment
      of purified proteins, the association factor FA and the Protein PA, which are
      presumed to be the products of the chlA and chlB genes, has shown that these
      proteins are responsible for the activation of the three enzymes during the
      complementation process.

PMID- 6370313
TI  - Purification and characterization of a new metalloproteinase with elastolytic
      activity from the catfish pancreas.
AB  - An elastolytic enzyme was purified to homogeneity from the pancreas of the
      catfish Parasilurus asotus by chromatography on CM-cellulose column and affinity
      chromatography on (Ala)3-CH-Sepharose 4B column. The molecular weight of the
      enzyme was estimated to be 24 000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The
      enzyme had elastolytic activity as well as activity toward Suc-(Ala)3-NA. The
      enzyme was inhibited by EDTA, EGTA, o-phenanthroline, dithiothreitol, and
      cysteine, but not by the serine proteinase inhibitors iPr2P-F and PhCH2SO2F. In
      addition, the enzyme was found to require Zn2+ for activity. These results
      indicate that the catfish enzyme belongs to the group of metalloproteinases and
      that it is a new type of pancreatic enzyme, unlike the pancreatic elastases which
      are serine proteinases.

PMID- 6370314
TI  - Receptor-binding kinetics of A-14 and A-19 125I-labelled insulin.
AB  - Receptor-binding kinetics and degradation of tyrosine A-14 and A-19 125I-labelled
      insulin was studied using cultured human lymphocytes. Receptor-binding ability of
      A-14 insulin was 1.5-times as high as that of A-19 insulin. Dissociation from
      receptors on lymphocytes showed no difference between these two labelled
      insulins. In association studies percent bound of A-14 insulin was 1.5-times as
      high as that of A-19 insulin at any time after incubation. These results
      suggested that lower binding affinity of A-19 insulin was due to decreased
      association rate, but not due to increased dissociation rate. Degradation of A-14
      insulin by incubation media of lymphocytes was also 1.5-times as high as that of
      A-19 insulin.

PMID- 6370315
TI  - [Regulation of lipid oxidation and structural state of the nuclear membrane after
      the irradiation of tumor-bearing animals].
AB  - Changes of antioxidative activity (AOA), lipid composition and microviscosity of
      different membrane regions in tumor cell nuclei and in the liver of tumor-host
      with Ehrlich ascite carcinoma (EAC) after irradiation were studied. On the basis
      of the obtained data the analysis of the control system of lipid oxidation in the
      membrane was carried out. This control system involves a relationship between AOA
      changes, lipid composition, their oxidative ability and the nuclear membrane
      structure. It was shown that after irradiation the control system in the nuclei
      of tumor cells had the same state as before irradiation and was different from
      the normal one. The control system in the nuclei of tumor-host liver after
      irradiation starts to work in a regime which is characteristic of irradiated
      cells. It was shown that the principle difference in the control system
      functioning in tumor and tumor-host nuclei disappeared after irradiation.

PMID- 6370317
TI  - Recognition of messenger RNA during translational initiation in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The structural aspects of recognition by E. coli ribosomes of translational
      initiation regions on homologous messenger RNAs have been reviewed. Also
      discussed is the location of initiation region on mRNA, its confines, typical
      nucleotide sequences responsible for initiation signal, and the influence of RNA
      macrostructure on protein synthesis initiation. Most of the published DNA
      nucleotide sequences surrounding the start of various E. coli genes and those of
      its phages have been collected.

PMID- 6370316
TI  - Primary structure of three tRNAs from brewer's yeast: tRNAPro2, tRNAHis1 and
      tRNAHis2.
AB  - The primary structures of three brewer's yeast tRNAs: tRNAPro2 and tRNAHis1 and 2
      have been determined (Formula:see text) The U* in the anticodon U*-G-G of
      tRNAPro2 is probably a derivative of U; tRNAPro2 has 80 per cent homology with
      mammalian tRNAsPro. tRNAHis1 and tRNAHis2 differ by only 5 nucleotides; they have
      identical anticodons and may therefore recognize both codons for histidine; they
      have an additional nucleotide at the 5' end. As in all other sequenced tRNAsHis
      this nucleotide is not paired with the fourth nucleotide from acceptor adenosine.
      All three sequenced tRNAs have a low degree of homology with their counterparts
      from yeast mitochondria.

PMID- 6370318
TI  - [Nuclear DNAase of the yeast Candida tropicalis].
AB  - Using stepwise extraction of chromatin from Candida tropicalis by NaCl (0.1-1.0
      M) the protein dissociated by 0.3 and 0.6 M NaCl (fractions 0.3 and 0.6)
      possessing the DNAase activity were obtained. These DNAases are activated by Mg2+
      and cause preferential hydrolysis of heat-denaturated DNA. Fraction 0.3 DNAase
      has a maximum at neutral values of pH (around 7.0) and causes endonucleolytic
      hydrolysis of DNA. Fraction 0.6 DNAase causes exonucleolytic hydrolysis of DNA
      but a maximum at alkaline pH (8.0). The properties of isolated chromatin DNAases
      of Candida tropicalis differ from those of the known DNAases of the yeast
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

PMID- 6370319
TI  - [Elective detection of thymus epithelium and assessment of the degree of
      functional and pathological involution of the organ in mice].
AB  - With the help of antibodies-containing serum reacting with the thymus reticulum
      epithelial cells components by immunofluorescence method the thymus parenchimal
      tissue in mice with functional and pathological involution has been detected
      electively. In spite of large thymus changes in hairless mice with the mutation
      of gene hrrhy in 14-th chromosome of B10.R109/Y animals the basal cells antigen
      in epithelial reticulum has been preserved. It permits to estimate thymus
      involution level of this organ. Low lymphocyte content in the thymus of C57BL/6
      mice is accompanied by total decamouflage of the epithelium. The functional
      thymus involution of pregnant mice is characterized by the luminescence of large
      number of epithelial cells, the restoration of organ after the delivery--by their
      few number. The elective detection of thymus epithelium many serve as additional
      test for the estimation of functional and pathological involution level.

PMID- 6370320
TI  - [Microorganisms as potential producers of essential fatty acids].
AB  - The data on the importance of essential fatty acids in a balanced diet have been
      considered. The ways of essential fatty acid synthesis in microorganisms and
      their metabolism in animal tissues are being discussed. The criteria for
      microorganisms selection--producers of food lipids have been proposed.

PMID- 6370321
TI  - Psychopathology in epilepsy: how great is the risk?
AB  - The relationship between epilepsy and psychiatric disorder in general and the
      relationship between epilepsy and psychosis in particular remain controversial
      issues of long standing. In order to reexamine these central issues concerned
      with epilepsy/psychopathology relationships, we utilized a Minnesota Multiphasic
      Personality Inventory (MMPI) sequential diagnostic system to reanalyze 87
      published MMPI profiles of patients with epilepsy, other neurological disorders,
      and chronic physical illnesses encompassing a total of 2786 patients. We found
      that overall rates of psychopathology were not increased in epilepsy. However,
      when psychopathology was present, the level of psychosis was greatest in patients
      with epilepsy. The results are related to the larger literature concerned with
      the relationship between epilepsy and psychopathology.

PMID- 6370322
TI  - Design principles of the Stratus fluorometric immunoassay instrument.

PMID- 6370323
TI  - Genetic and biochemical analysis of in vivo protein folding and subunit assembly.

PMID- 6370324
TI  - Insulin's structural behavior and its relation to activity.

PMID- 6370325
TI  - Photo-CIDNP study of interactions of serine proteinases with their protein
      inhibitors.

PMID- 6370326
TI  - Immunoassays of peptide hormones and their chemical aspects.

PMID- 6370327
TI  - Synthesis and biological activity of (D)Ala2,Leu5-enkephalins containing
      hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties.

PMID- 6370328
TI  - Cation-induced conformational changes in tRNA molecules.

PMID- 6370329
TI  - Flagellar apparatus absolute orientations and the phylogeny of the green algae.
AB  - The absolute orientation of the flagellar apparatus in green algal motile cells
      is a feature of considerable value in studies of green algal systematics and
      phylogeny. The absolute orientation patterns found in those algae for which this
      feature is known or can be deduced are reviewed. Counterclockwise absolute
      orientation occurs in all classes except the Chlorophyceae and is considered
      primitive, while the clockwise absolute orientation present in most members of
      the Chlorophyceae is the result of progressive clockwise rotation of components
      during evolution. Extant intermediates documenting this rotation include
      Hafniomonas vegetative cells, which show counterclockwise absolute orientation,
      and Chaetopeltis quadriflagellate zoospores, in which the flagellar apparatus is
      strictly cruciate except for a slight clockwise offset of the microtubular
      rootlets. The V-shaped arrangement of the basal bodies in the flagellar
      apparatus, as well as the presence of proximal sheaths and of two layers of
      scales on the cell body, further identifies the Chaetopeltis zoospore as a
      primitive cell type within the Chlorophyceae . Trends towards the exsertion of
      basal bodies from a flagellar pit, either apically or laterally, the elimination
      of quadriflagellate cells, and, in the Chlorophyceae , an increasing amount of
      basal body offset, indicate advancement within the classes. Absolute orientation
      is conserved during flagellar apparatus replication and development. Events after
      flagellar apparatus division in the algae studied may be subdivided into
      component assembly, which is universal and preserves phylogenetically-useful
      features, and component reorientation, which occurs in relatively few green algae
      and adapts the flagellar apparatus to specialized functions. From these flagellar
      apparatus orientation studies, a major reevaluation of evolution within the
      Chlorophyceae is proposed, with weakly- thalloid algae possessing desmoschisis
      (e.g. Chaetopeltis ) considered primitive, and most other types, including the
      Volvocales , considered more advanced. The evolution of wall formation does not
      preclude the formation of scales in primitive chlorophycean genera. In addition,
      one or more previously undescribed major lineages may exist within the green
      algae, including one, the Pleurastrum lineage, whose members possess
      dorsiventrally -flattened motile cells, counterclockwise absolute orientation of
      the flagellar apparatus, and a phycoplast at cytokinesis. The Chlorophyceae , the
      Ulvophyceae , and the Pleurastrum lineage are considered to have a common
      ancestor that resembled the modern genus Pyramimonas , while the Charophyceae is
      thought to be of more ancient derivation. Th

PMID- 6370330
TI  - Parasitic origins of nitrogen-mixing Rhizobium-legume symbioses. A review of the
      evidence.
AB  - This paper is divided into two sections. The first part (I) reviews the
      literature on the legume-Rhizobium association with emphasis on the processes
      leading to the establishment of the association. In the second part (II) it is
      proposed that the legume-Rhizobium association was originally necrotrophic ,
      beginning when the free-living, nitrogen-fixing, saprotrophic Rhizobium developed
      the ability to infect the plant. The pre-infection events, infection processes
      and nodulation in the colonization of the legumes by the Rhizobium are similar to
      those of other parasitic associations. Likewise, the host responses to the
      Rhizobium entry, infection thread synthesis and bacteroid formation are
      comparable to those of other plants when they encounter phytopathogens .
      Evolutionary processes acted in the selection of biotrophy , the fine control and
      regulation of the extracellular enzymes of the necrotrophic Rhizobium converted
      the association into biotrophy . The nutritional dependence of the Rhizobium on
      the legume, the requirement of the plant for combined nitrogen and the Rhizobium
      potential to meet this requirement drove the biotrophic association into
      mutualism . This became possible when regulation of the nitrogen-fixing system of
      the Rhizobium was modified and the oxygen carrying protein leghemoglobin was
      acquired or evolved by the legume to enhance nitrogen fixation.

PMID- 6370331
TI  - A bimolecular mechanism for the cell size control of the cell cycle.
AB  - A molecular model for the control of cell size has been developed. It is based on
      two molecules, one (I) acts as an inhibitor of the entrance into S phase, and it
      is synthetised just after cell separation in a fixed amount per nucleus. The
      other (A) is an activator of the S phase, and it is synthetised at a ratio
      proportional to the overall protein accumulation. The activator reacts
      stoichiometrically with (I), and after all the (I) molecules have been titrated,
      (A) begins to accumulate. When it reaches a threshold value, it triggers the
      onset of DNA replication. This model was tested by simulation and when applied to
      the case of unequal division explains a number of features of an exponentially
      growing yeast cell population: (a) the lengths of TP (cycle time of parent cells)
      and TD (cycle time of daughter cells) verify the condition exp(- KTP ) + exp(-
      KTD ) = 1; (b) the changes of the average cell size of populations at different
      growth rates; (c) the frequency of parents and daughters at various growth rates;
      (d) the increase of cell size at bud initiation for cells of increasing
      genealogical age; (e) the existence of a TP - TB period (difference between the
      cycle time of parents and the length of budded phase) that depends linearly upon
      the doubling time of the population.

PMID- 6370332
TI  - Increases in circulating megakaryocyte growth-promoting activity in the plasma of
      rats following whole body irradiation.
AB  - To gain insight into the regulation of megakaryocyte precursors in vivo, we
      assayed (in vitro) megakaryocyte growth-promoting activity (Meg-GPA) in plasma of
      rats in which both marrow hypoplasia and thrombocytopenia had been induced by
      irradiation. Rats received whole body irradiation of 834 rad from a 137Cs source.
      Plasma was collected at intervals of hours to days, up through day 21
      postirradiation, and was tested, at a concentration of 30%, for Meg-GPA on bone
      marrow cells cultured in 1.1% methylcellulose with 5 X 10(-5) M 2
      mercaptoethanol. With normal rat plasma, no megakaryocyte colonies (defined as
      greater than or equal to 4 megakaryocytes) were seen and only a few single
      megakaryocytes and clusters (defined as 2 or 3 megakaryocytes) were formed. Two
      peaks of plasma Meg-GPA were observed after irradiation. The first appeared at 12
      hr, before any decrease in marrow megakaryocyte concentration or platelet count.
      The second occurred on days 10-14 after irradiation, after the nadir in
      megakaryocyte concentration and while platelet counts were at their lowest
      levels. A dose-response study of plasma concentration and megakaryocyte growth,
      using plasma collected 11 days postirradiation, demonstrated that patterns of
      megakaryocyte growth were related to plasma concentration; formation of single
      megakaryocytes was optimal over a range of 20%-30% plasma concentration, while
      cluster and colony formation were optimal at a plasma concentration of 30%. All
      forms of megakaryocyte growth were decreased with 40% plasma. There was a linear
      relationship between the number of bone marrow cells plated and growth of single
      cells, clusters, and colonies using a concentration of 30% plasma collected 11
      days after irradiation. We conclude that irradiation causes time-related
      increases in circulating megakaryocyte growth-promoting activity. We suggest that
      the irradiated rat is a good model for studying the relationships between Meg-GPA
      and megakaryocyte and platelet concentration in vivo.

PMID- 6370333
TI  - Multiinstitution study of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas using frozen section
      immunoperoxidase: the Southeastern Cancer Study Group experience.
AB  - This report describes the experience of the Southeastern Cancer Study Group
      (SECSG) with a transport medium used for immunologic phenotyping of non-Hodgkin's
      lymphomas. In a 2-mo pilot study, portions of 53 specimens of non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma from four member institutions of the SECSG and affiliated community
      hospitals were sent by regular mail to a central laboratory. Immunologic
      phenotyping was carried out using a frozen section immunoperoxidase technique. In
      48 of the cases, a clear-cut immunologic phenotype was obtained. Thirty-four
      tumors were of B cell origin and 7 had T cell markers. Six of the remaining
      lymphomas had neither B nor T cell markers, and the seventh had both. In 12
      cases, phenotyping was also carried out at the originating institution using
      conventional cell suspension techniques; agreement between the two methods was
      excellent. The immunologic results were correlated with histopathologic diagnosis
      standardized using the Working Formulation for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. It was
      found that the low grade tumors were all B cell, but that the intermediate grade
      tumors were very heterogeneous immunologically. About one-fourth of the diffuse,
      intermediate grade or miscellaneous tumors had T cell markers. Our results
      indicate that immunologic phenotyping may be performed satisfactorily on
      transported material, making multiinstitution studies on the prognostic
      significance of immunologic phenotype in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas feasible.

PMID- 6370334
TI  - An immunotoxin with therapeutic potential in T cell leukemia: WT1-ricin A.
AB  - A conjugate of the monoclonal antibody WT1 and ricin A-chain was studied for its
      suitability for purging marrow of leukemic T cells for autologous transplantation
      in T cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (T-ALL). The conjugate was powerfully
      cytotoxic to the human T-ALL cell line, GH1, which expresses the WT1 antigen at a
      high density. Treatment of the cells with the conjugate at 10(-11) M reduced
      their rate of protein synthesis by 50%, and the inclusion of 6 mM ammonium
      chloride in the cultures enhanced the potency of cytotoxic effect by 10-100-fold.
      Clonogenic assays indicated that less than 0.1% of GH1 cells survived 3-hr
      exposure to the conjugate in ammonium chloride. WT1 alone did not react with
      multipotent (CFU-GEMM) hematopoietic progenitors in normal human bone marrow, as
      measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Under conditions giving maximal
      killing of GH1 cells, there was no toxicity to multipotential progenitors in
      normal human marrow.

PMID- 6370335
TI  - Clinical relevance of immunologic phenotype in diffuse large cell lymphoma.
AB  - The immunologic phenotypes of 78 diffuse large cell lymphomas were determined by
      an immunoperoxidase technique using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. The
      phenotypes were correlated with clinical and morphological parameters by
      univariate and multivariate analysis. Forty-one lymphomas (53%) expressed
      immunoglobulin (Ig+). Of the 37 cases that did not express immunoglobulin (Ig-),
      9 expressed T cell antigens. Although the T cell phenotypes were antigenically
      heterogeneous, all cases represented mature T cell phenotypes. The majority of
      the remaining 28 cases expressed the B cell-associated antigen, B1. At 5 yr,
      actuarial survival for the Ig- patients was 63%, compared with 15% for the Ig+
      patients. A significantly greater proportion of patients with Ig+ lymphomas were
      over the age of 65 at diagnosis. All of the 9 patients with marrow involvement
      were Ig+. Multiple factors were analyzed by the Cox regression procedure for
      their impact on survival, including antigenic profile, histologic grade,
      morphological classification, and numerous clinical parameters previously
      recognized to be of prognostic significance. In this analysis, stage, age greater
      than 65 yr, systemic symptoms, and marrow involvement had the greatest influence
      on survival. The survival difference between Ig- and Ig+ patients is explained by
      a higher proportion of Ig+ patients with these unfavorable prognostic factors.
      With our current immunologic methods, retrospective cell phenotyping analysis has
      not provided independent prognostic significance in diffuse large cell lymphoma.
      A prospective evaluation of similarly treated patients is needed to characterize
      the influence of phenotype fully and to determine its potential usefulness for
      therapy.

PMID- 6370336
TI  - Insulin and IGF-I binding to megakaryoblasts.

PMID- 6370337
TI  - Immunologic injury to vascular endothelial cells: effects on release of
      prostacyclin.
AB  - Prostacyclin is released from cultured and ex vivo bovine vascular endothelium
      following sublethal immunologic injury by a heterologous antibody to endothelial
      cells developed in rabbits. This release was dependent on calcium and complement
      and was not enhanced by the presence of platelets. Prostacyclin release was
      diminished 1-2 hr after the injury, but recovered fully following reculture of
      the endothelial cells for 72 hr.

PMID- 6370338
TI  - In vitro chemoseparation as part of autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT)
      in hematologic malignancy.

PMID- 6370339
TI  - Serum beta 2 microglobulin in adult myeloid acute leukemias.
AB  - Serum beta 2 microglobulin levels, measured by radioimmunoassay (Phadebas test),
      were found increased in acute myeloid leukemias at diagnosis. Serum beta 2
      microglobulin levels were significantly higher in patients with monocytic
      leukemias (13 patients, M4-M5 FAB classification) than in those with other
      cytological types (18 patients). Beta 2 microglobulin levels at diagnosis were
      correlated with serum lysozyme levels, but they were not correlated with blood
      blast counts, serum LDH and ferritin levels. 195 serum beta 2 microglobulin
      measurements were made serially in 30 patients with acute myeloid leukemias in
      first remission. Compared to values at diagnosis, beta 2 microglobulin levels in
      remission were significantly decreased. Out of 30 patients in remission 12 had
      increased serum beta 2 microglobulin levels (greater than 3 mg/l). Serial
      measurements were not predictive for relapses.

PMID- 6370340
TI  - Clonal evolution with isodicentric Ph1 chromosome in Ph1-positive CML: karyotypic
      conversion after bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - Clonal chromosomal evolution was observed in a 16-year-old boy suffering from Ph1
      positive CML. An isodicentric Ph1 chromosome appeared 20 weeks after the initial
      diagnosis. At that time an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation was performed.
      Thereafter, during an observation period of more than 13 months, chromosome
      analyses showed neither the Ph1 chromosome nor the abnormal isodicentric variant.
      Close cytogenetic monitoring is suggested to reveal early unfavorable prognostic
      signs of the onset of blast crisis before it becomes evident in the bone marrow
      morphology.

PMID- 6370341
TI  - Detection of mutagens in leather and tannery industry assay of 28 commercial
      mixtures.

PMID- 6370342
TI  - The Fielding H. Garrison lecture. American perceptions of the medical, legal, and
      theological professions.

PMID- 6370343
TI  - Silent sleep. Essay review.

PMID- 6370344
TI  - Some opinions on the physician's remuneration in medieval Islam.

PMID- 6370345
TI  - "Who will bell the cat?" Andrew C. Ivy and Krebiozen.

PMID- 6370346
TI  - The physical and chemical path to vitalism: Xavier Bichat's Physiological
      Researches on Life and Death.

PMID- 6370347
TI  - The history of multiple personality in the United States: Mary Reynolds and her
      subsequent reputation.

PMID- 6370348
TI  - Early perceptions of the electrocardiogram: from arrhythmia to infarction.

PMID- 6370349
TI  - A surgical operation performed on Siamese twins during the tenth century in
      Byzantium.

PMID- 6370350
TI  - [Thermodynamic parameters of sepiapterin reductase reactions].

PMID- 6370351
TI  - [A case of glass foreign body migration originally caused by an automobile
      accident].

PMID- 6370352
TI  - [A case report of skeletal Class III malocclusion with mandibular shift].

PMID- 6370353
TI  - Hormone dependence of the L and M isozymes of pyruvate kinase in isolated rat
      hepatocytes.
AB  - L Pyruvate kinase (LPK) is considered to be the major form in the liver. Two
      isozymes, LPK and MPK, have been localized in the isolated rat hepatocyte in
      vitro with an immunocytometric method. MPK is induced by insulin, which also
      creates a slight stimulation of LPK (at physiological doses) in both fed and
      fasted animals. Glucagon inhibits LPK in fed animals (the fasting rat is already
      in a situation of gluconeogenesis and this hormone is ineffective). MPK is
      insensitive to glucagon, regardless of the nutritional state of the animals. Each
      PK isozyme is thus controlled predominantly by one of the two hormones,
      corresponding to a sophisticated regulation of hepatic glycolysis and
      gluconeogenesis.

PMID- 6370354
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor antigen in
      human platelets.
AB  - Specific antibodies against anti-human FVIII/vW protein were isolated by affinity
      chromatography on glutaraldehyde-activated gel (Ultrogel AcA22). They were
      coupled directly with peroxidase or visualized with anti-rabbit IgG (sheep)
      peroxidase (Institut Pasteur). Fab fragments of the same specific antibodies were
      prepared to enhance the intracellular penetration and coupled to peroxidase. In
      washed human platelets, staining was observed on the plasma membrane and in the
      canalicular system, whereas in previous studies whole specific antibodies
      incubated with fixed platelets showed the labeling only on the plasma membrane.
      After thrombin activation, the release of granules containing FVIII/vW protein
      was better visualized in the surface canalicular system. This localization was
      discussed in regard to the exocytosis process: membrane fusion, granule labeling.

PMID- 6370355
TI  - Role of the adrenal glands in insulin-induced free fatty acid mobilization in the
      chicken.
AB  - The effects of the administration of insulin on plasma free fatty acid (FFA)
      levels of adrenalectomized and sham-operated (SO) chickens were compared in order
      to determine if the lipid-mobilizing action of the hormone is mediated by the
      adrenal glands. Plasma FFA levels of adrenalectomized and SO chickens were the
      same before hormone administration (0.69 +/- 0.03 vs 0.72 +/- 0.03 mu Eq/ml, N =
      15 for each group). Injection of insulin (1 U/kg, iv) caused a significant
      increase of plasma FFA of SO chickens (103%) but did not modify FFA levels of
      adrenalectomized chickens. Blood sugar levels were higher in SO than
      adrenalectomized birds (163 +/- 4 vs 126 +/- 3 mg/100 ml, N = 9 for each group)
      before insulin administration but the magnitude of the reduction of blood sugar
      induced by insulin was similar for both groups. The marked lipolytic effect of
      glucagon (0.2 mg/kg, iv) on intact chickens was affected only to a small extent
      by adrenalectomy but, in contrast, the blood sugar response to glucagon was
      greatly reduced (27%) in adrenalectomized chickens. Significant increases (38%)
      in plasma FFA levels of intact chickens were obtained during the first few hours
      after a single intravenous injection of hydrocortisone (10 mg/kg, iv). The data
      show that the presence of the adrenal glands is essential for the increase in
      plasma FFA induced by insulin in chickens, and suggest that the lipid-mobilizing
      effect of the hormone in this species is due to an increased secretion of
      endogenous glucocorticoids following insulin-induced hypoglycemia.

PMID- 6370356
TI  - [Eulogy of Z.M. Bacq, titular member and former president].

PMID- 6370357
TI  - [Homage of the Academy to Z.M. Bacq].

PMID- 6370358
TI  - The economic outlook, budget projections, and health care outlays.

PMID- 6370359
TI  - Financing hospital care through Social Security.

PMID- 6370360
TI  - The new era of utilization and quality control: professional review
      organizations.

PMID- 6370361
TI  - Medicaid and the poor: medicaid myths and reality and the impact of recent
      legislative changes.

PMID- 6370362
TI  - Medicare, the aged and disabled.

PMID- 6370363
TI  - Raynaud phenomenon.

PMID- 6370364
TI  - Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis B infection.

PMID- 6370365
TI  - Hypercalcaemia. Parathyroidectomy.
AB  - We have found the following points to have been to help in the surgery of these
      elusive glands: Working with a physician who has an interest in calcium
      metabolism Using methylene blue preoperatively Making the collar incision
      slightly lower than that for a thyroid operation Using a stitch in the lateral
      border of the thyroid gland to pull it forwards and medially Looking for the
      parathyroid glands in fat Assuming that the first operation is going to be the
      only operation.

PMID- 6370366
TI  - A compound radial artery forearm flap in hand surgery: an original modification
      of the Chinese forearm flap.
AB  - The Chinese forearm flap based on the radial artery is extremely versatile. It
      can be used as an island-skin flap, a free flap or as a compound forearm flap
      including vascularised nerve, bone or tendons. This paper describes and discusses
      some of these applications and is based on a series of 17 patients who presented
      with problems of reconstruction in the hand.

PMID- 6370367
TI  - Spontaneous healing and relief of pain in a patient with intractable vasculitic
      ulceration of the lower limb following an intravenous infusion of prostacyclin: a
      case report.
AB  - A case is reported of a patient with diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis who
      presented with vasculitic ulceration of the lower leg and foot. The ulceration
      was associated with severe pain and showed no sign of healing despite
      conservative treatment and skin grafting. At the time when amputation seemed
      inevitable an intravenous infusion of prostacyclin was given. There was a rapid
      and lasting relief of pain and the ulcerated area began to heal spontaneously.

PMID- 6370368
TI  - The surgical management of intractable venous ulceration in the lower limbs:
      excision, decompression of the limb and split-skin grafting.
AB  - Fourteen patients with severe chronic venous ulceration and constricted lower
      limbs underwent an operation to release the constriction and to ligate the
      perforating veins in the calf. At 4-year follow-up 6 patients remained healed.
      Two further patients were healed when last seen 3 years and 19 months after
      surgery. The operation is suggested as a salvage procedure for selected patients,
      when all other methods of treatment have failed.

PMID- 6370369
TI  - The morbidity of split-skin graft donor sites in the elderly: the case for mesh
      grafting the donor site.
AB  - An impression that the healing of split-skin donor sites in the elderly is
      significantly prolonged compared with that in younger patients was confirmed by
      retrospective and prospective clinical studies. Possible explanations are
      discussed. In a prospective clinical trial of 20 consecutive patients over the
      age of 60 part of the donor site was covered with a meshed skin graft leaving the
      remaining unmeshed area as a control. In all patients the mesh-grafted area was
      healed in 10 days while the control "unmeshed" area demonstrated the same
      morbidity we had noted in patients over 60 in our retrospective study. It is
      suggested that the mesh grafting of small split-skin donor sites in the elderly
      can accelerate the rate of healing and significantly reduce the demands on
      hospital and community resources.

PMID- 6370370
TI  - The long-term results of the use of human amnion in the treatment of leg ulcers.
AB  - In a retrospective study of 28 patients whose venous leg ulcers had been treated
      with human amnion prior to split-skin grafting, the rate of recurrence of
      ulceration was 50% at 1 year. Repeated grafting of ulcers which recurred rapidly
      after the first skin graft was worthwhile as many then remained healed.

PMID- 6370371
TI  - Some uses of hexcelite as a splintage material in plastic and burns surgery.
AB  - The clinical use of Hexcelite in plastic surgery and burns to construct strong,
      light-weight splints and to provide protective cover for skin grafts is
      described. Several examples are presented to illustrate its simplicity and
      adaptability.

PMID- 6370372
TI  - Unit activity of the septo-hippocampal system in classical conditioning with
      rewarding brain stimulation.
AB  - Neuronal activity in dentate, hippocampus, septum and medial forebrain bundle
      (MFB) was recorded with chronically implanted electrodes in rats. Responses to
      tone were measured before and after differential conditioning reinforced by
      rewarding brain stimulation. Differential unit response changes were found in
      hippocampus and MFB. The hippocampal response was enhanced in the early phase to
      the CS+ and gradually subsided. A similar pattern was obtained in the dentate,
      with a less remarkable differentiation. In contrast, MFB showed sustained
      enhancement to the CS+ during the whole period, but not to the CS--. It was
      proposed that the CS-UCS connection was formed in the MFB after conditioning, and
      that this connection had an effect that was the activation of this system by the
      CS+ itself.

PMID- 6370373
TI  - Fastigial influences on postural tonus as studied by kainate lesions and by local
      infusion of GABAergic drugs in the rat.
AB  - Localized lesions with kainic acid (KA) and local infusion of GABAergic drugs
      were used to study the role of the nucleus fastigii (NF) in postural tonus.
      Unilateral axon-sparing KA lesions of NF resulted in ipsilateral limb extensor
      atonia and contralateral limb extensor hypertonus and abduction. This effect
      lasted for 3-8 days depending on the dose of KA. Lesions of sites adjacent to the
      NF failed to produce postural asymmetries. Local infusion of the GABA agonist
      muscimol (10-50 ng) in the NF produced a reversible postural asymmetry
      fenomenologically similar to that produced by KA lesions of NF. Infusion of
      agents blocking GABAergic transmission in the NF (bicuculline, picrotoxin)
      resulted in a postural asymmetry of inverted laterality in respect to that
      produced by muscimol. Bilateral KA lesions of NF or bilateral infusion of
      muscimol resulted in bilateral hyperextension-abduction of the limbs. Infusion of
      GABAergic drugs in areas adjacent to the NF failed to produce postural changes.
      The results are interpreted to indicate that the NF exerts a crossed inhibitory
      and a direct excitatory influence on limb postural tonus.

PMID- 6370374
TI  - Immunohistochemical mapping of calcium-binding protein immunoreactivity in the
      rat central nervous system.
AB  - A complete mapping of immunoreactive sites for vitamin D-dependent calcium
      binding protein (CaBP) was performed on serial sections from the rat central
      nervous system. CaBP immunoreactivity was found in the perikarya, dendrites and
      axons of some neurons from the limbic system, from many neurosecretory nuclei,
      from most sensory nuclei and from the cerebral and cerebellar cortex. In
      contrast, no CaBP antigenic sites were detectable in the motoneurons of the
      spinal cord and in those of the cranial nerve nuclei, nor in the neurons from the
      cerebellar nuclei. A quantitative evaluation revealed a great variability in the
      number of CaBP-immunoreactive neurons among different areas of the central
      nervous system. Positive cells represented less than 1% of the neurons in the
      frontal cortex, whereas 74% of the Purkinje cells from the cerebellar cortex
      showed immunoreactive staining for CaBP. In addition, 45% of the ependymal cells
      of the telencephalic ventricles were positive. These data show that CaBP is
      widely distributed in neurons and ependymal cells from the rat central nervous
      system although it is more concentrated in some specific areas.

PMID- 6370375
TI  - Collateralization in the spinothalamic tract: new methodology to support or deny
      phylogenetic theories.
AB  - Components of the spinothalamic system that ascend in the anterolateral funiculus
      are reviewed. The presence of collateralization in this system in mammals is
      discussed with regard to theories of the phylogenetic development of pathways.
      The major theory investigated suggested that collateralization is an intermediate
      stage between a multisynaptic pathway and a direct non-collateralized lemniscus.
      The evidence and theories are reviewed. Methods for confirming or rejecting this
      theory are discussed. The literature reporting ascending spinal projections for
      non-mammalian vertebrates is reviewed. Certain reptiles have projections
      analogous to both the mammalian neospinothalamic and paleospinothalamic tracts.
      The presence of spinothalamic projections in elasmobranchs and amphibians is
      still controversial. Confirmation of earlier reports of projections in salamander
      and dogfish shark based on degeneration techniques have not been done. In
      addition, results from too few species of these classes have been reported.
      However, it is possible that paleospinothalamic connections are present in some
      species (e.g. salamander, nurse shark) and not in others (e.g. frog, dogfish
      shark) of the same class. Spinothalamic projections have not been reported for
      teleosts. A plea for new research in this area is made.

PMID- 6370376
TI  - Brain NADH redox state monitored in vivo by fiber optic surface fluorometry.
AB  - A new approach for the evaluation of brain energy metabolism in awake animals
      became possible as UV transmitting optical fibers became available. A variety of
      surface fiber optic fluorometers / reflectometers which were developed during the
      past decade enabled the monitoring of intramitochondrial NADH redox state in
      unanesthetized animals. The bundle of flexible fibers was connected to the brain
      via a cemented light guide holder implanted epidurally. The two signals obtained,
      366 nm reflectance and 450 nm fluorescence, are subjected to various artifacts
      not connected to the intramitochondrial NADH redox state. In our system, the
      effects of movement artifacts and changes in blood oxygenation are negligible
      while the effects of tissue absorption or blood volume changes are considerable
      and could be minimized by subtraction of the two signals (1:1 ratio) providing
      the corrected fluorescence signal. The brain was exposed to various physiological
      and pathological conditions which resulted in the increase or decrease in the
      level of NADH. Under anoxia, hypoxia and ischemia, oxygen availability decreased
      and the metabolic state of the brain became more reduced (state 4-5 transition).
      When the brain was activated by seizures, spreading depression of hyperbaric
      oxygenation NADH became more oxidized (state 4-3 transition).

PMID- 6370377
TI  - A telemetry system for single neuronal discharge recording from behaving monkey.
AB  - A telemetry system for neuronal discharge recording from behaving monkeys
      positioned in a primate chair is described. Using FM telemetry system single
      neuronal activity was recorded from the monkey brain through five teflon-coated
      platinum-iridium microwire electrodes (25 mu in dia.). This system permits stable
      long term neuronal discharge recording during feeding behavior with minimal
      artifacts even during mastication. The system has a broadcasting distance of more
      than 30 m. The frequency response and the S/N ratio obtained from this system is
      almost comparable with that of the usual direct wire procedures, and the
      elimination of artifacts is superior. This report describes the procedure for
      constructing the microelectrode assembly and FM telemetry system.

PMID- 6370378
TI  - Prefrontal cortex and bulbar reticular formation and behavioral inhibition in the
      rat.
AB  - Electrical stimulation in the bulbar reticular formation will produce response
      suppression that is observably the same as that produced by stimulation in the
      prefrontal cortex. This includes suppression of bar-pressing for food and running
      in an activity wheel, but no suppression of approach and eating of food or
      general activity. These results, together with previous research, support the
      hypothesis that this inhibitory influence of the prefrontal cortex is mediated
      through the bulbar reticular formation. This hypothesis is not incompatible with
      the concept that the prefrontal cortex serves to suppress the activating
      influence of the rostral reticular formation.

PMID- 6370379
TI  - [100 kidney transplantations at the Urology Clinic in Bratislava].

PMID- 6370380
TI  - Gordon memorial lecture. Coccidiosis control: past, present and future.
AB  - Hygiene, management, chemotherapy and immunity all play a part in the control of
      coccidiosis. Under the conditions of modern intensive poultry rearing, special
      reliance is placed upon chemotherapy and since the introduction of the
      sulphonamides in 1939 a sequence of different types of drugs has been developed.
      At present the field is dominated by the ionophore antibiotics which have a
      special mode of action against the extracellular phases of the parasitic life
      cycle. Drug resistance is a continuing problem which has limited the effective
      life of most types of drug, although it has been most significant for particular
      compounds. So far it has not severely affected the efficacy of the ionophores.
      Immunity is involved in effective prophylaxis and the strong protective immunity
      which is a feature of most coccidial infections offers promise of a vaccination
      system. However, much more research will be necessary to bring this promise to
      fruition. Studies on immune mechanisms, antigenicity, biochemistry and in vitro
      cultivation may all contribute to the development of methods for controlling a
      series of infections which are an important obstacle to the development of modern
      husbandry methods.

PMID- 6370381
TI  - [Eulogy of Florian Delbarre (1918-1981)].

PMID- 6370382
TI  - [Eulogy of Jacques Benoit (1896-1982)].

PMID- 6370383
TI  - [Lymphoblast transformation test and the diagnosis of chronic brucellosis].

PMID- 6370385
TI  - [Colloquium on the prevention of cerebrovascular accidents].

PMID- 6370384
TI  - [Psychiatric approach to a criminologic event: glue and solvent addiction].

PMID- 6370386
TI  - [Moderation in all things. Community problems].

PMID- 6370387
TI  - [Epidemiologic study of anesthesia complications in France].

PMID- 6370388
TI  - Hormonal dysregulations in severe burns.
AB  - Measurements of the concentrations of pituitary, thyroid and gonadal hormones
      have been made under both basal conditions and after adequate stimulation using a
      combined arginine TRH-LHRH stimulation test in 10 patients with deep burns
      covering between 30 and 70 per cent of the body surface during the first 20 days
      after injury. The most remarkable changes were found in the pituitary-gonadal
      system with testosterone concentrations significantly decreased at all times
      during the periods of study. Stimulation with LHRH resulted in a prompt response
      of FSH and LH during the first 10 days after burning whereas between 10 and 20
      days after injury the basal concentrations for both hormones were significantly
      lower and showed a delayed response to stimulation. During the period of early
      fluid therapy large amounts of glucose without additional insulin were given,
      resulting in elevated blood glucose and high plasma insulin levels. It is
      concluded that normal pancreatic insulin production is sufficient to avoid
      excessive hyperglycaemia even during the period soon after burning. Compared with
      the findings in control patients the HGH levels in burned patients were not
      significantly different at any time during the periods of study.

PMID- 6370389
TI  - On the interaction between synthetic detergents and enzymatic proteins.
AB  - Eight highly purified and crystalline enzymes representative of fundamental
      metabolic pathways and of cellular structure were tested with seven detergents.
      The enzyme-detergent interaction was studied as a time-independent (inhibition)
      or time-dependent (inactivation) phenomenon. Our results imply a specificity of
      detergent action on the enzymes studied.

PMID- 6370391
TI  - Experimental Salmonella-associated conjunctivitis in cats.
AB  - Cats were infected experimentally with Salmonella typhimurium via the
      conjunctiva. Clinical signs consisted of lacrimation, conjunctivitis,
      blepharospasm, prominent nictitating membrane and scleral injection. These signs
      were accompanied by an absolute neutrophilia and conjunctival smears indicative
      of moderate to severe suppurative inflammation. Ocular signs disappeared by day 6
      postinfection. Salmonella typhimurium was cultured intermittently from the
      inoculated conjunctivae and rectal swabs through day 7. At necropsy, mesenteric
      and cervical lymph nodes were enlarged. Histopathological findings included
      chronic conjunctivitis and lymphoid hyperplasia in cervical and mesenteric lymph
      nodes. This study confirms that S. typhimurium can cause a primary conjunctivitis
      and that the ocular route of infection can lead to fecal excretion of Salmonella,
      in the absence of other clinical manifestations.

PMID- 6370390
TI  - Experimental rabies in skunks: effects of immunosuppression induced by
      cyclophosphamide.
AB  - Striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) were inoculated with street rabies virus and
      immunosuppressed with several doses of cyclophosphamide. Control skunks were
      inoculated with street virus only. The skunks were killed in terminal stages of
      the disease and several tissues were collected for examination by
      immunofluorescence, light microscopy and viral titration. Sera collected at
      euthanasia from most of the principals did not contain detectable rabies
      neutralizing antibodies, whereas high titers occurred terminally in controls.
      Immunofluorescence was much more entensive in submandibular salivary glands of
      cyclophosphamide-treated than control skunks. Similarly, virus was isolated from
      this tissue more consistently and at higher titer from principals than from
      controls. Immunofluorescence was extensive in brains of all skunks (both groups),
      but virus was isolated consistently only from brains of cyclophosphamide-treated
      skunks. Most of the cyclophosphamide-treated skunks had very few inflammatory
      cells in brain and cerebrospinal ganglia. Neuronal degeneration occurred in
      dorsal root ganglia of both principals and controls. The results suggest that the
      immune response has no effect on the development of rabies-induced aggressive
      behavior, that the immune response may inhibit salivary gland infection and that
      it is not essential for the development of neuronal degeneration in dorsal root
      ganglia.

PMID- 6370392
TI  - The medullary respiratory neurons: a review.
AB  - The medullary respiratory neurons involved in the generation of respiratory
      rhythm are reviewed. The subject is introduced by a brief description to the
      history of respiratory neurophysiology and of the pontine respiratory neurons. A
      detailed neurophysiological review is presented for the medullary respiratory
      neurons: their locations, morphology, firing patterns, afferent connections,
      axonal connections, and functional interrelations. The significance of the
      medullary respiratory neurons for rhythmogenesis is discussed.

PMID- 6370393
TI  - On the mechanism of myocardial sensitization to catecholamines by hydrocarbon
      anesthetics.
AB  - During the past decade, considerable progress has been made in our understanding
      of the mechanism underlying sensitization of the heart to the arrhythmogenic
      action of the catecholamines by hydrocarbon anesthetics. This review includes the
      following: a brief discussion on the concepts of the mechanics of induction of
      cardiac arrhythmia; recent studies on sensitization with special reference to the
      primary locus of this action and the principal mechanisms involved; and the
      contribution made by microelectrode studies on various types of cardiac tissue
      and the importance of cardiodynamic effects. In addition, atrioventricular
      conduction studies using bundle of His preparations are described. Drug
      interaction between anesthetic agents, muscle relaxants, and other drugs are
      discussed. Suggestions for future research and a section of summary and
      conclusions are included.

PMID- 6370394
TI  - Examination of immobilized fungal cells by phase-contrast and scanning electron
      microscopy.
AB  - Conidia of Penicillium urticae were immobilized in kappa-carrageenan beads and
      then shaken, in a growth-supporting medium to yield an in situ grown population
      of mycelia. The physical stability of these beads and the degree of mycelial
      growth inside the beads were significantly affected by the concentrations of
      kappa-carrageenan and locust bean gum (LBG) in the bead matrix and by the porous
      or nonporous nature of the interior. Thus 16-h-old porous and nonporous beads,
      prepared from 1.25% kappa-carrageenan, 0.5% LBG, and conidia, possessed a very
      dense mycelial mass at the surface. Only the porous beads possessed a moderately
      dense mycelial mass at the centre. The conidia at the centre of nonporous beads
      either failed to germinate or formed very small germ tubes. When washed, 36-h-old
      porous beads were repeatedly (i.e., 48 h) transferred into nitrogen-free medium,
      the density of mycelia at the centre increased to equal that at the surface after
      three transfers or 8 days. Mycelia at the surface exhibited signs of physical
      damage, while those in the centre did not. The addition of 100 micrograms/mL of
      cycloheximide to these replacement cultures was reflected by the distortion of
      interior mycelia.

PMID- 6370395
TI  - [In vitro interaction between an ampicillin-colistin combination and ampicillin
      resistant Escherichia coli].
AB  - In this work, the authors studied in vitro potential interactions between
      bacteria and antibiotics. Colistin and ampicillin were introduced to ampicillin
      resistant Escherichia coli and ampicillin activity was measured. Two layers of
      agar media were used. The lower layer contained E. coli and colistin. The
      superficial layer was sown with indicating bacteria (ampicillin-sensitive Proteus
      mirabilis). Ampicillin activity was evaluated on the upper layer with impregnated
      disks. By this technique, it was ascertained that ampicillin degradation
      increased with colistin concentration. In this case, colistin may favour
      interactions of intracellular beta-lactamases on ampicillin.

PMID- 6370396
TI  - Extracellular enzyme production by Rhizopus and Mucor species on solid media.
AB  - Solid media were employed to determine the presence and absence of extracellular
      enzyme production by two genera of fruit-rot fungi, Rhizopus and Mucor. The
      results of this investigation revealed that phosphatase was released into the
      cultural medium by all the fungi examined; however, only R. oryzae, R. tritici,
      M. mucedo, and M. piriformis showed the possibility of being high producers of
      the enzyme. Protease, urease, ribonuclease, pectate lyase, and polygalacturonase,
      at varying levels of activity, were detected, in the majority of the fungi, in
      the cultural medium.

PMID- 6370397
TI  - Comparative pathogenicity of auxotrophic mutants of Candida albicans.
AB  - An induced mutant of Candida albicans with greatly decreased virulence for mice
      is described. The mutant was one of five auxotrophic mutants obtained by
      ultraviolet irradiation of a clinical isolate (strain MY 1044). The five mutants
      included two methionine auxotrophs, one methionine-cysteine auxotroph, one
      temperature-sensitive serine auxotroph, and one auxotroph with unknown growth
      requirements. Each of the mutants produced normal mycelium and had a normal
      profile of susceptibility to four antifungal drugs. The virulence of each mutant
      was compared with the parent strain by LD50 determination in mice. Four of the
      five auxotrophs exhibited LD50's that were not significantly different from the
      parent strain (mean LD50 = 7.5 x 10(5) cells). However, the temperature-sensitive
      serine auxotroph was significantly less virulent than the parent strain (LD50
      greater than 10(7) cells), even though it grew well in vivo and in mouse serum at
      37 degrees C in vitro. Use of this mutant in conjunction with its "isogenic"
      parent should help to elucidate true virulence factors in C. albicans.

PMID- 6370398
TI  - The relationship between yeast cell size and cell division in Candida albicans.
AB  - The mean size and percentage of budded and unbudded cells of Candida albicans
      grown in batch culture over a wide range of doubling times have been measured.
      Cell volume decreased with increased doubling time and a nonlinear approach to an
      asymptotic minimum was observed. When cells were separated by age according to
      bud scars, each age showed a similar decrease. During each cell division cycle,
      size increased slowly during both budded and unbudded periods so that each
      generation was significantly larger than the preceding. There was no difference
      in size between the parent portion of budded cells and unbudded cells of the same
      age. Time-lapse photomicroscopy of cells growing on solid medium showed that
      cells divide asymmetrically with larger parents having a shorter subsequent cycle
      time than the smaller daughter, although the time utilized for bud formation was
      similar. When cells were shifted from a medium supporting a low growth rate and
      small size to a medium supporting a faster growth rate and larger size, both
      budded and unbudded cells increased significantly in size. As the doubling time
      increased, both the budded and unbudded portions of parental and daughter cycles
      increased.

PMID- 6370399
TI  - In vitro binding of Candida albicans yeast cells to human fibronectin.
AB  - The binding of Candida albicans yeast cells to human fibronectin (Fn), a major
      glycoprotein of mammalian cells, was studied using an in vitro assay. Adherence
      was quantitated in microtiter dishes coated with Fn to which radiolabeled yeast
      cells were added. Under optimum conditions of the assay, i.e., 1 mM CaCl2 and 70
      micrograms Fn protein, approximately 40% of the radiolabeled yeast cells adhered
      to the Fn. Adherence to Fn was greater at 30 degrees C than at 4 degrees C and
      was greater with viable yeast cells than with heat-killed cells. Candida albicans
      (two strains) and C. tropicalis adhered to Fn to a greater extent than C.
      pseudotropicalis, C. krusei, or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Pretreatment of C.
      albicans with chymotrypsin, pronase, or papain, but not pepsin, decreased
      adherence to Fn. Blocking experiments using mannan, sugars, or amino sugars were
      carried out by preabsorbing the Fn with each of the above-mentioned compounds.
      Candida mannan blocked adherence of C. albicans to Fn. The mannan effect was dose
      dependent. However, adherence of C. albicans to Fn was not significantly reduced
      by mannose, glucose, or several other sugars. The role of FN as a receptor for
      the binding of C. albicans yeast cells to buccal and vaginal epithelial cells was
      investigated also using an in vitro assay. We determined, using indirect
      fluorescent antibody techniques, that both buccal and vaginal epithelial cells
      possessed Fn. In addition, yeast cells, when pretreated with Fn, showed reduced
      adherence with buccal and vaginal cells when compared with nontreated cells.
      These studies may indicate a role for Fn in the adherence of C. albicans to
      buccal and vaginal epithelial cells.

PMID- 6370400
TI  - Clinical trial of chorion biopsy.

PMID- 6370401
TI  - Preventing neural tube defects: ethics of clinical trials.

PMID- 6370402
TI  - Familial infantile cortical hyperostosis in a large Canadian family.
AB  - Infantile cortical hyperostosis is a rare proliferative bone disease affecting
      infants under the age of 6 months. In 1961 a large family of French-Canadian
      origin in which 14 children in three generations were affected was described.
      Since then 20 new cases have been found in this family. This is the largest
      familial aggregation of this disease reported in the literature to date. On the
      basis of the findings in this pedigree, the familial form of the disease appears
      to be transmitted by a single autosomal dominant gene with incomplete penetrance
      and variable expressivity.

PMID- 6370403
TI  - Dr. Frederick Banting: getting out of town.

PMID- 6370404
TI  - Deficiency of IgG4: a disorder associated with frequent infections and
      bronchiectasis that may be familial.

PMID- 6370405
TI  - IgG4 as a blocking antibody.

PMID- 6370407
TI  - Chemotactic mediators.

PMID- 6370406
TI  - Biology and biochemistry of platelet-activating factor.

PMID- 6370409
TI  - Mast cells in human disease.

PMID- 6370408
TI  - Enzyme mediators of mast cells and basophils.

PMID- 6370411
TI  - Antigen processing and uptake from the intestinal tract.
AB  - We have attempted, in this discussion, to summarize the processes and evidence
      for absorption of antigenic macromolecules in both animals and humans, comparing
      the infant to the adult. The mature gut retains the capacity to absorb
      macromolecules by an energy-dependent pinocytotic mechanism similar to that
      described for the transport of immunoglobulins and other enteric antigens in
      certain mammalian species in the neonatal state. The vast majority of adults show
      no ill effects as a result of this physiologic phenomenon. However, when
      increased (pathologic) quantities of antigenic macro-molecules gain access to the
      body because of a derangement in the intraluminal digestive process, or because
      of a defect in the mucosal barrier, both of which are present in the immature
      intestine, macromolecular absorption may be altered and result in either local
      intestinal or systemic disorders.

PMID- 6370412
TI  - Intestinal T cells, mucosal cell-mediated immunity and their relevance to food
      allergic disease.

PMID- 6370410
TI  - Basophils in human disease.
AB  - Hypersensitivity reactions containing significant infiltrates of basophils occur
      in a large proportion of allergic diseases such as contact dermatitis, atopic
      dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis, and are quite deleterious. However, the
      potential usefulness of such responses can be recognized in similar reactions in
      guinea pigs responding to tissue invasion by complex multicellular parasites in
      which interactions occur between thymic-derived T lymphocytes, antibodies, and
      basophils in immune resistance responses. Perhaps inappropriate and deleterious
      allergic responses to pollens, chemicals, and insects is the price that we must
      pay for the ability to reject complex parasites.

PMID- 6370414
TI  - Pulmonary blastoma. Case report and literature review of chemotherapy experience.
AB  - Pulmonary blastoma is a rare primary lung neoplasm, occurring in both children
      and adults, which is pathologically, clinically, and prognostically distinct from
      other lung tumors. Usually it has been treated with surgery, but both
      chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been used for metastatic disease, and in the
      adjuvant setting. A patient is described who presented with metastatic pulmonary
      blastoma. Treatment with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and
      dactinomycin resulted in an objective response as judged by standard criteria.
      The literature is reviewed for other experience with chemotherapy in this rare
      lung tumor. This four-drug combination appears to show promise for tumor
      response, and is deserving of further trial.

PMID- 6370413
TI  - Intestinal cow's milk allergy: pathogenesis and clinical presentation.

PMID- 6370415
TI  - Human mammary and bronchial carcinomas. In vivo and in vitro secretion of
      substances immunologically cross-reactive with insulin.
AB  - In the blood of two patients suffering from mammary carcinoma and one from
      bronchial carcinoma, the levels of substances immunologically cross-reactive with
      insulin (SICRI) were high before surgery; after surgery normoinsulinemia was
      restored. Direct evidence of SICRI production by the cultured tumorous tissue is
      presented. Strong daily SICRI fluctuations were observed, and it is proposed that
      the fluctuations induce instantaneous hypoglycemias experienced by some tumorous
      patients.

PMID- 6370416
TI  - Gastrin-releasing peptide immunoreactivity in medullary thyroid carcinoma.
AB  - Two cases of gastrin releasing peptide (GRP)-producing medullary thyroid
      carcinoma are presented. Immunohistochemical examination revealed the presence of
      GRP-like immunoreactivity (IR-GRP) in the primary tumor tissues. High
      concentration of IR-GRP was also demonstrated in extracts of the primary tumors
      by radioimmunologic means with use of a GRP-specific antiserum. Chromatographic
      analysis showed that the immunoreactivity was composed of at least two molecular
      forms: one behaved as synthetic porcine GRP on Sephadex G-50 gel filtration and
      the other as porcine GRP (14-27), a C-terminal active fragment of GRP. The IR-GRP
      was shown not to be attributed to bombesin-like immunoreactivity. Substance P
      like immunoreactivity was not detected in the tumor tissues by either
      immunohistochemical or radioimmunologic means. This is, as far as the authors are
      aware, the first finding of IR-GRP as an ectopic product in medullary carcinoma.

PMID- 6370417
TI  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma limited to the larynx.
AB  - A case of primary laryngeal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is detailed, with a review of
      the reports in the English literature on this rare site of presentation. Symptoms
      at onset generally include hoarseness, and may be observed up to 60 months prior
      to diagnosis. Four of the five cases classified by the Rappaport system are of
      diffuse histology. The histologic distinction of true lymphoma from
      pseudolymphoma, which may mimic lymphoma both grossly and microscopically, is
      reviewed. Local radiotherapy is a curative treatment of choice, with 16 of 18
      cases disease-free throughout follow-up.

PMID- 6370419
TI  - Nonmetastatic tumor cells acquire metastatic properties following somatic
      hybridization with normal cells.
AB  - Somatic cell hybridization between nonmetastatic tumor cells and normal cells of
      the lymphoreticular system results in hybrid cells manifesting metastatic
      properties of defined target organ specificity. Thus, fusion of the nonmetastatic
      BALB/c originated NSI plasmacytoma with C57BL B lymphocytes resulted in
      hybridomas, each of which were metastatic. Of 10 hybridomas, 7 generated
      metastases in the spleen and liver, whereas 3 generated liver metastases. The
      generation of liver metastases by hybridomas which homed to both spleen and
      liver, but not by those which homed to the liver only, was controlled by the
      spleen. The acquisition of metastatic properties via somatic cell fusion seems to
      represent a general principle, in which the normal partner determines the target
      organ specificity for the metastatic growth. Thus, fusion of SP2/O myeloma cells
      with syngeneic B lymphocytes also resulted in a hybrid cell metastasizing to the
      spleen and liver, yet a somatic hybrid between NSI and a macrophage or dendritic
      like cell metastasized to the lung. Cell surface molecules encoded by the genome
      of the normal partner was demonstrated to control the target organ specificity:
      antibodies against MHC-encoded antigens of the normal B cell partner prevented
      the generation of metastases by hybridomas metastasizing to the spleen and liver,
      but not by those metastasizing to the liver only. This is in accordance with the
      function of MHC molecules on lymphocytes in controlling their homing to lymphoid
      organs. Hybridomas of T cell lymphomas also manifested metastatic properties.
      Analysis of the cell surface Thy-1 antigens of a hybridoma (DCH10), produced via
      somatic fusion between BW5145 lymphoma and a putative macrophage cell indicated
      that cells of liver metastases (DCH10-Li) generated by the hybrid cells might
      have undergone further somatic cell fusion in vivo with host (T?) cells. These
      cells have acquired new metastatic properties, generating metastases in spleen,
      liver and kidneys. In fact, even the inoculation of the parental BW lymphoma
      cells resulted in a case of liver metastasis (BW-Li). Such BW-Li cells, upon
      reinoculation, also generated metastases in the spleen, liver and kidneys.
      Analysis of the Thyl phenotype indicated that BW-Li cells may also have undergone
      somatic cell fusion in vivo with host (T?) cells, resulting in the acquisition of
      metastatic properties. The pattern of cell-cell interactions (adhesion,
      infiltration) with liver cell monolayers of BW-Li cells and of DCH10-Li (T-cell
      lymphomas) was identical, and differed from cells of liver metastases of the
      myeloma-B cell hybridomas which might be based on responses to liver growth
      signals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6370418
TI  - Generation of phenotypic diversity and progression in metastatic tumor cells.
AB  - The emergence of diversified tumor cell subpopulations in malignant neoplasms
      accounts for their heterogeneous cellular phenotypes and virtually ensures that
      some tumor cells will ultimately evolve with the most favorable properties for
      their enhanced abilities to survive, grow, invade and metastasize (tumor
      progression). The rates of cellular phenotypic diversification appear to vary
      greatly among different tumors and within the same tumor, and they are probably
      controlled, at least in part, by cellular instability due to chromosomal defects
      and random somatic mutational events, the rates of which are known to be higher
      in more malignant cells, and by epigenetic events, which may vary widely
      depending on the nature of the tumor cells and their microenvironments. As tumor
      progression proceeds, the most malignant cell subpopulations appear to lose their
      responsiveness to changes in tumor microenvironment while maintaining their high
      rates of phenotypic diversification. Tumor and normal cell-cell and cell
      extracellular matrix interactions, as well as tumor cell nutrients, oxygen,
      hormones, growth factors, inducers and other regulatory molecules provide
      individual malignant cells with microenvironmental signals that could act through
      epigenetic cellular modifications, such as DNA methylation, and transcriptional,
      posttranscriptional, translational and posttranslational controls, or
      combinations of these. In addition, integration of viral gene sequences or viral
      modification of host DNA in critical regions could affect phenotypic stability.
      Finally, manipulation of tumor cells by antitumor therapy can also have profound
      effects on the rates of phenotypic diversification of the surviving tumor cells.
      A model for generating cellular phenotypic diversity based on the proposed
      mechanism for rapid generation of immunoglobulin molecular diversity in B cells
      may be applicable to malignant cells and to cells in general. In this model the
      expression and activity of gene products from multigene families are affected by
      a variety of genetic and epigenetic controlling mechanisms, and alterations in
      regulatory genes caused by recombination, methylation, mutation, or other changes
      could lead to differences in gene expression, resulting in widespread
      quantitative (and perhaps some qualitative) changes in particular gene products
      or their activities. As they proceed down different pathways of gene expression,
      each cell would be exposed to continual host selection pressures creating
      diverse, ever-changing malignant cell-populations.

PMID- 6370421
TI  - Reactivity of monoclonal antibody F36/22 with human ovarian adenocarcinomas.
AB  - Monoclonal antibody F36/22 recognizes high-molecular-weight glycoprotein
      components associated with neoplastic development of the ovary. Indirect
      immunoperoxidase staining techniques were performed on a panel of nonmalignant
      ovarian tissues, primary ovarian tumors, exfoliated ascitic tumor cells, and
      metastatic lesions. Normal ovarian tissue components (n = 20) failed to exhibit
      detectable levels of antigen, whereas benign ovarian tissues show a low incidence
      of immunostaining (three of 26) restricted to some ductal elements. One hundred %
      (19 of 19) of the immunopositive primary malignant tumors were histologically
      classified as adenocarcinomas. Each of the predominant adenocarcinoma histotypes
      consistently showed expression of the antigen with 30 to 100% of the tumor cells
      scored as immunopositive. Ascitic tumor cells obtained from all of the ovarian
      adenocarcinoma patients examined (47 of 47) displayed immunopositive reactions,
      whereas normal mesothelial cells in these specimens exhibited undetectable
      staining. In addition, ovarian adenocarcinoma metastases (12 of 12) exhibited
      very intense immunoreaction products. No detectable antigen was expressed by
      nonadenocarcinoma ovarian tumor cells.

PMID- 6370422
TI  - Direct mitogenic effects of insulin, epidermal growth factor, glucocorticoid,
      cholera toxin, unknown pituitary factors and possibly prolactin, but not
      androgen, on normal rat prostate epithelial cells in serum-free, primary cell
      culture.
AB  - Selective nutritive conditions were used to isolate normal epithelial cells from
      fibroblasts in primary cell cultures prepared from adult rat prostate. The pure
      population of normal epithelial cells proliferated at an exponential rate on a
      simple polystyrene substratum with doubling times of 35 to 50 hr for 10 to 12
      days in the absence of high epithelial cell density, other cell types, or added
      extracellular matrix elements. Optimization of the nutritive environment allowed
      direct analysis of the hormone:growth factor requirements for sustained
      proliferation of the isolated epithelial cells in serum-free medium. An in situ
      videometric method was used to assay the effect of over 30 known hormones and
      growth factors on proliferation of the prostate epithelial cell population. The
      results revealed direct mitogenic effects of insulin, epidermal growth factor,
      glucocorticoid, cholera toxin, one or more unidentified factors from bovine
      pituitary, and possibly prolactin. No direct mitogenic effect of androgen on
      isolated prostate epithelial cells could be demonstrated. Radioimmunoassay of
      androgen in the primary cultures showed that endogenous androgen was about 34 pM
      on Day 1 of culture and thus probably too low to mask a response to exogenous
      androgen. Deletion of any single active growth factor did not reveal an androgen
      response. The results demonstrate a multihormonal control of normal prostate
      epithelial cell maintenance and proliferation without the direct participation of
      androgen.

PMID- 6370420
TI  - Relationship of tumor leucocytic infiltration to host defense mechanisms and
      prognosis.
AB  - The interface between the tumor and the host is often the site of leucocytic
      infiltration. We will examine the idea that the infiltrating leucocytes of human
      and experimental tumors are components of the host immunological defense against
      the tumor, and that the presence of the infiltrate is a marker of favorable
      prognosis. Leucocytes could infiltrate tumors because of an active immune
      response, either nonspecific or specifically directed to tumor-associated
      antigens. Leucocyte influx may also occur because of chemotactic factors secreted
      by the tumor cells. Some tumors release factors which enhance vascular
      permeability and permit improved access by leucocytes to the tumor focus. The
      consequences of leucocytic infiltration include tumor cell cytolysis, cytostasis,
      or stimulation of proliferation. The present state of our knowledge of the
      interactions between tumor cells and infiltrating leucocytes precludes broad
      generalization of mechanisms. Further study will probably reveal that the
      mechanisms are diverse, and that there are some systems in which immune
      interactions occur at this interface and others in which they do not.

PMID- 6370423
TI  - Immunohistochemical study of the expression of human milk fat globule membrane
      glycoprotein 70.
AB  - Human milk fat globule membrane, which is said to derive from apical plasma
      membrane of secretory epithelial cells in breast, was analyzed by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-two:dimensional gel electrophoresis. More than 35 components were
      detected in the gels. One of the major glycoproteins with an apparent molecular
      weight of 70,000, human milk fat globule membrane glycoprotein, was purified to
      homogeneity. The pattern of distribution of this glycoprotein in tissues was
      studied using polyclonal rabbit antibodies to the purified component. The
      localization of the antigen was accomplished by an indirect immunoperoxidase
      staining method. Normal mammary epithelial cells display this antigen mostly on
      the apical plasma membrane, whereas poorly differentiated breast carcinoma cells
      retained it predominantly in the cytoplasm. These observations suggest that the
      proper insertion of this glycoprotein into an apical membrane domain may be
      impaired in malignant tumor cells. In addition, a small population of tumor cells
      in each case examined failed to express detectable amounts of this component,
      indicating the presence of antigenic heterogeneity among the tumor cell
      population.

PMID- 6370424
TI  - Phagocytosis and solubilization of fixed cells by metastatic hamster embryo
      fibroblasts, Nil2C2.
AB  - When Nil2C2, a metastatic clone derived from hamster embryo fibroblasts (Nil),
      was inoculated over [3H]leucine-labeled fixed cells, Nil2C2 cells solubilized and
      phagocytosed fixed cells, and the radioactivity was released into the culture
      medium as trichloroacetic acid-soluble fragments. The solubilization of fixed
      cells was dependent on both the time of incubation of living cells with fixed
      cells and the number of living cells inoculated. Nil2C2 cells were shown by
      autoradiographic and electron microscopic studies to peel off fixed cells and
      ingest them as large fragments. The solubilization of fixed cells was
      significantly decreased when plasminogen was depleted from the culture medium.
      Protease inhibitors such as leupeptin, epsilon-aminocaproic acid, and soybean
      trypsin inhibitor partially inhibited the proteolysis and phagocytosis of Nil2C2
      cells. Mouse peritoneal macrophages activated by Salmonella typhimurium
      solubilized fixed cells after the addition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13
      acetate. However, they did not phagocytose fixed cells as large fragments.

PMID- 6370425
TI  - Study of ultraviolet radiation and genotoxic effects of natural sunlight in
      relation to skin cancer in Saudi Arabia.
AB  - Sunlight-related biological effects such as skin cancer, sunburning, and
      synthesis of vitamin D in the body have been found to be very low in people in
      the midregion of Saudi Arabia. The present studies were undertaken to measure the
      sunburning-carcinogenic ultraviolet light (UV) radiation (UV-B) in natural
      sunlight in the city of Riyadh (25 degrees north latitude). The average noontime
      incidence of UV-B, measured with a sunburn UV-meter, was found to be between 1.9
      and 3.4 sun units/hr in the months of March to May. Concomitantly with the UV
      measurements, a bioassay using a wild-type and an excision repair-deficient
      diploid strain of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was carried out to detect
      both lethal and genotoxic effects (mutation and mitotic gene conversion) of the
      sunlight. Exposure of the yeast cells to sunlight 30 to 180 min resulted in a
      significant level of cell death and a dose-dependent induction of mutations and
      mitotic gene conversion. The use of a Mylar filter cutting off virtually all of
      the wavelengths below 312 nm greatly reduced the lethal and genotoxic effects of
      sunlight. The results of UV measurements and biological studies suggest that an
      appreciable amount of potentially carcinogenic short UV wavelengths is present in
      sunlight in the Riyadh area. Therefore, factors other than the lack of
      biologically significant UV radiation in sunlight appear more likely to be
      responsible for the reduced incidence of sunburning and skin cancer in this
      geographical area.

PMID- 6370426
TI  - Target organs for carcinogenicity of chemicals and industrial exposures in
      humans: a review of results in the IARC monographs on the evaluation of the
      carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans.
AB  - Epidemiological observations indicate that cancers affecting different organs and
      systems in humans have different causes. At the descriptive level, cancer
      incidence and mortality rates exhibit patterns of geographic and temporal
      variation which are distinct and separate for each cancer site and even, at a
      given site, for different histological types (for instance, increasing squamous
      cell carcinoma of the lung and decreasing stomach cancer in most developed
      countries in recent decades). The existence of these distinct patterns in itself
      indicates that different causes are at the origin of cancers at different sites.
      Hence, it is of scientific and practical importance not only to identify agents
      that are carcinogenic to humans but also to specify as definitely as possible the
      target organ(s) of their action. This is done in the present review of results in
      the International Agency for Research on Cancer Monographs on the Evaluation of
      the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans.

PMID- 6370427
TI  - Relationship between estrogen-receptor proteins and response to chemotherapy in
      breast cancer.

PMID- 6370428
TI  - Alternating pulses of vincristine-prednisone with cytarabine-cyclophosphamide
      versus vincristine-prednisone in the maintenance therapy of acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia.
AB  - From January 1976 to December 1978, 347 children less than or equal to 15 years
      of age were entered in a collaborative controlled trial which included: induction
      (vincristine-daunorubicin-prednisone); intensification (cytarabine
      cyclophosphamide); CNS prevention (intrathecal methotrexate-dexamethasone, three
      doses during induction and three weekly doses during the first month of
      maintenance, followed by one dose every 3 months for 48 months); and maintenance
      (6-mercaptopurine daily and methotrexate twice weekly with reinforcement pulse
      doses of either 1.5 mg/m2 X 1 of vincristine plus 40 mg/m2/day X 7 of prednisone
      [Arm A] or vincristine-prednisone alternating with 50 mg/m2 of cytarabine sc
      every 12 hours X 10 plus 600 mg/m2 X 1 of cyclophosphamide [Arm B]). Pulses were
      performed in both arms at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 months and every 3 months thereafter.
      Randomization was stratified according to age and initial wbc count. A total of
      89% (310/347) of patients achieved complete remission. Duration of continuous
      complete remission was evaluated according to prognostic factor groups. At 5
      years, 34.5% of patients with good prognosis, 24.8% with intermediate prognosis,
      and 12.8% with poor prognosis are in continuous complete remission. There is
      statistical difference between good versus poor prognosis (P less than 0.0005)
      and intermediate versus poor prognosis (P less than 0.025). Moreover, 5-year
      survival is 50.9%, 35.2%, and 18.2% in the good-, intermediate-, and poor
      prognosis groups, respectively. Duration of continuous complete remission up to
      the first event (ie, bone marrow, CNS, or other extramedullary relapse, or death
      in complete remission), according to prognostic groups, did not differ in
      relation to reinforcement pulses (Arm A or B). We conclude that there was no
      benefit in alternating pulses of vincristine-prednisone with cyclophosphamide
      cytarabine as used in this study.

PMID- 6370430
TI  - Structural studies of the O-specific side chain of the lipopolysaccharide from
      Escherichia coli O:7.
AB  - The structure of the O-specific side-chain of the lipopolysaccharide from
      Escherichia coli O:7 has been investigated, using n.m.r. spectroscopy,
      methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and Smith degradation as the principal
      methods. It is concluded that the polysaccharide is constructed of repeating
      pentasaccharide units having the structure (formula; see text) where D-QuipNAc
      stands for 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-D-glucopyranose. The 13C-n.m.r. spectrum of
      the polysaccharide has been interpreted completely.

PMID- 6370429
TI  - Treatment of patients with metastatic osteogenic sarcoma: a report from the
      Children's Cancer Study Group.
AB  - Fifty-three patients with metastatic osteogenic sarcoma were treated with
      vincristine, high-dose methotrexate with citrovorum factor rescue, and cisplatin.
      Metastases were surgically removed in most patients, either prior to chemotherapy
      or following initial response to therapy. Among 29 previously treated patients,
      responses to initial chemotherapy included two complete remissions, six partial
      remissions, and eight patients with stable disease. Twenty-three patients were
      disease-free, six for greater than 12 months. Toxicity was moderate, but usually
      reversible. There were two toxic deaths and one unexplained death 48 hours
      following a dose of cisplatin.

PMID- 6370431
TI  - Endogenous prostaglandin E2 metabolite levels, renin-angiotensin system and
      catecholamines versus acute hemodynamic response to captopril in chronic
      congestive heart failure.
AB  - Hemodynamic and hormonal responses to captopril were measured in 10 patients with
      severe chronic heart failure poorly controlled by digitalis and diuretics. After
      administration of a 25-mg dose, stroke volume (SV) increased from 53 +/- 7 to 63
      +/- 9 ml (p less than 0.05), while pulmonary wedge pressure (PWP) decreased from
      20 +/- 2 to 14 +/- 2 mm Hg (p less than 0.01). The hemodynamic changes were
      associated with increases in plasma renin activity (PRA; p less than 0.05) and in
      plasma levels of a novel bicyclo-prostaglandin E2 metabolite (bicyclo-PGE-m; p
      less than 0.01), whereas norepinephrine (NE) showed a falling tendency. In
      general, basal hemodynamic and basal hormonal levels did not correlate. Captopril
      induced changes in mean artery pressure (MAP) and mean pulmonary artery pressure
      (mPAP) were positively correlated to pre-captopril PRA (r = 0.74, p less than
      0.01; r = 0.64, p less than 0.05) and to changes in PRA (r = 0.85, p less than
      0.01; r = 0.80, p less than 0.01) with a similar trend for angiotensin II (AII);
      decreases of systemic vascular resistance were more pronounced in patients with
      higher control NE levels (r = 0.62, p less than 0.05), the reduction of NE levels
      being highest in patients with higher basal concentrations (p less than 0.001);
      the captopril-induced decreases of mPAP and PWP were inversely related to basal
      bicyclo-PGE-m levels (r = 0.60, p less than 0.05; r = 0.61, p less than 0.05),
      and changes in mPAP were closely related to basal ratios of AII/bicyclo-PGE-m (r
      = 0.67, p less than 0.01). Thus, captopril exerts its acute beneficial
      hemodynamic effect by inhibiting the generation of AII, associated with toning
      down of sympathetic stimulation and increased production of vasodilating
      prostaglandins, such as PGE2. The relation between AII and PGE2-counteracting
      substances-might determine the hemodynamic response to captopril in the patients.

PMID- 6370432
TI  - Relationships between plasma catecholamines, renin, age and blood pressure in
      essential hypertension.
AB  - The aim of this study was to examine the interrelationships between age, plasma
      catecholamines, plasma renin activity (PRA) and blood pressure in essential
      hypertensive (EH) patients. PRA, plasma noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (A)
      were measured in 76 consecutive EH patients (WHO stages 1-2, aged 24-66 years)
      and in 28 normotensive subjects (aged 25-64 years) studied at rest in supine
      position after 5 days of normal fixed sodium and potassium intake. Both plasma NA
      and A were slightly but significantly higher in EH patients (p less than 0.05).
      While no relationship was found between the various parameters in normotensive
      subjects, in EH patients, particularly those at WHO stage 2, plasma NA was
      directly related to mean blood pressure (MBP) (p less than 0.001) and PRA (p less
      than 0.01). Plasma A was weakly related to MBP (p less than 0.05); PRA was
      inversely related to age (p less than 0.01) but no relationship was found between
      NA or A and age. Partial correlation analysis confirmed all these relationships.
      In fact, NA was related to MBP also considering constant PRA (p less than 0.001)
      or age (p less than 0.001), and NA was related to PRA also considering constant
      MBP (p less than 0.01) or age (p less than 0.001). Acute pharmacological alpha-
      and beta-blockade, with labetalol 100 mg i.v., induced a reduction of MBP which
      was directly related to basal plasma NA (p less than 0.001). These results
      support the view that in EH the sympathetic nervous system might be in part
      responsible for PRA levels and for the severity of hypertension.

PMID- 6370433
TI  - Captopril in refractory heart failure: clinical and hemodynamic observations.
AB  - 10 patients suffering from refractory heart failure were treated with an oral
      angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril. The etiology of heart failure
      in 9 patients was related to ischemic heart disease, and to valvular heart
      disease in 1 patient. All patients experienced subjective improvement and feeling
      of well-being. The functional capacity improved to class II-IIB. Serial chest X
      ray films showed improvement in pulmonary congestion. The time course of the
      hemodynamic effect appeared to 0.5-1.5 h after intake, and tended to disappear
      about 6 h later. The optimal dose of the drug achieving maximal hemodynamic
      benefit without excessive hypotension was 50 mg. Some of the patients exhibited a
      triphasic response. The cardiac index increased from 1.99 +/- 0.1 to 2.69 +/-
      0.151/min/m (p less than 0.001), while pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
      decreased from 25.3 +/- 5.86 to 13.67 +/- 4.14 mm Hg (p less than 0.001). Mean
      peripheral arterial blood pressure decreased from 90.06 +/- 3.7 to 71.4 +/- 2.7
      mm Hg. The total peripheral resistance decreased from 1,942 +/- 169 to 1,170 +/-
      109 dyn X s X cm-5. The total pulmonary resistance decreased from 272.6 +/- 42.9
      to 142.34 +/- 13.76 dyn X s X cm-5. Heart rate decreased from 83.4 +/- 10.9 to
      70.8 +/- 10.14 bpm (p less than 0.01). During a 6-month follow-up period the
      beneficial clinical effects of captopril were sustained, without late vasodilator
      tolerance. 1 death, unrelated to captopril, occurred. 2 patients developed
      transient rash, and 1 experienced transient dysgeusia.

PMID- 6370434
TI  - Long-term evaluation of group education for high blood pressure control.

PMID- 6370435
TI  - Recent methods for assessing effectiveness of antihypertensive agents.
AB  - Clinically relevant graphic approaches to the assessment of patients' blood
      pressure responses to antihypertensive agents are reviewed and extended to
      include both statistical components and the effects of treatment-related patient
      discontinuations. Regression line fits of change in diastolic blood pressure
      (DBP) versus baseline diastolic blood pressure (BDBP) are used for multicenter
      comparisons of placebo, guanabenz, methyldopa, clonidine, propranolol,
      hydrochlorothiazide, and the combination of guanabenz plus hydrochlorothiazide.
      Orientations of the fitted lines can be contrasted to certain "ideal" response
      profiles and are particularly useful for comparative purposes. An additional
      graphic approach was developed to show overall "therapeutic" response rate
      categories, two of which account for patients discontinuing treatment because of
      nonresponse or adverse effects. This approach assesses antihypertensive
      effectiveness, "adjusted" for the effects of treatment-related patient
      withdrawal, thus addressing criticisms often raised in the evaluation of such
      agents. Although these methods are generally useful for comparing agents used in
      chronic disease therapy, further work is needed to extend these procedures to
      incorporate safety assessments and overall benefit-risk considerations in the
      selection of treatment modalities.

PMID- 6370436
TI  - Gastroesophageal reflux disease: an update.

PMID- 6370437
TI  - Double-blind comparison of lorazepam and chlordiazepoxide in the treatment of the
      acute alcohol abstinence syndrome.
AB  - The anxiolytic efficacy and safety of lorazepam and chlordiazepoxide were
      evaluated and compared during a five-day double-blind trial in 50 male inpatients
      who were experiencing acute alcohol withdrawal symptoms. The total daily doses of
      lorazepam and chlordiazepoxide were tapered from 6 to 2 mg and from 150 to 50 mg,
      respectively, during the first four days; no medication was given on day 5. Drug
      effectiveness was measured by improvements in the total severity assessment score
      (TSAS), in the three composite TSAS factors, and by the physician's global
      rating. No drug-related adverse effects occurred during treatment. Vital signs
      remained stable, and laboratory test results remained within normal limits. The
      results indicate that lorazepam was as effective as chlordiazepoxide in reducing
      the symptoms of acute alcohol withdrawal. Because of its simpler and more
      predictable metabolic pathway and its insignificant accumulation in plasma during
      multiple-dose therapy, lorazepam may be the drug of choice if benzodiazepine
      therapy is required for chronic alcoholics with acute withdrawal symptoms.

PMID- 6370438
TI  - Adrenal suppression with high-potency corticosteroid ointment formulations in
      normal subjects.
AB  - In this 14-day, double-blind, in-clinic study, 24 healthy male volunteers were
      assigned at random to one of four treatment groups to compare the effects of a
      new formulation of 0.05% diflorasone diacetate ointment in a vehicle of propylene
      glycol (PG) with the effects of ointments of 0.05% fluocinonide, 0.05% clobetasol
      propionate, or the vehicle for diflorasone diacetate PG. The medication was
      applied to 75% of each subject's total body surface once a day for six
      consecutive days. During treatment and four days before and four days after
      treatment, various indicators of adrenal suppression were measured. A reduction
      in plasma cortisol levels was seen in several patients in each treatment group
      during the pretreatment period (days 1-4). Plasma cortisol continued to decrease
      during treatment and tended to return to pretreatment levels after cessation of
      therapy. There were no statistically significant differences between treatment
      groups. The lowering of plasma cortisol values in all groups was attributed to
      the applied medications as well as to the volunteers' change in daily routine and
      environment.

PMID- 6370439
TI  - A multicenter, double-blind comparison of oxaprozin, phenylbutazone, and placebo
      therapy in patients with tendinitis and bursitis.
AB  - The effects of 1,200 mg of oxaprozin once daily, 100 mg of phenylbutazone four
      times daily, and placebo were compared in the treatment of 125 patients with
      acute tendinitis and bursitis in a seven-day double-blind study at six clinical
      sites. Patients in all three treatment groups showed significant (P less than
      0.05) improvement as early as the third treatment day. Both the oxaprozin- and
      phenylbutazone-treated patients frequently showed significantly (P less than
      0.05) greater improvement than those in the placebo group in both physician and
      patient efficacy assessments. The most frequently reported adverse effects were
      nausea, vomiting, and headache. The results of this study indicate that oxaprozin
      is as effective and safe as phenylbutazone and superior to placebo in the
      treatment of patients with acute tendinitis and bursitis.

PMID- 6370441
TI  - [Dr. Josef Charvat, professor of internal medicine at Charles University, died on
      31 January 1984].

PMID- 6370440
TI  - Evaluation of a new aminoglycoside antibiotic in the treatment of infections in
      neonates, infants, and children.
AB  - A total of 804 pediatric patients (572 neonates and 232 infants and children)
      with suspected or documented serious infections were enrolled in a multicenter
      open study of netilmicin, a new semisynthetic aminoglycoside. All patients were
      evaluable for safety; 161 (20%) had bacteriologically documented infections and
      were thus evaluable for efficacy. Clinical success was seen in 94.4% (169/179)
      and bacteriological success in 91.1% (163/179) of sites; clinical success was
      seen in 94% (205/218) and bacteriological success was seen in 90.3% (196/217) of
      organisms. No significant adverse renal function changes were seen, and only one
      instance of an eighth nerve problem, probably related to netilmicin therapy, was
      encountered.

PMID- 6370442
TI  - [100th anniversary of the resumption of activity at the Czech Medical School in
      Prague].

PMID- 6370443
TI  - [Frequency analysis of the ECG at rest, during physical exercise, after
      administration of a glucose-insulin-potassium solution and after administration
      of heparin].

PMID- 6370444
TI  - [Pathophysiological significance of lipoperoxides in tissue ischemia. Review].

PMID- 6370445
TI  - [Leprosy--the first references in China].

PMID- 6370446
TI  - Correlation between the rhythms of blood insulin levels and the stimulation of
      spleen lymphocytes by concanavalin-A in mice.
AB  - An ultradian rhythm of DNA synthesis and an in-vitro response to Concanavalin-A
      (Con-A) stimulation has been found in splenocytes of DBA/2 male mice, living
      under conditions standardized for light-synchronized periodicity. It was
      characterized by two peaks during the nycthemeral cycle. One of them was very
      sharp. In spite of a constant mode of synchronization of the animals, there were
      seasonal variations of the rhythm. Such variations did not, however, affect the
      position of the sharp peak, which occurred always at the same hour. The rhythm of
      incorporation of [3H]-thymidine by splenocytes, whether or not stimulated by Con
      A, seemed correlated with that of blood insulin levels in mice. The possible
      effect of the physiological increase in blood insulin during the circadian cycle
      has been confirmed experimentally. Thus it seems probable that insulin would be
      one of the internal synchronizers .

PMID- 6370448
TI  - An immunocytochemical study of endocrine pancreas of snakes.
AB  - The pancreas from eleven species of snakes representing both advanced and
      primitive families has been investigated for the presence of eleven regulatory
      peptides reported to occur in the mammalian endocrine pancreas. Of the eleven
      peptides studied, insulin, pancreatic glucagon and somatostatin were present in
      endocrine cells within the islets of all the species investigated. The
      neuropeptide, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, was located within nerve
      terminals innervating the islets in the Boidinae, Colubrinae, Elaphidae and
      Crotalidae but absent from the Natricinae investigated. No immunoreactivity was
      demonstrable with the antisera to substance P, met-enkephalin, C-terminal
      gastrin, bombesin, glicentin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide. Pancreatic
      polypeptide-like immunoreactivity was demonstrable only in the boid snakes and
      exclusively stained by a C-terminal specific antiserum.

PMID- 6370447
TI  - Vimentin filaments in spreading, randomly locomoting, and f-met-leu-phe-treated
      neutrophils.
AB  - Human neutrophils contain intermediate filaments of the vimentin type. A
      cytoskeletal preparation, produced by high-salt and Triton X-100 extraction of
      human neutrophils, reveals a major band at 57000 Mr that comigrates with 3T3 cell
      vimentin on one-dimensional gels. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of whole
      neutrophils illustrates the presence of vimentin but not desmin- or keratin
      filament subunits. The presence of vimentin in neutrophils is also shown by its
      specific staining with avian vimentin antiserum by two-dimensional gel
      immunoautoradiography. Indirect immunofluorescence studies show that vimentin
      antiserum labels an area on one side of the nucleus in spreading neutrophils.
      This bright area appears as a loose knot of vimentin filaments; a few filaments
      may radiate from the knot. In contrast to spreading neutrophils, those undergoing
      random locomotion contain a fine network of filaments that are located in the
      cytoplasm between the nucleus and the trailing end of the cell. Similarly, in
      chemoattractant-treated neutrophils, vimentin filaments are bundled in the
      uropod. Transmission electron microscopy of human neutrophil monolayers confirms
      the intracellular distribution of intermediate filaments as shown by
      immunofluorescence in spreading and randomly locomoting cells.

PMID- 6370449
TI  - Angioarchitecture of the pancreas of the cat. Light-, scanning- and transmission
      electron microscopy.
AB  - By the use of scanning- and transmission electron microscopy, the possible
      sources of errors in interpretation of the microcirculation of the pancreas can
      be reduced in comparison to the classical India-ink injection method. Sphincter
      like structures in the capillary wall of the cat pancreas are established by
      pericytes. These sphincters encircle the junctional zones between the endocrine
      and exocrine capillaries. They are assumed to be regulatory structures of blood
      flow and to regulate indirectly hormone secretion according to demand.

PMID- 6370450
TI  - Immunohistochemical study on the morphology of enterochromaffin cells in the
      human fundic mucosa.
AB  - The morphology of enterochromaffin (EC) cells in the human fundic mucosa was
      investigated at the light-microscopic level by means of the unlabeled peroxidase
      anti-peroxidase method, with the use of a highly specific anti-serotonin serum.
      EC-cells in the human fundic mucosa were sparsely distributed below the neck
      portion of the gland, but were found to be rather numerous in its lower half.
      Immunohistochemistry revealed marked pleomorphic and seemingly polynuclear EC
      cells or cells with long, sometimes multipolar cytoplasmic processes. In
      addition, luminal contacts and contiguity between EC-cells, or interglandular
      connections were also encountered. The present immunohistochemical procedure
      permits, for the first time, a clear-cut morphological visualization of the
      entire population of EC-cells, and reveals the distinctive morphological features
      of these cells in the human fundic mucosa. These morphological findings imply
      that EC-cells in the fundic mucosa may be crucial in gastric function.

PMID- 6370451
TI  - Methionine-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the nervous ganglion and the ovary
      of a protochordate, Ciona intestinalis.
AB  - When methionine-enkephalin antiserum was applied to paraffin sections of adult
      Ciona intestinalis it reacted with neurons in the ganglion and along the visceral
      nerve. The fluorescence was strong before and during spawning season, but
      partially disappeared at the end of August. With the same antibody a positive
      immunoreactivity was detected in the ovary during the growth of oocytes. The
      distribution of positive granules in the cytoplasm did not change significantly
      with varying lighting conditions (normal photoperiod, permanent light or
      darkness) in which the animals were maintained. In contrast, treatment with a
      substance isolated from crude extracts of Ciona ("peroxide 1") induced a dense,
      crescent-like concentration of positive granules near the nucleus of oocytes. The
      follicular cells did not show any immunofluorescent reaction.

PMID- 6370452
TI  - The ontogenetic development of the follicular dendritic cell. An ultrastructural
      study by means of intravenously injected horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-anti-HRP
      complexes as marker.
AB  - After intravenous injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-anti-HRP complexes in
      21-day-old rats, complex trapping occurs on reticulum cells, forming the stroma
      of primary follicles of spleens. After intravenous injection of the same
      complexes in young adult rats (48 days old), trapping occurs on characteristic
      follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) located in well-developed germinal centers.
      These results strongly suggest that the follicular dendritic cell originates from
      a reticulum cell.

PMID- 6370453
TI  - Ependymal and neuronal specializations in the lateral ventricle of the Pekin
      duck, Anas platyrhynchos.
AB  - The lateral ventricles of the Pekin duck, Anas platyrhynchos, display
      characteristic ependymal and hypendymal specializations. Adjacent to the nucleus
      accumbens and the basal pole of the lateral septum the ventricular surface shows
      a highly folded pattern either with protrusions into the ventricular lumen or
      deep invaginations into the brain tissue. These medial and basal ependymal folds
      are found exclusively in a circumscribed region extending over a range of 600
      micron in the rostrocaudal direction. Ependymal folds occurring in the lateral
      wall of the ventricles were traced up to the level of the interventricular
      foramen. Numerous capillaries are observed in the subependymal layer of these
      folds. By means of immunocytochemistry with antibodies against chicken vasoactive
      intestinal polypeptide (VIP) an aggregation of classical cerebrospinal fluid
      contacting neurons is shown in the region of the nucleus accumbens and the
      lateral septum. These neurons are closely related to the ependymal folds.
      Additional VIP-immunoreactive neurons are scattered in deeper layers of the
      lateral septum and the nucleus accumbens. The latter are richly innervated by VIP
      immunoreactive nerve fibers. The results of the present study are discussed with
      particular reference to the hypothesis of Kuenzel and van Tienhoven (1982) that
      ependymal specializations demonstrated in the lateral ventricles of the domestic
      fowl might represent a new circumventricular organ ("lateral septal organ").

PMID- 6370454
TI  - Localization of corticotropin-releasing factor-containing neurons in the brain of
      the domestic fowl. An immunohistochemical study.
AB  - The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-containing neurons were investigated in
      the brain of the domestic fowl by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase
      technique at the light-microscopic level. The detection of CRF-immunoreactivity
      was facilitated by silver intensification. CRF-containing perikarya were found in
      the paraventricular, preoptic and mammillary nuclei of the hypothalamus and in
      some extrahypothalamic areas (nuclei dorsomedialis and dorsolateralis thalami,
      nucleus accumbens septi, lobus parolfactorius, periaqueductal gray of the
      mesencephalon, nucleus oculomotorius ventralis). Immunoreactive nerve fibers and
      terminals were demonstrated in the external zone of the median eminence and the
      organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis. These results indicate that an
      immunologically demonstrable CRF-neurosecretory system also exists in the avian
      central nervous system.

PMID- 6370457
TI  - Drug resistance of Plasmodium falciparum in Africa with particular reference to
      chloroquine resistance in Zimbabwe.

PMID- 6370455
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of LHRH in the median eminence, infundibular
      stalk, and neurohypophysis. Evidence for multiple sites of releasing hormone
      secretion in humans and other mammals.
AB  - The distribution of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) was studied by
      light-microscopic immunocytochemistry in the hypothalamo-pituitary complex of
      humans, monkeys, ferrets, bats, and rats. LHRH-immunoreactive fibers were
      identified in the median eminence of all these species, but the precise location
      of these fibers varied. In rats, the vast majority of LHRH fibers in the median
      eminence was confined to the external zone. In contrast, in bats, most of the
      LHRH fibers were located in the internal zone. While these two species represent
      opposite extremes in distribution of LHRH fibers within the median eminence,
      intermediate conditions were found in humans, monkeys, and ferrets, as
      considerable numbers of fibers occurred in both internal and external zones. In
      addition to fibers in the median eminence, large numbers of LHRH-immunoreactive
      fibers were identified traversing the infundibular stalk and entering the neural
      lobe of the pituitary in all species examined except the rat. In rats, only
      occasional fibers were observed in the infundibular stalk, and they did not
      project into the neural lobe. However, in humans, monkeys, ferrets, and bats,
      groups of LHRH-immunoreactive fibers extended well into the substance of the
      posterior pituitary. Most of these fibers appeared to terminate near the
      adenohypophysis, but others coursed away from the anterior lobe and penetrated
      deeper portions of the neural lobe. These observations, made in several mammalian
      species, indicate that multiple routes may exist in the median
      eminence/stalk/pituitary complex for the delivery of LHRH to the anterior
      pituitary.

PMID- 6370456
TI  - Is intracellular Ca2+ the trigger for oxygen radical production by
      polymorphonuclear leucocytes?
AB  - The aim of this paper is critically to evaluate the existing evidence for the
      role of intracellular Ca2+ in polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) activation and in
      particular in oxygen radical production. Indirect experiments are based on the
      manipulation of extracellular Ca2+, measurement of 45Ca fluxes, employing
      pharmacological agents such as Ca2+-ionophores and intracellular Ca2+ antagonists
      and monitoring chlortetracycline fluorescence. Experiments of this type do not
      provide the necessary definitive evidence that an increase in intracellular Ca2+
      is the trigger for PMN activation. Recent direct measurements of intracellular
      free Ca2+ using the Ca2+-activated photoprotein, obelin, and the Ca2+-sensitive
      fluorescent indicator, quin 2, have provided evidence for the existence of two
      distinct mechanisms of activation, one triggered by a rise in intracellular Ca2+
      and the other independent of a rise in intracellular Ca2+. The source of the Ca2+
      for the former mechanism is mainly extracellular but can also come from an
      intracellular Ca2+ store.

PMID- 6370458
TI  - Oliver Goldsmith: doctor, poet, writer.

PMID- 6370459
TI  - Nervus intermedius neuralgia (Hunt).

PMID- 6370460
TI  - Technical considerations for cardiac laboratory high-definition video systems.
AB  - With the expanding use of video systems in diagnostic imaging a significant
      benefit could be obtained by applying this technology in the cardiac
      catheterization laboratory. Reduced radiation exposure to the patient and staff,
      reduced examination cost by the elimination of cine film and equipment (cameras,
      processors, etc), and instant replay of each injection would result in improved
      patient care. We discuss the technical parameters of a video system which we have
      found suitable for diagnostic purposes and describe how this system is used on a
      day-to-day basis. In addition, the technical aspects of higher bandwidth, higher
      line rate systems is presented, and we show that these more sophisticated systems
      provide no advantage over conventional high-definition television and, in fact,
      degrade the diagnostic quality of the image.

PMID- 6370461
TI  - Modulation of lymphocyte migration by human lymphokines. III. Characterization of
      a lymphocyte migration inhibitory factor (LyMIF35K).
AB  - The lymphokine that augments the migration of nonsensitized T lymphocytes (LCF)
      has been observed to be predominantly a chemokinetic factor, suggesting that
      separate lymphocyte migration inhibitory lymphokine(s) might exist. Utilizing a
      modified Boyden chamber assay, lymphocyte migration inhibitory activity was
      identified in the culture supernatants of human nylon wool-nonadherent blood
      mononuclear cells stimulated with concanavalin A in vitro for 48 hr. Sephadex G
      100 gel filtration chromatography of these culture supernatants was shown to
      contain two regions of noncytotoxic migration inhibitory activity for
      nonsensitized human blood lymphocytes and rat splenic lymphocytes. The 30-40,000
      dalton inhibitory activity was further characterized and noted to be cationic by
      ion-exchange chromatography and isoelectric focusing (pI = 8.6). Its biologic
      activity was sensitive to neuraminidase and to heat treatment but not to trypsin.
      The migration inhibitory activity of this factor (LyMIF35K) was directly
      proportional to its ability to increase lymphocyte adherence.

PMID- 6370462
TI  - Distribution of the major histocompatibility complex antigens on different
      cellular components of human liver.
AB  - Monoclonal mouse antibodies to the "framework" determinants of the class I and II
      molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) were used to demonstrate
      the presence of the MHC antigens in human liver. First, the localization of these
      antigens was demonstrated from frozen section histology with indirect FITC
      immunofluorescence and the cell component(s) binding the mouse antibody were
      identified by rabbit marker antisera and indirect TRITC immunofluorescence.
      Second, the antigen expression on the cell surface was analyzed by the
      Staphylococcus aureus rosette method from cytological cell smears. All antibodies
      reacted with cells in the liver sinusoids, both with the Kupffer cells and at
      least partially with the sinusoidal endothelial cells. The same antisera reacted
      also with the bile duct cells, though weaker, and with some stromal cells in
      close proximity of the blood vessels. The vascular endothelial cells of hepatic
      artery, hepatic vein, and portal vein displayed no reaction. Thus human liver
      differs strikingly from, e.g., human kidney, where the vascular endothelial cells
      contain large amounts of MHC antigens on the cell surface. This difference may be
      one explanation to why liver allografts are less promptly rejected than renal
      allografts in man.

PMID- 6370463
TI  - Lymphocyte subpopulations in the neonate: a subset of HNK-1-, OKT3-, OKT8+
      lymphocytes displays natural killer activity.
AB  - It has been recently reported that cord blood lymphocytes (CBL) contain a
      subpopulation of OKT8+, sheep erythrocyte-rosetting negative (E-) cells not
      detectable in adult peripheral blood lymphocytes (a-PBL). The present studies
      were undertaken to characterize this subset of lymphocytes functionally and
      phenotypically. OKT8+ cells were purified from E-depleted CBL by negative
      selection on nylon-wool columns as well as by positive selection on plates coated
      with rabbit antibody to murine IgG (panning). The purified CBL displayed natural
      killer (NK) activity against K562 erythroleukemic cells. Although most of these
      CBL were large granular lymphocytes, they lacked typical NK markers such as HNK-1
      and OKM1 surface antigens. Most OKT8+, OKT3- cells were also OKT10+, Ia+ and had
      the receptor for peanut agglutinin. These CBL may represent a stage along the
      differentiation pathway leading to mature NK or T cells.

PMID- 6370464
TI  - Correlation between strong adjuvanticity of Klebsiella O3 lipopolysaccharide and
      its ability to induce interleukin-1 secretion.
AB  - Adjuvant activity of Klebsiella O3 lipopolysaccharide (KO3 LPS) in augmenting
      antibody response and delayed-type hypersensitivity to protein antigens in SMA
      mice was much stronger than that of LPS from Escherichia coli O55 and O127 (EO55
      LPS and EO127 LPS). Relationship between strength of the adjuvant activity and
      that of the ability to induce interleukin-1 (IL-1) secretion by peritoneal
      macrophages from C3H/HeN or SMA mice was investigated using these three kinds of
      LPS. When supernatant samples of macrophages cultured at 37 degrees C for 24 hr
      in the presence of 5 micrograms/ml LPS were assayed by their mitogenic effect on
      thymocytes from C3H/HeJ mice, KO3 LPS induced the secretion of about four to six
      times greater amounts of IL-1 activity than did EO127 LPS. When concentration of
      LPS used for stimulation of macrophages was varied from 0.1 to 50 micrograms/ml,
      KO3 LPS induced the secretion of definitely greater amounts of IL-1 activity than
      did EO55 LPS and EO127 LPS throughout the LPS concentrations tested. Nearly the
      same amount of IL-1 activity as that produced by 10 micrograms/ml EO55 LPS or 50
      micrograms/ml EO127 LPS could be produced by 1.0 microgram/ml or lower
      concentrations of KO3 LPS.

PMID- 6370465
TI  - Papers presented at the 1983 thirty-sixth annual meeting of the Japan Society for
      Cell Biology held in Kyoto, December 5-7.

PMID- 6370466
TI  - [The effect of internal and external factors on the functional maturation of the
      auditory cortex].

PMID- 6370467
TI  - [30 years of the Slovak Otolaryngological Society].

PMID- 6370468
TI  - [Pathologic anatomy at the University in Prague before 1882].
AB  - The 100th anniversary of the Czech School of Medicine and the 125th anniversary
      of the department of pathology building.

PMID- 6370469
TI  - [The first report of "senile" amyloidosis of the heart--I. Soyka, 1876, Prague].
AB  - Isidor Soyka (1850--1889) described, as first, in 1876 in a Prague medical
      journal the lesion, which is nowadays termed, "senile cardiac amyloid".
      Information regarding both the original paper and the author is presented.

PMID- 6370470
TI  - [Study of a female patient with cysts of the spinal root sheaths].

PMID- 6370471
TI  - Merozoites of P. falciparum require glycophorin for invasion into red cells.
AB  - The importance of the red cell membrane sialoglycoproteins in the invasion of P.
      falciparum merozoites has been assessed. Human erythrocytes deficient in
      glycophorin A (En(a-)cells) or B (S-s-U-, S-s-U+ cells) showed significant
      resistance to invasion. Treatment of normal erythrocytes with trypsin and
      chymotrypsin also reduced invasion. These results indicate that determinants
      carried on glycophorins A, B and C play an essential role in the successful
      invasion into human red cells. Sugar components present on glycophorin, in
      particular N-acetyl glucosamine and N-acetyl galactosamine, as shown by specific
      sugar and antibody inhibition studies, appear to act as important determinants
      for attachment to the erythrocyte. This implicates a protein(s) on the merozoite
      surface membrane which has the properties of a lectin.

PMID- 6370472
TI  - [The Duffy blood group in migrants of French-speaking Africa].
AB  - The Duffy blood types survey in 544 subjects coming from French speaking African
      countries, shows the high percentage of subjects having a Duffy a- b- blood type
      (94%). It ought to be emphasized that this predominantly Duffy a- b- population
      resides in areas in where there is according to the WHO data, a very low
      incidence of Plasmodium vivax invasion. Moreover, we have taken for another
      example North Vietnam, an area where there is a large Plasmodium vivax invasion
      and where we have found a small percentage of Duffy negative subjects (5.6%). In
      agreement with many authors reporting an association between Duffy negatively and
      vivax malarial refractoriness, this survey demonstrate that in French speaking
      African areas where there is a very low incidence of Plasmodium vivax invasion we
      have found, as expected, a high rate of Duffy negative subject.

PMID- 6370474
TI  - Malarial immunity in pregnant mice, in relation to total and unbound plasma
      corticosterone.
AB  - A pregnancy dependent loss of malarial immunity is accompanied by an (excessive)
      increase of total as well as free plasma corticosterone. This loss of immunity
      was largely prevented by adrenalectomy. Moreover, malarial immunity was more
      sensitive to dexamethasone immunosuppression during pregnancy. Primary infections
      are more virulent during pregnancy and like in recrudescent mice, cause excessive
      total and free plasma corticosterone levels. Corticosterone may be considered an
      immuno-regulatory serum factor during pregnancy, the endocrine regulation of
      which is disturbed in pregnant, infected mice.

PMID- 6370475
TI  - Differential susceptibility of rodent malaria parasites to nonspecific immunity.
AB  - Nonspecific immunity to rodent malaria parasites can be produced by immunising
      mice with heterologous parasites or pretreating them with BCG, Corynebacterium
      parvum or Brucella abortus. Nonspecific immunity is easily produced against
      Plasmodium vinckei but not P. berghei. This is due to the difference between the
      cells occupied by the parasites, young red blood cells in the case of P. berghei
      and mature red blood cells in the case of P. vinckei.

PMID- 6370473
TI  - Malaria at the University Hospital and the St.-Clara Hospital, Basel, in the
      period of 1970-1979.
AB  - History, chemoprophylaxis, symptoms, signs, and therapy in 40 malaria patients
      hospitalised at the University Hospital and the St.-Clara Hospital, Basel, in the
      period of 1970 to 1979 are reported. These patients have been infected to a major
      part (85%) in Africa. 36 of them are Europeans and only 4 are citizens of a
      nation with endemic malaria. 64% of the identified Plasmodia were P. falciparum.
      Special interest is focused on the problems of intensive care of the 13 cases of
      malaria with severe course. Main problems were: chemotherapy, impaired
      consciousness, steroids in cerebral malaria, diffuse intravascular coagulation,
      and renal insufficiency. These problems are discussed and compared with
      international literature.

PMID- 6370476
TI  - [Detection of antibodies against ovum antigens in Schistosoma mansoni
      bilharziasis].
AB  - Fifty-five sera from bilharziasis patients from West Indies and thirty-five
      control sera (from normal subjects and patients with hydatidosis and
      fascioliasis) were examined by ELISA for antibodies reacting with S. mansoni
      soluble egg antigen MSA1 . MSA1 antigen was prepared according to Pelley and
      coupled to isothiocyanate substituted plastic discs. Sensitivity and specificity
      of reaction were good. Moreover, in experimental infection in mice, sera of mice
      cured with praziquantel became negative. The sera were also examined by a whole
      egg antigen in counter immunoelectrophoresis. The results of the two different
      techniques correspond well although ELISA using purified antigen prove to be more
      specific and sensitive.

PMID- 6370477
TI  - [ELISA methods for the detection of Trypanosoma cruzi carriers. Comparative
      study].
AB  - Each of the serological methods used for the screening of T. cruzi carriers has
      its advantage and disadvantage. Owing to the detection, particularly concerning
      blood transfusion, a selection of techniques, as wide as possible, and which
      don't aim the same antibodies is now carried out. Therefore, we have tried to
      perfect an ELISA-like reaction. This kind of analysis appeared very sensitive,
      faithful and reproducible in other parasitology fields. It became evident for us
      to try to apply this method to the diagnosis of Chagas disease. In order to test
      this method , we compared the results obtained with the one given by other usual
      reactions: immunofluorescence and passive hemagglutination test. In an other
      hand, we have, for the whole three methods, estimated the possible crossed
      reactions, particularly with leishmaniasis, african trypanosomiasis and myeloma.
      From these results, it can be deduced that: --the ELISA reaction used with a
      total homologous antigen is sensitive and discriminant towards the other
      trypanosoma. The ratio of the crossed reactions with visceral leishmaniasis is
      the same compared to immunofluorescence. It allows the exploration of recent
      infestations; --the ELISA reaction done with a dislipided antigen is very
      sensitive. In the meantime, crossed reactions are possible with other
      trypanosomiasis.

PMID- 6370478
TI  - Specific IgE antibodies and IgE containing circulating immune complexes in human
      schistosomiasis.
AB  - IgE antibodies (IgE-AB) have been investigated in patients infected with S.
      mansoni, S. haematobium, S. mansoni and S. haematobium or S. intercalatum using
      an enzyme immuno assay based on the RAST principle. Antigens applied were crude
      extracts from S. mansoni, S. haematobium and S. japonicum adult worms. IgE
      containing immune complexe (IgE-CIC) were determined by precipitation with PEG
      and subsequent identification with I125 labelled antihuman IgE. In the patients
      with schistosomiasis IgE-AB to the homologous antigen were demonstrated in 84% of
      monoinfected and in 100% of the mixed-infected individuals. Within the mixed
      infected patient group IgE-AB to S. mansoni antigen were significantly higher
      than to S. haematobium. Cross-reactivity of IgE-antibodies was proved by use of
      S. haematobium and S. japonicum antigen in S. mansoni monoinfection . Specifity
      of the test was 94%. The amount of IgE-CIC correlated significantly with the
      concentration of the homologous IgE-AB, indicating that these CIC were composed
      of specific antibodies linked to parasite antigen.

PMID- 6370479
TI  - [Effects of anti-infectious immunomodulators in leprosy and malaria in the
      mouse].
AB  - Immunomodulators, whether natural (polysaccharides) or industrial (non-hemolytic
      detergents) proved active by themselves, in preventive or curative schemes of
      experimental leprosy and malaria. However, their activity was most often
      increased, through joint administration with chemotherapeutic agents.

PMID- 6370480
TI  - [Diagnosis of the Whitmore bacillus in the laboratory].
AB  - After realization of a new synthetic medium for Whitmore bacillus enrichment and
      isolation, the authors describe a new specific and immunologic process for
      Pseudomonas pseudomallei isolation from very polluted samples.

PMID- 6370481
TI  - The bactericidal and opsonic effects of serum from patients with sickle cell
      anaemia.
AB  - The bactericidal and opsonic activity of serum from 12 homozygous sicklers was
      compared with that of a single control pool of healthy nonsickler African serum.
      Factorially designed experiments were used to calculate 4 indices which were
      expressed as the ratio of test to control. Using S. enteritidis and normal human
      neutrophils viability indices (VI) were calculated for serum, for ingested
      organisms and for cells + serum, together with a phagocytic index (PI) for cells.
      Only 1 of the 12 sickler sera gave values equal to that for the control, the
      remainder showing marked deviation. The survival of organisms in sickler serum
      was 3 times that in control serum. Phagocytosis by neutrophils in the presence of
      test sera was only 10% of that in control sera and survival of ingested bacteria
      was 6 times greater. In the presence of neutrophils overall bacterial survival
      was 22 times greater for sickler than for control serum.

PMID- 6370482
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics and urinary metabolism of albendazole in man].
AB  - Albendazole, a new broad spectrum benzimidazole anthelmintic, has been
      administered in 10 male volunteers. Administration was randomized using 100 mg
      tablets, 200 mg tablets and a 2% suspension. Blood samples were obtained 0.5; 1;
      1.5; 2; 2.5; 3; 3.5; 4; 5; 6; 8; 12; 24; 72 h after treatment. Albendazole
      sulfoxide, one of the mains albendazole blood metabolites, was assayed by HPLC
      and the blood half life was calculated as 8 1/2 h. The three different
      pharmaceutical formulations were considered bioequivalent. Urines were collected,
      and using T. L. C. Technics, main metabolites were identified and characterized.
      Hydrolysis of the carbamate function and oxidation of the sulfur atom, the alkyle
      chain and the aromatic ring were the main biotransformations observed.

PMID- 6370483
TI  - Franco-British cooperation in tropical medicine.

PMID- 6370484
TI  - An analysis of malaria in pregnancy in Africa.

PMID- 6370485
TI  - Chloroquine susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum in Haiti.
AB  - In January and February 1982, in vivo and in vitro studies of the chloroquine
      sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum were conducted in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Of
      19 infections tested in vivo using the WHO extended test, all but one were
      susceptible to the drug; the remaining case showed a recurrence of parasitaemia
      on day 28. Of the 19 corresponding 48-hour in vitro tests, 16 provided
      interpretable results; 12 tests demonstrated sensitivity to the drug, while in
      the remaining 4, parasite multiplication was inhibited only at drug
      concentrations higher than that previously accepted as indicative of sensitivity.
      (These four included the isolate from the patient who had a recurrence of
      parasitaemia on day 28.) While these results provide no absolute demonstration of
      chloroquine resistance, they underline the need for close monitoring of the
      susceptibility to chloroquine of P. falciparum in Haiti.

PMID- 6370486
TI  - Ebola virus disease in southern Sudan: hospital dissemination and intrafamilial
      spread.
AB  - Between 31 July and 6 October 1979, 34 cases of Ebola virus disease (22 of which
      were fatal) occurred among five families in a rural district of southern Sudan;
      the disease was introduced into four of the families from a local hospital.
      Chains of secondary spread within the family units, accounting for 29 cases
      resulted from direct physical contact with an infected person. Among all persons
      with such contact in the family setting, those who provided nursing care had a
      5.1-fold increased risk of infection, emphasizing the importance of intimate
      contact in the spread of this disease. The absence of illness among persons who
      were exposed to cases in confined spaces, but without physical contact, confirmed
      previous impressions that there is no risk of airborne transmission. While the
      ecology of Ebola virus is unknown, the presence of anti-Ebola antibodies in the
      sera of 18% of persons who were unassociated with the outbreak suggests that the
      region is an endemic focus of Ebola virus activity.

PMID- 6370487
TI  - Immunization against leprosy: progress and prospects.
AB  - The limitations of the current approach to leprosy control through mass treatment
      of patients are well recognized. The long incubation period of the disease, the
      insidious onset, the chronic course, and the need for prolonged treatment have
      made control a formidable task. The recent years have seen tremendous progress in
      the field of immunology of leprosy, and the availability of large quantities of
      Mycobacterium leprae, grown in the nine-banded armadillo, has given impetus to
      the search for a vaccine specific for leprosy. Methods for production and
      purification of M. leprae have now been developed and the resulting preparation
      has been shown to produce good delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice and guinea
      pigs.Small-scale studies in human subjects have shown that preparations of M.
      leprae and BCG can induce cell-mediated immunity in Mitsuda-negative patients and
      contacts. It is now appropriate to consider field trials of vaccine preparations
      in selected groups before moving on to large-scale trials in different
      populations.

PMID- 6370488
TI  - Contraception in adolescence: a review. 1. Psychosocial aspects.

PMID- 6370489
TI  - Microvascular responses to E. coli endotoxin with altered adrenergic activity.
AB  - The cremaster muscle microcirculation of pentobarbital-anesthetized Wistar rats
      was studied using videomicroscopy. The left cremaster muscle was spread over an
      optical port in a bath filled with modified Krebs solution (pH 7.4, 34 degrees
      C). The right femoral artery was cannulated for determination of mean arterial
      pressure (Pm). Following control measurements of Pm and arteriolar and venular
      dimensions, dose-response curves of arteriolar and venular dimensions to topical
      norepinephrine (10(-10) M to 10(-3) M) was obtained. The rats were then
      administered E. coli endotoxin (6 mg/kg, iv, LD100) over a 1-hr period. The dose
      response curves were than repeated at intervals of 30 min. Before endotoxin the
      threshold dose for norepinephrine was consistently 10(-9) M or 0(-8) M. Pm
      decreased progressively with time postendotoxin. After endotoxin infusion, there
      was a gradual and progressive constriction of both arterioles and venules. The
      threshold dosage for norepinephrine to produce constriction of both arterioles
      and venules increased progressively with time. At 3 hr postendotoxin the
      threshold dose had increased to 10(-6) M to 10(-4) M. This is the dose that
      produces maximum constriction of arterioles in the preendotoxin control period.
      The study was terminated when the animal died or the field was obscured by
      petechiae. The microvessel sensitivity to norepinephrine is markedly reduced
      during endotoxin shock possibly due to increase in the active state of the
      vascular smooth muscle or to change in length of the muscle fibers or to changes
      in sympathetic alpha-adrenergic activity. The response was not prevented by H1
      and H2 receptor blockade, but was prevented by alpha-adrenergic blockade with
      phentolamine.

PMID- 6370490
TI  - Effect of endotoxin on the integrity of the peripheral (soft tissue)
      microcirculation.
AB  - Peripheral edema, hypoproteinemia, and increased fluid requirements are
      characteristically seen with sepsis. Our purpose was to determine whether the
      soft tissue edema is caused by a direct vascular injury from sepsis or is
      secondary to hypoproteinemia. We determined the effect of endotoxin on peripheral
      (soft tissue) microvascular integrity using lymph flow (QL) and lymph/plasma
      (L/P) protein ratio to reflect fluid flux and increased permeability. Response
      was compared with that seen in the lung. Fourteen unanesthetized sheep were given
      intravenous E. coli endotoxin 2 micrograms/kg. Vascular pressures and cardiac
      output (CO) were maintained constant with the necessary fluid infusion. Lung QL
      increased two- to fourfold in all animals with lymph being protein-rich,
      indicating increased permeability. Peripheral QL increased transiently in
      response to an initial increase in vascular pressure returning rapidly to
      baseline except in those animals (N = 5) demonstrating hypoproteinemia where QL
      remained increased by 50 to 75%. The increased QL was totally explained by the
      degree of protein depletion, with no evidence of increased permeability. To
      assure an adequate endotoxin exposure to the peripheral microvessels, endotoxin
      (2 micrograms/kg) was also directly injected into the tissue drained by the soft
      tissue lymphatic. We noted a characteristic endotoxin pulmonary hypertension
      phase but, again, no increase in peripheral microvascular permeability was found.
      We conclude that endotoxemia does not alter peripheral microvascular permeability
      if tissue perfusion is maintained, while the lung is clearly a target organ.
      Hypoproteinemia may be responsible for the early edema in soft tissues with
      sepsis.

PMID- 6370491
TI  - The angiotensin II pressor system of the rat forebrain.
AB  - An anterior hypothalamic knife cut that leaves intact two central sites of action
      of angiotension II produces the same deficits in the pressor responses to
      angiotensin II that have been attributed to destruction of two circumventricular
      organs (the subfornical organ and the organum vasculosum of the lamina
      terminalis). The central pressor actions of angiotensin II are necessary for the
      full expression of renin-dependent renal hypertension. The anterior hypothalamic
      knife cut attenuates renin-dependent aortic ligation hypertension. It has been
      shown that electrolytic destruction more anterior to this knife cut, in the
      anteroventral 3rd ventricle region, also attenuates two forms of renin-dependent
      hypertension, aortic ligation hypertension and two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension
      in the rat. Electrolytic lesions in the subfornical organ also reduce renin
      dependent, two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension. These data are consistent with the
      hypothesis that a common efferent system from the organum vasculosum of the
      lamina terminalis and subfornical organ mediates the central pressor response to
      angiotensin II and is involved in the development of renin-dependent
      hypertension. A model is proposed for the circuitry in the rat forebrain that is
      involved in the pressor response to angiotensin II.

PMID- 6370492
TI  - Ventricular arrhythmias during the first year after acute myocardial infarction:
      influence of long-term treatment with metoprolol.
AB  - Three hundred and one patients who had been hospitalized for acute myocardial
      infarction, were less than 70 years old, were in sinus rhythm, and did not have
      complete bundle branch block were stratified before discharge according to age,
      size of infarction, and type of ventricular arrhythmias as determined on a 6 hr
      electrocardiogram (ECG). They were thereafter randomly assigned to double-blind
      treatment with 100 mg bid metoprolol or placebo. Repeat 6 hr ECGs were recorded 3
      days and 1, 6, and 12 months after treatment had begun. In the placebo group
      there was a significant increase in the proportion of patients with complex
      premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) (i.e., multiform, paired and R-on-T PVCs,
      or ventricular tachycardia) as well as increased numbers of PVCs in the patients
      during the follow-up. In contrast, an initial decrease in the number of PVCs (p
      less than .001) was found in the metoprolol group, whereas the complexity of PVCs
      was constant in those patients who continued on metoprolol therapy throughout the
      follow-up period. We conclude that the increase in complexity and number of PVCs
      that is part of the natural clinical course after myocardial infarction is
      counteracted by long-term treatment with metoprolol.

PMID- 6370493
TI  - Lack of relationship between the short-term hemodynamic effects of captopril and
      subsequent clinical responses.
AB  - The role of hemodynamic monitoring during the initiation of vasodilator therapy
      for heart failure remains to be defined, despite the tremendous potential
      socioeconomic and clinical ramifications. We therefore performed resting and
      exercise hemodynamic studies before and during the initial 48 hr of captopril
      therapy in 14 stable patients with New York Heart Association Class II or III
      chronic congestive heart failure. Their clinical response to therapy was
      determined by evaluating changes in clinical status and the measured changes in
      exercise tolerance, heart size, and ejection fraction after 3 months. Significant
      improvement in each of these indexes was found for the group as a whole, but the
      baseline hemodynamics and the hemodynamic responses to captopril differed little
      between the patients showing marked improvement and those exhibiting little or no
      change. Correlations between the hemodynamic measurements and the changes in
      clinical class, exercise tolerance, heart size, and ejection fraction were
      generally poor. Even when they achieved significance, these correlations were too
      loose to allow prediction of the clinical efficacy of captopril in individual
      subjects. These findings indicate that the routine use of invasive hemodynamic
      monitoring during the initiation of captopril is unnecessary and potentially
      misleading, although such measurements remain valuable for diagnosis, the
      management of patients with complex conditions, and for investigation. The
      response to captopril may be best evaluated by serial measurements of exercise
      tolerance and heart size in addition to clinical assessment.

PMID- 6370494
TI  - Heparin: the contributions of William Henry Howell.

PMID- 6370495
TI  - Determination of steroid hormones in a human-serum reference material by isotope
      dilution--mass spectrometry: a candidate definitive method for cortisol.
AB  - We report a method, based on isotope dilution--mass spectrometry, for determining
      cortisol in a pooled specimen of human serum. Isotopically labeled cortisol is
      added to 5.0 mL of serum so that the molar concentrations of labeled cortisol and
      unlabeled cortisol are approximately equal. The specimen and two calibration
      standards are extracted with dichloromethane, and the extracted cortisol is
      converted to the methoxime-trimethylsilyl ether derivative. Samples and standards
      are analyzed by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry by monitoring the peak
      areas for m/z 605 and 608. The cortisol concentration is calculated by linear
      interpolation between the two bracketing standards. Variances of data collected
      during six weeks showed that the overall coefficient of variation (CV) was 0.69%
      (n = 32); the within-vial CV, 0.63%; the among-vial CV, 0.22%; and the among-day
      CV, 0.15% (means = 3.973 nmol/vial). Method specificity was demonstrated by
      liquid chromatographic as well as C8 mini-column cleanup of samples before
      derivation, by alternative ion monitoring at m/z 636 and 639, and by negative-ion
      chemical ionization at m/z 459 and 462. Derivatives of all observed degradation
      products of cortisol under basic, neutral, and acidic conditions did not
      interfere.

PMID- 6370496
TI  - Theoretical consideration of the effects of dilution on estimates of free thyroid
      hormones in serum.
AB  - When concentrations of free thyroid hormones in serum are measured by equilibrium
      dialysis, the serum sample is diluted by dialysis buffer, resulting in a new
      equilibrium for distribution of these hormones that differs from that in the
      original serum sample. We have derived a mathematical formulation, based on an
      equilibrium model for multiple ligands and multiple binding sites, to determine
      the effect of dilution on the concentrations of free hormones in serum. Computer
      simulations based on the formulation indicate that both free thyroxin (T4) and
      free triiodothyronine (T3) are decreased by dilution of serum, free T3 being
      affected more than free T4. This dilution-related decrease is more prominent in
      hyperthyroidism than in euthyroidism, and even more striking for sera in which
      binding capacities for thyroid hormones are decreased (e.g., in thyroxin-binding
      globulin deficiency or hypoalbuminemia). These simulations can provide a basis
      for minimizing experimental errors in the estimates of concentrations of free
      thyroid hormones by equilibrium dialysis.

PMID- 6370497
TI  - Simultaneous determination of lidocaine and its principal metabolites by liquid
      chromatography on silica gel, with aqueous eluent.
AB  - We describe the simultaneous determination of lidocaine and its pharmacologically
      active metabolites, monoethylglycinexylidide and glycinexylidide, in plasma by
      "high-performance" liquid-chromatography. By use of a bare ( unbonded ) silica
      gel with aqueous eluents, separations of organic amines such as lidocaine and its
      metabolites, which are very difficult and have a poor peak symmetry on bonded
      reversed-phase packings, were easily accomplished with a good peak symmetry. The
      method is sufficiently precise, sensitive, and specific. Analytical recoveries of
      all compounds were greater than 90%; CVs for reproducibility were less than 5%
      for all compounds; the lower detection limits were 0.1 mg/L or less. This method
      can be used to monitor the concentrations of these compounds in plasma and to
      prevent the concentration-related side-effect(s).

PMID- 6370498
TI  - Homogeneous luminescence immunoassay for total estrogens in urine.
AB  - We describe an homogeneous luminescence immunoassay for "total" estrogens in
      enzymically hydrolyzed urine from nonpregnant women. The antiserum, raised
      against estriol-16,17- dihemisuccinate conjugated to bovine serum albumin,
      specifically bound the C-19 steroids carrying the estrogen-characteristic
      phenolic group. 17 beta-Estradiol conjugated with aminobutylethyl isoluminol was
      used to monitor the immunological reaction; this conjugate was stable for at
      least two years. Because binding to the antiserum markedly enhances the light
      producing efficiency of the tracer, no separation of bound and free antigen is
      necessary. Results (microgram/24 h) by this method (y) correlated well (r =
      0.958) with those by a conventional fluorometric (x) method (y = 2. 51x - 2.83).
      The sensitivity (detection limit) is 4 micrograms/L and the precision compares
      well with that of commonly used RIA methods. The method appears suited to large
      numbers of samples, as in menstrual cycle monitoring.

PMID- 6370499
TI  - A "sandwich" solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for lutropin in urine.
AB  - In this "sandwich" technique of enzyme immunoassay for lutropin in urine, a
      highly purified lutropin-specific anti-gamma-globulin is conjugated with alkaline
      phosphatase. The conjugate is then extensively purified to remove free enzyme and
      free antibody molecules. The solid phase consists of anti-lutropin immune
      globulin coupled to polystyrene tubes or beads. The specific antibody on the
      solid phase binds the lutropin in the urine sample or in the standard solution,
      which in turn binds to the specific antibody conjugated to the enzyme. The amount
      of bound enzyme, which is determined colorimetrically, is thus directly
      proportional to the amount of lutropin in the sample. We optimized assay
      conditions and report them here. The sensitivity of the assay is equal to that of
      radioimmunoassay and almost 10-fold that of the hemagglutination inhibition
      assay. The test can be used to detect the pre-ovulatory surge of lutropin in
      women.

PMID- 6370500
TI  - Photographic monitoring of enhanced luminescent immunoassays.

PMID- 6370502
TI  - Evaluation of a new Du Pont aca test pack for theophylline.

PMID- 6370501
TI  - Comparison of the EMIT phenytoin procedure with old and new antibodies.

PMID- 6370503
TI  - Induction of labour using prostaglandin E2 pessaries.
AB  - 199 patients were used in a double blind placebo controlled trial testing the
      efficacy of prostaglandin E2 3 mg pessaries in the induction of labour. The trial
      showed that prostaglandin E2 pessaries were effective in the induction of labour
      but that with only a 55% success rate the results were less than that quoted by
      others. It was felt that the success rate could be increased by either reducing
      the time interval between insertion of the pessaries or by using a slow release
      vehicle for the prostaglandin. Surprisingly no significant shortening in the
      duration of labour was found between the prostaglandin group and the placebo
      group, despite a significant increase in the favourability of the cervix in the
      prostaglandin pessary group. Also no factors were found which definitely
      distinguished between the success or failure of induction of labour using
      prostaglandin pessaries. It was felt that prostaglandin pessaries were a safe and
      reasonably effective method of induction of labour and that, with reduction in
      the time interval between insertion of pessaries or the use of a slow release
      vehicle for the prostaglandin, the efficacy would be greatly increased.

PMID- 6370504
TI  - Oxybutynin chloride in the treatment of female idiopathic bladder instability.
      Results from double blind treatment.
AB  - The Authors carried out a random double-blind trial on 30 patients affected by
      idiopathic urge incontinence with oxybutynin chloride (15 mg/die) and placebo for
      two 20 day therapeutical cycles. The 24 patients who completed the trial
      oxybutynin chloride induced statistically significant effects--compared to
      placebo too--both on the subjective symptoms (reduction or disappearance of the
      urgency in 14 cases - 60.8% - and of urge incontinence in 16 cases - 76.1%) and
      on the objective symptoms showed by cystomanometry (increased bladder capacity at
      the FD and VSD in 14 and 15 cases, respectively; absence of involuntary
      contraction in 9 cases and normal or reduced detrusor pressure at the VSD in 13
      out of 16 cases). Improvements, though less significant, were also obtained with
      the placebo.

PMID- 6370505
TI  - Membrane plasmapheresis and the developing technology of plasma therapy.

PMID- 6370506
TI  - Silicone pericarditis.

PMID- 6370507
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography to assess the results of operative repair in
      infants with hypoplastic right and left heart syndromes.

PMID- 6370508
TI  - Chemiluminescent immunosorbent assay of serum myoglobin based on the luminol
      reaction.
AB  - A simple and sensitive method for the determination of serum myoglobin is
      described. Myoglobin was determined in the range of 10-500 micrograms/1 by the
      chemiluminescent luminol reaction after adsorption to anti-myoglobin IgG onto a
      solid phase. Only 50 microliter of serum has to be used and the luminescent
      immunoassay (LIA) has a better sensitivity and a wider linear range than the
      conventional radioimmunoassay (RIA). However, in its present form LIA has a
      higher imprecision than RIA. In clinical specimens the correlation between the
      two methods was excellent.

PMID- 6370509
TI  - Interaction between the renal excretion rates of beta 2-microglobulin and
      tobramycin in man.
AB  - The renal excretion rate of beta 2-microglobulin in man is 127 +/- 98 ng/min at
      alkaline urine pH (pH 7). Tobramycin, up to intravenous doses of 160 mg (2 mg/kg)
      does not increase the renal excretion rate of beta 2-microglobulin. Tobramycin
      must have less affinity than gentamicin for the tubular system for active
      reabsorption of amino groups containing organic compounds. Due to this reduced
      affinity tobramycin will be absorbed less by the proximal tubular cells, which
      may be one of the reasons for tobramycin being less toxic than gentamicin. beta 2
      Microglobulin excretion can be used as a parameter for the relative binding
      affinity of aminoglycosides.

PMID- 6370510
TI  - The stability of prostatic acid phosphatase, as measured by a capture
      immunoenzyme assay.
AB  - A capture immunoenzyme assay (CIEA) for prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) was
      developed and used to study the stability of this isoenzyme. Immunospecifically
      purified goat antibodies to PAP were covalently bound to special discs and used
      to capture the enzyme in serum samples in a weakly acidic medium during the first
      incubation (2 h) at 37 degrees C. The capture enzyme was then measured by its
      catalytic activity with p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate during the second
      incubation (1 h) at 37 degrees C. As much as 98% of the PAP in test specimens was
      captured and measured by this CIEA. The test results were expressed as enzymatic
      activity (U/l), extrapolated from a standard curve which was linear between 0.026
      and 70 U/l. In test sera stored at 4 degrees C, the PAP was variably stable for 7
      to 70 days, but the enzyme was quite stable in serum when stored at -20 degrees C
      for at least 156 days. At room temperature, when the sera were appropriately
      acidified, there was no loss of enzymatic activity for periods of 15 days, and in
      some cases, a large proportion of activity was still intact after 70 days. At 4
      degrees C, as well as -20 degrees C, acidified serum and the partially purified
      PAP standard showed complete stability for at least 7 months. The CIEA reactivity
      of positive test specimens was inhibited by L(+)-tartaric acid, but not by cupric
      sulfate. The acid phosphatases of blood cell extracts were non-reactive in the
      CIEA procedure. The CIEA results of 224 serum samples from patients with and
      without prostate cancer correlated very well with those obtained by two direct
      enzymatic and two commercial RIA procedures, with correlation coefficients
      between 0.960 and 0.993, and diagnostic agreement between 86% and 100%.

PMID- 6370511
TI  - An improved method for determination of active and total renin concentration in
      human plasma using an excess of sheep substrate.
AB  - A method for measurement of renin concentration (PRC) in human plasma has been
      developed and validated experimentally and theoretically. Like most of the
      previous methods, the present method is based on a radioimmunoassay of
      angiotensin I generated during incubation of plasma with an excess of renin
      substrate. In the present study we used, as the substrate, sheep angiotensinogen
      partially purified from anephric sheep plasma by ammonium sulfate fractionation
      and pepstatin-aminohexyl-agarose chromatography. The advantage of using sheep
      substrate is that it has an exceptionally high affinity for human renin. The
      partially purified substrate, which contained no detectable renin activity,
      improved the sensitivity, allowing quantification of renin in low-renin plasma.
      Possible interfering influences of plasma proteins on the radioimmunoassay were
      eliminated by the introduction of a simple deproteinization step. For
      determination of total renin concentration (TRC), inactive renin was activated by
      exposing plasma to low pH or trypsin. Normal values of PRC and TRC after careful
      selection of assay conditions were 2.9 +/- 0.4 and 33.9 +/- 6.1 ng angiotensin I
      X ml-1 X h-1, respectively. As an illustrative example of usefulness of the
      assay, PRC determination of a patient with a ectopic renin-secreting tumor is
      presented.

PMID- 6370512
TI  - The effect of in vitro captopril and angiotensin II on plasma renin activity.
AB  - Samples of plasma from ten normotensive volunteers and ten hypertensive patients
      were assayed for plasma renin activity before and after the addition of either
      captopril or captopril and angiotensin II. The study was repeated after treating
      portions of the same specimens with trypsin, to activate the inactive renin
      component. The results indicate that inactive renin is not converted to the
      active form by captopril in vitro, nor does the addition of angiotensin II
      inactivate the active form. These data are consistent with the in vivo findings
      that changes in active and inactive renin occur independently under conditions of
      challenge by captopril or angiotensin II analogues.

PMID- 6370513
TI  - Plasma somatomedin activity after injury in man and its relationship to other
      hormonal and metabolic changes.
AB  - Plasma somatomedin activity was measured in 12 patients who had sustained non
      fatal musculo-skeletal injuries. It was depressed for 2-3 d after injury, but
      this depression bore no relationship to the catabolic response to injury which,
      as judged by urinary nitrogen excretion, was maximal at about one week. The
      depression of somatomedin activity may have been related to the high plasma
      cortisol concentrations observed during the first few days after injury. Plasma
      growth hormone concentrations were high acutely after injury but rapidly returned
      to normal. The changes in plasma somatomedin activity were thus unrelated to
      those in growth hormone, but were very similar to those in plasma insulin
      concentrations. A marked positive relationship was observed between plasma
      insulin concentrations and urinary nitrogen excretion, indicating
      unresponsiveness of protein metabolism to the normal anabolic effects of insulin.
      The study showed, however, that this was not as a result of low somatomedin
      activity.

PMID- 6370514
TI  - [The experimental and clinical studies on insulin radioimmunoassay kit (CIS INSIK
      5)].

PMID- 6370515
TI  - Vitiligo.

PMID- 6370516
TI  - The acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

PMID- 6370517
TI  - Transplacental transmission of antibodies to tubular basement membrane in guinea
      pigs with autoimmune tubulointerstitial nephritis.
AB  - The offspring of female guinea-pigs with tubulo-interstitial nephritis were
      studied for possible passive transfer of disease. Whereas no immune deposits were
      seen on or before day 30 of gestation, IgG was detected in the tubular basement
      membrane (TBM) of fetuses at and after day 44. Serum of offspring contained
      antibodies to TBM, albeit in much lower titres than found in circulation of the
      mother guinea-pigs. No histopathological changes were seen in fetal kidneys.
      Thus, autoantibodies induced by heteroimmunization of pregnant guinea-pigs may be
      transmitted to offspring in the last third of the gestation period and can bind
      to fetal TBM. However, this transfer of antibodies does not cause disease.

PMID- 6370518
TI  - Immunological studies of human placentae: complement components in pre-eclamptic
      chorionic villi.
AB  - Forty human placentae were studied by immunofluorescence for the presence of
      complement (C) components C1q, C4, C3d, C6 and C9 with the use of characterized
      antisera. The tissues were grouped as control placentae from 20 normal
      pregnancies and 20 from cases of pre-eclampsia (PE): the PE samples were sub
      grouped as being obtained from patients with mild or severe PE. All of the C
      components studied were found in the same distribution for test and control
      samples, but statistical analysis of each pattern of distribution revealed that
      the deposition of C1q, C3d and C9 were increased in PE as compared to normal
      tissues. This impression was strengthened by the finding that the deposition of
      these C components was further increased when chorionic villus immunopathology
      was compared between mild and severe PE. These data indicate that immunological
      mechanisms are operating in PE chorionic villi, and they suggest that, among
      other mechanisms, immune processes may be operative in the pathophysiology of
      this clinical disease, and that more studies along these lines are in order to
      rule either in or out this possibility.

PMID- 6370519
TI  - Presence of HLA-D/DR antigens on the membrane of breast tumour cells.
AB  - HLA-D/DR (Ia) glycoproteins were identified in human breast carcinoma and normal
      mammary gland cells by means of an anti-Ia monoclonal antibody. Two techniques
      were used: (1) immunoperoxidase staining performed on histological sections and
      (2) Ia glycoproteins were isolated as follows: firstly by radioactive labelling
      of isolated cells, then by filtration on Sephadex G25, followed by Lens culinaris
      chromatography, and immune complex formation and then elution on protein A
      Sepharose. Lastly, the immune complex was studied by chromatofocusing. Both
      techniques revealed that Ia expression was found in carcinoma cells, but not in
      normal cells.

PMID- 6370520
TI  - Immunization against Plasmodium falciparum asexual blood stages using soluble
      antigens.
AB  - Saimiri sciureus monkeys have been successfully immunized against a human malaria
      parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, using soluble antigens purified from schizont
      and merozoite extracts. High levels of antibodies reacting with schizont and
      merozoite specific polypeptides of 140 and 200 kdaltons were detected in the sera
      of protected monkeys. The five immunized monkeys survived a challenge infection
      with 5 X 10(7) parasites inducing a fulminant disease in control monkeys.

PMID- 6370521
TI  - Enhancement of resistance in Mycobacterium lepraemurium infected C3H mice by
      treatment with sonicated M. lepraemurium or splenectomy.
AB  - C3H mice were first infected in a hind footpad with 10(7) freshly harvested
      Mycobacterium lepraemurium bacilli. Four weeks later, when a granulomatous
      reaction was detected at the inoculation site, the animals were treated with two
      doses of a whole sonicated preparation of M. lepraemurium administered 2 weeks
      apart in the contralateral footpad. Such treatment was found to prolong the
      survival time of infected mice by 55-60 days. To study the involvement of the
      spleen in the immunomodulation of resistance to M. lepraemurium infection,
      splenectomy was performed in mice prior to infection via two different routes.
      Splenectomy significantly prolonged the mean survival time of mice infected in
      the footpad but did not affect survival of those infected intraperitoneally.
      Treatment of splenectomized footpad infected mice with sonicated bacilli
      abrogated almost completely the beneficial effect of splenectomy.

PMID- 6370522
TI  - Binding of cytoskeletal proteins by monoclonal anti-DNA lupus autoantibodies.
AB  - Monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies produced by hybridomas derived from MRL-lpr/lpr
      mice and human lupus patients were found to bind to the cytoskeleton of mink lung
      cells. When tested by indirect immunofluorescence, 17/29 human monoclonal anti
      DNA antibodies reacted with the cytoskeleton; 4 of the 29 also produce
      antinuclear reactions with epithelial cells. The cytoskeletal staining was not
      inhibited by prior treatment of the cells with DNase, but it was completely
      blocked by prior incubation of the monoclonal antibodies with DNA and other
      nucleic acids. The ability of the polynucleotides to inhibit the cytoskeletal
      staining corresponded to their ability to bind to the antibodies in competitive
      immunoassays. An (Fab')2 preparation of a monoclonal antibody bound to the
      cytoskeleton as well as the whole immunoglobulin. The effect of colcemid on the
      staining pattern, the blocking effect of a monoclonal antivimentin antibody, and
      results with nitrocellulose blots of cellular proteins indicated that the
      cytoskeletal protein to which the antibodies bound was vimentin.

PMID- 6370523
TI  - Henry G. Kunkel (1916-1983).

PMID- 6370524
TI  - Mesangial immune deposits induced in rats by antibodies to fibronectin.
AB  - Immune deposits in the glomerular mesangium were induced in rats by injection of
      rabbit antibodies to rat plasma fibronectin (FN). By direct immunofluorescence
      and electron microscopy, deposits of immunoglobulins were detected in the
      mesangium of all rats injected with anti-FN IgG but not of control rats injected
      with normal rabbit IgG. By light microscopy, kidneys obtained 20 days after the
      antibody injection appeared to be normal. No proteinuria was detected during the
      experiment. Tissue uptake studies combined with direct immunofluorescence
      examination suggest that the initial accumulation of rabbit immunoglobulins in
      the glomerular mesangium is probably due to direct local binding of anti-FN
      antibody rather than trapping of immune complexes formed in the circulation.
      Quantitation of the direct binding using an in vivo perfused kidney system
      indicate that only a small fraction of the injected antibodies (less than 1
      microgram/kidney) could bind. These studies indicate that (1) mesangial immune
      deposits may be induced by injection of antibodies to a glycoprotein,
      fibronectin, which is a normal structural component of the mesangium; (2) the
      initial accumulation of immunoglobulins in the mesangium is probably related to
      an in situ binding; and (3) mesangial antigens might be involved, in certain
      cases, in autoimmune reactions.

PMID- 6370525
TI  - Fetal cardiac structure and function as studied by ultrasound.
AB  - Present combined two-dimensional real-time and M-mode echocardiograph systems
      allow detailed analysis of fetal cardiac structure and function. Standard
      scanning planes for systematic investigation of various cardiac structures are
      described. There is a curvilinear increase in left ventricular volume (Qlv),
      stroke volume (Qlvs), and output Q'lv) during the last trimester of pregnancy
      with a mean Q'lv value at term of 126 +/- 11 ml/kg/min. Scanning for cardiac
      defects should preferably be done between 18 and 24 weeks of gestation. In a
      total of 444 patients referred to our ultrasound unit for ultrasonic analysis of
      fetal cardiac structure, a total of 13 cardiac defects were diagnosed. The
      incidence of structural cardiac defects present among those with fetal
      dysrhythmia was 15%.

PMID- 6370526
TI  - Endorphins and exercise.

PMID- 6370527
TI  - Immunopathology of pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid and related bullous
      dermatoses.

PMID- 6370529
TI  - Superior vena cava obstruction evidenced during a dynamic renal study with Tc-99m
      diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid.

PMID- 6370528
TI  - Immunoperoxidase demonstration of herpes simplex virus type 1 in the brain of a
      psychotic patient without history of encephalitis.
AB  - A 75-year-old female with a remote history of electroconvulsive-shock therapy and
      more recent care for psychotic depression died due to thromboembolic disease.
      Intranuclear inclusions were found to be widespread in her brain after autopsy.
      There was a paucity of the usual pathologic findings of herpes simplex virus
      (HSV) encephalitis, but light microscopic studies using antiserum to HSV type 1
      demonstrated the presence of this agent in the intranuclear inclusions and in the
      cytoplasm of neurons and glial cells using immunoperoxidase staining methods.
      Immunostaining was also performed at the ultrastructural level and virus-like
      particles were identified. No immunostaining was obtained using normal control
      serum or antiserum to HSV type 2, while HSV type 1 or type 2 was demonstrated by
      immunostaining in control tissues. Control brain tissue from a group of psychotic
      and non-psychotic patients failed to show immunostaining for HSV antigen. This
      case is discussed in light of the current evidence pointing to a link between
      viral disease and psychosis.

PMID- 6370531
TI  - Vulval dystrophies: new approaches.
AB  - In describing vulval skin changes, all terms such as leucoplakia, kraurosis
      vulvae and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus should be discarded in favour of
      'chronic vulval dystrophy'. Initial biopsy is mandatory to establish the precise
      diagnosis. From a review of the literature and from our own studies we believe
      that vulval dystrophy is not usually a premalignant condition, a risk of
      carcinoma exiting only in dystrophic vulvas with associated atypia. For such
      patients the treatment is local vulvectomy; otherwise, because of the high rate
      of recurrence of chronic vulval dystrophy following surgery, the treatment should
      primarily be medical. Gastrointestinal peptides have been isolated from the
      vulval skin and a working hypothesis of the aetiology of vulval dystrophy is
      presented.

PMID- 6370532
TI  - New aspects of endometrial carcinoma.
AB  - We have presented a review of aspects of endometrial carcinoma that have received
      prominent attention since the last review of this subject published in these
      pages in 1976. These include the relationship of exogenous oestrogens to the
      development of endometrial cancer; the differential diagnosis of carcinoma from
      endometrial metaplasias and hyperplasias; the prognostic and therapeutic
      significance of various histological patterns of carcinoma, including
      adenoacanthoma, mixed adenosquamous carcinoma, and papillary serous carcinoma;
      pathological and clinical distinctions between 'true' myometrial, cervical and
      ovarian invasion and histological findings which mimic these patterns but do not
      have the same unfavourable prognostic significance; and the prognostic
      significance of partially or completely host-related factors such as
      immunological response, hormone receptors, and both exogenous and endogenous
      hyperoestrinism. Many of the questions posed here remain at least partially
      unresolved, and it is hoped that further studies will be performed in these
      areas.

PMID- 6370530
TI  - Scintigraphic assessment of perivesical urinary extravasation following renal
      transplantation.
AB  - Radionuclide scintigraphy is a safe and accurate means of detecting postoperative
      urologic complications in renal transplant recipients. Early identification of
      urinary leakage coupled with aggressive intervention significantly reduces the
      associated morbidity and mortality. Perivesical extravasate may be difficult to
      distinguish from adjacent or nearby bladder activity on scintiscan. Clarification
      of actual bladder contour and determination of its exact location within the
      pelvis may resolve such uncertainties. We describe imaging techniques that define
      the anatomic extent of the bladder and demonstrate our scintigraphic assessment
      of perivesical extravasation.

PMID- 6370533
TI  - A reappraisal of the endometrium in infertility.
AB  - It will be obvious to the reader that the author has gone to considerable lengths
      to exculpate the endometrium from playing a significant role in the aetiology and
      pathogenesis of infertility. No apology is necessary for this approach as it is
      known to obstetricians and gynaecologists engaged in the management and treatment
      of the infertile couple that most causes of infertility have little to do
      directly with endometrial abnormalities. This does not mean, however, that an
      endometrial biopsy or curettage specimen has no place in the investigation of the
      infertile woman. It can be used as an adjunct to the monitoring of the efficacy
      of treatment for ovulatory failure and in the confirmation and typing of
      endometrial hyperplasia in the woman with persistent anovulatory cycles. It is
      virtually indispensable for the diagnosis of genital tuberculosis and as a means
      of culturing the mycobacterium for antibiotic sensitivity testing so that
      appropriate therapy can be given. While there are better methods now available,
      such as laparoscopy, for the diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease, the
      finding of unsuspected endometritis in the infertile woman can be used as an
      indicator of low-grade chronic genital tract infection that may not be otherwise
      apparent. There would seem to be no need for routine investigation of the
      endometrium in women afflicted with endometriosis or tubal disorders. The most
      controversial use of endometrial biopsy as an investigational technique is in the
      diagnosis of luteal deficiency and related disorders. If it is to be used in this
      circumstance, then it is essential that there should be the closest possible
      consultation between the clinician and the pathologist. It is too early yet to
      declare the endometrium always blameless in reproductive failure but there is
      little hope that purely morphological studies, even at the ultrastructural level,
      will supply answers to the unresolved questions. The investigation of the complex
      biochemistry and biology of the endometrium is still very much in the
      developmental stage. Pathologists interested in reproductive biology must be
      prepared to adapt and to devise new techniques based on biochemical discoveries
      to supplement their traditional morphological assessment of this important and
      fascinating tissue.

PMID- 6370534
TI  - The pathology of dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
AB  - The mechanism of dysfunctional uterine bleeding remains unknown. Recent studies
      suggest that the majority of cases of dysfunctional uterine bleeding are due to
      local endometrial, or myometrial, dysfunction. Changes in the pattern of
      production of prostaglandins PGE2, PGF2 alpha, prostacyclin and thromboxane and
      increased fibrinolytic activity in the endometrium have been implicated in this
      disorder. Successful treatment of excessive menstrual bleeding with the
      prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor mefenamic acid and the fibrinolytic inhibitors
      epsilon amino caproic acid and tranexamic acid further substantiates the role of
      prostaglandins and fibrinolysis in pathological menstruation. The relationship
      between uterine mast cells, heparin-like activity and menstrual bleeding still
      needs to be elucidated. Further studies are required to improve our understanding
      of the pathogenesis of dysfunctional uterine bleeding, so that advances can be
      made in a specific treatment to restore normal menstrual function.

PMID- 6370535
TI  - Microinvasive carcinoma in gynaecological pathology.

PMID- 6370537
TI  - Borderline epithelial tumours of the ovary: a conceptual dilemma.

PMID- 6370536
TI  - Ultrastructural diagnosis in gynaecological pathology.
AB  - This chapter presents a brief description and discussion of some of the most
      representative examples of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of the female
      genital system, in which electron microscopy and ultrastructural analysis may
      play a significant diagnostic role. The contribution of ultrastructural data in
      the accurate diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms, particularly the less differentiated
      ones, is evident and would eventually ensure the proper management of the
      patients. Similar considerations are explored in the analysis of fine structural
      studies for the differential diagnosis of lesions of the uterus, vagina and
      vulva, not only neoplastic but also pseudo-tumoral and inflammatory. In
      conclusion, electron microscopy represents a very important resource in the
      modern armamentarium of techniques and approaches available to the general
      surgical pathologist and the gynaecological pathologist for the diagnostic study
      of lesions of the female genital system.

PMID- 6370538
TI  - Current concepts of endometriosis.

PMID- 6370539
TI  - Quantitative methods in diagnostic gynaecological pathology.
AB  - In gynaecological pathology it is often useful to analyse the histological
      pattern quantitatively. To enable the results to be generally useful certain
      criteria should be fulfilled--the observations should be reproducible by other
      pathologists in a consistent manner and should be able to be validated. Some
      methods of assessing the relevant features of a section, such as pattern grading,
      are very subjective and do not readily conform to these criteria. Mitosis
      counting is perhaps somewhat more objective than pattern grading but there is
      considerable overlap in the counts as one moves along the clinical grade, say
      from benign to malignant, making it necessary to analyse other features in
      parallel. Using stereological methods of pattern analysis, many features of the
      histological pictures can be analysed simultaneously with a high degree of
      objectivity and accuracy. Significant features of the pattern can then be
      identified by discriminant multivariate analysis.

PMID- 6370540
TI  - Clinical pharmacokinetics of amiodarone.
AB  - Amiodarone is an iodinated benzofuran derivative with recognised antiarrhythmic
      activity in man. As yet, its pharmacokinetic behaviour has not been
      satisfactorily characterised. Specific and sensitive high-pressure liquid
      chromatographic methods have become available only recently and this partly
      explains the scarcity of pharmacokinetic data on the drug. Available evidence
      suggests that absorption of amiodarone following oral administration is erratic
      and unpredictable; oral bioavailability ranges from 22 to 86%. The drug is
      eliminated largely by metabolism; less than 1% of the dose is excreted unchanged
      in the urine. Biliary excretion may have a role in the overall elimination of the
      drug. Desethyl-amiodarone is the only metabolite positively identified in the
      plasma of patients receiving treatment with amiodarone; no data are available on
      its possible pharmacological activity. Since it is a highly lipophilic drug,
      amiodarone is extensively distributed into tissues. Adipose tissue and skeletal
      muscle accumulate large amounts of the drug during long term treatment.
      Myocardium/plasma ratios of amiodarone are high both in man and in animals; peak
      concentrations in the myocardium are reached within half an hour after
      administration of an intravenous bolus to dogs. Placental transfer of amiodarone
      has been demonstrated in humans, while its blood profile is not modified by
      dialysis treatment. In vitro protein binding of amiodarone has been reported to
      be 96.3 +/- 0.6%. The plasma half-life of amiodarone after single-dose
      administration has been reported to be in the range of 3.2 to 79.7 hours.
      However, after withdrawal of long term amiodarone treatment the half-life is as
      long as 100 days. Total body clearance ranges from 0.10 to 0.77 L/min after
      single-dose intravenous administration, and the apparent volume of distribution
      ranges between 0.9 and 148 L/kg. Amiodarone disposition kinetics in patients with
      cardiac arrhythmias are not different from those in healthy volunteers. However,
      the possible effects of liver and cardiac failure on the drug's kinetics have not
      been studied. Amiodarone potentiates the anticoagulant effect of warfarin,
      probably by inhibition of its metabolism. Increases of steady-state
      concentrations of digoxin, together with the appearance of signs of digitalis
      toxicity, have been reported when amiodarone was given to patients receiving long
      term treatment with digoxin. Amiodarone has also been shown to interact with
      other antiarrhythmic agents such as quinidine and procainamide. The time of onset
      of action of amiodarone after a single intravenous dose ranges between 1 and 30
      minutes and its duration of effect between 1 and 3 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 6370541
TI  - Clinical pharmacokinetics of labetalol.
AB  - Labetalol was the first of a new class of antihypertensive drugs with both alpha-
      and beta-adrenoceptor blocking properties present in the same molecule. Its
      efficacy has been confirmed by double-blind studies in the treatment of all
      grades of hypertension and in angina pectoris. The drug's major dose-related side
      effect is postural hypotension. The clinical formulation of labetalol consists of
      equal proportions of 4 optical isomers. One of these (the RR isomer) is probably
      responsible for the drug's beta-adrenoceptor blockade and another (the SR isomer)
      produces most of the alpha-blockade. Most of the presently available
      pharmacokinetic information concerning labetalol is from studies utilising a
      fluorimetric assay but this has recently been superseded by more specific high
      pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedures. Labetalol is absorbed rapidly
      after oral administration with peak plasma concentrations generally being
      achieved within 2 hours. The bioavailability varies from 10% to over 80% in
      different subjects. Average bioavailability has been reported to correlate with
      age, with values of approximately 30% in the 30- to 40-year age group and
      approximately 65% at 80 years. There is also evidence that the bioavailability
      increases moderately when the drug is taken with food. About 50% of the drug is
      bound in the plasma. The apparent volume of distribution at equilibrium varies
      from approximately 200 to over 800L, suggesting that concentration of labetalol
      occurs in extravascular sites. Radiochemical analysis in animals has shown high
      levels of accumulation in the lung, liver and kidney with little present in brain
      tissue. This is in keeping with the relatively low lipid solubility of labetalol.
      The half-life of labetalol in plasma is 3 to 3.5 hours. The drug is eliminated
      mainly by hepatic metabolism with the production of several biologically inactive
      glucuronides which in turn are excreted in the urine and bile. Approximately 85%
      of labetalol in the blood is removed during a single passage through the liver;
      thus, like propranolol, labetalol's clearance is probably flow dependent (i.e. it
      is sensitive to alterations in hepatic blood flow). Small doses of the drug (i.e.
      300mg daily) have been shown to reduce antipyrine clearance by approximately 15%,
      and further studies are necessary to determine whether high doses produce a
      greater, possibly clinically significant, inhibition of mixed-function oxidase
      activity. After both single doses and during long term treatment the plasma
      concentration-time profile of labetalol shows marked variation between different
      individuals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6370543
TI  - Outpatient management and follow-up of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

PMID- 6370544
TI  - Care of the infant with retinopathy of prematurity.

PMID- 6370545
TI  - Management of seizures in the high-risk infant.

PMID- 6370542
TI  - A clinical and pharmacokinetic basis for the selection and use of slow release
      theophylline products.
AB  - In order to achieve the greatest chance for maximum benefit from theophylline in
      the management of chronic asthma, the serum concentration should be maintained in
      the therapeutic range of 10 to 20 micrograms/ml. Conventional rapid release
      formulations produce excessive fluctuations in serum concentrations that can
      result in variability in clinical response between doses. In contrast, slow
      release formulations have the potential to achieve relatively constant serum
      concentrations with 12-hour dosing intervals, thus providing around-the-clock
      stabilisation of the hyper-reactive airways that characterise chronic asthma.
      Furthermore, the decreased frequency of dosing with these formulations can
      improve patient compliance. However, significant differences in rate and extent
      of absorption exist between the available formulations. Single-dose
      bioavailability studies comparing a slow release product with an oral solution or
      plain uncoated tablet in a crossover design permit examination of the rate and
      extent of absorption. Comparison of a slow release product with an oral reference
      following multiple doses at steady-state permits examination of the extent but
      generally not rate of absorption. The mean fraction absorbed-time profile,
      calculated from a modification of the Wagner-Nelson equation, is a process
      independent method of comparing rates of absorption of different products after
      single doses. A prospective study in 14 children with chronic asthma has
      demonstrated that this modified equation, when rearranged to iteratively solve
      for serum concentrations, can accurately predict steady-state serum
      concentrations for different dosing intervals in patient populations with
      different rates of elimination. When slow release products are compared in this
      manner at 8- or 12-hour dosing intervals for patients with slow elimination,
      clinically relevant differences between brands are not apparent. However, in
      patients with rapid elimination, i.e. children, cigarette smokers, and 25% of non
      smoking adults, application of this method shows that only some formulations
      (i.e. 'Slo-Bid Gyrocaps' and 'Theo-Dur', which is also marketed under different
      brand names names such as 'Sustaire', 'Pulmi-Dur' and 'Theolin Retard') can
      maintain serum concentrations within the therapeutic range for an entire 12-hour
      dosing interval. More rapidly absorbed slow release products must be administered
      at 8-hour dosing intervals in patients with rapid elimination, despite
      promotional claims to the contrary. Current products promoted for once-a-day
      administration are clinically inadequate because of incomplete and erratic
      absorption, and/or excessive serum concentration fluctuations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6370546
TI  - Management of short bowel syndrome in the high-risk infant.

PMID- 6370547
TI  - Growth in the high-risk infant.

PMID- 6370548
TI  - The infant with congenital heart disease: guidelines for care in the first year
      of life.

PMID- 6370549
TI  - The impact of prematurity on the later behavior of children and on their
      families.

PMID- 6370550
TI  - Continuing care of the high-risk infant.

PMID- 6370551
TI  - Anemia in the high-risk infant.

PMID- 6370552
TI  - Home monitoring of the high-risk infant.

PMID- 6370553
TI  - Guanfacine in essential hypertension: effects during rest and isometric exercise.
AB  - The antihypertensive effects of guanfacine (0.5 to 4 mg daily) were investigated
      for 1 yr in 13 patients with essential hypertension. Blood pressure (BP) and
      heart rate (HR) response was measured during isometric exercise (handgrip) before
      starting the therapy, after 1 yr of treatment, and 2 wk after withdrawal.
      Guanfacine in once-daily dosage reduced BP during rest (supine BP: control, 175
      +/- 6/103 +/- 4 mm Hg; 1 yr guanfacine, 161 +/- 5/91 +/- 3 mm Hg). Steady-state
      plasma concentrations after 1 yr were 4.1 +/- 0.59 ng/ml. Resting plasma
      norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) levels were lower during active therapy
      than 2 wk after withdrawal (guanfacine and control: plasma NE, 0.27 +/- 0.03/0.64
      +/- 0.13 ng/ml; plasma E, 0.09 +/- 0.02/0.17 +/- 0.05 ng/ml). The relative
      reduction of plasma catecholamines (guanfacine and withdrawal) was of the same
      order during handgrip exercise as during supine rest. During isometric handgrip
      exercise, BP was lower during guanfacine therapy than before treatment and 2 wk
      after withdrawal, but the increment in BP during handgrip exercise was not
      affected by the drug despite the lower BP values on therapy. Our data indicate
      that the central alpha 2-agonist action of guanfacine reduces sympathoadrenal
      function equally during rest and isometric exercise.

PMID- 6370554
TI  - Selective and nonselective inhibition of thromboxane formation.
AB  - Thromboxane A2, the predominant cyclooxygenase product of arachidonic acid in the
      platelet, is a potent vasoconstrictor and stimulus of platelet aggregation.
      Prostacyclin, the principal cyclooxygenase metabolite formed in the vascular
      endothelium, inhibits platelet aggregation and dilates blood vessels. A
      therapeutic objective in the treatment of human vascular occlusive disease has
      been the inhibition of thromboxane formation without coincident reduction in
      prostacyclin biosynthesis. We compared the biochemical selectivity and platelet
      inhibitory actions of single doses of aspirin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, with
      imidazo(1,5-2)pyridine-5-hexanoic acid (CGS 13080), an inhibitor of thromboxane
      synthase. Aspirin, 325 mg, prolonged the bleeding time markedly, inhibited
      aggregation and nucleotide release in whole blood and platelet-rich plasma, and
      maximally inhibited thromboxane generation in serum. The effects of aspirin, 20
      mg, were considerably less marked but, as with the higher dose, persisted
      throughout the study period (24 hr after dosing). CGS 13080 also prolonged
      bleeding time and inhibited thromboxane formation. In contrast to aspirin, these
      effects were reversible and inhibition of aggregation was less marked. Endogenous
      prostacyclin biosynthesis was measured by excretion of the major urinary
      metabolite 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha (PGI-M). Whereas aspirin, 325 mg, reduced
      PGI-M excretion a mean 29%, excretion increased 48% and 100% after CGS 13080, 100
      mg and 200 mg. Aspirin, 20 mg, did not alter prostacyclin biosynthesis.
      Inhibition of thromboxane synthase permits selective inhibition of thromboxane
      formation in man. Although drugs of greater potency and longer duration of action
      are desirable, enhanced prostacyclin synthesis may be an important component of
      the platelet inhibitory actions of thromboxane synthase inhibitors in man.

PMID- 6370555
TI  - Morphine kinetics during and after renal transplantation.
AB  - Plasma concentrations after intravenous morphine were measured by a specific
      radioimmunoassay method in patients undergoing renal transplantation and in
      control subjects. In both transplant patients and controls, plasma morphine fell
      in the first 10 min, but there was no significant further fall in the transplant
      patients until between 3 and 5 hr, when there was an abrupt reversion to the same
      elimination t1/2 as the controls. This coincided with recovery of renal function
      after the period of cold ischemia. In the transplant patients the AUC over 24 hr
      was higher and the plasma clearance was lower than in controls. The role of the
      kidney in morphine elimination is discussed.

PMID- 6370556
TI  - [Tumor of the glomus caroticum, diagnosed by intravenous digital subtraction
      angiography].
AB  - Digital video subtraction angiography is a valuable method for the diagnosis of
      the relatively rare glomus caroticum tumour. This is shown at one case and proved
      with conventional angiography of the carotid artery and operation.

PMID- 6370557
TI  - A brief history of cancer.

PMID- 6370558
TI  - Stereotactic brain biopsy using a narrow aperture computed tomography scanner.
AB  - A technique for stereotactic brain biopsy with guidance by computed tomography
      (CT) has been developed and the procedure carried out on a series of 12 patients.
      A head fixation device, based on the Leksell method, has been designed which
      allows exact transfer of CT co-ordinates to a Bennett stereotactic frame for the
      purpose of the biopsy. The development and initial experience of this
      stereotactic technique in 12 cases is reported and the accuracy of the method
      confirmed by histological examination and post-operative CT verification of the
      biopsy site, by means of a small marker inserted at the time of surgery.

PMID- 6370559
TI  - The doctors Amesse.

PMID- 6370560
TI  - The importance of volume of blood cultured in the detection of bacteremia and
      fungemia.
AB  - An analysis was made on the basis of 5,389 isolates from 5,008 positive blood
      cultures of the relative yields from 10, 20, and 30 ml of blood. Average yields
      from cultures of 20 and 30 ml of blood were, respectively, 38 and 61% greater
      than that from 10 ml of blood.

PMID- 6370561
TI  - A comparison of four methods for detecting beta-lactamase in anaerobic bacteria.
AB  - Four methods for detecting beta-lactamase activity in anaerobic bacteria were
      evaluated and compared to a nitrocefin saturated filter paper test. The methods
      studied were Cefinase, PADAC, Beta Lactam, and the slide iodometric technique.
      Fifty anaerobes were tested including species of Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, and
      Clostridium. The percentages of agreement with the nitrocefin test are: Cefinase
      100%, PADAC 96%, slide iodometric 78%, and Beta Lactam 72%. Positive nitrocefin
      tests have been shown to correlate with a penicillin MIC greater than 0.78
      micrograms/ml.

PMID- 6370562
TI  - Use of a bronchoscopic protected catheter technique in the clinical evaluation of
      a new antibiotic.
AB  - We prospectively compared the usefulness of a bronchoscopic protected catheter
      technique with the results from sputum cultures in the evaluation of moxalactam,
      a new beta-lactam antibiotic. The significance of a given isolate on protected
      catheter culture was determined by quantitative bacteriology. 32 patients with
      community-acquired pneumonia were enrolled in the study and 31 grew common lower
      respiratory tract pathogens from their protected catheter specimen. The most
      common single pathogens recovered were Streptococcus pneumoniae (11 patients) and
      Haemophilus influenzae (2). Mixed flora, predominantly anaerobes, were isolated
      from 15 patients, and 3 patients had mixed aerobic infections. All seven
      bacteremic cases had the identical organism isolated from the protected catheter
      specimen, confirming the accuracy of the technique. Comparisons with sputum
      cultures showed that the predominant organism on sputum culture was the same as
      that obtained from the protected catheter culture in only 13% of the cases.
      Sputum cultures revealed either no pathogen or a different pathogen in 23 cases,
      and no sputum could be obtained in 4. Compared to cultures of expectorated
      sputum, we found the protected catheter bronchoscopic culture technique to have
      the following advantages in the bacteriologic evaluation of moxalactam: 1)
      greater accuracy and sensitivity in bacteremic patients; 2) accurate delineation
      of the bacteriology of infections; and 3) a higher percentage of patients with
      evaluable bacteriology leading to greater efficiency during the investigation.

PMID- 6370563
TI  - Correlation of E. coli K-1 bacteremia and capsular polysaccharide antigenemia in
      acute and chronic infection.
AB  - The K-1 polysaccharide is an important virulence factor in human E. coli
      infections. Using E. coli 016K1, we investigated the kinetic association of
      bacteremia and K-1 antigenemia in acute lapine and canine infections and in a
      chronic infection model of neutropenic rats. Additionally, we assessed the
      presence of K-1 antigenemia in E. coli K-1 bacteremic patients. K-1 was measured
      by a solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) using cross-reactive equine anti-Group B
      meningococcal IgM. In acute infections, none of the dogs or rabbits developed
      antigenemia even with a bacteremia of 2 X 10(4) CFU/ml or 5 X 10(5) CFU/ml,
      respectively. Antigenemia appeared in the rabbit only with an infecting dose of
      greater than or equal to 5 X 10(8) CFU. In the rat model we observed an initial
      bacteremia of 10(3) CFU/ml, which increased to 10(6) CFU/ml at 24 hrs. However,
      antigenemia was most often delayed, appearing in only greater than or equal to 30
      hrs postinfection. Percent mortality was directly associated with the degree of
      bacteremia and antigenemia. In acute human E. coli K-1 bacteremia, 11 of 22 (50%)
      of patients were positive for K-1 antigenemia. The data demonstrated that K-1
      polysaccharide was not usually detectable in the early stages of bacteremia, but
      occurred only after prolonged infection or very high infecting doses. The RIA to
      measure K-1 antigenemia would not be a useful diagnostic tool.

PMID- 6370565
TI  - Effects of atmosphere of incubation on recovery of bacteria and yeasts from blood
      cultures in Tryptic soy broth.
AB  - A comparison was made of the results of blood cultures between 1974 and 1981 in
      unvented and transiently vented bottles of Tryptic soy broth under vacuum with
      CO2. A total of 14,646 isolates were available for statistical analysis.
      Significantly more isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus,
      Bacillus, Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Serratia, Acinetobacter,
      Alcaligenes, Neisseria, and Candida were recovered from the vented bottle.
      Significantly more isolates of Corynebacterium, Haemophilus, Flavobacterium,
      Moraxella, Bacteroidaceae, and Peptostreptococcus were recovered from the
      unvented bottle.

PMID- 6370564
TI  - A longitudinal study of the prevalence of bacterial enteric pathogens among
      adults with diarrhea in Bangkok, Thailand.
AB  - Six hundred sixty adults with diarrhea treated at Bamrasnaradura hospital,
      Bangkok, Thailand were investigated to determine the prevalence, seasonality, and
      severity of diarrhea associated with bacterial enteric pathogens in 1980 and
      1981. Shigella were isolated from 27% and Vibrio parahaemolyticus from 19% of the
      patients studied. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (5%), Salmonella (3%), non-01
      Vibrio cholerae (3%), Campylobacter jejuni (1%), and Group F vibrio (less than
      1%) were isolated from a smaller proportion of the patients. Shigella infections
      were most common in July-September, during the period of maximum rainfall in
      Thailand, while V. parahaemolyticus was isolated most frequently in September and
      October at the end of the rainy season. 0-1 Vibrio cholerae was isolated from 25%
      of 104 patients studied in the hot, dry spring of 1980, but was not isolated
      throughout 1981. Patients with cholera passed more watery stools, while those
      with Salmonella and Shigella most frequently had headaches, and those with
      Shigella more often had blood in their stools than those with other infections,
      or in whom no bacterial enteric pathogens were identified. Annual, seasonal, and,
      from a comparison with other reported surveys, geographical differences exist in
      the prevalence of bacterial enteric pathogens in adults with diarrhea in tropical
      developing countries.

PMID- 6370566
TI  - Evaluation of the FIAX semiautomatic fluorescent immunoassay system for the
      detection of IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii.
AB  - A commercially available solid phase fluoroimmunoassay system (FIAX,
      International Diagnostic Technology, Santa Clara, CA) was evaluated in parallel
      with a standard indirect fluorescent-antibody test (IFAT) for the detection of
      IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. Titers obtained by the FIAX method on the
      101 patient samples correlated well with the standard procedure. Sensitivity of
      the FIAX system was 96% and specificity was 93%. A method for measuring serum
      titer reproducibility applicable to both conventional doubling dilution and to
      automated procedures was employed, allowing a meaningful comparison of precision
      in the two systems. It was found that titer reproducibility in the FIAX system
      was better than that of the IFAT and exceeded that expected with most
      conventional double-dilution serological procedures. The FIAX system will most
      benefit those laboratories with relatively large numbers of samples which can be
      batch tested.

PMID- 6370567
TI  - Use of the API 20E, Oxi/Ferm, and Minitek systems to identify nonfermentative and
      oxidase-positive fermentative bacteria: seven years of experience.
AB  - The API 20E (API) system, the Oxi/Ferm (OXF) system, and the Minitek (MIN) system
      were used over a seven-year period to identify clinical isolates of
      nonfermentative bacteria (NFB) and oxidase-positive fermentative bacteria (OPFB).
      A total of 742 NFB and OPFB were tested with the API system, 988 with the OXF
      system, and 918 with the MIN system. The organisms represented 34 recognized
      species, nine alpha-numeric designates, and three species of unnamed NFB. Results
      were compared to those obtained with conventional test methods, which were
      considered correct in all instances. The accuracy of identification of NFB and
      OPFB was 61% with API, 80% with OXF, and 72% with MIN. Identification was more
      favorable for all systems with the oxidase-negative bacteria than with the
      oxidase-positive bacteria. API successfully identified 84% of the oxidase
      negative organisms compared to 48% of the oxidase-positive organisms, OXF
      identified 93% compared to 75%, and MIN identified 96% compared to 61%. Failure
      of identification was usually a result of failure of the generated codes to
      appear in the compendia, rather than of misidentification, especially for the
      oxidase-positive organisms. The OXF system required the greatest number of
      supplemental tests for identification with a ratio of .65 (supplemental tests per
      isolate) and the API the least (.20). The API system generated the most codes
      with a ratio of .46 and the OXF system the fewest codes (.16).

PMID- 6370568
TI  - Cryptococcal infection of the temporal bone.
AB  - Cryptococcus neoformans is a yeast-like organism which, after inhalation, may
      cause pulmonary disease or a systemic fungemia associated with numerous
      extrapulmonary sites of infection, but most notably affecting the central nervous
      system. Despite this frequent involvement of the leptomeninges, only three cases
      of infection of the temporal bones have been previously described. We describe an
      additional case with comments on the possible significance of infection of this
      site.

PMID- 6370569
TI  - Initial detection of bacteremia by subculture of unvented tryptic soy broth blood
      culture bottles.
AB  - Routine subculture of macroscopically negative blood cultures is a traditional
      blood culture procedure. The need to perform routine early (6-17 hr) and late (48
      hr) subculture of unvented blood culture bottles when a simultaneous subculture
      of the vented bottle is performed has been questioned. Blood cultures in paired
      vented and unvented tryptic soy broth (TSB) bottles from 4574 patients were
      examined retrospectively. Subculture of unvented TSB bottles provided initial
      detection of 412 (5.0%) isolates from 277 (6.1%) patients and was comparable to
      that of vented TSB bottles for Pseudomonas and all other microorganisms, except
      for the Enterobacteriaceae (p less than 0.001; vented TSB), Candida (p less than
      0.001; vented TSB), and Haemophilus influenzae (p less than 0.01; unvented TSB).
      Of the H. influenzae isolates, 46% were detected initially by subculture of the
      unvented TSB bottles; early subculture recovered 67% of these isolates. The value
      of subculture of unvented TSB bottles is minimized when subculture of the vented
      TSB bottle is routinely performed; however, routine subculture of the unvented
      bottle is recommended whenever TSB is used for detection of bacteremia in
      patients in whom H. influenzae infection is possible.

PMID- 6370570
TI  - Clinical evaluation of the improved streptex method for grouping streptococci.
AB  - The improved Streptex method for serogrouping streptococci incorporates a new
      extraction enzyme and a simplified procedure requiring no centrifugation. A total
      of 114 clinical isolates of beta-hemolytic streptococci were serogrouped from
      primary plates, isolation plates, and Todd-Hewitt broth cultures using this
      system. Results were compared to those of the heat extraction Lancefield
      precipitin method. An additional 33 stock culture isolates of related
      streptococcal species and 5 strains of Listeria were serogrouped to assess the
      specificity of the test. Agreement between the two methods was 82.5% with primary
      plates and 96.5% with both isolation plates and broth cultures. Four isolates
      from three different serogroups were nongroupable by the Lancefield method, but
      did agglutinate in specific Streptex antisera; therefore, the enzyme extraction
      procedure appeared more sensitive than the heat extraction method. Streptex
      accurately grouped five isolates of gamma-hemolytic group B streptococci, but
      failed to detect antigen in 33% of the group D streptococcal extracts tested. In
      addition, cross-reactions were observed with strains of alpha-hemolytic
      streptococci. Streptex produced fewer ambiguous results and required fewer repeat
      tests. When used with isolation plates or broth cultures, Streptex is both
      sensitive and specific for the grouping of beta-hemolytic streptococci of groups
      A, B, C, F, and G.

PMID- 6370571
TI  - Growth of toxigenic Escherichia coli in oral rehydration solutions.
AB  - The ability of three strains of toxigenic Escherichia coli to grow in glucose
      electrolyte oral rehydration solution (ORS) used for the treatment of dehydration
      due to diarrhea was studied. The purpose was to determine the potential risk that
      such home-based therapy might pose for transmission of infection if the ORS were
      contaminated with potential pathogens. Inocula of 10(5) unwashed organisms from
      broth culture were rapidly killed in ORS made with chlorinated tap water and
      increased by 1.5-2 log10 in ORS in triple-distilled laboratory water. When media
      constituents were first removed by washing, one strain failed to grow in ORS
      distilled water, but multiplied to a level of 10(6) organisms/ml in ORS in water
      obtained from a rural village in the highlands of Guatemala. Multiplication of
      organisms in ORS depends on the presence of a nitrogen source. These limited data
      support current guidelines for preparation and use of ORS in the field employing
      available drinking water, as bacterial growth is restricted by the nitrogen
      content of the water.

PMID- 6370572
TI  - Adsorption of Clostridium difficile antiserum for rapid detection of toxin.

PMID- 6370574
TI  - Distinguished achievement award in chest surgery.

PMID- 6370573
TI  - Comparative study of the ability of four aminoglycoside assay techniques to
      detect the inactivation of aminoglycosides by beta-lactam antibiotics.
AB  - In vitro inactivation of aminoglycosides (tobramycin, gentamicin, and amikacin)
      by beta-lactams (cefazolin, cefotaxime, moxalactam, carbenicillin, piperacillin,
      mezlocillin, and azlocillin) was measured using the enzyme-mediated immunoassay
      (EMIT), fluorescence polarization immunoassay ( TDX ), radioimmunoassay (RIA),
      and bioassay. No significant inactivation of aminoglycosides was produced by high
      levels of the three cephalosporins as measured by EMIT, RIA, or bioassay.
      Inactivation of tobramycin and gentamicin by mezlocillin and azlocillin was
      comparable to that seen with piperacillin but less than that with carbenicillin.
      In general, the bioassay detected the greatest degree of aminoglycoside
      inactivation and the EMIT assay detected the least for all drug combinations. The
      TDX and RIA techniques were equivalent in their ability to detect aminoglycoside
      inactivation by beta-lactam antibiotics.

PMID- 6370575
TI  - Computed tomography of the chest: an update.

PMID- 6370576
TI  - Adaptation of the activity of membrane carbohydrases of chick small intestine to
      various carbohydrates.
AB  - Adaptation changes in membrane carbohydrases and those localized in the apical
      glycocalyx of enterocytes have been studied in chicks under the impact of
      carbohydrates. The investigated enzymes were not equally adapted to the
      carbohydrates of various degrees of polymerization. The response character of
      membrane carbohydrases depends on proximo-distal localization of enzymes in the
      small intestine and it is not specific to carbohydrates.

PMID- 6370577
TI  - Interpretation of laboratory tests using a programmable hand-held calculator:
      calculation of posterior probability and relative risk on the basis of prior
      probability and sensitivity, specificity and result of the test.
AB  - A program is presented for the Hewlett-Packard HP- 41C programmable hand-held
      calculator that calculates the posterior probability and relative risk of an
      event (e.g. a disease) on the basis of prior probability (prevalence) and
      sensitivity, specificity and result of the test.

PMID- 6370578
TI  - Practical applications of OCIS, a clinical information system for oncology.
AB  - The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center has developed OCIS , a computer based data
      system to aid medical personnel in making clinical decisions. All patients seen
      in the Center are entered into the system. Data is collected, analyzed and
      presented in formats designed to show the relationship between related clinical
      and laboratory data. Graphic plots are used to facilitate the detection of long
      and short term trends in the changing clinical status of individual patients. The
      system also provides major support for clinical research. An example of the use
      of this system is presented using data from patients with multiple myeloma.

PMID- 6370579
TI  - Derivation of rule-based knowledge from established medical outlines.
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to describe the derivation of a rule base for an
      expert system from an existing medical auditing method called a criteria map. The
      criteria map represents the physician's logic in the specialty involved. The
      system described, EMERGE, is written in the standard Pascal programming language,
      operates on a microcomputer, and provides a convenient user-interface. All
      medical knowledge in EMERGE is contained in an independent set of production
      rules, which are derived from the criteria map.

PMID- 6370580
TI  - Computers in health-sciences education. An application to electrocardiography.
AB  - Aspects of a computer-based education (CBE) are described. Recent developments in
      the use of computer in health-sciences education are highlighted. An interactive
      computer system ( CALE ) has been developed to provide individualised instruction
      and testing for biomedical and medical sciences students. CALE is a system for
      computer assisted learning of electrocardiography which consists of an organizer
      program and few subprograms . The system has a self-instruction mode which is
      equivalent to lecturing . Moreover, review questions are supplied either in
      multiple choice questions ( MCQ ) and/or matched questions and answers ( MQA )
      forms. Furthermore, the system can stimulate normal as well as abnormal
      electrocardiograms. A statistical program is included to evaluate the performance
      of the students while using the CALE -system. A comment file is created so that
      the users can register their comments about the CALE and the difficulties they
      have faced in using the system. CALE is easy to use and requires no knowledge of
      programming. The feedback obtained from the students currently using the system
      is encouraging. CALE is written in Data General FORTRAN 5.

PMID- 6370581
TI  - Inflammatory response to sodium lauryl sulfate in aqueous solutions applied to
      the skin of normal human volunteers.
AB  - In this double-blind study, the intensity and duration of the inflammatory
      response induced by various concentrations of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)
      solution on the forearms of 36 normal male volunteers was dependent upon the
      concentration and number of applications of SLS. One 24-h application of the 4%
      or 5% aqueous SLS solution or two successive 24-h applications of the 2% or 3%
      SLS solutions were sufficient to cause an inflammatory response in the epidermis.
      Such response makes the skin more permeable for the testing of topical
      formulations of compounds to document their propensity to irritate.

PMID- 6370582
TI  - A chronology of health legislation in the U.S., 1798-1983.

PMID- 6370583
TI  - The effect of sex steroids on insulin binding by target tissues in the rat.
AB  - The effect of estradiol, progesterone and norgestrel on serum insulin and glucose
      levels and on insulin binding to adipocytes, hepatocytes and diaphragm muscle
      cell membranes has been evaluated in castrated male rats. Estradiol
      administration (5 micrograms/day X 6) significantly increased basal plasma
      insulin levels and the amount of insulin bound to fat and liver cells as well as
      muscle cell membranes. Progesterone treatment (5 mg/day X 6) caused a slight
      increase of basal insulin levels and a decrease of insulin binding to fat cells.
      Norgestrel treatment (5 mg/day X 6) decreased both insulin levels and the amount
      of insulin bound to adipocytes; a much lower dose of norgestrel, 6 micrograms/day
      X 7, also caused a decline in adipocyte insulin binding due to an apparent
      increase in the dissociation constant of the high affinity binding sites. These
      studies demonstrate that ovarian sex steroids have a significant effect on
      insulin binding to target cells. This animal model would assist in determining
      the mechanisms involved in changes of carbohydrate metabolism which occur during
      the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, the menopausal state and with the use of oral
      contraceptives.

PMID- 6370584
TI  - Methodologic considerations in studies on female sterilization--a review for
      clinicians.
AB  - Despite the large number of female sterilization (FS) studies and their
      relatively straightforward nature (compared to oral contraceptive studies for
      instance), results are often conflicting and a number of unanswered questions
      remain. Methodologic shortcomings can explain at least a portion of this
      confusion. This paper provides guidelines so that clinicians may better conduct
      and evaluate studies of FS techniques. Some important study topics for the future
      are reviewed, and the authors briefly describe the three main study designs for
      FS studies--clinical trial, cohort and case-control.

PMID- 6370585
TI  - A comprehensive review of the sequelae of male sterilization.

PMID- 6370587
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis of foreign bodies associated
      with Silastic implants in humans.
AB  - Polydimethylsiloxane (Silastic) capsules containing megestrol acetate have been
      implanted in subcutaneous tissue as a method of long-term contraception.
      Histological studies revealed a granulomatous foreign body reaction around these
      capsules with birefringent crystals in multinucleated giant cells. Although
      several authors had interpreted these crystals as steroids, this seemed unlikely
      since the tissue had been processed with organic solvents. Analysis of these
      crystals by polarization microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray
      microanalysis demonstrated that the material was talc. The talc was probably
      introduced as a contaminant from gloves during the implantation. Further analysis
      showed that capsule fragmentation could not have produced the material since
      Silastic particles could not be detected.

PMID- 6370586
TI  - Comparison between OM-GA Cu and Copper-T IUCDs.
AB  - OM-GA Cu and Copper-T IUCDs were compared in a randomized prospective clinical
      trial in two-hundred women and followed up for two years. Dysmenorrhea and
      dyspareunia were more frequent with the Copper-T. Menometrorrhagiae, vaginal
      discharge and pelvic inflammatory disease were similar with both IUCDs. Two-year
      pregnancy rate for the OM-GA Cu was 5.4% and 3.2% for the Copper-T. Expulsion
      rate was 11.9% for the OM-GA Cu and 5.3% for the Copper-T. The OM-GA Cu users had
      less dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia but a higher expulsion rate compared to the
      Copper-T.

PMID- 6370588
TI  - Hypoxemia during hemodialysis: effect of different membranes and dialysate
      compositions.

PMID- 6370589
TI  - Pregnancy in renal transplant recipients: clinical perspectives.

PMID- 6370590
TI  - Early dialysis.

PMID- 6370591
TI  - Definition of biocompatibility.

PMID- 6370592
TI  - Zinc and sexual dysfunction.

PMID- 6370594
TI  - Perusing the literature.

PMID- 6370593
TI  - Parameters for the assessment of iron metabolism in chronic renal insufficiency.

PMID- 6370595
TI  - The synthesis and biology of fluorinated prostacyclins.
AB  - Fluorination has been used extensively in the steroid field to alter and/or
      enhance activity and to increase chemical or biological stability taking
      advantage of the similarity in size between hydrogen and fluorine and its strong
      electronegativity. Thus, it is not surprising to find that the same principle has
      been applied to prostaglandins, more specifically prostacyclin. The specific
      activity and high instability of Prostacyclin make it an ideal candidate for
      similar fluorination techniques. The design and preparation of fluorinated
      analogs with the aim of improving the chemical and metabolic stability of this
      important molecule will be discussed.

PMID- 6370597
TI  - Functional residual capacity and lung mechanics at different levels of mechanical
      ventilation.
AB  - We assessed the effects of rapid ventilatory rates (60 to 120 breath/min) and
      high mechanical ventilation pressures (30/5 to 40/10 cm H2O) on lung mechanics
      and intravascular pressures in 9 paralyzed, sedated rabbits ventilated with a
      time-cycled, pressure-limited flow generator (Baby bird). Measurements of tidal
      volume, ventilator line pressure, tracheal pressure, functional residual capacity
      (FRC), and arterial and venous blood pressures showed that: 68% of the peak
      pressure developed by the ventilator was transmitted to the trachea at 60
      breath/min, 74% at 120 breath/min, and 87% when ventilation pressures were
      increased to 40/10 cm H2O; when the ventilatory rate and the PEEP were increased,
      the end-expiratory pressure in the trachea became progressively greater than that
      indicated on the ventilator pressure gauge; FRC increased when the PEEP and mean
      tracheal pressure increased; tidal volume and dynamic compliance decreased and
      minute ventilation increased as ventilatory rate increased; compliance decreased
      whenever FRC increased, and increased whenever FRC decreased; and there was
      little effect on mean central venous or arterial pressure. These data indicate
      that increasing ventilator rates cause gas trapping within the lung. In normal
      animals, this may interfere with gas exchange and pulmonary blood flow. In
      abnormal lungs, the gas trapping may increase FRC and improve gas exchange within
      the lung.

PMID- 6370596
TI  - Technical considerations for platelet aggregation and related problems.
AB  - Platelet aggregation generally is ordered by the physician to evaluate platelet
      function in hemorrhagic or thrombotic disorders. Malfunction of the platelet may
      be the result of an intrinsic congenital defect or an acquired problem induced by
      drugs or certain circulating plasma factors. It is necessary to obtain
      information from the patient with respect to family history, drug ingestion,
      physical or mental stress. In addition, other laboratory studies should be
      obtained to rule out general coagulation disorders affecting the plasma factors.
      A bleeding time will be helpful in establishing the severity of any platelet
      dysfunction. Technical considerations with regard to the preparation of the
      samples are of primary importance in determining platelet aggregation.
      Aggregating studies require the use of a variety of binding agents. (Studies on
      shape change, adhesion of platelets, release of platelet granule substance, and
      or lysis with extrusion of cytoplasmic constituents may be helpful in certain
      cases.) Instrumentation for platelet aggregation presently is available in many
      hospitals. The technical factors to be considered for routine aggregation studies
      include the type and strength of anticoagulant, centrifugation technique used in
      preparing the platelet-rich and platelet-poor plasma, platelet concentration,
      time of storage of the sample after venipuncture and after centrifugation,
      temperature, and the mixing of the sample. In general, critical concentrations of
      each reagent should be employed to improve the discrimination capability of the
      assay. Small differences in response may be obliterated by using excessive
      concentrations of a given reagent. Comparison in response to the test platelets
      with control platelets is best done at the same time by performing the
      aggregation in a dual instrument so that handling procedures will be identical
      and artifactual differences eliminated.

PMID- 6370598
TI  - Positional hypoxemia during artificial ventilation.
AB  - The effect of body position was studied in 8 patients with predominantly
      unilateral lung disease, who were admitted to an ICU and placed under artificial
      ventilation. Significant changes in PaO2 were observed when body position was
      changed from supine to lateral decubitus. PaO2 increased from 149 to 227 torr
      when the sick lung was up (p less than .01), but decreased to 106 torr when the
      sick lung was down (p less than .02). Both differences were statistically
      significant. The values were not different for right vs. left lung disease.

PMID- 6370599
TI  - Neonatal pneumopericardium: analysis of ventilatory variables.
AB  - Case reports of all infants admitted to the NICU from 1971 to 1982, who developed
      a pneumopericardium (PPC) while receiving intermittent positive-pressure
      ventilation, were reviewed in order to determine those variables of assisted
      ventilation associated with the occurrence of PPC. Of 19 infants seen during the
      11-yr period, 16 had respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and 3 had other forms of
      severe pulmonary disease. Mean birth weight was 1720 g, gestational age 32 wk,
      and age at occurrence 59 h. Peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) (mean 32 cm H2O),
      inspiratory time (IT) (0.74 sec), and mean airway pressure (MAP) (mean 17 cm H2O)
      were significantly elevated just before occurrence of the PPC, compared with
      values 6 h previously. PEEP (mean 3.8 cm H2O), ventilator rate (mean 40/min),
      PaCO2 (mean 41 torr), P(A-a)O2 (mean 443 torr), and inspired oxygen concentration
      (FIO2, 0.77) were unchanged. MAP was significantly lower (mean 11 cm H2O) 6 h
      after the event compared with just before (mean 14 cm H2O) in infants who died,
      suggesting that lowering airway pressure does not improve survival. These data
      indicate that high PIP, prolonged IT and elevated MAP are associated with the
      development of PPC. MAP provides a composite of pressure transmitted to the
      airways and may be the more useful index in preventing barotrauma and pulmonary
      air leak.

PMID- 6370600
TI  - Effect of high-frequency oscillation on blood flow to an atelectatic lung in
      closed-chest dogs.
AB  - Seven dogs with electromagnetic flow probes implanted on their main (QT) and left
      (QL) pulmonary arteries, had catheters placed in their left atria and pulmonary
      artery, and were ventilated via Carlen's double-lumen endotracheal tubes. The
      effect of high-frequency oscillation (HFO) on the redistribution of pulmonary
      blood flow away from unilaterally atelectatic lungs was determined. During
      bilateral ventilation with 100% O2, using either a Harvard respirator (PPV) or an
      Emerson airway vibrator (HFO), the fraction of cardiac output perfusing the left
      lung (QL/QT) was 0.45 +/- .01 and 0.43 +/- .01, respectively, whereas PaO2 was
      465 +/- 40 and 334 +/- 34 torr, respectively. With left lung atelectasis during
      right lung ventilation with PPV at 10 to 15 cycle/min, QL/QT fell to 0.37 +/- .01
      and PaO2 was 56 +/- 5 torr. During HFO at 100 cycle/min, QL/QT fell to 0.32 +/-
      .02 whereas PaO2 rose to 102 +/- 23 torr. Mean transpulmonary pressure was 10.0
      +/- 1.5 torr with PPV and 7.3 +/- 1.2 torr during HFO; intrapleural pressures
      were -3.2 +/- 1.6 and -5.7 +/- 1.4 mm Hg, respectively. Thus, the diversion of
      blood away from unilaterally atelectatic lungs was better maintained during HFO.

PMID- 6370601
TI  - Airway movement in dogs during high-frequency jet ventilation.
AB  - Cine tantalum bronchograms were recorded from 7 pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs
      during spontaneous ventilation (SV), high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) at 3
      frequencies, and intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV) at 3
      combinations of tidal volume (VT) and rate. During SV and the 3 IPPV conditions,
      the percent inspiratory increase in the diameter of airways greater than 3 mm was
      the same as in airways less than 3 mm. With HFJV, the percent increase in the
      diameter of airways greater than 3 mm was twice that of smaller airways.
      Increases in airway diameter are proportional to transmural, and hence
      intraluminal airway pressure. These data, therefore, indicate that the
      contribution of intraluminal pressure changes to intrapulmonary gas transport in
      small airways during HFJV is less than with either SV or IPPV, and that
      mechanisms responsible for intrapulmonary gas transport in small conducting
      airways during HFJV are different than those associated with either SV or IPPV.

PMID- 6370602
TI  - Rapid micromeasurement of lactate in whole blood.
AB  - A new lactate sensor makes it possible to measure the lactate content of whole
      blood directly in less than 1 min, using only a 10-microL blood sample. The
      procedure works equally well with plasma, serum, spinal fluid, other body fluids,
      or tissue homogenates. The instrument is calibrated with lactate standards
      between 0 and 15 mMol/L. The sensor, a polarographic enzyme electrode, gives a
      current which is a linear function of the lactate concentration. There is no
      interference from glucose, pyruvate, alcohol, ascorbate, anticoagulants,
      lidocaine, acetaminophen, or other drugs and metabolites commonly encountered in
      critically ill patients. The lactate sensor is composed of a peroxide sensor and
      an enzyme transducer membrane. The lactate is stoichiometrically converted to
      pyruvate and hydrogen peroxide by lactate oxygen oxidoreductase derived from
      Pediococcus species. The oxygen required for the enzymatic oxidation is supplied
      via an air-permeable silicone elastomeric membrane used for stirring. Comparison
      of our new electroenzymatic method with the Boehringer-Mannheim photoenzymatic
      method gives correlations of 0.997 for both whole blood and plasma.

PMID- 6370603
TI  - The IMV-AMV controversy: a plea for clarification and redirection.

PMID- 6370604
TI  - Computed tomography of the liver.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) has been in clinical use for nearly a decade. The
      capabilities and potentials of this tool in evaluating disease of various organs
      are continuously being explored. A number of articles have been published
      focusing on its clinical applications in hepatic disorders and comparing its
      efficacy with other imaging modalities. This review presents hepatic CT findings
      and their utility in clinical practice.

PMID- 6370605
TI  - Use of air-fluidized therapy in the postoperative care of burned children.

PMID- 6370606
TI  - An improved fixation technique for ultrastructural preservation of embryonic
      lenses.
AB  - Substandard ultrastructural preservation of mitochondria in rat lenses, resulting
      from glutaraldehyde fixation, prompted us to apply the technique of Minassian and
      Huang which involved the addition of 0.1% sodium azide (NaN3), an inhibitor of
      mitochondrial respiration, to the fixative. As had been found in other tissue
      types by these investigators, we determined that the presence of NaN3 greatly
      improved the ultrastructure of mitochondria in embryonic lenses. That the effect
      of NaN3 was not strictly osmotic was established by comparison of lenses fixed in
      azide solution with those fixed in non-azide solutions of comparable and higher
      osmolalities.

PMID- 6370607
TI  - Selective cytotoxicity of monoclonal antibodies against fibroblasts: application
      in growth of human corneal epithelial cells in culture.
AB  - Several monoclonal antibodies were developed to cell-surface antigens of human
      corneal fibroblasts grown in culture. Indirect immunohistochemical analysis
      showed that the antigens recognized by these monoclonal antibodies were also
      present on the skin fibroblasts. However, these antigens were not detectable on
      corneal epithelial cells and, therefore, were specific with respect to cell-type.
      When screened for complement dependent cytotoxicity by dye-exclusion test and
      51Cr-release assay, two of the antibodies, designated 5F2-2 (IgM type) and 7E2-1
      (IgG type) were found to be cytotoxic to human embryonic lung and skin
      fibroblasts but not to corneal epithelial cells grown in culture. These two
      antibodies were utilized to selectively eliminate corneal fibroblasts in the
      presence of rabbit complement to establish corneal epithelial cells in culture
      free of corneal fibroblasts.

PMID- 6370608
TI  - The identification of prolyl endopeptidase in bovine lenses: a preliminary
      report.
AB  - A new neutral endopeptidase having the properties of prolyl endopeptidase was
      detected in bovine lenses. The enzyme hydrolyzed the prolyl bond in the newly
      developed fluorogenic substrate, t-butyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Pro-2-NNap, optimally at
      pH 8 and 37 degrees. The Km value was estimated to be 0.033 mM. An approximately
      4-fold purification was achieved. DFP completely inhibited the hydrolysis of Boc
      Arg-Pro-2-NNap by the endopeptidase.

PMID- 6370609
TI  - Parents and siblings of pediatric patients.

PMID- 6370610
TI  - The surgery of anorectal anomalies: its evolution, with evaluations of
      procedures.

PMID- 6370611
TI  - Methylation of the genes for 18S, 28S, and 5S ribosomal RNA.

PMID- 6370612
TI  - Control of maternal inheritance by DNA methylation in chlamydomonas.

PMID- 6370613
TI  - Effects of DNA methylation on mismatch repair, mutagenesis, and recombination in
      Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6370614
TI  - DNA methylation and its functional significance: studies on the adenovirus
      system.

PMID- 6370615
TI  - Replicative DNA methylation in animals and higher plants.

PMID- 6370616
TI  - Current principles in diagnosis and surgical management of breast cancer.

PMID- 6370617
TI  - Psychological effects of mastectomy.

PMID- 6370618
TI  - Military antishock trouser (MAST). Application as a reversible fluid challenge in
      patients on high PEEP.
AB  - Fluid management in the critically ill patient receiving high levels of positive
      end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) can be difficult. PEEP may cause the cardiac index
      to fall due to a decrease in left ventricular preload. However, the high
      intrathoracic pressures produced by PEEP negate the usefulness of the pulmonary
      artery occlusion pressure (PAo) as a measurement of left ventricular preload. The
      military antishock trouser (MAST), which has been presumed to compress the venous
      capacitance reservoir and auto-transfuse 500 to 1,000 ml to the central
      circulation, was used as a reversible predictor of the effects of fluids on 12
      critically ill patients receiving PEEP greater than 10 cm H2O with a decreased
      cardiac index. Hemodynamic variables were measured before, during, and after MAST
      inflation. Fluids were given in a quantity sufficient to maintain the same PAo
      after MAST deflation as achieved with the initial inflation. A significant
      improvement of cardiac performance and a high correlation between MAST and post
      MAST variables was observed. Application of MAST as a reversible fluid challenge
      is a useful method for predicting optimal fluid management.

PMID- 6370619
TI  - Effect of inhaled atropine or metaproterenol in patients with chronic airway
      obstruction and therapeutic serum theophylline levels.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (mean FEV1
      = 0.98 L) and high-normal serum theophylline levels (15-20 micrograms/ml) were
      evaluated in a randomized, double-blind fashion for additional bronchodilator
      response to aerosolized normal saline, atropine, or metaproterenol. Patients were
      classified as responders (R; n = 9) or nonresponders (NR; n = 12) to inhaled
      isoproterenol when they were taking no medications. Atropine and metaproterenol
      caused a significant additional increase in FEV1 for R (p less than .05), whereas
      only atropine resulted in a significant increase for NR (p less than .05). For R,
      the increase due to atropine was significantly greater compared to metaproterenol
      (p less than .05). We conclude that inhaled atropine (an anticholinergic drug)
      may be preferable to inhaled metaproterenol (a beta-adrenergic agonist) when
      additional bronchodilation is needed in patients with chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease and high-normal serum theophylline levels.

PMID- 6370620
TI  - Variability in lung collagen amounts after prolonged support of acute respiratory
      failure.
AB  - In order to identify correlates of fibrosis in acute respiratory failure,
      autopsies were performed on 16 patients who died after an episode of more than
      two weeks' duration, and the left lower lung lobe was obtained for biochemical
      measurements. The average amount of lobar collagen in one group of patients was
      nearly three times that in another group. Both groups had been mechanically
      ventilated for the same length of time and could not be distinguished by primary
      diagnosis. However, the group with increased collagen had received nearly twice
      the level of positive end-expiratory pressure and had received an inspired oxygen
      fraction of more than 0.4 for twice as long as the normal collagen group.
      Examination of complications and other aspects of therapy did not reveal clearcut
      differences between the groups. Examination of the same clinical data in a group
      of patients who had survived an episode of similar duration indicated that
      survivors differed from the high collagen group in inspired oxygen levels.

PMID- 6370621
TI  - Allergic bronchopulmonary candidiasis.
AB  - A patient had an illness consistent with allergic bronchopulmonary candidiasis.
      She had asthma, fleeting pulmonary infiltrate, immediate skin reactivity and
      precipitating antibody against Candida albicans, elevated total serum IgE
      concentration, elevated IgE and IgG antibody activity against C albicans, and two
      positive sputum cultures for C albicans. Serial serologic studies showed a
      significant decrease of serum IgE levels and IgE antibody activity after
      corticosteroid treatment.

PMID- 6370622
TI  - Occult purulent pericarditis detected by indium-111 leukocyte imaging.
AB  - Leukocyte imaging with indium-111 is a relatively new technique which, to this
      point in time, has been discussed almost exclusively in the radiologic
      literature. Although this procedure has been used mainly to detect intra
      abdominal infection, the thorax is routinely imaged along with the abdomen, and
      therefore detection of cardiac disease may be feasible. This case report is of a
      young woman after liver transplantation who developed occult purulent
      pericarditis initially detected by a leukocyte scan with indium-111. This case
      demonstrates that striking pericardial uptake on a whole-body indium-111
      leukocyte scan can occur with purulent pericarditis, and it reemphasizes how
      insidiously purulent pericarditis may present in an immunosuppressed patient.

PMID- 6370623
TI  - [Healing of the sacral wound cavity after abdomino-perineal extirpation of the
      rectum. A prospective randomized study using metronidazole].
AB  - In a prospective, controlled randomised study of 100 patients the healing of the
      sacral wound after abdomino-perineal exstirpation of the rectum with and without
      metronidazole parenterally was compared. A significant reduction in hospital stay
      and in postoperative time of drainage of the sacral wound was found. The primary
      wound healing, defined as healing without complications within 14 days, was
      registered in 84% in the treated group and in 56% in the controls. No influence
      was seen in the number of urinary tract infection by this treatment.

PMID- 6370624
TI  - [A new modification of the mechanical suture technic in deep anastomosis of the
      rectum].

PMID- 6370625
TI  - [Multimorbidity and surgical risk].

PMID- 6370626
TI  - [Pre-invasive tumors and precancerous conditions of the breast: local procedure-
      biopsy, tumor resection, subcutaneous mastectomy or simple mastectomy?
      Indications and results].

PMID- 6370627
TI  - [2 centuries ago Germain Pichault de la Martiniere died (1697-1783)].

PMID- 6370628
TI  - [Investigation on the diabetogenic action of prolactin].

PMID- 6370629
TI  - Three-color immunofluorescence analysis of Leu antigens on human peripheral blood
      using two lasers on a fluorescence-activated cell sorter.
AB  - A fluorescence-activated cell sorter was modified to quantify simultaneously
      three immunofluorescence stains on a population of cells. A dye laser containing
      rhodamine 6G was used to obtain 600 nm light to excite Texas Red coupled avidin.
      An argon ion laser operating at 488 nm excited both fluorescein and phycoerythrin
      directly conjugated antibodies. The emission from these fluorophores could be
      independently quantified as demonstrated by the histograms generated by samples
      labeled separately with each of the three stains. This three-color detection
      system was used to analyze human peripheral blood mononuclear cells for the
      expression of three antigens: Leu 2, Leu 7, and Leu 11. Upon reanalysis of the
      list mode data, several discrete subpopulations of lymphocytes could be
      identified based on the quantitative expression of these three antigens. Of
      particular interest in the normal sample studied was a population of dimly
      labeled Leu 2+ cells which were predominantly Leu 11+, a phenotype which is seen
      infrequently in normal individuals. This technique expands the combinations of
      antigens that can be studied at any one time and will facilitate the detection
      and functional analysis of cells in heterogeneous populations.

PMID- 6370630
TI  - Three-color immunofluorescence analysis of mouse B-lymphocyte subpopulations.
AB  - We have modified a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) to make three
      independent immunofluorescence measurements on each cell and used this system to
      study mouse B-lymphocyte subpopulations. An argon-ion laser (emitting at 488 nm)
      excites fluorescein- and phycoerythrin-labeled reagents, and a tunable dye laser
      charged with rhodamine 6G (emitting at 615 nm) excites an allophycocyanin-labeled
      reagent. We report simultaneous measurements of IgM, IgD, and the recently
      defined mouse B lymphocyte antigens BLA-1 and BLA-2 on splenic lymphocytes of
      CBA/J mice and mice of the congenic strain CBA/N (which have an X-linked
      immunodeficiency [xid]). These data provide information on relationships among
      the B-cell populations in CBA/J "normal" mice and the defective CBA/N that could
      not be derived from one- or two-color immunofluorescent measurements. We believe
      this is the first use of allophycocyanin as an immunofluorescence label.

PMID- 6370631
TI  - The measurement of specific cell: cell interactions by dual-parameter flow
      cytometry.
AB  - The Fc receptor-mediated aggregation of antibody-coated spleen cells with cells
      from the P388D1 mouse macrophage line was followed using a novel flow cytometric
      technique. P388D1 and spleen cells were directly labeled with green-emitting
      (fluorescein isothiocyanate) and red-emitting (substituted rhodamine
      isothiocyanate) fluorophores, respectively. They were mixed, incubated in
      suspension at 4 degrees C, and analyzed for aggregation with a dual laser flow
      cytometer. Unconjugated cells appeared as particles which were either red or
      green, while conjugates were detected as particles which were both red and green.
      Using this assay procedure, 5 X 10(4) cells were analyzed in 2-3 min for the
      percentages of conjugates, free spleen cells, and free P388D1 cells.
      Intercellular aggregation required both antibody on the spleen cells and free Fc
      receptors on the P388D1 cells; nonspecific aggregates accounted for 1% or less of
      the total particles analyzed. Measurements of the fluorescence distributions
      within conjugates indicated that the majority of conjugates contained a single
      P388D1 cell bound to 1-3 spleen cells, and that only heterophilic aggregation
      occurred. The flow cytometric technique described here should be applicable for
      the measurement of the initial events of intercellular aggregation in other
      systems as well.

PMID- 6370632
TI  - Sexual function and perineal wound healing after intersphincteric excision of the
      rectum for inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - The technique of intersphincteric excision of the rectum in patients with
      inflammatory bowel disease was introduced with the aim of avoiding postoperative
      sexual dysfunction and, combined with primary perineal suture, should decrease
      morbidity from delayed perineal wound healing. In a series of 98 patients so
      treated at St. Mark's Hospital, permanent sexual dysfunction from sympathetic
      nerve damage occurred in one male patient among 23 aged 60 years or less assessed
      postoperatively. No patient exhibited evidence of permanent parasympathetic nerve
      damage. Primary healing of the perineal wound was successful in 50 per cent of
      the cases and in 69 per cent the wound healed within three months of operation.
      It is suggested that this combination of operative techniques significantly
      decreases morbidity from rectal excision compared with more extensive procedures
      and should be more widely adopted.

PMID- 6370633
TI  - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. Henri Hartmann 1860-1952. New
      procedure for removal of cancers of the distal part of the pelvic colon.

PMID- 6370634
TI  - Ceruletide vs. metoclopramide in postoperative intestinal paralysis. A double
      blind clinical trial.
AB  - Sequential analysis of a double-blind clinical trial involving 26 patients
      demonstrated a statistically significant superiority of ceruletide over
      metroclopramide in restoring peristalsis in intestinal paralysis after abdominal
      surgery (P less than 0.05).

PMID- 6370635
TI  - The foreskin anoplasty.
AB  - The role of anal sensation in fecal control is well established. A new operative
      method of creating a skin-lined anal canal using the patient's foreskin, as a
      secondary procedure, in patients with anal (colonic) prolapse following surgery
      for high anorectal anomalies, is described. The results in five patients treated
      between 1967 and 1979 are presented. A sixth patient, treated in 1983, is not
      included due to the short follow-up period.

PMID- 6370636
TI  - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. William Bashall Gabriel 1893
      1975. Perineo-abdominal excision of the rectum in one stage.

PMID- 6370637
TI  - Short-term and long-term timolol maleate effects on corneal sensitivity.
AB  - The authors present data concerning the effect of timolol maleate on corneal
      sensitivity investigated with the Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer and with cotton
      wool wisps. Among 30 subjects with open-angle glaucoma, 15 subjects underwent a
      short-term trial with timolol maleate 0.50% in one eye, while 15 served in a long
      term trial with timolol maleate 0.50% or 0.25% in both eyes. A light reduction in
      corneal sensitivity, which did not reach statistical significance, was found
      during timolol treatment. After discussing the possible explanations of this side
      effect, the authors advise monitoring this parameter during the therapy.

PMID- 6370638
TI  - Effect of meditation on insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6370639
TI  - A mastery learning program for self blood glucose monitoring.

PMID- 6370640
TI  - [Induction of a wide spectrum of recombinations resulting from limited site
      directed damage to plasmid DNA by chemical mutagens].

PMID- 6370641
TI  - [A clinical study on treatment of refractory heart failure with oral captopril].

PMID- 6370642
TI  - Therapy of chronic obstructive airways disease.
AB  - The most frequently employed measure in attempts to alleviate symptoms and
      improve the quality of life of patients with chronic obstructive airways disease
      (COAD) is to prescribe medications. However, COAD is largely an irreversible
      condition and no therapeutic intervention has been shown to be universally
      useful. Theophylline or corticosteroid are occasionally helpful but most patients
      will not benefit. Of the remaining options, only oxygen has been shown to be
      effective in selected patients and should be administered on a continuous basis.
      It is becoming increasingly evident that clinicians should be more discriminating
      when making therapeutic decisions for persons with COAD. Maintenance therapy with
      pharmacological agents should be entertained only after individually conducted
      therapeutic trials. Moreover, enormous costs can result from treating even a
      small fraction of the population estimated to have COAD.

PMID- 6370643
TI  - Phenytoin-folic acid: a review.
AB  - The nutrient-drug interaction between folate and phenytoin is a two-way
      interaction. Folate deficiency resulting from long-term phenytoin therapy is a
      common occurrence, but progression of the deficiency to a megaloblastic anemia is
      rare. However, there are data to suggest nonanemic folate deficiency may be
      detrimental to the patient. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the
      ability of phenytoin to deplete body folate. The supplementation of folic acid to
      folate-deficient patients taking phenytoin has been shown to result in lowered
      serum concentrations of phenytoin, and possibly loss of control of the seizure
      disorder. Folate appears to be associated with the hepatic metabolism of
      phenytoin, although the effect of folic acid supplementation on phenytoin
      elimination kinetics is suggested to be individualized.

PMID- 6370645
TI  - Correction to postgraduate pharmacy fellowships.

PMID- 6370644
TI  - Tobacco smoking and drugs: a clinically important interaction?
AB  - Tobacco smoking may interact with the metabolism of a number of drugs. This has
      been demonstrated clearly in pharmacokinetic studies in animals and man. HOwever,
      tobacco smoking as a variant has been studied with relatively few clinically
      essential drugs and these studies do not always demonstrate a consistent effect
      of smoking. This review therefore not only records what data have emerged from
      pharmacokinetic or other studies, but it also attempts to determine whether such
      interactions have clinical significance. The main finding of this review is that,
      in the majority of examples, there is little evidence that there is a
      recognizable hazard from the interaction per se. The exceptions to this general
      conclusion are limited to four drugs: insulin, propoxyphene, propranolol, and
      theophylline preparations. With these drugs, there is some evidence of clinical
      importance of an interaction with tobacco smoking.

PMID- 6370646
TI  - [Pacemaker therapy with a steroid-containing electrode. Better conditions for
      stimulation and detection by steroid release from the tip of the probe].
AB  - Threshold increase, regularly observed after implantation of pacemakers, leads to
      increased current consumption and is the decisive factor in determining duration
      of pacemaker function. Local liberation of dexamethasone at the catheter tip
      inhibits reactive scar formation at this point. Studies on ten patients showed
      that with such a steroid-containing catheter thresholds even four weeks after
      implantation are below 0.07 ms at 2.5 or 1.25 V. Intraoperatively measured
      intracardiac R-wave potentials increased from 8.4 to 12.5 mV.

PMID- 6370647
TI  - [Intracoronary thrombolysis--a safe therapy for acute myocardial infarct?].

PMID- 6370648
TI  - [Comparative study of the danger of extravasation during infusions into the
      mammary vein or the jugular vein or the jugular vein in cattle (formation of
      blood clots, drug reflux)].

PMID- 6370649
TI  - [Antibiotic sensitivity of bacterial flora of ram semen].

PMID- 6370650
TI  - [An animal-compatible mouth gag for large domestic animals (brief report)].

PMID- 6370651
TI  - [Eimeria leuckarti infection in Equidae: extent and intensity in donkeys in
      Germany].

PMID- 6370652
TI  - A note on some abnormalities and anomalies in camels (Camelus dromedarius).

PMID- 6370653
TI  - [Antibiotic resistance of Salmonella in developing countries. An example: Papua
      New Guinea (brief report)].

PMID- 6370654
TI  - [Efficacy of albendazole as a pellet formulation against Ostertagia ostertagi and
      Cooperia oncophora in experimentally infected calves].

PMID- 6370655
TI  - [Vaccination of boars against Aujeszky's disease. 1. Spermatological findings
      during vaccination against Aujeszky's disease and in a subsequent infection
      trial].

PMID- 6370656
TI  - [Basal C-peptide determination or glucagon stimulation test in the choice of
      treatment of diabetes mellitus?].

PMID- 6370657
TI  - Early modern medical services at Moyale, Kenya.

PMID- 6370658
TI  - Provoked augmented inspirations in ventilated premature babies.
AB  - The stimulating and moderating factors of augmented inspirations provoked by
      artificial ventilation have been studied in 40 preterm babies on 182 different
      occasions. Provoked augmented inspirations were demonstrated by recording
      spontaneous respiratory activity during artificial ventilation by means of an
      oesophageal balloon and a pneumotachograph. Augmented inspirations were only seen
      during 18% of the study occasions. The frequency of this reflex was inversely
      related to the lung compliance as was the ventilator pressure necessary to
      provoke the augmented inspiration. The inflating volume which stimulated the
      reflex, when related to body weight, was similar in all the babies. Augmented
      inspirations were always provoked during the rapid rise in ventilator pressure at
      the onset of each inflation. Neonates who were recovering from paralysis by
      pancuronium and others being treated with theophylline both showed an increased
      frequency of augmented inspirations. It is possible that theophylline could be
      used to harness this advantageous reflex for the benefit of the ventilated
      preterm neonate.

PMID- 6370659
TI  - [University technico-scientific cooperation in Latin America and the response of
      international organizations].

PMID- 6370660
TI  - [Holistic and multidimensional diagnosis and therapy in dentistry].

PMID- 6370661
TI  - [Retention of parapulpal screws].

PMID- 6370662
TI  - The effect of captopril treatment on potassium-induced stimulation of aldosterone
      production in vitro.
AB  - Potassium and angiotensin (AII) show interdependence as stimuli of aldosterone
      production. However, potassium stimulates in vitro in the absence of AII. In the
      present study we examined for a contribution by AII to the in vitro stimulatory
      potential of potassium, an AII effect mediated on the adrenal before killing of
      the animal. Captopril, an angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitor, was
      administered orally and by sc injection for 3 days so as to decrease levels of
      AII. Aldosterone secretory responses by adrenal capsules to graded increments in
      potassium were measured subsequently using a perifusion system. It was found that
      captopril pretreatment significantly reduced the magnitude of aldosterone
      secretory response to increments in potassium of 0.5 to 6.0 mM, from a baseline
      potassium concentration of 3.5 mM. Responses to the lowest increment in
      potassium, 0.5 and 1.0 mM, were virtually abolished by captopril treatment. The
      results suggest that AII sensitizes the adrenal glomerulosa such that very small
      changes in potassium concentration can affect aldosterone production.

PMID- 6370663
TI  - The influence of progesterone and estradiol on the acute changes in pulsatile
      luteinizing hormone release induced by ovariectomy on diestrus day 1 in the rat.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine whether the rapid increases in LH pulse
      amplitude and frequency that occur within 24 h after ovariectomy (ovx) on
      diestrus day 1 (D1) were due to the removal of progesterone (P) and/or estradiol
      (E). Initial studies demonstrated that plasma levels of E and P were 18.2 +/- 1.2
      pg/ml and 34.1 +/- 3.2 ng/ml, respectively, between the evening of D1 and the
      morning of D2 in our colony of intact rats. Immediately after ovx and jugular
      venous cannulation on the morning of D1, rats were implanted either with empty
      Silastic capsules or capsules capable of restoring physiological levels of E and
      P to the control values reported above. These rats were continuously bled (75
      microliter/6 min) for 3 h 1 day after ovx for analysis of pulsatile LH release,
      and then additional plasma samples were gathered for determination of E and P
      levels. Rats with empty capsules had decreased levels of E and P and increases in
      mean blood LH levels, LH pulse amplitude, and pulse frequency. Animals with E
      capsules had physiological levels of E and decreased levels of P, but no
      suppression of the acute post-ovx increase in pulsatile LH release. In contrast,
      animals with P capsules had physiological plasma levels of P, decreased levels of
      E, and a marked reduction in the acute LH response to ovx. This suppression was
      due entirely to a decrease in LH pulse amplitude, as pulse frequency was not
      altered. Rats with E and P capsules had physiological levels of these hormones,
      which resulted in an even greater reduction in the acute LH response to ovx. This
      suppression was due to decreases in both LH pulse amplitude and pulse frequency.
      The effect of P on LH pulse amplitude was centrally mediated, since the in vitro
      response to LHRH of anterior pituitary fragments from P-implanted rats was the
      same as that of anterior pituitary fragments taken from rats with empty capsules.
      These studies demonstrate that the acute increase in LH pulse amplitude that
      occurs within 24 h after ovx on D1 is due to the absence of a central inhibitory
      effect of ovarian P, while the rapid increase in LH pulse frequency is due to the
      loss of both ovarian E and P.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6370664
TI  - Insulin regulation of lipoprotein lipase in cultured isolated rat adipocytes.
AB  - The cellular regulation of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase by insulin was
      investigated using cultured isolated rat adipocytes. Evidence for sustained cell
      viability over 3 days included stability of specific [125I]insulin binding and
      adipocyte number. Lipoprotein lipase was measured in three functional
      compartments: 1) enzyme activity secreted into the culture medium, 2) activity
      releasable from cell suspensions by heparin, and 3) activity extractable from
      cells (after maximal heparin release) in deoxycholate and detergent. One day
      after preparation, these activities stabilized and were 1.3 +/- 0.2, 1.4 +/- 0.2,
      and 7.7 +/- 0.9 neq/10(6) cells X min, respectively (n = 24, mean +/- SEM).
      Insulin, added the day after preparation, produced a dose-dependent (1-400 ng/ml)
      increase in lipoprotein lipase releasable from cells by heparin at 2, 4, and 24
      h. Insulin also increased intracellular enzyme measured as deoxycholate-detergent
      solubilized activity extracted from previously heparin-released cells. However,
      insulin-mediated increases in culture medium enzyme only occurred subsequent to
      cellular effects. All insulin-mediated effects were prevented by cycloheximide (1
      microgram/ml). Thus, insulin increased two cellular pools of adipocyte
      lipoprotein lipase in a dose-dependent manner, but had no direct effect on enzyme
      secretion. Overall, cultured isolated rat adipocytes appear to be a valuable
      system for the study of lipoprotein lipase regulation at the level of the
      adipocyte.

PMID- 6370665
TI  - Angiotensin II mediates increased small intestinal fluid absorption with
      extracellular volume depletion in the rat.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine if the increase in small intestinal
      fluid absorption observed after extracellular fluid (ECF) reduction is mediated
      by angiotensin II (AII). Infusion of AII at doses that increase plasma levels of
      the hormone within the physiological range stimulates jejunal fluid absorption.
      In contrast, at pharmacological doses that result in plasma AII levels unlikely
      to be encountered normally, the hormone inhibits absorption and/or stimulates
      jejunal secretion. The AII stimulation of jejunal fluid absorption is potentiated
      by nephrectomy, suggesting that the endogenous levels of AII are related to and
      have an important role in regulation of the cellular level of its own receptors.
      Extracellular volume reduction as a result of sodium depletion, nonhypotensive
      hemorrhage, or water deprivation increases jejunal fluid absorption 30-40% above
      control values. This increase in jejunal absorption after ECF reduction is not
      affected by adrenalectomy, but is abolished by nephrectomy, either alone or in
      combination with adrenalectomy. Captopril, prazosin, and peripheral sympathectomy
      also abolish the increase in jejunal absorption following ECF depletion. It is
      suggested that AII is generated after ECF reduction and increases jejunal fluid
      absorption by facilitating the release of norepinephrine from enteric sympathetic
      nerves. Thus, AII is a physiologically important mediator of jejunal fluid
      absorption.

PMID- 6370666
TI  - Hormonal control of plasminogen activator secretion in ZR-75-1 human breast
      cancer cells in culture.
AB  - Activity of secreted plasminogen activator (PA) by ZR-75-1 human breast cancer
      cells in culture is shown to be altered by the addition of physiologically
      relevant concentrations of the hormones 17 beta-estradiol (E2), insulin, and
      dexamethasone. After 48 h, E2 stimulated PA activity 6-fold at concentrations as
      low as 10(-12) M. This stimulation was prevented by the addition of actinomycin D
      and cycloheximide. The antiestrogen tamoxifen reduced estrogen stimulation of PA,
      but had slight stimulatory effects on PA secretion by itself. Insulin (5 X 10(
      10) M) induced a 2-fold increase in PA activity. Effects of insulin and E2 were
      additive, suggesting independent sites of control of PA production. Dexamethasone
      (10(-8) M) decreased PA activity by 20%, but did not inhibit cell growth at the
      concentration tested. These data suggest that secreted PA activity is
      differentially regulated by hormones and that effects of PA and growth do not
      occur in parallel.

PMID- 6370667
TI  - Receptor binding and biological activity of specifically labeled [125I]- and
      [127I]monoiodoinsulin isomers in isolated rat adipocytes.
AB  - The receptor binding characteristics and biological activity of single site
      monoiodinated insulin was investigated using isolated rat adipocytes. Pork
      insulin was iodinated by the lactoperoxidase method, and each of the four
      monoiodo derivatives (iodotyr-A14, iodotyr-A19, iodotyr-B16, and iodotyr-B26) was
      isolated by high performance liquid chromatography. Both radioactive 125I-labeled
      and nonradioactive 127I-labeled iodoinsulins were prepared. In competitive
      binding experiments in which each 125I-labeled iodoisomer competed for receptor
      binding at 15 C with its homologous 127I-labeled iodoisomer, the concentrations
      of homolog required for 50% inhibition of tracer binding were 1.67 +/- 0.06, 2.14
      +/- 0.23, and 2.35 +/- 0.27 X 10(-9) M for the B26, A14, and B16 iodoisomers,
      respectively (mean +/- SEM; n = 3). Scatchard analysis of the homologous
      competition curves using a two-site model indicated that there was no difference
      in the total number of specific sites to which each isomer could bind or in their
      affinity for binding to the low affinity site. However, a significantly (P less
      than 0.05) higher affinity for (B26)iodoinsulin binding to the high affinity site
      was observed compared to either the (A14)- or (B16)iodoisomers (Kd values of 1.09
      +/- 0.18, 2.09 +/- 0.40, and 2.24 +/- 0.15 X 10(-9) M for B26, A14, and B16,
      respectively). Degradation of the isomers by adipocytes incubated at 37 C
      occurred at a rate proportional to their receptor binding affinity. The
      biological activity of iodoinsulins was also evaluated, based on the ability
      either to stimulate glucose oxidation or to exert an antilipolytic effect. The
      127I-labeled (B26)iodoisomer exhibited the greatest potency in both assays
      compared to either (A14)- or (B16)iodoinsulins, consistent with its higher
      apparent affinity for receptor binding. The receptor-binding activity and
      biological potency of unmodified native insulin and 127I-labeled (A14)
      iodoinsulin were directly compared. Identical results were obtained for each in
      both types of assay, suggesting that (A14)iodoinsulin is a valid tracer for
      insulin with isolated adipocytes. We conclude that in isolated rat adipocytes,
      (B26)iodoinsulin has greater activity than either unlabeled insulin or the other
      iodinated derivatives. (A14)Iodoinsulin is indistinguishable from native insulin;
      (B16)iodoinsulin has slightly reduced activity, while that of (A19)iodoinsulin is
      considerably reduced.

PMID- 6370668
TI  - Differentiation between the short and long term effects of glucose on the
      intracellular calcium content of the pancreatic beta-cell.
AB  - The problem of how glucose affects the intracellular (La3+-nondisplaceable)
      calcium content of pancreatic beta-cells was approached by combining measurements
      of 45Ca in ob/ob-mouse islets loaded to isotopic equilibrium with determinations
      of calcium using electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy. Whereas short
      term changes of the glucose concentration induced marked alterations of insulin
      release, the islet content of intracellular 45Ca was remarkably stable. The
      chronic actions of glucose differed from the acute ones in being readily
      demonstrable and sometimes resulting even in a suppression of the calcium
      content. Thus, after 7 days of culture in 20 mM glucose, the amount of
      intracellular calcium was actually lower than when the islets were cultured at
      5.5 mM glucose. The long term effect of glucose in suppressing the islet content
      of intracellular calcium was associated with degranulation and loss of
      immunoreactive insulin, indicated both from staining of the beta-cells and
      measurements of the extracted hormone by RIA. The previously unknown ability of
      glucose to suppress the islet content of intracellular calcium may consequently
      result from mobilization of the secretory granules.

PMID- 6370669
TI  - Insulin receptors in isolated adult mouse intestinal cells: studies in vivo and
      in organ culture.
AB  - Isolated intestinal cells from adult mice possess a high concentration of insulin
      receptors. The binding capacity and the number of binding sites are higher in
      duodenum than in jejunum or ileum and in the upper part of the villus than in the
      crypts. The specific binding is, respectively, 11.8 +/- 1.0%, 9.1 +/- 4.0%, and
      5.5 +/- 0.3%/mg . protein for duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The number of high
      affinity sites per cell is, respectively, 11.0 X 10(3), 3 X 10(3), and 2.5 X
      10(3). The number of low affinity sites per cell is, respectively, 11.0 X 10(4),
      4.1 X 10(3), and 3.9 X 10(3). This specific binding increases to 15.9 +/- 0.9%
      after 24 h of fasting and to 24.5 +/- 2.2% mg protein after 48 h of fasting. This
      increase is due not only to an increment in the number of sites but also to
      alterations in affinity constants (K1, control, 0.380, 48-h fasting, 0.044 X
      10(9) M-1; K2, control, 1.20, 48-h fasting; 2.61 X 10(7) M-1). The receptors are
      mainly located on the basolateral and internal membranes (P1, 9.4 +/- 0.7%/mg
      protein), but are also present on brush border membranes (P2, 2.6 +/- 1.1%/mg
      protein, P less than 0.01). After 24 h of organ culture, the specific binding is
      not modified in duodenal explants. Moreover, in the presence of insulin in the
      culture medium, the binding is decreased by 59%.

PMID- 6370670
TI  - Preoptic area brain grafts in hypogonadal (hpg) female mice abolish effects of
      congenital hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency.
AB  - Normal fetal preoptic area (POA), a site of GnRH production, was implanted into
      the third ventricle of adult female hypogonadal (hpg) mice. When the grafts were
      successful, the mice (genetically deficient in hypothalamic GnRH) responded with
      vaginal opening, cornified vaginal cells, ovarian and uterine development, and
      increased pituitary FSH content and plasma LH concentrations. Similar results
      were obtained with fetal POA tissue, whether derived from males or females. Two
      of four hpg mice with POA grafts mated when caged overnight with males. Hpg
      females that received cortical tissue from fetuses or from 16-day-old pups, or
      POA tissue from 16-day-old pups, showed none of these changes, remaining similar
      to untreated hpg females.

PMID- 6370671
TI  - Puberty-related increase in episodic LHRH release from rat hypothalamus in vitro.
AB  - The retrochiasmatic hypothalamus (RCH) was removed from brains of male rats
      between 12 and 50 days of age, and immediately studied in vitro. The release of
      LHRH from the RCH was evaluated by periodic (7.5-min) collections of culture
      medium and subsequent RIA. With synthetic LHRH in the experimental system, the
      mean (+/- 1 SD) recovery was 94 +/- 7% with a variation coefficient of 14 +/- 3%.
      An increase in LHRH release was considered to be significant when it exceeded 6
      pg/7.5 min. Biological viability of RCH in vitro was assessed by an increased
      release of LHRH in response to the depolarizing effect of veratridine. As age
      increased, from 12 to 50 days, the hypothalamic LHRH content steadily increased.
      However, a significant increase in veratridine - induced release of LHRH occurred
      only at 23 days and thereafter. At various ages, single hypothalami were studied
      during a mean 112-min period to evaluate the spontaneous release of LHRH. In all
      age groups, the in vitro LHRH release occurred in pulses. However, mean pulse
      frequency increased significantly with age: in 12- and 17-day-old rats, 0.3
      pulse/112 min was observed; at 23, 25 and 27 days, this frequency varied between
      1.8 and 3.0 pulses/112 min. At 50 days of age, the observed frequency was within
      the same range. We conclude that the RCH obtained from rats of various ages may
      retain in vitro its capacity to release LHRH episodically and that the frequency
      of these episodic pulses markedly increases with age to the time of the onset of
      puberty in male rats.

PMID- 6370672
TI  - Conceptual problems in establishing the critical concentration of cadmium in
      human kidney cortex.
AB  - The definition of the "critical concentration" for cadmium is compared with the
      concepts used to establish this measure in some recent publications. The term has
      not been clearly defined on a population basis and this has given rise to certain
      confusion. Different groups of investigators therefore have arrived at different
      estimates of the "critical concentration" for cadmium in human kidney cortex. A
      new measure, the "population critical concentration" (PCC) with a clearly defined
      response rate, is suggested. A reanalysis of the published data indicates that
      the PCC-10 (10% response rate) for cadmium in kidney cortex is likely to be in
      the range 180-220 micrograms/g and the PCC-50 is likely to be about 25% higher.

PMID- 6370673
TI  - Development of a mathematical model for predicting concentrations of small
      asbestos fibers.
AB  - The standard method of asbestos sample analysis by phase-contrast microscopy
      excludes fibers which are below the resolution limits of the light microscope.
      Electron microscopic studies revealed that fibers in these small size ranges
      comprise the majority of fibers in asbestos dust. This research was conducted to
      determine if the development of a mathematical model for predicting
      concentrations of small fibers (less than 5 microns length) based on phase
      contrast concentrations was feasible. The model presented in this paper was
      evaluated for its practical utility and was determined to be of minimal value;
      however, it was felt that the development of a reasonably accurate model can be
      arrived at through continued research.

PMID- 6370674
TI  - Pathogenic and free-living protozoa cultured from the nasopharyngeal and oral
      regions of dental patients.
AB  - Protozoa of nose, mouth, and pharynx of 30 randomly chosen female caries patients
      at an odontological clinic of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, were
      surveyed by culture from swabs. Culture tubes of swabs from each patient were
      observed every other day during 5 weeks. Pathogenic protozoa found included
      Entamoeba histolytica Schaudinn, 1903; Naegleria fowleri Carter, 1970;
      Acanthamoeba castelanii Douglas, 1930; Acanthamoeba culbertsoni Singh & Das,
      1970; and Balantidium coli (Malmsten, 1857) Stein, 1862. This isolation of
      pathogens suggests that healthy patients may be healthy carriers of cysts of
      protozoa, mainly amoebae, responsible for several diseases, including primary
      amoebic meningoencephalitis. Small pathogenic free-living amoebae have not been
      isolated before from females in Mexico. Many species of free-living protozoa were
      also cultured from swabs from the patients.

PMID- 6370675
TI  - Arthroscopic surgery in man.

PMID- 6370676
TI  - Immunocytochemical distribution of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract
      of the horse.
AB  - Endocrine cells immunoreactive for somatostatin, gastrin, glicentin, glucagon,
      secretin, cholecystokinin, motilin and neurotensin were identified
      immunocytochemically in the gastrointestinal mucosa of the horse. Somatostatin-,
      glicentin- and glucagon-immunoreactive cells were very numerous in the cardiac
      and fundic regions of the stomach, whereas most gastrin-immunoreactive cells were
      confined to the pyloric region. Somatostatin-immunoreactive cells also were
      detected in all portions of the small intestine while gastrin-immunoreactive
      cells were confined exclusively to the upper portion and glicentin-immunoreactive
      cells were limited to the lower portions of the small intestine. Secretin-,
      cholecystokinin- and motilin-immunoreactive cells were observed only in the
      duodenum, while neurotensin-immunoreactive cells were confined primarily to the
      ileum. In the large intestine, somatostatin- and glicentin-immunoreactive cells
      were detected in the colon and rectum. The preferential location of endocrine
      cells provides additional information for future studies on the physiological
      roles of gastrointestinal peptides in the gastrointestinal tract of the horse.

PMID- 6370677
TI  - Highly sensitive sites for guanine-O6 ethylation in rat brain DNA exposed to N
      ethyl-N-nitrosourea in vivo.
AB  - Brain chromosomal DNA isolated from fetal BDIX-rats 1 h after i.v. administration
      of the ethylating N-nitroso carcinogen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (75 micrograms/g
      body weight), statistically contained one molecule of O6-ethyl-2'-deoxyguanosine
      (O6-EtdGuo) per 81 micron of DNA, as determined in enzymatic DNA hydrolysates by
      competitive radio-immunoassay using a high-affinity anti-(O6-EtdGuo) monoclonal
      antibody (ER-6). After fragmentation of the DNA by the restriction enzyme AluI
      (average fragment length, Lav = 0.28 micron = 970 bp; length range, Lr = 1.87
      0.02 micron = 6540 - 60 bp), a small (approximately 2%) fraction of DNA enriched
      in specific polypeptides tightly associated with DNA was separated from the bulk
      DNA by a glass fiber binding technique. As analyzed by immune electron
      microscopy, approximately 1% of the DNA molecules in this fraction contained
      clusters of 2-10 (O6-EtdGuo)-antibody binding sites (ABS). On the cluster-bearing
      fragments (Lav, 0.85 micron +/- 0.50 micron S.D.; corresponding to 2970 +/- 1760
      bp) the average ABS-ABS interspace distance was 110 nm (= 390 bp; range
      approximately 9-600 nm), indicating a highly non-random distribution of O6-EtdGuo
      in target cell DNA.

PMID- 6370678
TI  - Isolation of a class C transcription factor which forms a stable complex with
      tRNA genes.
AB  - A yeast extract was fractionated to resolve the factors involved in the
      transcription of yeast tRNA genes. An in vitro transcription system was
      reconstituted with two separate protein fractions and purified RNA polymerase C
      (III). Optimal conditions for tRNA synthesis have been determined. One essential
      component, termed tau factor, was partially purified by conventional
      chromatographic methods on heparin-agarose and DEAE-Sephadex; it sedimented as a
      large macromolecule in glycerol gradients (mol. wt. approximately 300 000). tau
      factor was found to form a stable complex with the tRNA gene in the absence of
      other transcriptional components. Complex formation is very fast, is not
      temperature dependent between 10 degrees C and 25 degrees C and does not require
      divalent cations. The factor-DNA complex is stable for at least 30 min at high
      salt concentration (0.1 M ammonium sulfate). These results indicate that gene
      recognition by a specific factor is a primary event in tRNA synthesis.

PMID- 6370679
TI  - Sorbitol dehydrogenase is a zinc enzyme.
AB  - Evidence is given that tetrameric sorbitol dehydrogenase from sheep liver
      contains one zinc atom per subunit, most probably located at the active site, and
      no other specifically bound zinc or iron atom. In alcohol dehydrogenases that are
      structurally related to sorbitol dehydrogenase, more than one zinc atom per
      subunit can complicate investigations of zinc atom function. Therefore, sorbitol
      dehydrogenase will be particularly valuable for defining the precise roles of
      zinc in alcohol and polyol dehydrogenases, and for establishing correlations of
      structure and function with other important zinc-containing proteins.

PMID- 6370680
TI  - Sequence and cloning of bacteriophage T4 gene 63 encoding RNA ligase and tail
      fibre attachment activities.
AB  - The sequence of gene 63 of bacteriophage T4 was determined by a shotgun approach.
      Small DNA fragments, derived by sonication of a restriction fragment that
      encompasses the region of gene 63, were cloned in M13 vectors and sequenced by
      the 'dideoxy' method. The position of the gene was established by comparison with
      the sequence of a gene 63 amber mutant. Knowledge of the DNA sequence of gene 63
      and surrounding regions has allowed the construction of a clone of gene 63 in
      which RNA ligase production is under the control of the lac promoter of
      bacteriophage M13mp8. Infected E. coli cells can be induced to produce a protein
      indistinguishable from commercially available RNA ligase.

PMID- 6370681
TI  - Identification of a cDNA clone encoding a mature blood stage antigen of
      Plasmodium falciparum by immunization of mice with bacterial lysates.
AB  - A cDNA library was constructed in pBR322 using mRNA from blood stages of a Papua
      New Guinean isolate of Plasmodium falciparum. Expression of parasite antigens was
      not directly detectable by conventional immunological assays. To circumvent this,
      mice were immunized with lysates of cDNA clones, and the antisera raised were
      assayed for anti-parasite reactivity. One cDNA clone was identified which
      reliably elicited antibodies to P. falciparum. The mouse antisera were used to
      characterize the native P. falciparum protein as a 120-kd protein, which is
      antigenic during natural infection. The protein occurs in late trophozoite and
      schizont stages and is found in isolates of the parasite from widely separated
      geographical areas. The genomic context of the antigen gene is conserved in the
      different isolates.

PMID- 6370682
TI  - Haemopoietic cell growth factor mediates cell survival via its action on glucose
      transport.
AB  - A number of haematopoietic precursor cell lines have been established which
      exhibit an absolute dependence on haematopoietic cell growth factor (HCGF) which
      is secreted by WEHI-3 myelomonocytic leukaemia cells. In the presence of HCGF,
      ATP levels are maintained in these factor-dependent cells (FDC-P cells); in the
      absence of HCGF, intracellular ATP levels undergo a steady depletion. The cell
      death that follows this ATP depletion can be prevented by supplying exogenous ATP
      suggesting that HCGF maintains these cells via its effects on energy metabolism.
      We have investigated the effect of HCGF on FDC-P cells further and found that:
      (i) HCGF markedly and rapidly increases lactate production; (ii) high
      extracellular glucose or glycolytic intermediate concentrations can maintain FDC
      P cell viability to some extent whilst stimulating lactate production; (iii) the
      uptake of 2-deoxyglucose by FDC-P2 cells is stimulated by HCGF in a dose
      dependent fashion. This uptake is inhibited by cytochalasin B; (iv) HCGF does not
      stimulate L-glucose uptake by FDC-P cells. These results suggest that HCGF acts
      to maintain FDC-P cells via its action on glucose transport. The significance of
      these results to haemopoiesis and leukaemogenesis is discussed.

PMID- 6370683
TI  - The Schizosaccharomyces pombe sup3-i suppressor recognizes ochre, but not amber
      codons in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - The inefficient suppressor sup3-i of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
      is an ochre suppressor. Sup3-i was derived from the efficient serine inserting
      UGA suppressor sup3-e. The cloning and sequencing of the sup3-i gene indicate
      that the suppressor is different from the parent sup3-e by a C----T substitution
      in the sequence coding for the middle position of the anticodon. In vitro
      translation assays supplemented with purified sup3-i tRNA and programmed with
      Xenopus globin mRNAs lead to the accumulation of a readthrough product in
      response to UAA termination signals, but not in response to UGA termination
      codons. Transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae nonsense mutant strains with
      plasmid DNA carrying the S. pombe sup3-i gene, led to ochre, but not amber or UGA
      suppression in vivo.

PMID- 6370684
TI  - Identification and localization of reiterated sequences in the Choristoneura
      fumiferana MNPV genome.
AB  - The genome of Choristoneura fumiferana nuclear polyhedrosis virus (CfMNPV)
      contained reiterated sequences interdispersed in four locations. These regions,
      termed RS, were found in EcoRI fragments A, F, E and B. The sequences were
      identified by hybridization of the fragment EcoRI-A to a Southern blot of EcoRI
      digested viral DNA. Further confirmation and more precise localization of the RS
      sequences was obtained by hybridization of nick-translated 32P-labeled EcoRI-E
      fragment to Southern blots of viral DNA digested with EcoRI, BamHI, XbaI and
      Bg/II. Hybridization of 32P-labeled EcoRI-E to HindIII blots of viral DNA
      revealed the presence of a 'ladder' consisting of eight fragments. The three
      fragments of the ladder with the lowest sizes represented the HindIII fragments,
      O, PQ and R. The other five fragments were submolar in amount, in that they could
      not be seen in ethidium bromide-stained gels and probably represented minor virus
      variants that arose after passage of virus in larvae. Each variant was
      distinguished from the others by an additional insertion of 210 bp into the EcoRI
      B fragment of the genome.

PMID- 6370685
TI  - Inducible repair of O-alkylated DNA pyrimidines in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The three miscoding alkylated pyrimidines O2-methylcytosine, O2-methylthymine and
      O4-methylthymine are specifically recognized by Escherichia coli DNA repair
      enzymes. The activities are induced as part of the adaptive response to
      alkylating agents. O2-Methylcytosine and O2-methylthymine are removed by a DNA
      glycosylase, the alkA+ gene product, which also acts on N3-methylated purines. O4
      Methylthymine is repaired by a methyltransferase, previously known to correct O6
      methylguanine by transfer of the methyl group to one of its own cysteine
      residues. It is proposed that certain common structural features of the various
      methylated bases allow each of the two inducible repair enzymes to recognize and
      remove several different kinds of lesions from alkylated DNA.

PMID- 6370686
TI  - Evolution of aspartyl proteases by gene duplication: the mouse renin gene is
      organized in two homologous clusters of four exons.
AB  - Overlapping recombinant clones that appear to encompass the entire renin gene,
      named Ren 1, have been isolated from a library of BALB/c mouse genomic DNA
      fragments. Based on restriction endonuclease mapping and DNA sequence analysis,
      Ren 1 spans 9.6 kb and contains nine exons interrupted by eight intervening
      sequences of highly variable size. The first exon, encoding the signal peptide of
      preprorenin, is separated from the eight following exons by a 3-kb intron. These
      eight exons are organized into two clusters of four separated by a 2-kb intron.
      DNA stretches encoding the aspartyl residues, which are part of the active site
      of renin, are located at homologous positions in both clusters. Our results show
      that aspartyl protease genes have arisen by duplication and fusion of an
      ancestral gene containing five exons. The estimated date of the duplication event
      of the mouse renin genes Ren 1 and Ren 2 is discussed.

PMID- 6370687
TI  - Integrity of the pericellular fibronectin matrix of fibroblasts is independent of
      sulfated glycosaminoglycans.
AB  - The pericellular matrix fibers of cultured human fibroblasts contain fibronectin,
      other glycoproteins, and heparan and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. In the
      present study, cell-free pericellular matrices were isolated from metabolically
      labeled fibroblast cultures. The isolated matrices were digested with heparinase
      from Flavobacterium heparinum, and then analyzed for sulfated glycosaminoglycans
      (GAGs). Nitrous acid degradation was used to distinguish the N-sulfated GAGs
      (heparan sulfate) from chondroitin sulfate. Fibronectin and the other major
      matrix polypeptides were studied using gel electrophoresis, enzyme immunoassay
      and immunofluorescence. Upon heparinase digestion, greater than 95% of sulfated
      GAGs were degraded in the matrix without detectable release of fibronectin or
      other matrix polypeptides or alteration of the fibrillar matrix structure. We
      conclude that in fibroblast cultures the integrity of the fibrillar matrix is
      independent of sulfated GAGs. Together with earlier observations, this suggests
      that filamentous polymerization of fibronectin forms the backbone of early
      connective tissue matrix.

PMID- 6370688
TI  - A defined mutation in the protein export gene within the spc ribosomal protein
      operon of Escherichia coli: isolation and characterization of a new temperature
      sensitive secY mutant.
AB  - We describe the properties of a temperature-sensitive mutant, ts24, of
      Escherichia coli. The mutant has a conditional defect in export of periplasmic
      and outer membrane proteins. At 42 degrees C, precursor forms of these proteins
      accumulate within the cell where they are protected from digestion by externally
      added trypsin. The accumulated precursors are secreted and processed very slowly
      at 42 degrees C. The mutation is complemented by expression of the wild-type secY
      (or prlA) gene, which has been cloned into a plasmid vector from the promoter
      distal part of the spc ribosomal protein operon. The mutant has a single base
      change in the middle of the secY gene, which would result in the replacement of a
      glycine residue by aspartic acid in the protein product. These results
      demonstrate that the gene secY (prlA) is essential for protein translocation
      across the E. coli cytoplasmic membrane.

PMID- 6370689
TI  - Hepatitis B virus antigens made in microbial cells immunise against viral
      infection.
AB  - Chimpanzees have been vaccinated successfully against hepatitis B virus with
      preparations of the viral antigens made in microbial cells by genetic engineering
      methods.

PMID- 6370690
TI  - Laminin is induced in astrocytes of adult brain by injury.
AB  - Laminin is a high mol. wt. non-collagenous matrix glycoprotein, confined in adult
      tissues to basement membranes. In normal rat brain we found laminin mainly in
      vessel walls but, after injury, induced by stereotaxic injection of a neurotoxin,
      laminin immunoreactivity appeared also in reactive astrocytes, which are
      characteristically positive for the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).
      Laminin was first detected in GFAP-immunoreactive glial cells 24 h after injury.
      Four days later the majority of reactive astrocytes in the gray matter were
      positive for laminin and the laminin immunoreactivity, but not that of GFAP,
      gradually subsided within a month. Fibronectin, the other major matrix
      glycoprotein, was found only in capillary structures both in normal and lesioned
      brain tissue. The results indicate that mature astrocytes have the potential to
      produce laminin and suggest a role for this glycoprotein in brain regeneration.

PMID- 6370691
TI  - Adaptive response of mammalian skeletal muscle to exercise with high loads.

PMID- 6370692
TI  - Endocrine concomitants of sweating and sweat depression.
AB  - The effect of humid heat (Ta = 43 degrees C, Pa = 32 Torr) on sweat rate, plasma
      renin activity and plasma levels of aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
      was studied in four male subjects before and after repeated heat exposures. Over
      sweating and sweat drippage followed by hidromeiosis were observed in three
      subjects during initial heat exposure. With repeated humid heat exposures
      increased sweat rates were accompanied by a more intense sweat depression
      (hidromeiosis) in all four subjects. In our conditions, no changes in plasma
      levels of aldosterone and ADH or plasma renin activity were observed with
      hidromeiosis. Plasma renin activity was slightly depressed by repeated exposures,
      whereas plasma volumes were enhanced, with no significant changes in plasma Na or
      K. The results suggest that neither ADH nor the components of the renin
      angiotensin aldosterone system are involved in the hidromeiotic phenomenon.

PMID- 6370693
TI  - Further study of biological activities of chemically synthesized analogues of
      lipid A in artificial membrane vesicles.
AB  - In the previous paper [Eur. J. Biochem. 124, 405 (1982)], we demonstrated that
      chemically synthesized lipid-A analogues such as the 1-monophosphate or 1,4'
      diphosphate of 6-O-(2-deoxy-2-tetradecanoylamino-6-O-tetradecanoyl-D-glucopyra
      nos yl)-2-deoxy-2-tetradecanolyamino-3,4-di-O-tetradecanoyl-D-gluco pyr anose
      enhanced immunogenicity of liposomal model membranes sensitized with amphipathic
      antigen when they were incorporated in the same liposomes. Here we extend the
      observation by testing the recently synthesized analogues including diglucosamine
      analogues carrying hydroxy and acyloxy fatty acids. Among the analogues tested,
      those which showed higher adjuvant and mitogenic activities in the liposomal
      system were N-acylated and O-acylated beta-1,6-linked D-glucosamine disaccharides
      carrying either amide-bound 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acids in addition to phosphate
      in position 1 of the reducing sugar or amide-bound 3
      tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoic acids. The analogue carrying both amide-bound 3
      hydroxytetradecanoic acids and phosphate in position 4 of the non-reducing sugar
      showed weak adjuvant activity and marginal mitogenic activity.

PMID- 6370694
TI  - Ribonucleoprotein particles from Xenopus eggs and embryos. Neural-archencephalic
      inducing activity of the protein moiety.
AB  - Ribonucleoprotein particles were isolated from unfertilized eggs and gastrula
      stages of Xenopus laevis. The particles from both stages induce in gastrula
      ectoderm the formation of large foreheads (neural-archencephalic-inducing
      activity), whereas ribosomal subunits have no inducing activity. The inducing
      activity of particles from both stages is largely abolished after treatment with
      proteolytic enzymes and to some extent with ribonuclease. The protein moiety of
      gastrula ribonucleoprotein particles was extracted with phenol and the protein
      reduced with 2-mercaptoethanol. The protein induces foreheads, but at a lower
      rate than the intact particles. The protein was fractionated by high-performance
      liquid size-exclusion chromatography on a derivatized silica gel with 75% formic
      acid as eluent. The fraction which includes proteins from 10 000 to 16 000 Da has
      the highest neural-archencephalic-inducing activity.

PMID- 6370695
TI  - Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). A
      ribonucleotide reductase system of sufficient activity for DNA synthesis.
AB  - Ribonucleotide reductase, the central enzyme of DNA precursor biosynthesis, has
      been isolated and characterized from baker's yeast. The enzyme activity, measured
      in extracts from three different, exponentially growing yeast strains, is high
      enough to meet the substrate requirement of DNA replication, in contrast to very
      low activities found in most other organisms. In thymidylate-permeable yeast
      cells ribonucleotide reductase activity is stimulated under both starvation and
      excess of intracellular dTMP. On the other hand growth of yeast in presence of 20
      mM hydroxyurea did not increase enzyme activity. Yeast ribonucleotide reductase
      is composed of two non-identical subunits, inactive separately, of which one
      binds to immobilized dATP. The relative molecular mass of the holoenzyme is about
      250 000. The enzyme reduces all four natural ribonucleoside diphosphates with
      comparable efficacy. GDP reduction requires dTTP as effector, ADP reduction is
      stimulated by dGTP, whereas pyrimidine nucleotide reduction is stimulated by any
      deoxyribonucleotide and ATP. Enzyme activity is independent of exogenous metal
      ions and is insensitive towards chelating agents. Hydroxyurea inactivates yeast
      ribonucleotide reductase in a slow reaction; half-inhibition (I50) is reached
      only at 2-6 mM hydroxyurea concentration. Up to 50% reactivation occurs
      spontaneously after removal of the inhibitor. In accord with previous attempts by
      others, extensive purification of the yeast enzyme has failed owing to its
      extreme instability in solution; the half-life of about 11 h could not be
      influenced by any protective measure. Taken together, yeast ribonucleotide
      reductase combines features known from Escherichia coli and mammalian enzymes
      with differing, individual properties.

PMID- 6370696
TI  - Studies on the structure and expression of Escherichia coli pyrC, pyrD, and pyrF
      using the cloned genes.
AB  - The Escherichia coli pyrC, pyrD and pyrF genes were cloned on multicopy plasmids
      derived from pBR322 and analysed by means of restriction endonucleases. It was
      found that the pyrC gene is destroyed by cutting with the restriction
      endonuclease BamHI, that the entire pyrD gene can be isolated on a 1300-base
      pairs DNA fragment generated by EcoRI cleavage and that cutting with EcoRI
      removes the promotor and probably also the translational start site from the pyrF
      gene. More details on the restriction maps are presented. Further, it was found
      that the presence of a pyr gene in multiple copies on a plasmid does not
      significantly interfere with the activity of the chromosomal pyr genes. Using the
      'minicell' technique, the polypeptides encoded by the three cloned pyr genes were
      identified. The relative molecular masses for the pyrC-encoded and pyrD-encoded
      polypeptides are 38 000-40 000 and 36 000-38 000, respectively. Thus in their
      native form, dihydroorotase and dihydroorotate oxidase appear to be dimeric
      proteins. The 'minicell' experiments positively identified a protein chain of Mr
      23 000-24 000 as being a subunit of OMP decarboxylase encoded by pyrF. Moreover,
      the coding frame for this polypeptide seems to be expressed as the first gene in
      the operon with the coding frame for another protein chain of Mr 13 000-14 000.
      Since, however, the native OMP decarboxylase during sedimentation and gel
      filtration behaves as a protein of Mr 45 000 +/- 4000, this latter polypeptide
      (Mr 13 000-14 000) is hardly a component of the enzyme. Pyr-lac+ operon fusions
      were constructed by the Mu d1 procedure. By integrating an F'lac episome into the
      lac part of the fusions and determining the direction of chromosomal transfer
      from the resultant Hfr strains, the direction of pyrC transcription was found to
      be counter-clockwise, while pyrD and pyrF were found to be transcribed in a
      clockwise direction.

PMID- 6370697
TI  - Comparison of M-line and other myofibril components during reversible phorbol
      ester treatment.
AB  - The events occurring during phorbol ester mediated destruction of myofibrils in
      differentiated muscle cells were followed at the fluorescence and electron
      microscope levels using antibodies which bind troponin-T, a newly discovered 185
      000 dalton M-line protein called myomesin and muscle type creatine kinase. The
      following series of events is proposed. Within one day of phorbol ester
      treatment, Z-bands and thin filaments, including troponin-T, are absent from many
      myofibrils resulting in the rapid loss of longitudinal and lateral alignment. A
      bands become randomly oriented and clustered into ever smaller compartments
      within the rounding, myosac-like, multinucleated cells until after 3 days of
      treatment they too disappear. The M-line proteins are always present in existing
      A-bands. These results suggest that the Z-band and associated structures are
      responsible for the maintenance of alignment and the lateral register of
      myofibrils, whereas the M-line is responsible for the structural integrity of the
      A-band. When phorbol ester is removed, the cells revert to a myotube morphology
      and within 2 to 3 days are filled with myofibrils. A comparison of the appearance
      of troponin-T and the 185 000 dalton myomesin in the recovery period to their
      appearance during normal myofibrillogenesis reveals that these proteins are more
      temporally co-ordinated during myofibrillogenesis than in the phorbol ester
      experimental system.

PMID- 6370698
TI  - Abdominal dynamic study in oligohydramnios with Potter's syndrome.
AB  - Oligohydramnios can be associated with fetal renal abnormalities. A pregnancy
      marked by oligohydramnios produced a male child with the facial features of
      Potter's syndrome. Kidneys could not be demonstrated by ultrasound or by a 99mTc 
      DTPA dynamic study. A potential role for renal scintigraphic techniques, in an
      effort to define kidneys in such cases, was discussed.

PMID- 6370699
TI  - Cerebrovascular Moyamoya disease.
AB  - Clinical features of ten Japanese children with cerebrovascular Moyamoya disease
      are reported and non-Japanese paediatric cases of the disease are reviewed from
      the world literature. The most common initial manifestations were headache in
      four cases (40%), motor deficit and convulsion in three cases (30%). As their
      recurrent and/or residual symptoms, eight children (80%) developed motor deficit
      consisting of hemiplegia in five cases and paresis or weakness of the extremities
      in three cases, and four (40%) had headaches. The mode of presentation in our
      cases was similar to that of non-Japanese cases, in addition to a female
      preponderance. Electroencephalographic findings of prominent high voltage delta
      bursts following hyperventilation and slowness of returning to the normal
      pattern, seen in all hyperventilated cases, is one of the features. Of 15 carotid
      arteries visualised in ten patients, sites of occlusion or stenosis were seen
      between the bifurcation of the posterior communicating artery and that of the
      anterior cerebral artery or the middle cerebral artery in 13 arteries, with a
      vascular network in the basal ganglia. This study suggests that if
      hyperventilation procedures produce prominent high voltage delta bursts during
      electroencephalography in children with headache and/or motor deficit,
      cerebrovascular disease, especially Moyamoya disease, should be suspected.

PMID- 6370700
TI  - Chorea and polycythaemia.
AB  - An analysis is presented of 35 cases of chorea as a symptom of polycythaemia.
      This analysis reveals: (a) whereas polycythaemia occurs predominantly in males
      (3:2), polycythaemic chorea (PC) occurs predominantly in females (5:2), at a real
      ratio of female:male = 4:1, the prevalence being 1-2.5% of polycythaemic
      patients; (b) PC manifests predominantly after the age of 50 (8 cases before, 27
      after 50 years), making polycythaemia the first disorder to be considered in
      cases of so-called 'senile' chorea; (c) PC is generalised, with predominant
      involvement of faciolingual and brachial muscles, and associated with muscular
      hypotonia; (d) PC may last from periods of weeks to years, usually responds to
      haloperidol, venesection or 32P-treatment, but may persist, or recur with
      treatment, or remit spontaneously, and (e) no relationship exists between the
      choreatic syndrome and (the rare finding of) a small infarct in the caudate
      nucleus. The cause of the choreatic syndrome in polycythaemia is presumably to be
      explained as a neostriatal hyperviscosity syndrome producing venous stasis,
      reduced brain blood flow and impaired tissular O2/glucose metabolism. The state
      of dopaminergic hyperactivity is presumably enhanced by relatively increased
      neostriatal catecholestrogens. The hypothesis of polycythaemic excess of dopamine
      laden platelets releasing excess of dopamine in the neostriatum needs to be
      confirmed by laboratory evidence of platelet counts.

PMID- 6370701
TI  - Pro-drugs of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents.

PMID- 6370702
TI  - A short-term, double-blind comparison between indoprofen and diclofenac in
      osteoarthritis.
AB  - A double-blind crossover trial was carried out in 60 patients with osteoarthritis
      of large joints. Patients received both indoprofen 600 mg daily and diclofenac
      100 mg daily for one week without any interval between treatments. The variables
      investigated were: pain at rest, pain on active motion under load, quality of
      sleep, articular flexion and patient's preference. The assessments were made
      before and at the end of each treatment period. Significant improvements were
      found for all variables with both drugs. No significant differences were detected
      between the two drugs. Ten patients (6 on indoprofen and 4 on diclofenac)
      reported adverse reactions i.e. slight gastralgia in most cases. No withdrawals
      of treatment were observed.

PMID- 6370704
TI  - Temperature-dependent alteration of insulin by plasma or serum from rats with N
      methylacetamide-induced diabetes.
AB  - Insulin is degraded in plasma or serum from NMMAA-diabetic rats, at 37 degrees C
      in vitro, as shown by losses of both immunoreactivity and biological activity on
      fat pad tissue. The rate of insulin degradation was not notably influenced by
      plasma pH, in the range 7.2-8.3. Presumably due to destruction of insulin in the
      course of the 120 min bioassay incubation at 37 degrees C and pH 7.4, the potency
      of crystalline insulin on fat pad tissue was apparently lower in the presence of
      serum from NMMAA-poisoned rats than with control serum. Although plasma from
      control rats also lost some insulin within 120 min at 37 degrees C, the loss was
      much less pronounced. At 0 degree C, no loss of insulin occurred in serum samples
      from the poisoned animals. Therefore, the radioimmunoassay, which is performed at
      0 degree C, yields valid measurements of insulin concentrations in these samples.
      Our observations provide an explanation for the erroneously low values of insulin
      detected by bioassay in serum from NMMAA-diabetic rats.

PMID- 6370703
TI  - Increase in plasma free fatty acids and natriuresis by xanthines may reflect
      adenosine antagonism.
AB  - The hypothesis has been examined that adenosine is involved in the diuretic and
      free fatty acid (FFA) - releasing action of xanthines. The effects of
      theophylline (T), a potent adenosine antagonist, were compared with those of
      enprofylline (3-propyl xanthine, E), which exerts negligible antagonism of
      adenosine. Eight healthy male volunteers were given E 1.5 mg/kg, T 5.0 mg/kg or
      placebo 0.9% saline (P) intravenously in a double-blind, randomized, cross-over
      investigation. Blood samples were analyzed for E, T, catecholamines (CA:
      adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine), FFA, renin, glucose, glucagon and
      insulin, and urine was collected at 2-h intervals. T (plasma concentration 53 +/-
      8 mumol/l) but not E (11 +/- 2 mumol/l) caused an increase in FFA from 0.42 to
      0.86 mmol/l after 90 min. Without affecting the urinary excretion of potassium, T
      doubled natriuresis and the urine volume as compared to E and P. Neither T nor E
      had any effect on plasma CA, or on any other of the metabolic parameters studied.
      E, but not T, produced a small but statistically significant decrease in
      diastolic blood pressure (5 mmHg) and an increase in heart rate (3 beats/min). It
      is suggested that the difference between E and T in terms of stimulation of FFA
      release and natriuresis may be related to their different ability to antagonize
      adenosine.

PMID- 6370705
TI  - Somatic cell hybrid mapping panels.
AB  - The recent advances in human gene mapping have been largely due to the
      development of interspecies cell hybrids containing human chromosomes and their
      fragments. The importance of characterized panels of these hybrid lines has grown
      exponentially with the application of recombinant DNA technologies to human
      genetics. In this article, we discuss current strategies employed in the
      construction of somatic cell hybrid mapping panels.

PMID- 6370706
TI  - Increased proteolysis in chromatin of terminally differentiated and quiescent
      cells.
AB  - Endogenous proteolysis in chromatin of terminally differentiated, quiescent, and
      actively proliferating cells was studied by measuring the released acid-soluble
      radioactivity of [3H]tryptophan-prelabelled nuclear proteins, and by following
      the specific quantitative and qualitative changes in electrophoregrams of
      chromosomal proteins. The experiments suggest that the chromatin of
      differentiated mouse kidney and liver cells, as well as chromatin from Friend
      cells induced to commit terminal differentiation, exhibit increased proteolysis
      in comparison with that of chromatin isolated from actively proliferating cells.
      Enhanced proteolysis was found also for the slowly renewing and quiescent cells
      from adult mice. The control experiments designated to discriminate between the
      two possible alternatives explaining the difference--increased activity of the
      proteolytic enzymes associated with chromatin, or increased susceptibility of the
      chromosomal proteins to proteases--supported the latter alternative.

PMID- 6370707
TI  - Rabbit antiserum against a purified surface glycoprotein decompacts mouse
      preimplantation embryos and reacts with specific adult tissues.
AB  - A rabbit antiserum against a purified embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell surface
      glycoprotein interferes with cell-cell interaction in mouse preimplantation
      embryos. The 123 kD glycoprotein seems not to be an integral membrane component.
      The reactivity pattern of the antiserum was studied by immunofluorescence on
      cryostat sections of post-implantation embryos and of adult tissues. During
      embryonic development positive reactions were found on all epithelial cells,
      irrespective of their germ layer origin. Epithelial cells of adult tissues-
      tongue, uterus, gut, kidney, trachea and liver--react with the antibodies. The
      results are compared with cell-adhesive molecules previously described on EC
      cells and preimplantation embryos.

PMID- 6370708
TI  - Comparison of the ocular hypotensive efficacy of eicosanoids and related
      compounds.
AB  - It has recently been shown that prostaglandin (PG)E2 or F2 alpha reduces the
      intraocular pressure (IOP) of cats and primates when applied topically to the eye
      in very small doses, and that reduced IOP can be maintained in these species as
      long as the topical application of one of these PGs is repeated daily or twice
      daily. In the present study the ocular hypotensive efficacy and some of the
      ocular side-effects of 15 eicosanoids and related compounds, especially
      derivatives of PGF2 alpha, were compared and were also compared to some
      clinically used ocular hypotensive agents. Derivatives of PGF2 alpha were found
      that had short-term and long-term ocular hypotensive potencies some 10- to 50
      fold greater than PGF2 alpha itself.

PMID- 6370709
TI  - Studies on lens vimentin.
AB  - Antibody prepared against chick lens vimentin cross-reacts with chick fibroblast
      vimentin and with vimentin of mammalian, reptilian, amphibian and fish lenses.
      This protein is localized in the epithelial and cortical fiber cells and is
      progressively lost from the deeper cortical cells. It is absent from the nuclear
      cells. Lens vimentin is readily oxidized to form high molecular components.

PMID- 6370710
TI  - Colony assay using collagen gel: a better technique for studying the cell
      morphology of colonies.
AB  - Collagen gel was used as a substance for the assay of human granulocyte
      macrophage colony-forming units (CFUc). The number of colonies formed in collagen
      gel was consistently higher than that in a conventional soft-agar system. In six
      out of eight experiments, the difference was statistically significant. Whole
      permanent preparations of the plates were made easily and were stained by Giemsa
      solution with minimum background staining. Preservation of cellular morphology in
      the preparations was excellent, and neutrophil, macrophage, and eosinophil
      colonies could be differentiated by their nuclear shape, cytoplasmic color, and
      specific granules.

PMID- 6370711
TI  - Transplantation of chromosomally marked syngeneic marrow cells into mice not
      subjected to hematopoietic stem cell depletion.
AB  - The percentage of donor-host chimerism was determined 4-6 weeks or six months
      after injection of normal bone marrow cells into normal syngeneic or coisogeneic
      recipient mice. Donor-recipient pairs had chromosome markers that provided easy
      identification of metaphase cells. The percentage of donor cells in marrow or
      spleen ranged from 0 to 16% and this percentage was independent of the age of
      recipient or attempts to stimulate hematopoiesis in donor and/or host mice. In
      adult C57BL/6 mice there was a roughly linear dose-response relationship between
      cell dose and percentage of chimerism. There was no apparent dose-response
      relationship for AKR mice. The percentage of donor cells in the spleen was
      correlated to that seen in the marrow of recipients. Neonatal mice given the same
      intraperitoneal marrow cell dose as weanlings, but a larger number of cells
      relative to their own marrow mass, did not show a larger percentage of chimerism
      than weanlings. Similarly, weanlings given the same intravenous dose as adults
      showed no greater degree of chimerism than adults. Temporary anemia, induced by
      bleeding donors prior to cell collection, or more chronic hemopoietic stimulus
      (produced by injecting recipients with phenylhydrazine prior to cell injection
      with subsequent bleeding at intervals) did not result in an increased percentage
      of chimerism. These results indicate that there are "empty" sites in bone marrow
      of normal mice in which injected hematopoietic stem cells can lodge and grow.

PMID- 6370712
TI  - Development of immunologically identified brain cells in culture: quantitative
      aspects.
AB  - Mechanically dissociated brain cells of 14 and 18-day-old mouse embryos and of
      mouse neonates were cultured for 3 weeks. Neurons, oligodendrocytes and
      astrocytes were identified at the 7th, 14th and 21st day in vitro by staining the
      cultures using the indirect immunoperoxidase technique with antisera directed
      against neuron specific enolase, galactocerebroside, myelin basic protein and
      glial fibrillary acidic protein. The number of neurons and oligodendrocytes was
      higher in embryonic cultures than in neonate cultures. The expression of some
      antigens was also different in the two types of culture. Our results indicate
      that the development of brain cells in mechanically dissociated brain cell
      cultures depends on the age of the animal at the time of plating.

PMID- 6370713
TI  - Differences between adult and neonatal rats in their astroglial response to
      spinal injury.
AB  - Transection of the thoracic spinal cord in adult rats produces an astroglial
      reaction at the lesion site which spreads gradually to lumbar segments. We
      compared the spread of gliosis in cordotomized adult and neonatal rats in order
      to evaluate whether or not maturity of long spinal tracts is a precondition for
      the genesis of this histopathological reaction. By this experiment, we sought to
      determine whether spread of gliosis is induced by degeneration of nerve fibers in
      ascending and descending pathways or results from some more general reaction to
      injury. The spinal cords of 40 neonatal and 30 young adult rats were transected
      at T5, and 4 to 60 days later the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar segments were
      examined immunocytochemically for glial fibrillary acidic protein. In the
      neonatal rats, there was a moderate gliosis at the lesion site by 7 days; this
      reaction intensified somewhat during the next 60 days but always remained
      confined to the site of injury. In contrast, the lesion site of adult rats showed
      a much more intense gliosis; in those animals the response was maximal by 14 days
      and was characterized by a gradient of decreasing glial reactivity both rostrally
      and caudally from the transection site. These results support the hypothesis that
      the spread of gliosis from spinal lesions results from degeneration of the long
      ascending and descending fiber tracts.

PMID- 6370715
TI  - Effect of the rat liver S9 fraction on the mutagenicity of azathioprine in the
      Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay.
AB  - Azathioprine is a direct acting mutagen in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and
      TA1535. Addition of rat liver S9 fraction with or without co-factors, or
      glutathione, causes a decrease in the mutagenicity of azathioprine in TA100 and
      an increase in TA1535, indicating the effect of SH groups.

PMID- 6370716
TI  - Donor origin of the in vitro hematopoietic microenvironment after marrow
      transplantation in mice.
AB  - Bone marrow stroma from radiochimeric mice was established in culture. The
      polymorphic enzyme glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) was used to determine the
      proportions of donor and recipient present in the original bone marrow and in
      cultured stroma. Bone marrow initially containing 95% donor GPI, when cultured
      and subsequently passaged for up to 8 weeks remained about 70% donor GPI. We
      conclude that many cultured stromal cells are donor derived in our radiochimeras
      and these are probably of hematopoietic origin.

PMID- 6370717
TI  - Transport of nutrients in yeast protoplasts.
AB  - Protoplasts were prepared with snail-gut juice from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and
      Candida utilis. Transport of D-xylose (A), trehalose (B), 2-deoxy-D-glucose (C),
      L-leucine (D), L-proline (E), inorganic phosphate (F) and H+ ions (G) was studied
      with special emphasis on the first species. Transport of A which is not sensitive
      to glucose stimulation in its synthesis was not affected by protoplast formation.
      Similarly unaffected were transports of B, D, E and F in their "residual" form in
      starved cells. However, transport of these substances after glucose-stimulated
      synthesis was practically fully suppressed by protoplast formation. This may be
      connected with the virtually complete inhibition of the proton pump (G) in
      protoplasts with the implication that B, D, E and F are transported in
      conjunction with protons but only those that are immediately produced by the
      proton pump (glucose consumption, oxygen utilization and membrane potential were
      not substantially altered in protoplasts). Transport of C was stimulated nearly
      two-fold in protoplasts. Uranyl ions (0.1 mM) had a pronouncedly lower inhibitory
      effect on all the transports studied in protoplasts.

PMID- 6370718
TI  - The remarried family: an annotated bibliography, 1979-1982.
AB  - This bibliography was developed to provide professionals and interested others
      with a reference source for information on stepfamilies. The focus is on the
      remarried family and the characteristics common to its formation and integration.
      The bibliography is divided into six sections to facilitate easy reference. The
      sections are not mutually exclusive, however, and articles could be placed under
      more than one heading. The six sections are I. Demography/Legal Issues; II.
      Remarriage as a Transition; III. Remarriage Formation: Restructuring
      Relationships; IV. Children in Remarried Families; V. Treatment Issues; and VI.
      How-To Books. To complete this project, the published research literature from
      1979 through 1982 was searched under the subject headings of blended families,
      second marriages, remarried families, stepfamilies and reconstituted families.
      Regret is expressed for any overlooked material.

PMID- 6370714
TI  - The organization and regulation of sleep. A review of the experimental evidence
      and a novel integrated model of the organizing and regulating apparatus.

PMID- 6370719
TI  - [Dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitors--a new class of antihypertensive agents].

PMID- 6370720
TI  - [Interaction of atropine, toxogonin and fosfakol].
AB  - Protective action of atropine and toxogonin against phosphacol poisoning has been
      studied in experiments on white mice. The protective effect has been shown to
      depend on the magnitude of the doses combined. The most powerful is the
      combination that provides for the effect potentiation (30-200 mg/kg atropine, 5
      70 mg/kg toxogonin). When toxogonin was applied in a dose of 100 mg/kg and
      higher, atropine addition lowered the ability to prevent phosphacol poisoning,
      with this effect being more powerful the higher the dose. Between the zones of
      potentiation and antagonism there is a zone within which the prophylactic actions
      of both drug doses are summed up.

PMID- 6370721
TI  - [Furazan sulfanilamides].
AB  - Synthesis and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli of a series of
      furazan sulfanilamides are reported. A structural activity relationship for these
      derivatives is also briefly discussed.

PMID- 6370722
TI  - Does casomorphin have a functional role?
AB  - Degradation of buffalo beta-casein by various physiological enzymes was studied.
      Digestion with gastric and pancreatic proteases plus leucine aminopeptidase did
      not release casomorphins but a putative precursor (procasomorphin) which was
      further digested by brush border peptidases into peptides differing from
      casomorphins.

PMID- 6370723
TI  - Some mitogens cause rapid increases in free calcium in fibroblasts.
AB  - Quiescent 3T3 fibroblasts grown on microcarrier beads and loaded with the [Ca2+]
      indicator quin2 had a cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ( [Ca2+]i) of 154 +/- 11
      nM (SE; n = 32). Stimulation with the mitogens vasopressin, epidermal growth
      factor (EGF) or prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) caused a very rapid increase
      in [Ca2+]i to a maximum of 200-500 nM after 60-90 s. [Ca2+]i declined thereafter
      to a level above that in quiescent cells which was maintained for at least 15
      min. In contrast no immediate effects on [Ca2+]i were detected after the addition
      of the mitogens insulin or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). These
      studies indicate that early changes in [Ca2+]i may be involved in the action on
      fibroblasts of some, but not all, mitogens.

PMID- 6370724
TI  - The glycoprotein 71 of ecotropic Friend murine leukemia virus. Structure of the
      oligosaccharides linked to asparagine-12.
AB  - The glycoprotein from Friend murine leukemia virus was digested with protease
      from Staphylococcus aureus V8. A glycopeptide comprising the N-terminal
      glycosylation site (Asn-12) was isolated from the mixture of fragments and
      analyzed by amino acid sequencing and methylation-capillary gas chromatography
      mass spectrometry before and after treatment with sialidase from Vibrio cholerae.
      Asn-12 was thus found to be substituted by a family of partially sialylated,
      fucosylated, and intersected glycoprotein N-glycans of the hybrid type.

PMID- 6370725
TI  - Analysis of epithelial cell surface polarity with monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - The hybridoma technique of Kohler and Milstein was utilized to isolate hybrid
      cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies against cell surface proteins on the
      Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cell line. These antibodies were
      employed as high-affinity ligands to study the development and maintenance of
      epithelial cell polarity in MDCK cells and for the identification of nephron
      segment-specific proteins. Using standard procedures, we were able to
      immunoprecipitate glycoproteins with molecular weights of 25,000 ( 25K ), 35,000
      ( 35K ), and 50,000 (50K). Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy of
      MDCK demonstrated that the 35K and 50K proteins could be localized on both the
      apical and basolateral membranes of subconfluent cells but primarily on the
      basolateral membranes of confluent cells. By determining the cell surface
      distribution of the 35K and 50K proteins on MDCK cells during growth into a
      confluent monolayer, and after the experimental disruption of tight junctions,
      evidence was obtained that the polarized distribution of these cell surface
      glycoproteins required the presence of tight junctions. We propose that confluent
      MDCK cells have a mechanism that is responsible for the establishment and
      maintenance of epithelial apical and basolateral membranes as distinct cell
      surface domains. These monoclonal antibodies were also used to localize the 25K
      and 35K glycoproteins in the kidney. The distribution of these proteins was
      mapped by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy and was determined to
      be on the basolateral membranes of epithelial cells in only certain tubular
      segments of the nephron. The possible functional implications of these
      distributions are discussed.

PMID- 6370726
TI  - One transporter per vesicle: determination of the basis of the insulin effect on
      glucose transport.
AB  - The basis for insulin stimulation of glucose transport in rat adipocytes has been
      investigated by determining the relative number of functional glucose
      transporters in the plasma and microsomal membranes from basal and insulin
      treated cells. Each fraction was solubilized with cholate and then reconstituted
      into vesicles of about 500 A in diameter through removal of the cholate by
      dialysis. This procedure distributed the glucose transporters into the vesicles
      at a density of either one or none per vesicle. Consequently the fraction of the
      intravesicular volume that rapidly equilibrated with D-glucose provided an
      estimate of the relative number of functional transporters. By means of this one
      transporter-per-vesicle method, it was found that insulin increased the number of
      transporters in the plasma membrane by a factor of 2.4 and decreased the number
      in the microsomes to 68% of the original value. These results provide independent
      evidence for the hypothesis that insulin causes the translocation of functional
      transporters from an intracellular location to the plasma membrane.

PMID- 6370727
TI  - Insulin-induced translocation of intracellular glucose transporters in the
      isolated rat adipose cell.
AB  - Three techniques have now been used to demonstrate that insulin stimulates
      glucose transport in isolated rat adipose cells through the translocation of
      glucose transporters from a large intracellular pool to the plasma membrane. By
      using a specific D-glucose-inhibitable cytochalasin B-binding assay, most of the
      basal cell's transporters are found associated with a low-density microsomal
      membrane fraction. However, although Golgi marker enzyme activities are also
      enriched in this fraction, their distributions over all fractions do not parallel
      that of the transporters. In response to insulin, more than half of the
      intracellular transporters are translocated to the plasma membranes without a
      corresponding redistribution of marker enzyme activities. Furthermore, although
      the Kd of the transporters in the plasma membranes remains constant at
      approximately 100 nM, that of the intracellular transporters decreases from
      approximately 140 to approximately 100 nM. Nevertheless, transport activity is
      reconstitutable from, and an affinity-purified rabbit IgG against the purified
      human erythrocyte transporter cross-reacts with a 45,000-dalton band in, both
      plasma membranes and the low-density microsomal membrane fraction in proportion
      to the number of glucose transporters determined by cytochalasin B binding. Thus,
      intracellular glucose transporters in the rat adipose cell appear to be 1)
      localized to a unique membrane species, 2) either compartmentalized in two
      distinguishable pools or processed during their cycling to the plasma membrane in
      response to insulin, but fully functional and indistinguishable when
      reconstituted into liposomes, and 3) immunologically similar to the human
      erythrocyte glucose transporter.

PMID- 6370728
TI  - Translocation hypothesis of insulin action on glucose transport.
AB  - This article reviews the experimental data that support the translocation
      hypothesis of insulin action on glucose transport in adipocytes. According to
      this hypothesis, 1) most of the glucose transport mechanism in the basal (no
      insulin) form of fat cells is associated with an unidentified subcellular
      structure (the storage site), which is separated into the Golgi-rich fraction by
      centrifugation, and 2) the function of insulin is to induce translocation of the
      glucose transport mechanism from the above storage site to the plasma membrane.
      This translocation of the transport mechanism is reversible, dependent on
      metabolic energy, and independent of protein synthesis.

PMID- 6370729
TI  - ["The Science of Midwifery" and its author (N. Maksimovich-Ambodik)].

PMID- 6370730
TI  - [Hygiene views of Avicenna].

PMID- 6370731
TI  - [Hippocrates and the "Corpus Hippocraticum"].

PMID- 6370732
TI  - [Revolutionary past of the 1st medical school in Siberia (the Tobol'sk Midwives'
      School].

PMID- 6370733
TI  - Clinical and histologic evaluation of laser reanastomosis of the uterine tube.
AB  - Conventional microsurgical reanastomosis was compared with laser microsurgical
      reanastomosis of previously ligated uterine tubes in 14 rabbits. A final
      laparotomy was performed to determine adhesion formation and uterine tube
      patency, and a histologic examination was done of the anastomosis sites using
      four histologic indices for grading. Laser microsurgery produced significantly
      less adhesions (mean +/- standard error of the mean adhesion score, 0.79 +/-
      0.24) than conventional microsurgery (2.29 +/- 0.13, P less than 0.001). However,
      there was no significant difference in all four histologic indices of tissue
      reunion at the anastomosis site between the two types of surgical technique. In a
      separate experiment, CO2 laser was found to be unable to weld uterine tubes
      successfully. Thus, the CO2 laser can significantly reduce postoperative
      adhesions in microsurgical uterine tube reanastomosis but without any significant
      histologic difference in tissue reunion, compared with conventional microsurgery.

PMID- 6370734
TI  - Placental protein 12 (PP12) is induced in the endometrium by progesterone.
AB  - The occurrence of PP12 was studied by the biotin-avidin immunoperoxidase method
      in the endometrium of 106 premenopausal and postmenopausal women at various
      phases of the menstrual cycle or during estrogen and progestogen replacement
      therapy. No PP12 was found in the endometrium under the following conditions: (1)
      during the proliferative phase, (2) in cystic glandular hyperplasia, (3) during
      the first 3 postovulatory days in ovulatory cycles, (4) in atrophic
      postmenopausal endometrium, and (5) in estrogen-stimulated postmenopausal
      endometrium. PP12 was found in the endometrium under the following conditions:
      (1) in the secretory endometrium from the fourth postovulatory day onward, (2) in
      the endometrium during progestogen treatment of previously anovulatory
      premenopausal women, and (3) in the endometrium from postmenopausal women treated
      with estrogen followed by combined estrogen and progestogen replacement therapy.
      These results suggest that PP12 is a P-dependent protein which, in natural
      cycles, appears in the endometrium around the time of implantation and, in
      postmenopausal women, can be induced by progestogens after estrogen priming.

PMID- 6370735
TI  - [Hungarian pioneers of periodontology].

PMID- 6370736
TI  - [The MM 3000 pneumatic air scaler].

PMID- 6370737
TI  - [Interaction of the enkephalin- and dopamine-containing systems of the caudate
      nucleus head in realizing a conditioned food reflex in dogs].
AB  - Bilateral microinjections of 15 and 45 mg of Ley-enkephalin synthetic analogue D
      Ala2-D-Leu enkephalin-Arg6 into the head of caudate nuclei in dogs enhanced
      parameters of Pavlovian alimentary conditioned reflexes and improved the
      differential inhibition. Microinjection of 60 mg dopamine exerted opposite
      effects. The opiate antagonist naloxone (0.8 mg) prevented the effects of both
      enkephalin and dopamine whereas a microinjection of dopamine-receptors blocking
      agent haloperidol (10 mg) prevented only the dopamine effects. The data suggest
      enkephalin-dopamine functional interaction to occur in neostriatal area in
      alimentary conditioning behaviour.

PMID- 6370738
TI  - [Ornid but not atropine abolishes the insulin receptor reaction of fat and liver
      plasma membranes to fasting and hyperinsulinemia].
AB  - In rats, atropine and saline did not affect the response of insulin receptors
      increased by fasting but decreased it under condition of hyperinsulinemia in fat
      and hepatic plasma membranes Ornid abolished the response of the membrane insulin
      receptors both in fasting and hyperinsulinemia. The data obtained confirm the
      participation of the sympathetic system in the insulin receptors regulation.

PMID- 6370739
TI  - Occlusion and fixed prosthodontics. A review of the literature (1977-1982).

PMID- 6370740
TI  - Increased retention and stability in a cleft palate patient using an overdenture.

PMID- 6370741
TI  - Evidence for interaction of 5.8S rRNA with the 5'- and 3'- terminal segments of
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae 25S rRNA.
AB  - The possible sites of 5.8S:25S rRNA interaction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are
      investigated by blot-hybridization of in vivo 32P-labelled 5.8S rRNA with
      restriction fragments from the 25S rRNA gene. Strong hybridization signals are
      obtained with fragments from the 5'-end (nucleotides 1 to 494) and the 3'-end
      (3066 to 3391) of the gene. The fragments from the remaining part of the gene are
      negative. A computer analysis of the known Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5.8S (Rubin
      1973) and 25S (Georgiev et al. 1981) rRNA sequences show a markedly higher
      complementarity between 5.8S rRNA and the 5'- and 3'-terminal segments of 25S
      rRNA corresponding to the hybridization positive rDNA fragments. In accordance
      with the experimental and sequence analysis data, two alternative end-to-end base
      pairing models of possible 5.8S:25S rRNA binding are proposed. Both models imply
      that 5.8S rRNA connects the 5'- and 3'-terminal segments of 25S rRNA, but differ
      in the extent of preservation of the secondary structure typical of free 5.8S
      rRNA. It is suggested that the requirement for 5'- and 3'-end binding of 23S rRNA
      in Escherichia coli is conserved in evolution and that in eukaryotes 5.8S rRNA
      plays the role of joining together the two ends of L-rRNA molecules.

PMID- 6370742
TI  - Animal model of the insulin-dependent Diabetes mellitus in BB rats: their RT1u
      homogeneity and prolonged survival of allogeneic skin grafts.
AB  - Two substrains of BB rats spontaneously developing the insulin-dependent diabetes
      like syndrome were studied. Both the partially inbred BB/K and randombred BB/DK
      substrains proved RT1u homozygous. Their ancestral WOK stock was shown to be
      heterogeneous for the RT1u (f = 0.84) and RT1a (f = 0.16) haplotypes. Regarding
      the H-loci of the RT1 complex, the RT1 haplotype of BB rats seems not to be a
      recombinant between RT1u and RT1a from the ancestral WOK stock. The generally
      lowered immune responsiveness of BB recipients to allogeneic skin grafts might be
      caused by a mutation event at their RT1u haplotype or by some other "major
      gene(s)" from their genetic background.

PMID- 6370743
TI  - [Insulin-like activity in tumor tissues].

PMID- 6370744
TI  - [Radioimmunoassay of IGF-I and II].

PMID- 6370745
TI  - An evaluation of estimates of underenumeration in the census and the age pattern
      of mortality, Philadelphia, 1880.
AB  - The schedule of mortality by age for Philadelphia's 1880 population classified by
      sex and race showed aberrations from Coale and Demeny West, South, and North
      model life tables. Deviations from standard age patterns of mortality were
      especially pronounced for the black population. The question addressed in this
      paper is whether the alternative age patterns of mortality are produced by
      underenumeration in the 1880 census or by actual variations in the age-specific
      mortality experience. The conclusion was reached that the underenumeration of the
      urban population, especially the blacks, exceeds estimates for the national
      population. In addition, the results indicated that the black population faced
      risks of dying that genuinely differed from standard age patterns. An attempt to
      use a Brass logit model to generalize the black mortality experience met with
      success for females but not for males.

PMID- 6370746
TI  - Anti-dsDNA antibody profile in systemic lupus erythematosus using ultramicro
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay adapted to the chamber analytical technique.

PMID- 6370747
TI  - Basic porcelain jacket crown ceramics--part 1.

PMID- 6370748
TI  - A randomized trial on the D-homosteroid domoprednate (Ro 12-7024) in the
      treatment of dermatoses.
AB  - 39 patients with bilateral dermatoses, mainly psoriasis vulgaris and atopic
      dermatitis, were treated with 0.1% Ro 12-7024 ointment and 0.1% betamethasone
      valerate ointment according to a double-blind, right-left, randomized design.
      Treatment lasted up to 4 weeks. 5 patients did not complete the trial. Assessment
      of efficacy, expressed as degree of healing in percent of treated skin area and
      according to an overall assessment of efficacy made by both physician and patient
      only revealed marginal, mostly statistically insignificant differences, with a
      trend in favor of betamethasone. Patients' preferences for one of the two
      treatments favored betamethasone valerate in 17 cases and Ro 12-7024 in 5 cases;
      13 cases were ties (p less than 0.001). With the exception of one case of
      bilateral erythema and itching no side effects were reported. The efficacy of the
      D-homosteroid Ro 12-7024 is evidently of the same order as that of the group III
      steroid betamethasone valerate, and the tolerance of the two ointments is good
      and equal.

PMID- 6370749
TI  - Synergistic bacterial gangrene caused by a group A beta-haemolytic streptococcus
      and a Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - A patient who developed a synergistic bacterial gangrene caused by a group A beta
      haemolytic streptococcus and a Staphylococcus aureus is described.

PMID- 6370750
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and pregnancy.

PMID- 6370751
TI  - Some structural and regulatory aspects of citrate synthase.

PMID- 6370752
TI  - Sucrose diet induced enzymatic and hormonal responses affecting carbohydrate,
      lipid and energy metabolism in two species differing in insulin availability:
      spiny and ob/ob mice.
AB  - The low-insulin responding spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus), maintained on a 50%
      sucrose diet vs isocaloric regular diet, responded with an impressive increase in
      the activity of hepatic enzymes of glycolysis and lipogenesis and in
      hyperlipidemia. There was no hyperinsulinemia or hyperglycemia and spiny mice did
      not gain weight on sucrose due to loss of adipose tissue. Serum T3 levels rose
      1.8 fold and the activity of the hepatic mitochondrial FAD-glycerol-3-phosphate
      oxidase became induced 2.6 fold representing the enhancement of multiple, T3
      dependent, energy-consuming metabolic cycles. An increased TG lipolysis in
      adipose tissue was also observed. C57BL/6J ob/ob mice were markedly
      hyperinsulinemic and gained weight on sucrose almost as much as those on regular
      diet, without changes in serum glucose or insulin. Serum triglyceride level
      decreased, whereas liver triglycerides accumulated markedly. The extent of the
      increase in hepatic enzyme activities related to lipogenesis was much lower both
      in the ob/ob mice and their lean siblings, than in spiny mice, but the basal
      enzyme activities in ob/ob mice were remarkably elevated. Serum T3 level was also
      elevated already on the regular diet and rose only slightly on sucrose. Basal
      glycerol phosphate oxidase activity in ob/ob mice exceeded that in spiny mice and
      rose only marginally on sucrose. Adipose tissue lipolysis was not increased.
      Thus, sucrose diet by enhancing the T3 production appeared to activate protective
      mechanism against weight gain in normoinsulinemic spiny mice, whereas the full
      expression of these mechanisms appeared to be precluded by the hyperinsulinemia
      of ob/ob mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6370753
TI  - Further purification and characterization of diacetyl reducing enzymes from beef
      liver.
AB  - Two diacetyl reducing enzymes have been isolated from beef liver. One of them, a
      monomer of mol. wt 28-30,000 dalton and pI 6.2, corresponds to the low molecular
      weight diacetyl reductase formerly accounted for using preparations of this
      organ; it has been now identified as an L-glycol dehydrogenase. The other one, an
      oligomer of 78,000 dalton and pI 7.0, which matches the high molecular weight
      diacetyl reductase, is, in the authors' opinion, a new enzyme for which the
      systematic name L(+)-alpha-hydroxycarbonyl: NAD(P) oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1...)
      and common name alpha-dicarbonyl reductase are proposed.

PMID- 6370754
TI  - Separation and characterization of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside 2'-hydroxylase
      and thymine 7-hydroxylase from Aspergillus nidulans.
AB  - Partially purified preparations from Aspergillus nidulans were shown to catalyze
      two alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase reactions: the pyrimidine
      deoxyribonucleoside 2'-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.3) and the thymine 7-hydroxylase
      (EC 1.14.11.6) reactions. These reactions showed an absolute requirement for
      alpha-ketoglutarate and molecular oxygen and were stimulated by Fe(II), ascorbate
      and catalase. Both reactions demonstrated a stoichiometry such that for each mole
      of substrate (deoxyribonucleoside or pyrimidine) hydroxylated one mole of CO2 was
      produced from alpha-ketoglutarate. These two activities were separated using DEAE
      Sephacel chromatography.

PMID- 6370755
TI  - An estrogen-stimulated, calcium-dependent tosylarginine methyl ester (TAME)
      hydrolase in immature rat uterus.

PMID- 6370756
TI  - Stage-specific expression of three cell surface carbohydrate antigens during
      murine spermatogenesis detected with monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - We have identified three germ cell surface carbohydrate antigens that exhibit a
      common, stage-specific pattern of expression during spermatogenesis in the mouse.
      IgM-class monoclonal antibodies designated "J1," "C6," and "A5" were absorbed by
      adult testis, but not by any adult somatic tissue tested. In indirect
      immunofluorescence assays using collagenase-dissociated prepuberal and adult
      testicular cells, these antibodies labeled the surfaces of early and late
      pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids. Gonocytes from fetal and neonatal
      testes were not labeled. In paraffin sections of prepuberal and adult testes,
      sialidase treatment exposed antigens recognized by antibodies C6 and A5 on
      preleptotene, leptotene, and zygotene spermatocytes located near the perimeter of
      seminiferous tubules. The determinants recognized by antibodies J1, C6, and A5
      were characterized partially using a sugar hapten inhibition assay. The binding
      of J1 to adult testicular cells was inhibited specifically by N-acetylglucosamine
      and the binding of both C6 and A5 was inhibited by N-acetyllactosamine. The
      glycoconjugates recognized by J1, C6, and A5 eluted from gel filtration columns
      with an apparent molecular weight greater than 1 X 10(6) and were sensitive to
      endo-beta-galactosidase (keratanase) treatment. The apparent high molecular
      weight of these glycoconjugates was confirmed by immunolabeling Western blots of
      testis extracts separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results
      suggest that polylactosamine (keratan) glycoconjugates of high molecular weight
      are associated with the plasma membranes of meiotic and haploid male germ cells.
      The effects of sialidase on antibody labeling patterns suggest that changes in
      cell surface sialylation accompany the transition of early meiotic germ cells to
      pachytene spermatocytes during spermatogenesis.

PMID- 6370757
TI  - Chicken embryo lens cultures mimic differentiation in the lens.
AB  - Embryonic chicken lenses, which had been disrupted by trypsin, were grown in
      culture. These cultures mimic lens development as it occurred in vivo, forming
      lens-like structures known as lentoids. Using a variety of techniques including
      electron microscopic analysis, autoradiography, immunofluorescence, and
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, it was shown that the lentoid cells had many
      characteristics in common with the differentiated cells of the intact lens, the
      elongated fiber cells. These characteristics included a shut off of DNA
      synthesis, a loss of cell organelles, an increase in cell volume, an increase in
      delta-crystallin protein, and the development of extensive intercellular
      junctions. The cultures began as a simple epithelial monolayer but then underwent
      extensive morphogenesis as they differentiated. This morphogenesis involved three
      distinctive morphological types which appeared in sequence as an epithelial
      monolayer of polygonal shaped cells with pavement packing, elongated cells
      oriented end to end, and the multilayered, multicellular lentoids. These distinct
      morphological stages of differentiation in culture mimic morphogenesis as it
      occurs in the lens.

PMID- 6370758
TI  - Immunochemical analysis of myosin heavy chains in the developing chicken heart.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies (McAb) against myosin from the pectoralis muscle of the
      adult chicken have been generated and shown to react specifically with the myosin
      heavy chain (MHC). The reactivities of two such McAbs with myosin from adult
      chicken atrial and ventricular myocardium were further analysed by
      immunoautoradiography, radioimmunoassay, and immunofluorescence microscopy.
      Monoclonal antibody MF 20 was found to bind both atrial and ventricular MHC and
      stain all striated muscle cells of the adult chicken heart. In contrast, McAb B1
      bound specifically to atrial myocytes in immunofluorescence studies, while
      immunoautoradiography and radioimmunoassay demonstrated the specificity of this
      antibody for the atrial MHC. Upon reacting these McAbs with myosin isolated from
      embryonic hearts where definitive atria and ventricles were present, the same
      specificity of antibody binding was observed. Immunofluorescence studies
      demonstrated that all striated muscle cells of the embryonic heart contained MHCs
      recognized by MF 20, while only atrial muscle cells were bound by B1. When
      extracts of presumptive atrial and ventricular tissue were reacted with MF 20 and
      B1, significant reactivity of MF 20 was first observed at stage 10 in the
      presumptive ventricle and thereafter this McAb reacted with all regions of the
      developing myocardium. Binding of B1 was detected approximately 1 day later at
      stage 15 and was confined to atrial-forming tissues. These data demonstrate
      antigenic similarity between adult and embryonic MHC isolated from atrial
      myocardium and suggest the expression of an atrial-specific MHC early in the
      regional differentiation of the heart.

PMID- 6370760
TI  - Insulin antibodies in diabetic children treated with monocomponent porcine
      insulin from the onset: relationship to B-cell function and partial remission.
AB  - Insulin antibodies expressed as insulin binding capacity of IgG were determined
      in 50 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic children who have been treated with
      monocomponent porcine insulin from the onset of the disease. During the follow-up
      period of 0.5-5.5 years (mean +/- SD: 3.2 +/- 1.6 years), 26 out of 50 patients
      (52%) developed detectable insulin antibodies. These patients had significantly
      lower maximal C-peptide responses to a standardized breakfast 9 months after
      onset of diabetes (mean 0.24 pmol/ml, p less than 0.001) than those without
      insulin antibodies (mean 0.47 pmol/ml). In addition, patients with antibodies
      showed both significantly higher insulin requirements at 9 months (p less than
      0.05), and shorter remissions (p less than 0.01) than those without. It is
      concluded that even 'small' amounts of insulin antibodies may be biologically
      significant and have negative effects on B-cell function and metabolic balance.

PMID- 6370759
TI  - Ontogeny of the basal lamina in the sea urchin embryo.
AB  - The patterns of expression for several extracellular matrix components during
      development of the sea urchin embryo are described. An immunofluorescence assay
      was employed on paraffin-sectioned material using (i) polyclonal antibodies
      against known vertebrate extracellular matrix components: laminin, fibronectin,
      heparan sulfate proteoglycan, collagen types I, III, and IV; and (ii) monoclonal
      antibodies generated against sea urchin embryonic components. Most extracellular
      matrix components studied were found localized within the unfertilized egg in
      granules (0.5-2.0 micron) distinct from the cortical granules. Fertilization
      initiated trafficking of the extracellular matrix (ECM) components from within
      the egg granules to the basal lamina of the developing embryo. The various ECM
      components arrived within the developing basal lamina at different times, and not
      all components were unique to the basal lamina. Two ECM components were not found
      within the egg. These molecules appeared de novo at the mesenchyme blastula
      stage, and remained specific to the mesoderm through development. The reactivity
      of antibodies to vertebrate ECM antigens with components of the sea urchin embryo
      suggests the presence of immunologically similar ECM molecules between the phyla.

PMID- 6370761
TI  - Time-dependent inhibition of insulin release: suppression of the arginine effect
      by hyperglycaemia.
AB  - Brief stimulation of the pancreas with arginine causes a refractory state which
      reduces the insulin response to subsequent stimulations (time-dependent
      inhibition). In control subjects, a pair of arginine injections (75 mg/kg) at a
      30-min interval resulted in 20% reduction of peak and integrated insulin
      responses to the second injection. In Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic
      patients and in obese subjects, the inhibitory effect of repeated arginine
      stimuli was abolished. Healthy subjects were made acutely hyperglycaemic (9.3 +/-
      0.3 mmol/l) by the glucose clamp technique. This induced a three- to fivefold
      greater insulin response to arginine. Compared to the response of diabetic
      subjects with similar hyperglycaemia, the control subjects secreted four to nine
      times more insulin. When the arginine stimulation was repeated 30 min later, no
      inhibition was observed, the second insulin response being instead augmented 1.5-
      to 1.8-fold. We conclude that (1) the insulin response to arginine is markedly
      reduced in Type 2 diabetes; (2) arginine-induced time-dependent inhibition of
      insulin release is abolished in patients with minimal to moderate hyperglycaemia;
      (3) this is probably due to the acute synergistic action of glucose and arginine
      on the B cell; (4) time-dependent inhibition of insulin release may be a
      protective mechanism against insulin oversecretion following repetitive
      stimulation of the pancreas; its abolition in hyperglycaemic states may be a
      compensatory mechanism, allowing substantial increases in insulin output.

PMID- 6370762
TI  - Time-dependent inhibition of insulin release: glucose-arginine interactions in
      the perfused rat pancreas.
AB  - The isolated perfused rat pancreas was stimulated sequentially with arginine or
      glucose to analyze the time-dependent modulation of insulin release. A 10-min
      perfusion with arginine (5.0 mmol/l) induced 75% inhibition of the insulin
      response to repeated arginine stimulation 10 min later. When glucose (8.3 mmol/l)
      was given as two pulses, inhibition of the second insulin response was less
      pronounced. The inhibitory effect generated by arginine also suppressed the
      insulin response to glucose (27.7 mmol/l), and this inhibitory effect persisted
      for over 80 min. Stimulation for 30 min with glucose (27.7 mmol/l) strongly
      potentiated the insulin responses to a pair of arginine stimuli given 20 min
      later. However, despite augmented secretion rates, the insulin response to the
      second arginine pulse was still inhibited by 75%. When insulin secretion was
      strongly amplified by two 10 min pulses of the synergistic mixture of arginine
      (5.0 mmol/l) and glucose (8.3 mmol/l), there was no inhibition of the second
      insulin response. If glucose (8.3 mmol/l) was present during the first arginine
      stimulation only, the response to the second arginine pulse was inhibited as in
      control experiments. However, when glucose was added to the second arginine pulse
      only, the inhibition generated by the first arginine pulse did not express
      itself, insulin release remaining similar to control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6370763
TI  - Islet cell surface and lymphocyte antibodies often precede the spontaneous
      diabetes in the BB rat.
AB  - The diabetic syndrome of the BB rat shows many homologies with that of human
      insulin-dependent diabetes and evidence that the onset of the disease is
      associated with the presence of autoantibodies, including islet cell surface
      antibodies. In this study, sera were sampled serially from weaning to 157 days of
      age from 26 BB rats in two low-incidence litters, and 22 rats of three high
      incidence litters. Clinical and metabolic variables were monitored concurrently
      with blood lymphocyte counts. Islet morphology was correlated at sacrifice. In
      the high-incidence litters, eight rats developed insulin-dependent diabetes, five
      impaired glucose tolerance, and the remaining nine all showed insulitis. In the
      low-incidence litters, only one animal showed impaired glucose tolerance and
      another insulitis. In the high-incidence litters 16 rats (73%) had islet cell
      surface antibodies compared with 4 out of 26 (15%) low-incidence controls (p less
      than 0.002). Antibodies reactive with Wistar rat spleen lymphocytes were present
      in all high-incidence rats compared with 19% (5 out of 26) among the control
      litters (p less than 0.002). Time courses of islet cell surface and lymphocyte
      antibody appearance and their peak values varied, but already at weaning the
      levels of both antibodies were increased among the high-incidence litter rats (p
      less than 0.001). Islet cell surface and/or lymphocyte antibodies were therefore
      present in the majority of animals at an age where neither morphological nor
      metabolic evidence of the diabetic syndrome were yet detected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6370765
TI  - Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease
      chicken, egg or neither?
AB  - review of the literature yields much evidence against a correlation between
      duration of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Type 2 diabetes) and the
      degree of coronary atherosclerosis or the risk of clinically evident coronary
      heart disease (CHD). Furthermore, an increased risk of CHD, similar to that in
      previously diagnosed diabetic subjects, has been demonstrated in persons with
      impaired glucose tolerance. These observations suggest that an increased risk of
      CHD is not a consequence of the development of diabetes (i.e. persistent
      hyperglycaemia). It is more likely that diabetes develops in individuals who
      already possess characteristics which increase the risk of CHD in addition to the
      risk of developing diabetes.

PMID- 6370764
TI  - Non-enzymatic glycosylation and the chronic complications of diabetes: an
      overview.

PMID- 6370766
TI  - Prevention of blindness in diabetic retinopathy.
AB  - Diabetic retinopathy, hitherto the most common cause of blindness in those
      between 30-64 years of age has become treatable. Both diabetic maculopathy and
      proliferative retinopathy can be treated effectively by photocoagulation. The
      treatment is most successful if given early, before visual loss becomes
      irreversible. Recently, vitrectomy with additional microsurgical techniques has
      been developed and shown to be effective in restoring vision to many patients
      blind from the complications of proliferative retinopathy.

PMID- 6370767
TI  - Beta-adrenergic blockade is more effective in suppressing adrenaline-induced
      glucose production in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes.
AB  - To examine whether diabetes affects the ability of beta-blockade to suppress
      adrenaline-stimulated hepatic glucose production, we infused adrenaline with and
      without propranolol into normal subjects and diabetic patients receiving a
      constant insulin infusion in basal amounts. In normal subjects, propranolol did
      not block the transient 50%-60% rise in glucose production during adrenaline
      infusion. In contrast, propranolol virtually abolished adrenaline-induced
      hyperglycaemia and glucose production was virtually abolished by propranolol in
      the diabetic patients, even though they demonstrated an exaggerated response to
      adrenaline alone (persistent increase in glucose production of 50%-90% above
      baseline). When insulin was infused together with adrenaline and propranolol in
      normal subjects in doses exceeding those given to the diabetics (plasma insulin
      rose threefold), the rise in glucose production was still threefold greater than
      in the diabetic patients (p less than 0.02). We conclude that beta-blockade is
      more effective in suppressing the hepatic response to adrenaline in diabetics
      than in normal subjects. Our data may explain why diabetic subjects are more
      vulnerable to hypoglycaemia during treatment with propranolol.

PMID- 6370768
TI  - Epidemiological studies of diabetes mellitus in Denmark: 5. Mortality and causes
      of death among insulin-treated diabetic patients.
AB  - A 7-year follow-up study is reported on the prevalent population of all insulin
      treated diabetic patients (n = 1499) as of 1 July 1973 in the Funen County,
      Denmark. The analysis of mortality was based on data from 395 dead and the
      remaining 1104 living patients. Males had a significantly higher mortality than
      females and a lower age at onset was associated with a significantly higher
      mortality. An analysis of the causes of death revealed a higher than expected
      number of deaths in all categories studied, although the excess mortality was
      highest for diabetes mellitus itself and cardiovascular diseases. Diabetes
      mellitus was not notified on 15% of the death certificates, and this under
      reporting varied according to duration of the disease and place of death. It is
      concluded that studies based solely on death certificates will underestimate the
      mortality of diabetes mellitus, and that further longitudinal studies of well
      defined, population-based patient groups are needed to evaluate the determinants
      of mortality in diabetes.

PMID- 6370769
TI  - Epidemiological studies of diabetes mellitus in Denmark: 6. Use of hospital
      services by insulin-treated diabetic patients.
AB  - The use of hospital services among insulin-treated diabetic patients was studied
      in a group of 1499 patients, representing greater than 98% of all prevalent cases
      as of 1 July 1973 in the Funen County, Denmark, who were followed during a 8 1/2
      year period by a record linkage with the regional computerized hospital
      registration system. On the prevalence date, 26% of the patients (in the age
      group 0-9 years: 74%) attended a diabetic outpatient clinic. The overall average
      admission rates for males and females were 0.46 and 0.53 per diabetes-year,
      respectively, and the average estimated 'hospital bed-day occupancy' rates per
      diabetes-year were 7.2 and 9.6, respectively. These figures are five times higher
      than expected from the general population. Diabetes was not recorded as a
      discharge diagnosis (primary and/or secondary) in 13% of the male and 15% of the
      female 'hospital bed-day occupancy' rate.

PMID- 6370770
TI  - How does glucose regulate the human pancreatic A cell in vivo?
AB  - To investigate the mechanism whereby changes in plasma glucose level alter human
      pancreatic A-cell activity in vivo, A-cell activity was determined during
      manipulation of plasma glucose and pancreatic B-cell activity by insulin and
      glucose infusions. A-cell activity (the acute immunoreactive glucagon response to
      intravenous arginine, 0-10 min) rose from 482 +/- 125 to 968 +/- 191 pg X ml-1 X
      10 min-1 (mean +/- SEM) when the plasma C-peptide level (a measure of B-cell
      activity) was suppressed from 2164 +/- 365 to 872 +/- 162 pg/ml by an insulin
      infusion at euglycaemia (employing the glucose clamp technique) in six normal
      subjects. Raising plasma glucose to 6.7 mmol/l during the same insulin infusion
      returned mean C-peptide (2688 +/- 581 pg/ml) and the acute glucagon response to
      arginine (447 +/- 146 pg X ml-1 X 10 min-1) close to basal levels. Individual
      changes in the acute glucagon response to arginine followed the C-peptide
      changes. The mean change in the acute glucagon response to arginine per unit
      change in plasma glucose (-191 +/- 36) was similar to that seen when plasma
      glucose was raised to twice basal levels in six different subjects without an
      insulin infusion (-159 +/- 45). This suggests that, when plasma glucose is raised
      to about twice basal level in vivo, the major factor in suppressing A-cell
      activity is the concurrent change in B-cell activity rather than direct effects
      of glucose or circulating insulin on the A cell.

PMID- 6370771
TI  - Insulin responses to varying profiles of subcutaneous insulin infusion: kinetic
      modelling studies.
AB  - Refinement of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion for diabetes therapy
      requires improved knowledge of subcutaneous insulin absorption kinetics. We have
      used kinetic modelling to quantitate systemic insulin delivery produced by
      subcutaneously-infused insulin (i.e. simulated meal and basal delivery). Profiles
      were studied in normal subjects, with endogenous insulin suppressed. Paired
      studies of intravenous insulin infusion enabled systemic insulin delivery to be
      quantitated. High rate subcutaneous delivery (10 U in 5 min) resulted in a
      systemic delivery of approximately 8 U in 4 h. Increasing infused insulin
      concentration delayed systemic delivery (p less than 0.025). Both continuous and
      pulsatile low-rate infusions (2.4 U/h) gave similar slow increases in systemic
      delivery to 1 U after 4 h. Computer fitting to a two-pool model of the
      subcutaneous space suggested a low rate of insulin degradation for all profiles
      (rate constant less than 10%/h). We conclude that: systemic insulin delivery
      following subcutaneous infusion conforms reasonably to a two-pool model,
      subcutaneous insulin degradation is low regardless of input profile, a long delay
      in basal systemic delivery should be taken into account when initiating or
      resuming interrupted subcutaneous insulin infusion. Kinetic modelling of
      subcutaneous insulin absorption should be useful to predict the impact of
      programming strategies for continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy.

PMID- 6370772
TI  - In vivo imaging and quantitative analysis of insulin-receptor interaction in lean
      and obese Zucker rats.
AB  - Imaging and quantitative analysis of insulin-receptor interaction was studied in
      vivo in lean and obese Zucker rats, using a recently developed technique in which
      purified Tyr A14 123I-monoiodoinsulin is intravenously injected and the tracer
      followed by scintillation scanning. The obese rats were 72% overweight, had near
      normal blood glucose concentrations and an 11-fold increase in plasma insulin
      concentration. In both groups of rats, the tracer was rapidly taken up by the
      liver (by a receptor mediated mechanism) and the kidneys (by a non-receptor
      mediated process). Past this maximum, radioactivity decreased in both organs as
      123I-insulin was degraded and free 123I-iodide was released into the plasma
      compartment. Heart radioactivity (i.e. blood pool) mirrored that of the liver and
      kidneys. The rapid initial decrease of blood radioactivity was concomitant with
      liver and kidney uptake of 123I-insulin. Release of free iodide from these organs
      induced a slow secondary rise of blood radioactivity followed by a final decline
      corresponding to clearance of plasma iodide, mainly by urinary excretion. Liver
      radioactivity profiles of lean and obese rats were parallel. When expressed per g
      weight, liver radioactivity was significantly decreased in obese rats. However,
      due to hepatomegaly in obese rats, total liver radioactivity was significantly
      higher in homozygous fa/fa rats than in lean littermates. Furthermore, if the
      marked hyperinsulinaemia of the obese rats is taken into account, total bound
      insulin was enhanced in the liver of fa/fa rats whatever reference is used,
      either g weight or total liver.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6370773
TI  - Hematopoietic differentiation cell surface antigen switching in the bone marrow
      of different aged chickens.
AB  - Immune cytolysis and immunofluorescence were used to examine chicken fetal
      antigen CFA) and chicken adult antigen (CAA) expression on the
      differentiation/maturation series of definitive erythroid cells obtained from the
      bone marrow of different aged chickens. We found that erythroid cells undergo
      changes in CFA/CAA antigenic expression dependent on their
      differentiation/maturation stages as well as the developmental age of the
      chicken. All differentiation/maturation stages of erythroid cells in the bone
      marrow of 12 and 18-day-old embryos express CFA only. Erythroblasts obtained from
      7-day post-hatched chickens express either CFA or CAA. All three CFA/CAA
      phenotypes (i.e., CFA, CAA, and CFA + CAA) are observed in subsequent maturation
      stages, but only the CFA + CAA phenotype is observed in mature erythroid cells in
      the bone marrow of 7-day post-hatched chickens. Erythroblasts from 62 day post
      hatched chickens exhibit all three CFA/CAA phenotypes. Cells in the subsequent
      maturation stages express various CFA, CAA, or CFA + CAA phenotypes resulting in
      a majority of the mature erythrocytes expressing both CFA and CAA, and a small
      population of mature erythrocytes expressing CAA only. Erythroblasts from adult
      chickens express both CFA and CAA; however, CFA is lost during erythroid
      maturation resulting in mature erythrocytes which express CAA only. These studies
      indicate that both the erythroid differentiation/ maturation stage and the
      developmental age of the chicken influence CFA and CAA antigenic expression on
      erythroid cells undergoing cellular differentiation/maturation in the bone
      marrow.

PMID- 6370774
TI  - Basement membrane diversity detected by monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Human fetal membranes or pepsin solubilized proteins thereof were used as
      immunogens in the production of monoclonal antibodies to basement membrane
      associated components. Some of the antibodies obtained reacted with all basement
      membranes in indirect immunofluorescent microscopy, others reacted with all
      epithelial but not with endothelial basement membranes, and yet other antibodies
      reacted only with certain epithelial basement membranes in these tests. The
      reactivities of the antibodies demonstrate that different basement membranes are
      (immuno) chemically different and contain unique components in addition to
      ubiquitous components such as type IV collagen and laminin.

PMID- 6370775
TI  - Immunofluorescence analysis of reexpression and activation: the origin of
      phenotypic diversity of rat hepatoma-mouse fibroblast hybrid colonies.
AB  - The capacity of young hybrid colonies between 2s rat hepatoma cells and mouse L
      fibroblasts to reexpress rat albumin and become activated for mouse albumin
      production, was examined at the level of individual cells using immunofluorescent
      staining of intracellular albumin. Most of the colonies that happened to
      reexpress albumin were observed to present a stable, homogeneous, hepatoma-like
      morphology, visible long before the first signs of albumin reexpression. These
      colonies switch from an extinct to an albumin-producing state between one and
      four weeks after fusion. Colonies that do not express albumin, present an
      epithelial or fibroblastic morphology. Karyologic analysis of hybrid clones
      representative of the various morphologic types revealed that their phenotypic
      diversity is correlated with their rat over mouse chromosome ratio. The results
      suggest that the potential of hybrid colonies to express albumin is determined at
      the time of nuclear fusion in the heterokaryons, possibly by the number of
      parental genomes participating in the formation of the mother hybrid cell. Double
      immunofluorescent staining of rat and mouse albumin in the same cell has been
      used to determine whether reexpression and activation are correlated phenomena or
      appear independently in any single cell. The analysis demonstrates that
      activation of mouse albumin never takes place without reexpression of the
      previously expressed rat albumin gene, while the converse is frequent.

PMID- 6370776
TI  - [Malignant lymphoma and celiac disease in adults].

PMID- 6370777
TI  - The physiology and pathophysiology of gastric emptying in humans.

PMID- 6370778
TI  - Do we need to measure gastric output and how?

PMID- 6370779
TI  - Cumulative index 1979-1983, Volume 76 through Volume 85.

PMID- 6370780
TI  - Lavage-induced cardiac asystole.

PMID- 6370781
TI  - [Quantitative histological studies of mast cells in the thyroid of sand rats
      (Psammomys obesus) during the development of a mellitus syndrome].
AB  - Mast cells in the thyroid glands of sand rats with different disturbances of the
      carbon hydrate tolerance (reference-, impaired-glucose-tolerance-, and diabetic
      group) are quantitative-histologically investigated. In the IGT-group (impaired
      glucose tolerance), mast cells are significant increased. However, the number of
      these cells in the diabetic group decreased significantly. This investigations
      demonstrate that the mellitus-syndrome is not only a complex neuroendocrine but
      also a disturbance of biogenic amines and the organ of the connective tissue.

PMID- 6370782
TI  - Electron microscopic study of teleost (Pimelodus maculatus) pancreatic islet
      cells.
AB  - The endocrine pancreas of the freshwater teleost Pimelodus maculatus was studied
      by electron microscopy. Based on the granule morphology 2 cell types were
      described: Secretory granules of type I cells are rounded, nearly completely
      filling the limiting membranous sac which measures from 120 to 150 nm in
      diameter; the type II granules are also rounded and measure from 220 to 270 nm in
      diameter; they consist of an eccentrical electron dense core separated from the
      limiting membrane by a wide electron lucent halo. These characteristics are
      correlated with those found in other teleosts.

PMID- 6370783
TI  - [Use of the iron-dextran preparation polyfer in the combined infusion therapy of
      the sequelae of surgical blood loss].

PMID- 6370784
TI  - [Thrombohemorrhagic syndrome in infectious diseases].

PMID- 6370785
TI  - Cytophysiological correlations between prothoracic gland activity and hemolymph
      ecdysteroid concentrations in Rhodnius prolixus during the fifth larval instar:
      further studies in normal and decapitated larvae.
AB  - Hemolymph ecdysteroid titers in fifth instar larvae of Rhodnius prolixus were
      determined by radioimmunoassay, and their prothoracic glands were excised and
      examined by electron microscopy. During the last larval instar, the titer of
      ecdysteroid increased between the head-critical period until Day 13, at which
      time the peak titer was 3100 pg 20-hydroxyecdysone equivalents/microliter. The
      activation of secretory cells at the time of the second period of
      prothoracicotropic hormone release was correlated with the development of major
      cellular organelles. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum first appeared at the head
      critical period and then proliferated in close relation to the increase in
      ecdysteroid titer until Day 13, after which time it disappeared. Mitochondria
      expand and develop tubular cristae. They are closely associated with the smooth
      endoplasmic reticulum. When insects were decapitated, hemolymph ecdysteroid titer
      remained below 10 pg/microliter and the prothoracic gland cells failed to develop
      smooth endoplasmic reticulum. We conclude that in the prothoracic gland cells as
      well as other steroidogenic tissues the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in
      association with mitochondria is involved in ecdysone biosynthesis.

PMID- 6370786
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in the
      brain of the goldfish Carassius auratus.
AB  - Using an indirect immunofluorescence technique, LH-RH was localized in the brain
      of the goldfish (Carassius auratus). Immunoreactive cell bodies were
      inconsistantly found in two hypothalamic nuclei: the anteroventral nucleus
      preopticus periventricularis (npp) and the posterior nucleus lateralis tuberis
      (nltp). Numerous immunoreactive fibers were observed in hypothalamic as well as
      in the extrahypothalamic parts of the brain and in the proximal pars distalis of
      the pituitary gland. Our results are discussed in relation to the neuroendocrine
      control of the pituitary gonadotropic function in teleosts.

PMID- 6370787
TI  - Immunocytochemical detection in eel corpuscles of Stannius of a mammalian
      parathyroid-like hormone.
AB  - Stannius corpuscles of the eel synthesize and secrete a mammalian parathyroid
      like hormone called parathyrin of CS (PCS). PCS has been localized in the
      cytoplasm of all cells in the corpuscles, detection being by indirect
      immunofluorescence with an antiserum anti-1-84 bovine hormone (PTH). The
      specificity of the reaction was demonstrated by inhibition of the fluorescent
      staining with 1-84 bovine PTH and the active fragment 1-34 of human PTH.
      Variations of the cellular localization of the PCS or a complete depletion of the
      hormonal content, in all cells, were observed in eels made hypercalcemic by Ca
      overloading. The secretory activity of the two types of CS cells may be regulated
      by the plasma Ca2+ concentration.

PMID- 6370788
TI  - Semidominance of rad18-2 for several phenotypic characters in Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae.
AB  - Inbred diploid yeast strains heterozygous or homozygous for the rad18-2 allele
      and carrying markers for detection of mitotic recombination were constructed. The
      homozygous rad18-2/rad 18-2 strain was highly sensitive to killing by UV light,
      showed greatly elevated frequencies of spontaneous and induced mitotic
      recombination and was more sensitive to trimethoprim than the wild-type diploid.
      The heterozygous strain RAD18/rad 18-2 was intermediate in its response for these
      same phenotypic characters. These findings are discussed in the light of other
      studies in which incomplete dominance of genes involved in some aspect of DNA
      repair has been reported.

PMID- 6370789
TI  - [Deletions of plasmid pRP3.1ts12 derived from RP1 leading to the suppression of
      the thermosensitive ts12 mutation and mucoid phenotype induction in Escherichia
      coli K-12].
AB  - Properties of a temperature-sensitive in replication mutant pRP3.1ts12 derived
      from the broad host range RP1 plasmid have been studied. pRP3.1ts12 is a
      shortened variant of the temperature-sensitive RP1ts12 mutant carrying a deletion
      in a region from 2.3 to 7.6 MD. In contrast to RP1ts12, the plasmid pRP3.1ts12 is
      a leaky ts mutant and is characterized by an elevated frequency of reversions to
      the temperature-independent phenotype. Temperature-independent derivatives of
      pRP3.1ts12 were studied. Approx. 15% of these were found to induce mucoid growth
      of the host cells. As revealed from restriction endonuclease analysis, most of
      the latter derivatives contain deletions of small DNA segments in the region 0.56
      to 2.3 MD of the RP1 map. The possible nature of the gene(s), whose deletions
      suppress the temperature-sensitive ts12 mutation and results in superproduction
      of Escherichia coli capsular poly-saccharide is discussed.

PMID- 6370790
TI  - RNA-polymerase binding sites within the tra region of the F factor of Escherichia
      coli K-12.
AB  - Chimeric plasmids containing the tra operon of the Escherichia coli K-12 F factor
      were used to map by electron microscopy the RNA polymerase binding sites within
      the contiguous F EcoRI restriction fragments f6, f16, f1, f17, f19 and f2. [These
      fragments have been previously cloned in the EcoRI site of pSC101 to give the
      chimeric plasmids pRS27 (f6, f15), pRS29 (f15, f1) and pRS31 (f17, f19 and f2)].
      The results may reflect the presence of a number of previously unrecognized
      promoters within the traY----Z operon.

PMID- 6370791
TI  - Cloning and expression of a yeast copper metallothionein gene.
AB  - The induction of a copper-binding metallothionein (Cu-MT) was studied in yeast,
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and a relationship between copper resistance and
      intracellular levels of Cu-MT in these eukaryotes was established. Poly(A)
      containing RNA from a copper-resistant (Cur) yeast strain, which synthesized
      abundant quantities of Cu-MT and in which Cu-MT gene transcription was enhanced
      50-fold upon exposure to CuSO4, was used to screen yeast genomic DNA clones.
      Restriction analysis revealed common XbaI and KpnI sites in five genomic clones
      isolated. The transcription of these clones was regulated by copper.
      Transformation of a copper-sensitive (Cus) yeast strain by one of these clones
      confers copper resistance in yeast. The results suggest that the expression of
      the Cu-MT gene is, in part, responsible for mediating copper resistance in yeast.

PMID- 6370792
TI  - MI: recent insights--and new treatments?

PMID- 6370793
TI  - [K. Marx on health protection for the working class].

PMID- 6370794
TI  - [Founding of the 1st hygiene departments in Russia].

PMID- 6370795
TI  - [Toxicity, biotransformation and biological effect of n-hexane (review of the
      literature)].

PMID- 6370796
TI  - [Effect of progressive experimental bronchostenosis on the growth and development
      of the lung].

PMID- 6370797
TI  - Microinvasive squamous carcinoma of the vulva: present status and reassessment.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 24 patients with early invasive squamous carcinoma
      was performed. No nodal metastases were noted in these patients. Based on a
      review of the literature, no absolute definition of microinvasive carcinoma could
      be formulated, but a treatment outline has been formulated based on depth of
      invasion for Stage I lesions.

PMID- 6370798
TI  - [Pilous nevi of the hand].
AB  - Pilous nevi of the hand should be treated both to prevent cosmetic and functional
      disorders and because they can degenerate. In the first months of life a
      dermabrasio can be performed, later excision and skin-grafting is necessary. A
      case of pilous nevus involving nearly the whole right hand, which had been
      treated ten years previously, is reported.

PMID- 6370799
TI  - [New aspects of the treatment of dermatogenous contractures of the hand in
      epidermolysis bullosa].
AB  - Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica is a rare hereditary disease of skin. There are
      always flexion contractures and pseudosyndactylies of all fingers and adduction
      contractures of the thumb. Aims of surgical management are reconstruction and
      maintaining of hand function. Technical details of 18 operations in six children
      are described. Ultramicroscopical criteria help to choose patients for therapy
      with phenytoin. It is as yet too early to assess the results of the latter
      treatment.

PMID- 6370800
TI  - [Some aspects of the physician's law in Jewish traditional sources].

PMID- 6370801
TI  - [The first 2 cases of bone marrow transplantation in children in Israel].

PMID- 6370802
TI  - Hepatic superoxide dismutase activity in the mouse infected with Plasmodium
      berghei.
AB  - The effects of malarial infection, induced by infecting the mouse with Plasmodium
      berghei (30-40% parasitemia), on hepatic superoxide dismutase (SODs) were
      studied. Total SOD and Cu-Zn SOD activities were found to be significantly
      reduced. Mn SOD activity, however, was not found to be altered.

PMID- 6370803
TI  - An IFAT cercarial slide antigen preparation for schistosomiasis.
AB  - A modified technique for the preparation of a cercarial microscopic slide antigen
      for use in IFAT, that could be stored at -20 degrees C for 6 months is described.
      Cercariae were deposited by cooling, fixed in 0.5% buffered formaline, mixed with
      7% egg albumin, dropped on slides and dried. Before use, antigen was post-fixed
      in absolute methyl alcohol. Evans blue was used as a counterstain. The antigen
      was evaluated with known human positive and negative sera, also with sera from
      normal individuals and others residing in endemic areas and exposed to infections
      with schistosomiasis; as well as with sera of patients with other helminthic
      infections (strongyloidiasis, ankylostomiasis, ascariasis and microfilariasis).
      It indicated a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 61.5%.

PMID- 6370804
TI  - Selection of Escherichia coli K12 1EA mutants with increased synthesis of ribitol
      dehydrogenase.
AB  - Selection of an interspecific hybrid Escherichia coli K12 1EA in a chemostat on
      xylitol yielded a stable mutant synthesizing a four-fold amount of ribitol
      dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.56). Subsequent cultivation of the mutant under increased
      selection pressure resulted in an accumulation of a mutant with 12-fold higher
      level of ribitol dehydrogenase relative to the parent strain 1EA. A selection
      during which a UV-mutagenized population of the 1EA mutant was cultivated in a
      chemostat on xylitol was accompanied by monitoring the activities of ribitol
      dehydrogenase and D-arabinitol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.11) of two adjacent
      catabolite operons. A several-fold increase in the activity of the two enzymes
      was followed by further increase in the activity of ribitol dehydrogenase and a
      concomitant drop in the activity of D-arabinitol dehydrogenase. The two
      hyperproducing strains are compared with the parent mutant as to the rate of
      synthesis of the two dehydrogenases and growth parameters under the conditions of
      batch cultivation.

PMID- 6370805
TI  - Kinetics of alpha-amylase production in a continuous culture of Bacillus
      licheniformis.
AB  - As found during continuous cultivation of Bacillus licheniformis on a
      semisynthetic medium (glucose or maltose as C source), the specific rate of alpha
      amylase production is proportional to growth rate but is repressed by higher
      substrate concentrations. Besides glucose or maltose, peptone was also used as an
      alternative carbon source during cultivation. The specific rate of production of
      the enzyme on maltose is half that found with glucose.

PMID- 6370806
TI  - Improving the production of monensin by Streptomyces cinnamonensis.
AB  - The production of monensin by Streptomyces cinnamonensis was increased by genetic
      improvement of the strain and by modification of cultivation conditions. The
      selection of a suitable strain and optimization of the fermentation process
      (temperature, aeration, addition of esters of oleic acid) resulted in a 30 fold
      increase of the monensin production.

PMID- 6370807
TI  - [Windshield injuries. Frequency--treatment--safety measures].

PMID- 6370808
TI  - [Problems of lens injuries].

PMID- 6370809
TI  - [Indications of bandage lenses in perforating and lamellar corneal injuries].

PMID- 6370810
TI  - [Role of Gardnerella vaginalis and anaerobes. Etiology of nonspecific colpitis].
AB  - Nonspecific vaginitis is a very common clinical syndrome. In patients with
      nonspecific vaginitis the normal, lactobacillus-dominated microbial flora is
      replaced by Gardnerella vaginalis and certain anaerobes, preferably bacteroides
      spp. The mechanisms by which anaerobes or Gardnerella vaginalis or a combination
      of these organisms produce the disease condition are still unknown. Treatment
      with ampicillin and certain other drugs is often effective, but metronidazole
      appears to be the most effective antimicrobial for this condition. The optimal
      dose and duration of metronidazole therapy require further study.

PMID- 6370811
TI  - [Flunarizine--a new agent for migraine prevention. Results of a double-blind
      comparison with placebo].
AB  - Seventeen patients with common or classical migraine were prophylactically
      treated with 10 mg flunarizine daily whereas 18 patients received a placebo
      during a 3-month randomized double-blind study. Globally, flunarizine was
      significantly superior to the placebo. Only three patients felt that flunarizine
      had been useless and the investigator also guessed the medication code correctly
      in all but these three cases. Beyond a 1-month starting period the frequency of
      the migraine attacks became significantly lower with flunarizine than with the
      placebo. The mean monthly number of attacks was respectively 3.3 and 3.8 before
      the study and 1.4 and 3.2 during the study. The limited scale of the trial
      precludes a judgment as to whether one type of migraine would respond better to
      flunarizine than the other. Side-effects were negligible, weight gain being
      considered rather a secondary gain than an untoward consequence of treatment.

PMID- 6370812
TI  - [Compatibility and efficacy of Meditonsin].
AB  - Heavy metals, including mercury, have recently been in discussion in connection
      with ecology and therapy. As Meditonsin represents a 0,004% solution of mercury
      cyanide the following were investigated: absorption, excretion, effect on the
      kidneys and the chemical behaviour of mercury cyanide and other mercury salts as
      well as the antimicrobial effectivity in in vitro tests. With the dose
      recommended for adults neither an increase of mercury ions nor an increased
      excretion of these could be detected in the blood or the urine respectively. Even
      in minimal inhibitory concentrations Meditonsin is characterised in the in vitro
      tests by an excellent antimicrobial effect.

PMID- 6370813
TI  - [Effects of medial preoptic area stimulation on the midbrain central gray related
      to lordosis in female rats].

PMID- 6370814
TI  - [Hemodynamics and changes in compliance of the extra-thoracic capacity system
      following administration of prostacyclin (PGI2)].
AB  - Hemodynamic effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) given as an intravenous infusion at a
      rate of 8 ng/kg/min were assessed in 50 patients with coronary artery disease at
      the time of aortocoronary bypass surgery. 1. During steady-state neuroleptic
      anesthesia, after sternotomy and pericardiotomy, before cannulation of the aorta
      and vena cava PGI2 led to the following changes: decreases in mean arterial
      pressure (-24%), total peripheral resistance (-46%), left ventricular pressure (
      12%) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (-48%), increases in heart rate
      (+9%), cardiac output (+41%), stroke volume (+30%) and dp/dtmax (+26%) as well as
      nonsignificant decreases in right ventricular filling pressure (-13%) and mean
      pulmonary arterial pressure (-9%) together with an unaltered rate-pressure
      product. 2. In a randomized double-blind study PGI2 was infused throughout the
      period from two minutes prior to, until termination of extracorporeal
      circulation. The effects on compliance of the extrathoracic venous system were
      analyzed on the basis of changes in venous pressure and oxygenator volume. As
      compared with controls, patients receiving PGI2 were found to have a significant
      increase in compliance (.157 ml/mm Hg X kg). Thus, in this setting, PGI2 can
      affect marked vasodilatation with reductions in peripheral resistance and mean
      arterial pressure together with increases in cardiac output and heart rate.

PMID- 6370815
TI  - [Arterial anastomosis in the angiogram following kidney transplantation].
AB  - In 26 patients who had undergone renal transplantation, renal arteriograms were
      obtained to analyze morphologic vascular changes in the region of the
      anastomosis. The donor kidney had been implanted in the right side of the pelvis
      in eight and the left side in 18 patients. The renal artery was anastomosed to
      the external iliac artery in 15 patients and to the internal iliac artery in
      twelve. Fourteen of 26 patients (54%) were found to have contour irregularities
      in the region of the anastomosis, either in the external iliac artery (or
      internal iliac artery, respectively), in the renal artery or both. Well
      delineated membrane-like stenoses were seen in seven patients, long segmental
      stenoses, frequently with poststenotic dilation, in four and the anastomosis was
      completely occluded in three patients. Arteriography or digital subtraction
      angiography, respectively, enabled detection of vascular changes in the region of
      the anastomosis after renal transplantation, thus, rendering guidelines for
      subsequent interventions to maintain graft viability such as revascularization or
      percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.

PMID- 6370816
TI  - The VA responds on aging veterans.

PMID- 6370817
TI  - Hyperinsulinemia of chronic active hepatitis: impaired insulin removal rather
      than pancreatic hypersecretion.
AB  - Exaggerated insulin response to oral glucose was demonstrated in peripheral blood
      of patients with chronic hepatic diseases. High peripheral insulin levels may be
      the result of pancreatic hypersecretion or decreased hepatic removal of insulin.
      The simultaneous assay of insulin and C-Peptide concentrations in peripheral
      blood enables the determination of both beta-cell activity and hepatic fractional
      insulin extraction. We have measured peripheral insulin and C-Peptide levels
      during OGTT in a group of subjects with chronic active hepatitis (CAH). These
      subjects showed glucose levels and incremental areas significantly higher than
      controls, but still in the upper range of normality. Insulin response to oral
      glucose was significantly greater in CAH patients than in controls, whereas C
      Peptide levels and areas were quite similar in the two groups. The C-Peptide to
      insulin molar ratios before and after glucose, and the relations between C
      Peptide and insulin incremental areas were lower in CAH patients than in
      controls. We conclude that the peripheral hyperinsulinemia observed in subjects
      with CAH is due to diminished insulin removal by the diseased liver rather than
      pancreatic hypersecretion.

PMID- 6370818
TI  - Rat islet cells have glucose-dependent periodic electrical activity.
AB  - In order to examine whether rat islet cells have a glucose-dependent
      plateau/silent phase pattern of electrical activity as seen in mouse islets,
      intracellular recordings were made in cultured whole rat islets. Rat islet cells
      responded to glucose stimulation with membrane potential alterations between a
      polarized silent phase and a depolarized plateau phase associated with spikes.
      Increasing or decreasing glucose stimulation prolonged or shortened the relative
      duration of plateau phase, respectively. Removal of glucose from the medium
      caused membrane hyperpolarization with disappearance of electrical activity while
      reintroduction of glucose caused membrane depolarization and biphasic onset of
      electrical activity. These results indicate that rat islet cells have a glucose
      dependent plateau/silent phase electrical mechanism nearly identical to that seen
      in mouse islets.

PMID- 6370819
TI  - Islet-activating protein (IAP)-induced adrenergic modulation of pancreatic A and
      B cell in dogs.
AB  - Islet-activating protein (IAP) is a substance purified from the culture medium of
      Bordetella pertussis, and its main action is characterized by the enhancement of
      secretory response to glucose and other stimuli in pancreatic islet. In this
      experiment, the effect of IAP on epinephrine-induced secretion of immunoreactive
      insulin (IRI) and glucagon (IRG) was investigated in normal dogs. Epinephrine
      suppressed IRI secretion and it had a little increment to IRG secretion in
      control group, while IRI and IRG secretions were significantly increased by
      epinephrine in IAP pretreated group. Using beta-blocker (Propranolol) with
      epinephrine, these increments of IRI and IRG secretions in IAP pretreated group
      were abolished. However, using alpha-blocker (Phentolamine) with epinephrine,
      these secretions of IRI and IRG in IAP pretreated group were much more increased
      than epinephrine alone induced secretions. Blood glucose levels were lower in IAP
      pretreated group than in control group throughout the loading tests in all of the
      experiments. These findings suggest that (1) IAP decreases blood glucose level
      and (2) IAP enhances epinephrine-induced secretion of insulin and glucagon by
      acceleration of beta-adrenergic effect and by reduction of alpha-adrenergic
      suppression in dogs.

PMID- 6370820
TI  - Malaria parasites do not contain or synthesize sialic acids.
AB  - The capacity of Plasmodia to synthesize sialic acids was investigated by adding
      radioactive acetate to short-term in vitro cultures of the intraerythrocytic
      asexual forms of three malaria parasites (the human malaria Plasmodium falciparum
      in Aotus trivirgatus erythrocytes; the simian malaria P. knowlesi in rhesus
      monkey erythrocytes; the rodent malaria P. berghei in mouse erythrocytes) and to
      cultures of extracellular zygotes of the avian malaria P. gallinaceum.
      Radioactive acetate was added to normal rhesus monkey erythrocytes and to cells
      of the murine myeloma NS-1 for comparison. Although [1-14C]-acetate labeled many
      proteins with each malaria parasite and the NS-1 cells, analysis of purified
      sialic acids revealed that only with the NS-1 cells was radioactivity
      incorporated into sialic acids. Furthermore, N-acetyl[6-3H]mannosamine was not
      incorporated into sialic acids or malarial glycoproteins when added to P.
      knowlesi cultures. All of the malaria parasites underwent growth or
      differentiation during these experiments as measured by [35S]methionine uptake
      into protein and by light microscopy. Extracellular parasites largely free of
      erythrocyte membranes were prepared to determine whether Plasmodia contain sialic
      acids that are not labeled by exogenous precursors. Purified merozoites of P.
      knowlesi and zygotes of P. gallinaceum did not contain detectable amounts of
      sialic acids on chemical analysis. Thus, although we could show that Plasmodia
      can incorporate radioactive sugars such as glucosamine, galactose and mannose
      into proteins, presumably glycoproteins, they do not synthesize sialic acids or
      sialo-glycoproteins, nor do they contain sialo-glycoconjugates of host origin.

PMID- 6370821
TI  - The patient: first or last?
AB  - Too often mental health care professionals consider bureaucratic constraints
      rather than patient needs when making clinical, administrative, and public policy
      decisions. This sort of "top-down" decision-making leads to solutions that
      emphasize procedures and regulations rather than clinical results. After
      examining the disastrous effects of top-down planning in areas such as care of
      the chronic mental patient, the author concludes that in approaching current
      policy issues mental health professionals must forge solutions that meet the
      needs of patients rather than those of the external environment.

PMID- 6370822
TI  - Life and death in a policy vacuum.

PMID- 6370823
TI  - Predictive validity of assessments of early cognitive competence in light of some
      current issues in development psychology.

PMID- 6370824
TI  - Renal osteodystrophy.

PMID- 6370825
TI  - Oncocytic Schneiderian papilloma: a reappraisal of cylindrical cell papilloma of
      the sinonasal tract.
AB  - Cylindrical cell papilloma (CCP) is the rarest of three morphologically distinct
      papillomas that occur in the nose and paranasal sinuses. Because it is unfamiliar
      to many pathologists, it is often mistaken histologically for papillary
      adenocarcinoma or even rhinosporidiosis. The clinical and pathologic features of
      six new cases are reported and compared with those of 14 others reported in the
      literature. The results of the light microscopic, histochemical,
      immunocytochemical (cytochrome c oxidase), and ultrastructural studies described
      here provide conclusive evidence that the swollen, granular, eosinophilic
      epithelial cells that compose CCP are true oncocytes that arise primarily, or
      perhaps exclusively, from the respiratory (Schneiderian) epithelium of the
      sinonasal passages rather than from minor salivary glands. Continued designation
      of the CCP as such should therefore be discouraged in favor of a more precise
      term reflecting this derivation. The phrase "oncocytic Schneiderian papilloma" is
      proposed.

PMID- 6370826
TI  - Immunohistochemical characterization of cellular immunoglobulins and epithelial
      marker antigens in Warthin's tumor.
AB  - Lymphoid and epithelial cell marker studies based on paired immunofluorescence
      staining were performed on ethanol-fixed specimens from six Warthin's tumors of
      the parotid gland. A polyclonal pattern of isotype and light-chain expression was
      demonstrated for immunoglobulin-producing cells and afforded definitive evidence
      for the reactive nature of B-cell proliferation. The average percentages of IgG,
      IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE immunocytes were 48.6, 38.5, 8.9, 3.3, and 0.7,
      respectively. The percentages of J-chain-positive cells within the first four
      isotypes were 11.3, 47.0, 67.2, and 64.4. Both features were more typical of
      immune responses in lymphoid tissues than in exocrine glands. In five of the six
      specimens, IgE was present in a prominent lacy pattern in some follicular
      centers, often extending to lymphocyte membranes of the mantle zone. Mast cells
      positive for IgE were seen in all cases. The two latter features indicate that
      type 1 hypersensitivity might contribute to the lesion. Parts of the tumor
      epithelium stained selectively for dimeric IgA and secretory component (SC),
      signifying secretory capacity. In addition, lactoferrin and carcinoembryonic
      antigen (CEA) occasionally were present in a narrow cytoplasmic luminal rim.
      Carcinoembryonic antigen was also seen in papillary epithelial projections.
      Lysozyme was found in isolated epithelial cells, whereas amylase was completely
      lacking. Except for the presence of CEA, this pattern of epithelial markers
      resembled that seen in striated ducts of normal salivary glands.

PMID- 6370827
TI  - Malignant histiocytosis: a clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical study of
      20 cases.
AB  - To better characterize the diagnostic criteria and clinical behavior of malignant
      histiocytosis, 20 patients treated at the Mayo Clinic during a 25-year period
      were studied. A wide spectrum of cytologic differentiation was observed, with
      cells ranging from bland to highly anaplastic; hemophagocytosis was prominent
      only in conjunction with a bland histologic appearance. In surgical specimens,
      the diagnosis of malignant histiocytosis necessitated the use of immunoperoxidase
      methods for lysozyme, immunoglobulin light chain, and alpha-antitrypsin content,
      as well as cytochemical stains for acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase. All
      autopsies showed that organ involvement had varied somewhat from that reported
      earlier. The correct diagnosis of malignant histiocytosis was made prior to death
      in only ten of the 20 cases. The mean survival in the 17 fatal cases was 7.6
      months; three of the seven patients treated by aggressive chemotherapy achieved
      complete remission. Relatively longer survival was correlated with initial
      confinement to the skin and the absence of cytopenia or liver function
      abnormalities. Three patients with pulmonary involvement from malignant
      histiocytosis had apparent inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in the
      absence of central nervous system disease. The accelerated clinical progression
      of malignant histiocytosis and its response to current chemotherapeutic regimens
      make rapid diagnosis and familiarity with the pathologic variations seen in this
      disorder imperative. Routine utilization of special light-microscopic and
      immunohistochemical stains is mandatory.

PMID- 6370828
TI  - Variability in serologically detected male antigen titer and some resulting
      problems: a critical review.
AB  - Seroologically detected male antigen" (also called H-Y antigen) was first
      described in normal male mammals but now appears to occur in normal female
      mammals as well. "Serologically detected male predominant" (SDMP) antigen is a
      more appropriate name since the titer in normal males usually exceeds that of
      normal females. As we show, in each sex there is a considerable inter-individual
      variability in SDMP antigen titer, and in moderate-to-large size samples the low
      end of the male range of titers usually coincides with the high end of the female
      range. Several major problems arise from failure to recognize and/or to deal
      adequately with this normal variation in SDMP antigen titer. The chief problem is
      that the "controls" used (often a single individual) may be inadequate and
      misleading, leading to unjustified designation of samples as "positive",
      "negative", or even "deviant" ("intermediate", "reduced") for SDMP antigen titer.
      Other problems include deficiencies in technique and lack of statistical control
      for test and sample variability. Adequate attention to these problems, especially
      to the normal variability in SDMP antigen titer, could reduce the contradictions
      and inconsistencies which have troubled this field.

PMID- 6370831
TI  - The role of the macrophage in cardiac allograft rejection in the rat.
AB  - Macrophages (MO) are a well-recognized component of the cellular infiltrate in
      first-set (acute) allograft rejections. Definition of their actual role in the
      mediation of rejection depends on showing that they are present in sufficient
      numbers and at relevant sites in rejecting grafts, that they are capable of
      mediating damage to graft tissues, and that their absence interfere with
      rejection. We have used rat heart allografts to investigate these questions.
      Normal rejection takes 7 days. By this time the MO is the major infiltrating cell
      and large numbers are present close to myocardial cells. In some cases they
      appear to push pseudopodia into the cell. Neither they, or other cell types,
      appear to be interacting with endothelial cells. MO extracted from rejecting
      allografts are potent secretors of plasminogen activator but show poor glass
      adherence and phagocytic ability compared to resident peritoneal cells. Graft MO
      are able to damage beating heart cells in vitro; their activity is not
      immunologically specific. Peritoneal MO from rats immunised with allogeneic
      spleen cells and MO grown in vitro from bone marrow in the absence of
      allostimulators behave similarly. Manipulation of MO behaviour was attempted with
      rabbit anti-rat MO serum. This did not prolong allograft survival and did not
      significantly depress blood monocyte levels. 750 rads irradiation prolonged graft
      survival usually until the death of the animal. Rejection could be restored with
      small lymphocytes from a normal rat, and the addition of bone-marrow cells had no
      effect. However, hearts rejected by animals given irradiation and lymphocytes
      alone contained as many MO as those rejected by normal animals, despite a
      reduction in blood monocyte levels to less than 5% of normal. We conclude that MO
      are present in large numbers and at relevant sites in rejecting allografts, and
      that they show features of activation and have a cytotoxic capability against
      relevant target cells. However, present approaches available for the prevention
      of MO accumulation in rejecting allografts are inadequate and, thus, no
      definitive statements about the need for MO as an effector cell in allograft
      rejection can be made.

PMID- 6370830
TI  - Assignment of the gene for uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase to human chromosome 1
      by somatic cell hybridization and specific enzyme immunoassay.
AB  - A specific enzyme immunoassay of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase was developed and
      applied to the detection of the human enzyme in man-rodent somatic cell hybrids.
      This method allowed to assign the gene for uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase to
      human chromosome 1.

PMID- 6370832
TI  - Mechanisms of allograft rejection: the roles of cytotoxic T-cells and delayed
      type hypersensitivity.

PMID- 6370829
TI  - Human oncogenes.
AB  - The information published on human oncogenes up to the fall of 1983 is reviewed.
      Retroviral oncogenes, proto-oncogenes, and cellular transforming genes are
      compared. Transforming genes derived from the ras gene family are described in
      detail. The different mechanisms of activation of proto-oncogenes are summarized.
      Finally, the concerted or sequential action of cellular transforming genes in the
      multi-step process of carcinogenesis is discussed.

PMID- 6370833
TI  - Cellular basis of allograft rejection.
AB  - In summary, we currently hypothesize that systemic immunization within the
      lymphoid tissue is amplified by a sequence of specific and non-specific
      immunological interactions which lead to enrichment of specifically sensitized T
      cells at the graft site. Nascent sensitized cells enter the graft via non
      specific attractants generated by the healing response. The interaction of
      alloantigen with responder T-cells bearing specific alloantigen receptor results
      in production of lymphokines which increase blood flow and vascular permeability,
      and which are chemotactic for circulating lymphocytes. These events and other non
      specific events recruit circulating cells regardless of the specificity of their
      sensitization. The state of activation of these cells may control their presence
      within the circulation. Cells which are more activated are released more readily
      from the lymphoid depots into the circulation so that relatively more
      specifically sensitized (though not necessarily mature cytotoxic cells) cells
      would enter the circulation and be recruited to the graft. At the allograft,
      there is an escalating sequence of lymphokine production and non-specific
      recruitment. II-1 has been demonstrated to be capable of mediating such
      recruitment. A second phase of amplication occurs at the graft site where
      precytotoxic (x-ray-sensitive) cells mature and expand into cytotoxic (x-ray
      resistant) cells. These cells may be important effector cells of allograft
      rejection in concert with many unsensitized cells which can participate in non
      specific attacks on graft viability. The essential point made from the studies
      summarized here is the consideration that trafficking patterns of lymphocytes and
      recruitment of lymphocytes and other inflammatory cells are in essential
      component to the local mechanism of graft rejection. The relative importance of
      specificity of response has not been defined.

PMID- 6370834
TI  - Pathogenetic studies of cardiac allograft rejection using inbred rat models.

PMID- 6370835
TI  - Stimulation of DNA synthesis and mitotic activity of chick embryo hepatocytes in
      primary culture. Effect on induction of polysubstrate monooxygenase activity.
AB  - Monolayer cultures were prepared from hepatocytes of 15 d chick embryos and
      maintained at high cell density in a chemically defined medium. In the absence of
      growth stimulatory conditions DNA synthesis was observed only during the first 10
      to 16 h of culture. Thus, after a 12 h exposure to [3H]thymidine ([3H]dThd, 4 to
      16 h) 9.1 +/- 1% (mean +/- SD, n = 4) of the hepatocyte nuclei were labeled.
      Labeled mitotic nuclei, up to late telophase, were regularly observed in these
      cultures. Beyond 16 h less than 2% labeled nuclei were found (12 h of [3H]dThd),
      which indicates that the hepatocytes entered proliferative quiescence. DNA
      synthesis of "resting" hepatocytes was stimulated by insulin and, only slightly,
      by hydrocortisone, glucagon, or fetal bovine serum. Triiodothyronine (T3), or the
      nucleoside inosine (i) did not stimulate. Combination of insulin (I) with
      hydrocortisone (H), T3 (T), or glucagon (G) resulted in a more than additive
      effect. Nearly maximal stimulation occurred with the combinations IHT and ITG.
      Labeling increased at 10 ng/ml of each component and was maximal at 1 to 10
      micrograms/ml. A lag period of 8 to 10 h after hormone administration (IHiTG, 10
      micrograms/ml) was observed before nuclear labeling increased. Within the
      subsequent 10 h a considerable proportion of the hepatocytes (up to 30% or more)
      entered DNA synthesis. Mitotic activity (with nuclei in prophase up to late
      telophase) also was stimulated. An increase of both total DNA and protein content
      was measured in several experiments. Hormonal stimulation of hepatocyte DNA
      synthesis and mitotic activity was associated with decreased beta-naphthoflavone
      mediated induction of cytochrome P450. A causal relationship between these two
      phenomena remains to be established. It is suggested that chick embryo hepatocyte
      cultures are a useful tool for studies on hepatocyte proliferation and
      differentiation.

PMID- 6370836
TI  - The accumulation of lactic acid and its influence on the growth of Plasmodium
      falciparum in synchronized cultures.
AB  - Synchronization of Plasmodium falciparum cultured in vitro results in a one-step
      growth pattern that allows the study of stage-specific metabolic activities of
      the parasites. Lactic acid (LA) was selected as a metabolic marker, and the
      concentration of this end product found in spent media was correlated with the
      different erythrocytic stages of the parasites. When the medium was changed at 12
      h intervals, cultures containing predominantly trophozoites produced 3.66 +/-
      0.55 mumol LA per 12 h per 10(7) parasitized cells (n = 26), an amount of LA that
      is about 8 to 20 times higher than that found in corresponding cultures
      containing predominantly ring forms. Depending on the stage of development,
      parasitized red blood cells produced between 5 and 100 times more LA than
      uninfected erythrocytes (3.72 +/- 0.62 mumol LA per 12 hours per 10(9) red blood
      cells) (n = 41) when cultured under identical conditions. The intraerythrocytic
      development of the parasites was not impaired by exposure to extracellular
      concentrations of LA up to 12 mM over a 12 h period. The growth resulting in such
      cultures was described as uninhibited and was characterized by a multiplication
      index of 10 or higher. Above the threshold of 12 mM of LA, progressive inhibition
      of parasite development occurred. The stage-specific LA production reported can
      be used to predict the amount of LA that will have accumulated at the end of a
      subsequent 12 h incubation period during synchronized in vitro growth of
      Plasmodium falciparum. Using these values, it is possible to establish an optimal
      medium exchange schedule, thereby assuring uninhibited growth and a
      correspondingly high parasite yield.

PMID- 6370837
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with covalently bound protein on glass
      tubes: 1. Stable antigenicity and binding of IgG as a model antigen after
      repeated use.
AB  - A modification of the ELISA procedure is described. The system is based on the
      covalent binding of protein to glass tubes. Human IgG was used as model antigen.
      Optimal conditions were tested for the removal of alkaline phosphatase-labeled
      antibodies from their antigen. Under such optimal conditions, a regenerable
      system could be created which exhibited many advantages, as compared with
      conventional ELISAs with antigens absorbed unspecifically to plastic surfaces.
      The advantages are: 1. A higher density of IgG as model antigen on the solid
      phase, i.e., 1 molecule IgG per 94 nm2 with glass tubes as compared with 110 nm2
      with polystyrene (PS) or 143 nm2 with polyvinylchloride (PVC) microtiter plates.
      2. A much smaller unspecific absorption of less than 1% as compared with 39% with
      PS-plates or 16% with PVC-plates treated under identical conditions. 3. A higher
      stability of the binding of the model antigen to the solid phase, i.e., a
      drastically reduced protein loss of less than 6% during the first ELISA procedure
      (including the regeneration) and of less than 1% during the subsequent ELISA and
      regeneration cycles with glass tubes as compared with 46% (PS plates) or 55% (PVC
      plates). 4. A smaller intraday variation coefficient of the ELISAs of 4.8% with
      glass tubes as opposed to 9.7% or 7.5% with PS or PVC plates respectively. The
      system with covalently bound antigens on glass tubes could be used in at least 20
      consecutive measuring cycles. In five consecutive cycles, a protein loss of less
      than 5% was observed and the interday variation coefficient of the ELISA reaction
      was smaller than 5% using the same tubes repeatedly. Our results indicate that
      covalent linkage of protein can improve ELISA and lead to repeatedly usable
      systems as long as the antigen is stable against the regeneration procedure. Such
      an ELISA system may be helpful with highly purified proteins.

PMID- 6370838
TI  - Immunohistological demonstration of terminal transferase (TdT) in the age
      involuted human thymus.
AB  - By using a sensitive immunoperoxidase technique, serological determinants of
      terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT, E. C. 2.7.7.31) were found in
      cortical lymphocytes of thymus biopsies of adult and aged persons (21-70 years)
      of both sexes. In contrast to biochemical determinations, specific
      immunohistological studies showed that TdT is continuously present in very large
      numbers of cortical thymic lymphocytes during human life, despite subtotal
      physiological involution of the thymus.

PMID- 6370839
TI  - Interaction of Aspergillus fumigatus spores and pulmonary alveolar macrophages of
      rabbits.
AB  - The in vitro and in vivo interaction of rabbit pulmonary alveolar macrophages
      (PAM) and Aspergillus fumigatus spores was studied. In vitro experiments showed
      that PAM from normal rabbits failed to appreciably kill A. fumigatus spores in 4
      hours, while A. flavus and A. niger spores were destroyed effectively. Prior
      opsonization of the spores with normal rabbit serum, rabbit anti-A. fumigatus
      serum, complement or lung lavage fluid has no profound enhancing effect on the
      phagocytosis or killing of the spores. Activated macrophages, however, killed
      slightly more spores than normal macrophages. When A. fumigatus spores were
      injected intratracheally into rabbits, no dissemination to organs other than the
      lungs was detected during the first hour, while dissemination to the liver,
      spleen and kidneys was observed one hour after the inoculation. Free spores in
      the bronchoalveolar washings and ingested spores in macrophages diminished in 4
      hours, while spores in the lung homogenate increased considerably.

PMID- 6370840
TI  - Immunolocalization of complement component C9 on necrotic and non-necrotic muscle
      fibres in myositis using monoclonal antibodies: a primary role of complement in
      autoimmune cell damage.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies to human complement component C9 were used to localise the
      membrane attack complex (MAC) of human complement on muscle fibres from patients
      with autoimmune myositis. A pigeon erythrocyte 'model' system was used to screen
      the available monoclonal antibodies for their ability to bind C9 after its
      insertion into the MAC. Three of the five antibodies tested were demonstrated,
      using radioiodine- or rhodamine-labelled second antibody, to bind. The antibody
      giving maximum binding in this system was used to demonstrate that MACs were
      present on histologically normal as well as on necrotic fibres in myositis. No
      binding was seen in muscle from control subjects. These results suggest a primary
      role of complement in the pathogenesis of muscle fibre necrosis in myositis.

PMID- 6370842
TI  - [T-lymphocyte populations studied with monoclonal antibodies in atopic
      dermatitis].

PMID- 6370841
TI  - Isolation and characterization of an outer membrane protein of Salmonella
      paratyphi B: a mitogen and polyclonal activator of human B lymphocytes.
AB  - Salmonella paratyphi B (S. paratyphi B) has been previously characterized as a
      human T-independent polyclonal B cell activator. To define further the nature of
      the bacterial structure responsible for these properties, we studied the effects
      of autoclaving and enzyme treatment of S. paratyphi B on its stimulatory
      capacity. We found that both autoclaving and papain treatment decreased the
      ability of S. paratyphi B to induce B cell activation, while trypsin treatment
      did not affect this capacity. Neither type of treatment affected the binding of
      S. paratyphi B to lymphocytes, suggesting that binding and B cell stimulation are
      mediated by different structures. The observation that B cell stimulation was
      significantly reduced by papain treatment led us to attempt to purify membrane
      proteins so that we could investigate whether they shared the stimulating
      capacity of S. paratyphi B. A water-insoluble, 43-45,000 mol. wt. protein, rich
      in aspartic acid, glutamine, glycine, alanine and leucine, similar in mol. wt.
      and physicochemical chemical properties to the porins of other gram negative
      bacteria, was isolated and designated as outer membrane protein (OMP). This
      protein was equally efficient to S. paratyphi B in inducing T-independent B cell
      activation. By performing time-course studies of [3H]-thymidine incorporation we
      observed a burst of mitogenic activity after stimulation of PBL or purified B
      cells with both S. paratyphi B and OMP peaking at 48-96 hr of culture (compared
      to 96-120 hr for the PWM proliferation peak), and with a magnitude of roughly 10%
      of that observed after PWM stimulation. Given the fact that the proportion of B
      lymphocytes in PBL is 4-12%, it appears likely that the proliferation burst seen
      with S. paratyphi B and OMP corresponds to a mitogenic effect mainly restricted
      to the B cell population.

PMID- 6370843
TI  - [Skin neoplasms and kidney transplantation].

PMID- 6370844
TI  - [Treponemal microhemoagglutination test. Importance of the reagents used].

PMID- 6370845
TI  - An improved method for obtaining sharp high contrast photomicrographs by
      fluorescence microscopy.

PMID- 6370846
TI  - Studies on 125I-insulin degradation by normal & diabetic monkey erythrocytes.

PMID- 6370847
TI  - Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhoea in a north Indian community.

PMID- 6370848
TI  - Klebocin types & antimicrobial resistance of clinical isolates of Klebsiella
      pneumoniae at Bombay.

PMID- 6370849
TI  - Effect of different DEC schedules on microfilaraemia & filarial antibody levels
      in bancroftian filariasis.

PMID- 6370850
TI  - Application of immunofluorescent method for diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenic
      purpura.

PMID- 6370851
TI  - Plasma insulin response to oral glucose load in hepatic cirrhosis.

PMID- 6370852
TI  - Phenotypic traits of drug resistance plasmids from human isolates of Escherichia
      coli & Salmonella typhimurium.

PMID- 6370853
TI  - Protective effect of active immunization with Escherichia coli heat labile
      enterotoxin & cholera enterotoxin.

PMID- 6370854
TI  - Detection of filarial antigen in immune complexes in bancroftian filariasis by
      ELISA.

PMID- 6370855
TI  - Bacterial contamination of oral rehydration solution prepared from well water.

PMID- 6370856
TI  - Toxicity of heavy metals (a review).

PMID- 6370857
TI  - Immunopathology of urinary stones.

PMID- 6370859
TI  - [Role and metabolism of beta 2 microglobulin].

PMID- 6370858
TI  - Clinical complications of carbohydrate intolerance.

PMID- 6370860
TI  - Biosynthetic capacity for type-specific antigen synthesis determines the
      virulence of serotype III strains of group B streptococci.
AB  - The level of type-specific antigen (that covalently associated with the cell wall
      peptidoglycan and that released extracellularly) synthesized by virulent and
      avirulent strains of type III group B streptococci was quantitated and compared.
      Additionally, the effect of the physiological age of the cells and the influence
      of the exogenous phosphate ion concentration on the level of antigen synthesis by
      these organisms were also examined. Approximately 4% of the total antigen
      synthesized by the organism is noncovalently bound to the cell surface, and the
      difference in level of the noncovalently associated type-specific antigen between
      virulent and avirulent strains was negligible. In contrast, when the cell
      associated covalently bound type antigens were evaluated, virulent strains were
      demonstrated to have two- to threefold higher levels than those of avirulent
      strains during the exponential and stationary phases of growth under various
      growth conditions. Furthermore, virulent strains that had high levels of cell
      associated type antigen also secreted more extracellular type antigen than did
      avirulent strains. Thus, the data were consistent with the hypothesis that an
      overall production of type-specific antigen correlated with virulence in mice.
      However, the cell-associated type-specific antigen probably represented a better
      indicator for virulence potential since the addition of purified extracellular
      type-specific antigen to a mutant strain that lacks cell surface type antigen did
      not alter the 50% lethality value of the organism. To account for variation in
      the level of type-specific antigen produced by these strains, the kinetics of
      both the group- and type-specific antigens synthesis was investigated at the cell
      membrane level by utilizing an intact protoplast system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6370861
TI  - Effect of saliva on coaggregation of oral Actinomyces and Streptococcus species.
AB  - Human oral actinomyces and streptococci that exhibit specific coaggregation
      patterns when the cells are suspended in buffer were tested for their ability to
      coaggregate in saliva. Of 53 paired combinations of actinomyces (Actinomyces
      viscosus, A. naeslundii, or Actinomyces sp. WVa 963) and streptococci
      (Streptococcus sanguis or S. morbillorum) that exhibited coaggregation in buffer,
      all but 4 pairs also coaggregated when suspended in saliva. Twenty-four pairs
      exhibited lactose-inhibited coaggregation in buffer: 19 of these were identical
      in saliva. The other five pairs either did not coaggregate or formed coaggregates
      that were not inhibited by lactose. Highly specific coaggregations known to occur
      with buffer-suspended cells (e.g., a streptococcal strain that coaggregates with
      a single strain of actinomyces) were unchanged when cells were suspended in
      saliva. These results indicate that the coaggregation properties of both oral
      actinomyces and streptococci are very similar with cells suspended in either
      saliva or coaggregation buffer. Thus, the potential for coaggregation among
      bacteria in the oral cavity is evident. The possible mechanisms which mediate
      coaggregation in saliva are discussed.

PMID- 6370862
TI  - Effects of staphylococcal enterotoxin A on the rat gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) was administered orally (15 micrograms) to two
      groups of rats. A marked immune reaction was evoked in the stomach and proximal
      small intestine of the first group. The second group of rats was used to study
      the absorptive fate and sites of action of orally administered SEA, utilizing
      immunoperoxidase staining. After oral dosing of the second group of rats. SEA
      related immunoperoxidase staining was confined to: (i) neutrophils and
      macrophages, principally in the duodenum, and (ii) glomerular neutrophils and
      cells of the proximal convoluted tubules. Peroxidase staining of the kidney was
      noted within 15 min of exposure, indicating that SEA or some major postabsorption
      antigenic product can promptly pass through an intact gastrointestinal mucous
      membrane and become renally localized. Intestinal and renal detoxification and
      removal was indicated by an absence of detectable antigen in rats 180 min
      postexposure. Neuronal binding of SEA in the gastrointestinal tract was not
      demonstrable.

PMID- 6370863
TI  - Class specificity of naturally acquired and vaccine-induced antibody to type III
      group B streptococcal capsular polysaccharide: determination with a
      radioimmunoprecipitin assay.
AB  - A radioimmunoprecipitin test was developed to determine the immunoglobulin class
      distribution of naturally acquired and vaccine-induced antibody to the native
      capsular polysaccharide of type III group B streptococci (III-GBS). In sera from
      adults and pregnant women with naturally acquired antibody, the mean percentage
      of antigen bound by immunoglobulin G (IgG) was 74.9 and 78.6, respectively,
      whereas antigen bound by IgM comprised less than 10% of the total. In contrast,
      early-convalescent-phase sera (mean, 16.3 days) from neonates responding to III
      GBS infection with an increase in specific antibody had significantly more IgM
      (mean, 36%; P less than 0.001, unpaired t test). However, in late convalescence,
      the immunoglobulin class distribution in sera from these neonates was similar to
      that of naturally immune adults. Four weeks after immunization with III-GBS
      polysaccharide vaccine, sera from adults with low (less than 2 micrograms/ml)
      preimmunization antibody levels in their sera and from those with moderate (mean,
      5.5 micrograms/ml) preimmunization levels contained specific antibody
      predominantly of the IgG class. Although the percentage of IgG-specific antibody
      was greater in sera from naturally immune adults than in that from vaccinees with
      a presumed primary immune response, the major portion of antigen bound by sera at
      4 weeks postimmunization (62.5%) was associated with IgG. These observations
      support the opinion that immunization of pregnant women with III-GBS capsular
      polysaccharide could be efficacious for the prevention of invasive neonatal III
      GBS disease.

PMID- 6370864
TI  - Interaction between murine natural killer cells and trypanosomes of different
      species.
AB  - The involvement of natural killer (NK) cells in the immunological resistance of
      mice to murine-specific Trypanosoma musculi was evaluated. Murine NK cells were
      found to be unable to kill or inhibit T. musculi or to protect recipients from
      infection. In addition, the ability of spleen cells from normal mice and from
      mice on day 3 of T. musculi infection, at the time of maximum NK augmentation, to
      kill Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma lewisi was evaluated. Spleen cells from
      normal mice displayed significant killing of both T. cruzi and T. lewisi.
      Furthermore, augmented spleen cells from T. musculi-infected mice were
      considerably more effective than normal spleen cells in killing both T. cruzi and
      T. lewisi. The activity of NK cells toward YAC-1 tumor target cells was inhibited
      in a dose-dependent fashion by either live T. musculi or extracts of T. musculi,
      but not by extracts of rat-specific T. lewisi. The results suggest that well
      adapted protozoan parasites may be nonsusceptible to the natural cell-mediated
      resistance mechanisms of their hosts. Their nonsusceptibility could result from
      the ability to elaborate substances that either inactivate NK cells or block NK
      cell interaction with complementary sites on the parasite surface.

PMID- 6370865
TI  - Isolation of a major cell envelope protein from Fusobacterium nucleatum.
AB  - A major, heat-modifiable cell envelope protein was identified in Fusobacterium
      nucleatum FDC 364 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
      This protein, designated HM-1, had apparent molecular weights of 38,500 and
      50,000 when heated in sodium dodecyl sulfate at 50 and 100 degrees C,
      respectively. Whole cells were labeled with 125I, and the results suggested that
      the HM-1 protein may be exposed on the bacterial surface. The HM-1 protein was
      isolated in association with the peptidoglycan by extraction of whole cells or
      cell envelopes with 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate at 55 degrees C. Heating the
      peptidoglycan-HM-1 protein complex in the detergent at 100 degrees C resulted in
      the quantitative release of the protein. Isoelectric focusing experiments and
      amino acid analysis revealed that the HM-1 protein had a basic character and was
      moderately hydrophilic. Various strains of F. nucleatum as well as three oral
      fusiform isolates contained a serologically related protein. The abundance and
      location of the HM-1 protein in F. nucleatum suggest that it has the potential to
      participate in cell surface-related interactions of this bacterium.

PMID- 6370866
TI  - Coli surface antigens 1 and 3 of colonization factor antigen II-positive
      enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli: morphology, purification, and immune responses
      in humans.
AB  - Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) of serotype O6:H16, biotype A, bearing
      colonization factor antigen II (CFA/II) possesses two distinct coli surface
      antigens, CS1 and CS3, whereas CFA/II-positive ETEC of serotype O8:H9 manifests
      only CS3. CS1 has been shown to be fimbrial in nature, but heretofore the
      morphology of CS3 has not been described. Accordingly, by immune electron
      microscopy we investigated the morphological characteristics of CS3 on bacterial
      cells and after purification. CS3 was found to consist of thin (2-nm), flexible,
      wiry, "fibrillar" fimbriae, visible both on bacteria (O6:H16, biotype A, and
      O8:H9 strains) and in the pure state. In contrast, CS1 exists as wider (6-nm),
      rigid fimbriae on the surface of O6:H16, biotype A, strains. By the use of
      antisera to CS1 and CS3 in immune electron microscopy, immunodiffusion in gel,
      and immunoblotting techniques, CS1 and CS3 were found to be immunologically as
      well as morphologically distinct. Six of nine volunteers who developed diarrhea
      after challenge with an O139:H28 ETEC strain bearing CS1 and CS3 had significant
      serological rises to purified CS1 and CS3 antigens, suggesting that both antigens
      are elaborated in vivo, play a role in pathogenesis, and stimulate an immune
      response.

PMID- 6370867
TI  - Enhanced mucosal priming by cholera toxin and procholeragenoid with a lipoidal
      amine adjuvant (avridine) delivered in liposomes.
AB  - The mucosal adjuvant activity of avridine, a synthetic lipoidal amine [N,N
      dioctadecyl-N',N'-(2-hydroxymethyl) propanediamine, previously designated CP
      20,961), was studied in rats immunized intraintestinally with cholera toxin or
      procholeragenoid. Avridine was most efficient as an adjuvant when incorporated
      into liposomes; liposomes that lacked avridine had no adjuvant effect.
      Coadministration of avridine-containing liposomes with enteric priming doses of
      cholera toxin or procholeragenoid enhanced the efficiency of priming for
      secondary mucosal anti-cholera toxin responses, i.e., the establishment of
      memory, five- to sevenfold. Avridine-containing liposomes had no significant
      effect, however, on either the primary mucosal anti-cholera toxin response, when
      given with the primary dose of antigen, or on the secondary response, when given
      with the booster dose to previously primed animals. Little or no adjuvant effect
      occurred when avridine-containing liposomes were given concurrently with antigen,
      but at a separate mucosal site or parenterally, or at the site of enteric
      immunization, but 1 day earlier or later. These results support the notion that
      adjuvants may be developed which enhance the mucosal immunogenicity of locally
      applied antigens and suggest that liposomes may be effective vehicles for
      delivery of such adjuvants.

PMID- 6370868
TI  - In vitro adhesion of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli to human intestinal
      epithelial cells from mucosal biopsies.
AB  - An adhesion assay with isolated human enterocytes prepared from duodenal biopsies
      has been developed and tested by using human enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
      expressing colonization factor antigens I and II (CFA/I and CFA/II) and type 1
      fimbriae. Enterotoxigenic E. coli strains H10407 (CFA/I) and B2C (CFA/II) bound
      to duodenal enterocytes to a much greater extent (mean of 4.6 and 4.0 bacteria
      per brush border) than did strain H10407P, a CFA/I- mutant of H10407 (mean of 0.1
      bacteria per brush border). Type 1 fimbriae also promoted adhesion of strain
      H10407P to duodenal enterocytes but attachment was to basolateral rather than
      brush border surfaces. CFA/I and CFA/II, on the other hand, promoted adhesion
      only to human enterocyte brush borders.

PMID- 6370870
TI  - [Reaction of an adult recipient to the stress of a bone marrow graft].

PMID- 6370869
TI  - Heat shock and heat stroke proteins observed during germination of the
      blastoconidia of Candida albicans.
AB  - Cytoplasmic proteins extracted from germinating yeast cells of Candida albicans
      were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis.
      Similar extracts from a recently isolated nongerminating variant were compared
      with those from the parent. Five proteins (18, 22, 40, 68, and 70 kilodaltons
      [kd]) behaved as heat-shock proteins in that they appeared or were greatly
      increased in amount within 20 min of a temperature shift from 23 to 37 degrees C.
      Three of the five (40, 68, and 70 kd) were undetected in cells incubated at 23
      degrees C, appeared within 20 min of temperature shift, and were no longer
      detected after 120 min at 37 degrees C, whereas two of the five (18 and 22 kd)
      were present in small amounts at 23 degrees C, increased greatly after shift, and
      persisted for 120 min at the elevated temperature. Two temperature-repressed
      (heat-stroke) proteins (30 and 88 kd) were also observed. The same heat-shock and
      heat-stroke proteins were also found in the nongerminating variant. The
      differences in proteins expressed by blastoconidia and by germlings appeared to
      be related to the heat-shock response.

PMID- 6370871
TI  - Lack of mutagenic activity of white spirit.
AB  - The mutagenic potential of white spirit, a typical mixture of primarily aliphatic
      hydrocarbons used as a solvent, was investigated using a battery of test systems.
      The ability of this compound to induce gene mutations was assayed by the Ames'
      test with different strains of Salmonella typhimurium; its potential
      clastogenicity was tested in vivo on mouse bone marrow cells; in vitro induction
      of sister chromatid exchanges was studied in human lymphocytes. Negative results
      were obtained in all test systems. It is concluded that, in spite of its evident
      toxicity, white spirit does not display mutagenic properties.

PMID- 6370872
TI  - A new approach in the hormonal treatment of prostate cancer: complete instead of
      partial blockade of androgens.

PMID- 6370873
TI  - The in vitro sperm penetration test: a review.

PMID- 6370874
TI  - Effects of timolol on blood pressure, systemic hemodynamics, plasma renin
      activity, and glomerular filtration rate in patients with essential hypertension.
AB  - Timolol, a non-cardioselective beta-blocking agent, was administered orally after
      2 weeks of placebo to 14 patients with essential hypertension for 8 weeks
      following 1-4 weeks of dose-ranging period. Patients were first hospitalized and
      submitted to a diagnostic workup. They were placed on a diet containing 100 mEq
      of Na+ and 65 mEq of K+; this regimen was also prescribed during outpatient
      treatment. The changes in blood pressure, systemic hemodynamics, plasma renin
      activity, urine aldosterone, and glomerular filtration rate were evaluated. A
      significant and stable decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure
      associated with a fall in cardiac output (-21%), heart rate (-17%), plasma renin
      activity, and urine aldosterone were observed. The blood pressure lowering effect
      was unrelated to the decrease in cardiac output and plasma renin activity.
      Glomerular filtration rate was unchanged. No important side effects were observed
      during the treatment.

PMID- 6370875
TI  - Use of ceftazidime in the treatment of severe localized and systemic infections.
AB  - The efficacy of ceftazidime, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin, active also
      against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was tested in 19 patients suffering from severe,
      nonpulmonary localized or systemic infections, which were associated for the most
      part with concurrent diseases that often had already been unsuccessfully treated
      with other antibiotics. The treatment varied from 0.5 to 2 g three times daily by
      the intramuscular or intravenous routes for a minimum of 6 to a maximum of 16
      days. Most of the microorganisms isolated were gram-negative (82.6%). Ceftazidime
      treatment proved efficacious in 17 of 19 cases (89.4%). No toxic effects were
      observed on hepatic, renal, and hematologic functions. Only in one case did a
      transient skin rash appear, which did not necessitate discontinuance of the
      treatment.

PMID- 6370876
TI  - Long-term efficacy and tolerance of the antihypertensive agent guanfacine.
AB  - The therapeutic efficacy and tolerance of guanfacine after 5-7 years' continuous
      treatment was investigated in 54 patients (30 females and 24 males) who were part
      of the 580 hypertensives originally participating in a 1-year clinical study
      reported previously. Only 41% of the patients were treated with guanfacine alone
      (mean daily dose, 2.2 mg), whereas 59% received combined drug therapy (mean daily
      dose of guanfacine, 5.7 mg). The results on efficacy and dosage after 5-7 years
      were identical with those obtained for the entire group after 1 year (n = 580)
      and 2 years (n = 162). The blood pressure of these patients was reduced from
      pretreatment values of 186/112 +/- 12/11 mmHg to 149/93 +/- 14/19 mmHg at the
      final examination. Thirty-four of the patients (63%) had normalized blood
      pressure. Six patients (11%), all of whom had been on combined therapy,
      complained of dryness of the mouth. Practically no other side effects and no drug
      interactions were observed, nor were there any signs of pharmacologic resistance.

PMID- 6370877
TI  - Hospital bed planning in Canada: a survey analysis.
AB  - The need to plan health and especially hospital care delivery systems is becoming
      more critical in this period of severe financial constraints and even cutbacks of
      services. This article reports on a survey of hospital planning norms and bed
      requirements methodologies in Canada conducted in 1977 and 1980. The comparison
      and assessment of approaches to bed need determination in the Canadian provinces,
      together with some recommendations, are preceded by a review of basic hospital
      planning methods and their use in a number of selected countries. The literature
      review and the analysis conducted reveal that the "formula method" (beds per 1000
      population) is the most common approach used to define and to allocate the
      "optimum" number of beds in the countries reviewed and in Canada. Despite its
      shortcomings, this method appears to have many advantages (e.g., simplicity,
      equity, flexibility). In general, provincial authorities use similar factors in
      the calculation of the number of beds to be provided, the most important ones
      being the size of the projected geographic population or population served by age
      groups. The acute care bed guidelines in Canada range from 3.5 per 1000
      population in southern Ontario to 5.0 in Saskatchewan and Alberta. Extended care
      bed guidelines are much more spread between provinces. The analysis underlines
      the difficulties faced by the planner and the researcher in comparing bed
      guidelines due to significant definition and content differences between
      provinces. It finally leads to the observation that hospital planning remains
      arbitrary and appears to be more designed to ration the supply of services and to
      contain overall expenditures than to really try to meet the "need" of the
      population for hospital services.

PMID- 6370878
TI  - A comparative view of the relationship between the business cycle and mortality,
      1871-1900.
AB  - This article compares two views on the relationship between the business cycle
      and mortality for the years 1871-1900. First, the views of Robert Higgs, a
      prominent mainstream economic historian, of the working and living conditions of
      this period are examined so that we may trace the reasons for his dependence on
      immigrants and the germs they bring with them as explanations for the procyclical
      relationship between mortality and short-term economic growth. This explanation
      is then criticized by re-examining the working and living conditions of this
      period and by linking these conditions to a disease theory that does not depend
      on exogenous forces to explain mortality patterns but rather one that focuses on
      historically specific political and economic processes and decisions.

PMID- 6370879
TI  - Economic crisis and health policy in the Netherlands.
AB  - Beginning with a brief historical overview of health policy in the Netherlands
      from 1945-1960 (a period of restoration of the capitalist economy after World War
      II) until 1960-1970 (a period of capitalist expansion), this paper discusses the
      health policy of the Dutch state under the present conditions of economic crisis.
      The main characteristics of this policy are growing state intervention,
      reorganization of the decision-making process, deinstitutionalization of health
      care, a laissez-faire policy with regard to services in the so-called first
      echelon of the health sector, reprivatization of health costs, and an ideological
      emphasis on individual responsibility for health and self-care. The paper
      concludes with a discussion of the various strategies proposed for the health
      sector by the Left and the connection between prevention and social struggle.

PMID- 6370880
TI  - Symbolic solutions for deadly dilemmas: an analysis of federal coal mine health
      and safety legislation.
AB  - Numerous studies of coal mine laws have argued that the passage of all
      significant health and safety legislation can be attributed to a succession of
      catastrophic disasters which heightened awareness and propelled lawmakers into
      action. This paper takes issue with this "disaster-law" argument because it
      obscures the intricacies of law creation by focusing on a single factor. More
      accurately, mining disasters represent one dimension of a process aimed at
      resolving conflicts occurring within a specific social context. Historically,
      legislation has been utilized to avert economic crises by addressing the demands
      of protesting miners. Unfortunately, while the "written law" assured
      improvements, the "law in action" did not meet these guarantees and the deaths in
      the mines continued. A case study of the Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969
      demonstrates how a law with apparently progressive standards can fail to effect
      change because of its dualistic nature and incomplete implementation.

PMID- 6370881
TI  - A comparison of alternate day and daily steroid therapy in children following
      renal transplantation.
AB  - The effects of switching from daily steroid therapy (DST) to alternate day
      steroids (ADST) was reviewed in 28 children following kidney transplantation.
      Fifteen of the 28 children could be pair matched for age, sex, height and weight
      at transplant, time after transplant and renal function with children on DST. We
      found that catch-up growth occurred in children less than 10 years of age on low
      dose DST in the first 1 or 2 years post-transplant as long as major growth
      retarding factors such as renal failure or nephrosis were absent. Switching to
      ADST resulted in a significant increase in growth velocity in the second year on
      ADST compared to the parallel time in the matched pairs on DST. However, no
      significant increase occurred in the first year on ADST and for the total period
      of ADST which averaged 3.2 years. There was a similar risk of acute rejection
      episodes and rising serum creatinine levels in the matched ADST groups. However,
      late episodes of violent acute rejection leading to rapid graft loss were seen
      only in the ADST group, as long as 6 years post-transplant. Thus, ADST compared
      to low dose DST offers little growth advantage and, perhaps, this therapy should
      be reserved for children growing poorly after transplant.

PMID- 6370882
TI  - The role of prostaglandins in Bartter's syndrome.
AB  - In two children with Bartter's syndrome, treatment with indomethacin halved the
      urinary excretion of prostaglandins E and F within 24 hours and subsequently
      maintained it within the normal range during follow-up for more than 5 years.
      Growth rate was improved and plasma renin and aldosterone and the urinary
      excretions of sodium and calcium fell to normal. Both children continued to lose
      excessive quantities of potassium in the urine. The results provide further
      evidence that over-production of prostaglandins is not the primary cause of
      Bartter's syndrome.

PMID- 6370883
TI  - Clinical features and glomerular immunofluorescence of renal biopsies from
      children with nephrotic syndrome due to minimal change disease and two variants
      of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis.
AB  - Response to initial course of prednisone and clinical outcome were reviewed in 82
      children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) due to minimal change disease (MCD) and 2
      variants of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MesPGN). Renal biopsies
      in Type I MesPGN showed only increased mesangial cells and matrix, whereas those
      in Type II MesPGN also showed interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, global
      glomerulosclerosis and hyalinosis. Response to prednisone was complete in most
      cases (95% in MCD, 82% in Type I and 72% in Type II MesPGN). Remission of NS for
      more than 1 year while off prednisone occurred in 91% of patients with Type I
      MesPGN and 49% with MCD, but in only 14% with Type II MesPGN. The influence of
      immunoglobulins +/- complement in mesangial regions of glomeruli on initial
      response and outcome was assessed. Response to prednisone and outcome did not
      differ in IMF-positive and -negative MCD or in Type I and Type II MesPGN.

PMID- 6370884
TI  - Acute and temporary inhibition of thymidine kinase in mouse bone marrow cells
      after low-dose exposure.
AB  - Low-dose whole-body exposure of mice to less than 0.01 Gy gamma-rays causes
      inhibition of incorporation of thymidine or 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine into DNA of
      bone-marrow cells in vitro; the effect is maximal in cells at 4 hours after
      exposure and then subsides within about 10 hours. This is due to the inhibition
      of cellular thymidine kinase, which gradually develops to a maximum at 4 hours
      after exposure and again subsides within the next 10 hours. This inhibition
      involves only 35 per cent of the entire cellular enzyme activity and, analogous
      to the depression of thymidine incorporation into the cells, is only seen when
      the cells are collected into medium that is buffered to 7.2-7.4 and contains
      about 1350 mg NaHCO3 per litre. Addition of NaHCO3 to the cell homogenate or to
      the high speed supernatant containing the enzyme, but not to intact cells, failed
      to produce enzyme inhibition. There is also no depression of 5-iodo-2
      deoxyuridine uptake into the intact cells in vitro when the mice are irradiated
      either shortly before or after i.v. injection of 0.02 mg of procain chloride. The
      reversibility of the effect in vivo and in vitro suggests a particular enzyme
      control mechanism that may be non-specifically triggered by intracellular
      charges, such as peroxides, and may enhance repair.

PMID- 6370885
TI  - Induction of lethal damage in E. coli by Cerenkov emission associated with high
      energy X-rays: the effect of bromouracil substitution.
AB  - 5.1. The damages induced in E. coli AB2487 recA by Cerenkov emission and ionizing
      radiation contribute in an additive fashion to the overall lethality, and do not
      interact in a synergistic fashion. 5.2. BU substitution enhances the lethal
      action of high energy X-irradiation on E. coli AB2487 recA by a mechanism
      involving enhanced radiosensitivity and enhanced photosensitivity.

PMID- 6370886
TI  - Immunohistological observations on the spleen B lymphocyte populations from whole
      body irradiated rats.
AB  - The effects of a single exposure to caesium gamma rays administered to rats at
      high dose rate have been observed on their spleen B lymphocyte populations. These
      effects increase with the dose as well as with the time, at least within the
      following ranges of experimental conditions: from 0 to 12 Gy and observation
      times of 1 and 3 days after irradiation. Doses less than or equal to 1.50 Gy lead
      to only a slight reduction of the B lymphocyte populations. On the contrary,
      doses equal to or greater than 3.50 Gy are extremely destructive for the spleen B
      lymphocytes. The non-circulating B lymphocyte population of the marginal zone
      compartment seems more susceptible to ionizing radiations than the circulating B
      lymphocyte population of the follicular compartment.

PMID- 6370887
TI  - Error-free uvr+-dependent inducible DNA repair in Escherichia coli B/r Hcr+
      cells.
AB  - The frequency of suppressor (tryptophan reversions) and of true (streptomycin
      resistant and dependent) mutations has been followed in E. coli cells irradiated
      with a single dose or two separate doses of ultraviolet (U.V.) radiation. Under
      these conditions dimers were efficiently excised after a single dose, while about
      40 per cent of the dimers remained unexcised after two doses. Although the level
      of unexcised dimers in the latter case increased proportionally with the second
      U.V. dose, the mutation frequency increased by 1.5-2-fold, but did not continue
      to increase with the level of unexcised dimers. A comparison of excision
      proficient and excision-deficient cells containing similar amounts of persisting
      dimers has shown that proficient cells can tolerate a high level of dimers
      without an adequate increase in mutation frequency. Our results suggest the
      existence of an error-free uvr+-dependent inducible repair in E. coli B/r Hcr+
      cells.

PMID- 6370888
TI  - beta 2-Microglobulin and other low molecular weight proteins in haemodiafiltrates
      and in haemofiltrates.
AB  - Uraemic patients underwent haemodialysis by cuprophan membrane, or
      haemodiafiltration by polyacrylonitrile membrane, or haemofiltration by acetate
      cellulose membrane. Plasma samples drawn before and after treatment with the
      dialyser were gel-filtered on Sephadex G-75. A comparison of the chromatograms
      showed that the treatment causes a removal of middle molecules, which is more
      consistent when haemodiafiltration and haemofiltration are used. Protein removal
      was examined in the fluids from the three dialysers. It was observed that
      proteins (300 +/- 45 mg and 410 +/- 60 mg respectively) were removed when
      polyacrylonitrile and acetate cellulose membranes were used, but not in the case
      of cuprophan membrane. beta 2-Microglobulin was the protein lost in the greatest
      amount.

PMID- 6370889
TI  - Membrane heterogeneity in the mammalian spermatozoon.

PMID- 6370890
TI  - The muscle satellite cell: a review.
AB  - Since the first reports of satellite cells in 1961, considerable knowledge has
      accumulated concerning their phylogenetic distribution and their location,
      morphology, and function. There is no doubt that satellite cells are capable of
      undergoing mitosis and that they have considerable motility. These cells function
      as the progenitors of the myofiber nuclei that must be added during normal
      (postnatal) growth of muscle. In muscle undergoing or attempting to undergo
      regeneration, the satellite cell functions as a myogenic stem cell to produce
      myoblasts that line up and fuse within the scaffolding of the remnant basal
      lamina or migrate into the interstitium to produce neofibers . A number of
      problems remain to be solved concerning the regulation of satellite cell
      function. At this time it is equivocable whether or not the presumptive myoblast
      and the satellite cell are functionally identical and at the same stage of
      myogenic differentiation. Apparently there is species variation in terms of the
      ability of myotubes from embryonic myogenic cells and satellite cells to
      synthesize protein. The mechanism(s) by which a wide variety of stimuli activate
      satellite cells is not known, nor is the mechanism(s) by which satellite cells
      become inactive during the latter stages of growth and adulthood known. Mitogenic
      factors are present in damaged muscle; but the specific characteristics of these
      factors and their mechanism of activation are also unknown. Hormones are
      certainly involved in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of
      myogenic cells, but whether presumptive myoblasts and satellite cells or their
      myotubes respond similarly to hormones in culture has not been adequately
      examined. Greater understanding of these mechanisms will increase the possibility
      of total muscle recovery from severe injury or disease. Such knowledge would also
      have particular application to the production of meat animals and to a greater
      understanding of the growth process in general.

PMID- 6370891
TI  - Cytology of the secretion in mammalian sweat glands.

PMID- 6370892
TI  - [Morphology and formal genesis of immunologic diseases].

PMID- 6370893
TI  - [Diagnosis of collagen diseases. Clinical and immunological guiding symptoms].

PMID- 6370895
TI  - [Clinico-toxicological analysis of acute somnifacient drug poisoning].

PMID- 6370894
TI  - [Immunosuppressive therapy].

PMID- 6370896
TI  - [Torsades de pointes and ventricular flutter].

PMID- 6370897
TI  - [Viral myocarditis: symptomatology, clinical diagnosis and hemodynamics].

PMID- 6370898
TI  - [Pericarditis: clinical course, hemodynamics and differential diagnostic
      problems].

PMID- 6370899
TI  - [Humoral immunologic effector mechanisms in perimyocarditis].

PMID- 6370900
TI  - [Bacterial carditis: clinical course, therapy and prognosis].

PMID- 6370901
TI  - [Bacterial carditis: indications for surgery and results].

PMID- 6370902
TI  - [Hypereosinophilia with endomyocardial fibrosis and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (chronic
      lymphatic type B leukemia) in a 48-year-old patient].

PMID- 6370903
TI  - On the Ia immunogenicity of mouse corneal allografts infiltrated with Langerhans
      cells.
AB  - Langerhans cells were induced to infiltrate the corneal epithelium of mice by
      pretreating the surface of the cornea with dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). Treated
      corneas then were used in heterotopic grafting experiments to determine their Ia
      immunogenicity. It was found that Langerhans cell containing cornea grafts
      sensitized their recipients to the Ia alloantigens of the donors. Moreover,
      corneas infiltrated with Langerhans cells were rejected at heterotopic sites by
      recipients presensitized to the Ia alloantigens of the graft donor. These results
      demonstrate that corneas, which normally lack both Langerhans cells and Ia
      antigen expressing cells, can have their Ia immunogenicity restored if Langerhans
      cells are induced to infiltrate the epithelium. The implications of these results
      for improving the success of clinical, orthotopic, corneal allografts are
      discussed.

PMID- 6370904
TI  - The distribution of HLA antigens on human corneal tissue.
AB  - Frozen sections of human corneas, as well as cultured cells derived from the
      epithelial, stromal, and endothelial layers, were examined for class I (HLA-A, B,
      C) and class II (HLA-DR) histocompatibility antigens using mouse monoclonal
      antibodies in an indirect immunofluorescence assay. On frozen sections, class I
      antigens were readily detected on corneal epithelium and keratocytes. Class I
      antigens were not detected on endothelial cells on frozen sections of adult
      corneas, but were identified on endothelial cells from some individuals less than
      2 years of age. Class II antigens were not detected on corneal epithelial,
      stromal or endothelial cells on frozen sections. However, HLA-DR-positive
      dendritic cells were seen in corneal epithelium and were more numerous near the
      limbus. HLA-DR was expressed by cuboidal cells in the basal layer of conjunctival
      epithelium from several infants. Cultured cells derived from corneal epithelium,
      stroma, and endothelium consistently expressed class I but not class II antigens.

PMID- 6370905
TI  - Drugs and pregnancy.

PMID- 6370906
TI  - Biographical sketches No. 37--Mendel.

PMID- 6370907
TI  - The diagnosis of thymoma in myasthenia gravis.
AB  - Between 10 and 15 per cent of patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) have a
      thymoma. We have evaluated the possibility of detecting such tumours on the basis
      of clinical features, radiological findings and immunological tests in a group of
      70 MG patients. The mean age at onset of myasthenic symptoms was 67.6 years in
      the thymoma group and 33.8 years in the non-thymoma group. Otherwise, the
      clinical picture was similar. Radiological examination revealed a mediastinal
      mass in 2 patients. Six of the 70 MG sera contained antibodies to a citric acid
      (CA) extract of striated muscle. At thymectomy, a thymoma was found in these 6
      patients. None of the remaining 64 patients had evidence of a thymoma. Antibodies
      to AChR were detected in 52 of the 70 MG sera. There was no relation between
      titres of AChR and CA antibodies. Three out of 5 sera from non-MG patients with a
      thymoma contained CA antibodies. Apparently, this assay is a valuable technique
      for the identification of a thymoma at an early stage.

PMID- 6370909
TI  - Acute hypokalemic myopathy due to chronic licorice ingestion: report of a case.
AB  - A 35-year-old man, who had been ingesting one or two bags of tablets of pure
      licorice daily (20-40 g/day) for about two years, developed an acute myopathy
      with high levels of serum muscle enzymes and the typical features of
      mineralocorticoid excess: serious hypokalemia, hypertension, metabolic alkalosis.
      Both plasma renin and serum aldosterone were below the normal values.
      Ultrastructural study of muscle showed only minor, aspecific changes.
      Glycyrrhizinic acid, a steroid-like glycoside contained in natural licorice, has
      a well-known mineralocorticoid activity but severe potassium depletion and
      rhabdomyolysis due to chronic licorice ingestion have rarely been reported. This
      case further indicates that such a possibility is to be considered in the
      differential diagnosis of a patient admitted because of acute flaccid
      tetraparesis and hypokalemia.

PMID- 6370910
TI  - The case of Baby Jane Doe. 1. Spina bifida: the state of the art of medical
      management.

PMID- 6370908
TI  - Thymectomy in myasthenia gravis. A review.
AB  - The role of thymectomy in the management of myasthenia gravis is reviewed in the
      light of the published data and of a personal series. The patients in whom the
      operation is most successful are non thymomatous patients aged between 10 and 40
      years with an MG history of less than 3 years. There is no sex prevalence.
      Lasting improvement may be expected. There are no proven correlations between
      biological indices like the germinal centers in the thymus and/or AChR antibody
      titers and the postoperative course of the disease. Complete removal of the
      thymus seems to be crucial and hence the transsternal approach is preferred. The
      operation, less effective in patients with thymoma than in those with an active
      thymus, is nonetheless necessary to in these patients prevent putative damage to
      surrounding organs from thymoma infiltration. Why thymectomy should be effective
      in patients with an active thymus and not in those with a thymoma may be revealed
      by in vitro studies of the interactions between thymic cells and peripheral B
      cells, now in progress.

PMID- 6370911
TI  - Menstrual migraine headache: results of a controlled, experimental, outcome study
      of non-drug treatments.

PMID- 6370912
TI  - Technical aspects of the thermodilution method for measuring cardiac output.

PMID- 6370913
TI  - Streptokinase therapy in acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6370914
TI  - Medical and nursing implications of high-frequency jet ventilation.

PMID- 6370915
TI  - Creating health for a new age.

PMID- 6370916
TI  - Levels of certain intermediary enzymes in gentamicin production by Micromonospora
      purpurea.

PMID- 6370917
TI  - Antibiotics literature index-a select bibliography.

PMID- 6370918
TI  - Localization of tubulin structures in the course of amphibian germinal vesicle
      maturation.

PMID- 6370919
TI  - Immunohistochemical examinations of rheumatoid granulomas.

PMID- 6370920
TI  - Hepatitis B core antigen on endplates and cross-striations of skeletal muscle in
      'lupoid' hepatitis.

PMID- 6370921
TI  - Lysosomal proteases in the normal and atherosclerotic arterial wall.

PMID- 6370922
TI  - Quantitative histological and electron microscopical investigations of endocrine
      organs of sand rats (Psammomys obesus) during the development of diabetes
      mellitus.

PMID- 6370923
TI  - Binding of the cortical granule lectin to the jelly envelope in mature perch ova.

PMID- 6370924
TI  - An immunofluorescence study on the occurrence of endogenous lectins in the
      differentiating oocytes of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Valenc.) and
      tench (Tinca tinca L.).

PMID- 6370925
TI  - Biogenesis of the cortical granules in fish oocyte.

PMID- 6370926
TI  - An immunocytochemical study of the binding of lectins in the developing brain in
      situ.

PMID- 6370927
TI  - Localization of DPP IV in sensory corpuscles by means of light and electron
      microscope.

PMID- 6370929
TI  - Alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in human kidney and urine, immunohistochemical,
      immunological and biochemical characterization.
AB  - Human kidney contains two antigenetically distinct isoenzymes of alkaline
      phosphatase (AP): a liver type and an intestinal type. The intestinal type AP is
      a minor component (1%-4%) of the total AP activity: it is found only in the
      cytoplasm. Both isoenzymes are located, found by an immunohistochemical
      technique, in the proximal convoluted tubules. This histochemical result
      eliminates the possibility that the low intestinal AP content in the kidney might
      only originate from blood vessels, where the intestinal isoenzyme was also found.
      The renal isoenzymes contribute to urinary AP. Intestinal type AP in urine of
      healthy persons, 10%-40% of the total AP activity, was found after high speed
      centrifugation predominantly in the supernatant (100,000 g), the liver type
      mainly in the sediment. Biochemical characterization revealed that intestinal
      type AP in kidney and urine are identical and differ from the isoenzyme of
      intestinal mucosa only slightly in their electrophoretic mobility.

PMID- 6370928
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of atrial natriuretic factor in the heart and
      salivary glands.
AB  - Antibodies produced in the mouse by repeated intraperitoneal injections of partly
      purified atrial natriuretic factor (low molecular weight peptide (LMWP) and high
      molecular weight peptide (HMWP)) have been used to localize these factors by
      immunohistochemistry (immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase method) and by
      immunocytochemistry (protein A-gold technique) in the heart of rats and of a
      variety of animal species including man and in the rat salivary glands.
      Immunofluorescence and the immunoperoxidase method gave identical results; in the
      rat, atrial cardiocytes gave a positive reaction at both nuclear poles while
      ventricular cardiocytes were consistently negative. The cardiocytes of the right
      atrial appendage were more intensely reactive than those localized in the left
      appendage. A decreasing gradient of intensity was observed from the
      subpericardial to the subendocardial cardiocytes. The cardiocytes of the
      interatrial septum were only lightly granulated. Sodium deficiency and thirst
      (deprivation of drinking water for 5 days) produced, as already shown at the
      ultrastructural level, a marked increase in the reactivity of all cardiocytes
      from both atria with the same gradient of intensity as in control animals. Cross
      reactivity of intragranular peptides with the rat antibodies allowed
      visualization of specific granules in a variety of animal species (mouse, guinea
      pig, rabbit, rat, dog) and in human atrial appendages. No reaction could be
      elicited in the frog atrium and ventricle although, in this species, specific
      granules have been shown to be present by electron microscopy in all cardiac
      chambers. With the protein A-gold technique, at the ultrastructural level, single
      labeling (use of one antibody on one face of a fine section) or double labeling
      (use of two antibodies on the two faces of a fine section) showed that the two
      peptides are localized simultaneously in all three types (A, B and D) of specific
      granules. In the rat salivary glands, immunofluorescence and the immunoperoxidase
      method showed reactivity exclusively in the acinar cells. The reaction was most
      intense in the acinar cells of the parotid gland. In the sublingual gland, only
      the serous cells, sometimes forming abortive "demi-lunes", were reactive. In the
      submaxillary gland, the reaction was weaker and distributed seemingly haphazardly
      in the gland. The most constantly reactive cells were localized near the capsule
      while many cells did not contain visible reaction product.

PMID- 6370930
TI  - Lectin target cells in human central nervous system and the pituitary gland.
AB  - Peanut lectin (PNL), Concanavalin A (Con A) and Ulex europaeus lectin I (Ulex)
      were chosen to map their binding sites in different regions of formalin fixed and
      paraffin embedded human central nervous system tissue and pituitary gland
      tissues. An extended PaP method was used for PNL and Ulex, whereas a direct
      peroxidase technique was employed for Con A. In astrocytes, the cytoplasm as well
      as the delicate processes were stained by PNL and Con A; the most conspicuous
      binding of PNL was seen in the ependymal cells and on the surface of plexus
      epithelial cells; in the anterior part of the pituitary gland a selective
      population was PNL positive. Intracytoplasmic Con A acceptors could be
      demonstrated in neurons, in ependymal cells, and in plexus epithelial cells.
      Intracytoplasmic Con A receptors were finely granular in astrocytes,
      oligodendrocytes, and in some cells in the pituitary gland. Ulex binding was
      restricted to the vascular endothelial cells and a selective population of cells
      in the pituitary gland. Our results suggest that lectins may be good tools for
      the evaluation of their respective target cells in the central nervous system and
      in the pituitary gland.

PMID- 6370931
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of a renal glycoprotein (gpCDI) synthesized by
      cultured collecting duct cells.
AB  - A sulfated, proline-rich glycoprotein (gpCDI, apparent molecular weight 200,000
      in column chromatography and 150,000 in SDS-PAGE) was isolated from cultured
      renal collecting duct epithelium by centrifugation. Triton X100 extraction and
      DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography. A DEAE-cellulose ion exchange
      chromatography fraction with the enriched gpCDI was used for immunization of
      guinea pigs. The antiserum was prepared for antigen localization by indirect
      immunofluorescence in collecting duct cell cultures and in tissue sections of
      neonatal and adult rabbit kidneys. In the cultured collecting duct epithelium,
      antibody staining of the epithelium and structures of the extracellular matrix
      was age dependent. Cultures of dedifferentiated collecting duct monolayers
      revealed positive reaction in the cytoplasm. In neonatal and adult rabbit
      kidneys, the antibody was localized in the entire collecting duct system but not
      in the collecting duct ampullae of the newborn kidney. Staining of the cytoplasm
      was found only in medullary collecting ducts of the neonatal kidney; other
      portions revealed staining mostly at the basal circumference of the tubule and at
      the luminal cell borders. Apart from collecting ducts, no other tubular segments
      were reactive. The cortical and the medullary interstitium contained fluorescent
      fibres which were concentrated around vascular structures. A possible relation
      between gpCDI and collagenous compounds is discussed. Bowman's capsule reacted
      positively, whereas staining of the mesangial matrix was weak. The localization
      of the antigen, as revealed by indirect immunofluorescence, suggests that gpCDI
      occurs both in intracellular and extracellular (interstitial) location. Two main
      points are emphasized: Firstly gpCDI is considered an important constituent in
      different stages of collecting duct development, and secondly, the staining
      pattern of the antibody varies with the different portions of both young and
      adult kidney collecting ducts; this staining heterogeneity may correspond with
      the known regional differences of collecting duct functions.

PMID- 6370932
TI  - Immunocytochemical investigation of the gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP)
      neurohormonal peptides in the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract of the dogfish
      Squalus acanthias.
AB  - The pancreas and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of adults and of an embryonic stage
      of 11 cm long (about half the length of newborn fish) of the spiny dogfish,
      Squalus acanthias, were investigated immunocytochemically for the occurrence of
      the gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) neurohormonal peptides. In the pancreas of
      adult forms 5 endocrine cell types were seen, namely insulin-, somatostatin-,
      glucagon-, pancreatic polypeptide (PP)- and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)
      immunoreactive cells. These cell types form scattered islets and were seen
      sometimes to surround small ducts. GIP-immunoreactivity cells did not occur in
      glucagon-containing cells. In the mucosa of GIT of adults 18 endocrine cell types
      were observed, viz. insulin-, somatostatin-, glucagon-, glicentin, PP-,
      polypeptide YY (PYY)-, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-, GIP-, gastrin C
      terminus, CCK-, neurotensin N-terminus-, bombesin/gastrin releasing peptide (GRP)
      , substance P-, enkephalin-, alpha-endorphin, beta-endorphin-, serotonin- and
      calcitonin immunoreactive cells. These cells occurred mostly in the intestine.
      All these cell types were of the open type, except glucagon- and glicentin
      immunoreactive cells in the stomach, which seemed to be of the closed type. In
      the muscle layers and the submucosa, VIP and substance P- immunoreactive nerves
      and neurons were observed. In the pancreas of the dogfish embryo only 3 endocrine
      cell types could be demonstrated, namely insulin-, somatostatin- and glucagon
      immunoreactive cells. In the mucosa of the GIT of the embryos studied 12
      endocrine cell types were detected, viz. insulin-, somatostatin-, glucagon-, PP-,
      PYY-, VIP, GIP, gastrin C-terminus-, CCK-, neurotensin N-terminus-, enkephalin-
      and serotonin immunoreactive cells. The number of these cells, except that of PYY
      immunoreactive cells, was lower than that of adults and in some cases their
      distribution did not correspond with that of adults.

PMID- 6370933
TI  - Toilet training the child with neurogenic impairment of bowel and bladder
      function.

PMID- 6370934
TI  - Hypnosis and suggestion in a century of psychotherapy: an epistemological
      assessment.
AB  - From 1882 to 1982, a century of psychotherapy passed. Its inception was marked by
      the rehabilitation of hypnosis in the work of Charcot at the Salepetriere, and in
      the Nancy School (Liebeault and Bernheim). The young Freud became acquainted with
      this work in the course of his visits to France at this same period. It was thus
      that he was put on the track leading to the discovery of psychoanalysis. With the
      concept of transference, Freud thought he was reabsorbing suggestion and placing
      affect under the control of cognition. But today it is realized that suggestion
      (direct and indirect) is ever-present in psychoanalysis, as in other
      psychotherapies, which indeed do not cease to proliferate. This common element
      might be an important constituent of the curative process. Under these
      circumstances, it seems highly desirable that suggestion and hypnosis, those
      "crossroad" concepts which still remain so mysterious, become the subject of
      basic research, notwithstanding the prejudices that are still very much alive.
      The results of such research would prove beneficial to psychotherapy, as well as
      to the other human sciences.

PMID- 6370935
TI  - Three stages of dreaming: a clinical study of Henry Miller's Dream Book.

PMID- 6370936
TI  - Treatment procedures using hypnosis in smoking cessation programs: a review of
      the literature.

PMID- 6370937
TI  - Functional illness and the status of psychosomatic concepts in nineteenth century
      medicine.

PMID- 6370938
TI  - Swine erysipelas--a review of prevalence and research.

PMID- 6370939
TI  - Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in two dogs with acute diarrhea.

PMID- 6370940
TI  - Development of indices of effectiveness: a quantification of the accrediting
      process.
AB  - Two indices of effectiveness are described, one of instructional effectiveness
      and one of administrative effectiveness. Originally, 97 effectiveness measures
      were obtained from criteria published by national health professional
      organizations and other accrediting bodies. The Delphi survey process was used to
      analyze, refine, weight, and select 19 measures of instructional effectiveness
      and 15 measures of administrative effectiveness. A second article (May 1984)
      describes the operationalization and quantification of the selected measures and
      their application to 25 allied health departments in Texas junior and community
      colleges.

PMID- 6370941
TI  - The meaning of sperm capacitation. A historical perspective.
AB  - It should be recalled that sperm capacitation was originally defined in 1952 as
      some physiological changes of the spermatozoa in the female genital tract before
      they are capable of penetrating and fertilizing the eggs. It was found further
      that capacitation can be achieved outside the female tract, first in the presence
      of biological fluids, and then in the absence of biological fluids. Later on it
      was found that capacitated rabbit uterine spermatozoa still have acrosome and
      that the acrosome reaction of rabbit spermatozoa occurred in contact with eggs in
      the oviduct. Thus, several authors separated acrosome reaction from capacitation
      and considered capacitation as a preparation for the acrosome reaction, even
      though the titles of their articles still implied that capacitation included
      acrosome reaction. During the past 30 years we have found many membrane changes
      on the molecular and immunological level in spermatozoa that prepare them for
      physiological changes such as "hyperactivation," and morphological changes such
      as "the acrosome reaction." These events lead to more vigorous motility and to
      the release of various enzymes for the penetration of the egg. Undoubtedly,
      further study will reveal more molecular, physiological, and morphological
      changes in the mammalian spermatozoa before they are capable of fertilization.
      There are definite changes before hyperactivation and acrosome reaction, but
      these changes are parts of capacitation, if we prefer to keep its original
      meaning. It is proposed here that in order to save further confusion,
      capacitation of spermatozoa should be defined as originally proposed, that is, to
      include all the events that lead to the development of the capacity of mammalian
      spermatozoa to penetrate eggs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6370942
TI  - Immunofluorescence with Met-enkephalin and Leu-enkephalin antibodies in the
      guinea pig cochlea.
AB  - We have applied an indirect immunofluorescence technique to cryostat sections of
      guinea pig cochleas using Met-enkephalin and Leu-enkephalin antisera. With both
      antisera, high immunofluorescence was seen in the inner spiral bundle, the tunnel
      spiral bundle and the intraganglionic spiral bundle. Immunoreactivity persisted
      to a dilution of 1/50 000. In three out of the twelve guinea pigs,
      immunoreactivity was observed under the outer hair cells, but only with the Met
      enkephalin antiserum. Immunoreactivity of medium intensity was seen when the Met
      enkephalin antiserum was pre-adsorbed by Leu-enkephalin. No immunoreactivity was
      seen when the Leu-enkephalin antiserum was pre-adsorbed by Met-enkephalin. After
      treatment of cochlear sections with acidic permanganate, immunoreactivity of
      medium intensity was still observed with the Leu-enkephalin antiserum. These
      observations indicate that Met-enkephalin and Leu-enkephalin co-exist in the
      cochlea in regions where efferent terminals are located, particularly in the
      inner spiral bundle below the inner hair cells.

PMID- 6370943
TI  - Environmental stress and the physiology, performance and health of ruminants.
AB  - A satisfactory environment is one that satisfies the following four criteria:
      thermal comfort, physical comfort, disease control and behavioral satisfaction.
      Environmental stress, which may be direct or indirect, is anything that departs
      from these criteria. Analysis of environmental stress is best achieved by the
      statistical approach, obtaining correlations from large numbers of animals in
      natural environments with the experimental approach, and a proper analysis of
      these correlations into probable causative effects. The amount of scientific
      attention devoted to thermal stress in ruminants has been very large, yet its
      practical importance compared, e.g., with environmental stress and disease is
      relatively small. The most important environmental stresses today are those that
      have resulted from housing and other attempts to ameliorate the thermal
      environment. These include air pollution, physical injuries from building
      surfaces and the extremes of confinement. The contribution of environmental
      stresses to injury and to diseases such as mastitis and calf pneumonia are
      discussed and schemes are proposed for future experiments designed to analyze
      interactions between environment and disease. Examples are also given of
      approaches to the analysis of the stress of behavioral deprivation.

PMID- 6370944
TI  - Ruminant heat stress: effect on production and means of alleviation.
AB  - A review of the literature indicates heat stress generally causes lower milk
      production, decreased growth rate for cattle and lambs, but little effect on wool
      production. Breed and diet affects the degree of adverse response. Heat stress is
      caused primarily by high air temperature, but can be intensified by high
      humidity, thermal radiation and low air movement. Improving performance of
      animals under warm conditions involves breeding and management and modifying the
      environment. The former includes selection for heat tolerance, use of crossbred
      animals, diets with low heat increment in relation to energy for production and
      control of diseases and parasites. Environmental modifications may include
      provision of shades, use of water for evaporative cooling and increased air
      movement.

PMID- 6370945
TI  - Ruminant cold stress: effect on production.
AB  - A review is presented of biological issues and practical consequences of the
      effects of cold stress on ruminant animals. When animals are subjected to extreme
      cold stress, substantial dietary energy may be diverted from productive functions
      to the generation of body heat. Failure to produce sufficient heat can result in
      death. More often, however, cold stress leads to the development of secondary
      changes and possibly disease. With prolonged exposure to even mildly cold
      conditions, physiological adaptation occurs in animals resulting in increases in
      thermal insulation, appetite and basal metabolic intensity, as well as
      alterations in digestive functions. Much of the reduced productivity, and in
      particular the reduced nutritional efficiency, observed in ruminant production
      systems during the colder part of the year, can be accounted for by these
      adaptive changes.

PMID- 6370946
TI  - Effect of chlortetracycline on the spread of R-100 plasmid-containing Escherichia
      coli BEL15R from experimentally infected pigs to uninfected pigs and chicks.
AB  - Swine from two herds with different histories of antibiotic exposure were fed
      diets containing 0 or 55 mg of chlortetracycline (CTC)/kg. One of five pigs in
      each herd-diet treatment group was infected orally with Escherichia coli strain
      BEL15R that was resistant to nalidixic acid (NA), chloramphenicol (C),
      streptomycin (S), sulfamethizole (TH) and tetracycline (TE). Effects of CTC on
      the quantity and duration of fecal shedding of E. coli BEL15R and on the
      transmission of strain BEL15R and its R-100 plasmid from infected pigs to
      uninfected pigs and chicks were determined. Quantity and duration of shedding
      were greater in infected antibiotic-herd pigs than in infected nonantibiotic-herd
      pigs. Feeding on CTC increased the duration of shedding in infected pigs from
      both herds. Strain BEL15R colonized and was shed in one uninfected antibiotic pig
      in each treatment group, but it did not colonize in any of the uninfected
      nonantibiotic-herd pigs or in the uninfected chicks. In vivo transfer of
      resistance to C, S, TH and TE occurred in the infected antibiotic-herd pigs but
      not in the infected nonantibiotic-herd pigs. Transfer of the R-100 plasmid
      occurred from the infected to the uninfected antibiotic-herd pigs and to the
      uninfected chicks housed near the antibiotic-herd pigs fed CTC, but not to the
      chicks housed with the antibiotic-herd pigs fed the control diet. No transfer of
      resistance occurred from the infected nonantibiotic-herd pigs fed either CTC or
      control diet.

PMID- 6370947
TI  - Genetic and physiological aspects of growth, body composition and feed efficiency
      in mice: a review.
AB  - A review is presented of the genetic and physiological aspects of growth, body
      composition and feed efficiency in mice. The genetic parameters considered are:
      nature and extent of within and between-line genetic variation for body weight
      and growth rate; direct and correlated responses to selection for body weight,
      weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency; direct genetic effects of the
      offspring (gO); maternal genetic effects (gM); heterosis in the offspring (hO);
      maternal heterosis (hM), and recombination effects in the offspring (rO). The
      physiological parameters considered are energy requirements for maintenance and
      growth. The role of thermoregulatory thermogenesis in relation to the
      partitioning of metabolizable energy between maintenance and growth requirements
      of large and small mice is emphasized. The relationship of feed efficiency with
      other traits is reviewed at length.

PMID- 6370948
TI  - Energy and protein utilization in growing cattle.
AB  - Limited data are available to describe the different phases of dietary protein
      and energy utilization in growing cattle as compared with those in adult cattle
      or in growing nonruminants. The European data on this topic are summarized to
      indicate application in appropriate feeding standards. Net protein requirements
      are widely variable with breed and sex. They are lower in steers than in bulls
      and lower in early maturing than in late maturing breeds. They are clearly
      defined for growing and fattening bulls where they are influenced by breed, live
      weight and live weight gain. New systems have been proposed to express the
      protein allowances. They provide a great step towards a concept explaining N
      supply to ruminants. However, protein degradability in the rumen, efficiency of
      microbial protein synthesis, intestinal digestibility and metabolic efficiency of
      amino acid absorption in the intestine need to be described more accurately. Even
      if body energy retention measured by the slaughter technique is systematically
      lower than when measured by calorimetric balance, both techniques can correctly
      describe the effect of breed sex, weight, or daily gain on energy retained, in
      relative value, and its distribution between protein and fat deposition. But
      further research is needed to confirm the distribution of metabolizable energy
      between maintenance and growth and the efficiency of metabolizable energy
      utilization for growth. Thus, different authors have preferred to calculate the
      energy allowances, not by a factorial method, but by regression between energy
      intake and the corresponding weight and daily gain of animals measured during
      feeding trials.

PMID- 6370949
TI  - Chemoprophylaxis of arrhythmias with oral disopyramide in acute myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 6370950
TI  - Intravenous clonidine in severe hypertension.

PMID- 6370951
TI  - Metronidazole in pulmonary anaerobic infection.

PMID- 6370952
TI  - Metabolism of 4'-phosphopantetheine in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Coenzyme A (CoA) and acyl carrier protein (ACP) contain 4'-phosphopantetheine
      moieties that are metabolically derived from the vitamin pantothenate. The
      utilization of metabolites in the biosynthetic pathway during growth was
      investigated by using an Escherichia coli beta-alanine auxotroph to specifically
      and uniformly label the pathway intermediates. Pantothenate and 4'
      phosphopantetheine were the two intermediates detected in the highest
      concentration, both intracellularly and extracellularly. The specific cellular
      content of CoA and ACP was not constant during growth of strain SJ16 (panD) on 4
      microM beta-[3-3H]alanine, and alterations in the utilization of 4'
      phosphopantetheine and pantothenate correlated with the observed fluctuations of
      the intracellular pool sizes of CoA and ACP. Double-label experiments indicated
      that extracellular 4'-phosphopantetheine was derived from the degradation of ACP,
      and the extent that this intermediate was utilized by 4'-phosphopantetheine
      adenylyltransferase exerted control over the degradative aspect of the pathway.
      Control over the biosynthetic aspect of the biochemical pathway was exerted at
      the level of pantothenate utilization by pantothenate kinase. Reduction in the
      specific cellular content of CoA and ACP by 4'-phosphopantetheine excretion was
      irreversible since, in contrast to pantothenate, strain SJ16 was unable to
      assimilate exogenous 4'-phosphopantetheine into CoA or ACP.

PMID- 6370953
TI  - DNA segregation in Escherichia coli cells with 5-bromodeoxyuridine-substituted
      nucleoids.
AB  - The pattern of segregation of DNA in Escherichia coli K-12 was analyzed by
      labeling replicating DNA with 5-bromodeoxyuridine followed by differential
      staining of nucleoids. Three types of visible arrangement were found in four
      nucleoid groups derived from a native nucleoid after two replication rounds. Type
      A, segregation of both old strands toward cell poles, appeared with the highest
      frequency (0.6 to 0.8). Type B, segregation of one old strand toward the cell
      pole and the other toward the cell center, was twice as frequent as type C,
      segregation of both old strands toward the cell center. These results confirm
      previous data showing that DNA segregation in E. coli is nonrandom while
      presenting a certain degree of randomness. The proportions of the three indicated
      types of arrangement suggest a new probabilistic model to explain the observed
      segregation pattern. It is proposed that DNA strands segregate either
      nonrandomly, with a probability of between 0 and 1, or randomly. In nonrandom
      segregation, both old strands are always directed toward cell poles. Experimental
      data reported here or by other authors fit better with the predictions of this
      model than with those of other previously proposed proposed deterministic or
      probabilistic models.

PMID- 6370954
TI  - Functional limits of the araIc promoter suggest an additional regulatory site for
      araBAD expression.
AB  - The araBAD promoter is defined, in part, by two types of cis-acting constitutive
      mutations, araIc at position -35 and araXc at position -10. Subcloning
      experiments demonstrated that the araIc and araIcXc promoters require DNA
      sequence information out to position -53 to -56 for maximum constitutive
      expression. This is 8 to 10 base pairs more DNA than is generally thought to be
      necessary for RNA polymerase interaction. The -53 to -56 region is required for
      glucose repression, suggesting that an additional factor interacts in this region
      and is necessary for maximum expression.

PMID- 6370955
TI  - Structural and immunochemical homogeneity of Aeromonas salmonicida
      lipopolysaccharide.
AB  - Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to analyze the
      lipopolysaccharides of typical and atypical strains of the fish pathogen
      Aeromonas salmonicida. 32P intrinsically radiolabeled lipopolysaccharide in
      sarcosinate-extracted outer membrane preparations, lipopolysaccharide stained by
      silver in proteinase K-digested outer membrane preparations and whole cell
      lysates, as well as purified lipopolysaccharide, displayed O-polysaccharide
      chains which were unusually homogeneous with respect to chain length. Chemical
      analysis further revealed that the sugar composition of the smooth
      lipopolysaccharide purified from three typical strains was very similar.
      Immunoblotting and immunofluorescent staining with both polyclonal and monoclonal
      antibody showed that the O-polysaccharide chains were strongly immunogenic and
      were antigenically cross-reactive on typical and atypical strains from diverse
      origins. Immunofluorescence analysis and phage binding studies demonstrated that
      a number of these O-polysaccharide chains traversed the surface protein array of
      virulent strains of A. salmonicida and were exposed on the cell surface.

PMID- 6370956
TI  - Role of the nifQ gene product in the incorporation of molybdenum into nitrogenase
      in Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AB  - NifQ- mutants of Klebsiella pneumoniae are defective in nitrogen fixation due to
      an elevated requirement for molybdenum. When millimolar concentrations of
      molybdate were added to the medium, the effects of the nifQ mutations were
      suppressed. NifQ- mutants were not impaired in the uptake of molybdate, but
      molybdate accumulation was defective in these mutants. All of the nif-coded
      proteins were present in NifQ- cells derepressed in the absence of molybdenum.
      Molybdenum-activatable nitrogenase component I was found at the same level
      observed in the wild type. Molybdenum, thus, does not play a role in nif
      expression or in the short-term stability of nif-coded proteins. The defect in
      NifQ- mutants was in the incorporation of molybdenum into nitrogenase component
      I. The nifQ gene product acts together with the products of nifB, nifN, and nifE
      in the biosynthesis of the iron-molybdenum cofactor of nitrogenase.

PMID- 6370957
TI  - Phasmid P4: manipulation of plasmid copy number and induction from the integrated
      state.
AB  - "Phasmid" P4 is unusual in that it is capable of (i) temperate, (ii) lytic,
      helper-dependent, and (iii) plasmid modes of propagation. In this report we
      characterize most of the known P4 genetic functions as to their essential or
      nonessential roles in the stable maintenance of plasmid P4 vir1 (pP4 vir1 (pP4
      vir1). We also identify growth conditions that can be used to stably maintain pP4
      vir1 at any one of several different copy number levels (n = 1 to 3, n = 10 to
      15, or n = 30 to 40). Analyses of a temperature-sensitive alpha derivative of pP4
      vir1 show that shifting the temperature from 37 to 42 degrees C allows this
      mutant to maintain an integrated copy of the plasmid, whereas replication of free
      copies is repressed because of the nonpermissive condition for their DNA
      synthesis. Conversely, a shift from 42 to 37 degrees C can be used to reinstate
      plasmid propagation. The utility of the inducible states of pP4 vir1 is discussed
      with respect to its attributes as a vector with the potential for cloning inserts
      of DNA up to 33,000 base pairs in a wide range of bacterial hosts.

PMID- 6370958
TI  - Direction of flagellar rotation in bacterial cell envelopes.
AB  - Cell envelopes with functional flagella, isolated from wild-type strains of
      Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium by formation of spheroplasts with
      penicillin and subsequent osmotic lysis, demonstrate counterclockwise (CCW)
      biased rotation when energized with an electron donor for respiration, DL
      lactate. Since the direction of flagellar rotation in bacteria is central to the
      expression of chemotaxis, we studied the cause of this bias. Our main
      observations were: (i) spheroplasts acquired a clockwise (CW) bias if instead of
      being lysed they were further incubated with penicillin; (ii) repellents
      temporarily caused CW rotation of tethered bacteria and spheroplasts but not of
      their derived cell envelopes; (iii) deenergizing CW-rotating cheV bacteria by KCN
      or arsenate treatment caused CCW bias; (iv) cell envelopes isolated from CW
      rotating cheC and cheV mutants retained the CW bias, unlike envelopes isolated
      from cheB and cheZ mutants, which upon cytoplasmic release lost this bias and
      acquired CCW bias; and (v) an inwardly directed, artificially induced proton
      current rotated tethered envelopes in CCW direction, but an outwardly directed
      current was unable to rotate the envelopes. It is concluded that (i) a
      cytoplasmic constituent is required for the expression of CW rotation (or
      repression of CCW rotation) in strains which are not defective in the switch;
      (ii) in the absence of this cytoplasmic constituent, the motor is not reversible
      in such strains, and it probably is mechanically constricted so as to permit CCW
      sense of rotation only; (iii) the requirement of CW rotation for ATP is not at
      the level of the motor or the switch but at one of the preceding functional steps
      of the chemotaxis machinery; (iv) the cheC and cheV gene products are associated
      with the cytoplasmic membrane; and (v) direct interaction between the switch
      motor system and the repellent sensors is improbable.

PMID- 6370959
TI  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants provide evidence of hexokinase PII as a
      bifunctional enzyme with catalytic and regulatory domains for triggering carbon
      catabolite repression.
AB  - A selection system has been devised for isolating hexokinase PII structural gene
      mutants that cause defects in carbon catabolite repression, but retain normal
      catalytic activity. We used diploid parental strains with homozygotic defects in
      the hexokinase PI structural gene and with only one functional hexokinase PII
      allele. Of 3,000 colonies tested, 35 mutants (hex1r) did not repress the
      synthesis of invertase, maltase, malate dehydrogenase, and respiratory enzymes.
      These mutants had additional hexokinase PII activity. In contrast to hex1 mutants
      (Entian et al., Mol. Gen. Genet. 156:99-105, 1977; F.K. Zimmermann and I. Scheel,
      Mol. Gen. Genet. 154:75-82, 1977), which were allelic to structural gene mutants
      of hexokinase PII and had no catalytic activity (K.-D. Entian, Mol. Gen. Gent.
      178:633-637, 1980), the hex1r mutants sporulated hardly at all or formed aberrant
      cells. Those ascospores obtained were mostly inviable. As the few viable hex1r
      segregants were sterile, triploid cells were constructed to demonstrate allelism
      between hex1r mutants and hexokinase PII structural gene mutants. Metabolite
      concentrations, growth rate, and ethanol production were the same in hex1r
      mutants and their corresponding wild-type strains. Recombination of hexokinase
      and glucokinase alleles gave strains with different specific activities. The
      defect in carbon catabolite repression was strongly associated with the defect in
      hexokinase PII and was independent of the glucose phosphorylating capacity.
      Hence, a secondary effect caused by reduced hexose phosphorylation was not
      responsible for the repression defect in hex1 mutants. These results, and those
      with the hex1r mutants isolated, strongly supported our earlier hypothesis that
      hexokinase PII is a bifunctional enzyme with (i) catalytic activity and (ii) a
      regulatory component triggering carbon catabolite repression (Entian, Mol. Gen.
      Genet. 178:633-637, 1980; K.-D. Entian and D. Mecke, J. Biol. Chem. 257:870-874,
      1982).

PMID- 6370960
TI  - Independence of buoyant cell density and growth rate in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The relationship between growth rate and buoyant density was determined for cells
      from exponential-phase cultures of Escherichia coli B/r NC32 by equilibrium
      centrifugation in Percoll gradients at growth rates ranging from 0.15 to 2.3
      doublings per h. The mean buoyant density did not change significantly with
      growth rate in any of three sets of experiments in which different gradient
      conditions were used. In addition, when cultures were allowed to enter the
      stationary phase of growth, mean cell volumes and buoyant densities usually
      remained unchanged for extended periods. These and earlier results support the
      existence of a highly regulated, discrete state of buoyant density during steady
      state growth of E. coli and other cells that divide by equatorial fission.

PMID- 6370961
TI  - Expression of hydrogenase in Alcaligenes spp. is altered by interspecific plasmid
      exchange.
AB  - Alcaligenes hydrogenophilus was found to contain a soluble and a particulate
      hydrogenase whose control and structure differed in part from that in Alcaligenes
      eutrophus. One of at least two plasmids indigenous to A. hydrogenophilus
      determines hydrogenase genes (Hox). The interspecific exchange of Hox-encoding
      plasmids generated transconjugants which expressed the structural and regulatory
      Hox phenotype of the donor.

PMID- 6370962
TI  - Activation of trehalase by membrane-depolarizing agents in yeast vegetative cells
      and ascospores.
AB  - The membrane-depolarizing agents 2,4-dinitrophenol, carbonylcyanide m
      chlorophenylhydrazone, and nystatin are known to cause a rapid increase in the
      cyclic AMP level in fungal cells. Addition of these proton ionophores to yeast
      stationary-phase cells or ascospores causes an immediate 10-fold increase in
      trehalase activity. This observation is in agreement with a role for cyclic AMP
      induced phosphorylation in the activation process of trehalase. It also provides
      an explanation for previous results on the induction of trehalose breakdown by
      2,4-dinitrophenol in resting yeast cells.

PMID- 6370963
TI  - Genetic characterization of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 ara mutations.
AB  - Seventeen independently isolated L-arabinose utilization-deficient mutants of
      Salmonella typhimurium LT2 were characterized. Four complementation groups (araA,
      araB, araC, and araD) were identified and were equivalent to the same genes in
      the ara system in Escherichia coli. The order of the four genes was determined to
      be araD-araA-araB-araC-leu. Two transcription units were found: the araBAD operon
      was transcribed counterclockwise, and the araC gene was transcribed clockwise.

PMID- 6370964
TI  - Cloning of the Escherichia coli release factor 2 gene.
AB  - The protein release factor 2 (RF2) participates in Escherichia coli polypeptide
      chain termination with codon specificity (UAA or UGA). A colicin E1 recombinant
      identified in the Carbon and Clarke E. coli bank contains the protein release
      factor 2 gene. A 1.7-kilobase E. coli fragment has been subcloned into the
      plasmid pUC9 vector. Bacterial cells, containing the plasmid recombinant, produce
      elevated levels of protein release factor 2 as detected by an immune
      precipitation assay and in vitro measurement of UGA-directed peptide chain
      termination and [3H]UGA codon recognition.

PMID- 6370965
TI  - Alcaligenes eutrophus hydrogenase genes (Hox).
AB  - Mutants of Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 lacking catalytically active soluble
      hydrogenase (Hos-) grew very slowly lithoautotrophically with hydrogen. Mutants
      devoid of particulate hydrogenase activity (Hop-) were not affected in growth
      with hydrogen. The use of Hos- and Hop- mutants as donors of hydrogen-oxidizing
      ability in crosses with plasmid-free recipients impaired in both hydrogenases
      (Hox-) resulted in transconjugants which had inherited the plasmid and the
      phenotype of the donor. This indicates that the structural genes which code for
      the hydrogenases reside on plasmid pHG1. The Hox function of one class of Hox-
      mutants could not be restored by conjugation. These mutants exhibited a
      pleiotropic phenotype since they were unable to grow with hydrogen and also
      failed to grow heterotrophically with nitrate (Hox- Nit-). Nitrate was scarcely
      utilized as electron acceptor or as nitrogen source. Hox- Nit- mutants did not
      act as recipients but could act as donors of the Hox character. Transconjugants
      derived from those crosses were Hox+ Nit+, indicating that the mutation which
      leads to the Hox- Nit- phenotype maps on the chromosome. Apparently, the product
      of a chromosomal gene is involved in the expression of plasmid-encoded Hox genes.
      We observed that the elimination of plasmid pHG1 coincided with the occurrence of
      multiple resistances to various antibiotics. Since Hox+ transconjugate retained
      the antibiotic-resistant phenotype, we conclude that this property is not
      directly plasmid associated.

PMID- 6370966
TI  - Evidence for isofunctional enzymes in the degradation of phenol, m- and p
      toluate, and p-cresol via catechol meta-cleavage pathways in Alcaligenes
      eutrophus.
AB  - A study of the degradation of phenol, p-cresol, and m- and p-toluate by
      Alcaligenes eutrophus 345 has provided evidence that these compounds are
      metabolized via separate catechol meta-cleavage pathways. Analysis of the enzymes
      synthesized by wild-type and mutant strains and by strains cured of the plasmid
      pRA1000, which encodes m- and p-toluate degradation, indicated that two or more
      isofunctional enzymes mediated several steps in the pathway. The formation of
      three catechol 2,3-oxygenases and two 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde hydrolases
      was indicated from an examination of the ratio of the specific activities of
      these enzymes against various substrates. Evidence for two 2-hydroxymuconic
      semialdehyde dehydrogenases, two 4-oxalocrotonate isomerases and decarboxylases,
      and three 2-ketopent-4-enoate hydratases was derived from the induction of these
      enzymes under different growth conditions. Each activity was detected when the
      wild type was grown in the presence of m-toluate, but not when grown with phenol
      (except for a hydratase) or p-cresol, whereas in strains cured of pRA1000, growth
      with phenol or p-cresol, but not with m-toluate, induced these enzymes.
      Hydroxylation of phenol and p-cresol appears to be mediated by the same enzyme.

PMID- 6370967
TI  - Loxapine versus chlorpromazine in paranoid schizophrenia: a double-blind study.
AB  - Newly admitted paranoid schizophrenic patients (N = 68) were treated with either
      loxapine or chlorpromazine for up to 4 weeks. Mean maximum dosages were 84 mg/day
      of loxapine and 820 mg/day of chlorpromazine. Loxapine showed efficacy superior
      to that of chlorpromazine, confirming earlier retrospective findings. Adverse
      reactions were also less troublesome with loxapine.

PMID- 6370968
TI  - Nomifensine: the preclinical and clinical profile of a second generation
      antidepressant.

PMID- 6370969
TI  - Nomifensine in the depressed elderly patient: discussion.

PMID- 6370970
TI  - Pharmacology of nomifensine: a review of animal studies.
AB  - Nomifensine has demonstrated efficacy in several animal models that have been
      found to be predictive of clinical antidepressant activity, and has also been
      found to have a low potential for both cardiovascular and anticholinergic side
      effects. A comparison of nomifensine's profile with those of standard
      antidepressant agents shows this drug to possess clear advantages which may make
      it an attractive choice for the treatment of endogenous depression.

PMID- 6370971
TI  - Kinetics and metabolism of nomifensine.
AB  - Metabolic and pharmacokinetic studies of nomifensine maleate, a
      tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative with antidepressant properties, are reviewed.
      Results of pharmacokinetic studies indicate that nomifensine has a short
      distribution phase and a large volume of distribution. It is rapidly metabolized
      to its N-glucuronide. Plasma levels of nomifensine-N-glucuronide are up to 100
      fold higher than those of nomifensine, obviously because of a smaller volume of
      distribution. As nomifensine-N-glucuronide is extremely unstable and cleaved to
      nomifensine, determinations of nomifensine are easily falsified. It is therefore
      recommended only to determine the sum of nomifensine and its N-glucuronide (total
      nomifensine) in clinical trials. Kinetics of total nomifensine can best be
      described by the open two-compartment model: Maximum plasma levels are obtained 1
      2 hours postadministration; mean elimination half-life is 2 hours. Excretion is
      almost entirely by the kidneys, with approximately 88% of an oral dose excreted
      within 24 hours.

PMID- 6370972
TI  - Pharmacodynamics of nomifensine: a review of studies in healthy subjects.
AB  - A review of pharmacodynamic studies of nomifensine in healthy subjects indicates
      that nomifensine caused neither negative nor positive (euphoric) mood alterations
      and led to no impairments in various tests of performance and to some improvement
      in vigilance, attention, and psychomotor performance. Nomifensine was shown to
      alter the waking EEG in a manner similar to desimipramine. In marked contrast to
      nomifensine's pharmcokinetics, its CNS effects were shown to reach a maximum
      after 6 hours and to last for more than 8 hours. The sleep EEG was not altered
      significantly. Biochemical models confirmed nomifensine's noradrenergic and
      dopaminergic mode of action.

PMID- 6370973
TI  - Epilepsy, antidepressants, and the role of nomifensine.
AB  - The clinical and animal literature on the relationship between antidepressant
      drugs and the precipitation of seizures or lowering of the seizure threshold is
      reviewed. All tricyclic antidepressants have the potential to provoke seizures,
      particularly in patients with a preexisting lowered seizure threshold. A pilot
      investigation and a double-blind trial comparing the nontricyclic nomifensine
      with amitriptyline and placebo in epileptic patients are described. Results of
      these and other studies suggest that nomifensine--almost alone among the
      antidepressant drugs--has minimal seizure-provoking effects and therefore may be
      valuable in the management of patients with epilepsy or other neurologic diseases
      associated with lowered seizure threshold.

PMID- 6370974
TI  - Multicenter placebo-controlled evaluation of nomifensine treatment in depressed
      outpatients.
AB  - Outpatients aged 18-65 who met Feighner et al. criteria for primary affective
      disorder-depression and had Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) scores
      greater than or equal to 20 were randomly assigned to receive nomifensine (N =
      61) or placebo (N = 63) for 4 weeks. On all measures of efficacy (HDRS, Clinical
      Global Impressions, Hopkins Symptom Check List, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale),
      patients treated with nomifensine showed significant improvement compared to
      placebo patients; improvement was evident after 1 week on some scales. No
      clinically important changes were seen over the course of treatment in findings
      of physical examinations, ECGs, and clinical laboratory evaluations. Side effects
      associated with active treatment were mild to moderate in severity and rarely led
      to cessation of therapy. Thus, significant clinical improvement was seen in these
      moderately to severely depressed outpatients, without significant adverse
      experiences.

PMID- 6370975
TI  - Double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter evaluation of the efficacy and safety
      of nomifensine in depressed outpatients.
AB  - Outpatients with primary affective disorder-depression who scored at least 20 on
      the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) were randomly assigned to treatment
      for 1 month with nomifensine (100-200 mg/day) or placebo. Clinical laboratory and
      physical evaluations, including ECGs when feasible, revealed no clinically
      significant changes over the course of treatment. Nomifensine patients showed
      improvement compared to placebo on the HDRS total score endpoint analysis (p =
      .06) and the Cognitive Disturbance and Retardation factors (p less than or equal
      to .05). A better rate of improvement was seen with nomifensine on the Clinical
      Global Impressions severity of illness (p less than or equal to .05) and
      therapeutic index (p less than or equal to .05) components. No differences were
      seen between groups in the incidence of overall or specific side effects.
      Nomifensine thus appeared safe and superior to placebo on several key measures of
      depressive symptomatology in this multicenter study of depressed outpatients.

PMID- 6370976
TI  - Multicenter double-blind comparison of nomifensine and imipramine for efficacy
      and safety in depressed outpatients.
AB  - Nomifensine, a tetrahydroisoquinoline antidepressant, was compared with
      imipramine in a 4-week multicenter double-blind study of depressed outpatients
      (100 on nomifensine, 56 on imipramine). Nomifensine was at least as effective as
      imipramine in reducing depressive symptoms at average doses of 150 mg/day. When
      significant differences did occur on Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores,
      they favored nomifensine for improvement in cognitive symptoms and interest in
      work and activities. Early in treatment, nomifensine patients also showed a
      better relationship between clinical response and side effects. The proportions
      of patients experiencing at least one side effect or dropping out due to side
      effects were almost twice as high in the imipramine group. Dry mouth and sedating
      effects were 2-3 times more frequent among imipramine patients. Thus, nomifensine
      demonstrated clinical efficacy at least comparable with imipramine but with
      indications of a more favorable side effects profile.

PMID- 6370977
TI  - Possible clinical applications of laboratory tests in depression.
AB  - The diagnosis of depression has traditionally been based on clinical history and
      behavioral observations. While objective laboratory tests will further our
      understanding of the pathophysiology and perhaps aid in the management of
      depression, a critical examination of the application of these techniques in
      clinical psychiatry is warranted by their increasing use. The utility for
      clinicians of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST), urinary MHPG assay, and
      tricyclic antidepressant plasma level assay is reviewed.

PMID- 6370978
TI  - Nomifensine vs. imipramine in depressed inpatients.
AB  - In a double-blind random assignment study, nomifensine was compared to imipramine
      in a population of depressed male inpatients (N = 36; ages 22-56 years).
      Nomifensine and imipramine in doses of 100-150 mg/day were found to be comparable
      over the 4-week treatment period on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and
      Clinical Global Impressions. The Self-Rating Symptom Scale showed differences
      favoring nomifensine for the Depression factor at Days 3, 7, and 10. In extensive
      laboratory analyses, no clinically important changes were seen within or between
      groups. Although differences were not significant, more discomforting side
      effects--specifically, anticholinergic, nervousness/restlessness, and sedation-
      were seen in the imipramine than the nomifensine group. These results indicate
      that nomifensine compares favorably with imipramine in the treatment of depressed
      inpatients.

PMID- 6370979
TI  - Nomifensine in geriatric inpatients: a placebo-controlled study.
AB  - In a double-blind randomized group design, nomifensine (100 mg single daily dose)
      was compared to placebo in 100 geriatric inpatients (average age = 75 years).
      Patients in each group were categorized as depressed (Feighner criteria for
      primary depressive disorder and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores greater
      than or equal to 18) or non-depressed (no psychopathologic disorders and HDRS
      scores less than or equal to 7). Outcome measures included the HDRS and various
      tests of cognitive function. The nomifensine-treated depressed patients showed
      significant improvement over the placebo depressed patients early in and
      throughout treatment. Depressed patients also showed significant improvement on
      several cognitive tests with nomifensine treatment. Nomifensine was well
      tolerated in both depressed and nondepressed patients.

PMID- 6370980
TI  - A two-center double-blind study of nomifensine, imipramine, and placebo in
      depressed geriatric outpatients.
AB  - Both nomifensine and imipramine were superior to placebo in a 4-week double-blind
      study involving 63 geriatric patients (greater than 60 years) with primary
      affective disorder-depression. Significant improvement in the active drug groups
      was demonstrated on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Clinical Global
      Impressions, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and Hopkins Symptom Check List.
      Analysis of laboratory and physical examination data, including ECGs, revealed no
      clinically significant changes associated with either drug. Compared to the
      imipramine group, nomifensine-treated patients showed a more rapid rate of
      improvement and a lower incidence of discomforting side effects.

PMID- 6370981
TI  - A double-blind comparative evaluation of the efficacy and safety of nomifensine,
      imipramine, and placebo in depressed geriatric outpatients.
AB  - Nomifensine, imipramine, and placebo were compared in 61 depressed geriatric
      outpatients over a 35-day period. At average daily doses of 150 mg, nomifensine
      and imipramine were significantly more effective than placebo in reducing
      symptoms of depression in this sample of elderly depressed patients. Nomifensine
      and imipramine were generally comparable in clinical effect; 78% of the
      nomifensine-treated patients were rated as improved at the end of treatment as
      compared with 64% of imipramine and 20% of placebo patients. The findings suggest
      a more favorable side effect profile for nomifensine, which was associated with a
      lower frequency of sedating and anticholinergic effects than was seen in the
      imipramine group.

PMID- 6370982
TI  - Pooling 12 nomifensine studies for efficacy generalizability.
AB  - Twelve parallel group, randomized, double-blind studies of nomifensine's safety
      and efficacy in the treatment of depressed patients were combined into three
      pools according to common protocols. This approach permitted evaluation of 1)
      efficacy results for studies with moderate-sized pools of patients, 2) the degree
      to which efficacy was generalizable to depressed patients in the general
      population, and 3) the conditions under which pooled active vs. active
      (imipramine vs. nomifensine) studies could be regarded as pivotal in support of
      efficacy. Results showed that nomifensine's superiority over placebo was
      generalizable to patients with a wide range of characteristics, including age 60
      years or older. An appropriate statistical profile of more pronounced nomifensine
      responders would include patients with a duration of present episode less than 4
      months who are acutely depressed, exhibit more severe symptoms, and have been
      previously hospitalized or treated with other psychotropic medications. A
      comprehensive assessment and power analysis of the pooled active vs. active
      studies provided strong evidence for comparability of nomifensine and imipramine.

PMID- 6370983
TI  - Efficacy of nomifensine in different depressive syndromes.
AB  - Results from 11 independent double-blind placebo controlled studies of
      nomifensine were analyzed to assess the efficacy of the active drug vs. placebo
      in four depressive subtypes classified by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale
      profiles. Substantial nomifensine-placebo differences were seen in the anxious,
      suicidal, and vegetative subtypes; high rates of placebo response in the
      somatizing subtype resulted in nonsignificant treatment effects. Differing
      responses to antidepressant drugs based on phenomenologic subtypes of depression
      appear to merit further investigation.

PMID- 6370984
TI  - A review of the clinical safety and tolerability of nomifensine.
AB  - The tolerability and safety of nomifensine in clinical practice are reviewed in
      the context of relevant topics for the second-generation antidepressants.
      Nomifensine is nonsedating and impairs neither psychomotor nor cognitive
      performance. It has minimal anticholinergic-like properties and is nontoxic to
      the heart and cardiovascular system at therapeutic dosage. It is
      nonepileptogenic. There are few relevant drug interactions, and overdose data to
      date show no serious sequelae resulting from the drug itself. Side effects
      include sleep disturbance, restlessness, and nausea; rare adverse reactions are
      in keeping with other antidepressants. Nomifensine's profile differentiates it
      from other commonly used antidepressants; the implications of this for treatment
      of both common depressions and specific at-risk patients are discussed.

PMID- 6370985
TI  - An overview of side effects and long-term experience with nomifensine from United
      States clinical trials.
AB  - During the clinical development of nomifensine maleate (Merital), 1319 depressed
      patients received nomifensine (average doses of 150 mg/day) in 4-6 week trials;
      treatment was continued for at least 2 months in 170 patients and at least 6
      months in 53. Comparison data were provided by 593 patients who received placebo
      and 612 given the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine HCl (average doses of 150
      mg/day). The relationship of therapeutic gain to interfering side effects (the
      therapeutic index) was rated by the investigators and nomifensine received a more
      favorable therapeutic index rating than did imipramine. Side effect information
      was collected at each visit. Nomifensine produced less sedating, anticholinergic,
      and other discomforting side effects than imipramine and was able to sustain
      clinical benefit with minimal side effects in patients treated up to 6 months.

PMID- 6370986
TI  - Depot fluphenazine: risk/benefit ratio.
AB  - The risks and benefits associated with depot fluphenazine are reassessed by a
      review and critique of the literature, with an emphasis on controlled studies
      comparing depot to oral preparations. Specific gaps in our knowledge are noted
      and recommendations are made for future research.

PMID- 6370987
TI  - The use of depot neuroleptics: clinical experience in the United States.
AB  - The use of long-acting injectable preparations such as fluphenazine enanthate or
      decanoate can reduce patient noncompliance, but documenting this in a controlled
      research design is difficult. Several studies of relapse rates among patients
      receiving oral fluphenazine, depot fluphenazine, or placebo are reviewed. Factors
      that may explain the lack of significant differences among different drug
      treatments in preventing relapse are discussed. Indications are presented for the
      use of depot neuroleptics, and strategies for achieving minimum effective doses
      are reviewed. Adverse effects of depot medication are also discussed, so that the
      clinician may maximize the ratio of benefit to risk.

PMID- 6370988
TI  - Studies on the metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids. XIII. Properties of 2,4
      dienoyl-CoA reductase from beef liver.
AB  - It is demonstrated that 3-alkenoyl-CoA is the product of the enzymic reduction
      catalyzed by 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase with the highly purified enzyme
      preparation from beef liver mitochondria. Incorporation of deuterium atoms from
      deuterium-labeled NADPH and 2H2O during the reaction catalyzed by 2,4-dienoyl-CoA
      reductase from beef liver was investigated. When trans-2, trans-4-decadienoyl-CoA
      was incubated with the reductase in the presence of 4R-[4-2H1]NADPH and H2O, no
      deuterium was detected in the reaction product by gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry after derivatization to pyrrolidine amides of fatty acids. When the
      substrate was incubated with the enzyme in the presence of 4S-[4-2H1]NADPH and
      H2O, one deuterium atom was incorporated into the product, 3-decenoate, at the C
      5 position. In the case of 3-decenoate enzymatically prepared in the presence of
      NADPH and 2H2O, two deuterium atoms were incorporated into the product at the C-2
      position. These results indicate that the reaction catalyzed by 2,4-dienoyl-CoA
      reductase from beef liver is a unique example of 1,4-addition of hydrogen to a
      1,3-diene system conjugated with a carbonyl group of a thioester in biochemical
      fields. Chain length specificity of the reductase, isotope effects on reaction
      rates and competitive inhibitors are also discussed.

PMID- 6370989
TI  - Complete amino acid sequence of Scytalidium lignicolum acid protease B.
AB  - The acid protease B (SLB) of Scytalidium lignicolum was reduced and
      carboxymethylated and then subjected to tryptic digestion. Five fragments were
      isolated and some of them were further digested with alpha-chymotrypsin,
      thermolysin, and dilute acetic acid. The sequence analysis of these fragments and
      the peptides by conventional methods established the complete amino acid sequence
      of SLB. The enzyme was composed of 204 amino acid residues with threonine and
      valine as its amino- and carboxyl-termini, respectively. Locations of three
      disulfide bridges were also established to be Cys47-126, Cys140-163, and Cys192
      201 by enzymatic fragmentation of the denatured and unmodified SLB. Only a slight
      homology was found in the sequences of SLB and other acid proteases hitherto
      reported.

PMID- 6370990
TI  - Separation and properties of three forms of cathepsin H-like cysteine proteinase
      from rat spleen.
AB  - Three forms of cathepsin H-like cysteine proteinase were purified from rat spleen
      by a method involving acid treatment and chromatography on pepstatin-Sepharose,
      Sephadex G-75, DEAE-Sephacel, CM-Toyopearl, and concanavalin A-Sepharose. The
      final preparations of these forms all migrated as single protein bands on
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with and without sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS).
      The molecular weights of the three forms were estimated to be 28,000 (form I),
      26,000 (form II), and 22,000 (form III). The optimal pH was 6.5 for forms I and
      III and was 7.0 for form II with L-leucine 2-naphthylamide (Leu-NA) or with alpha
      N-benzoyl-DL-arginine 2-naphthylamide (BANA). All of the forms consisted of two
      major species having isoelectric points of 7.1 and 6.5 on isoelectric focusing
      gels. They were all stable when incubated at pH values between 5.0 and 9.0 for 1
      h at 22 degrees C. They were strongly inhibited by iodoacetic acid and E-64, but
      not by metal ions or pepstatin. Form III was not affected by leupeptin,
      chymostatin, antipain or elastatinal, which gave essentially complete inhibition
      of cathepsin B purified from rat spleen. Forms I and II were slightly inhibited
      by these compounds at the same concentrations. The properties of these forms were
      compared with those of the known enzymes cathepsin H and BANA-hydrolase.

PMID- 6370991
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of an essential region for autonomous replication of cloned
      yeast mitochondrial DNA.
AB  - A 341 bp sequence from yeast mtDNA was cloned, which consisted of an upstream 98
      bp AT stretch and a downstream 206 bp AT stretch separated by a single 37 bp GC
      cluster. Cleavage of this GC cluster did not cause loss of the autonomously
      replicating function of this sequence. The recloned first 98 bp AT stretch was
      incapable of replication, while the recloned 206 bp AT stretch could replicate.
      We were able to confine an essential sequence for autonomous replication within a
      186 bp AT stretch. Sequencing data revealed a sequence of ATATAAAT and stem and
      loop structures within the AT stretch.

PMID- 6370992
TI  - Isoleucyl initiator tRNA does not initiate eucaryotic protein synthesis.
AB  - Initiator tRNA from yeast (tRNAMeti) was quantitatively misaminoacylated with L
      isoleucine using isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli. Surprisingly
      the misaminoacylated Ile-tRNAMeti neither participates in nor inhibits the
      initiation of globin synthesis in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate, whereas Met
      tRNAMeti readily initiates protein synthesis in the same system. The incompetent
      behavior of Ile-tRNAMeti may be related to the observation that in vitro it does
      not form a stable complex with eucaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2) and GTP,
      under conditions which lead to a stable eIF-2 X GTP X Met-tRNAMeti ternary
      complex. This indicates that eIF-2 can discriminate between the side chains of
      the aminoacyl adducts of the tRNAMeti during ternary complex formation, the first
      essential step in initiation of eucaryotic protein synthesis.

PMID- 6370993
TI  - Assembly of the mitochondrial membrane system. CBP1, a yeast nuclear gene
      involved in 5' end processing of cytochrome b pre-mRNA.
AB  - Noncomplementing mutations in a nuclear gene (CBP1) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
      D273-10B specifically affect the synthesis of cytochrome b, a mitochondrially
      encoded carrier of the respiratory chain. The nuclear mutants have been shown to
      have lowered levels of cytochrome b-specific transcripts. This phenotype is
      attributed to the inability of the mutant strains to process the 5' end of the
      cytochrome b pre-mRNA. Impairment of the processing function encoded by the CBP1
      gene introduces an instability in the transcripts and promotes nucleolytic
      degradation. Mutations in CBP1 can be suppressed by a p- genome in which the 5'
      untranslated leader of the oli1 gene (subunit 9 of the ATPase) is fused near the
      5' side of the cytochrome b coding sequence. The rearranged genome allows the
      cytochrome b gene to be transcribed from the oli1 promoter and results in novel
      cytochrome b transcripts with the 5' leader sequence of the oli1 mRNA. The
      presence of the oli1 leader sequence confers stability to the RNA and circumvents
      the CBP1 processing function.

PMID- 6370995
TI  - The biosynthesis of gram-negative endotoxin. Formation of lipid A disaccharides
      from monosaccharide precursors in extracts of Escherichia coli.
AB  - We have discovered an enzyme in the cytosol of Escherichia coli that generates
      lipid A disaccharides from monosaccharide precursors by the following route: 2,3
      diacyl-GlcN-1-P + UDP-2,3-diacyl-GlcN---- 2,3-diacyl-GlcN (beta, 1----6) 2,3
      diacyl-GlcN-1-P + UDP. Previous studies from our laboratory have documented the
      presence in vivo of the precursors 2,3-diacylglucosamine 1-phosphate (2,3-diacyl
      GlcN-1-P) (lipid X of E. coli) and UDP-2,3-diacylglucosamine (UDP-2,3-diacyl
      GlcN) (Bulawa, C.E., and Raetz, C.R.H.J. Biol. Chem. 259, 4846-4851). Both
      substrates are novel glucosamine-derived phospholipids, acylated with beta
      hydroxymyristoyl moieties, and they accumulate in E. coli mutants defective in
      the pgsB gene. Synthetic ADP-, GDP-, and CDP-2,3-diacylglucosamines are
      inefficient substrates compared to the naturally occurring UDP derivative. The
      free-acid form of the tetraacyldisaccharide 1-phosphate product (C68H129N2O20P)
      that is generated in vitro has Mr = 1325.74 as judged by fast atom bombardment
      mass spectrometry. Mild acid hydrolysis (0.1 M HCl for 30 min at 100 degrees C)
      liberates greater than 95% of the phosphate moiety as Pi. Detailed analysis by 1H
      and 13C NMR spectroscopy confirms the presence of a phosphate residue at position
      1 of the disaccharide, an alpha-anomeric configuration at the reducing end, and a
      beta, 1----6 linkage between the two glucosamines. Importantly the disaccharide 1
      phosphate synthase is missing in extracts of E. coli strains harboring the pgsB1
      mutation, consistent with the massive accumulation of 2,3-diacyl-GlcN-1-P and UDP
      2,3-diacyl-GlcN in vivo. The enzymatic reaction reported here represents a major
      biosynthetic route for the formation of lipid A disaccharides in E. coli and
      other Gram-negative bacteria. An in vitro system for the biosynthesis of lipid A
      disaccharides has not been described previously.

PMID- 6370994
TI  - The biosynthesis of gram-negative endotoxin. Identification and function of UDP
      2,3-diacylglucosamine in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Escherichia coli mutants defective in the pgsB gene are phosphatidylglycerol
      deficient in certain genetic settings and accumulate novel, glucosamine-derived
      phospholipids (Nishijima, M., and Raetz, C. R. H. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 7837
      7844). The simplest of these compounds is 2,3-diacylglucosamine 1-phosphate (2,3
      diacyl-GlcN-1-P) ("lipid X" of E. coli), in which beta-hydroxymyristoyl moieties
      are the sole fatty acid substituents (Takayama, K., Qureshi, N., Mascagni, P.,
      Nashed, M. A., Anderson, L., and Raetz, C. R. H. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 7379
      7385). We now report a sensitive radiochemical method for detection of 2,3-diacyl
      GlcN-1-P in wild type E. coli and demonstrate that there are about 4000
      molecules/cell (0.02% of the total CHCl3-soluble phosphorus). In mutants bearing
      the pgsB1 lesion, the levels are 100- to 300-fold higher. In addition, we have
      discovered a novel liponucleotide, UDP-2,3-diacyl-GlcN, that also accumulates in
      conjunction with the pgsb1 mutation. This material represents 0.005% of the wild
      type phospholipid and accumulates 50- to 100-fold in the mutant. The
      identification of UDP-2,3-diacyl-GlcN in E. coli is based on: 1) migration of a
      minor 32P-labeled lipid from wild type and mutant cells with a UDP-2,3-diacyl
      GlCn standard during two-dimensional thin layer chromatography; 2) susceptibility
      of this 32P-labeled material to cleavage by a liponucleotide-specific
      pyrophosphatase; and 3) chromatographic identification of [32P]UMP and [32P]2,3
      diacyl-GlcN-1-P (lipid X) as the sole products of the enzymatic degradation. As
      shown in the accompanying article, this novel nucleotide is crucial for
      biosynthesis of lipid A disaccharides in extracts of E. coli and Salmonella
      typhimurium.

PMID- 6370996
TI  - Structural study of hinge bending in L-arabinose-binding protein.
AB  - The L-arabinose-binding protein of Escherichia coli is a periplasmic component of
      the bacterial L-arabinose transport system. The three-dimensional structure of
      the molecule has been determined by x-ray diffraction and shown to have two
      globular domains and a connecting hinge. Theoretical study of the flexibility of
      the hinge using computer simulation showed that the hinge is quite permissive in
      that only moderate increases in the internal energy are required for opening the
      cleft where the L-arabinose-binding site is located. In this study, the
      structural changes that accompany the hinge bending are analyzed. The results
      show that bending-induced stresses are accommodated by coupled action of covalent
      and noncovalent forces within the protein molecule. Strains in internal
      coordinates (bond lengths, bond angles, and torsional angles) are distributed
      throughout the hinge region after structural relaxation. The pattern of
      structural changes within a hinge strand upon bending and relaxation depends in
      large degree on its geometric relationship with the bending axis (e.g. distance
      and orientation) and the atomic packing of its immediate environment. The
      distributed structural changes result in a characteristic zigzag pattern for the
      directional change at each residue in the hinge strands.

PMID- 6370997
TI  - Zn(II)-113Cd(II) and Zn(II)-Mg(II) hybrids of alkaline phosphatase. 31P and 113Cd
      NMR.
AB  - Methods have been developed for the addition of different metal ion species to
      the three distinct pairs of metal sites (A, B, and C) found in the dimer of
      apoalkaline phosphatase. This allows the preparation of hybrid alkaline
      phosphatases in which A and B sites of each monomer contain two different species
      of metal ion or the A and B sites of one monomer contain the same species of
      metal ion, while the adjacent monomer contains a second species. The following
      hybrids have been characterized in detail: (Zn(II)ACd(II)B)2 alkaline
      phosphatase, (Zn(II)AMg(II)B)2 alkaline phosphatase, (Cd(II)AZn(II)B)2 alkaline
      phosphatase, and (Zn(II)AZn(II]B)(Cd(II)ACd(II)B) alkaline phosphatase. 31P and,
      where appropriate, 113Cd NMR have been used to monitor the behavior of the
      covalent (E-P) and noncovalent (E X P) phosphointermediates and of the A and B
      metal ions. From the pH dependencies of the E-P in equilibrium E X P in
      equilibrium E + Pi equilibria, it is clear that A site metal is the dominant
      influence in dephosphorylation of E-P and may have a coordinated water molecule,
      which ionizes to ZnOH- at a low pH providing the nucleophile for
      dephosphorylation. A site metal also serves to coordinate phosphate in the E X P
      complex. B site metal has a much smaller effect on dephosphorylation rates,
      although it does dramatically alter the Pi dissociation rate, which is the rate
      limiting step for the native enzyme at alkaline pH, and is probably important in
      neutralizing the charge on the phosphoseryl residue, thus potentiating the
      nucleophilic attack of the OH- bound at A site. Phosphate dissociation is slowed
      markedly by replacement of B site zinc by cadmium. There is clear evidence for
      long range effects of subunit-subunit interactions, since metal ion and phosphate
      binding at one active center alters the environments of A and B site metal ions
      and phosphoserine at the other active site.

PMID- 6370998
TI  - Relative affinities of all Escherichia coli aminoacyl-tRNAs for elongation factor
      Tu-GTP.
AB  - The relative affinities of all Escherichia coli amino-acyl-tRNAs for E. coli
      elongation factor (EF) Tu-GTP have been measured by two independent applications
      of the competition form of the ribonuclease resistance assay. The set of
      aminoacyl-tRNAs includes at least one tRNA for each of the 20 amino acids as well
      as purified isoacceptor tRNA species for arginine, glycine, leucine, lysine, and
      tyrosine. In the first competition study, [3H]Phe-tRNA was used as the competing
      aminoacyl-tRNA against [14C]aminoacyl-tRNA in the set of all tRNAs; in the second
      study, [3H]Leu-tRNALeu4 was used as the competing aminoacyl-tRNA. The relative
      order of aminoacyl-tRNA affinities for EF-Tu-GTP was the same in each study. The
      results indicate that the affinity of EF-Tu-GTP at 4 degrees C, pH 7.4, is
      strongest for Gln-tRNA and weakest for Val-tRNA. Both Gly-tRNA and Pro-tRNA bind
      very strongly to EF-Tu-GTP relative to other aminoacyl-tRNAs. Various models of
      ternary complex interactions are discussed in light of the new data. Although the
      properties of the amino acid substituent are primarily responsible for the
      differences in relative affinities among the noninitiator aminoacyl-tRNAs, the
      results for the four isoacceptor species of Leu-tRNALeu indicate that the
      secondary structural features of the tRNA are also influential.

PMID- 6370999
TI  - Purification and characterization of ornithine transcarbamoylase from
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTCase) has been purified in 100-mg quantities from
      a plasmid-containing, enzyme-overproducing strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
      The specific activity of the homogeneous enzyme is 2.5-fold above that previously
      reported. The molecular weight and partial specific volume of OTCase were
      determined by sedimentation equilibrium in solutions containing H2O and D2O. Data
      from two rotor speeds were simultaneously fit using nonlinear least squares
      analysis with multiple independent variables giving a molecular weight of 110,000
      +/- 2,200 and a partial specific volume of 0.732 +/- 0.006 ml g-1. The
      ultraviolet absorption spectrum of OTCase gives a specific absorbance at 280 nm
      of 0.36. This low value is consistent with a small number of aromatic residues.
      Amino acid analysis, fluorescence, and multicomponent analysis yield 1
      tryptophan, 4 tyrosine, and 24 phenylalanine/polypeptide chain. From an analysis
      of the circular dichroic spectrum, it was determined that OTCase contained 22%
      alpha-helix, 43% beta-sheet, 8% beta-turn, and 27% random structure. The
      fluorescence of the single tryptophan/polypeptide chain has an emission maximum
      at 320 nm, indicating a hydrophobic environment.

PMID- 6371000
TI  - Paramecium mitochondrial genes. I. Small subunit rRNA gene sequence and
      microevolution.
AB  - The sequences of the small subunit mitochondrial rRNA genes from two divergent
      species of Paramecium (primaurelia and tetraurelia) were determined. The gene
      lies near the center of the linear mitochondrial genome, on the same strand as
      are all other currently identified genes. The sequences generally resemble their
      counterparts found in cytoplasmic, procaryotic, and other mitochondrial sources.
      The rDNA gene boundaries were located by nuclease S1 protection. Small subunit
      rDNA spans about 1680 nucleotides, including an extraneous 83-base pair sequence
      very near the 3' end which is unique to Paramecium mitochondria. This "insert"
      occurs at the apex of the highly variable in length penultimate helix, according
      to proposed models for small subunit rRNA secondary structure. A discontinuity
      occurs in isolated rRNA near the start of the insert, resulting in a stable 13 S
      RNA species and a small segment containing the remaining 3' portion of the gene.
      The overall rRNA gene sequence was 94% conserved between the two species, and the
      nucleotide differences consisted of 53% transitions, 37% transversions, and 9%
      insertions plus deletions. These substitutions were somewhat clustered, and the
      two most divergent regions coincided with the gene boundaries. The sequence was
      aligned with Escherichia coli 16 S rRNA for direct comparison of sequence and
      structure.

PMID- 6371002
TI  - Crystallization of succinyl-CoA synthetase from Escherichia coli.
AB  - Well formed, tetragonal prisms of succinyl-CoA synthetase from Escherichia coli
      have been crystallized at room temperature from ammonium sulfate and mixtures of
      sodium and potassium phosphates. A systematic survey of the conditions for
      crystallization of the enzyme has been carried out. This has shown the addition
      of a small amount of an organic solvent (acetone, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, tert
      butyl alcohol, or tertamyl alcohol) to the phosphate media and of CoA to the
      sulfate media to be beneficial in producing large, single crystals suitable for
      analysis by x-ray diffraction methods. Preliminary examination of precession
      photographs reveals that the crystals from phosphate media have a unit cell of
      symmetry P4222 with dimensions a = b = 94 A and c = 248 A. Evidence suggests that
      there may be only half of the (alpha beta)2 tetramer/asymmetric unit in these
      crystals. The crystals from ammonium sulfate media have unit cell dimensions of a
      = b = 99 A and c = 399 A, a space group of P4122 (P4322), and one
      tetramer/asymmetric unit. They diffract to a resolution of 3.4 A. Both crystal
      types have large solvent contents of about 65% of the unit cell volumes. A
      parameter called "quality index" is introduced to facilitate comparison of
      crystals grown under a variety of conditions with respect to their quality of x
      ray diffraction.

PMID- 6371001
TI  - Structure of intron-containing tRNA precursors. Analysis of solution conformation
      using chemical and enzymatic probes.
AB  - Using chemical and enzymatic structure-specific probes adapted to rapid gel
      sequencing techniques, we have analyzed the solution conformations of precursors
      to two yeast tRNAs which contain an intervening sequence, pre-tRNAPhe and pre
      tRNATyr. Interpretation of the data was greatly facilitated by performing direct
      mature/precursor tRNA comparisons. In addition, the effects of tertiary
      interactions on probe specificity could be evaluated from the results obtained
      with mature tRNAPhe, whose crystal structure is known. We find: 1) the folding of
      the precursor CCA terminus, acceptor stem, T psi C stem, variable loop, anticodon
      stem, and D stem identical with that of the equivalent regions in the cognate,
      mature tRNA. 2) The T psi C loop and D loop appear to vary slightly in tertiary
      structure between mature and precursor species. 3) The precursors contain a helix
      involving the anticodon triplet and a complementary sequence in the intron. 4)
      The stability of this helix is much greater for pre-tRNAPhe than for pre-tRNATyr.
      5) The splice sites for both precursors are located in single-stranded loops.
      These results bear out predictions based on genetic analyses and are consistent
      with the view that recognition of universally conserved features of tRNA
      structure allows all tRNA precursors containing intervening sequences to be
      processed by a single splicing apparatus.

PMID- 6371003
TI  - The alpha-subunit of mouse 7 S nerve growth factor is an inactive serine
      protease.
AB  - Tryptic and cyanogen bromide peptides accounting for approximately 85% of the
      amino acid sequence of the alpha-subunit of mouse 7 S nerve growth factor have
      been isolated and extensively sequenced. The partial structure revealed a high
      degree of identity with the gamma-subunit (greater than 80%), which is an
      arginine esteropeptidase of the serine protease family. However, the alpha
      subunit does not cleave synthetic arginine ester or peptide substrates nor is it
      labeled by diisopropylfluorophosphate. The lack of catalytic activity may result
      from a Gly----His substitution near the active site serine or from the blocked
      NH2 terminus.

PMID- 6371004
TI  - Specific blockers of myoblast fusion inhibit a soluble and not the membrane
      associated metalloendoprotease in myoblasts.
AB  - We previously reported that the cell fusion that occurs during muscle
      development, when mononucleated myoblasts fuse to form multinucleated myotubes,
      requires endogenous metalloendoprotease activity at the time of fusion. We report
      here that myoblasts contain both soluble and membrane-associated
      metalloendoproteases, and that these proteases have different inhibitor
      specificities. Several inhibitors, previously shown to block myoblast fusion,
      inhibit only soluble and not membrane-associated metalloendoprotease activity in
      myoblasts. Another metalloendoprotease inhibitor, phosphoramidon, which had no
      effect on fusion, inhibits only the membrane-associated metalloendoprotease.
      These observations implicate a soluble metalloendoprotease in myoblast fusion.
      Two soluble metalloendoproteases can be demonstrated by column chromatofocusing,
      with pI values at pH 5.9 and 4.8. The soluble metalloendoprotease eluted at pH
      5.9 is not inhibited by an inhibitor which blocks fusion, while the soluble
      metalloendoprotease eluted at pH 4.8 is inhibited. Of the three
      metalloendoprotease activities identified in myoblasts, the metalloendoprotease
      required in myoblast fusion appears to be the soluble metalloendoprotease with a
      pI of 4.8.

PMID- 6371005
TI  - Purification and identification of formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine as the
      major peptide neutrophil chemotactic factor produced by Escherichia coli.
AB  - Chemotactic factor-enriched butanol extracts from Escherichia coli culture
      filtrates were fractionated and purified by high pressure liquid chromatography.
      The yield from individual fractions of biological activity (lysosomal enzyme
      secretion) and antigenic activity (competition with [3H]fMet-Leu-Phe for binding
      to rabbit anti-fMet-Leu-Phe) revealed an average 50% recovery of original
      material. Five peaks of biological activity were separated as demonstrated by
      enzyme-releasing activity. Three of these peaks coincided exactly with peaks of
      antigenic activity, suggesting that at least 3 and as many as 5 distinct formyl
      methionyl peptides had been separated. The majority of recovered activity
      appeared in peak 3 and represented 70% of the total biological and antigenic
      activities recovered. The five peak fractions were subsequently analyzed by
      dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (DCP/GC-MS) to
      determine amino acid sequences. After digestion, the formyl-Met peptide was
      demonstrated in only one of the five peak fractions (peak 3). Furthermore, both
      the GC retention times and mass spectra indicated that peak 3 contained formyl
      methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. The DCP/GC and MS data were confirmed with tests
      made on authentic fMet-Leu-Phe. Butanol extracts from E. coli filtrates to which
      were added synthetic fMet-Leu-Phe resulted in increased biological and antigenic
      activity in the precise high pressure liquid chromatography fractions of peak 3
      where the fMet-Leu-Phe produced by E. coli was found. Finally, the analysis of
      recovered biological and antigenic activities indicated that the formyl peptides
      were found in nanomolar concentrations in culture filtrates. These results
      demonstrate that the NH2-terminal formyl peptides produced by E. coli, of which
      formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine appears to be the major component, are the
      peptide mediators responsible for leukocyte chemotactic activity in the bacterial
      culture extracts.

PMID- 6371006
TI  - DNA glycosylase activities for thymine residues damaged by ring saturation,
      fragmentation, or ring contraction are functions of endonuclease III in
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - A DNA glycosylase activity that excises oxidized, fragmented thymine residues
      from a polydeoxyribonucleotide has been purified 9,500-fold to apparent
      homogeneity from Escherichia coli. The purified enzyme also excises thymine
      glycol and cleaves DNA at apurinic sites, and appears to be identical with E.
      coli DNA endonuclease III. The enzyme catalyzes the release of several different
      forms of oxidized thymine, including urea, methyltartronylurea and 5-hydroxy-5
      methylhydantoin. The molecular weight of the native protein is 25,000, and the
      same value is obtained for the denatured homogeneous protein by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 6371007
TI  - Characterization of a novel lipoprotein mutant in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Mutants altered in the structural gene for murein lipoprotein in Escherichia coli
      can be isolated by globomycin selection. We have isolated a unique globomycin
      resistant mutant, strain 6-23, which synthesizes a structurally altered, albeit
      modified and processed, lipoprotein. DNA sequence analysis of the mutant lpp
      allele and determination of the amino acid composition of the mutant lipoprotein
      revealed a single amino acid substitution of cysteine for arginine at the 68th
      amino acid residue of prolipoprotein. Pulse-chase experiments revealed that the
      kinetics of lipoprotein maturation was affected by this alteration in the
      structure of lipoprotein.

PMID- 6371008
TI  - Decoding at the ribosomal A site. The effect of a defined codon-anticodon
      mismatch upon the behavior of bound aminoacyl transfer RNA.
AB  - Ribosomes from Escherichia coli were programmed by being allowed to bind a
      molecule of tRNAMetf or fMet-tRNAMetf and the hexanucleotide messenger AUGN1N2N3.
      The interaction of the ternary complex [EF-Tu X GTP X Phe-tRNAPhe] with the A
      site (containing the codon N1N2N3) was then studied by measuring the extent of
      (i) the binding of Phe-tRNAPhe to the ribosome, (ii) the hydrolysis of GTP, and
      (iii) the formation of the dipeptide fMet-Phe. By variation of N1,N2, and N3, a
      defined degree and position of mismatch could be obtained; the correct A-site
      codon UUU was compared with the incorrect codons CUU, UCU, GUU, and UUG. Each
      single-point alteration led to catalytic hydrolysis of GTP and to a strong
      reduction in the amounts of Phe-tRNAPhe binding and of dipeptide formation. The
      observations were explicable qualitatively by a hypothesis according to which the
      behavior of the bound aa-tRNA, after hydrolysis of GTP and before peptidyl
      transfer, is determined principally by the energy of binding of the aminoacyl
      tRNA to the A site. This binding in turn was found to depend upon both the nature
      and the position of the mismatch. The results further suggest a steric interplay
      between the 3' (acceptor) end of the A-site tRNA and the second and third
      positions of the anticodon, so that a mismatch at one of these positions can
      impair directly the interaction between the aminoacylated 3' end and the ribosome
      and can thus reduce the rate of peptide bond formation and contribute to the
      overall fidelity of the elongation cycle.

PMID- 6371009
TI  - Human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase is an amphipathic protein whose short
      membrane-binding domain is removed by papain digestion.
AB  - Human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase was shown to be an amphipathic protein in
      which proteases could cleave the hydrophobic domain from the enzymatically active
      hydrophilic domain. Papain and Pronase cleaved these domains with greatest
      efficiency, as measured by the disaggregation of purified acetylcholinesterase to
      disulfide-linked dimers (G2) on sucrose density gradients in the absence of
      detergent. Nonspecific proteolytic degradation was reduced both by the inclusion
      of edrophonium chloride, which protected acetylcholinesterase from inactivation,
      and by covalent attachment of papain to Sepharose CL-4B. In contrast to
      nondigested control acetylcholinesterase, the papain-disaggregated enzyme did not
      bind detergent according to hydrodynamic criteria and could not be reconstituted
      into liposomes. Thus, we conclude that the hydrophobic domain removed by papain
      digestion is in fact the membrane-binding domain in situ. This domain appeared
      largely inaccessible to proteases in intact erythrocytes, however, as less than
      10% of the enzyme activity was solubilized by protease digestion. The hydrophobic
      domain removed by papain appeared very small, as nondigested control and
      disaggregated enzyme were identical in molecular weight and amino acid
      composition within experimental error. The fully reduced 75-kDa catalytic
      subunits of nondigested control enzyme appeared about 2 kDa larger than the
      corresponding subunits of disaggregated enzyme on polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate, an indication that the hydrophobic
      domain was cleaved from the COOH or NH2 terminus of the catalytic subunit primary
      structure. Studies in which the NH-terminal amino acid was labeled by reductive
      methylation suggested that the hydrophobic domain is at the COOH terminus.

PMID- 6371011
TI  - A hybrid superoxide dismutase containing both functional iron and manganese.
AB  - A hybrid superoxide dismutase containing functional Mn and Fe has been isolated
      from Escherichia coli. Streptomycin, which binds tightly to both the Mn- and the
      Fe-containing superoxide dismutases, had the expected effect on the
      electrophoretic and chromatographic behavior of the hybrid. Treatment of the
      hybrid with H2O2, which selectively inactivates the Fe-containing enzyme,
      resulted in partial inactivation accompanied by a resegregation of subunits, with
      the formation of active Mn-enzyme and inactive Fe-enzyme. A similar resegregation
      of subunits was observed when the hybrid was exposed to 2.5 M guanidinium
      chloride. Hybrids containing Mn or Fe could be generated in vitro by mixing the
      Mn-enzyme with the Fe-enzyme, removing metals with 8-hydroxyquinoline in the
      presence of 2.5 M guanidinium chloride, and then dialyzing against Mn(II) or
      Fe(II) salts. Ten per cent of the activity of the Fe-superoxide dismutases is
      resistant to H2O2, which correlates with its content of Mn. Since the activity
      remaining after exhaustive treatment with H2O2 exhibited the electrophoretic
      mobility of the Fe-enzyme, we concluded that some of the active sites of the Fe
      enzyme were actually occupied by Mn. It should be noted, however, that for
      purposes of metal reconstitution experiments, a definite specificity was
      demonstrated. The Mn-enzyme was reconstituted with Mn(II), whereas the Fe-enzyme
      activity was recovered using only Fe(II). We propose that the Fe-superoxide
      dismutase may be heterogeneous and that 10% of its activity is actually due to a
      Mn-containing variant with the same electrophoretic mobility. Only the apohybrid
      enzyme regained enzymatic activity using both Mn(II) and Fe(II).

PMID- 6371010
TI  - Characterization of an R-plasmid dihydrofolate reductase with a monomeric
      structure.
AB  - A plasmid-encoded dihydrofolate reductase that originated in a clinical isolate
      of Salmonella typhimurium (phage type 179) moderately resistant to trimethoprim
      has been isolated and characterized. The dihydrofolate reductase (called type
      III) was purified to homogeneity using a combination of gel filtration,
      hydrophobic chromatography, and methotrexate affinity chromatography.
      Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing and nondenaturing conditions
      indicated that the enzyme is a 16,900 molecular weight monomeric protein. Kinetic
      analyses showed that trimethoprim is a relatively tight binding inhibitor (Ki =
      19 nM) competitive with dihydrofolate. The enzyme is also extremely sensitive to
      methotrexate inhibition (Ki = 9 pM) and has a high affinity for dihydrofolate (Km
      = 0.4 microM). The sequence of the first 20 NH2-terminal residues of the protein
      shows 50% homology with the trimethoprim-sensitive chromosomal Escherichia coli
      dihydrofolate reductase and suggests that the two enzymes may be closely related.
      This is the first example of a plasmid encoding for a monomeric dihydrofolate
      reductase only moderately resistant to trimethoprim, and a resistance mechanism,
      dependent in part on the high dihydrofolate affinity of the type III enzyme, is
      proposed.

PMID- 6371012
TI  - Purification and characterization of hemoglobin-hydrolyzing acidic thiol protease
      induced by leupeptin in rat liver.
AB  - Intraperitoneal administration of leupeptin to rats induced a hemoglobin
      hydrolyzing protease which was most active at pH 3.5 and was insensitive to
      pepstatin in various tissues such as the liver, kidney, and muscle, as observed
      previously in adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture (Tanaka, K., Ikegaki, N.,
      and Ichihara, A. (1979) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 91, 102-107). The induced
      acidic protease was purified about 600-fold in 30% yield from rat liver by
      conventional chromatographic techniques. The purified enzyme appeared homogeneous
      by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence or absence of sodium
      dodecyl sulfate and was a monomeric protein of Mr = 20,000. The enzyme appeared
      to be a glycoprotein because its induction was blocked by the addition of
      tunicamycin to cultures of hepatocytes and because the induced protease was
      absorbed on concanavalin A-Sepharose and eluted with methylglucoside. It seemed
      to be present in lysosomes and was fairly stable at various pH values and
      temperatures. It showed endopeptidase activity on various protein substrates, but
      scarcely hydrolyzed N-substituted derivatives of arginine. It did not hydrolyze
      esters, showed no aminopeptidase or carboxypeptidase activity, and did not
      inactivate glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase or aldolase. The enzyme appeared to
      be a thiol protease, since it was strongly inhibited by sulfhydryl-reactive
      compounds and N-( [N-(1-3-trans-carboxyoxiran-2-carbonyl)-L-leucyl]-agmatine and
      was not inhibited by reagents specific for carboxyl-, serine-, or
      metalloproteases. This induced protease could be separated from cathepsins B, D,
      and H by chromatography. The enzyme was similar to cathepsin L in chromatographic
      behavior, Mr and pI, but differed from the latter in stability and in its
      inability to inactivate some enzymes. These results suggest that it differs from
      any known proteases found previously in rat liver.

PMID- 6371013
TI  - Rat adrenocortical carcinoma 494 autophosphorylating protein kinase,
      autophosphorylating protein kinase 500. Purification, biochemical and
      immunological characterization, and substrate specificity.
AB  - A novel autophosphorylating protein kinase, autophosphorylating protein kinase
      500, independent of cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, calcium, and calmodulin was purified
      from rat adrenocortical carcinoma 494 by ammonium sulfate fractionation followed
      by the chromatographic steps of DEAE-cellulose, gel filtration, cyclic AMP-epoxy
      Sepharose, and phosphocellulose. Sometimes two additional chromatographic
      purification steps of chromatofocusing and gel filtration were necessary for
      complete purification. The enzyme was homogeneous as evidenced by one- and two
      dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Sucrose
      density sedimentation studies indicated that Mr of the enzyme was 490,000, while
      ultracentrifugal analysis demonstrated a value of 481,400 (+/-7%). The protein
      was composed of two identical subunits each with Mr = 250,000. The enzyme
      molecule was slightly asymmetric with frictional and sedimentation coefficients
      of 1.28 and 18.20, respectively, and a Stokes radius of 66 A. Isoelectric
      focusing electrophoresis revealed a single peak with pI 4.6, indicating acidity
      of the protein. The enzyme self phosphorylated one or more of its serine
      residues. The reaction utilized the terminal phosphate of ATP; GTP was inactive.
      Divalent cations (5 mM Mn2+ or 10 mM Mg2+) were essential for optimum activity.
      Autophosphorylating protein kinase 500 did not phosphorylate the commonly used
      exogenous substrates such as histones, casein, phosvitin, or protamine. Analysis
      of autophosphorylating protein kinase 500 with rabbit anti-autophosphorylating
      protein kinase 500 IgG by immunoelectrophoresis and crossed immune
      electrophoresis demonstrated single arcs of precipitation, confirming the
      biochemical demonstration of enzyme purification and homogeneity. Indirect
      immunofluorescence studies revealed an intracytoplasmic localization of the
      enzyme in cultured and freshly isolated adrenocortical carcinoma 494 cells. Both
      cell types revealed an intensity of perinuclear enzyme fluorescence, but an
      absence of the enzyme in the nuclei or nucleoli. The anti-autophosphorylating
      protein kinase 500 IgG blocked the self-catalyzed phosphorylation of
      autophosphorylating protein kinase 500, providing immunological support of the
      biochemical results that autophosphorylation is an intrinsic characteristic of
      the enzyme. When autophosphorylating protein kinase 500 was incubated with
      membrane-bound ribosomes, it phosphorylated a Mr = 31,000 protein. This
      phosphorylation was blocked by the anti-autophosphorylating protein kinase 500
      IgG.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6371014
TI  - Three regions of a yeast tRNALeu3 gene promote RNA polymerase III transcription.
AB  - A Saccharomyces cerevisiae tRNALeu3 gene has been dissected to identify sequences
      essential for recognition by the yeast RNA polymerase III transcription
      apparatus. Three putative promoter regions have been identified, one each in the
      3'- and 5'-halves of the tRNA coding sequence, the A- and B-blocks, respectively,
      and one in the 5'-flanking region. DNA fragments derived from the intact gene and
      bearing the 5'-flanking region, the 5'-flanking region plus the A-block, the A-
      and B-blocks without the 5'-flanking region, the 5'-flanking region with the B
      block, and the B-block only have been subcloned. Plasmids carrying these
      fragments were used as templates in a homologous in vitro transcription assay to
      determine the contributions of the various sequences to the template activity of
      the gene. No template-dependent transcription was seen when fragments with only
      the 5'-flanking region or B-block were tested. A very weak template-dependent
      transcript was observed from clones bearing the A- and B-block regions.
      Transcription of the fragment bearing the 5'-flanking sequence and A-block was
      considerably more efficient but reduced relative to the intact gene. The clone
      including the 5'-flanking region and 3'-half of the gene is transcribed by the
      yeast extract with an efficiency approaching that of the intact gene. Partial
      deletions were constructed in which the highly conserved 5'-flanking
      pentadecanucleotide sequence was replaced by vector DNA. Replacement of the
      sequence between positions -12 and -2 (relative to the tRNA coding sequence)
      decreased transcription efficiency 10-fold even though the A- and B-blocks were
      left intact. We conclude that this 5'-flanking region, in conjunction with either
      the A- or B-block sequence is sufficient to constitute a promoter for the yeast
      RNA polymerase III transcription apparatus.

PMID- 6371016
TI  - Postoperative abdominopelvic irradiation in patients with epithelial cancer of
      ovary. The Princess Margaret Hospital Experience.

PMID- 6371015
TI  - Developing new drugs for ovarian cancer: a challenging task in a changing
      reality.
AB  - Recent therapeutic and technological advances have profoundly modified the
      parameters of new drug testing in ovarian cancer. The potential of compounds
      tested today in this disease therefore needs to be assessed according to this
      changing reality. Previous treatment with or without cisplatin is the criterion
      we have applied in our review of the single agent clinical data. Results obtained
      with older compounds have also been, when possible, reassessed in order to
      facilitate a comparative interpretation of recent trials. A brief overview of the
      most recently developed laboratory screening models has been conducted in order
      to stress their close relationship and their crucial role in future new drug
      development.

PMID- 6371017
TI  - Chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer.
AB  - The chemotherapy of advanced ovarian cancer is reviewed. Treatment with single
      agents results in low remission rates and few complete remissions. The results
      have been improved with modern combination chemotherapy, which includes
      cisplatin, although a longer follow up is needed for definite conclusions to be
      made concerning survival. Toxicity and drug resistance remain important problems.
      The future prospects of treatment with emphasis on intraperitoneal chemotherapy
      are discussed.

PMID- 6371018
TI  - Specific early-G1 blocks accompanied with stringent response in Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae lead to growth arrest in resting state similar to the G0 of higher
      eucaryotes.
AB  - Growth arrests of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells in early G1 phase brought by
      various means were classified into two types according to the mode of growth
      recovery after release of the restraints against growth. The first type,
      including arrests caused by cdc25, cdc33, cdc35, and ils1 mutations at the
      nonpermissive temperature and also by sulfur starvation, showed a subsequent
      delay in the onset of budding when shifted back to permissive conditions. The
      length of the delay was positively correlated with the time that cells had been
      arrested. The second type, including those caused by cdc28 and cdc24 mutations
      and by alpha factor, did not affect the mode of growth recovery after the shift
      to permissive conditions irrespective of the time that cell proliferation had
      been restricted. Growth arrests of the first type seem to allow yeast cells to
      enter a resting state equivalent to the G0 state of higher eucaryotes because
      features of the G0 shown with lymphocytes and other cultured cells including
      unusually long delay before the growth recovery (L.H. Augenlicht and R. Baserga,
      1974, Exp. Cell Res., 89:255-262; and Kumagai, J., H. Akiyama, S. Iwashita, H.
      lida, and I. Yahara, 1981, J. Immunol., 126:1249-1254) appeared to be associated
      with this type. We have noted that arrests of the first type were always
      accompanied with a stringent response of macromolecular synthesis and its partial
      release by cycloheximide. Mapping of arrest points along the path of the cell
      cycle by the reciprocal shift experiment suggested that arrest points in G1 that
      led to the G0-like arrest precede or are near the step sensitive to alpha-factor.

PMID- 6371019
TI  - Plasmodium falciparum malaria: association of knobs on the surface of infected
      erythrocytes with a histidine-rich protein and the erythrocyte skeleton.
AB  - Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (RBC) develop surface protrusions
      (knobs) which consist of electron-dense submembrane cups and the overlying RBC
      plasma membrane. Knobs mediate cytoadherence to endothelial cells. Falciparum
      variants exist that lack knobs. Using knobby (K+) and knobless (K-) variants of
      two strains of P. falciparum, we confirmed Kilejian's original observation that a
      histidine-rich protein occurred in K+ parasites but not K- variants (Kilejian,
      A., 1979, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 76:4650-4653; and Kilejian, A., 1980, J.
      Exp. Med., 151:1534-1538). Two additional histidine-rich proteins of lower
      molecular weight were synthesized by K+ and K- variants of both strains. We used
      differential detergent extraction and thin-section electron microscopy to
      investigate the subcellular location of the histidine-rich protein unique to K+
      parasites. Triton X-100, Zwittergent 314, cholic acid, CHAPS, and Triton X
      100/0.6 M KCl failed to extract the unique histidine-rich protein. The residues
      insoluble in these detergents contained the unique histidine-rich protein and
      electron-dense cups. The protein was extracted by 1% SDS and by 1% Triton X-100/9
      M urea. The electron-dense cups were missing from the insoluble residues of these
      detergents. The electron-dense cups and the unique histidine-rich protein
      appeared to be associated with the RBC skeleton, particularly RBC protein bands
      1, 2, 4.1, and 5. We propose that the unique histidine-rich protein binds to the
      RBC skeleton to form the electron-dense cup. The electron-dense cup produces
      knobs by forming focal protrusions of the RBC membrane. These protrusions are the
      specific points of attachment between infected RBC and endothelium.

PMID- 6371020
TI  - Interferon suppresses pinocytosis but stimulates phagocytosis in mouse peritoneal
      macrophages: related changes in cytoskeletal organization.
AB  - Treatment of thioglycolate-elicited macrophages with mouse beta-interferon
      markedly reduces pinocytosis of horseradish peroxidase and fluorescein
      isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran but stimulates phagocytosis of IgG-coated sheep
      erythrocytes. Experiments with FITC-dextran have revealed that the overall
      decrease in pinocytosis is due to a nearly complete inhibition of pinocytosis in
      a large fraction of interferon-treated macrophages. In the remaining cells
      pinocytosis continues at a rate similar to that in untreated control cells. A
      considerable reduction in the number of cells pinocytosing FITC-dextran was
      observed within 12 h from the beginning of interferon treatment. Measurement of
      the overall level of pinocytic activity with horseradish peroxidase showed a
      progressive decline through 72 h of treatment. In the interferon-sensitive
      subpopulation, there were marked changes in cytoskeletal organization.
      Microtubules and 10-nm filaments were aggregated in the perinuclear region while
      most of the peripheral cytoplasm became devoid of these cytoskeletal structures
      as observed by fluorescence and electron microscopy. In addition, interferon
      treatment of macrophages appeared to disrupt the close topological association
      between bundles of 10-nm filaments and organelles such as mitochondria,
      lysosomes, and elements of the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum. Such
      alterations in the distribution of microtubules and 10-nm filaments were not seen
      in the interferon-insensitive subpopulation. We have investigated the mechanism
      of the interferon-induced enhancement of phagocytic activity by binding IgG
      coated sheep erythrocytes to mouse peritoneal macrophages at 4 degrees C and then
      initiating a synchronous round of ingestion by warming the cells to 37 degrees C.
      Thioglycolate-elicited macrophages that had been treated with mouse beta
      interferon ingested IgG-coated erythrocytes faster and to a higher level than
      control cells in a single round of phagocytosis. In interferon-treated cultures,
      phagocytic cups became evident within 30 s of the shift of cultures from 4
      degrees to 37 degrees C, whereas in control cultures, they appeared in 2 min.
      Cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of actin assembly and polymerization, abolished
      phagocytic activity in both control and beta-interferon-treated macrophages.
      However, to inhibit phagocytosis completely in thioglycolate-elicited interferon
      treated macrophages, twice as much cytochalasin D was required in the treated as
      in control cultures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6371021
TI  - Immunoprecipitation of nonerythrocyte spectrin within live cells following
      microinjection of specific antibodies: relation to cytoskeletal structures.
AB  - The intracellular precipitation of nonerythrocyte spectrin has been achieved by
      the microinjection into cells of either a monoclonal antibody (IgM) directed
      against the alpha chain of nonerythrocyte spectrin or an affinity-purified
      polyclonal antibody raised against bovine brain spectrin (fodrin). This antibody
      induced precipitation of spectrin was observed in fibroblastic and epithelial
      cell types, including embryonic bovine tracheal fibroblasts, a bovine kidney
      epithelial cell line (MDBK), Hela cells, gerbil fibroma cells, and fibroblast
      lines of human and mouse origins. The precipitation of the spectrin was specific
      and two proteins with a similar distribution to the nonerythrocyte spectrin were
      not induced to co-precipitate in the spectrin aggregates. Comparing the two types
      of antibody microinjected, the affinity-purified polyclonal antibody resulted in
      more compact aggregates of spectrin and these were frequently aligned with
      microfilament bundles. The rate at which the spectrin aggregates were cleared
      into presumptive lysosomes varied with different cell types: in some such as the
      bovine kidney epithelial cells, this appeared complete within 3 h after
      microinjection, whereas in some of the fibroblasts the spectrin aggregates were
      prominent in the cytoplasm at 24 and even 48 h after microinjection.
      Microfilament bundles appeared unaffected by the aggregation of spectrin. We
      conclude that the integrity of the actin microfilament bundles does not require
      nonerythrocyte spectrin and that most probably these structures are linked at
      their termini to the membrane through proteins other than nonerythrocyte
      spectrin. No effect of the intracellular spectrin precipitation was observed on
      cell shape, or on the distribution of coated vesicles or microtubules. The
      aggregation of the nonerythrocyte spectrin, however, did affect the distribution
      of the vimentin type of intermediate filaments in most of the cell types studied.
      These filaments became more distorted and condensed, but generally did not
      collapse around the nucleus as occurs following microtubule disruption induced by
      colchicine treatment. The clumped intermediate filaments were frequently seen to
      coincide with regions of aggregated spectrin. This aggregation of intermediate
      filaments was not induced by microinjection of irrelevant antibodies, nor was it
      induced by the monoclonal antibody against spectrin in cells with which it did
      not cross-react.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6371022
TI  - A domain-specific marker for the hepatocyte plasma membrane. III. Isolation of
      bile canalicular membrane by immunoadsorption.
AB  - Previous immunolabeling studies (Roman, L.M., and A.L. Hubbard, 1983, J. Cell
      Biol., 96:1548-1558; Roman, L.M., and A.L. Hubbard, 1984, J. Cell Biol., 98:1488
      1496, companion paper) established leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) as a specific
      marker for the bile canalicular (BC) domain of the rat hepatocyte plasma membrane
      (PM). In this study, we have isolated membrane from a sonicated PM vesicle
      fraction using anti-LAP-coated Staphylococcus aureus cells as a solid-phase
      immunoadsorbent. The extent and specificity of the immunoadsorption were assessed
      by following the behavior of LAP (the BC marker) and 32P-labeled membrane
      phospholipids (a uniform membrane marker). The BC fraction obtained was
      significantly enriched in LAP (yield: greater than 70% of PM-LAP). Alkaline
      phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, and a 110,000-dalton glycoprotein, HA-4, were
      enriched in the BC fraction to the same extent as LAP (enzyme or antigen/LAP =
      1.0). However, alkaline phosphodiesterase I was not enriched to the same degree
      (enzyme/LAP = 0.5). Contamination of this BC fraction by membrane derived from
      the sinusoidal domain and endoplasmic reticulum, as determined from the
      distribution of the asialoglycoprotein receptor and NADH cytochrome c reductase,
      respectively, was small (less than 13%).

PMID- 6371023
TI  - Microdomains of distinctive glycoprotein composition in the kidney proximal
      tubule brush border.
AB  - Two membrane proteins, maltase and gp330 (the pathogenic antigen of Heymann
      nephritis), present in the proximal tubule brush border have recently been
      independently purified and found to be large glycoproteins of similar molecular
      weight (Mr = approximately 300,000) by SDS PAGE. To determine the relationship
      between the two, monoclonal antibodies raised against the purified proteins were
      used for comparative immunochemical analyses and immunocytochemical localization.
      When a detergent extract of [35S]methionine-labeled rat renal cortex was used for
      immunoprecipitation with monoclonal antimaltase IgG, a single band of
      approximately 300 kdaltons was precipitated, whereas a single 330-kdalton band
      was precipitated with monoclonal anti-gp330 IgG. Monoclonal antimaltase (gp300)
      IgG also immunoprecipitated maltase activity from solubilized renal maltase
      preparations, whereas monoclonal anti-gp330 IgG failed to do so. When cyanogen
      bromide-generated peptide maps of the two proteins were compared, there were many
      similar peptides, but some differences. When maltase and gp330 were localized by
      indirect immunofluorescence and by indirect immunoperoxidase and immunogold
      techniques at the electron microscope level, they were found to be differently
      distributed in the brush border of the initial (S1 and S2) segments of the
      proximal tubule: maltase was concentrated (approximately 90%) on the microvilli,
      and gp330 was concentrated (approximately 90%) in the clathrin-coated apical
      invaginations located at the base of the microvilli. We conclude that maltase
      (gp300) and the Heymann nephritis antigen (gp330) are structurally related
      membrane glycoproteins with a distinctive distribution in the proximal tubule
      brush border which may serve as markers for the microvillar and coated
      microdomains, respectively, of the apical plasmalemma.

PMID- 6371024
TI  - Endogenous mammalian lectin localized extracellularly in lung elastic fibers.
AB  - An affinity-purified antibody preparation raised against a beta-galactoside
      binding lectin from bovine lung was used to localize a similar lectin in rat lung
      by immunofluorescence and by electron microscopy after on-grid staining
      visualized with colloidal gold conjugated second antibody. The endogenous
      mammalian lectin was found in smooth muscle cells and squamous alveolar
      epithelial (type I) cells and was concentrated extracellularly in elastic fibers
      of pulmonary parenchyma and blood vessels. The extracellular localization of this
      lectin suggests that it, like others, functions by interaction with extracellular
      glycoconjugates.

PMID- 6371025
TI  - Identification and characterization of podocalyxin--the major sialoprotein of the
      renal glomerular epithelial cell.
AB  - The glomerular epithelial polyanion is a specialized cell surface component found
      on renal glomerular epithelial cells (podocytes) that is rich in sialoprotein(s),
      as detected by staining with cationic dyes (colloidal iron, alcian blue) and
      wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). We have isolated rat glomeruli and analyzed their
      protein composition by SDS PAGE in 5-10% gradient gels. When the gels were
      stained with alcian blue or "Stains All," a single band with an apparent Mr of
      140,000 was detected that also stained very prominently with silver, but not with
      Coomassie Blue. This band predominated in fluorograms of gels of isolated
      glomeruli that had been labeled in their sialic acid residues by periodate
      [3H]borohydride. In lectin overlays, the 140-kilodalton (kd) band was virtually
      the only one that bound [125I]wheat germ agglutinin, and this binding could be
      prevented by predigestion with neuraminidase. [125I]Peanut lectin bound
      exclusively to the 140-kd band after neuraminidase treatment. An antibody was
      prepared that specifically recognizes only the 140-kd band by immunoprecipitation
      and immuneoverlay. By immunoperoxidase and immunogold techniques, it was
      localized to the surface coat of the glomerular epithelium and, less extensively,
      to that of endothelial cells. When analyzed (after electroelution from
      preparative SDS gels), the 140-kd band was found to contain approximately 20%
      hexose and approximately 4.5% sialic acid. These findings indicate that the 140
      kd protein is the major sialoprotein of the glomerulus, and it is the only
      component of glomerular lysates with an affinity for cationic dyes and lectins
      identical to that defined histochemically for the epithelial polyanion in situ.
      Since this molecule is a major component of the cell coat or glycocalyx of the
      podocytes, we have called it "podocalyxin."

PMID- 6371026
TI  - Evidence for the presence of calsequestrin in two structurally different regions
      of myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum.
AB  - Localization of calsequestrin in chicken ventricular muscle cells was determined
      by indirect immunofluorescence and immuno-Protein A-colloidal gold labeling of
      cryostat and ultracryotomy sections, respectively. Calsequestrin was localized in
      the lumen of peripheral junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum, as well as in the
      lumen of membrane-bound structures present in the central region of the I-band,
      while being absent from the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the A-band
      region of the cardiac muscle cells. Since chicken ventricular muscle cells lack
      transverse tubules, the presence of calsequestrin in membrane bound structures in
      the central region of the I-band suggests that these cells contain nonjunctional
      regions of sarcoplasmic reticulum that are involved in Ca2+ storage and possibly
      Ca2+ release. It is likely that the calsequestrin containing structures present
      throughout the I-band region of the muscle cells correspond to specialized
      regions of the free sarcoplasmic reticulum in the I-band called corbular
      sarcoplasmic reticulum. It will be of interest to determine whether Ca2+ storage
      and possibly Ca2+ release from junctional and nonjunctional regions of the
      sarcoplasmic reticulum in chicken ventricular muscle cells are regulated by the
      same or different physiological signals.

PMID- 6371027
TI  - Effect of serum and growth factors on heat sensitivity in Swiss mouse 3T3 cells.
AB  - Quiescent Swiss mouse 3T3 cells react to a heat treatment at 46 degrees C for 20
      min by changing their flat, well-extended morphology to a round appearance with
      retracted cytoplasmic processes during the subsequent 2 h at 37 degrees C. The
      percentage of morphologically changed cells was used to quantify changes in heat
      sensitivity, or resistance, in response to mitogenic stimulation. Stimulating
      quiescent cells with serum or with the specific growth factors epidermal growth
      factor (EGF) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) markedly increased the heat
      resistance to a 46 degrees C treatment, but only when the heat treatment, but
      only when the heat treatment was applied within 2-3 h after the addition. When
      insulin (which is not mitogenic, but synergistic with EGF and PGF2 alpha in these
      cells) was added alone or in combination with either EGF or PGF2 alpha, it has no
      effect on the development of heat resistance. Neither did cycloheximide nor
      tunicamycin inhibit heat resistance induced by EGF, and cycloheximide even
      enhanced it after 2-4 h. However, adding colcemid before or at the beginning of
      the heat treatment abolished the increased heat resistance. The results indicate
      that the resistance to a single heat treatment at 46 degrees C may be related to
      changes in the metabolic state after mitogenic stimulation, even though these
      changes need not be reflected in the rate of entry into S phase. Furthermore, the
      cytoskeletal organization appears to be a crucial component in heat resistance of
      Swiss 3T3 cells.

PMID- 6371028
TI  - Chinese hamster ovary cell variants resistant to monensin, an ionophoric
      antibiotic. II. Growth requirement for insulin and altered insulin-receptor
      activity.
AB  - From the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell, genetic variants (MonR-31 and MonR-32)
      relatively resistant to monensin, an ionophoric antibiotic, have been isolated.
      Growth of both MonR-31 and MonR-32 clones required higher doses of serum than
      CHO. Addition of insulin to media containing a low dose of serum restored full
      colony formation, but growth of MonR-31 or MonR-32 cells required more insulin
      than CHO cells. Specific binding of [125I]insulin was observed in these cell
      lines. The two MonR clones bound about one-half or less the [125I]insulin bound
      by CHO cells. Scatchard analysis for [125I]insulin binding at 4 degrees C and 37
      degrees C showed altered number of binding sites, but not insulin affinity: The
      number of binding sites in the MonR cell was about a half or less that of the
      parental CHO cell. Down-regulation of insulin receptor was assayed when both CHO
      and MonR cells were incubated with 1 microgram/ml insulin. A 50-60% decrease in
      levels of insulin surface binding capacities was observed in CHO after exposure
      to insulin, whereas there was no decrease in MonR cell. The cellular uptake of 2
      [3H]deoxyglucose into CHO cells was significantly enhanced in the presence of
      insulin, but only slight, if any, increase was observed in MonR cells.

PMID- 6371029
TI  - Regulation of mitotic activity and the cell cycle in primary chick muscle cells
      by neurotransferrin.
AB  - We previously demonstrated that neurotransferrin (NTF), a transferrin extracted
      from adult chicken peripheral nerves, promotes growth of primary chick muscle
      cells in the absence of embryo extract. NTF was shown to stimulate DNA synthesis
      and cell proliferation. In the present study, we demonstrate that NTF is a
      mitogen using two independent methods; counts of orcein-stained mitotic figures
      and analysis of cell cycle kinetics with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. In
      low-density cultures mitotic activity increases with increasing doses of NTF
      followed by a plateau at concentrations greater than 6 micrograms/ml. Residual,
      embryonic mitotic activity progressively declines with time after plating muscle
      cells in the absence of NTF. Absence of NTF for 2 days causes cells to lose
      irreversibly their myogenic potential. In the presence of NTF, mitotic activity
      increases for 2 days followed by a decline concurrent with myoblast fusion and
      formation of myotubes. Cell cycle analysis showed that NTF addition causes cell
      populations to shift from G1 to S and G2 + M within 18.5 hr. Muscle cells, plated
      at high densities in the absence of NTF, show mitotic activities similar to those
      plated at low densities in the presence of NTF. Addition of NTF to high-density
      cultures is ineffective in stimulating mitosis. These studies show that at
      typical cell plating densities, NTF is a required mitogen for primary chick
      muscle cell cultures.

PMID- 6371030
TI  - Antibody-induced membrane fusion in Paramecium.
AB  - Immobilization of cells by specific immune serum involves crosslinking between
      immunoglobulin G (IgG) and the i-antigen in the cell membrane. Globular material
      is seen to accumulate at the ciliary tips by phase-contrast and fluorescence
      microscopy in a manner analogous to 'capping' in more typical eukaryotes. When
      immobilized cells of Paramecium are examined by scanning electron microscopy, the
      fused ciliary tips are seen to be distended, discoidal membranes. Transmission
      electron microscopy often reveals several ciliary axonemes enclosed within a
      single, enlarged membrane that is oriented with the ferritin-labelled second
      antibody directed against the i-antigen antibody on the outer surface only. Fixed
      cells or living cells treated with immune Fab do not show membrane changes, but
      do bind antibody. Membrane fusion occurs only if cells are alive and the i
      antigen is directly or indirectly cross-linked by intact immune IgG.

PMID- 6371031
TI  - Inactivation of mitotic factors by ultraviolet irradiation of HeLa cells in
      mitosis.
AB  - Extracts from mitotic HeLa cells, when injected into fully grown Xenopus laevis
      oocytes, exhibit maturation-promoting activity (MPA) indicated by germinal
      vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and chromosome condensation. Recently, we observed that
      the MPA of mitotic cell extracts is neutralized by the inhibitors of mitotic
      factors (IMF) in HeLa cells, which are activated at telophase and remain active
      throughout the G1 period. The activity of the IMF coincides with the process of
      chromosome decondensation, which begins at telophase and continues until the
      beginning of S phase, when chromatin reaches its most decondensed state. The
      objective of the present study was to investigate whether these two phenomena -
      chromosome decondensation and the activation of IMF - were related. The activity
      of IMF was measured in N2O-blocked mitotic HeLa cells, in which chromosome
      decondensation was induced by exposure to ultraviolet light, and subsequent
      incubation in medium containing inhibitors of DNA synthesis, hydroxyurea and
      arabinosylcytosine (araC). u.v. irradiation activated IMF was seen even at very
      high doses of X-irradiation. The IMF seemed to inactivate the mitotic factors
      directly by forming a complex that precipitated on heating at 60 degrees C for 15
      min. Mg2+ or polyamines (i.e. spermine, spermidine, and putrescine), agents known
      to promote chromatin condensation partially restored the MPA of the u.v.
      irradiated mitotic cell extracts. These results tend to support the conclusion
      that the IMF play a role in the decondensation of chromosomes.

PMID- 6371032
TI  - [Severe tracheobronchial complications of the ingestion of caustics in adults. A
      case of perforation healed with a pulmonary patch].
AB  - Since 1969, in a study of 100 patients hospitalized for severe caustic ingestion
      meeding intensive surgery, the authors have found 9 cases of critical tracheo
      bronchic burns characterized by necrotic lesions. Those lesions constitute a
      severe complication (6 deaths amongst 9 patients) thus the obsolute necessity of
      precocius and repeated tracheobronchic fiber endoscopies. In case of an
      ulcerating or pre-splitting aspect appearing in localised necrotic lesions, the
      authors preconise in emergency a tracheobronchic plasty using a lung patch. Other
      treatments are discussed.

PMID- 6371033
TI  - [Problems posed by massive hemorrhages of colorectal origin. Apropos of 12 case
      reports].
AB  - Urgent surgical operation to treat massive hemmorrhage of colorectal origin was
      necessary in 12 patients: --colon diverticulosis: 7 cases, --cecal
      angiodysplasia: 1 case, --pancreatocolic fistula: 1 case, --ischemic colitis: 2
      cases, --post-radiation therapy rectitis: 1 case. Lesions exclused from
      discussion in this report and provoking hemorrhage were colorectal tumors,
      chronic inflammatsry colitis, rectosigmoid angiomatosis, and post-traumatic or
      iatrogenic lesions. After a definition of massive hemmorrhage based on pre
      operative transfusional requirements, the exploratory procedures necessary for
      localization of the site of the hemorrhage or for detecting a right colon
      angiodysplasia are discussed. Bimesenteric arteriography represents the
      exploration of choice, but its usefulness is limited in patients with several
      risk factors and an average age of 70 years. The respective values of a barium
      enema and peroperative endoscopy in this particular context are also discussed.
      Elective surgery should be performed only when the exact site of bleeding has
      been determined or when an angiodysplasia is present. Particular problems arise
      when treating diffuse colon diverticulosis hemorrhage, and that provoked by the
      association of an angiodysplasia and a diverticulosis, as well as hemorrhagic
      lesions that may require emergency therapy in much rarer affections: ischemic
      colitis, pancreatocolic fistula, iliosigmoidal fistula, colorectal varices, colon
      and rectal ulcers, and colorectal radiolesions.

PMID- 6371034
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of insulin.
AB  - The elution behaviour of a selection of sequence variant and modified insulins
      has been compared on a C18 reversed-phase column. Observed elution times were
      compared with those expected from the nature of the differences from bovine
      insulin. In some cases prediction rules established for peptides are adequate to
      explain the observed elution and in others detailed knowledge of the structure of
      the protein is of considerable importance in understanding elution behaviour.

PMID- 6371035
TI  - Purification of soluble specific antigens of systemic candidiasis by antibody
      affinity chromatography.
AB  - Serological methods can be applied to the diagnosis of systemic candidiasis, but
      cell wall mannans can detect antibodies occurring in several cases unrelated to
      candidiasis. The present study proposes a procedure for the preparation of
      specific antigens obtained from an experimental infectious model. The specific
      immunoglobulins were obtained from rabbits with chronic systemic candidiasis.
      After precipitation by ammonium sulfate and purification by ion-exchange
      chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50, these immunoglobulins were fixed on
      cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose 4B and used for the preparation of an
      affinity chromatography column. This column allowed isolation of specifically
      bound fractions of Candida albicans soluble antigens. When analyzed by
      quantitative immunoelectrophoresis with a polyvalent hyperimmune antiserum, these
      fractions showed eight precipitation lines, whereas the complete soluble antigen
      exhibited 48 lines. Possible applications of these antigens to specific
      serodiagnosis of systemic candidiasis are being evaluated.

PMID- 6371036
TI  - Jose Rizal (1861-1896).

PMID- 6371037
TI  - Determining causation--a case study: adrenocorticosteroids and osteoporosis.
      Should the fear of inducing clinically important osteoporosis influence the
      decision to prescribe adrenocorticosteroids?
AB  - It is generally accepted that exogenous adrenocorticosteroids cause clinically
      important osteoporosis. We have reviewed the evidence regarding causation in two
      stages: an examination of the strength of the methods used, and an application of
      five "diagnostic tests" for causation. The methods that have been used to
      investigate the association are weak: there have been no randomized clinical
      trials or prospective cohort studies. The measures of bone density used to
      quantify osteoporosis do not bear a close relation to clinically important
      outcomes. Nine analytic surveys and two before-after studies have examined the
      relation between steroids and osteoporosis. Although some have shown a strong
      relation, this finding has not been consistent. Evidence regarding temporality ,
      dose-response gradient, and underlying mechanisms are conflicting. The available
      evidence does not substantiate a causal role of exogenous adrenocorticosteroids
      in producing clinically important osteoporosis, and does not support withholding
      steroid therapy on the basis of fears of osteoporosis induced pain and
      disability.

PMID- 6371038
TI  - Prevention of age-associated loss of autonomy: epidemiological approaches.
AB  - The concept of autonomy is proposed as a global objective of health and social
      services and epidemiological contributions to devising procedures for maintaining
      autonomy of old people are reviewed. It is suggested that the conventional model
      of "normal" vs "pathological" aging, identification of the "elderly" as a
      separate adult age group and preoccupation with clinical as opposed to public
      health models of intervention and with service provision rather than with
      clients' needs are less than optimal. More attention should also be given to the
      identification of extrinsic factors in aging and to recognising ways in which the
      effects of aging are aggravated by social conditions and unrelieved by
      ineffectual and inappropriate services. Epidemiology has more to contribute to
      meeting the challenges of aging than is generally recognised.

PMID- 6371039
TI  - Comparison of the Roche Septi-Chek blood culture bottle with a brain heart
      infusion biphasic medium bottle and with a tryptic soy broth bottle.
AB  - In a comparison of 1,368 positive blood cultures, a vented Roche Septi-Chek (V
      RSC) blood culture bottle was superior to an unvented tryptic soy broth
      containing bottle (Difco) for the recovery of all aerobic and facultatively
      anaerobic microorganisms. Anaerobic bacteria were recovered more frequently and
      earlier in the unvented tryptic soy broth-containing bottle. A separate
      comparison of 529 positive blood cultures was conducted to examine the
      performance of the V-RSC bottle with that of a vented brain heart infusion
      biphasic medium. The V-RSC bottle recovered significantly more isolates of
      Enterobacteriaceae and of anaerobic bacteria than did the vented brain heart
      infusion biphasic medium. The V-RSC bottle is a reliable blood culture system for
      all aerobic and facultatively anaerobic microorganisms. Because of its suboptimal
      recovery of anaerobic bacteria, it is recommended that the V-RSC bottle be used
      in combination with an unvented vacuum blood culture bottle.

PMID- 6371040
TI  - Use of the API NeIdent system for identification of pathogenic Neisseria spp. and
      Branhamella catarrhalis.
AB  - The API NeIdent system (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.) was evaluated for
      identifying Neisseria spp. and Branhamella catarrhalis commonly isolated from
      clinical specimens. The system identified 90% of 303 Neisseria gonorrhoeae
      isolates, 71% of 113 Neisseria meningitidis isolates, and 63% of 16 Neisseria
      lactamica isolates but failed to identify any of 22 B. catarrhalis isolates.
      Testing of gonococcal strains of various auxotypes revealed no relationship
      between nutritional requirements and NeIdent profile numbers. With the Neisseria
      species, interpretation of the cinnamaldehyde-coupled beta-naphthylamine
      reactions was difficult and resulted in profile numbers not listed in the Profile
      Register. Positive resazurin-glucose reactions resulted in unlisted numbers for
      all B. catarrhalis strains. Inconsistent results were also obtained when 62 N.
      gonorrhoeae isolates were tested more than once on the strip. In all cases,
      profile variability and failure to identify these organisms were related to the
      beta-naphthylamide substrate tests. Expansion of the data base and modification
      of the substrate formulations or their interpretive criteria may increase the
      reliability of the NeIdent system for identifying Neisseria spp. and B.
      catarrhalis.

PMID- 6371041
TI  - Etiological diagnosis of influenza A virus by enzymatic radioimmunoassay.
AB  - An enzymatic radioimmunoassay for influenza A virus was developed by using
      polystyrene beads coated with rabbit immunoglobulin G to capture viral
      hemagglutinins (H1 and H3). Captured hemagglutinin was detected with goat
      immunoglobulin G followed by affinity-purified rabbit anti-goat immunoglobulin G
      labeled with alkaline phosphatase. [3H]AMP was added to quantify alkaline
      phosphatase activity, and free [3H]adenosine was measured with a scintillation
      counter. The assay detected as little as 0.1 ng of purified hemagglutinin. It was
      specific for hemagglutinin subtype and, depending on the source of the goat
      immunoglobulin G used, detected either H1 or H3. There was no reaction with
      neuraminidase or core antigens of influenza strain WSN-33. The clinical efficacy
      of the assay was evaluated with sequential nasal washes from 33 patients with
      naturally acquired H1N1 influenza. In the first 3 days of infection, the assay
      was consistently less sensitive than the viral culture, although detectable
      antigen persisted in secretions longer than did the infectious virus. Testing of
      multiple samples greatly increased the number of individuals in whom an
      etiological diagnosis could be made by immunoassay (81% of patients were positive
      for viral antigens at some point in their illness), and such testing was
      necessary to achieve the sensitivity of a single culture. Mean antigen levels
      were highest in nasal washes with the highest titers of infectious virus.

PMID- 6371042
TI  - Clinical laboratory and epidemiological investigations of a Streptococcus
      pyogenes cluster epidemic in a newborn nursery.
AB  - Streptococcus pyogenes, nontypable with available M antisera, T type 12, and
      reactive in the serum opacity test, produced various lesions in 10 newborn
      infants during a 2-month period. All infants except one were discharged from the
      nursery before overt disease manifestations. Colonization studies of newborn
      infants showed a streptococcal carrier rate of 19% (27 of 140). Only 1 of 154
      staff members yielded the same streptococcus from the throat, but it could not be
      implicated as the source for the outbreak. Cohorting of infants and chlorhexidine
      gluconate hand washing by staff members helped in terminating this cluster
      epidemic.

PMID- 6371043
TI  - Rapid visual detection of Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae Heat-labile
      enterotoxins by nitrocellulose enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
AB  - A modification of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for a sensitive and rapid
      visual detection of heat-labile enterotoxins from Escherichia coli and Vibrio
      cholerae is described. Small amounts of bacterial supernatant fluids are bound to
      nitrocellulose filters which are used as sorbents in the nitrocellulose enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay. The test is based on the immunological similarity
      between V. cholerae and E. coli heat-labile enterotoxins. Six isolates of V.
      cholerae and 48 isolates of E. coli were examined for heat-labile enterotoxins by
      the nitrocellulose enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the Vero cell bioassay.
      With some strains, the nitrocellulose enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was found
      to be more sensitive for detection of E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin than the
      Vero cell test. A similar result was obtained by endpoint titration of heat
      labile enterotoxin-positive E. coli H10407 culture fluid in both assays. The
      sensitivity of the nitrocellulose enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the
      detection of purified cholera toxin was at a total level of 1 ng, which is a good
      result when compared with other serological assays.

PMID- 6371044
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for evaluation of immunity to measles virus.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of immunity to measles
      virus was developed and standardized; it was compared to the hemagglutination
      inhibition and plaque reduction neutralization methods for sensitivity and
      specificity. The conditions of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were
      adjusted such that groups of susceptible and immune individuals were clearly
      separable on the basis of the reactivity of a single (1:100) dilution of their
      sera to viral and control antigens. The range of values corresponding to
      susceptibility and immunity was defined by using the distribution of values
      observed from testing sera obtained from susceptible and immune control groups.
      The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was then applied in a study of measles
      vaccinees and found to be more sensitive than the hemagglutination inhibition
      method and equal in sensitivity to the plaque reduction neutralization method.
      The three methods were equal in specificity. Thus, the measles virus enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay is a rapid, reproducible, sensitive, and specific
      method for screening for the presence of measles antibody.

PMID- 6371045
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Staphylococcus aureus alpha
      toxin.
AB  - A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for measuring
      Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin. This assay was 500 to 1,000 times more
      sensitive than the commonly used hemolytic titration assay and was less variable.
      The binding of alpha-toxin to the adsorbed antibody was most effective after an
      overnight incubation at 27 degrees C. The toxin was detectable even at a log2 17
      dilution of an S. aureus culture supernatant.

PMID- 6371046
TI  - Colony incompatibility studies of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O126 isolated
      during one outbreak.
AB  - Strains of heat-stable enterotoxin-producing Escherichia coli belonging to O
      group O126 isolated during an outbreak of gastroenteritis were studied by the
      colony incompatibility phenomenon. They were compared with other isolates of
      O126. All of the outbreak strains except one appeared related in these studies
      and were different from all other strains studied. The one different outbreak
      strain was isolated 6 weeks after all of the others and may represent some new
      factor. The study demonstrated the potential usefulness of monitoring strains
      during an outbreak for relatedness.

PMID- 6371047
TI  - Rapid detection of group B streptococcal antigen by monoclonal antibody sandwich
      enzyme assay.
AB  - Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the most common cause of neonatal sepsis and
      meningitis. Infants at greatest risk to develop invasive disease are delivered to
      women colonized with GBS in their birth canals and lacking immunity to the
      colonizing serotype. We have investigated the sensitivity and specificity of a
      recently developed monoclonal antibody sandwich enzyme immunoassay for detection
      of GBS antigen. The sandwich enzyme immunoassay detected types II and III GBS at
      a concentration of 5 X 10(4) CFU/ml and types Ia and Ib GBS at 5 X 10(5) CFU/ml.
      No cross-reactions were noted when each of the GBS serotypes was reacted with
      antibodies of differing serotypes specificities. Type III GBS native antigen was
      detected at a concentration of 1 ng/ml. The sandwich enzyme assay is more
      sensitive than other methods currently in use for rapid detection of GBS and is
      serotype specific. This assay system should prove useful for the detection of GBS
      colonization during labor and for identification of neonates with invasive
      disease.

PMID- 6371048
TI  - Retrospective examination of lung tissue specimens for the presence of Legionella
      organisms: comparison of an indirect fluorescent-antibody system with direct
      fluorescent-antibody testing.
AB  - Although direct fluorescent-antibody (DFA) testing has been used successfully for
      a number of years to detect legionellae in clinical specimens, the number of
      known species and serogroups of Legionella has now increased to such an extent
      that the performance of DFA testing for all serological variants is impractical.
      Lung homogenates that were submitted to the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta,
      Ga., from patients with suspected legionellosis, from November 1977 through May
      1982, were originally screened by DFA testing. In our study 498 of these lung
      homogenates were screened by indirect fluorescent-antibody (IFA) testing, using a
      panvalent antiserum pool containing antibodies to 25 serological variants of
      Legionella spp. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled goat anti-rabbit
      immunoglobulin was used as the second antibody of the sandwich system. For
      positive homogenates, i.e., those containing Legionella organisms, species and
      serogroup identification was made by IFA staining with polyvalent serum pools and
      then with monovalent antiserum. Of the 498 homogenates screened, 39 (7.8%) were
      positive by IFA testing. Four (0.8% of total; 10.3% of positive homogenates) of
      these had previously been negative by DFA testing, but subsequent testing showed
      that they contained Legionella organisms for which DFA reagents were not
      available at the initial screening. All specimens that were positive by DFA
      testing were also positive by IFA testing. IFA testing with polyvalent antisera
      is a simple, efficient method which is at least as sensitive as DFA testing and
      which can be used by clinical laboratories to cope with the increasing number of
      known serological variants of Legionella spp.

PMID- 6371049
TI  - Prevalence of heat-stable II enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in pigs, water, and
      people at farms in Thailand as determined by DNA hybridization.
AB  - The DNA hybridization assay employing a 460-base-pair fragment of DNA encoding
      for the methanol-insoluble form of heat-stable toxin (ST-II) was used to
      determine the prevalence of ST-II enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in
      pigs, people, and water at 57 farms in Sri Racha, Thailand. ST-II ETEC was found
      in 62 (3%) of 2,110 suckling, 181 (32%) of 560 weaned, and 4 (1%) of 457 adult
      pigs examined. Of 62 suckling pigs with ST-II ETEC infections 21% had diarrhea,
      but none of 185 infected older pigs had diarrhea. ST-II ETEC was found more
      frequently in suckling pigs with diarrhea than without diarrhea (13 of 146 versus
      49 of 1,964) (P less than 0.001). ST-II ETEC was detected in water collected from
      3 of 57 clay jars containing water used to bathe at three pig farms, in 1 jar
      used to bathe immediately after working in the barn, and from one farmer who did
      not have a recent history of diarrhea. Evidence of this organism was not found in
      245 other individuals living on the pig farms or in 220 inhabitants and 114 water
      specimens collected at tapioca farms nearby. In Thailand ST-II ETEC was found in
      suckling pigs with diarrhea but was infrequently found in humans.

PMID- 6371050
TI  - Collaborative clinical evaluation of the Autobac IDX system for identification of
      gram-negative bacilli.
AB  - The Autobac IDX system (General Diagnostics, Warner-Lambert Co., Morris Plains,
      N.J.) for rapid, semiautomated identification of gram-negative bacilli was
      compared with the identification methods in routine use in four laboratories. The
      study included 1,515 organisms representing 30 species of enteric and nonenteric
      bacteria. Discrepancies between the results of the IDX system and routine methods
      were resolved by classical biochemical testing at a reference center. Overall,
      98% of the organisms were correctly identified by the routine methods, and 93%
      were correctly identified by the IDX systems. After adjustment for frequency of
      clinical occurrence of the organisms tested, the IDX system performed with 95%
      accuracy. Results with the IDX system were available in 3 to 6 h. Results with
      the comparative methods were available in 4 to 48 h. A wide variety of organisms,
      including oxidase positive, oxidase negative, fermentative, and nonfermentative,
      were identified by a single system by using Autobac. Three or more systems were
      required to identify the 30 species by the comparative methods. Overall, the
      results indicate the Autobac IDX system is useful for the rapid identification of
      enteric and nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli.

PMID- 6371053
TI  - Denturism's challenge to the licensure system.

PMID- 6371051
TI  - Streptococcus pyogenes streptolysin O as a cause of false-positive CAMP
      reactions.
AB  - The synergistic hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes in the CAMP reaction by the
      sequential action of staphylococcal beta-lysin and the CAMP factor of group B
      streptococci is the only known function of this extracellular product of group B
      streptococci. The reaction forms the basis of the CAMP test used to identify
      group B streptococci because the CAMP factor is believed to be restricted to this
      group of organisms. However, on occasion other streptococci, notably group A
      streptococci, may produce a similar synergistic lysis of sheep erythrocytes. The
      nature of the synergistic lytic factor of group A streptococci responsible for
      this sequential hemolysis was investigated in a tube CAMP reaction system. The
      properties of this synergistic lytic factor were found to correspond to those of
      streptolysin O of group A streptococci. The synergistic lytic factor, like
      streptolysin O, was produced during the logarithmic phase of growth; the activity
      was increased by reducing agents and greatly decreased or abolished by heat,
      trypsin, cholesterol, and anti-streptolysin O, and it was immunogenic in rabbits.
      This would suggest that the synergistic hemolysis seen in the CAMP reaction
      system with group A streptococci is due to the action of those small amounts of
      streptolysin O which remain unoxidized and thus have a capacity to lyse the
      fragile beta-lysin-treated sheep erythrocytes.

PMID- 6371052
TI  - Detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae in lower respiratory tract specimens by
      anaerobic culture technique.
AB  - The relative efficacy of aerobic and anaerobic culture techniques for the
      recovery of Streptococcus pneumoniae from 1,173 lower respiratory tract specimens
      was determined. Unlike previous studies, this investigation found no significant
      difference between the two techniques.

PMID- 6371054
TI  - The UMWA health care program for miners: culprit or victim?

PMID- 6371055
TI  - Surface-mediated defense reactions. The plasma contact activation system.

PMID- 6371056
TI  - Effect of human polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocytes on chromosomal and
      plasmid DNA of Escherichia coli. Role of acid DNase.
AB  - Phagocytosis and killing by polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocytes are
      important host resistance factors against invading microorganisms. Evidence
      showing that killing is rapidly followed by degradation of bacterial components
      is limited. Therefore, we studied the fate of Escherichia coli DNA following
      phagocytosis of E. coli by polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocytes.
      [3H]thymidine-labeled, unencapsulated E. coli PC2166 and E. coli 048K1 were
      incubated in serum, washed, and added to leukocytes. Uptake and killing of the
      bacteria and degradation of DNA were measured. Although phagocytosis and killing
      by mononuclear leukocytes was less efficient than that by polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes, only mononuclear leukocytes were able to degrade E. coli PC2166 DNA.
      Within 2 h, 60% of the radioactivity added to mononuclear leukocytes was released
      into the supernate, of which 40% was acid soluble. DNA of E. coli 048K1 was not
      degraded. To further analyze the capacity of mononuclear leukocytes to degrade E.
      coli DNA, chromosomal and plasmid DNA was isolated from ingested bacteria and
      subjected to agarose gel-electrophoresis. Only chromosomal DNA was degraded after
      phagocytosis. Plasmid DNA of E. coli carrying a gene coding for ampicillin
      resistance remained intact for a 2-h period after ingestion, and was still able
      to transform recipient E. coli cells after this period. Although we observed no
      DNA degradation during phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lysates of
      both polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocytes contained acid-DNase activity
      with a pH optimum of 4.9. However, the DNase activity of mononuclear leukocytes
      was 20 times higher than that of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. No difference was
      observed between DNase activity from polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocytes
      from a chronic granulomatous disease patient with DNase activity from control
      polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocytes.

PMID- 6371057
TI  - Human insulin B24 (Phe----Ser). Secretion and metabolic clearance of the abnormal
      insulin in man and in a dog model.
AB  - We have already demonstrated that a hyperinsulinemic, diabetic subject secreted
      an abnormal insulin in which serine replaced phenylalanine B24 (Shoelson S., M.
      Fickova, M. Haneda, A. Nahum, G. Musso, E. T. Kaiser, A. H. Rubenstein, and H.
      Tager. 1983. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 80:7390-7394). High performance liquid
      chromatography analysis now shows that the circulating insulin in several other
      family members also consists of a mixture of the abnormal human insulin B24 (Phe-
      --Ser) and normal human insulin in a ratio of approximately 9.5:1 during fasting.
      Although all affected subjects show fasting hyperinsulinemia, only the propositus
      and her father are overtly diabetic. Analysis of the serum insulin from two
      nondiabetic siblings revealed that normal insulin increased from approximately 2
      to 15% of total serum insulin after the ingestion of glucose and that the
      proportion of the normal hormone plateaued or fell while the level of total
      insulin continued to rise. Animal studies involving the graded intraportal
      infusion of equimolar amounts of semisynthetic human [SerB24]-insulin and normal
      human insulin in pancreatectomized dogs (to simulate the secretion of insulin due
      to oral glucose in man) also showed both a rise in the fraction of normal insulin
      that reached the periphery and the attainment of a brief steady state in this
      fraction while total insulin levels continued to rise. Separate experiments
      documented a decreased hepatic extraction, a decreased metabolic clearance rate,
      and an increased plasma half-life of human [SerB24]-insulin within the same
      parameters as those determined for normal human insulin. These results form a
      basis for considering (a) the differential clearance of low activity abnormal
      insulins and normal insulin from the circulation in vivo, and (b) the causes of
      hyperinsulinemia in both diabetic and nondiabetic individuals who secrete
      abnormal human insulins.

PMID- 6371059
TI  - Simple method for development of sensitive and specific antiinsulin antisera for
      laboratory use.
AB  - Commercial sources provide good, though expensive antiinsulin antisera. We
      describe here a simple, fast and inexpensive method for the production of
      antiinsulin antisera. Purified pork insulin (Lente) was injected subcutaneously
      in oil/water/complete Freund adjuvant mixture. Three guinea pigs received 0.25 mg
      of insulin and three received 0.5 mg of insulin. Subsequent injections of the
      same dose were done 40 and 60 days later. Five animals developed antisera with
      titers superior to 1:10,000 40 days after the primary inoculation. Four out of
      five guinea pigs improved further their antibody titer after the 2nd and 3rd
      injection (p less than 0.0005). Good sensitivity was associated with titers
      superior to 1:50,000 and appeared only after the 2nd injection to improve further
      after the 3rd. Thus, four out of six animals developed antiinsulin antisera
      suitable for the radioimmunoassay (RIA). The antisera bound proinsulin on an
      equimolar basis with insulin while glucagon was not bound up to 100 ng/ml. The
      minimum detectable insulin concentration was about 12 pg (0.3 microU) at the
      optimum antiserum dilution. Six animals given a small dose of insulin (0.06 mg)
      developed antisera of a low titer and sensitivity, unsuitable for the RIA.

PMID- 6371058
TI  - Insulin suppresses growth hormone secretion by rat pituitary cells.
AB  - The effects of insulin on basal and hydrocortisone-induced growth hormone (GH)
      secretion were studied in rat pituitary tumor cells (GH3). Cells were grown in
      monolayer culture and exposed to exogenously added insulin for up to 8 d. Basal
      GH secretion was inhibited by insulin (0.7 nM) after a 48-h lag period by
      approximately 50% (P less than 0.01, vs. untreated control cells). The
      suppression of GH secretion was reversible, as removal of added insulin resulted
      in return of GH secretion to normal levels after 24 h. Maximal suppression of
      basal GH secretion was achieved by 0.7 nM insulin, and these effects were
      prevented by simultaneous exposure of the cells to guinea pig anti-insulin serum
      (1:2,000). No effects of insulin on cell replication were evident, and glucose
      concentration in the medium did not differ in control or insulin-treated wells.
      Insulin (7 nM) significantly suppressed the fivefold hydrocortisone-induced GH
      stimulation during 5 d of incubation with up to 1,000 nM of the steroid (P less
      than 0.001). These inhibitory effects were similarly observed in glucose- and
      pyruvate-free medium, and in the presence of 2-deoxyglucose. Insulin also
      reversed the suppression of prolactin (PRL) secretion induced by hydrocortisone
      (1 uM), and actually stimulated basal PRL secretion by over 50%. Insulin did not
      alter the inhibitory effect of hydrocortisone on GH3 cell proliferation. Although
      higher doses (13 nM) of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) also suppressed basal
      GH secretion, IGF-I did not alter the GH and PRL secretory changes induced by
      hydrocortisone. The results show that insulin exerts a direct, specific
      inhibitory effect on basal and hydrocortisone-induced GH secretion by GH3 cells
      unrelated to glucose utilization by the cells.

PMID- 6371060
TI  - Therapeutic progress--review XII. Treatment of multiple myeloma.

PMID- 6371061
TI  - Effect of age on the periodontium.
AB  - It is generally known that the degree of periodontal breakdown increases with
      increasing age. The extent to which aging of periodontal tissues plays a part in
      this respect poses a question which is yet to be answered. Aging proves to be
      accompanied by a variety of periodontal changes. The periodontal tissues
      themselves show evidence of aging, there are indications that the composition of
      the plaque changes, and the reaction of the periodontium to the presence of
      plaque probably changes as well. There is as yet no sufficient evidence of a
      physiological apical migration of the epithelial attachment in human subjects. It
      seems plausible that periodontal breakdown can occur only in the presence of
      plaque with consequent inflammation of the periodontium, or as a result of
      trauma. Whether changes in plaque composition with age exert any influence on the
      course of periodontal breakdown is uncertain: the data available are not yet
      sufficient to warrant definite conclusions. The same applies to the influence
      which a changing reaction of the periodontium to the presence of plaque may have
      on the course of periodontal breakdown. Research findings do suggest that the
      degree of periodontal breakdown increases with age, that with increasing age
      inflammation of the periodontium tends to develop more rapidly and that in the
      process of aging the periodontium shows a slower rate of wound healing. However,
      these phenomena are overshadowed by the patients' susceptibility to periodontal
      disease. This implies that (1) the susceptibility to periodontal disease is more
      significant for the rate of periodontal destruction than the length of time
      plaque is present (the age effect) and (2) the greater the susceptibility to
      periodontal disease, the slower the rate of wound healing and the more rapidly
      inflammation of the periodontium tends to develop.

PMID- 6371063
TI  - An appraisal of codeine as an analgesic: single-dose analysis.
AB  - Codeine, a relatively weak oral narcotic agent, is the most frequently prescribed
      oral opiate drug. It is also frequently utilized as a control drug in comparative
      analgesic efficacy studies. These studies are often single dose analysis of pain
      relief following surgery or childbirth. We conducted a single dose, post
      operative analysis of 116 patients who were randomly assigned to receive codeine
      60 mg, acetaminophen 600 mg, the combination of codeine and acetaminophen at
      these doses, or a placebo. Only the combination agent was uniformly superior to
      placebo. Codeine 60 mg was not consistently superior to placebo in this post
      operative single dose analysis. A review of the literature confirms the
      difficulty in unequivocally establishing the value of codeine as an analgesic, in
      acceptable oral doses, in the single dose setting. Previous reports, however,
      suggest that the multiple doses of codeine may afford adequate analgesia.
      Interpretation of single dose studies with extrapolation to repeated dosing in
      the practice setting is difficult.

PMID- 6371064
TI  - Cognitive complexity, rhetorical sensitivity: contributing factors in clinical
      skill?
AB  - Rhetorical sensitivity and cognitive complexity, measures of interpersonal
      sensitivity and complexity of interpersonal construct systems, were investigated
      in this study as they relate to clinical skill. A clinical evaluation tool was
      developed and validated in order to identify outstanding and failing clinicians.
      Cognitive complexity and rhetorical sensitivity data were collected and analyzed
      to compare two groups of clinicians representing the extremes of clinical
      ability. Outstanding and failing clinicians were not differentiated on the basis
      of these measures. The clinical implications of these findings were addressed.

PMID- 6371062
TI  - The effects of a new thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, CGS-13080, in man.
AB  - CGS-13080 is a new potent selective inhibitor of thromboxane synthetase. This
      study reports the results of a safety and efficacy study of single oral doses in
      normal healthy volunteers. The compound was well tolerated by all subjects
      without evidence of any adverse reactions. Serum thromboxane B2 levels (the
      stable metabolic product of thromboxane A2) were significantly reduced after
      administration of the compound, with the maximal effect of a 99 per cent
      reduction occurring at 0.5 and 1 hour after administration. There was a
      concomitant increase in PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (the stable metabolic product
      of PGI2), suggesting a shunting of cyclic endoperoxide metabolism. The apparent
      half-life of the compound is about 1 hour, but return to 50 per cent of the
      original thromboxane B2 levels was achieved between 4 and 6 hours. Platelet
      aggregation to collagen and bleeding times failed to demonstrate significant
      changes after drug administration. Bleeding times showed a slight increase 2
      hours after administration of the compound.

PMID- 6371065
TI  - An immunocytochemical study of the serotonergic innervation of the thalamus of
      the rat.
AB  - The serotonergic innervation of the rat thalamus was studied with an indirect
      immunocytochemical technique using an antiserum raised against a serotonin
      hemocyanin conjugate in animals pretreated with L-tryptophan and a monoamine
      oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. When pretreatment was not used there was a decrease in
      the number of immunoreactive fibers observed in the thalamic region. Innervation
      was greatest in nucleus ventralis corporis geniculati lateralis, and in the
      following midline nuclei: nucleus periventricularis, nucleus rhomboideus, and
      nucleus reuniens. Also well labeled were nucleus anterior ventralis, the
      intralaminar nuclei, and nucleus lateralis dorsalis. Moderate innervation was
      found in nucleus reticularis, nucleus anterior dorsalis, nucleus ventralis
      medialis, nucleus lateralis pars posterior, the posterior complex, and in nucleus
      dorsalis corporis geniculati lateralis. Very few serotonergic fibers were
      observed in nucleus paratenialis, nucleus gelatinosus, nucleus anterior medialis,
      nucleus medialis dorsalis, nucleus ventralis, nucleus ventralis pars
      dorsomedialis, or in nucleus corporis geniculati medialis. Serotonin
      immunoreactivity was also noted in a number of fiber bundles in the thalamic
      region. These include the fasciculus retroflexus, the fasciculus
      mamillothalamicus, the stria medullaris, and the stria terminalis. These results
      differ from those of previous descriptions of the serotonergic innervation of
      thalamic nuclei most notably in the midline nuclei and in the posterior complex.
      In this study the midline nuclei, nucleus rhomboideus, and nucleus reuniens were
      more densely innervated than had been described, and in the posterior complex a
      moderate, rather than sparse, innervation was observed. The more densely
      innervated nuclei of the anterior and lateral nuclear groups, nucleus lateralis
      dorsalis and nucleus anterior ventralis, also contained a greater number of
      labeled fibers than had been indicated.

PMID- 6371066
TI  - Behcet's syndrome: immune regulation, circulating immune complexes, neutrophil
      migration, and colchicine therapy.
AB  - Immune regulatory dysfunction, circulating immune complexes (CIC), and
      polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell migration were investigated in patients with
      Behcet's syndrome. Six patients meeting rigorous clinical criteria were
      evaluated. Only one patient showed evidence of immune regulatory dysfunction
      (increased T4/T8 ratio). Although C1q binding and Raji cell assays for CIC
      yielded positive results in only one of five patients, all five patients had in
      vivo "histamine trap test" evidence of CIC (all controls had normal results).
      Sera from all Behcet's syndrome patients increased migration of neutrophils to
      zymosan-activated serum. Colchicine therapy abolished the enhancing effect of the
      patient's sera on movement of PMN cells from patients and controls. An immune
      complex-mediated injury that is followed by an excessive accumulation of PMN
      cells may lead to the cutaneous lesions and other lesions in Behcet's syndrome.
      Further evaluation of colchicine therapy is warranted on the basis of these
      studies.

PMID- 6371067
TI  - Pemphigus erythematosus. Presentation of four cases and review of literature.
AB  - Four patients with pemphigus erythematosus, three male and one female, are
      presented and the literature is reviewed. One of the patients had penicillamine
      induced pemphigus erythematosus. The mean age of onset was 66 years. Direct
      immunofluorescent examination of perilesional skin demonstrated immunoglobulin
      and/or complement deposition in both the intercellular cement substance (ICS) of
      the epidermis and at the dermoepidermal junction (DEJ) in all four patients. The
      lupus band test was positive in three of the four patients when biopsies from
      uninvolved skin were studied. Indirect immunofluorescent examination of the sera
      for anti-ICS antibodies was positive in all patients. All four patients had
      positive antinuclear antibody tests (ANA), but anti-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
      and anti-extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) were negative. One patient had a
      positive rheumatoid factor. Serum creatinine and total complement were normal in
      all four patients. The patients were treated with various combinations of oral
      corticosteroids, topical corticosteroids, dapsone, and oral therapy, which
      consisted of hydrogen peroxide, benadryl elixir, and decadron elixir. Three
      patients were in complete remissions and the fourth patient was in incomplete
      remission after 4 to 10 months of follow-up (mean, 6 months). Patients with
      pemphigus erythematosus require significantly lower doses of systemic
      corticosteroids for control of disease. Dapsone is an important agent for
      adjuvant therapy and facilitates use of lower doses of systemic corticosteroids.

PMID- 6371068
TI  - Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis as an incidental finding in normal oral mucosa.
      Report of two cases.
AB  - Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis was noted as an incidental finding in normal mucosa
      in a histologic specimen taken during wide excision of basal cell and squamous
      cell carcinomas of the lip and adjacent cheek.

PMID- 6371069
TI  - Nail changes secondary to systemic drugs or ingestants.
AB  - Systemic drugs often affect the nails. These changes range from mild pigmentation
      abnormalities to nail shedding and matrix scarring. The purpose of this article
      is to provide a handy reference for the physician who is confronted with nail
      disorders that may be due to systemic drugs or ingestants.

PMID- 6371070
TI  - Bullous dermatosis caused by Staphylococcus aureus in locus minoris resistentiae.
AB  - A case of Staphylococcus aureus--induced bullous dermatosis limited to the sites
      of glucocorticosteroid-induced striae atrophicae is described. Skin with
      compromised mechanical integrity may be more susceptible to disruption by
      invasion of bacteria and/or by their exotoxin. The pathogenesis of striae
      atrophicae and the mechanism of blister formation by S. aureus are reviewed in an
      effort to relate these two phenomena.

PMID- 6371071
TI  - Does the bullous eruption of lichen planus pemphigoides recur when the LP
      relapses?

PMID- 6371072
TI  - Walter F. Lever, M.D.

PMID- 6371073
TI  - Joseph Plenck (1735-1807). A forerunner of modern European dermatology.
AB  - A short biography of Joseph (von) Plenck (1735-1807) is presented on the occasion
      of the 175th anniversary of his death on Aug. 24, 1982. Key data were hitherto
      unknown or unverified and appear photodocumented here for the first time.
      Plenck's importance for the historical development of the systematization of skin
      diseases is stressed.

PMID- 6371074
TI  - The perforating disorders.
AB  - This article reviews the diseases that may show epidermal perforation as a
      histologic feature. Many of these represent examples of transepithelial
      elimination (TEE), a mechanism by which the skin rids itself of abnormal
      substances. After a review of disorders in which perforation is an occasional
      finding, four diseases that have been considered essential perforating disorders
      are discussed: elastosis perforans serpiginosa (EPS), reactive perforating
      collagenosis (RPC), perforating folliculitis (PF), and Kyrle 's disease (KD). A
      review of the literature, including recent reports of perforating diseases
      associated with chronic renal failure, suggests that there may be considerable
      clinical and histologic overlap among PF, KD, and the adult form of "perforating
      collagenosis." A working classification for the perforating disorders is
      suggested.

PMID- 6371075
TI  - Henry E. Michelson, M.D., master teacher, exemplary gentleman.

PMID- 6371076
TI  - Influence of prepartum dietary crude protein on growth hormone, insulin,
      reproduction, and lactation of dairy cows.
AB  - Effects of prepartum dietary crude protein on growth hormone, insulin in blood
      plasma, and subsequent reproduction and lactation were investigated in 30
      Holsteins. Cows were fed either 80 or 100% of the crude protein recommended by
      National Research Council starting about 60 days precalving. Postcalving all
      animals were fed according to recommendations. Blood was sampled on days 220
      (start of experiment), 250, 270, and 280 of gestation and on days 10 and 30
      postpartum. Cows fed 80% crude protein prepartum showed decreased intake of dry
      matter and urea nitrogen in blood plasma prepartum, and yields of milk and total
      solids decreased by about 15%. Body weight changes through 30 days postpartum
      were not significantly different between treatments. There were no significant
      differences for growth hormone and insulin except growth hormone tended to be
      higher on day 270 of gestation for cows fed 80% crude protein. Insulin was
      negatively correlated with lactation number -5.1 to -5.6. Reproductive efficiency
      was similar between treatment groups. Lower crude protein intake during the dry
      period decreased dry matter intake and yields of milk and total solids.

PMID- 6371077
TI  - Secondary traits: sire evaluation and the reproductive complex.
AB  - Genetic aspects of dystocia, reproduction and its association with production,
      and calf livability are reviewed. Measures of each are presented. Genetic and
      maternal effects, sire evaluation by births from heifers and older cows, and
      correlations with production and type are discussed for dystocia. Heritabilities
      for measures of reproduction were low. Fertility and production were antagonistic
      in cows but complementary between heifer breedings and production in first
      lactation. There were differences among sires for calf mortality up to 48 h after
      birth, but heritabilities were low. Livability and dystocia are closely
      correlated genetically. Methods for multiple traits ideally should be used for
      sire evaluation.

PMID- 6371078
TI  - Traits for sire selection related to udder health and management.
AB  - Traits related to udder health were discussed: bacteriological measures, clinical
      frequency, and milk properties (somatic cell count, enzymes, etc.).
      Bacteriological testing of quarters maximizes information on infection but is
      impractical on a population scale. Clinical recording is an objective measure but
      fails to indicate subclinical cases and is not available in most countries. Cell
      counts are economical to obtain but are highly variable, difficult to interpret,
      and not sensitive indicators of subclinical infections. Several milk enzymes are
      possible indicators of tissue damage. Heritabilities are about .2 for cell counts
      and .1 for other measures, reflecting genetic variation in teat defenses,
      phagocytosis, or immune response. There appears to be genetic antagonism between
      cell count and milk yield (positive gentic correlation of .1 to .2) in contrast
      to the negative phenotypic relationship between milk yield and cell count. A
      program to select sires whose progeny have lowest cell counts should be
      formulated carefully; more needs to be known about interpretation of cell count
      as a defense mechanism. Heightened cell counts decrease the probability of
      infection upon subsequent challenge with pathogens. Is there heritable variation
      in cell count of cows before exposure? A combined criterion of cell count,
      lactose, and enzyme concentration should be studied.

PMID- 6371079
TI  - Inbreeding and the gene pool.
AB  - The trend in the artificial insemination industry in recent years has been to
      sample larger numbers of sons sired by the most popular bulls. This trend has
      caused concern in the dairy industry regarding inbreeding and the gene pool. The
      known detrimental effects of inbreeding on economically important traits are one
      reason for this concern, and these are reviewed here. Also reviewed and discussed
      are estimates of inbreeding in dairy cattle populations. These estimates indicate
      that for the populations studied, inbreeding has increased little if at all
      during the period of widespread use of artificial insemination. During the 1970's
      average inbreeding in United States Holsteins and British Friesians was on the
      order of 3 to 6% relative to their foundations. A recent study of inbreeding in
      United States Ayrshires suggests little inbreeding in that breed in spite of the
      relatively small population size. Inbreeding and preservation of genetic
      variation should be minor concerns in selecting sires.

PMID- 6371080
TI  - Ammonia: its effects on biological systems, metabolic hormones, and reproduction.
AB  - The physical, chemical properties of ammonia, its sources and detoxification, its
      effects in biological systems, its influence upon insulin action and glucose
      metabolism, and its possible effects on reproduction are discussed. Present
      chemical methods do not distinguish nonionic from ionic forms. At physiological
      pH, nonionic ammonia concentrations remain low but are primarily responsible for
      toxic effects. Thus, biologically significant changes of ammonia concentrations
      may not be revealed by determinations of ammonia in blood plasma. For these and
      other reasons the subacute toxicity of ammonia often is unrecognized, and its
      effects on intermediary metabolism and the hormonal milieu in normal and disease
      states remain poorly understood. Effects of ammonia may be stimulatory at low
      concentrations and inhibitory as concentrations rise or exposure is extended.
      Extensive experiments in eight ureotelic species, including man, show that
      urinary excretion of orotic acid becomes significantly elevated when the quantity
      of ammonia presented to the liver exceeds the capacity for normal detoxification.
      Present evidence with arginine and other intermediates of the urea cycle suggest
      that these substances influence glucose metabolism and insulin action. Recent
      studies of dairy cattle provide speculative evidence that high protein feeding or
      forms of protein that lead to elevated ammonia concentrations in tissue decrease
      conception rates and increase the calving to conception interval of dairy cows.
      Limited data concerning luteinizing hormone concentrations and steroid hormone
      metabolism are insufficient to establish whether differences in reproductive
      performance are due to changes of hormonal physiology, intrauterine environment,
      or metabolism.

PMID- 6371081
TI  - Assessment of hemolytic and bactericidal complement activities in normal and
      mastitic bovine milk.
AB  - Bactericidal and hemolytic complement activities were investigated in 51 quarter
      milk samples of 13 cows in late lactation. Hemolytic activity was in all of the
      samples but one, after accounting for whey inhibitory activity. Mean hemolytic
      activity and inhibitory activities were .18 and .34 complement hemolytic units.
      Inflammation, in relation to infection status, increased hemolytic titers and
      heat-labile bactericidal activities of milk. Correlation coefficient was .76
      between albumin content of milk serum and hemolytic titer of samples from
      infected quarters. Normal milk decreased bactericidal titer of bovine serum
      against a serum-sensitive Escherichia coli strain. When compared to veronal
      buffer saline solution, milk did not accelerate decay of hemolytic activity over
      7-h incubation at 39 degrees C. Taken together, these results suggest that the
      adverse effect of milk on both hemolytic and bactericidal activities of
      complement is limited and might be of significance essentially before full
      establishment of the inflammatory reaction to bacterial invaders.

PMID- 6371082
TI  - Preventive resin restorations: etching patterns, resin tag morphology and the
      enamel-resin interface.

PMID- 6371083
TI  - The role of vitamin E in clinical medicine.

PMID- 6371084
TI  - Amine fluoride and monofluorophosphate: I. Historical review of fluoride
      dentifrices.

PMID- 6371085
TI  - Stress management training for dental students.
AB  - Dental school and professional practice are well-documented sources of stress.
      Although students and dentists risk developing stress-related disorders, no
      empirically evaluated method for helping dental students cope with stress has
      been reported. A group of 17 dental students participated in a six-session
      program that included instruction in self-relaxation and time management;
      exercise and leisure planning; and cognitive modification techniques. From pre-
      to post-training, subjects showed improvement on a variety of self-report and
      physiological measures relative to a waiting-list control group. A three-month
      follow-up assessment revealed continued reductions in stress-related behavior.
      The importance of stress-management training for dental students is discussed as
      well as suggestions for future research.

PMID- 6371087
TI  - Introduction to research planning.

PMID- 6371086
TI  - The influence of research on clinical dental practice.

PMID- 6371088
TI  - Meshed skin grafts versus sheet skin grafts on a contaminated bed.
AB  - An experimental model was designed to test the premise that meshed skin grafts
      survive better than sheet grafts on contaminated wounds. In this rat model,
      meshing of grafts significantly improved graft take, and expansion of the mesh
      led to an even greater improvement. The results of this study indicate a need for
      further investigation of this technique in the management of contaminated wounds.

PMID- 6371089
TI  - Drugs: actions and reactions. Debriding enzymes.

PMID- 6371090
TI  - [Economic problems in realizing the Food Program of the USSR].

PMID- 6371091
TI  - Use of prostacyclin and ultrafiltration in adult respiratory distress syndrome.
AB  - A primigravida with severe kyphoscoliosis developed cardio-respiratory failure in
      pregnancy. Cardiac arrest occurred 10 days after Caesarean section; gastric acid
      was aspirated then and was followed by the development of adult respiratory
      distress syndrome. Initial recovery, with clearing of peripheral oedema, was
      followed by a recurrence of respiratory distress associated with infection.
      Profound hypoxaemia and oliguria unresponsive to diuretics were relieved by the
      infusion of prostacyclin combined with fluid removal by ultrafiltration. This
      treatment may be of value in the management of respiratory distress syndrome when
      pulmonary oedema is the dominant feature.

PMID- 6371092
TI  - Weaning patients from mechanical ventilation.

PMID- 6371093
TI  - Nursing at night.
AB  - This paper presents a review of the literature on nightwork as it pertains to
      nursing in general hospitals. It is based upon some 250 articles, reports and
      books. Research into the effects of nightwork on females, who predominate in
      nursing, is very limited. Objective descriptions of nursing at night are also
      rare. The literature review develops three main themes: the problems faced by
      night and shiftworkers, the maintenance of a 24-hour nursing service in hospitals
      and activity on the hospital ward at night.

PMID- 6371095
TI  - The presidents. Charles Nelson Johnson, 1924-1925.

PMID- 6371094
TI  - Women's health: problems and options. An overview.

PMID- 6371096
TI  - A critical evaluation of orthopedic interocclusal appliance therapy: design,
      theory, and overall effectiveness.
AB  - Orthopedic interocclusal appliances have been evaluated in a number of research
      papers and clinical reports over the years. Various theories have been proposed
      about the method of action of the different appliances, but at present no
      conclusive controlled testing of these theories has occurred. Certainly, when the
      potential influence of the nonspecific treatment factors is considered, as well
      as those cognitive awareness factors common to all appliances, the use of
      "symptom improvement" as the definitive proof of the need for mandibular
      realignment or repositioning must be questioned. Specific, well-controlled
      research using more quantifiable measures of the treatment effect is necessary to
      make valid comparisons between the different therapeutic approaches. The full
      arch occlusal stabilizing appliance is the design that has the most valid
      evidence about its effectiveness. Partial coverage interocclusal appliances have
      significant irreversible complications with tooth intrusion or eruption when used
      on an extended basis. There is little or no experimental support at present about
      repositioning, realignment, and pivot appliances and their effectiveness.
      Therefore, these appliances must be considered experimental treatments. When used
      to treat TM dysfunction in a program along with other methods, such as occlusal
      adjustments, and prosthetic care, the effectiveness of this treatment method is
      between 70% and 90%. As a general approach to managing TM pain and dysfunction,
      interocclusal appliances appear to be a highly effective, commonly used method.

PMID- 6371097
TI  - A critical evaluation of orthopedic interocclusal appliance therapy:
      effectiveness for specific symptoms.
AB  - This paper reviews the effectiveness of occlusal splints on specific symptoms
      that are often associated with TM disorders. The research has shown the clicking
      TMJ is sometimes helped but not cured by the traditional stabilization
      interocclusal appliance and that TMJ clicking is the least responsive to
      treatment. Questions have been raised about the need to specifically treat the
      clicking joint; more research on this issue is necessary. Painful TMJs have been
      shown to respond to occlusal appliance therapy, but questions still exist about
      the effectiveness of interocclusal appliances for this symptom. There is little
      scientific proof available about the ability of splints to effectively slow down
      or reverse degenerative TMJ changes that are evident on radiographs. Masticatory
      muscle pain is by far the symptom that has the best experimental evidence to
      support occlusal splints as a highly effective method of treatment. These changes
      are probably mediated via an alteration in the patient's muscle activity
      patterns. Those patients with more severe symptoms are less likely to be helped
      with splints as a sole treatment modality. The effect of occlusal appliances in
      muscle trismus has been discussed but not effectively evaluated in the
      literature. Occlusal splints have been shown to have a distinct influence on
      improving mandibular muscle coordination. Inter-occlusal splints are a commonly
      used method of controlling attrition and adverse tooth loading, and few questions
      have been raised in the literature about this therapeutic application.

PMID- 6371098
TI  - Effects of transient coronary ischemia and reperfusion on myocardial edema
      formation and in vitro magnetic relaxation times.
AB  - The effects of transient ischemia and reperfusion on regional myocardial
      function, salvage and swelling have been systematically analyzed in experimental
      canine preparations. The results of these interventions on myocardial in vitro
      measurements of magnetic relaxation times (T1 = magnetization recovery, T2 = spin
      echo) are of significant importance with respect to future nuclear magnetic
      resonance tomographic imaging. Thus, using a pulsed magnetic resonance
      spectrometer (10.7 MHz), myocardial tissue samples from two groups of dogs were
      evaluated. In group 1 (n = six dogs), the left anterior descending artery was
      occluded for 3 hours before sacrifice; in group 2 (six dogs), 3 hours of
      occlusion was followed by 1 hour of reperfusion. Multiple tissue samples from
      normal and ischemic (or ischemic and reperfused) myocardium were obtained for
      measurement of T1, T2 and % water content (wet weight--dry weight/wet weight).
      Water content increased with ischemia (78 +/- 4%) and reperfusion (81 +/- 4%)
      (both p less than 0.01 versus control values). Values for T1 increased with
      ischemia (598 +/- 39 versus 487 +/- 23 ms in normal tissue from the same heart, p
      less than 0.01). Even greater T1 changes occurred in the animals with reperfusion
      (654 +/- 52 ms, p less than 0.01 versus the intra-animal control values). Changes
      in T2 were similar but less marked (ischemic zone 43.9 +/- 1.0 versus 41.2 +/-
      1.0 ms in nonischemic tissue in the corresponding heart, p less than 0.05;
      reperfusion zone 48.3 +/- 3.5 versus 41.9 +/- 2.3 ms in the normal zone, p less
      than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6371099
TI  - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography in the assessment of patients with
      left to right shunts before and after surgical correction.
AB  - Pre- and postoperative structural changes and pulmonary to systemic flow (QP/QS)
      ratios were assessed using digital angiography in 34 patients documented to have
      a left to right shunt at cardiac catheterization. There were 16 men and 18 women
      whose ages ranged from 4 months to 60 years. The radiographic single mask mode
      was used for all digital subtraction angiographic studies with a typical
      radiographic sequence being 80 to 100 kV, 5 to 10 mA/frame at six frames/s for 15
      seconds. Renografin-76 was used as a bolus injection at 0.5 to 1.0 ml/kg via an
      arm vein in most patients. The level of the left to right shunt and any
      associated anomalies were noted and compared with results from cardiac
      catheterization. Digital subtraction angiographic flow curves were generated from
      the pulmonary arteries, and QP/QS ratios were calculated pre- and postoperatively
      using the gamma variate fit method and compared with the QP/QS ratio from first
      pass radionuclide studies. A strong correlation between preoperative digital
      subtraction angiographically derived QP/QS ratio and radionuclide-derived QP/QS
      ratio was found, with an r value equal to 0.89, p less than 0.0001.
      Postoperatively, all patients had a QP/QS ratio less than 1.2:1.0 for both
      digital subtraction angiography and radionuclide studies. The level of left to
      right shunt was accurately assessed in all patients, and its absence observed
      postoperatively. Associated anomalies, such as a persistent left superior vena
      cava, coarctation of the aorta and partial anomalous venous return, were
      identified in all cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6371100
TI  - Tricuspid regurgitation: noninvasive techniques for determining causes and
      severity.
AB  - Tricuspid regurgitation is often not apparent on physical examination and several
      methods are now available to aid in this difficult assessment. Cardiac
      catheterization using right ventriculography, previously considered the
      diagnostic standard, has several limitations. Currently available noninvasive
      tools such as M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography (with or without
      contrast), Doppler techniques and even radionuclide cardiologic imaging have
      added significantly to the precise assessment of the presence and severity of
      tricuspid regurgitation. This review examines the comparative use and limitations
      of these various techniques.

PMID- 6371101
TI  - The pharmacology and therapeutic use of theophylline.

PMID- 6371102
TI  - Gastroesophageal reflux and pulmonary disease.

PMID- 6371103
TI  - Antinuclear antibodies in the serum of normal pregnant women: a prospective
      study.
AB  - A prospective study was performed to determine the incidence of antinuclear
      antibodies in 214 normal pregnant women and in 50 age-matched controls. Serum
      samples of 23 pregnant women (10.7%) yielded positive results (1 + or more at a
      dilution of 1:20) in contrast with only one sample (2%) in the control group (p
      less than 0.05). Of the pregnant women found to be positive, five (9.2%) were in
      the second trimester, and 18 (13.4%) were in the last trimester. Only two also
      had positive anti-DNA antibodies. A review of their hospital records disclosed no
      reason to suspect systemic lupus erythematosus or other rheumatologic diseases
      nor any significant increase in neonatal morbidity of their infants. We conclude
      that the incidence of antinuclear antibodies in pregnant women is significantly
      higher than in nonpregnant women and that the finding probably does not correlate
      with any adverse clinical effect.

PMID- 6371104
TI  - The hypocomplementemic urticarial-vasculitis syndrome: therapeutic response to
      hydroxychloroquine.
AB  - We report a patient with hypocomplementemic urticarial-vasculitis syndrome. This
      case illustrates the continuum between urticaria and purpura characteristic of
      hypocomplementemic urticarial-vasculitis syndrome. Clq precipitin was
      demonstrated in the patient's serum and in the diethylaminoethylcellulose-ion
      exchange fraction containing only IgG. A skin biopsy specimen of urticarial and
      purpuric lesions demonstrated leukocytoclastic vasculitis and granular deposition
      of C3 and Clq in the basement membrane with IgA, IgM, C3, and Clq in
      postcapillary venules. Serial total hemolytic complement activity and Clq
      determinations were performed, and the response to several treatment regimens is
      presented. Symptomatic and serologic improvement was observed only with
      hydroxychloroquine.

PMID- 6371105
TI  - Methacholine challenge--relevance for the allergic athlete.
AB  - Methacholine challenge for diagnosing hyperreactive airways has been valuable in
      both research and clinical care settings. There are two methods of challenge that
      are commonly used. With the dosimeter method, five breaths of sequential
      concentrations of methacholine are inhaled with use of a solenoid valve timing
      device to standardize the quantity of inhaled methacholine solution. Pulmonary
      function is assessed after each concentration is inhaled. With the continuous
      breathing method, each concentration of methacholine is inhaled by tidal volume
      breathing for 2 min. Pulmonary function is assessed after each concentration.
      With both methods, a fall in FEV1 of 20% after inhalation of methacholine is
      diagnostic of hyperreactive airways. Several evaluations demonstrate that
      pharmacologic bronchial provocation with methacholine is more sensitive than
      exercise challenge for making the diagnosis of hyperreactive airways. If the
      allergic athlete complains of exercise-related symptoms, such as cough, dyspnea,
      or chest pain, and an exercise tolerance test fails to reproduce these symptoms,
      a methacholine challenge should be performed before the possibility of exercise
      induced asthma is dismissed. If the allergic athlete has symptoms of cough or
      dyspnea that are unrelated to exercise, methacholine challenge is the most
      sensitive method to evaluate airways hyperreactivity indicative of asthma.

PMID- 6371106
TI  - Exercise-induced hives.

PMID- 6371107
TI  - Controlled study of pimozide vs. placebo in Tourette's syndrome.

PMID- 6371108
TI  - Diet and the behavior of children with attention deficit disorder.

PMID- 6371109
TI  - Anna Freud. December 3, 1895-October 9, 1982.

PMID- 6371110
TI  - Gastrointestinal motility in the elderly.

PMID- 6371111
TI  - Fisher and Seddon: two who've got the right stuff.

PMID- 6371112
TI  - Microbiological evaluation of soft contact lens disinfecting solutions.
AB  - Several chemical disinfecting solutions for soft contact lenses were evaluated
      according to the tests suggested by FDA in the May 1983 revision of the
      Microbiological Guidelines. It was experimentally determined that cleaning and
      rinsing lenses remove 3.5 to 3.9 logs of microorganisms. Furthermore, it was
      determined that only 3% hydrogen peroxide had a rapid enough disinfection rate to
      meet the safety factor requirement within four hours as suggested in the "D-value
      test.' when contaminated lenses were cleaned, rinsed, and disinfected with
      commercially available solutions, all failed to disinfect the lenses within the
      minimum time specified on the label. These results were used to recommend
      significant changes in the Microbiological Guidelines. These changes include (1)
      limiting the rechallenge requirement during preservative effectiveness testing to
      only disinfecting solutions, (2) using the death rate kinetic profile of any
      approved chemical disinfecting solution as a basis for comparison of a new
      chemical disinfecting solution, and (3) using the results of the multi-item test
      for any approved chemical disinfecting solution as a basis for comparison of a
      new, proposed chemical disinfecting solution.

PMID- 6371113
TI  - [Long-term study of endothelial cell density after penetrating keratoplasty.
      Comparative study of fresh and median-term preserved cornea].
AB  - A retrospective specular microscopic study of 118 clear corneal grafts shows that
      the endothelium of these grafts is progressively destroyed during the two first
      years. The reduction of cellular density is rapid at the beginning of
      postoperative period, stabilizing after two years. The comparison of endothelial
      cellular density in fresh non selected grafts versus grafts preserved in culture
      seems to indicate a longer survival of preserved grafts. This study shows the
      utility of wide-field specular microscopy in the follow-up of clear corneal
      grafts. This technique furnishes useful information for postoperative management
      and long-term prognosis.

PMID- 6371114
TI  - Evaluation of chlordimeform and degradation products for mutagenic and DNA
      damaging activity in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli.
AB  - The mutagenic activity of chlordimeform and two of its breakdown products, 4
      chloro-o-toludine and 4-chloro-N-formyl-o-toluidine were determined with five
      histidine dependent strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA1535, TA1537, TA1538,
      TA98, TA100) and five tryptophan dependent strains of E. coli WP2 (WP2, WP2uvrA,
      WP67, CM611, CM571) with and without rat liver microsomal enzymes. 4-chloro-o
      toluidine increased the number of the reversions of the S. typhimurium strain
      TA1535 more than two fold over spontaneous at the concentration of 400
      micrograms/plate. The results of the DNA repair tests in the Salmonella
      TA1538/TA1978 and E. coli multirepair deficient systems showed that both
      breakdown products were active in inducing damage not repaired in at least one
      repair deficient strain while chlordimeform itself was inactive.

PMID- 6371115
TI  - Effect of extracellular phosphate on Ca2+ and K+ fluxes in pancreatic islets.
AB  - The idea that a lowering in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration may cause a decrease in
      K+ conductance in the pancreatic B-cell was tested by investigating the effect of
      a high extracellular phosphate concentration on 45Ca and 86Rb efflux from
      prelabelled rat pancreatic islets. Whether in the absence or presence of glucose,
      20 mM phosphate tended to decrease 45Ca efflux. This effect was not suppressed in
      the absence of extracellular Ca2+, at least in glucose-deprived islets,
      suggesting that it may reflect a fall in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. The
      administration of phosphate failed, however, to decrease 86Rb efflux from the
      islets. In the presence of extracellular Ca2+, 20 mM phosphate also failed to
      stimulate insulin release from islets perifused at low glucose concentration and
      inhibited insulin release stimulated by a high glucose concentration. These data
      indicate that the sequestration of Ca2+ in intracellular organelles and
      concomitant decrease in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, as presumably provoked by a
      rise in extracellular phosphate concentration, is not sufficient to simulate the
      effect of glucose on K+ conductance.

PMID- 6371116
TI  - The physiological significance of the glucose intolerance of aging.
AB  - Aging is associated with glucose intolerance, but its significance is unclear. We
      performed oral glucose tolerance tests and more physiologic meal tolerance tests
      in a group of 23 young adults, mean (+/- SE) age, 37 +/- 2 years and 17 elderly
      adults, mean age 69 +/- 1 years. The total glucose and insulin responses
      following the oral glucose load were increased by 24% and 127% respectively in
      the elderly compared with the young (24,524 +/- 1,080 vs. 19,734 +/- 702 mg/dl X
      min and 24,289 +/- 3,401 vs. 10,700 +/- 1,209 microU/ml X min). Following mixed
      meals, the total glucose response was 45,795 +/- 1,343 mg/dl X min in the young,
      compared with 50,998 +/- 1,850 mg/dl X min in the elderly (p less than .05) an
      11% increase. Total insulin response was increased by 40% in the elderly (38,590
      +/- 3,662 microU/ml X min) compared with the young (27,481 +/- 2,805 microU/ml X
      min) (p less than .05). We conclude that following the ingestion of more
      physiologic mixed meals, modest postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia
      can be demonstrated in elderly adults.

PMID- 6371117
TI  - Flexor tendon repair in no-man's-land: results of primary repair with controlled
      mobilization.
AB  - Fifty-three patients with 60 injuries within the digital sheath, which were
      treated with primary tendon repair by the Kleinert technique, had follow-up of 6
      to 36 months after operation. Seventeen digits had isolated lesions of the
      profundus tendon and regained an average 38 degrees range of motion (ROM) in the
      distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint. Forty-three digits had injuries to both the
      profundus and superficialis tendons, 35 of which flexed within 2 cm from the
      distal palmar crease (81%), and 21 had a total active motion of at least 200
      degrees (49%). The average active ROM in the DIP joint was 30 degrees. The
      results were superior to our own results with primary repair by the Verdan
      technique. Comparison with our own results after secondary tendon repair by the
      Kleinert technique showed that repair of isolated profundus lesions could be done
      primarily or secondarily within 1 month of injury with equally good results.
      Primary repair of double tendon lesions gave better results than secondary
      repair.

PMID- 6371118
TI  - The important "impostors" in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel
      disease.
AB  - When evaluating patients suspected to have inflammatory bowel disease, we
      generally focus on the important differential features which distinguish
      ulcerative colitis from Crohn's disease. A distinction between them is possible
      in 80-90% of cases when accepted clinical, radiographic, and pathologic criteria
      are applied. The remaining idiopathic cases are usually classified as colitis,
      indeterminate type. In this presentation, major attention will also be directed
      to a variety of other disorders which may masquerade as idiopathic inflammatory
      bowel disease. The pathologic features to be described which serve to identify
      these "impostors" will emphasize appearances in biopsy material.

PMID- 6371119
TI  - Humoral response in giardiasis.

PMID- 6371120
TI  - A report on case of a P. vivax infection apparently refractory to antimalarials.

PMID- 6371121
TI  - Echinococcus multilocularis: identification of proteins inducing antibody
      formation in metacestode infection.
AB  - An approach to the identification of parasite proteins which are immunogenic in
      natural infections is described, using the infection with the larval stage of
      Echinococcus multilocularis as a parasite model. Metacestode proteins were
      separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and transferred
      electrophoretically to nitrocellulose sheets (Western blotting). Subsequently,
      immune recognition of the proteins was performed with various host sera and
      antigen-antibody complexes were detected enzymatically. Using homologous
      antisera, different patterns of immunogenic bands were revealed by sera of
      different host species. Cross-reactions with sera from individuals infected with
      unrelated helminths were analysed. Four proteins of E. multilocularis which
      failed to show any cross-reaction were identified.

PMID- 6371122
TI  - Humoral immunity and output of first-stage larvae of Elaphostrongylus rangiferi
      (Nematoda, Metastrongyloidea) by infected reindeer, Rangifer tarandus tarandus.
AB  - The use of an indirect immunofluorescence technique demonstrated that serum from
      reindeer, Rangifer tarandus tarandus, infected with Elaphostrongylus rangiferi
      (Nematoda, Metastrongyloidea) contained antibodies directed against antigen(s) on
      the cuticle of the parasites first-stage larvae (L1). Output of L1 from the male
      reindeer was low in the period June to August, but increased to a higher level
      during the rutting season (September to October). The titre of specific antibody
      showed an inverse pattern. In the female reindeer, larval output remained high
      throughout the sampling period from January to July. During this period antibody
      titre was low. A relationship between stress (rutting season or calving period),
      immunity and larval output is suggested.

PMID- 6371123
TI  - Reproduction and heredity beliefs of the Hindus based on their sacred books.
AB  - Hindus see their children as the reincarnation of the husband. The mother is only
      a field where the father lays his seed. That the reincarnated husband might be a
      girl is explained by a more abundant female "semen." Differences among children
      are explained by the influence of the mother, the same way as a seedling is
      affected by the soil in which it grows. Because a son is generally desired, one
      can find in the sacred books of India rules that might increase the chances not
      only to have a son, but a healthy and gifted one.

PMID- 6371124
TI  - French observations of disease and drug use in late eighteenth-century Cairo.

PMID- 6371125
TI  - "Germ warfare" and public health in the Korean conflict.

PMID- 6371126
TI  - Physician licensure laws in the United States, 1865-1915.

PMID- 6371127
TI  - A census of copies of the first edition of Andreas Vesalius' De humani corporis
      fabrica (1543), with a note on the recently discovered variant issue.

PMID- 6371128
TI  - Josef Hyrtl's Philadelphia connection.

PMID- 6371129
TI  - Two letters on the cuticular glove: keratolysis of 1769.

PMID- 6371130
TI  - Early appearance of desmin, the muscle-type intermediate filament protein, in the
      rat embryo.
AB  - Antisera raised to desmin, the protein subunit of muscle-type intermediate
      filaments (IFs), were used to study by indirect immunofluorescence and
      immunoperoxidase procedures the early development of skeletal muscle in the rat
      embryo. The specificity of the antisera (Dahl D, Bignami A: J Histochem Cytochem
      30:207, 1982) was confirmed by immune blotting on chicken gizzard extracts and
      purified antigen. Desmin-positive cells were first observed on day 12 by
      immunofluorescence and on day 13 by the immunoperoxidase procedure. Desmin
      immunoreactivity was not found in caudal somites in which the dermatome was
      present, i.e., somites where the dorso-lateral part had maintained its definite
      boundaries and epithelioid characteristics. Desmin-positive cells were observed
      within the myotome of cranial somites where the dermatome had disappeared.
      Compared to day 13, desmin-positive cells had extended ventrally on day 14, while
      on day 15, they were found in the skeletal musculature of the trunk and the
      limbs.

PMID- 6371131
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization and circadian variations of serotonin and N
      acetylserotonin in photoreceptor cells. Light and electron microscopic study in
      the teleost pineal organ.
AB  - Using two immunocytochemical procedures (i.e., immunofluorescence and the
      unlabeled peroxidase-antiperoxidase method), the localization of a serotonin(HT)
      like and of a N-acetylserotonin (aHT)-like immunoreactivity in the pineal organ
      of the pike was studied during winter. It was shown that immunostaining was
      exclusively restricted to the cells of the receptor line (CRL = typical and
      modified photoreceptors). The intensity of the reactions varied through the light
      dark cycle, HT-like immunoreactivity being high during the photophase and low
      during the scotophase. In contrast, aHT-like immunoreactivity was highest at the
      beginning of the scotophase. HT and aHT-like immunoreactivities were detected in
      all cell types of the pineal epithelium after administration of a monoamine
      oxidase inhibitor. Up to now, only HT immunoreactivity could be localized at the
      ultrastructural level. In a number of typical and modified photoreceptors, a HT
      positive staining seemed to be confined within the hyaloplasm of the inner
      segment, particularly with that of the perikaryon and basal pedicle. Our previous
      and present results strongly suggest that indole compounds, which are involved in
      the regulation of various neuroendocrine processes in fish, are synthetized
      within the CRL. Taking into account that the CRL of the pike are also
      photosensitive, it appears more and more likely that they are photoneuroendocrine
      cells involved in mediating the effects of the photoperiod on various
      physiological and behavioral processes.

PMID- 6371132
TI  - Insulin complex binding to human peripheral and mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes.
AB  - Surface labeling and internalization of insulin was demonstrated
      ultrastructurally with human peripheral lymphocytes and with
      "activated"/transformed lymphocytes from mitogen-treated cultures using the
      colloidal gold-labeled insulin-bovine serum albumin (GIA) procedure. The majority
      of peripheral lymphocytes bound only limited amounts of the insulin complex,
      while approximately 15% of the lymphocyte population bound modest to
      comparatively large quantities of the labeled hormone. Quantitative labeling data
      indicated a skewed GIA labeling continuum for peripheral lymphocytes rather than
      separate, distinct populations. Sequential labeling studies with the GIA complex
      followed by either the ferritin-conjugated goat anti-human immunoglobulin or the
      E-rosette techniques indicated that insulin labeling was neither T nor B cell
      specific, since extremes of GIA labeling were found in both populations. Many,
      but not all, circulating lymphocytes with elevated insulin binding had
      morphological features suggestive of "active" cells, viz., larger cell, nuclear,
      nucleolar, and Golgi sizes, dispersed chromatin, and greater numbers of polysomes
      than lymphocytes having minimal GIA labeling. Both phytohemagglutinin (PHA), a T
      cell mitogen, and pokeweed mitogen (PWM), a B/T cell mitogen, induced an increase
      in mean GIA labeling of cultured lymphoid cells as compared to non-mitogen
      treated controls. The majority of mitogen-transformed "blast-like" cells had more
      extensive insulin labeling than nontransformed small (medium)-size lymphocytes,
      although an overlap in labeling densities was noted in these two groups. PHA
      induced a slight increase in mean surface GIA labeling of the nontransformed
      lymphocyte population at 48 and 72 hr of culture as compared to similar cells in
      non-mitogen-treated controls and PWM cultures. We interpret these findings as
      indicating the emergence of increased numbers of insulin binding sites on
      lymphocytes, both those in the circulation and in mitogen-treated cultures,
      during the early response (activation) to functional and/or metabolic modulations
      of the cell; this surface change does not appear to be directly related to
      blastogenic transformation.

PMID- 6371133
TI  - Dansylalanyllysylchloromethyl ketone as a fluorescent probe for localization of
      acrosin activity in boar and human spermatozoa.
AB  - The localization of acrosin (EC 3.4.21.10) activity in mammalian spermatozoa was
      investigated by use of the fluorescent site-directed acrosin inhibitor,
      dansylalanyllysylchloromethyl ketone (DALCK). Fluorescence microscope
      preparations revealed, after the spermatozoa were subjected to a specific
      treatment, that acrosin activity is confined specifically to the inner acrosomal
      membrane (IAM). Spectrofluorometric and fluorescence polarization investigations
      verified that the fluorescent probe, once it is specifically bound to the treated
      spermatozoa, lies in a very hydrophobic environment and shows a remarkable
      reduction of rotational freedom. These results are compatible with the hypothesis
      that, under the experimental conditions used, active acrosin is tightly bound to
      the IAM and that the "specificity site" of the acrosin-active center is probably
      of a highly hydrophobic nature.

PMID- 6371134
TI  - Antigenic subsets of human breast epithelial cells distinguished by monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - Three monoclonal antibodies raised to the human milk fat globule membrane bind,
      within the normal breast, to the surface of the luminal epithelial cells but not
      to the surrounding myoepithelial, connective tissue, or blood vessel cells. These
      antibodies distinguish three subsets of the epithelial cells that are not
      distinguishable by conventional histology. To show the arrangement of the cells
      in two dimensions over the sheet of epithelium, ducts were dissected out of
      normal breast tissue, opened up and laid flat as sheets of epithelium. The apical
      faces of the cells were strained, unfixed, using two-color immunofluorescence to
      contrast the subsets of cells stained by the different antibodies. The epithelium
      was then seen to be a mosaic of cells that express different surface antigens.
      The grouping and appearance of the cells stained by the different antibodies was
      characteristic. This may be just a random heterogeneity of antigen expression but
      alternatively the different cells may be in different physiological states.
      Regardless of its biological significance, the observation has practical
      consequences for the use of such antibodies in identifying cells and the study of
      antigenic heterogeneity in tumors.

PMID- 6371135
TI  - Ultrastructural indirect immunolocalization of transferrin in cultured rat
      hepatocytes permeabilized with saponin.
AB  - Transferrin was localized in 48-hr cultured adult rat hepatocytes by indirect
      immunoperoxidase following paraformaldehyde--glutaraldehyde fixation and the use
      of saponin as a membrane permeabilizing agent. The protein, present in all the
      parenchymal cells in variable amounts, was found to be specifically located in
      the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. These results are consistent with
      recent reports claiming that all adult hepatocytes may synthesize a given liver
      plasma protein at a given time. The procedure used in this study should be
      particularly useful for the detection of intracellular antigens in various intact
      cell types.

PMID- 6371136
TI  - Enhancement of phagocytosis of parasitized and nonparasitized red cells in acute
      Plasmodium berghei malaria.
AB  - The phagocytosis by mouse peritoneal macrophages of parasitized red cells (PRCs)
      and nonparasitized red cells (nonPRCs) separated from Plasmodium berghei infected
      blood was studied in vitro. Peritoneal macrophages from acutely infected mice and
      normal mice were cultured on coverslips. PRCs and nonPRCs were fractionated by
      Ficoll density gradient centrifugation from Plasmodium berghei infected blood.
      PRCs were fed in triplicate cultures to normal macrophages in normal serum,
      normal macrophages in acute serum, acute macrophages in normal serum, and acute
      macrophages in acute serum. Similarly, nonPRCs were fed to macrophages in the
      same combinations of normal and acute macrophages and serum. In acute serum,
      acute macrophages ingest PRCs significantly more readily than normal macrophages
      (p less than 0.05). Acute macrophages in acute serum ingest PRCs more readily
      than acute macrophages in normal serum, but the difference does not achieve
      statistical significance. Acute serum apparently decreases the phagocytosis of
      PRCs and nonPRCs by normal macrophages, perhaps because of an inhibitory antibody
      present in acute serum. As with PRCs, in the presence of acute serum, acute
      macrophages ingest nonPRCs significantly more readily than normal macrophages (p
      less than 0.05).

PMID- 6371137
TI  - The immunopathology of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. I. Quantitative
      analysis of inflammatory cells in situ.
AB  - Acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a T cell-mediated,
      neurologic disease that is under immunogenetic control. We systematically
      analyzed the quantity and distribution of T cells, B cells, and macrophages in
      the central nervous system (CNS) of susceptible and resistant guinea (GP) with a
      panel of seven monoclonal antibodies by using the avidin-biotin complex (ABC)
      immunoperoxidase technique and alpha-naphthyl-butyrate esterase (ANBE) staining.
      Adult EAE-susceptible strain 13 GP immunized with isogeneic spinal cord
      homogenate (SC) or with myelin basic protein (MBP) developed clinical signs
      (paralysis, weight loss, etc.) in 2 to 3 wk. T cells were present in all CNS
      inflammatory foci and comprised 44% of the perivascular mononuclear cells. T
      cells diffusely infiltrated the neuropil away from inflammatory cell aggregates.
      These T cells were judged to be extravascular by the lack of an associated
      identifiable vessel in counter-stained sections, and by their persistence
      following exhaustive perfusion of the brains. In routine sections, mononuclear
      cells could be detected only in perivascular aggregates. IgM+ B cells comprised
      9% of the perivascular infiltrates and did not diffusely infiltrate the
      parenchyma. ANBE+ macrophages comprised the remaining 47% of the identified
      perivascular cells. SC- and MBP-immunized GP showed equivalent numbers of
      inflammatory foci, T cells, and macrophages, but SC-immunized GP had more IgM+
      cells in the meninges and choroid plexus (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.02,
      respectively). Virtually all cells in perivascular locations were Ia+. Ia+
      mononuclear cells were also present in the neuropil. EAE-resistant strain 2 GP
      immunized with SC developed no clinical signs. These GP had fewer perivascular
      foci than strain 13 GP but, when present, the cellular composition, including the
      density of diffuse parenchymal T cell infiltrates, was indistinguishable.
      Significantly fewer parenchymal mononuclear cells in the strain 2 GP, however,
      displayed Ia, both in perivascular and diffuse infiltrates (p less than 0.001).
      We conclude that T cell migration into the CNS parenchyma is a characteristic
      feature of acute EAE in the GP, but that T cells can occur in this pattern
      without clinical signs of disease. The two features that distinguish susceptible
      and resistant strains were the frequency of perivascular infiltrates and the
      expression of Ia on parenchymal mononuclear cells, which probably reflects their
      enhanced immunologic activation in situ.

PMID- 6371138
TI  - Inhibition of growth of Histoplasma capsulatum by lymphokine-stimulated
      macrophages.
AB  - Peritoneal cells from mice immunized by sublethal infection inhibit the
      intracellular growth of Histoplasma capsulatum in vitro. Lymphokines generated in
      cultures of immune splenocytes stimulated with Histoplasma antigen activate
      normal macrophages to inhibit the intracellular growth of the fungus. Such
      lymphokines may inhibit the intracellular growth of H. capsulatum by 60 to 80%
      but have no direct effect on the viability of the fungus extracellularly. The
      lymphokine preparations have high interferon activity that is heat stable and
      acid labile. The cells in the spleen that are responsible for lymphokine
      production are T lymphocytes, but the help of other cells such as macrophages is
      essential for maximal production.

PMID- 6371139
TI  - Phagocytosis and killing of Escherichia coli X43 by individual resident mouse
      peritoneal macrophages assessed by an autoradiographic technique.
AB  - An autoradiographic technique for the determination of viable bacteria in
      individual cells is described, based on the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into
      the DNA of viable Escherichia coli X43, following phagocytosis by resident mouse
      peritoneal macrophages. The results of the autoradiographic technique were in
      overall agreement with viable colony counts. Investigation of the killing of E.
      coli X43 with the autoradiographic technique showed that the percentage viable
      bacteria tended to be the same irrespective of the number of bacteria ingested
      per macrophage, although there was a definite correlation between the numbers
      phagocytosed and the percentage killed in some of the experiments.

PMID- 6371140
TI  - Detection of IgE in the sera of rodents: comparison of the applicability of ELISA
      and RIA.
AB  - RIA and ELISA were compared for their ability to detect IgE in different rodent
      species. With a sheep anti-rat IgE antibody good correlation (P less than 0.001)
      between the 2 assay methods for IgE was found in rats. RIA failed to detect the
      IgE of Mastomys natalensis while ELISA proved to be a suitable test. However,
      both tests failed to measure IgE in sera of Nile rats.

PMID- 6371141
TI  - A method using [3H]leucine-labeled granulocytes or macrophages for migration
      inhibition assay.
AB  - The migration inhibitory activity of supernatants of Con A-Sepharose stimulated
      MNC cultures was tested by measuring the migration of [3H]leucine-labeled
      granulocytes or macrophages from agarose-containing capillary tube fragments. The
      migrated cells were harvested with an automated cell harvester on glass fiber
      filters and counted in a beta counter. Suspension of the target cells in agarose
      improves the accuracy of the method since migration from packed capillary tube
      fragments is sometimes not significantly different as between control and assay
      preparations. The concentration of agarose may inversely influence results, lower
      concentrations correlating with higher migration inhibition in the presence of
      assay supernatants. Different migration inhibition results are obtained when
      allogeneic granulocytes are used in parallel. For this reason a 10 times
      concentrated supernatant from a Con A-Sepharose-stimulated MNC culture,
      exhibiting the highest LIF activity at any mitogen concentration, was used as
      standard considered arbitrarily to contain 100 U. On the parallel regression
      lines of the dilution curves of the standard and assay preparations, reference
      with the standard is made at 25% migration inhibition as the comparison point.

PMID- 6371142
TI  - A highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for idiotype-bearing
      antibodies.
AB  - A sensitive and specific immunoenzyme assay (ELISA) for quantitation of total and
      cross-reactive idiotype-bearing (CRI) anti-ABA antibodies is described. Total
      anti-ABA antibodies are directly assessed in ABA-BGG coated polyvinyl wells with
      enzyme-labelled rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulins. By interpolation on a standard
      curve absorbance values give the concentration of anti-ABA antibodies with a
      sensitivity of 30 ng/ml. CRI+ antibodies are quantitated by inhibition of enzyme
      labelled monoclonal CRI+ antibody binding to solid-phase coated rabbit anti-CRI
      immunoglobulins. The concentration of CRI+ antibodies, evaluated by interpolation
      on a standard inhibition curve, can be measured at the level of 10 ng/ml. This
      highly sensitive, rapid, specific and reproducible assay is easily used, with
      minor modifications, to detect specific antibodies in any idiotype system.

PMID- 6371143
TI  - Detection of IgA class circulating immune complexes bound to anti-C3d antibody in
      patients with IgA nephropathy.
AB  - IgA class circulating immune complexes (CIC) were detected by solid-phase
      fluorescent enzyme immunoassay of F(ab')2 anti-C3d antibody in the serum of 52
      patients with IgA nephropathy. Conglutinin (Kg) binding IgA class CIC were also
      measured, and results by these assays were compared. Kg binding IgA class CIC and
      anti-C3d binding IgA class CIC were detected in 27% and 44%, respectively, of the
      patients with IgA nephropathy. Either or both of the two were found in 65% of the
      patients. There was no significant correlation between IgA class CIC detected by
      these methods and serum IgA. Although all samples with a very high level of anti
      C3d binding IgA class CIC did not also have a very high level of Kg binding IgA
      class CIC, there was a slight quantitative correlation between the 2 assays.
      Ultracentrifugation analysis showed that anti-C3d binding IgA class CIC were of
      various sizes between polymeric (21 S) and monomeric IgA (7 S), whereas Kg
      binding IgA class CIC were mostly monomeric IgA (8 S) with a minor component of
      heavy fractions (14 S). Both IgA class CIC fixed iC3b and IgA class CIC fixed C3d
      are present in IgA nephropathy. These observations suggest that the different
      types of complement bound to IgA class CIC have different roles in IgA
      nephropathy.

PMID- 6371144
TI  - Receptors for mouse erythrocytes on human lymphocytes: technical aspects.

PMID- 6371145
TI  - A rapid technique for measuring leukocyte chemotaxis in vivo.
AB  - A modification of connective tissue air bleb technique was used to develop a
      model system in inbred strains of mice for the study of chemoattractants in vivo.
      The method was developed using the well characterized n-formylated chemotactic
      peptide, f-Met-Leu-Phe, as the positive control. Injection of 0.1 ml of f-Met-Leu
      Phe solutions from 10(-7) to 10(-10) M resulted in an influx of polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes within 2 h. Study of the kinetics of the response showed that the
      number of infiltrating cells reached a peak within 8 h and slowly declined over a
      2-day period. The predominant infiltrating cell type during the first 24 h was
      the polymorphonuclear leukocyte. Between 24 and 48 h the polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes were replaced by monocytes. By utilizing an inbred mouse strain (DBA
      1J and 2J) sufficient or deficient in C5 it was possible to distinguish compounds
      that were directly chemotactic from those that worked indirectly, or whose
      chemotactic potential could be enhanced by generation of the chemotactic
      complement split product C5a. The method was found to be technically simple,
      reproducible and semi-quantitative and represents a good model system to
      facilitate the comparison of chemotactic responses in vivo and in vitro.

PMID- 6371146
TI  - Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of
      autoantibodies against thyroglobulin in chickens.
AB  - This paper describes the development of an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the
      detection of autoantibodies against thyroglobulin in an avian system. In this
      system EIA offers an efficient and alternative approach to already established
      methods such as double diffusion in gel, passive haemagglutination, indirect
      immunofluorescence and radioimmunoassay. The optimization of the different
      incubation steps is described and the expression of results of observed antibody
      activity is discussed.

PMID- 6371147
TI  - Detection of Mycoplasma hominis antigen in clinical specimens by using a four
      layer modification of enzyme immunoassay (EIA).
AB  - A 4-layer modification of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was developed for the
      detection of Mycoplasma hominis antigen in clinical specimens. Microtiter plates
      were sensitized with rabbit anti-mycoplasma immunoglobulin, guinea pig anti
      mycoplasma immunoglobulin was used as the secondary antibody, and horseradish
      peroxidase-conjugated anti-guinea pig immunoglobulin was used as the indicator
      antibody. The specificity of the assay was confirmed by using guinea pig
      immunoglobulins from preimmunization sera. The sensitivity of the assay is down
      to 10 ng/ml of antigen protein. Marked cross-reactivity was demonstrated for
      different strains within the species M. hominis, whereas the other genital
      mycoplasma species tested showed no reactivity in the assay. A comparison was
      made of EIA and conventional culture of vaginal specimens from 24 women. All 6
      specimens positive by culture were also positive for M. hominis antigen by EIA.
      Antigen detection by EIA is a sensitive, rapid and simple method for the
      detection of M. hominis in clinical specimens.

PMID- 6371148
TI  - A comparative study of total body irradiation as a method of inducing granulocyte
      depletion in mice.
AB  - Since conventional methods of inducing depletion of polymorphonuclear
      granulocytes (PMNs) in mice, such as treatment with cytostatic drugs and anti-PMN
      sera, proved to be insufficient to induce a stable PMN depletion for several
      days, and were accompanied by considerable toxic side effects, we induced
      neutrophil depletion in mice by total body irradiation (TBI) in a single dose of
      6.0 Gy (600 rads.) at a dose rate of 0.20 Gy/min. This treatment reduced the
      number of PMNs in the peripheral circulation to values below 150/microliter from
      day 3-10 after irradiation. The number of lymphocytes fell simultaneously.
      Platelet counts remained above 60% of normal values during the first 7 days after
      irradiation. Complement levels were not significantly affected by TBI. The
      results show that TBI of 6.0 Gy induces pronounced and stable PMN depletion in
      mice for at least 7 days. Furthermore, under an aseptic regimen the mice can be
      kept in good condition and losses are less than 5%.

PMID- 6371149
TI  - Computer-assisted multiple categorization of absorbance values in ELISA through
      pictorial emulation of 96-well plates.
AB  - A simple algorithm is proposed by which multiple categorization of absorbance
      values from ELISA plates is performed under a microcomputer control. The printed
      output is a pictorial emulation of a 96-well plate with the color intensities
      represented for each reaction. Although the method is presented as a colorimeter
      computer interfaced system, a provision for manual entry of absorbance values via
      keyboard is also included. Simulation is based solely on the magnitude of
      absorbance values. Therefore, it is possible to utilize any enzyme/substrate
      combination within the range of filters of the colorimeter. We have tested the
      present system for titration of anti-malarial antibodies in human serum and for
      the screening of mouse hybridoma culture supernatants.

PMID- 6371150
TI  - The effect of antigen cross-linking on the sensitivity of the enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay.
AB  - To investigate the effects of antigen cross-linking on ELISA results, we assayed
      antibodies to several purified antigens, using microtitration trays coated with
      antigens in their native and cross-linked forms. Cross-linking was achieved by a
      carbodiimide promoted condensation reaction. For several antigens an increase in
      sensitivity of the ELISA was obtained after cross-linking. The results of a
      double antibody sandwich assay using the same cross-linked antigens, showed that
      the affinity for antibodies remained unchanged after limited cross-linking.
      Therefore, the higher sensitivity of the ELISA is most likely due to a higher
      affinity of the cross-linked antigens for the plastic carrier. Cross-linking of
      proteins in a complex antigen preparation obtained from Schistosoma mansoni led
      to a large increase in sensitivity.

PMID- 6371151
TI  - Domiciliary treatment of tuberculosis.

PMID- 6371153
TI  - Genetic resistance to African Trypanosomiasis.
AB  - Genetic resistance to African trypanosomiasis occurs in certain breeds of
      livestock, many species of wildlife, some strains of mice, and possibly humans.
      The term trypanotolerance is used to describe this trait, which in domestic
      livestock is best exhibited by the indigenous West African taurine breeds of
      cattle, N'Dama and West African Shorthorn, that have been in Africa for 5,000 to
      7,000 years. Confirmation not only that these breeds are genetically resistant to
      trypanosomiasis but also that they are at least as productive as other indigenous
      breeds is currently leading to their increased use in livestock-development
      projects in tsetse-infested areas. Trypanotolerance appears to be related to the
      control of parasitemia, a capacity associated with an event that regulates
      parasite growth and determines how rapidly the immune response is triggered.
      Identification of the factors that regulate this event and definition of their
      genetic basis may have important implications for the development of novel
      strategies for control of African trypanosomiasis.

PMID- 6371152
TI  - Post-exposure hepatitis B vaccination of sexual partners of acute viral hepatitis
      patients.
AB  - Sexual transmission of HBV was studied in a sample of 350 sporadic acute viral
      hepatitis type B adult patients hospitalised in the Infectious Diseases Hospital
      of Athens, Greece. Spouses with acute viral hepatitis type B (six in number) or
      asymptomatic HBsAg carriership (80 in number) were considered as the most likely
      sources of infection in 86 (24.6 per cent) of the 350 patients. Only 164 (46.8
      per cent) spouses were susceptible to HBV and 149 agreed to participate in a
      double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial of hepatitis B vaccine. The
      Merck Sharp and Dohme vaccine (20 micrograms per dose) or placebo were
      administered as soon as possible and repeated one and six months later. Vaccinees
      were interviewed, clinically examined and bled one, three, six and nine months
      after the first injection. HBV events (clinical hepatitis type B in seven or
      serological evidence of HBV infection in 15) were diagnosed in 22 vaccinees. We
      anticipate completing the required sample to establish the possible protective
      efficacy of the hepatitis B vaccine by the end of November 1982. Final results of
      the trial will be available early next year.

PMID- 6371154
TI  - Protective efficacy of hybridoma type-specific antibody against experimental
      infection with group-B Streptococcus.
AB  - Murine monoclonal antibodies to group-B Streptococcus type III were developed by
      fusion of splenic lymphocytes from immunized BALB/c mice with the mouse-myeloma
      cell line SP 2/0. The four type III-specific antibodies, which were of the IgM
      class, protected neonatal rats against intraperitoneal infection with homologous
      type group-B streptococci; survival rates were 95%-100% for protected rats but
      only 17% for unprotected rats. One antibody preparation offered excellent
      protection against any of five type-III strains employed. Monoclonal antibody
      provided protection when administered 4, 8, or 12 hr after infection, although
      delayed administration was less efficacious against more virulent strains.
      Monoclonal IgM also protected against intranasal inoculation of bacteria. These
      results indicate the potential therapeutic efficacy of monoclonal antibody in
      neonatal group-B streptococcal disease, but further laboratory investigations
      must precede clinical investigation of monoclonal or polyclonal antibody therapy
      in humans.

PMID- 6371155
TI  - Latex-agglutination test for rubella antibody: validity of positive results
      assessed by response to immunization and comparison with other tests.
AB  - A commercial-latex agglutination (LA) assay ( Rubascan , Hynson , Westcott and
      Dunning, Baltimore, Md) performed on undiluted serum may be more sensitive than
      is the standard hemagglutination-inhibition assay for the detection of rubella
      antibody. To investigate whether a positive result of an LA test on undiluted
      serum was correlated with rubella immunity, we identified 29 persons whose sera
      produced negative results when initially tested by LA at a 1:10 dilution; 15 of
      these sera produced positive results and 14 produced negative results when
      retested undiluted. The immune status of each person for rubella was determined
      with a test for IgM rubella antibody on serum samples obtained three to five
      weeks after rubella immunization. None of the 15 persons whose preimmunization
      sera produced positive results by LA when tested undiluted developed IgM rubella
      antibody, as compared with 10 of the 14 persons whose preimmunization sera
      produced negative results (P less than 0.001). Data from this study support the
      specificity of a positive result of an LA test performed on undiluted serum, but
      a 1:5 dilution may be optimal for determination of rubella immune status.

PMID- 6371156
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect immunofluorescence assay for Lyme
      disease.
AB  - The sensitivity and specificity of an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and
      ELISA for Lyme disease were estimated. Sera from patients with Lyme disease,
      patients with other infections, and healthy individuals were examined.
      Significant cross-reactivity occurred only with sera from patients with syphilis,
      yaws, and pinta . All tested sera from patients with Lyme disease, however, gave
      negative results in the rapid reagin screening test and the microhemagglutination
      assay for antibodies to Treponema pallidum confirmatory for syphilis. When sera
      from patients with treponemal diseases were excluded from the analysis, the IFA
      and ELISA were highly specific, having 97% and 100% reliability, respectively.
      Sensitivity of both tests varied with the stage of disease but was 100% for both
      tests during complicated Lyme disease. The results indicate that both tests are
      highly specific and sensitive for complicated Lyme disease but relatively
      insensitive for patients with erythema chronicum migrans alone.

PMID- 6371157
TI  - Isolation of bacille Calmette-Guerin after immunotherapy for cancer.

PMID- 6371158
TI  - Adverse effects of chlorpromazine on murine host-defense responses against
      infection with Candida albicans.

PMID- 6371159
TI  - [Mechanism of the megamitochondrial formation. Correlation between structures of
      chemicals and inducibility for megamitochondria].

PMID- 6371160
TI  - [The localization of SP1-like substance in the rat placenta by
      immunohistochemical method].
AB  - A protein which reacted with an anti-serum to pregnancy specific beta 1
      glycoprotein (SP1) was found in rat placenta by the immunohistochemical method,
      and is tentatively called SP1-like substance in this paper. By means of a PAP
      method, the localization of SP1-like substance in the placentae of mice and rats
      was investigated. Placentae were fixed with 10% neutralized formaldehyde and
      Bouin's fluid. In mice placentae, SP1-like substance could not be detected with
      either fixation procedure. In rat placentae, however, the substance was observed
      to be fixed with Bouin's fluid; the strongly stained substance for anti-SP1 serum
      was localized at the cytoplasma in tertiary giant cells of the junctional zone
      near the labyrinth. The animals were examined at 12-13 days, 15-16 days and 19-20
      days of gestation. The SP1-like substance was not stained at 12-13 days
      gestation, but stained weakly at 19-20 days gestation and strongly at 15-16 days
      gestation in the rat's placentae. These results probably reflect the change in
      placental aging.

PMID- 6371161
TI  - [The effects on the maxillary complex induced by the Quad Helix appliance.
      Measurement by strain gauges].

PMID- 6371162
TI  - [Angle's orthodontics: a critical review. II. Angle's non-extraction theory, and
      his attempt on standardization].

PMID- 6371163
TI  - [Muscle pressures exerted on the buccal and lingual polished surfaces of the
      lower dentures].

PMID- 6371164
TI  - [Effect of acid etching technics on the adhesion of composite resins applied to
      the enamel].

PMID- 6371165
TI  - Cryopreservation of pancreatic islet cells.
AB  - Our study describes a useful procedure for cryopreservation of pancreatic islet
      cells. The pancreatic islets of adult hamsters were collected by collagenase
      digestion succeeded by gradient centrifugation and were dispersed by EDTA-Dispase
      treatment. The dispersed cells were suspended in medium consisting of 90%
      Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and 10% fetal bovine serum, supplemented with
      10% dimethyl sulfoxide or glycerol. One milliliter each of the cell suspensions
      containing 10(6) cells was distributed into 2 ml polypropylene tubes, processed
      for freezing under six cooling conditions, and stored in liquid nitrogen (-196
      degrees C). Of the various conditions tested, the cells suspended in dimethyl
      sulfoxide-containing medium and cooled in a program freezer at a rate of 0.5
      degrees C/min down to -40 degrees C, succeeded by a rate of 5 degrees C/min down
      to -70 degrees C, resulted in the highest recovery rate of cells, 61.2% +/- 3.1%.
      This rate was comparable to those of several tissue culture cell lines frozen
      under similar conditions. Recovered cells preserved their morphologic
      characteristics under light and phase-contrast microscopy and formed cell sheets
      in culture. Response of insulin secretion to 3 mg/ml glucose appeared 6 hours
      after thawing, and the response to both 3 mg/ml glucose and 10 mmol/L
      theophylline was recovery to the same level as nonfrozen islet cells after 12
      hours. The applicability of cryopreserved cells for the detection of islet cell
      surface antibody was demonstrated by the indirect method of immunofluorescence
      using islet cell surface antibody-positive human sera.

PMID- 6371166
TI  - Neuropsychiatric status after liver transplantation.
AB  - A neuropsychiatric study of individuals who underwent successful liver
      transplantation an average of 3 years previously was conducted to assess quality
      of life in terms of cognitive capacity and psychiatric status, as well as social
      and behavioral functioning. Compared with a control group of patients with
      Crohn's disease, liver transplant patients did not differ on measures of
      intelligence, language, attention, concentration, spatial organization, memory,
      or learning. Performance on these diverse aspects of cognitive functioning was in
      the normal ranges for both groups when compared with normative or standardized
      test values. The control and liver transplant patients were not different from
      each other on measures of psychiatric status or social functioning; however, both
      groups exhibited some disruption of functioning in these two areas when
      contrasted with normative values. We conclude that relatively young individuals
      (mean age in this study, 27.8 years) do not exhibit debilitating long-term
      neuropsychiatric disability after liver transplantation, although some
      disturbance in social and psychiatric adjustment was observed.

PMID- 6371167
TI  - Stress: a psychosocial view.

PMID- 6371168
TI  - The reduction of nasal airway resistance by rapid maxillary expansion and its
      effect on respiratory disease.

PMID- 6371169
TI  - The skin window test in rhinoscleroma contacts.

PMID- 6371170
TI  - Rupture of supra-aortic neck arteries due to lesions caused by tracheal tubes.
AB  - Haemorrhages from the common carotid or innominate artery caused by tracheal
      tubes are rare but dramatic complications of head and neck surgery. Patients with
      metal tracheostomy cannulas or patients in the phase of wound healing after
      radical tumour resections of the pharynx and larynx run a greater risk. Following
      extensive tumour resections and radiation of the upper respiratory and digestive
      tracts in 680 patients, acute bleeding of the larger neck arteries occurred in 18
      patients. In four of these cases, fistulae developed in the innominate or common
      carotid artery. These ruptures were caused by both plastic and metal tracheal
      tubes.

PMID- 6371171
TI  - Salmonella typhimurium and chronic maxillary sinusitis. A case report.

PMID- 6371172
TI  - Group relaxation training and parental involvement with hyperactive boys.

PMID- 6371173
TI  - Phonemic analysis and how it relates to reading.

PMID- 6371174
TI  - Scanning and transmission electron microscopy as tools for the study of
      phagocytosis of bacteria adherent to hard surfaces.
AB  - A technique for studying the phagocytosis of bacteria colonizing hard surfaces is
      described. Rabbit peritoneal macrophages were allowed to settle on the surface of
      high-molecular-weight polyethylene which had been previously colonized by
      Escherichia coli. To ascertain the presence of bacteria on the surface of the
      polyethylene and the degree of spreading of the attached macrophages, the
      preparations were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The ingestion of E.
      coli by the macrophages was studied by transmission electron microscopy on
      ultrathin sections of resin-embedded monolayers after their separation from the
      polyethylene surface. Numerous intracellular bacteria were located near the area
      of attachment of the macrophages to the substrata, suggesting that the
      phagocytosis of bacteria adherent to the surface of the plastic had taken place.

PMID- 6371175
TI  - Therapeutic traction: a review of neurological principles and clinical
      applications.
AB  - A brief review of traction and its application as a therapeutic tool is outlined.
      The preliminary results obtained indicate that traction, as used in this study,
      along with isokinetic exercises and chiropractic manipulation, have a very
      positive effect on tension headaches originating from the posterior muscles in
      conjunction with pathomechanics of the cervical spine. A brief but pertinent
      review of the literature dealing with the anatomy and physiology of the muscle
      spindle, the muscles, the joints, the neural connections in the spinal cord and
      the central nervous system is presented, to provide the basic principles of the
      possible mechanisms underlying the therapeutic result obtained. This framework
      also provides the basis of a second paper, which will explore the neural control
      mechanisms that are intrinsic in the control of the head, eyes and cervical spine
      movement, with the view of utilizing these to facilitate manipulation of this
      region.

PMID- 6371176
TI  - Effects of a long-acting analogue of LH releasing hormone on human and rat
      corpora lutea.
AB  - Dispersed luteal cells were prepared both from samples of human corpora lutea
      obtained during normal menstrual cycles and from luteinized rat ovaries of
      animals pretreated with pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin and human chorionic
      gonadotrophin (hCG). Addition of the long-acting analogue, D-Ala6-des-Gly10-LH
      releasing hormone ethylamide (D-Ala6-LHRH), to rat luteal cells caused a small
      but significant increase in progesterone production. An inhibitory action of the
      analogue on hCG-stimulated steroidogenesis by rat luteal cells was confirmed.
      Addition of D-Ala6-LHRH to suspensions of human luteal cells had no effect on
      either basal or hCG-stimulated progesterone production. Studies on the
      interaction of 125I-labelled D-Ala6-LHRH with the dispersed cell preparations,
      while confirming the presence of displaceable binding to rat luteal cells, failed
      to detect any equivalent binding to human luteal cells. Low levels of
      displaceable binding observed using homogenates of human corpora lutea are
      interpreted as being of doubtful physiological significance in view of the
      negative findings obtained with the intact cell system.

PMID- 6371177
TI  - An in vitro comparison of retention between a hollow post and core and a solid
      post and core.

PMID- 6371178
TI  - An in vitro comparison of retention between a hollow post and core and a custom
      hollow post and core.

PMID- 6371179
TI  - The origin of intrahepatic bile duct cells in the mouse.
AB  - The origin of the intrahepatic bile ducts in the embryonic mouse liver was
      investigated. At 12.5 and 13.5 gestation days in the C3H/Tw strain mouse, the
      liver parenchyma contains morphologically and histochemically homogeneous
      immature hepatocytes but not bile duct cells. When the liver fragments were
      cultured in the testis, immature hepatocytes differentiated into large
      hepatocytes for the most part and also into bile duct cells. In contrast, when
      the similar liver fragments were cultured under the skin of newborn mice, bile
      duct cells differentiated much earlier in all transplants than those cultured in
      the testis. These bile duct cells were considered to be the intrahepatic bile
      duct cells, since they did not form biliary glands but possessed a basal lamina
      and histochemical characteristics of intrahepatic bile duct cells of the normal
      liver. The origin of the endodermal epithelial cells in the mouse liver is
      discussed with special attention to the differentiation of the intrahepatic bile
      duct cells from the immature hepatocytes.

PMID- 6371181
TI  - Beta 2-microglobulin concentration in plasma and production in liver cirrhosis.
AB  - The beta 2-microglobulin plasma level is often high in patients suffering from
      cirrhosis. Many authors believe this to be due to an increased production,
      provided that the creatinine level is in the normal range. In the present study,
      alterations in the plasma level and production of beta 2-microglobulin were
      investigated in patients with liver cirrhosis without overt renal failure. 62
      patients, 48 men and 14 women, suffering from liver cirrhosis were examined. The
      glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and plasma beta 2-microglobulin were measured in
      all patients and in 16 controls. As beta 2-microglobulin is freely filtered by
      glomeruli and its extrarenal catabolism is negligible, the beta 2-microglobulin
      filtration rate was calculated as the product of the beta 2-microglobulin plasma
      level times the GFR. In steady state conditions, the beta 2-microglobulin
      filtration rate may be used as an indirect index of beta 2-microglobulin
      production. The beta 2-microglobulin plasma level was high in 26 patients;
      however, only 12 of them showed a definite rise in beta 2-microglobulin
      production, as shown by an increased beta 2-microglobulin filtration rate. The 14
      patients with high beta 2-microglobulin plasma levels without high beta 2
      microglobulin filtration rates obviously showed a decreased GFR; however,
      creatinine was not increased because of its small sensitivity as an index of
      renal function. A linear correlation was found between IgG and the beta 2
      microglobulin filtration rate (r = 052; p less than 0.02), not between IgG and
      the beta 2-microglobulin plasma level. The other indices of liver damage were not
      related to the beta 2-microglobulin filtration rate of plasma level.

PMID- 6371182
TI  - Anorexia nervosa and bulimia.
AB  - Anorexia nervosa may occur in one of 200 white adolescent girls, and bulimia
      appears to be much more common, particularly in older adolescents and young
      women. These disorders are distinctly uncommon in the male population. Current
      opinion supports a psychological basis for these disorders, although there are
      some findings that suggest a primary hypothalamic defect. Early warning signs of
      anorexia nervosa include an arrest in weight gain during puberty, increasing
      social isolation, hyperathleticism, and increasing concern over academic
      performance. Bulimia may exist concomitantly with anorexia nervosa or as an
      entirely separate disorder characterized by a recurrent binge-purge cycle. The
      signs and symptoms of these eating disorders are mainly those associated with
      weight loss, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalance. Because of the complex
      psychological issues involved, an experienced psychotherapist should be involved
      while the primary care clinician provides anticipatory and supportive medical
      care.

PMID- 6371183
TI  - Ethylene DiBromide (EDB): a diagnostic and therapeutic problem for the
      practitioner.

PMID- 6371180
TI  - Multiple autoantigen binding capabilities of mouse monoclonal antibodies selected
      for rheumatoid factor activity.
AB  - We report that approximately 1/4 of monoclonal rheumatoid factors produced by
      hybridomas derived from fusions of spleen cells from MRL/lpr/lpr mice with
      systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and arthritis exhibited multiple reactivities
      with other autoantigens, including dDNA , histones, and/or cytoskeletal
      cytoplasmic elements. The patterns of reactivities of most of these clones
      differed, indicating that each had a separate B cell ancestor. Studies with
      eluted antibodies demonstrated that a single species of antibody molecules was
      responsible for the observed multiple reactivities. Inhibition experiments
      suggested that an antibody combining site may be large enough to accommodate
      dissimilar epitopes. These findings may provide further insights into the
      generation and extent of antibody diversity as well as the etiopathogenesis of
      systemic autoimmune diseases.

PMID- 6371184
TI  - Pediatrics in an academic health center.

PMID- 6371185
TI  - The relationships among serum creatinine, beta 2-microglobulin and inulin
      clearance in renal disease.

PMID- 6371186
TI  - Measurement of serum digoxin concentration by radioimmunoassay and by enzyme
      multiplied immunoassay technique.

PMID- 6371187
TI  - [Treatment of cervical skin retraction, sequellae of burns].

PMID- 6371188
TI  - [Reconstruction of the orbital floor in blow-out fractures].

PMID- 6371189
TI  - [Preglottic jet-ventilation in laser microsurgery. Apropos of 100 cases].

PMID- 6371190
TI  - The effects of a number of short-term exogenous stimuli on pineal serotonin-N
      acetyltransferase activity in rats.
AB  - The present study deals with the question as to what extent the sympathetically
      innervated rat pineal gland is affected by a number of short-term exogenous
      stimuli given during day-time, as assessed by measuring pineal serotonin-N
      acetyltransferase activity (NAT) which is directly proportional to melatonin
      formation. In male Sprague-Dawley rats kept under LD 12:12 pineal NAT was
      statistically significantly depressed by physical immobilization for 2 hours,
      swimming for 15 min in water of 10 and 30 degrees C, exposure for 2 hours to cold
      (5 degrees C) or heat (40 degrees C), noise (90 db) for 2 hours and hunger for 17
      hours. An increase in NAT was noted after swimming for 15 min in water of 20
      degrees C. No effect was detectable after 17 hours of thirst or hunger combined
      with thirst and in one of 2 experiments involving exposure to heat (40 degrees C,
      2 hours) and insulin-induced hypoglycemia. In animals kept under continuous
      illumination for 48 hours, immobilization resulted in a slightly smaller decrease
      than under LD 12:12 and insulin-induced hypoglycemia led to a striking increase
      of NAT. As the changes in pineal NAT are brought about by rather strong exogenous
      stimuli it is suspected that the rat pineal gland during day-time is not very
      susceptible to ambient factors of normal range.

PMID- 6371191
TI  - Chemotaxis, chemokinesis, and movement.

PMID- 6371192
TI  - Viscoelastic properties of leukocytes.
AB  - The viscoelastic properties of leukocytes (WBCs) during small deformation were
      determined by micropipette aspiration. The passive deformation behavior of
      neutrophils suspended in a Ca2+-free medium in response to a step aspiration
      pressure consists of an initial rapid, elastic response followed by a creep
      displacement. These time-dependent responses can be modeled by a viscoelastic
      solid in which an elastic element (K1) is in parallel with a Maxwell element
      composed of another elastic element (K2) in series with a viscous element (mu).
      Variations in temperature (9-40 degrees C) cause an inverse change in mu, but
      have no effects on K1 and K2. All three coefficients are not affected by
      decreases in pH down to 5.4; with pH greater than or equal to 7.8, however, K1
      and mu increase. Increases in osmolality cause a rise in all three coefficients,
      especially mu. Colchicine treatment results in selective decreases in mu and K2
      without affecting K1. B lymphocytes have viscoelastic coefficients similar to
      those of neutrophils, but T lymphocytes have higher values for these
      coefficients. In the presence of 2 mM Ca2+, the neutrophils have higher
      viscoelastic coefficients than in Ca2+-free medium, and they form protopods which
      have greater resistance than the main cell body to deformation by micropipette
      aspiration. Morphometric analysis shows that WBCs have large excess membrane area
      due to the presence of membrane foldings, which facilitate WBC deformation at
      constant area. During filtration through 5-micrometers sieves, WBCs are much more
      prone to pore plugging than erythrocytes because of their higher cellular
      viscosity and the presence of nucleus. The rheological properties of WBCs have
      significant implications in their functions and flow dynamics in the
      microcirculation.

PMID- 6371193
TI  - Interactions between neutrophils and microvascular endothelial cells leading to
      cell emigration and plasma protein leakage.

PMID- 6371194
TI  - Modulation of tubulin tyrosinolation in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMM).

PMID- 6371195
TI  - Glial fibrillary acidic protein-like immunoreactivity in the iris: development,
      distribution, and reactive changes following transplantation.
AB  - Using immunohistochemistry with antisera raised against the glial fibrillary
      acidic protein (GFA), we have studied the appearance and distribution of GFA-like
      immunoreactivity in whole mounts of rodent iris and in sectioned cat and cow
      iris. In the adult rat iris, a dense plexus of GFA-positive fibers was seen in
      both the dilator plate and the sphincter. The fluorescent fibers formed large
      meandering bundles and a dense irregular network of thinner fibers. In the
      sphincter, mainly thinner fibers were seen. Thin fibers were also seen winding
      around blood vessels in the dilator plate. In adult mouse iris, the GFA-positive
      fibers had a quite different distribution with a few radially oriented fiber
      bundles superimposed on a more regular network of thinner fibers. Adult guinea
      pig irides showed still another pattern of GFA-positive fibers with a low number
      of bundles and thinner fibers forming a sparse irregular network. In thicker
      fiber bundles of all three rodent species, as well as at branching sites of the
      thinner fibers, negative or weakly fluorescent swellings surrounded by GFA-like
      immunoreactivity were present. These structures probably represent the cellular
      origin of the GFA-positive fibers. Thick, strongly fluorescent fiber bundles, as
      well as numerous thinner fibers, were seen in sections of cat and cow iris.
      Prenatally, fibers were visualized at embryonic day 18 in the rat. In these
      irides as well as in irides from 21-day-old embryos and 1-day-old pups, most
      fibers were organized in a gradually increasing system of thin meandering fiber
      bundles that showed limited branching. At postnatal day 6, a more mature network
      of thinner fibers had developed between the now more numerous fiber bundles. No
      obvious increase or decrease in the amount of GFA-positive fibers was seen in
      irides grafted to the anterior eye chamber of adult rat recipients examined 1 and
      6 days after grafting. However, in these irides, as well as in the host irides,
      strongly fluorescent spider-like cells with short branching processes and a
      negative nucleus were seen. These cells were more numerous and more strongly
      fluorescent in grafted irides as compared to recipient irides and in the 6-day
      iris grafts as compared to the 2-day grafts. In all probability, the GFA-positive
      fibers and cells forming a network in adult irides from different species and in
      embryonic and grafted rat irides represent Schwann cells and their processes. The
      cellular origin of the spider-like cells in the iris grafts is less clear.

PMID- 6371196
TI  - Cell determination and differentiation of identified serotonin-immunoreactive
      neurons in the grasshopper embryo.
AB  - We have begun to investigate the factors that underlie neurotransmitter
      determination in the central nervous system of the grasshopper embryo. The most
      prominent serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the segmental ganglia are three
      clonally related interneurons, cells S1, S2, and S3. S1 and S2 are sibling
      neurons and are the first two born in the family of neurons that is produced by
      neuroblast 7-3; cell S3 derives from one of the second-born pair in the same
      family. S1 is serotonin-immunoreactive in all thoracic and abdominal segments, S2
      in all but two segments (T3 and A1), and S3 in only the prothorax (T1). These
      segment-specific differences are not due to differential cell death but rather
      can be ascribed to biochemical differences between lineally homologous neurons.
      Furthermore, these homologous neurons also display interesting segment-specific
      differences in their morphology. Laser ablation of neuroblast 7-3 before it
      begins its series of programmed cell divisions results in the absence of its
      normal serotonin-immunoreactive neuronal progeny when screened at mature stages.
      These experiments support the hypothesis that transmitter determination is at
      least in part regulated by cell lineage in the grasshopper embryo and that some
      clonally related neurons appear to share a common transmitter determination by
      virtue of their common lineage. The results further suggest that cell lineage
      regulation of transmitter determination may vary according to segment or may be
      modified by as yet unidentified segment-specific factors.

PMID- 6371197
TI  - Leaders in medicine--Malcom E. Phelps, MD.

PMID- 6371198
TI  - Balanced calorie-restricted diets and carbohydrate-restricted diets.

PMID- 6371199
TI  - Subcutaneous air emphysema--a rare condition (four case reports).

PMID- 6371200
TI  - Use of the titanium-coated hollow screw and reconstruction plate system in
      bridging of lower jaw defects.
AB  - Clinical results obtained with hollow titanium screws and reconstruction plates
      in the bridging of mandibular bone defects of 17 patients are described.
      Following implantation the newly forming bone establishes direct contact with the
      sprayed titanium surface of the screw and the underside of the plate and
      permeates the screw. The stability of anchorage therefore increases with the
      duration of implantation. The reconstruction system also allows salvaging of
      small fragments such as the condyloid process. The adjustable, individually
      shaped, mandibular condylar prosthesis permits precise restoration of articular
      guidance on the reconstructed side while preventing incorrect loading of the
      opposite joint. The clinical results confirm the recently published findings from
      animal studies.

PMID- 6371201
TI  - Myospherulosis of the oral hard and soft tissues.
AB  - Myospherulosis is a unique, inflammatory, granulomatous lesion, which results
      from the action of lipid substances on extravasated erythrocytes. Petrolatum
      based antibiotic ointments are the most frequent etiologic agents of
      iatrogenically acquired lesions. Six intraoral cases of myospherulosis are
      presented, including the first reported case in oral soft tissues. The literature
      of reported cases is summarized and the epidemiology, histopathology, and
      ultrastructure of the lesions are discussed. Predisposing events and
      recommendations for future use of petrolatum-based antibiotic ointments are
      presented.

PMID- 6371202
TI  - Dynamic vascular changes in free skin grafts.
AB  - Vascular changes in full-thickness skin grafts in rats were examined at various
      intervals after grafting using microangiography. The grafted skin and its bed
      showed dynamic vascular changes that were considered to be related to release of
      an " angiogenetic factor" produced by the skin under oxygen-deficient conditions
      such as ischemia. The first filling of contrast medium in the grafts was observed
      24 hours after grafting. Both primary and secondary revascularization were
      observed.

PMID- 6371203
TI  - Relationship of the preferred vertical dimension of occlusion to the height of
      the complete dentures in use.
AB  - The dependence of the preferred vertical dimension of occlusion (PVDO) of
      edentulous subjects on the height of the complete dentures the subjects were
      wearing was investigated. Two experiments were carried out. Experiment I tested
      whether PVDO is influenced by a change in the vertical dimension of occlusion of
      the dentures. Experiment II compared PVDO values before and after insertion of
      dentures that had been constructed with an occlusal vertical dimension equal to
      PVDO. It is concluded that PVDO is independent of the height of the complete
      dentures the subject is wearing. Clinical implications are discussed.

PMID- 6371204
TI  - [Structure and retention of the cast clasp].

PMID- 6371205
TI  - [Experimental studies on the forces exerted on the abutment teeth of indirect
      retainers in removable partial denture].

PMID- 6371206
TI  - Fibronectin in disease.

PMID- 6371207
TI  - Fellowships in pediatric subspecialities and general academic pediatric training.

PMID- 6371208
TI  - Lymphedema praecox.

PMID- 6371209
TI  - The art and science of medical decision making.

PMID- 6371210
TI  - Acute rifampin overdose: a pharmacokinetic study and review of the literature.

PMID- 6371211
TI  - Lung-stage expression of a major schistosome surface antigen.
AB  - The topographical expression of a glycoprotein of 180,000 molecular weight on the
      surface of lung-stage Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula was determined by
      immunofluorescence microscopy using a monoclonal antibody. Postfixation treatment
      with graded ethanols enhanced specific immunofluorescent staining of adult worms,
      and was required for detection of the antigen on the surfaces of lung-stage
      schistosomula. The epitope recognized by the monoclonal antibody was also present
      on the surfaces of adult Schistosoma haematobium, but not on those of Schistosoma
      japonicum.

PMID- 6371212
TI  - Culture of Plasmodium falciparum: the role of pH, glucose, and lactate.
AB  - Yields of P. falciparum in intraerythrocytic in vitro cultures were maximized
      when extracellular pH was maintained between 7.2 and 7.45, and extracellular
      lactate was kept below 12 mM. Host erythrocytes metabolized 4.6 +/- 1.5 microM
      glucose/10(9) RBC/24 hr and produced 7.9 +/- 1.8 microM lactate/10(9) RBC/24 hr.
      Asynchronous parasite cultures used 122 +/- 34 microM glucose/10(9) parasitized
      RBC/24 hr and produced 143 +/- 47 microM lactate/10(9) parasitized RBC/24 hr.
      Synchronous cultures that were 80 to 100% ring forms after 24 hr in culture
      exhibited significantly lower glycolysis per 10(9) parasitized RBC than cultures
      that were 0 to 25% ring forms after 24 hr. The percent of glucose utilization
      accounted for by lactate production by parasites was significantly less than that
      of uninfected erythrocytes. These optimum ranges and metabolic rates can be used
      in the development of parasite culture techniques.

PMID- 6371213
TI  - [Active transport of sugars coupled to Na+ in Escherichia coli].

PMID- 6371214
TI  - [Enzyme immunoassay of dexamethasone].

PMID- 6371215
TI  - [Examination of phenytoin metabolites in rat urine].

PMID- 6371216
TI  - Quantitative determination of captopril in blood and captopril and its disulfide
      metabolites in plasma by gas chromatography.
AB  - A sensitive, quantitative gas chromatographic-electron capture (GC-EC) method for
      the determination of captopril in blood and captopril and its disulfide
      metabolites (collectively) in plasma was developed. After addition of an internal
      standard and N-ethylmaleimide to the biological samples, excess N-ethylmaleimide
      and naturally occurring interfering substances were removed by extraction with
      benzene followed by acidification and extraction with hexane. The N
      ethylmaleimide adducts of captopril and of the internal standard were then
      extracted with benzene and converted to their hexafluoroisopropyl esters. For the
      assay of captopril and its disulfide metabolites, tributylphosphine was used to
      reduce the disulfide metabolites to captopril prior to derivatization. The
      hexafluoroisopropyl esters of the N-ethylmaleimide adducts of captopril and of
      the internal standard, the 4-ethoxyproline analogue of captopril, were separated
      by GC on a column packed with 3% OV-101 on Chromosorb W-HP. The lower limits of
      sensitivity were 20 ng/mL for captopril in blood and 50 ng/mL for captopril and
      its disulfide metabolites in plasma. Linearity, precision, and accuracy were
      excellent. The method was validated by comparison of results obtained for total
      captopril in dog plasma by the GC-EC assay with results obtained by a published
      GC-MS method. The assay was applied to dog and human samples to explore its
      general utility.

PMID- 6371217
TI  - Acute effects of high ceiling diuretics on pancreatic blood flow and function.
AB  - The possibility that a decrease in extracellular volume, induced by diuretics,
      would cause a decrease in pancreatic blood flow which, in turn, might compromise
      pancreatic function was examined. Employing fasted anesthetized mongrel dogs, the
      acute effects of furosemide, a typical high ceiling diuretic, on pancreatic blood
      flow and plasma levels of insulin and glucose were examined. Furosemide was found
      to induce a decline in pancreatic blood flow which was similar in all regions of
      the pancreas and the decrease was antagonized when extracellular volume depletion
      was prevented by infusing saline at the same rate as urine flow. The decrease in
      blood flow was significantly correlated with cumulative volume loss. Plasma
      levels of insulin and glucose were, however, not significantly altered during the
      studies. To increase the likelihood of determining significant decreases in
      plasma levels of insulin, acute studies were repeated in dogs in which plasma
      levels of insulin were increased by a continuous infusion of glucose. Both
      furosemide and the structurally unrelated high ceiling diuretic, ethacrynic acid,
      caused a decrease in pancreatic blood flow which was similar in all regions of
      the pancreas. The cumulative volume loss observed with administration of either
      furosemide or ethacrynic acid was significantly correlated with the level of
      pancreatic blood flow observed. Plasma levels of insulin and glucose were not
      significantly altered. It can be concluded that high ceiling diuretic drugs such
      as furosemide and ethacrynic acid do produce a loss in volume which is correlated
      with a decrease in pancreatic blood flow, but decreases in pancreatic blood flow
      alone do not appear to be sufficient to produce overt changes in pancreatic
      function in acute studies.

PMID- 6371218
TI  - Cytosolic and nuclear estrogen receptors in the isolated perfused rat liver.
AB  - The isolated perfused rat liver was investigated as a potential model to analyze
      binding of 17 beta-[3H]estradiol (E2) to cytosolic and nuclear estrogen
      receptors. Viability of the isolated perfused liver was monitored by measuring
      leakage of cytosolic enzymes into the perfusate. These studies indicated that the
      liver remained viable for at least a 90-min perfusion period although significant
      decreases in cytosolic estrogen receptor concentrations occurred during this
      perfusion period. Estrogen receptor loss was minimized by supplementing the red
      blood cell-free perfusion medium with 5 micrograms of insulin per ml. Uptake of
      [3H]E2 by hepatic cytosolic estrogen receptors of the isolated perfused liver was
      rapid as measured by partial purification of radiolabeled ligand receptor
      complexes after varying times of perfusion. Peak liver concentrations of receptor
      bound E2 were achieved 15 min after the onset of perfusion when using livers from
      either male or female rats. After 15 min, radiolabeled cytosolic ligand receptor
      complexes decreased rapidly, reaching lowest concentrations at 60 min.
      Radiolabeled salt-extractable nuclear-binding sites increased up to 30 min and
      then decreased slightly between 30 and 90 min. Both 4S and 5S forms of nuclear
      binding sites were detected in the isolated perfused livers as evaluated by
      sedimentation analysis on 5 to 20% sucrose density gradients. Concentrations of
      radiolabeled cytosolic and nuclear receptors were greater in females than males
      at all perfusion periods examined when the initial concentration of [3H]E2 was 4
      nm. Sex differences in receptor uptake were not as great when higher
      concentrations of [3H]E2 were added to the perfusion medium. These studies
      suggest that the isolated perfused liver is a suitable model to investigate short
      term uptake of estrogens by cytosolic and nuclear receptors.

PMID- 6371220
TI  - [Cholesterol. Dynamic and metabolic aspects].

PMID- 6371221
TI  - [Skinned fiber and muscle contraction].

PMID- 6371219
TI  - Cooling dissociates glucose-induced insulin release from electrical activity and
      cation fluxes in rodent pancreatic islets.
AB  - Insulin release and beta-cell membrane potentials in response to glucose at 37
      and 27 degrees C have been measured simultaneously in single, micro-dissected,
      perifused islets of Langerhans from normal mice. Insulin release and 45Ca outflow
      in response to glucose at 37 and 27 degrees C have been measured simultaneously
      from perfused islets isolated by collagenase digestion from normal rats. The
      effect of cooling on beta-cell membrane potassium permeability was assessed by
      changes in measured membrane potential and input resistance (in the mouse) and by
      changes in 86Rb outflow (in the rat). Resting and active beta-cell membrane
      parameters (i.e. membrane potential, spike frequency, input resistance, 45Ca
      outflow and 86Rb outflow), in both mouse and rat islets, were affected only
      slightly by cooling to 27 degrees C, with temperature coefficients of 2 or lower.
      At 27 degrees C glucose-stimulated insulin release was inhibited completely in
      mouse islets and almost completely in rat islets. The temperature coefficients in
      both preparations were greater than 5. It is concluded that beta-cell electrical
      activity and changes in membrane permeability induced by glucose are not
      consequences of insulin release.

PMID- 6371222
TI  - Mood and the menstrual cycle.
AB  - A majority of women are aware of menstrual cycle-related changes in mood and
      behaviour. Psychiatric disorders may also be influenced by the menstrual cycle. A
      premenstrual tension syndrome has been described. Research into the prevalence,
      aetiology and management of this condition has been hampered by additions and
      alterations to the original description and methodological difficulties involved
      in menstrual cycle research. Biological, psychological and sociological theories
      have been proposed to explain menstrual cycle-related mood changes. Our own
      studies have found evidence of ovarian steroid disturbances, and impaired
      psychological functioning in women with the premenstrual syndrome. Therapeutic
      approaches must consider both aspects. Medication often makes the patient more
      accessible and receptive to regimens aimed at increasing coping skills. More
      vigorous research into this disorder is needed.

PMID- 6371223
TI  - Frontal lobe dysfunctions in schizophrenia--I. Eye movement impairments.
AB  - The phenomena of eye movement impairments in schizophrenia are interpreted in
      this paper, Part I of a two-paper series, in the context of neural mechanisms of
      attention and eye movement control. The predominant pattern of attention and eye
      movement impairment in schizophrenia--a disruption of smooth pursuit by saccadic
      intrusions--is consistent with a disinhibition of saccades. This disinhibition
      may be related to a dysfunction of frontal eye field mechanisms involved in
      feedback regulation of saccades and smooth pursuit during visual tracking. A
      second, less specific type of smooth pursuit impairment consists of saccadic
      substitution, and may be interpreted in terms of a dysfunction of temporo
      parietal mechanisms of task-engagement.

PMID- 6371225
TI  - Anxiety in primary care: is short-term drug treatment appropriate?
AB  - Thirty-six patients with generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder or
      agoraphobia with panic attacks, diagnosed by DSM-III criteria, were treated with
      a new non-benzodiazepine anti-anxiety drug, buspirone, and with diazepam and
      placebo, in a cross-over design. Each patient took buspirone, diazepam and
      placebo for one week each in flexible dosage and balanced order. Ratings of
      symptomatology using the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale were made
      after each week's treatment and a sub-scale used for measuring anxiety change
      alone was used separately. There was no overall difference in efficacy between
      the drugs, but when the scores for individual symptoms were analysed, diazepam
      was significantly superior to the other treatments for the symptom of muscle
      tension only. The results suggest that the common practice of giving short-term
      therapy with tranquilising drugs for anxiety in primary care is pharmacologically
      suspect.

PMID- 6371224
TI  - Frontal lobe dysfunctions in schizophrenia--II. Impairments of psychological and
      brain functions.
AB  - In Part I of this paper (Levin, 1984), it was proposed that the phenomena of eye
      movement impairments in schizophrenia are consistent with a dysfunction of
      frontal eye field mechanisms of ocular-motor control. In Part II, a frontal lobe
      dysfunction in schizophrenia is also proposed on the basis of clinical,
      psychological, neurochemical, and neuropathological grounds. There are striking
      similarities between the clinical frontal syndrome and negative symptom
      schizophrenia. Parallels between experimental studies of disturbances in
      attention and information processing, in humans and animals with frontal lobe
      lesions on the one hand, and in schizophrenics on the other, are noteworthy. The
      evidence for seemingly disparate dysfunctions in schizophrenia of eye movements,
      psychomotility, cognition, arousal, motivation and affect, is consistent with a
      disruption of frontal lobe mechanisms of stimulus-response and drive-response
      modulation. Studies on the neurochemistry and neuroanatomy of schizophrenia
      provide further evidence for a frontal lobe dysfunction in a subgroup of
      schizophrenic patients, particularly those with negative symptoms.

PMID- 6371226
TI  - Relaxation therapy for essential hypertension: specific or nonspecific effects?
AB  - This study investigated the role of nonspecific treatment factors in the
      behavioral control of essential hypertension. Forty-eight subjects with mild
      hypertension were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (1) subject-alone
      relaxation therapy; (2) couples-relaxation therapy; or (3) couples-cognitive
      therapy. The third condition, which provided instruction in cognitive methods of
      stress reduction, controlled for the effects of positive treatment expectancy and
      other nonspecific factors. At the end of 8 weeks, subjects in all three
      conditions showed significant reductions in systolic and diastolic blood
      pressure, which were maintained at 1 and 5 months post-treatment. However, no
      significant differences in effectiveness were observed among conditions at any
      assessment period. Although the results of this study did not unequivocally
      demonstrate that a positive treatment expectancy is a sufficient condition for
      blood pressure reduction, they do raise questions concerning whether relaxation
      therapy is a necessary condition.

PMID- 6371227
TI  - Interventions to alleviate patients' stress: a review.
AB  - Many events occurring in hospital have been found to be stressful for patients.
      Interventions aimed at alleviating these reactions have, in the main, been
      evaluated by psychologists and nurses. Methods used and contrasting approaches
      are reviewed. Although surgery has been the main event for this research, special
      investigations, treatments and hospital admission and discharge have also been
      studied. Outcome criteria have varied with physical measures being used more by
      nurses. Emphasis has been placed on preventing complications rather than
      enhancing recovery. Recent work has tended to compare types of intervention.
      Focused positive reappraisal and information on sensations are provided rather
      than procedural details as they have been found more successful in alleviating
      stress.

PMID- 6371228
TI  - Alcohol and the fighting man--an historical review.

PMID- 6371229
TI  - Mitchiner memorial lecture. 'Another side of Mars'.

PMID- 6371230
TI  - Belsen: medical aspects of a World War II concentration camp. Paper 1.

PMID- 6371231
TI  - Doctors in the wars.

PMID- 6371232
TI  - Charles John Bond of Leicester (1856-1939).

PMID- 6371233
TI  - A computerised data base for the diagnosis of rare dysmorphic syndromes.
AB  - A system is described for the computerised storage and retrieval of information
      on rare dysmorphic syndromes. The clinician can ask a microcomputer for a list of
      syndromes with any logical combination of physical abnormalities. A descriptive
      title and full references are also provided on request. Similar systems would be
      applicable to other medical specialties.

PMID- 6371235
TI  - Medical progress: how much money will it take?

PMID- 6371236
TI  - Effects of the oestrogen antagonist tamoxifen on disease indices in systemic
      lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Sex hormones are possible determinants of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
      Hence treatment with tamoxifen, which competes for oestrogen receptors, was
      assessed in 11 female patients with stable SLE in a double-blind crossover trial.
      The indices used included clinical signs of SLE, renal function, leucocyte
      counts, serum antinuclear and anti-DNA activity, and serum levels of complement
      and immune complexes. No patient improved on tamoxifen and two deteriorated.
      Significant side effects were encountered. The trial yielded no evidence that
      tamoxifen had an ameliorative effect on clinical or laboratory indices of
      activity of SLE.

PMID- 6371237
TI  - Characterization of human macrophage activation factor (MAF) prepared from
      antigen-stimulated lymphocytes.
AB  - Macrophage activation factor (MAF) and migration inhibitory factor (MIF) obtained
      from sensitized human lymphocytes stimulated by streptokinase-streptodornase (SK
      SD) were characterized by gel filtration and isoelectric focusing (IEF)
      techniques. Twenty-four and 48 hr supernatants were chromatographed on Sephadex G
      100 columns and the eluate pooled into 5 fractions: the void volume (Fr. I), the
      eluate containing molecules with a molecular weight ranging from 55-70,000 (Fr.
      II), 30-55,000 (Fr. III), 20-30,000 (Fr. IV) and 10-20,000 (Fr. V). The 24 hr
      supernatants contained MIF activity in Fraction IV and maximal MAF activity in
      Fractions I and II whereas the 48 hr supernatants contained MIF activity in
      Fractions II and IV and maximal MAF activity in Fractions II and III. When the
      supernatants were purified by IEF, the eluant was pooled into 5 fractions:
      Fraction I (pI 3.5-4), Fraction II (pI 4-4.5), Fraction III (pI 4.5-5), Fraction
      IV (pI 5-5.5) and Fraction V (pI 5.5-6). The 24 hr supernatants contained maximal
      MIF activity in Fractions III and IV and maximal MAF activity in Fraction III
      whereas the 48 hr supernatants contained both maximal MIF and MAF activity in
      Fractions I and IV. Thus, it appears that although human MAF can be
      differentiated from MIF in the 24 hr supernatants, MAF and MIF activity in the 48
      hr supernatants are generally found in the same fractions when examined either by
      IEF or gel filtration techniques.

PMID- 6371238
TI  - Anti-intermediate filament antibody in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei.
AB  - Fifteen mice (CBA) were infected with lethal Plasmodium berghei and the
      development of anti-intermediate filament antibody (anti-IF) studied. Sera from
      all the infected animals reacted with the cytoplasmic network of intermediate
      filaments (IF) in the human epidermal laryngeal carcinoma (HEp2) cell line, as
      demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence. Sera from 5 control animals injected
      with 10(4) unparasitized red cells showed no anti-IF reactivity. Anti-IF of IgM
      class was first detectable at day 11 in infected animals. Later, IgG as well and
      IgM anti-IF was found. A steady increase in anti-IF titre was observed during
      infection and a relationship between anti-IF titre and parasitaemia rate was
      noted.

PMID- 6371234
TI  - The fragile X syndrome: the patients and their chromosomes.
AB  - We have reviewed recent publications, mostly from 1980 onwards, concerned with
      the problem of identifying patients with the fragile X chromosome and mental
      retardation, considering the two practical sides of the problem, that is,
      identification by their external appearance and by chromosomal studies. We
      conclude that this condition covers a large range of physical findings which
      occur in varying degrees in people with the chromosome marker. We have tried to
      clarify the existent criteria that have to be considered for an accurate
      cytogenetic diagnosis.

PMID- 6371239
TI  - Effect of bilirubin on an in vitro correlate of cell-mediated immunity--the
      migration inhibition test.
AB  - The effect of bilirubin on one of the basic cell-mediated immunity reactions,
      i.e. the migration inhibition test was assessed. For this purpose the model of
      tuberculin hypersensitivity in rabbits was employed and the effect of bilirubin
      was studied on the migration inhibition test and its two main phases; the process
      of MIF production and the effect of already preformed MIF on the effector system.
      It was found that the neutralizing effect of bilirubin on the migration
      inhibition (caused by specific antigen) was due to the effect of bilirubin on the
      process of MIF production.

PMID- 6371240
TI  - The art of Banting.

PMID- 6371241
TI  - A method of abdominal wound closure.

PMID- 6371242
TI  - Surface reflection interference microscopy: a new method for visualizing
      cytoskeletal components by light microscopy.
AB  - Surface reflection interference microscopy of detergent resistant residues of
      cultured cells stained with protein dyes can be used to obtain high resolution
      images of the cytoskeleton. We have compared the images obtained using different
      dyes and have examined the effect of four of these dyes on the visualization of
      different parts of the cytoskeleton in detail. The dependence of contrast of the
      images obtained on the illuminating numerical aperture and the wavelength of
      incident light was determined. Staining with Acid Yellow 36, Guinea Green B and
      Naphtol Blue Black produces images from the entire cytoskeleton and contrast in
      these images is relatively insensitive to changes in the incident wavelength.
      Coomassie Brilliant Blue R250 images, on the other hand, result primarily from
      reflection from the lower surface of the cytoskeleton and the contrast of these
      images is sensitive to changes in incident wavelength dropping abruptly in the
      region of the transmission peak of the stain. From the different spectral
      sensitivities of the reflection images obtained and from differential
      interference effects at low and high illuminating numerical apertures, we
      conclude that the reflection images obtained using the first three stains result
      from modulation of the reflection by interference effects. In contrast, in the
      case of Coomassie Brilliant Blue R250 the resulting image originates mainly from
      selective reflection of wavelength near the absorption range of the dye.

PMID- 6371243
TI  - Beryllium coating for biological X-ray microanalysis.
AB  - Beryllium is ideal for coating biological specimens for light element X-ray
      microanalysis at low temperature. It has higher electrical and thermal
      conductivity at 100 K and lower absorption of X-rays of biological interest than
      carbon, aluminium or chromium. It produces no detectable characteristic X-rays.
      When adequate precautions are taken beryllium is a valuable alternative to other
      coating materials. Because of its toxicity, however, it should not be used
      indiscriminately.

PMID- 6371244
TI  - Incident light microscopy of surfaces of plastic embedded hard tissues.
AB  - To eliminate sectioning artefacts, we devised a method for the preparation of
      surfaces of plastic embedded hard tissues and their examination by incident light
      fluorescence microscopy. Flat surfaces produced by cutting on a microtome or
      using a low-speed saw were stained with dyes in aqueous solutions. Best results
      were obtained in tissues embedded in glycol-methacrylate. This polymer allowed
      good penetration of the dyes and its optical properties render cutting defects
      invisible with the present method. The relationship between hard and soft tissues
      was well preserved and the integrity of the mineralized component maintained.
      Cellular details and the distinction between osteoid and bone could be
      clearly/demonstrated. The procedure is simple, rapid and produces good results
      even in instances when histological sectioning is unsatisfactory.

PMID- 6371245
TI  - Heroics and heretics: medical practice in antebellum Mississippi.

PMID- 6371246
TI  - Use of calcium channel blocking agents in angina pectoris.

PMID- 6371247
TI  - Radiological seminar CCXXXVI: intraarterial uses for digital subtraction
      angiography (DSA).

PMID- 6371248
TI  - Structure of the ribotrinucleoside diphosphate codon UpUpC bound to tRNAPhe from
      yeast. A time-dependent transferred nuclear Overhauser enhancement study.
AB  - The structure of the ribotrinucleoside diphosphate UpUpC, the codon for
      phenylalanine, bound to yeast tRNAPhe in solution is elucidated using time
      dependent proton-proton transferred nuclear Overhauser enhancement measurements
      to determine distances between bound ligand protons. The glycosidic bond and
      ribose conformations are low anti and 3'-endo, respectively, typical of an A-RNA
      type structure. The main chain torsion angles are all within the range of those
      expected for A-RNA but small differences from those in conventional A-RNA 11
      result in a special structure with a larger rotation per residue (40 to 45
      degrees compared to 32.7 degrees in R-RNA 11) and almost perfect stacking of the
      bases. These two structural features, which are similar to those found in the
      anticodon triplet of the monoclinic crystal form of tRNAPhe, can account for the
      known greater stability of the codon-anticodon complex relative to an equivalent
      double helical RNA trimer with a conventional A-RNA structure.

PMID- 6371249
TI  - Mechanisms of domain closure in proteins.
AB  - Certain enzymes respond to the binding of substrates and coenzymes by the closure
      of an active site that lies in a cleft between two domains. We have examined the
      mechanism of the domain closure in citrate synthase, for which atomic co
      ordinates are available for "open" and "closed" forms. We show that the mechanism
      of domain closure involves small shifts and rotations of packed helices within
      the two domains and at their interface. Large motions of distant segments of the
      structure are the cumulative effect of the small relative shifts in intervening
      pairs of packed segments. These shifts are accommodated not by changes in packing
      but rather by small conformational changes in side-chains. We call this the helix
      interface shear mechanism of domain closure. The relative movements of packed
      helices follow the principles suggested by our recent study of insulin. This
      mechanism of domain closure is quite different from the hinge mechanisms that
      allow the rigid body movements of domains in immunoglobulins. The large interface
      between the domains of citrate synthase precludes a simple hinge mechanism for
      its conformational change. The helix interface shear mechanism of conformational
      change occurs in other enzymes that contain extensive domain-domain interfaces.

PMID- 6371250
TI  - Positions of proteins S14, S18 and S20 in the 30 S ribosomal subunit of
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - A map of the 30 S ribosomal subunit is presented giving the positions of 15 of
      its 21 proteins. The components located in the map are S1, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7,
      S8, S9, S10, S11, S12, S14, S15, S18 and S20.

PMID- 6371251
TI  - Cleavage of two yolk proteins from a precursor in Caenorhabditis elegans.
AB  - Four yolk proteins have been identified previously in the nematode Caenorhabditis
      elegans. However, only two of these proteins ( yp170A and yp170B ) are found
      among the products of in vitro translation of nematode RNA. The other two yolk
      proteins ( yp115 and yp88 ) are apparently cleaved from a precursor polypeptide
      of approximately 180,000 Mr. This precursor has been identified as an in vitro
      translation product and as a metabolically unstable polypeptide in vivo. It is
      bound by immunoglobulin G (IgG) specific for yp115 and by IgG specific for yp88 .
      The immunoadsorbed material yields the same pattern of fragments on partial
      digestion with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease regardless of whether anti-
      yp115 or anti- yp88 IgG is used in the adsorption. Like the yp170 polypeptides,
      the yp115 / yp88 precursor is synthesized by the intestine and secreted intact.
      The precursor is evidently cleaved to yield yp115 and yp88 after secretion from
      the intestine but independent of the presence of the gonad. Thus, cleavage
      probably occurs in the body cavity of the nematode.

PMID- 6371252
TI  - Sydney Ringer--physician and scientist.

PMID- 6371253
TI  - Measurements of intracellular calcium concentration in heart muscle: the effects
      of inotropic interventions and hypoxia.
AB  - The use of aequorin as an intracellular calcium indicator in ventricular muscle
      is described. If the increase of intracellular calcium concentration associated
      with each contraction (the calcium transient) is measured during inotropic
      interventions, it is possible to distinguish two classes of inotropic
      intervention. One class leads to changes in the calcium transient which parallel
      the changes in tension. The second class leads to changes in the calcium
      transient and tension which are different in magnitude or direction. In this
      latter class, changes in the sensitivity of the contractile proteins to calcium
      are occurring and represent an important part of the inotropic mechanism. When
      oxidative phosphorylation is inhibited in an isolated mammalian papillary muscle,
      tension declines but the amplitude of the calcium transients is unaffected.
      Intracellular acidosis caused by lactate production associated with the increased
      rate of glycolysis is the probable mechanism of this decline in tension. When
      both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis are inhibited, both the calcium
      transient and the developed tension decline rapidly to zero. This profound
      contractile failure may be a consequence of a decline in the free energy of
      hydrolysis of ATP so that the sarcoplasmic reticulum can no longer accumulate
      calcium. Hypoxic contractures occur in the absence of significant increases in
      resting [Ca2+]i and are probably due to rigor produced by the low [ATP].

PMID- 6371255
TI  - Burn depth estimation--man or machine.
AB  - A Burn Depth Indicator, utilizing reflectance ratios of red, green, and infrared
      light, has been devised and clinically tested for 18 months at our Burn Center.
      Using the endpoint of wound healing in less than or more than 3 weeks, clinical
      assessment by two experienced surgeons of intermediate depth wounds was compared
      to readings from the BDI . In about one third of cases the surgeons were
      unwilling to commit themselves to a prediction. In the cases where the surgeons
      were willing to make a prediction, they were incorrect about 25% of the time. The
      BDI was significantly more accurate than the clinical assessment in those
      predicted not to heal by the surgeons and maintained an accuracy of 79% in the
      wounds where the surgeons would not make a prediction. The BDI is portable,
      noninvasive, and provides an immediate reading. It may have utility as a triage
      tool for emergency rooms or combat situations, and has utility at present in our
      Burn Center as a more accurate tool than our clinical judgment in predicting
      which wounds should be excised and grafted during the first few days after
      injury.

PMID- 6371254
TI  - Calcium out of control.
AB  - The accumulation of calcium during myocardial hypoxia or ischaemia followed by
      reoxygenation or reperfusion is related to the development of cell necrosis and
      may be an important causal mechanism. Influx of calcium is a late event during
      hypoxia but occurs abruptly on reoxygenation or reperfusion. On reoxygenation
      calcium influx is not altered by nifedipine or quiescence but can be prevented by
      nickel (3 mM), cyanide (5 mM) or FCCP (10(-6) M). The extracellular marker 51Cr
      EDTA does not enter the intracellular fluid on reoxygenation but can when the
      cell membrane is disrupted by a detergent, Brij'35, or the calcium paradox. The
      results suggest that the uptake of calcium on reoxygenation or reperfusion is
      related to the reintroduction of oxygen and caused by an increased calcium influx
      down the concentration gradient. The flux is not through the slow calcium channel
      and is not due to disruption of the membrane. The effects of CN- and FCCP and the
      unaltered calcium efflux suggest that the major part of the calcium uptake is
      stored in intracellular compartments and is not located in the intracellular
      fluid.

PMID- 6371256
TI  - Prostacyclin selectively enhances blood flow in areas of the GI tract prone to
      stress ulceration.
AB  - This study assessed the effect of continuous infusion of prostacyclin on tissue
      blood flow throughout the GI tract to see whether small and large bowel flow was
      also affected. Twelve miniature swine were anesthetized, ventilated, and
      hemodynamically monitored. After stabilization each animal received either
      prostacyclin in buffer at 0.1 mcg/kg/minute for 3 hours or buffer alone
      (controls). Tissue blood flow was documented at baseline and at 1, 2, and 3 hours
      of prostacyclin infusion by injection of radiolabeled spheres. Prostacyclin
      infusion did not significantly affect mean arterial pressure, heart rate, or
      cardiac index compared to controls. At 3 hours tissue blood flow was
      significantly increased in the gastric mucosa (225%), small bowel (110%), cecum
      (260%), and transverse colon (160%) compared to controls. Prostacyclin may be an
      effective agent for prevention of ischemia in all areas of the GI tract prone to
      stress ulceration.

PMID- 6371257
TI  - Etched surfaces of plastic embedded and frozen hydrated gastrointestinal tissue.
AB  - Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is most often used to describe the structure
      of natural surfaces, but it can also be used to examine surfaces created
      artificially by sectioning or cryofracture. When plasma etched resin sections are
      studied, the SEM combines some of the functions of a light microscope and a
      transmission electron microscope. When etched frozen hydrated tissue is examined
      the groundwork is laid for the use of X-ray microanalysis for the study of
      elemental concentrations in tissue unexposed to chemical agents of any kind.
      Examples are given of the study of jejunum and stomach with these two techniques.
      The results are integrated with data from conventional SEM images to produce
      composite diagrams which assist with the interpretation of function and
      topographical morphology.

PMID- 6371258
TI  - High voltage electron microscopy of critical point dried trypanosomatids.
AB  - This paper describes the use of high voltage electron microscope for the
      observation of whole trypanosomatids. The protozoa were adhered, through the use
      of polylysine, to formvar-coated grids which were treated or not with different
      concentrations of Triton X-100, fixed with glutaraldehyde, dehydrated and dried
      by the critical point drying method. The results obtained indicate that it is
      possible to observe the entire mitochondrion of the whole trypanosomatid and the
      spatial array of the sub-pellicular microtubules.

PMID- 6371259
TI  - Paget's disease of bone. A scanning electron microscopic study.
AB  - Paget's disease is a human bone dysplasia with a probable viral origin. SEM
      studies on anorganic and acid etched biopsies confirm the osteocondensation and
      the structural and textural abnormalities (presence of woven bone). Corrosion
      casts revealed a complex scaffolding structure of vascular channels. On resting
      fronts, the domains are small and irregular and surfaces are different from human
      fetal woven bone. Mineralizing fronts extend largely on bone surfaces and present
      evidence of abnormal thickness. Resorption surfaces extend irregularly in
      multiple directions and are often found unusually deep. Irregularity of
      osteoclastic lacunae was also evidenced. This SEM study suggests that an
      osteoblastic qualitative dysfunction could be associated with the osteoclastic
      changes.

PMID- 6371260
TI  - Shigella dysentery in Tripoli, Libya.

PMID- 6371261
TI  - Reversal of pentamidine-induced hypoglycaemia with oral diazoxide.
AB  - Hypoglycaemia is a common and occasionally life-threatening complication of
      therapy with pentamidine isethionate. We observed inappropriately elevated
      insulin levels in a patient with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and pentamidine
      induced hypoglycaemia. Oral diazoxide was effective in reversing the marked
      hypoglycaemia. Pentamidine may exert its hypoglycaemic effect by stimulating
      insulin secretion from the pancreas.

PMID- 6371262
TI  - Severe disseminated Aspergillosis in a captive Abyssinian tawny eagle (Aquila
      rapax raptor).

PMID- 6371263
TI  - Kidney transplant pioneer John P. Merrill drowns.

PMID- 6371264
TI  - Chymopapain injection.

PMID- 6371265
TI  - Jacques-Alexandre-Cesar Charles.

PMID- 6371266
TI  - Landmark article Jan 28, 1956: Successful homotransplantation of the human kidney
      between identical twins. By John P. Merrill, Joseph E. Murray, J. Hartwell
      Harrison, and Warren R. Guild.

PMID- 6371268
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Shigellosis among tourists--Union of Soviet Socialist
      Republics, 1983.

PMID- 6371267
TI  - Landmark perspective: The landmark identical twin case.

PMID- 6371269
TI  - Max Born.

PMID- 6371270
TI  - Positive end expiratory pressure in adults.

PMID- 6371271
TI  - Landmark article Aug 6, 1955: Considerations in the preparation and use of
      poliomyelitis virus vaccine. By Jonas E. Salk.

PMID- 6371272
TI  - Landmark perspective: Inactivated poliomyelitis vaccination. Issues reconsidered.

PMID- 6371273
TI  - Presidential candidate disability.

PMID- 6371274
TI  - Ice cream in the diet of insulin-dependent diabetic patients.
AB  - We investigated the effect of ice cream ingestion on blood glucose control in
      conventionally treated and intensively treated insulin-dependent (type I)
      diabetic patients. After the ingestion of 100 g of ice cream, plasma glucose
      excursions as measured by the peak increment (90 +/- 30 mg/dL) and area under the
      curve (166 +/- 59 mg/dL X hour) were modest and not significantly different
      between the subgroups of intensively treated and conventionally treated
      diabetics. A small dose (3 to 5 units) of rapid-acting insulin given 30 minutes
      before ingestion of ice cream reduced the modest plasma glucose excursion. A
      modest amount of ice cream may be included in weight-maintaining diets of insulin
      dependent diabetics. Small doses of rapid-acting insulin prevent any adverse
      effect of the ice cream on blood glucose control.

PMID- 6371275
TI  - Landmark article March 15, 1958: Smoking and death rates--report on forty-four
      months of follow-up of 187,783 men. By E. Cuyler Hammond and Daniel Horn.

PMID- 6371276
TI  - Landmark perspective: Smoking and death rates.

PMID- 6371277
TI  - Quantitation of beta 2-microglobulin and other immune characteristics in a
      prospective study of men at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
AB  - Serum samples from 24 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
      and from 15 patients with an early or milder form of this disease ("suspected
      AIDS") were found to contain elevated levels of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M).
      Therefore, prospective studies of 40 asymptomatic homosexual men from New York
      City were undertaken to determine whether quantitation of beta 2M and other
      immunologic variables was useful in recognizing those in populations at high risk
      for this disease who have a high probability for experiencing symptoms consistent
      with AIDS. After 20 to 26 months of follow-up, two of those persons now have AIDS
      and four have suspected AIDS. All six of these persons had elevated serum beta 2M
      levels and other immunologic abnormalities when they entered this study. Of those
      tested, only one other man had an increased level of beta 2M; neither he nor any
      of the remaining 33 persons in this group developed AIDS.

PMID- 6371278
TI  - Dihydroergotamine-heparin prophylaxis of postoperative deep vein thrombosis. A
      multicenter trial. The Multicenter Trial Committee.
AB  - In a large, prospective, multicenter investigation of the prophylaxis of deep
      vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients undergoing elective abdominal, pelvic, and
      thoracic surgery, 880 patients were randomized into five treatment groups: those
      receiving (1) dihydroergotamine mesylate, 0.5 mg, plus heparin sodium, 5,000 IU;
      (2) dihydroergotamine mesylate, 0.5 mg, plus heparin sodium, 2,500 IU; (3)
      heparin sodium, 5,000 IU alone; (4) dihydroergotamine mesylate, 0.5 mg alone; or
      (5) placebo. Treatment was initiated preoperatively and continued twice daily for
      five to seven days. Daily radiofibrinogen uptake tests revealed the following DVT
      rates: Dihydroergotamine mesylate, 0.5 mg, plus heparin sodium, 5,000 IU, 9.4%;
      dihydroergotamine mesylate, 0.5 mg, plus heparin sodium, 2,500 IU, 16.8%; heparin
      sodium, 5,000 IU alone, 16.8%; dihydroergotamine mesylate, 0.5 mg alone, 19.4%;
      and placebo, 24.4%. Dihydroergotamine mesylate, 0.5 mg, plus heparin sodium,
      5,000 IU, was significantly superior to all other treatments. Adverse drug
      experiences did not differ significantly between groups and consisted primarily
      of postoperative bleeding (2% to 3%), injection site hematoma (6% to 12%), and
      wound hematoma (1% to 3%).

PMID- 6371279
TI  - Landmark article Aug 6, 1960: Live, orally given poliovirus vaccine. Effects of
      rapid mass immunization on population under conditions of massive enteric
      infection with other viruses. By Albert B. Sabin, Manuel Ramos-Alvarez, Jose
      Alvarez-Amezquita, William Pelon, Richard H. Michaels, Ilya Spigland, Meinrad A.
      Koch, Joan M. Barnes, and Johng S. Rhim.

PMID- 6371280
TI  - Landmark perspective: Mass vaccination against polio.

PMID- 6371281
TI  - The bushwhacker pathologist of Walla Walla. An interview with Frederic Davis.

PMID- 6371282
TI  - Effect of prostacyclin and prazosin in the treatment of congestive heart failure;
      with special reference to the sympathetic nervous system.
AB  - Therapy to decrease the load in congestive heart failure is now classified as
      acute and chronic vasodilator therapy. In this symposium, we presented
      prostacyclin (PG I2) as an acute and prazosin as a chronic vasodilator. Their
      hemodynamic and clinical effectiveness were evaluated and their effect on the
      sympathetic nervous system was also studied. We studied the effect of intravenous
      prostacyclin infusion in doses of 22 +/- 11 ng/kg/min in nine patients with
      severe congestive heart failure refractory to digitalis and diuretic drugs. After
      prostacyclin infusion, mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreased from
      21.0 +/- 7.9 to 15.0 +/- 6.6 mmHg (p less than 0.001), mean arterial pressure
      from 98.9 +/- 12.8 to 76.2 +/- 7.0 mmHg (p less than 0.001), systemic vascular
      resistance from 2,574 +/- 384 to 1,368 +/- 283 dynes X sec X cm-5 (p less than
      0.001), pulmonary vascular resistance from 1,008 +/- 451 to 443 +/- 135 dynes X
      sec X cm-5 (p less than 0.001) and pulmonary arteriolar resistance from 330 +/-
      111 to 189 +/- 73 dynes X sec X cm-5 (p less than 0.001). The cardiac index
      increased from 2.0 +/- 0.37 to 3.2 +/- 0.59 l/min/m2 (p less than 0.001), and the
      stroke index from 27.6 +/- 8.69 to 42.0 +/- 0.62 ml/m2 (p less than 0.001).
      Moreover, prostacyclin therapy counteracted the sensation of coldness of the
      limbs and face, and patients felt warmth and mild flushing of the face. The
      effect of prazosin on the exercise duration time until dyspnea was evaluated by
      the treadmill test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6371283
TI  - [Effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) on increased pulmonary microvascular permeability
      due to endotoxin].

PMID- 6371284
TI  - [Blood lidocaine concentration--comparison between enzyme- immunoassay and high
      pressure liquid chromatography].

PMID- 6371285
TI  - [Effects of postoperative analgesia on endocrine-metabolic response to surgery-
      continuous epidural analgesia with bupivacaine and morphine].

PMID- 6371286
TI  - [Effects of epinephrine and splenectomy on plasma and erythrocyte potassium].

PMID- 6371287
TI  - [The comparative study of buprenorphine and pentazocine for preanesthetic
      medication].

PMID- 6371288
TI  - [The effects of L- and D.L-lactated Ringer's solutions on body fluids and lactate
      metabolism during surgery].

PMID- 6371289
TI  - [Effects of brotizolam (WE 941) as a premedicant on plasma noradrenaline (NA)
      concentration].

PMID- 6371290
TI  - [Comparative study of the activities of beta lactamase inhibitors by nuclear
      magnetic resonance spectrometry].
AB  - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry were applied for the measurement of
      inhibitory activity of some drugs towards beta-lactamase in living cells. From
      the integrated values of the signals based on 5-H and 6-H of beta-lactam ring or
      methyl proton of C-2 position of ABPC as substrate, the inhibition dose of 50%
      (ID50 value) to beta-lactamase activity under the condition containing 10 mg of
      ABPC was calculated. The ID50 values (mg) of clavulanic acid (CVA), N
      formimidoylthienamycin (MK 0787) and dicloxacillin (MDIPC) known as beta
      lactamase inhibitor were less than 0.0001, 0.4 and 0.6, respectively, when each
      inhibitor was preincubated for 10 minutes. The ID50 values of cefoxitin (CFX),
      cefmetazole (CMZ), latamoxef (LMOX) and cefotaxime (CTX) known as beta-lactamase
      resistant drugs were 1.4, 1.3, 0.4 and more than 20.0, respectively, under same
      condition. From these results, it was clearly shown that CVA is excellent
      inhibitor to the beta-lactamase of Richmond's class III in living cells. And the
      inhibitory effect of CFX, CMZ and LMOX was also clearly shown.

PMID- 6371291
TI  - [Double-blind comparative clinical evaluation of cefamandole and cefmetazole in
      the treatment of respiratory tract infections].
AB  - Cefamandole sodium (CMD), a new cephalosporin-derivative, was synthesized in the
      Laboratory of Eli-Lilly Co. Ltd. U.S.A. in 1972. CMD, which is several times more
      active than cefmetazole (CMZ, a cephamycin antibiotic) against Gram-positive
      cocci, is only as active as the latter antibiotic against Gram-negative bacilli.
      Against Haemophilus influenzae, CMD exhibits an antimicrobial activity which is
      as strong as that of ampicillin sodium. Our previous comparative tests on
      efficacy and safety of CMD versus cefazolin (CEZ) demonstrated that CMD was as
      effective and safe as CEZ in the treatment of respiratory tract infections. In
      the present clinical trial, the efficacy and safety of CMD are evaluated by a
      comparative double blind method using CMZ, a more recently synthesized cephamycin
      antibiotic, as a reference drug. For this purpose, a comparative double blind
      study was carried out in 50 institutions and clinics in Tohoku and Hokkaido
      districts in Japan. A total of 272 inpatients, who was aged over 16 years and was
      diagnosed as having pneumonia, lung abscess or acute infectious exacerbation of
      chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, was included in this trial. They received
      2 g of CMD or CMZ twice a day by intravenous drip infusions, as a rule, for 14
      days. Of these patients, 264 (133 received CMD and 131 CMZ) were available for
      the evaluation of safety and usefulness. Two hundred and thirty-eight patients
      (122 received CMD and 116 CMZ) were adopted for the evaluation of efficacy. Prior
      to the treatment, there was no significant difference with respect to age, sex,
      severity of infection and underlying diseases between subjects in 2 treatment
      groups. An excellent or good clinical response was obtained in 82% of the
      patients treated with CMD, and in 81% of those treated with CMZ. Thus, there was
      no significant difference in cure rate between 2 treatment groups. However, an
      excellent clinical response was found in 12.3% of the patients treated with CMD,
      whereas only in 4.3% of those treated with CMZ. This difference in percentage of
      excellent clinical response between 2 treatment groups was statistically
      significant (P less than 0.05). Of the 87 patients with moderate to severe
      infection who were treated with CMD, 13 showed an excellent response. Only 4 of
      90 patients treated with CMZ showed an excellent response. Statistically the
      difference in the rate of excellent response between these 2 groups was
      significant (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6371292
TI  - [Therapeutic effects of micronomicin on experimental infections in mice by
      intravenous administration].
AB  - Protective effects of intravenous administration of micronomicin (MCR) on mouse
      experimental infections were investigated. Mice were better protected by
      intravenous administration in S. marcescens T-55 experimental infection than
      subcutaneous administration. No remarkable differences were found between the two
      administrations in cases of P. aeruginosa BMH No. 1 and E. coli GN 2411-5
      infections. Intravenous administrations of MCR, gentamicin (GM), dibekacin (DKB),
      amikacin (AMK) and sisomicin (SISO) protected the infection of P. aeruginosa BMH
      No. 1 in a similar extent. MCR was more effective intravenously than AMK; DKB and
      AMK; DKB, AMK and SISO in experimental infections of E. coli GN 2411-5; S.
      marcescens T-55; P. aeruginosa KY-8510 harboring aminoglycoside inactivating
      enzyme AAC(6')-4, respectively.

PMID- 6371293
TI  - [Clinical study on dosage schedule of tobramycin: controlled comparison between
      180 mg b.i.d. and t.i.d].
AB  - The efficacy and safety of tobramycin (TOB) administration at 90 mg twice a day
      (90 mg group) to patients with respiratory tract infections (RTI) were
      objectively investigated by means of a well-controlled comparative study. The
      results in this 90 mg group were compared with the case of administering 3 times
      a day of 60 mg each (60 mg group) as the control. In both of these patient
      groups, TOB was administered by intramuscular injection for 10 consecutive days.
      This study included 85 patients (90 mg group: 43 patients; 60 mg group: 42
      patients). The Committee, however, excluded 19 patients consisting of 13 cases of
      infection other than RTI and 6 cases of out of protocol drug administration.
      Thus, 66 patients (90 mg group: 32 patients; 60 mg group: 34 patients) were used
      for the efficacy analysis. All 85 patients were used, however, for the evaluation
      of the safety of TOB and for the usefulness of TOB as judged by the physicians in
      charge. A brief summary of the results is presented below. The cases employed by
      the Committee consisted of 8 and 17 cases in the 90 mg and 60 mg groups,
      respectively, with bacterial pneumonia and lung abscess, and 24 and 17 cases in
      the 90 mg and 60 mg groups, respectively, with chronic RTI. There was a tendency
      for the distribution of disease cases in the 2 drug groups to be significant.
      Within the chronic RTI disease classification, the number of patients with
      chronic bronchitis was almost equal in the 2 drug groups; 16 cases in the 90 mg
      group and 15 cases in the 60 mg group. However, secondary infections were
      diagnosed in 8 cases in the 90 mg group and 2 cases in the 60 mg group. The
      clinical efficacy judged for all cases investigated by the Committee showed
      efficacy ratios of 56.3% for the 90 mg group and 70.6% for the 60 mg group. The
      difference between the 2 drug groups was not statistically significant. In the
      treatment of bacterial pneumonia and lung abscess, the efficacy rate in the 90 mg
      group was 87.5%, while it was 88.2% in the 60 mg group; these high values were
      practically identical. Against chronic RTI, the efficacy rates were 45.8% in the
      90 mg group and 52.9% in the 60 mg group; within that disease classification, the
      efficacy rates against the chronic bronchitis cases were nearly the same at 43.8%
      and 46.7%, respectively. These data showed no statistically significant
      differences between the 2 drug administration groups. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 6371294
TI  - [Basic and clinical studies on ceftazidime in the field of obstetrics and
      gynecology].
AB  - Ceftazidime (CAZ), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, was studied in the field of
      obstetrics and gynecology, and the following results were obtained. The
      absorption and tissue penetration of CAZ into intrapelvic genital organs were
      good after a single drip infusion of 1.0 g for 30--60 minutes. The maximum level
      of 76.4 micrograms/ml was obtained in uterine artery serum at 8 minutes after
      administration. The high concentrations were also obtained in genital tissues;
      the maximum concentrations ranged from 46.8--62.1 micrograms/g at 20 minutes
      after administration and the levels were as high as 2.1--7.7 micrograms/g at 5
      hours and 40 minutes after administration. The concentration curves in tissues
      were consistent with those of serum levels. The concentrations of CAZ in
      retroperitoneal dead space exudate were determined after intravenous drip
      infusion of 1 g. The peak levels ranged from 26 to 32 micrograms/ml after 30
      minutes of administration and the level of 8.53 micrograms/ml was sustained even
      6 hours later. Good response was obtained in cases of gyneco-obstetric infections
      such as intrauterine infection, intrapelvic infection and external genital
      infection with daily dose of 2--4 g. CAZ was effective in 13 out of 14 cases (the
      efficacy ratio; 92.9%). As to side effects, gastric discomfort and vomiting were
      observed in 1 case.

PMID- 6371295
TI  - [Tissue penetration and clinical effects of ceftazidime in the field of
      obstetrics and gynecology].
AB  - To study concentrations in the gynecological organs, ceftazidime (CAZ) was given
      intravenously by one shot of 0.5 g to 1 patient and of 1.0 g to 10 patients who
      underwent simple hysterectomy because of uterine myoma. Also, clinical effect of
      the drug was studied in 3 cases. The levels of CAZ in sera in uterine artery and
      elbow vein, and tissue concentrations in various sites of the gynecological
      organs obtained during 50 to 425 minutes after administration were determined by
      the paper-disc method with P. mirabilis ATCC 21100 strain. Concentrations of CAZ
      at 92 minutes after administration of 1.0 g i.v. were 39.8 mcg/ml in serum of
      uterine artery, 47.6 mcg/ml in serum of elbow vein, 20.5 mcg/g (tissue/serum
      ratio 0.43) in the ovary, 18.0 mcg/g (0.38) in the fallopian tube, 16.1 mcg/g
      (0.34) in the endometrium, 34.5 mcg/g (0.72) in the myometrium, 30.8 mcg/g (0.65)
      in the uterine cervix, 36.4 mcg/g (0.76) in the portio vaginalis and then
      gradually decreased time-dependently. Tissue concentrations were higher than
      those in serum in the endometrium, uterine cervix and portio vaginalis at 147
      minutes after administration. CAZ concentrations of adipose tissue between 353
      and 365 minutes after injection of 1.0 g were lower than 0.8 mcg/g. The clinical
      responses to CAZ in intrapelvic infections were good in all cases. Slight
      elevation of total bilirubin, to 1.5 mg/dl, was observed in a case. In the light
      of these clinical findings, CAZ appears to be a potent antibiotic effective in
      the clinical application.

PMID- 6371296
TI  - [Evaluation of the clinical effect of ceftazidime in the field of obstetrics and
      gynecology].
AB  - Ceftazidime (CAZ) was administered to patients with obstetrical and gynecological
      infectious diseases and we studied its clinical effect: CAZ was administered to
      24 patients at a dose of 2--4 g per day (twice a day) by drip infusion over a
      period of 3--11 days (total 6--32 g). The subjects included 19 cases of
      intrauterine infection, 4 of adnexitis, and 1 of infection of the external
      genital organs. The overall clinical results were excellent in 6 cases and good
      in 18 cases, the efficacy rate being 100%. For bacteriological study, 26 strains
      were isolated from 16 patients. These included Gram-positive bacteria (10
      strains), Gram-negative bacteria (6 strains) and anaerobes (10 strains). After
      CAZ treatment, 4 strains (S. mitis 1, E. coli 1, P. anaerobius 1, B.
      melaninogenicus 1) were eliminated, but as to the other 22 strains, the results
      were unknown, because we could not examine microbiology after administration. No
      clinical side effect or abnormality in laboratory findings was observed.

PMID- 6371297
TI  - [Experimental and clinical studies of ceftazidime in the field of obstetrics and
      gynecology].
AB  - Ceftazidime (CAZ) was studied for its transference into adnexa uteri and uterine
      tissues as well as for its effects and safety on gynecological infections. The
      results obtained are as follows: Peak levels of CAZ were obtained in the tissues
      of adnexa uteri and uteri at 15--30 minutes after one shot intravenous injection
      of CAZ 1 g, and relatively high concentrations were maintained for several hours.
      In the treatment of 33 cases of gynecological infections, the clinical efficacy
      of CAZ was assessed as excellent in 13 cases and effective in 20 cases. As for
      the bacteriological effects of CAZ, 95.5% of clinically isolated organisms were
      eradicated. The laboratory tests performed before and after administration of CAZ
      revealed rise in GOT, GPT values in 2 cases and eosinophilia in 1 case. However,
      these cases were all mild and required no particular measures.

PMID- 6371298
TI  - [Clinical use of ceftazidime in the field of obstetrics and gynaecology].
AB  - Clinical effect and safety of ceftazidime (CAZ) in the obstetrics and gynaecology
      were studied in 7 cases of intrauterine infections, 8 cases of parametritis, 1
      case of Bartholin's abscess, and 4 cases of intrapelvic infections totalling 20
      cases. CAZ was administered at a dose of 2 g per day by intravenous drip
      infusion, for 4--9 days depending on severity of the disease. The results showed
      that CAZ was effective in 13 out of 20 cases (overall efficacy rate 65%), and
      especially in intrauterine infections, it was effective in all the cases.
      However, effects were not satisfactory in 8 cases of parametritis and 4 cases of
      intrapelvic infections for various reasons such as influences of underlying
      diseases including cancer. Neither adverse reactions nor abnormal laboratory
      findings attributable to CAZ were observed during the treatment.

PMID- 6371299
TI  - [Amrinone, a new cardiotonic agent].

PMID- 6371300
TI  - [Renin-angiotensin system antagonists].

PMID- 6371301
TI  - [Effects of insulin in myocardial protection].

PMID- 6371302
TI  - [Role of prostacyclins in acute coronary disease].

PMID- 6371303
TI  - [Blood substitutes].

PMID- 6371304
TI  - [Immunoelectron microscopy. Enzyme antibody method and protein-A gold technique].

PMID- 6371305
TI  - [Selective muscarinic receptor antagonists].

PMID- 6371306
TI  - [Prostaglandin analogs for the treatment of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 6371307
TI  - [Duodenal ulcer and drug therapy].

PMID- 6371308
TI  - [High performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection (LC-EC) and its
      clinical use, with special reference to the detection of biogenic amines].

PMID- 6371309
TI  - [Aggressive factor in the etiology of peptic ulcer--gastric acid secretion].

PMID- 6371310
TI  - [Mucosal cytoprotective effects of prostaglandin].

PMID- 6371311
TI  - [Classification of hypertension].

PMID- 6371312
TI  - [Etiological studies of essential hypertension. C. Catecholamines].

PMID- 6371313
TI  - [Pathophysiology of hypertension. c. Electron transport. 1) Biological transport
      in the kidney].

PMID- 6371314
TI  - [Etiological studies of secondary hypertension. a. Renal hypertension].

PMID- 6371315
TI  - [Captopril in the management of hypertension].

PMID- 6371316
TI  - [Obesity and hypertension].

PMID- 6371317
TI  - [Concepts, pathophysiology and diagnostic criteria of preleukemic state].

PMID- 6371318
TI  - [Recording of action potentials of a single muscle fiber and its clinical
      application--with special reference to single fiber electromyography].

PMID- 6371319
TI  - [Kinesiologic analysis by surface electromyography].

PMID- 6371320
TI  - [Impedance cardiography and cardiac output].

PMID- 6371321
TI  - [Transcutaneous measurement of partial blood oxygen pressure].

PMID- 6371322
TI  - [Clinical application of lung magnetism measurement].

PMID- 6371323
TI  - [Measurement of body surface potentials and its clinical significance].

PMID- 6371324
TI  - [Non-invasive blood pressure determination].

PMID- 6371325
TI  - [Cardiovascular diseases and clinical laboratory examination. (3). Circulatory
      diseases and clinical examination, with special reference to electrocardiographic
      examination].

PMID- 6371326
TI  - [Comparative study of MO, HA, and EIA methods for the detection of HBe-Ag and
      anti-HBe].

PMID- 6371327
TI  - [Detection of human circulating islet cell surface antibodies by dispersed rat
      pancreatic islet cells. II. The standard to estimate the results of the indirect
      immunofluorescence assay].

PMID- 6371328
TI  - [Computed tomography of spinal lumbosacral lipoma in children].

PMID- 6371329
TI  - [A case of acute lymphocytic leukemia of long survival by bone marrow
      transplantation].

PMID- 6371330
TI  - [Release of prostaglandins in rat stomach].

PMID- 6371331
TI  - [The effect of spironolactone and trichlormethiazide on blood pressure, plasma
      dry weight and plasma potassium in the elderly hypertension].

PMID- 6371332
TI  - Identification of human bloodstains by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

PMID- 6371333
TI  - [Immunoadsorbents for the purification of MN blood group system antibodies].

PMID- 6371334
TI  - [A study on immunoelectron microscopy, with special reference to the utility of
      commercially available peroxidase-labeled antibodies. Clinical application].

PMID- 6371335
TI  - [Distribution of glomerular actin in renal diseases].

PMID- 6371336
TI  - [The role of sodium and potassium in borderline hypertension].

PMID- 6371337
TI  - [Clinical investigation of beta 2-microglobulin in primary glomerulonephritis:
      correlation with renal histopathological findings].

PMID- 6371339
TI  - [Attending Zen meditation sessions: monologue of a head nurse].

PMID- 6371338
TI  - [The variation of low molecular weight protein level after intravenous arginine
      administration--correlation between renal tubular function and the level of beta
      2-microglobulin].

PMID- 6371340
TI  - Influences of taurine on functions of rat neutrophils.

PMID- 6371341
TI  - [New operative procedure, "auto strut method" for funnel chest].

PMID- 6371342
TI  - [Transvenous retrieval of an embolized intracardiac catheter. A case report].

PMID- 6371343
TI  - [Possibility of improvement of new cardiopulmonary bypass technique without
      heparin].

PMID- 6371344
TI  - [High frequency jet ventilation in severe respiratory failure].

PMID- 6371345
TI  - Modification of pancreatic carcinogenesis in the hamster model. VIII. Inhibitory
      effect of exogenous insulin.
AB  - The effect of exogenous insulin, which has been known to suppress beta-cell
      function of islets, was investigated on pancreatic carcinogenesis induced by N
      nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl) amine [(BOP) CAS: 60599-38-4; 2,2'-dioxo-N
      nitrosodipropylamine]. Three groups of Syrian golden hamsters were treated sc
      once with BOP (20 mg/kg body wt) simultaneously with (group 1), 120 minutes
      before (group 2), or 120 minutes after (group 3) a single sc injection of porcine
      insulin (5 U/kg body wt). Group 4 was a BOP-treated control. Survivors were
      killed 46 weeks after BOP administration, and the pancreas, common duct, and
      gallbladder were examined histologically. When given 120 minutes before or after
      BOP, insulin inhibited the induction of benign and malignant pancreatic lesions
      in a statistically significant fashion. However, the simultaneous administration
      of BOP also led to similar (although not statistically significant) results as
      did the administration of insulin 120 minutes after BOP. Insulin also seemed to
      inhibit tumor induction in the common duct and gallbladder, regardless of when it
      was administered; however, the differing incidence was statistically significant
      only in hamsters from group 3 killed at the experiment's end. The overall data
      suggest that the inhibitory effect of exogenous insulin on pancreatic
      carcinogenicity is not merely through islet cells, but rather through other (or
      additional) mechanisms.

PMID- 6371346
TI  - Historical note: Roscoe Roy Spencer (1888-1982).

PMID- 6371347
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against human pancreatic adenocarcinoma: distribution of DU
      PAN-2 antigen on glandular epithelia and adenocarcinomas.
AB  - This report describes the distribution of antigen DU-PAN-2, defined by a
      monoclonal antibody raised against human pancreatic carcinoma cells, on a variety
      of tumors and nonneoplastic tissues. With the use of an immunoperoxidase
      technique, the antigen was detected on 16 of 16 pancreatic carcinomas, on 5 of 5
      gallbladder or bile duct carcinomas, on the great majority of stomach
      adenocarcinomas, and, less commonly, on adenocarcinomas of other primary sites.
      Substantial intratumor heterogeneity of antigen expression was noted. DU-PAN-2
      antigen was present on many types of normal glandular epithelial cells but often
      was more weakly expressed than on the corresponding tumors. The immunomorphology
      of staining, coupled with biochemical information known about the antigen,
      supports the notion that the DU-PAN-2 antigen is a mucin-like substance. Its
      relative restriction of expression on different types of glandular epithelium
      suggests that DU-PAN-2 antibody might be a useful reagent for helping to
      determine the site of origin of adenocarcinomas.

PMID- 6371348
TI  - Research on methods of fertility regulation.
AB  - Researchers continue to discover improved methods of fertility regulation. The
      primary goal has been to find methods that are as effective as oral
      contraceptives and the intrauterine device, but that have fewer side effects.
      Ease of administration and long-term usage are highly desirable secondary goals.
      Hormonal methods (various pills, implants, vaginal rings, and injectables), new
      intrauterine devices, and other methods under study are discussed.

PMID- 6371349
TI  - Voluntary termination of pregnancy.
AB  - Multiple factors are involved in the decision to terminate an unplanned
      pregnancy. Gestational age is the most important factor affecting the risk of
      abortion; after six weeks gestation, the earlier the abortion is performed, the
      safer. Currently, 90% to 95% of abortions occur within 12 weeks of gestation.
      However, abortion availability and accessibility remain a problem. A discussion
      of abortion incidence, procedures, complications, and pre- and postabortal
      evaluation is presented. Implications for the nurse practitioner are reviewed.

PMID- 6371350
TI  - [A child needs help].

PMID- 6371351
TI  - [Calcium antagonists in the treatment of ischemic heart disease].
AB  - Using clinical and instrumental findings, the therapeutic effectiveness,
      hemodynamic effects and tolerance of the three nifedipin derivatives adalate
      (FRG), corinfar (GDR) and fenigidin (USSR) were studied in 51 patients. The data
      provided by questioning, examinations and bicycle ergometric tests showed an
      antianginal effect in 68.5% of the patients treated with corinfar and adalate,
      and in 61% of those given fenigidin. The best response was observed in patients
      with angina of effort and those with the angiospastic variant of angina pectoris.
      The drugs were well tolerated and brought about an insignificant decrease in the
      arterial pressure and the pulse rate attended by no substantial hemodynamic
      alterations.

PMID- 6371352
TI  - [Sorption methods in the complex treatment of cardiogenic shock].

PMID- 6371353
TI  - [Memorable and anniversary dates in the history of cardiology 1984].

PMID- 6371354
TI  - [Problems of intravascular blood coagulation and thrombus formation in ischemic
      heart disease].
AB  - On the basis of the recent literature data and the results of his own studies,
      the author analyzes the interrelationship and implication of intravascular blood
      coagulation and thrombosis in coronary heart disease as well as the role which
      hemocoagulation homeostasis disorders play in their development. The author
      considers possible variants of the involvement of intravascular blood coagulation
      and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction, the periinfarction
      zone formation and in the growth of damage. The significance of the syndrome of
      disseminated blood coagulation in myocardial infarction is discussed and the
      objectives of further research are outlined.

PMID- 6371355
TI  - [Clinical use of everted intestinal sutures].

PMID- 6371356
TI  - [Method of suturing a cecostomy].

PMID- 6371357
TI  - [Methods of preparing the large intestine for resection (review of the foreign
      literature)].

PMID- 6371358
TI  - [Cryosurgery of hemorrhoids].

PMID- 6371360
TI  - [Use of adsorbed staphylococcal anatoxin in the preoperative period in patients
      with ventral hernias].

PMID- 6371361
TI  - [Application of compression anastomoses in operations for cancer of the large
      intestine].

PMID- 6371359
TI  - [Use of cryopreserved skin in the treatment of burns].

PMID- 6371362
TI  - [Surgical procedure in hemorrhaging gastric and duodenal ulcers (a review of the
      literature for 1978-1982)].

PMID- 6371363
TI  - [Duodenal stasis (a review of the literature)].

PMID- 6371364
TI  - [The centenary of the birth of I. G. Ruganov].

PMID- 6371365
TI  - [Diagnosis and choice of surgical treatment method in duodenal injuries].

PMID- 6371366
TI  - [Appendectomy with a buried nonligated stump of the appendix in children].

PMID- 6371367
TI  - [Effects of locally administered corticosteroids on mineral metabolism].
AB  - The author performed a prospective study to test the mineralocorticoid activity
      of high doses of topically applied corticosteroids. Eight patients were treated
      with prednisolone eye drops. Twelve patients received fluorhydrocortisone, 9
      patients triamcinolone acetonide and 11 dexamethasone; subconjunctival or
      parabulbar injections were used in all cases. Only the patients treated with
      fluorhydrocortisone showed a mineralocorticoid effect, i.e., reduced sodium
      excretion and a high potassium waste in the urine together with a decrease in
      serum potassium. Fluorhydrocortisone must not be applied topically because the
      risk of hypokalemia involved is so great.

PMID- 6371368
TI  - [Retinal light damage--summary of experimental and clinical observations].
AB  - The article presents a comprehensive review of the literature on light damage to
      the retina with special reference to clinical aspects. A definition of the
      different modes of action of light on the retina and a brief summary of current
      theories on possible mechanisms of light-damage are presented. Experimental
      studies applying ophthalmological light sources to the primate eye are described
      as well as investigations on photochemical light-damage to the human eye.
      Possible implications of these observations for some types of retinal
      degeneration are discussed. Finally, the importance of considering possible light
      hazards in clinical routine is emphasized.

PMID- 6371369
TI  - [Introduction to the 12th Retinological Symposium].

PMID- 6371371
TI  - Studies on acute glucose-induced aldosterone suppression: role of renin
      angiotensin system.
AB  - Glucose loading is known to cause acute suppression of plasma aldosterone and
      stimulation of plasma renin activity. The relative contribution of variations in
      circulating angiotensin II to the regulation of aldosterone secretion following
      glucose loading was assessed in ten normal subjects. The effects of a standard
      oral glucose loading test (100 g) on plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin,
      potassium, aldosterone, renin activity and cortisol were studied (a) under basal
      conditions, and (b) after inhibition of angiotensin II with the converting enzyme
      inhibitor captopril (50 mg t.i.d. during 3 days). Under basal conditions the
      acute increase in plasma glucose and insulin after glucose loading was
      accompanied by a significant decrease (P less than 0.01) in plasma cortisol and
      aldosterone and by a significant increase in plasma renin activity (P less than
      0.01); plasma potassium was decreased slightly but not significantly. Following
      captopril treatment preloading plasma renin activity was increased significantly,
      most probably reflecting an effective reduction of angiotensin II. Glucose
      loading caused a similar suppression of plasma aldosterone, as observed under
      basal conditions. This observation suggests that renin activation does not
      substantially contribute to the acute regulation of plasma aldosterone after an
      oral glucose load.

PMID- 6371372
TI  - [Capillary permeability in cardiovascular diseases based on radioindication
      data].

PMID- 6371370
TI  - Predictive tests in cancer chemotherapy. A reappraisal.
AB  - The evolution of medical oncology so far owes much to the preclinical and
      clinical development of antineoplastic agents. Prognostic factors and empiric
      treatment strategies have guided the clinician in his choice of drugs. In the
      light of increasing ethical restrictions met with phase I-II clinical trials and
      major advances in propagating human tumor cells outside the donor patient, a
      reappraisal of predictive tests in cancer chemotherapy is warranted. Among 'short
      term assays' only the determination of steroid-hormone receptor content in tumor
      tissues has gained clinical acceptance, whereas other methods still suffer from
      theoretical or practical shortcomings. Both the human tumor stem cell assay and
      the xenograft model have revealed unique patterns of sensitivity for each
      individual tumor line. While interindividual heterogeneity among tumors sharing a
      common site of origin justifies efforts to develop predictive tests,
      microheterogeneity among tumor samples from the same donor patient limits the
      potential of this approach. Predictive tests should be performed in conjunction
      with clinical trials to ensure optimal extraction of information. As additional
      prognostic factors, they should in the near future accelerate drug development
      and reduce the hazard of unnecessary drug toxicity without therapeutic benefit.

PMID- 6371373
TI  - [Dynamics of the changes in metabolic and endocrine processes in helicopter crews
      on commercial flights].
AB  - Metabolic and hormonal variations of crewmembers of MI-6 and MI-8 helicopters
      were investigated. The investigation was performed on 61 pilots, including 18 in
      the hot and 43 in the cold climate. The following parameters were measured before
      and after flight: nonesterified fatty acids, lactic acid, insulin, and cortisol
      in blood, and catecholamines and cortisol in urine. In the hot climate the
      content of nonesterified fatty acids, lactic acid and insulin increased. The
      renal excretion of catecholamines and cortisol grew drastically. In the cold
      climate nonesterified fatty acids increased postflight. Insulin, catecholamines
      and cortisol tended to grow.

PMID- 6371374
TI  - [Dosimetric aspects in studying the biological action of nonionizing
      electromagnetic radiation].
AB  - In order to clarify mechanisms of biological reactions, it is very important to
      study the absorption and spatial distribution of the absorbed electromagnetic
      energy. The procedures and methods of calculating the electromagnetic energy
      absorption of biological specimens exposed to nonionizing electromagnetic
      irradiation in a wide frequency range (0-300 GHz) are described. Also presented
      are formulas and plots to be used in calculating the specific absorption of the
      dose rate by biological specimens, with the inclusion of resonance absorption,
      polarization of the incident electromagnetic wave, presence of reflecting
      surfaces and grounding. The extrapolation of the average energy absorption from
      one animal species to another and to man is discussed, assuming that spatial and
      energy distributions are equivalent. The notion of the irradiation quality
      coefficient is introduced. The magnitudes of the coefficients are given as
      related to the irradiation frequency and polarization type. A mathematical
      relation is offered to determine the safety of a complex spectrum of
      electromagnetic irradiation. The relation takes into consideration different
      dimensionality of the parameters of the electromagnetic field in the low- and
      high-frequency ranges.

PMID- 6371375
TI  - [Method of determining the intensity of microorganism shedding from the upper
      respiratory tract in the human].

PMID- 6371376
TI  - Clinicopathologic study of six cases of meningitis and meningoencephalitis in
      chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
AB  - Three fatal cases of purulent meningitis and one fatal case of thromboembolic
      necrotizing meningoencephalitis occurred in chimpanzees from the Primate Center
      TNO, The Netherlands. In addition, two apes had clinical signs of meningitis and
      were successfully treated. The severity of the residual hemiparesis and dysphagia
      in one of these two apes was such that it was killed for humane reasons. The
      histopathological diagnosis was chronic active meningoencephalitis. Streptococcus
      pneumoniae was isolated from five apes and Klebsiella pneumoniae from one. In the
      majority of cases, the primary site of infection was the upper respiratory tract.
      After reducing the population density, initiating a vaccination program using a
      commercially available human polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine, and changing the
      cleaning procedure of the animal facilities, no other cases of meningitis or
      meningoencephalitis have occurred in the chimpanzee colony in the ensuing 3.5
      years.

PMID- 6371377
TI  - Interstitial Tamm-Horsfall protein in rejecting renal allografts. Identification
      and morphologic pattern of injury.
AB  - In a study of renal allografts with acute rejection primarily or exclusively of
      the cellular type, extratubular Tamm-Horsfall protein was identified in 63.6% of
      the specimens, representing 76.1% of the patients whose tissues were examined.
      There was no evidence of extrarenal obstruction in any patient. This high
      incidence has not been previously reported. A pattern of development of this
      phenomenon was determined using combined light and electron microscopies and
      specific anti-Tamm-Horsfall antiserum. Interstitial lymphocytes and monocytes
      infiltrated into the walls of tubules causing disruptions of basement membranes,
      thereby creating free communications between lumina and interstitium. In distal
      tubules with casts, the matrices extended into the interstitium where they were
      admixed with leukocytes and few erythrocytes. In a small number of specimens,
      polyps of Tamm-Horsfall protein were identified in veins or interstitial
      capillaries. Extratubular Tamm-Horsfall protein was not associated with
      diminished graft survival. These findings delineate, in detail, one of several
      mechanisms of escape of Tamm-Horsfall protein from tubules into the interstitium;
      they may be applicable for the genesis of this abnormality in other forms of
      acute interstitial nephritis.

PMID- 6371378
TI  - Post-operative therapy of breast cancer: rationale for adjuvant chemotherapy.

PMID- 6371379
TI  - Quantitation of pentobarbital in serum by enzyme immunoassay.
AB  - Pentobarbital was quantitated in serum by a homogeneous enzyme immunoassay
      (EMIT), and the method evaluated for accuracy and precision. A comparison was
      performed against the authors' modified Goldbaum ultraviolet spectrophotometric
      procedure. The analytical sensitivity was 2 micrograms/mL with a linearity to 10
      micrograms/mL and a coefficient of variation of 6.24%. Linear regression analysis
      revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.977, a slope of 1.05, and an intercept of
      -0.07. The t test demonstrated no difference between the two methods at a level
      of P less than 0.01. The enzyme immunoassay also had the advantages of speed and
      small sample requirement.

PMID- 6371380
TI  - Combined enzyme immunoassay-LCEC method for the identification, confirmation, and
      quantitation of opiates in biological fluids.
AB  - An enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) was used to test for opiates
      (morphine, hydromorphone, and codeine) in extracts of blood, bile, and tissue
      homogenates. All immunoassay opiate positive specimens were then tested by a
      reversed-phase liquid chromatographic procedure using electrochemical detection
      (LCEC). Blood specimens were then quantitated by LCEC. The sensitivity of the
      immunoassay (as morphine) was 0.020 mg/L, 0.200 mg/L, and 0.100 mg/kg for blood,
      bile, and tissue homogenates, respectively, with 2% intrarun and 7% interrun
      precision. The LCEC method was linear from 0.005 to 0.300 mg/L for morphine,
      hydromorphone, and codeine (nalorphine internal standard) with detection limits
      of 0.005 mg/L for each analyte. Intrarun and interrun precision varied from 1 to
      2% and 6 to 11%, respectively. Recoveries, using a double extraction technique,
      ranged from 70 to 95%. These two methods, applied to 495 post mortem cases,
      demonstrated a 6% incidence of opiates, with no false positives.

PMID- 6371381
TI  - Interpersonal communication in speech-language pathology supervisory conferences:
      a qualitative study.
AB  - This study examined aspects of interpersonal communication in supervisory
      conferences in a university-based speech-language pathology practicum, through
      the use of qualitative methods. This article describes the methodology and
      presents findings particular to students, particular to supervisors, and relevant
      to the conference as a whole. The findings indicate that discussions about
      clients included a focus on the interpersonal relationship between students and
      clients, but that issues involving the feelings associated with the relationship
      were not a major focus of the conferences studied.

PMID- 6371382
TI  - Attitudes and practices regarding speech aid use following laryngectomy.

PMID- 6371383
TI  - The contribution of regional lymph nodes in the resistance against breast cancer:
      practical implications.
AB  - Experimental evidence suggests that regional lymph nodes (RLN) are important in
      the initiation and possibly the maintenance of tumor immunity. "Negative" nodes
      denote strong tumor immunity and "positive" nodes low. The latter also serve as
      markers of systemic disease. From histological and immunological studies, and
      mostly from recent clinical studies in breast cancer, the following practical
      recommendations are made: (1) Clinically positive axillary nodes are best
      eliminated by surgery. (2) Resection of positive internal mammary nodes appears
      to increase survival of patients with central and inner quadrant lesions;
      however, destruction of these nodes by irradiation, although improving local
      disease control, may decrease survival. (3) Negative RLN should be preserved, as
      they appear to prevent lymph node metastases and stimulate systemic immunity.
      Only a small fraction of unresected RLN harboring micrometastases will ultimately
      develop palpable disease, and their elimination at that late phase yields the
      same results as when these nodes are treated prophylactically.

PMID- 6371384
TI  - Better prognosis of many cancers in female: a phenomenon not explained by study
      of steroid receptors.
AB  - Experimental evidence indicates that specific sex hormonal imbalance, deficiency,
      and excess may be causes of tumors or at least contribute in some way to their
      development. Clinical observations show that the prognoses of patients with
      various malignancies differ among males and females, and some cancers can be
      alleviated and partially controlled by altering the accustomed hormonal
      environment. Although beneficial effects usually are only temporary, there is no
      doubt that some cancers are hormone-dependent to a degree. A significant number
      of prostatic carcinoma in males and breast carcinoma in both sexes have been
      treated with various additive or ablative endocrine manipulations. The detection
      and quantitation of specific steroid binding proteins in hormone-sensitive tumors
      have enhanced our understanding of the mechanism of endocrinal therapy. Excluding
      carcinoma of the breast and of the sex organs (ovary and uterus in females,
      testis and prostate in males), many other solid tumors have been tested for the
      presence of estrogen and other steroid receptors. A fair number of solid cancers
      contains estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PR), even those from male
      patients. Thus, the better prognosis of females with sarcoma, melanoma, liver,
      colorectal and other cancers cannot simply be explained by the presence or
      absence of estrogen or progesterone receptors. This review attempts to summarize
      clinical reports of this interesting phenomenon, including therapeutic results
      with estrogenic, antiestrogenic, and other hormonal approaches.

PMID- 6371385
TI  - High-dose versus low-dose CMFP regimen in advanced breast cancer.
AB  - Fifty cases of advanced breast cancer (stages III and IV) were treated by
      combination chemotherapy. The study compares the two different dose schedules and
      toxicities of a combination of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-flurouracil, and
      prednisone. Results are better with high-dose regimen, though the incidence of
      toxicity is much as compared to low-dose schedules, but, considering the
      beneficial response, the high-dose schedule is recommended.

PMID- 6371386
TI  - Prostacyclin bioassays using inhibition of platelet aggregation and relaxation of
      rabbit coeliac artery.
AB  - Bioassays of prostacyclin by inhibition of velocity and maximum of both
      irreversible and biphasic platelet aggregation, and by relaxation of the
      potassium-contracted isolated superfused rabbit coeliac artery have been
      undertaken. The use of each parameter is possible within a range of PGI2
      concentrations, which have been determined for each of the five parameters
      studied. The optimal concentrations of PGI2 for a bioassay have also been
      determined, corresponding to each range.

PMID- 6371387
TI  - The ethanol withdrawal syndrome: a consequence of lack of substrate for a
      cerebral Krebs-cycle.
AB  - The hypothesis is advanced that the ethanol withdrawal syndrome is a
      manifestation of dependence by a cerebral Krebs-cycle on substrates which are
      readily available during ethanol addiction but which are relatively unavailable
      during withdrawal.

PMID- 6371388
TI  - Tabernaemontana L. (Apocynaceae): a review of its taxonomy, phytochemistry,
      ethnobotany and pharmacology.
AB  - The taxonomy, phytochemistry, ethnobotany, and pharmacology of the genus
      Tabernaemontana L. (Apocynaceae) is reviewed. The genus is currently being
      revised taxonomically; most of the segregate genera are being reunited with it
      and the number of species that will ultimately be recognized will probably be
      about 100. All the names encountered in the chemical and ethnobotanical
      literature have been evaluated as far as possible, and a list is presented of the
      recognized species and their synonyms. The biogenesis and classification of the
      indole alkaloids found in Tabernaemontana species is set out and some problems in
      the determination of their stereochemistry are discussed. To facilitate access to
      the information, three lists have been compiled: the alkaloids in alphabetical
      order; the alkaloids in order of increasing molecular weight; and the alkaloids
      grouped according to their biogenetic classification, together with the species
      and plant part(s) in which they are known to occur. Biogenetic and chemotaxonomic
      aspects are briefly considered. A table of the non-alkaloidal constituents is
      also included. The ethnobotany of individual Tabernaemontana species is outlined
      and an overall assessment made. Likewise, information on the pharmacology of
      crude extracts and individual alkaloids from Tabernaemontana species has been
      assembled and appraised.

PMID- 6371389
TI  - Reimplantation response in isografted rat lungs. Analysis of causal factors.
AB  - The function of transplanted lungs may be critically impaired in the early
      postoperative period by the reimplantation response. Several factors of the
      transplantation procedure, such as disruption of hilar structures (hilar
      stripping), stenotic anastomoses, and graft ischemia, are considered to cause
      this reimplantation response. In this study the individual contributions of these
      factors have been analyzed in rats, after isogeneic transplantation or hilar
      stripping of left lungs. Marck's technique for orthotopic transplantation of the
      left lung in rats was refined so that an 85% postoperative survival rate was
      achieved. Transplanted and hilar-stripped lungs were investigated by lung
      perfusion scintigraphy and chest roentgenography at regular intervals up to 168
      days after operation. Macroscopic and histologic morphology was examined at
      corresponding intervals. Our results show that perfusion and ventilation of lung
      grafts are independently affected by distinct factors of the transplantation
      procedure. Hilar stripping did decrease graft perfusion transiently. Permanent
      decrease of perfusion was found to be caused by stenosis of the anastomosed
      pulmonary artery. Hilar stripping also impaired ventilation, by causing
      interstitial and alveolar edema. After transplantation, edema and consequent
      impairment of ventilation were aggravated by graft ischemia, proportionally to
      its duration. Our improved technique for transplantation of left lungs in rats
      provides a new opportunity for investigating the immunologic problems of lung
      transplantation.

PMID- 6371390
TI  - Li Shizhen, the distinguished naturalist. In commemoration of the 390th
      anniversary of his death.

PMID- 6371392
TI  - [Quantitative and qualitative analysis of insulin-secretion disorders in the
      diabetic syndrome].

PMID- 6371391
TI  - Perinatal lung mechanics and the first breath.

PMID- 6371393
TI  - Modifying neurogenic components of hypertension: relaxation and biofeedback
      therapy.

PMID- 6371394
TI  - Directory of high blood pressure resources available to physicians.

PMID- 6371395
TI  - Glucocorticoid receptors: from development to aging. A review.
AB  - Glucocorticoid responses are known to be altered during development and aging in
      many tissues. Therefore, in the past several years considerable attention has
      been given to determining if glucocorticoid receptors are altered with age. In
      this review, studies concerning glucocorticoid receptor ontogenic and age
      dependent changes in number, affinity and physicochemical properties are
      summarized. In addition, possible mechanisms of age-related changes in the
      receptor are discussed along with future goals and approaches which may be of
      great importance in this area of research.

PMID- 6371396
TI  - Sexually dimorphic, age-related changes in pituitary gonadotrop distribution.
AB  - Sexually dimorphic, age-related changes occur in the distribution of pituitary
      gonadotrops in platyfish. In females, shortly after reaching sexual maturity,
      cells containing immunoreactive gonadotropin begin to appear among the prolactin
      cells of the rostral pars distalis and they become more numerous with advancing
      age. In males, if these cells do appear it is almost a year later and they are
      much fewer in number than in females. Evidence is presented which suggests that
      the gonadotropin containing cells in the rostral pars distalis are true
      gonadotrops rather than gonadotropin-secreting prolactin cells.

PMID- 6371397
TI  - The relationship of inpatient racial composition and hospital closure in New York
      City.
AB  - This study examined the correlates of hospital closure for short-stay, nonfederal
      hospitals in New York City. Twenty-four of the 94 hospitals analyzed closed
      between December 1975 and May 1981. The mean proportion of nonwhite inpatients
      was higher for those hospitals that closed (0.45) than for those that remained
      open (0.26) (P less than 0.01). Approximately 48.8% of the 3,308 inpatients in
      all closed hospitals combined were nonwhite, while 33.3% of the 29,130 inpatients
      in all open hospitals combined were nonwhite (P less than 0.0001). Multiple
      regression analysis showed the proportion of inpatients who were nonwhite to be a
      strong predictor of hospital closure. The racial composition of the surrounding
      neighborhood was also a positive correlate of closure. Negative predictors
      included mean occupancy rate, the presence of social work services, and a
      variable representing the interaction of the racial composition of inpatient and
      neighborhood populations. In separate analyses, the proportion of inpatients with
      Medicaid coverage also emerged as a strong, independent correlate of closure.
      Hospital closures reflect the interplay of complex demographic and economic
      forces. In the context of proposed changes in health care financing, these
      findings suggest that equity considerations are important in the preservation of
      medical services.

PMID- 6371398
TI  - [Disseminated aspergillosis in chronic respiratory insufficiency. Diagnosis and
      treatment].

PMID- 6371399
TI  - [Malaria in Spain: a present-day disease].

PMID- 6371400
TI  - [Malaria: the end of a myth].

PMID- 6371401
TI  - [Guidelines and criteria concerning the admission of heroin addicts to the
      general hospital].

PMID- 6371403
TI  - [Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis].

PMID- 6371402
TI  - [Anti-DNA antibodies: comparison between the Crithidia luciliae technic and
      radioimmunoassay (Farr's technic)].

PMID- 6371404
TI  - [Anticoagulant therapy].

PMID- 6371405
TI  - [Risk factors in cerebrovascular pathology].

PMID- 6371406
TI  - [Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis of the cirrhotic patient, secondary to
      Salmonella typhimurium and Klebsiella pneumoniae].

PMID- 6371407
TI  - A review of the clinical pharmacokinetics of amiodarone.

PMID- 6371408
TI  - [The first 2 fatal cases of AIDS in Sweden--diagnostic and therapeutic
      experiences].

PMID- 6371409
TI  - [Long-term results of aortocoronary bypass in chronic and unstable angina].

PMID- 6371410
TI  - [Modern treatment strategies in head and neck tumors in childhood and adolescence
      -a review].
AB  - Although malignant tumours are essentially less frequent in childhood than in
      adults, they also rank second among the causes of death in the first 16 years of
      life. In contrast to the squamous cell carcinomas of the adult, malignancies of
      the young are of embryogenic or haematogenic origin, or are sarcomas, and in 80%
      of the cases regional or distant metastases are probable. On the other hand they
      are usually highly sensitive to cytotoxic drugs and radiation treatment. Basing
      on our own patient material of the last 10 years (a total of 502 tumours,
      including 50 head and neck malignancies), the formation of metastases, some
      diagnostic criterias and especially current therapeutic schedules are discussed
      and illustrated. The present combined modalities of treatment including surgery,
      radiation and chemotherapy as well as "prophylaxis of the central nervous
      system", have contributed to a fundamental increase in survival. For the most
      important malignancies in childhood, 3-year survival rates of more than 60% may
      be expected. These healing rates have become possible only by a interdisciplinary
      treatment in which the otorhinologist , the radiotherapist and the paediatric
      oncologist participate. In head and neck tumours of the young the otorhinologist
      must establish the diagnosis clinically and by biopsy and, if possible,
      surgically remove the tumour. Finally, he is also responsible for careful follow
      up.

PMID- 6371411
TI  - [Combined computer-assisted neuro-otologic diagnosis of inner ear function in
      children].
AB  - Among 10 284 data files of neuro-otological patients of our neuro-otological data
      bank NODEC III, 8,6% pertain to children between 0 and 15 years of age. 350
      (3,5%) of these are in the age group of 0-5 years, 261 (2,5%) in the group of 6
      10 years and 267 (2,6%) in the group of 11-15 years. Modern inner ear functional
      diagnostic methods combine computerised neuro-otological audiometric as well as
      equilibriometric tests. Ranking of diagnostic applicability and efficiency
      comprises the following 6 steps of neuro-otological equilibriometric and
      audiometric tests: Child-adapted psychophysical hearing tests, Perrotatory
      nystagmus tests via electronystagmography, Postrotatory nystagmus tests via
      electronystagmography, Acoustic brain-stem evoked potentials ( ABEP ) with 2
      channel averager, Caloric vestibular test via electronystagmography, Optokinetic
      nystagmus test via electronystagmography. It has been proved both clinically and
      statistically that the perrotatory as well as the postrotatory nystagmus
      recordings are accepted much better by the preschool children than the caloric
      test. The latter, however, provides us with superior topodiagnostic information.
      Acoustically evoked potentials usually require to be performed under sedation in
      preschool children. Automatic nystagmus evaluation via the computer system NYDIAC
      immediately yields all the important monocular nystagmus parameters and
      synoptical test charts, i.e. the butterfly calorigram . The computerbased neuro
      otological equilibriometric as well as audiometric investigations should be
      performed by an experienced and specifically trained otolaryngologist. This
      diagnostic method promotes intense co-operation with colleagues in paediatrics,
      ophthalmology, neurology and traumatology.

PMID- 6371412
TI  - Tonsillectomy--some like it hot.
AB  - Methods of tonsillectomy using electrocautery for dissection and hemostasis are
      gaining popularity. A prospective, controlled, randomized, single blind study was
      designed to compare this method to tonsillectomy performed by scissor dissection
      with suture hemostasis. In general, tonsillectomy by electrocoagulation was found
      to reduce operative time and blood loss, and to increase postoperative pain and
      prolong healing. Overall morbidity in the study was low, and no significant
      differences in complications, e.g., bleeding were noted.

PMID- 6371413
TI  - Membrane approximation by continuous mattress sutures following septoplasty.

PMID- 6371414
TI  - External rhinoplasty approach for lesions of the nasal vestibule.

PMID- 6371415
TI  - Analgesia induced by intrathecal injection of dynorphin B in the rat.
AB  - A dose-dependent analgesic effect of intrathecally injected dynorphin B was
      observed in rats using the tail flick as nociceptive test. Intrathecal injection
      of 20 nmol of dynorphin B increased the tail flick latency by 90 +/- 23%, an
      effect that lasted about 90 min. For the same degree of analgesia, dynorphin B
      was 50% more potent than morphine on a molar basis. The analgesic effect of this
      dose of dynorphin B was partially blocked by 10 mg/kg, but not by 1 mg/kg, of
      subcutaneous naloxone, showing a relative resistance to naloxone reversal as
      compared with morphine analgesia. The analgesia produced by dynorphin B was
      unchanged in morphine-tolerant rats but was significantly decreased in rats
      tolerant to ethylketazocine. These results suggest that dynorphin B produces its
      potent analgesic effect by activation of kappa rather than mu opioid receptors in
      the rat spinal cord.

PMID- 6371416
TI  - Lipid composition and protoplast-forming capacity of Streptomyces antibioticus.
AB  - The lipid and fatty acid composition of a strain of Streptomyces antibioticus has
      been studied as a function of culture age and glycine concentration in the growth
      medium. Under all conditions, the main polar lipids were
      phosphatidylethanolamine, cardiolipin and phosphomannoinositides in order of
      decreasing abundance; no ornithinolipids were detected. Acylglucoses and
      menaquinones were found among the nonpolar lipids. The main fatty acids present
      were anteiso 15:0 and anteiso 17:0. The lipid composition of the cells varied
      with the age of the culture, but no uniform pattern of variation was found in the
      cultures grown on different amounts of glycine. Among the cells harvested at the
      end of the exponential phase of growth, those grown on 2% glycine give the
      highest yield of protoplast formation. These cells were found to contain low
      amounts of nonpolar lipids and of phosphatidylethanolamine, and high proportions
      of anteiso fatty acids. We propose that the membrane bilayer of these cells,
      because of its peculiar lipid composition, is particularly stable and fluid. As a
      consequence, the yield and stability of derived protoplasts should be increased.

PMID- 6371417
TI  - Victimology and medicine.

PMID- 6371418
TI  - Human rights and sexual rights. The legacy of Rene Guyon.

PMID- 6371419
TI  - Circumcision: ritual surgery or surgical ritual?

PMID- 6371420
TI  - Medical law in the light of fundamental human rights.

PMID- 6371421
TI  - Wrongful conception, birth and life. A question of viability.

PMID- 6371422
TI  - When minors seek medical treatment on their own behalf.

PMID- 6371423
TI  - Health care of children over objections of the parents: clash of rights.

PMID- 6371424
TI  - Treatment of the violent offender.

PMID- 6371425
TI  - Biomedical and criminal-justice concepts of paraphilia: developing convergence.

PMID- 6371426
TI  - Sterilization of the mentally retarded. The rules change but the results remain
      the same.

PMID- 6371427
TI  - The human/companion animal bond and the anthropomorphizing and naming of pets.

PMID- 6371428
TI  - Iron overload.

PMID- 6371429
TI  - Biochemistry of tryptophan in health and disease.

PMID- 6371430
TI  - Lipoprotein lipase: its physiological and clinical significance.

PMID- 6371431
TI  - Immunoenzymatic assay of carcinoplacental alkaline phosphatase.

PMID- 6371432
TI  - Leukemia-associated antigens: recent advances in detection, characterization and
      diagnostic usefulness.

PMID- 6371433
TI  - Culture of Legionella.

PMID- 6371434
TI  - [Radionuclide ventriculography in the diagnosis of hydrocephalus in children].
AB  - Using the findings of ventriculo- and cisternography with 99mDTPA performed in 30
      patients, it has been shown that the signs of open hydrocephalus should be
      considered the following: the visualization of the lateral ventricles, the third
      and fourth ventricles, the great cistern and the subdural space of the cervical
      part of the spinal cord (in preset time intervals); RPH complete absence (even
      after 24 h) in the subdural space of the brain (convencital, medial and
      parasagittal parts). Significant radiological signs of occlusive hydrocephalus
      are obtained from the visualization of one or two lateral ventricles; the
      visualization of the third ventricle and the great cistern. CSF disturbances
      revealed in radionuclide ventriculography can be used for the assessment of CSF
      resorption as well as the stage of process (decompensated stage).

PMID- 6371435
TI  - [Radionuclide cisternography in the late period of penetrating cranio-cerebral
      wounds].
AB  - An analysis of the radiological signs is presented proceeding from the results of
      examination of the visualization of the CSF tract in 123 patients in whom
      radionuclide cisternography with 99mTc-DTPA was performed 1,3,6 and 24 h after
      administration of a radiopharmaceutical. The radiological appearance of pathology
      of the CSF system in a long-term period after penetrating craniocerebral wound
      was developed.

PMID- 6371436
TI  - [Thyroid and hypophyseal function during radiation therapy of breast cancer].
AB  - In breast cancer a decrease in triiodothyronine concentration was revealed with
      the normal level of thyroxine that may be associated with the disturbed
      peripheral metabolism into triiodothyronine. The lowering of thyroid functional
      activity is noted during radiation therapy of patients at menopause.
      Administration of thyroidin during radiation therapy to elderly patients with the
      III stage of the disease compensated for hormone deficiency producing a sparing
      effect on the thyroid, and influenced the therapeutic results favorably. A high
      level of the somatotropic hormone was observed in patients of the reproductive
      age and at menopause, the level of insulin was increased in all the patients.

PMID- 6371437
TI  - [Nosebleeds].

PMID- 6371438
TI  - [Antibodies to soluble nuclear antigens and native DNA in patients with
      connective tissue diseases with antinuclear antibodies].

PMID- 6371439
TI  - [Immunosuppression mechanisms in leprosy].

PMID- 6371440
TI  - Pasteurella multocida infections. Report of 34 cases and review of the
      literature.
AB  - Pasteurella multocida, a small, gram-negative coccobacillus , is part of the
      normal oral flora of many animals, including the dog and cat. P. multocida is the
      etiologic agent in a variety of infectious disease syndromes. We have reported 34
      cases of infection caused by P. multocida and have reviewed the English
      literature. P. multocida infections may be divided into three broad groups: 1.
      Infections resulting from animal bites and scratches : The most common infections
      caused by P. multocida are local wound infections following animal bites or
      scratches . Cats are the source of infection in 60 to 80% of cases and dogs in
      the great majority of the remainder. Local infections are characterized by the
      rapid appearance of erythema, warmth, tenderness, and frequently purulent
      drainage. The most common local complications are abscess formation and
      tenosynovitis. Serious local complications include septic arthritis proximal to
      bites or scratches , osteomyelitis resulting from direct inoculation or extension
      of cellulitis, and the combination of septic arthritis and osteomyelitis, most
      commonly involving a finger or hand after a cat bite. 2. Isolation of P.
      multocida from the respiratory tract: The isolation of P. multocida from the
      respiratory tract must be interpreted differently than its isolation from other
      systemic sites. Most commonly P. multocida found in the respiratory tract is a
      commensal organism in patients with underlying pulmonary disease, but serious
      respiratory tract infections including pneumonia, empyema, and lung abscesses may
      develop. Most patients with respiratory tract colonization or infection have a
      history of animal exposure. 3. Other systemic infections: P. multocida is
      recognized as a pathogen in a variety of systemic infections including
      bacteremia, meningitis, brain abscess, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and
      intra-abdominal abscess. P. multocida often acts as an opportunistic pathogen
      with a predilection for causing bacteremia in patients with liver dysfunction,
      septic arthritis in damaged joints, meningitis in the very young or elderly, and
      pulmonary colonization or invasion in patients with underlying respiratory tract
      abnormalities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6371442
TI  - Acute myelofibrosis. A report of four cases and review of the literature.
AB  - Four new cases of acute myelofibrosis are reported, and 63 cases reported in the
      literature are reviewed. The typical features of this disease include a rapidly
      progressive clinical course; nonspecific symptoms such as weight loss, anorexia,
      fatigue and weakness; the absence of organomegaly; pancytopenia; circulating
      blast cells; and mild abnormalities in the red blood cell morphology. The bone
      marrow aspirates are usually "dry." The bone marrow biopsies are essential for
      the diagnosis and show four consistent features: hypercellularity, reticulin
      fibrosis, proliferation of blast cells and bizarre, atypical megakaryocytes. In
      16 cases, the blast cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow, which are
      unclassifiable by conventional morphology, could be identified as megakaryoblasts
      by ultrastructural and immunocytochemical techniques. It is concluded that acute
      myelofibrosis is a definite clinicopathologic entity, which may be related to
      acute megakaryoblastic leukemia.

PMID- 6371441
TI  - Renal effects of prostaglandins and clinical adverse effects of nonsteroidal anti
      inflammatory agents.
AB  - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents ( NSAIA ) are increasingly used in
      clinical practice. They exert the majority of their therapeutic and adverse
      effects by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. A variety of clinically important
      side effects have been described following their administration. We review the
      renal complications, which include sodium retention, interference with the
      effectiveness of diuretics, impairment of water excretion, development of
      hyperkalemia, interference with the therapy of hypertension, and induction of at
      least four different forms of renal failure. The hemodynamic variety of renal
      failure and the side effects affecting fluid and electrolyte homeostasis are most
      likely to become manifest in the context of conditions leading to decreased renal
      perfusion. Guidelines for use of NSAIA , detection of patients at risk, and
      therapeutic approaches are provided.

PMID- 6371443
TI  - The effect of adrenergic blockade on glucose-induced thermogenesis.
AB  - The effect of alpha, beta, or combined sympathetic blockade on the increase in
      energy expenditure and concentrations of norepinephrine, glucose, and insulin
      following oral intake of 100 g of glucose was studied in lean subjects. Alpha
      blockade with intravenous (IV) phentolamine (n = 5) infusion increased oxygen
      consumption after glucose ingestion but no more than it increased the oxygen
      consumption when no glucose was given. Beta blockade with IV propranolol (n = 13)
      and combined alpha and beta blockade (n = 6) did not affect basal metabolic rate
      or the increase in metabolic rate after glucose ingestion. Phentolamine or
      combined propranolol plus phentolamine administration markedly increased plasma
      norepinephrine concentrations. Basal glucose and insulin concentrations were not
      affected by any of the infused drugs. Glucose-stimulated insulin concentrations
      were unchanged by propranolol and combined blockade, whereas there was a trend (P
      = 0.07) toward an increased response to glucose during phentolamine
      administration. These data do not support a role for the sympathetic nervous
      system in the increase in metabolic rate following glucose ingestion. The
      increase in metabolic rate during phentolamine administration can be attributed
      to beta adrenergic stimulation.

PMID- 6371444
TI  - Studies on the pathogenesis of the dawn phenomenon in insulin-dependent diabetic
      patients.
AB  - To assess the role of hormonal factors in the pathogenesis of the dawn
      phenomenon, nocturnal (9:00 PM to 9 AM) concentrations of blood glucose, free
      insulin, and counterregulatory hormones were determined in eight insulin
      dependent diabetic patients under feedback-controlled and continuous insulin
      infusions after previous blood glucose normalization. Under feedback control,
      mean insulin requirements, necessary for maintenance of euglycemia rose
      significantly in the early morning (11:00 PM to 3 AM: 8.4 +/- 1.4; 5 AM to 9 AM:
      12.6 +/- 1.5 mU/kg/h; P less than 0.01). Mean free-insulin concentrations did not
      increase simultaneously. Correspondingly, mean insulin-clearance rates under
      continuous insulin infusion were higher in the morning (11:00 AM to 3 AM: 359 +/-
      58; 5 AM to 9 AM: 459 +/- 72 mL/min/m2; P less than 0.05). Increases of insulin
      clearance rates were most marked (greater than 15%) in patients whose blood
      glucose rose during continuous insulin administration. Glucagon and
      norepinephrine concentrations were stable throughout both parts of the study.
      Cortisol and growth hormone exhibited the known nocturnal rhythms. Epinephrine
      levels were at the lower limit of detection at night and rose to normal basal
      concentrations at 9:00 AM. We conclude that increases of insulin clearance rates
      may be an important factor for the development of the dawn phenomenon while the
      role of most counter-regulatory hormones is still uncertain.

PMID- 6371445
TI  - High-performance liquid affinity chromatography.

PMID- 6371446
TI  - Affinity chromatography.

PMID- 6371447
TI  - Affinity precipitation of dehydrogenases.

PMID- 6371448
TI  - Immunosorbent separations.

PMID- 6371449
TI  - Immobilization of ligands with organic sulfonyl chlorides.

PMID- 6371450
TI  - Phenotypic suppression of opal mutants by L-tryptophan.
AB  - L-tryptophan (codon UGG) at high concentrations, usually 20 mM, phenotypically
      suppressed all four phage T4 opal (codon UGA) mutants tested. The suppression was
      incomplete. With three of the opal mutants, H301, H317, and H340, the suppression
      resulted in marked increases in plaque size and clarity in the restrictive host
      Escherichia coli strain B. With the very tight opal mutant H429, the suppression
      was discerned only by a 1,200-fold increase in phage yield from restrictive host
      cells in the chemically defined medium. Comparisons of L-tryptophan with seven
      other amino acids showed that only L-tryptophan provided a high magnitude of
      phenotypic suppression. The possibility that phenotypic suppression by L
      tryptophan can be used in a screen for opal mutants of viruses of species without
      known opal suppressor mutations is discussed.

PMID- 6371451
TI  - Cloning of malic acid assimilating activity from Leuconostoc oenos in E. coli.
AB  - High molecular weight DNA was extracted from a malo-lactic fermenting strain of
      Leuconostoc oenos by a specifically designed lysis procedure, restricted, and
      ligated into Escherichia coli cloning vector pTR 262, which allows for positive
      selection for inserts. Malic acid assimilating activity was directly selected for
      using a host blocked in malic acid utilization. Transformants grew on malate
      minimal medium but were genetically unstable and contained plasmid DNA that was
      altered through recA independent events. Analogous results were obtained from a
      test system using prototrophic transformants of a proline auxotrophic host.

PMID- 6371452
TI  - Stabilization and polysaccharide storage in group A Streptococcus pyogenes.
AB  - Water-shock treatment of group A Streptococcus pyogenes released a mixture of
      nucleotide-like substances and small amounts of protein. The amount of protein
      was much less than found with osmotic shock of Gram-negative bacteria. In group A
      S. pyogenes the osmolytes released exhibited as much as a 6-fold change in
      respect to different growth phases. Osmolyte release was dependent on the
      stabilization agent used and independent of cellular metabolic activity. The
      released osmolytes were found to be required for optimal intracellular iodophilic
      polysaccharide (IPS) storage. Stabilization of washing solutions, and IPS storage
      medium with metabolically inert non-ionic organic compounds prevented osmolyte
      loss and enhanced IPS storage. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone and polyethyleneglycol (MW
      greater than 1000) exhibited the same protective effects as found with calf
      serum. Smaller non-ionic organic compounds provided similar protective action but
      the bacteria were more susceptible to osmotic stress.

PMID- 6371453
TI  - Compassion and patience virtues of Doctor Reizen.

PMID- 6371454
TI  - The history of induction.

PMID- 6371455
TI  - Proposed treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy with desferrioxamine.
AB  - The primary disturbance in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) appears to affect
      membrane function, and changes characteristic of oxidant-induced damage occur in
      skeletal muscle and erythrocytes. There is recent evidence that DMD is a
      functional tocopherol deficiency, with reduced levels of the lipoprotein required
      to carry tocopherol to tissues. This may explain the parallels between DMD and
      dietary tocopherol deficiency. Thus DMD should follow the usual experience of
      other examples of oxidative pathology, where the balance between tocopherol, the
      main antioxidant in membrane lipids, and non protein-bound iron, an important
      catalyst of reactions which produce oxidizing free radicals, largely determines
      whether or not tissue damage occurs. Desferrioxamine prevents oxidant damage in
      vitro and in vivo by removing this iron, and may therefore be able to reverse the
      muscle damage of DMD. Recent experience with this drug in long term dialysis
      patients is consistent with this suggestion.

PMID- 6371456
TI  - Lipid peroxidation in alcoholic myopathy and cardiomyopathy.
AB  - The hypothesis is presented that lipid peroxidation is responsible for the damage
      in skeletal and cardiac muscle of chronic alcoholic subjects. The enhanced lipid
      peroxidation is caused by the accumulation of oxygen radicals. Both excessive
      production and decreased disposal of oxygen radicals can arise from the
      acetaldehyde formed in the oxidation of ethanol. Although acetaldehyde from
      hepatic sources may contribute, muscle itself can generate significant amounts of
      acetaldehyde through the action of muscle catalase. The effects of alcohol on
      other tissues, and its known long-term effects on membranes lend support to this
      hypothesis. The ultrastructural features of the alcoholic myopathies provide
      further support. The resemblance between vitamin E-deficiency myopathy and the
      alcoholic myopathies is strong additional evidence in favor of this hypothesis.

PMID- 6371457
TI  - Glycolytic overload and the genesis of breast cancer.
AB  - It is suggested that the development of breast cancer is due to overloading of
      the glycolytic pathways. An excess of substrates or an excessive delivery rate of
      substrates to the Krebs Cycle is believed to result in the formation of acetyl
      CoA. Feedback mechanisms controlling the conversion of acetyl CoA to cholesterol
      may be overcome; the resulting high concentration of cholesterol induces the
      formation of pregnenolone which may then be converted into androgens, estrogens
      and progesterone. These steroids are in addition to those produced by gonads and
      adrenal glands. Glycolytic overload is also associated with an increase in fat
      stores which have been shown to be the site of interconversion of sex hormones.
      Excess sex hormones or abnormal sex hormones are believed to be the cause of
      breast cancer. The hypothesis presented links glycolytic overload with clinical
      biochemical phenomena and explains some of the anomalies observed in breast
      cancer experience in different ethnic groups. Changes in dietary habits during
      the history of man resulting in " gorging " and the consumption of highly refined
      sugars are possible causes of glycolytic overload. So, also, is impaired
      thermogenesis due to Brown Fat deficits in certain ethnic groups.

PMID- 6371458
TI  - A hypothesis on the pathogenesis of rheumatoid and other non-specific
      synovitides. IV A. The possible intermediate role of local hypoxia and metabolic
      alterations.
AB  - According to the original hypothesis, synovial tissue (ST) oedema and synovial
      fluid (SF) volume increase contribute to local hypoxia and metabolic alterations
      and to inflammation (A 1). Studies on biochemical mechanisms (A 2) in synovitides
      show that the SF volume correlates to SF hypoxia that correlates to lactate
      increase, acidosis and to some decrease in glucose. Normal ST produces lactate by
      glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathway activity, both, as well as the normally
      low oxygen utilization, being increased in synovitides . In ST very little
      carbohydrate seems to pass directly into the citric acid cycle and oxidation of
      fat may be involved, but it is not known if the fat is carried to ST by the blood
      or if it is synthetized locally (B). ST oedema and effusions may be most
      important as causes of local hypoxia (C). Acidosis alters physico-chemical
      properties of proteins, possibly changing their chemotactic and antigenic
      qualities, etc. Hypoxia and fuel supply might be related to fibroblast,
      macrophage and neutrophil reactions, and, in view of the high metabolic demands
      of villi, they may contribute to, e.g., ST necroses, and to erosions (D). I shall
      summarize some essentials of my present views on the pathogenesis (E 1 a) and
      causes in single cases (E 3 b) of synovitis, and comment on two other new
      hypotheses on rheumatoid arthritis (E 2) and on therapeutic (E 4) and other
      implications of this concept (E).

PMID- 6371459
TI  - Review of tumor markers for ovarian cancer.
AB  - Forty-two substances having been described as potential tumor markers for ovarian
      cancer are reviewed regarding sensitivity, specificity, and correlation with
      clinical course of disease. At present, there is no reliable marker for the
      primary diagnosis of the vast majority of ovarian cancers. Tumor markers may
      however serve as adjunctive tools in monitoring ovarian cancer patients after
      treatment.

PMID- 6371460
TI  - Modifast and weight reduction.

PMID- 6371461
TI  - [Ramazzini on occupational medicine--50 years later].

PMID- 6371462
TI  - [Works of Bernardino Ramazzini in the field of occupational medicine].

PMID- 6371463
TI  - [The social motives of Ramazzini, the pre-illuminist].

PMID- 6371464
TI  - Behaviour of cadmium biological indicators in subjects living in the Milan area.

PMID- 6371465
TI  - Laser trabeculoplasty for open-angle glaucoma.

PMID- 6371466
TI  - Storage of Escherichia coli thermolabile enterotoxin on filter papers for assay
      by immune haemolysis reactions.
AB  - Thermolabile (LT) enterotoxin was prepared from stationary and shaken cultures of
      enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) grown in casamino acids-yeast extract
      medium and dried onto filter discs. These were then examined by a modification of
      the single radial immune haemolysis (SRIH) test. It was observed that LT
      antigenicity, as detected by this test, remained unaltered for as long as 30 days
      at room temperature.

PMID- 6371467
TI  - Serum from lichen planus patients reacts with fetal skin tissues.
AB  - Lichen planus specific antigen (LPSA) is a lesion-specific marker that
      differentiates lichen planus from other dermatoses. Serum from lichen planus
      patients reacted in the indirect immunofluorescent test with fetal epidermis. The
      reaction was not observed between serum from people with no clinical history of
      lichen planus and fetal skin tissues. Adsorption of lichen planus serum with a
      fetal skin extract removed the antibody to LPSA. Adsorption with equivalent
      amounts of adult normal skin did not remove the serologic activity of LP serum to
      fetal skin. ELISA test serum from lichen planus patients bound to fetal skin
      antigen extract to a greater extent than did serum from normal individuals or
      from patients with non-lichen planus dermatoses, although the quantity of
      antibody bound in these three groups was not significantly different.

PMID- 6371468
TI  - Aminopeptidase and caseinolytic activities of Mycoplasma salivarium.
AB  - Aminopeptidase activity was demonstrated in Mycoplasma salivarium (ATCC 23064)
      cells disrupted by sonic vibrations and lyophilized (crude enzymes), and weak
      endopeptidase or carboxypeptidase activity was also suggested. The crude enzymes
      were suspended in 0.1 M borate buffer, pH 8.0, containing 0.5% (w/v) sodium
      deoxycholate, and then the suspensions were centrifuged at 100,000 g for 2 h.
      Thus separated, the supernatants were applied to a column of Sephacryl S-300. As
      a result, aminopeptidase activity was separated from caseinolytic activity, which
      had already been demonstrated in this organism. The aminopeptidase activity was
      inhibited by o-phenanthroline and stimulated by Mn2+, and the enzyme exhibited a
      strong affinity for leucine and arginine. On the other hand, the caseinolytic
      activity was inhibited considerably by o-phenanthroline and Ni2+ and slightly by
      diisopropyl fluorophosphate and Co2+. The caseinolytic activity was therefore
      believed to be due mainly to metalloproteinases and partly to serine proteinases.

PMID- 6371469
TI  - [Sensitivity of the erythrocytes of mice infected with Plasmodium berghei to
      saponin and a hypotonic solution].

PMID- 6371471
TI  - [Rheumatic connective tissue inflammation; collagen diseases 40 years after
      Klemperer].

PMID- 6371472
TI  - [Hypertensive patients with monolateral nephropathy of urologic importance.
      Prognostic evaluation].

PMID- 6371473
TI  - Human cardiac transplantation at the University of Minnesota.

PMID- 6371474
TI  - [Odontogenic neoformations: cysts and tumors].

PMID- 6371475
TI  - [Jaffe-Lichtenstein dysplasia. A review of the literature. A report of clinical
      cases].

PMID- 6371476
TI  - [Mandibular prosthetic rehabilitation in the outcome of a Strampelli intervention
      for osteo-odonto-keratoprosthesis].

PMID- 6371477
TI  - Chemonucleolysis. The treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc disease by the
      intradiscal injection of chymopapain.

PMID- 6371470
TI  - Mutagenesis and inducible responses to deoxyribonucleic acid damage in
      Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6371478
TI  - [Giant left atrium in mitral valve disease: a new plication procedure to relieve
      the compressions of left ventricular wall left bronchus and right lung].
AB  - The giant left atrium associated with mitral valve disease frequently produces
      postoperative hazardness in relation to hemodynamic and respiratory management.
      We have defined the most serious disorders induced by the presence of giant left
      atrium in three categories as follows. First, hemodynamic disturbance by the
      compression of left ventricular wall by downward extension of left atrium (type
      I), secondly, respiratory disturbance yielded by the compression of left main
      bronchus by upward extension of left atrium (type II), thirdly, compression of
      right middle lobe by rightward extension of left atrium (type III). A new
      procedure of para-annular, superior and right-side plication methods were derived
      as the procedure to relieve those compressions induced by giant left atrium. Up
      to the present, 47 patients with giant left atrium underwent surgery, twelve of
      valvular procedure only and thirty-five of valvular as well as plication
      procedure. The incidence of postoperative low output syndrome and respiratory
      failure were evaluated. The plication procedure showed marked decrease in the
      incidence of low output syndrome and respiratory failure postoperatively,
      eventual significant decrease in mortality rate. We conclude that plication
      procedure is very effective for the treatment of compression in the presence of
      giant left. atrium.

PMID- 6371479
TI  - [Orthotopic liver transplantation in the rat using cuff techniques for
      anastomoses of three hepatic vessels].
AB  - This report describes in detail a method for orthotopic liver transplantation in
      the rat. Cuff techniques were applied to all three anastomoses at the supra- and
      infrahepatic inferior vena cava and the portal vein. In the last 40 grafts, the
      survival rate after one week was 85% and the cumulative survival rate after nine
      months was 54.4%. This method simplified the technique and shortened the time of
      grafting, eliminating microvascular suture techniques. This model could be of use
      for the study of rejection phenomenon and enhancement after allografting as well
      as evaluation of viability of isograft after preservation.

PMID- 6371480
TI  - [Gastric secretion after major resection of the pancreas, with special reference
      to gut hormones and gastric acid secretion in Sandmeyer's diabetes].
AB  - The influences of major pancreas resection upon gastric acid secretion and gut
      hormones were studied in dogs with Heidenhain pouches. Immediately after
      resection of 90% or more of the entire pancreas, diabetes occurred with an abrupt
      decrease in insulin and glucagon secretion, and a marked increase in gastric acid
      output, though gastrin secretion decreased and secretin secretion increased, as
      after total pancreatectomy. Six weeks or more after resection of 70 to 90% of the
      entire pancreas, so-called Sandmeyer's diabetes occurred as a consequence of a
      decrease in insulin secretion and an increase in glucagon secretion from the
      remnant pancreas. Gastric acid output decreased markedly, and gastrin secretion
      also decreased. After resection of less than 70% of the entire pancreas, diabetes
      did not occur during 66 weeks of the longest observation period after surgery.
      Gastric acid output, secretion of gastrin and secretin did not change after
      surgery. These results suggest that gastric hypersecretion occurs after total
      pancreatectomy and resection of 90% or more of the entire pancreas, and it is
      related to pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and that gastric hyposecretion
      occurs after resection of 70 to 90% of the entire pancreas, and it may be related
      to hypersecretion of glucagon and somatostatin.

PMID- 6371481
TI  - [Renal function after anesthesia and abnormal surgery. A comparative study
      between halothane and epidural anesthesia].
AB  - Beta 2-microglobulin (BMG) and osmolarity (OSM) in the plasma and in the urine
      were measured in 23 adult female patients before and after abdominal surgery.
      Creatinine clearance (Ccr) and free water clearance (C-H2O) were determined
      simultaneously. These patients were divided into two groups, the first group
      receiving halothane anesthesia (n = 14) and the second group undergoing epidural
      anesthesia (n = 9). Results were summarised as follows. Ccr temporarily increased
      in both groups on the day of operation (0-POD) and on the 1st postoperative day
      (1-POD), suggesting a physiological compensation to the increased metabolic and
      circulatory needs in the post-operative state. Urinary BMG (U-BMG) concentration
      remarkably increased in both groups after the operation but the plasma BMG levels
      were unchanged. U-BMG returned to the pre-operative levels on the 4-POD in the
      1st group and on the 2-POD in the 2nd group. Tubular dysfunction after anesthesia
      and surgery is believed to be responsible for this marked rise in U-BMG. The
      earlier recovery of U-BMG to the preoperative levels in the 2nd group indicates
      that the tubular dysfunction in epidural anesthesia is probably less in halothane
      anesthesia. The results of C-H2O and urine OSM studies also indicate the
      postoperative tubular dysfunction but these parameters may not be so sensitive as
      U-BMG.

PMID- 6371482
TI  - [Myocardial protection with cold blood potassium cardioplegia: experimental and
      clinical studies].
AB  - One hundred and eighty-one patients (101 men and 80 women) underwent 61
      congenital and 120 acquired heart operations using cold blood potassium
      cardioplegia as the method of myocardial protection at Kagoshima University from
      August, 1978 to August, 1981. Hospital deaths occurred in 18 patients (9.8%), and
      4 cases were late death (2.2%). Multivariate analysis revealed no significant
      relationship between type of heart disease and operative mortality or the
      occurrence of post-operative low output syndrome. To evaluate the superiority of
      cold blood cardioplegia for myocardial protection, we carried out 20 orthotopic
      heart transplants in dog; 16 transplanted grafts could maintain the circulation
      of recipient without cardiopulmonary bypass. Cardiac contractility following 90
      minute ischemic time showed 97 to 100% of the control values without any
      inotropic drugs. These clinical and experimental findings suggest that cold blood
      potassium cardioplegia provides excellent myocardial protection during the
      ischemia of the heart.

PMID- 6371483
TI  - [Experimental studies on the effects of administration of catecholamines on fat
      metabolism].
AB  - Metabolism of fat was studied in Sprague-Dowley rats receiving catecholamines as
      an experimental model of "stressed condition". These rats were fed with
      intravenous hyperalimentation with glucose only (G-group) or glucose and fat (F
      group). Changes in body weight, cumulative nitrogen balance, blood sugar, serum
      IRI, free fatty acid, and triglyceride content of the liver were determined
      before and after five days intravenous hyperalimentation. Animals receiving
      intravenous hyperalimentation but no catecholamines were also subjected to the
      studies as control group. The following results were obtained from the present
      studies: In control group, G-group gained much more body weight and spared much
      more nitrogen than F-group. In catecholamine receiving groups, there was no
      significant difference of changes in body weight and cumulative nitrogen balance
      between G-group and F-group. In catecholamine receiving group, triglyceride
      content of the liver tissue was higher in G-group than in F-group, whereas
      triglyceride content of the liver tissue in control group was lower in G-group
      than in F-group. There was a positive correlation between the accumulation of
      triglyceride in the liver tissue and blood sugar level, or serum IRI level. A
      negative correlation was found between the accumulation of triglyceride in the
      liver tissue and plasma free fatty acid level. These results suggest that
      "stressed condition" induced by the administration of catecholamines enhanced the
      utilization of fat as an energy source without producing fatty liver.

PMID- 6371484
TI  - [Surgery of the portal vein in the resection of carcinoma of the biliary tract
      and pancreas].
AB  - Resection and reconstruction of the portal vein were performed in 5 cases of
      total pancreatectomy for pancreatic carcinoma, and in 7 cases of right hepatic
      trisegmentectomy for carcinoma of the gall bladder, or for intra- or extrahepatic
      bile ducts. Techniques of the surgery were described, especially on the necessity
      of "insert anastomosis" and on the indication of vessel implantation. No
      postoperative mortality and morbidity due to the reconstruction of portal vein
      was observed. Early thrombotic obstruction was observed only in one case which
      was the first case of this procedure. Late stenosis of the reconstructed vein due
      to the invasion of carcinoma was angiographically observed in 3 cases.
      Conclusively, this procedure can safely be performed in the resection of
      carcinoma of those organs. Improvements in resectability and late prognosis of
      the carcinoma may be expected. However, acquirement of the basic technique of
      vascular surgery is necessary, especially in the reconstruction of the portal
      vein at the hepatic pedicle.

PMID- 6371485
TI  - [Studies on pre- and postoperative extravascular lung water changes in patients
      with esophageal cancer].
AB  - Pre- and postoperative extravascular lung water (EVLW) changes in a series of
      twenty patients with esophageal cancer were studied using thermal-dye double
      indicator dilution method. Preoperative EVLW was 8.2 +/- 2.3 ml/kg (M +/- SD),
      being greater as compared to the normal range of EVLW. The pattern of
      postoperative EVLW changes varied between patients and changes could not be
      predicted by the conventional examinations including chest X-ray, determination
      of pulmonary hemodynamics and blood gas analysis. Analysing the relationship
      between the changes in COP-PWP gradient and EVLW, COP-PWP gradient decreased on
      the first postoperative day regardless of the EVLW changes. With regard to the
      changes for the 2nd to the 3rd day or for the 3rd to the 4th day, however, the
      patients with elevating EVLW showed falling COP-PWP gradient, whereas the
      patients having decreasing EVLW had an increase in COP-PWP gradient. Especially,
      the patients in which EVLW had increased during the 3rd to the 4th day showed a
      remarkable rise of PWP possibly due to depressed left ventricular function. It is
      considered that the EVLW increase on the first postoperative day is attributable
      to an alteration of the permeability characteristics of alveolar capillary but
      that the increase in the 3rd to 4th day is simply due to an elevated hydrostatic
      pressure. This suggests that there are two different kinds of mechanism involving
      in the production of wet lung following esophageal cancer surgery.

PMID- 6371486
TI  - [Immunohistochemical localization of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in gastric
      cancer--a comparative study between tissue CEA and plasma CEA].
AB  - Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was examined in 122 cases of gastric cancer
      and immunohistochemical localization was also studied in 102 resected specimens.
      A comparative study between tissue CEA and plasma CEA was carried out. The
      results were as follows. Plasma CEA were positive (over 2.5 ng/ml) in 46 cases
      (37%). The positive rate was parallel with the size of cancer (p less than 0.05)
      and was higher in well-differentiated cancer. As to tissue CEA, 87 specimens
      (85%) showed the varying degree (+/- +) of positive reaction. CEA was localized
      in luminal border, cytoplasma and grandular lumen in well differentiated cancer,
      and only in cytoplasma in poorly differentiated cancer. The positive rate of
      plasma CEA was parallel with the degree of positive reaction in tissue. No
      significant histological difference was observed between strong positive reaction
      to tissue CEA and positive plasma CEA. In the cases with moderate positive
      reaction to tissue CEA, however, the positivity of plasma CEA was significantly
      higher in the cases with alpha or beta INF pattern and/or intermed stromal
      reaction. (p less than 0.05).

PMID- 6371487
TI  - [Experimental studies on blood flow in the gastric tube for esophageal
      reconstruction].
AB  - Various types of gastric tubes for esophageal substitute were constructed and
      their advantages and disadvantages were compared. The most important point in
      esophageal reconstruction is to obtain a gastric tube with sufficient blood
      supply and with adequate length for the reconstruction. The author constructed 4
      types of gastric tube in dogs, that is, whole stomach (A) and gastric tubes with
      6 cm (B), 3 cm (C) and 1.5 cm (D) in width respectively, dissecting the lesser
      curvature side of the stomach to the various extents. The tissue blood flow was
      measured at the point 3 cm oral from the uppermost pulsation of right
      gastroepiploic artery using a hydrogen clearance method. The flow rates were
      found to be 32.8, 30.9, 50.9 and 27.9 ml/min/100 g in gastric tubes A, B, C and
      D, respectively. It was also found that the blood flow rates in the right
      gastroepiploic artery were nearly the same in tubes A, B and C, but it decreased
      remarkably in tube D. Histologic study revealed that the microvasculature of the
      gastric tube A, B and C was well preserved although that of the tube D was
      damaged to some extent, resulting in decreased circulation in site. These results
      clearly indicated that the gastric tube C with 3 cm width is the best choice
      among the various types of gastric tubes compared, giving adequate blood supply
      and sufficient length to meet any route in esophageal reconstruction.

PMID- 6371488
TI  - [Pancreatic function after pancreatoduodenectomy--correlation between the volume
      ratio of parenchyma and the number of Langerhans' islets].
AB  - Correlation between the volume ratio of the pancreatic parenchyma and the volume
      of hydroxyproline in the pancreatic tissue was studied in 9 mongrel dogs with
      pancreatic-duct ligation. The volume ratio of the pancreatic parenchyma and the
      number of Langerhans' islets were determined in 11 normal pancreas. And the
      relationship between the volume ratio of the pancreatic parenchyma in the 37
      resected pancreas by pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) and the functions in the
      remaining pancreas after PD, was examined. The following results were obtained:
      The method to determine the volume ratio of the pancreatic parenchyma by using a
      Roller-planimeter proved to be a simple and convenient to find out the extent of
      pancreatic fibrosis. The volume ratio of the pancreatic parenchyma in normal
      pancreas was almost uniform over the whole pancreas. The number of Langerhans'
      islets in the tail of normal pancreas was about 1.5 times as many as that at the
      resection line by the scheduled PD. The volume ratio of the pancreatic parenchyma
      and the number of Langerhans' islets after PD were about half that in normal
      pancreas. Positive correlation was noted between the volume ratio of the
      pancreatic parenchyma and the post-operative pancreatic juice secreted at the
      time of PD. In the cases which the volume ratio of the pancreatic parenchyma was
      over 80%, the pancreatic juice secretion was over 200 ml/day. In many of the
      cases which the volume ratio of the pancreatic parenchyma was over 70%, the
      exocrine function in the remaining pancreas was good even three to four years
      after PD. Correlation was observed between the number of Langerhans' islets at PD
      and the post-operative glucose tolerance. In the cases which the number of
      Langerhans' islets was large, more favorable insulin secretory function was
      observed in the remaining pancreas.

PMID- 6371489
TI  - [Instability of the mitochondrial genome].
AB  - A number of manifestations of mitochondrial DNA instability have been reviewed.
      Differences in organization of mitochondrial genomes of different origin have
      been regarded as well as variability concerning the genetic code. Examples of
      molecular heterogeneity of mtDNA and among them insertions and optional introns
      in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are given. Specific mutations in ascomycets and
      higher plants have been discussed as an aspect of instability since they cause
      the appearance of mitochondrial plasmids and episomes. One can regard the rate of
      mtDNA evolution particularly the high frequency of molecular rearrangement as
      connected with the fact that some of its regions behave as "egoistic" DNA.
      According to the Doolittle-Crick concept phenotypical selection always supports
      any useful function of that DNA, emerging by chance. Therefore we admit that some
      of the optional insertions into mt genes in S. cerevisiae have the adaptive
      function. It is also possible that in the course of evolution some higher plants
      "have learned" to use the DNA's ability to generate plasmids and episomes in
      order to create new means of gene activity regulation.

PMID- 6371490
TI  - [Changes in the state of tryptophan residues in T4 phage lysozyme during binding
      to a competitive inhibitor].
AB  - The analysis of the intrinsic fluorescence parameters of T4 phage lysozyme in
      free state and in complex with inhibitor--disaccharide-tetrapeptide from the E.
      coli cell wall has been carried out. A comparison of the fluorescence changes
      with the results obtained by difference spectrophotometry and with the data of
      Elwell and Schellman on the intrinsic fluorescence of wild type WT and mutant eRI
      T4 phage lysozymes and a consideration of the three dimensional structure of the
      protein allows to represent the protein fluorescence parameters as a sum of
      contributions of the individual tryptophan residues. According to the proposed
      scheme Trp-126 does not emit neither in the free protein nor in the complex; the
      fluorescence parameters of Trp-158 (lambda m 332 nm, q = 0.27) are not affected
      by binding of the inhibitor, but all the fluorescence changes are due to the rise
      of the quantum yield (from 0.135 to 0.315) and the blue shift (from 332 to 328
      nm) of the fluorescence of Trp-138.

PMID- 6371491
TI  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC8 gene and its product.
AB  - The product of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC8 gene is essential for normal
      cellular DNA replication; the determination of the structure of the gene and the
      identification of its product would facilitate the examination of its role in
      this process. We have cloned a 1,000-base-pair fragment of the S. cerevisiae
      genome carrying the functional gene. The nucleotide sequence includes one long
      open reading frame; it is flanked by sequences typical of other S. cerevisiae
      genes. This sequence predicts a polypeptide chain product of 216 amino acids with
      a molecular weight of 24,600. A polyadenylated RNA transcript of this sequence
      was identified by hybridization; in vitro translation of RNA samples enriched for
      this transcript produced a specific polypeptide chain of apparent molecular
      weight between 24,000 and 25,000. Thus the reading frame identified represents
      the authentic CDC8 gene, and the amino acid sequence of its product has been
      deduced. Our observations differ from two previous reports of the identification
      of the putative CDC8 protein based upon in vitro complementation assays.

PMID- 6371492
TI  - Repetitive Dictyostelium heat-shock promotor functions in Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae.
AB  - The Dictyostelium genome contains 40 copies of a 4.7-kilobase repetitive and
      apparently transposable DNA sequence (DIRS-1) and about 250 smaller elements that
      appear to be deletions or rearrangements of DIRS-1. Transcripts of these
      sequences are induced during differentiation and also by heat shock treatment of
      growing cells. We showed that one such cloned element, pB41.6 (2.5 kilobases)
      contains a nucleotide sequence identical to the Drosophila consensus heat shock
      promotor. To test whether this sequence might indeed control the expression of
      DIRS-1-related RNAs, we have cloned this genomic segment into yeast cells. In
      yeast cells, 41.6 directs synthesis of a 1.7-kilobase RNA that is induced at
      least 10-fold by heat shock. Transcription initiates at about 124 bases 3' of the
      putative promotor sequence and terminates within the 41.6 insert. A 381-base-pair
      subclone that contains the putative promotor sequence is sufficient to induce the
      heat shock response of 41.6 in yeast cells.

PMID- 6371493
TI  - Effects of altered 5'-flanking sequences on the in vivo expression of a
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae tRNATyr gene.
AB  - Deletion mutations ending in the 5'-flanking sequences of the Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae SUP4-o gene have been analyzed for their effects on gene expression.
      This ochre-suppressing tRNATyr gene was cloned into a S. cerevisiae centromeric
      plasmid, and its level of in vivo expression was monitored by observing the
      suppressor phenotype of the gene after transformation into S. cerevisiae. A
      deletion mutant that retains only four base pairs of the 5'-flanking sequence is
      profoundly deficient in expression; deletion mutants extending to positions -18, 
      17, -16, or -15 are moderately deficient; deletion mutants extending to positions
      -36 or -27 are slightly defective; and mutants retaining more than 60 base pairs
      of the original 5'-flanking DNA are expressed normally. In some cases, the
      cloning procedure led to the introduction of multiple BamHI linkers at the SUP4-o
      vector fusion site, and in one instance, the resulting structure dramatically
      affects gene function: the presence of three linkers abutting a -18 deletion
      completely inhibits the in vivo expression of SUP4-o. In contrast, three linkers
      that abut a -77 deletion have no effect on in vivo expression. The template
      properties of these plasmids in a homologous in vitro transcription system
      parallel the levels of in vivo expression, suggesting that the mutations
      predominantly affect transcription. The data demonstrate that there are
      significant functional constraints on the 5'-flanking sequences of this RNA
      polymerase III-transcribed gene. The dramatic effects of the multiple linker
      insertion at position -18 suggest that there may be extensive melting of the DNA
      in this region during normal transcription initiation.

PMID- 6371494
TI  - Fatty acid-acylated proteins in secretory mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Yeast secretory (sec) mutants that are blocked in the transport of secretory
      proteins and accumulate membrane organelles were used to study the biosynthesis
      of fatty acid-acylated proteins. Four proteins were labeled with [3H]palmitate in
      sec mutants accumulating endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Three of these
      (molecular weights approximately equal to 20,000, 50,000, and 120,000) were N
      linked glycoproteins, based on their ability to be labeled with [3H]mannose and
      their sensitivity to endoglycosidase H. The fourth protein (molecular weight
      approximately equal to 30,000) also was labeled with [3H]mannose but was
      insensitive to endoglycosidase H; it appeared to contain O-linked sugars. In sec
      mutants accumulating Golgi membranes or post-Golgi vesicles, a 35-kilodalton
      protein was labeled with [3H]palmitate. Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus
      protease V8 digests and pulse-chase experiments indicated that the 30-kilodalton
      protein was a precursor of 35 kilodaltons. None of these proteins was labeled
      with [3H]palmitate in a sec mutant that blocked the penetration of nascent
      polypeptides into endoplasmic reticulum; thus, acylation occurred in endoplasmic
      reticulum. All four proteins could be recovered from fractions enriched for yeast
      membranes. Fatty acids were not released from proteins by boiling in sodium
      dodecyl sulfate or extraction with organic solvents but were recovered as methyl
      esters after proteins were treated with KOH-methanol, a reaction characteristic
      of an acyl ester linkage.

PMID- 6371495
TI  - Developmental changes in translatable RNA species associated with meiosis and
      spore formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - During Saccharomyces cerevisiae sporulation distinct changes in translatable mRNA
      species have been detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of the
      polypeptides produced in a messenger-dependent, cell-free rabbit reticulocyte
      lysate primed with RNA prepared from a/alpha, a/a, and alpha/alpha isogenic
      diploids at different stages of sporulation. The availability of functional mRNA
      increased by about 25% during the first 4 h after transfer of either sporulating
      (a/alpha), or nonsporulating (a/a and alpha/alpha) diploids to sporulation
      medium. Thereafter functional mRNA decreased such that in the a/alpha strain
      after 24 h there was only about 50% of the amount in vegetative cells; a less
      marked decrease was observed in the a/a and alpha/alpha strains. Of 750 mRNA
      species detected, 43 underwent alterations only during sporulation in the a/alpha
      strain, whereas 36 changes were common to all three strains and one mRNA specific
      to alpha/alpha vegetative cells was detected. Only four of the sporulation
      specific changes were due to the de novo appearance of translatable species, and
      two of these became predominant species of the total population. The majority of
      the specific changes were due to either permanent or transient increases in the
      concentration of individual mRNA species; 11 decreases were found. Changes were
      found at most stages of sporulation, although many occurred in either of two
      stages, one early (before 2 h) and the other later (between 6 and 8 h) when
      commitment to meiotic segregation was beginning. The results provide evidence for
      both quantitative and, to a lesser extent, qualitative transcriptional control of
      gene expression during sporulation.

PMID- 6371497
TI  - Transformation of protoplasted yeast cells is directly associated with cell
      fusion.
AB  - The frequency of cell fusion during transformation of yeast protoplasts with
      various yeast plasmids with a chromosome replicon (YRp or YCp) or 2 mu DNA (YEp)
      was estimated by two methods. In one method, a mixture of protoplasts of two
      haploid strains with identical mating type and complementary auxotrophic nuclear
      markers with or without cytoplasmic markers was transformed. When the number of
      various phenotypic classes of transformants for the nuclear markers was analyzed
      by equations derived from binominal distribution theory, the frequency of nuclear
      fusion among the transformants was 42 to 100% in transformations with the YRp or
      YCp plasmids and 28 to 39% with the YEp plasmids. In another method, a haploid
      bearing the sir mutation, which allows a diploid (or polyploid) homozygous for
      the MAT (mating type) locus to sporulate by the expression of the silent mating
      type loci HML and HMR, was transformed with the plasmids. Sporulation ability was
      found in 43 to 95% of the transformants with the YRp or YCp plasmids, and 26 to
      31% of the YEp transformants. When cytoplasmic mixing was included with the
      nuclear fusion, 96 to 100% of the transformants were found to be cell fusants.
      Based upon these observations, we concluded that transformation of yeast
      protoplasts is directly associated with cell fusion.

PMID- 6371496
TI  - Superkiller mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae suppress exclusion of M2 double
      stranded RNA by L-A-HN and confer cold sensitivity in the presence of M and L-A
      HN.
AB  - In an mktl host, L-A-HN double-stranded RNA excludes M2 double-stranded RNA at 30
      degrees C but not at 20 degrees C. Recessive mutations suppressing the exclusion
      of M2 by L-A-HN in an mktl host include six ski (superkiller) genes, three of
      which (ski6, ski7 and ski8) are new genes. The dominant mutations in one gene
      (MKS50) and recessive mutations in at least two genes (mks1 and mks2) suppress M2
      exclusion by L-A-HN but do not show other characteristics of ski mutations and
      thus define a new class of killer-related chromosomal genes. Mutations in ski2,
      ski3, ski4, ski6, ski7, and ski8 result in increased M copy number at 30 degrees
      C and prevent the cells from growing at 8 degrees C. Elimination of M double
      stranded RNA from a cold-sensitive ski- strain results in the loss of cold
      sensitivity. ski- [KIL-sd1] strains lack L-A-HN, carry L-A-E, and have a lower M1
      copy number than do ski- [KIL-k1] strains and are only slightly cold sensitive.
      The LTS5 (=MAK6) product is required both for low temperature growth and for M1
      maintenance or replication. We propose that the elevated levels of M in ski-
      strains divert the host LTS5 product away from the host and to the M replication
      process. We also suggest that the essential role of L-A in M replication is
      protection of M double-stranded RNA from the negative influence of SKI+ products.

PMID- 6371498
TI  - Immunochemical studies on a polysaccharide from Shigella dysenteriae type 2.
AB  - The polysaccharide isolated from Shigella dysenteriae type 2, strain NCTC 566, on
      Smith degradation and graded hydrolysis yielded three oligosaccharides which were
      characterised using methylation studies. Using homologous rabbit antiserum and
      the monosaccharides that constituted the polysaccharide and the oligosaccharides
      isolated from it and the cross-reactions in some type-specific pneumococcal
      antisera, immunochemical specificities of different sugar groupings in the
      polysaccharide molecule were determined. These results indicated that N
      acetylglucosamine was the immunodominant sugar in the polysaccharide and the
      oligosaccharide isolated from the Smith-degraded product and having the structure
      (formula; see text) gave maximum inhibition of the specific precipitation.

PMID- 6371499
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopic study of experimental pyelonephritis].

PMID- 6371500
TI  - Survival and mutagenesis of bacterial plasmids with localized carcinogen adducts.
AB  - Restriction fragments from nonessential gene regions in bacterial plasmids were
      covalently modified with benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-oxide (BPDE) and
      ligated to the remaining unmodified fragment to construct the plasmid with a
      localized patch of BPDE adducts. These preparations were introduced into
      appropriate strains of E. coli and the effect of the carcinogen adducts on
      plasmid survival and mutagenesis determined. Survival as a function of adduct
      concentration of randomly modified plasmids was the same as that of plasmids with
      localized adducts in both repair-proficient and -deficient strains, indicating
      that the simple presence of the carcinogen is the main factor in plasmid
      mortality. The results of these and other experiments indicate that plasmid
      survival is a function of the adduct/plasmid molecule ratio not the
      adduct/nucleotide ratio. Plasmids with mutations produced in the region
      (tetracycline resistance) containing the localized adducts were selected and the
      nature of the mutations determined by direct sequence analysis. The mutations
      included frameshifts, transitions, and transversions.

PMID- 6371501
TI  - Petite and sectored induction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by propidium iodide:
      synergistic effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate.
AB  - Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was examined for its effect on petite and sectored
      colony induction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by propidium iodide (PI) and
      ethidium bromide (EB). 4-h cultivation with 100 microM PI and 100 micrograms/ml
      SDS resulted in virtually all plated cells growing as sectored colonies with no
      decrease in viability. Sectored colonies are mixed colonies comprised of
      respiratory deficient and competent cells believed to be derived from an unstable
      respiratory deficient cell. Further cultivation with PI and SDS prior to plating
      led to induction of complete petite colonies with a rapid decrease in viable
      cells. PI alone at this concentration exhibited weak induction of sectored
      colonies (maximum 12.3% at 8 h) and petite colonies (maximum 10.8% at 12 h), but
      SDS alone caused induction of neither. 50 microM PI had almost the same activity
      as 100 microM except for a delay in the induction of sectored colonies in the
      initial stage, and a decreased rate of petite colony induction. The effects of 20
      microM PI and SDS were much lower than that by 50 microM and no inhibition of
      growth was observed. 10 microM PI was quite inactive even in the presence of SDS.
      Under resting conditions, 10 approximately 100 microM PI and 100 micrograms/ml
      SDS induced about 60% sectored colonies at 12 h incubation and more than 60%
      petite colonies at 24 h. After 6 h incubation, decrease in survival was also
      observed.

PMID- 6371502
TI  - Genetic tests for autosomal non-disjunction and chromosome loss in mice.
AB  - Two new genetic methods for detecting autosomal non-disjunction and chromosome
      loss in mice are described. Both methods involve the use of marker genes and
      Robertsonian translocations, the latter present only in tester parents, to detect
      events in chromosomally normal mice. With the Rb method, the tester parent
      carries one or more Robertsonian translocations heterozygously; with the MBH
      method the tester parent carries two Robertsonian translocations showing
      monobrachial homology. The high rates of meiotic non-disjunction in the tester
      mice provide gametes with specific extra or missing chromosomes which, at
      fertilization, can allow the survival of a proportion of the zygotes lacking or
      carrying an extra specific chromosome from tested chromosomally normal parents.
      The Rb method has been assessed for X-ray-induced chromosome 1 loss and non
      disjunction in mature oocytes and also for such chromosome 1 loss from the
      maternal pronuclei of 1-cell zygotes. The MBH method has been assessed for X-ray
      induced chromosome 1 loss in male postmeiotic cells and for non-disjunction in
      spermatocytes. Both methods proved effective in detecting chromosome 1 loss. A
      single case of the much rarer non-disjunctional event was also found. As applied,
      both methods compared favourably with the numerical sex chromosome anomaly (NSA)
      method and have considerable potential for further development.

PMID- 6371503
TI  - Validating RK test: correlation with Salmonella mutatest and SOS chromotest assay
      results for reference compounds and influence of pH and dose response on measured
      toxic, mutagenic effects.

PMID- 6371504
TI  - Validation of the Salmonella (SV50)/arabinose-resistant forward mutation assay
      system with 26 compounds.
AB  - Mutagenic sensitivity of the Salmonella/arabinose-resistant (Arar) assay system
      using the tester strain SV50 was evaluated with 26 compounds both by the
      preincubation and the standard plate incorporation tests. The mutagenic activity
      of all 26 compounds was also tested with TA98 and/or TA100 of the Ames
      Salmonella/microsome assay system. The results indicate that 13 and 10 of 26
      compounds were mutagenic and nonmutagenic, respectively, in both assay systems.
      PR toxin and hydrogen peroxide were mutagenic only in the Arar assay, while 2
      nitrofluorene was mutagenic only in the Ames assay. The results also show that
      the mutagenic response of SV50 to 13 of 15 mutagenic compounds was much higher
      (2.1-154-fold) if the compounds were tested with the preincubation rather than
      the plate incorporation test. The mutagenic activity of 4 compounds (diethyl
      sulfate, niridazole, PR toxin and hydrogen peroxide) in the Arar assay was
      detected only with the preincubation test. Since the Arar assay using tester
      strain SV50 has similar mutagenic sensitivity as the Ames assay to chemicals with
      different modes of action and since it requires only one tester strain, we find
      this assay system to be useful for screening environmental mutagens. Based on the
      effectiveness of the preincubation test in this study, it is recommended that the
      preincubation test instead of the plate incorporation test be used for the Arar
      assay system with tester strain SV50.

PMID- 6371505
TI  - RK bacterial test for independently measuring chemical toxicity and mutagenicity:
      short-term forward selection assay.
AB  - A short-term bacterial assay system for determining the mutagenic potential of
      environmental substances was developed and validated. Genotoxic activity was
      demonstrated for selected substances from 10 categories of chemical agents. The
      RK test results were obtained with one Escherichia coli assay strain that was
      transiently exposed to, and then removed from the test substance prior to the
      selection step for mutant cells. The RK test employs a hitherto unused short-term
      assay technique for selecting forward mutations in the wild-type selector strain
      cells. The cells of the selector strain are killed upon shifting to 42 degrees C
      as a consequence of thermal derepression and subsequent expression of the
      replication genes from an integrated 10-kilobase fragment of phage lambda. Cells
      that acquire mutations in the responsible killing genes are detected by their
      colony-forming ability at 42 degrees C. A substance is determined to be genotoxic
      if it is capable of increasing the forward mutation frequency for appearance of
      these mutant cells. Toxicity of the agent is independently evaluated by examining
      its effect on the viability of the selector strain at 30 degrees C, when the
      viral replication genes remain repressed. The flexible assay protocol enables
      determination of the effect of pH on mutagenic activity, the requirement for
      metabolic activation, and assays of nearly insoluble or highly toxic substances.

PMID- 6371506
TI  - Induction of the SFIA SOS repair function by psoralens in the dark.

PMID- 6371507
TI  - Induction of SOS functions is not required for recA+-dependent mutagenicity of 9
      aminoacridine in Salmonella typhimurium strain trpE8.

PMID- 6371508
TI  - Comparative mutagenesis by aminofluorene derivatives. A possible effect of DNA
      configuration.
AB  - The mutagenicity of N-acetoxy-N-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-acetoxy- 2AAF ) for
      Salmonella typhimuricum TA98 is greatly reduced when compared to that of N
      hydroxy-2-aminofluorene. This decrease in mutagenic response is accompanied by
      the formation of a deoxyguanosine-2-acetylaminofluorene adduct. The
      deoxyguanosine-2-aminofluorene adduct, characteristic of cells exposed to N -
      hydroxy-2-aminofluorene, was not detected in N-acetoxy- 2AAF -treated cells.
      Enzymic deacetylation of N - acetoxy- 2AAF results in restoration of potent
      mutagenicity. N-Acetoxy-2-acetylamino-7- iodofluorene is also more mutagenic than
      N-acetoxy- 2AAF . Because the acetylated and unacetylated guanine adducts induce
      greatly different configurational changes, the results may be indicative that the
      introduction of the syn configuration and a possible shift to the Z-conformation
      at the mutational hot spot of Salmonella typhimurium TA98 [(dG-dC)8] results in
      reduced mutagenic potency.

PMID- 6371509
TI  - UV irradiation alters deoxynucleoside triphosphate pools in Escherichia coli.
AB  - UV irradiation of exponentially growing Escherichia coli increased intracellular
      concentration of dATP and dTTP without significantly changing the concentrations
      of dGTP and dCTP. These selective increases in dATP and dTTP pools are seen in
      wild-type E. coli K12 and AB1157, as well as in recA and umuC strains, and are
      proportional to UV dose. The possible significance of these findings with respect
      to induction of the SOS response and nontargeted mutagenesis are discussed.

PMID- 6371510
TI  - Effect of liver enzymes on the mutagenicity of nitroheterocyclic compounds:
      activation of 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3-(1-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)- 1,2
      benzisoxazole and deactivation of nitrofurans and nitroimidazoles in the Ames
      test.
AB  - The effect of liver enzymes (S9) on the mutagenic response of nitroimidazoles and
      nitrofurans in the Ames test was evaluated with strain TA100. A diminished
      response was observed with a 5-nitroimidazole and 5-nitrofurans when the S9
      preparation was incorporated in the agar layer. Preincubation with S9 under
      anaerobic conditions prior to adding the bacteria resulted in a greater and
      sometimes complete loss of the mutagenic effect. The loss of mutagenic potency
      was dependent on both incubation time and quantity of the S9 preparation. These
      results suggest that metabolites formed after reductive metabolism are neither
      mutagenic (presumably due to the loss of the nitro group) nor capable of
      activation to mutagenic metabolites. One 5-nitroimidazole, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a
      hexahydro-3-(1-methyl-5-nitro -1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1,2-benzisoxazole (MK-0436),
      gave an increased response in the presence of S9 in both the plate test and when
      preincubated under aerobic conditions. 7 metabolites were produced by the
      incubation. 4 monooxygenated metabolites were isolated and found to possess
      significant mutagenic activity. 2 synthetic dihydroxy analogs were more mutagenic
      than MK-0436. Similar results were obtained with S9 preparations from human liver
      and the livers of control, phenobarbital and Aroclor-1254 pretreated rats.

PMID- 6371511
TI  - Mutagenicity of several derivatives of dipyrido[1,2-a:2',3'-d]imidazoles.
AB  - Different derivatives of dipyrido[1,2-a:2',3'-d]imidazoles have been
      investigated, as mutagens for Salmonella typhimurium. The nature of different
      substitution groups and their positions on the base ring influenced markedly the
      mutagenicity of these compounds. From this structure/effect relationship study,
      it was demonstrated that the 2 and 3 positions were of special interest. The 3-N
      hydroxylated compound was the most active mutagen tested. We also observed that
      the frequently found frameshift mutagens were responsible for base-pair
      substitution. Metabolic activation by liver S9 mix increased the reversion rates
      of the strains tested. The SCE assays correlated poorly with the
      Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity test.

PMID- 6371513
TI  - Frameshift mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium of furocoumarins in the dark.
AB  - The dark mutagenicity of 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen (4,5',8-TMP), 5-methoxypsoralen
      (5-MOP), 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), 3-carbethoxypsoralen (3-CPs) and two new
      pyridopsoralens (PyPs and MePyPs) was tested using the Ames Salmonella plating
      assay in the absence of metabolic activation. 4,5',8-TMP, 8-MOP and the two
      pyridopsoralens were found to be weak frameshift mutagens in strain TA1537
      whereas 5-MOP and 3-CPs did not demonstrate any significant mutagenic activity.
      These findings support the notion that the genetic risks of these psoralens in
      the dark may be considered to be negligible.

PMID- 6371512
TI  - Mutagenicity of benzidine and benzidine-congener dyes and selected monoazo dyes
      in a modified Salmonella assay.
AB  - We have evaluated the mutagenic activity of a series of diazo compounds derived
      from benzidine and its congeners o-tolidine, o-dianisidine and 3,3'
      dichlorobenzidine as well as several monoazo compounds. The test system used was
      a modification of the standard Ames Salmonella assay in which FMN, hamster liver
      S9 and a preincubation step are used to facilitate azo reduction and detection of
      the resulting mutagenic aromatic amines. All of the benzidine and o-tolidine dyes
      tested were clearly mutagenic. The o-dianisidine dyes except for Direct Blue 218
      were also mutagenic. Direct Blue 218 is a copper complex of the mutagenic o
      dianisidine dye Direct Blue 15. Pigment Yellow 12, which is derived from 3,3'
      dichlorobenzidine, could not be detected as mutagenic, presumably because of its
      lack of solubility in the test reaction mixture. Of the monoazo dyes tested,
      methyl orange was clearly mutagenic, while C.I. Acid Red 26 and Acid Dye (C.I.
      16155; often referred to as Ponceau 3R) had marginal to weak mutagenic activity.
      Several commercial dye samples had greater mutagenic activity with the modified
      test protocol than did equimolar quantities of their mutagenic aromatic amine
      reduction products. Investigation of this phenomenon for Direct Black 38 and
      trypan blue showed that it was due to the presence of mutagenic impurities in
      these samples. The modified method used appears to be suitable for testing the
      mutagenicity of azo dyes, and it may also be useful for monitoring the presence
      of mutagenic or potentially carcinogenic impurities in otherwise nonmutagenic azo
      dyes.

PMID- 6371514
TI  - Aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons produce volatile Salmonella mutagens.
AB  - Production of volatile mutagenic metabolites from 5 halogenated promutagens was
      examined by a simple modification of the conventional Salmonella/microsome
      mutagenicity assay. This method incorporates the taping together of 2 agar plates
      face to face during the initial portion of their incubation at 37 degrees C. By
      varying the contents of the soft agar in each of the two plates with respect to
      promutagen, S9 and tester strain cells, mutagenesis due to volatile promutagens
      and their metabolites could be quantitated separately. Using the taped plate
      assay, volatile mutagenic metabolites were detected from the promutagens 3-(2
      chloroethoxy)-1,2-dichloropropene, the herbicides diallate, triallate and
      sulfallate, and the flame-retardant tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (Tris-BP).
      All compounds except Tris-BP were also found to be volatile promutagens. The
      mutagenic metabolites accounted for 50-80% of the activity of these compounds
      observed in the standard assay. Morever, our studies suggest that a small, but
      appreciable percentage of the mutagenic metabolites from all 5 compounds escaped
      detection in the conventional, untaped assay. Mutagenic activity of the volatile
      mutagenic metabolites from diallate was quenched by various Salmonella tester
      strains independent of their responsiveness to diallate mutagenesis. Detection of
      volatile mutagen formation from diallate was also prevented by cysteine and
      glutathione, but not by DNA or metyrapone. This taped plate method for the
      Salmonella assay should facilitate future investigations of the detection,
      isolation and identification of volatile mutagenic metabolites from other
      promutagenic compounds or mixtures.

PMID- 6371515
TI  - Relationship between exposure time and metabolic activation of dichloromethane in
      Salmonella typhimurium.

PMID- 6371516
TI  - Genotoxicity of the free-radical producers CCl4 and lipoperoxide in Aspergillus
      nidulans.
AB  - The false negative compounds, carbon tetrachloride and linoleic acid peroxide,
      induce somatic segregation in A. nidulans, but are negative or weak in inducing
      gene mutation in a haploid strain of the same organism. The other carcinogen
      tested, CHCl3, was negative in both tests. A model involving free-radical
      formation is proposed to explain the results. Finally, cysteamine, a free-radical
      scavenger, could partially counteract the genotoxicity of CCl4. The existence of
      carcinogens, predominantly capable of inducing chromosomal rearrangements through
      its action on structures other than DNA is stressed.

PMID- 6371517
TI  - Induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis in primary rat hepatocytes by benzidine
      congener-derived azo dyes in the in vitro and in vivo/in vitro assays.
AB  - The genotoxicity of the benzidine-congener-derived azo dyes. Direct Blue 1 ( DB1
      ), Direct Blue 14 ( DB14 ), Direct Brown 95 ( DB95 ), and Direct Red 46 ( DR46 )
      was studied in the in vitro and in vivo/in vitro unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS)
      assays in primary rat hepatocytes to determine if in vivo metabolism of these
      compounds was required for induction of UDS. Hepatocytes were isolated, cultured,
      and treated with the azo dyes and [3H]thymidine (in vitro assay); alternatively,
      in the in vivo/in vitro assay, rats were intubated with the azo dyes, the
      hepatocytes isolated at 17 h after dosing and incubated in a medium containing
      [3H]thymidine. UDS was quantified by an autoradiographic method. None of the azo
      dyes induced UDS in the in vitro assay. However, DR46 did induce marginal, but
      significant UDS in 1 experiment (1.2 net grains at 500 micrograms/ml media). No
      significant UDS was observed when DR46 was tested in a subsequent in vitro assay.
      In the in vivo/in vitro assay, DB95 (100 mg/kg), DB14 (125 mg/kg), and DR46 (100
      mg/kg) induced significant UDS (12, 2.1, and 3.5 net grains, respectively). None
      of the azo dyes tested was mutagenic in the Salmonella/microsome assay in the
      presence and absence of rat liver enzymes. Therefore, in vivo reduction of azo
      dyes, presumably by the gut microflora, is a requirement for the genotoxicity of
      these azo dyes in the primary rat hepatocyte UDS assay.

PMID- 6371518
TI  - Genotoxic activity of caramel on Salmonella and cultured mammalian cells.
AB  - The genetic activity of 2 commercial caramel preparations, manufactured either by
      heating the malt sugar solution directly (non-ammoniated caramel) or by heating
      it with ammonia (ammoniated caramel) was studied in the Salmonella mutagenicity
      test and UDS assay in cultured mammalian cells. The non-ammoniated caramel was
      found to be mutagenic to S. typhimurium TA100, while the ammoniated one was
      genetically active in all the tester strains used, namely TA100, TA97 and TA98.
      It was also demonstrated that non-ammoniated caramel was capable of inducing UDS
      in cultured human amnion FL cells, but for the ammoniated one, no such activity
      was observed. Furthermore, based on the results obtained in the DNA synthesis
      inhibition assay, it was suggested that the DNA synthesis inhibition seen in our
      experiments with the ammoniated caramel was probably not of DNA damage in origin.
      These data indicate that the mutagenic fractions formed during ammoniated and non
      ammoniated caramelization were quite different.

PMID- 6371519
TI  - Protective effect of low doses in mutagenesis with ethylene oxide in E. coli.
AB  - The influence of pre-exposure to low doses of ethylene oxide (EtO) on the
      frequency of leu+ revertants in the E. coli strain, WU36-10, and its excision
      repair-deficient mutant, WU36-10-89, after treatment with high doses of EtO, was
      studied. Low doses had an adaptive effect in both strains with respect to high
      doses of EtO which was manifested by a decreased number of revertants and lower
      lethality.

PMID- 6371520
TI  - A simple in situ mutagenicity test system for detection of mutagenic air
      pollutants.

PMID- 6371521
TI  - Mutagenicity studies of human fibroblast interferon (HuIFN-beta).
AB  - Human fibroblast interferon (HuIFN-beta) was studied for mutagenicity using the
      Ames method and in vitro cytogenetics. HuIFN-beta had no mutagenic effect on S.
      typhimurium (TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98 and TA100) and E. coli (WP2 uvrA) at
      concentrations of 3, 30, 300, 3000, 30 000 or 300 000 IU/plate. In the
      cytogenetic study, HuIFN-beta had no clastogenic effect on human peripheral blood
      lymphocytes at concentrations of 3, 30, 300, 3000, or 30 000 IU/ml. These results
      suggest that HuIFN-beta has no mutagenic potential.

PMID- 6371522
TI  - Studies of genetic effects in the D7 strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under
      different conditions of pH.
AB  - The genetic effects of variation in pH in culture media and in suspension tests
      were examined in a diploid strain (D7) of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
      Deviation from the normal pH of 6.24 in the liquid culture medium, has a
      significant effect on cellular growth and on mitotic gene conversion at the trp5
      locus. Frequencies of reversion at the ilv I-92 locus and of mitotic crossing
      over at the ade2 locus are not significantly influenced. Suspension tests,
      performed using phosphate buffer (pH 5.8), strongly confirm the original results.
      Our data suggest that the increase in mitotic gene conversion under various
      conditions of pH is due to a specific effect of pH itself on the cells of S.
      cerevisiae. In fact, increases were obtained using the same pH in both cellular
      growth and non-growth conditions. The maximum effect detected with both
      procedures was obtained at pH 5.8; in the growth test, at this pH, gene
      conversion frequency appeared to be most pronounced, being about 10 times higher
      than that of the control. These results suggest that pH exerts its specific
      action both on growing and non-growing yeast cells, and the difference in
      induction of genetic effect between these two conditions is probably due to a
      time factor.

PMID- 6371523
TI  - Intraerythrocytic development and antigenicity of Plasmodium falciparum and
      comparison with simian and rodent malaria parasites.
AB  - Using sorbitol-synchronised cultures and metabolic labelling with
      [35S]methionine, the stage specificity of polypeptides synthesised by the
      intraerythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum was studied. We confirmed that
      the synthesis of many polypeptides is restricted to defined morphological stages
      of parasite development, while other polypeptides are synthesised more or less
      throughout the cycle. The synthesis of at least 6 polypeptides was confined to
      the period of differentiation of mature trophozoites to schizonts and merozoites.
      Polypeptides synthesised by a cloned long-term passage isolate were very similar
      to those of a recently cultured uncloned isolate. Comparison of polypeptides
      synthesized during differentiation of mature trophozoites to schizonts and
      merozoites by P. falciparum with those of P. chabaudi and P. knowlesi showed that
      while P. chabaudi and P. knowlesi synthesised a 250 000 molecular weight
      polypeptide at this stage the apparently equivalent polypeptide of P. falciparum
      was of significantly lower molecular weight being 200 000. Using a surface
      immunoprecipitation technique, it was shown that this 200 000 mol. wt.
      polypeptide was accessible to antibodies on the surface of erythrocytes infected
      with mature trophozoites and schizonts. A 150 000 mol. wt. polypeptide was also
      accessible to antibodies. By comparing polypeptides synthesised during the
      differentiation of mature trophozoites to schizonts and merozoites with those
      recovered in the ring stage parasites after schizogony and erythrocyte invasion,
      it was shown that this 200 000 mol. wt. polypeptide and 140 000 and 120 000 mol.
      wt. polypeptides were not taken into the erythrocyte by the invading merozoite.
      The importance of these polypeptides in terms of the parasite biology and in the
      induction and expression of immunity to malaria is discussed.

PMID- 6371524
TI  - A comparison of knobby (K+) and knobless (K-) parasites from two strains of
      Plasmodium falciparum.
AB  - Erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium falciparum develop knob-like protrusions on
      their membranes. Knobby (K+) parasites of the FCR-3 (Gambian) strain have been
      shown to possess a histidine-labelled protein of apparent molecular weight 80 000
      which is absent from knobless (K-) variants of the same strain. Here we report
      similar findings with K+ and K- parasites of another strain, the Malayan Camp
      strain, and also with cloned K+ and K- parasites of the FCR-3 strain. A histidine
      labelled protein unique to the two K+ parasites was identified as a broad band
      with an apparent molecular weight of 89 000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The presence of this protein in both K+
      Malayan Camp parasites and K+ FCR-3 (Gambian) parasites and its absence from K-
      parasites of both strains is consistent with this protein being a major component
      of knobs.

PMID- 6371525
TI  - A predictive instrument to improve coronary-care-unit admission practices in
      acute ischemic heart disease. A prospective multicenter clinical trial.
AB  - Each year 1.5 million patients are admitted to coronary-care units (CCUs) for
      suspected acute ischemic heart disease; for half of these, the diagnosis is
      ultimately "ruled out." In this study, conducted in the emergency rooms of six
      New England hospitals ranging in type from urban teaching centers to rural
      nonteaching hospitals, we sought to develop a diagnostic aid to help emergency
      room physicians reduce the number of their CCU admissions of patients without
      acute cardiac ischemia. From data on 2801 patients, we developed a predictive
      instrument for use in a hand-held programmable calculator, which requires only 20
      seconds to compute a patient's probability of having acute cardiac ischemia. In a
      prospective trial that included 2320 patients in the six hospitals, physicians'
      diagnostic specificity for acute ischemia increased when the probability value
      determined by the instrument was made available to them. Rates of false-positive
      diagnosis decreased without any increase in rates of false-negative diagnosis.
      Among study patients with a final diagnosis of "not acute ischemia," the number
      of CCU admissions decreased 30 per cent, without any increase in missed diagnoses
      of ischemia. The proportion of CCU admissions that represented patients without
      acute ischemia dropped from 44 to 33 per cent. Widespread use of this predictive
      instrument could reduce the number of CCU admissions in this country by more than
      250,000 per year.

PMID- 6371526
TI  - Familial hyperinsulinemia due to a structurally abnormal insulin. Definition of
      an emerging new clinical syndrome.
AB  - We have identified a patient with mild diabetes, marked fasting hyperinsulinemia
      (89 to 130 microU of insulin per milliliter), and a reduced fasting C-peptide:
      insulin molar ratio of 1.11 to 1.50 (normal, greater than 4). The patient
      responded normally to exogenous insulin. However, her endogenous immunoreactive
      insulin showed reduced biologic activity during a glucose-clamp study with
      hyperglycemia and a reduced ability to bind to the insulin receptor and stimulate
      glucose transport in vitro. Family studies showed that five additional relatives
      in three generations had variable degrees of glucose intolerance, marked
      hyperinsulinemia, and a reduced peripheral C-peptide:insulin molar ratio.
      Restriction-endonuclease cleavage of DNA isolated from circulating leukocytes in
      the patient and in family members with hyperinsulinemia revealed loss of the
      MboII recognition site in one allele of the insulin gene--consistent with a point
      mutation at position 24 or 25 in the insulin B chain. Other studies using high
      pressure liquid chromatography and detailed gene analysis have identified the
      defect as a serine for phenylalanine substitution at position 24 of the insulin B
      chain. The secretion of a structurally abnormal insulin should be considered in
      patients with hyperinsulinemia who respond normally to exogenous insulin and have
      a reduced C-peptide:insulin molar ratio. Glucose tolerance may range from
      relatively normal to overtly diabetic.

PMID- 6371527
TI  - The Federal Government and graduate medical education.

PMID- 6371528
TI  - The aspirin dilemma revisited.

PMID- 6371529
TI  - Allergy testing of multiple patients should no longer be performed with a common
      syringe.

PMID- 6371530
TI  - Staphylococcus aureus. The persistent pathogen (first of two parts).

PMID- 6371531
TI  - Treatment of multiple myeloma. A small step forward?

PMID- 6371532
TI  - Controversy about the risks of EDB.

PMID- 6371533
TI  - Bacteriuria in elderly men.

PMID- 6371534
TI  - Uninformed consent in 1942.

PMID- 6371535
TI  - Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. A prospective clinical trial of
      platelet-inhibitor therapy.
AB  - Forty patients with Type I membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis were treated
      for one year with dipyridamole, 225 mg per day, and aspirin, 975 mg per day, in a
      prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. At the base
      line, the half-life of 51Cr-labeled platelets was reduced in 12 of 17 patients.
      The platelet half-life became longer and renal function stabilized in the treated
      group, as compared with the placebo group, suggesting a relation between platelet
      consumption and the glomerulopathy. The glomerular filtration rate, determined by
      iothalamate clearance, was better maintained in the treated group (average
      decrease, 1.3 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area per 12 months) than
      in the placebo group (average decrease, 19.6). Fewer patients in the treated
      group than in the placebo group had progression to end-stage renal disease (3 of
      21 after 62 months as compared with 9 of 19 after 33 months). The data suggest
      that dipyridamole and aspirin slowed the deterioration of renal function and the
      development of end-stage renal disease.

PMID- 6371536
TI  - Staphylococcus aureus. The persistent pathogen (second of two parts).

PMID- 6371537
TI  - Update for the Canadian multicentre trial of cyclosporine in renal allografts.

PMID- 6371538
TI  - Anti-glucagon-cell and anti-adrenal-medullary-cell antibodies in islet-cell
      autoantibody-positive diabetic children.

PMID- 6371539
TI  - The Einstein sign: the clinical picture of acute cholecystitis caused by ruptured
      abdominal aortic aneurysm.

PMID- 6371541
TI  - Strain differentiation of pathogenic yeasts by the killer system.
AB  - High sensitivity rates to the activity of killer toxins produced by 25 species of
      yeasts belonging to the genera Candida, Hansenula, Pichia, Rhodotorula,
      Saccharomyces and Trichosporon have been observed among 112 yeast isolates (25
      Cryptococcus neoformans, 29 C. glabrata 16 C. parapsilosis, 20 C.
      pseudotropicalis and 22 C. tropicalis). The highest sensitivity has been observed
      among the C. parapsilosis isolates, the lowest in C. glabrata strains. Genera
      Pichia and Hansenula proved to have the greatest killer activity. A killer
      system, formerly used for differentiating C. albicans isolates within the
      species, proved to be valid as epidemiological marker when applied to 112 strains
      of pathogenic yeasts.

PMID- 6371540
TI  - Biochemical variation of Cryptococcus neoformans.
AB  - Ninety-seven strains of Cryptococcus neoformans and C. bacillisporus were
      examined for 44 biochemical characters and the results were analyzed numerically.
      One phenon emerged at the 86% level of similarity when strains were clustered
      according to their M-similarity values. All strains grew in ten carbon sources (D
      glucose, D-galactose, arbutin, maltose, sucrose, D-melezitose, D-xylose, D
      mannitol, D-glucitol, and meso-inositol), and also grew at 37 degrees C and
      produced urease and phenoloxidase. None of them grew in melibiose, lactose, nor
      valine, and none reduced nitrate to nitrite. Comparison of selected biochemical
      characters, creatinine utilization, and serotypes of 49 aberrant strains is
      presented. Forty-eight of the 97 strains produced the Filobasidiella state either
      alone or when paired with a strain of compatible mating-type. Filobasidiella
      neoformans serotypes A and D were interfertile with compatible mating-types of F.
      bacillispora serotypes B and C. The 44 biochemical characters and 4 serotypes did
      not predict barriers to mating competence. The present study further
      substantiates that Filobasidiella neoformans and F. bacillispora are one species.

PMID- 6371542
TI  - Studies in the differentiation between Microsporum ferrugineum Ota and
      Trichophyton soudanense Joyeux.
AB  - A study, conducted with 20 isolates of Microsporum ferrugineum and 12 isolates of
      Trichophyton soudanense, revealed that some of the discrepancies in the
      literature regarding their characteristics and differentiation were due to
      methodology, strain variation and the use of an insufficient number of isolates.
      We found all isolates of T. soudanense to be urease negative and gelatinase
      positive (usually by the first week); to produce brown to black colonies on
      Lowenstein-Jensen medium; to rapidly decompose casein and more slowly tyrosine;
      to grow well or better at 37 degrees C as compared to room temperature; to
      produce reflexive branching on cornmeal Tween agar and abundant microconidia on
      casero medium and to exhibit no sexual reaction with either mating type of
      arthroderma simii. All but one isolate demonstrated restricted growth on lactose
      agar and only three isolates perforated hair. In contrast, we found 18 of 20
      isolates of M. ferrugineum to be urease positive in urea broth (most isolates
      were negative on urea agar); all produced light-colored colonies on Lowenstein
      Jensen medium; spreading colonies on lactose agar and failed to perforate hair in
      vitro or to produce reflexive branching. Most isolates manifested poorer to no
      growth at 37 degrees C compared to room temperature and all but one failed to
      decompose casein and tyrosine. A few strains produced macroconidia and/or
      microconidia on casero medium and some reacted sexually with A. simii (a) (-)
      mating type. Gelatin hydrolysis was variable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6371543
TI  - Rapeseed: constituents and protein products. Part 3. Nutritional value of protein
      enriched products.
AB  - The review concerns the nutritional properties of protein preparations from
      Brassica seed with different species of animals. Special consideration is taken
      on the one side to the effect of feeding varieties with high and low
      glucosinolate content, on the other hand to the influence of technological
      treatment of this products.

PMID- 6371544
TI  - Plant inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes.
AB  - The presence of inhibitors of proteinases was stated in many species of plants.
      There are macropeptides of the molecular weight ranging from 3700 to 8000, often
      bound to carbohydrates. Potential sources of inhibitors of proteinases are
      legumes, cereals, potatoes and also some fruits. They are characterized by
      different activity. "Single-headed" inhibitors inhibit one type of proteolytic
      enzyme, when "double-headed" inhibitors, possessing two independent active sites,
      can inhibit several types of proteolytic enzymes at the same time. They also
      differ in the resistance to temperature and change of pH. The role and importance
      of inhibitors of proteinases is not exactly explained. They are used in the
      pharmaceutical, baking and beer-industry as well as in the therapy of numerous
      diseases.

PMID- 6371545
TI  - DNA-binding proteins.

PMID- 6371546
TI  - Signal sequence mutations disrupt feedback between secretion of an exported
      protein and its synthesis in E. coli.
AB  - Recent studies in a eukaryotic system indicate that a block in secretion can lead
      to a block in the translation of secretory proteins. This feedback on protein
      synthesis is thought to be a result of an interaction of the signal recognition
      particle with the signal sequences of nascent proteins. Genetic studies in the
      prokaryote Escherichia coli suggest that a complex secretion machinery and a
      similar feedback mechanism exist. In addition, mutations affecting two genes,
      secA and secC, thought to encode components of the bacterial secretion machinery,
      selectively interfere with the synthesis of exported proteins. This selective
      interference with translation may be a result of recognition by the secretion
      machinery of signal sequences. If so, alteration of the signal sequence of a
      particular protein by mutation should eliminate the block in synthesis for that
      protein. We show here that signal sequence mutants for an exported protein,
      maltose binding protein, prevent the block in synthesis of this protein in a secA
      mutant.

PMID- 6371548
TI  - Computer diagnoses.

PMID- 6371549
TI  - [Trouble with dentures].

PMID- 6371547
TI  - Carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds and their environmental significance.
AB  - A short review is given on the potent and organ-specific carcinogenic effects of
      N-nitroso compounds. Like many other chemical carcinogens, nitrosamino compounds
      require activation in vivo via enzymatic alpha-hydroxylation to form alkylating
      agents as ultimate carcinogens. Since no epidemiological data in man are
      available, extrapolation of animal data to man are important as well as dose
      response studies in risk evaluations. Important aspects of these problems are
      presented. Finally the environmental impact of N-nitroso compounds is summarized.

PMID- 6371550
TI  - [50 years of the Dutch Society for Cardiology or, the Netherlands, cradle of the
      electrocardiography].

PMID- 6371551
TI  - [A patient with a severe injury of the back of the hand following extravasation
      of doxorubicin].

PMID- 6371552
TI  - [Paraplegia syndrome following the use of co-trimoxazole].

PMID- 6371553
TI  - [Bone marrow transplantation in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia].

PMID- 6371554
TI  - [A simple method of treating pilonidal sinus].

PMID- 6371556
TI  - [The application of monoclonal antibodies in clinical medicine].

PMID- 6371555
TI  - [Incontinentia pigmenti (Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome)].

PMID- 6371557
TI  - [Bacillary dysentery (Shigella flexneri type 2) caused by shrimps].

PMID- 6371558
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 6371559
TI  - The evolution of nursing education in the U.S.

PMID- 6371560
TI  - The promise of enzymes in therapy of uremia. I. Theoretical basis--bowel
      physiology.

PMID- 6371561
TI  - Lack of effect of captopril on the sodium retention of the nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - The mechanism of sodium retention in the nephrotic syndrome remains
      controversial, though the classic pathophysiological explanation is stimulation
      of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Recent evidence has shown that many
      patients with the nephrotic syndrome have a normal or low plasma renin activity
      suggesting that there might be an intrarenal cause for their sodium retention. We
      gave captopril, an oral angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, during 10
      separate episodes of sodium retention in nephrotic syndrome. There was evidence
      of stimulation of the renin system in 7 of these episodes. Despite a marked fall
      in plasma aldosterone, all patients continued to retain sodium and water and gain
      weight. This demonstrates that the sodium retention of nephrotic syndrome is not
      due to stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, but must be due
      to some other mechanism, which is probably intrarenal.

PMID- 6371562
TI  - 'Decubitus' of renal graft on psoas muscle. Local changes of cortical thickness
      and function in the graft.
AB  - Using computerized tomography (CT scan), it was demonstrated that the renal
      cortex of the graft was thinner in the contact area with the psoas muscle than in
      the rest of the kidney and that its function in the local area appeared somewhat
      decreased. These findings might be related to the importance of the perirenal fat
      in shielding the kidney from mechanical pressure.

PMID- 6371563
TI  - Extrarenal arteriovenous fistula. An unusual complication of percutaneous renal
      transplant biopsy.
AB  - A percutaneous allograft biopsy in a renal transplant recipient with declining
      function was followed by haemorrhage from the external iliac artery requiring
      repair of the puncture site. A common iliac arteriogram performed subsequently
      showed an external iliac arteriovenous fistula. In retrospect, an isotope scan
      performed at 48 h post-transplant, showed the upper pole of the graft overlying
      the iliac vessels. To avoid such complications we recommend a careful assessment
      of the anatomical relationships of the transplant kidney to major blood vessels
      prior to biopsy.

PMID- 6371564
TI  - Immunosuppressive therapy and breast-feeding after renal transplantation.

PMID- 6371565
TI  - C9 deposits in renal tissue.

PMID- 6371566
TI  - The promise of enzymes in therapy of uremia. II. Theoretical basis--enzyme
      properties.

PMID- 6371567
TI  - [Transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary tumors: historical review and present
      trends].

PMID- 6371568
TI  - [Surgery of spina bifida].

PMID- 6371569
TI  - [Two cases of primary intracranial malignant lymphoma].
AB  - Two cases of primary intracranial malignant lymphoma are reported. Case 1 was a
      65-year-old female who was operated on for a left frontoparietal tumor in 1966 at
      our hospital, and the tumor was diagnosed as reticulum cell sarcoma
      histologically. Irradiation was also done. Thereafter, she had had no serious
      trouble except for slight right hemiparesis. In March of 1982, right hemiparesis
      became worse and disturbance of consciousness also appeared. CT scan and left
      carotid angiogram revealed a left fronto-temporoparietal tumor. Subtotal removal
      of the tumor was performed on the 1st of April. The tumor was diagnosed as
      malignant lymphoma, of large cell type. Chemotherapy was started postoperatively
      and marked decrease of enhanced area was observed in the CT scan taken on the 9th
      of July. But the patient showed melena and was diagnosed as having rectal
      adenocarcinoma histologically by biopsied specimen. Case 2 was a 48-year-old male
      who had been suffering from left facial palsy and vertigo since August, 1981.
      Those symptoms gradually progressed. On the 4th of December, he was admitted to
      our clinic. On admission, neurologically, multiple cranial nerve involvement was
      noticed such as of the IIIrd, IVth, Vth and VIth nerves bilaterally, and the
      VIIth, IXth, Xth and XIth cranial nerves on the left side. Right hemihypalgesia,
      thermohypesthesia, dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesis, and cerebellar taxia were also
      seen. CT scan and left vertebral angiogram revealed a tumor in the pons and IVth
      ventricle. On December 8th, suboccipital craniectomy was performed, but almost
      all of the tumor seemed growing under the floor of the IVth ventricle.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6371570
TI  - Effects of 17 beta-estradiol on LH-RH release from rat mediobasal hypothalamic
      slices.
AB  - Mediobasal hypothalamic slices of adult ovariectomized (OVX) rats treated or not
      with 17 beta-estradiol (E2) were superfused in buffered (pH 7.2) Locke medium
      containing bacitracin. A 6-min pulse of K+ (56 m M) was less effective in
      releasing luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) from mediobasal
      hypothalamic slices sampled from OVX rats than from OVX animals treated
      subcutaneously with either E2 or stilbestrol implants for 5 days; in contrast,
      the basal release of the neuropeptide was identical in both cases. Direct
      addition to the superfusion medium of 17 beta-estradiol (10(-10) to 10(-7) M) or
      stilbestrol (10(-8) M) potentiated the K+-induced LH-RH release from slices of
      OVX animals. The K+-induced LH-RH release observed after in vivo E2 implantation
      was not further amplified by in vitro addition of the hormone. Tamoxifen and
      hydroxytamoxifen, estrogen antagonists, were ineffective by themselves, but
      reversed the E2 facilitation of K+-evoked LH-RH release. In contrast, 17 alpha
      estradiol, progesterone, or cholesterol (10(-8) or 10(-9) M) hat no effect on
      either basal or stimulated release of the neurohormone. Somatostatin release
      measured under identical conditions was not affected by castration or by in vitro
      addition of the steroid. IN CONCLUSION: (1) estradiol appears selectively and
      specifically involved in the process coupling, nerve endings depolarization, and
      LH-RH release, and (2) the effect is receptor-mediated and does not appear to
      require nuclear translocation of the steroid or transcription processes, since it
      can be readily elicited upon addition of the hormone to nerve endings
      disconnected from their cell bodies.

PMID- 6371571
TI  - Influence of gonadoliberin on the differentiation of rat gonadotrophs: an in vivo
      and in vitro study.
AB  - The influence of gonadoliberin (GnRH) on the differentiation of rat gonadotrophs
      in early fetal life was studied both in vivo and in vitro by immunocytology with
      anti-porcine luteinizing hormone beta (pLH beta) serum. Adenohypophysial
      primordia explanted from 11 to 13 days of gestation were maintained in organ
      culture in synthetic Parker's 199 medium enriched with insulin (0.5 microgram/ml)
      and transferrin (5 micrograms/ml). Cultures lasted to approximate the usual
      gestation period (21 days). Synthetic GnRH (10(-9) or 10(-12) M) was added to the
      culture medium during the first day of culture only. In contrast to a previous
      report, immunoreactive cells were detected in the primordia explanted either at
      11 or 12 days of gestation only when cultured in the presence of GnRH. The
      appearance of positive localization was seen by 17 days. No differences due to
      GnRH dosage were observed in the mean cytoplasmic area of the cells in the
      different experimental groups as seen at the equivalent of 21 days. GnRH was not
      effective in a medium deprived of insulin. GnRH, added 6 h before the end of the
      culture, could also release the secretory product of gonadotrophs which recently
      developed the presence of immunoreactive pLH beta material. In these conditions,
      GnRH was shown to enter the cells as observed by immunocytochemistry on sections
      obtained after cryoultramicrotomy. Endogenous GnRH was also detected by the same
      technique in fetal pituitary glands removed from 14 to 21 days of gestation. It
      was always localized in agranular cells and from 18 days in some granular cells
      considered as gonadotrophs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6371572
TI  - The role of thyroid hormone deiodination in the regulation of hypothalamo
      pituitary function.
AB  - There is extensive deiodinative metabolism of thyroxine (T4) in thyroid hormone
      target organs, including the pituitary and brain. In both rat and man, most of
      the 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) in the body is produced outside the thyroid
      gland by deiodination of T4. T3 is the principal active form of thyroid hormone
      within cells. In the rat, there are at least three enzymatic iodothyronine
      deiodinating pathways which can be distinguished by kinetics and substrate and
      inhibitor specificities. Two of these (types I and II) can convert T4 to T3. The
      third pathway (type III) converts T4 to the inactive reverse-T3 and T3 to an
      inactive diiodothyronine. Both the anterior pituitary and the brain produce most
      of their intracellular T3 locally, by the type-II pathway. Type-III activity is
      present throughout the brain, but not in the anterior pituitary. Studies in the
      rat, using the deiodination inhibitor iopanoic acid, show that the capacities of
      T4 to inhibit thyrotropin release and stimulate growth hormone synthesis require
      conversion of T4 to T3 in the pituitary. Studies in man strongly suggest that the
      same is true in the human adenohypophysis, and a syndrome in man of a deficiency
      in this process possibly exists. The hypothalamus exhibits some responses to
      thyroid hormone, including changes in somatostatin and substance P content and
      changes in activities of type-II and III deiodination. The mechanism(s) of action
      of thyroid hormone in the hypothalamus, and in the brain in general, are not yet
      well understood.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6371574
TI  - Familiarization session and placebo control in EEG studies of drug effects.
AB  - The need for a familiarization session and for a placebo session for each subject
      in pharmaco-EEG studies was examined. The data from 18 crossover studies of 22
      substances at 33 doses in 112 subjects was used: 371 drug sessions, 195 placebo
      sessions and 53 familiarization sessions. The left occipital to vertex signal was
      quantified using power spectral density analyses. EEG changes under different
      conditions were compared using the spectral difference index. Less EEG change
      from baseline was found after placebo in the first session than after placebo in
      later sessions. Drug effects were defined by comparisons to placebo effects in
      the same subjects (related samples analyses) and to placebo effects in other
      subjects in the data base (independent samples analyses). Decisions using the two
      analyses were in accord for 27 substance doses: 20 were found active, 7 inactive.
      For one substance, the related samples analysis indicated drug activity, while
      the independent samples analysis did not (just below criterion). For five other
      substances, the related samples analyses did not distinguish drug and placebo
      sessions, while the independent samples analyses showed lesser EEG changes after
      drug than after placebo. First-session findings support the need for a
      familiarization session in pharmaco-EEG studies. Placebo findings indicate that
      past placebo session data are adequate for deciding whether a drug has CNS
      activity, without the necessity of a placebo session for each subject.

PMID- 6371573
TI  - Evidence that central dopamine receptors modulate sympathetic neuronal activity
      to the adrenal medulla to alter glucoregulatory mechanisms.
AB  - Previous reports suggest that analogs of dopamine (DA) can produce hyperglycemia
      in rats by interacting with DA receptors. Experiments reported here indicate the
      site of action and describe the metabolic sequalae associated with the
      hyperglycemic effect of apomorphine (APO), produced in conscious unrestrained
      rats. Apomorphine was more potent when administered by intracerebroventricular
      (i.c.v.) injection than when given subcutaneously (s.c.). Very small doses of the
      DA receptor antagonist pimozide, given intraventricularly, blocked the
      hyperglycemic effect of apomorphine administered subcutaneously. Sectioning of
      the spinal cord at thoracic vertebra T1-2 or sectioning the greater splanchnic
      nerve blocked apomorphine-induced hyperglycemia; whereas section of the superior
      colliculus or section at T5-6 had no effect. A dose of apomorphine or epinephrine
      (EPI) producing a similar degree of hyperglycemia elevated the concentration of
      EPI in serum to a similar degree, and the increase in EPI in serum preceded the
      increase in glucose in serum. Fasting animals for 2 or 18 hr had no significant
      effect on EPI- or apomorphine-induced hyperglycemia despite a reduction (91-93%)
      of the glycogen content of liver and skeletal muscle during the 18 hr fast. 5
      Methoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (MICA), an inhibitor of gluconeogenesis, blocked
      EPI- and apomorphine-induced hyperglycemia in rats fasted for 18 hr. However, 5
      methoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid was ineffective in blocking hyperglycemia in
      animals fasted for 2 hr. Changes in insulin or glucagon in serum alone cannot
      account for the hyperglycemic action of apomorphine. These data demonstrate that
      apomorphine interacts with central DA receptors located in the hindbrain to
      activate sympathetic neuronal activity to the adrenal gland which subsequently
      releases epinephrine to alter homeostasis of glucose. Epinephrine may then,
      depending on the nutritional status, facilitate glycogenolytic or gluconeogenic
      processes to produce hyperglycemia.

PMID- 6371575
TI  - Treatment of the organic brain syndrome in the elderly. A double-blind comparison
      on the effects of a neurotropic drug and placebo.
AB  - 100 inpatients of both sexes, most of them older than 65 years and suffering from
      symptoms of the organic brain syndrome (OBS), primarily associated with aging
      were included in a 6-week double-blind study. Patients were randomly assigned to
      two treatment groups of 50 patients each and received either a neurotropic drug
      (3 X 200 mg EMD 21657) or placebo coated tablets of identical appearance.
      Patients were evaluated at the beginning of the study and after 6 weeks of
      treatment using a physician's symptom rating, the Nurses' Observation Scale for
      Inpatient Evaluation ( NOSIE ), EEG, and a psychometric test battery to assess
      level of mental and memory functioning ( Rey test, Benton visual retention test,
      block design test by Kohs ). At the final assessment global response and overall
      tolerance were rated by the physician. The therapeutic effects of EMD 21657 were
      shown to be statistically significant compared to placebo in global response (p
      less than or equal to 0.05), in the factor 'cognitive disturbances' (p less than
      or equal to 0.05 doctor's symptom rating) and in the negative factors of the
      NOSIE (p less than or equal to 0.05). In the other parameters of the scales, the
      EEG and the mental ability tests no statistically significant changes could be
      demonstrated in the two groups after 6 weeks of treatment. The drugs were well
      tolerated. EMD 21657 treatment was interrupted because of side effects (increased
      aggressiveness, rash) in 2 cases.

PMID- 6371576
TI  - Delta sleep-inducing peptide in the rat brain: an immunohistological microscopic
      study.
AB  - The authors have developed a method which makes it possible, for the first time,
      to visualize the delta sleep-inducing peptide in histological preparations and
      study it under the light and fluorescence microscope. Their research builds on
      Monnier 's discovery, in 1963, of a humoral hypnogenic factor in rabbits which
      was subsequently isolated and identified as a nonapeptide. Dubbed delta sleep
      inducing peptide (DSIP), this factor was later detected in rat brain by
      radioimmunoassay but has eluded histological visualization until recently. In
      their work, the authors used an anti-DSIP antiserum suitable for
      immunohistological purposes. Two indirect immunohistological methods (PAP and
      immunofluorescence) allowed them to visualize, for the first time, structures
      containing specific DSIP-like immunoreactivity in some areas of the rat brain:
      indusium griseum, nucleus septi lateralis, hippocampus, striae longitudinales of
      Lancisi , bandeletta diagnalis of Broca, pallidum, hypothalamus, hypophysis and
      neocortex. Some DSIP pathways seem likely: (1) indusium griseum - striae
      longitudinales - hippocampus; (2) nucleus septi lateralis - striae longitudinales
      , bandeletta diagonalis - hippocampus; (3) neurons of the pyramidal layer of the
      hippocampus - gyrus dentatus; (4) pallidum - commissura of Ganser - hypothalamus.
      The possible correlations between DSIP neurons and neurons with other
      neurotransmitters are discussed. In preliminary clinical trials, DSIP has shown
      promise for the treatment of insomnia and the opiate and alcohol withdrawal
      syndromes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6371577
TI  - Effects of electrostimulation and destruction of thalamic median center in
      patients with akinetic forms of parkinsonism.

PMID- 6371578
TI  - Cochleomeatal scintigraphy--a new tool in modern neuroradiological diagnosis of
      acoustic neuroma.
AB  - Cochleomeatal scintigraphy (CMS) and CT or air CT cisternography are today the
      methods of choice for the detection or exclusion of a neuro-otologically suspect
      acoustic neuroma. Whereas CT as a morphological method of investigation provides
      better preoperative information, CMS is likely to be superior to CT as a
      functional investigation technique in relapse diagnosis.

PMID- 6371579
TI  - Localization of neurons containing immunoreactive delta sleep-inducing peptide in
      the rat brain: an immunocytochemical study.
AB  - Delta sleep-inducing peptide has been found in the peripheral circulation of
      animals entering slow-wave, or delta, sleep. An antiserum to this peptide was
      used to localize immunoreactive-like delta sleep-inducing peptide in the rat
      brain. The peptide was shown to have a rather widespread distribution. In the
      forebrain, the majority of these neurons were found to extend in a continuous
      rostral-caudal band in the ventral one-third of the brain from the primary
      olfactory cortex to the lateral hypothalamus. Neurons were also present in the
      basal ganglia, amygdala, septum, and thalamus. In the brainstem, the neurons were
      widespread and associated with the reticular formation, raphe nuclei, nuclei of
      the trigeminal complex, several auditory nuclei--nuclei of the lateral lemniscus,
      cochlear nuclei, and inferior colliculus--, cerebellum, locus ceruleus,
      periventricular gray, and vagal and hypoglossal nuclei. Immunoreactive fibers
      were, in general, difficult to demonstrate; they were seen mainly in the vicinity
      of the third ventricle and near blood vessels. The function of delta sleep
      inducing peptide is unknown and its role in sleep is still under investigation.
      The distribution of delta sleep-inducing peptide in the present study suggests
      that the peptide is a component of several systems--arousal, locomotion,
      auditory, visual and sensory--both somatic and vestibular. The widespread
      distribution of the peptide, the lack of demonstrable immunoreactive fiber
      tracts, and the presence of these neurons in areas known to contain aminergic and
      peptidergic neurons, raises the possibility that neurons containing delta sleep
      inducing peptide may exert their effect by projecting directly into blood vessels
      and/or interacting with neurons in their immediate vicinity.

PMID- 6371580
TI  - Enkephalin-like immunoreactivity within the telencephalon of the reptile Caiman
      crocodilus.
AB  - Immunohistochemical methods were used to characterize the distribution of
      staining for leucine enkephalin-like and methionine enkephalin-like
      immunoreactivities in the telencephalon of Caiman crocodilus. Very similar
      distributions of both leucine enkephalin-like and methionine enkephalin-like
      immunoreactivity were observed. The greatest accumulations of enkephalin-like
      immunoreactive material were observed within the ventrolateral area of the
      telencephalon, a region considered comparable to the mammalian corpus striatum
      and avian paleostriatal complex (i.e. basal ganglia) on the basis of
      embryological, anatomical and histochemical criteria. Within the ventrolateral
      area, many small immunoreactive neuron cell bodies were observed, particularly
      within the rostromedial small-celled component of the ventrolateral telencephalic
      area. A rich plexus of fibers displaying enkephalin-like immunoreactivity invests
      the entire ventrolateral area including the large-celled subdivision. A system of
      thick, coarse, radially-directed immunoreactive fibers running between medial and
      dorsal portions of the ventrolateral area and more ventral portions was observed
      in this study. Other structures in the caiman telencephalon, containing large
      numbers of neural elements displaying enkephalin-like immunoreactivity, were the
      ventral paleostriatum (a region considered comparable to the ventral pallidum of
      mammals), the lateral septal nucleus and the nucleus accumbens. The corticoid
      areas contained far fewer elements displaying enkephalin-like immunoreactivity,
      although immunoreactive fibers and cell bodies were observed within the medial,
      dorsal and lateral corticoid areas, particularly at caudal levels. The dorsal
      ventricular ridge contains the lowest number of immunoreactive cells and fibers
      of any structure within the caiman telencephalon although occasional neurons
      displaying enkephalin-like immunoreactivity were encountered in the dorsal
      ventricular ridge. The results are compared to the distribution of enkephalin
      within the cerebral hemispheres of mammals, birds and other reptiles.

PMID- 6371581
TI  - Ontogeny of enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the rat hippocampus.
AB  - The postnatal development of leucine5-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity within the
      hippocampal formation of the rat has been analyzed using immunocytochemical
      techniques. From the day of birth to postnatal day three, no intrinsic
      hippocampal elements exhibit immunoreactivity although labeled axons are found
      within the fimbria, within the alveus, and in the vicinity of the angular bundle.
      On postnatal day 4, a few immunoreactive hippocampal neurons can be seen in
      stratum radiatum of the region CA3 and by postnatal day 8, within the hilus,
      strata pyramidale and oriens of regio superior, and the subiculum. There is a
      dramatic increase in the incidence of immunoreactive perikarya between postnatal
      days 8 and 10 in all fields as well as the appearance of labeled neurons in CA1
      stratum pyramidale and stratum granulosum of the dentate gyrus. Two days after
      the first appearance of immunoreactive perikarya, intensely immunoreactive
      neurons, labeled much more extensively than is ever seen in the adult, are
      encountered in each subfield of the hippocampus. The spatio-temporal order in
      both the emergence of perikaryal immunoreactivity and the transient appearance of
      intensely immunoreactive neurons follows that of neurogenesis, with
      immunoreactivity developing 12-14 days after the peak period of last cell
      division for a given hippocampal region. The incidence of immunoreactive
      perikarya in the dentate gyrus was quantified in rat pups ranging from postnatal
      days 8 to 19. The appearance of labeled neurons followed the spatio-temporal
      gradients that have been described for neurogenesis in this region as well.
      Immunoreactive perikarya emerged in the suprapyramidal stratum granulosum prior
      to their emergence in the infrapyramidal zone and in the temporal pole of the
      dentate earlier than in the mid-dorsoventral dentate. The lateral perforant path
      and mossy fiber axons, seen to exhibit enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the
      adult hippocampal formation, differ in their relative maturity at the age
      immunoreactivity first appears. Immunoreactivity appears as early as postnatal
      day 4 in the lateral perforant path, an age at which these axons are just growing
      into their target field while it is not found within the mossy fibers until after
      postnatal day 10, an age at which mossy fiber bouton elaboration is well advanced
      and physiologically competent mossy fiber synapses with the regio inferior
      pyramidal cells have been established. The latter observation indicates that
      enkephalin is not necessary for synaptic transmission at the mossy fiber synapse.

PMID- 6371582
TI  - Distribution of serotonin-immunoreactivity in juvenile Aplysia.
AB  - Serotonin-immunocytochemistry has been applied to whole mounts of the central
      nervous system and of several peripheral tissues from stage 12 juvenile Aplysia
      californica. The small size of animals at this stage permits visualization of the
      three-dimensional distribution of structures containing serotonin
      immunoreactivity in unsectioned tissues. Many neuronal cell bodies are stained in
      addition to the giant cerebral neuron of the cerebral ganglion and cells in the
      RB cluster of the abdominal ganglia which previously had been characterized
      biochemically and pharmacologically as being serotoninergic. Neuronal cell
      bodies, both in central ganglia and in the wall of the gut, are encircled by
      plexuses of serotoninergic varicosities. The neuropil of ganglia and the eye also
      contain fine, immunoreactive axons bearing varicosities. Intraganglionic
      connectives and nerves contain many stout fluorescent axons. Serotoninergic
      varicosities are also observed in the connective tissue sheath surrounding
      central ganglia and nerves, as well as in heart and body muscle, blood vessels
      and gut.

PMID- 6371583
TI  - Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase in the rat brain: immunocytochemical
      localization in neurons of the brain stem.
AB  - Neurons containing the enzyme aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase were
      immunocytochemically localized in the brain stem of the rat. The enzyme occurred
      as expected in previously well characterized monoaminergic cell groups, and in
      addition in some nuclei with unknown neurotransmitters. Major aggregates of
      neurons that were immunoreactive for aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase but
      contained neither tyrosine hydroxylase nor serotonin, were found in the pretectal
      nuclei, the lateral parabrachial nucleus, and the dorsolateral subdivision of the
      nucleus tractus solitarius. Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase was also present
      in serotonin neurons and the majority of catecholamine cell groups. Dopamine,
      noradrenaline, and adrenaline cells exhibited characteristic staining intensities
      to anti-aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase reflective of relative enzyme levels
      in the different groups. Some cells in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus that
      were previously classified as dopaminergic lacked immunoreactivity to aromatic L
      amino acid decarboxylase.

PMID- 6371584
TI  - Distribution of neurones containing DOPA decarboxylase and dopamine-beta
      hydroxylase in some sympathetic ganglia of the dog: a quantitative study.
AB  - Using a technique by which binding sites for two antibodies can be visualized in
      single tissue sections, we have studied the distribution of neurones containing
      DOPA decarboxylase-like and dopamine beta-hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity in
      ganglia of dog sympathetic chain. Three types of neurones could be distinguished:
      those that contained both enzymes, and were presumably noradrenergic; those that
      contained neither enzyme, and were presumably not catecholaminergic; and a group
      that contained DOPA decarboxylase but lacked dopamine beta-hydroxylase. The
      numbers of cells of each type were counted in serially-sectioned ganglia from
      regions of the sympathetic chain thought to contain dopaminergic neurones (T12-L1
      and L7-S2). The percentages of total cell numbers contributed by the DOPA
      decarboxylase-positive, dopamine beta-hydroxylase-negative cells in these regions
      were similar to the estimates of dopaminergic neurone numbers that can be made
      from previously obtained biochemical data. Our results are consistent with the
      presence of dopaminergic neurons in regions of the paravertebral chain supplying
      the kidney and the distal hindlimb.

PMID- 6371585
TI  - A fast and reliable celloidin-paraffin embedding technique for yolked amphibian
      embryos.

PMID- 6371586
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of chemically skinned bovine adrenal medullary
      chromaffin cells.

PMID- 6371587
TI  - [Thick sections of large Epon-embedded tissue specimens for combined light and
      electron microscopy studies].

PMID- 6371588
TI  - Neurosurgically relevant aspects of pathology and pathogenesis of intracranial
      and intraspinal tuberculosis.
AB  - In view of the persisting high prevalence (though somewhat reduced compared to 20
      years ago) of various forms of neurotuberculosis , especially in economically
      underpriviledged and undernourished urban paediatric populations of the world,
      some aspects of the neuropathology relevant to neurosurgeons, are briefly
      presented and discussed. The most conspicuous of these is the development of
      brain tuberculomas, which act as both space-occupying and inflammatory masses
      that result in severe oedema or direct destruction of brain parenchyma. The
      cellular reaction in the border zone of these tuberculomas is identical to that
      in tuberculous meningitis and consists of specialized large mononuclear cells-the
      epitheloid cells-which undertake a phagocytic function and also fuse with one
      another to form giant cells, as seen by both light and electron microscopy. These
      cells together with others like lymphocytes and plasma cells, also infiltrate the
      walls of small blood vessels, constituting vasculitis, and these vessels may
      undergo necrosis, in both the intracranial (mainly basal) and spinal
      leptomeningeal exudate. The latter is more frequent in young adults than in
      children, and may be the primary event in the CNS or secondary to extension
      downwards of the basal meningitis. The quantity and nature of the spinal exudate
      vary in duration and severity, the more common being extensively "tubular" and
      subacute, producing radiculopathy and myelopathy by compression of these
      structures, and rarely infiltration. The damage to the cord, mainly the white
      matter, occurs through oedema and ischaemia, rather than frank infarction, the
      larger arteries being rarely involved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6371589
TI  - Diagnosis and neurosurgical treatment of tuberculous disease of the CNS.
AB  - The tuberculoma is a space-occupying lesion encountered frequently by all Indian
      Neurosurgeons. Some features indicate the possibility of such a lesion. These
      are: tuberculous disease in the past or contact with a tuberculous patient, a
      positive Mantoux test, pyrexial onset of the disease and frequent history of
      seizures. The radiological features are not diagnostic, but the presence of
      multiple, enhancing lesions on the CT scan in a young patient, strongly suggest
      tuberculomas. Surgical excision of the lesion is recommended, partial near vital
      areas, and sometimes, with tuberculomas in areas like the thalamus and brain stem
      only medical therapy is advisable. Long-term medical treatment is necessary.
      Towards eradication of the disease all those close to the patient need to be
      examined for early detection of asymptomatic tuberculosis.

PMID- 6371590
TI  - Cerebral cysticercosis.
AB  - Cerebral cysticercosis is the result of infestation of the brain with the larval
      stage of the intestinal tape worm Taenia Solium. The disease, endemic in some
      parts of the world, especially Mexico, South America, India, Eastern Europe, is
      still encountered practically all over the world. There appear to be distinct
      geographical variations not only in the incidence but also the pattern of the
      disease. The commonly accepted modes of infection do not stand a critical
      analysis of available epidemiological data. The brain is a site of predilection
      for this infestation, where it results in meningeal racemose, parenchymatous
      ventricular or mixed types of lesions. It may thus produce meningo-encephalitis,
      granulomatous meningitis, ependymitis , focal granulomas, solitary or multiple
      parenchymatous cysts, hydrocephalus or a combination of these. Clinically its
      manifestations are protean and often perplexing, consisting, either alone or in
      combination, of raised intracranial pressure, focal or multifocal or generalized
      epileptic seizures, signs and symptoms of a focal mass lesion, hydrocephalus or
      chronic meningo-encephalitis. Important features of the disease are remissions
      and recurrences. Laboratory diagnostic investigations are generally unrewarding,
      there being so far, no single completely reliable test. Recent CAT scan studies
      have been helpful but not always diagnostic. There is no known medical treatment.
      Excision of a solitary parenchymatous or intraventricular lesion provides
      gratifying results but the management of diffuse lesions, presenting with raised
      intracranial pressure ("pseudo-tumour") is often frustrating. Extensive bilateral
      decompression, with or without an additional thecoperitoneal shunt, is helpful in
      some of these cases.

PMID- 6371591
TI  - Radiology--including computed tomography--of parasitic diseases of the central
      nervous system.
AB  - Neurocysticercosis is the commonest parasitic infection seen in India.
      Echinococcus is rare. In cysticercosis multiple diffuse cystic parenchymal
      lesions predominate in the East, whereas multiple diffuse basal racemose ones
      predominate in the West. Because of their protean and varied clinical picture,
      each patient in the past had at least two contrast studies and some even three
      such studies, before the availability of the CT scan. Angiographic evidence of
      arteritis and infarcts is documented in the Mexican studies and not seen in the
      Indian studies. Air studies reveal atrophy of brain parenchyma with demonstration
      of large cysts, intraventricular or basal. Small diffuse cysts are rarely
      demonstrated on these studies. CT has proved to be a boon in separating the
      various pathological groups. The diffuse parenchymal group shows an image
      morphology of throttled ventricles with or without high attenuating sago grain
      lesions. This is pathognomonic in endemic areas. The CT image of the localized
      parenchymal lesions is non-specific and can be mistaken for granulomas, abscesses
      or tumour. The intraventricular group and basal racemose forms give rise to
      oozing ventricles with obstructive of communicating hydrocephalus and
      disproportionate enlargement of the aqueduct and fourth ventricle in the acute
      stage. The cyst itself is not seen separate from the CSF in the ventricles. The
      disease runs a prolonged course of relapses and remissions leading to parenchymal
      atrophy and calcification of the intracranial and soft tissue cysts. The
      incidence and morphology of calcification varies in different parts of the world
      from 2.8% in India to 39% in Mexico and 71% in Los Angeles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6371592
TI  - Pathology and pathogenesis of predilective sites of nerve damage in leprous
      neuritis. Nerves in the arm and the face.
AB  - A very brief review of the literature on the clinicopathological aspects of
      leprosy is given; mainly through references. The salient features of the two main
      types of leprosy--tuberculoid and lepromatous--are presented in a Table. The
      surgical and pathological findings are briefly described and the pathogenesis of
      involvement of the facial nerve (a motor nerve) is discussed. On the basis of (i)
      the severe histopathologic changes (degeneration) of the most distal part of the
      zygomatic branch of the facial nerve (innervating the orbicularis oculi), with
      sparing of the roots of all branches and the trunk of the nerve; (ii) the
      concurrent loss of cutaneous sensations in the territory of the maxillary
      division of the trigeminal nerve (the region of the zygoma and the lower eyelid);
      and (iii) the close approximation or even anastomoses occurring between the
      ultimate branches of these two nerves, it is postulated that paralysis of
      orbicularis oculi occurs secondarily to the sensory nerve damage, i.e. due to
      spread of infection from the sensory branches of the trigeminal to the motor
      branches of the facial nerve. The surgical and pathological findings of the
      nerves in the arm, especially the ulnar and the median and their branches are
      described, in tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy. The forms of nerve
      degeneration, the occasional axon regeneration, and the role of the Schwann cell
      in harbouring the bacilli, are illustrated. The lysosomal enzyme activity in the
      Schwann cells of nerve fibres, particularly of unmyelinated fibres which
      preferentially phagocytose the M. leprae, and their role, albeit not very
      successful, in degrading the bacilli and controlling the infection, are also
      stressed, through light and electronmicrographs. The constellation of secondary
      factors of the terrain operating to produce further damage to primarily diseased
      nerves, is discussed. These factors include indirect compression from unyielding
      fibroosseous tissues, minor traumata, stretching of the nerves, and their
      exposure to lower temperatures in subcutaneous tissues.

PMID- 6371593
TI  - Dural sinus and cerebral venous thrombosis.
AB  - Eighty patients with 'primary' dural sinus and cerebral venous thrombosis were
      seen over a period of 16 years. There was an equal distribution amongst the sexes
      and the largest number of patients presented in the third decade. The commonest
      predisposing factors were puerperium, pregnancy, synthetic steroid contraceptives
      and anaemia. Seventy patients presented in an acute fashion with headache, focal
      or generalized seizures and focal neurological deficits. Ten patients presented
      in a subacute to chronic manner, with features to suggest an intracerebral space
      occupying lesion. The investigation of choice was angiography. Thirty-five
      patients were treated conservatively with anticonvulsants, low molecular weight
      dextran and anti-oedema measures. Anti-coagulants were not used for fear of
      haemorrhage in the associated red infarcts. Antibiotics were not needed as
      infection played no part in the pathogenesis. Thirty-four patients needed an
      operation which took the form of a decompressive craniotomy and dural closure
      with the aid of a pericranial graft. The conservatively treated group appeared to
      fare better only because it included patients with a milder ictus. Forty patients
      improved, three remained unchanged and 37 expired. Autopsy in the 35 of the 37
      patients showed cortical vein and sinus thrombosis and oedema with a haemorrhagic
      infarct. Long term follow-up showed good recovery of neurological function, but
      epilepsy was a troublesome sequel and needs regular anti-epileptic drug
      treatment.

PMID- 6371594
TI  - Neurosurgery in India.
AB  - This is a brief account of Neurosurgery in India. Prior to 1949, Neurosurgery was
      being practised by General Surgeons. With the return of Professor Jacob Chandy to
      the Christian Medical College, Vellore in 1949 modern neurosurgery was born and
      progressed, and today there are more than 180 neurosurgeons in India. Even so,
      the ratio works out to one neurosurgeon for every 3,600,000 individuals!
      Conditions commonly encountered such as hydrocephalus, craniovertebral anomalies,
      pyogenic, fungal and tuberculous infections of the central nervous system, and
      fluorosis are being discussed. Stereotaxic surgery for pain, epilepsy, behaviour
      disorders and involuntary movements is being practised at several centres
      especially at Madras. Following the workshops conducted by Professor Pia and his
      co-worker Professor Grote , enthusiasm for microneurosurgery has waxed.

PMID- 6371596
TI  - Medicare's financial status: how did we get here?
AB  - Medicare's financial problems are rooted in the program's history--from the
      initial cost-estimating process through successive legislative and administrative
      actions to control costs. Even more important has been the persistence of several
      implicit national health care policies, and these are unlikely to change.
      Frequent readjustments of financing provisions may become a necessity.

PMID- 6371595
TI  - Modern treatment of the symptomatic os odontoideum.
AB  - A new surgical procedure for treatment of congenital, symptomatic atlanto-axial
      instability (os odontoideum ) is described. Two metallic clamps, with an
      integrated inner spring for maintaining continuous pressure on a cortico
      cancellous bone-graft implanted into the interlaminar space, are fixed
      posteriorly on the vertebral arches C1/2 next to the graft. Because of the
      initial solid segment-stability external fixation is unnecessary. Posterior
      interlaminar osteosynthesis prevents late neurological complications caused by a
      mobile os odontoideum .

PMID- 6371598
TI  - How should Medicare pay physicians?
AB  - Medicare's system of paying physicians is criticized as being costly,
      inflationary , inefficient, inequitable , and confusing. Yet when alternative
      methods--to change practice arrangements, units of service, fee levels, and the
      assignment option--are examined, no one seems ideal. A fee-for-service system
      combined with a prospective payment schedule may offer the best compromise.

PMID- 6371597
TI  - On the use of vouchers for Medicare.
AB  - Some appealing aspects of a voucher program--promise of promoting efficiency
      while respecting individual preference, and capping federal expenditures--may be
      illusory. Adverse selection, administrative and regulatory complexity, and
      serious inequities are not likely to meet tests of feasibility or desirability.

PMID- 6371599
TI  - Comment on "Medicare financing reform: a new Medicare premium".
AB  - Concern for equity of financing among the elderly must not ignore questions of
      equity between the needs of Medicare beneficiaries and those of the nonelderly .
      Modest income-related cost-sharing, combined with the merger advocated, might
      improve fairness , efficiency, and coverage. But fundamental reform must involve
      new tax policies.

PMID- 6371600
TI  - Alternative Medicare financing sources.
AB  - Medicare is financed principally by taxes--some of which burden the general
      population and others the elderly beneficiaries. Proposals to adjust these
      revenue sources are evaluated for equity, efficiency, stability, and
      administrative costs. A package is offered to redistribute the tax burden among
      all groups; it may also be good health policy.

PMID- 6371602
TI  - [Cardiopulmonary transplant. Aspects of the surgical technic].

PMID- 6371601
TI  - [Alcohol and the cardiovascular system. Recent findings].

PMID- 6371603
TI  - [Closed hemorrhoidectomy as the surgical treatment of 3d and 4th grade
      hemorrhoids].

PMID- 6371605
TI  - [Humorous pages by a whimsical ship's doctor, Ezzelino Magli].

PMID- 6371604
TI  - [Controlled clinical experimentation with the analgesic 1,2-diphenyl-1
      dimethylaminoethane hydrochloride].

PMID- 6371606
TI  - The Dionne quintuplets legacy: establishing the "good doctor and his loyal nurse"
      image in American culture.

PMID- 6371607
TI  - Manganese deficiency and toxicity: effects on carbohydrate metabolism in the rat.
AB  - Although manganese deficiency and manganese toxicity both have pathological
      consequences, the underlying biochemical lesions have not been well defined.
      Manganese is involved in carbohydrate metabolism; either deficiency or excess
      results in abnormal carbohydrate metabolism. Clinical studies have shown that
      patients with chronic manganism have hypoglycemia following a glucose load. One
      report has been published of a diabetic patient who responded to oral manganese
      with a consistent drop in blood glucose. Rats fed a manganese deficient diet
      respond to an oral glucose load with a diabetic type of glucose tolerance curve.
      Insulin release from the pancreas of manganese deficient animals in response to a
      glucose stimulus is lower than controls. Reduced insulin output occurs in both
      the first phase (release of stored hormone) and second phase (release of stored
      and newly synthesized hormone) of insulin output. Thus dietary manganese
      deficiency can result in abnormal insulin production producing impaired
      carbohydrate metabolism. Manganese toxicity also affects carbohydrate metabolism.
      Rats given intraperitoneal injections of high levels of manganese show a rapid
      hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia, followed by a reactionary hypoglycemia. The
      changes in blood glucose and blood insulin levels correlated with changes in
      liver and pancreatic manganese concentrations, suggesting that some of the
      effects of manganese on carbohydrate metabolism may be due to a direct effect on
      insulin release and gluconeogenesis.

PMID- 6371608
TI  - A rambling bullet.

PMID- 6371609
TI  - Compound X given intravenously. On the history of the nitrogen mustards.

PMID- 6371610
TI  - Autumn--the season for post-streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis in New
      Zealand.
AB  - Post-streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis, which may follow either
      streptococcal throat or skin infection, continues to be prevalent among New
      Zealand school children. Group A streptococci were cultured from 41 patients with
      acute glomerulonephritis between 1978 and 1983. The skin was the predominant site
      of infection (68%). Streptococci belonging to major pyoderma-associated
      nephritogenic serotypes 49, 57 and 60 accounted for 19/30 (63%) M-typable
      isolates. A seasonal peak in hospital admissions was observed during the months
      April, May and June. From April to July peak rates for streptococcal skin
      infection also occurred during a one year community study. In this study group A
      streptococci were recovered from 83% of skin lesions. The predominance of
      pyoderma-associated nephritogenic serotypes among acute glomerulonephritis
      patients and their relative absence in uncomplicated skin infection implies an
      association with acute glomerulonephritis. We believe that streptococcal skin
      infection may be an important factor in the epidemiology of acute
      glomerulonephritis in New Zealand.

PMID- 6371611
TI  - Sexual differentiation.

PMID- 6371612
TI  - Breastfeeding.

PMID- 6371613
TI  - Regional anesthesia.

PMID- 6371615
TI  - The endometrial hyperplasias.

PMID- 6371614
TI  - The circumcision controversy: an update.
AB  - One constructive feature has come out of all of the circumcision controversy. It
      has made us aware that neonatal circumcision is not a simple procedure and that
      it should not be regarded as "routine." It is a surgical procedure and it should
      be taught as one. The authors of this article wrote a review article on
      circumcision in 1981 and Dr. Grossman has recently published a book designed to
      teach proper circumcision technique, and to familiarize the operator with the
      common congenital anomalies as well as the prevention and treatment of the
      complications of circumcision. The advocacy of neonatal circumcision cannot be
      considered as a cut and dried issue. For some, it has an absolute religious
      indication, which transcends current medical logic. For others the available
      facts still allow for a decision based on one's perception of those facts. If one
      has the perception that there is value in improving local hygiene, or that the
      loss of the prepuce will allow for an earlier discovery of a penile lesion, or
      that circumcision actually does cause a decrease in the incidence of penile or
      cervical cancer, or group conformity is important, then one might well advocate
      neonatal circumcision. If, however, one sees the potential values as
      insignificant in light of the lack of hard data relating circumcision to penile
      or cervical cancer, and that if one is concerned with the "rape of the phallus,"
      then one is against routine neonatal circumcision. But, this individual must be
      aware that a small percentage of males will need a circumcision at a later time
      in life, when technical and psychological problems may lead to an increased
      morbidity. The decision of the physician, and the advice given to the new
      parents, at present, appears to be more subjective than the advice concerning
      RhoGAM, or DPT immunization, although it occasionally is given with as much
      certainty. We are dealing with the art of medicine rather than science. On this
      basis, rather than deride each other for positions taken, and religious
      considerations aside, we would do much better to develop better scientific
      studies to answer the scientific questions. Today's tendency to make decisions on
      evaluation of the risk:benefit ratio is clearly difficult if both are not
      adequately quantitated. Until these are available the decision of whether or not
      to circumcise must result from an objective discussion between the doctor and the
      parents of newborn males.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6371616
TI  - Carcinoma of the endometrium.

PMID- 6371617
TI  - AIH: new approaches to therapeutic insemination.

PMID- 6371618
TI  - Divorce.

PMID- 6371619
TI  - Renal sodium and water handling in pregnancy.

PMID- 6371620
TI  - Current status of cesarean births.

PMID- 6371621
TI  - Recent developments in the outpatient management of insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus during pregnancy.

PMID- 6371622
TI  - Glucocorticoids and the respiratory distress syndrome.

PMID- 6371623
TI  - Maternal Welfare--Nassau County, New York, 1957-1981.
AB  - The Maternal Welfare Committee of the County of Nassau reports on the past 25
      years of its activity. Its activities rapidly changed from a retrospective
      analysis of maternal deaths to a much broader concern of all subjects pertaining
      to maternal welfare. The function of the committee has never been punitive, but
      has always been educational. This was appropriate because the incidence of
      maternal deaths decreased to such a degree that it is no longer a major health
      problem in the United States. The identification of high risk factors in patient,
      physician, hospital, and society in general are outlined. Current major problems
      are: general anesthesia, pulmonary embolism, and ectopic pregnancy.

PMID- 6371624
TI  - General anesthesia in cesarean section: effect on mother and neonate.
AB  - Advances in anesthetic techniques during the past several decades have resulted
      in an excellent outcome in infants delivered by cesarean section under general
      anesthesia. To understand these results, it is important to be familiar with the
      physiologic changes which occur during general anesthesia. A review of the
      literature which focuses on the findings which led to current anesthetic
      principles is presented.

PMID- 6371625
TI  - Use of intravenous fluids before cesarean section: effects on perinatal glucose,
      insulin, and sodium homeostasis.
AB  - Perinatal glucose, insulin, and sodium homeostases were assessed in relation to
      antepartum intravenous infusions administered to 59 normal mothers undergoing
      cesarean section at term without labor under epidural anesthesia. Group A (N =
      20) received 1 L of Ringer's lactate without dextrose during one hour; group B (N
      = 20), 1 L of 5% dextrose in water during one hour; and group C (N = 19), 1 L of
      5% dextrose in water during two and one half hours. Mean maternal and fetal serum
      glucose and insulin and sodium concentrations at delivery differed among all
      groups in direct relationship to the rate of glucose infusion. Neonatal
      hypoglycemia (30 mg/dL or less) correlated with the presence of a glucose
      infusion, a maternal glucose concentration of 117 mg/dL or greater, and an
      umbilical venous insulin concentration of 26 microU/mL or greater. Among group A
      patients who received sodium, and group B and C patients who did not, fetal
      hyponatremia (umbilical venous sodium 130 mEq/L or less) correlated with the
      absence of sodium in the prepartum infusion. The results suggest that the
      antepartum administration of a balanced electrolyte solution without excess
      glucose infusion can minimize the incidence of fetal hyperglycemia and
      hyponatremia and neonatal hypoglycemia.

PMID- 6371626
TI  - Antenatal sonographic diagnosis of single umbilical artery.
AB  - Seven fetuses with a single umbilical artery were detected at the perinatal
      ultrasound unit of Yale University during a one-year period. Other sonographic
      abnormalities included hydramnios (four cases) and intrauterine growth
      retardation (two cases). Two neonates died shortly after birth, two others
      survived with abnormalities, and three were normal. The varied sonographic
      appearances of single umbilical artery are illustrated and contrasted with
      sonograms of normal umbilical cords.

PMID- 6371627
TI  - Multidrug treatment of advanced and recurrent endometrial carcinoma: a
      Gynecologic Oncology Group study.
AB  - Patients (358) with advanced (FIGO stages III and IV) or recurrent endometrial
      cancer were treated with one of two regimens: 1) melphalan and 5-fluorouracil
      daily for four days, repeated every four weeks with megace daily for eight weeks
      and 2) adriamycin, 5-fluorouracil, and cyclophosphamide, intravenous bolus every
      21 days with megace daily for eight weeks. All patients were randomized except
      for 63 with known cardiac disease who were assigned to regimen 1 (to avoid
      adriamycin) and studied separately. Stratification was effected for performance
      status, history of previous progestational therapy, presence or absence of
      measurable disease, and stage of disease. The objective response rate in those
      with measurable disease was 36.8% in both groups; 36.8% of each group had stable
      disease, and only 26.4% progressed on treatment. Response was unaffected by site
      of recurrence, time to first recurrence, presence or absence of previous
      treatment by progestational or radiation therapy, or age. Grade of tumor and
      performance status did affect response, although 44 of 57 objective responders
      had undifferentiated tumors. The two combinations achieved response rapidly,
      required careful supervision, and were especially useful in treating patients
      with usually poor prognostic features.

PMID- 6371628
TI  - Successful pregnancy with sickle cell disease and renal transplantation.
AB  - Renal transplantation has been very effective in the treatment of end-stage renal
      disease. Over 750 cases of successful pregnancies in these patients have been
      reported, and only 15 patients with sickle cell disease (homozygous hemoglobin S)
      have had renal allografts. The present study documents the first case of a
      successful pregnancy in a patient with sickle cell disease and renal
      transplantation. The combined complications increase the risks in view of the
      susceptibility of certain vital organs in pregnancy. Careful multidisciplinary
      management enhances successful outcome.

PMID- 6371629
TI  - Handling stress. Current NIOSH research.

PMID- 6371630
TI  - [The marginal leakage of direct bonding orthodontic adhesives].

PMID- 6371631
TI  - [Trial manufacture of an 8-mm high speed camera and the observation of molten
      metal during casting].

PMID- 6371632
TI  - [Measurement of the JIS standard color chart and metallic luster used for
      Chromascan].

PMID- 6371633
TI  - [Measurement of dimensional changes in alginate impression materials using a gap
      sensor during the rinsing or hardening phases].

PMID- 6371634
TI  - [Comparison of surface-active agents in relation to metal corrosion and their
      antibacterial effect].

PMID- 6371635
TI  - [Setting and thermal expansion in the direction of the xy axis of investment
      inside the cervical region of a crown-type wax pattern].

PMID- 6371636
TI  - [Pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic and dynamic interactions in tumor drug therapy].
AB  - Because of unfavourable therapeutic index application of cytostatic agents is
      often leading to adverse drug interactions. To avoid that kind of results it is
      important to know risks, early symptoms and possibilities of prevention. Recent
      observations show a potential occupational hazard for personnel handling
      cytostatic drugs by aerosols or direct contact (in-vitro-interactions). In cancer
      patients multimorbidity is not unusual. Drugs for the treatment of these diseases
      or the treatment or prevention of toxicity may interact with cytostatics (in-vivo
      interactions) by influencing the absorption, protein binding, active drug
      transport, metabolism and excretion (pharmacokinetic interactions) as well as by
      changing mechanisms of the intracellular uptake of drugs or regulation of
      physiological functions and by blocking receptors (pharmacodynamic interactions).
      Inducing synergism or antagonism loss or potentiation of effectively as well as
      toxic reactions may result. In medical practice we have to pay attention to known
      clinically important interactions. The importance of other possible but still
      unknown interactions has to be investigated. To avoid adverse drug interactions
      in patients the application of drugs should be restricted to only a few but
      indicated drugs of established effectivity.

PMID- 6371637
TI  - [Anorexia, nausea and vomiting in cancer patients].
AB  - Anorexia, nausea and vomiting are inevitable side effects of cancer and its
      treatment. They not only adversely affect the patients sense of wellbeing, his
      general state and wish to recover but also his comorbidity and perhaps the tumor
      progression. Any treatment has to be preceded by a careful differential diagnosis
      including besides the acute and chronic intoxication any organic, metabolic and
      functional disorder. The knowledge of the pathophysiology of nausea and vomiting,
      the psychosomatic and psychologic interrelations as well as the drug's
      pharmacologic characteristics and adverse effects allow for an optimal choice,
      dosage and timing of the individual antiemetic therapy.

PMID- 6371638
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of hemostatic disorders in oncology. A short review].
AB  - Hemorrhagic and thrombophilic diathesis are important symptoms in patients with
      neoplastic diseases. From that point of view it is not surprising that malignancy
      is often complicated by bleeding or thromboembolism. These clinical
      manifestations are due to the interaction of the tumor and components of the
      hemostatic system (platelets, coagulation, and fibrinolytic factors). Specific
      and adequate therapy of the neoplasm will result in the disappearance of the
      hemostatic disorder. If no effective antitumor therapy is available drugs may be
      helpful, which influence the enhanced turnover of clotting factors. Furthermore,
      platelet transfusions are highly effective in thrombocytopenic bleeding.

PMID- 6371639
TI  - [Substitution of blood components].
AB  - Cell substitution in the form of "tailored haemotherapy " should be an essential
      part of medical oncology at the present time. In the conventional therapy of
      solid tumors patients do not enter into prolonged phases of severe haemopoietic
      insufficiency. Accordingly platelet and granulocyte transfusions will be
      exceptional. It is mainly the red cell transfusion which plays the most important
      role. The possible complication of cell substitution should always be kept in
      mind. Here the risk of alloimmunisation which makes a continuation of transfusion
      therapy or a subsequent bone marrow transplantation problematic, is just one of
      the examples. Modern cell separation techniques allow the production of highly
      concentrated cell preparations aiming at the reduction of the frequency of
      transfusions and minimizing the risk of sensitisation. If rich concentrated
      preparations have to be given to immunodeficient patients an irradiation should
      proceed their transfusion, otherwise the immunocompetent lymphocytes contained in
      the preparations could induce graft versus host reactions. Allogenic bone marrow
      transplantation is more becoming the treatment of choice for severe combined
      immunodeficiency, severe aplastic anemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and chronic
      myeloid leukemia. At the present time the place of allogeneic or autologous bone
      marrow transplantation as a treatment of lymphomas and solid tumors is still
      unsettled.

PMID- 6371640
TI  - [Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of infections of bacterial, fungal and viral
      origin in immunocompromised patients].
AB  - Infections in immunocompromised patients are mostly caused by potentially
      pathogenic bacteria, yeasts, fungi and viruses. The predominant agents of
      bacterial infections are Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
      staphylococci. Several randomized studies have shown that the incidence of
      infections caused by these bacteria can significantly be reduced by means of
      antimicrobial decontamination. In case of suspected or proven bacterial
      infections immediate empirical antibiotic therapy is mandatory. For this therapy
      a two drug combination of bactericidal broadspectrum antibiotics is recommended,
      generally a combination of an aminoglycoside and a betalactam antibiotic. The
      causative agents of fungal infections are mostly species of Candida and
      Aspergillus, less frequently zygomycetes and Cryptococcus neoformans. For the
      prophylaxis of fungal infections nystatin, amphotericin B and ketoconazole have
      been applied. The efficiency of these methods is still controversial. The drug of
      choice for the treatment of fungal infections is amphotericin B which can be
      combined with 5- fluorocytosin in case of infections with Candida, Aspergillus
      and Cryptococcus. Infections with herpes viruses mostly occur in patients with an
      impaired cellular immunity. As antiviral prophylaxis with CMV-hyperimmune serum
      and acyclovir for HSV- and VZV-infections should be considered in transplantation
      of bone marrow and other organs. Acyclovir is also very active in the treatment
      of manifest infections with HSV and VZV.

PMID- 6371641
TI  - [Paraneoplastic syndromes].
AB  - Paraneoplasia has come to denote those tumor activities not caused within an
      organism directly by invasion, obstruction, or by the tumor burden itself. PSN
      research has yielded best results through the examination of those hormones
      produced by the tumor, esp. the pro-ACTH and its functionally active subgroups,
      furthermore the ADH, gonadotropins, HPL, STH, prolactine etc. Frequently very
      special features have been found to characterize this disease which have been
      published in detail. In addition to this, several differentiating PNS have been
      described without having been sufficiently defined, esp. those concerning the
      nervous system, the haematopoesia , the kidneys, the skin and the
      gastrointestinal system. In very rare cases there has been a mention or different
      characteristic syndromes that have come to be assigned to special kinds of
      tumors.

PMID- 6371642
TI  - [General medical aspects of oncology].
AB  - Oncology has made great progress in recent years, which is about to be translated
      into general practice. This development is urgently needed to adequately cope
      with the large quantity of cancer patients. An introduction into some of the most
      important aspects of practical oncology is given in the following article. Since
      care for the cancer is a difficult subject in terms of diagnosis as well as
      treatment, medically as well as psychologically, there must be an active
      cooperation between the clinical cancer center and the practicing oncologist:
      Specialized cancer treatment, research and education based primarily at the
      clinical center - general lifelong support and comprehensive care for the patient
      at the community level offered by his personal practicing oncologist.

PMID- 6371643
TI  - [Monitoring of heart function in the treatment with cardiotoxic cytostatic
      drugs].
AB  - It is the purpose of this paper to show the concept of noninvasive assessment of
      cardiomyopathy (CM) in cytostatic treatment, esp. with daunorubicin A (A). Our
      follow-up study during therapy with A shows 255 patients, examined by ECG, by
      systolic time intervals (STI)-PEP/LVET (normal value less than or equal to 0.44)
      and PEPI (normal value less than or equal to 148 ms) by echocardiography (UCG)
      with measurement of shortening fraction (SF), normal value less than or equal to
      30% and in 6 cases by microcatheter with exercise test. RESULTS: (1) ECG does not
      predict CM. (2) 23 patients (8%) had abnormal SF in UCG, 6 patients of these
      having no symptoms of cardiac failure. These patients were examined by
      microcatheter, all 6 having abnormal values during exercise. So all patients with
      abnormal SF had objective signs of latent or over CM. (3) PEP/LVET was abnormal
      in all patients with CM, but false positive in 22% of all investigations, mostly
      by shortening of LVET. PEPI, abnormal in all patients with CM, was false positive
      only in 8.8. UCG is the most specific noninvasive method for assessment of CM in
      cytostatic treatment. STI are less specific, but highly sensitive to CM and
      therefore a useful screening method. PEPI gives the highest specificity, allowing
      a better selection than PEP/LVET. STI in contrast to UCG can easily be obtained
      outside cardiologic centers, ie., in the oncologic department itself. UCG by
      cardiologic units are needed only about 10-15% of investigations. If all values
      are abnormal, cardiotoxic treatment should be stopped, even when patients are
      asymptomatic.

PMID- 6371644
TI  - Lonidamine, a new approach to cancer therapy.
AB  - The experimental and theoretical bases for the use of Lonidamine in cancer
      therapy are reviewed and discussed. In murine tumors Lonidamine has a narrow
      spectrum of antitumor effects. It lacks the characteristic properties of
      antiproliferative drugs, as well as other important pharmacological actions, with
      the exception of antispermatogenic and embryotoxic effects which are closely
      related to the antitumor ones. Lonidamine appears not to affect the cell division
      processes. Available data instead show that it specifically affects the condensed
      or oxidized mitochondrion; since tumor cells have a mitochondrially bound
      hexokinase, both respiration and glycolysis are decreased. There is some evidence
      that hyperthermia, X rays and some chemotherapeutic agents, when used in
      combination with Lonidamine, increase the response of tumor cells or systems to
      this drug.

PMID- 6371645
TI  - Immunoreactive avidin in the hen oviduct mucosa.

PMID- 6371646
TI  - Methods of artificial tooth attachment for the removable partial denture.

PMID- 6371647
TI  - Eyelid and orbital treatment following radical maxillectomy.
AB  - Malignant lesions of the nasopharynx and paranasal sinuses often encroach upon
      the orbit. A series of nineteen patients who underwent partial or radical
      maxillectomy is presented to summarize the eyelid and orbital findings that
      required further treatment. Fifteen of these patients were left with an intact
      globe and a visually useful eye, but the defects of epiphora, eyelid malposition,
      dacryocystitis, and diplopia were visually threatening and required treatment.
      The cosmetic deformities and diplopia following maxillectomy and radiation are
      partially amenable to treatment with late bone grafting. Lacrimal outflow
      deficiencies were successfully treated with dacryocystorhinostomy. Only patients
      with ocular complications following maxillectomy are included in this series;
      therefore, the range of problems and their treatment confronting the
      ophthalmologist is summarized.

PMID- 6371648
TI  - Increased endothelial cell loss after transplantation of corneas preserved by a
      modified organ-culture technique.
AB  - Forty-seven donor corneas were preserved in McCarey-Kaufman (M-K) medium at 4
      degrees C for 1 day, then in organ culture at 34 degrees C for approximately 1
      month, then in M-K medium at 4 degrees C for an additional two days before
      transplantation. The central donor endothelium was examined by specular
      microscopy before and after organ culture and 2 months after keratoplasty. No
      significant change in central endothelial cell density occurred during organ
      culture. The 47 transplants were compared with 47 grafts preserved only in M-K
      medium at 4 degrees C for approximately 36 hours. All transplants were performed
      by the same surgeon over the same period, and the two groups contained similar
      types of surgical procedures. The organ-cultured grafts were thicker on the first
      post-operative day and took longer to epithelialize . Two months after
      keratoplasty all of the 94 grafts were clear and thin, but the mean central
      endothelial cell loss was 28% in the 47 organ-cultured transplants and 10% in the
      47 transplants preserved only in M-K medium (P less than 0.0001). These results
      indicate that the endothelium of corneas preserved by organ culture at 34 degrees
      C and then placed in M-K medium at 4 degrees C for 2 days may be more susceptible
      to surgical trauma than those preserved only in M-K medium at 4 degrees C.

PMID- 6371649
TI  - Argon laser trabeculoplasty: comparison of bichromatic and monochromatic
      wavelengths.
AB  - A randomized prospective study was undertaken to examine the effects of
      bichromatic argon laser therapy and monochromatic argon laser therapy when used
      for trabeculoplasty in chronic open angle glaucoma. Fifty patients underwent
      laser trabeculoplasty with the continuous wave argon laser emitting wavelengths
      of multiple lines (454.5 nm to 528.7 nm) in the bichromatic spectrum (blue and
      green). Fifty additional patients underwent laser trabeculoplasty using a
      continuous-wave argon laser emitting a monochromatic (green) wavelength at 514.5
      nm. Patients treated with the bichromatic laser had an average decrease in their
      intraocular pressure of -7.1 +/- 5.2 mmHg and patients treated with the
      monochromatic laser had an average decrease of -8.0 +/- 6.2 mmHg. The length of
      the follow-up was 2 to 13 months with an average of 10 months. For each group,
      this decrease in intraocular pressure from the pretreatment values was
      statistically significant (P less than 0.001). However, there was no
      statistically significant difference in the decrease in the intraocular pressure
      between the two groups (P = 0.34). No differences were noted in the postoperative
      course or in the complication rate between the two groups.

PMID- 6371650
TI  - [Morphological characteristics of the formation and reconstruction of bone tissue
      in the replacement of extensive bone defects].

PMID- 6371651
TI  - [Role of the Kiev school of orthopedists in the development of prosthetics and
      prosthesis construction in the Ukraine].

PMID- 6371652
TI  - [Psychological aspects of injuries in childhood (review of the foreign
      literature)].

PMID- 6371653
TI  - [Decompressive and stabilizing surgery in unstable injuries of the thoracolumbar
      region of the spine (review of the literature)].

PMID- 6371654
TI  - [Remission in juvenile diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 6371655
TI  - [Janos Selye (1907-1982)].

PMID- 6371656
TI  - [Hungarian medical students at the University of Wittenberg in the times of
      Luther and Melanchthon].

PMID- 6371657
TI  - [Gyula Donath and the journal Klinikai Fuzetek].

PMID- 6371658
TI  - [Dr. Imre Hermann (1889-1984)].

PMID- 6371659
TI  - [Significance of a day-long blood sugar picture in the care of diabetics].

PMID- 6371660
TI  - [The role of Frigyes Koranyi in public life].

PMID- 6371661
TI  - [The work of Jakab Lux, M.D., (1822-1876) from the current medical viewpoint].

PMID- 6371662
TI  - [Sanitary conditions of transportation in the past].

PMID- 6371663
TI  - [The illness and death of Gabor Bethlen].

PMID- 6371664
TI  - [The art of understanding].

PMID- 6371665
TI  - Evaluation and rehabilitation in voice disorders.

PMID- 6371666
TI  - [Current theories on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of oral
      pemphigus].

PMID- 6371667
TI  - Profile on Dr Hans L. Frankel. Medallist of the International Medical Society of
      Paraplegia: 1983.

PMID- 6371668
TI  - Serotypic variation of culture-adapted isolates of P. falciparum.
AB  - Culture adapted isolates of P. falciparum had different growth patterns (P less
      than 0.01) when cultured in the presence of sera obtained from 31 healthy Papua
      New Guinea residents. Both enhancement and suppression of growth was observed.
      Less variation was observed using an indirect immunofluorescent antibody method
      directed against schizont antigens, and no correlation between the two assays was
      found. This bioassay is assessed as a basis for serotyping P. falciparum strains.

PMID- 6371669
TI  - Increased activity of macrophages from mice infected with Brugia pahangi: in
      vitro adherence to microfilariae.
AB  - After the inoculation of infective larvae of Brugia pahangi into the peritoneal
      cavities of CBA/Ca mice adult worms developed, but by 12 weeks post-infection the
      parasites were usually dead and surrounded by granulomatous tissue. Macrophages
      were the most common cell type in these granulomas and were also found in
      increasing numbers free in the peritoneal cavity. We have investigated the
      ability of macrophages to damage microfilariae in vitro, in a system where
      microfilariae were cultured together with cells and serum taken from either
      uninfected female CBA/Ca mice or at various intervals after infection.
      Macrophages adhered to and killed microfilariae in this system and there was an
      increase in vitro adherence of these cells during the course of infection. The
      peak level of in vitro activity of these cells coincided with the phase of
      parasite killing in vivo. The presence of serum also affected the degree of
      macrophage adherence and subsequent death of the parasite. Analysis of serum
      components using EGTA, zymosan or heat inactivation suggested that complement and
      possibly heat labile antibody were involved. Immunoglobulins were shown by
      immunofluorescence to be present on the surface of microfilariae cultured in
      serum from infected mice. It is concluded from this study that macrophages are
      actively involved in the termination of murine filarisis.

PMID- 6371670
TI  - Human serum albumin is a major component on the surface of microfilariae of
      Wuchereria bancrofti.

PMID- 6371671
TI  - Gametocytogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro: a simple technique for the
      routine culture of pure capacitated gametocytes en masse.
AB  - A technique is described for the growth of pure gametocyte cultures of Plasmodium
      falciparum. Using the classification of Hawking, Wilson & Gammage (1971) these
      cultures contain gametocytes of stages III, IV and V alone. Routine sexual
      cultures, varying from 0.35 ml static cultures to 500 ml shaking cultures, are
      exposed to an inhibitor of DNA synthesis (mitomycin C at 10 micrograms/ml) on the
      11th day of culture, and the culture is harvested on the 14th day when
      capacitated stage V gametocytes are present. All other stages are killed by the
      drug and are morphologically degenerate within 2 days of the addition of the
      inhibitor.

PMID- 6371672
TI  - Trypanosoma cruzi: continuous cultivation with murine cell lines.
AB  - Y strain parasites (Wellcome stock) were cloned as epimastigotes by limiting
      dilution and one clone, Wel Tryp A2 was used to infect cell cultures and
      irradiated mice. The fibrosarcoma line, M4, was susceptible to infection with Wel
      Tryp A2 trypomastigotes but, after the first round of intracellular infection,
      proliferation and differentiation, failed to support parasite growth in long-term
      continuous culture. In contrast, a muscle-derived cell line, S2, produced regular
      waves of extracellular trypomastigotes and amastigotes during 80 days of
      continuous culture reported here. These infected S2 cultures have remained in
      continuous culture for up to 18 months over a 5-year period and have yielded in
      excess of 10(8) parasites/20 ml culture at 4-6 day intervals. Extracellular
      amastigotes produced in these cultures have a close morphological, immunological
      and biochemical analogy to intracellular parasites derived from rodents, and have
      maintained an absolute dependence on host cells for their growth and
      proliferation. These amastigotes produced low-grade chronic infections in normal
      CBA/T6 mice but produced acute, fatal infections with high parasitaemia in mice
      of the same inbred strain given 900 rad. whole-body irradiation prior to
      infection. Although present findings relate to a single parasite clone, the
      parent stock from which the clone was derived showed similar growth
      characteristics when co-cultured with S2 cells.

PMID- 6371673
TI  - [Actinomyces israelii. Methods of isolation and identification. Apropos of 10
      cases].
AB  - Actinomyces israelii was isolated from cervico-facial subacute or chronic
      infections (9 cases), and abdominal wall abscess (1 case). Two conditions were
      necessary for successful isolation of A. israelii: properly collected clinical
      specimen (pus aspirated from abscess or biopsy) and prolongated incubation of
      anaerobic cultures (at minimum 5 days). Two commercially available micro-method
      multitest systems (Api 20 anaerobes, Api Zym test) were compared with standard
      biochemical procedures. The three methods were evaluated as to the
      reproducibility and help in identifying anaerobic non spore-forming Gram-positive
      bacilli in a routine clinical laboratory.

PMID- 6371674
TI  - [Morphogenesis of Candida albicans in human serum. Mycelial and pseudomycelial
      tubes observed in 250 strains].
AB  - The morphogenesis of Candida albicans, more peculiarly the mycelial and
      pseudomycelial tubes production, was investigated during 24 hours in human serum:
      on 250 strains at 37 degrees C, and on 24 strains at 25 degrees C. The
      characteristic of the tubes, their first apparition and maximum production time
      are reported. The yeast influence (origin, saprophytic or parasitic state,
      serotype, maximum temperature for growth of the strain) on the tubes production
      is discussed.

PMID- 6371675
TI  - [Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the Paris metropolitan area. Study of annual
      mortality in different density zones in relation to the age of population].
AB  - A study of all patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the Paris metropolitan
      area dying during the 13 year period 1968-1980 reveals a positive correlation
      between annual mortality and population density, that is independent of variation
      in population age structure. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis
      of random interhuman-disease transmission.

PMID- 6371676
TI  - [Bioenzymatic and lysotypic study of 200 strains of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus].
AB  - Two hundred strains of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus isolated between 1971 and 1978
      at the Bichat Hospital were studied by means of a biochemical and enzymatic
      technique thanks to 150 tests per strain. Most strains (about 60%) were
      Acinetobacter calcoaceticus variety anitratus which is more frequently isolated
      than var. lwoffi . Three bioenzymatic groups have been statistically defined.
      This classification corresponds to the main lines of previous descriptions by
      Henriksen (1960) and those indicated in the Bergey's Manual (1974). The results
      of the study do not show any correlation between the clinical origin of the
      strains, their bioenzymatic profile and their phage-type which was determined for
      60 strains. Otherwise, it was to be noted that glucose is not a basic character
      of this classification which is based on an average profile of strains; some
      tests are particularly important for the differentiation of species (amino
      acids); some characteristics have been observed and have to be related to the
      enzymatic properties of the strains and their role in the catabolism of some
      carbohydrates. The results of the study might constitute a new approach of
      epidemiological criteria to be determined for Acinetobacter strains ( Bergogne 
      Ber ezin and al., 1970, 1980, Gardner and al., 1970; Glew and al., 1977).

PMID- 6371677
TI  - Pathology of sickle cell disorders.

PMID- 6371678
TI  - Ghon but not forgotten: Anton Ghon and his complex.

PMID- 6371679
TI  - Carcinoembryonic antigen in skin and related tumours as determined by
      immunohistological techniques.
AB  - Common benign skin abnormalities and related tumours were investigated for the
      presence of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) using immunohistological techniques in
      formalin-fixed tissue. CEA could be detected in all 10 squamous cell carcinomas
      examined, a finding which contrasted with those in earlier reports. CEA was not
      seen in normal skin but was present in the skins of 12-18-wk-old fetuses. Hence,
      CEA can be considered to be a true oncofetal antigen for ectodermal tissue. The
      antigen was not detected in seborrheic keratoses but was present in all 10 cases
      of keratoacanthoma. CEA was found in only one out of 10 basal cell carcinomas,
      the tumour being metatypical (basosquamous) in type. CEA was also observed in the
      minority of cases of solar keratosis and Bowen's disease. If the presence of CEA
      in proliferating epidermal tissue is associated with malignant transformation,
      both solar keratosis and Bowen's disease are indeed premalignant lesions whilst
      keratoacanthoma is the non-metastasizing variant of squamous cell carcinoma.
      Finally, the absence of CEA in basal cell carcinoma may help to explain its
      'reluctance' to spread by metastasis.

PMID- 6371680
TI  - An ovarian tumour specific mucin antigen--immunohistological and biochemical
      studies.
AB  - A new mucin antigen was detected in a mucinous cystadenoma of human ovary. An
      antiserum produced in rabbits against the crude cyst fluid, following appropriate
      absorptions, showed immunoreactivity exclusively with tumour epithelium,
      particularly endocervical type epithelium. The antigen responsible for the
      immunoreactivity was isolated in the fraction with density 1.45g/ml following
      density gradient ultracentrifugation in cesium chloride, which indicated that it
      was indeed a glycoprotein. The native glycoprotein was very large since it was
      excluded from Sepharose CL-2B. The complex could be dissociated following
      reduction with dithiothreitol. The subunits were included in Sepharose CL-2B and
      the position of elution would indicate a molecular weight in the order of 1-5 x
      10(6). This suggests the native antigen was a complex made up of subunits held
      together by disulphide bonds. Amino acid analysis of the new antigen showed a
      resemblance with intestinal mucins, as two-thirds of the protein consists of
      threonine, serine, proline, alanine and glycine. This similarity in peptide core
      may explain the potential of the epithelium in ovarian mucinous cystadenoma to
      produce inappropriate intestinal mucins during the process of malignant
      transformation.

PMID- 6371681
TI  - Renal pathology associated with lithium therapy.
AB  - Renal biopsies have been examined in patients either currently (50 patients) or
      previously (5 patients) on maintenance lithium therapy for severe affective
      disorders. In patients currently taking lithium, a distinctive lesion of the
      distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts was identified. This lesion
      consisted of vacuolation and swelling of the cytoplasm with accumulations of PAS
      positive material; this material was confirmed to be particulate glycogen by
      light and ultrastructural techniques. This 'lithium-associated' lesion was not
      present in patients who had discontinued lithium therapy. Prospective studies
      showed that the accumulation of glycogen occurs in distal tubules and collecting
      ducts within days of commencing lithium treatment. The relationship of this
      distinctive lesion to the patchy focal cortical interstitial fibrosis seen in
      these biopsies remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 6371682
TI  - A critique of some contemporary classifications of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Which
      one should we now use?
AB  - Major contemporary classifications of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are discussed and
      compared with the recently released Working Formulation prepared by an
      international panel of expert pathologists. The Working Formulation was
      constructed according to prognosis and represents a compromise of existing
      terminologies. It has many weaknesses and appears to be unsuitable for use by
      pathologists as the sole classification for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; however, it
      serves as an important means of translation between existing classifications. As
      all the major systems have been shown to have prognostic relevance, it is
      suggested that we continue to use the classification of our choice, preferably
      one which is familiar to our clinical colleagues, and that the terminology of the
      Working Formulation be employed as an alternative diagnosis in parentheses.

PMID- 6371683
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in the sheep renal juxtaglomerular apparatus in response
      to sodium depletion or loading.
AB  - The ultrastructural changes in various components of the renal juxtaglomerular
      apparatus have been examined in sheep subjected to sodium depletion or loading.
      In normal sheep, juxtaglomerular arteriolar myoepithelioid cell granulation was
      relatively sparse whereas peripolar cell granulation was prominent. Sheep
      subjected to rapid sodium depletion in response to parotid cannula drainage
      showed features indicating increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system
      with a rise in plasma renin concentration, an increase in the juxtaglomerular
      index and morphological evidence of increased renin granule production in
      arteriolar myoepithelioid cells. In contrast, in sheep subjected to dietary
      sodium loading, there was evidence of decreased activity of the renin-angiotensin
      system with a fall in plasma renin concentration and relatively poor
      myoepithelioid cell granulation. In sodium depleted sheep, juxtaglomerular
      peripolar cells showed increased synthetic activity and marked heterogeneity of
      granule density; in sodium loaded sheep, peripolar cells showed no consistent
      changes. A major new finding was the detection of exocytotic release of granule
      material from peripolar cells into the urinary space during sodium depletion,
      confirming the secretory nature of such cells and supporting the concept that
      they may play a role in sodium homeostasis.

PMID- 6371684
TI  - Cell separation: a review.
AB  - This review summarizes currently available techniques for cell separation.
      Techniques that exploit differences in physical properties of cells are widely
      used but have a number of limitations. Those that are based on differences in
      surface properties may more readily permit reproducible separation of a
      functionally homogeneous population of cells. Unfortunately very few techniques
      achieve separation of cells on the basis of differences in their functional
      characteristics.

PMID- 6371685
TI  - The basal lamina in basal cell carcinoma, Bowen's disease, squamous cell
      carcinoma and keratoacanthoma: an immunoperoxidase study using an antibody to
      type IV collagen.
AB  - The basal lamina in a variety of skin tumours was assessed with an antibody to
      type IV collagen and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique. The antibody
      was raised in rabbits against type IV collagen isolated from human placental
      tissue. The basal lamina in Bowen's disease was essentially intact while squamous
      cell and basal cell carcinomas showed focal loss in areas of tumour cell
      invasion. However, both tumours showed preservation of basal lamina around the
      majority of projections and nests of tumour within the dermis. Many
      keratoacanthomas showed extensive loss of the basal lamina. This loss appears
      associated with advanced keratinization at the base of the lesion and may
      represent an involutional change possibly secondary to inflammation. It is
      concluded that epidermal tumour cells following local invasion may cease
      migration and produce a distinct continuous basal lamina similar to that of the
      normal dermo-epidermal junction. Loss of basal lamina appears restricted to foci
      of ongoing tumour invasion.

PMID- 6371686
TI  - Neoplastic cells containing lysozyme in gastric carcinomas.
AB  - A case of gastric carcinoma mostly composed of cells with histological,
      immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of Paneth cells prompted a
      comparative investigation of the occurrence of similar cells in gastric,
      colorectal and mammary carcinomas. Cells containing lysozyme were demonstrated by
      the immunoperoxidase-PAP technique in 34.9% of 83 gastric carcinomas. They were
      found in 38% of intestinal-type and in 30% of diffuse-type tumours. Paneth-type
      granules were demonstrated ultrastructurally in 4 of 7 carcinomas in which
      lysozyme had been demonstrated immunohistochemically. No lysozyme was
      demonstrated in a series of 30 breast carcinomas and in only 1 of 27 cases of
      colorectal neoplasm. The possibility of using lysozyme as a marker for some
      carcinomas of gastric origin is considered.

PMID- 6371687
TI  - [Effect of nicotinic acid on the changes in hormone levels in burns].

PMID- 6371688
TI  - [The functional element of the liver under normal and pathological conditions].

PMID- 6371690
TI  - [Renal pathology. References and reflections].

PMID- 6371689
TI  - [N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in the lymphocytes of patients with diabetes
      mellitus in relation to pharmacological treatment].

PMID- 6371691
TI  - [The Perugia Institute of Pathologic Anatomy from the 1941-42 academic year to
      the 1977-78 academic year].

PMID- 6371692
TI  - Clear cell chondrosarcoma. Report of a new case and review of the literature.

PMID- 6371694
TI  - Antibiotic therapy of fulminant E. coli K1 sepsis in infant rabbits.
AB  - A model of overwhelming E. coli K1 sepsis and early meningitis was developed in
      infant rabbits and used to compare clinical and bacteriologic efficacy of
      ampicillin, moxalactam, cephalothin and chloramphenicol. Intraperitoneal
      injection of 10(7) E. coli K1 into 1- or 2-wk-old rabbits produced a rapidly
      progressive infection which, if left untreated, produced bacteremia in 100% of
      animals, meningitis in 78%, and mortality in 100%. Therapy was initiated 4 h
      after ip infection at which time mean bacterial concentration (log10 CFU/ml)
      ranged from 4.4-4.8 in the blood and from 1.8-2.3 in the cerebral spinal fluid
      (CSF). Pre-treatment frequency of bacteremia (100%) and meningitis (17-23%) was
      similar for all experimental groups. Antibiotic concentrations in blood and CSF 2
      h after a dose exceeded the E. coli minimum inhibitory concentration with the
      exception of CSF cephalothin, which was undetectable. Moxalactam, ampicillin, and
      chloramphenicol significantly reduced the incidence of bacteremia and meningitis
      relative to cephalothin or saline controls (P less than 0.02). Mortality rates
      among the former three groups were high (64-82%) but significantly less than in
      saline or cephalothin-treated rabbits (100%). In this neonatal model of fulminant
      sepsis with early meningitis, moxalactam provided no therapeutic advantage over
      ampicillin or chloramphenicol.

PMID- 6371693
TI  - Neonatal metabolic effects of oral ritodrine hydrochloride administration.
AB  - Neonatal hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinemia have been reported following maternal
      ritodrine administration, but no prospective controlled study of the neonatal
      metabolic and cardiovascular effects of maternal ritodrine is available. We
      conducted a double-blind prospective study in 35 patients with preterm labor
      and/or ruptured membranes. Patients in premature labor received ritodrine (max
      dose, 350 mcg/min) or a placebo intravenously for 12 hours, and then orally (20
      mg every 4 hours) until labor ensued. Patients with ruptured membranes received
      only oral therapy. Only patients who were maintained on oral therapy for a
      minimum of 12 hours and who were within 6 hours of their last dose of oral
      therapy were included in the analysis. Glucose and insulin values in cord blood
      at 6 and 12 hours of age were not significantly different between the ritodrine
      and placebo groups. There were no hypoglycemic infants in the ritodrine group.
      Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and blood volume were
      similar for ritodrine and control infants. Although premature infants are at high
      risk for hypoglycemia it appears from this study that chronic oral ritodrine
      therapy does not significantly affect neonatal glucose homeostasis.

PMID- 6371695
TI  - Fever therapy: an educational intervention for parents.
AB  - Fever in children is a common problem, but one which often alarms parents.
      Parental misconceptions often lead them to unnecessarily aggressive and
      inappropriate management of fever in their children. A prospective controlled
      trial of an educational intervention to improve parental understanding and
      management of fever, involving the parents of 108 children, aged 6 months to 4
      years, was performed in a private group practice. Although the majority of these
      patients were well educated, most were found to be misinformed about many aspects
      of the seriousness of fever and its management. Parents in the intervention group
      received a standardized interview in which the management of fever was discussed,
      demonstrated, and practiced. In addition, they received a printed information
      sheet for reinforcement 2 months after the initial interview. Parents in both the
      control group and intervention group revealed an increase in knowledge about
      fever over time, but only in the intervention group were inappropriate physician
      contacts and medication errors reduced. The effectiveness of an active learning
      approach to anticipatory guidance for the management of transient febrile illness
      was documented and it is suggested that extension of this approach to other
      common problems in the private practice setting be examined.

PMID- 6371697
TI  - Pediatrics and the unwanted child in history: foundling homes, disease, and the
      origins of foster care in New York City, 1860 to 1920.

PMID- 6371696
TI  - A decreased incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis after prenatal glucocorticoid
      therapy.
AB  - In a large multicentered, collaborative randomized and blinded trial utilizing
      antenatal corticosteroids, the goals included determining the effectiveness of
      these agents in accelerating lung maturation, as well as monitoring any short
      term or long-term adverse effects of this treatment on the parturient, fetus,
      and/or infant. More than 100 specific items, pertaining to diagnoses,
      complications, and outcomes were recorded for the 696 mothers enrolled in the
      study and their 745 infants. A significantly decreased incidence of necrotizing
      enterocolitis (P = .002) was found in the infants treated with steroids. The
      possibility of accelerated intestinal maturation induced by antenatal maternal
      steroid therapy exists. This treatment regimen is particularly attractive as
      adverse aspects of steroid therapy at the dosage utilized have not been
      demonstrated.

PMID- 6371698
TI  - [Hepatitis caused by Yersinia enterocolitica in children].

PMID- 6371700
TI  - Striking EEG profiles from single episodes of glossolalia and transcendental
      meditation.
AB  - Transient, focal, epileptic-like electrical changes in the temporal lobe, without
      convulsions, have been hypothesized to be primary correlates of religious
      experiences. Given these properties, direct measurement of these phenomena within
      the laboratory should be rare. However, two illustrated instances have been
      recorded. The first case involved the occurrence of a delta-wave-dominant
      electrical seizure for about 10 sec. from the temporal lobe only of a
      Transcendental Meditation teacher during a peak experience within a routine TM
      episode. The second case involved the occurrence of spikes within the temporal
      lobe only during protracted intermittent episodes of glossolalia by a member of a
      pentecostal sect . Neither subject had any psychiatric history. These
      observations are commensurate with the hypothesis that religious experiences are
      natural correlates of temporal lobe transients that can be detected by routine
      EEG measures.

PMID- 6371699
TI  - [Streptococcus group B neonatal infection and postnatal diaphragmatic hernia].
AB  - The authors report a case of post natal hernia with group B beta hemolytic
      streptococcus infection. The frequency of such an association compared to the
      rarity of delayed onset congenital diaphragmatic hernia may constitute a
      reflexion subject. The literature is reviewed and a concept of pathogenesis is
      discussed.

PMID- 6371701
TI  - Hand Test and the High School Personality Questionnaire: structural analysis.
AB  - The Hand Test and the High School Personality Questionnaire were administered to
      15 boys and 15 girls in Grades 9 and 10 transferred to an alternative school for
      acting-out behavior. They were of average intelligence. Several significant
      correlations between Hand Test and High School Personality Questionnaire
      variables were noted. Results are discussed in reference to Structural Analysis.

PMID- 6371702
TI  - The steroidal actions of digitalis.

PMID- 6371703
TI  - Delays and slips in medical diagnosis.

PMID- 6371704
TI  - The biomedical information "crisis": a user's viewpoint.

PMID- 6371705
TI  - Reproductive immunology: past, present, and future.

PMID- 6371706
TI  - The Knud Jansen lecture. Amputation revisited.

PMID- 6371707
TI  - Baccalaureate programs accredited for public health nursing preparation.

PMID- 6371708
TI  - [Modern cornea surgery].

PMID- 6371709
TI  - [Literature surveys--a steppe or a diversified landscape?].

PMID- 6371710
TI  - [Oncogenes (2)].

PMID- 6371711
TI  - Characteristic alteration in the nuclear DNA polymerase activity during the cell
      division cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Specific activity of the intranuclear DNA polymerase in cdc-mutant cells of
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae was found to be characteristically changed by arrest in
      their specific stage of cell division cycle without a notable alteration in the
      total cellular activity. The activities were low in the nuclei of cdc 25, cdc 28
      and cdc 4, which were arrested in early to mid G1 phase by temperature shift-up,
      and in the nuclei of wild-type cells (A364A), which were arrested in early G1
      phase by alpha-factor treatment, while high level of the activity was found in
      the nuclei of cdc 7 and cdc 8, which were arrested at late G1 and S phase,
      respectively. Activity-gel analysis of DNA polymerase in the nuclear extracts
      revealed the presence of two active peptides (120K and 72K), and the
      characteristic decrease in both active peptides was induced by arrest in early to
      mid G1 phase. Consequently, it is strongly suggested that intranuclear DNA
      polymerase activity alters in a dependent fashion on progression of cell division
      cycle. Subunit analysis indicated that the purified DNA polymerase I is
      constructed from two subunit peptides of 120K and 62K, and the large subunit
      possesses catalytic activity.

PMID- 6371712
TI  - Template-dependent variation in the relative fidelity of DNA polymerase I of
      Escherichia coli in the presence of Mg2+ versus Mn2+.
AB  - The fidelity of E. coli DNA polymerase I in the presence of Mg2+ vs Mn2+ was
      examined at many positions along natural DNA templates, by use of an
      electrophoretic assay of misincorporation. Although there was an overall greater
      tendency for misincorporation to occur in Mn2+-activated chain elongation, some
      specific sites on the template were more prone to misincorporation with Mg2+ and
      others with Mn2+. This sequence-dependent effect was seen in spite of the finding
      that the relative rate of incorporation of the correct nucleotide at different
      positions on the template was essentially the same with Mg2+ and Mn2+. In
      agreement with previous studies, the fidelity of E. coli pol I was higher at
      activating, than at inhibiting, concentrations of Mg2+. The results reveal new
      complexities regarding the role of divalent cation in the control of fidelity in
      DNA synthesis and attest to the dynamic nature of interactions between DNA
      polymerase, its substrates and divalent metal activator during the course of
      polymerization on natural templates.

PMID- 6371713
TI  - A pioneering approach to the dying. Interview by Laurence Dopson.

PMID- 6371714
TI  - Towards tomorrow's world. Two. Helping people to cope with stress.

PMID- 6371715
TI  - Which aid to continence?

PMID- 6371716
TI  - The cut-throat world of nursing politics - 18th century-style.

PMID- 6371717
TI  - The unknown Edith Cavell.

PMID- 6371719
TI  - Politics and power: a new look at Florence Nightingale.

PMID- 6371718
TI  - Nurses join the stamp set.

PMID- 6371720
TI  - A country midwife's tale.

PMID- 6371721
TI  - [Microbiological and clinical analysis disease cases caused by occupational
      contact with beech scraps in a cellulose plant].

PMID- 6371722
TI  - The bentiromide test for pancreatic exocrine insufficiency.
AB  - The bentiromide test, a test of pancreatic exocrine function, has recently been
      approved for clinical use by the Food and Drug Administration. The test has been
      studied in adult patients with chronic pancreatic disease and in children with
      cystic fibrosis. The 500-mg dose and 6-hour urine collection period appear
      optimal for separating patients with chronic pancreatic disease from control
      subjects. Side effects with the 500-mg dose are virtually nonexistent. This
      simply performed outpatient test of chymotrypsin function appears to be an
      excellent means of confirming the diagnosis of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency.

PMID- 6371724
TI  - [Carcinoid heart disease].

PMID- 6371723
TI  - Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in the elderly.
AB  - Pneumonia remains the leading infectious disease-related cause of death among the
      elderly. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent pathogen isolated from
      aged individuals with community-acquired pneumonia. Other common bacteria that
      cause this disease include Haemophilus influenzae and Legionella pneumophila.
      Manifestations of pneumonia in the elderly can be subtle and result in delayed
      recognition and treatment. Gram stain evaluation and culture of non-contaminated
      expectorated sputum remain the conventional techniques to guide initial
      antibiotic selection. While the presence of a new infiltrate on chest X-ray
      confirms the clinical diagnosis of pneumonia, the radiographic appearance of the
      infiltrate cannot accurately define the etiologic agent. Specific therapeutic
      measures include administration of appropriate antibiotics, correction of fluid
      and electrolyte imbalances, nutritional support and treatment of concomitant
      disorders. Preventive measures include use of influenza vaccine, amantadine and
      pneumococcal vaccine.

PMID- 6371725
TI  - [Use of helium-oxygen mixture for the diagnosis of obstructive bronchial
      disease].

PMID- 6371726
TI  - [Extraosseous calcification of the lungs in patients with chronic renal failure].

PMID- 6371727
TI  - The psychophysiologic investigation of multiple personality disorder. A review.
AB  - An examination of the physiologic differences among the alternate personalities
      of individuals with multiple personality disorder, this review traces
      observations from the studies of such early investigators as Morton Prince in
      1907 through the most recent findings.

PMID- 6371728
TI  - The differential diagnosis of multiple personality. A comprehensive review.
AB  - This review offers guidelines for the diagnosis of multiple personality disorder
      and other dissociative disorders and presents diagnostic criteria for psychotic
      disorders, factitious disorders, affective disorders, anxiety disorders,
      psychosexual disorders, and others that may or may not coexist with multiple
      personalities.

PMID- 6371729
TI  - [Perspectives of the prevention of hepatitis B].

PMID- 6371730
TI  - [Tribute to Hilary Koprowski: scientist, musician and friend].

PMID- 6371731
TI  - [Prof. Stanislaw Konopka (1896-1982). A reminiscence].

PMID- 6371732
TI  - [Quinidine, sparteine sulfate and ajmaline derivative - delayed-action drugs - in
      the prevention of auricular fibrillation. Comparative study].

PMID- 6371733
TI  - [Effect of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis on plasma renin activity during
      hemodialysis].

PMID- 6371734
TI  - [Comparison of the clinical effectiveness of 6 calcium channel blockers in
      coronary disease].

PMID- 6371735
TI  - [Mexiletine in the treatment of arrhythmia].

PMID- 6371736
TI  - [Effectiveness of bezafibrate in ambulatory treatment of hyperlipidemia].

PMID- 6371737
TI  - [Advances and changes in the treatment of non-malignant Hodgkin lymphoma in
      children].

PMID- 6371738
TI  - [Does exploratory laparotomy with splenectomy prolong the life of patients with
      Hodgkin's disease?].

PMID- 6371739
TI  - [Adverse effects of splenectomy].

PMID- 6371740
TI  - [Natural cytotoxic cells (NK cells)].

PMID- 6371741
TI  - [Effect of aging on insulin and growth hormone secretion].

PMID- 6371742
TI  - [Early phase of insulin secretion after glucose stimulation in type II diabetes
      mellitus with hyper- and hypocalcemia].

PMID- 6371743
TI  - [Neutralizing properties of alkalies produced by the Polish pharmaceutical
      industry].

PMID- 6371744
TI  - [Intestinal metaplasia and stomach cancer].

PMID- 6371745
TI  - The renal lysosomes in acute experimental pancreatitis in dogs treated with
      prostacyclin (PGI2).
AB  - The inflammatory process in pancreas affects the function and structure of
      kidneys both by enzymatic toxemia and impairment of the renal circulation. In
      this study the stability of renal lysosomes in AEP in dogs treated with
      cytoprotective agent PGI2 was investigated. AEP was induced by injection of the
      bile and trypsin into the pancreatic duct; experiments were terminated after 12
      hours. In lysosomal enriched subfraction of the kidney cortex (sedimenting in 15
      000 x g) in untreated group (N = 5) relative free activity (r.f.a.) of cathepsins
      (Cs), acid phosphatase (APh) and beta-glucuronidase (BG) increased to 51,67 and
      62% respectively, whereas in healthy dogs (N = 6) these activities were 20,38 and
      25%. In dogs (N = 6) treated with PGI2 at the dose of 20 ng/kg/min. during 12
      hrs, the r.f.a. of Cs, APh and BG was 18,40 and 49%, whereas in dogs (N = 5)
      additionally pretreated during 1 hr before induction of AEP with the same dose of
      PGI2, its values achieved 19,40 and 47% respectively. Our results suggest the
      stabilizing effect of PGI2 on kidney lysosomes damaged in acute experimental
      pancreatitis in dog. As possible mechanisms of prostacyclin action are discussed:
      limitation of necrotic process in the pancreas; improvement of renal
      haemodynamics; direct cytoprotective effect on the kidney.

PMID- 6371746
TI  - [Cytoplasmic phospholipid-transporting proteins].

PMID- 6371747
TI  - [Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase].

PMID- 6371748
TI  - [Molecular mechanisms of cellular resistance to antifolates].

PMID- 6371749
TI  - [Biological role of cyanogenic compounds and hydrogen cyanide].

PMID- 6371750
TI  - From horse and buggy practice to world-renowned medical center. History of the
      Cleveland Clinic Foundation.

PMID- 6371751
TI  - Coronary disease prevention. Proof of the anticholesterol pudding.

PMID- 6371752
TI  - Acute Hemophilus parainfluenzae epiglottitis in an adult.
AB  - A 60-year-old man, who had non-insulin-dependent diabetes but was otherwise in
      good health, was hospitalized for sudden upper airway obstruction and respiratory
      arrest. Findings on fiberoptic laryngoscopy were consistent with acute
      epiglottitis. Blood cultures and factor analysis later revealed that the
      responsible pathogen was Hemophilus parainfluenzae. Acute epiglottitis in the
      adult is no longer considered rare and is usually attributed to H influenzae. The
      case described here and two other cases reported elsewhere indicate that H
      parainfluenzae may also be a cause of this serious and often fatal infection of
      the upper respiratory tract.

PMID- 6371753
TI  - Euthyroid sick syndrome. Association with urosepsis in an elderly man.
AB  - A 91-year-old man with chronic incontinence managed by indwelling catheter was
      hospitalized for investigation of fever, hypotension, and cloudy urine. Dopamine
      was administered to maintain adequate blood pressure, and cefazolin and
      tobramycin were given for presumed urosepsis. Persistent bradycardia suggested
      hypothyroidism, but laboratory data were consistent with euthyroid sick syndrome.
      Thyroid values returned to normal with correction of the sepsis and improvement
      in nutrition. Exogenous thyroid was not necessary. The case reported here
      demonstrates that proper assessment of thyroid function in an acutely or
      chronically ill elderly patient requires attention to the factors that can
      influence thyroid values--such as non-thyroidal illness like sepsis, poor
      nutritional status, and use of medication like dopamine--as well as careful
      correlation of results of thyroid function studies with clinical findings.
      Euthyroid sick syndrome resolves with correction of the underlying disease and
      improvement in nutrition. In addition, the total thyroxine (T4) value in this
      condition is a good predictor of risk of death.

PMID- 6371754
TI  - Effects of infection of Eimeria tenella, E. acervulina, and E. maxima upon
      Salmonella typhimurium infection in chickens.
AB  - Three experiments were conducted to examine whether Salmonella typhimurium
      infection is enhanced by concurrent infection with Eimeria tenella, E.
      acervulina, or E. maxima. There were two groups in each experiment: birds
      infected with a daily oral dose of approximately 1 X 10(4) cfu of S. typhimurium
      for 5 days after coccidial infection and birds infected with S. typhimurium alone
      with the similar exposure schedule. Chickens were necropsied 7, 10, and 14 days
      after coccidial infection. The numbers of S. typhimurium in the contents of ceca
      and small intestine were counted, and numbers of chickens positive for S.
      typhimurium in the liver and bile were examined. In E. tenella infection, the S.
      typhimurium counts in the ceca and small intestine of concurrently infected
      chickens were significantly greater than those of birds infected with S.
      typhimurium alone. In E. acervulina infection, the S. typhimurium counts in the
      ceca of chickens killed 14 days after E. acervulina infection and the numbers of
      birds positive for S. typhimurium in the ceca of chickens killed 10 and 14 days
      after E. acervulina infection were significantly greater than those of chickens
      infected with S. typhimurium alone. In E. maxima infection, the numbers of birds
      positive for S. typhimurium in the ceca and liver of chickens killed 7 days after
      E. maxima infection were significantly greater than those of birds infected with
      S. typhimurium alone. Results of this study indicate that infection with E.
      acervulina or E. maxima is able to enhance S. typhimurium infection in chickens.

PMID- 6371755
TI  - Advanced gonadal development in male turkeys following knife cuts directed to the
      hypothalamus.
AB  - Turkey poults when 4 weeks of age received parasagittal knife cuts of the total
      hypothalamic area. Each of the two knife cuts was 1.2 mm lateral from midline and
      extended from the preoptic area to the mamillary hypothalamic region. Five
      experimentals survived only 3 to 5 days following surgery as none was able to eat
      or drink. Three experimentals showed prematurely developed wattles and caruncles
      about the neck, larger testes, and more advanced stages of spermatozoan
      development and tubule growth compared to sham-operated controls. When male
      poults were placed in a floor pen two of the three experimentals displayed mating
      behavior by strutting. No strutting was observed in controls. Similar to the
      chicken, male poults receiving parasagittal knife cuts throughout the anterior
      posterior extent of the hypothalamus and thalamus showed advanced gonadal
      development.

PMID- 6371756
TI  - [Prosthesis designs for the partially edentulous jaw].

PMID- 6371757
TI  - [Primary splints for the remaining teeth, the upper right canine, second premolar
      and second molar].

PMID- 6371758
TI  - [The Konus telescopic crown for the remaining teeth: the upper right first
      premolar, upper left incisors and canine, the lower canines and the lower left
      second premolar].

PMID- 6371759
TI  - [Bridge and partial I-bar denture for the remaining upper canines and second
      premolars].

PMID- 6371760
TI  - [A simple overlay denture for the remaining upper right first molar and upper
      left second premolar].

PMID- 6371761
TI  - [Bridge and I-bar clasp denture for the remaining lower canines and first
      premolars].

PMID- 6371762
TI  - [Overlay denture with a short metal coping for a lower left canine].

PMID- 6371763
TI  - [A telescopic C.S.C. for the remaining lower second incisors and canines].

PMID- 6371764
TI  - [A telescopic C.S.C. for the remaining lower right first premolar and the lower
      left second incisor, canine and second molar].

PMID- 6371765
TI  - [Battisti attachment for an overlay denture and mandibular overlay denture with
      short coping].

PMID- 6371766
TI  - [A complete bridge with implants for the remaining lower canines and lower left
      first premolar and third molar].

PMID- 6371767
TI  - [Free ending partial denture -- 5 cases and prognosis].

PMID- 6371768
TI  - [Abutment formation for a crown bridge. 2. Considerations prior to abutment
      formation].

PMID- 6371769
TI  - [Agar-alginate continuous impression taking].

PMID- 6371770
TI  - [4-point occlusal method. Crown formation without changing centric relation and
      vertical jaw distance].

PMID- 6371771
TI  - [How to interpret the "ridged-lap pontic"].

PMID- 6371772
TI  - [Adjuvant BCG therapy in radical resection of lung cancer].

PMID- 6371773
TI  - [Immunohistochemical methods in the diagnosis of soft tissue tumors].

PMID- 6371774
TI  - Teaching health education in medical education: selected perspectives.
AB  - Growing awareness of the need to incorporate prevention and psychosocial
      considerations into medical care practice has led to the inclusion of formal
      health education curricula in medical schools and residency programs. This paper
      examines the role of health education in medical education from several
      perspectives: an historical background, a review of the literature, and a
      characterization of current programs in the United States.

PMID- 6371775
TI  - Exercise-induced changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins.
AB  - Men and women who participate in vigorous endurance-type exercise generally have
      plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles consistent with lower risk for coronary
      heart disease. The major differences from matched physically inactive controls
      appear to be a lower plasma triglyceride concentration and greater high-density
      lipoprotein mass, due to increased levels of the subfraction HDL2 and apoprotein
      A-I. Plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration is less likely to
      be lower than in the inactive controls. Exercise training studies suggest a lower
      threshold--of around 1,000 kcal per week of endurance-type exercise at moderate
      intensity--seems to be required to produce plasma lipid or lipoprotein changes.
      Above this level, dose-response relationship exists, with greater changes
      occurring up to an expenditure of 4,500 kcal per week. From the limited data
      available, it appears more difficult to change the plasma lipoprotein
      concentration in women by exercise training than in men. Modification of activity
      of enzymes involved in triglyceride and cholesterol synthesis, transport, and
      catabolism most likely mediates these exercise-induced changes.

PMID- 6371776
TI  - Exercise in the prevention of coronary heart disease.
AB  - Epidemiological studies have left no doubt as to the existence of a strong
      inverse relationship between physical exercise and coronary heart disease (CHD)
      risk. British studies of transport workers and civil servants, together with
      American studies of stevedores and college alumni, have provided persuasive
      evidence that contemporary vigorous activity is accompanied by lower risk of both
      fatal and nonfatal CHD. The relationship is largely independent of influential
      characteristics of high risk such as cigarette smoking, hypertension, obesity,
      and family history of hypertensive--atherosclerotic disease. Recent studies of
      occupational or leisure physical exercise among residents of Framingham,
      Massachusetts, the state of Iowa, four residential areas of Holland, urban--rural
      sections of Puerto Rico, Seattle--King County, Washington, city employees in Los
      Angeles, and various regions of Finland and Norway support the likelihood that
      the inverse relationship of exercise and CHD is causal, signifying a protective
      effect of exercise rather than an incidental contrast due to a selective
      influence of precursive CHD symptoms. Experimental studies in monkeys have added
      laboratory evidence that endurance exercise inhibits the development of CHD. The
      questions we need to address are not whether exercise is a real element for
      cardiovascular health, but what kind of exercise is needed, and how much, i.e.,
      with what frequency, intensity, timing, and duration. An understanding of the
      ways and means by which exercise alters CHD risk is only beginning to emerge, but
      there is wide acceptance that its benefits are vitally needed in the sedentary
      Western world.

PMID- 6371777
TI  - Relationship of physical activity, glucose tolerance, and weight management.
AB  - Diabetes mellitus and hyperinsulinemia have been demonstrated by population
      studies to be risk factors for ischemic heart disease (IHD). But, the
      relationship of glucose intolerance to IHD is still unclear. Restricted physical
      activity and obesity both result experimentally in glucose intolerance and cell
      insulin insensitivity with hyperinsulinemia and may contribute to IHD. Prolonged
      moderate-intensity exercise lowers plasma insulin levels in obese
      hyperinsulinemic subjects as well as in nonobese subjects. Increased insulin
      binding to cell receptors (and number of insulin receptors) and a decrease in
      insulin secretion from the pancreas are believed to be contributing mechanisms.
      The independent effect of exercise on glucose tolerance is less clear, although
      there are strong indications favoring the positive effects of physical activity.
      There is also suggestive evidence that exercise may be beneficial in improving
      metabolic control in type II diabetes. Regular exercise together with appropriate
      diet and correction of obesity seems to be a more promising approach to improving
      glucose tolerance and controlling diabetes than does exercise alone.

PMID- 6371778
TI  - Exercise in the management and rehabilitation of selected chronic diseases.
AB  - The effects of exercise on the progression of eight chronic diseases or medical
      conditions are reviewed. In the case of coronary artery disease (CAD), there is
      some suggestive evidence that exercise is associated with a survival advantage.
      Exercise does not consistently increase blood flow in peripheral vascular
      disease, nor does it improve lung function in patients with chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease. However, it is associated with increased physical work
      capacity in these two conditions. Preliminary studies suggest that exercise may
      be beneficial in the management of pulmonary secretions in patients with cystic
      fibrosis. Exercise has no therapeutic role in acute exacerbations of rheumatoid
      arthritis, but in the chronic stages, exercise that does not cause pain may be
      beneficial. Exercise is the focal point of chronic pain syndrome programs. With
      exercise programs, patients with chronic pain can increase physical work capacity
      with a decrease in complaints of pain. Patients with osteoporosis appear to
      benefit from a carefully programmed low-level exercise program that avoids back
      flexion exercises. Blood glucose, hypertension, and serum lipid levels improve
      with exercise in patients with dialysis-dependent renal failure.

PMID- 6371779
TI  - Psychological effects of habitual aerobic exercise: a critical review.
AB  - Controlled experiments of the effects of habitual aerobic exercise on mood,
      personality, and cognition are reviewed. The results indicate that exercise
      improves self-concept. They provide little evidence for claims that exercise
      improved anxiety, depression, body image, personality, or cognition. Several
      processes have been hypothesized to mediate the psychological benefits of
      exercise but none has been adequately tested. Future research should examine the
      individuals and the disorders that are most likely to experience psychological
      benefits from exercise, the types of exercise that are most beneficial, and the
      proposed mechanisms for the psychological benefits.

PMID- 6371780
TI  - Exercise for optimal health: strategies and motivational considerations.
AB  - It appears that most people who engage in exercise for 20-60 min per day, 3 days
      per week, at an intensity level of 70-80% of maximal heart rate will derive at
      least some health-related benefits associated with improved cardiorespiratory
      fitness and optimal body weight. Individuals exhibiting extremely low
      cardiorespiratory fitness can probably derive benefits from even less exercise,
      while higher intensity and/or longer duration may be required to optimize some
      desired changes, particularly in areas associated with metabolic adaptation
      relative to blood lipids, diabetes, and psychological affect. While there is some
      evidence that it may take less exercise to maintain fitness levels already
      attained, a lifelong pattern of regular physical activity is recommended to
      optimize health-related benefits. Strategies which have been successful in
      combating high attrition rates in exercise programs include educational efforts
      to increase the participants' awareness pf exercise benefits; assessment
      procedures which determine the participants' needs, provide continuous
      motivational reinforcement, and accurately record improvement; and written
      contracts which hold participants accountable for reaching realistic goals within
      specified time periods.

PMID- 6371781
TI  - [Biological functions and the practical use of chitin].
AB  - The review is dedicated to chitin--a wide-spread in nature polyaminosaccharide.
      Its main physico-chemical properties and biological role in the cell are
      analyzed. The review centres round the practical use of chitin and its
      derivatives. Natural resources, modern modes for production and application of
      chitin and its derivatives in industry, medicine, biotechnology and agriculture
      are discussed.

PMID- 6371782
TI  - [Purification and properties of phenylalanyl-tRNA-synthetase from Escherichia
      coli MRE-600].
AB  - A preparative scale method for isolation of highly purified phenylalanyl-tRNA
      synthetase from E. coli MRE-600 was developed. It consists of cell destroying,
      nucleic acid precipitation with streptomycine sulfate, fractionation with
      ammonium sulfate followed by chromatography on different carriers (Sephadex G
      200, DEAE-cellulose, DEAE-Sephadex A-50, and hydroxyapatite). The mode of cell
      destroying was found to affect the process of the further enzyme purification.
      The phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase was purified 540-fold, with recovery being 20.6%
      and the specific activity - 540 units per mg protein. The enzyme content in the
      purified preparation was 80-90% judging by electrophoresis in PAAG. The molecular
      weights of the subunits determined by electrophoresis under denaturative
      conditions were found to be 102,000 +/- 4000 (beta) and 42,000 +/- 2000 (alpha).
      The molecular weight of the native enzyme determined by gel filtration through
      Sephadex G-200 and electrophoresis at varied concentrations of polyacrylamide was
      found to be 340,000 +/- 20,000. The Km values for tRNA, ATP and phenylalanine in
      the aminoacylation reaction are equal to 5.4 X 10(-7) M, 1,9 X 10(-4) M, and 3.7
      X 10(-6) M, respectively.

PMID- 6371783
TI  - [Determination of cell wall amino sugars in Streptococcus on a carbohydrate
      analyzer].
AB  - A method of determining aminosaccharides (muramic acid, glucosamine and
      galactosamine) by means of a carbohydrate analyzer "Biotronic" using the cation
      exchange resin DC-6 A ("Durrum") was developed. Chromatographic conditions
      correspond to the conditions of neutral sugar analysis on a column with DCh-4
      resin, that enables after a slight modification of the analyzer to pass from the
      determining of aminosaccharides to the determining of neutral sugars. The method
      was used for determining the carbohydrate composition of streptococcus cell
      walls. The results obtained allow to conclude that using this method one can get
      more information on the hydrocarbon composition of various biological objects
      than using the method of aminosaccharide determining by means of aminoacid
      anylyzer, which is widely in practice nowadays.

PMID- 6371784
TI  - [Incidence of decreased insulin sensitivity in obese patients].
AB  - A method has been presented for the detection of organism sensitivity to insulin,
      involving simultaneous administration of insulin (intravenously) and the solution
      of partially hydrolized starch (orally), followed by the determination of the
      blood sugar level after 1 and 2 hours. By means of this method sensitivity to
      insulin was established in 55 patients with obesity and 16 healthy humans. It was
      found that sensitivity to insulin among patients with obesity of the I-III stages
      is lowered in 33% of cases and in subjects with the IV stage of the disease in
      62%. The results of the determination of sensitivity to exogenous insulin
      correlate with IRI level in these patients.

PMID- 6371785
TI  - [Use of parlodel as a therapeutic preparation in the combined therapy of a
      patient with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 6371787
TI  - [Roentgenologic findings in the urinary tract of children with spina bifida and
      meningomyelocele].
AB  - In the years 1972-1979, 63 infants with spina bifida and myelomeningocele were
      under observation: in this group there were 29 boys and 34 girls, newborns and
      infants constituted 51% of this group. In 54 children spina bifida is observed in
      lumbar and/or lumborsacral segments of spine. In the roentgenographic evaluation
      the congenital malformations of urinary tract were present in 13% cases.
      Congenital skeletal malformations were coexistent in 9% children. In the first
      I.V.P. the roentgen appearance of hydronephrosis were manifested in 33%, in
      cystography abnormal picture was observed in 80% cases. The changes in neurogenic
      bladder were: trabeculated wall, obstructions of the flow of urine, residual
      urine and in 38% cases reflux into the kidney. Spontaneous flow of urine and
      normal micturition cystography is observed only in children, in which spina
      bifida was stated below second lumbar vertebral segment. No correlation exists
      between the level of spina bifida and radiological image of urinary tract.

PMID- 6371786
TI  - [Effect of thyroidectomy on the beta-cell function of the pancreatic islet
      apparatus].
AB  - The functional activity of the insular apparatus of the pancreas with varying
      function of beta-cells and body sensitivity to insulin were studied in vivo and
      in vitro in an experimental hypothyroidal condition produced by total removal of
      the thyroid from rabbits and rats. Insulin was detected by radioimmunoassay,
      whereas insulin biosynthesis was assessed from 3H-leucin incorporation into the
      de novo formed islet proteins with insulin immunoreactivity (proinsulin plus
      insulin). The insulin test (0.3 Units/kg mass, intravenously) was made to study
      glycemia and the level of non-esterified fatty acids in the blood serum. Thirty
      days after thyroidectomy glucose homeostasis was not disturbed, and the body
      sensitivity to sugar-reducing and antilypolytic insulin actions did not undergo
      any changes. The deficiency of thyroid hormones produced an increase in basal and
      glucose-induced insulinemia (intravenous glucose tolerance test) and a rise in
      the exogenous insulin break down rate. No changes in the biosynthesis of insulin
      by the islets were detected. The increase in the secretory response of beta-cells
      to glucose with undisturbed insulin formation presents a compensatory reaction
      aimed at making normal glycemia possible. The regulating effect of thyroid
      hormones on the secretory response of beta-cells and the essential role of the
      latter in glucose homeostasis under deficiency of thyroid hormones are discussed.

PMID- 6371788
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of Zaditen syrup in the treatment of children with bronchial
      asthma].
AB  - 60 children with atopic asthma were included to the doubleblind study, in order
      to compare Zaditen and Clemastine. The trial was completed after 12 weeks of
      treatment. The efficacy was evaluated on the basis of clinical observation, lung
      function measurements and laboratory data. The Zaditen was shown to have more
      beneficial clinical effect on studied group than Clemastine. The lung function
      measurements before and after treatment did not showed much difference, although
      a significant decrease of the nonspecific bronchial reactivity to histamine was
      observed in the group receiving Zaditen . This was observed shortly after
      beginning of the treatment up to 6 weeks. Zaditen sirup was well tolerated and
      the only side effect observed was a significant weight increase, which could be
      explained by the elevation of serum sodium ions concentration.

PMID- 6371789
TI  - [Uterine wall perforation as a complication of the intrauterine Spiran
      contraceptive device].
AB  - A case of asymptomatic perforation of uterine wall as a complication of polish
      IUD " Spiran " application was demonstrated. Underlying rareness of this
      complication hypothesis of its mechanism in this case are discussed.

PMID- 6371790
TI  - [Disorders of vaginal biocenosis in women with risk of genital cancer].
AB  - 473 women 38-71 years old were examined. 55 women with physiologic biocenosis of
      the vagina were included into control group. In remaining (418) there were
      detected: erosions, cancers of the cervix, hyperplasias and cancers of the
      endometrium of the uterine body, inflammations, leukoplakia and cancers of the
      vulva. Microbiological examinations consisted if indirect examinations of vaginal
      content and of artificial cultures on different media. Disturbances in vaginal
      biocenosis was diagnosed in the greater part of examined women. There were
      concluded that in praeneoplasie disease and in neoplasms of female genital organ
      inflammatory process has been. The authors suggests about necessity of
      prophylaxis of inflammations by microbiological examinations and treatment of
      women with the threat of female genital organ neoplasms.

PMID- 6371791
TI  - [High-molecular-weight lipoprotein concentrations in pneumonia in children and
      experimental animals].
AB  - Bacterial sepsis can alter the level of serum lipids in man. We have been to find
      any reports on lipoproteins in children with pneumonia. The study group comprised
      25 children from 9 months to 4 years suffering from severe pneumonia. The initial
      phase of disease in most of the children involved an increase in endogenous
      triglyceride values and a decrease in the lipids of high density lipoproteins
      (HDL). An increase in VLDL and decrease in VLDL and decrease in HDL were
      confirmed by lipoprotein electrophoresis. The drastic fall in HDL resulted in HDL
      cholesterol and phospholipid levels as low as 50 and 100 mg/l respectively.
      Etiological factors were gramnegative bacteria. On remission HDL levels increased
      and that of VLDL decreased. Similar lipid investigations have been performed in
      animals (rabbits). The results of these investigations were convergent with those
      obtained in children. The extend and intensity of the lung changes were not,
      however, connected with the kind of bacillus with which the children were
      infected. It is probable that retention of triglycerides is the result of the
      reduction in HDL concentration. The question arises whether the low HDL level can
      be linked with synthesis of surfactant lecithin in pulmonary alveoli, or with
      endotoxin.

PMID- 6371792
TI  - [Continuous positive pressure respiration by nasal route (n-CPAP) as a preferred
      treatment method in various types of acute respiratory insufficiency in newborn
      infants].
AB  - The process of adaptation for extrauterine life can be easily disturbed by
      respiratory insufficiency. The surfactant deficiency as well as anatomical and
      physiological immaturity of a newborn can be considered as etiological factors in
      some diseases, such as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), transient tachypnoea
      (TT) syndrome, segmental atelectasis or pneumonia complicated by atelectasis. The
      widespread used method of treatment is based on mechanical increase of difference
      between alveolar and atmospheric pressure. So-called constant distending pressure
      (CDP) increases functional residual capacity (FRC), keeps alveoli open and
      finally increases oxygenation of arterial blood. During 3 years period continuous
      positive airway pressure by nasal route (n-CPAP) was used as only one method in
      26 newborns. The newborns were treated because of RDS (15 cases) and pneumonia
      with atelectasis (11 cases). n-CPAP was starting with pressure 8 cm H2O (0.8 kPa)
      and FIO2 0.5, if atelectasis with severe dyspnea, hypoxia and forced
      hyperventilation were found. This method was very well tolerated. 22 newborns
      treated for 2-7 days--survived, 4 small-for-date babies--died. The most common
      cause of death was septicaemia complicated by disseminated intravascular
      coagulation. The moderate hyperbilirubinemia, oliguria with tissue oedema was
      observed in many cases. The light nostril decubitus were only complications. No
      pneumothorax was detected. We found n-CPAP as a simple, safe method in treatment
      of atelectasis in newborns.

PMID- 6371793
TI  - [History of the control of tuberculosis in farm animals].

PMID- 6371794
TI  - CT scanning and schizophrenia: a review.
AB  - Methods currently used to quantify CT scans are reviewed, and the benefits and
      limitations of linear and area measurements are compared. The evidence suggesting
      that a subgroup of schizophrenics has significantly larger ventricles than normal
      is examined, with the conclusion that, while not diagnostically useful,
      ventricular enlargement is of use for theories of pathogenesis. Sulcal
      enlargement, brain density changes and cerebral asymmetry are also considered.

PMID- 6371795
TI  - Extracting meaning and direction from twin data.
AB  - This paper reviews the current status of the twin method as a research tool in
      psychiatry. It is shown that the common practice of reporting only probandwise
      concordance rates leaves much of the meaning unextracted from the data, and that
      by including appropriate estimates of the population risk, the concordance rates
      can be converted into liability correlation coefficients, which can be assessed
      within the theoretical framework of multifactorial-threshold-polygenic disorders.

PMID- 6371796
TI  - Values in dynamic psychotherapy: measurement and social choice.
AB  - This review advocates more attention to the properties of measures of change in
      psychotherapy research. It anticipates the development of cardinal measures of
      different attributes, which can be combined by methods of proven validity, and
      placed on scales of value or utility.

PMID- 6371797
TI  - Diagnosis and classification of affective disorders: new insights from clinical
      and laboratory approaches.
AB  - Distinctions among affective disorders are reviewed in the light of dexamethasone
      non-suppression (DST) and shortened REM latency. Against the background of
      clinical, genetic and pharmacological information, such procedures may help to
      clarify biological continuities and discontinuities which need to be incorporated
      into the classification of affective disorders, and their differentiation from
      border conditions. Normal loss reactions, anxiety and dysphoric states are
      distinguishable from primary depression on the basis of REM latency. The
      melancholias, which tend in addition to be DST positive, are set apart from other
      primary depressions. Psychotic unipolar and bipolar depressions are classed under
      melancholia, because they tend to be most deviant in terms of cortisol non
      suppression. Yet the fact that REM latency is abbreviated in most primary
      depressions, irrespective of the presence of melancholic features, argues for
      combining the two groups within a single class. These considerations suggest that
      the distinctions among affective subtypes are both categorical and dimensional.

PMID- 6371798
TI  - Standardized interviews in psychiatry.
AB  - Although they have a long history of use, standardized or structured interviews
      for the gathering of clinical data in psychiatry have become increasingly popular
      in the last 10 years. Some definitions of structured interviews and a brief
      historical review of their use are presented. In addition to enhancing the
      reliability of symptoms and diagnoses in research, there is evidence that
      structured interviews improve the comprehensiveness of the data base, and reduce
      examiner bias. Even in the routine clinical setting, completeness of data
      collection and accuracy of diagnosis would appear to outweigh potential
      disadvantages. The scope and limitations of instruments currently in common use
      (PSE and SADS), and the DIS, developed for epidemiological use by non-clinician
      interviewers in an extensive NIMH study, are reviewed. The importance of future
      developments in structured interview design derives from widespread recognition
      of the significance of precisely defined diagnostic criteria in research and
      practice.

PMID- 6371799
TI  - Problems of studying antisocial behavior.
AB  - The importance of antisocial behaviour is underlined by the magnitude of the
      problem (largest category of emotional disturbance in youth) and by the poor
      psychosocial prognosis for the chronically affected child. The
      medical/psychological approach has pointed to the role of marital discord and
      parental psychopathology as significant features in the individual's environment
      predicting antisocial development. Conversely, sociology and criminology, which
      have begun with social theories, appear to have had less statistical success in
      accounting for aetiology. Definition of conduct disorder in terms of type,
      duration, frequency, and severity of anti-social behaviour is indispensible for
      the characterization of subgroups of affected children, and hence variables which
      protect against or accentuate risk factors. Prognosis depends among other things
      on age of onset (worse younger) and setting (home or community), implying that
      treatment programmes cannot be evaluated adequately without the differential
      characterisation of subgroups, their natural histories, and responsiveness to
      intervention. Although such data come from the study of individuals, case-by-case
      treatment runs the risk in certain groups of escalating anti-social behaviour.
      Thus community/youth oriented interventions, focusing on the remedial treatment
      of learning handicaps, improvement of non-school skills, may provide more
      promising points of attack. Incomplete knowledge of aetiology should not prevent
      action, provided the methodological issues raised serve as the basis for vigorous
      evaluation.

PMID- 6371800
TI  - Problems in studying suicide.
AB  - Suicide is distinct from suicide attempt, in terms of male predominance (2:1),
      presence of serious psychiatric morbidity, and in the choice of rapidly effective
      means which will not be interrupted. However 1 per cent per year, and 10 per cent
      overall, of those attempting will progress to completed suicide. Communication of
      intent is the most significant and frequent danger signal of suicide, and the
      attempt may be such a communication. Useful prognostic features of the attempt
      are the medical seriousness of the act (overdose accounts for 90 per cent of
      attempts, and only 25 per cent of suicides), and the psychiatric seriousness of
      the patient's mental state. Suicide in the absence of psychiatric illness is
      rare. Depression is the most common associated illness, and whereas the
      distinction between major and minor is probably not prognostically significant,
      the presence of current depression is. The lifetime risk of suicide in depressive
      illness is 15 per cent. The second largest contributor is alcoholism, in
      particular alcoholics who have experienced loss of a close personal relationship.
      Other significant psychiatric diagnoses include schizophrenia, organic brain
      syndrome and personality disorder. Suicide rates differ internationally, but the
      identification of significant socio-cultural risk factors is hampered by the
      official differences in ascertainment which exist. Although suicide rates
      increase with each decade of life, there has been a steady recent rise in suicide
      rates in many countries, which has been occurring disproportionately among the
      group aged 15-34.

PMID- 6371801
TI  - A critical review of sleep and its disorders from a developmental perspective.
AB  - A review of EEG sleep physiology and disorders of sleep is presented from a
      developmental perspective. After sleep physiology is reviewed in relation to the
      aging process, with various sleep changes considered as possible signs of normal
      or pathological aging, sleep disorder characteristics of different parts of the
      life cycle and/or the ontogenetic aspects of sleep disorders per se are also
      described. This review highlights the need for four diverse but related areas of
      research: (1) longitudinal studies to describe the natural history of primary
      sleep disorders; (2) controlled treatment and outcome studies; (3) additional
      epidemiologic inquiries using the currently available systematic nosology of
      sleep-wake disorders; and (4) further neurochemical and chronobiological
      investigation of basic mechanisms potentially involved in age-related sleep
      changes.

PMID- 6371802
TI  - Association and linkage studies of genetic marker loci in major psychiatric
      disorders.
AB  - Studies of the segregation of major psychiatric disorders in families are
      consistent with multiple threshold polygenic models rather than with major locus
      transmission. This does not however rule out the possibility of identifying major
      locus traits that correlate with disease susceptibility. One approach has been to
      ascertain the degree of association between well characterized genetic markers
      and psychiatric disorders. The theory and methodology of such association and
      linkage studies are reviewed. The results of such studies lead to the conclusion
      that the association of ABO and HLA subtypes with affective disorders and
      schizophrenia is extremely variable, although there may be an association between
      HLA A9 and paranoid schizophrenia. The alternative strategy has been to identify
      specific genetically transmitted traits which are associated with disorders, and
      so could represent potential etiological factors. A review of these studies
      points to the potential usefulness of cholinergic and GABA markers for
      susceptibility to affective disorders. CT scan traits and attentional variables
      appear to be the most promising indicators of susceptibility to schizophrenia.
      cDNA probes in restriction enzyme digests for regularly spaced polymorphisms, and
      restriction fragment length polymorphisms offer the promise of a radical
      expansion in the number of markers available for linkage studies.

PMID- 6371803
TI  - Agoraphobia, panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder: some implications
      of recent advances.
AB  - The nature of the relationship between 'panic disorder', agoraphobia and general
      anxiety disorder remains open. The aetiological theories which have tried to link
      them with the aid of biological and psychological concepts fail to take account
      of conflicting observations. 'Panic' attacks are not confined to agoraphobic and
      related disorders, being indistinguishable from the attacks of acute anxiety and
      phobic aversion manifest in a wide range of anxiety and affective disorders.
      There is continuity and discontinuity in the evolution of agoraphobia; those
      affected differ in respect of a range of premorbid features from patients with
      other disorders and control subjects. These variables include family history,
      life development, trait anxiety and other personality characteristics including
      introversion, neuroticism and probably emotional dependence on others. Not all
      the claims made on behalf of the efficacy of pharmacological treatment on the one
      hand and behavioural therapies on the other are substantiated. The success
      achieved by behavioural treatment appear to endure over some years. But the
      residual disabilities and defects that follow all forms of treatment and the
      problems posed by patient selection and high drop-out rates have received
      insufficient attention. Aetiological theories of agoraphobia and related
      conditions have been advanced along biomedical, psychological and psychodynamic
      lines. Some evidence supports each kind of theory. But none is wholly consistent
      with the findings regarding its phenomenology and evolution. Recent biological
      investigations have led to the formulation of hypotheses in relation to
      anticipatory and chronic anxiety in terms of changes in synaptic connections,
      enhancement of transmitter release as well as alterations in molecular
      configuration and regulation of gene expression. It would be premature to
      conclude that these findings can provide a unitary conceptual framework for the
      explanation of human anxiety disorders. The psychological, behavioural and
      psychodynamic aspects of this group of disorders should all continue to receive
      due attention both in clinical management and scientific investigation.

PMID- 6371804
TI  - The electroencephalogram in psychiatry: clinical and research applications.
AB  - The main clinical value of the EEG in psychiatry is as a non-invasive tool for
      the investigation of organic mental syndromes and epilepsy. Predictions that CT
      scanning would make the EEG redundant have not been fulfilled. Indeed, the 2
      instruments complement each other, the EEG being a measure of function and the CT
      scan a reflection of brain structure. Both are proving useful in the
      investigation of dementia, providing different but complementary information
      about the extent and progress of the disease. Quantitative methods of EEG
      analysis using laboratory computers are now readily available. Significant
      changes in both the EEG background activity and event related potentials have
      been clearly demonstrated in the functional psychoses. These are not specific for
      any diagnostic condition. This implies that they reflect changes caused by the
      impact of the psychotic mental state on the individual's cognitive processes and
      level of arousal. The challenge for the future is to develop models of the
      relationship between the electrical events and underlying cognitive processes.
      Some progress has been made concerning the ERP changes in selective attention and
      in phobic disorder. The computerized EEG has a clearly established place in the
      investigation of drug action, by-passing the blood brain barrier and providing
      direct access to brain activity. Clearly this work may prove useful in the study
      of the effects of drug induced change on neurotransmitter systems. The EEG study
      of all night sleep in patients with functional psychiatric disorders has not
      lived up to the early expectations of workers in the field. Nevertheless the
      studies of insomnia and hypnotic drug effects have had valuable practical
      implications.

PMID- 6371805
TI  - Strategy for the mass spectrometric verification and correction of the primary
      structures of proteins deduced from their DNA sequences.
AB  - Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry has been used to confirm and correct
      regions from the amino acid sequences of three large proteins, glutaminyl- and
      glycyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli and methionyl-tRNA synthetase from
      yeast, whose primary structures had been deduced from the base sequences of their
      corresponding genes. The strategy is based on a comparison of the molecular
      weights of the tryptic peptides predicted from all three reading frames of the
      gene sequences with those determined mass spectrometrically. The experimental
      molecular weights either match or differ and can be used to assess the
      correctness of the base sequences, identify errors that lead to frame shifts,
      premature stop codons, incorrect amino acids, etc., or identify the presence of
      posttranslational modifications. This method is very fast and requires little
      material (5-20 nmol).

PMID- 6371806
TI  - Use of prokaryotic-derived probes to identify poly(sialic acid) in neonatal
      neuronal membranes.
AB  - Three prokaryotic-derived probes to identify and study the temporal expression of
      polysialosyl units in neuronal tissue have been developed. A polyclonal antibody,
      a bacteriophage-derived endo-neuraminidase, and an Escherichia coli K1
      sialyltransferase are all specific for either recognizing or synthesizing
      poly(sialic acid) containing alpha-2,8-ketosidic linkages. Polysialosyl
      immunoreactivity with apparent Mr values of 180,000-240,000 was specific for
      developing neuronal tissue; it was not detected in neonatal liver or kidney or in
      adult brain tissue. The developmentally regulated disappearance in poly(sialic
      acid) is consistent with the probes described here recognizing the polysialosyl
      carbohydrate units of a neuronal cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM). Treatment of
      brain extracts with a bacteriophage-derived endo-neuraminidase specific for alpha
      2,8-linked polysialosyl units abolished the immunoreactivity. The material
      solubilized by endo-neuraminidase was isolated, reduced with borotritide, and
      shown to contain oligomers of sialic acid with three to six sialyl units.
      Treatment of the 3H-labeled oligosialic acid with exo-neuraminidase
      quantitatively converted the radioactivity to sialitol, establishing that the
      brain-derived oligomers were composed solely of sialic acid. A membranous
      sialytransferase from E. coli K1 that can transfer sialic acid to exogenous
      acceptors of oligo- or poly(sialic acid) also recognized rat brain membranes,
      further substantiating the presence of poly(sialic acid) in rat brain. This
      conclusion was confirmed by using a mutant of E. coli K1 that was defective in
      the synthesis of poly(sialic acid) and could only transfer sialic acid to
      exogenous acceptors of oligo- or poly(sialic acid). Sialyl polymer synthesis was
      restored in the mutant when brain membranes were added as exogenous acceptor.

PMID- 6371807
TI  - Structure of human hemopexin: O-glycosyl and N-glycosyl sites and unusual
      clustering of tryptophan residues.
AB  - The primary structure of human hemopexin is being deduced from sequence analysis
      of a series of peptides obtained from chemical and enzymatic digests of the
      protein. Human hemopexin consists of about 440 amino acid residues. It has five
      sites of attachment of glucosamine oligosaccharides at the signal sequence of Asn
      X-Thr/Ser. A unique structural feature is the virtual blocking of the amino
      terminal threonine residue, which is O-linked to a galactosamine oligosaccharide
      that has not previously been identified in this protein. The galactosamine
      oligosaccharide and one glucosamine oligosaccharide are located in the amino
      terminal region, three of the glucosamine oligosaccharides are in the middle
      region, and one glucosamine oligosaccharide is in the carboxyl-terminal region of
      the protein. Two of the five glucosamine oligosaccharides are present in a
      histidine-rich sequence of the middle region of the protein, in which the
      histidines flank beta-turns presumably at the surface of hemopexin. Clusters of
      tryptophan residues occur in four regions, each of which contains three or four
      tryptophan residues separated by 0-12 other residues. This clustering is
      significant because both histidine and tryptophan have been implicated in the
      binding of heme. A computer analysis did not identify significant matches of
      human hemopexin to any protein, including cytochromes and other heme-binding
      proteins, which suggests that the human hemopexin gene evolved from a unique
      primordial gene differing from those of other heme-binding proteins.

PMID- 6371808
TI  - Cloning and expression of the gene for bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase.
AB  - The complete coding sequence of the gene for bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase (T7
      gene 1) has been cloned in the plasmid pBR322. Large amounts of active enzyme can
      be accumulated in Escherichia coli when the cloned gene is transcribed from the
      lac UV5 promoter. A protease activity that apparently can nick the protein
      without causing it to fall apart can be a problem during purification, but a
      procedure is described that gives good yields of essentially homogeneous, highly
      active enzyme suitable for biochemical and physical studies. T7 RNA polymerase
      has a stringent specificity for its own promoters and will selectively transcribe
      DNA that has been linked to such a promoter. This specificity makes the enzyme
      useful both for producing specific RNAs in vitro and for directing the expression
      of selected genes inside the cell. Having the cloned gene also makes possible a
      detailed mutational analysis of the functioning of T7 RNA polymerase.

PMID- 6371809
TI  - Identification of glial filament protein and vimentin in the same intermediate
      filament system in human glioma cells.
AB  - We have used a human glioma cell line (U-251MG) to study the expression and
      cytoplasmic organization of vimentin (decamin) and the glial filament protein
      (GFP). Four clones of the parental U-251 cultures were isolated and found to
      express GFP from 1-2% to 99% of the cells in the population. Double
      immunofluorescence microscopy with antibodies to vimentin and GFP has shown that,
      in all four clonal cell lines, vimentin-containing filaments are expressed in
      most cells as an organized network and, in GFP-positive cells, GFP and vimentin
      are associated with the same filament network. Immunoelectron microscopy with
      specific antibodies labeled with colloidal gold particles of various sizes shows
      that GFP and vimentin are localized in the same filaments. These findings confirm
      in vitro studies of the copolymerization of subunits of different biochemical
      nature into the same intermediate filament and suggest the in vivo probability of
      the coassembly of GFP and vimentin from a possible soluble pool of monomers.

PMID- 6371810
TI  - Antibodies of predetermined specificity against chemically synthesized peptides
      of human interleukin 2.
AB  - This communication describes the preparation of antibodies to human interleukin 2
      (IL-2), using as immunogens synthetic peptides derived from the predicted amino
      acid sequence of IL-2. Rabbits and mice were immunized with protein carrier
      conjugates of eight chemically synthesized IL-2-derived peptides, each consisting
      of 13-15 amino acids. The immune antisera were screened in a solid-phase ELISA
      for reactivity to a native human IL-2. Antibodies to four of the eight peptides
      were found by a variety of biological and immuno-chemical criteria to react
      against human IL-2. Furthermore, an affinity-purified antibody to one of the IL-2
      peptides (peptide 84) specifically stained the cytoplasm of phytohemagglutinin
      stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes or T-leukemic cells (Jurkat).
      Antibodies to synthetic IL-2 peptides should serve as useful probes for studying
      this lymphokine and for developing quantitative assays for measuring its levels
      in biological fluids and its association with disease.

PMID- 6371811
TI  - C6 glioma cell-conditioned medium induces neurite outgrowth and survival of rat
      chromaffin cells in vitro: comparison with the effects of nerve growth factor.
AB  - The effects of medium conditioned by rat C6 glioma cells (C6-CM) on the survival,
      neurite formation, and catecholamine content of adrenal medullary cells in
      culture were investigated and compared with the effects of nerve growth factor
      (NGF). Adrenal medullary cells were isolated from 10-day-old rats and the
      proportions of surviving and neurite-extending cells were determined after 8 days
      in culture. In the presence of C6-CM virtually all seeded cells survived and 50%
      developed neuritic processes. In contrast, NGF did not support survival above
      control levels (30%) and induced neurite formation from approximately one-third
      of the surviving cells. C6-CM and NGF had no additive effects on neurite
      outgrowth. C6-CM-mediated fiber outgrowth was not inhibited by physiological
      concentrations of glucocorticoids which abolished the NGF-induced neurite
      formation. Both C6-CM and NGF increased the catecholamine content of the cultures
      and reduced the relative content of epinephrine. However, in view of its
      substantial effect on cell survival as compared to NGF, C6-CM caused a reduction
      of the catecholamine content per cell. We conclude that adrenal medullary cells,
      like other members of the sensory-sympathetic cell lineage of the neural crest,
      respond to glial-conditioned medium. This response differs both quantitatively
      and qualitatively from that mediated by NGF.

PMID- 6371812
TI  - A precise termination site in the mouse beta-major globin transcription unit.

PMID- 6371813
TI  - Inhibition of the mitogenic effects of plasma by a monoclonal antibody to
      somatomedin C.
AB  - Immunoneutralization studies with a monoclonal antibody to somatomedin C (Sm-C)
      were undertaken to further determine the role of this peptide in cellular
      proliferation. For our model we used density-arrested cultures of BALB/c 3T3
      cells. Transient exposure of these cells to platelet-derived growth factor
      enables them to respond to platelet-poor plasma by progressing through the G1
      stage and undergoing renewed DNA synthesis. In this system, the combination of
      nanogram concentrations of Sm-C and epidermal growth factor can fully substitute
      for plasma, and microgram concentrations of insulin can substitute for Sm-C by
      crossreacting with the Sm-C receptor. We now show that a monoclonal antibody to
      Sm-C, which in defined medium blocks the mitogenic effect of Sm-C but not
      insulin, also blocks the stimulation of DNA synthesis by human plasma or calf
      serum. Furthermore, by adding the antibody at progressively later times during
      G1, we show that these cells escape from their dependence on Sm-C for DNA
      synthesis after traversing G1 to a point at or near the G1/S boundary.

PMID- 6371814
TI  - Differential antibody screening of cloned Plasmodium falciparum sequences
      expressed in Escherichia coli: procedure for isolation of defined antigens and
      analysis of human antisera.
AB  - We describe a procedure that uses polyspecific human sera for screening
      Escherichia coli colonies expressing cloned Plasmodium falciparum cDNA sequences
      in order to detect colonies that react differentially with different sera. This
      procedure can be used for two distinct purposes. First, it enables the isolation
      of clones encoding specified antigenic sequences present in the complex mixture,
      without purification of either antigens or antibodies by conventional procedures.
      This requires that the antigen can be expressed in E. coli and that antisera are
      available that differ substantially in their reactivities to the component of
      interest. To develop the procedure, we used two polyspecific sera that shared
      many anti-P. falciparum specificities but differed in that only one was reactive
      to the isolate-specific S antigen of P. falciparum strain FCQ27/PNG (called
      FC27). Differential screening with the two sera identified 30 cDNA clones, and
      colony hybridization confirmed that 25 of these express S-antigen sequences.
      Second, the procedure identifies defined antibody specificities within
      polyspecific human sera by virtue of their ability to react with any given cDNA
      clone. The procedure has been used here to identify antibody specificities that
      increase dramatically in titer between the acute and convalescent phases of
      malaria in certain individuals and, hence, to isolate clones encoding the
      corresponding antigens.

PMID- 6371815
TI  - Antibody against the insulin receptor causes disappearance of insulin receptors
      in 3T3-L1 cells: a possible explanation of antibody-induced insulin resistance.
AB  - The effect of a rabbit antibody induced against the rat insulin receptor (RAR)
      was tested using cultured 3T3-L1 fat cells. As previously seen with antibodies
      against the insulin receptor from patients with the type B syndrome of insulin
      resistance and acanthosis nigricans, RAR acutely mimicked the action of insulin
      by stimulating deoxyglucose uptake. After prolonged exposure of 3T3-L1 cells to
      RAR, insulinomimetic activity was lost and the cells became resistant to the
      action of insulin. This state of insulin resistance is similar to that seen with
      the human autoantibodies. However, unlike antibody from the patients, RAR did not
      acutely inhibit the binding of insulin to its receptor; rather, RAR increased the
      binding of insulin to its receptor by a mechanism consistent with an increase in
      the affinity of the receptor for insulin. With prolonged exposure to RAR there
      was a dramatic decrease in insulin-receptor binding on the treated 3T3-L1 fat
      cells. These results suggest that antibody against the insulin receptor induces
      insulin resistance by a mechanism that involves loss of cell-surface insulin
      receptors.

PMID- 6371816
TI  - Inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase by mevinolin in familial
      hypercholesterolemia heterozygotes: effects on cholesterol balance.
AB  - Patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) have a deficiency
      of receptors for plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) that impairs removal of LDL
      from plasma. In these patients, mevinolin, an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl-CoA reductase [mevalonate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (CoA-acylating), EC
      1.1.1.88], increases receptors for LDL and decreases LDL concentrations. To
      determine whether mevinolin also causes severe decreases in total body synthesis
      of cholesterol, fecal excretions of neutral steroids and acidic steroids were
      determined in five FH heterozygotes before and during treatment with mevinolin.
      The drug produced an average decrease in plasma total cholesterol of 23% and in
      LDL cholesterol of 24%. Mevinolin caused a significant decrease in the output of
      neutral and acidic steroids in three patients, but it caused no alterations in
      two others. Changes in fecal output of steroids did not correlate with the degree
      of lowering of the patients' LDL-cholesterol level. In none of the patients did
      the output of fecal steroids fall below the values seen in normal subjects
      studied under similar conditions. One patient had a previous ileal exclusion
      operation and had a massive output of acidic steroids in the control period;
      mevinolin therapy caused a slight decrease in excretion of acidic steroids, but
      the output was still markedly above normal. We conclude that the LDL lowering
      action of mevinolin does not appear to require a severe decrease in cholesterol
      synthesis that might lead to depletion of vital body stores of cholesterol.

PMID- 6371818
TI  - Histamine-containing neurons in the rat hypothalamus.
AB  - A specific antiserum against histamine was produced in rabbits, and an
      immunohistochemical study of histamine-containing cells was carried out in rat
      brain. The antiserum bound histamine in a standard radioimmunoassay and stained
      mast cells located in various rat and guinea pig tissues. Enterochromaffin-like
      cells in the stomach and neurons in the posterior hypothalamic area could be
      detected with this antiserum. The staining was highly specific and was not
      abolished by preabsorption with histidine, histidine-containing peptides,
      serotonin, or catecholamines, whereas preabsorption with histamine completely
      abolished the staining. Immunoglobulins of this antiserum purified by affinity
      chromatography stained the same cells as did the crude antiserum, whereas the
      serum fraction, which was not absorbed by histamine-affinity ligand, failed to
      stain any neuron. Histamine-immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies were found only
      in the hypothalamic and premammillary areas of colchicine-treated rats. The
      largest group of cells was seen in the caudal magnocellular nucleus and medially
      on the dorsal and ventral aspects of the ventral premammillary nucleus.
      Immunoreactive nerve fibers, but no cell bodies, were detected in other parts of
      the brain. Histamine-immunoreactive mast cells were found in the median eminence
      and pituitary gland. The results suggest that histamine-containing neurons are
      located only in a small area of the posterior hypothalamus, and these cells are
      probably the source of ascending and descending fibers detected in other brain
      areas.

PMID- 6371817
TI  - Binding of alpha-bungarotoxin to proteolytic fragments of the alpha subunit of
      Torpedo acetylcholine receptor analyzed by protein transfer on positively charged
      membrane filters.
AB  - Proteolytic fragments of the alpha subunit of the acetylcholine receptor retain
      the ability to bind alpha-bungarotoxin following resolution by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and immobilization on protein transfers. The alpha subunit of the
      acetylcholine receptor of Torpedo electric organ was digested with four
      proteases: Staphylococcus aureus V-8 protease, papain, bromelain, and proteinase
      K. The proteolytic fragments resolved on 15% polyacrylamide gels were
      electrophoretically transferred onto positively charged nylon membrane filters.
      When incubated with 0.3 nM 125I-labeled alpha-bungarotoxin and autoradiographed,
      the transfers yielded patterns of labeled bands characteristic for each protease.
      The molecular masses of the fragments binding toxin ranged from 7 to 34 kDa, with
      major groupings in the 8-, 18-, and 28-kDa ranges. The apparent affinity of the
      fragments for alpha-bungarotoxin as determined from the IC50 value was 6.7 X 10(
      8) M. The labeling of fragments with alpha-bungarotoxin could be inhibited by
      prior affinity alkylation of receptor-containing membranes with 4-(N-maleimido)
      alpha-benzyltrimethylammonium iodide. These findings demonstrate that immobilized
      proteolytic fragments as small as 1/5 the size of the alpha subunit retain the
      structural characteristics necessary for binding alpha-bungarotoxin, although the
      toxin is bound to the fragments with lower affinity than to the native receptor.
      The effect of affinity ligand alkylation demonstrates that the alpha-bungarotoxin
      binding site detected on the proteolytic fragments is the same as the affinity
      labeled acetylcholine binding site on the intact acetylcholine receptor.

PMID- 6371819
TI  - Cloning and expression of human erythropoietin cDNA in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Human erythropoietin (Ep) cDNA has been cloned in Escherichia coli by using
      pBR322 as a vector. Polyadenylylated RNA was isolated from selected human renal
      carcinomas with elevated Ep titers. The presence of Ep mRNA was detected by
      immunoprecipitation of in vitro translation products with monoclonal antibody to
      human Ep. Double-stranded cDNA was synthesized and inserted into the Pst I site
      of pBR322 by homopolymeric dG . dC tailing. The cDNA library was initially
      screened by colony hybridization with 32P-labeled cDNA synthesized from size
      fractionated mRNA enriched in Ep message. Positive colonies were further screened
      immunologically by in situ radioimmunoassay with monoclonal antibody to human Ep.
      Three positive clones were identified that express the Ep gene sequences as a
      beta-lactamase fusion protein. These clones contain inserts of approximately
      1400, 600, and 200 base pairs. Human renal Ep mRNA, of which the translation
      products immunoreact with anti-Ep on immunoblots, was hybrid-selected by plasmid
      DNA from these recombinants. Purified human Ep competes with 35S-labeled hybrid
      selected translation products for antibody binding.

PMID- 6371820
TI  - MAL6 of Saccharomyces: a complex genetic locus containing three genes required
      for maltose fermentation.
AB  - The MAL6 locus is one of five closely related unlinked loci, any one of which is
      sufficient for fermentation of maltose in Saccharomyces. Previous genetic
      analysis indicated that this locus is defined by two complementation groups, MALp
      and MALg. MALp reportedly is a regulatory gene required for inducible synthesis
      of the two enzymatic functions needed for fermentation: maltose permease and
      maltase. We have investigated the physical and genetic structure of the MAL6
      locus, which has been isolated on a recombinant DNA plasmid. One subclone of the
      region, pDF-1, was found to encode a single transcribed region and to contain the
      MALp gene. A second subclone, p1, was shown to contain the MALg function but
      surprisingly had not one but two maltose-inducible transcripts. Subclones having
      only one of these transcribed regions lacked MALg activity. The three transcribed
      regions have been named MAL61 and MAL62, which correspond to MALg, and MAL63,
      which corresponds to MALp. This clustered arrangement of a regulatory gene
      adjacent to the sequences it controls has not previously been described in
      eukaryotes and is reminiscent of bacterial operons except that the messenger RNA
      molecules are not polycistronic.

PMID- 6371821
TI  - Stimulation of recombination between homologous sequences on plasmid DNA and
      chromosomal DNA in Escherichia coli by N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene.
AB  - A plasmid containing a wild-type lac operon and a tetracycline-resistance gene
      was covalently modified by N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene and used to transform
      two series of Lac- Escherichia coli cell types. Each set contained wild-type and
      repair-deficient mutants. One set of cells contained a lacY mutation and the
      other a deletion of the entire lac operon. Survival and mutagenesis of the
      plasmid were measured as a function of the N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene
      concentration. The results indicate that when no homologous sequences are present
      in the chromosomal DNA, mutations occur at a low frequency: at 10% survival the
      frequency was 1-2 X 10(-4) mutants per transformant. When homologous sequences,
      the lacY allele, are present in the chromosomal DNA, Lac- plasmids are found at a
      high frequency in a recA-dependent, lexA-independent fashion: at 10% survival the
      frequency was 5-10 X 10(-2) mutants per transformant. Southern blot analysis of
      the restriction enzyme profiles of the resulting plasmid and host-cell DNA
      sequences showed recombinational transfer of host sequences to the N-acetoxy-2
      acetylamino-fluorene-treated plasmid had occurred. When the host chromosomes
      contained Lac+ homologous sequences no mutants were found, indicating that the
      results were not caused by error-prone recombination.

PMID- 6371822
TI  - Second antibody clearance of radiolabeled antibody in cancer
      radioimmunodetection.
AB  - The imaging of tumors using radiolabeled antibodies previously has required the
      implementation of computer-assisted subtraction techniques to reduce background
      radioactivity. A decrease in radioactivity in the blood of hamsters bearing human
      colonic tumor xenografts has been achieved by administering a second antibody
      directed against a radiolabeled primary antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen
      (CEA). This method was found to reduce the level of blood radioactivity by a
      factor of 4 within 2 hr after injection of the second antibody and to enhance
      tumor/nontumor ratios within 24 hr. Unlike liposomally entrapped second antibody,
      the primary anti-CEA antibody did not show increased accretion of radioactivity
      in the liver, spleen, or other major organs. These results suggest that
      administration of a second antibody alone may improve tumor imaging with a
      radiolabeled antitumor antibody.

PMID- 6371823
TI  - Molecular evolution of legume lectins.

PMID- 6371824
TI  - Toxicity of the components of poly(vinylchloride) polymers additives.
AB  - The salient features of the toxicity of a number of additives used in polyvinyl
      chloride polymers were reviewed with primary emphasis on the toxicity of
      plasticizers (e.g., diethylhexyl phthalate and its metabolites,
      butylbenzylphthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate), heat stabilizers (e.g.,
      organotin and lead stabilizers), blowing agents (e.g., azodicarbonamide), free
      radical initiators (e.g., benzoylperoxide, lauroyl peroxide,
      ter.butylhydroperoxide and di-tert.butylperoxide, and flame retardants (e.g.,
      decabromodiphenyl oxide). The paucity of toxicity data on the vast majority of
      PVC additives should be stressed.

PMID- 6371825
TI  - Toxicity of the components of styrene polymers: polystyrene, acrylonitrile
      butadiene-styrene (ABS) and styrene-butadiene-rubber (SBR). Reactants and
      additives.
AB  - The toxicity of the components of styrene polymers, e.g., polystyrene, ABS and
      SBR, were reviewed with primary focus on the reactive monomers (except styrene)
      (e.g., acrylonitrile, butadiene) as well as on impurities and solvents such as
      benzene, hexane and methylethyl ketone, and additives such as phenyl-2
      naphthylamine, di-n-butyl phthalate, and a number of peroxide initiators and
      flame retardants (e.g., 2,3-dibromopropanol, decadibromodiphenyl oxide and
      antimony trioxide). It is stressed that toxicity data are generally lacking for
      the majority of additives employed in the production of styrene polymers.
      Information is also lacking as to the numbers of individuals at potential risk
      and the extent of their exposure to the large number of additives employed.

PMID- 6371826
TI  - Genotoxic effects of additives in synthetic elastomers with special consideration
      to the mechanism of action of thiurams and dithiocarbamates.

PMID- 6371827
TI  - The toxicology of monomers of the polyvinyl plastic series.

PMID- 6371828
TI  - Aspartate aminotransferase from E. coli--a comparative study among E. coli, and
      yeast enzymes and pig heart isozymes.

PMID- 6371829
TI  - Extracellular matrices and the control of cell proliferation and differentiation
      in vitro.

PMID- 6371831
TI  - Anatomy of the human prostate and its three paired lobes.

PMID- 6371830
TI  - Prostatic weight and zinc concentration.

PMID- 6371832
TI  - Androgenic effects upon prostatic epithelium are mediated via trophic influences
      from stroma.

PMID- 6371833
TI  - A role for calcium and activation of neutral proteinase in myelinolysis?

PMID- 6371834
TI  - Endotoxic shock in the piglet: beneficial effects of prostaglandin synthesis
      inhibition.
AB  - In anesthetized piglets the intravenous injection of a lethal dose of endotoxin,
      0.5 mg/kg, resulted in a progressively evolving deterioration of the
      cardiovascular system (hypotension, decrease in cardiac output), in an increase
      in pulmonary vascular resistance and in the death of all animals within 210 min
      following endotoxin administration. Endotoxin induced a significant increase in
      immunoreactive (i) i-6-oxo-PGF1 alpha, i-TXB2, and i-15-oxo-13,14-dihydro-PGF2
      alpha levels in peripheral plasma. Pretreatment with the PG-synthesis inhibitor,
      flurbiprofen, abolished the profound rise in PG-levels, whereas cardiovascular
      performance was more sustained. The results suggest the involvement of several
      prostanoids during the evolution of endotoxic shock in the piglet.

PMID- 6371835
TI  - Urinary 6-keto PGF1 alpha and PGE2 in two kidney-one clip hypertension in the
      rat.
AB  - The 24 hour urinary excretion of 6-keto PGF1 alpha and PGE2 was compared in 2
      kidney-1 clip rats developing hypertension within 12 weeks of renal artery
      clipping with rats remaining normotensive over this period. Although systolic
      blood pressure was markedly elevated in the hypertensive (210 +/- 5.1 mm Hg), in
      contrast with the normotensive (141 +/- 1.9 mm Hg) group, urinary levels of 6
      keto PGF1 alpha (26.1 +/- 3.4 and 22.1 +/- 2.7 ng/24 h, respectively) and PGE2
      (52.8 +/- 28 and 53.3 +/- 10.8 ng/24 h) were not significantly different.
      Treating the 2 kidney-1 clip normotensive group with indomethacin (3.0 mg/kg, by
      intraperitoneal injection) twice-weekly for 3 weeks reduced 6-keto PGF1 alpha
      excretion from 22.1 +/- 2.7 to 8.4 +/- 2.2 ng/24 h (P less than 0.002) and PGE2
      from 53.3 +/- 10.8 to 8.7 +/- 1.8 ng/24 h (P less than 0.002) but did not change
      blood pressure when compared with a similar group given buffer vehicle only.
      These findings do not support a role for renal prostaglandins in 2 kidney-1 clip
      hypertension in the rat.

PMID- 6371836
TI  - Prostacyclin-synthesis-stimulating plasma factor in patients with different
      stages of hepatic coma.
AB  - In patients with acute hepatic coma the prostacyclin synthesis stimulating plasma
      factor is significantly enhanced. This increased activity has been verified by
      using various test systems. However, there is no correlation between the actual
      plasma factor activity and the coma stage, respectively. The increase of plasma
      factor activity in these patients might account at least in part for the
      increased bleeding tendency seen in these patients.

PMID- 6371837
TI  - Magnesium selectively inhibits N-methyl-aspartic acid-induced hypermotility after
      intra-accumbens injection.
AB  - The excitatory amino acids, N-methyl-aspartic acid, kainic acid and quisqualic
      acid have been shown to produce a marked increase in locomotor activity after
      bilateral injection into the rat nucleus accumbens. The intra-accumbens injection
      of magnesium inhibited the hypermotility response produced by N-methyl-aspartic
      acid in a dose-dependent manner. However, magnesium had no significant inhibitory
      effect on the increase in motility produced by either kainic acid or quisqualic
      acid. In contrast to magnesium, calcium produced a weak inhibitory action on N
      methyl-aspartic acid-induced hypermotility. These data suggest that in the
      nucleus accumbens, at least two receptor types (N-methyl-aspartic acid/magnesium
      sensitive and non-N-methyl-aspartic acid/magnesium-insensitive receptors) are
      present which can mediate the stimulation of locomotor activity produced by
      excitatory amino acids.

PMID- 6371838
TI  - Penetration of ceftazidime in human pericardial fluid and lung tissue.
AB  - The penetration of ceftazidime in pericardial fluid and lung tissue was
      investigated in 14 thoracotomized patients, who had normal renal function and did
      not receive any antibiotic treatment before thoracotomy. The drug (28 mg/kg) was
      given by i.v. Blood, pericardial fluid and lung tissue samples were taken over
      the next 5 hours. Concentrations of ceftazidime in the lung tissue were very high
      in the first hour and over the 200 and 300 min time interval, the ratio between
      serum and lung tissue levels was 0.7. The correlation coefficient between
      pericardial fluid, serum ratio and time was calculated to be of 0.99 (P less than
      0.001). From these data we can observe that ceftazidime rapidly diffuses into the
      pericardial space and lung tissue where good concentrations (5.4 mcg/g) persist
      for at least 5 hours.

PMID- 6371839
TI  - [Synthetic and pharmacologic aspects of thieno structures].

PMID- 6371840
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic mechanisms of drug interactions. 1. General problems].

PMID- 6371841
TI  - [Mechanisms of pharmacokinetic drug interactions. 2: Interaction mechanisms
      during absorption].

PMID- 6371842
TI  - [In vitro cultivation of aortic endothelial cells in pharmaceutical research-
      characterization of cell physiology and possibilities of using the cell line BKEz
      7].

PMID- 6371843
TI  - Pavlovian conditioning of drug-induced changes in body temperature.

PMID- 6371844
TI  - Nature and properties of the bacterial ribonucleotide reductases.

PMID- 6371845
TI  - Progestins can mimic, inhibit and potentiate the actions of androgens.
AB  - There is an extensive background on the androgen responsiveness of the mouse
      kidney which can be demonstrated histologically by hypertrophy of the Bowman's
      capsule and the proximal convoluted tubule. Although androgens increase many
      renal proteins, beta-glucuronidase and ODC are distinguished by exquisite genetic
      regulation of the magnitude of the response induced by testosterone. Both the
      qualitative and quantitative expression of the genes for these enzymes are strain
      specific, and are dependent upon regulatory alleles. Ornithine decarboxylase is
      of particular interest since the response of this enzyme is rapid compared to
      that of beta-glucuronidase. Recent studies using a newly developed androgen
      receptor assay have demonstrated that the duration of retention of the androgen
      receptor complex in the nucleus correlates with the magnitude of the androgenic
      response. Progestins can mimic, inhibit, or potentiate the action of androgens.
      These responses have been termed the androgenic, antiandrogenic and synandrogenic
      actions of progestins, respectively. The androgenic and antiandrogenic action of
      this class of steroids are manifest on many tissues and on many endpoints within
      a given organ. These effects are believed to involve an early step(s) of androgen
      action which is common to all sensitive tissues. Results to date suggests that
      this early step involves the androgen receptor. By contrast, the synandrogenic
      action of progestins is limited in that it is not observed on all tissues, and
      not even on all endpoints within a single organ. In the mouse kidney, the
      synandrogenic actions of progestins have been most extensively studied on beta
      glucuronidase. With this enzyme this unusual response to progestins can be
      demonstrated only in mice which carry the Gus-ra allele. This observation
      suggests that the potentiating action of progestins on beta-glucuronidase is
      manifest directly on the Gus gene complex. It is not certain at this time whether
      a similar mechanism is involved in the potentiation of androgen action on other
      organs such as the prostate. The androgenic action of progestins is believed to
      be similar to that of other androgens. Androgenic progestins such as MPA bind to
      the androgen receptors and translocate them to nuclei. This is followed by a dose
      dependent increase of proteins similar to what is observed after testosterone
      administration. In addition, the regulatory genes which modulate androgen action
      have the same effect on the androgenic effect of progestins. The fact that the
      potency of progestins such as MPA is less than that of testosterone is believed
      to relate in part to their lower affinity for the androgen receptors.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6371846
TI  - Portable detectors for 125I-insulin absorption measurement during subcutaneous
      infusion with portable pumps.
AB  - Programmed subcutaneous insulin infusion is a promising method for normalisation
      of the blood glucose concentration in insulin-dependent diabetics. To evaluate
      insulin availability the absorption rate from the depot is usually measured
      intermittently by radioactively-labelled insulin and stationary scintillation
      detectors. Small portable detectors are an alternative, however, and continuous
      absorption measurements could be made during normal life conditions. Contrary to
      conventional single injection therapy, the insulin depot initially expands during
      infusion treatment, changing the geometry during measurements. In the present
      study the methodological aspects and geometrical dependences were investigated.
      Simulated studies were made with various plane disc 125I sources in Perspex
      phantoms as well as 125I-insulin absorption studies in short-term subcutaneous
      infusion experiments with anaesthetised rabbits. Results from portable, end
      window Geiger-Muller (GM) detectors fixed above the depots and close to the
      surfaces of phantom or skin were compared with results obtained by a conventional
      stationary NaI(Tl) detector 15 cm from the phantom or skin surface. With a 125I
      insulin infusion site at 5 mm depth in the subcutaneous tissue of rabbits, an
      overall linear proportionality was found between the results obtained with a
      NaI(Tl) detector and a GM detector raised 15 mm above the skin surface inside the
      detector housing.

PMID- 6371847
TI  - [Historic reflexions on the preventive treatment of phlebitis of the lower limbs
      using the Nord and Chalier methods].

PMID- 6371848
TI  - Detection of DNA-psoralen photoadducts in situ.

PMID- 6371849
TI  - Leakage of 86Rb+ after ultraviolet irradiation of Escherichia coli K-12.

PMID- 6371850
TI  - The lon gene and photoprotection in Escherichia coli K-12.

PMID- 6371851
TI  - Different effects of RAD genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on incisions of
      interstrand crosslinks and monoadducts in DNA induced by psoralen plus near UV
      light treatment.

PMID- 6371852
TI  - Maurice B. Visscher (1901-1983), scientist and humanitarian.

PMID- 6371853
TI  - Henry Longstreet Taylor (1912-1983).

PMID- 6371854
TI  - Departmental history. Department of Physiology. Boston University School of
      Medicine (1873-1948).

PMID- 6371855
TI  - Hyperinsulinemia and obesity in the dorsolateral tegmental rat.
AB  - Adult female rats (N = 26) were prepared with either sham lesions or electrolytic
      lesions of the dorsolateral tegmentum (DLT). Body weight gain, adiposity, 72-hour
      food intake and day/night food intake, serum glucose and serum insulin levels
      were measured 15 and 17 days post-operatively. Dorsolateral tegmental lesions
      produced moderate weight gains and enhanced adiposity as assessed by the Lee
      Index. Although dorsolateral tegmental rats were hyperphagic only at night,
      hyperinsulinemia was observed during the day and the night. Hyperinsulinemia may
      contribute to the obesifying action of tegmental lesions in rats fed high-fat
      diets.

PMID- 6371856
TI  - Blood pressure and plasma renin activity responses to chronic stress in the
      borderline hypertensive rat.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the systolic blood pressure and plasma
      renin activity (PRA) responses to chronic stress in normotensive rats and in rats
      with one hypertensive parent. Twenty-four male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and 24 male F1
      offspring of spontaneously hypertensive and WKY rats (BHR) were randomly assigned
      to 3 groups of 8 each. Experimental (E) animals were subjected to 2 hr daily of
      shock-shock conflict. Each response produced a 0.2 sec, 0.2-0.4 mA cutaneous
      electric shock. Failure to respond in 10 sec resulted in a train of 5 shocks (0.2
      sec each sec). Yoked animals (Y) received the same shocks as E but had no control
      over their presentation. Finally, a control group (C) for maturation received no
      shocks. The E and Y animals were subjected to 14 weeks of conflict and were then
      monitored an additional 14 weeks in the absence of shock. All animals had their
      tail cuff blood pressures taken weekly except for 3 times when bloods were
      obtained for PRA assays. Analysis of blood pressure data revealed that:(1) BHR
      animals showed more of a blood pressure response to shock than WKY animals; (2) Y
      animals showed more of a response to conflict than E, especially for the BHR
      group; and (3) BHR shocked animals remained permanently elevated compared to BHR
      control animals even in the 14 week post-conflict period during which no shocks
      were given. Although PRAs for BHR animals were significantly higher than for WKY
      at the beginning of study, the stress-induced hypertension was associated with
      either normal or suppressed PRA values, suggesting that the hypertension in these
      animals is not a high renin hypertension.

PMID- 6371857
TI  - On the directionality of classically-conditioned glycemic responses.
AB  - Rats were administered either exogenous insulin or glucose as the unconditioned
      stimulus paired with a distinctive stimulus complex. Following several such
      pairings, the administration of a saline (test) solution to the animal in that
      environment produced, in both cases, a reduction in blood-glucose levels
      (hypoglycemia) as compared to control animals who received saline injections
      throughout. We suggest that, contrary to previous researchers' assumptions,
      direct changes in blood glucose levels immediately following the administration
      of either glucose or insulin should not be treated as the unconditioned response.
      The response of the CNS to the glucose or insulin, and not the immediate effect
      of increases or decreases in blood glucose levels, must be considered. Our
      reanalysis suggests, then, that in the case of glucose conditioning the
      conditioned response produces hypoglycemia which is in the same direction as that
      of the unconditioned response. In the case of insulin conditioning, the
      unconditioned response has not been well identified and consequently the
      conditioned response may be in the same or opposite direction to that of the UR.

PMID- 6371858
TI  - Meal patterns and glucoprivic feeding in the guanethidine-sympathectomized,
      adrenodemedullated rat.
AB  - The feeding behavior of rats sympathectomized by neonatal administration of
      guanethidine (GUA) and/or adult adrenal demedullation (MDL) was investigated. GUA
      treatment tended to decrease body weight gain and food intake, chiefly by
      decreasing meal size and increasing satiety ratios. It also attenuated the
      increase in food intake caused by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG; 150, 300, 450 mg/kg,
      IP) but not by insulin (3, 6, 9 U/kg, IP). MDL altered meal patterns in the same
      manner as GUA treatment but the effects were of smaller magnitude. It did not
      influence the response to either glucoprivic challenge. Combined GUA treatment
      and MDL generally produced additive effects. These results suggest that the major
      sympathetic influence on feeding is through adrenergic innervation and not
      circulating catecholamines. The hypothesis that the alteration in feeding
      patterns produced by ventromedial hypothalamic lesions is due to decreased
      sympathetic activity was not supported.

PMID- 6371859
TI  - [Living memories].

PMID- 6371860
TI  - Gastrocnemius transposition flap in conjunction with limb-sparing surgery for
      primary bone sarcomas around the knee.
AB  - A primary gastrocnemius transposition flap is a useful technique for prosthetic
      coverage following extensive soft-tissue and bone resection for sarcomas of the
      knee joint. The gastrocnemius transposition flap is also a useful secondary
      procedure to treat local complications following attempted limb-sparing surgery.
      The gastrocnemius transposition flap is a simple procedure with minimal
      morbidity. Both medial and lateral flaps may be utilized if necessary. In
      addition, such flaps do not jeopardize local tumor control. We now recommend
      primary gastrocnemius transposition flaps for most limb-sparing procedures around
      the knee joint, especially when a prosthesis is utilized with or without adjuvant
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 6371861
TI  - Does diabetic control matter?
AB  - Whether achieving normoglycemia is beneficial or dangerous to the diabetic
      patient has been a matter of debate. The authors explore such issues as the
      prevention or reversal of complications with tight metabolic control, and the
      methods currently available to achieve normoglycemia.

PMID- 6371862
TI  - Routine management and special problems of diabetic children.
AB  - Guidelines for the prescription, initiation, and adjustment of insulin plans in
      diabetic children are outlined, with an emphasis on patient education and active
      participation in the treatment regimen. The management of special situations-
      sick days, surgery, noncompliance, and travel--is also discussed.

PMID- 6371863
TI  - Exercise and diabetes.
AB  - Prescribed exercise can be a useful adjunct to diet and insulin therapy in the
      diabetic child. The acute and chronic effects of exercise in diabetic patients
      are reviewed. The physician can determine the appropriate exercise prescription
      and training method for a particular patient from information outlined in this
      article. Guidelines for participation in sports activities are also provided.

PMID- 6371864
TI  - Conventional and human insulin: complications of insulin therapy in children.
AB  - The management of complications of insulin therapy, such as lipoatrophy, allergic
      reactions, insulin resistance, and insulin edema, is outlined. Human and animal
      insulin preparations currently available in the United States are discussed,
      highlighting the comparative costs and indications for use.

PMID- 6371866
TI  - The infant of the diabetic mother. Pathophysiology and management.
AB  - Fetal complications such as macrosomia, hypoglycemia, respiratory distress, and
      congenital anomalies are associated with the diabetic pregnancy. However, strict
      control of maternal glucose during pregnancy, labor, and delivery has been shown
      to favorably influence the perinatal outcome.

PMID- 6371865
TI  - Use of the insulin pump in children.
AB  - The use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in diabetic children is
      physiologically beneficial. However, careful patient selection and appropriate
      patient education are essential for successful treatment with CSII. The authors
      provide a comparative analysis of insulin pumps currently on the market. The
      risks of potential complications of CSII--ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, and
      cutaneous problems--are also assessed.

PMID- 6371867
TI  - Effects of three different one-hour single-session treatments for test anxiety.

PMID- 6371868
TI  - The genealogical descent of sexual psychoneuroendocrinology from sex and health
      theory: the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries.
AB  - In the aftermath of the inquisition, secular health theory became separate from
      sacred health theory. Both assimilated vital spirits or sympathies as explanatory
      concepts. Sympathies were progressively transformed into internal secretions and
      the hormones of endocrinology. The sexual genealogy of psychoneuroendocrinology
      traces back to the sexual transplantation experiments of John Hunger (1728 - 93).
      Sexology, the science, has the same genealogy, whereas sexosophy, the philosophy,
      does not. In sexosophy, the theory that vital spirits or sympathies lost by
      masturbation caused debility or degeneracy became, along with health-food and
      exercise theories, popular in 19th-century health doctrine. Graham crackers and
      kellogg's cornflakes were by-products of the diet/abstinence doctrine. With
      police power under the Comstock Law (1873), 19th-century sexosophy negated
      sexuality so effectively that human sexual psychoneuroendocrine research remains
      muffled and deprived of funds in 1983.

PMID- 6371869
TI  - The self-control of the cardiovascular response to exercise using feedback of the
      product of interbeat interval and pulse transit time.
AB  - Feedback of the product of interbeat interval and pulse transit time (this
      product being a close correlate of the product of heart rate and systolic blood
      pressure) was compared with relaxation training and simple habituation to the
      experimental task. The subjects were 36 healthy volunteers tested both when
      inactive and when cycling on a bicycle ergometer. Subjects receiving product
      feedback were markedly more successful in minimizing the decrease in interbeat
      interval and pulse transit time caused by exercise (i.e., their rate pressure
      product rose less). Subjects who received relaxation training or simply exercised
      showed similar changes in interbeat interval and pulse transit time. In the
      inactive subject, the superiority of product feedback was much less evident but
      it did enable subjects to increase pulse transit time (i.e., decrease systolic
      blood pressure) compared to the other two conditions, which again did not differ.
      It is proposed that the superiority of product feedback may relate to its value
      as an index of sympathetic input to the heart and that such feedback may find
      clinical application in the treatment of angina pectoris.

PMID- 6371870
TI  - What does the word "psychosomatic" really mean? A historical and semantic
      inquiry.
AB  - Semantics and history of psychosomatic medicine are not popular topics nowadays,
      if they ever were; yet both of them constitute indispensable facets of any
      discipline that lays claim to a separate identity, as psychosomatics does. The
      latter, being an inchoate and inherently complex field of study, is especially in
      need of repeated efforts to clarify the meaning of its key terms, to delineate
      its scope, and to chart its development over time. Such efforts should pay off in
      improved teaching of this subject and in more effective communication with
      workers in other disciplines and with the general public. I have tried in this
      paper to sketch the historic development of psychosomatic conceptions and address
      some relevant semantic issues. It appears that early in this century, the
      convergence of two ancient conceptions, the holistic and the psychogenic,
      prepared the ground for the emergence in the 1930s of psychosomatic medicine as
      an organized scientific discipline and a counterreformation against the
      mechanistic view of man and medicine. Those two conceptions came to be subsumed
      by the word "psychosomatic" and thus contributed its two distinct connotations.
      The latter have not usually been clearly distinguished; hence, the ambiguity of
      the term. I have argued that only the holistic connotation should be retained, as
      it properly conveys the contemporary viewpoint. It is unfortunate that the word
      "holistic" has been appropriated recently by an anti-scientific and
      antiintellectual so-called "holistic health movement" (67), with resulting
      increment in semantic confusion and, in the eyes of many, loss of credibility for
      the misappropriated term. However, to retain it has merit as it is short, simple,
      and derived from the Greek - as were the very conceptions it has come to connote.
      Moreover, "holistic" has been part of the basic vocabulary of psychosomatic
      medicine from the beginning and conveys its core premises and purpose faithfully.
      As a historian aptly put it, the historic function of the psychosomatic movement
      has been to "vitalize the whole of medicine, psychiatry no less . . . with the
      holistic and ecologic viewpoint" (59, p. 9).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6371871
TI  - A double-blind, controlled clinical trial of haloperidol decanoate and
      fluphenazine decanoate in the maintenance treatment of schizophrenia.

PMID- 6371872
TI  - Treatment of premenstrual dysphoric changes: clinical outcome and methodological
      implications.

PMID- 6371873
TI  - The DST as a clinical aid and research tool in patients with affective disorders.

PMID- 6371874
TI  - Characteristics of responders to fluoxetine.

PMID- 6371875
TI  - Trazodone and mianserin in general practice.
AB  - In a double-blind, noncrossover study, general practice patients suffering from
      depression were treated with either trazodone (100-200 mg, nocte ) or mianserin
      (60-120 mg, nocte ) for 6 weeks. For entry into the study, a minimum score of 14
      on the 17-point Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ( HDRS ) was necessary. By
      random allocation, 125 patients (61 on trazodone and 64 on mianserin) entered the
      study. Altogether there were 43 withdrawals, of whom 31 (72%) had received
      mianserin. At least one of the reasons for 22 withdrawals from the mianserin
      group was an unacceptable side effect, frequently being daytime drowsiness. In
      contrast, only 5 of the trazodone group withdrew because of side effects. These
      differences in the withdrawal rates for those patients entering the study were
      statistically significant (p less than 0.001). A total of 82 patients completed
      treatment and entered the analysis for efficacy; 49 on trazodone and 33 on
      mianserin. Results show that both treatments were equally effective in reducing
      symptoms of depression and anxiety. Thus, the mean HDRS score was 21.3 and 21.5
      for trazodone and mianserin, respectively, at the start of treatment which
      decreased to 6.2 and 5.9, respectively, at the end of 6 weeks. The mean Zung self
      rating anxiety scores for trazodone and mianserin were 45.6 and 44.4 at the start
      of treatment and 33.6 and 31.1 at the end of the study. The results suggest that,
      on the basis of fewer significant side effects, trazodone is more acceptable to
      mianserin in treating depression, with or without anxiety, in general practice
      patients.

PMID- 6371876
TI  - Experiences with doxepin and trazodone in the therapy with outpatients suffering
      from depression.
AB  - In a double-blind study on 40 outpatients (20 per group) suffering from
      endogenous and psychogenic depression of the anxious-agitated or inhibited form,
      trazodone was compared with doxepin to determine their efficacy and safety, and
      whether a single daily administration was adequate. Increasing doses of trazodone
      50-200 mg and doxepin 25-100 mg were given once a day in the evening for a period
      of 5 weeks. Both drugs were found to be approximately equivalent as far as their
      antidepressive and anxiolytic effects and safety are concerned. Treatment with
      trazodone promises less risks according to the clinical experience described in
      the international literature. Administration once a day provides sufficient
      efficacy and safety.

PMID- 6371877
TI  - A double-blind study to compare trazodone with amitriptyline in depressed
      patients.

PMID- 6371878
TI  - Comparative side effect profiles of trazodone and imipramine: special reference
      to the geriatric population.
AB  - Side effects are a concomitant of almost all therapeutic agents and are also
      present as part of the pharmacological profile of psychotropic agents. However,
      the laboratory pharmacological characteristics of agents are a more reliable
      predictor of side effect profiles than they are of their therapeutic activities.
      Therefore, it would seem possible to be able to predict with much greater
      accuracy the clinically significant side effects that may be encountered from the
      preclinical data. This has been established in the case of trazodone and
      imipramine. The anticholinergic profile of imipramine was clearly determined in
      the laboratory and in man it produces a range of activity varying from mild
      peripheral anticholinergic activity to impairment of various functions involving
      vision, cardiovascular function and gastrointestinal activity. However, in the
      geriatric population, because of the vast amount of research implicating
      cholinergic mechanisms in memory functions and particularly in some aspects of
      cognitive deficit, it may be predicted that the anticholinergic activity of the
      tricyclics may present an especially troublesome pattern in a geriatric
      population that requires antidepressant therapy. These comparative effects
      between the two agents will be discussed and documented from control study data.

PMID- 6371879
TI  - A double-blind non-crossover placebo-controlled study between group comparison of
      trazodone and amitriptyline on cardiovascular function in major depressive
      disorder.
AB  - The cardiovascular effects of trazodone ( TZD ), amitriptyline (AMT) and placebo
      were studied in out-patients with major depression. AMT was shown to have the
      expected effects on the electrocardiograph and on systolic time intervals
      consistent with its proven anticholinergic and quinidine-like properties. TZD ,
      in contrast, had no quinidine-like effects and minor effects on systolic time
      intervals. However, it was not without any cardiovascular effects. Although TZD
      was shown to be a safer preparation than the reference drug AMT, long-term
      monitoring is needed to explain the minor effect on heart rate and T wave
      changes.

PMID- 6371880
TI  - Trazodone, a review of clinical literature and personal experience.
AB  - The authors summarize the international clinical research performed on trazodone,
      underlying some pharmacodynamic and therapeutic features of the activity of the
      drug, the originality of its pharmacodynamic profile and the possibility of using
      trazodone in a wide range of primary or secondary depression subtypes. Available
      data also suggest that trazodone is safer than traditional antidepressants even
      when taken in overdose, possibly due to its mild effects on cardiac or
      ventilatory function.

PMID- 6371881
TI  - Converting-enzyme inhibition and 1-sarcosine-8-isoleucine-angiotensin II: effects
      on renal function in the dehydrated sheep.
AB  - The effect of a converting-enzyme inhibitor (captopril) was studied in nine
      conscious dehydrated Merino ewes. Captopril (4 mg I.V. over 40 min) caused
      significant decreases in mean arterial blood pressure (M.A.B.P.), renal vascular
      resistance (R.V.R.) and filtration fraction, and increases in urine flow (V),
      sodium excretion, glomerular filtration rate (G.F.R.), renal plasma flow, solute
      clearance (Cosm), solute-free water reabsorption (TC, H2O) and plasma renin
      activity (P.R.A.). None of these effects was observed when captopril was
      similarly administered to sheep pretreated with angiotensin II (AII) receptor
      blocker, 1-sarcosine-8-isoleucine-AII (sarileucin). It is concluded that the
      effects of captopril were probably not due to bradykinin potentiation but rather
      to decreased levels of circulating AII. The effect of sarileucin itself was
      complex. It effectively blocked the pressor response to administered AII, but it
      also had an AII-like effect indicated by a rise in R.V.R., and decreases in V,
      G.F.R., Cosm and TC, H2O. This apparent mixture of AII agonist and antagonist
      properties probably accounts for the absence of any change in M.A.B.P. or P.R.A.
      during sarileucin administration.

PMID- 6371882
TI  - Abdominal tuberculosis.

PMID- 6371883
TI  - The iconography of the dental profession.

PMID- 6371884
TI  - [Biometric evaluation of the use of a battery of tests for studying the
      rheumatoid factor].
AB  - The research has been executed on a sample embracing 253 patients affected with
      rheumatid arthritis (ARA criteria), 177 patients affected with osteoarthritis and
      104 healthy subjects forming the standard sample. On the serum of every subject
      we have used a series of five different tests in order to find the rheumatoid
      factor. The results we obtained have been weighed with biometrical criteria of
      various kinds in order to single out any possible common behaviour-pattern and to
      determine the tests diagnostic value as regards the considered disease. We have
      noticed a different result of single tests as regards the same diagnosis so we
      can exclude an absolute equivalence of the five tests, though for some of them
      there is a high mutual relation.

PMID- 6371885
TI  - [Differential aspects of the dynamics of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
      in obesity with and without hypertension and in essential arterial hypertension].
AB  - This report describes the impulsive function of the RAAS investigated in obese
      and non-obese hypertensives as compared to obese and non-obese normotensives. The
      aim of the investigation was to clarify whether or not the hypertensive vascular
      disease accompanying the ponderal excess can be regarded as a well-defined
      pathophysiologic entity. Data obtained showed that the behavior of the RAAS in
      hypertensive obese patients is quite different from that of non-obese
      hypertensives and obese normotensives. Such a difference implies that
      hypertension of obese people is a biochemically distinguishable entity. This
      observation corroborates the concept that the clinical association of obesity
      hypertension might be regarded as a syndrome with a proper nosographic dignity.

PMID- 6371886
TI  - Glucose, insulin and C-peptide release during a galactose tolerance test in
      alcoholic cirrhosis.

PMID- 6371887
TI  - [Antiplatelet antibodies. Evaluation of a method of indirect immunofluorescence].
AB  - The sera of 55 primary autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura patients were examined
      with indirect immunofluorescence method. The authors intended to verify the
      sensibility of an indirect method and to determine the class of detected
      antibody. The test has been positive in 28 of the 55 examined patients (51%). In
      these patients isolated or associated IgG, IgM, IgA have been detected. The
      method has shown a fair sensibility, a good reliability and a sure utility in
      those patients whose severe thrombocytopenia does not allow the execution of a
      direct method.

PMID- 6371889
TI  - Intravenous DSA examination of patients with suspected cerebral ischemia.
AB  - We analyzed the role of intravenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA), with
      neck and intracranial views as a definitive pretherapy study, in patients who had
      symptomatic cerebral ischemia. Eighty-six patients, 25 of whom had subsequent
      carotid thromboendarterectomy, were examined. An adequate pretherapy intravenous
      DSA study allowed us to define each carotid bifurcation as either normal, having
      insignificant stenosis, or having significant stenosis, and the examination
      excluded significant tandem stenosis in the intracranial internal carotid
      arteries. Adequate pretherapy intravenous DSA studies were obtained in 73% of
      patients, including 50% of those in the presurgical group. Selective carotid
      arteriography was not required in these patients. Inadequate presurgical studies
      were predominantly due to plaque misregistration, inadequate projection, and
      superimposition that obscured the proximal internal carotid arteries. Selective
      carotid arteriography was performed in these patients prior to surgery.
      Inadequate studies prior to initiation of medical therapy were predominantly due
      to soft tissue misregistration artifact, and superimposition. Intravenous DSA is
      a valuable screening test and can be used to guide therapy in the majority of
      patients who have symptomatic cerebral ischemia.

PMID- 6371888
TI  - Glomerular filtration rate in children: determination from the Tc-99m-DTPA
      renogram.
AB  - Analysis of the Tc-99m-DTPA renogram is usually limited to calculating the
      relative function of each kidney. To develop a method to determine the absolute
      glomerular filtration rate (GFR), various methods of analyzing the renogram were
      examined to determine which gave the best correlation with GFR. That regression
      could then be used to predict GFR without the need for blood samples. Fifty
      children were studied using Tc-99m-DTPA renograms and GFR measured simultaneously
      by plasma disappearance. The renogram variables were adjusted for detector
      sensitivity and for dose divided by weight, which was used as an index of plasma
      concentration. GFR correlated better with the slope of the second phase than with
      the area under the renogram curve. For the best correlation with GFR (using
      background subtraction and depth correction) r = .971 and the mean residual = 4.8
      ml/min. For GFR normalized for body surface area (using background subtraction
      and no depth correction) r = .954 and the mean residual = 9.1 ml/min/1.73 m2.
      This method can accurately estimate GFR from the renogram in children.

PMID- 6371891
TI  - A high frame-rate digital subtraction angiography imaging technique for
      evaluation of aortofemoral runoff.
AB  - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography was used to obtain a complete
      aortofemoral runoff examination of high diagnostic quality in a single patient
      session in eight patients. Using a 9-inch (22.9-cm) image intensifier, oblique
      and posteroanterior projections were obtained from the level of the aortic
      bifurcation to the tibial artery trifurcation. This technique is based upon the
      administration of one-half of the usual dose of contrast agent combined with a
      high frame-rate imaging technique and postacquisition integration to increase the
      signal-to-noise ratio. It is easily performed on an outpatient basis, lowers
      patient risk, and allows a significant savings of time, film, and cost compared
      with the conventional intra-arterial aortofemoral runoff examination.

PMID- 6371890
TI  - Lumbar myelography with iohexol and metrizamide: a comparative multicenter
      prospective study.
AB  - Diagnostic quality of radiographs and adverse reactions associated with the use
      of metrizamide and iohexol as contrast agents in lumbar myelography were compared
      in a prospective randomized double blind study in 350 patients at seven centers.
      The contrast media were administered in comparable volumes at a concentration of
      180 mg I per ml. Overall quality of radiographic visualization was graded good or
      excellent in 95% of 175 metrizamide studies and in 98% of 175 iohexol studies.
      Ninety-three patients examined using metrizamide (53%) and 130 patients examined
      using iohexol (74%) experienced no discomfort during or after myelography.
      Postmyelographic headache was associated with 38% of metrizamide examinations and
      21% of iohexol examinations. Nausea and vomiting were also more common with
      metrizamide. Five patients examined using metrizamide (3%) experienced transient
      confusion and disorientation following lumbar myelography. No such reactions were
      observed following iohexol myelography.

PMID- 6371892
TI  - Effect of region assignment on relative renal blood flow estimates using
      radionuclides.
AB  - To determine the value of the initial phase of the Tc-99m DTPA renogram in the
      direct estimation of relative renal blood flow in dogs, the ratios of the slopes
      of renal time-activity curves were compared with the ratios of measured blood
      flow. Radionuclide results were dependent on region-of-interest (ROI) and
      background ROI assignment, and correlated well with measured relative flow only
      with a maximum renal outline region. Curve slope ratios correlated well with
      measured flow ratios with and without background correction, while 1- to 2-minute
      uptake ratios correlated well only when corrected for background.

PMID- 6371893
TI  - Head immobilization for digital subtraction angiography.
AB  - A head immobilization technique using a bite-block is described for use in
      digital subtraction angiography of the head and neck.

PMID- 6371894
TI  - Cellular proliferation in atherosclerosis and hypertension.
AB  - We have tried to compare the proliferative responses seen in two vascular
      diseases: atherosclerosis and hypertension. Both diseases involve endothelial
      injury and proliferation, but our knowledge of this phenomenon is just beginning
      to emerge. In atherosclerosis the best evidence is that denudation does not occur
      in the normal young animal. Man, however, ages over a much longer time than our
      usual animal models, and the study of denudation during the chronic progression
      of atherosclerotic lesions remains to be done. We need to consider the
      possibility that repetitive, small lesions may occur at sites of endothelial
      turnover. We also need to know more about the possible role of nondenuding
      injuries, including death of endothelial cells in situ and the apparent increased
      stickiness of endothelial cells and monocytes during the early stages of
      hypercholesterolemia. The role of endothelial injury in hypertension also needs
      more study. We know that extensive denudation and thrombosis occur in small
      vessels subjected to high blood pressure. It is highly probable that release of
      PDGF occurs at these sites, possibly accounting for the characteristic
      hyperplasia seen in malignant hypertension. Whether this process is related to
      the more subtle changes in vessel wall mass seen in chronic hypertension remains
      unknown. Finally, there are remarkable differences in the proliferative behavior
      of the smooth muscle cells themselves in these two diseases. Hypertensive
      vascular disease is, in large part, a disease of the media. Atherosclerosis is
      characterized by intimal hyperplasia. Injury results in migration of smooth
      muscle cells from the media and cell division in the intima. It is possible to
      identify chemotactic factors using putative atherosclerosis risk factors or
      normal components of serum. This has already been done for one component of
      lesion formation, PDGF, and there is a report of a monocyte chemotactic factor
      released by smooth muscle cells. Factors released by other components of lesions
      may be of considerable interest. In contrast, changes in hypertension occur
      within a more orderly preservation of vessel wall structure. The wall thickens,
      but this occurs by increased synthesis of cell mass in the media. The cells
      themselves do not even divide, but they undergo a form of amitotic replication of
      their DNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6371895
TI  - Diabetes as an atherogenic factor.

PMID- 6371897
TI  - Noninvasive vascular diagnostic testing: techniques and clinical applications.

PMID- 6371896
TI  - Digitalis glycosides: mechanisms and manifestations of toxicity. Part I.

PMID- 6371898
TI  - [Enzymological aspects of halo acid dehalogenation].

PMID- 6371899
TI  - [Plasmids specifying degradation of halogenated organic compounds].

PMID- 6371900
TI  - [Proline specific endopeptidase].

PMID- 6371901
TI  - [Cell life cycle and deoxyribonucleotide metabolism--molecular and genetic
      studies].

PMID- 6371902
TI  - [Cell cycle and high-order regulation of its progression].

PMID- 6371903
TI  - [Analysis of cell cycle in yeasts].

PMID- 6371904
TI  - [Multiplication of chloroplast DNA in the cell cycle].

PMID- 6371905
TI  - [Carcinogenesis and mutator genes].

PMID- 6371907
TI  - [From cover-denture to over-denture--a long-term study].

PMID- 6371906
TI  - [Oncogenes and retroviruses].

PMID- 6371908
TI  - [Method of preparing complete dentures and their duplication after relining at
      the beginning of functional insufficiency].

PMID- 6371909
TI  - [A trial to determine the effect of certain impression methods on the shape of
      the tissues of the edentulous ridge under the denture base].

PMID- 6371910
TI  - [The evaluation of denture cleansers and adhesives].

PMID- 6371911
TI  - [Therapeutic management after prosthetic rehabilitation of patients surgically
      treated for pathological changes in the maxillofacial region].

PMID- 6371912
TI  - [Experimental studies on the adhesiveness of various metal-ceramic and metal
      plastic bonding systems].

PMID- 6371913
TI  - [Chemical metal-plastic bonding of Kallocryl A and a chromium-cobalt-molybdenum
      alloy, as a significant prerequisite for denture hygiene].

PMID- 6371914
TI  - [Surgical-prosthetic management of various hypertrophic mucosal inflammatory
      processes of the edentulous maxilla and mandible].

PMID- 6371915
TI  - [Prosthetic clasp without a visible vestibular arm].

PMID- 6371916
TI  - [Use of corrective paste in the preparation and seating of removable dentures].

PMID- 6371917
TI  - [The most frequent errors committed during technical preparation of removable
      dentures after carrying out controlled dental insertion].

PMID- 6371918
TI  - [Prosthetic treatment yesterday and today].

PMID- 6371920
TI  - [Corrections in the posterior seal of complete dentures].

PMID- 6371919
TI  - [Biomechanics of the development of prosthetic stomatopathies].

PMID- 6371921
TI  - [New immunologic syndrome--AIDS].

PMID- 6371922
TI  - [Anti-reticulin antibodies in dermatitis herpetiformis. Preliminary report].

PMID- 6371923
TI  - [Usefulness of the IgM-FTA-ABS test in the diagnosis of congenital syphilis].

PMID- 6371924
TI  - [Treatment of chronic crural ulcers with Pseudomonilia Ciba].

PMID- 6371925
TI  - [Recollections from the 1st Psychoanalytic Congress in Wiesbaden, 1932].

PMID- 6371926
TI  - [Current isolation technics used in environmental radiochemical analysis--with
      special reference to simple analysis using organic solvents].

PMID- 6371927
TI  - [Current status of X- and gamma-ray applications in the world (III). 5. Emission
      computed tomography].

PMID- 6371928
TI  - [Current separation technics used in environmental radiochemical analysis--simple
      preconcentration method using supportive materials].

PMID- 6371929
TI  - Carcinogenicity and epidemiological profile analysis of vinyl chloride and
      polyvinyl chloride.
AB  - The carcinogenicity of vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride (VC/PVC) is reviewed
      with specific attention to the gaps in knowledge for risk estimation and
      epidemiological presentation of the available data. Although experimental studies
      have demonstrated the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of VC/PVC in general, the
      epidemiologic studies available for review do not include an assessment of
      carcinogenic risk among humans exposed to these chemicals. This conclusion is
      based on the observation that the majority of cohort studies reviewed lacked
      sufficient statistical power because of small sample sizes. Further, in
      epidemiological studies, individuals were not followed over an adequate period of
      time during which cancer could become clinically manifest.

PMID- 6371930
TI  - Tin--a toxic heavy metal? A review of the literature.
AB  - A tolerable limit for tin concentration in canned food of 250 ppm (Fritsch et
      al., 1977) is generally accepted. However, biochemical effects attributable to
      tin have been observed even after oral administration of 1 and 3 mg Sn/kg body wt
      (Yamaguchi et al., 1980). These doses reflect 10 and 30 ppm tin in the diet. The
      experiments of de Groot (1973) showed that hemoglobin concentrations in the blood
      of rats decreased significantly feeding a diet containing 150 ppm tin. The
      absorption of iron was diminished after simultaneous administration of 0.8 mumol
      Sn(II) and iron, reflecting a tin dose of 95 ppm tin, by injection into jejunal
      loops of rats (Schafer and Forth, 1983). In general, however, canned food usually
      plays a secondary role in daily nutrition. Fortunately, concentrations of about
      2000 ppm tin as reported by Warburton et al. (1962) and Barker and Runte (1972)
      are not found in canned food, but values between 50 and 500 ppm are not unusual
      (Piscator, 1979). If a large amount of canned food is eaten daily over a long
      period, disturbances of gastric acid secretion and a reduction in iron absorption
      or heme metabolism cannot be excluded. The storage of food, especially acid
      foods, in opened cans should be avoided as this practice increases the amount of
      tin in the food when it is consumed.

PMID- 6371931
TI  - Toxicological assessment of the hemostatic system, regulatory requirements, and
      industry practice.
AB  - Disturbances of the hemostatic system which may be caused by chemicals include
      hemorrhagic diathesis, caused by inhibition of blood clotting, impairment of
      platelet function, and hyperactivity of fibrinolysis. Activation of the plasmatic
      clotting system, platelet aggregation, and inhibition of fibrinolysis may lead to
      thromboembolic complications. Although much is known about the functions of the
      hemostatic system a rational and cost-effective approach for its assessment in
      industrial toxicology is lacking. In this review the physiology of hemostasis and
      the available laboratory tests are discussed, current regulatory requirements are
      described, and industry practice is analyzed based on experience accumulated over
      the last 23 years. Proposals for a more flexible and scientific approach to
      testing of hemostatic mechanisms in toxicology are made.

PMID- 6371932
TI  - [Etiopathogenetic factors in postoperative gastritis caused by alkaline reflux.
      I. Clinical aspects].

PMID- 6371933
TI  - [Etiopathogenic factors in postoperative gastritis caused by alkaline reflux. II.
      Experimental aspects].

PMID- 6371934
TI  - [Etiopathogenic factors in postoperative gastritis caused by alkaline reflux.
      III. Mechanism of action].

PMID- 6371935
TI  - [Research on hemorrhagic dengue in Cuba].

PMID- 6371936
TI  - [M. cubense: a comparative study using thin-layer chromatography].

PMID- 6371937
TI  - [Dengue hemorrhagic fever. Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific (review
      article) (I)].

PMID- 6371938
TI  - [Dengue in the Caribbean and the Americas (review article) (II)].

PMID- 6371939
TI  - [Determination of the age of adult culicines using layers deposited in the
      thoracic apodemes].

PMID- 6371940
TI  - [Cultivation and comparison of morphometric parameters of Biomphalaria glabrata
      and native species].

PMID- 6371941
TI  - [Lutzomyia (C) orestes (Diptera, Psychodidae)].

PMID- 6371942
TI  - [Relative behavior of larval densities of Aedes (S) aegypti and Culex (C)
      quinquefasciatus in the intensive stage of the anti-aegypti campaign].

PMID- 6371943
TI  - [Birds infected with Ornithodorus ticks, virus vectors].

PMID- 6371944
TI  - [Endemic strains of pathogenic Leptospirae isolated in Latin America and the
      Caribbean].

PMID- 6371945
TI  - [Tropical pyomyositis. Clinical study with a review of cases].

PMID- 6371946
TI  - [Study of 10 families from the leprosy cluster in the health areas belonging to
      the Enrique Cabrera teaching hospital].

PMID- 6371947
TI  - [Isolation of pathogenic Staphylococci in a selective medium].

PMID- 6371948
TI  - [Search for mycoplasmas in 50 cases of puerperal sepsis].

PMID- 6371949
TI  - [Poisonous snake bites (Reptilia-Serpientes-Colubridae)].

PMID- 6371950
TI  - [Aid to diagnosis and decision making in an acute abdominal pain syndrome].
AB  - Diagnostic and decision making performances of a Bayesian model have been
      compared with clinically performances in abdominal pain of acute onset.
      Diagnostic accuracy of computer (63.3 p. cent) was lower than diagnostic accuracy
      of clinicians (72.6 p. cent). A two-fold increase in the number of diagnoses
      similarly decreased both performances. When the computer came to use national
      data base (6 916 patients) instead of local data base (571 patients), diagnostic
      accuracy of low-prevalence diseases increased and diagnostic accuracy of high
      prevalence diseases decreased. Decision making accuracy of computer and
      clinicians were identical.

PMID- 6371951
TI  - Computer-aided diagnosis of acute abdominal pain. The British experience.
AB  - This presentation reviews the U.K. experience of computer-aided diagnosis of
      acute abdominal pain--which now relates to over 30,000 cases seen in more than 10
      hospitals during a 13 years period. Following a discussion of the philosophy,
      construction and mode of usage of the systems employed, results of this
      experience are presented. Computer-aided diagnosis in this area has been shown to
      be feasible and (if correctly utilised) leads to improvements in patient care,
      diagnosis, and decision making by the doctors involved. In this context, the
      computer is simply one element of an integrated package reaffirming the
      importance of traditional clinical medicine.

PMID- 6371952
TI  - Rcn Association of Nursing Education's conference on computer usage.

PMID- 6371953
TI  - Study of several factors affecting the agglutinating activity of K99-positive
      Escherichia coli strains.
AB  - The effect of several factors on Escherichia coli K99-plasmid associated
      agglutination has been studied. The results obtained indicate that Escherichia
      coli 637 (K99+) mediated red blood cell agglutination is unspecific although the
      agglutination titres for several erythrocyte species are significantly different.
      The agglutination is highly stable (at least with sheep red blood cells) to
      changes in temperature (from 4 degrees C to 37 degrees C), to changes in pH (from
      5 to 9) and to the presence or absence of several metallic cations. Treatment of
      sheep erythrocytes with certain proteolytic enzymes (papain and trypsin) results
      in a increment in their agglutinability. Also, the extraction of galactose after
      the removal of sialic acid residues from the oligosaccharides present on the
      erythrocyte membranes results in a great increment in their agglutinability. On
      the other hand, only thyroglobulin, mucin, fetuin, and the oligosaccharides
      extracted from the last two glycoproteins are able to inhibit K99-plasmid
      mediated sheep red blood cell agglutination.

PMID- 6371954
TI  - Acetaminophen-induced alterations in blood glucose and blood insulin levels in
      mice.
AB  - Three hours following administration of a toxic dose of the analgesic
      acetaminophen (500 mg/kg) to mice, blood glucose levels increased to 225 per
      cent. By six hours blood glucose levels decreased to approximately control values
      and by 24 hours glucose levels were 45 percent saline-treated control values.
      Immunoprecipitable blood insulin levels increased dramatically following
      acetaminophen treatment and were 300 per cent at 3 hours, 1100 per cent at 8
      hours and 800 per cent at 24 hours. Saline treatment did not appreciably alter
      blood insulin levels. These observations indicate that acetaminophen may
      selectively alter pancreatic beta cells.

PMID- 6371955
TI  - Stimulation of renin release from rat renal cortical slices by cyclosporin A.
AB  - Cyclosporin A is known to produce increases in plasma and kidney renin in vivo.
      In this study, Cyclosporin A was shown to stimulate renin release in vitro in rat
      renal cortical slices. At the optimal concentration of 8 x 10(-6) M Cyclosporin
      A, renin release was stimulated by up to 43% during a 2 hr incubation at 37
      degrees. This observation strengthens the hypothesis that the intra renal renin
      angiotensin system may participate in the mechanism of Cyclosporin A
      nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 6371956
TI  - Action of certain pharmacological associations on the level of cerebral biogenic
      amines and some metabolites in the curative treatment of hemorrhagic shock in
      rats.
AB  - Different associations of pharmacological agents were tested in the curative
      treatment of hemorrhagic shock, using as criteria the variations of cerebral
      biogenic amines (NE, DA, 5-HT) and some of their metabolites (DOPAC, HVA, 5
      HIAA). These values were compared to those observed in controls two hours after
      the reinjection of effused blood. Prior work had led to the use of each component
      of these therapeutic associations and the reasons having suggested their
      association are summarized. The results show that the most active association for
      antagonizing the changes of the above amines and metabolites is that of tyrosine,
      15% glucose, insulin and vitamin C. The results are discussed.

PMID- 6371957
TI  - Decreased insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in spontaneous canine
      hyperadrenocorticism.
AB  - Alterations in carbohydrate metabolism were evaluated in 60 dogs with untreated
      hyperadrenocorticism by measuring basal concentrations of plasma glucose and
      insulin and performing glucose and insulin tolerance tests. The 60 dogs could be
      divided into four groups based on paired glucose and insulin concentrations.
      Eight dogs had normal concentrations of both glucose and insulin. Twenty-four
      dogs (40 per cent) were euglycaemic with mild to moderate hyperinsulinaemia
      whereas 23 (38 per cent) had moderate hyperglycaemia with moderate to severe
      hyperinsulinaemia. The five dogs (8 per cent) with overt ketoacidotic diabetes
      mellitus had relative insulin deficiency. Of eight dogs tested, six had
      intravenous glucose intolerance; all of the dogs had increased total insulin
      secretion during glucose tolerance testing. Resistance to the hypoglycaemic
      effect of exogenous insulin was demonstrated in six of the seven dogs tested. In
      20 dogs that had basal glucose and insulin again determined after correction of
      hyperadrenocorticism, mean concentrations of both glucose and insulin decreased
      into the normal range.

PMID- 6371958
TI  - Influence of diet on postweaning malabsorption and diarrhoea in the pig.
AB  - Five-day-old pigs challenged with 10(3) pathogenic Escherichia coli (nalidixic
      acid resistant) showed no clinical signs of disease until subsequently weaned at
      three weeks. Dietary manipulation was shown to influence xylose malabsorption,
      diarrhoea and bacterial proliferation after weaning. Brief, but not continuous,
      contact with the diet before weaning markedly increased the severity of
      subsequent disease after weaning. Immunogenicity of the weaning diet was critical
      for the development of the disease. Two diets, identical except that in one the
      protein source (casein) had previously been enzymatically hydrolysed, were
      compared. Pigs fed the predigested diet showed no clinical signs of post weaning
      diarrhoea whereas those fed the untreated casein all developed diarrhoea.

PMID- 6371959
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Brucella ovis specific antibody in ram
      sera.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of Brucella ovis
      specific antibody in ram serum was compared with the currently employed
      complement fixation test (CFT). Rabbit anti-sheep IgG coupled to horseradish
      peroxidase was used as the antibody-enzyme conjugate and 2,2'-azino-di[3
      ethylbenzthiazolin sulphonate (6)] as the substrate. The ratio of the optical
      density at 414 nm for positive and negative control sera (P/N ratio) was used to
      optimise the parameters of the test. Ram serum samples (16,527) were tested using
      ELISA and CFT (warm and cold) over a one year period. The ELISA was more
      sensitive and provided a more reliable measure of B ovis specific antibody than
      did the CFT. Implications of employing ELISA as the sole test in an eradication
      scheme are discussed.

PMID- 6371960
TI  - Retinal periphlebitis as the initial clinical finding in a patient with Hodgkin's
      disease.
AB  - A 28-year-old woman noted decreased vision in one eye and was found to have
      bilateral optic disc swelling, periphlebitis, focal chorioretinitis, and
      vitritis. Subsequent lymph node biopsy revealed nodular sclerosing. Hodgkin's
      disease, stage II-A. The ocular manifestations of the disease resolved in
      response to systemic radiation therapy. The relationship of the ophthalmic
      findings to the systemic disease are discussed.

PMID- 6371961
TI  - Taylor R. Smith: his legacy.

PMID- 6371962
TI  - [Seronegative spondyloarthritis].

PMID- 6371963
TI  - Lymphocyte subpopulations and serum immunoglobulins in splenectomized patients
      with hereditary spherocytosis.

PMID- 6371964
TI  - [Identification and characterization of radioiodination products gonadotropin
      releasing hormone I].

PMID- 6371965
TI  - [Sex differentiation. II. Abnormalities of the sex chromosomes and changes in
      gonadal differentiation].

PMID- 6371966
TI  - [Diabetes mellitus in the aged subject].

PMID- 6371967
TI  - [Orthostatic hypotension: current aspects].

PMID- 6371968
TI  - [Recuperation in chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy. Value of a complex
      therapeutic program].

PMID- 6371969
TI  - [The effect of chloramphenicol irradiation on the growth of some E coli strains].

PMID- 6371970
TI  - [Medical prescriptions in an unpublished 18th century manuscript of the Sf.
      Spiridon Hospital of Jassy (IV)].

PMID- 6371971
TI  - Freeze-etching studies of B cell membranes: recent progress.

PMID- 6371972
TI  - Human lymphocyte function-associated antigens.
AB  - Three cell surface molecules, designated LFA-1, LFA-2, and LFA-3 were identified
      by mAbs selected for their ability to block cytolysis by an OKT4+, HLA-DR
      specific CTL line. The LFA mAbs block all CTL and proliferative functions
      studied. In addition, anti-LFA-1 mAbs inhibit NK-mediated cytolysis. By analogy
      with murine LFA-1, human LFA-1 may be involved in the adhesion stage of cellular
      interactions. LFA-2, the SRBC receptor molecule, appears to be a T cell function
      specific molecule. We have not yet established whether LFA-2 participates in
      antigen recognition or whether it is involved in antigen-non-specific
      interactions. The anti-LFA-3 mAb specifically blocks function by binding to the
      target cells, implying that LFA-3 may be a target ligand for an effector-specific
      receptor. The CTL-target interaction involves a number of steps, including
      antigen recognition, cell adhesion, and delivery of the lethal hit [22]. The LFA
      antigens show the complexity of this process at the molecular level. The anti-LFA
      monoclonal antibodies will be useful probes into the T cell immune response and
      may prove clinically relevant, both diagnostically and therapeutically.

PMID- 6371973
TI  - Experimental approaches to the identification of immunologically active soluble
      factors produced in vivo.

PMID- 6371974
TI  - Mononuclear phagocytes: phenotype and function.

PMID- 6371975
TI  - The complement system: 1983.

PMID- 6371976
TI  - NK cells and tumor immunity: 1983.

PMID- 6371977
TI  - Immunology of the eye--1983.

PMID- 6371978
TI  - Schwartz LM, MD. 1922-1984.

PMID- 6371979
TI  - [Contribution of radiology in the examination of the vessels of the neck].

PMID- 6371980
TI  - [15 years of progress in the biological sciences].

PMID- 6371981
TI  - [Cellular biology: human prolactin-secreting cells].

PMID- 6371982
TI  - [Nephrology].

PMID- 6371983
TI  - [Cancerology].

PMID- 6371984
TI  - [Neurosurgery].

PMID- 6371985
TI  - [Surgery].

PMID- 6371986
TI  - [Cardiology--pediatrics].

PMID- 6371987
TI  - [Monitoring the permeability of aortocoronary grafts with digital angiography].

PMID- 6371988
TI  - [Physiology of the pancreas].

PMID- 6371989
TI  - [Diagnosis, clinical aspects and therapy of vulvovaginitis in daily medical
      practice].

PMID- 6371990
TI  - [Toward surgery of the individual. Reflexions on the psychologic aspects of
      plastic and reconstructive surgery].

PMID- 6371991
TI  - [Transplantation of hairy skin].

PMID- 6371992
TI  - [Possibilities of plastico-surgical covering in the region of the lower leg and
      foot].

PMID- 6371993
TI  - [Correction of retracted or depressed scars. Trampoline plasty].

PMID- 6371994
TI  - [Nutritional and medicinal factors in biliary cholesterol lithiasis].

PMID- 6371995
TI  - [Steroid receptors in the central nervous system. Implications in neurology].
AB  - This review deals with steroid hormones and receptors in relation to the
      physiology and the pathology of the central nervous system (CNS) and meninges. In
      recent years experiments performed in animals showed that: 1) endogenous steroid
      hormones cross the blood brain barrier: 2) radiolabelled steroid hormones bind in
      specific areas of the CNS; 3) all five classes of steroid receptors, i.e.
      oestrogen, progesterone, androgen, glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors
      (OR, PR, AR, GR, MR), are present in brain tissues, especially in the
      hypothalamus and the limbic system; 4) the interaction of steroid hormones and
      specific receptors induces the synthesis of proteins in the CNS; 5) finally, in
      situ metabolism of steroid hormones has been evidenced by the presence of
      specific enzymes. A few studies in human brain tissues have shown the presence of
      GR and OR as well as enzymes involved in the metabolism of sex steroid hormones.
      In neurology, some epidemiological and clinical data suggest the implication of
      steroid hormones and receptors in human CNS: 1) the influence of oestrogens in
      tardive dyskinesia; 2) the relevance of hormonal changes in benign intracranial
      hypertension; 3) the usefulness of glucocorticoid therapy in many patients with
      intracranial tumors and/or edema. Due to feasibility, most researches have
      concerned tumors: meningioma, neurinoma and glioma. Firstly, a reappraisal of
      biochemical and histochemical technics used to detect and characterize the
      receptors in tumors is presented. Then results from the recent literature are
      reviewed. In meningioma, PR was found in 89 p. 100 (152/177) of the cases,
      usually at moderate to high levels (up to 33 000 fmol/gT). In addition, PR has
      been fully characterized from a biochemical point of view. Furthermore, it has
      been hypothesized that PR may be a marker of leptomeningeal cells since it was
      detected at high levels in well differentiated tumors provided they had no or few
      psammoma. This was further supported by the discovery of PR in normal
      leptomeninges in human adults. OR was detected in 48 p. 100 (87/177) of the
      meningioma, at low levels. This is in contrast with PR but the percentage of
      cases with OR raises to 70 p. 100 (42/60) if one considers only tumors assayed
      for both cytosolic and nuclear receptors. Therefore it has been suggested that OR
      had translocated into the nucleus, at least in some cases, and subsequently the
      hypothesis of functional OR in meningioma was raised. AR was also detected in
      meningioma. Furthermore AR levels were found to correlate well with PR
      levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6371996
TI  - [Effect of intra-articular oxygen therapy on the morphology of the surgical wound
      after synovectomy in rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 6371997
TI  - [Morphology of the early phase of rheumatoid synovitis compared to the clinical
      course of the disease. I. Cytoproliferation and cytolysis--the main signs of
      rheumatoid synovitis].

PMID- 6371998
TI  - [Vascular disorders in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis].

PMID- 6371999
TI  - [Blood viscosity in rheumatic diseases].

PMID- 6372000
TI  - [Lesions of the pulmonary vessels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 6372001
TI  - [Role of orthopedic surgical treatment in the combined therapy of rheumatoid
      arthritis patients with the predominant lesion in the knee joints].

PMID- 6372002
TI  - [Immunological indices in systemic vasculitis].

PMID- 6372003
TI  - [Clinico-immunological analysis of the use of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agents
      in rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 6372004
TI  - [Ambulatory mud therapy of osteoarthrosis deformans patients].

PMID- 6372005
TI  - [Changes in the immunological reactivity indices of rheumatoid arthritis patients
      as affected by treatment at a mud-bath health resort].

PMID- 6372006
TI  - [Carcinoembryonic antigen levels of the blood serum of rheumatoid arthritis
      patients].

PMID- 6372007
TI  - [Genetic structure and clinical polymorphism of rheumatism and rheumatoid
      arthritis].

PMID- 6372008
TI  - [The nervous system in rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 6372009
TI  - [Errors in the diagnosis of infectious endocarditis].

PMID- 6372010
TI  - [Use of prednisolone pulse therapy in severe drug disease due to D
      penicillamine].

PMID- 6372011
TI  - [Goniometer].

PMID- 6372013
TI  - [Treatment of neurodystrophic lesions of the locomotor apparatus].

PMID- 6372012
TI  - [New aspects of the etiology and pathogenesis of rheumatic fever].

PMID- 6372015
TI  - [Release of heat induced by the setting of a bonding agent or sealant].

PMID- 6372014
TI  - [Surgical treatment of arthritis of the elbow joint in rheumatoid arthritis
      patients].

PMID- 6372016
TI  - [The biological consequences of the presence of metallic ions in the oral
      cavity].

PMID- 6372017
TI  - [The correction of primary impressions in complete dentures].

PMID- 6372018
TI  - Anaerobic oral and dental infection.
AB  - Anaerobes make up a significant part of the oral and dental indigenous and
      pathogenic flora. Their role in periodontal disease, root canal infections,
      infections of the hard and soft oral tissue, as well as their importance as foci
      for disseminated infectious disease is well established. Despite the ubiquitous
      involvement of bacteria, significant progress in our understanding of specific
      microbial etiologies has occurred only in the past decade. Estimates of the
      number of species recovered from samples of subgingival plaque range from 250 to
      400, a large portion made up by anaerobes. Common anaerobic isolates include
      Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, Actinomyces, Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus,
      Selenomonas, Eubacterium, Propionibacterium, and Treponema. Recently, several
      significant advances in our knowledge have set the stage for future research.
      First, circulating levels of hormones in pregnant women were shown to be
      stimulatory to Bacteroides species, which were associated with increased levels
      of gingival infection. Second, bacterial invasion of the soft and hard
      periodontal tissues has been documented in gingivitis, advanced periodontitis,
      and localized juvenile periodontitis. The frequency and identity of invading
      bacteria will determine the implications for diagnosis and treatment. Third,
      antibacterial "probes" aimed at anaerobic (and capnophilic) bacteria have had
      promising results in controlling and arresting oral, dental, and peridontal
      anaerobic infections.

PMID- 6372019
TI  - Anaerobes in infections of the head and neck and ear, nose, and throat.
AB  - Anaerobic bacteria outnumber aerobes at most oropharyngeal sites, with counts up
      to 10(11)/ml of fluid, and have been implicated in infections of all structures
      of the head and neck. They are common in chronic otitis media, chronic sinusitis,
      and various soft-tissue infections. These infections are initiated primarily by
      mucosal breaks. Bacterial factors such as adhesiveness and antileukocytic
      activity also may play a role. Among the complications of these infections are
      brain abscess, aspiration pneumonia, and anaerobic sepsis. Treatment includes
      surgical drainage and use of antimicrobial agents active against the mixed flora
      commonly found. Penicillin is currently the drug of choice, but this may change
      with the emergence of beta-lactamase-producing strains of anaerobes such as
      Bacteroides melaninogenicus.

PMID- 6372020
TI  - Anaerobic mediastinitis.
AB  - Anaerobic bacteria often are neglected in discussions of the bacteriology of
      mediastinitis. Two cases of anaerobic mediastinitis are reported and the
      literature in this field is reviewed. Anaerobes are important pathogens in the
      etiology of mediastinitis secondary to perforation of the esophagus, extension of
      a retropharyngeal abscess, or extension of cellulitis or abscess of dental origin
      from the neck. Although anaerobes indigenous to the oral cavity predominate in
      these cases, there are also a few cases reported involving Bacteroides fragilis.
      The source of the mediastinitis should be considered when antimicrobial therapy
      is initiated so that appropriate anaerobic coverage can be included when
      indicated.

PMID- 6372021
TI  - The role of anaerobic bacteria in intraabdominal infections.
AB  - The exact role the anaerobic enteric flora plays in the pathogenesis and
      persistence of intraabdominal infections due to perforation of a hollow viscus is
      still unclear. Four lines of evidence have been evaluated. (1) Careful cultures
      of intraabdominal infections almost always yield anaerobic bacteria, but only
      relatively few species are predictably found, compared with the hundreds of
      species populating the colon. (2) Experimental models have demonstrated that the
      pathogenetic roles of aerobes and anaerobes differ from one another during the
      establishment of mixed intraabdominal sepsis. Facultative organisms induce more
      systemic toxicity, and anaerobes predispose to abscess formation. Evidence is
      inconclusive whether true synergy between aerobes and anaerobes exists in such
      models. (3) Studies of oral prophylactic antibiotics strongly support the
      important role of the anaerobic component of colonic contents in the pathogenesis
      of postoperative infections. (4) Studies using therapeutic antibiotics generally
      favor coverage for both aerobic and anaerobic components of the contaminating
      enteric contents. Properly performed clinical studies directed at this latter
      point, however, are disappointingly few.

PMID- 6372022
TI  - Biliary tract infection with anaerobes and the presence of free bile acids in
      bile.
AB  - Gallbladder bile from 24 patients (five with anaerobic biliary tract infection,
      10 with aerobic biliary tract infection, and nine without biliary tract
      infection) was examined by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) for the presence of
      free bile acids. All five patients with an anaerobic biliary tract infection had
      small amounts of free bile acids in gallbladder bile. Seven of 10 patients with
      aerobic biliary tract infection and nine patients with sterile bile had no
      detectable free bile acids. Minute amounts of free bile acids were detectable on
      TLC in bile of three patients with aerobic infections. Calcium bilirubinate
      stones were more common in patients with free bile acids in bile.

PMID- 6372023
TI  - Anaerobes in liver abscess.
AB  - Non-spore-forming anaerobic bacteria are recognized as the most numerous and
      important pathogens in pyogenic liver abscess. These infections are usually
      polymicrobial. Frequent causes of anaerobic liver abscess are acute and chronic
      inflammatory bowel disease with or without perforation, malignancy and/or surgery
      of the gastrointestinal tract or pelvic organs, and biliary tract disease. Many
      abscesses are still classified as cryptogenic. A thorough understanding of
      bacterial etiology and the use of refined and accurate localizing and diagnostic
      techniques facilitate early diagnosis and effective treatment. In addition, the
      availability of bactericidal antimicrobial agents with extended spectra of
      activity against anaerobes and their use in selected cases is changing the
      classic therapeutic approach of antimicrobial therapy and open surgical drainage.
      Percutaneous aspiration has been used successfully in lieu of open drainage in
      several cases and antimicrobial treatment without drainage has been successful in
      others.

PMID- 6372024
TI  - Predictive value of amniotic-membrane cultures for the development of
      postcesarean endometritis.
AB  - This study assesses (1) the relationship between the bacteriology of amniotic
      membrane cultures (AMCs) obtained at the time of primary cesarean section and the
      subsequent postoperative course of afebrile, laboring patients whose membranes
      ruptured greater than or equal to 4 hr before delivery and (2) the impact of
      perioperative antibiotics on this relationship. Therapy with perioperative
      antibiotics was begun after the cord was clamped and the membrane specimen was
      obtained for culture. Specimens for AMC were obtained from 127 patients; 62
      received placebo and 65 received perioperative antibiotics. In spite of the
      homogeneity of the patients' clinical risk factors, their AMCs demonstrated
      considerable variation in the degree of bacterial contamination present at the
      time of cesarean section. The presence of no growth or of low-virulence isolates
      only in the AMC usually was associated with a benign postoperative course, and
      therapy with perioperative antibiotics did not significantly decrease the
      incidence of endometritis associated with these AMC patterns. On the other hand,
      the presence of a mixture of high- and low-virulence organisms in the AMC or of
      high-virulence anaerobes only--more specifically, gram-negative anaerobes--was
      predictive of subsequent postcesarean endometritis only for patients who did not
      receive perioperative antibiotics, and therapy significantly decreased the
      incidence of endometritis associated with these AMC patterns. In conclusion, the
      correlation between specific bacteriologic patterns found in the AMC and the
      subsequent development of endometritis for patients who did not receive
      prophylactic antibiotics was better than the correlation based on clinical risk
      factors alone.

PMID- 6372025
TI  - Anaerobic bacteria in bone and joint infections.
AB  - The etiologic importance of anaerobic microorganisms in bone and joint infections
      in certain settings has recently been emphasized. These settings include recovery
      of Actinomyces species, hematogenously acquired infection, the presence of
      anaerobes in pure culture, and prosthetic-joint infection. Frequently, mixed
      aerobic-anaerobic bone or joint infection develops as a consequence of infection
      in adjacent areas. The incidence with which anaerobes are present in these
      settings is undoubtedly underestimated and may often be unappreciated in regard
      to the selection of therapeutic agents. Therefore, a practical approach to the
      treatment of infections involving anaerobes that is based on our current
      knowledge is necessary. Animal models are now available for study of anaerobic
      osteomyelitis. In conjunction with prospective human studies utilizing careful
      microbiologic techniques, it should be possible to determine the significance of
      anaerobic bacteria when a polymicrobial flora is present in bone and joint
      infections.

PMID- 6372027
TI  - Anaerobes in burn-wound infections.
AB  - Anaerobic bacteria are not routinely considered in discussions of the etiology of
      burn-wound infection. However, this review of the literature reveals that there
      are numerous case reports that document clinically significant anaerobic burn
      wound infection and some prospective data that suggest a possible role of
      anaerobes in the clinical setting of burn-wound sepsis. Further studies are
      needed to answer the questions of how often anaerobes colonize burn wounds and
      how often anaerobes invade the wounds to cause clinically significant burn-wound
      sepsis.

PMID- 6372026
TI  - Role of anaerobic bacteria in bite-wound infections.
AB  - The etiologic agents usually involved in wound infections due to human or animal
      bites are the aerobic skin flora of the victim, e.g., Staphylococcus aureus,
      and/or the aerobic oral flora of the biter, e.g., Pasteurella multocida. While
      anaerobic bacteria are predominant in the normal oral flora of humans and
      animals, their importance in the pathogenesis of bite-wound infections has not
      been stressed. Most investigators in this field have either not cultured these
      wounds for anaerobic bacteria or not utilized optimal culture techniques. In a
      series of studies on human and animal bite wounds, methods that are optimal for
      recovery of anaerobic bacteria were used. Anaerobes were found in significant
      quantities in 39% of animal bite wounds, 50% of human bite wounds, and 56% of
      clenched-fist injuries. Several species of anaerobes usually were present in the
      wounds and always were present in mixed culture with aerobic oral flora. The
      anaerobes most commonly isolated included Bacteroides asaccharolyticus,
      Bacteroides bivius, Bacteroides disiens, Bacteroides melaninogenicus, Bacteroides
      oralis, Bacteroides ruminicola, Bacteroides pneumosintes, Bacteroides
      ureolyticus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Fusobacterium russii, Peptococcus species,
      Peptostreptococcus species, and Veillonella species. Initial, empiric
      antimicrobial therapy for bite wounds should be directed against potential
      anaerobic as well as aerobic pathogens.

PMID- 6372028
TI  - Anaerobic infections in childhood.
AB  - Anaerobic bacteria are part of the normal flora of mucous membranes and outnumber
      aerobic bacteria in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. Anaerobes can be
      isolated from pediatric patients with various infections when appropriate
      techniques for transportation and cultivation of samples are employed. Frequently
      anaerobes are isolated in combination with other facultative or aerobic bacteria.
      The genera or groups of anaerobes most frequently isolated from pyogenic
      infections in children are (in order of decreasing frequency) OFFteroides,
      Clostridium, gram-positive cocci, Fusobacterium, gram-positive rods (Eubacterium,
      Lactobacillus, Propionibacterium, Actinomyces, and Bifidobacterium), and gram
      negative cocci (Veillonella and Acidaminococcus). Clostridium perfringens causes
      bacteremia and wound infections. Clostridium botulinum can produce a paralytic
      toxin that causes a lethal illness in adults and a paralytic syndrome in infants.
      Clostridium difficile can cause antibiotic-associated colitis or diarrhea.
      Bacteroides fragilis is most frequently involved in intraabdominal infections,
      infections of the female genital tract, subcutaneous abscesses, and bacteremia.
      Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Bacteroides oralis are the predominent anaerobes
      in orofacial infections and aspiration pneumonia. Fusobacterium species are
      pathogens in aspiration pneumonia, brain abscesses, and orofacial infections.
      Anaerobic gram-positive cocci can be recovered from all types of infections but
      predominate in respiratory tract and intra-abdominal infections. Recognition of
      the pathogenic qualities of the various anaerobic organisms can assist in their
      prompt identification and in the initiation of appropriate therapy.

PMID- 6372029
TI  - Breast feeding and toxigenic intestinal infections: missing links in crib death?
AB  - Infant botulism results when Clostridium botulinum spores germinate, colonize the
      gut, and there produce botulinal toxin, which after absorption causes flaccid
      muscle paralysis. The observed variation in the severity of the disease was
      linked to the infant's milk source, in that all sudden death cases
      indistinguishable from typical crib death occurred in infants who had been
      formula-fed, whereas the more gradual onset, hospitalized cases occurred in
      infants who were predominantly breast-fed. Secretory IgA antibody against C.
      botulinum vegetative cell antigens was found in human milk from mothers of both
      healthy infants and patients, a finding that further confirms the functioning of
      the "mucosal immune system" in humans. The hypothesis that some crib deaths might
      also result from other intestinally produced bacterial toxins was investigated by
      injecting infant rhesus monkeys with microgram amounts of purified Clostridium
      difficile toxins A and B; quiet death pathologically consistent with human crib
      death occurred within 4 hr to 10 hr. This and other evidence suggest that infant
      botulism may be the prototype of a putative class of heretofore unrecognized
      diseases, the "toxigenic intestinal infections of infancy." Collectively, these
      illnesses may account for a modest proportion of crib death, against which human
      milk may provide relative protection.

PMID- 6372030
TI  - Botulism and tetanus: selected epidemiologic and microbiologic aspects.
AB  - Botulism is rare in both developing and developed countries. During 1980 only 89
      cases (18 food borne, 68 infant, 2 wound, 1 unspecified) were reported in the
      United States. Coproexamination is essential for laboratory confirmation of
      infant botulism. Botulinal antitoxins of equine origin are used for treating food
      borne and wound botulism but are usually not recommended for infant cases.
      Tetanus is much more common in some developing countries than in developed
      countries. During 1980 only 95 cases of tetanus were reported in the United
      States; in 68 (72%) of these cases, the patient was 50 years or older, and in
      only two (2.1%) cases was the patient younger than one year. Tetanus neonatorum
      is a major problem in some developing countries. Diagnosis of tetanus is based
      primarily on clinical findings, but laboratory studies can be helpful, especially
      in epidemiologic investigations. Human hyperimmune immunoglobulin is now used in
      the treatment of tetanus.

PMID- 6372031
TI  - Antimicrobial agent-associated colitis and diarrhea: historical background and
      clinical aspects.
AB  - In the late 1970s it was found that Clostridium difficile causes a lethal,
      clindamycin-induced ileocecitis in the Syrian hamster; this animal model has been
      an invaluable aid to our understanding of antimicrobial agent-induced diarrhea in
      humans. C. difficile is involved in almost all cases of pseudomembranous colitis
      and in approximately one-fourth of cases of antimicrobial agent-associated
      diarrhea in humans in which a pseudomembrane is not detected. The presenting
      signs and symptoms of C. difficile-induced diarrhea are quite variable. Mild
      diarrhea may be the only finding in the least severe form of disease, whereas
      patients with severe disease may have high fever, leukocytosis, severe abdominal
      cramping, marked abdominal tenderness, and profuse diarrhea. Occasionally,
      symptoms may be so marked as to simulate an acute intraabdominal catastrophe.
      Diagnosis of C. difficile-induced disease usually is made by detecting C.
      difficile cytotoxin in the feces of a patient. Assay for cytotoxin in feces of
      infants is not reliable for diagnosis, however, because of the high incidence of
      an asymptomatic carrier state in this group. Appropriate therapy includes
      discontinuation of the offending antimicrobial agent and administration of oral
      vancomycin when specific antibacterial treatment is indicated.

PMID- 6372033
TI  - Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria.
AB  - Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria has assumed greater
      importance in recent years because of (1) an increase in recognition of the
      clinical significance of anaerobes, (2) a decrease in predictability of
      susceptibility patterns, (3) the appearance of new antimicrobial agents with
      variable activity against anaerobes, (4) an increase in use of and demand for
      susceptibility data by clinicians, and (5) the availability of a standardized
      reference and practical methods for susceptibility testing of anaerobes. The
      broth microdilution and broth disk-elution techniques are suitable for clinical
      microbiology laboratories and have been shown to provide results comparable to
      those obtained with the reference agar-dilution method developed by the National
      Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. The ability to produce beta
      lactamase has been demonstrated in most strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group
      and in over half of other Bacteroides. Increasing resistance of B. fragilis to
      clindamycin has been reported, and the newer beta-lactam antibiotics, including
      moxalactam, piperacillin, cefoperazone, and cefotaxime, have variable activity
      against this organism. Most medical centers should perform susceptibility tests
      on anaerobes isolated from patients with bacteremia and bone and joint and
      central nervous system infections and on those anaerobes isolated in pure culture
      from other specimens and also should test anaerobic isolates on special request
      of clinicians.

PMID- 6372032
TI  - Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile-induced intestinal disease.
AB  - The epidemiology of Clostridium difficile-induced intestinal disease is an
      intriguing subject about which there are few answers but many remaining
      questions. Although it is accepted that altered intestinal microecology (usually
      the result of antimicrobial therapy) is a major predisposition to disease, the
      details of microbial interactions are not yet known and clearly involve more than
      simple overgrowth of a resistant member of the resident flora. A variety of
      reservoirs of C. difficile are recognized. These include endogenous carriage,
      environmental contamination, and zoonoses, but the relative epidemiologic
      importance of these varied sources is yet to be determined. Because minor
      variations in methods for cultivation of C. difficile can markedly affect the
      ability to detect the organism, even the prevalence of endogenous carriage by
      various populations is not fully defined. There is good evidence for nosocomial
      acquisition of disease, but the frequency of this event and the usefulness of
      preventive measures need to be determined. The development of a typing system
      would provide a valuable tool for investigating many of the remaining questions.
      Finally, in addition to the recognized risk factors, which include the apparently
      predisposing alteration in intestinal microecology and exposure to C. difficile,
      there appear to be other, as yet undefined, variables that help to determine
      whether disease will occur. Perhaps the elucidation of the details of the
      pertinent microbial interactions as well as an understanding of the relevant host
      pathogen relationships will provide important insights into the epidemiology of
      C. difficile-induced disease.

PMID- 6372034
TI  - Prophylaxis for intraabdominal surgery.
AB  - Great progress has been made in the last decade concerning the appropriate use of
      antibiotic prophylaxis in the patient undergoing abdominal surgery. Well
      controlled, prospective, blind studies have outlined many of the areas in which
      antibiotic prophylaxis is of benefit as well as those clinical settings in which
      the risks of antibiotic prophylaxis outweigh the expected value. Historically,
      the most common errors in usage included the widespread use of antibiotic
      prophylaxis in clean surgical procedures as well as the faulty timing of initial
      administration. Currently, the most common error is the practice of continuing
      the administration of the antibiotic agents beyond the time necessary for maximal
      benefit (greater than 72 hr). In order to administer prophylactic antibiotics
      appropriately in the various clinical settings on the surgical service in which
      this practice has been of proven value, one must be aware of the following
      nuances: (1) the choice of the antibiotic agent should be based on the type of
      organisms usually causing infection; (2) the route of administration must be
      appropriate; (3) the dosage necessary to attain efficacious levels of antibiotic
      in tissue or serum must be appropriate; and (4) the timing of administration
      should offer the maximal benefits without risk of the adverse effects.

PMID- 6372035
TI  - Anaerobic bacterial diseases now and then: where do we go from here?
AB  - Two developments of major importance followed Pasteur's discovery of
      anaerobiosis: Lister revolutionized surgery by recognizing the importance of
      Pasteur's germ theory of disease and by introducing the antiseptic surgical
      method. The day of the anaerobe hunter had dawned. The discovery of many
      anaerobic bacteria linked etiologically to human disease followed, so that by
      1900 most of the pathogenic anaerobes were recognized. The frequent occurrence of
      anaerobic bacterial intoxications, during the two World Wars stimulated the study
      of clostridia, organisms that dominated the study of anaerobes until the 1960s.
      During the next decade the emphasis shifted to the non-spore-forming anaerobes
      due to the work of Finegold in Los Angeles, and Moore and Holdeman in Virginia.
      Their pioneer studies initiated and carried forward the "anaerobe revolution,"
      and exerted an influence that transformed the clinical and microbiologic approach
      to anaerobic bacterial infections in almost every field of medical practice. In
      considering the question, "Where do we go from here?" the author discusses some
      aspects of anaerobic infections that remain areas of debate or provide pathways
      for future exploration. Reference is made to the acceptable "anaerobic specimen,"
      and to the problem of "mixed infections." Pseudomembranous colitis is noted and
      the role of anaerobes in tonsillitis and pharyngitis, bronchitis, and nonspecific
      vaginitis (vaginosis) is discussed.

PMID- 6372036
TI  - Interactions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes with anaerobic bacteria.
AB  - The interactions of anaerobic bacteria with polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)
      are reviewed. Anaerobes, including species of Propionibacterium, Fusobacterium,
      and Bacteroides, produce serum-independent chemotactic factors capable of
      attracting PMNs. In addition, these bacteria produce chemoattractants by
      complement activation and possibly by interaction with host lipids. Bacteroides
      species are optimally phagocytosed by PMNs when opsonized by both immunoglobulin
      and complement although the latter appears to provide the critical opsonin. As is
      the case with several aerobic bacteria, the polysaccharide capsule of Bacteroides
      fragilis interferes with PMN phagocytosis and antibody to the capsule partially
      overcomes this virulence property. The presence of Bacteroides species may also
      inhibit PMN phagocytosis and killing of aerobic gramnegative bacteria either by
      competing for limited opsonins or by decreasing intracellular killing.
      Bactericidal activity of PMNs against anaerobes appears to proceed primarily
      through oxygen-independent mechanisms, although the relevant microbicidal
      components have not been identified. Some antibiotics with activity against
      anaerobic bacteria penetrate PMNs, and antibiotic pretreatment of B. fragilis,
      with levels below the minimal inhibitory concentration, facilitates PMN
      phagocytosis of these organisms.

PMID- 6372037
TI  - Specimen collection and transport, anaerobic culture techniques, and
      identification of anaerobes.
AB  - Excellent progress has been made in recent years in the development and
      refinement of technical materials used for transporting specimens and growing and
      identifying anaerobes. Several good systems for maintaining swabs and vials for
      transporting liquid specimens are commercially available. Anaerobic bags are
      useful for transporting unusual specimens, such as tissue or bone, and are also a
      convenient way to incubate small numbers of plates. Several different types of
      anaerobic chambers, with or without gloves, and separately enclosed incubators
      are being used by an increasing number of laboratories. Prereduced anaerobically
      sterilized plates and biochemicals in tubes are available from several commercial
      sources. A new rapid identification microsystem based on tests for performed
      enzymes permits identification of many clinically significant anaerobes to the
      species level in 4 hr.

PMID- 6372038
TI  - Recovery of anaerobic bacteria from vented blood-culture bottles.
AB  - From January 1979, to July 1981, blood from each patient suspected of having
      bacteremia was collected in two bottles of commercially prepared tryptic soy
      broth; one bottle was vented for 24 hr to the atmosphere. Bottles were incubated
      at 37 degrees C for a maximum of seven days and were examined daily for signs of
      growth. Blind subcultures onto chocolate-agar plates were performed 18-24 hr
      after collection and again at 48 hr. For 63,106 bottles inoculated, a total of
      4,788 strains were isolated, for a rate of 6.4% (excluding contaminants). Two
      hundred and thirty (4.8%) isolates were anaerobes, of which 75 (33%) were
      identified as Bacteroides fragilis. It is significant that 20 of these anaerobic
      isolates (approximately 9%) were recovered only from the vented bottles. These
      included eight strains of B. fragilis; three strains of Clostridium perfringens;
      and one strain each of Bacteroides distasonis, Fusobacterium nucleatum,
      Peptococcus saccharolyticus, and Eubacterium species. These results emphasize the
      need to check vented bottles for anaerobes, since significant numbers of these
      bacteria could be missed by failing to do so. These data further show the
      desirability of holding anaerobic blood cultures for a minimum of one week.

PMID- 6372039
TI  - Anaerobes as normal oral flora.
AB  - The human mouth provides a suitable habitat for numerous bacterial genera.
      Anaerobic genera or genera that include anaerobic members found in the oral
      cavity are Actinomyces, Arachnia, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium,
      Fusobacterium, Lactobacillus, Leptotrichia, Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus,
      Propionibacterium, Selenomonas, Treponema, and Veillonella. The incidence of
      anaerobes varies with age of the individual and with specific sites sampled. In
      edentulous infants, the incidence of anaerobes is relatively low. In adults,
      anaerobes are invariably present but are more prevalent in samples from the
      gingival sulcus than they are in samples from the gingival margin, tooth
      surfaces, buccal mucosa, tongue, or saliva. In samples from the healthy gingival
      sulcus, anaerobic, gram-positive bacilli are found in the range of 5%-14%; gram
      negative bacilli in the range of 13%-29%; Veillonella in the range of 2%-8%; and
      gram-positive cocci in the range of 1%-15% of the cultivable flora. From marginal
      plaque and plaque from the tooth surface, gram-positive bacilli, gram-positive
      cocci, and Veillonella appear to be the predominant anaerobes. In saliva,
      Veillonella are the most numerous anaerobes.

PMID- 6372040
TI  - Interactions among microorganisms of the indigenous intestinal flora and their
      influence on the host.
AB  - The animal host and its intestinal microbial flora function together as a complex
      ecologic system in which there is a significant impact of the intestinal flora on
      the host as well as of components of the microbial flora on one another. Aerobic
      and anaerobic bacteria of the intestinal flora influence numerous anatomic,
      physiologic, and immunologic parameters of the host. Constituents of the
      indigenous intestinal flora also engage in a multitude of antagonistic and
      cooperative interactions. The normal bacterial intestinal flora represents an
      extremely important defense mechanism, which effectively interferes with the
      establishment of many important enteric pathogens. Mechanisms by which
      microorganisms suppress the growth of other microorganisms include modification
      of bile acids, stimulation of peristalsis, induction of immunologic responses,
      depletion of essential substrates from the environment, competition for
      attachment sites, creation of restrictive physiologic environments, and
      elaboration of antibiotic-like substances. Components of the intestinal microbial
      flora also interact synergistically in the induction of disease or the
      utilization of substrate.

PMID- 6372041
TI  - Jejunoileal bypass: change in the flora of the small intestine and its clinical
      impact.
AB  - Among the complications of jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity are proctitis,
      bypass enteritis, liver disease, dermatitis, and arthritis, all of which are
      thought to be connected with the intestinal microflora. Quantitative cultures
      from the small bowel of patients before the establishment of the bypass and from
      patients with reoperations indicate colonization of both the functioning small
      bowel (bacterial counts, 10(5.0)-10(7.6)/ml) and of the bypassed loop (bacterial
      counts, 10(6.4)-10(9.7)/ml). Experiments in animals have shown that the presence
      of a bypassed loop, as compared with that of a resected bowel, is necessary for
      increased weight loss and for the development of liver disease. Clinical evidence
      for the impact of the intestinal microflora is based on the beneficial effect of
      antimicrobial agents, especially metronidazole, and on the demonstration of
      immunologic phenomena involving antigens of bacterial origin. Complications of
      jejunoileal bypass may serve to elucidate the pathogenesis of other diseases.

PMID- 6372042
TI  - Use of a model of intraabdominal sepsis for studies of the pathogenicity of
      Bacteroides fragilis.
AB  - Over the past eight years, a Wistar rat model for intraabdominal sepsis has been
      developed and used to document the role of obligate anaerobes in this infections.
      The ability of Bacteroides fragilis alone to provoke abscesses in this model
      system is due to a species-specific capsular polysaccharide. It has been shown
      that active immunization of rats with capsular polysaccharide of B. fragilis
      protects these animals against the development of abscesses after intraperitoneal
      challenge with this species. Passive transfer of hyperimmune globulin provided
      protection against B. fragilis bacteremia in nonimmune, challenged animals but
      did not confer protection against abscess development. Adoptive transfer of
      spleen cells from immunized to nonimmunized animals resulted in protection
      against abscess following challenge with B. fragilis, a finding suggesting that a
      T cell-dependent immune response was involved in protection. It has also been
      shown that inbred, congenitally athymic OLA/Rnu rats that were actively immunized
      developed abscesses despite the presence of capsular antibody, as did 100% of
      unimmunized athymic control rats. However, no phenotypically normal, littermate
      control rats that were actively immunized developed abscesses. These data suggest
      that a T cell-dependent immune response is an important part of immunity to B.
      fragilis. Additional experiments are being performed to better define the
      immunologic and chemical basis for the protection afforded by immunization.

PMID- 6372044
TI  - [The argument in favor of indirect bonding of attachments].

PMID- 6372043
TI  - A rat model of unilateral utero-tubo-ovarian abscess.
AB  - Unilateral (utero-tubo-ovarian) abscesses were produced in rats with Bacteroides
      fragilis in pure culture. One horn of the rat's bicornuate uterus was ligated,
      and the inoculum of B. fragilis was placed in the uterine horn above the point of
      ligation. The 50% infecting dose (ID50) of B. fragilis was approximately 10(5)
      colony forming units (cfu). When harvested the abscesses contained up to 10(8)
      cfu of B. fragilis in pure culture as well as many white blood cells. Abscesses
      were 2-3 cm in length and contained 0.5-1.5 ml of purulent material. The
      oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) of the abscesses ranged from -230 to -323
      millivolts. Abscess formation was comparable in all four phases of the estrous
      cycle. In rats treated with depoestradiol (to create a high-estrogen state), the
      rate of growth and size of the abscesses (3-5 cm in length and 2-3 ml of purulent
      material) were greater than in untreated rats.

PMID- 6372045
TI  - [Cemented splints for expansion].

PMID- 6372046
TI  - [Obstruction of the peripheral airways : clinical aspects, radiological picture,
      therapeutic impact].
AB  - Peripheral airways obstruction (PAO) is a pathophysiologic syndrome combining
      normal values of the usual tests (one-second forced expiratory volume, airway
      resistance) and abnormalities of "sensitive" tests (dynamic compliance, closing
      volume, forced expiratory flows, response to helium-oxygen mixtures). Clinical
      data are scarce, and the radiological aspects nonspecific. The natural history of
      the PAO is not fully understood. Therapeutic measures could be useful, but their
      efficacy was not yet systematically evaluated. From the theoretic point of view,
      the notion of bronchiolar obstruction is important in as much as it represents
      the initial phase of any obstructive process. In practice, the detection of a PAO
      identifies the "at risk" subject allowing the application of efficient preventive
      measures.

PMID- 6372047
TI  - [The amiodarone lung].
AB  - During the past 3 years, 51 cases of pulmonary lesions associated with the use of
      amiodarone, an effective anti-arrhythmic and anti-angina drug, have been reported
      in 17 publications. Durations of treatment, daily doses and total dosage were
      extremely varied. Clinical symptoms as well as radiological findings, respiratory
      function studies and laboratory data suggested hypersensitivity pneumonia.
      However, the histopathological substrate remains ill-defined, and while some data
      suggest a toxic effect, others are in favour of an immune reaction ending in
      diffuse pulmonary fibrosis. Five of the 11 deaths reported seem to be directly
      related to the drug. It would appear that long-term treatment with amiodarone
      requires regular periodical examination of the respiratory system.

PMID- 6372048
TI  - [Pulmonary veins in normal and pathologic states].
AB  - The pulmonary veins are rarely the subject of an autonomous and complete study.
      In fact they have given rise to very few works in comparison with the
      neighbouring structures and their pathology seems to be rare and heterogeneous.
      The present article deals with the fundamental points about the normal pulmonary
      veins and the different aspects of their pathology.

PMID- 6372049
TI  - [Staphylococcal protein A in microbiology laboratory practice (I)].

PMID- 6372050
TI  - [Measles virus--antigenic structure].

PMID- 6372052
TI  - [Identification of bacteria by the China ink immuno-reaction, a widely accessible
      procedure].

PMID- 6372053
TI  - [Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)].

PMID- 6372051
TI  - [Experimental study of some bacterial immunomodulators in murine infection
      induced with Klebsiella pneumoniae].

PMID- 6372054
TI  - [Infectious diseases. Specimen collection for diagnosis].

PMID- 6372055
TI  - [Mental patients in pre-Columbian America].

PMID- 6372056
TI  - If your patient gets a bone marrow transplant.

PMID- 6372057
TI  - [Acid gastric proteinases].

PMID- 6372058
TI  - [Medical students and their fight for a Czech university and and medical school.
      II. Czech Medical Student Association and its role in the fight for a Czech
      medical school].

PMID- 6372059
TI  - Plasma and urine fibronectin concentration in kidney-transplanted patients.
AB  - Plasma and urine fibronectin concentration was determined by electroimmunoassay
      and ELISA-method in patients who received renal transplantation. The plasma
      fibronectin concentration decreased both after the transplantation, in relation
      to the acute rejection of the graft, and in the relation to immunosuppressive
      therapy. Urine fibronectin excretion increased in relation to the kidney
      transplantation and acute rejection of the graft. In association with improved
      kidney function, the urine fibronectin excretion decreased. It is suggested that
      it might be of clinical importance to determine the excretion of fibronectin into
      the urine in patients undergoing kidney transplantation.

PMID- 6372060
TI  - Degradation in vivo of the C3 protein of guinea-pig complement by a pathogenic
      strain of Bacteroides gingivalis.
AB  - The pathogenicity of five black-pigmented strains of Bacteroides was tested in
      subcutaneously implanted Teflon cages in guinea pigs. The tissue reaction around
      the cages was registered and the contents of the fluid of the cages were
      analyzed. Two strains of B. intermedius produced a localized abscess around the
      cages, while one strain (381) of B. gingivalis and an asaccharolytic strain
      (BN11a-f) different from B. gingivalis did not induce any signs of abscess
      formation. One strain (W83) of B. gingivalis caused extensive purulent breakdown
      of the tissues. When the inoculum of strain W83 contained more than 10(9) cells,
      the animals were killed. Strain W83 was the only strain that increased in number
      in the cage. The fluid of cages inoculated with strain W83 was also remarkably
      different from the fluid of cages inoculated with the other strains. The fluid
      had a high proteolytic activity. No C3 protein of complement and only traces of
      immunoglobulins could be detected in the fluid. Both strain W83 and strain 381
      had a high proteolytic activity against whole guinea-pig serum and when bacteria
      of these two strains were incubated with guinea-pig serum for 24 h, almost all
      serum proteins, including the C3 protein, were degraded. These two strains might
      thus have similar capacity in perturbing the host defence when inoculated into
      the tissue cages. The actual difference in pathogenicity between the strains
      might be explained by a recent finding that the pathogenic strain W83, but not
      strain 381, requires complement in activating polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The
      degradation of the C3 protein by the pathogenic strain W83 of B. gingivalis thus
      may be the crucial event in its perturbation of the host defence. A degradation
      of the C3 protein by strain 381 would be of no help in eluding the host defence,
      since this strain activates polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the absence of
      complement.

PMID- 6372061
TI  - Increased IgA levels in saliva during pregnancy.
AB  - The level of IgA in saliva of pregnant and non-pregnant women was measured.
      Stimulated whole saliva was collected from pregnant women. Also included was a
      group of menstruating women from whom saliva was collected in springtime as well
      as in autumn in each phase of the menstrual cycle. There was a marked increase in
      the IgA level in saliva of the pregnant women. The IgA level was especially high
      during late pregnancy and postpartum. No significant differences in IgA were
      found between the three phases of the menstrual cycle.

PMID- 6372062
TI  - Slide-scoring method for estimation of Streptococcus mutans levels in saliva.
AB  - A method was developed to facilitate the estimation of S. mutans levels in
      saliva. Paraffin-stimulated saliva was poured on a special slide coated with
      mitis-salivarius-sucrose agar. Two discs containing bacitracin (5 micrograms)
      were placed on the inoculated slide and the growth density of S. mutans around
      the bacitracin discs was scored after incubation in candle jars at 37 degrees C
      for 48 h. The obtained score values correlated well with the numbers of CFU of S.
      mutans per 1 ml of saliva estimated by a conventional method using mitis
      salivarius-bacitracin agar. The experimental method was further tested by
      incubating the slides in an atmosphere created by CO2-generating tables that were
      placed into the cover tubes of the slides. These score values were similar to
      those after conventional incubation. The method is suggested for epidemiologic
      studies and in selecting persons at high risk for caries and in controlling the
      effectiveness of prophylactic measures of these patients.

PMID- 6372063
TI  - Marginal porosity of light activated composites in relation to use of
      intermediate low-viscous resins.
AB  - The marginal porosity of four light activated restoratives (Command, Durafill,
      Prismafill and Silux) was investigated in extracted human teeth. It was found
      that the use of a low-viscous resin prior to application of the restorative
      materials significantly reduced the marginal porosity in both acid etched enamel
      cavities and EDTA-cleaned dentin cavities.

PMID- 6372064
TI  - Sucrase and maltase activities in supragingival dental plaque in humans of
      streptococcal, actinomyces and lactobacilli species.
AB  - 20 reference strains and 72 isolated strains from dental plaque of streptococci,
      actinomyces, and lactobacilli species were examined for sucrase and maltase
      activities. The type of sucrase in the different strains was determined by use of
      the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose. The enzyme activities were determined
      as formation of monosaccharide, and quantitated spectrophotometrically. Although
      variations occurred in enzyme activities between reference and isolated strains,
      the same general pattern was noticed. Strains of Streptococcus mutans and S.
      salivarius showed regularly the highest sucrase activities, followed by strains
      of Actinomyces viscosus and A. naeslundii. Most lactobacilli belonged to the
      bacteria with low sucrase activity like S. sanguis and S. mitior. In some
      lactobacilli strains, however, a high sucrase activity was observed. The level of
      sucrase activity in S. mutans strains was dependent on biotype/serotype, as
      strains of biotype V/serotype e showed high activities, biotypes I and IV
      corresponding to serotypes c, f, and d showed intermediate activity, and biotype
      III/serotype a always showed low activity. In most of the strains the sucrases
      were composed of enzymes with specificity against both alpha-glucosidic linkage
      and beta-fructosidic linkage of the sucrose molecule, but in varying ratios. In
      all species, exept S. sanguis and S. mitior, lower maltase than sucrase activity
      was observed, but even in the two species mentioned the maltase activities were
      relatively low. On the basis of observations of selected reference strains in
      every species examined both sucrases and maltases are to some extent inducible.

PMID- 6372065
TI  - Efficacy of trimipramine and cimetidine in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. A
      double-blind comparison.
AB  - One hundred and fourteen consecutive outpatients with endoscopically proven
      duodenal ulcers were allocated in a double-blind study to treatment with either
      trimipramine (Surmontil), 50 mg at bedtime, or cimetidine (Tagamet), 200 + 200 +
      200 + 400 mg/day, using identical-appearing active and placebo tablets to fill in
      the treatment scheme. One hundred and eight patients completed the study. Ulcer
      healing was assessed by endoscopy at 3, 6, and 9 weeks. Clinical symptoms and
      antacid consumption were recorded by means of interviews and a diary card system.
      The cumulated healing rate with cimetidine and trimipramine, respectively, was at
      3 weeks 64% versus 40% (p less than 0.05), at 6 weeks 89% versus 65% (p less than
      0.05), and 9 weeks 91% versus 78% (n.s.). We found no significant differences
      between the two groups with regard to pain relief, antacid consumption, or
      general symptomatic improvement.

PMID- 6372066
TI  - Comparative study of cimetidine and trimipramine in the short-term treatment of
      duodenal and gastric ulcer.
AB  - Sixty-nine outpatients with endoscopically confirmed duodenal and prepyloric (DU)
      or gastric ulcers (GU) completed a 4-week double-blind trial with either
      cimetidine, 1 g/day, or trimipramine, 50 mg/day. Ulcer healing was assessed by
      endoscopy at 4 weeks. At the end of the study 14 of 23 patients with DU treated
      with cimetidine and 13 of 25 treated with trimipramine had healed ulcers. In the
      patients with GU 7 of 11 ulcers (cimetidine) and 4 of 10 (trimipramine) healed.
      The differences in healing rates between the two treatment groups were not
      statistically significant, either in DU and GU groups separately or in the total
      material. The number of pain attacks per week decreased and the symptoms improved
      significantly in both treatment groups in DU, GU, and totally. Both drugs were
      well tolerated, but two patients in each treatment group developed a slight
      increase in serum transaminases. No serious side effects occurred. The study
      suggests trimipramine as an alternative drug to the well-established drug
      cimetidine in the treatment of duodenal and possibly also of gastric ulcer.

PMID- 6372067
TI  - Gut hormone profile and gastric emptying in the dumping syndrome. A hypothesis
      concerning the pathogenesis.
AB  - Insulin, enteroglucagon, neurotensin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), and
      motilin have been measured in plasma during an oral glucose test in 76 patients
      before or after different upper gastrointestinal operations for peptic
      ulceration. The patients were divided into three clinical groups in accordance
      with their spontaneous symptoms of dumping after ordinary meals: 26 postoperative
      patients into a dumping group, 30 postoperative patients into a non-dumping
      group, and 20 preoperative patients into a reference group. The fasting values of
      the five hormones were similar in the operated and non-operated groups. Insulin,
      enteroglucagon, neurotensin, and GIP rose significantly in all patients. The
      increment of insulin, enteroglucagon, and neurotensin was greater in the
      postoperative patients with dumping symptoms than in the postoperative and
      preoperative patients without dumping symptoms. All the patients had a small
      decrement of motilin. The resulting hypothesis is that an impaired neural control
      of the gastric emptying is the essential aetiological factor in the dumping
      syndrome. The excessively rapid delivery of the meal into the jejunum is the
      abnormal stimulus to the exaggerated hormone release. The response of the small
      intestine with regard to the hormone release is considered proportionate to the
      given stimulus. The abrupt fall in circulating blood volume is suggested to play
      a role in producing the polymorphic symptoms. Neurotensin and GIP cannot be
      excluded from being the factors arresting the rapid gastric emptying in patients
      whose neural control has been impaired after gastric surgery.

PMID- 6372068
TI  - The specificity of wheat protein reactivity in coeliac disease.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of seven wheat protein
      fractions on the cell-mediated immune response of coeliac patients and normal
      individuals, by means of the leukocyte migration inhibition factor (LMIF) assay.
      Two preparations of milk protein were used as control antigens. Whereas milk
      protein had no effect on the release of LMIF by cells from either normal or
      coeliac patients, wheat protein preparations stimulated two types of response. A
      non-specific reaction was elicited from both coeliac and normal cells by crude
      preparations such as gliadin and Frazer's fraction III (an enzyme digest of
      gluten), whereas purified fractions (alpha gliadin and alpha-pel) stimulated a
      specific response from the cells of coeliac patients only. These results suggest
      that only a pure wheat protein preparation such as alpha gliadin or alpha-pel is
      of value in studying immunological parameters in coeliac disease.

PMID- 6372069
TI  - Treatment of unresectable pancreatic carcinoma with 5-fluorouracil, vincristine,
      and CCNU.
AB  - Forty-seven patients with unoperable pancreatic cancer were included in a
      controlled, prospective study of combination chemotherapy. Twenty-five of the
      patients were allocated to cyclic treatment with 5-fluorouracil, CCNU, and
      vincristine in accordance with a special schedule. The other 22 patients served
      as untreated controls. There were no differences between the two groups with
      regard to survival time or quality of life. Side effects of the drugs given were
      common in the treatment group.

PMID- 6372070
TI  - Intestinal bypass. Bacteriological studies from different parts of the small
      intestine in rats.
AB  - Forty-five rats were divided into four groups according to type of operation: 1)
      end-to-side jejunoileal bypass (ES), 10 rats; 2) end-to-end jejunoileal bypass
      (EE), 10 rats; 3) jejunoileal resection (R), 10 rats; and 4) no operation, 15
      rats. The luminal contents from the proximal jejunum and distal ileum, in groups
      1 and 2 also from the proximal and distal part of the excluded small intestine,
      were examined bacteriologically 5-11 months after operation. The total number of
      aerobic and anaerobic microbes in the jejunum was equal in all groups. The number
      of aerobic bacteria in the ileum was significantly higher in the ES group than in
      the R and U groups. The number of bacteria capable of producing gas in glucose
      supplemented media was increased both in the jejunum and ileum after ES bypass.
      Enterobacteriaceae and Bacteroides were commonly present in the ileum after both
      types of bypass but were not cultured in jejunal contents. The proximal part of
      the excluded intestinal segment in groups 1 and 2 contained very low numbers of
      microbes, whereas the flora of its distal part was similar to that of the ileum
      in continuity in group 1. Thus, the most marked changes of the intestinal flora
      occurred after ES bypass in the region of the anastomosis and distal to this.

PMID- 6372071
TI  - Effect of enkephalin and naloxone on vagal and hormonal stimulation of pancreatic
      secretion in man.
AB  - Pancreatic secretory responses to modified sham-feeding (MSF) and secretin (1
      U/kg-h) infusion were examined in eight healthy subjects with and without
      administration of the stable enkephalin analogue (Ala-Enk) and/or naloxone. MSF
      produced a clear increase in pancreatic protein output, reaching about 45% of
      caerulein (0.5 microgram/kg-h) maximal output. This response was significantly
      reduced by Ala-enk (20 micrograms/kg-h) but was not affected by naloxone (40
      micrograms/kg-h). Ala-Enk given during a well-sustained plateau of pancreatic
      response to secretin also significantly suppressed both bicarbonate and protein;
      the effect was not influenced by the addition of naloxone. Naloxone alone without
      Ala-Enk did not affect basal or stimulated pancreatic secretion. We conclude that
      enkephalin inhibits pancreatic secretion induced by vagal or secretin
      stimulation, and this inhibition does not seem to be mediated by opiate receptors
      of the mu type, since naloxone was ineffective in the prevention of this effect.

PMID- 6372072
TI  - Factors regulating sodium balance in proctocolectomized patients with various
      ileal resections.
AB  - Patients subjected to proctocolectomy together with an ileal resection will lose
      increased amounts of sodium with the ileostomy excreta and may develop sodium and
      water depletion. Studies of sodium balance and measurements of renin activity,
      aldosterone, and arginine vasopressin in plasma were made in 23 such patients, 8
      of them under metabolic-ward conditions while receiving various salt loads. Salt
      loss never resulted in subnormal sodium levels in serum. The earliest sign of
      salt depletion was a nearly total inhibition of renal sodium excretion, which
      could precede activation of the renin-aldosterone axis in these patients.
      Secretion of vasopressin remained unaffected by sodium-water depletion and by
      activation of the renin system. The routine monitoring of these patients should
      include measurements of renal sodium excretion. Measurement of renin and
      aldosterone levels should be used for evaluation of the severity of a sodium
      deficiency.

PMID- 6372073
TI  - A double-blind study of trimipramine in the treatment of active duodenal
      ulceration.
AB  - Thirty-six patients with endoscopically proven active duodenal ulcers entered a
      randomized double-blind trial. Five patients were excluded or lost to follow-up.
      Fifteen patients received 50 mg trimipramine at night and 16 patients received
      placebo. Endoscopy at 4 weeks showed ulcer healing in 11 patients (73%) receiving
      trimipramine and in 6 patients (38%) receiving placebo. Three patients were
      withdrawn at this stage, and the remainder were followed up for a further 4 weeks
      while receiving antacids only for symptomatic relief. At final endoscopy after 8
      weeks, no further healing had occurred in the trimipramine group, whereas one
      further patient in the placebo group showed ulcer healing. The frequency and
      severity of night pain and waking were reduced and antacid consumption was lower
      int he trimipramine group, but initial drowsiness was greater. Trimipramine
      appears to be of some value in the treatment of duodenal ulceration.

PMID- 6372074
TI  - Different response of gastric inhibitory polypeptide to glucose and fat from
      duodenum and jejunum.
AB  - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), insulin, and blood glucose after ingestion
      of glucose or fat were examined in patients after gastrectomy with
      esophagojejunostomy or esophagoduodenostomy. After a glucose load patients
      without duodenal passage had significantly higher glucose and significantly
      smaller insulin levels than patients with duodenal passage. The fasting levels of
      serum immunoreactive GIP were moderately elevated and reached significantly
      higher levels after oral glucose ingestion in both gastrectomized groups as
      compared with normal subjects. In patients with preserved duodenal passage serum
      IR-GIP levels peaked earlier and were significantly higher than in patients
      without duodenal passage. In contrast to the finding after oral glucose
      ingestion, the IR-GIP response to an oral fat load was nearly twofold greater in
      patients without duodenal passage than in patients with duodenal continence.
      Thus, glucose-induced GIP release is mainly of duodenal and fat-induced GIP
      release mainly of jejunal origin. This suggests the existence of two types of GIP
      cells.

PMID- 6372075
TI  - The normal cultivable microflora in upper jejunal fluid in healthy adults.
AB  - Bacteriological studies of uncontaminated upper jejunal fluid were performed in
      85 normal subjects. Fifty-three per cent of the samples were sterile (less than
      10(1) CFU/ml). In 10% of the cases the total number of microorganisms exceeded
      10(5) CFU/ml. The main groups of microorganisms isolated were Streptococcus sp
      ('Viridans group'), Lactobacillus sp., Veillonella parvula, Actinomyces sp.,
      Haemophilus sp., Corynebacterium sp., and Candida albicans, each found in more
      than 10% of the subjects. Only the Streptococcus sp. exceeded 10(5) CFU/ml, and
      enterobacteria were found in 5% of the subjects, the number not exceeding 10(3)
      CFU/ml. No other typical members of the lower gastrointestinal tract were
      isolated. The number of subjects harbouring bacteria and the distribution of
      bacterial species were the same in both sexes and in different age groups.

PMID- 6372076
TI  - Activation pathways of the coagulation system in normal haemostasis.

PMID- 6372077
TI  - On the energy cost of achieving mobility.

PMID- 6372078
TI  - Physical training in the prophylaxis and treatment of obesity, hypertension and
      diabetes.
AB  - The results of physical training in 600 obese and 100 diabetic patients are
      described and discussed. Three months of physical training (55 min 3 times/week)
      without dietary restriction did not result in any change in body weight and
      composition either in obese or diabetic female patients. However, the male
      patients remained their body weight unchanged and body fat decreased and lean
      body mass increased after training. The combination of exercise with a very low
      calorie diet in obese women neither prevents the erosion of lean body mass nor
      the diet-induced decrease in oxygen uptake. Local exercise could not evoke a
      local decrease in the thickness of adipose tissue. The addition of physical
      training to the low calorie diet leads to better social and psychological
      compliance and a more equal distribution of adipose tissue. A close relationship
      has been found between the muscle morphology and glucose metabolism in obese
      patients. Insulin concentration appeared to be positively correlated to the
      percentage of FTb fibers and inversely correlated to the capillary density. The
      decrease in the percentage of FTb muscle fibers and the increase in the number of
      capillaries were correlated to the decrease in plasma insulin levels. The
      capillary density appeared to be reduced with decreasing degrees of glucose
      tolerance. In patients with diabetes type I it was found diminished so much that
      the diffusion distance in muscle increased after training. The most interesting
      results related to glucose metabolism were found otherwise as follows: The sum of
      insulin (276.4 +/- 20.1 before and 255.1 +/- 19.0 after p less than 0.05) and
      glucose levels (but not fasting values) decreased (28.3 +/- 1.6 before and 27.8
      +/- 1.4 after p less than 0.01) after training in obesity. In obese and diabetic
      patients with initially high insulin values physical training resulted in a
      decrease in insulin level, while in those patients with initially low values it
      resulted in an increase. As judged from the insulin C-peptide ratio, patients who
      decreased their insulin levels after training increased their liver uptake of
      insulin. The increased hepatic extraction of insulin without the decrease of
      insulin production was also noted in patients with diabetes type II. After
      training both obese patients and those with diabetes I and II increased their
      glucose metabolism (disposal rate) during insulin euglycemic clamp. Patients with
      diabetes type II showed initially lower basal and insulin-stimulated glucose
      incorporation into triglycerides.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6372079
TI  - Homage to Olle Hook.

PMID- 6372080
TI  - Gold in rheumatoid arthritis therapy today. Early treatment.

PMID- 6372082
TI  - Radiological assessment.
AB  - The criteria for an ideal radiological assessment system for rheumatoid arthritis
      (RA) were considered and an historical review made of existing systems. In
      response to their relative shortcomings a new points system is proposed in which
      several parameters for joint changes may be measured either separately or
      together. This would allow far greater sensitivity, reproducibility and
      comparativity , particularly in clinical trials.

PMID- 6372081
TI  - Gold in rheumatoid arthritis therapy today. Late or never?

PMID- 6372083
TI  - Pathophysiological assessment--granulocytes.

PMID- 6372085
TI  - Superior vena cava obstruction after Mustard repair of d-transposition of the
      great arteries.
AB  - Superior vena caval obstruction following Mustard repair of d-transposition of
      the great arteries is usually relieved by partial or complete revision of the
      intra-atrial repair. We employed a different approach in a patient with isolated
      total obstruction of the superior vena caval pathway, who suffered from fatigue,
      venous congestion in the upper part of the body and mild hydrocephalus. A 12 mm
      polytetrafluoroethylene tube was interposed between the left innominate vein and
      the left (functionally right) atrial appendage. Early and medium-term relief was
      demonstrated by repeat catheterization of the right heart and computed tomography
      brain scan three months postoperatively. The rationale for use of prosthetic
      material in the venous system is discussed and the need for long-term follow-up
      is stressed.

PMID- 6372084
TI  - Naproxen suppositories in postoperative pain and swelling after joint surgery. A
      comparative, double-blind study.
AB  - Altogether 105 rheumatic patients, 35 in each of three groups, took part in a
      double-blind parallel study comparing naproxen (Naprosyn, Syntex) 500 mg
      suppositories with oxyphenbutazone (Tanderil, Geigy) 250 mg suppositories and
      placebo in postoperative pain and swelling after joint surgery. Medication was
      administered twice daily for 3 1/2 days, starting the night before operation.
      Ketogan (Ketobemidonhydrochloride, 3 dimethylamino-1-diphenylbuten-(1)
      hydrochloride) injections and Paralgin Forte (Paracetamol, codein phosphate)
      tablets were allowed as escape medication. Each day clinical assessments
      including pain-score, oedema-score and circumference of operated joint were
      performed and amount of escape medication recorded. A physical test was performed
      on day seven after operation. No statistically significant difference between
      groups was observed for most parameters. In general the tendency for all
      parameters seems to favour naproxen. For pain-score the difference was
      significant (p = 0.02) in arthrodesis/arthroplasty patients day 1 and for need
      for Ketogan injections (p less than 0.001) in all patients day 0. Only two side
      effects were recorded during the study. In the present study no significant
      difference between the groups could be observed for most parameters measured. The
      tendency seems to favour naproxen, but a larger number of patients will be needed
      to investigate whether this observation is of significance.

PMID- 6372086
TI  - [Urinary tract infection in the diabetic patient].
AB  - Diabetic patients are said to be prone to infections. Several studies of
      different host defense mechanisms report defects in individual granulocyte
      functions and cell mediated immunity, especially in patients with poorly
      controlled diabetes. Diabetic females have an increased risk of developing
      urinary tract infections. This high susceptibility is probably due to local risk
      factors such as diabetic cystopathy and vaginitis, the latter being frequently
      associated with glucosuria. Urinary tract infections in diabetic individuals
      often have a complicated course which may be explained by the aforementioned
      compromised host defense mechanisms. Diabetics have an increased risk not only of
      lower, but also of upper urinary tract infections. Urinary tract infections such
      as emphysematous cystitis and pyelonephritis, as well as papillary necrosis as a
      complication of pyelonephritis, are not uncommon in diabetic patients. Rapid
      recognition and management of such complicated urinary tract infections is
      important.

PMID- 6372087
TI  - [Clinico-immunologic tests--state-of-the-art 1983].

PMID- 6372088
TI  - [Resistance patterns of bovine mastitis pathogens in Switzerland].

PMID- 6372089
TI  - Island epidemics.

PMID- 6372090
TI  - Cyclic AMP receptor protein: role in transcription activation.
AB  - The structure of this pleiotropic activator of gene transcription in bacteria and
      its interaction sites at promoter DNA's as well as the role of this protein in
      the RNA polymerase-promoter interactions are reviewed.

PMID- 6372091
TI  - Medical school dean chosen to head FDA.

PMID- 6372093
TI  - Retiring frees NIH "guest" to consult.

PMID- 6372092
TI  - The respiratory sinus arrhythmia: a measure of cardiac age.
AB  - A method developed for quantifying respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) during
      voluntary cardiorespiratory synchronization relies on computer-assisted
      rhythmometric cosinor analysis of instantaneous heart rate data. The RSA was
      present in all subjects tested, even those at advanced ages. The amplitude of the
      RSA falls approximately 10 percent per decade. An individual with a transplanted
      heart and one with severe diabetic neuropathy each had resting RSA values that
      were normal for their ages. The shape and amplitude of the RSA during voluntary
      cardiorespiratory synchronization may reflect the suppleness of the heart and its
      response to rhythmically changing intrathoracic pressure and the subsequent ebb
      and-flow of venous return. Our technology allows objective quantitative
      assessment of the biologic age of the heart and also the effect of any drug,
      disease, or behavior that affects the RSA.

PMID- 6372094
TI  - Mary Lasker enshrined eponymously at NIH.

PMID- 6372095
TI  - Reversal of adriamycin resistance by verapamil in human ovarian cancer.
AB  - The effectiveness of adriamycin in the treatment of ovarian cancer and other
      human tumors has been limited by the development of drug resistance. Verapamil, a
      calcium channel blocking agent, completely reversed adriamycin resistance in
      human ovarian cancer cells with moderate (three- to sixfold) degrees of
      resistance and partially reversed resistance in highly (150-fold) resistant
      cells. The potentiating effect of verapamil was due to inhibition of adriamycin
      efflux in the resistant cells. These results have led to a clinical trial of
      adriamycin and verapamil in refractory ovarian cancer patients.

PMID- 6372096
TI  - Structure and expression of a complementary DNA for the nuclear coded precursor
      of human mitochondrial ornithine transcarbamylase.
AB  - Most mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nucleus and are translated on free
      cytoplasmic ribosomes as larger precursors containing amino-terminal "leader"
      sequences, which are removed after the precursors are taken up by mitochondria.
      We have deduced the complete primary structure of the precursor of a human
      mitochondrial matrix enzyme, ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), from the
      nucleotide sequence of cloned complementary DNA. The amino-terminal leader
      peptide of OTC is 32 amino acids in length and contains four arginines but no
      acidic residues. Cleavage of the leader peptide from the "mature" protein occurs
      between glutamine and asparagine residues. The sequence of mature human OTC
      resembles that of the subunits of both OTC and aspartate transcarbamylase from
      Escherichia coli. The biological activity of the cloned OTC complementary DNA was
      tested by joining it with SV40 (an animal virus) regulatory elements and
      transfecting cultured HeLa cells, which do not normally express OTC. Both the
      precursor and mature forms of the OTC subunit were identified; in stable
      transformants, enzymatic activity was also detected.

PMID- 6372097
TI  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces a yeast substance that exhibits estrogenic
      activity in mammalian systems.
AB  - Partially purified lipid extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae contain a substance
      that displaces tritiated estradiol from rat uterine cytosol estrogen receptors.
      The yeast product induces estrogenic bioresponses in mammalian systems as
      measured by induction of progesterone receptors in cultured MCF-7 human breast
      cancer cells and by a uterotrophic response and progesterone receptor induction
      after administration to ovariectomized mice. The findings raise the possibility
      that bakers' yeast may be a source of environmental estrogens.

PMID- 6372098
TI  - Organ-specific adhesion of metastatic tumor cells in vitro.
AB  - Binding of tumor cells to cryostat sections of host organs was studied. B16-F10
      melanoma cells and reticulum cell sarcoma cells demonstrated an organ specificity
      in their binding in vitro that reflected the organ specificity of their
      metastatic distribution 25 days after intravenous injection. These results
      provide evidence for specific binding of tumor cells to the tissues that they
      selectively colonize in vivo.

PMID- 6372099
TI  - Immune function and dysfunction in AIDS.

PMID- 6372100
TI  - Therapy of Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS.

PMID- 6372101
TI  - [The antagonism of dental plaque flora with special attention to antibacterial
      agents from Bacterionema matruchotii].

PMID- 6372102
TI  - California's cutbacks in public-sector medicine: two-class health care returns to
      the United States?

PMID- 6372103
TI  - Approaches to the measurement of explanation and information-giving in medical
      consultations: a review of empirical studies.
AB  - Many 'sociological' and 'medical' reasons for informing and not informing
      patients in medical consultations have been given. This paper reviews and
      evaluates various empirical attempts to support arguments about the relationship
      between information-giving and outcomes. It suggests that more attention has been
      paid to examining the way information is given than to the information itself.
      When information has been examined this has been in relatively 'empiricist' ways,
      ignoring the issue as to how illuminating it might be. The paper concludes both
      that we know very little about the causes and consequences of information
      exchanged in medical consultations and that we are unlikely to do so unless
      different approaches are attempted.

PMID- 6372104
TI  - Rural development strategies and their health and nutrition-mediated effects on
      fertility: a review of the literature.
AB  - In this review of literature sources from several relevant disciplines, the
      author attempts to examine the support for theoretical linkages between rural
      development strategies, on the one hand, and the possible effects of these
      strategies on fertility rates. Nutrition and health status of women and children
      are interposed as intermediate effects. Development strategies are classified
      according to their objectives, whether to promote community participation, to
      increase agricultural production and productivity, to extend services to
      populations or, finally, to raise income. In terms of possible fertility
      outcomes, strategies emphasizing extension of services, especially health and
      nutrition services, are viewed as most effective. Community participation is
      essential but not sufficient for the process. Increasing agricultural production
      and productivity appears to depend for its effectiveness on how equitably
      benefits are distributed, whether food production is increased as part of the
      program, and whether health, nutrition and family planning are specific
      components. Raising income, finally, is effective only if food and services are
      equitably distributed.

PMID- 6372105
TI  - A comparison of existing and alternative competitive bidding systems for indigent
      medical care.
AB  - Competitive bidding is gaining in popularity as a means of containing costs in
      indigent medical care programs. The economic implications of the bidding systems
      employed by Arizona and California are discussed in light of the existing
      literature. Two alternative bidding approaches are proposed for consideration by
      policymakers--the sealed bid 'Vickrey' auction and the 'ascending Dutch' auction.
      While the incentives it contains for providers are not optimal, the ascending
      Dutch auction has the greatest potential for effective implementation since it
      accommodates the realities of public sector budget constraints and political
      pressures for direct control over program expenditures.

PMID- 6372106
TI  - Barton McSwain, MD: an appreciation.

PMID- 6372107
TI  - Secondary bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients with ascites.
AB  - Bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis has a wide variety of clinical
      presentations. We report a group of 21 cirrhotic patients with secondary
      peritonitis from intra-abdominal sources. Seven had infected ascites. All of them
      had unrecognized secondary peritonitis which was diagnosed and treated as
      spontaneous (primary) bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Ascitic fluid analysis yielded
      a mean white blood cell count of 23,750 +/- 10,935/cu mm with 91.5%
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes, significantly higher than patients surveyed with
      SBP, 1,757 +/- 2,154/cu mm (P less than .001). Ascitic fluid protein levels were
      also higher than those typically seen in SBP: 4.4 +/- 1.5 gm/dl vs 0.8 +/- 0.4
      gm/dl (P less than .001). The ascites: serum protein ratio was consistent with an
      exudate in those patients with secondary peritonitis (0.7 +/- 0.2) in contrast to
      typically infected transudate in patients with SBP (0.15 +/- 0.05) (P less than
      .001). Bacteriologic determination was similar: single organisms with Escherichia
      coli the most common. Often the clinical features and ascitic fluid analysis will
      not differentiate spontaneous from secondary peritonitis. It is, therefore,
      clinically prudent to consider secondary bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic
      patients, especially with ascitic fluid WBC counts in excess of 5,000/cu mm and
      protein levels of greater than or equal to 2.5 gm/dl. Noninvasive diagnostic
      procedures should be included to search for sources of intra-abdominal infection.

PMID- 6372108
TI  - Evaluation of parathyroid adenomas by intravenous digital subtraction
      angiography.
AB  - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA) successfully localized three
      previously suspected parathyroid adenomas in the lower part of the neck and one
      in the mediastinum. Our experience suggests that this method may have widespread
      application for preoperative evaluation of parathyroid adenomas, particularly
      after unsuccessful surgical exploration or when recurrent or ectopically located
      adenomas are likely. In three other cases abnormal vascular blushes in the neck
      on intravenous DSA were related to thyroid disease. Close correlation with the
      clinical and laboratory findings is necessary to avoid potential pitfalls in
      diagnosis.

PMID- 6372109
TI  - Should women be admitted to medical school? The issue in the late 19th century.

PMID- 6372110
TI  - Spinal cord compression due to an aspergilloma.
AB  - Aspergilloma is a common complication of cystic lung disease; it is widely
      considered to be a saprophytic colonization and local or disseminated invasion is
      unusual. We describe a patient with stage IV sarcoidosis and bilateral
      aspergillomas in whom locally invasive disease led to spinal cord compression.

PMID- 6372111
TI  - Prolongation of thrombin and reptilase times in patients with amyloidosis and
      acquired factor X deficiency.
AB  - A patient with acquired factor X deficiency due to amyloidosis had a prolonged
      thrombin time. Investigation of this abnormality suggested that an inhibitor of
      thrombin was present. A review of the literature demonstrated that prolonged
      thrombin time or reptilase time was present in many of the patients with acquired
      factor X deficiency due to amyloidosis. We were unable to relate prolongation of
      the thrombin time or reptilase time to the severity of bleeding. We believe that
      determination of thrombin and reptilase times should be part of the coagulation
      profile in all patients with acquired factor X deficiency.

PMID- 6372112
TI  - [Value of noninvasive cardiac function tests in the chronic phase of myocardial
      infarct].

PMID- 6372113
TI  - Interpreting the evidence on social support.

PMID- 6372114
TI  - [Growth of higher medical education in the eastern Soviet republics].

PMID- 6372115
TI  - [60th anniversary of Department of Social Hygiene and Public Health Organization
      of the Kiev Medical Institute].

PMID- 6372116
TI  - [1st hospital of Kamchatka Province (on the 75th anniversary of the Petropavlovsk
      Kamchatka Municipal Hospital No. 1)].

PMID- 6372117
TI  - [Contribution of A. Ia. Krassovskii to the organization of obstetric care in St.
      Petersburg].

PMID- 6372118
TI  - [Incidence and diagnosis of cancer of the large intestine].

PMID- 6372119
TI  - [Surgical treatment of varicose veins of the lower extremities with brief
      hospital stay].

PMID- 6372120
TI  - [Use of low-frequency ultrasound and multicomponent collagen sheets to prevent
      dehiscence of intestinal sutures].

PMID- 6372121
TI  - [History of the development of laser surgery].

PMID- 6372122
TI  - [Changes in the lungs in chronic alcoholism and acute alcoholic intoxication].

PMID- 6372123
TI  - Lumbar nerve root: the enigmatic eponyms.
AB  - Man's quest for recognition has not escaped the physician, whose contributions to
      medicine perpetuate his name in print. It is a final grasp for professional
      immortality, which for men like Imhotep and Hippocrates, has prevailed for
      millennia. This fervor was particularly evident in the latter 19th century, which
      created a flurry of eponyms, often two or more physicians publishing the same
      clinical observation. This article reviews the eponym epidemic as it relates to
      lumbar radiculopathy.

PMID- 6372124
TI  - Pathoanatomy and pathophysiology of nerve root compression.
AB  - The anatomy and physiology of the nerve root complex in the lumbar spine are
      reviewed, with special reference to the effects of mechanical deformation of
      nerve roots in association with intervertebral disc herniation and spinal
      stenosis. Biomechanical aspects of nerve root deformation induced by compression
      are discussed. The functional changes induced by compression can be caused by
      mechanical nerve fiber deformation but also may be a consequence of changes in
      nerve root microcirculation, leading to ischemia and formation of intraneural
      edema. Nerve root compression can, by different neurophysiologic mechanisms,
      induce motor weakness and altered sensibility or pain. Intraneural edema and
      demyelination seem to be critical factors for the production of pain in
      association with nerve root compression.

PMID- 6372125
TI  - [Ecology of dengue and Aedes aegypti. Preliminary study].

PMID- 6372126
TI  - [Dr. Nikola Maksimovic (30 September 1905 - 2 September 1975)].

PMID- 6372127
TI  - [Malignant phase of arterial hypertension (characteristics, diagnosis, therapy)].

PMID- 6372128
TI  - [When should patients with thoracic injuries be operated on?].

PMID- 6372129
TI  - The use of monoclonal antibodies in the immunohistological diagnosis of cerebral
      and spinal tumours.

PMID- 6372130
TI  - Heterotopic cardiac transplantation. A 7-year experience at Groote Schuur
      Hospital, Cape Town.
AB  - Between November 1974 and February 1982 40 patients underwent heterotopic heart
      transplantation at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town. In 4 of these patients
      retransplantation was carried out, bringing the total number of heterotopic heart
      transplant operations to 44. Fourteen patients are alive to date, from 4 months
      to more than 7 years after transplantation. The 1-year survival rate has been
      60%. Three of the first 6 patients in this series have survived for 6 years or
      more, while 6 of the 7 patients who received transplants during 1981 (including 2
      who underwent retransplantation) are alive. Retransplantation of the donor heart,
      donor heart procurement from distant sources using prolonged myocardial
      preservation techniques and the reasons why heterotopic cardiac transplantation
      is more advantageous than other methods are discussed. The surgical technique and
      some modifications introduced since this method was first described in 1975 are
      presented in detail.

PMID- 6372131
TI  - [Ischaemic heart disease as a risk factor for general anaesthesia and surgery].
AB  - The risk of myocardial reinfarction in the patient who has suffered a pre
      operative infarction is well documented. In a literature search, the
      cardiovascular risk implied by either asymptomatic or symptomatic ischaemic heart
      disease (without infarction) to the patient scheduled for anaesthesia and surgery
      appears to be minimal provided that hypotension, hypoxia, tachyarrythmias and
      hypertension are avoided. However, a myocardial ischaemic incident prior to
      surgery seems to warrant the postponement of elective surgical procedures.

PMID- 6372132
TI  - Clinical trial of a milk formula for infants of low birth weight.

PMID- 6372133
TI  - Assessment of a new combination inhaler containing salbutamol and beclomethasone
      dipropionate in the management of asthmatic patients.
AB  - Fifteen patients with chronic asthma completed a double-blind cross-over trial
      during which they were treated with the same daily doses of salbutamol and
      beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) from either a combination inhaler or two
      separate inhalers. Lung function was measured at the end of each treatment period
      and each patient kept a diary card throughout. Daily assessments of patients'
      symptoms and additional medication requirements were similar during both
      treatment periods. Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) recordings taken four times a
      day showed little diurnal variation during both periods. Mean PEFRs for the
      groups during a period of 2 weeks were similar for both treatments at all times.
      Overall daily mean PEFRs showed a trend in favour of the combination inhaler.
      There was a suggestion of greater variability in airway obstruction during the
      period when the separate inhalers were used, as assessed by the number of
      occasions that the PEFR was outside the range (overall daily mean +/- 15%). Lung
      function measurements at the end of each period showed a trend in favour of the
      combination inhaler which was clinically significant in terms of the forced
      expiratory volume in the 1st second and forced vital capacity. The combination
      inhaler provides an alternative in the management of asthma which is at least as
      effective as treatment with salbutamol and BDP from two separate inhalers.

PMID- 6372134
TI  - Differential ethnic standards for lung functions, or one standard for all?
AB  - The multiple regression equation predicting lung function values for a study
      population of South African Blacks is compared with equations predicting normal
      values for Blacks elsewhere, and in almost all cases is found to predict higher
      values. This is so despite the study population's high prevalence of respiratory
      disease and long history of exposure to crocidolite asbestos dust. This anomalous
      finding is explored in terms of some problems with studies generating normal
      values. In particular, the confounding effect of social class status on ethnic
      determinants of lung function is considered. Low 'normal' values for Blacks
      reported from South Africa and elsewhere are examined. The disadvantages to
      workers of being evaluated in relation to low norms are discussed in terms of
      preventive medicine and workmen's compensation. The application of a universal
      standard for all is proposed.

PMID- 6372135
TI  - [Fixed left mandibular bridge with 2 molars missing. Abutment formation with 2
      premolars and a third molar].

PMID- 6372136
TI  - [Practical use of an inclined third molar].

PMID- 6372137
TI  - [4 prosthodontic cases supported by the third molars].

PMID- 6372138
TI  - [Professor Shiro Kinoshita].

PMID- 6372139
TI  - [Miscellaneous records of medico-dental and pharmacological history (50).
      Publication in 1690 (4)].

PMID- 6372140
TI  - [Glass-ionomer cement].

PMID- 6372141
TI  - Congenital brain tumors.
AB  - Two cases of congenital brain tumor present at birth are reported. One patient
      was a baby girl with a huge teratoma measuring 8 X 6 X 5 cm; she died on her
      fourth day of life. The other patient had a large cystic astrocytoma, which was
      successfully removed; the patient is alive and in good health at 2 years of age
      and has no sign of recurrence of the tumor. Each baby had a large head, which
      caused dystocia at delivery. In addition to these two cases, we reviewed 200
      cases of brain tumors reported in the literature presenting or producing symptoms
      or found incidentally at autopsy within 2 months after birth. We analyzed these
      cases in terms of initial symptoms and signs, sex distribution, histologic types
      and sites of tumors, prognosis, associated anomalies, familial occurrence, and
      hemorrhage from the tumor. The results of these analyses are described in detail,
      and the etiology of neonatal brain tumors is discussed.

PMID- 6372142
TI  - Chymopapain--a counter comment.

PMID- 6372143
TI  - Acquired oculomotor synkinesis.
AB  - Paradoxical patterns of pupillary, lid and eye movement may follow oculomotor
      nerve palsy or they can develop spontaneously in patients with no known history
      of oculomotor palsy. The mechanism of this condition, known variously as aberrant
      regeneration of the third nerve, oculomotor misdirection or acquired oculomotor
      synkinesis, is not known, although the prevailing opinion has held that it occurs
      when axons regenerating within an oculomotor nerve become misdirected and
      innervate muscles for which they were not intended. However, there is evidence
      against this hypothesis. The authors critically review the various hypotheses and
      elucidate the controversy concerning the pathogenesis of acquired oculomotor
      synkinesis.

PMID- 6372144
TI  - Ocular history of James Joyce.
AB  - James Joyce , considered by many to be the greatest novelist of the 20th century,
      was plagued by severe eye problems for most of his adult life. The presence of
      iritis, glaucoma and cataracts was complicated by the complexity of his systemic
      medical conditions, his noncompliance with professional advice, and the state of
      the art of ophthalmology during his lifetime.

PMID- 6372145
TI  - Cervical gap formation in class II composite resin restorations.
AB  - In vitro, class II restorations were made in three materials, one regular, one
      microfilled composite and one experimental condensable composite with a porous
      filler. The aim was to study cervical marginal gap widths appearing in composite
      restorations when acid etch technique was used. The gaps were about 35 micron for
      the two contemporary materials and about 10 micron for the experimental one.

PMID- 6372146
TI  - Variation in dental health in 70-year old men and women in Goteborg, Sweden. A
      cross-sectional epidemiological study including longitudinal and cohort effects.
AB  - Within the framework of an epidemiological, initially cross-sectional and
      subsequently longitudinal, population study of 70-year-old people, a
      representative sample of 386 subjects were subjected to odontological
      investigation. Forty six per cent of the men and 55% of the women were edentulous
      in both jaws and 20% of the men and 19% of the women were edentulous in one jaw.
      In dentulous subjects the mean number of teeth was 13.6 (men) and 13.5 (women).
      The tooth mortality rate was higher in the upper than in the lower jaw and higher
      in the lateral segments of the jaws than in the frontal region. The mean number
      of carious teeth was 3.2 for men and 2.4 for women and the mean number of intact
      teeth was 4.8 in men and 3.4 in women (p less than or equal to 0.05). Fifty four
      per cent of remaining teeth had been restored in men and 73% in women (p less
      than or equal to 0.01). Significantly more upper teeth were restored than lower
      teeth. Half of the dentulous subjects had worn their dentures for more than 10
      years and only 14% had satisfactorily functioning dentures and acceptable
      occlusion. Poor retention and poor stability were very common in unsatisfactory
      dentures, more so in the upper than in the lower jaw. The proportion of dentures
      with these faults increased with increasing age of the dentures. The degree of
      dental invalidity was classified according to Eichner's index. This index was
      strongly correlated to the number of teeth and tooth contacts (p less than or
      equal to 0.001). The Eichner index covaried with frequency of visits to the
      dentist and special background factors such as income, education, marital status
      and past and present smoking habits. Married men tended to have a better level of
      dental health than other men (p less than or equal to 0.01), while the reverse
      was true for women. About half of the dentulous subjects were in need of
      prosthetic treatment and slightly less than half of them needed conservative
      dental treatment. Sixty per cent of edentulous subjects needed new dentures. The
      longitudinal comparisons between the ages of 70 and 75 showed small changes in
      dental invalidity. In a new cohort of 70-year-olds examined 5 years later the
      proportion of edentulous was significantly lower than in the first 70-year-old
      cohort.

PMID- 6372147
TI  - [History of tonsils 1953-1983].

PMID- 6372148
TI  - [Glucocorticoids and calcium metabolism regulation].

PMID- 6372149
TI  - [Corticoid-dependent form of bronchial asthma (problems of its clinical aspects,
      pathogenesis and treatment)].

PMID- 6372150
TI  - [Development of therapeutics at Tartu University].

PMID- 6372151
TI  - [Syndromic principle of the etiological diagnosis of infectious lung diseases].

PMID- 6372152
TI  - Measurement of soluble proteins in lung secretions.

PMID- 6372153
TI  - Sir John Floyer's A Treatise of the Asthma (1698).

PMID- 6372155
TI  - Effect of 24 hours of normoglycaemia on tissue-type plasminogen activator plasma
      levels in insulin-dependent diabetes.
AB  - We have previously demonstrated that a short period of normoglycaemia obtained
      through an artificial pancreas in uncontrolled insulin-dependent diabetics
      improves parameters of the functional microangiopathy such as erythrocyte
      deformability and platelet aggregation. Because recently an immunoradiometric
      assay for tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) was developed we measured t-PA
      levels in 18 uncontrolled insulin-dependent diabetics before and after 24 hr of
      normoglycaemia induced by insulin to look for a modification of endothelial cells
      function. After 24 hr of strict control, plasma free insulin levels rose
      significantly, total t-PA R-Ag, its active fibrin binding fraction and euglobulin
      fibrinolytic activity were significantly decreased. These results suggest a
      responsibility for insulin in the decrease in t-PA blood level and could explain
      at least partially the relation between hyperinsulinism, thrombosis and
      atherogenesis.

PMID- 6372154
TI  - Protective effect of vitamin E on immune triggered, granulocyte mediated
      endothelial injury.
AB  - The effect of alfa-tocopherol on the cell-cell interactions at the vessel wall
      were studied, using an in vitro model of human umbilical vein endothelial cell
      cultures (HUEC). Immune triggered granulocytes (PMN) will adhere to and damage
      HUEC and platelets enhance this PMN mediated endothelial injury. When HUEC are
      cultured in the presence of vitamin E, 51Cr-leakage induced by complement
      stimulated PMN is significantly decreased and the enhanced cytotoxicity by
      platelets is completely abolished (p less than 0.001). The inhibition of PMN
      induced endothelial injury is directly correlated to a diminished adherence of
      PMN to vitamin E-cultured HUEC (p less than 0.001), which may be mediated by an
      increase of both basal and stimulated endogenous prostacyclin (PGI2) from alfa
      tocopherol-treated HUEC (p less than 0.025). The vitamin E-effect is abolished by
      incubation of HUEC with the irreversible cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor,
      acetylsalicylic acid, but the addition of exogenous PGI2 could not reproduce the
      vitamin E-mediated effects. We conclude that vitamin E exerts a protective effect
      on immune triggered endothelial damage, partly by increasing the endogenous anti
      oxidant potential, partly by modulating intrinsic endothelial prostaglandin
      production. The failure to reproduce vitamin E-protection by exogenously added
      PGI2 may suggest additional, not yet elucidated vitamin E-effects on endothelial
      metabolism.

PMID- 6372156
TI  - Effects of neutral proteases from human leukocytes on plasma fibronectin.
AB  - Human plasma fibronectin (FN) is not susceptible to collagenase and gelatinase
      from human blood leukocytes. Leukocytic elastolytic protease (ELP) and cathepsin
      G (chymotrypsin-like protease, CLP) degrade FN to similar fragments. Among
      products of proteolysis by ELP and CLP fragments have been identified which bind
      to gelatin-fragment 40 kd, to fibrin-fragments 55 kd and 30 kd, and to heparin
      fragment 30 kd.

PMID- 6372158
TI  - Alterations in buffer K+/Na+ ratio modifies the stimulatory effect of the
      diuretic, cycletanide, upon rat aorta ring prostacyclin synthesis.

PMID- 6372159
TI  - Dr. Max Sosin and the Japanese connection.

PMID- 6372157
TI  - Human platelet activation by bacterial phospholipase C is mediated by
      phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis but not generation of phosphatidic acid:
      inhibition by a selective inhibitor of phospholipase C.
AB  - We have shown earlier that phospholipase C (PLC) from Clostridium perfringens
      causes human platelet aggregation and secretion in a concentration dependent
      manner. The present study was undertaken to further characterize the specificity
      of the effects of PLC and to better understand the mechanism of the action of
      this inducer. A methylene-dioxybenzazepine (MDBA) analog of trimetoquinol was
      synthesized and tested for antiplatelet activity. MDBA (3-30 microM) inhibited
      PLC-induced aggregation in a concentration dependent manner. Whereas up to 200
      microM MDBA did not inhibit aggregation induced by either thrombin, arachidonic
      acid, or U46619. Effects of PLC (0.05 U/ml) on hydrolysis of
      phosphatidylinositol, production of phosphatidic acid and thromboxane B2 (TXB2)
      synthesis were investigated using [32P]-phosphate and [14C]-arachidonic acid
      labeled platelets. PLC (0.05 U/ml) caused a time dependent decrease in platelet
      phosphatidylinositol. Up to 50% of labeled phosphatidylinositol was lost from
      platelets in five minutes. MDBA (3-30 microM) inhibited PLC-induced loss of
      phosphatidylinositol in a concentration dependent manner. An increase in
      phosphatidic acid was also observed in PLC-stimulated platelets. Up to 100 microM
      MDBA did not inhibit production of phosphatidic acid. PLC-treated platelets did
      not produce any TXB2. In other experiments possible protease contamination of PLC
      preparations was tested by incubating PLC (0.03-0.5 U/ml) with [14C]-casein. PLC
      in concentrations up to ten times higher than the concentrations used in
      aggregation studies did not cause hydrolysis of [14C]-casein, whereas more than
      30% of [14C]-casein was hydrolyzed by trypsin. PLC-induced aggregation was not
      inhibited by up to 300 microM adenosine or ATP. In other experiments, platelet
      aggregation by ADP was inhibited by adenosine and ATP in a concentration
      dependent manner. The addition of calcium (0.5- 2.0 mM) increased aggregation by
      PLC in a concentration dependent manner. These findings suggest that PLC-induced
      activation of platelets is: (a) dependent on phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis but
      not on the production of phosphatidic acid, TXB2 or secretion of ADP; (b) not
      caused by protease contaminants; (c) calcium dependent; and (d) MDBA inhibits PLC
      induced aggregation by blocking phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis.

PMID- 6372160
TI  - [Diagnosis of dermatophyte infections. A comparison between direct microscopy and
      culture].

PMID- 6372161
TI  - Islet cell surface antibodies in diabetes and their possible influence on glucose
      tolerance.
AB  - The prevalence of islet cell surface antibodies (ICSA) in patients with insulin
      dependent (IDD), noninsulin-dependent (NIDD) or newly-diagnosed diabetes mellitus
      was studied. The antibodies were present in 14 (27%) of 15 IDD patients below the
      age of 30 years, and in 11 (12%) of 91 NIDD patients. Among 46 newly-diagnosed
      diabetic patients, (aged over 30 years), 14 (30%) were antibody-positive and had
      a fasting blood sugar exceeding 11 mmol glucose. The glucose tolerance after a
      standardized breakfast decreased in IDD or insulin-treated patients with ICSA
      compared to patients without antibodies. C-peptide was also lower in patients
      with circulating ICSA (xi CPR/xi BS during a standardized breakfast test 0.61 +/-
      0.30 vs. 1.09 +/- 0.3 in IDD, 1.18 +/- 0.13 vs. 1.46 +/- 0.43 in the patients
      with insulin treatment). These results suggest that circulating ICSA be also
      present in some newly-diagnosed patients of over 30 years of age who require
      insulin treatment and who have an associated decreased glucose tolerance and C
      peptide response.

PMID- 6372162
TI  - Serological survey of hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers in out- and in-patients in
      a university hospital.
AB  - Of a total of 13,596 patients and 1,876 blood donors in a university hospital
      examined, 550 (4.1%) patients and 31 (1.7%) donors possessed hepatitis B surface
      antigen (HBsAg) in their blood. The higher incidence of HBsAg in the patient
      population than in the blood donors verified the view that medical personnel and
      hospitalized patients are at increased risk of acquiring HBV infection. To assess
      the actual hazard of the HBsAg-positive patients, we examined hepatitis Be
      antigen (HBeAg) and its antibody (anti-HBe) status of 228 HBsAg-positive patients
      and found that 39 (18%) were positive for HBeAg and 168 (74.5%) were positive for
      anti-HBe. This indicated that only one fifth of the HBsAg-positive patients
      should be drawn attention in terms of HBV transmission within a hospital.

PMID- 6372163
TI  - [Early pancreatic lesions induced by N-nitroso-bis(2-hydroxypropyl) amine in the
      golden Syrian hamster].
AB  - Early lesions of the exocrine pancreas of the Syrian Golden Hamster induced by
      lifetime weekly oral or subcutaneous administration of N-nitroso-bis (2 hydroxy
      propyl) amine (250 mg/kg) were studied by light and electron microscopy and
      autoradiography. There were no pathological differences according to the way of
      administration. The histogenesis of induced pancreatic neoplasms may be summed up
      as follows: hyperplasia of ductular cells with new islet cell formation that lead
      to the development of peri or intra insular cystic ductules which become
      cystedenomas and carcinomas.

PMID- 6372164
TI  - The purification and characterization of an antihemorrhagic factor in woodrat
      (Neotoma micropus) serum.
AB  - A protein antihemorrhagic factor was purified from the serum of the southern
      plains woodrat (Neotoma micropus) by gel filtration and ion exchange
      chromatography. The homogeneity of the purified factor was measured by disc
      electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. The factor had an isoelectric pH of 4.1, a
      molecular weight of 54,000, and migrated with alpha-globulins in disc
      electrophoresis. The factor failed to form a precipitate with crude western
      diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) venom and did not show proteolytic
      activity with gelatin or hide powder, N. Micropus has an antihemorrhagic factor
      in the serum which appears similar to that found in hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon
      hispidus) and in opossum (Didelphis virginiana) sera.

PMID- 6372165
TI  - Ion-exchange chromatographic characterization of stinging insect vespid venoms.
AB  - Paper wasp, hornets and yellow jacket vespid venoms were analysed by
      electrofocusing-electrophoresis titration curves and cation exchange
      chromatography on Mono STM. Important protein components were identified by
      zymography. The elution profiles from the cation exchange column for the
      different vespid venoms differed significantly, demonstrating the use of this
      technique for identification purposes. The various fractions from the ion
      exchange elution profiles were collected and analysed with respect to enzymatic
      activity. The high capacity of the system makes it also suitable for preparative
      scale separation.

PMID- 6372166
TI  - Testing natural indigo for genotoxicity.
AB  - The genotoxicity of indigo has been assessed by two short-term tests. The
      mutagenicity of natural indigo was compared with that of synthetic indigo. Both
      chemicals were tested using the standard procedure of the Salmonella/microsome
      mutagenicity test as described by Ames. The substance exhibits mutagenicity
      towards strains TA1538 and TA98 when S9 preparations of rat liver induced with
      Aroclor 1254 were present in the medium. The clastogenic potential was evaluated
      by the micronucleus test in the bone marrow of male mice. The test compound was
      administered twice with an interval of 24 h, the animals were killed 30 h and 54
      h after the first treatment. When the test compound was given by oral gavage as
      two equal dosages of 0.1, 1 and 1.2 g/kg body weight, no statistically
      significant increase in the percentage of polychromatic erythrocytes with
      micronuclei was observed for any group treated with natural indigo.

PMID- 6372167
TI  - The effects of dietary gum tragacanth in man.
AB  - Following a 7-day control period, 5 male volunteers consumed 9.9 g gum tragacanth
      (GT) daily for 21 days. The GT was well tolerated and there were no adverse
      effects in any of the volunteers. The daily intake was very high in relation to
      the minor amounts of GT (estimated at 2 g per person per annum) likely to be
      ingested as a foodstuffs additive. The wide range of measurements made before and
      at the end of the test period show that the ingestion of GT had no significant
      effect on any of the following: plasma biochemistry; haematological indices;
      urinalysis parameters; glucose tolerance; serum cholesterol, triglycerides and
      phospholipids; breath hydrogen and methane concentrations. The intestinal transit
      time decreased and faecal fat concentration increased (P less than 0.01) for 4
      subjects. The faecal wet and dry weights increased in all subjects (P less than
      0.01). These changes may be of nutritional and physiological interest but do not
      reflect any adverse toxicological effects arising from the ingestion of large
      daily doses of GT.

PMID- 6372168
TI  - [Plaque formation and bacterial adsorption: a review].

PMID- 6372169
TI  - [A cephalometric evaluation of a Brazilian pre-historic man].

PMID- 6372170
TI  - Combination posts and cores for multirooted teeth.

PMID- 6372171
TI  - [Current state and possibilities of radiotherapy in the inter- disciplinary
      treatment of malignancies of the stomach, pancreas and bile ducts. I. Stomach
      cancer].
AB  - Surgery is undoubtedly the therapy of choice in case of the advanced carcinoma of
      the stomach. In spite of more and more radical and extended operation techniques,
      the extremely unfavorable prognosis could not be improved. Based on experiences
      gained with palliative irradiations, the efficacy of radiotherapy can be
      considered to be proved. Its difficulties and problems are due to the topographic
      position of the stomach and to the radiosensitivity of the stomach and the
      adjacent organs. An additional application of radiotherapy seems sensible
      regarding the high rate of local recurrences and regional lymph node metastases
      following surgery (about 90%). The greatest effect of radiotherapy is to be
      expected in case of intraoperative application - alone or combined with
      postoperative percutaneous irradiation. However, the therapeutic effect of fast
      neutrons, hyperthermia, radiosensitizers has not been explored yet. The
      occurrence of remote metastases besides local recurrences in about 25% of all
      cases and the available results of some smaller studies suggest a therapeutic
      advantage to be obtained by an additional systemic cytologic therapy. The authors
      present the surgical, radiotherapeutic, and chemotherapeutic results achieved
      hitherto in the treatment of the advanced carcinoma of the stomach. Further
      possibilities for the future use of radiotherapy are proposed in order to
      encourage the establishment and application of interdisciplinary therapy
      conceptions.

PMID- 6372172
TI  - [Studies in the small intestine of mice after fractionated neutron and x-ray
      irradiation].
AB  - Several groups of mice received a whole-body irradiation with X-rays and
      neutrons. The survival and the number of crypts per intestinal circumference was
      measured after one-time, two-time, three-time, and four-time fractionation. The
      irradiation interval was 24 hours. Survival rate and number of crypts were
      compared to one another. There were discrepancies which could be explained by
      determining the right moments of examination. Thus it seems not recommendable to
      use the system of small intestine crypts for experiences with fractionated
      irradiations. The RBE values increased with the rising number of fractions. If Dn
      Dl values were calculated, they increased on the one hand with the rising
      fractionation, on the other hand with the rising total dose. This effect was more
      marked after X-ray irradiation, less after neutron irradiation. This may be
      explained by the fact that, contrary to neutron irradiation, the recovery
      following to sublethal lesion by X-rays had not been exhausted.

PMID- 6372173
TI  - [Changes in the lungs as affected by acute and chronic ethanol intoxication].

PMID- 6372174
TI  - Dietary factors in the prevention of cancer.

PMID- 6372175
TI  - Considerations in the interpretation of animal bioassays for chemical
      carcinogenicity.

PMID- 6372176
TI  - Association of anergy and the development of cancer in immunosuppressed renal
      allograft recipients.

PMID- 6372177
TI  - Fibromuscular dysplasia: an unusual cause of hypertension in the transplant
      recipient.
AB  - A transplant recipient developed hypertension from unsuspected fibromuscular
      dysplasia of the donor renal artery. We believe this is the first reported case
      of this disease transmitted by transplantation. Successful repair of the stenosis
      was obtained by resection of the stenotic area and reanastomosis to the internal
      iliac artery. While the diagnosis of fibromuscular hyperplasia was not suspected
      in our donor prior to organ retrieval, its eventual occurrence in the
      transplanted kidney suggests that when the donor clinical picture is appropriate
      the lesion should be searched for prior to use of the organs.

PMID- 6372178
TI  - Carcinoma of the vulva in two young renal allograft recipients.

PMID- 6372179
TI  - [Nature of the phenotypic variability of somatic cells in culture: stable and
      high-frequency phenotypic changes].
AB  - The properties of stable phenotypic variants that appear with low frequency are
      considered. The data are presented that these variants are associated with both
      mutational and epigenetic changes. The properties of high frequency phenotypic
      variants that really appear and/or are detected in cell populations are analyzed
      more in detail. These variants: 1) arise accidentally and independently on the
      selectivity agent; 2) reproduce the phenotype that was changed in the course of
      cell generations constantly; 3) the frequency of the arising of such variants
      does not, as a rule, increase under the mutagen pressure, and 4) site-specificity
      of high frequency of changes is typical for those variants. The high frequency of
      phenotypic alterations causes intraclonal heterogeneity of somatic cell
      populations. This heterogeneity cannot be elicited by manifold subcloning. The
      properties of genetic unstable variations and accessible expression of these
      variations in populations of somatic cells in culture are discussed. The arising
      of a number of variants detected with high frequency is concluded to be generally
      provided by unstable genetic alterations. These alterations are suggested to be a
      result of the insertion of mobile genetic elements.

PMID- 6372180
TI  - [Patterns of thrombocytopoiesis regulation].
AB  - Based on literature data, the main kinds of thrombocytopoiesis regulation are
      analyzed. It is shown that humoral factors regulate the intensity of
      proliferation of committed precursors and the mean sizes of mature
      megakaryocytes. The activity of these factors depends on the numbers of
      thrombocytes in blood and of megakaryocytes in bone marrow. The evidence
      presented in the review enables one to give a quantitative description of the
      relationship between the rate of thrombocytopoiesis and the content of
      thrombocytes in blood. The fact that the alteration of the time of megakaryocyte
      maturation does not depend on the duration and strength of the influences points
      to a non-specificity of this reaction. A scheme for the thrombopoiesis regulation
      is proposed which can serve as a basis for its mathematic description.

PMID- 6372181
TI  - [Effect of insulin and cortisol on oxidation of (1-14C)glucose, (6-14C)glucose,
      (1-14C)palmitate and (1-14C)leucine in the tissues of swine during the neonatal
      period].
AB  - The intensity of [1-14C]glucose, [6-14C]glucose, [1-14C]palmitate and [1
      14C]leucine oxidation and the effect of insulin and hydrocortisone on this
      process were studied in the brain, duodenum mucosa, liver and skeletal muscle of
      1- and 5-day old piglets in vitro. Most of the studied substrates are oxidized in
      the tissues of 5-day piglets more intensively. Insulin stimulates oxidation of [1
      14C]glucose, [6-14C]glucose and [1-14C]leucine in the brain and duodenum mucosa
      in 1- and 5-day old piglets, while in the liver and skeletal muscle--only in 5
      day old piglets. Hydrocortisone administration enhances oxidation of [1
      14C]leucine in most of the studied tissues in 1-day piglets and oxidation of [1
      14C]glucose and [6-14C]glucose--in 5-day piglets. Both hormones produce no
      essential influence on the intensity of [1-14C]palmitate oxidation in the studied
      tissues of piglets or somewhat weaken it.

PMID- 6372182
TI  - [Fluorescent probe study of the spatial structure of membranes and lipoproteins].
AB  - A review is devoted to principles of studies in spatial structure of the model
      and biological membranes and lipoproteins on the basis of measuring radiationless
      energy transfer between fluorescent probes and from proteins to the probes.
      Recently the theory has been developed for energy transfer in membranes of
      various geometry and in lipoproteins of different size and structure. Special
      fluorescent probes are designed and made. The measurement procedure was tested in
      simulated systems and used to study a series of membranes as well as blood plasma
      lipoproteins of main classes. Everything above-mentioned resulted in obtaining
      data on the size of protein molecules in membranes and lipoproteins, proteins
      location relative to the lipid phase, on the surface area of the membranes
      (isolated and directly in a cell), association of protein molecules, state of
      near-protein lipid layer, membrane asymmetry, spreading of proteins on the
      lipoprotein surface, on the cholesterol effect on the lipid bilayer size etc.

PMID- 6372183
TI  - Diagnosis of human tumors. Case 11: Cutaneous histiocytic sarcoma.

PMID- 6372184
TI  - [Preoperative chemical depilation. Results at a gynecological department].

PMID- 6372185
TI  - [Clinical results of immunosuppression with cyclosporin A in cadaveric kidney
      transplantation].

PMID- 6372186
TI  - [Cyclosporin A. Better results in kidney transplantation].

PMID- 6372187
TI  - [Acetylcholine receptor antibodies in myasthenia gravis. Measurement of plasma
      concentration by immunoprecipitation].

PMID- 6372188
TI  - A simple method for the direct visualization of cell surface-associated lectins
      and antibodies in freeze fracture electron microscopy.

PMID- 6372189
TI  - Use of focused ultrasound for stimulation of nerve structures.
AB  - Pulsed focused ultrasound can stimulate the receptor and conductive nerve
      structures of humans and animals as well as the neurons of the central nervous
      system of invertebrates. The possibility of a wide practical use of this method
      in medicine and physiology is considered. For example, the stimulating ability of
      focused ultrasound is applied to the diagnosis of neurological diseases, to the
      study of skin and tissue sensitivity in man, to the diagnosis of hearing
      disorders, and to the introduction of auditory information to the deaf with
      certain forms of hearing pathology. The factors that affect focused ultrasound as
      a stimulus for the irritation of nerve structures are discussed.

PMID- 6372190
TI  - Clinical evaluation of models and markers of myocardial ischemia.

PMID- 6372191
TI  - Methods for diagnosis, estimation and prediction of myocardial damage from serum
      observations of marker substances.

PMID- 6372192
TI  - [Kidney transplantation in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 6372193
TI  - [Immunologic indices of patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary
      bladder].

PMID- 6372195
TI  - [Malignancy grading of bladder carcinoma based on cytology].
AB  - Tumor-grading of transitional carcinoma of the bladder can be done better by
      cytology than by histology, because the cytological technique is simpler and less
      traumatizing. We have tried to introduce cytological criteria for the three
      grades of malignancy.

PMID- 6372194
TI  - Epidemiology and socioeconomic aspects of urolithiasis.
AB  - This epidemiologic study reveals that the occurrence of urolithiasis in the
      nineteenth century population in Europe is quite similar to that of the twentieth
      century in Asia. The analogy is demonstrated for age distribution, stone
      localization, male/female ratio, and stone composition. The distribution of
      urolithiasis in a low socioeconomic level population is defined by: highest
      frequency in childhood, more than 40% bladder stones, less than 20% female
      patients, less than 40% calcium-oxalate stones, and more than 30% uric acid/urate
      stones. Typical for a population with a high level these characteristics of
      urolithiasis are: highest frequency among adults, less than 10% bladder stones,
      more than 25% female patients, more than 60% calcium oxalate stones, and less
      than 20% uric acid/urate stones. In partially developed countries those values
      fall in between.

PMID- 6372196
TI  - [Transient neurogenic bladder-emptying disorder caused by herpes genitalis
      following kidney transplantation].
AB  - We report on a case of transient neurogenic dysfunction of the urinary bladder
      caused by herpes genitalis in a renal transplant patient. The patient noticed a
      slow urinary stream 3 days after the vesicular stage of the herpes genitalis.
      After 9 days complete urinary retention and loss of sensation developed,
      necessitating the insertion of suprapubic tube. Symptoms and residual urine
      spontaneously disappeared after 20 days. After removal of the suprapubic tube the
      patient could empty his bladder completely with good stream. 45 cases of this
      kind have been described in the literature. the cause is a sacral meningo
      radiculitis with herpes simplex virus leading to a transient neuromotoric
      paralysis of the bladder.

PMID- 6372197
TI  - Scrotal hypothermia: new therapy for poor semen.
AB  - A relation between experimental elevation of testis temperature and poor semen
      has been known for over sixty years. Poor semen from elevated temperature due to
      intrinsic abnormality of testis thermoregulation has been a recent concept. A
      testicular hypothermia device (THD) was created which when worn by "hard core"
      infertile males with varicocele, failed varicocelectomy, or "subclinical"
      varicocele resulted in lowering of temperature with improvement in semen in many.
      Pregnancies have resulted. The device is noninvasive and well tolerated.

PMID- 6372198
TI  - Artificial urinary Sphincter 800.
AB  - With the refinements in the Sphincter 800, better patient selection and improved
      surgical techniques, the artificial urinary sphincter now offers a viable
      treatment alternative in the management of urinary incontinence arising from
      sphincteric incompetence.

PMID- 6372199
TI  - Endoscopic suspension of vesical neck for urinary incontinence.
AB  - Surgically curable urinary incontinence in women is achieved by restoration of
      the vesical neck from a dependent position in the pelvis to one high behind the
      symphysis pubis. Endoscopic suspension, which accomplishes this by elevating the
      internal vesical neck on both sides with two permanent buttressed nylon loops is
      effective for correcting primary or recurrent stress urinary incontinence and
      even total incontinence in over 90 per cent of patients. Technical advantages
      over retropubic vesical neck suspensions include less postoperative morbidity,
      functional measurements and anatomic visualization of a restored vesical neck
      during the procedure, easy access to the surgically difficult pelvis, and
      simultaneous repair of significant rectoceles or substantial cystoceles through
      the same operative field.

PMID- 6372200
TI  - Basic microvascular techniques and principles.
AB  - This article will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the various types
      of optical magnification currently available. The instruments necessary for
      performing most operations will also be presented. Attention will be focused on
      the physical properties and technical considerations of microvascular
      anastomosis. The principles and techniques employed for joining small blood
      vessels are almost always valid and transferable to reconstructive surgery of
      other small tubes such as the ureter, bowel, etc.

PMID- 6372201
TI  - [Results of iridointracapsular fixation of intraocular lenses after extracapsular
      cataract extraction].

PMID- 6372202
TI  - [Cells of the vitreous humor].

PMID- 6372203
TI  - [Tobacco smoking and the organ of sight].

PMID- 6372204
TI  - [Classification of changes in the cornea from the standpoint of current
      indications for surgical treatment].

PMID- 6372205
TI  - [Past stages and future prospects in the development of conservative operations
      in bone oncology].
AB  - Organ-preserving operations were performed on 82 patients with malignant tumors
      of bones. In 58 patients osseous alloplasty was used for substitution of the
      defects, in 24 patients the defect was substituted by endoprosthesis after
      resection of the joint ends. Indications for different preserving operations are
      given.

PMID- 6372206
TI  - [Preventive use of antibiotics in planned abdominal surgery (review of foreign
      literature)].

PMID- 6372207
TI  - [Nonocclusive postoperative ischemic necrosis of the intestine].

PMID- 6372208
TI  - [Surgical treatment of toxic goiter in diabetes mellitus patients].
AB  - Under analysis were 55 cases of toxic goiter associated with diabetes mellitus.
      All the patients were operated upon with good early results. A scheme for the
      choice of necessary preoperative dosage of insulin is recommended. The authors
      believe the combination of toxic goiter and diabetes mellitus to be an indication
      for surgery. Decompensation of diabetes mellitus in patients with thyrotoxicosis
      is associated with the increased amount of contrinsular hormones. The operations
      resulted in the improvement of the course of both diseases.

PMID- 6372209
TI  - [Technical equipment for burn surgery].

PMID- 6372210
TI  - [Use of one-row sutures in gastrointestinal surgery].

PMID- 6372211
TI  - [Remote results of the surgical treatment of subcutaneous rupture of the Achilles
      tendon].

PMID- 6372212
TI  - [Protective suture in gastric and intestinal surgery].

PMID- 6372213
TI  - [Multiple polyps of the large intestine. Problems of terminology, classification
      and clinical aspects].

PMID- 6372214
TI  - [The prominent Russian surgeon E.I. Bogdanovskii (on the 150th anniversary on his
      birth)].

PMID- 6372215
TI  - [Ways of reducing complications after the surgical treatment of peptic ulcer].
AB  - Variants of parcimonious resections of the stomach with the dissection of the
      lesser curvature or a selective vagotomy and the formation of the pyloric canal
      for the treatment of the ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenum are described.
      Indications for the operation have been developed. For the period from 1973 the
      operations were performed on 197 patients with fairly satisfactory remote
      results. Lethality was 0,5%.

PMID- 6372216
TI  - [Combined gastrectomies with formation of an artificial stomach by a new method].
AB  - A new method for jejunoplasty was used in 29 combined gastrectomies.
      Postoperative lethality was 17.2%.

PMID- 6372217
TI  - [Current principles of surgical interventions in inguinal hernia].
AB  - The main condition for the successful treatment is an individual plasty depending
      on the type of hernia. For patients with almost incurable hernias (direct, great
      oblique and recurrent hernias) deep aponeurotic plasty of the posterior wall is
      recommended.

PMID- 6372219
TI  - Animal technicians.

PMID- 6372218
TI  - [Low-frequency ultrasonics in the treatment of trophic ulcers].
AB  - The treatment of trophic ulcers by the low-frequency ultrasound results in
      destruction of the collagen fibres of the fibro-cicatricial tissue, reduces the
      bacterial dissemination, stimulates the growth of a new granulation tissue which
      allows to fulfill autodermoplasty .

PMID- 6372220
TI  - Urinary diversion.

PMID- 6372221
TI  - Renal transplantation.

PMID- 6372222
TI  - Anesthesia for urogenital surgery.

PMID- 6372223
TI  - Diagnostic procedures in urology.

PMID- 6372224
TI  - Postoperative radiography of the urinary system.

PMID- 6372225
TI  - Correction of congenital defects of the urogenital system.

PMID- 6372226
TI  - Traumatic injuries of the urogenital system.

PMID- 6372227
TI  - Surgical therapy for urolithiasis.

PMID- 6372228
TI  - Perineal urethrostomy. Surgical technique and management of complications.

PMID- 6372229
TI  - Antigen selection for optimal serological diagnosis of Aspergillus fumigatus
      infection of the nasal chambers of the dog.

PMID- 6372230
TI  - Characterisation of Escherichia coli from diarrhoeic calves.

PMID- 6372231
TI  - Respiratory syncytial virus diagnosis.

PMID- 6372232
TI  - [Centrifugal effect for adsorption of Chlamydia trachomatis].

PMID- 6372233
TI  - [Immunologic study in bone marrow transplantation. Results of the analysis of 3
      cases].

PMID- 6372234
TI  - [Metabolic disorders in uremia. II. Glucose].

PMID- 6372235
TI  - [Metabolic disorders in uremia. III. Lipids].

PMID- 6372236
TI  - [Endralazine in the treatment of hypertension].

PMID- 6372237
TI  - [Report on the clinical evaluation of the antihypertensive effects of Urandil A
      VUFB].

PMID- 6372238
TI  - [Hygienic aspects and the organization of expert ecological evaluation of
      preproject and project data].

PMID- 6372239
TI  - [History of anatomical museums in the Ukraine and their importance for atheistic
      propaganda and the popularization of the achievements of science].

PMID- 6372240
TI  - [Treatment of arterial hypertension patients depending on renin activity].

PMID- 6372241
TI  - [Extracorporeal ultraviolet irradiation of the blood (review of the literature)].

PMID- 6372243
TI  - [Value of auto- and allotransplantation of cryopreserved bone marrow in the
      complex treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia].

PMID- 6372242
TI  - [Pharmacological properties of pyrazolone and pyrazolidine derivatives (review of
      the literature)].

PMID- 6372244
TI  - [Effect on the respiratory organs of dust from the technical processing of fibers
      (based on WHO data) (review of the literature)].

PMID- 6372245
TI  - [Beta2-microglobulin--immunological and nephrological aspects (review of the
      literature)].

PMID- 6372246
TI  - [Current problems in the pathology of burns].
AB  - +The results obtained from the study on thermal trauma were summarised on the
      base of histological, electron microscopic, immunologic and toxicological
      investigation methods. Shock during burning induces disturbances in the
      microcirculation. The great clinical significance of the alterations in lungs are
      stressed upon, manifested in a disorder of blood-gas barrier, permeability of the
      membranes of capillaries and cells, leading to acute pulmonary insufficiency. One
      of the probable mechanisms of anemia advancing after burns is described, that is
      due to the toxic effect of serum. Complement-fixation antibodies are found in the
      patients with burns, suggesting the involvement of autoimmune mechanisms in the
      course of the disease. The disturbed microcirculation has an unfavourable effect
      on the regeneration of wounds, leading to destruction of epithelial regeneration,
      disturbing the processes of revascularization of skin transplant, having an
      effect on the immune reactions of organism. Sepsis is discussed, with particular
      attention paid to that induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In would cachexia some
      changes in the wounds are pointed to as well as sclerotic and atrophic processes
      in some internal organs, being usually irreversible. The reversibility if
      sclerosis in hypertrophic cicatrix and keloid is discussed, stressing on the
      cellular and extracellular mechanisms, involved in that process.

PMID- 6372247
TI  - [Therapeutic effect of bronchospasmin in bronchial asthma patients].

PMID- 6372248
TI  - Malignant or accelerated hypertension.
AB  - Malignant or accelarated hypertension is a life-threatening medical emergency
      that is a possible complication of practically any hypertensive disorder. If not
      promptly treated it can cause severe, rapidly progressive target-organ damage and
      death. While the histo-pathologic features of malignant hypertension are well
      recognized, the pathogenesis of the associated vascular lesions and the
      transition from a benign to a malignant phase are unclear. With adequate control
      of hypertension, progression to the accelarated or malignant phase can be
      prevented. Moreover, promptly and effectively reducing the blood pressure during
      the malignant phase can prevent, minimize or even reverse serious target organ
      injury. Malignant hypertension, therefore, is both preventable and treatable.

PMID- 6372250
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of beclomethasone dipropionate in the treatment of perennial
      allergic rhinitis].

PMID- 6372251
TI  - [Muscle and skin-muscle flaps used in the crural area].

PMID- 6372253
TI  - [Transcutaneous and transhepatic cholangiography and bile drainage].

PMID- 6372252
TI  - [The functions of phagocytes].

PMID- 6372254
TI  - [Severe course of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection in a 14-year-old boy].

PMID- 6372255
TI  - [Infantile cortical hyperostosis].

PMID- 6372256
TI  - [The first ovariectomies in Poland].

PMID- 6372249
TI  - The heart in diabetes.
AB  - Since the introduction of insulin, heart disease has become a major impediment to
      survival in persons with diabetes mellitus. Coronary disease has increased
      severity and accelerated development in diabetic persons compared with an age-
      and sex-matched nondiabetic population. A peculiar vulnerability of women to the
      influence of diabetes with loss of premenopausal coronary disease protection has
      been found. The symptomatology of coronary events may differ and coronary care
      data show a higher incidence of sudden death in diabetic patients who have a
      myocardial infarction than in their non-diabetic counterparts. Insulin may play a
      role in the myocardial adjustment to an ischemic insult by enhancing glucose
      intake and suppressing lipolysis and ketogenesis. Carbohydrate intolerance in
      dogs, rhesus monkeys and humans appears associated with similar histologic and
      compositional changes in the myocardium. Abnormalities in diastolic ventricular
      function not attributable to large- or small-vessel coronary disease have been
      found in the diabetic subjects of each species. Studies in humans who have
      diabetes have assessed single pressure-volume relationships and more exacting
      measures of ventricular compliance are needed. Abnormalities of myocardial
      function in patients with diabetes have been found using echo and radionuclide
      techniques. Many of these findings need to be correlated with invasive data or
      confirmed in larger populations. Autonomic dysfunction is common in diabetic
      persons and may imply an associated poor prognosis. Reflex abnormalities in
      parasympathetic function are most prevalent and occur before sympathetic
      dysfunction.

PMID- 6372257
TI  - [Significance of pruritus in internal diseases].

PMID- 6372258
TI  - [111-Indium-labeled thrombocytes in the diagnosis of acute kidney transplant
      rejections and in monitoring the therapy of rejection reactions with
      prostacyclin].
AB  - 33 patients were examined daily under a gamma camera after weekly injections of
      111-In-labelled autologous platelets over a period of at least 4 weeks after
      transplantation. A group of 33 patients with long-term stable and well
      functioning grafts served as controls. By means of a computerized recording
      technique, platelet trapping in the graft was measured and expressed as platelet
      uptake index (PUI). The method worked well for the early diagnosis of acute
      rejection signified by an increase in PUI, accompanied by a shortening of
      platelet half life (t/2). 6 patients suffering from acute rejection received
      infusions of prostacyclin in addition to conventional high-dose
      methylprednisolone therapy. In 4 cases the PUI decreased again and an improvement
      in graft function was observed. Prostacyclin infusion treatment was applied also
      in 12 patients with histologically-proven chronic transplant rejection. Decreased
      platelet consumption by the graft and a temporary improvement in transplant
      function were achieved. We suggest that prostacyclin could enrich the
      possibilities of anti-rejection treatment by providing a tool for the suppression
      of platelet trapping in the graft. The platelet scan served as a useful method
      for the early detection of acute rejection, as well as the monitoring of
      prostacyclin anti-rejection treatment.

PMID- 6372259
TI  - [Radioisotope labeling of human blood cells--a historic overview].

PMID- 6372260
TI  - [Blood cell labeling: retrospective and prospects].
AB  - The labelling of blood cells in vitro for subsequent in vivo studies was one of
      the earliest applications of radioactive tracers in clinical medicine and laid
      the foundations for many important contributions to the advancement of knowledge
      of human blood cell pathophysiology. The characteristics required for
      satisfactory clinical studies, the mechanisms of cell labelling, the problems of
      radiation of chemical damage to the labelled cells and some examples of modern
      clinical applications are described and discussed.

PMID- 6372261
TI  - [High-frequency ventilation. Development of new ventilation systems--experimental
      and clinical results].
AB  - Based on the well known High Frequency Jet Ventilation (HFJV) two modified types
      of High Frequency Ventilation, Forced Diffusion Ventilation (FDV) and High
      Frequency Pulsation (HFP) have been developed. Both systems are designed to allow
      ventilation with very small volume portions in the upper range of HFV
      frequencies. In dog experiments sufficient gas exchange could be maintained
      during FDV up to frequencies 3000 per minute and even with an uninterrupted
      "continuous" jet entering the lungs on carina level. With this mode of
      ventilation lung could be kept in a resting position. Due to particular
      configuration of a pair of nozzles at the tip of a modified endotracheal catheter
      fresh gas is forced down the airways along the inner edges of bifurcations
      towards the lung periphery. At the same time stale gas leaves the lung via the
      remaining cross section of the airways. Thus a continuous scavanging process can
      be established without significant lung inflation. This mechanisms are not met
      during HFP. Therefore the range of frequencies achievable with this type of
      ventilation is significantly lower (250 to 500/min.) and "tidal volumes" are much
      higher. However, they are still beyond the anatomical dead space which suggest
      again a contribution of alternative mechanisms to gas transport. The impact of
      both types of HFV on gas exchange and pressure-flow conditions were studied in
      lung models as well as in animal experiments. FDV and HFP were also applied
      successfully to a group of 23 patients undergoing major lung surgery. In all
      patients it was possible to maintain excellent gas exchange throughout the whole
      surgical procedure. The exposure of the surgical field was much more quiet as
      compared to IPPV. Due to the small tidal volumes lung pressures can be kept much
      lower and gas losses via the open bronchi and lung surface are reduced
      dramatically.

PMID- 6372262
TI  - [The major histocompatibility complex in man: practical significance].

PMID- 6372263
TI  - [Multidisciplinary aspects of kidney transplantation in Austria. Internal
      preoperative examinations of continuously dialysed patients during the pre
      transplantation phase].
AB  - Successful renal transplantation requires a comprehensive preoperative program.
      Patient's investigation, EKG and laboratory data should be done at regular
      intervals. Microbiologic analyses comprise fungal, bacterial and viral diagnostic
      procedures. Roentgenograms should be achieved from thorax, skeleton and upper
      intestinal tract. Sonography is helpful in diagnosis of kidney, liver, spleen,
      pancreas, parathyreoidea and heart. Early manifestations of hyperparathyreoidism
      are detected by bone scanning. Possible foci have to be eliminated. Regular
      ophthalmologic and neurologic controls are required for proper therapy of
      patients on RDT.

PMID- 6372264
TI  - Metabolism of captopril-L-cysteine, a captopril metabolite, in rats and dogs.
AB  - The metabolism of [14C]captopril-L-cysteine was studied in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats and pure-bred beagles after a single i.v. dose (4 mg/kg).
      During the first 24 h, concn. of total radioactivity in blood were similar in
      both species. Captopril was found in small amounts in the blood of both species.
      In rats, captopril, bound covalently but reversibly to plasma proteins (CP-PR),
      was the major component in blood (70%), whereas captopril-L-cysteine was a minor
      component (23%) of the total radioactivity. In dog blood, CP-PR constituted a
      smaller fraction (45%) of the total radioactivity than in the rat and captopril-L
      cysteine was the major component (53%). In 72 h, 89-91% of the dose was excreted
      in the urine of rats and dogs. Captopril-L-cysteine accounted for 7% (rat) and
      68% (dog) of the radioactivity in urine; captopril accounted for 75% (rat) and 7%
      (dog). Other metabolites were present in the urine of both species. The greater
      net conversion of captopril-L-cysteine to CP-PR and to captopril in rats helps
      explain why captopril-L-cysteine is excreted in urine as a major metabolite of
      captopril in dogs but only a minor one in rats.

PMID- 6372265
TI  - Human cytochromes P-450.
AB  - Studies in vivo have provided evidence for a multiplicity of cytochromes P-450 in
      man, some of which are under independent monogenic control. Although the activity
      of cytochromes P-450 in man are generally lower than those of rat, this is by no
      means always the case. There are several important exceptions including the N
      hydroxylation of 2-acetamidofluorene. Studies in vitro by a number of different
      techniques have confirmed the evidence from studies in vivo that there are
      multiple forms of human cytochrome P-450. In addition to differences in Vmax, the
      different forms of cytochrome P-450 may also exhibit marked differences in their
      apparent Km values. The implications that this may have for pharmacokinetics and
      toxicology are discussed. The polymorphism in the 4-hydroxylation of debrisoquine
      observed in vivo has been shown to be due to a defect in a specific form of
      cytochrome P-450 which appears to be under monogenic regulation. Cross-inhibition
      studies have enabled the specificity of this isozyme to be characterized. Such
      studies have also enabled the contribution of this isozyme of cytochrome P-450 to
      the oxidation of other substrates to be determined. Compounds investigated
      include bufuralol and phenytoin. Evidence from studies both in vivo and in vitro
      suggest that selective induction of different forms of cytochrome P-450 can occur
      in man. However, the number of different classes of inducer in man is not yet
      known. Human cytochromes P-450 have been purified to near homogeneity in several
      laboratories. Different forms of cytochrome P-450 purified from the same liver
      sample vary in molecular weight, chromatographic characteristics and substrate
      specificities.

PMID- 6372266
TI  - Cytochrome P-450 spin state: inorganic biochemistry of haem iron ligation and
      functional significance.
AB  - Haem ligation in cytochrome P-450 has been reviewed and the nature of the fifth
      and sixth ligands of the haemoprotein in the ferric low-spin, ferric high-spin,
      ferrous and ferrous-carbon-monoxy states have been discussed. Factors controlling
      the cytochrome P-450 spin equilibrium have been described, including substrate
      and functional components of the mixed-function oxidase system. In addition, a
      thermodynamic model describing the interaction of substrate with ferric
      cytochrome P-450 has been developed in terms of the micro-equilibrium constants
      governing substrate binding. The functional significance of the cytochrome P-450
      spin state with particular reference to control of the first electron reduction
      of the haemoprotein has been summarized, and a subsequent validation of the spin
      redox coupling model of cytochrome P-450-dependent catalysis has been presented.

PMID- 6372267
TI  - Bio-organic chemistry and cytochrome P-450-dependent catalysis.
AB  - This review presents current ideas, models and experimental data relating to the
      precise chemistry that links the transition metal active centre of cytochrome P
      450 systems, the unactivated alkane substrate and the triplet atmospheric
      dioxygen molecule. Aspects considered include the hypervalent transition metal,
      the reductive activation of the dioxygen molecule by two electrons as an
      intermediate in the four-equivalent oxidase mechanism, and the details of carbon
      hydrogen and carbon-carbon fragmentation. Studies of the microbial camphor 5-exo
      hydroxylase system are used to exemplify the principles discussed.

PMID- 6372268
TI  - [3H-thymidine incorporation following isoleucine limitation in stringent and
      relaxed controlled strains of Escherichia coli].
AB  - Stringent and relaxed strains of E. coli subjected to isoleucine starvation were
      examined by follow-wing the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into chromosomal DNA.
      After valine treatment to trigger an isoleucine deprivation (p)ppGpp is
      synthesized in the stringent strain only. Remarkable differences in the
      morphology of the amino acid starved cells of the stringent and relaxed strains
      can be observed. Upon isoleucine limitation 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA
      is reduced in both strains, but this inhibition is remarkably delayed in the
      relaxed strain. Our result show that the reduction of chromosomal DNA synthesis
      during amino acid limitation occurs also without ppGpp, but in the presence of
      ppGpp this process is accelerated.

PMID- 6372269
TI  - Mixed culture kinetics of stringent and relaxed Escherichia coli cells in glucose
      limited chemostat.
AB  - The mixed culture kinetics of stringent and relaxed Escherichia coli cells were
      investigated in a glucose-limited chemostat at different dilution rates.
      Independent of the dilution rate the stringent cells competed out the relaxed
      cells. But the number of generations necessary for displaying the relaxed cells
      by the stringent ones increased with increasing dilution rate. The results are
      discussed as a consequence of the regulatory role of guanosine-5'-diphosphate-3'
      diphosphate (ppGpp) which is known to be present at different concentrations in
      stringent and relaxed cells under conditions of nutrient limitation. In addition,
      it is postulated that the coefficient of the maintenance metabolism according to
      PIRT (1965) is slower in stringent cells than in relaxed cells of E. coli.

PMID- 6372270
TI  - [Formation of plasmid pBR322 oligomers as depending on a tetracycline
      concentration].
AB  - Escherichia coli K12 strains containing the plasmid pBR322 often show varying
      contents of plasmid oligomers, in which the monomer units are arranged in tandem.
      When the concentration of the plasmid-selective antibiotic tetracycline in the
      medium becomes increased selection of cells containing largely higher oligomers
      occurs. The number of monomer units organized in the oligomers increases with
      tetracycline concentration. recA- mutants are unable to generate oligomers under
      the same conditions and show lower tetracycline resistance. This observations
      suggest a selective advantage of oligomer containing cells in the presence of
      tetracycline as a result of higher gene dosage. But E. coli cells transformed
      with monomers, dimers, trimers, as well as tetramers of pBR322 are characterized
      by roughly the same plasmid DNA content as well as plasmid coded beta-lactamase
      and resistance to tetracycline.

PMID- 6372271
TI  - Use of nystatin for random spore selection in the yeast Saccharomycopsis
      lipolytica.
AB  - Nystatin was used to develop a new method to select spores of the yeast
      Saccharomycopsis lipolytica. At low concentrations nystatin killed preferently
      growing cells of this yeast. At high concentrations nongrowing cells were
      affected as well. In contrast, spores were not sensitive to nystatin action. This
      differential response to the antibiotic suggested its use to select spores from
      sporulated yeast cultures.

PMID- 6372272
TI  - [Morphologic findings on the formal genesis of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis].
AB  - Cytological, cytochemical and immunopathological investigations were carried out
      at lung washings in a case of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. There was an
      increased activity of alveolar epithelial cells of type II (AEZ II) with
      increased production of surfactant lipids. Abundant lipids of the surfactant
      system are also visible in the extracellular material rich in protein and lipids.
      Alveolar macrophages showed increased enzymatic activity with high levels of acid
      phosphatase and nonspecific esterase, but no phagocytosis of surfactant lipids.
      Immunopathological investigations exhibit a high content of IgG, IgM and IgA in
      the exudate. These findings demonstrate, that exudation of blood serum in alveoli
      and overproduction of surfactant material are two important processes in the
      formal genesis of alveolar proteinosis, dependent on each other.

PMID- 6372273
TI  - Barrier effect of Bifidobacterium longum on a pathogenic Escherichia coli strain
      by gut colonization in the germ-free rat.
AB  - The predominance of Bifidobacteria in normal breast-fed babies is well
      established. Even under unfavourable hygienic conditions of delivery and during
      the breast-feeding period Bifidobacteria develop and colonize the intestinal
      tract at high concentrations. In the present study we investigated the
      interaction between Bifidobacterium longum and a pathogenic E. coli strain in the
      germ-free rat. Sequential counts of the two bacterial strains allowed their
      proliferation to be followed. Electron microscopic as well as light microscopic
      examinations of selected intestinal mucosa segments revealed minor morphological
      changes. Bifidobacterium completely protected the rats against mortality from a
      consecutive infection with E. coli. Repeated inoculation of Bifidobacteria even
      decreased and kept down the initial E. coli population. Thus it appears that the
      germ-free rat is an appropriate model to study the development and interaction of
      both bacterial species and that the sequence of inoculation is most important.

PMID- 6372274
TI  - [Results and assessment of ventilation and perfusion scintigraphic studies
      following left-sided homologous lung transplantation in the dog].
AB  - Left-sided homologous lung transplantations (LTP) were carried out in 18 mongrel
      dogs. Exhalation and perfusion scannings took place for interpreting the
      ventilation and perfusion in the postoperative course. The per cent Xe133 storage
      and the exhalation per minute show the significant reduction of the ventilation
      in the transplants dependent on the duration of the postoperative interval. The
      compensation behaviour of the ventilation of the non-operated lung shows the
      compartment analysis. The perfusion index QL/QR with Tc99m decreased
      progressively in the postoperative course.--These investigation methods are
      slightly invasive. They allow the synoptic recording of the relationships between
      ventilation and perfusion. A differential diagnosis of complications after lung
      transplantations is not possible, however.

PMID- 6372275
TI  - [Incidence and diagnostic significance of reactive syphilis antibodies in
      systemic lupus erythematodes and other immunologic diseases].
AB  - Serum samples of 78 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic
      sclerosis and other immunological diseases were tested for antibodies to
      syphilis. Reactive or weak reactive results were observed in 10% by means of the
      treponema pallidum hemagglutination (TPHA) test, in 27% by the FTA-Abs test, in
      40% applying the IgM-FTA-Abs test, in 10% by the VDRL test and in 3% of the cases
      using the cardiolipin CF test. Only in 3 patients (4%) we found an antibody
      pattern characteristic of syphilitic patients (TPHA and FTA-Abs test
      simultaneously undoubtedly reactive). Neither the comparative qualitative and
      quantitative determination of antibodies to ANA, nDNS and ENA (extractable
      salinesoluble nuclear antigen) nor elimination of nDNS and ENA antibodies, or
      incubation of the treponemal test antigen with DNase lead to a conclusion whether
      the reactive results of the TPHA, FTA-Abs, and IgM-FTA-Abs tests specifically
      indicate a syphilitic infection. The low incidence of reactive syphilis tests in
      SLE and the presence of syphilitic antibodies in other immunological diseases
      limitate the significance for the criterium in the diagnosis of SLE.

PMID- 6372276
TI  - Modernization and the family structure of the elderly in the United States.
AB  - The major shift in the family structure of the older American population occurred
      during the twentieth century, especially in the period since World War II. This
      transition to living alone came long after discontinuities had developed in other
      major indicators of economic, demographic, familial and attitudinal
      modernization. The long delay in the transformation of household structure is,
      however, consistent with a family ideology that is explicit and implicit in the
      writings of the seventeenth-century English philosopher John Locke. The article
      presents data on the relationship to household head and on the kin composition of
      the households of the elderly (65+) between 1880 and the present. The 1900
      national sample of non-institutionalized older persons (55+) also supplies
      details on living arrangements by nativity and by type of urban neighborhood and
      farm and non-farm rural residence.

PMID- 6372277
TI  - [Politicization of the age problem--the dispute over industrial pension funds in
      the Ruhr district on the eve of the 1st World War].
AB  - The heterogeneous experience of older industrial workers on the job, in the labor
      market, and in their families prevented the development of a consciousness
      recognizing old age as a political problem. Industrial social policies for old
      age or disability appeared earlier than state programs and continued to play an
      important role even after the start of social insurance in Germany. The low
      public pensions and the increasingly uncertain family support of the elderly made
      supplementary private benefits very attractive. Before 1914, however, in the
      debate between labor unions and business about the rigid rules of private pension
      funds and their use for social control, the problems of aging workers became
      highly politicized. Drawing upon examples from Krupp and Gutehoffnungshutte, the
      article emphasizes that these industrial social policies were aimed at
      maintaining a division between mobile and permanently employed workers as well as
      limiting the influence of the labor movement.

PMID- 6372278
TI  - Geriatrics: a specialty in search of specialists.
AB  - This paper explores the historical reasons why geriatrics has failed to become a
      popular specialty in America. Focusing upon the nineteenth and early twentieth
      centuries, it examines the medical theories and ideas that led to the creation of
      a specialty in the diseases of old age. According to Haber, these beliefs caused
      many would-be geriatricians to be extremely reluctant to devote themselves to the
      new field. While such physicians were often convinced that a separate practice
      for the old was both theoretically valid and necessary, they were far less sure
      of the ultimate usefulness of their work. The prevailing model of senescence
      portrayed old age as a progressive, incurable disease, and the elderly as the
      most difficult and trying of patients. Medically, as well as economically,
      geriatrics seemed to have little appeal. The author concludes that these beliefs
      still influence many physicians' conception of geriatrics; it remains a specialty
      in search of specialists.

PMID- 6372279
TI  - [The church and old age in history and in the present].
AB  - Firstly, the considerable cultural-historical efficiency of the biblical belief
      is shown in its influence upon the status and the self-comprehension of elderly
      people. The Old Testamental monotheism leads to the disenchantment of man and a
      sober judgement of age, free of superstition. The theology of grace in the New
      Testament teaches the old to look upon the Lord hopefully, despite all deficits
      of life, instead of ending in a desperate balance of life. In the course of
      ecclesiastical history the basic biblical positions have mainly been kept till
      the 19th century with social efficiency, despite a certain narrowness by
      patriarchalism. Industrialisation however, was accompanied by a theological
      development, which did rather follow philosophical fashions of that time than
      social requirement. In connection with empirical Gerontology some Protestant
      theologians have tried a new concretisation of the fourth commandment for our
      time and conditions of life for more than one decade.

PMID- 6372280
TI  - [The elderly and social change--an interdisciplinary study on Sweden in the 19th
      and 20th centuries].
AB  - This research report presents an overview of historical studies within the
      context of the interdisciplinary Swedish project on aging. The author discusses
      the project's conceptual framework and focuses on conflict theory and exchange
      theory as major models. The empirical studies concern changes in the provisions
      for old age and in the aging processes of the major social groups (farmers, rural
      proletarians, urban artisans and their wives, male and female industrial
      workers). The project aims at integrating a life course perspective in the
      analysis of social change. Class and gender are underlined as major forces in
      shaping the status of the aged in the last two centuries.

PMID- 6372281
TI  - [Determination of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) with the substrates H2O2 and p
      hydroxyphenylacetic acid (HPA) in the fluorescence enzyme immunoassay].

PMID- 6372282
TI  - [Immunofluorescent optical detection of antibodies against skeletal muscles in
      isolated myofibrils].

PMID- 6372283
TI  - [Astrocytic response in alcoholic cirrhotic encephalopathy (immunohistochemical
      study)].
AB  - In human alcoholic cirrhotic encephalopathy, most of astrocytes of the cerebral
      cortex appear as Alzheimer type II cells. Thus, they cannot be visualized by the
      immunocytochemical detection of Glial Fibrillary Acidic protein (GFAP). However,
      fibrous astrocytes present in layer I of the cortex and in the vicinity of the
      white matter are GFAP positive. This special reactivity of layer I astrocytes
      could correspond to the persistance of the characters of primitive neuropil.

PMID- 6372284
TI  - Immune serum against anti-DNA-8-methoxypsoralen photoadduct.
AB  - Specific immune serum against photo-damaged DNA with the photoadducts of 8
      methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) was obtained. The antigenic determinant is a
      polynucleotide chain with a mono-photoadduct: a coumarin moiety of psoralen
      linked through a cyclobutane ring to the 5,6-bond of thymine. The specific rabbit
      antiserum was used in the immunofluorescence method, for the detection of
      photodamaged DNA in the kinetoplasts and nuclei of unicellular organisms
      Crithidia luciliae, in the nuclei of snap-frozen tissue of mammals, and in human
      blood lymphocytes. Detection by the immunofluorescence method was limited by
      psoralen availability in situ; the psoralen concentration should be in the range
      0.05-0.2 microgram/cm2 on specimens submitted to a topical application or about 1
      microgram/ml in cell suspension. The long-wave ultraviolet light (UV-A) exposure
      dose applied to the nuclei should exceed 1 J/cm2.

PMID- 6372285
TI  - A monoclonal antibody raised against adult Schistosoma mansoni which recognizes a
      surface antigen on schistosomula.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody has been raised by immunizing a mouse with an isolated
      tegumental preparation of adult Schistosoma mansoni. The hybridoma designated
      NIMP/M.47, secreted an IgG2a antibody which was positive by indirect
      immunofluorescence with live schistosomula of S. mansoni, but not with live
      schistosomula of S. bovis, or with other living life cycle stages of S. mansoni.
      In complement-dependent, or cell-mediated in vitro cytotoxicity assays, the
      monoclonal antibody mediated levels of schistosomular killing as high as those
      obtained with sera from infected mice. No significant protection, however, was
      obtained in passive transfer experiments. NIMP/M47 was specific for a 20,000
      dalton polypeptide in the schistosomular surface, which was also recognized by
      serum from infected mice.

PMID- 6372286
TI  - [Use of the AO plate as external fixation].
AB  - There are severe bony lesions in trauma and orthopedic surgery which are
      difficult to stabilize with all the well known methods. The use of a ASIF-plate
      applied as an external fixation can be a good alternative in exceptional
      situations. Those cases are discussed.

PMID- 6372287
TI  - A. Carole Pratt, D.D.S., named to top ten business women of ABWA (American
      Business Women's Association).

PMID- 6372288
TI  - Clinical controversies.

PMID- 6372289
TI  - Regeneration of the connective tissue attachment after citric acid
      demineralization in periodontal flap surgery: a review of the literature.

PMID- 6372290
TI  - The great depression, 1929-1940: an era of reform.

PMID- 6372291
TI  - [Historic observations on obstetrical disproportion].

PMID- 6372292
TI  - [Mechanisms of age-related changes in immunity studied using heterochronous
      chimeras].

PMID- 6372293
TI  - [25 years of the activities of the Institute of Gerontology of the Academy of
      Medical Sciences of the USSR in the development of the science of aging].

PMID- 6372294
TI  - [Mitochondrial changes during aging].

PMID- 6372295
TI  - [Aging and cell function specificity].

PMID- 6372296
TI  - [Quantitative study of the microflora of healthy skin].

PMID- 6372297
TI  - Adult spina bifida survey in Scotland: educational attainment and employment.
AB  - A survey of Scottish Spina Bifida Association members born prior to 30th
      September 1964 was carried out. A personal interview by one of two counselling
      officers was arranged. Twenty adult members were not available for interview. The
      remaining 126 were and the data was analysed. The primary, secondary and tertiary
      educational pattern and attainment are presented, with the pattern of employment
      of this group of individuals. Many adults had completed tertiary education
      courses but large numbers were unemployed. Those in employment received salaries
      lower than would be expected from their educational achievements, despite being
      reliable employees who required little sick leave and holding down their jobs for
      several years. Much requires to be done to inform potential employers of the
      capabilities of this group of people.

PMID- 6372298
TI  - Spina bifida adults.
AB  - Questionnaire data were obtained from 137 spina bifida adults aged 18-25 years
      and additional more sensitive information was obtained by interviewing 35 of
      them. Although 52% had attended college, many found the courses of little
      relevance to finding employment. 45% had been employed at some time, but only 23%
      were presently employed. Employability was significantly related to degree of
      handicap, and job retention was significantly higher in males. 14% lived away
      from home, but many more wished to do so. Only 3% were married and 24% had a
      boyfriend / girlfriend . The most common health problems were of the urinary
      tract (38%) and pressure sores (26%).

PMID- 6372299
TI  - Hospital service for young adults with spina bifida and hydrocephalus.
AB  - Developments in surgical treatment for spina bifida and hydrocephalus during the
      '60s means that there is now a large group of severely disabled young people and
      adults with increasing and special problems. A survey was therefore carried out
      by ASBAH between October 1981 and October 1982 into the provision of hospital
      services for young people with spina bifida and hydrocephalus when they became
      too old for paediatric services, and especially into the system of transfer to
      adult provision. 370 questionnaires were returned out of 3,000 sent out. The
      information acquired related to the number and variety of hospitals attended, the
      type of medical supervision and the problems encountered in seeking treatment and
      advice. The indications are that specialist treatment and understanding are not
      available except in very few cases. Examples of current practice in the UK and
      abroad are cited and some conclusions drawn as to possible solutions.

PMID- 6372300
TI  - Comparison of spina bifida, hydrocephalic patients and matched controls on
      neuropsychological tests.
AB  - Thirty adolescents with spina bifida and hydrocephalus were matched for age and
      I.Q. with thirty controls of different aetiology. A battery of eleven
      neuropsychological measures including the Wechsler Intelligence Scale, conceptual
      and planning skills, simple motor speed, simple tactile sensitivity, complex
      motor skill and complex tactile perception were administered to both groups. The
      index subjects differed from the controls in having a greater difference between
      verbal and performance I.Q., better complex motor skills, and slower left hand
      finger tapping speed. A step-wise multiple linear regression analysis correctly
      identified 80% of the subjects using the above three measures as the
      discriminating variables.

PMID- 6372301
TI  - The social management of children with spina bifida who are unlikely to survive.
AB  - This study indicates: A need for education in the labour ward and in the initial
      handling of the family. A need to defend the family from initial inadequate
      advice. The child's deformity and death should be handled in the context of the
      parents' own family culture.

PMID- 6372302
TI  - Cellular zinc accumulation in anencephaly and spina bifida.
AB  - Cultured skin fibroblasts were established from three newborns with NTDs (2 with
      anencephaly, one with SB), a 12-year-old with SB and three controls. Cells were
      plated at confluent densities and incubated with 65ZnCl2 for 2, 6, and 24 hours,
      or at subconfluent densities for 1-7 days. Radioactivity and DNA were determined
      in whole cell sonicates. Zinc uptake by confluent NTD cells was similar to
      controls at 2 hours, but was lower at 24 hours (p less than 0.001). In
      subconfluent cultures in log-phase growth, NTD cells accumulated greater amounts
      of zinc per microgram DNA than a control at 2-4 days (p less than 0.001) but did
      not differ at 1 and 7 days. Decreased zinc uptake in static cultures, and
      increased zinc accumulation in growing cultures, suggest that one or more
      cellular defects of zinc bioavailability may contribute to the pathogenesis of
      NTDs in some patients.

PMID- 6372303
TI  - Infection as a cause of peritoneal catheter dysfunction in ventriculo-peritoneal
      shunting in children.
AB  - Peritoneal catheter dysfunction is a significant complication of VP shunting in
      children. Improvement in technique and material should reduce complications such
      as detachment and breakage. Shunt infection, even if subclinical, should be
      suspected as the cause of early peritoneal catheter obstruction, especially if
      recurrent, as well as in cases of organ perforation. Cultures, prolonged if
      necessary, should be taken and infection should be treated prior to shunt
      revision. We have had no recurrence of infection or peritoneal catheter
      dysfunction after treatment with exteriorization of the infected shunt,
      antibiotic therapy and insertion of a new shunt on the contralateral side. In
      infected cases antibiotic therapy, both pre- and intra-operatively, should be a
      matter of course. With these precautions a better result with the ventriculo
      peritoneal shunt should be achieved.

PMID- 6372304
TI  - A survey of the problems of bowel management experienced by families of spina
      bifida children.
AB  - Questionnaires were circulated to the parents of spina bifida children. 105
      responses were received, representing a third of all families contacted. Of these
      over 50% indicated bowel management to be a problem, and this finding was not
      related to the child's age or the method used. Families who complained of bowel
      management difficulties were also likely to report similar problems with bladder
      management. The responsibility of bowel management rested entirely with the
      mothers, and 71% of the sample indicated that they had not received formal advice
      or training in bowel management. The problems raised related mainly to social
      aspects of incontinence.

PMID- 6372305
TI  - [Fixed or removable dentures? A situation analysis].

PMID- 6372306
TI  - [The right choice in dental prosthetics].

PMID- 6372307
TI  - [Rigid or non-rigid; fiction or reality? Thoughts on the function and
      parafunction of denture combinations].

PMID- 6372308
TI  - [The care of clasp-bearing teeth with cast fillings under a model-cast
      prosthesis].

PMID- 6372309
TI  - [1st results with the Treponema pallidum hemagglutination (TPHA) test in blood
      stains].
AB  - Bloodstains were produced from probationers who had had syphilis at some time in
      their lives and from others whose anamnesis had no indication of syphilis. After
      storage the stain eluates underwent the treponema-pallidum-haemagglutination
      (TPHA) test, with the eluates' IgG content being adapted to a concentration
      adequate to the test conditions. The results received from the stain eluates of
      the previous syphilis patients corresponded in 85% of the cases with the serum
      findings of these probationers. It appears that the TPHA test can already provide
      clues as to the identity of an unknown stain producer at the beginning of the
      police investigation. Methodical parallels to dried-blood tests of syphilis as a
      clinical problem will be discussed.

PMID- 6372310
TI  - [The value of the Emit-dau system in the examination of cadaveric urine].
AB  - Randomly taken postmortem urine samples (170) were analyzed by the Emit-dau
      system for their barbiturate and benzodiazepine content. Of the samples, 23% and
      25% were found positive for barbiturate and benzodiazepine, respectively. The
      percentages of the positive samples were reduced by a heating process to 9% and
      11%, respectively. TLC and Emit-st were used for reference procedures. The
      relative high percentage (above 30%) of the urine samples analyzed exhibited
      elevated lysozyme activity and protein value. It was found that the disturbing
      proteins in the Emit-dau system contained not only endogene lysozyme but other
      thermolabile fractions with higher molecular weight.

PMID- 6372311
TI  - [Cell electrophoresis studies of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients
      following kidney transplantation].
AB  - In 111 patients (control group, dialysis patients, kidney recipients) the
      behaviour of T lymphocytes was observed using an automatic measuring apparatus (
      Parmoquant cytopherometer ) and the spontaneous rosette test. The Parmoquant
      method gives no information on the process of rejection, but it helps to identify
      risk situations due to bacteria of viruses. In cases of rejection after the
      second post-operative week, the results of the two methods are reversed.

PMID- 6372312
TI  - [Hemodynamic effects of an alpha-adrenergic blockade following experimental
      kidney transplantation].
AB  - The experiments were made to determine whether alpha-adrenergic blockade would
      reverse the vascular spasm in kidney grafts exposed to a warm ischaemia time of
      30 min and 24 hr cold storage. Total vascular resistance per unit kidney mass,
      hematocrit, urinary flow, plasma and urine concentrations of creatinine, [Na+]
      and [K+], blood gases, renal O2 consumption and acid-base balance were studied in
      21 anaesthetized dogs before and after kidney transplantation and administration
      of the blocking agent. Seven dogs were used to evaluate the effects of warm and
      cold ischemic stress on graft circulation and function without blockade (group
      1). In the remaining dogs the blockade was induced by infusion of phentolamine
      (100 micrograms/kg/min) over 20 min. Controlled normal level of blood pressure
      was maintained throughout the experiments by infusion of 10% dextran 40 in saline
      (group 2) or by blood transfusion (group 3). Despite of interruption of neural
      pathways phentolamine induced a marked decrease in graft vascular resistance
      ranging from 89.2% +/- 5.9 (group 2) to 78.5% +/- 6.7 (group 3) in relation to
      the difference between the resistances before and after transplantation. In
      contrast, the decrease in vascular resistance of untreated grafts amounted only
      to 10.7% +/- 7.8 within a recirculation period of 4 1/2 hours. The increased
      renal blood flow following the blockade was associated with a considerable rise
      in urine flow and urinary excretion of creatinine, [Na+] and [K+] and a
      significant decrease in their plasma levels. The reduced O2 utilization by the
      grafts and the metabolic acidosis remained unchanged. These results indicate that
      phentolamine caused an effective suppression of vasoconstriction in kidney grafts
      exposed to warm ischemia and cold storage reflecting the intensive sympathetic
      activity under these conditions. Although the recovery of ischemic damaged
      tubular cells in this way was not acutely effected, the pharmacological
      enhancement of the cortical and medullary blood supply in the early
      posttransplant period may be helpful for overcoming the acute tubular necrosis
      and for preventing the development of hypertension due to the augmented release
      of vasodepressive medullary hormones.

PMID- 6372313
TI  - [Our surgical heritage: The tragic destinies of surgeons. 1882: the tragedy of
      "Dr. Block from Danzig"].
AB  - Without knowing from each other 3 young German surgeons, Th. Gluck, H. Schmid and
      Dr. Block from Danzig carried out experimental work in lung surgery, Block also
      in cardiac surgery. The fatal outcome of a lung operation in a young woman aimed
      at resecting the apex of the lung (removal of a supposed tuberculous focus)
      induced him to commit suicide.

PMID- 6372314
TI  - [Our surgical heritage. Aulus (Aurelius) Cornelius Celsus (25 B.C. - 50 A.D.) -
      father of plastic surgery].

PMID- 6372315
TI  - [Isolation and identification of Enterobacteriaceae].

PMID- 6372316
TI  - Identification of a reservoir of leptospira interrogans serovar muenchen in voles
      (Microtus agrestis and Clethrionomys glareolus) in England.
AB  - Infection with leptospires of the Australis serogroup is widespread in voles in
      Southern England and the serovar identification of five randomly-selected
      isolates was determined by cross agglutination absorption. Two isolates from
      short-tailed voles (Microtus agrestis) and three isolates from bank voles
      (Clethrionomys glareolus) were all identified as serovar muenchen. The only
      previous isolation of this serovar is that from a human in Germany.

PMID- 6372317
TI  - Colistin inhibition of mannose-resistant haemagglutination by K88-positive and
      K99-positive escherichia coli strains. A preliminary report.
AB  - Two enteropathogenic E. coli strains isolated from a calf and a piglet succumbed
      to diarrhoea were studied. The bovine strain carried K99-antigen and the porcine
      strain was K88-positive. Both strains agglutinated pig erythrocytes in the
      presence of D-mannose. In the test a bacterial cell density of 3 x 10(9) per ml
      and doubling dilutions hereof were used. The haemagglutination titres were 16 and
      128, respectively. When the bacteria were exposed to colistin before mixing with
      the red cells, haemagglutination was inhibited completely with 1.0 and 0.5
      microgram/mg of colistin. At a colistin concentration of 0.25 microgram/ml (1/4
      1/2 of the MIC's) the titres were lowered by a factor of 16-32.

PMID- 6372318
TI  - [Plasmid patterns of Salmonella typhimurium lysotype n.c. 1/72/n.c. strains from
      East Germany].
AB  - Salmonella typhimurium strains isolated in the German Democratic Republic between
      1972 and 1980 mainly belong to phage type n.c.1/72/n.c. and biochemotype b.
      Nearly all of these strains are characterized by an identical basic plasmid
      pattern. Thus, they may be considered to be independent isolates of the same
      epidemic strain. Moreover, some multiple drug resistant offsprings of that
      epidemic strain have been characterized by their carriage of an additional IncH-1
      R plasmid. However, a few strains of phage type n.c.1/72/n.c. were found to
      differ fundamentally in their plasmid patterns from that of the epidemic strain.
      The phage pattern of these strains is determined by a conjugative R plasmid
      belonging to the incompatibility group IncI4. Despite of the same phage- and
      biochemotype these strains must be considered non-related with the epidemic
      strain, therefore. The analysing of the plasmid pattern of bacterial strains
      turns out to be an important contribution to the investigation of epidemic
      processes.

PMID- 6372319
TI  - Nitrate reduction in so-called nitrate reductase (NR) negative strains of the
      genus Mycobacterium.
AB  - The goal of our present investigations was to complete our knowledge concerning
      the actual ability to reduce nitrate within the genus Mycobacterium and to
      eliminate previously reported results like "weakly reaction" or "variable
      reactions". The influence of conditions like reaction temperature and reaction
      time, substrate concentration, H+-donors, ammonia and the presence of the nitrate
      reductase were studied. The results can be summated as follows: 1. The nitrate
      reductase is more widespread within the genus Mycobacterium than it has been
      reported by other previous investigators. - 2. Previously doubtful results can be
      understood. - 3. By means of proper experimental conditions M. chelonei ssp.
      borstelense can be easily separated from M. chelonei ssp. chelonei, although,
      according to Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, they are recommended
      as synonyms.

PMID- 6372320
TI  - Studies of polyarthritis caused by Mycoplasma arthritidis in rats. II.
      Serological investigation of rats experimentally infected with M. arthritidis ISR
      1.
AB  - In sera of rats which developed severe polyarthritis after infection with 10(9)
      CFU of Mycoplasma arthritidis ISR 1, antibodies against M. arthritidis could be
      detected by the complement fixation test (CFT), enzyme immune assay (EIA),
      indirect hemagglutination (IHA), and metabolic inhibition test (MIT). Peak titers
      (CFT - 1:4096, EIA - 1:2560, IHA - 1:640 and MIT - 1:64) were reached between 2
      and 12 weeks after infection. The antibodies persisted for at least 9 months, but
      started to decrease gradually 5 to 7 months after infection. No antibodies
      against M. arthritidis could be detected in the growth inhibition test. Immune
      complexes were found 4 days after infection. They decreased rapidly during the
      first two months after infection after which they increased again. At no time,
      rheumatoid factors could be detected. Rats which had recovered from the
      polyarthritis induced by intravenous injection of M. arthritidis ISR 1 were
      resistant to a subsequent infection.

PMID- 6372321
TI  - Hydrogen peroxide-mediated antagonism against serratia marcescens by
      Streptococcus mitis.
AB  - The alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus mitis strain no. 17-1, isolated from the oral
      cavity of an healthy female adult, antagonized the growth of all 24 test strains
      of Serratia marcescens examined; furthermore, this strain inhibited the growth of
      various strains of Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes,
      S. agalactiae, S. pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Listeria monocytogenes, and
      Corynebacterium diphtheriae. However, strans of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter
      cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa proved refractory. The
      mechanism of microbial antagonism was due to production and release of hydrogen
      peroxide under aerobic atmospheric conditions, which was neutralized through
      incorporation of bovine liver catalase into the solid assay medium.

PMID- 6372323
TI  - Colicine production and colicine sensitivity typing of nephropathogenic serotypes
      of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Usefulness of colicine sensitivity typing and colicine production typing methods
      of E. coli strains from UTI was different. Colicine sensitivity typing appeared
      to be useless because of too high proportion of different types and low
      reproducibility of results. The advantage of the colicinogenotyping was the
      possibility of conducting more detailed analysis of strains belonging to one
      serotype as well as of differentiating a part of NT and Aut strains. Reduction of
      Abbott-Shannon's set to 6 indicator strains did not limit the practical value of
      the set for differentiation of E. coli strains. The great number of different
      colicinogenic types among strains belonging to serotype 06 pointed to
      nonhomogenecity of this serotype. The colicinogenic pattern 2 being more frequent
      in UTI was colicine V producer in 93,2%. Serotype 06 and 075 were colicine V
      producers in smaller percentages than other NPG and NT strains. In the light of
      our investigations it seems that correlation between the resistance of E. coli to
      colicines, colicine production and pathogenicity was doubtful.

PMID- 6372322
TI  - Hemolytic Escherichia coli strains in the human fecal flora as potential urinary
      pathogens.
AB  - Hemolysin production is presumed to be a virulence factor in extraintestinal,
      e.g. urinary tract, infections caused by Escherichia coli. In order to
      investigate its incidence among the fecal flora, particularly in combination with
      other presumptive virulence factors, 369 and 373 fecal isolates from Wurzburg,
      FRG and Lima, Peru respectively were examined. 12% of the former and 4% of the
      latter were hemolytic (Hly+) compared to 33% of 249 E. coli strains isolated from
      urinary tract infections in Wurzburg. In comparison to those which were non
      hemolytic (Hly-), Hly+ fecal E. coli isolates were associated to a far greater
      extent with other factors implicated in urinary tract virulence. 41% of these
      Hly+ strains (cf. 8% Hly-) possessed mannose resistant hemagglutination (MRHA
      types V, VI, VII). In addition they belonged to the "common O serogroups" O1, O2,
      O4, O6, O7, O8, O18, O25, O75 in 61% of cases (cf. 25% Hly-) and they possessed
      K5 antigen in 13% of instances (cf. 2.5% Hly-). The occurrence of these three
      virulence factors among Hly+ fecal E. coli strains is very similar to that
      observed among E. coli urinary isolates. One may conclude that these Hly+ fecal
      strains constitute a "pool" of potential urinary tract pathogens.

PMID- 6372324
TI  - Intravenous injection of mice with bacteroides fragilis and Escherichia coli:
      role of Thioglycollate medium in the infectious process.
AB  - Mice were intravenously infected with E. coli, B. fragilis, and combinations of
      both, and the bacterial contents of livers, kidneys, and spleens were monitored
      from the first up to the 9th day postinfection. If Thioglycollate medium was
      added to otherwise sublethal doses of E. coli, the inoculum was able to induce
      severe and for some animals lethal infections. B. fragilis was not capable to
      produce prolonged infections; however, when given together with E. coli and
      Thioglycollate medium, both bacteria were recovered from some animal organs even
      on day 9 postinfection. Employing this experimental model of a mixed
      anaerobic/facultative bacterial infection, previous reports attributing animal
      lethality to E. coli were confirmed, but a synergism between E. coli and B.
      fragilis could not be demonstrated.

PMID- 6372325
TI  - Investigations on beta-lactamase stability of recently developed beta-lactam
      compounds: study of enzyme kinetics.
AB  - The plasmid-mediated TEM-1 enzyme (E. coli K12 R6K) and chromosomally mediated
      enzymes from Enterobacter cloacae (IEP 8.5) and Citrobacter freundii (IEP 9.5)
      were highly purified. Enzyme kinetics were studied with various therapeutic
      compounds as substrates and lamoxactam, azthreonam, and N-formimidoyl thienamycin
      as inhibitors. Lamoxactam and azthreonam failed to inhibit the TEM-1 enzyme,
      whereas N-formimidoyl thienamycin was a competitive inhibitor. KI was 5 mumol/l-
      thus corresponding to KM--and independent of the substrate. With respect to
      chromosomally mediated enzymes, there was a time-dependent inhibition of beta
      lactam hydrolysis. KI ranged from 0.06 to 0.2 mumol/l in dependence of the
      inhibitor. Enzyme kinetics suggested a non-competitive type of inhibition thus
      indicating that binding of these compounds to both chromosomally mediated enzymes
      must be followed by a further reaction step. It is evident that the stability
      against beta-lactamases of recently developed compounds is based on different
      mechanisms--characteristic for the enzyme being considered.

PMID- 6372326
TI  - Comparative evaluation of the enzyme immunoassay and the immunofluorescence test
      for the detection of chlamydial group antibodies in human sera.
AB  - The usefulness of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in detecting
      chlamydial group antibodies in human sera was evaluated by comparing the results
      with a standard micro-immunofluorescence test (micro-IF). Of the 176 samples
      tested, 94.9% sera gave concordant results, 23.9% being positive and 71% negative
      by both the tests. ELISA detected specific antibodies in 33.3% and 13.5% sera
      from poultry associated and unassociated individuals respectively while
      corresponding figures by IF test were 36.3% and 16.2% (p less than 0.01). The IF
      and ELISA titres of five immune serum samples from monkeys when compared with
      conventional complement fixation (CF) test were found to be consistently higher.
      Though the two tests were found to be parallel in sensitivity and specificity (r
      = 0.94), IF had a marginal superiority over ELISA, while the latter could be
      performed more easily and read objectively.

PMID- 6372327
TI  - Lipolytic and proteolytic properties of staphylococci.
AB  - Lipolytic and proteolytic activities were estimated in coagulase-positive and
      coagulase-negative strains of human origin. Several different substrates were
      used for determination of these activities. Staphylococcus aureus strains were
      very frequently lipolytic (95%) and proteolytic (87.5%). Among coagulase-negative
      strains, 85.4% were proteolytic and 10.25% exhibited lipolytic activity.

PMID- 6372328
TI  - Interference of alpha-hemolytic streptococci isolated from tonsillar surface on
      beta-hemolytic streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes)--a methodological study.
AB  - The interference between alpha-streptococcal strains obtained from patients with
      repeated tonsillitis and a collection of group A streptococcal strains were
      studied. For this purpose three in vitro methods were designed and compared. The
      results obtained by a simple plating technique suitable for screening purposes
      were found to correlate well with those using more laborious techniques. In a
      limited scale some of the alpha- and beta-streptococcal combinations were tested
      under in vivo conditions using a tissue cage model allowing repeated sampling. In
      most instances agreement between the results of the in vitro and in vivo methods
      was registered. Several alpha-strains having inhibitory capacity to the majority
      of a collection of group A streptococci belonging to different serotypes were
      found, but also alpha-strains with an inhibitory activity restricted to few group
      A isolates within a certain serotype. Also beta-streptococcal strains with growth
      inhibiting activity towards some alpha-strains were found. As the methods were
      chosen to eliminate many of the unspecific inhibitory factors and the beta
      hemolytic test strains showed a pattern of inhibition that varied for each of the
      reference alpha-strains the activity is most likely attributed to bacteriocin
      like substances.

PMID- 6372329
TI  - Rapid detection of bacteriuria in bacteriological routine laboratory: comparison
      between bioluminescence method and culture techniques.
AB  - Results of a comparative study for the detection of significant bacteriuria
      (greater than 10(5)/ml) under routine conditions in 300 urine samples were
      reported. The urine specimens were obtained from patients of different clinical
      departments of our university hospital. Only midstream urines were investigated.
      The results from ATP determination with bioluminescence, quantitative
      determination of colony forming units and a semiquantitative method with standard
      loop were compared. The obtained data with different methods show a good
      correlation. Only four cases (1.3 per cent) were classified false negative and 10
      urines (3.3 per cent) false positive with the bioluminescence method. In contrast
      to the conventional methods the results from bioluminescence assay can be
      obtained within 30 min.

PMID- 6372330
TI  - [Results with the IgM-FTA-Abs and IgM-TPHA tests in the study of seropositive
      syphilitic sera].
AB  - The IgM fraction was separated by gel filtration chromatography from patient sera
      which were positive in the FTA-abs-test as well as in the TPHA-test. After
      absorption the isolated IgM fraction was tested for specific IgM antibodies
      against Treponema pallidum in the IgM-FTA-abs- and also in the IgM-TPHA-test. The
      following results were obtained: Both IgM tests often showed positive reactions
      even with negative results in the cardiolipin complement fixation assay (CFA)
      (Tables 1 and 2). In most positive cases specific IgM was detectable with both
      IgM tests in the same sample (Table 3). The CFA titers were low (less than 1:20)
      in the majority of cases which did not have detectable IgM (Tables 1 and 3). The
      CFA titers were prevailingly high (greater than 1:20) where the IgM tests gave
      positive results (Table 1 and 3). Clinical symptoms of active syphilis were only
      reported for cases with high CFA titer and positive IgM tests in the same sample.
      Therefore only these latter results of diagnostic tests can be clearly
      interpreted to indicate a requirement for specific therapy against syphilis.

PMID- 6372331
TI  - Immunoperoxidase staining of leptospires in blood and urine.
AB  - Immunoperoxidase staining of leptospires is a relatively simple method giving
      satisfactory results. Leptospires can be identified by the specificity of the
      serological reaction and by their characteristic morphology. The method could
      contribute to a rapid diagnosis by the direct demonstration of leptospires in
      clinical specimens.

PMID- 6372332
TI  - Significance of Chlamydia trachomatis in "abacterial" prostatitis.
AB  - Chlamydia (C.) trachomatis was isolated in McCoy cell cultures from urethral
      swabs after prostatic massage, of 43 out of 233 patients (18.5%) with symptoms of
      "abacterial" prostatitis, but also from 5 out of 65 control persons (7.7%).
      Numbers of granulocytes in sediments of cytocentrifuged urine voided after
      prostatic massage were normal (less than or equal to 2, magn. 400 X) in all 65
      control persons, but were increased in 26 out of 43 patients with symptoms of
      "abacterial" prostatitis (greater than or equal to 4, magn. 400 X). Using an (H +
      L) chain specific anti-IgG FITC conjugate, microimmunofluorescence tests for
      detection of antibodies against C. trachomatis could be performed with the sera
      of all 65 control persons and with those of 37 out of the 43 patients. All
      control persons, even those five with positive C. trachomatis culture, were
      serologically negative (titer less than 1:8), while in 13 out of 15 C.
      trachomatis positive patients with a definitive diagnosis of "abacterial"
      prostatitis, humoral antibodies with titers of greater than or equal to 1:8,
      predominantly against serotypes I, J, E, and G, were detected. Serological
      results correlated well with granulocyte counts in urines after prostatic
      massage. Patients with symptoms of "abacterial" prostatitis with normal
      granulocyte counts (less than or equal to 2) and negative serology (titer less
      than 1:8) were considered suffering from "prostatodynia".

PMID- 6372333
TI  - [Effect of sequential preparation with ethinyl estradiol sulfonate soft gelatin
      capsules and norethindrone acetate on carbohydrate metabolism].
AB  - An intravenous glucose tolerance test (i.v.GTT) was done before and after 6
      months of using a sequential-type oral contraceptive in form of a weekly pill
      containing 0,6 mg ethinylestradiol-sulfonate (EES) soft gelatin capsules and 10
      mg norethisterone acetate (NEA). 17 fertile, eumetabolic women are examined .
      There was no change neither average fasting blood glucose nor glucose
      assimilation after intake of ethinylestradiol. Basal as well as reactive insulin
      values increased by longer period of intake.

PMID- 6372334
TI  - The effect of dietary zinc bacitracin on the resistance status of intestinal
      Escherichia coli and enterococci from broiler chickens.

PMID- 6372335
TI  - Evaluation of immunofluorescence staining of skin for the diagnosis of rabies.

PMID- 6372336
TI  - Pathology of experimental colibacillosis in rabbits.

PMID- 6372337
TI  - [Epidemiologic studies of the clinical forms of neuroses (review of the
      literature)].

PMID- 6372338
TI  - [Strumpell's familial spastic paralysis (review of the literature)].

PMID- 6372339
TI  - [Clinico-morphologic analysis of 3 cases of subacute spongiotic encephalopathy
      (Creutzfeldt-Jakob syndrome)].
AB  - This is a report on three patients with the diagnosis of Creutzfeld-Jakob's
      disease, presenting clinical descriptions of the disease and the results of
      histological studies. The tasks of further research into various aspects of this
      slow infection are discussed.

PMID- 6372340
TI  - [Psychological studies of intellectual deficiency (review)].

PMID- 6372341
TI  - Professor Jozef Heller 1896-1982.

PMID- 6372342
TI  - Mutagenesis induced by 5-bromouracil and methyl methane sulfonate: role of DNA
      polymerase I.
AB  - A polA1 mutation in the DNA polymerase I gene of E. coli results in a drastic
      reduction of the frequency of mutagenesis induced by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine
      (BUdR). Comparisons of the effect of a polA1 mutation on mutagenesis induced by
      methyl methane sulfonate (MMS), ultraviolet irradiation (UV) and 2-aminopurine (2
      AP) demonstrated that a similar effect of a polA1 mutation is observed with MMS.
      This effect is much less marked with UV-and-2-AP-induced mutagenesis. It follows
      that DNA polymerase I plays a key role in the process of mutagenesis induced by
      BU and MMS. Bearing in mind that mutagenesis provoked by UV, MMS and BU involves
      participation of the accompanying induced error-prone system, the sources of the
      differences in requirement for DNA polymerase I are critically examined.

PMID- 6372343
TI  - Studies on protein biosynthesis at the Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics,
      Polish Academy of Sciences, initiated by Professor J. Heller in 1956.

PMID- 6372344
TI  - [Use of fibrin glue in orthopedics].

PMID- 6372345
TI  - Effect of surgical trauma on plasma insulin and somatostatin in response to
      glucose.
AB  - The role of somatostatin for the suppression of insulin release in the early post
      traumatic phase was investigated by measurement of somatostatin-like
      immunoreactivity in plasma during an intravenous glucose tolerance test. In
      accordance with previous findings the increase of insulin in response to glucose
      was significantly (p less than 0.001) reduced 2 hours after laparotomy as
      compared to control subjects. Simultaneously plasma somatostatin was decreased
      significantly (p less than 0.05). The present data with hormone determinations in
      peripheral blood does not support the hypothesis that somatostatin, a potent
      inhibitor of insulin release, mediates the insulin suppression in the early
      trauma phase.

PMID- 6372346
TI  - Simple and sensitive method for estimation of antithyroid plasma membrane
      antibodies in the serum of patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases; comparison
      with other assays.
AB  - The ability of protein A from Staphylococcus aureus to interact with Fc fragments
      of IgG was used to estimate the antithyroid plasma membrane antibodies in sera of
      patients with Graves' disease. The results were expressed as an antithyroid
      plasma membrane antibodies (ATMA) index. The ATMA index estimated in 60 healthy
      blood donors varied from 0.57 to 1.28, with a mean value of 0.99, SD theta 0.20.
      The ATMA index in hyperthyroid untreated Graves' disease varied from 1.80 to 8.0,
      with a mean value of 4.7. Autoantibody binding to thyroid plasma membranes could
      be inhibited by (Fab)2 fragments obtained from the serum of patients with Graves'
      disease but not by (Fab)2 fragments obtained from the serum of healthy blood
      donors. The influence of rabbit antithyroglobulin and antimicrosomal antibodies
      on the ATMA index estimation has been evaluated. The ATMA index estimation was
      compared with the thyrotrophin binding inhibiting immunoglobulins (TBII) index
      and with the adenyl cyclase stimulating activity of immunoglobulins obtained from
      92 hyperthyroid Graves' patients. The ATMA index was positive in 97%, the TBII
      index in 62% and TSI in 35% of cases. This method using protein A could also be
      used for estimation of ATMA in other autoimmune thyroid disorders.

PMID- 6372347
TI  - Renin-angiotensin system in hypothyroid rats: effects of potassium iodide and
      triiodo-L-thyronine.
AB  - Kinetic studies of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) were carried out by
      measuring plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma renin concentration (PRC) and
      plasma renin substrate (PRS). Changes in this system were studied during
      hypothyroidism, after administration of propylthiouracil (PTU), and in
      thyroidectomized rats. A significant decrease in PRA and PRC was observed in
      those animals previously treated with PTU. However, a significant increase in
      PRC, and a decrease in PRS, were found in T animals, but no changes in PRA were
      observed. In these animals, after daily administration of potassium iodide for 1
      week (T + KI), no changes in RAS were observed in comparison with T rats.
      Nevertheless, administration of daily doses of triiodo-L-thyronine (T + T3)
      induced a significant increase in PRA, leaving PRC unaltered. In this case the
      changes in PRA were related to the increase in PRS after T3 treatment. These
      results suggest that two different mechanisms were involved in renin release, one
      activated in T rats and the other in pharmacological hypothyroidism.

PMID- 6372348
TI  - Metabolic effects of physical exercise in insulin-dependent diabetics controlled
      by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or conventional injection therapy.
AB  - The metabolic and hormonal response to moderately severe exercise 2 h after
      breakfast was assessed in 8 insulin-dependent diabetics during conventional
      insulin injection therapy and after 3 weeks of continuous sc insulin infusion.
      Blood glucose fell from 12.1 to 4.4 mmol/l on injection therapy; this was
      accompanied by a significant rise (P less than 0.05) in free insulin to 57 mU/l.
      On infusion therapy plasma glucose fell and stabilised at 3.6 mmol/l from pre
      exercise levels of 7.1 mmol/l, while free insulin level was unchanged at the end
      of the exercise period (31 mU/l). The fall in blood glucose on injection therapy
      was accompanied by an exaggerated growth hormone response to exercise that was
      normalised by 3 weeks of infusion therapy. Basal and post-prandial levels of
      intermediary metabolites, catecholamines and glucagon were comparable on the two
      insulin regimens. Responses during exercise were generally similar and no
      different from those of normal subjects, with the exception of plasma NEFA levels
      which became abnormally suppressed. Good metabolic control of diabetes is thus
      accompanied by nearly normal hormonal and metabolic response to moderately severe
      exercise.

PMID- 6372349
TI  - Spontaneous in vitro immunoglobulin secretion at the diagnosis of insulin
      dependent diabetes.
AB  - Blood mononuclear cells obtained from 17 newly diagnosed insulin-dependent
      diabetic (IDDM) patients treated with insulin for 5-7 days were assessed for the
      number of spontaneous and pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated immunoglobulin
      secreting cells in a reverse haemolytic plaque assay. The spontaneous in vitro
      immunoglobulin secretion was evanescent and decreased in individual patients
      within 1-4 months of insulin treatment. Compared to matched controls, 53% (9/17)
      of the IDDM patients had an elevated spontaneous secretion of immunoglobulin, 41%
      (7/17) for IgG, 35% (6/17) for IgM, and 35% (6/17) for IgA. The quantities of PWM
      stimulated IgG, IgM, or IgA secreting cells in IDDM were comparable to the
      controls. The IDDM patients with spontaneous immunoglobulin secreting cells had
      higher fasting C-peptide levels compared to the patients with immunoglobulin
      producing cells within the normal range (P less than 0.05). The average titre of
      islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies was 1:26 in (9 out of 9 were positive) patients
      with, compared to 1:1 in patients (4 out of 8 were positive) without spontaneous
      secretion (P = 0.025). These results suggest that the clinical onset of IDDM is
      associated with a polyclonal B lymphocyte activation and that higher levels of
      fasting C-peptide islet cell antibodies are associated with this immunoregulatory
      abnormality.

PMID- 6372350
TI  - Phosphate flush and glucose metabolism in pancreatic islets of young and old
      diabetic mice (C57BL/KsJ-db/db).
AB  - Pancreatic islets from normal C57BL/KsJ-+/+-mice and diabetic C57BL/KsJ-db/db
      mice were collagenase-isolated and incubated with 33P-labelled inorganic
      phosphate. No significant difference was observed in phosphate uptake between
      normal and diabetic mouse islets whether the animals were young (6-8 weeks) or
      old (27 +/- 9 weeks). When 33P-labelled islets were perifused with non
      radioactive medium, all types of islets exhibited a brisk and transient peak of
      phosphate release in response to a change of glucose concentration from 2.8 to
      16.7 mmol/l. Expressed in absolute terms, both the basal and peak efflux of
      phosphate appeared to be diminished in the diabetic mice. In relative terms (peak
      over basal), the glucose-stimulated phosphate efflux was not lower in diabetic
      than in normal mice. At both a low (3 mmol/l) and a high (20 mmol/l) glucose
      concentration, the production of 3H2O from D-[5-3H]glucose was reduced in old but
      not in young diabetic mouse islets. The percentage increase in glucose metabolism
      in response to a rise in glucose concentration from 3 to 20 mmol/l was about the
      same in all types of islets. The results add to previous observations of
      disturbed ionic fluxes in the pancreatic islets of diabetic KsJ-db/db-mice. These
      effects are probably not due to gross alterations in glycolytic metabolism but
      more probably reflect alterations in the function of the beta-cell plasma
      membrane.

PMID- 6372351
TI  - [Reliability of the extemporaneous biopsy in digestive pathology].

PMID- 6372352
TI  - [Limitations and reliability of cytological diagnosis in gastroenterology].

PMID- 6372353
TI  - [Metaplasia, dysplasia and intramucosal cancer].

PMID- 6372354
TI  - Microbicidal mechanism of neutrophils.

PMID- 6372355
TI  - Embedding, cutting and grinding methods to produce undecalcified cortical bone
      sections over the whole bone.
AB  - Polyethylene bags as a container material are flexible and elastic enough to
      follow the shrinkage of monomers during the polymerization process, since the
      main cause of bubble building in the polymerization material is the shrinkage of
      the monomer methacrylic acid methylester. The polymerization time in polyethylene
      containers is shorter (3-5 days) than in glass containers (1-2 weeks). The length
      of the bone and the thickness of the cutting bone sections are the limiting
      factors for two different cutting and grinding procedures, which were described.

PMID- 6372356
TI  - Possible causes of the loss of specific pBR322-Ad h 1 DNA recombinants following
      transfection.
AB  - Characteristics of pBR322/Ad h 1 DNA recombinants were studied which had been
      cloned using HindIII restriction endonuclease in a single "shot-gun" experiment.
      Both oxytetracycline and ampicillin resistance of the clones were found to be
      heterogeneous. Ad h 1 DNA fragments HindIII-A, and -C could be cloned only in
      combination with other fragments. Among the possible reasons of the loss of
      recombinants upon transfection the impairment of pBR322-specific gene functions
      by the inserts is discussed in addition to the increased tetracycline resistance,
      and the tertiary structure of recombinant DNA.

PMID- 6372357
TI  - Effect of an irradiated Escherichia coli endotoxin reparation on the sensitivity
      to a lymphotropic cytostatic agent in germfree and conventional mice.
AB  - A 18 mg/kg dose of dianhydrodulcitol, a lymphotropic cytostatic agent produced
      the same death rate among germfree as a 12 mg/kg dose did in conventional mice.
      Pretreatment with the same dose of an irradiated immunomodulatory endotoxin
      preparation had increased the sensitivity to these dianhydrodulcitol doses in the
      same degree in germfree as in conventional mice. A study of the lymphoid organs
      and the intestinal wall indicate that both in germfree and conventional mice the
      dianhydrodulcitol sensitivity increasing effect of the endotoxin preparation was
      due to its stimulation of the lymphoid system. The higher resistance of germfree
      mice to dianhydrodulcitol is ascribed to their lack of a normal intestinal flora.

PMID- 6372358
TI  - Bacterial colonization of newborn infants in an intensive care unit.
AB  - Bacterial screening of external ear, umbilical and gastric fluid samples from
      infants at admission to the intensive care unit yielded opportunistic pathogens
      in 22% and 12% in the years 1980 and 1982, respectively. As a result of improved
      hygienic measures and more rational use of antibiotics, bacterial colonization of
      infants staying longer than 3 days decreased from 56% to 19%. Antibiotic
      treatment is not indicated if opportunistic pathogens except Streptococcus
      agalactiae (group B), are cultured from infants without clinical symptoms.

PMID- 6372359
TI  - [Vitamin B12, an analgesic vitamin? Critical examination of the literature].
AB  - Since 1950 it would seem that in some countries vitamin B12 has been regarded as
      a painkilling vitamin. Only one of the 94 published clinical trials fails to
      point to this conclusion, but none of these trials meets current methodological
      requirements for investigation of an analgesic. The hypothesis that vitamin B12
      possesses painkilling properties must therefore be questioned, especially as no
      anti-nociceptive effect is reported in animal experiments.

PMID- 6372360
TI  - A comparison of three dosages of prostaglandin E2 pessaries for ripening the
      unfavourable cervix prior to induction of labor.
AB  - A study was planned to evaluate the effect of Prostaglandin E2 pessaries in three
      different dosages in ripening the unfavourable cervix prior to the induction of
      labor. A single dose of PGE2 as pessary in the three different dosages was
      administered into the posterior vaginal fornix to ripen an unfavourable cervix
      with a Bishop score less than or equal to 4 in 101 primigravid and 79 multigravid
      patients. The pessary containing 2 mgm was as effective as 3 mgm and 5 mgm PGE2
      pessary in ripening the cervix, and the outcome of labor and fetal status were
      similar with the different dosages of PGE2. However, two multigravid patients who
      received 5 mg of PGEs pessary and one multigravid patient who received 3 mg of
      PGE2 pessary developed hypertonic uterine activity. None of the patients who
      received 2 mg PGE2 pessary developed any adverse effect on uterine activity.

PMID- 6372361
TI  - Culture of human endothelial cells derived from capillaries of the decidual
      tissue.
AB  - Human endothelial cells derived from the capillary bed of endometrial decidua
      were studied in vitro using medium 199 supplemented with 20% fetal calf serum.
      Cells in primary and subcultures were identified in parallel by electron
      microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. The abundance of
      microfilaments appearing in small bundles, the micropinocytotic vesicles in the
      cell periphery, the occurrence of characteristic Weibel-Palade bodies and the
      intense and specific fluorescence after decoration with antibodies to Factor VIII
      protein--all were criteria for a positive demonstration of the endothelial
      character in the cell cultures derived from the capillary bed of the human
      decidua. The proliferative activity of the in vitro system was studied by
      autoradiography of the endothelial cells after exposure to [3H]-thymidine at
      various periods of incubation. A statistically highly significant difference (p
      less than 0.001) was found between periods of 4-6 and 6-8 days of incubation and
      between 6-8 and 8-10 days of incubation (p less than 0.01). No such difference
      was found between 8-10 and 10-14 days of incubation. When the medium was switched
      to complete M 199 + 10% fetal calf serum and 10% human plasma containing 76 pg/ml
      of estradiol the thymidine index was 5 to 4 times as high as in the control
      medium after 5 to 6 days of incubation. The results indicate that the in vitro
      system developed on endometrial capillaries derived from human decidua provides a
      stable low background of DNA synthesis against which small amounts of possible
      mediators of endothelial mitoses, e.g. estradiol, progesterone and various
      synthetic progestogens, can be tested.

PMID- 6372362
TI  - The hemostatic effect of tranexamic acid in conisatio colli uteri.
AB  - To evaluate the inhibitory effect of tranexamic acid (AMCA) on increased
      fibrinolyctical activity in connection with conisatio colli uteri we have carried
      out a randomized, double-blind study with patients operated upon partly with an
      open method of operation (80 patients) and partly with modified Sturmdorff
      sutures (150 patients). In connection with the open method the frequency of late
      bleeding decreased from 17.5% to 2.5%, which is significant. The corresponding
      decrease in connection with the other method was from 10.7% to 4.1%. This
      material was not sufficiently large to verify significance. The side effects of
      the prophylactic treatment with AMCA were few. The study indicates that AMCA
      affords good protection against late bleeding in conisatio colli uteri.

PMID- 6372363
TI  - Fetal tachypnea: prognostic significance and treatment.
AB  - We report the case of a pregnant woman with class B diabetes whose fetus,
      examined in utero by means of real-time ultrasound, showed tachypneic breathing
      movements. Having considered the clinical course of this case and of those
      reported in literature, we put forward a hypothesis concerning the pathogenesis
      and the prognostic significance of fetal tachypnea.

PMID- 6372364
TI  - Diabetic retinopathy I. The course of retinopathy in insulin-treated diabetics. A
      one year epidemiological cohort study of diabetes mellitus. The Island of
      Falster, Denmark.
AB  - The course of diabetic retinopathy was investigated in 215 out of 227 insulin
      treated diabetics in a one year epidemiological cohort study. Twelve diabetics,
      all with an onset age greater than or equal to 30 years, could not be re-examined
      due to deaths in 11 diabetics and deny in 1 diabetic. At the one year follow-up
      no change (P greater than 0.10) occurred in the prevalence of background
      retinopathy (50.0% vs 51.6%) or of proliferative retinopathy (16.3% vs 18.6%).
      The one year incidence of newly developed background retinopathy was 3.7% and of
      deteriorated retinopathy 10.7%. Newly developed proliferative retinopathy was
      found in 2.3% of the diabetics after one year. Deterioration of pre-existing
      background retinopathy developed most frequently among diabetics with a diabetes
      duration above 10 years. Deterioration of both background retinopathy and
      proliferative retinopathy showed a sudden onset in some diabetics. Partial sight
      and legal blindness caused by diabetic retinopathy developed in 3.7% of the
      diabetics, respectively.

PMID- 6372365
TI  - Experiences with implantations of the semiflexible McGhan/3M, style 70 anterior
      chamber lens.
AB  - A non-selected group of patients totalling 174 eyes without contraindicating eye
      diseases had the semiflexible McGhan/3M, style 70 anterior chamber lens implanted
      as either a primary or a secondary procedure following intracapsular cataract
      extraction via a corneal incision. Three patients simultaneously underwent a
      penetrating keratoplasty. Vitreous loss and/or rupture of lens capsule did not
      contraindicate the lens implantation, and anterior vitrectomy was always
      performed when vitreous loss occurred. Initially lens implant diameter was
      calculated too high, causing a lens axial corneal astigmatism in 11 patients. In
      the remaining patients a reduced anterior chamber lens diameter was used, and
      corneal astigmatism was accordingly comparable to those of non-anterior chamber
      implanted controls and did not differ significantly. Technical problems
      experienced in the procedure are reported and discussed. None of the implants had
      to be removed due to complications.

PMID- 6372366
TI  - Effect of breathing an oxygen-helium mixture under positive pressure on
      biochemical parameters.
AB  - In 35 subjects the effect of breathing an oxygen-helium mixture or oxygen during
      10 minutes under positive pressure of 40 hPa was studied. Immediately before
      positive-pressure breathing, in the last minute of this breathing, and 30 minutes
      after its and blood samples were taken for investigations. Positive-pressure
      breathing caused in both groups a rise-in the haematocrit value, total protein,
      albumin and glucose levels. The level of lactic acid rose during breathing oxygen
      by 74% and that of pyruvic acid increased by 44%, while during the use of the
      oxygen-helium mixture both these compounds failed to rise during positive
      pressure breathing and 30 minutes after its completion.

PMID- 6372367
TI  - Action of sex-hormones on pancreatic islet function in female domestic duckling.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to examine the action of sex-hormones on the
      endocrine pancreas of the female domestic duckling. Estrogen alone, or in
      combination with progesterone, inhibited mitosis and caused degranulation only in
      the B-cells of the pancreatic islets. A- or D-cells of the islets were not
      affected. Progesterone alone had no effect on any islet cells. It is suggested
      that estrogen may have dual action (mitotic inhibition and beta cell stimulation)
      only on B-cells of the pancreatic islets of the domestic ducklings.

PMID- 6372368
TI  - Certain characteristics of human lymphocyte migration inhibitory factors (LyMIF)
      and the effect of ampicillin on their appearance in unstimulated and PHA
      stimulated cultures.
AB  - Supernatants of human blood mononuclear cells stimulated with PHA, contained
      factors inhibitory for in vitro migration of human lymphocytes and granulocytes.
      After ultrafiltration of supernatants through Amicon PM-10 some stimulatory
      activity appeared in the bottom fraction. Sephadex G-100 gel filtration
      chromatography of supernatants showed three zones of lymphocyte migration
      inhibitory activity: In the range of molecules of m.w. 35 000-90 000, heat
      stable; Factors of m.w. from several to from ten to twenty thousand daltons, heat
      unstable; Low molecular weight substances, resistant to heat. The possible
      relationship of these factors to lymphotoxins, soluble lymphocyte T receptors for
      SRBC, lymphocyte chemotactic factor and prostaglandins is discussed. Ampicillin
      in doses of 10, 20 and 50 micrograms/ml potentiated both the development of
      lymphocyte migration inhibitory factors and the production of factors with an
      opposing effect (stimulating lymphocyte migration).

PMID- 6372369
TI  - [Role of corpus striatum in the etiology of lateral hypothalamic syndrome].

PMID- 6372370
TI  - [Mean values of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) in healthy men].

PMID- 6372371
TI  - [Mechanisms of the cytoprotective effect of prostaglandins].

PMID- 6372372
TI  - Side effects after disulfiram. Comparison of disulfiram and placebo in a double
      blind multicentre study.
AB  - A double-blind, randomized study was carried out on the side effects of
      disulfiram in 241 men and women with alcohol abuse. Of the 158 patients
      completing the study, 83 received disulfiram and 75 placebo. Each patient was
      questioned on side effects after a 2-week wash-out period and thereafter once a
      week during the 6-week treatment period.. There was no statistically significant
      difference between the two groups, apart from over-representation of complaints
      of sexual problems in the placebo group. The patients who dropped out of the
      study were equally distributed between the two groups with regard to the number,
      diagnosis, and reasons for dropping out.

PMID- 6372373
TI  - Primary pelviperineal closure without drainage, after abdomino-perineal resection
      of the rectum--a comparative study.

PMID- 6372374
TI  - Diabetes mellitus and hepatobiliary disease.

PMID- 6372375
TI  - [Psychiatric nosology and numerical taxonomies].

PMID- 6372376
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of the antidepressive action of sulfoadenosyl-L-methionine
      compared with that of chlorimipramine].

PMID- 6372377
TI  - Hypoxanthine metabolism by human malaria infected erythrocytes: focus for the
      design of new antimalarial drugs.

PMID- 6372378
TI  - Involvement of dietary nucleotides in T lymphocyte function.
AB  - The data described above show clearly that absence of a dietary source of
      preformed purine or pyrimidine bases suppress T lymphocyte function. The heart
      allograft model assesses the T lymphocyte response to allografts. The SRBC
      sensitization assay indicates the activity of T effector cells is involved in
      delayed hypersensitivity. The mitogen assays clearly indicate a dietary effect on
      in vitro T cell response. The effect of dietary nucleotides on immune function
      should be of great importance in a number of clinical situations. These include
      management of organ transplant patients, in recovery from malnutrition, in
      various chemotherapeutic regimens and in treatment of T cell derived leukemias.

PMID- 6372379
TI  - Increased incidence of homogeneous immunoglobulins in irradiated, reconstituted
      mice after prolonged treatment with 2'-deoxyguanosine.

PMID- 6372380
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of adenosine deaminase in human lymphoid tissues
      and lymphomas.

PMID- 6372381
TI  - Adenosine deaminase (ADA; E.C. no. 3.5.4.4.) in colorectal adenocarcinoma in man.

PMID- 6372382
TI  - Modulation of arabinosyladenine metabolism by 2'-deoxycoformycin in the therapy
      of human acute leukemia.

PMID- 6372383
TI  - Enzyme inhibition by phosphonate analogues of dTTP.

PMID- 6372384
TI  - Cell-cycle dependent variation in the levels of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate
      in mouse T-lymphoma cells.

PMID- 6372385
TI  - Studies of the catalytically-active form of hypoxanthine-guanine
      phosphoribosyltransferase from yeast.

PMID- 6372386
TI  - Combined use of radioenzymatic assay and high pressure liquid chromatography for
      the detection of myocardial xanthine oxidase/dehydrogenase.

PMID- 6372387
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of adenosine deaminase in rat and calf tissues.

PMID- 6372388
TI  - Determination of a histidine residue at the yeast orotate
      phosphoribosyltransferase active-site.

PMID- 6372389
TI  - Impact of structural modifications on the hydrocortisone molecule.

PMID- 6372390
TI  - The effects of glucocorticoids on bone cell metabolism and function.

PMID- 6372391
TI  - Glucocorticoids and bone resorption.

PMID- 6372392
TI  - Glucocorticoids and bone matrix formation.

PMID- 6372393
TI  - Radiologic aspects of glucocorticoid-induced bone disease.

PMID- 6372394
TI  - Clinical equivalence of a new glucocorticoid, deflazacort and prednisone in
      rheumatoid arthritis and S.L.E. patients.

PMID- 6372396
TI  - Effects of glucocorticoid treatment on the ultrastructure of cartilage and bone.

PMID- 6372395
TI  - Glucocorticoids, glucose metabolism and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

PMID- 6372397
TI  - The glucocorticoid withdrawal syndrome.

PMID- 6372398
TI  - Glucocorticodids and renal transplant osteonecrosis.

PMID- 6372399
TI  - Glucocorticoids and avascular bone necrosis in renal transplantation.

PMID- 6372400
TI  - Glucocorticoids and hypercalcemia.

PMID- 6372401
TI  - Effects of glucocorticoids on calcium and phosphate excretion.

PMID- 6372403
TI  - Deflazacort versus prednisone diabetogenic effect evaluated by glucose clamp and
      compartmental analysis.

PMID- 6372402
TI  - Acute changes in urinary radiocalcium following glucocorticoids administration in
      man.

PMID- 6372404
TI  - The role of glucocorticoids in muscle metabolism.

PMID- 6372405
TI  - Effects of chronic corticosteroid therapy on mineral metabolism and calcium
      absorption.

PMID- 6372406
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of deflazacort in the rat, dog, monkey and man.

PMID- 6372407
TI  - Glucocorticoids and intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate.

PMID- 6372408
TI  - Treatment with gonadotropin releasing-hormone in prepubertal gilts at two
      different ages.

PMID- 6372409
TI  - The detection of the 987 P antigen in Escherichia coli isolated from piglets with
      diarrhoea.

PMID- 6372410
TI  - Iohexol versus metrizamide for lumbar myelography: double-blind trial.
AB  - Lumbar myelography was performed in 50 patients; 25 received iohexol (an
      investigational aqueous contrast agent) and 25 received metrizamide. The two
      media produced radiographs of equal quality. However, iohexol is stable in
      solution, while metrizamide is not. Further, markedly less morbidity resulted
      from iohexol. These features indicate that iohexol may be superior to metrizamide
      as a contrast agent for lumbar myelography.

PMID- 6372411
TI  - Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation Conference: SUNY Upstate Medical Center.
      Monoclonal gammopathy associated with a chest mass.

PMID- 6372412
TI  - The variable CT appearance of hepatic abscesses.
AB  - Fifty computed tomographic (CT) scans in 33 patients with 37 separate episodes of
      hepatic abscess were reviewed retrospectively. Abnormalities were detected in all
      but one case (97% sensitivity). However, a characteristic CT appearance of
      hepatic abscess was not evident. Most intrahepatic foci were solitary, but
      multiple abscesses were present in 34% of cases. The CT appearance of the lesions
      varied from well defined, rounded cavities with contents near water density,
      resembling poorly defined hepatic cysts, to higher-density foci indistinguishable
      from hepatic neoplasms. In only 19% was gas present within the abscess. Rim
      enhancement was seen in only 6%. This study suggests that CT is a sensitive test
      for detecting hepatic abscess but is often nonspecific.

PMID- 6372413
TI  - Sonographic demonstration of buckling of the great vessels of the neck.
AB  - Clinical, sonographic, and radiographic features in 11 patients with pulsatile
      neck masses due to buckling of the great vessels were reviewed. The pulsatile
      neck masses corresponded to buckling of the innominate and right subclavian
      arteries in five patients and buckling of the right common carotid arteries in
      six. Real-time sonography provides a noninvasive and accurate method to diagnose
      buckling of the great vessels of the neck as the cause of pulsatile neck masses
      and obviates angiography for diagnosis.

PMID- 6372414
TI  - Dynamic CT in the evaluation of physiologic status of renal transplants.
AB  - Dynamic computed tomographic scans were performed in 23 patients to evaluate
      perfusion and function of renal transplants. Using corticomedullary junction and
      corticoarterial junction attenuation/time curve analysis, we were able to
      differentiate normal renal transplants from those undergoing rejection.
      Corticomedullary junction time was used to assess function and was significant in
      distinguishing normal renal transplants from those with rejection (p less than
      0.001). Similarly, corticoarterial junction time was used to assess perfusion and
      had a significance of p less than 0.05. The study demonstrates the ability of
      computed tomography to yield excellent physiologic information.

PMID- 6372415
TI  - Tailored approach for evaluation of peripheral vascular disease: intravenous
      digital subtraction angiography.
AB  - A tailored approach for evaluating patients with peripheral vascular disease has
      been developed using intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IV DSA). This
      approach includes a history, physical examination, and correlation with Doppler
      pressure measurements to predict the location of the dominant lesion. In 60
      patients, two views of the aortoiliac segment plus three or four views of the
      femoral and runoff circulation in the most symptomatic leg were obtained. Of the
      60 patients, 36% had percutaneous transluminal angioplasty as a primary form of
      therapy, 32% were treated surgically, and 32% were followed clinically. Only 10%
      of these patients required further evaluation by conventional angiography. By
      omitting inpatient arteriography, considerable financial savings and increased
      patient comfort result.

PMID- 6372416
TI  - John Caffey Award. Sonography of the caudal spine and back: congenital anomalies
      in children.
AB  - Articulated-arm, B-mode 3.5-5.0 MHz sonograms from 27 children with congenital
      anomalies of the caudal spine were analyzed retrospectively and correlated
      directly with patient appearance, preoperative myelograms, intraoperative
      photographs, and pathologic specimens to determine how effectively sonography
      could display the major pathologic features known to be present. Anterior spina
      bifida, posterior spina bifida, and (partial) sacral agenesis were displayed as
      focal absence of normal spinal echoes and distortions of the paraspinal/gluteal
      muscles. Subcutaneous anechoic spaces continuous with the spinal canal through a
      spina bifida identified the presence, site, and configuration of each meningocele
      present. Highly echoic masses were easily discerned at the sites of 14 of 16
      lipomas and at the solid fibroadipose portions of both sacrococcygeal teratomas.
      Echoes from the surface of the spinal cord and occasionally from the central
      canal identified abnormally low cord position in 16 of 17 cases and identified
      herniation of the cord (or filum) into a concurrent meningocele in seven of 10
      cases. Sonographic display of an anechoic meningocele bordered by a lobular,
      highly echoic, subcutaneous lipoma that inserted onto a low-lying or herniated
      spinal cord reliably identified lipomyelomeningocele. Despite limitations
      discussed in the text, initial experience suggests that sonography will be a
      useful method for screening patients for possible tethered spinal cord,
      (lipo)(myelo)meningocele, sacrococcygeal teratoma, and other anomalies of the
      caudal spinal axis.

PMID- 6372417
TI  - High-resolution spinal sonography in infants.
AB  - High-resolution, real-time sonography of the spine revealed significant anatomic
      details in 29 infants, including nine with congenital malformations. Transverse
      sections were most useful for detecting osteochondral anomalies and for
      evaluating the symmetry of the spinal column and its soft-tissue contents.
      Longitudinal sections augmented the transverse sections and provided the most
      detailed anatomy of the cord and spinal arteries. A normal screening sonographic
      examination obviates ionizing radiation and invasive procedures, while an
      abnormal study implies the need for further, complementary diagnostic
      investigations.

PMID- 6372418
TI  - Digital myelography of spinal dysraphism in infancy: preliminary results.

PMID- 6372419
TI  - Evaluation of vascular rings with digital subtraction angiography.
AB  - Seven patients with vascular rings were evaluated over a 2-year period with
      intravenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA), which was compared with screen
      film aortography or cineangiography. The seven patients were also evaluated with
      barium esophagography. Six of the seven DSA images were totally diagnostic and
      one study was only partly diagnostic. Six of the seven vascular anomalies were
      confirmed surgically. DSA is suggested as an alternative to arteriography in
      evaluating patients with suspected vascular rings.

PMID- 6372420
TI  - Scaphoid (navicular) fracture of the wrist.
AB  - This common fracture most frequently affects young males. In most cases, the
      fracture is found on initial examination. Occasionally, it is missed on the
      initial radiographic evaluation but becomes apparent on follow-up films. Although
      most scaphoid fractures respond to conservative therapy, some fail to heal.
      Nonunion of the scaphoid may respond to various nonoperative and operative
      techniques. In such cases, consultation with a hand surgeon is useful.

PMID- 6372421
TI  - Mitral annular calcification: clinical, pathophysiology, and echocardiographic
      review.

PMID- 6372422
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of mexiletine.
AB  - A review of studies of mexiletine, a class I antiarrhythmic drug, supports its
      use in patients with ventricular arrhythmias or in sinus rhythm. Studies include
      patients likely to receive the drug in clinical use--patients with and without
      coronary disease and patients who have suffered acute myocardial infarction. Some
      studies are open and others are controlled to compare mexiletine to placebo or to
      lidocaine. Mexiletine in therapeutic ranges was shown not to affect arterial
      pressure; to prolong aortic ball travel time, indicating depression of myocardial
      contractility; and not to adversely affect cardiac function. Adverse effects
      occurred as often in patients taking placebo as in mexiletine-treated patients,
      even in those with impaired cardiac function. Studies bear out early reports of
      mexiletine as an effective antiarrhythmic drug nearly devoid of adverse
      hemodynamic effects when administered intravenously or orally in a dosage to
      maintain a therapeutic plasma concentration.

PMID- 6372423
TI  - Oral mexiletine in the treatment of refractory ventricular arrhythmias: the role
      of electrophysiologic techniques.
AB  - Mexiletine is a useful antiarrhythmic agent for the treatment of ventricular
      arrhythmias. Its efficacy in suppressing ventricular arrhythmias during serial
      electrophysiologic evaluation has come under investigation only recently.
      Experience to date in more than 300 patients suggests that suppression of
      inducible ventricular arrhythmias by mexiletine either alone or in combination
      with another antiarrhythmic agent may be achieved in approximately 30% of
      patients. Furthermore, suppression sometimes may be achieved when mexiletine is
      tested in combination with a type IA antiarrhythmic or beta-adrenergic blocking
      agent in patients for whom neither agent alone has been effective. The likelihood
      of suppressing inducible ventricular tachycardia (VT) with mexiletine therapy
      alone or in combination may vary as a function of the spontaneous ventricular
      arrhythmia with which a patient presents at the time of electrophysiologic study;
      patients presenting with sustained VT appear to have inducible arrhythmias that
      are more difficult to suppress. A significant incidence of adverse effects
      attributable to mexiletine has been observed, particularly gastrointestinal and
      neurologic effects. These side effects, although common, are frequently
      eliminated by reducing the dosage of the drug and administering the drug with
      food. A facilitation of arrhythmia induction has also been observed in a small
      percentage of patients. Early experience suggests that selected patients with
      ventricular arrhythmias that are refractory to conventional antiarrhythmic agents
      may derive long-term benefit from chronic therapy with oral mexiletine.

PMID- 6372424
TI  - Practical considerations in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias with
      mexiletine.
AB  - Mexiletine can be administered by intravenous, intramuscular, or oral route.
      However, the intramuscular route is seldom used because it offers no advantage
      over the other routes. Loading doses of about 400 mg may result in unacceptable
      side effects and are unnecessary for management of chronic ventricular
      arrhythmias. Therapeutic efficacy as well as side effects increase in proportion
      to increasing blood levels. At plasma levels of 2.0 mg/L, side effects are
      encountered in a significant number of patients. Because of its lack of serious
      toxicity even in patients with various systemic illnesses and its long
      elimination half-life, mexiletine should be considered as a first-line drug for
      treatment of ventricular arrhythmias.

PMID- 6372425
TI  - Sulfur dioxide and ammonium sulfate effects on pulmonary function and bronchial
      reactivity in human subjects.
AB  - The effect of exposures to 1 ppm sulfur dioxide (SO2) and 500 micrograms/m3
      respirable ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4] was studied in 20 nonsmoking subjects to
      determine if a response can be measured at these atmospheric levels and if the
      response is additive or synergistic. Four-hour separate and combined exposures
      were employed. Each subject acted as his or her own control and performed two
      light-to-moderate exercise stints (612 kg-m/min) for 15 minutes on each day's
      confinement in the environmental chamber. Pulmonary function tests (body
      plethysmography and spirometry) and bronchial reactivity to methacholine were
      performed to assess the response of these exposures. No significant changes in
      pulmonary function or bronchial reactivity were observed in the individual
      exposures [(NH4)2SO4 or SO2], the combined exposure [(NH4)2SO4 and SO2], or 24
      hours post-exposure. This study design and the observed results did not
      demonstrate any readily apparent risk to healthy subjects with these exposures.
      Since no significant changes were measured, it was not possible to conclude if
      these two pollutants in combination produce an additive or synergistic response.

PMID- 6372426
TI  - Physiological effects of pressure demand masks during heavy exercise.
AB  - Inward leakage in a respiratory protective device may constitute a health hazard.
      The pressure demand system causes a slightly positive pressure in the facepiece
      throughout the breathing cycle, so that any insufficient seal in such a system
      will result in an outward leakage. One question is whether this positive pressure
      will influence work capacity. Five subjects worked until exhaustion on a bicycle
      ergometer with four different breathing equipments: two masks with positive
      pressure (0.5 kPa and 0.8 kPa) and two mouthpieces without positive pressure, one
      control and one with high resistance. No difference in endurance time was found.
      Heart rate, oxygen consumption, rated perceived exertion and blood lactate at
      breaking point did not show any significant changes. The high resistance
      mouthpiece, -1.1 kPa to +1.3 kPa, at breaking point, did reduce minute
      ventilation by 21% and end tidal PCO2 was increased by 16% without any influence
      on work performance.

PMID- 6372427
TI  - "On Bones for Beginners" by Galen of Pergamon: a translation with commentary.

PMID- 6372429
TI  - Transferrin in disease. I: A potential prognostic indicator in patients
      undergoing bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - Transferrin levels were measured immunochemically and the levels of several other
      plasma proteins were estimated by high resolution agarose gel electrophoresis in
      serial serum samples from nine patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation
      for aplastic anemia or leukemia. Three of five patients with low pretreatment
      transferrin levels died during initial hospitalization, and the other two
      suffered severe complications prior to recovery. All four patients with
      pretreatment transferrin levels within the normal range were discharged, three of
      them with minimal complications. Serial studies demonstrated that transferrin
      levels fell with the onset of infections or graft-versus-host disease and rose
      with recovery. Similar changes were not seen with any of the other plasma
      proteins measured. These results suggest that measurement of serum transferrin
      may reveal important prognostic information about patients undergoing bone marrow
      transplantation.

PMID- 6372428
TI  - The effects of dietary supplementation during pregnancy on placental morphology,
      pathology, and histomorphometry.
AB  - We related the macroscopic and microscopic morphology and the histomorphometry of
      the placenta to prenatal nutritional supplementation. In the Prenatal Project, a
      controlled clinical trial, three dietary treatments (supplement, a high-protein
      beverage; complement, a balanced protein-calorie beverage, or routine vitamin and
      mineral tablets) were randomly allocated to poor Black pregnant women, and the
      outcome was assessed. Herein we report the effects on placental morphology and
      histomorphometry. There were significantly fewer preterm deliveries in the
      complement group, and this was reflected by an increase in the size of decidual
      cells, an index associated with placental aging. Several other characteristics of
      the placentas of the complement group may have been more directly associated with
      improved perinatal outcome: decreased intervillous fibrin, lower incidence of
      gross surface infarct, and smaller (and presumably less edematous) cells of the
      villous stroma, may have mediated increased placental perfusion. There was no
      evidence of any placental change associated with the increase in very preterm
      delivery and the highly significant depressed birth weight among preterm
      deliveries in the supplement group. The significantly lower incidence of meconium
      staining of Wharton's jelly among controls seems likely to have been a chance
      finding. While there were several other indices that reflected placental aging,
      the significantly increased chorioamnionitis, acute funisitis , and acute
      decidual inflammation among placentas of those who delivered prematurely [the
      former two associated with very early delivery (less than 35 wk gestation)] were
      likely to have been involved as causes of premature delivery.

PMID- 6372430
TI  - Pemphigus and pemphigoid antibody production by pokeweed mitogen-stimulated
      peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures in vitro.
AB  - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid
      patients produced antiepithelial antibodies in a pokeweed mitogen-stimulated in
      vitro cell culture system. Antiintercellular substance (ICS) antibodies were
      detected in supernatants of cell cultures from four of four pemphigus vulgaris
      patients by indirect immunofluorescence. Similarly, antibasement membrane (BM)
      antibodies were detected in supernatants of cell cultures from three of four
      bullous pemphigoid patients. No anti-ICS or anti-BM antibodies were detected in
      supernatants of cell cultures of six normal controls, although antinuclear
      antibodies were detected occasionally. This pokeweed mitogen-stimulated in vitro
      cell culture system is suggested as a model to study the role of defects in
      immunoregulation in the pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris and bullous
      pemphigoid.

PMID- 6372431
TI  - A computerized micro-ELISA assay for allergen-specific IgE antibodies.
AB  - A computer-normalized micro-ELISA assay employing horseradish peroxidase and
      polystyrene microtiter plates (IP assay) for allergen-specific IgE antibodies is
      described. The specificity of the assay was confirmed by heat inactivation and
      multiple absorption experiments. Individual allergen blanks were used to account
      for the variability in the nonspecific binding among various allergens. The
      results obtained in milliunits of absorbance were normalized by a computer
      protocol using four reference sera. The coefficients of variation for the
      intraassay and interassay reproducibility ranged from 1.49 to 9.33% and 7.11 to
      15.19%, respectively. Direct correlations between the results of the IP and the
      RAST assays (Absorbance vs. bound radioactivity) were excellent; the values for
      correlation coefficients for six pollens (June grass, Bermuda grass, Short
      ragweed, English plantain, Oak and Box elder), house dust mite, and two epidermal
      (cat and dog) allergens ranged from 0.88 to 0.99. Correlation between the two
      assays was lacking for the Alternaria and Penicillium mold allergens (r values:
      Alternaria 0.32, Penicillium 0.5). For sera from patients with a positive history
      and positive skin tests challenged with 11 allergens cited above, the IP assay
      detected low levels of specific IgE in many cases where the RAST assay was
      negative (from 10% for June grass to 48% for Alternaria and Penicillium mold
      antigens). The RAST positivity accompanied by the IP negativity, by contrast, was
      rarely seen. The superior sensitivity of the IP assay for specific IgE antibodies
      was achieved by lowering the background "noise" in the IP assay. This was
      attributed to the following factors: (1) use of individual allergen blanks; (2)
      1:5 dilution of the serum sample that minimizes interference from high levels of
      total IgE antibodies and from allergen-specific IgG antibodies; (3) nonporous
      nature of the polystyrene immunosorbent surface; and (4) the use of a computer
      data reduction system to normalize the assay results.

PMID- 6372432
TI  - Homogeneous enzyme immunoassay of acetaminophen in serum.
AB  - A new commercially available homogeneous enzyme immunoassay, using the glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) catalyzed conversion of NAD to NADH, has been
      evaluated and applied to the determination of acetaminophen in serum. Replicate
      analysis of serum control samples over the range of 10-200 micrograms/mL
      demonstrated a within-assay coefficient of variation of less than or equal to
      4.6% and a between-assay coefficient of variation of less than or equal to 5.8%.
      Regression analysis of two separate groups of 98 and 47 serum samples by this
      technic, using different reagent lots, and a HPLC reference method gave equations
      of y = 0.981x - 0.941 (r = 0.984) and y = 1.06x - 2.21 (r = 0.994), respectively.
      No interference due to hemolysis or turbidity was noted. Evaluation of samples
      containing 35 commonly prescribed or over the counter medications demonstrated no
      significant cross-reactivity. Prepared reagents were stable over a period of at
      least 2 months when stored at 4 degrees C. Correlations between two reagent lots
      were excellent (r = 0.998). A single sample can be analyzed expeditiously. The
      result may help evaluate a potential acetaminophen poisoning. Another way to
      assess this toxicity, calculation of the elimination half-life, has limitations
      that depend on the precision of the analysis.

PMID- 6372433
TI  - Evaluation of the MS-2 and Lumac systems for the rapid screening of urine
      specimens.
AB  - The authors have evaluated the MS-2 (Abbott) and Lumac (3M) systems for the rapid
      screening of urine specimens for bacteriuria. These systems, which can detect
      significant levels of microorganisms in urine in five hours (MS-2) or 30 minutes
      (Lumac), were compared with a standard overnight plate culture method. Three
      hundred fifty-eight voided urine specimens were examined. The two systems
      compared equally at greater than 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU)/mL in terms of
      false-positive results (11%), false-negative results (2%), sensitivity (98%),
      specificity (approximately equal to 86%), and positive predictive value (98%),
      although the Lumac was found to have a lower negative predictive value (by 10%)
      than the MS-2. The only organism not recognized by the MS-2 at greater than 10(5)
      CFU/mL was a Lactobacillus; whereas the only specimens missed by the Lumac at
      greater than 10(5) CFU/mL were two pure cultures of Escherichia coli. At counts
      of greater than 10(4) to 10(5) CFU/mL, both systems missed numerous (15 of 21
      isolates for the MS-2; 12 of 9 isolates for the Lumac) gram-positive cocci. The
      Lumac system was the most costly, being 3.6 times as expensive as the standard
      plate method. Although both systems greatly reduce the time required to process
      urine specimens, the large number of false-positive results, false-negative
      results at greater than 10(4) to 10(5) CFU/mL, as well as cost suggest that a
      careful evaluation of a laboratory's specific needs for urine cultures be made to
      determine whether or not such rapid urine screening systems are appropriate.

PMID- 6372434
TI  - Urine screening strategy employing dipstick analysis and selective culture: an
      evaluation.
AB  - A cost-effective urinalysis test strategy, employing screening dipstick analysis
      with sediment microscopy performed on urines positive for leukocyte esterase,
      nitrite, protein, or blood, is evaluated. Screening urine culture is done when
      greater than or equal to 5 WBC/HPF, greater than 10 bacteria/HPF, or yeasts are
      found on sediment microscopy. Predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity of
      the test strategy in predicting significant bacteriuria is compared with sediment
      microscopy, Gram staining of uncentrifuged urine and leukocyte chamber counting.
      Employment of the test protocol for routine urine specimens would decrease
      sediment microscopy by 49%, while effectively screening for significant
      bacteriuria with a sensitivity of 88.9% and predictive value of a negative result
      of 98.8%.

PMID- 6372435
TI  - Presumptive identification of Staphylococcus saprophyticus from urine specimens
      by colony appearance and coagulase testing: an evaluation.
AB  - Two hundred one urine specimens with pure or nearly pure cultures (greater than 5
      X 10(4) CFU/mL) of coagulase-negative staphylococcus were identified in reviewing
      all significant urine isolates over a ten-month period. The majority of these
      were from young female adult outpatients with Staphylococcus saprophyticus
      constituting 88.9% of isolates determined with the API Staph-Ident System. For
      urine specimens, particularly for outpatients, coagulase-negative, nonhemolytic
      staphylococcal colonies with yellow pigmentation could be identified
      presumptively as S. saprophyticus with a sensitivity of 97.8% and a specificity
      of 98.3%, compared with novobiocin susceptibility testing with a sensitivity of
      100% and a specificity of 96.9%.

PMID- 6372436
TI  - Storage and transportation of samples for analysis of terminal transferase by
      indirect immunofluorescence.
AB  - Expression of the terminal transferase (TdT) antigen, as revealed by indirect
      immunofluorescence, was retained in samples of human acute lymphoblastic leukemia
      (ALL) cells, of various phenotypes, during storage at 4 degrees C for almost six
      months. Similar specimens of ALL cells, of common phenotype, were transported
      successfully by air without notable loss of TdT. The unsatisfactory outcome of
      earlier studies may be explained on the basis of methodologic differences alone.

PMID- 6372437
TI  - Erythromycin therapy for group A streptococcal pharyngitis. Results of a
      comparative study of the estolate and ethylsuccinate formulations.
AB  - One hundred two children with group A streptococcal pharyngitis were treated on a
      randomized basis with either 15 mg/kg of erythromycin estolate or 25 mg/kg of
      erythromycin ethylsuccinate given twice daily for ten days. Twelve patients,
      including 11 erythromycin ethylsuccinate-treated patients and one erythromycin
      estolate-treated patient, were dropped from the study at the request of their
      parents because of abdominal cramping and/or nausea and vomiting that occurred 15
      to 45 minutes after ingestion of drug. Eighteen other patients (12 treated with
      erythromycin ethylsuccinate and six treated with erythromycin estolate) had
      similar gastrointestinal (GI) tract symptoms that resolved or abated. Excluding
      patients with reinfections with new streptococcal serotypes and those with
      resistant strains, the bacteriologic failure rates were 4.3% and 17.5%, and the
      total failure rates were 6.4% and 35.3% with erythromycin estolate therapy and
      with erythromycin ethylsuccinate therapy, respectively. The high rate of GI tract
      intolerance associated with the erythromycin ethylsuccinate appears to be dose
      related.

PMID- 6372438
TI  - Comparison of physiologic and pharmacologic assessment of growth hormone
      secretion.
AB  - To determine if pharmacologic and physiologic tests are equally effective in the
      assessment of growth hormone (GH) secretory status, serum GH levels were measured
      during sequential tests with intravenous arginine infusion and insulin-induced
      hypoglycemia (arginine-insulin tolerance test [ AITT ] ) and during sleep in 62
      children, aged 2.1 to 17.3 years. Responses during AITT and sleep were concordant
      in 53 patients and discordant in nine patients. Arginine-insulin tolerance test
      results were consistent with the subsequent clinical course in 80% of the
      patients while nocturnal sampling was consistent with the subsequent clinical
      course in 93% of the patients. Thus, the failure of a normal serum GH response to
      pharmacologic stimuli is not always a diagnostic indicator of GH deficiency.
      Additional investigation of discordant GH responses to pharmacologic and
      physiologic stimuli may lead to a further understanding of the control mechanisms
      of GH secretion.

PMID- 6372439
TI  - Bacteremia in hospitalized black South African children. A one-year study
      emphasizing nosocomial bacteremia and bacteremia in severely malnourished
      children.
AB  - During a one-year period, 315 of 5,397 children admitted to the general pediatric
      wards of a hospital had bacteremia. The commonest causative organisms were
      Streptococcus pneumoniae, Salmonella enteritidis, Hemophilus influenzae, and
      Escherichia coli. Most episodes of bacteremia were associated with
      gastroenteritis, pneumonia, or meningitis. Seventy-eight episodes occurred in
      children with severe protein-energy malnutrition, and 46 episodes were hospital
      acquired. The overall case fatality rate was 23.2%, being highest in children
      with severe malnutrition and in those with other underlying conditions. The high
      proportion of bacteremias due to S pneumoniae and S enteritidis possibly reflects
      infections occurring in a lower socioeconomic group living in a temperate climate
      in crowded conditions. The most appropriate antimicrobial therapy for children
      who have suspected bacteremia in association with gastroenteritis or severe
      malnutrition is a combination of ampicillin sodium and gentamicin sulfate.

PMID- 6372440
TI  - Primary plate identification of group A Streptococcus on a selective medium.
      Efficiency in an office practice.
AB  - The efficiency of group A Streptococcus detection and identification in an office
      practice was studied using a selective blood agar plate containing
      sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim and primary plate bacitracin disk speciation.
      All results were confirmed by conventional bacteriologic and immunologic
      techniques the next day by a reference laboratory. In all, 1,591 cultures were
      processed, of which 156 (10%) could be confirmed the next morning to have group A
      Streptococcus by primary disk susceptibility interpretation. Bacitracin-resistant
      beta-hemolytic colonies, which could be immunologically confirmed as group A
      Streptococcus grew from only three cultures (0.1%). Fifty-six (3%) of the
      cultures had too few beta-hemolytic colonies to determine bacitracin
      susceptibility, of which 47 were later proved to be group A Streptococcus. On all
      preliminary negative cultures, 1% demonstrated group A Streptococcus after
      incubation for an additional 24 hours. If a selective blood agar plate with
      primary bacitracin disk susceptibility speciation is used in an office laboratory
      setting, 99% of all cultures can be accurately interpreted within 24 hours of
      incubation, providing that those plates with limited growth of beta-hemolytic
      colonies are thereafter immunologically tested for group A Streptococcus antigen.

PMID- 6372441
TI  - Lasers and gastroenterology.

PMID- 6372442
TI  - The effects of PGF2 alpha, PGI2, and TxB2 on human CFU-C in healthy and leukemic
      patients.
AB  - This study was undertaken to test the effects of certain arachidonate
      derivatives, PGF2 alpha, PGI2 and TxB2 on in vitro bone marrow granulocyte colony
      growth (CFU-C) in leukemia patients receiving maintenance chemotherapy and in
      normal controls. The addition of PGF2 alpha did not result in increased numbers
      of colonies, but it did cause a shift in the size of the colonies so that there
      was a significant increase in larger colonies (P less than 0.001) and
      significantly fewer small colonies (P less than 0.05) as compared to untreated
      samples. Of the prostenoids tested in a Tris-buffered system, PGI2 affected the
      greatest increase in CFU-C (P less than 0.01) followed by PGF2 alpha (P less than
      0.05) whereas 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (the stable hydrate of PGI2) did not affect
      colony growth. Time-response curves revealed a linear growth pattern for PGF2
      alpha with a peak at 10 days, whereas there was a 6-day growth lag with PGI2
      followed by linear growth with a peak at 13 days. TxB2 added to cultures
      significantly reduced the number of bone marrow CFU-C at all doses tested. The
      prostanoid effects on CFU-C derived from leukemic patients on maintenance
      chemotherapy and from normal individuals were identical in every respect.

PMID- 6372443
TI  - Cystic kidneys: an enigma evolves.
AB  - Substantial contributions to the field of RCD have been made over the past 15
      years. Most intriguing is a growing awareness of acquired RCD and its
      complications. Data have been published and are reviewed here in support of a
      possibility that APKD and RCD acquired during hemodialysis are premalignant
      lesions. More data are needed before the possibility can be confirmed or denied.
      The collection of these data is an immediate need in the field of RCD.

PMID- 6372444
TI  - Development of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis following transperitoneal renal
      transplantation in a child.
AB  - A 9 1/2-year-old female developed pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) which
      was detected radiographically 4 1/2 months after transperitoneal cadaveric renal
      transplantation, during a period characterized by recurrent episodes of acute
      rejection. Radiographic evaluation was prompted by the development of cramping
      abdominal pain, distention, and tenderness localized to the region of the
      allograft, which occurred during one such episode. Pneumatosis was localized
      primarily to an area of colon that lay in direct contact with the allograft.
      Evaluation of the available clinical and roentgenographic evidence suggested that
      pneumatosis may have resulted from the development of a sympathetic inflammatory
      reaction within the bowel wall adjacent to the acutely inflamed allograft.
      Subsequent stabilization of renal function was associated with resolution of the
      pneumatosis over the ensuing 8 months without surgical intervention or additional
      medical therapy.

PMID- 6372445
TI  - The absence of effect of azathioprine on prednisolone pharmacokinetics following
      maintenance prednisone doses in kidney transplant patients.
AB  - Kidney transplant patients receive chronic prednisone and azathioprine for
      immunosuppression. However, the effect of azathioprine on prednisolone
      pharmacokinetics has not been determined in this population. Total and unbound
      prednisolone concentrations were determined, using high performance liquid
      chromatography and equilibrium dialysis, in eight kidney transplant patients
      following their usual oral maintenance dose of prednisone alone and concomitantly
      with their usual dose of azathioprine. The results showed no significant
      differences between the two groups in estimates of prednisolone plasma protein
      binding parameters and peak time, peak concentration, mean input time,
      clearance/F, volume of distribution/F, or half-life (t 1/2), using total or
      unbound prednisolone concentrations. Thus, the concomitant administration of
      azathioprine does not appear to alter the bioavailability or elimination of
      prednisolone at these doses.

PMID- 6372446
TI  - Renal transplantation of patients on chronic peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - A retrospective review of patients transplanted from peritoneal dialysis was
      performed to assess the risk of this form of dialysis for patients awaiting renal
      transplantation. Eighteen transplants have been performed in 16 patients, ages 6
      to 57 years, undergoing chronic peritoneal dialysis over the past 4 years.
      Sixteen were from cadaver donors, and two were from living related donors (LRD).
      The patients had been undergoing intermittent peritoneal dialysis or continuous
      ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) using permanent silastic catheters, from
      five days to 4 years. No patient had clinical evidence for peritonitis at the
      time of transplantation. The peritoneal catheter was removed at the time of
      transplant in all cadaver donor recipients without complication. One recipient of
      a LRD kidney had the catheter removed two days prior to transplant. Cultures of
      the catheter were sterile in 16 cases. Two patients had positive peritoneal
      catheter cultures at the time of transplant but were treated with appropriate
      antibiotics and never developed clinical peritonitis. Fourteen transplants had
      postoperative fevers. No definite source was found in 13; one had fever in
      relation to acute graft rejection. The fevers resolved in all patients either
      spontaneously or subsequent to therapy. Other complications were similar to those
      seen in patients transplanted from hemodialysis. Hemodialysis was performed as
      needed pretransplant and posttransplant using a temporary femoral vein catheter
      or arteriovenous fistula without complication. Nine patients are alive with a
      functioning kidney 1 to 36 months posttransplant (mean 17 months). Six
      transplants rejected (five patients), and one failed secondary to renal vein
      thrombosis. Two patients died posttransplant, one after a cerebrovascular
      accident, and one due to an unknown cause 1 month postnephrectomy for rejection.
      In conclusion, patients undergoing chronic peritoneal dialysis can be
      successfully transplanted without a significant incidence of complications
      related to their peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 6372447
TI  - Cyclosporine: panacea or mirage?

PMID- 6372448
TI  - Cyclosporine: a powerful addition to the immunosuppressive armamentarium.

PMID- 6372449
TI  - Comparison of azathioprine-antilymphocyte globulin versus cyclosporine in renal
      transplantation.

PMID- 6372450
TI  - Comparison of enzyme immunoassay, radioimmunoassay, and microbiologic assay for
      amikacin in plasma.
AB  - An enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT), radioimmunoassay (RIA), and
      microbiologic assay (MBA) were compared as methods of measuring amikacin in human
      plasma. Accuracy of the three methods was assessed in plasma with amikacin added
      in concentrations of 2.5-50 micrograms/ml. Correlations between the assay methods
      were compared over a range of 0.5-50 micrograms/ml. Amikacin was also assayed in
      plasma to which had been added other drugs, including 16 antibiotics and 3
      antineoplastic agents; also tested were samples that had been stored at 5 degrees
      C or -20 degrees C. Within the amikacin concentration range of 2.5-50
      micrograms/ml, the coefficients of variation of all methods were within 10%.
      Correlation was good between EMIT and RIA as well as between EMIT and MBA. Of the
      other drugs tested, only tobramycin, dibekacin, and kanamycin affected amikacin
      EMIT determinations, while only kanamycin affected amikacin RIA determinations.
      No effect of cold and freezing was observed on amikacin determinations. EMIT
      assay is an acceptable method for routine analysis of amikacin plasma samples.
      The amikacin assay results for the three methods were highly correlated.

PMID- 6372451
TI  - Final regulations on Medicare prospective pricing.
AB  - The final regulations implementing the Medicare prospective pricing system,
      published by the Health Care Financing Administration in January 1984, are
      reviewed. The regulations differ from the proposal published in September 1983 in
      that payments for "outlier" cases and the regional standardized payment amounts
      were reduced. Also, hospitals were granted a bit more flexibility in billing
      Medicare beneficiaries under certain conditions. Five functions of peer review
      organizations that will monitor this system are also described: (1) admissions
      review, (2) outlier review, (3) procedure review, (4) DRG validation, and (5)
      quality review. Hospital pharmacy managers need to be aware of the financial
      incentives inherent in these recent hospital reimbursement changes.

PMID- 6372453
TI  - Immunohistochemical characterization of intrathyroid lymphocytes in Graves'
      disease. Interstitial and intraepithelial populations.
AB  - The phenotypic cell surface markers of the lymphocytes present in thyroid tissue
      from four patients with Graves' disease were quantitatively analyzed using the
      avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase technique. As control specimens, normal
      perinodular tissues from three patients who had benign thyroid nodules resected
      were also studied. In contrast to normal thyroid tissue, which contained very few
      T cells and no B cells, thyroid tissue of all four patients with Graves' disease
      contained a lymphocytic infiltrate, and this could be divided into two
      populations of lymphocytes. The first population was located in the follicular
      epithelium and expressed a cytotoxic-suppressor T cell marker (Leu2a). On the
      average, these cells were 4.2 times as numerous in Graves' tissues as in normal
      tissues (p less than 0.05). Most of these cells did not express Leu1, a pan-T
      cell marker. The second population was found in the interstitial tissues, often
      within lymphoid aggregates, and 70 to 83 percent of the cells expressed Leu1. The
      majority of these cells expressed a helper-inducer T cell marker, Leu3a;
      Leu3a/Leu2a ratios within aggregates ranged from 1.9 to 2.1. The number of B
      cells present was small, ranging from 5.8 to 12.1 percent of the interstitial
      lymphocytes. These findings are consistent with the involvement of both helper
      inducer and suppressor-cytotoxic T cells in a localized autoimmune reaction
      directed, at least in part, against the thyroid follicular epithelial cells.

PMID- 6372452
TI  - Factors predicting development of renal involvement in progressive systemic
      sclerosis.
AB  - Renal involvement or "scleroderma renal crisis" developed in 60 patients with
      progressive systemic sclerosis evaluated at the University of Pittsburgh during
      the period from 1972 to 1982. Forty-seven of these patients had progressive
      systemic sclerosis with diffuse scleroderma, representing 18 percent of persons
      with progressive systemic sclerosis and diffuse scleroderma evaluated during this
      time period. Ten additional patients did not have truncal scleroderma but were
      suspected of having incompletely developed diffuse scleroderma. Only three
      patients were classified as having progressive systemic sclerosis with the CREST
      syndrome. Renal crisis was observed early in the course of the illness, a mean of
      3.2 years after onset. During May and June, this complication developed in fewer
      patients than expected. Thirty-six patients who had diffuse scleroderma and renal
      involvement after their initial Pittsburgh evaluation were compared with 212 who
      had diffuse scleroderma without renal involvement during follow-up. The patients
      with renal involvement had a shorter mean disease duration at the time of their
      first evaluation (2.4 versus 4.2 years, p less than 0.05) and less frequently had
      digital pitting scars (29 versus 54 percent), but no other significant clinical,
      laboratory, or serologic differences were noted. Data available for 31 patients
      with renal involvement during the six months preceding the onset of renal disease
      were analyzed. Blood pressure, serum creatinine, urine protein and red blood
      cells, and plasma renin levels were similar in these patients and the 212
      patients without renal involvement. More patients with renal involvement had
      anemia or clinical evidence of cardiac involvement during this period compared
      with the patients without renal involvement. During the 12-month period prior to
      renal involvement, seven of 16 (44 percent) patients with such involvement had an
      impressive increase in skin thickening on physical examination compared with only
      23 of 180 (14 percent) patients without renal involvement at any time during
      their course. Thus, the subset of patients with diffuse scleroderma who show
      rapid progression of their skin thickening early in the illness with development
      of anemia, pericardial effusion, or congestive heart failure have a high risk of
      "scleroderma renal crisis."

PMID- 6372454
TI  - Fulminant sepsis and death in a 33-year-old immunocompromised woman.

PMID- 6372455
TI  - Myocardial ischemia. Towards better use of the coronary care unit.
AB  - The coronary care unit is an expensive facility. Attempts to prove its value have
      not been successful, and the difficulty of doing so is considerable. In the
      absence of proof, it is nevertheless still necessary to establish a reasonable
      approach to the use of this facility. Such an approach and the evidence in its
      support are summarized. Pending the acquisition of more accurate predictors of
      risk, the following arbitrary guidelines are suggested. The coronary care unit is
      an appropriate environment for the management of dangerous arrhythmias and the
      major complications of infarction, for the management of resting angina until
      asymptomatic for 24 hours, and for the management of uncomplicated infarction in
      the absence of all predictors of risk for a period of 24 hours after the last
      episode of ischemic pain. Longer observation may be desirable for patients with
      certain predictors of short-term risk.

PMID- 6372456
TI  - Group B streptococcal arthritis in adults.
AB  - Group B beta-hemolytic streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae) have been a rare
      cause of septic arthritis in adults. Only 18 cases have been cited in the
      literature, eight of which were described since 1976. Two additional cases
      occurring in the last year are described herein. Like other infections caused by
      group B streptococci, the incidence of septic arthritis due to these organisms
      appears to be increasing. A review of these 20 cases revealed a history of prior
      arthritis or trauma to the involved joints in 30 percent, and an additional 30
      percent occurred in potentially immunocompromised hosts. Four of the patients had
      probable oligoarticular group B streptococcal arthritis. Although most deaths
      occurred in the pre-penicillin era, early recognition and treatment are essential
      to prevent joint destruction.

PMID- 6372457
TI  - Postinfectious glomerulonephritis in a renal allograft associated with a mycotic
      aneurysm of a coronary artery.
AB  - Postinfectious glomerulonephritis is well known to occur after various infections
      but is rare in renal allografts, perhaps as a result of immunosuppressive
      therapy. This report describes a 47-year-old man who, seven years after receiving
      a cadaveric renal transplant, had biopsy-proved crescentic glomerulonephritis
      presenting with gross hematuria and rapidly progressive renal failure. The
      patient underwent cardiac surgery to define an abnormal structure shown on
      echocardiography, and a mycotic aneurysm of the left circumflex artery was
      discovered. Such aneurysms are uncommon and rarely diagnosed during life. This
      case appears to be the first report of glomerulonephritis associated with a
      mycotic aneurysm of a coronary artery and one of the few reports of
      postinfectious glomerulonephritis in a renal allograft.

PMID- 6372458
TI  - Treatment of intraabdominal infection.
AB  - Intraabdominal infections are derived from the flora of the gastrointestinal
      tract. The upper intestine, from the stomach to the mid-ileum, harbors a sparse
      microflora. The lower tract harbors a luxuriant flora comprised predominantly of
      anaerobic bacteria. Bacteriodes fragilis is the leading pathogen in anaerobic
      infections. In a recent nationwide survey of the susceptibility patterns of B.
      fragilis the most active beta-lactam antibiotics were cefoxitin, piperacillin and
      moxalactam. The other active drugs included metronidazole, clindamycin, and
      chloramphenicol. Many other penicillins and cephalosporins, as well as
      tetracyclines, showed poor activity. Clinical trials of antimicrobial drugs in
      intraabdominal infections generally have verified in vitro susceptibility tests.
      Before accepting a new drug for treating anaerobic infections, it is necessary to
      establish its efficacy in susceptibility tests, animal models and clinical
      trials.

PMID- 6372459
TI  - Current mechanisms of resistance to antimicrobial agents in microorganisms
      causing infection in the patient at risk for infection.
AB  - The mechanisms of resistance encountered in bacteria causing infection in the
      patient at risk for infection are diverse. Most resistance currently seen is the
      result of plasmid transfer rather than mutational events. However, extensive use
      of antimicrobial agents in the hospital has caused the selection of organisms
      resistant to many agents by virtue of chromosomally mediated mechanisms.
      Staphylococcus aureus resistant to beta-lactams due to altered penicillin-binding
      proteins has become a problem in certain patients such as narcotic addicts and
      chronic care facility patients exposed to many beta-lactam antibiotics. S.
      epidermidis has also proved to be a problem in patients with indwelling foreign
      devices, and altered penicillin-binding proteins also make these organisms
      resistant to available penicillins and cephalosporins. Streptococcus fecalis has
      become increasingly resistant to aminoglycosides, erythromycin, and tetracyclines
      due to plasmid-mediated enzymes. Hemophilus influenzae resistant to both
      penicillins and chloramphenicol by virtue of beta-lactamases and chloramphenicol
      transacetylase has been encountered. Beta-lactamase-mediated resistance of
      Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae to beta-lactam
      antibiotics has increased, and resistance of Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa to aminoglycosides and penicillins is a widespread phenomenon.
      Mechanisms to reduce resistance will include not only careful attention to
      hygienic practices but also more appropriate use of antibiotics selecting the
      proper agent depending on the type of patient and environment in which the
      infection develops.

PMID- 6372460
TI  - Prevention of infection in high risk gastrointestinal surgery.
AB  - Postoperative infectious complications are a frequent cause of morbidity and
      mortality in the surgical patient. These septic events, which are usually
      confined to the surgical wound, may involve deeper structures or the bloodstream.
      The highest incidence of these complications in the patient undergoing elective
      operation occurs after gastrointestinal surgery, in which the endogenous
      bacterial populations are usually the causative microorganisms. The economic,
      physical, and psychological impact of postoperative infections mandates the use
      of preventive methods to decrease the incidence of such untoward events. In this
      clinical setting, sound surgical judgment and proper technique are most
      important. The use of appropriately chosen and administered prophylactic
      antibiotics also has proved of great benefit in many of these patients.

PMID- 6372461
TI  - Host factors in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections.
AB  - Classic animal studies conducted two decades ago provided the basic understanding
      of the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections. Those studies emphasized the
      natural resistance of the urinary tract to colonization and infection. Urinary
      obstruction, stasis, and reflux remain of great importance in all age groups in
      predisposing to infection. Recent studies of the crucial role of bacterial
      adherence to epithelial cells lining the genitourinary tract have shed new light
      on the pathogenesis of urinary infection. Information from adherence studies may
      have considerable clinical relevance with regard to the development of vaccines
      that prevent bacterial invasion particularly in the upper urinary tract. The
      normal defense mechanisms present in the human urinary tract are discussed.
      Despite progress in our understanding of the pathogenesis of urinary infection,
      considerable controversy still exists particularly with regard to host
      susceptibility to recurrent lower urinary tract infections in women with
      anatomically normal urinary tracts. Recent studies also have emphasized the
      significance of the host's normal immunologic mechanisms in contributing to
      intrinsic renal damage after upper urinary tract invasion by bacteria.

PMID- 6372462
TI  - Genitourinary infections in the patient at risk: extrinsic risk factors.
AB  - The indwelling urinary catheter is an essential part of modern medical care. It
      is widely used to relieve temporarily anatomic or physiologic urinary
      obstruction, to facilitate surgical repair of the urethra and surrounding
      structures, to provide a dry environment for comatose or incontinent patients,
      and to permit accurate measurement of urinary output in severely ill patients.
      Unfortunately, when poorly managed, the indwelling catheter may present a hazard
      to the very patients it is designed to protect. It is the leading cause of
      nosocomial induced urinary tract infections and the most common prediposing
      factor in fatal gram-negative sepsis in hospitals. Catheters drain the bladder,
      but they obstruct the urethra, producing other major problems such as urethral
      strictures and epididymitis. Advances in catheter care since the introduction of
      closed drainage are reviewed. The best means of prevention is the avoidance of
      use when unnecessary and prompt removal when the need no longer exists. This
      practice is of particular importance in long-term care institutions. Alternate
      methods include intermittent catheterization in the paraplegic patient, condom
      drainage in the nonobstructed patient, and direct drainage of the bladder through
      the skin. Most recent studies have attempted to improve care of the indwelling
      catheter by either prevention of periurethral infection (the most common route of
      acquisition) or sterilization of the drainage bag to prevent ascending infection
      and cross infection. Thus far, these methods have been unsatisfactory. A new
      approach to designing drainage systems is clearly needed. Finally, all studies
      failed to demonstrate the ability of systemic antimicrobial therapy to eradicate
      catheter-associated infections other than temporarily. Instead, excessive use of
      antibiotics has led to the emergence of resistant strains that may be spread to
      other patients through contaminated urine.

PMID- 6372463
TI  - Advances in the treatment of urinary tract infection.
AB  - Single dose treatment regimens are currently the treatment of choice in women
      with acute urethrocystitis. Women who have concomitant asymptomatic renal
      infections will have a recurrence and require further investigation and more
      conventional 14-day treatment regimens. Single dose treatment is a specific and
      moderately sensitive diagnostic aid for women with urinary infection. Further
      carefully planned studies are required to determine optimal treatment regimens
      for women with renal infection and men with infections originating in the kidneys
      or prostate.

PMID- 6372464
TI  - Prevention of urinary tract infections.
AB  - Potential candidates for measures designed to prevent urinary tract infections
      include (1) women (or girls) with frequent exogenous reinfections; (2) pregnant
      women; (3) hospitalized patients with short-term indwelling catheters; (4) men
      with chronic bacterial prostatitis; (5) patients with neurogenic bladders being
      managed with either intermittent catheterization or chronic indwelling catheters;
      and (6) men undergoing urologic surgery. Patients in the first three categories
      represent the vast majority of men and women with preventable urinary tract
      infections. On the basis of our current understanding of the pathogenesis of
      urinary infections in women, potential preventive measures can be envisioned. To
      date, the most successful methods in susceptible women include continuous low
      dose antimicrobial prophylaxis or postintercourse antibiotic prophylaxis. In
      controlled clinical trials, the efficacy of low-dose trimethoprim
      sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, or nitrofurantoin has repeatedly been
      demonstrated, and the cost effectiveness of this approach has also been
      established. An alternative strategy, intermittent, self-administered, single
      dose antimicrobial therapy, may be useful in selected circumstances. Screening of
      high-risk patients for asymptomatic infections has largely been abandoned except
      in pregnant women in whom this practice remains an important preventive measure.
      Exciting newer approaches to prevention based on studies clarifying the fimbrial
      structures mediating bacterial adherence to receptors on uroepithelial cells
      include the use of receptor analogs and immunoprophylaxis, but these approaches
      are not yet of demonstrated clinical efficacy.

PMID- 6372465
TI  - Infections in burn patients: a paradigm for cutaneous infection in the patient at
      risk.
AB  - The burn patient is in many ways the archetypical immunosuppressed host: the
      anatomic barriers have been breached and the host's defenses suppressed.
      Infection is the leading cause of death in hospitalized burn patients not having
      inhalation injury, being responsible for between 50 and 75 percent of the
      hospital deaths. Burn injury produces profound abnormalities in immunologic
      function. These changes are generally proportional to the degree of burn injury
      (surface area and depth). Cell-mediated immune function is suppressed. Anergy and
      depressed allograft rejection occur. Acute burn serum samples contain several
      factors that suppress cell-mediated immune functions. Antibody levels are usually
      mildly to moderately reduced. Complement, particularly the alternative complement
      pathway, may be massively activated and depleted, removing a critical defense
      mechanism against gram-negative rod infections for which preformed antibodies are
      absent. This depression is further exacerbated by malnutrition and infection.
      Fibronectin levels are also reduced. Phagocytic cell function is abnormal with
      burns. Neutrophil numbers may be depressed, and function is abnormal. Chemotactic
      responsiveness, cytoplasmic granule enzyme content, and oxygen radical generation
      are abnormal. Monocyte/macrophage dysfunction has similarly been demonstrated.
      Burn infections reflect abnormal host functions as well as changes in the
      hospital environment and microbial selection pressures. The burn patient is a
      model of cutaneous infection in the patient at risk.

PMID- 6372466
TI  - Skin and skin structure infections in the patient at risk: carrier state of
      Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Staphylococcus aureus is a ubiquitous organism that is normally carried on the
      skin and body surfaces of man. The nares are sites frequently colonized, and
      patients and hospital personnel represent the major source of infection. The
      occurrence of staphylococcal infection depends on the availability of
      staphylococci and the host resistance to infection. Factors that influence the
      carrier rate of S. aureus include minimal colonizing dose, effects of
      antimicrobial therapy, disinfectants in the environment, coincidental respiratory
      infections, possible effect of immune factors, duration of hospital stay, and
      regular needle injections. Certain patients such as drug abusers, patients with
      diabetes, and patients with chronic renal failure are at high risk of S. aureus
      infections. although underlying immune deficiencies are present, increased
      carrier rate also might be related to regular needle use, as shown among allergy
      patients. The significance of carrier state has been defined in outbreaks in
      hospital nurseries, postoperative patients, and systemic infections such as
      endocarditis in the drug abuser, the toxic shock syndrome, and dermatologic
      infections.

PMID- 6372467
TI  - Cutaneous infections: microbiologic and epidemiologic considerations.
AB  - The normal bacterial flora of the skin represents an important host defense
      mechanism against invasion by potentially pathogenic organisms. This flora is
      primarily composed of aerobic diphtheroids (Corynebacterium species), anaerobic
      diphtheroids (Propriono-bacterium acnes), and coagulase-negative staphylococci.
      Gram-negative bacilli may be present in limited numbers in intertriginous areas.
      Localized cutaneous infections occur in ostensibly normal hosts, often after
      trivial trauma, examples being streptococcal or staphylococcal impetigo,
      staphylococcal furunculosis, or more unusual infections due to agents such as
      Mycobacterium marinum. When the skin is injured more extensively by trauma,
      burns, ischemia with ulceration, or iatrogenic manipulations, or when host
      immunologic defenses are suppressed, more severe infections are likely to
      supervene, and the threat of systemic dissemination of infecting microorganisms
      increases. Cutaneous infection in immunosuppressed hosts may involve the same
      pyogenic bacteria that affect normal subjects or it may involve a variety of
      opportunistic invaders, including herpes viruses, gram-negative bacilli,
      mycobacteria, and deep or superficial mycoses. The skin may also be affected by
      infections whose primary site lies elsewhere in the body. Cutaneous
      manifestations may be secondary to hematogenous seeding of the causative agent or
      to the effects of toxins or immune complexes. Certain microbial agents may
      initiate a wide variety of cutaneous lesions, depending on route of infection and
      the status of the host. Thus, cutaneous lesions attributable to Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa range from "green nail syndrome" and self-limited folliculitis to
      ecthyma gangrenosum. Similarly, group A streptococci may produce pyoderma,
      cellulitis, lymphangitis, erysipelas, or scarlet fever. We recently described a
      syndrome of recurrent cellulitis in the saphenous vein donor extremities of
      patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass grafts. Most patients have
      associated tinea pedis. The pathophysiologic aspects of this syndrome are
      probably multifactorial, involving compromise of lymphatic or venous drainage,
      bacterial infection, elaboration of bacterial toxins, and hypersensitivity to
      bacterial or fungal products, or both. Coagulase-negative staphylococci are
      exhibiting a more prominent pathogenic potential than heretofore. When they
      infect immunosuppressed hosts or patients with indwelling intravascular catheters
      or cardiac prostheses, coagulase-negative staphylococci may cause life
      threatening disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6372468
TI  - Treatment of skin and skin structure infections in the patient at risk.
AB  - Infections of the skin and skin structures in patients at risk can be either
      primary or secondary. In the normal host, the most important primary dermal
      pathogens are the group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus.
      These organisms can spread rapidly and seed to distant sites. Secondary skin
      involvement occurs in several life-threatening bacteremic conditions in
      previously normal hosts, especially in those involving meningococci and S.
      aureus. In the compromised host, although the acute pyogenic bacteria just
      mentioned can be even more devastating, low grade pathogens or nonpathogenic
      members of the normal flora, or both, are commonly involved. Such organisms
      include gram-negative aerobic bacilli, a variety of anaerobes, several fungi, and
      the herpesviruses. Therapy of primary skin and skin structure infections
      invariably should include debridement along with antibiotic coverage. Debridement
      must be complete, opening all deep extensions of the primary infection and
      removing, to the extent possible, all foreign materials. In the normal host,
      antibiotic coverage must include a beta-lactamase-resistant antibiotic or
      vancomycin if beta-lactamase-resistant, antibiotic-resistant S. aureus could be
      involved. In the compromised host, signs of local inflammation may be reduced;
      yet, debridement must still be aggressive and antibiotic coverage broad.
      Neutropenic patients should be covered for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, requiring a
      combination of an antipseudomonal agent plus an aminoglycoside. Antifungal or
      antiviral therapy, or both, should be added in the severely compromised host in
      the proper setting, especially in patients not promptly responding to
      antibacterial measures. Attempts to enhance host defenses should be considered.

PMID- 6372469
TI  - Prevention of infections of skin and skin structures.
AB  - Treatment of nasal carriers of coagulase-positive staphylococci with a wide
      variety of topical systemic antibiotics suppressed these organisms only during
      treatment. Treatment of methicillin-sensitive or methicillin-resistant
      staphylococci with oral rifampin plus cloxacillin, vancomycin, fusidic acid, or
      trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole eradicated the colonizing Staphylococcus aureus in
      approximately 80 percent of studies. An alternative approach is replacement of
      virulent S.aureus with the 502 A S. aureus strain. The latter approach has
      aborted epidemics of staphylococcal diseases in newborn nurseries and has
      prevented recurrent furunculosis.

PMID- 6372470
TI  - Bacterial meningitis in the patient at risk: intrinsic risk factors and host
      defense mechanisms.
AB  - Bacterial meningitis remains a relatively common disease worldwide (40,000 cases
      per year in the United States) and the mortality rate has not improved in over 30
      years. Certain host factors increase the risk of acquiring meningitis and
      include: age (increased at extremes of life), male sex, low socioeconomic status
      (crowding), black race, recent nasopharyngeal carriage of a virulent strain,
      absence of specific bactericidal antibody, maternal factors at birth (neonatal
      disease), various immunologic defects (neonates, antibody or terminal complement
      component deficiency, splenectomy, and immunosuppression including the acquired
      immune deficiency syndrome), and certain chronic diseases (such as alcoholism,
      cirrhosis, and diabetes mellitus). Bacterial meningitis represents an infection
      in an area of impaired host resistance. The blood-brain barrier is a major
      protective mechanism for the central nervous system against circulating bacteria.
      However, once bacteria gain entry into the subarachnoid space, host defenses are
      inadequate. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes are at a disadvantage in the fluid
      medium of the cerebrospinal fluid and surface phagocytosis is inefficient. In
      addition, antibody and complement concentrations are low (or absent) in purulent
      cerebrospinal fluid early in the disease course. Functional opsonic and
      bactericidal activity is lacking; therefore, efficient phagocytosis of
      encapsulated meningeal pathogens is limited. The result is huge population
      densities (often 10(7) to 10(8) cfu per milliliter) of bacteria in cerebrospinal
      fluid. This finding suggests that bactericidal antibiotics with cerebrospinal
      fluid concentrations much greater than the minimal bacterial concentration of the
      pathogen are optimal for therapy of meningitis; this principle has been shown in
      experimental animal models and supported by therapeutic studies in human
      subjects.

PMID- 6372471
TI  - Host defense abnormalities predisposing the patient to infection.
AB  - Considerable progress has recently been made in defining the cellular and
      molecular mechanisms involved in host resistance to infection. Virtually every
      decision related to antibiotic therapy is influenced by an assessment of the
      integrity of these resistance mechanisms. Defects in each major aspect of host
      defense, that is, humoral immunity, polymorphonuclear leukocyte defense, and cell
      mediated immunity, increase the risk of infection caused by specific groups of
      microorganisms. Knowledge of these defects will guide the initial (empiric)
      selection of antibiotics, the dosage and duration of antibiotic therapy, and
      decisions regarding antibiotic prophylaxis. In the severely immunocompromised
      patient, antimicrobial therapy frequently involves both the administration of
      antibiotics and the use of treatment modalities that are likely to augment host
      defenses.

PMID- 6372472
TI  - Extrinsic factors that put patients at risk of acquiring central nervous system
      infections.
AB  - Although many host defenses, including physical barriers, phagocytic cells, and
      humoral elements, normally protect the central nervous system from microbial
      pathogens, a variety of extrinsic factors may compromise these defenses and put
      patients at risk of acquiring central nervous system infection. These risk
      factors include: (1) communication of the cerebrospinal fluid space with
      integumentary surfaces; (2) communication of the cerebrospinal fluid space with
      other body spaces through shunts; (3) suppurative foci contiguous to the central
      nervous system; (4) hematogenous spread of infectious agents; (5) new acquisition
      of infectious agents with a propensity for causing central nervous system
      infection; and (6) administration of certain antimicrobial or immunosuppressive
      drugs. Recognition that these factors are present and therefore that the patient
      is at risk allows monitoring for and prompt response to signs and symptoms of
      central nervous system infection.

PMID- 6372473
TI  - Management of bacterial meningitis in infants and children. Current status and
      future prospects.
AB  - Outcome from bacterial meningitis in infants and children has not appreciably
      changed in a 14-year period from 1969 to 1982 at Children's Medical Center and
      Parkland Memorial Hospital, Dallas, Texas. Overall, the case-fatality rate was
      6.4 percent; it was 4.6 percent for 414 patients managed in 1969 to 1972 and 3.9%
      for 376 patients in 1981 and 1982. In neonatal meningitis due to group B
      streptococci or coliform bacilli, the fatality rates were comparable in 1969 to
      1972 and 1981 and 1982; ampicillin and an aminoglycoside were the mainstays of
      therapy during these periods. Because of changing susceptibilities of gram
      negative enteric bacilli to the aminoglycosidic agents, Haemophilus influenzae to
      ampicillin and possibly chloramphenicol and of Streptococcus pneumoniae to
      penicillin, alternatives to conventional therapy must be developed and thoroughly
      tested. Assessment of new antimicrobial agents in the rabbit model of
      experimental meningitis provides valuable information on penetration of drug into
      cerebrospinal fluid, on achievable bactericidal activity in spinal fluid and on
      the bacteriologic effect of single dose or nine hour infusion therapy. These data
      are directly applicable to therapy in infants and children with meningitis.
      Although newer antimicrobial agents such as moxalactam, cefotaxime, or
      ceftriaxone have greatly enhanced bactericidal activity against the commonly
      encountered pathogens, outcome from meningitis will not be substantially improved
      with therapy using these agents. Improved outcome will more likely occur with the
      advent of therapeutic modalities that prevent or rapidly decrease cerebral edema
      and cerebritis, thereby preserving cerebral perfusion pressure and cellular
      integrity.

PMID- 6372474
TI  - Principles in the treatment of bacterial meningitis.
AB  - The pathophysiologic aspects of bacterial meningitis impose some specific
      requirements on successful antimicrobial therapy of this disease. Because
      infections of the subarachnoid space rapidly produce destruction of the brain
      tissue, treatment must be instituted as early as possible. In the subarachnoid
      space, efficient host defense mechanisms are absent, particularly at the start of
      the infection, and therefore antibiotics have to produce a bactericidal effect to
      eliminate the microorganisms. As animal studies indicate, only drug
      concentrations 20- to 100-fold higher than the minimal bactericidal concentration
      are effective in vivo. Because penetration of antibiotics to the site of
      infection is limited by the blood-brain barrier, the high cerebrospinal fluid
      concentrations necessary to kill the bacteria may be difficult to achieve and
      therapy may be limited by toxicity. Even with optimal antibiotic therapy, the
      morbidity and mortality remain high, and new therapeutic interventions are
      necessary and should be aimed at modifying selective components of the
      inflammatory process.

PMID- 6372475
TI  - Prevention of central nervous system infections in patients at risk.
AB  - Infections of the central nervous system in patients at risk are relatively
      uncommon when compared with pneumonia, bacteremia, and soft tissue infection.
      However, they carry serious morbidity and are frequently fatal. Each of the
      diverse conditions that can place a patient at risk for central nervous system
      infection is associated with a fairly predictable spectrum of etiologic
      organisms. Various forms of trauma (including blunt and penetrating injuries and
      neurosurgery, especially when a cerebrospinal fluid shunt is implanted)
      predispose to infection with common pathogenic bacteria. Defects of cellular
      immunity including congenital immune deficiencies, immunosuppressive drug
      therapy, leukemia, lymphoma, and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome are more
      likely to give rise to infection with a distinctive spectrum of opportunistic
      viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Other underlying conditions include sinus, ear, and
      mastoid infections, congenital heart disease, intrathoracic suppuration,
      endocarditis, and bacteremia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and complement deficiencies.
      Some preventive measures including vaccines, antibiotics, and surgical procedures
      are available. However, for many of these central nervous system infections,
      preventive measures are lacking or less effective than those for infections in
      other organs. In the future, opportunistic central nervous system infections will
      increase in frequency as the number of patients at risk continues to grow.

PMID- 6372476
TI  - Collection of data documenting risk factors: safeguards in conducting case
      control studies.
AB  - When data are analyzed, an assumption is made that they have been properly
      collected. This assumption is often incorrect. A review of many case-control and
      cohort studies shows that the standards used to avoid bias are often overlooked.
      Research methods in a well-designed study should: (1) predetermine the patient
      selection method; (2) specify the causal or protective agent at the outset; (3)
      provide for unbiased data collection; (4) avoid differences in patient recall of
      past events; (5) avoid constrained selection of cases and controls; (6) use
      similar diagnostic tests; (7) use the same case finding methods; (8) use the same
      demographic criteria; (9) use populations with similar clinical risk factors;
      (10) assure that the patient is not inadvertently treated with the study agent
      before the diagnosis is made; (11) assure that patients exposed to the study
      agent have an equal chance of inclusion in the groups, whether or not they are
      ill [1]. A prospective, randomized, double-blind study design does not guarantee
      that the foregoing research methods have been rigorously invoked. Even after
      careful adherence to correct research methods, a small sample size can lead to
      incorrect acceptance of the null hypothesis that the two groups are similar (type
      II error). All these points are illustrated with examples from the medical
      literature in infectious diseases.

PMID- 6372477
TI  - Respiratory tract infections: intrinsic risk factors.
AB  - A complex system exists to provide defense of the respiratory tract against
      infection. The three major components of the respiratory defense system are
      mechanical (such as cough and mucociliary clearance), humoral (such as secretory
      immunoglobulins and complement), and cellular (such as alveolar macrophages,
      lymphocytes, and neutrophils). These components are important in both upper as
      well as lower airways, but their relative importance varies according to
      location. Along with an increased understanding of the mechanisms for respiratory
      host defense has been the demonstration of numerous intrinsic defects in this
      system. Increased frequency of respiratory infections has clearly been associated
      with intrinsic defects. These associations will be described.

PMID- 6372478
TI  - Extrinsic risk factors for pneumonia in the patient at high risk of infection.
AB  - Most nosocomial pathogens cause pneumonia through the following sequence: transit
      to the patient on the hands of medical personnel or perhaps in food,
      proliferation in the nasopharynx, and subsequent pulmonary aspiration. There are
      three exceptional pathogens, each of particular concern as a cause of pneumonia
      in the immunocompromised patient, which follow atypical routes. Important recent
      advances in understanding these routes permit more rational preventive measures.
      This report examines the evidentiary basis for the following pathophysiolgic
      propositions about these three pathogens: Aspergillus, Pneumocystis carinii, and
      Legionella. Aspergillus spores are almost ubiquitous. Spore generation, except in
      very unusual circumstances, takes place outside the hospital. Most spores enter
      the hospital borne in air by infiltration or because of incomplete filtration.
      Air filtration systems of moderate efficiency remove Aspergillus spores.
      Nosocomial pulmonary and disseminated aspergillosis arises from inhalation of
      airborne spores. A nasopharygeal colonization intermediate step before pulmonary
      disease has not yet been solidly established. It is now firmly established that
      airborne Pneumocystic carinii transmission occurs between animals. Airborne
      acquisition probably occurs early in human life. However, in-hospital, person-to
      person transmission has yet to be convincingly demonstrated. Most or all cases of
      pneumocystosis in adults are due to reactivation of endogenous pulmonary
      organisms. Intensive diagnostic efforts reveal that Legionella is a common cause
      of community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia in hospitals where it had not
      previously been recognized. However, there are at least a few hospitals where it
      is an uncommon source of pneumonia. Several hospitals have demonstrated a
      temporal association between the presence of Legionella in hot water systems and
      nosocomial cases of Legionella pneumonia. The mechanism or mechanisms of
      transmission to the patient remain to be delineated. It is also not determined if
      all hospital hot water systems should be maintained Legionella free.

PMID- 6372479
TI  - Microbiology of pneumonia in the patient at risk.
AB  - Microorganisms causing pulmonary infections in high risk patients vary
      considerably with the predisposing illness (immunosuppression, alcoholism, or
      diabetes), the setting (nosocomial or community-acquired), and previous therapy
      (antibiotics, surgery, and inhalation therapy). Even in the immunocompromised
      patient, conventional bacteria are the most prevalent opportunistic pathogens,
      and gram-positive cocci such as staphylococci and gram-negative bacilli such as
      Escherichia coli cause most pneumonias. Fungi, viruses, and protozoa also cause
      pulmonary infections, but they vary in frequency from one institution to another.
      Diagnostic proof of the etiology of pulmonary infection is often difficult to
      obtain. The microbial flora of sputum is not definitive and must be confirmed by
      blood or pleural fluid culture, antigen or serologic response in body fluids, or
      morphologic presence in lung tissue. Resistance to antimicrobial therapy is
      increasing, especially among nosocomially acquired gram-negative bacilli and
      methicillin-resistant staphylococci. A potential for increased resistance exists
      in pneumococcal, viral, and fungal infection but is not yet apparent in pulmonary
      infections due to protozoal pathogens. Tests to predict antibiotic response such
      as serum bactericidal assay, repeated cultures, and serologic studies are helpful
      but correlate imperfectly with clinical outcome.

PMID- 6372480
TI  - Treatment of respiratory infections in the patient at risk.
AB  - Therapeutic intervention of varying potency and toxicity is now available for
      bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral pneumonia, but the problem of
      establishing the precise origin to evaluate treatment protocols remains.
      Antibacterial agents reduce postinfluenzal morbidity and mortality. Earlier
      appropriate treatment of gram-positive coccal infections has reduced mortality to
      less than 10 percent unless bacteremia is present. Gram-negative bacillary
      pneumonia remains a major problem and response rates do not exceed 65 percent
      except in selected series in which two effective antimicrobial agents have been
      used. Nevertheless, the superiority of two agents has not convincingly been
      demonstrated in any retrospective series or prospective randomized trial; more
      efficacy data in patients with gram-negative pneumonia treated with the newer
      beta-lactam agents would be useful. Little information is available on the
      laboratory correlates of successful treatment of gram-negative pneumonia, such as
      sputum antibiotic levels. Moreover, aerosolization of antimicrobial agents has
      been used with reported success by some investigators, but this therapeutic
      approach remains controversial. Pneumonia or lung abscess due to anaerobes may
      require increasingly larger doses of penicillin or alternative antianaerobe
      agents. Parasitic pneumonias such as those due to Pneumocystis carinii have
      responded well to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Acyclovir appears effective
      against some herpes viruses (simplex and varicella zoster), but it has failed to
      affect cytomegalovirus pneumonia even when combined with interferon.
      Opportunistic fungal pneumonias are poorly treated with all available agents and
      usually do not respond unless there is amelioration of predisposing factors or
      improvement in underlying disease. The latter statement appears relevant in most
      patients with severely compromised host defenses and pulmonary infection.

PMID- 6372481
TI  - Prevention of respiratory tract infection.
AB  - Bacterial infection of the lower respiratory tract is initiated by colonization
      of the upper respiratory tract followed by aspiration of small volumes of
      contaminated secretions into the lungs. Failure of lung antibacterial defenses
      results in pneumonia. Strategies for prevention involve prevention of
      colonization, avoidance of aspiration, or enhancement of lung defenses. Effective
      prevention against specific organisms can be provided by immunization which
      enhances lung defenses for vaccinated strains. This approach has limited
      applicability because of the time required for development of protective antibody
      and the selective spectrum of protection. Aspiration of small quantities of
      oropharyngeal secretions is probably unavoidable in seriously ill patients.
      Prevention of colonization of the upper respiratory tract by pathogenic organisms
      would provide an effective prophylactic strategy. Although much has been learned
      about the role of bacterial adherence to regional epithelial cells in determining
      colonization, manipulation of this adherence phenomenon in the respiratory tract
      is not clinically possible at this time. The use of topical antimicrobial agents
      provides another means of preventing colonization with susceptible organisms. In
      human subjects and experimental animals, topical polymyxin B has successfully
      reduced cases of pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella
      pneumoniae, although colonization and occasional infections with resistant
      organisms occur. However, prevention of pneumonia by manipulation of the
      bacterial flora of the upper respiratory tract is an approach that warrants
      further investigation.

PMID- 6372482
TI  - Impact of antimicrobial agents on the gastrointestinal microflora and the risk of
      infections.
AB  - The most common and significant cause of disturbances in the normal
      gastrointestinal microflora is the administration of antimicrobial agents. The
      microflora can be influenced by antimicrobial agents because of incomplete
      absorption of any orally administered antimicrobial agent, secretion of an
      antimicrobial agent by the salivary glands and in the bile, or secretion from the
      intestinal mucosa. In most cases the influence is not beneficial to the patient
      because suppression of the indigenous microorganisms often permits potential
      pathogens to overgrow and cause septic conditions, diarrhea, or colitis.
      Antimicrobial agents that influence the normal microflora also promote the
      emergence of antimicrobial-resistant strains. The authors' experience on the
      impact of different beta-lactams, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, and
      nitroimidazoles on the gastrointestinal microflora and the risk of infections
      when these agents are used is reviewed.

PMID- 6372483
TI  - An historical review of quality control in hematology.
AB  - As the use of laboratory techniques in diagnostic medicine increase, it became
      obvious that standardized reference methods and stable controls were essential in
      order for results obtained in different laboratories to be comparable. Certain
      procedures and standards have been adopted to provide QC in hematology. Currently
      procedures include the following: cyanmethemoglobin for HGB determinations;
      particle counter for RBC and WBC counts; phase microscopy for PLT counts; and
      packed cell volume for HCT determinations. These serve as acceptable reference
      methods for multichannel hematology instruments. Instruments that are used must
      be carefully calibrated. Calibration of the spectrophotometer should be performed
      using an acceptable standard for hemoglobin. Calibration of the particle counter
      to determine RBC and WBC counts should be performed using a fresh sample of
      anticoagulated (EDTA) blood. PLT counting by phase hemacytometry should be used
      to obtain reference values for automated PLT counters. Centrifuges that are used
      to obtain microhematocrit values should be calibrated for maximum packing times
      and times checked against an electric clock. After the instruments have been
      calibrated, fresh whole blood is measured to determine a target value for each
      determination. Primary calibration of multichannel instruments is performed by
      calibrating each parameter to the target value. This is performed initially and
      then once each week. Two techniques that are commonly used to monitor instrument
      performance are: 1) the use of at least two levels of commercially prepared
      control samples to prepare either Levey-Jennings charts or the simple Cusum
      charts, which detect presymptomatic instrument problems; and/or 2) the use of 500
      1,000 patient indices and mean WBC counts analyzed by the XB statistic to
      establish limits for monitoring instrument performance.

PMID- 6372484
TI  - The application of a microcomputer for enzyme immunoassay (Emit) determination of
      serum quinidine concentrations.
AB  - Quinidine is a commonly used drug for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.
      Avoidance of toxicity and monitoring of therapy can be readily accomplished by
      determining serum concentrations of quinidine by enzyme immunoassay (Emit) using
      a centrifugal analyzer and reducing the data with a desk-top microcomputer. For
      therapeutic and toxic drug ranges maximum within-run CV was under 6.0%, while
      between-run CV was under 10.0% in the therapeutic range and under 15.0% in the
      toxic range.

PMID- 6372485
TI  - Mechanism of the polyuria of hypercalcemia.

PMID- 6372486
TI  - Cervical pregnancy managed by balloon tamponade.

PMID- 6372487
TI  - Simplifying the management of stress incontinence.
AB  - Controversy exists as to how many of the newer diagnostic procedures should be
      used to evaluate stress incontinence. Urethral closure pressure, uroflowmetry,
      barium paste, and chain cystograms may be unphysiologic and studies that are not
      required preoperatively for every patient. Two hundred fifty-three cases in this
      study were evaluated by history, stress test, and urinalysis alone, if no urgency
      component was present. The patients with urgency and stress incontinence were
      studied by routine cystoscopy. These patients all had stress incontinence that
      was socially unacceptable. The stress test was very simple and done without
      foreign bodies in the urethra, without sudden bladder distention, and without
      irritation of bladder mucosa. The patient simply came into the office with a full
      bladder and a desire to void, and the stress test was done with the patient in
      the standing position, with one doctor and one nurse in attendance. The results
      of treatment with this workup are presented with follow-up.

PMID- 6372488
TI  - Role of sex steroid hormones in relative refractoriness to angiotensin II during
      pregnancy.
AB  - Normal human pregnancy is associated with significant vascular refractoriness to
      the pressor effects of infused angiotensin II, and in women destined to develop
      pregnancy-induced hypertension, this refractoriness is lost several weeks before
      the onset of hypertension. The plasma concentrations of sex steroid hormones
      gradually increase throughout pregnancy. In the present study, the effect of
      infusion of 17 beta-estradiol (E2), progesterone, or 5 alpha-dihydroprogesterone
      on the pressor response to infused angiotensin II (0.002 to 0.1 micrograms X min
      1 X kg-1) was evaluated in eight unanesthetized and chronically instrumented
      nonpregnant ewes. Pressor response to infused angiotensin II (0.02 to 0.1
      micrograms X min-1 X kg-1) was significantly suppressed by a 60-minute infusion
      of E2 (0.8 micrograms X kg-1), whereas infusion of progesterone (4 micrograms X
      min-1 X kg-1) or 5 alpha-dihydroprogesterone (0.8 micrograms X min-1 X kg-1) did
      not affect the pressor response. Neither the acid-base status, plasma renin
      activity, nor serum electrolytes were altered by the administration of E2 or
      progesterone. These results indicate that E2 may play an important role in the
      refractoriness to infused angiotensin II during pregnancy, and that this
      refractoriness by E2 is not mediated by changes in chemoreceptor reflex, renin
      angiotensin system, or serum electrolytes, but more likely by the changes in the
      characteristics of the vascular wall.

PMID- 6372489
TI  - On the causation of pelvic inflammatory disease.

PMID- 6372490
TI  - Failure of inhibition of in vivo group B streptococcus growth in rhesus amniotic
      fluid.

PMID- 6372491
TI  - Contamination of donor cornea by gentamicin-resistant organisms.
AB  - Cultures of the donor corneoscleral rims in 70 consecutive penetrating
      keratoplasties showed microbial contamination in 14 cases. All positive cultures
      were tested by standard microdilution broth method for sensitivities to
      gentamicin, an antibiotic routinely used in McCarey-Kaufman transport medium.
      Seven of 15 organisms demonstrated resistance to gentamicin at concentrations
      above 100 micrograms/ml. These results indicated the selection of more antibiotic
      resistant microorganisms in antibiotic-supplemented medium and the need for
      appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis at the time of surgery.

PMID- 6372492
TI  - New technique for semipermanent replacement of missing incisors.
AB  - An investigation was carried out to study the efficiency of a new technique for
      semipermanent replacement of missing incisors. A flexible system allowing slight
      physiologic movement of the bridge units was created by bonding an acrylic tooth
      to the abutments by means of three orthodontic wires, as shown in Figs. 9 to 11.
      Between June, 1981, and December, 1982, fifty-three bridges of this type were
      inserted in a sample that was nonselected relative to overbite and overjet. It
      comprised fifty-one persons 10 to 22 years of age (mean, 16; SD, 3.9). During an
      observation period of 5 to 22 months (mean, 15; SD, 4.8) ten bridges came loose,
      giving a failure rate of 18.9% for the whole sample. All the loosened bridges
      were replacements for missing maxillary central incisors. The thirteen bridges
      replacing missing maxillary lateral incisors and two bridges inserted in the
      mandible functioned without problems. There was no correlation between failure
      rate and overjet and overbite. However, the functional occlusion was of
      importance. If there was antagonistic contact with the pontic during functional
      movements, the failure rate was 57.1%. If there was no such contact, however, the
      failure rate was only 5.4%. This difference was statistically significant.
      Accumulation of plaque was significantly higher around the abutments than on
      contralateral surfaces. However, no significant differences in gingival health
      were recorded. In two persons, dental caries was recorded on the abutment surface
      facing the pontic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6372493
TI  - Early and late pathologic changes in the adrenal glands of mice after infection
      with herpes simplex virus type 1.
AB  - Intranasal infection of CH/HeN mice with herpes simplex virus Type 1 (HSV-1), VR3
      strain, caused a high death rate in the 3-12 days following inoculation. Acute
      interstitial pneumonia and focal adrenal necrosis developed in almost all the
      animals. About 20% of the mice showed meningoencephalitis and myocarditis. Viral
      antigen was demonstrated by immunoperoxidase staining in the alveolar walls,
      around bronchi and blood vessels, and in focal areas of the adrenal cortex as
      early as 24-48 hours after infection. The virus disseminated probably
      hematogenously from the lungs and seemed to localize preferentially in the
      adrenals. In mice surviving the acute stage of infection a subcapsular cell
      reaction developed in the adrenal cortex. The extensive pneumonia and adrenal
      necrosis contributed to the high mortality rate of weanling mice infected with
      HSV-1. The route of viral inoculation and the age of the host animal seemed to
      influence the localization and outcome of the pathologic process.

PMID- 6372494
TI  - Acute antibody-mediated rejection of skin grafts without involvement of
      granulocytes or complement.
AB  - In immunosuppressed mice that carry rat skin xeno-grafts, acute antibody-mediated
      graft rejection (AAR) can be induced by intravenous administration of mouse anti
      rat globulin. Dependent on the amount of antibody injected and on the complement
      status of the recipient, an Arthus-like or a Shwartzman-like pattern of
      vasculitis occurs. The role of polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs) in either
      type of vasculitis was tested by inducing AAR in recipients depleted of PMNs by
      total body irradiation. Despite the absence of PMNs in the graft vessels, AAR
      occurred both in the Arthus-like and in the Shwartzman-like type. Moreover, AAR
      could be elicited in PMN-depleted recipients that were complement-depleted by
      cobra venom factor treatment or were congenitally C5-deficient. We conclude that
      neither the PMN nor complement is an essential mediator the PMN nor complement is
      an essential mediator in this form of antibody-mediated vasculitis.

PMID- 6372495
TI  - Ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of renin and angiotensin II in
      the juxtaglomerular cells of the ischemic kidney in experimental renal
      hypertension.
AB  - Partial ligation of the rat aorta between the renal arteries induces acute
      hypertension with atrophy of the left (ischemic) kidney, intense stimulation of
      juxtaglomerular cell (JGC) secretory activity, and significant increases in renal
      cortical renin activity, in plasma renin activity, and in the plasma levels of
      angiotensin I (AI) and angiotensin II (AII). With the unlabeled antibody
      technique at the light-microscopic level and various dilutions of renin
      antiserum, immunoreactive renin can be visualized in the JGC of sham-operated
      controls with high dilutions of antiserum that do not reveal renin in the JGC of
      ischemic kidney. The reverse is true with AII antisera; ie, high dilutions of AII
      antisera immunostain the JGCs of ischemic kidney but not those of control kidney.
      With the protein A-gold technique at the electron-microscopic level, using gold
      particles of small and large size and immunoreacting the two faces of a fine
      section, renin and AII can be localized in the same JGC secretory granules. With
      the same technique (immunoreacting only one face of a fine section with small
      gold particles), quantitative analysis reveals a lower concentration of renin and
      a higher concentration of AII in the secretory granules of the ischemic kidney
      JGCs; these granules are also of smaller size than those of control kidney JGCs.
      AI cannot be visualized in these cells at either the light- or electron
      microscopic level. These results indicate that AII co-localized with renin in JGC
      secretory granules and probably co-secreted, is not synthetized by these cells
      but is internalized following receptor binding.

PMID- 6372496
TI  - Diagnosis of pulmonary histiocytosis X by immunodetection of Langerhans cells in
      bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
AB  - Based on the finding that Langerhans cells and histiocytosis X cells react with
      the monoclonal antibody OKT6, raised against a subset of thymocytes, we used this
      antibody to study the cells collected by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from 131
      patients, including 18 with pulmonary histiocytosis X, 43 with pulmonary
      sarcoidosis, 67 with miscellaneous pulmonary disorders, and 3 controls.
      Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated the presence of OKT6-reactive cells in
      all patients with pulmonary histiocytosis X (mean +/- SEM, 5.29% +/- 1.14% of all
      cells in BAL fluid). Immunoelectron microscopic studies revealed that the cells
      labeled in these patients (n = 13) contained Langerhans granules. The number of
      fluorescent cells in the other 113 patients was significantly smaller (mean +/-
      SEM, 0.20% +/- 0.04% of all cells; P less than 0.001). In the 3 control patients,
      in the 43 patients with sarcoidosis, and in 61 of the 67 patients with
      miscellaneous disorders unrelated to histiocytosis X, no cells or less than 1% of
      the total were labeled; however, in the 6 remaining patients in this
      miscellaneous group, 1.3 to 2.8% of all cells in BAL were labeled. In 3 of these
      6 patients, immunoelectronmicroscopic examination showed that the cells labeled
      by OKT6 had the general characteristics of Langerhans cells but lacked Langerhans
      granules. OKT3, OKT4, and OKT8 monoclonal antibodies did not stain histiocytosis
      X cells in BAL fluid.

PMID- 6372497
TI  - Immunohistologic and ultrastructural study of the sclerotic skin in chronic graft
      versus-host disease in man.
AB  - Thirteen skin biopsies were performed on 8 patients at different stages of skin
      sclerosis in chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). On the same skin biopsies
      an immunostaining with antibodies directed against Types I and III procollagen,
      Types I, III, IV, V collagen, and laminin, and an ultrastructural study were
      performed. Alterations were observed at the dermal-epidermal junction and in the
      superficial dermis with a large deposit on Type III procollagen in the incipient
      scleroses and of Type I procollagen in the oldest ones. In this sclerotic
      superficial dermis, collagen fibers of irregular diameter were associated with
      mast cells and active fibroblasts, macrophages, and lymphocytes in close contact.
      The skin sclerosis in chronic GVHD might be considered a form of cutaneous
      fibrosis with features of excessive tissue repair related to an immunologic
      reaction between lymphocytes of the graft and tissue host cells.

PMID- 6372498
TI  - The chemical mediation of delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions. IV. Activation
      of chemotactic factor precursor by a trypsin-like protease in guinea pig plasma.
AB  - A single-chain precursor protein for macrophage chemotactic factor was previously
      reported (Ueda et al, Am J Pathol, 1982, 108:291-298). Apparent chemotactic
      activity was spontaneously generated in the precursor fraction during a long
      period of incubation, correlating with the cleavage of the precursor molecule
      into a two-chain protein. Generation and the limited proteolysis were both
      inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), a serine protease inhibitor,
      suggesting the presence and the role of a serine protease in the fraction. A
      serine protease was actually activated and separated from the precursor fraction
      with a benzamidine-conjugated cellulose affinity column. The protease was heat
      labile, and the substantial molecular weight was 20,000 by gel filtration on a
      Sephadex G-75 column and 23,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It
      hydrolyzed [3H-acetyl casein and also fluorogenic synthetic substrates,
      butyloxycarbonylphenylalanylserylarginine methylcoumarylamide and
      butyloxycarbonylisoleucylglutamylglycylarginine methylcuomarylamide, and was
      inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate, PMSF, trasylol, soybean trypsin
      inhibitor, and tosyllysine chloromethylketone, but not by tosylphenylalanine
      chloromethylketone, chymostatin, p-chloromercuricbenzoate or
      ethylenediaminetetraacetate. By incubation of the precursor with the protease,
      rapid generation of chemotactic activity for macrophages was observed. The fact
      that the chemotactic factor newly generated in vitro was identical with a
      macrophage chemotactic factor previously separated from extract of delayed type
      hypersensitivity skin sites immunologically and physicochemically suggested an
      essential role of the protease in macrophage chemotactic factor generation in the
      delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction.

PMID- 6372499
TI  - Closure of dural defects with proplast.
AB  - Defects of the dura mater, which are a source of cerebral spinal fluid leakage,
      may be produced by trauma and otologic and neurosurgical operations. Proplast was
      evaluated as a graft material to close dural defects in three animal models
      (cats). For comparison, temporalis fascia was similarly evaluated in an
      additional three cats. Microsurgical techniques were utilized to close the
      defects, and both materials successfully prevented cerebral spinal fluid leakage.
      Proplast, however, was judged superior when studied microscopically at three
      months. There was ingrowth of living dura into the Proplast and no evidence of
      inflammatory reaction.

PMID- 6372500
TI  - Physical therapy treatment results for 178 patients with temporomandibular joint
      syndrome.
AB  - This article is based on a study of 178 patients with the diagnosis of
      temporomandibular joint (TMJ) syndrome and a review of the literature, including
      diagnosis, symptoms, and treatment. Patients were treated by means of physical
      therapy, with relief of muscle and joint symptoms in 64 percent of the patients
      and a recurrence rate of 20 percent. Ear symptoms were relieved in 54 percent of
      the patients with a 32 percent recurrence rate. X-ray findings are also reviewed.

PMID- 6372501
TI  - Otospongiosis as a genetic disease. Early detection, medical management, and
      prevention.
AB  - Extensive research into the inmost mechanism of otospongiotic disease and an
      extended study of otosclerotic patients' ancestry have led the authors to a plan
      for prevention of this disease, which appears to be a genetic deafness with
      autosomal dominant inheritance and about 40 percent penetrance of genes. Progress
      in impedance audiometry has permitted early detection of stapedial fixation by
      means of systematic audiometric investigations, particularly the elicitation of
      stapedius reflex showing a very special pattern called the "on-off effect." The
      evidence supporting an enzymatic origin of the sensoringeural component of
      hearing loss in otosclerotic families has led us to treat otospongiotic children
      with very low doses of sodium fluoride, with no risk of stunting growt. We have
      been applying this procedure for four years to the families of stapedectomized
      otosclerotic patients. We believe it would be advisable to extend this type of
      prevention to schoolchildren by means of systematic audiometric investigations,
      including the elicitation of stapedius reflex to detect a possible on-off effect.
      We also studied sodium fluoride therapy, which derives from the enzymatic origin
      of the otospongiotic disease. This treatment, based on enzymogenesis inhibitors,
      should be given to young otospongiotic/otosclerotic patients detected by
      systematic audiometric investigations. Sodium fluoride could even be prescribed
      for otospongiotic mothers to prevent disease in their newborn children, exactly
      as in dental prevention. Otospongiotic/otosclerotic disease can be easily
      controlled by medical treatment, combined with surgery if needed. This treatment
      is effective thanks to early detection.

PMID- 6372502
TI  - A review of acoustic tumors: 1979-1982.
AB  - This is a review of the English literature relative to acoustic tumors from 1979
      through 1982. I have selected what I consider the most important articles. Many
      other significant papers are not discussed. The material is presented in ten
      categories: diagnosis, histopathology, surgical approaches, facial nerve
      preservation and repair, von Recklinghausen's disease and bilateral tumors,
      nonacoustic cerebellopontine angle tumors, instrumentation, basic research,
      complications of surgery, and miscellaneous topics. In each section the articles
      are briefly reviewed, and sometimes a personal point of view is presented.

PMID- 6372503
TI  - Facial nerve anastomosis in the cerebellopontine angle: a review of 24 cases.
AB  - Facial nerve repair during translabyrinthine tumor surgery was performed in
      twenty-four patients. Nineteen patients (79 percent) had return of facial
      function. Different techniques of facial nerve anastomosis were evaluated. Suture
      anastomosis was more reliable than other anastomotic methods, especially if cable
      nerve grafts were used. Facial function began to return within twelve months in
      all patients whose function returned.

PMID- 6372504
TI  - Review of sensorineural hearing loss.

PMID- 6372505
TI  - Tympanic membrane photography: historical perspective.
AB  - When viewed in a broad perspective, photographic documentation of the tympanic
      membrane, both in the normal and pathologic state, has enabled otologists to
      better understand many disease processes in the ear. Furthermore, good
      reproductions have served as invaluable aids in teaching both physicians and
      students as well as permitting better understanding of pathologic conditions for
      which patients may need therapeutic intervention. This review traces the
      development over the last century of tympanic membrane photography, reflecting
      advances made in both the art and science of otologic photography.

PMID- 6372506
TI  - Beta-adrenergic stimulation of lipoprotein lipase in rat brown adipose tissue
      during acclimation to cold.
AB  - Lipoprotein lipase activity in adult rats was investigated in animals subjected
      to cold and to different hormonal treatments. In contrast to changes in tissue
      wet weight and total protein content, which showed a lag time of about 1 day,
      lipoprotein lipase activity was markedly (fourfold) increased after only 4 h in
      the cold. Total lipoprotein lipase activity reached a plateau already after 1-3
      days, whereas wet weight and protein content did not plateau until 3 wk. Neither
      insulin nor glucose injections could mimic the cold-induced increase in
      lipoprotein lipase activity seen after 4 h. However, the effect of norepinephrine
      injections was identical to the effect of cold. The beta-agonist isoprenaline was
      as effective as norepinephrine, whereas the alpha-agonist phenylephrine had no
      effect. The beta-antagonist propranolol inhibited the cold-induced increase in
      lipoprotein lipase activity. It is concluded that, in contrast to white adipose
      tissue, brown adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase is stimulated in vivo by a beta
      adrenergic mechanism and that it is this beta-adrenergic mechanism that is
      responsible for the rapid recruitment of lipoprotein lipase during cold exposure.

PMID- 6372507
TI  - Hepatic extraction of exogenous insulin in depancreatized conscious dogs.
AB  - Hepatic and mesenteric extraction of exogenous insulin and glucose appearance and
      clearance were compared in conscious depancreatized and normal dogs after
      intraportal or peripheral intravenous insulin infusion. Portal vein insulin
      levels were higher, whereas arterial insulin levels were lower after intraportal
      compared with intravenous peripheral infusion of insulin. During the intraportal
      infusion of 1 and 2 mU X kg-1 X min-1 insulin, 40 +/- 3% of the insulin presented
      to the liver was extracted by that organ in the diabetic dogs, similar to the
      value obtained in normal dogs (39 +/- 5%). Hepatic extraction of insulin after
      intravenous peripheral infusion of that hormone was similar in normal and
      diabetic dogs and was not significantly different from intraportal infusion.
      Mesenteric extraction of insulin in the diabetic dogs (13 +/- 2%) was similar to
      the 19 +/- 3% in the normal animals. The blood sugar changes were similar after
      both routes of insulin infusion. Suppression of glucose appearance in diabetic
      dogs was also similar during both routes of infusion. Glucose clearance during
      the peripheral intravenous infusion of insulin in diabetic dogs was greater than
      during intraportal insulin. These findings indicate that hepatic extraction of
      exogenous insulin was similar in normal and depancreatized dogs and was not
      influenced by the different infusion routes. Suppression of glucose appearance in
      diabetic dogs was similar after both routes despite different portal vein insulin
      levels. The peripheral action of intravenous peripheral infused insulin in
      diabetic dogs was greater than that of intraportal insulin reflecting the higher
      arterial insulin levels.

PMID- 6372508
TI  - Regulation of digestion. II. Effects of insulin and glucagon on pancreatic
      secretion.
AB  - The endocrine islet-cell hormones insulin and glucagon are secreted at high
      concentrations into an intrapancreatic portal circulation and have been reported
      to affect the secretion of digestive enzyme by the exocrine pancreas. In the
      present experiments, insulin and glucagon were injected into the celiac artery of
      anesthetized rats to evaluate their effects on the secretion of amylase and
      trypsinogen by the pancreas. Neither hormone when given alone significantly
      changed the output of either enzyme. However, when given with the pancreatic
      secretagogue cholecystokinin, each altered the effect of injection of
      cholecystokinin. In a dose-dependent fashion insulin increased trypsinogen output
      without affecting amylase output, whereas glucagon inhibited amylase output and
      left trypsinogen output unchanged. Thus, both hormones produced a more
      trypsinogen-dominant pancreatic juice than that observed with cholecystokinin
      alone, although in different ways. These findings suggest that the endocrine
      hormones insulin and glucagon may regulate secretion of digestive enzymes by the
      pancreas by modulating the response to stimuli of overall protein secretion such
      as cholecystokinin.

PMID- 6372509
TI  - Electrophysiology of plasma membrane vesicles.
AB  - In both renal and gastrointestinal physiology, it has become popular to study
      epithelial transport phenomena using vesicles isolated from the apical and
      basolateral cell membranes. Transport in vesicle preparations is usually
      monitored with radioactive tracers, but more recently attention has been directed
      to electrophysiological methods. As it is impossible to measure the electrical
      properties of membranes in small vesicles (less than 500 nm diam) with classical
      electrophysiological techniques, indirect methods have to be employed. In this
      review I focus on the application of voltage-sensitive optical probes to measure
      membrane potentials in brush border membrane vesicles. Optical signals are
      calibrated with diffusion potentials generated with known ion gradients in the
      presence of ionophores, e.g., EKS with K gradients in the presence of
      valinomycin. Membrane potential measurements can be used 1) to illustrate the
      specificity and kinetics of sugar-, amino acid-, and carboxylic acid-Na
      cotransport systems in brush border membranes, and 2) to determine the ion
      permeability of brush border membranes. All organic solutes known to be
      transported by Na cotransport across brush border membranes depolarize the
      membrane in a Na-dependent, saturable manner. The results agree, both
      qualitatively and quantitatively, with electrophysiological data obtained in the
      intact renal tubule and with tracer uptake in vesicles. Bi-ionic potential
      measurements demonstrate that brush border membranes are permselective to anions
      and cations, but there are indications that the permeabilities are somewhat
      dependent on the method of vesicle preparation and the experimental conditions.
      However, electrical potential measurements provide insight into the mechanisms of
      ion transport in vesicle preparations, and the application of patch-clamp
      techniques should provide further gains in the future.

PMID- 6372510
TI  - Subcellular sites of insulin hydrolysis in renal proximal tubules.
AB  - The subcellular sites of insulin degradation as measured by trichloroacetic acid
      precipitation were defined for rabbit renal proximal tubule cells. Fractionation
      in linear sucrose gradients of the postnuclear supernates prepared from isolated
      proximal tubule segments revealed three pools of insulin hydrolytic activity.
      Insulin hydrolytic activity assayed at pH 3.5 distributed in the gradients in a
      manner nearly identical to the activity of the lysosomal enzymes, N-acetyl-beta
      glucosaminidase and alpha-mannosidase. At pH 7.4 the insulin-degrading activity
      distributed in a bimodal fashion with the major component following the cytosolic
      enzyme, phosphoglucomutase, and the minor component nearly identically
      overlapping with the activity of the inner mitochondrial enzyme, cytochrome
      oxidase. Upon microperfusion of 125I-insulin through proximal straight nephron
      segments, metabolites of the hormone were not observed in the collected
      perfusates for six of eight experiments. Average values for percent intact
      insulin in the original and collected perfusates showed no significant
      difference. These data suggest that three potential sites for insulin hydrolysis
      are present in proximal tubule cells, including lysosomes, the cytosol, and
      mitochondria. The results do not support the concept of degradation occurring at
      the brush border or contraluminal membranes.

PMID- 6372511
TI  - Some statistical and experimental considerations in the use of the analysis-of
      variance procedure.
AB  - Researchers often test the wrong statistical hypothesis in evaluating their
      experiments, thereby drawing wrong conclusions. Examples of this are given. In
      addition, data containing correlations among subjects require a different form of
      statistical analysis than do data involving independent observations. Errors that
      can result from an incorrect analysis are illustrated.

PMID- 6372512
TI  - Role of ion transfer processes in acid-base regulation with temperature changes
      in fish.
AB  - The contributions of transmembrane and transepithelial ion transfer processes and
      of nonbicarbonate buffering to the in vivo acid-base regulation have been
      evaluated. Model calculations were performed utilizing experimental data on
      transepithelial transfer of ions relevant for the acid-base regulation, the
      intracellular buffering properties of fish tissues, and the behavior of
      intracellular and extracellular pH and bicarbonate concentration with changes of
      temperature. The results of these studies indicate that the changes in the pK
      values of physiological nonbicarbonate buffers with changes in temperature
      support the adjustment of pH to lower values with rising temperature; however,
      transmembrane and transepithelial ion transfer mechanisms determine the acid-base
      regulation of intracellular and extracellular compartments.

PMID- 6372513
TI  - Effects of temperature on the structure and metabolism of cell membranes in fish.
AB  - The metabolic adjustments responsible for the "homeoviscous adaptation" of
      membrane lipid composition in fish are examined with special reference to the
      rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. The percentage of fatty acid lipogenesis
      attributable to unsaturates was elevated after an acute drop in temperature but
      declined with continued cold exposure (i.e., cold acclimation). In contrast,
      selected desaturation reactions [particularly those involved in the production of
      polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of the n-3 and/or n-6 families] proceeded more
      rapidly in cold-than in warm-acclimated trout. Different time courses for the
      change in monoene and PUFA levels of hepatic microsomal membranes during thermal
      acclimation suggest that the various desaturase enzymes contribute to the
      acclimatory response at different times. Certain fatty acids, particularly the
      delta 5-desaturation products of the n-3 (20:5 delta 5,8,11,14,17) and n-6 (20:4
      delta 5,8,11,14) series, were preferentially incorporated into phospholipids at
      cold temperatures and by cold-acclimated trout, due in part to the direct effect
      of temperature on the substrate preferences of the phospho- and acyltransferase
      enzymes of de novo phospholipid biosynthesis; however, chain length rather than
      degree of unsaturation per se may determine the temperature-dependent pattern of
      fatty acid incorporation. Both acute and chronic cold exposure elevated the
      incorporation of PUFA into phosphatidylserine (PS), suggesting that the
      conversion of PS to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) may be activated at cold
      temperatures. The rate of homeoviscous adaptation appears to be limited by the
      rate of membrane lipid turnover, which although generally positively correlated
      with acclimation temperature, did vary depending on the phospholipid moiety and
      tissue considered. Finally the direct acylation of lysophospholipids formed
      during the process of membrane turnover may contribute to both rapid and
      acclimatory adjustments in membrane lipid composition.

PMID- 6372514
TI  - Temperature sensitivity of the renin-angiotensin system in Ambystoma tigrinum.
AB  - The presence of a renin-angiotensin system was demonstrated in the poikilotherm
      Ambystoma tigrinum, commonly called the tiger salamander. Standard
      radioimmunoassay techniques were employed to measure the intrarenal renin
      activity (IRA) and the plasma renin activity (PRA) of A. tigrinum kept at either
      5 or 20 degrees C. Basal IRA and PRA values were not affected by the temperature
      at which the animals were maintained. Intraperitoneal injection of the beta
      adrenergic agonist isoproterenol, however, increased PRA only in those animals
      maintained at 20 degrees C. This is consistent with the hypothesis of a
      temperature sensitivity of the renal adrenergic system in vivo. In addition, we
      were able to demonstrate the existence of a contractile response of Ambystoma
      vascular smooth muscle to angiotensin II that was blocked by the competitive
      inhibitor saralasin.

PMID- 6372515
TI  - Anteroventral hypothalamus and hemorrhagic shock: cardiovascular and
      neuroendocrine responses.
AB  - The anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) region was shown to be a site of central
      integration of sympathetic pressor pathways and central pressor and vasopressin
      (VP) release by angiotensin II (ANG II). Since the AV3V area seems to have an
      important role in the regulation of the three major pressor systems, we
      investigated the role of the AV3V in cardiovascular recovery after hemorrhage, a
      known stimulus for sympathetic, ANG II, and VP release. Conscious AV3V-lesioned
      (n = 19) and sham-operated rats (n = 14) underwent bleeding (40% of blood volume)
      through an arterial line. Mean blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma ANG II, VP,
      and catecholamines were monitored over 24 h. The exact site of lesion was
      determined by microscopic examination. The mean blood pressure and heart rate of
      both groups of rats were not different before or after hemorrhage. Plasma
      catecholamines, ANG II, and VP responses were also the same as were hematocrit
      and water consumption 24 h after the bleeding. Despite the lack of difference
      between control and lesioned animals with regard to cardiovascular, humoral, and
      neuroendocrine responses to hypovolemia, the AV3V-lesioned rats had a
      significantly higher early mortality rate. These data indicate that the AV3V may
      be an important region in recuperation and survival after hemorrhagic shock, but
      through mechanisms unrelated to activation of VP, renin-ANG II, or the
      sympathetic nervous system.

PMID- 6372516
TI  - Renal response of fowl to hypertonic saline infusion into the renal portal
      system.
AB  - The avian kidney has a dual blood supply: one arising from the renal arteries and
      the other from the renal portal system. In anesthetized pullets (Gallus gallus)
      two major shunt pathways bypassing the kidney were occluded to ensure the venous
      blood returning from the leg suffuses the peritubular sites before it enters the
      systemic circulation. Urine was collected from the ureteral orifices. When 5%
      NaCl (2.0 ml X kg-1 X h-1) was infused for 20 min into the renal portal system,
      urine flow and urinary NaCl concentrations and excretion rates increased
      immediately in the infused side. Infusion of 5% NaCl into the systemic
      circulation produced no natriuresis. Infusion of 10% NaCl (4.0 ml X kg-1 X h-1),
      into either the systemic or renal portal route, caused a prolonged antidiuresis.
      Plasma renin activity (PRA) decreased after portal infusion of 5% NaCl and after
      both portal and systemic infusion of 10% NaCl. These results suggest that 1)
      infusion of hypertonic saline into the renal portal system produces local renal
      effects and 2) increases in tubular or peritubular NaCl levels may suppress PRA.

PMID- 6372517
TI  - A simple analysis of the "phosphocreatine shuttle".
AB  - The diffusive mobility of solutes chemically connected by reversible reactions in
      cells is analyzed as a problem of facilitated diffusion. By this term we mean
      that the diffusive flux of any substance, X, which is in one metabolic pathway,
      is effectively increased when it participates in a second and equilibrium
      reaction with another substance Y because the total flux of X in the pathway is
      the sum of the fluxes of X and Y. This notion is generalized and is seen to
      include the familiar enhanced intracellular diffusion of oxygen by oxymyoglobin.
      In this framework the function of creatine kinase (CK) is seen to have two
      aspects: 1) phosphocreatine (PCr) via the CK reaction buffers the cellular ATP
      and ADP concentrations and 2) transport of high-energy phosphates is
      predominantly in the chemical form of PCr. This predominance of PCr is a
      consequence of the maintained ATP, ADP, and total creatine levels and of the
      apparent equilibrium constant of the reaction. Thus experimental results
      demonstrating the transport aspects of the CK reaction emphasize only one feature
      of a more general notion of facilitated diffusion by near-equilibrium metabolic
      reactions and do not per se establish the existence of any physical or functional
      compartmentation of ATP, ADP, PCr, or creatine. PCr can be a large source for
      increasing inorganic phosphate levels during contractile activity, possibly as a
      metabolic regulator. Neither the transport nor buffer aspects can be
      quantitatively important in cells with small distances between ATP-utilizing and
      ATP-generating sites, such as is the case with cardiac myofibrils and
      mitochondria.

PMID- 6372518
TI  - Effects of Zn2+ on glucose-induced electrical activity and insulin release from
      mouse pancreatic islets.
AB  - The effects of Zn2+ and CO2+ on glucose-induced beta-cell electrical activity and
      on insulin release from microdissected mouse pancreatic islets were studied. In
      11 mM glucose the electrical activity is characterized by a burst pattern with a
      bimodal distribution of spike amplitudes along the plateau phase. Zn2+ at 0.05 mM
      induced a reduction in the number of spikes during the bursts and preferentially
      blocked the large action potentials. Zn2+ at 0.1 mM and CO2+ at 1.0 mM completely
      inhibited the electrical activity in response to glucose. Zn2+ inhibition of
      electrical activity was poorly reversible, whereas CO2+ inhibition was rapidly
      and completely reversible. Zn2+ and CO2+ inhibited the glucose-stimulated insulin
      release from microdissected perifused islets. Half-maximal inhibition occurred at
      about 0.3 mM for both metals. Zn2+ also inhibited K+-induced insulin release in
      the absence of glucose, indicating that Zn2+ inhibition does not involve glucose
      metabolism. It is proposed that Zn2+ blocks the voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in
      pancreatic beta-cells.

PMID- 6372519
TI  - Adaptation of B and A cell function during prolonged glucose infusion in human
      subjects.
AB  - States of insulin resistance are characterized by hyperinsulinemia that often
      appears to be out of proportion to the minimal degree of hyperglycemia. One
      possible explanation for these findings is that mild hyperglycemia per se can
      cause an adaptive increase in islet sensitivity to glucose, leading to increased
      insulin output at a given glucose level. To test this hypothesis, we compared
      acute insulin responses (AIR) and acute glucagon responses (AGR) to 5-g arginine
      injections before and after 20-h glucose infusions (200 mg X m-2 X min-1) in 11
      healthy men of varying age and degree of adiposity. The 20-h glucose infusion
      caused an increase in fasting plasma glucose (PG) in all subjects (95 +/- 2 vs.
      130 +/- 3 mg/dl). PG was clamped at three levels (approximately 95, 165, and 235
      mg/dl) before and after the 20-h glucose infusion. Despite matching of PG levels,
      consistent increases of AIR were observed after the 20-h glucose infusion: 86 +/-
      10 vs. 57 +/- 8 at PG = 95 (P = 0.002); 241 +/- 20 vs. 192 +/- 22 at PG = 165 (P
      = 0.02); and 508 +/- 59 vs. 380 +/- 50 microU/ml at PG = 235 mg/dl (P = 0.009).
      In addition, the slope of the relationship between AIR and PG level (potentiation
      slope), a measure of B cell sensitivity to glucose, increased consistently from
      2.28 +/- 0.35 (control) to 3.07 +/- 0.45 (P = 0.004) after the 20-h
      infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6372520
TI  - Effect of physical training on utilization of a glucose load given orally during
      exercise.
AB  - The effect of a 6-wk training period on the oxidation of a 100-g glucose load
      given orally during exercise was investigated in six healthy male volunteers. The
      subjects were submitted before and 24 h after the training program to a 105-min
      exercise bout (performed at about 40% of the pretraining VO2max) followed by a 90
      min resting period. Naturally labeled [13C]glucose was given 15 min after the
      beginning of exercise. Exogenous glucose oxidation was derived from 13CO2
      measurements in expired air, and total glucose and lipid oxidation were evaluated
      by indirect calorimetry. Training (60-min bicycling 5 days a week at 30-40%
      VO2max) resulted in a 29% increase in VO2max. During the 15 min of exercise that
      preceded glucose ingestion, the rate of total carbohydrate oxidation was slightly
      decreased after training, whereas the rate of lipid oxidation was slightly
      increased. Training did not affect the response of blood glucose, plasma insulin,
      or plasma free fatty acids to the glucose ingested during exercise; in contrast,
      the circulating levels of epinephrine, glycerol, and lactate were significantly
      reduced after training. Substrate utilization measurements revealed similar
      oxidation rates of carbohydrates (106.9 +/- 2.7 before vs. 100.2 +/- 4.7 g/3 h
      after training) and of lipids. However, detailed analysis revealed a significant
      17% increase in exogenous glucose oxidation, thus indicating a significant
      sparing of endogenous carbohydrates. In conclusion, physical training induces a
      modest but significant increase in the oxidation of an oral load of glucose given
      during subsequent exercise of moderate intensity, a phenomenon reinforcing the
      sparing of endogenous carbohydrate stores.

PMID- 6372521
TI  - Modulation of jejunal ion and water absorption by endogenous angiotensin after
      hemorrhage.
AB  - In the pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized rat, hemorrhage of blood equivalent to
      1% body weight (18.4% blood volume) increases plasma renin activity and plasma
      aldosterone concentration and also markedly elevates jejunal ion and water
      absorption. Infusion of angiotensin II (AII) also stimulates jejunal absorption,
      and in a manner similar to hemorrhage. The elevation of jejunal absorption in
      response to hemorrhage is not affected by removal of the adrenals but is totally
      inhibited by the converting enzyme inhibitor captopril and by bilateral
      nephrectomy. Thus, increased jejunal absorption following hemorrhage is mediated
      by the renin-angiotensin system and is not secondary to aldosterone release.
      Further experiments demonstrated that norepinephrine released from enteric
      sympathetic nerves controls jejunal absorption through activation of alpha
      adrenergic receptors. The stimulation of jejunal absorption by tyramine was
      unaffected by propranolol but was totally abolished by phentolamine and by
      peripheral sympathectomy was 6-hydroxydopamine (intact adrenal medulla). The
      increase in jejunal absorption in response to hemorrhage also was unaffected by
      propranolol but was inhibited totally by phentolamine, prazosin, and peripheral
      sympathectomy. It is proposed that AII generated by hemorrhage facilitates
      norepinephrine release from enteric sympathetic nerves. The norepinephrine
      released by AII stimulates jejunal absorption by enhancing transepithelial
      transport processes or by altering the balance of Starling forces governing fluid
      absorption across enteric capillaries.

PMID- 6372522
TI  - Interaction between neural and nonneural mechanisms controlling renin secretion
      rate.
AB  - The interaction between the neural and nonneural mechanisms in the control of
      renin secretion rate was studied in anesthetized vagotomized dogs at renal
      arterial pressures of 170, 130, 90, and 50 mmHg. Left renal nerves were
      stimulated (RNS) at either 0.075, 0.3, or 0.7 Hz and the right kidney was
      denervated. At spontaneous renal arterial pressure RNS at 0.075, 0.3, and 0.7 Hz
      decreased renal blood flow 0, 1 +/- 0, and 2 +/- 1%, respectively, and urinary
      sodium excretion 0, 2 +/- 1, and 22 +/- 3%, respectively. RNS at 0.075 Hz
      augmented renin secretion rate at 50 mmHg by 1,806 +/- 505 ng/min; there was no
      augmentation at 90, 130, and 170 mmHg. RNS at 0.3 Hz augmented renin secretion
      rate at 50 and 90 mmHg by 2,635 +/- 824 and 1,197 +/- 289 ng/min, respectively;
      there was no augmentation at 130 and 170 mmHg. RNS at 0.7 Hz augmented renin
      secretion rate at 50, 90, and 130 mmHg by 1,421 +/- 287, 747 +/- 172, and 273 +/-
      163 ng/min, respectively; there was no augmentation at 170 mmHg. RNS at 0.075 Hz
      to one kidney and 0.7 Hz to the other kidney in the same dog demonstrated that
      the renin secretion rate was greater with RNS at 0.7 Hz than with 0.075 Hz at 50
      and 90 mmHg but not at 130 and 170 mmHg. We conclude that the nonneural and
      neural mechanisms interact in the control of renin secretion rate. The degree of
      interaction depends on the level of renal arterial pressure and the intensity of
      RNS.

PMID- 6372523
TI  - Circulating epinephrine stimulates renin secretion in anesthetized dogs by
      activation of extrarenal adrenoceptors.
AB  - The present experiments were designed to determine the location of the
      adrenoceptors responsible for initiating epinephrine-induced stimulation of renin
      secretion in vivo. Three hypotheses were tested: 1) the receptors are located
      intrarenally, 2) the receptors are located extrarenally , and 3) an interaction
      exists between intrarenal receptors and some event initiated by extrarenal
      receptors. All experiments were conducted in anesthetized dogs surgically
      prepared for renal clearance studies. Intravenous infusion of epinephrine at 250
      ng X kg-1 X min-1 increased one-kidney renin secretion rate more than fivefold.
      In contrast, direct intrarenal infusion of epinephrine at 25 ng X kg-1 X min-1
      only doubled renin secretion rate from the infused kidney. In six animals in
      which renin secretion rates were measured bilaterally during intrarenal
      epinephrine infusion, no differences in renin secretion rates were detected
      between the two kidneys. To examine the hypothesis that an interaction exists
      between intrarenal and extrarenal adrenoceptors, epinephrine was infused
      intravenously at 25 ng X kg-1 X min-1 and simultaneously into one renal artery at
      10 ng X kg-1 X min-1. Renin secretion rates rose significantly (P less than 0.01)
      but equally from both kidneys. At lower epinephrine infusion rates (10 ng X kg-1
      X min-1 intravenously plus 3 ng X kg-1 X min-1 intrarenally), renin secretion
      rates increased submaximally but still equally from both kidneys. It is concluded
      that epinephrine-induced stimulation of renin secretion in vivo is initiated by
      adrenoceptors located only extrarenally .

PMID- 6372524
TI  - Loss of hepatic venous responsiveness after endotoxin in anesthetized cats.
AB  - Endotoxin (from Salmonella enteriditis ) was administered either as an
      intravenous bolus injection after administration of indomethacin to prevent the
      acute anaphylactoid response or as a slow intravenous infusion to cats
      anesthetized with pentobarbital. Within 30 min, hepatic blood volume measured by
      plethysmography increased by 30%. However, unlike the outflow block seen in dogs
      after endotoxin, this increase in blood volume was associated with a fall in
      portal and hepatic lobar venous pressures. Responses to hepatic nerve stimulation
      (1-8 Hz), to intravenous infusions of norepinephrine (0.2-1.0 microgram X kg-1 X
      min-1), and to infusions into the hepatic artery of norepinephrine (0.1-0.5
      microgram X kg-1 X min-1) and angiotensin II (0.1-0.5 microgram X kg-1 X min-1)
      were compared before and 150 min after endotoxin administration. Both portal
      pressure and hepatic blood volume responses to these stimuli were markedly
      depressed by 150 min after endotoxin. We conclude that in cats endotoxin causes a
      markedly depressed responsiveness of hepatic venous smooth muscle to agonists and
      a modest pooling of blood in the liver probably due to impairment of preexisting
      sympathetic tone. Although these hepatic venous effects were observed at a time
      when cardiac output was not markedly depressed, it is suggested that they may
      play a significant role in the later development of reduced cardiac output and
      shock.

PMID- 6372525
TI  - Measurement of cardiac output in adult and newborn animals by ascorbic acid
      dilution.
AB  - We have developed an ascorbic acid-dilution method for measuring cardiac output
      which requires minimal blood withdrawal. Ascorbate is injected into a central
      venous catheter. The indicator-dilution curve is obtained by drawing blood from
      an arterial catheter through an amperometric cell at 0.96 ml/min for 35 s. The
      current is measured by a picoammeter . A calibration curve is obtained in 15 s
      prior to each indicator-dilution curve. An on-line digital computer measures the
      curve areas and calculates the cardiac output. Cardiac outputs of heparinized
      dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital and halothane measured by this method (AA)
      compared closely to cardiac outputs measured by the dye-dilution method (CG) (AA
      = 0.96 CG + 20 ml/min, r = 0.98). Both the cardiac output and the arterial blood
      pressure remained stable during replicate measurements of the cardiac output of 1
      day-old piglets. This system allows cardiac output determinations of neonatal
      subjects without excessive blood removal and, with further development, should be
      practical in human neonates.

PMID- 6372526
TI  - Immune monitoring of pregnancy in renal transplanted patients.
AB  - Immune studies were performed in eight pregnancies occurring after renal
      transplantation (tx). In three cases a regular, long-term immune monitoring
      before, during, and after the pregnancy was possible. The results showed 1) no
      changes concerning OKT 3, 4, 8, and SMIg-defined T- and B-lymphocyte subsets in
      the mothers: 2) a higher level of spontaneous E- and normal E-rosette-defined T
      subsets in the mothers rejecting their allografts; 3) a stronger response to
      mitogen and antigen stimulation and a stronger mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC)
      response towards the infants also in those rejecting their grafts; 4) the
      offspring of the transplanted mothers showed a weaker immune responder state
      compared with the offspring of six age-matched normal mothers.

PMID- 6372527
TI  - Foreign body reactions secondary to cellulose lint fibers.
AB  - Twenty-four cases of foreign body reactions secondary to cellulose lint fibers
      have been identified in three Portland area hospitals over a 5 year period. Ten
      of these cases involved extraperitoneal granuloma and 14 cases intraperitoneal
      granuloma. Six of the intraperitoneal reactions resulted in acute granulomatous
      peritonitis, and one of these patients died from this complication. Twenty-two
      additional operations were performed on these patients because of complications
      directly associated with this reaction. As estimated 400 days of additional
      hospitalization were required secondary to complications of foreign body
      reaction. Several precautionary measures have been identified that have decreased
      the incidence of this complication in our hospitals. Polypropylene drapes and
      gowns may provide a solution to this problem in the future.

PMID- 6372528
TI  - Experimental evaluation of the resistance of the skin grafted rectum to ileal
      contents.
AB  - There are three general approaches to prevent the development of cancer in
      patients with premalignant colorectal diseases. One method requires total
      colectomy and excision of the rectal mucous membrane. For 35 years, patients have
      had their rectal muscle tube covered by a variety of full-thickness ileal
      pullthrough operations. For 30 years, various types of pelvic ileal pouches have
      been tried in attempts to improve bowel function. This report attempts to
      evaluate another approach in experimental animals. The rectal submucosa was skin
      grafted and subsequently anastomosed to the ileum to assess its ability to stand
      up to that milieu. The results were promising with a maximum follow-up of 1 year.
      This may prove to be another option to ileoanastomy with or without a pouch.

PMID- 6372529
TI  - Total pancreaticoduodenal homotransplantation in dogs immunosuppressed with
      cyclosporine and steroids.
AB  - Pancreaticoduodenal transplantation was performed with cyclosporine and steroid
      immunosuppressive therapy in 10 mongrel dogs that had pancreaticoduodenectomy.
      There was an average animal survival of 50.6 days and an average duration of
      normoglycemia of 41.8 days. We suggest that pancreaticoduodenal transplantation,
      which was abandoned as a clinical procedure 10 years ago, be reconsidered for
      clinical application.

PMID- 6372530
TI  - Avoidance of artifacts on computerized tomograms by selection of appropriate
      surgical clips.
AB  - Surgical clips (metallic or plastic) are frequently used for hemostasis and tumor
      marking. This study evaluated the radiographic and computerized tomographic
      appearance of different clips and their relative interference with computerized
      tomographic scans. Metallic clips (stainless steel, tantalum, and titanium) can
      all be seen on plain radiographs. Tantalum clips caused extensive distortion on
      computerized tomographic scans which would interfere with scan interpretation.
      Both stainless steel and titanium clips resulted in much less artifact and
      interference on computerized tomographic scans. Recent studies have suggested
      that there may be some risk of torsion of stainless steel clips in nuclear
      magnetic resonance scanners resulting in tissue damage. Absorbable plastic clips
      cannot be seen on plain film but are visualized on computerized tomographic scans
      and do not appear to cause scan artifact. Overall, we recommend the use of either
      titanium hemostatic clips when tumor marking on plain film is required or plastic
      clips when tumor marking is less important.

PMID- 6372531
TI  - [Participation of a factor which inhibits leukocyte migration in the regulation
      of cellular immunity in physiologic pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by late
      toxemia].

PMID- 6372532
TI  - [Cause-effect relation between abortion and herpes infection].

PMID- 6372533
TI  - [Childbirth by a woman who had received a cadaver kidney transplant].

PMID- 6372534
TI  - [Antibiotic prophylaxis in obstetrics].

PMID- 6372535
TI  - [Characteristics of water-electrolyte metabolism in the neonatal period].

PMID- 6372536
TI  - [Hormonal treatment of spontaneous abortion].

PMID- 6372537
TI  - [Chromosomal factors in sterility in men].

PMID- 6372538
TI  - [Perspectives in the use of computers in anesthesia].
AB  - The remarkable development of computer technology and the early experiments into
      its clinical use give us cause ot define useful spheres of application and task
      areas in anaesthesia for this valuable machine. Parallel to this followed the
      development of computer use in anaesthesia. Here, there are essentially four main
      areas of application: administration of data, monitoring, teaching, process of
      decision making. Next to a quite uniform definition of the task areas of a
      computer, the question of the selection of the suitable computer for the
      respective requirement cannot be answered in the same uniform way. For the
      application of computer technology in the practice of anesthesiology it is
      essential to guarantee not only sufficient safety of data but also a protection
      from misuse and manipulation. On the whole it is probable that computer
      technology will take over more and more medical technical tasks especially of the
      anaesthesia apparatus and evaluate them. An automatic registration of records
      with combined off-line and on-line recording of measured values represents the
      logical development of this technology.

PMID- 6372539
TI  - [Visual evoked potentials (VEP) in anesthesia and intensive care].
AB  - Methodological considerations and different stimulation techniques of visual
      evoked potentials (VEP) are described. VEP can provide information about
      neurological function during anaesthesia, surgery and in the unconscious patient
      after head injury. The feasibility of the method for intraoperative monitoring in
      neuro- and cardiac surgery and the influence of general anaesthetics and other
      contributing factors such as temperature, paCO2, pO2, part are discussed.

PMID- 6372540
TI  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rat prolactin.
AB  - A sensitive and specific competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
      for rat prolactin was developed using reagents from the National Institute of
      Arthritis, Diabetes, Digestive Diseases and Kidney. In this assay soluble
      prolactin and prolactin adsorbed to a solid-phase support compete for rabbit anti
      prolactin antibody binding sites. Therefore, a high concentration of soluble
      prolactin in the sample will result in a low concentration of antibody
      immobilized to the adsorbed prolactin. The immobilized antibody-prolactin complex
      is detected and quantified using goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G covalently
      conjugated to the enzyme horseradish peroxidase. Assay parameters were optimized
      by investigating the concentration of reagents and the reaction kinetics in each
      of the assay steps. The assay can be performed in 24 h. A sensitivity range of
      0.06 to 6 ng in the region of 90 to 10% binding was obtained. Near 50% binding
      (0.6 ng), the intraassay coefficient of variation (CV) was 4.2% and the
      interassay CV was 7.6%. The correlation between radioimmunoassay and the ELISA
      was 0.868. Selected applications of the assay are described. The assay should
      prove a useful alternative to the radioimmunoassay in those instances where steps
      involving the use of 125I become limiting, for example, iodination facility and
      gamma counter availability or prolonged reagent storage.

PMID- 6372541
TI  - Highly efficient and simple methods for the preparation of peroxidase and active
      peroxidase-antibody conjugates for enzyme immunoassays.
AB  - The periodate-mediated conjugation of horseradish peroxidase to antibody is one
      of the most popular methods to prepare conjugates for enzyme immunoassays of
      antigens or corresponding antibodies. A very simple method to obtain peroxidase,
      which is both about five times cheaper than the rather expensive commercial
      preparations and has a significant higher activity, is reported. Moreover, the
      conjugation method was critically investigated and considerably simplified.
      Conjugates thus obtained are about three times more active than the best obtained
      with the original method.

PMID- 6372542
TI  - Detection of proteases in polyacrylamide gels containing covalently bound
      substrates.
AB  - Conjugates have been prepared from glutaraldehyde-activated linear polyacrylamide
      and bovine serum albumin, casein, or gelatin. Incorporation of these conjugates
      into sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels has provided a simple and general
      method for the analysis of proteases following electrophoresis. The conjugates
      did not migrate during electrophoresis or development, but remained susceptible
      to proteolytic action following regeneration of enzyme activity. The sensitivity
      of this procedure was such that 2 pg of trypsin or chymotrypsin, 39 ng of
      elastase, and 2 ng of thermolysin could be detected. Results obtained with
      trypsin and chymotrypsin are 5 to 10 times more sensitive than previously
      reported techniques for protease detection following electrophoresis.

PMID- 6372543
TI  - A homogeneous enzyme immunoassay with avidin-ligand conjugate as the enzyme
      modulator.
AB  - A homogeneous enzyme immunoassay (EIA) based on the immunomodulation of an avidin
      ligand conjugate and the inhibition of pyruvate carboxylase is described. The
      conjugation of the ligand, 5,5-diphenylhydantoin (DPH), to avidin does not affect
      avidin's capacity to bind biotin or inhibit pyruvate carboxylase. The DPH-avidin
      conjugate and free DPH were shown to compete for a limited number of antibody
      sites. The interaction of anti-DPH with the DPH-avidin conjugate sterically
      inhibited enzyme inactivation. Enzyme activity was correlated with DPH
      concentrations in the therapeutic range found in serum.

PMID- 6372544
TI  - Purification of thiogalactoside transacetylase by affinity chromatography.
AB  - Thiogalactoside transacetylase, the product of the lacA gene of the lactose
      operon of Escherichia coli, has been purified by an improved procedure. The
      enzyme binds tightly to immobilized Cibacron Blue F3GA columns and can be eluted
      by potassium chloride in high concentrations. Final purification was obtained by
      affinity chromatography on an agarose-coenzyme A column followed by gel
      filtration.

PMID- 6372545
TI  - A novel, general radioimmunoassay for acyl carrier proteins.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay (RIA) for acyl carrier proteins (ACP) is described that is
      based on the competitive binding between [3H]acyl-ACP and unlabeled ACP of the
      same species. The radiolabeled antigen, [3H]palmitoyl-ACP, is enzymatically
      synthesized by Escherichia coli acyl-ACP synthetase. Because acyl-ACP synthetase
      can specifically radiolabel ACP in crude extracts from several plant sources, the
      use of this enzyme to prepare [3H]acyl-ACP obviates the need for pure
      preparations of each ACP. Preparation of [3H]acyl-ACP with a specific activity of
      15 Ci/mmol allows RIA detection of total ACP in crude plant extracts at the
      nanogram level. Because antibodies against spinach ACP partially crossreact with
      ACP from many plant sources, RIAs for other plant species can be constructed
      using only one preparation of antibody. ACP preparations from safflower, soybean,
      avocado, corn, and E. coli show a decreasing order of partial immunocross
      reactivity with spinach ACP-specific antiserum, as examined by RIA using spinach
      [3H]palmitoyl-ACP.

PMID- 6372546
TI  - Determination of serum urea by isotope dilution mass spectrometry as a candidate
      definitive method.

PMID- 6372547
TI  - Detection of microbial cells by cyclic voltammetry.

PMID- 6372548
TI  - [Contribution of Wurzburg anatomy to the development of microscopic anatomy
      studies (1847 Kolliker--Petersen 1940)].
AB  - Under K olliker 's direction the Department of Anatomy of the University of W
      urzburg had developed into a centre in histological science influencing strongly
      education in microscopical anatomy. K olliker 's textbooks, lectures,
      demonstrations, and courses became a model for teaching histology not only in
      Germany but in foreign countries, too. St ohr improved K olliker 's methods
      developing and adopting modern ways in teaching. With Braus and Petersen a new
      concept was introduced into anatomy delineated in Petersen's histological
      textbook for the microscopical anatomy in particular. The description of the
      organism in its living entirety organized in living elements is regarded as the
      general task when investigating living systems.

PMID- 6372549
TI  - Ultrastructural modifications of cartilage matrix treated with guanidinium HCl
      (4.0 M and 0.4 M).
AB  - Significative modifications in cartilage matrix are induced by GuHCl 4 M and 0.4
      M treatment. The first treatment (4 M) induces a complete lack of interfibrillar
      alcianophilic particles and the swelling of collagen fibrils in 8 nm (80 A) thin
      aperiodic microfilaments. Among microfilaments, come alcianophilic sheets are
      often present ( unextractable proteoglycans?). The rectilinear pattern of
      filaments inside the fibrils became helicoidal. The second treatment (0.4 M) does
      not modify the interfibrillar morphology of alcianophilic rod like particles but
      may swell collagen fibril. Aldehydic fixation completely prevents such
      modifications. These observations show that organization of periodic collagen
      fibrils is probably due to proteoglycans also.

PMID- 6372550
TI  - [Relations between the brain and the endocrine system from its chronobiological
      aspects. II. The hypophysis, adrenal gland, thyroid islet organ, gonads and
      kidney].
AB  - The presence of biorhythms in the endocrine organs (pituitary gland, adrenal
      gland, thyroid gland, islet organ, gonades , and kidney) are reviewed. Biorhythms
      ( circadian and circannual rhythms) have an influence on the action of this
      organs. The acrophases of the hormones in the serum have different peaks and
      their time-correlation is different. The importance of this data for experiments
      and for the clinical practice is discussed.

PMID- 6372551
TI  - Studies of kidney epithelial cell surfaces using monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 6372553
TI  - [Taenia saginata, a historical, ecological and epidemiological study].
AB  - Taenia saginata, considerations on the history of discovery, on ecology and
      epidemiology. The influence of urbanisation on the distribution of Taenia
      saginata has been investigated. It seems suitable both from ecological and
      epidemiological aspects to divide the life cycle of T. saginata in a primary,
      direct cycle ( biotop type I), and a secondary, indirect cycle (biotope type II).
      The two adjectives (direct and indirect) denote the routes of transportation of
      taeniid eggs to cattle as well as of metacestodes to man. In the secondary cycle
      the contact between man and cattle or vice-versa is stopped owing to artificial
      biotop elements. There is a development of cycles closing themselves in a large
      territory and of transregional open infection chains. The totality of these
      infection chains shapes the life cycle. The secondary cycle is defined as "urban
      host-changing cycle" of T. saginata. The degree of sewage clarification is
      responsible for the incidence of infection with bovine cysticercosis. The
      conclusions are illustrated by 3 diagrams.

PMID- 6372552
TI  - Occupational influences on male fertility and sexuality. I.
AB  - The authors present herewith a survey of occupational influences on male
      fertility and sexuality. From literature data of the last 15 years, the potential
      risks of physical factors (traumatisms, temperature, radiation, micro-waves), of
      chemical factors (metals, mineral oils, hormones, pesticides and herbicides,
      neurotoxins, vinylchloride and analogs, carbondisulfide), of physio(patho)logical
      factors (infectious diseases occupationally acquired, low back syndrome) and of
      psychological factors (stress, alcoholism) are discussed. The authors also
      discuss the methodological aspects in monitoring the fertility and sexuality of
      male workers. As conclusion, they warn physicians, practising occupational
      medicine, to be aware of these potential risks regarding gonadal function and to
      neglect no longer the reproductive and sexual functions of the male. In the
      future, these problems will be faced more than at present, because of the
      increasing production of very active and toxic substances. Occupational hygienic
      measures are the first step in preventing environmental pollution hazards.

PMID- 6372554
TI  - Accelerated renovascular hypertension following intra-aortic balloon counter
      pulsation.
AB  - A 62-year-old man developed high serum renin arterial hypertension following
      thoraco-abdominal dissection which resulted from insertion of an intra-aortic
      balloon pump (IABP). Nephrectomy resulted in cure of medically unmanageable
      hypertension.

PMID- 6372556
TI  - Genetic polymorphism of the vitamin D binding protein (Gc protein) in pig plasma
      determined by agarose isoelectrofocusing.
AB  - Genetic polymorphism of the pig plasma vitamin D binding protein Gc was
      demonstrated by agarose isoelectrofocusing followed by either autoradiography or
      immunofixation with specific human Gc antiserum. Three different types F, FS and
      S were observed. Family data supported the genetic theory that the Gc types are
      controlled by two autosomal codominant alleles GcF and GcS. Both alleles are
      present in Yorkshire and Duroc. In Danish Landrace and Hampshire only the GcF
      allele was observed.

PMID- 6372555
TI  - Aldehyde oxidase and alcohol dehydrogenase genetics in the mouse. New alleles for
      the Aox-2 and Adh-3 loci.
AB  - The genetic variability of one of the liver isozymes of aldehyde oxidase (AOX-B2
      or AOX-2) and the stomach isozyme of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-C2) has been
      examined among strains of mice. Evidence is presented for a fourth allele of Aox
      2 and a third allele of Adh-3. The hybrid allozyme pattern for mouse liver AOX
      was consistent with a dimeric subunit structure for this enzyme.

PMID- 6372558
TI  - A reevaluation of immunotherapy for asthma.

PMID- 6372557
TI  - Experience, memory, and the brain.

PMID- 6372559
TI  - Lymphocyte subpopulations in rat lungs and Peyer's patches.
AB  - The distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations in rat lungs and Peyer's patches
      was examined by immunofluorescent microscopy of frozen sections and single cell
      suspensions. The results showed that there are differences in the lymphocyte
      subpopulations in these tissues. More B cells were present in Peyer's patches
      (56.5%) than in lung (15.2%), and, conversely, there were more T cells (W3/13+)
      in lung (61.7%) than in Peyer's patches (20.7%). In addition, the great majority
      of T cells found in Peyer's patches were W3/25+ cells (the phenotypic marker of
      helper T cells in the rat). This was not the case in lung, where a maximum of 46%
      of T cells were W3/25+. Alveolar macrophages (defined by adherence to plastic and
      nonspecific esterase activity) did not express W3/13 or W3/25 antigens.

PMID- 6372560
TI  - Anticholinergic, antimuscarinic bronchodilators.
AB  - The anticholinergic, antimuscarinic compounds are potent and hitherto neglected
      bronchodilators. Although atropine itself has drawbacks, principally related to
      its rapid absorption and consequent systemic side effects, its quaternary
      ammonium congeners, atropine methonitrate and ipratropium bromide, are poorly
      absorbed. When given by inhalation, they are as effective bronchodilators as
      atropine is, but longer acting and much less prone to side effects. They act
      predominantly at a site that is different from adrenergic agents and thus afford
      an alternative, complementary approach to the treatment of airways obstruction.
      In stable asthmatic subjects, ipratropium is almost as potent a bronchodilator as
      beta 2-adrenergic agents are. In patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema,
      it is more potent than beta 2-adrenergic agents are. In both conditions, its
      combination with other bronchodilators adds significantly to the level and
      duration of bronchodilatation. It may also be occasionally useful in
      counteracting bronchospasm caused by specific stimuli, such as cold air and
      exercise, and particularly that caused by inadvertent beta-adrenergic blockade.
      By inhalation, ipratropium is relatively free of side effects, even in doses as
      much as 20 times those that produce maximal bronchodilatation. It does not
      significantly affect mucus production, viscosity, or clearance, problems for
      which atropine is suspect. Nor does it produce tremor and tachycardia, as do
      adrenergic agents. It can also probably be safely used in patients with glaucoma
      and bladder neck obstruction, unlike atropine. Ipratropium will probably find its
      major application in the long-term management of chronic bronchitis and
      emphysema, and in asthmatic patients who are poorly controlled by, or who
      experience troublesome side effects from, adrenergic agents.

PMID- 6372561
TI  - Incidence of bile infection in biliary lithiasis. Effects on postoperative
      bacteremia of choledochoduodenostomy, T-tube drainage, and primary closure of the
      common bile duct after choledochotomy--a prospective clinical trial.
AB  - To assess the incidence of bile infection in patients undergoing elective biliary
      surgery for chronic calculous biliary disease, the authors present 737 patients
      with cholelithiasis or cholelithiasis choledocholithiasis in this paper. The
      incidence of bile infection in patients operated on electively is considerable
      and is associated with a significant mortality and morbidity. A relation exists
      between the incidence of postoperative bile infection and the supplementary
      procedure carried out after choledochotomy. We observed that 70 per cent of those
      patients with initially sterile bile became infected during the postoperative
      period of exogenous contamination through the T-tube. T-tube drainage should be
      used carefully and should be avoided in patients in whom either a primary common
      bile duct closure or an internal drainage can be performed.

PMID- 6372562
TI  - Orthotopic liver transplantation. Various immunosuppressive regimens to improve
      survival.
AB  - New approaches to immunosuppression, including cyclosporin A (Cy A), are being
      utilized to improve liver transplantation survival results. Donor livers from
      unrelated dogs were orthotopically transplanted to recipient animals, and only
      recipients that survived 2 or more days were included in this study. Animals were
      divided into the following groups: Group 1 (n = 6) received minimal
      immunosuppression (azathioprine) after orthotopic liver transplantation, Group 2
      (n = 7) liver allografts were pretreated with Cy A (50 mg/L) prior to
      transplantation, and recipients were given minimal immunosuppression as in Group
      1, Group 3 (n = 6) animals received azathioprine and methylprednisolone after
      transplantation, and Group 4 (n = 6) liver allograft recipients were given Cy A
      and methylprednisolone for 30 days followed by azathioprine. The improved
      survival seen in Groups 2, 3, and 4 in comparison with Group 1 (minimally
      immunosuppressed controls) indicates that graft pretreatment with Cy A or
      prophylactic Cy A administration (30 days), in conjunction with minimal
      immunosuppression, can prolong canine liver allograft survival as well as more
      standard regimens (Group 3). Therefore, it is possible that the use of steroids
      could be reduced or eliminated in hepatic transplantation with the application Cy
      A.

PMID- 6372563
TI  - Renal response to captopril in severe heart failure: role of furosemide in
      natriuresis and reversal of hyponatremia.
AB  - To assess the effect of furosemide and captopril on renal function and
      hyponatremia in patients with severe heart failure, we studied two groups of
      patients with hyponatremia who were receiving digoxin therapy and whose sodium
      intake was 40 meq/d. One group received captopril and furosemide, the second
      received captopril. The first group responded to combination therapy with a brisk
      natriuresis and diuresis, weight reduction, and an increase in serum sodium
      concentration. Patients who received captopril alone did not respond, despite a
      similar increase in renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate. When
      furosemide was then administered to patients who had received captopril alone, a
      brisk natriuresis, weight loss, and correction of hyponatremia followed.
      Treatment with furosemide is necessary to promote natriuresis and correction of
      hyponatremia in patients with severe heart failure treated with captopril; the
      renal vascular action of captopril enhances the effectiveness of furosemide.

PMID- 6372564
TI  - Quinidine-induced lupus erythematosus.
AB  - A 60-year-old white man presented with a syndrome of fever, polyarthritis,
      pleurisy, and lymphopenia, and had a positive antinuclear antibody test (after 5
      months of quinidine therapy). Quinidine-induced antinuclear autoantibodies were
      of the IgM and IgG classes and were directed mainly to nuclear histones,
      predominantly histones H1 and H2B. Antibodies to native DNA and nonhistone
      nuclear antigens were not seen during the patient's clinical course. Upon
      withdrawal of quinidine therapy, the patient had prompt improvement of clinical
      symptoms followed by a gradual resolution of serologic abnormalities.

PMID- 6372565
TI  - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for bacterial meningitis.
AB  - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole has excellent microbiologic activity against most
      pathogens that produce meningitis; both components of this drug have high
      penetration into tissues, including the cerebrospinal fluid. Clinical experience
      shows that trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole may be beneficial in the treatment of
      gram-negative bacillary meningitis caused by organisms only moderately
      susceptible to third-generation cephalosporins (Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia
      marcescens) or resistant to these antibiotic agents (Pseudomonas cepacia,
      Acinetobacter). The success of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of
      four patients with Staphylococcus aureus and two patients with Listeria
      monocytogenes meningitis shows that this drug may also be useful in treating
      infrequent types of gram-positive meningitis.

PMID- 6372566
TI  - Ergoloid mesylates for senile dementias: unanswered questions.
AB  - Ergoloid mesylates has been used for 30 years to treat patients with senile
      dementia. Indications for this drug include hypertension, peripheral vascular
      disease, and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Formerly classified as a
      cerebral vasodilator, ergoloid mesylates is now considered a metabolic enhancer,
      but how this action pertains to treatment of senile dementia is uncertain.
      Prescribed doses of the drug range from 1.5 mg/d to as much as 12 mg/d, but the
      optimal dose is unknown. Although there is evidence of the short-term efficacy of
      ergoloid mesylates from numerous controlled trials, many clinicians still
      consider it to be a placebo. No alternative drug treatments have been proved
      better. The crucial decision a physician must make is whether to try specific
      drug therapy or rely solely on supportive care and symptomatic drug treatment.
      The increasing prevalence of senile dementia has renewed interest in discovering
      more effective drug treatments for this condition.

PMID- 6372567
TI  - Sodium, water, and congestive heart failure.

PMID- 6372568
TI  - Richard Selzer and the problem of detached concern.

PMID- 6372569
TI  - [Immunology of sarcoidosis].

PMID- 6372570
TI  - [Sarcoidosis a century after Besnier: from the descriptive to the pathogenic
      approach].

PMID- 6372571
TI  - [The contribution of Jacob Levy Moreno].
AB  - meeting of two days organized has happened at the Chartreuse C.H.S., the 24th and
      the 25th of March 1983, to give homage to J.-L. Moreno , founder of the groupe
      dynamic and of the psychodrama, insufficiently honoured in France, it looks.
      Living exchanges have allowed us to draw the mean lines of his technical
      innovations based of spontaneousity since "the empty chair", "the doble " and
      "the upsetting of parts", till the sociometric diagram allowing to locate the
      interactions in the groupe . Then, the different extensions of the therapeutical
      psychodrama have been developed, practiced since 35 years in Saint- Venant and in
      Dijon , according to a original method different with nevrosed illmen and with
      psychotic patients, those one profiting of "intermediate objects", making easier
      the relationships. The theater, the groupe psychanalyse , or more recently the
      development of technics makings intervention of somatic and bio- energetical
      dimension, have settled fruisful extension of the Moreno 's initiative. It is
      necessary to locate these activities in the universal and humanist context and in
      the "living will" of the author.

PMID- 6372572
TI  - Growth and macromolecular synthesis of spheroplasts of Mycobacterium smegmatis
      ATCC 14468.
AB  - The growth and synthesis of macromolecules in spheroplasts of Mycobacterium
      smegmatis ATCC 14468 were found to be in a balanced state. Spheroplasts were not
      lysed during preparation and subsequent incubation, and were not contaminated
      with whole cells. Limited growth of spheroplasts was not due to depletion of
      medium constituents. High molar concentrations of osmotic stabilizer did not
      inhibit balanced growth. These studies establish that spheroplasts are
      metabolically active and can be used as a tool in cell wall synthesis and in
      genetic studies.

PMID- 6372574
TI  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae: heat and gluculase sensitivities of starved cells.
AB  - Exponentially growing populations were abruptly shifted to media lacking a
      nitrogen source, a sulphur source or a phosphorus source. When proliferation
      ceased, cells were homogeneously arrested at the beginning of the cell cycle and
      were resistant to killing by exposure to 52 degrees C and to cell wall degrading
      enzymes. The results suggest that these two types of resistance represent a
      general response to nutrient limitation and are characteristic of resting cells.

PMID- 6372573
TI  - Taxonomy of mycobacterial strains isolated from the tissues of leprosy patients.
AB  - Thirty-six slowly growing mycobacteria isolated from the tissues of leprosy
      patients were studied using 40 characteristics as well as susceptibility to 27
      distinct mycobacteriophages. The composition in mycolic acids of selected strains
      was also studied. According to the data, the strains formed 5 clusters. Some of
      the clusters were possibly as yet undescribed species; however, comparison of the
      data with the known properties of Mycobacterium leprae leads to the conclusion
      that none of the strains were identical to the leprosy bacillus.

PMID- 6372575
TI  - Fusobacterium necrophorum isolated from a hepatic abscess and from mastitic udder
      secretions in a heifer.
AB  - Strains of Fusobacterium necrophorum were isolated from secretions of an udder
      affected with mastitis (4 strains), an adjacent unaffected udder (3 strains), a
      superficial inguinal lymph node (2 strains) and a liver abscess (4 strains).
      These 13 strains were examined bacteriologically together with three known
      strains: F. necrophorum VPI-2891 and VPI-6161, and Sphaerophorus necrophorus (F.
      necrophorum) N-167. All strains produced butyric acid from glucose and propionic
      acid from lactic acid, were positive for the indole reaction, failed to hydrolyse
      esculin, caused beta-haemolysis and showed sensitivity to penicillin (500 U/ml).
      They were divided roughly into two groups on the basis of differences in their
      properties as described below. Six strains belonged to one group and ten strains
      to the other: the former agglutinated chick red blood cells, formed colonies of
      type A of Fievez, were long rods, showed turbid growth in liquid medium and were
      highly pathogenic for mice; the latter strains, consisting of short bacilli and
      forming colonies of type B, had no or weak haemagglutinin, showed, in liquid
      medium, sedimentary growth with a clear supernatant and were not fatal to mice.
      The 4 strains isolated from the hepatic abscess as well as the F. necrophorum
      strain VPI-2891 and the Sphaerophorus necrophorus strain N-167 were classified
      into biovar A. The 9 strains isolated from udder and lymph node, as well as the
      F. necrophorum strain VPI-6161, were classified into biovar B.

PMID- 6372576
TI  - [Thermoresistance of Legionella].
AB  - Cells of Legionella suspended in water were heated for 15 to 60 min, at
      temperatures between 40 and 70 degrees C, and their survival determined over 9
      log-cycles. The survival curves were identical for the 6 strains, and were non
      logarithmic. Implications of the resistance plateau observed are discussed.

PMID- 6372577
TI  - [Effect of orally administered bovine lactoferrin and bovine IgG on the
      establishment of Escherichia coli in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic mice and
      human newborn infants].
AB  - The bacteriostatic effect of the association bovine lactoferrin (LF) and bovine
      IgG (IgG) was studied in vitro and in vivo against two Escherichia coli strains,
      S17 and EMO1, isolated from the faecal flora of mouse and man, respectively.
      These two strains were sensitive in vitro to the bacteriostatic effect of LF +
      IgG. A kinetic study of the in vivo establishment of E. coli S17 was followed in
      axenic mice associated with that strain. Seven hours after inoculation, no
      difference was observed in the faecal level of E. coli between control mice and
      mice fed the same diet supplemented with LF + IgG. An in vivo study was also
      carried out in human newborns receiving either maternized milk (Nursie) or the
      same milk supplemented with LF + IgG during the first 48 h of life. One group of
      babies was inoculated at birth with E. coli EMO1, while another was not. Between
      the ages of 1 and 5 days, the kinetics of establishment of the E. coli strains
      spontaneously found in the digestive tract of non-inoculated babies was not
      significantly different between the group which received milk supplemented with
      LF + IgG and that which did not. This result was confirmed in infants inoculated
      with E. coli EMO1. Likewise, the faecal levels of E. coli EMO1 were similar in
      the supplemented and non-supplemented babies, and, already from day 1, the
      population level was high and only slight individual variations between babies of
      the same group were observed. These findings show that the in vitro
      bacteriostatic effect of LF + IgG on the growth of E. coli strains is not found
      in vivo.

PMID- 6372578
TI  - [Isolation of a large aerobic sporulated sheathed bacteria from soil by elective
      culture].
AB  - Eleven endospore-forming strains of a probably unknown species of Bacillus were
      isolated from samples of pasteurized soil by aerobic enrichment culture at 32
      degrees C in a minimal medium containing benzoate, p-hydroxybenzoate or
      cyclohexane carboxylate, as source of carbon and energy. They grew in the form of
      unbranched, flexible filaments 1.8 micrograms in diameter and sometimes more than
      1,000 micrograms in length. The organism was not coenocytic because transverse
      partitions were visible. The endospores were oval (1.8 x 2.2 micrograms) and did
      not deform the filaments. A thin, translucid sheath was present. The 11 strains
      were prototrophic, used benzoate and acetate as sources of carbon and energy but
      did not grow in common peptone media. Only the isolation technique has been
      described here.

PMID- 6372579
TI  - [Partial purification of the extracellular proteolytic system of Aeromonas
      hydrophila LP50: comparative chromatographic and electrophoretic study].
AB  - A complex extracellular proteolytic system was produced by Aeromonas hydrophila
      LP50 on glucose- polypeptone medium. Partial purification of this system was
      accomplished by ammonium sulphate precipitation, acetone precipitation, gel
      filtration on Sephacryl- S200 and chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel. Every stage
      was controlled by electrophoresis. This proteolytic system was constituted of
      three aminopeptidase and two endopeptidase components.

PMID- 6372580
TI  - Bioassay techniques to assess plant pathogenicity of Mycoplasma-like organisms
      (MLO).
AB  - A bioassay for mycoplasma-like organisms ( MLO ) plant yellows is proposed. The
      relation P=e(-)nM enables calculation of the average number (M) of infectious
      units (IU) injected per insect as a function of the proportion P on non-diseased
      plants and of the number n of vectors per plant. The injected volume was
      determined by injecting a radioactive solution, and the results can thus be
      expressed in IU/ml. A diagram is proposed which directly gives the concentration
      in IU/ml of the tested extract before its dilution. Male cicadellids were shown
      to respond much better to injection than females. We thus decided to inject males
      only. However, the susceptibility of both insect and plant is not total, and a
      certain under evaluation of the results cannot be avoided. These results,
      however, afford the best approach to knowledge of MLO .

PMID- 6372581
TI  - [Oscillations in population densities of the bacterial prey-predator couple
      Escherichia coli-Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus: experimental study and theoretical
      model].
AB  - Oscillations in population densities in the bacterial predator-prey Bdellovibrio
      bacteriovorus-Escherichia coli system were investigated both experimentally and
      theoretically. Experimental conditions for observing (damped) oscillations were
      first determined in a closed system and then used in an open system, i.e. in a
      chemostat, when an adequate flux of nutritive medium was added. The
      experimentally observed oscillations were always unstable with poorly
      reproducible amplitude and period. A theoretical model was used in order to
      explain this behaviour. It was first presented and satisfactorily tested for the
      same bacterial couple operating in a closed system, and allowed an experimental
      determination of its kinetic parameters. When adapted to open system conditions,
      it yielded computer-simulations which showed oscillations of the population
      densities in good agreement with those experimentally observed. It also showed
      that stable oscillations were not possible, the only "focus" in the predator-prey
      density plane being an unstable one with no surrounding limit cycle.

PMID- 6372582
TI  - The effect of bambermycin, carbadox, chlortetracycline and olaquindox on
      antibiotic resistance in intestinal coliforms: a new animal model.
AB  - Groups of germ-free mice kept in isolators and associated with faecal microflora
      from piglets were continuously given either water or a solution of one of the
      following: chlortetracycline (20 micrograms/ml), carbadox (50 micrograms/ml),
      olaquindox (50 micrograms/ml), bambermycin (flavomycin) (5 micrograms/ml) or
      mixtures of these drugs. The proportions of lactose-fermenting bacteria in their
      faeces which were resistant to chlortetracycline, carbadox or olaquindox were
      measured by a comparative plate-counting procedure. Compared to occurrence in
      control mice, the occurrence of antimicrobial drug-resistant bacteria was higher
      in mice receiving chlortetracycline (P less than 0.001) and lower in mice
      receiving bambermycins (P less than 0.005). In contrast, olaquindox and carbadox
      did not change the proportion of resistant coliforms in mice faeces. A control
      experiment was conducted with five groups of germ-free mice given the same flora
      and kept without drugs in separate isolators. No difference in the occurrence of
      resistant coliforms could be found between these groups. The germ-free mouse
      associated with faecal microflora from a conventional animal seems to be a
      suitable model for determining in vivo the effect of low doses of antimicrobial
      drugs on drug resistance in lactose-fermenting enteric flora.

PMID- 6372583
TI  - Recognition of antibodies as labeled globulins.

PMID- 6372584
TI  - Defined immunofluorescence and related cytochemical procedures.

PMID- 6372585
TI  - Description of two differently distributed central nervous system antigens with
      single monoclonal antibody and different methods of fixation.

PMID- 6372586
TI  - Single and double immunoenzymatic techniques for labeling tissue sections with
      monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 6372587
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies in immunoenzyme studies of breast cancer.

PMID- 6372588
TI  - Localization of LDL in arteries: improvements in immunofluorescence procedures.
AB  - We have described the development of procedures used to localize LDL in arteries
      with atherosclerotic lesions from humans and experimental animal models. We have
      first illustrated data obtained from earlier cryostat studies, described the
      procedures, given examples of results of LDL localization in sections of paraffin
      embedded blocks, and finally outlined the procedures used and examples for LDL
      localization in epoxy-embedded blocks. Future improvements in resolution of LDL
      localization will probably require performing electron microscopy on ultrathin
      sections of epoxy-embedded arteries followed by immunocytochemistry.

PMID- 6372589
TI  - Immunohistological demonstration of serum proteins and structural and viral
      antigens in paraffin sections of nervous tissues.
AB  - A brief outline is given of applications of immunohistological techniques to the
      study of normal and diseased nervous tissue. Protease treatment of paraffin
      sections usually enhances sensitivity and reliability both of IF and PAP
      techniques. Sensitivity of immunohistological examination of paraffin sections is
      comparable to that of virus detection by normal virological techniques in animal
      rabies and slightly superior to EM search for virions in SSPE and PML.
      Immunostaining for MBP appears to be the most sensitive method for myelin,
      especially for demonstration of very thin myelin sheaths, which are important in
      studies of myelogenesis and cortical myeloarchitecture. Prolonged fixation in
      formalin clearly diminishes or abolishes immunoreactivity. Compacted myelin
      stains less well for MBP than preparative myelin artefacts and the surface of
      myelinated fibers. GFAP production is enhanced when glioma cells invade
      surrounding mesenchymal structures. The chance finding of GFAP-like
      immunoreactivity in a cancer metastasis casts doubt on the astroglial specificity
      of GFAP.

PMID- 6372590
TI  - Identification of rabies antigen in human and animal tissues.

PMID- 6372591
TI  - Immunofluorescence study of the antigens of the basement membrane and the
      peritumoral stroma in human colonic adenocarcinomas.
AB  - Twenty-three colonic adenocarcinomas were studied by immunofluorescence with
      antisera against components of the basement membrane (type IV collagen, laminin,
      and heparan sulfate-rich proteoglycan) as well as antisera against antigens of
      the connective tissue (type III collagen, fibronectin, and hyaluronectin). Marked
      alterations of the basement membranes were consistently observed on staining with
      each one of the first three antisera. In contrast, staining of the normal
      components of connective tissue was in most cases as intense in tumors as in
      normal colonic mucosa. Hyaluronectin, a marker of peritumoral stroma, was found
      to be present in 13 out of 16 tumors studied. In six metastatic lymph nodes,
      tumor foci were sometimes surrounded by antigens of the basement membrane. But
      these antigens were never found in the cytoplasm of cancer cells.

PMID- 6372592
TI  - Detection of human malignant melanoma antigens by immunofluorescence and
      autologous postimmune antimelanoma sera.
AB  - The objectives of this study are to demonstrate the specificity of sera from
      melanoma patients undergoing autologous immunization and to localize melanoma
      antigens on a cellular level. Five melanoma patients were immunized with
      autologous melanoma cells and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin. This immunization program
      was conducted at Tulane University. Indirect immunofluorescence using both viable
      and fixed melanoma cells was employed. Four of five postimmune sera were reactive
      to five of seven melanoma cell lines. Two of the four reactive antisera showed
      positive binding with two additional melanoma lines obtained from other
      laboratories. All these sera were negative against seven nonmelanoma lines.
      Negative controls consisted of sera from 65 nonimmunized melanoma patients and
      140 nonmelanoma patients. Membrane immunofluorescence (MIF) demonstrated
      sequential full MIF, capping, polarization, and extrusion of antigen-antibody
      complexes on the cell surface. MIF inhibition showed shedding of melanoma
      antigens in the culture medium. Ethanol, methanol, formalin, trichloroacetic
      acid, and acetone yielded sharp MIF. Isopentane and isooctane gave bright
      cytoplasmic fluorescence. In conclusion, this study provides suggestive evidence
      for the existence of common melanoma antigens as defined by the postimmune
      antimelanoma sera. These antigens may be localized in the membrane or within the
      cytoplasm.

PMID- 6372593
TI  - S-100 protein: a marker for melanocytic tumors.

PMID- 6372594
TI  - Basement membrane-producing tumors as antigenic substrate for the demonstration
      of anti-basement membrane antibodies.

PMID- 6372595
TI  - Recent advances in the study of autoimmune endocrine diseases by the use of
      immunofluorescence.

PMID- 6372596
TI  - Prospects and problems in the definition and standardization of
      immunofluorescence. I. Present levels of reproducibility and disease specificity
      of antinuclear antibody tests.

PMID- 6372597
TI  - Rectification of immunological abnormalities and lupus nephritis by the transfer
      of bone marrow cells.
AB  - Two-month old MRL/1 mice, which spontaneously develop lymphoproliferative
      syndrome and severe lupus nephritis at 4-5 months of age, were irradiated and
      reconstituted with bone marrow cells from a congenic strain MRL/n mice. In the
      chimeric (n----1) mice, the early onset of the lupus nephritis was prevented as
      evidenced by decrease in the degree of proteinuria, diminished intensity of
      immune deposits in glomeruli, and milder histopathologic changes in kidneys.
      Lymph node swelling as well as generation of a large number of splenic IgSC was
      also prevented. Anti-ss DNA antibody response in the chimeric mice, however,
      varied tremendously from one animal to another.

PMID- 6372598
TI  - Methodological aspects of immunofluorescence applied to nephrology.
AB  - The influences of different conditions of specimens and conjugates, especially of
      pretreatments on the fluorescent patterns of kidneys with positive staining for
      immunoglobulins were examined. The nature of immunoglobulins might be
      differentiated by the proper combination of pretreatments. It was also found that
      fluorescent patterns of kidneys were remarkably changed by different
      methodological conditions.

PMID- 6372599
TI  - A functional assay for complement-activating antibodies to the cutaneous basement
      membrane zone.

PMID- 6372600
TI  - Experimental production of intercellular antibodies in monkeys.

PMID- 6372601
TI  - Pemphigus and pemphigoid in dogs, cats, and horses.

PMID- 6372602
TI  - Immunofluorescence studies in psoriasis: detection of antibodies to stratum
      corneum in psoriatic scales.

PMID- 6372603
TI  - Use of immunofluorescence in the study of the pathogenesis of respiratory
      syncytial virus infection.

PMID- 6372604
TI  - Immunofluorescence in diagnostic virology.

PMID- 6372605
TI  - Enzyme immunoassays for the diagnosis of viral infections.

PMID- 6372607
TI  - Trends in the localization of bacterial antigens by immunoelectron microscopy.

PMID- 6372606
TI  - Immunologic cross-reactivity between Streptococcus mutans and mammalian tissues.
AB  - The presence of cross-reacting antigens shared by oral streptococci and human and
      monkey tissue was investigated by indirect immunofluorescence. Rabbit antisera
      prepared against two strains of each of the seven serotypes of Streptococcus
      mutans were incubated on sections of cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, kidney,
      brain, liver, and skin. Antisera to S. mutans, serotype g, strain OMZ-65 reacted
      with cardiac muscle components. This reactivity could be reduced by absorption
      with bacterial cell membranes. Antisera to S. mutans serotype g, strain K-1
      reacted with both cardiac and skeletal muscle but could not be reduced by
      absorption with bacterial cells, cell walls, or cell membranes. Antisera to S.
      mutans serotype g, strain OMZ-65 reacted with kidney glomeruli and could be
      completely absorbed by a cell wall preparation. S. mutans, serotype e, strain
      MT703 also reacted with kidney glomeruli but could not be reduced by absorption
      with bacterial antigens.

PMID- 6372608
TI  - Prospects and problems in the definition and standardization of
      immunofluorescence. II. A quantitative assay for antibody protein of FITC-labeled
      anti-IgG conjugates.

PMID- 6372609
TI  - Albert H. Coons. In memoriam.

PMID- 6372610
TI  - Standardization in immunofluorescence.

PMID- 6372611
TI  - Future development of immunologic reference preparations.

PMID- 6372612
TI  - Preparation of monomeric Fab'-horseradish peroxidase conjugate using thiol groups
      in the hinge and its evaluation in enzyme immunoassay and immunohistochemical
      staining.
AB  - Horseradish peroxidase and Fab' were conjugated by using thiol groups in the
      hinge of Fab'. Maleimide or pyridyl disulfide groups were introduced into
      peroxidase by treatment with N-succinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1
      carboxylate or N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate and were allowed to
      react with thiol groups in the hinge of Fab'. The conjugates were obtained in
      high yields with a minimal polymerization and without impairing the activities of
      peroxidase and antibodies, and were superior to those prepared using amino groups
      of Fab' by the glutaraldehyde and periodate methods in performing sandwich enzyme
      immunoassay and immunohistochemical staining. The conjugate yield was higher in
      the maleimide method than in the pyridyl disulfide method.

PMID- 6372613
TI  - Introduction: the nature of defined immunocytochemical studies.

PMID- 6372614
TI  - Recurrent Fusarium keratomycosis: a light and electron microscopic study.
AB  - Corneal buttons infected with Fusarium solani, were removed during penetrating
      keratoplasty, and studied by light and electron microscopy. Histologically, it
      appeared that the hyphae penetrated Descement 's membrane and the posterior
      stroma from the anterior chamber. Their cell wall, plasmalemma, and cytoplasm
      were preserved indicating that the fungi might be still active despite antifungal
      therapy, which may not be effective once the fungus penetrates Descemet's
      membrane. The other interesting feature was the total lack of phagocytic activity
      of macrophages on adjacent fungal hyphae indicating possible suppression of host
      defense responses in this cornea. Patients with fungal keratitis should be
      treated with antifungal drugs at an early stage, and therapeutic penetrating
      keratoplasty appears to be most effective, if performed before the fungus
      penetrates the barrier of Descemet's membrane.

PMID- 6372615
TI  - [Chemotherapy of carcinoma of the respiratory and digestive tracts with vindesine
      sulfate. Phase II clinical trial].
AB  - Results of a phase II clinical trial of vindesine sulfate in differentiated
      carcinoma of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts demonstrated good
      efficacy, with 6 objective responses in the 14 patients with interpretable
      reports several toxic reactions were observed, three patients developing
      polyneuritis of the upper and lower limbs after doses of 33 to 40 mg of DVA.
      Hematologic toxicity was moderate and regressive.

PMID- 6372616
TI  - [Chlamydia trachomatis urogenital infections].

PMID- 6372617
TI  - [Isolation and identification of 2 new pathogenic strains of Naegleria
      australiensis].
AB  - We report here the isolation of two pathogenic Naegleria strains which by their
      biological (thermotolerance, axenisation, pathogenicity), biochemical (zymogram
      patterns), and antigenic characters can be identified as belonging to N.
      australiensis whereas only one strain (type species PP 397) was known until now.
      The pathogenicity among this genus of free-living amoebas is no more an exclusive
      feature of N. fowleri.

PMID- 6372618
TI  - [Pubertal meno-metrorrhagia].

PMID- 6372619
TI  - [Stein-Leventhal syndrome in adolescents. Study of a series of 34 cases].

PMID- 6372620
TI  - [Salpingitis in adolescents].

PMID- 6372621
TI  - [Conditions for pigmentation of a facultatively methylotrophic bacterial strain:
      Corynebacterium sp. XG].

PMID- 6372622
TI  - Late results of multidisciplinary management of unilateral cleft lip and palate.
AB  - A model was designed for evaluating protocol and management strategies in the
      multidisciplinary approach to cleft lip and palate treatment. The treatment
      history and present status of 45 patients 14 to 22 years of age were evaluated by
      a plastic surgeon, orthodontist, and speech pathologist. Results indicated that
      only about half of these patients had completed treatment by one of the
      specialties by the time they were 14 years or older. Even more surprisingly, only
      7 patients (16%) had completed treatment by all three specialties by this age.
      Factors that may contribute to this low percentage of completed treatments are
      discussed.

PMID- 6372623
TI  - Milestones in modern plastic surgery. A study of the vascularization of
      experimental bone grafts by means of radioactive phosphorus and the transparent
      chamber. By Clifford L. Kiehn, Frank Cebul, Marvin Berg, James Gutentag and
      Donald M. Glover. 1952.

PMID- 6372624
TI  - Facial contour reconstruction with free flaps.
AB  - Augmentation of facial soft tissues is frequently required in Romberg's disease,
      lateral facial dysplasia, lipodystrophy, and following tumor resections. The
      buried deepithelialized free groin flap provides a satisfactory solution to this
      problem. Technical refinements have ensured the survival of the flap and the
      sophistication of the contour correction. These refinements are a careful
      analysis of the defect, appropriate contouring prior to revascularization of the
      flap, slight over-correction of the eyelid defect, and a submandibular incision
      for improved exposure. The groin flap provides the soft, natural reconstruction
      desired by the patient. All patients with Romberg's disease maintained the bulk
      of their reconstructions.

PMID- 6372625
TI  - Neurovascular island flaps from the plantar vessels and nerves for foot
      reconstruction.
AB  - We describe patients in whom neurovascular island flaps from the large, second,
      and third toes were used for resurfacing defects on the plantar aspect of the
      foot. The flap has proved to be both reliable and durable in all instances. Two
      cases in which protective sensation was transferred to previously insensate areas
      are described.

PMID- 6372626
TI  - The superficial inferior epigastric artery flap for coverage of hand and forearm
      defects.
AB  - Large wounds of the hand and upper extremity require secure closure for
      protection of the underlying structures. The skin of the lower abdomen can be
      raised in a lenticular fashion, supported by the superficial inferior epigastric
      artery and veins and applied as a flap to wounds of the distal upper extremity.
      The flap demonstrates versatility in positioning, and the donor site can be
      closed in a linear fashion. Viability of this superficial inferior epigastric
      artery flap is demonstrated by the case reports.

PMID- 6372627
TI  - Hunterian oration. The continuing message.

PMID- 6372628
TI  - The skeptical chirurgeon.

PMID- 6372629
TI  - Surgical research--curiosity and luck: personal observations and prejudices.

PMID- 6372630
TI  - John Hunter, velvet and vascular surgery.

PMID- 6372631
TI  - Evaluation of pulmonary vascularity in children as seen on digital angiography.

PMID- 6372632
TI  - Computed tomography of the cranio-cervical junction in children.

PMID- 6372633
TI  - Report of a new case of neonatal cortical hyperostosis. Histological and
      ultrastructural study.

PMID- 6372634
TI  - [Keratoacanthoma. Apropos of a giant keratoacanthoma of the eyelid].

PMID- 6372635
TI  - [Experimental comparison of the reliability and speed of execution of 2 technics
      of vascular microsuture by triangulation and quadrangulation].

PMID- 6372636
TI  - [The adventitial suture. Experimental study of its value in vascular
      microsurgery].

PMID- 6372637
TI  - [Adrenergic control of adipocyte metabolism].

PMID- 6372638
TI  - [Insulin and adipocyte differentiation].

PMID- 6372639
TI  - [The LH pulse: a quantum of hormonal energy].

PMID- 6372640
TI  - [Syndromes of resistance to androgens].

PMID- 6372641
TI  - [Renin system inhibitors at the level of the renin-substrate reaction].

PMID- 6372642
TI  - [Chromosomal phylogeny of Gerbillidae. III. Species study of the genera Tatera,
      Taterillus, Psammomys and Pachyuromys].
AB  - The karyotypes of six species of Gerbillidae (Rodentia)--Taterillus congicus,
      Tetarillus sp d'Oursi, Tatera sp cf. nigrita, Tatera guineae, Psammomys obesus,
      and Pachyuromys duprasi--are described and compared to those of species already
      studied. Many chromosomal homoeologies are demonstrated, as well as the existence
      of many rearrangements. Some genera, e.g., Taterillus, have undergone a very
      complex chromosomal evolution, while others have kept their karyotypes fairly
      close to that of the common ancestor.

PMID- 6372643
TI  - Familial paracentric inversion inv(3)(q21q25.1). Case report and review of the
      literature.
AB  - A second case of a paracentric inversion 3q is described. This anomaly was
      detected during prenatal analysis and found to be inherited from the father.

PMID- 6372644
TI  - Opsonic activity of ascitic fluids from Plasmodium falciparum-infected Saimiri
      monkey: positive correlation with protection in passive transfer assay.
AB  - An investigation into the protective activity of ascitic fluids from Saimiri
      monkeys infected with Plasmodium falciparum and the role played by opsonins in
      that activity was undertaken. P. falciparum-parasitized blood was collected from
      splenectomized Saimiri (when parasitaemia reached at least 20% or more) and used
      in an in vitro phagocytic assay including ascitic fluid and cultures of
      peripheral blood monocytes from normal Saimiri. Under the conditions of this in
      vitro assay, we found that ascitic fluid phagocytosis-promoting factors were
      opsonic rather than cytophilic. The opsonic activity was highly specific for
      parasitized red blood cells and was effective against all stages of development
      of the parasite. A highly positive relationship between in vitro opsonizing
      activity and in vivo protective capacity of immune ascitic fluid was found.

PMID- 6372645
TI  - [An immunoenzyme technic for demonstrating the molecular hybridization of nucleic
      acids].
AB  - An immunoenzymatic procedure has been developed based on the use of monoclonal
      antibodies specific for 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BdUr). It allows the detection of
      BdUr-labelled DNA immobilized on a nitrocellulose filter. Using this procedure,
      it was possible to detect up to 0.5 pg of mammalian DNA labelled in vivo with
      BdUr, 5 pg of nick-translated BdUr-labelled PBR-322 and, using this latter probe
      and dot-blot hybridization, 50 pg of native unlabelled PBR-322.

PMID- 6372646
TI  - Baclofen in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: double-blind study and long
      term follow-up.
AB  - A double-blind crossover study of the effects of baclofen was conducted on 10
      patients with typical trigeminal neuralgia. Baclofen significantly decreased the
      number of painful paroxysms in 7 of the 10 patients. An open trial in another 50
      patients with trigeminal neuralgia refractory to or unable to tolerate
      carbamazepine showed that 37 (74%) were relieved of their attacks by baclofen,
      either alone (12 patients) or in combination with previously ineffective doses of
      carbamazepine or phenytoin (25). On long-term follow-up of one to five years
      (mean, 3.0 years), 18 of the 60 patients (30%) continued pain free while
      receiving baclofen; 10 (17%) went into remission after 3 to 6 months; 13 (22%)
      became refractory to baclofen after 1 to 18 months; and 2 (3%) elected operation
      despite a good response to baclofen. The results indicate that baclofen is a
      useful drug in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.

PMID- 6372647
TI  - Medullasin activity in granulocytes of patients with multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Medullasin activity in mature granulocytes was measured in the blood of 22
      patients with multiple sclerosis (definite type, 16; probable type, 6). The
      activity was elevated in every patient in relapse; it decreased to nearly normal
      levels at the beginning of improvement and further decreased to normal levels
      with remission. Serial determinations of the level of medullasin activity in 3
      patients revealed that activity increased several days before the onset of acute
      exacerbation. Medullasin activity level in mature granulocytes obtained from
      patients with neurological diseases other than multiple sclerosis was largely
      within the normal range, except in 2 patients with spinocerebellar degeneration.
      Measurement of medullasin activity in mature granulocytes may become useful in
      both diagnosis and evaluation of multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 6372648
TI  - Amyloid plaques in the brains of mice with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
AB  - By intracerebral inoculation with the brain homogenates from 9 patients with
      Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, amyloid plaques were induced in mouse brains after
      incubation periods of 403 to 835 days. The plaques existed mainly in the cerebral
      white matter beneath the lateral ventricle walls and were more numerous in the
      hemisphere where injection was made. Morphological findings of the plaques were
      almost identical to those seen in patients with kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob
      disease, and in animals with scrapie. They were also similar to the cores of
      senile plaques seen in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 6372649
TI  - Indications for marrow transplantation.
AB  - Marrow grafting, originally considered only for end-stage patients after failure
      of all other treatment, is now the treatment of choice for a variety of malignant
      and nonmalignant diseases. Donor and recipient selection and the results of
      marrow transplantation for various diseases and stages of diseases are
      summarized.

PMID- 6372650
TI  - Graft-versus-host disease: pathophysiological and clinical aspects.
AB  - Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a syndrome observed after allogeneic marrow
      transplantation and presumably mediated by donor T lymphocytes reactive against
      the tissues of the recipient. Clinically relevant acute GVHD develops in 35-50%
      of patients given HLA-identical marrow grafts within the first 100 days of
      transplantation. The main target organs are skin, liver, and intestinal tract.
      Approximately one half of the patients with moderately severe to severe disease
      die, usually from associated infections. Prevention of acute GVHD by placing the
      patient in protective isolation, immunosuppressive treatment after grafting, or
      removal of donor lymphocytes from the marrow inoculum has, as yet, not been
      uniformly successful. Treatment of established GVHD involves the use of
      immunosuppressants such as glucocorticosteroids, antithymocyte globulin,
      cyclosporine, and monoclonal antibodies. Chronic GVHD usually develops 100-500
      days after transplantation and affects about 45% of all long-term survivors. The
      main target organs are the same as those of acute GVHD and, in addition, lacrimal
      and salivary glands, and mucous and serous membranes; the clinical picture
      resembles that of a number of collagen-vascular diseases. The incidence of
      chronic GVHD is higher in patients with previous acute GVHD and it increases with
      patient age. Treatment involves immunosuppressive and cytotoxic drugs. Patients
      are highly susceptible to bacterial and fungal infections that are lethal in a
      small proportion of patients.

PMID- 6372652
TI  - Physiological bases for new approaches to mechanical ventilation.
AB  - High frequency ventilatory (HFV) techniques offer potential advantages over
      conventional forms of mechanical ventilation in patients with diverse forms of
      respiratory insufficiency. In some respects, HFV challenges conventional
      physiologic concepts regarding gas transport in the lung. We review hypotheses
      regarding the mechanism of gas transport and provide a brief perspective on
      current clinical applications of these techniques.

PMID- 6372651
TI  - Prognosis after recovery from acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, ventricular arrhythmias, and ischemic jeopardy
      independently determine outcome after recovery from acute myocardial infarction.
      Because death and reinfarction are most common early after hospital discharge,
      predischarge assessment of risk is optimal. Noninvasive methods can adequately
      detect LV dysfunction and ventricular arrhythmias, but coronary angiography is
      needed to assess ischemic risk in several subsets of patients. Management should
      be guided by the magnitude and functional nature of risk factors.

PMID- 6372653
TI  - Platelets in glomerular disease.
AB  - Platelets are inflammatory cell fragments derived from the same stem cells as
      polymorphs and macrophages. They can induce inflammation and release chemotactic
      and mitogenic substances. There is evidence from both experimental and clinical
      nephritis that they are involved in mediating or amplifying glomerular injury by
      increasing vascular permeability and by promoting glomerular cell proliferation
      and infiltration. The nephrotic state renders platelets hyperaggregable.

PMID- 6372654
TI  - Pathogenesis and management of lactic acidosis.
AB  - This chapter reviews the current concepts concerning the pathogenesis and
      treatment of lactic acidosis. The biochemistry of lactic acidosis and the
      physiology of lactate homeostasis, particularly as it relates to interorgan
      lactate flux and the role of the liver, are stressed. Limitations of bicarbonate
      therapy and the potential benefits of a new drug, dichloroacetate, in the
      treatment of lactic acidosis are discussed.

PMID- 6372655
TI  - Clinical use of androgens.
AB  - The principal clinical use of androgens is the treatment of testosterone
      deficiency in a male who has primary hypogonadism or who has secondary
      hypogonadism but is not interested in becoming fertile within the subsequent
      year. For the treatment of testosterone deficiency in the adult male, one of the
      two long-acting esters of testosterone, testosterone enanthate or testosterone
      cypionate, should be administered by intramuscular injection, 200 mg every two
      weeks or 300 mg every three weeks. The alkylated testosterone derivatives, which
      can be administered orally, are probably too weak as androgens to be used for the
      treatment of adult male hypogonadism, but they may have value in situations where
      full androgenization is not desired, such as adjuvant treatment of breast
      carcinoma.

PMID- 6372656
TI  - Critical appraisal of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - Peritoneal dialysis is an effective means of treating chronic renal insufficiency
      and is gaining acceptance. When performed intermittently, several times each day,
      peritoneal dialysis permits mobility and home therapy that might otherwise not be
      possible for patients unsuitable for a kidney transplant. Peritonitis, catheter
      obstruction, and loss of dialyzing surface are problems requiring solution before
      peritoneal dialysis can be regarded as preferable to home hemodialysis.

PMID- 6372657
TI  - The influence of the diet on the progression of renal insufficiency.
AB  - Although dietary protein restriction will protect the residual renal function of
      rats with chronic renal failure (CRF), the mechanism for this beneficial effect
      is unknown. Since methods for measuring the progression of renal insufficiency in
      individual patients have become available, a similar protective effect of dietary
      manipulation has been sought in patients with CRF. Available evidence indicates
      that dietary manipulation can substantially slow the loss of renal function at
      early and late stages of CRF.

PMID- 6372658
TI  - Epidemiology of alcoholism and prospects for treatment.
AB  - This chapter reviews current American drinking patterns and the prevalence of
      problems resulting from alcohol use. The general population is discussed first.
      Then a look at five subgroups within the population is presented. These groups
      are older adults, adolescents, women, Blacks, and Hispanics. For the general
      population as well as each of the five subgroups, the prospects regarding
      treatment outcome are discussed.

PMID- 6372659
TI  - Transplantation of osteochondral allografts.
AB  - Osteochondral allografts represent an alternative source of satisfactory tissue
      for reconstruction of skeletal deficits associated with traumatic, degenerative,
      and neoplastic disorders of the skeleton. Methods of banking (donor selection,
      tissue removal and preservation) have been developed that are compatible with
      long-term storage of bacteriologically safe and biologically effective bone and
      cartilage grafts. Immune responses to graft-associated antigens have been
      evaluated, but their biological significance remains unknown. The use of massive
      osteochondral allografts in limb-sparing approaches to the treatment of bone
      tumors has been particularly rewarding. Provided that the lesion is appropriately
      resected, the graft is properly implanted and protected, and infection is
      avoided, good and excellent clinical results can be anticipated in 75-80% of the
      cases.

PMID- 6372660
TI  - Cellular action of calcium channel blocking drugs.
AB  - The calcium antagonists are an exciting "class" of drugs that are already making
      an important impact in the treatment of coronary artery disease. All three drugs
      in use in the US, verapamil, nifedipine, and diltiazem, are effective coronary
      vasodilators. In addition, verapamil and diltiazem have antiarrhythmic activity
      against certain supraventricular abnormalities. Since the calcium antagonists
      dilate peripheral resistance vessels, they may also be useful in hypertension.
      There are reports also that they may be effective in migraine headache, probably
      because of their "antispastic" activity in cerebral vessels. Since calcium is
      ultimately involved in all processes that require stimulation, either electrical
      or chemical, it is not surprising that drugs whose primary effect appears to be
      an inhibition of the entry of calcium across or through cell membranes should
      exhibit a wide spectrum of therapeutic activity. The stereospecific binding of
      dihydropyridine derivatives to membrane preparations, and the effects of those
      and other calcium antagonists on the binding process, should yield important
      information on the mechanisms of calcium antagonist action.

PMID- 6372661
TI  - Dysplasia and malignancy in inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - Ulcerative colitis is a highly premalignant condition, particularly when there is
      total colonic involvement with a disease duration of 10 or more years. Screening
      of appropriately selected individuals at risk for colon cancer by periodic
      surveillance for colonic dysplasia appears to be useful in detecting those
      lesions at an early treatable stage. The histology of dysplasia, a term reserved
      for epithelial changes that are unequivocally neoplastic, is still not completely
      defined, and requires a pathologist familiar with the lesion for its proper
      interpretation. There is a mildly increased risk of cancer of the colon and
      intestine in Crohn's disease, but screening of these patients does not appear to
      be clinically warranted.

PMID- 6372662
TI  - Carcinoma of the prostate: the therapeutic dilemma.
AB  - The management of prostatic carcinoma remains confusing; however, recent studies
      indicate that treatment selection should be based upon the anatomic extent of
      disease. Disease that is confined within the anatomic limits of the prostate is
      best treated by surgically removing the gland. Disease that extends outside of
      the anatomic confines of the prostate is managed with difficulty and the optimum
      treatment is as yet undetermined. Disease that is symptomatic and involves
      distant sites is apparently best treated initially by androgen deprivation and
      then by multiagent chemotherapy if this fails.

PMID- 6372663
TI  - Very low calorie diets in the management of obesity.
AB  - Very low calorie diets (VLCD) consisting of 300-500 kcal are known to be an
      effective means of weight reduction. Several years ago the most popular VLCD were
      found to be associated with cardiac arrhythmias and, in some cases, unexpected
      death. Although the cause(s) of cardiac irritability has never been determined,
      this problem appears to be markedly diminished by vigorous supplementation of the
      diets with essential elements, micronutrients, vitamins. Based on current
      knowledge, recommendations for VLCD usage are provided.

PMID- 6372664
TI  - Alkaline reflux gastritis and esophagitis.
AB  - Alkaline reflux (bile) gastritis and esophagitis result from mucosal injury by
      duodenal contents. Bile gastritis occurs after gastric surgery, cholecystectomy,
      ampullary sphincteroplasty, and, rarely, in nonoperated patients. Diagnostic
      features include chronic, continuous epigastric pain, exacerbated by eating,
      bilious vomiting, weight loss, iron deficiency anemia, achlorhydria, gastritis,
      and intragastric bile. The pathophysiology probably relates to excess
      enterogastric reflux and bile-induced mucosal damage. There is no perfect
      diagnostic test, but chemical and scintigraphic documentation of enterogastric
      reflux, as well as provocative testing with alkali solutions, are promising new
      techniques. Medical therapy with antacids, H2 antagonists, bile salt absorbants,
      and metoclopramide has been without significant benefit. Prostaglandins and
      sucralfate are now being evaluated. Surgical therapy that diverts duodenal
      contents away from the stomach is usually of benefit in appropriately selected
      patients. Alkaline reflux esophagitis shares many features with alkaline
      gastritis.

PMID- 6372665
TI  - Cardiac arrhythmias in children.
AB  - Recent interest in cardiac arrhythmias in children has been stimulated by a
      growing awareness of primary rhythm disorders in children, by the appearance of
      rhythm disorders following repair of many congenital heart defects, and by recent
      developments in clinical electrophysiology. This chapter focuses on developmental
      clinical cardiac electrophysiology, the spectrum of tachycardias in children, and
      the frequency, mechanism, and therapeutic decisions regarding cardiac arrhythmias
      in children who have had surgery for congenital heart disease.

PMID- 6372666
TI  - Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
AB  - Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is an important cause of the nephrotic
      syndrome in children and adults. This paper reviews the pathogenesis, clinical
      manifestations, morphology, and treatment of focal glomerulosclerosis. In
      addition, it considers the recently described association of focal
      glomerulosclerosis with nonglomerular renal diseases and the possible role of
      this glomerular lesion in progressive renal failure.

PMID- 6372667
TI  - Ultrastructural, cellular, and clinical features of the immotile-cilia syndrome.
AB  - The immotile-cilia syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease of the microtubules
      of ciliated cells and spermatozoa, and possibly also of neutrophil leukocytes; it
      affects approximately 1 in 20,000 people. A variety of aberrations in the
      axonemal microtubular apparatus has been observed. The most common is deficiency
      of dynein-arms, which leads to immotility or erratic movement of spermatozoa and
      respiratory tract cilia. The result is male sterility, and chronic or recurrent
      respiratory tract infections and bronchiectasis due to absence of mucociliary
      clearance. In addition, 50% of the persons have situs inversus and hence
      Kartagener's syndrome.

PMID- 6372668
TI  - The lung as an immunologic organ.
AB  - Considerable information exists and is reviewed and summarized to support the
      suggestion that the lungs are a major contributor to immunity. The immune
      response differs in quantity and quality in different parts of the lung and this
      response depends in magnitude and type on a number of factors such as previous
      exposure, nature of the antigen, amount, etc. The ways in which these pulmonary
      immune responses are regulated and may be augmented and harnessed are discussed.

PMID- 6372669
TI  - Physiological pacemakers.
AB  - It has long been possible to prevent death from bradycardia by using single
      chamber ventricular pacemakers. Important advances in dual-chamber pacemaker
      technology now make physiological control of cardiac output during pacing almost
      a reality. These pacemakers have properly timed atrial contraction and rate
      variability and have significant hemodynamic advantages over ventricular
      pacemakers. The pathophysiology of bradycardia and the current status of
      physiological pacemakers are reviewed in this article.

PMID- 6372670
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of tricyclic antidepressants.
AB  - Overdoses of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) leave no doubt that TCA drugs at
      high concentrations have serious cardiac effects. It has been assumed that, to a
      lesser extent, these effects will occur at usual therapeutic concentration.
      Recent prospective, plasma-level-controlled studies have improved our
      understanding of these drugs and proved these assumptions to be inaccurate. The
      most common serious cardiovascular complication of most tricyclic drugs is
      orthostatic hypotension. Tricyclic antidepressants are essentially free of any
      other serious adverse effects in depressed patients without cardiovascular
      disease. In patients with preexisting bundle-branch disease, there is a risk of
      heart block. On the other hand, patients with ventricular arrhythmias are likely
      to have their arrhythmias improve with TCA therapy. Finally, therapeutic doses of
      TCA have little adverse effect on left ventricular performance, but at least with
      imipramine there is a dramatic increase in orthostatic hypotension in those
      patients with impaired left ventricular function. Understanding these principles,
      TCA drugs can often be used to benefit depressed patients with overt heart
      disease.

PMID- 6372671
TI  - High blood pressure in the young.
AB  - Essential hypertension begins in early childhood. Current evidence suggests that
      those children persisting at high levels over time may be considered to have
      essential hypertension. The evaluation of high levels is best judged from blood
      pressure percentile grids representing population measurements, as long as the
      methods used to measure blood pressure and to generate the grids are similar.
      Resting, basal blood pressure measurements are more reproducible and are better
      for following the time course of blood pressure levels in children. Measurements
      should be made in an unhurried, relaxed atmosphere by trained observers using
      adequately lighted instruments placed at eye level and a cuff size appropriate
      for the child's arm length and circumference. Repeated observations and serial
      blood pressure measurements of growing children are necessary for judgments of
      abnormal levels. There is a progressive rise of approximately 1.5 mm Hg systolic
      and 1 mm Hg diastolic pressure per year of age, but blood pressure levels in the
      growing child are more closely related to height. In most instances elevated
      blood pressure levels in children cannot be attributed to secondary causes.
      Various hemodynamic and biochemical mechanisms have been identified in the early
      stages of hypertension, and mechanisms contributing to the development of
      hypertension may be of different magnitudes in black children and white children.
      Studies following young adults over many years have shown the predictive value of
      baseline blood pressure levels for subsequent hypertension. Children tracking at
      the high percentiles can be identified and are candidates for early intervention.
      The key to early prevention of essential hypertension is to influence children
      and adolescents to adopt lifestyles that promote good health and prevent
      development of cardiovascular risk factors.

PMID- 6372672
TI  - Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity.
AB  - This review of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity begins with a history of the drug and
      consideration of the scope of its current use. The molecular basis for
      hepatotoxicity is discussed and this serves as a background for delineation of
      its clinical manifestations and treatment. Although massive overdose in attempted
      suicide remains the most common setting for hepatotoxicity from acetaminophen,
      its occurrence with ingestion of the drug in therapeutic quantities is being
      recognized increasingly. The particular susceptibility of the alcoholic
      individual to this complication is reviewed, and recommendations regarding more
      complete labelling of the drug are offered.

PMID- 6372673
TI  - Respiratory muscle fatigue and ventilatory failure.
AB  - In this review emphasis is placed on some major mechanisms involved in
      inspiratory muscle fatigue. It is certain that respiratory muscle fatigue is a
      clinical entity, with broad implication in internal medicine. As yet its
      prevalence is largely unknown. There is reasonable certainty of some of the
      mechanisms leading to fatigue, for example the effect of loads and circulation.
      However, the cellular mechanisms, both chemical and electrophysiological, remain
      obscure. In detecting respiratory muscle fatigue various tests already represent
      windows from which we can see the malfunction of some mechanisms, unfortunately
      often not understood. The ideal test to evaluate respiratory muscle fatigue (easy
      to perform, sensitive, specific, and reliable) has not been developed yet. The
      clinical identification of respiratory muscle fatigue is still developing, and
      only tentative guidelines for its treatment can be proposed at this stage.
      Clearly, much research is required to determine prevalence, establish the
      diagnosis, and evaluate therapy.

PMID- 6372674
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies for the diagnosis and treatment of transplant rejection.
AB  - Extensive experience with antibodies to lymphocytes for immunosuppression
      suggested the need for better means of evaluating alterations of peripheral blood
      lymphocytes during treatment. Improved immunosuppression was also anticipated if
      more precise control of selected lymphocyte populations could be achieved. The
      advent of monoclonal antibodies has permitted progress in both of these areas.
      For evaluation of the immune status of patients, the ratio between the numbers of
      the subclass of T lymphocytes having helper/inducer properties and those having
      suppressor/cytotoxic activity (OKT4+/OKT8+ cells) has been explored. Transplant
      rejection is more common in the presence of normal cell ratios than when ratios
      are reversed. In the former situation, however, when rejection occurs it is much
      more readily reversed than in the latter. Monoclonal antibodies have been used to
      treat transplant rejection in both nonhuman primates and in patients. Patient
      trials have so far been confined to the use of the pan-T-cell antibody OKT3. This
      has proved to be the most effective agent available for the reversal of acute
      cellular rejection in human kidney transplants. The problems of recurrent
      rejection activity after treatment and of antibody formation to the monoclonal
      antibody itself are being examined.

PMID- 6372675
TI  - Recent advances in 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
AB  - A deficiency of 21-hydroxylase in the adrenal cortex results in insufficient
      cortisol production. The salt-wasting form of 21-hydroxylase deficiency is
      characterized by inadequate aldosterone production, as well. Because the
      hypothalamic-adrenal negative feedback system is broken, excess adrenal androgens
      are produced. This disordered corticosteroid production causes hormonal and
      clinical symptoms, including pseudohermaphroditism in genetic females and
      disordered puberty in both males and females. There is a spectrum of the time of
      onset and the severity of these symptoms. This disorder is inherited in an
      autosomal recessive manner. The 21-hydroxylase deficiency is genetically linked
      to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex; in addition, nonclassical and
      classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency have each been shown to be in genetic linkage
      disequilibrium with specific HLA-B antigens. This genetic linkage, used in
      conjunction with baseline and stimulated serum hormonal levels, is useful in the
      diagnosis of this disorder. Prenatal diagnosis of homozygote, heterozygote, and
      unaffected fetuses is also available. Adequate treatment with glucocorticoid and
      mineralocorticoid replacement resolves symptoms and enables a normal life.

PMID- 6372676
TI  - Sclerotherapy for bleeding esophageal varices.
AB  - Patients with endoscopically proven variceal bleeding that continues despite
      conservative management require invasive emergency measures to stop hemorrhage
      and improve survival. Injection sclerotherapy is the simplest and most effective
      means currently available. The relative merits of the various techniques and
      sclerosants remain controversial.

PMID- 6372677
TI  - The membranous epithelial (M) cell and the mucosal immune system.
AB  - Membranous epithelial (M) cells are specialized epithelial cells overlying the
      subepithelial lymphoid follicles in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts.
      Antigens, including some viruses and bacteria, penetrate the mucosal barrier via
      the M cell, which endocytoses and transports antigens and microorganisms into the
      Peyer's patch or bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue. Here antigens may initiate
      an immune response and/or disseminate and induce disease. This review discusses
      the structure and function of the M cell, its role in macromolecular uptake, and
      its interaction with the immune system.

PMID- 6372678
TI  - [Identification of the skeleton of Georg Christoph Lichtenberg].
AB  - To reveal the morbidity of George Christoph Lichtenberg, his skeleton was exhumed
      in May 1983. This paper deals with the identification of the skeleton as well as
      with its pathology. Since Lichtenberg left detailed knowledge about his bodily
      appearance in his own writings, and so did his contemporaries, the identity of
      the skeleton can be taken for sure because of the good correspondence of several
      morphological and pathological features.

PMID- 6372679
TI  - Frequencies of cribra orbitalia in central Italy (19th century) under special
      consideration of their degrees of expression.
AB  - According to several hematological and anthropological studies the formation of
      hyperostosis spongiosa orbitae can be attributed to different types of anemias.
      Since especially in Central Italy the different forms of thalassemia as well as
      Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium falciparum have been rather
      vastly distributed a study of this trait (differentiating between degrees of
      expression) on a population sample (125 males, 80 females) including adult,
      mature and senile skulls has been carried out (anatomical series of the medical
      faculty of the University of Siena ). However, the high incidence of this trait,
      though rather weakly expressed (male 56.8%, female 70.0%), and clearly
      classifiable in three degrees of expression also indicates the existence of other
      factors involved. Among these factors the nutritional ones could be excluded
      because this region was scarcely populated and rich in nutritional resources. On
      the other hand, the low content of Fe and Cl anions in the water could be made up
      with the assumption of foods abounding for these elements.

PMID- 6372680
TI  - Determination of flumequine and a hydroxy metabolite in biological fluids by high
      pressure liquid chromatographic, fluorometric, and microbiological methods.
AB  - A sensitive and specific high-pressure liquid chromatographic method is described
      for the determination of the antibacterial drug flumequine and a major
      metabolite, 7-hydroxyflumequine, in human plasma and urine. The assay was linear
      over a concentration range of 1 to 120 micrograms/ml for both compounds. This
      method is compared with fluorometric and microbiological assays for flumequine.
      These latter methods did not differentiate between flumequine and any fluorescent
      or antimicrobiologically active metabolites. However, because essentially all
      drug in the plasma was found to be flumequine in radiolabeled studies, levels of
      unchanged drug in the plasma could be quantitated by either high-pressure liquid
      chromatography or fluorometry. Although only high-pressure liquid chromatography
      was able to specifically measure flumequine in the urine, the antimicrobial
      activity of the urine, which is more therapeutically relevant due to
      antimicrobially active metabolites, could be quantitated by either the
      fluorometric or the microbiological assay.

PMID- 6372681
TI  - Bactericidal activities of chloramphenicol and eleven other antibiotics against
      Salmonella spp.
AB  - The bactericidal activity of chloramphenicol against 27 strains of Salmonella
      typhi and 33 strains of S. enteritidis was compared with those of 11 other
      antibiotics. The geometric mean bactericidal concentrations of chloramphenicol
      against susceptible strains (36.10 and 43.13 micrograms/ml for S. typhi and S.
      enteritidis, respectively) far exceeded those of the other 11 antibiotics, with
      cephalothin having the next highest values (2.67 and 8.66 micrograms/ml) and
      moxalactam (0.09 and 0.28 micrograms/ml), cefotaxime (0.08 and 0.28
      micrograms/ml), ceftriaxone (0.07 and 0.16 micrograms/ml), norfloxacin (0.06 and
      0.10 micrograms/ml), and aztreonam (0.05 and 0.20 micrograms/ml) having the
      lowest values. The results for imipenem (0.24 and 0.81 micrograms/ml) and
      ceftazidime (0.22 and 0.75 micrograms/ml) were lower than those noted for
      trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (1.20 and 5.56 micrograms/ml), cefamandole (0.62
      and 3.29 micrograms/ml), and ampicillin (0.55 and 2.78 micrograms/ml). The MBC of
      chloramphenicol for some isolates decreased with increased incubation times such
      that the proportion of susceptible isolates killed by chloramphenicol at
      concentrations within achievable levels in blood increased from 10% after 24 h to
      26% after 48 h of incubation. Although the MBC of the other 11 antibiotics for
      some isolates were also lowered by prolonged incubation, all 24-h values were
      within achievable levels in blood. The data indicate that chloramphenicol is not
      uniformly bacteriostatic against S. typhi and S. enteritidis. The in vivo
      significance of demonstrating delayed killing by chloramphenicol is, however,
      uncertain.

PMID- 6372682
TI  - Novel carbapenem derivative SF2103A: studies on the mode of beta-lactamase
      inactivation.
AB  - A novel carbapenem, SF2103A, is a strong inhibitor of various types of beta
      lactamase. Equimolar concentrations of SF2103A completely inactivated the
      cephalosporinases of Proteus vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and type Ib and
      type II penicillinases mediated by R plasmids in a progressive manner. The
      inactivation of the two penicillinases and P. vulgaris cephalosporinase was
      apparently irreversible; however, when the inactivated enzymes were separated
      from excess SF2103A by gel filtration, they showed very slow reactivation. The
      hydrolysis of SF2103A by these three beta-lactamases was below the limit of
      detection. It is concluded that SF2103A acts as a tight-binding competitive
      inhibitor for the penicillinases and P. vulgaris cephalosporinase. In contrast,
      the inactivation of C. freundii cephalosporinase by SF2103A was evidently
      reversible. The rate constant of reactivation of the enzyme was compatible with
      the turnover rate of the enzyme in the steady state of SF2103A hydrolysis. Thus,
      SF2103A simply acts as a poor substrate for C. freundii cephalosporinase.

PMID- 6372683
TI  - Anti-Candida activity of polyoxin: example of peptide transport in yeasts.
AB  - The polyoxins, nucleoside peptide antibiotics, are effective inhibitors of chitin
      synthesis in some fungi and yeasts. Although isolated chitin synthetases appear
      to be equally sensitive to inhibition by polyoxins, intact yeast cells are
      relatively insensitive. It has been suggested that polyoxins enter cells by a
      peptide carrier transport mechanism. In this paper, we report results which
      demonstrate that changes in the growth conditions significantly affect the degree
      of sensitivity of Canidida albicans to the polyoxins. For example, a minimal
      inhibitory concentration of 0.1 micrograms/ml was obtained in a defined medium
      compared with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 1,000 micrograms/ml with
      conventional media. Various noninhibitory di- and tripeptides, when added to the
      media, were found to antagonize the anti-Candida activity of polyoxins. In
      addition, polyoxin-resistant mutants of C. albicans were shown to exhibit cross
      resistance with other dipeptide antibiotics. The data reported herein support
      peptide transport of polyoxins in C. albicans.

PMID- 6372684
TI  - In vitro antifungal activities of amphotericin B and liposome-encapsulated
      amphotericin B.
AB  - The in vitro activities of liposome-encapsulated amphotericin B and free
      amphotericin B against Candida albicans 336 were comparable. Amphotericin B
      concentrations 12-fold and greater than 50-fold higher were required to kill the
      same organism when cholesterol and ergosterol were incorporated into the
      liposomes. The addition of cholesterol to liposomes caused a significant increase
      in the minimal fungicidal concentration of amphotericin B in 7 of 19 other yeast
      strains tested, whereas ergosterol caused an increase in 18 of the 19 strains.

PMID- 6372685
TI  - Efficacy of aztreonam in treatment of experimental syphilis in rabbits.
AB  - The efficacy of aztreonam (SQ 26,776) in the therapy of active syphilis infection
      was evaluated in the rabbit model. Aztreonam was effective in treating active
      syphilis at a dose of 25 mg/kg given intramuscularly twice daily for 10 days;
      doses of 2.5 and 0.25 mg/kg were not effective.

PMID- 6372686
TI  - Ceftazidime in the treatment of pediatric patients with severe urinary tract
      infections due to Pseudomonas spp.
AB  - Fifteen pediatric patients with complicated urinary tract infections due to
      Pseudomonas spp. were treated for 10 to 18.5 days with ceftazidime administered
      intramuscularly twice daily. Urine sterilization during therapy was obtained in
      all patients. Three patients had relapses which were cured with a second course
      of ceftazidime. Minor liver damage, eosinophilia, and Candida superinfection
      developed in one patient each.

PMID- 6372687
TI  - Localization of hydrogenase and nitrate reductase in Campylobacter sputorum
      subsp. bubulus.
AB  - Campylobacter sputorum subsp. bubulus contained hydrogenase activity after growth
      with lactate and nitrate and after growth with hydrogen and nitrate. After growth
      with hydrogen and nitrate a molar growth yield (g dry cells/mol hydrogen) of 5.6
      was measured. Hydrogenase and nitrate reductase were membrane-bound enzymes. In
      cells with high hydrogenase activity the----H+/O,----H+/NO2- and----H+/NO3-
      values with hydrogen as the electron donor were 3.74, 2.61 and 4.36 respectively.
      In cells with low hydrogenase activity these values were 2.33, -0.86 and 1.31
      respectively. These values and the stoichiometry of respiration-driven proton
      translocation (----H+/2e = 2) led to the conclusion that hydrogenase is located
      at the periplasmic side of the cytoplasmic membrane. In cells with low lactate
      dehydrogenase activity or low hydrogenase activity the reduction of nitrate to
      nitrite could be separated from the reduction of nitrite to ammonia. Positive---
      H+/NO3- values (between 0.9 and 1.7) with lactate or hydrogen as the electron
      donor were measured in these cells whereas----H+/ NO2- values were negative. From
      this result it was concluded that nitrate reductase is located at the cytoplasmic
      face of the cytoplasmic membrane. The results explain the previous observation
      that molar growth yields with nitrate were somewhat higher than those with
      nitrite.

PMID- 6372688
TI  - Bacterial conjugation in the digestive tracts of gnotoxenic chickens.
AB  - Escherichia coli K-12 Hfr and F- strains were successively implanted in axenic
      chicks. Conjugation with exchanges of chromosomal genes occurred with high
      frequencies in the gut of the chicks and could continue as long as fertile
      strains coexisted in this environment. Almost all of the expected recombinant
      types were recovered in the feces under these experimental conditions.
      Furthermore, these recombinants were analogous to those obtained after
      conjugations in vitro. Recombinants formed in the gut were more numerous when the
      F- strain was seeded before the Hfr strain. The recombinants showed no apparent
      selective advantage over the parental strains in the intestinal medium. They were
      maintained throughout the experimental period and represented more than 10% of
      the total intestinal flora. The chick gut is usually rapidly colonized by other
      bacterial types under natural conditions. The possible effects of other
      components of the bacterial flora on conjugation of E. coli in holoxenic animals
      will require subsequent work with more complex microbiological conditions.

PMID- 6372689
TI  - Colonization of congenitally athymic, gnotobiotic mice by Candida albicans.
AB  - Colony counts, scanning electron microscopy, and light microscopy were used to
      assess the capacity of Candida albicans to colonize (naturally) and infect the
      alimentary tract of adult and neonatal (athymic [nu/nu] or heterozygous [+/nu]
      littermates) germfree BALB/c mice. When exposed to yeast-phase C. albicans, the
      alimentary tract of adult germfree mice (nu/nu or +/nu) is quickly (within 24 to
      48 h) colonized with yeast cells. Neither morbidity nor mortality was evident in
      any mice that were colonized with a pure culture of C. albicans for 6 months.
      Yeast cells of C. albicans predominated on mucosal surfaces in the oral cavities
      and vaginas of adult athymic and heterozygous mice. In both genotypes, C.
      albicans hyphae were observed in keratinized tissue on the dorsal posterior
      tongue surface and in the cardial-atrium section of the stomach. Conversely,
      neonatal athymic or heterozygous mice, born to germfree or C. albicans-colonized
      mothers, do not become heavily colonized or infected with C. albicans until 11 to
      15 days after birth. Although yeast cells adhered to some mucosal surfaces in
      vivo, neither widespread mucocutaneous candidiasis, i.e., invasion of mucosal
      surfaces with C. albicans hyphae, nor overwhelming systemic candidiasis was
      evident in neonatal (nu/nu or +/nu) mice. Thus, even in the absence of functional
      T-cells and a viable bacterial flora, athymic and heterozygous littermate mice
      (adult or neonatal BALB/c) that are colonized with a pure culture of C. albicans
      manifest resistance to extensive mucocutaneous and systemic candidiasis.

PMID- 6372690
TI  - Influence of the membrane on T-2 toxin toxicity in Saccharomyces spp.
AB  - In growing cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, T
      2 toxin inhibits cell growth. We have examined the role of the yeast membranes in
      the uptake mechanism(s) of T-2 toxin. The effects of membrane-modulating agents,
      ethanol, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, Triton X-100, and heat were studied;
      these agents were found to increase the sensitivity of the yeasts toward T-2
      toxin. In the presence of 5% (vol/vol) ethanol, 2 micrograms of T-2 toxin per ml
      caused complete inhibition of growth. In the presence of 1 microgram of
      cetyltrimethylammonium bromide per ml, yeast cells became sensitive to T-2 toxin,
      starting with a concentration of 0.5 micrograms/ml. Triton X-100 at
      concentrations below 1% (vol/vol) sensitized the cells toward T-2 toxin, but at
      higher concentrations it protected the cells from T-2 toxin. Temperatures of
      incubation between 7 and 30 degrees C influenced the growth reduction caused by T
      2 toxin. The greatest observed reduction of growth in T-2 toxin-treated cultures
      occurred at 30 degrees C. To further prove that the membrane influences the
      interaction of T-2 toxin with yeasts, we have studied a yeast mutant with a
      reduced plasma membrane permeability (G. H. Rank et al., Mol. Gen. Genet. 152:13
      18, 1977). This yeast mutant proved to be resistant to T-2 toxin concentrations
      of up to 50 micrograms/ml. These results show that the membrane plays a
      significant role in the interaction of T-2 toxin with yeast cells.

PMID- 6372691
TI  - Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase should not provide methanogens with resistance
      to chloramphenicol.
AB  - Growth of the four methanogens investigated was inhibited by chloramphenicol-3
      acetate; therefore, introduction of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase-encoding
      genes should not confer chloramphenicol resistance on these methanogens.
      Reduction of the aryl nitro group of chloramphenicol produced a compound which
      did not inhibit the growth of these methanogens.

PMID- 6372692
TI  - Immunofluorescent localisation of somatostatin-like cells in the esophagus of a
      protochordate.
AB  - By means of the indirect immunofluorescence method, somatostatin-like
      immunoreactive (SLI) cells are detected in the esophagus of the ascidian Styela
      plicata. They are of the "open" type; they act probably by a paracrine mechanism
      on the esophageal secretin-like cells. The ascidian SLI cells are negative to all
      the specific cytochemical methods characteristic of vertebrate somatostatin (D)
      cells, which were applied in this work. In consequence, special SLI cells are
      probably present in ascidians.

PMID- 6372694
TI  - The use of a cyanine dye in measuring membrane potential in yeast.
AB  - An attempt was made to use 3,3'-dipropylthiacarbocyanine as a membrane potential
      probe in yeast by following both its fluorescence changes and its uptake by the
      cells under different conditions. It was found that the uptake of the dye into
      the cytoplasmic compartment was translated into an increased fluorescence, and
      the uptake by the mitochondria produced a quenching of the fluorescence. The
      experiments to measure uptake showed that a large amount of the dye was taken up
      by the cells under "deenergized" conditions. The uptake of the cyanine, however,
      was significantly reduced by the omission of the substrate, by deenergization of
      the mitochondria, or by the addition of K+, but not by Na+. This cyanine seems to
      be a good, qualitative indicator of the potential of the plasma membrane and of
      the mitochondria of the cells, with a faster response than those probes used
      before in yeast.

PMID- 6372693
TI  - Regulation of ribonucleotide reductase activity in intact mammalian cells.
AB  - An intact cell assay system based upon Tween-80 permeabilization was used to
      investigate the regulation of ribonucleotide reductase activity in Chinese
      hamster ovary cells. Models used to explain the regulation of the enzyme have
      been based upon work carried out with cell-free extracts, although there is
      concern that the properties of such a complex enzyme would be modified by
      extraction procedures. We have used the intact cell assay system to evaluate,
      within whole cells, the current model of ribonucleotide reductase regulation.
      While some of the results agree with the proposals of the model, others do not.
      Most significantly, it was found that ribonucleotide reductase within the intact
      cell could simultaneously bind the nucleoside triphosphate activators for both
      CDP and ADP reductions. According to the model based upon studies with cell-free
      preparations, the binding of one of these nucleotides should exclude the binding
      of others. Also, studies on intracellular enzyme activity in the presence of
      combinations of nucleotide effectors indicate that GTP and perhaps dCTP should be
      included in a model for ribonucleotide reductase regulation. For example, GTP has
      the unique ability to modify through activation both ADP and CDP reductions, and
      synergistic effects were obtained for the reduction of CDP by various
      combinations of ATP and dCTP. In general, studies with intact cells suggest that
      the in vivo regulation of ribonucleotide reductase is more complex than predicted
      from enzyme work with cell-free preparations. A possible mechanism for the in
      vivo regulation of ribonucleotide reductase, which combines observations of
      enzyme activity in intact cells and recent reports of independent substrate
      binding subunits in mammalian cells is discussed.

PMID- 6372695
TI  - Characterization of chloroplast thylakoid polypeptides in the 32-kDa region:
      polypeptide extraction and protein phosphorylation affect binding of photosystem
      II-directed herbicides.
AB  - In order to distinguish between two photosystem II proteins with apparent
      molecular weights of about 32 kDa, mild extraction procedures were used to remove
      several thylakoid membrane components. A 32-kDa protein that stained intensely
      with Coomassie brilliant blue could be extracted from the thylakoid membranes
      without removing the 32-kDa herbicide receptor protein, which stained poorly with
      Coomassie brilliant blue. The nonextracted protein was readily detectable after
      in vivo polypeptide labeling with [35S]methionine or after in vitro covalent
      tagging with [14C]azidoatrazine. The procedures used to extract the intensely
      stained, 32-kDa polypeptide resulted in changes in herbicide-binding
      characteristics, presumably due to conformational changes in the herbicide
      binding environment. Alterations of membrane surface charge by protein
      phosphorylation also influenced herbicide binding.

PMID- 6372696
TI  - Ribonucleotide reductase activity in intact mammalian cells: stimulation of
      enzyme activity by MgCl2, dithiothreitol, and several nucleotides.
AB  - An intact cell assay system based on Tween-80 permeabilization was used to
      investigate ribonucleotide reductase activity in Chinese hamster ovary cells.
      Dithiothreitol, a reducing agent, is required for optimum activity. Analysis of
      dithiothreitol stimulation of CDP and ADP reductions indicated that in both cases
      the reducing agent served only to increase the reaction rate without altering the
      affinity of the enzyme for substrates. Magnesium chloride significantly
      stimulated the reduction of CDP but not ADP; this elevation in CDP reduction was
      due to an increase in both the affinity of the enzyme for substrate and the Vmax.
      In addition to ATP and dGTP, well-known activators of CDP and ADP reductase
      activities, it was found that dCTP and GTP were also able to activate CDP and ADP
      reductase activities, respectively. For the dCTP-activated reaction the Vmax was
      0.158 nmol dCDP formed 5 X 10(6) cells-1 h-1 and the Km was 0.033 mM CDP, while
      for the GTP-activated reduction a Vmax of 0.667 nmol dADP formed 5 X 10(6) cells(
      1) h-1 and Km of 0.20 mM ADP were observed. Kinetic analysis revealed that dCTP,
      dGTP, and GTP stimulate ribonucleotide reduction solely by increasing the
      affinity of the enzyme for substrate without affecting the Vmax of the respective
      reactions. ATP behaves in a different manner as it stimulates CDP reduction by
      altering both the affinity of the enzyme for substrate and the Vmax. Cellular
      concentrations of ribo- and deoxyribonucleoside di- and triphosphate pools were
      measured to help evaluate the relative physiological importance of the nucleotide
      activators. These determinations, along with the reaction kinetic studies,
      strongly imply that ATP is a much more important regulator of CDP reduction that
      dCTP, whereas GTP may serve as well or better than dGTP as the in vivo activator
      of ADP reduction.

PMID- 6372697
TI  - [Chromosomal changes in cancers].
AB  - In addition to the chromosome changes common to cancers, recent development of
      cytogenetics in human cancers has revealed, the site of specific chromosome
      changes which characterize specific cancers. Such cancer-specific aberrations are
      generally reciprocal translocations or deletions, and in some cases the
      translocations have been unequivocally demonstrated to involve cellular oncogenes
      (c-onc) in the new transcriptional control of other genes. Chromosome changes
      relatively common to cancers are amplification of specific genes by chromosome
      duplication or selective amplification as manifested by double minutes or
      homogeneously staining regions, and genome reorganization by nondisjunction,
      somatic recombination, polyploidization-segregation or other parasexual
      recombinations. The importance of such genome reorganization in cancer
      development was discussed in relation to the possible involvement of cellular
      escape mechanisms.

PMID- 6372698
TI  - [Internal endocrine therapy of breast cancer].
AB  - Additive endocrine therapy of breast cancer was first initiated by androgen
      treatment through intramuscular administration which proved to be effective in
      about 25% of trial cases. It was followed by another trial of massive
      administration of estrogens mainly to patients of more than 60 years of age, and
      this showed a similar efficacy. Under these circumstances, additive endocrine
      therapy's position was established as a special therapy for advanced breast
      cancer. Breast cancer patients have a considerably longer period of progress
      after disease recurrence than in other types of cancer, so oral androgens were
      developed for treating recurrent breast cancer patients at home. However, the
      side effects of androgens (e.g., virilization, hepatic disorders) presented
      problems with Long-term administration. Since then more androgens with less side
      effects have been developed which have contributed to the remarkable progress of
      androgen therapy. On the other hand, recently an anti-estrogen was found which
      specifically antagonizes estrogen and has few side effects. Additive endocrine
      therapy's reputation has improved with the emergence of this anti-estrogen agent.
      Another study has also been started on a progesterone agent which is completely
      different from conventional sex hormone agents. Anti-estrogen agent is widely
      accepted for post-operative adjuvant endocrine therapy of breast cancer taking
      over as the conventional post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy, and also as a
      partner of chemo-endocrine therapy.

PMID- 6372699
TI  - Argon laser-port-wine stain interaction. Immediate effects.
AB  - Biopsy specimens from 11 patients with port-wine stains were examined by routine
      paraffin sections immediately after argon laser therapy, and the findings were
      correlated with those seen in 1-micron epoxy resin-embedded sections and with
      immunofluorescence microscopy studies localizing factor VIII-related antigen and
      type IV collagen. The histopathologic pattern was that of an arc-shaped injury to
      the papillary and upper reticular dermis, extending to a depth of 0.45 mm. Most
      of the abnormal vessels in the port-wine stain were encompassed in this zone and
      showed severe injury. Erythrocytes in these vessels displayed changes, ranging
      from near normal to complete fragmentation. Focally, vessels adjacent to the area
      of major injury contained clumped erythrocytes with tinctorial changes but intact
      walls. In two specimens, alterations in basement membrane and endothelial
      immunofluorescence staining patterns were present in the zones adjacent to the
      major cauterized areas, extending focally to a depth of 0.75 mm. This study
      suggests that, in addition to the major nonspecific destructive component of
      argon laser therapy, there is a smaller adjacent "specific" zone of damage in
      which collagenous stroma is maintained and chromophore content becomes important
      as a determinant of injury.

PMID- 6372700
TI  - Pleomorphic, variably acid-fast bacteria in an adult patient with disabling
      pansclerotic morphea.
AB  - Disabling pansclerotic morphea (DPM) is a rare variant of scleroderma,
      characterized by immunologic abnormalities and peripheral blood eosinophilia.
      Sclerodermatous skin specimens from a 24-year-old woman with DPM were studied for
      the presence of acid-fast bacteria in bacteriologic culture and in microscopic
      sections. On three of four occasions, a highly pleomorphic organism was cultured
      from the skin lesions. Detailed bacteriologic investigations indicated that the
      microbe had unstable and vacillating morphologic characteristics and peculiar
      acid-fast properties. The organism could be identified as Staphylococcus
      epidermidis, but it also had stages of growth with morphologic forms more
      characteristic of a Corynebacterium-like or actinomycetelike microbe. Variably
      acid-fast coccoid forms, and variably eosinophilic- and basophilic-staining
      coccoid forms were observed in vivo. The morphologic forms observed in vivo were
      similar in appearance to some of the growth forms of the microbe observed in
      vitro, suggesting that such an organism might be implicated to the pathogenesis
      of DPM.

PMID- 6372701
TI  - Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of methoxsalen plus UV-A.
AB  - The combination of methoxsalen and long-wave UV radiation (UV-A) is being used on
      a large scale in clinical practice to treat a variety of dermatoses, particularly
      psoriasis. Theoretically, this combination may be mutagenic and carcinogenic,
      since methoxsalen binds covalently with DNA under the influence of UV-A.
      Mutagenicity has been studied in microorganisms and cell cultures. Arguments for
      possible carcinogenicity come from animal experiments and also from long-term
      follow-up studies of patients treated with psoralens and UV-A (PUVA).
      Transplantation studies in animals, allergic and irritative skin reaction
      experiments, and clinical observations indicate that PUVA also has an
      immunosuppressive effect. Short-term risk of skin cancer from PUVA therapy seems
      to be rather low if careful patient selection is made. However, for all patients,
      long-term maintenance treatment should be avoided as much as possible.

PMID- 6372703
TI  - Toxic epidermal necrolysis. Granulocytic leukopenia as a prognostic indicator.
AB  - Drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis is a disease of severe morbidity and high
      mortality. In the ten cases reported herein, therapeutic measures, including
      antibiotics, closed mechanical ventilation, maintenance of fluid and electrolyte
      balance, and management in special burn-care units, failed to alter a poor
      prognosis. The administration of corticosteroids was of no apparent benefit and
      may have been detrimental. Young age seemed to have a favorable influence on
      survival. There developed a pattern of leukopenia due to severe granulocytopenia
      that proved to be of prognostic importance. Persistence of the granulocytopenia
      portended a fatal outcome, whereas recovery of the granulocyte count to normal
      indicated, overall, a more favorable trend. The cause of the granulocytopenia
      could not be determined.

PMID- 6372702
TI  - Coincidence or substantive relationship?

PMID- 6372704
TI  - DR antigens in bullous pemphigoid.

PMID- 6372705
TI  - Management of secondary diabetes mellitus after total pancreatectomy in infancy.
AB  - We report five children who required total pancreatectomy in the neonatal period
      for life threatening hypoglycaemia. Subsequent diabetes was managed with once
      daily subcutaneous insulin, oral pancreatic extract, and a controlled
      carbohydrate diet. Daily home blood glucose profiles in four of these children
      were different from those of 14 C-peptide negative children with type 1 insulin
      dependent diabetes--in the pancreatectomy group there was less variation in blood
      glucose throughout the day with a fall after breakfast as against a rise after
      breakfast in the type 1 group. Hyperglycaemia (greater than 10 mmol/l) with or
      without ketonaemia was extremely rare in the pancreatectomy group. Despite
      neonatal convulsions, physical growth and development have been normal.
      Hypoglycaemia, usually after food refusal, has been a major problem. In addition,
      there have been considerable emotional and family disturbances despite the
      excellent metabolic control, which presumably reflect the cumulative difficulties
      in managing such young children with diabetes.

PMID- 6372706
TI  - Plasma renin activity in the management of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
AB  - Fourteen children with salt losing and five children with non-salt losing
      congenital adrenal hyperplasia were studied. Venous samples were collected for
      measurement of plasma renin activity, serum 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone,
      testosterone, sodium, and creatinine. Overnight urinary sodium and creatinine
      excretions were measured after collection on an outpatient basis. Eight 'salt
      losers' had a raised plasma renin activity despite mineralocorticoid treatment,
      as did one 'non-salt loser'. Six of the children in whom clinical and biochemical
      control was inadequate, including the 'non-salt loser', had an increase in the
      dose of fludrocortisone. When the investigations were repeated one month later, a
      fall in plasma renin activity accompanied by a fall in 17 alpha
      hydroxyprogesterone in all but one patient were found. The dose of
      mineralocorticoid may be as critical as the dose of glucocorticoid in the
      management of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and regular determination of plasma
      renin activity should be made, particularly if clinical control is difficult.

PMID- 6372707
TI  - Effect of exogenous surfactant on total respiratory system compliance.
AB  - We measured total respiratory system compliance (Crs) before and after instilling
      25 mg artificial surfactant in 1 ml saline down the endotracheal tube of preterm
      babies requiring resuscitation at birth, and compared results with data from 6
      similar babies receiving saline only. Surfactant did not produce a significant
      improvement in Crs.

PMID- 6372708
TI  - High histamine level in the blister fluid of bullous pemphigoid.

PMID- 6372709
TI  - Human skin grafts on nude athymic mice: a light microscopic stereological study.
AB  - A morphometric procedure is presented, which allows quantitative information to
      be obtained from the epidermis at the light microscope level. The application of
      this procedure to human skin grafted to the nude mouse revealed acanthosis of the
      grafted epidermis compared to the original donor skin. All epidermal layers were
      thicker, but the increase in the granular layer was especially marked. The ratio
      of the basement membrane surface to the epithelial surface showed no significant
      change. A possible explanation for the acanthosis of the graft might be the
      higher mechanical stress on the nude mouse compared to the original site on the
      abdomen. This adaptation of the grafted epidermis does not limit the usefulness
      of this animal model for dermatological research, when it is assessed by
      objective methods, allowing statistical comparison as described here.

PMID- 6372710
TI  - Prolongation of skin graft survival in mice by in vitro PUVA treatment and
      failure of induction of specific immunological memory by PUVA-treated grafts.
AB  - Treatment of murine skin grafts in vitro with 8-methoxypsoralen and longwave
      ultraviolet radiation prolonged their subsequent survival on allogeneic
      recipients, but not in cases where the recipients had been presensitized by a
      former skin graft of the same donor strain. In contrast to normal skin, grafts
      pretreated with 8-methoxypsoralen and longwave ultraviolet radiation were not
      able to induce an immunological memory as revealed by a second transplantation of
      normal skin. The results show that primary and secondary skin graft rejection can
      be affected by the combined action of psoralen and ultraviolet radiation.

PMID- 6372711
TI  - Preservation of anal function after total excision of the anal mucosa for Bowen's
      disease.
AB  - Six women with Bowen's disease of the anogenital area were treated by total
      excision of the anal mucosa, perianal skin and, in some cases, partial
      vulvectomy. Two patients had foci of microinvasive squamous carcinoma. Adequate
      tumor margins were determined by frozen sections. The resulting mucosal and
      cutaneous defects were grafted with medium split-thickness skin grafts applied to
      the anal canal and sutured circumferentially to the rectal mucosa. Grafts were
      held in place by a finger cot inserted in the anal canal and stuffed with cotton
      balls. Patients were constipated five or six days with codeine. The skin grafts
      healed per primam. One additional patient was similarly treated for a chronic
      herpetic ulceration of the anus and healed. Contrary to dire predictions, all
      patients were able to distinguish between gaseous and solid rectal contents and
      sphincter function was preserved. In one patient, Bowen's disease has recurred in
      the grafted perianal skin.

PMID- 6372712
TI  - Combination of the antibiotics erythromycin and tetracycline with three standard
      antimalarials against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro.
AB  - Combinations of antibiotics and standard antimalarials have been assayed against
      P. falciparum in vitro, using incorporation of 14C isoleucine as an indicator of
      drug action. Chloroquine and erythromycin have been shown to act synergistically
      against a chloroquine-resistant strain and additively towards a chloroquine
      sensitive strain, confirming their action against sensitive and resistant P.
      berghei in vivo, described elsewhere. Combinations of erythromycin with
      mefloquine or quinine acted anergically in 24 hour assays in which
      unphysiologically high concentrations of quinolinemethanol were necessary for
      demonstrable drug effect. In 48 hour assays, an additive effect was obtained with
      these combinations. Tetracycline is additive in combination with each of the
      standard antimalarials used in this study. The relevance of results obtained in
      vitro to parasite drug sensitivities in vivo is discussed.

PMID- 6372713
TI  - Comparison of in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activities of 9
      phenanthrenecarbinols.
AB  - Analysis of the antimalarial activity of a selected series of 17 9
      phenanthrenecarbinols against cultured strains of Plasmodium falciparum and
      against P. berghei in mice following oral administration indicated that the
      rankings of activities within the series were influenced by substituents on the 9
      carbinol and the route of administration. Compounds with alkylamino-alkyl groups
      were ranked as most active by an in vitro screening system which assayed activity
      against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of cultured P.
      falciparum by the inhibition of uptake of radiolabelled hypoxanthine. There were
      few differences in ranking of activities between the two strains. Although there
      was a significant difference between activities of an erythro- and a threo
      racemate, activities of the four optical isomers of this compound were
      comparable. Among the series, compounds with a 2-piperidyl substituent on the 9
      carbinol were ranked most active by the oral route of administration as assayed
      by the cure rates of mice infected with P. berghei. Correlation of these
      observations with previously published data on the activity of these compounds
      against P. falciparum in Owl monkeys and P. berghei in mice following
      subcutaneous administration suggested that neither species of host nor strains of
      parasite significantly influenced the ranking of activities of this class of
      compound.

PMID- 6372714
TI  - A sero-epidemiological survey of malaria in desert and semidesert regions of
      Mauritania.

PMID- 6372715
TI  - Treatment of ancylostomiasis and ascariasis with Albendazole.

PMID- 6372716
TI  - [The phenomenon of cardiac coupling-excitation-contraction and relaxation.
      Retrospective analysis].

PMID- 6372717
TI  - [Coronary thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction. Initial experience with an
      intravenous thrombolytic agent].
AB  - Thirteen patients with less than 5 hours of the onset of symptoms of acute
      myocardial infarction underwent selective coronary angiography. Ten of them had
      angiographic signs of coronary thrombosis. In these ten patients 15 mgs of an
      acylated streptokinase-plasminogen complex (BRL 26921 Beecham Farmaceuticals)
      were administered intravenously. Total angiographic recanalization was observed
      in 7 patients. The coronary arteries involved were the left anterior descending
      in 4 cases and the right coronary artery in 3. In 8 out of the 10 patients
      significant diminution of injury pattern in EKG was registered, however in all of
      them the necrosis pattern supervened. Prolongation of the thrombin and
      thromboplastin times, as well as an important fibrinogen disminution were
      documented in all instances. There were not complications related to the
      administration of the drug. An increase of muscle enzimes was documented in all
      cases. The follow-up was uneventfull with excellent results in all the patients.
      This study proves that with IV trombolitic therapy coronary recanalization can be
      achieved in the mayority of the patients; however there is no question that
      myocardial infarction finally ocurred. We speculate about the possibility of
      avoiding infarction by the administration of the drug within the first hour after
      the onset of the symptoms.

PMID- 6372718
TI  - Acute and chronic effects of caffeine on brain monoamine levels and endocrine
      function in the rat.
AB  - Caffeine was given to rats either acutely (1 injection) or chronically (28 daily
      injections). Both treatments increased brain levels of tryptophan (Trp),
      serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in a dose-related fashion, but
      the apparent stimulatory actions of acute caffeine on the rates of 5-HT synthesis
      and turnover appeared to have been reduced by repeated exposure to the drug.
      Acute caffeine increased the blood levels of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA),
      glucose and insulin, and reduced the levels of tyrosine (Tyr). Except for Tyr,
      chronic caffeine substantially reduced the NEFA and glucose responses in
      magnitude and duration; moreover, daily caffeine significantly lowered serum
      insulin levels. Chronically caffeinated rats, however, were able to display
      positive insulin and glucose responses when challenged with an oral glucose load
      and epinephrine, s.c., respectively. Those events possibly mediating the acute
      and chronic effects of caffeine on brain Trp and thus 5-HT levels may include, on
      the one hand, enhanced insulin secretion and increases in the serum Trp ratio,
      and, on the other hand, lipolysis and the release of plasma Trp from protein
      binding.

PMID- 6372719
TI  - Effects of arginine aspartate and its components on growth hormone, insulin and
      glucagon secretion in the rat.
AB  - The effects of orally administered arginine aspartate (250 mg per kg) on the
      secretion of insulin, glucagon and growth hormone in the rat have been compared
      with those of equimolar doses of arginine (142 mg per kg) and aspartic acid (108
      mg per kg). There were no significant changes in the blood levels of insulin and
      glucagon. Arginine aspartate increased growth hormone levels whereas its two
      components failed to induce any significant changes. This stimulatory effect on
      growth hormone is discussed.

PMID- 6372720
TI  - A projection from the raphe nuclei to the lateral reticular nucleus in the cat.
AB  - By means of retrograde transport of the wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish
      peroxidase complex afferent fibres to the lateral reticular nucleus from the
      raphe nuclei were demonstrated in the cat. The projection is bilateral and has
      its main origin in nucleus raphe pallidus and magnus, but there appear to be
      contributions also from nucleus raphe obscurus, dorsalis and linearis rostralis.

PMID- 6372721
TI  - Selective inhibition of transition from sexual agglutination to zygote formation
      by ethyl N-phenylcarbamate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Effects of ethyl N-phenylcarbamate (EPC) on the mating reaction of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae were studied, with special attention on the effect on the alpha
      pheromone action. EPC inhibited zygote formation at a concentration which
      promoted induction of sexual agglutinability. EPC enhanced agglutinability
      induction by alpha pheromone, but inhibited alpha-pheromone-induced formation of
      large pearshaped cells in a mating type. The enhancement of agglutinability
      induction was accompanied with increased production of a agglutination substance
      and inhibition of alpha pheromone inactivation. EPC arrested the cell cycle of a
      cells probably in the step controlled by CDC19, CDC35, cAMP etc., just before the
      step controlled by CDC28, alpha pheromone etc.

PMID- 6372722
TI  - Phosphate uptake in the yeast Candida tropicalis: purification of phosphate
      binding protein and investigations about its role in phosphate uptake.
AB  - The purification of a phosphate-binding protein (PiBP2) by immunoadsorption is
      described. The entire anti phosphate-binding protein 2 antibodies as well as the
      Fab fragments obtained from these antibodies inhibit Pi uptake by whole cells.
      The inhibition is a mixed type of inhibition (Vm and Km are affected). These
      results should be regarded as a possible involvement of phosphate-binding protein
      2 in Pi uptake. The binding of 125I-labelled fragments prepared from anti
      phosphate-binding protein 2 antibodies to whole cells, to shocked cells and to
      protoplasts has been investigated. The results confirm the release of phosphate
      binding protein by osmotic shock and during protoplast formation. From these
      findings, a cell-wall localisation, near the cell surface of the phosphate
      binding protein should be proposed.

PMID- 6372723
TI  - [Legionnaires' disease. I. Pathogenetic and clinical aspects].

PMID- 6372724
TI  - [Wenceslao Lopez Albo].

PMID- 6372725
TI  - [History of Italian neuropathology. Evolution of a set of problems].

PMID- 6372726
TI  - [Determination of the quantity of intact spermatozoa in bull ejaculates].

PMID- 6372727
TI  - [Primary and secondary antibody reaction in acute radiation syndrome in the calf
      following parenteral and oral immunization with Salmonella antigen].

PMID- 6372728
TI  - [The concept of the gene. An epistemologic approach].

PMID- 6372729
TI  - [Treatment of childhood hemolytic-uremic syndrome with urokinase. Cooperative
      controlled trial].
AB  - The results of a controlled therapeutic trial comparing 2 groups of patients
      presenting with hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) are reported. Group A (15
      children) was given urokinase (UK) and heparin; group B (18 children) received no
      treatment. Ages of patients, the delay before admission, the severity of anemia,
      thrombocytopenia and initial renal failure were similar in both groups. UK was
      responsible for bleedings in 12 children, minimal in 8, severe in 4. No child
      died in group A, 3 children died in group B (n.s.). Durations of hemolysis,
      thrombocytopenia and anuria were similar in both groups. Long-term evolutions of
      renal function and arterial pressure were comparable in both groups. Needle
      kidney biopsy (26 cases) showed cortical necrosis in 3 children of group A and in
      2 of group B, and glomerular thrombotic microangiopathy in 10 children of group A
      and in 11 of group B. The average ratio of injured glomeruli was 40 (19 to 80) in
      group A, and 38 (21 to 75) in group B. Two children in group A and 3 children in
      group B presented with 50 to 80% of glomerular lesions. This trial suggests that
      UK is of no significant value in the treatment of HUS.

PMID- 6372730
TI  - [Beta 2 microglobulin. Index of glomerular filtration in children].
AB  - 121 assays for plasma Beta 2 microglobulin (B2M) levels were carried out with an
      immuno-enzymatic technique in 94 children whose ages ranged from 13 months to 18
      years and whose renal functions showed various levels of renal impairment. In the
      37 children with normal glomerular filtration rate, plasma B2M level was 1.58 +/-
      0.48 mg/l (mean +/- 1 SD) and no significant differences were found according to
      sex, ages or heights. In the 29 children with glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
      ranging from 20 to 100 ml/min/1.73 m2, there was a significant correlation
      between B2M and the inulin clearance, plasma creatinine level and creatinine
      clearance (p less than 0.001). In 28 patients presenting with terminal renal
      failure, plasma B2M levels were significantly higher in children undergoing
      hemodialysis than in those under chronic peritoneal dialysis. These results
      indicate that B2M levels are as good an index of glomerular filtration rate as
      serum creatinine whereas its assay uses a long and difficult technique.

PMID- 6372731
TI  - [Indications for vitamin E in the premature infant].

PMID- 6372732
TI  - [Use of nasal cannula to induce positive expiratory pressure in neonatology].
AB  - A 6 years experience of the use of a CPAP nasal cannula is reported. In children
      over 1,500 g and Silverman's index less than or equal to 6, the indications for
      this technique were neonatal idiopathic respiratory distress (excluding stage 4),
      transitory respiratory distress, cesarean lungs and amniotic inhalation of clear
      fluid after aspiration and physiotherapy. In children under 1,500 g, it was used
      only when Silverman's index was less than or equal to 5, and when correct
      hemodynamic, thermal and metabolic status were present. In 91 treated children,
      the use of the cannula avoided intubation 75 times and had few complications. The
      innocuousness of the method makes it a routine technique in all cases at the
      onset of respiratory distress, reducing the need for intubations. It was found to
      be an efficient complement for the relay after mechanical ventilation.

PMID- 6372733
TI  - [Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in children].

PMID- 6372734
TI  - [Septicemia associated with urinary infection in infants. Apropos of 36 cases].
AB  - While studying 213 cases of septicemia among children less than one year of age,
      we found 36 cases of septicemia with bacteriuria. Among these 213 septicemic
      children, urinary tract infection (UTI) was second only to meningitis as an
      associated focus of infection. A radiological investigation was done in 27 cases;
      the pyelography or the cystography was abnormal in 14 instances, and 6 of these
      14 patients needed to be surgically corrected.

PMID- 6372735
TI  - Growth hormone secretion in prepubertal children with major depression. I. Final
      report on response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia during a depressive episode.
AB  - Insulin tolerance tests (ITTs) were carried out on 46 drug-free prepubertal
      children with severe emotional disorders. Thirteen met unmodified Research
      Diagnostic Criteria for major depressive disorder, definite endogenous subtype,
      17 met the criteria for nonendogenous major depressive disorder, and 16 fit DSM
      III criteria for nondepressed neurotic disorders. The group with endogenous
      depression had significant hyposecretion of growth hormone (GH) in this test when
      compared with the other groups. Since GH hyposecretion in response to ITT has
      been found in most studies to be associated with endogenous major depression in
      adults, the data support the validity of the diagnosis of prepubertal endogenous
      major depressive disorder and the hypothesis of similarity or identity of
      prepubertal and adult major depressive disorders.

PMID- 6372736
TI  - Growth hormone secretion in prepubertal children with major depression. III.
      Response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia after recovery from a depressive episode
      and in a drug-free state.
AB  - Insulin tolerance tests (ITTs) were performed after at least four months of
      sustained recovery from an episode of a major depressive disorder in 18 drug-free
      prepubertal children. Eleven had a definite endogenous subtype; seven did not.
      Sixteen children with nondepressed neurotic disorders made up a control group.
      The children with past endogenous depression continued to have significant
      hyposecretion of growth hormone (GH) in this test when compared with the other
      groups. Illness-recovery correlations were highly significant for the major
      depressive group as a whole. Paired comparisons of both depressive groups were
      not significantly different from illness to recovery. We conclude that
      prepubertal children with endogenous major depression continue to have
      hyposecretion of GH in response to ITTs in a recovered state and that this
      neuroendocrine marker is state independent. A GH hyporesponse to ITT may be a
      true marker of a past episode or of trait for endogenous major depressive
      disorder in prepuberty.

PMID- 6372737
TI  - Apomorphine and schizophrenia. Treatment, CSF, and neuroendocrine responses.
AB  - Previous studies have variably reported the efficacy of apomorphine in treatment
      of schizophrenia and tardive dyskinesia. Stimulation of dopamine neuron
      autoreceptors is the presumed mode of action. Low-dose apomorphine (0.75 mg
      subcutaneously) and placebo were administered to 25 male schizophrenics to
      evaluate the drug's effect on psychotic and tardive dyskinetic symptoms. No
      significant improvement or deterioration was seen. Concomitant measurements of
      plasma prolactin and growth hormone levels and CSF homovanillic acid level
      indicated that the dose used was centrally active. These results indicate that an
      active though nonsedating dose of apomorphine does not ameliorate symptoms of
      schizophrenia or tardive dyskinesia.

PMID- 6372738
TI  - Psychotherapy. Scientific art or artistic science?

PMID- 6372739
TI  - Ceruletide: a new drug for the treatment of schizophrenic patients?

PMID- 6372740
TI  - Interaction of Wratizolin with serum albumins and its antiproteolytic activity.

PMID- 6372741
TI  - [Hans Hormann (1924-1983)].

PMID- 6372742
TI  - [Results of autotransplantation of hepatocytes in hepatectomized rats].
AB  - With a view of clarifying the mechanism whereby the beneficial effect of
      hepatocyte transplantation is obtained, an autologous transplant was made of
      hepatocytes in the peritoneum of a surgical model of acute hepatic insufficiency
      in the rat, highly reproducible to the detriment of its reversibility. The cells
      were prepared in accordance with the non-perfusional enzymatic method proposed by
      Fry. The cell yield from 3 g of liver tissue was 4 X 10(6), with an index of
      viability of over 70%. There was no difference in survival between the treated
      animals and the control group, though coma appeared significantly later in the
      former. The conclusion is therefore drawn that transplantation offers no
      metabolic support to the anhepatic animal. Further investigation is required of
      the biochemical and metabolic aspects of the function of the hepatocyte in the
      light of its induction of a significant delay in the appearance of coma.

PMID- 6372743
TI  - [Elizaveta Nikolaevna Oleneva (on her 60th birthday)].

PMID- 6372744
TI  - [Serotonin and neurotensin-containing cells in the mucosa of the alimentary
      tract].
AB  - Localization of serotonin (5-OT)- and neurotensin (NT)-containing cells in the
      tunica mucosa of the gastric antral part and the duodenum of the rat and chick
      has been revealed by means of the immunofluorescent method and the method with
      application of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex. For immune-histochemical
      revealing of biologically active substances in endocrine cells Sovient antisera
      are used for the first time. Experiments are performed on injection of
      antiserotonin serum of various dosage into the rat blood bed. The reaction of
      serotonin-containing cells of the gastric antral part tunical mucosa and those of
      the duodenum to changes in serotonin concentration in blood serum is
      demonstrated.

PMID- 6372745
TI  - [Anatomy in the works of Aristotle].

PMID- 6372746
TI  - Anaphylactic reaction to kissing bug bites.

PMID- 6372747
TI  - [Immunomorphologic characteristics of the distribution of collagen types I, III,
      IV and V in normal intima and in atherosclerosis of the major arteries and aorta
      in man].
AB  - The distribution of collagen of the above types in normal intima, sites of its
      physiological thickening, lipid streaks, atherosclerotic plaques is studied by
      the immunoluminescent method. All collagen types at various proportions are found
      to be located in the subendothelial areas of intima. Besides that the IV and V
      collagen types are detected in the zone of endothelial basal membrane. The
      essential property of atherosclerotic plaques is the prevalence of rough
      fibrillar structures from interstitial collagen which do not occur normally.

PMID- 6372748
TI  - [Morphology of healed burns treated by different methods].
AB  - The dynamics of burn wound healing was studied on biopsies from the wound area in
      30 patients treated by open methods (treatment under conditions of abacterial
      environment and in a cabinet with laminar air). Twenty patients were treated by
      applications on the wound of ointment bandages. Under the bandages, the crust
      formed on the burn surface was infiltrated with polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
      When patients with burns over 10-25% of the body surface were treated in
      abacterial environment, a thin dry crust developed on the burn wound surface with
      small accumulations of microflora in its external layers. The granulation tissue
      filling the wound after early necrectomy contains numerous vessels and cell
      elements. In extensive burns (35-50% of the body surface) the granulation tissue
      fills the wound cavity incompletely, as separate islets.

PMID- 6372749
TI  - [Teachings of G. V. Shor on thanatogenesis and the role of his school in the
      development of Soviet pathologic anatomy (on the 110th anniversary of his
      birth)].

PMID- 6372750
TI  - [Sudden cardiovascular death in athletes. Cause and prevention].

PMID- 6372751
TI  - [Evaluation of the effects of slow-release metoprolol in chronic coronary
      insufficiency].

PMID- 6372752
TI  - [Arterial hypertension in the aged].

PMID- 6372753
TI  - [Mitral valve prolapse: therapeutic management].

PMID- 6372754
TI  - [Effects of the combination nifedipine-acebutolol in patients with stable angina
      pectoris. Comparative double-blind study with the same drugs used separately].

PMID- 6372755
TI  - [Antihypertensive efficacy of nifedipine. Clinical and ergometric evaluation].

PMID- 6372756
TI  - Paul Ivan Yakovlev. 1894-1983.

PMID- 6372757
TI  - Spinal cord dysfunction complicating bacterial meningitis.
AB  - Cervical transverse myelopathy developed in an 8-month-old girl during the early
      stages of Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis. Spinal cord dysfunction is an
      uncommon complication of bacterial meningitis and has not been previously
      described in patients younger than 1 year old. A literature review of patients 2
      years old or older with similar complications showed that young children have
      cervical cord lesions, whereas the majority of adolescents and adults have
      thoracic or lumbar lesions. In four of five previously reported cases of patients
      between 2 and 3 years old, a cardiorespiratory arrest probably played a critical
      role in the pathogenesis of cord dysfunction. The patient described herein,
      however, did not experience any cardiorespiratory insufficiency, and cord
      dysfunction was probably the direct result of local vascular changes and cord
      ischemia. On follow-up assessment, all patients had persistent neurologic
      deficits, regardless of age.

PMID- 6372758
TI  - Amantadine in the treatment of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

PMID- 6372759
TI  - Transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

PMID- 6372760
TI  - Foster Kennedy syndrome.

PMID- 6372761
TI  - Methacholine-stimulated release of benzoyl-arginine-ethylester esterase from
      mouse submandibular gland cells.
AB  - The possible existence of cholinoceptor for inducing benzoyl-arginine-ethylester
      (BAEe) esterase release in the mouse submandibular gland was investigated using
      dispersed-cell preparations from normal male and female, castrated male and
      testosterone-treated female mice. Methacholine (a cholinoceptive agonist) induced
      esterase release only in normal female and castrated male mice, both of which had
      low esterase activity in the submandibular glands, whereas norepinephrine (an
      alpha-adrenoceptor agonist) induced esterase release in all of the mice.
      Methacholine-induced esterase release was completely inhibited by atropine, a
      cholinoceptive antagonist, but not by phenoxybenzamine, an alpha-adrenoceptor
      antagonist. The effects of metacholine and norepinephrine on esterase release
      were additive. The results suggest the coexistence of cholinoceptor and alpha
      adrenoceptors for esterase release in the mouse submandibular gland. Calcium was
      essential for esterase release induced by either methacholine or norepinephrine.

PMID- 6372762
TI  - Immunofluorescent localization and extractability of fibronectin in human dental
      pulp.
AB  - Fibronectin, visualized in premolar pulps by indirect immunofluorescence, was
      abundant in the odontoblast layer, around blood vessels and in the core of the
      pulp. Similarity of alignment of fibronectin with the argyrophilic fibres and von
      Korff fibres was evident. Fibronectin was extracted from pulps after first
      removing blood by washing with water, confirmed by eventual negative reaction on
      alpha 2-macroglobulin. Extraction of fibronectin from this remaining tissue was
      most effectively achieved by treatment with collagenase or hyaluronidase, though
      in all cases some fibronectin remained, indicating that fibronectin in pulp is
      not exclusively associated with collagen and/or proteoglycans. The fibronectin
      quantified by electro-immunoassay and expressed as percentage of dry weight was
      0.030 per cent in the water extract, 0.094 per cent in the collagenase extract
      and 0.109 per cent in the hyaluronidase extract. Twice as much fibronectin was
      extracted from the apical pulp as from the coronal and middle parts, in accord
      with earlier findings of a higher collagen content in the radicular part. It is
      suggested that with the loss of collagen type III during odontoblast
      differentiation and its reappearance with advancing vascularization of the dental
      papilla, the amount of fibronectin is similarly altered.

PMID- 6372763
TI  - Improved preservation of intramitochondrial granules in rat-incisor odontoblasts
      by rapid-freezing and freeze-substitution fixation.
AB  - Odontoblasts fixed by rapid-freezing and freeze-substitution, compared to cells
      fixed with aldehyde, exhibited a larger number of microfilaments, a granular
      material inside the rough endoplasmic reticulum, many electron-dense aggregates
      in cytoplasmic vesicles and numerous intramitochondrial granules. Although these
      granules were located in odontoblasts facing a well-mineralized layer of dentine,
      this did not support the possible existence of a transfer pathway for
      intracellular calcium which plays some part in mineralization processes.

PMID- 6372764
TI  - Acanthamoeba keratitis possibly acquired from a hot tub.
AB  - An irritated left eye followed by a geographic epithelial corneal defect
      developed in a 42-year-old man. Disciform edema developed in the cornea, and the
      lesion progressed to a ring-shaped abscess. The lesion failed to respond to
      medical therapy. After two penetrating keratoplasties, histopathologic
      examination and electron microscopic studies established the diagnosis of
      Acanthamoeba keratitis. Subsequent cultures and immunofluorescent studies
      identified the organism as Acanthamoeba castellani. Following treatment with
      antibiotics and corneal cryotherapy, there has been no evidence of recurrence.
      Morphologically and immunologically identical amebae were also cultured from the
      patient's hot tub and surrounding garden.

PMID- 6372765
TI  - Nondestructive metabolic analysis of a cornea with the use of phosphorus nuclear
      magnetic resonance.
AB  - The viability of corneal donor material for penetrating keratoplasty depends on
      the metabolic status of the tissue; application of nondestructive nuclear
      magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques to the evaluation of donor tissue metabolism
      may provide information that would allow improved selection of donor material.
      The NMR spectrum generated from a single intact cornea permits qualitative and
      quantitative analysis of the following phosphatic metabolites: the sugar
      phosphates, inorganic orthophosphate, the alpha- and beta-phosphates of adenosine
      diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate, and the gamma-phosphate of adenosine
      triphosphate. Furthermore, the intracorneal pH (6.8) can be monitored from the
      resonance shift position of inorganic orthophosphate and can serve as an
      additional indicator of metabolic viability. To our knowledge, this study is the
      first to demonstrate the feasibility of the use of phosphorus NMR to monitor the
      metabolic status of a single intact cornea preserved in culture medium.

PMID- 6372766
TI  - Hypopharyngeal reconstruction.

PMID- 6372767
TI  - Immediate pharyngoesophageal reconstruction. Use of a quilted skin-grafted
      pectoralis major muscle flap.
AB  - Pharyngoesophageal reconstruction continues to be a problem in the management of
      cancer involving the hypopharynx. In our experience, the use of deltopectoral and
      pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps for total reconstruction has been
      disappointing. We report four cases of immediate near-total reconstruction using
      a quilted , skin-grafted pectoralis major muscle flap. All cases had received
      full dosage preoperative irradiation. A thin-walled pharynx was created that has
      allowed early development of a good esophageal voice. There has been no stricture
      formation. All patients have experienced no difficulty in establishing a good
      oral intake.

PMID- 6372768
TI  - Auditory deficits in multiple sclerosis: a review.
AB  - This article reviews available clinical and psychophysical data concerning the
      effects of multiple sclerosis (MS) on basic auditory processes. On the basis of
      the data, it is suggested that the presence of auditory deficits should be sought
      in MS patients. This is especially important in light of recent psychophysical
      evidence suggesting that subtle auditory problems present in affected individuals
      may not always be detectable via conventional clinical testing. These data also
      provide an alternate means of interpreting various aspects of impaired auditory
      functioning in MS patients, and aid in generating new hypotheses regarding the
      possible consequences of demyelination on normal auditory perception. Finally,
      new ways of testing such hypotheses are proposed, and possible directions for
      future research are suggested.

PMID- 6372769
TI  - Development of the audiometer and audiometry.
AB  - The authors consider the reasons why the induction coil audiometer was not widely
      adopted in clinical practise. The conclusion is that they offered little
      relevance to the management of hearing-impaired patients at that time, bearing in
      mind the state of therapeutics, surgery and contemporary aids to hearing.

PMID- 6372770
TI  - Non-electric aids to hearing: a short history.
AB  - The historical development of non-electric aids to hearing is traced and a
      classification of the different types presented. Comparative measures of their
      different acoustical characteristics will be shown, indicating their relative
      value in various types of hearing losses. Attitudes towards such devices and
      principles involved in their selection in the 19th Century are discussed.

PMID- 6372771
TI  - Lysosomal enzymes in the spleen of albino rats, mice and Mastomys natalensis
      during Plasmodium berghei infection.
AB  - Activities of certain acid hydrolases of the spleen were followed in three
      different rodents during the course of Plasmodium berghei infection. In albino
      rats where sterile immunity against the infection develops, the specific
      activities of a few acid hydrolases first declined then increased from day 7 and
      showed a several-fold increase over control values when there were no detectable
      parasites in peripheral circulation. In contrast, in Mastomys natalensis and
      albino mice which succumb to infection the levels of these enzymes were reduced
      throughout the course of infection. These results indicate a close correlation
      between host resistance to infection and the level of lysosomal enzymes in
      spleen.

PMID- 6372772
TI  - Insulin secretory capacity in newly diagnosed non-insulin dependent diabetics.
AB  - Plasma insulin was measured fasting and after iv glucose in fifteen newly
      diagnosed non-grossly obese non-insulin dependent diabetics. Two-thirds had
      normal fasting insulin (less than 13 mU/L) and all had sub-normal responses to iv
      glucose. There was no significant correlation between fasting or stimulated
      insulin concentrations and body weight. Six subjects with totally "flat" response
      to iv glucose were tested after a standard 4MJ meal and after 75 g oral glucose.
      They now showed normal profiles of later phase insulin release to the meal test
      or oral glucose and a significant increase in early phase insulin concentration,
      but this response was still blunted when compared with control subjects. We
      conclude that for non-grossly obese NIDDs (1) insulin deficiency is a common and
      important disorder and (2) there may be a loss of beta cell sensitivity to blood
      glucose with retention of sensitivity to gut mediated factors.

PMID- 6372773
TI  - Outbreak of co-trimoxazole- and gentamicin-resistant Klebsiella aerogenes
      bacteremia in neutropenic patients receiving oral co-trimoxazole prophylaxis.
AB  - Over a five-day period, three neutropenic patients developed bacteremia with an
      identical strain of Klebsiella aerogenes (serotype K16) resistant to co
      trimoxazole and gentamicin. All three patients had received prophylaxis with oral
      co-trimoxazole before the onset of bacteremia. This report outlines some of the
      problems associated with co-trimoxazole prophylaxis.

PMID- 6372774
TI  - Human insulin.
AB  - Two methods of synthesis of human insulin have been developed to the stage of
      commercial production. One entails synthesis of human insulin by bacteria
      ("biosynthetic" human insulin) and one entails the conversion of pork insulin
      into human insulin by an amino acid substitution ("semisynthetic" human insulin).
      Both forms of human insulin have been shown to be safe, and to have similar
      efficacy and pharmacokinetics to purified pork insulin. Human insulin given by
      subcutaneous injection has been shown to elicit antibody formation in man,
      although the extent of this may be slightly less than in the case of purified
      pork insulin, and is certainly less than in the case of beef insulin and beef
      pork combinations. The clinical significance of these differences in
      immunogenicity is doubtful. However there are rare defined situations, such as
      allergy to pork insulin and antibody-mediated insulin resistance where human
      insulin has been shown to have advantages over purified pork insulin. Bacterial
      synthesis of insulin provides an assured supply for the world's future needs, and
      it is conceivable that further technological refinement may make bacterial
      synthesis cheaper than extraction and purification of animal insulins. However,
      current evidence provides no basis for recommending human rather than purified
      animal insulin for the routine management of insulin dependent diabetes.

PMID- 6372776
TI  - A simple two-handed surgeon's knot.
AB  - The technique described allows the surgeon to perform a quick, secure, controlled
      double primary throw when tying the standard surgeon's knot, further enhancing
      the advantages of hand tying.

PMID- 6372775
TI  - Mitoxantrone treatment in advanced breast cancer.
AB  - Half of our patients presenting with breast cancer will eventually require
      cytotoxic chemotherapy. In searching for an effective drug with low toxicity,
      many new drugs have been investigated. Seventeen patients with advanced breast
      cancer were treated with mitoxantrone, an analogue of adriamycin. The response
      rate was 44% (CR 6% + PR 38%). Side effects were fewer than those normally
      anticipated for most cytotoxic chemotherapy in that only two patients suffered
      hair loss and three nausea and vomiting. There was, however, significant bone
      marrow depression with granulocytopenia and two patients died of septicaemia
      following treatment. Cardiac toxicity occurred in two patients: of these, both
      had prior treatment with adriamycin, and one had prior radiotherapy to the chest
      wall. Both of these patients died.

PMID- 6372777
TI  - Aspergillosis in turkeys associated with use of contaminated litter.
AB  - Severe mortality occurred in a flock of 16,000 turkey poults after fresh litter
      consisting of poplar, oak, sweetgum, and pine shavings was added to the brooder
      house. Signs and lesions seen were consistent with aspergillosis. Mortality for
      the first 21 days of brooding was 305 poults. New litter was added on day 21;
      6,041 poults died during the next 24 days. Mold counts were done on the original
      litter and added litter. The mold counts for the original litter was 1.0 X 10(5)
      organisms per gram of litter. The mold count for the added litter was 2.5 X 10(6)
      organisms per gram of litter. After the added litter had been treated with
      nystatin and copper sulfate, the mold count dropped to less than 1 X 10(4)
      organisms per gram of litter. Mortality was also reduced but not to pre-infection
      levels. Rales, mucus rhinitis, and airsacculitis due to Escherichia coli
      developed. Despite treatment, performance of the flock remained poor.

PMID- 6372778
TI  - Improving the Mycoplasma gallisepticum and M. synoviae antigen yield by
      readjusting the pH of the growth medium to the original alkaline state.
AB  - The pH of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and M. synoviae (MS) growth medium was
      readjusted back to the original alkaline state when the pH reached 6.1 (for MG)
      and 6.7 (for MS), and the medium was reincubated until the pH of the medium
      returned to 6.7 to 6.9. The result was that MG and MS antigen yields were 43 and
      54% higher than yields obtained at the usual harvest time.

PMID- 6372779
TI  - Additional information on the classification of avian Mycoplasma serotypes.

PMID- 6372780
TI  - A simple procedure for preparing and staining undecalcified sections of avian
      growth plate and metaphysis.
AB  - This report describes an inexpensive, rapid technique for preparing 4-micron
      thick undecalcified sections of avian growth plate and metaphysis using paraffin
      embedment, rotary microtomes, and disposable knives. Sections were stained by von
      Kossa's technique with a hematoxylin-and-eosin counterstain.

PMID- 6372781
TI  - Hormonal disturbances of fluid-electrolyte metabolism under altitude exposure in
      man.
AB  - Early alterations in fluid, electrolytes, and their regulating hormones were
      investigated in men exposed to 6,000 m simulated altitude (2 h-ascent, 2 h
      sojourn, 2 h-return). Hematocrit and serum protein rose with elevated serum
      osmolality and reduced urine flow upon arrival at 6,000 m, suggesting decreased
      plasma volume probably due to hypotonic fluid shift to intracellular spaces.
      Serum K declined reflecting respiratory alkalosis. The exposure raised plasma
      antidiuretic hormone (ADH), plasma renin activity (PRA), serum cortisol and
      aldosterone. Increases both in ADH and aldosterone showed close correlations with
      that in cortisol, suggesting that ADH may be elevated by hypoxic stress in
      addition to elevated serum osmolality and decreased plasma volume, and that
      increased secretion of adrenocorticotropin may be the main cause of increased
      aldosterone, though PRA involvement cannot be excluded. These rises in ADH and
      aldosterone may act to retain body water, and the latter may exaggerate
      alkalosis; thus, these hormonal changes may be related to acute mountain
      sickness.

PMID- 6372782
TI  - Effect of vitamin-A deficiency on plaque forming response of antibody producing
      spleen cells against Salmonella typhimurium in rats.
AB  - Plaque forming response of antibody producing spleen cells against Salmonella
      typhimurium was studied in vitamin-A deficient and normal rats after 3, 6, 9 and
      12 days of injecting the antigen. Vitamin-A deficient rats were found to have
      significantly decreased (P less than 0.001) number of antibody plaque forming
      cells in the spleen as compared to normal rats in all cases. Serum total protein
      and serum Vitamin-A levels were significantly (P less than 0.001) lower in the
      vitamin-A deficient rats as compared to the controls and immunization caused no
      significant change in these parameters. The average spleen weights were increased
      in both the groups on immunization but this increase was comparatively more in
      case of the control rats.

PMID- 6372783
TI  - Eliot Slater (1904-1983)--an appreciation.

PMID- 6372784
TI  - Isolation of the ST Ent plasmid specific bacteriophage M124.
AB  - For simple detection of enterotoxigenic E. coli from patients, attempts were made
      to find a bacteriophage that specifically proliferate on these bacteria. As a
      result phage M124 was isolated. Analysis of plasmid DNA together with detection
      of ST enterotoxin showed that this phage can specifically attack E. coli carrying
      the ST Ent plasmid (80 Mdalton). These results indicate that phage M124 is very
      useful for detection of ST enterotoxigenic bacteria.

PMID- 6372785
TI  - Peroxisomal beta-oxidation from endogenous substrates. Demonstration through H2O2
      production in the unanaesthetized mouse.
AB  - A system was developed in which it is possible to detect in vivo changes in
      hepatic H2O2 production, using a combination of the catalase inhibitor, 3-amino
      1,2,4-triazole and methanol. In mice, starvation significantly increases hepatic
      H2O2 production and plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations. Short-term
      refeeding after a 24 h starvation period brings H2O2 production and plasma non
      esterified fatty acid concentration back to normal in 3h. Administration of
      insulin 24 h after the onset of starvation normalizes H2O2 production in less
      than 2h and decreases non-esterified fatty acid concentration below normal
      values. The suppression by insulin of H2O2 production, as well as its coherence
      with plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentration, indicate that increased H2O2
      production in starved mice reflects peroxisomal beta-oxidation.

PMID- 6372786
TI  - Effect of glucose on the intracellular pH of pancreatic islet cells.
AB  - To characterize the effect of glucose on the intracellular pH (pHi) of pancreatic
      islet cells, we measured the accumulation of 14C-labelled 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine
      2,4-dione ( [14C]DMO) in beta-cell-rich islets from ob/ob mice. D-Glucose (20 mM)
      stimulated insulin release and enhanced the [14C]DMO equilibrium uptake
      corresponding to an increase of pHi by about 0.15 unit. The glucose effect on DMO
      uptake was concentration-dependent, with half-maximal effect at about 4 mM
      glucose and maximum effect at about 10 mM-glucose. It was inhibited by 20 mM
      mannoheptulose and potentiated by 4 mM-L-5-hydroxytryptophan, but not affected by
      2 mM-theophylline. Mannoheptulose is an inhibitor and L-5-hydroxytryptophan and
      theophylline are potentiators of glucose-stimulated insulin release. The glucose
      induced increase in pHi appeared rapidly (7 min) and persisted for at least 30
      min and it was observed both in bicarbonate/CO2-buffered and in Hepes [4-(2
      hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazine-ethanesulphonic acid]-buffered media. Addition of
      extracellular bicarbonate buffer lowered the pHi, but did not affect basal
      insulin release, whereas 5 mM-NH4+ increased pHi and induced a 4-fold increase of
      basal insulin release. We conclude that, in contrast with previous assumptions,
      glucose increases intracellular pH in the islet cells. This effect may be coupled
      to the glucose metabolism and associated with triggering of insulin release.

PMID- 6372787
TI  - Regulation of insulin secretion by energy metabolism in pancreatic B-cell
      mitochondria. Studies with a non-metabolizable leucine analogue.
AB  - In mouse pancreatic islets the kinetics of insulin secretion and O2 uptake in
      response to the non-metabolizable leucine analogue (+/-)-BCH (2-endo-
      aminonorbornane -2-carboxylic acid) were compared. In addition, the fuel
      mobilizing effect of (+/-)-BCH was studied with a mitochondrial fraction from
      islets. (1) Within 2 min 20 mM-(+/-)-BCH markedly enhanced insulin release or O2
      consumption by islets respiring in the absence of exogenous fuels. During
      prolonged exposure to 20 mM-(+/-)-BCH secretion declined more rapidly than O2
      uptake. (2) L-Glutamine (10 mM) prevented the decrease of both insulin release
      and O2 uptake of islets exposed to 20mM-(+/-)-BCH. During the second phase of
      insulin release in response to 20 mM-(+/-)-BCH + 10 mM-L-glutamine, kinetics of
      secretion and respiration correlated closely. (3) Initial peaks were consistently
      seen in the (+/-)-BCH-induced secretory profiles, but never in the respiratory
      profiles. (4) In contrast with L-glycerol 3-phosphate, L-malate or pyruvate, L
      glutamine or L-glutamate maintained low rates of oxidative phosphorylation in B
      cell mitochondria. The effects of L-glutamine or L-glutamate were potentiated
      severalfold by (+/-)-BCH. (5) The effects of other branched-chain amino acids on
      oxidative phosphorylation resembled their effects on insulin release, redox state
      of nicotinamide nucleotides and glutamate dehydrogenase activity. (6) The results
      support the view that (+/-)-BCH stimulates insulin secretion via a primary
      enhancement of hydrogen supply to the respiratory chain of B-cell mitochondria.

PMID- 6372788
TI  - Proinsulin modified by analogues of arginine and lysine is degraded rapidly in
      pancreatic B-cells.
AB  - Modified cytosolic proteins are known to be degraded more rapidly than their
      native counterparts. In order to determine whether the same applies to a modified
      protein within the potentially protective environment of secretory granules, rat
      islets were labelled [( 3H]leucine) in the presence or absence (controls) of 3 mM
      canavanine and 3 mM-thialysine (analogues of arginine and lysine respectively),
      followed by a 24h 'chase' period without analogues. The results showed the
      following. (1) Incorporation of the analogues into newly synthesized labelled
      proinsulin inhibited its conversion into insulin during the chase period. (2)
      Despite this block in conversion, the modified proinsulin was released from
      islets at the same rate as native proinsulin and insulin from control islets. (3)
      Morphometric analysis of high-resolution autoradiographs showed that products
      labelled in the presence of analogues were sequestered into secretory granules at
      the same rate as native products in control B-cells. (4) Only 7% of prelabelled
      proinsulin had been degraded within islet cells during the chase period in
      control islets, compared with 36% for proinsulin prelabelled in the presence of
      analogues. (5) Control experiments showed that the analogues had no effect on the
      release or intracellular degradation of unmodified stored insulin (present in
      islets before exposure to the analogues). (6) Despite sequestration into
      secretory granules, modified proinsulin, if not released from B-cells, is thus
      degraded more rapidly than native products.

PMID- 6372789
TI  - Effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in neonatal rat on bile acid pool
      changes in adult life: selective sensitivity in females.
AB  - The effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in neonatal rat on the bile acid
      pool and composition during adult life was investigated. Unlike the effect of
      diabetes in adult rats (where bile acid pool increases markedly), neonatal
      diabetes caused a reduction in bile acid pool in adult life in females (but not
      in males) with significant reduction in both cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids.
      Upon challenge with dietary cholesterol, only the female diabetic rat responded
      with a further reduction in total bile acid pool. These studies demonstrate a
      selective sensitivity in the female diabetic rat with regard to diabetes-induced
      changes in bile acid pool.

PMID- 6372790
TI  - The roles of insulin and glucagon in the regulation of amino acid turnover rate
      and pool size: in vivo study with [15N]glycine and gas chromatography--mass
      spectrometry.
AB  - Gas chromatography--mass spectrometry analysis of plasma amino acid derivatives
      has been used to determine the 15N enrichment time decay curves of plasma glycine
      following a single dose administration of [15N]glycine in untreated and insulins
      , glucagon-, and cycloheximide-treated rabbits. The present study indicated the
      following: (a) Increases of 80 and 50% in plasma glycine disappearance rate
      constants occurred in insulin- and glucagon-treated rabbits as compared with
      control postabsorptive rabbits; (b) The hormones in the intact rabbits caused a
      significant depletion in glycine pool size, which led to a moderate reduction in
      the fluxes of glycine. (c) A significant reduction in glycine turnover rate
      constants and pool size was noted at 3 and 24 hr following the administration of
      a sublethal dose of cycloheximide and a restoration towards control
      postabsorptive values was observed 48 hr after cycloheximide administration. (d)
      Sublethal doses of cycloheximide inhibited by 60 and 90% the stimulatory action
      of insulin and glucagon on plasma glycine disappearance, respectively. The
      present data suggest that both insulin and glucagon may act directly on plasma
      glycine disappearance rates. The stimulatory action of insulin differs from the
      action of glucagon in that it is not completely blocked by cycloheximide.
      Presumably glucagon and insulin modify the glycine transport system at different
      sites or by a different mechanism.

PMID- 6372791
TI  - Kinetics and stoichiometry of inactivation of some pancreatic and leucocyte
      serine proteinases by rabbit alpha 1-proteinase inhibitors F and S.
AB  - Purified rabbit alpha 1-proteinase inhibitors F and S were incubated with bovine
      trypsin, chymotrypsin or horse leucocyte neutral proteinases in order to
      determine the stoichiometry of inhibition, inactivation rates of the enzymes and
      dissociation constants of the complexes. Trypsin reacted with the two forms of
      alpha 1-PI with different velocities but in the molar ratio of 1:1 and yielding
      stable complexes. Chymotrypsin reacted very fast with the two forms of alpha 1-PI
      but required a three-fold molar excess of alpha 1-PI-S for almost complete
      inhibition, and again the dissociation constants were low. Leucocyte proteinases
      also needed certain molar excess of the inhibitor but the reaction was
      complicated by instability of the complexes, especially with Z-Ala-ONp as
      substrate. We conclude that the interaction of rabbit alpha 1-PI with leucocyte
      proteinases, and particularly alpha 1-PI-S with chymotrypsin, includes not only
      complex formation but also some inactivation of the inhibitor.

PMID- 6372792
TI  - Open field behaviour of rats after various mesencephalic lesions.
AB  - Hooded rats of the Long-Evans strain with small bilateral symmetric lesions of
      the pretectum (PR, n = 10), the nucleus commissurae posterioris (NCP, n = 14),
      area cuneiformis (CU, n = 10), area subcuneiformis (CUS, n = 11) and with
      combined lesions of CU and NCP (n = 6) were compared in an open field (OF)
      situation with sham-operated controls (C, n = 8). All lesioned rats showed
      significantly decreased crossing of 15 cm squares in the OF, which were
      controlled by infra-red beams. This decrease was stronger after dorsal lesions
      (55% of controls) than after ventral ones (80% of controls). In all lesioned
      groups with exception of CUS rats the duration of immobility was significantly
      prolonged, maximally after NCP lesions (980%). When NCP rats moved, they had a
      higher rate of crossings per second (150%) whereas CUS rats moved more slowly
      (71% crossings per second related to controls). The stay on peripheral fields was
      prolonged in PR rats and reduced in NCP rats. The number of rearings in all
      lesioned animals was less than 25% of control values. This was closely correlated
      with a strong reduction of climbings at the walls except after PR lesions. The
      third parameter of exploratory behaviour - the duration of sniffing - was
      significantly diminished except in CUS rats, in which sniffing was significantly
      enhanced compared with controls. Lesioned rats had shorter grooming latencies
      with a minimum in CUS rats (23% of controls) and prolonged grooming durations
      with a maximum in NCP-CU rats (267%). The results demonstrate that relatively
      small lesions in the anterior mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) lead to
      remarkable changes in the spontaneous behaviour of rats with widely differing
      patterns of behavioural parameters depending on the locus of bilateral symmetric
      lesions. The data suggest in contrast to the hypothesis of an unspecific
      modulating function of the MRF, that their different parts play a specific role
      in the integration of various behavioural patterns.

PMID- 6372793
TI  - Protease and peptidase activities during reticulocyte maturation.
AB  - Rabbit reticulocytes were fractionated according to buoyant density on albumin
      gradients. The properties of fractionated cells were consistent with the thesis
      that the procedure separated the reticulocytes according to their degree of
      maturation. Catabolism of aminoethylcysteine-induced abnormal protein and
      puromycin-peptides declined with increasing cellular maturity. Cell-free extracts
      showed a similar decrease in degradative activity: addition of extracts of young
      cells stimulated proteolysis in extracts from old cells. Peptidase activity also
      declined during maturation. In the more mature cells abnormal protein was located
      increasingly in the cell-debris fraction, analogous to Heinz bodies.

PMID- 6372794
TI  - Metabolism of erythrocyte infected with malaria parasite and the action of
      antimalarial drugs.

PMID- 6372795
TI  - The effect of phenylhydrazine on protein breakdown in rabbit reticulocytes.
AB  - In contrast to reticulocytes produced by bleeding reticulocytes produced by
      injections of phenylhydrazine exhibit a sizeable Antimycin A- and a large
      salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM)-resistant proteolysis. In their cytosol there exist
      both ATP-independent and ATP-dependent protease systems. The substrate of
      proteolysis are denatured and aggregated proteins arising from reactions of
      phenylhydrazine with cell constituents. In phenylhydrazine-induced reticulocytes
      there is an overlap between the basic biological process of maturation-dependent
      proteolysis of mitochondria and the breakdown of denatured and aggregated
      "abnormal" proteins.

PMID- 6372796
TI  - The insulin and glucagon degrading proteinase of rat liver. Separation of the
      proteinase from the thiol-proteindisulfide oxidoreductases.
AB  - Insulin degrading enzymes of rat liver cytosol, the so-called insulin and
      glucagon degrading proteinase (IGP, EC 3.4.23.5), and two forms of the insulin
      degrading thiol-protein-disulfide oxidoreductase/isomerase (glutathione-insulin
      transhydrogenase, TPO, EC 1.8.4.2/5.3.4.1) were separated from each other and
      partially purified on DEAE-Sephadex. The highly purified proteinase was obtained
      by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the DEAE-Sephadex-purified enzyme
      fraction and was used to produce monospecific antibodies to the IGP in rabbits.
      Strong evidence is given that the insulin and glucagon degrading proteinase is an
      autonomous enzyme existing in addition to the TPO forms in the cytosol of the
      liver. Combined action of the proteinase and the TPO system on radioiodinated
      insulin under various conditions in vitro revealed an independent and non
      sequential degradation of insulin by these two enzyme systems.

PMID- 6372797
TI  - The insulin and glucagon degrading proteinase of rat liver: a metal-dependent
      enzyme.
AB  - Insulin and glucagon degrading proteinase (EC 3.4.23.5) purified from rat liver
      cytosol was characterized using radioiodinated insulin and glucagon as
      substrates. Maximum activity for breakdown of both hormones was found at pH 8.1.
      Thiol blocking reagents as well as indole derivatives inhibit the proteinase,
      whereas pepstatin, leupeptin, bestatin, elastatinal, antipain, chymostatin and
      phosphoramidon do not have any effect. Although the Km values and maximal
      velocities of insulin and glucagon breakdown deviate strongly from each other,
      the specificity constants (kcat/Km) for both substrates are nearly identical. The
      insulin and glucagon degrading proteinase, known as a thiol-dependent enzyme, was
      found to be also a metallo enzyme. Chelating agents, such as EDTA, EGTA,
      bipyridine and o-phenanthroline show a concentration dependent inhibition. The
      strongest inhibitor found was o-phenanthroline. Zn++, Co++, Mn++, and to a
      smaller extent Cd++ and Fe++, are capable of preventing the o-phenanthroline
      mediated inhibition. Removal of the protein-bound metal(s) results in a nearly
      total and irreversible loss of enzymatic activity.

PMID- 6372798
TI  - Charge-reducing lymphokine activity in Concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocyte
      supernatants: preliminary biological and biochemical characterization.
AB  - Supernatants of Concanavalin A stimulated (active) and unstimulated (control)
      guinea pig lymphocytes were fractionated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 into
      four arbitrary fractions (F1-F4). Fraction F3 from active supernatant (m.w. range
      40 000-15000 D) was found to cause significant slowing of guinea pig macrophages
      in cell electrophoresis at dilutions of 1 : 200 (expressed as aliquots of the
      unfractionated supernatants). Neither the other fractions of the active
      supernatant nor the respective fractions of the control supernatant revealed any
      significant mobility reduction of guinea pig macrophages in cell electrophoresis.
      This charge-reducing activity could be blocked by alpha-L fucose, but not by
      other related monosaccharides. It was shown to be lyophilizable, nondialyzable,
      adsorbable to guinea pig macrophages and stable at 253 K for several months. The
      possible relationship of the charge-reducing lymphokine(s) to guinea pig
      macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MMIF) is discussed.

PMID- 6372799
TI  - HLA-DR4 is not a requisite for autoimmunity to collagen in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Immunogenetic studies in rheumatoid arthritis have demonstrated an increased
      frequency of the HLA-DR4 alloantigen in individuals with both the sporadic and
      familial forms of the disease. To investigate the significance of this
      association, we ascertained whether the possession of DR4 is necessary for the
      expression of cellular and humoral immunity to native human type II collagen. Our
      results indicate that the presence of DR4 is not required for the development of
      autoimmunity to collagen in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6372800
TI  - Development of antinuclear antibody in patients treated with high doses of
      captopril.

PMID- 6372801
TI  - Bifonazole and clotrimazole. Their mode of action and the possible reason for the
      fungicidal behaviour of bifonazole.
AB  - Bifonazole (Bay h 4502, Mycospor) and clotrimazole (Bay b 5097, Canesten) are
      potent inhibitors of ergosterol synthesis in yeasts and dermatophytes. Inhibition
      of demethylation of 4,4',14-trimethylsterols is accepted as primary mode of
      action responsible for their fungistatic efficacy. In Candida albicans,
      Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes as well as in Epidermophyton
      floccosum the ergosterol precursor 24-methylendihydrolanosterol accumulates,
      whereas in Torulopsis glabrata lanosterol accumulation occurs, due to the fact
      that in this organism side chain alkylation proceeds after demethylation
      reactions. Bifonazole additionally leads to a generally decreased rate of sterol
      biosynthesis as compared to clotrimazole, due to a direct inhibition of
      microsomal HMG-CoA-reductase. The additional fungicidal effects of bifonazole are
      considered to originate from a sequential action by inhibition of HMG-CoA
      reductase and of cytochrome P450.

PMID- 6372802
TI  - A quantitative analysis of steric and hydrophobic effects in ribonucleoside
      diphosphate reductase inhibition by thiosemicarbazones.
AB  - Ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase (RDR) inhibitory activity of 2
      formylpyridine and 1-formylisoquinoline thiosemicarbazones is quantitatively
      analysed in relation to a steric parameter (van der Waals volume, VW) and the
      hydrophobic parameter logP. The activity is found to be significantly correlated
      with VW and very poorly with logP. On the basis of this, it is inferred that RDR
      inhibition by thiosemicarbazones is very sensitive to steric effects and is
      little influenced by the hydrophobic character of the molecules.

PMID- 6372803
TI  - The effects of insulin on the cardiovascular system in patients with coronary
      heart disease.
AB  - In order to clarify the effects of insulin on the cardiovascular system in
      patients with and without coronary heart disease (CHD), we studied the changes of
      electrocardiogram (ECG), blood pressure, pulse rate, along with those of blood
      glucose, free fatty acid, immunoreactive insulin, cortisol and potassium during
      insulin tolerance test (ITT). The presence or absence of CHD was verified by the
      coronary angiography and various stress testings beforehand. In patients with
      CHD, ischemic ST-T wave changes were recorded following the increment of double
      product after insulin injection and these changes were quite similar to those
      recorded during exercise test. In patients without CHD, although hypoglycemia and
      suppression of lipolysis were achieved, ischemic ST-T wave changes were not
      recorded after insulin injection. Furthermore, in a patient with Triple Vessel
      Disease, ischemic changes of ECG provoked by ITT were abolished completely by the
      administration of nifedipine and propranolol. ITT may induce ischemic changes of
      ECG in patients with CHD by different mechanisms from those of exercise tests and
      it may provide a useful tool for the diagnosis of CHD in clinical applications.

PMID- 6372804
TI  - PSB accreditation for schools: A source of pride.

PMID- 6372805
TI  - Occupational mobility of speech-language pathologists and audiologists: Part II.

PMID- 6372806
TI  - Clinical supervision in speech-language pathology and audiology.

PMID- 6372807
TI  - Prostaglandin production in phenotypically distinct cultured bovine pulmonary
      artery endothelium.
AB  - Bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells, maintained in culture for prolonged
      periods, were observed to enter into a secondary growth pattern commonly referred
      to as sprouting. Our investigations, as well as those of other workers, indicate
      that these cells represent a phenotypic variant of the original endothelial cell
      population, rather than the proliferation of a contaminating cell type. A
      significant increase in prostaglandin production, particularly prostacyclin,
      could be correlated with the appearance of these phenotypically distinct
      endothelial cells in culture. We suggest that the elevation in prostacyclin
      synthesis is a result of endothelial cell sprouting and hypothesize that
      increased prostacyclin levels may account for the inhibition of platelet
      deposition reported in post-confluent endothelial cultures.

PMID- 6372808
TI  - Economic incentives for health.

PMID- 6372809
TI  - Mortality and morbidity from injuries in sports and recreation.

PMID- 6372810
TI  - Modifying and developing health behavior.
AB  - The literatures on both behavior modification and behavioral development have
      engendered innovations in public health programs, addressing problems of patient
      adherance to preventive and therapeutic regimens, delay in seeking diagnosis of
      illness symptoms, risk-taking behavior, and other aspects of lifestyle associated
      with health. Because most of this literature derives from psychology, there has
      been a distinct bias in the construction of interventions, pointing them directly
      at individuals, usually in a counseling or small group mode of delivery. These
      developments served public health well enough during a decade or so when the
      preoccupation was with utilization of health services and medical management of
      chronic diseases. With the publication of the Lalonde Report in Canada in 1974,
      the passage of Public Law 94-317 in 1976 in the United States, and similar
      initiatives in other English-speaking and European countries, the recognition of
      the greater complexities of lifestyle development and modification in the absence
      of symptoms has taken hold. Policy makers and public health workers seek a more
      efficient and equitable set of strategies to meet the behavioral health
      challenges of modern society without placing the entire weight of responsibility
      for behavior on the individual or on therapeutic practitioners. Concurrently, on
      a more global scale and in the developing countries, a concern has emerged for
      strategies that give individuals, families, and communities a greater role in
      deciding their own health priorities. The convergence of these two trends--one
      seeking to distribute responsibility for lifestyle more equitably and the other
      seeking to distribute responsibility for planning health programs more equitably 
      -calls for policies, strategies, and interventions that will place similar
      emphasis on health education and organizational, economic, and environmental
      supports for health behavior. The combination of these elements of support for
      behavior calls, in turn, for research and more inventive applications of theory
      from sociology, political science, economics, and anthropology. Public health
      workers will need to become more conversant and facile in these social sciences,
      as they have in psychology and its applications in the recent past.

PMID- 6372811
TI  - Experiences with evaluating the safety and efficacy of medical technologies.

PMID- 6372812
TI  - Alcohol control and public health.

PMID- 6372813
TI  - Stress and health.

PMID- 6372814
TI  - Type A behavior: epidemiologic foundations and public health implications.

PMID- 6372815
TI  - Vision disorders in public health.

PMID- 6372816
TI  - Statistical analysis of survival data.

PMID- 6372817
TI  - Assessing the physical health effects of social networks and social support.

PMID- 6372818
TI  - The sex differential in morbidity, mortality, and lifestyle.
AB  - In the United States women live longer than men, and they have lower death rates
      at virtually every age and for most causes of death. Similar relationships
      prevail in most developed nations. The sex differential in mortality has been
      increasing since the early 1900s , especially for those 15-24 and 55-64 years of
      age. Since 1970, however, that trend has slowed for persons 45-74, and in 1980
      the sex differential was actually lower than in 1970 among those 55-64. Although
      the female sex advantage in respect to most causes of death has been increasing,
      the differential for coronary heart disease has recently stabilized; and the lung
      cancer mortality rate among women is now increasing faster than that among men.
      Recent statistics for these two important causes of death may indicate that the
      previous, more favorable trend in women than in men may be reversing in response
      to changes in lifestyle. Women's health may be improving at a slower rate because
      they are exposed to more job stresses and other risk factors, such as cigarettes,
      than before; alternatively, men's health may be improving at a faster rate
      because they are exercising more, smoking cigarettes less, and following
      healthier diets in recent decades. Despite their continuing mortality advantage,
      women experience more illness than men. This may reflect women's greater
      utilization of medical services, and physicians' diagnostic patterns, as well as
      women's greater willingness to acknowledge and report illness. Sex differences in
      illness persist, however, when physical examinations are used for assessment in
      population-based samples. Women appear to have higher rates of conditions that
      rarely cause death, for example, rheumatoid arthritis; whereas men tend to have
      more fatal conditions, such as coronary heart disease. At least two categories of
      lifestyle characteristics are associated with male-female differences in health:
      (a) social roles, such as marriage, parenthood, and employment; and (b)
      behaviors, such as cigarette smoking and Type A behavior. Preliminary evidence
      indicates that some of these lifestyle characteristics may act synergistically on
      health. Several aspects of lifestyle thus underlie sex differences in morbidity
      and mortality. There is also evidence that biological factors influence
      male/female mortality differences, particularly in infancy and prenatal life. A
      substantial sex differential remains, however, even after adjusting for numerous
      lifestyle and biological variables. This is especially true for heart disease
      mortality.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6372819
TI  - Early developments and recent trends in the evolution of the local public
      hospital.

PMID- 6372820
TI  - [Biographical data of Dr. Ramon M. Suarez Calderon].

PMID- 6372821
TI  - [The contribution of Dr. Ramon M. Suarez to sprue research].

PMID- 6372822
TI  - [The contribution of Dr. Ramon M. Suarez to the study of arterial hypertension].

PMID- 6372823
TI  - [The Foundation for Clinical Research (pro Deo, patriae eius scientia)].

PMID- 6372824
TI  - [The contribution of Dr. Ramon M. Suarez to electrocardiography].

PMID- 6372825
TI  - [The contribution of Dr. Ramon M. Suarez to the recognition of rheumatic heart
      disease in the tropics].

PMID- 6372826
TI  - [The first and last publications by Dr. Ramon M. Suarez: Tratamiento moderno del
      asma bronquial: Boletin Asociacion Medica de Puerto Rico 1925. Glucose and the
      heart: Boletin Asociacion Medica de Puerto Rico 1974].

PMID- 6372827
TI  - Bibliography of the scientific works of Dr. Ramon M. Suarez.

PMID- 6372828
TI  - [Eulogy spoken at the funeral of Dr. Ramon M. Suarez, 17 December 1981].

PMID- 6372829
TI  - Use of immunologic techniques to predict success of therapy in human
      fascioliasis: a case report.

PMID- 6372830
TI  - [Coronary risk factors in the pediatric age].

PMID- 6372831
TI  - [Post-traumatic stress disorders: etiology, development and clinical
      manifestations].

PMID- 6372832
TI  - [Dehydration and rehydration: old problems with new solutions].

PMID- 6372833
TI  - [Controlled clinical study of the clinical efficacy and tolerability of a new
      nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory preparation, imidazole-2-hydroxybenzoate, in
      patients with pain and phlogistic syndromes of varying etiopathogenesis].

PMID- 6372834
TI  - [Clinical study of the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic actions of
      imidazole-2-hydroxybenzoate in acute inflammation of the respiratory tract].

PMID- 6372835
TI  - [Clinical study of imidazole-2-hydroxybenzoate in pediatrics].

PMID- 6372836
TI  - JF Malgaigne (1806-1865).

PMID- 6372837
TI  - Development of the human pancreas: variations and pathology. A tentative
      classification.
AB  - The pathology of the pancreas is sometimes related to the embryological
      development of the organ. The first part of this paper is a presentation of the
      embryology, morphogenesis and cytogenesis of the pancreas. A tentative
      classification is then proposed to group together the lesions directly related to
      anomalies of the position and differentiation of the pancreatic buds.
      Pathological processes affecting the pancreas can be divided into those related
      to the ducts and those related to the parenchyma of the gland. In each case
      anomalies arising at a given stage of development lead to different diseases of
      the pancreas.

PMID- 6372838
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography in infants and children with congenital heart
      disease.
AB  - Digital subtraction angiography was used as the sole imaging technique in 95
      infants and children aged 13 hours to 16 years undergoing cardiac catheterisation
      for the investigation of congenital heart disease. Injections of diluted contrast
      medium were made selectively at central sites, and the images were obtained using
      continuous image intensification fluoroscopy at either 32.25 nC/kg/s (125 microR
      /s) or 129 nC/kg/s (500 microR /s). In all cases images adequate for diagnosis
      and management were obtained with appreciably less contrast medium and a lower
      radiation dose than in a comparable group of patients using conventional biplane
      cineangiography. Thus digital subtraction angiography is a viable alternative to
      biplane cineangiography for children with congenital heart disease.

PMID- 6372839
TI  - Development of congestive heart failure after treatment with metoprolol in acute
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - In a double blind study of metoprolol in the treatment of suspected acute
      myocardial infarction 698 patients (study group) received metoprolol and 697 a
      placebo (control group). Metoprolol was given in an intravenous dose of 15 mg as
      soon as possible after admission to hospital followed by 50 g by mouth four times
      a day for two days and thereafter 100 mg twice a day for three months. A placebo
      was similarly given. Congestive heart failure occurred in a similar percentage of
      patients in both the study (27%) and the control groups (30%). Its severity was
      estimated by calculating the total dose of frusemide given during the first four
      days in hospital. Less frusemide was given to patients treated with metoprolol
      compared with those given a placebo in the total series. An appreciably lower
      total dose of frusemide was given to patients included in the trial less than or
      equal to 12 hours after the onset of pain and treated with metoprolol compared
      with a placebo, while no difference was seen among patients treated later. The
      initial heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and infarct site affected the
      results.

PMID- 6372840
TI  - Measurement of lung volume by multiple indicator dilution. Testing a modelled
      hypothesis with on-line computation.
AB  - Respiratory mass spectrometry and on-line computation were used to estimate lung
      volume in normal subjects by a rebreathing technique, using oxygen, nitrogen and
      argon as indicators. The computation had previously been tested in a numerical
      model. In real normal lungs, it performed well enough for practical purposes,
      despite recognizable oversimplifications in the modelling assumptions. The
      differences in estimate to be expected from different composition changes between
      control and rebreathing were less than 100 ml, and those from different
      indicators within a composition change were less than 50 ml. The use of two
      indicators in lung volume measurement allows a correction for volume changes
      attributable to carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide, and a third indicator provides
      a degree of quality control.

PMID- 6372841
TI  - The effects of acetylsalicylic acid on swelling, pain and other events after
      surgery.
AB  - In a double-blind crossover study acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in low (2 g daily)
      or high (4 g daily) dosage was tested against placebo in two groups of 20
      patients who each underwent identical oral surgical procedures on two separate
      occasions. Medication started 3 h post-operatively and continued for 3 days. ASA
      in low dosage tended to increase the postoperative swelling, which on day 3 and 6
      averaged 109 and 133% respectively of that with placebo (P greater than 0.05). In
      contrast, ASA in high dosage tended to reduce the swelling, which on day 3 and 6
      averaged 85 and 90% respectively of that with placebo (P greater than 0.05).
      Comparison of the two groups receiving ASA in low or high dosage revealed a
      significant difference in their effect on swelling; day 3, P = 0.05. Pain was
      significantly reduced with ASA, but there appeared to be no greater analgesic
      effect with 4 g ASA daily than with 2 g ASA daily. There was, however, a
      substantial increase in the number of patients who reported tinnitus after taking
      4 g ASA daily. Subjective postoperative bleeding scores were significantly
      increased with 2 g ASA daily, but not with 4 g ASA daily. None of the dosages of
      ASA appeared to reduce the swelling as efficiently, give better pain relief, or
      as high preference scores as previously obtained in studies when paracetamol and
      short term glucocorticoid administration were tested against placebo in this
      model.

PMID- 6372843
TI  - An unusual congenital abnormality in a diabetic patient's infant.

PMID- 6372842
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of phosphomycin during haemofiltration.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of phosphomycin were studied in 10 adult patients with
      terminal renal impairment during a 4 h haemofiltration session. A single i.v.
      dose of 30 mg/kg of the antibiotic was administered to each patient at the
      beginning of the haemofiltration session. The half-life of the slow disposition
      phase (t 1/ 2z ) showed an average value of 4.05 +/- 1.77 h, much lower than that
      established in patients who did not undergo any purification techniques. Serum
      phosphomycin concentrations at the input and the output of the haemofilter at the
      end of the session were, respectively, 26.65 and 19.13 micrograms/ml. During
      haemofiltration, 64.90% of the original dose was eliminated. In this kind of
      patient we recommend a dose of 30 mg/kg at the beginning and at the end of each
      haemofiltration session for interfiltration periods of 48 h.

PMID- 6372844
TI  - Histological analysis of human tumour cell colonies grown in methylcellulose
      cultures.

PMID- 6372845
TI  - Lung growth in health and disease.

PMID- 6372846
TI  - Double-blind comparisons of slow-release theophylline, ketotifen and placebo for
      prophylaxis of asthma in young children.
AB  - Clinical trials of slow-release theophylline and ketotifen as prophylaxis against
      asthma in 18 young children suggested that both drugs had some efficacy. The
      theophylline was more effective and produced reduction in salbutamol usage as
      well as an increase in peak expiratory flow rates. Transient nausea and vomiting
      was commoner during theophylline treatment but did not usually necessitate
      discontinuing therapy.

PMID- 6372847
TI  - The influence of pretreatment with prostaglandin F2 alpha on bronchial
      sensitivity to inhaled histamine and methacholine in normal subjects.
AB  - The effect of pretreatment with prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) on the
      bronchial sensitivity to histamine and methacholine has been studied in three
      groups of six normal subjects, and compared with the effect of citric acid
      aerosol as a non-specific stimulant of bronchial irritant receptors. Aerosols
      were generated by Wright's nebulizer and dose-response curves to histamine and
      methacholine constructed following preadministration of saline, prostaglandin F2
      alpha or citric acid. Following prostaglandin F2 alpha pretreatment, the PC20
      histamine fell from 12.9 mg/ml to 3.4 mg/ml (P less than 0.01), but the PC20
      methacholine was unchanged. Citric acid was without effect. The results indicate
      that prostaglandin F2 alpha can increase bronchial sensitivity to inhaled
      histamine, possibly via a direct effect on the airway smooth muscle.

PMID- 6372848
TI  - Lymphocytic infiltration of the skin (Jessner): a T-cell lymphoproliferative
      disease.
AB  - Recent studies have suggested that Jessner 's lymphocytic infiltration of the
      skin and lymphocytoma cutis both represent pseudo-B-cell lymphomas. We have now
      done immunohistochemical studies on frozen skin sections of six patients with
      lymphocytic infiltration of the skin. In all cases a predominance of T
      lymphocytes was observed and B lymphocytes were sparse or completely absent.
      These results indicate that Jessner 's lymphocytic infiltration of the skin is a
      T-cell lymphoproliferative disease which, unlike lymphocytoma cutis, cannot be
      regarded as a pseudo-B-cell lymphoma.

PMID- 6372849
TI  - Transepithelial elimination of elastic fibres in the regenerated human epidermis.
AB  - The elimination of elastic fibres through the regenerated epidermis of human skin
      was studied using histochemical, immunofluorescent and electron microscopic
      techniques. No abnormality was detected in the elastic fibres which were being
      eliminated, but they were in direct contact with the cytomembranes of some
      lymphocytes and were captured by histiocytes. It seemed that these elastic fibres
      were recognized as a foreign substance and provoked inflammation. Lymphocytes and
      histiocytes may play an important role in the transepithelial elimination of
      elastic fibres.

PMID- 6372850
TI  - Transplantation of ABH incompatible bone marrow: gravity sedimentation of donor
      marrow.
AB  - A simple technique to separate erythrocytes from bone marrow by sedimentation
      under gravity after addition of hydroxyethyl starch is described. This method of
      removing red blood cells from the donor marrow was evaluated in 23 consecutive
      allogeneic bone marrow transplants between ABH-incompatible individuals. Infusion
      of the separated marrow was well tolerated, i.e. graft-rejection did not occur,
      and sustained engraftment was documented in all evaluable cases. This technique
      obviates the need for cumbersome and potentially hazardous large volume plasma
      exchange that is commonly utilized to deplete recipient isohaemagglutinins prior
      to transplantation.

PMID- 6372851
TI  - Platelet inhibitory activity of prostacyclin in the presence of erythrocytes as
      studied with the impedance aggregometer.

PMID- 6372853
TI  - Hair chromium concentration and chromium excretion in tannery workers.
AB  - Hair and urine samples were collected from 34 male tannery workers and from 12
      normal adults. Eighteen of the workers dealt directly with chromium and the
      remaining 16 (controls) worked in the offices and kitchen of the same factory.
      All were found to be clinically healthy. Chromium was determined by flameless
      atomic absorption spectroscopy. When compared with normal adult values, urinary
      chromium concentration, Cr/Creatinine ratio, daily chromium excretion, and hair
      chromium, concentrations were significantly higher and urinary beta 2
      microglobulin/Cre ratios significantly lower in both tannery workers and in
      controls. A significant negative correlation was found between urinary beta 2
      microglobulin/Cre and Cr/Cre ratios of tannery workers and controls. A
      significant positive correlation was shown between hair chromium and urinary
      Cr/Cre values in all workers. No correlations between the duration of exposure to
      chromium and hair and urinary chromium values were found. Nevertheless, high
      values observed in workers with short exposures show that chromium is readily
      absorbed through the respiratory system.

PMID- 6372852
TI  - Urinary cadmium and lead concentrations and their relation to blood pressure in a
      population with low exposure.
AB  - The 24 hour urinary excretion of cadmium (U-Cd) and lead (U-Pb), and the
      excretion of beta-2- microglobulins and retinol binding protein concentration in
      spot urines, were determined in a random 4% sample of the population of a small
      Belgian town. Blood pressure and body weight were measured on two separate
      occasions. U-Cd averaged 2.4 nmol/24 h in 46 youths, increased with age, and was
      significantly higher in 57 adult men as compared with 59 women (9.3 v 7.2 nmol/24
      h; p less than 0.01). U-Pb averaged 28 nmol/24 h in youths and similarly
      increased with age: adult men excreted more lead than women (64 v 40.0 nmol/24 h;
      p less than 0.001). Among men, manual workers excreted more cadmium (12.6 v 7.5
      nmol/24 h; p less than 0.05) but a similar amount of lead (62 v 61 nmol/24 h)
      compared with office workers. After adjusting for sex and age, U-Cd and U-Pb were
      not related to body weight and cigarette consumption. In simple regression
      analysis, U-Cd was positively correlated with both systolic (r = +0.30; p less
      than 0.05) and diastolic (r = +0.38; p less than 0.01) blood pressure in women.
      After adjusting for other contributing variables, however, a weak but negative
      relation became apparent between systolic pressure and U-Cd in women (t = -2.21;
      p = 0.033) and between diastolic pressure and U-Cd in men (t = -2.04; p = 0.047).
      In women urinary beta-2-microglobulin was related to diastolic pressure (r-0.44;
      p<0.01) and after adjusting for age to both systolic (t=2.75; p=0.009) and
      diastolic (t=-3.07; p=0.004) pressure. In none of the sex-age groups did U-Pb and
      retinol binding protein contribute to the blood pressure variability.

PMID- 6372854
TI  - Pregnancy associated with amylo-1,6-glucosidase deficiency (Forbe's disease).
      Case report.

PMID- 6372855
TI  - Oral acyclovir in the management of dendritic herpetic corneal ulceration.
AB  - A controlled trial of oral acyclovir in herpetic dendritic corneal ulcers was
      carried out on 31 patients. All patients received minimal wiping debridement of
      the ulcer, following which they were randomly allocated to receive either oral
      acyclovir or placebo for 7 days. At the end of treatment 67% of dendritic ulcers
      in patients receiving acyclovir had healed compared with 43% in placebo
      recipients. The proportion of ulcers healed in the 2 groups at 7 days showed no
      significant difference (p = 0.18), but the rate of healing was significantly
      faster in acyclovir group (p = 0.03).

PMID- 6372856
TI  - Dietary components and plasma insulin responses to fasting and refeeding in
      genetically obese hyperglycaemic (ob/ob) mice.
AB  - To investigate the role of dietary components in the hyperinsulinaemia of the
      obese hyperglycaemic (ob/ob) syndrome, plasma insulin responses to fasting and
      refeeding were examined in Aston ob/ob mice supplied with standard diet, non
      digestible-carbohydrate test food, and isoenergetic test foods from which either
      carbohydrate, protein or fat was omitted. During fasting, plasma insulin
      concentrations fell more rapidly and to a greater extent than plasma glucose.
      Refeeding the standard diet raised insulin concentrations above normal,
      associated with a 25% compensatory increase in food intake over 24 h. Test foods
      supplied to previously fed or fasted mice produced glucose responses consistent
      with the available carbohydrate content. Carbohydrate-free food (protein and fat)
      provided a small insulinotropic stimulus; the effect of protein-free food
      (carbohydrate and fat) was greater; and the combination of carbohydrate with
      protein (fat-free food) evoked a marked insulin response. In contrast, insulin
      concentrations declined in mice given the non-digestible-carbohydrate food.
      Consumption of the standard diet was increased after 24 h feeding non-digestible
      carbohydrate food, but was unaffected by a 30 h fast initiated 54 h previously.
      These results demonstrate that hyperinsulinaemia in ob/ob mice is not merely
      triggered by the ingestion of bulk, but depends on the type of nutrient ingested.
      Dietary carbohydrate appears to be the major stimulus to the hyperinsulinaemia,
      with an important augmentation in the presence of protein. Since direct glucose
      stimulation of insulin release is defective in ob/ob mice, the hyperinsulinaemia
      must be mediated by increased activity of the enteroinsular axis.

PMID- 6372857
TI  - Critical role of the A2 amino acid residue in the biological activity of insulin:
      [2-glycine-A]- and [2-alanine-A]insulins.
AB  - We report the synthesis of [2-glycine-A]insulin ([ Gly2 -A]insulin) and [2
      alanine-A]insulin ([ Ala2-A]insulin) in which the indicated amino acid has been
      substituted for isoleucine found in this position in the natural hormone. The
      circular dichroic (CD) spectra of the analogues were obtained, and their
      properties were examined in several biological assays. CD studies suggested that
      the analogues remain monomeric at concentrations at which insulin is partly or
      mostly dimeric. Both analogues are extremely weak full agonists. [ Gly2 -A]
      insulin displays 0.05% of the potency of bovine insulin, whereas [Ala2-A]insulin
      assays at 0.4% of the activity of the natural hormone. We conclude that the
      presence of the side chain of isoleucine at position A2 is a critical requirement
      for high biological activity in insulin. The data, together with previous
      observations, are discussed in connection with an interaction between the side
      chain of isoleucine-A2 and the phenolic ring system of tyrosine-A19, which are in
      van der Waals contact in crystalline insulin. This interaction may be required to
      permit the molecule to assume a conformation consistent with dimerization and
      with binding to the insulin receptor.

PMID- 6372858
TI  - T4 RNA ligase mediated preparation of novel "chemically misacylated" tRNAPheS.
AB  - T4 RNA ligase was employed for the condensation of Escherichia coli tRNAPhe
      missing cytidine-75 and adenosine-76 (tRNAPhe-COH; the acceptor "oligomer") with
      each of several chemically acylated derivatives of pCpA (the donor "oligomer").
      The resulting "chemically misacylated " tRNAPheS were obtained in 20-65% yields
      following chromatographic workup on DEAE-cellulose and benzoylated DEAE
      cellulose. Characterization of the chemically misacylated tRNAs was accomplished
      by (i) enzymatic reaminoacylation of chemically misacylated tRNAPhe with
      phenylalanine by E. coli phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase following chemical
      deacylation of the "incorrect" amino acid, (ii) comparison of the hydrolytic
      effects of Cu2+ solutions on chemically and enzymatically prepared samples of N
      acetyl-L-phenylalanyl- tRNAPheS , and (iii) measurement of the chromatographic
      behavior of the tRNA species derived from chemical misacylation .

PMID- 6372860
TI  - Integrated function of a kinetic proofreading mechanism: steady-state analysis
      testing internal consistency of data obtained in vivo and in vitro and predicting
      parameter values.
AB  - Experimental measurements of the kinetic mechanism involving isoleucyl-tRNA
      synthetase proofreading valyl-tRNAIle in Escherichia coli have been incorporated
      into the conventional Michaelis-Menten model for this system. The model was
      subjected to a detailed mathematical analysis in the steady state. The results of
      this analysis provide an excellent illustration of the value of integrating
      fragmentary data into a model of the intact system. (1) Such integration provides
      a rigorous test for consistency of the individual measurements. For the above
      synthetase system, the published experimental data were found to be internally
      inconsistent. (2) Such integration predicts which experimental data are most
      suspect. In this case, one of the three most questionable measurements, the
      isoleucine pool size in vivo, was found upon reexamination to be in error by 10
      15-fold. Correction of this error produced a self-consistent set of parameter
      values. (3) The integrated analysis provides predictions for various parameter
      values. In many cases, these predictions provide estimates for parameter values
      that are difficult to determine directly or that have yet to be measured
      experimentally. (4) A sensitivity analysis provides an indication of the relative
      importance of various parameter values and, hence, an indication of where future
      experimental effort might be focused most profitably.

PMID- 6372859
TI  - Escherichia coli ribosomal 5S RNA-protein L25 nucleoprotein complex: effects of
      RNA binding on the protein structure and the nature of the interaction.
AB  - The complexes of three variants of Escherichia coli 5S RNA with ribosomal protein
      L25 have been studied by high-field proton nuclear magnetic resonance. A
      spectroscopic method is demonstrated to help distinguish the macromolecular
      sources of proton resonances in nucleoprotein complexes. The effects of L25
      binding on the three RNAs tested were small; the presence of the L25 did not
      strongly influence the conformation of the RNA. The interaction of L25 with 5S
      RNA produced modest, but distinctive, alterations in the protein spectrum, in
      both the aromatic region and the upfield spectrum. As judged by these changes,
      the mechanism of binding was the same in all three cases. The changes seen in the
      spectrum of L25 indicate that its conformation is not altered in a major way upon
      RNA binding. Arginine residues appear to be involved in the binding mechanism.
      Intercalation of L25 aromatic residues with RNA bases does not appear to play a
      role in the interaction.

PMID- 6372861
TI  - Integrated function of a kinetic proofreading mechanism: dynamic analysis
      separating the effects of speed and substrate competition on accuracy.
AB  - All of the data relating to isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase and its proofreading of
      valyl-tRNAIle have been integrated into a single model whose dynamic behavior has
      been determined by numerical solution of the relevant kinetic equations. The
      results indicate that (1) the system normally operates in vivo with amino acid
      concentrations slightly above the apparent Km of the system, (2) increases in the
      displacement of reactants from thermodynamic equilibrium increase the net
      reaction velocity when the appropriate nominal parameter values are selected, (3)
      the cost of proofreading decreases with an increase in displacement of reactants
      from equilibrium, (4) accuracy and reaction velocity tend to be inversely related
      when substrate competition is unchanged but directly related or unrelated when
      substrate competition is altered, (5) changes in substrate competition are about
      twice as effective as changes in reaction velocity in altering the overall
      accuracy of aminoacylation, and (6) simultaneous changes in substrate competition
      and reaction velocity have a cumulative but not additive effect upon accuracy.
      With regard to the temporal development of errors and proofreading costs, we have
      seen two different patterns. In one, errors or costs gradually change with time
      following an abrupt alteration; in the other, errors or costs change dramatically
      in one direction and then more slowly reverse themselves. In all cases, the
      system responds to change quickly (less than 0.02-0.2 s) but shows no tendency to
      oscillate.

PMID- 6372863
TI  - Chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization studies of yeast tRNAPhe.
AB  - Chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP) has been observed from
      yeast tRNAPhe following reaction with photoexcited riboflavin. At 20 degrees C,
      several resonances of tRNA in the native form show polarization; previous work
      predicts that only guanosine and its derivatives in single-stranded regions are
      likely to become polarized [ McCord , E.F., Morden , K. M., Pardi , A., Tinoco ,
      I., Jr., & Boxer, S. G. (1984) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)]. The
      methyl protons of m22G -26 show strong negative spin polarization, indicating
      that this residue is accessible. The solvent accessibility of this residue has
      not been previously demonstrated. In addition, two positively polarized aromatic
      resonances are observed, which are likely due to two or more G(H8) protons,
      including those of G-20, m22G -26, and/or Gm-34. For temperatures below 50
      degrees C, a negatively polarized signal in the aromatic region is shown to arise
      from cross relaxation with the methyl group protons of m22G -26. This indicates
      the proximity of an aromatic proton, probably H2 of A-44, to the methyl groups of
      m22G -26. At higher temperatures, the CIDNP spectra show polarization of several
      additional G resonances, including those of m2G -10. These changes in the CIDNP
      spectra reflect melting of the tertiary and secondary structure of the tRNA. This
      work is the first use of CIDNP to study a large nucleic acid molecule and
      exemplifies the value of this technique in probing single-stranded and solvent
      accessible regions of tRNA.

PMID- 6372862
TI  - Stereochemical course of thiophosphoryl group transfer catalyzed by mitochondrial
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase.
AB  - Guinea pig liver mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase catalyzes the
      conversion of (Rp)-guanosine 5'-(3-thio[3-18O]triphosphate) and oxalacetate to
      (Sp)-[18O] thiophosphoenolpyruvate , GDP, and CO2 by a mechanism that involves
      overall inversion in the configuration of the chiral [18O]thiophosphate group.
      This result is most consistent with a single displacement mechanism in which the
      [18O]thiophosphoryl group is transferred from (Rp)-guanosine 5'-(3-thio[3
      18O]triphosphate) bound at the active site directly to enolpyruvate generated at
      the active site by the decarboxylation of oxalacetate. In particular, this result
      does not indicate the involvement of a covalent thiophosphoryl-enzyme on the
      reaction pathway.

PMID- 6372864
TI  - Direct mass spectroscopic method for determination of oxygen isotope position in
      adenosine 5'-O-(1-thiotriphosphate). Determination of the stereochemical course
      of the yeast phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase reaction.
AB  - Negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry has been used to distinguish
      between (Sp)-adenosine 5'-O-(1-thiotriphosphate) containing either an alpha-
      nonbridging or an alpha-beta-bridging 18O label. The method does not require any
      nucleotide derivatization and so avoids the excessive manipulations and
      purifications necessary to distinguish between the above two species using
      conventional mass spectroscopy. Furthermore, it is between 50 and 200 times more
      sensitive than other direct methods based on 31P nuclear magnetic resonance
      spectroscopy. Routinely, 100 nmol of nucleoside phosphorothioate is ample to
      establish the 18O isotope position by normal as well as linked scan mass
      spectrometry. In cases where normal mass spectrometry is considered adequate, 10
      nmol of material suffices. This technique should be useful in determining the
      stereochemical course of enzymatic nucleotidyl transfer and nuclease-catalyzed
      hydrolysis reactions under conditions of limiting availability of enzyme or
      substrate. Yeast phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase was used to prepare the 18O-labeled
      adenosine 5'-O-(1-thiotriphosphate) species, and this enzyme was concomitantly
      shown to catalyze adenylyl transfer with inversion of configuration at
      phosphorus.

PMID- 6372865
TI  - Methylation, expression and chromosomal position of genes in mammals.

PMID- 6372867
TI  - The fate of labelled glucose molecules in the rat adipocyte. Dependence on
      glucose concentration.
AB  - Isolated rat adipocytes were incubated with 15 nM [3-3H]glucose or 100 nM [U
      14C]glucose with or without insulin and in the absence or presence of unlabelled
      glucose. Following a 2 h incubation with 15 nM [3-3H]glucose, about two thirds of
      the cell-associated 3H-labelled metabolic products were hydrophilic largely
      anionic intermediates and about one third was lipids. The equivalent values were
      40 and 60%, respectively, when using 100 nM [U-14C]glucose. The only 14C-labelled
      metabolite escaping to the incubation medium was 14CO2, which accounted for about
      15% of the rate of metabolism. Therefore, the rate of incorporation of 100 nM [U
      14C]glucose into the cell-associated metabolites was quite a good measure of its
      net influx rate. The conversion of the two tracers to the sum of the metabolic
      products in cells treated with a maximally stimulating insulin concentration
      remained constant with glucose concentrations up to about 100 microM and then
      decreased progressively. The incorporation of radioactivity into the different
      metabolites varied markedly over the glucose concentration range 0-100 microM,
      presumably due to the saturation of different metabolic pools at different
      glucose concentrations. This variation was much less in cells not stimulated with
      insulin. Consequently, the maximal effect of insulin on the incorporation of the
      tracers into a given metabolite (e.g., labelled lipids) varied over the entire
      glucose concentration range. In addition, the apparent sensitivity (ED50) with
      respect to the incorporation into a given metabolite was also dependent on the
      glucose concentration.

PMID- 6372866
TI  - Deoxynucleoside overproduction in deoxyadenosine-resistant, adenosine deaminase
      deficient human histiocytic lymphoma cells.
AB  - Deoxyadenosine toxicity toward lymphocytes may produce immune dysfunction in
      patients with adenosine deaminase (adenosine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.4)
      deficiency. The relationship between endogenous deoxynucleoside synthesis in
      adenosine deaminase-deficient cells and sensitivity to adenosine and
      deoxyadenosine toxicity is unclear. The human histiocytic lymphoma cell line (DHL
      9) naturally lacks adenosine deaminase, and has minimal levels of thymidine
      kinase. Dividing DHL-9 cells excrete deoxyadenosine and thymidine into the
      extracellular space. The present experiments have analyzed nucleoside synthesis
      and excretion in a mutagenized clone of DHL-9 cells, selected for increased
      resistance to deoxyadenosine toxicity. The deoxyadenosine-resistant cells
      excreted both deoxyadenosine and thymidine at a 6-7-fold higher rate than wild
      type lymphoma cells. The deoxyadenosine overproduction was accompanied by a
      reduced ability to form dATP from exogenous deoxyadenosine, and a 2.5-fold
      increase in ribonucleotide reductase activity. The pace of adenosine excretion,
      the growth rate, and the levels of multiple other enzymes involved in
      deoxyadenosine and adenosine metabolism were equivalent in the two cell types.
      These results suggest that the excretion of deoxyadenosine and thymidine, but not
      adenosine, is exquisitely sensitive to alterations in the rate of endogenous
      deoxynucleotide synthesis. Apparently, small changes in deoxynucleotide synthesis
      can significantly influence cellular sensitivity to deoxyadenosine toxicity.

PMID- 6372868
TI  - The inhibition of erythrocyte glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. In situ
      PMR studies.
AB  - The kinetics of inhibition of human erythrocyte glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase by iodoacetate were studied in the intact cell and in vitro. The
      kinetics were determined using 1H-NMR to follow solvent exchange of 1H and 2H at
      the C-2 position of lactate. The exchange occurs via a series of enzyme-catalysed
      reactions, including that catalysed by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
      A direct assay with quenching of the inhibition was also used to check the
      results. Iodoacetate was shown to act as an active site-directed inhibitor of the
      dehydrogenase. The enzyme inhibition patterns, which are characterised by a
      binding step and a kinetic step, are similar in situ and in vitro. Membrane
      binding, however, was found to alter the inhibition pattern for the enzyme in
      vitro.

PMID- 6372869
TI  - Dielectrophoretic properties of yeast cells dividing by budding and by
      transversal fission.
AB  - The dielectrophoretic behaviour of yeast cells dividing by budding or by
      transversal fission was analyzed. The results obtained show that the
      dielectrophoretic yield is a linear function of alternating voltage, cell
      concentration and the square root of the time of collection in all the species
      assayed. Dependence of the rate of collection on the frequency of the voltage
      applied (between 0.2 and 5 MHz) was also found. This behaviour is similar in the
      three microorganisms studied. The scale factor correlating the frequency spectrum
      for Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomycopsis lipolytica is proportional to
      cell size. However, these results can not be extended to Schizosaccharomyces
      pombe. A relationship between the dielectrophoretic yield and the age of the
      culture and the consumption of glucose has been established for the three yeast
      strains. Dielectrophoresis also permits the differentiation between viable and
      non-viable cells.

PMID- 6372870
TI  - [Enzyme inactivation after exposure to mechanical factors].
AB  - Kinetics of decreasing proteolytic activity of subtilisin and trypsin during
      grinding of powders was studied. The enzymes were ground in a ball laboratory
      vibromill for 1-80 min within the temperature range 80-300 K in the air or
      helium. Proteolytic activity of the enzymes measured by the splitting of low
      molecular p-nitroanilide substrates decreases with the increase of the treatment
      time according to the equation of the first order. By means of titration of
      trypsin active centres a decrease of their number after grinding was shown.
      Kinetic parameters in Michaelis-Menten equation were determined for trypsin
      enzymic reaction. It was found that the value kappa kat decreased with an
      increase of the time of mechanical treatment.

PMID- 6372871
TI  - [Study of low temperature crystallization in E. coli cells using NMR].
AB  - Freezing and thawing processes of the E. coli cell suspension have been studied
      by NMR. It was shown that the degree of the cell dehydration correlated with its
      freezing time. The effect of the recrystallization processes was evaluated and
      its temperature range was indicated. It was noted that nonfreezing water content
      increased during thawing of the cells as compared to this content at the same
      temperature during freezing.

PMID- 6372872
TI  - [Changes in redox potentials during transitional processes in pure and mixed
      cultures of Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens].
AB  - There were studied transitional processes accompanying the beginning of growth
      under glucose addition and stopping of growth under glucose exhaustion in pure
      and mixed aerobic cultures of Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens. Continued
      record of Eh, pH, and CO2 showed that these processes sharply differ from each
      other in their character in pure and mixed cultures, it is particularly related
      to the changes of the redox potential. There is no characteristic change in the
      redox potential in pure culture of E. coli at growth termination in the case when
      S. marcescens cells are present in the culture.

PMID- 6372873
TI  - [Exchange of H+ and K+ ions and changes in the surface electrostatic charge in E.
      coli].
AB  - Changing of surface electrostatic charge takes place in E. coli at the
      dicyclohexyl carbodiimide-sensitive two-step exchange of H+ for K+ and its
      kinetics is reflected in the pattern of this ionic exchange.

PMID- 6372874
TI  - Biofeedback-assisted stress management for insulin-treated diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Six insulin-treated diabetic patients (four with type I and two with type II) who
      completed a biofeedback-assisted stress management program based on family
      systems theory improved their response to life stressors, and none had negative
      side effects. Four decreased their insulin requirement, including one who
      remained stable even during two pregnancies; the sixth became stable and
      discontinued drug abuse. All started biofeedback for reasons other than diabetes.
      Follow-ups of some individuals extend over 4 years.

PMID- 6372876
TI  - [Characterization of the subunits of botulinum neurotoxin type A].
AB  - A comparative amino acid analysis of botulinum neurotoxin type A and its subunits
      has been carried out. The heavy and light chains of neurotoxin have the same
      ratios of polar and non-polar amino acids (1.3:1), the amount of tryptophan
      residues in the heavy chain is 4 times as much as that in the light chain, and
      the number of SH-groups exceeds that in the light chains 2-fold. In neurotoxin,
      two N-terminal amino acid residues--alanine and leucine--were identified. Alanine
      was found to be the N-terminus of the heavy chain. The fluorescence spectra of
      neurotoxin subunits indicate differences in the conformational state of the
      polypeptide chains. The antigenic non-identity of botulinum neurotoxin A subunits
      suggests the presence in the neurotoxin molecule of at least two antigenic
      determinants, corresponding to the heavy and light chains.

PMID- 6372875
TI  - Self-instructed relaxation: a therapeutic alternative.
AB  - A self-instructed relaxation program was compared with therapist-instructed
      relaxation and waiting list controls. Self-report anxiety measures ( IPAT and
      STAI ) and a psychophysiological stress profile (frontal EMG, GSR, heart rate,
      finger temperature monitored under relaxation and stressor conditions) were
      utilized pre- and posttreatment to determine efficacy. Self-monitored heart rate,
      respiration rate, and finger temperature were used to monitor home practice
      sessions. Subjects reported increased ability to relax and control stress;
      however, frontal EMG measured under stressor conditions was the only dependent
      measure to confirm this perception. No between-group differences on any other
      dependent measures were observed. Reliable changes on all self-monitored home
      practice measures were observed, suggesting that this procedure is a useful gauge
      of home practice.

PMID- 6372877
TI  - Effect of four primary prostaglandins and relaxin on blood flow in the ovine
      endometrium and myometrium.
AB  - The effect of the prostaglandins (PG) D2, E2, F2 alpha and I2 (infusions of 250
      ng/min for 10 min into the uterine artery) and relaxin (1 microgram/min) on
      uterine contractions and on the myometrial and endometrial blood flow to the
      uterus of ovariectomized, estrogen-primed ewes was investigated. The 85Kr
      clearance method was used to measure blood flow. PGD2 and PGI2 increased both
      myometrial and endometrial capillary blood flow, whereas PGE2 and relaxin did
      not. PGF2 alpha reduced the myometrial blood flow only at a significance level of
      P less than 0.1 but induced no significant changes in the endometrial flow. PGE2,
      PGF2 alpha and, notably, PGD2 caused a uterine hypertonus. PGI2 and relaxin did
      not affect the uterine motility. There is a parallel effect of the investigated
      substances on the blood flow of myometrium and endometrium but PGD2 induces
      contractions of the smooth muscle cells in the myometrium while relaxing
      comparative cells in blood vessels.

PMID- 6372878
TI  - Evaluation of the site of synthesis of rabbit sperm acrosome stabilizing factor
      using immunocytochemical and metabolic labeling techniques.
AB  - Antibodies to rabbit acrosome stabilizing factor (ASF) were raised in mice and
      proved monospecific on Western electroblots . Anti-ASF was utilized to
      immunolabel tissue sections of male reproductive tract organs. Staining of
      principal cell cytoplasm was observed primarily in the corpus epididymidis
      (Regions 6 and 7), and secondarily in the cytoplasm of principal cells of the
      distal cauda epididymidis (Region 8b ) and the columnar cells of the vas deferens
      epithelium. The microvilli of principal cells in the proximal cauda epididymidis
      (Region 8a ) were densely stained. Spermatozoa appeared uniformly stained within
      the lumen of the corpus epididymidis and staining intensity increased distally.
      The Golgi region of corpus principal cells was not stained, nor were other cell
      types in this region. Testis, caput epididymidis, and accessory sex organs were
      not stained. Synthesis of ASF by corpus epididymidis was shown by
      immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled ASF from organ cultures of specific
      epididymal segments. Scant amounts of synthesis were also detected in the cauda
      epididymidis and vas deferens. The large subunit of ASF, immunoprecipitated from
      the corpus epididymidis, is 2000-4000 daltons larger than the large subunit of
      ASF from more distal regions of the reproductive tract, suggesting modification
      of this component.

PMID- 6372879
TI  - Intracellular localization of relaxin in membrane-bound granules in the pregnant
      rat luteal cell.
AB  - The cellular organelle responsible for the storage and subsequent release of
      relaxin from the pregnant rat luteal cell is presented in this article. Relaxin
      was localized in 100- to 200-nm diameter membrane-bound granules found in the
      corpus luteum of pregnant rat ovaries. Antiserum to porcine relaxin and goat anti
      rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG)-colloidal gold were used to label the hormone in
      luteal tissue from Days 17 and 20 of pregnancy. The gold particles were limited
      to the small granules with none found in mitochondria or larger (300-500 nm
      diameter) membrane-bound organelles resembling lysosomes. Gold particles were not
      deposited on the granules of control tissue in which the porcine relaxin
      antiserum was substituted with normal rabbit serum or porcine relaxin antiserum
      absorbed with purified porcine relaxin. Exocytosis involving the incorporation of
      the granule membrane into the cell membrane followed by release of product was
      only once observed. However, in all tissue sections studied, the membrane sac
      surrounding the granule was seen to attach to the cell membrane by a filamentous
      structure. Empty vesicles (100-200 nm diameter) which appear to have discharged
      the granular product were also noted around the cell periphery.

PMID- 6372880
TI  - Induction by gamma irradiation of double-strand breaks of Escherichia coli
      chromosomes and their role in cell lethality.
AB  - Viscoelastometric measurements of DNA from gamma-irradiated bacteria were used to
      identify the induction of double-strand breaks ( DSBs ) in the chromosome of
      Escherichia coli. It is shown by means of inhibitors of repair endonucleases and
      different repair mutants that most DSBs in DNA of E. coli, gamma-irradiated in
      buffer, arise from enzymatic incision of primary gamma-damages; therefore,
      previous conclusions regarding DSB repair must be reconsidered. Based on these
      results, much of the reparable damage is single-strand breaks, and this damage
      can initiate formation of gaps and ultimately, when repair is insufficient,
      generation of enzymatically caused DSBs . After extensive repair, the first
      residual DSB in the E. coli chromosome is generated at approximately 160 Gray
      (Gy), which corresponds to the D37 dose. We propose that DSBs induced directly by
      gamma-irradiation are not repaired in wild-type strains. In a recently isolated
      gamma-resistant strain, E. coli Gamr444 , the dose required for observation of
      DSB after postirradiation incubation is 1,000 Gy, which corresponds to the D37 of
      the strain. The resistance is proposed to be due to an ability to repair genuine
      DSBs .

PMID- 6372882
TI  - Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of insulin, insulin A-chain, insulin B
      chain, and glucagon.
AB  - Fast atom bombardment mass spectral data are presented for the polypeptides
      insulin, oxidized insulin A-chain, carboxymethylated insulin B-chain, and
      glucagon. The doubly-charged molecular ion of the intact insulin molecule
      produced with fast atom bombardment with xenon atoms is observed at a reduced
      accelerating voltage (4 kV).

PMID- 6372881
TI  - A new theoretical index of biochemical reactivity combining steric and
      electrostatic factors. An application to yeast tRNAPhe.
AB  - A new theoretical index of the chemical reactivity of sites within macromolecules
      is developed, which combines both steric and electrostatic factors. It is applied
      to the study of yeast tRNAPhe and the results obtained are compared with known
      experimental reactivities. A comparison indicates the superiority of the new
      index over the sole use of the surface accessibility.

PMID- 6372883
TI  - The thymic factor system.
AB  - Thymus is widely thought as playing the central role in the control of T-cell
      differentiation. A review of the literature suggests a more general role is
      displayed by the thymus, envisioned as a part of a hypothalamo-hypophyseal-thymic
      axis to control the production of hormones and transmitters which, in turn,
      regulate immune function. Products of macrophages and lymphocytes interfere with
      the hypothalamus to modify behavior and immune response, in the presence of a
      foreign body. Brain neocortex controls thymic and extrathymic factors involved in
      T-cell differentiation.

PMID- 6372884
TI  - Inhibition of granulocytic-macrophagic precursor cells (CFU-C) by heat-labile
      enterotoxin (LT) produced by Escherichia coli.
AB  - Enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli cause diarrhea by production of heat
      labile enterotoxin (LT) which acts through stimulation of membrane-bound
      adenylate-cyclase in epithelial cells. We studied in vitro production of LT by
      growing E. coli H 10407 in different synthetic media in comparison with Penassay
      broth. Non-toxigenic E. coli K12 was used as control. We obtained positive
      response in Y-1 cell assay for LT activity with all filtrates from E. coli H
      10407 cultures. These filtrates inhibit 3H-thymidine uptake by Ehrlich Ascites
      Carcinoma (EAC) cells and the proliferation of granulocytic-macrophagic
      precursors (CFU-C) in murine bone marrow. Filtrates did not stimulate CFU-C in
      absence of CSF. Heat-treated (121 degrees C for 30 minutes) and dialyzed
      (molecular cut 15,000 daltons) filtrates lost their cytotoxicity against Y-1
      cells maintaining the inhibitory activity on CFU-C proliferation. This phenomenon
      may be regarded as the result of a competitive mechanism between LT and CSF
      (Colony Stimulating Factor) on the receptor system of committed stem cells.

PMID- 6372885
TI  - Isolated rat hepatocytes as a tool for the determination of antibodies against
      human liver cell membrane.
AB  - Antibodies against liver cell membrane are measured by counting the percentages
      of fluorescent rat hepatocytes ( FRH ), obtained by an indirect
      immunofluorescence method after incubation of isolated rat hepatocytes with sera
      of patients with chronic liver diseases. A close relationship exists between the
      percentages of FRH and the serological and histological parameters of diseases
      activity, there was no difference between HBsAg-positive or -negative sera.

PMID- 6372886
TI  - In vitro culture of spleen hairy cells.
AB  - In vitro culture of hairy cells were successful in 5 patients with hairy cell
      leukemia: splenic cells were cultured in methyl cellulose plus PHA-leucocyte
      conditioned stimulation medium for 7 days. Plating efficiency was 0.5% with
      colony cells having morphological and cytochemical characteristics of hairy
      cells. A linear correlation between the number of cells plated and the number of
      colonies produced was found for cell concentrations varying from 5.10(4) to
      5.10(5).

PMID- 6372887
TI  - Measurement of anti-glomerular-basement-membrane antibodies by micro ELISA using
      insoluble antigens.
AB  - An enzyme immunoassay, using finely ground rabbit glomerular basement membrane
      (GBM) as an antigen, was able to detect sheep anti-rabbit GBM antibodies at serum
      dilutions of 1:32 000. The particulate GBM bound firmly to plastic micro ELISA
      plates without the aid of a linking agent, and the antigen-coated plates remained
      stable for several months when stored at -70 degrees C. There were no appreciable
      differences between amino acid compositions of ground and whole GBM, and no
      detectable loss of antigens occurred during the grinding procedure. Competitive
      inhibition assays with collagenase and pepsin digests of rabbit GBM demonstrated
      preservation of collagenous and non-collagenous antigens in the ground GBM. The
      assay should prove to be a relatively simple and highly sensitive technique for
      detecting antibodies to a wide spectrum of GBM antigens.

PMID- 6372888
TI  - [Induction of T-cells--producers of macrophage migration inhibitory factors by
      mutant H-2 antigens in vivo].
AB  - C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice were immunized once intravenously by irradiated (1500 rad)
      spleen cells of mutant strains B6.C-H (z1)Y (H- 2bm1 ) and BB. M505Y (H- 2bm3 ),
      by the cells of allogeneic strain B10.D2 (H-2d) (in positive control) and
      syngeneic strain C57BL/6 (in negative control). It was demonstrated that MIF
      producing T cells can react to mutant H-2 antigens and that this reaction is
      revealed on the 1st day after intravenous immunization in vivo. It is suggested
      that MIF-producing T cells can participate in the immunological surveillance of
      slight changes in the major histocompatibility complex antigens through
      mobilization of macrophage effector functions.

PMID- 6372889
TI  - [Acid hydrolase activity of the blood in immunodepression].
AB  - Immunosuppressants reduce the activity of acid RNase and acid phosphatase in the
      blood serum of mice and patients with kidney allografts. In reversible graft
      rejection crises, the activity of both enzymes ascends in the period preceding
      the crisis or at its height. However, following intensive immunosuppressive
      therapy it drops again. In irreversible crises, the activity of acid hydrolases
      goes on ascending in spite of immunosuppression intensification. The time course
      of the activity of these enzymes correlates with changes in "active" and "total"
      T-rosette-forming cells.

PMID- 6372890
TI  - [Plasmid complex of E. coli B-13].
AB  - The plasmid complex was identified in a wild type strain B-13 of Escherichia
      coli. The complex was found to contain four conjugative R-plasmids / pAP24 -1
      fi+, pAP24 -2 fi-, pAP24 -3 fi-, pAP24 -4 fi-/, one conjugative Col-plasmid /
      pAP24 -5/ and one conjugative F-like plasmid Ent/ pAP10 -2 fi+/. The molecular
      weight of pAP24 -1 is 53.6 X 10(6), pAP24 -2 - 40.9 X 10(6), pAP24 -3 - 73.8 X
      10(6), pAP24 -4 - 51,3 X 10(6). It is suggested that an autonomous transfer
      factor exists in the plasmid complex.

PMID- 6372891
TI  - [Structural and functional study of acidification in the process of
      phagocytosis].
AB  - Morphometry and cytofluorometry of the kinetics of phagocytosis were applied to
      study the quantitative mechanisms of acidification in the area of contact between
      the plasma membrane of macrophages and Candida albicans yeast cells conjugated
      with fluorescein isothiocyanate. It was found by stereological transformation of
      the morphometry data that the main part of macrophages phagocytose the limiting
      amount of particles by minute 5-10. A good agreement was established between the
      cytofluorometric histograms and the stereological data. This made it possible to
      evaluate, using the calibration curve, the pH on the surface of the phagocytosed
      material based on the fluorescence quenching. As an advantage of the suggested
      comprehensive approach to the study of acidification, the authors stress the
      possibility of making structural-functional analysis of the rearrangements
      occurring in the intact phagocytosing cell.

PMID- 6372892
TI  - [Lipid peroxidation in the blood in pneumonia].
AB  - In rabbits with pneumonia induced by introduction of a foreign body to the
      trachea, a correlation was found between the morphological features of pneumonia
      (the degree and spreading of alterative-exudative and proliferative processes)
      and lipid peroxidation in the blood (the concentration of diene conjugates in
      plasma lipids, catalase activity, the intensity of hydrogen-peroxide-stimulated
      chemiluminescence of plasma and erythrocytes).

PMID- 6372893
TI  - [Possible role of centrioles in stabilizing cytoplasmic microtubules].
AB  - Small fragments of the peripheral cytoplasm were obtained from cytochalasine B
      treated mouse embryo fibroblasts and studied for distribution of microtubules by
      indirect immunofluorescence. Microtubules were demonstrated to progressively
      depolymerize in these fragments which did not contain any tubules after 6 hours
      of incubation in the growth medium. This effect was specific for microtubules,
      since the distribution of intermediate filaments remained unchanged during
      incubation. The fragments remained viable during incubation, inasmuch no changes
      were detectable in the membrane potential of the mitochondria stained with
      rhodamine 123. Progressive destruction of microtubules in the tiny cell fragments
      is likely to be related to the lack of centrioles in such fragments.

PMID- 6372894
TI  - [Role of heparin in the realization of the hypoglycemic action of insulin].
AB  - The presence of reactive heparin in blood circulation is necessary for
      realization of the hypoglycemic action of insulin. This is confirmed by the fact
      that after heparin binding by protamin sulfate both endogenous and exogenous
      insulin do not exhibit any hypoglycemic activity. In animals with different basal
      concentration of heparin in the blood, the blockade of insulin action is attained
      by application of different doses of protamin sulfate, respectively. Based on the
      data obtained one can determine an approximate blood heparin concentration
      necessary for realization of the hypoglycemic action of insulin.

PMID- 6372895
TI  - Predictive factors for acute graft-versus-host disease in patients transplanted
      with HLA-identical bone marrow.
AB  - To identify predictive parameters for incidence and severity of acute graft
      versus-host disease (GVHD), 136 patients, transplanted with histocompatible
      marrow as therapy for aplastic anemia and hematologic malignancies, were examined
      using univariate and multivariate analyses. The risk of GVHD increased in
      patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (p less than 0.05), in sex-mismatched
      donor-recipient pairs (p less than 0.01), and in patients older than 23.7 yr (p
      less than 0.05). No other commonly observed factors appeared to have any
      relationship to GVHD except the presence of certain alleles. The presence of a
      Cw4 allele or of the Bw21 specificities B49 and B50 were associated with
      significantly increased risks of GVHD (p less than 0.05), whereas the presence of
      Aw19 (or the related specificities A29, Aw30, Aw31 , Aw32, Aw33 ) was associated
      with a significantly decreased risk (p less than 0.01). Using these factors, a
      regression equation can be constructed that estimates the risk of a given patient
      to develop clinically significant acute GVHD.

PMID- 6372896
TI  - T lymphocyte repopulation and differentiation after bone marrow transplantation.
      Early shifts in the ratio between T4+ and T8+ T lymphocytes correlate with the
      occurrence of acute graft-versus-host disease.
AB  - Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a major complication of allogeneic bone
      marrow transplantation (BMT), is probably mediated by T lymphocytes present in
      the marrow graft. In this study, the repopulation of the peripheral blood with
      T4+ and T8+ T cells was investigated during the period preceding the occurrence
      of acute GVHD. Twenty-four allogeneic and 11 autologous BMT recipients were
      monitored from day 4 post-BMT onward by the use of monoclonal antibodies,
      indirect immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry. The recipients of allogeneic
      transplants received methotrexate as GVHD prophylaxis. Similar recovery patterns
      for T4+ and T8+ T cells were found following autologous and allogeneic BMT.
      However, lymphoid repopulation occurred at a clearly faster rate after autologous
      BMT. T4+ T cells were the first to reappear in the peripheral blood, followed by
      T8+ T cells 4-7 days later. The T8+ T cell reconstitution occurred at an even
      faster rate in patients who were to develop grade II-IV GVHD, as compared with
      those with grade O-I GVHD, thus leading to an earlier decrease in the T4/T8
      ratio. Of 10 patients with a T4/T8 ratio less than 2.5 at day 19, 9 developed
      grade II-IV GVHD and 1 showed no GVHD. Of 14 patients with a ratio greater than
      2.5 at that time, only 2 developed grade II-IV and 12 grade O-I GVHD (p less than
      0.001). In the 11 patients developing grade II-IV GVHD, the T4/T8 ratio decreased
      to values less than 2.5 before the first clinical symptoms of GVHD in 9; it
      coincided in one and occurred later in another patient. Thus, early monitoring of
      the T4/T8 ratio can distinguish patients at risk of developing grade II-IV GVHD.

PMID- 6372897
TI  - Synthesis of coagulation factor V by cultured aortic endothelium.
AB  - Bovine aortic endothelium has been examined with respect to the synthesis of
      coagulation factor V. After cultured cells reached confluency, samples of
      supernatant culture media and solubilized cells were analyzed for factor V in a
      two-stage bioassay and in a double-antibody radioimmunoassay. In addition,
      preconfluent cells were pulsed for 4 days with 35S-methionine in methionine-free
      media. After the 4-day pulse, supernatant media were chromatographed on a factor
      V monoclonal antibody-Sepharose resin to isolate 35S-labeled factor V. The
      isolated material and 125I-factor V standards were analyzed by electrophoresis
      and autoradiography. The bioassay indicated an increase, with time, of
      unactivated factor V in the culture supernatant, whereas solubilized cells were
      negative for factor V. The radioimmunoassay indicated an increase, with time, of
      factor V antigen in the culture supernatants, and the solubilized cells yielded a
      constant level of antigen per cell. Autoradiograms of electrophoretograms of
      immunoadsorbed 35S-culture supernatant with 125I-factor V/Va standards revealed
      labeled proteins with electrophoretic mobilities compatible with 125I-factor V/Va
      standards. The data obtained from three different sources-bioassay,
      radioimmunoassay, and 35S-methionine incorporation-all indicate that factor V is
      synthesized by cultured bovine aortic endothelium.

PMID- 6372898
TI  - Heat as a probe of centrosomal function: a phase-contrast and immunofluorescent
      study of human blood monocytes.
AB  - In normal human blood monocytes, the nucleus is indented by the centrosome, which
      excludes the phase-dense granules that are spread throughout the cytoplasm.
      Within this paranuclear region, the paired centrioles are marked by
      immunofluorescent staining with an anti-centrosome antibody directed against the
      pericentriolar osmiophilic material that appears to serve as microtubule
      organizing centers (MTOCs). Congruent paired structures are seen in phase
      contrast. Following heat treatment (45 degrees C, 9 min), granules are retracted
      about a less indented nucleus, and anti-centrosome immunofluorescence is absent
      or very weak, even though paired centrosomal structures remain at least as phase
      dense as in controls. Immunofluorescent staining with antimicrotubule antibody is
      also essentially lost following heat treatment. These findings are consistent
      with a heat-induced lesion in the pericentriolar osmiophilic material, which may
      prove generally useful as a probe of centrosomal function.

PMID- 6372899
TI  - Determination of the probability of self-renewal in haemopoietic stem cells: a
      puzzle.
AB  - This paper calls attention to anomalous behaviour of the spleen colony forming
      cell system, when quantitative measurements of the self-renewal probability of
      the CFU-S are attempted.

PMID- 6372900
TI  - Decline of colony-forming units with serial bone marrow cell passages: intrinsic
      or extrinsic causation?
AB  - A series of experiments were conducted to approach the question of whether CFU-S
      decline in self-replicative potential and in life saving potential in the serial
      transplant recipient were the result of events intrinsic to the CFU-S lineage or
      were the direct result of incidental external events. Specifically, the
      possibilities of CFU-S death or loss of potential related to in vitro
      manipulation, related to failure of the most capable CFU-S to lodge in the bone
      marrow, related to failure of accessory cells to lodge or related to and
      coincident with increased CFU-S cycling were all examined. Only the last named
      factor was associated with CFU-S decline. The results were compatible with the
      generation age concept i.e., that the loss of CFU-S self replicative potential
      was due to a permanent shift of the most "primitive" CFU-S to a more
      differentiated and less self-replicative status when an extreme and prolonged
      demand for replenishment of the more differentiated CFU-S pools exists.

PMID- 6372901
TI  - Plasma levels of human granulocytic elastase alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complex
      (E-alpha 1-PI) in leukemia.
AB  - There is evidence that polymorphonuclear granulocytes release neutral proteinases
      such as elastase (E) and cathepsin G in the course of acute leukemia. These
      proteinases may inactivate clotting factors by unspecific degradation before they
      are eliminated via complex formation with endogenous inhibitors, e.g. the alpha 1
      proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI). In this study it was attempted to correlate
      plasma levels of the E-alpha 1-PI complex with factor XIII and antithrombin III
      in acute leukemia. Using a newly developed, sensitive enzyme-linked immunoassay
      the concentration of E-alpha 1-PI in patients with various types of leukemia,
      malignant lymphoma or multiple myeloma was determined. Only patients with acute
      myelocytic or promyelocytic leukemia (AML, APL) and chronic myelocytic leukemia
      with and without blastic transformation (CML) showed moderate to high levels of E
      alpha 1-PI (2- to 20-fold of normal). However, coagulation factor concentration
      observed in the different types of leukemia seemed to be independent of elastase
      liberation. Most of the AML-patients with elevated E-alpha 1-PI levels showed
      peroxidase positive blood cell smears.

PMID- 6372903
TI  - [Branches of the coronary arteries supplying the supraventricular crest].
AB  - The vascularization of the Crista Supraventricularis has not been investigated
      thoroughly by authors studying the morphology of the region. Among the scarce
      references which exist, great differences can be observed when evaluating the
      criteria on the source of arterial vascularization i.e. whether unicoronary or
      mixed. We therefore examined 54 human hearts which were submitted to corrosion
      and dissection and 46 hearts of various animal species. The vascularization
      patterns of the crista were determined and the intracrestal anastomoses
      described. We then proceeded to evaluate their role in cases of coronary
      occlusion.

PMID- 6372902
TI  - Detection of platelet-associated IgG in chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura
      using antibody-coated polyacrylamide beads.
AB  - Platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG) was detected by means of anti-human IgG coated
      polyacrylamide beads ("Immunobeads") technique in 32 patients with chronic ITP.
      Both a direct test (with in vivo sensitized platelets) and an indirect test (with
      in vitro loaded platelets) were carried out. The percent of rosette forming beads
      was both in the direct test (41.2%) and in the indirect test (32.6%)
      significantly higher in the cases of chronic ITP patients than in the controls
      (2.5% and 3.2%, respectively). These results confirm the diagnostic value of this
      new, relatively simple and rapid method in routine clinical practice.

PMID- 6372905
TI  - [Anthropological study of the dentition of the pre-Hispanic population of Grand
      Canary Island].

PMID- 6372904
TI  - Genetics of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Searching for their
      heterogeneity.

PMID- 6372906
TI  - [Evaluation of casting precision of different nickel-chromium alloys intended for
      the construction of partial dentures].

PMID- 6372907
TI  - [The bond conditions between composite resins and molar teeth with special
      reference to various lining materials].

PMID- 6372908
TI  - [The bond conditions of lining materials, with special reference to cavity liners
      for composite restorative resins].

PMID- 6372909
TI  - Aspects of the linguistic competence of deaf children.
AB  - In this paper the following three issues are considered in the light of recent
      research: Do severely/profoundly deaf children develop a grammar for English?
      Evidence is presented which suggests that they do and that this grammar displays
      a number of general characteristics some of which parallel the language of
      younger hearing children, others that do not. The limitations of this grammar
      will be discussed and hypotheses about the nature, origins and inevitability of
      such limitations explored. In what ways do the linguistic experiences of deaf
      children differ from that of hearing children? Some aspects of the deaf child's
      experience of language will be explored and their linguistic and psychological
      implications discussed. The relationships between current research findings on
      the linguistic development of the deaf and the possibility of improved
      educational methods will also be explored to consider the various different
      philosophies currently being debated in this field.

PMID- 6372910
TI  - Dedication to Jose M. Ferrer, M.D.

PMID- 6372911
TI  - Some means by which medical schools adapt to changing needs.

PMID- 6372912
TI  - How the microbiology laboratory can improve antimicrobial therapy.

PMID- 6372913
TI  - A perspective on new beta-lactam antibiotics in pediatric patients.

PMID- 6372914
TI  - Cephalosporins in adult meningitis.

PMID- 6372915
TI  - The nonprophylactic role of cephalosporins in surgery.

PMID- 6372916
TI  - Is it reasonable to use cephalosporins in respiratory and upper tract renal
      infections in hospitalized patients?

PMID- 6372917
TI  - The nonprophylactic role of cephalosporins in obstetrics and gynecology.

PMID- 6372919
TI  - [On the quality of enzyme preparation (IV). Seaprose S preparation].

PMID- 6372918
TI  - The role of the newer beta-lactam antibiotics in the treatment of infection in
      compromised hosts.

PMID- 6372920
TI  - [On the quality of enzyme preparation (V). Serratiopeptidase preparation].

PMID- 6372921
TI  - The visual system in myelin disorders. A bird's eye overview.

PMID- 6372922
TI  - Perivenous sheathing in multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 6372923
TI  - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

PMID- 6372924
TI  - Clinical effects of apomorphine in schizophrenia.
AB  - There have been reports that low doses of the dopamine-agonist apomorphine, which
      may inhibit dopamine neurotransmission, are of therapeutic benefit in
      schizophrenia. We conducted a placebo-controlled study of acute and chronic
      schizophrenics in which videotaped interviews were blindly rated. No specific
      therapeutic effect was demonstrated for apomorphine other than a reduction in
      anxiety in acute schizophrenics. Furthermore, there was no difference in the
      frequency of side-effects of apomorphine between schizophrenic patients and
      controls, and no specific effect of apomorphine on blink-rates. These findings
      emphasize the importance of placebo-controlled studies in schizophrenia research.

PMID- 6372926
TI  - Was insanity increasing? A response to Edward Hare.

PMID- 6372925
TI  - Cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in primary care.
AB  - Cognitive therapy for depression is a psychological treatment designed to train
      patients to identify and correct the negative depressive thinking which, it has
      been hypothesised, contributes to the maintenance of depression. General practice
      patients meeting Research Diagnostic Criteria for primary major depressive
      disorder were randomly allocated either to continue with the treatment they would
      normally receive (which in the majority of cases included antidepressant
      medication) or to receive, in addition, sessions of cognitive therapy. At
      completion of treatment, patients receiving cognitive therapy were significantly
      less depressed than the comparison group, both on blind ratings of symptom
      severity made by psychiatric assessors and on a self-report measure of severity
      of depression. At three-month follow-up cognitive therapy patients no longer
      differed from patients receiving treatment-as-usual, but this was mainly as a
      result of continuing improvement in the comparison group.

PMID- 6372927
TI  - Sulindac versus ibuprofen in sprains and strains.
AB  - In a double-blind parallel group randomised study 191 patients with acute sprains
      and strains of ankle, hip, shoulder or knees were treated with either 400 mg
      sulindac or 1200 mg ibuprofen per day for 4 days; of these, 176 completed the
      trial. Spontaneous pain (day and night), pain on active movement, swelling and
      tenderness were assessed before and after the treatment period along with a
      physician's and patient's assessment of therapy at the end of the study. The vast
      majority of patients had a successful outcome whichever treatment they were
      taking. No patients reported any adverse effect during the study.

PMID- 6372928
TI  - The LD50 for uniform low LET irradiation of man.
AB  - Previously published estimates of the whole-body radiation dose expected to kill
      50% of a normal human population, the LD50, have rarely been based explicitly on
      evidence. The difference which might result from medical treatment seems to have
      been markedly over-valued. The available and relevant evidence about severe
      haematopoietic damage in man uncomplicated by tissue necrosis is indeed very
      scanty. It comes from 20 cases of therapeutic whole-body exposure to gamma rays
      and from two criticality accidents involving nine subjects, one of whom died, and
      when exposure was to neutrons as well as gamma rays. The observations suggest a
      judgment that 4.5 Gy (450 rad) absorbed dose in the bone marrow for energetic and
      therefore penetrating gamma rays giving reasonably uniform irradiation of the
      marrow could be regarded as the LD50 in circumstances where those irradiated were
      protected from thermal radiation and blast damage and from neutrons and beta
      rays. Examination of all the available experimental data on acute lethality
      following whole-body exposure to low LET radiation shows a remarkably similar co
      efficient of variation of the LD50 in five species of large animal. If the same
      value is adopted for the human species, a quantitative estimate of the human LD50
      can be inferred from the human evidence discussed. This reinforces the judgement
      that it is about 4.5 Gy. The use of observations after criticality accidents is
      examined in detail in an Appendix. The Vinca accident does not clearly meet the
      criteria for relevancy but there is no other instance of death in man from an
      uncomplicated brief whole-body exposure to ionising radiation where the bone
      marrow dose can be estimated, and a possible judgment made of the value for the
      LD50.

PMID- 6372929
TI  - Effect of X-ray contrast media on the action of chymopapain on the intervertebral
      disc: an in vitro study of cartilage degradation.
AB  - A representative selection of X-ray contrast media was tested for their effects
      on the action of chymopapain on cartilage proteoglycan in an in-vitro test
      system. Inhibition of the action of chymopapain was detected only at high
      concentrations of contrast media, and was more marked with ionic contrast media
      than with non-ionic media. A dose-response curve for the release of
      glycosaminoglycan by chymopapain was linear when the amount of enzyme was plotted
      on a logarithmic scale against glycosaminoglycan release. In view of our results,
      we suggest that there is no need for a delay between injection of contrast medium
      and enzyme, contrary to the instructions of the distributors of chymopapain, if
      small amounts of a non-ionic contrast medium are used.

PMID- 6372930
TI  - The Medical Research Council trial of misonidazole in carcinoma of the uterine
      cervix. A report from the MRC Working Party on misonidazole for cancer of the
      cervix.
AB  - 153 patients from 13 centres were entered into a randomised controlled trial of
      the hypoxic cell sensitiser , misonidazole, in the radiotherapy of Stage III
      carcinoma of the uterine cervix. In an interim analysis at a time when follow-up
      periods extended from 9 to 45 months, no benefit in survival or local tumour
      control has been demonstrated. When disease-free survival of all cases was
      considered it was found that the younger patients did less well than the older
      patients and that the greater the immediate response to radiotherapy the longer
      was the duration of survival free of disease.

PMID- 6372931
TI  - Digital grey-scale fluorography: a new approach to digital radiographic imaging.

PMID- 6372932
TI  - Surgical treatment of the short bowel syndrome.

PMID- 6372933
TI  - The half blood knot for tying nylon in surgery.

PMID- 6372934
TI  - Acalculous biliary pain: diagnosis and selection for cholecystectomy using the
      cholecystokinin test for pain reproduction.
AB  - A prospective double blind placebo controlled study was conducted on 41 patients
      with a clinical diagnosis of acalculous biliary pain (ABP) and 10 healthy
      volunteers. Cholecystokinin (CCK) ( Kabivitrum , Uxbridge ) was given
      intravenously (1 Ivy Dog Unit/kg) over 5 min in a randomized crossover study
      using normal saline as a placebo infusion. All referred patients had undergone at
      least one normal oral cholecystogram, abdominal ultrasound and upper
      gastrointestinal endoscopy before infusions. Twenty-six patients developed pain
      in response to the CCK infusion and not the placebo, and the pain did not differ
      from their spontaneous pre-infusion pain as measured by the McGill Pain
      Questionnaire and a Visual Analogue Pain Scale. Fourteen patients developed no
      pain with either infusion, and one developed pain with both placebo and CCK. All
      patients whose pain was reproduced (CCK-positive) underwent cholecystectomy and
      peroperative cholangiography. Operative findings were normal in all of the CCK
      positive group except one in whom a small common bile duct stone was found.
      Histopathology of resected gallbladders was abnormal in 24 out of 26 cases, but
      all patients operated on remained pain-free at follow-up (mean 11 months, range 2
      24 months). Repeat CCK infusion postoperatively failed to bring on pain in any of
      the postoperative group. The CCK infusion test is a simple, cheap, bedside or out
      patient procedure which will identify true acalculous biliary pain which will
      respond well to cholecystectomy.

PMID- 6372936
TI  - The localization of an anti-tumour monoclonal antibody (791T/36) in
      gastrointestinal tumours.
AB  - Fifty-six patients with gastrointestinal cancers and four patients with benign
      colorectal tumours have been injected with radiolabelled anti-tumour monoclonal
      antibody ( 791T /36) to assess the degree of localization of the antibody by
      external scintiscanning and measurements on resected specimens. Twenty-nine
      patients with primary colorectal cancer showed increased uptake of the
      radiolabelled antibody in the resected tumours, with a tumour to normal tissue
      (T:NT) ratio of 2.5:1. All but two of fifteen patients with recurrent or
      metastatic tumour showed positive images of the deposits on external
      scintiscanning. Twelve patients with noncolonic gastrointestinal malignancy were
      studied and in only two patients were tumours demonstrated by external scanning.
      There were no positive images in four patients with benign colonic disease nor
      could increased uptake of radiolabelled antibody be demonstrated in the resected
      specimens. Immunohistology and autoradiography have shown that the antibody can
      be demonstrated in the pseudoacini and stroma of colon cancer. There are
      indications that this may represent localization to a cell surface antigen which
      becomes detached in the processing of the histological sections. It seems that in
      the gastrointestinal tract the monoclonal antibody 791T /36 is consistently taken
      up by colorectal cancer. Only a few noncolonic cancers and no benign colonic
      tumours take up the antibody. This antibody uptake may prove of value in the
      detection of occult metastases and in the targeting of antitumour agents.

PMID- 6372937
TI  - Insulin- and histamine-stimulated secretion in relation to recurrence of duodenal
      ulceration after vagotomy.
AB  - Gastric secretion after vagotomy for duodenal ulcer in response to a single
      injection of insulin and in response to a histamine infusion has been compared in
      25 patients with and 56 patients without recurrent duodenal ulceration proven by
      endoscopy. The lower 95 per cent tolerance limits of the pre-operative ranges of
      secretion to either insulin or histamine stimulation measured in 81 unoperated
      patients provided thresholds that separated postvagotomy patients with recurrent
      ulceration and those without. Neither the ratios, nor the regression line,
      between secretion in response to each secretagogue provided similar
      discrimination. In a group of 43 patients who had gastric secretion studies
      before and after vagotomy the reductions in secretion to below the established 95
      per cent tolerance limits of secretion were respectively 60 and 80 per cent of
      their pre-operative insulin- and histamine-stimulated secretion. The percentage
      reductions however failed to differentiate asymptomatic patients from patients
      with recurrent ulceration. It appears therefore that, irrespective of the pre
      operative level or of the magnitude of the reduction of secretion, a vagotomy to
      be adequate must achieve a reduction of secretion to below a threshold level.

PMID- 6372938
TI  - Lymph node imprint cytology for the rapid assessment of axillary node metastases
      in breast cancer.
AB  - Lymph node imprint cytology was performed on 86 nodes from 13 consecutive
      patients with breast cancer undergoing simple mastectomy with axillary node
      sampling, and a prospective comparison with paraffin section was made. The
      results showed a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 0.93 and 0.98
      respectively. The predictive value of a positive result was 0.98. This technique
      can be used to identify patients with Stage I disease rapidly, thereby allowing
      their exclusion from treatment with peri-operative chemotherapy.

PMID- 6372935
TI  - Pre-operative percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage: the results of a
      controlled trial.
AB  - The operative mortality for biliary tract obstruction due to malignancy is high.
      In 1981 a controlled clinical trial of pre-operative percutaneous drainage was
      started at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School. At the time of percutaneous
      transhepatic cholangiography patients were randomized either to laparotomy or to
      pre-operative percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage ( PTBD ) followed by
      laparotomy. Only patients with malignant biliary tract obstruction and serum
      bilirubin greater than 100 mumol/l were included. Seventy patients entered the
      trial, and five were withdrawn. Of the 65 remaining, 31 underwent laparotomy and
      34 had pre-operative PTBD followed by laparotomy. The median duration of drainage
      was 18 days and during this time the median bilirubin fell from 305 to 115
      mumol/l. Five patients required early surgery for complications of PTBD and two
      died within 30 days of surgery. The mortality for laparotomy was 19 per cent
      (6/31) compared with 32 per cent (11/34) for drainage plus laparotomy. This trial
      highlights the hazards of PTBD in high risk patients and has failed to
      demonstrate a reduction in mortality with the use of pre-operative PTBD .

PMID- 6372939
TI  - Induction of ovarian activity in anoestrous beagle bitches.

PMID- 6372940
TI  - The risks and problems associated with the importation of dogs, cats and other
      mammals. I. Rabies.

PMID- 6372941
TI  - Human brain contains vasopressin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide neuronal
      subpopulations in the suprachiasmatic region.
AB  - The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and retinohypothalamic tract ( RHT ) in the
      anterior hypothalamus have been postulated to play an important role in the
      timing of daily biological rhythms in mammals. Although physiological studies
      have described circadian rhythms in man, the presence of an RHT or SCN has not
      been conclusively demonstrated in the human brain. Immunocytochemical
      identification of distinct ventral vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)
      containing and dorsal vasopressin containing neuronal subpopulations in the human
      suprachiasmatic region provides correlative evidence of neuronal clusters which
      are homologous to discrete cell groups in the SCN of other mammalian species.
      Manipulation of the circadian system has been used to treat some affective
      illnesses and other physiological timing disorders. Characterization of the
      neural substrates underlying human circadian rhythms could be useful in the
      development of future treatment modalities and is essential for understanding
      normal human circadian organization.

PMID- 6372942
TI  - The distribution and projection of gamma-melanocyte stimulating hormone in the
      rat brain: an immunohistochemical analysis.
AB  - The distribution and projection of immunoreactive gamma-melanocyte-stimulating
      hormone (gamma-MSHI) in the rat brain was examined by indirect immunofluorescence
      using an antiserum against synthetic rat gamma-MSH. The present study confirmed
      the presence of gamma-MSHI neurons in the arcuate nucleus and further
      demonstrated that the n. commissuralis is a new gamma-MSHI neurons-containing
      site. We also found a gamma-MSHI fiber network in the hypothalamus, thalamus,
      amygdala, central gray matter of the midbrain and upper pons, and further
      demonstrated a much more extensive distribution of these fibers particularly in
      the medulla oblongata, an area previously thought not to contain gamma-MSHI
      structures. The present observation on the normal distribution of gamma-MSHI
      suggested the existence of two different systems: one is the arcuatofugal gamma
      MSH system and the other n. commissuralis gamma-MSH system. Using experimental
      manipulations, we clearly established that gamma-MSHI fibers in the forebrain,
      diencephalon, midbrain and upper pons originate from gamma-MSHI neurons in the
      arcuate nucleus and those in the medulla oblongata from the n. commissuralis .

PMID- 6372944
TI  - Corticotropin-releasing factor in the amacrine cells of the chicken retina.
AB  - The distribution of ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-like
      immunoreactivity (CRFI) in the chicken retina was investigated by means of
      immunohistochemistry. The observations from frozen sections show that CRFI is
      localized in the stratified amacrine cells of the fourth sublayer . Whole-mount
      preparations revealed that these amacrine cells are moderately concentrated in
      the inferior part of the retina.

PMID- 6372943
TI  - Immunocytochemical localizations of cytosolic and mitochondrial glutamic
      oxaloacetic transaminase isozymes in rat brain.
AB  - The localizations of cytosolic (s-) and mitochondrial (m-) glutamic oxaloacetic
      transaminase (GOT) were examined by immunocytochemical methods using specific
      antibodies. Staining of s-GOT-like immunoreactivity was seen in periglomerular
      cells of the olfactory bulb, and basket, stellate cells of the cerebellum, and
      second layer cells of the neocortex. On the other hand, m-GOT-like
      immunoreactivity was found in mitral cells and glomerular regions of the
      olfactory bulb and deep Golgi cells of the cerebellum. These different
      distributions of s- and m-GOT isozymes suggest that these isozymes are available
      as markers of glutamergic or aspartergic neurons.

PMID- 6372945
TI  - Mapping of LH-RH-containing projections to the mediobasal hypothalamus by
      differential deafferentation experiments.
AB  - Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) was immunoassayed in several
      hypothalamic structures of male rats after complete, anterior, posterior or
      lateral deafferentation of that structure performed with a rotating knife, as
      well as after discrete frontal or sagittal transections placed with a glass knife
      in various parts of the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH). Survival time in all cases
      was two weeks. Taken together, the results indicate that most fibers containing
      LH-RH and originating in the preoptic area of the hypo-thalamus (APO) take a
      lateral course upon leaving that structure and travel along the medial forebrain
      bundle (MFB). Along that tract, they proceed caudally over some distance and
      enter the median eminence from the side; fibers innervating the posterior median
      eminence bend back towards the midline at a more posterior level than those
      terminating in the zona externa. A limited amount of fibers also reaches the
      median eminence from a midsagittal location. In addition, a few medial arcuate
      median eminence connections may account for the small proportion of MBH LH-RH
      spared by complete, anterolateral or lateral transections. Projections to the
      organum vasculosum laminae terminalis, whether proceeding from the APO in an
      independent manner or as collaterals of fibers terminating in the median
      eminence, are unaffected by any of the transections tested. A partly common
      organization pattern of fibers supplying the median eminence in several
      neuropeptides (for instance somatostatin, CRF, cholecystokinin or dynorphin) is
      suggested.

PMID- 6372946
TI  - Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) cells and their projections in the
      forebrain of the bat Myotis lucifugus lucifugus.
AB  - Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) neurons and their projections were
      studied by immunocytochemistry in the brains of little brown bats (Myotis
      lucifugus lucifugus: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae ) as a first step in the study
      of relationships between these neurons and the seasonal reproductive events
      characteristic of this species. The majority of immunoreactive neurons in adult
      male, adult female, and fetal bats were ovoid bipolar cells with one thin and one
      thicker process, both of which gave rise to fine varicose fibers. LH-RH
      immunoreactive perikarya were concentrated in the region of the arcuate nuclei in
      all bats examined. Perikarya were also consistently found dispersed in the
      mammillary region, anterior hypothalamus, preoptic areas, septum, diagonal band
      of Broca, and olfactory tracts; they were occasionally observed in the dorsal
      hypothalamus, organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT), habenula,
      amygdala, and cingulate gyrus. LH-RH-immunoreactive fibers projected heavily to
      the median eminence, infundibular stalk, and posterior pituitary. In
      extrahypothalamic areas, these fibers were especially abundant in the stria
      medullaris/habenula and stria terminalis/amygdala, but also contributed to the
      diagonal band of Broca and the olfactory tracts. Immunoreactive fibers that may
      be components of many different pathways clustered in the rostral septum and
      permeated the medial hypothalamus. LH-RH-containing fibers frequently entered the
      subfornical organ, but were observed less often in the OVLT and only occasionally
      in the pineal. The organization of the LH-RH system in the little brown bat
      resembles that of primates, but differs considerably from that in the rat.
      Anatomical characteristics of the LH-RH system in bats thus suggest that this
      animal may be a particularly suitable species for further study of neuroendocrine
      control of reproductive function as it may relate to primates, including humans.

PMID- 6372947
TI  - Reverse cellular distribution of calmodulin to S-100 protein in primate brain.
AB  - Both calmodulin and S-100 protein are Ca2+-binding proteins of the EF-hand
      family. Immunocytochemical study revealed that calmodulin existed mainly in the
      neurons, whereas S-100 protein was localized primarily in the glial cells of the
      cerebral and cerebellar cortices of man and monkey. The observed reverse cellular
      distribution of calmodulin to S-100 protein in primate brain suggests that
      calmodulin might be replaced in its role as a Ca2+-binding protein by S-100
      protein in the glial cells.

PMID- 6372948
TI  - The neuronal types and the distribution of 5-hydroxytryptamine and enkephalin
      like immunoreactive fibers in the dorsal cochlear nucleus of the North American
      opossum.
AB  - The opossum dorsal cochlear nucleus is divided into four layers distinguishable
      either on the basis of differential distribution of neuron types or by neuropil
      organization. We have used Nissl, Golgi and protargol stained preparations to
      examine these components. Four types of neurons (excluding granule cells) are
      seen. The principal neurons have large cell bodies arranged in a sheet defining
      layer II, their apical dendrites extend dorsally to form an elaborate arbor in
      layer I and their basal dendrites pass ventrally into layer III. Round cells are
      found throughout layers I and II. Their densely packed dendritic domains feature
      thick spine encrusted dendrites that have many recurrent branches. Giant neurons
      have large perikarya scattered throughout layers III and IV and long thick
      dendrites that radiate throughout the nucleus. Small multipolar neurons (stellate
      cells) are found throughout the nucleus. The more superficial ones have small
      perikarya whereas those found in deeper layers tend to be large. All four layers
      of the nucleus may be clearly differentiated in protargol stained sections. Layer
      I has small, thin fibers in parallel array, layer II has a mixture of fibers with
      an apparent random orientation, layer III has large diameter vertically oriented
      fibers, and layer IV has fibers of similar diameter but deposed horizontally.
      Immunohistochemical techniques have been used to identify specific fiber systems
      in the neuropil of the dorsal cochlear nucleus. Fibers containing 5
      hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) immunoreactivity were prevalent in layers I, III and IV
      but sparse in layer II. Fibers containing enkephalin (ENK)-immunoreactivity were
      prevalent in layer I and II with only a few scattered fibers in the deeper
      layers. Isolated clusters of 5-HT and ENK immunoreactive fibers in layer II were
      found around principal neuron somata; similar clusters in the deep layers were
      located around the somata of giant neurons. The wide distribution of 5-HT
      immunoreactive fibers suggests they may be involved in a general regulation of
      activity in this nucleus; conversely the more circumscribed distribution of ENK
      immunoreactive fibers would suggest a restricted involvement of this fiber system
      with a specific feature of information processing.

PMID- 6372949
TI  - The fine structures of the VIP-like immunoreactive neurons in the cat
      hypothalamus.
AB  - The fine structures of the VIP-like immunoreactive neurons in the suprachiasmatic
      nucleus (SCN) and the arcuate nucleus ( ARN ) of the cat hypothalamus were
      investigated by electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. The VIP-like
      immunoreactive soma and fibers could be successfully visualized by a modified PAP
      method. VIP-like immunoreactive neurons in both nuclei contained immunoreactive
      rER, Golgi complexes and many immunoreactive granules, as well as well developed
      mitochondria. VIP-like immunoreactive synaptic endings with synaptic membrane
      specialization of Gray's type I and II were found in the SCN. Moreover VIP-like
      immunoreactive preterminal elements that made synaptic contact with VIP-like
      immunoreactive neuronal soma were also detected. On the other hand, it was
      difficult to detect typical preterminal endings with immunoreactivity in the ARN
      ; however, VIP-like immunoreactive processes in contact with the basement
      membrane of the capillaries were observed. These observations indicate that VIP
      like immunoreactive neurons in the SCN act as intrinsic neurons and are involved
      in neuroendocrine function in ARN .

PMID- 6372950
TI  - Whole head sectioning in [3H] deoxyglucose mapping of auditory responses in
      gerbils.
AB  - Stimulus-specific neuronal responses in the central auditory pathway of Psammomys
      obesus were studied with deoxyglucose autoradiography. Responses were revealed
      mainly in the inferior colliculus. With whole head sectioning and subsequent
      gentle freeze-drying, excellent structural preservation was achieved. With the
      use of double-tritiated deoxyglucose, Ultrofilm 3H and vacuum-contact exposure, a
      mean spatial resolution of 43 micron Full Width Half Maximum was achieved.

PMID- 6372952
TI  - [Bolted fixed-removable pontics].

PMID- 6372951
TI  - A system for graphic representation during stereotaxic procedures.
AB  - A method is presented wherein the attachment of linear potentiometers to the
      electrode carrier of a standard stereotaxic headholder permits the use of a
      reference voltage and an X-Y recorder to generate rapid, accurate graphic
      representations of various neural structures within the field of the electrode.
      The method is described in application to studies in rat and cat.

PMID- 6372953
TI  - [Advantages of the wax-up technique in the dimensional stability of prosthetic
      models].

PMID- 6372954
TI  - [Occlusion: functional equilibration. Part 2].

PMID- 6372955
TI  - [Use of preformed shells in fabrication of inlays/onlays in direct post and core
      technic].

PMID- 6372958
TI  - The blood bank: no overdrafts from here!

PMID- 6372956
TI  - Naloxone: new therapeutic roles.

PMID- 6372959
TI  - High frequency ventilation: current status.

PMID- 6372957
TI  - Neuromuscular blocking drugs in anaesthesia.

PMID- 6372961
TI  - Wisdom teeth--to extract or not to extract?

PMID- 6372960
TI  - Swimming pool hazard.

PMID- 6372962
TI  - Will the diets of the future be less cariogenic?

PMID- 6372963
TI  - Can microbiological knowledge be applied in dental practice for the treatment and
      prevention of dental caries.

PMID- 6372964
TI  - Mercury leakage during amalgam trituration.

PMID- 6372965
TI  - The hemi-monobloc.

PMID- 6372966
TI  - Glucagon inhibits phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis via the CDP-choline and
      transmethylation pathways in cultured rat hepatocytes.
AB  - The short-term influence of insulin and glucagon on phosphatidylcholine
      biosynthesis in monolayer cultures of rat hepatocytes was investigated. Under
      conditions in which insulin (100 nM) stimulated [3H]acetate incorporation into
      fatty acid almost twofold, synthesis of phosphatidylcholine via CDP-choline and
      from phosphatidylethanolamine were unaffected. By contrast, glucagon (100 nM),
      even in the presence of insulin (100 nM), reduced the rate of phosphatidylcholine
      formation from [Me-3H]phosphocholine by approximately 25% (p less than 0.05)
      within 1 h. Similarly, [3H]phosphatidylethanolamine incorporation into
      phosphatidylcholine was inhibited in cells exposed to glucagon. Insulin and
      glucagon had little or no effect on [Me-3H]choline uptake by the hepatocytes. No
      changes in the activities of the phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic enzymes in
      cytosol and microsomes from glucagon-treated cells could be detected.

PMID- 6372967
TI  - Development and evaluation of a computer assisted video module for teaching
      cancer chemotherapy to nurses.

PMID- 6372968
TI  - A statewide computer interactive videodisc learning system for Florida's CMS
      nurses.

PMID- 6372969
TI  - The susceptibility of bovine udder quarters colonized with Corynebacterium bovis
      to experimental infection with Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus agalactiae.
AB  - Twenty bovine udder quarters colonized with Corynebacterium bovis SR6 and 20
      uncolonized quarters were challenged by inoculation of Staphylococcus aureus
      Newbould 305 (ATCC 29740) into the teat cistern. The percentage of infection in
      quarters colonized with C. bovis (50%) was significantly lower than that in
      controls (100%). By similar challenge no significant difference was observed
      between the percentage of infection with Streptococcus agalactiae ATCC 27956 in
      33 quarters colonized with C. bovis (70%) compared to 33 controls (87.9%). A
      total of 37 quarters colonized with C. bovis and 37 control quarters were
      challenged with Staph. aureus Newbould 305 (ATCC 29740) and Maxi (ATCC 27543) and
      Strep. agalactiae (ATCC 27956) by exposure of the teat orifice. The percentage of
      teat ducts colonized with C. bovis which became infected with either pathogen was
      not different from that for controls.

PMID- 6372971
TI  - Serological cross-reactivity of porcine reference antisera to Mycoplasma
      hyopneumoniae, M. flocculare, M. hyorhinis and M. hyosynoviae indicated by the
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, complement fixation and indirect
      hemagglutination tests.
AB  - The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) indicated significant cross
      reactivity between the antigens of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae ( HyoP ) and M.
      flocculare (Floc), another porcine mycoplasma of wide distribution but uncertain
      pathogenic significance, when porcine antisera of each specificity were tested
      against HyoP antigen. The titers of the anti-Floc sera ranged from threefold to
      13-fold less than the titer of the anti- HyoP reference serum at different times
      after immunization. These values ranged from onefold less than to fourfold
      greater than the minimal positive titer of 80. The antisera to the other porcine
      mycoplasmal antigens [i.e. M. hyorhinis ( HyoR ) and M. hyosynoviae ( HyoS )]
      reacted less strongly to HyoP antigen but titers only slightly less than to
      slightly greater than the minimal positive titer were noted for some sera. Cross
      reactivity was also detected by the complement fixation test, although the titers
      for this test were generally lower than for the ELISA, presumably reflecting
      lower sensitivity of the complement fixation test. Positive indirect
      hemagglutination titers to HyoP antigen were also observed for both anti-Floc
      sera obtained at one or more times during the immune response. With two
      exceptions (one anti- HyoR serum with a complement fixation titer of 16 and one
      anti- HyoR serum with an indirect hemagglutination titer of 10), none of the anti
      HyoR or anti- HyoS sera had detectable indirect hemagglutination or complement
      fixation titers to HyoP antigen at any time after immunization. The levels of
      cross-reactivity detected by the complement fixation test and indirect
      hemagglutination and, especially, the ELISA would be of significance for the
      development of any practical sero-diagnostic test for mycoplasmal pneumonia of
      swine.

PMID- 6372970
TI  - Anticytotoxin activity of bovine sera and body fluids against Pasteurella
      haemolytica A1 cytotoxin.
AB  - Toxin neutralizing activity of bovine sera and body fluids against Pasteurella
      haemolytica type A1 cytotoxin was evaluated by 51Cr release assay using bovine
      peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes as the target cells. Sera collected from
      precolostral calves did not exert anticytotoxin activity at 10(-1) or higher
      dilutions, whereas randomly selected complement fixing antibody-negative sera
      neutralized on average over 90% of cytotoxin activity at the 10(-1) dilution and
      less than 50% of the toxin activity at 10(-2) or higher serum dilutions. Nasal
      secretions and lung washings of some of the cattle tested also contained
      cytotoxin neutralizing activity. The antibody nature of the cytotoxin
      neutralizing activity was demonstrated by its neutralization with bovine
      immunoglobulin G2 purified from pooled seropositive sera. Sera from a group of
      cattle which were vaccinated with a potassium thiocyanate extract of P.
      haemolytica, but which subsequently developed fibrinous pneumonia after aerosol
      challenge with bovine herpesvirus 1 and P. haemolytica, had significantly lower
      anticytotoxin activity than sera from another group of cattle which did not
      develop the disease after similar vaccination and challenge. Cattle which
      survived a natural outbreak of shipping fever had higher anticytotoxin activity
      than those having fibrinous pneumonia in the aforementioned experimental group,
      although there was no statistical difference between them and a randomly selected
      CF seronegative group. It is probable that this cytotoxin neutralizing antibody
      exerts a beneficial effect in protection of cattle against pneumonic
      pasteurellosis.

PMID- 6372972
TI  - Spontaneous mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis in Finn cross lambs from
      Alberta.
AB  - A spontaneous mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis occurred in three, one to
      three month old Finnish Landrace cross lambs from a flock in northern Alberta.
      The ram was a purebred Finn sheep, and the ewes were Finn-Rambouillet and Finn
      Suffolk-Rambouillet crosses. The lambs were found dead without previous clinical
      signs. Histologically there was marked thickening of glomerular capillary
      basement membranes, proliferation of mesangial cells, and peri-glomerular
      fibrosis. An interstitial infiltration of plasma cells and lymphocytes was
      present with occasional tubular degeneration and proteinaceous cast formation.
      Focal leukoencephalomalacia was present in one lamb. Electron microscopy
      demonstrated deposition of electron-dense deposits in a subendothelial location
      with occasional fusion of overlying foot processes in glomerular capillaries.
      Indirect immunofluorescence studies demonstrated positive staining material in
      glomerular capillary walls. These findings in Finnish Landrace cross lambs are
      characteristic of mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, a condition heretofore
      not reported in North America.

PMID- 6372973
TI  - Goat serums for fluorescent antibody conjugates to chlamydial antigens.
AB  - Serums from goats hyperimmunized with Chlamydia psittaci consistently produce
      antichlamydial fluorescent antibody conjugate of high titer. The titer of the
      fluorescent antibody conjugate prepared from a given serum correlated well with
      the titer obtained by agar gel precipitin, but not with the complement fixation.
      The agar gel precipitin test can be used to predict whether a given serum is
      satisfactory for use in production of a conjugate for direct fluorescent antibody
      tests. Serums with an agar gel precipitin titer of 1/8 or higher generally
      produce a usable fluorescent antibody conjugate. Labeling gamma globulins with
      fluorescein isothiocyanate at a ratio of 1/150 resulted in satisfactory
      fluorescent antibody conjugates. Cultures of Vero cells infected with chlamydiae
      were found to be suitable for titration of the fluorescent antibody conjugates.

PMID- 6372974
TI  - Osmoregulation in Klebsiella pneumoniae: enhancement of anaerobic growth and
      nitrogen fixation under stress by proline betaine, gamma-butyrobetaine, and other
      related compounds.
AB  - Exogenous proline betaine ( stachydrine or N- dimethylproline ) or gamma
      butyrobetaine (gamma-trimethylaminobutyrate), at a concentration as low as 1 mM,
      were found to stimulate the growth rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae, wild type M5A1
      , in media of inhibitory osmotic strength (0.8 M NaC1). Simultaneously, nitrogen
      fixation by whole cells, a process particularly sensitive to osmotic stress, was
      strongly enhanced by these compounds. However, in the absence of sodium chloride,
      both the growth and nitrogen fixation were not affected by the addition of the
      methylammonium derivatives in the medium. The sensitivity of the nitrogen
      fixation to osmotic stress was used as a bioassay to evaluate the potentiality of
      osmoprotective compound in relation to the number of methyl groups on the
      nitrogen atom of glycine, proline, and gamma-aminobutyrate. Experiments with
      sarcosine ( monomethylglycine ), dimethylglycine, and glycine betaine (
      trimethylglycine ), or experiments with mono- and di- methylproline or gamma-mono
      , gamma-di, gamma-tri- methylaminobutyrate , indicated that the greatest stress
      tolerance was always obtained with the more N-methylated compounds.

PMID- 6372975
TI  - Viable but nonrecoverable stage of Salmonella enteritidis in aquatic systems.
AB  - An environmental isolate (13- 1BB ) of Salmonella enteritidis serogroup C1 was
      inoculated into sterile Potomac River water microcosms to observe survival and
      culturability of the organism by employing acridine orange direct count,
      fluorescent antibody direct count, direct viable count, plate count on veal
      infusion agar and xylose lysine decarboxylase agar, and indirect enumeration by
      the most-probable-number method (MPN), using media selective for Salmonella. Loss
      of culturability on laboratory media was observed within 48 h. However, cultures
      could be "resuscitated" and cultured on solid media, following addition of
      nutrients to the microcosms . Cells, resuscitated 4 days after apparent "die-off"
      (0 colony-forming units (cfu)/mL) using plate count techniques, yielded numbers
      of cfu in the same order of magnitude as had been observed before the onset of
      nutrient limitation. Microscopic techniques for direct viable counting indicated
      that viability is maintained for as long as 60 days after depletion of nutrients,
      although attempts to culture these cells, by addition of nutrient, after 21 days
      yielded apparently sterile plates. Thus, longer periods of "dormancy" appear to
      require conditions other than simple nutrient addition for resumption of cell
      growth and division.

PMID- 6372977
TI  - The lithotomy-Trendelenburg position for restorative resection by stapling and
      abdominoperineal excision of the rectum.
AB  - The introduction of stapling for anterior resection of the rectum has made the
      use of the lithotomy-Trendelenburg position almost mandatory in the surgical
      treatment of cancer of the rectum. Use of this position allows the surgeon to
      choose, after initial dissection, which of the two principal procedures
      (abdominoperineal excision or restorative resection) to perform, regardless of
      the procedure originally planned. This can be done without altering or modifying
      the chosen procedure in any way. The authors describe the proper placement of all
      special equipment used and the sequence of steps for correct positioning and
      draping of the patient.

PMID- 6372976
TI  - Protein synthesis in germinating Saccharomyces cerevisiae ascospores.
AB  - The uptake and incorporation of macromolecular precursors in germinating
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae ascospores were investigated. Addition of cycloheximide
      at various times during germination revealed that protein synthesis can occur
      within 20 min after the spores are shifted to glucose-containing media. The time
      of initiation of uptake and incorporation of several amino acids differed; this
      can be attributed to differing amino acid pool levels in the spores, as well as
      differing transport activities. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of proteins
      labeled with [35S]methionine for various 20-min periods after germination began
      showed at least one protein whose synthesis begins well after the bulk of the
      proteins.

PMID- 6372978
TI  - Recurrent or residual shunt following repair of acute postinfarctional
      ventricular septal defect.
AB  - Recurrent or residual ventricular septal defect following operative repair of
      postmyocardial infarction ventricular septal defect has been reported in many
      series. Most commonly, this is noted incidentally on postoperative cardiac
      catheterization or as a murmur in relatively asymptomatic patients in whom no
      further operation is required. Less frequently, its onset is a catastrophic event
      leading to the patient's death. On the other hand, the shunt may be sufficiently
      small to allow time for reoperation. With recent improvement in surgical
      techniques, more patients with this complication of myocardial infarction have
      been saved. Recurrent or residual ventricular septal defects have become less
      frequent, decreasing from a rate of 46% before 1970 to an overall 15% today. Few
      details have been published about recurrence or persistence of ventricular septal
      defect following operative repair. The authors report on a patient with a
      persistent ventricular septal defect following operation and necessitating
      reoperation. They describe the operative repair and review of the literature on
      this condition since 1973.

PMID- 6372979
TI  - Robert Gardiner Hill and the non-restraint movement.
AB  - An account is given of the professional life of Robert Gardiner Hill before and
      after the publication in 1839 of his lecture on the Total Abolition of Restraint
      in the Treatment of the Insane. The lecture is summarized and an attempt is made
      to evaluate his work which has been overshadowed by that of John Connolly . This
      paper was researched before the author came to North America. A library request
      to check that no recent work had appeared on the history of the restraint
      controversy produced two papers published in 1978. One roundly advocates
      restraint (1) the other acknowledges its widespread practice in Canada (2).

PMID- 6372981
TI  - Prospective randomized reappraisal of 5-fluorouracil in metastatic colorectal
      carcinoma. A comparative trial with 6-thioguanine.
AB  - In order to redefine the effectiveness of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as palliative
      therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma, and to compare the
      effectiveness of 6-thioguanine (6-TG) with that of 5-FU, we studied 176 patients
      with metastatic colorectal carcinoma in a randomized prospective trial (SEG
      79G1268 ). The pretreatment performance status of all patients was greater than
      50% (ambulatory), and there was an equal distribution of patients with favorable
      pretreatment characteristics into each of the treatment regimens. Complete
      responses were only seen to 5-FU, but were obtained in only 3% of instances. The
      overall complete plus partial response rates were not different for 5-FU (8%)
      versus 6-TG (3%), or for patients who had shown prior progression on chemotherapy
      and who then received 6-TG in a nonrandomized fashion (7%). The time to tumor
      progression on each of the treatment programs was similar, 1.0 months. Survival
      was also similar in each regimen in the randomized study (6.3 months for 5-FU
      versus 7.9 months for 6-TG). However, survival was only 4.8 months for patients
      with previously drug-resistant tumors treated with 6-TG in the nonrandomized arm.
      In 16 patients failing 6-TG who then received 5-FU, there were no objective
      responses. Similarly, in patients failing 5-FU on this study who then received 6
      TG, there were no responses in nine patients. Dose-limiting toxicity was observed
      in 40% to 51% of patients, and consisted of myelosuppression, vomiting, or
      diarrhea. It is concluded that 5-FU is a minimally effective agent in a very
      small number of patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma. The drug 6-TG is
      equally ineffective in this setting. Alternative treatment programs to the
      systemic use of 5-FU should be considered in patients requiring palliative
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 6372980
TI  - Limb salvage for skeletal and soft tissue sarcomas. Multidisciplinary
      preoperative therapy.
AB  - One hundred eighty-three patients with malignant skeletal (83) or soft tissue
      sarcoma (100) were entered into the multimodality preoperative limb salvage
      protocol. Local recurrences were observed in 5 of 183 (2.7%). Six patients
      required amputation because of complications, and 13 patients died within 1 year
      from metastatic disease. There was no statistical difference in survival rates
      between a series of patients who had amputation and adjuvant therapy and patients
      treated by limb salvage and adjuvant therapy. Overall survival rates for patients
      with soft tissue sarcoma were 76%. Although the exact reason for the improved
      local control is not known, it is our belief that it is the result of the
      multidisciplinary therapy that destroys microscopic disease at the periphery of
      the primary tumor.

PMID- 6372982
TI  - Late recurrences of histiocytic lymphoma after treatment.
AB  - Disease-free intervals of 2 to 3 years after treatment of histiocytic lymphoma
      are generally thought to represent cures; flat survival curves beyond 3 years in
      several studies support this notion. Four case reports of histiocytic lymphoma
      recurrences 25, 10, 9 and 6 years, respectively, after the initial diagnosis are
      presented. Histologic confirmation comparing primary and recurrent disease is
      presented. The potential biological significance of such patient reports is
      discussed.

PMID- 6372983
TI  - Pancreatic polypeptide-producing tumors. Report on two cases.
AB  - Histochemical, chemical and clinical features of two malignant endocrine
      pancreatic tumors were studied. Both tumors contained pancreatic polypeptide (PP)
      immunoreactivity in the majority of tumor cells. In addition, one tumor contained
      a few scattered serotonin-fluorescent cells and the other scattered gastrin
      immunoreactive cells. Pancreatic polypeptide hypersecretion was established from
      both tumors. Serotonin was produced by one tumor and gastrin was secreted by the
      other. No PP-associated endocrine symptoms were present, whereas the
      hypergastrinemia may have caused a bleeding duodenal ulcer in one patient.
      Although both tumors were highly malignant the clinical courses in the two
      patients were very different; one patient died within a few months whereas the
      other is alive 2 years after the diagnosis.

PMID- 6372984
TI  - Treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. An analysis of response criteria in
      patients with measurable soft tissue disease.
AB  - Evaluation of response to systemic therapy in metastatic prostate cancer is often
      difficult because of the infrequency of nonbony indicator lesions. The authors
      previously described a set of response criteria for Phase II and III studies
      which can be applied in patients with only bony disease. They have
      retrospectively evaluated response to Adriamycin (doxorubicin) and (5
      fluorouracil) 5-FU in 38 patients with measurable soft tissue and visceral
      disease, using their response criteria for acid phosphatase and clinical status
      and standard definitions of response. No correlation was attempted for bone
      disease. Agreement between the results obtained with each system was good. Using
      this system of evaluating response, patients with metastatic prostate cancer with
      bone-dominant disease are eligible for Phase II and III studies.

PMID- 6372985
TI  - Intramucosal carcinoma of the small intestine arising in regional enteritis
      (Crohn's disease). Report of a case studied for carcinoembryonic antigen and
      review of the literature.
AB  - A case of carcinoma of the small intestine arising in a patient with regional
      enteritis (Crohn's disease) of the ileum is reported. The patient, a 54-year-old
      woman, had a 21-year history of regional enteritis which was treated
      intermittently with sulfasalazine and prednisone. Segmental resections of the
      ileum had been performed on two previous occasions. Because of recurrent low
      grade intestinal obstruction, another segment of ileum was resected. The bowel
      demonstrated the typical gross and histologic appearance of regional enteritis.
      Histologic examination also disclosed a carcinoma that was confined to the ileal
      mucosa. This case is the first reported in which a small bowel carcinoma arising
      in regional enteritis has been found only in the mucosa. Adjacent to the
      carcinoma, the mucosa showed varying degrees of dysplasia consistent with the
      "precancerous" changes that have been described in inflammatory bowel disease.
      Using a peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunoperoxidase technique, carcinoembryonic
      antigen was identified in normal, hyperplastic, dysplastic, and carcinomatous
      mucosa, but the most intense staining was seen in hyperplastic and dysplastic
      cells. Carcinoembryonic staining, however, did not aid in differentiating between
      hyperplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma because of an overlap in staining frequency
      and intensity.

PMID- 6372986
TI  - The use of scalp hypothermia in the prevention of doxorubicin-induced hair loss.
AB  - A randomized clinical trial was performed to determine the effectiveness of scalp
      hypothermia in the prevention of hair loss associated with doxorubicin. Twenty
      six patients were randomized to receive scalp hypothermia or chemotherapy alone.
      Data were analyzed on 25 patients: 12 in the treatment group and 13 in the
      control group. There was acceptable hair preservation in 75% of the patients who
      received the scalp hypothermia; only 8% of the patients in the control group had
      acceptable hair preservation (P = 0.0009). The data were further broken down into
      patients receiving low-dose doxorubicin and high-dose doxorubicin. Side effects
      were minimal. The results support the use of scalp hypothermia in reducing
      doxorubicin-induced alopecia.

PMID- 6372987
TI  - Serotonin-secreting and insulin-secreting ileal carcinoid tumor and the use of in
      vitro culture of tumoral cells.
AB  - The authors report the case of a patient with a typical carcinoid syndrome and a
      severe hypoglycemia due to hyperinsulinism. He was found to have an ileal
      carcinoid tumor with hepatic metastasis and no evidence of pancreatic insulinoma
      at surgery and autopsy. By assaying serotonin and insulin in the tumor and in the
      supernatants of the culture derived from hepatic metastasis, the authors have
      been able to show that both hormones were produced by the carcinoid tissue.
      Cultured cells also synthesized minute amounts of gastrin and thyrocalcitonin.

PMID- 6372988
TI  - Results of a prospective randomized trial of early splenectomy in chronic myeloid
      leukemia. The Italian Cooperative Study Group on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.
AB  - The role of early splenectomy in the management of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
      was investigated in a multicentric study with 21 contributing Hospitals. One
      hundred eighty-nine patients younger than 66 years of age and previously
      untreated, were first seen between November 1974 and May 1977, were randomized to
      splenectomy or to nonsplenectomy , were given the same chemotherapy (busulfan,
      and courses of arabinosyl cytosine, 6-thioguanine, and daunomycin), and were
      followed up for more than 5 years. Median survival was 45 months. No relationship
      of splenectomy to survival length could be shown either in the whole series, or
      in several subgroups that were selected according to presentation features and
      stage classification. Thromboembolic and vascular accidents were more frequent in
      the splenectomy group, and this was associated with more difficult control of
      platelet count. Early splenectomy is not recommended for treatment of CML.

PMID- 6372989
TI  - Tiny miracle.

PMID- 6372990
TI  - Prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia: a review of the literature.

PMID- 6372991
TI  - Tumor heterogeneity.

PMID- 6372992
TI  - Mutagenicity of the enantiomers of the diastereomeric bay-region
      benzo(c)phenanthrene 3,4-diol-1,2-epoxides in bacterial and mammalian cells.
AB  - The mutagenic activities of the enantiomers of the pair of diastereomeric bay
      region benzo(c)phenanthrene 3,4-diol-1,2-epoxides were evaluated in histidine
      dependent strains of Salmonella typhimurium and in an 8-azaguanine-sensitive
      Chinese hamster cell line. In strains TA 98 and TA 100 of S. typhimurium, the
      range in mutagenic activity observed for the four optically active isomers was
      less than 4- and 2-fold, respectively. The diol-epoxide with (1S,2R,3R,4S)
      absolute configuration and the benzylic hydroxyl group trans to the epoxide
      oxygen [(+)-diol epoxide-2] was the most active isomer in both strains. The
      enantiomeric (-)-diol-epoxide-2 isomer, with (1R,2S,3S,4R) absolute configuration
      identical to that of the exceptionally tumorigenic (+)-diol-epoxide-2 isomers of
      benzo(a)pyrene, benz(a)anthracene, and chrysene, was the least active isomer in
      strain TA 98 (27%) and the second most active isomer in strain TA 100 (90%). In
      Chinese hamster V79 cells (-)-diol-epoxide-2 was the most active of the four
      benzo(c)phenanthrene isomers, and a 4- to 5-fold range in mutagenic activity was
      observed. The differences in mutagenic activity between the four bay-region diol
      epoxide isomers of benzo(c)phenanthrene in the three test systems are relatively
      small when compared with results from similar studies with optically active bay
      region diol-epoxide isomers of three other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and
      may be explicable, in part, by a tendency of the hydroxyl groups of
      benzo(c)phenanthrene diol-epoxides to adopt comparable pseudodiequatorial
      conformations.

PMID- 6372993
TI  - Inhibited growth of a reticulum cell sarcoma (M5076) induced in vitro and in vivo
      by macrophage-activating agents.
AB  - The tumor M5076 is highly malignant in vivo; however, in vitro M5076 tumor cells
      express many of the differentiated characteristics of an activated macrophage.
      Recently, we reported that this macrophage tumor (M5076) can be induced to cease
      cellular division following in vitro exposure to macrophage-activating agents,
      which we felt was due to the induction of terminal differentiation. In the
      present study, we report that not all macrophage-activating agents halt the
      proliferation of M5076 tumor cells in vitro, and we present evidence that the
      treatment of mice bearing M5076 tumor cells with lipopolysaccharide is a highly
      effective therapeutic modality. Therapy protocols using multiple injections of
      lipopolysaccharide are capable of prolonging the survival and reducing the
      metastatic tumor burden of mice with a large tumor burden at the onset of
      therapy. This indicates that caution should be exercised in the use of M5076
      tumors as a test model for chemotherapeutic agents, since the slightest
      contamination of an experimental drug with lipopolysaccharide would result in
      spurious positive results.

PMID- 6372994
TI  - Comparison of growth of human bladder cancer in tissue culture or as xenografts
      with clinical and pathological characteristics.
AB  - Seventy-four biopsies of human bladder carcinoma were assessed by implantation as
      xenografts in immune-deprived mice and/or by culture of cell suspensions in agar
      or methylcellulose. The quality of the cell suspensions was assessed immediately
      after plating in vitro. The results were compared with the pathological stage and
      grade of the biopsies and with the clinical course of the disease in patients
      from whom the biopsies were obtained. We found that (a) progressively growing
      xenografts were generated from 20 of 53 biopsies (38%). These xenografts grew
      with mean volume doubling times in the range of 1 to 3 weeks; all of them
      examined histologically were consistent with transitional cell carcinoma. (b)
      Colony formation occurred from 21 of 49 cell suspensions (43%), and plating
      efficiency was in the range of 0.0004 to 1.7%. The majority of cell suspensions
      were found to have residual small clusters of cells. Colony formation sometimes
      originated from these clusters, an effect that would be expected to introduce
      artifacts when the in vivo cloning assay is used for chemosensitivity testing.
      (c) There was no evident correlation between expression of clonal growth in vitro
      and success of xenografting, and no correlation between the results of either of
      these experimental procedures with stage, grade, or clinical course of the
      disease. Further improvements in tissue culture and xenograft technology will be
      required before these methods can be used as a guide to patient management.

PMID- 6372995
TI  - Response of hepatocytes transplanted into syngeneic hosts and heterotransplanted
      into athymic nude mice to peroxisome proliferators.
AB  - The development of a transplantation system by which rat hepatocytes can be
      implanted and remain viable in the dorsal fascia of two-thirds hepatectomized
      syngeneic hosts provides an opportunity to examine whether such transplanted
      hepatocytes retain the capacity to recognize and respond to the peroxisome
      proliferators 2-[4-(2,2- dichlorocyclopropyl )phenoxy]-2- methylpropionic acid
      (ciprofibrate), a hypolipidemic drug, and di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), an
      industrial plasticizer. Male F344 rats with transplanted rat hepatocytes were fed
      a control diet or a diet containing either 0.05% ciprofibrate (w/w) or 2% DEHP
      (v/w). After 4 weeks, the animals were sacrificed, and transplanted hepatocytes
      revealed a significant increase in the numerical density of peroxisomes in both
      ciprofibrate- and DEHP-fed rats. The volume density of peroxisomes in
      transplanted hepatocytes increased 9.2- and 5.3-fold, respectively, in
      ciprofibrate- and DEHP-fed rats, whereas the volume density of mitochondria
      remained essentially unchanged. The magnitude of increase in peroxisome volume
      density in transplanted hepatocytes was comparable to increases in the volume
      density of these organelles in the liver parenchymal cells of syngeneic hosts.
      The present study also demonstrates that hepatocytes isolated from cat liver and
      heterotransplanted into partially hepatectomized athymic nude mice retain their
      biological integrity and respond to the peroxisome proliferative effect of
      ciprofibrate. This observation suggests the possibility that hepatocytes obtained
      from small segments of liver of humans, primates, and other species and
      heterotransplanted into nude mice might provide a valuable model system for
      toxicological evaluation of chemicals. These studies suggest that hepatocytes,
      irrespective of their location in the body, recognize the peroxisome proliferator
      or its active metabolite(s), which stimulates the expression of peroxisome
      specific genes in these cells.

PMID- 6372996
TI  - Monoclonal antibody MCS-2 as the marker of phorbol diester-induced myeloid
      differentiation in acute undifferentiated leukemia.
AB  - Leukemic cells from 32 cases of acute leukemia were cultured in vitro with the
      tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) to study their
      differentiative potential. Three cases of acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL)
      were studied intensively. We found that culturing of leukemic cells with TPA can
      induce changes in cell surface antigens. In particular, MCS-2, a "pan"
      granulocyte/monocyte marker, was inducible in vitro in AUL and in acute
      myelogenous leukemia, while it was not inducible in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
      BA-2 (recognizing the Mr 24,000 protein) and TA-1 (recognizing the Mr 170,000 and
      Mr 95,000 proteins) were also inducible in cases of AUL, acute myelocytic
      leukemia, and acute monoblastic leukemia, although these antigens are not limited
      only to leukemias of the myelomonocytic lineage. Our studies also indicate that
      undifferentiated cells could be induced to nonspecific esterase and sometimes to
      chloroacetate esterase reactivity while losing terminal deoxynucleotidyl
      transferase. Morphological studies in these cases revealed cytological maturation
      following TPA treatment. In most cases, these changes were also partially
      inducible by culturing cells in medium alone or with the addition of dimethyl
      sulfoxide but not to the extent that was demonstrated by TPA. Our studies showed
      that MCS-2 is a very good, specific marker of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. A
      potential use for TPA to aid in the subclassification of patients with AUL is
      also suggested.

PMID- 6372997
TI  - Molecular requirements for the mutagenicity of malondialdehyde and related
      acroleins.
AB  - Malondialdehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation and prostaglandin biosynthesis,
      is mutagenic in Salmonella. To determine the molecular requirements for its
      mutagenicity, we tested a series of beta-substituted acroleins in Salmonella
      typhimurium hisD3052 . Mutagenicity is dependent on the steric bulk of the
      substituent (revertants/mumol) at the beta position: beta- methoxyacrolein , 220;
      beta- ethoxyacrolein , 110; and beta- isobutoxyacrolein , 40. A good leaving
      group at the beta position substantially increases the mutagenic activity
      (revertants/mumol): beta-(p-nitrophenoxy)acrolein, 620; beta- benzoyloxyacrolein
      , 320; beta- chloroacrolein , 890; and di-gamma- oxopropenyl ether, 870. These
      data suggest that nucleophilic attack on the beta-carbon followed by elimination
      of the beta substituent is important for mutagenicity. Substitution of a methyl
      group at the alpha-carbon abolishes mutagenicity of these compounds. This effect
      can be explained by the lack of chemical reactivity of the alpha-methyl analogues
      toward oxygen or nitrogen nucleophiles. Propynal , which can add nucleophiles to
      generate a substituted acrolein, exhibits the highest mutagenicity (1370
      revertants/mumol) in this series. The importance of the aldehyde functionality is
      suggested by the nonmutagenicity of propiolonitrile , ethyl propiolate , 4
      benzoyloxy-3- buten -2-one, and 4-methoxy-3- buten -2-one. Aldehyde addition
      subsequent to the formation of the Michael adduct is, therefore, important for
      mutagenesis. An investigation of the toxicity of the present series indicates
      that toxicity and mutagenicity are independent events based on different chemical
      reactions.

PMID- 6372998
TI  - Non-alcohol dehydrogenase-mediated metabolism of methylazoxymethanol in the deer
      mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus.
AB  - The concept that alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is involved in the metabolism of
      methylazoxymethanol (MAM) was examined in a model consisting of two strains of
      the deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, one of which has a normal complement of
      the enzyme [ADH(+)], and the other, which completely lacks it [ADH(-)]. Both the
      ADH(+) and the ADH(-) strains rapidly metabolized [14C]MAM, administered in the
      form of the acetic acid ester, [14C] MAMOAc , to 14CO2, and the rates and extents
      of metabolism were virtually identical. Determination of O6-methylguanine and 7
      methylguanine in liver DNA 6 and 24 hr after MAMOAc (25 mg/kg) administration
      showed that the levels of DNA methylation induced by the carcinogen were not
      significantly different in the two strains, indicating that both are capable of
      the metabolic activation of MAM to methylating species. Pyrazole, a potent
      inhibitor of ADH, inhibited MAM metabolism as well as liver DNA methylation in
      the ADH(+) strain; however similar inhibition of these processes also occurred in
      the ADH(-) strain. 3-Methylpyrazole, a weak or noninhibitor of ADH, also
      decreased the levels of MAM metabolism in both the ADH(+) and the ADH(-) strains.
      From these results, we conclude that ADH is not obligatory either in the
      metabolism or in the metabolic activation of MAM. As a possible alternative to
      ADH, liver microsomes were examined for their ability to metabolize MAM. In the
      presence of a NADPH-generating system, liver microsomes from both strains
      converted [14C]MAM to 14CH3OH and 14CH2O , although liver microsomes from the
      ADH(-) strain were more active in this respect. The microsomal metabolism was
      sensitive to inhibition by CO as well as to inhibition by pyrazole and 3
      methylpyrazole.

PMID- 6372999
TI  - Elimination of clonogenic T-leukemic cells from human bone marrow using anti-Mr
      65,000 protein immunotoxins.
AB  - Two anti-Mr 65,000 protein (p65) murine monoclonal antibodies, T101 and VIII-1,
      were conjugated to intact ricin. Toxicity of the resulting immunotoxins (IT) was
      measured against leukemic cell lines treated alone and in the presence of excess
      bone marrow using a highly sensitive colony inhibition assay. Cells were
      pretreated with IT in the presence of lactose to block the native binding of
      ricin. The IT proved to be potent cytotoxins for the p65-positive cell lines, CEM
      and MOLT-4. Treatment with T101-ricin (1000 ng/ml) inhibited clonogenic activity
      of these lines by more than 5.1 logs. Less than 1 log of the inhibition at this
      dose was due to nonspecific killing by IT. Notably, the presence of excess bone
      marrow did not reduce IT toxicity against the leukemic populations. Comparison of
      IT concentrations which inhibited 50% of clonogenic activity showed that T101
      ricin was 140- to 540-fold and VIII-1-ricin was 12- to 192-fold more toxic to p65
      positive than to p65-negative cell lines. Neither unconjugated anti-p65 nor IT
      prepared with an irrelevant antibody inhibited clonogenic activity. Blocking of
      IT toxicity by unconjugated antibody further demonstrated that the antibody
      moiety of the IT directed the selective toxicity. We found that T101-ricin was
      more toxic for CEM cells than was VIII-1-ricin, even though blocking studies
      indicated that the two antibodies bind to proximal or identical epitopes. This
      report is unique in that an IT was shown to specifically eliminate greater than
      99.99% of leukemic cells from human bone marrow. These findings indicate the
      utility of T101-ricin as an in vitro reagent for autologous bone marrow
      transplantation in treatment of T-cell leukemia.

PMID- 6373000
TI  - Phorbol ester-induced differentiation of a non-T/non-B human leukemic cell line
      (REH) to macrophage-like cells.
AB  - Treatment of non-T/non-B human leukemic cell line REH with 5 X 10(-9) M 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) at 37 degrees resulted in their adherence
      to culture flasks by 24 to 36 hr and, after 72 hr, the entire surface of the
      flask/coverslips became covered with macrophage-like cells containing
      pseudopodia. Wright-Giemsa-stained untreated cells had blast morphology, whereas
      TPA-treated cells (adherent or excess cells remaining in suspension) had
      characteristic morphology of macrophages and phagocytized large numbers of latex
      beads. Untreated REH cells were negative for nitroblue tetrazolium reduction,
      Sudan Black B, and peroxidase, and they were weakly positive for periodic acid
      Schiff, acid phosphatase, chloroacetate esterase (pH 6.8), and nonspecific
      (naphthol AS-D acetate, pH 6.8) esterase, whereas TPA-treated cells (adherent or
      in suspension) gave strong reaction for these stains except for peroxidase and
      chloroacetate esterase which showed moderate reaction. Furthermore, the
      nonspecific esterase activity of TPA-treated cells and weak activity in 10% of
      untreated cells was strongly inhibited by NaF, a characteristic of monocytic
      series of cells. Lysozyme activity was not detected in culture supernatant from
      control or TPA-treated cells. No cytoplasmic immunoglobulin was detected in
      untreated or TPA-treated cells, and the monocyte/granulocyte antigen (detected by
      MCS-2 monoclonal antibody) which was absent from untreated REH cells was
      expressed in TPA-treated cells. TPA-treated cells lost common acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia antigen but showed significantly elevated expression of
      histocompatibility locus DR antigen. Terminal transferase estimated by
      immunofluorescence and biochemical assay was high in untreated REH cells, whereas
      TPA-treated cells were negative in terminal transferase immunofluorescence and
      had only negligible terminal transferase activity in biochemical assay. All these
      changes in REH cells observed on TPA treatment represent the differentiation of a
      human leukemic non-T/non-B-cell line to macrophage-like cells for the first time
      which indicates that some non-T/non-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells may have
      latent monocyte-like phenotype.

PMID- 6373001
TI  - Technical factors affecting the reproducibility of intravesical mouse bladder
      tumor implantation during therapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin.
AB  - Four methods of intravesical implantation of the transplantable mouse bladder
      tumor, MBT-2, and their effects on intravesical therapy with Bacillus Calmette
      Guerin (BCG) were compared, and modifications which improved implantation are
      described. Pretreatment of the bladder with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) resulted
      in tumor implantation in approximately two-thirds of the animals; however, all
      tumors penetrated the bladder wall. Using the MNU implantation procedure,
      intravesical BCG therapy was shown to reduce MBT-2 outgrowth by 77%. Tumor cell
      instillation after electrocautery produced an incidence of tumor implantation
      similar to that of the MNU procedure. The efficacy of BCG for the electrocautery
      implantation procedure also was similar to the MNU method. With the
      electrocautery procedure, the electrode and tumor cells were introduced into the
      bladder via a catheter prepared from PE 10 polyethylene tubing. The procedure
      required two catheterizations and produced a 24% incidence of extravesical
      tumors. Use of a Teflon catheter and a single catheterization for tumor cell
      instillation resulted in a reproducible method for implanting MBT-2 tumors which
      were all confined within the bladder. The efficacy of BCG therapy was unchanged
      from that described for the other implantation techniques.

PMID- 6373002
TI  - Demonstration of an extracellular matrix in multicellular tumor spheroids.
AB  - Multicellular spheroids of a human glioma cell line (U-118 MG) and a human
      thyroid cancer cell line ( HTh -7) were analyzed for the presence of
      extracellular matrix (ECM) using light microscopy, transmission electron
      microscopy, and indirect immunofluorescence staining for fibronectin, laminin,
      and collagen. These studies were supplemented by analyses of glycosaminoglycans
      using autoradiography or chemical methods after metabolic labeling with
      [35S]sulfate or [3H]glucosamine in conjunction with various extraction
      procedures. The results showed that both types of spheroids contained an ECM
      composed of fibronectin, laminin, collagen, and glycosaminoglycans. The
      organization of the ECM in the spheroids seemed to be similar to that of tumors
      in vivo. These findings help justify the use of the spheroid system as an in
      vitro model for the study of biological phenomena of human tumors in vivo.
      Furthermore, it is concluded that the formation of an ECM in vitro is not
      confined to normal cells but can be promoted in transformed cells using
      appropriate culture conditions.

PMID- 6373003
TI  - Decreased stabilization of prostacyclin activity in patients with bone tumors.
AB  - Tumor metastasis is mediated in part by platelet activation. Since prostacyclin
      regulates platelet activity, we examined stabilization of bioactivity of
      exogenous prostacyclin in plasma of patients with malignant bone tumors.
      Bioactivity of prostacyclin (platelet aggregation inhibition) incubated in
      patient plasma was found to be significantly less compared to that in normal
      plasma. In addition, the duration of bioactivity of prostacyclin was considerably
      less in plasma of patients with bone tumors. These preliminary data indicate
      decreased prostacyclin activity in plasma of patients with malignant bone tumors,
      which may be a mechanism of platelet-tumor cell aggregate formation and
      subsequent evolution of metastasis.

PMID- 6373004
TI  - Preliminary results of high-dose busulfan and cyclophosphamide with syngeneic or
      autologous bone marrow rescue.
AB  - The toxic effects of high-dose busulfan (16 mg/kg) and cyclophosphamide (200
      mg/kg) with autologous or syngeneic bone marrow rescue were evaluated in 19
      patients (11 with acute myelocytic leukemia, one with acute lymphocytic leukemia,
      one with acute myelofibrosis, two with chronic myelocytic leukemia, one with
      Hodgkin's disease, and three with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma). Their mean age was 26
      years (range, 6-50); nine patients had syngeneic and ten had autologous bone
      marrow rescue (six of whom had in vitro bone marrow incubation with 4
      hydroperoxycyclophosphamide). Severe myelosuppression was expected and was seen
      in all patients; leukocyte and platelet count recovery occurred at a median of 19
      days (range, 11-59) and 30 days (range, 20-89), respectively. Nausea, vomiting,
      and diarrhea were frequent but readily managed with vigorous medical therapy.
      Stomatitis was severe in 14 patients. Skin, renal, cardiac, pulmonary, and CNS
      complications directly attributable to drug-related toxic effects were transient
      and non-life-threatening. Hepatic function abnormalities were common but tended
      to be transient. Most patients tolerated high-dose busulfan and cyclophosphamide
      with manageable side effects. Hepatic veno-occlusive disease was fatal in two
      patients, while diffuse interstitial pneumonitis with disseminated herpes virus
      infection was fatal in three patients with lymphoma. All patients treated in
      relapse or without previous therapy had a complete tumor response. Further
      studies with this regimen should be pursued.

PMID- 6373005
TI  - Calcium-channel blocking agents: current indications and potential uses.

PMID- 6373006
TI  - Comparative effects of two cimetidine regimens on 24-hour intragastric acidity in
      patients with asymptomatic duodenal ulcer.
AB  - The effect of 600 mg of cimetidine given twice daily on 24-hour intragastric
      hydrogen ion (H+) concentration was compared with that of the standard regimen of
      300 mg of cimetidine given four times daily in six patients with asymptomatic
      duodenal ulcer. According to the double-blind, Latin-square, repeated-measures
      design, all subjects followed each cimetidine regimen and a placebo regimen for
      one week. Acid secretion studies and determinations of drug and gastrin levels in
      the blood were carried out on the last day of each treatment week. Although 600
      mg of cimetidine BID suppressed H+ after breakfast and during the night, compared
      with placebo treatment (P less than 0.01), the 300-mg QID regimen suppressed H+
      only after breakfast and supper (P less than 0.05). A higher percentage of pH
      readings greater than or equal to 3.0 were obtained with 600 mg of cimetidine BID
      than with 300 mg of cimetidine QID during the night (P less than 0.05); compared
      with percentages when placebo was taken, the percentages of pH readings greater
      than or equal to 3.0 were greater both overnight and during a 24-hour period only
      when 600 mg of cimetidine was given BID (P less than 0.01). The observed
      difference in intragastric H+ suppression after each regimen could not be
      explained by variations in serum concentrations of cimetidine or serum
      concentrations of gastrin. Despite similar peaks of serum cimetidine after
      evening doses of 300 or 600 mg of cimetidine, nocturnal intragastric acidity was
      lower in subjects given 600 mg BID. Further, H+ levels after lunch were similar
      in both cimetidine-treated groups, despite markedly higher serum cimetidine
      concentrations in patients receiving 600 mg BID. Pharmacokinetic studies showed
      equivalent elimination half-times and 24-hour areas under the curve of serum
      cimetidine concentration in patients on the two cimetidine regimens. Postprandial
      integrated gastrin responses were of similar magnitude in patients on either
      cimetidine regimen. There was no significant difference in mean serum gastrin
      concentrations during the night in placebo-treated and cimetidine-treated
      patients. Only a weak correlation was observed between H+ and serum gastrin
      concentration. Although a fluctuation of the H+:gastrin ratio occurred after each
      meal in all groups, the ratio was suppressed by both dosages of cimetidine. The
      findings suggest that a regimen of 600 mg of cimetidine BID is superior to the
      standard regimen of 300 mg QID in suppressing intragastric acidity in patients
      with asymptomatic duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 6373007
TI  - Clinical evaluation of hydrocortisone valerate 0.2% ointment.
AB  - Evaluations of the comparative efficacy and safety of hydrocortisone valerate
      0.2% ointment were made in six double-blind, multicenter trials involving a total
      of 485 patients, 209 with atopic dermatitis and 276 with plaque psoriasis. The
      vasoconstrictor activity of hydrocortisone valerate 0.2% ointment was also
      assessed in normal subjects. Hydrocortisone valerate 0.2% ointment displayed
      therapeutic effects within three days. In terms of global evaluations of
      efficacy, hydrocortisone valerate was more effective than vehicle and was
      comparable to other intermediate or moderate potency corticosteroid ointments.
      The vasoconstrictor activity of hydrocortisone valerate 0.2% ointment was greater
      than that of other moderate potency ointments.

PMID- 6373008
TI  - Triamterene and renal lithiasis: a review.
AB  - A small number of patients taking products containing triamterene (TAT) develop
      renal calculi that contain TAT and its metabolites. Most TAT-containing calculi
      are composed of various crystalline materials, but a small number consist only of
      TAT, its metabolites, and a protein matrix. Calculi form as the drug binds to the
      protein matrix. In patients receiving TAT therapy, the incidence of calculi
      consisting of TAT and its metabolites ranges from 1 in 1,500 to 1 in 2,000
      patients. No clear "dose-effect" relationship between TAT use and renal lithiasis
      has been established, and no correlation between the duration of TAT therapy and
      the formation of renal calculi has been found. Patients with a propensity for
      renal calculi formation, based on previous occurrence or family history, develop
      calculi at about the same rate in the presence or absence of TAT. Patients who
      form renal calculi containing TAT do not absorb or excrete abnormal quantities of
      TAT and do not metabolize the drug abnormally.

PMID- 6373010
TI  - [Microbiological diagnosis of identifying 2 strains of flagella-deficient
      Salmonella typhimurium from human].

PMID- 6373009
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of guanfacine in essential hypertension.
AB  - Hemodynamic evaluation of three men and eight women aged 20 to 58 years (mean, 44
      years) with essential hypertension was performed before and after a single dose
      of guanfacine and before and after long-term administration of the drug, which is
      a stimulant of central alpha-adrenergic receptors. Mean (+/- SE) recordings of
      blood pressure before catheterization were 168/115 +/- 6/3 mmHg when supine and
      168/112 +/- 8/4 mmHg when standing. Within two hours of oral administration of 3
      mg of guanfacine, the heart rate decreased from a mean of 77 +/- 2 to 69 +/- 3
      beats/min (P less than 0.05), and the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP)
      decreased from a mean of 9 +/- 1 to 6 +/- 1 mmHg (P less than 0.02). The mean
      readings of pulmonary arterial pressure also decreased, as follows: systolic,
      from 22 +/- 2 to 18 +/- 0.14 mmHg (P less than 0.05); diastolic, from 9 +/- 1 to
      7 +/- 1 mmHg (P less than 0.05); and mean, from 15 +/- 1 to 12 +/- 2 mmHg (P less
      than 0.05). No changes were observed in systemic blood pressure, the cardiac
      index, systemic vascular resistance, or total pulmonary vascular resistance.
      After a six-week course (mean dosage, 3.9 +/- 0.57 mg/day), the following
      variables decreased significantly: systemic blood pressure--systolic, diastolic,
      and mean, both supine and standing (P less than 0.001); heart rate (P less than
      0.001); and systemic vascular resistance (P less than 0.01). The PCWP reached
      values similar to those measured during the control phase. Increases were noted
      in pulmonary artery systolic pressure (P less than 0.05), mean right atrial
      pressure (P less than 0.01), and in the stroke volume index (P less than 0.05).
      It is likely that the main hemodynamic mechanism underlying the long-term
      antihypertensive effect of guanfacine is a decrease in systemic vascular
      resistance.

PMID- 6373011
TI  - [History of epidemics in ancient China].

PMID- 6373012
TI  - AppppA and related adenylylated nucleotides are synthesized as a consequence of
      oxidation stress.
AB  - AppppA , ApppGpp , AppppG , ApppG , and ApppA rapidly accumulate to high levels
      in Salmonella typhimurium following exposure to a variety of oxidizing agents,
      but not to a variety of other stresses. Among the agents inducing these
      adenylylated nucleotides are 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, diamide, hydrogen
      peroxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, N-ethyl maleimide, iodoacetamide, cadmium
      chloride, and a variety of quinones. Some of these oxidizing agents cause
      preferential synthesis of specific adenylylated nucleotides, e.g., N-ethyl
      maleimide induces ApppA and menadione induces ApppGpp . Our data, as well as
      other evidence in the literature, strongly suggest that oxidation stress is
      coupled to adenylylated nucleotide synthesis by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.
      Although adenylylated nucleotides are made by tRNA synthetases in vitro, their
      synthesis in vivo is not a simple consequence of inhibition of synthetase
      activity. Compounds that inhibit normal charging by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases do
      not result in the synthesis of adenylylated nucleotides, nor do mutations in tRNA
      synthetase structural genes or tRNA structural, modifying, or processing genes.
      We propose that the family of adenylylated nucleotides are alarmones signaling
      the onset of oxidation stress, and that particular ones may be alarmones for
      specific oxidative stresses, e.g., ApppGpp for oxidative damage to amino acid
      biosynthesis.

PMID- 6373013
TI  - Regulation of nitrogen fixation genes.

PMID- 6373014
TI  - Separation of yeast chromosome-sized DNAs by pulsed field gradient gel
      electrophoresis.
AB  - A new type of gel electrophoresis separates DNA molecules up to 2000 kb with
      resolutions exceeding the logarithmic molecular weight dependence of conventional
      electrophoresis. The technique uses 1.5% agarose, 10 to 20 micrograms of DNA per
      well, and low ionic strength buffers. It employs alternately pulsed,
      perpendicularly oriented electrical fields, at least one of which is
      inhomogeneous. The duration of the applied electrical pulses is varied from 1 sec
      to 90 sec to achieve optimal separations for DNAs with sizes from 30 to 2000 kb.
      This pulsed field gradient gel electrophoresis fractionates intact S. cerevisiae
      chromosomal DNA, producing a molecular karyotype that greatly facilitates the
      assignment of genes to yeast chromosomes. Each yeast chromosome consists of a
      single piece of DNA; the chromosome sizes are consistent with the genetic linkage
      map. We also describe a general method for preparing spheroplasts, and cell
      lysates, without significant chromosomal DNA breakage.

PMID- 6373015
TI  - Growth factors: mechanism of action and relation to oncogenes.

PMID- 6373016
TI  - Yeast centromeres: structure and function.

PMID- 6373017
TI  - Membrane skeletal protein 4.1 of avian erythrocytes is composed of multiple
      variants that exhibit tissue-specific expression.
AB  - The avian analog of mammalian erythrocyte protein 4.1, a structural component of
      the membrane skeleton, has been identified. It is present at the plasma membranes
      of avian erythrocytes and lens cells, but has not been found elsewhere in
      comparable amounts. In chickens, it exists as six variants with molecular masses
      of 87, 100, 115, 150, 160, and 175 kd. The corresponding polypeptides in turkeys
      are each about 3 kd smaller, suggesting that all may be encoded by a single gene.
      These variants have similar solubility properties and nearly identical two
      dimensional iodopeptide maps that are similar to those of mammalian protein 4.1,
      but they are differentially phosphorylated. The three smallest variants are the
      predominant forms in avian erythrocytes, while the two largest variants
      predominate in avian lens cells. In contrast, mammalian erythrocytes and lens
      cells exhibit patterns of variants that are more similar to each other. These
      results show that only a subset of spectrin-containing cells possess protein 4.1,
      and that these cells differentially express the variants of protein 4.1 in a
      manner that may reflect corresponding functional differences.

PMID- 6373018
TI  - An E. coli DNA fragment 118 base pairs in length provides dnaY+ complementing
      activity.
AB  - The dnaY gene of E. coli, thought to be involved in the polymerization phase of
      DNA replication, was localized on a fragment 118 base pairs in length. This
      fragment, cloned in two different vectors and tested in a dnaY (Ts) recA host,
      has dnaY + complementing activity. The nucleotide sequence of the 118 base pairs
      and flanking bases was determined. The dnaY complementing activity was
      inactivated by transposon insertion and by localized chemical mutagenesis. Three
      independent insertions of Tn5 into the 118 base pair region eliminated dnaY
      activity. Eight single-base-change mutations that resulted in loss of dnaY
      activity also were located within the 118 base pair region. Analysis of the
      nucleotide sequence reveals a potential promoter but reveals no open reading
      frames likely to be translated into polypeptides. However, an RNA transcript of
      the dnaY region is synthesized in vivo. Perhaps the active product of dnaY is a
      small RNA or perhaps the dnaY region functions as a site.

PMID- 6373019
TI  - Specificity of mutagenesis resulting from the induction of the SOS system in the
      absence of mutagenic treatment.
AB  - Strains in which the E. coli SOS system is continuously induced, in the absence
      of mutagenic treatment, have been used to generate nonsense mutations in the lacl
      gene. The examination of over 600 independently occurring amber and ochre
      mutations reveals that inducing the SOS system stimulates specifically G:C----T:A
      and, to a lesser extent, A:T----T:A transversions. This specificity is similar to
      that seen for a number of carcinogens that form bulky adducts to DNA, such as
      benzo(a)pyrene diolepoxide (BPDE) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and which are
      dependent on the SOS system to mutagenize bacteria. However, G:C----T:A
      transversions resulting from SOS induction alone display a unique site
      specificity. One possibility is that the SOS-induced mutations result from
      cryptic, spontaneous lesions, such as apurinic sites, which cannot induce the SOS
      system themselves but which can target mutations once the SOS system is induced.

PMID- 6373020
TI  - The identification of a tissue-restricted plasma membrane marker in Xenopus
      laevis embryos by using a monoclonal antibody.
AB  - A library of monoclonal antibodies raised against partially purified membrane
      fractions from Xenopus laevis oocytes has been produced. One of these antibodies
      has been cloned and characterized in detail. It was found to be specific for a
      membrane-bound antigen of apparent Mr, 55,000. The distribution of the antigen
      has been studied by indirect immunofluorescence on sections of X. laevis embryos
      and has been found to be highly specific for some ectodermal and endodermal
      tissues. It was not present on mesodermal tissues.

PMID- 6373021
TI  - New concept of endosteal implantation and bridge construction.

PMID- 6373023
TI  - Effects of the methanol extract residue (MER) tubercle bacillus fraction on the
      production of antibodies in vitro. II. Effects on macrophage and lymphocyte
      populations.
AB  - The effect of the methanol extract residue (MER) fraction of BCG tubercle bacilli
      on the generation of primary antibody responsiveness in vitro to sheep red blood
      cells (SRBC) was ascertained in cell reconstitution experiments, employing
      enriched populations of mouse macrophages and of T and B lymphocytes. In each of
      the antibody generation cultures one or another of the cell fractions had been
      exposed to MER, either by treatment of the donor animals or by preincubation with
      the agent for 48 hr in vitro. In some experiments, supernatants of MER
      preincubated cells were employed in place of the cells. Macrophages and T cells
      that had been exposed to MER in vivo or in vitro and their supernatants
      demonstrated a markedly greater effect than nonexposed cells in the generation of
      direct specific plaque-forming cells (PFC) upon antigenic stimulation of the
      cultures with SRBC. In contrast, PFC production was not stimulated in B
      lymphocyte populations that had been in contact with the agent.

PMID- 6373022
TI  - Lymphocytes express specific antigen-independent contact interaction sites upon
      activation.
AB  - Cell contact between lymphocytes can be observed in the form of clustering in
      autologous cultures of rat or mouse lymph node cells. Mutual binding takes place
      in the absence of adherent cells and is displayed by B cells as well as by T
      cells, with the exception of immature (Lyt 1,2+) T cells. Contact formation is
      related to activation of the lymphocytes since thymidine-incorporating cells as
      well as plaque-forming cells are concentrated in the cluster cell fraction and
      the formation of clusters is greatly increased by periodate stimulation. The
      interaction is selective with respect to cell type (cells of other tissue origin
      are not bound) and differentiation (only activated lymphocytes and some of
      several lymphoid cell lines are able to interact). The reaction is not
      genetically restricted, but takes place even between different (but related)
      species. Neither antigen nor MHC structures are involved in contact formation.
      Protease treatment abolishes the ability to form clusters, but one part of the
      interacting receptor/acceptor structures is apparently trypsin resistant. The
      interaction is dependent on the presence of magnesium, whereas calcium ions have
      no supporting effect. Involvement of the cytoskeleton is shown by a partial
      inhibition of the cluster formation by cytochalasin B and azide. No indication
      for a lectin nature of the binding structures could be found by carbohydrate
      inhibition studies. The relation of this interaction mechanism to other models of
      physical interaction in the immune system as well as its possible function for
      signal exchange and local recruitment of activated cells is discussed.

PMID- 6373024
TI  - A simplified procedure for attachment-retained overdentures.

PMID- 6373025
TI  - Intranuclear structures in pyrimethamine-resistant isolates of the malaria
      parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is well known,
      both from natural infections and from culture material ( Aikawa , 1977, Langreth
      et al., 1978). It is noteworthy that all of these studies were done with
      pyrimethamine-sensitive strains, e.g. FCR-3/Gambia. Except for spindle
      microtubules during schizogony, no intranuclear structures have been described in
      any of the asexual erythrocytic stages. In the course of isolating clones from
      the pyrimethamine-resistant strain Honduras I/CDC (V.K. Bhasin and W. Trager , in
      print) and checking by electron microscopy for the presence or absence of knobs,
      we noticed intranuclear structures that might be correlated with pyrimethamine
      resistance. For comparison, we then examined the multi-drug-resistant strain
      Indochina 1. We present here a first report on these structures as a basis for
      further studies.

PMID- 6373026
TI  - Isolation of a single messenger RNA and of the corresponding gene in Plasmodium
      berghei.
AB  - A genomic library of Plasmodium berghei DNA was constructed using lambda 47.I as
      a vector. It represents 90% of Plasmodium genome. Genes expressed during the
      intraerythrocytic stage of P. berghei were isolated among the recombinant clones
      of the library using labelled cDNA complementary to the polyA + Plasmodium mRNA
      extracted during this stage. The purified coding strand of an expressed clone was
      utilized to catch the corresponding mRNA(s). The hybridized mRNA fraction was
      eluted and in vitro translated. Translation products were analyzed by gel
      electrophoresis; the gel fluorography revealed a single protein band of 32.500
      daltons of molecular weight, corresponding to a 900bp coding region in the
      examined clone.

PMID- 6373027
TI  - A biochemical and electron microscopic study of changes in the content of
      cytochrome P-450 in rat livers after cessation of treatment with phenobarbital,
      beta-naphtoflavone or 3-methylcholanthrene.
AB  - Changes in rat livers after treatment with phenobarbital (PB), beta-
      naphtoflavone (beta NF) or 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) was stopped were
      investigated by biochemical, immunochemical and electron microscopic methods.
      Repeated injections of each drug led to increases in the relative liver weights,
      in the microsomal proteins per gram of liver, in the microsomal contents of the
      total cytochrome P-450, and in the corresponding molecular species of P-450; P
      450(PB), when treated with PB and P-450(MC) when treated with either beta NF or
      MC. After cessation of treatment with PB or beta NF, decreases in all these
      contents to what were essentially the control values took place approximately in
      parallel within 7 days. The apparent half lives of cytochrome P-450(PB) and P
      450(MC) were calculated from the regression lines of cytochrome P-450 as
      approximately 15 hours. After treatment with MC, however, all the increases were
      maintained at approximately the maximal values even after 9 days. Electron
      microscopy revealed that the smooth ER, which markedly proliferated on PB or beta
      NF treatment, decreased rapidly after the drug treatment stopped, and was
      accompanied by an increase in the number of autophagosomes. After treatment with
      MC, however, the proliferated smooth ER remained even after 9 days.

PMID- 6373028
TI  - [History of the State Institute for Drug Control (1918-1983). History of the
      Institute for Drug Research (1918-1983)].

PMID- 6373029
TI  - [Determination of human chorionic gonadotropin in urine and serum using an
      immunoenzyme method (ELISA). Use in early pregnancy detection].

PMID- 6373030
TI  - The bioactivation of 1,2-dibromoethane in rat hepatocytes: deuterium isotope
      effect.
AB  - The metabolism and genotoxicity of 1,2-dibromoethane (EDB) and its deuterium
      substituted analog ( d4EDB ) were studied in isolated rat hepatocytes. There was
      a marked isotope effect on the metabolism of EDB by hepatocytes. This was due to
      decreased microsomal oxidation of d4EDB . Cytosolic metabolism of EDB, as
      measured by bromide ion release, was unaffected by deuterium substitution. The
      genotoxicity of the two analogs was assessed by assaying for the presence of EDB
      induced single-strand breaks in DNA. As measured by the alkaline elution
      technique, both compounds caused DNA single-strand breaks when incubated at a
      concentration of 0.1 mM with hepatocytes. No difference in the degree of DNA
      damage could be demonstrated between hepatocytes incubated with EDB or d4EDB .
      These data suggest that the GSH transferase mediated metabolism of EDB is
      responsible for the genotoxic effects of EDB observed in hepatocytes.

PMID- 6373031
TI  - Enzyme inhibition as a possible mechanism of the mutagenicity of dithiocarbamic
      acid derivatives in Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - In recent years data have accumulated regarding genotoxic properties of
      dithiocarbamic acid derivatives. The results from the present work indicate that
      the mutagenicity of these compounds depends on an indirect effect via oxygen
      radicals. Mutagenicity of tetramethylthiuram disulfide ( TMTD ), that was used as
      a model substance, was established with both frameshift and base substitution
      sensitive strains of Salmonella typhimurium. Addition of copper ions resulted in
      a decreased survival at low dithiocarbamate doses. The dose response curves seem
      to correlate with the formation of two types of metal dithiocarbamate complexes.
      At low doses charged complexes are formed, while the formation of uncharged
      complexes is favoured at higher dosages. The data suggest that this formation of
      uncharged metal complexes implies a decreased toxicity but at the same time an
      increased mutagenicity. The mutagenicity of both TMTD and its ethyl analogue TETD
      was enhanced by oxygen. Furthermore, TMTD potentiates the mutagenic action of
      menadione, a substance that produces O(2) and H2O2 by redox cycling with
      molecular oxygen. Interaction of uncharged metal dithiocarbamate complexes with
      both production and detoxification of reactive forms of oxygen is suggested to be
      responsible for the direct mutagenic effects via oxidative damage to DNA. A
      further enhancement of the oxygen radical content of the cells by adding
      microsomes that produce oxygen radicals via autoxidation of cytochrome P-450 is
      proposed as the mechanism for the 'metabolic activation of TMTD '.

PMID- 6373032
TI  - Metabolism of 1,8-dinitropyrene by Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - Earlier work has shown that many nitroaromatic and nitroheterocyclic compounds
      are directly 'activated' to their ultimate mutagenic forms through the action of
      bacterial nitroreductase enzymes. However, in the case of 1,8-dinitropyrene (DNP)
      and certain other nitroarenes the pathway of activation is more complex and
      neither the identity of the ultimate mutagens nor the nature of the DNA adducts
      formed are known. We now show that Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and
      TA1538, which are sensitive to DNP and have wild type nitroreductase complements,
      do metabolize DNP to 1-amino-8-nitropyrene (ANP) and 1,8- diaminopyrene (DAP) but
      that these compounds are much weaker mutagens than DNP. These two strains (TA98
      and TA1538) contain two separable components of nitroreductase activity as
      determined using nitrofurazone as the substrate. The major component, at least,
      is capable of reducing both 1-nitropyrene (NP) and DNP although the rates are
      much lower than with nitrofurazone. TA98NR , a mutant of TA98 that is resistant
      to nitrofurazone and NP but not to DNP, lacked the major nitroreductase but
      retained two minor components. In contrast, a mutant ( DNP6 ) which is resistant
      to DNP (but not to NP) contained a full complement of nitroreductases. When the
      metabolism of [3H]DNP by crude extracts of TA98 was re-examined, previously
      undetected metabolites were found. These were more polar than DAP and ANP and
      were also seen when TA98NR was used as the source of enzyme. These metabolites
      were not formed when enzymes from TA98DNP6 or TA98NR / DNP6 were used. This work
      supports the notion that some enzymic activity other than (or in addition to)
      nitroreductase is required for the activation of DNP and that the new polar
      metabolites may be related to this process.

PMID- 6373033
TI  - [Initial controlled clinical trials of an oral anticholera vaccine during the
      cholera epidemic in the district of Malemba-Nkulu (Shaba-Zaire)].
AB  - The authors have utilized the Institut Pasteur anticholeric vaccine by oral
      passage amid the Malemba - Nkulu area population. The choleric epidemic beginning
      six months after the vaccine oral passage. The results had been 67 cholera case
      on 18,377 subjects non inoculated 25 case on 6,249 subjects inoculated by inject
      vaccine, 3 case on 12,014 subjects inoculated by vaccine oral passage.

PMID- 6373034
TI  - [Malaria caused by multi-resistant Plasmodium falciparum contracted in Tanzania].
AB  - In a severe case of malaria, the chemosensitivity of a Plasmodium falciparum
      strain from a traveller to Tanzania who underwent chemoprophylaxis treatment with
      chloroquine (600 mg weekly) was evaluated in vitro. In the 28 hours maturation
      assay and a 72 hours proliferation assay, the strain proved to be highly
      resistant to chloroquine and to have a reduced sensibility to the sulfadoxin -
      pyrimethamin association.

PMID- 6373035
TI  - [Seroimmunological profile of kala-azar in Tunisia].
AB  - 165 sera of patients suffering from kala-azar were collected before and after
      treatment (N-methyl glucamine: Glucantime ) and analysed for anti-leishmania
      antibodies by the counter immunoelectrophoresis and fluorescent antibody
      techniques. Serum immunoglobulins G, A, M and Complement C4 and C3 were studied
      as well; and C reactive protein, rheumatoid factor and anti-nuclear, anti
      mitochondrial and anti-smooth muscle antibodies were investigated. Before
      treatment, counter immuno-electrophoresis was positive in 63.88% and
      immunofluorescent antibody test in 94.6%. The analysis of immunoglobulins has
      shown an increase of IgG in nearly all cases, an increase of IgM in 78.26% of
      sera tested. Little change has been noted with IgA. C reactive protein has been
      found in 87.67% and rheumatoid factor in 76.4% of sera examined. In 4 patients,
      anti-smooth muscle antibodies have been found at a relatively weak dilution. A
      decrease of complement C4 has been observed whereas complement C3 was slightly
      increased. After treatment (2 cures of Glucantime ) counter immunoelectrophoresis
      was positive in 23.07% of cases whereas immunofluorescent antibody test was still
      positive in 84.62%. IgG remained increases in the whole cases and IgM in only
      43,48%. C reactive protein and rheumatoid factor have been found in 14.81% and
      50% of cases respectively. Complement C4 remained low whereas complement C3
      showed normal mean value. The relationship between the serological disturbances
      observed and the prognosis were discussed.

PMID- 6373036
TI  - [An ephemeris, 1884-1934-1984].

PMID- 6373037
TI  - [Why cholera pandemics?].

PMID- 6373038
TI  - [Bacteriological and clinical aspects of Salmonella typhi infections in the
      Central African Republic. Evaluation of a 3-year study in Bangui].
AB  - Authors have isolated and identified 229 strains from patients with typhoid
      syndrome . The bacteriology of each strain was studied. We have observed the
      extension of A (subtype Dakar) lysotype to Central Africa from West Africa. All
      the strains are resistant for G penicillin. Clinical features are quite the same
      as in mild countries, with a high incidence in children. The typhoid fever is
      frequent and precocious in CAR, where prophylaxis by vaccination is not usual.

PMID- 6373040
TI  - A practical method for differentiating the salivary levels of Streptococcus
      mutans using a stabilized selective broth.

PMID- 6373039
TI  - [Management in Senegal of the 1st efficacy and tolerability studies of ivermectin
      (MK 933) in human onchocerciasis].
AB  - In 1981, 32 adult Senegalese males infected with Onchocerca volvulus but without
      ocular involvement were treated by groups of 8 with single oral dosages of 5, 10,
      30 or 50 micrograms/kg of ivermectin . As soon as the second day after treatment,
      we observed a marked decrease of the dermal microfilaremic charge after a
      posology of 30 micrograms/kg. However the decrease is most important in the group
      subjected to 50 micrograms/kg and 75% of them had no more microfilariae in the
      dermis 28 days following treatment.

PMID- 6373041
TI  - Mutagenic properties of N-cyclopropyl and N-allyl-N-nitroso compounds. Studies on
      the nature of alkylating species.
AB  - A series of directly acting N-nitroso compounds, N-nitroso-N-allyl urea 6, N
      nitroso-N-cyclopropyl urea 7, N-nitroso-acetoxymethyl-allylamine 8, N-nitroso
      acetoxymethyl- cyclopropylamine 9, N-nitroso(1- acetoxyethyl )allylamine 10 and N
      nitroso(1- acetoxyethyl ) cyclopropylamine 11, which may hydrolize to liberate
      either cyclopropylating or allylating electrophiles, were synthesized and
      comparatively investigated for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA 1535.
      Hydrolysis rates in aqueous buffered solution do not differ significantly in the
      allyl- and cyclopropyl series. Analysis of the hydrolysate of all compounds
      revealed only the presence of allylalcohol and not cyclopropanol . In contrast to
      the expected equal potencies, due to chemical rearrangement of the alkylating
      species from cyclopropylcation to allylcation , the results showed that the
      cyclopropylating analogs were much more effective mutagens than were the
      allylating compounds. We conclude that for the cyclopropylating compounds the
      diazonium ion intermediate - and not the free cation - is the alkylating species,
      during mutagenesis.

PMID- 6373042
TI  - Differences in the promutagenic nature of 3-methylcytosine as revealed by DNA and
      RNA polymerising enzymes.
AB  - Poly(dC,3- MedC ) has been synthesised and used as a template to compare the
      miscoding properties of 3-methylcytosine (3-MeC) during DNA and RNA synthesis.
      Although 3-MeC was promutagenic with the RNA polymerase incorporating both AMP
      and UMP in the ratio of approximately 5:1 (agreeing with results reported by
      earlier workers) no non-complementary nucleotide incorporation was observed with
      DNA polymerase I. The results show that 3-MeC, which is a strong inhibitor of DNA
      synthesis, is only promutagenic with the less accurate RNA polymerase and that
      the reported differences in promutagenicity for this modified base with the two
      nucleotide polymerising enzymes arise from different specificities for the two
      enzymes.

PMID- 6373043
TI  - Alteration of a membrane associated marker in transplantable rat pancreatic
      acinar cell carcinoma.
AB  - A monoclonal murine IgG has been developed which detects a cellular and
      intracytoplasmic membrane marker expressed only in the rat pancreatic acinar
      cell. Membrane aberrations in chemically induced transplantable rat pancreas
      acinar cell adenoma and carcinoma were examined using this IgG. The presence of
      this membrane marker was assessed by indirect immunofluorescence using paraffin
      sections of normal pancreas, acinar cell adenoma and transplanted tumors from
      rats and nude mice. The intracytoplasmic membrane of cells in acinar cell adenoma
      revealed a much higher intensity of fluorescence compared with normal acinar
      cells. In contrast there was an almost complete absence of fluorescent staining
      of the intracytoplasmic membranes of acinar cell carcinoma while their cell
      membranes showed an intensity of fluorescence far exceeding that of normal acinar
      cells. These findings suggest a defect in the dynamics of membrane-associated
      antigen(s) in these cancer cells.

PMID- 6373044
TI  - Glutathione-mediated binding of dibromoalkanes to DNA: specificity of rat
      glutathione-S-transferases and dibromoalkane structure.
AB  - 1,2-Dibromo-[1,2-14C]ethane was bound irreversibly to DNA when glutathione S
      transferase or rat liver cytosolic components were added to incubations of calf
      thymus DNA and glutathione at 37 degrees C. There was no DNA binding of 1,2
      dibromoethane when glutathione was absent or in incubations of DNA with
      microsomal proteins with or without NADPH, thus supporting the proposal that the
      major route of DNA binding by 1,2-dibromoethane occurs via conjugation to
      glutathione. In vitro binding of 1,2-dibromoethane occurred most effectively when
      the YaYc (or 'B') isozyme of glutathione S-transferase was included in
      incubations of DNA with 1,2-dibromoethane and glutathione. Other dihaloalkanes
      were incubated with DNA in the presence of glutathione S-transferase and
      [35S]glutathione. Of these, only 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane and tris-(2,3
      dibromopropyl)-phosphate led to significant DNA binding of [35S]glutathione. 1,2
      Dibromo-3-chloro-[1,3-14C]propane was bound to DNA when glutathione and
      glutathione S-transferase were present. However, even higher 1,2-dibromo-3
      chloropropane binding to DNA occurred when cytosol or microsomes were included in
      incubations without glutathione. When glutathione was added to incubations
      containing cytosol and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, total DNA binding was
      decreased. Thus, the actual amount of DNA binding by dihaloethanes in vivo may be
      the result of a complicated balance among the opposing roles of glutathione
      conjugation in detoxicating and activating processes.

PMID- 6373045
TI  - Formaldehyde as a possible mutagenic metabolite of N-nitrodimethylamine and of
      other agents which are suggested to yield non-alkylating species in vitro.
AB  - N-Nitramines are biologically active compounds of environmental significance. In
      this study the suggested bioactivation of N- nitrodimethylamine via oxidation at
      the methyl-group was confirmed, as was indicated by formaldehyde liberation. N-
      Nitrodimethylamine and formaldehyde as well as the suggested metabolites, N-
      nitrohydroxymethylmethylamine and N- nitromethylamine were tested for
      mutagenicity in histidine auxotrophic Salmonella typhimurium strains in a variety
      of conditions. N- Nitrodimethylamine was mutagenic only in S. typhimurium TA 100
      after pre-incubation with bacteria and a complete metabolizing mixture containing
      9000 g liver supernatant and NADPH-regenerating cofactors. N-
      Nitrohydroxymethylmethylamine and formaldehyde were approximately equally
      mutagenic without the metabolizing mixture in TA 100 and TA 98, but not in TA
      1535. The addition of the 9000 g supernatant of homogenized liver increased the
      yield of his+ revertants induced by the two compounds. N- Nitromethylamine was
      not mutagenic with or without the metabolic activation system. The results
      suggest that formaldehyde is possibly the mutagenically active intermediate
      formed during in vitro metabolism of N- nitrodimethylamine . Furthermore the
      participation of formaldehyde as the mutagenic intermediate of other non
      alkylating N-nitro and N-nitroso compounds is demonstrated.

PMID- 6373046
TI  - Lung function and structure after Escherichia coli endotoxin in rabbits: effect
      of dose and rate of administration.
AB  - We evaluated the effect of increasing doses of Escherichia coli endotoxin and its
      rate of administration on systemic blood pressure, alveolar-arterial oxygen
      gradient (A- aDO2 1.0), dynamic compliance (Cdyn), circulating platelets and
      leukocytes, and postmortem bloodless wet to dry ratios in anesthetized rabbits.
      Infusion of endotoxin resulted in systemic hypotension, diminished Cdyn,
      thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia, but did not influence venous admixture. These
      parameters were not affected by the rapidity of administration, but changes in
      Cdyn and circulating platelets were dose-dependent. High (15 mg/kg), but not low
      (0.5 mg/kg), doses of endotoxin resulted in an early but transient increase in
      lung water, but bloodless wet to dry weight ratios were not increased at 4-6 h
      following endotoxin even when high doses were injected. Ultrastructural studies
      done in six rabbits showed an early but transient platelet sequestration in
      pulmonary capillaries, progressive increase in intracapillary leukocytes,
      interstitial edema, and focal, although minimal, endothelial injury at 4 h after
      injection. Thus, infusion of E coli endotoxin in rabbits does not result in
      increased lung water and intrapulmonary shunting acutely; this tolerance to
      endotoxin is not related to the dose or rates of administration studied.

PMID- 6373047
TI  - The effect of hyponatremia on the regulation of intracellular volume and solute
      composition.

PMID- 6373048
TI  - Adenine nucleotide metabolism and compartmentalization in isolated adult rat
      heart cells.
AB  - The metabolism and intracellular compartmentalization of adenine nucleotides in a
      preparation of adult rat heart myocytes showing good morphology, viability, and
      tolerance to calcium ion has been examined by high performance liquid
      chromatography. These myocytes contain an average of 23 nmol adenine nucleotide
      per milligram protein which is about 60% of the adenine nucleotide content of
      intact rat heart tissue. The loss of adenine nucleotide occurs during the
      incubation and washing steps that increase the yield of viable cells, rather than
      during the collagenase perfusion. An analysis of cellular compartments shows that
      the adenine nucleotide of the cell consists of 17 nmol adenine nucleotide in the
      cytosol, 5 nmol in the mitochondria, and 1.3 nmol adenosine diphosphate bound to
      myofibrils per milligram cell protein. Myocytes lose both adenosine triphosphate
      and adenine nucleotide when incubated anaerobically in the absence of glucose,
      and the lost adenine nucleotide can be accounted for as increased inosine,
      adenosine, and inosine monophosphate. Myocytes that contain less than 0.1 nmol of
      cytosol adenosine triphosphate per milligram cell protein maintain an intact
      sarcolemma, but are unable to carry out anaerobic glycolysis. Reoxygenation of
      anaerobic cells results in restoration of energy charge and a net resynthesis of
      about 2 nmol adenine nucleotide per milligram protein. Adenosine and inosine
      monophosphate decrease on reaeration of anaerobic cells, whereas inosine levels
      increase. When iodoacetate is added to block glycolysis, the decline in adenine
      nucleotide and production of inosine monophosphate are accelerated and there is
      no resynthesis of adenine nucleotide when anaerobic cells are reoxygenated .
      Large accumulations of inosine monophosphate are also seen in myocytes treated
      with an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation.

PMID- 6373049
TI  - Stimulation of vascular smooth muscle cell prostacyclin and prostaglandin E2
      synthesis by plasma high and low density lipoproteins.
AB  - We studied the effects of plasma high density and low density lipoproteins upon
      the synthesis of prostacyclin and prostaglandin E2 by vascular smooth muscle
      cells. Prostaglandin synthesis was measured in 24-hour cultures by
      radioimmunoassay of the stable metabolites of prostacyclin, 6-keto-prostaglandin
      F1 alpha and of prostaglandin E2. High density lipoproteins induced dose
      dependent increases in the release of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and of
      prostaglandin E2 from smooth muscle cells to values 14- and 50-fold above
      control. Incubations with low density lipoproteins at comparable cholesterol
      concentrations also induced dose-dependent release of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1
      alpha and prostaglandin E2, but to a lesser extent. Rat high density lipoprotein,
      which contained 2.5 times more cholesteryl arachidonate than human high density
      lipoproteins, stimulated 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and prostaglandin E2
      release 2- to 3-fold more than human high density lipoproteins, whereas the
      delipidated apoproteins of high density lipoproteins had no significant effect on
      prostaglandin synthesis. Recombinant high density lipoproteins containing
      cholesteryl-[1- 14C]arachidonate stimulated release of [14C]-6-keto-prostaglandin
      F1 alpha and [14C]prostaglandin E2 by smooth muscle cells. The ionophore, A
      23187, released labeled 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and prostaglandin E2 from
      cells preincubated with recombinant high density lipoprotein containing
      cholesteryl-[1- 14C]arachidonate. Unlabeled high density lipoproteins, in
      contrast, did not cause release of radioactive prostaglandins from cells
      preincubated with [1- 14C]arachidonate. Phospholipase activators were synergistic
      (bradykinin) or additive (angiotensin II) with high density lipoprotein in
      stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis. The data indicate that both high and low
      density lipoproteins stimulate the synthesis of prostacyclin and prostaglandin E2
      by vascular smooth muscle cells. The results suggest that the lipoproteins
      provide arachidonate to a phospholipase-sensitive pool accessible to
      cyclooxygenase.

PMID- 6373050
TI  - Minoxidil in patients with chronic left heart failure: contrasting hemodynamic
      and clinical effects in a controlled trial.
AB  - Minoxidil, a potent predominant arterial dilator, improves hemodynamics over the
      short term in patients with heart failure. In random double-blind fashion 17
      patients with chronic left heart failure were given minoxidil (nine patients) or
      placebo (eight patients) in addition to digoxin and diuretics for 3 months.
      Cardiac index and heart rate increased and mean arterial pressure and systemic
      vascular resistance fell within 4 hr of minoxidil administration. Right heart and
      pulmonary arterial pressures were unchanged over the short term but rose after
      long-term minoxidil. After 3 months of minoxidil treatment, systemic vascular
      resistance was still reduced (11.7 +/- 6.3[SD] vs 17.1 +/- 3.1 U at baseline; p
      less than .05). Hemodynamics were similar at baseline and remained unchanged
      during placebo treatment. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction rose from 29.6
      +/- 17.7% to 42.7 +/- 22.3% (p less than .05) after 3 months of minoxidil
      treatment (this result was influenced largely by responses in two patients), and
      remained unchanged (at 25.1 +/- 16.6%) after 3 months of placebo. Exercise
      duration and maximal oxygen uptake during exercise were unchanged during
      minoxidil or placebo treatment. Total clinical events, including increased need
      for diuretics, angina, ventricular arrhythmias, worsening heart failure, and
      death were all more frequent during minoxidil vs placebo administration (21 vs
      seven total events; p less than .01). Thus, despite improving hemodynamics and
      left ventricular function, long-term minoxidil administration was associated with
      a poorer clinical course in patients with chronic left ventricular failure.
      Furthermore, this experience demonstrates that improvement of left ventricular
      function alone cannot be reliably interpreted as proof of clinical efficacy of
      therapeutic interventions in patients with heart failure.

PMID- 6373051
TI  - Growth and survival of Serratia marcescens in hard contact lens wetting
      solutions.

PMID- 6373052
TI  - Liquid-chromatographic analysis for tobramycin in samples giving discrepant
      results by enzyme immunoassay and fluoroimmunoassay.

PMID- 6373053
TI  - A new assay for rheumatoid factor.
AB  - This solid-phase immunoassay for detection of rheumatoid factor involves a
      specially prepared indium surface that renders protein layers visible and
      therefore does not require tagged protein. Using appropriate discriminatory
      values, we found agreement with results of a standard latex-fixation test in
      controls and patients with rheumatoid arthritis. About half of the patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis that were seronegative by this latex fixation test had
      positive tests by the present assay. Rheumatoid factor of both the IgM and IgA
      class may be easily assessed.

PMID- 6373054
TI  - Evaluation of the EMIT reagent system for measurement of caffeine with the EMIT
      Lab 5000 System and a centrifugal analyzer.
AB  - Using a Syva EMIT Lab 5000 System, we evaluated a newly developed EMIT assay for
      measurement of caffeine in serum of neonates. The method is rapid, and
      coefficients of variation for within-run and day-to-day precision were less than
      5%. The accuracy of the method, as evaluated from analytical recovery and a
      calibrator-crossover study, is excellent. Comparison of the results analyzed by
      the EMIT caffeine assay (y) and the liquid-chromatographic comparison method (x)
      yielded the linear regression equation y = 1. 052x + 0.293 (n = 110, r = 0.987,
      and Sy . x = 0.625). The method was also adapted to a COBAS-BIO centrifugal
      analyzer (y) and optimized to minimize sample and reagent consumption. Linear
      regression analysis yielded the equation y = 1. 031x + 0.227 (n = 61, r = 0.992,
      and Sy . x = 0.488). As many as 400 assays per EMIT kit can be performed with the
      analyzer method, with excellent precision and accuracy. The kit assay and this
      centrifugal analyzer are well suited for rapid batch testing: 28 analyses
      (including six calibrators) in 10 min.

PMID- 6373055
TI  - Polyhydramnion in early pregnancy. Case report.
AB  - A case of polyhydramnion in early pregnancy diagnosed by ultrasounds is here
      discussed and shown for its rarity and its very interesting clinical experience.

PMID- 6373056
TI  - Rapid diagnosis of herpesvirus hominis infection of cervix and vagina before
      delivery.
AB  - The incidence of asymptomatic vaginal and cervical Herpes virus hominis shedding
      in a group of 51 pregnant women near term was investigated by the method of
      indirect immunofluorescence. All women were tested serologically by the method of
      microneutralisation in order to diagnose latent HVH type 1 or HVH type 2
      infection. The shedding of HVH, in most cases, was the consequence of the
      activated HVH latent infection. It was revealed that 13.72% of asymptomatic HVH
      type 1 shedding was from vagina alone, and 7.27% of asymptomatic HVH type 1
      shedding was from cervix alone. The same percentage (17%) of HVH type 2 shedding
      was revealed from both the vagina and the cervix. All women whose cervical and
      vaginal smears showed positive HVH type 1 or HVH type 2 immunofluorescence were
      latently infected. We have no direct data to refuse or confirm the suggestions
      that Caesarian section is recommended in women with genital herpes. The fact that
      both vaginal and cervical asymptomatic shedding of HVH occur during pregnancy
      indicates that these women undergo the virologic examination near term. The
      evaluation of duration of asymptomatic shedding is needed. Close clinical and
      virologic observation will markedly reduce both clinical and subclinical HVH
      infection of the newborn infant. In such circumstances rapid diagnosis of HVH
      infection becomes extremely important in the pregnant women.

PMID- 6373057
TI  - The role of the vaginal colonization of the medical and paramedical staff in the
      nosocomial transmission of group-B streptococcus.
AB  - The authors consider the presence of streptococcus of group B in the vaginal
      flora of the medical and paramedical staff who work at the Obstetrical and
      Gynaecological Clinic and at the Department of Neonatology at the S. Matteo
      Polyclinic. The identification of fellows (6 cases, 6.8%) colonized by GBS
      improves the hypothesis of the possibility of a hospital-transmission of the
      microorganism , and this transmission explains the possible bacterial
      colonization of newborns, whose mothers are GBS negative. The importance of such
      a type of transmission has to be referred overall to the possible onset of a
      neonatal meningitis, in regard to its mortality (20-30%) and to the neurological
      complications, which can be observed in the child even later on.

PMID- 6373058
TI  - Sensitive enzyme immunoassay for the measurement of platelet factor 4 in blood
      plasma.
AB  - A sandwich enzyme immunoassay method for the measurement of platelet factor 4
      (PF4) was developed with the use of polystyrene balls with immobilized antibody
      F(ab')2 fragments and the same antibody Fab' fragments labeled with beta-D
      galactosidase from E. coli. The measurable range was 30 pg to 3 ng of PF4 per
      tube. Within-run and between-run coefficients of variation were less than 10%.
      The results obtained with the enzyme immunoassay correlated well with those of a
      radioimmunoassay (r = 0.952, slope = 0.954, gamma-intercept = 2.43 ng/ml).
      Platelets contained large amounts of PF4 (7.21 +/- 1.97 ng/10(6) cells or 2.51 +/
      1.13 ng/mg protein), whereas the PF4 levels in red blood cells and lymphocytes
      were negligible, confirming the specific localization of PF4 in platelets. The
      applicability of the immunoassay method was tested to determine the in vitro
      release of PF4 during preparation and storage of platelet concentrates.

PMID- 6373059
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunoassay of monoclonal and serum microsomal autoantibodies.
AB  - An automated enzyme-linked immunoassay for the detection of antibodies to human
      thyroid microsomes has been assessed. This assay correlated closely with the
      established commercial passive haemagglutination method. Variations in the purity
      of crude microsome preparations and the degree of thyroglobulin contamination
      make careful comparison of different preparations essential for meaningful
      interpretation of results, and attempts to circumvent these problems by further
      purification of microsome preparations using gel filtration are discussed. The
      application of this method for routine screening of serum samples is demonstrated
      using populations of normal subjects and patients with rheumatoid arthritis and
      anti-glomerular basement membrane disease. This assay has also permitted the
      establishment of murine hybrid myelomas secreting monoclonal antibodies to human
      thyroid microsomes.

PMID- 6373060
TI  - Polarization fluoroimmunoassay of biopterin and neopterin in human urine.
AB  - A polarization fluoroimmunoassay has been developed for the routine determination
      of biopterin and neopterin levels in human urine. The method employs fluorescein
      labeled biopterin and neopterin. The assay is fast (incubation time: 2 min) and
      no separation step is required prior to measurement of fluorescence polarization.
      Linearity, recovery and precision were satisfactory. Estimations of biopterin and
      neopterin levels in human urine samples closely correlated with those obtained by
      radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 6373061
TI  - Bioassay and radioimmunoassay of lactogens in sera from children.
AB  - Lactogen levels in sera from children have been determined using the Nb 2
      lymphoma cell bioassay (BA) and conventional radioimmunoassay (RIA). Assays were
      done on samples obtained under basal conditions and after pituitary stimulation
      induced by insulin or arginine administration. There was a close correspondence
      between BA and RIA results (r = 0.94; n = 43). The average ratio of the BA and
      RIA estimates of the lactogen levels (BA/RIA) was 0.86 +/- 0.13 (mean +/- SD) and
      0.82 +/- 0.17 for basal and stimulated conditions, respectively. The increased
      secretion of lactogens after pituitary stimulation was not found to be associated
      with a change in the BA/RIA ratio.

PMID- 6373062
TI  - Interaction of ferritin with serum: implications for ferritin turnover.
AB  - An interaction between human and rabbit ferritins and serum was demonstrated by a
      coated tube binding assay, a shift in molecular size on gel filtration and by
      precipitation of complexes with 3.5% polyethylene glycol 6000. With polyethylene
      glycol and labelled ferritins, complex formation was inhibited by heating sera to
      56 degrees C for 30 min and by addition of EDTA or excess unlabelled ferritins.
      Human heart ferritin showed the greatest interaction with serum, followed by
      human spleen ferritin and least of all human plasma ferritin. Ferritins did not
      appear to bind to IgG or IgM in normal sera. The interaction of 'H' subunit
      containing ferritins with serum or plasma may be partly responsible for the rapid
      clearance of tissue ferritins from the circulation and the absence of acidic
      isoferritins in the plasma of normal subjects.

PMID- 6373063
TI  - Levels of the oxytocin-associated and vasopressin-associated neurophysins in
      plasma and their responses in essential hypertension.
AB  - A group of 89 individuals with essential hypertension was evaluated with several
      measurements including the neurophysin believed to be the human oxytocin
      neurophysin (OT-Np), and the human vasopressin neurophysin (VP-Np). The
      neurophysins are proteins synthesized within cells of the supraoptic and
      paraventricular nuclei in conjunction with their respective hormones oxytocin and
      vasopressin as part of a common precursor molecule and so may reflect the
      simultaneous presence in plasma of their associated hormones. A poor but
      statistically significant correlation was noted between levels of OT-Np and renin
      activity in plasma (PRA) either supine (r = 0.248) or erect (r = 0.255). Levels
      of OT-Np averaged 1.75 ng/ml and were inversely correlated with creatinine (r = 
      0.252), supine blood pressure (r = -0.450), plasma volume (r = -0.327), and 24
      hour urine sodium (r = -0.313). Levels of Ot-Np could be suppressed by infusion
      of physiologic saline. Levels of OT-Np were lower in the volume expanded state
      and were positively correlated with the quantity of sodium excreted into a 24
      hour urine collected after the infusion (r = 0.426) and inversely correlated with
      the supine systolic (r = -0.379) and supine diastolic (r = -0.455) blood
      pressures recorded after the infusion of saline. Oestrogen, a stimulus to the
      secretion of OT-Np, did not account for the elevation of OT-Np observed in the
      study, since mean levels of oestradiol (E2) in a subset of the patients with
      elevated OT-Np (E2 = 36 pg/ml) were not different from levels in subjects with
      lower values of OT-Np (E2 = 45 pg/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6373064
TI  - Cardiovascular reactivity to methacholine in normotensives with genetic risk of
      hypertension.
AB  - Hemodynamic reactivity to methacholine (0,1 mg/kg bodyweight) was studied in 10
      normotensives with genetic risk of hypertension (mean age: 25,4 +/- 2,6 years) in
      comparison with 8 controls (mean age: 25,0 +/- 2,3 yrs). Due to peripheral
      vasodilatation this substance led to an initial blood pressure fall which was the
      same in the investigated and in the control group. In the phase of
      counterregulation the secondary rise of blood pressure was higher in the group
      with family history of hypertension. As evidenced by correlation statistical
      analysis the increases of heart rate and cardiac output were responsible for the
      rise of systolic blood pressure. The hemodynamic response to methacholine in the
      group with genetic risk of hypertension has been attributed to a higher
      sympathetic reactivity.

PMID- 6373065
TI  - An exaggerated natriuretic response to hypertonic saline infusion in the stage II
      (who stage classification) essential hypertensive patients.
AB  - We examined the natriuretic response to a hypertonic saline infusion in essential
      hypertensive patients who were subgrouped according to WHO stage classification.
      We studied 36 essential hypertensive patients and 17 normal subjects matched for
      age under the precise state of sodium balance (120 mEq sodium per day). The stage
      II essential hypertensive patients had exaggerated diuretic and natriuretic
      responses following the infusion of 525 ml of saline containing 120 mEq sodium
      for 1 hour. Our results suggest that development of essential hypertension
      induces a functional state that resembles expansion of extracellular fluid
      volume.

PMID- 6373066
TI  - Experience with ketanserin, a serotonin (S2) antagonist, in longterm treatment of
      essential hypertension.
AB  - Ketanserin ia a quinazoline derivative which acts selectively on serotonin (S2)
      receptors. The compound has been shown to possess antihypertensive properties. BP
      and HR were measured blindly on 14 patients with essential hypertension during
      one year. Ketanserin 40 mg, once or twice daily, reduced BP (and HR to a slight
      extent) largely unchanged from 14 days after initiation of therapy. Response rate
      varied from 57-77% at the regular control visits. During the one year follow up
      period the reduction in supine SBP was 9 +/- 3% (p less than 0.001) and DBP was
      12 +/- 1% (p less than 0.001). The only side effect was a slight sedation that
      passed with time. It is concluded that ketanserin is effective in the chronic
      treatment of hypertension and may offer a new alternative to existing
      pharmacotherapy.

PMID- 6373067
TI  - Surgical approaches to the nasopharynx.

PMID- 6373068
TI  - Tissue growth factors.

PMID- 6373069
TI  - Somatomedin activity in disorders of nutrition and metabolism.

PMID- 6373071
TI  - When transplantation is not the answer.
AB  - In this paper, the author emphasizes the need for thorough in-depth pre-renal
      transplant evaluation, in an effort to weed out the patients who might have
      increasing difficulties from this procedure. Patient cases are described and
      discussed.

PMID- 6373070
TI  - Clinical consequences of heterozygosity for autosomal-recessive diseases.
AB  - Heterozygotes of autosomal-recessive diseases can often be recognized by special
      heterozygote tests, since enzyme activities are normally reduced in comparison
      with the normal homozygote state. In Drosophila, the majority of recessive lethal
      mutations shows a reduction of fitness in heterozygotes, whereas in a strong
      minority fitness of heterozygotes is increased. This review will be devoted to a
      consideration of the extent to which heterozygotes for a wide variety of
      nominally recessive diseases are subject either to an increased liability for
      common diseases or slight shifts of behavioral characteristics. The available
      evidence has been collected and will be discussed in three steps: Most studies
      are available for phenylketonuria. For this group of diseases, a slight reduction
      of average--especially verbal--I.Q. in heterozygotes has been reported together
      with signs of a slightly increased cerebral irritability, a possible slight
      increase of risk for mental disease, and an increase of blood phenylalanine
      levels in stress situations. The PKU example is used to discuss methodological
      problems involved in such studies. Other conditions for which relevant deviations
      in heterozygotes are possible or even likely include among others lipid storage
      diseases, microcephaly, myoclonus epilepsy, Wilson's disease, galaktokinase
      deficiency, homocystinuria, recessive myotonia and ataxia- teleangiectasia
      (increased cancer risk). Since heterozygotes for autosomal recessive diseases are
      common, it is possible that an appreciable fraction of "multifactorial" genetic
      liabilities for common, "constitutional" or mental disease might simply be due to
      heterozygosity for genes whose homozygous affects are already well known. By the
      same token, much of the "normal" genetic variability influencing cognitive
      performance (I.Q.)--especially in the lower range--and personality
      characteristics could also be caused by recessive genes in the heterozygous
      state.

PMID- 6373072
TI  - Obstacles to the delivery of psychiatric care to transplant recipients and
      dialysis patients.
AB  - Despite treatment gains in knowledge about the psychological difficulties of
      patients with end-stage-renal disease, the psychiatric morbidity of this patient
      population remains critically high. This paper explores in detail and with
      several clinical illustrations the variety of "resistances" that stand as
      obstacles to the effective delivery of psychiatric care to transplant recipients
      and dialysis patients. These obstacles can be classified in three broad areas: 1)
      resistances posed by the ESRD patients, 2) interferences created by the medical
      staff, and 3) those resistances created by psychiatrists themselves. In addition
      to providing many examples of these resistances, this paper explores the
      underlying dynamic issues that are involved and suggests ways by which the
      delivery of psychiatric care to ESRD patients can be improved.

PMID- 6373073
TI  - Meaning as an intervening variable.
AB  - In this paper, the author emphasizes the practical importance for the internist
      of determining the underlying content of the patient's fantasies about his
      illness and its treatment. These fantasies are often the cause of the anxiety and
      depression that accompanies physical illness and may be quite divorced from the
      reality of the situation. When the particular fantasies are elicited, the
      physician will be in a position often to directly reassure the patient about
      unrealistic concerns. By communicating his understanding, the physician increases
      the power of the patient's bond to him and is in a position to substantially
      alleviate emotional distress that stems from physical illness.

PMID- 6373074
TI  - Partial removal of gutta percha and the apical seal. Literature review and
      clinical recommendations.

PMID- 6373075
TI  - Conservative replacement methods for missing teeth. Part I: anterior teeth.

PMID- 6373076
TI  - Glucose in the dialyzate does not reduce the free amino acid loss during routine
      hemodialysis of non-fasting patients.
AB  - In order to clarify the effect of dialyzate glucose on free amino acid loss
      during routine 5 hr hemodialysis (HD), 10 stable non-fasting HD patients were
      dialyzed twice using dialyzates (Na 141, K 2.5, Ca 3.5, Cl 101, Mg 1.5, Acetate
      36 mEql) with (500 mg/dl) or without glucose. Total free amino acid loss in the
      dialyzate and plasma free amino acids were measured using a liquid chromatograph
      amino acid analyzer. Total free amino acid losses into the dialyzate with and
      without glucose were 6598 +/- 482, and 6482 +/- 174 mg respectively. This is not
      statistically significant. The plasma concentration of free amino acid fell
      considerably during dialysis, but there was no significant difference between the
      two types of dialyzates used. We concluded that the addition of glucose to the
      dialyzate does not reduce the free amino acid loss during routine HD of non
      fasting patients. This result does not accord with a previous report that adding
      glucose to the dialyzate decreases the loss of free and bound amino acid during
      dialysis.

PMID- 6373077
TI  - Recurrent focal glomerulosclerosis in renal transplants.
AB  - Among 431 renal transplants in 380 patients, 4 patients were identified with
      focal glomerulosclerosis characterized by presentation with corticosteroid
      resistant nephrotic syndrome, early development of histological lesions,
      mesangial proliferation and rapid progression into chronic renal failure. After
      transplantation, all patients had early proteinuria and the 4 grafts surviving
      beyond 3 months developed recurrent glomerular lesions with severe nephrotic
      syndrome and progression to graft failure. In one patient, recurrent disease
      developed in two successive grafts. Focal glomerulosclerosis is a nonspecific
      glomerular lesion, but identification of specific clinical and pathological
      features may provide guidelines that will predict the risk of its recurrence in
      transplanted kidneys.

PMID- 6373078
TI  - Antilymphocyte globulin for the treatment of steroid non-responsive acute renal
      allograft rejection.
AB  - Antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) 30 mg/kg was administered daily i.v. for seven days
      to patients with renal transplants who were experiencing severe acute rejection
      which had failed to respond to large doses of i.v. methylprednisolone. Twenty
      eight of the thirty-three patients had already recommenced hemodialysis when the
      treatment was started. Seventeen kidney transplants recovered and sixteen of
      these continue to function four to thirty months later. Such recovery was seen
      only twice in a comparable group of patients not given ALG.

PMID- 6373079
TI  - Renal histopathology in the hemolytic-uremic syndrome following shigellosis.
AB  - The hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) following dysentery caused by S. dysenteriae
      Type 1, characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and acute renal
      insufficiency, is clinically similar but not identical to the idiopathic HUS. We
      studied renal necropsy specimens of nine children who died of HUS following
      shigellosis by light and immunofluorescent microscopy and compared them to 12
      controls: six cases with severe shigellosis without HUS, and six with pneumonia
      or sepsis. Eight of nine HUS cases showed cortical necrosis, extensive glomerular
      thrombosis or arterial thrombosis. Cases without HUS showed only scattered
      glomerular fibrin thrombin and widening of the mesangium. Among seven HUS cases
      studied by immunofluorescent microscopy, three demonstrated deposition of
      glomerular IgM and complement (C3) and one of the three had IgG and IgA as well;
      four cases had neither immunoglobulin or complement deposits. Among nine
      controls, two demonstrated IgM and three IgG, but none had C3. Both HUS and non
      HUS cases had fibrin deposition. In the three HUS cases studied by electron
      microscopy intracapillary material (fibrin and platelets) was seen in all three,
      and sparse electron-dense deposits in mesangial matrix in one. The data indicate
      that the renal histopathology in the HUS following shigellosis consistently
      presents as a severe thrombotic microangiopathy, but lacks the characteristic
      endothelial and mesangial lesions of idiopathic HUS. The infrequent demonstration
      of glomerular immunoglobulin deposition fails to support an immunoglobulin
      mediated pathogenesis.

PMID- 6373081
TI  - New plasma components.

PMID- 6373080
TI  - Transfusion support for haemoglobinopathies.
AB  - The indications and management of blood transfusion in the haemoglobinopathies
      have been reviewed. The sickle cell diseases that require transfusion support are
      sickle cell anaemia, sickle haemoglobin-C and -D diseases and sickle beta
      thalassaemia. Homozygous beta-thalassaemia (Cooley's anaemia) is the major
      problem among the thalassaemias. The pathophysiology of the sickle cell disorders
      is largely based on the secondary effects of increased blood viscosity, whereas
      in the thalassaemias the defect is ineffective haematopoiesis. In the former the
      major problems occur as manifestations of vaso-occlusive crises with disseminated
      bone and abdominal pain, priapism, stroke and leg ulcers. Bone infarction and
      aseptic necrosis occur but the widespread bone changes, underdevelopment and
      haemochromatosis that complicate the thalassaemia are not prominent. Transfusion
      therapy in the sickle cell diseases is mainly episodic and is guided by the
      frequency of crises and the severity of vaso-occlusive complications. Partial
      exchange transfusion and the maintenance of haemoglobin A concentrations at 40 to
      50 per cent is frequently indicated. In the thalassaemias, maintenance of
      haemoglobin levels is essential for normal growth and development. The problem of
      haemochromatosis is very serious. With hypertransfusion regimens the haemoglobin
      and haemotocrit are maintained above 12-13 g/dl and 35 per cent. The resulting
      benefit appears to be reduced blood volume, less iron turnover, and less
      intestinal iron absorption. The splenomegaly in these disorders is frequently
      associated with hypersplenism requiring well-timed splenectomy. Chronic and
      intensive chelation is necessary to prevent the ravages of iron overload. The
      availability of automated equipment for in vivo and ex vivo blood cell separation
      has brought new possibilities for improving the management of these
      haemoglobinopathies. It is feasible, but not as yet practical, to offer
      transfusions of neocytes (red cells with a mean age of 30 days) which have a 50
      per cent longer survival than routine red cell preparations (mean age of 60
      days). Neocytes can be prepared ex vivo from fresh routine blood donations using
      blood cell separator devices. The result is reduced transfusion requirements. A
      more recent suggestion for using the new technology is to remove the patient's
      oldest and most abnormal corpuscles on the basis of buoyant density and replacing
      them with neocytes . Thus the short-lived abnormal red cells would be removed
      before they could unload their iron. With automation it is possible to perform
      these procedures on an outpatient basis.

PMID- 6373082
TI  - Therapeutic plasma and cellular apheresis.

PMID- 6373083
TI  - Iron and blood donation.
AB  - Regular blood donors undergo a progressive decline in iron reserves, while some
      develop frank iron-deficient erythropoiesis. The prevalence of iron depletion is
      significantly higher in menstruating women and increases progressively as the
      rate of donation increases. While conventional screening programmes based on the
      haemoglobin are adequate to prevent the development of progressive iron
      deficiency anaemia, they provide no indication of the development of tissue iron
      depletion. Recent studies indicate an impairment in a number of physiological
      processes associated with iron depletion but the liabilities of mild iron
      deficiency have not been fully defined. While it would be desirable to avoid iron
      depletion in regular blood donors only a minority of the eligible population have
      been willing to provide the blood resources of the USA in the past, and many
      individuals who can maintain high rates of donation without developing iron
      deficiency anaemia would be eliminated. However, there is little doubt that
      continued efforts should be made to encourage a broader base of volunteer donors.
      Improved public awareness of the need for blood has made it possible to obtain 88
      per cent of the total supply from donors who gave blood three or less times
      during the year, and only 13.4 per cent of men and 11 per cent of women made
      three of more donations (Table 6). Further, women under 46 years of age
      constitute only 1 per cent of all donors who give four or more times during the
      year. Until clear-cut evidence is obtained of the deleterious effects of a lack
      of iron, the low prevalence of depleted iron reserves in men and non-menstruating
      women donors seems acceptable. However, current blood banking practices place a
      disproportionate iron demand on menstruating women. Because of the additional
      burden of pregnancy in this donor group, efforts to reduce the prevalence of a
      lack of iron in the child-bearing female should be encouraged. The simplest
      approach would be to limit the rate of blood donation to a maximum of three per
      year. This also is a subgroup among whom the application of more specific
      screening procedures for iron deficiency can clearly be justified. Iron
      supplementation programmes are also an attractive approach in these people who
      are likely to be highly motivated. Neither of these approaches have been
      adequately evaluated at the present time.

PMID- 6373084
TI  - Transfusion support for leukaemia and oncology patients.

PMID- 6373085
TI  - An instrument for the placement of multiple sutures for knee meniscus or ligament
      repair.
AB  - An inexpensive plastic suture guide originally developed for prosthetic valve
      insertion is useful for the placement of multiple, consecutive sutures in torn
      menisci or ligaments of the knee joint. The device is time-saving and reliable.

PMID- 6373086
TI  - Treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head by a combination of bone
      grafting, decompression, and electrical stimulation.
AB  - The goal in the treatment of avascular necrosis is to preserve, not replace, the
      femoral head. Although many methods have been proposed, none has proved
      completely satisfactory. Electrical stimulation as a supplement to bone grafting
      and decompression is an attractive approach to this problem because it combines
      the desirable features of other procedures, each of which has shown a certain
      degree of effectiveness in stimulating bone growth and repair. Preliminary
      results indicate that patients treated with decompression and grafting alone and
      those in whom electrical stimulation was added to these had better results than
      patients treated by "conservative" means. The effectiveness of the electrical
      stimulation itself, however, has not yet been established and remains an
      important area for investigation. Further improvements in delivery systems and
      techniques are required to develop better methods for the treatment of avascular
      necrosis.

PMID- 6373087
TI  - The classic. The detachment or separation of parts of the joint and related
      processes. Konrad Budinger. 1906.

PMID- 6373088
TI  - Electrical properties of bone. A review.
AB  - A review of the available data on the electrical properties (resistance,
      capacitance, dielectric constant, dielectric loss factor, and dissipation factor,
      etc.) of whole as well as standardized bone specimens suggest that impedance was
      lowest in the longitudinal direction and highest in the radial direction. This is
      further evidence of the anisotropic nature of bone. The electrical properties of
      fully hydrated bone were significantly different from those of dry and partially
      wet bone and these properties were highly frequency-dependent. Other variables
      that influence the electrical properties, such as moisture content, principles
      and methods of measurement, temperature, and pH and conductivity of the immersing
      fluid, etc., have also been reviewed. Delineation of these variables is important
      in reporting test results on the electrical properties of bone; only then can the
      data on different electrical properties of bone reported by various authors be
      compared. Future research is needed to characterize the effect of age,
      microstructure, mineral content, and various disease processes on the electrical
      properties of bone. Such information may lead to new insight on the role of
      electrical properties on bone remodeling. An understanding of the electrical
      behavior of bone is also important for the design of electrical stimulation
      devices and their proper use for maximum osteogenic effect.

PMID- 6373089
TI  - Reconstruction of the acetabular wall with bone graft in arthroplasty of the hip.
AB  - The fate of autologous bone grafts under a layer of methylmethacrylate cement,
      previously investigated in dogs, was observed in eight patients. The grafts were
      incorporated into the acetabular bone within six to ten months. Reinforcement of
      the inadequate acetabulum with autologous bone graft is necessary in order to
      withstand the long-term repetitive loading in patients with total hip
      arthroplasties. Reconstruction of the medial acetabular wall (using autologous
      bone chips), combined with fixation of the socket with methylmethacrylate, was
      successful in all eight patients with a follow-up period of two to six years.

PMID- 6373090
TI  - Acetabular component migration following traumatic total hip dislocation. A case
      report.
AB  - A 40-year-old man with a total hip arthroplasty was injured in an auto accident.
      The injury was a posterior fracture-dislocation of the total hip and produced
      migration of a dislocated acetabular prosthesis. A large hematoma extended from
      the hip to the medial aspect of the thigh. This unusual case illustrates the
      importance of obtaining serial roentgenograms for hip arthroplasties and for
      injuries of the hip joint.

PMID- 6373091
TI  - Mycotic aneurysm of the external iliac artery caused by migration of a total hip
      prosthesis.
AB  - A 77-year-old patient had a mycotic aneurysm of the left external iliac artery
      secondary to migration of a total hip prosthesis. Symptoms included pain,
      numbness, decreased hip motion, and a temperature of 38.5 degrees. The left leg
      was shortened, externally rotated, and swollen. There was anterior thigh
      hypoesthesia and quadriceps paralysis. A pulsatile mass in the lower left
      quadrant of the abdomen emitted a thrill and a loud bruit. A preoperative
      arteriogram facilitated diagnosis and planning of surgery. A transpubic
      femorofemoral bypass graft was used to reroute blood to the left lower limb,
      avoiding vascular reconstruction in the area of the aneurysm, a suspected site of
      infection. A false aneurysm was determined and was then isolated. The prosthesis
      was removed. During this operation, the acetabular component was found freely
      mobile within the false aneurysm. Cultures of the removed vascular tissue grew
      Staphylococcus epidermidis. An arteriogram should be obtained prior to operation
      for any medial intrapelvic displacement of a total hip prosthesis to diagnose the
      extent of vascular involvement. Physical examination may not reveal the aneurysm,
      but signs of neuropathy or venous thrombosis may suggest this diagnosis.

PMID- 6373092
TI  - [Peculiar patchy astrocytosis of the precentral cortex in amyotrophic lateral
      sclerosis].

PMID- 6373093
TI  - Psychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus in children and
      adolescents. A review.
AB  - The purpose of this article is to review the psychiatric conditions associated
      with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in children and adolescents. Emphasis is
      placed on clinical presentation and the differential diagnosis between organic
      psychiatric disorder, toxic psychiatric disorder, and functional psychological
      symptoms.

PMID- 6373094
TI  - Comparison between cephalexin two- and four-time per day regimens in group A
      streptococcal pharyngitis.
AB  - In previous studies, twice daily (bid) and four times daily (qid) administration
      of most antibiotics approved for group A streptococcus (GAS) pharyngitis therapy
      have been demonstrated to be equally effective. In this study, four investigators
      collaborated in a double-blind, randomized multicenter study assessing the
      efficacy of cephalexin given in doses of 1.0 g or 0.5 g daily on a bid or qid
      regimen for 10 to 14 days to 157 patients with GAS pharyngitis. The mean daily
      doses for patients on the bid and qid regimens were 30 mg/kg and 29 mg/kg,
      respectively. Pretreatment and two follow-up cultures, usually 2 to 6 and 12 to
      16 days after the end of treatment, were taken on all patients. Failure, defined
      as recurrence of the original GAS M-precipitin and T-agglutination types on
      follow-up culture, occurred in 7.3 percent of 82 patients on the bid and 5.3
      percent of 75 patients on the qid regimen. We conclude that cephalexin bid and
      qid regimens are equally effective, and that the bid regimen can be recommended
      for all antibiotics approved for GAS pharyngitis therapy.

PMID- 6373095
TI  - Nipple-areola reconstruction.
AB  - Nipple-areola reconstruction from nonspecialized tissues is presented as a
      worthwhile component of breast reconstruction. General principles are discussed,
      as are specific techniques for reconstruction of the areola and the nipple. The
      author's method is recommended as the most efficient use of local tissue for
      nipple reconstruction in the prosthetic breast, where skin and fat are both in
      short supply.

PMID- 6373096
TI  - Effect of alcohol withdrawal on blood pressure, plasma renin activity,
      aldosterone, cortisol and dopamine beta-hydroxylase.
AB  - Sixty-five alcoholic patients admitted for detoxification had blood pressure,
      withdrawal symptoms, plasma cortisol (PC) and plasma aldosterone (PA) levels,
      plasma renin activity (PRA), and serum dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) levels
      measured on the first and fourth days after admission. On the morning after
      admission blood pressure was elevated (greater than 140/90) in 32 patients (49%)
      and was 160/95 mmHg or more in 21 (32%). PRA was initially elevated in 41
      patients, PA levels in 14, and 13 patients had raised PC levels. By the fourth
      day, blood pressure and biochemical measures had fallen significantly while urine
      volume and sodium output, low on admission, had increased significantly. On
      admission urinary metanephrine levels were raised in four out of the 31 patients
      who had them measured. The height of both the systolic and diastolic blood
      pressures was significantly related to the severity of the alcohol withdrawal
      symptoms. Of the biochemical parameters measured, PC level correlated with
      systolic but not diastolic pressure, and urinary volume was inversely correlated
      with the height of the diastolic pressure. No relationship was found between
      blood pressure and PRA or PA level. The pressor effect of alcohol withdrawal
      could be due to sympathetic nervous system overactivity, or possibly to
      hypercortisolaemia . The first hypothesis seems more likely.

PMID- 6373097
TI  - Methacholine dose-response curves in normal and asthmatic man: effect of starting
      conductance and pharmacological antagonism.
AB  - The bronchial response of 11 normal and ten stable asthmatic subjects to
      increasing concentrations of methacholine aerosol was assessed by serial
      measurements of specific airways conductance (sGaw) in a body plethysmograph.
      Cumulative log dose-response curves were constructed. The threshold provocative
      dose of methacholine needed to cause a 35% fall in starting sGaw ( PD35 ) and the
      steepest slope of the response were measured from each curve. On separate days
      subjects were premedicated with 0.9% NaCl solution (control) in duplicate,
      chlorpheniramine, salbutamol and atropine, the last-named at two different doses,
      one twice the other. Asthmatic subjects had a lower mean PD35 and a lower mean
      slope than normal subjects. Pretreatment with salbutamol resulted in a greater
      increase in sGaw than after atropine but caused a smaller increase in PD35 in
      both groups. There was a dose-dependent increase in PD35 after the two doses of
      atropine, but no significant difference in bronchodilatation between doses. Mean
      steepest slope approximately doubled in these three sets of challenges.
      Chlorpheniramine caused a small degree of bronchodilatation and there was a non
      significant increase in mean PD35 and in mean steepest slope in both normal and
      asthmatic groups. There was a positive linear correlation between starting sGaw
      and steepest slope in each group of premedicated challenges, such that when sGaw
      was high, either spontaneously or due to bronchodilatation, the slope was
      steeper. We conclude that increases in PD35 to methacholine after antagonist
      drugs are predominantly the result of pharmacological antagonism.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6373098
TI  - Powder papers for oral captopril.

PMID- 6373099
TI  - Hepatic toxicity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
AB  - The hepatic toxicity associated with the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
      drugs (NSAIDs) is reviewed. NSAIDs include agents in more than 10 classes of
      compounds, many of which are capable of producing hepatic injury. When NSAIDs are
      used to treat rheumatic disease, the hepatic effects of the disease itself may
      complicate the diagnosis of NSAID-induced hepatic injury. Hepatotoxicity caused
      by drugs may be either intrinsic or idiosyncratic in nature and may be manifested
      by hepatocellular injury, cholestasis, or a combination of both types of injury.
      Intrinsic hepatotoxins, such as salicylates, produce injury in a large percentage
      of exposed individuals that is often dose related and occurs after a short, fixed
      latent period. Idiosyncratic injury, such as that caused by sulindac, occurs in
      unusually susceptible persons, usually after a variable latent period. Injury is
      not dose related. In most cases of hepatocellular injury, the prognosis of those
      patients who survive the acute phase of injury is good. Fatalities rarely result
      from cholestatic injury. Monitoring of serum hepatic-enzyme concentrations is
      recommended for patients receiving NSAIDs from the indole, pyrazolone, and
      propionic acid classes since these agents have been associated with the greatest
      incidence of adverse hepatic reactions. Enzyme monitoring is advisable for high
      risk individuals receiving NSAIDs from other classes. Enhance vigilance on the
      part of clinicians, patients, and pharmaceutical manufacturers is needed to
      reduce the incidence of hepatotoxicity associated with the use of NSAIDs.

PMID- 6373100
TI  - Classification, mechanisms, and management of headache.
AB  - Classification, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and therapy of migraine, cluster,
      and muscle-contraction (tension) headaches are reviewed. Migraine headache is
      related to vasomotor changes and is often preceded or accompanied by neurologic
      symptoms, nausea, and vomiting. Ergot alkaloids are used in acute migraine
      episodes; products containing caffeine are sometimes used for synergy. Other
      agents including antiemetic and sedative drugs and a combination product
      containing isometheptene mucate , dichloralphenazone , and acetaminophen have
      been used. Methysergide is the drug of choice for migraine prophylaxis. Of all
      patients with cluster headache, 90% experience episodes that occur in series
      separated by intervals as short as one week or as long as 25 years, and the
      remaining 10% have chronic headache. Pain is unilateral, nausea and vomiting are
      rare, and there is no aura. Pathophysiology is thought to be similar to that of
      migraine. Supportive treatment includes drug therapy to improve sleep and
      avoidance of alcohol and vasodilating agents. Aerosol ergot preparations may be
      effective for treatment of acute episodes . Prednisone has been used both as an
      abortive agent and for prophylaxis, while ergotamine, methysergide, and lithium
      have been tried prophylactically. Chronic tension headache is a constant, tight,
      pressing, or bandlike sensation in the frontal, temporal, or occipital area that
      occurs daily. The deep, steady ache differs from the throbbing sensation of
      vascular headache. Constant overcontraction of scalp muscles may be a cause.
      Heat, massage, and stretching are used to alleviate excess muscle contraction.
      Tension headache has been treated with analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
      agents, muscle relaxants, and amitriptyline. Drug treatment of headache must be
      based on headache type and tailored to individual response. Bio-feedback may be
      useful in some patients when combined with drugs.

PMID- 6373101
TI  - Pathogenesis and treatment of enterococcal infections.
AB  - The pathogenesis and treatment of enterococcal infections are reviewed.
      Bactericidal activity is needed for treatment of endocarditis and meningitis, but
      penicillin and even vancomycin are not reliably bactericidal for enterococci. An
      aminoglycoside can be added for synergy, but enterococcal resistance to
      aminoglycosides is increasing. Urinary-tract infections are the most common
      source of enterococcal bacteremia and subsequent endocarditis. Enterococcal
      meningitis tends to occur in patients with history of urinary-tract disease,
      anatomic defects of the central nervous system, previous neurological procedures,
      or enterococcal endocarditis. The pathogenic potential of enterococci in
      abdominal infections is unclear. An increased incidence of enterococcal
      infections is associated with growing use of broad-spectrum antibiotics,
      particularly cephalosporins. Enterococci are susceptible to most penicillins
      except the antistaphylococcal agents, and urinary-tract infection is easily
      treated with a penicillin alone. For treatment of endocarditis and meningitis, a
      penicillin plus an aminoglycoside (such as streptomycin or gentamicin) must be
      used. In penicillin-allergic patients, vancomycin, preferably with an
      aminoglycoside, is the drug of choice. Cephalosporins, including all third
      generation agents, have little or no activity against enterococci.

PMID- 6373102
TI  - Antiemetic efficacy of prochlorperazine, haloperidol, and droperidol in cisplatin
      induced emesis.
AB  - The antiemetic efficacy of haloperidol, droperidol, and prochlorperazine in
      preventing cisplatin-induced emesis was evaluated. Twenty-seven patients
      receiving 51 courses of cisplatin chemotherapy randomly received antiemetic
      treatment with prochlorperazine (6 mg/sq m), droperidol (1 mg/sq m), or
      haloperidol (1 mg/sq m) in a double-blind crossover study. Antiemetics were given
      by intramuscular injection one hour before beginning cisplatin and every three
      hours thereafter for a total of six doses. The number of emetic episodes, volume
      of emesis, and duration of the emetic episodes were monitored by oncology nurses.
      There were no significant differences in the median number of emetic episodes
      among antiemetic treatments: 3.5 for prochlorperazine, 4.0 for haloperidol, and
      3.0 for droperidol. There were also no significant differences among the
      antiemetics in the median volume of emesis or the median duration of the emetic
      episodes. At the doses used in this study, the antiemetic efficacy of
      prochlorperazine, droperidol, and haloperidol appear to be comparable for
      patients receiving cisplatin chemotherapy.

PMID- 6373103
TI  - Plasma volumes, noradrenaline levels and renin activity during posture changes in
      end-stage renal failure.
AB  - In nine normal subjects and nine patients with end-stage chronic renal failure
      (CRF) we studied the effect of prolonged (110 min) postural changes on the plasma
      volume, intrathoracic volume, plasma noradrenaline concentration, haemodynamic
      variables, and plasma renin activity (PRA). Upon standing, plasma volume
      decreased rapidly by about 11% in both groups as measured from the control volume
      and changes in haematocrit. This was accompanied by identical increments of
      plasma colloid osmotic pressure. The changes in intrathoracic volume (monitored
      by measurement of the electrical impedance of the thorax), as well as the
      alterations in plasma noradrenaline, blood pressure, and heart rate, were also
      comparable in the two groups. These similarities were in contrast with divergent
      responses of PRA. The increase in PRA on standing was significantly blunted in
      the CRF patients compared with the normal response (to 1.4 +/- 0.4 fold of the
      supine value in CRF v. 6.0 +/- 3.2 fold in the normals, P less than 0.0004). It
      is concluded that the attenuated increase in PRA upon standing in patients with
      CRF is not a consequence of diminished sympathetic stimulation or an altered
      response of the intravascular volume. Second, the unabated decrease in plasma
      volume upon standing pleads against a decrease of tissue compliance in CRF.

PMID- 6373104
TI  - Studies on color analysis of dental porcelains. II. Effect of covering non
      precious alloys with opaque porcelain materials.

PMID- 6373105
TI  - A multivariate analysis of mechanical factors influencing the accuracy of dental
      castings.

PMID- 6373106
TI  - State analysis of iron oxides formed on gold alloys for porcelain-metal bonding
      by an X-ray microanalyzer.

PMID- 6373107
TI  - An application of pure titanium to the metal porcelain system.

PMID- 6373108
TI  - The structure and function of myoblast adherons.

PMID- 6373109
TI  - Do monoclonal antibodies stain sets of functionally related leech neurons?

PMID- 6373110
TI  - Neurofilaments, a subclass of intermediate filaments: structure and expression.

PMID- 6373111
TI  - Cell-surface molecules that characterize different stages in the development of
      cerebellar interneurons.

PMID- 6373112
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies that label discrete cell types in the mammalian nervous
      system.

PMID- 6373113
TI  - Therapeutic uses of androgenic agents.

PMID- 6373114
TI  - The management of the diabetic patient with renal disease.

PMID- 6373116
TI  - The use of monoclonal antibodies in skin basement membrane research.
AB  - Recent experiments have indicated that it is possible to uncover new antigens
      within both the basement membrane zone and the epidermis of normal adult human
      skin by producing murine anti-human monoclonal antibodies following immunization
      with human skin preparations. Already one such monoclonal antibody has defined a
      biochemical defect that may be important in the pathogenesis of one of the more
      severe blistering skin diseases, dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. It is likely
      that further attempts at hybridoma production using basement membrane extracts of
      skin will lead not only to the identification of other as yet unknown components
      of the human dermo-epidermal junction, but may also shed insight into the
      biochemical basis of one or more cutaneous diseases involving that region of the
      skin.

PMID- 6373115
TI  - Autoimmune thyroid disease: an integrated concept of Graves' and Hashimoto's
      diseases.
AB  - Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis have been previously considered
      separate clinical and pathologic entities. Current knowledge of the autoimmune
      cause of specific systemic syndromes has been applied to these seemingly
      dissimilar diseases and now permit evolution of a unified integrated concept for
      considering them as two subsets of a single pathologic process. Experimental and
      clinical data now support the thesis that autoimmune thyroid disease is a
      genetically conditioned immunologic dysfunction, perhaps an abnormality of
      suppressor lymphocytes that results in production of humoral and tissue
      antibodies directed against thyroid gland cells and receptors of other somatic
      tissues. Thyroid autoantibodies possess hormonally stimulatory qualities and
      cytotoxic (inflammatory or destructive) properties. They may be present singly or
      together in the same individual with resulting diverse clinical and biochemical
      patterns depending upon the predominance or concordance of specific antibodies.
      Further, antibodies in autoimmune thyroid disease may be directed against other
      somatic structures such as ocular muscle, skin, hair, pigment cells, hematologic
      organs, or other endocrine glands. The immune etiology appears to predispose to
      nonendocrine systemic autoimmune disorders that coincide with thyroid disease. It
      is not clear at this time how genetic factors influence the onset, course, or
      ultimate outcome of autoimmune thyroid disease or why certain associated
      immunopathies tend to cluster with one or the other of these syndromes. Our
      understanding of the immune etiology common to Graves' and Hashimoto's diseases
      permits a more precise definition of the terms hyperthyroidism and
      thyrotoxicosis, the former denoting a pathologic goitrous phenomenon and the
      latter, a peripheral tissue manifestation of cellular receptor site excess of
      thyroid hormones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6373117
TI  - Secretion of elastin in the embryonic chick aorta as visualized by immunoelectron
      microscopy.
AB  - Recently, significant advances have been made in characterizing the pathway of
      elastin biosynthesis from the biochemical point of view and a 70,000 dalton
      protein, designated tropoelastin, appears to be the primary translation product
      and soluble intermediate of the insoluble elastin. However, relatively little is
      known concerning the intracellular secretory pathway of tropoelastin. We
      previously developed an electron microscopic technique using elastin-specific
      antibody and ferritin-conjugated secondary antibody to identify intracellular
      elastin and to identify, provisionally, intracellular vesicles containing elastin
      ( Damiano et al., Conn. Tiss . Res. 8: 185-188, 1981). However, the method did
      not permit localization of elastin in other intracellular organelles. We now
      describe an improved post-embedding technique using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase
      method to detect the primary elastin antibody and have localized elastin in both
      the endothelial and medial cells of the embryonic chick aorta. Specific staining
      was visualized in the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum, in the Golgi
      apparatus, and in vesicles forming on the trans side of the Golgi. Some of these
      smaller vesicles appeared to fuse, forming larger vesicles which may have a
      storage function. Both types of vesicles were seen fusing with the cell plasma
      membrane, suggesting that elastin is secreted by an exocytotic process. These
      results suggest that tropoelastin follows the classical pathway for protein
      secretion.

PMID- 6373118
TI  - Selective effects of secretagogues on insulin secretion: a mathematical model.
AB  - A mathematical model of the secretion of insulin from pancreatic islets of
      Langerhans is proposed. Previously proposed mathematical models of insulin
      secretion have dealt solely with glucose-stimulated release, and not with the
      more complex patterns of secretion (such as "off-responses") in response to other
      secretagogues or combinations of secretagogues. We conclude that an off-response
      is consistent with a compartmental model; and the facilitating effect of a
      constant concentration of glucose on leucine-stimulated insulin secretion is
      consistent with a selective effect of glucose on a single compartment of the
      model.

PMID- 6373120
TI  - [Introductory notes on lying-in institutions. (5)].

PMID- 6373119
TI  - NMR in medicine.
AB  - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) offers a powerful new probe of the body's
      internal anatomy and function. The technique utilizes a combination of static and
      radio frequency (RF) magnetic fields to excite a weak resonant magnetic field
      emission from various selected naturally abundant nuclei in the body such as
      hydrogen (1H), phosphorus (31P) and carbon (13C). The emissions can be spatially
      encoded by application of magnetic field gradients, to enable the generation of
      high resolution anatomical images which reflect the nuclear density distribution,
      and/or spatial variations in the molecular level and chemical environments of the
      nuclei as measured by the NMR relaxation times and chemical shifts. 1H NMR
      relaxation time images are proving useful for the detection of a wide spectrum of
      disorders, whilst spatially localized 31P and 13C NMR chemical shift spectra
      measure directly the metabolic status of living tissue. A qualitative explanation
      of NMR, NMR imaging, relaxation times, and chemical shifts is presented, and the
      historical development, future of the technology, and its range of applications
      explored.

PMID- 6373121
TI  - Complete denture impressions. Part II. Techniques.

PMID- 6373122
TI  - Gingival grafting for deep-wide recession--a status report. Part II. Surgical
      procedures.

PMID- 6373123
TI  - Design considerations for a removable partial overdenture.

PMID- 6373124
TI  - Management of an intrabony defect using osseous coagulum from a lingual torus.

PMID- 6373126
TI  - Liver transplantation. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development.

PMID- 6373125
TI  - Mucogingival considerations prior to replacement of removable partial prostheses.

PMID- 6373127
TI  - Scurvy: a contemporary historical perspective (3).

PMID- 6373128
TI  - Indications and methods of measurement of intracranial pressure.

PMID- 6373129
TI  - Thoracic outlet syndrome: ten years later.

PMID- 6373130
TI  - Important advances in clinical medicine.

PMID- 6373131
TI  - The origins of anesthesia.

PMID- 6373132
TI  - Reflections from the Dean's Office. The solution problem.

PMID- 6373133
TI  - Elastolysis of insoluble elastin.
AB  - We developed an assay for measurement of elastolytic activity using insoluble 3H
      labelled particulate elastin adherent to plastic that is capable of detecting 150
      picograms of pancreatic elastase. This equals or exceeds the sensitivity of the
      most sensitive previously reported systems, without requiring sodium dodecyl
      sulfate treatment of the elastin. Elastin digestion is dependent upon substrate
      and elastase concentration, but is not linearly related to time. This is
      partially attributable to elastase denaturation or autolysis under the assay
      conditions. The assay could easily detect elastase secreted by either peritoneal
      or alveolar macrophages. Compared to previously described assays using substrates
      that closely resemble the physiologic substrate, this represents a considerable
      increase of sensitivity of detection of elastolytic activity of enzymes.

PMID- 6373134
TI  - Use of LHRH agonists and antagonists in male contraception: a review.
AB  - Agonists and antagonists of LHRH have been shown to inhibit testicular function
      in animals and are considered to offer potential for nonsteroidal contraception.
      In men, they offer one of the few promising approaches to reversible suppression
      of spermatogenesis. They do, however, also depress testosterone synthesis, thus
      causing loss of libido, necessitating the administration of supplemental
      androgens.

PMID- 6373135
TI  - Clinical value of endomyocardial biopsy.
AB  - Principles of right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy technique and the authors'
      experiences with application of this method in 127 patients with different
      cardiopathies are presented, and the main spheres of the application of this
      method in clinical cardiology are specified. Its contribution to clinical
      diagnosis of cardiopathies can according to its importance be arranged in the
      following order: diagnosis of rejection reaction of a transplanted heart and
      evaluation of the efficiency of anti-rejection treatment; diagnosis of diffuse
      specific diseases of cardiac tissue, and as yet not fully clarified diagnostic
      contribution in cardiomyopathies and other heart diseases.

PMID- 6373136
TI  - [Hemodynamic changes in pulmonary embolism induced by bone marrow in the dog].
AB  - Embolisation with allogenic bone marrow administered into the femoral vein was
      performed in 12 dogs, anaesthetized and heparinized. The ECG and ventricular,
      aortic and pulmonary artery pressures were recorded by catheterization. From
      these the following parameters were calculated: cardiac output (CO), by
      thermodilution; modified cardiac index (CO/M); systolic cardiac index (CO/M/F);
      work performance of right and left ventricle (Wr, W1); ejection indices of right
      and left ventricle (Wr/M/F, W1/M/F); first derivative of left ventricular
      pressure (dp/dt) max and the total pulmonary (TPR) and systemic (TSR) resistance.
      All parameters were studied also in 12 control ( nonembolized ) dogs. The most
      significant haemodynamic changes found in the embolized group were as follows: 1)
      a lowering of the end-diastolic pressure in the left ventricle, of the W1 and
      W1/M/F, of the Wr with a slight augmentation in the 15th min after embolisation,
      Wr/M/F and CO/M/F; 2) a rise in heart rate, an augmentation of TPR during the
      first minutes of the experiment, and of TSR at the end of the experiment.

PMID- 6373137
TI  - Brief description of the Coronary Drug Project and other studies.

PMID- 6373138
TI  - The biomechanics of spinal injuries.
AB  - This manuscript is directed to review the epidemiology of spinal trauma, the
      anatomy of the vertebral column, spinal ligaments, muscles, motion of the spine
      and spinal cord. Because little information is available on the material
      properties of ligaments and the components of the vertebral column, this material
      is also included. A review of the experimental spinal cord injury models is given
      because of the concerted interest in this area today. Laboratory studies
      conducted in animals to develop typical spinal cord injury models and the
      corresponding alterations in perfusion and metabolic pathways, forces, and
      changes in the evoked potentials are discussed. Light and electron microscopy
      evaluations of the spinal cord are also treated. Clinical classifications of
      spinal injuries, pathology, and typical examples of upper cervical injuries,
      atlanto-axial disc locations and fractures, lower cervical spine injuries,
      injuries to thoracolumbar column with mathematical models, and typical force
      levels are given. The final section, investigation examples, provides a review of
      typical spinal injuries associated with sports injuries, motorcycle helmets,
      industrial helmets, and swimming pools investigated in our laboratories and by
      those of others. With lumped parameter mathematical model which predicts cervical
      compression, force, the various energies encountered in a one-dimensional impact
      is given. Typical examples of studies conducted on football helmets, motorcycle
      helmets, and industrial helmets are also included. Because of the importance of
      crash dummies used in the analysis of spinal injuries, a separate appendix is
      included, as well as an appendix reviewing motorcycle standards which are often
      dispersed throughout the literature. Considerable emphasis is placed upon actual
      experimental values of force and energy measured in the living animal and the
      most recent studies conducted in the fresh human cadaver to delineate the
      biomechanical mechanisms of spinal injury.

PMID- 6373139
TI  - Synthetic peptide substrates in hemostatic testing.
AB  - Since the introduction of synthetic chromogenic and fluorogenic peptide
      substrates from serine proteases, the testing of coagulation has undergone a
      dramatic conceptual and methodological change. The concept of coagulation
      profiling has emerged and automated methodologies are being introduced. Synthetic
      substrate methods for the evaluation of antithrombin-III; progressive
      antithrombin; plasminogen; antiplasmin; prekallikrein; antikallikrein ; alpha 1
      antitrypsin; prothrombin; heparin; platelet factor IV; urokinase; tissue
      activator of plasminogen; factor assays; amidolytic equivalents of prothrombin
      time; and partial thromboplastin time have been developed. Studies on
      antithrombin-III indicate that immunological methods evaluate the total
      immunoreactive-antithrombin-III (antigenic) level and do not discriminate between
      functionally active forms and the AT-III serine protease complex. The clinical
      significance of AT-III measured by immunological methods is highly questionable.
      The coagulant assays for the measurement of AT-III require purified alpha
      thrombin preparations. The noncoagulant forms of thrombin (beta- and gamma-)
      result in falsely low antithrombin-III quantitation. The molecular heterogeneity
      in a given thrombin preparation if standardized in terms of its amidolytic
      activity does not produce any errors in the quantitation of AT-III levels with
      synthetic peptide methods. None of the immunological methods provide clinically
      relevant information except in normal plasma where the immunological and
      functional activities are identical. Analysis of pathologic plasma samples using
      laser nephelometry, radial immunodiffusion and radioimmunoassay methods revealed
      that the functional activity of various serine protease inhibitors is greatly
      reduced but the reduction in the immunological quantities is minimal. Since
      coagulation proteins are functional, a ratio between their functional activity
      and absolute protein levels may be a useful parameter. Employing human and bovine
      thrombin; bovine and human Xa with their respective substrates, the absolute
      quantitation of heparin is satisfactorily carried out, however, these assays only
      measure heparin concentrations and do not reflect the overall anticoagulant
      effect of heparin. Using the synthetic substrates, the value of measuring
      absolute concentrations of heparin in a patient on heparin therapy is
      questionable. With the introduction of fluorogenic substrates, the presence of
      activated coagulation factors may be demonstrated in patients with thrombotic
      disorders.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6373140
TI  - Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation now has an established place in the
      treatment of severe aplastic anemia and acute leukemia. Major problems to be
      overcome in transplantation in patients with aplastic anemia are marrow graft
      rejection and graft vs. host disease. Results are better in younger patients and
      in patients who have not been previously transfused. Newer approaches to the
      control of graft vs. host disease, for example total lymphoid irradiation and the
      immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporin A, hold promise for future progress. In
      patients with acute leukemia, the major clinical problems are early infections,
      recurrent leukemia, graft vs. host disease, and interstitial pneumonia. Both
      ultra-isolation and prophylactic granulocyte transfusions are able to decrease
      the incidence of early infections. Attempts to intensify the conditioning regimen
      have failed to decrease the incidence of recurrent leukemia, but transplantation
      earlier in the course of disease, particularly in patients with acute,
      nonlymphoblastic leukemia in first remission, have decreased the incidence of
      recurrent leukemia. Both acute and chronic forms of graft vs. host disease have
      been recognized. Acute graft vs. host disease continues to be a significant
      clinical problem, in spite of the use of Cyclosporin A. Chronic graft vs. host
      disease is being recognized earlier and treated successfully with
      immunosuppressive agents. Interstitial pneumonia, primarily secondary to
      cytomegalovirus, remains the major cause of death post-transplantation. In spite
      of these problems, however, patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia in
      first remission have a 60% likelihood of remaining alive, free of disease
      following allogeneic marrow transplantation from an HLA identical sibling.
      Patients with acute leukemia who have relapsed who undergo allogeneic marrow
      transplantation have a longer survival than patients treated with conventional
      chemotherapy and even patients in relapse have a significant likelihood of cure
      following high-dose chemoradiotherapy and allogeneic marrow transplantation.

PMID- 6373141
TI  - Iron overload disorders: natural history, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy.
AB  - Hemochromatosis is a syndrome which, when fully expressed, is manifested by
      melanoderma , diabetes mellitus, and liver cirrhosis, with iron overload
      involving parenchymal and reticuloendothelial cells in many organ systems. This
      clinical presentation may arise as a consequence of either hereditary or acquired
      abnormalities of iron overload, although the mechanisms are quite different. In
      hereditary hemochromatosis (also known as primary, or idiopathic,
      hemochromatosis), increased intestinal iron absorption leads to excessive
      accumulations of iron, throughout the body, particularly in parenchymal cells. In
      secondary forms of iron overload including transfusional hemosiderosis, alcoholic
      cirrhosis, thalassemia, sideroblastic anemia, and porphyria cutanea tarda, iron
      accumulates in the reticuloendothelial system initially, but with increasing
      amounts of total body iron, excessive iron deposits eventually accumulate in
      parenchymal cells throughout the body producing a picture indistinguishable from
      hereditary hemochromatosis. In this article, the course, prognosis, and therapy
      of iron overload will be reviewed in detail. Clinical and experimental data
      concerning the pathogenesis of the different forms of iron overload will be
      examined critically. In particular, information relating to possible
      abnormalities of reticuloendothelial function, intestinal mucosal iron transport,
      and alterations in serum and tissue isoferritin patterns in hereditary
      hemochromatosis will be analyzed, and possible directions for future research
      will be suggested. The mode of inheritance and linkage with the major
      histocompatibility (HLA) complex will be discussed. Theories on the pathogenesis
      of tissue damage by excess iron will be evaluated. Methods for measuring the
      extent of iron overload in clinical practice will be described, including
      measurements of serum iron, serum ferritin, iron absorption, cobalt excretion,
      desferrioxamine excretion, liver biopsy and tissue iron determinations, and HLA
      typing. Finally, unresolved problems in the understanding of the disease process,
      diagnosis, and therapy will be delineated.

PMID- 6373142
TI  - C-peptide measurement: methods and clinical utility.
AB  - Proinsulin is the single chain precursor of insulin. It consists of insulin, plus
      a peptide which connects the A and B chains of insulin. This peptide is termed C
      peptide. C-peptide an insulin are secreted in equimolar amounts from pancreatic
      beta-cells, Hence, circulating C-peptide levels provide a measure of beta-cell
      secretory activity. C-peptide measurements are preferable to insulin measurements
      because of lack of hepatic extraction, slower metabolic clearance rate, and lack
      of cross reactivity with antibodies to insulin. This article reviews the methods
      for determination of C-peptide levels in body fluids, and discusses the
      applications of C-peptide measurement. These include the investigation of
      hypoglycemia and the assessment of insulin secretory function in insulin-treated
      and non-insulin-dependent diabetics. The contribution of C-peptide measurement to
      the understanding of the interrelationships between insulin secretory function
      and age, sex, obesity, blood lipids, and blood glucose concentrations will also
      be evaluated.

PMID- 6373143
TI  - Pregnancy tests: evaluation of current status.
AB  - During the past 2 decades, laboratorians have observed many changes in pregnancy
      tests, which are generally defined as procedures designed to detect elevated
      levels of hCG in urine and/or serum. The original tests were animal assays in
      which biologic changes were observed following the injection of urine. The
      currently most widely utilized tests are slide and tube tests, including some of
      with beta-subunit specificity, in which urine hCG is detected by immunologic
      antigen-antibody reactions. Finally, in some settings there has been increased
      testing for hCG by radioreceptor assays based on the binding of hCG to plasma
      membrane receptor sites and qualitative radioimmunoassay utilizing classic
      competitive binding techniques. This review compares the relative advantages and
      disadvantages of these procedures in regard to diagnostic effectiveness,
      sensitivity, specificity, cost variables, and technical requirements.

PMID- 6373144
TI  - The significance of complement in immunohematology.
AB  - In vitro detection of red cell-bound complement can be important in the
      differential diagnosis of autoimmune and drug-induced immune hemolytic anemias;
      it can also be a sensitive test for the detection of complement-binding
      alloantibodies, e.g., in compatibility testing. Red cell-bound complement can be
      detected by the antiglobulin test if suitable antiglobulin sera (AGS) are
      utilized. In 1971, the Federal Standards for AGS were criticized because so
      called broad spectrum AGS used routinely in blood banks were shown to often be
      deficient in anticomplement reactivity. In the new few years commercial regents
      changed with regard to the quantity and specificity of their anticomplement
      components. A great deal of controversy developed as to the true importance of
      detecting red cell-bound complement, the particular fragments of complement that
      should be detected, and the causes of nonspecific reactions that seemed to be
      occurring, especially with the increasing usage of new techniques utilizing low
      ionic strength media. When monospecific anti-IgG and anti-C3 became available
      commercially, the controversy regarding diagnostic testing was resolved as direct
      antiglobulin testing could be performed with these reagents rather than the broad
      spectrum reagents. Two main questions remained: how rare are alloantibodies that
      are only detectable by the anticomplement component of AGS? How clinically
      significant are such antibodies? The results of our 3-year study indicated that
      such antibodies (usually anti-Kidd) occurred with a incidence of 1/8000 sera
      tested. Some of these antibodies seemed capable of shortening the life span of
      transfused red cells, as determined by 51Cr survival studies; some showed
      negligible cell destruction. Severe transfusion reactions due to such antibodies
      would seem unlikely. Individual laboratories will have to balance the risk of
      missing some complement-dependent antibodies of possible clinical significance
      with the increased nonspecificity encountered in their own laboratory with AGS
      containing anticomplement.

PMID- 6373145
TI  - The enzymology of skeletal muscle disorders.
AB  - In myopathic disorders, abnormal serum enzyme activities are seen primarily in
      diseases of skeletal muscle where the condition involves the muscle fibers
      themselves. In denervation myopathies, serum enzyme activities are usually
      normal. The most dramatic increases of serum enzymes, particularly creatine
      kinase, are found in the dystrophic diseases, particularly Duchenne dystrophy. A
      review is given here of the many causes of abnormal serum enzyme activities where
      the source of enzymes is believed to be skeletal muscle. These include the
      dystrophies, various types of trauma, exercise, drug- and poison-induced causes
      including alcohol, malignant hyperthermia, inflammatory diseases, and
      miscellaneous causes. Tissue and serum activities are summarized for the commonly
      performed serum enzymes, i.e., CK, LD, AST, and aldolase. An extensive tabular
      and current description of the various types of dystrophies is given along with
      serum CK and pyruvate kinase activities.

PMID- 6373146
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of human thyrotropin: analytical and clinical developments.
AB  - Recent modifications of the radioimmunoassay systems for TSH have greatly
      extended the clinical utility of the measurement of this hormone, so that its use
      is no longer limited to the diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism. The newer assays
      provide improved sensitivity and specificity, such that it is now possible to
      distinguish TSH levels that are within the normal range from those that are
      suppressed, e.g., in thyrotoxicosis. New vistas of clinical applications are
      being revealed as we improve our understanding of human thyroid physiology and
      pathophysiology. It is the purpose of this communication to summarize information
      about the improved TSH radioimmunoassay, to demonstrate the new observations
      available regarding TSH concentrations in various normal and diseased conditions,
      and finally, to illustrate the various ways in which the assay provides more
      accurate guidance in the clinical diagnosis and management of thyroid and
      nonthyroid disease.

PMID- 6373147
TI  - Pulmonary interstitial emphysema in the premature baboon with hyaline membrane
      disease.
AB  - During experiments designed to develop an appropriate ventilatory strategy for
      high-frequency ventilation (HFV) in the premature baboon with hyaline membrane
      disease (HMD), we observed the development of pulmonary interstitial emphysema
      (PIE). Four study groups of 5 animals each received positive-pressure ventilation
      and positive end-expiratory pressure (PPV/PEEP) or HFV and 1 of 3 sighing
      techniques. Pathologically, all animals ventilated with PPV/PEEP or HFV with a
      carefully controlled intermittent sigh developed dilatation of the distal
      conducting airway and alveolar duct, with poorly expanded pulmonary saccules. The
      imposition of a sigh with inappropriate timing or excessive volume ruptured the
      dilated airway walls and caused interstitial air to accumulate. This was evident
      from the location of striking dilation of the distal airways and pseudocysts in
      areas of atelectasis. Thus, early in the course of HMD when saccular aeration is
      minimal, the pathogenesis of PIE is related to airway rather than alveolar
      rupture.

PMID- 6373148
TI  - The intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts in surgical jaundice: radiological
      evaluation and therapeutic implications.
AB  - Many invasive and noninvasive imaging modalities are available to image the
      biliary tract in suspected surgical jaundice. Technical advances in existing
      techniques and development of new techniques allow biliary obstruction to be
      detected in its earliest stages. Criteria for the presence of biliary obstruction
      include anatomic visualization and measurement of both the intrahepatic and
      extrahepatic portions of the biliary tree. These criteria will be reviewed and
      potential diagnostic pitfalls discussed. Anicteric dilatation, disparate
      dilatation, and segmental obstruction of the biliary tract will be discussed as
      these entities pose a diagnostic as well as therapeutic challenge. The newer
      endoscopic and percutaneous interventional techniques will be considered and
      placed in perspective.

PMID- 6373149
TI  - Ultrasonic evaluation of the infant head.
AB  - Prior to the late 1970s, ultrasonic examination of the intracranial contents in
      infants and young children was limited to A-mode presentations. With the advent
      of the Octoson and of sector-format real-time ultrasonic instruments, two
      dimensional imaging of infant heads became a reality. Resolution and image
      display is equal to that obtained with computerized tomography and in some cases
      appears to be superior. The technique is now in widespread use, particularly in
      centers with neonatal intensive care units. Its non-invasive, rapid nature makes
      ultrasonographic examination the procedure of choice. Sedation is not necessary.
      The diagnostic uses of ultrasound in evaluating intracranial pathology range from
      evaluation of response to ventriculo-peritoneal shunting in hydrocephalic
      patients to initial diagnosis of germinal matrix hemorrhage, neoplasms, and
      congenital malformations.

PMID- 6373150
TI  - Inhibitors of urease as chemotherapeutic agents.

PMID- 6373151
TI  - The utilization of inorganic and organic phosphorus compounds as nutrients by
      eukaryotic microalgae: a multidisciplinary perspective. Part 2.

PMID- 6373152
TI  - A double-blind, parallel trial of oxaprozin versus naproxen in the treatment of
      osteoarthritis.
AB  - A double-blind trial was carried out in 24 patients with osteoarthritis of the
      knee or hip to compare the efficacy and tolerance of oxaprozin with that of
      naproxen. Patients were assigned at random to receive fixed doses of either 1200
      mg oxaprozin once daily or 250 mg naproxen 3-times daily over a period of 8
      weeks. Assessments made on entry and after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment showed that
      in the oxaprozin group there were significant mean decreases, indicating
      improvement in patient's condition, with respect to observer's opinion, patient's
      opinion, pain intensity and activity impairment at both on-therapy visits. In the
      naproxen group, there were significant mean decreases with respect to observer's
      opinion, patient's opinion, pain intensity and time to walk 15 metres. None of
      the mean differences between the groups was statistically significant. Adverse
      effects were reported for 3 of the 12 oxaprozin patients and 6 of the 12 naproxen
      patients. The specific adverse effects noted for more than 1 patient were
      diarrhoea for oxaprozin and dyspepsia for naproxen. No difference between the
      groups was statistically significant from this point of view. Laboratory
      determinations showed no toxicity in either group. It is concluded that once
      daily oxaprozin is an effective and well-tolerated form of treatment for
      osteoarthritis, equivalent to naproxen given 3-times daily.

PMID- 6373153
TI  - Clinical trial of microcrystalline hydroxyapatite compound ('Ossopan') in the
      prevention of osteoporosis due to corticosteroid therapy.
AB  - A controlled clinical trial was carried out in 40 patients at risk of
      osteoporosis because of long-term treatment with prednisolone (5 to 20 mg/day) to
      determine the efficacy and tolerance of microcrystalline hydroxyapatite compound
      (MCHC) when used to prevent the appearance or progression of osteoporosis: 32
      patients were treated with 6 to 8 g MCHC for 12 months and 8 served as an
      untreated control group. The two groups were well matched as regards age, sex and
      underlying disease; 37 patients (29 MCHC, 8 control) successfully completed the
      trial. The majority (68%) of the patients had back pain prior to the trial, the
      severity of which was graded at 3-monthly intervals. In the MCHC-treated group,
      there was a dramatic and significant (p less than 0.001) reduction in pain during
      the trial, almost to the point of its disappearance. Of 19 patients with initial
      back pain only 2 still reported any pain at all after 12-months' MCHC treatment.
      In the control group, back pain severity increased during the trial in 3 patients
      and was unchanged in the fourth. Neither MCHC-treated nor control group patients
      showed any significant change in standing or stem height during the 12-months'
      trial period. Both mean cortical thickness and mean metacarpal index figures
      showed small, insignificant decreases during 12-months' MCHC treatment but much
      more marked decreases in the control group which, despite the small number of
      patients, came close to being statistically significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6373154
TI  - Comparative study of the effects of intravenous administration of aminophylline,
      salbutamol and terbutaline in patients suffering from reversible airways
      obstruction.
AB  - A study was carried out in 20 patients with reversible airways obstruction to
      compare the bronchodilator potency of salbutamol (250 micrograms), terbutaline
      (500 micrograms) and aminophylline (250 mg), given by slow intravenous injection.
      Patients received each of the three treatments, on separate days, in random order
      using a double-blind design. Measurements were made of pulmonary function, pulse
      rate and blood pressure and side-effects were recorded before and at intervals up
      to 4 hours after drug administration. All three drugs improved pulmonary function
      to a significant degree and this effect was observed at 5 minutes post-treatment
      and lasted for 3 hours. Terbutaline and salbutamol had a significantly greater
      effect than aminophylline, but there was no difference between salbutamol and
      terbutaline. Both salbutamol and terbutaline produced tachycardia of a similar
      magnitude, and which returned to initial values within 90 minutes post-injection.
      Aminophylline did not cause tachycardia and this difference compared with the
      beta-agonists on pulse rate was statistically significant (p less than 0.001).
      Salbutamol caused a significantly greater incidence of palpitations than did
      either aminophylline (p less than 0.01) or terbutaline (p less than 0.05). No
      other differences between treatments were observed.

PMID- 6373155
TI  - Indapamide versus beta-blocker therapy: a double-blind, crossover study in
      essential hypertension.
AB  - A controlled, double-blind, double-placebo, crossover clinical trial was carried
      out in 24 mild to moderate hypertensives of either sex to compare the anti
      hypertensive and other effects of indapamide (2.5 mg) and pindolol (15 mg). After
      a 2-week run-in placebo period the patients were randomly assigned to one of the
      drugs in the study for 6 weeks. After a second 2-week placebo period, the
      subjects received the alternative drug for an additional 6 weeks. Both drugs
      produced a significant and similar decrease in arterial blood pressure (averaging
      19 mmHg for systolic and 15 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure; p less than 0.05),
      with minimal differences between the drugs in this respect (p greater than 0.10).
      Pulse, rate, however, was significantly reduced (from 76 to 67 beats/min; p less
      than 0.05) only with pindolol. The laboratory data did not change appreciably,
      and few side-effects were reported. It is concluded that indapamide and pindolol
      at the dosage levels used are drugs of comparable antihypertensive activity.

PMID- 6373156
TI  - Efficacy and tolerability of glaucine as an antitussive agent.
AB  - One hundred and thirty out-patients, affected by acute and chronic cough caused
      by upper respiratory tract inflammation, took part in two clinical studies aimed
      at evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of glaucine , a new antitussive
      agent. The first study involved 90 patients in a double-blind comparative trial
      of glaucine and codeine: both treatments were administered as a syrup at a dosage
      of 30 mg 3-times daily for 7 days. The cough suppressant effect of the two
      treatments was checked by the physician and the patient using a 4-point scale
      (from absent to severe), and by the patient using a visual analogue scale. Mean
      scores of the physician's evaluation decreased from 3.0 to 1.10 after codeine and
      from 3.0 to 0.47 after glaucine (p less than 0.001 between treatments). Mean
      values of the patients' visual analogue scales decreased from 83 mm to 17 mm
      after codeine, and from 85 mm to 7 mm after glaucine (p less than 0.001 between
      treatments). Constipation and nausea were reported by 9 patients on codeine and
      by no patient on glaucine (p less than 0.01). One patient on codeine was
      withdrawn from the study after 3 days because of vomiting, constipation and
      nausea. The second study was an open trial in 40 patients who received glaucine
      capsules at a dosage of 30 mg 3-times daily for 28 days. The antitussive effect
      of the treatment was evaluated on the basis of the same criteria as in the first
      study. The mean score of the physician's evaluation decreased from 3.0 to 0.15 (p
      less than 0.001); the mean value of the patients' visual analogue scales
      decreased from 93 mm to 1 mm (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6373157
TI  - Does oxpentifylline ('Trental') have a place in the treatment of intermittent
      claudication?
AB  - In a randomized double-blind study, the clinical and haemorrheological responses
      of 40 patients receiving oxpentifylline (200 mg 3-times daily) were compared with
      those of 40 patients receiving placebo. The treatment period in both groups was 2
      months. The parameters measured before and after treatment were: subjective
      response; claudication and maximum walking distances; ankle systolic indices;
      maximum blood flow in the lower limb by gravimetric plethysmography; plasma
      fibrinogen; erythrocyte deformability and whole blood viscosity. There was a
      significant increase (p less than 0.05) in mean erythrocyte deformability in the
      oxpentifylline group but not in the placebo group; this apparent difference
      between the groups, however, was not significant. The placebo group showed a
      significant improvement (p less than 0.05) in claudication distance and mean
      plasma fibrinogen concentration, but no such improvements were observed in the
      oxpentifylline group. There were no significant differences in either of the two
      groups with regard to the subjective response, ankle systolic indices, maximum
      limb blood flow or whole blood viscosity. It is concluded that oxpentifylline ,
      when taken in oral form at the dose used in this study, increased erythrocyte
      deformability without conferring any clinical or haemorrheological benefit to
      patients with intermittent claudication.

PMID- 6373158
TI  - A study of naproxen and ibuprofen in patients with osteoarthritis seen in general
      practice. The Manchester General Practitioner Group.
AB  - A total of 226 patients with osteoarthritis of the hip, knee or spine was entered
      into a general practice, multi-centre, crossover study of 500 mg naproxen twice
      daily and 400 mg ibuprofen 3-times daily. Patients were randomly allocated to
      receive either naproxen or ibuprofen first and were given each drug consecutively
      for 3 weeks with no washout periods. Both drugs significantly reduced from
      admission values the duration of inactivity stiffness, resting pain, movement
      pain, night pain, interference of the disease with daily activities and overall
      disease severity. Naproxen was superior to ibuprofen in relieving resting pain,
      movement pain, night pain and interference with daily activities. In the patients
      receiving ibuprofen first, all parameters showed a significant mean improvement
      after crossover to naproxen. Patients receiving naproxen first did not
      significantly improve further when crossed over to ibuprofen. Side-effects were
      reported by 64 patients. Forty-five patients had side-effects while taking
      naproxen and 30 while taking ibuprofen (11 patients had side-effects on both
      drugs). Most side-effects related to the gastro-intestinal tract. Many were mild
      and may not have been attributable to the treatment. One patient had a gastro
      intestinal bleed while taking naproxen. Thirty-one patients (13.7%) failed to
      complete the study: 16 stopped while taking ibuprofen, and 15 while taking
      naproxen. Nine of these patients were lost for reasons not directly attributable
      to the treatment. Overall treatment preference significantly favoured naproxen.

PMID- 6373159
TI  - Lack of effect of intravenous metformin on plasma concentrations of glucose,
      insulin, C-peptide, glucagon and growth hormone in non-diabetic subjects.
AB  - A study was carried out to evaluate the acute effect of an intravenous injection
      of metformin on the fasting plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, C-peptide,
      glucagon and growth hormone in 15 non-diabetic subjects. Metformin (1 g) was
      administered as a bolus in a peripheral vein and blood was sampled 2, 5, 10, 15
      and 30 minutes after the drug injection. No significant change in fasting
      concentration of glucose nor in C-peptide, insulin, glucagon and growth hormone
      fasting levels was noticed. It is concluded that metformin does not possess an
      acute direct hypoglycaemic effect in non-diabetic subjects and does not acutely
      affect the basal activity of endocrine pancreas and pituitary gland in releasing
      insulin, glucagon and growth hormone.

PMID- 6373160
TI  - Effect of middle-term gliclazide treatment on insulin secretion in non-insulin
      dependent diabetics.
AB  - Insulin secretion was studied in 12 non-insulin dependent diabetics during middle
      term administration of the sulphonylurea gliclazide. Blood sugar, C-peptide and
      glucagon were also estimated during the intravenous glucose tolerance and
      arginine tests performed before and after therapy. After 3 months of gliclazide
      therapy (240 mg/day) in addition to a low carbohydrate diet, the intravenous
      glucose tolerance test showed a significant reduction in blood sugar levels and
      in the partial and total areas under the blood sugar curve, as well as an
      improvement in early insulin secretion, characterized by a significant increase
      in plasma C-peptide at 4, 10 and 20 minutes. Plasma glucagon levels were not
      affected by the sulphonylurea therapy. In the arginine test, blood sugar levels
      were lower at the end of the treatment period; plasma insulin, C-peptide and
      glucagon did not change significantly. In this study, plasma C-peptide has proved
      to be a better indicator of stimulated insulin secretion than plasma insulin
      levels. The scarcity of hypoglycaemic episodes during therapy with gliclazide may
      be related to the selective stimulation of early insulin secretion by this drug.

PMID- 6373161
TI  - Clomipramine and diazepam in the treatment of agoraphobia and social phobia in
      general practice.
AB  - A multi-centre, double-blind trial was carried out in general practice to compare
      the effectiveness and tolerability of clomipramine and diazepam in patients with
      agoraphobia or social phobia. Patients were allocated at random to receive one or
      other of the trial drugs over a period of 12 weeks and dosage was adjusted to
      need. During the last 4 weeks daily dosage ranged from 25 to 150 mg clomipramine
      and from 10 to 30 mg diazepam. Analysis of results from 33 patients (15
      clomipramine, 18 diazepam) showed that clomipramine was significantly superior to
      diazepam in improving and maintaining improvement in situational anxiety,
      interference in lifestyle, accompanied travel distance and total score on an
      agoraphobia inventory. Tolerability of clomipramine was comparable to that of
      diazepam.

PMID- 6373162
TI  - Pyruvate carboxylase.

PMID- 6373163
TI  - Transport and regulation of polypeptide precursors of mature mitochondrial
      proteins.

PMID- 6373164
TI  - The role of patch testing in the management of dermatitides caused by orthopedic
      metallic prostheses.

PMID- 6373165
TI  - Ceforanide compared with cefazolin in skin and soft tissue infections.
AB  - The response of serious skin and skin structure infections to ceforanide 1 gm
      every twelve hours or cefazolin 1 gm every eight hours was evaluated in ninety
      six patients hospitalized for treatment. Most of the patients had decubitus
      ulcers; predominant pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and
      Proteus mirabilis. Ceforanide produced a satisfactory clinical response in 89
      percent (forty-eight of fifty-four) of the patients evaluated and eradicated 90
      percent (seventy-four of eighty-two) of the pathogens. Although the clinical
      response of forty-two cefazolin-treated patients was similar (satisfactory
      response in 86 percent, thirty-six patients), only 81 percent (forty-eight of
      fifty-nine) of the pathogens were eradicated. Both ceforanide and cefazolin were
      very well tolerated systemically and locally.

PMID- 6373166
TI  - Steatocystoma multiplex manifesting as a foreign body granuloma.
AB  - A case of steatocystoma multiplex, which manifested as a foreign body granuloma,
      is presented. These multiple lesions appear on different body surfaces and were
      present for more than twenty years before diagnosis.

PMID- 6373167
TI  - In vitro effect of ethanol on the synthesis of triacylglycerol in hepatic
      cytoplasmic lipid droplets.

PMID- 6373168
TI  - Induction of labour.

PMID- 6373169
TI  - High-frequency jet ventilation vs continuous positive airway pressure for
      postoperative respiratory support.
AB  - In ten patients after recovery from general anesthesia for major vascular
      surgery, we compared continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and high
      frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) at the same fractional concentration of oxygen
      in the inspired gas, both being superimposed on spontaneous breathing. The HFJV
      was delivered by a ventilator ( Acutronic VS-600) through the lateral lumen of a
      three-lumen endotracheal tube. Mean airway pressure was increased (3, 8, and 11
      mm Hg) by adjusting the driving pressure during HFJV and by the setting of the
      expiratory valve during CPAP. During HFJV, the frequency (10 Hz) and inspiratory
      expiratory ratio (0.25) were kept constant. Control values were measured when
      patients breathed spontaneously without positive end-expiratory pressure. Cardiac
      output and transmural filling pressures remained unchanged throughout the study.
      Neither the arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) nor intrapulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt)
      changed significantly during CPAP. The 20- to 30-percent increase in PaO2 and the
      5- to 10-percent decrease in Qs/Qt during HFJV when compared to control reflected
      a slightly but significantly (p less than 0.05) better oxygenation. The increase
      in arterial carbon dioxide tension was significantly greater during CPAP than
      during HFJV.

PMID- 6373170
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of cystic fibrosis. An update.
AB  - Cystic fibrosis is the most common fatal inherited disease of Caucasians. At
      present, cystic fibrosis accounts for most cases of chronic progressive pulmonary
      disease and for many other clinical features in the first three decades of life.
      Thus, it is a challenge to both pediatricians and internists, particularly chest
      physicians. The diagnosis is based on the triad of chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease, pancreatic insufficiency, and increased levels of electrolytes in the
      sweat. The cardinal test for confirmation of the diagnosis is the "sweat test,"
      which is an excellent discriminant for cystic fibrosis, even in adults. Ancillary
      features of cystic fibrosis may be of diagnostic assistance (eg, nasal polyposis,
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa in sputum, azoospermia, and others). Treatment of the
      pulmonary disease must be emphasized. Choice of antibiotics should be based on
      the results of sputum culture, but P aeruginosa is the most common pathogen.
      Removal of secretions by regular postural drainage and percussion is an integral
      part of the program. Pneumothorax, massive hemoptysis, cor pulmonale, and other
      complications may be encountered. Sinusitis is almost universal, and nasal
      polyposis is frequently present. Pancreatic insufficiency occurs in over 80
      percent of the patients with cystic fibrosis and may result in intestinal
      malabsorption. Massive salt loss through the sweat in hot weather, a distinctive
      type of biliary cirrhosis without jaundice, gallbladder abnormalities,
      cholelithiasis, and diabetes mellitus also may be found. Of special importance
      are intestinal obstructive complications (meconium ileus in newborn infants with
      cystic fibrosis and intestinal obstruction due to fecal accumulation or
      intussusception in adults). Azoospermia is present in 95 percent of men and there
      is reduced fertility in women; however, pregnancy does occur in cystic fibrosis.
      This chronic and ultimately fatal disease produces a predictable set of
      psychosocial complications.

PMID- 6373171
TI  - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis.

PMID- 6373172
TI  - An alternate method of ventricular venting--the pulmonary artery sump.
AB  - The need for venting the heart during cardiopulmonary bypass has been the topic
      of continued debate. Potential disadvantages and drawbacks have been noted with
      traditional modes for venting. A technique for venting the heart is presented
      using a pulmonary artery catheter. The relative advantages and merits of this
      approach are discussed.

PMID- 6373173
TI  - Cardiac asystole during an hypoxic drive study in a normal subject.
AB  - A healthy 31-year-old man who had previously sojourned to an altitude of 5,000
      meters with no detrimental effect developed sudden cardiac asystole during a
      progressive hypoxic ventilatory response ( HVR ) test. At the moment of asystole,
      his alveolar PO2 (PAO2) was 41 mm Hg and his arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2)
      was 81 percent. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated, and after 20 seconds
      of asystole and apnea, he recovered normal sinus rhythm and spontaneous
      respiration. A subsequent ECG and cardiac enzyme levels were normal. During
      testing, he demonstrated depressed ventilation in response to hypoxia and a
      slowing of the heart rate. Careful observation of heart rate and breath-by-breath
      ventilation during HVR tests may predict this potentially fatal complication.

PMID- 6373174
TI  - Intracavitary aminocaproic acid for massive pulmonary hemorrhage.

PMID- 6373175
TI  - 25 years of Aspen Lung Conferences.

PMID- 6373176
TI  - The First Aspen Conference in retrospect.

PMID- 6373177
TI  - Breathing during sleep in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. State of the
      art.

PMID- 6373178
TI  - Epidemiology of COPD. State of the art.

PMID- 6373179
TI  - Morphology and clinical-morphologic correlations. State of the art.

PMID- 6373180
TI  - The respiratory muscles in COPD. State of the art.

PMID- 6373182
TI  - Management of COPD. State of the art.

PMID- 6373181
TI  - Nutrition and COPD. State-of-the-art minireview.

PMID- 6373183
TI  - [Current status of implantology].

PMID- 6373184
TI  - [Drugs taken from animal bodies in the materia medica of the 18th century].

PMID- 6373185
TI  - [Current status of implantology].

PMID- 6373186
TI  - [Visualization using scanning electron microscopy of the surface of etched
      enamel: the replication technic].

PMID- 6373187
TI  - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].

PMID- 6373188
TI  - [Usefulness of venous wall in prevention of adhesions after experimental tendon
      suture].

PMID- 6373189
TI  - [Clinical use of muscle and musculo-cutaneous flaps from gastrocnemius muscle].

PMID- 6373190
TI  - [Surgical hand disinfection using alcoholic rubbing disinfectants].
AB  - Since 1965, besides the use of scrubbing disinfectants, a number of alcoholic
      handrub methods are employed in the surgical skin disinfection of the hands.
      These contain, in addition to the alcohols, substances such as phenols and among
      others, cation-active substances. The efficacy of the substances is examined by
      means of in vitro-tests and through investigations conducted under conditions
      approximating those in the practice in accordance with the guidelines set down by
      the German Society of Hygiene and Microbiology. The comparison between the
      alcohol-containing handrub disinfectants and the scrubbing methods indicates
      clearly that the latter achieve only a low germ-reduction effect. The
      investigation on 4 alcoholic handrub disinfectants showed an initial potent germ
      reducing and a good long-term effect. When mechanical scrubbing of the hands is
      carried out in a timely relationship to the application of the handrub -method,
      it is found to be able to produce extensive dermal damages. The reduction in the
      transient microbial flora by means of the mechanical hand scrubbing is minimal.
      The study on the germ-reduction after surgical disinfection of the hands using
      alcoholic handrub disinfectants in combination with and without initial soap
      scrubbing demonstrated no differences, neither in the number of sterile hands nor
      in the averages of germ-reduction. The investigations conducted confirmed the
      excellent efficacy of the alcoholic handrub disinfectants and pointed out that it
      is unnecessary to combine mechanical hand scrubbing and the employment of
      alcoholic disinfectants in the same process.

PMID- 6373191
TI  - [Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone change in diabetic nephropathy].

PMID- 6373192
TI  - [Observations on oral glucose tolerance-insulin release test in hyperthyroid
      patients with and without clinical diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 6373193
TI  - [Criteria of bacteria count in "Emission Standard of Polluted Water from
      Hospital"--confirmation tests for the total number of E. coli group].

PMID- 6373194
TI  - [Effect of sodium pentachlorophenate on sanitary disposal of human excreta].

PMID- 6373195
TI  - [Progress in microsurgery].

PMID- 6373196
TI  - [Damage to the biliary tract of rabbits during warm or cold liver ischemia].

PMID- 6373197
TI  - [Segmental pancreatic transplant in the dog with an open pancratic duct].

PMID- 6373198
TI  - Lectin binding to normal and malignant breast tissue.
AB  - The major carbohydrate groups expressed by normal breast epithelium and primary
      breast cancers were identified by lectins, using an immunoperoxidase method on
      paraffin sections. All the lectins (pokeweed, lotus, wheatgerm, peanut, helix,
      bandeiraea 1, soybean and concanavalin A) bound to breast cancer cells with a
      variable cytoplasmic, luminal surface or intercellular pattern. Not all cancer
      cells bound lectins, suggesting sub-populations within individual tumours. On
      normal breast sections all lectins, with the exception of concanavalin A, bound
      to the luminal surface of the lining epithelial cells or to myoepithelial cells
      and showed some differences between acinar and ductal epithelium. The main
      difference in lectin binding between normal and malignant cells was the
      transition from luminal surface to cytoplasmic binding to lectins by cancers. In
      addition, quantitative differences were noted, particularly for concanavalin A
      which bound to cancer cells but not to normal epithelium.

PMID- 6373199
TI  - Significance and function of multinucleate giant cells in de Quervain's
      thyroiditis.
AB  - Thyroid gland resections from 12 patients suffering from de Quervain's
      thyroiditis were investigated by light-, electron- and immunofluorescence
      microscopy as well as enzymehistochemically . Several granulomas were serially
      sectioned. The giant cells of de Quervain's thyroiditis arise from the fusion of
      mononuclear precursors. They usually have ordered nuclei similar to the Langhans
      type. Histochemically they show the reactions of macrophages. Most enzyme
      activity is demonstrable in the 'working poles' of the giant cells abutting the
      residual thyroid colloid. We assume that as a result of polarization and
      orientation they are able to degrade the colloid in a direct manner. Sometimes
      they fuse to form syncytia which totally enclose the colloid.

PMID- 6373200
TI  - Serotonin and its possible role in the painful non-inflamed appendix.
AB  - After immunohistochemical staining appendices without active inflammation but
      producing symptoms of appendicitis (N = 24) were compared with a control group of
      appendices removed incidental to another procedure (N = 26). Staining for neurone
      specific enolase (NSE) showed more instances of nerve 'hyperplasia' in the
      control group than in the appendices generating pain refuting the concept of
      neuroappendicopathy based on quantitative nerve changes. Serotonin staining
      identified subepithelial neuroendocrine cells (SNC) in 85 per cent of the
      specimens. All cases showed serotonin immunoreactive enterochromaffin cells (EC).
      Staining for serotonin was significantly decreased in the SNC in the painful
      group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in staining
      intensity of SNC and EC for substance P (SP). Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
      (VIP) was not seen in the SNC and EC and there were no differences in nerve fibre
      staining for VIP. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter as well as mediator of
      inflammation. It is suggested that reduced staining for serotonin in painful
      appendices reflects discharge of stores which could be instrumental in inducing
      the pain in these cases. Continued serotonin release may then lead to acute
      appendicitis.

PMID- 6373201
TI  - Efficient expression in Escherichia coli of a mature and a modified human
      interferon-beta 1.
AB  - Ten recombinant plasmids were constructed which direct the synthesis of a mature
      human interferon-beta 1 (IFN-beta 1) under the control of the Escherichia coli
      tryptophan (trp) promoter. The spacing between the Shine-Dalgarno sequence of the
      trpL and the ATG initiation codon of the interferon gene was varied from 6 to 23
      nucleotides by utilizing a Cla I site located within the spacer region of the
      plasmids. The optimal spacing for expression of IFN-beta 1 was determined to be 8
      13 nucleotides from the results of interferon assay. The E. coli lipoprotein
      (lpp) promoter was also used for expression of IFN-beta 1 in E. coli. The results
      with an expression vector carrying a lpp-lac promoter showed that a modified IFN
      beta 1 containing an additional 7 amino acids at the amino-terminus might be less
      active than the mature molecule.

PMID- 6373202
TI  - Homologous in vitro transcription of linear DNA fragments containing the tRNAArg
      tRNAAsp gene pair from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Transcription of a tRNAArg-tRNAAsp gene pair from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by an
      homologous yeast extract results in a dimeric percursor molecule which is
      processed to mature-sized tRNAArg and tRNAAsp molecules. We have transcribed
      linear DNA fragments cleaved within the gene sequences to show that precursor
      synthesis is not dependent on the internal promoter of the second gene (tRNAAsp).
      Furthermore, the second gene does not support independent transcription when the
      normal upstream initiation site is removed.

PMID- 6373203
TI  - [Clinical application of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging].

PMID- 6373204
TI  - [Possibility of creating biospecific materials based on biocompatible carbon
      matrices].

PMID- 6373205
TI  - [Synthesis of the full amino acid sequence of the surface antigen of the
      hepatitis B virus in Escherichia coli].

PMID- 6373206
TI  - [Changes in ribosome compactness during translocation].

PMID- 6373207
TI  - Drug control of steroid metabolism by the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum.
AB  - In this review evidence is provided for the interaction between various drugs and
      steroid hormones in man and between drugs and progestogens in experimental
      animals. The mechanism by which these drug interactions occur are of fundamental
      biochemical and pharmacological interest. The importance of practical clinical
      considerations of drug-steroid interactions has also been discussed. In
      particular, considering the present tendency to lower the dose of progestogen and
      estrogen in most contraceptive preparations, any factor that reduces the
      bioavailability of the steroid hormones becomes very important. Other drugs and
      environmental chemicals may interact with these steroids and thereby diminish
      their efficacy. Clinical studies have reported that the most important
      interfering drugs are some anticonvulsants and antibiotics, and the
      antituberculosis compound rifampicin. Anticonvulsants and antituberculotics
      affect microsomal enzyme induction in the liver or interfere with enzyme systems
      in the gut wall. The action of antibiotics is connected with the pharmacokinetics
      of contraceptive steroids by an interaction with their enterohepatic circulation.
      Some environmental factors such as smoking, alcohol, and other dietary
      variations, and concurrent hepatic disease may modify the disposition of
      circulating endogenous steroids and exogenous contraceptive steroids. These
      effects may alter their response accordingly. In our studies drug treatments of
      rats reduced serum progesterone level irrespective of whether a potent inducer
      (phenobarbital, 4-methylcoumarin) or a hepatotoxin (carbon tetrachloride,
      coumarin, alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate) was administered. These treatments
      affected hepatic progesterone content. Phenobarbital and carbon tetrachloride
      reduced serum level, but the hepatic incorporation was enhanced by phenobarbital
      and reduced by carbon tetrachloride. The opposite actions were selective;
      phenobarbital raised the oxidative pathway of progesterone metabolism but did not
      modify the reductive pathway. This drug also enhanced progesterone 16 alpha-, 6
      beta-, and 20 alpha-hydroxylase, but did not alter delta 4 - 5 alpha-reductase.
      In contrast, carbon tetrachloride inhibited hydroxylase and enhanced reductase
      activities. The effects of these test compounds on progesterone-metabolizing
      enzymes in isolated microsomes in vitro were similar to the in vivo results. It
      is concluded that the action of various drugs on serum and liver progesterone
      levels and metabolism is probably related to changes manifest in the function of
      the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 6373208
TI  - Dose-dependent metabolism, therapeutic effect, and toxicity of anticancer drugs
      in man.
AB  - Dose-dependent metabolism is seen for a number of anticancer drugs, and they
      provide examples of several different types of dose-dependent metabolic
      processes. Arabinosyl cytosine and 5-fluorouracil are drugs whose catabolism is
      saturated at high doses. Therapeutic response to both drugs has been linked to
      plasma concentration of parent compound, and a nonlinear dose-response
      relationships might exist at high doses. L-Alanosine also appears to exhibit
      saturable metabolism at high doses, and this might be responsible for the rapid
      onset of L-alanosine toxicity as the dose is increased. Isophosphamide is a drug
      which requires metabolic activation to exert its biological effect, and
      saturation of metabolism seen at high dose could lead to a plateau in the dose
      response relationship. Thymidine exhibits saturation of metabolism at high doses
      due in part to product inhibition of metabolism. Product inhibition of metabolism
      has also been suggested for arabinosyl cytosine. Plasma elimination of thymidine
      and possible elimination of 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine exhibit characteristics of
      a dose-dependent "memory" effect. Dose-dependent metabolism of methotrexate is
      unusual in that formation of the presumed toxic metabolite increases with
      increase in dose and is associated with a qualitative change in the pattern of
      drug toxicity at high compared to low doses of drug. The relationship between
      dose and toxicity of drugs and other foreign compounds is poorly understood in
      man. Anticancer drugs are one of the few classes of compounds where the
      relationship of toxicity to dose is reasonably well documented in human subjects.
      Saturation of metabolism leading to dose-dependent pharmacokinetics occurs with
      several anticancer drugs, and different types of dose-dependent metabolism have
      been covered in this review. An attempt has been made to show how dose-dependent
      metabolism of anticancer drugs might relate to their toxicity. Principles of dose
      dependent toxicity seen with anticancer drugs might usefully be applied to other
      classes of compounds, particularly compounds exhibiting cytotoxicity but also
      other forms of toxicity. Dose-dependent metabolism could also be important in
      determining the therapeutic effect of anticancer drugs, and application of
      principles of dose-dependent metabolism to the development of new
      chemotherapeutic regimens migh lead to more effective cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 6373209
TI  - Bioactivation of prodrugs: structure-pharmacokinetic correlations of
      benzodiazepine esters.

PMID- 6373210
TI  - Elimination of drugs by passive diffusion from blood to intestinal lumen: factors
      influencing nonbiliary excretion by the intestinal tract.

PMID- 6373211
TI  - Methylthiolated metabolites.

PMID- 6373212
TI  - Estramustine phosphate sodium.
AB  - Estramustine phosphate is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for oral
      use in the palliative treatment of patients with metastatic and/or progressive
      carcinoma of the prostate. Estramustine is a conjugate of 17 beta-estradiol and
      the carbamate of nitrogen mustard. Although its therapeutic efficacy has been
      demonstrated, it is not clear to what extent each constituent contributes to
      estramustine's effectiveness. Estramustine phosphate therapy achieves objective
      response rates of 60-90 percent in advanced stage D prostatic cancer patients
      with no prior hormonal therapy. These results are consistent with those obtained
      with conventional hormonal therapy in similar patient populations. Therapeutic
      efficacy does not appear to increase when estramustine is used concurrently with
      other cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. An objective response rate of 20-30
      percent can be anticipated in patients refractory to conventional hormonal
      therapy. It is in this group, the estrogen-resistant patients, that estramustine
      shows the most promise. Adverse effects of estramustine are similar to those of
      diethylstilbestrol. Gastrointestinal and cardiovascular side effects appear to be
      the most important and may be severe enough to require discontinuation of
      therapy.

PMID- 6373213
TI  - Cimetidine in anesthesia: does it minimize the complications of acid aspiration?
AB  - The use of cimetidine, an H2-receptor antagonist, to minimize the complications
      of acid aspiration pneumonia is reviewed. Since Mendelson's early description of
      acid aspiration in 66 obstetrical patients, attempts have been made to decrease
      gastric acidity by administering perioperative antacids and/or antihistamine
      drugs such as atropine and glycopyrrolate. In this review of the literature,
      strict attention is given to study design and subject selection, methods of
      collecting gastric samples and reporting both pH and volume measurements, and
      medications taken on admission, given preoperatively, and as anesthetics.
      Clinical trials evaluating cimetidine alone and compared with other prophylactic
      regimens were reviewed, detailing the timing, route, and frequency of drug
      administration. Cimetidine appears to be effective in minimizing complications of
      acid aspiration since gastric acidity (pH less than 2.5) is a contributing factor
      in both the morbidity and mortality of this disease state. In general terms,
      cimetidine 300 mg po 1.5-2.0 h prior to intubation or 45-60 minutes iv before
      surgery will decrease gastric acidity below the critical level. This effect may
      be maintained for up to three hours. Perioperative cimetidine administration, to
      minimize the complications of acid aspiration, appears to be safe in terms of
      drug-drug interactions and effects on labor, the fetus, and the newborn child.

PMID- 6373214
TI  - Injectable ketoprofen vs. acetylsalicylic acid for the relief of severe cancer
      pain: a double-blind, crossover trial.
AB  - Thirty-six patients suffering from severe pain due to bone involvement from
      cancer participated in an analgesic study that compared single doses of
      ketoprofen 100 or 400 mg iv or injectable acetylsalicylic acid 1 g. A double
      blind, balanced incomplete block design was adopted, in which each patient
      received two of the three test treatments, with an interval of 24 hours.
      Ketoprofen 400 mg proved significantly superior to 100 mg of the same drug, and
      was superior to 1 g of the acetylsalicylic acid derivative in the patients'
      assessment of the overall response. This was expressed by a visual analog scale
      and preferences. No adverse reaction was observed with any treatment.

PMID- 6373215
TI  - Comment on assassin bug toxemia.

PMID- 6373216
TI  - The role of the pharmacist in a geriatric nursing home: a literature review.
AB  - This review delineates the pharmacist's controversial clinical role in nursing
      homes as it has developed within the legal, social, and economic climate of the
      Medicaid and Medicare conditions of participation. Special problems of the
      geriatric institutionalized patient include polypharmacy, adverse reactions, the
      overuse of prn drugs, and inadequate physician contact. These problems are
      compounded by an impoverished scientific data-base for appropriate drug use in
      the aged. Studies that clarify the impact consultant pharmacists have on the
      number of drugs prescribed, adverse reactions, and cost containment are compiled
      and evaluated. It is shown that pharmacists can reduce the number and cost of
      drugs. Physician acceptance of pharmacists' recommendations was found to be at
      least 60 percent in these reports. Well-controlled studies are lacking in the
      literature.

PMID- 6373218
TI  - [Meningococcal septicemia].

PMID- 6373219
TI  - [Treatment of Raynaud's syndrome with captopril].
AB  - Twenty patients with primary or secondary Raynaud's phenomenon were, after a 4
      week treatment-free interval, given captopril ( Lopirin ) at a dosage of 25 mg
      three times daily for 84 days. Marked subjective improvement was reported by 14
      patients. Digital-artery pressure, blood flow at rest and blood flow during
      reactive hyperaemia increased. Blood flow at rest increased significantly after
      cooling (10 degrees C for three minutes).

PMID- 6373217
TI  - [Naftidrofuryl in arterial occlusive disease. Controlled multicenter double-blind
      study with oral administration].
AB  - The efficacy of naftidrofuryl ( Dusodril ) for treatment of stage II arterial
      occlusive disease was evaluated in a controlled multi-centre study in a total of
      104 out-patients with angiographically documented localization of occlusion. The
      therapeutic effect was assessed over three months by measurements of walking
      distance using standardized treadmill conditions. Further parameters were
      venoocclusive plethysmography and Doppler ultrasonography measurement of
      pressures. The complaint-free walking distance increased significantly during
      daily application of 600 mg naftidrofuryl orally (n = 54) during the 12-week
      assessment period when compared to the placebo group (n = 50). Taking the
      intraindividual variability of 17.2 m in assessment of walking distance into
      account, the increase of painless walking of 93 m after treatment for 12 weeks in
      the active-drug group is considered the result of treatment-induced increased
      performance.

PMID- 6373220
TI  - [Demonstration of hepatitis Be antigen and anti-hepatitis Be with enzyme
      immunoassay in a microtiter system].
AB  - A new microtitre enzyme-immunoassay (Organon Teknika ) to demonstrate HBe-antigen
      and anti-HBe was compared with a corresponding radioimmunoassay (RIA) of Abbott,
      on sera of patients with hepatitis-B and reference material. In a serial dilution
      of HBe-antigen reference preparation from the reference centre for hepatitis B in
      G ottingen , RIA was able to demonstrate HBe-antigen to a dilution of 1:1024, and
      the microtitre enzyme-immunoassay (Elisa) to 1:4096 (declaration of reference
      preparation: 1024 RIA units). In the anti-HBe reference preparation anti-HBe was
      demonstrated by Elisa to a dilution of 1:4096 and by RIA to 1:512. In tests on
      sera of patients with hepatitis B, Elisa was superior to RIA in demonstrating
      both HBe-antigen and anti-HBe. This advantage was particularly clear in the
      demonstration of anti-HBe. Using the Elisa system, either HBe-antigen or anti-HBe
      was demonstrated in the fourth week of illness in over 95% of patients. With RIA
      this result was achieved only in the eighth month after the onset of illness.
      According to the results obtained with the Elisa system, HBe-antigen is
      eliminated early and is quickly followed by anti-HBe, while according to results
      with RIA some time elapsed between the disappearance of HBe-antigen and the
      occurrence of anti-HBe. Elisa demonstrates high precision, both in a single test
      and also from test to test, and in this respect, too, it was not inferior to RIA.
      False-positive or non-reproducible positive reactions were very rare in both
      tests. These results indicate that Elisa is an alternative to RIA and, because of
      its higher sensitivity, is superior to RIA.

PMID- 6373221
TI  - [Value of image-producing procedures in the diagnosis of kidney diseases].

PMID- 6373224
TI  - [New insulin regimens].

PMID- 6373222
TI  - Lorcainide. A preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic properties and
      therapeutic efficacy.
AB  - Lorcainide is a type I antiarrhythmic drug of the local anesthetic type. It can
      be given either intravenously or orally, and its pharmacokinetic properties allow
      relatively long (12 hours) dosing intervals with oral administration. A slowly
      eliminated metabolite, norlorcainide, probably contributes to the effects of
      orally administered lorcainide in chronically treated patients. In mainly short
      term studies, lorcainide has been shown to suppress ventricular ectopy in about
      80% of patients treated either orally or intravenously. Preliminary evidence
      suggests that its efficacy in suppressing ectopy in the setting of acute
      myocardial infarction is comparable with that of lignocaine (lidocaine). It is of
      variable efficacy in preventing recurrent ventricular tachycardia and has been
      shown to be effective in some patients who have failed to respond to other
      antiarrhythmic drugs. Experience is limited in treating supraventricular
      arrhythmia, but initial results in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
      have been favourable. Adverse cardiac effects are infrequent. Abnormal sinus node
      function may be exacerbated by lorcainide treatment, however, and bundle branch
      block may be precipitated in patients with pre-existing conduction system
      disease. Exacerbation of pre-existing arrhythmias is uncommon, and clinically
      important myocardial depression has not been observed. The most frequent side
      effect is disturbed sleep during the initiation of oral treatment, which may
      occur in the majority of patients but usually responds to treatment with a
      benzodiazepine and subsides with time. Thus, lorcainide appears useful against a
      variety of arrhythmias. With its convenient dosage schedule and apparently low
      incidence of serious side effects it should become a useful addition to the
      antiarrhythmic agents available, although longer term studies are needed to
      confirm its continued efficacy and lack of unexpected side effects when used for
      long periods.

PMID- 6373223
TI  - Gliclazide. A preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic properties and
      therapeutic efficacy in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Gliclazide is a 'second generation' oral hypoglycaemic agent. The particular
      interest with this drug is that it has shown certain effects on the blood for
      which it is hoped there may be some clinical benefit in diabetic angiopathies.
      Both in animal and human studies it has demonstrated a reduction in platelet
      adhesiveness and aggregation, whilst possible enhancement of platelet metabolism,
      reduction of coagulant factors, as well as increased fibrinolytic activity, are
      still being investigated. Initial trials have suggested that gliclazide therapy
      may reverse or at least slow down the progression of diabetic retinopathy.
      However, a few additional well-designed long term controlled studies are needed
      to confirm these findings, and to clarify whether any beneficial effect on
      diabetic retinopathy is unique to gliclazide or also occurs with other oral
      hypoglycaemic drugs. Both newly diagnosed maturity onset diabetics as well as
      those previously treated with sulphonylureas respond well to gliclazide therapy.
      In the small comparative studies which have been reported, gliclazide was of
      comparable efficacy to other oral hypoglycaemic agents.

PMID- 6373225
TI  - Embryologic development of the sinuses.

PMID- 6373226
TI  - Surgical anatomy of the paranasal sinuses.

PMID- 6373227
TI  - Roentgenographic manifestations of benign paranasal disease.

PMID- 6373228
TI  - Medical management of sinusitis.

PMID- 6373229
TI  - Surgical management of sinusitis.

PMID- 6373230
TI  - Complications of sinusitis.

PMID- 6373231
TI  - Allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps.

PMID- 6373232
TI  - Sinobronchial syndrome.

PMID- 6373233
TI  - Experience with captopril in the treatment of renovascular hypertension.

PMID- 6373234
TI  - [Benzodiazepines in the treatment of epilepsy].
AB  - Diazepam and clonazepam when given by intra- veinous or rectal route are the
      first-choice treatment of epileptic status. They are active in 80 per cent of
      cases whatever is the form of the status with a better efficacy in generalized
      seizures. Clonazepam, chlorazepate, nitrazepam and clobazam are also prescribed
      as chronic treatment of various forms of epilepsy. However tolerance and side
      effects on higher nervous functions are frequent. In the state of the art
      benzodiazepine utilisation is limited as add-on therapy in severe epilepsies.
      They may have broader indications in monotherapy.

PMID- 6373235
TI  - [Benzodiazepines in the treatment of alcoholism].
AB  - Various indications of benzodiazepines in the treatment of chronic alcoholism are
      discussed. They are prescribed in the treatment of Delirium Tremens and other
      acute withdrawal syndromes, often by intramuscular injections or intraveinous
      infusions. Their efficacy is particularly marked on withdrawal seizures,
      agitation, more inconstant on confusion, hallucinations and even on tremor
      symptoms. They more prevent withdrawal symptoms than they reverse severe ethanol
      withdrawal symptomatology, on humans like on experimental animals. Most authors
      recommend short prescriptions of BZD in alcoholic patients: the main difficulty
      is not the problem of the pharmacological interactions between alcohol and BZD,
      only observed during acute and important ingestions of alcohol and more linked to
      summation than to potentialisation , but the risk of an abuse and even a
      psychological and physical dependency to BZD. Such a dependence syndrome would
      probably develop more frequently in alcoholic patients. One must not overrate its
      importance; the extended prescription of BZD must not be therefore prohibited
      when they seem useful in the maintain of alcohol abstinence.

PMID- 6373236
TI  - [Treatment of panic attacks].
AB  - Acute anxiety is a common symptom in psychiatric and medical illnesses. Panic
      attacks i.e. discrete episodes of severe acute anxiety with clear "onset" and
      "offset" are frequently associated with agoraphobia and respond to tricyclic and
      MAO-inhibitor antidepressants. These agents appear to have specific antipanic
      efficacy independent of their antidepressant properties. Despite the frequent
      association between panic disorder and major depressive illness the nature and
      the extent of this relationship remain unclear.

PMID- 6373237
TI  - [Behavioral approach to sexual dysfunctions].
AB  - The basic principles of those behaviourist approaches are: - Treatment of the
      couple, no matter which partner is apparently "responsible" for the sexual
      problem, and mutual involvement of both partners. - Sexual information and
      education regarding the cycle of sexual response, anatomy, biology, and sexual
      techniques. - Changing negative attitudes vis-a-vis sexuality. - Elimination of
      sexual anxieties. - Improvement of verbal and corporal communication within the
      couple. - Learning to know oneself and others better--Initiation to psychological
      attention and observation.

PMID- 6373238
TI  - [Existential events and psychopathology].
AB  - The stream of works in the English-language literature relating life stressful
      events and mental disorders is fifteen years old. In spite of differences in
      methodology and conceptualization, a review of works published in French and in
      English allows to draw the conclusion that there is a significant link between
      these two parameters. This is clearly established for the suicidal cases and the
      relapses of neurotic depression. A significant link does not signify,
      systematically a principle of causality.

PMID- 6373240
TI  - Biochemical and immunological properties of dog brain isorenin.
AB  - A neutral protease with angiotensin I-forming activity which could readily be
      separated from acid proteases and plasma and renal renin was obtained from
      extracts of dog brain. This enzyme has an apparent mol wt of 40,000 by Sephadex
      chromatography. On chromatofocusing, it displays isoelectric points of 7.92,
      7.73, and 7.42, and thus, it is a basic protein, in contrast to either renal or
      plasma renin which are acidic proteins. This brain enzyme does not react with
      antibodies specific for dog kidney renin. Since the brain enzyme forms
      angiotensin I from renin substrate at neutral pH, yet can be separated from and
      has isoelectric points different from renal renin, it is an isoenzyme of the
      kidney counterpart. The majority of the renin-like activity of dog brain is due
      to this isoenzyme.

PMID- 6373239
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of estrogen receptors in the macaque reproductive
      tract with monoclonal antiestrophilins.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies to the estrogen receptor (anti-ER) were used to develop an
      immunocytochemical method to detect ERs in frozen sections of the macaque
      reproductive tract. Specific nuclear, but not cytoplasmic, staining occurred with
      two different methods: direct, in which an antiestrophilin -horseradish
      peroxidase conjugate was used as the first antibody, and indirect, in which a
      mixture of antiestrophilins was used in the first incubation step. Nuclear
      staining was absent when various control antibodies replaced the anti-ER. In
      uteri from spayed monkeys treated with estradiol (E2) for 14 days, nuclear
      staining was always present. In uteri from similar animals treated for an
      additional 14 days with E2 and progesterone, nuclear staining was almost
      completely absent. Mean endometrial nuclear ER levels, measured by an exchange
      assay, were 5-fold greater in the E2-treated than in the E2-plus progesterone
      treated group. In addition, when samples of estrogenized uterus and oviduct were
      incubated for 60 min in vitro with 100 nM E2, the intensity of nuclear staining
      increased in parallel with an increase in the concentration of nuclear ER. The
      nuclei of stromal, smooth muscle, and epithelial cells of the estrogenized
      oviduct, cervix, and vagina as well as smooth muscle cells of the estrogenized
      myometrium were also receptor positive. Nontarget tissues, such as duodenum,
      colon, esophagus, and skeletal muscle, contained no cells that showed specific
      nuclear staining. Some staining of cytoplasmic and extracellular components
      occurred in all preparations. These latter reactions were nonspecific, because
      they were present in many nontarget tissues or when control antibodies replaced
      the anti-ER. With current methods, only nuclear ERs can be reliably localized in
      frozen sections of monkey tissues with monoclonal antiestrophilins .

PMID- 6373241
TI  - Effects of aminoglutethimide on luteinizing hormone and steroid secretion, and
      ovulation in the hen, Gallus domesticus.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted: 1) to assess the ovulation-blocking ability and
      steroidogenesis-inhibiting activity of aminoglutethimide in the laying hen; and
      2) to determine whether LHRH or progesterone (P4) administration can overcome the
      ovulation-blocking effect of aminoglutethimide. Aminoglutethimide inhibited
      ovulation and suppressed the secretion of P4 and testosterone (T) in a dose
      related fashion. In the absence of any increase in plasma P4 and T, there was no
      preovulatory increase in plasma LH. These results indicate that the preovulatory
      surge of LH is initiated by an increase in steroid. The effectiveness of P4 and
      LHRH to stimulate LH release and overcome the ovulation-blocking effect of
      aminoglutethimide was tested in the second experiment. Administration of 500
      micrograms P4 (im) to aminoglutethimide-treated hens resulted in a significant
      and sustained release of LH [peak, 3.08 +/- 0.62 (+/- SEM) ng/ml; 120 min after
      injection] and induced ovulation in the absence of any increase in plasma T or
      estrogen. In contrast, injection of 20 micrograms LHRH (iv) failed to overcome
      the blocking effect of aminoglutethimide and caused an attenuated (peak, 2.17 +/-
      0.37 ng/ml; 60 min after injection) and short-lived increase in plasma LH. These
      results are consistent with the model for a true positive feedback mechanism in
      which P4 initiates and sustains the preovulatory LH surge of the hen.

PMID- 6373242
TI  - Stimulation of prostaglandin E and testosterone production in rat interstitial
      cells by a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist.
AB  - The early direct effects of a GnRH agonist analog [D-Ala6]des-Gly10-GnRH N
      ethylamide (GnRHa) on rat testicular interstitial cells include increased
      production of prostaglandin E (PGE) and testosterone (T) at 3 h (ED50 values of
      0.5 and 0.75 nM, respectively). On the other hand, LH action on testicular
      function, which is mediated by increased cAMP, involves an increase in T
      production at 30 min followed by increased PGE formation at 3 h. GnRHa at
      concentrations of 10(-12)-10(-8) M had no effect on basal or LH-stimulated cAMP
      production during a 4-h incubation test. The stimulatory effect of GnRHa on PGE,
      but not on T production, was abolished by the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor
      indomethacin (1.5 microns). We conclude that cAMP does not play a role in
      mediating the direct testicular effects of GnRH on PGE and T production; that PGE
      is not involved in mediating GnRH-induced T production; and, finally, that
      increased PGE and T production might be involved in mediating the direct
      inhibitory and stimulatory testicular effects of GnRH and its agonist analogs.

PMID- 6373243
TI  - Up-regulation of insulin receptors with dexamethasone in cultured human urinary
      bladder carcinoma cells.
AB  - Cultured human urinary bladder carcinoma cells ( JTC -32) were used to
      investigate the regulation of insulin receptors by dexamethasone. When the cells
      were preincubated with dexamethasone at 37 degrees C, insulin binding sites
      increased up to 24 h. A large increase in insulin binding sites took place for 14
      h of preincubation with dexamethasone. At lower concentrations of dexamethasone
      (less than 1 nM), no significant increase in insulin binding sites was observed,
      but the maximal increase was observed at more than 10 nM. Scatchard plots showed
      that dexamethasone increased the number of high affinity insulin binding sites
      (2.8 fold) without any change in the apparent equilibrium constant in JTC -32
      cells. In addition, this steroid hormone also increased the number of low
      affinity insulin binding sites (1.6 fold) with a small change in the apparent
      equilibrium constant. Although insulin and dexamethasone did not affect the
      number of cells or the amount of cellular proteins per dish, dexamethasone plus
      insulin slightly increased them.

PMID- 6373244
TI  - Differences in the kinetic rate constants of normal and high molecular weight
      renin substrate from term pregnancy human plasma.
AB  - We have previously reported on the differences in physical and chemical
      characteristics between the high-molecular weight renin substrate (HMS greater
      than 150,000 daltons) and the normal substrate (NMS = 60,000). In this study, the
      kinetic constants were determined in both HMS and NMS which were prepared by gel
      exclusion chromatography from the plasma of pregnant women at term. Renin
      substrate (angiotensinogen) levels were expressed by radioimmunoassay of
      angiotensin I after incubation of samples with added semi-purified human kidney
      renin in the presence of angiotensinase inhibitors. The kinetic constants (Km and
      Vmax) were determined by the method of Line-weaver-Burk plots and also the method
      of Wilkinson. The Km for the HMS was 1.79 micrograms angiotensin 1 equivalents (
      AIeq )/ml and the Vmax = 41.2 ngAIeq /ml/h, and the Km for the NMS was 3.52
      micrograms AIeq /ml and the Vmax = 138 ng/ml/h. When adding small amounts of the
      HMS to the NMS, the production of angiotensin I was found to increase more than
      that in the NMS alone. It was also observed that the renin substrate reactivities
      of the plasma of pregnant women, which contained small amounts of the HMS, were
      higher than that found in the plasma of normotensive women not taking oral
      contraceptives. It is suggested that the existence of small amounts of the HMS
      may therefore contribute to the elevation in blood pressure under the influence
      of estrogens.

PMID- 6373245
TI  - A marked change in insulin binding to rat thymic lymphocytes by fractionation of
      the cells into two subsets.
AB  - As compared with the pre-separated thymic lymphocyte (TL) population, a marked
      reduction of insulin binding was found in the two fractions [supernatant
      lymphocytes (SL) and precipitate lymphocytes (PL)] separated by low-speed
      differential centrifugation from the TL population. The reduction in insulin
      binding to SL or PL appeared to be due to a decrease in the affinity rather than
      a decrease in the number of insulin receptors. The reduced insulin binding was
      enhanced to near the level of the TL population when SL and PL were mixed and
      then incubated for 90 min at 37 degrees C. Moreover, when the cell-free
      supernatant from the mixed and incubated fraction was added to SL and PL
      respectively, the insulin binding to each fraction was found to be enhanced.

PMID- 6373246
TI  - The genotoxic/epigenetic distinction: relevance to cancer policy.
AB  - Should federal agencies use separate, less stringent guidelines for regulating
      epigenetic or nongenotoxic carcinogens on the assumption that thresholds are
      likely to exist for these agents? This article reviews recent initiatives by the
      Environmental Protection Agency that either propose or informally adopt this
      approach in light of responses from the scientific community and a review of the
      recent literature. Relevant background is provided by current research concerning
      the role of chromosomal damage and oncogene activation in carcinogenesis along
      with findings that classical promoters or "epigenetic" agents can induce both DNA
      damage and chromosomal rearrangements. The conclusion is that such a revision of
      cancer policy is not now supported by available scientific data concerning
      chemical carcinogenesis.

PMID- 6373247
TI  - Immunological detection of left-handed Z DNA in isolated polytene chromosomes.
      Effects of ionic strength, pH, temperature and topological stress.
AB  - We have searched for the presence of left-handed Z DNA in unfixed polytene
      chromosomes isolated from the salivary glands of Chironomus thummi larvae.
      Physiological as well as fixation conditions were explored to assess the effects
      of a variety of factors known to influence the B-Z equilibrium. At neutral pH and
      physiological ionic strength, a weak immunofluorescence staining confined to the
      periphery of chromosomal bands is elicited but only by using high concentrations
      of anti-Z DNA immunoglobulin (IgG). The accessibility of internal highly
      condensed structures, as monitored with antibodies against core histones, is very
      limited under these conditions. Increasing the ionic strength exposes core
      histone determinants but results in a decondensation of the bands. The staining
      for Z DNA is still weak and primarily restricted to regions resisting
      decondensation or undergoing collapse. Dramatic changes in anti-Z DNA
      immunofluorescence intensities occur upon short exposure to low pH. Adjustment of
      the pH between 2.5 and 2.0 leads to an abrupt large increase in antibody binding,
      at first confined to a few specific bands and then generalized to bands
      throughout the chromosomes in a pattern very similar to that elicited in
      classical acid-fixed squash preparations. The acid-mediated effects are
      influenced by ionic strength, temperature and prior removal of histones; they can
      be mimicked by exposure to high temperature at neutral pH. The 'transition pH'
      assessed with a monoclonal IgG specific for left-handed d(G-C)n sequences is
      slightly lower than in the case of polyclonal antibodies which also recognize d(A
      C)n X d(G-T)n.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6373248
TI  - pBR322 plasmid DNA modified with 2-acetylaminofluorene derivatives: transforming
      activity and in vitro strand cleavage by the Escherichia coli uvrABC
      endonuclease.
AB  - Covalently closed circular plasmid DNA was treated with three reactive
      derivatives of 2-acetylaminofluorene: N-acetoxy-N-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-Aco
      AAF), its 7-iodo derivative (N-Aco- AAIF ) and N-hydroxy-N-2-aminofluorene (N-OH
      AF), and tested as substrates for the Escherichia coli uvrABC endonuclease and
      for transformation frequencies on wild-type, uvrA, recA, uvrArecA and polA mutant
      strains. The uvrABC endonuclease reacted with all three substrates with high
      efficiency, implicating this enzyme in the repair of DNA containing all three
      types of adducts. However, only AAF- and AAIF -DNA showed greatly reduced
      survival on uvrA mutants (five adducts/lethal hit) relative to wild-type (20
      adducts/lethal hit). AF-DNA survived equally well on uvrA mutant and wild-type
      cells, and at a much higher level of modification (60 adducts/lethal hit). A
      mutation in recA had only a minor effect on the survival of either DNA. The polA
      mutation reduced the survival of the AAF-treated DNA to the same extent as the
      uvrA mutation (five adducts/lethal hit). Also AF-DNA showed reduced survival on
      polA mutant cells versus wild-type. However, many more adducts (20/lethal hit)
      were tolerated than for AAF-DNA, indicating that AF lesions in the template do
      not efficiently block replication of DNA.

PMID- 6373249
TI  - Envelope proteins of Semliki Forest virus synthesized in Xenopus oocytes are
      transported to the cell surface.
AB  - The mRNA coding for the structural proteins of Semliki Forest virus, the 26S RNA,
      was injected into Xenopus oocytes. Synthesis of the capsid protein and the three
      envelope glycoproteins E1, E2 and E2 was observed. The proteins, which are
      normally incorporated into the plasma membrane of infected cells, are transported
      to the surface of the oocytes. The transport of the membrane proteins takes place
      in the presence of tunicamycin. The results show that the proteins foreign to the
      oocyte reach their destination in the plasma membrane. Consequently, the mRNA
      contains the information for the transport and proteolytic cleavage of the
      polypeptides.

PMID- 6373250
TI  - Localization of ribonucleotide reductase in mammalian cells.
AB  - The results of immunocytochemical studies using two different monoclonal
      antibodies against the M1 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase show an exclusively
      cytoplasmic localization of this subunit both in cultured MDBK and mouse 3T6
      cells, and in cells from various rat tissues. By fluorescent light microscopy,
      there is a diffuse staining of the cytoplasm, while by electron microscopy the
      immunoreactive material appears to be associated with ribosomes. In the rat
      tissues, only actively dividing cells show M1-specific immunofluorescence
      revealing a strong correlation between the presence of protein M1 and DNA
      synthesis. Therefore M1 immunofluorescence could be used to study cell
      proliferation in normal, inflammatory or neoplastic tissue. A lesser variation in
      M1 staining is observed between individual cells in tissue culture, where most
      cells are positive, but neither here nor in the tissues examined are any cells
      with nuclear staining detected. We interpret our results to mean that in
      mammalian cells ribonucleotide reduction takes place in the cytoplasm and from
      there the deoxyribonucleotides are transported into the nucleus to serve in DNA
      synthesis.

PMID- 6373251
TI  - A cDNA encoding a small common precursor for human pancreatic polypeptide and
      pancreatic icosapeptide.
AB  - A cDNA for the hormone, human pancreatic polypeptide (PP), was isolated by
      oligodeoxynucleotide screening from a cDNA library constructed from normal human
      pancreatic mRNA. The primary structure of the precursor protein as deduced from
      the cDNA sequence is 95 amino acids long and is composed of a typical, but rather
      long signal peptide of 29 residues, followed by the sequence of the 36 amino acid
      human pancreatic polypeptide, which again is separated from the human pancreatic
      icosapeptide sequence by a classic cleavage and amidation site, Gly-Lys-Arg. The
      precursor terminates in a heptapeptide which is cleaved from the icosapeptide at
      a monobasic processing site. Both the size and the structure of the PP precursor
      was supported by the results of peptide analysis of biosynthetically labeled pro
      PP isolated from canine PP cells in which processing was prevented by the
      arginine analogue canavanine. It is concluded that the precursor for mammalian PP
      gives rise to two peptide products, the well preserved, carboxyamidated PP and an
      icosapeptide which is preserved only in its COOH-terminal end, plus a small
      highly variable COOH-terminal oligopeptide.

PMID- 6373252
TI  - Presence of alveolar macrophages as a criterion for determining the suitability
      of sputum specimens for bacterial culture.
AB  - The microscopic and bacteriological findings in paired saliva and sputum
      specimens from 66 patients with chronic bronchitis were compared in order to
      determine whether the presence of alveolar macrophages is a valid criterion for
      determining the suitability of a sputum specimen for bacterial culture. Alveolar
      macrophages were mainly present in sputum specimens, the culture results of which
      differed from the culture results of the matching saliva specimen (p less than
      0.001). Sputum specimens containing alveolar macrophages appeared to be
      contaminated less with oropharyngeal flora than specimens which did not contain
      alveolar macrophages. Potential pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and
      Haemophilus influenzae were isolated only from sputum specimens containing
      alveolar macrophages. It is concluded that the presence of alveolar macrophages
      indicates that sputum originates from the lower respiratory tract. The results
      also showed that the presence of leukocytes in sputum may be considered
      significant if alveolar macrophages are also present.

PMID- 6373253
TI  - A modified method for differentiation of Haemophilus influenzae from Haemophilus
      parainfluenzae.

PMID- 6373254
TI  - Mapping of surface glycoproteins of Trypanosoma cruzi by two-dimensional
      electrophoresis. A correlation with the cell invasion capacity.
AB  - The cell-surface iodinatable proteins of Trypanosoma cruzi have been analyzed by
      two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under equilibrium conditions.
      Antigenic polypeptides were characterized after immunoprecipitation and
      glycoproteins were identified by means of lectin-affinity chromatography. Two
      glycoproteins, with affinity for concanavalin A, were found to be common to both
      infective (trypomastigote) and non-infective (epimastigote) forms: protein 1 (90
      kDa, pI 5.5-6.5) and protein 2 (80 kDa, pI 5.3-6.3). In epimastigotes a specific
      concanavalin-A-binding surface glycoprotein (70 kDa, pI 5.5) was identified.
      Trypomastigote forms, on the other hand, presented several specific iodinatable
      surface components: glycoproteins 3(85 kDa, pI 5.5), 4 (85 kDa, pI 5.0), 6 (100
      kDa, pI 6.5), 7 (120 kDa, pI 6.3), 8 (68 kDa, pI 6.7) and several minor high
      molecular-mass acid proteins, all containing glucose and/or mannose, and
      glycoprotein 5 (85 kDa, pI 6.3-7.5), containing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (Tc-85).
      Proteins 1, 2 and 5 were the only ones which gave clear evidence of charge
      heterogeneity. Most of the surface proteins of trypomastigote forms, the
      exception being proteins 3, 4 and 8, were removed by treatment with trypsin. This
      proteolytic treatment results in 90% inhibition of the in vitro vertebrate-cell
      invasion capacity of the parasites. Upon reincubation in culture medium for 4 h,
      the trypsin-removed glycoproteins are again detected, an observation that
      correlates well with the recovery of the cell-penetration capacity observed in
      the same period.

PMID- 6373255
TI  - Isolation of a homogeneous glucosidase II from pig kidney microsomes.
AB  - The processing of the oligosaccharide precursor chain, (GlcNAc)2(Man)9(Glc)3, of
      N-glycosylated glycoproteins starts with the action of glucosidase I which
      excises the terminal (alpha 1-2)-linked glucose residue. Glucosidase II removes
      the two inner (alpha 1-3)-linked glucose residues. We have purified glucosidase
      II to homogeneity from pig kidney microsomes. The enzyme is a glycoprotein and
      contains a single type of subunit of molecular mass approximately equal to 100
      kDa. The native enzyme is probably a tetramer. It cleaves glucosidic alpha 1-3
      and alpha 1-4, but not alpha 1-1, alpha 1-2 or alpha 1-6 bonds and lacks alpha
      mannosidase and glucosidase I activity. The pH optimum is between 6.0 and 7.5.
      Specific antibodies against the native enzyme and the denatured subunit were
      prepared. By activity measurements and immune blotting, a similar enzyme was
      found in rat liver. In the fractionated rat liver, the enzyme was localized in
      the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, probably loosely bound to the inner face
      of the membrane. Purified Golgi fractions contained only low levels of the
      enzyme.

PMID- 6373256
TI  - Comments on: polymorphism of serine-specific transfer ribonucleic acid. Influence
      of the temperature on the crystallization of serine-specific tRNA.

PMID- 6373257
TI  - Place of intravenous arteriography with non-numerized processing in vascular
      pathology and surgery. Results of 424 investigations.
AB  - 424 intra-venous arteriographies with non-numerized photographic subtraction have
      been carried out in 304 patients. Exploration concerned supra-aortic trunks in
      204 cases, abdominal aorta in 107 cases, arteries of the lower limbs in 89 cases,
      thoracic aorta in 19 cases and arteries of the upper limbs in 5 cases. Technique
      is described, indications, results, complications and limits of the method are
      discussed for each explored area. This method is an interesting contribution as a
      morphological, slightly invasive evaluation of arterial lesions when computerized
      systems are not available.

PMID- 6373258
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography in the diagnosis of arterial complications after
      renal transplantation.
AB  - Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was used to study arterial complications
      following renal transplantation in 33 patients. The results were compared with
      clinical follow-up and in three cases with conventional angiography. In 9 per
      cent using DSA (3 cases) we experienced inadequate visualization of the renal
      arteries of the graft; in 91 per cent, the visualization was diagnostically
      sufficient. In 53 per cent, we discovered an arterial stenosis of the main artery
      or segmental artery and in one case an AV-fistula. No morbidity resulted during
      the procedure. We consider DSA to be the best non-invasive method in the
      evaluation of patients with suspected renal artery stenosis following kidney
      transplantation.

PMID- 6373259
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography in postoperative evaluation of peripheral
      vascular disease.
AB  - The authors present the results of intravenous Digital Subtraction Angiography
      (DSA) in 41 patients examined after vascular surgery for peripheral disease. The
      digital technique has always been able to show the patency of the graft or the
      existence of complications (obstruction, stenosis, pseudoaneurysm), even in
      asymptomatic patients. The images were of good or excellent quality in 90% of the
      cases. The equipment with C-arm proved to be very useful for the oblique
      projections which were required in about 20% of the examinations.

PMID- 6373260
TI  - Fibromuscular dysplasia, a pitfall in intravenous digital subtraction
      angiography.
AB  - Intravenous Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) is described in a patient with
      severe fibromuscular renal artery dysplasia. DSA identified only a mild
      renovascular stenosis, while intraarterial angiography demonstrated multiple
      severe stenoses alternating with aneurysmatic segments. This case confirms the
      limitations of intravenous subtraction angiography. Higher spatial resolution is
      required if small stenoses are to be ruled out.

PMID- 6373261
TI  - Contrast media in abdominal computed tomography. A double blind clinical trial
      comparing a non-ionic (iohexol) and an ionic (metrizoate) contrast medium.
AB  - Abdominal computed tomography was performed in 55 patients before and after
      intravenous injection of 60 ml of a non-ionic (iohexol) or an ionic (metrizoate)
      contrast medium. The adverse effects were recorded and a series of measurements
      of attenuation values before and after the contrast medium injection was
      performed in the aorta and in hepatic and renal parenchyma. Only minor adverse
      effects were seen with both contrast media, but iohexol was clearly better
      tolerated than metrizoate. No difference in the enhancement properties was found
      between the two contrast media.

PMID- 6373262
TI  - Subgroups of class 1 antiarrhythmic drugs.

PMID- 6373263
TI  - Is stress testing useful when ischaemic heart disease is unlikely?

PMID- 6373264
TI  - European Infarction Study (E.I.S.). A secondary prevention study with slow
      release oxprenolol after myocardial infarction: morbidity and mortality.
AB  - A multicentre, double-blind, randomized study was carried out to compare the
      effect on survival, cardiac mortality and non-fatal cardiac events of oxprenolol
      slow release 160 mg b.i.d. compared with placebo in 1741 patients 35 to 69 years
      of age who had survived acute myocardial infarction. The patients were entered 14
      36 days after infarction and were followed for one year. Recruitment was
      discontinued before the scheduled 4000 patients had been entered. There were 57
      deaths (6.6%) in patients randomized with respect to oxprenolol as compared with
      45 deaths (5.1%) in patients randomized with respect to placebo. The difference
      in cumulative mortality rates (30.4%) is not statistically significant. 275
      patients from each treatment group discontinued trial medication. The proportion
      of deaths was noted to be higher in patients who discontinued trial medication
      (oxprenolol 13.1%; placebo 7.6%) and in patients 65-69 years (oxprenolol 16.7%;
      placebo 5.6%). In the 1472 patients less than 65 years of age there was a
      tendency to a lower mortality in 478 'high risk' patients on beta-blockade
      [oxprenolol 16 patients (6.9%); placebo 25 patients (10.2%)] as compared with a
      somewhat higher mortality in the corresponding low risk group (oxprenolol 20
      patients [4.0%]; placebo 12 patients [2.4%]). In the 1010 patients under 65 years
      of age who continued on trial medication, 15 patients (3%) in the oxprenolol
      group and 22 patients (4.3%) in the placebo group died. The overall results in
      our trial failed to confirm apparently positive effects in other secondary
      prevention trials. Debate especially concerns patients older than 65 years of
      age, patients at relatively low risk, and patients who discontinued oxprenolol
      treatment.

PMID- 6373265
TI  - Acute myocardial infarction in renal transplant recipients: incidence and
      prognosis.
AB  - Acute myocardial infarction occurred in 11 of 212 consecutive renal transplant
      recipients. This incidence is more than 10 times greater than that for an age-
      and sex-matched unselected population. All 11 patients died from infarction. 5 of
      the first attack and the rest within the nest 12 months from recurrence. The risk
      of developing myocardial infarction was greatest for older recipients who had
      been suffering from angina pectoris prior to the transplantation.

PMID- 6373266
TI  - Electrophysiological effects of ethmozin on sinus nodal function in patients with
      and without sinus node dysfunction.
AB  - The electrophysiological effects of intravenously administered ethmozin (1 mg kg
      1) on sinus node function were examined in 32 patients. Based on their clinical
      data and the results of the initial study, patients were subdivided into group A
      (n = 12), those with sick sinus syndrome and sinus node recovery time (SNRT)
      greater than 1500 ms, and group B (n = 20), those without overt sinus node
      dysfunction and a normal SNRT. The mean sinus cycle length did not change
      significantly in either group after ethmozin . SNRT was prolonged by ethmozin in
      group A whereas in group B the increase of SNRT was not significant. Corrected
      SNRT increased after ethmozin in both subgroups but with a much more pronounced
      increase in group A. Sinoatrial conduction time was not significantly changed in
      any group. The lengthening of SNRT in the majority of patients with sick sinus
      syndrome implies that ethmozin might prolong post-tachycardia pauses in these
      patients. This drug should therefore be administered cautiously to persons with
      signs indicative of dysfunction of the sinus node.

PMID- 6373267
TI  - First degree atrioventricular block.
AB  - First degree A-V block, defined as prolongation of the PR interval on the surface
      electrocardiogram, is a not uncommon finding on electrocardiographic screening of
      asymptomatic young individuals. Prevalences of from 0.65% to 1.1% have been
      reported. In the majority of cases the PR prolongation may be rendered normal by
      autonomic intervention. Long-term follow-up studies have indicated that although
      the risk of subsequent coronary artery disease may be slightly increased, the
      risk of sudden death, syncope or advanced A-V block is not. Apart from the
      exclusion of organic heart disease, detailed invasive investigation is not
      warranted. It is a benign condition and as such no restriction on fitness to fly
      need be made on these individuals, but there may be a case for increased
      electrocardiographic scrutiny.

PMID- 6373268
TI  - Second degree atrioventricular block.
AB  - Type II block, or type I block when associated with bundle branch block, carry a
      relatively high risk in terms of progression to higher degrees of A-V block. Long
      term follow-up studies of subjects with type I block and narrow QRS complexes
      have however produced rather conflicting results. Some studies have indicated
      that the condition is benign whilst others have reported a high incidence of
      progression to symptomatic complete heart block requiring permanent pacemaker
      implantation. Aircrew with type I second degree A-V block and narrow QRS
      complexes should undergo extensive evaluation but may be fit for multi-crew
      operations. The diagnosis of type II A-V block or type I block with wide QRS
      complexes should disbar from medical certification to fly.

PMID- 6373269
TI  - Congenital complete heart block.
AB  - Isolated reports of patients, including aviators, with congenital complete heart
      block suggest a benign prognosis. However, prospective studies of adolescents and
      adults with congenital complete heart block reveal an unpredictable incidence of
      impairment of consciousness and sudden death. Congenital complete heart block is,
      therefore, a contraindication to professional pilot status.

PMID- 6373270
TI  - Ventricular pre-excitation.
AB  - Pilots and new applicants with asymptomatic 'safe' WPW syndrome should be allowed
      to fly but not as pilot in sole command. Professional pilots with tachyarrhythmia
      related to a pre-excitation syndrome should usually be disqualified . Personnel
      who have undergone successful surgical treatment by ablation of an accessory
      pathway could be considered for recertification to fly but drug therapy is at
      present unacceptable.

PMID- 6373271
TI  - Mitral leaflet prolapse.
AB  - Mitral leaflet prolapse (MLP) is a common condition but sudden or subtle
      incapacity will occasionally present due to (a) arrhythmia, (b) systemic emboli,
      (c) sudden onset of severe mitral regurgitation due to chordal rupture, (d) non
      anginal chest pain. It seems reasonable to allow asymptomatic subjects with MLP
      to maintain unrestricted flying status provided that they have no family history
      of sudden death, no evidence of significant arrhythmia on Holter
      electrocardiographic monitoring, a normal exercise electrocardiogram, and no
      increase in left atrial or left ventricular dimensions on the echocardiogram. The
      Holter recording, exercise test and echocardiogram may need to be repeated at
      intervals. Any departure from these requirements might require restriction to
      multi-crew operation only.

PMID- 6373272
TI  - Mitral valve disease.
AB  - Mitral stenosis is a progressive lesion carrying a relatively high risk of sudden
      incapacitation from systemic embolus or the onset of atrial fibrillation. Since
      the condition is likely to be significant when diagnosed, it is not compatible
      with single-crew professional operations and requires careful supervision. The
      presence of mild mitral regurgitation where the aetiology has been shown not to
      be due to chordal rupture, papillary muscle dysfunction secondary to coronary
      artery disease, rheumatic mitral valve disease, or Marfan's disease, where left
      atrial and left ventricular dimensions are shown to be normal on the
      echocardiogram, and where follow-up over at least a year has shown no progression
      of disease, may be consistent with full certification. Regular cardiological
      review with echocardiography and exercise electrocardiography is required. Any
      departure from these guidelines may lead to restriction of flying status to multi
      crew operations, or denial.

PMID- 6373273
TI  - Aortic valve disease.
AB  - AORTIC STENOSIS Clinical suspicion of significant aortic stenosis even in the
      presence of a normal chest X-ray and electrocardiogram should lead to careful 2-D
      echocardiographic examination. The lesion can be adjudged mild and the subject
      probably certificated if the recording shows normal septal and posterior wall
      thickness, normal left ventricular dimensions and fractional shortening and a
      valve opening greater than 15 mm. In cases of doubt or where technically
      satisfactory echocardiograms are unobtainable, cardiac catheterization is likely
      to be mandatory. For unrestricted certification the peak systolic gradient across
      the valve should be less than 20 mmHg and the LV end-diastolic pressure less than
      12 mmHg at rest, and both must remain within these limits on exercise to three
      times resting oxygen consumption. AORTIC REGURGITATION Any abnormality of
      electrocardiogram at rest or on exercise, or of the chest X-ray, any increase in
      left ventricular dimensions on echocardiography, a diastolic pressure below 65
      mmHg and/or pulse pressure greater than 55 mmHg is likely to lead to cardiac
      catheterization. For full certification any angiographic regurgitation should be
      trivial.

PMID- 6373274
TI  - The patient after cardiac valve surgery--risks and complications.
AB  - Nearly all forms of valve surgery are incompatible with fitness to fly. The
      biological valves have a small but definite thrombo-embolic risk and are prone to
      late failure. The prosthetic valves require long-term anticoagulant therapy and
      carry an unacceptable risk of thrombo-embolism. The only possible exception is
      the unmounted homograft in the aortic position. If two years after such a valve
      replacement a patient can be shown to have a normal resting electrocardiogram, a
      normal chest X-ray, a normal exercise stress test, a normal echocardiographic
      left ventricular chamber size and wall thickness and evidence of no significant
      gradient across the valve, consideration should be given to certification for
      multi-crew operation, subject to annual examination by a cardiologist. A
      satisfactory open mitral valvotomy with obliteration of the left atrial appendage
      in an airman in sinus rhythm might allow certification to fly 'as or with co
      pilot', subject to strict annual review which should include clinical
      cardiological examination, echocardiography and exercise electrocardiography.
      Satisfactory conservative repair of the 'floppy' mitral valve with no clinical or
      echocardiographic evidence of significant residual mitral regurgitation may
      similarly allow a return to flying with a restricted licence .

PMID- 6373275
TI  - Flying and congenital heart disease.
AB  - Only those congenital defects carrying a very low risk of complication (either
      before or after surgical correction) were considered. Atrial Septal Defects--(a)
      Ostium primum defects should be treated with caution either before or after
      surgical correction because of the risk of progressive conduction disorders and
      mitral regurgitation. (b) Ostium secundum defects could be considered for
      licensing (if the defect is small) or with surgical repair if the right
      ventricular systolic pressure is normal. (c) Sinus venosus defects--if too small
      to require surgical repair, licensing may be considered provided ambulatory
      electrocardiographic monitoring shows no evidence of arrhythmias. Surgery
      increases the risk of sino-atrial disease, thus licensing should be permitted
      only where there is no evidence of arrhythmia and adequate cardiological follow
      up is possible. Ventricular Septal Defects--Subjects with very small defects not
      requiring surgical closure may be considered for licensing. Subjects who have had
      surgical closure have a risk of arrhythmias and should be carefully evaluated.
      Pulmonary Stenosis--If mild (either before or after surgery) may be licensed, but
      regular assessment perhaps including right heart catheterization is needed to
      demonstrate stability of the lesion. Persistent Ductus Arteriosus--Surgical
      closure should be recommended on diagnosis and need not affect licensing.
      Isolated Bicuspid Aortic Valve--Need not debar from licensing, but careful annual
      examination (with electrocardiogram 2-D echocardiography and fluroscopy ) is
      required to detect calcification, stenosis or regurgitation. Coarctation of aorta
      -Subjects who have had a repair before the age of 12 years may be considered for
      licensing after examination of other risk factors (blood pressure at rest and on
      exercise in particular). Those repaired over the age of 12 may be considered for
      restricted licensing if normotensive. These recommendations will need review in
      the light of further long-term studies currently under way.

PMID- 6373276
TI  - Assessment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in potential aircrew.
AB  - On account of the risks of: (1) sudden death; (2) significant arrhythmias; (3)
      reduction in effort tolerance due to severe cardiac hypertrophy; (4) syncope; (5)
      systemic embolism and (6) side effects of drugs used to treat the condition, no
      patient with established hypertrophic cardiomyopathy should be licensed to fly.
      This includes those who may have undergone surgery. Those with minor degrees of
      hypertrophy on 2-D echo may be considered for restricted licensing subject to
      their having a normal exercise test and no significant arrhythmia on 24 h
      ambulatory electrocardiogram. If licensed, six-monthly review by a cardiologist
      should be required.

PMID- 6373277
TI  - Risk factors for coronary heart disease--assessment in airline pilots.
AB  - Biochemical risk factors have a potent impact on the overall risk in the
      development of coronary heart disease (CHD). This impact is greater in men and in
      women after the menopause. The prevalence of familial hypercholesterolaemia
      (Familial Type IIa) in the U.K. is approximately 2.5/1000, and 50% of affected
      males develop overt CHD by the age of 50. The prevalence of Type III
      hyperlipoproteinaemia is lower. More minor elevations of the plasma cholesterol
      in association with smoking and/or hypertension, however, may confer a similar
      overall risk of CHD. Usually minor adverse biochemical effects may be produced by
      treatment with antihypertensive agents. It is suggested that measurement of
      fasting cholesterol, including the HDL fraction, together with triglyceride and
      glucose in new applicants for medical certificates to fly, will identify a small
      subset at high risk for the development of CHD. Repeat studies at intervals would
      then be needed. The presence of abnormalities in the plasma lipids associated
      with excessive smoking and/or minor hypertension make a reasonable case for
      denying a single-crew certification.

PMID- 6373278
TI  - Diuretics, potassium depletion and the risk of arrhythmias.
AB  - Evidence is available which suggests that the use of thiazide diuretics in the
      treatment of essential hypertension causes a fall in both plasma and total body
      potassium. The incidence of ventricular arrhythmias is proportional to the
      potassium deficit and may be enhanced by concomitant magnesium deficiency.
      Potassium loss may be minimized by limiting the dose of diuretic and by
      restricting sodium intake. Potassium chloride supplements are of relatively
      limited value and potassium-conserving diuretics are to be preferred in aviators.
      To reduce the potential risk of rhythm disturbance, aircrew receiving thiazide
      diuretics should be managed to ensure a serum potassium level at least 3.5 mmol l
      1 after stabilization on therapy.

PMID- 6373279
TI  - The problem of hypertension in aviators.
AB  - Any pilot who is found to have a diastolic blood pressure greater than 100 mmHg
      should be investigated and grounded or restricted to multi-crew operation pending
      control of the blood pressure. Those subsequently receiving thiazide diuretics
      should have their serum potassium level checked when established on treatment,
      and potassium supplements or potassium-sparing diuretics prescribed if necessary.
      Treatment including beta-blocking therapy will require satisfactory performance
      testing. Cigarette smoking should be strongly and actively discouraged in pilots.
      High alcohol consumption is clearly hazardous and is a cause of hypertension.
      Useful biochemical markers of alcohol abuse include mean cell volume and gamma
      glutamyl transferase. There are abundant reasons for a conservative approach to
      new antihypertensive drugs in professional aircrew.

PMID- 6373280
TI  - Risk indicators for death in patients treated for hypertension; emphasis on
      consequences for airline pilots.
AB  - The treatment of hypertensive aircrew should also include changes in dietary
      habits, and advice against smoking. Relaxation exercises and changes in life
      style may prove of benefit. Increasing age, hypertension and smoking multiply to
      give a risk of cardiovascular event which merits careful assessment.

PMID- 6373281
TI  - Risk of a coronary heart attack in the normal population and how it might be
      modified in flyers.
AB  - Fatal accident rates in passenger aircraft can be compared directly with coronary
      heart attack rates in pilots. Although heart attacks are unpredictable in the
      short term and about 50% of them might cause immediate total incapacitation,
      rates are such that only a very small percentage of fatal accidents could come
      from this cause. Risk of attack is highly age- and sex-dependent but pilots
      should be at lower risk than the general population as half of the events in the
      latter are recurrences in those with manifest disease which would usually lead to
      permanent loss of licence . Identification of other markers for coronary heart
      disease and of coronary risk factors in pilots could lead to a further potential
      reduction in risk but the effect is small and could be brought about only by
      grounding a large proportion of existing pilots. Below the age of 50, risk in men
      is small but above this age special scrutiny may be justified for those involved
      in single-pilot operations. Better data on the actual risk of developing coronary
      heart disease in pilots should be provided by setting up a central recording
      system covering both active aircrew and those who retire for whatever reason.

PMID- 6373282
TI  - The prevention of ischaemic heart disease in flyers.
AB  - The question of secondary prevention in flyers arises only rarely, since those
      who have previously had episodes of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) are rarely
      allowed to resume flying. The strongest evidence on the effectiveness, or
      otherwise, of suggested primary preventive measures comes from randomized
      controlled trials, but the indications of observational studies should also be
      taken into account. A number of trials are due to report within the next few
      months or years and will strengthen the scientific basis for or against various
      recommendations. Meanwhile, evidence currently available suggests that the
      control of 'mild' hypertension may reduce the risk of IHD, though the evidence on
      this point is hardly strong enough to warrant any firm recommendation. There is
      more convincing, though not unassailable , evidence that dietary measures
      intended to reduce blood cholesterol levels are effective. In relative terms, the
      reduction of cigarette smoking is likely to have its greatest preventive impact
      in younger men but there is little good information on methods for persuading
      those who are at high risk of IHD to comply with preventive advice.

PMID- 6373283
TI  - Routine and exercise electrocardiography in aircrew; technique, interpretation,
      and recommendations.
AB  - The current CAA requirements for routine electrocardiographic surveillance of
      flyers is outlined, and the need for care in recording techniques is stressed.
      Electrocardiographs should meet current standards and be in good repair. Exercise
      electrocardiograms should not be employed routinely, except possibly for flyers
      over 50 years of age engaged in single-pilot commercial operations. Exercise
      tests are of value for individuals with equivocal symptoms or equivocal
      repolarization changes but the results should be interpreted as far as possible
      on the basis of probability analysis: to report tests as 'positive' without
      amplification and with implication of high predictive accuracy is unsatisfactory.
      The techniques of effort testing should be standardized, should be conducted with
      scrupulous attention to detail, and should be performed only in centres specified
      and approved for the evaluation of pilots' fitness to fly.

PMID- 6373285
TI  - Radionuclide imaging.
AB  - Recent advances in nuclear cardiology have included the application of
      radionuclide imaging techniques to the detection of coronary artery disease.
      Exercise Thallium-201 myocardial imaging has proved a sensitive and specific test
      for the detection of significant coronary artery disease and allows
      differentiation between myocardial ischaemia and infarction. Other conditions
      affecting the myocardium may produce abnormal myocardial images but, with
      recognition of this and the variations seen in normal subjects, the diagnostic
      accuracy of Thallium-201 myocardial imaging compares favourably with exercise
      electrocardiography. The technique is particularly useful where the exercise
      electrocardiogram is non-diagnostic or equivocal. Preliminary results from
      application to screening asymptomatic subjects have been encouraging.
      Radionuclide ventriculography allows the assessment of global and regional left
      ventricular function. The development of new regional wall motion abnormalities
      during stress is a highly specific indicator of the presence of myocardial
      ischaemia, and combined with analysis of the left ventricular ejection fraction
      response to exercise provides a sensitive test for the detection of significant
      coronary artery disease. Probability theory allows consideration of the place of
      these techniques in the investigation of the individual with proven or suspected
      coronary artery disease.

PMID- 6373284
TI  - The importance of minor abnormalities in the resting electrocardiogram.
AB  - Minor abnormalities of the ST segment and T wave are seen in about 1% of the
      resting electrocardiograms of the 'normal' population. Such changes are found
      more commonly in people of African descent and with increasing age. In young
      people they are often not present when the recording is repeated. In
      epidemiological studies minor ST segment and T wave (ST-T) electrocardiographic
      changes have been found to be associated with an increased risk of death.
      However, a sizeable minority of subjects with such abnormalities have symptoms
      suggesting ischaemic heart disease, and the presence of such symptoms is much
      more important as a risk predictor than are the electrocardiographic changes
      themselves. It is important that 'non-specific' ST-T wave changes should be
      accurately documented, perhaps using the Minnesota code. Aircrew found to have
      such changes should have an effort test, but if this is normal and if they are
      asymptomatic their licences need not be restricted.

PMID- 6373286
TI  - Natural history of minor coronary events.
AB  - Coronary artery disease is an important potential cause of a sudden event such as
      myocardial infarction, chest pain or an arrhythmia. These may lead to immediate
      and unexpected incapacitation of a pilot. Current techniques for investigation
      allow the detection of a group of patients who have sustained a myocardial
      infarct or a major coronary event and who have a prognosis which is appreciably
      worse than that of the general population. But identification of a group with a
      good prognosis is more difficult. It is equally difficult to identify reliably
      patients who have suffered a minor coronary event and have an excellent
      prognosis. The presence of coronary disease predicts coronary events.

PMID- 6373287
TI  - Prognostic significance of coronary angiography.
AB  - In the London Chest Hospital coronary artery study, patients without coronary
      artery disease involving the main trunks or with an isolated single main vessel
      lesion had an annual mortality rate of 1.5%. Many of these were asymptomatic when
      investigated but may have previously suffered angina or myocardial infarction.
      The data further suggested that even in asymptomatic subjects, mild coronary
      artery disease is associated with an annual mortality of 0.9%. Its presence
      therefore is a powerful risk factor for further manifestations of disease and
      should preclude unrestricted certification to fly.

PMID- 6373289
TI  - Sinus node arrest and sino--atrial block.
AB  - Current epidemiological data suggest that sinus node dysfunction is a relatively
      uncommon condition in the pilot age group. Symptomatic pauses of any mechanism
      suggest disqualification from flying duties. Asymptomatic pauses (representing
      sino-atrial block or sinus node arrest) demand further investigation and regular
      follow-up. Idiopathic pauses greater than 2.5 s on an ambulatory ECG is abnormal
      and is likely to deny flying status.

PMID- 6373288
TI  - The airline pilot after coronary artery bypass grafting.
AB  - The prognosis following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is still being
      established in the long term. Graft-attrition occurs at a rate of 10% per annum
      in the first year, falling to 2-3% per annum in the second and subsequent years.
      Only 46% of symptomatic individuals treated surgically in one series were symptom
      free at five years but newer surgical techniques may improve this figure. The
      risk of graft-atheroma increases with time as does the risk of atheroma in the
      native circulation. Nevertheless, sudden late cardiac death was not observed in
      the three to five year follow-up in the surgical group of the European Coronary
      Surgery Study Group. It is suggested that a pilot may be considered for
      certification for multi-crew operation 12 months after CABG, subject to the
      demonstration of a normal contrast ventriculogram, patent grafts without other
      significant disease, and a normal exercise electrocardiogram and exercise
      thallium 201 scan. Follow-up should be by six-monthly exercise
      electrocardiography and annual thallium scanning. A coronary angiogram should be
      performed not more than five years after recertification. The intermediate and
      long-term prognosis following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is unknown.

PMID- 6373290
TI  - Atrial fibrillation.
AB  - Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia and one which may cause pilot
      incapacitation. In many cases there may be no more than one episode and there
      will be no organic heart disease. Prediction of the risk of recurrence is not
      possible. Atrial fibrillation in both paroxysmal and persistent forms should be
      disqualifying for Class I or unrestricted Class III certification. Individuals
      with a single episode of atrial fibrillation related to a reversible toxic cause
      but with no evidence of organic heart disease could be considered for restricted
      duty subject to echocardiographic and ambulatory electrocardiographic follow up.
      Atrial flutter and atrial tachycardia should disbar from aircrew duties.

PMID- 6373291
TI  - Aviation accident risk and aircrew licensing.

PMID- 6373292
TI  - Ventricular ectopic activity and its relevance to aircrew licensing.
AB  - Ventricular ectopic complex ( VEC ) activity is seen frequently, both in patients
      with cardiovascular disease and in normal subjects. It has been claimed to be
      predictive of cardiovascular disease but in the asymptomatic individual it may be
      benign. Unifocal ventricular ectopic complexes with activity greater than 2 per
      100 on the resting electrocardiogram of an applicant for a flying licence should
      be assessed. Further investigation including exercise electrocardiography and
      tape monitoring may be indicated. Even following investigation, empirically high
      counts may be acceptable only for multi-crew operation. Complex ventricular
      ectopic activity including multiformity, pairs, ventricular tachycardia, R-on-T
      ectopic beats, bigeminy and trigeminy, and parasystole, are incompatible with
      unrestricted certification and most are incompatible with any form of
      certification as individual risk-stratification is not yet possible. Of these,
      bigeminal arrhythmias are, however, likely to be the most benign, while R-on-T
      ectopic complexes and ventricular tachycardia are the most malignant.

PMID- 6373293
TI  - A French double-blind crossover study (danazol versus placebo) in the treatment
      of severe fibrocystic breast disease.
AB  - The Authors report their experience in a double-blind, crossover study (danazol
      versus placebo) in 38 patients suffering from severe benign mastopathy. The
      results were evaluated with regard to clinical data (mastodynia, breast
      nodularity) and data from comparative infrared thermography. Danazol was given in
      a dose of 400 mg/day for 3 months. Placebo, in identical packing, was also given
      for a three month period. In 32 cases out of 38, there was an improvement with
      Danazol treatment. For some patients, thermography was more precise than clinical
      part. Side effects consisted predominantly of menstrual disorders recorded in 30
      cases and a generally moderate weight gain in 23 cases. In the light of these
      results it appears that danazol constitutes a powerful agent in the treatment of
      severe benign mastopathy of the breast. The best dosage and best duration of
      treatment remain to be specified. Finally, the original contribution of the
      thermographic document deserves to be underlined.

PMID- 6373294
TI  - Investigation of the blood-brain barrier for IgG in inflammatory syndromes of the
      central nervous system.
AB  - To investigate whether an intravenously administered compound of the IgG class is
      able to penetrate the CSF barrier despite its high molecular weight, 12 hepatitis
      B surface antibody (anti-HBs)-negative patients received 20 ml each of a beta
      propiolactone-treated IgG compound with a high anti-HBs titer (1:115,000) as a
      marker. 8 had an inflammatory CSF syndrome. In cases of inflammatory CSF
      syndromes, significantly more marked IgG crossed the blood-brain barrier, this
      could be of considerable clinical importance.

PMID- 6373295
TI  - Transplantation of hepatocytes for treatment of surgically induced acute hepatic
      failure in the rat.
AB  - Efficacy of transplanted hepatocytes was evaluated in rats with a surgically
      induced acute hepatic failure. After 75% liver resection and portacaval shunt,
      the intrasplenic or intraperitoneal injection of 20 million isolated fresh
      hepatocytes was shown to significantly reduce the mortality rate. These results
      confirm that the transplantation of isolated hepatocytes may prevent death in
      rats with acute hepatic failure, and suggest that hepatocyte transplantation acts
      by a mechanism of hepatic support.

PMID- 6373296
TI  - The influence of warm and cold ischemic time on the outcome of cadaveric renal
      transplantation.
AB  - The influence of warm and cold ischemic time (WIT and CIT) on renal allograft
      function and allograft survival rates was analyzed from the Eurotransplant data.
      From 1977 through 1980 renal allograft recipients were divided into three groups,
      according to the length of the WIT of their graft: group I, 0-10 min (n = 2,636);
      group II, 11-20 min (n = 108); group III, 21-35 min (n = 17). Differences in
      graft function or graft survival have not been observed between these groups. It
      is concluded that donor kidneys with a WIT up to 20 min are acceptable for
      transplantation. The transplantation results in group III suggest that 35 min is
      a safe limit for acceptance, but the small number of transplantations in this
      group does not justify a firm conclusion. A combined analysis of warm and cold
      ischemia shows that simple cold storage up to 50 h is safe and acceptable,
      provided that warm ischemia is kept minimal (less than 10 min). It seems
      advisable to keep hypothermic preservation within the limit of 30 h, when WIT
      exceeds 10 min.

PMID- 6373297
TI  - Evaluation of severity and prognosis in early stages of septicemia by means of
      chromogenic peptide substrate assays.
AB  - Components of the plasma protease systems were determined by means of chromogenic
      peptide substrate assays during the early stage of septicemia in 21 patients of
      whom 11 died. The proenzyme functional inhibition index, calculated from the
      measured values for plasma prekallikrein, functional kallikrein inhibition,
      plasminogen and functional antiplasmin and antithrombin III activities, were
      markedly reduced in both groups, but significantly lower in the fatal cases than
      in the survivors from the first day of septicemia and throughout the observation
      period. Fatal septicemia thus appear to be associated with a more extensive
      proteolytic activity in plasma than nonfatal septicemia and can be readily
      disclosed by calculation of the proenzyme functional inhibition index.

PMID- 6373298
TI  - A possible role of intestinal mucin in the pathophysiology of intestinal
      strangulation obstruction. Consequences of tracing a clinical observation.
AB  - In intestinal strangulation obstruction, the pathophysiology is created by
      factors deriving from the host as well as from the intestinal flora. This article
      has focused upon the importance of one host-derived factor, i.e. intestinal
      mucin. Based upon a long series of in vitro and in vivo experiments utilizing
      germfree as well as conventional animals, it is concluded that intestinal mucin
      plays a major role in triggering a pathological plasma proteolysis, thereby
      interacting with microbial products (as endotoxin) in creating the whole variety
      of serious symptoms found in this situation.

PMID- 6373299
TI  - Psoas-hitch ureteroneocystostomy: experience with 181 cases.
AB  - The operative technique, indications and results of the psoas-hitch
      ureteroneocystostomy in 181 patients are reported. The principles of this
      procedure are as follows. Dissection of the ureter under direct vision, fixation
      of the mobilized bladder to the psoas muscle, longitudinal opening of the bladder
      up to the point of fixation, implantation of the ureter in an immobile bladder
      portion using a long submucosal tunnel. The original course of the ureter is
      maintained and is identical to the axis of the fixed bladder part. The broad
      spectrum of indications includes the repair of distal ureteral defects due to
      iatrogenic lesion, radiotherapy or inflammation, correction of congenital
      ureteral anomalies as well as therapy of reflux in adulthood and complicated
      reflux in children. Especially in cases in which previous ureteroneocystostomy
      has failed, the psoas-hitch plasty is the method of choice. Contraindications are
      neurogenic bladder dysfunction and a highly reduced bladder capacity or the
      impossibility of bladder mobilization because of a 'frozen pelvis'. The success
      rate of psoas-hitch ureteroneocystostomy performed in 181 cases was 96.7%. The
      preconditions for a successful ureteroneocystostomy are: tension-free anastomosis
      between ureter and bladder; antireflux implantation of the ureter through a long
      submucosal tunnel, and a straight course of the implanted ureter without kinking
      at the point of entrance into the bladder.

PMID- 6373300
TI  - Pathogenesis and treatment of hypertension in renal tuberculosis.
AB  - 39 patients underwent partial or total unilateral nephrectomy for treatment of
      renal tuberculosis. Before surgery, blood pressure was increased in 12 cases
      (30%). 5 patients had only mild hypertension which was not modified following
      surgery. 7 patients had moderate to severe hypertension, and in 5 of them blood
      pressure was normalized following nephrectomy, indicating a renal pressure
      mechanism. Special investigations in some of these patients revealed no evidence
      of a pathogenic role of the adrenergic system, but support the participation of
      the renin-angiotensin system in at least some patients with hypertension
      associated with renal tuberculosis.

PMID- 6373301
TI  - Treatment of neoplastic meningitis.

PMID- 6373302
TI  - Bronchodilator effect of sublingual isosorbide dinitrate in asthma.
AB  - The bronchodilating effect of 5 mg sublingual isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) was
      studied in 10 patients with bronchial asthma, using the double-blind randomised
      cross-over method with matched placebo. In a further 20 asthmatics the effect of
      sublingual ISDN was compared with that of metaproterenol given by a metered dose
      inhaler to a total dose of 2.25 mg, again using the cross-over method. The forced
      oscillation method was used to measure respiratory resistance (Rrs) and
      spirometry was used to measure vital capacity (VC) and forced expiratory volume
      in one second (FEV1). 5 minutes after administration of ISDN Rrs had decreased (p
      less than 0.05) and VC (p less than 0.01) and FEV1 (p less than 0.01) were
      significantly increased. The changes were still present after 15, 30 and 60 min.
      The placebo had no significant effect. ISDN increased FEV1 less than
      metaproterenol, and the difference between them was statistically significant (p
      less than 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between ISDN and
      metaproterenol in the improvement in Rrs and VC. Of the total of 30 patients, 11
      experienced headache and 4 had transient hypotension after ISDN administration.
      These side effects subsided spontaneously. It was concluded that sublingual ISDN
      had a bronchodilating effect in stable asthmatics.

PMID- 6373303
TI  - Comparison of hydrochlorothiazide and atenolol as initial treatment in
      uncomplicated hypertension.
AB  - After screening a local population in the northern part of The Netherlands for
      hypertension, 119 patients with a diastolic pressure (DP) between 95 and 120 mmHg
      were randomised and treated either with 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide (n = 59) or 100
      mg atenolol (n = 60). After 1 month of treatment 6 patients in the
      hydrochlorothiazide group and 24 patients in the atenolol group had reached a DP
      less than or equal to 90 mmHg (p less than 0.001). 43 of the 50 non-responders to
      hydrochlorothiazide were switched to atenolol and 30 of the 35 non-responders to
      atenolol were changed to hydrochlorothiazide. One month after the switch 19
      patients in the atenolol group and 2 patients in the hydrochlorothiazide group
      had reached a DP less than or equal to 90 mmHg (p less than 0.001). After 6
      months of treatment 32 of the 43 atenolol responders and 7 of the 8
      hydrochlorothiazide responders were still receiving the same medication, as their
      DP was still less than or equal to 90 mmHg. Non-responders to either medication
      were given the combination (n = 46). 21 patients now became normotensive as did a
      further 10 after increasing the dose of atenolol to 200 mg. Thus, in all 70
      patients had a blood pressure less than or equal to 90 mmHg after treatment for 4
      months. Both drugs induced a significant reduction in the total of number of
      complaints after 1 month of treatment. They did not differ from each other. The
      reduction was seen both in responders and non-responders and persisted during
      treatment for 6 months. It is concluded that in terms of short-term efficacy the
      cardioselective, hydrophilic beta adrenoceptor-blocking drug atenolol is
      preferable to hydrochlorothiazide in the treatment of uncomplicated hypertension.

PMID- 6373304
TI  - The effect of T lymphocyte depletion on neonatal tolerance induction, graft-vs.
      host disease and cellular chimerism.
AB  - Treatment with a monoclonal anti-Thy-1 antibody and complement completely
      prevented C57BL spleen cells from causing graft-vs.-host disease following their
      inoculation into newborn CBA mice. The proportion of mice that became tolerant to
      C57BL antigens, as measured by skin grafting, was significantly less compared
      with mice given (CBA X C57BL)F1 hybrid cells. This was not due to the elimination
      of T cells, for antibody-treated F1 cells induced tolerance as readily as
      complement-treated control F1 cells. To investigate whether the apparent
      superiority of F1 cells over C57BL cells is attributable to differences in the
      mechanism inducing and maintaining unresponsiveness, two approaches were
      followed. First, the level of donor cell chimerism in the spleens of tolerant
      animals was studied. Though no difference between F1 and C57BL cells was
      uncovered, the presence of T cells in the donor inocula favored the establishment
      of chimerism. Second, the involvement of suppressor T cells was examined in
      adoptive transfer experiments. Splenic suppressor T cells were associated with
      tolerance regardless of how it was elicited. Preliminary results with F1 cells
      show that the tolerogenic property is not confined to any one cell type. It is
      proposed that the greater tolerogenicity of F1 cells is brought about by the
      presence of host-type (self) antigens, which enable the tolerogenic signals to
      operate without recourse to antigen processing by host cells.

PMID- 6373305
TI  - Antigenic polymorphism of Trypanosoma cruzi: clonal analysis of trypomastigote
      surface antigens.
AB  - The surface membrane antigens of infectious Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes
      were studied at the levels of the strain and of individual trypomastigote clones.
      Blood trypomastigotes from three T. cruzi strains, Y, CL and Tehuantepec ("Teh"),
      were grown in vitro by weekly infection of J774 mouse macrophage tumor cells.
      Each T. cruzi strain was subsequently cloned by infection of J774 cells at
      limited trypomastigote dilution, and antisera were produced in mice against a
      selection of trypomastigote clones. Criss-cross panel analyses indicated the
      existence of a large degree of polymorphism among trypomastigote surface
      antigens. Various trypomastigote surface antigens were cross-reactive, appeared
      to be highly conserved, and were common to the three strains considered and to
      all the clones derived from each strain. Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that numerous trypomastigote antigenic
      proteins were precipitated by mouse antisera generated against cloned
      trypomastigotes. Some of these proteins were commonly distributed, while others
      were polymorphic. Finally, a state of cross-reactive immunity could be induced in
      C3H/He mice by infection with a cloned T. cruzi trypomastigote population. Immune
      mice resisted subsequent infections with lethal doses of wild-type bloodstream
      trypomastigotes from any one of the three T. cruzi strains.

PMID- 6373306
TI  - Captopril reduces purine loss and reperfusion arrhythmias in the rat heart after
      coronary artery occlusion.
AB  - Captopril was perfused through isolated rat hearts; its effects after local
      ischemia and reperfusion were assessed. Upon reperfusion all untreated (10 out of
      10) but only 4 (out of 10) captopril-treated (80 micrograms/ml) hearts
      fibrillated (P less than 0.02). Purine overflow increased upon reperfusion but
      was reduced by captopril (597 +/- 62 and 333 +/- 41 nmol/min gdwt respectively; P
      less than 0.05). The pressure-rate index and the apex displacement were severely
      impaired after 30 min of reperfusion (32 +/- 16 and 10 +/- 5% respectively of
      initial values) but captopril reduced the injury of mechanical function (60 +/-
      8; P less than 0.05 and 61 +/- 11; P less than 0.05 respectively). These results
      show that captopril reduces ventricular fibrillation and the loss of high energy
      phosphate nucleotides and thereby partly maintains mechanical function impaired
      by ischemia and reperfusion.

PMID- 6373307
TI  - The striato-nigro-collicular pathway and explosive running behaviour: functional
      interaction between neostriatal dopamine and collicular GABA.
AB  - The nature of the functional interaction between neostriatal dopamine activity
      and collicular GABA activity was studied. To this end we analyzed the ability of
      apomorphine injections into the neostriatum (50-500 ng/0.5 microliters per side)
      to reinitiate explosive running behaviour in rats pretreated with a subthreshold
      dose of picrotoxin into the colliculus superior (30-80 ng/0.5 microliters per
      side). Apomorphine was found to reinitiate the former behaviour dose dependently
      and its effect could be antagonized by a very low dose of neostriatally applied
      haloperidol (250 ng/0.5 microliters per side). It was possible to delineate the
      most critical region within the structures studied. Evidence is presented in
      favour of the previously reported hypothesis that increasing dopaminergic
      neostriatal activity within the terminal region of the nitrostriatal pathway
      results in a decreasing GABAergic activity within the terminal region of the
      GABAergic striato-nigro-collicular pathway.

PMID- 6373308
TI  - Effect of intrahypothalamic injection of [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin on feeding and
      temperature in the rat.
AB  - The effectiveness of the delta-opioid agonist [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin (DADLE)
      in eliciting alterations in feeding and core temperature in rats was compared to
      morphine. When injected into the ventromedial hypothalamus this peptide caused a
      dose-related increase in feeding which was rapid in onset and of short duration,
      and a short-lived increase in temperature. Neither of these effects was blocked
      by the intrahypothalamic injection of naloxone. The alpha-adrenoreceptor
      antagonist phentolamine significantly reduced DADLE-stimulated feeding, although
      it did not counteract the hyperthermia. Since the delta-opioid agonist DADLE is
      more potent than the mu-agonist, morphine, and produces its effect more rapidly,
      the delta-opiate receptor may have an influence on the regulation of feeding.

PMID- 6373310
TI  - A comparative study in rats of the respiratory depression and analgesia induced
      by mu- and delta-opioid agonists.
AB  - A comparison was made in awake rats between the analgesic and the respiratory
      depressant actions induced by the mu-opiate agonists morphine and Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-N
      Me-Phe-Met-(O)-ol (FK-33824), and the delta-agonists Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-D-Leu (
      DADLE ) and Tyr-D-Ser-Gly-Phe-D-Leu-Thr (D-Ser2- Thr6 ), injected into the
      cerebral ventricles. The four opioids caused a dose-dependent analgesia (tail
      flick); FK-33824 was the most potent, followed by morphine, DADLE and D-Ser2-
      Thr6 , and the duration of the analgesic effect of D-Ser2- Thr6 was very short.
      Respiratory frequency was dose-dependently depressed by FK-33824 and DADLE ; dose
      response curves with morphine and D-Ser2- Thr6 could not be obtained for
      technical reasons. The in vivo apparent pA2 values for naloxone against the mu
      agonist FK-33824 and the delta-agonist DADLE were similar in analgesia suggesting
      an interaction with the same type of receptor. On the other hand, in respiration
      studies the pA2 value for the interaction of naloxone with DADLE was
      significantly higher than with FK-33824. The ratio between the ED50 required to
      induce respiratory depression and analgesia was 1,500 times higher for FK-33824
      than for DADLE . It was concluded that agonist interaction with mu-receptors can
      result in antinociceptive effect in the tail-flick test, whereas respiratory
      depression seems to require a prominent, but non-exclusive, interaction with
      delta-receptors.

PMID- 6373309
TI  - Stereoselective effects of two phencyclidine derivatives on N-methylaspartate
      excitation of spinal neurones in the cat and rat.
AB  - In pentobarbitone-anaesthetised cats and rats effects of stereoisomers of two
      methylated congeners of phencyclidine, GK4 and GK5, and (+)- and (-)-PCMP, were
      examined on the excitation of spinal neurones by electrophoretically administered
      excitatory amino acids and acetylcholine. GK5 and (+)-PCMP were more potent and
      selective antagonists of N-methylaspartate (NMA) than were GK4 and (-)-PCMP. None
      of these phencyclidine derivatives showed stereoselectivity in their effects on
      excitation of neurones by kainate, quisqualate and acetylcholine. The differences
      in potency between each pair of isomers as NMA antagonists correlates well with
      the differences reported in results from phencyclidine binding assays and
      behavioural tests.

PMID- 6373311
TI  - Effect of indomethacin on generation of chemotactic activity in inflammatory
      exudates induced by carrageenan.
AB  - Chemotactic activity of protein origin was demonstrated in carrageenan-induced
      pleural exudates by the chemotactic response of neutrophils in the modified
      Boyden chamber. The activity was partly neutralized by monospecific antisera to
      complement component 5 and was destroyed by trypsin and chymotrypsin treatment
      but it differed from that in rat serum or plasma in that it was stable for 30 min
      at 56 degrees C. Indomethacin (5 mg/kg i.v.) reduced equally protein content
      (56%) and total chemotactic activity (58%); i.e., chemotactic activity/mg of
      exudate protein was unchanged. Intrapleural injection of autologous or homologous
      serum also induced an infiltration of neutrophils; the protein content of the
      pleural fluid decreased by 60-70% in 4 h, whereas with carrageenan there was a
      progressive increase in exudate protein. When serum was injected in two doses to
      maintain protein levels comparable to those found following carrageenan
      injection, the number of neutrophils in the exudates was also comparable. In
      contrast to carrageenan, the response to serum was not inhibited by indomethacin.
      From these and other data we suggest that the exudate chemotactic activity is
      generated from plasma protein and that indomethacin acts primarily to reduce
      extravasation of plasma and consequently generation of chemotactic activity.

PMID- 6373312
TI  - Does insulin down-regulate its own receptor on erythrocytes in vitro?
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the in vitro effect of insulin on its
      own receptors on erythrocytes. Whole blood from 6 fasting normal and 6 diabetic
      (type II) subjects was incubated without or with exogenous insulin for 5 hours.
      The insulin binding to erythrocytes was then evaluated. At a tracer
      concentration, the percent 125I-insulin specifically bound amounted to 8.6 +/-
      0.59% and 8.1 +/- 0.41% in fasting normal subjects and type II-diabetics,
      respectively. In contrast to in vivo studies, supraphysiologic insulin
      concentrations in the incubation medium did not alter significantly the insulin
      binding process. Thus, in vitro we could not demonstrate a down regulation of
      insulin receptor binding. It is likely that factors other than insulin are
      involved in the short-term regulation of insulin receptor affinity in man.

PMID- 6373313
TI  - The in vitro insulin secretion of human fetal pancreatic slices from diabetic and
      non-diabetic women--a methodical study.
AB  - The in vitro insulin secretion of pancreatic slices between the 11th and 15th
      week of pregnancy of fetuses from non diabetic ( FNDW ) and diabetic women ( FDW
      ) after incubation in media supplemented with different secretagogues was
      investigated in order to study the development of diabetic fetopathy during human
      pregnancy in diabetic women. There was a stimulatory effect on the insulin
      secretion in FNDW even if glucose alone was used, which became more pronounced if
      IBMX was added to the incubation medium. The insulin secretion was significantly
      enhanced in FDW compared to FNDW . This incubation model using fetal pancreatic
      slices seems to be appropriate for studying the ontogenesis of the human fetal
      pancreas.

PMID- 6373314
TI  - Metabolic effects of intensified insulin therapy.
AB  - Intensified insulin therapy is usually carried out either with multiple
      subcutaneous insulin injections (ICT: intensified conventional therapy) or with
      continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) by minipumps. For two years we
      have been studying two matched groups of type I diabetic patients, treated with 3
      daily insulin injections (ICT) and with CSII ( Microjet , Miles), respectively.
      Blood glucose control, as assessed by integrated mean blood glucose (MBG), was
      similar in both groups, but a better metabolic stability ('M' index of
      Schlichtkrull ) was evident in the CSII group. From the 24-hour profiles of
      plasma 'free' IRI and metabolites (glucose, beta-OH-butyrate, lactate, pyruvate,
      alanine), both the hepatic and peripheral underinsulinization and related
      metabolic alterations were still evident in both groups of patients. The number
      of hypoglycaemic episodes, recorded by home blood glucose monitoring, was similar
      in both groups of patients, while the perception of symptomatic hypoglycaemia
      seemed to be reduced in the patients treated with CSII.

PMID- 6373315
TI  - Results of treatment with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in
      insulin-dependent (type I) diabetics.
AB  - 10 labile insulin-dependent diabetic patients treated with CSII were followed up
      for 6 to 16 months under conditions of everyday life. The mean blood glucose
      (MBG), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1), motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV),
      and respiratory heart arrhythmia at rest (RHA) were investigated. A significant
      improvement of metabolic control was observed (MBG 8.03 +/- 1.40 vs 5.18 +/- 0.87
      mmol/l, p less than 0.01; HbA1 10.7 +/- 1.3 vs 8.7 +/- 1.6%, p less than 0.05) in
      comparison with the control values under intensified conventional therapy. MCV
      increased gradually but the average RHA remained unchanged. The psychological
      examination employing a questionnaire reflects that all patients selected were
      highly motivated and that their positive attitudes were further stabilized during
      pump treatment. An average of three mild hypoglycaemic episodes occurred per
      month per patient; these were no more than under intensified conventional
      treatment. Other minor clinical and technical complications occurred at a total
      frequency of one per month per patient and did not achieve therapeutical
      relevance.

PMID- 6373316
TI  - Long-term improvement in metabolic control of unstable type I diabetes by s.c.
      insulin injection patterns based on the dose profiles required by bed-side
      artificial beta-cell.
AB  - Twenty unselected unstable type I diabetic inpatients whose blood glucose control
      was insufficient employing three daily s.c. injections of regular insulin
      supplemented by intermediate acting insulin were subjected to a 48-hour treatment
      with the Biostator -GCIIS when both diet and muscular exercise were kept as close
      as possible to the conditions at home. The s.c. injection regimen was adjusted to
      the insulin dose pattern required by the artificial beta cell. There was
      significant metabolic improvement in 16 out of the 20 patients on discharge, in
      comparison to the pre-Biostator conditions. This improvement was still present
      when the patients were re-admitted after an average of seven months. It is
      concluded that in certain cases of unstable type I diabetes mellitus the
      metabolic re-arrangement based on intercalary days on an extracorporal artificial
      beta cell might be useful if the control constants are adapted to minimize the
      insulin requirement by the machine.

PMID- 6373317
TI  - Methods and effects of improved conventional insulin treatment in labile insulin
      dependent diabetes (IDDM).
AB  - In 92 particularly unstable IDDM patients we have tried to avoid any gap in daily
      insulin supply by applying one out of four newly designed combinations of regular
      and depot insulin. The short-term effect after three weeks and the long-term
      effect after greater than or equal to 12 months (data from 30 patients only) of
      these new regimens were compared with those of the traditional regimen in a
      retrospective evaluation: Glycemia (level and excursions) was significantly
      improved both after three weeks of inpatient treatment and after greater than or
      equal to 12 additional months on outpatient regimen. Serum beta-LP and HbA1
      showed slight decrease during long-term follow-up. The majority of the patients
      reported improved well-being under conditions of daily life. However, the
      glycemia achieved was still far from the permanent euglycemia aimed at. For the
      avoidance of any gap in insulin supply in labile diabetics four insulin
      injections are necessary in most cases. For this, individually tailored
      combinations of regular and depot insulin must be drawn up carefully together
      with the patients to avoid a " strait -jacket" system which would not work under
      conditions of daily life.

PMID- 6373318
TI  - Circulating insulin antibodies during therapy with highly purified neutrally
      buffered insulins including desphe insulins. Report of a prospective study with
      40 cases.
AB  - Circulating insulin binding capacity was studied for 10 to 24 months in forty
      diabetic patients who were being treated with insulin for the first time. They
      received either neutral highly purified pork insulin, bovine or porcine desphe
      insulin containing formulations, semisynthetic human insulin, or "conventional"
      acid chromatographed bovine surfen insulin over the entire duration of the study.
      In only 6 of the 23 patients on pork insulin, porcine desphe insulin, or human
      insulin were minimal antibody concentrations (less than or equal to 2 IU/l)
      observed. The bovine desphe insulin containing beef insulin, was markedly more
      immunogenic: only 3 out of 12 patients did not produce any antibodies. All five
      patients treated with bovine surfen insulin reacted with a strong antibody
      formation, which was, on average, six times as high as that in the patients on
      bovine desphe insulin (approximately 90 vs 14 IU/l). According to these results,
      bovine desphe insulins should be considered more valuable in insulin therapy than
      formulations of unmodified beef or of mixed beef/pork insulins.

PMID- 6373319
TI  - Effect of insulin suppositories in type I diabetic patients (preliminary
      communication).
AB  - Eight type I diabetic patients received a subcutaneous injection of 10 IU regular
      insulin, or--after a one week interval--a suppository containing 75 IU
      crystalline insulin, the surfactant Brij 58, and the basic mass. In all patients
      there was a disease in blood glucose (onset after 20 min, maximum effect after 50
      min, end of the effect after 90 min), and the plasma IRI level increased.
      However, the effect was attenuated in relation to the control test employing s.c.
      administration. The ratio of subcutaneous to rectal doses required to achieve the
      same effect was between 1:18 and 1:26.

PMID- 6373320
TI  - The effect of intensified conventional insulin therapy before and during
      pregnancy on the malformation rate in offspring of diabetic mothers.
AB  - 56 out of the 200 pregnant diabetic women admitted to our clinic between July
      1981 and June 1983 had followed a pre-pregnancy metabolic intensive treatment
      programme. Most of these patients achieved near-normoglycemia: 87% or more of all
      their blood glucose readings before conception and in the early weeks of
      gestation were normoglycemic. The 56 patients were delivered of 57 babies, one of
      them suffering from fatal heart malformation. The 144 pregnant diabetics who were
      admitted to hospital only after eight weeks of pregnancy and had not had any
      special preconceptional metabolic control gave birth to 145 children, 9 of which
      presented congenital malformations: 3 of these were fatal another 3 were severe,
      and 3 were minor. These data are in line with our previously reported results on
      the years 1977-81. They stress the importance of a reasonably strict metabolic
      control, started well before conception, to prevent excess rates of congenital
      malformation.

PMID- 6373321
TI  - Clinical and immunologic studies of HLA-DR typed insulin-dependent diabetics--a
      mini-review.
AB  - There is strong association between insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes and the
      HLA DR3 and/or DR4 factors. Also, evidence has been accumulated that an immune
      response gene associated to the DR3 region may be a denominator for the
      development of an endocrine autoimmunity. It is particularly the late onset type
      I diabetes that belongs to the so-called "primary" autoimmune variety and also
      shows an increased tendency for the development of other autoimmune disorders.
      HLA DR 3 and/or HLA DR 4 associated mechanisms seem to influence a variety of
      clinical and immunologic findings in type I diabetes. Basically, this concept is
      supported by findings on seasonal variations in diabetes manifestation, on viral
      antibodies, on anti-insulin antibody formation, and on the natural course of
      endogenous insulin secretion in relation to HLA haptotypes . There are, however,
      conflicting data concerning islet cell antibodies, circulating immune complexes,
      and the incidence of diabetic microangiopathy in relation to the HLA-system. Many
      of these findings may be explained on the basis of an HLA heterogeneity. But this
      does not necessarily point to an etiological genetic heterogeneity of type I
      diabetes.

PMID- 6373323
TI  - Insulin secretion in type II diabetics: in vivo and in vitro investigation.
AB  - Many cases of type II diabetes present an anomaly of insulin secretion which is
      characterized by a missing, reduced, or delayed glucose-stimulated insulin output
      from the beta cell. We aimed at finding out whether this characteristic disorder
      is a consequence of reduced beta cell mass or of a more functional disturbance.
      In the latter case it was to be clarified whether the disturbed beta cell
      "glucoreceptor" function represents a qualitative or rather a quantitative
      difference. By the evaluation of insulin secretion and of carbohydrate tolerance
      during oral and/or intravenous intake of glucose, and after intravenous
      application of tolbutamide or glucagon the defective insulin secretion in type II
      diabetics was found to represent a more functional disturbance which could not be
      explained by reduction of beta cell mass. Thus it was concluded that the anomaly
      of insulin secretion mentioned above might be a consequence of a qualitative
      defect of the glucoreceptor. To prove this, isolated human islets (insulin
      secretion under incubation with glucose, measurements of 3H-leucine incorporation
      and of the insulin content) were also studied. In contrast to the in vivo
      results, insulin release of the isolated islets of type II diabetics was normal.
      From this it must be concluded that the glucoreceptor of the beta cell, which in
      vivo reacts in a qualitatively different manner from that of subjects with intact
      metabolism, is not irreversibly disturbed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6373322
TI  - Islet cell antibodies in individuals at increased risk for IDDM.
AB  - Islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies (ICA), islet cell surface ( ICSA ) antibodies,
      HLA phenotypes, glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity
      were studied in 16 twins of insulin-dependent diabetics as well as in 21 subjects
      with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). 60% of the identical twins and 40% of the
      non-identical twins were ICSA -positive. The prevalence of ICSA in control
      persons was only 5%. ICA were found in all identical twins and in half of the non
      identical twins. However, ICSA and ICA results were concordant in only 46% of the
      whole group of twins. There was no correlation between ICSA and either insulin
      secretion or insulin sensitivity. In the IGT subjects exhibiting low and normal
      insulin responses ICSA were observed in 67% and 23%, respectively. A high
      proportion of twins, but not of IGT subjects, had HLA DR3 or DR4 antigens which
      seem to confer genetic susceptibility to the development of IDDM. In the majority
      of DR3/DR4 twins, ICSA were also present. This might support the hypothesis of
      genetically-based autoimmunity, although the precise relationship between HLA and
      islet cell antibodies has to be clarified in a prospective study.

PMID- 6373324
TI  - Insulin resistance in diabetics and non-diabetics with impaired triglyceride
      removal.
AB  - Endogenous triglyceride turnover has been measured in patients with
      normotriglyceridemia or with hypertriglyceridemia using the radioglycerol
      labelling technique. In parallel, a 50 g oral glucose tolerance test was
      performed (blood glucose, serum insulin, free fatty acids). Non-diabetics,
      borderline diabetics, and overt diabetics were included. In the non-diabetics,
      insulin levels were negatively correlated with fractional catabolic rates for
      triglycerides, whereas no correlation with triglyceride synthesis rates existed.
      Patients with low fractional catabolic rates for triglycerides have significantly
      higher insulin and free fatty acid concentrations, pointing to an association
      between impairment of triglyceride removal and insulin resistance. There is no
      typical kinetic pattern of triglyceride metabolism in non-insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6373325
TI  - Interaction of fibronectin-coated beads with CHO cells.
AB  - One of the earliest events in the adhesion of fibroblasts to a substratum is the
      recognition by the cells of macromolecular adhesive factors, such as fibronectin.
      This early event is followed by a complex series of cell alterations leading to
      adhesion and spreading. To identify cell surface components involved in the
      initial cell-fibronectin recognition step, we have employed an assay involving
      latex particles coated with radiolabelled plasma Fibronectin (Fn). In previous
      studies from this laboratory (Harper & Juliano , J cell biol 87 (1980) 755) [28],
      we demonstrated that Fn-mediated adhesion of CHO cells is temperature-dependent,
      cation-dependent and sensitive to cytoskeletal disrupting agents; by contrast,
      binding of 3H-Fn beads was unaffected by these factors, indicating that this
      process reflects binding and recognition events at the cell surface which are
      independent of cytoskeletal and metabolic activity. Biological specificity of 3H
      Fn bead-to-cell binding was confirmed by the ability of anti-Fn antisera to
      completely block the process. To examine surface components which may mediate
      binding we treated Fn beads with purified glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) or
      glycolipids prior to incubation with cells. Among the GAGs tested, heparin,
      heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate blocked bead binding in a dose-related
      fashion with heparin being most potent. The gangliosides GT1, and GM1, also
      inhibited bead binding. However, treatment of cells with neuraminidase had no
      effect on bead binding while subsequent analysis of treated cells by thin layer
      chromatography revealed a drastic reduction in the amount of GM3, the predominant
      CHO cell ganglioside. CHO cells were also incubated with a panel of proteolytic
      enzymes to study the possible role of cell surface proteins or glycoproteins in
      Fn bead binding. We found 3H-Fn bead binding to be quite sensitive to
      pretreatment with thermolysin, pronase, and papain but only moderately sensitive
      to treatment with trypsin. From our findings we suggest: (1) binding of Fn beads
      to CHO cells reflects an early step in the adhesion process; (2) glycolipids may
      block bead binding but are probably not the endogenous binding site for Fn; (3)
      protease sensitive components (glycoproteins or proteoglycans) may be more likely
      candidates as cell surface-binding sites for Fn.

PMID- 6373326
TI  - Expression of myoblast and myocyte antigens in relation to differentiation and
      the cell cycle.
AB  - Cell cycle parameters and expression of myoblast and myocyte antigens were
      investigated during exponential growth and during the differentiation phase of
      rat L8( E63 ) myoblasts by an integrated approach involving
      microspectrophotometry with DNA fluorochromes, [3H]thymidine autoradiography, and
      immunofluorescent staining with monoclonal antibodies. In addition to the
      majority of cells which are recruited into myotubes, two distinct populations of
      mononucleate cells were resolved in cultures of rat myoblasts undergoing
      differentiation. These mononucleate cells consist of (1) a population of
      proliferating cells with a prolonged G1 transit time; (2) a population of non
      proliferating cells which remain arrested in G1 for more than 72 h. The latter
      group was examined with respect to the expression of two marker antigens
      recognized by two monoclonal antibodies: antibody B58 reacts with a
      macromolecular component present in undifferentiated myoblasts but not in mature
      myotubes, and antibody XMlb reacts with a muscle-specific isoform of myosin. All
      four possible combinations of expression of these antigens by single cells were
      found: B58 +XM1b -, B58 +XM1b +, B58 - XM1b -, and B58 - XMlb +. The implication
      of these findings with respect to the transition from the proliferative to the
      differentiative phase of myogenesis is discussed.

PMID- 6373327
TI  - Adipose conversion of ob17 cells. Insulin acts solely as a modulator in the
      expression of the differentiation program.
AB  - Adipose conversion of ob17 preadipocyte cells was studied in insulin-depleted
      (less than 0.2 pM), serum-supplemented medium. The results show that insulin is
      neither required for the commitment of stem cells ( adipoblasts ) to
      preadipocytes nor for the onset of the differentiation program and the post
      confluent mitoses of preadipocytes to adipocyte-like cells. No unmasking of
      insulin 'super' receptors and no cellular production of insulin can be detected
      in cells exposed to insulin-depleted medium. Insulin enhances only the rate of
      the lipid-filling process of differentiating cells and thus the number of fat
      cell clusters visible after staining for neutral lipids. Therefore, in the light
      of these and previous results [17, 18], the role of insulin is only to act as a
      modulator in the expression of the differentiation program.

PMID- 6373328
TI  - Kinetics of G1 transit following brief starvation for serum factors.
AB  - Growing fibroblasts such as 3T3 cells are well-known to enter a quiescent state
      (G0) after many hours of serum deprivation. They emerge from G0 upon readdition
      of serum and initiate DNA synthesis about 12 h later. In this paper, we analyzed
      the effects of brief periods of serum deprivation on the ability of cells in G1
      to initiate DNA synthesis. Exponentially growing 3T3 fibroblasts were briefly
      deprived of serum and their progress into S phase was monitored by
      autoradiography of labeled nuclei. When 10% serum was added back to cultures
      deprived of serum for a few hours, the progress of G1 cells into S phase was
      delayed for intervals far in excess of the length of the serum deprivation.
      Longer serum starvations resulted in longer excess delays. Several transformed
      3T3 derivatives were markedly less sensitive to this serum-induced G1 regression
      following deprivation. When 1 microgram/ml insulin (rather than 10% serum) was
      added back to the starved cultures, the G1 cells entered S phase immediately.
      Delay in S phase entry following serum readdition was completely prevented if
      insulin (and, to a lesser extent, EGF) was present during the starvation, was
      diminished if a lower serum concentration was used for readdition, and was
      partially abolished if 10% serum plus insulin was restored to the cultures. The
      above results, then, suggest that serum deprivation sensitizes the cells to an
      unidentified serum component which sets the cells back in G1, unless insulin is
      present to maintain the flow of cells into S.

PMID- 6373329
TI  - Calcium ions protect cell-substratum adhesion receptors against proteolysis.
      Evidence from immunoabsorption and electroblotting studies.
AB  - An antibody preparation against BHK cell wheat germ agglutinin receptors (anti
      WGA-R), which inhibits fibronectin-mediated cell adhesion, was characterized by
      immunoabsorption and electroblotting experiments. The results indicated that a 48
      kD cell surface WGA-R receptor is protected from proteolysis by Ca2+ ions and is
      important in fibronectin-mediated cell adhesion.

PMID- 6373330
TI  - Alpha-actinin arcs in megakaryocyte spreading.
AB  - Cultured megakaryocytes, isolated from guinea pig bone marrow, were treated with
      buffer or adenosine diphosphate (ADP) (10 microM) on plain or coated glass
      surfaces. Control cells were rounded and non-adherent. The nucleotide induced the
      cells to spread to several times the initial diameter, and to become flattened
      and markedly adherent to the substratum. 'Cytoskeletons' were examined by
      transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Those from unspread cells contained only
      rare microfilaments and no filament bundles; those from spread cells contained
      large numbers of microfilaments in nets and many filament bundles, which were
      largely oriented circumferentially. Interference reflection microscopy
      demonstrated that the spread cells were attached to the substratum in arc-shaped
      regions, which corresponded to arcs containing alpha-actinin as seen by specific
      immunofluorescence of the same cells. However, other arcs of alpha-actinin
      staining did not correspond to arcs of tight attachment. We conclude that fibrous
      arcs, which appear to assemble as part of the spreading process, play a role in
      what are probably transient surface attachment sites. A survey of observations of
      spreading in other cell types suggests that similar arcs are more widespread than
      has been realized.

PMID- 6373331
TI  - Effect of clonidine on aqueous humor flow in normal human eyes.
AB  - A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effect of topical
      0.125% clonidine, a relatively specific alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, on the rate
      of aqueous humor flow in the eyes of 24 normal human subjects was performed with
      fluorophotometry. The effect of clonidine on intraocular pressure, anterior
      chamber volume, pupil size, pulse, and blood pressure was also studied. Clonidine
      treated eyes had a 2 mmHg decrease in intraocular pressure which was
      statistically significant. Fellow placebo-treated eyes had a smaller but
      significant decrease in pressure. However, between clonidine and fellow placebo
      treated eyes, no significant difference was found in intraocular pressure.
      Aqueous humor flow was 21% lower in clonidine-treated eyes as compared to fellow
      placebo-treated eyes, 1.9 microliter min-1 as compared to 2.4 microliters min-1.
      No significant difference was found in anterior chamber volume, blood-aqueous
      barrier diffusion constant, and apparent resistance between clonidine and fellow
      placebo-treated eyes. Clonidine produced a significant miosis of 0.4 mm in
      treated eyes and miosis of 0.2 mm in fellow eyes. Topical 0.125% clonidine
      significantly decreased systolic blood pressure by 3 mmHg, but did not affect
      diastolic blood pressure or pulse.

PMID- 6373332
TI  - Immunohistochemical studies of lens crystallins in the dysgenetic lens (dyl)
      mutant mice.
AB  - The lens in the dyl mutant mice shows a persistent lens-ectodermal connection as
      well as degeneration and extrusion of lens materials after the initial
      differentiation of the fibres. Immunohistochemical investigation of the ontogeny
      of the lens crystallins in this developing mutant lens has been carried out using
      the indirect immunofluorescence staining method with antiserum to adult mouse
      lens total soluble proteins. The results have been compared with those for
      coisogenic normal lens used as a control. In both, the first positive reaction
      was detectable at identical stages of lens development. A rapid increase in the
      intensity of fluorescence, most marked in the elongating fibre progressing
      through the equatorial region to the epithelium, was recorded in the mutant as
      well as in the normal lens. However, the stalk leading to the lens epithelium did
      not show any reaction. Appearance of vacuoles in the lens nucleus and cortex
      marked the beginning of degeneration of fibres which otherwise showed strong
      fluorescence. This was followed by extrusion of lens crystallin materials through
      the stalk. As a result, the lens became increasingly reduced and malformed but
      the surviving cells making up the vestigeal lens in the adult showed positive
      immunofluorescence. The results demonstrate that despite a failure of lens
      ectoderm separation in the mutant mice, the ontogeny of the lens crystallins and
      differentiation of the lens up to a certain stage of development follow an
      apparently normal course before the commencement of cataractous degeneration.

PMID- 6373333
TI  - Localization of corneal superoxide dismutase by biochemical and histocytochemical
      techniques.
AB  - Superoxide dismutase activity is found in the cornea of rats, dogs, rabbits and
      humans. A superoxide dismutase identical to the Cu-Zn enzyme is identified by
      biochemical and immunochemical methods in the corneal epithelium and endothelium
      in relative high abundance (90-100 U mg-1 protein). The enzyme quantities
      detected by radioimmune assay and bioactivity assay are similar, giving evidence
      that the enzyme present is biologically functional. Immunohistochemical
      techniques demonstrate the association of the enzyme with the cytoplasm of these
      layers. Soluble protein extracts of corneal stroma exhibit weak apparent
      superoxide dismutase activity which is found to be mainly due to copper
      associated with serum albumin.

PMID- 6373334
TI  - Ocular localization of circulating bacterial lipopolysaccharide.
AB  - A bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracted from a rough strain of Salmonella
      minnesota ( Re595 ) containing primarily lipid A was used to study tissue
      distribution following its intravenous injection in rabbits. For this purpose,
      the Re595 was either labelled with 125iodine (125I) and localization quantitated
      by gamma radiation spectrometry and radioautography of different tissues or a
      fluorescein labelled antibody to Re595 was employed. Localization of [125I]-
      Re595 or LPS was looked for at 30 min and 2 hr after intravenous injection.
      [131I]-albumin was employed either to measure intravascular protein or total
      tissue protein and, in some studies, [131I]-albumin and [125I]-fibrinogen were
      used to measure protein after unlabelled Re595 . Both fractions of isotopes
      injected and estimates of tissue-bound Re595 were made in the whole eye, liver,
      spleen, kidney and lung and in isolated iris-ciliary processes, aqueous, lens,
      vitreous, and posterior segment (retina, choroid, and sclera). Aqueous and iris
      ciliary processes, but no other tissues, showed a marked extravazation of [131I]
      albumin and [125I]-fibrinogen. [125I]- Re595 was found to localize primarily in
      liver and spleen. At 30 min, [125I]- Re595 was found in nanogram quantities
      within the eye and at 2 h greater amounts of LPS were found in iris-ciliary
      processes and aqueous than in the posterior segment. Neither radioautography nor
      fluorescein-labelled antibody to Re595 showed evidence of histologic localization
      of LPS in the iris-ciliary processes. These results indicate that although LPS
      does not localize preferentially in the eye, it does accumulate in quantities
      sufficient to have an effect locally.

PMID- 6373335
TI  - Human ciliary epithelia in monolayer culture.
AB  - The ciliary epithelia of human (one to 12 months old) ciliary processes were
      isolated by trypsin and EDTA, cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)
      with 5% fetal calf serum and examined by phase and electron microscopy. The
      primary cultures were maintained for three to four months. Only a few non
      pigmented epithelia adhered and none of them proliferated. After the first
      passage the culture seemed to consist of only the pigmented epithelia. Most cells
      were densely pigmented at first, then became less pigmented during successive
      proliferations. Half of the cells remained densely pigmented after the first
      subculture, another half remained less pigmented. The cells started to lose their
      pigment granules at four to six weeks in culture. After three months of culture,
      the cell sheets became entirely unpigmented. In thin section, most of the pigment
      granules in the cells at two weeks in culture were pre-melanosomes, and half of
      them were at the earliest stage of pre-melanosomes. Monolayer cells possessed
      basement membranes. At 14 weeks in culture, most cells established an apparent
      polarity, contained well-developed Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic
      reticulum and intermediate filaments, but no pigment granules. A bundle of
      intermediate filaments was found in the perinuclear cytoplasm. Multilayer cells
      presented a typical apex-to-apex and base-to-base configuration , and the
      extracellular material was detected only in the base-to-base intercellular
      spaces. Our culture system provided differentiated cells derived from the pigment
      epithelia of human ciliary processes.

PMID- 6373336
TI  - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-like immunoreactivity in the human and
      guinea-pig choroid.

PMID- 6373337
TI  - Survival of granulocytic progenitors in the nonadherent and adherent compartments
      of human long-term marrow cultures.
AB  - We have studied the survival of granulocytic and monocytic progenitor cells (CFU
      GM) in human liquid marrow cultures. CFU-GM were present in the nonadherent cell
      population for a mean of 12 weeks without recharging . Histochemical analysis of
      agar gels revealed that most day-7 colonies were of neutrophilic type (CFU-N),
      whereas the majority of day-14 colonies were of mixed neutrophilic-macrophagic
      type (CFU-NM) for the first four weeks of culture and became predominantly of
      macrophagic type (CFU-M) thereafter. Eosinophilic colonies (CFU-Eo) declined
      after week 2 of culture. We have documented that CFU-GM were present in the
      adherent layer of these cultures, and that the CFU-GM in the nonadherent
      compartment arise from the adherent layer. In addition, we have compared the pre
      CFU-GM survival in the adherent and nonadherent populations and determined that
      these progenitors were rapidly depleted from both compartments though their
      survival at the end of week 1 was better in the adherent than in the nonadherent
      layer.

PMID- 6373338
TI  - The cells of origin of lymphocyte clones grown by limiting dilution.
AB  - A high proportion of the mononuclear cells separated from peripheral blood by
      Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation show extensive proliferation when cloned at
      limiting dilution. The nature of clone-forming cells ( CFCs ) and the cells
      generated during clone formation were studied by cytotoxicity with antibody and
      complement and by immunofluorescence. Cytotoxicity prior to cloning with OKT3
      plus OKT11 eliminated 99.34% of clones, indicating that virtually all CFCs are T
      lymphocytes, and cytotoxicity with OKT4 or OKT8 indicated that helper and
      suppressor subclasses each contribute approximately half of the CFCs .
      Immunofluorescence of cells proliferating in clones confirmed that all clones
      were T-lymphocytes and showed that 47% were OKT4 positive and 47% were OKT8
      positive; 6% were negative with both OKT4 and OKT8. The results indicate that in
      the nearly optimal conditions for proliferation provided by limiting dilution,
      clones arise entirely from T-lymphocytes and clone formation is a property of a
      variety of lymphocyte subclasses.

PMID- 6373339
TI  - Pulmonary infiltrate with eosinophilia in a 14-year-old child.
AB  - A prolonged case of pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia of the lung was
      submitted to a large immunological enquiry. The biological results, added to the
      immunofluorescence study of a lung biopsy, militated for a complex underlying
      immune mechanism with, on one hand IgE, eosinophils and mast cells, and on the
      other hand plasma cells and IgG.

PMID- 6373340
TI  - Pattern of breathing and gas exchange following oral almitrine bismesylate in
      patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - Almitrine bismesylate (100 mg orally) significantly raised PaO2 and lowered PaCO2
      in six patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, compared to placebo,
      when they were breathing air or 28% oxygen. The estimated ideal alveolar arterial
      PO2 difference (AaDO2) was less after almitrine bismesylate compared to placebo,
      when patients were breathing either air or 28% oxygen. After almitrine
      bismesylate overall ventilation breathing air increased by 10% but this did not
      reach statistical significance. During 28% oxygen breathing, almitrine
      bismesylate hardly altered overall ventilation but the inspiratory duty cycle
      (TI/TTOT) decreased and mean inspiratory flow rate (VT/TI) increased compared to
      placebo. These changes were significant on a paired T test (P less than 0.05).
      The improvement in AaDO2 correlated with the rise in VT/TI (r = 0.67, P = 0.02)
      and thus we suggest that changes in both volume and pattern of breathing might
      explain the improved gas exchange in the lung after almitrine bismesylate .

PMID- 6373341
TI  - Effect of almitrine bismesylate on the distribution of ventilation and mechanics
      of breathing in patients with COLD.

PMID- 6373342
TI  - Adult respiratory distress syndrome (a perspective based on 18 years' personal
      experience).

PMID- 6373343
TI  - Long term almitrine bismesylate treatment in patients with chronic bronchitis and
      emphysema: a multicentre double-blind placebo controlled study.

PMID- 6373344
TI  - Vectarion International Multicentre Study (VIMS): a long term double blind
      placebo controlled trial in COLD patients.
AB  - In a previous six month study almitrine bismesylate ( Vectarion ) administration
      has been shown to be effective and safe in the treatment of hypoxaemic and
      hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COLD). The protocol of the
      present VIMS study has been designed to complete the evaluation of the clinical
      benefit obtained after oral almitrine bismesylate administration on a larger
      scale and over at least a one year period in hypoxaemic COLD patients. Male and
      female outpatients will be included with an age 35-75, weight 50-95 kg, PaO2 45
      65 mmHg, PaCO2 35-60 mmHg, FEV1/FVC 30-65%. Patients with primarily restrictive
      pulmonary disease, with cardiac, renal, central nervous system or hepatic
      impairment, and female patients of child bearing potential, will be excluded.
      After a three week stabilization period, patients will enter the study and
      receive on a random basis either almitrine bismesylate or placebo with a
      stratified allocation within each centre and whether patients receive or not long
      term continuous domiciliary oxygen therapy. Clinical examination, arterial blood
      gases, dyspnoea score, 6 mn walking distance, pulmonary function tests,
      haematological, biochemical profiles and plasma levels will be measured on a
      quarterly basis and electrocardiogram at six monthly intervals. Hospitalizations,
      new signs and symptoms, and changes in concomitant treatment will be recorded at
      each visit. Administration of the drug will be 50 mg b.d. during the first three
      months with a possible increase of 50 mg after the third and/or the sixth month
      visits if, and only if, PaO2 increase is less than 5 mmHg and if the drug is well
      tolerated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6373345
TI  - Environmental tobacco smoke. Effects in humans. Respiratory symptoms in the
      children of smokers: an overview.

PMID- 6373346
TI  - Environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer.

PMID- 6373347
TI  - General references on studies of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS).

PMID- 6373348
TI  - Carbon monoxide as an index of environmental tobacco smoke exposure.

PMID- 6373349
TI  - Does environmental tobacco smoke affect lung function?

PMID- 6373350
TI  - Plasma concentration and side-effects of terbutaline.
AB  - Infusion of terbutaline sulphate (0.25 mg) was followed by increases of plasma
      insulin and blood glucose concentrations and by a decrease in plasma potassium.
      Similar metabolic changes were seen on the first day of oral terbutaline
      administration (5 mg, 3 times daily). Heart rate was moderately increased by
      terbutaline over the entire period (13 days) of oral dosing. Hand tremor always
      increased after terbutaline, but to a lesser degree on days 5 and 13 than after
      the first oral dose. On day 13, there was a very small increase in plasma insulin
      and no reduction in plasma potassium. Blood glucose increased slightly from an
      elevated morning value. Plasma terbutaline showed similar maximum concentrations
      on days 1 and 13. Since the concentration at the effector organs should be at
      least as high on day 13 as on day 1, these findings indicate that the tolerance
      was mediated through reduced response of the effector organs.

PMID- 6373352
TI  - Plasmodium falciparum: thiol status and growth in normal and glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase deficient human erythrocytes.
AB  - Thiol status and growth in normal and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient
      human erythrocytes. Experimental Parasitology 57, 239-247. The relationship of
      the thiol status of the human erythrocyte to the in vitro growth of Plasmodium
      falciparum in normal and in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient
      red cells was investigated. Pretreatment with the thiol-oxidizing agent diamide
      led to inhibition of growth of P. falciparum in G6PD-deficient cells, but did not
      affect parasite growth in normal cells. Diamide-treated normal erythrocytes
      quickly regenerated intracellular glutathione (GSH) and regained normal membrane
      thiol status, whereas G6PD-deficient cells did not. Parasite invasion and
      intracellular development were affected under conditions in which intracellular
      GSH was oxidized to glutathione disulfide and membrane intrachain and interchain
      disulfides were produced. An altered thiol status in the G6PD-deficient
      erythrocytes could underlie the selective advantage of G6PD deficiency in the
      presence of malaria.

PMID- 6373351
TI  - Effects of ethanol on hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)
      in the male rat. An immunocytochemical study.
AB  - These studies were designed to determine if the acute alcohol-induced decreases
      in luteinizing hormone (LH) seen in previous studies using rats could be due to
      an inhibitory effect of ethanol (ETOH) on hypothalamic LHRH release. Thus,
      effects of multiple injections of ETOH on the relative amount of immunoreactive
      LHRH fibers in the hypothalamus and median eminence (ME) of castrate and intact
      male rats were determined immunocytochemically. Brains were removed following
      cardiac perfusion of 10% phosphate-buffered formalin. A block containing the
      hypothalamus with the ME was isolated from each brain, then postfixed in Bouin's
      solution. Paraffin sections were rehydrated and stained for LHRH with the
      peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique using an antiserum to synthetic LHRH
      conjugated to bovine serum albumen. Differences visualized immunocytochemically
      between saline-treated intact and castrate rats indicated that the LHRH content
      of the ME was markedly depleted after castration. Conversely, castrate rats
      treated with ETOH showed only a slight reduction in immunoreactive LHRH fibers.
      In ETOH-treated intact animals, the LHRH fiber content of both the hypothalamus
      and ME appeared to be slightly greater than the saline-treated intact controls.
      Thus, these data support the hypothesis that ETOH diminishes LHRH release, and
      hence provides an explanation for the depressed plasma LH levels observed in ETOH
      treated intact and castrate rats.

PMID- 6373353
TI  - Kidney function after unilateral nephrectomy.
AB  - Immediately after unilateral nephrectomy ( uNX ) some different mechanisms of
      compensatory adaptation begin to act followed by a restoration of sufficient
      kidney function in a short time period. Beside biochemical changes early
      compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining kidney occurs. Simultaneously,
      functional adaptations of renal blood flow, glomerular filtration and exertion of
      electrolyte and xenobiotics take place. With a suitable pretreatment it is
      principally possible to accelerate the regeneration phase. Thus the phase of
      reduced excretion capacity of tubularly secreted xenobiotics after removal of one
      kidney can be shortened or prevented.

PMID- 6373354
TI  - The sleep-wakefulness rhythm, exogenous and endogenous factors (in man).

PMID- 6373355
TI  - Work schedules and sleep.

PMID- 6373357
TI  - Scaling of respiratory areas in relation to oxygen consumption of vertebrates.
AB  - Resting oxygen consumption is generally related to the 0.75 power of the body
      mass. More recent studies on the morphometry of the lungs and gills of
      vertebrates indicate that the respiratory surfaces increase in area more closely
      to M1.0. A possible explanation is that the gas exchange surface is more to be
      related to the maximum oxygen uptake capacity, rather than to the resting
      condition. However, recent studies, especially in African mammals, suggest that
      Vo2max scales to a power similar to that for resting oxygen consumption and hence
      cannot be directly related to the respiratory surfaces. In fishes the situation
      seems to be different as Vo2max appears to increase more rapidly than standard
      Vo2. Consequently, the ratio between these two is greater in larger specimens and
      hence they have a greater scope for activity. A possible interpretation of this
      apparent difference may be related to differences in ventilation, as the tidal
      ventilation of lungs can lead to a reduction in the difference in oxygen pressure
      across the exchange surface, whereas in fish gills with increasing size and
      increasing water velocity there would be a reduction in the resistance to gas
      transfer. However, it is important to appreciate that such generalizations
      probably do not hold in all cases and the position of intermediate groups of
      vertebrates needs to be more closely assessed.

PMID- 6373356
TI  - Prolongation of the survival of skin grafts in mice by PUVA treatment.
AB  - The combined application of psoralen and UVA radiation to skin grafts induced a
      prolongation of the survival time of the grafts in mice. This was observed using
      the H-Y barrier, an allogeneic barrier without H-2 disparities, and a strong H-2
      incompatible barrier. The effect is probably due to a reduction of antigen
      presenting cells, or to other, unknown mechanisms.

PMID- 6373358
TI  - Reversal of pyrithiamine-induced growth inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by
      oxythiamine.
AB  - Oxythiamine reversed the growth inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae caused by
      pyrithiamine, although oxythiamine alone inhibited yeast cell growth. This
      phenomenon was explained by thiamine production from these 2 thiamine antagonists
      which was demonstrated using cell suspensions and the crude extract of S.
      cerevisiae.

PMID- 6373359
TI  - Presence of connective tissue proteins on the endothelium of the rat aorta.
AB  - The microdistribution of type V collagen, fibronectin, and laminin on the luminal
      surface of perfusion-fixed normal rat aortic endothelium has been studied by an
      immunoelectron microscopic method using monospecific antibodies and a protein A
      gold complex. Gold particles indicating the presence of these biologically active
      connective tissue proteins were localized in groups on and in the vicinity of the
      interendothelial border. They were also found on the small flaps of cell
      junctions as well as on certain cell projections and scattered on the cell
      surface. Correlative transmission electron-microscopic examinations proved the
      specificity of these localizations. The endothelial cells of the aorta differed
      markedly in the amount of scattered connective tissue proteins on their surface,
      suggesting that there are several types of aortic endothelial cells with distinct
      functional differences. The findings provide evidence that connective tissue
      proteins may contribute to the surface pattern of the normal endothelium,
      especially on cell borders. It is likely that these proteins influence functions
      such as the permeability and chemotactic activity of the endothelium pertinent to
      the development of vascular disease.

PMID- 6373360
TI  - The pill, breast and cervical cancer, and the role of progestogens in arterial
      disease.

PMID- 6373361
TI  - A gentle warrior. Christopher Tietze, 1908-1984.

PMID- 6373362
TI  - NAD-dependent, PQQ-containing methanol dehydrogenase: a bacterial dehydrogenase
      in a multienzyme complex.
AB  - Cell-free extracts of methanol-grown Nocardia sp. 239 only show significant dye
      linked methanol-oxidizing activity when NAD+ is added to the assay mixture. This
      activity resides in a multienzyme complex which could be resolved into 3
      components, namely the methanol dehydrogenase, NAD-dependent aldehyde
      dehydrogenase and NADH dehydrogenase. In its dissociated form, the methanol
      dehydrogenase no longer shows dye reduction and although rises in the absorbance
      values around 340 nm are seen on addition of methanol plus NAD+ to the enzyme,
      this is not due to NADH production. However, dye reduction (NAD dependent) could
      be restored on incubating methanol dehydrogenase with the corresponding NADH
      dehydrogenase, obtained from the enzyme complex. It is concluded that this novel
      methanol dehydrogenase transfers the reducing equivalents, derived from methanol,
      directly to its associated NADH dehydrogenase via a mechanism in which NAD+ and
      PQQ are involved.

PMID- 6373363
TI  - Hydrophobic labeling of the membrane binding domain of acetylcholinesterase from
      Torpedo marmorata.
AB  - Membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from the electric organ of Torpedo
      marmorata was labeled with the hydrophobic photoactivatable reagent 3
      trifluoromethyl-3-(m-[125I]iodophenyl) diazirine ( [125I]TID). Labeling with
      [125I]TID was restricted to the membranous polypeptide segment of AChE as shown
      upon conversion of the amphiphilic form to the hydrophilic one by limited
      digestion with proteinase K. The labeled membranous segment, which has an Mr of
      approx. 3000 was isolated by gel filtration on Sephadex LH-60 in ethanol/formic
      acid.

PMID- 6373364
TI  - Quantitative characterization of pyrimidine dimer excision from UV-irradiated DNA
      (excision capacity) by cell-free extracts of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Cell-free extracts from wild-type yeast (RAD+) and from rad mutants belonging to
      the RAD3 epistatic group (rad1-1, rad2-1, rad3-1, rad4 -1) contain activities
      catalyzing the excision of pyrimidine dimers (PD) from purified ultraviolet
      irradiated DNA which was not pre-treated with exogenous UV-endonuclease. The
      level of these activities in cell-free extracts from rad mutants did not differ
      from that in wild-type extract and was close to the in vivo excision capacity of
      the latter calculated from the LD37 (about 10(4) PD per haploid genome).

PMID- 6373365
TI  - Relationship of lipoamide dehydrogenases from Pseudomonas putida to other FAD
      linked dehydrogenases.
AB  - Pseudomonas putida produces two lipoamide dehydrogenases, LPD-glc and LPD-val.
      LPD-val is specifically required as the lipoamide dehydrogenase of branched-chain
      keto acid dehydrogenase and LPD-glc fulfills all other requirements for lipoamide
      dehydrogenase. Both proteins are dimers with one FAD per subunit. LPD-glc has an
      absorption maximum at 455 nm, but LPD-val has a maximum at 460 nm. Comparison of
      amino acid compositions revealed that LPD-glc was more closely related to
      Escherichia coli and pig heart lipoamide dehydrogenase than to LPD-val. LPD-val
      did not appear to be closely related to any of the proteins compared with the
      possible exception of mercuric reductase.

PMID- 6373366
TI  - Proinsulin-like material in mouse foetal brain cell cultures.
AB  - Two main forms of immunoreactive insulin have been identified in cultures of
      foetal mouse brain using HPLC and gel filtration. The major component which
      resembled proinsulin was converted by trypsin to the minor form which was similar
      to authentic pancreatic insulin in chromatographic behaviour. Both components
      showed immunological properties comparable to insulin and proinsulin including
      sensitivity of the former to reduction and alkylation.

PMID- 6373367
TI  - Characterization of a monoclonal antibody to human sex hormone binding globulin.
AB  - We have produced a monoclonal hybridoma cell line ( S1B5 ) that secretes an IgG2
      alpha immunoglobulin with a high affinity (Kd 0.38 X 10(-11) M) for 125I-labelled
      sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and which will specifically
      immunoprecipitate SHBG from serum. The antibody is produced in high titre in
      culture medium and ascites fluid, and can be purified to apparent homogeneity by
      protein A affinity chromatography. When examined by isoelectrofocusing , a
      characteristic series of bands, which bind 125I-SHBG, are observed at pH 8.5-9.
      Competitive, superimposable, displacement of 125I-SHBG from the antibody is
      achieved with dilutions of human, chimpanzee and gorilla sera at comparable SHBG
      concentrations. Partial cross-reaction is observed with sera from other Old World
      primates, but not with sera from New World monkeys or any other vertebrate
      species studied.

PMID- 6373368
TI  - Biosynthesis of acyl-specific glycerophospholipids in mammalian tissues.
      Postulation of new pathways.
AB  - A review of the literature concerning the synthesis of acyl-specific
      glycerophospholipids indicates that the known biosynthetic sequences cannot
      satisfactorily explain these specific acylations . New de novo and salvage
      pathways are proposed to account for the acyl composition of highly unsaturated
      and saturated glycerophospholipids. In these hypothetical pathways, de novo
      synthesized glycerophosphodiesters are postulated to be key intermediates to
      establish the specific acyl composition of the resulting glycero-phospholipids,
      and to be integrated with the known cytidine pathways. A re-interpretation of the
      experimental literature in terms of these postulated pathways is provided, with
      some methods to test these proposed sequences.

PMID- 6373370
TI  - Uric acid substantially enhances the free radical-induced inactivation of alcohol
      dehydrogenase.
AB  - Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and yeast alcohol dehydrogenase ( YADH ) are
      inactivated when attacked by hydroxy free radicals (OH). Organic molecules with a
      high rate constant of reaction with OH such as ascorbate or urate can compete
      with the enzymes for these strongly oxidising radicals. However, although 10(-3)M
      ascorbate can substantially protect both LDH and YADH from OH attack, in the
      presence of 10(-3)M urate only LDH is protected. In the case of YADH an even
      greater degree of inactivation than with OH occurs. The extent of inactivation is
      considerably reduced when oxygen is absent, in agreement with a urate peroxy
      radical perhaps being partly responsible for the increased inactivation of the
      enzyme.

PMID- 6373369
TI  - Human apolipoprotein B: partial amino acid sequence.
AB  - A successful approach has been developed for the sequencing of apolipoprotein B
      based upon the procedure of Cleveland et al. [(1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 1102
      1106] involving limited proteolysis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate.
      Staphylococcus aureus protease was employed to produce large peptides which were
      isolated in relatively pure form by preparative gel electrophoresis. Two peptides
      were partially sequenced using spinning-cup microsequencing techniques. The
      sequences are: Peptide R2-5, -Ala-Leu-Val-Gly-Ile-Asn- Gly-Glu-Ala-Asn-Leu-Asp
      Phe-Leu-Asn-Ile-Pro-Leu-Arg-Ile-Pro-Pro- Met-Arg-(Arg)-; Peptide R3-1, -Leu-Val
      Ala-Lys-Pro-Ser-Val-Ser-Val-Glu- Phe-Val-Thr-Asn-Met-Gly-Ile-Ile-Pro-Lys-Phe-Ala
      Arg-. Several stretches of residues suitable for the construction of
      oligonucleotide probes have been identified.

PMID- 6373371
TI  - Dual effects of glucose on the cytosolic Ca2+ activity of mouse pancreatic beta
      cells.
AB  - The cytosolic Ca2+ activity of mouse pancreatic beta-cells was studied with the
      intracellular fluorescent indicator quin2 . When the extracellular Ca2+
      concentration was 1.20 mM, the basal cytosolic Ca2+ activity was 162 +/- 9 nM.
      Stimulation with 20 mM glucose increased this Ca2+ activity by 40%. In the
      presence of only 0.20 mM Ca2+ or after the addition of the voltage-dependent Ca2+
      -channel blocker D-600, glucose had an opposite and more prompt effect in
      reducing cytosolic Ca2+ by about 15%. It is concluded that an early result of
      glucose exposure is a lowering of the cytosolic Ca2+ activity and that this
      effect tends to be masked by a subsequent increase of the Ca2+ activity due to
      influx of Ca2+ through the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels.

PMID- 6373372
TI  - Separation of cells labeled with immunospecific iron dextran microspheres using
      high gradient magnetic chromatography.
AB  - Immunospecific magnetic microspheres, consisting of ferromagnetic iron dextran
      conjugated to Protein A, were used to specifically label red blood cells (RBC)
      for cell separation studies using high gradient magnetic chromatography ( HGMC ).
      When 10(7)-10(8) RBC labeled with Protein A-iron dextran microspheres were
      applied to a column containing 30 mg stainless steel wire placed in a 7.5
      kilogauss magnetic field, 96 +/- 2% of the cells were retained in the column.
      These cells could be eluted by removing the magnetic field and mechanically
      agitating the column. The retention of labeled cells by HGMC was shown to be
      dependent on the applied magnetic field and the amount of wire packed into the
      column. HGMC in conjunction with cell labeling with immunospecific iron dextran
      microspheres have useful applications for the separation of specific cell types.

PMID- 6373373
TI  - The effect of lipopolysaccharide on lipid bilayer permeability of beta-lactam
      antibiotics.
AB  - The lipid-bilayer permeability of cephalosporins was extensively suppressed by
      addition of lipopolysaccharide to liposomal membrane in proportion to the
      hydrophobicity of the drugs. This suggests that the polysaccharide chain layer
      contributes to the barrier function. The importance of the polysaccharide chain
      in the barrier function was also supported by the fact that the permeability to
      Rd-type lipopolysaccharide-containing liposomes showed essentially the same
      dependency on the hydrophobicity of the cephalosporins as that of the
      lipopolysaccharide-free liposomes. In this case the permeability of the
      cephalosporins was proportional to their hydrophobicity. Similar
      lipopolysaccharide effect was also observed in the permeation of penicillins.

PMID- 6373374
TI  - The effect of insulin on Fru-2,6-P2 levels in human fibroblasts.
AB  - We report that fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-P2) levels in quiescent human
      fibroblasts stimulated with insulin treatment increase in a time- and dose
      dependent manner. The biochemical role of the sugar phosphate in the cellular
      response to the hormone which controls carbohydrate metabolism and acts as
      mitogenic factor is discussed.

PMID- 6373375
TI  - Kringles: modules specialized for protein binding. Homology of the gelatin
      binding region of fibronectin with the kringle structures of proteases.
AB  - Prothrombin, plasminogen, urokinase- and tissue-type plasminogen activators
      contain homologous structures known as kringles . The kringles correspond to
      autonomous structural and folding domains which mediate the binding of these
      multidomain proteins to other proteins. During evolution the different kringles
      retained the same gross architecture, the kringle -fold, yet diverged to bind
      different proteins. We show that the amino acid sequences of the type II
      structures of the gelatin-binding region of fibronectin are homologous with those
      of the protease- kringles . Prediction of secondary structures revealed a
      remarkable agreement in the positions of predicted beta-sheets, suggesting that
      the folding of kringles and type II structures may also be similar. As a
      corollary of this finding, the disulphide-bridge pattern of type II structures is
      shown to be homologous to that in kringles . It is noteworthy that protease-
      kringles and fibronectin type II structures have similar functions inasmuch as
      they mediate the binding of multidomain proteins to other proteins. It is
      proposed that the kringles of proteases and type II structures of fibronectin
      evolved from a common ancestral protein binding module.

PMID- 6373376
TI  - Domain structure of flagellin.
AB  - The chemotaxis of bacteria such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli involves
      smooth swimming punctuated by periods of tumbling. In smooth swimming the
      flagellar filaments are left-handed, in tumbling they are right-handed with a
      different wavelength. The filaments are constructed from a globular protein,
      flagellin, by a process of self-assembly. The existing models assume that the
      flagellin molecule is bistable and longitudinal rows of subunits take one of the
      two possible conformations. Such a model explains the observed different
      morphology of the flagellum. We have studied Salmonella and E. coli flagellins in
      polymeric and monomeric forms by scanning microcalorimetry and circular
      dichroism. We have inferred that a flagellin molecule consists of several
      domains, two of which are structured at physiological temperatures and are in the
      monomeric form, while the others acquire a regular form only in the process of
      polymerization. This phenomenon may be the basis of a process during which the
      flagellin molecule, fitting into the flagellum, acquires a conformation analogous
      to that of the neighbouring molecule in the longitudinal row.

PMID- 6373377
TI  - The gene coding for lipoprotein signal peptidase (lspA) and that for isoleucyl
      tRNA synthetase (ileS) constitute a cotranscriptional unit in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The lspA gene coding for lipoprotein signal peptidase is located very close to
      the ileS gene coding for isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase on the Escherichia coli
      chromosome. Deletions were generated in vitro from both ends of the 4.3 kb
      fragment that carries the lspA gene and the ileS gene, and the expression of the
      two genes was examined before and after insertion of the trp promoter-operator at
      one end. The results indicate that the lspA and ileS genes constitute a
      cotranscriptional unit in the order of promoter- ileS - lspA . The gene order of
      dnaJ - rpsT - ileS - lspA - dapB around 0.5 min on the E. coli chromosome map was
      also determined.

PMID- 6373378
TI  - The effect of prematurity on milk composition and its physiological basis.
AB  - The composition of milk obtained from mothers giving birth prematurely is of
      current interest because of the use of this milk as a nutrient source for the
      premature infant. During the past 5 years research has established that the milk
      produced by mothers of infants of very low birth weight (e.g., 28-32 wk of
      gestation) is different from the milk of women giving birth at term. Preterm milk
      of early lactation is generally found to have higher levels of protein,
      nonprotein nitrogen, fat, energy, sodium, and chloride, but lower levels of
      lactose and greater interindividual variation. However, by the end of the first
      month of lactation the preterm mother's milk is very similar in nutrient
      composition to term milk, at least based on the incomplete information available
      at present. Many of the initial differences in composition of preterm compared
      with term milk may be explained provisionally from animal studies of mammary
      gland development. Possible explanations include reduced blood flow to the gland
      and hence milk volume, incomplete differentiation of mammary epithelial cells,
      and the absence of tight junctions between epithelial cells.

PMID- 6373379
TI  - Biochemical basis of dietary influences on the synthesis of the macronutrients of
      rat milk.
AB  - In this contribution the regulation of the synthesis of the macronutrients
      (lactose, lipid, protein) of rat milk are briefly reviewed. Lactose synthesis and
      lipid synthesis in mammary gland have glucose as the common precursor, and the
      rates of both processes show diurnal changes that correlate with the variations
      in food intake. Short-term (6-h) removal of food results in large decreases in
      the rates of synthesis of lactose and lipid, despite any change in plasma glucose
      or insulin. Similarly, an intragastric load of fat rapidly decreases de novo
      lipogenesis in the mammary gland. The existence of a factor in the circulation
      that signals the dietary intake of carbohydrate is postulated. This putative
      factor may originate from the intestine. Synthesis of protein appears less
      sensitive to dietary intake and is regulated mainly by prolactin.

PMID- 6373380
TI  - Physiological basis of longitudinal changes in human milk yield and composition.
AB  - Currently in Western Australia more than 85% of women are breast-feeding after
      discharge from the hospital. Breast milk is the only fluid consumed by 64% of
      infants at 6 months of age, and 25% of infants are still breast-fed at 12 months
      of age. Therefore, many Western Australian mothers have optimized the art of
      breast-feeding and thereby provide an ideal population for studies of the
      physiological, pathological, and pharmacological factors affecting lactation.
      Reports from other countries conclude that the maximum milk yield of well
      nourished women is 700-900 ml/24 h. Our studies have found the average milk yield
      of mothers breast-feeding single infants was in excess of 1100 ml/24 h for the
      first 6 months of lactation. Furthermore, mothers breast-feeding twins produced
      in excess of 2100 ml/24 h over this period, which demonstrates that the potential
      milk yield for mothers is much higher than 700-900 ml/24 h. Substantial
      alterations in the composition of breast milk occur at the initiation of
      lactation and after the cessation of suckling. During established lactation it is
      generally believed that there is only a slight variation in the composition of
      the milk. However, intensive studies have revealed acute changes in the
      concentrations of lactose, glucose, sodium, potassium, and chloride 5-6 days
      before and 6-7 days after ovulation. These findings suggest that unknown hormonal
      events associated with the reproductive cycle in women also influence breast milk
      composition.

PMID- 6373381
TI  - [An example of courage and fortitude (A. A. Petrova)].

PMID- 6373382
TI  - Pregnancy in hyperprolactinemic women.
AB  - Pregnancy achieved in women who receive treatment to correct the secretory
      dysfunction of nontumoral HPRL or microprolactinomas requires close prenatal
      care, but generally its course does not vary from normal. When a
      macroprolactinoma is present, consequences of pregnancy are insignificant,
      provided the tumor has been previously treated or bromocriptine is given
      continuously during the pregnancy. On those rare occasions when symptoms of tumor
      growth appear during pregnancy, bromocriptine and dexamethasone effectively
      control such manifestations. Breast-feeding of the infant can be allowed, and a
      second pregnancy within a short term is not contraindicated. When a new pregnancy
      is not desired, nonhormonal contraceptive methods are advised. Patients with
      nontumoral HPRL and microadenomas require periodic checkups. Macroadenomas may be
      surgically excised, but longterm bromocriptine treatment also achieves good
      results and is highly recommended.

PMID- 6373383
TI  - Vasomotor flushes and the release of peripheral immunoreactive luteinizing
      hormone-releasing hormone in postmenopausal women.
AB  - The plasma concentrations of immunoreactive luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
      (IR-LH-RH) and LH and the peripheral skin temperature of symptomatic menopausal
      women were recorded continuously and compared with those of asymptomatic
      menopausal women. These studies were performed by an intermittent withdrawal
      technique (n = 13) and a continuous withdrawal technique (n = 3). The mean plasma
      concentration of IR-LH-RH was much higher in symptomatic than in asymptomatic
      women by both methods of analysis. Large episodic secretory spikes of IR-LH-RH
      and a temporal correlation between the IR-LH-RH spikes and temperature elevations
      was found (P less than or equal to 0.025) only in symptomatic women.

PMID- 6373384
TI  - Detection of anti-zona pellucida activities in human sera by the passive
      hemagglutination reaction.
AB  - A simple method of detecting anti-zona activities in human sera has been
      developed by passive hemagglutination reaction ( PHAR ) using bovine erythrocytes
      as indicator cells coated with purified porcine zona substance. By this test, 8
      of 88 serum samples (9.1%) from infertile women gave positive reactions, whereas
      only 1 of 90 control sera (1.1%). A positive immunofluorescence (IF) assay
      confirmed the results of the PHAR in seven of the eight positive samples.
      Positive PHAR and IF on porcine zonae were abolished after adsorption with
      porcine erythrocytes, but IF on human zonae was retained by four of eight serum
      samples, indicating the presence of anti-zona autoantibodies in these infertile
      sera that were directed to an antigen(s) proper to human zonae.

PMID- 6373385
TI  - In vitro tests of the adherence of Chlamydia trachomatis to human spermatozoa.
AB  - Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most common causative agents of ascending
      genital infection. The mechanisms by which microorganisms spread to the upper
      genital tract are, however, by and large still unknown. Attachment of serovars D,
      H, and I of C. trachomatis to human spermatozoa was observed in in vitro
      experiments. The specimens were studied by immunofluorescence tests using
      monoclonal antibodies to C. trachomatis and transmission electron microscopy. The
      adherence of chlamydiae to spermatozoa was enhanced by increasing the acidity of
      the test environment, that is, from pH 8.0 to 4.0, by increasing the
      concentration of chlamydial cells in relation to spermatozoa, and by increasing
      the incubation time (up to 1 hour). Sperm penetration tests, using capillary
      tubes filled with albumen from hen's eggs, revealed that spermatozoa, when
      progressing forward, can carry chlamydiae attached to them.

PMID- 6373386
TI  - Studies on the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its agonist on human
      luteal steroidogenesis in vitro.
AB  - The possible direct effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and a potent
      GnRH agonist [( imBzl )-D- His6 -Pro9-NEt]-GnRH on basal and human chorionic
      gonadotropin (hCG)-stimulated progesterone, androstenedione, and estradiol
      production by cultured human luteal cells was examined. Luteal cells from the
      early or midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle responded to hCG stimulation with
      two to fivefold increases in steroid production in both short-term (4 hours) and
      long-term (up to 144 hours) culture in chemically defined medium without serum.
      After 48 hours in this system, levels of androstenedione and estradiol were very
      low, and progesterone was the predominant steroid produced. The addition of GnRH
      or a potent GnRH agonist to the medium had no effect on either basal or hCG
      stimulated steroid secretion. When luteal cells were cultured longer (for up to
      10 days) in the presence of serum, GnRH agonist caused no significant alteration
      of either basal or hCG-stimulated progesterone production. Collectively, these
      results support the conclusion that GnRH and its potent agonist do not act
      directly on human corpora luteal cells to modulate steroidogenesis.

PMID- 6373387
TI  - [Effect of insulin on the characteristics of gallbladder filling in dogs].

PMID- 6373388
TI  - [Image discrimination after extirpation of the striatal or the lateral
      suprasylvian areas of the cerebral cortex in the cat].
AB  - Selective lesion of the cat striatal cortex lowered the visual acuity although
      the figure discrimination only became worse in differentiating among certain
      shapes differing from each other in their high frequency harmonic components of
      the image's spatial--frequency range. Lesion of the lateral suprasylvian area
      leaves the visual acuity intact but disturbs differentiation of all images. The
      data obtained are compatible with previously stated suggestion that rather local
      and mainly high--frequency description of images occurs in the striatal cortex
      whereas a more global and mainly low-frequency one takes place in the lateral
      suprasylvian area.

PMID- 6373389
TI  - [Method of studying the neuronal apparatus of the ganglia in the tracheal wall].

PMID- 6373390
TI  - The effect of lentil lectin treatment on the survival of rat skin allografts in
      strain combinations with different genetic disparity.
AB  - The effect of lentil lectin on the survival of skin allografts was investigated
      in six rat strain combinations with different genetic disparities between the
      donors and recipients. LCA was administered i.p. (50 mg/kg) to the recipients
      daily, starting with the day of transplantation (day 0) until graft rejection,
      except that the doses on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 were given i.v. (25 mg/kg). LCA
      treatment was more efficient in prolongation of skin graft survival time in
      congenic strain combinations differing in multiple non-RT1 antigens (RT1
      compatible) than in those involving RT1 disparities.

PMID- 6373391
TI  - On the degradation of chromatin to nucleosomes in the thymocytes of X-irradiated
      mice.
AB  - Some characteristics of the postirradiation degradation of chromatin in the
      thymuses of mice were studied. The results proved that the main wave of chromatin
      degradation becomes evident between 2 and 4 h postirradiation, when considerable
      amounts of degradation products leach from nuclei during their isolation and are
      solubilized by lysis of nuclei. Similarly the degradation is manifested in the
      increase of salt-soluble chromatin fraction as well as of the fractions released
      from chromatin by various solutions (EDTA, heparin, deoxycholate, alkaline
      buffer). Later on, within 24 h after irradiation, only little changes in the
      relative amounts of the degradation products take place. Evidently only a certain
      thymocyte population is involved. Electrophoretic analyses of DNA fragments from
      various fractions in native and denatured state demonstrated that chromatin was
      degraded into nucleosomes and their oligomers by an endonuclease activity. The
      DNA bears, however, no signs of intranucleosomal regular single-strand
      fragmentation. This fact makes improbable the participation in this process of
      DNase I, DNase II and Ca,Mg-dependent endonuclease. No appreciable amount of
      smaller DNA fragments (products of further degradation of nucleosomes) were found
      even at 24 h postirradiation interval. Thus the nucleosomes and their oligomers
      must be considered as the only "long-lived" chromatin fragments in damaged
      lymphoid cells.

PMID- 6373392
TI  - Increase in the number of plaque-forming cells in the spleen of newborns from
      adoptively immunized mothers.
AB  - This report is an analysis of the rate of appearance of cells forming 19S
      haemolytic antibody in the spleen of newborns after adoptive immunization of
      their mothers during pregnancy. The findings are discussed as the result of
      several possible mechanisms including the putative transplacental exchange of
      immunocompetent cells.

PMID- 6373393
TI  - Promoter recognition and transcription initiation in E. coli.
AB  - Analysis of stability maps of sequences harbouring E. coli RNA polymerase
      promoters shows a characteristic splitting in homostable domains, despite the
      heterogeneity of the sequences. Correlation of stability maps with results from
      static approaches giving the contact points of the enzyme on promoters and
      functional studies employing abortive initiation assay allow us to propose a
      general mechanism for recognition of promoters and transcription start.

PMID- 6373394
TI  - New aspects of the rec-lex repair functions.

PMID- 6373395
TI  - DNA repair in plant cells. An essential event of early embryo germination in
      seeds.

PMID- 6373396
TI  - Evolution of insulin genes and their introns.

PMID- 6373398
TI  - [Evidence for the existence of inactive arterial renin in the rat].
AB  - Inactive renin in rat arterial walls was investigated according to the following
      experiments. Dialysis at pH 7.4 following dialysis at pH 3.3 of the arterial
      tissue resulted in a significant rise of renin activity, from a control value of
      0.41 +/- 0.07 to 0.62 +/- 0.06 ng/ml/h (p less than 0.01). Treatment with trypsin
      of the arterial tissue caused a rapid and apparent increase in the renin activity
      at either 0 or 27 degrees C. The molecular weight of the active renin was
      estimated to be 32,000 or 39,000, while that of the inactive renin was found to
      be 36,000 or 44,000 on Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. The contents of the
      inactive renin varied with different segments of arterial wall. The ratio of
      inactive renin to total renin was the lowest in renal artery wall (0.32), while
      there was no significant difference in the ratio in other arterial walls
      (abdominal aorta, 0.87; thoracic aorta, 0.93; carotid artery, 0.96; mesenteric
      artery, 0.89; pulmonary artery, 0.92). These findings suggest that conversion of
      inactive renin into active renin can occur in arterial tissue, which, in turn,
      plays an important role in the local control of vascular tone. It seems that
      inactive renin found in the arterial wall is of local origin.

PMID- 6373399
TI  - [The effects of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, on
      serum lipoperoxides level and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and kallikrein
      kinin systems in hypertensive patients].
AB  - In order to evaluate the effect of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor,
      captopril, on lipid metabolism, we measured serum lipoperoxides concentration (
      LPX ) as well as plasma levels of renin activity (PRA), aldosterone (PAC) and
      bradykinin ( PBK ) before and after captopril administration in 15 hypertensive
      patients. Captopril significantly lowered the LPX (p less than 0.05 by repeated
      measures ANOVA) from the control value of 3.25 +/- 1.16 (mean +/- S.D.) to 2.92
      +/- 0.94, 2.83 +/- 1.10, and 2.89 +/- 1.31 nmol/ml 30, 60, and 120 min after the
      administration, respectively. A significant reduction of blood pressure (p less
      than 0.0001) and PAC (p less than 0.01) was observed following captopril
      administration, while PBK increased significantly (p less than 0.001) from a
      baseline level of 10.85 +/- 4.07 to 13.95 +/- 5.29, 16.25 +/- 6.85, and 15.71 +/-
      7.65 pg/ml 30, 60, and 120 min after captopril administration, respectively.
      There was no significant correlation between changes in serum LPX and in mean
      blood pressure, PRA and PAC, though a significant inverse relationship was found
      between changes in serum LPX and in PBK 120 min after the administration (r = 
      0.576, p less than 0.05, n = 13). Although the mechanisms by which serum LPX is
      decreased by captopril are not clear, it is suggested from the results that
      captopril is a beneficial antihypertensive agent for preventing LPX -induced
      atherosclerosis in hypertensive patients.

PMID- 6373400
TI  - Surveying partials.

PMID- 6373397
TI  - Carp preproinsulin cDNA sequence and evolution of insulin genes.
AB  - The nucleic acid sequence of the preproinsulin cDNA of carp (Cyprinus carpio),
      cloned in the PstI site of pBR322 ( Liebscher et al. 1980), has been determined.
      The sequenced insert of 439 bp includes the complete coding information for carp
      preproinsulin (108 amino acids), 10 nucleotides of the 5'-and 105 nucleotides of
      the 3'-nontranslated regions. The nucleotide sequence confirms the previously
      established amino acid sequence of carp insulin ( Makower et al. 1982) and
      determines those of the signal 21 amino acids and C peptide (35 amino acids). The
      observed shortness of the signal peptide of carp preproinsulin and the N-terminal
      addition of 2 amino acids to the carp insulin B chain suggest that the cleavage
      site of the signal peptidase has moved. Calculations based on the comparison of
      known preproinsulin cDNA sequences showed that the evolutionary distance between
      fresh water and salt water teleostians is not smaller than that between man and
      chicken.

PMID- 6373401
TI  - New anchor system eases vertical stress.

PMID- 6373402
TI  - Evaluation of oral procedures performed with gloves: a pilot study.

PMID- 6373403
TI  - Influence of diet on denture-bearing tissues.

PMID- 6373404
TI  - Impression materials for complete and partial denture prosthodontics.
AB  - Many techniques and materials for impressions for removable partial and complete
      dentures are available. Current materials are extremely accurate, and addition
      reaction silicones and polyethers provide continuing accuracy for days after the
      impressions are made. Acceptable techniques are possible for any of the
      materials, and the selection of one material over another for routine use depends
      on personal preference and clinical needs.

PMID- 6373405
TI  - Tissue conditioning and functional impression materials and techniques.

PMID- 6373406
TI  - Interim dentures and treatment dentures.
AB  - Improvement in the interim denture procedure in the past decade has been one of
      the significant advancements in prosthodontic practice. The interim denture
      approach is only slightly more time-consuming and expensive than the conventional
      immediate denture approach, yet it has many advantages. Among those advantages
      are the following: (1) allows rapid results; (2) results in a higher quality
      definitive denture; (3) allows the surgical treatment to be performed during one
      appointment; (4) permits duplication of the natural tooth position; and (5)
      provides the patient with a spare denture after the definitive denture is
      completed. An interim denture technique was described that utilized a flexible
      layered silicone mold to form the replaced teeth. The interim denture procedure
      is flexible and lends itself to many variations in technique to meet unusual
      clinical situations. An interim removable partial denture technique was described
      that involves block-out of undesirable undercuts and duplication of the master
      cast for fabrication of the partial denture. This technique results in an interim
      partial denture that can be placed with little or no adjustment and that will
      provide better service for those who require it. Three simple procedures for
      fabricating treatment dentures were described and the indications for each were
      discussed. Although treatment dentures are not often used, they are essential for
      the dentist who is treating difficult patients who require complete dentures.

PMID- 6373407
TI  - Plans of occlusion.

PMID- 6373408
TI  - Denture base resins.
AB  - Numerous investigations have concluded that the conventional acrylic resins,
      processed with the usual technique of compression molding, produce dentures that
      are just as stable in dimension and as satisfactory as dentures produced with
      special resins and elaborate processing equipment. The physical properties of
      injection molded dentures are not superior to those of acrylic resin dentures
      produced by the usual carefully controlled compression molding techniques. Cold
      curing acrylic resins produce dentures that are as satisfactory as those made
      from heat-curing resins.

PMID- 6373409
TI  - Theories of posterior tooth selection: porcelain versus acrylic.
AB  - The salient physical properties of porcelain and acrylic posterior teeth and
      their clinical correlations have been reviewed. However, the practitioner has
      alternative choices to the use of all porcelain or all acrylic denture teeth in
      complete dentures; like materials need not oppose each other. Porcelain and
      acrylic teeth can be used in combination with each other. However, consideration
      should be given to the following observations: Myerson claims that when acrylic
      opposes porcelain teeth, the acrylic wears less than porcelain opposing porcelain
      or acrylic opposing acrylic teeth. Ortman states that his clinical experience
      suggests that acrylic opposing porcelain wears more rapidly than the other two
      types of relationships. In support of Myerson , Peyton and Craig suggest that
      "the lowest coefficients of friction are obtained when porcelain and acrylic
      specimens oppose each other." At present, no statistically significant research
      has been published to support or refute these statements. In an attempt to more
      successfully harmonize the wearability of materials, gold occlusal surfaces can
      be cast and attached onto acrylic posterior teeth. Through this effort the
      wearability of opposing acrylic teeth will be enhanced, while at the same time
      centric and balancing occlusal contacts will be refined and the occlusal vertical
      dimension maintained. Lauciello describes a technique for the placement of
      functionally generated amalgam stops as restorations within mandibular acrylic
      teeth. Once again , this is an attempt to give a clinically practical solution to
      improve the efficiency and wearability of acrylic posterior teeth.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6373410
TI  - Designing removable partial dentures.
AB  - Various designs have been suggested for the more frequently- occurring situations
      of the partially edentulous state. Obviously, a discussion of all the
      probabilities of design is not possible. The important factor is that basic
      principles are not violated. Retainer choice, rest placement, major and minor
      connector design, and support of the distal extension base are all critical
      factors. However, the fact remains that adequate time must be spent in properly
      diagnosing the particular case and devising a workable treatment plan. A thorough
      oral and radiographic examination, accurate articulated diagnostic casts, and a
      profile of the patient in terms of prosthetic needs and expectations must all be
      made. Once this picture is in order, the rather mechanical task of laying out the
      "nuts and bolts" of removable partial denture design can be carried out to ensure
      that our patients receive the full benefits of our knowledge and skills.

PMID- 6373411
TI  - Precision attachment removable partial dentures for the periodontally compromised
      patient.

PMID- 6373412
TI  - The removable partial denture as a periodontal prosthesis.
AB  - Research has presented evidence to undermine the myth that the removable partial
      denture contributes to the progression of periodontal disease and is not suitable
      therapy for the treated periodontal patient. The properly designed removable
      partial denture for the periodontal patient can contribute to stability of mobile
      teeth and provide for an intact functional dentition. If the factors of plaque,
      pocket depth, transmitted forces to teeth, and tissue coverage are controlled by
      the therapist, it is conceivable that the result will yield long-term results by
      providing function with decreased expense, contingency for tooth loss, and
      prevention of full mouth extraction.

PMID- 6373413
TI  - Overdentures.

PMID- 6373414
TI  - Psychological assessment of the prosthodontic patient before treatment.
AB  - Treating the patient requiring a prosthesis is one of the most challenging and
      demanding aspects of dentistry. Assessing and coping with the psyche of a patient
      is extremely complex. We must remember the adage , "Never treat a stranger,"
      Ramsey states: "Prior to planning treatment, the dentist should realize three
      objectives: (1) An understanding of the biologic and mechanical aspects of the
      patient's problem, (2) an insight into the general mental and physical health of
      the patient, and (3) an awareness of specific emotional problems which may relate
      to the dental situation.

PMID- 6373415
TI  - I-bar: myth and countermyth.

PMID- 6373416
TI  - An outline of the history of dental mechanics (1).

PMID- 6373417
TI  - Basic porcelain jacket crown ceramics--Part 2.

PMID- 6373418
TI  - An outline of the history of dental mechanics (2).

PMID- 6373419
TI  - Immunofluorescence in cutaneous leishmaniasis.
AB  - A case of acute cutaneous leishmaniasis is reported in which skin biopsy of the
      lesion revealed deposits of IgM, fibrinogen and C3 in the blood vessel wall and
      granular deposits of IgG and C3 at the dermoepidermal junction. No immune
      complexes were detected in the healthy unaffected skin in the same patient and no
      circulating immune complexes were found in the blood. This case demonstrates
      tissue-bound immune complexes in cutaneous leishmaniasis.

PMID- 6373420
TI  - Surface immunoglobulin on granular and agranular leukocytes in the thymus and
      spleen of the snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina.
AB  - Spleen and thymus suspensions from the turtle, Chelydra serpentina were examined
      by indirect immunofluorescence and found to contain both agranulocytes and
      granulocytes positive for surface Ig. Among the splenic agranulocytes , 50% of
      the lymphocyte and monocyte population was positive for surface Ig. In the thymus
      only 7% of the thymocytes were positive. Ninety-two percent of the granulocytes,
      composed primarily of basophils and eosinophils, were positive for surface Ig in
      both the thymus and spleen. The presence of surface immunoglobulins on turtle
      splenic leukocytes was confirmed by sheep red blood cell (SRBC) immunization
      studies. Basophils, lymphocytes and monocytes from immunized turtles formed SRBC
      rosettes, while eosinophils from immunized turtles were found to specifically
      phagocytose SRBC. Splenic leukocytes from control turtles did not phagocytose or
      rosette with SRBC. This study demonstrates that indirect immunofluorescent
      techniques can be used to identify surface immunoglobulin on turtle granulocytes
      as well as agranulocytes .

PMID- 6373421
TI  - Transplantation immunity in newt with special reference of sensitization to skin
      allograft.

PMID- 6373422
TI  - Evidence for a cutaneous secretory immune system in rainbow trout (Salmo
      gairdneri).
AB  - Serum and mucus of untreated rainbow trout did not contain detectable
      agglutinating antibody to sheep red blood cells. Intraperitoneal injections of
      sheep erythrocytes resulted in production of specific antibody in both serum and
      mucus. Immuno-diffusion and absorption studies confirmed that mucus and serum
      antibodies are antigenically similar. Indirect fluorescent antibody techniques
      demonstrated the presence of immunoglobulin-containing plasma cells in cutaneous
      dermis and mucus, supporting the hypothesis that an independent mammalian-like
      secretory immune system is operative in fish.

PMID- 6373423
TI  - The cellular immune response of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) to
      sheep red blood cells.
AB  - The cellular immune response of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, to sheep
      erythrocytes was investigated. Both the primary and secondary responses were
      measured using the migration inhibition factor (MIF), antigen-binding (ABC), and
      plaque-forming cell (PFC) assays. These immune function assays provide measures
      of both T and B cell activity. The kinetics of these three responses at 16
      degrees C were determined by sampling fish over an 18 day period for the primary
      response and a ten day period for the secondary response. The peak MIF response
      occurred two days after injection, while the primary peak PFC response was
      observed 14 days post-injection. Two ABC peaks were observed in the primary
      response, one at four days and one at ten days after injection. In the secondary
      response the peak ABC response was observed four days and the peak PFC response
      six days post-inoculation. The possible interrelationships of the various cell
      populations are discussed.

PMID- 6373424
TI  - [Feasibility and reproductibility of a euglycemic hyperinsulinic glucose clamp
      technic].
AB  - The euglycemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp is a means for the study of insulin
      sensitivity. Several techniques have been described: some are manual, others are
      automatic and use hypertonic glucose (50%). A semi-automatic technique is
      described using an artificial B cell (Biostator Miles) and a pump (Vial). The
      method and its reproductibility in ten healthy subjects were studied. The choice
      of appropriate algorithms ensure a constant and stable insulin level of 93,3 +/-
      5 uU/ml and good glycemic feedback through graduated glucose perfusion. The use
      of a supplementary pump in series with an artificial pancreas insures basic
      glucose input without recourse to strong concentrations (20%); glycemic feedback
      of the artificial pancreas is thereby dynamically controlled. The glucose
      requirement is 8,08 +/- 0,73 mg/kg/min. The same values are found in the same
      patients three weeks later and resemble those obtained using other techniques.
      Automatic feedback makes the technique objective; low concentration glucose
      solution avoids damage to veins.

PMID- 6373425
TI  - [Analysis of compliance with blood-glucose self monitoring at home in 113
      diabetic patients treated with insulin].
AB  - Four months following hospitalisation. 160 insulin-treated patients were sent at
      their homes a questionary on home blood glucose monitoring. In hospital they had
      received no teaching specifically orientated towards this problem. From the
      usable replies (132) it was estimated that 11 +/- 8 (mean +/- SEM) sticks a week
      were used, most by diabetics in whom insulin therapy had been instituted less
      than a year before (p less than 0.01), more sticks were used by those who were
      thirty to forty years old, those who received three injections a day and those
      had distinct lesions of microangiopathy although the differences did not reach
      conventional levels of statistical significance. Neither sex nor the use of a
      finger- pricker system made a significant difference. The widespread use of home
      glucose monitoring shows the fortunate convergence of the physicians ' wishes (to
      obtain the best control of blood glucose level) and the patients needs (to obtain
      information, understanding, security and comfort).

PMID- 6373426
TI  - The Minnesota Diabetes Complications Clinical Trial cognitive functions under
      long-term maximized and standard metabolic controls.
AB  - We have studied memory (Wechsler Memory Scale) and mood states in 20 insulin
      dependent diabetics under maximized metabolic control (treated with multiple
      insulin injections daily or insulin pumps) and 12 patients under standard control
      (treated with one or more injections of insulin daily). Both groups of patients
      have been enrolled in the Minnesota Diabetes Complications Clinical Trial for two
      years or longer. The patients in the maximized control group (mean +/- SD) blood
      glucose 130 +/- 9 mg/dl) had hypoglycemic episodes much more frequently than the
      patients in the standard control group (mean +/- SD blood glucose 242 +/- 22
      mg/dl). Both groups of patients had normal cognitive functions, including a few
      patients with numerous hypoglycemic episodes. Only one patient who developed a
      hypoglycemic coma for several weeks has had lasting abnormal cognitive functions
      including a few patients with numerous hypoglycemic episodes. We conclude that
      long-term maximized diabetic control (at least 2 years), although not devoid of
      danger, does not seem to affect cognitive functions in the patients tested
      according to the parameters used.

PMID- 6373427
TI  - [Recent findings on pancreatic lipase and colipase].
AB  - Lipase and colipase are two genetically independent proteins synthesized and
      secreted by the pancreas. Lipase catalyzes the hydrolysis of dietary
      triglycerides emulsified in the intestinal lumen. It is activated by interfaces
      and, to a lesser extent, by micelles and monomeric solutions of glycerides in the
      presence of an organic solvent. The enzyme is activated due to acceleration of
      the acyl-enzyme deacylation step after conformational modification of the
      catalytic site by contact with the interface. Lipase turnover is higher than that
      of other esterases. The enzyme denaturation rate increases as surface pressure at
      the interface decreases (as surface tension increases). On the other hand, the
      enzyme is stabilized by high surface pressure and by colipase. Beyond a certain
      surface pressure, only lipase is unable to adsorb to the surface. In this case,
      colipase is indispensable for the anchorage of lipase at the interface. The
      association colipase with lipase and substrate depends on two distinct sites,
      each site being formed by an hydrophobic region and by ionizable epsilon-amino
      and carboxylate groups. The KD of the [lipase.colipase] complex is 10(-7) M; in
      the presence of substrate, it is 10(-9) M. Colipase is synthesized as pro
      colipase. The [ pro-colipase .lipase] complex pre-exists in pancreatic juice and
      probably in cells of the exocrine pancreas. Trypsin action on pro-colipase leads
      to the cleavage of the colipase with 96 residues and the N-terminal pentapeptide.
      The [lipase.colipase] complex obtained is more generally hydrophobic than the
      previous one. In duodenal contents, this newly formed complex would be stabilized
      by the pH of the milieu and by free fatty acids appearing in the gastric
      contents, whether associated or not with the bile lipoprotein complex. The
      [lipase-colipase] complex, which is also stabilized by the substrate, would be
      fixed at the triglyceride/water interface, i.e. by passing through the layer of
      adsorbed amphipathic compounds (bile salts, phospholipids, fatty acids, proteins)
      owing to their hydrophobic and ionic properties, and by positioning into the
      interface by ionizable colipase groups.

PMID- 6373428
TI  - Binding-protein-mediated transport systems in Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6373429
TI  - Regulation of sugar transport by the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate: glucose
      phosphotransferase system.

PMID- 6373430
TI  - The role of the phosphoenolpyruvate-phosphotransferase system in inducer
      exclusion.

PMID- 6373431
TI  - Genetics of enterotoxin production in Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6373433
TI  - Enteric diseases in animals caused by Escherichia coli: their control and
      prevention.

PMID- 6373432
TI  - Cellular location of enterotoxin in Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6373434
TI  - Cloning enzyme genes for overproduction.

PMID- 6373435
TI  - Use of recombinant DNA techniques to study DNA repair in Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6373436
TI  - Cloning and sequence analysis of the pyruvate and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase
      complex genes of Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6373438
TI  - Molecular mechanisms of bacterial periplasmic transport systems.

PMID- 6373437
TI  - Probing the catalytic mechanism of yeast triose phosphate isomerase by site
      specific mutagenesis.

PMID- 6373439
TI  - Molecular and genetic aspects of the fumarate reductase of Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6373440
TI  - Use of liposomes in medicine.

PMID- 6373441
TI  - Nimesulide in the treatment of fever: a double-blind, crossover clinical trial.
AB  - A double-blind, crossover clinical trial was carried out in subjects with fever,
      to assess the activity of three antipyretic drugs. Eighteen in-patients with body
      temperature (axillary) above 38 degrees C were given a single dose of nimesulide
      100 mg, acetylsalicylic acid 500 mg, and dipyrone 500 mg, orally according to an
      incomplete balanced block design. Significant improvement was recorded with
      nimesulide and dipyrone, which gave similar results. Acetylsalicylic acid
      normalized body temperature in a few patients. Safety was very satisfactory. No
      local or systemic side-effects were noted.

PMID- 6373442
TI  - A double-blind multicentre study of piretanide and hydrochlorothiazide in
      patients with essential hypertension.
AB  - In a randomized double-blind parallel group study conducted in three centres the
      hypotensive activity of piretanide 6 mg b.i.d. was compared with that of
      hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) 25 mg b.i.d. and HCT 50 mg b.i.d. Ninety-three patients
      entered the study and sixty-one completed a 16-week trial period. All three
      treatments produced a significant reduction in supine diastolic and systolic
      blood pressure after only 2 weeks of active treatment and this was maintained for
      the duration of the study. The mean maximal reduction in supine diastolic blood
      pressure was 18% in the piretanide group, 18.8% in the HCT 25 mg b.i.d. group,
      and 20% in the HCT 50 mg b.i.d. group. The corresponding figures for the
      percentage of patients attaining a supine diastolic pressure below 95 mm Hg were
      83%, 62% and 89%. There were no significant differences between the three groups.
      Side-effects were generally mild and transient, except for polyuria which was
      noted in all three groups but more commonly in the piretanide group. Two patients
      were withdrawn because of side-effects: one patient in the high dose HCT group
      developed severe postural symptoms; and one patient in the low dose HCT group was
      withdrawn because of restlessness, nausea, weakness, dizziness and somnolence.
      All three treatments caused a significant increase in serum uric acid
      concentrations. Four patients in each of the HCT groups developed hypokalaemia,
      but no patients in the piretanide group did so.

PMID- 6373443
TI  - Treatment of essential hypertension with beta-blocker plus diuretic: a study of
      1402 patients treated by general practitioners with acebutolol 200 mg combined
      with hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg ('Secadrex') once daily for 3 months.
AB  - One thousand four hundred and two patients with essential hypertension were
      treated by their general practitioners for 3 months with one tablet daily
      consisting of 200 mg acebutolol plus 12.5 mg hydrochlorothiazide: 813 were newly
      diagnosed and 589 were known hypertensives already on treatment. There was no
      'wash-out' period before the latter changed to the study treatment. Newly
      diagnosed hypertensives had an average initial mean arterial pressure (MAP) of
      129.9 mm Hg which fell on average by 18.2% during the study: 79% of patients had
      good results with final MAP levels less than 113 mm Hg (equivalent to e.g.,
      160/90 mm Hg), and a further 7% also had good results in that MAP fell more than
      15%, another 12.5% had moderate results (falls of 5% to 15%): and only 1.5% had
      poor results (fell less than 5%). Known hypertensives had an average MAP of 127
      mm Hg on previous treatment, which fell on average by 15.4% during this study:
      70% of patients had good results with final MAP levels less than 113 mm Hg and a
      further 7% also had good results in that MAP fell more than 15%: 18% had moderate
      results and 3% poor results. Pulse rate fell by 12.5% in newly diagnosed and 10%
      in known treated hypertensives. If allowance is made for withdrawals due to side
      effects and to the need for more than one tablet of Secadrex daily, then over all
      75.7% had a good blood pressure response to study medication, 13.7% a moderate
      response and 10.7% a poor response. Adverse effects caused the withdrawal of 4%
      of newly diagnosed and 5% of treated hypertensives, predominantly
      nausea/vomiting, lassitude/fatigue and malaise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6373444
TI  - Irish general practice study of acetylcysteine (Fabrol) in chronic bronchitis.
AB  - The results of this general practice study in 248 patients suggest that
      acetylcysteine (Fabrol) administered orally for 2 months to patients with chronic
      bronchitis effectively changes the viscosity and character of sputum with
      resultant ease of expectoration and cough severity. There was a notable
      improvement in associated abnormal physical signs such as the presence of
      rhonchi, crepitations and symptoms including dyspnoea at rest. Tolerability was
      good, with 77% of patients experiencing no side-effects.

PMID- 6373445
TI  - There is selective accumulation of a growth factor in chicken skeletal muscle.
      II. Transferrin accumulation in dystrophic fast muscle.
AB  - Transferrin or a transferrin-like protein, with ability to stimulate myogenesis
      and terminal differentiation in vitro, is found in fast chicken muscle during
      embryonic development. After hatching, however, transferrin is no longer
      accumulated or is only weakly accumulated by fast muscles like the pectoralis
      major and the posterior latissimus dorsi but continues to be accumulated by slow
      muscles like the anterior latissimus dorsi. In congenic lines of chickens bearing
      the gene for muscular dystrophy, however, adult fast muscles do not lose the
      ability to accumulate transferrin. While transferrin is found selectively in
      adult normal and dystrophic muscle it does not appear to be synthesized by muscle
      cells. Immunocytochemical localization shows that transferrin is accumulated not
      so much by muscle fibers as it is by single cells in the muscle interstitial
      space. The relationship between transferrin presence and growth patterns in adult
      skeletal muscle is not currently understood but evidence suggests that
      transferrin stimulation of myogenesis observed in vitro may be mediated in vivo
      by non-muscle cells dwelling within the muscle interstitial space. These cells
      may act as transferrin-uptake sources for subsequent satellite cell stimulation.

PMID- 6373446
TI  - Immunocytochemical study on photoreceptor cell differentiation in the cultured
      retina of the chick.
AB  - Photoreceptor cell differentiation was investigated in a dissociated monolayer
      culture of chick embryonic retinas with electron microscopic
      immunohistochemistry. The antibody was raised against bovine rhodopsin purified
      on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the developing retina,
      immunoreactivity was first recognized on the 14th day of incubation and was
      localized on the plasma membrane of the growing inner segment. On the 16th day,
      immunoreactivity was observed on some differentiating outer segments but not on
      inner segments. In the culture from 6 1/2-day-old embryonic retinas,
      immunoreactivity was found on the 7th day of culturing on the plasma membrane of
      large-sized neurons. Electron microscopic observations confirmed that such
      stained cells showed reaction product on the plasma membrane, and that they
      displayed fine structures characteristic of intact photoreceptor cells. They had
      a number of microvillous processes and often one thick process, both of which
      were intensely stained. Outer segment formation, however, was not observed in the
      present monolayer culture. These results indicate that opsin synthesis and its
      transport to the plasma membrane begins prior to and probably independently of
      outer segment formation.

PMID- 6373447
TI  - Development of basal lamina in synaptic and extrasynaptic portions of embryonic
      rat muscle.
AB  - Each vertebrate skeletal muscle fiber is ensheathed by a basal lamina (BL) which
      passes through the synaptic cleft of the neuromuscular junction. In the adult,
      the synaptic portion of the BL is both functionally and chemically specialized.
      We have used an immunofluorescence method to compare the development of synaptic
      and extrasynaptic portions of BL in embryonic rat intercostal muscles.
      Immunohistochemical staining of adult muscle fibers with monoclonal and serum
      antibodies defines "synaptic" antigens (including acetylcholinesterase) that are
      concentrated in synaptic BL, "extrasynaptic" antigens that are concentrated in
      extrasynaptic regions, and "shared" antigens (including collagen IV, fibronectin,
      laminin, and a heparan sulfate proteoglycan) that are present in both synaptic
      and extrasynaptic BL ( Sanes and Chiu , 1983). Synapses appear on newly formed
      myotubes on embryonic Day 14 (E14; birth is on E22 ). Patches of BL that contain
      shared and extrasynaptic antigens are present on myotube surfaces by E15, and BL
      forms a continuous sheath by E17. Shared antigens are present at but not confined
      to synaptic areas by E15. Two synaptic antigens appear in synaptic areas a day
      later, and are not detectable extrasynaptically . At least one extrasynaptic
      antigen is present at immature synapses, and lost or masked by E19 . Thus
      synaptic BL is not assembled as a unit; rather, components are added, lost, or
      modified as synaptogenesis proceeds.

PMID- 6373448
TI  - Cyclic assembly-disassembly of cortical microtubules during maturation and early
      development of starfish oocytes.
AB  - An extensive array of cortical microtubules in oocytes of the starfish Pisaster
      ochraceus undergoes multiple cycles of disappearance and reappearance during
      maturation and early development. These events were studied in isolated fragments
      of the oocyte cortex stained with antitubulin antibodies for indirect
      immunofluorescence. The meshwork of long microtubules is present in the cortex
      (a) of immature oocytes, i.e., before treatment with the maturation-inducing
      hormone 1-methyladenine, (b) for 10-20 min after treatment with 1-methyladenine,
      (c) after formation of the second polar body (in reduced numbers in unfertilized
      oocytes), and (d) in the intermitotic period between first and second cleavage
      divisions. The array of cortical microtubules is absent in oocytes (a) undergoing
      germinal vesicle breakdown, (b) during the two meiotic divisions (polar body
      divisions), and (c) during mitosis of the first and, perhaps, subsequent cleavage
      divisions. The cycle of assembly-disassembly of cortical microtubules is
      synchronized to the cycle of nuclear envelope breakdown and reformation and to
      the mitotic cycle; specifically, cortical microtubules are present when a nucleus
      is intact (germinal vesicle, female pronucleus, zygote nucleus, blastomere
      nucleus) and are absent whenever a meiotic or mitotic spindle is present. These
      findings are discussed in terms of microtubule organizing centers in eggs,
      possible triggers for microtubule assembly and disassembly, the eccentric
      location of the germinal vesicle, and the regulation of oocyte maturation and
      cell division.

PMID- 6373449
TI  - Glucose-induced changes in histochemically determined Ca2+ in B-cell granules,
      45Ca uptake, and total Ca2+ of rat pancreatic islets.
AB  - Rat pancreatic islets contain an ionized or readily ionizable calcium fraction
      that can be determined by the metallochromic indicator glyoxal-bis-(2-
      hydroxyanil ) ( GBHA ). This calcium fraction is mainly localized in the
      secretory granules. The relationship between the effects of glucose on 45Ca
      uptake and on this ionized calcium fraction was investigated. In addition, the
      effects of glucose on total islet calcium content were also studied. Stimulation
      of isolated islets for 30 min with 15 mM glucose in the presence of 2.5 mM CaCl2
      increased the 45Ca uptake but decreased the GBHA -Ca content, while the total
      calcium content was not affected. Deletion of CaCl2 caused, at 2.5 mM glucose, an
      abrupt decrease of GBHA -Ca, which did not occur at 15 mM glucose. Total islet
      calcium content decreased slowly at 2.5 mM glucose, but this was not
      significantly affected by glucose stimulation. Islet GBHA -Ca can be reduced by
      70% and total islet calcium by 30% by means of washing with calcium-free buffer.
      Reintroduction of calcium at 2.5 mM glucose partly restored, but glucose 15 mM
      completely restored, the GBHA -Ca level within 5 min. The total calcium content
      was restored within 15 min independent of the glucose concentration. The increase
      of the islet calcium content equalled the 45Ca uptake at 2.5 mM glucose. The 45Ca
      uptake at 15 mM glucose was higher than the increase of the islet calcium
      content. The results indicate that the intragranular Ca2+ pool, as measured by
      GBHA , is rapidly and dramatically altered by glucose stimulation.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6373450
TI  - Development of early lesions of microangiopathy in chronically diabetic monkeys.
AB  - A chronic diabetic state was produced in Macaca fuscatus , and these diabetic
      monkeys were kept without insulin treatment for up to 25 mo. The metabolic
      derangements were characterized by hyperglycemia, insulinopenia,
      hyperglucagonemia, ketonemia, and hyperlipidemia. Significant thickening of the
      capillary basement membrane of the gastrocnemius muscle was observed in the
      chronically diabetic monkeys, and became obvious in the course of diabetic state;
      732 +/- 35 A in controls, 750 +/- 58 A in diabetic monkeys with duration of 4 mo,
      and 1165 +/- 112 A in those with duration of more than 11 mo. In addition to
      duration of the diabetic state, severity of hyperglycemia is also thought to play
      an important role in the capillary basement membrane thickening judging from the
      fact that diabetic monkeys with constant hyperglycemia showed a greater membrane
      thickening. Ultrastructural alterations, such as significant thickening of
      glomerular basement membrane and increase of mesangial matrix, were observed in
      kidney as well. These results indicate that diabetic microangiopathy has been
      produced by metabolic derangements characterized by chronic hyperglycemia,
      insulinopenia, and hyperlipidemia.

PMID- 6373452
TI  - Diabetes mellitus in sand rats (Psammomys obesus). Metabolic pattern during
      development of the diabetic syndrome.
AB  - It has been reported that sand rats, naturally feeding on low-caloric-value
      plants containing a high concentration of salt, become obese and develop
      hyperglycemia when fed on a standard laboratory diet. The aim of this study was
      to examine the long-term effects of a synthetic-chow diet on the metabolic
      pattern of the diabetic syndrome in a large group of sand rats. While a few
      animals had a fulminant reaction with markedly decreased glucose tolerance, low
      plasma insulin levels, and death within 3-4 wk, most sand rats developed obesity
      and elevated plasma insulin levels. From the third month and forward, 40% of sand
      rats presented with a diabetic syndrome with hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia,
      markedly decreased glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance. This diabetic
      syndrome can be compared with maturity-onset (type II) diabetes. When this
      synthetic-chow diet was given for more than 6 mo, the majority of animals lost
      considerable weight and showed a major depletion of fat stores. Serum
      immunoreactive insulin levels fell, while blood glucose rose to above 500 mg/dl
      with glycosuria and ketonuria. The elevated triglyceride content of plasma and
      the lipid deposits in the liver were greatly augmented, and no glycogen was
      present. Animals developed frank insulin-dependent diabetes, and diabetic animals
      not treated with insulin died in diabetic coma with presumed ketoacidosis. The
      disease was essentially confined to sand rats showing abnormal glucose tolerance,
      even before eating laboratory chow. This observation suggests a genetic factor.
      Thus, the sand rat appears to be a potentially interesting model for
      investigation of both maturity-onset and insulin-dependent diabetes.

PMID- 6373451
TI  - Pancreatic alpha cell autoantibodies and glucagon response to arginine.
AB  - The frequency and significance of cytoplasmic pancreatic alpha cell
      autoantibodies (ACA) were investigated in 2102 healthy controls, 879 patients
      with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) who were negative for islet cell
      autoantibodies (ICA), and 1567 relatives of IDDM patients. ACA were found in
      approximately 1 in 200 people of all ages and were not significantly associated
      with IDDM, the IDDM-associated HLA phenotypes DR3 and DR4, or thyrogastric or
      adrenal autoantibodies. Of 11 ACA-positive patients studied by arginine
      stimulation tests, none had frank glucagon deficiency. Thus, ACA do not appear to
      be associated with defective alpha cell function or with IDDM.

PMID- 6373453
TI  - A postbinding inhibitor of insulin action. Increased concentrations in the plasma
      of non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects.
AB  - "Postreceptor" insulin resistance in persons with non-insulin-dependent diabetes
      (NIDDM) could be due to an intrinsic defect in insulin-sensitive pathways or to
      the action of a circulating inhibitor. Since evidence for the former is lacking,
      we have addressed the question of a circulating inhibitor by examining the effect
      of plasma and plasma extracts from NIDDM subjects on the lipogenic response of
      rat adipocytes to insulin. A majority (77%) of plasma samples (1:20 dilution)
      from unselected, treated NIDDM subjects (N = 69) inhibited insulin-stimulated
      conversion of 3-3H-glucose to 3H-lipid in rat adipocytes to a greater extent than
      did control samples (N = 24). The mean +/- SD inhibition by NIDDM plasma (81 +/-
      21%) was significantly greater (P less than 0.01) than by control plasma (50 +/-
      14%). Diabetic and, to a lesser degree, control plasma both caused a significant
      decrease in the maximal response of lipogenesis to insulin. Inhibitory activity
      was extracted into acid/ethanol, present in the flow of a Sep-pak C18 column,
      heat-stable (56 degrees C for 30 min [plasma], 80 degrees C for 30 min
      [acid/ethanol]), resistant to proteases, and dialyzable through 1000-dalton-mol
      wt exclusion dialysis tubing. The inhibition by NIDDM plasma or partially
      purified inhibitor could not be explained by the presence of insulin antibodies,
      insulin receptor antibodies, other inhibitors of insulin binding, or the
      concentrations of known counterregulatory factors. There was no correlation
      between inhibitory activity and plasma glucose (r = 0.26), insulin (r = 0.33), C
      peptide (r = 0.26), or HbA1c (r = 0.26).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6373454
TI  - Insulin resistance in Cushing's disease. Evaluation by studies of insulin binding
      to erythrocytes.
AB  - Studies of 125I -insulin binding to erythrocytes (RBC) from 5 patients with
      Cushing's disease were performed in an attempt to evaluate the insulin resistance
      in this disease. Five obese, nondiabetic patients and six normal subjects served
      as controls. Insulin resistance was present in both the obese, nondiabetic
      subjects and in the patients with Cushing's disease. Patients with Cushing's
      disease showed insulin resistance out of proportion to obesity, and of greater
      severity than in the obese subjects. As in previous studies, the insulin
      resistance of the obese subjects could be at least partially ascribed to a
      reduced number of receptors. In contrast, in our patients with Cushing's disease,
      no physiologically significant changes in the parameters of insulin-receptor
      interaction could be demonstrated. This suggests that the RBC insulin receptor is
      not involved in this type of insulin resistance.

PMID- 6373455
TI  - Relationship between the plasma insulin response to oral glucose and insulin
      stimulated glucose utilization in normal subjects.
AB  - The relationship between in vivo insulin-stimulated glucose utilization
      (euglycemic clamp technique) and various estimates of the plasma insulin response
      to oral glucose was defined in 62 subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Both
      the incremental insulin increase above fasting (r = 0.61) and the total
      integrated insulin response (r = 0.65) were highly correlated (P less than 0.001)
      with in vivo insulin action, and the relationship between total insulin response
      and insulin action remained significant (r = 0.61, P less than 0.001) when
      corrected for variations in total glucose response, age, and obesity. In a subset
      of these subjects (N = 27) we were also able to assess state of habitual physical
      activity by estimating maximal oxygen consumption during bicycle ergometry. A
      significant correlation also existed between insulin action and response in these
      subjects (r = 0.67, P less than 0.001), which remained significant (r = 0.65)
      when differences in total glucose response, obesity, age, and maximal oxygen
      consumption were taken into account. These data demonstrate that there is a
      significant correlation between insulin response and insulin action in normal
      individuals that can account for approximately one-third of the total variance in
      insulin action seen in subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Thus,
      determination of plasma insulin levels after an oral glucose challenge can only
      provide a qualitative estimate of insulin-stimulated glucose utilization.

PMID- 6373456
TI  - The stimulus-secretion coupling of amino acid-induced insulin release. Secretory
      and oxidative response of pancreatic islets to L-asparagine.
AB  - L-Asparagine (2-10 mM) failed to affect insulin secretion from rat pancreatic
      islets incubated in the absence of exogenous nutrient or presence of D-glucose,
      but caused a dose-related and progressive enhancement of insulin release evoked
      by L-leucine, 2-aminobicyclo[2,2,1]heptane-2-carboxylate, or 2-ketoisocaproate.
      The secretory response to the combination of L-asparagine and L-leucine was
      augmented by theophylline and inhibited in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ or
      presence of either menadione or methylamine. L-Asparagine augmented leucine
      stimulated 45Ca net uptake. The ATP content, rate of O2 uptake, and
      malate/pyruvate ratio were not significantly different in islets exposed to L
      leucine alone or to both L-asparagine and L-leucine, respectively. In the sole
      presence of L-asparagine, however, the malate/oxalacetate ratio was decreased and
      the malate/pyruvate ratio increased, relative to basal values. It is proposed
      that the enhancing action of L-asparagine upon insulin release evoked by L
      leucine might be due to an accelerated generation rate of cytosolic NADPH, rather
      than to any sizable increase in either islet respiration or steady-state
      cytosolic NADPH/NADP+ ratio.

PMID- 6373457
TI  - C-peptide as a measure of the secretion and hepatic extraction of insulin.
      Pitfalls and limitations.
AB  - The large and variable hepatic extraction of insulin is a major obstacle to our
      ability to quantitate insulin secretion accurately in human subjects. The
      evidence that C-peptide is secreted from the beta cell in equimolar concentration
      with insulin, but not extracted by the liver to any significant degree, has
      provided a firm scientific basis for the use of peripheral C-peptide
      concentrations as a semiquantitative marker of beta cell secretory activity in a
      variety of clinical situations. Thus, plasma C-peptide has proved to be extremely
      valuable in the study of the natural history of type 1 diabetes, to monitor
      insulin secretion in patients with insulin antibodies, and as an adjunct in the
      investigation of patients with hypoglycemic disorders. The use of the peripheral
      C-peptide concentration to accurately quantitate the rate of insulin secretion is
      more controversial. This is mainly because understanding of the kinetics and
      metabolism of C-peptide under different conditions is incomplete. Unfortunately,
      sufficient quantities of human C-peptide are not available to allow the
      experimental validation of the mathematical formulae that have been proposed for
      the calculation of insulin secretion from peripheral C-peptide concentrations.
      Until it is possible to perform such experiments, the accuracy of studies that
      have derived insulin secretion rates from peripheral C-peptide levels will remain
      uncertain. The assumption that the peripheral C-peptide:insulin molar ratio can
      be used as a reflection of hepatic insulin extraction has not been experimentally
      validated. The marked difference in the plasma half-lives of insulin and C
      peptide complicates the interpretation of changes in their ratios.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6373458
TI  - Differential sensitivity to beta-cell secretagogues in "early," type I diabetes
      mellitus.
AB  - The insulin secretory response to various beta-cell secretagogues was studied in
      four children (ages 11, 11, 12, and 10 yr) in "early" stages or remission of type
      I diabetes mellitus. One child was an anti-islet antibody positive monozygotic
      twin of a type I diabetic subject, two children had impaired glucose tolerance
      and elevated levels of Ia-positive T-cells, and the fourth was in remission (off
      insulin) of type I diabetes 6 mo after immunotherapy. The peak first-phase (0-10
      min) insulin increment after intravenous (i.v.) glucose was negligible in each
      patient, whereas the peak responses to i.v. glucagon, tolbutamide, arginine, and
      oral glucose ranged between 10% and 43% of median responses in normal control
      subjects. The rank order of response to a variety of secretagogues was remarkably
      similar in all four subjects: i.v. arginine greater than i.v. glucagon greater
      than oral glucose greater than i.v. tolbutamide greater than i.v. glucose. These
      studies indicate that a "functional" beta-cell defect, namely a complete loss of
      response to i.v. glucose and a partial loss to other secretagogues, exists in
      type I diabetic patients before complete beta-cell destruction. This alteration
      in beta-cell responsiveness probably underlies our prior observation of slowly
      progressive loss of i.v.-glucose-induced insulin release in islet cell antibody
      positive siblings to type I diabetic subjects.

PMID- 6373459
TI  - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and insulin release in the obese Zucker rat.
AB  - The involvement of the gut hormone GIP (gastric inhibitory polypeptide, glucose
      dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) in the hyperinsulinemia of the adult obese
      Zucker rat was investigated. Glucose, insulin, and GIP responses to oral glucose
      were compared in lean and obese rats. The sensitivity of the isolated, perfused
      pancreas to glucose and GIP was studied in basal and hyperglycemic conditions in
      lean and obese rats. Immunocytochemical studies of the gut and pancreas were also
      carried out. The glucose and GIP responses to oral glucose were similar in lean
      and obese rats, but obese animals were hyperinsulinemic compared with lean
      controls under fasting conditions and after oral glucose. The isolated, perfused
      pancreas of obese Zucker rats had an elevated insulin response to 300 mg/dl
      glucose. GIP increased the insulin response to 300 mg/dl glucose threefold in
      both lean and obese rats. At basal glucose levels (80 mg/dl), GIP augmented
      insulin release in obese but not in lean rats. Immunocytochemical studies
      demonstrated the presence of enlarged islets in obese rats due to an increase in
      the B-cell mass. A-, D-, and PP-cells appeared normal. Obese and lean rats had
      similar numbers of GIP-containing cells in the gut. This study suggests that GIP
      may contribute to the fasting hyperinsulinemia characteristic of adult obese
      Zucker rats. GIP infusion to achieve levels equivalent to those seen in the basal
      state are capable of stimulating insulin release in the absence of hyperglycemia
      in the obese rat, which suggests an impairment of the regulatory mechanisms
      controlling the glucose-dependent insulinotropic action of GIP in these animals.

PMID- 6373460
TI  - Total lymphoid irradiation prevents diabetes mellitus in the Bio
      Breeding/Worcester (BB/W) rat.
AB  - Total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) at doses of 2200 rads or greater prevented
      diabetes in susceptible BB/W rats. Two of 29 (7%) treated rats became diabetic
      compared with 23 of 39 (59%) controls (P less than 0.001). TLI did not, however,
      prevent insulitis or thyroiditis in nondiabetic rats, nor did it restore the
      depressed concanavalin-A responsiveness of BB rat lymphocytes. T-lymphocyte
      subset proportions were the same in both groups. TLI was associated with
      significant radiation-related mortality, and nondiabetic TLI-treated rats weighed
      significantly less than controls. We conclude that TLI is effective in the
      prevention of BB rat diabetes. However, TLI fails to correct the subclinical
      immunologic abnormalities of the model and is associated with significant
      morbidity.

PMID- 6373461
TI  - Alterations in rat pancreatic B-cell function induced by prenatal exposure to
      cyproheptadine.
AB  - Treatment of pregnant rats with cyproheptadine during the last 8 days of
      gestation produced alterations in the function of the endocrine pancreas in the
      offspring. The abnormalities exhibited by 50-day-old progeny of drug-treated dams
      included glucose intolerance, a two-fold increase in levels of insulin in the
      pancreas, and an accentuated response to the insulin-lowering action of
      cyproheptadine in the endocrine pancreas. The alterations observed in these
      animals were limited to the insulin-containing cells, and no change was found in
      the pancreatic concentrations of glucagon and somatostatin. The results are the
      first to demonstrate that postnatal pancreatic B-cell function can be selectively
      altered by prenatal exposure to an exogenous chemical.

PMID- 6373462
TI  - Preceding hyperinsulinemia prevents demonstration of insulin effect on fat
      induced gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP).
AB  - The effect of insulin on fat-induced gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) release
      has been studied in seven healthy volunteers during euglycemic blood glucose
      clamping. In the first protocol, insulin (0.1 U/kg/h) was infused 2 h before
      ingestion of 100 g fat and continued for 2 h thereafter. In protocol II, saline
      was infused 2 h before the fat load and the insulin infusion started at the time
      of fat ingestion. During both insulin infusion studies, glucose levels were
      clamped at the fasting level by means of the Biostator and plasma levels of
      insulin, C-peptide, and GIP were estimated by radioimmunoassay. The response of
      GIP to oral fat was inhibited by 63% if insulin infusion was started at the time
      of fat ingestion, whereas no inhibition was seen if a 2-h hyperinsulinemic period
      preceded the fat load. The plasma insulin levels were comparable at the end of
      each experiment, ranging from 110 to 130 microU/ml. Plasma C-peptide levels
      decreased during the insulin infusion and increased after fat ingestion. These
      findings were not the result of inhibition of gastric emptying by insulin because
      they could be confirmed in four volunteers with intraduodenal infusion of fat.
      The present data show that insulin does inhibit fat-induced GIP secretion in
      normal man, but preceding hyperinsulinemic glucose clamping masks this insulin
      effect, probably by decreasing the sensitivity of the GIP cells to insulin.

PMID- 6373464
TI  - Marked improvement in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in diabetic Australian
      aborigines after temporary reversion to traditional lifestyle.
AB  - The rationale for the present study was that temporarily reversing the
      urbanization process in diabetic Aborigines should improve all aspects of their
      carbohydrate and lipid metabolism that are linked to insulin resistance. Ten full
      blood, diabetic Aborigines from the Mowanjum Community (Derby, Western Australia)
      agreed to be tested before and after living for 7 wk as hunter-gatherers in their
      traditional country in north-western Australia. They were middle aged (53.9 +/-
      1.8 yr) and overweight (81.9 +/- 3.4 kg), and all lost weight steadily over the 7
      wk period (average, 8 kg). A detailed analysis of food intake over 2 wk revealed
      a low-energy intake (1200 kcal/person/day). Despite the high contribution of
      animal food to the total energy intake (64%), the diet was low in total fat (13%)
      due to the very low fat content of wild animals. Oral glucose tolerance tests (75
      g glucose) were conducted in the urban setting and repeated at the end of 7 wk of
      traditional lifestyle. The marked improvement in glucose was due to both a fall
      in fasting glucose (11.6 +/- 1.2 mM before, 6.6 +/- 0.8 mM after) and an
      improvement in postprandial glucose clearance (incremental area under the glucose
      curve: 15.0 +/- 1.2 mmol/L/h before, 11.7 +/- 1.2 mmol/L/h after). Fasting plasma
      insulin concentration fell (23 +/- 2 mU/L before, 12 +/- 1 mU/L after) and the
      insulin response to glucose improved (incremental area under the insulin curve:
      61 +/- 18 mU/L/h before, 104 +/- 21 mU/L/h after). The marked fall in fasting
      plasma triglycerides (4.0 +/- 0.5 mM before, 1.2 +/- 0.1 mM after) was due
      largely to the fall in VLDL triglyceride concentration (2.31 +/- 0.31 mM before,
      0.20 +/- 0.03 mM after.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6373465
TI  - Bibliography of developmental medicine and child neurology: selected books and
      articles received in 1983.

PMID- 6373463
TI  - Serum somatomedin-C concentrations in a rabbit model of diabetic pregnancy.
AB  - We have developed and validated a method for measuring immunoreactive somatomedin
      C (Sm-C) in serum of rabbits, and have shown that during midgestation (11-26
      days; gestation = 31 days) serum Sm-C concentrations are higher in normal
      pregnant animals than in pregnant diabetic animals. Sm-C concentrations in the
      serum of 28-day gestation fetuses of diabetic rabbits (3.14 +/- 0.25 U/ml) were
      significantly higher than in the fetuses of nondiabetic rabbits (2.31 +/- 0.23
      U/ml; P less than 0.05). Fetuses from litters of the most severely hyperglycemic
      diabetic mothers (glucose greater than 250 mg/dl) had higher serum Sm-C (3.66 +/-
      0.41 U/ml) than those of mothers who were mildly hyperglycemic (2.71 +/- 0.2
      U/ml). Although these differences were not statistically significant, fetuses
      from the former litters accounted in great part for the difference between the
      fetuses of diabetic and normal pregnancy. The diabetes-related increment in Sm-C
      does not appear to be due to insulin, since fetal insulin concentrations were not
      different between the normal and diabetic litters (normal, 50.0 +/- 3.6 microU/ml
      versus diabetic, 49.6 +/- 7.6 microU/ml). Despite their elevation in serum Sm-C,
      fetuses from litters of diabetic rabbits were growth retarded in weight (26.8 +/-
      6.9 g and 33.8 +/- 6.9 g, diabetic versus normal pregnancy; P less than 0.05) and
      in length (7.9 +/- 0.7 cm and 8.6 +/- 0.7 cm, diabetic versus normal pregnancy; P
      less than 0.025). We speculate that these discrepancies between growth and Sm-C
      might be secondary to the toxic effects of glucose on embryonic growth and that
      later in gestation, the excessive energy provided to the fetus might stimulate Sm
      C synthesis.

PMID- 6373466
TI  - Elevated plasma cholecystokinin concentrations in exocrine pancreatic atrophy in
      the rat.
AB  - Rats were fed with a copper-deficient diet combined with penicillamine to produce
      an atrophy of the exocrine pancreas by selective destruction of the acinar cells,
      which are replaced by fat cells. Plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) concentrations in
      animals with exocrine pancreatic atrophy were 250% higher compared to control
      animals (21.7 +/- 7.8 vs. 6.1 +/- 1.07 pmol/l; p less than 0.001). Plasma
      concentrations of gastrin were significantly decreased by 44% and of gastric
      inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) significantly increased by 24%, while the decrease
      of the plasma insulin did not reach the level of significance. In the proximal
      duodenum a significant decrease of the CCK concentration could be observed,
      whereas tissue concentrations of GIP in duodenum and jejunum and gastrin in the
      gastric antrum remained unaltered. These data suggest that the negative feedback
      control of pancreatic enzyme secretion is mediated by the release of CCK.

PMID- 6373467
TI  - Two enzymes for the detoxication of organophosphorus compounds--sources,
      similarities, and significance.
AB  - An enzyme in E. coli that hydrolyzes diisopropylphosphorofluoridate (DFP) has now
      been found to hydrolyze the nerve gas 1,2,2-
      trimethylpropylmethylphosphonofluoridate (soman) many times faster. With either
      substrate the E. coli enzyme is stimulated manyfold by 10(-3) M Mn2+. These
      criteria are combined and applied to this, and to a superficially similar but
      distinctly different, enzyme found in squid nerve. The results suggest that while
      several tissues of the squid contain only this second kind of DFP hydrolyzing
      enzyme, termed squid type DFPase , many other sources including E. coli contain a
      mixture of squid type DFPase (the name not strictly indicative of source) and the
      other DFP hydrolyzing enzyme, now termed Mazur type DFPase . Procedures for the
      purification of Mazur type DFPase from hog kidney, while increasing the specific
      activity for DFP hydrolysis may actually have been enriching the purified
      material in the squid type DFPase . Because E. coli has the highest soman
      hydrolyzing capacity of any source so far examined, this organism is a promising
      source for the development of new purification procedures for Mazur type DFPase .

PMID- 6373468
TI  - Evaluation of animal models for predicting skin penetration in man.
AB  - The human skin grafted athymic nude mouse, pig skin grafted athymic nude mouse,
      hairless dog, and weanling Yorkshire pig were evaluated as models for predicting
      skin penetration in man. Nine radiolabeled compounds previously tested on man
      were applied topically (4 micrograms/cm2) to each animal. These compounds
      included caffeine, benzoic acid, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, three steroids, and
      three insecticides. To correct for incomplete excretion of the label following
      topical absorption, percentage penetration was calculated by dividing the
      percentage of the topically applied radioactive dose recovered in the excreta by
      the corresponding percentage after parenteral administration and multiplication
      by 100. In the case of the grafted athymic nude mouse, calculated values of
      percentage penetration were confirmed because significant correlations (r = 0.78
      for the human skin grafted athymic nude mouse and r = 0.97 for the pig skin
      grafted athymic nude mouse) were found between the calculated values and
      percentage penetration determined by summing radioactivity recovered in the
      urine, feces, tissues, and carcass. The results revealed a significant
      correlation between human skin grafted athymic nude mouse values and human values
      (r = 0.74, p = 0.05), and between weanling Yorkshire pig values and human values
      (r = 0.83, p = 0.05). In contrast, no significant correlation existed between
      human values and those of the hairless dog and pig skin grafted athymic nude
      mouse. The disposition of radioactivity following topical application of the
      radiolabeled nerve agent analog ( diisopropylfluorophosphonate ) and simulant
      (diethyl malonate) was determined in the weanling pig and the human skin grafted
      athymic nude mouse.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6373469
TI  - [Relation between the somatotropic hormone and senile osteoporosis].

PMID- 6373470
TI  - Tyramine is a major mutagen precursor in soy sauce, being convertible to a
      mutagen by nitrite.
AB  - Tyramine was identified as a new mutagen precursor in Japanese soy sauce,
      becoming mutagenic after treatment with nitrite under acidic conditions. The
      mutagenic compound was identified as 4-(2-aminoethyl)-6-diazo-2,4-
      cyclohexadienone , and its specific mutagenic activity was 112
      revertants/micrograms towards Salmonella typhimurium TA100 without S9 mix.

PMID- 6373471
TI  - Disorganization of microfilaments caused by tumor promoters in mouse fibroblasts.
AB  - The effect of tumor promoters on the organization of BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts was
      examined by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using anti-actin antibodies.
      Potent tumor promoters such as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, teleocidin,
      dihydroteleocidin B and debromoaplysiatoxin , in spite of their different
      chemical structures, all induced disruption of microfilaments. This change was
      still observed in the presence of actinomycin D.

PMID- 6373472
TI  - Comparison of mutagenicities of N-nitrosamines on Salmonella typhimurium TA100
      and Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA/pKM101 using rat and hamster liver s9.
AB  - The mutagenicities of twelve N-nitrosamines were tested on Salmonella typhimurium
      TA100 and Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA/pKM101 in the presence of rat liver S9 or
      hamster liver S9 by "preincubation" and "pour-plate" assays. The following eleven
      N-nitrosamines were mutagenic: N-nitroso-N-dimethylamine; N-nitroso-N
      diethylamine; N-nitroso-N-di-n-propylamine; N-nitroso-N-di-n-butylamine; N
      nitroso-N-methyl-n- amylamine ; N-nitroso-piperidine; N-nitrosomorpholine; N
      nitroso-N-methyl-piperazine; N-nitroso-N-methyl-benzylamine; N-nitroso-N-methyl-
      phenylamine and N-nitroso-N-phenyl-benzylamine. N-Nitroso-N-diphenylamine was not
      mutagenic. E. coli WP2 uvrA/pKM101 was more sensitive than S. typhimurium TA100
      to the mutagenic actions of N-nitroso-dialkyl amines, N-nitroso- aklyl -aryl
      amines and N-nitroso- diaryl amines, but S. typhimurium TA100 was more sensitive
      to those of N-nitroso-cyclic amines. Hamster liver S9 was better than rat liver
      S9 for metabolic activation of N-nitrosamines, and the preincubation step
      enhanced the mutagenicities of N-nitrosamines.

PMID- 6373473
TI  - Activation of promutagenic N-nitrosomorpholine and other N-nitrosoalkylamines by
      near-ultraviolet irradiation in the presence of phosphates.
AB  - When a neutral solution of N-nitrosomorpholine, N-nitrosopyrrolidine, or N
      nitrosopiperidine was irradiated with near-ultraviolet light, the solution became
      mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium TA100 in the absence of metabolic activation.
      The formation of the active compounds required the presence of phosphate or its
      esters such as adenosine 5'-triphosphate during the irradiation.

PMID- 6373474
TI  - Blood group H(O) antigen in normal, dysplastic and carcinomatous esophageal
      epithelium.
AB  - Variation of the binding Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I (Ulex-I), a lectin specific
      for blood group H(O) substance, was examined in normal, dysplastic and cancerous
      esophageal epithelium from 43 instances of carcinoma by means of the lectin-
      antilectin peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. The normal epithelium showed strong
      staining at the cell border, although the basal cells were entirely negative. In
      mild and moderate dysplasia, staining was negative, while in some cases of severe
      dysplasia positive staining was found in the basal cells. Most of the basal cells
      in carcinoma in situ revealed granular or diffuse positive staining in the
      cytoplasm. The results indicate that the loss of blood group H antigen occurs
      during carcinogenesis of the esophageal mucosa. Thus, Ulex-I may be a useful
      marker of cytoplasmic differentiation of the esophagus.

PMID- 6373475
TI  - Correlation between carcinoembryonic antigen in gastric cancer tissue and
      survival of patients with gastric cancer.
AB  - Gastric cancer specimens obtained from 162 patients who had undergone radical
      surgery with the routine postoperative administration of both mitomycin C and 5
      fluorouracil were stained for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by the unlabeled
      antibody enzyme technique. The CEA (-/+) group (92 cases) consisting of the
      negative and weakly positive staining cases had a significantly better survival
      rate over a period of 5 years than the CEA (++) group (70 cases) which comprised
      only strongly positive cases. The CEA (-/+) group with differentiated
      adenocarcinoma had the best prognosis and the 5-year survival rate was
      significantly higher than those of the other three groups. Among stage II and III
      carcinomas, the postoperative survival rate was significantly better in the CEA (
      /+) group than in the CEA (++) group. Among the patients with lymph node
      metastasis, the postoperative survival rate was low, especially in the CEA (++)
      group. The present data suggest that staining for CEA in tissue sections of
      stomach carcinoma may be helpful in differentiating among tumors that appear
      similar by conventional histological methods, thus providing a new means for
      obtaining more precise prognostic information.

PMID- 6373476
TI  - A study on the distribution of G-cells in human gastric mucosa.
AB  - The distribution of G-cells in the gastric glands was studied quantitatively
      using the indirect immunoperoxidase method in 37 resected stomachs: 11 for
      esophageal cancer, 14 for gastric cancer, 4 for gastric ulcer, 7 for duodenal
      ulcer, and 1 for atypical epithelium. G-cells were seen in the pyloric glands and
      in the pseudopyloric glands in the atrophic fundic gland area. No G-cells were
      found in the fundic glands or in the cardiac glands. There was a significant
      correlation between the number of G-cells and the pyloric and/or pseudopyloric
      glandular tubes (p less than 0.01). The number of G-cells per glandular tube was
      1.9 +/- 0.5 in the pyloric glands and 1.2 +/- 0.4 in the pseudopyloric glands on
      the pyloric part of the atrophic fundic gland area. G-cells were rarely seen in
      the pseudopyloric glands on the cardiac part of the atrophic fundic gland area.
      It is suggested that the pseudopyloric glands without G-cells in the cardiac
      region are akin to cardiac glands.

PMID- 6373477
TI  - Effect of simultaneous administration of glucagon and insulin on renal function
      in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites.
AB  - Since glucagon and insulin (G/I) have been suggested to be hepatotrophic
      substances, the effect of G/I infusion on the ability to excrete water and sodium
      was tested in seven patients with cirrhosis and ascites (decompensated group),
      and compared with that in seven cirrhotics without ascites (compensated group). A
      constant infusion of 1 U glucagon and 10 U regular insulin over 2 hours daily for
      14 days resulted in a significant improvement of prothrombin time in the
      decompensated group. Concomitantly, an increase in urine volume (62%, p less than
      0.02) and a tendency toward an increase in urinary sodium excretion (68%, 0.05
      less than p less than 0.1) were observed only in the decompensated group after
      the G/I infusion. In addition, these were associated with increases in creatinine
      clearance and osmotic clearance. These results suggest that glucagon and insulin
      merit further study in hepatorenal syndrome cases.

PMID- 6373478
TI  - Idiopathic portal hypertension.

PMID- 6373479
TI  - Esophageal cryptococcosis in a patient with the hyperimmunoglobulin E-recurrent
      infection (Job's) syndrome.
AB  - Patients with the hyperimmunoglobulin E-recurrent infection (Job's) syndrome,
      which is characterized by an elevated immunoglobulin E level, recurrent
      staphylococcal infections, and an abnormality of neutrophil chemotaxis, have been
      reported to have visceral Candida infections in addition to their more frequent
      pyogenic infections. We report a patient with Job's syndrome who presented with
      massive hematemesis secondary to esophageal cryptococcosis. A thorough evaluation
      for an occult neoplasm or extraesophageal cryptococcosis was negative. The
      patient received a 6-wk course of amphotericin B (970 mg) and 5-fluorocytosine
      with complete radiographic and endoscopic resolution of the lesion. He is doing
      well 18 mo after therapy. The patient was not anergic, and his response to T-cell
      mitogens, helper-to-suppressor T-cell ratio, total number of T cells, and
      immunoglobulin-producing capability were all normal. This case is unusual in that
      it is the first documentation of a cryptococcoma of the esophagus and underscores
      the importance of culturing abnormal specimens for unsuspected pathogens in
      unusual clinical circumstances.

PMID- 6373480
TI  - [Headache following epidural anesthesia].
AB  - A study of the side effects of epidural anesthesia for painless delivery in 100
      patients showed that 90% of the post partum patients were very satisfied with the
      analgesia and did not consider symptoms post partum to be very debilitating and
      did not blame the epidural anesthesia for the symptoms. Severe pain in the
      occiput and the cervical spine occurred in only two cases. In one case, the
      cerebro-spinal fluid was punctured. Headaches following epidural anesthesia are
      described as a great disadvantage of this method of obstetric analgesia. However,
      the headaches were no more common in the group with epidural anesthesia than in
      the compare group. No correlation was found with puncture of the dura which is
      suspected in the literature. Retention of urine was not found to be correlated to
      the epidural anesthesia. Uniformity of the responses by the maternity patients
      were striking especially if one considered that the social condition and the
      psychic condition of the individual woman such as attitude to delivery, presence
      of the husband at delivery, and other factors were not evaluated.

PMID- 6373481
TI  - [Advantages and hazards of preventing infection following cesarean section-
      clinical and bacteriologic results of a high-dosage treatment with mezlocillin
      and oxacillin short-term preventive following clamping of the umbilical cord].
AB  - Between August 1980 and August 1981 a prospective randomised study was conducted
      at the Krankenhaus Nordwest , Dept. of OBGYN , Frankfurt, to investigate the
      efficacy of a short term prophylaxis using mezlocillin and oxacillin ( Optocillin
      ) in reducing infections after Caesarean section (6 gs Optocillin after clamping
      the umbilical cord and after 8 and 16 hours, respectively). Both the study group
      (sg) and the control group (cg) consisted of 50 patients each. Both groups were
      statistically homogeneous . Infections were significantly reduced by the
      prophylaxis: sg 26%/cg 64% - p less than 0,001, febrile morbidity: sg 10%/cg 38% 
      p less than 0,001, endometritis: sg 6%/cg 20% - p less than 0,08, UTI: sg 18%/cg
      36% - p less than 0,05, wound infections: sg 2%/cg 18% - p less than 0,02. Severe
      infections, however, were seen in neither group. The duration of infections was
      shorter in the sg. The various postoperative infections were associated with
      different risk factors (rf) - endometritis: green amniotic fluid, operating time
      greater than 75 min; cervical dilatation less than 2 cm, UTI: PROM (greater than
      6 hs), operating time less than 75 min, internal monitoring, cervical dilatation
      greater than 2 cm, wound infections: green amniotic fluid, internal monitoring,
      frequent vaginal examinations (greater than 6), cervical dilatation greater than
      2 cm and operating time greater than 75 min. The prophylaxis was especially
      effective in the presence of the following rfs: green amniotic fluid, internal
      monitoring, frequent vaginal examinations (6), operating time greater than 75 min
      and when associated with combined rfs. The reduction of wound infections
      following the prophylaxis can be ascribed to the elimination of organisms (Staph.
      spec., enterococci,) at the site of operation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6373482
TI  - [Nova-T and Copper-T in a 5 years' comparison].
AB  - A multi-centre randomized comparative study for five years was conducted on the
      efficacy of the Nova-T and the copper-T-200 intra-uterine contraceptive devices.
      A total of 1865 insertions during the last days of menstruation or a few days
      following menstruation or immediately following a therapeutic abortion (in 322
      women) was performed. The cumulative total Pearl-Index during the five years of
      the study was 0.8 for the Nova-T and 2.0 for the copper-T-200. The pregnancy rate
      for the Nova-T was lower than for the copper-T-200 in each country, each age
      group and each parity group. The copper-T was expelled most frequently in the
      youngest age group and most rarely in the oldest age group. Evaluated by the
      expulsion rate, the retention of the Nova-T was not influenced by age and much
      less influenced by parity than the retention of the copper-T. Because of the
      small diameter of the insertion tube, there were no problems with the insertion
      of the Nova-T. The removal of the Nova-T was easy and uncomplicated. In our
      study, the fertility returned unencumbered irrespective of a wearing time of the
      device for more or less than two years. The results show, that the Nova-T is an
      excellent device for intra-uterine contraception.

PMID- 6373483
TI  - [Postcoital IUD insertion, a review].
AB  - Following the development of hormonal interception after coitus the post-coital
      insertion of an intrauterine contraceptive device was proposed by Tatum . The
      advantage of this treatment is the avoidance of the ingestion of large doses of
      estrogen which causes much nausea and vomiting although it is a very effective
      post-coital method of contraception. The recently proposed alternative
      administration of 200 micrograms Ethynol Estradiol combined with 2 mg of DL
      norgesterol in 2 equal doses at 12 hour intervals has the same disadvantage of a
      high percentage of side effects. The post-coital insertion of an intrauterine
      contraceptive device is the first method which is effective up to five days
      following unprotected intercourse which is three days longer than treatment by
      estrogen. In addition the method can be offered to women who would want to
      continue to wear the intrauterine contraceptive device for long term
      contraception. The disadvantage of the post-coital insertion of an intrauterine
      contraceptive device is the ability of serious complications if the patient has a
      vaginal or venereal infection or an asymptomatic cervicitis or salpingitis.
      Following appropriate physical examination women who present themselves for post
      coital treatment are selected. Cases of rape are usually not suitable for
      treatment with intrauterine contraceptives devices. However, when cases of rape
      are seen early enough the appropriate investigations may be done and the
      treatment with the intrauterine device started within five days. The potential
      risk of future infertility must be considered since salpingitis is 7 times more
      common in nulliparous wearers of intrauterine devices than in nulliparous non
      wearers. Young sexually active nulliparous women especially of lower socio
      economic background are patients with a high risk. Over 70% of the women who
      present themselves for interception treatment are nulliparous.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6373484
TI  - A reline impression technique for extracoronal preparations.

PMID- 6373485
TI  - Resin-retained bridges: the natural-tooth pontic.

PMID- 6373486
TI  - Esthetic veneering: materials and techniques.

PMID- 6373487
TI  - Overdenture treatment with the O-SO attachment.

PMID- 6373488
TI  - Crown cementation with an internal escape channel.

PMID- 6373489
TI  - An evaluation of cavosurface design and microleakage.

PMID- 6373490
TI  - Resin-retained bridges: the acrylic denture-tooth pontic.

PMID- 6373491
TI  - Benign mucosal pemphigoid: report of a case.

PMID- 6373492
TI  - Hibernation depth influences the edible dormouse pancreatic B cell during the
      spring arousal.
AB  - In order to determine the influence of hibernation depth upon the secretion and
      the effect of insulin, two groups of edible dormice were maintained in winter
      under different climatic and nutritional conditions, and their pancreatic B-cell
      function was tested during the spring arousal. The first group of animals was
      exposed to a moderate temperature and fed ad libitum. Their periods of
      hypothermia were short and irregular and the active periods sometimes lasted
      several days; their body weight increased during the winter months; in spring,
      the sensitivity of B cells to glucose was low, decreasing insulin secretion in
      vivo and in vitro, and the adipocytes were insulin resistant. The second group of
      fasting animals was exposed to a low and constant temperature (5 degrees). Their
      phases of lethargy were long and regular (about 15 days), separated by active
      periods (6-8 hr); their body weight decreased during the winter months; in spring
      the B-cell secretion was increased and the sensitivity of the tissues to insulin
      ensured a high peripheral glucose utilization. These data show that the winter
      climatic and nutritional conditions which influence the depth of hibernation
      modify the edible dormouse B-cell activity during the spring arousal.

PMID- 6373493
TI  - Immunocytochemical evidence for the occurrence of insulin in the frontal ganglion
      of a Lepidopteran insect, the tobacco hornworm moth, Manduca sexta L.
AB  - The frontal ganglion of the adult forms of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta,
      was investigated immunocytochemically for the occurrence of the gastro-entero
      pancreatic (GEP) neurohormonal peptides, namely insulin, nerve growth factor,
      epidermal growth factor, insulin C-peptide, somatostatin, glucagon, glicentin,
      pancreatic polypeptide (PP), polypeptide YY (PYY), secretin, vasoactive
      intestinal peptide (VIP), gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), gastrin,
      cholecystokinin (CCK), enkephalin, alpha- and beta-endorphins, substance P,
      neurotensin, bombesin, motilin, ACTH, serotonin, and calcitonin. Among all the
      antisera tested, positive immunostaining was obtained with anti-insulin B-chain
      serum only. The insulin B-chain immunoreactivity was localized in 4-6 large (30
      40 microns) neurons, in the neuropile, and in the recurrent nerve. It is
      speculated that the insulin-like immunoreactive material may be transported to
      the neurohaemal organ (corpora cardiaca) through the nervi cardiaco
      somatogastrici.

PMID- 6373494
TI  - Two-step resistance by Escherichia coli B to bacteriophage T2.
AB  - Numerous authors have noted the difficulty in obtaining mutants of E. coli B that
      are resistant to bacteriophage T2 using standard procedures of plating large
      numbers of cells in the presence of excess phage. Yet, T2-resistant mutants
      appear in continuous culture at rates in consistent with this difficulty. This
      paradoxical result derives from the fact that resistance to T2 usually arises as
      a consequence of two nonindependent mutations. Mutant bacteria resistant to phage
      T4 are very common and increase rapidly in continuous culture with phage T2 owing
      to an approximate halving of the rate at which T2 adsorbs to and kills these
      partially resistant mutants. The rate at which these partially resistant mutants
      then give rise to fully resistant mutants is approximately two orders of
      magnitude higher than the rate obtained by direct selection. These results are
      consistent with biochemical evidence that T2 adsorption to E. coli B involves
      both the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (to which phage T4 adsorbs) and a bacterial
      surface protein. However, this genetic evidence suggests that T2 can adsorb to
      either receptor type alone, whereas the biochemical evidence suggests that T2
      requires a complex of the two receptors for adsorption to E. coli B. These
      results also indicate that the effects of genetic background can influence not
      only the selective advantage associated with particular mutations but also the
      rate at which certain selectively defined characteristics arise via mutation.

PMID- 6373495
TI  - A suppressor of SNF1 mutations causes constitutive high-level invertase synthesis
      in yeast.
AB  - The SNF1 gene product of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required to derepress
      expression of many glucose-repressible genes, including the SUC2 structural gene
      for invertase. Strains carrying a recessive snf1 mutation are unable to ferment
      sucrose. We have isolated 30 partial phenotypic revertants of a snf1 mutant that
      were able to ferment sucrose. Genetic characterization of these revertants showed
      that the suppressor mutations were all recessive and defined eight
      complementation groups, designated ssn1 through ssn8 (suppressor of snf1 ). The
      revertants were assayed for secreted invertase activity, and although activity
      was detected in members of each complementation group, only the ssn6 strains
      contained wild-type levels. Synthesis of secreted invertase in ssn6 strains was
      found to be constitutive, that is, insensitive to glucose repression; moreover,
      the ssn6 mutations also conferred constitutivity in a wild-type ( SNF1 ) genetic
      background and are, therefore, not merely suppressors of snf1 . Pleiotropic
      defects were observed in ssn6 mutants. Genetic analysis suggested that the ssn6
      mutations are allelic to the cyc8 mutation isolated by R. J. Rothstein and F.
      Sherman, which causes increased production of iso-2-cytochrome c. The data
      suggest a regulatory function for SSN6 .

PMID- 6373497
TI  - [Induced mutagenesis of plasmid and chromosomal genes inserted into plasmid DNA.
      I. The mutagenic action of radiation].
AB  - This paper describes the results of treating plasmid DNA in vitro with mutagens,
      to obtain mutations both in plasmid genes and chromosomal genes comprised within
      the plasmid, thus avoiding disorganization characteristic of in vivo mutagenesis.
      The model system is represented by DNA of RSF2124 responsible for colicine E1
      synthesis and resistance to ampicillin. Col- mutants were looked for after
      exposure to UV- and gamma-irradiation. The lethal effect was estimated as
      inactivation of the ampicillin resistance marker. After reisolation from mutant
      transformant of the plasmid DNA, the novel character and resistance to ampicillin
      proved to retain in the course of subsequent transformations and passages of
      transformed colonies, suggesting the mutational nature of the changes. Exposure
      of RSF2124 to short-wave UV-irradiation (lambda = 254 nm) produced a pronounced
      mutagenic effect: the relative quantity of Col- mutants under optimal conditions
      of mutagenesis increased about 10 times. In the case of W-reactivation
      (additional UV-irradiation of C600 wild type cells) of lethal lesions, a 95%
      reliable increase in mutagenic effect was observed. Significant enhancement of
      mutagenesis (about 4-fold) was detected when only recipient cells were exposed to
      low doses of UV (the so-called indirect UV mutagenesis). Thus, with regard to W-
      and indirect UV mutagenesis, the plasmid DNA behaves like DNA of temperate phages
      which suggests their evolutionary relationship. Treatment of plasmid DNA with
      acridine orange prior to UV, only protected from lethal lesions. Gamma
      irradiation (60Co) at the dose producing 100-fold inactivation, increased the
      yield of Col- mutants by one order of magnitude. The presence of RSF2124 plasmid
      in a cell does not affect its UV sensitivity.

PMID- 6373496
TI  - Relationships between a hyper-rec mutation (REM1) and other recombination and
      repair genes in yeast.
AB  - Mutations in the REM1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae confer a semidominant
      hyper-recombination and hypermutable phenotype upon mitotic cells ( GOLIN and
      ESPOSITO 1977). These effects have not been observed in meiosis. We have examined
      the interactions of rem1 mutations with rad6-1, rad50 -1, rad52-1 or spo11 -1
      mutations in order to understand the basis of the rem1 hyper-rec phenotype. The
      rad mutations have pleiotropic phenotypes; spo11 is only defective in sporulation
      and meiosis. The RAD6, RAD50 and SPO11 genes are not required for spontaneous
      mitotic recombination; mutations in the RAD52 gene cause a general spontaneous
      mitotic Rec- phenotype. Mutations in RAD50 , RAD52 or SPO11 eliminate meiotic
      recombination, and mutations in RAD6 prevent spore formation. Evidence for the
      involvement of RAD6 in meiotic recombination is less clear. Mutations in all
      three RAD genes confer sensitivity to X rays; the RAD6 gene is also required for
      UV damage repair. To test whether any of these functions might be involved in the
      hyper-rec phenotype conferred by rem1 mutations, double mutants were constructed.
      Double mutants of rem1 spo11 were viable and demonstrated rem1 levels of mitotic
      recombination, suggesting that the normal meiotic recombination system is not
      involved in producing the rem1 phenotype. The rem1 rad6 double mutant was also
      viable and had rem1 levels of mitotic recombination. Neither rem1 rad50 nor rem1
      rad52 double mutants were viable. This suggests that rem1 causes its hyper-rec
      phenotype because it creates lesions in the DNA that are repaired using a
      recombination-repair system involving RAD50 and RAD52.

PMID- 6373499
TI  - The tabby locus (Ta) in the mouse: its site of action in tail and body skin.

PMID- 6373498
TI  - [Effect of the polymerase activity of DNA polymerase I on the development of
      moderate bacteriophages Mu, lambda red- and lambda red-gam-. II. The effect of
      the polymerase activity of DNA polymerase I on the development of bacteriophage
      Mu].
AB  - The paper reports on the influence of polymerizing activity of DNA-polymerase I
      on different developmental stages of temperate bacteriophage Mu in Escherichia
      coli K-12 cells. This activity is shown to be necessary for optimization of phage
      Mu primary integration into cell chromosomes. The relative frequency of Mu
      integration into bacterial chromosomes is 5-6 times lower in polA cells than in
      isogenic polA+ control strains, the phage yield from cells being delayed during
      the phage infectious development, but not in the course of induction from the
      prophage state. Data have been obtained that show the process of phage Mu DNA
      integration into the plasmid pRP1 .2 and the process of Mu transposition from the
      cell chromosome into the plasmid to be independent of the polymerizing activity
      of DNA-polymerase I.

PMID- 6373500
TI  - In memoriam. Ahmad I. Bukhari, 1943-1983.

PMID- 6373501
TI  - Complete nucleotide sequence of the glutamate dehydrogenase gene from Escherichia
      coli K-12.
AB  - A 2.3-kb PstI- ClaI chromosomal DNA segment, carrying the complete coding region
      of the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) structural gene from Escherichia coli K-12,
      has been sequenced. The complete amino acid sequence (447 residues) of the GDH
      monomer has been deduced, and comparisons are made with reported amino acid
      sequences of GDH from other organisms.

PMID- 6373502
TI  - Synthesis of a human insulin gene. VII. Synthesis of preproinsulin-like human
      DNA, its cloning and expression in M13 bacteriophage.
AB  - A 74-bp DNA sequence coding for the pre sequence of human preproinsulin and
      containing EcoRI termini was synthesized by the chemical enzymatic method, joined
      with previously synthesized proinsulin DNA, and cloned in the M 13mp8 vector. A
      clone pNB82 -121 was identified by DNA sequence which confirmed the correct
      orientation of the pre sequence to the proinsulin DNA. The EcoRI site at the
      junction of pre- and proinsulin DNA was eliminated by removing a triplet ATT
      using a synthetic 19-mer primer. To simplify preproinsulin isolation and to study
      its expression in the M 13 system, a 25-bp affinity leader sequence coding for
      (glu)7 was inserted at the remaining EcoRI site; this put the preproinsulin DNA
      in a correct reading frame with the AUG initiation codon of beta-galactosidase.
      Preproinsulin was expressed under lac promoter control as analyzed by a
      radioimmunoassay (RIA) against C-peptide.

PMID- 6373503
TI  - Mutagenesis and mutation transfer induced by ultraviolet light in plasmid-cloned
      DNA.
AB  - We describe here simple techniques for increasing the frequency of UV-induced
      mutations in a DNA fragment cloned in plasmid pBR322. Irradiation of both the
      host and the plasmid DNA before transformation is necessary to produce new
      mutations in the plasmid DNA, presumably because the UV-damaged pBR322 replicon
      cannot efficiently induce the error-prone repair pathway of Escherichia coli. In
      contrast, UV irradiation of the plasmid DNA alone before transformation primarily
      causes the transfer of preexisting mutations from the host chromosome to
      homologous DNA present in the plasmid. The only other kind of mutants obtained
      were large deletions of the plasmid DNA. Two chromosomal mutations from the host
      galK gene and one from the lacZ gene have been transferred to the plasmid by UV
      irradiation of the plasmid DNA alone. The technique can thus be of general use.

PMID- 6373504
TI  - Molecular cloning of the ADE1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and stability of
      the transformants.
AB  - Plasmid YEp ( ADE1 )1a, containing a 2.7-kb Sau3A fragment of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae DNA inserted at the BamHI site of the yeast shuttle vector pBTI -1
      (Morris et al., 1981), results in high frequency, unstable transformation of ade
      1 yeast strains. A second plasmid, YRp ( ADE1 )2, containing adjacent 0.5-kb and
      3.0-kb BamHI fragments in pBR322 gave three types of yeast transformants: (1)
      transformants carrying extrachromosomal copies of the plasmid which indicate the
      presence of a functional ars sequence, (2) transformants indistinguishable from
      ade 1 strains by hybridization analysis, and (3) a transformant carrying a
      multimeric form of YRp ( ADE1 )2. Cells transformed with either of the plasmids
      are free of the red pigment characteristic of ade 1 mutants and indicate
      potential for direct colour-based selection of yeast transformants using ADE1
      plasmids.

PMID- 6373505
TI  - Age-related changes in aldehyde reductase activity of rat brain, liver and heart.
AB  - Aldehyde reductase (AR) activity was measured in the brain, liver and heart of 23
      to 26-month-old and 3-month-old male Wistar rats, using 5 substrates (p
      nitrobenzaldehyde, D-glucuronate, D-xylose, DL-glyceraldehyde and pyridine 3
      aldehyde). A significant increase of AR activity was found in whole brain of old
      rats with p-nitrobenzaldehyde (11%) and D-glucuronate (24%). Results of
      experiments carried out with sodium valproate suggest that the AR activity
      increase in brain of old rats is the high-Km form. A significant increase of AR
      activity was found in cerebellum (26%), brainstem (19%), hypothalamus (13%),
      striatum (11%) and midbrain (6%) of old rats; up to now, the determination of the
      enzyme activity in the different brain regions has been carried out only with p
      nitrobenzaldehyde. A significant increase of AR activity of old rats was also
      found in liver with D-glucuronate (10%), DL-glyceraldehyde (23%) and pyridine 3
      aldehyde (30%), and in heart with p-nitrobenzaldehyde (42%) and DL-glyceraldehyde
      (20%). A significant decrease of AR activity with D-xylose (15%) was found in
      heart of old rats compared to matched animals of 3 months. The present study
      indicates that the regulatory mechanism for AR in brain and peripheral tissues
      like liver and heart are different with increasing age.

PMID- 6373506
TI  - Age and sex differences in immunocompetence.
AB  - The probable role of an immunological component in ageing and senescence has
      attracted the attention of biologists, immunologists and gerontologists. Immune
      competence declines as man and experimental animals grow old. While lymphoid
      organs may be expected to 'age' along with other tissues, the possibility exists
      that lymphoid failure of itself accelerates senescence by predisposing
      individuals to infection and degenerative diseases. There is now enough evidence
      to differentiate effects that are due to age per se from other causes. Also,
      evidence of a greater female than male immunologic responsiveness is ample, but
      hypotheses to explain these observations are only partially adequate. This review
      attempts to summarise our knowledge of the effects of age and sex on
      immunocompetence with the aim of discussing the theories put forward to explain
      our observations.

PMID- 6373507
TI  - Will gerontology change our educational system?

PMID- 6373508
TI  - Training managers of older workers: implications for industrial gerontology.

PMID- 6373509
TI  - Toward a critical gerontology: curriculum design in philosophy and aging.

PMID- 6373510
TI  - Medical school and VA cooperation in gerontology/geriatrics education.

PMID- 6373511
TI  - Canadian and U.S. systems of care for the mentally ill elderly.

PMID- 6373512
TI  - Estimation of empty body water in steers by urea dilution.
AB  - Urea dilution has been proposed as a practical method for estimating body
      composition in live cattle. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the
      urea dilution technique by comparing urea space to direct measurement of empty
      body water in steers and to develop prediction equations for empty body water in
      live steers using urea space parameters. Urea space was determined in 68 mixed
      breed and 50 Angus steers ranging in live weight from 210 to 517 kg by the
      measurement of change in plasma urea nitrogen concentration before and 12 minutes
      after the midpoint of an intravenous infusion of 130 mg urea (20% solution w/v in
      0.9% saline infused over 2 minutes) per kg live weight. Water in ground samples
      from carcass and digesta-free non-carcass fractions was determined by
      lyophilization. Linear relationships for pooled data of both groups of steers
      existed between empty body water and urea space (r = 0.96, P less than 0.001).
      Prediction of empty body water in live steers was improved by including live
      weight as an independent variable in a multiple regression equation (Sy X x = 7.2
      kg for pooled data). Live weight alone predicted empty body water with a standard
      error of the estimate 36% larger than the multiple regression prediction using
      urea space and live weight.

PMID- 6373513
TI  - Significance of plasma fibronectin.
AB  - Fibronectin and fibrinogen are unique proteins, since they both are present in a
      soluble form in plasma and in an insoluble form in connective tissue. The
      insoluble fibronectin is always present in connective tissue, while the presence
      of fibrin is temporary. The two proteins may be associated under various
      conditions. Fibronectin is incorporated into polymerizing fibrin, e.g. in the
      tissue repair process and during thrombus formation. Fibronectin is also
      associated with other biological structures, such as collagen of all types,
      sulphated proteoglycans, blood platelets and the cell walls of Staphylococcus
      aureus. These properties result in a depletion of plasma fibronectin in certain
      clinical situations, such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC),
      traumatic shock and severe burns. The decreased plasma fibronectin concentration
      might result in an increased fibrin polymer concentration in the circulation,
      thus accentuating the microvascular thromboses and the coagulation factor
      consumption in DIC. The practical clinical implication is that a low plasma
      concentration of fibronectin might define a group of patients with a high risk of
      developing DIC.

PMID- 6373514
TI  - Physiological and pathological effects of activated complement.
AB  - In this short review of our present understanding of the complement system the
      emphasis is on a synopsis of the biological aspects of the various complement
      components, their fragments and complexes. For this reason we decided to refer to
      a number of reviews where certain aspects are dealt with extensively.

PMID- 6373515
TI  - [Induction of ovulation and conception following chronic administration of GnRH
      in hypothalamic amenorrhea].

PMID- 6373516
TI  - [Anti-tumor immunity as measured by the tube leucocyte adherence inhibition assay
      (ALI)].

PMID- 6373517
TI  - [Granulomatous appendicitis].

PMID- 6373518
TI  - [Bullous pemphigoid associated with furosemide].

PMID- 6373519
TI  - [Hypersensitivity to insulin].

PMID- 6373521
TI  - [Dr. Israel Sum is no longer with us].

PMID- 6373520
TI  - [The various insulins and their use].

PMID- 6373522
TI  - Picking up the pieces: the unsuccessful kidney transplant.

PMID- 6373523
TI  - Lysis of growing cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae induced by papulacandin B.
AB  - Light and electron microscopy was used to study the effect of papulacandin B on
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the exponential growth phase. At 1-2 micrograms/mL
      cell division in the culture continued almost in parallel with the control, at 4
      micrograms/mL cell proliferation was reduced and the culture contained some cells
      with 2-9 buds which were not separated from the mother cell by a septum, and at
      higher concentrations (8, 16 and 32 micrograms/mL) the proliferation stopped
      within 2 h. Cessation of proliferation was due to lysis of budding cells in the
      bud region including perforation of thinned cell wall (most often at the bud
      basis and sometimes at its apex), extrusion of cytoplasm and death of cell. Lysis
      was also observed in cells without visible buds. Dividing cells died without
      visible lysis.

PMID- 6373524
TI  - The impedance method for monitoring total coliforms in wastewaters. Part I.
      Background and methodology.
AB  - This paper presents a brief review of the history of the use of conductance and
      impedance techniques for monitoring bacterial growth and activity. The paper also
      describes the development of an impedance methodology applicable to the
      estimation of numbers of total coliform bacteria in domestic sewage and other
      wastewaters.

PMID- 6373525
TI  - The impedance method for monitoring total coliforms in wastewaters. Part II.
      Results and evaluation.
AB  - An impedance technique is presented as a method which offers promise as a test
      for estimating the numbers of total coliform bacteria in wastewaters. The
      technique reported here has the advantage of being 3-4 times faster than the
      standard membrane filter method (i.e. 4-7 h, compared with 20-24 h). The
      technique shows the disadvantages of (a) being markedly higher in initial cost of
      instrumentation, (b) being somewhat more expensive in required supplies, and (c)
      giving results which deviate considerably from the values given by the MF method.
      A parallel use of the impedance and MF methods when both speed and accuracy are
      desired may be an appropriate practical compromise.

PMID- 6373526
TI  - Ultrastructure of synaptic junctions in dog cerebral cortex treated by the E-PTA
      method.

PMID- 6373527
TI  - Distribution of capillary bed segments with endothelial alkaline phosphatase and
      dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV activity in skeletal muscles of the rat.

PMID- 6373528
TI  - Mutagenicity of 2-hydroxyalkyl-N-nitrosothiazolidines.
AB  - The mutagenicity of 2-hydroxyalkyl-N- nitrosothiazolidines was tested using
      Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. The N- nitrosothiazolidines tested
      were unsubstituted N- nitrosothiazolidine (NT), N- nitrosothiazolidine -4
      carboxylic acid ( NTC ), 2-hydroxymethyl-N- nitrosothiazolidine ( HMNT ), 2
      (1,2,3,4- tetrahydroxybutyl )-N- nitrosothiazolidine , 2-(1,2,3,4-
      tetrahydroxypentyl )-N- nitrosothiazolidine , 2-(1,2,3,4,5- pentahydroxypentyl )
      N- nitrosothiazolidine ( PHPNT ) and 2-(1,2,3,4,5- pentahydroxypentyl )-N-
      nitrosothiazolidine -4-car boxylic acid. Among the N- nitrosothiazolidines
      tested, only HMNT and PHPNT exhibited clear dose-response mutagenicity toward
      strain TA100 with or without metabolic activation. None of the 2-hydroxyalkyl-N-
      nitrosothiazolidines were mutagenic to strain TA98. NT exhibited much stronger
      mutagenicity than either HMNT or PHPNT . Mutagenic activities of NT and PHPNT
      were eliminated by carboxyl substitution in the position alpha to the N-nitroso
      group.

PMID- 6373529
TI  - Mutagen content of table wines made from various grape species and hybrid
      cultivars.
AB  - The mutagen content of wines produced from the European Vitis vinifera grapes was
      compared with that of wines produced from hybrids of V. vinifera and species
      indigenous to North America. Mutagens were extracted on an XAD-2 Amberlite resin
      column and activated with S-9 and/or faecalase in the Salmonella/microsomal
      mutagen assay. All white wines had insignificant mutagen levels. The only red
      wine to produce statistically significant reversion frequencies was that made
      from the Concord grape. The mutagens were shown to be extracted from the grape
      skins during fermentation.

PMID- 6373530
TI  - Ames mutagenicity tests on purified 3-nitropropionic acid.
AB  - 3- Nitropropionic acid is a toxic compound produced by several moulds involved in
      food fermentation or spoilage. An impure commercial sample of this compound was
      previously reported as being mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535
      and TA100. In the present study, a sample from the same lot of 3- nitropropionic
      acid was mutagenic in strain TA100 without metabolic activation, but this
      activity was diminished after recrystallization. This sample was not mutagenic in
      strain TA98, before or after recrystallization. A new, purer commercial sample
      was non-mutagenic in strains TA98, TA100 and TA1538, with or without metabolic
      activation. Therefore the mutagenicity reported to be due to 3- nitropropionic
      acid was considered to be due to the impurity(ies).

PMID- 6373531
TI  - Ames mutagenicity tests of repeatedly heated edible oils.
AB  - Six cooking oils with different levels of unsaturation were each heated at 180 +/
      3 degrees C for 6 hr on each of four consecutive days and cut potatoes were
      fried in the oils at hourly intervals. Samples of the heated and unheated oils
      were tested in the Ames mutagenicity assay. None of the oil samples (taken before
      or after 24 hr heating) showed any mutagenicity in the Ames test with or without
      metabolic activation.

PMID- 6373532
TI  - A complication of Silastic hemiarthroplasty in bunion surgery.
AB  - Seven cases of painful reactive synovitis following great toe Silastic
      hemiarthroplasty have been observed. All cases were treated successfully with
      synovectomy and removal of the implant. Microscopic examination of the synovium
      uniformly demonstrated a chronic foreign-body giant-cell reaction with
      intracellular and extracellular silicone elastomer particles. Gross examination
      of the implants showed varying degrees of erosion of the articulating surface.
      Abrasion of a Silastic implant creates free-floating silicone elastomer particles
      that can precipitate a reactive synovitis. The authors believe an irregular,
      degenerated first metatarsal head is a contraindication to an interpositional
      Silastic hemiarthroplasty.

PMID- 6373534
TI  - [Living conditions in North Rhine Westphalia following World War II. 1. The
      situation].

PMID- 6373533
TI  - A new peptidase isozyme which may assist in the identification of vaginal debris.
AB  - A characteristic peptidase has been identified in vaginal swab extracts. This
      enzyme, which has been termed vaginal peptidase, can be identified by its high
      anodal electrophoretic mobility in starch gel at pH 7.4 and its ability to
      hydrolyse the dipeptide substrate L-valyl-L-leucine. Vaginal peptidase was not
      detected in any of the body fluids or excretions commonly encountered in forensic
      stain analysis, other than vaginal debris. The use of this enzyme as a
      biochemical marker for the identification of vaginal debris in dried stains is
      discussed.

PMID- 6373535
TI  - [Living conditions in North Rhine Westphalia following World War II. II. The
      reaction].

PMID- 6373536
TI  - [Parameters affecting the results of kidney transplantation. Critical analysis of
      the literature].
AB  - On the basis of a critical analysis of 227 studies reported in the literature it
      was examined to which extend the results of renal transplantation depend on the
      age of the recipient, the length of preoperative dialysis treatment, HBs
      antigenemia, former pregnancies, preoperative blood transfusions, tissue
      compatibility and donor age. A negative influence of the recipient's age on the
      results was found, but nevertheless older patients can be also transplanted. HBs
      antigenemia is not a contraindication for transplantation either. Preoperative
      blood transfusion can improve the graft survival, but the value of intraoperative
      transfusions is not quite clear. The same applies to donor age, former
      pregnancies and tissue compatibility.

PMID- 6373537
TI  - [Self-description of a depressive patient--on William Cowper's pathobiography].
AB  - The life of an English poet of the eighteenth century who suffered from periodic
      depression, i.e. phasic depressive illness, is described. The study is based on a
      short autobiography and mainly on more than 400 dated letters addressed to a
      small number of relatives and friends. These sources allow the diagnostic
      evaluation, the description of the symptomatology and its change during the
      course of his illness. In their personal style these letters express the
      suffering during melancholy and the mastering of these experiences after
      recovery, within the framework of his religious convictions. The possibilities of
      care and treatment of a depressive patient at that time are also considered.

PMID- 6373538
TI  - [Kinetics of serum soluble HLA-A, B and DR antigens on human renal allografts].

PMID- 6373539
TI  - Investor-owned and not-for-profit hospitals: beyond the cost and revenue debate.

PMID- 6373540
TI  - A new proposal to reform the tax treatment of health insurance.

PMID- 6373541
TI  - Hepatic proteoglycans--a brief survey of their pathobiochemical implications.

PMID- 6373542
TI  - Insulin effects on collagen and protein production in cultured human skin
      fibroblasts from diabetic and non-diabetic subjects.
AB  - The influence of insulin on collagen and total protein production was studied in
      cultured human skin fibroblasts from patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent)
      diabetes and Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes, and from non-diabetic
      subjects. Fibroblast cultures were exposed to various concentrations of insulin
      (0-10(5) mU/l) for 48 hours in serum-free medium containing tritium labelled
      proline. With medium glucose at 5.6 mmol/l, cells from diabetic subjects
      displayed an increase in collagen and protein radio-activities in the
      extracellular medium in the presence of insulin at 10(2) or 10(3) mU/l.
      Concentrations above 10(3) mU/l did not stimulate further. In cells from non
      diabetic subjects, stimulated incorporation was evident only at insulin 10(3)
      mU/l. In the presence of high glucose concentration (38.9 mmol/l) in the medium,
      the lowest insulin level (10(2) mU/l) did not influence collagen production in
      any cell type, and the effects of insulin on total protein radioactivity was
      reduced in all cells. The enhancement by insulin of collagen secretion, and the
      higher sensitivity of cells from diabetics to this insulin action, is of interest
      in relation to the possible role of insulin in the accelerated atherosclerosis
      observed in diabetics.

PMID- 6373543
TI  - Muscle atrophy by limb immobilization is not caused by insulin resistance.
AB  - Hindlimbs of adult female rats were immobilized for 1 day. The hindquarter was
      then perfused either without or with 200 microunits of insulin/ml perfusate. The
      percentage increase in muscle protein synthesis rates by the inclusion of insulin
      in the perfusate was similar between control and hindlimb immobilized groups.
      Thus, the previously reported inability of insulin to stimulate any increase in
      glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle after 1 day of immobilization ( Seider ,
      Nicholson and Booth 1982) does not also extend to an inability of insulin to
      stimulate an increase in protein synthesis in muscles of immobilized limbs.

PMID- 6373544
TI  - Hepatic insulin binding following in utero exposure to ethanol.
AB  - Insulin binding to liver membranes has been studied in term fetuses of rats fed
      ethanol-containing liquid diet during pregnancy . Pair-fed and ad libitum-fed
      controls received liquid diet in which maltose-dextrins were substituted
      isocalorically for ethanol. Food consumption and body weigh gain of ethanol-
      imbibing dams were 35% and 70% less than their ad libitum counterparts
      respectively. Ethanol-fed rats also exhibited less gain in body weight than pair
      fed controls despite isocalorically equivalent food intake. The number of live
      pups was not different among the various groups; however, liver weight of fetuses
      exposed to ethanol in utero was 47% less than those of the pups of ad libitum
      control dams and 28% less than those of the offspring of pair-fed control rats.
      Insulin binding to liver membranes of fetuses exposed to ethanol in utero was
      lower than that of ad libitum controls but was not significantly different from
      that of the pair-fed control animals. Average affinity profiles showed a
      reduction in K at all levels of receptor occupancy in the fetuses of ethanol-fed
      rats. For fetuses of the pair-fed group, K was reduced only at fractional
      occupancy below 20% but not at higher fractional occupancy. Because of the
      similarity of insulin binding in the fetuses of the ethanol-fed rats and their
      pair-fed counterparts, effects of ethanol on insulin binding cannot account for
      the reduced hepatic glycogen stores previously reported in term fetuses.

PMID- 6373545
TI  - Effects of an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose, on blood glucose and serum
      lipids in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AB  - Effects of either a single dose or a long-term administration of an alpha
      glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose, on blood glucose, cholesterol concentrations in
      serum lipoprotein fractions, triglycerides and free fatty acids were examined in
      streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In experiment 1, starch loading tests were
      performed with or without adding acarbose. The addition of acarbose (0.75 mg per
      kg of body weight or over) significantly reduced the elevation of blood glucose
      levels. In experiment 2, the animals were divided into three groups: Group A fed
      on a control diet, Group B fed on a diet containing 5 mg acarbose in 100 g of
      diet and Group C fed on a diet containing 20 mg acarbose in 100 g of diet. The
      food intake in Group C was significantly reduced by 22% as compared to Group A,
      while the food intake in Group B showed no change. The high dose of acarbose
      showed a tendency to lower fasting blood glucose levels, but the difference was
      statistically insignificant. However, postprandial glucose levels in Group C at
      each period examined and in Group B at 30 days were significantly lower than the
      counterparts in Group A. Acarbose caused a dose-dependent decrease in serum total
      cholesterol levels and HDL-cholesterol: total cholesterol ratios were elevated in
      Group B and C. Serum triglyceride levels in Group B and C were extremely lower
      than those in Group A on and after 20 days. These results indicate that the
      addition of acarbose to the diet induces a decrease in postprandial blood glucose
      levels and simultaneously causes an improvement in lipid metabolism of
      streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

PMID- 6373546
TI  - The effect of sulphonylurea therapy on in vivo insulin sensitivity in non-insulin
      dependent diabetics.

PMID- 6373547
TI  - A randomized controlled study of propranolol for prevention of recurrent
      gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis: a final report.
AB  - We have previously reported the results of a controlled trial showing that
      continuous oral administration of propranolol reduced the risk of recurrent
      gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis; only part of our patients
      had been followed for 1 year. This controlled trial was continued for an
      additional year; accordingly, all of our patients have now been followed for at
      least 2 years. The purpose of the present study is to determine whether prolonged
      administration enhances the efficacy of this therapy. Seventy-four patients with
      cirrhosis, admitted for an episode of gastrointestinal bleeding, were included in
      this study; ascites, jaundice and encephalopathy were absent or mild and
      transient. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups; one group of 38
      patients received propranolol twice daily at doses that reduced the resting heart
      rate by 25%, the other group of 36 patients received a placebo twice daily. The
      cumulative percentages of patients free of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding 1
      and 2 years after inclusion were 87 and 79% in the propranolol group, and 42 and
      32% in the placebo group; both differences were highly significant (p less than
      0.0001). Furthermore, the cumulative percentages of surviving patients 1 and 2
      years after inclusion were 94 and 90% in the propranolol group, and 84 and 57% in
      the placebo group; the difference between the two groups was not significant at 1
      year, but was statistically significant at 2 years (p less than 0.02).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6373548
TI  - Experimental studies of blood brain barrier permeability in acute hepatic
      failure.
AB  - Permeability of the blood brain barrier in relation to the development of hepatic
      encephalopathy was investigated in two animal models of acute hepatic failure, in
      one of which there was the potential for recovery (D-galactosamine-induced
      hepatitis). In both this and the hepatic devascularization model, there was an
      approximate 3-fold increase in the passive permeability of the blood brain
      barrier to inulin and sucrose. Transport of amino acids was also significantly
      affected, with approximate 30% increases in the brain uptake of phenylalanine,
      tyrosine and arginine and a 65% increase in uptake of leucine. These changes are
      attributed to the action of circulating toxic substances, some of which increase
      blood brain barrier permeability in normal animals.

PMID- 6373549
TI  - Long-term co-cultures of adult human hepatocytes with rat liver epithelial cells:
      modulation of albumin secretion and accumulation of extracellular material.
AB  - High yields of viable human hepatocytes were obtained by enzymatic perfusion of
      the left hepatic lobe of kidney donors and cultured alone or with an epithelial
      cell line derived from rat liver. In conventional cultures, human hepatocytes did
      not survive more than 2 to 3 weeks and by Day 8 decreased their ability to
      secrete albumin. When co-cultured, they survived for more than 2 months and
      secreted high levels of albumin even in a serum-free medium. This long-term
      survival appeared to correlate with production of an extracellular material which
      is rich in Type III collagen. In vitro phenotypic alterations of parenchymal
      cells were reversed by addition of rat liver cells and were characterized by
      recovery of cuboidal morphology, increased albumin secretion and a shift from
      Type I to Type III collagen deposition. Rat liver epithelial cells could not be
      replaced by nonhepatic epithelial cells. These observations suggest that when
      adult human hepatocytes are maintained in a culture which closely resembles their
      in vivo environment, they are capable of continuing to actively express specific
      cell functions.

PMID- 6373550
TI  - Purified rat liver fat-storing cells in culture divide and contain collagen.
AB  - Primary cultures and cell lines were established from suspensions of purified fat
      storing cells isolated from the rat liver. When seeded at a suitable density, fat
      storing cells in primary culture reached confluency in 3 to 4 days and could be
      transferred and established as cell lines for at least two passages. The typical
      morphological characteristics of fat-storing cells in vivo were retained in the
      cells during primary culture. Vitamin A fluorescence was still associated with
      lipid droplets of cells in culture up to and including the second passage.
      Investigation of the cytoskeletal structure by indirect immunofluorescence showed
      the presence of vimentin, actin and tubulin in the cells; no alpha-prekeratin was
      present. The presence of vimentin suggested a fibroblastic or possible myogenic
      origin for fat-storing cells. The presence of connective tissue components in fat
      storing cells in culture was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence.
      Collagen Types I and IV and laminin were present intracellularly in small
      granules in fat-storing cells in primary culture and in the first passage. Cells
      in the fourth passage contained only collagen Type 1. Fibronectin was only
      aligned extracellularly along the cell membrane, which did not exclude an
      extracellular source. Rat liver fat-storing cells in culture show a high
      proliferating capacity. Cell multiplication during prolonged culture was
      associated with phenotypic transition to a more fibroblastic appearance and
      gradual disappearance of vitamin A. These results indicate that fat-storing cells
      may be among the cell types involved in pathological changes observed during
      development of liver fibrosis.

PMID- 6373551
TI  - Phthalate esters and their effect on the liver.
AB  - The advantageous properties of polyvinyl chloride plastics make these materials
      indispensable at all levels of human life, and there is no reason to believe that
      the upward trend of their use will change. One third of most polyvinyl chloride
      plastics consists of plasticizers, mostly phthalate esters, which may migrate out
      contaminating our environment and consequently our bodies. Experimental results
      indicate that chronic exposure to phthalic esters may be responsible for a number
      of adverse health effects. Phthalates change the structure and function of the
      liver in a profound manner by inducing peroxisomes, mitochondria and enzymes
      which participate in fatty acid transport and beta-oxidation. Prolonged
      administration of phthalate esters, in doses comparable to those occurring in
      human exposures, seems to have an accumulative effect on the liver. Liver
      biopsies taken from dialysis patients show peroxisome proliferation which again
      warn of the possibility that human health may be influenced by plasticizers.

PMID- 6373552
TI  - Culturing hepatocytes and other differentiated cells.

PMID- 6373553
TI  - Active-site titration of horse urinary kallikrein.
AB  - Horse urinary kallikrein was titrated with the reagent 4-nitrophenyl 4-guanidino
      benzoate. The titration was shown to be dependent upon the concentration of the
      titrant. This finding, which distinguishes horse urinary kallikrein from other
      enzymes, is explained by the relatively small ratio between its rate of acylation
      and deacylation (k2/k3 = 16.8) and by a low affinity of the reagent (Km = 1.16
      microM). By an appropriate kinetic treatment, it was possible to establish the
      relationship between the hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl 4-guanidinobenzoate and the
      actual concentration of the active enzyme.

PMID- 6373554
TI  - New protein inhibitors of cysteine proteinases in human saliva and salivary
      glands.
AB  - New protein inhibitors of cysteine proteinases were found in human saliva and
      salivary glands. The inhibitory potency present in saliva against ficin is about
      30% of that in serum: 1 ml of saliva gives 100% inhibition of 1 nmol of ficin.
      The same amount of saliva causes no inhibition of 1 nmol of trypsin. The salivary
      inhibitors occur as multiple forms with different isoelectric points (pI of 4.5
      4.7, 5.8, 6.8, 7.8 and 8.2) and different molecular masses of approximately 16,
      11, 10, 9.5 and 9 kDa. The inhibitor forms having molecular masses of less than
      11 kDa have not yet been described by other authors. The salivary inhibitors have
      a high thermal stability and a high stability both in alkaline and acidic
      solutions.

PMID- 6373555
TI  - An immunohistological study of benign and malignant skin tumours: epithelial
      aspects.
AB  - Biopsies of normal skin and benign and malignant skin tumours were studied
      immunohistologically with nine monoclonal antibodies. The study showed that
      monoclonal antibodies can clearly delineate antigens expressed in different
      regions of normal skin and that, in general, tumours retain the antigenic pattern
      characteristic of the region from which they have arisen. These findings indicate
      the potential value of analysing these patterns of antigenic expression with a
      panel of monoclonal antibodies both for understanding the pathogenesis of skin
      tumours (e.g. basal cell carcinomas) and in their differential diagnosis (e.g.
      squamous cell carcinoma versus keratoacanthoma).

PMID- 6373556
TI  - The site of renin in the human uterus.
AB  - Renin has been known to be present in the human uterus for many years. The study
      reported in this paper deals with the identification of the site of renin in the
      human uterus by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique, using anti-human renin.
      Cells containing renin granules have been demonstrated only in patients
      complaining of menorrhagia. The cells occur singly and in clusters in the
      interarteriolar connective tissue within myometrium adjacent to the endometrium.
      The cells bear a striking resemblance to those of the juxta-glomerular apparatus
      of the kidney.

PMID- 6373557
TI  - The impact of third-party payment cutbacks on the private practice of psychiatry:
      three surveys.
AB  - Recent cutbacks in private insurance benefits and publicly funded health programs
      are threatening the access of Americans, particularly the poor and the disabled,
      to private psychiatric care. The authors present the findings of three surveys
      that assessed the impact of threatened or actual cuts in third-party payments on
      the treatment provided by private practitioners. One survey indicated that,
      contrary to popular opinion, more than half of the psychiatrists in Northern
      California see severely disturbed Medicaid patients and that they provide
      outpatient psychiatric services to them for less cost than would public clinics.
      Two surveys conducted in the Washington, D.C., area indicated that both patients
      and psychiatrists have suffered from insurance cutbacks, with fewer patients
      being able to afford intensive private treatment and psychiatrists using reduced
      fees and less optimal treatment modalities. The fiscal and ethical dilemma posed
      by the cutbacks and further research needs are also explored.

PMID- 6373558
TI  - Selection of analytic methods for therapeutic drug monitoring.
AB  - Selection of an analytic method for therapeutic drug monitoring usually involves
      an initial choice between chromatography and immunoassay. Once this decision has
      been made, numerous options remain within these two broad categories. There is no
      single correct or preferred assay technique. The best decision, based on
      technical, clinical, and economic considerations, will vary in different clinical
      and laboratory environments. The laboratory that has sufficient resources to
      maintain more than one type of technology will have a greater degree of
      flexibility in solving special problems.

PMID- 6373559
TI  - Primary malignant lymphoma of the lung: histopathologic and immunologic
      evaluation of nine cases.
AB  - Nine primary malignant lymphomas of the lung are described. Seven were localized
      lesions, and two were diffuse bilateral infiltrations. Histopathologic
      examination of these lesions suggests that they represent examples of the same
      entity and that it is a malignant lymphoma rather than a reactive infiltration or
      "pseudolymphoma." Histologic evidence of lymph node involvement is unusual, even
      in the presence of mediastinal or pleural infiltration. Immunohistochemical
      studies demonstrated a monotypic B-cell population in cases in which suitable
      tumor tissue was available for study (four of nine). Of the other five cases, two
      had a population of monotypic B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, and in one
      of these and in one additional case gastric lymphomas subsequently developed. It
      is suggested that these lymphomas arise from bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue,
      which would explain both their histologic features and their tendency to remain
      localized to the lung for long periods.

PMID- 6373560
TI  - Human tails and pseudotails.
AB  - A case of a tail in a 2-week-old infant is reported, and findings from a review
      of 33 previously reported cases of true tails and pseudotails are summarized. The
      true, or persistent, vestigial tail of humans arises from the most distal remnant
      of the embryonic tail. It contains adipose and connective tissue, central bundles
      of striated muscle, blood vessels, and nerves and is covered by skin. Bone,
      cartilage, notochord, and spinal cord are lacking. The true tail arises by
      retention of structures found normally in fetal development. It may be as long as
      13 cm, can move and contract, and occurs twice as often in males as in females. A
      true tail is easily removed surgically, without residual effects. It is rarely
      familial. Pseudotails are varied lesions having in common a lumbosacral
      protrusion and a superficial resemblance to persistent vestigial tails. The most
      frequent cause of a pseudotail in a series of ten cases obtained from the
      literature was an anomalous prolongation of the coccygeal vertebrae. Additional
      lesions included two lipomas, and one each of teratoma, chondromegaly , glioma,
      and a thin, elongated parasitic fetus.

PMID- 6373561
TI  - Identification of fungal casts in a patient with renal candidiasis.
AB  - Since the treatment of fungal infections with amphotericin B may result in
      significant nephrotoxicity, better methods for discriminating between life
      threatening and more benign fungal infections are needed. Recently numerous
      fungal casts were identified in the urine of a patient who had undergone renal
      allograft transplantation. The recognition of fungal casts permitted an
      unequivocal diagnosis of systemic fungal infection. Successive examinations of
      the patient's urinary sediment provided an excellent monitor of the response to
      treatment. The cytologic features of fungal casts are described. Since systemic
      fungal infections often involve the kidney, screening for fungal casts may have
      significant clinical applicability.

PMID- 6373562
TI  - Hepatitis B virus and myocarditis.
AB  - Myocarditis may be a serious extrahepatic complication of hepatitis. In this
      fatal case of serologically documented hepatitis B viral hepatitis, acute
      myocarditis was present, with histologic features consistent with a viral
      pathogenesis. Hepatitis B surface antigen was demonstrated by immunoperoxidase
      methods in small intramyocardial vessels, suggesting that hepatitis B virus
      infected the heart. The resulting inflammatory heart disease may have been caused
      either directly, by virus infecting the myocardium, or indirectly, by an immune
      mediated mechanism.

PMID- 6373563
TI  - Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy associated with large-muscle arteritis.
AB  - This is the reported case of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy associated with
      large-muscle arteritis. Additional features included severe thrombocytopenia, IgG
      lambda paraproteinemia, and terminal staphylococcal and candidal infections.

PMID- 6373564
TI  - Distinctive immunofluorescent labeling of epithelial and mesenchymal elements of
      carcinosarcoma with antibodies specific for different intermediate filaments.
AB  - A carcinosarcoma of the lung, as well as the paratracheal lymph nodes from the
      same patient, were subjected to immunofluorescent labeling with antibodies to
      tissue-specific intermediate-filament subunits, including desmin, vimentin, and
      prekeratin. Within the tumor mass two distinct populations of malignant cells
      were found: prekeratin-positive cells, corresponding to the carcinomatous
      component of the tumor, and vimentin-positive cells, corresponding to the
      sarcomatous elements. Tumor cells were also detected in lymph node metastases in
      which only the prekeratin-containing carcinoma cells were found. In view of the
      strict specificity of antivimentin and anti-prekeratin for cells of mesenchymal
      or epithelial origin, respectively, it is proposed that the two components of the
      carcinosarcoma are derived from distinct cell types and are not morphologic
      variants of the same tumor.

PMID- 6373565
TI  - Neuron-specific enolase in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma and other small, round
      cell tumors in children.
AB  - Immunocytochemical staining for neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was performed in 44
      round-cell tumors from children by the improved immunoglobulin-enzyme bridge
      method with antiserum against NSE. The tumors studied consisted of 15
      neuroblastomas showing various degrees of histologic differentiation, 13 Ewing's
      sarcomas, ten soft tissue sarcomas of diverse origin, and six lymphomas of bone
      and soft tissues. Neuron-specific enolase was detected in all neuroblastomas,
      irrespective of the degree of histologic differentiation. None of the other round
      cell tumors was positive for NSE, except one embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma that
      contained differentiated myoblasts. The primitive cells of this tumor were
      negative as well. It is concluded that immunocytochemical staining with
      antibodies to NSE is a practical and reliable method for distinguishing
      neuroblastomas from other nonneural round-cell tumors in children. This is true
      even for the most primitive forms of neuroblastomas, in which morphologic
      techniques are less reliable. Neuron-specific enolase may also be useful in
      delineating the neural histogenesis of other ill-defined tumors.

PMID- 6373567
TI  - Polynuclear aromatic compounds. General remarks on the substances considered.

PMID- 6373568
TI  - A survey of computer simulations of hyperthermia treatments.

PMID- 6373569
TI  - A review of magnetic induction methods for hyperthermia treatment of cancer.

PMID- 6373570
TI  - At least as well cared for ... Linda Richards and the mentally ill.

PMID- 6373571
TI  - Another look at utilization of nursing research.

PMID- 6373566
TI  - Chromosome 15 anomalies and the Prader-Willi syndrome: cytogenetic analysis.
AB  - The behaviour of chromosome 15 is very different from that of the other
      acrocentric chromosomes. The cytogenetic characteristics of rearrangements
      associated with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) are analyzed as similar
      rearrangements irrespective of the associated phenotype (reciprocal
      translocations of chromosome 15, small bisatellited additional chromosomes,
      Robertsonian translocations, interstitial deletions, pericentric inversions).
      This study suggests that: (1) The proximal ( 15q ) region and PWS seem to be
      indissociable ; (2) chromosome 15 has an indisputable cytogenetic originality
      which could be related to its histochemical properties. Chromosome 15
      constitutive heterochromatin usually contains much 5-methylcytosine-rich DNA and
      a large amount of each of the four satellite DNAs. Furthermore the existence in
      the proximal ( 15q ) region of one or several palindromic sequences could be
      postulated to explain the great lability of this region of chromosome 15.

PMID- 6373573
TI  - Immunohistological studies in endomyocardial fibrosis.

PMID- 6373574
TI  - Solubilization, binding & degrading properties of human erythrocyte membrane
      insulin receptors.

PMID- 6373572
TI  - Regulation of the synthesis of mucin glycoproteins in swine trachea explants.
AB  - Swine tracheal epithelium has been cultured as explants in a chemically defined
      medium for periods of up to 2 wk. The viability of the explants was shown by the
      preservation of the ultrastructural features of cells in the epithelial layer and
      by the active incorporation of radioactive glucosamine and sulfate into secreted
      mucin glycoproteins. The rate of secretion of mucin glycoprotein was about 0.035
      mg per cm2 per d. After initial 24 h lag period was shown to be due to the
      equilibration of intracellular mucin glycoprotein pools with radioactive
      precursors. The rate of secretion of glycoprotein showed a linear dependence on
      the area of the explant, and maximal incorporation was observed at 200 microM
      glucosamine. A higher concentration of 35SO4, 1000 microM, was required for
      maximal incorporation of the precursor. Insulin at 0.1 to 1 microgram/ml
      increased the rate of secretion twofold, whereas 0.1 to 100 micrograms/ml of
      hydrocortisone and 0.1 to 100 micrograms/ml of epinephrine significantly
      decreased the rate of secretion. Vitamin A had little or no effect of normal
      trachea explants at low concentrations, and, at higher concentrations, 10(-5) M,
      it decreased the secretion of mucin glycoproteins. Vitamin A, at a concentration
      of 10(-9) M, increased the rate of synthesis of glycoprotein at least fourfold in
      trachea explants from vitamin A-deficient rats. Mucus secretions collected from
      the surface of swine trachea and from the culture medium of trachea explants were
      purified. The mucus was solubilized by reduction and carboxymethylation, and the
      high molecular weight mucin glycoproteins were purified by chromatography on
      Sepharose CL-6B columns under dissociating conditions in 2 M guanidine HCl. The
      mucin glycoproteins purified from swine trachea and from the culture medium of
      trachea explants were virtually indistinguishable. They showed the same
      properties when examined by gel electrophoresis and immunoprecipitation. The
      purified glycoproteins contained about 25% protein, and serine, threonine, and
      proline were the principal amino acids present. More than 80% of the carbohydride
      chains in both samples were released by treatment with alkaline borohydride.
      Nearly the same molar ratio of N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine,
      galactose, fucose, sulfate, and sialic acid was found in both preparations.

PMID- 6373575
TI  - [Immunohistologic determination of a tumor marker (CEA) in diseases of the
      gastrointestinal tract].
AB  - CEA levels in serum are not reliable markers of tumors. In this paper a method
      for determination of this antigen for tissue sections is given. Histology,
      immunohistology and serum levels of CEA were compared. Tissue sections were
      obtained by surgical and endoscopic techniques. In several cases there was a
      discrepancy between serological and morphological results. Based on recent
      investigations elevated CEA levels might be only useful in reflecting a relapse
      of carcinoma of the colon. Immunohistological determinations were done by IFT and
      PAP-method. The results of both assay systems were comparable. CEA could be also
      detected in benign neoplasiogenic tissue, i.e. in tubular type of adenomatose
      polyps and in ulcerative colitis. Both diseases are known to become malignant at
      an high degree. By contrast no CEA could be detected in hyperplasiogenic polyps.
      Detection of CEA in malignant tissue might be useful for final classification of
      tumors. Occurrence of CEA in non malignant tissue should give rise to control in
      short regular intervals. Prospective studies might show the reliability of the
      CEA-bearing cells of non malignant tissue.

PMID- 6373576
TI  - [Pharmacological aspects of immunostimulation].
AB  - Immunostimulants are chemical substances capable of increasing the overall
      activity of a normal immune system as well as normalizing the function of an
      impaired immune system (immune restauration ). This review is concerned with
      substances of microbial or chemical origin and excludes the so-called
      physiological inductors or regulators, e.g. thymic factors, interferon etc.
      During the last decade considerable progress has been achieved with respect to
      the isolation of effective compounds and the elucidation of their chemical
      structure. However, the knowledge of their mechanism of action and their effects
      in the living organism is still poor because of the complexity of the immune
      system, lack of appropriate standardization methods, lack of internationally
      agreed test conditions or diseases in intact animals or conditions for controlled
      clinical trials in man.

PMID- 6373577
TI  - Detection of precipitating and complement consuming antibodies by enzyme linked
      immune sorbent assay in pigeon breeders' disease.
AB  - The sera of patients with pigeon breeders' disease usually contain both
      precipitating and complement-fixing antibodies to antigens in pigeon droppings or
      pigeon serum. These antibodies are not equivalent. Both types of antibody could
      be detected by means of an ELISA technique, using either pigeon serum or pigeon
      dropping antigens in the solid phase. The good correlation between the ELISA
      results and the complement consumption assay indicates that the ELISA technique
      may represent a one-step assay for assessing both precipitating and complement
      consuming IgG-class antibodies, thereby identifying both symptomatic patients and
      breeders potentially at risk. IgM antibodies appeared to be of minor significance
      in the serology of pigeon breeders' disease.

PMID- 6373578
TI  - Detection of antibodies to thymic tissue in human serum.
AB  - Antibodies specific to thymic tissue were detected in normal human serum by means
      of an indirect immunofluorescent technique. Approximately 50-88% of the total
      sera (33) showed positive staining, which was confined to the medullary zone
      primarily associated with the surface membranes of epithelial cells including
      Hassall's corpuscles. These observations point to the recognition by the immune
      self of antigen(s) of the thymic epithelium in health, and presumably in disease.

PMID- 6373579
TI  - An anti-lymphocyte monoclonal antibody (HB8) which cross reacts with human dermal
      elastic fibers.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody (MoAb) was selected during a fusion aimed at the
      preparation of antibodies specific for human T lymphocytes. This antibody reacted
      against all lymphocytes, but was not specific for the lymphoid lineage because it
      also detected monocytes, granulocytes and platelets. On skin sections it was
      found to stain specifically the microfibrillar component of the elastic fibers.
      This observation illustrates the unexpected specificities often found when making
      MoAb and, although its significance is still unexplained, provides a unique tool
      having potential application for anatomy, histopathology, comparative biology and
      vascular pathology.

PMID- 6373580
TI  - Cytokine effects on a B-cell line.
AB  - The murine pre-B-like cell line, 70Z /3, has been shown to undergo
      differentiation in response to supernatants derived from concanavalin-A (Con A)
      stimulated rat spleen cells or ultraviolet light treated P388D1 macrophage cell
      line. After culture for 24 h with supernatant factors, normally membrane IgM
      negative 70Z /3 cells are induced to synthesize light chain and become high level
      membrane IgM expressors . The cytokine (s) responsible for inducing 70Z /3 cells
      to differentiate is different from interleukin-2 (IL-2), B-cell growth factor
      (BCGF), colony-stimulating factor (CSF) I and II, but one of the cytokines is
      either very similar or identical to interleukin-1 (IL-1). These results
      demonstrate that IL-1 or a molecule with very similar physical properties can act
      directly on a B-cell line and thus probably also on normal B cells to influence
      differentiation.

PMID- 6373581
TI  - Studies on a membrane bound protease from Bacillus pumilus & Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6373582
TI  - Deoxyribonuclease & heat stable nuclease tests for identification of
      Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 6373583
TI  - Transfer of antimicrobial resistance in Serratia marcescens.

PMID- 6373584
TI  - Comparison of enterotoxin production by Salmonella enteritidis in laboratory
      media, milk & meat.

PMID- 6373585
TI  - Relative efficacy of Wuchereria bancrofti microfilarial & infective larval
      antigens in the detection of filarial antibodies.

PMID- 6373586
TI  - Hemodynamic and endocrine changes associated with potassium supplementation in
      sodium-loaded hypertensives.
AB  - To clarify the mechanism by which potassium (KCl) protects against the blood
      pressure rising action of sodium (NaCl), we studied the effects of KCl loading in
      patients with idiopathic hypertension who, after a period of NaCl restriction,
      partook of a high NaCl diet. Eleven patients who had taken the KCl supplement (96
      mEq/day) during the high NaCl period showed lesser mean blood pressure (MAP) rise
      with changes in NaCl intake from 25 to 250 mEq/day than 12 patients who had not
      taken the KCl supplement (p less than 0.001). With a high NaCl diet, the KCl
      supplemented patients retained less NaCl, gained less weight, and showed a lesser
      increase in plasma volume and cardiac output than the non-KCl-supplemented ones.
      Overall, the increase in blood pressure levels during the high Na diet correlated
      directly either with changes in plasma volume (p less than 0.05) or with changes
      in cardiac output (p less than 0.01). The results suggest that KCl may prevent a
      rise in blood pressure with NaCl loads in hypertensive patients by attenuating
      the increase in cardiac output, mainly as a result of the natriuresis.
      Furthermore, plasma norepinephrine was measured to estimate the sympathetic
      activity, since the sympathetic nervous system is known to control urinary NaCl
      excretion. From the low NaCl diet to Day 3 of the high NaCl diet, plasma
      norepinephrine was significantly (p less than 0.01) decreased in the KCl
      supplemented patients, whereas it remained unchanged in the non-KCl-supplemented
      ones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6373587
TI  - Dexamethasone hypertension in rats: role of prostaglandins and pressor
      sensitivity to norepinephrine.
AB  - Glucocorticoid hypertension was induced by oral administration of dexamethasone
      (DX) in male Wistar rats. The mechanism of hypertension was studied by observing
      the changes in plasma renin activity, urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2
      (PGE2), and the pressor response to norepinephrine. Following administration of
      DX (0.1 mg/day), the blood pressure began to rise within 3 days and reached a
      plateau on the 5th day (from 108 +/- 2 to 162 +/- 7 mm Hg, mean +/- SE). On the
      other hand, urine volume and urinary excretion of sodium were increased. In spite
      of the marked natriuresis and diuresis, the administration of DX resulted in a
      marked decrease in the urinary excretion of PGE2. This decrease in PGE2 excretion
      appeared before the blood pressure rose and continued throughout the experiment.
      Plasma renin activity did not change. The pressor response to norepinephrine was
      enhanced on the 2nd day of DX treatment, at which time the blood pressure was not
      yet elevated, and it was further augumented on the 6th day. In the DX-treated
      rats, the pressor response to norepinephrine was not enhanced by administration
      of indomethacin, whereas the pressor response was significantly potentiated by
      indomethacin in control rats. These results suggest that DX-induced hypertension
      in rats is associated with inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis leading to
      increased sensitivity in the vascular response to norepinephrine.

PMID- 6373588
TI  - Neuroendocrine, vascular, and renal elements of hypertension. Proceedings of the
      Council for High Blood Pressure Research, American Heart Association. Cleveland,
      September 2l-23, 1983.

PMID- 6373589
TI  - Purification and characterization of one-chain and two-chain renins from mouse
      submandibular gland.
AB  - Biosynthetic processing of mouse submandibular gland renin involved sequential
      proteolytic cleavages of preprorenin to prorenin; the prorenin, in turn, rapidly
      converted to one-chain and slowly to two-chain renins that were both
      enzymatically active. One-chain and two-chain renins were purified by an eight
      step purification including carboxymethyl cellulose and high performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC). The specific activity of the purified one-chain renin was
      fivefold higher than the two-chain renin. Purified heavy-chain renin was obtained
      by dithiotreitol incubation of two-chain renin. The heavy chain, isolated by
      HPLC, retained less than 4% of the activity of the native two-chain, indicating
      that light-chain renin is essential for enzymatic activity. Previous data
      indicate that both one-chain and two-chain renins are secreted. One-chain renin
      is immediately secreted into the media after synthesis, whereas two-chain renin
      is secreted later. These results suggest that renin may be secreted by two
      separate pathways--an early pathway from the golgi and another pathway from the
      secretory granules. Our data indicate that renin biosynthesis and secretion are
      complex and may be controlled at multiple points.

PMID- 6373590
TI  - Statine-containing renin inhibitor. Dissociation of blood pressure lowering and
      renin inhibition in sodium-deficient dogs.
AB  - Iva-His-Pro-Phe-His-Sta-Leu-Phe-NH2 is a new, potent, specific statine 
      containing renin inhibitor. In vitro, the ID50 needed to inhibit both dog and
      human plasma renin is approximately 10(-8)M. Injections into anesthetized rats
      receiving a continuous intravenous infusion of hog renin revealed a dose-related
      lowering of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) with an ID50 of 0.04 mg/kg. In
      conscious Na-deficient dogs, infusion of the inhibitor for 48 hours resulted in a
      sustained lowering of MAP and suppression of plasma renin activity (PRA). To
      study the relationship between MAP lowering and inhibition of PRA, conscious Na
      deficient dogs received continuous intravenous infusions for 1 to 3 hours. At
      doses of 20, 40, and 160 micrograms/kg X min, MAP was reduced 9 +/- 3, 15 +/- 0,
      and 22 +/- 4 mm Hg. No dose-related response was observed for PRA, which
      decreased from 7.8 +/- 0.9 to 0.4 +/- 0.3, 0.1 +/- 0.1, and 0.4 +/- 0.2 ng
      angiotensin I/ml X hr, respectively. Further studies using much-reduced infusion
      rates revealed a dose-related inhibition of PRA but not MAP. Doses of 0.1, 0.2,
      and 1.0 micrograms/kg X min inhibited PRA, 34% +/- 1%, 52% +/- 3%, and 82% +/- 4%
      while MAP decreased, 3 +/- 1, 4 +/- 1, and 2 +/- 1 mm Hg, respectively. These
      data reveal the potent blood-pressure-lowering effects of this new renin
      inhibitor and suggest that there may not be a direct relationship between
      inhibition of circulating renin and blood pressure lowering in Na-deficient dogs.

PMID- 6373592
TI  - Effect of changes in sodium or potassium balance, and nephrectomy, on adrenal
      renin and aldosterone concentrations.
AB  - An active form of renin was confirmed in the adrenal gland of rats. It had a
      molecular weight of 40,000, generated angiotensin I (AI) from natural renin
      substrate at pH 7.4, and was found at concentrations 30 to 60 times higher than
      plasma renin in rats on a normal diet. Changes in sodium diet induced changes in
      adrenal capsular renin concentration (high Na 2.21 +/- 0.34, normal Na 4.34 +/-
      0.53, low Na 13.19 +/- 1.67 ng AI/mg protein/hr). A high potassium diet also
      increased adrenal capsular renin from 5.27 +/- 0.53 to 39.78 +/- 5.68 ng AI/mg
      protein/hr, while plasma renin concentration decreased from 7.28 +/- 0.63 in the
      normal diet to 5.05 +/- 0.60 on the high potassium diet. Neither diet altered the
      concentration of renin in the fasciculata-medullary portion of the adrenal gland.
      Nephrectomy markedly increased the renin concentration in the adrenal capsules
      without any effect on the decapsular cells (20 hours after nephrectomy, 71.5 +/-
      10.6 ng AI/mg protein/hr). Sodium loading or dexamethasone treatment prior to
      nephrectomy blunted the rise in adrenal renin (nephrectomy + dexamethasone =
      27.64 +/- 4.33 ng AI/mg protein/hr; nephrectomy + NaCl = 38.70 +/- 5.82 ng AI/mg
      protein/hr). In all experiments, there was a positive correlation between adrenal
      renin and adrenal aldosterone concentrations, but the experiments did not rule
      out the possibility that this positive correlation was due to two independent
      variables changing in the same direction and not causally related. In conclusion,
      adrenal renin may be a local hormone, involved in the regulation of aldosterone
      production.

PMID- 6373591
TI  - Dopamine modulates sodium-dependent aldosterone responses to angiotensin II in
      humans.
AB  - Studies have shown that dopamine inhibits angiotensin II (AII)-induced
      aldosterone secretion in bovine adrenal cells in vitro, but does not alter
      aldosterone responses to AII in sodium-replete normal humans. We investigated six
      normal men with plasma cortisol concentrations less than 2 micrograms/dl during
      oral administration of dexamethasone 0.5 mg every 6 hours for 2 days and in
      balance at 10 mEq sodium/day intake (UNa V 22 +/- 5 mEq/24 hr). The subjects
      received either dopamine 4 micrograms/kg/min or vehicle intravenously (i.v.) for
      270 minutes on 2 consecutive days. After 120 minutes of dopamine infusion, AII
      was given in cumulative doses of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 pmol/kg/min i.v., each dose
      for 30 minutes. Control plasma aldosterone concentrations before vehicle or
      dopamine were 12 +/- 2 (mean +/- 1 SE) and 15 +/- 3 ng/dl, respectively.
      Aldosterone responses to AII were greater with vehicle than dopamine at AII doses
      of 4 and 6 pmol/kg/min (p less than 0.02). The slope of the AII-aldosterone dose
      response curve was steeper with vehicle (0.36) than with dopamine (0.13), p less
      than 0.0001. Plasma renin activity and serum potassium concentrations were
      similar with vehicle and dopamine. Dopamine inhibits AII-induced aldosterone
      secretion during sodium deficiency in humans.

PMID- 6373593
TI  - Distribution of immunoreactive angiotensin II, angiotensin I, angiotensinogen and
      renin in the central nervous system of intact and nephrectomized rats.
AB  - Evidence for an intracellular pathway for angiotensin synthesis in the central
      nervous system (CNS) was examined using immunohistochemistry to compare the
      distribution of angiotensin I (AI), AII, angiotensinogen, and renin in the
      hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei (SON), median
      eminence (ME), and pituitary gland in intact and nephrectomized rats. In intact
      rats injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) with colchicine, AII neurons
      were found in the parvocellular PVN, and terminals were seen in the external
      lamina of the ME. In the pituitary gland, AII was localized within cells of the
      anterior and intermediate lobes, whereas the posterior pituitary was unstained.
      In contrast, 24 to 48 hours following nephrectomy, AII-labeled neurons were
      observed in the magnocellular PVN and SON, even without the aid of i.c.v.
      colchicine. Likewise, axons within the internal layer of the ME were now labeled,
      but the pituitary was completely devoid of staining except for the intermediate
      lobe. AI-labeled neurons were observed only in the parvocellular PVN.
      Angiotensinogen was localized in the mediobasal hypothalamus, but the PVN and SON
      were not labeled. Immunoreactive renin was localized within the magnocellular
      PVN, SON, and posterior lobe of the pituitary in nephrectomized and intact
      animals. Because of the close overlap of AI and AII staining, these results
      suggest that AI and AII could represent a precursor product relationship in the
      CNS. In contrast, in the intact animals, renin and angiotensinogen do not appear
      to be associated with AII. However, a possible relationship between AII and renin
      may exist in the magnocellular PVN and SON, since labeled neurons were seen in
      these nuclei following nephrectomy.

PMID- 6373594
TI  - A new form of inactive renin in rat brain. A latent renin.
AB  - A new inactive (latent) form of renin was found in rat brain extract. It is
      activated by sulfhydryl compounds such as dithiothreitol but not by proteases
      such as trypsin. The activated form of latent renin in crude brain extract was
      again inactivated by the disulfide compound sodium tetrathionate. Latent renin
      was separated, at least partially, from active renin by affinity chromatography
      on Affi-Gel Blue. In contrast to a marked (10-fold) increase of latent renin by
      dithiothreitol, the enzyme activity of active renin was increased by less than
      50% by this sulfhydryl compound. Thus, the major part of the activating effect of
      dithiothreitol does not seem to be due to its effect on renin substrate. Latent
      renin showed affinity for pepstatin-Sepharose gel. These properties indicate that
      latent renin is different from inactive renin of the zymogen type, which is
      activated by protease or acid treatment but not by sulfhydryl compounds and does
      not show affinity to pepstatin. Latent renin has a molecular weight of 45,000 and
      is reduced to 34,000 upon activation by dithiothreitol. This observation suggests
      that latent renin may be a renin-inhibitor complex.

PMID- 6373595
TI  - Defective synthesis of vasodilator prostaglandins in the spontaneously
      hypertensive rat.
AB  - Results of in vitro studies performed in different laboratories have led to the
      hypothesis that in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), the biosynthesis of the
      vasodilator prostaglandins (PG) I2 and E2 increases secondarily to the rise in
      the arterial pressure, as a protective mechanism for reducing the severity of
      hypertension. In this study, this hypothesis was tested in vivo in SHR and
      control Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats under normal and high sodium diets. The 24-hour
      urinary excretion of 2,3-dinor-6-oxo-PGF1 alpha, an endogenous metabolite of
      PGI2, was used as an index of the total production of PGI2 in the rats, whereas
      the urinary levels of PGE2 were used as an index of the renal production of this
      prostaglandin. Urinary levels of PGE2, obtained at 10 and 12 weeks of age, were
      always lower in SHR than in WKY rats and were not influenced by dietary sodium.
      In WKY and SHR on normal diets, the urinary levels of 2,3-dinor-6-oxo-PGF1 alpha
      did not differ significantly. However, the chronic administration of a high
      sodium diet (5.9% NaCl) was accompanied by a significant and sustained rise in
      the urinary excretion of 2,3-dinor-6-oxo-PGF1 alpha in the order of 30% to 50% in
      WKY but not in SHR, a finding similar to that in Dahl rats. These results point
      to the existence of an impaired capacity in SHR to synthesize vasodilator
      prostaglandins in vivo, contrary to the situation prevailing in vitro.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6373596
TI  - Malignant hypertensive crisis induced by chronic intrarenal norepinephrine
      infusion.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to develop a controllable experimental model
      in the dog that would consistently and predictably produce a malignant
      hypertensive crisis, and to determine the sequential changes in renal function,
      salt and water balance, and hormones that are involved in the transition from
      benign to accelerated hypertension. Norepinephrine (NE) was infused continuously
      into the renal artery of unilaterally nephrectomized dogs that were maintained on
      50 mEq sodium/day. The infusion rate of NE was increased each day according to
      the following schedule: 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 microgram/kg/min.
      During the first 4 to 5 days of intrarenal NE infusion, there was a progressive
      decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow
      (ERPF), and increases in plasma renin activity (PRA), mean arterial pressure
      (MAP), and filtration fraction. At the end of this period of benign hypertension,
      MAP had risen from a control value of 91 +/- 4 to 132 +/- 8 mm Hg, in association
      with approximately a 10-fold increase in PRA and a 40% reduction in renal
      function. Then, suddenly, during the subsequent 24-hour infusion period, the MAP
      increased abruptly in all animals (MAP = 156 +/- 8 mm Hg), and a hypertensive
      crisis occurred. This crisis was associated with the following: salt and water
      depletion, hyponatremia, hypovolemia and hemoconcentration, polydipsia, marked
      activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, increased plasma cortisol
      concentration, hemolysis, marked impairment in renal function, lethargy, and
      vomiting.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6373597
TI  - A history of the Council for High Blood Pressure research. Past imperfect,
      present indicative, and future perfect.

PMID- 6373599
TI  - Outcomes to middle cerebral artery occlusion in hypertensive and normotensive
      rats.
AB  - To ascertain whether infarction and noninfarction outcomes to rapid occlusion of
      the middle cerebral artery (MCA) are differentiated by alteration of the systolic
      blood pressure (BP), rats under the following conditions were tested: normal
      Wistar rats (NW) made acutely hypertensive with deoxycorticosterone acetate
      (DOCA)-salt, spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats (SHRSP) receiving
      captopril antihypertensive medication for 7 weeks, and SHRSP with captopril
      withdrawn 2 weeks prior to the occlusion test. Eleven of 13 acutely DOCA-salt
      hypertensive NW were protected from infarction. Adequate collateral circulation
      was preserved in NW vessels initially formed under normotensive conditions but
      tested during acute DOCA-salt hypertension. Since all SHRSP tested had infarcts,
      SHRSP were more susceptible to infarction than NW made acutely DOCA-salt
      hypertensive. SHRSP with captopril medication withdrawn for 2 weeks had higher BP
      and larger infarcts than SHRSP maintained on the drug. Results suggest that the
      mechanism causing elevated BP or one secondary to it adversely alters the
      collateral supply in SHRSP. An increase in collateral vascular resistance
      initiated during anatomical development of the anastomoses very early in life may
      predispose SHRSP to infarct after rapid MCA occlusion later in life.

PMID- 6373598
TI  - Propylbutyldopamine. Mechanism of blood pressure lowering in hypertensive
      patients.
AB  - The effects of propylbutyldopamine ( PBDA ), an analog of dopamine lacking
      significant vasoconstrictor effects, were examined in seven patients with
      essential hypertension. Cardiovascular hemodynamics, renal plasma flow, urinary
      sodium excretion, and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system were examined
      during PBDA infusion both before and after administration of low (8
      micrograms/kg) and high (40 micrograms/kg) doses of the dopamine receptor
      antagonist metoclopramide. Infusion of PBDA at a rate of 20 micrograms/kg/min
      lowered mean arterial pressure from an average control value of 112 +/- 4 to 94
      +/- 3 mm Hg during the last 5 minutes of infusion (p less than 0.01), and
      increased effective renal plasma flow from 330 +/- 22 ml/min to 591 +/- 46 ml/min
      (p less than 0.01). Changes in heart rate (+ 16% +/- 5% increase from control
      values of 77 +/- 3 bpm), urinary sodium excretion (+ 13% +/- 5% increase from
      control value of 121 +/- 11 muEq/min), plasma renin activity (+ 23% +/- 15%
      increase over control value of 1.3 +/- 0.3 ng angiotensin I/ml/hr), and plasma
      aldosterone (+ 26% +/- 12% increase over control value of 17 +/- 6 ng/dl)
      accompanied PBDA infusion. Pretreatment with metoclopramide at a dose of 8
      micrograms/kg prior to PBDA infusion partially blunted the blood pressure
      reduction produced by PBDA alone (-10% +/- 8% vs -20% +/- 4% compared to control
      values, p less than 0.1) but had no effect on PBDA -induced increases in renal
      plasma flow (+ 179% +/- 15% vs + 179% +/- 9% compared to control).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6373600
TI  - Human histocompatibility antigens (HLA).

PMID- 6373601
TI  - Unilateral pulmonary agenesis with skeletal abnormalities.

PMID- 6373602
TI  - Child abuse and neglect (CAN): Indian perspective.

PMID- 6373603
TI  - The epileptic mother and her child.

PMID- 6373604
TI  - [Enamel bonding in temporary fixed dentures].

PMID- 6373605
TI  - [Enamel and dentin lipids. Their role during the process of mineralization].

PMID- 6373606
TI  - [Nutrition in the elderly. Its place in prosthetic restoration].

PMID- 6373607
TI  - [The flexible base technique].

PMID- 6373608
TI  - [Dentin bonding: hope or clinical reality?].

PMID- 6373609
TI  - Characterization of nonfimbrial mannose-resistant protein hemagglutinins of two
      Escherichia coli strains isolated from infants with enteritis.
AB  - Escherichia coli strains 444-3 and 469-3, isolated from patients with severe
      infantile enteritis, are able to adhere to and penetrate human epithelial cells
      in culture. In addition to type 1 fimbriae and glycocalyces , both strains
      elaborate mannose-resistant nonfimbrial protein hemagglutinins specific for human
      erythrocytes. Purified agglutinins are aggregates (greater than 4 X 10(6)
      daltons) of a single protein subunit of apparent Mr 14,000 (469-3) to 14,500 (444
      3). The optimal temperature for expression of the agglutinins is 37 degrees C.
      Bacteria grown at 22 degrees C, which show 1% or less of maximal activity, and
      mutants deficient in the ability to agglutinate human erythrocytes do not
      synthesize detectable levels of these surface proteins and, moreover, do not
      adhere to cultured epithelial cells. Coupled with the observation that purified
      agglutinins competitively inhibit bacterial adherence to cultured cells, these
      data indicate that the nonfimbrial surface proteins expressed by strains 444-3
      and 469-3 are essential for adherence both to erythrocytes and to cultured
      epithelial cells.

PMID- 6373610
TI  - Ultrastructural study of adherence to and penetration of cultured cells by two
      invasive Escherichia coli strains isolated from infants with enteritis.
AB  - The adherence of invasive Escherichia coli strains 444-3 and 469-3 to human
      erythrocytes and to cultured HeLa and HEp-2 cells has been examined by electron
      microscopy. Bacteria elaborating type 1 fimbriae, glycocalyces , and nonfimbrial
      mannose-resistant hemagglutinins specific for human erythrocytes were identified
      in cultures of both strains, and each of these different bacterial surface
      components appeared to be involved in attachment of 444-3 and 469-3 to cultured
      epithelial cells or human erythrocytes (or to both). Both strains, which were
      isolated from infants with dysentery-like illness, penetrated cultured epithelial
      cells and existed within membrane-bounded intracellular vesicles. Mutants of 444
      3 and 469-3 selected for deficiency in mannose-resistant hemagglutination did not
      adhere to or penetrate cultured cells. These ultrastructural studies demonstrate
      the complexity of the bacterial surface and show that E. coli strains 444-3 and
      469-3 can elaborate several different adhesions , each of which could function to
      promote attachment to host intestinal epithelial cells. Mucosal invasion may also
      be an important virulence property of these strains.

PMID- 6373612
TI  - Local cellular immune response in ascending urinary tract infection: occurrence
      of T-cells, immunoglobulin-producing cells, and Ia-expressing cells in rat
      urinary tract tissue.
AB  - The local immune response was studied in rats with ascending urinary tract
      infection that was induced by Escherichia coli 06K13H1 . The occurrence in
      urinary tract tissue of cells reacting with monoclonal antibodies to T-cell
      markers and Ia antigen and with antibodies to immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and
      IgA was studied by immunohistochemical methods. Serum antibody response and
      antibody coating of bacteria in the urine were also followed. Infection increased
      the number of irregular Ia-expressing cells in both bladder submucosa and the
      intertubular space in the kidney. The epithelial cells of some tubules were
      induced to express Ia antigens. A slight increase of what were most probably T
      "helper" cells in the bladder was noted during the initial phase of infection.
      These cells soon disappeared, and there was instead an increase in irregular
      W3/25-reactive cells that may be identical to the observed Ia-positive cells. In
      the pyelonephritic lesions there were large amounts of T-cells, mainly T-helper
      cells, Ia-expressing cells, both rounded and irregular, and also IgG-and IgM
      producing cells. IgA-producing cells were demonstrated in the infected bladders.
      The results indicate that distinct differences exist between the immune reactions
      in bladder and kidney tissue which may be important for the development of
      infections in these organs.

PMID- 6373611
TI  - Altered expression of human monocyte Fc receptors in Plasmodium falciparum
      malaria.
AB  - The state of activation of human peripheral blood monocytes was examined by using
      a rosette assay that detects changes in Fc receptor expression. Monocytes from
      patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria showed a significant
      increase in the number of rosettes relative to healthy controls. In addition, the
      monocytes from these patients were tested for their ability to phagocytose
      Candida albicans, but this ability did not differ from that of normal
      individuals. Finally, the monocytes from patients with cerebral malaria were also
      tested for Fc receptor expression. In contrast to the results from uncomplicated
      cases, the activity of the monocytes from these patients was no different from
      that of controls. We concluded that uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria caused an
      increase in monocyte Fc receptor expression which did not occur in cerebral
      malaria and that this difference in activation may be important in the
      pathogenesis of cerebral malaria.

PMID- 6373613
TI  - Influence of dose and route of Mycobacterium lepraemurium inoculation on the
      production of interleukin 1 and interleukin 2 in C57BL/6 mice.
AB  - Groups of C57BL/6 mice were infected either intravenously or subcutaneously with
      10(5) or 10(8) Mycobacterium lepraemurium cells, and the ability of their splenic
      macrophages and T-cells to produce, respectively, interleukin 1 on
      lipopolysaccharide stimulation and interleukin 2 on concanavalin A stimulation
      was assessed during the course of infection. In all groups of infected mice,
      interleukin 1 production remained unaffected during the entire observation
      period, whereas interleukin 2 activity decreased as the infection progressed.
      Heavily infected mice (10(8) M. lepraemurium cells) showed an earlier and
      stronger deficiency interleukin 2 production by concanavalin A-stimulated spleen
      cells than did mice infected with a lower dose (10(5) bacilli), without
      detectable influence by the route of inoculation. In mice receiving 10(5)
      bacilli, minor differences were seen according to the route of infection, with a
      slight delay in interleukin 2 decrease in mice injected intravenously. In
      subcutaneously inoculated mice, the failure of spleen cells to produce
      interleukin 2 after concanavalin A stimulation did not correlate with the number
      of bacilli developing in the spleen, suggesting the existence of suppressor
      mechanisms acting at a distance from the site of inoculation.

PMID- 6373614
TI  - Phenotypic variation and modulation in Bordetella bronchiseptica.
AB  - Most of the isolates of Bordetella bronchiseptica obtained by this laboratory
      possessed a characteristic colonial morphology when grown on Bordet- Gengou agar
      (BGA) at 37 degrees C. The colonies appeared domed (Dom+) with a smooth colonial
      surface (Scs+) and a clear zone of hemolysis ( Hly +). From these Dom+ Scs+ Hly +
      BGA colony types arose flat (Dom-), smooth colonial surface (Scs+) and
      nonhemolytic ( Hly -) variants at frequencies of 10(-2) to 10(-3). Isogenic pairs
      of Dom+ Scs+ Hly + and Dom- Scs+ Hly - BGA phenotype variants (BGA-PVs) were
      picked from 11 strains of B. bronchiseptica, and their whole cell lysates were
      compared with each other by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Characteristic SDS-PAGE profiles were observed for
      each of the Dom+ Scs+ Hly + and Dom- Scs+ Hly - BGA-PVs with regard to (i)
      surface-exposed proteins, based on autoradiographs of 125I- Iodogen -labeled
      organisms, (ii) polypeptide differences, based on gels stained with Coomassie
      brilliant blue R-250, and (iii) lipopolysaccharide differences based on gels
      stained with silver after oxidation with periodic acid. SDS-PAGE profiles were
      then used to monitor the phenotypes expressed by Dom+ Scs+ Hly + and Dom- Scs+
      Hly - BGA-PVs transferred and grown on brucella agar, Trypticase soy agar, and
      nutrient agar. When grown on non-BGA media, the Dom+ Scs+ Hly + BGA-PVs from six
      of eight strains showed SDS-PAGE profiles identical to those of Dom- Scs+ Hly -
      BGA-PVs. This phenotypic change was reversible even after 15 subcultures on the
      non-BGA media, since Dom+ Scs+ Hly + organisms passed back onto BGA expressed
      both Dom+ Scs+ Hly + colonial morphology and Dom+ Scs+ Hly + SDS-PAGE profiles.
      The influence of cultural conditions on maintenance of virulence is discussed.

PMID- 6373615
TI  - Fungistatic and fungicidal activity of human parotid salivary histidine-rich
      polypeptides on Candida albicans.
AB  - Human parotid saliva histidine-rich polypeptides exerted antifungal activity
      against Candida albicans at concentrations similar to the known antifungal
      activity of the imidazole antibiotics. Inhibition of both growth and viability
      could be demonstrated by optical density monitoring and plating assays.
      Inhibition of growth was observed to be greatest when the histidine-rich
      polypeptides were added to the inoculum before addition to the growth media.
      However, complete inhibition by these polypeptides was still noted during active
      growth at turbidities of C. albicans corresponding to 10(6) CFU/ml. At higher
      cell densities, growth was delayed but not halted under the experimental
      conditions investigated. Candidacidal activity was observed with both growing and
      nongrowing cells. With respect to the latter, reaction of cells in buffer with
      the histidine-rich polypeptides for a period of 30 min resulted in killing of
      greater than 90% of two different strains of C. albicans, whereas a third strain
      was found to be less susceptible. Moreover, the kinetics of loss of cell
      viability correlated with the loss of potassium from the cells. In addition to
      the histidine-rich polypeptides, hen egg white lysozyme, poly-L-lysine, and poly
      L-histidine affected C. albicans. Both of the polyamino acids completely
      inhibited the growth of the yeast whereas lysozyme was not as potent. Where
      delays in growth were observed for all of these agents, including the histidine
      rich polypeptides, turbidities reached those of untreated controls after a 24-h
      period. Enhanced effects were noted if C. albicans was preincubated with these
      agents in 0.025 2-(N-morpholino)-ethanesulfonic acid buffer, pH 5.2, before
      growth in the yeast synthetic medium.

PMID- 6373616
TI  - Resolution of the phosphotransferase enzymes of Streptococcus mutans:
      purification and preliminary characterization of a heat-stable phosphocarrier
      protein.
AB  - The sucrose phosphotransferase system of Streptococcus mutans catalyzes the
      phosphorylation of sucrose to sucrose-6-phosphate with concomitant translocation
      of this disaccharide across the cytoplasmic membrane in reactions requiring
      intracellular phosphoenolpyruvate. Soluble proteins released by vigorous
      homogenization of cells with glass beads are shown to be necessary for the
      phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphorylation of sucrose in combination with one
      or more proteins that remain tightly associated with the membrane fraction. We
      have partially purified phosphotransferase enzyme I and have purified a heat
      stable phosphocarrier protein (HPr) to apparent homogeneity, by gel filtration
      and ion-exchange chromatography from the soluble fraction. HPr from S. mutans has
      an apparent molecular weight larger than that of Escherichia coli HPr but has
      properties similar to those of Staphylococcus aureus HPr. Furthermore, it appears
      to be partially complexed with a heat-stable enzyme III-like protein in cell-free
      fractions from S. mutans, and we also report the purification of this complex.
      Enzyme I from S. mutans is a protein (native Mr greater than 100,000) that cross
      complements enzyme I from S. aureus. Preliminary characterizations of homogeneous
      HPr and its complex with the putative enzyme III are also presented.

PMID- 6373617
TI  - Role of macrophages in malaria: O2 metabolite production and phagocytosis by
      splenic macrophages during lethal Plasmodium berghei and self-limiting Plasmodium
      yoelii infection in mice.
AB  - The role of splenic macrophages in resistance to lethal Plasmodium berghei or
      self-limiting Plasmodium yoelii was studied by testing their rate of phagocytosis
      and their production of O2 metabolites (H2O2 and O2-) upon nonspecific
      stimulation with zymosan. It was found that, compared with P. berghei, infection
      of mice with P. yoelii resulted in an earlier appearance and in higher numbers of
      adherent cells in the spleen. Furthermore, the capacity of macrophages to
      generate O2 metabolites was significantly higher in P. yoelii- than in P. berghei
      infected mice. This difference in the production of O2 metabolites was more
      pronounced when calculated on a per spleen basis. On the other hand, phagocytosis
      by macrophages was similar in both types of infection. The data suggest that
      lethal and nonlethal malaria species differ in their capacity to induce the
      production of O2 metabolites by macrophages, thereby influencing the final course
      of disease.

PMID- 6373618
TI  - Neuraminidase production by Vibrio cholerae O1 and other diarrheagenic bacteria.
AB  - Vibrio cholerae O1 strains belonging to both biotypes (classical and El Tor) and
      both serotypes (Ogawa and Inaba) produced neuraminidase which was released rather
      than cell bound. Classical strains made more neuraminidase than did El Tor
      strains. About one-third of V. cholerae non-O1 strains and one-fourth of
      Aeromonas hydrophila strains were neuraminidase positive. Strains of
      enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Shigella spp. did
      not produce detectable neuraminidase.

PMID- 6373619
TI  - Induction of long-term heart allograft survival in the rat by rabbit ATG.
AB  - A rat model for induction of transplantation tolerance, by antithymocyte globulin
      (ATG) as sole immunosuppressive agent, was studied. Vascularized heart allografts
      were employed. The conditions for establishment of long-term surviving (LTS)
      grafts were investigated as well as some of the characteristics of the tolerant
      state. The tolerance-inducing effect of ATG was found to be reproducible and dose
      dependent. Treatment before grafting was essential. Preimmunization of the
      recipient inhibited the tolerance induction, while thymectomy seemed to have the
      opposite effect. The differences in survival of second allografts, third party or
      syngeneic to the first, indicated a largely strain-specific tolerance that most
      probably was the result of a changed host reactivity and for its induction
      strictly depended on presence of the graft. There were microscopical signs of
      rejection in the LTS grafts, while almost no such changes could be found in
      second allografts from the same donor strain, transplanted to the LTS-bearing
      recipients.

PMID- 6373620
TI  - Leukocyte sensitization against synovial components in rheumatoid arthritis:
      blocking by pregnancy serum.
AB  - The leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) test in arthritis can serve as an in
      vitro model for investigating cellular cooperation between mononuclear cells
      sensitized by cytophilic IgG rheumatoid factor(s) present in rheumatoid arthritis
      (RA) serum, normal synovial components, and polymorphonuclear cells. Since
      inflammatory and immunologic responses are altered during pregnancy, we studied
      the effect of pregnancy serum on the LAI. The adherence of normal leukocytes once
      sensitized in RA serum is inhibited by a synovial extract, but when these
      leukocytes are exposed to pregnancy serum prior to sensitization with RA serum,
      the cells are unresponsive to subsequent stimulation by the synovial extract (p
      less than 0.01). This blocking effect on sensitization is only present in serum
      obtained after the first trimester of pregnancy and can be detected even at serum
      dilutions of 1:100. Leukocytes obtained directly from pregnant subjects, washed,
      and then incubated with RA serum failed to react. Since pregnancy serum has been
      shown to mask certain cell membrane receptors, it is possible that our results
      are due to the blocking of IgG rheumatoid factor binding to mononuclear cells.
      This finding could contribute to the subsidence during pregnancy of some
      disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6373621
TI  - Studies on cholera-toxin-induced desensitization of adenylate cyclase in the
      mouse intestinal mucosa.
AB  - Repeated peroral pretreatment ('immunization') with cholera toxin (CT) in mice
      induces protection against CT as well as against prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), as
      evaluated by fluid accumulation in intestinal loops. The fluid response to CT is
      depressed for more than 1 month, while the response to PGE1 is inhibited for 4-7
      days after the pretreatment. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that neither
      the binding nor the penetration of CT into the intestinal epithelial cells is
      affected by the toxin pretreatment. Furthermore, the CT-induced release of mucus
      in goblet cells is not influenced by the toxin pretreatment. In contrast, the
      enzyme adenylate cyclase (AC), which mediates the actions of CT and PGE1, shows a
      long-lasting desensitization to CT, as estimated in mucosal membrane
      preparations. Chlorpromazine and cycloheximide revert the desensitization to CT
      as well as to PGE1. The present data suggest that intestinal resistance to CT in
      the mouse is due to desensitization of the reaction between CT and AC and
      requires stimulation of AC, as well as an active protein synthesis.

PMID- 6373622
TI  - IgG antibodies to purified Aspergillus fumigatus antigens determined by enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay.
AB  - IgG antibodies to three purified Aspergillus fumigatus antigens were determined
      by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in sera from 26 patients with
      definite pulmonary aspergillosis (group 1), 23 patients with suspected pulmonary
      aspergillosis (group 2), 8 patients with precipitating antibodies to A. fumigatus
      of undetermined clinical significance (group 3), and 113 healthy blood donors
      (group 4). With a 470,000-dalton antigen fraction ELISA values exceeded the upper
      range of group 4 (0.72) in 92, 91 and 13% of cases in groups 1, 2 and 3,
      respectively. With a 250,000-dalton antigen fraction the figures were 96, 78 and
      13%, respectively (upper range of group 4 = 0.25). With an antigen fraction of
      25,000-50,000 daltons the figures were 96, 65 and 13%, respectively (upper range
      of group 4 = 0.18). In 48 of 49 cases of definite or suspected aspergillosis
      (groups 1 + 2) ELISA values with at least one antigen exceeded the upper range of
      controls (group 4). It appears that antibody determination with these three
      antigen fractions may have a high diagnostic sensitivity.

PMID- 6373623
TI  - Anthropology, life histories, and the aged: the Toronto Baycrest Centre.
AB  - This article describes and analyzes the accomplishments of a group of aged Jews
      residing at the Toronto Baycrest Centre, a multilevel geriatric facility. A
      project that began as an informally planned program to keep the participants
      socially engaged and active led to the publication of their memoirs , From Our
      Lives [5], with financial support from the Canadian government. The value of the
      memoir activity for the group and for the community is outlined. The article
      concludes with a general discussion of the importance of replicating such
      activities not only with elderly Jews but also among other groups of elderly
      persons.

PMID- 6373624
TI  - Antibodies to mycobacterial arabinomannan in leprosy: correlation with reactional
      states and variation during treatment.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure antibody to
      mycobacterial arabinomannan in serial serum specimens obtained over the initial
      12-31 months of therapy from nine patients with leprosy. The antibody level in
      pretreatment sera was directly proportional to the quantity of Mycobacterium
      leprae present in each patient as assessed by six-site scrapings (r = 0.75). The
      three patients with the lowest antibody levels (OD 0.1-0.3) had uncomplicated
      courses and their levels declined slowly with treatment. Three patients with
      intermediate antibody levels (OD 0.7-1.1) each experienced a reversal reaction
      during therapy; serial antibody titers in all three followed a triphasic pattern
      over the course of the reaction. The two patients who developed erythema nodosum
      leprosum during therapy had extremely high levels of antibody initially (OD
      greater than 1.5), which fell slowly with time and which were unaffected by the
      reactional state. The pretreatment antibody level to arabinomannan reflects the
      amount of M. leprae present and may have predictive value for the development of
      reactional states.

PMID- 6373625
TI  - Preliminary evidence of natural resistance to Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) in
      lepromatous leprosy.
AB  - An assay system has been developed based on radiometric quantification of 3H
      uracil incorporation into viable BCG in the absence or presence of blood
      monocytes in cultures from untreated lepromatous (LL) or tuberculoid (TT) leprosy
      patients. 3H Uracil incorporation into BCG was inhibited when the bacilli were
      cultivated in the presence of blood-derived macrophages in culture for four days,
      and that inhibition was always greater with macrophages harvested from LL
      patients compared to TT patients. The reasons for such an observed difference in
      humans are discussed according to our knowledge obtained in murine models of
      mycobacterial infections.

PMID- 6373626
TI  - Adenosine triphosphate content of Mycobacterium leprae from leprosy patients.
AB  - Mycobacterium leprae obtained from randomly selected lepromatous leprosy patients
      were used to evaluate the ATP assay technique for detecting viability of these
      cells. The findings were further confirmed by the standard mouse foot pad
      technique. While the latter takes about 8-12 months to obtain any valid
      information on the status of M. leprae, the ATP data can be generated within
      hours and at much lower cost. It is hoped that the ATP data could also
      instantaneously identify viable bacilli from patients taking dapsone and thereby
      identify dapsone-resistant patients so that alternative treatment could be given.
      The advantages of this method over other currently available methods are
      discussed.

PMID- 6373627
TI  - Attempts at cultivation of Mycobacterium leprae in macrophages from susceptible
      animal hosts.
AB  - Macrophages from nude mice, nude rats, and armadillos were cultured in vitro and
      examined for their ability to support Mycobacterium leprae. No significant growth
      of this organism were observed after over 200 days of culture. No significant
      benefit was derived from modifying culture conditions or from variations in the
      source of macrophages or the source of M. leprae.

PMID- 6373628
TI  - Ultrastructural features of macrophages of armadillos infected with actively
      multiplying Mycobacterium leprae.
AB  - Experimental leprosy lesions in the armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) were studied
      by freeze etching and ultrathin sectioning. Infected macrophages have distinct
      intracytoplasmic foamy structures in the form of spherical droplets accumulated
      around multiplying bacilli. This finding is the same as those observed in human
      lepra cells and nude mice macrophages infected with M. leprae.

PMID- 6373629
TI  - Electron microscopic study of leprosy in a mangabey monkey (natural infection).
AB  - Ultrastructural features of the leproma of a) a naturally infected mangabey
      monkey, and lepromas and liver of b) a passage mangabey monkey, c) a rhesus
      monkey, d) an African green monkey, and e) a nine-banded armadillo inoculated
      with leprosy bacilli isolated from the leproma of a naturally infected mangabey
      monkey were studied by the freeze-etching technique. The size, shape, and
      ultrastructural features of leprosy bacilli in the phagolysosomes of macrophages
      in all of these samples were essentially the same as those in humans, nude mice,
      and armadillos inoculated with human Mycobacterium leprae. Distinct accumulations
      of small spherical droplets were observed around leprosy bacilli inside lepra
      cells of all the samples but were scarce in the specimen from the green monkey.
      The bacilli in all samples were long and slender, and had band structures on the
      smooth cell wall surfaces. The bacilli were indistinguishable from M. leprae.

PMID- 6373630
TI  - Multiple axonal myelination in the experimental mouse leprosy model.

PMID- 6373631
TI  - The biochemical diagnosis of the porphyrias.

PMID- 6373633
TI  - Behold, the gatekeeper cometh.

PMID- 6373632
TI  - Behcet's disease.
AB  - Behcet's disease is a multisystem disease featuring mucocutaneous, ocular,
      intestinal, articular, vascular, urogenital, and neurologic involvement. While
      classically intermittent in its manifestations, the disease can stabilize and
      become chronic in a given organ system. The diagnosis of Behcet's disease is
      based on clinical criteria. Recurrent aphthous ulcerations in the mouth, skin
      lesions, eye lesions, and genital ulcerations must be present during the course
      of the disease for a diagnosis of Behcet's disease to be made unequivocally. A
      nonspecific skin hyperreactivity called pathergy is said to be helpful in the
      diagnosis. There are no pathognomonic laboratory findings, but biopsy usually
      shows a venulitis. The pathogenesis of the disease is unknown. No virus has been
      satisfactorily isolated to date. There is evidence of an increased frequency of
      HLA-B5 and HLA-B12. Humoral and cellular immunity seem to play a major part in
      the pathogenesis of the various manifestations of the disease. The treatment of
      Behcet's disease is difficult to evaluate because of the many spontaneous
      exacerbations and remissions during the clinical course of the disease. Topical
      corticosteroids for orogenital ulcers and ocular inflammation are helpful.
      Intralesional injections for affected joints and retrobulbar tissues are useful
      in some cases. Systemic corticosteroids have appeared to be helpful for all
      manifestations of the disease. It is customary to use 60 mg of prednisone by
      mouth daily during acute exacerbations, then to taper as the condition improves.
      Chlorambucil has been shown to be safe and effective for various manifestations
      of Behcet's disease; often it is used in combination with
      corticosteroids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6373634
TI  - The value of immunohistochemical studies using antibody to S100 protein in
      dermatopathology.
AB  - The distribution of S100 protein in normal skin and various tumors involving skin
      was assessed using rabbit antibody to S100 protein in an immunoperoxidase
      reaction. In normal skin, S100 protein was detected in the epidermis (melanocytes
      and Langerhans' cells), dermis (Schwann cells, Pacinian and Meissner's
      corpuscles, and interdigitating reticulum cells), cells of the sweat gland
      apparatus, and in chondrocytes. In tumors involving skin, S100 protein was
      present in nevi, malignant melanomas, histiocytosis X, mixed sweat gland tumors,
      neural tumors, chondromas, and chondrosarcomas. Detection of S100 protein by
      immunostaining was useful in understanding the histogenesis of various skin
      tumors and in assessing the diagnosis and prognosis of a variety of skin lesions
      encountered in surgical pathology.

PMID- 6373635
TI  - Subcorneal pustular dermatosis and systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 6373636
TI  - Some historical aspects of dermatology in Sri Lanka.

PMID- 6373637
TI  - New antibiotics. New hopes and new problems.

PMID- 6373639
TI  - Topical mechlorethamine chemotherapy. Considerations on its use in mycosis
      fungoides.

PMID- 6373638
TI  - Elastin and elastic fibers in normal and pathologic skin.

PMID- 6373640
TI  - Diurnal GIP, PP and insulin levels in morbid obesity before and after stapled
      gastric partitioning with gastro-gastrostomy.
AB  - The diurnal gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and
      insulin levels in eight morbidly obese subjects were studied before and four
      weeks and five months after a stapled gastric partitioning. The integrated
      release of all three peptides was significantly reduced postoperatively, although
      the profiles of the plasma GIP and PP curves were similar. On the other hand, the
      diurnal insulin pattern was changed from a pathological prolonged
      hyperinsulinemia starting shortly after breakfast and lasting till late in the
      evening, to a normal pattern with small, shortlived postprandial peaks.

PMID- 6373641
TI  - Liver morphology in morbid obesity: a literature study.
AB  - Literature on liver morphology in untreated obesity reveals varying prevalences
      of various pathological findings. The purpose of this literature study was to
      summarize and evaluate the published observations and to discuss discrepant
      findings. A complete search was aimed at utilizing bibliographic methods
      including a computerized survey. Forty-one original articles were included,
      comprising information on liver morphology in 1515 morbidly obese patients. Liver
      biopsy was considered normal in 12 per cent of the cases. The most frequent
      abnormality reported was fatty change, present in 80 per cent of the biopsies.
      Portal inflammation was also common (33 per cent). Fibrosis, mainly portal or
      periportal, was observed in 29 per cent. Cirrhosis, however, involved only 3 per
      cent. Study of relationships between the degree of liver change and certain
      possible pathogenetic factors (eg degree and duration of obesity, age, sex,
      alcohol consumption, diabetes mellitus) does not point towards a single causal
      factor. Co-influence of additional pathogenetic factors are likely in the
      development of liver changes in morbid obesity.

PMID- 6373642
TI  - Nature of the B10 amino acid residue. Requirements for high biological activity
      of insulin.
AB  - Human [10-asparagine-B] insulin ([ Asn10 -B] insulin), an analogue which differs
      from the parent molecule in that the histidine residue at position 10 of the B
      chain (B10) is replaced by asparagine, has been synthesized and isolated in
      purified form. In vitro biological assays indicated a potency of ca. 35% compared
      to insulin. We have previously shown that the replacement of histidine at
      position B10 by lysine resulted in an analogue displaying ca. 15% of the
      biological activity of natural hormone, while the substitution of leucine in this
      position produced a molecule exhibiting ca. 45% potency in in vivo assays. The
      data indicate that molecular size of the amino acid residue at position B10 may
      be important in the maintenance of a structure commensurate with high biological
      activity. Polarity at this position appears to be rather unimportant while a
      strongly basic group appears to be deleterious.

PMID- 6373643
TI  - Constants of the Alper and Howard-Flanders oxygen equation for damage to
      bacterial membrane, deduced from observations on the radiation-induced penicillin
      sensitive lesion.
AB  - Energy deposited in the bacterial envelope of E. coli B/r induces lesions which
      are lethally attacked by penicillin in concentration insufficient to affect
      unirradiated bacteria. The critical lesions are probably in the membrane moiety.
      Bacteria were irradiated in the presence of 100 per cent oxygen, oxygen-free
      nitrogen and mixtures of 1.01, 0.59, 0.3, 0.1 and 0.06 per cent oxygen in
      nitrogen. Changes in sensitivity with pO2 conformed with the Alper and Howard
      Flanders equation, for bacteria treated after irradiation by penicillin as well
      as for the untreated ones. The values of m were respectively 4.8 and 3.3; the
      values of K were identical, within experimental error, i.e. 4.4 mmHg. Sensitivity
      to induction of the penicillin-sensitive lesion was calculated from the
      difference in the reciprocals of D0 values proper to untreated and treated
      bacteria, for every gas used. The value of m could not be directly calculated
      because the effect of penicillin on anoxically irradiated bacteria was not
      detectable. For that reason, a transformation of the oxygen equation was used
      which allowed estimates to be made of both m and K, provided the results
      conformed with the equation. Within experimental error they did so conform. The
      calculated values of m and K for induction of the penicillin-sensitive lesion
      were respectively 8 and 5.9 mmHg, but it is shown that the oxygen enhancement
      ratio was probably underestimated and the K value overestimated. On the
      assumptions that these values of m and K are specific for radiation damage to
      bacterial membrane, and that radiation-induced killing is attributable to lethal
      lesions in the membrane as well as the DNA, the results demonstrate that any
      interaction of oxygen with sites of energy deposition in the DNA must play a very
      much smaller role in radiosensitization than does interaction with sites of
      energy deposition in the membrane.

PMID- 6373644
TI  - Chronic otitis media with effusion and adeno-tonsillectomy--a prospective
      randomized controlled study.
AB  - Otitis media with effusion (OME) is one of the commonest, chronic otological
      conditions of early childhood. There is considerable variation in management in
      different centres throughout the world. Surgical treatment of the ears, adenoids,
      tonsils and sinuses is frequently employed and the condition constitutes one of
      the main indications for adenoidectomy and to a lesser extent for tonsillectomy.
      To date no randomized prospective, adequately controlled study has demonstrated
      the effect of these operations on established OME. The present work reports the
      results at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and one year following
      adenoidectomy and adenotonsillectomy performed randomly and prospectively with a
      controlled no-surgery group on a cohort of 103 children with established OME,
      unresponsive to medical treatment. Following adenoidectomy the rate of resolution
      of OME increases from 39% at 6 weeks, to 72% at one year; and following adeno
      tonsillectomy the rate increases from 59% at 6 weeks to 62% at one year. In the
      no-surgery group the rate increases from 16% at 6 weeks to 26% at one year.
      Compared with the no-surgery group the effect of adenoidectomy alone at one year
      is highly significant (P less than or equal to 0.001) and similarly the effect of
      adenotonsillectomy is significant (P less than or equal to 0.01). However, there
      is no increased benefit from the addition of tonsillectomy compared with
      adenoidectomy alone. Thus adenoidectomy resolves established OME in 36-46% of
      cases for up to 12 months.

PMID- 6373645
TI  - Leptospirosis in poikilothermic vertebrates. A review.
AB  - Autochthanous leptospirosis does occur in the poikilothermic vertebrates, as
      evidenced by positive serological reactions and by the isolation of pathogenic
      leptospiral serovars. These findings in aquatic members of this group are of
      special importance in view of the increased worldwide interest in aquaculture
      farming. Since 1975, 24 of the 101 (23.7%) reported human cases of leptospirosis
      in Hawaii have been associated with aquaculture industries (taro farms, prawn
      farms and watercress farms). Antibody synthesis and persistence in these animals
      is variable, and seems to depend to some extent on environmental temperatures.
      Some members of the group apparently lack the capacity for immunological memory,
      experience a considerable delay (lag-phase) in antibody formation, demonstrate
      the "paradoxical reaction" found in other animals, and can maintain living
      pathogenic leptospirae in their organs in the absence of detectable antibody
      utilizing our present serologic methods. For these reasons, serological studies
      as the sole source of evidence for leptospiral infection cannot be recommended.
      The immunologic mechanism of lower vertebrates is not known, some studies
      suggesting that there may be more than one antibody system active in these
      animals, especially the turtles, and further investigation at the cellular and
      subcellular levels is indicated. The growth temperatures and nutritional
      requirements of leptospirae isolated from other than warm-blooded animals is also
      poorly understood. Some knowledge has been contributed by various investigators
      in recent years, but much more work needs to be done in studying the nutritional
      and metabolic requirements of leptospirae isolated from all sources, including
      the various fauna resident in and around the fresh water streams and ponds.

PMID- 6373646
TI  - Serratia marcescens meningitis associated with a contaminated benzalkonium
      chloride solution.
AB  - Serratia marcescens is recognized as an important and potentially hazardous
      nosocomial pathogen. The organism has been implicated here as the first reported
      case of S. marcescens meningitis associated with skin disinfection. A quaternary
      ammonium compound ( QAC --Benzalkonium Chloride), was used to sterilize the skin
      prior to injection in a physician's office. Epidemiological studies were
      initiated. Six spray bottles containing disinfectant, the opened stock bottle of
      QAC , and an unopened bottle of disinfectant were all cultured. S. marcescens was
      noted growing in the spray bottles as well as in the opened stock bottle.
      Antibiograms of the patient and epidemiological isolates are essentially the
      same. It is our contention as well as that of the Centers for Disease Control
      that an appropriate skin disinfectant such as Tincture of Chlorhexidine,
      Iodophors , or Tincture of Iodine should be used, and that physicians performing
      surgical techniques in the office be aware of the potential hazard of
      contamination. The consequences of nosocomial infection with resistant organisms
      warrant every precaution by health care professionals.

PMID- 6373647
TI  - Chemical corneal burns.

PMID- 6373648
TI  - Noninfected corneal ulceration.
AB  - The pathogenesis of noninfected corneal ulcers consistently relates to persistent
      or extensive epithelial defects, concomitant with stromal inflammatory cell
      infiltration and enzymatic degradation of collagen and ground substance. The
      therapeutic approaches to these disorders may be considered on three levels: (1)
      determination of etiology and institution of primary therapy; (2) promotion of
      epithelial healing; and (3) limitation of ulceration and support of repair. The
      latter two aspects feature pharmacological management and limited surgical
      modalities, particularly the use of tissue adhesive.

PMID- 6373649
TI  - The ureter in renal transplantation.
AB  - The outcome of kidney transplantation depends on several factors. The quality of
      the ureter of the transplanted kidney and the technique of its connection with
      the recipient's urinary tract seem to be two of the most important ones. In this
      paper the authors analyse the incidence of ureteral complications of the grafted
      kidney in 99 ureterocystoneostomies performed in conjunction with kidney
      transplantation. Urinary fistulas occurred in 7, stenosis of the ureter in 3
      cases. The diagnostic possibilities and treatment of the complications are
      discussed.

PMID- 6373651
TI  - [Malaria].

PMID- 6373650
TI  - Impaired tubular reabsorption of magnesium after renal transplantation.
AB  - Tubular reabsorption of magnesium ( TRMg ) was calculated from the values of
      plasma ultrafiltrable Mg and urinary Mg in 36 patients with transplanted kidneys.
      The study revealed a defect in TRMg in all investigated patients. The lowest TRMg
      values were found in patients with poor function of the transplanted kidneys.
      TRMg increased in relationship with the increment in glomerular filtration rate,
      nevertheless in the majority of the cases the TRMg values did not reach the
      values of healthy individuals.

PMID- 6373652
TI  - [Advances in the drug prevention of malaria].

PMID- 6373653
TI  - [Bilharziasis].

PMID- 6373655
TI  - [Loaiasis].

PMID- 6373654
TI  - [Onchocerciasis].

PMID- 6373656
TI  - [Immunodiagnosis of parasite infections in man].

PMID- 6373657
TI  - [Lung tumor and recurrent hemoptysis following tuberculosis].

PMID- 6373658
TI  - Human insulin.

PMID- 6373659
TI  - Characterization of a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus infecting Manduca sexta.
AB  - A cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV) infecting Manduca sexta was characterized.
      The genome consisted of ten equimolar RNA segments ranging in estimated molecular
      mass from 0.7 to 3.84 Mdaltons and with a total estimated molecular mass of 21.75
      Mdaltons . The sizes of the individual RNA segments provisionally placed this CPV
      within the type 8 classification of Payne and Rivers. The polyhedrin protein had
      an estimated molecular mass of 28 kdaltons . Six virion-associated proteins were
      observed, ranging in size from 27.1 to 160 kdaltons . The RNA and protein
      profiles were compared to profiles observed from two other CPVs infecting Orgyia
      pseudotsugata and Bombyx mori. In addition, the nucleic acid sequence homology,
      using 32P-labeled cDNA to the total M. sexta CPV genome, demonstrated no homology
      with the B. mori CPV or the O. pseudotsugata CPV. The M. sexta CPV was
      transmitted by per os inoculation to O. pseudotsugata larvae.

PMID- 6373660
TI  - Diabetes in pregnancy--Matthews Duncan revisited.

PMID- 6373661
TI  - Multiple forms of intracellular alpha-glucosidase from Thermoascus aurantiacus
      Miehe: purification and properties.
AB  - The intracellular alpha-glucosidase extracted from the mycelium of Thermoascus
      aurantiacus was resolved by chromatographic procedures on DEAE-cellulose and
      hydroxylapatite into 4 major forms which account for 96% of the recovered
      activity. These forms, purified to electrophoretic homogeneity, display the same
      affinity toward p-nitrophenyl-alpha-glucoside (Km = 0.24 mM at pH 4 and 70
      degrees C), the same molecular weight on Sephadex G-200 (140,000-145,000) and
      isoelectric point (4.2) and are protected by Cl- and H+ ions from heat
      denaturation at 70 degrees C. They differ in the carbohydrate content which
      varies between 14 and 31%, w/w.

PMID- 6373662
TI  - Mechanism of action and structural properties of an intracellular alpha
      glucosidase from Thermoascus aurantiacus Miehe.
AB  - The intracellular alpha-glucosidase purified from the mycelium of Th. aurantiacus
      is an exceptionally stable protein which displays its maximum activity at 70
      degrees C and pH 4.2 and is inhibited by 4 M urea, 0.5 M mercaptoethanol, 15 mM
      Cu++ and 0.04% rose bengal only after incubation at high temperature (60-70
      degrees C). Carboxylic groups with pKa = 3.25 appear involved in the catalytic
      process together with a histidine residue (pKa = 5.7). Plots of Log V vs pH also
      show that the carboxylic groups dissociate in a cooperative way. A simple
      reaction mechanism is proposed on the basis of competitive inhibition by delta
      gluconolactone, which suggests the formation of a carbonium ion.

PMID- 6373663
TI  - Hypothesis on the role of hydroxylysyl glycosides in collagen fibre organization.
AB  - Hydroxylysine (Hyl) glycosides were determined both on the collagen produced by
      in-vitro cultures of human skin fibroblasts and pig articular chondrocytes and on
      the insoluble collagen extracted from bovine cornea and sclera. The disorganized
      collagen present in the culture medium showed a Hyl di- to mono-glycoside ratio
      markedly higher than the molecules extracted from the cell layer, where electron
      microscopy investigations demonstrated the real presence of collagen fibres.
      Moreover in bovine cornea the insoluble collagen showed a ratio Hyl di- to mono
      glycoside significantly higher than in sclera, which, on the contrary, possesses
      fibres with larger mean diameter. The possible conversion of Hyl diglycoside to
      monoglycoside was suggested by the demonstration of an alpha (1----2) glucosidase
      activity on Hyl diglycoside , in an enzyme extract from cultured human skin
      fibroblasts. A role for the processes of collagen glycosylation and
      deglycosylation was thus considered.

PMID- 6373664
TI  - Ethnic differences in kidney graft survival.
AB  - Results of 73 first cadaveric donor renal transplants in Jerusalem between 1975
      and 1980 are presented. There was a better 12-month graft survival in Arabs than
      in Jews (70.8% vs. 40.8%, P less than 0.035); however, 12-month patient survival
      was similar (83.3% vs. 85.7%). Acute rejection as the primary cause of graft loss
      occurred in 12.5% of the Arabs and 38.8% of the Jews (P less than 0.05). HLA-A, 
      B and -DR antigen-sharing was similar in both groups. Early acute rejection
      episodes had a poorer prognosis in Jews. Possible explanations for these findings
      are discussed, but the reason for the higher success rate in Arabs remains
      obscure.

PMID- 6373665
TI  - Grice-Green extra-articular subtalar arthrodesis in the treatment of infantile
      valgus pronated flat foot.
AB  - The Grice-Green operation was designed to correct pronated valgus flat foot.
      Initially, poliomyelitis provided the majority of candidates for this operation.
      Now, with the disappearance of poliomyelitis, its idiopathic variety in childhood
      has become the most common indication for this operation, whose effectiveness is
      universally acknowledged. The present paper is concerned with a quantitative
      assessment of its corrective potential, but the opportunity has also been taken
      to investigate more fully the evolution of the bone graft that is interposed as
      an arthrodesing agent between the talus and calcaneus.

PMID- 6373666
TI  - Resection and reconstruction of the distal end of the femur or proximal end of
      the tibia after radical excision of diaphyseal and epiphyseal segments.
AB  - The authors describe a technique of bone reconstruction after radical resection
      of bone segments from the distal end of the femur or proximal end of the tibia.
      This involves the insertion of an intramedullary nail of predetermined length
      which is fixed to the bone by screws applied at the proximal and distal ends of
      the nail. An aiming device is used which permits the screws to be applied by a
      closed procedure. The reconstruction is effected by using the diaphysis of the
      contralateral fibula, which is divided longitudinally into two halves. These are
      then applied laterally and medially to the endomedullary nail at the site of the
      resected area. Grafts of cortico-spongy bone taken from the iliac crests are
      inserted between the two fibular hemidiaphyses. The authors give a detailed
      description of the operation and report the clinical results obtained in eleven
      cases and the complications observed.

PMID- 6373667
TI  - Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the hip joint (review of the literature and
      report of personal case material).
AB  - The authors illustrate the diagnostic and therapeutic problems posed by pigmented
      villonodular synovitis of the hip by reviewing the literature and reporting on
      six original cases. Four of these cases were treated by synovectomy and two by
      prostheses. The best results were obtained with the total prostheses, but this
      must be considered in the light of the fact that most of the patients were young.

PMID- 6373668
TI  - Gene therapy: proceed with caution.

PMID- 6373669
TI  - The search for a science of infancy.

PMID- 6373670
TI  - A proposal for capital cost payment.
AB  - This article proposes new bases for the payment of hospital capital costs.
      Separate distinctions between proprietary and voluntary hospitals are made based
      on their definition of capital and the requirements for capital maintenance.
      Replacement cost depreciation is suggested as the payment basis for voluntary
      hospitals.

PMID- 6373671
TI  - Nursing home coverage.

PMID- 6373672
TI  - [Chronic graft-versus-host reaction following bone marrow transplantation].
AB  - Chronic graft-versus-host reaction is reported in a 19-year-old woman who
      developed poikilosclerodermic skin lesions within a few months following
      transplantation of bone marrow donated by her brother as she had acute lymphatic
      leukemia. The literature and the various clinical features and cutaneous
      manifestations of graft-versus-host reactions are reviewed.

PMID- 6373673
TI  - The 1984 Sievert lecture. Sieverts and safety.
AB  - The development of sound methods of radiation protection depended upon reliable
      dosimetry, both for internal and for external radiation. The proper safety of
      practices involving radiation exposures can only be adequately reviewed in light
      of the doses to which tissues are exposed by these practices, and of the types
      and magnitudes of the risks associated with these doses. Evaluation of risk is an
      essential step in the pursuit of safety.

PMID- 6373675
TI  - A tribute to Mrs Wyndham-Kaye, OBE.

PMID- 6373674
TI  - Nuclear reactor accidents--the use of KI as a blocking agent against radioiodine
      uptake in the thyroid--a review.
AB  - This paper is intended for those people who are responsible for the public health
      and safety in the event of a nuclear reactor accident. The possibilities and
      consequences of a radioiodine release are examined briefly. The possible side
      effects of stable iodine, the prognosis for radiation-induced thyroid disease,
      and the alternative protective measures are put into perspective and assessed for
      their individual risks and benefits. It is recommended that all appropriate
      counter-radiation measures be considered in the case of a reactor accident, and
      that the harmful side effects of the various actions be weighed carefully.
      Definitive guidelines as to when the use of KI is justified must be decided upon
      before implementing mass distribution.

PMID- 6373676
TI  - Analysis of the methods of pharyngoesophageal reconstruction.
AB  - During the period 1972-1982, 84 pharyngoesophageal reconstructions were performed
      on 82 patients (10 benign lesions and 72 malignant lesions) by the Department of
      Otolaryngology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York. The overall mortality for
      the series was 10%, with postoperative complications developing in the majority
      of patients and swallowing accomplished in 61%. The most successful method of
      reconstruction was stomach transposition (92%), followed by cervical flap repair
      (68%). The least successful methods were the use of the tubed deltopectoral and
      pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps, colon interposition, and jejunal autografts
      (40%-50%). The pertinent literature is reviewed and the reported mortality,
      morbidity, indications, limitations, and success rates for each method of
      reconstruction are analyzed and compared with the present series.

PMID- 6373677
TI  - [Does the transplant of a transfused cadaver donor function better than one from
      a non-transfused donor?].

PMID- 6373678
TI  - Cases of unstable hemoglobin and methemoglobin produced by de novo mutation.

PMID- 6373679
TI  - Propranolol versus chlorthalidone--a prospective therapeutic trial in children
      with chronic hypertension.
AB  - A prospective study of propranolol versus chlorthalidone has been performed in
      eleven patients with renal hypertension and one with essential hypertension. The
      patients were treated for 4 to 6 weeks consecutively. Both drugs proved to be
      effective in lowering elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The mean
      blood pressure decreased by 22.3 mm Hg in propranolol-treated patients and by 15
      mm Hg in chlorthalidone-treated patients. One patient developed an asthmatic
      attack provoked by propranolol. Four of twelve patients receiving chlorthalidone
      developed hypokalemia and required potassium supply. Both drugs can be
      recommended as drugs of first choice in children with hypertension.

PMID- 6373680
TI  - Identification of thymostimulin secreting cells in calf thymus by
      immunoperoxidase method.
AB  - An anti- thymostimulin (TS) serum was tested on calf thymus to study the
      localization of the hormonal factor. The immunoperoxidase method was applied to
      tissue fixed in Bouin's fluid and embedded in paraffin, or to tissue fixed in
      paraformaldehyde and embedded in Epon for semi-thin sections. Immuno-reactivity
      was shown, with DAB- Fluka , in reticulo-epithelial cells in the medulla, and
      between the cortex and the medulla, while with DAB-Sigma reactivity was found in
      the cortex as well. The external cells of Hassall's corpuscles were also
      reactive. Myoid cells were not reactive. In semi-thin sections a weak reactivity
      was noted at the periphery of a few lymphocytes. Comparison with the localization
      of other thymic factors, and the possibility of a functional cycle of the
      epithelial cells synthesizing one or more factors are discussed.

PMID- 6373681
TI  - Co-existence of enkephalin and adrenalin in the frog adrenal gland.
AB  - By means of immunohistochemistry combined with formaldehyde-induced fluorescence
      microscopy, met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity was found to occur in the
      adrenalin -cells of frog adrenal glands. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated
      that the immunoreactive material is confined to the secretory granules. These
      findings suggest the concomitant release of enkephalin and adrenalin by
      exocytosis.

PMID- 6373683
TI  - Analysis of serum and urinary beta 2-microglobulin in Japanese subjects.

PMID- 6373682
TI  - Ultrastructural demonstration of exocytosis of neural, neuroendocrine and
      endocrine secretions with an in vitro tannic acid (TARI-) method.
AB  - The release of neural, neuroendocrine, and endocrine secretory products by
      exocytosis was ultrastructurally studied by means of tissue incubation in Ringer
      containing tannic acid (Tannic Acid Ringer Incubation-method; TARI -method),
      followed by conventional fixation. Tannic acid strongly enhances the electron
      density of extracellular (secretory) substances. During TARI -treatment of
      tissues exocytosis proceeds, but the exteriorized contents of the secretory
      granules are immediately fixed by tannic acid and do not diffuse away into the
      extracellular space. In this way detection of exocytosis is markedly facilitated
      since the number of exocytosis phenomena visible at the ultrastructural level
      considerably increases with progressing incubation time. Studies of the central
      nervous system of the mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis show that the occurrence of
      exocytosis during TARI -treatment is calcium-dependent. With the TARI -method
      exocytosis has been clearly demonstrated in a variety of structures (endocrine
      cells, neurohaemal axon terminals, synapses) of L. stagnalis, the insect Locusta
      migratoria, and the rat, including cell types where exocytotic release had not
      been shown before.

PMID- 6373684
TI  - [Otorhinolaryngology in the work of the Ulm town physician Johannes Scultetus
      (1595-1645)].
AB  - Extracts concerning ear-nose-throat-diseases are given in this small historical
      study of "Armamentarium Chirurgicum " written by Johannes Scultetus d.A. This
      book is the first textbook of surgery in the form of an encyclopedia : it
      combines excellent illustrations of surgical procedures and instruments with a
      collection of 100 case-reports from the time of the 30 years war. The book was
      printed 18 times in 5 languages. There are facsimile -prints (1974) from the
      Latin (1655) and German (1666) edition.

PMID- 6373685
TI  - Primary tumor control after radiotherapy for carcinoma of the bronchus.
AB  - The primary tumor control and the appearance of distant metastasis was observed
      closely in 62 patients entered into a randomized controlled trial of the
      radiosensitizing drug, misonidazole, in carcinoma of the bronchus. Sixty-one of
      the 62 patients are now dead; an autopsy examination was carried out in 42 (69%).
      Although survival was comparable to that observed in similar studies, tumor
      persisted or recurred at the primary site in 95% (58/61) while 39% (24/61) showed
      no evidence for distant metastasis. In these patients, improvement in the primary
      tumor control would be important in extending survival.

PMID- 6373686
TI  - Breathing pattern during induced bronchoconstriction.
AB  - The breathing patterns of normal subjects monitored with respiratory inductive
      plethysmography were investigated after mild increases in respiratory resistance
      provoked by aerosolized methacholine during natural breathing and while breathing
      on a mouthpiece to a pneumotachograph. First, during natural breathing,
      comparisons of inspiratory ventilation (VI), tidal volume (VT), frequency (f),
      inspiratory time (TI), fractional inspiratory time (TI/TT), and mean inspiratory
      flow (VT/TI) were made before and after aerosolized buffered saline and
      methacholine in a dose that reduced specific airway conductance (sGaw) by 35%
      (PD35). There was a significant increase in VT/TI and VI after methacholine,
      whereas VT, f, TI, and TI/TT were not consistently modified by saline or
      methacholine. Pretreatment with bronchodilators prevented changes in respiratory
      resistance (Rrs) as well as in breathing pattern after PD35 methacholine. On
      another day, Rrs, end-expiratory lung volume level, and breathing pattern during
      natural breathing were monitored after administration of predetermined doses of
      methacholine that reduced sGaw by 25% (PD25), PD35, and 55% (PD55). Increases in
      VT/TI and end-expiratory lung volume level paralleled the increases in Rrs after
      each dose of methacholine but not with saline control. VI increased along with
      Rrs at the PD25 and PD35 doses but plateaued at the PD55 dose while Rrs continued
      to rise. There were no changes in breathing pattern in subjects who breathed on a
      mouthpiece to a pneumotachograph after PD55 methacholine. Thus alterations of the
      breathing pattern due to mild-to-moderate degrees of bronchoconstriction are
      characterized by progressive rises of mean inspiratory flow (an index of
      respiratory center drive) and end-expiratory lung volume level (a measure of
      pulmonary hyperinflation), but VI plateaus at the more severe degree of
      bronchoconstriction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6373687
TI  - Adaptations of skeletal muscle to endurance exercise and their metabolic
      consequences.
AB  - Regularly performed endurance exercise induces major adaptations in skeletal
      muscle. These include increases in the mitochondrial content and respiratory
      capacity of the muscle fibers. As a consequence of the increase in mitochondria,
      exercise of the same intensity results in a disturbance in homeostasis that is
      smaller in trained than in untrained muscles. The major metabolic consequences of
      the adaptations of muscle to endurance exercise are a slower utilization of
      muscle glycogen and blood glucose, a greater reliance on fat oxidation, and less
      lactate production during exercise of a given intensity. These adaptations play
      an important role in the large increase in the ability to perform prolonged
      strenuous exercise that occurs in response to endurance exercise training.

PMID- 6373688
TI  - Effects of stopping exercise training on epinephrine-induced lipolysis in humans.
AB  - It has been reported that in rats endurance exercise training enhances the
      sensitivity of adipose tissue to the lipolytic action of catecholamines. The
      purpose of this study was to determine whether endurance training has a similar
      effect on the lipolytic response to epinephrine in humans. Four days after
      cessation of training, a constant infusion of epinephrine resulted in a
      significantly smaller increase in serum free fatty acids (0.57 +/- 0.40 vs. 1.06
      +/- 0.30 mM; P less than 0.01) and blood glycerol (0.07 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.12 +/-
      0.03 mM; P less than 0.01) and a greater rise in blood lactate (1.24 +/- 0.51 vs.
      0.69 +/- 0.44 mM; P less than 0.01) above preinfusion levels than when the
      subjects were training. No further change in these responses occurred after 2 mo
      of inactivity. Plasma glucose and glucagon responses to epinephrine remained
      constant throughout the study. Plasma insulin concentrations before and during
      epinephrine infusion were higher than in the trained state only after 2 mo of
      inactivity. These findings suggest that epinephrine-induced lipolysis is enhanced
      in endurance-exercise-trained individuals but that this adaptation is lost very
      rapidly after cessation of exercise.

PMID- 6373689
TI  - Effect of edema and hemodynamic changes on extravascular thermal volume of the
      lung.
AB  - The extravascular thermal volume of the lung (ETV) has been measured in dogs as
      the difference between mean transit time (t) volumes for heat and indocyanine
      green dye across the pulmonary circulation, calculated as the product of thermal
      dilution cardiac output (CO) and the difference in t for aortic indicator
      dilution curves generated by right and left atrial injections. ETV measurements
      were compared with the extravascular lung mass (ELM): in 21 normal dogs, ETV/ELM
      = 1.11 +/- 0.14 (SD); in 17 dogs with hydrostatic pulmonary edema (up to 21
      g/kg), ETV/ELM = 0.90 +/- 0.11; and in 27 dogs with alloxan pulmonary edema (up
      to 51 g/kg); ETV/ELM = 0.93 +/- 0.13. For all 65 dogs the mean ETVELM was 0.98 +/
      0.15, and the liner regression was ETV (ml/kg) = 0.90 ELM (g/kg) + 0.86 +/- 2.25
      (SEE; r = 0.96). Calculations based on measurements of lung specific heat predict
      that ETV/ELM should equal 0.984. With acute changes in pulmonary hemodynamics,
      ETV was reduced by reductions in pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) sufficient to
      produce zone 1 conditions at the top of the lung. However, ETV was not affected
      by increases in CO (mean = 50%) produced by nitroprusside or by increases in Ppa
      and pulmonary blood volume (mean = 27%) produced by partial mitral valve
      obstruction. Distortion of the thermal dilution curve due to position of the
      arterial thermistor appears to be the greatest source of variability and
      overestimation. Simultaneous measurements from pairs of thermistors differed by
      14% (range 0.4-50%).

PMID- 6373690
TI  - Airway response to inhaled methacholine in healthy nonsmoking twins.
AB  - The variability of maximum expiratory flows is genetically determined, and the
      airway response to chronic cigarette smoking is also influenced by genetic
      factors. In nonsmoking nonatopic healthy individuals there is a wide variability
      of acute airway responses to bronchoactive drugs. The present study was designed
      to investigate whether this variability might also be genetically determined. We
      tested this hypothesis by measuring the threshold of airway response to inhaled
      methacholine using a partial flow-volume curve as the index of response in 10
      monozygotic (MZ) and 10 dizygotic (DZ) healthy nonsmoking pairs of twins.
      Methacholine aerosol was given in doubling doses from number 1 (0.031 mg/ml) to
      number 11 (32 mg/ml). The mean threshold (+/-SD) for the MZ twins was dose 4.5 +/
      2.4 and for the DZ twins was 7.2 +/- 2.0 (P = 0.0004). No explanation could be
      found for the difference in mean threshold between MZ and DZ twins. The mean
      intrapair difference in threshold (+/-SD) for the MZ twins was 2.7 +/- 1.6
      doubling doses and for the DZ twins was 2.4 +/- 1.8 (P = 0.7). Slope of dose
      response to methacholine and intrapair differences were not different between MZ
      and DZ twins. The present study supports the view that environmental factors are
      more important than genetic factors in determining the variability of acute
      airway responsiveness to bronchoactive drugs in healthy nonsmoking individuals.

PMID- 6373691
TI  - Determinants of pulmonary arterial flow variation during respiration.
AB  - We characterize the determinants of pulmonary arterial flow ( Qpa ) variation
      during spontaneous breathing ( SPONT ) and matched tidal volume intermittent
      positive-pressure breathing (IPPB) in 14 pentobarbital-anesthetized closed-chest
      canine preparations in which Qpa is measured by an electromagnetic flow probe
      around the pulmonary artery. Pressures are recorded from the juxtacardiac pleural
      space (Ppl), right atrium (Pra), and pulmonary artery. Spontaneous inspiratory
      efforts increase transmural Pra (Pra - Ppl) and right ventricular stroke volume (
      SVRV ) but decreases Pra, whereas IPPB inspiration has the opposite effect.
      However, the relationship between instantaneous changes in SVRV and transmural
      Pra during SPONT and IPPB define a common "instantaneous" right ventricular (RV)
      function curve independent of mode of ventilation or phase or respiratory cycle,
      and this curve is similar to one generated by volume infusion measured at end
      expiration. Pulmonary vascular resistance changes during ventilation are small
      (less than 15%) and do not affect RV performance as noted by similar
      instantaneous RV function curves for SPONT and IPPB with Mueller and Valsalva
      maneuvers, respectively. Thus variations in Qpa during ventilation represent
      matched changes in RV filling pressure induced by phasic changes in venous
      return.

PMID- 6373692
TI  - Prostaglandin I2 supports blood flow to hypoxic alveoli in anesthetized dogs.
AB  - In an animal model of unilateral alveolar hypoxia, inhibition of cyclooxygenase
      activity, estimates of immunoreactive 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1
      alpha), and administration of prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) were used to evaluate the
      hypothesis that endogenous PGI2 opposes hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction,
      thereby producing redistribution of blood flow to hypoxic alveoli and reductions
      in systemic PO2. In anesthetized dogs, one lung was ventilated with 100% N2 and
      the other with 100% O2. Thermal dilution coupled with electromagnetic flow
      measurements permitted estimates of blood flow to each lung. Indomethacin or
      meclofenamate reduced flow to the N2-ventilated lungs (P less than 0.05) and
      increased systemic PO2 (P less than 0.05). Simultaneously, aortic concentrations
      of immunoreactive 6-keto-PGF1 alpha decreased 63 +/- 8% (P less than 0.001).
      Following cyclooxygenase inhibition, incremental doses of PGI2 (0.01, 0.025, and
      0.10 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1) increased flow to the N2-ventilated lungs and
      reduced systemic PO2 (P less than 0.001) without affecting mixed venous PO2.
      These results suggest that systemic PO2 was reduced because of increased venous
      admixture. We conclude that PGI2 attenuates hypoxic vasoconstriction which allows
      flow to be maintained to hypoxic alveoli, resulting in reduced systemic PO2.

PMID- 6373693
TI  - Airway responses in offspring of dogs with and without airway hyperreactivity.
AB  - We examined airway responsiveness to aerosols of Ascaris suum, citric acid, and
      methacholine chloride in the offspring of two highly allergic breeds of dogs:
      Basenji-greyhounds (BG) and Basenjis (B). The BG parents had airway
      hyperresponsiveness to citric acid and methacholine, whereas the B parents did
      not. Both BG and B offspring were allergic as measured by many positive skin
      tests. BG offspring, like their parents, were hyperresponsive to citric acid and
      methacholine, whereas B offspring were not. We conclude that familial rather than
      environmental factors are important for the development of nonspecific airway
      hyperresponsiveness as well as allergy in the BG dog model of asthma. Allergic
      asthma in these animals represents a combination of two discrete processes:
      allergy and nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness.

PMID- 6373694
TI  - Positive end-expiratory pressure decreases bronchial blood flow in the dog.
AB  - Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) increases pulmonary vascular resistance,
      but its effect on the bronchial circulation is unknown. We have compared two
      techniques for measuring bronchial blood flow in anesthetized, open-chest,
      ventilated dogs at varying levels of PEEP. Bronchial blood flow ( Qbr ) to the
      left lower lobe (LLL) and trachea was measured with radiolabeled microspheres.
      Total Qbr was partitioned into tracheal, bronchial, and parenchymal fractions. We
      also measured the bronchopulmonary anastomotic flow ( Qbra ) by attaching
      cannulas from the lobar pulmonary artery and vein to reservoirs, interrupting the
      LLL pulmonary blood flow and collecting the flow going into the reservoirs. We
      measured Qbr and Qbra in 10 animals ventilated with varying levels of PEEP (3,
      10, and 15 cmH2O) applied randomly. Pulmonary venous pressure was kept at 0
      cmH2O. There was no difference observed between Qbr and Qbra at PEEP 3 and 10
      cmH2O, but at PEEP 15 cmH2O, Qbr was greater than Qbra , suggesting that at low
      left atrial pressures bronchial blood flow drains mainly to the left atrium,
      whereas at elevated alveolar pressures a larger fraction empties into the right
      side of the heart. PEEP decreased LLL Qbr and Qbra (P less than 0.01). That
      fraction of Qbr going to the trachea did not change with PEEP. However, the
      bronchial and parenchymal fractions decreased.

PMID- 6373695
TI  - Leukotriene synthesis and receptor blockers block hypoxic pulmonary
      vasoconstriction.
AB  - We hypothesized that leukotrienes are involved in hypoxic pulmonary
      vasoconstriction, since they are pulmonary vasoconstrictors and cells capable of
      producing leukotrienes are located in the lung near resistance vessels. We
      investigated in isolated perfused rat lungs whether three structurally unrelated
      blockers [diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC), U-60257, and FPL 55712] of
      leukotriene synthesis or action block hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. DEC
      blocked ongoing and subsequent hypoxic pressor responses while minimally
      affecting the angiotensin II pressor response. The inhibition of the hypoxic
      pressor response by DEC was not affected by cyclooxygenase or H1-receptor
      blockers. Potassium-induced vasoconstriction, which is dependent on calcium
      entry, was largely blocked by verapamil but not by DEC, suggesting that DEC was
      not acting primarily as a calcium-entry blocker. U-60257 blocked the hypoxic
      pressor response without inhibiting the pressor response to angiotensin II or
      potassium chloride. FPL 55712, a leukotriene end-organ blocker, in a dose which
      inhibited vasoconstriction caused by exogenous leukotriene C4, inhibited the
      pressor response to hypoxia but not to angiotensin II. We conclude that
      leukotriene inhibitors preferentially inhibit hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
      in isolated perfused adult rat lungs.

PMID- 6373696
TI  - Cardiopulmonary effects of unilateral airway pressure changes in intact infant
      lambs.
AB  - Direct effects of airway pressure changes on the pulmonary vascular bed of the
      intact infant lamb were studied under chloralose anesthesia using a preparation
      developed to permit independent ventilation of right and left lungs and
      independent measurement of right and left lung blood flow. A specially designed
      endobronchial tube eliminated the need for thoracotomy the day of study.
      Unilateral changes in positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) during volume
      regulated ventilation increased ipsilateral but not contralateral airway
      pressure, confirming adequate separation of right and left lungs and suggesting
      rigidity of the mediastinum. Such interventions ( UPEEP ) at levels of 5, 10, and
      15 cmH2O reduced ipsilateral but not contralateral pulmonary blood flow (by 10,
      25, and 46%, respectively) but did not alter end-tidal PCO2 of either lung. UPEEP
      had less effect on cardiac output, stroke volume, right atrial, left atrial,
      esophageal, and pulmonary arterial pressures than did PEEP applied to both lungs.
      Because this preparation separates the predominantly direct effects of UPEEP on
      the ipsilateral lung from its indirect effects on the contralateral lung, it is
      well suited to studies of direct pulmonary vascular effects of airway pressure
      changes in an intact closed-chest preparation with reactive pulmonary
      vasculature.

PMID- 6373697
TI  - Epidemiologic approach to the control of sheep nematodes.
AB  - Epidemiologic approaches to parasite control, with reduced reliance on the use of
      anthelmintics, were studied in 6 groups of weaned lambs and 4 groups of suckling
      lambs grazing fertilized pastures. Strategies tested included prophylactic
      treatments in the spring, provision of safe pastures, treat-and-move strategies,
      and winter (prelambing) treatment of ewes. Suppressive treatment with a non
      benzimidazole drug was used as a production yardstick against which the
      epidemiologic approaches were judged. Suppressive treatment with a benzimidazole
      drug was used to determine the drug resistance status of the flock. The success
      of each strategy was evaluated by measurements of body weight, wool growth, fecal
      egg counts, pasture larval counts, and total worm burdens. Prophylactic
      treatments in the spring were just as effective as suppressive treatments
      throughout the entire grazing season and resulted in significant (P less than
      0.001) increases in weight gain. Effective parasite control also was obtained by
      moving ewes and lambs to safe pastures (low infectivity) in May, and resulted in
      significant (P less than 0.001) increases in weight gain. A treat-and-move
      strategy led to significant (P less than 0.001) increases in weight gain until
      September, but then a loss of weight in October, suggesting the need for a double
      treat-and-move strategy in the case of late-marketed lambs. The value of winter
      (prelambing) treatments for ewes also was demonstrated. Suppressive treatments
      with a benzimidazole drug confirmed the presence of benzimidazole-resistant
      nematodes.

PMID- 6373698
TI  - Systemic Serratia marcescens infections in a dog and a cat.

PMID- 6373699
TI  - Structure-activity relations of 5,6-cis carbapenem antibiotics and role of
      factors determining susceptibility of Escherichia coli to beta-lactam
      antibiotics.
AB  - The antibacterial activities of twelve 5,6-cis carbapenem antibiotics, including
      four semisynthetic derivatives of C-19393 H2 and S2, against 15 microorganisms
      were examined, and their structure-activity relations are discussed in relation
      to minimum inhibitory concentrations against Staphylococcus aureus and
      Escherichia coli as a Gram-positive and a Gram-negative standard strain,
      respectively. The contribution of chromosomal beta-lactamase (amp C),
      permeability barrier, and penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 1B to the resistance
      of E. coli to these carbapenem antibiotics was examined using mutants lacking
      each of these cellular components. The beta-lactamase was not involved in the
      resistance. These antibiotics easily permeated the outer membrane. A PBP 1B
      defective mutant was supersensitive to these carbapenem antibiotics and to other
      types of beta-lactam antibiotics.

PMID- 6373700
TI  - Potentiation of tumoricidal properties of murine macrophages by Nocardia rubra
      cell wall skeleton (N-CWS).
AB  - Intraperitoneal injection of squalene-treated cell wall skeleton of Nocardia
      rubra (N-CWS) caused increase in number of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC).
      Adherent macrophages obtained from N-CWS-treated PEC suppressed growth of
      methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma (Meth-A), when injected intradermally
      with the tumor cells into BALB/c mice. The macrophages showed strong cytotoxicity
      against Meth-A cells in vitro. When treated with 10 micrograms/ml of N-CWS in
      vitro, proteose peptone-induced macrophages acquired tumoricidal property but
      resident macrophages showed no cytotoxicity after the treatment. In the
      supernatant of spleen cells cultured for 72 hours in the presence of N-CWS (10
      micrograms/ml), the presence of (a) factor(s) with macrophage activating effect
      was observed. This factor, shown to be identical to macrophage activating factor
      (MAF) in molecular weight, showed synergy with N-CWS in potentiating macrophage
      cytotoxicity against tumor cells.

PMID- 6373701
TI  - Inhibition of DNA replication and membrane transport of some nutrients by
      clazamycin in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Growth of Escherichia coli in a nutrient medium was inhibited by 100
      micrograms/ml of clazamycin and at this concentration, the viable cell number
      decreases slowly. Elongated cells were observed in the treated cultures. The
      bactericidal activity was abolished by high concentrations of either sucrose or
      sorbitol but not by chloramphenicol. Non-growing cells suspended in a medium
      devoid of both carbon and nitrogen sources were killed by clazamycin more rapidly
      than cells in a rich medium. Incorporation of radioactive thymidine, uridine,
      leucine and N-acetylglucosamine into cellular macromolecules was inhibited to a
      similar extent. Permeability of N-acetylglucosamine and leucine was blocked by
      clazamycin . On the other hand, membrane transport of thymidine was only slightly
      inhibited. Thymidine-derived radioactivity accumulated as dTTP in the cells
      suggesting that DNA synthesis was blocked at the polymerization step. DNA
      synthesis in toluene-treated cells was also sensitive to clazamycin while the
      repair DNA synthesis induced by bleomycin in these cells was not. DNA-repair
      deficient mutants of E. coli were as sensitive to clazamycin as their DNA-repair
      proficient counterparts.

PMID- 6373702
TI  - Binding of 125I-labeled beta-lactam antibiotics to the penicillin binding
      proteins of Escherichia coli.
AB  - 125I-Labeled derivatives of the beta-lactam antibiotics cephalexin, cephradine,
      cefaclor and 6-alpha-aminopenicillanic acid have been obtained by reacting these
      compounds with (125I)-Bolton-Hunter reagent. The following target proteins were
      found in Escherichia coli: (1) The derivatives of cephalexin, cefaclor and
      cephradine preferentially interact with the high molecular weight penicillin
      binding proteins ( PBP1a and PBP1b ); (2) The 125I- derivative of 6-alpha
      aminopenicillanic acid is preferentially bound by the low molecular weight
      penicillin binding proteins 4 and 5/6. The iodinated derivatives showed a very
      high affinity of binding to their target proteins with apparent half-saturating
      concentrations in the nano -molar range.

PMID- 6373704
TI  - Hepatic metabolism and bioactivation of mycotoxins and plant toxins.
AB  - The intoxication of livestock from ingested feed contaminated with naturally
      occurring toxicants is of great economic importance. Certain toxicants require
      enzymatic bioactivation before harmful effects are exhibited. In the liver, the
      cytochrome P-450 dependent mixed function oxidase (MFO) system normally
      metabolizes foreign compounds (xenobiotics) into more polar, more excretable and
      less toxic metabolites. During metabolism of aflatoxins and pyrrolizidine
      alkaloids (PA), oxidized metabolites are highly reactive with cellular components
      and are more toxic than the parent compounds. Hepatic bioactivation is of
      considerable importance because active metabolites are formed directly within the
      tissues of the animal. In addition, the MFO system has only limited specificity
      and is dependent on many factors including diet, age, sex, species and
      environmental influences. The interrelationship of these factors on aflatoxicosis
      and pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis are often responsible for the chronic nature and
      difficult etiology of these diseases. A better understanding of the factors
      affecting metabolism and bioactivation of these toxicants may lead to the
      development of techniques for protecting animals that are subjected to
      contaminated feeds.

PMID- 6373703
TI  - Toxic factors in tall fescue.
AB  - Tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb .), a well adapted perennial grass grown
      in the transition zone of the U.S., frequently produces toxic symptoms and(or)
      reduced animal performance. Specific syndromes associated with tall fescue
      include fescue foot, summer syndrome and fat necrosis. Summer syndrome is related
      to high environmental temperatures rather than an increase of toxic compound(s)
      during the summer months. Recent studies have related the summer syndrome to the
      presence of an endophytic fungus. The fungus has been identified as Epichlo e
      typhina or Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jones and Gams by different research
      groups. Only one fungus is probably involved and it is only the identification
      that is questioned. The toxic compound(s) involved in fescue toxicity syndromes
      has not been identified, however, several alkaloids have been associated with
      depressed animal performance. Other evidence indicates that compounds other than
      alkaloids may be involved. The depressed prolactin levels associated with fescue
      toxicosis may provide a technique to aid in the identification of the toxic
      compound. The development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay for the
      detection of the fungus should prove an effective tool to identify and thus
      select fungus free tall fescue seed.

PMID- 6373705
TI  - Teratogens in plants.
AB  - Many compounds synthesized by plants are known to be teratogenic in laboratory
      animals, but only a few have been shown by feeding trials to produce terata in
      livestock. Studies of plant teratogens affecting livestock have not moved forward
      in a systematic nor rapid way because of the logistical problems connected with
      such experiments in large animals. Information that has accumulated can be
      conveniently separated into three categories: (1) known teratogens in known
      teratogenic plants, (2) known teratogenic plants with unidentified teratogens,
      and (3) suspected teratogenic plants. Included in the first group are the
      teratogens from Lupinus, Veratrum, Conium and Leucaena genera; in the second
      group are included the Astragalus , Nicotiana and Trachymene genera; and in the
      third group are included Datura, Prunus , Sorghum and Senecio genera. Total
      available information in each case varies, but in a few instances considerable
      fundamental as well as practical information is now known. Research has provided
      enough information in a few instances to enable elimination of the practical
      problem or significant reduction in incidence.

PMID- 6373706
TI  - Ruminal metabolism of plant toxins with emphasis on indolic compounds.
AB  - Ruminal bacteria can perform biochemical transformations on plant constituents
      that may affect the health of ruminant animals. Reactions carried out by ruminal
      bacteria on oxalates and some pyrrolizidine alkaloids include decarboxylation,
      hydrolysis and reduction steps. Prior exposure of ruminal bacteria to these
      substances increases the rate of detoxification, indicating an adaptive response
      by the bacteria to these substrates. The formation of toxic substances by ruminal
      bacteria also occurs and may involve similar reactions. Hydrolysis of cyanogenic
      glycosides and miserotoxins , reduction of nitrate and S-methylcysteine sulfoxide
      to nitrite and dimethyl disulfide can result in toxicity in ruminants. Similarly,
      the deamination and decarboxylation reactions associated with the degradation of
      tryptophan and tryosine result in the formation of 3-methylindole and p-cresol,
      which are toxic. Formation of 3-methylindole results from fermentation of
      tryptophan to indoleacetic acid, with subsequent decarboxylation of indoleacetic
      acid to 3-methylindole by a Lactobacillus sp. The 3-methylindole causes acute
      pulmonary edema and emphysema in ruminants as a result of mixed function oxidase
      metabolism in tissues. The 3-methylindole is also the cause of naturally
      occurring acute bovine pulmonary edema and emphysema after abrupt pasture change.
      Inhibition of ruminal 3-methylindole formation by monensin and other antibiotics
      lowers ruminal 3-methylindole concentrations and prevents acute lung injury in
      experimental animals.

PMID- 6373707
TI  - A simplified system for biotyping Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from
      animal species.
AB  - A biotyping system for Staphylococcus aureus strains is proposed which is a
      simplified version of biotyping procedures described in the literature. It
      differentiates Staph. aureus strains from man and animals into host-specific
      ecovars and biotypes which are not host-specific. With the help of tests for beta
      haemolysin, staphylokinase , coagulation of bovine plasma and the crystal-violet
      reaction, the origin of many but not all Staph. aureus strains can be determined:
      604 of 809 strains from man, poultry, cattle, pigs, goats, rabbits and foods
      could be alloted to four ecovars which are typically associated with man,
      poultry, sheep and goats and cattle. The other strains belonged to five non-host
      specific biotypes.

PMID- 6373708
TI  - The antimicrobial properties of two commonly used antiseptic mouthwashes-
      Corsodyl and Oraldene.
AB  - The antimicrobial activities of the mouthwashes Corsodyl and Oraldene against
      common buccal organisms were essentially similar. The concentration of the active
      substance in the two mouthwashes was well in excess of the minimum inhibitory
      concentrations determined. Also a rapid lethal effect on the bacteria was found
      which, when combined with the previous property, may well account for the
      usefulness of these products in infectious conditions.

PMID- 6373709
TI  - A new direct plate method for the enumeration of Escherichia coli in frozen
      foods.
AB  - A new method has been devised, incorporating a resuscitant stage, which allows
      direct isolation of Escherichia coli biotype I, Irregular type II and Irregular
      type VI. Rapid indole tests on the distinctive colonies produced enable
      determinations of E. coli biotype I to be made within 24 h. This method employs
      materials of low cost and achieves complete recovery of injured cells. It also
      detects not only anaerogenic strains but those which are slow in producing acid
      from lactose or give negative results by other methods. If required, further
      study of isolates can be made after the indole test. Comparisons were made
      between conventional methods, the new method and a similar direct plate method.
      The implications of the higher counts obtained by the two latter methods are
      discussed in relation to microbiological specifications and standards for frozen
      foods.

PMID- 6373710
TI  - L-Rhamnose utilisation in Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - L-Rhamnose is degraded by strains of Salmonella typhimurium by isomerisation to L
      rhamnulose , phosphorylation to L- rhamnulose -1-phosphate and cleavage to
      lactaldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. The enzymes involved are,
      respectively, rhamnose isomerase ( RhaI ), rhamnulokinase ( RhuK ) and an
      aldolase (Ald). Strains able to grow rapidly on L-rhamnose contained a high
      affinity uptake system for 3H-L-rhamnose that was induced by L-rhamnose and
      repressed by D-glucose. The synthesis of RhaI and RhuK was also induced by L
      rhamnose but was not repressed by D-glucose. The synthesis of Ald was
      constitutive. Data are presented on some strains which grow very slowly on L
      rhamnose and on others which do not utilise it.

PMID- 6373711
TI  - Applications of fluorescent antibody for detecting capsular substances in
      Staphylococcus epidermidis.
AB  - A fluorescent antibody technique was developed for the determination of the type
      of capsule of strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Many mouse virulent and
      avirulent strain populations were investigated. Of 300 fresh isolates of Staph.
      epidermidis, 27 were mouse virulent strains and of these 74.1% and 25.9% were
      mono- and polyvalent, respectively. The frequency of capsular type antigens I, II
      and III, produced by the 27 virulent strains was found to be 18.5%, 88.9% and
      18.5%, the majority being capsular type II. In the mouse avirulent strains,
      capsular type antigen production was demonstrated in 263 out of 273 strains
      examined and mono- and polyvalent capsular types comprised 52.3% and 44.0%,
      respectively. Capsular type I, II, III strains and non-typable strains occurred
      at frequencies of 15.0%, 95.2%, 34.9% and 3.7% respectively, the majority of
      mouse avirulent strains also being capsular type II. These results indicate that
      a majority of ordinary Staph. epidermidis produced capsular type antigens
      although the capability is quantitatively different according to strain.

PMID- 6373712
TI  - A comparison of contact plate and calcium alginate swab techniques for
      quantitative assessment of bacteriological contamination of environmental
      surfaces.
AB  - A contact plate method for enumeration of bacteriological contamination at 9
      environmental sites in 64 homes was compared with swab sampling techniques.
      Contamination levels of 100 or more organisms/21-25 cm2 were demonstrated more
      frequently using swab methods, but for some sites where low numbers of organisms
      were present, higher recovery rates were obtained using contact plates. When
      contamination levels from contact plate and swab techniques were compared
      according to rank order a good correlation was obtained. Results of this
      investigation indicate that the contact plate method is satisfactory for
      differentiation of hygiene levels at environmental sites whilst facilitating
      handling of large numbers of samples in a field survey.

PMID- 6373713
TI  - Providencia stuartii: a review of a multiply antibiotic-resistant bacterium.

PMID- 6373714
TI  - The in-vitro activity of metronidazole against strains of Escherichia coli with
      impaired DNA repair systems.
AB  - The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of metronidazole was lower for strains
      of Escherichia coli with lesions in their DNA repair systems than for their
      parent strains. The viable numbers of all strains of E. coli tested were
      considerably reduced by metronidazole, even at sub-MIC levels, and the effect was
      greater when DNA repair lesions were more severe. In addition, metronidazole
      caused cell elongation of E. coli and slowly disappeared from the medium upon
      incubation with the bacterium. The drug-induced decrease in viable numbers of E.
      coli was followed by an increase. Most cells in this 'recovery' population were
      found to be anaerogenic and were relatively unaffected by subsequent exposure to
      metronidazole. The results show that E. coli consumes and is susceptible to
      metronidazole, under anaerobic conditions. DNA damage is involved in the
      antibacterial action of the drug, and E. coli resistant to the drug can be
      obtained readily in in-vitro incubations.

PMID- 6373715
TI  - Is pre-operative intra-incisional intra-parietal injection of antibiotics the
      ideal mode of administration as prophylaxis in abdominal surgery?

PMID- 6373716
TI  - The treatment of falciparum malaria.

PMID- 6373717
TI  - Interaction of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of clindamycin and
      Escherichia coli: effects on adhesion and polymorphonuclear leukocyte function.
AB  - Subinhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of clindamycin interfere with the
      adhesion of Escherichia coli to buccal epithelial cells and promote phagocytosis
      and killing of this organism by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs).
      Adherence of E. coli grown in the presence of clindamycin, at concentrations of 2
      32 mg/l, varied from 21.1 +/- 7.4 to 25.8 +/- 7.8 bacteria per epithelial cell
      (EC) (mean +/- S.D.) as compared with 58.3 +/- 10.3 per EC when the organism was
      cultured in the absence of the antibiotic (P less than 0.01). The number of
      phagocytosed bacteria per 200 PMNLs increased from 166.1 +/- 36.6 when E. coli
      was grown in medium 199 containing no antibiotic, to 289.3 +/- 56.4 (P less than
      0.01) when the organism was preincubated with 4 mg/l of clindamycin. The same
      concentration of clindamycin also increased the percentage of phagocytosed
      bacteria killed by the PMNLs from 42.0 +/- 9.0% to 63.7 +/- 11.2% (P less than
      0.01). The results of this study indicate that sub-MICs of clindamycin enhance
      host-defence mechanisms against E. coli.

PMID- 6373718
TI  - Penicillin tolerance in group B streptococci.

PMID- 6373719
TI  - Intracellular localization of photosynthetic membrane growth initiation sites in
      Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.
AB  - Putative membrane invagination sites at which intracytoplasmic photosynthetic
      membrane growth is initiated in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides can be isolated in
      an upper pigmented fraction by rate-zone sedimentation. The intracellular
      localization of membranes present in the isolated fraction was investigated with
      the impermeant surface-labeling reagent pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, which has been
      shown to diffuse into the periplasmic space and to label proteins of both the
      peripheral cytoplasmic membrane and the mature intracytoplasmic membrane. A
      comparison of the extent of labeling at 25 and 0 degrees C was consistent with
      the possibility that membranes present in the upper pigmented fraction arise from
      sites near the cell periphery. Pronase digestion of the surface-labeled membranes
      suggested further that the purified upper fraction consisted largely of open
      membrane fragments and that the majority of the intracytoplasmic membrane is
      labeled by this procedure. The pigmented membrane growth initiation sites were
      separated partially from undifferentiated respiratory cytoplasmic membrane also
      present in the upper fraction.

PMID- 6373720
TI  - Purification and characterization of pro-TraTp, the signal sequence-containing
      precursor of a secreted protein encoded by the F sex factor.
AB  - The structural gene for the F sex factor outer membrane surface exclusion protein
      ( traT ) was cloned onto a high-copy-number plasmid where it is expressed from
      the phage lambda promoter pL. Conditional control over expression was provided by
      a temperature-sensitive lambda cI repressor. Induction of pL produced large
      quantities of the traT gene product ( TraTp ) and, in rich growth media, even
      larger amounts of a higher-molecular-weight form of TraTp . This polypeptide was
      purified and characterized as a pro- TraTp precursor, which contains at its amino
      terminus a typical signal-like sequence, which is not present in the mature form
      of TraTp as isolated from the outer membrane of F-containing cells. Accumulation
      of pro- TraTp seemed not to result from the jamming of export sites, as in
      another system for obtaining precursors of secreted proteins, but rather from
      overwhelming kinetically the ability of the cell to process exported proteins.
      Although pro- TraTp appeared to be successfully translocated to the outer
      membrane, it was defective in forming the oligomeric structure required for
      surface exclusion function. The procedure used is not a general method but can be
      applied to certain other secreted proteins.

PMID- 6373721
TI  - Gratuitous repression of avtA in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - avtA , which encodes transaminase C (alanine-valine transaminase), is repressed
      by excess-L-alanine or L-leucine, and also by limitation for any of a number of
      amino acids in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Amino acid limitation
      causes repression by promoting the accumulation of L-alanine or L-leucine or
      both. avtA is also repressed by L-alpha-aminobutyric acid and other nonprotein
      amino acids which are structurally similar to L-alanine. We hypothesize that L
      alanine and L-alpha-aminobutyric acid, whose syntheses are catalyzed by
      transaminase C, are the true corepressors of avtA . Repression by structural
      analogs of the true corepressors is termed gratuitous repression.

PMID- 6373722
TI  - Overproduction of fumarate reductase in Escherichia coli induces a novel
      intracellular lipid-protein organelle.
AB  - The expression of fumarate reductase in Escherichia coli has been amplified over
      30-fold by utilizing a recombinant plasmid, pFR63 , carrying the fumarate
      reductase operon. More than 50% of the inner-membrane protein could be accounted
      for by the enzyme, whereas the total amount of protein associated with the
      membrane fraction doubled. The membrane accommodated this excess fumarate
      reductase without reducing the levels of other membrane-associated enzymes. At
      the same time, the amount of membrane lipid increased such that the lipid/protein
      ratio remained constant, indicating that the total amount of membrane had
      doubled. Small alterations in fatty acid composition as well as a large increase
      in cardiolipin were detected in the fumarate reductase-enriched membranes. The
      excess membrane was localized in novel tubular structures which were observed in
      thin-section and negatively stained electron-microscopic preparations. The
      tubules only appeared after the cytoplasmic membrane became highly enriched in
      fumarate reductase. They branched from the cytoplasmic membrane and were fumarate
      reductase. They branched from the cytoplasmic membrane and were composed of an
      aggregate of fumarate reductase and lipid.

PMID- 6373723
TI  - Escherichia coli K-12 lysyl-tRNA synthetase mutant with a novel reversion
      pattern.
AB  - Fast-growing revertants have been selected from a slow-growing lysyl-tRNA
      synthetase mutant. All of the revertants had increased lysyl-tRNA synthetase
      activity compared with the mutant (5- to 85-fold), and in some revertants this
      amounted to two to three times the wild-type synthetase activity. Two-dimensional
      gel electrophoresis of a whole-cell extract of revertant IH2018 (1.5- to 2-fold
      wild-type synthetase activity) showed that the increase in synthetase activity is
      due to the induction of cryptic lysyl-tRNA synthetase forms and not to a change
      in the constitutive lysyl-tRNA synthetase. Genetic studies have shown that a
      locus termed rlu (for regulation of lysU ) which is cotransducible with purF at
      49.5 min influences the amount of the cryptic lysyl-tRNA synthetase.

PMID- 6373724
TI  - Mapping of the lipoprotein signal peptidase gene (lsp).
AB  - A pBR322 plasmid which contains a fragment of Escherichia coli DNA encoding the
      lipoprotein signal peptidase gene was used to transform Hfr polA1 strains. Ampr
      transformants were used as donors in conjugation experiments, and the location of
      the plasmid amp gene adjacent to the chromosomal lsp gene was determined to be
      near the thr ara loci of the E. coli chromosome. P1 transduction experiments
      established that the location of the lsp gene is closely linked to that of dapB ,
      at 0.5 to 0.6 min on the E. coli genetic map. The position of the lsp gene was
      further determined to be between ileS and dapB by complementation analysis of an
      E. coli mutant showing temperature-sensitive prolipoprotein signal peptidase
      activity.

PMID- 6373725
TI  - Isolation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant strain deficient in
      deoxycytidylate deaminase activity and partial characterization of the enzyme.
AB  - Deoxycytidylate deaminase activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been partially
      characterized. The yeast enzyme was found to exhibit properties similar to those
      of dCMP deaminases isolated from higher eucaryotes. A mutant strain completely
      deficient in dCMP deaminase activity was isolated by selection for resistance to
      5-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidylate followed by screening for cross sensitivity to 5
      fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate, a potent inhibitor of the yeast thymidylate synthetase.
      We have designated this new allele dcd1 . A strain exhibiting an auxotrophic
      requirement for dUMP was isolated after mutagenesis of a dcd1 tup7 haploid.
      Genetic analysis revealed that this auxotrophic phenotype resulted from a
      combination of the dcd1 allele and a second, unlinked, nuclear mutation that we
      designated dmp1 . This allele, which by itself conveys no readily discernible
      phenotype, presumably impairs efficient synthesis of dUMP from UDP. The
      auxotrophic requirement of dcd1 dmp1 tup7 strains also can be satisfied by
      exogenous dTMP but not deoxyuridine.

PMID- 6373726
TI  - Buoyant density variation during the cell cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Cell buoyant densities of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were
      determined for rapidly growing asynchronous and synchronous cultures by
      equilibrium sedimentation in Percoll gradients. The average cell density in
      exponentially growing cultures was 1.1126 g/ml, with a range of density variation
      of 0.010 g/ml. Densities were highest for cells with buds about one-fourth the
      diameter of their mother cells and lowest when bud diameters were about the same
      as their mother cells. In synchronous cultures inoculated from the least-dense
      cells, there was no observable perturbation of cell growth: cell numbers
      increased without lag, and the doubling time (66 min) was the same as that for
      the parent culture. Starting from a low value at the beginning of the cycle, cell
      buoyant density oscillated between a maximum density near midcycle (0.4
      generations) and a minimum near the end of the cycle (0.9 generations). The
      pattern of cyclic variation of buoyant density was quantitatively determined from
      density measurements for five cell classes, which were categorized by bud
      diameter. The observed variation in buoyant density during the cell cycle of S.
      cerevisiae contrasts sharply with the constancy in buoyant density observed for
      cells of Escherichia coli, Chinese hamster cells, and three murine cell lines.

PMID- 6373727
TI  - recF-dependent and recF recB-independent DNA gap-filling repair processes
      transfer dimer-containing parental strands to daughter strands in Escherichia
      coli K-12 uvrB.
AB  - The processes for repairing DNA daughter-strand gaps were studied in UV
      irradiated uvrB, uvrB recB, uvrB recF, and uvrB recB recF cells of Escherichia
      coli K-12. The dimer-containing parental DNA was found to be joined to daughter
      strands during postreplication repair in all four strains examined. Therefore,
      both the major (recF-dependent) and the minor (recF recB-independent) gap-filling
      processes repair DNA daughter-strand gaps by transferring parental strands into
      daughter strands.

PMID- 6373729
TI  - Expression of a Thiobacillus ferrooxidans origin of replication in Escherichia
      coli.
AB  - A cryptic plasmid from an autotrophically grown arsenic-resistant strain of
      Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was isolated and cloned into pBR325. The origin of
      replication of pBR325 was deleted, and the recombinant plasmid was shown to
      replicate in Escherichia coli, using an origin of replication located on the
      Thiobacillus plasmid.

PMID- 6373728
TI  - Plasmid containing a DNA ligase gene from Haemophilus influenzae.
AB  - A ligase gene from Haemophilus influenzae was cloned into the shuttle vector pDM2
      . Although the plasmid did not affect X-ray sensitivity, it caused an increase in
      UV sensitivity of the wild-type but not excision-defective H. influenzae and a
      decrease in UV sensitivity of the rec-1 mutant.

PMID- 6373730
TI  - Bacterial plasmids that carry two functional centromere analogs are stable and
      are partitioned faithfully.
AB  - The par genes of unit-copy plasmids P1 and F promote equitable distribution of
      plasmid copies to daughter cells and can be considered to be functional analogs
      of eucaryotic centromeres. Composite plasmids were constructed which carry either
      two functional P1 par regions or one F and one P1 region. Unlike dicentric
      chromosomes, such plasmids are stably maintained.

PMID- 6373731
TI  - Long repair replication patches are produced by the short-patch pathway in a
      uvrD252 (recL152) mutant of Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - The uvrD252 mutation leads to increased UV sensitivity, diminished dimer excision
      and host cell reactivation capacity, and an increase in the average patch size
      after repair replication. A recA56 uvrD252 double mutant was far more resistant
      to UV than was a recA56 uvrB5 double mutant. Its host cell reactivation capacity
      was identical to that of uvrD252 single mutant and was far greater than that of
      the uvrB5 single mutant. The strain showed no Weigle reactivation. From these
      results, we concluded that the double mutant has no inducible DNA repair
      (including long-patch excision repair) but retains dimer excision capabilities
      comparable to the uvrD252 single mutant. It appears, therefore, that the long
      patches detected in the uvrD mutant were not identical to the recA-dependent
      patches seen in wild-type cells.

PMID- 6373732
TI  - trans-Acting virulence functions of the octopine Ti plasmid from Agrobacterium
      tumefaciens.
AB  - All Ti plasmid-encoded virulence functions that were studied act in trans. An
      octopine Ti plasmid-specific vir operon, called vir-O, located on an EcoRI
      restriction fragment has been characterized. Sequences with promoter activity in
      Escherichia coli were identified for a second vir operon, called vir-C, which was
      located close to the position of vir-O.

PMID- 6373733
TI  - Colicin V-treated Escherichia coli does not generate membrane potential.
AB  - Colicin V-treated Escherichia coli was inhibited in its capacity to carry out
      active transport of proline and was unable to generate a membrane potential.
      Colicin V also prevented membrane potential formation by isolated cytoplasmic
      membrane vesicles. We conclude that a primary effect of this colicin involves the
      cytoplasmic membrane as a target.

PMID- 6373734
TI  - Transformability of galE variants derived from uropathogenic Escherichia coli
      strains.
AB  - Transformation of uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains with plasmid DNA was in
      general unsuccessful or very inefficient. Transformation was much more efficient
      when galE mutants of such strains, in which the lipopolysaccharide chains
      appeared shorter, were used as recipients.

PMID- 6373735
TI  - Genetic mapping of pheU, an Escherichia coli gene for phenylalanine tRNA.
AB  - We report the genetic mapping of pheU , an Escherichia coli gene for
      phenylalanine tRNA. This gene was located near 94.5 min on the E. coli map. There
      are no other known tRNA or ribosomal genes in its immediate vicinity.

PMID- 6373736
TI  - Thioredoxin system of the photosynthetic anaerobe Chromatium vinosum.
AB  - Chromatium vinosum, an anaerobic photosynthetic purple sulfur bacterium,
      resembles aerobic bacterial cells in that it has an NADP-thioredoxin system
      composed of a single thioredoxin which is reduced by NADPH via NADP-thioredoxin
      reductase. Both protein components were purified to homogeneity, and some of
      their properties were determined. Chromatium vinosum thioredoxin was slightly
      larger than other bacterial thioredoxins (13 versus 12 kilodaltons) but was
      similar in its specificity (ability to activate chloroplast NADP-malate
      dehydrogenase more effectively than chloroplast fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase) and
      immunological properties. As in other bacteria, Chromatium vinosum NADP
      thioredoxin reductase was an arsenite-sensitive flavoprotein composed of two 33.5
      kilodalton subunits, that required thioredoxin for the NADPH-linked reduction of
      5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). Chromatium vinosum NADP-thioredoxin
      reductase very effectively reduced several different bacterial-type thioredoxins
      (Escherichia coli, Chlorobium thiosulfatophilum (this name has not been approved
      by the International Committee of Systematic Bacteriology), Rhizobium meliloti)
      but not others (Clostridium pasteurianum, spinach chloroplast thioredoxin m). The
      results show that Chromatium vinosum contains an NADP-thioredoxin system typical
      of evolutionarily more advanced microorganisms.

PMID- 6373737
TI  - Enzymatic proof for the identity of the S-sulfocysteine synthase and cysteine
      synthase B of Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - S-Sulfocysteine synthase was isolated from Salmonella typhimurium LT-2 to
      homogeneous form with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of
      this enzyme was determined to be ca. 55,000. The enzyme consisted of two
      identically sized subunits, and it contained one pyridoxal phosphate per subunit.
      The enzyme catalyzed the biosynthesis of cysteine or S-methylcysteine from
      sulfide or methanethiol and O-acetylserine, respectively, in addition to the
      formation of S-sulfocysteine from thiosulfate and O-acetylserine. The enzyme is
      identical to cysteine synthase B. The intracellular level of this enzyme was
      regulated by lesser extents of the same factors as those effective for cysteine
      synthase A.

PMID- 6373738
TI  - Different structure-function relationships for alpha-factor-induced morphogenesis
      and agglutination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Eight synthetic analogs of the mating pheromone alpha-factor-induced
      morphogenesis and increased agglutinability in a cells. Most analogs induced
      increased agglutinability at lower concentrations than those at which they
      induced morphogenesis, but the ratio of the potencies for the two effects varied
      140-fold among different analogs. Morphological response to pheromone required
      exposure for at least 90 min, but increased agglutinability followed exposures of
      20 s. Two synthetic analogs induced neither response. In competition experiments,
      both of these analogs prevented induction of increased agglutinability and
      morphogenesis by active alpha factor. The inactive peptides blocked increased
      agglutinability at lower concentrations than those at which they blocked
      morphogenesis. alpha factors exhibited different structure-function relationships
      for morphogenesis as compared with agglutinability. Thus, response of
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae to alpha factor is complex and may be mediated by more
      than one receptor.

PMID- 6373739
TI  - Immunological analysis of the heme proteins present in aerobically grown
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Immunological methods were used to obtain information about Escherichia coli heme
      proteins. There is a membrane-bound catalase which consists of a single subunit
      (as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic
      analysis) which is also present in the soluble fraction. Antibodies raised
      against purified, soluble cytochrome b562 showed that this cytochrome is not
      related to any of the membrane-bound cytochromes, including the b562 component of
      the cytochrome o complex. Cytochrome b556 is immunologically unrelated to the
      cytochrome b556 NR associated with the nitrate reductase system. Cytochrome b556
      and cytochrome o are not present in a constant ratio in the membrane.

PMID- 6373740
TI  - Minimal requirements for rotation of bacterial flagella.
AB  - An in vitro system of cell envelopes from Salmonella typhimurium with functional
      flagella was used to determine the minimal requirements for flagellar rotation.
      Rotation in the absence of cytoplasmic constituents could be driven either by
      respiration or by an artificially imposed chemical gradient of protons. No
      specific ionic requirements other than protons (or hydroxyls) were found for the
      motor function.

PMID- 6373741
TI  - Quantities of individual aminoacyl-tRNA families and their turnover in
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - The cellular content of all 20 aminoacyl-tRNA species was determined in small
      cultures of Escherichia coli by labeling cells with 3H-amino acids and extraction
      of 3H-amino acid-labeled nucleic acid by standard procedures. Of 3H-amino acid
      labeled material, 25 to 90% was identified as 3H-aminoacyl-tRNA by the following
      criteria: sensitivity to base hydrolysis with expected kinetics; association of
      3H counts released by base treatment of the 3H-amino acid-labeled nucleic acid
      with amino acid standards upon paper chromatography of the hydrolysate; and
      changes in the amount of 3H-amino acid-labeled nucleic acid recovered from cells
      as a function of time. Individual aminoacyl-tRNA content was determined with as
      few as 8 X 10(7) to 4 X 10(8) E. coli cells. Although the total number of
      aminoacyl-tRNA molecules per cell varied only by 10 to 20% among various strains
      of E. coli, some individual aminoacyl-tRNA families varied two- to threefold
      among strains. For a given amino acid, the number of aminoacyl-tRNA molecules per
      cell in E. coli strain K38 growing with a doubling time of 60 min varied from 730
      (glutamyl-tRNA) to 7,910 (valyl-tRNA) with a mean value of 3,200. The total
      number of aminoacyl-tRNA molecules per cell (6.4 X 10(4)) in E. coli K38 was 5.5
      fold higher than the number of ribosomes and was equal to 84% of the amount of
      elongation factor Tu molecules per cell. The ratio of aminoacyl-tRNA to
      synthetase for 10 amino acids varied from about 1 to 15 with a mean value of 4.7.
      The turnover of individual aminoacyl-tRNA families in E. coli cells was estimated
      to be in the range of 1.7 to 8.1 s-1 with a mean value of 3.7 s-1. An estimate of
      minimum in vivo molecular activity of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases gives values of
      2 to 48 s-1 for individual enzymes.

PMID- 6373742
TI  - Cystathionine accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - A cysteine-dependent strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its prototrophic
      revertants accumulated cystathionine in cells. The cystathionine accumulation was
      caused by a single mutation having a high incidence of gene conversion. The
      mutation was designated cys3 and was shown to cause loss of gamma-cystathionase
      activity. Cysteine dependence of the initial strain was determined by two linked
      and interacting mutations, cys3 and cys1 . Since cys1 mutations cause a loss of
      serine acetyltransferase activity, our observation led to the conclusion that S.
      cerevisiae synthesizes cysteine by sulfhydrylation of serine with hydrogen
      sulfide and by cleavage of cystathionine which is synthesized from serine and
      homocysteine.

PMID- 6373743
TI  - Uptake and utilization of deoxynucleoside 5'-monophosphates by Mycoplasma
      mycoides subsp. mycoides.
AB  - Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides has been shown to possess an unusual capacity
      for the uptake and utilization of exogenous deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphates
      intact without prior dephosphorylation. In this study, it was found that once
      inside the cell, deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphates were rapidly
      phosphorylated to the triphosphate level and incorporated into DNA. Catabolism of
      deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphates was also observed. Competition studies
      indicated that a single uptake system with a higher affinity for
      deoxyribonucleotides mediates the uptake of nucleoside 5'-monophosphates.

PMID- 6373745
TI  - The anterior bilateral ball subperiosteal implant.

PMID- 6373744
TI  - Transverse topography of the photochemical reaction center polypeptides in the
      Rhodopseudomonas capsulata membrane.
AB  - The exposure of the three polypeptide subunits H, M, and L of the photochemical
      reaction center (RC) on both surfaces of the membrane of Rhodopseudomonas
      capsulata was studied by partial proteolysis with proteinase K and sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of of degradation products. The
      possible association of RC subunits with bacteriochlorophyll a and
      bacteriopheophytin was investigated by spectroscopical measurements.
      Chromatophores (inside-out oriented) and spheroplasts (right-side-out oriented),
      as well as purified, detergent-solubilized RCs and RCs reconstituted into
      phosphatidyl choline liposomes, were used. Subunit H of the RC was degraded to
      fragments with apparent MrS of 15,000 and 12,500, which were possibly derived
      from cleavage of a loop exposed on the cytoplasmic surface. Polypeptide M was
      digested at a comparable rate. The apparent Mr of M decreased by roughly 4,000
      upon proteolytic cleavage. Subunit L was relatively insensitive to protease
      attack, except that a small peptide was clipped off. The primary donor P870 was
      also found to be only slightly affected proteinase K. All three RC subunits
      appear to be exposed on the chromatophore surface.

PMID- 6373746
TI  - An open trial of MAO inhibitors in bulimia.
AB  - Twelve bulimic women with prominent depression and anxiety were treated with
      monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). A dramatic response was seen in 10 cases.
      The implications of this open clinical trial for the understanding and treatment
      of bulimia are discussed.

PMID- 6373747
TI  - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase of Escherichia coli. Specificity of some
      compounds as activators at the site for fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, one of the
      allosteric effectors.
AB  - An investigation was performed to elucidate some unusual phenomena which had been
      observed with phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase [EC 4.1.1.31] of Escherichia
      coli. (i) Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (Fru-1,6-P2) and GTP--the allosteric
      activators--were competitive with each other in the activation. (ii) Some analogs
      of PEP such as DL-2-phospholactate and 2-phosphoglycolate, which behaved as
      inhibitors in the presence of the activator (acetyl-CoA or dioxane), activated
      the enzyme to some extent in the absence of the activator. (iii) Ammonium sulfate
      deprived the enzyme of sensitivity to Fru-1,6-P2 or GTP but had no effect on the
      sensitivity to other effectors. It was found that the activation by the analogs
      was lost upon desensitization of the enzyme to Fru-1,6-P2 by reaction with 2,4,6
      trinitrobenzene sulfonate. The activation by the analogs was not observed in the
      presence of 200 mM ammonium sulfate. In the presence of lower concentrations (0.1
      mM) of PEP, ammonium sulfate activated the enzyme at concentrations less than 700
      mM but had an inhibitory effect on the desensitized enzyme. These findings
      suggest that the unusual phenomena described above are a result of binding of the
      phosphate esters and sulfate ions with the Fru-1,6-P2 site of the enzyme or the
      active site depending on the reaction conditions.

PMID- 6373748
TI  - Two autonomously replicating sequences near oli-1 gene of yeast mitochondrial
      DNA.
AB  - We cloned two autonomously replicating sequences from a short segment of mtDNA of
      an oligomycin-resistant petite yeast, O-111, into a vector pYleu 12 constructed
      from yeast LEU 2 gene and pBR 322. These plasmids, pYmit 4 and pYmit 1, had
      frequencies of transformation of yeast as high as that of YEp 13, having a
      replicator of 2 mu DNA. They were maintained as plasmids in yeast under selective
      conditions and shuttled from yeast to E. coli. No evidence was obtained that
      these plasmids were incompatible with the wild-type mitochondrial genome. These
      sequences were located in intergenic regions.

PMID- 6373749
TI  - Formatting scripts with computers and Extended BASIC.
AB  - A computer program, written in the language of Extended BASIC, is presented which
      enables scripts, for educational media, to be quickly written in a nearly
      unformatted style. From the resulting script file, stored on magnetic tape or
      disk, the computer program formats the script into either a storyboard , a
      presentation, or a narrator 's script. Script headings and page and paragraph
      numbers are automatic features in the word processing. Suggestions are given for
      making personal modifications to the computer program.

PMID- 6373750
TI  - Studies on the modification and processing of prolipoprotein in Escherichia coli.
      Effects of structural alterations in prolipoprotein on its maturation in wild
      type and lpp mutants.
AB  - We have previously shown that an Escherichia coli mutant ( mlpA allele)
      containing a structurally altered murein prolipoprotein due to substitution of
      Gly14 by Asp14 , is globomycin resistant. In addition, the mutant prolipoprotein
      is not modified with glyceride and consequently remains uncleaved. Spontaneous
      revertants possessing a mature lipoprotein of apparent normal structure can be
      isolated by EDTA selection. Three revertants were chosen in the present study
      which included the analysis of kinetics of lipoprotein maturation and the
      determination of globomycin sensitivity. These pseudorevertants in the lpp gene
      which could be recognized by the anomalous prolipoprotein mobility in sodium
      dodecyl sulfate gels, exhibited altered globomycin sensitivity in vivo. Our
      results indicate that alterations in prolipoprotein structure affect the kinetics
      of prolipoprotein modification and processing reactions, both in vivo and in
      vitro. Pulse-chase experiments revealed the transient existence of unmodified
      prolipoprotein and modified prolipoprotein as biosynthetic intermediates of
      mature lipoprotein. The rate of prolipoprotein modification appeared to be
      slightly faster than that of processing in the wild type cell. In contrast,
      modification of prolipoprotein was rate limiting in a pseudorevertant strain
      14R21 , and the processing of 14R21 modified prolipoprotein appeared to proceed
      more rapidly than that of wild type prolipoprotein, both in vitro and in vivo.

PMID- 6373751
TI  - Calcium efflux from Escherichia coli. Evidence for two systems.
AB  - Calcium transport into everted membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli was found to
      have two components, one phosphate-dependent and the other phosphate-independent.
      In vesicles prepared in a glycerol buffer, calcium/proton exchange was phosphate
      independent but net uptake of 45Ca2+ required phosphate. In vesicles prepared in
      a sucrose buffer both phosphate-independent and phosphate-dependent accumulation
      of 45Ca2+ occurred. Both calcium/proton exchange and phosphate-independent uptake
      of 45Ca2+ were inactivated by treatment with trypsin, chymotrypsin, or N,N'
      dicyclohexylcarbodiimide but not by N-ethylmaleimide. Phosphate-dependent uptake
      of 45Ca2+ was inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide but not by trypsin, chymotrypsin, or
      N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. Under conditions permitting only phosphate
      dependent uptake of 45Ca2+, concomitant uptake of 32Pi was also observed. Both
      uptake and efflux of the two ions occurred with a 1:1 ratio. These results imply
      the existence of two calcium transport systems in everted membrane vesicles, one
      of which catalyzes exchange of calcium ions and protons, the other of which
      catalyzes cotransport of calcium and phosphate.

PMID- 6373752
TI  - Turnover of fatty acids in the 1-position of phosphatidylethanolamine in
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Phosphatidylethanolamine is the major membrane phospholipid of Escherichia coli,
      and two experimental approaches were used to investigate the metabolic activity
      of the fatty acids occupying the 1-position of this phospholipid. [3H]Acetate
      pulse-chase experiments with logarithmically growing cells indicated that 3-5% of
      the acyl groups were removed from the phosphatidylethanolamine pool/generation.
      The reacylation aspect of the turnover cycle was demonstrated by the
      incorporation of fatty acids into the 1-position of pre-existing
      phosphatidylethanolamine when de novo phospholipid biosynthesis was inhibited
      using the plsB acyltransferase mutant. 2- Acylglycerophosphoethanolamine would be
      the intermediate in a 1-position turnover cycle, and this lysophospholipid was
      identified as a membrane component that could re-esterified by a membrane-bound
      acyltransferase. The acyltransferase either utilized acyl-acyl carrier protein
      directly as an acyl donor or activated fatty acids for acyl transfer in the
      presence of ATP and Mg2+. Acyl-acyl carrier protein was also indicated as an
      intermediate in the latter reacylation reaction by the complete inhibition of
      phosphatidylethanolamine formation from fatty acids by acyl carrier protein
      specific antibodies and by the observation that the inhibition of the
      acyltransferase by LiCl was reversed by the addition of acyl carrier protein.
      Coenzyme A thioesters were not substrates for this acyltransferase. These results
      suggest the existence of a metabolic cycle for the utilization of 1-position acyl
      moieties of phosphatidylethanolamine followed by the resynthesis of this membrane
      phospholipid from 2- acylglycerophosphoethanolamine by an acyl carrier protein
      dependent 1-position acyltransferase.

PMID- 6373753
TI  - Purification of human fibroblast urokinase proenzyme and analysis of its
      regulation by proteases and protease nexin.
AB  - Recently we presented evidence that normal human foreskin fibroblasts (HF cells)
      limit the activity of secreted urokinase by secreting it as a proenzyme and by
      secreting protease nexin , an inhibitor of urokinase and certain other serine
      proteases (Scott, R.W., Eaton, D. L. Duran , N., and Baker, J.B. (1983) J. Biol.
      Chem. 258, 4397-4403). Using immunoaffinity chromatography we have now purified
      the HF cell urokinase proenzyme. It is a single 52-kDa polypeptide chain that is
      inactive toward both plasminogen and low molecular weight substrates. After
      proteolytic activation, this material (specific activity of 3 X 10(4) Committee
      on Thrombolytic Agents units/mg) is composed of two disulfide-bridged 33- and 19
      kDa chains, and is thus similar to the predominant form of urokinase found in
      urine. Plasmin at 2 X 10(-10) M causes 50% activation of the proenzyme (1 X 10(
      9) M) in 30 min at 37 degrees C. Thrombin and trypsin are one-twentieth as
      effective as plasmin. Activated HF cell 125I-urokinase forms sodium dodecyl
      sulfate stable complexes with purified protease nexin or protease nexin present
      in medium conditioned by HF cells. Purified protease nexin inhibits purified HF
      cell urokinase action on both plasminogen and low molecular weight substrates.
      The association rate constant for the reaction between protease nexin and HF cell
      urokinase is approximately 1.7 X 10(5) M-1 S-1. In contrast, the association rate
      constants for reactions between protease nexin and the one- and two-chain forms
      of tissue-type plasminogen activator are approximately 2 X 10(3) and
      approximately 3 X 10(4) M-1 S-1, respectively. The importance of protease nexin
      as a regulator of HF cell urokinase is supported by the finding that anti
      protease nexin antibody potentiates the fibrinolytic activity of HF cell
      conditioned medium incubated with plasminogen.

PMID- 6373754
TI  - Inhibition of intracellular proteolysis in muscle cultures by multiplication
      stimulating activity. Comparison of effects of multiplication-stimulating
      activity and insulin on proteolysis, protein synthesis, amino acid uptake, and
      sugar transport.
AB  - The effects of the insulin-like growth factor, multiplication-stimulating
      activity (MSA), on chick myotube cultures were investigated. In serum-free media,
      MSA at levels reported to be present in fetal serum (5 ng/ml) significantly
      inhibited overall rates of protein degradation and stimulated protein synthesis
      and amino acid uptake. Half-maximal effects on protein degradation (-30%),
      synthesis (+25%), and amino acid uptake (+50%) occurred at approximately 0.05
      micrograms/ml. In contrast, 10(2)-10(3)-fold higher concentrations (5
      micrograms/ml) were required to stimulate transport of the glucose analog 2
      deoxyglucose. The results indicate that MSA is an effective anabolic agent
      regulating protein metabolism and amino acid uptake, but not sugar transport in
      these cells. Parallel studies conducted with insulin demonstrated similar size
      effects on protein metabolism and amino acid uptake in serum-free media. However,
      unlike MSA, insulin levels (10(-2) units/ml) well in excess of its normal
      physiological range were required to produce significant effects. In addition,
      the relative sensitivity of sugar transport with respect to protein metabolic
      effects differed for insulin and MSA. Thus, 2-deoxyglucose transport was
      approximately 10 times more sensitive to insulin than protein synthesis,
      proteolysis, or amino acid uptake in contrast to MSA where the reverse was true.
      However, despite the relatively higher sensitivity of sugar transport to insulin,
      supraphysiological levels (10(-3) units/ml) of this hormone were still required
      for significant stimulation. These results suggest a generally low insulin
      sensitivity in cultured chick myotubes relative to adult tissues. In contrast,
      the effects of MSA are consistent with a possible role of this or similar factors
      in regulating growth and development of embryonic muscle.

PMID- 6373755
TI  - Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase from the archaebacterium Methanosarcina barkeri.
AB  - Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase from the archaebacterium Methanosarcina barkeri was
      purified 1620-fold with 24% overall yield. It appears to be a tetrameric enzyme
      with a molecular mass of 270 kDa, as determined by gel filtration, with a subunit
      structure of alpha 2 beta 2 (alpha = 63 kDa, beta = 70 kDa), as determined by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. No conservation of common antigenic
      determinants is noted with polyclonal antibodies raised against the enzymes of
      Escherichia coli, yeast, and hen liver. Heterologous aminoacylation of tRNA with
      high selectivity for archaebacterial tRNA and substrate properties of ATP
      analogues reveals a unique pattern, reflecting the supposed genealogical
      difference between the urkingdoms of archaebacteria, eubacteria, and eukaryotes.

PMID- 6373756
TI  - Evidence that transient glucosylation of protein-linked Man9GlcNAc2, Man8GlcNAc2,
      and Man7GlcNAc2 occurs in rat liver and Phaseolus vulgaris cells.
AB  - Formation of protein-linked Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 , Glc1Man8GlcNAc2 , and
      Glc1Man7GlcNAc2 was detected in rat liver slices and Phaseolus vulgaris seeds
      incubated with [U-14C]glucose. Similar compounds were not synthesized in
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells incubated under similar conditions. Rat liver
      microsomes were incubated with [glucose-U-14C] Glc3Man9GlcNAc2-P-P-dolichol or
      UDP-[U-14C]Glc as glycosyl donors. Only in the latter condition protein-linked
      Glc1Man8GlcNAc2 and Glc1Man7GlcNAc2 were formed. Addition of
      mannooligosaccharides that strongly inhibited alpha 1-2-mannosidases to
      incubation mixtures containing rat liver microsomes and UDP-[U-14C]Glc did not
      prevent formation of protein-bound Glc1Man8GlcNAc2 and Glc1Man7GlcNAc2 .
      Furthermore, the presence of amphomycin in reaction mixtures containing liver
      membranes and UDP-[U-14C]Glc completely abolished synthesis of glucosylated
      derivatives of dolichol without affecting formation of protein-linked
      Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 , Glc1Man8GlcNAc2 , and Glc1Man7GlcNAc2 . The results reported
      above indicated that under the experimental conditions employed protein-bound
      Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 , Glc1Man8GlcNAc2 , and Glc1Man7GlcNAc2 were formed by
      glucosylation of unglucosylated oligosaccharides. Results obtained in pulse-chase
      experiments performed in vitro also supported this conclusion. UDP-Glc appeared
      to be the donor of the glucosyl residues. The rough endoplasmic reticulum was
      found to be the main subcellular site of protein glucosylation. It is tentatively
      suggested that this process could prevent extensive degradation of
      oligosaccharides by mannosidases during transit of glycoproteins through the
      endoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 6373757
TI  - Primary culture of isolated adipocytes. A new model to study insulin receptor
      regulation and insulin action.
AB  - The mechanism by which insulin regulates cell surface insulin receptors was
      examined in primary cultured rat adipocytes. When cells were incubated in insulin
      free medium, specific 125I-insulin binding progressively increased over 3-4 days
      followed by a plateau of binding. Insulin prevented up-regulation at low doses (1
      ng/ml), while higher doses (5-25 ng/ml) resulted in a net loss of surface
      receptors. A lag period of 4-6 h preceded insulin-induced changes in receptor
      number, and such a lag was seen prior to the inhibitory effect of insulin on the
      insertion of nascent receptors into the plasma membrane. Regulation of surface
      receptors continued after the removal of insulin, consistent with the idea that
      insulin generates a signal which can sustain receptor regulation in the absence
      of ligand. Thus, a 1-h insulin pulse (100 ng/ml) was sufficient to block up
      regulation, whereas longer exposure times (4-12 h) produced a net loss of surface
      receptors. When cells were exposed to insulin for a fixed time (5 h), subsequent
      receptor loss was insulin dose-dependent. Thus, the net number of cell surface
      insulin receptors is determined by both insulin concentration and the duration of
      insulin exposure. Time course studies after a 12-h insulin pulse revealed a
      progressive loss of surface receptors for up to 36 h. At later times receptor
      number returned toward control values, thus demonstrating that triggering of
      receptor regulation is reversible. To determine whether insulin-induced down
      regulation was mediated by receptor loss, or by receptor translocation to an
      intracellular site, we measured receptor distribution (cell surface and
      intracellular pools) in control and 72-h insulin-treated adipocytes. These data
      revealed that down-regulation was mediated by a net loss of receptors rather than
      by receptor redistribution. An early biological response of adipocytes to insulin
      is rapid endocytosis of insulin-receptor complexes, and we found that insulin
      plays an important role in regulating this endocytotic uptake rate. Thus,
      compared to freshly isolated cells, adipocytes cultured for 72 h in insulin-free
      medium had an enhanced ability to internalize both insulin and insulin receptors,
      whereas cells chronically treated with insulin endocytosed insulin-receptor
      complexes at a much slower rate. These data are interpreted as an insulin
      mediated change in one of the cellular responses of adipocytes to the biological
      action of insulin.

PMID- 6373758
TI  - Mouse antibodies to the insulin receptor developing spontaneously as anti
      idiotypes. I. Characterization of the antibodies.
AB  - Mice immunized to ungulate insulins were found to develop antibodies of two
      specificities: insulin antibodies that were mostly IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies that
      acted both as anti-idiotypes to specific mouse insulin antibodies and as
      antibodies to the insulin receptor. There was a negative association between the
      presence of anti-idiotypic receptor antibodies and insulin antibodies bearing the
      specific idiotype; the specific idiotypic antibodies were confined to the early
      phase of the primary response while the anti-idiotypic receptor antibodies were
      detected only after the idiotypic antibodies had disappeared. To map the insulin
      epitope that triggered the specific idiotypic response, we chemically altered the
      insulin molecule so as to inhibit its interaction with the insulin receptor. The
      altered insulins triggered high titers of antibodies binding to antigenic
      determinants on native insulin, but no anti-idiotypic receptor antibodies. Thus,
      the epitope responsible for the specific idiotypic-anti-idiotypic network was
      probably the part of the insulin molecule whose conformation is recognized by the
      insulin receptor.

PMID- 6373759
TI  - Mistranslation of the mRNA encoding bacteriophage T7 0.3 protein.
AB  - We have devised an experimental system using the T7 phage 0.3 protein to
      accurately quantitate in vivo errors in protein synthesis. The 0.3 protein is
      well suited for mistranslation studies because it is easy to purify, its precise
      amino acid and RNA sequences are known, and it contains no cysteine. Utilizing
      [35S]cysteine as a precursor we found an average of 1 cysteine residue
      misincorporated for every 43.5 molecules of 0.3 protein synthesized. Since there
      are 116 amino acids in 0.3 protein, 1 cysteine residue was misincorporated /5000
      codons translated. If all 20 amino acids were misincorporated at the same
      frequency, the overall frequency of misincorporation of amino acids into 0.3
      protein would be 4 X 10(-3)/codon translated. Parallel experiments measuring
      [35S]methionine incorporation into 0.3 protein supported the accuracy of our
      findings for cysteine misincorporation. We found an average of 5.7 methionine
      residues incorporated/molecule of 0.3 protein synthesized; the actual number from
      sequence data is known to be 6. Antibiotics which stimulate mistranslation
      (gentamicin and streptomycin) caused a modest increase in the number of cysteine
      residues misincorporated into 0.3 protein. The use of Escherichia coli strains,
      identical except for mutations in ribosomal protein genes known to affect the
      fidelity of translation, supported the contention that the errors being
      quantitated were mainly due to mistranslation rather than mistranscription .

PMID- 6373760
TI  - Metabolism of photoaffinity-labeled insulin receptors by adipocytes. Role of
      internalization, degradation, and recycling.
AB  - Insulin receptors on isolated rat adipocytes were photoaffinity-labeled with a
      biologically active photo-derivative of insulin (iodinated B2 (2-nitro-4
      azidophenylacetyl)-des- PheB1 -insulin) in order to study the metabolism of
      surface receptors after binding insulin. Adipocytes were incubated with iodinated
      B2 (2-nitro-4-azidophenylacetyl)-des- PheB1 -insulin (40 ng/ml) at 16 degrees C
      until specific binding reached equilibrium, subjected to photolysis, and then
      incubated at 37 degrees C to follow the metabolism of the covalent insulin
      receptor complexes. Susceptibility of labeled insulin receptors to tryptic
      digestion was used to distinguish between receptors on the cell surface and those
      inside the cell. Following incubation of photoaffinity-labeled adipocytes at 37
      degrees C, there was an initial rapid loss of insulin receptors from the cell
      surface. The internalization of insulin receptors occurred at a significantly
      faster rate than the loss of receptors from the cell, resulting in an
      accumulation of intracellular receptors. The proportion of surface-derived
      receptors inside the cell reached an apparent steady state after 30 min and
      represented about 20% of the labeled receptors originally on the cell surface.
      Chloroquine had no effect on the internalization of insulin receptors but
      inhibited their degradation. Cycloheximide inhibited both internalization and
      degradation of insulin receptors. After 60 min at 37 degrees C, the disappearance
      of insulin receptors from the cell surface slowed markedly and the overall loss
      of insulin receptors from the cell was minimal. If chloroquine was added at this
      time, there was a marked increase in the loss of receptors from the cell surface
      with a concomitant 2-fold increase in the intracellular pool of surface-derived
      receptors. From these observations, we conclude that 1) internalization is not
      rate-limiting in insulin receptor degradation, 2) chloroquine has no effect on
      the internalization of insulin receptors but inhibits the intracellular
      degradation of receptors, 3) cycloheximide interferes with both the
      internalization and degradation of insulin receptors, and 4) the plateau in the
      loss of labeled receptors from the cell surface after 60 min at 37 degrees C
      could be due to a new steady state balance between internalization and recycling
      of photoaffinity-labeled receptors.

PMID- 6373761
TI  - The binding site for ribosomal protein complex L8 within 23 s ribosomal RNA of
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - The ribosomal protein complex L8 of Escherichia coli consists of two dimers of
      protein L7/L12 and one monomer of protein L10. This pentameric complex and
      ribosomal protein L11 bind in mutually cooperative fashion to 23 S rRNA and
      protect specific fragments of the latter from digestion with ribonuclease T1.
      Oligonucleotides protected either by the L8 complex alone or by the complex plus
      protein L11 were isolated from such digests and shown to rebind specifically to
      these proteins. They were also subjected to nucleotide sequence analysis. The
      longest oligonucleotide, protected by the L8 complex alone, consisted of residues
      1028-1124 of 23 S rRNA and included all the other RNA fragments produced in this
      study. Previously, protein L11 had been shown to protect residues 1052-1112 of 23
      S rRNA. It is concluded that the binding sites for the L8 protein complex and for
      protein L11 are immediately adjacent within 23 S rRNA of E. coli.

PMID- 6373762
TI  - Cruciform transitions in DNA.
AB  - The rates of transition between the cruciform and linear conformations of a
      perfectly inverted repeated lac operator DNA sequence have been measured using a
      trimethylpsoralen intrastrand cross-linking assay. The rate and extent of the
      linear to cruciform transition were dependent on temperature and on the
      superhelical density of the DNA. Apparent half-lives for this transition were
      between 4-9 min at 37 degrees C for supercoiled DNAs as isolated from cells. The
      half-life for the cruciform to linear transition in relaxed DNA was about 30 s at
      37 degrees C. Mg2+ stabilized both conformations but stabilized the linear form
      to a greater degree than the cruciform. The rates of transition were temperature
      dependent suggesting enthalpies of activation of 26.3 kcal mol-1 for the
      cruciform to linear transition and 33.4 kcal mol-1 for the linear to cruciform
      transition. The rate of the linear to cruciform transition was slower at 50 than
      37 degrees C. Heating above 70 degrees C resulted in the loss of the cruciform
      structure.

PMID- 6373763
TI  - Insulin-receptor interactions. Presence of a positive cooperative effect.
AB  - Competitive binding curves for 125I-insulin on a cultured rat hepatoma, H4-II-E
      C'3, indicated that low competitive insulin concentrations increased label
      binding. This upward deflection of the binding curve or "hook effect" occurred at
      physiological concentrations of insulin. Lectins capable of mimicking insulin
      also stimulated insulin binding on whole cells, membranes, and solubilized
      receptors, apparently by increasing the affinity of the receptor for the hormone.
      An anti-receptor antibody and derived FAB fragments also elicited a similar
      increase in insulin binding affinity. At insulin levels below 10 ng/ml, the
      binding curves exhibited sigmoidicity consistent with positive cooperativity.
      This property appears to be intrinsic to the receptor and may be due to its
      oligomeric structure.

PMID- 6373764
TI  - Cartilage-degrading neutral proteinase secreted by Yoshida sarcoma cells.
      Purification and properties.
AB  - The Yoshida sarcoma, a malignant rat tumor, has been reported by Machinami (
      Machinami , R. (1972) Acta Pathol. JPN 22, 19-39) to destroy cartilage matrix in
      vivo. We have characterized an enzyme secreted by Yoshida sarcoma cells in
      culture which degrades cartilage proteoglycan in solution and also in situ in
      organ culture ( Mikuni - Takagaki , Y., and Gross, J. (1981) in Proceedings of
      the 6th International Symposium on Glycoconjugates ( Yamakawa , T., Osawa , T.,
      Handa , S., eds) pp. 491-492, Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo) ( Mikuni -
      Takagaki , Y., and Gross, J. (1982) in The Extracellular Matrix ( Hawkes , S.,
      and Wang, J.L., eds) pp. 379-385, Academic Press, New York). In this report we
      characterized the isolated enzyme with the help of a new assay system for
      measurement of proteoglycan core protein degradation, which utilizes aminopropyl
      glass beads derivatized with hyaluronic acid. This enzyme, with a neutral pH
      optimum and apparent molecular weight of about 30,000, is secreted into culture
      medium in an active form. It is resistant to cartilage-derived inhibitors and to
      alpha 2-macroglobulin as well as to synthetic and natural inhibitors of serine-,
      thiol- and carboxylproteinases . It is inhibited by a chelating agent, 1,10
      phenanthroline and thiol compounds at relatively high concentrations, and
      therefore is probably a metalloproteinase. The enzyme degrades type V collagen,
      types I and II denatured collagen (gelatin), and casein in addition to cartilage
      proteoglycan, but not bovine serum albumin, myoglobin, fibrinogen, elastin or
      native collagen types I, II, III, and IV. These findings suggest that the Yoshida
      sarcoma may degrade cartilage matrix in vivo by means of a secreted, active,
      inhibitor-resistant enzyme.

PMID- 6373765
TI  - Elementary steps in the reaction mechanism of chicken liver fatty acid synthase.
      pH dependence of NADPH binding and isotope rate effect for beta-ketoacyl
      reductase.
AB  - The stopped flow method has been used to determine the pH dependence of the
      kinetics of the binding of NADPH to chicken liver fatty acid synthase over the pH
      range 6.0-8.5. The kinetics is consistent with a one-step binding mechanism, and
      the pH dependence of the second order rate constant indicates that an ionizable
      group either on the enzyme or on NADPH with a pK alpha of 6.1 is of importance in
      the binding process. The isotope rate effects have been determined for the steady
      state reaction with (S)- and (R)-[4-2H] NADPH as substrates and are very small.
      The pH dependence of the rate constant characterizing the reduction of
      acetoacetyl by NADPH on the enzyme (beta-ketoacyl reductase) and the isotope rate
      effects on this constant with (S)-[4-2H]NADPH as substrate also have been
      measured with the stopped flow method. A small pH-dependent isotope rate effect
      is found; these results suggest hydride transfer is not rate limiting for the
      beta-ketoacyl reductase reaction on the enzyme surface. The pH dependence of this
      rate constant is bell shaped and is very similar to that of the turnover number
      for the overall reaction; this suggests that the beta-ketoacyl reductase reaction
      may be partially rate limiting for the overall reaction when the enzyme is
      saturated with substrates.

PMID- 6373766
TI  - Promoter helical structure variation at the Escherichia coli polymerase
      interaction sites.
AB  - There is evidence that the Escherichia coli polymerase recognizes and binds to
      three sites on the promoter DNA: the -10, -35, and -16 regions. Sequence homology
      was noted among the -10 sites (Pribnow box) and among the -35s with consensus
      sequences, TATAAT and TTGACA , respectively. Weak nucleotide sequence homology
      was detected at -16. Since the polymerase recognizes these sites in a multitude
      of promoters, one expects similarities in the three-dimensional structures. To
      date, no data directly bearing on such structures exist. Recently, Calladine (
      Calladine , C.R. (1982) J. Mol. Biol. 161, 343-352) and, subsequently, Dickerson
      ( Dickerson , R.E. (1983) J. Mol. Biol. 166, 419-441) suggested "rules" for
      doublestranded DNA structures which were tested against data from several known
      crystals. Using these rules, I compare the deviations from "ideal" B-DNA of the
      twist angles, base pair roll, sideways shift, and propeller suppression in 56
      promoters at the three sites. I also appended to these the twist angle
      computations on additional 77 promoters from the recently published compilation
      of promoter sequences. For the latter, additional nucleotides from the spacer
      regions were added. The results display similarities at the -10 site. Equally
      strong similarities were obtained for the -35 and the -16 contact regions. The
      existence of structural differences for some sites is likely to account for the
      different degrees of efficiency of the polymerase recognition and transcriptional
      regulation.

PMID- 6373767
TI  - Evidence for participation of a multiprotein complex in yeast DNA replication in
      vitro.
AB  - Fractions containing a high molecular weight form (Mr approximately equal to 2 X
      10(6] of the activity that replicates in vitro both the 2-micron yeast DNA
      plasmid and the chromosomal autonomously replicating sequence ars 1 can be
      prepared from cells of the budding yeast Saccharomyces. Protein complexes from
      the fractions associate in vitro with the replication origins of these DNA
      elements, as determined by electron microscopy. In the present study, the high
      molecular weight replicative fraction has been characterized in further detail.
      The DNA synthetic activity in the high molecular weight fraction was bound to the
      DNA and could be isolated with it. This binding of the replicating activity to
      the DNA was greatly reduced in the absence of the 2-micron origins of
      replication. Association of the protein complexes with DNA depended on the amount
      of replicating activity added, was sensitive to 0.2 M KCl, and exhibited a
      requirement for rATP and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. It was not blocked,
      however, by the DNA polymerase inhibitor aphidicolin or by the RNA polymerase
      inhibitor alpha-amanitin. The lack of inhibition by aphidicolin suggests that the
      deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates may function as cofactors in the binding of
      protein complexes to DNA or as substrates for a polymerizing activity such as a
      primase. Binding of the protein complexes as well as actual DNA replication were
      heat sensitive in the high molecular weight fraction prepared from the
      temperature-sensitive mutant of the cell division cycle cdc 8. This suggests that
      the cdc 8 gene product is present in a replicative protein complex and
      strengthens the conclusion that the presence of the protein complexes on the DNA
      is associated with replication. Using independent enzyme assays, several other
      possible replication proteins (including DNA polymerase I, DNA ligase, DNA
      primase, and DNA topoisomerase II) have been identified directly in the high
      molecular weight replicative fraction. All of these results provide support for
      the idea that a protein complex (or replisome ) is involved in the replication of
      both the extrachromosomal 2-micron DNA and chromosomal DNA in yeast.

PMID- 6373768
TI  - Effects of insulin and protein synthesis inhibitors on phospholipid metabolism,
      diacylglycerol levels, and pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in BC3H-1 cultured
      myocytes.
AB  - BC3H-1 myocytes were cultured with 32PO4 for 3 days to label phospholipids to
      constant specific activity. Subsequent treatment with physiological
      concentrations of insulin provoked 40-70% increases in 32PO4 levels (reflecting
      increases in mass) in phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol, and
      polyphosphoinositides, and, lesser, 20-25% increases in phosphatidylserine and
      the combined chromatographic area containing phosphatidylethanolamine plus
      phosphatidylcholine plus phosphatidylcholine. Insulin-induced increases in
      phospholipids were significant within 5 min and near-maximal at 15-30 min.
      Comparable rapid insulin-induced increases in [3H]phosphatidylinositol were
      observed in myocytes prelabeled with [3H]inositol. These insulin effects (as per
      prolonged pulse-chase experiments) were due to increase phospholipid synthesis
      rather than decreased phospholipid degradation. Cycloheximide (and puromycin)
      pretreatment prevented insulin-induced increases in phospholipids and rapidly
      reversed ongoing insulin effects on phospholipids and pyruvate dehydrogenase
      activity. Insulin also rapidly increased diacylglycerol levels. These findings
      suggest that: (a) insulin provokes rapid increases in de novo synthesis of
      phosphatidic acid and its derivatives, e.g. phosphoinositides and diacylglycerol;
      (b) protein synthesis inhibitors diminish phospholipid levels in insulin-treated
      (but not control) tissues by increasing phospholipid degradation
      (?phospholipase(s) activation); and (c) changes in phospholipids and
      diacylglycerol may be important for changes in pyruvate dehydrogenase and other
      enzymatic activities during treatment with insulin and/or protein synthesis
      inhibitors.

PMID- 6373769
TI  - Structural differences in the subfragment 1 and rod portions of myosin isozymes
      from adult and developing rat skeletal muscles.
AB  - During development of fast contracting skeletal muscle in the rat hindleg,
      embryonic and neonatal forms of the myosin heavy chain are present prior to the
      accumulation of the adult fast type ( Whalen , R. G., Sell, S. M., Butler-Browne,
      G.S., Schwartz, K., Bouveret, P., and Pinset -H arstr om, I. (1981) Nature
      (Lond.) 292, 805-809). Polypeptide mapping of the heavy chain subunit using
      partial proteolysis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate has shown
      differences in the cleavage patterns for these various heavy chains. Using this
      technique, we have now examined subfragments, which represent functional domains,
      from several different myosin isozymes. The heavy chains of the S-1 subfragments
      containing either light chain 1 or light chain 3 are indistinguishable for the
      neonatal or fast myosin isozymes. We also isolated the S-1 fragments and the
      alpha-helical COOH-terminal half of the molecule (rod) from rat embryonic,
      neonatal, and adult fast and slow myosin, as well as myosin from cardiac
      ventricles. All of these S-1 and rod fragments were different, indicating that
      the previously reported differences among these different myosin heavy chain
      isozymes are located in both the S-1 and rod subfragments for all myosins
      examined. However, the polypeptide maps of neonatal and adult fast S-1 show clear
      similarities, as do the maps of slow and cardiac S-1. These similarities in the
      two pairs of polypeptide maps were confirmed by the results of immunoblotting
      experiments using antibodies to adult fast and to slow myosin.

PMID- 6373770
TI  - Cysteines in the transmembrane region of major histocompatibility complex
      antigens are fatty acylated via thioester bonds.
AB  - Exogenous radioactive palmitic acid is incorporated post-translationally into the
      HLA-B and -DR heavy chains, but not HLA-A heavy chains or -DR light chains of the
      human B lymphoblastoid cells JY and T51 . Protease digestions localize the label
      to the transmembrane region of the B7 heavy chain. Both B7 and DR heavy chains
      have a cysteine in the transmembrane hydrophobic region, while the A2 heavy chain
      and DR light chains have none. Palmitic acid is covalently linked to these
      transmembrane cysteines via a thioester bond since: 1) the label is not removed
      by organic extraction or boiling in sodium dodecyl sulfate and dithiothreitol,
      but is released at room temperature by methanolic KOH as methyl palmitate, and by
      hydroxylamine as palmitohydroxamate . 2) The pH sensitivity and kinetics of
      release by hydroxylamine and Tris are similar to those of palmitoyl-CoA
      (thioester linkage) and unlike those of methyl palmitate and
      palmitoyllysophosphatidylcholine ( hydroxyester linkages). 3) Neutral
      hydroxylamine treatment (but not neutral Tris treatment) generates sites that can
      be reduced and alkylated in the transmembrane region of B7 heavy chain and to a
      lesser extent in DR heavy chain. 4) Organic extraction of pronase digests of
      labeled B7 yields peptides containing palmitate and cysteine (but not serine or
      threonine) which co-migrate by thin layer chromatography. A population of beta 2
      microglobulin molecules not associated with heavy chains is palmitylated , but
      not via a thioester linkage.

PMID- 6373771
TI  - The NH2-terminal domain of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein L11. Its three
      dimensional location and its role in the binding of release factors 1 and 2.
AB  - Ribosomes from three previously described mutants of Escherichia coli lacking L11
      ( AM68 , AM76 , and AM77 ) supported in vitro termination with release factor 1
      very poorly, but with release factor 2 had a severalfold elevation in activity
      for this function compared with ribosomes from a control strain or from a mutant
      containing unmethylated L11. L11 exerts its effect on the binding of the factors
      into a functional ribosomal complex with the termination codon. Reconstitution of
      L11 back into the L11-lacking ribosomes restored them to the control phenotype.
      The NH2-terminal part of L11 (amino acids 1-64) seems critical in modulating
      release factor binding. This part of L11 has been localized with the use of
      fragment-specific antibodies on the three-dimensional model of the 50 S subunit
      in the region from where the L7/L12 stalk originates. IgG antibodies from an
      antiserum specific for this fragment but not a middle fragment of L11 (amino
      acids 65-102) strongly inhibited in vitro termination. The activities of the two
      factors were inhibited differentially by several anti-L11 preparations
      recognizing antigenic determinants in the NH2-terminal part of L11. In all but
      one case, release factor 1 was more sensitive. These studies indicate that there
      are significant differences in the binding domains for the two release factors
      which are affected by the NH2-terminal part of L11.

PMID- 6373772
TI  - Electromagnetic stimulation of canine bone grafts.
AB  - We evaluated the use of pulsed electromagnetic-field stimulation to affect the
      rate of healing or incorporation of segmental autogenous cortical bone grafts in
      the dog in vivo. This non-invasive method of electrical stimulation has been
      implicated in increasing bone osteogenesis or augmentation of the repair process
      in the canine fibular osteotomy. We utilized two-month and six-month stimulation
      protocols. At six months, all of the animals were evaluated biomechanically using
      rapid-loading torsional testing. Histological evaluation using tetracycline
      labeling was used to evaluate cumulative new-bone formation and porosity, while
      graft-host time to union was evaluated roentgenographically every two weeks.
      Recent reports have implied that particular pulse configurations might be
      effective in improving graft revascularization and incorporation. The results of
      our investigation indicated that there was no significant effect on the
      biomechanical strength, histological presentation, or time to union with either
      two months or six months of pulsed electromagnetic-field stimulation using the
      particular waveform described.

PMID- 6373773
TI  - The natural history of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis.
AB  - We performed a prospective roentgenographic study to determine the incidence of
      spondylolysis, spondylolisthesis, or both, in 500 unselected first-grade children
      from 1955 through 1957. The families of the children with spondylolysis were
      followed in a similar manner. The incidence of spondylolysis at the age of six
      years was 4.4 per cent and increased to 6 per cent in adulthood. The degree of
      spondylolisthesis was as much as 28 per cent, and progression of the olisthesis
      was unusual. The data support the hypothesis that the spondylolytic defect is the
      result of a defect in the cartilaginous anlage of a vertebra. There is a
      hereditary pre-disposition to the defect and a strong association with spina
      bifida occulta. Progression of a slip was unlikely after adolescence and the slip
      was never symptomatic in the population that we studied.

PMID- 6373774
TI  - Fundamentals of statistics for orthopaedists: Part II.

PMID- 6373775
TI  - Anaphylactic reactions following intradiscal injection of chymopapain under local
      anesthesia.

PMID- 6373776
TI  - Chymopapain in intradiscal therapy.

PMID- 6373777
TI  - Valgus deformity of the ankle in children with spina bifida aperta.
AB  - Valgus deformity of the hindfoot can occur at the subtalar joint, the ankle
      joint, or at both sites. In children suffering from spina bifida, the ankle is
      often the main site of deformity. Thirty-five ankles with valgus deformity of the
      hindfoot were studied in 23 children with spina bifida. A radiological triad was
      observed in all patients: shortening of the fibula, lateral wedging of the distal
      tibial epiphysis, and lateral tilt of the talus at the ankle mortise . There was
      a definite correlation between the severity of wedging and the degree of talar
      tilt, and a fair correlation between the severity of wedging and the extent of
      fibular shortening. The results of operation in 12 feet are presented. It is
      concluded that any operations performed below the ankle on these patients
      (subtalar fusion or triple arthrodesis) is unlikely to succeed; the deformity
      needs to be corrected above the ankle (by epiphysiodesis or supramalleolar
      osteotomy). Radiological assessment of the ankle by taking weight-bearing films
      in the anteroposterior plane is essential to determine the true extent of the
      deformity before undertaking any operation.

PMID- 6373778
TI  - The wrist.

PMID- 6373779
TI  - The effects of chemonucleolysis as demonstrated by computerised tomography.
AB  - Computerised tomography (CT) was performed in 30 patients with herniated lumbar
      discs; this was done both before chemonucleolysis and three months after. In 20
      of the 28 patients who were CT positive, the compression produced by the
      herniated disc was eliminated or reduced. Twenty-three of the 28 patients
      developed diffuse bulging of the annulus. There was good correlation between the
      clinical results at three months and the alteration in compression as shown by
      the CT scan. No evidence of alteration in the bony relationship was seen in the
      scan and none of the patients developed epidural fibrosis. Chemonucleolysis has
      thus been shown to be an effective treatment of herniated lumbar discs, but it is
      definitely not indicated in cases where compression of the nerve root or dural
      sac is due to a bulging annulus.

PMID- 6373780
TI  - Surgical treatment of renal artery occlusive disease: long term results.
AB  - 68 patients were operated on for renal artery occlusive disease. After a mean
      follow-up of 61 months renovascular hypertension was cured or markedly improved
      in 79.2%. The results depended mostly on the duration of preexisting hypertension
      and on the histology of the renal artery lesion. Forty-four months after surgery,
      37 reconstructions were examined by angiography. Mostly digital subtraction
      technique was used. Total occlusion rate was 24%. Patency rates of autogenous
      vein bypass grafts were similar to prosthetic grafts. It is concluded that
      prosthetic grafts like PTFE are a reasonable alternative in aortorenal bypass
      procedures.

PMID- 6373781
TI  - Presence of an extensive clathrin coat on the apical plasmalemma of the rat
      kidney proximal tubule cell.
AB  - The nature of the cytoplasmic coat present on the apical invaginations of the
      kidney proximal tubule cell was investigated by immuneoverlay and
      immunocytochemistry of renal brush borders with anticlathrin antibodies. When
      kidney cortex was prepared for electron microscopy using methods that enhance
      visualization of clathrin coats, the apical invaginations at the base of the
      brush border microvilli were seen to be backed by a nearly continuous coating
      which resembles but is more extensive than the lattice-like clathrin coats found
      around brain coated vesicles. When isolated brush border fractions were prepared
      under conditions that preserve the coats, separated by SDS PAGE, and transferred
      to nitrocellulose, the presence of clathrin heavy and light chains was detected
      by immuneoverlay using two different affinity-purified anticlathrin IgGs--one
      that we prepared, which detects only the clathrin light chains, and the other,
      prepared by Louvard et al. ( Louvard , D., C. Morris, G. Warren, K. Stanley, F.
      Winkler , and H. Reggio , 1983, EMBO [Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.] J., 2:1655-1664),
      which detects both the heavy and light chains. As viewed by light microscopy
      (immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase), staining with both anticlathrins was
      concentrated at the base of the proximal tubule microvilli. Immunoelectron
      microscopic localizations carried out on brush border fractions (using peroxidase
      and gold conjugates) demonstrated specific binding of anticlathrin IgGs to the
      lattice-like cytoplasmic coat. When brush border fractions were reacted with
      monoclonal antibodies prepared against gp330 and maltase, proteins that serve as
      markers for the membrane of the apical invaginations and microvilli, respectively
      ( Kerjaschki , D., L. Noronha - Blob , B. Sacktor , and M. G. Farquhar , 1984, J.
      Cell Biol., 98:1505-1513), the two proteins retained their restrictive
      distribution in the brush border. The findings demonstrate (a) that the
      cytoplasmic coat of the proximal tubule intermicrovillar apical invaginations is
      composed of clathrin heavy and light chains, and (b) that the differential
      distribution of proteins in these two brush border microdomains is maintained in
      appropriately prepared brush border fractions.

PMID- 6373782
TI  - Recognition and invasion of human erythrocytes by malarial parasites:
      contribution of sialoglycoproteins to attachment and host specificity.
AB  - The receptivity of human erythrocytes to invasion by Plasmodium falciparum
      merozoites can be decreased by neuraminidase or trypsin treatment, an observation
      that supports a role for the erythrocyte sialoglycoproteins (glycophorins) in
      invasion. We have found that alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), added to in vitro
      cultures, can restore invasion of enzyme-treated human erythrocytes. AGP is
      structurally different from the glycophorins although it does carry 12% sialic
      acid. Its ability to restore receptivity to desialylated cells is dependent on
      its sialic acid complement, its concentration, and its binding to the erythrocyte
      surface. We present evidence that AGP forms a bridge between the merozoite and
      the enzyme-treated erythrocyte that allows the stronger and more complex
      interactions of invasion to proceed. We suggest that the glycophorins play the
      same role on the surface of the intact erythrocyte.

PMID- 6373783
TI  - Immunocytochemical studies on the localization of plasma and of cellular retinol
      binding proteins and of transthyretin (prealbumin) in rat liver and kidney.
AB  - The immunocytochemical localization of cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP),
      of plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP), and of plasma transthyretin (TTR) was
      studied in rat liver and kidney. The studies employed normal rats, retinol
      deficient rats, and rats fed excess retinol. Antisera were prepared in rabbits
      against purified rat CRBP, RBP, and TTR. The primary antibodies and goat anti
      rabbit IgG were purified by immunosorbent affinity chromatography, using the
      respective pure antigen coupled to Sepharose as the immunosorbent. This procedure
      effectively removed cross-reactive and heterophile antibodies, which permitted
      the specific staining and localization of each antigen by the unlabeled
      peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. CRBP was found to be localized in two cell
      types in the liver, the parenchymal cells and the fat-storing cells. Diffuse
      cytoplasmic staining for CRBP was seen in all the parenchymal cells. Much more
      intense staining for CRBP was seen in the fat-storing cells. The prominence of
      the CRBP-positive fat-storing cells changed markedly with vitamin A status. Thus,
      these cells were most prominent, and appeared most numerous, in liver from rats
      fed excess retinol. Both RBP and TTR were localized within liver parenchymal
      cells. The intensity of RBP staining increased markedly in retinol-deficient rat
      liver, consistent with previous biochemical observations. With the methods
      employed, specific staining for RBP or TTR was not seen in cells other than the
      parenchymal cells. In the kidney, all three proteins (CRBP, RBP, and TTR) were
      localized in the proximal convoluted tubules of the renal cortex. Staining for
      RBP was much more intense in normal kidney than in kidney from retinol-deficient
      rats. These findings reflect the fact that RBP in the tubules represents filtered
      and reabsorbed RBP. The pattern of specific staining for CRBP among the various
      tubules was very similar to that seen for RBP on adjacent, serial sections of
      kidney. The function of CRBP in the kidney is not known.

PMID- 6373784
TI  - Exocytotic exposure and retrieval of membrane antigens of chromaffin granules:
      quantitative evaluation of immunofluorescence on the surface of chromaffin cells.
AB  - The exocytotic exposure of antigens of chromaffin granule membranes was studied
      with chromaffin cells isolated from bovine adrenal medulla. Antigens on the cell
      surface were visualized by indirect membrane immunofluorescence employing
      antisera against glycoprotein III and dopamine beta-hydroxylase. With
      unstimulated cells, only weak immunofluorescence on the cell surface was
      observed, whereas stimulated cells (with carbachol or Ba2+) exhibited much
      stronger reactions. In all cases the staining appeared as dots and patches. To
      quantitatively prove these observations, we analyzed the immunostained cells
      using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. After stimulation, the average
      fluorescence intensity of the cell population was enhanced. This increase
      correlated with the degree of catecholamine secretion. The fluorescence intensity
      of stimulated cells varied over a broad range indicating that individual cells
      reacted variably to the secretagogues. When stimulated cells were incubated at 37
      degrees C for up to 45 min after stimulation, a decrease of membrane
      immunofluorescence approaching that of unstimulated control cells was observed.
      Apparently, the membranes of chromaffin granules, which had been incorporated
      into the plasma membrane, were retrieved by a specific and relatively fast
      process. This retrieval of the antigen from the cell surface was blocked by
      sodium azide, but not influenced by colchicine, cytochalasin B, and
      trifluoperazine. The quantitative methods established in this paper should prove
      useful for further study of the kinetics of the exo-endocytotic cycle in
      secretory tissues.

PMID- 6373785
TI  - Glial fibrillary acidic protein is localized in the lens epithelium.
AB  - The epithelium of the mouse lens stains intensely with antisera to glial
      fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). A protein co-migrating with GFAP and
      immunoreactive with antisera to GFAP can be demonstrated in lens epithelium
      protein extracts by immunoblots. GFAP has previously been considered unique to
      cells of neural origin, but this study demonstrates that ectodermally derived
      cells express GFAP or a highly similar protein.

PMID- 6373786
TI  - Latex beads as probes of a neural crest pathway: effects of laminin, collagen,
      and surface charge on bead translocation.
AB  - In the trunk region of avian embryos, neural crest cells migrate along two
      pathways: dorsally just under the ectoderm, and ventrally between the neural tube
      and the somites. Previous work from this laboratory has shown that uncoated latex
      beads are able to translocate along the ventral neural crest pathway after
      injection into young embryos; however, beads coated with fibronectin are
      restricted from the ventral route ( Bronner -Fraser, M.E., 1982, Dev. Biol., 91:
      50-63). Here, we extend these observations to determine the effects of other
      macromolecules on bead distribution. The data show that laminin-coated beads,
      like fibronectin-coated beads, are restricted from the ventral pathway. In
      contrast, beads coated with type I collagen translocate ventrally after
      injection. Because macromolecules have characteristic charge properties, changes
      in surface charge caused by coating the beads may confound interpretation of the
      results. Electrostatic effects on bead movement were examined by coating the
      latex beads with polyamino acids in order to predictably alter the initial
      surface charge. The surface charge before injection was measured for beads coated
      with amino acid polymers or with various biologically important macromolecules;
      the subsequent translocation ability of these beads was then monitored in the
      embryo. Polylysine-coated beads (positively charged) were restricted from the
      ventral pathway as were fibronectin and laminin-coated beads, even though
      fibronectin and laminin beads were both negatively charged. In contrast,
      polytyrosine -coated beads ( neutrally charged) translocated ventrally as did
      negatively charged collagen-coated or uncoated beads. The results demonstrate
      that no correlation exists between the charge properties on the latex bead
      surface and their subsequent ability to translocate along the ventral pathway.
      Therefore, an adhesion mechanism independent of surface charge effects must
      explain the restriction or translocation of latex beads on a neural crest
      pathway.

PMID- 6373787
TI  - Distributions of vimentin and desmin in developing chick myotubes in vivo. I.
      Immunofluorescence study.
AB  - Antibodies against chicken erythrocyte vimentin and gizzard desmin were affinity
      purified and then cross-absorbed with the heterologous antigen. They were used to
      study the in vivo distributions of these proteins in developing and mature
      myotubes by immunofluorescence microscopy of 0.5-2-micron frozen sections of
      iliotibialis muscle in 7-21-day chick embryos, neonatal and 1-d postnatal chicks,
      and adult chickens. The distributions of vimentin and desmin were coincidental
      throughout the development of myotubes, but the concentration of vimentin was
      gradually reduced as the myotubes matured and became largely undetectable at the
      time of hatching. The process of confining these proteins to the level of Z line
      from the initial uniform distribution occurred subsequent to the process of
      bringing myofibrils into lateral registry: in-register lateral association of
      several myofibrils was occasionally seen as early as in 7-11-d embryos, whereas
      the cross-striated immunofluorescence pattern of desmin and vimentin was only
      vaguely discerned in myotubes of 17-d embryos, just 4 d before hatching. In some
      myotubes of 21-d embryos, myofibrils were in lateral registry as precisely as in
      adult myofibers but desmin was still widely distributed around Z line in an
      irregular manner. Nevertheless, in many other myotubes of prenatal or neonatal
      chicks, desmin became confined to the level of Z line in a manner similar to that
      seen in adult myofibers, thus essentially completing its redistribution to the
      confined state of adult myofibers in coincidence with the time of hatching. In
      extracts from iliotibialis and posterior latissimus dorsi muscles of adult
      chickens, we detected a hitherto unidentified protein that was very similar to
      vimentin in molecular weight but did not react with our antivimentin antibody. We
      discuss the possibility that this protein was confused with vimentin in the past.

PMID- 6373788
TI  - Endogenous and monoclonal antibodies to the rat pancreatic acinar cell Golgi
      complex.
AB  - Normal, unimmunized mouse serum from several strains (BALB/c, C57/b, DBA/2, NZB,
      SJL, CD/1) contains an endogenous IgG antibody that localizes to the Golgi
      complex of rat pancreatic acinar cells. Treatment of pancreatic acini with 5
      microM monensin resulted in the swelling and vacuolization of the Golgi
      cisternae, and in a corresponding annular staining by the mouse serum as observed
      by immunofluorescence, suggesting that the antigen recognized is on the Golgi
      complex cisternal membrane. The antiserum did not react with pancreatic secretory
      proteins, and its binding to smooth microsomal membranes was retained following
      sodium carbonate washing, supporting a Golgi membrane localization. Advantage was
      taken of the existence of the endogenous murine antibody for the isolation of
      monoclonal antibodies directed to the Golgi complex of the rat pancreas. Two
      antibodies, antiGolgi 1 and antiGolgi 2, are described. Both antibodies are IgMs
      that recognize integral membrane proteins of the trans-Golgi cisternae, with
      lighter and patchy staining of the pancreatic lumen membrane, as observed both by
      light and electron microscopy. AntiGolgi 1 recognizes predominately a protein of
      molecular weight 103,000-108,000, whereas antiGolgi 2 shows a strong reaction to
      a 180-kd band as well as the 103-108-kd protein.

PMID- 6373790
TI  - Timing of the appearance of macronuclear-specific histone variant hv1 and gene
      expression in developing new macronuclei of Tetrahymena thermophila.
AB  - Vegetative cells of the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila contain a
      transcriptionally active macronucleus and a transcriptionally inactive
      micronucleus. Earlier studies ( Allis , C. D., C. V. C. Glover , J. K. Bowen, and
      M. A. Gorovsky , 1980, Cell, 20:609-617; and Allis , C. D., Y. S. Ziegler , M. A.
      Gorovsky , and J. B. Olmsted, 1982, Cell, 31:131-136) demonstrated the existence
      of a macronuclear-specific histone variant, hv1 , which is enriched in small
      punctate regions in nucleoli of several mammalian cell lines. These observations
      suggest that this histone variant is highly conserved in evolution and may be
      associated with actively transcribed sequences. Despite large differences in
      structure and function during vegetative growth, macro- and micronuclei are
      related. During conjugation, the sexual phase of the life cycle in Tetrahymena,
      postzygotic division products of micronuclei give rise to new micro- and
      macronuclei, while the old macronucleus moves to the posterior of each cell and
      is eliminated. In this study using antiserum specific for hv1 , we determined by
      indirect immunofluorescence the time during conjugation at which hv1 first
      appears in the developing new macronuclei. In growing, starved, and young mating
      cells (2-5 h after mixing opposite mating types), only macronuclei are detected
      with affinity-purified antibodies against hv1 . Newly formed macronuclei are
      either not stained or only weakly stained in cells in which the old macronucleus
      is located in the center of the cell. However, new macronuclei are clearly
      observed in cells in which the old macronucleus has moved to the posterior of the
      cell (approximately 8 h). During later stages of conjugation (10-16 h), the
      intensity of hv1 staining in new macronuclei increases with time corresponding to
      the increasing DNA content of these nuclei. Disappearance of detectable hv1 from
      old macronuclei begins nearly 1 h after these nuclei reach the posterior
      cytoplasm (approximately 9-10 h) and is sometimes complete before these nuclei
      are eliminated from the cells. Autoradiography of cells labeled for brief periods
      with [3H]uridine shows that new macronuclei begin to synthesize RNA very soon
      after the second postzygotic division (approximately 8 h). During stages when hv1
      is clearly detected in new macronuclei, anlagen are active in RNA synthesis. RNA
      synthesis in old macronuclei ceases very close to the time when RNA synthesis
      begins in new macronuclei. Thus, the addition of hv1 coincides closely with the
      transformation of a transcriptionally inactive germinal nucleus into that of a
      transcriptionally active somatic nucleus. We suspect that addition of hv1 plays a
      fundamental role in

PMID- 6373789
TI  - In vivo co-distribution of fibronectin and actin fibers in granulation tissue:
      immunofluorescence and electron microscope studies of the fibronexus at the
      myofibroblast surface.
AB  - The fibronexus ( FNX ), a very close transmembrane association of individual
      extracellular fibronectin fibers and actin microfilaments, was found previously
      at the substrate-binding surface of fibroblasts in tissue culture (Singer, 1. 1.,
      1979, Cell, 16:675-685). To determine whether the fibronexus might be involved in
      fibroblast adhesion during wound healing in vivo, we looked for co-localization
      of actin and fibronectin in granulation tissue formed within full-thickness
      guinea pig skin wounds. At 7-9 d, most of the actin fibers were observed to be
      coincident with congruent fibronectin fibers using double-label
      immunofluorescence microscopy. These fibronectin and actin fibers were co
      localized at the myofibroblast surface surrounding the nucleus, and along
      attenuated myofibroblast processes which extended deeply into the extracellular
      matrix. This conspicuous co-distribution of fibronectin and actin fibers prompted
      us to look for fibronexuses at the myofibroblast surface with electron
      microscopy. We observed three kinds of FNXs : (a) tandem associations between the
      termini of individual extracellular fibronectin fibers and actin microfilament
      bundles at the tips of elongate myofibroblast processes, (b) plaque-like and, (c)
      track-like FNXs , in which parallel fibronectin and actin fibers were connected
      by perpendicular transmembranous fibrils. Goniometric studies on the external and
      internal components of these cross-linking fibrils showed that their membrane
      associated ends are probably co-axial. Using immunoelectron microscopy on
      ultrathin cryosections, we confirmed that the densely staining external portion
      of these various FNXs does indeed contain fibronectin. The finding that these
      FNXs appear to connect collagen fibers to intracellular bundles of actin
      microfilaments is particularly significant. Our studies strongly suggest that the
      fibronexus is an important in vivo cell surface adhesion site functioning in
      wound repair, and perhaps within fibronectin-rich tissues during embryogenesis,
      tumor growth, and inflammation.

PMID- 6373791
TI  - Microinjected fluorescent polystyrene beads exhibit saltatory motion in tissue
      culture cells.
AB  - Microinjected 0.26-micron fluorescent, carboxylated microspheres were found to
      display classical saltatory motion in tissue culture cells. The movement of a
      given particle was characterized by a discontinuous velocity distribution and was
      unaffected by the activity of adjacent particles. The microspheres were
      translocated at velocities of up to 4.7 micron/s and sometimes exhibited path
      lengths greater than 20 micron for a single saltation . The number of beads
      injected into a cell could range from a few to over 500 with no effect on the
      cell's ability to transport them. Neither covalent cross-linking nor
      preincubation of the polystyrene beads with various proteins inhibited the
      saltatory motion of the injected particles. The motion of the injected beads in
      cultured cells was reversibly inhibited by the microtubule poison nocodazole,
      under conditions in which actin-rich, nitrobenzoxadiazol - phallacidin -staining
      structures remain intact. Whole-cell high voltage electron microscopy of
      microinjected cells that were known to be moving the fluorescent microspheres
      revealed that the beads were embedded in the cytoplasmic matrix and did not
      appear to be membrane bound. The enhanced detectability of the fluorescent
      particles over endogenous organelles and the ability to modify the surfaces of
      the beads before injection may enable more detailed studies on the mechanism of
      saltatory particle motion.

PMID- 6373792
TI  - Immunocytochemical analysis of intermediate filaments in embryonic heart cells
      with monoclonal antibodies to desmin.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies ( McAbs ) have been generated against a preparation of
      intermediate filament proteins (IFP) from adult chicken gizzard. Two antibodies,
      D3 and D76 , have been characterized in detail. They bind specifically to desmin
      but recognize different epitopes. In the adult chicken, both McAbs produced
      equivalent immunofluorescent staining patterns, reacting in frozen sections with
      all forms of muscle tissue, including vascular smooth muscle, but with no other
      tissue types. In isolated skeletal myofibrils and in longitudinal frozen sections
      of cardiac and skeletal muscle, desmin was detected with both McAbs at the Z-band
      and in longitudinally-oriented filament bundles between myofibrils. In contrast
      to these results in the adult, the intermediate filaments (IF) of embryonic
      cardiac myocytes in primary cultures were decorated only with McAb D3, whereas
      McAb D76 was completely unreactive with these cells. Similarly, frozen sections
      through the heart at early stages of embryonic chick development (Hamburger
      Hamilton stages 17-18) revealed regions of myocytes, identified by double
      immunofluorescence with myosin-specific McAbs , that were unstained with McAb D76
      even though similar regions were stained by McAb D3. That McAb D76 reacted with
      desmin in all adult cardiac myocytes but not with all embryonic heart cells
      indicates that embryonic and adult cardiac IF are immunologically distinct and
      implies a conversion in IF immunoreactivity during cardiac development.

PMID- 6373793
TI  - Centriole distribution during tripolar mitosis in Chinese hamster ovary cells.
AB  - During bipolar mitosis a pair of centrioles is distributed to each cell but the
      activities of the two centrioles within the pair are not equivalent. The parent
      is normally surrounded by a cloud of pericentriolar material that serves as a
      microtubule-organizing center. The daughter does not become associated with
      pericentriolar material until it becomes a parent in the next cell cycle (Rieder,
      C.L., and G. G. Borisy , 1982, Biol. Cell., 44:117-132). We asked whether the
      microtubule-organizing activity associated with a centriole was dependent on its
      becoming a parent. We induced multipolar mitosis in Chinese hamster ovary cells
      by treatment with 0.04 micrograms/ml colcemid for 4 h. After recovery from this
      colcemid block, the majority of cells divided into two, but 40% divided into
      three and 2% divided into four. The tripolar mitotic cells were examined by
      antitubulin immunofluorescence and by high voltage electron microscopy of serial
      thick (0.25-micron) sections. The electron microscope analysis showed that
      centriole number was conserved and that the centrioles were distributed among the
      three spindle poles, generally in a 2:1:1 or 2:2:0 pattern. The first pattern
      shows that centriole parenting is not prerequisite for association with pole
      function; the second pattern indicates that centrioles per se are not required at
      all. However, the frequency of midbody formation and successful division was
      higher when centrioles were present in the 2:1:1 pattern. We suggest that the
      centrioles may help the proper distribution and organization of the
      pericentriolar cloud, which is needed for the formation of a functional spindle
      pole.

PMID- 6373794
TI  - Fluorescence decay kinetics of chlorophyll in photosynthetic membranes.
AB  - The absorption of light by the pigments of photosynthetic organisms results in
      electronic excitation that provides the energy to drive the energy-storing light
      reactions. A small fraction of this excitation gives rise to fluorescence
      emission, which serves as a sensitive probe of the energetics and kinetics of the
      excited states. The wavelength dependence of the excitation and emission spectra
      can be used to characterize the nature of the absorbing and fluorescing molecules
      and to monitor the process of sensitization of the excitation transfer from one
      pigment to another. This excitation transfer process can also be followed by the
      progressive depolarization of the emitted radiation. Using time-resolved
      fluorescence rise and decay kinetics, measurements of these processes can now be
      characterized to as short as a few picoseconds. Typically, excitation transfer
      among the antenna or light harvesting pigments occurs within 100 psec, whereupon
      the excitation has reached a photosynthetic reaction center capable of initiating
      electron transport. When this trap is functional and capable of charge
      separation, the fluorescence intensity is quenched and only rapidly decaying
      kinetic components resulting from the loss of excitation in transit in the
      antenna pigment bed are observed. When the reaction centers are blocked or
      saturated by high light intensities, the photochemical quenching is relieved, the
      fluorescence intensity rises severalfold, and an additional slower decay
      component appears and eventually dominates the decay kinetics. This slower (1-2
      nsec) decay results from initial charge separation followed by recombination in
      the blocked reaction centers and repopulation of the excited electronic state,
      leading to a rapid delayed fluorescence component that is the origin of variable
      fluorescence. Recent growth in the literature in this area is reviewed here, with
      an emphasis on new information obtained on excitation transfer, trapping, and
      communication between different portions of the photosynthetic membranes.

PMID- 6373795
TI  - Pigment-protein complexes of purple photosynthetic bacteria: an overview.
AB  - A minireview of antenna and reaction center pigment-protein complexes of purple
      bacteria is presented. Advances in our knowledge of their structure and
      composition during the past 3 yr are emphasized and some new thoughts are
      introduced.

PMID- 6373796
TI  - Isolation of PS II reaction centre and its relationship to the minor chlorophyll
      protein complexes.
AB  - Evidence is presented for the identification of the chlorophyll- protein complex
      CPa-1 (CP 47) as the reaction centre of photosystem II (PS II). We have developed
      a simple, rapid method using octyl glucoside solubilization to obtain
      preparations from spinach and barley that are highly enriched in PS II reaction
      centre activity (measured as the light-driven reduction of diphenylcarbazide by
      2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol). These preparations contain only the two minor
      chlorophyll-protein complexes CPa-1 and CPa-2. During centrifugation on a sucrose
      density gradient, there is a partial separation of the two CPa complexes from
      each other, and a complete separation from other chlorophyll-protein complexes.
      The PS II activity comigrates with CPa-1 but not CPa-2, strongly suggesting that
      the former is the reaction centre complex of PS II. Reaction centre preparations
      are sensitive to the herbicide 3(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), but
      only at much higher concentrations than those required to inhibit intact
      thylakoid membranes. A model of PS II incorporating our current knowledge of the
      chlorophyll-protein complexes is presented. It is proposed that CPa-2 and the
      chlorophyll a + b complex CP 29 may function as internal antenna complexes
      surrounding the reaction centre, with the addition of variable amounts of the
      major chlorophyll a + b light-harvesting complex.

PMID- 6373797
TI  - Effect of physiological concentrations of insulin and antidiabetic drugs on RNA
      release from isolated liver nuclei.
AB  - The addition of 10(-11) M insulin to a cell-free system from rat liver promotes
      the release of messengerlike RNA from isolated prelabeled nuclei. The stimulation
      was similar whether the nuclei were preincubated with insulin, or if insulin was
      added directly to the cell-free system with or without a protease inhibitor. Dot
      blot hybridization using cloned cDNA for alpha 2u-globulin mRNA showed that this
      was one of the messages whose release was enhanced by insulin. Nuclei isolated
      from rats treated with either of the antidiabetics tolbutamide or tolazamide
      showed no increase in RNA release in the presence of insulin over the
      concentration range 10(-5) - 10(-14) M. Furthermore, these nuclei did not release
      detectable levels of alpha 2u-globulin mRNA.

PMID- 6373798
TI  - Expression and regulation of protein K, an Escherichia coli K1 porin, in
      Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - Using a modified lambda phage as a vector and a procedure developed in Dr. C.
      Schnaitman's laboratory, we have cloned the structural gene for protein K from an
      Escherichia coli K1 strain to an E coli K-12 strain. The cloned inserts consist
      of two HindIII fragments, 4 kb and 6.5 kb in size. The protein produced by the
      insert is nearly identical to "authentic" protein K when chymotryptic peptides of
      125I-labeled proteins are compared. Protein K was found to respond to changes in
      the osmolarity of the medium, being favored in trypticase soy broth (high
      osmolarity). This fluctuation was not dependent on a functional ompR gene.
      However, protein K was not expressed in strains carrying the envZ-473 mutation.
      Thus, protein K appears to be within a class of exported proteins whose
      expression is regulated by the envZ gene independent of the ompR gene.

PMID- 6373799
TI  - A distinct signal peptidase for prolipoprotein in Escherichia coli.
AB  - We have previously demonstrated the modification and processing of Escherichia
      coli prolipoprotein (Braun's) in vitro ( Tokunaga M, Tokunaga H, Wu HC: Proc Natl
      Acad Sci USA 79:2255, 1982). Using this in vitro assay of prolipoprotein signal
      peptidase and globomycin selection, we have isolated and partially characterized
      an E coli mutant which contained a higher level of prolipoprotein signal
      peptidase activity. In contrast, the procoat protein signal peptidase activity
      was not increased in this mutant as compared to the wild-type strain.
      Furthermore, E coli strains containing cloned procoat protein signal peptidase
      gene were found to contain elevated levels of procoat protein signal peptidase,
      but normal levels of prolipoprotein signal peptidase. These two signal peptidase
      activities were also found to exhibit different stabilities during storage at 4
      degrees C. Thus biochemical, immunological, and genetic evidence clearly indicate
      that prolipoprotein signal peptidase is distinct from procoat protein signal
      peptidase in E coli.

PMID- 6373800
TI  - Golgi/granule processing of peptide hormone and neuropeptide precursors: a
      minireview.
AB  - Proteolytic processing of precursor proteins is a phylogenetically ancient and
      widely used mechanism for producing biologically active peptides. Proteolytic
      cleavage of proproteins begins only after transport to the Golgi apparatus has
      been completed and in most systems may continue for many hours within newly
      formed secretory vesicles as these are stored in the cytosol or transported along
      axons to more peripheral sites of release. Paired basic residues are required for
      efficient proteolysis in most precursors, suggesting that a small number of
      specialized tryptic proteases exist that have great site selectivity but can
      process many sites within the same precursor or in different precursors within
      the same cell, or in different cells or tissues. Cleavage-site choice may be
      strongly influenced by other factors, such as secondary and tertiary structure,
      but definitive structural information on precursor proteins is lacking.
      Modifications such as glycosylation, phosphorylation, and sulfation also are
      Golgi associated but are not known to influence proteolytic processing patterns.
      Golgi/granule processing also rarely occurs at sites other than pairs of basic
      amino acids, including single basic residues ( trypsinlike ), Leu-Ala, Leu-Ser,
      or Tyr-Ala bonds ( chymotrysinlike ) as well as other specialized nontryptic
      cleavages, suggesting that mixtures of proteases coexist in the Golgi/granule
      system. Cathepsin B-like thiol proteases, or their precursors, have been
      implicated as the major processing endopeptidases in several systems.
      Carboxypeptidase B-like enzymes also have been identified in secretion granules
      in several tissues and appear to be metalloenzymes similar in mechanism to the
      pancreatic carboxypeptidases, but with a lower pH optimum. The role of the Golgi
      apparatus in sorting newly formed secreted products from lysosomal hydrolases may
      have permitted the development in evolution of an intimate relationship between
      certain of the lysosomal degradative enzymes, such as cathepsin B or its
      precursors, and the Golgi/granule processing systems. The sequestration of the
      proteolytic products of precursors within secretion granules leads to the
      coordinate discharge of highly complex mixtures of peptides having related or
      overlapping biological activities. The cosecretion of nonfunctional peptide "
      leftovers ," such as the proinsulin C-peptide, can serve as useful markers of
      secretion or cellular localization, as well as of evolutionary relation ships.
      Errors in cleavage due to point mutations in precursors have been identified in
      several systems, leading to the accumulation of incorrectly processed materials
      in the circulation. These and/or defects (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6373801
TI  - Synthesis, processing, and secretion of hepatic very low density lipoprotein.
AB  - Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) is the major vehicle in the plasma which
      carries triacylglycerol synthesized in the liver to peripheral tissues for
      utilization. Estrogen-induced chick parenchymal liver cells (hepatocytes)
      synthesize and secrete large amounts of VLDL. These cells, in a primary monolayer
      culture system developed in this laboratory, have been employed to study the
      operative and regulatory aspects of VLDL synthesis, assembly, and secretion. Some
      10 min are required for the translation of the principle VLDL protein
      constituent, apolipoprotein B, and 30-35 min are required for the two newly
      translated chick VLDL apolipoproteins, apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein II, to
      be secreted. Apolipoprotein B is synthesized on membrane-bound polysomes as a
      contiguous polypeptide chain of 350K molecular weight (MW) and is not assembled
      posttranslationally from smaller-peptide precursors. Translocation of puromycin
      discharged apolipoprotein B nascent chains into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen
      and their subsequent secretion are independent of both ongoing protein synthesis
      and the attachment of the nascent peptides to ribosomes. Apolipoprotein B nascent
      chains discharged by puromycin assemble with glycerolipid (mainly
      triacylglycerol) and are secreted as immunoprecipitable VLDL. Core
      oligosaccharides are added to the apolipoprotein B nascent chain co
      translationally in at least two stages, at molecular weights of approximately
      120K and approximately 280K . Inhibition of N-linked glycosylation of
      apolipoprotein B with tunicamycin affects neither the assembly of glycerolipids
      into VLDL nor the secretion of the VLDL particle, indicating that aglyco 
      apolipoprotein B can serve as a functional component for VLDL assembly and
      secretion. Active synthesis of the VLDL apolipoproteins is required, however, for
      glycerolipid assembly into VLDL and secretion from the hepatocyte. The
      differential kinetics with which newly synthesized apolipoproteins and
      glycerolipids are secreted as VLDL and the timing of the effects of protein
      synthesis inhibitors on their secretion indicate that VLDL constituents are
      assembled sequentially in the intact liver cell. The bulk of the VLDL
      triacylglycerol and some VLDL phosphoglyceride is introduced early in the
      secretory pathway proximal, yet subsequent to apopeptide synthesis, while a
      significant fraction of VLDL phosphoglyceride associates with the resulting
      triacylglycerol-rich lipid-protein complexes just prior to their secretion as
      mature VLDL. Within the context of current models for VLDL structure, the late
      assembly of phosphoglyceride into VLDL is taken to represent a surface maturation
      of the nascent VLDL particle.

PMID- 6373802
TI  - Fate of surface immunoglobulin during induction of lymphocyte proliferation.
AB  - The modulation of immunoglobulin on the surface of rabbit B lymphocytes by goat
      antibodies with specificity for rabbit surface membrane immunoglobulin or by such
      goat antibodies covalently linked to Sepharose was studied in relation to the
      proliferative response to these agents. Although the induction of DNA synthesis
      was greater in the presence of Sepharose-linked antibody than in the presence of
      free antibody, modulation of surface membrane immunoglobulin was induced with
      free but not with Sepharose-linked antibody. Thus, in the presence of free
      antibody the surface membrane immunoglobulin content of cells was rapidly
      decreased and remained at a low level throughout the culture period, whereas the
      surface immunoglobulin content of cells incubated with Sepharose antibody was
      essentially unaltered. The surface immunoglobulin lost from cells incubated with
      free goat antibodies reappeared slowly upon further incubation in culture medium
      devoid of antibody, and such reappearance of rabbit surface membrane
      immunoglobulin was inhibited by puromycin. Upon culture with Sepharose-linked
      antibody the surface membrane immunoglobulin content of B cells was unaffected by
      puromycin. This result was interpreted as indicating that surface membrane
      immunoglobulin loss followed by reappearance does not occur. Lastly, the linkage
      of surface membrane immunoglobulin to cytoskeletal elements induced by free
      antibody was not induced by Sepharose-linked antibody as judged from differences
      in detergent solubilization characteristics. Possible mechanisms to account for
      these differences in surface membrane immunoglobulin modulation as they relate to
      the proliferative response are considered.

PMID- 6373803
TI  - Cerebrovascular smooth muscle reactivity: a critical appraisal of in vitro and in
      situ techniques.

PMID- 6373804
TI  - [Indefinite survival of pancreatic allografts under cyclosporin A treatment in
      rats].
AB  - Reports in the published literature suggest that cyclosporine A is less effective
      in the prevention of pancreatic graft rejection. Prolonged survival (97.9 days)
      of pancreatic allografts was obtained by the use of cyclosporine A in the rat,
      and indefinite survival was reported in 2 animals. Toxic accidents related to the
      compound were not observed. A complete histologic and metabolic study of
      pancreatic grafts showed that two types of response were possible according to
      whether the graft was rejected or tolerated. Cyclosporine A should be considered
      as a basic immunosuppressive agent for all types of allograft, including the
      pancreatic type.

PMID- 6373805
TI  - An enrichment procedure for a highly active T5-receptor preparation by DEAE
      cellulose ion-exchange chromatography in Triton X-100 containing solution at
      elevated temperatures.
AB  - This paper describes the purification of a minor outer membrane protein from
      Escherichia coli B by repeated DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography at 40
      degrees C in phosphate buffer containing 2% Triton X-100. A 480-fold enrichment
      relative to a crude preparation of membrane fragments was obtained. The
      preparation is highly active as a receptor for the bacteriophage T5. The active
      particles are homogeneous in size with a molecular weight of 230,000 daltons.

PMID- 6373806
TI  - Use of chromatofocusing for separation of beta-lactamases. IV. Beta-lactamases of
      the E. coli K12 strain carrying RP4 plasmid.

PMID- 6373807
TI  - Volatile products from acetylcholine as markers in the rapid urine test using
      head-space gas-liquid chromatography.
AB  - Head-space gas--liquid chromatographic analyses of cultures of all Proteus spp.
      showed that the production of trimethylamine from acetylcholine could be the
      marker for the detection in 3.5 h of significant numbers of P. mirabilis, P.
      vulgaris, P. rettgeri and P. inconstans A in the rapid test for Escherichia and
      Klebsiella spp. in urine specimens. Trimethylamine was not detected in cultures
      of five other urinary pathogens. Six of fifteen strains of K. aerogenes produced
      trimethylamine from acetylcholine but were distinguished from Proteus spp. by
      ethanol production from arabinose. Ethyl acetate was produced from acetylcholine
      by P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, P. rettgeri, P. inconstans A, P. inconstans B, E.
      coli, K. aerogenes and Streptococcus faecalis.

PMID- 6373808
TI  - The value of measuring severity of disease in clinical research on acutely ill
      patients.
AB  - There are five major factors that determine outcome from disease: (1) disease
      type, (2) the severity of the disease, (3) the patient's age, (4) his prior
      health status, and (5) the therapy available. Evaluation of new treatments for
      various diseases is often done with little information on individual patients'
      severity. The most widely used method of controlling for acute severity fails to
      account for interaction among major organ systems and for important threshold
      effects found within physiologic measurements. To illustrate, we simulated a
      clinical trial comparing severity and outcome for two groups randomly chosen from
      50 consecutive respiratory failure patients. Mean values for a variety of
      clinical, demographic, and physiologic measures were similar. A severity of
      disease classification, however, predicted differential mortality (25% vs 37%)
      that matched actual death rates. Uniform and accurate measurement of acute
      severity of disease in individual patients could improve the precision of
      clinical research.

PMID- 6373809
TI  - Biosynthetic human insulin and proinsulin have additive but not synergistic
      effects on total body glucose disposal.
AB  - Recent studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that human biosynthetic
      proinsulin has a much slower MCR than insulin as well as a greater effect on
      hepatic than on peripheral tissues. Since both of these features make proinsulin
      potentially useful as an adjunct to insulin, the present study was undertaken to
      characterize the biological effects of combined infusions of insulin and
      proinsulin. As an initial study, multiple euglycemic clamp studies were performed
      in six normal subjects to construct dose-response curves for insulin- and
      proinsulin-mediated glucose disposal. Insulin infusion rates of 0.63, 1.67, 5,
      and 10 micrograms/M2 X min were compared to proinsulin infusion rates of 2.75,
      7.5, 22.5, and 45 micrograms/M2 X min. Analysis of these dose-response curves
      indicated that proinsulin-mediated glucose disposal was approximately 7% that of
      insulin. Each subject also received a combined infusion of insulin (0.63
      micrograms/M2 X min) and proinsulin (2.75 micrograms/M2 X min). The mean (+/- SE)
      glucose disposal rate obtained during the combination study (319 +/- 21 mg/M2 X
      min) was similar to that predicted by adding the results from the individual
      hormone infusions (307 +/- 21 mg/M2 X min). Analysis of the dose-response curves
      for insulin and proinsulin was also useful in predicting the glucose disposal
      rate during the combination study (290 +/- 19 mg/M2 X min). Thus, using either
      approach to predict the glucose disposal rates, insulin and proinsulin appeared
      to have additive effects on total body glucose disposal.

PMID- 6373810
TI  - Somatomedins and insulin in diabetic pregnancies: effects on fetal macrosomia in
      the human and rhesus monkey.
AB  - The concentrations of the somatomedins (SMs) insulin-like growth factors I and II
      (SM-C/IGF-I and IGF-II) were measured by RIA in six normal and seven insulin
      dependent diabetic pregnant women and their infants at delivery. SM-C/IGF-I and
      IGF-II levels in the two groups of women were similar. Maternal IGF-II
      concentrations correlated with maternal hemoglobin AIc levels (r = 0.68) and
      infant birth weight ratios (actual birth weight/expected 50th percentile sex
      corrected birth weight for gestation age; r = 0.54). SMC/IGF-I and IGF-II levels
      in umbilical plasma in infants of diabetic mothers did not differ from those in
      control infants, but were lower than the corresponding maternal values. In
      contrast, umbilical plasma levels of C-peptide immunoreactivity were
      significantly elevated in the infants of diabetic mothers (2.25 +/- 1.85 (+/-SD)
      vs. 0.34 +/- 0.15 pmol/ml; P less than 0.01). The infant birth weight ratio was
      logarithmically correlated with the umbilical plasma C-peptide immunoreactivity
      (r = 0.78). SM levels were also measured by radioreceptor assay in five normal
      and five hyperinsulinemic rhesus monkey fetuses. When chronic hyperinsulinemia
      was produced by continuous SC infusion of insulin in the fetal rhesus monkey, the
      fetal birth weight ratio was also found to be logarithmically correlated with the
      fetal plasma insulin concentration (r = 0.81). The fetal SM peptide content was
      elevated only in the fetuses with plasma insulin levels greater than 3000
      microU/ml. The fetal weight gains in response to hyperinsulinemia in the human
      and rhesus are similar. Since fetal SM levels in the humans and monkeys were not
      significantly different in the two groups, our data suggest that insulin plays
      the predominant role in stimulating human and subhuman primate excess fetal
      weight gain of the infant of the diabetic mother during the latter part of
      gestation.

PMID- 6373811
TI  - Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in cirrhosis. Evidence that hepatic uptake of
      gluconeogenic precursors and of free fatty acids depends on effective hepatic
      flow.
AB  - Splanchnic arteriovenous differences for several intermediary metabolites of
      carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were determined simultaneously with hepatic
      blood flow in seven normal subjects, eight patients with cirrhosis, and six
      patients with cirrhosis after surgical portosystemic shunt ( SPSS ) after an
      overnight fast. Arteriovenous differences in the legs were also determined
      together with flux measurement. The individual turnover rates of acetoacetate
      (AcAc) and 3 hydroxybutyrate (beta OHB) were also determined by means of isotopic
      techniques. Splanchnic gluconeogenic precursors and FFA uptakes were lower in
      cirrhotic patients with SPSS than in normal subjects (P less than 0.05 and P less
      than 0.01, respectively). Splanchnic triglyceride output was also lower in
      cirrhotic patients with SPSS than in normal subjects (P less than 0.01), whereas
      no significant differences were found for AcAc, beta OHB, and glucose release. In
      the group of cirrhotic patients without SPSS , those patients with negligible
      signs of portal systemic shunt and normal splanchnic blood flow had uptake of
      gluconeogenic precursors and of FFA normal or higher than that of normal
      subjects, whereas those patients with signs of spontaneous portal systemic shunt
      behaved like cirrhotic patients with SPSS . Alanine release from the leg was
      lower in both cirrhotic patient groups. Tracer determined hepatic output of AcAc
      and beta OHB was higher in cirrhotic patients with SPSS (P less than 0.05).
      Plasma clearance rates of AcAc and beta OHB were significantly elevated in both
      cirrhotic patient groups. Close agreement was found between tracer and
      catheterization techniques in the evaluation of ketone body production in
      cirrhotic patients with SPSS , whereas in cirrhotic patients without SPSS tracer
      determined hepatic output was slightly lower, possibly because of extrahepatic
      splanchnic tissue ketone body uptake. In conclusion, our data in patients with
      cirrhosis indicate that: 1) splanchnic uptake of gluconeogenic precursors and of
      FFA was related to the degree of portal systemic shunt, e.g. to the degree of
      effective hepatic blood flow; 2) liver triglyceride but not ketone body output
      was decreased by the impaired FFA (and glycerol) liver uptake; 3) the higher
      circulating levels of gluconeogenic precursors (except alanine) and of FFA
      appeared at least partially due to lower hepatic removal of these metabolites;
      and 4) peripheral use of ketone bodies was increased and alanine release from the
      leg reduced in patients with cirrhosis.

PMID- 6373812
TI  - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide in obesity and diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) concentrations may be influenced by obesity,
      diabetes, and glucagon deficiency and be under feedback inhibition by insulin. To
      assess these factors, insulin-dependent diabetic, totally pancreatectomized
      diabetic, and lean and obese noninsulin-dependent diabetic patients were studied
      twice, once during partial insulin withdrawal and again when euglycemia was
      achieved before and after mixed meal ingestion, using an artificial endocrine
      pancreas. The results were compared to those from weight-matched lean and obese
      nondiabetic subjects. No significant differences in postprandial GIP responses
      were found between lean and obese nondiabetic subjects. Despite basal and
      postprandial hyperglycemia, the GIP responses to the mixed meal were not
      significantly different between insulin-deficient (insulin-dependent and totally
      pancreatectomized) patients and lean nondiabetic subjects. In addition, there
      were no significant differences in postprandial GIP responses between insulin
      dependent and totally pancreatectomized patients. In contrast, lean and obese
      noninsulin-dependent diabetic patients had reduced GIP responses compared to
      weight-matched nondiabetic subjects (mean +/- SE, 37.9 +/- 5.4 vs. 67.1 +/- 10.8
      ng ml-1 240 min-1, respectively; P less than 0.05). This difference was entirely
      due to the reduced GIP responses in obese noninsulin-dependent diabetic patients
      compared to those in obese nondiabetic subjects (32.1 +/- 7.9 vs. 76.9 +/- 18.2
      ng ml-1 240 min-1, respectively; P less than 0.05); the postprandial GIP
      responses were not significantly different between lean noninsulin-dependent
      diabetic patients and lean nondiabetic subjects. Insulin infusion by an
      artificial endocrine pancreas resulted in postprandial insulin and glucose
      profiles that approximated those of nondiabetics, but did not significantly alter
      GIP responses to the mixed meal (48.2 +/- 5.5 ng ml-1 240 min-1) in the 18
      diabetic patients compared to results obtained with sc insulin treatment (42.2 +/
      5.2 ng ml-1 240 min-1). In conclusion, postprandial GIP responses are normal in
      obese nondiabetic subjects and insulin-deficient diabetic patients and are
      blunted in obese, but not in lean, noninsulin-dependent diabetic patients. In
      addition, GIP does not appear to be under feedback inhibition by insulin or
      influenced by glucagon deficiency in diabetes.

PMID- 6373813
TI  - Glucose metabolism in experimental hyperthyroidism: intact in vivo sensitivity to
      insulin with abnormal binding and increased glucose turnover.
AB  - The characteristics of the dose response of insulin on the glucose turnover rate
      and erythrocyte insulin binding parameters were determined in five normal men
      before and during experimentally induced hyperthyroidism [L-T4 (2 micrograms kg-1
      day-1) for 4 weeks with additional L-T3 (1 microgram kg-1 day-1) for the
      following 3 weeks]. Hyperthyroidism was characterized by significant rises in T3
      from 1.92 +/- 0.17 (+/- SEM) to 3.66 +/- 0.17 nmol/liter (P less than 0.01) and
      resting metabolic rate from 39 +/- 0.7 to 48 +/- 1 watt/m2 (P less than 0.001).
      While the subjects received a diet adapted to the metabolic rate, blood glucose
      rose from 3.8 +/- 0.07 to 4.46 +/- 0.11 mmol/liter (P less than 0.05) without a
      significant change in plasma insulin. During the insulin dose-response study,
      glucose infusion rates were unaltered by hyperthyroidism, and neither the maximum
      effect nor the sensitivity to insulin was altered. Glucose turnover rate,
      measured using [6,6-2H2]glucose as tracer, was determined in the basal state and
      during the 0.4 mU kg-1 min-1 insulin infusion. In the basal state, it was
      significantly increased by hyperthyroidism (control, 2.3 +/- 0.1;
      hyperthyroidism, 3.7 +/- 0.1 mg kg-1 min-1). During the insulin infusion, hepatic
      glucose production was totally suppressed before T4 and T3 treatment, but was
      0.96 +/- 0.39 mg kg-1 min-1 during T4 and T3 treatment. A marked decrease in the
      insulin binding affinity to erythrocytes was found without a change in the
      insulin receptor number. In conclusion, glucose metabolism in experimental
      hyperthyroidism is characterized by 1) increases in basal glucose production and
      utilization; 2) antagonism between the effect of insulin and hyperthyroidism at
      the hepatic level; and 3) lack of peripheral insulin resistance in spite of
      marked alteration in erythrocyte insulin binding affinity.

PMID- 6373814
TI  - The metabolic effects of biosynthetic human proinsulin in individuals with type I
      diabetes.
AB  - To assess the significance of deficiency of circulating proinsulin in patients
      with type I diabetes mellitus, we studied the metabolic effects of biosynthetic
      human proinsulin in 24 patients. After withdrawing insulin, an infusion of
      proinsulin to physiological plasma levels did not prevent elevations of plasma
      glucose or beta-hydroxybutyrate. During steady state infusions of insulin and
      proinsulin, 13.7 times the steady state plasma level of proinsulin compared to
      insulin was required to maintain euglycemia. This finding indicates that
      proinsulin is approximately 7.3% as biologically active as insulin on a molar
      basis in maintaining glucose control. The MCRs of insulin and proinsulin during
      these steady state infusions were 12.5 +/- 2.2 (+/- SEM) and 2.62 +/- 0.33 ml/kg
      X min, respectively. After maintaining euglycemia overnight with an infusion of
      insulin or proinsulin and then acutely stopping these infusions, the rise in
      plasma glucose after proinsulin was delayed significantly compared to insulin,
      consistent with proinsulin's slower clearance. Further studies are necessary to
      determine whether biosynthetic human proinsulin has a specific role in the
      treatment of diabetes.

PMID- 6373815
TI  - gamma-trace in human pituitary adenomas.
AB  - gamma-Trace, a small protein occurring in body fluids and in secretory and
      neuroendocrine cells, was demonstrated by immunohistochemical techniques in the
      cytoplasm of the tumor cells of 13 pituitary adenomas obtained at surgery and
      autopsy. Seven of the adenomas also contained LH immunoreactivity. FSH, TSH, and
      ACTH were each found in one gamma-trace-containing adenoma. gamma-Trace was also
      demonstrated in extracts of 1 pituitary adenoma and of 5 nontumorous
      adenohypophyses. The immunoreactive protein found in the extracts had a molecular
      weight and electrophoretic mobility characteristic of gamma-trace. Computerized
      amino acid sequence comparisons between the primary structure of gamma-trace and
      those of known hormonal peptides showed no significant similarities.

PMID- 6373816
TI  - [Fetal development and its disorder].

PMID- 6373817
TI  - [Ultrastructural localization of secretory component and carcinoembryonic antigen
      in human gastric neoplasms and related disorders].

PMID- 6373818
TI  - [Insulin metabolism by perfused rat liver].

PMID- 6373819
TI  - Altered blood T-cell subsets in patients with multiple sclerosis.
AB  - We have found an alteration in T-cell subsets in patients with active multiple
      sclerosis, specifically an increase in the T4:T8 ratio. These findings have been
      reproducibly obtained over the past four years, occurring in the majority of
      acute patients tested early in the course of an attack and in between 25 and 40%
      of chronic progressive patients, depending on their stage of illness. These
      changes correlate with pleocytosis in spinal fluid and with other abnormalities
      of immune function, such as spontaneous immunoglobulin production. They have been
      helpful in assessing disease activity in patients being treated on a variety of
      protocols and as part of research studies of immunoregulatory abnormality in
      multiple sclerosis, but have not been helpful as a diagnostic test for multiple
      sclerosis. The decrease of these cells in the peripheral blood of patients with
      active disease may be secondary to migration of these cells to the central
      nervous system, where they are sequestered.

PMID- 6373820
TI  - Conglutinin microtiter plate ELISA system for detecting circulating immune
      complexes.
AB  - A new technique for a conglutinin ELISA using a microtiter plate has been
      developed for measuring circulating immune complexes. The sensitivity of our
      system ranges between 0.2 and 3.2 micrograms equivalents of aggregated human IgG.
      We have applied this system to 21 normal healthy controls and 80 neurological
      patients and have found high percentages of positivity in multiple sclerosis and
      amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

PMID- 6373822
TI  - Critical aspects of lingual bracket placement.

PMID- 6373821
TI  - Characterization of three restricted specificity monoclonal antibodies raised
      against the human glioma cell line D-54 MG.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies ( MCAs ) have been derived from a fusion of P3-NS1/1-Ag 4-1
      (NS1) myeloma cells and splenocytes immunized to human glioma cell line D-54 MG.
      MCAs 2F3 , 4C7 , and 5B7 were analyzed by cell surface radioimmunoassay (CS-RIA),
      quantitative absorption, indirect immunofluorescence, and peroxidase-anti
      peroxidase (PAP) immunohistology of unfixed tissue samples. MCA 2F3 exhibits the
      most highly restricted pattern of reactivity we have observed, reacting only with
      5/12 glioblastoma cell lines and 1/4 fetal skin lines by CS-RIA, and to 9/11
      glioblastoma tissue samples by PAP and absorption analysis; this MCA is totally
      nonreactive with melanomas, neuroblastomas, meningiomas, and control non-central
      nervous system tumors, and to adult and fetal tissues including brain, thymus,
      spleen, liver, lung, heart, gut, skin, and muscle by PAP analysis. MCAs 4C7 and
      5B7 demonstrate neuroectodermal tumor cross-reactivity profiles, reacting with
      either melanomas ( 5B7 ) or melanomas and neuroblastomas ( 4C7 ); both are
      reactive with fetal skin, brain, and thymus of less than or equal to 16 weeks of
      gestational age. Other than this latter fetal antigen reactivity, these MCAs
      share the same negative reactivity profile described above for MCA 2F3 . Data
      from experiments using control or 0.02% EDTA-treated confluent cell monolayers of
      D-54 MG as antibody absorbents showed that the antigens detected are present in
      the extracellular matrix material remaining following cell removal. The data
      presented here establish that these highly restrictive anti-human glioma cell
      line MCAs are expressed in primary human gliomas; that the markers defined are
      developmental in nature, in that they are expressed by human fetal tissue, but
      not by adult tissue; and that in conjunction with previously characterized
      specificities, these markers of antigenic heterogeneity will be valuable in model
      system studies of therapeutic response heterogeneity.

PMID- 6373823
TI  - The effects of debonding on the enamel surface.

PMID- 6373824
TI  - Sleep apnea and its causes.

PMID- 6373825
TI  - Interaction of primate alveolar macrophages and Legionella pneumophila.
AB  - We studied the interaction between Legionella pneumophila, which is principally a
      pulmonary pathogen, with primate alveolar macrophages (AM), which are the primary
      pulmonary cellular defense mechanism. For these studies we used L. pneumophila,
      type I, which were grown in albumin-yeast extract broth, were greater than 80%
      viable, and were comparable in virulence for guinea pigs to organisms from guinea
      pig spleen homogenates. For comparison, avirulent agar-passed L. pneumophila,
      type I, and a strain of Escherichia coli were also used. In the absence of
      detectable antibody, AM phagocytosed similar numbers of virulent and avirulent
      Legionella and killed the majority of ingested Legionella in 15-30 min, as
      determined by two different assays. The virulent and avirulent Legionella
      appeared to be equally susceptible to the cidal systems of the AM and both were
      killed more readily than were E. coli under both assay conditions. Phagocytosis
      of Legionella by AM was associated with a localized respiratory burst, as
      indicated by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction around ingested organisms. Killing
      of AM-associated Legionella was inhibited by the hydroxyl radical (OH.) scavenger
      mannitol (but not by an equiosmolar concentration of sodium sulfate), and by a
      combination of superoxide dismutase and catalase (but not by either enzyme
      alone). These findings suggest a contribution by OH., one generated by the metal
      catalyzed interaction of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide (Haber-Weiss reaction)
      in the anti-Legionella activity of AM. The virulent Legionella that survived
      intracellularly increased in number from 4 X 10(4) at 1 h to 6 X 10(6) at 96 h
      after infection. In contrast, avirulent Legionella replicated more slowly,
      increasing in number from 4 X 10(4) to 1 X 10(5) over the same period.
      Replication of virulent Legionella destroyed the AM monolayers by 120 h, whereas
      monolayers containing avirulent organisms remained intact. Thus, virulence of
      Legionella appears not to correlate with its ability to survive early killing by
      AM, but rather with the ability of the small fraction of surviving organisms to
      replicate within these cells.

PMID- 6373826
TI  - Tissue factor activity. A marker of alveolar macrophage maturation in rabbits.
      Effects of granulomatous pneumonitis.
AB  - Experiments were carried out to examine relationships between alveolar macrophage
      maturity and amounts of tissue factor (Clotting Factor III) in these cells under
      physiologic conditions and during immunologically induced pneumonitis. Using
      discontinuous density gradient centrifugation, alveolar macrophages from healthy
      rabbits were rapidly isolated into five subpopulations at different stages of
      maturation, as demonstrated by morphologic and morphometric evaluation. Very
      large amounts of tissue factor activity were found in fully mature cells that
      were purified in the lowest density subpopulation and assayed without preliminary
      in vitro stimulation or culture. In the remaining four subpopulations of
      increasing density, amounts of tissue factor were found to progressively diminish
      in direct correlation with declines of cell maturity. These differences at mean
      levels were as great as 35-fold. In addition, blood monocytes had less than 1/219
      and less than 1/6 of the activity of the fully mature and the least mature
      subpopulations, respectively. After 16 h culture of the five isolated
      subpopulations in the absence of lymphokines or of significant numbers of
      lymphocytes, tissue factor activity increased in inverse correlation with the
      preincubation stage of cell maturity (2,387 and 109% in the least mature and most
      mature subpopulations, respectively). These increases required protein synthesis
      and were accompanied by morphologic and morphometric changes which indicated
      cellular maturation during the period of tissue factor activity generation in
      vitro, thus further demonstrating relationships between macrophage maturity and
      tissue factor content. In additional experiments, direct correlations between
      cell maturity and tissue factor activity content were also found in activated
      alveolar macrophage populations from rabbits with Bacillus Calmette Guering (BCG)
      induced granulomatous pneumonitis. However, as compared with controls, the BCG
      populations had increased total amounts of tissue factor activity due to the
      presence of large numbers of mature alveolar macrophage forms that had high
      levels of the procoagulant. Thus, tissue factor activity in alveolar macrophages
      is a marker of cellular maturation in vivo and in vitro. Increased amounts of
      this initiator of the extrinsic clotting pathway, as found in alveolar macrophage
      populations from animals with granulomatous pneumonitis induced by BCG
      hypersensitivity, suggest that alveolar macrophage tissue factor may contribute
      to the pathology of immune lung diseases.

PMID- 6373829
TI  - Ego development and DSM-III Axis II: personality disorders.
AB  - Investigated the relationship between Loevinger 's levels of ego development and
      DSM-III Axis II personality disorder diagnoses, with a private psychiatric clinic
      sample of 400 patients. A breakdown of the ego development levels for each
      personality disorder is provided. Personality disorders that cluster in the
      dramatic, emotional and erratic cluster of the DSM-III ( histrionic ,
      narcissistic, antisocial and borderline personality disorders) were found to have
      the majority of individuals who scored below the conformity level in the sample,
      with almost half of the individuals in this personality cluster below the
      conformity level. Another finding was that the psychiatric patient sample was
      devoid of individuals at the highest levels of ego functioning. Also, individuals
      who had their personality diagnoses deferred, predominantly due to psychotic
      mental disorders, typically were at or above the conformity level.

PMID- 6373828
TI  - Differential roles of splanchnic and peripheral tissues in the pathogenesis of
      impaired glucose tolerance.
AB  - To identify the mechanism(s) of the altered glucoregulatory response to a glucose
      load in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, we selectively quantitated the
      components of net splanchnic glucose balance, i.e., splanchnic glucose uptake and
      hepatic glucose output, as well as peripheral glucose uptake, by combining [3
      3H]glucose infusion with hepatic vein catheterization. After intravenous glucose
      infusion (6 mg X kg-1 X min-1 for 90 min), blood glucose rose to 172 +/- 7 mg/dl
      in controls and 232 +/- 13 mg/dl in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (P
      less than 0.01). The response of plasma insulin did not differ significantly
      between the two groups (29 +/- 4 vs. 40 +/- 10 microU/ml at 90 min in control and
      in glucose intolerant subjects, respectively; P = NS). In both groups, glucose
      infusion caused the net splanchnic glucose balance to switch from the net output
      of the basal state to a net glucose uptake. However, this effect was more marked
      in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance than in control subjects (at 90 min:
      2.83 +/- 0.53 vs. 1.60 +/- 0.18 mg X kg-1 X min-1, respectively: P less than
      0.05). The different pattern of splanchnic glucose balance was entirely accounted
      for by a greater rise in splanchnic glucose uptake in the group of glucose
      intolerants , as the suppression of endogenous glucose output by the glucose load
      was practically complete in both groups. In contrast, glucose uptake by
      peripheral tissues increased considerably less in subjects with impaired glucose
      tolerance than in controls (2.2-2.6 vs 3.6-4.1 mg X kg-1 X min-1, respectively,
      between 60 and 90 min; P less than 0.01-0.001). Furthermore, a net splanchnic
      lactate uptake was present in the basal state, which was inhibited by the glucose
      load and switched to a comparable net lactate output in both groups. These
      results indicate that the mechanism responsible for the altered glucoregulation
      in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance resides entirely in the peripheral
      tissues whose ability to dispose of a glucose load is drastically reduced. On the
      other hand, no defect is detectable in any of the explored mechanisms regulating
      splanchnic glucose metabolism during the disposal of an exogenous glucose load.

PMID- 6373827
TI  - Defective glucose counterregulation after subcutaneous insulin in noninsulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus. Paradoxical suppression of glucose utilization and
      lack of compensatory increase in glucose production, roles of insulin resistance,
      abnormal neuroendocrine responses, and islet paracrine interactions.
AB  - To characterize glucose counterregulatory mechanisms in patients with noninsulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and to test the hypothesis that the increase
      in glucagon secretion during hypoglycemia occurs primarily via a paracrine islet
      A-B cell interaction, we examined the effects of a subcutaneously injected
      therapeutic dose of insulin (0.15 U/kg) on plasma glucose kinetics, rates of
      glucose production and utilization, and their relationships to changes in the
      circulating concentrations of neuroendocrine glucoregulatory factors (glucagon,
      epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone, and cortisol), as well as to changes
      in endogenous insulin secretion in 13 nonobese NIDDM patients with no clinical
      evidence of autonomic neuropathy. Compared with 11 age-weight matched nondiabetic
      volunteers in whom euglycemia was restored primarily by a compensatory increase
      in glucose production, in the diabetics there was no compensatory increase in
      glucose production (basal 2.08 +/- 0.04----1.79 +/- 0.07 mg/kg per min at 21/2 h
      in diabetics vs. basal 2.06 +/- 0.04----2.32 +/- 0.11 mg/kg per min at 21/2 h in
      nondiabetics, P less than 0.01) despite the fact that plasma insulin
      concentrations were similar in both groups (peak values 22 +/- 2 vs. 23 +/- 2
      microU/ml in diabetics and nondiabetics, respectively). This abnormality in
      glucose production was nearly completely compensated for by a paradoxical
      decrease in glucose utilization after injection of insulin (basal 2.11 +/- 0.03--
      -1.86 +/- 0.06 mg/kg per min at 21/2 h in diabetics vs. basal 2.08 +/- 0.04---
      2.39 +/- 0.11 mg/kg per min at 21/2 h nondiabetics, P less than 0.01), which
      could not be accounted for by differences in plasma glucose concentrations; the
      net result was a modest prolongation of hypoglycemia. Plasma glucagon (area under
      the curve [AUC] above base line, 12 +/- 3 vs. 23 +/- 3 mg/ml X 12 h in
      nondiabetics, P less than 0.05), cortisol (AUC 2.2 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.0 +/- 0.7 mg/dl
      X 12 h in nondiabetics, P less than 0.05), and growth hormone (AUC 1.6 +/- 0.4
      vs. 2.9 +/- 0.4 micrograms/ml X 12 h in nondiabetics, P less than 0.05) responses
      in the diabetics were decreased 50% while their plasma norepinephrine responses
      (AUC 49 +/- 12 vs. 21 +/- 5 ng/ml X 12 h in nondiabetics, P less than 0.05) were
      increased twofold (P less than 0.05) and their plasma epinephrine responses were
      similar to those of the nondiabetics (AUC 106 +/- 17 vs. 112 +/- 10 ng/ml X 12 h
      in nondiabetics). In both groups of subjects, increases in plasma glucagon were
      inversely correlated with plasma glucose concentrations (r = -0.80 in both
      groups, P less than 0.01) and suppression of endogenous insulin secretion (r = 
      0.57 in nondiabe

PMID- 6373830
TI  - Predicting differential response to EMG biofeedback and relaxation training: the
      role of cognitive structure.
AB  - Analyzed treatment outcome data for 102 headache patients who had been assigned
      randomly to receive either EMG biofeedback (N = 70) or relaxation training (N =
      32). It was hypothesized that a measure of cognitive structure would
      differentially predict success at the two training tasks and that patients high
      in cognitive structure would derive more benefit from the more structured
      relaxation task and less benefit from the biofeedback task. This hypothesis was
      confirmed (p less than .01). The analysis also demonstrated that relaxation
      training was significantly more effective than biofeedback (p less than .05) and
      that mixed headache patients improved significantly less (p less than .05) than
      either migraine or muscle-contraction headache patients.

PMID- 6373832
TI  - Localisation of factor XIII in human tissues using an immunoperoxidase technique.
AB  - An immunoperoxidase technique has been used to localise clotting factor XIII
      subunits A and S in human tissues. The presence of factor XIII in placenta and
      megakaryocytes was confirmed. Factor XIII was also found in fibroblasts, a
      hitherto unreported finding. Factor XIII subunits were not detected in
      hepatocytes, although factor XIII was found in fibroblasts in portal tracts.
      These findings suggest that factor XIII is not synthesised in the liver as
      previously thought.

PMID- 6373831
TI  - Patterns of chronic liver disease in Kuwait with special reference to
      localisation of hepatitis B surface antigen.
AB  - Two hundred and fifty six consecutive liver biopsy specimens (without secondary
      malignancy) collected over five years were reviewed to characterise the pattern
      of liver diseases encountered in the Kuwait region. A relatively high proportion
      of chronic active hepatitis (19%) and cirrhosis (40%) was found. Localisation of
      HBsAg was carried out by the histochemical orcein method and the
      immunohistological peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) procedure. The PAP technique
      was superior to orcein both in quality and quantity in addition to its
      specificity. Three immunohistological staining patterns were observed: diffuse
      pancytoplasmic , partial perinuclear, and peripheral cytoplasmic. The positivity
      rate of HBsAg in chronic hepatitis was 29% and 27%, in all cases of cirrhosis.
      The results of immunohistology and serology of HBsAg were compared in 52 patients
      in whom both tests were carried out; almost one third of chronic active liver
      diseases were positive by both methods. Our data clearly show the sensitivity of
      immunohistology and its value in detecting HBsAg, especially in retrospective
      studies where serology is not always available. Additionally, the data show that
      hepatitis B infection is often associated with the development of chronic liver
      disease in Kuwait.

PMID- 6373833
TI  - Effect of volume of blood cultured on detection of Streptococcus viridans
      bacteraemia.
AB  - Fifty eight patients undergoing dental extraction each had 45 ml blood collected.
      This was divided into 30 ml and 15 ml blood samples for culture. The 30 ml sample
      was inoculated into 120 ml nutrient broth with 0.05% liquoid and the 15 ml sample
      into 60 ml of identical broth so that the final dilution of blood in broth was
      always 1/5. Bacteraemia due to viridans streptococci was found in 27 and 15
      patients by culturing the 30 ml and 15 ml blood samples respectively. Only one
      further case of streptococcal bacteraemia was detected by culture of the total
      volume of blood collected (45 ml) rather than culture of the 30 ml blood sample
      alone. These findings suggest that the culture of 30 ml blood results in the
      detection of up to 80% more blood cultures yielding Streptococcus viridans than
      the culture of only 15 ml blood. The collection of more than 30 ml blood for each
      culture is unlikely to prove worthwhile. It is suggested that 30 ml rather than
      15 ml blood is probably the optimal volume of blood for each culture of S
      viridans when patients with suspected infective endocarditis are investigated.

PMID- 6373834
TI  - Rectal organ culture as a model for the investigation of bacterial adhesion and
      invasion.
AB  - A system was developed for the in vitro culture of human rectal mucosa. Its
      viability was proved by histological appearances and by metabolic studies. Biopsy
      samples were cultured in the presence of appropriate bacteria isolated from the
      faeces of patients with ulcerative colitis or with dysenteric illnesses. Attempts
      to show adhesion of bacteria to the mucosa or invasion of the cultured tissue
      failed. Problems with the use of this model are discussed.

PMID- 6373835
TI  - Increased numbers of IgE containing cells in gastric and duodenal biopsies. An
      expression of food allergy secondary to chronic inflammation?
AB  - Gastric and duodenal biopsies from 2543 patients with abdominal complaints were
      sent to the Department of Pathology of the Stichting Samenwerking Delftse
      Ziekenhuizen in 1980 and 1981 and screened for plasma cells containing IgE using
      an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Increased numbers of IgE containing cells
      were found in 2.6% of the patients. These patients all suffered from a variety of
      chronic non-specific inflammatory disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
      No specific clinical, endoscopical, or histological picture could be found. The
      results suggest that increased numbers of plasma cells containing IgE in biopsies
      from the upper gastrointestinal tract are an expression of IgE mediated type I
      allergy presumably to food constituents as a secondary complication of chronic
      non-specific gastric and duodenal inflammation in these patients.

PMID- 6373836
TI  - Localisation of enteropathogens in paraffin embedded tissue by immunoperoxidase.
AB  - An indirect immunoperoxidase technique has been used to identify enteropathogens
      in formol-sublimate fixed paraffin embedded sections of calf intestine.
      Infections with bovine rotavirus, bovine coronavirus, Newbury agent SRV -1, and
      K99+ Escherichia coli have been detected in the intestines from experimentally
      infected and conventially reared diarrhoeic or normal calves. The ability to
      visualize enteropathogenic agents in histological sections resulted in the
      demonstration of virus infected cells at sites not previously shown to be
      infected using the immunofluorescence technique.

PMID- 6373837
TI  - Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia due to chlorpropamide-induced nesidioblastosis.
AB  - A 25 year old woman suffering from recurrent attacks of hypoglycaemia underwent a
      laparotomy for suspected insulinoma. No tumour was found, but histology showed
      islet cell hyperplasia and nesidioblastosis. Although these changes have been
      reported as a cause of hypoglycaemia in infants, they are only rarely the cause
      of hypoglycaemia in adults; in the present case they were found to be the result
      of covert sulphonylurea administration. The fact that sulphonylureas can cause
      nesidioblastosis is not well recognised by either physicians or pathologists and
      it should be considered before "cryptogenic nesidioblastosis" is deemed the cause
      of hypoglycaemia in adults.

PMID- 6373838
TI  - Necrosis of the pancreas in the haemolytic uraemic syndrome.
AB  - A case of haemolytic uraemic syndrome in a three year old boy is described. The
      clinical course was complicated by hyperglycaemia, and biochemical assay of
      plasma showed an almost total lack of pancreatic insulin. Extensive necrosis of
      the exocrine and endocrine pancreas was found at necropsy. The possible
      pathological physiology of this complication and its prognostic importance are
      discussed.

PMID- 6373839
TI  - Campylobacter biotyping scheme of epidemiological value.
AB  - A biotyping scheme has been developed which utilises 12 tests, including growth
      at 28 degrees C, hippurate hydrolysis, and 10 resistotyping tests. These tests
      are arranged in groups of three, and by assigning a numerical value to each
      positive test a four figure code is produced for each strain. The order of the
      tests is such that campylobacters are both speciated and biotyped . This scheme
      recognises Campylobacter jejuni, C coli, "C laridis ," C fetus fetus, and C fetus
      subspecies venerealis. The reproducibility of the biotyping technique and the
      stability of the biotype code have been determined by testing campylobacter
      reference strains. The routine application of the scheme has also been evaluated
      by biotyping 1000 recent campylobacter isolates, and the epidemiological value
      has been confirmed by testing serotyped isolates from several milk borne
      outbreaks.

PMID- 6373841
TI  - Rapid identification of Clostridium difficile by direct detection of volatile
      organic acids from primary isolation media.

PMID- 6373840
TI  - Serum specific IgA antibody to Chlamydia trachomatis in patients with chlamydial
      infections detected by ELISA and an immunofluorescence test.
AB  - Sera obtained from 34 men with Chlamydia trachomatis positive non-gonococcal
      urethritis, 34 men with C trachomatis negative non-gonococcal urethritis, 42
      women with acute salpingitis, 38 healthy women, and 34 healthy men were studied
      for the presence of specific serum C trachomatis IgA and IgG antibodies.
      Serological results were correlated with C trachomatis isolation in cell culture.
      An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for C trachomatis specific serum IgA
      was employed using highly purified elementary bodies of C trachomatis serotype L2
      grown in LLC-MK2 cells. Results obtained for C trachomatis IgA antibody by the
      ELISA test were compared with results obtained for the same sera by a single
      antigen immunofluorescence technique. A good correlation (r = 0.91) was found
      between two methods. Serum IgG antibody was also determined in the same sera by
      the immunofluorescence technique. Patients with C trachomatis positive non
      gonococcal urethritis had a significantly (p less than 0.0005) higher prevalence
      (94.1%) of serum IgA antibody by ELISA compared with patients with C trachomatis
      negative non-gonococcal urethritis (20.5%) or healthy men (5.9%). Similarly,
      women with acute salpingitis had a significantly (p less than 0.005) higher
      prevalence of serum IgA antibody (45.2%) compared with healthy controls (5.2%).
      Comparable results were obtained for C trachomatis serum IgA antibody using the
      immunofluorescence technique. The prevalence of C trachomatis IgG antibody was
      significantly higher in patients with C trachomatis positive non-gonococcal
      urethritis (97.0%) compared with those with C trachomatis negative non-gonococcal
      urethritis (33.3%) and healthy controls (23.5%). The importance of using specific
      C trachomatis serum IgA in the identification of chlamydial infection is
      discussed.

PMID- 6373842
TI  - Preservation of sections of unfixed undemineralised bone.

PMID- 6373843
TI  - Double-blind multiple-dose crossover study of the antiemetic effect of
      intramuscular levonantradol compared to prochlorperazine.
AB  - Twenty cancer patients who received chemotherapy were entered into a double-blind
      crossover design antiemetic study comparing 1 mg levonantradol, an
      investigational synthetic cannabinoid, to 10 mg prochlorperazine. Sixteen
      patients completed the crossover. For each antiemetic course, four doses of each
      study medication were given intramuscularly 2 hours before chemotherapy and then
      2, 6, and 10 hours after chemotherapy administration. There were no statistical
      differences in patients' responses to levonantradol and prochlorperazine. The
      frequency of side effects was greater with levonantradol than with
      prochlorperazine. The most common side effect of levonantradol were somnolence,
      dry mouth, dizziness, tachycardia, postural hypotension, and blurred vision,
      while those for prochlorperazine were somnolence, dry mouth, and tachycardia.

PMID- 6373844
TI  - The I.C. partial denture attachment.

PMID- 6373845
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of immunoreactive neurotensin in the monkey
      superficial dorsal horn.
AB  - Neurotensin, a tridecapeptide, has been proposed to have a role in sensory
      systems, especially those mediating pain. The light microscopic and
      ultrastructural localization of neurotensin immunoreactivity in neurons of the
      monkey spinal cord was studied with the aim of examining their synaptic
      interactions. At the light microscopic level, neurotensin-containing cells were
      located in laminae II and III and immunoreactive axons and terminals were found
      in laminae I, II, and III. Neurotensin-positive axons were mostly thin and
      unmyelinated and their boutons contained both clear and large granular vesicles.
      Boutons varied considerably in size (1-3 micron) and in their relative content of
      large granular vesicles, which appeared occasionally in presynaptic locations. In
      lamina I neurotensin-immunoreactive terminals formed synapses with cell bodies
      which varied both in size and subcellular features. Some large dendrites in
      lamina I were contacted by numerous neurotensin-positive axons and also unlabeled
      terminals. In lamina II boutons with neurotensin immunoreactivity formed synapses
      mostly with small unlabeled dendrites some of which contained vesicles. The
      present results together with recent anatomical and physiological findings
      suggest that spinal cord neurons which contain neurotensin synapse with cells in
      the superficial dorsal horn that receive either input from primary afferents
      conveying nociceptive information or form part of the spinothalamic tract, or
      both. The diversity observed both in the morphology of neurotensin-positive
      terminals and in their synaptic patterns may indicate that they arise from more
      than one type of dorsal horn cell.

PMID- 6373846
TI  - Demonstration of a sexual dimorphism in the distribution of serotonin
      immunoreactive fibers in the medial preoptic nucleus of the rat.
AB  - The distribution of serotonergic fibers in the medial preoptic nucleus (MPN) and
      adjacent areas was evaluated with an indirect immunohistochemical method in the
      normal adult male and female albino rat. Sections through the MPN were processed
      for immunofluorescence with an anti-serum directed toward serotonin and were
      counterstained with the fluorescent Nissl stain ethidium bromide. The
      distribution of serotonin-immunoreactive fibers in the MPN was correlated with
      cytoarchitectonic features of the nucleus. On the basis of the results, we have
      subdivided the MPN into three parts: a medial cell-dense part ( MPNm ), a lateral
      cell-sparse part ( MPNl ), and a central very cell-dense part ( MPNc ) that is
      embedded in the medial part. The MPNc corresponds to the sexually dimorphic
      nucleus of the preoptic area identified by Gorski et al. ('80). A marked sexual
      dimorphism was found in the relative size of each part of the MPN. In the male,
      the volumes of the cell-dense MPNm and MPNc appear to be notably larger, while in
      the female more than half of the nucleus is occupied by the cell-sparse lateral
      part. The MPN as a whole appears to be slightly larger in the male. Each
      subdivision contains a characteristic pattern of serotonin-immunoreactive fibers.
      In each sex, the MPN is surrounded by a low to medium density of serotonin
      stained fibers, while the MPNl is filled with a dense plexus of varicose
      immunoreactive fibers. In contrast, the MPNm contains a low density of stained
      fibers, and the MPNc is virtually devoid of serotonin-stained fibers. Since both
      the MPNm and the MPNc are larger in the male, a correspondingly larger region of
      very low serotonin-stained fiber density is found in the male. It appears then
      that the MPN is a sexually dimorphic complex composed of at least three
      cytoarchitectonically distinct subdivisions, each of which contains a
      characteristic density of serotonin-immunoreactive fibers.

PMID- 6373847
TI  - Distribution of serotonin-containing neurons and their pathways in the
      supraoesophageal ganglion of the cockroach Periplaneta americana (L.) as revealed
      by immunocytochemistry.
AB  - The distribution of serotonin (5-HT)-containing neurons in the supraoesophageal
      (cerebral) ganglion of the cockroach Periplaneta americana was studied using
      immunocytochemistry and the formaldehyde histofluorescence method ( Klemm , '83).
      In this material immunocytochemistry was more sensitive than the formaldehyde
      histofluorescence procedure. A relatively small number of 5-HT-immunoreactive
      cell bodies (220-280) were found. For the first time, their processes could be
      followed. They highly arborize and innervate many brain regions. Three patterns
      of monoamine innervation have been demonstrated: (1) 5-HT and catecholamine
      fibres ( Klemm , '83) occurring in the same region (e.g., outer lateral
      protocerebral neuropil, stratum caudale , mushroom body, fan-shaped body,
      olfactory lobe), but having certain differences with respect to the organization
      of their projection fields; (2) 5-HT fibres innervating a region lacking
      catecholamine-containing fibres (pons); and (3) catecholamine neurons innervating
      a region lacking 5-HT fibres (ellipsoid body). In the mushroom body only the
      extrinsic neurons contain 5-HT immunoreactivity. They form a commissural fibre
      system linking the left- and right-hand mushroom bodies and other brain regions.
      The pons is part of a 5-HT-neuron fibre system innervating many areas including
      the mushroom bodies. The present study demonstrates novel, complex, and widely
      distributed connections within the insect brain.

PMID- 6373848
TI  - Hand dermatitis: practical management and current concepts.
AB  - hand dermatitis (HD) is a common clinical challenge, its management a clinical
      art. The vexing problem of etiologies is simplified by classifying causative
      factors as either exogenous or endogenous. Most patients respond to avoidance of
      irritants combined with appropriate topical corticoids and lubrication. While
      certain aspects of treatment must be individualized, many of the protective and
      lubricating measures are routine. Patient compliance with these routine, and
      necessarily involved, measures is greatly improved by using printed instruction
      forms. A minority of patients with HD will challenge the most skilled clinician.
      At present, technics for determining the role of endogenous versus exogenous
      factors are not satisfactory. Even repeated and involved patch testing combined
      with prolonged observation may leave a nagging uncertainty . . . is there an
      overlooked allergen responsible for this chronic dermatitis? The chronic,
      endogenous, palmar, vesicular dermatoses represent a stubborn therapeutic
      problem. Potent corticoids under occlusion, while often effective, tend to
      produce atrophy. Intralesional corticoids are practical only for small areas.
      Systemic corticoids, while producing dramatic relief, only postpone the problem,
      since their side effects preclude long-term usage. At times psoralens and
      ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy provides effective control. With perceptive
      persistence, most chronic HD can be effectively controlled. It is worth the
      effort, for often it means restoring a social and economic outcast to a useful
      and happy life.

PMID- 6373849
TI  - Immunoperoxidase examination of cutaneous infiltrates of mycosis fungoides and
      large-plaque atrophic parapsoriasis with OKT10.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody (OKT10), which was developed recently, reacts with pro
      thymocytes, T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, cells in normal bone
      marrow (including plasma cells), and activated T cells. Tissues from patients
      with cutaneous T cell lymphoma were studied for the presence of OKT10-reactive
      cells with the use of an indirect immunoperoxidase technic. OKT10-reactive cells
      were identified in three of eight cases of mycosis fungoides, one of two cases of
      Sezary syndrome, with an equivocal reaction in one of ten cases of large-plaque
      parapsoriasis and in one of seven positive patch tests (allergic contact
      dermatitis). The biologic and possible clinical implications are discussed.

PMID- 6373850
TI  - Cutaneous immunofluorescence study of erythema multiforme: correlation with light
      microscopic patterns and etiologic agents.
AB  - Direct immunofluorescence microscopy was positive in 88% of forty-one skin biopsy
      specimens from thirty-four patients with the clinical diagnosis of erythema
      multiforme. The most common finding, present in 67% of positive specimens, was
      the cytoid body, or fluorescent keratinocyte, which stained most often with IgM
      (homogeneously) or with C3 (speckled). Other findings included basement membrane
      zone (BMZ) fluorescence, primarily with fibrinogen and C3, and vascular
      fluorescence, most commonly C3 in a granular pattern. Correlation of direct
      immunofluorescent and light microscopic findings revealed that (1) the
      fluorescent keratinocyte was prevalent only in epidermal and mixed patterns,
      correlating with the eosinophilic necrotic keratinocyte by light microscopy, and
      (2) vascular fluorescence was most prominent in dermal forms. Herpes simplex
      associated erythema multiforme showed exclusively a mixed histologic pattern,
      whereas the drug-related form was primarily epidermal.

PMID- 6373851
TI  - An appraisal of measures to prevent and control psoriasis.
AB  - Prevention in a broad sense refers to limiting the progress of disease at any
      stage of its course; control refers to reduction in frequency and/or severity of
      a disease in a population. Measures to prevent and control psoriasis require a
      knowledge on behalf of both the physician and the patient to recognize genetic
      and environmental components in the onset and course of the disease. Triggering
      factors include streptococcal throat infection, injury, drugs, low humidity, and
      emotional stress. From a study of 102 severely affected psoriasis patients, the
      "Three-P Concept" for the management of psoriasis has evolved encompassing: (1)
      prevention of injury, (2) persistence in avoiding overtreatment, and (3) pauses
      or rest periods in the course of treatment with sedation, emolliation, and
      humidification. Educating psoriasis patients about their disease and encouraging
      them to take responsibility for self-care will lessen the morbidity.

PMID- 6373852
TI  - Cutaneous skin changes probably due to pyridoxine abuse.

PMID- 6373853
TI  - Rees B. Rees, M.D.

PMID- 6373854
TI  - Bindii (Jo Jo) dermatitis (Soliva pterosperma [Compositae]).
AB  - Bindii dermatitis is a distinctive eruption occurring in some Australian children
      during spring and early summer and characterized by discrete erythematous papules
      with puncta, concentrated over the palms, soles, and knees. In three affected
      individuals (but not in thirteen controls), pricking the skin with bindii seed
      produced an erythematous, indurated papule that appeared within 48 hours of
      intradermal pricking and simulated the primary lesion. Pathogenesis may involve
      an allergic reaction with a retained depot of antigen rather than a nonspecific
      foreign body injury reaction.

PMID- 6373855
TI  - Immunopathology of pityriasis lichenoides acuta.
AB  - Eleven biopsy specimens (five papules and six dusky or crusted lesions) from four
      patients with pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta ( PLEVA ) were
      studied by direct immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase technics. Slight
      vascular deposits of IgM and C3 were present in most lesions. Slight perivascular
      deposits of fibrin were observed in early lesions; more extensive perivascular
      and interstitial deposits of fibrin were detected in advanced lesions. Most of
      the infiltrating cells were T lymphocytes; cells with cytotoxic/suppressor
      phenotype (T8-positive) were generally more numerous than cells with
      helper/inducer phenotype (Leu-3a-positive, T4-positive). A marked increase in
      epidermal T8-positive cells over epidermal Leu-3a/T4-positive cells was found in
      late lesions. Moreover, a reduction of the ratio of circulating T4-positive to T8
      positive cells was observed in most cases. The number of epidermal T6-positive
      (Langerhans/indeterminate) cells was decreased in the lower as compared with the
      upper stratum spinosum. About 5% of perivascular infiltrating cells were T6
      positive. These results suggest that cell-mediated immune mechanisms are probably
      important in the pathogenesis of PLEVA .

PMID- 6373856
TI  - Torre's syndrome: report of two cases and review of the literature.
AB  - Two patients with multiple sebaceous adenomas associated with visceral carcinoma
      (Torre's syndrome) are described, and reported cases in the literature are
      summarized. Certain aspects of Torre's syndrome are emphasized: that the presence
      of multiple sebaceous adenomas is a cutaneous marker for visceral carcinomas,
      that the associated carcinomas are of comparatively low-grade malignancy, and
      that it is a genetic condition probably related to the Cancer Family syndrome. In
      addition, three morphologic patterns of the sebaceous adenoma are described:
      solid, cystic, and "keratoacanthoma-like"; then, the potential pitfalls in the
      histopathologic interpretation of this tumor are discussed.

PMID- 6373857
TI  - Dysplastic melanocytic nevi in histologic association with primary cutaneous
      melanomas.

PMID- 6373858
TI  - White paper on hospitalization for psoriasis care.
AB  - Psoriasis is a common, chronic skin disorder that is conservatively estimated to
      affect between 1% and 2% of the population in the United States, not including
      mild cases. Despite the fact that psoriasis is one of the more common skin
      conditions requiring medical attention, it is poorly understood by the general
      public. This lack of information or misinformation on the part of health care
      administrators and insurers can affect the medical treatment of psoriasis and
      concomitant reimbursement in a manner that may be inappropriate and/or
      inadvertently deleterious to the patient's health care. The Committee on
      Psoriasis of the American Academy of Dermatology has sought to address this void.
      The Committee on Psoriasis is comprised of several dermatologists from the major
      academic medical centers in the United States. The combined expertise of this
      group reflects decades of experience in research, diagnosis, and treatment of
      psoriasis, as well as other skin diseases. This group has approved the "White
      Paper on Hospitalization for Psoriasis Care" as a straightforward, accurate, and
      well-documented source of information on psoriasis and psoriasis care. The
      purpose of this document is to explore the relevant medical aspects of the
      disease, its treatment modalities and their associated risks, and the outcomes of
      care.

PMID- 6373859
TI  - Acanthosis nigricans and insulin resistance.
AB  - Acanthosis nigricans has been reported in association with many conditions and
      most recently with insulin resistance. A case is presented to illustrate the
      clinical characteristics of acanthosis nigricans and insulin resistance. The
      various subtypes of this syndrome complex and its pathogenic mechanisms are
      reviewed.

PMID- 6373860
TI  - Vesicular pemphigoid vs dermatitis herpetiformis.
AB  - We describe a patient with clinical features of dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) and
      histopathologic features suggestive of both DH and bullous pemphigoid (BP).
      Immunofluorescent (IF) studies of skin biopsy revealed IgG and C3 deposits along
      the basement membrane zone (BMZ) in a linear pattern and circulating BMZ
      antibodies in the serum consistent with BP. The patient's condition evolved over
      5 years into a typical case of DH characterized by histologic findings of
      papillary edema and neutrophilic infiltrates and evidence by IF findings of
      granular IgA deposits in the dermal papillae and the presence of antigliadin
      antibodies in the serum.

PMID- 6373861
TI  - Eruptive vascular tumors associated with chronic graft-versus-host disease.
AB  - We report the occurrence of benign angiomatous and mesenchymal tumors following
      chronic graft-versus-host disease. Our patient is a 23-year-old man who had
      undergone allogenic bone marrow transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia
      in 1978. Over the past 3 years he has developed poikiloderma and sclerodermatous
      tightening of the upper and lower extremities. From 1981 until the present time,
      violaceous to black friable tumors have erupted on the lower extremities.
      Histopathologic findings show an active mesenchymal and vascular tumorous
      response of variable-sized channels.

PMID- 6373862
TI  - Glucose levels in normal and mastitic milk.
AB  - Glucose levels in 188 quarter for milks from different cows were determined by an
      enzymic procedure. Mean glucose content was 0.22 mM (standard error +/- 0.009)
      and results ranged from 0.02-0.57 mM. Abnormal quarters had lower glucose levels
      (P less than 0.01) than normal quarters but variability within each
      classification was large. Glucose content was negatively correlated with both
      somatic cell count (r = 0.49) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase level (r = 
      0.61). Milk glucose was considered to be of limited value as a diagnostic test
      for mastitis.

PMID- 6373863
TI  - Lipid composition of milks from cows with experimentally induced mastitis.
AB  - Changes in milk lipid composition were measured during the course of mastitis
      infections induced in cows by infusion of either Escherichia coli endotoxin or
      Streptococcus agalactiae into 2 quarters of the udder; untreated quarters were
      used as controls. Experiments were divided into 3 distinct phases: a pre infusion
      period during which several samples were collected before infusion; a post
      infusion period following infusion and corresponding to the occurrence of
      elevated cell counts in milk from infused quarters; a recovery period followed
      after a short pause and represented the return of the cell count in milk from
      infused quarters to the level in the corresponding controls. Milk total fatty
      acid composition was unaffected by the infusion. Free fatty acid (FFA)
      composition did, however, undergo some alteration. There was a significant
      increase in long-chain saturated acids in milk from infused quarters relative to
      the corresponding controls during the post infusion period. FFA concentration
      (mequiv./100 g fat) also increased significantly during this period although the
      net increase was only slight. Phospholipid and cholesterol concentrations were
      significantly higher post infusion in milk of infused quarters. The results
      suggest that changes in concentration and composition of those milk constituents
      synthesized and secreted by the mammary epithelium occur after secretion in the
      alveolar lumen and milk ducts.

PMID- 6373864
TI  - [Glucides and dental caries].

PMID- 6373865
TI  - Types of clinical caries studies: epidemiological surveys, randomized clinical
      trials, and demonstration programs.
AB  - This has been a necessarily cursory overview of three types of clinical dental
      caries studies: the dental survey, the randomized clinical trial, and the non
      randomized comparative study. Each of these studies may be used in its
      appropriate place, although only the survey and the randomized clinical trial are
      well-grounded in scientific theory. In general, the dental survey is well-suited
      to gathering basic cross-sectional data on dental caries, data that serve a
      variety of important practical and scientific interests in the dental care
      system. Clinical trials and non-randomized studies are applied in evaluating a
      variety of therapies for dental caries. Of the two, the randomized clinical trial
      is by far the more powerful. As a result, the clinical trial has found a central
      place in dentistry. The contributions that past and present clinical caries
      trials have made to dental health are quite evident to most observers. It is
      virtually inescapable that well-conducted clinical caries trials will make even
      more significant contributions to dental practice in the future, thereby further
      improving the oral health of all.

PMID- 6373866
TI  - Improvement of diagnostic methods in clinical caries trials.

PMID- 6373867
TI  - Assessing treatment effects in caries trials using ordered categorical data.
AB  - Several methods are available for analyzing the results of caries trials when
      response to treatment is measured on an ordered categorical scale, such as
      Grainger 's Severity Index and modifications of it. These methods are applied to
      data from a randomized clinical caries trial. As the methods become more
      informative, they also become more difficult computationally. The phenomenon of
      reversals and the selection of patients for study are also discussed.

PMID- 6373868
TI  - Dog-ear correction by M-plasty.
AB  - Correcting dog-ears as an M-plasty is a relatively easy procedure to learn and
      perform. Its main advantage is in shortening the length of a wound, and it is a
      useful tool to be added to the cutaneous surgeon's armamentarium.

PMID- 6373869
TI  - Recollections of a dental researcher. Fifty years at the U.S. National Bureau of
      Standards: interviews with George C. Paffenbarger, D.D.S, D.Sc. Part VI.

PMID- 6373870
TI  - Peer assessment of the social behavior of accepted, rejected, and neglected
      children.
AB  - Positive and negative sociometric nominations were used with second and fifth
      grade children to select 26 socially accepted, 32 rejected, and 28 neglected
      children. A total of 358 of their classmates evaluated these children by
      indicating whether each of 19 descriptions of social behavior was characteristic
      of each child. Rejected children were perceived by their peers as being more
      aggressive, disruptive, irritable, domineering , dishonest , and selfish than
      accepted and/or neglected children. Neglected children, in contrast, differed
      from accepted children only in being less likely to brag about physical prowess .
      While the low sociometric status of rejected children appears to be related to
      the negative impact of their behavior on peers, this does not appear to be the
      case for neglected children. Females were generally perceived as behaving more
      positively with peers, but no interactions were found between sex and sociometric
      status. In general, the test-retest reliability of peer evaluation items was
      higher for fifth- than for second-grade children, but significant grade by
      sociometric status interactions were found for only two items.

PMID- 6373871
TI  - The efficacy of relaxation training with children.
AB  - This paper reviews studies that have examined the efficacy of relaxation training
      techniques in the treatment of childhood disorders. Methodological problems
      encountered in doing research in this area resemble those found in working with
      an adult population: imprecise definitions of subject populations and use of a
      variety of dependent variables from one study to another. Findings suggest that
      relaxation training is at least as effective as other treatment approaches for a
      variety of learning, behavioral, and physiological disorders when it is continued
      over an extended period of time and is augmented by other supportive measures.
      Needs for future research include better follow-up studies and further
      investigations with a behaviorally disruptive population.

PMID- 6373872
TI  - John Hunter.

PMID- 6373873
TI  - James B. Hodgkin.

PMID- 6373874
TI  - American Dental Association 1859-1880.

PMID- 6373875
TI  - "Where satisfaction is not given, money will be refunded." John H. Holliday,
      dentist, Dodge City, Kan. 1878.

PMID- 6373876
TI  - Adjusting the dental chair.

PMID- 6373877
TI  - American Dental Association 1918-1928.

PMID- 6373878
TI  - The bright side of dentistry.

PMID- 6373879
TI  - American Dental Association 1929-1945.

PMID- 6373880
TI  - Of serpents and symbols.

PMID- 6373882
TI  - A review of dental radiography.

PMID- 6373881
TI  - American Dental Association 1946-1962.

PMID- 6373883
TI  - American Dental Association 1963-1984.

PMID- 6373884
TI  - A short history of the dental drill.

PMID- 6373885
TI  - Dentistry in the year 2000: a historical perspective.

PMID- 6373886
TI  - Efficacy of nicotine chewing gum in facilitating smoking cessation.

PMID- 6373887
TI  - Acid-etch retained cast metal prostheses: a seven-year retrospective study.
AB  - The results of this study showed: retention rate was good, caries on the retainer
      teeth was almost nonexistent, and the supporting tissue clinically did not appear
      to have a greater incidence of periodontal problems. We believe that these
      results indicate that the cast acid-etch retained anterior prosthesis should be
      considered a permanent restoration and a valuable aid for the dental patient.

PMID- 6373888
TI  - A hundred years of dental history in a Boston building.

PMID- 6373889
TI  - What did Thomas Jefferson mean by "I have not yet lost a tooth by age"?

PMID- 6373890
TI  - The presidents. Sheppard Walter Foster 1925-1926.

PMID- 6373891
TI  - Measurement of specific IgE and IgG antibodies against Aspergillus fumigatus
      antigen in patient sera by use of enzyme immunoassays: influence of different
      procedures of antigen immobilization.
AB  - IgG and IgE antibody titers against Aspergillus fumigatus were measured in
      patient sera by enzyme immunoassays by use of antigens or allergens immobilized
      to different carriers. Specific-IgG antibodies were measured by a double antibody
      layer enzyme immunoassay; specific IgE was determined by Phadezym -RAST
      (Pharmacia Diagnostics). In both cases antigens and allergens were immobilized in
      two ways: first by covalent binding to CNBr-activated paper discs and second by
      spontaneous binding to polystyrene surface of microtiter plates. Much higher IgE
      antibody titers were found with allergens immobilized to paper discs when these
      discs were compared with microtiter plates, which could be explained by a higher
      allergen-binding capacity of activated paper discs. On the contrary, higher IgG
      antibody titers were found with antigens bound to microtiter plates when these
      plates were compared with paper discs. It is concluded that IgG antibodies are
      directed against antigenic components that are preferentially bound to
      polystyrene surfaces.

PMID- 6373892
TI  - The affective domain: behaviors important in entry-level practice.
AB  - Affective behaviors, those associated with attitudes, beliefs, and values, were
      identified by a Delphi panel of dietetic experts. Statements converged through
      four rounds into a set of behaviors categorized into five components: human,
      technical, conceptual, personal, and professional. One group of registered
      dietitians rated each of these statements from most to least important within
      each component. Another group rated each statement using the scale 1 = absolutely
      essential to 4 = not of concern. Mean rankings within each of the five components
      tended to have a small range. Mean ratings of the statements indicated
      respondents considered all of the behaviors to be essential or at least
      important. For an additional analysis, ratings of statements were subjected to
      principal components analysis. Inspection of the varimax-rotated factor matrix
      revealed that all but 1 of the 41 behavior statements could be grouped in an
      additional way to yield six internally consistent scales: initiative/flexibility,
      professional commitment, interpersonal, personal responsibility, leadership, and
      personal commitment. Additional research should be done to determine the
      practicality of utilizing these behavior statements to evaluate the performance
      of dietitians both at the entry level and at more advanced levels.

PMID- 6373893
TI  - Vision care policy.

PMID- 6373894
TI  - Comparison of ibuprofen and acetaminophen-codeine in postoperative foot pain.

PMID- 6373895
TI  - Recent advances in methods of direct optical resolution.
AB  - Very great advances have been made in the field of direct optical resolution of
      organic compounds by chromatographic techniques. Chiral capillary gas
      chromatography now permits a determination of the enantiomeric composition of a
      few nanograms of a compound present in a mixture of many others. Coupled with
      high resolution mass spectrometry the technique will additionally permit
      structural elucidation; of great interest in pheromone research and related
      areas. Analytical separations of enantiomers are now also carried out by high
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods based on a variety of
      principles. Basically, two main types are used, differing as to whether the
      mobile phase has to be a chiral medium or not. Two-dimensional HPLC, whereby
      compounds separated on a non-chiral column are progressively and automatically
      transferred to a chiral column for optical resolution, has been used
      successsfully for chiral amino acid separations. Many different chiral sorbents
      for preparative LC and HPLC resolutions have been prepared; some of these are now
      used in columns capable of producing pure enantiomers from a given racemate at a
      rate of the order of one gram/hour in continuous, automatic HPLC procedures.
      Apart from all important applications of these results of optical resolution
      technology, an increased knowledge of the underlying chiral recognition phenomena
      responsible for enantioselection has also been achieved.

PMID- 6373896
TI  - Preganglionic innervation of the pancreas islet cells in the rat.
AB  - The position and number of preganglionic somata innervating the insulin-secreting
      beta-cells of the endocrine pancreas were investigated in Wistar rats. This
      question was approached by comparing the innervation of the pancreas of normal
      rats with the innervation of the pancreas in alloxan-induced diabetic animals.
      The presumption was made that alloxan treatment destroys the beta-cells of the
      islet of Langerhans and results in a selective degeneration of the beta-cells
      innervation. Cell bodies of preganglionic fibers innervating the pancreas were
      identified by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase following pancreas
      injections. It was found that 25% of the cells innervating the pancreas in the
      left dorsal vagal motor nucleus, 50% of the cells in the ambiguous nucleus and
      50% of the cells innervating the pancreas, that originate in segments C3-C4 of
      the spinal cord, fail to become labeled after alloxan treatment. The position and
      distribution of these cell groups are described in detail and are assumed to be
      involved in preganglionic beta-cell innervation. A second cell population in the
      ventral horn and intermediolateral column of the segments T3-L2 of the cord also
      was labeled in normal rats and was not affected by the alloxan treatment. These
      thoracic cell groups are thus considered as sympathetic preganglionic somata that
      maintain direct connections to the pancreas. Additional preliminary information
      is presented dealing with the general aspects of sympathetic and parasympathetic
      organization of the pancreas innervation.

PMID- 6373897
TI  - The use of radionuclide bone and joint imaging in arthritic and related diseases.
AB  - Patients with arthritic complaints are seen frequently by podiatrists, who must
      establish a differential diagnosis. When combined with the patient's history,
      physical examination, joint aspiration, laboratory data, and radiographs, bone
      and joint scans provide a sensitive and objective means of arriving at an
      accurate diagnosis.

PMID- 6373898
TI  - Pineal gland, photoperiodic responses, and puberty.

PMID- 6373899
TI  - Parallel secretion of salivary proteins by the parotid glands of rats in response
      to various autonomic drugs.

PMID- 6373900
TI  - Studies on the characterization of bovine adipocyte precursor cells and their
      differentiation in vitro, using an indirect-labelled-second-antibody cellular
      immunoassay.
AB  - Antisera with specific reactivity towards adipocyte cell surfaces were prepared
      and characterized. These preparations, absorbed to remove reactivities toward
      other cell types were used in an indirect labelled second antibody cellular
      immunoassay which distinguished bovine adipocyte precursors from fibroblasts and
      which allowed the progress of precursor cell differentiation in culture to be
      monitored with precision and sensitivity. The assay could be modified to use
      fluorescent, rather than radioactively-labelled, second antibody preparations and
      the changing reactivity of differentiating precursors to be visualized. Labelling
      of preparations in this way also allowed precursor cell populations to be
      analysed and quantitated using fluorescence-activated cell sorting technology.

PMID- 6373901
TI  - Surgical treatment of scaphoid pseudarthrosis: evaluation of the results after
      soft tissue arthroplasty and inlay bone grafting.
AB  - A retrospective study of the results after surgical treatment of scaphoid
      nonunion in two orthopedic centers is described. One center used Bentzon 's soft
      tissue-arthroplasty method in 15 cases, and the other center used Matti - Russe
      bone grafting procedure in 32 cases. Of these 47 cases, 46 had established
      pseudarthroses. The clinical results were similar in both methods (average follow
      up time: 61.4 and 44.0 months, respectively). Soft tissue arthroplasty permitted
      an earlier return to work, but the risk of long-term degenerative changes
      developing cannot yet be excluded.

PMID- 6373902
TI  - The use of demineralized xenogeneic bone implants to correct phalangeal defects:
      a case report.
AB  - Demineralized bovine bone blocks and powder were used to reconstruct phalangeal
      defects created by excision of bulging endochondromas . Bony reconstruction was
      documented by roentgenography at 9 weeks and by biopsy at 7 months. Follow-up at
      22 months has shown stability of the implants, further ossification, and no
      recurrence of the phalangeal endochondromas . The use of xenogeneic demineralized
      bone implants promotes induced osteogenesis and rapid healing, avoids harvesting
      procedures, and offers a potentially unlimited supply of banked material.

PMID- 6373903
TI  - Absorbable versus nonabsorbable suture for microneurorrhaphy.
AB  - The results of epineural microneurorrhaphy with use of 10/0 monofilament
      absorbable (Vicryl and Dexon) and nonabsorbable ( Dermalon , Ethilon, and
      Prolene) microsuture were compared in 150 isogeneic male Sprague-Dawley rats.
      After sciatic nerve transection and epineural repair, the animals were observed
      clinically and reexplored before death at intervals from 2 days to 20 weeks. Half
      of the animals were randomly selected for electrodiagnostic studies at 6, 12, and
      20 weeks before sacrificed. We found no significant clinical, electrodiagnostic,
      or histologic differences affecting axonal regeneration that were attributable to
      any of the suture types used. All sutures incited moderate zones of localized
      inflammation acutely. After dissolution, the absorbable group was essentially
      free of inflammation, whereas the nonabsorbable sutures persisted in small local
      granulomas. A possible advantage may be suggested in the use of monofilament
      absorbable sutures for microneural repairs in certain situations.

PMID- 6373904
TI  - Restoration of sensibility to a thumb by the technique of digital nerve
      advancement: a new surgical procedure.
AB  - A groin flap was used to repair avulsion injuries of the nondominant thumb and
      index finger in a 13-year-old boy. The patient demonstrated full range of motion
      in the involved digits but lacked sensibility and a measurable two-point
      discrimination of the thumb. A two-point discrimination of 3 mm and excellent
      subjective sensibility were restored by distal advancement of the digital nerves
      and separation into fascicles across the ulnar aspect of the thumb. A 1 1/2-year
      follow-up period is recorded.

PMID- 6373905
TI  - Anorexia nervosa and bulimia.

PMID- 6373906
TI  - 19th century medicine in Indiana. An 1870 clinical report of an inspired foreign
      body.

PMID- 6373907
TI  - [Proteases from Bacteroides. Screening of enzyme activities and their
      properties].

PMID- 6373908
TI  - [Cultured cell attachment to the root surface of healthy and periodontally
      involved teeth].

PMID- 6373909
TI  - [Observation of Ni-Cr dental alloy/4-META adhesive resin interfaces].

PMID- 6373910
TI  - On phi-phenomena.
AB  - The meaning of "phi" in Max Wertheimer 's 1912 article on seen movement (the
      publication of which marks the beginning of Gestalt psychology) and the import of
      the article itself were topics of a report in this Journal. The claims made in
      that report are questioned here, and a different interpretation of phi and the
      original article is offered.

PMID- 6373911
TI  - Jews and mental illness: medical metaphors, anti-semitism, and the Jewish
      response.
AB  - The idea that Jews were prone to a specific set of illnesses is as old as the
      Middle Ages. In the nineteenth century the view that the Jew was especially prone
      to developing mental illnesses became an accepted part of medical discourse.
      Jewish doctors, too, believed this and had to evolve a means of dealing with
      their own potential madness.

PMID- 6373912
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase (ammonia) in
      adult rat liver; evidence for a heterogeneous distribution.
AB  - Different fixation media have been compared in order to find one that preserves
      the histological structure of rat liver and allows unambiguous
      immunohistochemical detection of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase (ammonia).
      Fixation of rat liver in a mixture of methanol, acetone, and water yields the
      most intense immunohistochemical staining. Using a specific antiserum raised
      against rat liver carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase, less than 1% of the enzyme
      protein is extractable after this fixation procedure, and the histological
      structure is similar to that after fixation in Bouin's fixative. Specific
      immunohistochemical staining is localized exclusively in the cytoplasm of the
      parenchymal cells; its granular distribution is in accordance with the
      mitochondrial localization of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase. Immunohistochemical
      staining shows a heterogeneous distribution within the liver acinus. Staining is
      most intense around the portal venules, decreases slowly toward the hepatic
      venules and is, after an abrupt decrease, virtually absent in a limited area
      surrounding these venules. The possible significance of the heterogeneous
      distribution of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase for ammonia metabolism is
      discussed.

PMID- 6373913
TI  - The distribution of fibronectin in rat tooth and periodontal tissues: an
      immunofluorescence study using a monoclonal antibody.
AB  - The distribution of fibronectin (FN) in longitudinal, buccolingual sections of
      decalcified adult rat periodontium and teeth was studied by indirect
      immunofluorescence using a monoclonal antibody. FN was present in virtually all
      regions of the periodontium, including the gingiva, periodontal ligament, many
      blood vessel walls, alveolar bone, incisor and molar predentine and dentine, and
      molar acellular and cellular cementum. The cementum of the incisor, ameloblasts,
      stratum intermedium and stellate reticulum, and the connective tissue of the pulp
      and the surface of ondontoblasts facing the pulp in the incisor and molar were
      not labeled for FN. FN distribution was not always uniform either within a given
      connective tissue or between different connective tissues of the same organ.

PMID- 6373914
TI  - Lectin-binding histochemistry of non-decalcified growth plate cartilage: a
      postembedment method for light microscopy of epon-embedded tissue.
AB  - A postembedment method for the localization of lectin-binding glycoconjugates was
      developed using Epon-embedded growth plate cartilage from Yucatan miniature
      swine. By testing a variety of etching, blocking, and incubation procedures, a
      standard protocol was developed for 1 micron thick sections that allowed
      visualization of both intracellular and extracellular glycoconjugates with
      affinity for wheat germ agglutinin and concanavalin A. Both fluorescent and
      peroxidase techniques were used, and comparisons were made between direct methods
      and indirect methods using the biotin-avidin bridging system. Differential
      extracellular lectin binding allowed visualization of interterritorial ,
      territorial, and pericellular matrices. Double labeling experiments showed the
      precision with which intracellular binding could be localized to specific
      cytoplasmic compartments, with resolution of binding to the Golgi apparatus,
      endoplasmic reticulum, and nuclear membrane at the light microscopic level. This
      method allows the localization of both intracellular and extracellular lectin
      binding glycoconjugates using fixation and embedment procedures that are
      compatible with simultaneous ultrastructural analysis. As such it should have
      applicability both to the morphological analysis of growth plate organization
      during normal endochondral ossification, as well as to the diagnostic pathology
      of matrix abnormalities in disease states of growing cartilage.

PMID- 6373915
TI  - Vapor fixation for immunocytochemistry and X-ray microanalysis on
      cryoultramicrotome sections.
AB  - Several organic and inorganic vapor fixatives have been tested for their ability
      to stabilize the ultrastructure of freeze-dried thin cryosections. The vapors
      from osmium tetroxide and dry formaldehyde gave a good preservation of the
      ultrastructure. Fixation in formaldehyde vapor preserved the immunoreactivity of
      alpha-amylase in exocrine pancreas, as was demonstrated with an indirect labeling
      technique using anti-alpha-amylase and protein A-gold. A major advantage of the
      use of vapor fixation is that cryosections from a specimen of fresh-frozen tissue
      can be used for immunocytochemistry as well as for X-ray microanalysis, as was
      demonstrated for the exocrine pancreas. This opens the possibility of localizing
      atomic species (X-ray microanalysis) and molecular species (immunocytochemistry)
      at the subcellular level on thin cryosections from the same tissue block.

PMID- 6373916
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of Mullerian inhibiting substance in the rough
      endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus in Sertoli cells of the neonatal calf
      testis using a monoclonal antibody.
AB  - Mullerian Inhibiting Substance (MIS) has been localized in the Sertoli cells of
      the neonatal calf testis using preembedding immunoperoxidase techniques and a
      monoclonal antibody which almost completely blocks the biological activity of
      MIS. Both the peroxidase-labeled antibody method using a peroxidase-conjugated
      F(ab')2 fragment of IgG as a second antibody and the unlabeled antibody
      peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method using Fab fragments of the PAP complex
      were employed. With both methods, MIS was demonstrated within the cisternae of
      the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and the Golgi apparatus. In the Golgi, MIS
      was concentrated in the transmost cisternae especially at their peripheral
      expansions. This study indicates that MIS is synthesized in the RER and
      transported to the Golgi apparatus, presumably for glycosidation, before
      secretion from Golgi derived vacuoles.

PMID- 6373917
TI  - Ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of 5-hydroxytryptamine in gastric
      enterochromaffin cells.
AB  - Enterochromaffin (EC) cells in the gastrointestinal tract are known to contain 5
      hydroxytryptamine (5HT). The probable ultrastructural localization of 5HT in the
      dense core vesicles ( DCVs ) of EC cells is based on the use of histochemical
      techniques, such as argentaffinity and the potassium dichromate reaction. In the
      present paper we describe an immunocytochemical method for specifically
      localizing 5HT in EC cells by electron microscopy. Pieces of mucosa from the
      pyloric region of the rabbit stomach were prepared for electron microscopy by
      fixation in 0.5% glutaraldehyde-picric acid-formaldehyde without osmication , and
      then embedded in LX-112. Thick sections (1 micron) were mounted on glass slides
      and processed for the fluorescence immunocytochemical localization of 5HT. Thin
      sections (60-90 nm) were mounted on formvar-coated slot grids and processed for
      the ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of 5HT. Both the thick and
      thin sections were processed by an identical procedure, beginning with a 30-min
      incubation in anti-5HT antiserum diluted 1:1400, followed by an IgG-FITC-gold
      labeled second antibody. Fluorescent EC cells were consistently observed in the
      thick sections of gastric mucosa. By carefully trimming and sectioning the
      adjacent block face, the identical EC cell could be identified by electron
      microscopy. A quantitative analysis revealed the number of gold particles in EC
      cells to be significantly greater over the cores of DCVs than over the non-core
      cytoplasm or over the nucleus. Absorption of the primary antiserum with 5HT
      abolished all labeling, while absorption with a 5HT precursor, 5
      hydroxytryptophan, did not significantly reduce core labeling. Non-EC epithelial
      cells were not labeled. These results demonstrate that immunoreactive 5HT in EC
      cells is stored in the cores of DCVs .

PMID- 6373918
TI  - Virus-induced enhancement of lymphocyte-mediated antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
      (ADCC) in vitro.
AB  - The effect of Parotis virus on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in vitro
      (ADCC) of human lymphocytes was investigated in a 51Cr-release assay and, at the
      effector cell level, in an ADCC plaque assay. Target cells were bovine or chicken
      erythrocytes, which are not susceptible to natural cytotoxicity (NK) of human
      lymphocytes. They were not killed when incubated with virus-treated lymphocytes
      in the absence of antibodies. Treatment of the lymphocytes or the target cells
      with small amounts of virus, however, resulted in a very significant enhancement
      of ADCC. The same results were obtained with live or UV-inactivated virus,
      suggesting that enhancement was a passive phenomenon not requiring infection.
      Enhancement was already significant after 3 hr of incubation, indicating that it
      was independent of endogenously released interferon. Enhancement of ADCC by virus
      was due to effector cell recruitment rather than due to the increase of the
      cytotoxic potential of the individual K cell. The highest frequency of effector
      cells was present in Percoll fractions enriched in large granular lymphocytes
      (LGL). Virus treatment resulted in recruitment of effector cells carrying T cell
      markers such as the T3 antigen (OKT3+), receptors for sheep erythrocytes, or Fc
      receptors for IgM. In contrast, the absolute number of K cells carrying the HNK-1
      marker (Leu-7) or receptors for C3 fragments was not changed by the virus. It is
      concluded that Parotis virus enhances ADCC by improving effector cell-target cell
      contacts, resulting in recruitment of effector cells with T cell characteristics.
      Recruitment is accompanied by a significant reduction of the antibody
      concentration needed for ADCC induction. This virus-mediated enhancement of ADCC
      may be of importance for protection of the host in the early phases of a virus
      infection in which the amounts of anti-viral IgG antibodies capable of inducing
      cellular cytotoxicity may yet be very small.

PMID- 6373919
TI  - Immunoglobulin synthesis after HLA-identical marrow grafting. V. The role of
      peripheral blood monocytes in the regulation of in vitro immunoglobulin secretion
      stimulated by pokeweed mitogen.
AB  - The ability of purified monocytes to regulate in vitro immunoglobulin (Ig)
      production was examined in 12 patients after HLA-identical marrow grafting. Five
      patients were studied less than 3 mo after grafting and seven more than 1 yr
      after grafting. One of the former had acute graft-vs-host disease and five of the
      latter had chronic graft-vs-host disease. Ficoll-Hypaque-separated peripheral
      blood mononuclear cells from patients, normal marrow donors, or healthy unrelated
      individuals were separated into T and non-T cells by sheep erythrocyte rosetting.
      Highly enriched monocyte and B cell subpopulations were obtained by placing the
      non-T cells over discontinuous Percoll gradients. Co-cultures of patient or
      normal monocyte populations with either normal or patient T and B cells with
      pokeweed mitogen were performed. A hemolytic plaque assay was used to assess Ig
      secretion after 6 days of culture. Co-culture of T and non-T cells from 10 of 12
      patients failed to produce Ig. Monocyte-enriched fractions from all patients
      provided normal accessory cell functions when co-cultured with normal T and B
      cells. Two of five patients with chronic graft-vs-host disease had monocytes that
      suppressed Ig synthesis at high ratios of monocytes to normal T and B cells.
      Normal monocyte-enriched fractions did not restore Ig production to T and B cells
      of patients whose T and non-T cells failed to produce Ig. These data indicate
      that the observed defects in pokeweed mitogen-driven Ig secretion after marrow
      grafting are due primarily to defective T and B cell functions and that the
      monocyte accessory function is intact in most patients studied.

PMID- 6373920
TI  - Analysis of the binding of fluorescent C5a and C3a to human peripheral blood
      leukocytes.
AB  - Fluorescein-labeled human C5a and C3a were prepared and utilized to analyze the
      binding of C5a and C3a to human neutrophils and mononuclear cells. The
      fluorescein derivatives of C5a (Fl-C5a) and C3a (Fl-C3a) contained approximately
      one fluorescein molecule per molecule of protein. Fl-C5a retained biologic
      activity as determined by neutrophil O2- production, enzyme release, receptor
      binding, and reaction with rabbit anti-C5a antibody. Fl-C3a was biologically
      active as measured by contraction of guinea pig ileal strips, and maintained 87%
      of its antigenic character when reacted with rabbit anti-human C3a. The binding
      of Fl-C5a and Fl-C3a to human neutrophils and mononuclear cells was assessed with
      the use of flow cytometry. Fl-C5a bound to greater than 90% of neutrophils, with
      an average ED50 ranging from 2.8 to 6.8 nM, depending on the method of analysis.
      Fl-C5a binding to neutrophils was specific and was not inhibited by the presence
      of formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f-MLP), C3a, or casein. Fl-C5a binding
      was totally blocked by an excess of C5a. C5a des arg partially inhibited the
      binding of Fl-C5a to neutrophils, but was 1000-fold less effective than C5a.
      Similar experiments with mononuclear cells showed that Fl-C5a was bound by
      monocytes but not by lymphocytes. Fl-C5a binding to monocytes was blocked totally
      by C5a but not by C3a or f-MLP. Comparative binding studies with neutrophils,
      monocytes, and lymphocytes showed that Fl-C5a was bound by an average of 93% +/-
      4 of neutrophils, 68% +/- 9 of monocytes, and 6% +/- 3 of lymphocytes. Fl-C3a did
      not show significant binding to neutrophils, monocytes, or lymphocytes. These
      studies demonstrate that fluorescein derivatives of C5a and C3a can be prepared
      with retention of biologic activity, and provide a means to evaluate the binding
      of C5a to individual cells.

PMID- 6373921
TI  - Antibodies from patients with autoimmune disease react with a cytoplasmic antigen
      in the Golgi apparatus.
AB  - In this study we report the identification of an antibody in the sera of some
      patients with autoimmune disease that reacted with a cytoplasmic antigen
      localized within the Golgi apparatus. The antibody reacted with all tissues
      investigated, which included pancreas, kidney, testis, liver, thymus, and spleen.
      In addition, it reacted with some human peripheral circulating lymphocytes,
      murine peritoneal macrophages, and a variety of tissue culture cell lines, which
      included HEp-2 cells (human epithelial carcinoma), baby hamster kidney cells, a
      canine thymus cell line, a primary kidney cell line, Ehrlich ascites cells, Wil-2
      cells, and Raji cells. The antigen is located in the same region stained by the
      histochemical reaction for thiamine pyrophosphatase, thus indicating that the
      antigen is located within the Golgi apparatus. The antigen was not demonstrated
      by immunodiffusion of saline extracts of rabbit thymus, pancreas, or liver. The
      antigen in HEp-2 cells was resistant to RNase A, DNase I, micrococcal nuclease,
      and to extraction with 0.1 N HC1, but was sensitive to trypsin and Proteinase K.
      Eight patients with anti-Golgi antibodies have been identified. Six of the eight
      had systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoantibodies to a Golgi apparatus antigen
      might serve as a useful biologic marker to study the functional relationship of
      the Golgi apparatus to lymphocytes and macrophages.

PMID- 6373922
TI  - Studies of congenitally immunologically mutant New Zealand mice. IX. Age-related
      microenvironmental effects on autoantibody production in NZB and NZB.Xid mice
      studied by transplantation.
AB  - The mechanism of polyclonal expansion of B cells and subsequent autoantibody
      production in New Zealand mice remains a critical question. We have been studying
      the requirements for autoantibody production both in NZB mice as well as NZB mice
      congenic with the Xid gene of CBA/N mice. In this study, we have attempted to
      alter the immunologic phenotype of NZB.Xid mice by transfer of cells from young
      and old NZB mice. There was little difficulty in restoring normal levels of serum
      IgM, IgG3, splenic Lyb-5 cells, and response to DNP-Ficoll in young NZB.Xid mice
      that were injected with young NZB bone marrow cells. Although such animals had an
      almost immediate change in their immune profile to values characteristic of NZB
      mice, they required, much like unmanipulated NZB mice, a latency period of an
      additional 6 mo before autoantibodies were detected. In contrast, adult NZB.Xid
      mice, who likewise developed an immune profile similar to NZB after transfer of
      bone marrow cells from young NZB mice, began to express autoantibodies
      immediately without any latency period. NZB.Xid mice who were recipients of adult
      NZB bone marrow cells did not show sustained autoantibody production, reflecting
      the limited state of B cell precursors in adult NZB mice. Thus, the age of both
      donor cells and the age of recipient mice are critical factors for determining
      the latency period and the age at which autoantibodies will appear. Similarly we
      attempted to alter the production of autoantibodies in NZB mice that were
      irradiated and injected with bone marrow cells from NZB.Xid animals. NZB mice had
      a major amelioration of disease when they received cell transfers from young
      NZB.Xid mice. This amelioration, which included the acquisition of the immune
      profile of NZB.Xid animals, was not seen in adult NZB mice that were recipient of
      young NZB cells. We suggest that although Lyb-5 cells may be the effective
      mechanism for autoantibody production, there are other interacting influences
      that may selectively turn on or turn off autoantibodies and that are required and
      are responsible for the latency period.

PMID- 6373923
TI  - Accessory function and interleukin 1 production by human leukemic cell lines.
AB  - Highly purified T lymphocytes do not proliferate in response to mitogens, unless
      adherent HLA-DR-positive monocytes are added to the culture. This accessory
      function (AF) of monocytes requires the release of interleukin 1 (IL 1). Cells
      from three human leukemic cell lines, K562, HL60, and U937, could very
      efficiently replace monocytes in a 72-hr mitogen-induced T cell proliferation
      assay. The AF was clearly related to precise maturational stages of these cells;
      the hematopoietic precursor K562 cells spontaneously exerted high AF, but lost
      this property when treated with differentiation inducers. On the contrary, the
      promyelocytic HL60 cells and the "histiocytic" U937 cells exhibited no
      spontaneous AF, but acquired this property when induced to differentiate along
      the granulocytic and/or monocytic pathway. Three leukemic cells could not only
      stimulate T cells to proliferate and produce IL 2 in the presence of mitogens,
      but also under appropriate culture conditions these cells could produce IL 1,
      which could not be distinguished from normal human monocyte derived IL 1 by gel
      filtration and isoelectric focusing. Moreover, analysis of phenotypic markers
      revealed that AF and production of IL 1 could be demonstrated in different cell
      types and therefore are not restricted to the monocytic lineage. No HLA-DR
      antigen could be detected on K562 and HL60 cells. Thus, the expression of the DR
      antigens is not required for AF and IL 1 production in response to mitogens.
      These three human leukemic cell lines will provide convenient sources of human IL
      1.

PMID- 6373924
TI  - The role of lipopolysaccharides in the action of the bactericidal/permeability
      increasing neutrophil protein on the bacterial envelope.
AB  - The killing of gram-negative bacteria by the bactericidal/permeability-increasing
      protein ( BPI ) of neutrophils requires surface binding, and is accompanied by a
      discrete increase in outer membrane permeability to small hydrophobic substances.
      This outer membrane alteration appears to be related to perturbation of outer
      membrane lipopolysaccharides (LPS). BPI causes extracellular release of LPS, but
      only at supra-saturating doses. Nevertheless, because the organization of LPS in
      the outer membrane is altered by pretreatment of bacteria with saturating doses
      of BPI (producing maximal bactericidal and permeability-increasing effects), the
      amount of LPS released during Tris-EDTA treatment is reduced by 80%. BPI markedly
      (approximately 50%) and selectively stimulates biosynthesis of LPS, suggesting an
      attempt by BPI -killed bacteria to repair outer membrane damage. The removal of
      surface-bound BPI by 40 mM Mg2+ initiates time- and temperature-dependent repair
      of the outer membrane permeability barrier and a further increase (approximately
      170% of control) in LPS synthesis, even though the bacteria are no longer viable.
      Mg2+-induced repair is blocked when: 1) a temperature-sensitive mutant
      (Salmonella typhimurium HD50 ) with a conditional defect in LPS synthesis is
      incubated at the nonpermissive temperature (42 degrees C); and 2) LPS synthesis
      is selectively inhibited by a diazaborine derivative (Sandoz drug No. 84474). In
      contrast, repair is normal by the mutant at permissive temperatures (30 degrees
      C) and by the parent strain (S. typhimurium AG701 ) at both 30 degrees C and 42
      degrees C. Inhibition (greater than 85%) of protein synthesis by chloramphenicol
      has little or no effect on repair. These findings indicate that the repair of the
      permeability barrier after the removal of BPI from the surface requires newly
      made LPS, but apparently no biosynthesis of other outer membrane constituents,
      which strongly suggests that the effects of BPI on LPS are mainly responsible for
      the break-down of the outer membrane permeability barrier.

PMID- 6373925
TI  - Purification and properties of cytoplasmic granules from cytotoxic rat LGL
      tumors.
AB  - To evaluate the role of NK cell granules in the lytic activity of NK cells,
      cytoplasmic granules of rat NK tumors were purified by centrifugation of the cell
      homogenates in a Percoll gradient. Analysis of such gradients showed a band of
      light-scattering material near the bottom of the tube; assay of gradient
      fractions for lytic activity against SRBC showed a potent lytic activity giving a
      sharp peak in this region. Complete lysis of SRBC was achieved with less than 1
      microgram/ml protein of the most active fractions. Examination in the electron
      microscope showed that a pool of fractions containing lytic activity consisted of
      pure cytoplasmic granules showing similar morphology to those found in the LGL
      tumors. The lytic band was associated with a peak in the activity of four
      different lysosomal enzymes. Analysis of Percoll gradient fractions showed that
      marker enzymes for mitochondria, plasma membrane, and cytosol were well separated
      from this activity peak. Analysis of the Percoll gradient fractions by SDS gel
      electrophoresis showed that this granule fraction was free of contamination of
      proteins from other parts of the gradient. The granules contained major protein
      bands of 62, 58, 30, 29, and 28 kilodaltons. In addition to protein, the purified
      granule fractions contain hexose and uronic acid, but no nucleic acids or
      phospholipids were detected in chemical assays. Major amounts of chymotryptic,
      tryptic, and elastase activities were not present, nor were peroxidase or
      lysozyme activities detectable in substantial amounts. These data show that NK
      tumor cell cytoplasmic granules contain a potent lytic activity and have
      biochemical properties that distinguish them from granules present in
      granulocytes and mast cells.

PMID- 6373926
TI  - Effect of blood transfusion on allograft survival in mice.

PMID- 6373927
TI  - In vitro human lymphocyte responses to Cryptococcus neoformans. Evidence for
      primary and secondary responses in normals and infected subjects.
AB  - Cryptococcus neoformans causes meningitis and disseminated infection in healthy
      individuals, but more commonly in hosts with defective immune responses. To study
      the role of immune lymphocytes in protection and recovery from this infection, in
      vitro lymphocyte proliferative responses to whole killed organisms were
      characterized in normal controls and in patients with cryptococcosis. Several
      differences were found between these two groups. All normal individuals were
      found to have significant proliferative responses to cryptococci in vitro;
      however, patients recovering from infection had accelerated and augmented
      responses. Patients' T cells, but not control T cells, were found to produce
      interleukin 2 (IL 2) during initial stimulation in vitro. After in vitro priming,
      mononuclear cells from normal controls rechallenged with cryptococci in vitro
      demonstrated accelerated kinetics and IL 2 production similar to that of cells
      from recovering patients. Proliferative responses in normals required T cells and
      antigen-presenting cells, and resulted in an increase in the proportion of T8+
      and Tac+ cells in the responding population by the ninth day of primary
      stimulation. An increase in Tac+ cells, but not T8+ cells, was found by the
      fourth day of secondary stimulation. These results demonstrate in vivo
      acquisition of T cell responsiveness to the organism in this small group of
      recovering patients, and in vitro acquisition of T cell recognition of this
      antigen by normal T cells during primary stimulation. The data suggest that these
      responses represent in vitro priming to cryptococci and indicate a role for the
      T8+ lymphocyte subpopulation, both unusual findings for previously described in
      vitro responses to soluble antigens.

PMID- 6373928
TI  - Mononuclear cell-mediated enhancement of granulocyte function in man.
AB  - Human monocyte-enriched mononuclear cells (MNC) (greater than 95% monocytes)
      powerfully stimulated the antibody-dependent killing of tumor cells by purified
      human neutrophils (NE) or eosinophils (EO). The enhancement was observed when the
      mononuclear cell to granulocyte ratio was as low as 1:100. Media conditioned by
      MNC also stimulated antibody-dependent killing by NE and EO as well as the uptake
      and killing of Candida albicans by NE. There was a heterogeneity amongst
      individuals in the capacity of their MNC to elaborate this factor, and
      approximately 15% of individuals did not produce detectable factor. Different
      factors in the MNC supernatant were involved in NE and EO activation. The EO
      activating factor (AF) had a m.w. of approximately 27,000 and migrated as a
      single band on phenyl-Sepharose chromatography. The NE-AF had a m.w. of 22,000
      and migrated as two distinct bands on phenyl-Sepharose chromatography. EO-colony
      stimulating factor (CSF) co-purified with EO-AF, and granulocyte-macrophage-CSF
      co-purified with both bands of NE-AF. It is concluded that MNC elaborate CSF-like
      molecules that powerfully stimulate human granulocyte function.

PMID- 6373929
TI  - Phenotypic characterization of human T lymphocyte populations producing
      macrophage-activating factor (MAF) lymphokines.
AB  - Human T lymphocytes, which are known to produce lymphokines that can activate
      monocytes and macrophages, can be subdivided into two functionally relevant
      subsets, as indicated by the expression of the T4 and T8 antigens. To determine
      whether one or both of these T cell subsets is capable of generating macrophage
      activating factor(s) (MAF) after stimulation with lectin, soluble antigen, or
      cell surface alloantigen, highly purified populations of T4 or T8 cells were
      cultured in medium containing PHA, tetanus toxoid-soluble antigen, or allogeneic
      B lymphoblastoid cells. The resultant culture supernatants were tested for the
      presence of MAF activity, as manifested by the activation of human peripheral
      blood monocytes to perform enhanced cytotoxicity and cytostasis against a murine
      tumor cell line, or to perform antibody-dependent cytotoxicity against anti-RhD
      coated human erythrocytes. Both isolated T4 or T8 cells were able to produce MAF
      activity after stimulation with either PHA or alloantigens, but only the T4
      subset generated MAF in response to stimulation with tetanus toxoid. These
      results coincide with the proliferative capacity of the isolated T subsets to
      respond to the same stimulators, and demonstrate that the ability to generate MAF
      lymphokines is not subset restricted.

PMID- 6373930
TI  - Activation of the alternative complement pathway by isolated human glomerular
      basement membrane.
AB  - The capacity of isolated human glomerular basement membrane (GBM) to initiate
      surface activation of the human alternative complement pathway was defined by the
      deposition of C3b under circumstances in which the classical complement pathway
      was inoperative. The deposition of C3b from normal or C2-deficient serum was time
      and magnesium-dependent, implying a role for the alternative pathway. Normal
      human serum rendered deficient in D did not sustain C3b deposition until its
      reconstitution with D, indicating an absolute requirement for a protein unique to
      the alternative pathway and essential to the cleavage activation of the C3
      amplification convertase of that pathway. The capacity of the excess control
      proteins H and I to prevent C3b deposition onto GBM incubated in C2-deficient
      serum provided further evidence for the direct activation of the alternative
      pathway in this system. The use of radiolabeled monoclonal antibody to localize
      the deposited C3b afforded specificity and quantitation of about 100 ng of C3b/mg
      of GBM. Immunohistochemical analysis with a monoclonal antibody to detect C3b
      demonstrated its deposition to be confined to the epithelial surface of the GBM.

PMID- 6373931
TI  - Tumoricidal activity of human monocytes: evidence for cytolytic function distinct
      from that of NK cells.

PMID- 6373932
TI  - Production and characterization of species-specific monoclonal antibodies against
      Leishmania donovani for immunodiagnosis.
AB  - Sixteen species-specific monoclonal antibodies were produced against membranes of
      Leishmania donovani. These antibodies only reacted with determinants present on
      L. donovani. No cross-reactions were found with any other species of Leishmania
      or with membranes of Trypanosoma cruzi. An extensive analysis of the binding
      specificities of selected antibodies was carried out by using whole promastigote
      homogenates as antigen. Monoclonal antibodies D-1, D-2, D-3, and D-4 correctly
      identified all 44 L. donovani stocks from a cross-panel of 84 New and Old World
      Leishmania stocks. Antibodies D-1 and D-2 were also useful for species
      classification by immunofluorescence. No cross-reactions were observed with any
      other Leishmania species examined. Based on either Western blot and/or
      radioimmunoprecipitation analyses, five distinct groups of molecules associated
      with L. donovani-specific antigenic determinants were identified. These molecules
      range in m.w. from 18 to 84 kilodaltons. The antigenic molecules recognized by
      antibodies D-2, D-10, and D-13 are also recognized by antibodies present in sera
      from patients with visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar). Kala-azar sera obtained
      from cases in both the Old and New World specifically compete with these
      monoclonal antibodies for the appropriate antigenic determinants in Western blot
      analysis. These monoclonal antibodies and/or the purified protein antigens may be
      useful in the development of a serologic assay for the clinical diagnosis of
      visceral leishmaniasis caused by L. donovani and in epidemiologic studies of
      leishmaniasis.

PMID- 6373933
TI  - Synergism between lymphokines and muramyl dipeptide encapsulated in liposomes: in
      situ activation of macrophages and therapy of spontaneous cancer metastases.
AB  - Murine alveolar macrophages (AM) can be rendered tumoricidal after the i.v.
      injection of multilamellar vesicles (MLV) containing muramyl dipeptide (MDP) at a
      minimum dose of approximately 0.6 micrograms or less than a 10-fold dilution of
      cellfree culture supernatants from mitogen-stimulated F-344 rat lymphocytes rich
      in macrophage-activating factor (MAF) activity. Neither MAF at dilutions
      exceeding 1/10 nor MDP at doses lower than approximately 0.6 micrograms activated
      AM in situ to become tumor cytotoxic. The combination of these agents at
      subthreshold amounts (MAF 1/20, MDP 0.3 microgram), however, activated AM to
      significant levels of cytotoxicity. The synergism between MAF and MDP
      encapsulated in liposomes was also observed in therapeutic studies of mice
      bearing well established, spontaneous lung and lymph node metastases. Multiple
      i.v. injections of liposomes containing either 6.25 micrograms MDP or a 1/2
      dilution of MAF resulted in the long-term survival (greater than 250 days) of 30%
      of the treated mice. Neither liposomes containing MAF at a 1/20 dilution nor MDP
      at doses lower than 0.6 microgram were therapeutically effective. Multiple
      injections of liposomes containing subthreshold amounts (MAF 1/20; and MDP 0.3
      micrograms) of these agents, however, resulted in 50% survival in the treated
      group. These data allow us to conclude that the encapsulation of MAF and MDP
      within the same MLV is more efficient in inducing the destruction of metastases
      than either agent administered alone.

PMID- 6373934
TI  - Successful immunotherapy with intraperitoneal Corynebacterium parvum in a murine
      ovarian cancer model is associated with the recruitment of tumor-lytic
      neutrophils into the peritoneal cavity.
AB  - The rejection of a murine ovarian teratocarcinoma (MOT) after i.p. injection of
      Corynebacterium parvum was investigated. Treatment with C. parvum (1400
      micrograms) 24 hr after i.p. inoculation of a lethal number of tumor cells (10(5]
      induced an antitumor effect that cured 75 to 95% of the mice. Morphologic
      analysis and an in vivo cytotoxicity assay that measured the rate of
      disappearance of radioactivity from the peritoneal cavity after injection of
      125IUdR-labeled tumor cells indicated that the antitumor effect was initiated
      during the first 24 hr after C. parvum injection. During this period of time,
      host effector cells retrieved from the peritoneal cavity prevented tumor growth
      in a Winn assay and lysed radiolabeled MOT targets in a 4-hr Cr-release assay.
      After separation of peritoneal inflammatory cells on a Percoll gradient,
      neutrophil-enriched fractions demonstrated significant in vitro tumor lysis, but
      neutrophil-depleted populations were ineffective. Microscopic analysis of lysis
      at the single cell level confirmed that neutrophils were binding to and lysing
      MOT targets. Further characterization of these tumor cytolytic neutrophils
      revealed that they are nylon wool-adherent, not generated in indomethacin
      pretreated mice (but effectively generated in whole body-irradiated mice), and
      achieve lysis within 30 min after binding to MOT targets. These results indicate
      that neutrophils must be considered potential antitumor effectors that can be
      recruited by treatment with biologic response modifiers.

PMID- 6373935
TI  - Reduced expression of Ia antigens by thymic epithelial cells of aged mice.
AB  - Thymic Ia antigen expression was examined with biochemical and
      immunohistochemical techniques. We found that expression of Ia antigens was
      reduced in thymic tissue of aged mice and that much of this loss was associated
      with cortical thymic epithelial cells. The ontologic pattern of Ia antigen
      expression in the thymus closely followed that observed for thymic weight,
      reaching maximal values at 4 wk of age and declining thereafter.

PMID- 6373936
TI  - Liposome-mediated immunoassays for small haptens (digoxin) independent of
      complement.
AB  - A lipid vesicle-mediated immunoassay for small haptens (digoxin) is described.
      Using a detergent removal procedure for vesicle formation, a water-soluble marker
      system like alkaline phosphatase is stably entrapped within 150-200 nm
      unilamellar lipid vesicles composed of egg yolk lecithin and cholesterol.
      Specific lysis of the lipid vesicles is achieved upon addition of a hapten
      melittin conjugate. Inhibition or modulation of this lysis by the hapten-melittin
      conjugate can then be achieved by adding stoichiometric amounts of high affinity
      antibody. Finally, the antibody inhibition of hapten-melittin lysis can be
      modulated by the addition of competing amounts of free hapten. This assay
      approach is simple, fast, highly sensitive, and versatile such that it can be
      carried out in either a homogeneous or heterogeneous mode. Furthermore, unlike
      all other liposome-mediated immunoassays, complement is not required for lysis.

PMID- 6373937
TI  - A new microtechnique for quantitating cell movement in vitro using polystyrene
      bead monolayers.
AB  - In this paper we describe a new and simple technique for studying cell movement
      in vitro. This method is based upon the migration of endothelial cells on
      polystyrene bead monolayers. It permits the rapid preparation and screening of
      multiple 96-well plates for effects on migration, requires fewer samples per test
      and has the potential for precise quantitation by digital image analysis. The
      locomotive response of endothelial cells in response to different protein
      matrices (fibrin, collagen, albumin, gelatin), as used by this technique, is also
      described. Experiments in progress have shown that this technique can be used to
      study the effect of different factors (monoclonal antibodies, lymphokines, etc.)
      on cell migration, and that it may be used with other cell types which exhibit
      cell migration on substrates in vitro.

PMID- 6373938
TI  - Detection of intracytoplasmic antigens by flow cytometry.
AB  - A new technique is described for the detection of intracellular antigens by
      immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. The technique utilizes lysolecithin
      (lysophosphatidylcholine), a naturally occurring phospholipid, to permeabilize
      cell membranes and allow antibodies to reach intracellular antigens. The
      technique is rapid and sensitive, and retains sufficient integrity of the cells
      being treated to enable differentiation of cell types on the basis of light
      scatter (e.g., lymphocytes from monocytes). Permeabilization of cells following
      lysolecithin was assessed using standard techniques including trypan blue
      exclusion, propidium iodide staining, and hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate.
      Lysolecithin treatment was accompanied by only minimal increases in non-specific
      background fluorescence, and no increase in autofluorescence. Our studies have
      demonstrated that lysolecithin treatment of human mononuclear cell populations
      permits flow cytometric analysis of cytoskeletal structures, including
      intermediate filaments, as well as cytoplasmic immunoglobulin. Studies currently
      in progress in our laboratory have demonstrated broad intracellular reactivity
      with some monoclonal antibodies identifying leukocyte differentiation and tumor
      associated antigens. These findings contrast with the more restricted expression
      of these antigens on the cell surface and demonstrate not only the value of the
      lysolecithin technique but also the importance of the study of intracellular
      antigens in our overall understanding of the specificity, distribution,
      synthesis, and function of cellular antigens.

PMID- 6373939
TI  - Monoclonal antibody testing of lymphocytes after overnight storage.
AB  - Often monoclonal antibody testing of lymphocytes is not performed until the day
      after blood collection for reasons of convenience or due to the need to transport
      the blood to other facilities. In order to determine whether accurate results can
      be obtained on the day after collection, we compared results obtained after
      storage overnight at 4 degrees C or 22 degrees C with results obtained with fresh
      lymphocytes. Lymphocytes from 24 normal individuals were evaluated with 10
      monoclonal antibodies using an immunofluorescence technique with analysis by flow
      cytofluorometry. There were markedly altered results obtained with lymphocytes
      separated on the day after collection from whole blood stored at 4 degrees C.
      Lymphocytes separated from whole blood stored at 22 degrees C showed moderate
      changes in reactivity with some monoclonal antibodies. Lymphocytes that were
      separated from fresh blood and then stored at 4 degrees C or 22 degrees C showed
      results similar to fresh lymphocytes. These results underscore the importance of
      proper processing of blood samples to avoid misinterpretation of results.

PMID- 6373940
TI  - A reliable method for reconstituting thymectomized, lethally irradiated guinea
      pigs with bone marrow cells.
AB  - We developed a reliable method for reconstituting thymectomized, lethally
      irradiated guinea pigs. Injection of 2.5-10 X 10(7) syngeneic bone marrow cells
      into adult thymectomized, lethally irradiated guinea pigs produced survival of 46
      100% of treated animals. Gentamycin sulfate (5 mg/kg of body weight) for 10 days
      was required for optimal results. Acidified drinking water (pH 2.5) appeared to
      be required for optimal results. Thymectomized, lethally irradiated, bone marrow
      reconstituted ('B') guinea pigs had impaired ability to develop delayed cutaneous
      hypersensitivity to mycobacterial antigens and cutaneous basophil
      hypersensitivity to keyhole limpet hemocyanin; proliferative responses to
      phytohemagglutinin were impaired.

PMID- 6373941
TI  - Re: Apparent staining of mast cells for fibronectin with a peroxidase
      antiperoxidase method on formalin fixed sections.

PMID- 6373942
TI  - IMA: its origin, role and prospects.

PMID- 6373943
TI  - Variation in H-2 antigen expression on lymphomyeloid cells in semi-allogeneic
      irradiation chimeras.
AB  - Spleen cells from 30 individual murine irradiation chimeras of the type (P1 X
      P2)F1----P1 were compared in a rosetting assay for H-2K and H-2D cell surface
      antigen expression with normal (P1 X P2)F1 hybrid controls. Eleven out of the 30
      chimeras were in the normal range, but the other 19 differed from F1 controls by
      4- to 100-fold in endpoint titre for at least one H-2K or H-2D antigen. Every
      possible class of variation was found, i.e. up or down variation of H-2K or H-2D
      antigens of P1 or P2 type. This evidence, together with data from T6 chromosome
      marker experiments which also showed full reconstitution of lethally irradiated
      P1 recipients by (P1 X P2)F1 donor lymphomyeloid stem cells, suggested that
      incomplete reconstitution was not the cause of H-2 antigenic variation. Low
      expression of P2 H-2 antigens on spleen cells derived from (P1 X P2)F1----P1
      chimeras was investigated further. Fifteen lethally irradiated (P1 X P2)F1
      recipients of bone marrow cells from two such chimeras were all of normal F1 H-2
      phenotype when tested 10-12 weeks after reconstitution, thus excluding stable,
      low P2 H-2-expressing variant F1 stem cells as a cause of the phenomenon. If P1
      recipients were hyperimmunized against P2 cells before lethal irradiation and
      reconstitution with (P1 X P2)F1 stem cells, there were significantly fewer Till-
      McCulloch colonies in their spleens 10 days after reconstitution than in spleens
      of unimmunized controls. Also greater than 90% of immunized recipients died by 6
      weeks after stem cell injection but two survivors both showed very low levels of
      P2 H-2K and H-2D antigens. These results together with previously published
      evidence of anti-P2 Tc cell activity and P2 skin graft rejection in (P1 X P2)F1--
      -P1 chimeras suggested that residual anti-P2 immunological capability in lethally
      irradiated P1 recipients may be associated with low P2 H-2 expression on their F1
      derived spleen cells, although the mechanism does not involve selection of
      stable, variant F1 stem cells. The mechanism(s) of other classes of variation in
      H-2 expression in (P1 X P2)F1----P1 chimeras were not investigated.

PMID- 6373944
TI  - Use of pit and fissure sealants by Indiana dentists and auxiliaries: status
      report.

PMID- 6373945
TI  - The role of infectious agents in the aetiology and pathogenesis of childhood
      nephrotic syndrome in Africa.
AB  - Childhood nephrotic syndrome is common in Africa where infectious agents are
      prevalent. This paper reviews the possible aetiological role of infectious agents
      in childhood nephrotic syndrome in Africa. There is a strong association,
      possibly causal, between childhood nephrotic syndrome on the one hand and
      Plasmodium malariae, Schistosoma mansoni and hepatitis B antigens on the other.
      Beta-haemolytic streptococci are less strongly associated with nephrotic
      syndrome, and a few other organisms are suspect. The many ubiquitous infectious
      agents and the prevalence of multiple infections make it difficult to define the
      role of any single infectious agent or to determine the interaction between the
      various agents. Control or eradication of infectious diseases should lower the
      incidence of childhood nephrotic syndrome in Africa.

PMID- 6373946
TI  - Defective phagocytic and bactericidal function of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in
      patients with beta-thalassaemia major.
AB  - The phagocytic and bactericidal activity of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL)
      obtained from 50 non-splenectomised patients with homozygous beta-thalassaemia
      was studied. Polymorphonuclear leucocytes suspended in the serum of patients from
      whom they were derived ingested fewer Escherichia coli, 72.2 +/- 21.8 (mean +/-
      s.d.) per 50 PMNLs compared with 144.5 +/- 36.8 bacteria phagocytosed by PMNLs
      from healthy volunteers and suspended in normal serum (P less than 0.01). Killing
      of ingested bacteria by the PMNLs from patients was also significantly reduced.
      These abnormalities are in part serum-associated and are due to the presence of
      heat-labile inhibitor(s) in the patients' serum. When PMNLs from patients were
      suspended in patients' heat-inactivated serum, phagocytosis increased to 99.2 +/-
      29.2 (P less than 0.01). Similar improvement was noted in PMNL bactericidal
      activity. These abnormalities provide additional information that helps to
      explain the increased susceptibility to bacterial infections of patients with
      homozygous beta-thalassaemia.

PMID- 6373947
TI  - An experimental model for pyogenic liver abscess.
AB  - We have developed a reproducible small-animal model for pyogenic liver abscess,
      suitable for investigating diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Male New
      Zealand white rabbits weighing 2-3 kg were anaesthetized and the liver exposed.
      Gentle pressure was applied with forceps to the right hepatic lobe. A suspension
      of 10(5) colony forming units (cfu) Escherichia coli plus Fusobacterium
      necrophorum (10(6) cfu) plus Bacteroides fragilis (10(6) cfu) was immediately
      injected into a mesenteric vein. Two weeks later a palpable mass (mean diameter 4
      cm) had developed. Thick pus could be aspirated percutaneously. Necropsy revealed
      a single, but often multiloculated, abscess at the site of the previous trauma.
      Injection of E. coli alone did not produce any abscesses and B. fragilis alone
      only small abscesses, with low and variable frequency. Inoculation with F.
      necrophorum alone produced large abscesses, and a dose-response relationship was
      established. This is a simple and reliable small-animal model useful in studies
      of imaging techniques, antibiotic regimens and invasive treatments for pyogenic
      liver abscess.

PMID- 6373948
TI  - A new rapid semi-quantitative enzyme immunoassay suitable for determining
      immunity to tetanus.
AB  - A sensitive enzyme immunoassay for rapidly assessing a patient's state of
      immunity to tetanus is described. The test, which uses 50 microliter sample of
      blood, plasma or serum, is done in a capillary tube and, by comparison with two
      adjacent reference tubes containing standardised sera, places immunity to tetanus
      in one of three categories--low-negative (less than 0.01 IU/ml), intermediate
      (0.01-1.28 IU/ml) or high (greater than 1.28 IU/ml). In a study of 90 clinical
      specimens assayed both by toxin neutralisation bioassay and capillary enzyme
      immunoassay the enzyme immunoassay accurately assessed the state of immunity to
      tetanus of the patients concerned.

PMID- 6373949
TI  - Trimethoprim-resistant Escherichia coli in a geriatric hospital.
AB  - A total of 1751 strains of Escherichia coli was collected from the Turku City
      Hospital in 1981-1982. Of these, 81 per cent were from patients aged 65 years or
      more. Total trimethoprim resistance was about 22 per cent of strains studied.
      There was a significant difference between the trimethoprim resistance of strains
      from those patients with a urinary tract catheter (38 per cent) and those without
      such a catheter (13.4 per cent) (P less than 0.001).

PMID- 6373950
TI  - Isolation of Gardnerella vaginalis from routine genito-urinary tract specimens.
AB  - Routine screening of 2374 high vaginal swabs yielded 132 cultures (5.6 per cent)
      which were positive for Gardnerella vaginalis. Thirty-four of the strains were
      isolated together with Candida albicans and 46 with Trichomonas vaginalis. One
      hundred and twenty (90.9 per cent) of the isolates were from females between the
      ages of 16 and 40 years. One hundred and nineteen (90 per cent) patients sought
      medical advice because of a history of discharge (88) or inflammation (31). The
      other 13 (10 per cent) had some other complaint or underlying disease. All 132
      strains hydrolysed hippurate and fermented starch. Ninety-three (70.5 per cent)
      were isolated from swabs without clue cells. Seventy-seven were from nonpurulent
      samples; the remainder were from samples with varying numbers of pus cells. All
      but two strains appeared sensitive to metronidazole when tested with discs
      containing 50 micrograms, but none when discs contained 5 micrograms of the drug.
      During the study C. albicans was isolated from 571 swabs (24 per cent) and T.
      vaginalis was found in 112 (4.7 per cent); in 19 (0.8 per cent) swabs both were
      detected. Five of 71 (7 per cent) specimens of uncentrifuged urine with more than
      100 pus cells/microliter and two of 30 (6.6 per cent) seminal fluids with
      moderate numbers of pus cells yielded moderate to profuse growth of G. vaginalis.
      The patients concerned were not receiving antibiotics and other significant
      organisms had not been found by conventional cultural techniques.

PMID- 6373951
TI  - Benign cryptococcaemia.
AB  - The most familiar clinical presentation of cryptococcal disease is subacute
      lymphocytic meningitis, generally in immunocompromised patients. Isolation of
      Cryptococcus neoformans from the bloodstream has been regarded as a grave
      prognostic sign, but we have recently seen a patient with cryptococcaemia which
      had an unusually benign course.

PMID- 6373952
TI  - [Endoscopic injection of Teflon in urinary incontinence in women].
AB  - Over a one year period (September 1981 - September 1982) the authors carried out
      the subcervical injection of Teflon in 26 cases, 20 of which were suitable for
      inclusion in the present study. All the patients had true stress incontinence.
      Nine had undergone previous surgery, 8 had sphincter incompetence with an intact
      perineum and 3 were obese and/or in poor general condition. The technique was as
      follows: injection on the bladder aspect of the neck of the urethra of Teflon
      paste in the form of 3 blobs , each of 3 ml (3, 6 and 9 hours) in half of the
      patients and 4 blobs (12, 3, 6 and 9 hours) in the other 10 cases. The commonest
      complication was the spontaneous expulsion of the Teflon paste (6 cases). Results
      were estimated as follows: Objectively on the basis of radiological, endoscopic
      and urodynamic findings, and subjectively. They were favourable in 65% of cases.

PMID- 6373953
TI  - [A glimpse of the current knowledge on the physiology of the epididymis].
AB  - The author reviews current knowledge of the physiology of the epididymis under
      several headings devoted essentially to organogenesis, structure, role in the
      transport and storage of spermatozoa, changes undergone by spermatozoa, the
      constitution of epididymal fluid and factors involved in variations in epididymal
      activity.

PMID- 6373954
TI  - [Bibliographic data on the diagnosis and treatment of male impotence of arterial
      origin].

PMID- 6373955
TI  - [Efficacy and tolerability of Negram Forte in the treatment and prevention of
      urinary infections in urologic surgery].
AB  - The authors sought to assess the efficacy and tolerance of a new oral form of
      nalidixic acid in the treatment of infections encountered in urological surgery.
      The study was based upon 30 cases. The urine was considered to be infected when
      more than 10(5)/ml organisms were present. Amongst 27 patients undergoing
      surgery, in 26 cases the operation was an endo-cavitary procedure involving the
      upper or lower urinary tract. The 3 non-surgical cases consisted of one patient
      with cystitis and two with prostatitis. In 6 patients, treatment was preventive,
      the urine being sterile before urological surgery. In the other 24, infection was
      present at the time that treatment was begun. E. coli present in 20 patients was
      the predominant organism in the series. Tolerance of treatment was perfect in 27
      cases. In the 6 cases of preventive treatment, prescription of the drug prevented
      a postoperative infection. In the 24 patients receiving curative treatment, there
      were 7 failures (29%) and 3 late recurrences (12.5%). Failures were all the more
      frequent when the dose was lower. The authors equally felt that the prescription
      of 4 grams per day in one case was unsuitable. Organisms isolated when treatment
      was seen to have failed were all resistant to nalidixic acid. In the context of
      urological surgery, where there is often a cause of reinfection (catheters), the
      prescription of a high dose of the drug is an essential factor in decreasing the
      risk factor inherent in treatment.

PMID- 6373956
TI  - Human keratinocytes synthesize, secrete, and deposit fibronectin in the
      pericellular matrix.
AB  - Fibronectin production by human keratinocytes cultured in serum-free, low-calcium
      medium without a fibroblast feeder layer was examined using several techniques.
      Immunohistochemical examination confirmed that the cultures were not contaminated
      with fibroblasts or Langerhans cells. By indirect immunofluorescence, fibronectin
      appeared as intracellular granules within all cells and as short radial fibrils
      between the cells and the substratum, and in the pericellular matrix. Conditioned
      media taken from 4-, 6-, 8-, 10-, and 12-day cultures contained fibronectin as
      measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in proportion to the cell number in
      cultures. Synthesis of fibronectin by 7-day keratinocyte cultures was determined
      by 18-h [35S]methionine metabolic labeling followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Fibronectin accounted for
      12% of the secreted protein under these culture conditions. Our results indicate
      that human keratinocytes under conditions that prevent terminal differentiation
      in vitro can synthesize, secrete, and deposit fibronectin in the extracellular
      matrix.

PMID- 6373957
TI  - Langerhans cell production of interleukin-1.
AB  - Epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) are related to certain cells of the monocyte
      macrophage lineage and to other dendritic cells. While epidermal LC and
      macrophages bear receptors for the Fc portion of IgG, other dendritic cells do
      not. However, unlike human dendritic cells from peripheral blood, LC bear the
      antigen against which the OKT6 antibody is directed. Within the skin this
      antibody binds only to LC or indeterminate cells. Functionally LC and dendritic
      cells can present antigen to sensitized T cells and are capable of stimulating
      allogenic T cells. Since lymphokines are thought to play an important role in T
      cell activation and since LC are potent stimulators of antigen-specific T-cell
      proliferation, we investigated whether LC could produce interleukin-1 (IL-1). Our
      initial studies revealed that whole epidermal cell suspensions comprised of LC,
      keratinocytes, and melanocytes produce a factor that is similar to macrophage
      derived IL-1. We termed this factor epidermal cell-derived thymocyte-activating
      factor ( ETAF ). Using a panning technique we obtained a highly enriched (up to
      97%) population of LC which constitutively produced significant IL-1-like
      activity. Using an antibody against the monocyte-derived leukocytic pyrogen (LP)
      which has been shown to inhibit IL-1 activity, we were able to inhibit IL-1
      activity from LC-enriched cultures. The results of this study indicate that
      within the epidermis there are at least two cell populations, keratinocytes and
      LC, that can constitutively secrete potentially important soluble
      immunostimulatory factors.

PMID- 6373958
TI  - Biology of Langerhans cells: analysis by experiments to deplete Langerhans cells
      from human skin.
AB  - In vivo studies have demonstrated that various treatments of skin, e.g., UV
      irradiation, topical corticosteroids, and tape-stripping, will temporarily
      deplete the epidermis of Langerhans cells (LC). Whether this loss represents
      simply a loss of cell surface markers unique to LC, or actual depletion of cells,
      is unknown. By design, normal human skin transplanted to the congenitally athymic
      (nude) mouse is a system devoid of circulating precursors for human LC. Because
      LC have been shown to be of bone marrow origin, any depletion of these cells in
      this system should be permanent. Treatments to deplete LC from human skin grafts
      on nude mice after grafting included: (a) large doses of UV radiation (400 mJ/cm2
      every 48 h, X 3), (b) potent high-dose topical corticosteroids (2.5 mg
      betamethasone valerate/cm2 every day, X 5), (c) tape-stripping (X 20). Treatments
      before grafting included: (a) treating donor skin with 900 R of gamma
      irradiation, (b) complement fixing monoclonal antibody to Ia-like antigens of LC,
      followed by fresh complement, (c) monoclonal antibody conjugated to toxins.
      Quantitation of the number of LC was analyzed on control and treated epidermal
      sheets using immunodiagnostic reagents, anti-HLA-DR, and surface ectoenzymes ,
      ATPase. Results show that both UV irradiation and topical corticosteroids reduce
      the number of LC by these analyses. However, within 3 weeks, recovery to
      pretreatment levels has occurred. X-irradiation and tape-stripping were without
      effect. Despite evidence that the monoclonal antibody, complement, and toxic
      systems were delivered to the LC within the epidermis, there is no evidence that
      these treatments resulted in a decrease in LC. It appears that LC are currently
      either long-lived or replaced locally from a proliferative pool and that certain
      cell membrane determinants of human LC are somewhat differentially sensitive to
      UV radiation and corticosteroids.

PMID- 6373959
TI  - Normal rabbit Merkel cells do not express neurofilament proteins.
AB  - Three hundred and five normal Merkel cells (MC) were studied in rabbit lip
      specimens by a double indirect immunofluorescence technique using both
      neurofilament (NF) antiserum and a monoclonal antibody to rabbit MC. NF proteins
      were not found to be expressed in MC. This suggests that MC are not neural cells
      and that NF-positive neuroendocrine carcinomas of the skin do not derive from MC.

PMID- 6373960
TI  - George Gee Jackson: an appreciation.

PMID- 6373961
TI  - A randomized, controlled trial of the toxin-blocking effects of B subunit in
      family members of patients with cholera.
AB  - A randomized, controlled field trial was performed to test the ability of B
      subunit, the nontoxic, binding portion of cholera toxin, to block the toxin
      receptors (GM1 ganglioside) in the small intestine and thereby prevent diarrhea
      in individuals infected with Vibrio cholerae O1. Of 1,922 family contacts of 370
      index patients selected randomly to receive orally on two successive days either
      B subunit (low dose, 1.0 mg; high dose, 5.0 mg) or placebo, 190 were
      asymptomatically infected on day 1 or day 2 of the study and within 24 hr of
      receiving B subunit. During the first 24-hr period of follow-up, the relative
      risk of disease among contacts receiving B subunit versus placebo was 0.18 for
      the low dose (P = .08) and 0.50 for the high dose (P = .22). Subsequently the
      relative risk increased toward 1.0 and was at no single point significantly
      reduced, although in five of the six follow-up periods the risk of disease was
      less in the B subunit group.

PMID- 6373962
TI  - Isolation and virulence of a caseinase- and bound coagulase-deficient mutant of
      Staphylococcus aureus BB.
AB  - A caseinase - and bound coagulase-negative mutant was isolated from
      Staphylococcus aureus BB by treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.
      The virulence of the mutant strain was compared with that of the parental strain
      in mice infected by the intravenous and intraperitoneal routes. The ratio between
      the LD50 of the mutant and that of the parent was 1,841 for intravenous infection
      and 106 for intraperitoneal infection. Viable staphylococci were counted in renal
      tissue three days after intravenous infection with 3 X 10(6) bacteria; the count
      was 8 X 10(7) cfu/100 mg of tissue for the parental strain and 1.2 X 10(2)
      cfu/100 mg for the mutant strain.

PMID- 6373963
TI  - Chlamydial pneumonitis and its serodiagnosis in infants.
AB  - Sera from 30 infants with suspected chlamydial pneumonitis were studied by enzyme
      immunoassay (EIA) with three antigens: reticulate bodies (RB), purified major
      outer membrane protein ( MOMP ) of Chlamydia trachomatis strain L2, and purified
      lipopolysaccharide from Re mutants of Salmonella (Re LPS), which shows complete
      cross-reaction with chlamydial glycolipid. The immunofluorescence test (I/RB
      IFAT), which detected IgM antibodies (titer of greater than or equal to 1:64) in
      16 patients whose clinical picture was consistent with chlamydial pneumonitis,
      was the standard method. EIA measured IgM antibodies to the purified antigens but
      not to RB; 15 sera were positive with the MOMP antigen and two with the Re LPS
      antigen. High-titered IgG antibodies were detected by I/RB IFAT in 15 and by MOMP
      EIA in 13 of the 30 sera. By the RB EIA, 17 sera were positive. The MOMP EIA was
      thus as sensitive and specific as the I/RB IFAT. Because the EIA can be
      automated, it would make possible the screening of all children younger than six
      months of age with respiratory-tract symptoms and IgM antibodies to Chlamydia.

PMID- 6373964
TI  - The use of Moore swabs for isolation of Salmonella typhi from irrigation water in
      Santiago, Chile.
AB  - In Chile, a country with an exceedingly high incidence of typhoid, untreated
      sewage is applied directly to fields where salad vegetables are cultivated. Water
      used for irrigation was examined for the presence of Salmonella typhi, by making
      use of the sewer-swab technique. S typhi was isolated in 8 (11%) of 76 irrigation
      samples examined from nonindustrial, polluted water. This supports the hypothesis
      that crops grown with water contaminated with feces are important vehicles in the
      transmission of S typhi in this endemic area. Since sewage treatment plants will
      not be available in Santiago in the near future, emphasis is being placed on
      devising alternative methods of irrigation and on growing vegetables that are
      cooked before being eaten.

PMID- 6373965
TI  - Infections caused by Legionella micdadei and Legionella pneumophila among renal
      transplant recipients.
AB  - In an analysis of legionellosis at Presbyterian-University Hospital in Pittsburgh
      during the 28 months after the original outbreak of pneumonia caused by
      Legionella micdadei , 101 consecutive renal-allograft recipients were studied.
      The prevalence of elevated titers of antibody to Legionella pneumophila or L.
      micdadei among the patients at the time of transplantation (21.6%) was not
      significantly different from that among kidney donors (13.4%; P greater than
      .25). Seroconversion occurred in 21 (23.6%) of 89 recipients during the six
      months after transplantation. Seven recipients who seroconverted were diagnosed
      as having legionella pneumonia, eight had fever and pneumonitis attributed to
      other causes but compatible (on clinical grounds) with legionella infection, and
      six had no clinical evidence of infectious pneumonia. The interval from
      transplantation to onset of pneumonia was shorter for recipients with evidence of
      L. micdadei pneumonia than for patients with L. pneumophila pneumonia (P = .006);
      this finding suggested that the former disease occurred when the recipients were
      most immunocompromised. The original outbreak of L. micdadei pneumonia was found
      to have subsided nine months after the last formally recognized case, but
      infections with L. pneumophila continued to occur thereafter.

PMID- 6373966
TI  - Antibody response in Lyme disease: evaluation of diagnostic tests.
AB  - The antibody response to the Ixodes dammini spirochete was determined in 41
      serial serum samples from 12 patients with Lyme disease. By enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 11 of the 12 patients had higher titers of specific
      IgM antibody (greater than 1:200) during early disease than did 40 control
      subjects. Specific IgM antibody titers, which correlated with total amounts of
      IgM antibody (P less than .001), sometimes remained elevated throughout the
      illness. During neuritis, nine of 10 patients had higher specific IgG antibody
      titers (greater than 1:200) than did controls, and when arthritis was present,
      all had such titers, which remained elevated after months of remission. In the
      ELISA, antibody responses determined by single or serial dilutions were similar,
      but the ELISA was more sensitive and specific than was immunofluorescence.
      Adsorption of sera with Borrelia hermsii generally resulted in a fourfold
      decrease in titers of cross-reactive antibodies, but the titers of sera from
      patients with Lyme disease were also reduced. Currently, the ELISA, without
      adsorption, is the best diagnostic test for Lyme disease.

PMID- 6373967
TI  - Epidemiological standardization of a test for susceptibility to mumps.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibody to mumps virus is
      described. It is standardized with sera from putatively susceptible and immune
      populations. The ranges for 49 susceptible and 19 immune children were an optical
      density of -0.020 to 0.028 and 0.133 to 0.640, respectively. When compared with
      the microneutralization assay for evaluating vaccine responses, the ELISA
      appeared to be more sensitive while retaining its specificity. The failure rate
      after mumps vaccination in 301 children was 1.7% (5 of 301) by the ELISA and 12%
      (36 of 301) or 7.6% (23 of 301) by the microneutralization assay, depending on
      whether a high (30-100 50% tissue culture infectious dose [TCID50]) or low (10-20
      TCID50) dose of virus was used.

PMID- 6373968
TI  - Cervical osteomyelitis related to Nocardia asteroides.

PMID- 6373969
TI  - [A case of skin implantation in the residual pleural cavity after repeated
      thoracoplasty].

PMID- 6373970
TI  - [Changes in radiopacity of the alveolar bone after scaling].

PMID- 6373971
TI  - [Efficacy of photographic subtraction radiography in detecting proximal bone
      lesions].

PMID- 6373972
TI  - [Indirect bonding technics with setup models].

PMID- 6373973
TI  - [An experimental study on changes in the palatal tissues after rapid maxillary
      expansion].

PMID- 6373974
TI  - [Study of lysosomal enzymes in human synovial membrane and fluid from rheumatoid
      and non-rheumatoid patients].
AB  - In rheumatoid arthritis, it is well known that lysosomal enzymes such as lysozyme
      and acid phosphatase have a function of destroying bone and synovial tissue of
      joints. In order to analyze the localization and the difference of distribution
      of lysozyme and acid phosphatase on the synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis
      (RA) and non-RA joints, immunohistochemical and histochemical methods were
      employed. Lysozyme was detected with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded materials
      in 82 cases of synovial tissue (RA 50 cases, non-RA 32 cases) using the
      unlabelled peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) method following Taylor, et al. Acid
      phosphatase was detected with the naphthol AS method using frozen sections. In
      addition, in some cases of RA, alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin
      were also examined in synovium by the PAP method. For quantitative analysis of
      lysozyme in synovial fluid, lyso-plate were used on 98 cases (RA 58 cases, non-RA
      40 cases). Further, acid phosphatase was quantitated with phenyl phosphoric acid.
      The results show, histologically, that lysozyme was more predominantly and more
      specifically located in the synovial cells, especially in the synovial lining
      cells of RA joints than non-RA joints. Lysozyme was distributed in the cytoplasm
      of synovial cells in a fine granular or small globoid pattern. On the other hand,
      no lysozyme was detected on the infiltrated lymphocytes and plasma cells.
      Infiltration of leukocytes was relatively slight. Acid phosphatase was
      intensively located in the same portion of RA synovium as that of lysozyme.
      Electron microscopically, synovial surface cells showed an increase in number,
      and they contained dominant, well-developed, rough endoplasmic reticulum and
      electron dense bodies. Fibrillar matrix were present in the cytoplasm and in the
      extracellular space in an amorphous pattern. Enzyme activity of lysozyme in 58 RA
      synovial fluid was 113 +/- 101 (mean +/- standard deviation) micrograms/ml and
      that in 40 non-RA (11 osteoarthritis, 20 autopsy cases, and others) was 35 +/- 31
      micrograms/ml. Acid phosphatase activity of 47 RA was 11.97 +/- 10.45 I.U.
      (International Unit) and that of 38 non-RA was 5.16 +/- 3.77 I.U. A significant
      difference of lysosomal enzyme activity was thus found in the synovial fluid
      between RA and non-RA. Clinical laboratory data, namely, ESR (erythrocyte
      sedimentation rate) and CRP (C-reactive protein) as an activity of rheumatic
      disease were evaluated. Correlation rate between ESR and lysozyme in RA synovial
      fluid was 0.279 (the value of P less than 0.05) and between ESR and acid
      phosphatase was 0.259 (P less than 0.05). Thus no significant correlation was
      found among them.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6373975
TI  - [Problems concerning bone resorption].

PMID- 6373976
TI  - [Malignant lymphoma--recent progress in diagnosis and treatment. 3. Progress in
      therapeutic results. (2). Treatment of malignant lymphoma with special reference
      to chemotherapy and immunotherapy].

PMID- 6373977
TI  - [Malignant lymphoma--recent progress in diagnosis and treatment. (Supplement 2).
      Bone marrow transplantation for advanced malignant lymphoma].

PMID- 6373978
TI  - [Primary glomerular disease--immunopathological studies and therapy].

PMID- 6373979
TI  - [Metabolism of the blood insulin and C-peptide in acute hepatitis].

PMID- 6373980
TI  - [A case of Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome associated with bilateral adrenal lipomas
      and renal abnormalities].

PMID- 6373981
TI  - [Technetium-99m bone scanning for evaluating autologous iliac bone grafts and
      freeze-dried bone allografts in the mandibles of dogs].

PMID- 6373982
TI  - [An experimental study on skin and mucosal grafts in the oral cavity].

PMID- 6373983
TI  - [Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of serum IgG and IgM
      antibodies to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 in localized juvenile
      periodontitis].

PMID- 6373984
TI  - Differential diagnosis of retinoblastoma: salient clinical features and ancillary
      tests.

PMID- 6373985
TI  - Tietze's syndrome. A bridge between neurocirculatory asthenia and mitral valve
      prolapse syndrome.

PMID- 6373986
TI  - Tuberculosis in Louisiana.

PMID- 6373987
TI  - A review: mitral stenosis.

PMID- 6373988
TI  - Valvular heart surgery--1984.

PMID- 6373989
TI  - Aldosterone and other mineralocorticoids in Bartter's syndrome.
AB  - Plasma levels of aldosterone and other mineralocorticoids were determined in six
      patients with Bartter's syndrome. In spite of a remarkable elevation of plasma
      renin activity, the plasma aldosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone levels varied
      in each patient. These levels were slightly increased in three of the six
      patients, almost normal in two patients, and slightly reduced in one patient. The
      plasma deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone levels were within the normal range
      in all patients. The responses of plasma aldosterone to infusion of angiotensin
      II were reduced in all patients. Plasma aldosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone
      significantly increased with supplement of potassium, and the responses of plasma
      aldosterone to infusion of angiotensin II were also improved after supplement of
      potassium. Our results suggest that plasma aldosterone in Bartter's syndrome is
      dependent on potassium balance, even though plasma renin activity is remarkably
      increased, and that hyperaldosteronism is not an inevitable finding in Bartter's
      syndrome.

PMID- 6373990
TI  - Biologic and immunologic erythropoietin in extracts from hypoxic whole rat
      kidneys and in their glomerular and tubular fractions.
AB  - The relationship between plasma erythropoietin levels and kidney erythropoietin
      content was studied in rats subjected to hypoxia for various periods. Plasma and
      kidney erythropoietin followed a parallel course with detectable levels observed
      as early as after 1 hour of hypoxia. However, the kidney erythropoietin content
      reached a maximum at 6 hours, and its plasma erythropoietin content reached its
      maximum at 24 hours. Despite continuous hypoxia, the erythropoietin in both
      kidney and plasma decreased after reaching their maximal values, and leveled off
      after 72 hours. This parallel decrease in plasma and kidney erythropoietin
      suggests that this decrease in plasma erythropoietin observed after prolonged
      hypoxia is secondary to a decrease in erythropoietin production rather than to an
      increase in peripheral consumption. To identify the cell(s) involved in
      erythropoietin production, kidney cells from anemic-hypoxic animals were
      separated into their glomerular and tubular components utilizing a successive
      sieving procedure. Measurement of erythropoietin by bioassay revealed four to
      five times as much erythropoietin in the tubular fraction as in the glomerular
      fraction. Radioimmunoassay of these fractions revealed erythropoietin content
      similar to that by bioassay, ruling out the possible presence of biologically
      nonactive material. Renin activity, on the other hand, was about equally
      distributed between both of these fractions. Although our studies do not rule out
      participation of glomerular or juxtaglomerular cells in erythropoietin
      production, they suggest that a tubular origin of the bulk of renal
      erythropoietin is more likely.

PMID- 6373991
TI  - The meaning of mental illness in criminal responsibility.

PMID- 6373992
TI  - Confidentiality of organ donor registry records versus the interest in preserving
      human life. A proposal.

PMID- 6373993
TI  - Conditional prospective rights of the fetus.

PMID- 6373994
TI  - Periodontal splinting with etched castings.

PMID- 6373995
TI  - The Maryland State Board of Dental Examiners. In the beginning.

PMID- 6373996
TI  - Recent developments in skin banking and the clinical uses of cryopreserved skin.

PMID- 6373997
TI  - An infant's right to die: must physicians, hospitals, parents, guardians,
      attorneys, clergymen, review committees, government representatives, and the
      courts be involved in the determination?

PMID- 6373998
TI  - The coronary artery surgery study (CASS)--widely misinterpreted.

PMID- 6373999
TI  - 'Back to the origins': Erwin Straus--philosopher of medicine, philosopher in
      medicine.

PMID- 6374000
TI  - Bibliography of the works of Erwin W. Straus.

PMID- 6374001
TI  - Descartes, consciousness and depersonalization: viewing the history of philosophy
      from a Strausian perspective.
AB  - This paper develops particular Strausian -like themes on the formation and
      structure of the Cartesian problematic. Particularly, my interest is to link the
      Cartesian 'invention' of consciousness (or 'the mental') in the philosophy of
      mind with the issues of representation and 'the problem of the external world' in
      epistemology. The Cartesian novelty becomes clear by comparing Cartesian
      scepticism with Greek classical scepticism . I end with some speculative clinical
      (i.e., psychiatric) suggestions on possible roots of the Cartesian invention.

PMID- 6374002
TI  - Plasma immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide in obese hyperglycaemic
      (ob/ob) mice.
AB  - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), a recognized component of the enteroinsular
      axis, is raised in the plasma and intestine of obese hyperglycaemic (ob/ob) mice.
      To evaluate the control of plasma GIP and its role in the hyperinsulinaemia of
      the ob/ob syndrome, GIP and insulin were determined at different ages in fed
      mice, and at 10-12 weeks of age after fasting/refeeding and administration of
      GIP, different nutrients and insulin to mice fasted for 18 h. Plasma GIP and
      insulin were raised in adult (10- and 20-week-old) compared with younger (3- and
      5-week-old) mice, although GIP was not increased in the presence of
      hyperinsulinaemia at 3 weeks of age. Fasting suppressed and refeeding promptly
      restored plasma GIP and insulin concentrations. Administration of GIP to mimic
      postprandial concentrations evoked a marked but transient insulin response which
      was protracted in the presence of rising hyperglycaemia. Orally administered fat,
      glucose and amino acids raised GIP concentrations with fat having a particularly
      strong effect. Glucose and amino acids also evoked prominent increases of
      insulin, but fat produced only a small rise in insulin in the absence of
      increasing glucose concentrations. Consistent with glucose-potentiation, a
      mixture of all three nutrients greatly augmented the insulin response without
      further increase of plasma GIP. Glucose-induced increase in endogenous insulin
      and doses of exogenous insulin up to 100 units/kg did not suppress basal, fat
      stimulated or glucose-stimulated GIP release. The results indicate that raised
      GIP concentrations make an important contribution to the hyperinsulinaemia and
      related metabolic abnormalities of the ob/ob syndrome.

PMID- 6374003
TI  - Plasma LH concentrations in the ewe in response to repeated injections of low
      doses of gonadotrophin releasing hormone during the follicular phase of the
      oestrous cycle.
AB  - Oestrus was synchronized in 15 naturally cyclic ewes by the administration of a
      prostaglandin F2 alpha analogue. Groups of five ewes were then treated i.v. with
      either small doses of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH; 125 or 250
      ng/injection) or saline, at 2-h intervals from day 14 of the subsequent cycle
      until 24 h after the onset of oestrus. Treatment with GnRH induced episodic LH
      release which continued until the onset of a preovulatory LH surge. Mean plasma
      LH concentrations over this period were significantly (P less than 0.001) higher
      in animals receiving 250 ng GnRH (2.44 +/- 0.11 microgram/1) than in those
      receiving either 125 ng GnRH (1.17 +/- 0.06 microgram/1) or saline (1.14 +/- 0.05
      microgram/1). However, GnRH treatment did not influence the timing of oestrus or
      mean ovulation rates.

PMID- 6374004
TI  - A comparison of calcium hydroxide and barium hydroxide as agents for inducing
      apical closure.

PMID- 6374005
TI  - The effect of crimping on the retention of hollow posts.

PMID- 6374006
TI  - A hollow post and core system--evaluation of reinstrumentation and reobturation.

PMID- 6374007
TI  - In the interest of historical fact.

PMID- 6374008
TI  - Dr. Louis I. Grossman--the father of endodontics.

PMID- 6374009
TI  - Identification of a strain-specific malarial antigen exposed on the surface of
      Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes.
AB  - We have identified strain-specific antigens with Camp and St. Lucia strains of P.
      falciparum of Mr approximately 285,000 and approximately 260,000, respectively.
      These strain-specific antigens were metabolically labeled with radioactive amino
      acids, indicating that they were of parasite origin rather than altered host
      components. These proteins had the properties of a molecule exposed on the
      surface of infected erythrocytes (IE). First, the proteins are accessible to
      lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination of IE. Second, the radioiodinated
      proteins were cleaved by low concentrations of trypsin (0.1 microgram/ml). Third,
      these antigens were immunoprecipitated after addition of immune sera to intact
      IE. Fourth, the strain-specific immuno-precipitation of these proteins correlated
      with the capacity of immune sera to block cytoadherence of IE in a strain
      specific fashion. Fifth, the strain-specific antigen had detergent solubility
      properties (i.e., insolubility in 1% Triton X-100, solubility in 5% sodium
      dodecyl sulfate) similar to the variant antigen of P. knowlesi, which has been
      proven to be a malarial protein exposed on the erythrocyte surface.

PMID- 6374010
TI  - Fibronectin enhances the opsonic and protective activity of monoclonal and
      polyclonal antibody against group B streptococci.
AB  - We have investigated the opsonic and protective effects of fibronectin (FN)
      against type III group B streptococci. When used by itself, the FN failed to
      promote actual internalization of group B organisms. The addition of FN to group
      B streptococci that had been preopsonized in an immunoglobulin preparation
      modified for intravenous use ( IgIV ) or a type-specific, murine monoclonal
      antibody of IgG isotype markedly enhanced interaction with human
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). A similar enhanced effect was observed when
      the FN was combined with type-specific monoclonal antibody preparations of IgM
      and, surprisingly, IgA isotype. Preincubation experiments indicated that the
      major effect was upon the PMN rather than directly on the bacteria, but we could
      not demonstrate an effect of FN on cell surface receptors for the Fc fragment of
      Ig or C3b using rosetting techniques. In addition to enhancing the in vitro
      opsonic activity of Ig, the FN significantly increased the protective effect of
      the polyclonal and monoclonal Ig preparations in an animal model of neonatal
      group B streptococcal disease. Thus, FN appears to have a critical role in the
      host defense mechanisms against group B streptococci.

PMID- 6374011
TI  - Concomitant secretion of prourokinase and of a plasminogen activator-specific
      inhibitor by cultured human monocytes-macrophages.
AB  - The plasminogen activator (PA) produced by freshly purified human monocytes
      macrophages and histiocytic, lymphoma-derived U 937 cells was analyzed by
      zymography after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS
      PAGE), and found to migrate with an apparent Mr of 55,000, identical to that of
      urokinase (Uk). By immunoprecipitation with antibodies specific for the two
      different types of PA, the enzyme was shown to be immunologically related to
      urokinase, and not to tissue PA. Urokinase was secreted in the form of the
      inactive Mr 55,000 zymogen prourokinase , and could be converted to the active Mr
      55,000 enzyme by limited proteolysis with plasmin. Conditioned media from
      cultures of U 937 cells and monocytes-macrophages inhibited the fibrinolytic
      activity of exogenously added urokinase. Using [125I]-labeled urokinase we
      observed the formation of an enzyme-ligand complex, which was not dissociated by
      boiling in SDS and migrated with an apparent Mr 40,000 daltons higher than the
      free enzyme; since complexed urokinase was functionally inactivated as a PA, the
      ligand is an inhibitor of urokinase. This inhibitor is different from fibroblast
      produced protease- nexin , in that it did not interact with thrombin. These
      results suggest that plasminogen activation by mononuclear phagocytes can be
      modulated through the secretion of both (pro)enzyme and a specific inhibitor.

PMID- 6374013
TI  - A five-year experience with throat cultures.
AB  - This study addresses the usefulness of the throat culture in a family practice
      residency setting and explores the following questions: (1) Do faculty physicians
      clinically identify streptococcal pharyngitis better than residents? (2) With
      time, will residents and faculty physicians improve in their diagnostic accuracy?
      (3) Should the throat culture be used always, selectively, or never? A total of
      3,982 throat cultures were obtained over a five-year study period with 16 percent
      positive for beta-hemolytic streptococci. The results were compared with the
      physician's clinical diagnosis of either "nonstreptococcal" (category A) or
      "streptococcal" (category B). Within category A, 363 of 3,023 patients had
      positive cultures (12 percent clinical diagnostic error rate). Within category B,
      665 of 959 patients had negative cultures (69 percent clinical diagnostic error
      rate). Faculty were significantly better than residents in diagnosing
      streptococcal pharyngitis, but not in diagnosing nonstreptococcal sore throats.
      Neither faculty nor residents improved their diagnostic accuracy over time.
      Regarding age-specific recommendations, the findings support utilizing a throat
      culture in all children aged 2 to 15 years with sore throat, but in adults only
      when the physician suspects streptococcal pharyngitis.

PMID- 6374012
TI  - Antibodies in malarial sera to parasite antigens in the membrane of erythrocytes
      infected with early asexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum.
AB  - Monolayers of human erythrocytes (E) infected with Plasmodium falciparum were
      briefly fixed with 1% glutaraldehyde and air dried. They were then exposed to
      sera from patients with P. falciparum malaria or from donors immune to this
      parasite and tested in an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Parasites in
      infected E were made visible by counterstaining with ethidium bromide.
      Immunofluorescence (IF) was restricted to the surface of infected E. No antibody
      binding was detected unless the E were dried, suggesting that the relevant
      antigens were not available on the outer layers of the E surface. Staining over
      large parts of the E surface was seen already when the merozoite penetrated
      noninfected cells and was strong in E containing early stages of the parasite
      (rings, trophozoites). It was weak or absent from E containing schizonts.
      Antibodies in sera from different parts of Africa, Colombia, or Sweden reacted
      similarly with E infected with a Tanzanian P. falciparum strain kept in culture
      for many years and with parasitized E freshly drawn from African, Swedish, or
      Colombian patients. All sera from residents of a holoendemic area (Liberia) were
      IFA positive. In contrast, some sera from Colombian or Swedish patients with
      primary infection gave negative results. The results of the IFA and of an enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay in which fixed and dried E were the targets were well
      correlated, suggesting that the same antibodies were detected by these assays.
      The antigens involved in the IFA were susceptible to pronase but not to trypsin
      or neuraminidase. E surface IF was inhibited by lysates of infected E, merozoite
      extracts, or soluble antigens present in P. falciparum culture supernatants but
      not by lysates of normal E or ghost extracts. The inhibitory antigens were heat
      stable (100 degrees C, 5 min). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting of either antigen-enriched
      preparations from culture supernatants or merozoite extracts showed that
      antibodies eluted from monolayers of infected E reacted consistently with a
      predominant polypeptide of Mr 155,000 and two to four minor polypeptides of lower
      molecular weights. Metabolic labeling of the parasites with 75Se-methionine
      indicated that these antigens were parasite derived. We conclude that the
      antigens involved in these reactions are released from bursting schizonts or
      merozoites and are deposited in the E membrane in the course of
      invasion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6374014
TI  - Demonstration of H-2 antigens on preimplantation mouse embryos using conventional
      antisera and monoclonal antibody.
AB  - Mouse embryos at the 2-cell, 8-cell, and blastocyst stages of development were
      examined for the presence of H-2 antigens by immunoperoxidase labeling and
      transmission electron microscopy. Conventional antisera made in congenic mouse
      strains were used to study embryos of four different haplotypes: b, a, k, and d.
      Blastocysts showed uniform heavy labeling of all cells of the trophectoderm, 8
      cell embryos showed lighter labeling of only some of the cells, and 2-cell
      embryos showed no labeling. Similar results were found for all four haplotypes
      studied. In addition, monoclonal antibody 11-4.1 (anti-Kk) was reacted with
      homologous (H-2k) and heterologous (H-2b) blastocysts. Positive results with the
      monoclonal antibody corroborates the concept that H-2 antigens are expressed on
      early mouse embryos.

PMID- 6374015
TI  - Sudden infant death syndrome: measurement of total and specific serum
      immunoglobulin E (IgE).
AB  - Postmortem evaluation of total and specific serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody
      levels by the paper radio immuno sorbent test (PRIST) and radio allergo sorbent
      test (RAST), respectively, revealed that there was no significant elevations in
      total circulating IgE or in specific IgE antibodies to house dust,
      Dermatophagoides farinae (house dust mite), Alterarnia tenuis (mold), or milk
      proteins for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) victims when compared to a
      control group.

PMID- 6374016
TI  - HLA typing of dried sperm.
AB  - HLA human histocompatibility leukocyte antigens -A and -B antigens are expressed
      on human spermatozoa. A micro- and a macro-technique are described to HLA-type
      dried sperm coming from unknown subjects. The high HLA genetic polymorphism
      allows a high degree of sperm individualization which may be of value to blame or
      discard suspects in forensic science cases.

PMID- 6374017
TI  - A medicolegal study on enzymic fluorometry of choline in human semen.
AB  - Studies have been conducted on an enzymic fluorometric method based on an initial
      rate of reaction for the determination of choline. The reaction system consists
      of choline oxidase coupled to peroxidase and homovanillic acid. Concentrations of
      choline as low as 0.1 nmol could be detected by this procedure. The concentration
      of free choline in normal semen was 18.7 to 29.5 mumol/mL. Free choline in other
      body fluids was negligible. The choline concentrations in seminal stains
      maintained at room temperature were not changed during a 30-day period. Those
      concentrations in seminal fluids kept at room temperature were detected until at
      least the fifth day.

PMID- 6374018
TI  - Severe hyponatremia associated with captopril therapy--a case report.

PMID- 6374019
TI  - Genetic analysis of H2, the structural gene for phase-2 flagellin in Salmonella.
AB  - Non-flagellate H2 mutants were isolated from a phase-2 stable strain, SJW806 H1
      gt- H2-enxon vh2-, a derivative of Salmonella typhimurium. By transductional
      crosses a deletion map and a recombination map of the H2 gene were made. There
      are three regions especially rich in nonflagellate mutational sites. By the use
      of the deletion map, mutational sites of 21 flagellar shape mutants were also
      determined. Most of them were located at two regions which coincide with two of
      the three regions rich in non-flagellate mutational sites. A gene, vh2, is
      closely linked to the promoter side of the H2 gene. Three-factor transductional
      crosses showed that the vh2 gene was on the left of the H2 gene in the present
      map. The H2 gene forms part of an operon with the distal gene rh1 which specifies
      the H1 repressor. Thus, a polarity effect of the H2 mutations on the expression
      of the rh1 gene was examined by observing whether a wild-type H1 allele
      introduced into the H2 mutants was expressed or not. Many of the H2 mutations
      were polar, and most of the strongly polar mutations were located in the left
      (promoter-proximal) half of the H2 gene, while most of the mutations in the right
      half of the gene were weakly polar or non-polar.

PMID- 6374020
TI  - Interrelationships between the enzymes of ethanolamine metabolism in Escherichia
      coli.
AB  - The activities of the enzymes ethanolamine ammonia-lyase, CoA-dependent and CoA
      independent aldehyde dehydrogenases, and isocitrate lyase were assayed in
      Escherichia coli which had been grown on various sources of carbon and nitrogen.
      Induction of ethanolamine ammonia-lyase and of maximal levels of both aldehyde
      dehydrogenases required the concerted effects of ethanolamine and vitamin (or
      coenzyme) B12. Molecular exclusion chromatography revealed that, in the absence
      of one or both co-inducers, two repressible isoenzymes of CoA-dependent aldehyde
      dehydrogenase (mol. wts 900000 and 120000) were produced, these being replaced by
      two inducible isoenzymes (mol. wts 520000 and 370000) in the presence of both co
      inducers. A similar inducible repressible series of isoenzymes was also observed
      for CoA-independent aldehyde dehydrogenase. No evidence was found for structural
      relationships between ethanolamine ammonia-lyase, CoA-dependent aldehyde
      dehydrogenase and CoA-independent aldehyde dehydrogenase, but mutant and
      physiological studies demonstrated that the induction of the first two enzymes is
      under common control. Evidence is presented for the operation of a previously
      unreported pathway of ethanolamine metabolism in E. coli.

PMID- 6374021
TI  - Influence of carbon catabolite repression on the G1 arrest of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae MATa cells by alpha factor.
AB  - Cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae of the a mating type were arrested at
      the G1 phase of the cell division cycle after treatment with alpha factor in a
      culture medium containing a high concentration (2%, w/v, or higher) of a
      catabolite-repressing sugar. In media containing either a lower concentration of
      sugar or a non-fermentable carbon source, the extent of G1 arrest induced by the
      pheromone was reduced or became undetectable. Under catabolite-derepressing
      conditions alpha factor was inactivated by a cells at a higher rate than that
      found in repressing media. These results indicate the existence of a close
      correlation between the action of alpha factor on a cells and conditions of
      catabolite repression or derepression. A joint mechanism of action of alpha
      factor and catabolite-repressing carbon sources on a cells is postulated.

PMID- 6374022
TI  - Oxidation of carbon sources through the tricarboxylic acid cycle in Mycobacterium
      leprae grown in armadillo liver.
AB  - All the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle have now been demonstrated in
      extracts of Mycobacterium leprae grown in armadillo liver. Many were also present
      in homogenates of host-tissue, but biochemical evidence is presented which
      indicates that all enzymes detected in extracts from M. leprae were authentic
      bacterial enzymes. Further evidence for a complete tricarboxylic acid cycle in M.
      leprae was obtained by first establishing that citrate could be taken up and
      catabolized by whole M. leprae organisms, then showing that oxidation of
      radioisotopically labelled pyruvate to CO2 by suspensions of M. leprae was
      stimulated by adding unlabelled citrate. Control of tricarboxylic acid cycle
      activity in M. leprae by the inactivation of fumarase by a protease is speculated
      upon.

PMID- 6374023
TI  - Microcin-mediated interactions between Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli
      strains.
AB  - Amensal indirect interactions between a Klebsiella pneumoniae microcin-producing
      strain and several Escherichia coli strains, all of intestinal origin, were
      studied. Mixed batch cultures of both microcin-producing and microcin-sensitive
      strains showed that microcin production and excretion into the medium allowed the
      producer strain to prevail over sensitive strains, even when initial competition
      conditions were highly unfavourable for the producer. Mixed cultures also showed
      the production of a microcin-antagonist by the same microcin-producing strain
      when the nutrients in the medium had been depleted. The antagonist apparently
      promoted the viability of sensitive cells already damaged by microcin. These
      results have likely ecological implications.

PMID- 6374024
TI  - Resistance to apramycin in Escherichia coli isolated from animals: detection of a
      novel aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme.
AB  - The mechanisms of resistance to apramycin of five isolates of Escherichia coli
      from animals were investigated. Three isolates, which were resistant to all the
      aminoglycosides tested, did not transfer their resistance and did not produce
      aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. The fourth isolate, which was resistant to
      apramycin, tobramycin, gentamicin, kanamycin and neomycin but not to amikacin,
      owed its resistance to production of the acetyltransferase AAC(3)IV. The gene
      specifying this enzyme was carried on a transposon, Tn800, on a plasmid
      designated R1535. The fifth isolate was resistant to apramycin, neomycin and
      kanamycin but not to gentamicin, tobramycin or amikacin. It produced an
      acetyltransferase that readily acetylated only apramycin, neomycin and
      paromomycin, a compound that is closely related to neomycin. Synthesis of this
      enzyme was specified by a chromosomal gene located near pyrD at about 20 min on
      the map of the E. coli K12 chromosome.

PMID- 6374025
TI  - Evidence for two control genes regulating expression of the quinic acid
      utilization (qut) gene cluster in Aspergillus nidulans.
AB  - The first three steps in quinic acid degradation in Aspergillus nidulans are
      catalysed by highly inducible enzymes encoded by a gene cluster regulated by an
      adjacent control region. Analysis of two non-inducible mutants has been done in
      diploid strains, where qutA8 is recessive and all three enzyme activities are
      fully induced in heterozygous qutA8/qutA+ diploids. In contrast, qutA4/qutA+
      heterozygous diploids show semi-dominance of the mutant allele, giving markedly
      diminished growth on quinic acid and 30-40% decrease of enzyme induction.
      Strikingly, the qutA4/qutA8 heterozygous diploid grows to the same degree on
      quinic acid as the qutA4/qutA+ heterozygote and shows the same level of enzyme
      induction, whereas both the homozygous mutant diploids do not grow on quinic acid
      and show no enzyme induction. Therefore the two mutant genomes complement,
      identifying two distinct regulatory gene functions. A genetic model is proposed
      of a negatively acting gene (qutA) repressing expression of a positively acting
      gene (qutD, previously designated qutA8+) whose product is in turn required for
      expression of the three structural genes. The qutA4 mutation is interpreted to
      produce an altered repressor insensitive to quinic acid, and the qutD8 mutation
      the loss of activator protein. Close similarity in the regulation of the quinic
      acid gene cluster in Neurospora crassa suggests that the two types of control
      mutation, qalS and qalF, described for N. crassa may also reflect two regulatory
      genes.

PMID- 6374026
TI  - Interactions of ribosomal antibiotics and informational suppressors of
      Aspergillus nidulans.
AB  - Strains of Aspergillus nidulans containing informational suppressors were grown
      on medium containing antibiotics known to affect protein synthesis at the
      ribosomal level. These strains reacted in the anticipated manner: presumed
      ribosomal suppressors suaA101, suaA105, suaC109 and sua-115 were sensitive or
      even hypersensitive to aminoglycoside antibiotics, whereas presumed tRNA-like
      suppressors suaB111, suaD103 and D108 were only slightly sensitive or wild-type
      in response. Hygromycin and paromomycin were the most useful antibiotics. All the
      antibiotics reduced the colony radial growth rate, Kr, increased the lag phase
      and produced wrinkled morphology. Hygromycin was the most toxic. Resistant
      sectors were produced on paromomycin and hygromycin. The selective action of
      'misreading' antibiotics on suaA and suaC strains is further evidence that these
      are ribosomal suppressors, whereas suaB and suaD may code for altered tRNA
      molecules. The results imply that hygromycin or paromomycin could be used for
      isolating ribosomal suppressors.

PMID- 6374027
TI  - Spontaneous duplications and transpositions of a large chromosome segment in
      Aspergillus nidulans.
AB  - Spontaneous revertants of the leaky adE20 mutant of Aspergillus nidulans were
      obtained as vigorous sectors emerging from stunted colonies on adenine-free
      medium. Among the genetically heterogeneous sectors up to about 20% were
      recognized unequivocally as having an additional chromosome segment bearing
      adE20; two doses of this leaky allele permitted growth without added adenine.
      Eleven spontaneous duplication strains of independent origin were analysed
      genetically. Eight carried the duplicate segment on chromosome IIR; three of
      these, phenotypically similar to all eight, were analysed in detail and were
      shown-within the limits of such genetic analysis - to have a large, terminal
      segment of IR duplicated and attached terminally and uninverted to IIR. One
      strain had a duplication, possibly tandem, on IR and two had duplications
      attached elsewhere in the genome. The results suggested a preferential site for
      the initiation of duplicate segments in this system, as well as a preferential
      site for their attachment. Agents known to modify instability of a previously
      studied Dp(IR----IIR) strain affected the frequency of duplications among
      selected adE20 revertant sectors and/or the genomic locations of duplicated
      segments. Trypan blue and coumarin, which enhance Dp(IR----IIR) instability in a
      specific way, and Co2+, which stabilizes Dp(IR----IIR), gave 14, 50 and 62%
      duplication sectors respectively, among revertants. Duplications selected in the
      presence of Co2+ had mainly IIR attachments; of those from trypan blue and
      coumarin, about one-quarter were attached to IIL and none to IIR.

PMID- 6374028
TI  - Initiation of sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutations causing
      derepressed sporulation and G1 arrest in the cell division cycle.
AB  - Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are derepressed for meiosis and spore
      formation have been isolated and characterized genetically. All are the result of
      single, recessive nuclear mutations that fall into four linkage groups. Three of
      these groups are represented by spd1, spd3 and spd4 mutations, which in
      homozygous diploids confer poor growth and extensive sporulation on a range of
      non-fermentable media. Haploids carrying any of these mutations are arrested
      under these conditions in the G1 phase of the cell division cycle as large
      unbudded cells. The alleles of the spd2 mutation complemented all other mutations
      but were very closely linked to the spd1 locus. The fourth linkage group was
      represented by a mutation conferring temperature-sensitive growth and derepressed
      sporulation on homozygous diploids grown between 25 degrees C and 30 degrees C on
      media containing galactose or glycerol, but not glucose, as energy source. Above
      30 degrees C this mutant lysed on all media. The mutation it carried failed to
      complement available cdc25 mutations. These data bring to five the number of loci
      at which mutation can lead to derepressed sporulation (spd1, spd3, spd4, cdc25
      and cdc35). The spd1 locus has been mapped 13.9 cM to the left of the centromere
      on chromosome XV, adjacent to the SUP3 gene. Diploid strains homozygous for spd
      mutations are genetically unstable, giving rise to asporogenous mutants at high
      frequency, usually as the result of a second mutation unlinked to the spd
      mutation. Diploids homozygous for these mutations, and for spd mutations, show an
      altered regulation of the formulation of at least three polypeptides normally
      subject to carbon source repression.

PMID- 6374029
TI  - Initiation of sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutations preventing
      initiation.
AB  - Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are unable to initiate sporulation, but
      can continue vegetative growth under conditions in which the wild-type strain
      sporulates, have been isolated and characterized. The mutations arose
      spontaneously as suppressors of the spd1 mutations, restoring the ability of spd1
      mutants to grow on glycerol, and also spontaneously in cultures of a wild-type
      diploid strain undergoing sporulation in continuous culture. The mutations all
      conferred asporogeny, and were recessive in this respect to the wild-type, but
      dominant in acting as suppressors of the spd1 mutation. They fell into three
      complementation groups which corresponded to three unlinked loci, designated
      spo50, spo51 and spo53. None of these mutations was closely linked to the other
      initiation mutations defined by the spd1, spd3, spd4, cdc25, cdc28 loci, nor to
      the cell size control mutations whi1 and whi2. Loose linkage was detected between
      spd1 and spo53, and spo50, spd3 and spo53 were linked to their respective
      centromeres. The spo50, spo51 and spo53 mutations are not nonsense suppressors.
      Mutations in all three genes conferred similar highly pleiotropic phenotypes
      including: asporogeny; dominant suppression of both spd1 and spd3 mutations;
      aberrant cell morphology and viability loss on starvation; constitutive ability
      to reduce tetrazolium (which is subject to carbon source repression in the wild
      type); and complete repression of the synthesis of several polypeptides that are
      subject to carbon source repression in the wild-type strain and derepressed in
      spd1 mutants derepressed for sporulation. A diploid strain homozygous for the
      spo50 mutation did not undergo either premeiotic DNA replication or meiotic
      recombination when transferred to sporulation media.

PMID- 6374030
TI  - Human serum bactericidal activity against Haemophilus influenzae type b.
AB  - We examined bactericidal and opsonizing activity of pooled adult 'immune' serum
      against Haemophilus influenzae type b with and without the addition of
      phagocytes. Four type b strains from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and three such
      strains from the nasopharynx (NP) of healthy children were examined. Duplicate
      reaction mixtures contained organisms in exponential (E) or stationary phase (S)
      of growth, serum, a complement source (human agammaglobulinaemic serum), and
      culture medium (bactericidal assay); separate assays contained the above
      components and polymorphonuclear leucocytes (opsonization system). A decrease in
      bacterial density of greater than or equal to 1 log10 unit was considered
      significant. All four S-CSF strains, three of four E-CSF strains and one of three
      S-NP strains were sensitive to the bactericidal activity of pooled serum. The
      other E-CSF strain, two S-NP strains and all three E-NP strains were resistant to
      the bactericidal activity of pooled serum. Two of three E-NP strains were
      opsonized by pooled serum; the other strains resistant to the bactericidal
      activity of pooled serum were also resistant to opsonization. Bactericidal and
      opsonizing activity of serum from an immunized adult was greater than or equal to
      that of pooled serum against each strain. Assuming normal adults are immune to
      invasive H. influenzae type b infection, an experimental test reflecting this
      immunity is the bactericidal activity against CSF isolates tested in stationary
      phase. We conclude that protection against invasive disease due to H. influenzae
      type b appears more complex than the presence of bactericidal and opsonizing
      activity in serum.

PMID- 6374031
TI  - Location on the Escherichia coli genome of a gene specifying O-acetylserine
      (thiol)-lyase.
AB  - The plasmid pAB65, derived from a specialized transducing phage carrying DNA from
      about 52 min on the Escherichia coli genome, coded for two polypeptides of Mr
      approx. 34 000. The expression of one was regulated by cyst(e)ine and the cysB
      gene product and the other by the cysB gene product only. One of these
      polypeptides was a subunit of O-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase (EC 4.2.99.8); the
      other, associated with the E. coli membrane, was the N-terminus of the product of
      the lambda ben gene. The pattern of peptide synthesis directed by plasmids
      carrying smaller DNA fragments indicated that the gene for O-acetylserine (thiol)
      lyase was transcribed clockwise. The spectrum, amino acid composition and subunit
      number of the enzyme were determined. The enzyme appears homologous with the
      Salmonella typhimurium cysK gene product. This provides further evidence for the
      inversion of this region of the genome.

PMID- 6374032
TI  - Nucleoproteins of animal influenza viruses, in contrast to those of human
      strains, are not cleaved in infected cells.
AB  - We previously reported that nucleoproteins (NPs) of human influenza viruses are
      cleaved in infected cells and, as a result, two forms of NP, uncleaved (mol. wt.
      56000) and cleaved (mol. wt. 53000) were accumulated late in infection. Here, we
      report that NPs of animal influenza viruses of non-human origin (isolated from
      pigs, equids , seals, whales, birds) exhibited proteolytic resistance in infected
      cells and did not undergo a change in mol. wt. in the course of infection. The
      resistance of the animal virus NPs to proteolytic cleavage was shown to be a
      virus-specific property and not the consequence of a low level of proteolysis in
      infected cells. Influenza A/H3N2 viruses isolated from swine in Hong Kong in 1976
      were found to have a cleavable NP like that of 'human' viruses, supporting the
      hypothesis concerning the 'human' origin of these strains. The NP of human
      influenza virus (A/Aichi/2/68) adapted to an animal host (mouse) retained
      susceptibility to limited intracellular proteolysis. Thus, NP resistance to
      cleavage seems to be a stable viral characteristic enabling the NP56 ---- NP53
      modification to be used as an indication of the origin of influenza viruses.

PMID- 6374033
TI  - Polymorphonuclear leukocyte-associated antigenemia in measles: demonstration and
      significance.
AB  - An indirect immunoperoxidase technique was used for the identification of measles
      virus (MeV) antigen in routinely prepared peripheral blood smears. Characteristic
      brown immunoperoxidase staining was present in the polymorphonuclear (PMN)
      leukocytes in 25 of 31 children during the exanthematous stage of measles. No
      peroxidase staining was seen on peripheral blood smears in any of 9 children
      convalescing from measles or in 9 children with upper respiratory tract
      infections ( URTI ) without exanthema. These findings were confirmed by control
      studies and were reproduced by immunofluorescent staining. The data suggest that
      MeV antigen is localized in the PMN leukocytes during the acute stage of measles
      infection, and may be connected to phagocytosis of viral antigenic material by
      PMN leukocytes. The technique described has potential for rapid laboratory
      diagnosis of measles and, possibly, of other viral infections during the acute
      stage and before measurable amounts of antibodies are produced.

PMID- 6374034
TI  - Hepatitis B in the Cambridge dialysis and transplant unit 1966-1983.
AB  - The results of hepatitis B surveillance of the Cambridge dialysis and transplant
      units from June 1969 to July 1983 are reported. On admission 34/528 (6.44%)
      haemodialysis patients had anti-HBc. Preadmission screening excluded 19 HBs Ag
      carrier patients and two carrier staff. Eight patients became antigenaemic after
      admission and two others were found to be antigenaemic post-transplantation but
      pretransplant sera were not available from them. These two had active hepatitis
      and of the others, seven had asymptomatic carriage and one had acute hepatitis
      during haemodialysis. Two infected patients were admitted temporarily and one
      antigenaemic organ donor identified retrospectively. No cross infection occurred
      on the unit and the only instance of accidental infection of a member of staff
      was from an outpatient.

PMID- 6374035
TI  - Zinc and spinal cord injury: a review.
AB  - Everything that is living needs zinc. Because of its multiple cellular functions,
      many symptoms and signs have been associated with zinc deficiency in humans
      including poor wound healing, rashes, diarrhea, decreased sexual function, and
      growth retardation. These problems are usually caused by other factors and
      indiscriminate use of zinc supplements is associated with some risk. Because
      inaccurate diagnosis can prevent alternative appropriate therapy and evidence is
      lacking that zinc supplementation beyond normal levels is generally beneficial,
      zinc status should be assayed prior to its administration; serum-zinc levels are
      the easiest method obtainable. A normal value is strong evidence against zinc
      deficiency (unless zinc replenishment has just been initiated); a single
      depressed value, however, may reflect the body's response to stress and not true
      zinc deficiency. A single low value in an acutely stressed patient should be
      interpreted with caution and repeated in several days. Symptoms and signs caused
      by zinc deficiency usually respond to zinc supplementation.

PMID- 6374036
TI  - Chromaffin granule membrane-F-actin interactions and spectrin-like protein of
      subcellular organelles: a possible relationship.
AB  - The membrane of chromaffin granule, the secretory vesicle of adrenal medullary
      cells storing catecholamines, enkephalins, and many other components, interacts
      with F-actin. Using low shear falling ball viscometry to estimate actin binding
      to membranes, we demonstrated that mitochondrial and plasma membranes from
      chromaffin cells also provoked large increases in viscosity of F-actin solutions.
      Mitochondrial membranes also had the capacity to cause complete gelation of F
      actin. In addition, vasopressin-containing granules from neurohypophysial tissue
      were shown to bind F-actin and to increase the viscosity of F-actin solutions.
      Using an antibody directed against human erythrocyte spectrin, it was found that
      a spectrin-like protein was associated with secretory granule membrane,
      mitochondrial membrane, and plasma membrane. The chromaffin granule membrane
      associated spectrin-like protein faces the cytoplasmic side, is composed of two
      subunits (240 kD and 235kD ), the alpha-subunit (240 kD, pHi5 .5) being
      recognized by the antibody. Nonionic detergents such as Triton X-100 or Nonidet
      P40 failed to release fully active spectrin-like protein. In contrast, Kyro EOB ,
      a different nonionic detergent, was found to release spectrin-like protein while
      keeping intact F-actin binding capacity, at least below 0.5% Kyro EOB
      concentration. Chromaffin cells in culture were stained with antispectrin
      antibody, showing the presence of spectrin-like protein in the cell periphery
      close to the cell membrane but also in the cytoplasm. We conclude that in living
      cells the interaction of F-actin with chromaffin granule membrane spectrin
      observed in vitro is important in controlling the potential function of secretory
      vesicles.

PMID- 6374037
TI  - Selective effects of proteases and phospholipase A2 on monoamine oxidases A and B
      of human brain and liver.
AB  - Human brain and liver mitochondria contain membrane-bound monoamine oxidase of
      both A and B types. Monamine oxidase-A (MAO-A), either membrane-bound or in
      detergent-solubilized extracts from these tissues, was selectively inhibited
      during incubations with trypsin, chymotrypsin, thermolysin, or papain. MAO-A in
      solubilized, but not in membrane-bound, preparations was also very sensitive to
      the action of phospholipase A2, while MAO-B was unaffected. Membrane-bound MAO-A
      of rat brain mitochondria was more sensitive to phospholipases and less sensitive
      to proteases than was human brain enzyme, indicating that these agents may reveal
      species differences in MAO properties. Human brain and liver MAO-A, either
      solubilized or bound in mitochondrial membranes, apparently contains basic and
      aromatic peptide moieties that are available to proteases. Hydrolysis of these
      peptide bonds leads to rapid denaturation unless substrate molecules stabilize
      the active site. Phospholipase A2 may disrupt the phospholipid microenvironment
      of MAO-A, the integrity of which is essential for MAO-A activity, but not for MAO
      B. No interconversion of the two activities was observed. After phospholipase A2
      treatment, remaining MAO-A activity was recovered in low-molecular-weight regions
      of a gel filtration gradient, suggesting that MAO-A subunits were released.
      Although these experiments argue against the proposal that phospholipids may
      regulate the ratio of A/B activities of a single enzyme molecule, it is
      conceivable that endogenous phospholipases or proteases in mitochondrial
      membranes may influence MAO-A activity independently of MAO-B activity.

PMID- 6374038
TI  - An immunological study of rat acetylcholinesterase: comparison with
      acetylcholinesterases from other vertebrates.
AB  - We have examined the immunoreactivity of acetylcholinesterase from different
      vertebrate species with a rabbit antiserum raised against the purified rat brain
      hydrophobic enzyme (G4 form). We found no significant interaction with enzymes
      from Electrophorus, Torpedo, chicken, and rabbit. The antiserum reacted with
      acetylcholinesterases from the brains of the other mammalian species studied,
      with titers decreasing in the following order: rat = mouse greater than human
      greater than bovine. The serum was inhibitory with murine and human
      acetylcholinesterases, but not with the bovine enzyme. The inhibition was
      partially depressed in the presence of salt (e.g., 1 M NaCl). In those species
      whose acetylcholinesterase was recognized by the antiserum, both soluble and
      detergent-soluble fractions behaved in essentially the same manner, interacting
      with the same antibodies. The apparent immunoprecipitation titer was decreased in
      the presence of salt, and it did not make any difference whether NaCl was
      included in the solubilization procedure or added to the extracts. Both G1 and G4
      forms of acetylcholinesterase in the soluble and detergent-soluble fractions were
      recognized by the antiserum, and in the case of the human enzyme, by monoclonal
      antibodies produced against human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase. However, the
      monomer G1 showed a clear tendency to form smaller complexes and precipitate less
      readily than the tetramer G4. Although we cannot exclude the existence of
      significant differences between the various molecular forms of
      acetylcholinesterase, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that they
      all derive from the same gene or set of genes by posttranslational modifications.

PMID- 6374039
TI  - Parvalbumin, a neuronal protein in brain cell cultures.
AB  - Dissociated brain cell cultures were derived from 14-day-old embryonic as well as
      from newborn mice. The cells were grown in a medium containing 10% fetal calf
      serum. Indirect immunofluorescence was performed using antisera directed against
      the Ca2+-binding protein parvalbumin (Mr 12,000). In embryonic cultures a large
      proportion of cells was intensely stained by antiparvalbumin . In double
      labelling experiments involving the simultaneous application of antisera against
      parvalbumin and the neuron-specific enolase, the enolase-containing cells were
      also parvalbumin-positive and both antisera revealed identical intracellular
      staining patterns. Conversely, almost no parvalbumin- and enolase-positive cells
      were present in cultures derived from newborn mice. However, in these cultures
      many cells were immunoreactive toward the myelin basic protein, an accepted
      marker for oligodendrocytes. The presence of parvalbumin within the embryonic
      brain cell cultures was confirmed by analyses of the culture extracts (4 mM EDTA,
      pH 7.5) by HPLC on reverse-phase supports, two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, and immunoblotting. The present study suggests that in mouse
      brain cell cultures, parvalbumin is localized in neurons.

PMID- 6374040
TI  - Insulin resistance in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
AB  - Over the last 30 years glucose intolerance has been reported in a significant
      percentage of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Currently, a
      controversy exists in determining whether the carbohydrate abnormality is disease
      specific or secondary to decreased glucose utilization due to muscle atrophy. A
      reduction in glucose receptor space had been postulated for a number of
      neuromuscular diseases including ALS. In order to clarify this issue we have
      estimated in vivo insulin sensitivity, using the euglycemic insulin clamp
      technique, in ALS patients and two control groups, matched according to percent
      ideal weight. The results showed that the glucose infusion rate, an estimate of
      in vivo insulin sensitivity, ws significantly diminished in ALS patients compared
      to both normal and disease controls. These results demonstrate that the insulin
      resistance in this disorder cannot be explained by a decrease in glucose-receptor
      space and suggest a primary carbohydrate aberration in the disease process
      itself.

PMID- 6374041
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid glucose and leukocyte responses in experimental meningitis.
AB  - The fall in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose and CSF leukocyte response was
      studied in cats with experimental meningitis. Klebsiella pneumoniae or
      Streptococcus pneumoniae were injected intracisternally, and the latter organisms
      were incubated with CSF in vitro. When 10(6)-10(9)K. pneumoniae were incubated
      with 4 ml of CSF, the time time necessary for the glucose to decrease to less
      than 10 mg/dl ranged from 6.5 to 2.5 h, at a rate proportional to the size of the
      inoculum. When the same numbers of bacteria were injected intracisternally, the
      time ranged from 9 to 3 h, and the CSF leukocyte response did not exceed 1200
      WBC/mm3. At this time, only minimal histological changes in brain and choroid
      plexus were seen. Twenty hours after intrathecal K. pneumoniae, large numbers of
      leukocytes (up to 4 X 10(4)/mm3) were recovered from the CSF. Regardless of the
      number of leukocytes, however, hypoglycorrhachia occurred when the CSF contained
      more than 10(7) bacteria/ml. At this interval, large numbers of leukocytes were
      seen invading the stroma of the choroid plexus, leptomeninges and perivascular
      spaces. When 10(8) S. pneumoniae were injected intracisternally, CSF glucose
      concentration decreased as rapidly as with K. pneumoniae. The spinal fluid
      leukocyte response to S. pneumoniae was, however, greater than that to K.
      pneumoniae. These results suggest that under the conditions of these studies,
      hypoglycorrhachia of bacterial meningitis is the result of metabolism of the
      bacteria with little contribution from the leukocytes.

PMID- 6374042
TI  - Concanavalin A target cells in human brain tumours.
AB  - Using a lectin-peroxidase method, Concanavalin A binding was examined on formalin
      fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens (n = 143) of the most frequent central
      nervous system tumours. The brain tumours included oligodendrogliomas,
      astrocytomas, glioblastomas, ependymomas, neurinomas, meningiomas,
      medulloblastomas and plexus papillomas. In oligodendroglioma cells, only a weak
      granular intracytoplasmic staining was observed. The astrocytomas showed a strong
      reaction in fibrillary astrocytes and in tumour areas undergoing small cystic
      degeneration. Staining of protoplasmic astrocytes was weaker; pilocytic
      astrocytes demonstrated poor perinuclear staining. Intracytoplasmic Con A binding
      in gemistocytic astrocytes was distinct but inconstant and rather diffuse. In the
      glioblastomas the lymphocyte-like small astrocytes were negative. Giant
      multinucleated astrocytes stained strongly. In ependymomas no or at most a weak
      perinuclear reaction was observed, whereas the acceptor density was as high as in
      the normal ependymocytes in areas where the tumour was capable of producing
      organotypical structures. Plexus papillomas showed a strong intracytoplasmic
      staining comparable to the normal plexus epithelial cell. This feature was
      preserved in the malignant variants. In general, meningiomas and neurinomas were
      negative. Xanthomatous-degenerated meningioma cells, however, showed a distinct
      to strong intracytoplasmic staining. This feature was characteristic for the
      xanthomatous subtype of meningiomas. Granular cells with strong intracytoplasmic
      Con A staining often occurred at the border of fibrillary to reticular
      differentiated areas of neurinomas. Medulloblastomas were completely negative.
      Our results indicate that Con A binding to human brain tumours is specific and
      rather cytotypical than histotypical . The Con A acceptor density is probably
      related to the grade of differentiation. Lectin mapping of tumours leads to
      cytotypical binding patterns which may contribute to the differential diagnosis
      of neoplasias.

PMID- 6374043
TI  - Effects of monoclonal antibody immunotherapy on patients with gastrointestinal
      adenocarcinoma.
AB  - Twenty patients with metastasis of gastrointestinal malignancies were treated
      with an anti-colorectal cancer mouse monoclonal antibody 1083-17-1A of the IgG2a
      class between December 1980 and January 1983. With two exceptions, all patients
      received a single injection of monoclonal antibody in a dose range of 15-1,000
      mg/patient. No untoward immediate or delayed reaction to the initial injection
      was observed in any of the patients. Mouse immunoglobulin circulated in the
      patients' blood for 2-50 days, depending on the dose of monoclonal antibody
      injected, and was detected in tumor tissue within 1 week of its administration.
      Eight of nine patients who received doses of 366-1,000 mg monoclonal antibody did
      not develop anti-mouse antibodies, while eight of nine who received less than 200
      mg developed anti-mouse immunoglobulin antibody. Three of this heterogeneous
      group of patients have no detectable disease now--10, 13, and 22 months since
      immunotherapy.

PMID- 6374044
TI  - Restorative effects of thymosin polypeptides on purified protein derivative-
      dependent migration inhibition factor production by the peripheral blood
      lymphocytes of adult thymectomized guinea pigs.
AB  - Thymosin fraction 5 restored the capacity of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL)
      from thymectomized adult guinea pigs sensitized with purified protein derivative
      (PPD) to produce migration inhibition factor (MIF) as measured in an agarose
      droplet microassay with peritoneal exudate cells. PBL from sham-thymectomized and
      normal PPD-sensitized guinea pigs did not lose their capacity to make MIF in
      response to PPD and were unaffected by thymosin polypeptides. Splenic and lymph
      node lymphocytes of thymectomized guinea pigs retained their antigen responsivity
      , suggesting that thymectomy did not affect fully matured, localized memory
      cells, but caused an accumulation in the circulation of partially matured,
      antigen-sensitive lymphocytes that could release MIF only in the presence of
      thymic factors. Various thymosin polypeptides were tested in this system and only
      thymosin alpha 1, an acidic polypeptide of 28 amino acid residues, showed
      consistent activity. This polypeptide, which has a molecular weight of 3,108, did
      not inhibit macrophage migration by itself, but 10-1,000 ng/ml was able to
      completely restore the MIF-producing capability of PBL from thymectomized guinea
      pigs. A standardized method for pooling and cryopreserving guinea pig PBL was
      developed, allowing multiple assays to be performed with a single pool of cells.
      The specificity of this bioassay system has made it a useful tool in evaluating
      the thymosin alpha 1 activity present in various thymosin preparations, and in
      validating biological activity of thymosin alpha 1 preparations made by synthetic
      or recombinant DNA techniques.

PMID- 6374045
TI  - Interleukin-2 is required for the induction of erythrocyte--specific antibody
      responses in human lymphocyte cultures.
AB  - The involvement of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in the generation of human antibody
      responses was studied using the pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced sheep erythrocyte
      specific plaque-forming cell (SE-PFC) response of cultured tonsilar lymphocytes.
      IL-2-containing supernatants from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human spleen or
      tonsil cells or the cloned human T cell line JURKAT were capable of replacing the
      requirement for PWM in the generation of SE-PFC and resulted in a more prolonged
      response than that observed with PWM. This effect of IL-2-containing medium was
      dependent on the presence of SE-derived antigens and was not due to the induction
      of polyclonal antibody synthesis. When purified by gel filtration the SE-PFC
      inducing activity co-eluted with IL-2 with an apparent molecular weight of
      approximately 15,000 (range, 8,000-20,000). Selective removal of IL-2 from crude
      or partially purified IL-2 preparations by extensive adsorption with activated
      murine thymocytes or an IL-2-dependent T cell line completely eliminated SE-PFC
      inducing activity, indicating that IL-2 itself was necessary for the effect. The
      question of whether or not this effect was mediated through T cells is discussed.

PMID- 6374046
TI  - Paul Ivan Yakovlev, M.D. (1894-1983).

PMID- 6374047
TI  - Teaching the client to cope through guided imagery.

PMID- 6374048
TI  - A critical comparison of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and conventional
      chemotherapy as treatment for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Published data from two centers conducting bone marrow transplantation on
      patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in first remission were pooled and
      compared with results from an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) study in
      which patients were treated with conventional chemotherapy. A series of
      adjustments were made to the ECOG sample to account for selection factors that
      restrict access of patients to transplantation. The transplant sample exhibits
      considerably higher disease-free survival when compared to the adjusted ECOG
      series (53% versus 21% at three years). The transplant series is somewhat younger
      than the ECOG series (median, 24 years versus 28 years). The impact of age on the
      disease-free survival results is difficult to assess because of the relatively
      small samples in the different age groups. However, by defining a suitable
      control group, methodology for making a critical comparison between the two
      modalities is presented which, if applied to larger samples of patients, should
      help to resolve the issue. In the absence of data from a large, prospective
      randomized study, a critical retrospective comparison of available data is
      essential in the assessment of treatment options.

PMID- 6374049
TI  - Intensive chemotherapy, total body irradiation, and autologous marrow
      transplantation for chronic granulocytic leukemia-blast phase: report of four
      additional cases.
AB  - Four patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1)-positive chronic granulocytic
      leukemia (CGL) in blast phase received cyclophosphamide, total body irradiation,
      and autologous marrow transplants using cryopreserved marrow from the stable
      phase. Two patients fully reestablished stable-phase leukemia that lasted for 26
      and six months; the first patient developed transient Ph1-negative hematopoiesis
      after transplantation. Three patients eventually died of recurrent blast-phase
      leukemia. Previous studies using autologous marrow for CGL have reported an
      occasional long survivor, but incomplete engraftment and especially the rapid
      recurrence of blast-phase leukemia have been responsible for the overall poor
      results. The latter problem complicates even normal marrow transplantation,
      indicating the inadequacy of the current therapeutic regimens used for treating
      blast-phase leukemia and the possibility of improving results with more effective
      regimens and autologous marrow transplantation. Although it is unknown whether
      the reestablishment of Ph1-negative hematopoiesis after transplantation
      contributes to improved survival, this interesting phenomenon must be
      investigated further.

PMID- 6374050
TI  - Randomized phase III comparison of three doxorubicin-based chemotherapy regimens
      in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a Southeastern Cancer Study Group trial.
AB  - From 1978 to 1981, 537 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer were
      randomly assigned to three regimens containing cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin
      alone or in combination with methotrexate or cisplatin. Eligible patients had
      measurable disease and had no prior exposure to chemotherapy. Of the patients
      entered on the study, 505 were evaluable for toxicity and 488 were evaluable for
      response. The overall response rate (complete and partial responses) was only 9%.
      Response rates did not vary significantly with respect to treatment regimen,
      histologic subtypes, extent of disease, or performance status. There was no
      survival advantage for any regimen. The major toxicities were myelosuppression
      and nausea-vomiting. These doxorubicin-based chemotherapy regimens produced
      disappointing results in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. A
      search for more active antitumor agents in lung cancer is necessary.

PMID- 6374051
TI  - Plasma clearance of carcinoembryonic antigen following hepatic metastatectomy.
AB  - Four patients with isolated hepatic metastases from primary colonic cancer
      presented with elevated plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels and
      underwent surgical metastatectomy . Plasma levels were monitored at two to six
      hour intervals in the immediate postoperative period and daily measurements were
      obtained for an extended period thereafter, up to 34 days. CEA clearance
      demonstrated a two-phase decrement with an initial rapid decay followed by a
      logarithmic decline with plasma half-lives of 66, 75, 150, and 208 hours. The
      first phase decline of 63% to 89% in circulating CEA levels immediately following
      tumor removal may reflect the fact that the plasma CEA is in dynamic equilibrium
      with the tumor CEA. The kinetics of the second-phase decline of CEA is variable
      and may be related to the quantitative circulating pool or to pathophysiologic
      processes influencing CEA metabolism or secretion in the liver. Quantitative
      assessment of tumor CEA content by immunoperoxidase techniques suggests a direct
      relationship between tissue levels and circulating plasma levels. The study of
      CEA kinetics may help in understanding the biology of tumor marker production and
      improve the capacity for clinical monitoring of plasma levels in conjunction with
      tumor therapy.

PMID- 6374052
TI  - Measuring the quality of life of cancer patients: the Functional Living Index
      Cancer: development and validation.
AB  - The classical criteria for the evaluation of clinical trials in cancer reflect
      alterations in physical well-being, but are insensitive to other important
      factors, such as psychosocial state, sociability, and somatic sensation that may
      play a critical role in determining the patients' functional response to their
      illness and its treatment. The Functional Living Index-Cancer is designed for
      easy, repeated patient self-administration. It is a 22-item questionnaire that
      has been validated on 837 patients in two cities over a three-year period.
      Criteria for validity include stability of factor analysis, concurrent validation
      studies against the Karnofsky, Beck Depression, Spielberger State and Trait
      Anxiety, and Katz Activities of Daily Living scales, as well as the scaled
      version of The General Health Questionnaire and The McGill/ Melzack Pain Index.
      The index is uncontaminated by social desirability issues. The validation studies
      demonstrate the lack of correlation between traditional measures of patient
      response and other significant functional factors such as depression and anxiety
      (r = 0.33), sociability and family interaction, and nausea. These findings
      elucidate the frequently observed discrepancies between traditional assessments
      of clinical response and overall functional patient outcome. The index is
      proposed as an adjunct to clinical trials assessment and may provide additional
      patient functional information on which to analyse the outcome of clinical trials
      or offer specific advice to individual patients.

PMID- 6374053
TI  - Two long-range clinical data bases are terminated: bang, whimper, or ripple?

PMID- 6374054
TI  - Efficacy trial of pipobroman in polycythemia vera and incidence of acute
      leukemia.
AB  - A trial was conducted between 1970 and 1981 with pipobroman (PB) in 100
      consecutive patients with polycythemia vera (PV), followed for a median time of
      60 months, to evaluate the efficacy of this drug and assess the risk of acute
      leukemia. Phlebotomy was not done before PB was given. Hematologic remission was
      achieved in 92% of previously untreated patients in a median time of 12 weeks
      (range, 6-48 weeks) and maintained for a median of 48 months. Acute hematologic
      toxicity was absent. The median overall survival was 140 months with 65% five
      year complication-free survival; the overall death rate at 12 years was 23% (6%
      of patients died of thrombotic complications). The actuarial risk of acute
      leukemia was 6% and 9% at five and seven years, and the time from the diagnosis
      of PV to leukemia ranged from 14 to 81 months. Myelofibrosis occurred in three
      patients and lung carcinoma in one. All leukemias were nonlymphoid with prominent
      monocytic component and dyserythropoiesis. One patient had erythroleukemia, two
      cases were heralded by preleukemia with chromosomal abnormalities, one involving
      the chromosomes 5 and 7. PB is effective in PV; however, despite an easy
      induction of remission, continuous low-dose maintenance is necessary and the risk
      of subsequent acute leukemia is still significant.

PMID- 6374055
TI  - Preliminary results of a randomized trial of adjuvant doxorubicin for sarcomas:
      lack of apparent difference between treatment groups.
AB  - Forty-two patients with localized intermediate and high-grade sarcoma were
      randomized after optimal primary treatment to receive five cycles of adjuvant
      doxorubicin 90 mg/m2 every three weeks (20 patients) or observation (22
      patients). Patients were stratified for grade, size, extent of surgical margin,
      and soft tissue versus other sarcomas. Groups appeared balanced for histology and
      superficial versus deep lesions. Eight patients (19%) have died. Follow-up times
      range from two to 69 months (median, 16 months). Two patients receiving
      doxorubicin (10%) developed cardiotoxicity presenting as pulmonary edema. One
      patient returned to normal activity on digoxin and diuretics; the other (age, 28
      years) died of intractable failure and arrhythmias after four weeks. While a
      nonsignificant difference in local control, metastasis-free survival, disease
      free survival, and survival was observed for extremity lesions, the advantage may
      be outweighed by the risk of cardiotoxicity. Seventy-six percent of the control
      patients with extremity lesions remain disease free. Because control patients do
      well, a very large study is required to define the role of adjuvant doxorubicin.

PMID- 6374056
TI  - Treatment of advanced neuroblastoma with supralethal chemotherapy, radiation, and
      allogeneic or autologous marrow reconstitution.
AB  - Ten children with recurrent metastatic (stage IV) neuroblastoma received local
      radiation therapy, supralethal chemotherapy, and total-body irradiation. Rescue
      with infusions of either allogeneic (four patients) or autologous (six patients)
      bone marrow followed. The drugs given to the first two patients were
      individualized combinations based on previous tumor responses. Both patients died
      with recurrent tumor three and nine months posttransplant. The eight remaining
      patients were treated more uniformly with local irradiation, VM-26, doxorubicin,
      melphalan (L-phenylalanine mustard), and 1,000-rad total-body irradiation in
      three fractions. Two of these patients had cardiac dysfunction and received no
      doxorubicin. Three children died in the immediate posttransplant period with
      disseminated fungal infections. A fourth relapsed and died nine months
      posttransplant. As of December 1, 1983, two children who received allogeneic
      marrow grafts have survived in complete remission for 54 and 36 months, and two
      children who received autologous marrow grafts have survived in complete
      remission for 35 and 22 months. These results suggest that relapsed metastatic
      neuroblastoma can be controlled by supralethal combinations of chemotherapy and
      irradiation coupled with bone-marrow rescue.

PMID- 6374057
TI  - Randomized trial of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and 5-fluorouracil alone or
      alternating with a "cycle active" non-cross-resistant combination in women with
      visceral metastatic breast cancer: a Southeastern Cancer Study Group project.
AB  - Patients with visceral patterns of metastatic breast cancer were stratified
      according to dominant metastatic site and performance status and then randomized
      to therapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and 5-fluorouracil (CAF) or CAF
      alternating with a "cell-cycle active" regimen including cytosine arabinoside,
      methotrexate with leucovorin rescue, and oncovin ( CAMELEON ). One hundred eighty
      seven patients were randomized; response rate for CAF was 44% and for CAF +
      CAMELEON , 40%. Durations of disease control and survival were not significantly
      different. Toxicity of CAF was as anticipated with predominant granulocytopenia,
      vomiting, and alopecia. Toxicity of CAMELEON was less severe than that of CAF,
      and CAF toxicity was not worsened by preceding courses of CAMELEON ; however, the
      CAF- CAMELEON regimen was cumbersome and complex leading to both physician and
      patient noncompliance. Contrary to the preliminary results of a pilot study, and
      preliminary reports of the present trial suggesting benefit for the CAF- CAMELEON
      regimen the present randomized trial does not confirm any significant benefit of
      CAF- CAMELEON over CAF alone in patients with visceral metastatic breast cancer
      although this conclusion must be viewed in light of the high inevaluability rate
      due to patient and physician noncompliance.

PMID- 6374058
TI  - Lorazepam: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study of a new antiemetic in
      patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy and prochlorperazine.
AB  - Lorazepam was compared to placebo to assess its control of nausea and vomiting in
      patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy and prochlorperazine. The study design
      was a randomized, double-blind crossover in which three consecutive chemotherapy
      courses were compared so that each patient acted as his or her own control. Of
      107 patients entered, 80 were evaluable for analysis. Lorazepam significantly
      reduced the severity and duration of nausea, the severity of vomiting, and the
      number of vomiting episodes when compared to placebo. Anxiety was reduced during
      lorazepam courses but not significantly when compared to placebo. There was
      significantly more sedation with lorazepam courses. Overall, patients preferred
      lorazepam courses although this preference was significant only in the patient
      subset receiving doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. Lorazepam is a useful adjunct
      to prochlorperazine in patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy.

PMID- 6374059
TI  - A randomized trial of metoclopramide and a combination of dexamethasone and
      lorazepam for prevention of chemotherapy-induced vomiting.
AB  - In a randomized, crossover design the antiemetic activity of one of the most
      active single agents, metoclopramide was compared with a combination of
      dexamethasone and lorazepam. Both regimens were effective, but dexamethasone
      lorazepam was significantly better than metoclopramide in preventing (26% versus
      13%) or limiting (44% versus 23%) vomiting. Although side effects were more
      frequent with lorazepam-dexamethasone, the patients generally judged them
      desirable and overall patient preference was strong (70% versus 12%) for the
      lorazepam-dexamethasone combination. Patients required supervision and assistance
      due to lorazepam-induced drowsiness.

PMID- 6374060
TI  - Macrobiotic diets for cancer treatment and prevention.

PMID- 6374061
TI  - In vivo and in vitro development of somatostatin-like-immunoreactivity in the
      peripheral nervous system of quail embryos.
AB  - The appearance and development of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) in the
      peripheral nervous system of quail embryos were studied using radioimmunoanalysis
      and immunocytochemistry. In vivo, no SLI is observed in neural crest cells before
      or during migration. SLI appears between days 3 and 4 of incubation in
      sympathetic ganglia, immediately following ganglion formation, and between days 4
      and 5 of incubation in the adrenal gland, soon after the adrenal gland primordium
      first appears. The development of SLI in the adrenal gland differs from that in
      the sympathetic ganglia. While in the former the amount of SLI and the number of
      SLI-containing cells increase as the embryo ages, in the sympathetic ganglia the
      amount of SLI and the percentage of SLI-containing cells decrease. When migrating
      neural crest cells are obtained from the sclerotomal part of 3-day embryos and
      grown in culture, they first display SLI after 48 hr, and the amount of SLI
      increases thereafter. When the sympathoadrenal precursors are removed at 4 days
      of incubation and grown in vitro, SLI appears after 24 hr in culture and
      increases during the next few days. Our results demonstrate that SLI is present
      very early in the quail embryo and that its appearance parallels the
      differentiation of neural crest cells into autonomic sympathetic ganglionic
      cells. We also show that the differentiation of neural crest into SLI-containing
      cells can be reproduced in culture, thus permitting the study of peptide
      production and expression in vitro.

PMID- 6374062
TI  - The ventral pallidal projection to the mediodorsal thalamus: a study with
      fluorescent retrograde tracers and immunohistofluorescence.
AB  - We have examined rat basal forebrain projections to the mediodorsal thalamic
      nucleus (MD) by making injections of retrogradely transported fluorescent tracers
      into the MD. Additionally, in some animals, we also stained sections for
      glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique. Our
      results demonstrate that the following basal forebrain areas project to the MD:
      lateral orbital cortex, agranular insular cortex superficial to claustrum,
      primary olfactory cortex, diagonal band nuclei, ventral pallidum, and amygdala. A
      large number of labeled cells are present in the olfactory tubercle, and these
      cells are almost without exception located in dense GAD-positive ventral pallidal
      areas rather than in striatal regions of the tubercle. This ventral pallidal
      projection to the MD strengthens the concept of a ventral striatal-pallidal
      system in parallel to the classic striatal-pallidal system which projects to the
      ventral thalamus. These results are also discussed in relationship to the
      olfactory system.

PMID- 6374063
TI  - Mononuclear lymphoid populations infiltrating the microenvironment of primary CNS
      tumors. Characterization of cell subsets with monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Mononuclear cell infiltrates are found to varying degrees in 30% to 60% of
      primary human central nervous system (CNS) gliomas. To explore the immunological
      importance of this, six operative glial tumors, eight non-glial tumors, and three
      normal brain specimens were studied. Utilizing an immunoperoxidase method, the
      authors examined frozen sections for lymphoid infiltrates expressing
      suppressor/cytotoxic and helper phenotypes, as identified with the Leu-1,2,3
      monoclonal antibodies. Four of six gliomas demonstrated lymphoid infiltrates:
      three tumors exhibited a predominant suppressor/cytotoxic cell phenotype and the
      fourth showed mixed staining of suppressor/cytotoxic and helper cell phenotypes.
      Varying degrees of lymphoid infiltration characterized four out of eight non
      glial primary CNS tumors. Two cases exhibited a prevalence of
      suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype cells, while two cases demonstrated a more
      heterogeneous pattern of phenotype expression. Normal brain sections revealed
      little or no evidence of mononuclear infiltrates. The immunobiological
      significance of these findings is discussed in the context of tumor-host
      interaction within the CNS.

PMID- 6374064
TI  - Systemic and cerebral effects of prostacyclin-induced arterial hypotension in the
      dog.
AB  - Prostacyclin has strong vasodilating and antiplatelet properties. This study was
      performed to investigate its potential for producing profound intraoperative
      hypotension. Five dogs were anesthetized with morphine, nitrous oxide, and
      oxygen, paralyzed with pancuronium, and ventilated to a PaCO2 of 40 torr. Mean
      arterial blood pressure (MABP) was lowered to 40 mm Hg with an intravenous
      infusion of prostacyclin in 0.05 M Tris buffer (average rate of infusion 3 +/- 1
      micrograms/kg/min). Blood flow was determined using the radioactive microsphere
      technique. Measurements were made before and after 20, 40, and 60 minutes of
      hypotension; and after a 40-minute recovery period. Infusion of prostacyclin
      reduced MABP 63% while increasing heart rate 51%. Tachyarrhythmias occurred in
      all dogs, and cardiac index decreased 18%. Myocardial blood flow decreased an
      average of 29%, cerebral blood flow decreased 30%, cerebellar blood flow
      decreased 18%, and blood flow in the brain stem and spinal cord was unchanged.
      Cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen, determined by measuring the oxygen content of
      the sagittal sinus, was unchanged. Hypotension was easily induced and maintained
      using prostacyclin, without apparent tachyphylaxis. However, the cardiac changes
      caused by this drug are more severe than those accompanying hypotension induced
      by most other agents, and may represent a serious contraindication to its
      clinical use.

PMID- 6374065
TI  - Plasma-cell granuloma of the fourth ventricle. Case report.
AB  - The case is presented of a 36-year-old woman with a plasma-cell granuloma arising
      in the fourth ventricle. The mass appeared on computerized tomography as a well
      circumscribed area of slightly high density that was markedly enhanced with
      contrast medium. Microscopic examination showed a mixed-cell population with a
      predominance of plasma cells, and the tumor was characterized
      immunohistochemically by polyclonal plasma-cell proliferation.

PMID- 6374066
TI  - Danger of intravenous injection during chemonucleolysis.

PMID- 6374067
TI  - Adequacy of intravenous digital subtraction angiography.

PMID- 6374068
TI  - Effects of a single large dose of methylprednisolone sodium succinate on
      experimental posttraumatic spinal cord ischemia. Dose-response and time-action
      analysis.
AB  - The ability of a single large intravenous dose of methylprednisolone sodium
      succinate (MPSS: 15, 30, or 60 mg/kg) to modify the evolution of lumbar spinal
      cord ischemia in cats undergoing a contusion injury of 500 gm-cm is examined.
      Repeated measurements of spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) in the dorsolateral
      funiculus were made via the hydrogen clearance technique before and for 4 to 5
      hours after injury. The mean preinjury SCBF for all animals was 12.29 +/- 0.77
      ml/100 gm/min. Following injury, SCBF began to decrease progressively in vehicle
      treated animals to a level of 7.71 ml/100 gm/min, a fall of 37.3%. In contrast,
      cats that received a 30-mg/kg intravenous dose of MPSS at 30 minutes after injury
      maintained SCBF within normal limits (p less than 0.05 at 3 and 4 hours after
      contusion). A 15-mg/kg MPSS dose was less effective at preventing posttraumatic
      white matter ischemia, and a 60-mg/kg dose was essentially ineffective. It was
      determined that the 30-mg/kg MPSS dose was optimal for supporting SCBF when the
      drug was given at 30 minutes after spinal trauma, and a second series of
      experiments was carried out to examine the ability of this dose, when given at
      longer latencies, to improve decreased flow. Methylprednisolone given at 1 1/2
      hours after injury in four cats produced a slight (12.7%) but transient
      improvement in SCBF, and when administered at 4 1/2 hours in another three
      animals was totally ineffective. These results show that MPSS in a 30-mg/kg dose
      can prevent posttraumatic spinal cord ischemia. However, it would appear that the
      ability of the steroid to reverse the ischemia once it has developed is limited,
      and probably lost, within a few hours of onset. This further suggests that the
      ischemic process is irreversible and underscores the need for early treatment
      with a large MPSS dose in order to prevent full development of ischemia and to
      promote neurological recovery.

PMID- 6374069
TI  - Multiple cerebral hemorrhages following chymopapain chemonucleolysis. Case
      report.
AB  - A case of multiple cerebral hemorrhages following chymopapain chemonucleolysis is
      reported. The authors believe the probable etiology was intrathecal extravasation
      of chymopapain after injection of the drug into a lumbar disc space.

PMID- 6374070
TI  - Marie Curie and her contemporaries. The Becquerel-Curie memorial lecture.

PMID- 6374071
TI  - Measurement of metabolic extraction of tracers in the lung using a multiple
      indicator dilution technique.
AB  - Selective pulmonary uptake of many natural and synthetic substances has been
      demonstrated by physiologists and pharmacologists using isolated perfused lung
      preparations or invasive techniques. It is difficult, however, to relate these
      laboratory studies to disease processes and to the study of problems encountered
      in a clinical environment. Our goal was to develop a noninvasive method for
      studying the pulmonary uptake of tracer substances using available radiotracers,
      gamma cameras, and computers that would give information similar, if not
      identical, to that from the invasive laboratory methods, and that could be
      applied in a clinical setting. The multiple-indicator dilution technique,
      modified for external counting, is well suited for such studies of pulmonary
      uptake of tracer substances. In this study, Tc-99m micro sulfur colloid (Tc-99m
      micro SC) was used as an intravascular reference tracer, N-isopropyl-p
      [123I]iodoamphetamine (I-123 IMP) as a cellular test tracer amine, and In-111
      DTPA as an extracellular tracer. Calculated first-pass lung uptakes of I-123 IMP
      and In-111 DTPA were 0.92 +/- 0.04 and 0.17 +/- 0.04, respectively, relative to
      the reference tracer. Using this approach, the first-pass pulmonary extraction of
      a variety of radiolabeled test tracers can be measured in a clinical environment
      in a variety of physiologic settings.

PMID- 6374072
TI  - Computation of glomerular filtration rate with Tc-99m DTPA: an in-house computer
      program.
AB  - The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be computed from the scintigraphic
      determination of Tc-99m DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) uptake within
      the kidneys. The required computations are straightforward and can easily be
      included in the software of various computers, including a hospital's existing
      data-processing system. This report presents a complete operational program based
      on extensive experience with this method. The program is easy to use, allows for
      adjustments to be made for unusual clinical conditions, and produces a permanent
      record that can be issued as part of the final report.

PMID- 6374073
TI  - Evaluation in dogs of a new double-dose technique for imaging changes in
      myocardial perfusion.
AB  - Assessment of myocardial perfusion with thallium immediately before and after an
      intervention that alters blood flow has been difficult due to presence of
      residual activity from the first tracer dose at the time of the second imaging.
      In a canine model we investigated a technique using two separate thallium
      injections during an intervention and after its reversal. Images were obtained
      after each injection, and a difference image was obtained by subtracting the
      first from the second image to correct for tracer persisting from the first
      injection. Interventions on coronary blood flow included: transient occlusion,
      subcritical stenosis with dipyridamole infusion, and permanent occlusion. The
      first images showed defects corresponding to the occlusion or stenosis, while the
      "difference" images correlated with myocardial perfusion at the time of the
      second injection. This technique allows rapid evaluation of changes in perfusion
      in response to interventions, and may find application in several clinical
      procedures.

PMID- 6374074
TI  - Current considerations in neonatal conjunctivitis.

PMID- 6374075
TI  - Phagocytosis of alveolar macrophages of pyridoxine-deficient rats.
AB  - We measured phagocytosis of opsonized sheep red blood cells by alveolar
      macrophages (AM) of rats fed a diet with or without pyridoxine for 4 weeks. In
      pyridoxine-deficient (DEF) and pair-fed control (PF) groups AM showed a higher
      degree of phagocytosis than those of rats in the ad libitum-fed control (AL)
      group. After in vitro treatment with a macrophage-activating factor (MAF), such
      as lymphokines, for 4 hours at 37 degrees C, AM from the PF and AL groups showed
      a greater enhancement of phagocytic activity than AM from the DEF group, which
      was slightly enhanced. When the effect of MAF prepared from splenic cells of rats
      of the PF or DEF groups on the phagocytosis of AM was observed, MAF from the PF
      group showed an approximate 35% increase of phagocytic ability compared to the
      supernatant of splenic cells cultured with medium only. However, MAF from the DEF
      group had no effect on phagocytosis. These results suggest that pyridoxine
      deficiency affects not only phagocytic function of AM responsible for host
      defense in the lung but also MAF production by splenic cells.

PMID- 6374076
TI  - Fabrication of a crown to fit an existing partial denture clasp.

PMID- 6374077
TI  - Specific binding ability of the cells of Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10557 to beta
      D-galactopyranoside-bovine serum albumin conjugate.

PMID- 6374078
TI  - Inhibitory effect of galactose on the establishment of Eikenella corrodens in the
      mouth of rats.

PMID- 6374079
TI  - Clinical measurement of lateral forces exerted to abutment teeth in removable
      partial dentures--a preliminary report.

PMID- 6374080
TI  - Occlusal force distribution in removable partial dentures: a preliminary report.

PMID- 6374081
TI  - Studies of rigidity of cast and wrought maxillary major connectors.

PMID- 6374082
TI  - Applications of microwave for dental technique (part 1). Dough-forming and curing
      of acrylic resins.

PMID- 6374083
TI  - Clinical trial of young red cell transfusions.
AB  - The lower mean cell age and prolonged 51Cr-labeled red cell survival of the top
      layer of centrifuged red blood cells suggest that this product may reduce blood
      requirements in patients with transfusion-dependent anemias. In a prospective
      clinical trial, we compared the effect of regular administration of young red
      cells with that associated with use of conventional frozen cells. Six patients
      with thalassemia major received 192 units of young red cells prepared from single
      donor units of whole blood using the IBM 2991 Cell Processor. The mean
      transfusion requirement to maintain the hemoglobin level greater than 9.0 gm/dl
      was 110 +/- 17 ml RBC/kg during the year of young cell transfusions, in
      comparison with 130 +/- 20 and 131 +/- 23 ml RBC/kg when conventional frozen
      cells were administered in the years before and after the young cell trial,
      respectively. Blood requirements in individual patients were reduced by 8% to 24%
      (mean 15.8%); the hemoglobin level remained constant. Although young cells of
      consistent quality can be prepared regularly in a clinical setting with little
      difficulty, the cost of the product is high and the effect on transfusion
      requirements is less than predicted from studies in vitro and from labeling
      experiments.

PMID- 6374084
TI  - Evaluation of aerobic and anaerobic methods for recovery of streptococci from
      throat cultures.

PMID- 6374085
TI  - Treatment of infantile colic with dicyclomine hydrochloride.
AB  - We performed a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical
      trial of dicyclomine hydrochloride using specific diagnostic criteria for
      infantile colic: spells of unexplained irritability, agitation, fussiness or
      crying lasting greater than or equal to 3 hours/day, occurring greater than or
      equal to 3 days/week, and continuing for greater than or equal to 3 weeks.
      Dicyclomine eliminated colic in 15 of 24 (63%) infants, whereas placebo was
      effective in six of 24 (25%) (corrected X2 = 5.42, P = 0.02). The study also
      addressed the hypothesis that parental distress caused by infantile colic affects
      subsequent temperament and sleep patterns. The data fail to document easier
      temperaments or longer sleep durations at 4 months in infants whose colic ceased
      during treatment.

PMID- 6374086
TI  - The lyophilization of pharmaceuticals: a literature review.

PMID- 6374087
TI  - The optimum time for surgical alignment in congenital esotropia.

PMID- 6374088
TI  - Muscular structural changes following fadenoperation.
AB  - The authors describe the macroscopic, histological, and ultrastructural findings
      observed in an experimental animal model of the fadenoperation . Grossly,
      muscular fibrosis and musculo-scleral adhesions were well established after the
      second postoperative month. Histologic findings demonstrated the development of a
      granulomatous, foreign body reaction around the musculo-scleral fixation suture,
      collagenization of the muscle tissue from the first postoperative month and
      degenerative phenomena in the muscle fibers. Electron transmission microscopic
      study showed atrophy and angulation with distortion of the myofibrillar matrix,
      along with alteration of the Z bands of muscle fibers, mitochondrial alteration,
      and dilatation of the sarcotubular system. All these experimental findings
      suggest the relative irreversible effects of the fadenoperation after the early
      postoperative period and for the first time, demonstrated that this surgical
      technique alters the muscle structure.

PMID- 6374089
TI  - Peter Rickham, Editor for Europe.

PMID- 6374090
TI  - Peter Rickham, teacher and colleague.

PMID- 6374091
TI  - Resection followed by vascularized bone autograft in patients with possible
      recurrence of malignant bone tumors after conservative treatment.
AB  - In conservative treatment of malignant bone tumors, assessment of the local
      condition is difficult. The radiological changes seen in the irradiated tumor and
      the frequent occurrence of pathological fractures at this site may give rise to
      the fear that the tumor has relapsed. Resection of the whole of the involved bone
      is the best way to assure adequate local control but the extent of the bone
      defect and the bad local conditions secondary to irradiation make reconstruction
      hazardous. In two patients (one with Ewing's sarcoma of the femur and one with
      osteogenic sarcoma of the humerus) the authors used a free, vascularized fibular
      graft for the reconstruction having obtained consolidation of the limb after
      resection of the irradiated tumor, with preservation of its function. The
      encouraging results obtained have suggested a conservative attitude as primary
      treatment of specific malignant bone tumors.

PMID- 6374092
TI  - Epidural abscess complicating Swenson procedure: a case report and a review of
      the literature.
AB  - A case is reported in which an anastomotic leak following the Swenson procedure
      for Hirschsprung's disease was complicated by the development of a pelvic abscess
      that communicated freely with the epidural space. The child presented with signs
      and symptoms of an epidural abscess, but his myelogram was normal. The diagnosis
      was made by urografin enema. The child was treated by defunctioning colostomy and
      drainage of the pelvic abscess by enlarging the defect at the anastomosis site
      digitally. The epidural space drained freely to the pelvis and therefore
      laminectomy was not required. The possible etiology of such a communication is
      discussed.

PMID- 6374094
TI  - The smear layer: a review of restorative progress.

PMID- 6374093
TI  - A comparison of the bond strengths of composite resins and glass ionomer cements.

PMID- 6374095
TI  - The influence of mechanical preparation of enamel prior to etching on the
      retention of sealants: three-year follow-up.

PMID- 6374096
TI  - Clinical evaluation of the retention of preformed crowns using two dental
      cements.

PMID- 6374097
TI  - Circulating beta-2-microglobulin levels during pregnancy and their possible
      relationship with feto-maternal histocompatibility.
AB  - Plasma beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2m) levels have been measured by
      radioimmunoassay in normal pregnant women, in two successive pregnancies of a
      woman who shares HLA antigens with her husband, in normal twin pregnancies, in
      toxemic pregnancies and in hydatidiform moles. During normal pregnancy, plasma
      beta 2m levels decrease reaching a minimum at week 14 and increase thereafter to
      a maximum at week 34. In the two successive pregnancies of the one patient with
      HLA compatibility, beta 2m concentrations were significantly lower than in normal
      pregnancies. Women with monozygotic twins had significantly less beta 2m than
      women with heterozygotic twins. Toxemic patients bearing female fetuses had also
      statistically lower beta 2m levels than toxemic women with male fetuses. Patients
      suffering from hydatidiform moles had beta 2m levels in the range of normal
      pregnant patients. Since circulating beta 2m is produced by lymphocytes one might
      assume that low beta 2m levels reflect a reduced activity of lymphocytes. The
      results presented here allow to propose a hypothesis which will have to be
      verified that reduced beta 2m levels are associated with an increased feto
      maternal histocompatibility.

PMID- 6374098
TI  - Further study of the inhibition of premature labor by indomethacin. Part II
      double-blind study.
AB  - In the etiology of premature labor prostaglandins fulfill a significant role. It
      is known that indomethacin is a strong inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. The
      effect of indomethacin on premature labor was studied in a prospective randomized
      double-blind study in 36 patients. Eighteen patients received indomethacin and
      eighteen received placebo. 200-300 mg of indomethacin was the total dosage in a
      24 hours period. The activity of the uterus was monitored with a cardiotocograph.
      The mean duration of pregnancy and the mean birth weight in indomethacin group
      (36.4 weeks, 2833 g) were both significantly greater (p less than 0.001) than
      that in placebo group (31.2 weeks, 2028 g). In the indomethacin group 3 children
      weighted less than 2500 g compared with 14 in placebo group. In 15 of 18
      indomethacin treated patients (83.3%) premature labor was arrested after
      indomethacin treatment compared with 4 of 18 in the placebo group (22.2%). The
      indomethacin group had a mean 1 minute APGAR score of 9.3 +/- 0.2 whereas the
      placebo group showed a score of 7.8 +/- 0.5 (p less than 0.01). Three infants
      died from respiratory distress syndrome; one in the indomethacin group (1810 g)
      and two in the placebo group (600 and 1450 g). Autopsies in the infants
      demonstrated a typical picture of pulmonary atelectasis and hyaline membranes.
      There was no evidence of premature closure of the ductus arteriosus or pulmonary
      hypertension. 2 mothers in the indomethacin group suffered minor discomfort i.e.
      nausea, vomiting and vertigo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6374099
TI  - [Chemical surveys on mycotoxins using cytotoxicity testing with special reference
      to cytochalasans].

PMID- 6374100
TI  - Nursing communication between local and referral cancer centers for pediatric
      bone marrow transplant patients. A report on the outcome of a project undertaken
      by the Children's Cancer Study Group Nursing Committee.

PMID- 6374101
TI  - Relationship between developmental changes in angiotensin II-induced contractions
      and stimulation of phosphatidylinositol labeling of rat aorta.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between developmental
      and tachyphylaxis-induced changes in the angiotensin II (AII) contractile
      response and All-stimulation of phosphatidylinositol (PI) labeling in rat aortic
      tissue. Dose-response curves for All-induced contractions of rat aortic strips
      demonstrated a decrease in All-midrange sensitivity during development.
      Significantly different EC50 values for contraction were observed at 21 days of
      age (0.36 nM), 37 days (0.89 nM) and adulthood (greater than 65 days) (6.92 nM).
      All also selectively stimulated the incorporation of [32P]PO4 into aortic PI, but
      not phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine or
      sphingomyelin. When using either 21-day-old or adult rats, All-stimulation of PI
      labeling was observed only at concentrations which are required to elicit
      contraction of adult aorta (10(-9) to 10(-7) M All). At 10(-7) M All, PI labeling
      was stimulated to 320% of control in adult and 250% of control in 21-day-old
      animals. The long-acting All antagonist, [ Sar1Ala8 ]All (2 X 10(-9) M), markedly
      reduced the maximal All-induced contractile response and caused a 2-fold increase
      in the EC50 in adult aorta. However, in immature aorta (21 days), this
      concentration of antagonist produced a 4-fold shift to the right in the All dose
      response curve with no decrease in maximum. In both 21 day and adult aorta, [
      Sar1Ala8 ]All (2 X 10(-9) M) significantly antagonized stimulation of PI labeling
      by a maximal concentration of All (10(-7) M) to about the same degree as that
      observed for antagonism of maximal adult aortic contraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6374102
TI  - A magnetic attachment for overdentures.

PMID- 6374103
TI  - Comparative observations of the use of cusp and zero-degree posterior teeth.

PMID- 6374104
TI  - Patient response to variations in denture techniques. Part VI: Mastication of
      peanuts and carrots.
AB  - This 5-year study was designed to determine if differences in masticatory ability
      existed among patients for whom dentures had been prepared with two different
      techniques. Patients were instructed to chew a given amount of a reliable test
      food for a certain number of strokes on each side of the mouth. After each trial
      the food was collected into a No. 8 mesh screen, washed, dried, and weighed. The
      percentage weight of food masticated per side per patient was recorded for each
      year. Results were combined for each group results and analyzed statistically.
      Statistical analysis of the two groups revealed changes in masticatory ability
      over the 5-year period. However, no significant statistical differences in
      masticatory ability existed between the two groups.

PMID- 6374105
TI  - Radiographic assessment of the marginal fit of cast restorations.

PMID- 6374106
TI  - Effect of concentrations of phosphoric acid on enamel dissolution.

PMID- 6374107
TI  - Physical properties of a polycarboxylate cement containing a tannin-fluoride
      preparation.

PMID- 6374108
TI  - An in vitro comparison of two dowel and core techniques for endodontically
      treated molars.
AB  - A laboratory study was designed to compare the shear-compressive strength of two
      post and core systems in mandibular molars. A buildup with cemented posts and an
      amalgam core proved to have greater strength than a system in which only amalgam
      was used to create a dowel and core. The addition of crowns to the buildups did
      not produce a significant increase in the shear strength of the specimens. Most
      specimens prepared by a specific restorative technique fractured in a consistent
      predictable pattern. The dentist should be aware of the incidence of lingual wall
      fractures in planning the restorations for endodontically treated molars. Careful
      evaluation of the remaining amount of tooth structure should influence the
      selection of the dowel and core technique.

PMID- 6374109
TI  - Repairing a crown-sleeve coping prosthesis. Part III.
AB  - The problem of an abutment tooth that has become carious and an inadequate
      support for a CSC prosthesis has been presented. The advantages and disadvantages
      of the various routine restorative techniques have been discussed. A detailed
      procedure for restoring a carious abutment tooth that also requires periodontal
      surgery was described.

PMID- 6374110
TI  - The subgingival microbial flora associated with human dental implants.

PMID- 6374111
TI  - The effect of posterior tooth form on the chewing cycle in the frontal plane.
AB  - The present study found that the closing angle 2 mm from intercuspal position was
      independent of artificial posterior tooth forms for the eight subjects who wore
      remote overdentures. This closing angle may be dependent on occlusal morphology
      in dentulous subjects. The difference could be related to the amount of
      proprioceptive input available from mechanoreceptors in the periodontal ligament.
      In edentulous subjects other parameters of chewing cycles may be dependent on
      posterior tooth forms. The studies cited, as well as the present one, have not
      provided adequate information regarding posterior tooth form, patient
      preferences, and masticatory function. More research is needed with larger
      numbers of subjects, one set of denture bases with interchangeable posterior
      segments, and double-blind examiners. Then dentists should be better equipped to
      solve and treat their patients' problems.

PMID- 6374112
TI  - Esthetic reconstruction and rebase procedure for maxillary complete dentures.

PMID- 6374113
TI  - Fabrication of full coverage restorations for existing removable partial
      dentures.
AB  - A technique has been described for the fabrication of full coverage restorations
      for existing removable partial dentures. This method requires that the patient be
      deprived of the removable prosthesis during the fabrication of the fixed
      replacement unit. Clearly, this may not always be possible or desirable, however,
      when it is possible, the end result outweighs the inconvenience to the patient.

PMID- 6374115
TI  - A simplified technique for magnetic retention of overdentures.

PMID- 6374114
TI  - Four-year longitudinal study of the periodontal health status of overdenture
      patients.
AB  - Seven patients with a total of 12 roots were treated with overdentures
      (maxillary, mandibular, or both) and recalled at 6-month intervals for a period
      of 4 years. A periodontist evaluated the periodontal health status of the
      abutment roots after complete periodontal therapy, immediately prior to placement
      of the overdentures, and at all recall visits. The gingival tissues around all
      the abutments were slightly erythematous and edematous and bled on probing. There
      were no statistically significant changes in pocket depth or in apparent width of
      attached gingiva on an intra-arch basis. However, statistically significant
      changes were found on comparison between the maxillary and mandibular arches.
      Over the 4-year period 50% of the roots remained immobile, 25% of the roots that
      were initially mobile exhibited no mobility, and 25% of the roots decreased in
      mobility. Five of 14 roots in eight patients (35.7% of the abutment roots)
      developed dental caries. Periodic recalls to reinforce plaque control measures,
      to provide adjunctive periodontal therapy, and to correct and adjust the
      prostheses of patients treated with overdentures are important factors in the
      longterm success of this treatment modality. Biomechanically, treatment of
      patients with overdentures is a valid practical alternative to complete dentures.

PMID- 6374116
TI  - Use of spring-loaded attachments for retention of removable partial dentures.
AB  - Where conventional clasping will result in poor esthetics, a simple alternative
      means of retention is available in the form of an attachment with a spring-loaded
      plunger. Careful placement of the attachment is important to provide effective
      retention and to prevent tooth movement.

PMID- 6374117
TI  - Physiologic determinants of primary impressions for complete dentures.
AB  - A technique has been described whereby a physiologic registration of the attached
      and unattached tissues of the denture-bearing areas can be attained. A low-fusing
      impression wax in conjunction with modeling compound is used for this purpose.

PMID- 6374118
TI  - Silver-plated dies. Part I: Platability of impression materials.
AB  - The purpose of this study were to determine the acceptability of silver-plated
      dies made from representative brands of impression material from each of the four
      groups of elastomers and to determine the time required for initial plating of
      dies. Permlastic and Impregum , each previously shown to produce consistent
      silver-plated dies, were used for comparison. Representatives from the
      condensation-reaction and addition-reaction ( polyvinylsiloxanes ) silicones
      groups were tested until satisfactory materials were selected. Citricon and
      Xantopren - Optosil were tested in the former group and President and Reprosil in
      the latter. Conclusions include the following: All materials were flash-plated in
      10 minutes or less. Acceptable silver-plated dies were obtained from Permlastic
      and Impregum . Acceptable silver-plated dies were obtained from condensation
      reaction silicones with Xantopren - Optosil . From the polyvinylsiloxane group,
      Reprosil plated more consistently than President. Both produce acceptable dies.
      The technique modification studied was not effective for Citricon and President.
      The surface quality of silver-plated dies and the consistency of plating varies
      with materials. Individual impression materials should be tested prior to their
      routine clinical use with silver-plating procedures.

PMID- 6374119
TI  - Temporary cementation of acrylic resin and cast complete crowns.

PMID- 6374120
TI  - Exposing the gingival margin: a systematic approach for the control of
      hemorrhage.
AB  - Consistent and successful gingival deflection can be performed by controlling
      hemorrhage first. A systematic approach with contemporary materials has been
      described for various clinical situations to aid the dentist in the selection of
      an appropriate technique when gingival deflection is performed.

PMID- 6374121
TI  - Retention and stress-distributing characteristics of a new dowel system.

PMID- 6374122
TI  - Custom prostheses used to support oral and maxillofacial surgery.
AB  - The number and complexity of oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures have
      increased markedly in the last 5 years. Various custom prostheses, both cast
      metal and acrylic resin, used to provide surgical fixation, stabilize skin
      grafts, and contour bone used to augment atrophic mandibles, were described.
      While these prostheses may appear complex, their fabrication in the dental
      laboratory involves standard techniques that are accomplished routinely. The
      complexity of the modality lies in the uniqueness of each patient's treatment
      plan, which requires a special level of understanding and cooperation by all
      members of the professional treatment team.

PMID- 6374123
TI  - Framework retention for maxillary obturator prostheses.

PMID- 6374124
TI  - Clinical evaluation of complete denture therapy: examiner consistency.
AB  - Criteria were developed to clinically evaluate denture base stability and
      retention. Six completely edentulous subjects participated in the study. Each
      patient was treated with two sets of complete dentures. Six prosthodontists who
      were not involved in the patients' treatment evaluated the stability and
      retention of each denture at the delivery appointment and weekly for the
      following 2 weeks by means of criteria in a standardized form. Evaluation of
      stability and retention for maxillary and mandibular complete dentures worn
      during weeks 1 and 2 were compared with the evaluations made at the delivery
      appointment for each denture. In tabulation of the data, the criteria considered
      reliable were mandibular denture retention, maxillary denture retention evaluated
      unilaterally, and maxillary denture stability. In each category most examiners
      rated the judgments the same or better when compared with the delivery
      appointment data for each patient.

PMID- 6374125
TI  - Fabrication of a replacement for a broken attachment.
AB  - A clinical and laboratory procedure is described for remaking a lost attachment
      for a removable partial denture rather than remaking the entire denture. This
      method enables continued use of the removable partial denture while the new
      attachment is made in the laboratory.

PMID- 6374126
TI  - Obtaining the posterior palatal seal.

PMID- 6374127
TI  - An effective method for relining metal-based prostheses with acid-etch
      techniques.

PMID- 6374128
TI  - Repairing torn irreversible hydrocolloid impressions with cyanoacrylate adhesive.

PMID- 6374129
TI  - Induction of plasma LH surges and normal luteal function in acyclic post-partum
      ewes by the pulsatile administration of LH-RH.
AB  - Plasma LH surges, similar to preovulatory surges in cyclic ewes (N = 9), were
      induced in 11/15 acyclic ewes, 19-26 days post partum, treated with LH-RH (100 ng
      i.v. every 3 h for 24 h, every 2 h for 24 h, then every 1 h for 24 h) (Group PPrh
      ), and in 11/15 LH-RH-treated acyclic ewes pretreated with progesterone (s.c.
      implant for 11 days) (Group PPprh ). Plasma progesterone, indicating subsequent
      luteal function, was detected in 10/11 Group PPrh ewes and in 9/11 Group PPprh
      ewes. The mean and peak plasma progesterone concentrations in these ewes were
      similar to those in cyclic ewes (2.0 +/- 0.2 and 3.1 +/- 0.4 ng/ml). The periods
      over which plasma progesterone was detected were similar in cyclic (11.7 +/- 0.5
      days) and in Group PPprh ewes (12.2 +/- 0.8 days), but less in Group PPrh ewes
      (9.6 +/- 0.4 days). After regression of the induced corpus luteum more Group
      PPprh ewes (6/9) than Group PPrh ewes (2/10) showed oestrus and continued
      cycling. These results show that an appropriate pattern of pulsatile LH-RH
      treatment of post-partum acyclic ewes, pretreated with progesterone, can lead to
      plasma LH surges, luteal function, and subsequent ovarian cyclicity similar to
      that found in cyclic ewes. This suggests that ovarian acyclicity in post-partum
      ewes is a reflection of an inadequate pattern of pulsatile release of LH-RH from
      the hypothalamus.

PMID- 6374130
TI  - Influence of age and artificial vaginal stimulation on fertility in female bank
      voles (Clethrionomys glareolus).
AB  - Female bank voles mated when 30-50 days old showed only 20-25% fertility at the
      first mating, but fertility increased to about 80% in animals greater than 100
      days of age at the first mating. Young females subjected to artificial cervical
      stimulation after the completion of a normal mating showed a much higher
      fertility than normally mated controls (76 compared with 29%). The reason for the
      low fertility therefore appears to be that young females require more stimulation
      to activate the corpora lutea than is normally received at a mating.

PMID- 6374131
TI  - Seasonal changes in testicular contents of testosterone and androstenedione and
      in the metabolic clearance rate of testosterone in the sand rat (Psammomys
      obesus).
AB  - Adult male sand rats (Psammomys obesus) were caught in the Beni-Abbes area. The
      highest testicular contents of androgens (ng/testis) were observed in autumn and
      in winter (testosterone: 7.6 +/- 1.1; androstenedione: 0.76 +/- 0.11) and the
      lowest in early summer (June) (testosterone: 1.5 +/- 0.3; androstenedione: 0.20
      +/- 0.05). Values had increased by late July. Annual variations of the
      testosterone metabolic clearance rate (litres/24 h/100 g body wt) were similar to
      those of testicular androgens; values were high in winter (6.7 +/- 0.7) and
      lowest in June (3.2 +/- 0.3). The onset of testicular endocrine activity in sand
      rats was concomitant both with the highest temperatures and the start of
      reduction in photoperiod; its regression occurred when temperature and
      photoperiod were increasing.

PMID- 6374132
TI  - Hypothalamic contents of LHRH and catecholamines during the ovulatory cycle of
      the hen (Gallus domesticus).
AB  - Concentrations of LHRH, dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline in the anterior
      hypothalamus-preoptic region (AH-POR) and posterior hypothalamus-median eminence
      (PH-me) were determined in hens killed at different times in relation to the
      first ovulation of a sequence. The occurrence of a preovulatory rise in plasma LH
      concentration 4-6 h before the expected time of ovulation was confirmed. This
      rise in plasma LH was accompanied by a significant (P less than 0.01) 50%
      reduction in the LHRH content of the AH-POR and PH-me while the subsequent fall
      in plasma LH was accompanied by a restoration of the LHRH content of both regions
      to their former levels. Although no significant fluctuations in the hypothalamic
      content of either dopamine, noradrenaline or adrenaline were detected during the
      ovulatory cycle, significant correlations between LHRH content and catecholamine
      content were observed in the AH-POR (P less than 0.05) and PH-me (P less than
      0.01). Thus mean levels of each amine followed the same temporal pattern as LHRH
      content with minimum values being observed shortly before the peak of the
      preovulatory surge of LH. These findings support the conclusion that an enhanced
      secretion of LHRH from the median eminence, possibly associated with an increased
      activity of catecholaminergic neurones, is a prerequisite for the preovulatory
      release of LH in the hen.

PMID- 6374133
TI  - Possible actions of gonadal oxytocin and vasopressin.

PMID- 6374134
TI  - Endocrine control of antler growth in red deer stags.
AB  - Observations of body weight, testis size, antler status, plasma testosterone and
      prolactin were made on 12 red deer stags during their first 2 years of life. Six
      of the stags were fed to appetite throughout the study (Group A) and 6 were fed a
      70% restricted diet during each winter (Group B). In addition 6 of the stags , 3
      from each group, were studied in more detail; LH and testosterone were measured
      either after a single injection of LH-RH or in samples taken at frequent
      intervals over a period of 8 or 24 h. During the study the stags became sexually
      mature, developed first their pedicles and then antlers and showed at least one
      complete cycle of casting and regrowth of the antlers . The stags in Group A
      developed their testes and pedicles about 2 months earlier than did those in
      Group B. Pedicle initiation was associated with increasing plasma testosterone
      levels in response to changes in LH secretion, and antler development occurred
      when testosterone levels were low or decreasing. Cleaning of the velvet was
      associated with high levels of plasma testosterone. Antler casting occurred when
      plasma testosterone concentrations were low or undetectable and prolactin levels
      were high or increasing. The relationship between LH and testosterone varied
      during the study; in spring when the testes and antlers were growing, relatively
      high levels of LH were associated with only small peaks of testosterone, yet in
      summer, when antler growth was complete and the antlers were clean of velvet, low
      LH concentrations were associated with large peaks of testosterone.

PMID- 6374135
TI  - Fertility after metroplasty of the septate uterus.
AB  - Congenital uterine anomalies are well known to affect a woman's fertility and
      ability to deliver a viable infant. A retrospective chart review with recent
      follow-up was performed for 38 women who underwent a modified Tompkin's
      metroplasty. All septate uterine configurations were proven by
      hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy. We examined the preoperative and
      postoperative fertility and pregnancy salvage rates. An examination to exclude
      other absolute infertility and pregnancy wastage factors was completed before
      surgery. Of 38 women studied, 30 (78.9%) had conceived before surgery, for a 6.2%
      pregnancy salvage rate. Of the 36 women operated on at least one year previously,
      24 (66.7%) had become pregnant, for a 77.8% pregnancy salvage rate. Fertility
      after metroplasty is dependent on many individual factors, and efforts must be
      made to maximize them. Metroplasty improves the pregnancy salvage rate in women
      with septate uteri.

PMID- 6374137
TI  - Gardnerella vaginalis vaginitis. The current opinion.
AB  - Gardnerella vaginalis, a gram-negative bacillus, was first described in 1954. The
      associated clinical entity, vaginitis, first described in 1955, is controversial.
      The disease has specific symptoms, signs and diagnostic criteria. It has a
      symbiotic relationship with anaerobic bacteria. Whether G. vaginalis is a
      pathogen or normal inhabitant of the vagina is a subject of debate. The term
      nonspecific vaginitis should not be used for G. vaginalis vaginitis. G. vaginalis
      is sexually transmitted.

PMID- 6374136
TI  - Naproxen sodium vs. a combination of aspirin, phenacetin, caffeine and codeine
      phosphate for pain after major gynecologic surgery. A multicenter comparison.
AB  - In this multicenter study a nonnarcotic analgesic available for moderate pain,
      naproxen sodium, 550 mg, was compared to a combination that is used extensively
      for moderate to severe pain, aspirin, phenacetin, caffeine and codeine phosphate
      (APC/C) (60 mg of codeine phosphate). Women with pain after major gynecologic
      surgery reported a similar pattern in pain reduction with the two medications
      except for a relatively sharper increase in pain intensity between four and six
      hours after administration of APC/C. A smaller number of patient complaints
      suggested that naproxen sodium was better tolerated than APC/C.

PMID- 6374138
TI  - A sonographic artifact, fetal hair, mimicking a craniocervical meningocele in
      pregnancy complicated by hydramnios. A report of two cases.
AB  - The use of ultrasound in clinical obstetrics has provided a great opportunity to
      diagnose fetal developmental defects while the fetus is still in utero. Two cases
      of ours illustrate how an unusual sonographic artifact, fetal hair, can suggest
      abnormal fetal development.

PMID- 6374139
TI  - Antibody to the mitotic spindle apparatus: immunologic characteristics and
      cytologic studies.
AB  - A naturally occurring autoantibody directed at the mitotic spindle polar
      apparatus (MSA) was detected in sera from 18 patients with defined or evolving
      connective tissue diseases by routine indirect immunofluorescence on a tissue
      culture cell. This IgG antibody stained the mitotic spindle poles of dividing
      tissue culture and tissue section substrates, with staining most prominent on
      substrates of human origin. With some sera, and cell lines, interphase cells
      showed isolated nuclear staining. Cytoplasmic staining was not apparent in any
      sera on any substrate. This specificity was shown to be distinct from tubulin by
      double fluorescence labeling studies. Patient sera exhibiting only this
      specificity did not precipitate antigens in rabbit or calf thymus nuclear
      extracts. However, several patients with systemic lupus erythematosus exhibited
      anti-MSA in combination with other autoantibodies. This autoantibody may be a
      useful probe for spindle pole-related structures.

PMID- 6374140
TI  - Uterine ligaments and the treatment of prolapse.

PMID- 6374141
TI  - Dental education and dental practice.
AB  - This paper relates recent modes of dental practice to changes that the public and
      government are likely to ask the health care professions to make in the future.
      As usual they are asking for the best of all worlds. First, that we maintain the
      clinical model to the highest standards of personal dental care based and tested
      against the best research at our disposal, whilst we ensure there is no reduction
      in the high technical standards for which british dentists have a reputation.
      Second, that the profession is required to consider ways of providing care on the
      medicosocial model for the whole community at an economic level the country will
      afford. The broad changes in dental education have been reviewed, from the
      technical apprenticeship to the establishment of strong university departments in
      teaching hospitals. The importance of a sound biomedical foundation and of
      research both to education and the credibility of dental practice as a primary
      health care profession is stressed if the profession is to retain its position as
      a sister to medicine and not slide down to that of a technical ancillary.

PMID- 6374142
TI  - Determination of progestational potency: a review.

PMID- 6374143
TI  - Oncogenes--implications for human cancer: a review.

PMID- 6374144
TI  - Neurochemistry and Sherrington's enchanted loom.

PMID- 6374146
TI  - Arabian medicine in the Middle Ages.

PMID- 6374145
TI  - Misleading aortographic finding in acute aortic dissection explained.

PMID- 6374147
TI  - Antibacterial activity demonstrated by culture filtrates of Proteus mirabilis
      isolated from screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
      larvae.

PMID- 6374148
TI  - Circadian rhythms of locomotor activity in Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera:
      Reduviidae).

PMID- 6374149
TI  - Microcomputers for computer-assisted instruction in anesthesiology.

PMID- 6374150
TI  - The effect of capsular polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide of Bacteroides
      fragilis on polymorph function and serum killing.
AB  - The determinant responsible for the ability of Bacteroides spp. to inhibit
      polymorph phagocytic killing of aerobic organisms has not yet been identified.
      Therefore, the roles of lipopolysaccharide and capsular polysaccharide of B.
      fragilis were investigated. Serum-resistant and serum-sensitive strains of
      Proteus mirabilis were used to indicate inhibition of phagocytic killing and
      serum killing of aerobes. Whole organisms of B. fragilis, purified
      lipopolysaccharide and capsular polysaccharide were added to an in-vitro
      phagocytosis system. Results showed that greater than 10(7) bacteroides/ml
      inhibited both serum and phagocytic killing. Concentrations below 10(7)/ml had
      little effect on either process. Purified capsular polysaccharide (10 or 100
      micrograms/ml), either alone in the system or in combination with sub-inhibitory
      concentrations of B. fragilis also markedly inhibited serum and phagocytic
      killing. Lipopolysaccharide (9 micrograms/ml) appeared relatively inert. B.
      ovatus, reputedly non-capsulated, produced identical results to those obtained
      with B. fragilis, but an encapsulated strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae did not
      inhibit serum or phagocytic killing.

PMID- 6374151
TI  - Reactions of extracts of Reiter treponeme with syphilitic and non-syphilitic
      human sera in the single radial haemolysis technique.
AB  - A single radial haemolysis (SRH) technique, using Reiter protein or Reiter lysate
      as the coating antigen, was investigated. Results obtained with syphilitic and
      presumed non-syphilitic human sera were compared with results obtained in the
      absorbed fluorescent treponemal antibody test (FTA-ABS), the Reiter protein
      complement fixation test ( RPCFT ), the Venereal Diseases Research Laboratory
      Slide test (VDRL) and the Cardiolipin Wasserman reaction ( CWR ). The SRH
      reaction, with either Reiter antigen, was more sensitive than any of the
      screening tests ( RPCFT , VDRL and CWR ) for detecting positive syphilitic
      antibodies. Although the SRH test used almost the same materials as the RPCFT ,
      it was appreciably more sensitive for the detection of the group-specific
      antibodies in syphilitic human serum.

PMID- 6374152
TI  - Colonisation of the upper respiratory tract of mice with group B streptococci
      type III with reference to the R-protein.
AB  - Nine strains of group B streptococci type III, five with R-protein (R+) and four
      without (R-) were tested for capacity to colonise the upper respiratory tract in
      mice and to adhere to human buccal cells. In the mouse model, 80-microliter
      inocula of dilutions of overnight cultures of the strains in Todd Hewitt broth
      were placed in the external nares under light ether anaesthesia. A pilot
      experiment demonstrated that it was reasonable to study the throat colonisation 2
      and 4 days after inoculation. Groups of 18-20 mice were then given inocula
      containing 8 X 10(6) cfu/ml of five R+ and four R- strains. At day 4,
      significantly more mice were colonised with type III, R+ strains (73% of the
      animals) than with type III, R- strains (44%) (p less than 0.01). In adherence
      experiments with human buccal cells, no difference was found between the R+ and R
      strains. The results indicated that the higher colonisation rate among R+
      strains was mediated by mechanisms other than adherence.

PMID- 6374153
TI  - A method to facilitate the reading of up to 60 samples of monoclonal antibody
      fluorescence stained cells using Medicell HLA-DR plates.

PMID- 6374154
TI  - In vitro studies on the effect of levamisole in lepromatous leprosy.
AB  - Our previous studies have demonstrated a defective macrophage response to M.
      leprae in lepromatous leprosy patients. In the present study we report the
      restoration of Fc receptor and HLA-DR antigen expression as well as antigen
      specific macrophage-lymphocyte interaction on treatment with levamisole in vitro.
      These results indicate that levamisole activates the macrophages which in turn
      results in an improved cell mediated immune response in lepromatous leprosy. This
      may also be applicable in other disease situations.

PMID- 6374155
TI  - Codon context effects in missense suppression.
AB  - After our first observation of codon context effects in missense suppression (
      Murgola & Pagel , 1983), we measured the suppression of missense mutations at two
      positions in trpA in Escherichia coli. The suppressible codons in the trpA
      messenger RNA were the lysine codons, AAA and AAG, and the glutamic acid codons,
      GAA and GAG. The mRNA sites of the codons correspond to amino acids 211 and 234
      of the trpA polypeptide, positions at which glycine is the wild-type amino acid.
      Our data demonstrated codon context effects with both pairs of codons. The
      results indicate that suppression of AAA and AAG by mutant lysine transfer RNAs
      was more efficient at 211 than at 234, whereas suppression of GAA and GAG by two
      different mutant glycine tRNAs was more efficient at 234 than at 211. In general,
      the context effects were more pronounced with GAG and AAG than with GAA and AAA.
      (In some instances it appeared that suppression of GAA or AAA at a given position
      was more effective than suppression of GAG or AAG.) By contrast, no context
      effects were observed with a glyT suppressor of AAA and AAG, a glyT GAA/G
      suppressor, and a glyU suppressor of GAG. Our observation of this phenomenon in
      missense suppression demonstrates that codon context can affect polypeptide
      elongation and that the effects can be different depending on the codons and
      tRNAs examined. It is suggested that tRNA-tRNA interaction on the ribosome is
      involved in the observed context effects.

PMID- 6374156
TI  - An effect of codon context on the mistranslation of UGU codons in vitro.
AB  - Effects of codon context on nonsense codon suppression may act either through
      release factor recognition of termination codons or aminoacyl-tRNA selection by
      the ribosome. The latter hypothesis has been studied by comparing misreading by
      Escherichia coli UGA suppressor tryptophan tRNA of UGU (cysteine) codons in two
      synthetic polymers, poly(U-G) and poly( U5 , G), which differ in sequence around
      the UGU codons. In vitro translation of these polymers in a cell-free system from
      E. coli yielded selection errors of 4 X 10(-3) and 1.75 X 10(-2) for UGU codons
      in poly(U-G) and poly( U5 , G), respectively. This difference suggests that codon
      context may significantly affect misincorporation of amino acids into protein.

PMID- 6374157
TI  - Synthesis of the isoleucyl- and valyl-tRNA synthetases and the isoleucine-valine
      biosynthetic enzymes in a threonine deaminase regulatory mutant of Escherichia
      coli K-12.
AB  - A mutation in the structural gene for threonine deaminase, ilvA538 , results in
      lower than normal levels of the isoleucyl, valyl- and leucyl-tRNA synthetases.
      Moreover, this regulatory mutation decreases the level of expression of the ilv
      biosynthetic operons and renders their expression non-responsive to limitations
      of the branched-chain amino acids. In this paper, we present in vitro evidence
      for the inhibition of isoleucyl- and valyl-tRNA synthetase activity by threonine
      deaminase and 2-ketobutyrate, the product of the threonine deaminase reaction,
      through the formation of a high molecular weight complex of the three molecules.
      Based on these results, we propose a model to explain the regulation of the
      isoleucyl- and valyt -tRNA synthetases in which transient inhibition of the
      synthetase enzyme activities by threonine deaminase and 2-ketobutyrate increases
      the expression of ileS and valS , the structural genes for isoleucyl- and valyt 
      tRNA synthetase, respectively. Further, the results suggest that the
      hyperattenuated expression of the ilv biosynthetic operons is due to an increased
      rate of complex formation of valyl and isoleucyl-tRNA synthetases and the altered
      form of threonine deaminase of the ilvA538 mutant strain.

PMID- 6374158
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the trfA gene of broad host-range plasmid RK2.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of a 1622 base-pair segment of the broad host-range IncP
      plasmid RK2 (identical to RP1, RP4, R18 and R68) was determined. This region
      includes the trfA gene, encoding a trans-acting product essential for vegetative
      plasmid replication. The nucleotide sequence, together with the results described
      in the accompanying paper by Shingler & Thomas, indicates that the trfA gene
      encodes two polypeptide products (of 382 and 285 amino acids) by utilizing
      different translational start points within a single open reading frame. The
      region common to both trfA polypeptides includes a sequence with homology to a
      number of proteins that bind to double-stranded DNA. The trfA gene is preceded by
      another open reading frame, encoding a polypeptide of 116 amino acids of unknown
      function. Both cistrons are transcribed from a promoter outside the region of
      sequence reported here; however, much higher levels of the short polypeptide than
      of either of the trfA gene products are observed. Possible mechanisms for the
      control of the relative levels of the products of this operon are discussed,
      together with features of the trfA gene that may be important for its function in
      the diverse gram-negative bacterial species in which RK2 can be maintained.

PMID- 6374159
TI  - Genetic analysis of the tryptophan operon regulatory region using site-directed
      mutagenesis.
AB  - The regulatory region of the tryptophan operon of Escherichia coli was subjected
      to in vitro site-directed mutagenesis using sodium bisulfite as the mutagen. The
      mutagenized DNA was used to transform cells to drug resistance, and plasmid DNAs
      from individual transformants were isolated and sequenced. Overall, 22% of the
      plasmids sequenced contained alterations within the region of interest. Many of
      the mutants obtained had characteristics that bear on aspects of the alternative
      secondary structure model of attenuation. Expression analyses with several of the
      mutants provided evidence suggesting that ribosome dissociation at the leader
      peptide stop codon may be rapid and that this dissociation is responsible for
      setting the steady-state level of expression observed in cultures growing in the
      presence of excess tryptophan. One mutation altered the amino acid composition of
      the leader peptide without affecting a transcript secondary structure. The
      behavior of this mutant supports the prediction that the leader peptide per se
      plays no role in attenuation, rather it is the act of synthesis of the peptide
      that has regulatory significance. Several of the mutations provide information on
      the structure of the RNA antiterminator . Additional mutations support the
      conclusion that the last stem and loop structure in the terminated transcript,
      structure 3:4, is sufficient to cause transcription termination.

PMID- 6374160
TI  - Further sequence analysis of the phage lambda receptor site. Possible
      implications for the organization of the lamB protein in Escherichia coli K12.
AB  - We present the DNA sequence alterations due to seven lamB missense mutations
      yielding resistance to phages lambda and K10. They reveal five different amino
      acid positions in the LamB protein. Three positions (245, 247 and 249) define a
      new region required for phage adsorption. The two other positions (148 and 152)
      belong to a region where mutations to phage resistance has already been detected.
      These two regions are hydrophilic and could belong to turns of the protein
      located at the surface of the cell. All the missense mutational alterations to
      phage resistance sequenced in the LamB protein correspond to 10 sites located in
      four different segments of the polypeptide chain. We discuss their location in
      terms of the notion of phage receptor site and of a working model for the
      organization of this protein in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6374161
TI  - Effects of noncarbohydrate substrates on protein synthesis in hearts from fed and
      fasted rats.
AB  - An overnight fast reduced RNA content and resulted in lower rates and efficiency
      of protein synthesis when rat hearts were perfused in vitro and supplied glucose
      as oxidizable substrate. Decreased efficiency of synthesis was associated with
      development of a block in peptide chain initiation in hearts of both fed and
      fasted rats. Provision of pyruvate increased the rate and efficiency of protein
      synthesis in fasted but not fed tissue, and partially overcame the initiation
      block in both groups. A mixture of glucose, pyruvate and insulin increased the
      efficiency of protein synthesis and decreased ribosomal subunit content to
      similar values in both groups of hearts. Noncarbohydrate substrates, including
      pyruvate, lactate, acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate, supported higher rates
      of protein synthesis than glucose in hearts of fasted, but not fed rats. However,
      mixtures of glucose and either pyruvate, acetoacetate or beta-hydroxybutyrate
      increased the synthetic rate in fed tissue. Provision of noncarbohydrate
      substrates increased energy availability, as indicated by higher creatine
      P/creatine ratios in both groups of hearts, but the synthetic rate increased as a
      function of creatine-P/creatine ratio only in the fasted tissue. Octanoate and
      leucine accelerated protein synthesis and increased energy availability in the
      fed tissue. The mixtures of glucose and noncarbohydrate substrates or octanoate
      elevated glucose-6-P content. These studies indicate that an overnight fast
      decreased the capacity for protein synthesis and modified the regulation of
      synthesis by noncarbohydrate substrates.

PMID- 6374162
TI  - The importance of a smooth root surface.

PMID- 6374163
TI  - The effects of pulsed ultrasound on the fetus.
AB  - Recent developments suggest that transient cavitation must be considered in
      assessing the safety of diagnostic uses of ultrasound. An analysis of the
      literature on exposure of the fetus to pulsed ultrasound reveals no direct
      evidence that diagnostic ultrasound produces any effect on the fetus.

PMID- 6374164
TI  - Alteration of active transport after bacteriophage T5 infection.
AB  - Bacteriophage T5 absorption immediately followed by injection of the first-step
      transfer DNA segment produces alterations in the bacterial membrane which reduce
      the uptake of amino acids and of o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside.
      Concomitantly, intracellular ATP is hydrolyzed. The extent of inhibition of
      uptake and of ATP hydrolysis is cooperatively increased with the multiplicity of
      infection. Inhibition of active transport at a high multiplicity of infection
      (greater than 3) is also observed after the second step of DNA injection. In
      contrast, at low multiplicities of infection, phage proteins are able to enhance
      amino acid uptake. Infection of su- bacteria with amber mutants in the first-step
      transfer DNA suggests that protein A1 is implicated in this enhancement.

PMID- 6374165
TI  - Lysis of uninfected and virus-infected cells in vivo: a rejection mechanism in
      addition to that mediated by natural killer cells.
AB  - To examine the lysis of virus-infected cells in vivo, uninfected and lymphocytic
      choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-infected L-929 cells were labeled in vitro with
      [125I]-iododeoxyuridine and implanted intravenously into mice. Natural
      cytotoxicity against both uninfected and virus-infected cells was demonstrated in
      normal uninfected mice, but LCMV-infected cells were cleared from the lungs and
      whole bodies more rapidly than uninfected cells. Treatment of L-929 cells with
      defective interfering LCMV inhibited standard virus synthesis and protected the
      target cells from enhanced in vivo rejection. The in vivo rejection was
      apparently mediated by a cellular constituent of the host immune response and not
      simply a result of virus-induced cytopathic effects on the target cell, as
      hydrocortisone acetate and cyclophosphamide each reduced rejection of both target
      cell types and eliminated the enhanced rejection of LCMV-infected cells. The
      enhanced rejection of LCMV-infected cells was not restricted by
      histocompatibility antigens, indicating that classic T-cell recognition was not
      involved in the lysis, and since the enhanced rejection of LCMV-infected cells
      was mediated by mice treated with cobra venom factor, complement was also not
      involved in the lysis. Although moderate levels of interferon (102 U/ml) were
      present in the sera and although there was a modest activation of natural killer
      (NK) cells in the lungs of LCMV-infected cell recipients but not uninfected cell
      recipients, the enhanced rejection of virus-infected cells did not appear to be
      NK cell mediated. Normal mice and mice depleted of NK cell activity by in vivo
      treatment with antibody to asialo ganglio-n-tetraosylceramide ( AGM1 ) rejected
      uninfected and LCMV-infected L-929 cells similarly. This antibody markedly
      inhibited the rejection of NK-sensitive YAC-1 cells. In addition to the natural
      cytotoxicity directed against virus-infected cells, a second nonspecific
      rejection mechanism appeared in response to treatment protocols which induced
      interferon. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid and infection with LCMV augmented in
      vivo rejection of both uninfected and LCMV-infected L-929 cells but eliminated
      the differential rejection of the virus-infected cells. Infection with LCMV also
      augmented the in vivo rejection of the NK-sensitive target cell, YAC-1. In vivo
      treatments with anti- AGM1 sera only moderately inhibited the elevated rejection
      of uninfected and LCMV-infected L-929 cells, indicating that the enhanced
      rejection of these target cells was predominantly mediated by a mechanism other
      than that mediated by NK cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6374166
TI  - Uukuniemi virus maturation: immunofluorescence microscopy with monoclonal
      glycoprotein-specific antibodies.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies directed against Uukuniemi virus glycoproteins G1 and G2 in
      combination with polyclonal antibodies against the nucleoprotein (N) were used to
      study the maturation of the virus in Golgi complexes of infected chicken embryo
      fibroblasts and BHK cells. Of 25 monoclonal antibodies obtained, 10 were shown to
      be G1 specific and 15 were shown to be G2 specific by immunoblotting and
      immunoprecipitation. In double-staining experiments, some of the monoclonal
      antibodies gave similar distributions of fluorescence as compared with the
      staining obtained from polyclonal rabbit anti-G1-G2 antibodies. Others, however,
      preferentially stained either the glycoproteins in the Golgi complex or those at
      the cell surface. This may indicate that the glycoproteins underwent
      conformational changes during their transport. Uukuniemi virus infection resulted
      in the vacuolization of the membranes of Golgi complexes where the maturation of
      the virus was taking place. Double-staining experiments with monoclonal
      antibodies which preferentially stained the Golgi-associated viral glycoproteins
      and with anti-N polyclonal rabbit antiserum showed a correlation between the
      progressive vacuolization of the Golgi complex and the accumulation of viral
      nucleoprotein in the Golgi region, suggesting that a morphological alteration of
      the Golgi complex may be a prerequisite for intracellular maturation of the
      virus. Treatment of Uukuniemi virus-infected cells with tunicamycin, a drug which
      inhibits N-linked glycosylation, resulted in the accumulation of both
      glycoproteins at an intracellular location, apparently representing the
      endoplasmic reticulum. Double-staining experiments showed a parallel accumulation
      of nucleoprotein at these sites, indicating that local accumulation of
      glycoproteins is required for nucleoprotein binding to intracellular membranes.

PMID- 6374167
TI  - Valyl-tRNA synthetase modification-dependent restriction of bacteriophage T4.
AB  - A strain of Escherichia coli, CP 790302, severely restricts the growth of wild
      type bacteriophage T4. In broth culture, most infections of single cells are
      abortive, although a few infected cells exhibit reduced burst sizes. In contrast,
      bacteriophage T4 mutants impaired in the ability to modify valyl-tRNA synthetase
      develop normally on this strain. Biochemical evidence indicates that the phage
      modified valyl-tRNA synthetase in CP 790302 is different from that previously
      described. Although the enzyme is able to support normal protein synthesis, a
      disproportionate amount of phage structural protein (serum blocking power) fails
      to mature into particles of the appropriate density. The results with host strain
      CP 790302 are consistent with either a gratuitous inhibition of phage assembly by
      faulty modification or abrogation of an unknown role that valyl-tRNA synthetase
      might normally play in viral assembly.

PMID- 6374168
TI  - Suboptimal results in full thickness skin graft urethroplasty using an
      extrapenile skin donor site.
AB  - We performed 22 full thickness skin graft urethroplasties for treatment of
      urethral stricture disease or hypospadias. Excellent results were achieved in 18
      cases in which a penile skin donor site was used. Three failures occurred in 4
      cases in which the full thickness graft was raised from the inner aspect of the
      upper arm. These results suggest caution when extrapenile skin is used for such
      repairs.

PMID- 6374169
TI  - Phase II trial of doxorubicin in bidimensionally measurable prostatic
      adenocarcinoma.
AB  - Intravenous doxorubicin (30 to 60 mg. per m.2 every 3 weeks) was administered to
      52 patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate, including 41 with
      bidimensionally measurable soft tissue lesions. Prior therapy in the measurable
      disease group included hormonal manipulation in 39 cases, irradiation in 39 and
      cytotoxic drugs in 19. In 39 of 41 adequately treated patients with soft tissue
      lesions only 2 (5 per cent, 95 per cent confidence limits 0 to 12 per cent)
      achieved a partial remission for 12 and 6 months, respectively, 3 had a minor
      response for 5, 4 and 3 months, respectively, and 1 had stabilization of disease
      for 4 months. Survival in this group was 16 months versus 5 months for patients
      with a mixed response and progression of disease. Of 11 patients with evaluable
      parameters only 1 had stabilization and 5 showed subjective improvement.
      Recognizing the patient selection bias and treatment schedule in this study, we
      believe that doxorubicin has marginal activity in soft tissue lesions in patients
      with advanced prostatic cancer.

PMID- 6374170
TI  - Extragenital split thickness skin graft for urethral reconstruction.
AB  - The reconstructive surgeon often is called upon to correct a severe deformity
      after previous operative attempts have failed, leaving a scarred and ischemic
      surgical field. A successful result requires an innovative operative approach and
      thorough knowledge of the established principles, as well as willingness to apply
      and to modify them. Frequently, one is faced with the so-called hypospadias
      crippled in whom little acceptable genital skin is available for urethral and
      penile reconstruction. When a salvage procedure is necessary in these instances
      we have used a free split thickness graft of extragenital skin. This technique
      was used in 11 male patients between 8 and 21 years old, the majority of whom
      were seen after multiple failed hypospadias or epispadias repairs. Complications
      included urethral stricture in 2 boys and fistula in 2 others. Long-term results
      have been excellent with a followup of 4 years. Although this procedure has not
      been accepted widely in the past, we believe that it can be useful if several
      important technical points are observed. This method is a useful addition in a
      salvage situation for urethral reconstruction when local skin is not available.

PMID- 6374171
TI  - Transplantation of a horseshoe kidney into 2 recipients.
AB  - A horseshoe kidney was retrieved en bloc with the aorta and inferior vena cava,
      divided at the isthmus and transplanted into 2 recipients. This anomaly is not a
      contraindication to cadaver kidney donation.

PMID- 6374172
TI  - Genitourinary malacoplakia in renal transplant recipients: pathogenic, prognostic
      and therapeutic considerations.
AB  - The management of genitourinary malacoplakia in renal transplant recipients has
      been unsatisfactory previously, as evidenced by an unacceptably high rate of
      graft loss and mortality. To optimize future management of this problem we
      studied 2 poorly recognized factors in the pathogenesis and prognosis of
      genitourinary malacoplakia in transplant recipients: 1) the probable role of
      azathioprine as the specific immunosuppressive agent responsible for the
      pathogenesis of malacoplakia, and 2) the importance of the localization of the
      disease and its impact on the ultimate prognosis. A new therapeutic regimen is
      suggested, which includes long-term antibiotics combined with an immediate
      modification of azathioprine therapy and early graft nephrectomy in selected
      cases with renal parenchymal involvement.

PMID- 6374173
TI  - Enhanced immune response in the urinary tract of the rat following vaginal
      immunization.
AB  - The immune response in the rat urinary tract was assessed by an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulins following vaginal immunization and
      subsequent intravesical challenge with live E. coli 06. Vaginally immunized rats
      showed a strong and rapid bladder immune response following intravesical
      challenge, in contrast to nonimmunized control rats. The immune response was
      localized to the urinary tract in that antibody to E. coli 06 was not detected in
      serum, saliva and vaginal washes from immunized rats.

PMID- 6374174
TI  - From the NIH. Intraoperative radiation therapy.

PMID- 6374175
TI  - A letter from Joseph Lister to Dr David Walsh.

PMID- 6374176
TI  - Landmark article July 9, 1960: Closed-chest cardiac massage. By W. B.
      Kouwenhoven, James R. Jude, and G. Guy Knickerbocker.

PMID- 6374177
TI  - Landmark perspective: Closed-chest massage, Kouwenhoven, Jude, Knickerbocker.

PMID- 6374178
TI  - Paul Revere and medicine.

PMID- 6374179
TI  - Medicine in the USA: historical vignettes. XXIV. The continuity of history.

PMID- 6374181
TI  - Landmark article July 7, 1962: The battered-child syndrome. By C. Henry Kempe,
      Frederic N. Silverman, Brandt F. Steele, William Droegemueller, and Henry K.
      Silver.

PMID- 6374180
TI  - Migration and granulomatous reaction after periurethral injection of polytef
      (Teflon).
AB  - Although patients with urinary incontinence have been treated successfully by
      periurethral injection of polytef paste, this study in continent animals
      demonstrates migration of polytef particles from the injection site. We injected
      polytef paste periurethrally into female dogs and male monkeys. Particles were
      found at 50 to 70 days in pelvic nodes in six of seven animals and lungs in four
      of seven (the kidneys and brain were not studied); and at 10 1/2 months in pelvic
      nodes, lungs, and brain in seven of seven; kidneys in four of seven; and spleen
      in two of seven. X-ray microanalysis confirmed that the particles were polytef.
      At 10 1/2 months, polytef granulomas were found at all injection sites and some
      sites of distant migration. Since these granulomas signify chronic foreign-body
      reaction, we believe that until the long-term effects in humans are known,
      polytef paste should not be used in children or young adults with normal life
      expectancy.

PMID- 6374182
TI  - Landmark perspective: The 'battered child' revisited.

PMID- 6374183
TI  - Dr Alexis Carrel and tissue culture.

PMID- 6374184
TI  - Landmark article April 6, 1964: Asbestos exposure and neoplasia. By Irving J.
      Selikoff, Jacob Churg, and E. Cuyler Hammond.

PMID- 6374185
TI  - Landmark perspective: Asbestos. An industrial asset with a health cost.

PMID- 6374186
TI  - Erroneous reporting of errors.

PMID- 6374187
TI  - Landmark article Feb 15, 1965: A "new" antigen in leukemia sera. By Baruch S.
      Blumberg, Harvey J. Alter, and Sam Visnich.

PMID- 6374188
TI  - Jean-Baptiste-Etienne-Auguste Charcot.

PMID- 6374189
TI  - Landmark perspective: The Australia antigen.

PMID- 6374190
TI  - [Clinical efficacy of ceftazidime in inflammatory diseases in the field of
      gynecology].
AB  - Ceftazidime ( CAZ ) was evaluated for its clinical efficacy in a total of 12
      cases, namely 3 cases of endometritis, 3 cases of intrapelvic infections, 4 cases
      of adnexitis and 2 cases of external genital infections. In all the cases, CAZ
      was administered by intravenous drip infusion, and the duration of the treatment
      ranged from 3 to 22 days. Daily dose was 2 g in 10 cases, and in the remaining 2
      cases, daily doses were changed during the course of treatment in the range from
      2 to 4 g. The clinical results of CAZ by disease were as follows; excellent in 1
      case and good in 2 cases of endometritis, good in all the 3 cases of intrapelvic
      infections and the 4 cases of adnexitis, and excellent in 1 case and good in 1
      case of external genital infections. The overall efficacy rate was 100%, namely,
      excellent in 2 cases and good in 10 cases of the total of 12 cases. Neither side
      effects nor abnormal laboratory findings attributable to CAZ were observed in any
      of the case. From these results, we may conclude that CAZ is a safe antibiotic
      with satisfactory clinical effects on gynecological infections.

PMID- 6374191
TI  - [Clinical studies of intravenous drip infusion of micronomicin. Urinary tract
      infections].
AB  - There is a growing tendency that aminoglycosides are used by intravenous drip
      infusion. Micronomicin sulfate (MCR) is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic and its
      mild nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity demonstrated in animals set us to perform
      clinical studies, in which 22 institutions in Japan used this antibiotic by
      intravenous drip infusion for the treatment of urinary tract infections and
      reached the following conclusions: The response rate in complicated urinary tract
      infections was 60.6% when daily 240 mg was administered in 2 doses and 52.9% when
      daily 360 mg was administered in 2 doses or 3 doses. Intravenous drip infusion of
      daily 240 to 360 mg of MCR did not present safety problems. Intravenous drip
      infusion of MCR is therefore considered to be of clinical interests in urinary
      tract infections.

PMID- 6374192
TI  - [Ceftazidime: antibacterial activity and clinical efficacy in obstetrics and
      gynecology].
AB  - Ceftazidime ( CAZ ) exhibited in vitro activity greater than cefoperazone,
      cefotiam, cefmetazole and cefazolin and almost equal to cefotaxime (CTX),
      ceftizoxime (CZX) and latamoxef ( LMOX ) against E. coli and K. pneumoniae
      isolated from obstetrical or gynecological infections excluding urinary tract
      infections. This drug demonstrated less activity than other 6 cephems against B.
      fragilis. Against anaerobic Gram-positive cocci, it showed less activity than
      other cephems. CAZ was administered to 11 patients with obstetrical and
      gynecological infections. The clinical results of this drug were as follows;
      excellent in each 1 case of parametritis , wound infection and BARTHOLIN's
      abscess, good in 7 cases including 1 of puerperal fever, 2 of intrauterine
      infection and 4 of adnexitis, and poor in 1 cases of adnexitis. No side effects
      or haematobiochemical abnormalities were observed throughout this trial.

PMID- 6374194
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic studies on ceftazidime in the obstetrical and gynecological
      field].
AB  - Concentrations of ceftazidime ( CAZ ) were examined in the pelvic dead space
      exudate in 6 patients who received radical hysterectomy due to uterocervical
      cancer. Data analysis was performed by the simulation curves prepared from
      pharmacokinetics parameters using the three-compartment model. Following 1-hour
      intravenous drip infusion of 1 g of CAZ , the mean drug concentration in venous
      blood was 75.54 micrograms/ml at 1 hour after start of the infusion. The mean CAZ
      level in the pelvic dead space exudate was as high as 23.87 micrograms/ml at 2.09
      hours after start of the infusion, and the AUC was 149.11 micrograms . hr/ml. The
      above results suggest that CAZ is a useful drug clinically with good penetration
      into the pelvic dead space.

PMID- 6374193
TI  - [A double-blind comparison between cefaclor and cephalexin in the treatment of
      dental infections].
AB  - A comparative clinical study of cefaclor (CCL) with cephalexin (CEX) was carried
      out by randomized double-blind techniques in order to contemplate the clinical
      efficacy, side effects and usefulness in treatment of 243 patients with dental
      infections. In the CEX group, CEX was orally administered 4 times a day at a
      daily dosage of 1,000 mg for 3 to 5 days. In the CCL group, CCL was orally
      administered 3 times a day at a daily dosage of 750 mg for 3 to 5 days and 1
      capsule of placebo was also given every evening in order to keep the blindness of
      the administration. Evaluable cases for efficacy of athe drugs were 213
      consisting of 108 for CCL and 105 for CEX. There were no significant differences
      in background of the patients and severity of the disease between 2 treatment
      groups. Clinical effectiveness on the 3rd day was 89.7% in CCL group and 78.6% in
      CEX group, showing significant difference between 2 treatment groups. Clinical
      effectiveness on the final day of administration was 94.4% in CCL group and 92.4%
      in CEX group, showing no significant difference between 2 treatment groups. Side
      effects were found in 10.5% of 114 patients receiving CCL and in 4.5% of 112
      patients with CEX, and there was no significant difference between 2 treatment
      groups. The side effects were mostly gastrointestinal origin. According to the
      judgement by physicians in charge, no significant difference was seen in clinical
      usefulness between the 2 drugs.

PMID- 6374195
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies on ceftazidime in the field of obstetrics and
      gynecology].
AB  - Fundamental and clinical studies were performed on ceftazidime ( CAZ ), a new
      cephem antibiotic. Following a single intravenous administration of 1 g dose of
      CAZ , the transfer of CAZ to the internal genital organs was good. The transfer
      of CAZ to retroperitoneal fluid was excellent. In a clinical trial, CAZ was given
      to 6 patients with obstetrical and gynecological infections. The efficacy was
      evaluated as excellent in 3 cases and good in the other 3 cases. No adverse
      effects were observed in any of the patients treated with CAZ .

PMID- 6374196
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies of ceftazidime in the field of obstetrics and
      gynecology].
AB  - Ceftazidime ( CAZ ), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, was fundamentally and
      clinically studied. The following results were obtained. Serum and internal
      genital tissue levels of CAZ were measured following intravenous drip infusion of
      1 g for 30 minutes. Serum levels of more than 10 micrograms/ml and tissue levels
      of more than about 7 micrograms/ml were maintained after 2 hours to 2 hours and
      30 minutes, respectively. Favourable transfer of CAZ into the pelvic dead space
      exudate was observed. The exudate level attained its peak of 31.54 micrograms/ml
      on average at 2 hours and was 16.8 micrograms/ml on average even at 8 hours after
      intravenous drip infusion. A total of 6 cases comprising 1 of adnexitis, 2 of
      pyometra, 1 of endometritis and 2 of parametritis was treated with CAZ at a dose
      of 0.5 approximately 2.0 g twice daily by intravenous injection or intravenous
      drip infusion. The clinical response was excellent in 1 case, good in 4 cases and
      poor in 1 case. Abnormal laboratory findings and side effects due to the drug
      were not noted.

PMID- 6374197
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies on ceftazidime in the field of obstetrics and
      gynecology].
AB  - Fundamental and clinical studies were carried out on ceftazidime ( CAZ ), a new
      cephalosporin antibiotic, with the following results. Following each 1.0 g of
      drip infusion and bolus intravenous injection, transfer of CAZ to the internal
      genital organs was found to be good. Transfer of CAZ into exudate of the pelvic
      dead space was also good. CAZ was given to 6 cases. Clinical efficacy was good in
      5 cases and poor in 1 case. No side effects were observed in any case. The above
      results demonstrated that CAZ is a safe and effective drug.

PMID- 6374198
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies on ceftazidime].
AB  - Ceftazidime ( CAZ ) was evaluated for its pharmacokinetics and clinical effects
      in the treatment of obstetrical and gynecological infections. The following
      results were obtained: Transfer of CAZ into various parts in the uterus and the
      uterine adnexa was found to be satisfactory, and relatively high concentration of
      the drug was maintained in the pelvic dead space exudate. Infections in the
      obstetrics and gynecology: 2 approximately 4 g of CAZ was given to 12 patients
      for 4 approximately 11 days and satisfactory clinical effect was obtained in 9
      patients. There was a slight GOT elevation in 1 case but no other appreciable
      side effect or abnormal laboratory value was observed.

PMID- 6374199
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies on ceftazidime in the field of obstetrics and
      gynecology].
AB  - Ceftazidime ( CAZ ) was studied for the transfer into intrapelvic tissues and for
      the clinical efficacy in the treatment of 20 cases of obstetrical and
      gynecological infections. Transfer into the tissues--Following intravenous 1 hour
      drip infusion of 1 g, favourable transfer of CAZ into intrapelvic tissues was
      observed. The peak drug level of 50 approximately 66 micrograms/g was obtained at
      5 approximately 36 minutes after completion of the administration. Clinical
      evaluation-- CAZ was administered at a daily dose of 2 approximately 4 g in 1
      approximately 4 divided doses by intravenous drip infusion for 90 minutes. The
      subjects were patients with the following infections; pyometra (1), puerperal
      endometritis (3), parametritis (5), pelvioperitonitis (3), purulent lymphocytes
      (2), retroperitoneal abscess (1) and acute adnexitis (5). Clinical efficacy was;
      excellent in 15 cases, good in 3 cases and poor in 2 cases, with the overall
      efficacy rate of 90.0%. No notable side effects or abnormal laboratory findings
      were observed except for eruption in 1 case.

PMID- 6374200
TI  - [Basic and clinical studies on ceftazidime in the field of obstetrics and
      gynecology].
AB  - Basic and clinical studies on ceftazidime ( CAZ ) were carried out in the field
      of obstetrics and gynecology. The following results were obtained. The CAZ levels
      in the pelvic dead space exudate and serum were measured with passage of time in
      patients undergoing radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy for uterine
      cervical cancer after intravenous drip infusion of 1 g for 30 minutes. The serum
      level attained the peak of 87.0 micrograms/ml immediately after completion of the
      drip infusion and rapidly decreased thereafter. On the other hand, the pelvic
      dead space exudate level reached the peak of 27.9 micrograms/ml at 1 hour after
      completion of the drip infusion and gradually decreased thereafter, keeping
      higher levels than the serum levels. A total of 10 cases comprising 2 of
      adnexitis, 1 of pelvioperitonitis , 2 of pyometra and 5 of BARTHOLIN's abscess
      was treated with CAZ intravenous injection at a dose of 1 g twice daily for 5
      approximately 6 days. The clinical efficacy was excellent in 1 case and good in 9
      cases. Neither adverse reactions nor abnormal laboratory findings were observed
      in any of the cases.

PMID- 6374201
TI  - [Experience with ceftazidime in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].
AB  - Ceftazidime ( CAZ ), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, was studied for transference
      into tissues and clinical efficacy in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, and
      the following results were obtained: After one shot intravenous injection of CAZ
      1 g, favourable transference of CAZ into uterine tissues was observed. While the
      mean serum level at 1 hour after the administration was 50.2 micrograms/ml, the
      levels in oviduct, ovary, endometrium, myometrium, cervix uteri and portio
      vaginalis were 25.9, 31.6, 24.9, 24.5, 34.2 micrograms/g and 40.6 micrograms/g,
      respectively. The half-life of CAZ in these tissues ranged from 1.16 to 1.65
      hours while that in serum was 1.24 hours. The peak level in retroperitoneal space
      exudate (25.3 micrograms/ml) was obtained at 3 hours after one shot intravenous
      injection of CAZ 1 g. The level was still as high as 2.68 micrograms/ml even 12
      hours after the administration. Out of 4 cases of obstetric and gynecological
      infections, 3 cases were assessable, CAZ was effective in these 3 assessable
      cases. Neither adverse effects nor abnormalities in laboratory findings due to
      CAZ were observed. Based on these results, CAZ is considered to be an highly
      effective antibiotic with good transference into uterine tissues and clinical
      efficacy in obstetric and gynecological infections.

PMID- 6374202
TI  - [Basic and clinical studies on the effect of cefmetazole on infection in gyneco
      obstetrics].
AB  - Cefmetazole (CMZ) was administered to 102 infectious cases in the gynecoobstetric
      patients, and the basic and clinical studies have been performed. The main
      findings obtained in the present study are: Amont 78 cases of CMZ administration
      immediately after the initial infection (A group), 42 remarkably effective
      (53.8%), 36 effective (46.2%) cass were observed. When other drugs were not
      effective after the initial infection, CMZ was administered (B group) to 24
      cases, and 15 remarkably effective (62.5%), 9 effective (37.5%) cases were
      observed. overall effectiveness in the A and B groups was 57 remarkably effective
      (55.9%) and 45 effective (44.1%) cases, which are very excellent clinical
      effects. Among 102 cases, the pathogenic bacteria were found in 55 cases, and 29
      cases out of the 55 (52.7%) showed infections with E. coli and with other
      bacteria having mixed infections. The effect of CMZ to E. coli as judged by MIC
      was excellent, providing the excellent clinical results. E. coli and other Gram
      negative pathogenic bacteria in the B group showed resistance to ABPC, CEX, CEZ
      and CET, and after administering CMZ, all cases showed disappearance of these
      bacteria, but the increase in the resistant bacteria for CEX, CET and CEZ was
      obviously shown. Subjective and objective adverse effects and clinical laboratory
      analysis showed no abnormal effect and values due to CMZ, and it was true of the
      of the case received 140 g in total of CMZ over 35 days, 4 g/day. It may be
      conducted from the above findings that CMZ is very effective and safe antibiotic
      agent in the infections in the gynecoobsterics .

PMID- 6374203
TI  - [Bacterial endotoxin-mediated activation of Limulus amebocytes and its molecular
      mechanism].

PMID- 6374204
TI  - [Transformation of the 7-hydroxy group of bile acids by human intestinal
      anaerobes].

PMID- 6374205
TI  - [Human immunoglobulin D. III. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the
      determination of IgD].

PMID- 6374206
TI  - [Basic study on the measurement of platelet-associated IgG by immunoperoxidase
      technic].

PMID- 6374207
TI  - [Biological nature of vascular endothelial cells in cutaneous tissues. II.
      Immunoperoxidase method of UEA-I lectin].

PMID- 6374208
TI  - [Immunofluorescent study on the localization of apolipoproteins A and B in
      psoriatic skin].

PMID- 6374209
TI  - [Blister formation of bullous pemphigoid--experimental studies].

PMID- 6374210
TI  - [Case of adult T-cell leukemia--in situ characterization of lymphoid cells using
      monoclonal antibodies].

PMID- 6374211
TI  - [Ms. Elisabeth Bing and her books: "The Complete Pregnancy Exercise" and "Making
      Love During Pregnancy"].

PMID- 6374212
TI  - [Endless voyage: life of Ms. Shin Tanaka. 19. Chapter 5].

PMID- 6374213
TI  - Detection of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-positive leukemia cells
      by an immunoperoxidase staining.
AB  - Several conditions for the immunoperoxidase staining on terminal deoxynucleotidyl
      transferase (TdT) were surveyed in leukemic cells. Fixation of the slides in
      methanol containing 0.03% hydrogen peroxide for 30 min obliterated endogenous
      peroxidase completely. Pretreatment of the slides with normal goat serum
      diminished nonspecific staining effectively. Replacement of rabbit anti-TdT serum
      with non-immune rabbit IgG gave negative staining in the slides from TdT+ cases.
      The presence or the absence of TdT and % TdT+ cells determined by this method
      were in concordance with those assessed by immunofluorescence (IF) or by
      biochemical assay. Therefore, the immunoperoxidase staining provides an easy and
      dependable method to survey TdT by bright-field microscopy. The peroxidase+ small
      granules were detected in the nucleus of the blasts from TdT+ ALL cases. However,
      in two of four cases with CML in blast crisis peroxidase+ granules were
      distributed in the cytoplasm as well as in the nucleus. This finding suggests
      that blasts of some CML cases in blast crisis have phenotypic characteristics
      similar to some population of TdT+ cells in thymocytes.

PMID- 6374214
TI  - [A long road to the hospice movement--life of Mother Mary Aikenhead. (10).
      Testimony by Miss Atkinson (2): Looting and slaughter by Cromwell's army, a
      trigger to the modern hospice movement].

PMID- 6374215
TI  - [Illustrated history of nursing--towards a more attractive study of nursing
      history (7). Tatsuko Ishi, a mother to the children at an orphanage (2)].

PMID- 6374216
TI  - [A long road to the hospice movement--life of Mother Mary Aikenhead (11). The
      modern society].

PMID- 6374217
TI  - [Illustrated history of nursing: an interview with Ms. Chiyo, a former resident
      of an orphanage].

PMID- 6374218
TI  - Immunopharmacologic profiles of a thiol protease inhibitor, L-trans-dicyclohexyl
      epoxysuccinate.
AB  - Ep-1, L-trans-Dicyclohexyl epoxysuccinate, is a synthetic and specific inhibitor
      of thiol proteases. The effects of this inhibitor on some immunological
      parameters were examined in normal and immunity-impaired mice and rats. In the
      cultures of splenocytes obtained from the mice treated with Ep-1, it enhanced the
      lymphocyte blast transformation induced by both suboptimal and optimal
      concentrations of concanavalin A (Con A) and Lens culinaris (LC). The in vivo
      administration of Ep-1 caused a depression of the plaque forming cells (PFC) for
      sheep red blood cell (SRBC) and enhanced the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH)
      for bovine serum albumin (BSA) as well as mixed lymphocytes cultures (MLC).
      Furthermore, Ep-1 demonstrated a preventive effect on adjuvant arthritic rats.
      The relevance of immunological regulation and the mode of action of Ep-1 as a
      thiol protease inhibitor are discussed in these findings.

PMID- 6374219
TI  - Decreased renal excretion of uric acid following diuretic administration in rats.
AB  - In order to evaluate the cause of diuretic-induced hyperuricemia which has been
      well documented in clinical studies, clearance experiments were performed in rats
      using furosemide and trichlormethiazide . The net flux in the tubular transport
      of uric acid was reabsorptive, and the fractional excretion of uric acid
      responded sensitively to the transtubular transport inhibitors, sodium probenecid
      and pyrazinoic acid. When the hemoconcentration was induced by highly potent
      doses of test diuretics, the inulin clearance and the fractional excretion of
      uric acid clearly decreased. The contraction of body fluid produced by
      intraperitoneal administration of polyethylene glycol resulted in marked decrease
      of inulin clearance and fractional excretion of uric acid. The decrease of uric
      acid excretory capacity under the treatment with trichlormethiazide was
      completely corrected by saline loading. Moreover, no significant change was found
      in the pyrazinoic acid-suppressible fractional excretion of uric acid between the
      diuretic-treated rats and the control animals. These studies suggest that
      furosemide- and trichlormethiazide -induced changes in the renal handling of uric
      acid are mediated by the fluid volume contraction and that the decrease in
      fractional excretion of uric acid by test diuretics is the result of reabsorptive
      enhancement of uric acid.

PMID- 6374220
TI  - Insulin facilitates formation of taurine-conjugated bile acids--analysis using
      primary cultured hepatocytes.

PMID- 6374221
TI  - [Renal autotransplantation in urinary reconstructive surgery].

PMID- 6374222
TI  - [Future prospects of kidney transplantation].

PMID- 6374223
TI  - [ABH isoantigen of superficial urothelial tumor and carcinoma in situ of the
      bladder by the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex(ABC) method].

PMID- 6374224
TI  - [Computerized tomography of renal parenchymal disturbance following
      nephrolithotomy].

PMID- 6374225
TI  - Nontraumatic splenic rupture in a previously healthy adult.

PMID- 6374226
TI  - Abuse of the elderly: screening and detection.

PMID- 6374227
TI  - Prehospital care in traumatically induced hemorrhage and exsanguination.

PMID- 6374228
TI  - Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma.

PMID- 6374229
TI  - Fear in ED patients.

PMID- 6374231
TI  - Advising the traveler.

PMID- 6374230
TI  - ED assessment of the chronic mentally ill patient.

PMID- 6374232
TI  - Record recall in the emergency department.

PMID- 6374233
TI  - A clinical nurse specialist for your emergency department?

PMID- 6374234
TI  - Diving emergencies.

PMID- 6374235
TI  - Nurses' image: an act of betrayal.

PMID- 6374236
TI  - Medical coverage of the 1984 Olympic games in Los Angeles.

PMID- 6374237
TI  - Renewal of certification by examination--why?

PMID- 6374238
TI  - Plasminogen activators in human malignant melanoma.
AB  - Metastatic malignant melanomas from 16 patients, extracted with Triton X-100,
      were analyzed for plasminogen activator activity by azocaseinolysis . In 6 cases
      tumor explants were set up also in short-term organ culture, and the rate of
      plasminogen activator secretion into the culture medium was determined. Both the
      extractable activator content [8.66 +/- 7.8 "Committee on Thrombolytic Agents"
      (CTA) U/g tissue] and the activator secretion rates (0.90 +/- 1.6 CTA U/g/hr)
      were low in comparison with values for other human tumors. In addition to the
      activity, the type of plasminogen activator also was determined by
      immunoinhibition with goat antihuman urokinase antibody in the azocaseinolytic
      assay, as well as by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis followed by
      zymography on fibrin-agar, in the presence and absence of antibody. On the
      average, 77% of the activator activity was of the urokinase type in the extracts,
      and 90% in the culture fluids. Immunoperoxidase reaction for the detection of
      urokinase showed this enzyme to be localized mainly in the cell membrane of the
      melanoma cells; stromal elements showed no specific staining. These results are
      of interest in view of the findings made recently by investigators in several
      laboratories that in all but one of the melanoma cell cultures derived from
      metastatic human tumors, only the vascular type ("tissue activator") was cell
      associated or was secreted into the culture medium. The possible reasons for this
      discrepancy are discussed.

PMID- 6374239
TI  - Evaluation of role of natural killer cells in radiation-induced leukemogenesis in
      mice.
AB  - The relationship of the leukemogenic and natural killer (NK)-suppressive effects
      of fractionated doses of gamma-radiation in mice was studied. A/J mice were
      relatively resistant; CBA/J, BALB/c, and C57BL/6 were susceptible to both the NK
      suppressive and leukemogenic effects, and young (1 mo old) C57BL/6 mice were more
      susceptible than were 2- and 3-month-old C57BL/6 mice to both effects. Age
      dependent susceptibility to radiation-induced leukemogenesis also was observed in
      C57BL/6 (bg/bg) (beige) mice. No differences in incidence and latent period of
      lymphoma development were found between C57BL/6 (+/+) and beige mice. Bone marrow
      cells (BMC) from normal C57BL/6 donors reconstituted the NK reactivity of
      irradiated C57BL/6 (+/+) or beige recipients and inhibited leukemogenesis.
      Although BMC of beige donors did not reconstitute the NK reactivity of irradiated
      C57BL/6 (+/+) or beige recipients, these cells were as efficient for antileukemic
      protection as were BMC from C57BL/6 (+/+) mice. The bone marrow of irradiated
      mice contained preleukemia cells that produced leukemias when transplanted iv
      into recipients preirradiated with 400 R. Inoculation (iv) of spleen cells (SpC)
      from syngeneic nude mice plus preleukemia bone marrow cells (PBMC) were able to
      inhibit leukemia formation in the 400 R-irradiated recipients. SpC from beige
      mice, normal C57BL/6 (+/+) mice, or C57BL/6 (+/+) mice treated with anti-asialo
      GM1 serum had no influence on the development of leukemia after their
      transplantation with PBMC.

PMID- 6374240
TI  - Cardiac tumors of mice.
AB  - Of the 7 primary tumors of the mouse heart, accessed at the Registry of
      Experimental Cancers, 3 were mesenchymal cell sarcomas, 3 were
      hemangioendotheliomas, and 1 was a mesenchymoma. The mesenchymal cell sarcomas
      metastasized via the bloodstream to lungs, kidneys, and spleen. Five of the
      tumors arose in mice treated with ionizing radiation. Previously, only 3 primary
      cardiac tumors of mice have been reported. Tumors of the heart as part of
      multifocal neoplasms of a single histologic type were observed in 3 mice; 2 of
      these tumors were type B reticulum cell sarcomas, and 1 was a reticulum cell
      sarcoma not otherwise specified. Of the metastatic tumors of the heart, 12 were
      from alveologenic carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or carcinosarcoma of the
      lung, 4 were from sarcoma of the subcutaneous soft tissue, and 1 each was from a
      subcutaneous transplant of a malignant schwannoma and from an alveologenic tumor
      of the lung.

PMID- 6374241
TI  - [A study of the social status of nursing in the modern history of nursing in
      Japan. Development of the medical profession from the nursing viewpoint].

PMID- 6374242
TI  - [Nightingale revisited].

PMID- 6374243
TI  - ["Viskaldix" in the treatment of arterial hypertension].

PMID- 6374244
TI  - [Renin activity in plasma and kidneys upon sudden death of hypertension
      patients].
AB  - Activity of blood plasma renin and renal cortical tissue was studied in
      conditions of sudden cardiac death in patients with and without arterial
      hypertension and also in blood donors. The renin activity in the blood of those
      who died suddenly was 2.5 times higher than in the donors. Comparing renin
      activity in sudden cardiac death showed that in the hypertensive deceased, this
      indicator in both plasma and kidneys was lower than in normotensive patients. The
      renin activity in plasma and the kidneys of those who died suddenly was higher in
      patients with symptomatic hypertension as compared to those suffering from
      essential hypertension. Under conditions of sudden heart death, the elevated
      renin activity in hypertensive patients occurred twice less frequently as against
      normotensives. The study also disclosed age-specific changes of the renin
      activity in blood plasma and renal cortical tissue; with age it tended to decline
      both in plasma and kidneys. Similar results were also obtained for plasma renin
      activity in the donors.

PMID- 6374245
TI  - [Features of the status of the renin-angiotensin system in hypertensive women].

PMID- 6374246
TI  - [Use of sodium nitroprusside in patients with acute myocardial infarct
      complicated by left ventricular failure].
AB  - Fifty-six patients with acute myocardial infarction aggravated by left
      ventricular insufficiency were examined. A series of 39 patients received the
      intravenous instillation of sodium nitroprusside, the remaining 17 patients were
      given conventional treatment. Hemodynamic parameters and those yielded by
      precordial mapping at 35 leads were compared over time between the groups. Sodium
      nitroprusside therapy was related to significant beneficial changes in the
      hemodynamic parameters and ECG. It is concluded that sodium nitroprusside is
      highly effective in controlling left ventricular insufficiency in patients with
      acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6374247
TI  - [Role of genetic factors in ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 6374248
TI  - [Distribution of collagen types I, III, IV and V in the walls of human arteries].
AB  - Using immunofluorescence the localization of I, II, IV, V type collagen in
      different layers of the artery wall was established. The adventitia was shown to
      contain only I and III type collagen. All collagen types studied were identified
      in the media. The structural organization and quantity of different types of
      collagen were found to depend on the artery caliber. The distribution of I, III,
      IV, V type collagen in the aortal intima is described. The localization of
      athrombogenic collagen of type IV and V in the area of the endothelial basal
      membrane is highlighted. The authors revealed the presence of I and III type
      collagen in the subendothelium and the age-related increase in interstitial
      collagen levels in the intima which is important for predicting thrombosis in
      deendothelization . Employing immunoelectron microscopy, previously undescribed
      forms of I, III, IV, V type collagen organization into microgranular structures
      were ascertained.

PMID- 6374249
TI  - Response of ammonia metabolism to acute acidosis.

PMID- 6374250
TI  - Disposition of total and unbound prednisolone in renal transplant patients
      receiving anticonvulsants.
AB  - Kidney transplant patients receiving phenytoin or phenobarbital may have
      decreased graft survival. These drugs have been shown to enhance the metabolism
      of glucocorticoids. We determined the disposition of total and unbound
      prednisolone in six stable kidney transplant patients receiving prednisone for
      immunosuppression and phenytoin or phenobarbital for a seizure disorder. Six
      similar patients not on anticonvulsants served as controls. A single intravenous
      dose of prednisolone was administered, and plasma samples were analyzed for
      prednisolone using a high-performance liquid chromatographic assay. Equilibrium
      dialysis was used to determine unbound prednisolone concentrations.
      Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the half-life of prednisolone was shorter in
      the anticonvulsant group compared to the controls, based on both total (2.3 +/-
      0.4 vs. 3.4 +/- 0.2 hr (SD), P less than 0.01) and unbound (1.7 +/- 0.3 vs. 2.4
      +/- 0.2 hr, P less than 0.01) concentrations. Total drug clearance was 10.4 +/-
      2.8 liters/hr (0.171 +/- 0.087 liters/hr X kg) in the anticonvulsant group versus
      7.2 +/- 1.2 liters/hr (0.100 +/- 0.014 liters/hr X kg) in the controls (P less
      than 0.05). Unbound prednisolone clearance was 57.2 +/- 12.1 versus 46.4 +/- 8.7
      liters/hr (P greater than 0.05) and for weight-corrected estimates 0.886 +/-
      0.224 liters/hr X kg versus 0.644 +/- 0.115 liters/hr X kg (P less than 0.05) in
      the two groups, respectively. Thus, the disposition of prednisolone is altered by
      anticonvulsants in kidney transplant patients and may require dose alteration.

PMID- 6374251
TI  - Platelet-activating factor-induced loss of glomerular anionic charges.
AB  - The urinary protein excretion rate, the glomerular localization of cationic
      proteins (CP) derived from platelets and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and
      the loss of fixed anionic charges were studied in rabbits infused with synthetic
      1-0-octadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine [platelet activating
      factor (PAF), 1.5 micrograms/kg in 2 ml of saline containing 0.25% bovine serum
      albumin (BSA)]. The urinary protein excretion rate, unaffected by
      diphenhydramine, an antihistaminic agent, reached its maximum at 180 min and
      decreased 24 hr after PAF infusion. The localization of CP derived from platelets
      and PMN was investigated by immunofluorescence using specific antisera. Platelet
      derived CP were detectable in glomeruli at 15 min and, particularly, at 180 min
      after PAF infusion. Cells positive for CP derived from PMN accumulated within 15
      min in the glomerular capillaries and, later (180 min), cytoplasmic depletion and
      localization in glomerular capillary walls occurred. CP deposits were associated
      with the loss of fixed anionic charges as detected by ruthenium red and colloidal
      iron staining. Rabbits infused with 1-0-octadecyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine
      (lyso-PAF) or saline-BSA alone had none of the alterations described above. The
      development of proteinuria, the glomerular localization of platelet- and PMN
      derived CP and the concomitant loss of fixed anionic charges suggested the
      possibility that, once CP were released in the circulation from PAF-stimulated
      platelets and PMN, they bound to, and neutralized, fixed anionic charges,
      resulting in enhanced glomerular permeability.

PMID- 6374252
TI  - Plasma concentrations and transperitoneal transport of native insulin and C
      peptide in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - The insulin and C-peptide response to glucose (50 g), given intraperitoneally or
      enterally, and the elimination rate of these compounds has been studied in five
      nondiabetic patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The
      fasting C-peptide concentrations were three to ten times the normal values,
      whereas the fasting plasma insulin concentrations were within normal limits.
      After intraperitoneal glucose administration, a more marked hyperglycemia (P less
      than 0.05) and a more long lasting hyperinsulinemia (P less than 0.05) were found
      than after the enteral glucose load. The relative change in plasma C-peptide was
      slower and less pronounced in both experiments. Estimated total body clearance
      (Kt) for insulin was higher than for C-peptide (P less than 0.01), but dialysis
      clearance (Kd) for C-peptide was higher than for insulin in both experiments (P
      less than 0.01). The markedly elevated fasting C-peptide concentrations in plasma
      can be explained only partly by the absence of normal kidney function and
      suggests a continuously increased production of C-peptide during CAPD treatment.
      This was not reflected by the fasting plasma insulin concentrations. C-peptide
      measurements in plasma and dialysate during CAPD could be helpful in evaluating
      the beta-cell function in patients in need of exogenous insulin.

PMID- 6374253
TI  - The maintenance of metabolic alkalosis: factors which decrease bicarbonate
      excretion.

PMID- 6374254
TI  - Induction of insulin resistance in normal adipose tissue by uremic human serum.
AB  - An incubation of uremic human serum with normal rat adipose tissue will make the
      subsequently isolated adipocytes less responsive to insulin. To examine the
      extent of insulin resistance, we obtained sera from nondiabetic, uremic patients,
      who had not undergone dialysis therapy. The sera were then dialyzed (3500
      molecular-weight cutoff) for 18 hr against a defined culture medium to eliminate
      possible in vitro effects of altered levels of end-product metabolites,
      electrolytes, and metabolic substrates. After an incubation of epididymal fat
      tissue from normal rats, for 3 hr with the dialyzed sera (50% vol/vol), cells
      were isolated and washed. The insulin stimulation of 14C-glucose (0.2 mM)
      incorporation to 14CO2 and total lipids was significantly reduced in the
      adipocytes pretreated with sera from 19 of the 29 uremic patients. Although
      elevated in the uremic patients, the sera levels of insulin, and parathyroid and
      growth hormones were not correlated to insulin resistant activity. Furthermore,
      incubation of adipose tissue for 3 hr with insulin, glucagon, or PTH did not
      produce resistance. The uremic sera reduced glucose utilization equally at 0.2
      and 50 mM glucose, suggesting that the insulin resistance was induced
      additionally at a site distal to the glucose transport system. However, the
      concentration of insulin (22 microunits/ml) required for half-maximal stimulation
      of glucose metabolism was not altered by pretreatment with uremic serum. Also,
      neither the isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis nor the inhibition of this
      cellular event was influenced by pretreatment with uremic sera.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6374256
TI  - [Technic for closing the stump of the vermiform appendix].

PMID- 6374255
TI  - [Feeding low-birth-weight newborn infants unmodified human milk].

PMID- 6374257
TI  - [900 sessions of the Scientific Society of Kiev and the Kiev Region].

PMID- 6374258
TI  - [Annuloplication of the left atrioventricular orifice by semipurse-string suture
      in patients with rheumatic mitral insufficiency].

PMID- 6374259
TI  - [Surgery of transposition of the great vessels of the heart during the first
      years of life (review of the literature)].

PMID- 6374260
TI  - [Nikolai Nikolaevich Elanskii (on the 90th anniversary of his birth)].

PMID- 6374261
TI  - [Corneal endotheliitis. Definition and clinical classification].
AB  - Corneal endotheliitis in the narrower sense is the term applied to immune
      reactions directed against the endothelial cells themselves. Virus antigens,
      histocompatibility antigens and autoantigens in the cell membrane represent the
      target for immune attack. The most significant clinical sign of endotheliitis is
      a strict correlation between the area of endothelial damage and the area of the
      (immune) precipitates.

PMID- 6374262
TI  - [Keratoplasty in children].
AB  - The authors report on indications, surgical techniques and results obtained in 37
      children up to the age of 14 (42 eyes) on whom a total of 45 keratoplasties were
      performed. In 5 cases keratoplasties were performed on both eyes. The grafts
      remained clear in 26 eyes (58%); 8 grafts were moderately opaque and 11 (24%)
      were completely opaque. As expected, the best results were obtained in cases of
      keratoconus. The keratoplasties performed in late stages of herpetic keratitis
      with extensive corneal scarring and vascularization were a little less
      successful. Of 11 eyes thus treated, a final clear graft was achieved in 8. In
      cases with traumatic scars after severe eye injuries, the results were less
      satisfactory. The prognosis is poor in all severe dystrophic alterations of the
      cornea, and very bleak in the final stages of central abscess or ring abscess of
      the cornea. In a relatively high percentage, clear grafts contrast with poor
      postoperative visual acuity, which may be caused by a variety of complications.
      The most prominent complications were amblyopia, cataracta complicata and
      traumatica and aphakia. Thus, only 14 out of 26 eyes with clear grafts achieved a
      visual acuity in the range from 0.4 to 1.0.

PMID- 6374263
TI  - [Pindolol eye drops (Glauco-Visken) - half year's results in glaucoma therapy].
AB  - In results of studies published hitherto it has been found that Pindolol eye
      drops 1%, a nonselective beta-blocking agent with intrinsic sympathomimetic
      activity have little or no effect on the bronchopulmonary system. Therefore, a
      long-term study of the pressure-lowering and other effects of this drug seems in
      open-angle glaucoma appeared desirable. In a multicenter double-blind trial 41
      patients were treated with Pindolol eye drops 1% and 40 with Timolol eye drops
      0,5%. A comparison of the two groups showed that their effect in IOP was almost
      identical. The other parameters of the examination revealed no significant
      differences between the two groups. - Five patients in the Pindolol group had to
      discontinue the study due to allergic reactions of the lids and/or conjunctiva .

PMID- 6374264
TI  - [Principles of order in the color systems of the 17th century. (Franciscus
      Aguilonius--Athanasius Kircher--Isaac Newton)].
AB  - Since Aristotle there have been two colour order systems: The first is according
      to the subjective luminosity of colours, and the second is that which is found in
      the rainbow. Almost all the medieval concepts of colour order were based on the
      subjective luminosity of colours. At the beginning of the 17th century Franciscus
      Aguilonius still described the traditional sequence according to subjective
      luminosity: white, yellow, red, blue and black in his colour order system. -
      Athanasius Kircher demonstrated two sequences: The first was the same as
      Aguilonius 's, completed by lists of symbolic qualities attributed to the
      respective colours; The second was the sequence of the prismatic spectrum; red,
      orange, yellow, green and blue. Violet was still missing from his spectrum. For
      that reason the idea of arranging the colours in a closed circle did not occur to
      him. - Isaac Newton added violet to the prismatic spectrum. Hence he was able to
      bring the ends of the spectrum together, forming a colour circle. He completed
      the colours of his spectrum "with those purple hues which, although not present
      in the spectrum, were familiar to painters and dyers , and in this way closed up
      the colour-circle into a band returning on itself" (W. Ostwald). Thus he combined
      the perceptual concept of the colour wheel, containing pairs of complementary
      colours, with the physical concept of the prismatic spectrum.

PMID- 6374265
TI  - [Our experiences with the surgical treatment of retinal detachment in aphakia].

PMID- 6374266
TI  - [Intrascleral implant with cerclage in the surgical treatment of retinal
      detachment in the aphakic eye].

PMID- 6374267
TI  - [Intraoperative and postoperative observations on retinal detachment with
      particular reference to aphakic eyes].

PMID- 6374268
TI  - [Analysis of treatment results in retinal detachment 1976-1982].

PMID- 6374269
TI  - [Cerclage of the eyeball by the Arruga method with additional scleral buckling in
      the treatment of severe retinal detachment].

PMID- 6374270
TI  - [Treatment of patients with retinal detachment by the cerclage method].

PMID- 6374271
TI  - [Modification of scleral buckling in the treatment of retinal detachment.
      Preliminary report].

PMID- 6374272
TI  - [Use of polyester fibers in the surgical treatment of retinal detachment].

PMID- 6374273
TI  - [From the bibliographer's file (XIX). 150 and 125 years ago].

PMID- 6374275
TI  - [Modification of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis through physical activity].
AB  - Physical conditioning appears to protect against the development of vascular
      disease. Although physical training often evokes favorable alterations in
      established cardiovascular risk factors, such as plasma lipids and lipoproteins,
      the metabolic sequelae of regular exercise that mediate a reduction in the risk
      of cardiovascular disease remain incompletely understood. Studies in recent years
      have shown physical training to have beneficial effects on blood coagulation and
      fibrinolytic activity. On general the data support the concept that blood
      clotting is potentiated by exercise. Mechanisms involved are an increased release
      of thromboplastine of tissue, increased coagulation with lactate accumulation
      during exercise, increased concentrations of plasma proteins owing to
      hemoconcentration, increased concentrations of specific clotting factors, e.g.,
      Factor VIII and fibrinogen, and an alteration in platelet count and platelet
      function. The acceleration in coagulation is less in the well-exercised
      individual. There is evidence that an epinephrine mediated mechanism is
      responsible for the difference between individuals who have a lot of exercise and
      those who do not. Fibrinolytic activity seems to increase with exercise in a
      linear relationship with the heart rate during physical activity. An enhancement
      of the plasma fibrinolytic activity, stimulated experimentally by thrombotic
      stress such as venous occlusion, could be an important mechanism in the
      beneficial effect of habitual physical exercise on the risk of cardiovascular
      disease.

PMID- 6374274
TI  - [Recurrence of the original disease in the transplanted kidney].
AB  - Recurrence of the original disease in the transplanted kidney is observed in 5.6%
      9.3% of the patients. However, the clinical significance of recurrence is often
      minor. Diagnosis is easy in diseases with specific renal lesions, e.g., in dense
      deposit disease and IgA-nephropathy, but may be difficult if such a marker is
      missing. Recurrence is of special clinical importance in the following
      conditions: Membranoproliferative GN type I (in 33%, often severe) and type II (=
      dense deposit disease, recurrence in 90%, often minor), focal segmental
      glomerulosclerosis (in 48% of patients with a rapid course (less than 3 years)
      and in 12% of patients with a longer duration of the original disease; often
      severe), membranous nephropathy (recurrence rather rare, but often serious), and
      primary hyperoxaluria (in 100%). Mesangial IgA deposits recur in half of the
      patients with IgA-nephropathy and anaphylactoid purpura, but clinical findings
      are often minimal. Recurrence in anti-GBM-nephritis and SLE is rare. The study of
      recurrence may contribute to a better understanding of many renal diseases.

PMID- 6374276
TI  - [Demonstration of circulating CEA or CEA-like antigens and immunoglobulin G
      containing immune complexes in colorectal carcinoma].
AB  - A sandwich method was developed for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen
      (CEA) and CEA-like molecules and immunoglobulin G (IgG) containing immune
      complexes (CEA-IgG-IC) in human sera. Rabbit anti-CEA ( Dako , FRG) was adsorbed
      to polypropylene tubes. CEA-like molecules and IgG containing immune complexes
      bound to the solid phase. They were detected by binding peroxidase-labelled anti
      IgG antibodies and quantified by measuring the optical density (OD) at 492 nm
      after oxidation of orthophenylene diamine. Sera of 68 controls had a mean OD 492
      of 1.19 +/- 0.26 (means +/- SD). An extinction of more than 1.97 (means + 3 SD)
      was judged as elevated. Fourteen of 69 patients after surgical treatment of
      colorectal carcinoma showed elevated OD 492 up to a value of 3.92. In five
      patients with benign diseases of colon or rectum normal values were found. In 7
      of 41 patients without recurrence or metastases CEA-IgG-IC were elevated although
      the CEA was normal, and in one case both parameters were elevated. In four of 22
      patients with tumor progression CEA-IgG-IC and CEA were elevated, whereas in two
      cases only CEA-IgG-IC were found.

PMID- 6374277
TI  - Target fasting glycaemia for pump-treated type-I diabetics.
AB  - In 17 type-I diabetic patients on continuous s.c. insulin infusion (CSII)
      therapy, potential interrelationships between fasting levels of blood glucose
      (BG), serum free insulin (free IRI), total (free and bound) insulin (total IRI)
      and insulin-binding immunoglobulin G ( IgGI ) were evaluated. There was no
      consistent relationship between the basal s.c. infused insulin dosages and the
      associated insulinaemia or glycaemia. A significant inverse correlation was found
      between the fasting levels of serum free IRI and BG (P less than 0.005). On the
      basis of this interrelationship, a target range of 90-110 mg/dl for fasting BG
      during CSII treatment is proposed.

PMID- 6374278
TI  - Clinical efficacy of low molecular weight heparin in postoperative thrombosis
      prophylaxis.
AB  - In a randomized controlled clinical trial, the efficacy and safety of two low
      molecular weight heparin ( LMWH ) fractions in the prophylaxis of deep vein
      thrombosis (DVT) were assessed. One hundred twenty-six patients undergoing major
      abdominal surgery received alternatively 2,500 APTT units b.i.d. of two LMWH
      fractions or 5,000 APTT units b.i.d. of an unfractionated sodium mucosal heparin
      ( UFH ). LMWH 2 differed from LMWH 1 by presenting a lower mean molecular weight
      and a higher anti-Xa/APTT ratio in vitro. Patients were randomly allocated to the
      three groups, and the development of DVT was studied with the 125I-fibrinogen
      uptake test ( RFUT ). The study was interrupted and the code broken prematurely
      because of otherwise unexplainable bleeding events. While no thrombosis and no
      severe bleeding were detected in the UFH group, three (7%) RFUT -positive DVT and
      two (5%) hemorrhagic complications occurred in the LMWH 1 group. No thrombosis
      and nine (22%) cases of severe bleeding were observed in the LMWH 2 group. Thus,
      the latter group differed significantly from the control group with regard to
      subjective and objective criteria for postoperative bleeding. Although these
      results do not allow general conclusions as to the value of LMWH fractions in the
      prevention of DVT, they indicate that these preparations just as ordinary heparin
      have a limited therapeutic range.

PMID- 6374279
TI  - [Circulating immune complexes before and after kidney allotransplantation].
AB  - In a prospective study circulating immune complexes (CIC) were analyzed before
      and serially after renal transplantation in 141 consecutive patients. CIC were
      measured using the Raji cell assay as originally described by Theofilopoulos and
      Dixon. The amount of CIC was expressed as microgram heat aggregated human
      immunoglobulin G (IgG) equivalent/ml serum. The upper limit of normal sera was 25
      micrograms/ml. The values are expressed as geometric means (- 1 SD/ + 1 SD). In
      86 of 133 rejection episodes a renal biopsy was performed and the histopathologic
      changes were semiquantitatively assessed and classified in a cellular or vascular
      type of rejection. Before transplantation CIC were detected in 104 of 141
      patients (73.8%) and the mean value was 65.6 (27.8-154.9) micrograms/ml. The
      level of CIC was positively correlated with the number of grafts (r: 0.43; P less
      than 0.01) and the occurrence of chronic active hepatitis (r: 0.31; P less than
      0.01). No correlation was found between CIC and the underlying kidney disease,
      the number of blood transfusions prior to transplantation, and the pre-existing
      lymphocytotoxic antibodies. Graft survival and number of rejection episodes were
      not influenced by the level of CIC prior to transplantation. After
      transplantation CIC were elevated in 60 patients (41%), appeared transiently in
      49 patients (35%) and were never detectable in 32 patients (23%). In patients
      with a graft survival less than or equal to 11 months the average and peak post
      transplant CIC levels were significantly higher than patients with a graft
      survival of 12 months: 64.4 (21.8-191.0); 87.7 (26.0-295.8) versus 39.6 (18.4
      85.3); 56.8 (21.0-150.1) micrograms/ml; P less than 0.01.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6374281
TI  - [Preventive measures against infanticide in the 19th century].

PMID- 6374280
TI  - Nifedipine: kinetics and dynamics after single oral doses.
AB  - Serum nifedipine concentrations and hemodynamic changes were evaluated in ten
      healthy volunteers after a single 40-mg oral dose of nifedipine. Peak serum
      concentrations averaged 45 micrograms/l, attained 2.7 h after dosage. The mean
      elimination half-life was 5.9 h (range: 3-12 h). Blood pressure, ventricular
      rate, and echocardiographically-determined rate of circumferential fiber
      shortening did not differ between placebo and nifedipine trials. Five additional
      subjects ingested nifedipine once in the control state and on a second occasion
      with a standard breakfast. Coingestion of food delayed the peak serum nifedipine
      concentration but did not alter the area under the serum concentration curve.
      Thus the pharmacokinetic profile of nifedipine indicates that a three- or four
      times-daily dose is, in general, appropriate in clinical practice. Completeness
      of absorption is not altered by coadministration with food. Adverse hemodynamic
      effects of single oral doses in healthy persons are not evident.

PMID- 6374282
TI  - Abnormal corneal and eyelid development in the repeated epilation mouse.
AB  - Development of the eyelids and cornea in repeated epilation (Er/Er) mice is
      characterized by fusion of the tarsal conjunctiva to the epithelia of the bulbar
      conjunctiva and cornea. We investigated the ultrastructural features of this
      malformation and tested for abnormal expression of filaggrin by
      immunofluorescence. Heterozygous (Er/+) breeding stock were mated and 13,14,15,
      and 19-day-old embryos were studied by light and electron microscopy. Fusion
      occurred in all Er/Er specimens and was associated with abnormal migration of
      surface ectodermal cells onto the cornea. Immunofluorescence studies with
      antimouse filaggrin antibody on day 13 and day 15 revealed the presence of
      filaggrin precursors in the fused epithelia of mutants, but not in normal corneal
      or conjunctival epithelia. The results suggest defective regulation of the
      synthesis of cellular proteins and altered cell surface properties in the Er/Er
      ocular epithelia.

PMID- 6374283
TI  - Role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the vascular responses of acute
      inflammation.

PMID- 6374284
TI  - Glomerular localization of preformed immune complexes prepared with anionic
      antibodies or with cationic antigens.
AB  - The glomerular basement membrane presents a highly anionic surface to
      circulation. The effects of anionic antibody and cationic antigen in preformed
      immune complexes prepared at 5-fold antigen excess were investigated in separate
      experiments in mice. Anionized antibodies (isoelectric point 4 to 6) to human
      serum albumin were prepared by acetylation and immune complexes produced in
      vitro. Blood clearance kinetics and glomerular immunofluorescence patterns of
      these immune complexes were not affected by anionization . Electron microscopy
      revealed mesangial deposits, indicating that the deposition of immune complexes
      in the mesangium occurs with highly anionic immune complexes. Cationic human
      serum albumin (AgED, isoelectric point 7.5 to 9.0) alone or as performed immune
      complexes ( AgEDAb ) showed rapid blood clearance (less than 1% remaining by 18
      hours) and localized in renal glomeruli by immunofluorescence microscopy. AgED
      injected alone was present in glomeruli at 1 minute after injection but was
      absent at 12 hours. After injection of AgEDAb , both antigen and antibodies were
      present in glomeruli from 1 minute through 72 hours by immunofluorescence
      microscopy. Electron-dense deposits were seen at the anionic sites in the lamina
      rara interna and lamina rara externa at 1 minute and 1 hour after injection of
      AgED and AgEDAb containing free AgED. After AgEDAb injection electron-dense
      deposits were evident at 12 to 48 hours in the mesangium and in the
      subendothelial area, especially adjacent to the mesangium. By 72 hours after
      AgEDAb injections mesangial deposits predominated, although small subepithelial
      deposits were also present. An inflammatory reaction was noted in the glomeruli
      after administration of AgEDAb . Thus, preformed immune complexes containing
      cationized antigen show glomerular deposition, primarily in the subendothelial
      and mesangial regions and at later time points also in the subepithelial area.

PMID- 6374285
TI  - Complement and endotoxin-induced lung injury in sheep.
AB  - Intravenous infusions of endotoxin in sheep cause lung injury characterized by
      edema due to increased microvascular permeability. Similar increases in pulmonary
      microvascular permeability are seen in septic patients with the adult respiratory
      distress syndrome. Since endotoxin-induced lung injury may be mediated by
      interactions between products of complement activation and polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes, plasma and lung lymph from six unanesthetized sheep infused with
      Escherichia coli endotoxin (1.0 micrograms/kg over 30 min) were examined for
      complement-derived chemotactic activity. By 2-3 hr following infusion of
      endotoxin, all animals had the increased lung lymph fluid and protein flows
      characteristic of permeability edema. Preinfusion samples of plasma and lung
      lymph did not contain chemotactic activity for polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
      Following infusion of endotoxin, however, significant chemotactic activity was
      detected in plasma at 0.5-3.5 hr (P less than 0.05) and in lymph at 1.5-6.5 hr (P
      less than 0.025). The chemotactic activity was heat stable (56 degrees C for 30
      min) but was abolished by treatment with antibodies to C5. These data indicate
      that infusions of endotoxin lead to the generation in plasma, and the appearance
      in lung lymph, of C5-derived peptides with chemotactic activity for
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes. C5-derived peptides may account for the pulmonary
      microvascular leukostasis and endothelial injury that lead to increased
      permeability edema after infusions of endotoxin.

PMID- 6374286
TI  - Selective lymphoid irradiation and cyclosporin A in rat heart allografts.
AB  - Short-term peritransplant treatment utilizing 2-dose ALG and 1-dose Palladium-109
      hematoporphyrin (PD-H) for selective lymphoid irradiation (SLI) leads to donor
      specific permanent acceptance of heart allografts in the Fisher to Lewis rat
      model. The same treatment significantly prolongs survival of hearts transplanted
      to strongly histoincompatable , presensitized, and xenogeneic recipients. The
      purpose of this study was to evaluate synergistic effects of short-term, low-dose
      cyclosporin treatment and SLI in an attempt to develop a nontoxic protocol
      utilizing peritransplant treatment for immune preconditioning with minimal
      subsequent immunosuppression. Single-agent treatment alone with cyclosporin, ALG,
      or Pd-H resulted in a maximal mean graft survival time (MST) of 33 days.
      Immunosuppression with 1-dose Pd-H, 2-dose ALG, and low-dose cyclosporin (5
      mg/kg) for 14 days doubled the MST to 78 days. Use of therapeutic-dose
      cyclosporin (20 mg/kg), given for just 3 days, was also quite effective, MST of
      57 days with SLI and 43 days with ALG, but toxic; 3 of 12 recipients died of
      infection with functioning grafts. These results demonstrate that the use of low
      dose cyclosporin over a short interval, when combined with peritransplant SLI, is
      a highly effective and safe method for prolonging heart allograft survival.

PMID- 6374288
TI  - Effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on renal function in septic dogs.
AB  - The effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on renal function were
      studied in 15 chronically instrumented, unanesthetized beagles. In 9 dogs,
      bacterial peritonitis was induced by implanting in the peritoneal cavity a fibrin
      clot containing viable Escherichia coli. Six (control) dogs were subjected to
      laparotomy but were not implanted with an infected clot. Glomerular filtration
      rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) were estimated using standard
      clearance methods. All measurements were performed after resuscitation with
      Ringer's lactate to a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 6 Torr. When measured
      24 hr after laparotomy, there were no significant changes (relative to baseline)
      in GFR or ERPF in either the septic or control groups. In septic dogs, 60 min
      after the administration of either indomethacin (2 mg/kg) or ibuprofen (25
      mg/kg), GFR decreased an average of 26 +/- 11 ml/min (P = 0.043) and ERPF
      decreased an average of 100 +/- 27 ml/min (P = 0.02). In controls, administration
      of indomethacin (2 mg/kg) did not significantly affect either GFR or ERPF. These
      results suggest that renal function should be carefully monitored in clinical
      trials of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in septic patients.

PMID- 6374287
TI  - The effect of free fatty acids on insulin-mediated glucose uptake.
AB  - Free fatty acids (FFA) have been shown in vitro to inhibit insulin-mediated
      glucose uptake by muscle and have been proposed as in vivo mediators of
      peripheral insulin resistance. Twenty percent fat emulsion and heparin were
      administered to six awake healthy dogs during 3-hr insulin clamp studies. Lipid
      infusion resulted in a fivefold increase in FFA concentration over control (2371
      +/- 331 vs 439 +/- 65, P less than 0.002), but did not importantly alter glucose
      and insulin concentrations. No change was observed in glucose disposal (13.30 +/-
      1.41 vs 13.76 +/- 1.51 mg/kg . min control), hindquarter A-V glucose
      concentration difference (9 +/- 2 vs 9 +/- 1 mg/dl), or hindquarter glucose
      uptake (3.42 +/- 0.84 vs 3.71 +/- 0.65 mg/kg . min). These observations suggest
      that FFA may not be important mediators of peripheral insulin resistance in
      critically ill patients.

PMID- 6374289
TI  - Myocardial protection: heparin-induced free fatty acid elevation during
      cardiopulmonary bypass and its prevention.
AB  - Elevated serum free fatty acids (FFA) adversely affect the hypoxic or ischemic
      myocardium by impairing cardiac function, decreasing contractility, and
      increasing arrhythmogenicity . Heparin, an anticoagulant used routinely in
      cardiac surgery, elevates circulating FFA. The purpose of this study was to
      determine the magnitude of FFA elevation in cardiac surgery patients and to
      establish, in dogs, a dose-response of FFA to heparin and to test whether glucose
      insulin-potassium (GIK) solution could prevent heparin-induced rise in FFA. In 52
      patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), serial blood samples were
      obtained for FFA determination before and after heparin (300 IU/kg)
      administration. Then in seven normal dogs, heparin at a dose of 80 or 300 IU/kg
      was given. In another group of five dogs either GIK solution or NaCl were
      infused, while intravenous heparin (300 IU/Kg) injection was given. Each dog
      acted as its own control. It was found that there was a twofold increase in
      circulating serum FFA after heparin administration during cardiac surgery in
      patients, reaching the toxicity level of greater than 0.80 meq/liter. One-third
      of these patients had elevations of FFA level above the arrhythmogenic threshold
      of greater than 1.20 meq/liter. In the canine experiments low-dose heparin (80
      IU/Kg) resulted in milder elevations of FFA for a shorter duration. Dogs given
      saline and high-dose heparin (300 IU/Kg) had responses similar to those seen in
      human patients undergoing cardiac surgery, while GIK abolished the elevation of
      serum FFA in response to high-dose heparin, eventually reducing FFA to below
      preheparin levels.

PMID- 6374290
TI  - Donor-specific blood transfusions with stored and fresh blood in a rat heart
      allograft model.
AB  - Donor-specific transfusions ( DSTs ) using stored and fresh blood were
      investigated in a rat heart allograft model. Lewis rats were recipients of
      preoperative DSTs and cardiac allografts from ACI donors. Blood was stored for 0,
      1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks prior to transfusion. Allograft survival and recipient
      sensitization were recorded. In all DST groups, allograft survival was superior
      to nontransfused controls (P less than 0.05). Stored blood was equal or better
      than fresh blood, and a 2-week storage was optimal (P less than 0.05). Storage of
      2 weeks or greater resulted in decreased sensitization compared to storage for 1
      week or less (P less than 0.05). This study supports the use of stored blood to
      enhance allograft survival and reduce recipient sensitization.

PMID- 6374291
TI  - Effects of glucagon and prostacyclin in acute occlusive and postocclusive canine
      mesenteric ischemia.
AB  - Effects of glucagon and prostacyclin (PGI2) were studied in anesthetized dogs
      during sequential occlusive and postocclusive mesenteric ischemia induced by 90
      min of tourniquet stenosis of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). After 30 min
      of SMA stenosis, glucagon (1 microgram/kg/min, n = 7), PGI2 (30 ng/kg/min, n =
      7), or saline (1 ml/min, n = 3) was infused intravenously for 30 min, followed by
      30 min of continued ischemia. SMA flow and distal SMA pressure ( SMAP ) decreased
      76% with SMA stenosis (P less than 0.01). Ileal wall flow measured by
      radiolabeled microspheres decreased from 45 to 13 ml/min/100 g (P less than
      0.01); mesenteric AV O2 difference ( AVDO2 ) increased from 5.1 to 10.1 ml/dl (P
      less than 0.01); and mesenteric O2 consumption (VO2) decreased by 48% (P less
      than 0.05). Glucagon infusion caused a further decrease in ileal wall flow, to 10
      ml/min/100 g (P less than 0.05), and an increase in AVDO2 to 11 ml/dl (P less
      than 0.05), despite a 22% increase in cardiac output. PGI2 caused a similar
      decrease in ileal wall flow and an increase in AVDO2 , although these were not
      statistically significant. Saline infusion caused no change in measured
      variables. In the second phase of this study, SMA blood flow was restored by
      tourniquet release. After animals had stabilized for 30 min, a repeat 30-min drug
      infusion was studied. In this postocclusive period, persistent gut ischemia was
      indicated by a reduction in VO2 to 76% of original baseline, associated with a
      50% decrease in both CO and SMAQ . Intravenous infusion of glucagon at this time
      increased SMAQ by 195% (P less than 0.05) and resulted in a return of VO2 to its
      original baseline level. PGI2 infusion caused a 21% increase in SMAQ and a 16%
      decrease in AVDO2 (NS), but had no significant effect on VO2. Glucagon was
      effective in the management of postocclusive mesenteric ischemia but appeared to
      have a detrimental effect on ileal blood flow in severe occlusive ischemia.

PMID- 6374292
TI  - Combined application of heterologous collagen and fibrin sealant for liver
      injuries.
AB  - Hemostasis in complex liver injuries remains a problem despite improvements in
      operative techniques including debridement, suturing or packing. To evaluate
      fibrin sealant (FS), a new biodegradable hemostatic agent in combination with
      porcine collagen for sealing of liver injuries, three series of experiments were
      performed in 132 rats. In series I, 18 rats had a 10-mm in diameter and 2-mm in
      depth punch defect to the left lateral lobe. In the FS group (n = 9), bleeding
      was treated by insertion of an FS-soaked piece of collagen of equal size which
      was firmly attached to a plastic disk with wire anchor. In the control group (n =
      9), collagen alone was inserted. Fifteen minutes after the insertion the lobe was
      excised and pull-off experiments were performed with simultaneous script chart
      recording. There was a highly significant difference in the adhesion to the liver
      surface (85.6 +/- 7.1 in the FS group versus 24.8 +/- 2.6 g/cm2 in the control
      group, P less than 0.001). In series II, 42 anticoagulated rats (Coumadin, PT
      27.5% +/- 1.3) with lobectomy or liver rupture were placed in three groups (n =
      14). Group I was treated with FS, group II with FS and collagen, and group III
      with catgut sutures which served as controls. Fourteen days later 12 rats of
      group I, 13 of group II, and 7 of group III were alive yielding 85.7, 92.8, and
      50% overall survival rates, P less than 0.05 groups I and II versus group III. In
      series III, 72 non-anticoagulated rats were treated identically to series II and
      examined morphologically at 1, 7, 28, and 56 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6374293
TI  - The pulmonary effects of opiate blockade in septic shock.
AB  - Sepsis remains the most common associated factor in acute respiratory failure
      (ARF). Endogenous opiates are known to have both respiratory and cardiovascular
      depressant effects. Because there is a high level of circulating endogenous
      opiates in sepsis, the possible role of opioids in the ARF syndrome seen in
      sepsis was studied. Sixteen piglets were infused with an LD100 dose (7.5 X 10(10)
      organisms/kg) of live Escherichia coli (Type 09-41). The pigs were
      hemodynamically monitored. Serial blood samples were taken for arterial blood
      gases and lactate. Serial lung biopsies were taken for determining wet/dry lung
      weight ratios and for histology. Group I (n = 8): septic shock controls without
      naloxone; group II (n = 8): naloxone treated, given as 2 mg/kg/hr intravenous
      boluses, starting within 1 min of E. coli infusion. All animals died of septic
      shock. Survivors at 150 min in group II had a higher blood pressure than group I
      (67.7 +/- 5.33 SEM vs 39.0 +/- 9.39) and cardiac output was also greater (1.07 +/
      0.23 vs 0.25 +/- 0.25). By 210 min, group I had no survivors (0/8) while 3/8 in
      group II survived. Pulmonary vascular resistance in group II at 90 and 120 min
      (870.8 +/- 274.1 and 942.5 +/- 12.9, respectively) was lower than in group I
      (2868.3 +/- 843.6 and 4156 +/- 1067). The PO2 was markedly better in group II and
      at 90 min; controls had a PO2 70.7 +/- 13.0, while group II had a PO2 111.4 +/-
      8.4 (P less than 0.05). PCO2 levels showed a progressive rise in group I from
      39.25 +/- 1.4 to 49.4 +/- 8.57.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6374294
TI  - The early history of estriol.
AB  - The early history of estriol is reviewed with special emphasis on its isolation,
      identification, quantitation in tissues and body fluids and its unique biogenesis
      in the human feto-placental unit. The relationship to epimeric estriols and
      acidic estrogens and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties which led
      to a widespread therapeutic use of this compound are also discussed.

PMID- 6374295
TI  - Metabolism of [4-14C]testosterone and precursors by homogenates of rat testes
      after chronic LHRH-treatment.
AB  - Adult male rats were injected daily for 8 days with an LHRH agonist. Twenty-four
      hours after the last injection testes-homogenates were incubated in the presence
      of a 4-14C-labeled steroid, either progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone,
      dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione or testosterone. The activity of several
      enzymes involved in the androgen biosynthetic pathway was inferred from the
      amount of metabolites produced under these conditions. After LHRH-treatment a
      significant increase in the 17,20-lyase activity was observed without any
      significant change in the activity of 17 alpha-hydroxylase, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase/delta 5-delta 4-isomerase and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.
      The results of the experiments indicate that the decreased testosterone secretion
      observed in rats after chronic LHRH-administration is not due to an inhibition of
      the enzyme-systems studied.

PMID- 6374296
TI  - Near-total gastrectomy.
AB  - Total gastrectomy has more frequent and serious postoperative complications than
      subtotal gastrectomy. An esophago-gastric stoma with a side-to-side anastomosis
      permits a near-total gastrectomy to be undertaken with virtually the same results
      as a total gastrectomy. This procedure is used for early gastric cancers that
      have widely spreading, single or multiple lesions, or lesions near the esophago
      gastric junction, and for the cure or palliative resection of selected patients
      with advanced gastric cancer.

PMID- 6374297
TI  - Primary gastrointestinal lymphoma: a review of 21 cases.
AB  - A retrospective study of 21 patients who had suffered from gastrointestinal
      lymphoma was carried out. Gastric involvement was more common than involvement of
      the small or large intestine and carried a better prognosis. Gastrointestinal
      lymphoma generally occurs most frequently during the fourth to seventh decades of
      life. In our study, however, five lymphomas occurred in patients under 20 years
      of age. Clinical symptoms were nonspecific, and abdominal mass was found in only
      15% of the patients on clinical examination. All patients were explored, 17
      underwent resection, and 4 laparotomy and biopsy. Five-year survival was much
      better for patients who had undergone resection. Survival was inversely
      proportionate to the extent of nodal spread. Multiple lesions on the same organ
      yielded a 5-year survival of 20%, while a single lesion offered a 55% chance of 5
      year survival. Diffuse histiocytic lymphoma was the commonest type, followed by
      the poorly differentiated lymphocytic type. A longer survival rate was present in
      the lymphocytic type. However, the highest survival rate was in those patients in
      whom definite resections of the lesion were performed followed by radiation and
      chemotherapy, especially for gastric tumor.

PMID- 6374298
TI  - [Platelet aggregation and PAF-acether. Pharmacologic interference].
AB  - Platelet activation is a model for cell activation in general. Platelets are
      involved in many diseases: arterial thrombosis, atherosclerosis, possibly
      metastatic dissemination. A better knowledge of the mode of action of its
      mediators is required to control platelet activation.

PMID- 6374299
TI  - [Clinical chronopharmacokinetics].
AB  - Circadian (approximately or equal to 24 hours) and other endogenous biological
      rhythms, detectable at all levels of organisation, constitute a temporal
      structure in all species, including man. Circadian, circannual, and other
      rhythmic changes in biological susceptibility and response of organisms to a
      large variety of physical and chemical agents, including medications and foods,
      are rather common phenomena. A better understanding of periodic and thus
      predictable changes in drug effects can be attained through consideration of
      three complementary concepts: the chronopharmacokinetics of a drug (rhythmic
      changes in its pharmacokinetics), the chronesthesy (rhythmic changes in
      susceptibility of target biosystems to the drug), and the chronergy (the drug
      integrated overall effects). The chronopharmacokinetics of many drugs have been
      evaluated in man (tables I-IV) including sodium salicylate, aspirin, indomethacin
      (fig. 1), sustained-release indomethacin, paracetamol (acetaminophen),
      phenacetin, amidopyrine, theophylline sustained-release theophylline (fig. 2),
      aminophylline, sustained-release aminophylline, digitalis, propranolol,
      clorazepate, hexobarbitone (hexobarbital), diazepam, midazolam, lithium,
      phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin), nortriptyline, ethanol, erythromycine ,
      ampicillin, sulfasymazine , sulphanilamide, cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum (fig.
      3), mequitazine (fig. 4), d-xylose, ferrous sulphate, potassium chloride,
      hydrocortisone and prednisolone, among others. The roles presumably played by
      circadium rhythms in drug metabolizing liver enzymes (fig. 5), and kidney
      function are summarized, and the practical implications of
      chronopharmacokinetics, aiming both to improve in a quantitative manner the
      metabolic fate of a drug and its effectiveness, are discussed.

PMID- 6374300
TI  - Surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus in 268 preterm infants.
AB  - Over a 2 year period ending in April, 1981, 268 premature infants with birth
      weight below 1,750 gm underwent operation for a "hemodynamically significant"
      patent ductus arteriosus. Operations were performed in 13 centers participating
      in a collaborative study, which was primarily designed to evaluate the role of
      indomethacin in the management of patent ductus arteriosus. No patient died
      during the operations, which were done at a median age of 10 days. Eight infants
      (3%) died within 36 hours after operation. In only one was the death directly
      attributable to the operative procedure. Hospital mortality (23%) and
      postoperative morbidity, which included bronchopulmonary dysplasia, pneumothorax,
      and sepsis, were unrelated to birth weight, age at operation, and degree of
      preexisting pulmonary disease or preoperative treatment of the infant with
      indomethacin. Results indicate that surgical ligation is a safe and effective
      procedure for treating patent ductus arteriosus with large left-to-right shunting
      in small premature infants.

PMID- 6374301
TI  - Percutaneous balloon pump.

PMID- 6374302
TI  - An effective sleeving technique in nerve repair.
AB  - This report describes the use of a porous polymeric sleeve (Gore-tex) to direct
      nerve fiber growth after axotomy. Select nerves of the triceps surae muscles in 5
      adult cats were surgically isolated, sectioned, and crossed or self- reunited . A
      piece of Gore-tex, 15 mm in length, was compressed to 5 mm and sleeved over each
      distal nerve end. The appropriate proximal and distal ends were stitched
      together, and the Gore-tex stretched back to its original length over the suture
      junction. The effectiveness of the Gore-tex sleeve was assessed 4-15 months post
      operatively. Electrophysiological measurements of muscle force and dorsal root
      volleys revealed a complete absence of unintended reinnervation and a
      regeneration that was more substantial for motor than sensory axons. Finally,
      serial histological cross-sections were prepared for each nerve above, below and
      at the cross union. There was no evidence of nerve tissue invading the Gore-tex
      wall.

PMID- 6374303
TI  - A reliable method for immunocytochemical identification of Lucifer Yellow
      injected, peptide-containing mammalian central neurons.
AB  - An immunocytochemical procedure is described for reliably determining the hormone
      content of magnocellular neuroendocrine neurons that have been injected with
      Lucifer Yellow in slices of rat hypothalamus. The chief advantages of this
      procedure over others currently available are: (a) it permits whole mount
      observation of the tissue, and thus, of the morphology of filled cell(s) as well
      as of such phenomena as dye-coupling; (b) the reliability of tissue preparation
      and peptide determination has been optimized so that about 85% of injected cells
      are identified immunocytochemically; and (c) the final immunostained product is
      permanent, permitting bright-field examination of the injected cell. Relative
      advantages and limitations of this and other recently published methods are
      discussed.

PMID- 6374304
TI  - Use of the dental surveyor to create a removal mechanism for removable partial
      dentures.

PMID- 6374305
TI  - Fostering hope in the bone marrow transplant child.

PMID- 6374307
TI  - The role of the Lewis antigen system in renal transplantation and allograft
      rejection.
AB  - The recent literature on the technologic and clinical progress being made in
      renal transplantation has not emphasized applicable advances in blood group
      serology. Accumulated data on the Lewis blood group system, however, seem to
      implicate Lewis incompatibilities between kidney donors and recipients as
      contributing factors in allograft rejection. Lewis antigens may be capable of
      inciting both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses of a cytotoxic nature,
      and such antigens are expressed on cell surfaces of the renal parenchyma in Lewis
      positive persons. Hence, this serologically defined system could be the source of
      diminished allograft survival in recipients who are mismatched with their organ
      donors for Lewis antigens, despite compatibility within other histocompatibility
      antigen systems. This premise is still open to question, and future, controlled,
      clinical studies will be necessary to establish a definite role for the Lewis
      antigen system in renal transplant rejection.

PMID- 6374306
TI  - Bronchial challenge with formaldehyde gas: lack of bronchoconstriction in 13
      patients suspected of having formaldehyde-induced asthma.
AB  - We studied 13 selected patients with symptoms suggestive of asthma who suspected
      exposure to formaldehyde as a cause. These patients had a history of exposure to
      formaldehyde gas which either coincided with the onset of or aggravated their
      symptoms of asthma. The levels of exposure at their homes or at work ranged from
      0.1 to 1.2 parts per million (ppm) of formaldehyde gas. The patients were tested
      with bronchial challenges of 0.1-, 1-, and 3-ppm concentrations of formaldehyde
      gas and randomly interspersed room-air placebos. The formaldehyde gas or placebo
      was delivered via a Dynacalibrator . The period of exposure to formaldehyde gas
      or placebo with each challenge was 20 minutes. Pulmonary function was measured
      before and for 24 hours after each bronchial challenge. No patient had a
      significantly greater decrease in the forced expiratory volume in 1 second after
      exposure to formaldehyde than after exposure to air. In no case were we able to
      substantiate that exposure to formaldehyde gas (3 ppm or less) was indeed causing
      or aggravating the asthmatic symptoms.

PMID- 6374308
TI  - Anterior pituitary luteinizing hormone secretion during continuous perifusion in
      aging male rats.
AB  - The possibility that the gonadotrope population of the anterior pituitary
      experiences an age-related alteration in function was investigated by in vivo and
      in vitro methods in young (4- to 6-month) and old (18- to 20-month) male Sprague
      Dawley rats. Plasma concentrations of testosterone were 50% lower in the old
      rats, but resting concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) were similar in the
      two age groups. After leg-restraint and blood-withdrawal stress, plasma LH levels
      were significantly elevated in both young and old males; however, LH levels
      achieved by aged males were 39% less than those achieved by young males. During
      perifusion of anterior pituitary, release of LH (ng/ml per 10 min) was stable for
      7 h; old anterior pituitary released only 52% as much LH as young anterior
      pituitaries. The anterior pituitary LH content after perifusion was not altered
      with age. Castration 2 weeks prior to perifusion caused elevations in plasma LH
      and in LH released from anterior pituitary during perifusion that were similar in
      the two age groups. Implantation of testosterone-filled Silastic capsules 2 weeks
      prior to perifusion elevated plasma testosterone and reduced plasma LH levels in
      both age groups. The in vitro release of LH from anterior pituitaries was
      similarly reduced in both age groups. Administration of varying doses of LH
      releasing hormone (LHRH) during perifusion caused similar releases of LH above
      baseline levels in young and old rats. These in vitro results show that aged male
      rat anterior pituitaries release less LH than anterior pituitaries from young
      males. However, the magnitude of the LH response of anterior pituitaries to LHRH
      is not reduced with aging. These findings suggest that the decline in androgen
      status in old rats is not attributable to a deficit in pituitary responsiveness
      to LHRH. The effects of manipulating testosterone levels failed to implicate a
      change in anterior pituitary sensitivity to feedback as a cause for the hormonal
      status of aged male rats.

PMID- 6374309
TI  - Fibronectin: multiple interactions assigned to structural domains.
AB  - Characteristic features of fibronectin are its various molecular and biological
      interactions and a wide distribution in vivo. Structural studies of the protein
      have indicated that the functions correspond to specific interactive domains in
      the molecule and have revealed unique, internally homologous sequences in the
      primary structure. Fibronectin is easily degraded by proteinases and many of its
      biological effects are shared by the proteolytic fragments which also seem to
      have effects of their own.

PMID- 6374310
TI  - Localization of nerve growth factor-like immunoreactivity in rat nervous tissue.
AB  - The use of immunofluorescence with affinity-purified antibodies enabled
      cytological localization of nerve growth factor-like material in the rat.
      Immunoreactivity was observed along various nerve tracts of the foetal rat brain
      and spinal cord at day 15 of gestation. Longitudinal pathways in ventral and
      dorsal spinal cord, ventral lower brain stem, posterior commissure, retroflex
      fascicle and in the olfactory bulb were all positive. A weaker and more widely
      spread immunostaining was visible in many areas in the central nervous system.
      Cranial nerves were strongly immunoreactive. Neuronal perikarya in the retina and
      the olfactory mucosa as well as filae olfactoriae and the olfactory nerve all the
      way to the olfactory bulb were also positive. In sensory ganglia and peripheral
      nerves most immunoreactivity was confined to supporting tissues, probably
      including Schwann cells. In irides, the pattern of immunoreactivity was similar
      to that of the sensory and autonomic innervation. More intensively fluorescent
      material was found in regrowing nerve fibres in iris transplants. Our
      histochemical results suggest that nerve growth factor and/or a related protein
      is present in large amounts along nerve pathways in supportive tissues of the
      peripheral nervous system as well as in the central nervous system during early
      development.

PMID- 6374312
TI  - [Encephalopathy caused by beta-lactams].

PMID- 6374311
TI  - Caffeine and theophylline counteract diazepam effects in man.
AB  - A total of 237 healthy subjects were studied in four placebo-controlled double
      blind trials with parallel treatment groups. The subjects ingested a capsule
      (diazepam or placebo) and decaffeinated coffee with or without added caffeine or
      theophylline. Diazepam (10 and 20 mg) impaired dose dependently cognitive skills
      as measured by digit symbol substitution and letter cancellation, the balance of
      extraocular muscles, flicker fusion, and tapping speed. With diazepam 10 mg
      statistically significant effects were seen on digit symbols and exophoria only.
      Theophylline (10 mg/kg) increased tapping speed and heart rate, whereas other
      objective measurements were negative for the effects of theophylline or caffeine
      (250 and 500 mg) alone. Subjectively they reduced calmness, and caffeine also
      increased alertness. Caffeine 250 mg counteracted diazepam induced (10 mg)
      impairment of cognitive skills and relaxation of extraocular muscles whereas
      caffeine 500 mg counteracted the same effects of diazepam 20 mg, respectively.
      Theophylline antagonized diazepam-induced impairment in digit symbol substitution
      and tapping speed tests. Subjectively, caffeine and theophylline counteracted
      diazepam induced drowsiness and mental slowness. The results suggest, therefore,
      that the ample use of methylxanthines compensates various side-effects of
      benzodiazepines in man. It may also increase the need of sedation and thus the
      consumption of benzodiazepines.

PMID- 6374313
TI  - [Pulmonary infections in renal transplant].

PMID- 6374314
TI  - [Primary cutaneous lymphoma].

PMID- 6374315
TI  - [Pancreatitis associated with Salmonella enteritidis bacteremia].

PMID- 6374316
TI  - [Physiologic and physiopathologic implications of insulin-receptor interaction
      (I)].

PMID- 6374317
TI  - [Reiter-Fiessinger-Leroy syndrome].
AB  - A patient with Reiter- Fiessinger - Leroy disease is described. He presented all
      the symptoms: urethritis , conjunctivitis , arthritis, balanitis circinata and
      keratodermia. The antigen reward HLA-B27 lean up on the diagnostic. The treatment
      with methotrexate disappeared the clinical manifestations.

PMID- 6374318
TI  - [Early familial colloid milium].
AB  - The authors present here a case report of colloid milium beginning early in the
      childhood , with affectation of four relatives in the same generation, suggesting
      a pattern of inheritance in a recessive way.

PMID- 6374319
TI  - [Mibelli's porokeratosis and basaloid epithelioma].
AB  - A case of basal cell epithelioma associated with porokeratosis is reported. The
      existence of others publications about porokeratosis and cutaneous cancer
      confirms the malignant potential of this genodermatosis . The danger of
      radiotherapy and overexposure to sunlight in this condition is emphasized.

PMID- 6374320
TI  - [Adenoma of the nipple. Clinico-pathologic review of 16 cases].
AB  - 16 cases of adenoma of the nipple are reviewed. Such a number of cases would
      indicate this tumor is probably a more common disorder than previously
      recognized. Histogenetic theories and nosologic position are discussed.

PMID- 6374321
TI  - [Vegetative dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Urogenital manifestations and
      treatment with hydantoin].
AB  - Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa has a rare recessive polydysplastic vegetant
      variant, which was described by Nicolas et al. Two siblings are reported. The
      male was affected by urethral lesions, an exceptional finding in this disease.
      Many members in family died of renal insufficiency . A variety of therapeutics
      was indicated along ten years. Only hydantoins caused a marked involution of the
      lesions. An interesting feature was that high drug levels in the blood produced
      not only common side effects, such as macrulia , but also exacerbation of the
      dermatosis and growth of new lesions, which took on a botriomicoid aspect.

PMID- 6374322
TI  - [Kaposi's angiosarcoma developing in a patient with a renal transplant].
AB  - A patient with renal transplant developed muco-cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma. The
      tumors appeared within a mont after surgery, while receiving daily 240 mgr . of
      methylprednisone and 150 mgr . of azathioprine. She received superficial
      radiotherapy ( Cesio 137) on her cutaneous lesions and the nasal tumor was
      removed with Laser radiation CO2 obtaining a favorable a response. Possible
      etiopathogenic mechanisms are mentioned. Clinical, epidemiologic, therapeutic and
      prognosis features of these transplanted subjects are discussed. Publications of
      other similar cases are reviewed.

PMID- 6374323
TI  - [Lymphomatoid papulosis. The first case reported in Ecuador].
AB  - We present the first case of lymphomatoid papulosis described in Ecuador. The
      clinicopathologic aspects of the disease are characteristic and make this entity
      different deserving its individualization . We discuss the different factors that
      may have some influence in clinical evolution and prognosis . The case presented
      is interesting because the lesions have only appeared once. Complete healing was
      observed after twenty days, and no relapse has been noted since then.

PMID- 6374324
TI  - [Post-mortem evaluation in endemic pemphigus foliaceus and pemphigus vulgaris].
AB  - Eighteen autopsies were performed in patients with pemphigus that died during
      treatment between 1961 and 1981. Eight of these patients had endemic pemphigus
      foliaceus and ten had pemphigus vulgaris. The pemphigus vulgaris patients were
      receiving only corticosteroids while some of those with pemphigus vulgaris also
      received immunosuppressors. Side effects from the medication were a major
      contributing factor in the death of 7 of the 8 pemphigus foliaceus patients and
      in 8 of the 10 cases of pemphigus vulgaris. The causa mortis to which the
      medication contributed to was strongyloidiasis in 4 patients, disseminated
      septicemia in 3 patients, bronchial pneumonia in 3 patients, miliary tuberculosis
      in 2 patients, massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage, pulmonary infarct and
      balantidiasis with strongyloidiasis in 1 patient each. The authors stress the
      need for careful investigation of strongyloidiasis and eradication by treatment
      not only when starting but also during therapy with large doses of
      corticosteroids and cytotoxic agents.

PMID- 6374325
TI  - [Iso-Kikuchi syndrome. Congenital onychodysplasia of the index fingers].
AB  - We report an observation that fulfills the criterion that must be present for the
      diagnosis of the Iso- Kikuchi syndrome. According with the literature, this case
      is the observation number 56 and surely the first rapport in the countries of
      spanish language. Our patient presents from her birth the affection of both index
      fingers, in one of which she has micronichia and in the other polionichia .
      Nobody of her family has the syndrome. The radiographic studies shows the
      characteristic changes in the distal phalanx. There were no other associated
      malformations.

PMID- 6374326
TI  - [Behcet's syndrome. Treatment by plasmapheresis].
AB  - Two females patients suffering from Behcet syndrome were treated by manual
      plasmapheresis. A total of eight (8) sessions were performed in both patients. In
      each session, about 800 cm.3 of blood were depurated , without plasmatic
      replacement. In no case other therapeutic methods were used neither during nor
      after plasmapheresis. There was a rapid improvement of all clinical
      manifestations, which became particularly evident after the 3.rd session. Lesions
      were completely healed in both patients by the end of treatment. Laboratory data
      became normal or nearly normal, namely: fibrinogen, syderemia and plasma
      fibrinolytic activity. In the two years follow-up, patients have been well and
      free of symptoms with the exception of some episodic crisis of little oral aphtae
      of short duration.

PMID- 6374327
TI  - [Steatocystoma multiplex].
AB  - A 50 years old male patient with numerous cysts over the scalp since the age of
      48 is reported in whom the lesions appeared abruptly in two crops in a short
      period of time. Several biopsies were done showing most of them the typical
      histologic characteristics of steatocystoma multiplex. The authors remark in this
      patient the nonhereditary character of the condition, appearing late in life with
      an eruptive character and strict limitation over the scalp, features that are not
      often seen in steatocystoma multiplex. The authors pointed out that not all the
      cysts showed the typical histopathological picture of the disease. Therefore
      several biopsies must sometimes be done, before the diagnosis is established.

PMID- 6374328
TI  - [Keratoacanthoma centrifugum marginatum].
AB  - The authors describe an observation of multiple keratoacanthomas appearing within
      3 years, mainly located on the right forearm. Clear confluence and centrifugal
      extension, due to progressive appearance of surrounding lesions forming a 12 X 10
      cm. ulcerated surface characterized this case. The topical application of 5-FU
      was effective, nevertheless further surrounding lesions have made their
      appearance. The clinico-pathological features and evolution are those of
      keratoacanthoma centrifugum marginatum , a rare type of multiple and localized
      keratoacanthoma.

PMID- 6374329
TI  - [Basal cell epithelioma of the vulva in chronic endemic regional arsenic
      poisoning].
AB  - A 65 years old patient with vulvar basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous
      manifestations of chronic arsenicism is reported; by its endemic origin is
      considered as hidroarsenicism ( ERCHA = endemic regional chronic hidroarsenicism
      ). The unusual presentation of this type of cancer is resalted , and it's
      attributed to its general disease . The principal characteristics of arsenical
      skin cancer are considered.

PMID- 6374330
TI  - [Eosinophilic globules in the Spitz nevus].
AB  - We compared the incidence and morphologic appearance of eosinophilic globules in
      Spitz's nevi, malignant melanoma and compound nevi. Eosinophilic globules were
      frequently found in Spitz's nevi, specially in those with junctional or compound
      features. An statistical significant increase of eosinophilic globules was found
      in Spitz's nevi when compared with malignant melanoma. Eosinophilic globules are
      not an reliable criteria for a diagnosis of a bening lesion. The use of multiple
      histologic parameters for differential diagnosis is necessary.

PMID- 6374331
TI  - [Cutaneous manifestations of disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome.
      Apropos of 7 cases].
AB  - Seven cases of DIC with cutaneous manifestations which permitted us to make the
      diagnosis. Etiopathogenic references are cited and the dermatological literature
      pointing out especially the cutaneous lesions with their clinical
      characteristics: ecchymoses which usually evolve to necrosis, bullae, petechiae,
      hematomas, cyanosis and bleeding at injection sites, and histological: Fibrinous
      thrombosis of the vessels of the dermis, with hemorrhages, necrosis and
      dermoepidermic bullae, with slight or no inflammation . In some of these cases
      the dermatological lesions antedated the characteristic laboratory data.

PMID- 6374332
TI  - [Effect of culture conditions on the surface hydrophobic properties and adherence
      of streptococci].

PMID- 6374333
TI  - [Transfer of H2S plasmid from E. coli to Shigella].

PMID- 6374334
TI  - [Isolation and purification of proteolytic enzymes produced by Clostridium
      butyricum M55].

PMID- 6374335
TI  - [Toxic and immunotropic effect of filtrates of Candida albicans culture].

PMID- 6374336
TI  - [Evaluation of the degree of degradation of human placental immunoglobulin
      preparations].

PMID- 6374337
TI  - Muramyl peptides: immunomodulators, sleep factors, and vitamins.

PMID- 6374338
TI  - Antitumor anthracyclines: recent developments.

PMID- 6374339
TI  - Cyclosporin a: review of results in organ and bone-marrow transplantation in man.

PMID- 6374340
TI  - [The man behind the syndrome: Richard Bright. One of the great names in renal
      research--his "Reports of medical cases" are epoch-making].

PMID- 6374341
TI  - Practical versus theoretical management of autoimmune inner ear disease.
AB  - Autoimmune inner ear disease is an uncommon but distinct clinical entity. Our
      ignorance of the immune mediating pathways, need of further animal model
      experimentation, variability of laboratory test results and of patient treatment
      responses illustrate how poorly we understand this disorder. The purpose of this
      review is to compare practical vs theoretical management of autoimmune inner ear
      disease, based upon our current knowledge of the disease process and upon a
      review of clinical experience at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation. Representative
      case histories are presented. The following preliminary conclusions are
      discussed: Autoimmune inner ear disease can present as a systemic or localized
      otologic immune disorder. Hearing loss can begin at any age, with unilateral or
      bilateral sudden onset, fluctuating or progressive symptoms, with or without
      associated dizziness. The pathogenesis of autoimmune inner ear disease is
      probably multifactorial (cellular and humoral). The sensitivity and specificity
      of different laboratory tests vary greatly, but even the most sensitive tests may
      be falsely normal when symptoms are not acute or when the patient is taking
      immunosuppressant medication. The mainstay of autoimmune inner ear treatment is
      steroids: however, cytotoxic drugs are recommended when there is no response to
      steroid treatment. Apheresis is reserved for selected cases. Hearing improvement
      can be dramatic even after 2 months of profound deafness. Flare-ups of autoimmune
      ear disease are best managed by increasing steroid dosage or adding cytotoxic
      medications. Unfortunately, some patients will develop progressive hearing loss
      despite vigorous treatment.

PMID- 6374342
TI  - After early identification--what follows? A study of some aspects of deaf
      education from an otolaryngological viewpoint.
AB  - Otolaryngologists have accepted their role in the early diagnosis of the deaf and
      hard of hearing child: however, the social implications and habilitative programs
      embarked upon may often be regarded as unrelated to the practice of
      otolaryngology. The otolaryngologist is a key member of the team responsible for
      early detection and diagnosis, and he must become as involved with the available
      educational programs as are the other highly qualified competent individuals
      bringing expertise to the problem. The reason for emphasizing this area is that
      the otolaryngologist has witnessed a number of a major expansions in knowledge
      which have occurred in the past 15 years. These include: 1. Early identification
      of deafness through screening programs. 2. Early diagnosis through peripheral and
      brain stem evoked response audiometry. 3. Improvement in amplification in hearing
      aids. 4. Earlier placement in educational programs, many of which have been the
      center of controversy, particularly in the past 15 years. 5. Emphasis on
      continued research and development of programs such as the Cochlear Implant. A
      historical review of deaf education is presented together with an evaluation of
      the various claims made by the supporters of the auditory-oral vs. total
      communication techniques. No totally convincing argument for either system can be
      advanced. There is considerable doubt that the tri-stimulus, or total
      communication approach to teaching of the deaf, has any superiority over the
      auditory-oral approach. There are failures with both philosophies and the "deaf
      voice" is a stigma often associated with either system's graduates. A 13-year
      follow-up case study is presented in which the child was enrolled in an auditory
      oral program. Comments are made as the child was followed through home training
      to preschool and on to complete integration in the regular school system. The
      implications of such a study for the Otolaryngologist, particularly with regard
      to early identification in order to avoid linguistic delay, are outlined.

PMID- 6374343
TI  - Graft stabilization in tympanic membrane reconstruction.

PMID- 6374344
TI  - [The role of plasma renin activity (PRA) in hypertensive patients with chronic
      kidney insufficiency].

PMID- 6374345
TI  - [Antitumor activity of macrophages].

PMID- 6374347
TI  - The presence of free and conjugated bufotenin in normal human urine.
AB  - The N,N-dimethylated derivative of serotonin, bufotenin , is excreted into normal
      human urine as a free amine. Conjugation of bufotenin is, however, possible
      because of the phenolic hydroxyl group on the molecule. In the present study the
      urinary excretion of free and conjugated bufotenin of ten healthy, drug free
      subjects was examined. Acid as well as enzymatic hydrolysis was used to liberate
      the amine from its conjugate. Quantification was achieved by isotope dilution
      mass fragmentography. Of total urinary bufotenin a relatively constant amount,
      59.9 - 69.0%, was excreted in conjugated form. The conjugate was tentatively
      identified as a glucuronide.

PMID- 6374346
TI  - Stimulation of spontaneous and dopamine-inhibited prolactin release from anterior
      pituitary reaggregate cell cultures by angiotensin peptides.
AB  - In superfused anterior pituitary reaggregate cell cultures angiotensin II (AII)
      stimulated both spontaneous and dopamine-inhibited prolactin (PRL) release from
      subnanomolar concentrations. Angiotensin I (AI) and angiotensin III (AIII) also
      stimulated PRL release. The magnitude and rate of response to AI was equal to or
      only slightly lower than that to AII. However, the angiotensin converting enzyme
      (ACE) inhibitors captopril and teprotide (1 microM) completely abolished the PRL
      response to 0.1 nM AI and strongly reduced that to 1 nM AI. The intrinsic
      activity of AIII was lower than that of AII but could be enhanced by adding 2
      microM of the aminopeptidase inhibitor amastatin to the superfusion medium. After
      withdrawal of AIII, PRL secretion rate rapidly returned to baseline levels,
      whereas after withdrawal of AI or AII, secretion fell to a level remaining
      significantly higher than basal release. The present findings indicate that
      stimulation of PRL release by AI is weak unless it is converted into AII by ACE
      and that aminopeptidase may be important in determining the magnitude and
      termination of the PRL response. Furthermore, the active peptides induce a
      different pattern of response.

PMID- 6374348
TI  - Recent physiological and pathophysiological aspects of Parkinsonian movement
      disorders.
AB  - Deficits in the neural control of limb movements constitute a major part of
      Parkinsonian symptoms and are linked to a decay of dopaminergic
      neurotransmission. In animal models, Parkinsonian-like hypokinesia is
      consistently reproduced with large nigrostriatal dopamine depletions, while
      tremor and rigidity are less readily obtained. Lesions leading to a less than 70%
      striatal dopamine depletion are largely compensated by an increased activity of
      dopamine terminals. With more important lesions, supersensitivity of striatal non
      adenylate cyclase-linked dopamine receptors occurs. Electrophysiological studies
      in Parkinsonian patients demonstrate increased reaction times and a reduced build
      up of movement-related muscular activity underlying hypokinesia and provide
      circumstantial evidence for a central origin of tremor and rigidity. Single cell
      activity in unlesioned, behaving monkeys shows an increasingly direct
      relationship to movements when following the neural connections from mid-brain
      dopamine cells via striatum, globus pallidus, thalamus to pyramidal tract neurons
      of motor cortex. These data corroborate experimentally the concept that
      Parkinsonian hypokinesia is due to a failure of basic behavioral activating
      mechanisms.

PMID- 6374349
TI  - Direct inhibitory effect of gonadotropin releasing hormone in the uterus of rat.
AB  - Estradiol induced increase in ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and glucosamine-6
      phosphate synthase activities of rat uterus were inhibited by simultaneous
      treatment with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) or its agonists. The direct
      inhibitory effect of GnRH analogs was found to be dose dependent. It was observed
      that a higher dose of GnRH analog was needed to cause inhibition of glucosamine-6
      phosphate synthase when compared to ODC activity. The inhibitory effect of GnRH
      was not observed if its injection was delayed following estradiol treatment.
      These results show that the extra-pituitary inhibitory effects of GnRH involves
      enzymes associated with cell proliferation.

PMID- 6374350
TI  - Inhibition of insulin hyperphagia by gamma aminobutyric acid antagonists in rats.
AB  - The effects of GABA antagonists, picrotoxin and bicuculline were studied on
      hyperphagia caused by insulin in free feeding rats. It was found that peripheral
      administration of GABA antagonists inhibited this hyperphagia. These agents were
      administered in the VMH and LH through stereotaxically implanted cannulae. It was
      found that the food intake was inhibited when injected into the VMH, but not in
      the LH. These findings suggest that LH plays a relatively passive role as
      compared to VMH, where GABA appears to be an important neurotransmitter.

PMID- 6374351
TI  - Choline acetyltransferase: purification and immunohistochemical localization.

PMID- 6374352
TI  - Endogenous opiate involvement in acute and chronic stress-induced changes in
      plasma LH concentrations in the male rat.
AB  - The present study was carried out to examine the possible role of the endogenous
      opioid peptides ( EOP 's) on the pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) response to
      both acute and chronic stress and to food deprivation. Thirty minutes after acute
      (2 min.) exposure to ether, plasma LH levels were elevated compared to controls;
      morphine (MOR) treatment prior to stress prevented this response. More prolonged
      etherization (15 minutes) significantly depressed circulating LH, whereas
      naltrexone ( NALT ), a specific opiate antagonist, reversed this decline.
      Immobilization for 8 hours resulted in a significant initial increase in LH
      release, followed by a decline toward baseline levels. Naltrexone treatment
      increased the magnitude of the acute LH rise, and attenuated the subsequent
      decrease in plasma LH. The effect of chronic stress on circulating LH was also
      examined. Plasma LH levels were depressed for 3 consecutive days following
      subcutaneous gauze pad implantation, whereas 3 daily NALT injections returned LH
      to control levels. Complete food deprivation for 5 days also resulted in a
      significant decline in circulating LH. Injection of NALT 3 times daily reversed
      this decline on days 2, 3 and 4 of treatment. These results support the
      hypothesis of a mediatory role for the EOP 's in the effect of both chronic
      stress and food deprivation on LH release in the rat.

PMID- 6374353
TI  - Patient-oriented performance measures of diagnostic tests. 1. Tools for
      prospective evaluation of test order decisions.
AB  - Prospective assessment of a test for possible use in evaluation of a patient
      ideally should be based on the test's ability to affect subsequent patient
      management beneficially, in relation to both the costs of the test itself and the
      costs of misclassification of disease status. This requires specification of the
      costs and benefits of subsequent actions and the cost of the test, estimation of
      the probability of disease, knowledge of the discriminatory properties of the
      test, and formal decision analysis. Often, however, the physician has less
      complete information with which to make a test order decision. A spectrum of
      performance measures exists for characterising a diagnostic test, ranging from
      measures that are largely patient-independent to measures that are highly patient
      dependent. Two measures from the patient-dependent part of the spectrum,
      Assignment Potential and Assignment Strength, can be useful in decision making
      when formal decision analysis is not feasible. A third measure, the U-Factor, is
      the product of the other two, and is a computational tool that facilitates formal
      decision analysis.

PMID- 6374355
TI  - Nursing revisited: Palmer, Davis and Simmons.

PMID- 6374354
TI  - Kidney failure or cancer. Should immunosuppression be continued in a transplant
      patient with malignant melanoma?

PMID- 6374356
TI  - Eva Susan Waldron.

PMID- 6374357
TI  - Nursing revisited: the Massachusetts General Hospital, Base Hospital No. 6.

PMID- 6374358
TI  - Nursing revisited: oral history in nursing, Mary A. Maher.

PMID- 6374359
TI  - Bushfires in Australia--a historical perspective.

PMID- 6374360
TI  - [They defended Odessa].

PMID- 6374361
TI  - [Automated biochemical analysis based on the use of electrosorption systems].
AB  - An engineering method to separate biocomponents that is suitable for discrete and
      flow-type autoanalyzers is proposed. The principle is based on using
      electrosorption systems; it provides, to a high reproducibility, the separation
      of cells and biomacromolecules from another components of samples to be analysed
      and makes it possible to solve analytical problems which require the application
      of several currently available separation systems.

PMID- 6374362
TI  - [Unit for studying parameters in the process of bone cutting].
AB  - A set for experimental studies of heat release in the process of bone cutting by
      drills , circular saws, cutters and so on is produced and tested. With the set, a
      rotational speed of instruments may be varied over a range of I to 200 s-1 and up
      to 8330 s-1 when using dental tips.

PMID- 6374363
TI  - [Humanization and the omega point of the Jesuit scientist Teilhard de Chardin].

PMID- 6374364
TI  - A guide to norms, ratings, and lists.

PMID- 6374365
TI  - A quantitative description of selected stress regions of cancellous bone in the
      head of the femur using automatic image analysis.
AB  - This study was carried out to describe in quantitative terms histologic
      parameters from selected regions of the cancellous bone in the normal femoral
      head. Femoral heads were obtained at autopsy, and blocks from the principal
      compressive (PC) and principal tensile (PT) regions of a coronal slide were
      sampled systematically to prepare 10 microns sections for automated
      histoquantitation using a Quantimet image analyzer. For mineralized bone there
      was a significant negative regression on age in both principal stress regions,
      though the quantitative description was not definitive. The principal compressive
      values of mineralized bone were higher, with no sex difference, compared to the
      principal tensile values, which showed a sex difference. Changes in trabecular
      surface, width, and marrow spacing were shown to be more dependent on bone mass
      than on age. The surface density values were higher, without sex difference for
      the PC region compared to the PT region, which had a sex difference. There was no
      regression on age for the PC region but a significant negative regression for the
      PT region. For mean trabecular thickness, again the values were higher for the PC
      region, with negative regressions on age for both regions but no sex difference
      in either region. For spacing, the values were lower for the PC region, with a
      significant increase with age for both regions but no sex difference in either
      region. The surface density had positive linear regressions on mineralized bone
      for both PC and PT regions, though a parabolic regression, based on a model
      described, was favored.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6374366
TI  - Three-dimensional morphology of trabecular bone osteons reconstructed from serial
      sections.
AB  - The anatomy of the remodeling sites in bone is only partly reflected by random
      histologic sections. This study is aimed at reconstructing the three-dimensional
      morphology of the osteons in human trabecular bone from serial sections of
      decalcified tissue. The osteons resembled broad bands, which were made up of
      parallel lamellae, bounded on one side by the marrow surface and on the other
      side by an irregular cement plane. The mean thickness was much less (less than
      0.2) than the mean extent in the other dimensions. The plate may, therefore, be
      used as the morphologic model for stereologic studies. The plates were curved and
      irregular. One three-dimensional osteon can, therefore, give rise to a varying
      number of profiles in a single random section. The two-dimensional profiles,
      which are of unequal surface extent, are thus not appropriate sampling units for
      morphometric studies of, e.g., osteon thickness, osteoid thickness, or
      calcification rate in trabecular bone. When estimating thickness the number of
      measuring sites should be sampled proportional to the surface extent of the
      profiles.

PMID- 6374367
TI  - Metabolism of protein, amino acids, and glucose and their response to insulin in
      atria and cardiac myocytes of traumatized rats.
AB  - Soft tissue injury to one hindlimb of rats was used to test the metabolic
      response of atrial and ventricular muscle to trauma. Effects of insulin on muscle
      metabolism were also studied. In myocytes and atria from normal animals, insulin
      increased protein synthesis and decreased protein degradation. For myocytes of
      rats at one and two days after trauma, this effect of insulin on proteolysis
      could not be detected. Over the next two days, the inhibitory effect returned to
      normal. Insulin also did not increase protein synthesis on day 1, but did
      thereafter. In atria, in contrast to heart cells, the inhibitory effect of
      insulin on proteolysis was enhanced at two and three days after trauma, and its
      stimulation of protein synthesis was unaltered. Insulin increased carbohydrate
      metabolism in both myocytes and atria of normal rats and traumatized rats after 2
      days, and trauma did not alter this response. In myocytes, but not atria, trauma
      led to a faster oxidation of leucine and a significant rise in the production of
      alanine. Production of glutamine and glutamate was not affected in either tissue.
      These results show that the metabolic responses to trauma of atrial and
      ventricular muscle differ considerably.

PMID- 6374368
TI  - Insulin resistance of late pregnancy does not include the liver.
AB  - Hyperinsulinemia was required to preserve normal intravenous glucose tolerance in
      late pregnancy in the rat (18 to 21 days' gestation). To evaluate the site and
      mechanism of this insulin resistance, insulin binding and action were measured in
      hepatocytes freshly isolated from control and gravid animals. As expected,
      glucose concentrations were lower, insulin levels were higher, and hepatocyte
      size increased in the pregnant animals. Insulin binding was similar in liver
      cells from the two groups. No difference was found in sensitivity or
      responsiveness of insulin-stimulated net 14C-glucose incorporation into glycogen
      in the hepatocytes from the control and gravid rats. These results suggest that
      the well-documented, but ill-defined, insulin antagonism of late pregnancy does
      not include the liver and is a postreceptor defect, most likely residing in
      muscle tissue.

PMID- 6374369
TI  - Effects of oral and parenteral quinine on rats with ventromedial hypothalamic
      knife-cut obesity.
AB  - The addition of quinine to the food reversed the obesity in rats with
      hypothalamic hyperphagia induced by knife cuts. Similarly, the injection of
      quinine into rats with hypothalamic knife cuts reduced food intake and body
      weight but the effects were smaller than those observed when quinine was added to
      the diet. Urinary quinine excretion was similar by the oral and parenteral
      routes. The food intake of the knife-cut animals receiving quinine gradually fell
      to the same level as in the sham-operated animals receiving quinine by either
      route. The weights of retroperitoneal fat pads were related to the weights of the
      animals and were reduced in the quinine-treated groups. Plasma insulin
      concentrations were significantly higher in the knife-cut animals and were
      reduced toward control levels by quinine treatment. Gluconeogenesis, measured by
      incorporation of radioactivity from labeled bicarbonate into glucose, was
      unaffected by treatment with quinine or by knife cuts. Lipogenesis from tritiated
      water in vivo was not different between treatment groups in the liver or
      retroperitoneal fat pads. However, in vivo lipogenesis was reduced in knife-cut
      rats fed ad libitum compared with quinine-treated rats. The response of
      lipogenesis to insulin in vitro was also not different between treatment groups.
      These data suggest that a major part of the reduction in food intake in
      hyperphagic rats eating a quinine-adulterated diet is due to postingestional
      events.

PMID- 6374370
TI  - ATP and other nucleoside triphosphates inhibit the binding of insulin to its
      receptor.
AB  - ATP, in a dose-dependent manner, inhibited the binding of 125I-insulin to its
      receptor in rat liver and human placental membranes. With rat liver plasma
      membranes an effect of ATP was detected at concentrations between 1.0 and 2.5
      mmol/L, and maximal effects were seen at 10.0 mmol/L where binding was decreased
      by approximately 40%. The effect of ATP was one half-maximal within 10 minutes
      and maximal within 60 minutes. Scatchard analysis indicated that ATP was acting
      primarily to change the binding affinity of the insulin receptor. The effect of
      ATP was mimicked by CTP, GTP, and UTP, but not by ADP, 5'-AMP, 3'-AMP, 3'5'
      cyclic AMP and adenosine. The ATP analog AMP-PNP had a potency approximately 10%
      that of ATP. The effect of ATP was not significantly influenced by inhibitors of
      phosphoprotein kinases and phosphoprotein phosphatases. In human placental
      membranes, ATP had a similar effect in inhibiting 125I-insulin binding to its
      receptor. Moreover, ATP was active in inhibiting insulin binding to purified
      human placental insulin receptors at 0.01 mmol/L, a concentration 1/100 of that
      needed for inhibiting binding to intact membranes. These studies indicate,
      therefore, that ATP and other nucleoside triphosphates influence the ability of
      the insulin receptor to bind insulin.

PMID- 6374371
TI  - Detection of oxidative mutagens with a new Salmonella tester strain (TA102).

PMID- 6374372
TI  - INTERNIST-1/CADUCEUS: problems facing expert consultant programs.

PMID- 6374373
TI  - P. mirabilis RecA protein catalyses cleavage of E. coli LexA protein and the
      lambda repressor in vitro.
AB  - The cloned recA+ gene of proteus mirabilis substitutes for a defective RecA
      protein in Escherichia coli recA- mutants, and restores recombination, repair and
      phage induction functions to near normal levels. In a previous report, we
      described the purification and characterisation of the recombination activities
      of the P. mirabilis RecA protein (West et al. 1983b ). In this paper, we show
      that the purified protein catalyses the cleavage of both the Escherichia coli
      LexA protein and the bacteriophage lambda repressor in vitro. These results
      provide a direct biochemical basis for the interspecies complementation observed
      in vivo and suggest that P. mirabilis has an SOS regulatory network similar to
      that of E. coli.

PMID- 6374374
TI  - Genetic studies on the beta subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. IV.
      Structure-function correlates.
AB  - We have isolated a set of strains that synthesise 331 potential variants of E.
      coli DNA-dependent RNA polymerase making use of nonsense suppression of amber
      mutations in the beta structural gene; rpoB. Translational mapping, together with
      the effect of known amino acid substitutions, has allowed us to locate sites on
      the beta polypeptide involved in transcription termination, stringent response
      and resistance to the antibiotic rifampicin. In general, the C-terminal quarter
      appears to be less affected by such single amino acid exchanges than the rest of
      beta. These studies permit for the first time structure-function correlates for
      the beta subunit of RNA polymerase.

PMID- 6374375
TI  - Multiple effects of kanamycin on translational accuracy.
AB  - We have studied the effects of kanamycin on the accuracy of translation in vitro
      by wild-type and mutant ribosomes from Escherichia coli. Kanamycin stimulates the
      leucine missense error of poly(U) translation by wild-type, Ram, and streptomycin
      resistant ribosomes in characteristic ways; in particular, the streptomycin
      resistant ribosomes are significantly less error-prone than wild-type or Ram
      ribosomes at all concentrations of the antibiotic. Kinetic analysis of the
      effects of kanamycin on the translational accuracy of wild-type ribosomes reveals
      a different concentration dependence for the perturbation of the initial
      selectivity of streptomycin-resistant ribosomes is not affected by kanamycin; the
      drug enhances only the error of proofreading by this mutant ribosome. We suggest
      that the multiple effects of kanamycin on the errors of translation are due to
      separate effects at different ribosomal sites.

PMID- 6374376
TI  - Recombination-dependent recircularization of linearized pBR322 plasmid DNA
      following transformation of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Monomeric pBR322 DNA that had been linearized at its unique SalI site transformed
      wild-type Escherichia coli with 10(2) to 10(3) times less efficiency than CCC
      plasmid DNA. Dose-response experiments indicated that a single linear plasmid
      'molecule' was sufficient to produce a transformant. Transformation with
      linearized pBR322 DNA was reduced 10 to 40 fold in recA1 , recBC- or recF-
      backgrounds. In contrast, transformation with CCC DNA was unaffected by the rec
      status of the host. Transformation with linear pBR322 DNA was increased 3-fold in
      a DNA ligase-overproducing ( lop11 ) mutant and decreased to a similar degree by
      transient inactivation of ligase in a ligts7 mutant. A proportion (ranging from
      about 9% in the wild-type to 42% in a recBC, lop11 mutant) of the transformants
      obtained with SalI-linearized pBR322 monomeric DNA contained deleted plasmids.
      Deletion rates were generally higher in rec- strains. Dephosphorylation of the
      termini on linear DNA or the creation of blunt-ended pBR322 molecules (by end
      filling the SalI 5' protrusions or by cleavage with PvuII) decreased the
      transformation frequency whilst increasing the deletion rate. Linear pBR322
      dimeric DNA gave transformation frequencies in recA+ and recA- strains that were
      reduced only 3 to 7 fold respectively relative to frequencies obtained with
      dimeric CCC DNA. Furthermore, in contrast to transformation with linear monomeric
      DNA, deletions were not observed. We propose that the majority of transformants
      arise, not by simple intracellular reannealing and ligation of the two cohesive
      SalI-termini of a linear molecule, but by intramolecular recombination.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6374377
TI  - Methionine and glutamine transport systems in D-methionine utilising revertants
      of Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - In Salmonella typhimurium, methionine auxotrophs such as metB can use D
      methionine as a methionine source. MetP mutations prevent this growth since D
      methionine can enter only via the metP high-affinity methionine transport system.
      D-methionine utilising revertants ( Dmu +) were selected from metB23 metP760 (
      HU76 ) following nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis. The properties of two such
      revertants, HU206 and HU415 , indicated that reversion was not due to
      backmutation of the metP760 mutation. Genetic analysis indicated that each strain
      possessed two mutations, designated dmu and gln, in addition to the original
      metB23 and metP760 mutations. The dmu mutation restores ability to grow on D
      methionine, partly restores D- and L-methionine transport activity, and makes the
      cells particularly sensitive to inhibition by L-glutamine while growing on D but
      not L-methionine. The growth inhibition by L-glutamine was shown to be caused by
      competition by L-glutamine for D-methionine transport by the high-affinity
      methionine system. The gln mutation greatly reduces activity of the high-affinity
      glutamine transport system. The Dmu + strains are also partly defective in the
      glutamine low-affinity transport system, possibly because the partially-restored
      methionine high-affinity system, or a component of tis system, functions in the
      transport of glutamine by its low-affinity system.

PMID- 6374378
TI  - Effect of aspirin on mitochondrial mutagens in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - The mitochondrial mutation petite was induced in yeast cells by ethidium bromide
      (EB), Adriamycin (ADR) and 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (NQO). In the presence of
      aspirin in concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 mg/ml, the mutagenicity of EB
      and ADR was reversed but petite induction by NQO was unaffected. At these
      concentrations, aspirin also reversed mitochondrial inhibition by oligomycin, a
      non-mutagenic inhibitor of the organellar ATPase complex. Cells grown in the
      presence of aspirin alone showed a significantly higher rate of oxygen uptake
      than untreated control cultures when the drug concentration ranged from 0.05 to
      1.0 mg/ml. At concentrations of 2 mg/ml and above, aspirin inhibited
      mitochondrial respiration.

PMID- 6374379
TI  - Effect of ruv mutations on recombination and DNA repair in Escherichia coli K12.
AB  - Mutation of the ruv gene of E. coli is associated with sensitivity to radiation,
      and filamentous growth after transient inhibition of DNA synthesis. The
      filamentation of ruv strains is abolished by mutations in sfiA or sfiB that
      prevent SOS induced inhibition of cell division, but this does not restore
      resistance to UV radiation. Double mutants carrying both ruv and uvr mutations
      are considerably more sensitive to UV radiation than the single mutants, but
      there is no additive effect of ruv with recA, recF, recB, or recC mutations. ruv
      mutations have little effect on conjugal recombination in wild-type strains but
      confer recombination deficiency and extreme sensitivity to ionizing radiation in
      recBC sbcB strains. These results, together with the fact that ruv strains are
      excision proficient and mutable by UV light, are interpreted to suggest that the
      ruv + product is involved in recombinational repair of damaged DNA rather than in
      cell division as suggested by Otsuji et al. (1974).

PMID- 6374380
TI  - Synthesis of flagellin and hook subunit protein in flagellar mutants of
      Escherichia coli K12.
AB  - We have examined Escherichia coli K12 flagellar mutants affected in each of 29
      different loci for the synthesis of flagellin and hook subunit protein. Immune
      precipitation experiments were employed by treating cell extracts with antiserum
      against each protein. Flagellin was synthesized in mutants defective in genes
      flaS , flaT, flaU and flbC . The flaE and flaZ mutants produced small amounts of
      flagellin, while all the other mutants failed to produce any detectable amount of
      flagellin. Hook subunit protein was found in most mutants including those
      defective in genes flaA , flaB , flaC, flaD , flaE , flaG , flaH , flaL , flaM ,
      flaN , flaO , flaP, flaQ , flaR , flaS , flaT, flaU , flaV , flaW , flaX, flaY ,
      flaZ , flbA , flbC , flbD , and hag but not in mutants of flaK , flaI , and flbB
      . The results conform to the predictions made by our previous indirect gene
      fusion study ( Komeda 1982).

PMID- 6374381
TI  - Group A streptococcal phage T12 carries the structural gene for pyrogenic
      exotoxin type A.
AB  - The structural gene for group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (SPE) type A was
      cloned into E. coli. DNA fragments used for cloning the toxin gene were isolated
      from bacteriophage T12. Toxin, present in cell lysates of E. coli clones,
      immunoprecipitated with antisera raised against purified SPE type A and formed a
      line of identity with streptococcal-derived A toxin. The cloned toxin shared the
      following biological activities with streptococcal A toxin: Pyrogenicity;
      enhancement of host susceptibility to lethal endotoxin shock; nonspecific
      lymphocyte mitogenicity; and alteration of immunoglobulin production. The
      physical location of the toxin gene on the phage T12 genome was determined.

PMID- 6374382
TI  - Plasmid RP4 encodes two forms of a DNA primase.
AB  - The pri gene locus of the conjugative broad host range plasmid RP4 maps between
      coordinates 40.3 and 43.5 and encodes two antigenically related forms of a DNA
      primase with a molecular mass of 118 and 80 kDa (kilodalton). Genesis of these
      two products has been examined using Pri+-recombinant plasmids. As shown by
      deletion analysis, the primase polypeptides are tow separate translation products
      which arise from an in-phase overlapping gene arrangement. It is suggested that
      transcription of a set of RP4 genes including the pri gene starts at a promoter
      site within the Tra1 region. In vivo, RP4 mutant primase can apparently
      substitute for Escherichia coli primase as demonstrated by measuring suppression
      of the dnaG3 (ts) mutant.

PMID- 6374384
TI  - Group B streptococci: extracellular neuraminidase production and virulence in
      mouse.
AB  - Neuraminidase production by reference strains of various group B streptococci
      serotypes was investigated before and after serial passages in mouse. The enzyme
      production was tested in culture filtrates using bovine submaxillary mucin as
      substrate. Although passages in mouse markedly increased the virulence of all the
      strains it was not possible to demonstrate a relationship between the increased
      virulence and the enzyme production.

PMID- 6374383
TI  - Genetic mode of action of cocarcinogens and tumor promoters in yeast and mice.
AB  - In experiments with yeast, cocarcinogens were found to be comutagenic and
      antirecombinogenic , tumor promoters to be corecombinogenic and antimutagenic.
      Substances that were cocarcinogens as well as tumor promoters had an intermediary
      effect. These results were confirmed in the mammalian spot test: By in vivo
      treatment of mice with the cocarcinogen catechol and the tumor promoter limonene
      carcinogen-induced recombination due to mitotic crossing over and gene mutations
      was reduced and enhanced, respectively. Our results support the hypothesis that
      mutagenesis is the mechanism by which chemicals induce malignancy, and that
      cocarcinogens modify the process by enhancement of mutagenicity whereas tumor
      promoters effect carcinogenesis by increase of the spontaneous frequency of
      recombination. In addition, induced mitotic recombination in mammals in vivo has
      been demonstrated for the first time.

PMID- 6374385
TI  - Structural alterations to Proteus mirabilis as a result of exposure to haemolymph
      from the larvae of Galleria mellonella.
AB  - Scanning and transmission electron microscopy was used to examine Proteus
      mirabilis, strain 11-1A, for morphologic alterations following exposure to normal
      and immune cell-free haemolymph obtained from Galleria mellonella larvae. It was
      found that both normal and immune haemolymph exerted effects on the bacterial
      cells, with immune haemolymph affecting a much higher percentage of cells than
      normal haemolymph. The morphological damage observed by scanning electron
      microscopy (SEM) included abnormal shapes, blebbing of the cell wall, surface
      erosion and lysis of the cell. Transmission electron microscopy showed evidence
      of damage to the cell wall and supported the results obtained from SEM.

PMID- 6374386
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of chlamydial antigens from
      human specimens.
AB  - An assay for the determination of chlamydial antigens from human specimens is
      reported. The assay, called the rapid bead enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (RB
      ELISA) is a relatively simple, inexpensive test. The RB-ELISA for direct
      chlamydial determination can be adapted to either small or large-scale screening
      operations and could represent an additional detection method in conjunction with
      cell culture isolation techniques.

PMID- 6374388
TI  - Polysaccharide storage in different streptococci.
AB  - Calf serum, pooled human plasma, polyvinylpyrollidones (PVP) and polyethylene
      glycols (PEG) were required as medium components by many cultures of group A.S.
      pyogenes for intracellular polysaccharide accumulation. These supplements
      produced a stabilizing effect, probably at the cell surface, and were not
      associated with nutrition during intracellular iodophilic polysaccharide (IPS)
      storage. Medium stabilization and the presence of maltose or maltose yielding
      polysaccharides was found to be a property unique to the group A streptococci.
      Cariogenic streptococci and Streptococcus agalactive did not require medium
      stabilization for IPS storage although addition of PVP or PEG was stimulatory.
      Different degrees of IPS storage in group A.S. pyogenes was found to be strain
      related and probably dependent on the size and degree of branching of the storage
      polymer.

PMID- 6374387
TI  - Inhibitory effect of some transition metal ions on growth and pigment formation
      of Serratia marcescens.
AB  - The inhibitory effect of several first transition metal ions on growth and
      pigment formation on three strains of Serratia marcescens was studied by the
      method of minimal inhibitory concentration. From this study it can be concluded
      that several of the first transition metal ions, namely Cr (II), Mn (II), Fe
      (II), Co (II) and Cu (II), with the inclusion of Zn (II), have a definite
      inhibitory effect on both growth (strains 08, WF, 933) and pigment formation
      (strain 08) of Serratia marcescens. Based on their electron configuration and
      their effectiveness, these first transition metal ions can be divided into two
      groups: Cr (II), Mn (II), Fe (II) and Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II) and Zn (II).
      Several suggestions were made to explain their inhibitory actions.

PMID- 6374389
TI  - Drug resistance and conjugative R plasmids in fecal Escherichia coli strains
      isolated from healthy younger animals (chickens, piglets, calves) and children.
AB  - A total of 11,777 Escherichia coli strains were isolated from 90 chickens, 103
      piglets, 96 calves, and 104 children in 1979 in Gunma Prefecture and tested for
      drug resistance and the presence of conjugative R plasmids. The percentages of
      individuals that excreted drug-resistant strains were: chickens, 100%; piglets,
      99%; calves, 100%; and children, 64%. The frequency of isolation of drug
      resistant strains among the total isolates was: chickens, 98%; piglets, 93%;
      calves, 94%; and children, 41%. Frequency of isolation of R plasmids among the
      strains tested was: chickens, 48%; piglets, 33%; calves, 38%; and children, 10%.
      Resistance patterns of the strains isolated most frequently among the four groups
      were tetracycline (TC), sulfonamides (SA) in single resistance, TC.SA in double
      resistance, TC.streptomycin (SM).SA in triple resistance and TC.SM.SA. kanamycin
      (KM) in quadruple resistance. R plasmids were isolated frequently from animals
      (over 33%) but infrequently from children (about 10%). The high frequency of
      isolation of drug-resistant strains and R plasmids from animals was caused by the
      heavy use of chemicals in the period of growth of younger animals.

PMID- 6374390
TI  - Endogenous inhibitors of factor B.
AB  - proteins which were able to bind noncovalently with mouse factor B were found in
      cells that are nonsecretors of factor B such as mouse-established monocytic cells
      and L cells but not in peritoneal resident macrophages. These proteins were
      isolated from lysates of L cells and separated into four distinct proteins by
      preparative SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with molecular weights of 25K
      , 28K , 33K, and 35K . The individual proteins formed a complex with purified
      mouse factor B at a molecular ratio of 1: 1 and inhibited its hemolytic activity.
      Proteins 25K and 28K inhibited the hemolytic activity of an activated form of
      factor B combined with cobra venom factor as well as that of the native form.
      These inhibitors did not affect the hemolytic activity of the second component of
      complement in mouse serum. The inhibitory activity of the 25K protein was
      partially inhibited by antiserum raised against it in rabbits.

PMID- 6374391
TI  - T cell-activating monokines in guinea pigs: comparison of high and low molecular
      weight factors.
AB  - Guinea pig monokines produced by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peritoneal
      macrophages were found in high (50,000-80,000) and low (10,000-30,000) molecular
      weight (m.w.) fractions by gel filtration. Both showed enhancing activity on the
      proliferative response of guinea pig and mouse thymocytes to PHA, but the high
      m.w. (65K) monokine was much more efficient than the low m.w. (15K) monokine in
      enhancing the response of lymph node T cells to PHA, suggesting its importance in
      the activation of peripheral T cells. The 65K monokine was coeluted with BSA
      present in the culture medium by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, but was clearly
      separated from it by hydroxylapatite chromatography. The immunoadsorption
      experiment with anti-BSA-coupled gel also indicated that 65K monokine is not a
      complex of low m.w. monokine with BSA. Our series of studies showed that most
      monokine activities were always found in the 65K fraction in guinea pigs. Thus,
      in guinea pigs, the 65K component appears to constitute a major class of T cell
      activating monokines.

PMID- 6374392
TI  - Role of serum factors in the phagocytosis of weakly or heavily encapsulated
      Cryptococcus neoformans strains by guinea pig peripheral blood leukocytes.
AB  - We investigated the opsonic activity of the serum factors affecting phagocytosis
      of Cryptococcus neoformans in vitro to elucidate the role of humoral factors in
      the host defense mechanisms against cryptococcosis. Two strains of C. neoformans,
      one heavily and one weakly encapsulated, were used. Guinea pig peripheral blood
      leukocytes (PBLs) were used for phagocytosis. The viable weakly encapsulated
      cells were ingested effectively by PBLs, in the presence of guinea pig normal
      fresh serum, while the heavily encapsulated cells were not ingested. Neither
      immune serum, its IgG fraction alone, nor heated serum promoted the phagocytosis
      of either the weakly or heavily encapsulated strain. On the other hand, immune
      serum promoted adherence of PBLs to viable cells of the heavily encapsulated
      strain, forming rosettes in the presence of fresh serum. A substantial amount of
      C3b component was detected on yeast cells when weakly encapsulated cells were
      incubated with human fresh serum, or heavily encapsulated cells were incubated
      with rabbit immune serum together with human fresh serum. Serum chelation
      experiments also indicated that the factors involved in the alternative
      complement pathway are opsonins for the weakly encapsulated strain. These results
      suggest that the alternative pathway plays an important normal opsonic role for
      weakly encapsulated strains and that specific antibody plays an immune opsonic
      role for heavily encapsulated strains of C. neoformans via the classical pathway
      of complement activation.

PMID- 6374393
TI  - Significance of filter mating in integrative incompatibility test for plasmid
      classification.
AB  - For classification of plasmids in epidemiological studies, an integrative
      incompatibility test using liquid mating was developed by Sasakawa et al (Plasmid
      3: 116-127, 1980). This test was designed to compare the relative mating
      frequency of a donor carrying a test plasmid with that of recA recipients
      carrying various integrated plasmids. To improve the accuracy of this method by
      increasing transfer frequency of a test plasmid, filter mating was introduced. A
      transfer frequency 10 to 30,000 times higher than that achieved by liquid mating
      was attained by filter mating. The degree of increase varied among the
      incompatibility groups and the majority of members belonging to the same
      incompatibility group exhibited a similar degree of increase. Standard plasmids
      were classified correctly with the integrative incompatibility test using filter
      mating. Out of 26 naturally occurring plasmids of poor transferability in liquid
      mating, all of domestic animal origin, 25 were correctly classified as IncH with
      the integrative incompatibility test using filter mating. Moreover, the method is
      capable of subdividing IncH plasmids directly into IncH1 and IncH2 , because
      IncH2 , but not IncH1 , plasmids showed incompatibility with the integrated
      plasmid, R478 , of the IncH2 group.

PMID- 6374394
TI  - Diabetes in childhood: management update.

PMID- 6374395
TI  - Aspects of history. Lest we forget.

PMID- 6374396
TI  - Reintroduction of cardiac transplantation in Australia.

PMID- 6374397
TI  - Congenital Plasmodium vivax malaria.
AB  - A case of congenitally acquired Plasmodium vivax malaria in an infant of a
      Vietnamese refugee is reported. The pathogenesis and treatment of congenital
      malaria are also discussed briefly. As many Southeast-Asian refugees are now
      emigrating to Australia, physicians should be aware of this rare form of malaria.

PMID- 6374398
TI  - Australian therapeutic trial in mild hypertension.

PMID- 6374399
TI  - Role of the lemon in disseminated candidiasis of heroin abusers.
AB  - The occurrence of several small outbreaks of disseminated candidiasis among
      heroin abusers in Australia suggests that a common source for infection was
      present in each incident. Because in all outbreaks so far described lemon juice
      has been used to dissolve heroin powder before injection, we decided to examine
      the ability of lemon juice to support the growth of Candida albicans. Lemons
      which were experimentally inoculated with small numbers of C. albicans promoted
      the rapid growth of the organism at room temperature. We propose that clinical
      infection results from the intravenous injection of a large inoculum of C.
      albicans from contaminated lemon juice. This is supported by the simultaneous
      occurrence of the disease in three drug abusers. We also propose that the lemon
      was contaminated by the heroin abusers, as disseminated candidiasis occurred only
      after the lemon was used a second time after being left at room temperature for
      one week.

PMID- 6374401
TI  - Phenylpropanolamine for weight reduction.

PMID- 6374400
TI  - Two veteran nurses of World War I days (Sister Mary MacDonald, Sister Mary
      Vianney).

PMID- 6374402
TI  - Lithium treatment in adults with acute myeloid leukemia receiving chemotherapy.
AB  - To determine whether lithium can shorten chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, 35
      adult patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia undergoing initial
      chemotherapy were randomized either to receive oral lithium started at the time
      of biopsy-proven hypoplasia or to receive no lithium. This study failed to show
      statistically significant shortening of the duration of chemotherapy-induced
      neutropenia in the lithium treatment group.

PMID- 6374403
TI  - Impact of the timing of triple intrathecal therapy on remission induction in
      childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a Pediatric Oncology Group study.
AB  - Five weekly doses of triple intrathecal (IT) chemotherapy (methotrexate,
      hydrocortisone, cytosine arabinoside) starting on day 1 of treatment were added
      to systemic induction therapy in a regimen (Arm 3) that was compared to three
      other regimens (Arms 1, 2, and 4) in which central nervous system (CNS)
      prophylaxis was initiated after complete marrow remission (CR) was attained. The
      CR rate for Arm 3 was only 83% as compared to 91-92% for other Arms. The lower CR
      rate was the result of a significantly higher death rate during induction for
      patients receiving early CNS prophylaxis (10.6 vs 0.9-3.5%). These differences
      were only observed in high risk patients as defined in the study. The early death
      rate was especially high (30%) in Arm 3 for children who were less than 2 years
      of age. Infection was the primary cause of morbidity and mortality. Severe
      infection following the initiation of induction therapy was found in 16.7% of
      patients on Arm 3 vs 1.8-6% on other regimens. Immediate triple IT
      chemoprophylaxis during induction therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia as used
      in this study appears to be associated with increased susceptibility to infection
      and this form of CNS prophylaxis has increased hazards of morbidity and mortality
      in infants and other high risk patients.

PMID- 6374405
TI  - [The most important scientific and practical problems of tick-borne borreliosis].

PMID- 6374404
TI  - [Development of the ideas of Academician E. N. Pavlovskii in central European
      countries].

PMID- 6374406
TI  - [Current problems of the study and prevention of leishmaniasis].

PMID- 6374407
TI  - [Academician Evgenii Nikanorovich Pavlovskii (on the centenary of his birth)].

PMID- 6374408
TI  - [Toxoplasmosis: facts and conjectures. I. The biology and life cycle of the
      causative agent].

PMID- 6374409
TI  - [Natural foci of infections--the basic terms and concepts].

PMID- 6374410
TI  - [New natural-focus viral diseases of man in the USSR (a review of the
      literature)].

PMID- 6374411
TI  - Blood flow measurement using digital angiography and parametric imaging.
AB  - A method of blood flow measurement is described that determines flow through a
      particular artery in absolute units or as a fraction of the cardiac output. For
      measuring flow as a percentage of cardiac output, no assumption about the
      vessel's cross-sectional shape is necessary. If one assumes that the vessel's
      cross section is circular, then absolute flow determination is possible. All
      methods would require only a single intravenous injection of contrast material.
      Details of the theory of these methods are presented and alternative data
      analysis options are developed and discussed.

PMID- 6374412
TI  - Solomon Papper: clinical investigator, physician and educator.

PMID- 6374413
TI  - Relationship between plasma arginine vasopressin and renal water handling in
      decompensated cirrhosis.
AB  - Although an impairment in renal water excretion is a commonly encountered
      clinical problem in cirrhotic patients, the mechanisms responsible for this
      abnormality are uncertain. ADH levels are elevated in some patients with
      decompensated cirrhosis, but a causal relationship between these levels and
      impaired water excretion has not been established. Since in normal man, water
      immersion to the neck (NI) results in a preferential central hypervolemia (CV),
      without plasma compositional change, and a resultant suppression of AVP, we
      designed the present study to determine if the diuretic response of cirrhotic
      patients to NI is mediated by a decrease in AVP. 17 cirrhotic patients with
      ascites were studied following 14 h of dehydration on two occasions: during a
      seated control study (C) and during 4 h of NI. AVP, determined by RIA, was
      measured every 30 min. 12 of the 17 patients manifested a diuresis that equalled
      or exceeded that documented in normal hydropenic subjects during immersion. NI
      did not alter mean AVP as compared with either the pre-study hour or those of the
      corresponding control study. Furthermore, peak V and CH2O varied independently of
      prestudy AVP (r = -0.116), mean change in AVP (r = -0.060), as well as nadir AVP
      levels (r = -0.122). The demonstration of a diuresis in some of the subjects,
      occurring without concomitant suppression of plasma AVP, suggests that ADH may
      constitute a permissive rather than pivotal factor in the impaired water
      excretion of many patients with advanced liver disease.

PMID- 6374414
TI  - [Controlled clinical study on the activity of a new mucoregulating drug in
      obstructive bronchial pathology with a marked hypersecretory feature. The
      pediatric experience].

PMID- 6374415
TI  - [Symptomatic therapy of vomiting in children. Clinical study of a new preparation
      with anti-emetic activity (Clebopride)].

PMID- 6374416
TI  - Samuel Thomson and Thomsonian medicine. The near-destruction of American
      medicine.

PMID- 6374417
TI  - Thorn-induced tenosynovitis of the hand. Case report.

PMID- 6374418
TI  - [Fine needle aspiration of neck tumor. Application of cytological,
      bacteriological and hormonal examinations].
AB  - Aspiration of neck tumors with a fine needle combined with cytological,
      bacteriological and hormonal examinations greatly improved the accuracy of the
      differential diagnosis of the neck tumors. Fine needle aspiration cytology in 45
      patients with thyroid tumor gave only 4% (1/25) false negative diagnosis and 0%
      (0/20) false positive diagnosis for carcinoma, whereas false negative and false
      positive diagnosis by palpation were 34% and 4%, respectively and those by soft
      tissue roentgenogram were 55% and 0%, respectively. Differential diagnosis of
      histological types of thyroid carcinoma was possible by cytology. Fine needle
      aspiration of cervical lymph nodes gave the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma,
      metastatic squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma or inflammatory changes.
      Bacterial culture from the aspirate yielded causative microorganism in 5 patients
      including 4 with tuberculosis. The specimens aspirated from thyroglossal duct
      cysts or branchial cysts showed specific appearance and cytological feature. The
      aspirate from a parathyroid cyst was watery clear and contained high amount of
      parathyroid hormone. Dark brown serous aspirate from extrathyroidal mass
      suggested metastatic lesion from occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid in 2
      patients. Demonstration of very high content of thyroglobulin of the aspirate
      determined by radioimmunoassay supported the diagnosis, which was confirmed later
      at surgery. This method has become a routine work in our out-patient clinic.

PMID- 6374419
TI  - [Ultrastructural study of lysosomes in rat pancreas in endotoxin shock--with
      reference to electron histochemical characterization].
AB  - The ultrastructural alteration of Langerhans' islet cells as well as acinar
      structure in endotoxin shock was investigated in virtue of the electron
      histochemical procedures. One hour after administration of endotoxin, swelling
      and loss of cristae of the mitochondria, dilatation of the cisterna of the rough
      endoplasmic reticulum and swelling of the secretory granules in the B cell of
      Langerhans' islet cell were observed. On the contrary, the teleinsular acinar
      cells disclosed relatively intact ultrastructure, while the periinsular acinar
      cells showed in rather remarkable changes, such as the swollen mitochondria and
      obliteration of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Four hours after administration
      of endotoxin, increase of the autophagic vacuoles in the cytoplasm of the acinar
      cells and in B cells of the Langerhans' islet cells were observed. Electron
      histochemical study disclosed the increase of rather small primary lysosomes in B
      cells of the Langerhans' islet cells, comparing to those of the acinar cells in
      normal condition. However, one hour after administration of endotoxin, acid
      phosphatase activity was activated and dispersed reactive substances were
      discernible in the cytoplasm of the B cells as well as intercellular and
      perivascular spaces.

PMID- 6374421
TI  - A practical approach to diagnosis of swine diseases.
AB  - Blood samples from the vena cava or jugular vein should be chilled but not
      frozen, and serum chilled or frozen. Tissue specimens for bacteriologic or
      virologic examination should be chilled in individual plastic bags and frozen if
      not submitted immediately. Live pigs should be submitted for TGE studies. Tissue
      specimens for histologic examination should be placed in formalin and not frozen.
      Aborted fetuses and fetal membranes are more useful if fresh. In baby pigs, the
      rectal temperature and WBC counts are not reliable indicators of health; the
      liver may be yellow and the kidneys petechiated in normal baby pigs.

PMID- 6374420
TI  - [Evaluation of the lipid and glucose metabolism on the apancreatic status with
      insulin supplement and with pancreatic autotransplantation].
AB  - To evaluate the effect of pancreatic fragments transplantation on glucose and
      lipid metabolism in the apancreatic status, 22 healthy mongrel dogs were totally
      pancreatectomized and then divided into three groups, (1) 5 dogs without any
      supplement , (2) 5 dogs with insulin replacement, and (3) 12 dogs with additional
      pancreatic fragments transplantation. In these three groups, changes in fasting
      plasma sugar, triglyceride, total cholesterol, phospholipid and lipoprotein
      fractions were studied. Stability of serum glucose levels were compared between
      the dogs with insulin replacement and those with transplantation by using glucose
      infusion and insulin test. Without insulin replacement or transplantation,
      apancreatic dogs showed high serum glucose levels immediately after total
      pancreatectomy. With pancreatic transplantation, serum glucose levels and lipids
      were well controlled within normal limits for a long time period after the
      operation. However, in the dogs with insulin replacement, serum glucose levels
      and lipids were remarkably unstable in fasting period and also showed easily
      tendencies to become hypoglycemic status by insulin test and diabetic
      ketoacidosis by glucose infusion test as compared with those in the transplanted
      dogs.

PMID- 6374422
TI  - Prevention of colibacillosis in neonatal swine with a 4-pilus E coli bacterin.
AB  - Of 12 pregnant swine (vaccinates) given a 4-pilus enterotoxigenic E coli (ETEC)
      bacterin (K88, K99, 987P, F41), all developed comparable or significantly higher
      serum and colostral antibody levels than those of 8 pregnant swine (controls)
      given a 3-pilus ETEC bacterin (K88, K99, 987P). When piglets were challenged with
      an ETEC strain bearing the F41 antigen, those from vaccinates had significantly
      lower mortality, less scours, less severe clinical signs and better weight gain
      than those from controls.

PMID- 6374423
TI  - The conquest of tuberculosis. A contribution of American veterinary medicine to
      human welfare.

PMID- 6374424
TI  - Treatment of calf scours with colostrum.
AB  - The calf of a cow vaccinated with an E coli strain 1751 bacterin developed scours
      14 hours after oral challenge with E coli strain B44. The calf became almost
      moribund but fully recovered in several days after repeated oral administration
      of the dam's colostrum.

PMID- 6374425
TI  - Decreased hepatic 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity in mice
      after chronic phenytoin treatment.
AB  - The effects of phenytoin (DPH) on folate metabolism have been studied in female
      Swiss Webster mice. Doses of DPH which produce steady-state plasma levels of DPH
      in the therapeutic range of 10-20 micrograms/ml were found to decrease plasma
      folate levels. In addition, the in vivo oxidation rate of [14C] formate and [2
      14C] histidine to 14CO2 was increased. The increased metabolic rates were
      accompanied by a decrease in the hepatic activity of N5, N10
      methylenetetrahydrofolate (5, 10-CH2-H4folate) reductase. N5
      methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine transmethylase (methionine synthase); EC
      2.1.1.13) activity in the liver was unchanged. The distribution of folates in the
      liver was determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and it was
      found that the concentration of tetrahydrofolate (H4folate) was increased in DPH
      treated mice whereas the concentration of N5-methyltetrahydrofolate was
      decreased. These effects were observed in mice treated with DPH for 4 days, but
      not in mice given a single DPH injection 24 hr previously. Decreased activity of
      hepatic 5, 10-CH2-H4folate reductase is postulated to account for the other
      effects which were observed. Decreased activity presumably results in increased
      tissue concentrations of 5, 10-CH2-H4folate, which is in equilibrium with its
      dissociation products, H4folate and formaldehyde. Increased concentrations of
      H4folate lead to increases in the oxidation rate of formate and histidine. These
      effects on folate metabolism may have important implications in the
      pharmacological and toxicological effects of DPH.

PMID- 6374427
TI  - Regulation of galactokinase (GAL1) enzyme accumulation in Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae.
AB  - The regulation of GAL1 RNA and enzyme synthesis has been investigated in
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have shown that the induction of GAL10 and GAL1 RNAs
      is coordinate. GAL1 RNA transcripts appear within 4.5 to 6 min and galactokinase
      synthesis within 6 to 9 min. Steady-state RNA levels were reached within 50 min
      and the steady-state rate of galactokinase enzyme synthesis within 40-50 min.
      From these kinetic studies, the initial induction of GAL1 enzyme activity is
      apparently under transcriptional control. In addition, during early induction,
      two galactokinase enzyme activities were detected; a major stable form and a
      minor unstable form.

PMID- 6374428
TI  - 5-Methylcytosine is not detectable in Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA.
AB  - We examined the DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by both HpaII-MspI restriction
      enzyme digestion and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis for the
      possible presence of 5-methylcytosine. Both of these methods failed to detect
      cytosine methylation within this yeast DNA; i.e., there is less than 1 5
      methylcytosine per 3,100 to 6,000 cytosine residues.

PMID- 6374429
TI  - Mitogenic proteinases from human leukocytes.
AB  - Serine proteinase activity has been identified in purified human lymphocyte
      membranes, and the corresponding enzymes have been isolated from human leukocyte
      extracts by affinity chromatography. The localization of these enzymes on
      lymphocyte and granulocyte membranes has been immunochemically demonstrated.
      Mitogenic activity towards human lymphocytes has been demonstrated for these
      enzymes, and anti proteinase antibodies inhibit the growth of transformed
      lymphocytes. The proteinases are similar in many properties to enzymes previously
      isolated from human leukocytes, and reported to be involved in a wide variety of
      leukocyte functions.

PMID- 6374430
TI  - [Renal anemia. Its diagnosis, pathogenesis, compensation and therapy in
      childhood].
AB  - Based on extensive own investigations of a great number of pediatric patients
      with chronic renal failure at the University Children's Hospital of Heidelberg,
      renal anemia is reviewed. After the demonstration of its clinical importance, its
      intensity depending on the mode of treatment (conservative therapy, regular
      dialysis, renal transplantation), and its diagnostic characteristics, an analysis
      of the three most important pathomechanisms is given: bone marrow hypoplasia,
      increased hemolysis and chronic blood loss. These pathomechanisms influence each
      other, are the result of multifactorially acting uremic toxins and can
      additionally be potentiated by iron-, folate-, and vitamin B12-deficiency. The
      hematologic mechanisms to compensate renal anemia are insufficient: first the
      indirect way, because the increase in erythrocyte organic phosphates is
      insufficient and the shift of the hemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve to the
      right is inadequate, second the direct way because erythropoietin is secreted
      inadequately. After description of the diagnostic paramenters for long-term care
      of renal anemia therapeutic recommendations are given with respect to each stage
      of treatment.

PMID- 6374426
TI  - Molecular lesions in cancer.
AB  - Newer methods of identifying biochemical events associated with cancer include
      recombinant DNA technology, monoclonal antibodies and improved analysis of
      nuclear and other cell functions to determine specific events which occur
      commonly in cancer cells. 'Onc-gene' products offer potential opportunities for
      new approaches to cancer treatment and the hope of inducing differentiation of
      cancer cells toward their normal counterparts. Studies on antigens which react
      with monoclonal antibodies offer the opportunity for 'epitope attack' which may
      be effected by improved drugs or by design of totally new drugs to bind to
      specific reactive sites. The complexity and pleiomorphism of cancer do not permit
      predictions as to whether these approaches will be more effective than the
      empirical approach to cancer treatment.

PMID- 6374431
TI  - [An optimal blood culture technic].
AB  - For blood cultures in septicemic patients it is advisable to use two broth
      culture bottles. One bottle should be incubated with air, the other without (for
      anaerobes). Supplemented Peptone Broth II (Becton-Dickinson) and BHI Roche were
      superior for culturing aerobic and anaerob bacteria in comparison to other blood
      culture media. They are commercially available, and with these media it is not
      necessary to inoculate two bottles with blood from one patient. Supplemented
      Peptone Broth II is also suitable very well for the isolation of Campylobacter
      fetus and has a redoxpotential which is especially favourable for the isolation
      of anaerobes.

PMID- 6374433
TI  - [Initial treatment of the early manifestations of diabetes mellitus type I with a
      mixture of insulins].
AB  - From 1977-1982 47 patients with newly diagnosed type I diabetes mellitus were
      treated in the department of Pediatrics, University of Ulm . 34 patients had no
      ketoacidosis. They were treated initially with 1 U/kg bodyweight/day of insulin
      as a mixture of 1/3 regular and 2/3 NPH. In the morning they received 2/3 and in
      the evening 1/3 of the total amount of insulin. 13 patients with ketoacidoses
      initially were treated for 12-36 h with regular insulin either subcutaneously or
      intravenously and later with the insulin mixture as outlined above. 37 patients
      received purified porcine and 10 patients biosynthetic human insulin (BHI). The
      non ketotic patients reached a good metabolic control (= mean blood glucose less
      than 150 mg/dl) on day 3.1 +/- 1.9 with porcine and on day 2.8 +/- 1.4 with human
      insulin (M +/- SD). Excellent metabolic control (= all blood glucose
      concentrations less than 150 mg/dl) was achieved with procine insulin on day 4.6
      +/- 1.7 and with BHI on day 4.3 +/- 1.5. 2.6% of 1916 blood glucose
      determinations ranged less than 50 mg/dl, minimal value: 31 mg/dl. Severe
      symptomatic hypoglycemias were not observed. All ketoacidotic patients were
      treated with porcine insulin. They reached good metabolic control on day 6.0 +/-
      2.3 and excellent metabolic control on day 7.9 +/- 3.5. It appears that newly
      diagnosed insulin-dependent-diabetic patients without ketoacidosis can be managed
      quickly and safely with a mixture of regular and NPH insulin from the very
      beginning of the disease.

PMID- 6374432
TI  - [Phenobarbital in newborn infants. Overview].
AB  - Over the past years the use of phenobarbital in so called "brain orientated
      neonatal intensive care" has gradually become established. It is the recommended
      drug for the treatment of seizures in term neonates. It also should be given to
      neonates who are being treated with curare like muscle relaxants and whose EEG
      may show paroxysmal activity. It is recommended to administer phenobarbital
      before curare is given. This may result in more effective mechanical ventilation.
      Seizures occurring in the premature baby can hardly be influenced. The
      prophylactic treatment of premature infants to avoid intraventricular haemorrhage
      is controversial. It is, however, generally accepted that full term babies with
      neonatal asphyxia should receive phenobarbital. Bacterial meningitis is also an
      indication for its use in a similar manner. A loading dose of 15-20 mg/kg body
      weight given intravenously is recommended. The plasma concentration of
      phenobarbital will usually reach therapeutic levels (15-30 micrograms/ml) within
      a few minutes of the injection and will hardly change during the following 48
      hours. No other anticonvulsant drug should be used until the phenobarbital plasma
      level exceeds 40 micrograms/ml. As maintenance therapy a dose of 3-4 mg/kg/day is
      recommended. Due to the long plasma half-life (69-165 h) accumulation of the drug
      may be possible. It can be avoided if the dose does not exceed 5 mg/kg/day. The
      duration of therapy depends on the condition of the baby. In general early
      discontinuation after 1-2 weeks should be possible.

PMID- 6374434
TI  - Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles.

PMID- 6374435
TI  - Fibromyalgia: unusual historical aspects and new pathogenic insights.

PMID- 6374436
TI  - Mount Sinai Hospital Medical Center of Chicago.

PMID- 6374437
TI  - A history of medical research at Mount Sinai Hospital Medical Center of Chicago.

PMID- 6374438
TI  - Papillomas of prostatic urethra with prostatic-type epithelium: report of eight
      cases.

PMID- 6374440
TI  - Mechanisms of cisplatin (cis-diamminodichloroplatinum II)-induced cytotoxicity
      and genotoxicity in yeast.
AB  - The antitumor drug, cisplatin (cis- diamminodichloroplatinum II), dissolved in
      both water and phosphate-buffered saline, was studied for its genotoxic and
      cytotoxic effects in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results showed that
      the drug was both recombinagenic and mutagenic in the wild-type diploid strain
      D7. It was observed that both cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were greatly reduced
      when cisplatin was dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline compared to the aqueous
      solution. Cell survival analyses showed that the diploid strain (D7 rad 3),
      deficient in excision of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers or similar adducts, was
      hypersensitive to cisplatin. Another diploid strain (rad 52/rad 52), blocked in
      the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and recombination was also hypersensitive
      to the drug. Mitotic gene conversion was not observed in the rad 52/rad 52
      diploid after the drug treatments, while it was reduced in the excision 
      deficient strain. Reverse mutations occurred in the excision-deficient strain (D7
      rad 3), even at low doses of cisplatin. These results are discussed in relation
      to the possible mechanisms of cisplatin-induced cell death and genotoxicity.

PMID- 6374439
TI  - Petite induction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by ethidium analogs. Action on
      mitochondrial genome.
AB  - Petite induction of ethidium analogs was examined in both resting and growing
      yeast cells. All of the analogs used in these experiments were active in dividing
      cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae; only the parent ethidium bromide was mutagenic
      under resting conditions. Incorporation of adenine into mitochondrial DNA
      appeared to be prevented completely by ethidium and partially inhibited by other
      analogs. Treatment of growing cells with analogs affected fragmentation of pre
      existing DNA as seen by the loss of a mitochondrial antibiotic resistance marker.
      The rates of elimination of the marker were different; ethidium generated greater
      loss than the monoamino analogs (3-amino and 8-amino-); and the deaminated analog
      was least effective. However, in resting yeast the marker was partially
      eliminated only with treatment of the parent ethidium. The degradation of the
      mitochondrial DNA by exposure to ethidium compounds was confirmed by agarose gel
      electrophoresis. Electrophoretic patterns of the mitochondrial DNA treated with
      each of the analogs under growing conditions and only with ethidium under resting
      conditions showed degradation of the mitochondrial DNA.

PMID- 6374441
TI  - Production of frameshift mutations in Salmonella by phenanthridinium derivatives:
      enzymatic activation and photoaffinity labeling.
AB  - The effect of metabolic activation on the mutagenic potential of some
      phenanthridinium compounds was examined in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1538
      and TA1978 . All of the compounds tested were mutagenic in TA1538, a DNA excision
      repair-deficient strain, when metabolizing enzymes were included in the assay.
      Reversions were not detected when these compounds were examined under the same
      conditions in TA1978 , the isogenic strain of TA1538 proficient in DNA repair.
      The mutagenic activity of an azido analog of propidium iodide was also examined
      using photoactivation and enzymatic activation, and with both conditions,
      reversions were observed in TA1538 but not in TA1978 . Furthermore, the ranking
      of mutagenic activity of propidium azide relative to ethidium azide analogs was
      comparable for both types of activation. The evidence from several studies
      suggests that the structural requirements for mutagenic activity for this series
      of phenanthridinium compounds appear to be the same whether mutagenesis is
      induced via photoactivation or metabolic activation. The interaction with DNA
      resulting in covalent alteration of the DNA is implicated as the mutagenic
      mechanism whether the active species is generated by metabolic- or photo
      activation.

PMID- 6374442
TI  - Evaluation of the Escherichia coli K12 inductest for detection of potential
      chemical carcinogens.
AB  - 46 chemicals of diverse classes and structures, including 30 known animal
      carcinogens, were evaluated for prophage-inducing ability using the Escherichia
      coli inductest with lysogenic strain GY5027 envA - uvrB- and indicator strain
      GY4015 ampR . The inductest detected 9 of 30 known carcinogens as genotoxic
      agents, including 3 polycyclic hydrocarbons, 2 aflatoxins, and 2 antitumor
      antimicrobials. Among the 21 carcinogens ineffective as prophage inducers were 3
      aromatic amines (other than 2-aminoanthracene), 3 azo-aminoazo compounds, 2
      methanesulfonates, and 2 nitro aromatics. In contrast, 18 and 17 of the 30 animal
      carcinogens were detected as genotoxic agents in the Salmonella/Ames test and E.
      coli WP2/ WP100 rec assay, respectively. The threshold sensitivity of the
      inductest was less than that of the Salmonella/Ames test for chemicals genotoxic
      in both tests. The ineffectiveness of the inductest as a routine test for
      detecting potential chemical carcinogens may be related to the nature of the DNA
      damage lesions formed by various genotoxic agents.

PMID- 6374443
TI  - Genotoxic activity and potency of 135 compounds in the Ames reversion test and in
      a bacterial DNA-repair test.
AB  - Compounds of various chemical classes were comparatively assayed in the Ames
      reversion test with his- S. typhimurium strains TA1535, TA157 , TA1538, TA98,
      TA100, and, in part, TA97 , and in a DNA-repair test with trp- E. coli strains
      WP2 (repair-proficient), WP67 (uvrA- polA-) and CM871 (uvrA- recA- lexA-). A
      liquid micromethod procedure for the assessment of the minimal inhibitory
      concentration (MIC) of test compounds, using the same reagents as the Ames test,
      was set up and calibrated in its technical details. Other techniques (spot test
      and treat-and-plate method) were applied to a number of compounds in order to
      obtain more complete information on their DNA-damaging activity in E. coli. From
      a qualitative standpoint, the results obtained in the reversion test and in the
      DNA-repair test (liquid micromethod) were overlapping for 96 (59 positive and 37
      negative) out of 135 compounds (71.1%). There was disagreement for 39 compounds
      (28.9%), 9 of which were positive only in the reversion test (8 requiring
      metabolic activation and 5 genotoxic in the treat-and-plate method). 30 compounds
      were positive only in the lethality test, showing a direct DNA-damaging activity,
      which in half of the cases was completely eliminated by S9 mix. Although the
      experimental protocol intentionally included several compounds already reported
      as nonmutagenic carcinogens or as noncarcinogenic mutagens, the overall accuracy
      was 64.5% for the reversion test and 72.4% for the DNA-repair test, as evaluated
      for 75 compounds classified according to their carcinogenic activity.
      Quantitation of results was obtained in the Ames test by relating the net number
      of revertants to nmoles of compound and in the DNA-repair test by means of a
      formula relating the difference and ratio of MICs in repair-proficient and 
      deficient bacteria to nmoles of compound. Following these criteria, the genotoxic
      potency varied over a 4.5 X 10(7)-fold range among compounds positive in the
      reversion test and over a 6 X 10(9)-fold range among compounds damaging E. coli
      DNA. The genotoxic potencies in the two bacterial systems were correlated within
      the majority of the chemical classes under scrutiny.

PMID- 6374444
TI  - Testing of chemicals for genetic activity with Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a report
      of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Gene-Tox Program.
AB  - The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a unicellular fungus that can be cultured
      as a stable haploid or a stable diploid . Diploid cultures can be induced to
      undergo meiosis in a synchronous fashion under well-defined conditions.
      Consequently, yeasts can be used to study genetic effects both in mitotic and in
      meiotic cells. Haploid strains have been used to study the induction of point
      mutations. In addition to point mutation induction, diploid strains have been
      used for studying mitotic recombination, which is the expression of the cellular
      repair activities induced by inflicted damage. Chromosomal malsegregation in
      mitotic and meiotic cells can also be studied in appropriately marked strains.
      Yeast has a considerable potential for endogenous activation, provided the tests
      are performed with appropriate cells. Exogenous activation has been achieved with
      S9 rodent liver in test tubes as well as in the host-mediated assay, where cells
      are injected into rodents. Yeast cells can be recovered from various organs and
      tested for induced genetic effects. The most commonly used genetic end point has
      been mitotic recombination either as mitotic crossing-over or mitotic gene
      conversion. A number of different strains are used by different authors. This
      also applies to haploid strains used for monitoring induction of point mutations.
      Mitotic chromosome malsegregation has been studied mainly with strain D6 and
      meiotic malsegregation with strain DIS13 . Data were available on tests with 492
      chemicals, of which 249 were positive, as reported in 173 articles or reports.
      The genetic test/carcinogenicity accuracy was 0.74, based on the carcinogen
      listing established in the Gene-Tox Program. The yeast tests supplement the
      bacterial tests for detecting agents that act via radical formation,
      antibacterial drugs, and other chemicals interfering with chromosome segregation
      and recombination processes.

PMID- 6374445
TI  - Myofibrillar M-line structure in normal and dystrophic hamster muscle.
AB  - The presence of the specific myofibrillar M-line marker, myomesin , in isolated
      myofibrils and cryosections of skeletal and heart muscle as well as its
      appearance during differentiation in skeletal and heart muscle cell cultures of
      normal and dystrophic hamsters were evaluated. By means of the indirect
      immunofluorescence technique employing antibodies against chicken M-line
      proteins, the appearance of antigen localized in the M-line was investigated. No
      difference could be found between the M-line structure of normal and dystrophic
      animals. The results suggest that the M-line proteins, apparently relatively
      stable, are not primarily affected by the disease.

PMID- 6374446
TI  - Electronmicroscopic studies of peritoneal lavages after intraperitoneal
      application of Candida albicans to non-immunized and immunized hosts.

PMID- 6374447
TI  - Cellular response to Candida albicans after intraperitoneal injection to non
      immunized and immunized mice and rabbits.

PMID- 6374448
TI  - Does IgM-class rheumatoid factor disturb Candida-specific IgM- diagnostics?

PMID- 6374449
TI  - Metabolic labelling and characterisation of S-antigens, the heat-stable, strain
      specific antigens of Plasmodium falciparum.
AB  - The C-10 clone of Plasmodium falciparum was metabolically labelled with
      [3H]glycine. Analysis by sodium dodecylsulphate/polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis (SDS/PAGE) revealed that S-antigens were the only significantly
      labelled products released into culture supernatants by the end of the asexual
      cycle. This result indicates conclusively that heat-stable, strain-specific
      antigens (the 'S-antigens') emanate from the parasite and not the host. The S
      antigen of clone C-10 was resolved on SDS/PAGE as two labelled products with
      molecular weights of 156000 +/- 5000 and 130000 +/- 2000. The two components were
      differentially susceptible to proteolysis with trypsin. In other experiments,
      boiled plasma from Aotus monkeys infected with a different isolate of P.
      falciparum was partially purified by isoelectric focusing and the fraction
      containing S-antigen was iodinated by the Iodogen procedure. Analysis by SDS/PAGE
      of immunoprecipitated material revealed an iodinated component corresponding to
      the lower molecular weight band of the metabolically labelled S-antigen.

PMID- 6374450
TI  - Synthesis of merozoite proteins and glycoproteins during the schizogony of
      Plasmodium falciparum.
AB  - We have investigated the protein and glycoprotein content of Plasmodium
      falciparum merozoites by metabolically labeling cultures of schizont-stage
      parasites with [35S]methionine or with [3H]glucosamine followed by incubation in
      nonradioactive medium to allow the schizonts to mature into merozoites, infect
      new erythrocytes, and develop into ring-stage parasites. The ring stages were
      separated from schizonts by sedimentation through Percoll. Labeled proteins were
      resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
      visualized by fluorography. Using [35S]methionine, four major proteins (p) with
      apparent relative molecular weights (Mr) = 202k , 136k , 82k , and 46k and two
      proteins of intermediate labeling (Mr = 185k and 142k ) were observed in the
      schizont-labeled ring-stage parasites. Because corresponding proteins were also
      observed in the schizont stage, we conclude that they had been present in the
      invading merozoite. In contrast, prominent proteins which were generally labeled
      during the ring stage and some major schizont-stage proteins were virtually
      absent in the schizont-labeled ring-stage. By labeling the parasite proteins with
      [3H]glucosamine followed by separation by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis, five major glycoproteins (gp) of apparent Mr = 185k , 88k ,
      56k , 46k , and 34k were identified. Their presence in both the schizont and the
      schizont-labeled ring stage demonstrated that the merozoite contains
      glycoproteins. Immune owl monkey serum recognized all five glycoproteins. A
      comparison of proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (isoelectric
      focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) suggested
      that p185 and gp185 were identical, as were p46 and gp46 .

PMID- 6374451
TI  - Optimization of a protein synthesizing lysate system from Trypanosoma cruzi.
AB  - A protein-synthesizing lysate system from Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes
      analogous to the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system was established. The system
      was optimized by the 'classical' method where one of the factors is varied while
      the others are kept constant. With this the following optima were found: [Mg2+]:
      1.0 mM, [K+]: 60 mM, T: 25 degrees C, pH: 7.5. This method was compared with the
      'sequential simplex' method [Long, D.E. (1969) Anal. Chim. Acta 46,93-100], a
      method designed to optimize rationally interdependent factors in biological
      systems. The optima as determined with this method were: [Mg2+]: 1.02 mM, [K+]:
      63 mM, T: 25.5 degrees C, pH: 7.25. At these values the system incorporated 43%
      more amino acids into proteins than a system optimized with the 'classical'
      method. Fluorographic analysis of the proteins synthesized by the system shows
      that while proteins in the molecular weight range between 14000 and 45000 are
      synthesized in amounts comparable to the in vivo situation, the higher molecular
      weight proteins (greater than 45000) are synthesized in lesser quantities.

PMID- 6374452
TI  - Treatment of resistant malignant lymphoma with cyclophosphamide, total body
      irradiation, and transplantation of cryopreserved autologous marrow.
AB  - Twenty-seven patients with malignant lymphoma in whom primary chemotherapy had
      failed and the prognosis was poor were treated with cyclophosphamide, total body
      irradiation, and transplantation of cryopreserved autologous marrow. The median
      time to recovery of more than 500 neutrophils per microliter and more than 10,000
      platelets per microliter was 18 and 24 days, respectively. Complete remission was
      achieved in 15 patients (56 per cent), five of whom were in continuous remission
      at this writing 19 to 71 months after transplantation without further therapy and
      one of whom was alive in a subsequent remission at 20 months. Fifteen patients
      died of lymphoma, three of interstitial pneumonitis, two of sepsis, and one of
      congestive heart failure. This experience shows that intensive therapy and
      autologous-marrow transplantation can produce prolonged remissions in patients
      with malignant lymphoma in whom conventional chemotherapy has failed.

PMID- 6374453
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 24-1984. Pancytopenia and fever in a renal-transplant recipient.

PMID- 6374454
TI  - Early use of timolol in acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6374455
TI  - Abnormal glucose counterregulation after subcutaneous insulin in insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - We assessed glucose counterregulation during intensive insulin therapy in 20
      patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) by injecting therapeutic
      doses of regular insulin subcutaneously after overnight maintenance of
      euglycemia. As compared with nondiabetic controls matched for age and weight, 17
      of the patients had more severe and more prolonged hypoglycemia (nadir, 42 +/- 2
      in patients vs. 60 +/- 2 mg per deciliter in controls P less than 0.01; duration,
      6.2 +/- 0.4 vs 2.1 +/- 0.6 hours, P less than 0.01). Most patients had decreased
      responses of several counterregulatory hormones. Marked rebound hyperglycemia
      (approximately equal to 300 mg per deciliter) ultimately developed in 11
      patients. The only features distinguishing patients with rebound hyperglycemia
      from those without it were plasma free insulin concentrations during recovery
      from hypoglycemia (those with vs. those without, 7 +/- 1 vs. 22 +/- 2 microU per
      milliliter, P less than 0.01) and insulin-antibody binding (5 +/- 1 vs. 30 +/- 5
      per cent, P less than 0.01). Rates of plasma glucose recovery from hypoglycemia
      were inversely correlated with plasma free insulin concentrations (r = -0.84, P
      less than 0.01); the latter in turn were directly correlated with insulin
      antibody binding (r = 0.94, P less than 0.01). We conclude that many patients
      with IDDM have impaired glucose counterregulation due to multiple defects in
      counterregulatory-hormone secretion. This is associated with increased insulin
      antibody binding, which prolongs the half-life of insulin. In such patients,
      intensive insulin therapy may be hazardous.

PMID- 6374456
TI  - Angina pectoris. Natural history and strategies for evaluation and management.

PMID- 6374457
TI  - The first ductus revisited.

PMID- 6374458
TI  - Therapy of ischemic cerebral vascular disease due to atherothrombosis (1).

PMID- 6374459
TI  - The vitamin D family revisited.

PMID- 6374460
TI  - Shattuck lecture--allocating scarce medical resources and the availability of
      organ transplantation. Some moral presuppositions.

PMID- 6374461
TI  - A characterization of pH-regulated dimorphism in Candida albicans.
AB  - When cells of the dimorphic yeast Candida albicans are grown to stationary phase
      in defined liquid medium at 25 degrees C, they accumulate as singlets in G1 of
      the cell cycle. When these pluripotent, stationary phase singlets are released
      into fresh medium at 37 degrees C, they synchronously evaginate after an average
      period of 135 to 140 minutes and form either buds or mycelia, depending upon the
      pH of the medium into which they are released. This method of dimorphic
      regulation offers the distinct advantage of comparability and serves as a very
      precise method for temporal comparisons of molecular and cytological events
      related to the establishment of the alternate growth phenotypes. In the present
      report, we have carefully examined the effects of individually varying pH or
      temperature on the length of the pre-evagination period, the population synchrony
      for evagination, and the phenotype of daughter cells. Exact phenotypic transition
      points, optima, and upper limits are defined for both temperature and pH. In
      addition, a method of pH-regulated dimorphism is developed in which the original
      temperature shift is removed from the inductive process. Finally, a common
      transition phenotype is described for cells reverting from the initial mycelial
      to budding phenotype when either pH or temperature traverse their respective
      transition points. The advantages as well as limitations of pH-regulated
      dimorphism are discussed in detail.

PMID- 6374462
TI  - Cryptococcus neoformans: in vivo protection of mice by pretreatment with pyran
      copolymer.
AB  - Synthetic polyanions have been shown to alter host resistance to infection. The
      anticryptococcal effect of pyran copolymer was assessed in vivo and in vitro.
      Pretreatment with pyran copolymer significantly extended mean survival in mice
      lethally infected with Cryptococcus neoformans when compared to untreated animals
      (p less than 0.01). The anticryptococcal effect of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC)
      elicited by 10% thioglycollate or pyran copolymer (25 mg/kg) was assessed in
      vitro. Initial percent phagocytosis of both encapsulated and non-encapsulated
      isolates of C. neoformans was greatest in the pyran elicited PEC. Significant
      killing of C. neoformans in vitro was observed only in pyran-activated PEC
      cultures combined with non-encapsulated cells of C. neoformans, although pyran
      PEC did inhibit initial growth of phagocytized encapsulated yeast cells. The
      protection of pyran copolymer pretreated mice from infection with C. neoformans,
      but the absence of significant killing of encapsulated yeast in vitro suggest a
      complex mechanism of host defense which may involve an activation of the
      reticuloendothelial system by pyran copolymer.

PMID- 6374463
TI  - DNA bending and kinking.

PMID- 6374464
TI  - Phagocytosing macrophages exclude proteins from the zones of contact with
      opsonized targets.
AB  - During receptor-mediated phagocytosis, macrophages release toxic molecules such
      as hydrogen peroxide which enable them to kill antibody-coated tumour cells and
      parasites, too large to consume. Previous workers observed that while peroxide
      was clearly responsible for cytolysis of certain antibody-coated tumour cells,
      extracellular catalase was unable to inhibit this cytolysis, and they suggested
      that macrophages secrete peroxide into a protected cleft between the phagocyte
      and target. We have tested this and report here that the space beneath
      macrophages spread on glass surfaces is accessible to proteins with a molecular
      weight (MW) as large as 200,000 but the space beneath macrophages plated on glass
      surfaces coated with phagocytosis-promoting ligands is impermeable to proteins as
      small as 50,000 MW. It appears indeed that macrophages form a protein-tight seal
      at the periphery of their contact with ligand-coated surfaces and thereby create
      a closed compartment between the cell and the target.

PMID- 6374466
TI  - Bacterial motion: progress in flagellation.

PMID- 6374465
TI  - Indonesian and Sudanese style.

PMID- 6374467
TI  - Successive incorporation of force-generating units in the bacterial rotary motor.
AB  - Mot mutants of Escherichia coli are paralysed: their flagella appear to be intact
      but do not rotate. The motA and motB gene products are found in the cytoplasmic
      membrane; they do not co-purify with flagellar basal bodies isolated in neutral
      detergents. Silverman et al. found that mot mutants could be ' resurrected '
      through protein synthesis directed by lambda transducing phages carrying the wild
      type genes. Here, we have studied this activation at the level of a single
      flagellar motor. Cells of a motB strain carrying plasmids in which transcription
      of the wild-type motB gene was controlled by the lac promoter were tethered to a
      glass surface by a single flagellum. These cells began to spin within several
      minutes after the addition of a lac inducer, and their rotational speed changed
      in a series of equally spaced steps. As many as 7 steps were seen in individual
      cells and, from the final speeds attained, as many as 16 steps could be inferred.
      These experiments show that each flagellar motor contains several independent
      force-generating units comprised, at least in part, of motB protein.

PMID- 6374468
TI  - A relationship between the yeast cell cycle genes CDC4 and CDC36 and the ets
      sequence of oncogenic virus E26.
AB  - We report here significant primary sequence homology among the predicted
      translational products of three genes: CDC4 , CDC36 and ets. CDC4 and CDC36 are
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell division cycle genes, while ets is a transformation
      specific sequence of avian erythroblastosis virus E26. The deduced primary
      structures of the three gene products were compared by computer to a large data
      base of known and predicted protein sequences. The search revealed 22.0-25.5%
      identity over regions of 140-206 codons, respectively between the different
      pairwise combinations. For these particular sequences, these identity scores fall
      3.4-4.0 standard deviations above the empirically-determined mean values of
      fortuitous similarity. S. cerevisiae calls require CDC36 and CDC4 in order to
      complete two early events in the cell cycle: execution of start ( CDC36 ) and
      spindle pole body separation ( CDC4 ). In virus E26, the ets sequence is linked
      in frame with delta gag and mybE in the tripartite structure 5'-delta gag- mybE 
      ets-3', comprising the E26 transforming oncogene. The homologies described here
      suggest that the biochemical functions or regulation of the CDC4 , CDC36 and ets
      products may be related.

PMID- 6374469
TI  - A novel protease from yeast with specificity towards paired basic residues.
AB  - Paired basic residues have been observed as sites of proteolytic processing of
      prohormones in a wide range of eukaryotic species. This strongly suggests that
      proteases exhibiting specificity towards paired basic residues may be involved in
      prohormone processing, but candidate enzymes have not so far been identified.
      Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-cells synthesize and secrete alpha-mating
      factor, a peptide of 13 amino acids, the processing of which from a larger
      precursor involves cleavage at paired basic residues (-Lys-Arg-). We have
      therefore used them as a simple model system for the study of prohormone
      processing and report here the identification, in cell lysates, of a novel
      protease which specifically recognizes and cleaves the peptide bonds between
      consecutive basic residues. The purified enzyme, which we have called
      propheromone -convertase Y, has a molecular weight (MW) of around 43,000. It
      cleaves various peptide substrates at paired basic residues, but not at single
      basic residues, implying it is distinct from trypsin-like proteases. Its unique
      substrate specificity suggests the enzyme may be involved in propheromone
      processing in vivo.

PMID- 6374471
TI  - Xenopus oocytes can secrete bacterial beta-lactamase.
AB  - Most secretory proteins are synthesized as precursor polypeptides carrying N
      terminal, hydrophobic sequences which, by means of a signal recognition particle
      (SRP), trigger the membrane transfer of the polypeptide and are subsequently
      cleaved off. The signal sequences appear to be interchangeable between
      prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In bacteria, secretion only involves the crossing of
      a membrane, whereas in eukaryotes the secretory process can be separated into two
      distinct phases: translocation across the membrane of the rough endoplasmic
      reticulum and subsequent intraluminal transport by processes involving vesicle
      budding and fusion. Since secretory proteins must be distinguished from other
      soluble proteins destined for various sites in the reticular system, it is
      conceivable that eukaryotic secretory proteins possess additional markers
      distinct from the signal peptide to guide the polypeptide after its transfer
      through the membrane. Proteins are secreted at different rates from a eukaryotic
      cell, suggesting a role in intracellular transport for receptors with differing
      affinities for some topogenic features in secretory proteins. We have tested this
      possibility by introducing into the lumen of eukaryotic rough endoplasmic
      reticulum a prokaryotic protein which, by virtue of its origin, had not been
      adapted to the eukaryotic secretory pathway. We reasoned that secretion of the
      bacterial protein would indicate that after membrane transfer no topogenic
      signal(s) and corresponding recognition system(s) are required. We report here
      that this is indeed the case.

PMID- 6374470
TI  - Bone marrow cells give rise to distinct cell clones within the thymus.
AB  - The thymus is the major, if not the sole site of maturation of T lymphocytes from
      their haematopoietic precursors. During embryonic life (at a few well-defined
      intervals, at least in birds) the thymus receives thymus-homing haematopoietic
      precursors that give rise to antigen-specific functional T lymphocytes. Although
      the number and thymic location of distinct T-cell lineages destined to form the
      peripheral T-cell pool are not yet well defined, at least two independent
      pathways have been proposed. First, thymic subcapsular lymphoblasts divide and
      differentiate to give rise to small deep cortical thymic lymphocytes, medullary
      lymphocytes and thymus emigrants (I.W., unpublished data) and second, the medulla
      contains an independent self-renewing population that contains the precursors of
      the peripheral T-cell pool. Following irradiation the thymus may be repopulated
      by injected haematopoietic cells presumably related to the thymus-homing
      haematopoietic cells of the embryo. Here we have reconstituted irradiated mice
      with limiting numbers of bone marrow cells from Thy-1 congeneic donors and have
      found distinct clones of cells within the thymus. The pattern of reconstitution
      by the precursor cells indicates that two independent thymus lineages exist:
      cortex plus medulla, and medulla alone.

PMID- 6374472
TI  - Neural tube defects: British vitamin trial starts slowly.

PMID- 6374474
TI  - The clinical management of sore throat: a comparison of three ambulatory
      settings.

PMID- 6374473
TI  - Microbiology: proteins that bind the beta-lactam antibiotics.

PMID- 6374475
TI  - [Urodynamic studies in children].

PMID- 6374476
TI  - [Clinical significance of urodynamic studies of the lower urinary tract in the
      male].

PMID- 6374477
TI  - The gloving of a nurse (Caroline Hampton).

PMID- 6374478
TI  - [The retromolar region of the mandible and the distal border of the lower
      denture].

PMID- 6374479
TI  - [Dental prostheses in the Dutch population].

PMID- 6374480
TI  - Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion: the insulin pump.

PMID- 6374481
TI  - The effect of 'home blood glucose monitoring' in type I diabetes mellitus: an
      effect of education?

PMID- 6374482
TI  - Detection of IgA1-dominant immune complexes in peripheral blood polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes by double immunofluorescence in patients with IgA nephropathy.
AB  - The amounts of IgA1- and/or IgA2-dominant immune complexes included in peripheral
      blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) were determined by the double
      immunofluorescence technique in patients with IgA nephropathy. The aim of the
      present study was to determine the prevalence of IgA1-and/or IgA2-dominant immune
      complexes phagocytized by PMN in patients with IgA nephropathy. 5 patients with
      IgA nephropathy and 10 healthy adults were examined. It was demonstrated that the
      percentages of IgA1 with C3 cytoplasmic inclusion bodies were significantly
      increased compared with those of IgA2 with C3 cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in
      patients with IgA nephropathy. It was suggested that IgA1-dominant immune
      complexes are phagocytized by peripheral blood PMN in patients with IgA
      nephropathy.

PMID- 6374483
TI  - Beta-2-microglobulin in mesangial IgA nephropathy.
AB  - This study measured plasma beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) in patients with
      mesangial IgA nephritis. Plasma beta 2-m was measured in 51 patients with IgA
      mesangial nephritis and in 50 normal controls using a Phadebas beta 2-m RIA kit
      available from Pharmacia Diagnostics (Uppsala, Sweden). The mean plasma beta 2-m
      in IgA nephritic patients (1.92 +/- 0.67 mg/l) was significantly different from
      that of healthy controls (1.33 +/- 0.41 mg/l; p less than 0.001). The mean plasma
      beta 2-m in non-IgA nephritic patients (1.83 +/- 0.73 mg/l) was also
      significantly different (p less than 0.001). Patients with IgA nephritis with
      glomerular sclerosis (n = 33) had significantly higher levels of beta 2-m (2.02
      +/- 0.70 mg/l) than IgA nephritic patients without glomerular sclerosis (n = 18,
      1.72 +/- 0.65 mg/l; p less than 0.025). In the group with IgA nephritis and
      glomerulosclerosis, raised beta 2-m levels were correlated with the severity of
      proteinuria (r = 0.41) (p less than 0.02) as well as the intensity of IgA
      staining on immunofluorescence (r = 0.34; p less than 0.05). Elevated beta 2-m
      levels in IgA nephritis may serve as a useful prognostic marker.

PMID- 6374484
TI  - Relation between plasma aldosterone concentration and renal handling of sodium
      and potassium, in particular in patients with chronic renal failure.
AB  - In normal subjects a relation was found between the log plasma aldosterone
      concentration (PAC) and the ratio of renal potassium excretion (UK) and sodium
      delivery to the sodium-potassium exchange site (UNa + K). This relationship was
      independent of plasma renin activity (PRA). On these grounds, the UK/UNa + K
      ratio disturbance was considered to be a function of the PAC, and this relation
      was considered to reflect an altered sensitivity of the distal tubule to
      aldosterone. In several pathological conditions involving the kidney, the
      relation between the PAC and UK/UNa + K remained normal while the glomerular
      filtration rate was within normal limits. Under these conditions, however, the
      serum potassium concentration had some influence on this relation, in that a low
      potassium concentration was accompanied by an elevated (though still normal) PAC
      relative to the UK/UNa + K ratio. The relation was completely abolished when the
      effect of endogenous aldosterone was impaired by chronic renal disease made it
      possible to classify them according to the pathophysiological disturbance in
      question. We conclude that determination of the UK/UNa + K ratio and its relation
      to the PAC, PRA, and serum potassium level is very useful for the analysis of
      disorders of potassium metabolism.

PMID- 6374485
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the function of each kidney using Tc 99m DTPA].
AB  - To evaluate the clinical validity of 99m Tc DTPA renal investigation, we have
      studied 60 patients with different renal diseases: 1) Renovascular hypertension
      (22 patients); 2) Chronic pyelonephritis (11 patients); 3) Renal hypoplasia (12
      patients); 4) Bilateral parenchymatous nephropathy with hypertension (15
      patients). We observed a good correlation between the creatinine clearance and
      the total DTPA clearance (N = 51: r = 0.68; p less than 0.001); and also a good
      correlation between the respective renal surface extrapolated from renal X-Rays,
      and the respective renal function of each kidney (expressed in percentage)
      measured from DTPA data. This correlation is higher in group 1 and lower in group
      2. From individual kidney function percentage and glomerular filtration rate
      measurement or estimation, we could calculate the GFR of each kidney, which
      serves as a guideline for surgical decisions.

PMID- 6374487
TI  - [Creation and development of the neurological services of the railway health
      system in the period between World War I and II].

PMID- 6374486
TI  - [Immunological selection of donors and recipients in renal grafts: antibodies].
AB  - It appears that a wide range of antibodies must be taken into account among
      future recipients of renal allografts. On one hand, the hazard of hyperacute
      rejection induced by warm allo-antibodies directed against donor's HLA-A, B
      antigens is well known. It is probable that warm allo-antibodies directed against
      donor's Ia (HLA-DR) antigens are also harmful. On the other hand, anti-T or B
      lymphocytes cold auto-antibodies appear neutral, whereas some studies suggest the
      possibility of enhancing antibodies which may be anti-idiotypic antibodies.

PMID- 6374488
TI  - Depending on the stimulus, central serotoninergic activation by fenfluramine
      blocks or does not alter growth hormone secretion in man.
AB  - The role of serotonin (5-HT) in the hypothalamic regulation of human growth
      hormone (GH) was reassessed through the use of fenfluramine, which selectively
      releases 5-HT from presynaptic terminals. Oral administration of L-dopa plus
      propranolol induced a potent and sustained GH release in the subjects tested (26
      +/- 6 ng/ml). The administration of fenfluramine (20 mg i.v. as bolus plus 20
      mg/30 min i.v.) completely suppressed the L-dopa-induced GH secretion (2 +/- 09.5
      ng/ml). On the other hand, when arginine (30 g/30 min i.v.) was used as a GH
      stimulant of medium intensity (12.7 +/- 2.8 ng/ml), fenfluramine at the same dose
      was not able to alter the pattern of pituitary secretion (11.5 +/- 4.2 ng/ml).
      Fenfluramine alone induced a slight nonsignificant decrease in GH values with a
      parallel and significant increase in prolactin (PRL) secretion in accordance with
      the proposed serotoninergic activity of the drug. Rat PRL secretion by
      pituitaries incubated in vitro was inhibited by dopamine. Fenfluramine added to
      the system did not counteract the dopaminergic reduction of PRL release, making
      unlikely the possibility of an antagonism at the dopaminergic receptor as
      mechanism of action of fenfluramine on PRL secretion. In conclusion, depending on
      the stimulus under study, serotoninergic activation by fenfluramine either
      inhibits or does not alter GH secretion in man. No proof of a serotoninergic
      stimulatory component on GH regulation has been detected in this study.
      Fenfluramine is a valuable tool in neuroendocrinological studies, dealing with
      serotoninergic mechanisms.

PMID- 6374489
TI  - Neuron-specific enolase in the pituitary gland.
AB  - Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is present in many types of peptide-secreting
      neuroendocrine cells and in tumours derived from them, but little work has been
      done on the pituitary gland. Serial sections of normal rat (n = 9) and human (n =
      7) pituitary gland, spontaneous rat pituitary tumours (n = 14) and human
      pituitary tumours, both hormonally active (n = 7) and inactive (n = 10), were
      immunostained for NSE and the 6 major anterior pituitary hormones. The neural
      lobe stained strongly and the intermediate lobe variably for NSE. In the anterior
      lobe, NSE immunoreactivity was present with variable intensity in the majority of
      hormone-producing cells of all six types. Cells with strong hormone
      immunoreactivity were usually only moderately stained for NSE. All the human and
      rat pituitary adenomas examined were positively stained for NSE, though to
      varying degrees. The pituitary gland is thus no exception to the rule that NSE is
      found in peptide-secreting neuroendocrine cells and their tumours.

PMID- 6374490
TI  - Effect of maternal ethanol ingestion on control of growth hormone secretion by
      biogenic amines in rat offspring.
AB  - Pregnant rats were kept on an ethanol-containing (6% w/v) liquid diet from the
      13th day of gestation and serum growth hormone (GH) levels were determined in the
      offspring after four different experimental paradigms. In controls,
      administration of cyproheptadine (a serotonin-blocking agent), or insulin, or
      exposure to cold, caused decreases in the levels of serum GH, whereas dopamine
      induced inhibition in GH release was observed only in 10-day-old rats. In
      contrast, among neonates exposed continuously to ethanol, only cyproheptadine
      produced decreases in serum GH levels similar to controls. In these ethanol
      treated animals, insulin hypoglycemia, cold exposure, or dopamine-induced
      reductions in serum GH levels were not seen. Withdrawal from ethanol at birth
      produced similar GH responses to cyproheptadine, cold exposure, and dopamine as
      those observed in neonatal rats exposed continuously to ethanol. A delayed GH
      lowering effect of insulin was observed in the withdrawal group indicating that
      these neurochemical changes may depend on the duration of exposure. The basal GH
      levels were altered also after ethanol exposure. These data would be consistent
      with the hypothesis that maternal ethanol ingestion causes an alteration in
      biogenic amines regulation of secretion of GH in the offspring.

PMID- 6374491
TI  - Hormonal and chemical modulation of ventromedial hypothalamic neurons responsive
      to vaginocervical stimulation.
AB  - Neurons of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) in female rats were
      electrophysiologically recorded via multibarrelled glass micropipettes and tested
      for responsiveness to vaginocervical stimulation as well as to a variety of other
      peripheral stimuli. A small percentage of VMH neurons were found to be
      specifically responsive to vaginocervical stimulation (type I response) in the
      ovariectomized animal. Priming the rats with estrogen (E) and progesterone (P)
      significantly increased the percentage of neurons responding specifically to
      vaginocervical stimulation but had no effect on the percentage of nonspecifically
      responding (type II) and nonresponding (type III) neurons. Pharmacological
      testing of all three types of VMH neurons was accomplished by iontophoretic
      application of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH), prolactin (PRL), and
      dopamine (DA) to the cell membrane. PRL excited the majority of neurons tested
      and DA inhibited the majority of tested units regardless of the hormonal
      condition of the animal or the response elicited by vaginocervical and peripheral
      stimulation, LHRH, however, produced changes in firing rate which were related to
      the type of response evoked by vaginocervical stimulation. In E-P-primed animals,
      neurons which were specifically or nonspecifically affected by vaginocervical
      stimulation responded to LHRH in a similar manner whereas a different LHRH
      response profile was obtained in those neurons which were not effected by
      vaginocervical stimulation. The results indicate that an afferent pathway from
      the vaginocervix to the VMH exists, that E-P priming in some manner increases the
      probability that a VMH neuron will respond specifically to vaginocervical
      probing, and that the effect of LHRH is different in neurons responding to
      vaginocervical stimulation than in nonresponding neurons.

PMID- 6374492
TI  - Effect of vertebral artery infusions of oxytocin on plasma vasopressin
      concentration, plasma renin activity, blood pressure and heart rate and their
      responses to hemorrhage.
AB  - Infusion of oxytocin into one vertebral artery of anesthetized dogs did not alter
      plasma vasopressin concentration, blood pressure or heart rate. However, there
      was a significant (p less than 0.01) increase in plasma renin activity (PRA;
      delta = 7.6 +/- 2.3 ng/ml X h). A 35% hemorrhage caused blood pressure to fall by
      9.4 +/- 4.0 mm Hg (p less than 0.01) and PRA to rise by 8.8 +/- 2.7 ng/ml X h (p
      less than 0.05). In 8 dogs that were subjected to a similar hemorrhage and that
      also received an intravertebral infusion of oxytocin, blood pressure was
      maintained and PRA increased by 14 +/- 4.3 ng/ml X h (p less than 0.05). Heart
      rate and plasma vasopressin responses were similar in both hemorrhage groups. The
      results indicate that oxytocin prevented the fall in blood pressure associated
      with a hemorrhage, possibly by increasing renin release.

PMID- 6374493
TI  - Computer simulation for the stereotactic placement of interstitial radionuclide
      sources into computed tomography-defined tumor volumes.
AB  - This report describes a method for the preoperative determination of radioactive
      interstitial source placement within computed tomography (CT)-defined tumor
      boundaries. The method utilizes CT data obtained under stereotactic conditions.
      Tumor boundaries are digitized from CT slices and are retained in a three
      dimensional computer matrix. A solid tumor volume is created by an interpolation
      program and may be sliced orthogonal to any specific stereotactic surgical view
      line. The surgeon may simulate radioactive source placement within the slices and
      view the resultant isodose configuration against tumor contours on successive
      slices. Once the best source placement has been determined, the computer outputs
      the mechanical adjustments that will be necessary on a stereotactic frame located
      in the operating room for the stereotactic placement of each source and gives the
      length of each source. Sources are stereotactically implanted utilizing a double
      catheter afterloading technique.

PMID- 6374495
TI  - Innovation in neurosurgery: Walter Dandy in his day.
AB  - In 1925, Walter Dandy published a preliminary report of an innovative operative
      procedure for patients with tic douloureux. Dandy reported treating tic by
      selectively sectioning the trigeminal nerve at the brain stem. His operative
      field was the cerebellopontine angle, which he exposed using a cerebellar
      approach. It is commonly acknowledged among neurosurgeons that Dandy's technique
      was overlooked in favor of the Spiller - Frazier procedure during Dandy's
      lifetime and for at least 15 years after his death. This article examines
      historically Doctor Dandy's ideas regarding the treatment of tic and evaluates
      them within the context of the emerging development of the profession of
      neurological surgery from 1920 to 1945. It documents that his operative approach
      was accepted and used among an elite group of neurosurgeons. It also discusses
      political, personal, social, and technological issues that contributed to the
      overall rejection of the Dandy procedure.

PMID- 6374494
TI  - Pain relief after hypophysectomy.
AB  - Thirteen series of patients who underwent surgical or chemical hypophysectomy for
      the relief of pain associated with cancer were reviewed. In 10 series, involving
      334 patients with breast or prostate cancer, surgical hypophysectomy produced
      pain relief in 70% of the patients afflicted with either tumor, including some
      with no evidence of hormone dependence. These results were then compared with the
      results of chemical hypophysectomy. This procedure was performed in 3 series
      involving 533 patients, of whom 24% had cancer other than breast or prostate.
      Chemical hypophysectomy produced pain relief in over 75% of the patients,
      regardless of tumor type or hormonal dependence. The possible role of the
      pituitary, the hypothalamus, and endogenous opiates in mediating the pain relief
      associated with hypophysectomy was examined. The mechanism by which pain relief
      is achieved remains unclear, but there is significant evidence that this relief
      is not related directly to the expected fall in the levels of known pituitary
      hormones. Evidence is provided that pain relief is the result of a hypothalamic
      pain-suppressing capability triggered by hypophysectomy. On the basis of both
      clinical data and the mechanism of action, we conclude that surgical and chemical
      hypophysectomy are fundamentally similar procedures.

PMID- 6374496
TI  - Proposed neural circuitry for spatial memory in the primate brain.
AB  - The possible cerebral cortical circuitry for spatial memory in primates is
      discussed in light of a conceptual model and clinical as well as animal
      behavioral data. It is proposed that spatial memory formation begins with the
      arrival of sensory information in primary sensory areas and involves progressive
      elaboration through parasensory and higher-order association cortices. The
      connectivity between the association areas and the paralimbic and limbic regions
      is viewed as critical to the consolidation process. Finally, the execution of
      spatial behavior is presumed to involve the post-Rolandic and paralimbic
      projections to the frontal lobe. It is hoped that this conceptualization may
      provide a framework for further studies dealing with spatial memory.

PMID- 6374497
TI  - Effortful and automatic memory: effects of dopamine.
AB  - With advancing age, there are changes in both cognitive functions and
      neurotransmitter metabolism. Dopamine plays a role in learning, memory, and
      related cognitive processes. We evaluated the effects of supplemental dopamine in
      precursor form (levodopa) on various aspects of memory in elderly normal
      volunteers in a controlled, double-blind study. Access to semantic memory and
      automatic processes were unaffected, but levodopa reliably facilitated effortful
      memory processing. Levodopa may be useful clinically in attenuating impairments
      in effortful cognitive tasks. Different neural systems probably mediate different
      forms of cognition.

PMID- 6374498
TI  - Blind evaluation of lymphocyte capping in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
AB  - Recently, Pickard et al reported decreased "capping" in lymphocytes from patients
      with Duchenne type muscular dystrophy (DMD) as well as female carriers of the DMD
      trait. To resolve subsequent debate about the reproducibility of this finding, we
      carried out a "blinded" collaborative study designed to eliminate the possibility
      of observer bias. Blood samples from DMD patients, their mothers, and controls
      were obtained and coded at Johns Hopkins and transported to the Medical College
      of Virginia, where lymphocyte capping was tested using FITC-labeled polyvalent
      anti-human immunoglobulin. Diminished capping in lymphocytes was found in 12 of
      13 DMD patients (17 of 18 blood samples) and in 14 of 17 mothers of DMD patients
      (19 of 23 blood samples), as compared with 8 of 21 control subjects (8 of 22
      blood samples). The results in both the patient and the carrier groups differed
      significantly from those in the control group, confirming previous observations
      of diminished lymphocyte capping in DMD. The findings provide support for the
      concept of a systemic defect associated with cell membranes in this disorder. The
      relatively high incidence of false positive results limits the usefulness of
      lymphocyte capping as a diagnostic test for carriers under the conditions of this
      study.

PMID- 6374499
TI  - [Effect of benfurodil hemiscucinate (Eucilat) on various hemorheologic parameters
      in patients with chronic peripheral obstructive arteriopathies].

PMID- 6374500
TI  - [Problems related to the radiographic study of the biliary tract using oral or
      intravenous contrast media. Main side effects and biochemical changes induced by
      the administration of contrast media].

PMID- 6374501
TI  - The value of tobacco smoke in the treatment of intussusception.

PMID- 6374502
TI  - [Therapeutic action of Piroxicam administered rectally in rheumatic diseases.
      Controlled double-blind study].
AB  - In a 15 day double-blind clinical trial 39 patients affected with rheumatic
      disease have been enrolled to evaluate the therapeutic effect of rectal
      administration of Piroxicam, in comparison with Indomethacin. At the end of the
      study, 20 patients had been treated with Piroxicam and 19 with Indomethacin. Nine
      patients in the Indomethacin group and one in the Piroxicam group dropped-out.
      Both drugs safety resulted good in the patients who completed the study, whereas
      5 out of 10 dropped-out patients stopped the trial in consequence of severe side
      effects of Indomethacin. Piroxicam induced a very good improvement in 76% of the
      patients, moderate in 19% and no improvement in 5%; Indomethacin induced a very
      good improvement in 75% of the patients, moderate in 15% and no improvement in
      10%. No significative modifications resulted from the control of the laboratory
      blood tests. Piroxicam (30 mg/die) showed a therapeutic activity similar to
      Indomethacin (100 mg/die). The rectal administration of Piroxicam can be then
      considered a very good alternative to the oral one, particularly in the patients
      in which oral use of NSAID is counter-indicated.

PMID- 6374503
TI  - [Pseudohypoparathyroidism associated with hyperaldosteronism and polyglobulia].
AB  - A new case of familial PHP, associated with polyglobulia and biochemical
      parameters of hyperaldosteronism has been described. This association represents
      a very rare entity. PHP has been documented by the common tests and the
      unresponsiveness of AMPc to PTH. The poliglobulia , which appears after a period
      of severe anaemia, needs now periodical blood subtraction; nevertheless a
      cerebral thrombosis with conseguent hemiparesis has recently occurred. The
      hyperaldosteronism has been documented by hypopotassiemia , a raised level of
      plasma aldosterone as well as suppressed plasma renin activity even after
      adequate stimulus.

PMID- 6374504
TI  - [Medico-social aspects of diseases of agricultural workers of Piedmont in the 2d
      half of the 19th century. I].

PMID- 6374505
TI  - [Medico-social aspects of the diseases of Piedmont agricultural workers during
      the second half of the 19th century. II].

PMID- 6374506
TI  - [Clinical significance of anomalies of renin secretion in arterial hypertension].
AB  - Aim of the present investigation is to define the clinical meaning of disorders
      in renin secretion in the field of vascular hypertensive diseases. In view of
      this scope, we report the results of a retrospective study on the levels of
      plasma renin activity assayed in renal veins, aorta and peripheral vein of 124
      hypertensive, angiographically studied for a diagnostic work-up. The behavior of
      renal vein renin has been related to epidemiologic, clinical and etiopathogenetic
      factors. Results indicate that disorders in renin secretion occur in every type
      of arterial hypertension. However, some disorders are prevalent in a determined
      type of hypertensive disease. The incidence of disorders in renin secretion is
      different in relation to sex, age and duration of hypertension. Hypersecretion is
      prevalent in men and young hypertensives, while hyposecretion of renin is more
      frequent in the oldest hypertensive patients. Vascular damage is prevalent in men
      and young hypertensives, while hyposecretion of renin is more frequent in the
      oldest hypertensive patients. Vascular damage is prevalent in renin hyposecretive
      hypertensives. Hypersecretion and lateralization in renin release can be mainly
      encountered in the renovascular type of hypertension and, less frequently, in
      unilateral nephroparenchymal hypertension. However, totally lateralized
      hypersecretion can be detected even in essential hypertensive patients suggesting
      the possibility of false positives for the diagnosis of renovascular
      hypertension.

PMID- 6374507
TI  - [Medico-social aspects of diseases of the Piedmont agricultural workers in the
      second half of the 19th century. III].

PMID- 6374508
TI  - [A page from the history of progenital herpes].

PMID- 6374509
TI  - [Update on the subject of trophism and liver regeneration].
AB  - Present knowledge of hepatic trophism and regeneration after partial resection of
      the parenchyma is reviewed. The importance of the various factors influencing
      hepatic regeneration (so-called hepatotrophic factors) is stressed by examining
      the most interesting data reported in the literature. In particular, an attempt
      is made to classify such factors according to their origin (e.g. hepatic or extra
      hepatic) and specificity of action. A brief discussion of the clinical
      implications of this research and current treatment for acute and chronic hepatic
      insufficiency, with particular reference to the latest surgical techniques,
      closes the paper.

PMID- 6374510
TI  - [Biopsy and stereotaxic radiotherapy of cerebral gliomas].
AB  - The Authors report their experience on a series of 125 patients that underwent
      stereotactic biopsy. The procedure has proved reliable and almost risk -free. The
      diagnosis obtained from the bioptic specimen by smear technique-cytological
      examination and by paraffin embedding-histological examination are compared.
      Neuropathologic data were also checked by the examination of the tumor bulk in
      cases that underwent surgical removal or autoptic verification. The preliminary
      results obtained in 8 patients with the new technique of external stereotactic
      irradiation by means of a linear accelerator are also shown.

PMID- 6374511
TI  - Serotyping and bacteriophage typing of group B streptococci.
AB  - Three hundred and eighty-two human streptococcal strains of serogroup B,
      collected from different sources and from different parts of Norway have been
      serotyped and phagetyped . The results of serotyping show a predominance of
      serotype Ia; 150 strains belonged to this type. Only 32 strains belonged to
      serotype III, a serotype well-known as the dominating cause of neonatal
      septicemia and meningitis (11, 23). The other serotypes were evenly represented.
      The phagetyping was performed by the procedure and with phages described by
      Stringer (19). The strains were lysed by phages at a frequency of 70%. A total of
      145 strains (38%) was lysed by one or two phages, while 124 strains (32%) were
      typable by different phage patterns. When combined with serotyping, phagetyping
      of group B streptococci is an important tool in characterizing these microbes for
      epidemiological and other purposes.

PMID- 6374512
TI  - Concurrent visualization of choline acetyltransferase-like immunoreactivity and
      retrograde transport of neocortically injected markers in basal forebrain neurons
      of cat and rat.
AB  - Magnocellular neurons in the basal forebrain of rats and cats were retrogradely
      labeled with Fast Blue or horseradish peroxidase injected into the neocortex.
      Using antisera against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) a direct double-labeling
      technique was carried out and it was demonstrated that retrogradely transported
      markers and ChAT-like immunoreactivity occur within the same neurons. These
      findings strongly support the cholinergic nature of basal forebrain projection to
      the neocortex.

PMID- 6374513
TI  - Visual and auditory pathways contain cholecystokinin: evidence from
      immunofluorescence and retrograde tracing.
AB  - The distribution of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the visual and auditory systems of
      the rat was studied with combined immunofluorescence and fluorescence retrograde
      tracing techniques. Double-labeled projection neurons in the pathway from the
      dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus to area 17 of visual cortex, and from the
      superior olive to the inferior colliculus demonstrated the presence of CCK
      containing pathways in the ascending visual and auditory systems. Thus, CCK can
      be viewed as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator candidate in ascending sensory
      systems.

PMID- 6374514
TI  - Proctolin-related material in the mouse brain as revealed by
      immunohistochemistry.
AB  - By use of a specific antiserum against the insect peptide proctolin we were able
      to identify proctolin-immunoreactive neurons in the mouse brain. These nerve
      cells belong to the nuc. mesencephalicus n. trigemini. Furthermore, the antiserum
      stained very few nerve fibers with varicosities in the immediate neighborhood of
      the roof of the third ventricle. The chemical identity of the immunoreactive
      material with genuine proctolin remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 6374515
TI  - Isolation and immunohistochemical localization of a cerebellar protein.
AB  - Our previous report described that a protein called spot 35 is found in the
      cerebellar cytosol of adult rats by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. In this
      paper we isolated this protein from the soluble fraction of bovine and rat
      cerebella and then prepared an antiserum against the bovine protein. This protein
      shows pI around 5.3 and Mr around 27 kdalton. Determination of the amino acid
      composition of this protein shows high glutamic acid, aspartic acid and leucine
      contents. Using the antiserum we examined the immunohistochemical localization of
      this protein by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Purkinje cells, their
      dendrites and axons were immunohistochemically stained in the cerebella of adult
      rats, rabbits and humans. Other cells, such as granule cells and glial cells, and
      myelin did not react to the antiserum.

PMID- 6374516
TI  - Morphological details of the projection from the presubiculum to the entorhinal
      area as shown with the novel PHA-L immunohistochemical tracing method in the rat.
AB  - Iontophoretic injections of the lectin, phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA
      L) were made into the presubiculum of rats. The anterogradely transported lectin
      was visualized by using an anti-PHA-L antibody in combination with
      immunohistochemistry. The PHA-L tracing method revealed morphological details of
      the projection of the presubiculum to the ipsi- and contralateral medial
      entorhinal area usually not seen with other anterograde transport techniques.
      Fine varicose fibers form a dense terminal plexus in the deep parts of layer III.
      In layer II and deep layer I, the fibers form column-like axonal bundles,
      terminating in patches in the deep part of layer I. Some fibers reach the outer
      three layers of the entorhinal area (EA) from collaterals of axons running in the
      molecular layer, while a majority enter from the deep layers.

PMID- 6374517
TI  - Failure of plasma membranes of astrocytes in primary culture to insert exogenous
      ganglioside GM1.
AB  - Primary cultures of astrocytes derived from newborn rat brain cerebral
      hemispheres did not incorporate ganglioside GM1 into their plasma membranes when
      cultured in a medium containing the added ganglioside. This finding suggests that
      the function and/or structure of the astrocyte cell membrane differs from that of
      the neuron and oligodendroglia cell.

PMID- 6374518
TI  - Mucosal barrier functions.

PMID- 6374519
TI  - Immunological mechanisms of food sensitivity.

PMID- 6374520
TI  - Diagnostic procedures for immunologically-mediated food sensitivity.

PMID- 6374521
TI  - Developmental aspects of food sensitivity in childhood.

PMID- 6374522
TI  - Nutrient and drug interactions.

PMID- 6374524
TI  - Transient hypernickelemia following delivery.

PMID- 6374523
TI  - Unpredictability and variability of parenteral fat emulsion tolerance in
      neonates.

PMID- 6374525
TI  - Adipocyte sizes and numbers in lean and obese subjects.

PMID- 6374526
TI  - Vitamin A deficiency and iron nutriture.

PMID- 6374528
TI  - Let us all to meditation.

PMID- 6374527
TI  - Quantity and type of dietary fat influence liver synthesis of bile salts.

PMID- 6374529
TI  - The development of occupational health nursing.

PMID- 6374530
TI  - Ohrwall, Henning and von Skramlik; the foundations of the four primary positions
      in taste.

PMID- 6374531
TI  - Neural systems and the inhibitory modulation of agonistic behavior: a comparison
      of mammalian species.
AB  - The olfactory bulb, lateral septum, medial accumbens, medial hypothalamus, dorsal
      and median raphe, and amygdala are known from experiments in rats to participate
      in the inhibitory modulation of defensiveness and predation but not social
      aggression. The present paper surveys the influence of these structures in the
      inhibitory control of these same dimensions of agonistic behavior in other
      species. The existing evidence suggests that lesions in the lateral septum,
      medial accumbens, medial hypothalamus, or the dorsal and median raphe (or PCPA
      induced depletion or serotonin) induce hyperreactivity to the experimenter in
      mice, rats, cats, dogs, and humans in every instance where they have been tested
      with one exception. The exception is that lesions in the medial hypothalamus of
      mice do not induce heightened reactivity. The same lesions do not cause this
      dramatic increase in reactivity to the experimenter in gerbils, hamsters, guinea
      pigs, or rabbits but do heighten some other species typical patterns of
      defensiveness such as alarm calls and avoidance of contact with conspecifics.
      Lesions in these same areas in monkeys have not been observed to heighten
      defensive behaviors. Predatory killing or killing of young conspecifics has been
      observed in hamsters, mice, rats, and cats in every instance where they have been
      examined following lesions of the olfactory bulbs, lateral septum, medial
      accumbens, medial hypothalamus, or the dorsal and median raphe nuclei (or PCPA
      induced depletion of serotonin). Social aggression has been decreased with these
      same lesions in each case where they have been examined except for septal lesions
      in hamsters which have been reported to heighten social aggression. Across
      species, the consistency with which lesions of the olfactory region, lateral
      septum, medial accumbens, medial hypothalamus, and dorsal and median raphe nuclei
      alter defensiveness and predation but not social aggression supports the
      inference that neural systems exist which subserve the inhibitory modulation of
      these dimensions of behavior. Finally, the evidence that the disruption of
      functioning within these structures in humans results in increased agonistic
      responses to environmental stimuli serves to further establish the important role
      of this neural circuitry in the normal inhibitory modulation of agonistic
      behavior in humans.

PMID- 6374532
TI  - Living-related renal transplantation: Wellington experience.
AB  - Living-related renal transplantation as treatment for end-stage renal failure has
      not been used widely in Australasia. The results of such treatment in 31 patients
      at Wellington Hospital are described. The five year graft survival of 80.2%
      encourages us to continue with an active policy of living related
      transplantation.

PMID- 6374534
TI  - Linnaeus--physician and king of flowers.

PMID- 6374533
TI  - Comparison of single dose netilmicin with a five-day course of co-trimoxazole for
      uncomplicated urinary tract infections.
AB  - Women with uncomplicated urinary tract infections were randomly allocated to
      either a single 150 mg intramuscular dose of netilmicin or a standard five-day
      course of oral co-trimoxazole. Twenty-one of 22 were cured with netilmicin and
      all 20 with co-trimoxazole. No patient treated with netilmicin developed any side
      effects or obvious toxicity. Following co-trimoxazole one woman developed a
      severe skin rash and another nausea. Netilmicin is another drug which is highly
      effective when used in a single dose regimen for the treatment of uncomplicated
      urinary tract infections. There are many advantages of this approach to the
      management of a common clinical problem.

PMID- 6374535
TI  - The polymicrobial nature of oropharyngeal thrush.

PMID- 6374536
TI  - Detection of malignant ovarian neoplasms: a review of the literature. I.
      Detection of the patient at risk; clinical, radiological and cytological
      detection.
AB  - Risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer are summarized in Table 1. Calculation
      of ovulation-years appears to be a potentially useful and practical method for
      identification of the high-risk individual. Risk factors for nonepithelial
      ovarian cancer are largely unknown, and consequently clinical diagnosis is
      stressed in the early detection of these tumors. Patients with Peutz-Jeghers
      syndrome or ovarian dysgenesis are significantly at risk and require at least
      regular pelvic examination. Of course, individuals with sexual precocity are at
      high risk for sex cord/stromal or germ cell malignancies. Individuals with a
      family history of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors and benign thyroid disease also
      deserve close observation. Early clinical detection requires a sensitivity to
      presenting symptomatology (e.g., diffuse abdominopelvic complaints) as well as
      the skill and knowledge needed to recognize and appropriately manage adnexal
      masses. Harbingers of ovarian malignancy in the elderly woman, including
      unexplained hypercalcemia, new onset dermatomyositis, and cerebellar
      degeneration, should motivate thorough gynecologic evaluation. While radionuclide
      ovarian imaging for detection of early epithelial cancers of the ovary may become
      more generally available in the future, ultrasound imaging of the postmenopausal
      ovary, and peritoneal cytology may be of immediate value in screening high-risk
      women.

PMID- 6374537
TI  - The minimum effective dose of estrogen for prevention of postmenopausal bone
      loss.
AB  - In a controlled single blind study to determine the minimal effective dose of
      estrogen for protection against bone loss, conjugated equine estrogens in doses
      of 0.625 and 1.25 mg per day were equally effective in reducing bone loss in
      postmenopausal and oophorectomized women when bone mass was estimated by single
      photon absorptiometry or radiogrammetry . Daily dose levels of less than 0.625 mg
      were essentially ineffective. Fifty percent response level was calculated to be
      0.45 mg per day. Concomitant biochemical effects, reduction in urine calcium and
      hydroxyproline, were compatible with the observed effects on bone mineral.

PMID- 6374538
TI  - Gestational diabetes and screening during pregnancy.
AB  - The oral glucose tolerance test is an unreliable test in screening for
      diabetogenic fetal disease. In diabetogenic fetopathy due to gestational diabetes
      (White class A diabetes), the insulin content in the umbilical cord blood as well
      as in the fetal urine is considerably raised. As increased amounts of insulin
      pass into the amniotic fluid via the fetal urine, the fetal disease can be
      diagnosed from the amniotic fluid insulin content. In 75 pregnant women with
      potential diabetes, the blood sugar value was below 160 mg/dL at maximum under
      glucose loading in 28 patients; it was over 200 mg/dL in 25 patients. However,
      diabetogenic fetopathy was present in only 14 patients. The endangered and the
      healthy fetus could be distinguished in each case by amniotic fluid insulin
      content. The mean amniotic fluid insulin values in diabetogenic fetopathy were
      about seven times the normal.

PMID- 6374539
TI  - Comparison of irrigation and intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis at cesarean
      section.
AB  - Despite recent enthusiasm for antibiotic prophylaxis by uterine irrigation at the
      time of cesarean section, no data exists comparing the efficacy of this technique
      with standard intravenous antibiotic administration. Therefore, 124 patients
      about to undergo cesarean section were entered into a prospective, randomized,
      double-blind evaluation of uterine irrigation versus intravenous administration
      of either normal saline or cefoxitin. All women were considered to be at
      increased risk for postoperative infection because of the presence of labor or
      ruptured membranes. The incidence of endometritis and the fever index in patients
      receiving intravenous cefoxitin (3.2%, 4.6 degree hours) was significantly less
      than in patients receiving intravenous normal saline (21.2%, 22.3 degree hours).
      There was no significant difference between the use of intravenous normal saline
      and uterine irrigation with either cefoxitin (18.9%, 16.6 degree hours) or normal
      saline (17.4%, 24.6 degree hours). These results suggest that intravenous
      infusion is the most effective means of administering cefoxitin as a prophylactic
      antibiotic.

PMID- 6374540
TI  - Recurrent streptococcal cellulitis complicating radical hysterectomy and
      radiation therapy.
AB  - Reported is a rare complication of radical hysterectomy and radiation therapy,
      recurrent streptococcal cellulitis. Two patients had 14 episodes over a nine-year
      period, characterized by high fever and systemic toxicity. The streptococcal
      cellulitis was atypical in its presentation and its causative organism. The rash
      was bilateral in patches, flat, irregular in outline, and without induration. The
      causative microorganisms, a group B and G streptococcus, were isolated from blood
      and skin cultures. Therapy in such patients may have to be prolonged because of
      the alterations in normal anatomy resulting from surgery and radiation.

PMID- 6374541
TI  - Mefenamic acid, ibuprofen, and dysmenorrhea.

PMID- 6374542
TI  - [The function of microdissected segmental cells of the submandibular gland of
      rats. I. A microdissection technic for the submandibular gland and morphological
      characteristics of microdissected segmental cells of rats].

PMID- 6374543
TI  - [Basic studies on the accuracy of dental casts].

PMID- 6374544
TI  - [A rare case of an anomaly of the origin and course of the brachiocephalic
      trunk].

PMID- 6374545
TI  - [The influence of the correction of the coronal axis by cast dowel core to the
      abutment teeth and alveolar bone. 2-dimensional photoelastic stress analysis].

PMID- 6374546
TI  - [Repair of the fractured tooth using a composite resin adhesive].

PMID- 6374548
TI  - What's in store for Medicare?

PMID- 6374547
TI  - [Wettability of porcelain-nonprecious metal systems].

PMID- 6374549
TI  - Depression in the elderly.

PMID- 6374550
TI  - [Occurrence, metastasis and natural course of malignant treated and untreated
      tumors in patients over 70].

PMID- 6374551
TI  - [Immunocompetence and old age].

PMID- 6374552
TI  - [Geriatric aspects of oncology].

PMID- 6374553
TI  - [Remarks on the physiology and physiopathology of aging].

PMID- 6374554
TI  - [Sickness in old age--subjugation or conquest].

PMID- 6374555
TI  - [Trends in care for the aged].

PMID- 6374556
TI  - The problem of permanent bone marrow damage after cytotoxic drug treatment.
AB  - The majority of cytotoxic drugs exert a dose-dependent injury to the hemopoietic
      bone marrow. In experimental systems, two different types of damage to the
      hemopoietic stem cell compartments have been demonstrated to occur following
      cytotoxic drug exposure. First, a reversible reduction of the size of these stem
      cell compartments; recovery of compartment size results from a transiently
      increased proliferative activity of those stem cells surviving the cytotoxic drug
      exposure. Second, irreversibly decreased proliferative potential of pluripotent
      stem cells has been observed after some cytotoxic agents. Experimental evidence
      indicates that such permanent stem cell damage may lead to the failure of the
      hemopoietic bone marrow to produce sufficient numbers of blood cells. There are
      indications that a similar permanent damage to the hemopoietic system may occur
      in man following repeated exposure to at least some cytotoxic agents.

PMID- 6374557
TI  - Chairside provisional removable prosthodontics.

PMID- 6374558
TI  - Current dental materials. Part 3: Composite resins.

PMID- 6374559
TI  - Full or partial coverage--an aesthetic and functional dilemma.

PMID- 6374560
TI  - Compensating for thermally caused dimensional changes in the cryolathe.
AB  - Dimensional changes in the Barraquer cryolathe , resulting from contraction due
      to refrigeration, can exert a considerable effect on the dimensions of the lathed
      lenticule . We have devised a simple technique for re- zeroing the cryolathe
      after freezing. This procedure negates the effects of the dimensional changes and
      thereby improves the accuracy of shaping the lenticules .

PMID- 6374561
TI  - Aqueous hyposecretion after penetrating keratoplasty.
AB  - Following penetrating keratoplasty, aqueous hyposecretion results in marked
      thickening of the cornea identical to that seen when the donor endothelium is
      unsatisfactory. The lack of secretion is accompanied by hypotony, and the
      persistence of fluorescein in the anterior chamber can be measured by
      fluorophotometry or observed clinically 24 hours after the instillation of
      topical fluorescein. An eye with aqueous hyposecretion will usually recover in
      seven to ten days, and additional surgery is not only unnecessary, but harmful to
      an already damaged eye. However, poor donor tissue can often be replaced promptly
      and successfully with repeated penetrating keratoplasty. Therefore, clinical
      differentiation of these conditions is important in management decisions.

PMID- 6374562
TI  - A comparison of the effect of flurbiprofen, dexamethasone, and placebo on
      cyclocryotherapy-induced inflammation.
AB  - A double-blind study was performed to compare the effects of a placebo, a topical
      corticosteroid, and a topical non-steroidal prostaglandin inhibitor on the
      inflammation and the course of intraocular pressure that follows
      cyclocryotherapy. Flurbiprofen 0.03%, dexamethasone phosphate 0.1%, and a sterile
      vehicle placebo were used both pre and postoperatively. Less anterior chamber
      flare was seen in flurbiprofen-treated eyes than those receiving placebo, but
      only at four weeks after surgery. More erythema was seen in flurbiprofen-treated
      eyes than in those receiving dexamethasone. Significance was approached showing
      more anterior chamber cells in placebo-treated eyes than in steroid-treated eyes.
      Cyclocryotherapy produces inflammation which is difficult to control with
      topically administered medications.

PMID- 6374563
TI  - Herpesvirus infection of cornea allografts.
AB  - This report describes three patients who have in common an occurrence of ocular
      epithelial herpes infection following a penetrating keratoplasty for a corneal
      opacity unrelated to herpesvirus infection. It may be that patients undergoing
      episodes of graft rejection are at increased risk for the reactivation of
      herpesvirus latent in the trigeminal ganglia, and corticosteroids should be used
      with this in mind. Because virtually all adults have been exposed to herpes and
      therefore harbor latent virus, a viral etiology should be considered for lesions
      in post-penetrating keratoplasty patients. Although the occurrence of this
      possibly rejection-related reactivation of herpes simplex virus is undoubtedly
      rare, management of potential cases of this nature should take this possibility
      into account.

PMID- 6374564
TI  - The application of numerical taxonomy in the classification of staphylococci from
      bovine milk.
AB  - One-hundred-and-two isolates of staphylococci from bovine milk were each
      subjected to a battery of 19 different tests. With the application of numerical
      taxonomy these isolates could be classified into 1 genus and 3 different species.
      Although the majority of the coagulase negative organisms were grouped as 1
      species, the biochemical differences within this group indicated that they should
      belong to at least 2 species. About 50% of these isolates could be designated
      Staphylococcus epidermidis. Possibly because of the small number of tests, a
      finer division into different species could not be made.

PMID- 6374565
TI  - The Core-Vent implant system.

PMID- 6374566
TI  - The hydrodynamic impression technique.

PMID- 6374567
TI  - An overview of composites.

PMID- 6374568
TI  - The collarless ceramo-metal restoration.

PMID- 6374569
TI  - Vascular considerations in orthognathic surgery. II. Maxillary osteotomies.
AB  - In this article vascular considerations for orthognathic procedures in the
      maxilla will be discussed. Specific topics to be included are as follows: (1)
      What are the potential sequelae from vascular compromise? (2) What is the normal
      vascular supply to the maxilla? (3) What recommendations are there for minimizing
      avascular sequelae in maxillary surgery? (4) What does one do when significant
      avascular sequelae occur? It is the intent of this article to help the
      orthognathic surgeon reduce the potential for avascular complications when
      performing the various maxillary osteotomies and ostectomies via a better
      appreciation for the important subtleties of surgical technique.

PMID- 6374570
TI  - Direct measurement of hepatitis B viral antibody and antigen markers in gingival
      crevicular fluid.
AB  - Radioimmunoassay analyses of serum are widely performed to monitor the incidence
      of hepatitis B virus infection. As an alternative to serum analyses, the authors
      have explored the feasibility of using gingival crevicular fluid for the
      detection and quantitation of hepatitis B viral immunologic markers. The results
      of the study demonstrate that the hepatitis B surface antigen can be easily
      quantified in gingival fluid. Confirmation of the presence of the hepatitis B e
      antigen can also be made, but this is more difficult because of the small amounts
      of gingival fluid currently being assayed. Antibody to the hepatitis B surface
      antigen can be quantitated in high-titered persons.

PMID- 6374571
TI  - Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of salivary glands.
AB  - Four cases of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of salivary gland origin are
      presented and discussed. The mean age of these four patients was 68 years, with
      an age range of 51 to 78 years. Three of the patients were women, and one was a
      man. This article emphasizes the light microscopic, histochemical, and
      ultrastructural features of the neoplasm. Electron microscopic examination of
      glutaraldehyde-fixed fresh tissue and previously formalin-fixed tissue reveals
      that the characteristic clear cytoplasm of abluminal cells is caused, in part, by
      glycogen storage granules and the paucity of organelles but largely by an
      artifact of fixation.

PMID- 6374572
TI  - Acute fractures and dislocations of the carpus.
AB  - In this article, the diagnosis and treatment of acute carpal fractures and
      dislocations are discussed. The techniques of securing and maintaining proper
      reduction are emphasized. The management of the complications of carpal injuries
      is also discussed.

PMID- 6374573
TI  - Lead content in food in Japan in the early 1980's with the estimation of its
      daily intake.

PMID- 6374574
TI  - [Endre Mester, M.D., (1903-1984)].

PMID- 6374575
TI  - [Simulated feeding in the control of results of selective vagotomy].

PMID- 6374576
TI  - [Remembering Geza Hetenyi].

PMID- 6374577
TI  - [Revolutionary changes in medicine at the beginning of the 19th century].

PMID- 6374578
TI  - [Talmudic traditions in Hungarian].

PMID- 6374579
TI  - Women in medicine--1878-1987.

PMID- 6374580
TI  - Pediatric intensive care nursing takes special nursing giving special care - a
      bond is formed between child and nurse.

PMID- 6374581
TI  - Obituary for Dr. Frederick W.L. Kerr.

PMID- 6374582
TI  - A functional study of the hypophysis-testis axis in chronic non-cirrhotic
      alcoholics.

PMID- 6374583
TI  - [Experimental study of the participation of gamasid mites and fleas in
      circulating the tick-borne encephalitis virus (a review)].
AB  - The paper presents analysis of literary data on experimental infection of 11
      species of gamasid mites and 10 species of fleas with tick-borne encephalitis
      virus (TE) and experiments on transmission of the virus to animals by 9 species
      of gamasids and 14 species of fleas. Nearly all investigated species can perceive
      the virus, preserve it from some hours to two months and transmit it to animals
      within a period of 24 hours to two months after experimental infection. The fact
      of transmission of the virus to animals was established by the presence of
      recipients in the brain or by the presence of antibodies. To settle the question
      of the possible participation of gamasids and fleas in the circulation of the
      virus TE in nature threshold doses of the virus for infection of mites and fleas
      of different species, mechanism of transmission of the virus to animals by
      gamasid mites, facultative haematophags , titers and terms of virusemia in
      animals which obtained the virus from gamasid mites or fleas should be
      established.

PMID- 6374584
TI  - [Role of academician Evgenii Nikanorovich Pavlovskii in the formation and
      development of parasitology in the USSR (on the centenary of his birth)].

PMID- 6374585
TI  - [Integrated vector control methods and the threat of dengue hemorrhagic fever in
      the tropical zone of the Pacific Ocean].
AB  - Together with a story of the author's earliest visit to Leningrad and first
      meeting with the late Academician E. N. Pavlovsky , this contribution outlines
      subsequent developments concerning innovative approaches to the control of
      Culicidae of medical importance, with particular attention to a major field trial
      on the atoll of Funafuti , Tuvalu .

PMID- 6374586
TI  - Postoperative pain relief through relaxation in elderly patients with fractured
      hips.

PMID- 6374587
TI  - Etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The concept that diabetes mellitus is not a single disease. but rather a clinical
      syndrome characterized by inappropriately elevated fasting or post-prandial blood
      glucoses and the development of long-term microvascular, macrovascular, and
      neuropathic changes is of very recent origin and stems from numerous
      investigations into the epidemiology, genetics, etiology, and pathogenesis of
      clinical diabetic states. This article reviews some of these data and indicates
      that the various forms of diabetes mellitus have markedly different etiologies
      and pathogenetic mechanisms and that these must be recognized in order to
      understand and care for patients.

PMID- 6374588
TI  - Growth and maturation of children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - By plotting and evaluating height and weight measurements of children with
      diabetes on the Iowa Growth Chart, the authors have found that children with
      diabetes under their care who maintained relatively high degrees of metabolic
      control had normal growth patterns and that only children in lower degrees of
      control failed to grow at normal rate and had delayed maturation.

PMID- 6374589
TI  - Skeletal and joint manifestations of childhood diabetes.
AB  - The rheumatologic and skeletal manifestations of childhood diabetes have only
      recently been appreciated. This article reviews bone loss (osteopenia) in this
      population, and the differential diagnosis of the limited joint mobility commonly
      found in insulin-dependent diabetes in childhood.

PMID- 6374590
TI  - Glycosylation of proteins: its implications in diabetic control and
      complications.
AB  - The author shows that nonenzymic glucosylation of proteins can modify the
      structure and function of proteins isolated from non-insulin-dependent tissues
      and that these glucosylated proteins, whose normal functions have been altered or
      removed, may be related to diabetes and some of its sequelae.

PMID- 6374591
TI  - Diabetic nephropathy.
AB  - It is estimated that about 50 per cent of all patients with Type I diabetes
      mellitus develop uremia during the course of their disease. Glomerular
      microvasculopathy is the most serious and predictable threat to longevity.
      Following a discussion of this disorder, the author outlines a plan for overall
      management of each phase of kidney disease so that the patient, his or her
      family, and all members of the medical team can achieve an understanding of what
      can be anticipated and accomplished.

PMID- 6374592
TI  - Juvenile diabetes and the heart.
AB  - This article reviews the clinical features of heart disease in the diabetic in
      three categories: (1) coronary atherosclerosis (CAD), (2) autonomic neuropathy,
      and (3) cardiomyopathy. Particular attention is given to current methods of
      noninvasive assessment of cardiac function in juvenile diabetics.

PMID- 6374593
TI  - Allergy to insulin.
AB  - Allergy to insulin occurs in nearly all insulin-treated patients, is a clinical
      problem in about 15 per cent of patients, and can be life-threatening in 0.1 to
      0.2 per cent of patients. This article summarizes the clinical expression of
      insulin allergy and reviews some aspects that contribute to our understanding and
      therapy of this allergy.

PMID- 6374594
TI  - Implications of psychological and family factors in the treatment of diabetes.
AB  - The authors delineate and discuss in detail those psychological and familial
      factors that have implications in treatment and in fostering the optimal
      emotional and physical health of children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6374595
TI  - Insulin infusion pump treatment of Type I diabetes.
AB  - This article examines the background studies that led to the use of portable
      infusion pumps for continuous administration of insulin and considers the
      applicability of pump treatment in current pediatric practice.

PMID- 6374596
TI  - Ultrasound in the evaluation of hypoxic-ischemic injury and intracranial
      hemorrhage in neonates: the state of the art.
AB  - The ultrasonic diagnosis of hypoxic-ischemic injury and intracranial hemorrhage
      in neonates is reviewed. The technical and pertinent anatomical data are
      presented. The need to diagnose parenchymal lesions is emphasized. A sonographic
      classification as well as current recommendations for evaluation of intracranial
      contents in neonates suspected of hypoxic-ischemic injury and/or hemorrhage are
      presented.

PMID- 6374597
TI  - Studies of short-term pulmonary and peripheral vascular responses induced in
      oophorectomized sheep by the infusion of a group B streptococcal extract.
AB  - Short-term (0-30 min) pulmonary and systemic vascular responses of
      oophorectomized ewes infused intravenously with a trichloroacetic acid (TCA)
      extract of a type III (strain 878) group B streptococcus (GBS) were studied. TCA
      878 extract induced significant pulmonary hypertension, reduction in femoral
      artery pressure and reduced femoral artery PO2. These responses were similar to
      those observed after the infusion of sublethal doses of E. coli endotoxin and
      could be prevented by priming the animal with ibuprofen or indomethacin. Ewes
      rechallenged 48 h after their initial dose of TCA-878 extract experienced
      pulmonary arterial pressure significantly higher than those induced by the first
      infusion. Similar augmented responses were not seen after rechallenge with
      endotoxin. Larger doses of TCA-878 extract resulted in increasingly higher
      pulmonary arterial pressure. We conclude that the venous infusion of TCA extracts
      of GBS-878 induces significant pulmonary hypertension in sheep and that this
      response may be mediated by prostaglandins. The vasoactive substance extracted
      from these streptococci could play a role in promoting the vascular instability
      experienced by the human neonate with early onset GBS disease.

PMID- 6374598
TI  - Marital adjustment to chronic childhood illness: a critique of the literature.
AB  - Thirty-four studies of marital adjustment were selected from the literature on
      family adjustment to chronic childhood illness. Studies were reviewed to
      determine whether divorce rates were elevated or marital adjustment was poorer
      compared with that of families of healthy children. Of 23 studies reporting
      divorce rates, only six used a group of families without a chronically ill child
      for comparison. These studies showed no significant differences in the divorce
      rates between groups. Of 23 studies of marital adjustment, 83% investigated
      marital distress. Four of seven studies with comparison groups showed that
      marital distress was increased in parents of chronically ill children. Other
      areas of marital adjustment, such as communication, decision-making, and role
      flexibility, have received almost no attention by researchers. It is questioned
      whether divorce or distress is an adequate indicator of marital adjustment in
      general. Further studies are needed to understand the relationships between
      divorce, distress, and other important areas of marital adjustment to chronic
      childhood illness.

PMID- 6374599
TI  - Effects of diarrhea associated with specific enteropathogens on the growth of
      children in rural Bangladesh.
AB  - Village-based surveillance data from longitudinal studies in rural Bangladesh
      have been used to evaluate the nutritional consequences of infectious diseases,
      including diarrhea due to specific pathogens. The prevalences of specific
      illnesses were related to the ponderal and linear growth of young children for 2
      month and 1-year periods. Of the common illnesses, only diarrhea had a
      significant inverse relationship with increments of weight during 2-month periods
      and of length during 1 year. Diarrhea accounted for 20% of the difference in
      linear growth between the study children and the international reference
      population during the first 5 years of life. Diarrhea associated with
      enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli had a significant negative effect on the
      bimonthly weight gain of children in this community and shigellosis had the
      strongest negative effect on bimonthly and annual linear growth. Control of
      diarrhea due to enterotoxigenic E coli and Shigella would not only substantially
      diminish diarrheal morbidity but would also improve the growth of children and
      thereby reduce the prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition.

PMID- 6374600
TI  - Use of visual training for reading disabilities: a review.
AB  - Visual training continues to be used as a remediation technique for reading
      disabilities despite consistent evidence that it does not provide effective
      treatment. A review of the ophthalmologic, optometric, and psychological
      literature relating to the assumption that a relationship exists between reading
      failure and perceptual ability has found no evidence to support this assumption.

PMID- 6374601
TI  - [Endocrine dysfunctions in newborn infants during the period of adaptation].

PMID- 6374602
TI  - [Vesico-ureteral reflux in children].

PMID- 6374603
TI  - [Multifactorial evaluation of the risk of developing diseases in children].

PMID- 6374604
TI  - French without fears: Denis Diderot.

PMID- 6374605
TI  - Of rats and infants and necrotizing enterocolitis.

PMID- 6374606
TI  - Benjamin Franklin as a psychotherapist: a forerunner of brief psychotherapy.

PMID- 6374608
TI  - A critical review of the concept of stress in psychosomatic medicine.

PMID- 6374607
TI  - Intravenously administered lecithin liposomes: a synthetic antiatherogenic lipid
      particle.

PMID- 6374609
TI  - A polyphyletic view of evolution: the genetic potential hypothesis.

PMID- 6374610
TI  - Oral controlled release dosage forms. A review.
AB  - When a drug meets the criteria which make incorporation into a controlled release
      dosage form rational, a proper dosage form has to be selected. Oral controlled
      release products, available on the Dutch market, are referred to in discussing
      the various methods used to control drug release by galenical means in order to
      achieve a prolonged therapeutic effect. The effects of some physiological
      variables of the alimentary tract on drug delivery from the various dosage forms,
      especially with regard to formulation and design, are reviewed.

PMID- 6374611
TI  - Evaluation of five immunological methods for the assay of serum netilmicin.
AB  - Three specific immunological methods for the determination of netilmicin and two
      enzyme immunoassays for gentamicin were compared for assaying serum netilmicin.
      The commercial kits we used were Radioimmunoassay (RIA), Substrate Labelled
      Fluorescence Immunoassay (gentamicin) ( SLFIA ), Homogeneous Enzyme Immunoassay
      (gentamicin and netilmicin) (EMIT) and Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay (
      FPIA ). After analysing spiked calf serum samples in the range of 0-15.8 mg X 1(
      1) netilmicin, extensive statistical analysis was performed. The Performance
      Index was used to qualify the different methods. Results show that the SLFIA
      (gentamicin) kit is a very acceptable method for the determination of serum
      netilmicin levels, well comparable with the EMIT (gentamicin) kit and the EMIT
      (netilmicin) kit. FPIA and RIA require expensive specialized apparatus so it is
      only economically feasible when other drugs or substances are also determined on
      the same apparatus. The abilities and specific needs of each laboratory will play
      an important role in the choice of a method, because the tested kits are all
      within the range we need from a clinical point of view.

PMID- 6374612
TI  - Nursing student census with policy implications 1984.

PMID- 6374613
TI  - Associate degree nursing programs accredited by the NLN 1983-84.

PMID- 6374614
TI  - Practical nursing career 1983-84. Information about NLN-accredited schools of
      practical nursing.

PMID- 6374615
TI  - [Folling's disease: 50 years and still a catalyst of new discoveries in clinical
      medicine].

PMID- 6374616
TI  - Ovarian cysts in dairy cattle--some aspects of diagnosis, treatment with GnRH and
      HCG and subsequent milk progesterone values.
AB  - Ovarian cysts in 87 cows were treated with an intramuscular dose of 50 micrograms
      GnRH analog or 2500 IU HCG. Milk progesterone values were determined on day 0, 7
      and 10 post-treatment. The cows were divided into three progesterone profile
      categories: I: low--rising progesterone, II: continually low progesterone, III:
      initially high progesterone. Fertility was restored about equally in groups I and
      III. Cows in group II came into heat quickly but conceived poorly. HCG and GnRH
      were equally effective in restoring the fertility. It was difficult to evaluate
      the progesterone status of the cow with rectal examination. Vaginoscopy seemed to
      be a somewhat more reliable method.

PMID- 6374617
TI  - Secondary structure of mouse 28S rRNA and general model for the folding of the
      large rRNA in eukaryotes.
AB  - We present a secondary structure model for the entire sequence of mouse 28S rRNA
      (1) which is based on an extensive comparative analysis of the available
      eukaryotic sequences, i.e. yeast (2, 3), Physarum polycephalum (4), Xenopus
      laevis (5) and rat (6). It has been derived with close reference to the models
      previously proposed for yeast 26S rRNA (2) and for prokaryotic 23S rRNA (7-9).
      Examination of the recently published eukaryotic sequences confirms that all pro-
      and eukaryotic large rRNAs share a largely conserved secondary structure core, as
      already apparent from the previous analysis of yeast 26S rRNA (2). These new
      comparative data confirm most features of the yeast model (2). They also provide
      the basis for a few modifications and for new proposals which extend the
      boundaries of the common structural core (now representing about 85% of E. coli
      23S rRNA length) and bring new insights for tracing the structural evolution, in
      higher eukaryotes, of the domains which have no prokaryotic equivalent and are
      inserted at specific locations within the common structural core of the large
      subunit rRNA.

PMID- 6374618
TI  - The beta subunit of E. coli glycyl-tRNA synthetase plays a major role in tRNA
      recognition.
AB  - The contributions made by the alpha and beta subunits of E. coli glycyl-tRNA
      synthetase to the recognition of tRNA have been investigated via binding and
      immunological methods. Using the nitrocellulose filter assay, we have shown that
      isolated beta subunit, but not the alpha subunit, binds [14C]glycyl-tRNA with an
      affinity comparable to that of the native enzyme. Further, the data indicate that
      the beta subunit possesses one binding site for glycyl-tRNA while the native or
      reconstituted enzyme (alpha 2 beta 2) has two sites. Rabbit antibodies directed
      at the beta subunit or the holoenzyme inhibit efficiently the ability of the
      enzyme to aminoacylate tRNA while alpha-subunit antibodies have a smaller effect.
      Since none of the antisera have an appreciable effect on the ATP-PPi exchange
      activity of the enzyme under these conditions, the beta-subunit (and holoenzyme)
      antisera evidently interfere with productive tRNA binding. Taken together, the
      data indicate that the larger, beta subunit of glycyl-tRNA synthetase plays a
      major role in tRNA recognition.

PMID- 6374620
TI  - Oligonucleotide mutagenesis of the lacPUV5 promoter.
AB  - Synthetic oligonucleotides were used to introduce mutations into the lacPUV5
      promoter. Four mutations were obtained at positions -13, -14, and -15, with
      respect to the transcriptional start site. The effects of these mutations were
      measured in vivo and the results are discussed with respect to the consensus
      sequence and other promoter mutations located in this region.

PMID- 6374619
TI  - A computer algorithm for testing potential prokaryotic terminators.
AB  - The nucleotide sequences of 30 factor-independent terminators of transcription
      with RNA polymerase from E. coli have been compiled and analyzed. The standard
      features - a stretch of thymine residues and a preceding dyad symmetry - are
      shared by most sequences, but there are striking exceptions which indicate that
      these features alone are not sufficient to describe these sites. In two thirds of
      the sequences the 3'-half of the dyad symmetry contains the pentanucleotide CGGG
      (G/C) or a close derivative; about one third have TCTG or a close derivative just
      downstream of the termination point. The TCTG -box might be implied in
      termination of stringently controlled operons of E. coli. An algorithm to locate
      terminators in templates of known nucleotide sequence has been constructed on the
      basis of correlation to the distribution of dinucleotides along the aligned
      signal sequences. The algorithm has been tested on natural sequences of a total
      length of about 11,500 N. It finds all known independent terminators and only a
      few other sites, including some of the rho-dependent and putative terminators.

PMID- 6374621
TI  - The vampires of the Victoria.

PMID- 6374622
TI  - Holistic health. Seven. Homoeopathic medicine.

PMID- 6374623
TI  - Health promotion. Evolution of a concept.
AB  - An examination of the concept of health promotion provides insight into the
      origins and developmental milestones that have brought us to our current level of
      application in health care. It is our view that health promotion can occur at any
      point on the continuum of health and illness. Perhaps it is a semantic struggle
      that keeps us from movement toward providing the highest quality of health care
      of which we are capable. The previous examination leads us to contend that there
      is indeed significant overlap in the intent of the concepts of health promotion
      and prevention. Further examination of the concept is redundant if our goal is to
      continue to improve the quality of care. After all, as Nightingale pointed out,
      our purpose is to do all we can to assist the body in taking care of itself.

PMID- 6374625
TI  - Silver amalgam.

PMID- 6374624
TI  - The patient's approach to wellness.
AB  - The patient's own approach to wellness is receiving increasing attention as the
      potential for self-responsibility in assuming wellness behaviors is recognized as
      one, if not the most, significant factor determining health status. Shifts in
      patterns of illness and potential for illness intervention are acknowledged as
      central in moving the focus from illness to wellness. Recognition of the
      deleterious impact of lifestyle and existing behaviors has raised awareness of
      the need to promote change in wellness behaviors and mechanisms. The scope and
      quality of information becoming available related to health promotion is
      bewildering and often contradictory. Information becomes available daily on
      nutrition, exercise, stress and relaxation, relatedness and support systems, and
      consciousness and spirituality . Desires and motivations are complex, combining a
      wish to perpetuate an affluent lifestyle with recognition that depletion of
      resources and environmental contaminations are risks to the well-being of
      individuals and society. Nurses, as well as other health care providers, are
      concerned with health promotion. We need to view our arena realistically and with
      full cognizance of balancing reasonable caution in scrutinizing new information
      with openness to ideas that will expand both the potential for wellness and our
      potential to contribute to health promotion. We practice in a quagmire of
      uncertainty, unsubstantiated truths, and demands for assurances and answers. We
      are asked to provide quality care and to perform responsibly in a cost-effective
      manner. We are pressured for pragmatics . We need to recognize our urge to
      capitulate to demands. Since historically we are a caring, responsive practice,
      we can be trapped into "false assurance." While recognizing appropriate
      limitations in providing assurances, it is possible to offer assistance in
      ferreting out information and understanding the degree of confidence with which
      it can be viewed and to support increasing autonomy. Educational programs can be
      used in conjunction with relationship skills in enhancing health care, the
      recipient's adoption of wellness behaviors that promote health.

PMID- 6374626
TI  - Microfilled resin bonding techniques in today's practice.

PMID- 6374627
TI  - [Progress in the diagnosis of pleural effusion].

PMID- 6374628
TI  - [Dr. Kazimierz Mulak (22 October 1903-5 June 1983)].

PMID- 6374629
TI  - Prevalence of antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis in Japanese persons determined
      by microimmunofluorescence using reticulate bodies as single antigen.
AB  - The incidence of humoral antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis was determined in
      1005 Japanese individuals of various ages. Formalin-fixed purified reticulate
      bodies of C. trachomatis (L2(434) strain) were used as antigens in the
      microimmunofluorescence test. Of 137 pregnant women, 25 (18.2%) had antibody
      titers of 1:10 or larger. Of 120 cord blood specimens from newborns, 16 (13.3%)
      were positive. Among 565 infants and children a progressive, age-related increase
      in seropositivity was observed except in 6- to 8-year-olds: 9.2% for infants
      under 1 year old; 20.8 to 25.0% for 1-to 5-year-olds; 11.7 to 17.6% for 6- to 8
      year-olds; and 26.1 to 32.3% for 9- to 15-year-olds. Among 183 adults the
      seropositivity rate was between 20.0 and 26.7%, and a progressive increase in
      seropositivity was not clearly observed. These data suggest that C. trachomatis
      infection occurs commonly in Japanese adults and children.

PMID- 6374630
TI  - Aeromonas: biology of the organism and diseases in children.

PMID- 6374631
TI  - Plesiomonas: biology of the organism and diseases in children.

PMID- 6374633
TI  - [Clinical pharmacology of captopril].

PMID- 6374632
TI  - [Skin transplantation in the treatment of varicose ulcers caused by post
      thrombotic syndrome].

PMID- 6374634
TI  - [Effectiveness of Viskaldix in patients with primary hypertension].

PMID- 6374635
TI  - [Toxic shock syndrome--a new form of staphylococcal infection].

PMID- 6374636
TI  - [New trends in the treatment of leprosy].

PMID- 6374637
TI  - [Current state of hospital infection].

PMID- 6374638
TI  - Characteristics of separated epithelial and stromal subfractions of prostate: I.
      Rat ventral prostate.
AB  - These studies were initiated with the objective of isolating epithelial and
      stromal cells of human prostatic tissue in undamaged state, in order to study the
      cellular distribution of steroid receptors in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
      relative to normal prostate. Initial experiments showed that when BPH tissue
      immersed in tissue culture media was progressively fragmented by various cutting
      procedures, epithelial elements were selectively released as clumps of variable
      size and individual cells, but that a large percentage of these cells were
      damaged, as evidenced by their failure to exclude trypan blue (TB). These
      observations suggested that if tissue fragmentation were carried out under
      defined conditions that minimize cell damage, BPH subfractions might be obtained
      containing a large percentage of undamaged cells. To determine conditions of
      tissue fragmentation which result in maximal recovery of epithelial cells which
      exclude TB, rat ventral prostate (RVP) was chosen as a model system. Experiments
      with RVP revealed that maximal yields of such cells were obtained in "large"
      epithelial clumps (greater than 30 cells per clump) released under the following
      conditions: (1) chopping the tissue with razor blades in a large volume (2 ml/100
      mg RVP) of a Ca2+-free tissue culture medium ( Joklik 's-MEM) containing 1%
      casein, (2) carrying out the entire fractionation procedure in the cold, and (3)
      maintaining a 1% casein concentration in the medium during chopping, as well as
      in subsequent washing procedures, to protect cells from proteolytic activity. In
      large epithelial clumps, cells in the interior of the clump were not stained by
      TB but the cells at the periphery of the clump were freely permeable to TB.
      Single epithelial cells and small epithelial clumps (3-10 cells) released by
      razor blade fragmentation were also permeable to TB. When large epithelial clumps
      were incubated at 20 degrees C for 90 min, the clumps disaggregated into smaller
      clumps and morphologically intact single cells, which did not exclude TB. The
      residual tissue fragments remaining after chopping contained the bulk of stromal
      cells plus some epithelial elements. The latter could be removed by gentle
      rubbing of the fragments on a sieve in the presence of medium. The stromal
      fraction thus obtained consisted of stromal cells, embedded in mesenchymal
      matrix, which were not stained by TB and appeared normal when examined
      histologically by light microscopy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6374639
TI  - The pure antiandrogen RU 23908 (Anandron), a candidate of choice for the combined
      antihormonal treatment of prostatic cancer: a review.
AB  - The nonsteroidal antiandrogen RU 23908 ( Anandron ) weakly interacts with the
      prostatic cytosolic androgen receptor and shows a fast dissociation rate. When
      administered to immature castrated rats up to the daily dose of 100 mg/kg, it is
      devoid of any androgenic activity but efficiently blocks the growth-promoting
      activity of androgens on ventral prostate and seminal vesicle weight, thus
      showing the characteristics of a pure antiandrogen. In intact animals, on the
      other hand, the antiandrogen administered alone exerts only a partial inhibition
      of prostate and seminal vesicle weight. This is due to the property of the pure
      antiandrogen to neutralize the inhibitory feedback effect of androgens at the
      pituitary level on the LH responsiveness to LHRH, as illustrated in vitro in rat
      anterior pituitary cells in culture as well as in vivo in intact and castrated
      animals. In intact animals, neutralization of the inhibitory feedback action of
      endogenous androgens leads to an increased LH and testosterone secretion, which
      partly overcomes the direct action of the antiandrogen at the level of the
      prostate and seminal vesicles. In fact, the plasma testosterone concentration is
      more than doubled 6 hr after the administration of 10 mg of RU 23908 while plasma
      LH and testosterone levels are increased by 7- and 17-fold, respectively, after
      14 days of similar daily treatment. Efficient neutralization of the androgenic
      action at the prostatic level in intact animals thus requires prevention of this
      escape phenomenon through inhibition of LH secretion. Although inhibition of LH
      release can be achieved by estrogen and progestins, an optimal inhibitory effect
      on the prostate is obtained by the combined administration of the antiandrogen
      with an LHRH agonist that causes a specific blockage of testicular androgen
      biosynthesis as well as an inhibition of the LH responsiveness to LHRH.

PMID- 6374640
TI  - [Various theories on the structure, function and clinical role of immunoglobulin
      D].

PMID- 6374641
TI  - Urinary tract infection during pregnancy. Asymptomatic bacteriuria, acute
      cystitis, and acute pyelonephritis.
AB  - Urinary tract infection is one of the most common medical complications of
      pregnancy, occurring in roughly 10% of all pregnancies. The clinical entities
      most commonly seen are bacteriuria, acute cystitis, and acute pyelonephritis.
      Relative stasis of urine due to pregnancy-induced changes in the urinary tract is
      a significant causative factor. Escherichia coli is the most common responsible
      organism. Patients with untreated or inadequately treated asymptomatic
      bacteriuria are at high risk for development of acute pyelonephritis, a serious
      febrile illness that can lead to major maternal and fetal complications. Patients
      with acute pyelonephritis should be hospitalized and treated aggressively.

PMID- 6374642
TI  - The classic venereal diseases. Syphilis and gonorrhea in the 80s.

PMID- 6374644
TI  - Nocturnal activity and the enuresis alarm device.
AB  - The effect on nocturnal activity of the wire mesh element within the 'buzzer and
      pad' enuresis alarm device was studied using healthy adult volunteers in a single
      or double cross-over design. On the nights when the mesh was in the bed there was
      less activity, supporting the finding of improved polygraphic sleep on the mesh
      and suggesting an unexpected therapeutic mechanism.

PMID- 6374643
TI  - Management of endocrine disorders in pregnancy Part I--thyroid and parathyroid
      disease.

PMID- 6374645
TI  - Carbamazepine-induced bullous eruption or bullous pemphigoid?

PMID- 6374646
TI  - Report on patient reaction to complete denture treatment incorporating a modified
      occlusal table.

PMID- 6374647
TI  - Doc Holliday, the wildest dentist of the West.

PMID- 6374648
TI  - Conference on Blood Lipids in Children: optimal levels for early prevention of
      coronary artery disease. Workshop report: Epidemiologic Section. April 18 and 19,
      1983, American Health Foundation.

PMID- 6374649
TI  - Conference on Blood Lipids in Children: optimal levels for early prevention of
      coronary artery disease. Workshop report: Experimental Section. American Health
      Foundation, April 18 and 19, 1983.

PMID- 6374650
TI  - Internal homologies in the two aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenases of
      Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - In Escherichia coli, AK I- HDH I and AK II- HDH II are two bifunctional proteins,
      derived from a common ancestor, that catalyze the first and third reactions of
      the common pathway leading to threonine and methionine. An extensive amino acid
      sequence comparison of both molecules reveals two main features on each of them:
      (i) two segments, each of about 130 amino acids, covering the first one-third of
      the polypeptide chain, are similar to each other and (ii) two segments, each of
      about 250 amino acids and covering the COOH-terminal 500 amino acids also present
      a significant homology. These findings suggest that these two regions may have
      evolved independently of each other by a process of gene duplication and fusion
      previous to the appearance of an ancestral aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenase
      molecule.

PMID- 6374651
TI  - Human liver alcohol dehydrogenase: amino acid substitution in the beta 2 beta 2
      Oriental isozyme explains functional properties, establishes an active site
      structure, and parallels mutational exchanges in the yeast enzyme.
AB  - The homodimeric Oriental beta 2 beta 2 isozyme of human liver alcohol
      dehydrogenase, corresponding to an allelic variant at the ADH2 gene locus, was
      studied in order to define the amino acid exchange in relation to the beta 1 beta
      1 isozyme, the predominant allelic form among Caucasians. Sequence analysis
      reveals that the amino acid substitution occurs at position 7 of the largest CNBr
      fragment, corresponding to position 47 of the whole protein chain. Here, the beta
      2 form has a histidine residue, while, in common with other characterized
      mammalian liver alcohol dehydrogenases, the beta 1 form has an arginine residue.
      This exchange does not affect the adjacent cysteine-46 residue, which is a
      protein ligand to the active-site zinc atom, thus clarifying previously
      inconsistent results. The histidine/arginine-47 mutational replacement
      corresponds to a position that binds the pyrophosphate group of the coenzyme
      NAD(H); this explains the functional differences between the beta 1 beta 1 and
      beta 2 beta 2 isozymes, including both a lower pH optimum and higher turnover
      number of beta 2 beta 2, which is likely to be the mutant form. The exchange
      demonstrates the existence of parallel but separate mutations in the evolution of
      alcohol dehydrogenases because these mammalian enzymes differ at exactly the same
      position by the same type of substitution as is found between a mutant and the
      wild-type constitutive forms of the corresponding yeast enzyme.

PMID- 6374652
TI  - Fc-mediated binding of IgG to vimentin-type intermediate filaments in vascular
      endothelial cells.
AB  - Prior studies have shown that vascular endothelial cells bind circulating IgG
      intracellularly during cell death. We now demonstrate that all endothelial cells
      have intracellular binding sites for IgG and that these binding sites are exposed
      to circulating IgG only if the plasma membrane is damaged. The binding sites are
      located on the cytoskeletal intermediate filaments and can be detected also in
      other cells containing vimentin-type intermediate filaments. Monoclonal human
      IgG1 exhibited saturable, high-affinity binding to vimentin-enriched
      cytoskeletons. Binding was inhibited by Fc fragments but not by Fab, F(ab')2, or
      pFc' fragments, suggesting that the binding site on IgG is located in the C gamma
      2 domain of the Fc fragment. Binding of IgG to intermediate filaments may be
      important for the destruction and removal of damaged cells.

PMID- 6374653
TI  - Generation of antibody activity from immunoglobulin polypeptide chains produced
      in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Plasmids have been constructed that direct the synthesis in Escherichia coli of
      heavy chains and/or light chains of an anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
      antibody. Another plasmid was constructed for expression of a truncated form of
      heavy chain (Fd' fragment) in E. coli. Functional CEA-binding activity was
      obtained by in vitro reconstitution in E. coli extracts of heavy chain or Fd'
      fragment mixed with extracts containing light chain.

PMID- 6374654
TI  - Structure of the Trg protein: Homologies with and differences from other sensory
      transducers of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Transducer proteins are central to chemotaxis in Escherichia coli. Three
      transducer genes comprise a homologous gene family, while a fourth gene, trg, is
      more distantly related. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of trg. The
      deduced sequence of the Trg protein has features in common with other transducers
      as well as regions of significant divergence. The protein sequence suggests the
      same transmembrane structure postulated for other transducers: an extra
      cytoplasmic NH2-terminal domain connected by a membrane-spanning region to an
      intracellular COOH-terminal domain. The COOH-terminal domain of Trg exhibits
      substantial sequence identity with the corresponding domains of the other
      transducers, particularly near the sites of covalent modification. Trg appears to
      have the same five methyl-accepting sites identified in the Tsr protein. Two of
      those sites are glutamines that are deamidated to yield methyl-accepting
      glutamates, while the remainder are synthesized as glutamates. Conservation in
      number but not in position of modified glutamines in Trg compared to the other
      transducers is consistent with the notion that uncharged glutamines at a specific
      number of modification sites serve to balance the signaling state of newly
      synthesized transducers. The NH2-terminal domain of Trg exhibits no significant
      homology with other transducers, implying that trg may be a fusion of the common
      COOH-terminal transducer sequence with an unrelated NH2-terminal sequence. The
      location of specific mutations within trg provides support for the suggestion
      that ligand-binding sites are in the NH2-terminal domains.

PMID- 6374655
TI  - Hormonal regulation of hormone-sensitive lipase in intact adipocytes:
      identification of phosphorylated sites and effects on the phosphorylation by
      lipolytic hormones and insulin.
AB  - In isolated adipocytes, fast-acting lipolytic hormones and insulin have been
      shown previously to control lipolysis by regulating the activity of hormone
      sensitive lipase, the rate-limiting enzyme, through an increase or decrease,
      respectively, of the extent of phosphorylation of the enzyme. Here, we
      demonstrate that exposure to lipolytic hormones (corticotropin, noradrenaline)
      led to phosphorylation at two sites on the Mr 84,000 lipase subunit. One,
      designated "basal site," was phosphorylated also in the absence of any hormonal
      stimulation, its phosphorylation apparently not being influenced by hormones. The
      second, designated "regulatory site," was identical to that phosphorylated by
      cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase on the isolated lipase. The regulatory site
      was not appreciably phosphorylated in the absence of hormones, but exposure of
      the cells to noradrenaline increased its phosphorylation extent to that of the
      basal site. Insulin or the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol decreased the
      extent of phosphorylation of the regulatory site to the low level before
      stimulation, apparently without effect on the basal site. Phosphoserine was the
      only phosphorylated amino acid residue at both sites. Limited proteolytic
      digestion indicated that the two sites were separated by less than about 170
      amino acid residues. Thus, control of adipose tissue lipolysis by fast-acting
      lipolytic hormones and by insulin is exerted through the regulation of the
      phosphorylation state of a single phosphoserine residue in the hormone-sensitive
      lipase.

PMID- 6374656
TI  - Copper metallothionein of yeast, structure of the gene, and regulation of
      expression.
AB  - Addition of copper to yeast cells leads to the induction of a low molecular
      weight, cysteine-rich protein that binds copper. This protein, termed copper
      chelatin or thionein, is related to the metallothionein family of proteins that
      are induced in response to cadmium and zinc in vertebrate cells. We have
      determined the structure of the yeast copper-binding protein by DNA sequence
      analysis of the gene. Although the 6573-dalton yeast protein is substantially
      divergent from vertebrate metallothioneins, the arrangement of 12 cysteine
      residues, which is a hallmark of metal-binding proteins, is partially conserved.
      We analyzed the regulatory DNA sequence of the gene by fusing it with the
      Escherichia coli galactokinase gene and assaying the levels of enzyme activity in
      yeast in response to copper. The transcriptional activation has a specific
      requirement for copper. Zinc, cadmium, and gold were unable to regulate the
      galactokinase activity. The yeast copper metallothionein regulatory sequences
      represent a previously unreported class of yeast promoter that is regulated by
      copper.

PMID- 6374657
TI  - Chemically modified nucleic acids as immunodetectable probes in hybridization
      experiments.
AB  - Guanine residues in nucleic acids can be modified by treatment with N-acetoxy-N-2
      acetylaminofluorene and its 7-iodo derivative in an in vitro nonenzymatic
      reaction. The modified nucleic acids (ribo or deoxyribo, single or double
      stranded) are recognized by specific antibodies. They can be immunoprecipitated
      or used as probes in hybridization experiments and detected by immunochemical
      techniques.

PMID- 6374658
TI  - Synthesis of cholera toxin is positively regulated at the transcriptional level
      by toxR.
AB  - We have cloned a positive regulatory gene ( toxR ) from Vibrio cholerae that
      controls cholera toxin transcription. This was done by first constructing a
      genetic fusion consisting of the lacZ gene fused to the promoter of the cholera
      toxin operon ctxAB . This operon fusion was used to screen a V. cholerae genomic
      library for genes that could activate the ctx promoter in Escherichia coli. This
      method allowed the identification of a gene, toxR , that increases ctx expression
      by more than 100-fold. Complementation analysis indicated that certain
      hypotoxinogenic mutants of V. cholerae 569B probably have mutations in the toxR
      gene. Southern blot analysis suggests that all V. cholerae, including
      nontoxinogenic strains, have the toxR gene. Moreover, nontoxinogenic strains not
      only lack the structural genes for cholera toxin but also sequences associated
      with the larger 7-kilobase ctx genetic element.

PMID- 6374659
TI  - Streptokinase: cloning, expression, and excretion by Escherichia coli.
AB  - Genomic DNA from Streptococcus equisimilis strain H46A was cloned in Escherichia
      coli by using the bacteriophage lambda replacement vector L47 and an in vitro
      packaging system. A casein/plasminogen overlay technique was used to screen the
      phage bank for recombinants carrying the streptokinase gene ( skc ). The gene was
      present with a frequency of 1 in 836 recombinants, and 10 independent clones
      containing skc were isolated and physically characterized. One recombinant clone
      was used to subclone skc in E. coli plasmid vectors. Plasmid pMF2 [10.4 kilobases
      (kb)] consisting of pACYC184 with a 6.4-kb H46A DNA fragment in the EcoRI site
      and pMF5 (6.9 kb) carrying a 2.5-kb fragment in the Pst I site of pBR322 were
      among the recombinant plasmids determining streptokinase production in three
      different E. coli host strains. Expression of skc was independent of its
      orientation in either vector, indicating that its own promoter was present and
      functional in E. coli. However, expression in pBR322 was more efficient in one
      orientation than in the other, suggesting that one or both of the bla gene
      promoters contributed to skc expression. Several lines of evidence, including
      proof obtained by the immunodiffusion technique, established the identity of E.
      coli streptokinase. Testing cell-free culture supernatant fluids, osmotic shock
      fluids, and sonicates of osmotically shocked cells for streptokinase activity
      revealed the substance to be present in all three principal locations, indicating
      that E. coli cells were capable of releasing substantial amounts of streptokinase
      into the culture medium.

PMID- 6374660
TI  - Identification of a site on 23S ribosomal RNA located at the peptidyl transferase
      center.
AB  - 3-(4'-Benzoylphenyl)propionyl[3H] Phe-tRNA bound to the peptidyl site of the
      ribosome is photo-crosslinked exclusively to 23S RNA on irradiation at 320 nm.
      The site of reaction has been identified both by hybridization and primer
      extension experiments as uridine-2584 and uridine-2585, located within the
      central loop of domain V according to the secondary structure model of 23S RNA.
      The fact that the covalently crosslinked tRNA retains its ability to form a
      peptide bond, together with the proximity of this site to the position of several
      mutations leading to chloramphenicol or erythromycin resistance strongly argue
      that this region of the 23S-like rRNAs is an integral component of the peptidyl
      transferase site. On the basis of these results, and from comparative analysis of
      the 16 available large subunit rRNA sequences, we propose a model for the
      functional organization of the peptidyl transferase site involving interaction of
      domains II and V of 23S rRNA.

PMID- 6374661
TI  - Extrapancreatic insulin gene expression in the fetal rat.
AB  - Analysis of gene expression in rat yolk sac, a primitive endodermal structure,
      revealed a low level of developmentally regulated insulin production. At 14 days
      of gestation, a 2.4-kilobase (kb) RNA species hybridized to cloned insulin gene
      probes. This species increased throughout gestation. At 16 days, a second
      transcript of 0.72 kb became visible and, by 18 days, the 0.72-kb transcript
      predominated. In the pancreas, the fully processed insulin mRNA is 0.55 kb long.
      Over the same time period in the fetal liver (also a tissue of endodermal origin,
      as is the pancreas), only the 2.4-kb transcript was detected; no hybridizing
      transcripts were detected in adult liver RNA. Gel filtration studies and insulin
      radioimmunoassay of acid/ethanol-soluble peptides showed approximately equal
      amounts of proinsulin and insulin in 18-day yolk sac, a result suggesting that
      the transcripts in this tissue are translated. On the other hand, a lower level
      of insulin and the lack of proinsulin in fetal liver were compatible with a
      pancreatic origin of hepatocyte insulin by receptor binding rather than
      intrahepatic insulin synthesis.

PMID- 6374662
TI  - Proteolysis and structure of skeletal muscle actin.
AB  - Under standard conditions, G-actin has been submitted to nine proteases of
      varying specificity, and in each case the pattern of fragments produced has been
      studied by NaDodSO4 gel electrophoresis. The results suggest that the actin
      monomer consists of a large region (ca. 33 kilodaltons) and a small, easily
      degraded region (ca. 9 kilodaltons). The COOH terminus is in the large region.
      Consideration of primary sequence homologies, medium resolution maps of actin
      crystals, and certain reactions of actin suggests that the NH2 terminus is in the
      small region, as is the negative sequence to which a divalent metal cation is
      normally chelated, but that the nucleotide-binding site is on the large region
      near the junction between the regions. From analysis of these results, numerous
      properties of actin are understandable.

PMID- 6374663
TI  - Identification and expression in Escherichia coli of merozoite stage-specific
      genes of the human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
AB  - The key steps in the development of a malaria vaccine through gene cloning are
      the identification of the proteins involved in host protective immunity and the
      cloning, identification, and expression of the genes coding for these proteins.
      Recent data have indicated that certain proteins synthesized at the late schizont
      merozoite stage of Plasmodium falciparum play a major role in malaria immunity.
      This paper reports the identification, in a cDNA library, of recombinant clones
      corresponding to genes expressed specifically during the late schizont-merozoite
      stage of P. falciparum development. The 132 cDNA clones thus identified out of
      10,000 were found to correspond to only 12 different genes, probably representing
      most of the major schizont-merozoite specific genes. The stage-specific cDNAs can
      be efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli cells. The protein products of some
      of these clones are recognized by monoclonal antibodies specific for late
      schizont-merozoite proteins. We conclude that only a small set of genes is
      specifically induced in the schizont-merozoite stage and that the stage-specific
      cDNA clones we have isolated are very likely to include the genes coding for the
      immunologically relevant proteins of P. falciparum.

PMID- 6374665
TI  - Isolation of the yeast INO1 gene: located on an autonomously replicating plasmid,
      the gene is fully regulated.
AB  - The Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene, INO1 , encoding the highly regulated enzyme,
      myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase [1L-myo-inositol-1-phosphate lyase
      (isomerizing), EC 5.5.1.4], was isolated by genetic complementation. The cloned
      sequence was shown to complement two independent IN01 alleles ( ino1 -5 and ino1 
      13). One of these mutants ( ino1 -5) fails to make any material that is
      crossreactive with antibody to the wild-type inositol-1-phosphate synthase. The
      cloned DNA restored not only inositol prototrophy to this mutant but also its
      ability to make material crossreactive with anti-inositol-1-phosphate synthase
      antibody. The sequence on an integrative plasmid was also shown to recombine with
      the INO1 locus, thereby confirming its genetic identity. The DNA was subcloned
      and used for Southern blot analysis, revealing that the cloned DNA (5.4 kilobases
      long) represents a unique sequence in the yeast genome. Inositol-1-phosphate
      synthase was fully regulated when its gene was located extrachromosomally on the
      autonomously replicating plasmid. In cells ( ino1 -) containing the cloned INO1
      gene on a high-copy-number plasmid, the enzyme was fully repressible.
      Furthermore, the gene product was not expressed when the plasmid was transferred
      into a strain containing an ino4 mutation, which also prevents expression of
      chromosomal copies of INO1 . These results establish that the intact structural
      gene and associated regulatory components have been isolated and that positioning
      of the gene in its normal chromosomal location is not required for full
      regulation of inositol-1-phosphate synthase.

PMID- 6374664
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the Escherichia coli prolipoprotein signal peptidase (lsp)
      gene.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of the prolipoprotein signal peptidase (lsp) gene has
      been determined. The lsp gene was found to be adjacent to the isoleucyl-tRNA
      synthetase ( ileS ) gene, such that the termination codon of the ileS gene
      overlaps with the initiation codon of lsp. These two genes are transcribed in the
      same direction and the major promotor for the lsp gene appears to be upstream of
      ileS . Identification of the lsp gene was established by amplification of
      prolipoprotein signal peptidase activity in strains carrying a subcloned 1.1
      kilobase Stu I-Acc I fragment and was further confirmed by introducing mutational
      alterations in the COOH terminus of the protein that caused a decrease in
      prolipoprotein signal peptidase activity. The deduced amino acid sequence
      indicates that prolipoprotein signal peptidase contains 164 residues. Unlike most
      exported proteins, there is no apparent signal peptide sequence for the lsp
      protein. Computer-assisted secondary structure analysis of the deduced amino acid
      sequence identified four hydrophobic regions that share features common to
      transmembrane segments in integral membrane proteins.

PMID- 6374666
TI  - Removal of UV light-induced pyrimidine-pyrimidone(6-4) products from Escherichia
      coli DNA requires the uvrA, uvrB, and urvC gene products.
AB  - Ultraviolet light induces the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and
      pyrimidine- pyrimidone (6-4) photoproducts in cellular DNA. In Escherichia coli,
      the uvrA, uvrB, and uvrC genes are necessary for excision of cyclobutane dimers.
      To determine whether the uvrABC gene products are required for (6-4) product
      removal from DNA, a sensitive HPLC assay was developed that allows the separation
      and quantitation of both types of photoproducts. Both the T T cyclobutane dimer
      and the T-C(6-4) product were completely removed from the DNA after 2 hr of
      repair in a wild-type strain. Both products were also removed in the wild-type
      strain in the presence of chloramphenicol, an inhibitor of protein synthesis. No
      decrease in the amount of either T T cyclobutane dimer or of T-C(6-4) products
      was observed in strains that were deficient in any one of the three uvr gene
      products under similar conditions. We conclude the uvrABC enzyme complex is
      required for excision of (6-4) photoproducts from E. coli DNA.

PMID- 6374667
TI  - Intragenic regions required for LamB export.
AB  - Escherichia coli strains containing a series of lamB-lacZ fusions have been
      isolated and characterized. Each of these fusions specifies a hybrid protein with
      LamB sequences at the NH2 terminus and a large functional COOH-terminal fragment
      of beta-galactosidase. The amount of LamB present in the various hybrid proteins
      ranges from as few as 4 amino acids to a complete signal sequence (25 amino
      acids) plus 49 amino acids of the mature protein. With respect to hybrid protein
      export these fusions fall into three classes. Hybrid proteins with an incomplete
      LamB signal sequence or those that have a complete signal sequence plus 27 or
      fewer amino acids of the mature LamB protein are not exported and remain in the
      cytoplasm. In contrast, fusion strains attempt to export hybrid proteins that
      contain a complete signal sequence plus 39 or 43 amino acids of mature LamB.
      However, these proteins are not localized to the outer membrane. Finally, a
      hybrid protein that is slightly larger, containing 49 amino acids of mature LamB,
      is found in the outer membrane in appreciable amounts. These fusions, together
      with previously described lamB-lacZ fusions, have enabled us to define more
      precisely the minimal amount of lamB required to initiate the process of protein
      export. Moreover, they genetically locate a signal that appears to guide LamB to
      the outer membrane. This signal is within a region of amino acid homology shared
      by other major outer membrane proteins [ Nikaido , H. & Wu, H. C. P. (1984) Proc.
      Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81, 1048-1052].

PMID- 6374668
TI  - A monoclonal anti-DNA antibody also binds to cell-surface protein(s).
AB  - A murine monoclonal anti-DNA antibody ( PME77 ) has been found to bind tightly to
      the plasma membrane of Raji cells. We show here that this monoclonal anti-DNA
      antibody reacts in a radioimmunoassay with the cell surface of a variety of
      mammalian cell types and that the antigenic determinant recognized by the
      monoclonal anti-DNA antibody at the surface of Raji cells is resistant to DNase.
      It belongs to polypeptides removed from the cell surface by a mild proteinase K
      treatment.

PMID- 6374669
TI  - Changes in plasma, tissue, and urinary nitrogen metabolites due to an
      inflammatory challenge.
AB  - Studies were undertaken to define the changes in protein metabolism that result
      from stimulation of the immune system by noninfectious inflammatory agents.
      Chicks were injected with inflammatory agents and metabolite concentrations were
      determined between 4 and 48 hr postchallenge. Inflammatory agents resulted in a
      generalized decrease in the concentration of plasma nitrogen metabolites,
      including ammonia, uric acid, urea, and several amino acids. Escherichia coli and
      sheep red blood cell (SRBC) injections induced changes in the concentrations of
      tissue-free amino acids at 16 hr postchallenge. After E. coli injections, free
      amino acid concentrations were increased by 175% in muscle and decreased by
      approximately 25% in liver, spleen, and bursa. A SRBC challenge resulted in
      similar decreases in free amino acid concentrations in the spleen and bursa as
      did E. coli; however, muscle and liver free amino acid concentrations were mostly
      unchanged. Urinary ammonia was increased, urinary uric acid was decreased, and
      urinary amino acids were not affected by E. coli injection. These findings
      indicate that stimulation of the immune system by noninfectious inflammatory
      agents induces tissue-specific changes in nitrogen metabolism. Changes in amino
      acid pool sizes in various tissues suggest alterations in rates of protein
      synthesis or degradation.

PMID- 6374670
TI  - Changes in protein synthesis due to an inflammatory challenge.
AB  - Rates of protein synthesis in various chick tissues were examined 16 hr after an
      inflammatory challenge. Protein synthetic rates were calculated from the rate at
      which [14C]leucine was incorporated into protein and the specific activity of
      [14C]leucine in the precursor pool. An injection of either Escherichia coli or
      sheep red blood cells (SRBC) decreased the rate of protein synthesis in the
      gastrocnemius muscle, and increased the rate in liver, bursa, spleen, and thymus.
      E. coli, but not SRBC, decreased protein synthesis in the pectoralis muscle. E.
      coli significantly decreased the aggregation of pectoralis muscle polysomes and
      increased the aggregation of polysomes in the thymus, bursa, and spleen. E. coli
      increased the aggregation of free, but not bound, polysomes in liver, suggesting
      an increase in synthesis of export proteins. SRBC significantly increased
      polysomal aggregation in bursa and spleen only. A crude preparation of leukocyte
      endogenous mediator, isolated from peritoneal macrophages, decreased muscle
      polysomal aggregation. These studies indicate that tissue-specific changes in
      protein synthesis occur after a noninfectious inflammatory challenge. These
      changes may be part of a homeostatic mechanism which supports the immune
      response.

PMID- 6374671
TI  - Changes in protein degradation in chickens due to an inflammatory challenge.
AB  - Tissue-specific changes in protein catabolism were examined in chicks 16 hr
      following an inflammatory challenge. It was determined that tyrosine was not
      catabolized or converted to phenylalanine in muscle, thymus, bursa, or spleen.
      Therefore, rates of tyrosine release from protein were used to estimate rates of
      protein catabolism in these tissues. Arginine was not catabolized to urea by
      chick liver; consequently, arginine release from liver protein was used to
      measure protein catabolism in this tissue. An injection of sheep red blood cells
      (SRBC) or Escherichia coli did not change rates of protein catabolism in liver or
      bursa as compared to saline-injected controls. SRBC significantly increased
      protein catabolism in muscle and spleen by 29 and 15%, respectively. E. coli
      resulted in significant increases in muscle, spleen, and thymus of 43, 30, and
      34%, respectively. These changes in protein catabolism, together with known
      changes in protein synthesis, suggest that an inflammatory response to SRBC and
      E. coli result in increased protein accretion in the bursa and liver, and net
      protein loss from muscle.

PMID- 6374672
TI  - Immunological studies involving vitamin B-6 and Morris hepatomas.

PMID- 6374673
TI  - Mammalian histidine decarboxylase and its suicide substrate alpha
      fluoromethylhistidine.

PMID- 6374674
TI  - The reaction of pyridoxal phosphate with holoenzymes in the pyridoxamine
      phosphate form.

PMID- 6374675
TI  - [Writing the history of pharmacy: why, how? Various historiographic and
      theoretical elements as an apologia].

PMID- 6374676
TI  - Development of a radioimmunoassay and its application to the pharmacokinetics of
      the stable prostacyclin analogue, nileprost, in the rat.
AB  - The development of a sensitive radioimmunoassay for measuring concentrations of
      nileprost , a stable prostacyclin analogue, is described. The RIA method,
      furthermore, is applied to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of nileprost in the rat.
      Antiserum against nileprost was raised in rabbits by immunizing with the drug
      coupled to bovine serum albumin via the carboxylic group. Nileprost is extracted
      from plasma samples using a reversed-phase Sep- PakR cartridge. The limit of
      detection is less than 10 pg/ml. At the 1.25 ng/ml level intra- and inter-assay
      variations of 6 and 16% were calculated. Following intravenous injection of 200
      micrograms/kg to female Wistar rats, a three-phasic decline in plasma levels was
      observed with half-lives of 10 min, 30 min and 7.4 h. Oral doses of 200 and 2,000
      micrograms/kg were very rapidly absorbed exhibiting maximum concentrations in the
      plasma of 20 and 30 ng/ml as early as 5 min postadministration . Bioavailability
      of nileprost was calculated to be 21 and 13% of the dose. The disposition half
      life was 5-7 h in both cases.

PMID- 6374677
TI  - Effect of prostacyclin infusion on hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing enzyme
      activity in man.

PMID- 6374678
TI  - Flupenthixol versus diazepam in the treatment of psychosomatic disorders: a
      double-blind, multi-centre trial in general practice.
AB  - In a Finnish general practice 120 patients with psychosomatic disorders, manifest
      as syndromes of tension headache, cardiac neurosis, dizziness or muscular
      tension, were randomly allocated to treatment over a 4-week period with either
      flupenthixol (1 to 2 mg per day) or diazepam (5 to 10 mg mg per day). The 4
      syndromes and 12 associated symptoms (anxiety, fatigue, depression, pain,
      asthenia, muscle fatiguability, tension, dyspnoea, restlessness, palpitations,
      sleep disorders, and vertigo) were rated on a 4-point scale on entry, at 2 weeks
      and at 4 weeks. Both drugs reduced significantly the average total scores for
      syndromes and single symptoms after 2-weeks' treatment. Flupenthixol was the more
      effective in relieving fatigue and vertigo; diazepam in relieving headache,
      anxiety, tension, restlessness and sleep disturbance. Cardiac neurosis,
      palpitations and general muscular tension responded poorly to both drugs. After 4
      weeks, relief of vertigo, pain and fatigue was more evident in the flupenthixol
      group, and of anxiety, tension and restlessness in the diazepam group. Side
      effects were complained of at some stage by 17 patients in the flupenthixol group
      (9 of fatigue, 5 of sleep disturbance, 1 of constipation, 1 of extrapyramidal
      symptoms, and 1 of weight gain) and by 16 patients in the diazepam group (10 of
      fatigue, 4 of sleep problems and 2 of diarrhoea).

PMID- 6374679
TI  - Nabumetone: a double-blind study in osteoarthrosis.
AB  - A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial was carried out to assess the
      efficacy and tolerance of nabumetone in patients with osteoarthrosis of the hip
      or knee. Patients were allocated at random to receive either 1 g nabumetone twice
      daily or matching placebo for 2 weeks and then crossed over to the alternative
      treatment for a further 2 weeks. Clinical assessments of pain and function were
      made before and at the end of each treatment period. Seventeen of 18 patients
      completed the trial and the results showed that most clinical parameters assessed
      were improved during active treatment, with significantly more patients
      preferring nabumetone (p less than 0.001) to placebo. Only 1 patient reported
      what was considered to be a drug-related adverse event (irritation of the scalp)
      during nabumetone treatment.

PMID- 6374681
TI  - Trazodone: alternative dose regimens and sleep.
AB  - In a double-blind trial, 146 depressed patients were allocated at random to
      treatment with the same daily dose (100 mg to 150 mg) of trazodone administered
      either as divided doses twice daily or as a single dose at night. Over the trial
      period of 6 weeks there was a highly significant reduction in the mean Hamilton
      Depression Rating Scale scores in both treatment groups, with no significant
      differences between them. The patients completed 10 visual analogue scales
      concerned with their depressive symptomatology, sleep patterns and daytime
      sequelae. Significant improvement was recorded on all items in both groups, the
      only significant between-group difference being in relation to how tired the
      patient felt during the day, which was significantly better on night-time dosage
      at Weeks 1 and 2. The most significant finding of the study was in relation to
      the sleep questionnaires completed by the patients on awakening and again in the
      evening. Trazodone administered as a single dose at night or when given in twice
      daily divided dosage, improved sleep. During the first week this effect was
      significantly better for the single dose at night group. This early effect may be
      particularly useful in providing psychological encouragement to depressed
      patients at the onset of treatment.

PMID- 6374680
TI  - The effects of piretanide on catecholamine metabolism, plasma renin activity and
      serum aldosterone: a double-blind pilot comparison against hydrochlorothiazide in
      patients with essential hypertension.
AB  - The metabolic effects of piretanide (2 x 6 mg daily) were compared with those of
      hydrochlorothiazide, in doses of 2 x 25 mg or 2 x 50 mg daily, in a double-blind
      study consisting of three parallel groups totalling 15 patients with
      uncomplicated essential hypertension. Thirteen patients completed the 3-months'
      study. At the end of the 2-week run-in period on placebo, systolic and diastolic
      blood pressures (lying) were 200.0 +/- 8.2/100.0 +/- 0 mmHg in the piretanide
      group, 185.0 +/- 17.3/102.5 +/- 5.0 mmHg in the 2 x 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide
      group, and 200.0 +/- 10.0/102.0 +/- 11.0 mmHg in the 2 x 50 mg
      hydrochlorothiazide group. After 3 months of active treatment blood pressures had
      decreased by 19.5%/18.8%, 7.0%/9.8% and 20.4%/18.9% in the three groups,
      respectively, to normotensive levels. The results showed that the
      antihypertensive effect of piretanide was comparable to that of 2 x 50 mg
      hydrochlorothiazide daly and greater than that with the lower dose
      hydrochlorothiazide regimen (2 x 25 mg daily). There were no differences between
      the three groups with regard to serum adrenaline, noradrenaline or dopamine
      levels. Plasma renin activity increased slightly in all three groups but, despite
      this, plasma aldosterone levels did not increase. Thus, no secondary
      hyperaldosteronism was seen. No clinically relevant changes in acid-base balance
      were observed. No severe side-effects occurred; the frequency of disturbing
      diuresis was slightly greater in the 2 x 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide group than in
      patients receiving piretanide.

PMID- 6374682
TI  - The treatment of napkin dermatitis: a double-blind comparison of two steroid
      antibiotic combinations.
AB  - A double-blind trial was carried out in 62 infants with moderate to severe napkin
      dermatitis to assess the effectiveness and acceptability of topical treatment
      with a miconazole/hydrocortisone preparation compared with that of a
      nystatin/benzalkonium chloride/dimethicone/hydrocortisone preparation. Patients
      were allocated at random to one or other treatment and the creams were applied to
      the affected area 3-times daily for 7 days. At the initial visit, a swab was
      taken for microbiological investigation. Clinical assessments were made of the
      signs and symptoms of erythema, weeping, tissue maceration and the more general
      symptom irritability, before and after 7-days' treatment. Parents were asked to
      note the time taken to significant improvement of their infant's condition and to
      comment on ease of application and staining properties of the preparation used.
      Both treatments produced a high and similar overall cure rate (80% and 84%,
      respectively), with a significant improvement within 48 hours in the majority of
      cases. Staining of napkins was reported in significantly fewer cases with the
      miconazole/hydrocortisone cream.

PMID- 6374683
TI  - A comparison of an aqueous and a pressurized nasal spray of beclomethasone
      dipropionate in the management of seasonal rhinitis.
AB  - A multi-centre, double-blind, parallel group study was carried out in 38 patients
      with seasonal rhinitis to compare a new aqueous nasal spray of beclomethasone
      dipropionate with the conventional pressurized nasal spray. Beclomethasone
      dipropionate (200 micrograms) was administered twice daily for a treatment period
      of 2 weeks. Both treatments were found to be equally effective and well
      tolerated. It is suggested, therefore, that the new aqueous nasal spray provides
      an alternative method of intranasal administration of the steroid for patients
      who may prefer an aqueous product.

PMID- 6374684
TI  - Controlled-release theophylline and proxyphylline in asthmatics: a comparative
      study.
AB  - In a short-term study, a new sustained-release preparation of proxyphylline (2400
      mg/day) was compared to theophylline (800 mg/day) and placebo. A double-blind
      crossover design was used, and 10 adult asthmatics participated. No significant
      differences were found between the treatments with regard to relief of asthma
      symptoms, need for additional medication or incidence and intensity of side
      effects. In the placebo period, morning peak-flow was significantly lower
      compared to active treatment periods.

PMID- 6374685
TI  - Effect of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antiserum on sexual behavior in
      the female rat.
AB  - Various components of sexual receptivity were measured in ovariectomized, estrone
      primed female rats following direct placement of luteinizing hormone releasing
      hormone (LH-RH) or a LH-RH antiserum into the medial preoptic area. Two hours
      after treatment with LH-RH antiserum, rats showed a significant increase in
      lordosis behavior indicative of increased sexual receptivity. When tested 3 and 7
      hours after treatment, both LH-RH antiserum and LH-RH-treated rats displayed
      increased lordosis behavior. Similar treatment with a specific peripheral LH-RH
      agonist and antagonist had no effect on sexual behavior. Proceptive behavior was
      absent or minimal in all groups and therefore was not affected by the different
      treatments. Similarly, there was no difference in the rejection quotients of the
      females representing the various treatment groups. These results demonstrate that
      the same behavioral response can be observed in animals treated centrally with LH
      RH and a highly specific LH-RH antiserum. Similar treatments with a specific
      peripheral LH-RH agonist or antagonist were without effect. These results suggest
      that the characteristics of LH-RH recognition sites in the brain are different
      from those in the pituitary.

PMID- 6374686
TI  - Behaviors induced by intrastriatal dopamine vary independently across the estrous
      cycle.
AB  - Unilateral intrastriatal injections of dopamine (DA; 25 micrograms/0.25
      microliters) or amphetamine ( AMPHET ; 25 micrograms/0.25 microliters) induced
      contralateral postural deviation and contralateral rotation that varied
      systematically across the estrous cycle of Long-Evans hooded rats. Both the
      deviation and rotation elicited by either drug were suppressed during the early
      part of the day of proestrus (2-6 hours after lights on) and were enhanced on the
      day of estrus, compared to the other days of the estrous cycle. However, when the
      behaviors elicited by the two drugs were examined across the day of proestrus, it
      was found that postural deviation and rotation changed independently. Postural
      deviation elicited by intrastriatal DA and AMPHET was suppressed on the day of
      proestrus at 4 and 7 hours after lights on, but was enhanced to the level seen
      during estrus at 11 hours after lights on. In contrast, contralateral rotation
      induced by either drug was suppressed 4, 7 and 11 hours after lights on and was
      enhanced only by the morning of estrus. These data suggest that there are
      separate DA-modulated mechanisms within the striatum for postural deviation and
      contralateral rotation, and that these mechanisms are differentially affected
      across the estrous cycle.

PMID- 6374687
TI  - Estradiol application to one striatum produces postural deviation to systemic
      apomorphine.
AB  - In order to test whether estrogen acts directly in the dorsal striatum to affect
      dopamine-mediated behavior, ovariectomized female Long-Evans rats were given a
      unilateral striatal application of estradiol, injected systemically with
      apomorphine (APO), and tested for lateralization of stereotypic behaviors. In the
      first experiment, estradiol, cholesterol, or an empty cannula was inserted and
      the rat given 0.7 mg/kg APO 1-4 hours later. Rats directed their stereotypic
      behaviors to the side ipsilateral to the insert of estradiol with dorsal striatal
      inserts, but not with inserts in ventral striatum or neocortex. Neither
      cholesterol nor the empty cannula inserts were effective in producing
      lateralization of the stereotypic behaviors. In the second experiment,
      intrastriatal inserts of 17 alpha-estradiol were ineffective in producing a
      lateralization of APO-induced stereotyped behavior. In the third experiment,
      several doses of APO (0.07, 0.75 and 3.0 mg/kg) were tested. At the highest dose
      no lateralization of APO-induced stereotypic behavior was observed. These results
      strongly suggest that estradiol acts directly in the dorsal striatum to
      antagonize APO and thus produce a lateralization of stereotypic behaviors
      (postural deviation).

PMID- 6374688
TI  - Influence of Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane on plasma insulin and glucose
      concentration of normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats.
AB  - The influence of Tris buffer on plasma glucose and insulin concentrations was
      investigated in pentobarbital-anesthetized (60 mg/kg i.p.) Wistar rats. A bolus
      injection of neutralized Tris (5 mmol/kg; pH 7.4) caused a transient increase of
      plasma insulin concentration (+ 130 +/- 20 microU/ml; means +/- S means, n = 6)
      but did not change the glucose concentration. A continuous infusion of Tris (0.5
      mmol/kg X min for 90 min) reduced the plasma glucose concentration from 8.7 +/-
      0.42 to 5.1 +/- 0.33 mmol/l after 30 min. The plasma insulin concentration was
      elevated during the first 20 min (maximum +122 +/- 21 microU/ml after 10 min). In
      streptozotocin-diabetic rats (75 mg/kg i.v., 48 h prior to the experiments) an
      infusion of Tris changed neither glucose nor insulin concentration in plasma. The
      results indicate that in the rat Tris-induced hypoglycemia is always associated
      with a transient stimulation of insulin secretion.

PMID- 6374694
TI  - Role of the physical therapist at pain treatment centers. A survey.
AB  - A nationwide survey of pain treatment centers was conducted for the purpose of
      investigating the role of the physical therapist at the centers. The majority of
      centers employing a physical therapist treated both inpatients and outpatients.
      Cervical and low back pain were the most common types of pain. The treatments
      most commonly used were an individualized exercise program, relaxation training,
      transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, and instruction in body mechanics.
      The majority of therapists attended staff meetings once a week, were responsible
      for teaching classes related to physical therapy, and were involved in some type
      of patient follow-up. Almost half of the therapists were engaged in pain research
      and clinical education.

PMID- 6374695
TI  - Oxygen requirement for near-UV mediated cytotoxicity of phenylheptatriyne to
      Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6374696
TI  - Comparison of the phototoxicity of alpha-terthienyl with that of a selenium and
      of an oxygen analogue.

PMID- 6374697
TI  - Effects of aging on the respiratory system.

PMID- 6374698
TI  - 28th APS president: William F. Hamilton.

PMID- 6374699
TI  - History of the Cardiovascular Section.

PMID- 6374700
TI  - The 1941-42 search for an APS emblem.

PMID- 6374701
TI  - Nutrition as a modulator of the aging process.

PMID- 6374702
TI  - [15 years of heart transplantation].

PMID- 6374704
TI  - [Anniversary on the frontier].

PMID- 6374703
TI  - [In Bielsk Podlaski].

PMID- 6374705
TI  - Location of a function on RP1 that fertility inhibits Inc W plasmids.
AB  - Two fertility inhibition (Fi+) functions which reduce R388 (Inc W) transfer were
      detected on RP1 (Inc P). Neither function affected R388 -mediated surface
      exclusion but they could be distinguished by their effect on pilus production.
      One of the functions was located in the 6.5-kb Pst1 -C region of RP1, part or all
      of which also occurs on six Fi+ but not two Fi- Inc P plasmids studied.

PMID- 6374706
TI  - The anatomy of the orbicularis oris muscle in unilateral cleft lip based on a
      three-dimensional histologic reconstruction.
AB  - The midface of a full-term, stillborn infant with a right complete unilateral
      cleft lip and palate has been examined by serial histologic sections and a three
      dimensional model has been created. The arrangement of the orbicularis oris
      muscle fibers observed differs markedly from previous descriptions. There is a
      chaotic arrangement of muscle fibers with no separate muscle layers
      distinguishable. Muscle fibers on both sides of the cleft insert into the dermis,
      although the amount of muscle on the medial side is quite sparse compared with
      the lateral side. There is no evidence of muscle bundles paralleling the cleft
      margins. An unexpected finding is a significant number of muscle fibers streaming
      over the cleft ala. In view of these findings, differing as they do from previous
      reports, there would seem to be strong justification for histologic investigation
      of the arrangement of muscle fibers in cleft lip to be repeated as further
      specimens become available.

PMID- 6374707
TI  - Collagen production and types in fibrous capsules around breast implants.
AB  - This study demonstrates that increased collagen production but not an altered
      ratio of type III:I collagen is associated with breast capsular contracture. From
      these findings and previous data, therefore, it appears that capsular contracture
      is associated with increased foreign-body response biochemically as well as
      histologically. Further studies are required to directly assess the reasons for
      contraction around some implants and not others; however, it appears that control
      of capsular contracture may be achieved by controlling biochemical as well as
      cellular events associated with contraction. Such studies remain to be done.

PMID- 6374708
TI  - Donor-site morbidity after harvesting rib and iliac bone.
AB  - Morbidity following 104 bone graft harvesting operations (60 iliac, 44 rib) in 72
      patients is documented. Early morbidity of iliac donor sites was found, as
      expected, to be far greater than that of rib donor sites. However, long-term
      follow-up reveals that while hip symptoms largely resolve, a significant number
      of chest-wall sites cause persistent, unpleasant pain. Technical ways of
      minimizing problems are also discussed. When procuring an iliac graft, a lateral
      skin incision and a medial bony approach are used if possible. If full-thickness
      ilium is required, the crest should be left intact or raised and replaced as a
      trapdoor .

PMID- 6374709
TI  - Meningomyelocele closure with distally based latissimus dorsi flap.
AB  - Our experience with the distally based latissimus dorsi flap in 12 patients (7
      primary closures and 5 secondary procedures) indicates that it is an extremely
      reliable and useful flap in this setting. It provides coverage of the dural
      repair with viable soft tissues under a minimum of tension. The suture lines are
      distant from the dural closure, the donor defect closes primarily, and in the
      event of a complete failure, the contralateral latissimus dorsi remains
      available. In those cases of meningomyelocele where direct primary closure is not
      possible, we view this as the procedure of choice.

PMID- 6374710
TI  - Priorities in plastic surgery.
AB  - The study of historical priorities in plastic surgery must be based on
      established principles in the field instead of mere chronology. Examples of
      application of these principles to two landmarks in plastic surgery are given.
      The reader is commended to adhere to these principles in the study of other
      developments in plastic surgery.

PMID- 6374711
TI  - [Psychiatry of the physician J.C. Reil--a critical view].
AB  - Reil (1759-1813) was one of the doctors who developed psychiatry in Germany. He
      represented a materialist psychiatry with dialectical aspects. His concept, which
      was orientated mainly on therapy, is based on the assumption that mental
      disturbances can be healed. He proposed the establishment of psychiatric
      hospitals in order to eliminate the hospitalization of the sick in the same
      building as healthy and to permit the application of specific forms of treatment.
      The methods he used to heal mental disorders were partly repressive, but they
      also contained elements of psychotherapeutic treatment.

PMID- 6374712
TI  - Imagery and laughter: nursing interventions.

PMID- 6374713
TI  - The hard core.

PMID- 6374714
TI  - Psychiatric private practice in Quebec and Ontario: urban-rural and francophone
      anglophone differences.

PMID- 6374715
TI  - Marital intimacy and family functioning.

PMID- 6374716
TI  - Integrative approach to general hospital psychiatry: indices of usefulness.

PMID- 6374717
TI  - Suicide in psychiatric patients.

PMID- 6374718
TI  - Normalization of dexamethasone test associated with social support system
      improvement.

PMID- 6374719
TI  - More for the mind. Twenty years later, the Canadian experience.

PMID- 6374720
TI  - The efficacy of amoxapine, maprotiline, and trazodone in comparison to imipramine
      and amitriptyline: a review of the literature.

PMID- 6374721
TI  - Research and methodological issues for evaluating the therapeutic effectiveness
      of antidepressant drugs.

PMID- 6374722
TI  - Speed of onset of action of the newer antidepressants.

PMID- 6374723
TI  - A brief review of the effects of diazepam on memory.

PMID- 6374724
TI  - Chemical and biological classification of proteins.

PMID- 6374725
TI  - [Ethical values and medical knowledge between the 12th and 14th centuries.
      Problems and themes in research].

PMID- 6374726
TI  - Aims and intentions of botanical and zoological classification in the Middle Ages
      and Renaissance.

PMID- 6374727
TI  - Operative versus conceptual classification of animal behaviour.

PMID- 6374728
TI  - A nurse who made a difference.

PMID- 6374729
TI  - The effects of pancreatectomy on the sheep fetus in utero.
AB  - The effects of the removal of the fetal pancreas on the fetal metabolite
      concentrations and body weight have been investigated in chronically catheterized
      sheep fetuses during the last third of gestation. Between 390 and 1175 mg of
      pancreatic tissue was removed under halothane anaesthesia from sixteen fetuses
      between 113 and 121 d of gestation (term = 147 +/- 2d). In six fetuses from which
      928 +/- 58 mg of pancreas had been removed the insulin level (3.4 +/- 0.3 micro
      micron/ml, n = 6) was below or equal to the limit of sensitivity of the assay. As
      only very small pieces of pancreas, if any, could be found in these fetuses at
      delivery, removal of the pancreas was regarded as complete in these animals.
      Pancreatectomy was incomplete in five fetuses from which 659 +/- 62 mg of
      pancreas had been removed. Insulin was detected in the plasma of these fetuses
      although the mean concentration (9.1 +/- 0.7 micro micron./ml, n = 5)
      significantly less than that in sham-operated animals (P less than 0.01). Small
      fragments of pancreas (0-26 mg) containing endocrine cells were found in these
      fetuses at delivery. Fetuses from which less than 50% of the pancreas had been
      removed had plasma insulin and metabolite concentrations similar to those of the
      sham-operated fetuses. Significant amounts of histologically normal pancreas were
      found in these fetuses at delivery. The plasma concentrations of glucose,
      fructose and alpha-amino nitrogen were significantly greater in the incompletely
      and completely pancreatectomized fetuses than in the sham-operated animals (P
      less than 0.01). In addition, the completely pancreatectomized animals also had
      higher plasma levels of lactate and free fatty acids than the sham-operated
      fetuses (P less than 0.01). There were no significant differences in the urea
      concentrations between sham-operated and pancreatectomized fetuses, but the fetal
      to maternal concentration difference in arterial plasma urea was greatest in the
      completely pancreatectomized fetuses (P less than 0.05). The hypoinsulinaemic
      fetuses were significantly smaller in birth weight than the sham-operated animals
      (P less than 0.02). The results show that removal of about 70% of the fetal
      pancreas will produce hypoinsulinaemia in the fetus and confirm that the pancreas
      is essential for normal growth and development in utero.

PMID- 6374730
TI  - Trace elements in human health and disease.

PMID- 6374731
TI  - Use of the functionally generated path to establish precise occlusion in
      restorative dentistry.

PMID- 6374732
TI  - A one-step putty-wash impression technique utilizing vinyl polysiloxanes.

PMID- 6374733
TI  - The iconography of the dental profession.

PMID- 6374734
TI  - Effective post-hole preparation for prefabricated posts.

PMID- 6374735
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of 3 miniaturized systems (API 20E, Enterotube II,
      Sensititre AP60) commonly used in clinical microbiology laboratories].
AB  - API 20E, Enterotube II, Sensititre AP60 have been evaluated. Some biochemical
      tests (lysine, ornithine, VP, H2S, adonitol , arabinose, citrate) have revealed
      significative differences among three systems. The total correlations about
      bacterial identifications have been very similar. The repetibility of
      identifications of strains isolated from clinical specimens has been 98.7% for
      Enterotube and API 20E, 95.5% for Sensititre . The biochemical tests have
      revealed repetibility greater than or equal to 94%, citrate repetibility instead
      has been 91%.

PMID- 6374736
TI  - [Comparison of AMS and MS-2 in the identification and antibiotic sensitivity of
      clinically isolated bacterial strains].
AB  - 282 clinical bacterial strains have been identified with AMS and MS-2. Among
      biochemical tests only lysine, adhonitol , glucose did not show significant
      differences. The overall correlation has been 86.3%. The results of the
      susceptibility to antimicrobial agents on 98 bacterial strains revealed an
      overall agreement of 79.3%, an essential agreement of 91%.

PMID- 6374737
TI  - [Bacteriological studies of materno-fetal infections caused by group B
      Streptococcus].
AB  - A screening, that we have carried out on pregnant women, has allowed to isolate
      33 strains of group B Streptococci (19.8%) on the vervical -vaginal mucous
      membrane. The newborn's colonization was of 20%. No infectious disease was
      observed in the newborn. The simplicity and the practicability of the methodology
      are an useful contribution to the prevention of these possible maternal-foetal
      diseases.

PMID- 6374738
TI  - [Seroimmunologic studies in boutonneuse fever. I. Evaluation of a commercial
      micro-immunofluorescence kit in the serodiagnosis of boutonneuse fever].
AB  - The diagnosis of Boutonneuse Fever usually depends on clinical evidence (summer
      occurrence, fever, tache noire at the site of the tick bite, in 30-70% of cases,
      erythemato -papular rash, prompt response to chloramphenicol or tetracycline
      treatment). Serological confirmation is difficult since the only diagnostic
      procedure currently feasible, the Weil-Felix test, is not specific. Other more
      specific diagnostic procedures (agglutination, complement fixation, ELISA,
      indirect immunofluorescence tests) are beyond the possibilities of most
      laboratories (antigens are not available from the market). In the present paper,
      results obtained with a new commercially produced kit for indirect
      immunofluorescence are reported. Sera from patients with infectious and non
      infectious diseases as well as Boutonneuse Fever (at various stages of illness,
      from 6 days to 12 months) were examined. Sera from blood donors were also
      included. Specificity and sensitivity were satisfactory as well as
      reproducibility of results. Some apparently false positivities must be related to
      the present epidemiological pattern in western Sicily, and namely to the
      incidence of asymptomatic cases of Boutonneuse Fever, as demonstrated by recent
      works.

PMID- 6374739
TI  - Strain differences in the response of mouse testicular stem cells to fractionated
      radiation.
AB  - The survival of spermatogonial stem cells in CBA and C3H mice after single and
      split-dose (24-hr interval) irradiation with fission neutrons and gamma rays was
      compared. The first doses of the fractionated regimes were either 150 rad
      (neutrons) or 600 rad (gamma). For both strains the neutron survival curves were
      exponential. The D0 value of stem cells in CBA decreased from 83 to 25 rad upon
      fractionation; that of C3H stem cells decreased only from 54 to 36 rad. The
      survival curves for gamma irradiation, which all showed shoulders, indicated that
      C3H stem cells had larger repair capacities than CBA stem cells. However, the
      most striking difference between the two strains in response to gamma radiation
      was in the slopes of the second-dose curves. Whereas C3H stem cells showed a
      small increase of the D0 upon fractionation (from 196 to 218 rad), CBA stem cells
      showed a marked decrease (from 243 to 148 rad). The decreases in D0 upon
      fractionation, observed in both strains with neutron irradiation and also with
      gamma irradiation in CBA, are most likely the result of recruitment or
      progression of radioresistant survivors to a more sensitive state of
      proliferation or cell cycle phase. It may be that the surviving stem cells in C3H
      mice are recruited less rapidly and synchronously into active cycle than in CBA
      mice. Thus, it appears that the strain differences may be quantitative, rather
      than qualitative.

PMID- 6374740
TI  - Long-lasting depression of rabbit aortic prostacyclin formation by single-dose
      irradiation.
AB  - Male rabbits were exposed to a single irradiation dose of 1000-5000 rad when 12,
      15, 16, and 17 months old and were killed when 18 months old (i.e., 1, 2, 3, and
      6 months after irradiation). Even after this long interval after irradiation,
      abdominal aortic prostacyclin formation was significantly depressed, whereas the
      nonirradiated thoracic aortic segment exhibited no significant alteration in
      vascular PGI2 generation. The data show that the severe decrease in PGI2
      synthesis was not caused by deendothelialization induced by irradiation alone.
      The data support the view that a deterioration in the prostaglandin system
      regulating hemostatic balance is an important determinant in the development of
      radiation-induced vasculopathy.

PMID- 6374741
TI  - Characterization of a new radiation-sensitive mutant, Escherichia coli K-12
      radC102.
AB  - A new radiation-sensitive mutant, radC , has been isolated. The radC gene is
      located at 81.0 min on the Escherichia coli K-12 linkage map. The radC mutation
      sensitized cells to uv radiation, but unlike most DNA repair mutations,
      sensitization to X rays was observed only for rich medium-grown cells. For cells
      grown in rich medium, the radC mutant was normal for gamma-radiation mutagenesis,
      but showed less uv-radiation mutagenesis than the wild-type strain; it showed
      normal amounts of X- and uv-radiation-induced DNA degradation, and it was
      approximately 60% deficient in recombination ability. The radC strain was normal
      for host cell reactivation of gamma-and uv-irradiated bacteriophage lambda; the
      radC mutation did not sensitize a recA strain, but did sensitize a radA and a
      polA strain to X and uv radiation and a uvrA strain to uv radiation. Therefore,
      we suggest that the radC gene product plays a role in the growth medium
      dependent, recA gene-dependent repair of DNA single-strand breaks after X
      irradiation, and in postreplication repair after uv irradiation.

PMID- 6374742
TI  - An effect of elevated postirradiation pH on the yield of double-strand breaks in
      DNA from irradiated bacterial cells.
AB  - Exposure of DNA isolated from irradiated cells of Escherichia coli to a pH of 9.6
      caused a marked increase in the yield of double-strand breaks (dsb). The dsb were
      measured by sedimentation analysis of E. coli chromosomal DNA using neutral
      sucrose gradients. After incubation for 4 hr at 37 degrees C and pH 9.6 the dsb
      yields were 95% and 71% higher than when incubation was at pH 7.0 for irradiation
      under oxic and anoxic conditions, respectively. This effect was not apparent when
      dsb were induced enzymatically and it was linearly related to radiation dose.
      After oxic irradiation, the increase in dsb at pH 9.6 was consistent with first
      order kinetics over greater than 2 half-lives (t1/2 = 1.6 hr at 37 degrees C).
      The effect of elevated pH was largely additive to a previously reported increase
      in dsb yield caused by ethanol. It is proposed that the effects of elevated pH
      and of ethanol revealed the presence in intracellularly irradiated DNA of
      previously unidentified sites where both strands of the DNA were damaged as a
      result of single radiation events. The possible nature of the proposed sites and
      the relevance of these findings to the "neutral" elution technique are discussed.

PMID- 6374743
TI  - Dose- and time-related quantitative and qualitative alterations in the
      granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cell (GM-CFC) compartment of dogs after total
      body irradiation.
AB  - The effects of single-dose total-body X irradiation (TBI) on the
      granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cell (GM-CFC) population in bone marrow and
      blood of dogs were studied for dose levels of 0.78 and 1.57 Gy up to 164 days
      after irradiation. The blood GM-CFC concentration per milliliter was depressed in
      the first 7 days in a dose-dependent fashion to 5-16% of normal after 0.78 Gy and
      to between 0.7 and 5% after 1.57 Gy. The bone marrow GM-CFC concentration per
      10(5) mononuclear cells, on the other hand, was initially reduced to about 45% of
      the average pre-irradiation value after 0.78 Gy and to 23% after 1.57 Gy. The
      regeneration within the first 30 to 40 days after TBI of the blood granulocyte
      values and the repopulation of the bone marrow GM-CFC compartment was associated
      with both a dose-dependent increase in the S-phase fraction of the bone marrow GM
      CFC and a dose-dependent increase in colony-stimulating activity (CSA) in the
      serum. The slow repopulation of circulating blood GM-CFC to about only 50% of
      normal even between days 157 and 164 after TBI could be related to a
      correspondingly delayed reconstitution of the mobilizable GM-CFC subpopulation in
      the bone marrow.

PMID- 6374744
TI  - Platelet aggregation induced in mice by whole-body hyperthermia.
AB  - Whole-body hyperthermia ( WBH ) induced by 2450-MHz irradiation resulted in a
      decrease in platelet number in the circulating blood 3.5 hr after irradiation.
      Afterward, the treated mice developed thrombocytosis which peaked 3 days after
      WBH . This phenomenon was suppressed by administration of antiinflammatory drugs
      (methylprednisolone acetate and indomethacin) or aggregating inhibitors (heparin,
      pentoxifylline and dibutyryl cyclic AMP). These facts suggest that thrombocytosis
      occurring in treated mice arises to offset a deficiency of platelets induced by
      aggregations and adhesions. Further investigation of platelets in vitro indicated
      that the addition of plasma extract from mice treated with WBH to heated
      platelets induced a significant aggregation of platelets.

PMID- 6374745
TI  - [Modifying effect of deep hypoxia on neutron-irradiated mice].
AB  - Deep hypoxia was shown to influence the survival of animals, the state of the
      small intestine mucosa and the haemopoietic system. DMF (LD50/30) was 2.49 and
      1.66 with X- and neutron radiation, respectively. As to haemopoietic stem cells X
      irradiated in vivo, D0 was 0.96 +/- 0.04 Gy (control) and 2.82 +/- 0.14 Gy
      (anoxia). With neutron irradiation, D0 was 0.44 +/- 0.01 Gy and 0.8 +/- 0.03 for
      the control and experimental animals respectively.

PMID- 6374746
TI  - [Effect of thyroxine in the G0 stage of the cell cycle on the yield of chromosome
      aberrations in rat hepatocytes and human lymphocytes after X-irradiation].
AB  - A study was made of the mechanism of a modifying action of thyroxin (T4) on the
      chromosome integrity after the application thereof in vivo and in vitro following
      a single whole-body exposure to X-radiation with a dose of 2.19 Gy. It is
      concluded that T4 influences the quantity of cells with chromosome aberrations
      stimulating the recovery of the chromosome integrity: the stimulation can be
      brought about at the G0 stage of the cell cycle as a result of the direct effect
      of the hormone on a cell.

PMID- 6374747
TI  - [Effect of increased natural radioactivity on bone marrow morphology of Microtus
      oeconomus pall].
AB  - It was established that Microtus oeconomus Pall. living in territories with the
      increased radiation background exhibit focal myeloid hyperplasia in the bone
      marrow, changes in the maturation indices of erythroid and myeloid elements,
      increase in number of karyocytes due to the increase in their mitotic activity.
      It is suggested that activation of vole haemopoiesis is an adaptive reaction of
      the organism to the effect of the radioecological factor.

PMID- 6374748
TI  - [Gamma-radiation sensitivity of bacterial intergeneric conjugants Vibrio cholerae
      biotype Proteus X Serratia marcescens].
AB  - It was shown that among intergeneric conjugants of Vibrio cholerae biotype
      proteus (a donor) X Serratia marcescens (a recipient), growing in a medium with
      two antibiotics, most of the clones are similar, in their sensitivity to gamma
      radiation, to the recipient or only differ in their higher radioresistance. There
      are some clones with higher radiosensitivity.

PMID- 6374749
TI  - [Collaborative study on the determination of insulin with the Insulin ROTOP
      radioimmune test].

PMID- 6374750
TI  - Digital angiography.
AB  - The many available methods of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) are briefly
      reviewed. At present the most commonly used are temporal filtration techniques,
      which include conventional subtraction, integrated remasking , and various types
      of filtering. Their present use in intravenous, as well as intra-arterial, DSA is
      shown. The "moving mask" subtraction technique for cardiac and coronary studies
      is of particular interest. The current status of second-order subtraction
      techniques such as tomographic DSA and parametric digital imaging is presented.
      The latter method is particularly useful for demonstration of shunts. Finally,
      several examples of non-angiographic and future applications of digital
      radiography are presented.

PMID- 6374751
TI  - [State of the art and developmental trends of venous and arterial digital
      subtraction angiography in neuroradiology].
AB  - After presentation of principle and technology of digital subtraction angiography
      the results of 649 investigations with the peripheral venous method are
      demonstrated and first experience are discussed critically. In conclusion the
      method of venous digital subtraction angiography can be estimated as useful for
      an adequate diagnosis of the extracranial brain vessels. Diagnostic statements of
      the intracranial vessels by venous injection are limited, and therefore a
      combined investigation including normal angiography remains necessary. In the
      next future neuroradiological investigations cannot renounce from selective
      arterial techniques. It can be expected that normal angiographic investigations
      will be replaced by digital subtraction angiography with arterial injection of
      contrast medium.

PMID- 6374752
TI  - [Venous digital subtraction angiography in the diagnosis of arteriosclerotic
      diseases of the supra-aortic extracranial vessels].
AB  - In addition to non-invasive sonographic examinations the slightly invasive
      transvenous DSA has been shown to be useful in outpatients to demonstrate
      acceptable images of the supraaortic extracranial vessels. In preselected
      patients (n = 140) different atherosclerotic lesions of the examined angiographic
      region could be diagnosed by DSA. Images of diagnostic quality including the
      carotid bifurcation could be found in 88% using three examination-sequences in
      different standardized projections; only 43% of cases could be diagnosed
      following two sequences. Compared with conventional angiography DSA showed an
      identical imaging of the carotid bifurcation in 22 of 25 cases. Using an
      additional o.m. projection of the skull base (n = 80) internal carotid arteries
      could be analyzed in all cases, vertebral arteries in 80% and the basilar artery
      in 82%.

PMID- 6374753
TI  - [Transvenous digital subtraction angiography for the diagnosis of renal artery
      stenosis in arterial hypertension. A comparison with conventional angiography].
AB  - Venous digital subtraction angiography was performed in 248 patients for the
      diagnosis of renal arterial stenosis. In 88% of the investigations the digital
      subtraction angiograms were of diagnostic value. Comparison of digital
      angiography and conventional angiography was made for 57 renal arteries (25
      investigations). In 52 renal arteries we found the same results with both
      methods, in 5 renal arteries the digital angiography showed false positive
      results. The spatial resolution of digital subtraction angiography is sufficient
      for the correct diagnosis of significant renal arterial stenosis. With regard to
      the lower invasion of digital subtraction angiography compared to conventional
      angiography the first method should be used for clarification of renal arterial
      hypertension.

PMID- 6374754
TI  - [Intravenous subtraction angiography as a control examination following blood
      vessel surgery].
AB  - 21 patients were examined after different, mostly peripheral vessel operations by
      intravenous angiography in combination with photographic subtraction. In all
      cases there was a diagnostic reliability on the documented findings. Structure of
      vessel-side, morphology of stenoses, formation of a collateral circulation,
      functioning of bypasses and arteriovenous shunts could be judged sufficiently by
      the conventional intravenous subtraction angiography (ISA). As a convenient
      method for the control of the arterial vessel side after vessel operation and
      angioplasty, the ISA is a suitable method when the digital subtraction
      angiography is not available. The image quality of the ISA at present is at least
      equivalent to that of the DVSA .

PMID- 6374755
TI  - [X-ray morphology and differential diagnosis of chondrosarcomas with special
      reference to rare localizations].
AB  - The radiological appearance of chondrosarcoma, especially in their less common
      skeletal sites, is described. Variations in the radiographic manifestations are
      mentioned and the difficulties of differential diagnosis, especially in the long
      bones, ribs and hands, are stressed.

PMID- 6374756
TI  - Indium-111-labeled leukocyte localization in hematomas: a pitfall in abscess
      detection.
AB  - Indium-111-labeled white-blood-cell scanning is a useful modality in abscess
      detection and has replaced gallium scanning in many institutions. Sensitivities
      of 72% to 90% and specificities of 90% to 100% have been reported. In searching
      for abscesses seven cases of indium-111-labeled leukocyte uptake were encountered
      in collections subsequently proved to be noninfected hematomas. Abundant red
      blood cells with few or no white blood cells, no bacteria, and a benign clinical
      course identified these noninfected hematomas. Five of the patients were being
      treated with hemodialysis and three were recent allograft recipients. The results
      indicate some limitation and nonspecificity in indium-111 scanning, despite its
      many benefits.

PMID- 6374757
TI  - EKG-gated digital subtraction angiography in the detection of pulmonary emboli.
AB  - Detection of pulmonary emboli was investigated using electrocardiographically
      gated (EKG-gated) intravenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in 6
      anesthetized and paralyzed dogs. Six autologous blood clots were introduced into
      the internal jugular vein of each dog and both conventional pulmonary angiography
      and EKG-gated DSA performed in frontal and oblique projections. When two
      observers scored any definite or equivocal embolus as positive, sensitivity was
      82.1% for one and 92.9% for the other; the respective positive predictive values
      (PPV) were 88.5% and 65%. When only definite emboli were considered positive,
      sensitivity was 75% for one observer and 71.4% for the other; PPV was 100% for
      both. The authors conclude that DSA can demonstrate individual emboli with good
      sensitivity and excellent precision. If several emboli are present, EKG-gated DSA
      should prove highly accurate; however, care must be taken because
      overinterpretation is more likely with DSA than with conventional pulmonary
      angiography.

PMID- 6374758
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography: fundamental noise characteristics.
AB  - Detectability of low-contrast objects (vessels) in subtraction imaging depends on
      the noise properties of the image. There is a structure imposed upon the quantum
      noise that is due to the attenuation of the subtracted background object; this
      structure is referred to as a "noise print." It is shown to be a function of the
      manner of presubtraction processing (linear or logarithmic) and the local
      thickness of the attenuator in the x-ray beam path. The influence of the noise
      print on the visibility of vessels in subtraction images is demonstrated.

PMID- 6374759
TI  - Drug metabolism in the aged.

PMID- 6374760
TI  - A critical assessment of the use of lipophilic cations as membrane potential
      probes.

PMID- 6374761
TI  - Sugar transport in animal cells: the passive hexose transfer system.

PMID- 6374762
TI  - The effects of ionizing radiation on biomembrane structure and function.

PMID- 6374763
TI  - The auditory system of anuran amphibians.

PMID- 6374764
TI  - Effects of cannabis drugs on social behaviour of laboratory rodents.

PMID- 6374765
TI  - Research protocol on the usage of the Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) as a
      biological indicator of depressive illness. WHO collaborative study.

PMID- 6374766
TI  - Endocervical prostaglandin E2 gel for preinduction cervical softening.
AB  - A single, endocervical application of a new commercial preparation of
      prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) gel, 0.5 mg of PGE2 in 2.5 ml (3 g), was evaluated for
      preinduction cervical softening. Safety and efficacy were assessed in a
      comparison with a 2.0 mg PGE2 vaginal tablet and placebo in normal nulliparous
      women at term, with low Bishop scores. Treatment was administered in randomized,
      double blind fashion. Overall success, defined as a progression in Bishop score
      of at least 3 points within 12 hours, was achieved in 22/40 (55%) of the gel
      group, 15/41 (37%) in the tablet treated women, and 8/40 (20%) in those receiving
      placebo. Of interest was the observation that of women with very unfavorable
      induction features (Bishop score 0-2), the cervical gel treatment resulted in a
      6/8 (75%) success rate compared with 2/13 (15%) success for the vaginal tablet
      and 0/17 (0%) for placebo. In as much as a very low incidence of side effects
      accompanied this treatment scheme, expanded multi-center testing is recommended.

PMID- 6374767
TI  - Haemodynamic and renin responses to prostacyclin infusion in Na depleted and Na
      restricted sheep.
AB  - The haemodynamic and renin responses to prostacyclin (PGI2) infusion were
      examined in sheep during sodium depletion and dietary sodium restriction. The
      haemodynamic effects of PGI2 infusion in sodium depleted and sodium restricted
      sheep were similar to those obtained in the sodium replete animal. The renin
      proportionate response to PGI2 was not altered by sodium restriction but blunted
      by sodium depletion, compatible with the hypothesis that endogenous PGI2 is high
      in Na depletion.

PMID- 6374768
TI  - Action of PGI2 analogs on the pulmonary and systemic circulations in the
      conscious newborn lamb.
AB  - Previous work (Lock et al., J. Pharm . Exp. Ther. 215:156, 1980) has shown that
      conventional screening procedures for vasoactive PGI2 analogs were little value
      in predicting pulmonary vasodilator activity in the newborn lamb. To gain a
      better insight into the structural requirements for pulmonary vasoactivity and
      possibly identify useful compounds for the management of neonatal pulmonary
      hypertensive disorders, we have tested the following PGI2 analogs in normoxic and
      hypoxic newborn lambs: 15(S)-9-deoxy-15-methyl-9 alpha,6- nitrilo -PGF1 (analog
      I); 9-deoxy-9 alpha,5- nitrilo -PGF1 (analog II); (6S, 15S)-15-methyl-PGI2
      (analog III); and ( 6R , 15S)-15-methyl-PGI1 (analog IV). A prostaglandin analog
      mimicking PGI2 (compound BW245C ; (+/-)-5-(6- carboxyhexyl )-1-(3-cyclohexyl-3
      hydroxypropyl)hydantoin ) was tested as well. Compounds were injected into a
      branch pulmonary artery and any local pulmonary effect could be assessed from the
      change in the ratio of blood flow to the injected lung over total flow. None of
      the analogs tested proved to be a selective pulmonary dilator. BW245C was a
      potent peripheral vasodilator (threshold around 0.5 microgram/kg) and indirectly
      lowered pulmonary vascular resistance through its systemic effects. Analog I also
      dilated the systemic circulation, but only at the highest dose tested (100
      micrograms/kg). The latter finding is surprising because it was previously shown
      that the parent, non-methylated compound is a fairly potent and selective
      pulmonary vasodilator. Analog II and IV were inactive at a dose up to,
      respectively, 30 and 20 micrograms/kg. Analog III, on the other hand, weakly
      constricted the systemic circulation at a dose of 10 micrograms/kg.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6374769
TI  - Physiological concentrations of ADP stimulate the release of prostacyclin from
      bovine aortic endothelial cells.
AB  - ADP (0.2-200 microM) stimulated the synthesis of prostacyclin (PGI2), as
      reflected by the release of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-K-PGF1 alpha), in
      endothelial cells cultured from bovine aorta. This effect of ADP was mimicked by
      ATP, whereas AMP and adenosine were completely inactive. The release of 6-K-PGF1
      alpha triggered by ADP was rapid and onset (within 5 min), transient (10 min) and
      followed by a period of refractoriness to a new ADP challenge. Growing and
      confluent cells were equally responsive to ADP. ADP stimulated the release of
      free arachidonic acid from the endothelial cells. ADP could thus exert two
      opposite actions on platelet aggregation in vivo: a direct stimulation and an
      inhibition mediated by PGI2. This last action might contribute to limit thrombus
      formation to areas of endothelial cell damage.

PMID- 6374770
TI  - Request for permission to lower containment conditions for the cloning of the
      gene for Shiga-like toxin from E. coli.

PMID- 6374771
TI  - Insulinotropic and gastrin-releasing action of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP).
AB  - The effect of intravenous administration of gastrin-releasing peptide ( GRP ) on
      serum gastrin and insulin levels was studied in ad libitum fed and 24-h fasted
      rats. Administration of GRP (55 micrograms/kg body weight) caused a significant
      (P less than 0.05) elevation in serum gastrin levels at 10, 30, 60, and 120 min
      in the rats fed ad libitum, whereas in the fasted rats, gastrin levels rose
      significantly only at 10 min. GRP did not cause insulin release in fasted rats,
      but in the fed rats, it led to a significant elevation in serum insulin levels at
      10 and 30 min, in comparison to controls. GRP appears to have an insulinotropic
      action in addition to a gastrin-releasing effect.

PMID- 6374772
TI  - [Basic and clinical evaluation of a radioimmunoassay kit for serum insulin by the
      bead solid phase method].

PMID- 6374773
TI  - [Dating and measurements of radioactive isotopes with accelerator mass
      spectrometry].

PMID- 6374774
TI  - [Peridural anesthesia with etidocaine. Clinical studies on the effect of
      vasoconstrictors on sensory and motor blockade].
AB  - In a randomized double-blind study etidocaine 1.5% without a vasoconstrictor (n =
      10), with adrenaline 1:200,000 (n = 10) and with ornipressine 1 IU/10 ml (n = 10)
      were administered epidurally to 30 orthopaedic patients. Sensory blockade was
      tested with electric pain stimuli; motor blockade was assessed with dynamometry
      during isometric plantar flexion of the foot and with the Bromage score; the
      intraoperative analgesia was determined as well. The development of sensory and
      motor blockade became faster and more intensive by addition of the two
      vasoconstrictors. The intraoperative analgesia, insufficient without
      vasoconstrictors, however, not to full satisfaction. Adrenaline improved the
      effects of etidocaine more than did ornipressine . The sole use of etidocaine
      without and with vasoconstrictors is not recommended for epidural anaesthesia for
      surgery of the lower extremities. It is the local anaesthetic of choice for
      intensifying motor blockade during already achieved analgesia.

PMID- 6374775
TI  - [Juvenile periodontitis--periodontosis. Current status].

PMID- 6374776
TI  - [Extrinsic discoloration of teeth].

PMID- 6374777
TI  - [Remembering an international master of dentistry and pioneer in endodontics:
      Henry Lentulo 1889-1981].

PMID- 6374778
TI  - Alcohol-induced liver injury. The role of oxygen.
AB  - Alcoholism is a major health problem, and one of its primary manifestations is
      alcoholic liver disease. The mechanisms responsible for the various forms of
      alcoholic liver disease--fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis--are at
      present poorly understood. Knowledge of these mechanisms is needed to provide a
      sound framework for the therapy and prevention of liver disease due to alcohol
      and for the identification of those individuals most susceptible to develop liver
      disease from alcohol abuse. These experiments were designed specifically to
      evaluate the postulate that ethanol-induced pericentral liver damage results from
      an accentuated gradient of decreasing oxygen tension leading to pericentral
      hypoxia. Microlight guides were used to detect NADH fluorescence, and miniature
      oxygen electrodes were employed to measure oxygen tensions from periportal and
      pericentral regions of the liver lobule from the perfused rat liver. With both
      techniques, ethanol treatment increased the hepatic oxygen gradient. This
      increase was blocked by the antithyroid drug propylthiouracil. Thus, these
      experiments provide evidence in support of the hypothesis that pericentral
      hypoxia is involved in the mechanism of ethanol-induced liver injury.
      Furthermore, low-flow hypoxia was shown to cause blebs in the pericentral region
      of the liver lobule in as little as 15 min. This surface blebbing could represent
      the mechanism for the well-known release of enzymes by impaired hepatic tissues.

PMID- 6374779
TI  - Commentary on the hypermetabolic state and the role of oxygen in alcohol-induced
      liver injury.
AB  - Centrilobular hypoxia has been postulated as a mechanism for the development of
      hepatocellular necrosis and fibrosis in alcoholic liver disease. Chronic ethanol
      ingestion in rodents results in increased hepatic oxygen consumption and in a
      steeper fall in oxygen tension between the periportal and the pericentral area of
      the lobule, rendering the pericentral area susceptible to hypoxia. Hepatocellular
      necrosis occurs when ethanol-fed animals are exposed to low atmospheric oxygen.
      In man, the existence of a hypermetabolic state is more tenuous, but suggested by
      an increased rate of ethanol elimination after chronic ethanol consumption that
      has been linked to increased oxygen consumption in animals. Also, decreases in
      hepatic blood flow and hepatic vein oxygen tension were found in alcoholics with
      histological evidence of liver-cell necrosis as compared to those without
      necrosis. It is postulated that in man, reduction in the availability of oxygen
      to the liver may be caused by miscellaneous conditions such as anemia,
      respiratory depression or infection, cigarette-smoking, or reduction of hepatic
      blood flow, but the contribution of one or more of these factors remains to be
      proven. Trials of the effect of propylthiouracil (PTU) on alcoholic hepatitis are
      based on the effect of this drug in decreasing the ethanol-induced hypermetabolic
      state and in preventing hepatocellular necrosis in animals exposed to low
      atmospheric oxygen. A tentative conclusion of the two small trials that have been
      completed is that PTU may be beneficial in moderately ill patients with a low
      mortality, but not useful in severely ill patients with a high mortality.

PMID- 6374780
TI  - Use of colchicine and steroids in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease.
AB  - To date, only one group has reported its clinical experience with colchicine
      therapy. This study included a randomized clinical trial of 22 patients and an
      open study of 53 patients. The beneficial effect of 1 mg colchicine daily for
      five days a week has been promising but not convincing. Corticosteroid therapy
      for the treatment of alcoholic hepatitis was evaluated in nine short-term
      randomized clinical trials that included 150 treated and 161 control patients
      with a mortality rate of 37 and 44%, respectively. In these studies,
      encephalopathy was present in 80 treated and 76 control patients with a mortality
      rate of 59 and 74%, respectively. None of these differences is significant. The
      studies did document that patients with mild disease require no specific therapy
      besides abstinence and general supportive measures; those with severe disease
      showed a trend toward better survival on corticosteroid therapy. This trend was
      strong in the earlier publications, but was absent in the most recent studies,
      which included the largest numbers of patients.

PMID- 6374781
TI  - [Infections in liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 6374782
TI  - [Clinical and radiological evaluation of cervical heterografts].

PMID- 6374783
TI  - [Treatment of orbital floor fractures using autogenous bone grafts].

PMID- 6374784
TI  - [Eosinophilic gastroenteritis].

PMID- 6374785
TI  - [Carlos Gonzalez Bueno].

PMID- 6374786
TI  - [Biologic and pathogenetic significance of Candida albicans infections].

PMID- 6374787
TI  - [Current state of composite resins as restorative materials].

PMID- 6374788
TI  - [Gingival margins in fixed prosthetics].

PMID- 6374789
TI  - [Interview with Dr. Mariano Sanz Martin, professor of prosthetic dentistry at the
      School of Dentistry in Valencia].

PMID- 6374790
TI  - [Non-gonococcal urethritis and prostatitis. Epidemiologic and etiologic aspects].

PMID- 6374791
TI  - [Immunology of the lymphatic follicle].

PMID- 6374792
TI  - [Clostridium difficile and pseudomembranous colitis].

PMID- 6374793
TI  - [McLeod's pneumodystrophy].

PMID- 6374794
TI  - [The interleukin system (monokines and lymphokines with immunoregulatory
      action)].

PMID- 6374795
TI  - [Calcium antagonists. Properties and current indications].

PMID- 6374797
TI  - [Malignant histiocytosis].

PMID- 6374796
TI  - [Bone Gla-protein (osteocalcin): a new metabolic marker of calcified tissues].

PMID- 6374798
TI  - [Diet and arterial hypertension. The problem of sodium and potassium].

PMID- 6374799
TI  - New adjuvant trials for resectable breast cancer at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori
      of Milan.

PMID- 6374800
TI  - Currently active protocols in the EORTC Breast Cancer Cooperative Group.

PMID- 6374801
TI  - [Technic for recording central neuron unit activity in the awake sheep].
AB  - This paper describes a technique for recording central neuron activity in
      conscious sheep. Using this technique, neuronal activity can be recorded using
      classical stereotaxic coordinates and without immobilizing the animal's head.

PMID- 6374802
TI  - Effect of continuous and oscillatory portal vein insulin infusion upon glucose
      induced insulin release in rats.
AB  - The present study was designed to determine the effect of low dose continuous and
      oscillatory intraportal insulin infusions upon subsequent glucose-induced insulin
      release. In overnight-fasted and anesthetized rats with indwelling catheters in
      the jugular vein, carotid artery, and mesenteric vein insulin was infused
      intraportally for 3 h via the mesenteric vein catheter at a continuous rate of 45
      microU/kg X min, or the same amount of insulin was administered at alternating
      high (72 microU/kg X min) and low infusion rates (18 microU/kg X min),
      respectively, in 2-, 4-, 8-, and 16-min cycles (oscillatory infusions). Another
      group received a continuous infusion of saline. Glucose (0.4 g/kg) was given i.v.
      30 min after the end of the insulin or saline infusion. During the 3-h infusion
      of insulin or saline the peripheral glucose level remained unchanged in all
      groups. In response to the i.v. glucose load peripheral arterial plasma insulin
      levels were significantly elevated after preceding oscillatory infusions compared
      to the continuous insulin infusion. As compared to the group receiving saline the
      glucose-induced insulin response after continuous insulin infusion was
      significantly reduced. The plasma glucose responses were not different except for
      inexplicably elevated glucose levels in the 4-min cycle group. No difference was
      observed for plasma glucagon levels in all groups. The present data demonstrate
      an augmented responsiveness of the beta-cell to glucose after a preceding
      oscillatory infusion of insulin and an impaired responsiveness to glucose after
      continuous insulin infusion. This indicates that an oscillatory insulin release
      might be of importance for an adequate regulation of beta-cell function.

PMID- 6374803
TI  - Long-term study of cloprednol in asthmatic patients.
AB  - Cloprednol was used in 18 steroid-dependent patients with chronic reversible
      bronchial obstruction over a period of 2 years with respect to HPA-axis function
      and effect on their clinical status. Patients were treated with a single morning
      dose of 5-12.5 mg orally. 16 patients were maintained clinically satisfactorily
      with little change in their steroid status. It was concluded that cloprednol was
      a satisfactory oral steroid in this group of patients when given as a one-daily
      morning dose.

PMID- 6374804
TI  - Childhood asthma: improved efficacy of pressurized terbutaline aerosol by use of
      a 750-ml spacer.
AB  - A bronchodilator aerosol, terbutaline sulphate, was administered to 18 asthmatic
      children, mean age 8.0 years (range 4.9-13.7 years) in a cross-over trial using
      either a common actuator or a 750-ml collapsible spacer. With the spacer, peak
      expiratory flow rate was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) at 5, 20, and 60
      min after administration of 0.25 mg terbutaline sulphate. The mean maximum value
      during this period was 92% of the predicted normal value with the spacer compared
      to 86% with the common actuator. The difference was significant (p less than
      0.01). This study confirms previous findings that a 750-ml spacer is beneficial
      in bronchodilator aerosol therapy in children with asthma.

PMID- 6374805
TI  - [Drug-induced respiratory disorders (I)].

PMID- 6374806
TI  - [Preload].

PMID- 6374807
TI  - [Presentation of Jose Vicente Bustillos. A paradox?].

PMID- 6374808
TI  - [Medical prescriptions in an unpublished manuscript of the 18th century from the
      S. Spiridon Hospital in Jassy (III)].

PMID- 6374809
TI  - [Establishment of dermato-venereologic clinics in Jassy and activity during the
      period of the acting professors (1882-1901)].

PMID- 6374810
TI  - [The activity of the first three titular professors of dermato-venereologic
      clinics: Gh. Demetriade, E.I. Mironescu and Gh. Nastase (1901-1962)].

PMID- 6374811
TI  - [Dermato-venereology in Jassy in the last 20 years (1962-1982)].

PMID- 6374812
TI  - [Aspects of prostaglandin involvement at the hepato-pancreatic level].

PMID- 6374813
TI  - [Multilateral and interdisciplinary study of children and young people for the
      purpose of optimizing the factors influencing behavioral development. I. Content
      and delimitation of the problem. Objectives and research methods. Significance of
      some predisposing factors].

PMID- 6374814
TI  - [Some facts concerning the cholera epidemic in Moldavia in 1848].

PMID- 6374815
TI  - [Comparative study of renin and cathepsin D in plasma and tissue].

PMID- 6374816
TI  - [Robert Koch (1843-1910), an honorary member of the Society of Physicians and
      Naturalists of Jassy].

PMID- 6374817
TI  - [Philosophy in the century of "luminaries"].

PMID- 6374818
TI  - [Effects of immunization and of insulin on the evolution of pathological
      cardiovascular processes induced by experimental dyslipidemia].

PMID- 6374819
TI  - [Therapeutic errors in the hyperprolactinic syndrome].

PMID- 6374820
TI  - [History of the water supply of the town of Jassy in the 18th and 19th century].

PMID- 6374821
TI  - [Slanic Moldova in documents of the past].

PMID- 6374822
TI  - [The Tutova Municipal Hospital in the Vaslui district: 75 years' activity].

PMID- 6374823
TI  - [A century of activity in preventive medicine at the Institute of Medicine and
      Pharmacy of Jassy (1882-1982)].

PMID- 6374824
TI  - [Homage to Prof. Mihai Ciuca on the 100th anniversary of his birth. Prof. Mihai
      Ciuca and the Jassy isolation hospital of contagious diseases].

PMID- 6374825
TI  - [Contribution of Academician Mihai Ciuca on the national and international levels
      to the prevention of malaria].

PMID- 6374826
TI  - [100 years after the birth of Dr. Mihai Ciuca (1883-1983)].

PMID- 6374828
TI  - [Ligature instruments and suture mechanics].

PMID- 6374827
TI  - [The place of hepatic transplantation today].

PMID- 6374829
TI  - [Tumor of the scalp invading the skull. Status after scalp removal and Reverdin's
      grafts].

PMID- 6374830
TI  - [Fatal thrombocytopenia in infectious mononucleosis. Case report and overview of
      the literature].

PMID- 6374831
TI  - [Epidemiology and risk factors of cerebral arterial accidents].
AB  - In France, available epidemiologic data (mortality statistics, Paris prospective
      study)--although still insufficient--indicate: 1) that arterial strokes account
      for about 13 per cent of all deaths, and 2) that their annual incidence in men
      aged 40 to 60 is around 0.6 per thousand and increases sharply thereafter. These
      results are comparable to those of other industrialized countries, with the
      exception of Japan where the actual incidence of arterial strokes seems to be
      higher. Age and high blood pressure are the major risk factors and causes of the
      various types of ischaemic and haemorrhagic arterial strokes. Several studies
      suggest that the treatment of hypertension significantly decreases the incidence
      of arterial strokes.

PMID- 6374832
TI  - Septic arthritis in young infants: clinical and microbiologic correlations and
      therapeutic implications.
AB  - In order to assess and correlate the bacteriology of neonatal septic arthritis
      with its clinical presentation, the records of nine infants with this disease
      that were diagnosed at Edmonton hospitals between 1964 and 1981 were reviewed and
      92 other cases reported in the English-language literature since 1960 were
      evaluated. All Edmonton cases developed outside of the hospital in previously
      healthy infants. A Streptococcus species was isolated in four of six patients
      from whom joint fluid was obtained before antibiotic therapy. Analysis of cases
      from the literature revealed a more variable bacteriology that seemed dependent
      on whether the case was hospital or community acquired. In 52 hospital-acquired
      cases, staphylococci were the predominant isolates (62%); next in frequency were
      Candida species (17%) and gram-negative enteric bacilli (15%). Community-acquired
      neonatal septic arthritis was most often caused by streptococci (52% of cases),
      staphylococci (26%), and gonococci (17%). Since 1970 the relative imbalance
      between staphylococcal (5%) and streptococcal (75%) isolates in community
      acquired neonatal septic arthritis is even more pronounced. This pattern
      emphasizes the importance of ensuring optimal coverage against penicillin
      sensitive organisms in community-acquired neonatal septic arthritis; this is in
      contrast to the situation with hospital-acquired arthritis, where wider-spectrum
      coverage against staphylococci and gram-negative enteric bacilli remains
      mandatory.

PMID- 6374833
TI  - The clinical spectrum of Nocardia brasiliensis infection in the United States.
AB  - Seven cases of infection due to Nocardia brasiliensis were identified over a 13
      year period at Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. These
      seven cases and a review of 55 cases in the literature reported from the United
      States show that N. brasiliensis can cause a wide spectrum of disease. Forty-six
      of the 62 patients had disease of skin and soft tissues. Cutaneous manifestations
      included cellulitis, pustules, ulcerations, pyoderma, subcutaneous abscesses, a
      lymphocutaneous syndrome, and mycetoma. Six patients had pleuropulmonary disease,
      and one patient had isolated central nervous system (CNS) involvement.
      Dissemination of disease, a characteristic generally attributed to Nocardia
      asteroides infection, was seen in eight instances. Patient ages ranged from one
      to 79 years; 51 of the patients were males. N. brasiliensis was an opportunistic
      pathogen in only 28% of the cases for which adequate clinical information was
      available, although trauma was an important predisposing feature of cutaneous
      disease (19 of 43 cases). Infection may be acquired either by cutaneous
      inoculation or respiratory inhalation. Clinical outcome is related to the site
      and extent of disease and to the presence or absence of serious underlying
      disease. All patients with skin and soft-tissue infections recovered, as did 83%
      of those with pulmonary involvement. For patients with disseminated or CNS
      disease, however, mortality was 67%. Traditional therapy with sulfonamides is not
      optimal for metastatic nocardial disease, and administration of trimethoprim
      sulfamethoxazole may increase rates of cure.

PMID- 6374834
TI  - The significance of nongonococcal, nonmeningococcal Neisseria isolates from blood
      cultures.
AB  - Nongonococcal, nonmeningococcal neisseriae are part of the normal respiratory
      flora and infrequently cause disease. These organisms include Neisseria
      lactamica, Neisseria mucosa, Neisseria sicca, Neisseria flavescens, Neisseria
      subflava , Neisseria perflava , Neisseria flava , and Branhamella catarrhalis
      (previously classified as Neisseria catarrhalis). Blood cultures positive for
      these bacteria have been associated with serious infections, including
      endocarditis, septicemia, and meningitis. In a retrospective survey of a 10-year
      period, 1970-1980, eight patients were identified at Hartford Hospital (Hartford,
      Conn.) whose blood cultures were positive for nongonococcal, nonmeningococcal
      neisseriae. In four patients, the neisseria blood isolates were associated with
      serious infections: two with endocarditis, one with sepsis, and one with
      meningitis. In four other patients, the neisseria blood isolates were
      contaminants.

PMID- 6374835
TI  - Identifying infectious etiologies of chronic disease.
AB  - Available information regarding possible infectious etiologies of insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus
      erythematosus is reviewed. The problems and limitations of classic methods in
      trying to prove a causal relationship between an infectious agent and a chronic
      disease are summarized. The authors suggest that these disease occur as a result
      of persistent infection triggering an immunologic response (which is destructive
      of host tissue) in genetically susceptible individuals. Prospective studies
      within families (wherein individuals most at risk for disease can be identified)
      before the onset or diagnosis of the chronic disease may offer the best approach
      to elucidating potential infectious etiologies.

PMID- 6374836
TI  - Risk factors in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: age- and sex-dependent host
      reactions or intensive exposure?
AB  - The central epidemiologic features of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)-
      young age of measles attack and overrepresentation or males--are usually
      explained as resulting from age- and sex-dependent host reactions. In this
      report, an alternative hypothesis is offered: intensive exposure, presumably due
      to the dose of infection, is a risk factor in the pathogenesis of SSPE. A
      hypothetical model of the influence of age and sex on the transmission of measles
      is suggested. According to this model, girls are exposed to measles more easily
      outside the home. Furthermore, small children are most likely to be exposed to
      measles at home. Consistent with this model is the fact that all studies indicate
      that female SSPE patients contract measles at a younger age than do male
      patients. Reports in the epidemiologic literature suggest that several
      characteristics of SSPE may result not from host reactions per se but from the
      distribution of intensive exposure to measles.

PMID- 6374837
TI  - Selective primary health care: strategies for control of disease in the
      developing world. XI. Dengue.
AB  - Since World War II, dengue viruses have progressively extended their geographic
      domain and have increased as causes of human morbidity and mortality. This
      complex of four flaviviruses is principally transmitted to humans by the bite of
      Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever vector. Factors that promote the indoor storage
      of water are congenial to the breeding of A. aegypti. These include the
      dislocations of wars, overpopulation , and urbanization. By the mid-20th century,
      A. aegypti eradication campaigns had nearly succeeded in much of the Western
      Hemisphere. Since then, there has been a steady degradation in ability to cope
      with this species despite the fact that a newly emerged, severe immunopathologic
      disorder, dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome, endows dengue epidemics
      with grave consequences. Development of a vaccine against dengue is complicated
      by the need to develop four different live attenuated vaccines and by a
      justifiable caution imposed by dengue immunopathology. A wide range of proven
      methods have been and are available to reduce populations of A. aegypti. This
      paper argues that the eradication strategy adopted earlier in this century is
      still viable and cost effective. Critical to a successful control program is a
      prioritied approach, a thorough, disciplined planning effort, a commitment to
      assessment, adequate compensation of staff, and, above all, the will to succeed.

PMID- 6374838
TI  - Koch's postulates and the search for the AIDS agent.

PMID- 6374839
TI  - Classics in infectious diseases. Letter from Theobald Smith to Edward Krumbhaar.

PMID- 6374840
TI  - [Preliminary results concerning the value of chemotherapy in the treatment of
      inoperable bronchial carcinoma (excluding small-cell anaplastic carcinoma)].
AB  - Inoperable non- microcellular primary bronchial carcinomas have been reputed up
      to now to be chemo-resistant. The introduction of Cis-platinum into a
      polychemotherapy protocol leads to revision of this concept. The authors report
      the preliminary results of a polychemotherapy protocol (including Cis-platinum,
      Vindesine, CCNU, Cyclophosphamide) associated, in cases of non- metastasized
      carcinomas, with radiotherapy to the tumour itself, the mediastinum and the
      supraclavicular fossae. These results confirmed the value of such chemotherapy in
      forms with metastases. In localised inoperable forms, conclusions could be
      reached only on the basis of a randomised comparative trial of chemotherapy +
      radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone.

PMID- 6374841
TI  - [Staphylococcal protein A in microbiological laboratory practice. II].

PMID- 6374842
TI  - [Demonstration of thermostable E. coli enterotoxin using the suckling mouse
      test].

PMID- 6374843
TI  - [The scientific activity of Prof. Mihai Ciuca].

PMID- 6374844
TI  - [Prof. C. Ionescu-Mihaiesti, a person of fundamental importance in the history of
      preventive medicine in Romania].

PMID- 6374845
TI  - Choosing the best alternative: a patient-removable partial.

PMID- 6374846
TI  - The SR Ivocap denture system.

PMID- 6374847
TI  - Improve your casting results with proper torch adjustment.

PMID- 6374848
TI  - Custom color communication system.

PMID- 6374849
TI  - Failures in the porcelain-bonded-to-metal technique: pitfalls to avoid.

PMID- 6374850
TI  - The Cerestore crown--is this the future of dental restorative veneering
      materials?

PMID- 6374851
TI  - Stress directing attachments: rigid, limited joint and universal joint.

PMID- 6374852
TI  - Etching of cobalt/chrome alloys for Maryland bridges.

PMID- 6374853
TI  - Organ procurement: the role of the New England Organ Bank.

PMID- 6374854
TI  - The NIH Consensus Development Conference on liver transplantation.

PMID- 6374855
TI  - National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference: liver
      transplantation.

PMID- 6374856
TI  - Corneal transplantation: current concepts and practices.

PMID- 6374857
TI  - Development of the protocol for organ procurements at Rhode Island Hospital.

PMID- 6374858
TI  - Case record: Rhode Island Hospital.

PMID- 6374859
TI  - [Surgical treatment of complex cardiac anomalies--recent results and topics].

PMID- 6374860
TI  - [Methods of evaluation of anti-angina agents].

PMID- 6374861
TI  - [Determination of anti dsDNA antibodies by immunofluorescence using Crithidia
      luciliae. I--Diagnostic and prognostic value in systemic lupus erythematosus.
      Comparison with the Farr radioimmunoassay].
AB  - Antibodies to double stranded (ds) DNA were sought by the indirect
      immunofluorescence method using Crithidia luciliae in 196 sera from patients
      suffering from hepatic, thyroid or inflammatory rheumatic disorders. Anti ds DNA
      antibodies were demonstrated in 29 out of 45 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
      sera. Lower titers were found in 3 out of 7 sera from drug-induced SLE, 2 out of
      6 from mixed connective tissue diseases, 1 out of 60 from scleroderma, 2 from
      unclassified arthritis, 8 out of 40 from rheumatoid arthritis with antinuclear
      factors, and in 4 out of 15 sera from chronic hepatitis. For SLE diagnosis the
      sensitivity of the method was 73 percent, its specificity was 87 percent. 84
      percent of these results were in agreement with those obtained with the Farr
      method, but titers did not correlate well. The sensitivity of the Farr method was
      64.5 percent, its specificity was 85 percent. In this study, high titers of anti
      ds DNA antibodies demonstrated on Crithidia Luciliae did not correlate with
      disease severity. Low titers of anti14C labelled DNA antibodies demonstrated by
      the Farr assay correlated with inactive SLE without nephritis. The
      immunofluorescence assay using Crithidia luciliae is a valid method to detect
      anti ds DNA antibodies but does not allow prognostic conclusions in SLE.

PMID- 6374862
TI  - [Remineralization of enamel caries. Application in preventive programs for high
      risk patients].

PMID- 6374863
TI  - [Primary prevention of chronic marginal gingivitis].

PMID- 6374864
TI  - [Acoustic trauma and the dentist].

PMID- 6374865
TI  - The 'overflow' theory of ascites formation: a fading concept?

PMID- 6374866
TI  - Comparative randomized, double-blind study of oxmetidine versus cimetidine for
      short-term treatment of duodenal and prepyloric ulceration.
AB  - 101 patients with endoscopically verified duodenal or prepyloric ulcerations were
      treated in a 4- to 8-week double-blind randomized trial with oxmetidine 400 mg
      twice daily (51 patients) or cimetidine 1 g daily (50 patients). Both groups had
      free access to antacid tablets for symptomatic relief. There were no significant
      differences between the two treatment alternatives with regard to ulcer healing,
      relief of ulcer pain, or antacid consumption. The ulcer healing rate after 4
      weeks of treatment was 80% in the oxmetidine group and 74% in the cimetidine
      group and, after 8 weeks, 92% and 86%, respectively. The differences in healing
      rate at 4 and 8 weeks and the corresponding 95% confidence limits were 6 +/- 16%
      and 4 +/- 13%, respectively. Both duodenal and prepyloric ulcerations healed to
      the same extent in the two regimens.

PMID- 6374867
TI  - Gut hormones in inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - We have studied fasting levels and the response to a standard test breakfast of
      blood glucose and several gut hormones in 24 patients with ulcerative colitis, in
      14 patients with Crohn's disease, and in 14 healthy control subjects. Patients
      with ulcerative colitis had significantly elevated fasting human pancreatic
      polypeptide (HPP) concentrations, and both basal and postprandial levels of
      gastrin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), and motilin were greater than
      normal. In contrast, patients with Crohn's disease had normal gastrin levels but
      had increased fasting and postprandial levels of GIP and motilin and, in
      addition, of enteroglucagon, compared with controls. These patients also had
      greater than normal HPP concentrations 30 min after the breakfast. Normal levels
      of insulin, pancreatic glucagon, neurotensin, and vasoactive intestinal
      polypeptide were found in both groups of patients. Much remains to be known about
      the pathophysiology of these two debilitating diseases, and the abnormal release
      of gut hormones may be of importance.

PMID- 6374868
TI  - Main causes of death in cirrhosis.
AB  - The main causes of 436 deaths among 532 patients with cirrhosis followed up for
      up to 16 years constituted liver failure (24%), liver failure with
      gastrointestinal bleeding (13%), gastrointestinal bleeding (14%), primary liver
      cell carcinoma (4%), other liver-related causes (2%), infections (7%),
      cardiovascular diseases (22%), extrahepatic malignancies (9%), and other non
      liver-related causes (5%). Totally, 57% died of liver-related causes. A high
      frequency of liver-related death was found among patients with a short
      observation time, high biochemical activity, pronounced change in liver
      architecture, ascites, and other signs of a poor prognosis at the time of
      diagnosis. The findings favoured the hypothesis that cirrhosis of the liver is a
      disease with an initial active and a subsequent inactive phase. Half of the
      patients were treated with prednisone, but this had no detectable influence on
      the distribution of causes of or on the frequency of single causes of death as
      infections or gastrointestinal bleeding. The group of patients responding
      favourably to prednisone treatment with regard to survival (non-alcoholic women
      without ascites) showed causes of death not different from those of the total
      material.

PMID- 6374869
TI  - Gastric acid secretion and its predictive value after vagotomy for perforated
      duodenal ulcer.
AB  - In a prospective randomized clinical trial, gastric acid secretion was compared
      in patients after simple closure, proximal gastric vagotomy with closure, or
      truncal vagotomy with pyloroplasty performed for perforated duodenal ulcer. The
      basal and pentagastrin- and insulin-stimulated acid outputs were similar after
      either proximal gastric or truncal vagotomy; they were also comparable with the
      postoperative acid values after corresponding procedures performed electively for
      chronic duodenal ulcer. Conversely, the basal and maximum acid outputs after
      simple closure of perforation were no different from the preoperative acid
      outputs of a group of duodenal ulcer patients matched for age and sex. The
      efficacy of acid reduction by emergency proximal gastric and truncal vagotomy was
      shown by the respective ulcer recurrence rate of 3% (1/34) and 6% (2/32) compared
      with 43% (15/35) after simple closure (p less than 0.01). Acid secretory data and
      serum gastrin levels did not predict ulcer relapse in patients after simple
      closure of perforation.

PMID- 6374870
TI  - Studies on gastrointestinal mucus.
AB  - Mucus is secreted throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The primary secretion is
      the water insoluble gel adherent to the mucosal surface but substantial amounts
      of mucus also occur in the lumen. The following are discussed: the functions of
      mucus; the structure and properties of mucus; study of the adherent mucus gel on
      the mucosal surface; the effects on mucus properties of proteolysis; thiol
      agents; bile salts; acid and hyperosmolar solutions. Much of our work on mucus
      has been with that from the stomach but where possible studies on the intestines
      and colon are discussed. Studies show that mucous secretions from the different
      regions of the gastrointestinal tract have similar rheological properties
      although the component glycoproteins differ in their detailed structure.

PMID- 6374871
TI  - Structure of the colon.
AB  - One's concept of the 'structure of the colon' is determined by the method used
      for examination: the radiologist, endoscopist, surgeon, pathologist, and electron
      microscopist have strikingly different perspectives. The gross and macroscopical
      anatomy, histology, and ultrastructure of the normal colorectum are reviewed. The
      structures primarily involved in secretion and motility, i.e. the mucosa and
      muscularis propria, are emphasised. Some important differences between human
      beings and experimental animals are described.

PMID- 6374872
TI  - Large bowel growth.
AB  - Developmental events in the large bowel have been studied pre- and post-natally
      and indicate that by birth, crypt organisation and kinetic activity are organised
      along adult lines. The period from birth to maturity is marked by an increase in
      crypt size and a massive increase in their number, with new crypts developing by
      a process of longitudinal fission from the base of existing ones. We know little
      of the fate of crypt size and number thereafter. Adaptive responses to resection
      or bypass of intestine are much less marked in large bowel when compared to small
      bowel, but in general postoperative responses have not been as extensively
      examined. Of the factors maintaining mass and cell turnover in large bowel mucosa
      simple luminal bulk seems to be most important, although a role exists for
      endocrine and neurovascular influences. Knowledge of growth, kinetic activity and
      adaptive responses in human large bowel is scanty and represents a large area for
      further study.

PMID- 6374873
TI  - The relationships between colonic motility and transport.
AB  - The salvage of unabsorbed nutrients, salt and water in the colon requires the
      integration of functions of bacterial digestion and epithelial transport with
      motor activity. However, the motor and transport functions of the colon are
      poorly understood owing to the inaccessibility of that organ. This paper
      discusses some of the ways in which motor activity may influence colonic
      absorption and vice versa, using examples taken from studies carried out in the
      small intestine. In particular, the effect of factors such as convection, transit
      time, reflex secretion and blood flow are discussed.

PMID- 6374874
TI  - Human colonic motility.
AB  - Abnormalities of colonic motility are believed to play a major role in many
      alimentary disorders. Progress in devising suitable therapies has been hampered
      by imperfect understanding of the complex factors that control colonic motility.
      Intrinsic and extrinsic nerves, endocrine and paracrine factors and the nature of
      the luminal contents all affect colonic motor activity (propulsive or segmental)
      in various degrees, the relative importance of which is difficult to assess.
      Recent evidence concerning these influences and abnormalities of colonic motility
      in various diseases is reviewed.

PMID- 6374875
TI  - The anal sphincter.
AB  - The anal sphincter has not generally stimulated great scientific interest
      although anatomical and physiological disorders of this region are common and may
      be the cause of considerable suffering to the individual affected. Over the last
      decade there has, however, been an accelerating interest in the function of this
      important sphincter.

PMID- 6374876
TI  - Vascular control in the colon and rectum.
AB  - Blood flow and its intramural distribution in the large and small intestines 'at
      rest' appear to be quite similar, but there are some obvious differences in the
      regulation of the circulation in these two viscera. Autoregulation of blood flow
      is well developed in most regions of the gut, with the exception of the colon in
      which total blood flow varies greatly with arterial blood pressure. However, the
      colonic autoregulatory capacity can be improved by increasing the metabolic
      demand of the tissue, e.g. by intra-luminal placement of nutrients. Metabolic and
      myogenic factors seem to be mutually responsible for autoregulatory behaviour in
      the large intestine. Functional vasodilatation occurs in the large intestine in
      response to increased metabolism, a reaction which can be evoked for instance by
      intra-luminal placement of volatile fatty acids. Mechanical stimulation of the
      mucosa in the proximal colon also elicits a local hyperaemic response which is
      postulated to be mediated via an intrinsic nervous reflex possibly releasing 5
      HT. In the distal colon and the rectum mechanical stimulation evokes a more wide
      spread hyperaemia which is reported to be the result of a pelvo -pelvic reflex
      with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) as a possible mediator. Activation
      of the sympatho-adrenal system causes constriction of the large intestinal
      resistance and capacitance vessels. Reflex increase in sympathetic activity, as
      in exercise or haemorrhage, causes a redistribution of flow and a mobilization of
      blood from the large intestine to other tissues, thereby, in stress situations,
      promoting the circulation in more vital organs such as the heart and brain. The
      most distal part of the large intestine, in particular the rectum, seems to have
      a unique extrinsic vasodilator control via the parasympathetic pelvic nerves.
      Activation of these nerves elicits a very pronounced and well maintained
      vasodilator response in the rectum but only a transient one in the distal colon.
      This neural vasodilator response is little affected by muscarinic blockade and,
      hence, largely non-cholinergic in nature. VIP is released from the colon and
      rectum during pelvic nerve stimulation, the rectal output being especially large
      and well correlated in time to the concomitant vasodilatation. The rectal vessels
      are very sensitive to VIP, and intra-arterial infusion of this peptide causes a
      vascular response which closely resembles that of pelvic nerve stimulation. Such
      evidence indicates that VIP might be the neurotransmitter responsible for the non
      cholinergic vasodilatation in the most distal part of the large intestine.

PMID- 6374877
TI  - Absorption and secretion of fluid and electrolytes by the rectum.
AB  - Although the amounts of ions and water absorbed and secreted by the rectum are
      small compared to those of other parts of the colon, rectal epithelium is capable
      of generating and maintaining considerable ionic gradients. Absorption of Na+ and
      Cl- and secretion of K+ and HCO-3 leads to relatively low concentrations of the
      former and high concentrations of the latter within the lumen. Detailed
      examination of the transport processes indicates that the epithelial mechanisms
      can be interpreted in terms of ionic movements through transcellular and
      paracellular pathways. These results show that the epithelium is relatively tight
      and largely amiloride-sensitive. Active Na+ absorption and apparent active K+ and
      HCO-3 secretion occur. The secretion of HCO-3 is related to Cl- and organic anion
      absorption. Mineralocorticoids increase the transepithelial potential difference
      (p.d.) as well as stimulating Na+ absorption and K+ secretion. Rectal epithelium
      may, with various physiological or pathological stimuli, become overtly secretory
      of a predominantly NaCl containing fluid but it remains uncertain whether some
      secretion is normally present although masked by absorption.

PMID- 6374879
TI  - Immunohistochemical identification of lymphocyte subsets and accessory cells in
      human hyperplastic lymph nodes. The functional significance of the
      compartmentalization of lymphoid tissue.
AB  - Biopsies from 21 lymph nodes with benign hyperplasia were examined by immuno
      enzymatic labelling of frozen sections with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. B
      cells (B1+, HLA-DR+, C3b receptor+/-) localized in primary follicles, secondary
      follicles, and areas adjacent to the subcapsular sinus. The B-cells in primary
      follicles and mantle zones of secondary follicles were indistinguishable ( SmIgD
      +, SmIgM +, CyIg -, T10-, CALLA-). B-cells adjacent to the subcapsular sinus
      demonstrated a higher density of SmIgM , and a weaker expression of SmIgD . The
      germinal centre cells showed a more differentiated phenotype ( SmIgD -, SmIgM +,
      CyIgM +/-), and also expressed T10 and CALLA. T-cells ( Lyt3 +, Lyt2+, Leu4 +,
      OKT6-, OKT10 -) localized in paracortial and interfollicular areas, and
      demonstrated a relative predominance of T-helper/inducer cells ( Leu3 +). T
      helper/inducer cells were also identified in secondary follicles. The B-cell
      areas contained dendritic reticulum cells (R4/23+, C3b-receptor+).
      Interdigitating reticulum cells (HLA-DR+, OKT6+/-) localized in T-cell regions.
      The cells in sinuses demonstrated monocyte/macrophage properties (MO2+, Ig+, C3b
      receptor+, HLA-DR+/-).

PMID- 6374878
TI  - Colonic absorption: the importance of short chain fatty acids in man.
AB  - The human large intestine absorbs Na+, Cl- and water from its lumen and secretes
      HCO-3 and some K+. The primary event in absorption is thought to be the active
      transport of Na+ ions out of the cell and across the baso-lateral cell membrane,
      by the energy requiring Na+-K+ ATPase. This leads in turn to Na+ entry into the
      cell via its luminal border and the creation of a potential across the mucosa
      which drives the transport of other ions. Cl- is coupled to HCO-3 secretion
      through a common carrier and K+ enters the intestinal lumen partly through an
      active secretory pathway. Most ions probably cross the epithelium by both
      transcellular and paracellular (shunt) pathways, water moving in response to
      solute transport. However the colon is not normally perfused by a saline
      bicarbonate solution. It contains an active microflora which ferment 30 g or more
      of carbohydrate daily, derived from diet and intestinal secretions, with the
      production of at least 300 mmol of short chain fatty acids (acetic, propionic and
      butyric acids). About 6 g of urea is also degraded to NH3. These metabolic
      processes result in the generation of solutes which are then transported across
      the mucosa and which alter the pattern of water and electrolyte transport
      significantly. Short chain fatty acids are rapidly absorbed by passive diffusion
      as the undissociated acids, although anion transport, possibly through a
      paracellular route, is also feasible. Their absorption leads to the accumulation
      in the lumen of HCO3, a rise in pH, fall in pCO2 and stimulation of Na+ and water
      transport. The effect on Na+ transport is thought to indicate the presence of a
      Na+/H+ exchange in the cell membrane. The amounts of these organic solutes
      produced in the colon each day are probably greater than the total numbers of
      inorganic ions such as Na+, K+, Cl- and HCO-3 and as such must be taken into
      account in any understanding of overall transport processes in the large
      intestinal epithelium.

PMID- 6374880
TI  - Origin of the terms 'antibody' and 'antigen'.

PMID- 6374881
TI  - Occurrence of protein SAA-like material in human endothelial cells in culture and
      smooth-muscle cells in vessel walls.
AB  - In the present study human endothelial cells were isolated from the veins of
      umbilical cord by collagenase treatment and kept in primary culture. Antiserum
      with monospecific activity against protein SAA was used in an indirect
      immunofluorescence study. SAA-like material was shown to be present in the
      cytoplasm of endothelial cells that were grown on glass discs and formed a
      typical uniform monolayer. It was oriented in a cytoplasmic filament pattern. SAA
      like material was also demonstrated in the cytoplasm of smooth-muscle cells in
      vessel walls in cryostat sections from placenta and umbilical cord.

PMID- 6374882
TI  - Surface membrane glycoproteins of macrophage-like synovial cells from rheumatoid
      and control patients.
AB  - Synovial cells were prepared by enzyme digestion and Percoll gradient
      centrifugation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial specimens or by trypsin
      rinsing of non-inflammatory cadaver joints. Most (70-80%) of the cells from RA
      patients were OKIa -positive macrophage-like cells, 10-20% other OKIa -positive
      cells, and about 10% fibroblastic cells, whereas 90% of the normal synovial cells
      were OKIa -positive macrophage-like cells and the rest fibroblasts. These
      adherent synovial cells were compared with fibroblastic synovial cells obtained
      by sequential passaging of explanted dividing cells. Periodate-[3H]borohydride
      labelling followed by SDS-gradient gel electrophoresis demonstrated similar sialo
      glycoprotein patterns in both the adherent synovial cells and synovial
      fibroblasts. The molecular weights of the main surface glycoproteins resembled
      closely those of skin fibroblasts but not those of peripheral blood monocytes. RA
      samples showed inconsistent heterogeneity. The results indicate either that all
      synovial cells possess a similar basic structure or that macrophages of
      peripheral blood origin express fibroblastic contact glycoproteins when settling
      down into synovium.

PMID- 6374883
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of secretory component in the liver of guinea
      pigs and dogs versus rats, rabbits, and mice.
AB  - Secretory component (SC) was localized in the liver of guinea pigs, dogs,
      rabbits, rats, and mice. In rabbits, rats, and mice SC localized predominantly in
      bile canaliculi and on hepatocyte sinusoidal membranes but was doubtful in
      cholangiocytes . In dogs and guinea pigs SC-staining was not detected in/on
      hepatocytes and canaliculi but was strong in/on cholangiocytes , as reported for
      humans. In guinea pigs IgA biliary output was small (0.23 mg/kg/day), as for dogs
      and humans, and below IgG output (1.4 mg), in contrast to rats, whose IgA biliary
      output (38 mg/kg/day) was much larger than IgG output (2mg). Biliary obstruction
      in guinea pigs induced only minor increases in serum IgA (+ 26% over 24 h), as
      reported for dogs and humans, in contrast to rats (+ 800% over 24h) and rabbits.
      Hepatocyte SC expression correlates with IgA hepatobiliary excretion, being low
      in guinea pigs, dogs, and humans but high in rats, rabbits, and mice.

PMID- 6374884
TI  - [Initial experiences with the calcium antagonist tiapamil in the treatment of
      arterial hypertension].
AB  - 24 hypertensive patients were treated with 300-450 mg tiapamil daily for 2-6
      months. The antihypertensive effect of this new calcium entry blocking agent was
      expressed by a reduction even of extremely elevated blood pressures to the
      normotensive, but not to the hypotensive range, in 20 patients. The drug was well
      tolerated.

PMID- 6374885
TI  - [Prospective controlled study of para- and intravariceal sclerosing therapy of
      esophageal varices].
AB  - In a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial, prevention of hemorrhage
      from oesophageal varices by repeated peri- and intravariceal injections of 20 ml
      Aethoxysclerol 1% were compared with medical management alone. The study involved
      126 patients with cirrhosis and recent variceal bleeding confirmed by endoscopy.
      Injection sclerotherapy was carried out using a fiberoptic gastroscope under 10
      20 mg intravenous diazepam and 20 mg hyoscin -N-butyl-bromide. Injections were
      given at monthly intervals. During the first five sessions the agent was given by
      perivariceal injections followed by five sessions with intravariceal injections.
      After the 10 months of injection therapy the patients were followed up for 16
      months. During the perivariceal injection period 37% of the patients in the
      sclerotherapy group had further bleeding compared with 39% of the control group.
      During intravariceal injections 12% of the sclerotherapy group and 38% of the
      control group had further bleeding (p less than 0.05). During the follow-up of 16
      months after sclerotherapy, 16% of the sclerotherapy group and 56% of the control
      group had further bleeding (p less than 0.05), 35% of the sclerotherapy group and
      61% of the control group died in these 26 months of investigation (p less than
      0.05). Intravariceal injection sclerotherapy significantly decreased the
      incidence of further bleeding and mortality in patients with cirrhosis and
      oesophageal varices. Perivariceal injections did not appear to be effective.

PMID- 6374887
TI  - [Clinical trials of a new local anesthetic in dentistry].

PMID- 6374886
TI  - [How useful is the ultrastructural study of the cilia of the respiratory tract in
      the diagnosis of an immotile cilia syndrome?].
AB  - The immotile cilia syndrome (ICS) comprises a range of congenital defects of the
      ciliary apparatus most probably transmitted by autosomal recessive inheritance.
      Because cilia occur mainly in the respiratory and genital tract, the clinical
      symptoms of ICS are most commonly chronic sinusitis, bronchitis, bronchiectasis
      and male sterility. The syndrome can be associated with a situs inversus and is
      then called Kartagener's syndrome. We studied the ciliary ultrastructure in
      airway biopsies of 5 patients suffering from chronic upper and lower respiratory
      tract infections. With the single exception of one female patient with confirmed
      ICS diagnosis (Kartagener's syndrome) the etiology of the recurrent infections
      was unknown. The following ciliary defects were observed: missing dynein arms,
      radial spoke defects, missing nexin links, microtubular transpositions, compound
      cilia, supernumerary, absent, or incomplete microtubules, lack of ciliary
      orientation and various abnormal patterns of microtubular arrangement. In no
      instance did a patient show only a single anomaly; defects were always combined.
      Missing dynein arms, radial spoke defects and microtubular transpositions have
      frequently been described as lesions specific for ICS. Whenever these lesions
      were found simultaneously in both the respiratory and genital tracts, their
      genetic origin cannot be doubted. In our confirmed ICS patient the outer dynein
      arms were not missing but were reduced in number and length in a large number of
      cilia. The biopsy was, however, obtained from the heavily infected maxillary
      sinus and it is known that inflammation can lead to a loss of dynein arms. In the
      light of our investigations and of a review of the published cases of ciliary
      anomalies, it is concluded that none of the above defects in itself is specific
      for ICS. They may all occur as secondary lesions or sporadically as varieties in
      otherwise healthy subjects. It therefore appears questionable whether ICS can be
      diagnosed from the ciliary ultrastructure of a single airway biopsy. Assessment
      of ICS cannot be based simply on the ultrastructural demonstration of a
      particular ciliary defect, but necessitates additional considerations
      particularly regarding the origin of the biopsy, the sampling procedures and
      quantitation of defects. It appears necessary to investigate samples from
      different parts of the airways and quantitatively analyze the prominent lesions.

PMID- 6374888
TI  - [Mechanical properties and resistance to fatigue of 3 stellite alloys used in
      dental prosthesis].

PMID- 6374889
TI  - [Basis and limits of rational periodontal prosthetics].

PMID- 6374890
TI  - [Antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents--from research to practice. X. Various
      comments intended for practitioners on the properties of cephalosporins].

PMID- 6374891
TI  - The cloning and expression of the synthetic leu-enkephalin gene in E. coli.
AB  - The synthetic leu-enkephalin (LEK) gene was joined with pBR322 and transformed to
      E. coli. The recombinant plasmids containing the LEK gene were selected by colony
      hybridization, and characterized by restriction mapping and Southern's technique.
      The lac operon was used to control the expression of the LEK gene. A recombinant
      plasmid, pEL 103, in which the lac operon and LEK gene are transcribed in the
      same direction, produces LEK in E. coli. The level of LEK detected by
      radioimmunoassay reaches 426 ng per mg of bacterial protein.

PMID- 6374892
TI  - Radionuclides in natural terrestrial ecosystems.
AB  - p6osystems to be found in the maritime temperate zone are described. The part
      played by vegetation, animals and soils in the distribution and movement of
      radionuclides is discussed, with particular reference to natural systems. Biomass
      activities have been compiled for 137Cs and 239 + 240Pu in woodland and moorland
      ecosystems. The data indicate that these ecosystems are more effective at
      intercepting and retaining radionuclides than are agricultural systems and that
      many undisturbed soils function as efficient sinks.

PMID- 6374893
TI  - A review of IOS research into the feasibility of high-level radioactive waste
      disposal in the oceans.

PMID- 6374894
TI  - Why is development so illogical?

PMID- 6374895
TI  - Adenovirus E1a gene product expressed at high levels in Escherichia coli is
      functional.
AB  - The human type C adenovirus E1a 13S messenger RNA encodes a gene product, that
      positively regulates the transcription of viral genes and certain cellular genes
      and is involved in the transformation of primary mammalian cells. The E1a gene
      product was expressed at high levels in Escherichia coli. In a Xenopus oocyte
      microinjection assay, the purified Escherichia coli-produced protein activated
      the E1a-responsive adenovirus E3 promoter and functioned as efficiently as the
      E1a gene itself.

PMID- 6374896
TI  - Autoantibodies to a 64-kilodalton islet cell protein precede the onset of
      spontaneous diabetes in the BB rat.
AB  - Spontaneous insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in the BB rat is
      associated with the presence of antibodies to a 64-kilodalton rat islet cell
      protein. These protein antibodies appeared in young animals and remained for as
      long as 8 weeks before the clinical onset of IDDM. Antibodies to a 64-kilodalton
      human islet cell protein were found to be associated with human IDDM. Detection
      of the antibodies may therefore be used to predict an early immune reaction
      against pancreatic B cells.

PMID- 6374898
TI  - Subcutaneous nodules and the differentiation of rheumatoid arthritis from
      rheumatic fever.

PMID- 6374897
TI  - Identification and location of brain protein 4.1.
AB  - Protein 4.1 is a membrane skeletal protein that converts the low-affinity
      interaction between spectrin and actin into a high-affinity ternary complex of
      spectrin, protein 4.1, and actin that is essential to the structural stability of
      the erythrocyte. Pig brain was shown to contain an 87-kilodalton immunoreactive
      analog of protein 4.1 that has partial sequence homology with pig erythrocyte
      protein 4.1 and the same location as spectrin in the cortical cytoplasm of
      neuronal and glial cell types of the cerebellum.

PMID- 6374899
TI  - Osteopenia in rheumatology practice: pathogenesis and therapy.
AB  - Postmenopausal osteoporosis has a multifactorial pathogenesis related to
      decreases in bone mass, calcium intake, and circulating estrogen levels. Therapy
      with supplemental calcium, estrogen, fluoride, anabolic steroids, and calcitonin
      is discussed. Corticosteroid-induced osteopenia is in part related to a decrease
      in intestinal calcium absorption and therapy with supplemental vitamin D and
      calcium may favorably alter the outcome. The osteopenia of rheumatoid arthritis
      appears to be a diffuse process, with increased metabolic bone activity at sites
      that are remote from the areas of active synovitis.

PMID- 6374900
TI  - Immunopathologic and clinical studies in pulmonary hypertension associated with
      systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - PH is an uncommon manifestation of SLE. The symptoms of PH develop within a few
      years after the onset of the multisystem disease. The most common presenting
      complaints of SLE patients with PH are dyspnea on exertion, chest pain,
      nonproductive cough, edema, and fatigue or weakness. The important physical
      findings are a loud second pulmonic heart sound and a right ventricular lift. The
      chest roentgenogram shows a cardiomegaly, a prominent pulmonary segment, and
      usually clear lung fields. Pulmonary function tests may show evidence of
      restrictive lung disease; however, the physiologic abnormalities are mild and out
      of proportion to the severity of the PH. The diagnosis of PH is established by
      cardiac catheterization showing elevated pulmonary artery pressure, normal
      capillary wedge pressure, and no evidence of intracardiac or extracardiac shunts.
      Pathologic examination of the lung demonstrates angiomatoid lesions involving
      muscular pulmonary arteries. There is a thickening of the media and subintima of
      the arterioles. Immunoglobulin and complement deposits are found in the walls of
      pulmonary arteries. Immunoglobulin eluted from the lung contains rheumatoid
      factor and antinuclear antibody including antibody to DNA activity. DNA antigen
      is also present in walls of blood vessels. These results suggest an immune
      complex deposition process as a mechanism in the pathogenesis of PH in SLE. The
      clinical course of PH in SLE is variable. Symptoms may be mild and the disease
      follows a stable and protracted course for several years. It can, however,
      develop a progressive course ending in death in a few years. The clinical
      response of SLE patients with PH to treatment with high doses of systemic
      corticosteroids is not consistent or predictable.

PMID- 6374901
TI  - Technique of leukocyte harvesting and labeling: problems and perspectives.
AB  - Mixed leukocyte suspensions obtained after gravity sedimentation of red cells and
      labeled with 111In lipophilic chelates are now widely used clinically for abscess
      localization at many medical centers. So far, labeling with 111In-oxine or
      tropolone has been more successful than any 99mTc method. More sophisticated
      approaches are available for isolation and labeling of specific leukocyte cell
      types, to study their migration in vivo. The most significant advances in cell
      harvesting include newer density gradients for isopyknic centrifugation (nonionic
      contrast media such as Nycodenz and Percoll, PVP-coated colloidal silica),
      centrifugal elutriation, and flow cytometry. Unlike current radioactive agents
      which label many cell types indiscriminately, more selective ligands are being
      developed which bind to specific cell surface receptors. These will label certain
      leukocyte populations or subtypes while not reacting with others, thereby
      avoiding laborious separation techniques. Monoclonal antibodies against leukocyte
      cell-surface antigens appear particularly promising as agents for selective cell
      labeling.

PMID- 6374902
TI  - Fetal and neonatal glucose homeostasis and their relation to the small for
      gestational age infant.

PMID- 6374903
TI  - Human intrauterine growth and nutrient accretion.

PMID- 6374904
TI  - Placental growth and fetal/placental weight (F/P) ratios throughout gestation-
      their relationship to patterns of fetal growth.
AB  - Available data would indicate that patterns of growth and velocity of growth in
      the placenta and fetus may be determined early in gestation, at or shortly after
      implantation. Such early growth characterization may be mediated through
      regulation of DNA synthesis, thereby limiting potential cell number in the
      developing placenta. If this assumption were true, many casualties would be
      possible: (1) chromosomal or genetic, (2) implantation abnormalities, (3) early
      acquisition of congenital viral disease, (4) radiation or toxin exposure, or (5)
      maternal autoimmune attack on the placental/fetal unit. Once the placenta's
      maximal cell number has been established, well defined placental and fetal growth
      velocities are predictable in the majority of gestations. However, within each
      growth category (AGA, SGA, LGA) a wide range of "normal" placental weights (and
      F/P ratios) are available and compatible with normal growth. When each growth
      category is considered separately, eventual placenta size (and therefore fetal
      size) may rely more directly on total protein accretion reflected in cell size.
      At this point in growth, other factors such as inadequate maternal nutrition,
      high altitude, maternal smoking, intrinsic maternal vascular disease, or yet
      later factors such as preeclampsia may be responsible for placental growth
      limitations. Such factors, many as yet undefined, would account for the wide
      variability of F/P ratios within the AGA, SGA, and LGA groups. Since mean F/P
      ratios vary little between such groups, the placenta appears to select an ideal
      fetal growth rate independent of predetermined growth category. Both AGA and LGA
      infants demonstrate a consistent increase in placental size until 42 wk of
      gestation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6374906
TI  - [The bond strength of nonprecious metal-ceramic alloys].

PMID- 6374905
TI  - Intracranial lymphoma.

PMID- 6374907
TI  - [Clinical considerations on the self-curing resin materials for making trays and
      base plates (2)--Cutting ease and strength].

PMID- 6374908
TI  - [A study of dental casting Ag-Pd-Cu system alloys].

PMID- 6374909
TI  - [How it was in those days].

PMID- 6374910
TI  - Childbirth and social class: the case of cesarean delivery.
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to examine how obstetrical intervention in
      childbirth varies according to the socioeconomic status of the birthing woman and
      what kinds of factors might account for the differences in treatment. We have
      focused specifically on the contemporary use of cesarean delivery to illustrate
      how one intervention is applied differently to women of different social classes.
      If cesarean deliveries were being done for medical reasons alone, we would see
      any variation in the rates explained by medical risk, and the highest rates among
      high risk women. Instead we found that more cesareans are being performed in the
      socioeconomic group of women with the lowest medical risk and much of the
      variation in cesarean rates explained by factors other than medical need. We
      focus mainly on characteristics associated with social class differences, and use
      historical and contemporary data to describe differences in cesarean delivery
      rates by social class, and to offer explanations for these differences. In
      addition we introduce some new New York City data to examine more closely
      cesarean delivery rates in two classes of birthing women and to explore the
      differential effects of new childbirth technology on women of different
      socioeconomic classes.

PMID- 6374911
TI  - External cephalic version as an alternative to breech delivery and cesarean
      section.
AB  - External cephalic version (ECV), the transabdominal manipulation of a breech
      presenting fetus into a head-down position before birth, is common in traditional
      ethno -obstetric systems as well as in the modern scientific obstetrics of
      Europe. In the United States, this practice has fallen out of use and is no
      longer taught in medical schools or obstetric residencies. The currently standard
      American management options for breech are either breech delivery or, most
      frequently, cesarean section. This paper examines the historical and cross
      cultural distribution of ECV, describes the various methods for effecting version
      of the fetus, and assesses the risks of the procedure. It is concluded that the
      data available are inadequate to either condemn the practice or to advocate it
      without reservation. It is suggested that ECV may constitute an attractive
      conservative management strategy for breech presentation in scientific obstetric
      systems as well as in those developing countries where the skill to do versions
      is part of the traditional inventory of midwifery skills.

PMID- 6374912
TI  - The political and administrative context of primary health care in the Third
      World.
AB  - Despite increasing knowledge about technical aspects of Primary Health Care
      (PHC), there has been as yet only limited research into political and
      administrative influences on the effectiveness of PHC programs. A three-stage
      model of the policy process is developed as a framework for organizing the
      relationships between elements of (1) the national political setting and PHC
      policy formulation; (2) the implementing agency and program administration; and
      (3) the community setting and service delivery. Drawing upon the literature on
      PHC and related programs, hypotheses are proposed for each of these stages as a
      basis for future study and practical application. Possible output indicators are
      suggested for each stage of the model. Several basic methodological issues must
      be addressed in the design of empirical research on political-administrative
      factors, including variable selection, identification of data sources, and choice
      of analytical approach. It is hoped that this review will encourage more
      systematic investigation in this area.

PMID- 6374913
TI  - [Systematic approach and family therapy. Role and history of the systematic
      movement].

PMID- 6374914
TI  - Sampson of the terebinthinates: medical history of turpentine.

PMID- 6374915
TI  - [V. I. Lenin on the social conditionality of health and public health].

PMID- 6374916
TI  - [Special cases in the practice of the field physicians of the Odessa Medical
      First Aid Station in the 1st years of its activities].

PMID- 6374917
TI  - [Participation of medical workers in the Political Red Cross of the Freedom
      Party].

PMID- 6374918
TI  - [Importance of the "Transactions of the Permanent Medical Committee of the
      Poltava Guberniya Zemstvo Council" for the development of zemstvo medicine in
      Russia].

PMID- 6374919
TI  - [History of the health protection for oil workers in Bashkiria in the '30s and
      '40s].

PMID- 6374920
TI  - [Centenary of the birth of P. G. Kornev].

PMID- 6374921
TI  - A comparison of surgery and chemonucleolysis in the treatment of sciatica. A
      prospective randomized trial.
AB  - Fifty-two patients with unilateral sciatica caused by intervertebral disc
      herniation were selected on strict clinical and radiological criteria. All
      patients had failed to respond to conservative measures. Patients in this trial
      group randomly were allocated surgery or Chymopapain. During the same period, a
      further 71 patients, who were put forward for the trial, and did not fulfill the
      trial criteria, were offered Chymopapain as an alternative to surgery. Both
      groups were assessed at one month, three months, and one year--progress being
      recorded by clinical examination and visual analogs. The failure rate in the two
      Chymopapain groups were comparable, with 52% and 47%, but were significantly
      higher than the surgical group (11%). Surgery in the failed Chymopapain group
      frequently was delayed and unrewarding. Failures can be predicted at one month
      posttreatment, and early surgery may be indicated to prevent chronic scarring.

PMID- 6374922
TI  - Three-dimensional x-ray analysis of normal movement in the lumbar spine.
AB  - Biplanar radiography was used to assess the normal three-dimensional movements of
      the lumbar spine in the erect posture in a group of asymptomatic volunteers. The
      primary movements investigated were flexion and extension, while the three
      dimensional analysis also measured any associated coupled lateral bends and axial
      rotations. The results showed that each intervertebral joint had a total range of
      flexion and extension of approximately 14 degrees, the lower levels moving
      slightly more than the upper levels. All the intervertebral joints had more
      movement in flexion than extension from the upright position, except for the
      L5/S1 joint, which showed no consistent pattern, some subjects extending more
      than flexing. Coupled movements of 4 degrees or more in flexion and 3 degrees or
      more in extension were shown to be abnormal.

PMID- 6374924
TI  - [The congregation and the Hospital of San Pedro].

PMID- 6374923
TI  - [Present and future needs for renal disease care in Mexico].

PMID- 6374925
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in premature, newborn and young infants.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime, a new injectable broad-spectrum
      cephalosporin with high anti-pseudomonal activity, were studied in 50 preterm,
      full-term and young infants after an intravenous bolus dose of 30 mg/kg. The
      serum concentrations of ceftazidime were higher in the younger babies, both
      premature and full-term. In infants over 2 months of age blood levels were
      similar to those of adult volunteer subjects. No untoward effects were
      encountered. Considering the in vitro activity of ceftazidime against a wide
      spectrum of pathogenic bacteria, the present dose schedules, 25-50 mg/kg/d for
      babies less than 2 months of age and 50-100 mg/kg/d for those 2-12 months of age,
      appear to be appropriate. Until more experience is gained with ceftazidime in
      neonates, monitoring of trough levels to ensure adequate blood concentrations
      would be ideal.

PMID- 6374926
TI  - Claude Bernard's philosophy of medical science.
AB  - The great French physiologist Claude Bernard (1813-1878) spent most of his life
      in Paris, where he held academic appointments and was active in a variety of
      research fields. In addition to his many contributions to medical science his
      views on experimental procedure and on philosophy have had an important influence
      on the development of medical science.

PMID- 6374927
TI  - Vitamin C, oral scurvy and periodontal disease.
AB  - Scurvy and periodontitis both manifest gingival bleeding but constitute separate
      entities. Defective collagen in scurvy reflects many symptoms emanating from
      deficient vitamin C physiology. The various periodontal diseases are caused by
      oral plaque micro-organisms, the body's reaction to which is strongly influenced
      by inadequate functioning of leucocytes and monocytes. Although certain
      infections and systemic diseases cause gingival bleeding, avitaminosis C does not
      cause commonly encountered periodontal disease, but will aggravate established
      periodontitis. Vitamin C should not be used for prophylaxis or cure of
      periodontitis in healthy well-nourished individuals. A patient with bleeding
      gingivae warrants referral to oral medicine and periodontics specialists for
      examination and treatment.

PMID- 6374928
TI  - Salivary cortisol assessment in the evaluation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
      function.
AB  - A simple, short and sensitive direct radio-immunoassay technique for the
      determination of salivary cortisol concentration was employed to assess saliva as
      a medium for evaluating cortisol response during endocrine testing in 9 controls
      and 40 patients. Results in controls suggested that an adequate salivary cortisol
      response to insulin hypoglycaemia was an increase of 150% above the basal value
      with a minimum peak of 15 nmol/l. Thirty-three patients were classified as being
      either good or poor responders to insulin hypoglycemia on the basis of criteria
      for plasma cortisol levels. When the defined salivary cortisol response was used
      for assessment, all 33 patients were correctly categorized into the same response
      groups. The salivary cortisol response to intramuscular tetracosactrin in 3
      patients and an intravenous dexamethasone infusion in 4 patients confirmed the
      value of saliva as an assay medium. These studies show that the salivary cortisol
      response parallels that of total plasma cortisol in all cases. However, with
      sampling at short intervals a lag in secretion of the free fraction from the
      plasma into the saliva becomes apparent. The relative change in cortisol levels
      from the basal value is greater in saliva than in plasma.

PMID- 6374929
TI  - Serological techniques for the diagnosis of cysticercosis.
AB  - Three techniques--an indirect haemagglutination test, a fluorescent antibody test
      and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)--have been established for the
      detection of cysticercosis antibodies in the serum or cerebrospinal fluid of
      patients with cysticercosis. Results obtained using these techniques have been
      compared to determine the most successful serodiagnostic method. In each test
      there was a marked difference between the detection of active and of calcified
      cysts. The results obtained using the three tests were remarkably similar, and
      none had a statistically significant advantage over the others with regard to the
      detection of cysticercosis antibodies. However, ELISA appears to have certain
      other advantages.

PMID- 6374930
TI  - Treatment of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria.

PMID- 6374931
TI  - Reserpine plus hydrochlorothiazide and sotalol plus hydrochlorothiazide in Black
      and Indian hypertensive patients.
AB  - Fifty patients (25 Blacks and 25 Indians) suffering from mild-to-moderate
      hypertension (supine diastolic blood pressure 100 - 105 mmHg) were studied in
      order to compare the antihypertensive effect of a combination of a beta-blocker
      (sotalol hydrochloride 160 mg/d) plus a thiazide derivative (hydrochlorothiazide
      25 mg/d) ( Sotazide ; B-M) with that of a combination of reserpine 0,1 mg/d (
      Serpasil ; Ciba) plus hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg/d ( Dichlotride ; Frosst MSD).
      The combination of reserpine plus hydrochlorothiazide was found to be as
      effective as that of sotalol plus hydrochlorothiazide in lowering the blood
      pressure in both the Black and the Indian patients. Two patients taking the
      combination containing reserpine developed side-effects, but this did not occur
      in any of those taking the combination containing sotalol. We feel that in
      developing countries, where the cost of therapy is important, reserpine in a
      dosage of less than 0,1 mg/d plus a thiazide derivative in low dosage is
      preferable to a beta-blocker plus a thiazide derivative in the treatment of
      hypertension.

PMID- 6374932
TI  - The other option in peptic ulcer therapy.
AB  - The treatment of peptic ulcer disease has been revolutionized for both the
      physician and the surgeon by the development of the histamine H2-antagonists,
      which have become the 'gold standard' for peptic ulcer therapy. However, it has
      been shown that several other drugs, including antacids, can match the ulcer
      healing rate obtained with histamine H2-antagonist therapy with both a high- and
      a low-dose regimen. An important and well-documented option is the treatment of
      peptic ulcer disease with sucralfate. This drug, a basic amino salt of sucrose
      octosulphate , acts by binding to the protein of the matrix of the ulcer crater,
      thus coating the ulcer against the aggressive principle of acid-pepsin and
      probably also by a cytoprotective effect. Sucralfate is only absorbed in minimal
      quantities and no metabolic interaction with other drugs is therefore likely to
      occur. In many studies performed on different continents it has been demonstrated
      that sucralfate is superior to placebo in short-term duodenal and gastric ulcer
      healing and that the rate of healing is similar to that obtained by cimetidine.
      Evidence is also accumulating that sucralfate has a place in maintenance therapy
      to prevent recurrence of duodenal ulcer; preliminary studies also point to
      benefit in the therapy of reflux oesophagitis.

PMID- 6374933
TI  - Effects of diethylstilbestrol and cyclophosphamide on the pathogenesis of
      experimental Cryptococcus neoformans infections.
AB  - Treatment of mice with a single dose of cyclophosphamide 24 h before challenge
      with Cryptococcus neoformans increased host survival, whereas treatment with 10
      daily exposures of cyclophosphamide, starting 2 days before challenge, markedly
      reduced survival in mice challenged on the second day of drug treatment.
      Treatment with 14 daily exposures of diethylstilbestrol before challenge with C.
      neoformans did not markedly affect host survival. A correlation was sought
      between the distribution of radiolabeled C. neoformans and host survival.
      Radiolabeled C. neoformans administered intravenously was cleared rapidly from
      the blood of naive mice and accumulated in the lungs, liver and kidney within 1
      h. The radiolabeled yeasts were subsequently cleared from the lungs. The
      distribution of radiolabeled C. neoformans among organs was generally the same in
      control mice and mice treated with diethylstilbestrol of various cyclophosphamide
      regimens after 3 or 24 h. The distribution of C. neoformans measured as colony
      forming units was generally in agreement with results from radioactivity
      measurements for animals sacrificed 3 or 24 h after challenge. One week after
      challenge, C. neoformans colonies were grown from the brain, liver and kidneys.
      C. neoformans was found in the brain within 1 h after i.v. challenge, suggesting
      that the central nervous system disease in mice challenged i.v. resulted from a
      primary infection of the brain.

PMID- 6374934
TI  - A model for the germ tube formation and mycelial growth form of Candida albicans.
AB  - A model based on morphological and ultrastructural evidence is presented which
      illustrates a novel and hitherto undescribed pattern of germ tube formation and
      hyphal growth in early and mature colonies of Candida albicans. Accordingly, most
      of the cytoplasm within the parent yeast cell migrates into and forward with the
      extending germ tubes and leaves behind an extensively vacuolated yeast cell.
      Growing hyphae similarly are subtended by migrating "slugs' of protoplasm and
      leave behind vacuolated intercalary compartments. The vacuolated cell
      compartments apparently must first regenerate their protoplasmic contents before
      producing branches or secondary germ tubes. This model is used to explain certain
      unusual features of the growth kinetics of the filamentous form of this organism.

PMID- 6374935
TI  - Effects of culture filtrates of Blastomyces dermatitidis on neutrophil
      locomotion.
AB  - A potent chemotactic activity for neutrophils is detectable in liquid culture
      filtrates of Blastomyces dermatitidis. The production of this activity is medium
      dependent and culture age-dependent. The highest levels of cytotaxin were
      produced in filtrates of B. dermatitidis grown in tissue culture medium 199 for
      three or more weeks. This factor(s) stimulates directed as well as random
      migration. It functions directly and independently of serum. It is stable at -20
      degrees C and 56 degrees C, and has a molecular weight greater than 10000
      daltons. These properties define a new microbial chemotactic factor.

PMID- 6374936
TI  - Antigenic profile of some typical and septate phialide-strains of Aspergillus
      fumigatus.
AB  - Antigens from typical and septate phialide-strains of Aspergillus fumigatus, A.
      fumigatus var. ellipticus, A. fischeri, A. flavus and A. niger were analysed by
      fused rocket and two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis. Depsite strain-to-strain
      variations, isolates of the two morphological forms of A. fumigatus showed a
      close similarity in their antigenic profile; the percentage of qualitative
      sharing ranged between 80% and 100%. The number of antigens shared by the
      isolates of A. fumigatus var. ellipticus and A. fischeri as compared with a
      typical A. fumigatus isolate was relatively high. By contrast isolates of A.
      flavus and A. niger, which are taxonomically not so closely related to A.
      fumigatus, revealed a qualitative sharing of only 16% and 8%, respectively. The
      number of common antigenically active components identified in culture filtrate
      antigens from the typical and septate phialide-strains of A. fumigatus was around
      29. Two-dimensional electrophoresis with tandem and intermediate gel proved
      further that the two types of A. fumigatus isolates are antigenically homologous.
      Present findings also support the view that the antigenically active components
      of this pathogen are predominantly protein-glycoprotein in nature.

PMID- 6374937
TI  - Abdominal sepsis in the surgical intensive care unit.

PMID- 6374938
TI  - The problem of liver metastasis.
AB  - The detection and management of tumors metastatic to the liver is still
      unsettled. The uniformly poor prognosis only underlines the need to diagnose and
      treat the primary malignant lesion earlier, before systemic metastases lodge in
      the liver, lung or brain. Serologic markers are not specific or sensitive enough
      although when used serially they may follow the course of some tumors. The
      exciting advances in radiologic diagnosis have allowed a more accurate and
      pictorial representation of disease, exciting cross-sectional views but not
      earlier diagnosis. The use of scans and ultrasound as a screening measure is
      investigational only as there is not good evidence to support this as a routine
      screening test. The treatment of hepatic metastases is also insoluble. For
      primary lesions that are controlled surgically and whose natural history is
      measured in years (not months) a more aggressive approach is justified. Lesions
      confined to one lobe, particularly single lesions, lend themselves to resection.
      Segmental or wedge resection is the equal of formal hepatic lobectomy and is
      safer for patients and surgeons. For most patients (70 to 85 percent) operation
      is not a reasonable choice. How does one select from no therapy, intravenous
      chemotherapy, intraarterial chemotherapy (implantable pumps, infusion plus
      embolization) or hepatic artery embolization? These decisions are not easily
      reached. Institutional enthusiasm is as much a reflection of local expertise and
      biases as are meaningful data. There are responders to all of these methods, but
      few long-term survivors. Side effects that limit life style and activity detract
      from some of the remaining days. Today patients share in the decision-making
      process. Their own biases are frequently in discord with the treating
      physician's. When this exists and data do not support one treatment method we
      acquiesce to the patient's wishes and use his or her experience to increase our
      data base. Intraarterial chemotherapy is making a strong impact, objective
      information not withstanding. Unless an implantable pump is covered by third
      party payments we prefer a "test trial" of several monthly intraarterial
      injections of chemotherapy to see if a positive effect occurs. Intravenous
      chemotherapy remains our therapeutic choice particularly if part of a trial. If
      there is no response and side effects are severe, we prefer to withdraw
      treatment.

PMID- 6374939
TI  - Treatment of lower limb length inequality.

PMID- 6374940
TI  - Endometriosis: approaches to diagnosis and treatment.
AB  - Conservative or radical surgical treatment, steroidal hormones to produce
      pseudopregnancy, and danazol are all being used to relieve the symptoms of
      endometriosis or to treat the infertility that frequently accompanies it. The
      choice of therapy should be determined by the patient's desires and the extent of
      her disease. Our approach to treating this condition is as follows: Young
      patients with symptoms who wish to delay childbearing: Treat with danazol 400 mg
      to 600 mg per day for 6 months to induce regression of the disease and relieve
      symptoms. Once that is achieved, encourage use of low-dose oral contraceptive or
      the minipill to minimize progression of the disease. Delay surgical therapy, if
      needed, until the patient wishes to conceive . Infertile patients with mild
      endometriosis: Treat medically with danazol, 400 to 600 mg per day for 6 months.
      Then encourage attempts to conceive for 9 to 12 months. Patients who fail to
      become pregnant should have repeat laparoscopy to assess further the need for
      conservative surgical treatment. Infertile patients with moderate or greater
      disease: Treat with conservative operation. If conservative operation is not done
      at the same time as the diagnostic laparoscopy, give danazol for 2 to 3 months
      preoperatively to decrease the number and the size of the endometriotic areas,
      minimize the extent of operation, and avoid traumatizing the corpus luteum.
      Patients who remain infertile after conservative surgical treatment: Treat with
      danazol for approximately 6 months and then try for conception. A second
      conservative operation will have a modest chance (less than 30 percent) of
      success. If severe symptoms persist, perform definitive operation. Patients who
      are not desirous of further childbearing: Treat with definitive surgical
      treatment if symptoms are severe and the quality of life is impaired. Patients
      who want to postpone or avoid a major operation may benefit from a course of
      danazol. Patients with endometriosis involving the organs outside the pelvis:
      Advise total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. For
      patients who desire further childbearing, danazol treatment has been reported to
      be successful in pulmonary, intestinal, and ureteral involvement. Endometriosis
      is a poorly understood, ubiquitous, and progressive disease with inconsistent
      clinical presentation and poorly standardized therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 6374941
TI  - Testicular tumors: a change in prognosis.

PMID- 6374942
TI  - The development of inguinal herniorrhaphy.
AB  - The history of inguinal herniorrhaphy can be divided into pre- and post-
      Listerian eras. In this article Bassini's contribution is emphasized along with
      the preperitoneal approach, the saccular and acquired etiology of herniation, and
      the use of prostheses or relaxing incisions.

PMID- 6374943
TI  - Local anesthetic hernia repair. An analysis of recurrence.
AB  - Recurrence rates after local anesthetic hernia repair are as good as those after
      repair under general anesthesia. Early mobility and return to work within a month
      reduces the complications without increasing the rate of recurrence.

PMID- 6374944
TI  - [How to evaluate an allergic condition].

PMID- 6374945
TI  - Surgical technique for outpatient cone biopsy of the cervix uteri.
AB  - A one year prospective study was performed to evaluate the complications of
      performing cone biopsy of the cervix uteri on an outpatient basis. A modification
      of a prior technique is described.

PMID- 6374946
TI  - A randomized trial of gastric decompression after truncal vagotomy and anterior
      pylorectomy.
AB  - To test the assumption that gastric decompression is beneficial after TV, 66
      patients who underwent elective TV plus anterior pylorectomy were randomly
      allocated into three groups immediately after completing pyloric reconstruction.
      Patients in group G had a tube gastrostomy, patients in group ND did not have
      gastric decompression and patients in group NGS were treated with nasogastric
      suction for 48 to 72 hours. Roentgenographically, greater gastric distension
      could be noted in patients in the ND group but this was not clinically
      significant. Patients in the NGS group had a high incidence of mechanical
      complications, especially when tubes were in place for more than 48 hours.
      Infections of the chest were not related to gastric decompression techniques.
      Patients in groups NGS and ND had significantly shorter hospital stays than
      patients in group G. During the immediate post-operative period after TV, we
      would recommend no gastric decompression or short term (less than 48 hours)
      nasogastric suction. Routine gastrostomy is unwarranted.

PMID- 6374947
TI  - Multiple organ harvesting for transplantation.
AB  - Successful multiple organ harvesting is essential to maintain the supply of
      extrarenal organs for transplantation. In this study, the clinical experience
      using multiple organ harvesting techniques in conjunction with subsequent renal,
      pancreatic and cardiac transplantation is reviewed. These clinical results should
      encourage more frequent application of these techniques in the clinical organ
      procurement setting.

PMID- 6374948
TI  - A historical overview of surgical decompression in advanced intestinal
      obstruction.

PMID- 6374949
TI  - The excretion of antibiotics by the biliary tract.
AB  - Although the clinical significance of a high antibiotic level of the biliary
      tract has not been proved, few antibiotics are both well excreted and active
      against the common pathogens of bile. The biliary excretion of these agents is a
      complex phenomenon which may be altered by a number of host factors. The results
      of studies on the levels of antimicrobial agents vary with respect to the timing
      of antibiotic measurement, type of bile sampled, presence or absence of biliary
      tract obstruction and assessment of data.

PMID- 6374950
TI  - Geoffrey Jefferson 1886-1961.

PMID- 6374951
TI  - John Douglas French, M.D.

PMID- 6374952
TI  - Gamma scintigraphic analysis of albumin flux in patients with acute respiratory
      distress syndrome.
AB  - Computerized gamma-scintigraphy provides a new method for the analysis of albumin
      flux in patients with pulmonary permeability edema. In this technique, 10 mCi of
      99mTc -tagged human serum albumin is administered and lung:heart radioactivity
      ratios are determined. This ratio remains constant unless there is a leak of
      albumin, when a rising ratio with time, called the "slope index" (SI), is seen.
      Thirty-five scintigraphic studies were obtained in 28 patients by means of a
      portable computerized gamma-camera. Thirteen of these patients had clinical
      evidence of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and six had or were
      recovering from left ventricular induced congestive heart failure (CHF). Five of
      the patients with CHF and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) below 30 mm
      Hg had normal scintigraphic studies. One patient in florid CHF with a PCWP of 40
      mm Hg had a positive SI of 1.6 X 10(-3) U/min. The patients with ARDS were found
      to have significantly higher SIs than patients who did not have, or had recovered
      from, ARDS. The arterial:alveolar oxygen tension ratio (a/A)O2 was 0.30 +/- 0.14
      in patients with positive SIs while receiving 11.0 +/- 6.8 m H2O positive end
      expiratory pressure (PEEP). Both the (a/A)O2 and level of PEEP were significantly
      (P less than 0.01) worse in these patients than in patients with normal SIs.
      Positive SIs were present from 1 to 8 days following the apparent onset of ARDS
      in seven studies in five patients. Recovery of gas exchange was associated with a
      return to a normal SI in four patients. In conclusion, computerized gamma
      scintigraphy was a sensitive, noninvasive tool for the detection of a pathologic
      increase in pulmonary protein flux. Positive scintigraphic findings were
      associated with significantly impaired gas exchange. The method documented that
      the leak of albumin in patients with ARDS may last for days but resolves with
      recovery.

PMID- 6374953
TI  - The surgical garb.

PMID- 6374954
TI  - [Renin-angiotensin system in sudden cardiac death in persons with various degrees
      of alcoholic intoxication].

PMID- 6374955
TI  - [Rise in the ST segment on the ECG in chronic coronary heart disease].

PMID- 6374956
TI  - [Transcutaneous determination of oxygen tension--methodological, physiological
      and clinical aspects].

PMID- 6374957
TI  - [Refractive surgery of the cornea].

PMID- 6374958
TI  - [Verapamil: antiangina effects].

PMID- 6374959
TI  - Hymie Nossel (11 July 1930-8 October 1983).

PMID- 6374960
TI  - Phosphatidylcholine is the major phospholipid providing arachidonic acid for
      prostacyclin synthesis in thrombin-stimulated human endothelial cells.
AB  - Upon incubation for 24 hours with [3H]arachidonic acid (AA, 1 mu Ci/ml), cultured
      endothelial cells from human umbilical vein incorporated one half of the added
      radioactivity, mostly into phospholipids (83% of the total cell radioactivity).
      Distribution of the label between the various phospholipid classes was found to
      reflect the distribution of endogenous AA. Stimulation with human thrombin (2
      U/ml) promoted a rapid release of radioactive material into supernatants, which
      contained essentially 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and non-converted AA. This
      process levelled off at 10 min, at which time phosphatidylcholine displayed a
      decrease accounting for 3.7% of the total cell radioactivity.
      Phosphatidylinositol also appeared significantly diminished, but this decrease
      was almost 2.5 fold less than that observed in phosphatidylcholine. It is
      concluded that AA availability for prostacyclin biosynthesis is mostly regulated
      by a phospholipase A2.

PMID- 6374961
TI  - Anti-aggregatory activity of PGI2 in whole blood measured by platelet counter.
AB  - Anti-aggregatory effect of PGI2 was evaluated by two methods. First, by
      measurement of the number of free platelets in a sample of whole citrated blood
      after addition of ADP, and second, by monitoring changes in light transmission
      induced by ADP in platelet-rich plasma. Platelet aggregation in response to ADP,
      as assessed by the first method, was dose-dependent, reproducible, and stable
      during 10-60 min storage of blood samples. EC50's for ADP were (microM): 0.7
      (first method) and 2.9 (second method). IC50's for anti-aggregatory effect of
      PGI2-tested with 1 microM of ADP were (nM): 0.48 (first method) and 2.32 (second
      method), the difference suggesting higher sensitivity of the first method.
      Measurement by the first methods can be performed 1 min after blood collection.
      It is concluded that evaluation of the anti-aggregatory effect of PGI2 by
      monitoring the free platelet number in ADP-treated whole blood is more sensitive
      than the conventional turbidimetric technique since it allows detection of blood
      PGI2 levels more than 100 times smaller than the turbidimetric method and seems
      suitable for monitoring PGI2 therapy in clinical studies.

PMID- 6374962
TI  - The further adventures of John Haase--author-dentist.

PMID- 6374963
TI  - [Muscle biopsies. Examination with computer-assisted morphometry].

PMID- 6374964
TI  - [The early parent-child relationship].
AB  - The occurrence of serious disturbances in the relations between parents and their
      young children such as emotional deprivation and child battering made us realise,
      that the attachment of parents to their infant is not a matter of course. In this
      paper a number of personal and social factors are reviewed, which might influence
      the bonding between parents and their baby. The foundations of the parent-child
      relationship are laid in the childhood of the parents themselves. The relation
      between the parents, their attitude to the expected baby and physical,
      psychological, social and economic circumstances during pregnancy and during the
      first period of the child's life are all important for the bonding process. Ideas
      about parenthood and childrearing practices, that are prevalent in their culture,
      usually have great influence on the way parents handle their child. The infant
      itself also has an important part in the developing relationship. From the
      beginning the parent-child relation is characterised by mutual interaction and
      subtle dialogue. The first hours and days after birth may be especially important
      for the start of the bonding process. Breastfeeding provides a unique opportunity
      for intimate contact between mother and child. Finally the author gives arguments
      for paying special attention to the observation of parent-child interactions
      during pediatric history taking and examination.

PMID- 6374965
TI  - Genetic polymorphism of complement C4 in the dog.
AB  - Plasma samples from 129 dogs have been typed using an immunofixation technique to
      define the polymorphism of canine C4. The mode of inheritance was inferred by
      study of four large pedigrees. In contrast to the situation in man, canine C4 may
      be encoded by a single locus. At least five different co-dominant structural
      alleles have been detected. A deficiency allele has not been found as yet.
      Because there are associations between C4 allotypes and spontaneous autoimmune
      disease in man, the well defined polymorphism of canine C4 may provide an
      excellent model for understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of autoimmune
      disease.

PMID- 6374966
TI  - Biochemical characteristics of the heterophile transplantation antigen (HT-A).
AB  - The Heterophile Transplantation Antigen (HT-A) is a clinically important antigen
      which is found in some human kidneys and on the erythrocytes and in the serum of
      rats and some other mammals. Recent reports suggest the possibility that the anti
      HT-A antibodies responsible for graft rejection may cross react with one or more
      HL-A specificities. The ideal way to investigate this possibility would be to
      perform careful serological and biochemical comparisons of purified HT-A and HL
      A. We report here the first stage of these investigations, the examination of the
      biochemical properties of HT-A. The HT-A molecule of rat plasma is apparently a
      glycoprotein with a molecular weight greater than 1,000,000. The HT-A antigenic
      determinant site seems to reside in the carbohydrate portion of the glycoprotein.
      The native HT-A molecule is apparently susceptible to proteolytic enzymes of rat
      plasma and serum and is cleaved by these enzymes to produce a fragment with a
      lower apparent molecular weight and a larger fragment which coelutes with
      lipoproteins during Sepharose CL-4B chromatography. The data presented here
      should allow development of a rational purification scheme for the HT-A
      glycoprotein of rat plasma to be used in further studies in the relationship
      between HT-A and HL-A.

PMID- 6374967
TI  - T-cell subsets analyzed by monoclonal antibodies in patients with primary
      immunodeficiency diseases.
AB  - The proportion of T-cell subsets was normal in all patients with X-linked
      agammaglobulinemia except for an 8-month patient who showed a decrease in OKT8+ T
      cell population. In two patients with hypogammaglobulinemia with IgM production,
      T-cell subsets were normal in distribution and the patients' B cells produced
      only IgM in culture with autologous T cells. A patient with common variable
      immunodeficiency showed no imbalance in distribution of T-cell subsets. Imbalance
      of regulatory T-cell subsets was found in a patient with DiGeorge syndrome and
      severe combined immunodeficiency.

PMID- 6374968
TI  - A study of serum free C-peptide responses to oral glucose load in diabetic
      patients: with special reference to types of diabetes and methods of treatment.
AB  - Serum free C-peptide immunoreactivities (serum free CPR) during a 100 g oral
      glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were measured in 21 patients with insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus (IDDM, with abrupt onset and ketosis-prone), 57 insulin-treated
      patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ( INIDDM , with gradual
      onset and not ketosis-prone), 39 oral hypoglycemic agent-treated patients with
      noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ( ONIDDM ) and 9 healthy young men for
      control study. Although the fasting blood glucose value of the INIDDM group was
      not significantly different from that of the IDDM and ONIDDM groups, the free CPR
      response at each interval during OGTT in the INIDDM group was significantly
      higher than that in the IDDM group and lower than that in the ONIDDM group. The
      sum of serum free CPR during OGTT (sigma serum free CPR) was found to be
      negatively correlated to the duration of insulin treatment either in bivariate or
      multivariate analysis in INIDDM patients. Using 9.5 ng/ml as an index, all sigma
      serum free CPR values in the ONIDDM group were above this index, whereas all the
      values except one in the IDDM group were below it. The values in the INIDDM were
      scattered within the ranges of the other two groups. The insulinogenic index
      delta serum free CPR/delta blood glucose (30 min-fasting) of the ONIDDM group was
      significantly lower than that of normal subjects, although sigma serum free CPR
      values were not significantly different. The results indicate that: 1. Residual
      pancreatic B-cell function in INIDDM patients is lower than that in ONIDDM
      patients and is negatively correlated to the duration of insulin treatment in
      INIDDM patients. 2. Measuring serum free CPR may be a discriminative method for
      establishing insulin dependency in insulin-treated patients. 3. Impairment of
      early insulin secretion after the oral glucose load is a distinguished
      characteristic of diabetic patients.

PMID- 6374969
TI  - Resistance of a hemorrhagic proteinase from timber rattlesnake venom to
      proteolytic degradation.
AB  - The proteolytic activity of hemorrhagic proteinase IV isolated from timber
      rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus horridus) venom was resistant to inactivation by
      trypsin, pronase and the proteolytic IIt fraction isolated from timber
      rattlesnake venom. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the hemorrhagin
      incubated alone and with the three proteinases revealed that the addition of
      trypsin or the IIt fraction caused little apparent degradation of the
      hemorrhagin, whether or not the samples were reduced prior to electrophoresis.
      SDS electrophoresis of the hemorrhagin after incubation with pronase revealed a
      single band of 28,000 apparent molecular weight (as compared to 52,000 for the
      original hemorrhagin) if the samples were not reduced prior to electrophoresis,
      and a single band of 17,000 if reduced. If the hemorrhagin was reduced and
      alkylated, it was much more susceptible to hydrolysis by all three proteinases.

PMID- 6374970
TI  - Effects of phospholipases A2 from Vipera russelli snake venom on blood pressure,
      plasma prostacyclin level and renin activity in rats.
AB  - Vipera russelli venom contains several isoenzymes of phospholipase A2 (PLA2)
      which were isolated by column chromatography. The effects of PLA2 fractions on
      blood pressure, plasma prostacyclin level and renin activity were studied in
      normotensive and renal hypertensive rats. PLA2 fractions II-5, II-7, III-3 and
      III-6 (0.1 mg/kg) injected i.v. into rats decreased the arterial blood pressure.
      The hypotensive action of PLA2 fractions was not affected by heat treatment (70
      80 degrees C, 30 min, pH 6.8). After indomethacin (30 mg/kg, i.v.), the
      hypotensive response to PLA2 was markedly reduced. Plasma prostacyclin (PGI2) and
      thromboxane A2 (TXA2) levels were measured by radioimmunoassays of their
      degradation products, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2, respectively. PLA2 fractions
      (0.1 mg/kg) induced an increase in plasma PGI2 and TXA2 levels. There was a
      positive linear correlation between the PLA2-induced hypotensive effect and the
      ratio of increased 6-keto-PGF1 alpha to TXB2 (r = 0.83) in normotensive rats. In
      renal hypertensive rats, the increase in PGI2 level was larger than in
      normotensive rats. Plasma renin activity was also measured by the
      radioimmunoassay. Plasma renin activity was reduced by PLA2 fractions in renal
      hypertensive rats, but not in normotensive rats. These results suggest that the
      hypotensive effect of PLA2 fractions in normotensive rats may be partly due to
      the increase in plasma prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 levels. In addition to the
      larger increase in plasma PGI2 level, the reduction in plasma renin activity may
      also contribute to the greater hypotensive effect of PLA2 fractions in renal
      hypertensive rats.

PMID- 6374971
TI  - [Use of kalipsol for intravenous anesthesia in emergency oral surgery].

PMID- 6374972
TI  - [Bone fractures of the middle facial area and their treatment].

PMID- 6374973
TI  - [Device for making occlusal matrices].

PMID- 6374974
TI  - [Patient adaptation to a new bite height in repeated prosthetic treatment].

PMID- 6374975
TI  - [Osteoplasty using a bone and plastic material].

PMID- 6374976
TI  - [Use of pinledge crowns in bite anomalies in adults].

PMID- 6374977
TI  - [Optimization of dose distribution in whole body irradiation by means of
      compensators].
AB  - In case of whole-body irradiation prior to bone marrow graft, an undesired
      irregular dose deposition in the median body plane is caused by the irregular
      body shape and the tissue inhomogeneities of the patient, which can amount up to
      50% of the planned focal dose in case of laterally opposing irradiation. A
      procedure is proposed allowing to modify the dose distribution in the irradiated
      body systematically by means of compensators. Such compensators are produced with
      the aid of an adequate number of serial CT scans, a programme system considering
      these data and the individual irradiation geometry, and a computer-controlled
      cutter working in three dimensions. First a casting mould is manufactured which
      is then filled up with an adequate compensation material. The actual compensation
      data and the planned irradiation geometry are controlled before and during the
      treatment. Taking into consideration the individual shapes and the different
      tissue densities, it is not only possible to prevent the dose inhomogeneities
      mentioned above but also to introduce by means of a special programme part
      regions with a higher or lower dose deposition at any point of the irradiation
      field, at the therapeutist 's discretion.

PMID- 6374978
TI  - [Whole-skin electrotherapy: a therapeutic concept for mycosis fungoides and
      Sezary syndrome. I. Irradiation technic and dosimetry].
AB  - A simple, but efficient radiotherapeutic method is presented for the irradiation
      of the whole body surface. Dosimetric measurement shows that the largest part of
      the skin receives between 80 and 100% of the dose. Only the concave surfaces
      receive a lower dose. They are saturated by boost irradiation. The total body
      exposure due to Bremsstrahlung is less than 1% of the target dose.

PMID- 6374979
TI  - [Radiotherapy of arteriovenous malformations of the brain].
AB  - Arterio-venous malformations of the brain are accompanied by a risk of
      hemorrhages which increases in the course of time. Thus a therapy is indicated as
      soon as the arterio-venous malformation is discovered. If surgical treatment is
      contra-indicated, radiotherapy can be applied with a high rate of success
      (obliteration of the arterio-venous malformation after two years in up to 88% of
      cases). Percutaneous radiotherapy has to be performed with a stereotaxic
      technique under controlled conditions. The stipulations for this treatment are
      described on the basis of our own method. Between August 1982 and July 1983,
      twenty patients have been treated without any complications due to therapy or to
      the disease. This form of radiotherapy using the bremsstrahlung of a linear
      accelerator can be considered as an alternative method with respect to proton
      irradiation.

PMID- 6374980
TI  - [Short-term irradiation of glioblastomas with high-dose single fractions].
AB  - Compared to surgery alone, postoperative radiotherapy leads with glioblastomas
      (grade IV gliomas) to a significant improvement of the therapeutic results. The
      prolongation of survival time, however, is to a large extent compensated by the
      therapy itself (it normally implicates hospitalisation). Therefore, we tested the
      efficiency of rapid course irradiation with high fractions. 70 patients were
      treated daily with individual fractions of 3.5 Gy, 4 to 6 fractions per week. The
      entire dose amounted to 31.5 to 38.5 Gy. The average survival time was 33.5 weeks
      corresponding to the survival time known from the combined surgical and
      radiotherapy treatment of glioblastomas. An effective increase in therapy-free
      survival time seems possible, especially when the entire focal dose does not
      exceed 35 Gy. It is remarkable that the patients with the maximum exposure did
      not have the longest survival times and rates. Living conditions for the patients
      were similar to those with conventional fractionation , or even better. Rapid
      course irradiation with high fractions and a limited total dose (35 Gy) presently
      is - apart from the accelerated superfractionation - a successful measure to
      prolong the therapy-free survival time for patients with grade IV gliomas.

PMID- 6374981
TI  - [Effect of fractionation on the immunosuppressive effect of total lymphatic
      irradiation (TLI)].
AB  - The influence of single dose and fractionation on the immunosuppressive effect of
      a total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) was investigated by experimentation on animals
      and compared to literature. Lewis rats were irradiated with a constant temporal
      dose distribution. The weekly dose of 7,0 Gy was fractionated into 1 X 7,0 Gy, 2
      X 3,5 Gy and 7 X 1,0 Gy, with rising total doses. The survival time of cutaneous
      allografts served as parameter for the immunosuppression; the toxicity of the
      treatment was related to the immunosuppressive effect. Immunosuppression as well
      as toxicity showed differences depending on fractionation. For both criteria, the
      fractionation of 2 X 3,5 Gy per week had better results. The validity of the
      Ellis formula for the immunosuppression induced by total lymphoid irradiation was
      restricted.

PMID- 6374982
TI  - Cerebral autoregulation.

PMID- 6374984
TI  - Extended-wear contact lenses in aphakia: physiology, lens design, fitting, and
      results.

PMID- 6374983
TI  - Treatment of cerebral ischemia--where are we headed.

PMID- 6374985
TI  - Extracapsular cataract extraction: indications and technique.

PMID- 6374986
TI  - Safety first! Alternatives to pseudophakia.

PMID- 6374987
TI  - The Terry keratometer.

PMID- 6374988
TI  - Planned extracapsular cataract extraction techniques.

PMID- 6374989
TI  - The Johnson Foundation for Medical Physics. The first Department of Medical
      Physics and Biophysics.

PMID- 6374990
TI  - Studies related to the pathogenesis of rheumatic fever.

PMID- 6374991
TI  - Otto Neubauer: a neglected biomedical scientist.

PMID- 6374992
TI  - College portraits. The men on the walls--V. William S. W. Ruschenberger.

PMID- 6374993
TI  - Judith S. Mausner, M.D. 1924-1983.

PMID- 6374994
TI  - Alexander Rush 1910-1983.

PMID- 6374995
TI  - The sociopsychology of work ethics.

PMID- 6374996
TI  - Acquired hemolytic anemia due to "auto"-anti-A or "auto"-anti-B induced by group
      O homograft in renal transplant recipients.
AB  - Three patients developed severe but self-limited hemolytic anemia within 2 weeks
      of renal transplantation. All three had received kidneys from cadaver donors who
      were blood group O. Two of the recipients were blood group B while the third was
      blood group A. There was no pretransplant preparation of the donors or the
      recipients. Preoperative crossmatch and antibody screen were negative; however,
      subsequent to the hemolytic episodes, group-specific blood was incompatible and
      the patients were transfused with group O crossmatch-compatible blood. Blood bank
      serological tests showed a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT), and anti-A
      and anti-B were eluted from group A and B patients, respectively. There was no
      evidence of hemolysis despite the positive DAT at 37 days following
      transplantation in two of the three patients who were maintained on cyclosporine
      immunosuppression. Retrospective analysis of renal transplant records showed that
      these "autoantibodies" appeared in three of the four renal transplant recipients
      who were on an immunosuppressive regimen of cyclosporine , with or without
      prednisone, but not in the 21 recipients who received radiotherapy to the donor
      kidney in addition to cyclosporine or azathioprine (p = less than 0.001). The
      possible pathogenetic mechanism for "autoantibody" formation by donor kidney and
      the role of immunosuppressive agents are discussed.

PMID- 6374997
TI  - Prostaglandin synthesis associated with renal allograft rejection in the dog.
AB  - Vasospasm and intrarenal thrombosis are characteristics of acute renal allograft
      rejection. A possible mediator of these phenomena is thromboxane A2. Single
      kidneys were exchanged between nonimmunosuppressed mongrel dogs. At intervals
      after transplantation, rejecting and normal kidneys were removed and slices of
      cortex and medulla were prepared for incubation. The in vitro release of
      thromboxane B2 (TxB2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1a (6
      keto-PGF1 alpha) into the incubation media was measured by radioimmunoassay.
      Within 72 hr of transplantation the cortex of rejecting kidneys synthesized 10 to
      30 times as much PGE2 and TxB2 as normal controls. A similar increase was not
      observed for 6-keto-PGF1 alpha synthesis. In the medulla there was a selective
      reduction in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha production within five days of transplantation. In
      both cortex and medulla there was a significant increase in the ratio of TxB2 to
      6-keto-PGF1 alpha production. Reversal of the normal TxB2:6-keto-PGF1 alpha ratio
      could induce the widespread intrarenal thrombosis and vasospasm that
      characterizes acute renal allograft rejection.

PMID- 6374998
TI  - A microangiographic study of renal allograft rejection and the effects of
      immunosuppression in the rabbit.
AB  - Minute renal cortical vascular changes in 14 allografts without treatment, 14
      allografts with immuno-suppressive drugs, and 14 control autografts, were studied
      in rabbits using a quantitative microangiographic technique. The
      immunosuppressive regimen used was azathioprine 1 mg/kg, cyclophosphamide 1
      mg/kg, and methylprednisolone 0.5 mg/kg, daily. The kidney grafts, removed at 2,
      4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 days after renal transplantation, were examined
      histologically and microangiographically . Interstitial mononuclear cell
      infiltration at two days was observed to almost the same degree in allografts
      with or without immunosuppressive drugs. In the group without treatment,
      vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles and interlobular arteries was noted 2 to
      4 days after renal transplantation, followed by progressive reduction in
      glomerular size and number. The vasoconstriction began to recover 6 days after
      renal transplantation; it is considered to be the first step of the functional
      disturbance in renal allograft rejection. In the group with immunosuppressive
      treatment, temporary vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles and interlobular
      arteries occurred as well. However, subsequent changes at the glomerular level
      were definitely prevented. These results suggest that immunosuppressive drugs may
      prevent one of the processes by which infiltrating lymphocytes cause lesions of
      the glomerular capillary walls.

PMID- 6374999
TI  - Autoantibodies to nuclear, cytoplasmic, and cytoskeletal antigens in renal
      allograft rejection.
AB  - Autoantibodies (AA) detected by indirect immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells and
      lymphocyte panel reactive antibodies (PRA) were measured pretransplant and within
      2 weeks after transplant nephrectomy in a group of 21 consecutive renal allograft
      recipients with irreversible graft rejection. No patient had clinical evidence or
      history of autoimmune disease. Although 43% of patients had AA and 29% had a
      positive PRA pretransplant, 90% had AA and 100% had a positive PRA post
      transplant nephrectomy (P less than 0.0032, 0.00001, respectively). Analysis of
      AA detected following graft failure revealed that all were of IgG class, and more
      than half the patients had multiple patterns including speckled nuclear,
      cytoplasmic, perinuclear, mitotic spindle apparatus, and smooth muscle staining.
      Of 11 patients retested up to one year later, all showed a persistence of
      previously detected AA in both pattern and titer, although none of the patients
      had any other signs or symptoms of autoimmune disease. A control group of 21
      transplant recipients with functioning grafts was similarly tested revealing that
      35% had AA and 29% had positive PRA pretransplant, but only 14% had AA and 14%
      positive PRA posttransplant. The presence of post-transplant AA or PRA was not
      associated with antecedent delayed graft function (ATN), rejection episodes,
      treatment with antithymocyte globulin, the interval posttransplantation, or
      subsequent graft outcome. However, pretransplant AA and PRA in both groups were
      associated with prior graft loss, but not with other variables examined. These
      findings indicate that serologically detectable sensitization to lymphocyte (HLA)
      antigens and the presence of persistent, multiple autoantibodies to nuclear,
      cytoplasmic, and cytoskeletal antigens is a frequent occurrence following graft
      loss. Furthermore, the development of AA following graft rejection appears to be
      unrelated to the prior presence or subsequent development of clinical autoimmune
      disease.

PMID- 6375000
TI  - Regression of androgen-related hepatic tumors in patients with Fanconi's anemia
      following marrow transplantation.
AB  - Two patients with Fanconi's anemia treated for 5 years with oxymetholone
      developed hepatic function abnormalities in association with hepatic tumors
      demonstrated by isotope liver-spleen scan or abdominal echogram. The lesions
      resolved over a period of 26 months after allogeneic marrow transplantation, and
      the patients are alive and well 3 and 4 years following transplantation. The
      course of these patients indicates that marrow transplantation for Fanconi's
      anemia allows the withdrawal of androgens and subsequent regression of androgen
      related hepatic tumors in patients who might otherwise have a fatal outcome.

PMID- 6375001
TI  - The clinical and pathological course of hepatitis B liver disease in renal
      transplant recipients.
AB  - A prospective study of the clinical and pathological sequelae of hepatitis B
      disease in 22 immunosuppressed renal transplant patients is reported. All
      patients had allografts that functioned for more than 1 year, and all were
      hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive following transplantation. None of
      the 18 patients who had serial HBsAg tests converted to HBsAg negative. Serial
      liver biopsies were performed in 19 patients and one liver biopsy was available
      in the remaining three patients. Follow-up ranged from 12 to 93 months. Seven
      patients ultimately developed cirrhosis, 6 developed chronic active hepatitis, 5
      developed chronic persistent hepatitis, and in 4 the presence of HB virus in
      hepatocytes was the sole morphologic alteration. The initial liver biopsy was not
      an accurate predictor of ultimate severity of liver disease because 5 of the 12
      patients with virus only or chronic persistent hepatitis subsequently developed
      chronic active hepatitis or cirrhosis. Clinical liver dysfunction occurred in 8
      patients, all of whom had chronic active hepatitis or cirrhosis. Three patients
      died with hepatic failure and 2 with hepatoma. The risk of death from liver
      disease in HBsAg-positive renal transplant patients was 5% per patient-year. For
      comparison, 10 HBsAg-positive patients whose renal failure had been treated by
      hemodialysis were also studied over a comparable period. Biochemical evidence of
      persistent liver dysfunction recurred in 1 patient only; 4 patients converted to
      the HBsAg-negative state; and no patient has died from complications of liver
      disease. We conclude that in the immunosuppressed renal transplant patient HB
      infection often results in the development of chronic active hepatitis, leading
      to cirrhosis and death from hepatoma and hepatic failure.

PMID- 6375002
TI  - The late adverse effect of splenectomy on patient survival following cadaveric
      renal transplantation.
AB  - Kidney and patient survival of 351 consecutive patients undergoing first
      cadaveric renal transplants since 1968 were reviewed to determine the effects of
      splenectomy on outcome. Special emphasis was given to analysis of 106
      splenectomized and 102 nonsplenectomized patients treated since 1975. During the
      first two years after transplant, kidney survival was better in the
      splenectomized patients, with no adverse effect on patient survival. However,
      after the first two years, patient survival became significantly worse in
      splenectomized patients (35.5% vs. 60.5% at 84 months). Of the deaths, infection
      was the cause in 26.7% of nonsplenectomized patients compared with 50% of
      splenectomized patients (P less than 0.07). Of patients alive at one year
      posttransplant, death rates were not different in patients splenectomized before
      1975 or after 1975. Timing of splenectomy (prior vs. concurrent) had no effect on
      outcome. The adverse effect of splenectomy on mortality appeared to be more
      pronounced in younger (less than or equal to 45 year-old) than in older (greater
      than 45 year-old) patients. Splenectomy should not be performed routinely in
      preparation for a cadaveric transplant because of an unacceptably high late
      mortality that is primarily from sepsis.

PMID- 6375003
TI  - Excretion of urokallikrein in renal transplant patients. Relation to graft
      rejection, renal function, and blood pressure.
AB  - The relation between urinary kallikrein excretion ( Ukal ) and rejection, graft
      function, and blood pressure was studied in 45 renal transplant recipients. Ukal
      was assayed by means of an enzymatic (amidolytic) method, as well as with a
      specific radioimmunoassay. In a group of 10 patients studied longitudinally from
      the day of transplantation till day 35 +/- 3, an increase in urinary amidolytic
      activity without a concomitant increase in kallikrein antigen excretion was found
      to precede 11 out of 14 rejection episodes. This increased amidolytic activity
      generally persisted for several days. It was demonstrated by chromatography using
      an immunoadsorbent column of antiurokallikrein that the rejection-associated
      esterase, or esterases, differed from urokallikrein . In 35 outpatient recipients
      with stable graft function, Ukal excretion was decreased compared with that of
      healthy controls (42 +/- 7.5 vs. 107.5 +/- 7.3 micrograms/24 hr by
      radioimmunoassay and 0.70 +/- 0.08 vs. 1.10 +/- 0.07 U/24 hr, using the
      amidolytic method); for these patients a significant correlation between Ukal
      excretion and creatinine clearance was found (P less than 0.02). Both in
      transplant recipients and in controls there was a close correlation between the
      results of the two Ukal assays (P less than 0.001). No significant relation
      between Ukal excretion and blood pressure was found, either for patients or for
      controls. It is concluded that acute graft rejection is accompanied by an
      increased excretion of nonurokallikrein esterase(s). The lower Ukal excretion in
      patients with stable renal function seems to be related to their reduced renal
      function. No relation between Ukal excretion and blood pressure levels was found.

PMID- 6375004
TI  - Survival of human fetal pancreatic explants in organ culture as reflected in
      insulin secretion and oxygen consumption.
AB  - Human fetal pancreatic explants were maintained in organ culture for up to 12
      days in medium TC 199 or RPMI 1640 supplemented with 20% fetal calf serum. The
      explants were cultured at their air-liquid interface on a Millipore filter
      supported by surgical gel foam (ALI technique). The insulin accumulation in the
      culture medium decreased considerably when explants were maintained for 6 days in
      RPMI 1640. No corresponding decline was observed with medium TC 199. Four out of
      9 RPMI 1640-cultured and 8 out of 11 TC 199-cultured explants responded with an
      increased insulin release when challenged with high glucose-plus-theophylline
      after one week of culture. With these explants there was a statistically
      significant correlation between their rates of respiration and insulin secretion.
      Furthermore, significant correlations were found between the fetal crown-heel
      length on the one hand--and the insulin content, insulin response, and oxygen
      uptake on the other--of the TC 199 cultured explants. There was no apparent
      change in the rate of insulin accumulation by addition of high glucose or amino
      acids to the TC 199 medium. It is concluded that oxygen uptake measurements,
      requiring only minute amounts of tissue, are useful for assessing the viability
      of human fetal pancreatic explants, and that the ALI technique for maintaining
      human fetal pancreas in culture offers no obvious advantage over that of the
      submersion technique. There is also evidence that suggests a better functional
      preservation in culture medium TC 199 than in RPMI 1640.

PMID- 6375005
TI  - Hemopoietic reconstitution of marrow and spleens in mice after whole-body
      irradiation and marrow transplantation.

PMID- 6375006
TI  - Sensitization following kidney graft failure and blood transfusion.

PMID- 6375007
TI  - Natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity and skin cancer in long-term renal allograft
      recipients.

PMID- 6375008
TI  - ABO-autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a renal transplant patient treated with
      cyclosporin. A case report.

PMID- 6375009
TI  - The effect of donor blood transfusion on cadaver kidney transplant outcome.

PMID- 6375010
TI  - Experience of transplantation in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis (CAPD)

PMID- 6375011
TI  - The potential use of immunotoxins in transplantation, cancer therapy, and
      immunoregulation.

PMID- 6375012
TI  - Macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity against cultured pancreatic islet cells.
AB  - Direct macrophage cytotoxicity against islet cells was examined in a
      morphological and biochemical study using mouse pancreatic islet cell monolayers
      cultured in the presence of macrophages. Secretory responsiveness of CBA/J beta
      cells was tested after 4 days of coculture with syngeneic or allogeneic
      (C57BL/6J) peritoneal macrophages. Although basal secretion of insulin in
      response to 5.5 mM glucose was not affected, stimulated insulin secretion in
      response to 16.5 mM glucose and 5 mM theophylline was reduced by as much as 70%
      in the presence of syngeneic or allogeneic macrophages. No such effect on
      stimulated insulin release was observed from cultured islets incubated in the
      presence of macrophage-conditioned medium. After refeeding the cultures at 4
      days, zones of islet cell lysis began to appear wherever macrophages came into
      contact with islet cells. This macrophage-mediated killing was observed
      regardless of the source of the macrophages (e.g., intraislet "resident"
      macrophages, thioglycollate-stimulated peritoneal exudate macrophages, bone
      marrow-derived macrophages, and splenic macrophages). The killing was seen with
      both syngeneic and allogeneic macrophages. Macrophages adjacent to islet cells
      extended filopodia into the monolayers, and those that adhered to the top of the
      islet cells formed lytic plaques. This study, by providing direct evidence of
      macrophage cell-mediated killing of islet cells, suggests the value of
      eliminating resident macrophages prior to islet transplantation into syngeneic or
      allogeneic hosts.

PMID- 6375013
TI  - Simultaneous transplantation of kidney and duct-ligated segmental pancreas in the
      rat. En bloc technique using two vascular anastomoses.
AB  - A new surgical technique of simultaneous kidney and pancreas transplantation is
      described here. It was used to perform 28 isografts in inbred male Wistar ( RT1y
      ) rats: 3 animals died within 3 days from early complications and 4 had long-term
      complications (2 severe pancreatitis and 2 urinary tract complications); 1 animal
      was killed at 3 months, and its organs were examined histologically. At greater
      than 4 months after transplantation 2 animals died normoglycemic from
      undetermined causes. In 3 animals the isografted pancreas was removed at 6 months
      to assess the effectiveness of the transplant. Currently, 15 animals are alive
      and normoglycemic greater than 6 months after transplantation. Morphological
      aspects of simultaneously isografted organs are unchanged when compared with
      separately transplanted organs. In our opinion this technique provides a useful
      experimental model to study several technical and immunological problems still
      present in kidney and pancreas transplantation in diabetic patients.

PMID- 6375014
TI  - Early diagnosis of rejection. Correlation of enzymuria and histological findings
      after renal transplantation in the rat.
AB  - One hundred renal transplants were performed between different rat strain
      combinations. Posttransplant renal function was monitored using serum creatinine
      levels, creatinine clearance rates, and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG)
      enzymuria. These biochemical measurements were compared with the morphological
      appearances of the transplanted kidney. Rises in NAG enzymuria proved to be
      useful diagnostic indicators of graft rejection with a false positive rate of
      only 6%. In 78% of the rejection episodes, the urinary NAG level rose 2 days
      before any elevation in serum creatinine concentration. There was a close
      correlation among increasing NAG enzymuria, decreasing renal function, and the
      structural events of rejection--indicating that the routine measurement of
      tubular enzymuria would be of value in the prediction and diagnosis of renal
      allograft rejection.

PMID- 6375015
TI  - An apparent paradoxical effect of pretransplant blood transfusions. Its
      association with decreased anti-HLA antibody formation following unsuccessful
      renal transplantation.
AB  - Many potential renal transplant recipients develop multispecific anti-HLA
      antibodies after a previous unsuccessful transplant. Therefore, it became
      important to analyze factors that could predispose to multispecific anti-HLA
      antibodies in the hope of preventing their occurrence because their presence
      hinders early retransplantation. In these studies, we elected to retrospectively
      analyze the impact of previous transfusions and the degree of HLA-A,B antigen
      mismatch on the development of these antibodies. Patients transplanted within the
      South Eastern Organ Procurement Foundation ( SEOPF ) after January 1977 were
      analyzed. All patients in these studies were immunosuppressed with prednisone and
      azothioprine . Antibodies to HLA antigens were determined in a complement
      dependent microcytotoxicity assay utilizing recipient's sera and lymphocyte cell
      panels from random donors. Multispecificity of antibody was quantitated and
      expressed as the percentage of reactivity to lymphocyte panel (PRL). Only
      patients who lost their first cadaveric kidney allograft, and who, in addition,
      had a peak of less than 15% pretransplant and no prior pregnancies were analyzed.
      Peak posttransplant PRL had to be determined within 3 months after allograft
      failure. In the 146 patients with accurate transfusion data, it became evident
      that patients who received more than 5 pretransplant transfusions seldom
      developed greater than or equal to 50% PRL posttransplantation (P less than
      0.001). Only 12% of patients receiving more than 5 pretransplant transfusions
      developed greater than or equal to 50% PRL, whereas 50% of patients with minimal
      pretransplant transfusions developed greater than or equal to 50% PRL. This
      protective effect of pretransplant transfusions was seen even in recipients
      receiving 3 and 4 HLA-A,B mismatched kidneys (P less than 0.01). The reason for
      this apparent protective effect is not clear from our data; it could be explained
      either on the basis of a selection process (i.e., exclusion of high responders
      pretransplant) or by suppression of the immune system. Nonetheless, these
      observations warrant attention, because the protective effect may be useful in
      preventing development of high PRL posttransplant in the event of a rejection.

PMID- 6375016
TI  - Increased vulnerability of the donor organ in related kidney transplants for
      certain diseases.
AB  - The one-year kidney transplant survival rates from parental donors into
      recipients with pyelonephritis (PN) was 79% as compared with the low rate of 62%
      for polycystic disease (PC) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Even more striking was
      the 42% one-year graft survival in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients
      receiving parental donor grafts. HLA-identical sibling donor transplants into
      patients with DM had a low survival rate of 75% as compared with 90% in PN
      patients. These results were analyzed for interactions of donor type and disease
      by comparing the relative survival rates among types of donors within each
      recipient disease. After taking into account higher overall risks attributable to
      medical complications inherent in the different disease categories, related donor
      grafts into patients with PC, SLE, and DM have lower graft survival rates than
      would be expected from differences in cadaver donor rates by disease. In
      practical terms, for related donor transplants into patients with SLE, DM, and
      PC, it may be necessary to consider the vulnerability of the donor organ as
      another factor.

PMID- 6375017
TI  - Lack of clinical significance, in renal transplantation, of a sensitive
      lymphocyte crossmatch procedure.

PMID- 6375018
TI  - Effect of antilymphoblast globulin on Coombs' reactions.

PMID- 6375019
TI  - The difference in endocrine functions in right and left segmental pancreas
      autografts in dogs.

PMID- 6375020
TI  - Modification of function and migration patterns of thymocyte populations by
      cyclosporine after organ transplantation in rats.

PMID- 6375021
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation in the cat.

PMID- 6375022
TI  - Cardiac allotransplantation in rats supported with preoperative total lymphoid
      irradiation, low-dose cyclosporine, and splenectomy.

PMID- 6375023
TI  - Biological basis for organ transplantation in diabetics.

PMID- 6375024
TI  - Patient selection and risk factors in organ transplantation in diabetics:
      experience with kidney and pancreas.

PMID- 6375025
TI  - What to expect from pancreas transplantation.

PMID- 6375026
TI  - Clinical results of renal transplantation in diabetic patients.

PMID- 6375027
TI  - Coronary artery disease in 100 diabetics with end-stage renal failure.

PMID- 6375028
TI  - Improving results in primary diabetic renal transplantation.
AB  - One hundred seventeen patients with renal failure resulting from insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus received primary renal allografts from June 1970 to
      April 1983. Factors significantly associated with improved graft and patient
      survival were LRD sources (in particular, HLA-identical) and splenectomy.
      Variables such as transfusions, age, sex, and the administration of ALG were not
      significantly associated with transplant outcome. However, survival of patients
      and grafts has improved in recent years and continues to compare favorably with
      hemodialysis results. Although splenectomy might be the most important variable
      responsible for the improvement of our recent results, the use of ALG for
      rejection episodes might have contributed substantially to the improvement. Early
      transplantation, not analyzed in this study, might prove to be the most
      significant variable in the outcome of transplantation in patients with diabetic
      renal failure.

PMID- 6375029
TI  - Improved results of renal transplantation in diabetic nephropathy.

PMID- 6375030
TI  - Results of renal transplantation in diabetics at the University of Minnesota
      since 1979, including a comparison of outcome in diabetic and nondiabetic
      recipients randomized to cyclosporine versus azathioprine for immunosuppression.

PMID- 6375031
TI  - Cadaveric kidney transplantation in diabetics after total lymphoid irradiation
      (TLI).

PMID- 6375032
TI  - Left ventricular function before and after renal transplantation in diabetics.

PMID- 6375033
TI  - Recurrence of diabetic nephropathy in human renal allografts: preliminary report
      of a biopsy study.

PMID- 6375034
TI  - Follow-up of simultaneous kidney and pancreas transplantation in type I diabetes.

PMID- 6375035
TI  - Clinical experience with segmental pancreatic allografts.

PMID- 6375036
TI  - Minnesota experience with 81 pancreas transplants since 1978.

PMID- 6375037
TI  - Combined kidney and pancreas grafting--is it really safe and does it jeopardize
      the kidney?

PMID- 6375038
TI  - Deterioration in glucose metabolism in pancreatic transplant recipients after
      conversion from azathioprine to cyclosporine.
AB  - Six recipients of combined pancreas and kidney transplants displayed a
      deterioration in glucose tolerance when the immunosuppressive therapy was changed
      from azathioprine-prednisolone to cyclosporine-prednisolone. Because at the same
      time the plasma C-peptide level increased it seems that insulin resistance,
      rather than reduced insulin secretion, caused the impairment in glucose
      tolerance. The condition was found to be reversible.

PMID- 6375039
TI  - Segmental pancreatic transplantation with duct ligature or enteric diversion:
      technical aspects.

PMID- 6375041
TI  - Clinical and experimental experience with pancreaticocystostomy for exocrine
      pancreatic drainage in pancreas transplantation.

PMID- 6375040
TI  - Experience with 13 segmental pancreas transplants in cyclosporine-treated
      diabetic patients using ethibloc for duct obliteration (surgical aspects).

PMID- 6375042
TI  - Duct management of segmental pancreatic allografts in pigs.

PMID- 6375044
TI  - Third International Symposium on Heart Substitution.

PMID- 6375043
TI  - Effect of venous drainage to the vena cava and denervation on endocrine function
      of pancreatic segments in dogs.
AB  - IVGTTs and OGTTs (0.5 g/kg glucose) were performed in 36 normal dogs (group N)
      and one to two weeks postoperatively in 22 dogs after partial pancreatectomy [(
      ppx ] group I); nine dogs after ppx and pancreatic venous drainage to the
      inferior vena cava (group II); nine dogs after ppx and pancreatic denervation
      (group III); and in seven dogs after ppx , venous drainage to the vena cava, and
      denervation (group IV). Fasting glucose and insulin were in the same range in all
      dogs. In IVGTT peak insulin levels were diminished by ppx , but total insulin
      secretion was similar in all dogs. Systemic venous drainage and denervation had
      no effect on glucose tolerance, peak insulin, and total amount of insulin
      appearing in the peripheral circulation. In groups II and IV, there was a linear
      correlation between individual K values and the area under the insulin curve,
      whereas there was no such correlation in groups I and III. In OGTTs , glucose
      tolerance and the total amount of insulin were equal in groups I through IV but
      diminished compared to group N. Venous transposition resulted in an early
      increase of insulin secretion and a late insulin peak. Thus, glucose load and
      islet cell mass are the determinants of glucose tolerance and insulin secretion
      in this model. Neither drainage of the pancreatic blood to the vena cava nor
      denervation have measurable influence on magnitude and effectivity of fasting and
      stimulated insulin secretion.

PMID- 6375045
TI  - Perspectives on heart substitution.

PMID- 6375046
TI  - Future of cardiac transplantation.

PMID- 6375047
TI  - Clinical trials of two-staged cardiac transplantation using an orthotopic
      mechanical heart.

PMID- 6375048
TI  - Heterotopic versus orthotopic heart transplantation.

PMID- 6375049
TI  - Treatment of diabetic coma in a tropical environment.
AB  - Fourteen patients admitted to Muhimbili Medical Centre, Dar es Salaam in diabetic
      coma were treated according to a management plan based on the hourly
      administration of low doses of soluble insulin. The use of this treatment plan
      resulted in a significant fall in mortality. Three patients died. While these
      results are still unsatisfactory, the study has shown that combining the
      treatment plan with enthusiastic and constant medical and nursing care, the
      results of treatment of diabetic coma in the tropics can approach those of the
      developed world. The treatment plan is described in detail, since we believe that
      it can be used in hospitals with only basic facilities.

PMID- 6375050
TI  - Reappearance of Anopheles darlingi root and vivax malaria in a controlled area of
      Guyana, South America.
AB  - A small outbreak of malaria was reported at Linden, the major mining town of
      bauxite and alumina, and situated 105 km up the Demerara River. Mass blood and
      fever case surveys were undertaken, coupled with subsequent passive case
      detection at the complex's hospital. Twelve vivax malaria cases were found; seven
      of these seem to have been infected indigenously. Corresponding surveys on the
      anopheline vectors showed for the first time since 1948 the presence of An.
      darlingi Root, 1926 in the outbreak areas of the upper Demerara River. Further,
      another known vector in Guyana, An. aquasalis Curry, 1932 was also found biting.
      The presence of An. intermedius Peryassu, 1908 was confirmed and An. bellator
      Dyar & Knab, 1906 was reported from Guyana for the first time. An. braziliensis
      Chagas, 1907 was also sampled. The presence of known vectors of malaria in Guyana
      i.e. An. darlingi and An. aquasalis and vivax malaria parasites up the Demerara
      River emphasize the possible reinvasion of the densely populated coastland with
      malaria.

PMID- 6375051
TI  - Chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria from Malawi.
AB  - A case of falciparum malaria from Malawi is reported. RII resistance to
      chloroquine according to WHO standards is proven. This is the first case of
      chloroquine-resistance, assessed according to WHO standards, reported from
      Malawi.

PMID- 6375052
TI  - Psychiatric presentations in rabies. A clinico-pathologic report from South India
      with a review of literature.
AB  - Two atypical cases of rabies, mimicking respectively schizophrenic psychosis and
      acute manic excitement, are reported along with autopsy data. The importance to
      recognize these variants, particularly in rabies prevalent areas, is emphasized.
      The potential sources of diagnostic confusion are discussed, along with a review
      of the relevant literature.

PMID- 6375053
TI  - [Ovarian interstitial cells in mammals].
AB  - Certain components of the interstitial glandular tissue of ovaries are singled
      out and described in the review. Data on the ultrastructure of interstitial cells
      and on the amount of various components, hormones and enzymic systems in them are
      systematized. The interstitial glandular tissue of ovaries, besides follicular
      and lutein cells, forms a steroidogenic complex which ensures a reproductive
      function of the woman organism.

PMID- 6375054
TI  - [Nature of the phenotypic variability of somatic cells in culture: unstable
      phenotypic changes].
AB  - It was stated elsewhere ( Glebov , Abramyan , 1983) that the appearance of a
      number of phenotypic variants detected in somatic cell populations with high
      frequency should be provided by genetical unstable alterations. The properties of
      somatic cell variants that reproduce unstably a changable phenotype in the course
      of cell generations are analysed. These variants: (1) appear accidentally and
      independently on selectivity agent; (2) as a rule, the frequency of the variant
      arising does not increase under the action of mutagens; (3) the phenotypic
      reversion of unstable variants is a stochastic process; (4) such variants are
      characterized by intraclonal heterogeneity and by the segregation of stable
      alternative variants. The number of properties of phenotypically unstable
      variants isolated by one-step selection is similar to those for somatic cell
      variants isolated in the course of multistep selection. The latter are
      characterized by phenotypic reversion too. The appearance of unstable phenotypic
      variants is concluded to be associated with the genetical unstable alterations.
      It is argued that at least part of above alterations should be induced by the
      insertion of mobile genetic elements. The features of karyotypical variation in
      somatic cell population allow to conclude that the karyotype of cultured somatic
      cells is a genetically unstable attribute. The features mentioned above are: a
      high frequency of karyotypical alterations which is inherited by the cells with
      difference in the frequency of arising of karyotypical alteratons . The
      unstability of karyotype is restricted to the genetic unstability that is seen
      from non-random karyotypic variation, and interclonal difference in the
      chromosome stability. The site-specificity of karyotype alterations that proceed
      with high frequency allow to put forward a hypothesis that the process of mobile
      genetic element transposition is induced on the early stages of the history of
      constant cultured cell lines.

PMID- 6375056
TI  - [Nursing and the republic period].

PMID- 6375055
TI  - [Immunomorphological study of fibronectin localization in a primary human aorta
      cell culture].
AB  - Using indirect immunofluorescence, fibronectin localization in primary culture of
      human aortic cells was studied. Intimal and medical cultures obtained from normal
      and atherosclerotic zones were investigated. Four morphological cell types,
      previously described elsewhere, were found in these cultures. All the cell types
      were able to synthesise fibronectin and to form the extracellular matrix in
      culture. But the pattern and quantity of this matrix differs in different cell
      types. Elongate cells formed a fine network of fibronectin on their surface, but
      stellate, polygonal and asymmetric cells contained only several fibers of
      extracellular fibronectin. There was difference in the fibronectin localization
      pattern of the surface of cells, isolated from intima and media as well as from
      normal and atherosclerotic zones.

PMID- 6375057
TI  - Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis of bronchopulmonary
      neuroendocrine neoplasms. I. Carcinoids.
AB  - Twenty-five strictly defined bronchopulmonary carcinoids were studied by light
      microscopic immunohistochemistry by the peroxidase technique for NSE (neuron
      specific enolase), serotonin, and a broad spectrum of neuropeptides. Eighteen
      cases were also studied by electron microscopy. Twenty-three of the twenty-five
      cases showed immunostaining for NSE; 24 cases displayed immunostaining for at
      least two of the hormones tested for; the single case that failed to show
      hormonal immuno-reactivity was however positive for NSE and had granules by
      electron microscopy. Serotonin was the most frequently demonstrated hormone
      followed by bombesin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, gastrin, leu-enkephalin ,
      alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone, somatostatin, substance P, and calcitonin.
      In several cases, adjacent-step sections stained for different hormones strongly
      indicated immunoreactivity for more than one hormone in single neoplastic cells.
      By electron microscopy, all 18 cases studied showed generally abundant
      neurosecretory granules, which, however, displayed considerable heterogeneity in
      their size, shape, and density. Twelve of these eighteen cases displayed evidence
      of squamous differentiation and 10 showed characteristic exocrine lumina. The
      capability of single neuroendocrine tumors and single neuroendocrine tumor cells
      to produce more than one immunoreactive hormone is hereby amply confirmed; these
      broad capabilities are certainly reflected in the heterogeneous granule
      populations seen by electron microscopy. The synchronous presence of squamous and
      exocrine features in broncho-pulmonary carcinoids indicates that they too are
      capable of multidirectional differentiation, which should not detract from their
      being regarded basically as well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms. The
      clinical significance of strictly defining bronchial carcinoids is underscored by
      the fact that of 25 cases followed for 2-13 years, only one developed metastases
      9 years postoperatively.

PMID- 6375058
TI  - Late development of metastases from retroperitoneal paraganglioma.

PMID- 6375059
TI  - [Etomidate (Hypnomidat). Local venous side-effects].

PMID- 6375060
TI  - [Tubal migration of the Nova-T intrauterine device to the peritoneal cavity].

PMID- 6375061
TI  - [Bacterial culture in surgical treatment of cutaneous abscesses?].

PMID- 6375062
TI  - [Diurnal variation of angina pectoris attacks. Changes during treatment with beta
      blockers].

PMID- 6375063
TI  - Bibliography of biomedical ultrasound.

PMID- 6375064
TI  - [Experimental vascular microanastomosis: separated stitches or whip-stitch?].

PMID- 6375065
TI  - Urinary kallikrein excretion in patients with primary aldosteronism:
      differentiation of adrenal adenoma from idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia.
AB  - Following 7 days on a low sodium diet, a regular sodium diet or a high sodium
      diet each, urine samples were collected from 37 subjects in the final days of
      each sodium treatment. Urinary kallikrein excretion was determined in 9 patients
      with primary aldosteronism, 15 normal subjects and 13 patients with essential
      hypertension. Urinary aldosterone excretion, plasma renin activity (PRA), urinary
      sodium excretion, urinary potassium excretion and p-aminohippuric acid clearance
      were also determined on the same days. Levels of urinary kallikrein excretion in
      patients with primary aldosteronism due to aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA)
      were greater (p less than 0.05 to p less than 0.001) than those in patients with
      primary aldosteronism due to idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia (IHA) under any
      sodium diet. Other examined variables were of limited value in differentiating
      patients with APA from those with IHA. Urinary kallikrein excretion, urinary
      excretion of electrolyte, urinary aldosterone excretion, PRA and PAH clearance
      were similar in normal subjects and patients with essential hypertension. It
      appears reasonable to conclude from these data that urinary kallikrein does not
      play an important role in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, and
      elevated urinary kallikrein excretion in patients with primary aldosteronism due
      to APA can be used for biochemical differentiation from those with IHA.

PMID- 6375066
TI  - Spontaneous renal allograft rupture 4 years after transplantation.
AB  - Previously, the longest reported interval between clinical renal transplantation
      and 'spontaneous' renal allograft rupture was 170 days. We here report a case
      with an interval of 4 years between renal transplantation and the delayed
      'spontaneous' renal allograft rupture (DSR). The aetiology appears to be a
      vigorous rejection confirmed by operative and pathological findings. The patient
      who was a cadaver donor recipient presented with pain and tenderness at the
      transplant site, falling haematocrit, hypotension and azotaemia. The details of
      this presentation are discussed and the need for immediate transplant nephrectomy
      is emphasized.

PMID- 6375067
TI  - Natural history and staging of prostate cancer.
AB  - The natural history and staging of prostatic cancer, directly or indirectly,
      involve natural expectancy of the host, malignant potential of the tumor, extent
      of the tumor, and response of the tumor to treatment. Discussion of these topics
      is followed by a description of the systems of clinical staging of the disease.

PMID- 6375068
TI  - Androgen receptor assays in advanced prostatic cancer.
AB  - Most technical obstacles in performing biochemical androgen receptor assays on
      malignant prostatic tissue have been surmounted. The available data, while
      suggesting that nuclear androgen receptor content in malignant tissues may be a
      useful criterion in this regard, remain meager and contradictory. The authors
      suggest that the clinical nature of prostatic cancer, including the tendency for
      metastases to occur in osseous and deep lymphatic regions and the heterogeneous
      intermingling of benign and malignant elements in the primary tumor, may preclude
      the success of biochemical assays for androgen receptors to predict hormonal
      dependency of prostatic tumors.

PMID- 6375069
TI  - Criteria for evaluating patient responses to treatment modalities for prostatic
      cancer.
AB  - Criteria for evaluating response to therapy for both early and late stages of
      prostate cancer, as developed by the National Prostatic Cancer Project, are
      presented and discussed. Detection of bone metastases and monitoring of changes
      in existing bone lesions are critical to these criteria for early and late
      disease, respectively. The prognosis, or survival experience, of groups of
      patients for each response category is also discussed.

PMID- 6375070
TI  - Needle bladder neck suspension for female stress incontinence.
AB  - A highly successful transvaginal bladder neck suspension for female stress
      urinary incontinence is described and illustrated. Precise lateral placement of
      sutures, maximum mobilization of the anterior vaginal wall and bladder neck, and
      ease of approach are keys to the technique. The procedure can be utilized in any
      setting with minimal complications and with neither obesity nor multiple previous
      surgeries as contraindications.

PMID- 6375071
TI  - Urinary tract candidiasis: an update.

PMID- 6375072
TI  - Transurethral endoscopic removal of cylindrical intravesical body.

PMID- 6375073
TI  - Pelvic double-sphincter control complex. Theory of pelvic organ continence with
      clinical application.
AB  - A double-sphincter mechanism controlling the continence of pelvic organs is
      presented with a role-description of the involved pelvic musculature. The rectum
      and the urinary bladder identically have a detrusor with a neck related to a
      group of muscles which is responsible for its opening and closure. Whereas the
      levator ani and longitudinal muscle function to open the neck, the puborectalis
      and the internal sphincter are continent muscles. The puborectalis, not a part of
      the levator ani, gives origin to "individual" sphincters for each intrahiatal
      organ, and at the same time embraces all of them as their "common" sphincter.
      Thus, each intrahiatal organ is provided with a double voluntary sphincter
      apparatus consisting of "individual" and "common" sphincters. The mechanism of
      common sphincter, selective individual sphincter, and double-sphincter sphincter
      securative action is discussed. The external sphincter (anal and urethral) is an
      individual sphincter; the mechanism of its continent action is described. The
      different types of incontinence are outlined.

PMID- 6375074
TI  - Marcello Mapighi--a tribute.
AB  - Marcello Malpighi was probably the best known member of the faculty at the
      Medical School of Bologna. He was an anatomist, physiologist, botanist , and an
      entomologist . It was not until his appearance that the real value of the
      microscope was appreciated. He studied the embryologic form of the kidney and
      depicted in drawings how it was modified into the adult. He demonstrated the
      capillary anastomosis between the arteries and veins which was implicit in
      William Harvey's writings. He was a physician to Pope Innocent XII. Most
      historians call him one of the most charming personalities in the history of
      medicine.

PMID- 6375075
TI  - Metabolic parameters of Estracyt pertinent to its effects in prostatic cancer.

PMID- 6375076
TI  - Clinical pharmacokinetics of estramustine phosphate.

PMID- 6375077
TI  - Specific binding of estramustine to prostatic proteins.

PMID- 6375078
TI  - Immunologic effects of estramustine phosphate.

PMID- 6375079
TI  - Mode of action of Emcyt.

PMID- 6375080
TI  - Initial clinical studies with estramustine phosphate.

PMID- 6375081
TI  - Use of estramustine phosphate in prostate cancer by the National Prostatic Cancer
      Project and by roswell park memorial institute.

PMID- 6375082
TI  - Preclinical pharmacology and toxicology of estramustine phosphate.

PMID- 6375083
TI  - Estramustine phosphate in prostate cancer. EORTC experience: preliminary results
      of Protocol 30762.

PMID- 6375084
TI  - Estramustine phosphate as primary therapy for metastatic prostate cancer.
      Preliminary results of the University of Wisconsin trial.

PMID- 6375086
TI  - Members of the American Ophthalmological Society.

PMID- 6375085
TI  - Clinical toxicity and long-term results of Emcyt therapy for prostate cancer.

PMID- 6375087
TI  - The ninth Frederick H. Verhoeff lecture. The life history of retinal cells.

PMID- 6375088
TI  - Corneal transplant allograft reaction: possible predisposing factors.
AB  - A series of 869 PKs was reviewed to determine the incidence of allograft
      reactions in the presence or absence of possible predisposing factors. The
      average follow-up time after PK was 46 months. The possible predisposing factors
      studied were mild and severe preoperative vascularization, postoperative
      neovascularization, synechiae, and inflammation. Other factors considered were
      bilateral grafts, repeat grafts, and recipient's age. Although there was a
      significantly higher incidence of allograft reactions in the group with possible
      predisposing factors compared with the group with none of these, a cause-and
      effect relationship could not be established for each possible predisposing
      factor when considered individually. Most of these factors were usually
      encountered in combinations of two or more, creating a large number of small
      variables with less statistical significance in predicting first and second
      reactions. The incidence of second reactions was similar in the presence or
      absence of these factors, approximately 25%. Only postoperative synechiae and
      neovascularization had some significance in eventually leading to permanent graft
      rejection. The incidence of allograft reaction was also similar among patients
      with repeat grafts and bilateral grafts. There was an insignificant tendency for
      the incidence of reactions to decrease in older patients, whether possible
      predisposing factors were present or not. Final visual acuity was comparable
      between the group having allograft reactions and the total group. The allograft
      rejection reaction continues to be the most important cause of graft failure. The
      role of donor-recipient antigen matching was briefly reviewed.

PMID- 6375089
TI  - Morphologic and functional evaluation of the endothelium of transplanted human
      corneas.
AB  - This thesis contains the results of morphologic and functional studies of the
      endothelium of 253 consecutive penetrating corneal transplants. After
      keratoplasty, cells were lost from the central grafts at a rate of over 20% per
      year for approximately 3 years, after which the loss was minimal. Donor corneas
      preserved in organ culture had significantly more cell loss noted 2 months after
      keratoplasty than those preserved in M-K medium. The permeability of the grafted
      endothelium to fluorescein was significantly reduced in many cases; transplants
      with larger cells were less permeable. Transplanted corneas from older donors had
      more central endothelial cell loss and thicker corneas 2 months after
      keratoplasty than did those from younger donors. The central corneal thickness
      was less in phakic transplants than in aphakic grafts for 1 year after
      keratoplasty. After episodes of endothelial rejection had cleared, the affected
      grafts had lower cell densities and thicker corneas. To explain the results of
      studies of postoperative cell loss and endothelial permeability, two hypotheses
      were proposed: First, most endothelial cell damage occurs at the time of
      keratoplasty, with more cells lost from the peripheral graft and recipient cornea
      near the wound than from the central graft. Cells are "lost" from the central
      graft as they gradually move toward peripheral areas with larger cells; this slow
      process of cellular realignment, during which endothelial function is essentially
      normal, lasts for approximately 3 years. Second, as the cells in the central
      graft enlarge, the permeability of the central endothelium to fluorescein tends
      to decrease in proportion to the decrease in intercellular space adjacent to the
      anterior chamber.

PMID- 6375091
TI  - Late numerical grading of alkali burns to determine keratoplasty prognosis.

PMID- 6375090
TI  - Endogenous ocular nocardiosis: a clinical and experimental study.

PMID- 6375092
TI  - [Etiology and pathogenesis of Meniere's disease].

PMID- 6375093
TI  - [Blind suture for paronychia in children].
AB  - From 1966 the author has been using the method of early surgical treatment of
      complicated forms of panaritium in order to remove the pyo-necrotic substrate and
      place primary sutures on the wound. The age of ninety children was from 1 year 8
      month to 15. The primary suture provides better anatomical and functional results
      of treatment of panaritium in children and shortens the time of treatment.

PMID- 6375094
TI  - [Abscess of the spleen].

PMID- 6375095
TI  - [Non-clostridial anaerobic infection in diseases of the liver and biliary tract
      (review of the Soviet and foreign literature)].

PMID- 6375096
TI  - [Vagotomy in bleeding ulcer of the duodenum].
AB  - The authors have analyzed immediate and late results of the surgical treatment of
      162 patients. Organ-preserving operations are thought to be inferior to
      parcimonious resections of the stomach with vagotomy in reliability of arrest of
      bleeding and prevention of recurrences. Sphincter-destroying operations are
      believed to be expedient if the ulcer can be technically dissected both at the
      height of bleeding and in the intermediate (cold) period. Suturing of the ulcer
      is possible in patients with high operative risk.

PMID- 6375097
TI  - [Surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis in diabetics].
AB  - The course of the disease analyzed in 104 patients has shown the correlation
      between severity of acute cholecystitis and the degree of diabetes mellitus, i.
      e. the "syndrome of mutual aggravation". The active- temporizing tactics is
      recommended. The data obtained show the timely operation with a radical removal
      of the inflammation focus in combination with an adequate correction of
      carbohydrate metabolism by high doses of insulin to be a successful method of
      treatment of acute cholecystitis in patients with diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6375098
TI  - [50 years of experience with lung cancer surgery].

PMID- 6375099
TI  - Thyroglobulin and calcitonin immunoreactivity in canine thyroid carcinomas.
AB  - Although thyroid gland neoplasms are well-recognized entities in dogs, the
      diagnosis and classification of these tumors often is difficult. In contrast to
      human thyroid carcinomas, which are predominantly of the papillary or follicular
      types, a relatively high proportion of the canine tumors contain compact cellular
      areas and resemble, to some extent, medullary thyroid carcinomas. In order to
      assess the value of immunohistochemical techniques in the identification and
      classification of these neoplasms, 21 canine thyroid carcinomas were examined for
      the presence of thyroglobulin and calcitonin using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase
      technique. Four major patterns of thyroglobulin immunoreactivity were present in
      the tumors, including diffuse cytoplasmic positive reaction, apical staining in
      the cells bordering the neoplastic follicular lumens, intracytoplasmic droplet
      staining, and staining of intrafollicular colloid. All follicular and mixed
      compact cellular/follicular tumors contained immunoreactive hormone, while only
      four of six compact cellular carcinomas were thyroglobulin-positive. The extent
      of thyroglobulin reactivity was consistently greater in tumors of the follicular
      and mixed patterns than in carcinomas of the purely compact cellular type. Two of
      four metastases, each of which retained the mixed pattern of the primary tumors,
      were thyroglobulin-positive. No medullary thyroid carcinomas were identified, but
      scattered calcitonin-positive cells in one mixed and in one compact cellular
      tumor were interpreted as entrapped nonneoplastic C cells. Immunohistochemical
      localization of thyroglobulin should facilitate the diagnosis of canine tumors of
      suspected thyroid follicular cell origin, particularly those arising in ectopic
      sites (i.e., heart base) and those presenting as metastases.

PMID- 6375100
TI  - Antitubular basement membrane autoantibody in a dog with chronic
      tubulointerstitial nephritis.
AB  - Linear deposition of immunoglobulin G was seen by direct immunofluorescence along
      the tubular basement membranes in the kidney of a dog with chronic
      tubulointerstitial nephritis. Autoantibody eluted from the affected kidney bound
      to the tubular basement membrane of normal canine kidney, but not to several
      other normal canine basement membranes. The pathogenic significance of the
      autoantibody in this dog was not determined.

PMID- 6375101
TI  - Use of a conductivity meter for the detection of subclinical mastitis.
AB  - The conductivity of milk from 164 cows in four herds was measured. There were
      significant differences between the normal and the mastitic quarters in each of
      the four herds. However, there was a marked difference in conductivity levels
      between the herds, the mean conductivity of the normal quarters in one herd being
      higher than that of the mastitic quarters in another herd. In a trial using a
      hand-held mastitis detector on 123 cows from three herds, 91 per cent of the 106
      mastitic quarters were detected. However, 33 per cent of the 315 normal quarters
      also gave a positive reading.

PMID- 6375102
TI  - A new skin disease in broilers?

PMID- 6375103
TI  - Microflora and somatic cell content of goat milk.
AB  - The results of tests to determine the microflora and somatic cell content of 483
      milk samples from 250 dairy goats in the North of Scotland are presented. Milk
      from uninfected udders had extremely low levels of bacterial contamination, 80
      per cent of such samples having less than 100 bacteria/ml. One quarter of all
      samples were infected, the organisms isolated being coagulase negative
      staphylococci (83.5 per cent), coagulase positive staphylococci (12.4 per cent)
      streptococci (3.3 per cent) and Escherichia coli (0.8 per cent). Streptococcus
      agalactiae was not detected. Somatic cell count levels were higher than those
      usually found in cows' milk: 33 per cent more than 2,000,000/ml; 22 per cent
      between 1,000,000 and 2,000,000/ml; 25 per cent between 500,000 and 1,000,000/ml;
      22 per cent less than 500,000/ml. The levels of cell counts were similar for
      uninfected halves and halves infected with coagulase negative staphylococci.
      Halves infected with coagulase positive staphylococci had much higher cell
      counts, eg, 73 per cent in excess of 2,000,000/ml. The interpretation of tests
      based on somatic cell content as indicators of mastitis in goats is discussed.

PMID- 6375104
TI  - Abnormal heterophils in a king shag with aspergillosis.

PMID- 6375105
TI  - Tiamulin feed premix in the improvement of growth performance of pigs in herds
      severely affected with enzootic pneumonia.
AB  - Four field trials were carried out to evaluate the effect of feeding tiamulin
      hydrogen fumarate at 20 and 30 ppm to fattening pigs over an eight week period,
      on farms with histories of severe, complicated, enzootic pneumonia problems.
      These farms had a prevalence of pigs with pneumonic lesions from 81 to 94 per
      cent and a range between individual batches of 69 to 96 per cent. The results of
      the first three trials showed that tiamulin at 30 ppm significantly improved the
      weight gains and feed conversion efficiency of pigs, in comparison with controls
      and was superior to the groups fed 20 ppm tiamulin. A further trial with tiamulin
      at 30 ppm and controls only, confirmed the original findings. The overall average
      results showed that tiamulin improved average daily gain by 33 g (4.7 per cent)
      and feed conversion efficiency by 0.138 (4.7 per cent). This effect did not
      appear to result from a reduction in the total extent of pneumonic lesions and
      the possible reasons for this are discussed, but in the fourth trial the number
      of pigs requiring parenteral treatment was noticeably reduced.

PMID- 6375106
TI  - Infectious (septic) arthritis of the distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joint
      in cattle.
AB  - The results of treatment of infectious (septic) bone spavin in cattle admitted to
      the department of large animal surgery, Utrecht University, between 1961 and 1982
      are reviewed. Treatment comprised either antibiotic administration, radiation or
      surgery, of which the latter two methods appeared to produce better results.
      However, radiation of the affected area was both time consuming and expensive.
      Therefore, surgical treatment is advocated.

PMID- 6375107
TI  - Field studies with in-feed medication of pigs in the Netherlands using the
      anthelmintic thiophanate with particular reference to efficacy against Ascaris
      suum.
AB  - Studies on the efficacy in pigs of low level in-feed medication with the
      anthelmintic thiophanate at a minimum intake of 6 mg/kg/day for fourteen days are
      reported. A trial was conducted to compare a group of medicated fattening pigs
      with a similar unmedicated group on premises known to have a high challenge of
      Ascaris spp. Daily growth rate was improved whilst feed conversion ratio and the
      liver condemnation rate were reduced in the treatment group. Routine medication
      of a whole herd using this regime contributed to a great improvement of the herd
      production when assessed by the above criteria. User studies in various
      geographical areas of the Netherlands involving 1500 adult pigs and 1200
      fattening pigs medicated with thiophanate in-feed for fourteen days demonstrated
      that the compound eliminated the faecal worm egg output and was readily accepted
      and tolerated by pigs.

PMID- 6375109
TI  - American Board of Toxicology, Inc. 1984 Directory of diplomates.

PMID- 6375108
TI  - A review of acetaminophen's effect on methemoglobin, glutathione, and some
      related enzymes.

PMID- 6375110
TI  - FDA poison control notes. Citations from the recent literature.

PMID- 6375111
TI  - American Association of Poison Control Centers 1984 membership directory.

PMID- 6375112
TI  - The neutralizing peroxidase-linked assay for detection of antibody against swine
      fever virus.
AB  - The neutralizing peroxidase-linked antibody ( NPLA ) assay was standardized and
      compared with the micro-plaque reduction test (PRT) on series of sera from pigs
      infected with different strains of swine fever virus (SFV) and bovine virus
      diarrhoea virus (BVDV), swine fever reference sera and field sera. The NPLA
      system was found to be as sensitive as the PRT, it detected SFV antibody in 17
      out of 18 pigs 3 weeks after intranasal exposure and differentiated between
      antibody against SFV and BVDV. With varying concentrations of SFV parallel lines
      of neutralization with a slope of about 120 degrees were obtained with sera of
      different origin. The regression coefficient of approximately -1.74 implies that
      a 10-fold increase in the virus dose will result in an approximate 3.8-fold
      decrease in the serum titre. The NPLA assay has a high capacity and has been
      found to be a great asset in large scale surveys for detection of neutralizing
      antibody against SFV.

PMID- 6375113
TI  - [Immunogenesis of 2 live vaccines against swine colibacillosis].
AB  - Comparative testing was carried out on a farm with 2 live vaccines against coli
      bacteriosis . Studied were blood and milk sera taken from test and control pigs
      and blood sera from pigs born by them. Both the test and control groups were
      clinically followed up with recording the morbidity and mortality indices. It was
      found that the titer of the K88 antibodies rose after vaccination with the two
      vaccines and retained its level up to the 30th day after farrowing. The titer of
      the O antibodies remained unchanged or rose negligibly after vaccination. The
      pigs of the vaccinated sows had higher titers of the K88 antibodies as against
      those of the untreated sows. Sows treated with live vaccines against coli
      bacteriosis transmitted antibodies through the colostrum and milk to the pigs
      born by them. The passive immunity acquired led to the prolongation of the
      incubation period of the disease and to lowering both the morbidity and the
      mortality of pigs.

PMID- 6375114
TI  - [60th anniversary of the Higher Veterinary Medicine Institute].

PMID- 6375115
TI  - [In vitro action of zinc bacitracin to eliminate drug resistance in Escherichia
      coli transconjugates].
AB  - Investigations in vitro were carried out to overcome the drug resistance of
      transconjugants of Escherichia coli with resistance to neomycin, kanamycin,
      chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. Use was made of zinkbacitracin Pharmachim . It
      was found that in conc. of 32 gammas /cm3 zinkbacitracin the elimination of
      resistance, on an average, to neomycin is 34.9%, to kanamycin - 27.1%, to
      chloramphenicol - 42.4%, and to tetracycline - 24.9%. With the transconjugants
      treated with a higher concentration of 64 gammas /cm3 the figures were 42.8%,
      34.5%, 46.2%, and 32.4%, respectively. The conclusion is made that zinkbacitracin
      Pharmachim is effective in eliminating the resistance of E. coli to the
      antibiotics in the experiment. The higher the concentration used the higher the
      percent of resistance climination .

PMID- 6375116
TI  - [Properties of E. coli isolated from pigs].
AB  - A total of 127 strains of Escherichia coli were isolated from the small
      intestine, mesenterial lymph nodes, and parenchymal organs from dead pigs or pigs
      that were killed for diagnostic purpose as well as from rectal swab samples taken
      from diseased or clinically normal animals. All were studied with regard to
      haemolytic properties via biochemical and serologic methods along for sensitivity
      to antibiotics. It was found that the isolated strains manifested characteristic
      biochemical behaviour (79 of them proved haemolytic, and 48 were nonhaemolytic ).
      About 30 per cent of all strains contained the K88 antigen. This antigen was
      encountered more frequently in the strains that were isolated on small pig farms
      as well in those that were isolated from dead animals. In the period of studies
      on the farms prevailed strains that belonged to serologic groups O45 and O138 .
      In recent years the resistance of the E. coli strains as regards antibiotics has
      grown considerably. The percent of resistant strains has been higher on the
      industrial swine-breeding complexes as compared to the smaller farms.

PMID- 6375117
TI  - [Streptococci and staphylococci in raw cow's milk on the market].
AB  - Studied were a total of 649 batches of raw cow milk produced on 42 farms, and
      1100 flushing samples taken from 370 containers for the presence of pathogenic
      streptococci and staphylococci. It was found that 26.5 per cent, resp., 18.03 per
      cent of the batches contained coagulase-positive staphylococci and pathogenic
      streptococci (in 8.94 per cent--Str. agalactiae, in 6.0 per cent--Str. uberis,
      and in 3.08 per cent--Str. dysgalactiae ). In 28.3 per cent of the batches there
      were both strepto - and staphylococci that had pathogenic character. The study of
      the flushing material showed that the cleaning of containers for shipping the
      milk from the farms to the dairy processing enterprises was effective--only 1.62
      per cent of the cisterns were contaminated with pathogenic strepto - and
      staphylococci.

PMID- 6375118
TI  - [Effect of herbazin 50 on the course of suppurative surgical infection in sheep].
AB  - Twelve sheep, divided into two groups of 6 animals each, were used. The first
      (test) group was offered herbazin -50 with the feed in the course of 90 days
      after which the animals were infected via the joints with Corynebacterium
      pyogenes. The second (control) group was also infected with the same pathogen in
      the same way. During the time the preparation was given and 30 days post
      infection the animals were kept under observation, following up their clinical,
      condition, and the occasional morphological and biochemical changes taking place
      in the blood and the immunobiologic responsiveness. It was found that sheep
      treated with herbazin -50 with a following infection with Corynebacterium
      pyogenes raised their blood levels of sugar, total protein, potassium, sodium,
      magnesium, SGOT, SGPT, and manifested an increased ESR, and lower calcium,
      inorganic phosphorus, carotene, vitamin A, and cholesterine serum level. It was
      also established that surgical infections brought about through such introduction
      of C. pyogenes developed much more rapidly and ran a much more severe course in
      sheep after the preliminary treatment with herbazin -50. It is believed that they
      emerged after suppressing the immunologic responsiveness with the use of the
      preparation.

PMID- 6375120
TI  - Formation of phage T1 concatemers by the RecE recombination pathway of
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Infections of nonpermissive ( sup0 ) Escherichia coli by T1 phage with amber
      mutations in either gene 3.5 or gene 4 exhibit a variety of defective phenotypes,
      including premature arrest of T1 DNA synthesis, failure to make concatemeric DNA,
      formation of an abnormal DNA replication intermediate, failure to package phage
      DNA, and reduced genetic recombination. The lethal effect of gene 3.5 or 4
      mutations is suppressed when the sup0 bacteria express the RecE recombination
      pathway. This RecE suppression occurs by partial restoration of the capacity to
      make concatemeric molecules and partial reversal of the DNA arrest defect which,
      in turn, leads to the formation of viable progeny. Infection by T1+ or by mutants
      defective in any of the four DNA synthesis genes (genes 1, 2, 3.5, and 4)
      inhibited the ATP-dependent exonuclease present in uninfected cells (presumably
      the RecBC enzyme, exonuclease V). Extracts from T1+ infections also showed
      increased levels of an ATP-independent exonuclease activity which was absent from
      gene 4 mutant extracts. It is concluded that gene 4, together with gene 3.5,
      specifies an activity related to that of the RecE exonuclease VIII and essential
      for T1 concatemer formation and recombination.

PMID- 6375121
TI  - [Long-term follow-up of blood pressure after transplantation of the kidney].

PMID- 6375119
TI  - Early proteins are required for the formation of frog virus 3 assembly sites.
AB  - The formation of frog virus 3 virions takes place within morphologically distinct
      regions of the cytoplasm termed assembly sites. These sites are formed within
      infected BHK cells by 6-7 hr after infection, a time when viral DNA and both
      early and late proteins are present. To identify macromolecules involved in
      assembly site formation, a temperature-sensitive mutant ( ts9467 ) was used which
      is not only defective in the synthesis of late RNA and proteins (D.B. Willis, R.
      Goorha , and A. Granoff , 1979, Virology 98, 328-335), but, as reported here,
      also does not form assembly sites at nonpermissive temperatures. When ts9467 
      infected cells were shifted from the nonpermissive to permissive temperature,
      assembly sites were observed within 1 hr even when late protein synthesis was
      inhibited by cycloheximide. Monoclonal antibodies specific for early and late
      viral proteins were used to show that assembly sites formed under these
      conditions contained at least one early protein, but lacked four representative
      late proteins. These results indicate that assembly site formation involves
      interaction between one or more early proteins and viral DNA, and that late
      proteins do not play a role in this process.

PMID- 6375122
TI  - [Current problems in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].

PMID- 6375123
TI  - [Development of Czechoslovak diabetology during the past 60 years].

PMID- 6375124
TI  - [Wyas of improving the effectiveness of surgical treatment of gunshot wounds].

PMID- 6375125
TI  - [Protective coating of metal dental prostheses with titanium nitride].

PMID- 6375126
TI  - [Clinico-epidemiologic features of pulmonary tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium
      bovis].

PMID- 6375127
TI  - [A journal for the wounded and sick of the Red Army].

PMID- 6375128
TI  - [Compression anastomoses in the surgery of transverse colon cancer].
AB  - The design and operation of the newly-developed AKA-2 intestine suture appliance
      for forming circular compression enterostomy are discussed. The advantages
      offered by application of the device over those of a clip appliance are
      considered. The results of its application in 86 operations on the transverse
      colon are presented. The procedure failed in 46% of cases, postoperative
      lethality rate was 2.3%. The said procedure should be recommended for a wider
      integration with clinical practice.

PMID- 6375129
TI  - [Statistics and various aspects of the epidemiology of lymphatic and hematologic
      neoplasms].

PMID- 6375130
TI  - [Treatment of the radiation injuries occurring in the radiotherapy of malignant
      tumors].

PMID- 6375131
TI  - [Work capacity of patients having undergone radical therapy of breast cancer].

PMID- 6375132
TI  - Platelet freezing for serological purposes with and without a cryopreservative.
AB  - We compared the reactivity of fresh platelets with platelets frozen in
      dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or without a cryopreservative by testing agglutinating
      and non-agglutinating platelet-specific alloantibodies in titration. Frozen
      platelets, irrespective of the method of preservation, showed no loss of
      antigenicity as compared with fresh platelets. The yield of platelets frozen
      without a cryopreservative proved to be higher (80%) than platelets frozen in the
      presence of DMSO (50%). Platelets sensitized with autoantibodies from patients
      with autoimmune thrombocytopenia could also be stored by simple freezing in
      platelet-rich plasma and used for (re)testing.

PMID- 6375133
TI  - Stabilization of serum albumin to heat, and inactivation of the hepatitis virus.

PMID- 6375134
TI  - [Chromosomal changes in vaccination].

PMID- 6375135
TI  - [Viruses as a cause of secondary immunodeficiencies in animals].

PMID- 6375136
TI  - [HBe antigen and its antibodies in acute and chronic hepatitis B].
AB  - In the time course of the infectious process, 239 patients with acute hepatitis
      B, 220 patients with chronic hepatic diseases with HBs-antigenemia and carriers
      of HBs-Ag were tested for the presence of HBe-Ag were tested for the presence of
      HBe-Ag and antibody to it using double immunodiffusion test (DID) and
      radioimmunoassay (RIA) or enzyme-labeled immunosorbent assay (ELISA). At high HBs
      Ag concentrations determined by DID the HBe antigen was found significantly more
      frequently than at low concentrations detectable by the sensitive tests only,
      whereas antibodies to HBe were detected more frequently at low concentrations of
      HBs-Ag. In patients with acute hepatitis B examined in the first week after the
      onset HBe-antigen was found in 85.8% cases (38.9% by DID and 46.9% by RIA or
      ELISA alone). The HBe-antigen could be detected for over 2 months after the onset
      in 3.6% of the patients in whom the pathological process was becoming chronic. A
      correlation between the e-system detection and the clinical course of the disease
      was established: in severe forms, e-antigen concentrations detectable by DID were
      observed significantly more frequently than in mild (16.7%) or moderately severe
      (29.2%) forms, and at the same time e-antibody was found more frequently (28.6%
      against 12.5 and 10.4%, respectively) early in the acute period. The early
      appearance of HBe-antibody in fulminant course of acute hepatitis B was typical
      mainly in babies of the first 6 months of age (75%) and in the majority of the
      cases was indicative of immediate unfavourable prognosis.

PMID- 6375137
TI  - [Correlation between immunoglobulin-secreting cells and secretory immunoglobulins
      in the small intestine in chronic intestinal diseases].
AB  - A total of 45 patients were studied: seven with gluten enteropathy and 38 with
      chronic unspecific enteritis. Histological and immunefluorescent studies were
      performed and to a part of the cases--enzymatic and electron-microscopic
      investigations of the jejunal mucosa. An increased number of immuneglobulin 
      secreting cells was established in the non-treated patients with gluten
      enteropathy, growing with age. In the cases with chronic unspecific enteritis
      with a manifested clinic, a tendency to decrease of the number of IgSC was
      observed, with growing percentage of IgG-SC and the values of the secretory IgG.
      There was no correlation between the intraepithelially located lymphocytes and
      those in the chorion, as well as between the duration of the disease, number and
      percentage distribution of Ig-SC.

PMID- 6375138
TI  - [Differential and calibrated apex cardiography].

PMID- 6375140
TI  - University of Washington School of Medicine.

PMID- 6375141
TI  - [Ebrantil Byk in the treatment of hypertensive crises].

PMID- 6375142
TI  - [Antibiotics in neurology].

PMID- 6375143
TI  - [A rare case of megaesophagus in a 14-year-old girl].

PMID- 6375139
TI  - Intestinal and liver toxicity of antineoplastic drugs.
AB  - This discussion was selected from the weekly Grand Rounds in the Department of
      Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle. Taken from a transcription, it has
      been edited by Drs Paul G. Ramsey, Assistant Professor of Medicine, and Philip J.
      Fialkow, Professor and Chairman of the Department of Medicine.

PMID- 6375144
TI  - [The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technic in syphilis serology (report on
      experiences)].
AB  - A serological study with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the axial
      filament of Treponema phagedenis biotype Reiter as antigen was performed on 1899
      sera to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity. The sensitivity as compared
      with the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test (FTA-ABS) and the
      automated microhaemagglutination assay with Treponema pallidum antigen ( AMHA 
      TP) was 94.6% and 93.1%, respectively. The specificity was 98.5% compared to both
      assays. Furthermore, preliminary results for the determination of IgM antibodies
      with the same antigen are presented. All procedures including dispensing,
      washing, optical reading and evaluation of results were performed automatically
      using a newly-developed ELISA processor connected with an electronic surveillance
      and control device.

PMID- 6375145
TI  - [The problem of scars in heart surgery with special reference to the use of
      static magnetic fields].
AB  - An attempt is made to survey the pathophysiology of wound healing, as well as the
      aetiological factors involved and the possibilities of therapeutic intervention
      to prevent the formation of hypertrophic scars and keloid after cardiac
      operations. Several prophylactic measures are discussed, with special reference
      to the use of static magnetic fields. Their application to scars after cardiac
      operations was carried out by energy pak foils. Patients treated with these foils
      showed slightly improved results as compared with a control group. The results,
      however, were not statistically significant.

PMID- 6375146
TI  - Fetal pancreas as a donor organ.

PMID- 6375147
TI  - Islet immuno-isolation: the use of hybrid artificial organs to prevent islet
      tissue rejection.

PMID- 6375148
TI  - Minnesota experience with 85 pancreas transplants between 1978 and 1983.

PMID- 6375149
TI  - Experience in human segmental pancreas transplantation.

PMID- 6375150
TI  - Segmental pancreatic transplantation with enteric exocrine diversion.

PMID- 6375152
TI  - Simultaneous renal and intraperitoneal segmental pancreatic transplantation: the
      Zurich experience.

PMID- 6375151
TI  - Transplantation for the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes: clinical
      experience with polymer-obstructed pancreatic grafts using neoprene.

PMID- 6375153
TI  - Problems of nutrition and food policy.

PMID- 6375154
TI  - Vitamin A: technology and applications.

PMID- 6375156
TI  - Taste at weaning: strategies facilitating appropriate food selection by non
      primate mammals.

PMID- 6375155
TI  - Sweeteners in our society.

PMID- 6375157
TI  - A conspectus of research on nutritional status in Hawaii and western Samoa--1960
      1980 with references to diseases in which diet has been implicated.

PMID- 6375158
TI  - Nutritional characteristics and suggestions for improvement of a typical peri
      urban agricultural migrant worker's diet in southern Brazil.

PMID- 6375159
TI  - Dietary essential fatty acids and in vivo prostaglandin production in mammals.

PMID- 6375160
TI  - Dynamic factors in models of energy utilization with particular reference to
      maintenance requirement of cattle.

PMID- 6375161
TI  - Rationing and economic constraints on food consumption in Britain since the
      Second World War.

PMID- 6375162
TI  - Metabolic effects of high sucrose or fructose intake.

PMID- 6375163
TI  - Disorders of urine volume in the critically ill child.
AB  - This article will provide a pathophysiologic basis for the assessment of
      critically ill children who have developed disorders of urine volume. The
      anatomical and pathophysiologic causes of oliguria and polyuria are considered.
      The physiologic basis for the use of urinary sodium and osmolarity as a guide to
      the assessment of patients with disorders of urine volume are discussed in
      detail. In addition, guidelines for the management of children with acute renal
      failure, with particular emphasis on the consideration for nutritional support of
      these patients, is discussed as a part of the comprehensive approach to this
      problem. This article emphasizes an understanding of the pathophysiology of salt
      and water excretion by the kidney as a foundation to the diagnosis and management
      of patients with oliguria and polyuria.

PMID- 6375164
TI  - Radiologic assessment in the pediatric intensive care unit.
AB  - The severely ill infant or child who requires admission to a pediatric intensive
      care unit (PICU) often presents with a complex set of problems necessitating
      multiple and frequent management decisions. Diagnostic imaging plays an important
      role, not only in the initial assessment of the patient's condition and
      establishing a diagnosis, but also in monitoring the patient's progress and the
      effects of interventional therapeutic measures. Bedside studies obtained using
      portable equipment are often limited but can provide much useful information when
      a careful and detailed approach is utilized in producing the radiograph and
      interpreting the examination. This article reviews some of the basic principles
      of radiographic interpretation and details some of the diagnostic points which,
      when promptly recognized, can lead to a better understanding of the patient's
      condition and thus to improved patient care and management. While chest
      radiography is stressed, studies of other regions including the upper airway,
      abdomen, skull, and extremities are discussed. A brief consideration of the
      expanding role of new modality imaging (i.e., ultrasound, CT) is also included.
      Multiple illustrative examples of common and uncommon problems are shown.

PMID- 6375165
TI  - Management of the pediatric patient after cardiac surgery.
AB  - The medical management of the child with congenital cardiac disease prior to and
      following cardiac surgery has made a substantial contribution to the improved
      morbidity and mortality attributed to surgical advances. This paper provides a
      framework for understanding the problems that arise in the perioperative period
      and a systematic approach, by organ system, to monitoring and management of these
      problems. The discussion is intended to be of general application, focusing on
      initial stabilization following surgery and the cardiorespiratory, renal,
      metabolic, hematologic, and neurologic alterations that result from surgery with
      cardiopulmonary bypass. An approach for the management of the low output state is
      also provided. Little attempt has been made to focus on problems unique to a
      specific type of cardiac disease or certain operative approaches. Rather, it is
      the contention that an understanding of general principles and an appreciation of
      the common problems will provide adequate preparation for those responsible for
      the care of the child.

PMID- 6375168
TI  - [Ovarian carcinoma from the current viewpoint].

PMID- 6375166
TI  - Management of acute neurologic syndromes in infants and children.
AB  - Neurological problems in the pediatric intensive care unit all too frequently
      seem to be among the most mysterious of disorders. This review provides a
      framework to diagnose and treat four frequently observed neurological syndromes:
      coma, status epilepticus, central nervous system infections, and post-infectious
      polyneuropathy (Guillain-Barre syndrome). An emphasis is placed on the diagnosis
      of coma due to metabolic disorders, the most common cause of coma, and coma as a
      result of supratentorial lesions. This differentiation can be effected by an
      easily performed assessment (Glasgow Scale) supplemented by a limited number of
      tests of brain stem function (pupillary responses, oculocephalic, and
      oculovestibular responses). Preserved pupillary responses are characteristic of
      the metabolic coma while an orderly rostral-caudal deterioration, termed the
      central syndrome, is characteristic of coma resulting from an enlarging
      supratentorial mass. If confusion exists, the CT scan may be helpful. The
      approach to emergency management emphasizes the establishment and maintenance of
      airway and circulation. Management of status epilepticus emphasizes the role of
      pharmacotherapy, particularly the use of diazepam and phenytoin in combination.
      The management of infections details antibiotic therapy of bacterial infections
      and new antiviral therapy for herpesvirus infections. The section on Guillain
      Barre syndrome emphasizes good supportive care.

PMID- 6375167
TI  - Psychiatric aspects of a pediatric intensive care unit.
AB  - Although there is a growing body of literature about the medical problems which
      arise in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), rather little has been written
      about psychiatric issues characteristic of the critical care setting for
      children. This article will describe the PICU as a community made up of several
      sub-groups, the various psychosocial stresses, the reactions to stresses, and the
      interventions appropriate for the PICU and each of its sub-groups.

PMID- 6375169
TI  - [Diagnostic accuracy of immediate histological sections].

PMID- 6375170
TI  - [Causes and prevention of cancer--current tasks and problems from a hygienic
      viewpoint].

PMID- 6375171
TI  - [Basic approach to the production of potential vaccine strains of Salmonella,
      Shigella and Pasteurella, capable of reproduction, using suitable genetic
      markers].

PMID- 6375172
TI  - [Demonstration of IgM rubella antibodies by the combined use of solid phase
      immunosorbent and hemagglutination inhibition technics].

PMID- 6375173
TI  - [Elucidation of the mutagenic activity of water samples of various sources].

PMID- 6375174
TI  - [Origin and significance of a thermostable granulocyte antigen].
AB  - In 1972 the thermostabile antigen of granulocytes was for the first time isolated
      by Thoss and Abendroth from punctates of the joint of patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis. Its origin from mature neutrophil granulocytes was ascertained by
      fluorescence-microscopic investigations. In the present paper the existence of
      thermostabile antigen of granulocytes in neutrophil granulocytes could be
      confirmed. The fluorescence pattern of neutrophil granulocytes of healthy persons
      did not show any differences in comparison to patients with inflammatory or
      myeloproliferative diseases as well as granulocytes from punctates of the joint
      or sternal marrow. With the help of punctates of the lymph-nodes the presence of
      thermostabile antigens of granulocytes in cells of the lymphatic system could be
      excluded. In smears of the sternal marrow positive fluorescence could be proved
      in the myelopoesis in neutrophil metamyelocytes. Quantitative investigations in
      inflammatory and myeloproliferative diseases as well as in granulocytopenias
      showed that the TSGA -serum values of the numbers of granulocytes go parallel. In
      punctates of the joint of patients with rheumatoid arthritis we found
      concentrations of thermostabile antigens of granulocytes which up to 50-fold were
      above the normal values of the serum. There was a close correlation to the number
      of granulocytes in the synovial fluid and to the cytological local activity. The
      TSGA -level can be regarded as indicator of granulocytic activation.

PMID- 6375175
TI  - [Recent advances in the molecular mechanism of action of bacterial toxins, in
      particular of diphtheria, cholera, coli, botulinum and shigella toxins as well as
      tetanospasmin and the toxins of staphylococcus aureus].
AB  - Great progress was achieved in the clarification of the molecular structure and
      the mechanism of action of the toxins of pathogenic forms of bacteria.
      Proportions of toxins of Corynebacterium diphtheriae and of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa transfer from the NAD and ADP-ribose protein to an amino acid of the
      elongation factor 2. Thus the protein synthesis is much inhibited. The cholera
      toxin and the L-toxin from Escherichia coli have a similar structure. They
      transfer an ADP-ribose portion from NAD to the GTP-protein of the adenylate
      cyclase complex, by which means the GTPase activity is reduced. The increase of
      the cAMP content leads to an increase of the permeability of the cells of the
      intestinal epithelium. The tetanospasmin decreases the production of the
      inhibitingly acting neurotransmitters ( glycin ) from intermediate neurons and
      thus evokes spasms. The botulinum toxin inhibits the release of acetylcholine
      from the motor end-plates and leads to paralyses. Staphylococcus aureus and
      Clostridium perfringens form among others cytolysins which are injurious to
      membranes.

PMID- 6375176
TI  - [275 years of Halle's drug exporting establishment].
AB  - The forwarding of medicaments in Halle stands in the first place in the early
      history of the pharmaceutic industry. The enterprise established in the years
      1708/1709 worked according to economic points of view seeming modern and occupied
      temporarily a central position in the export business of drugs. It reached its
      culmination point in the second half of the 18th century. In the 19th century the
      export business was fused with the still nowadays existing Waisenhaus druggist 's
      shop in Halle.

PMID- 6375177
TI  - [In memory of Oskar Wandel].
AB  - The 50th anniversary of Oskar Wandel 's death gives rise to the recognition that
      the county hospital St. George can look back on a venerable tradition, the
      continuation of which is a high obligation for those who are working in this
      institution at present.

PMID- 6375179
TI  - Development of dialysis and transplant activity in the world during the seventies
      of the 20th century.
AB  - Statistical surveys of dialysis and transplantation activities, conducted every
      year since 1965, and in greater detail since 1971, by the European Dialysis and
      Transplant Association and, according to its example, also by certain
      institutions in other countries, are very valuable and serve as a basis for a
      further development of these activities and for their management in the different
      countries. Also the firms manufacturing dialysis equipment make use of this
      information for the planning of their production. The dialysis and transplant
      therapy in the national range in the rich industrial countries was on the
      increase at the turn of sixties and seventies. This expansion was enabled by the
      sophisticated dialysis technique, produced in the factories and by the fact that
      the governments were taking on all expenses of the therapy. The development of
      dialysis and transplant activity in the European socialist countries was slower
      than in the western rich industrial states. It was due to the lack of currency
      for the import of dialysis technique. As the dialysis technique has been produced
      in some of these countries from the beginning of the eighties, one can expect the
      same expansion of the dialysis and transplant therapy in this decade as it was in
      the western countries ten years ago. The dialysis and transplant programme in the
      developing countries is negligible because their gross national product per
      capita is too low. Success of the dialysis therapy depends on the quality of the
      dialysis technique. It is hardly understandable why less expensive modes of
      therapy such as home dialysis and transplantation are less frequently used than
      centre dialysis in the majority of countries.

PMID- 6375178
TI  - [Radiological study of the liver and its diseases by plain x-ray film and
      angiography].

PMID- 6375180
TI  - [A model of chronic percutaneous blood sampling during subcutaneous transposition
      of the renal vein in heterotopic kidney transplants in the dog].
AB  - The operative techniques of subcutaneous transposition of the renal vein in the
      heterotopic canine kidney transplant model and of the carotid artery are
      described in detail. Following this procedure a chronic percutaneous access of
      the renal vein and carotid artery for investigations of the kidney transplant
      metabolism and blood pressure measurement respectively is possible.

PMID- 6375181
TI  - [Current concepts in the pathogenesis of gestosis with special reference to
      magnesium deficiency].
AB  - Particular investigations and hints from the literature led to suggest that
      Magnesium deficiency in pregnancy plays a role in the development of pregnancy
      induced hypertension as well as gestosis or pre-eclampsia. The integration of the
      already known facts about the physiopathology of Magnesium deficiency to those of
      the pathogenesis of gestosis led to the concept of a gestosis model which is
      based on Magnesium deficiency. In this way Magnesium deficiency represents the
      cause of (essential) gestosis. Further investigations should be done in this
      direction.

PMID- 6375182
TI  - [Prenatal diagnosis and therapy of hydro-/chylothorax with fetal hydrops].
AB  - The prenatal diagnosis of a massive bilateral hydro-/chylothorax at 34 weeks of
      gestation is presented. It was associated with a marked hydrops which probably
      had resulted from protein depletion into the pleural cavity and/or elevation of
      intrathoracic pressure with subsequent obstruction of venous return. So the hydro
      /chylothorax is to be considered a further cause of the congenital hydrops
      universalis. After induction of lung maturation with dexamethasone the infant was
      delivered by a primary cesarean section at 36 weeks of pregnancy. The immediately
      following intensive care guaranteed the circulatory function and ventilation. The
      pleural effusions were managed successfully by careful continuous intrapleural
      drainage and intravenous protein substitution. Last not least, the survival of
      the infant despite the massive findings is to be owed to the close cooperation of
      pediatricians and obstetricians.

PMID- 6375183
TI  - [Congenital myotonic dystrophy].
AB  - By means of a casuistic the set of problems in congenital myotonia dystrophica is
      demonstrated. Own results are discussed.

PMID- 6375184
TI  - [The development of clinical electrophysiology. Indication, complications and
      results of 1296 invasive electrophysiologic studies from 1971 to 1981 in
      Dusseldorf].
AB  - The indications, complications and results of 1,296 clinical electrophysiological
      studies performed in D usseldorf between 1971 and 1981 are reviewed. In the first
      years, bradycardias (Sick sinus, AV conduction defects) were the main
      indications, whereas later on tachycardias played the dominant role. This holds
      especially true for ventricular tachycardias. In these patients, programmed
      pacing was used to control the efficacy of anti-arrhythmic treatment. The
      complication rate was low (1%).

PMID- 6375185
TI  - [Left ventricular function at rest and during exercise in patients with arterial
      hypertension. Studies using digital subtraction angiocardiography].
AB  - Using digital subtraction angiography, left ventricular function and pulmonary
      artery pressure at rest and during submaximal exercise (98 +/- 33 watts) were
      examined in 25 patients with systemic hypertension. All patients had normal
      coronary arteries and a normal left ventricular function at rest. Heart rate
      increased in all patients (from 82 +/- 14 to 134 +/- 20 min-1, p less than
      0.001). Systolic blood pressure also increased significantly in all patients
      (from 153 +/- 12 to 190 +/- 14 mmHg, p less than 0.001). End-diastolic and end
      systolic volumes did not change on average (89 +/- 22 and 87 +/- 19 ml/m2, 28 +/-
      8 and 28 +/- 10 ml/m2, respectively), neither did stroke volume nor ejection
      fraction (61 +/- 18 and 59 +/- 16 ml/m2, 68 +/- 7 and 67 +/- 9%, respectively).
      The increase in end-systolic volumes and concomitantly the decrease in ejection
      fraction during exercise in 8 patients points to an impairment of left
      ventricular function. This effect is frequently found in ventricles with less
      distinct hypertrophy. Cardiac index increased in each patient (from 5.1 +/- 2.1
      to 8.2 +/- 2.9 I/min/m2, p less than 0.001). This is caused by the increase in
      heart rate while stroke volume remains unchanged. Mean pulmonary artery pressure
      increased in all patients from 19 +/- 6 to 35 +/- 10 mmHg on average (p less than
      0.001). A pathologic increase could be observed in 18 patients. There was no
      correlation to angiographic parameters of left ventricular function. The exercise
      test was stopped in 12 patients mainly because of dyspnea. In 11 of these
      patients a pathologic increase of mean pulmonary artery pressure was found. As in
      these patients the angiographic parameters of left ventricular function were
      normal, the increase in pulmonary pressure is related to an impairment of
      diastolic function caused by hypertrophy.

PMID- 6375186
TI  - [Digital subtraction angiocardiography: accuracy of measuring left ventricular
      wall thickness and wall volume during intravenous contrast media injection].
AB  - A comparison of left ventricular wall thickness and wall volume determined by
      intravenous digital subtraction angiocardiography and by conventional left
      ventricular angiocardiography was performed by linear regression analysis: wall
      thickness: WDDSA = 0.90 X WDLV , Syx = +/- 0.16 cm, r = 0.74; wall volume:
      WVOLDSA = 0.87 X WVOLLV , Syx = +/- 48 ml, r = 0.85. Compared to the deviation
      and scatter of corresponding data measured from two consecutive beats in
      conventional left ventricular angiocardiographies , the error of determination of
      wall thickness and wall volume, determined by intravenous digital subtraction
      angiocardiography, is more pronounced. The regression analysis of wall volumes
      under rest and bicycle exercise evaluated by digital subtraction
      angiocardiography revealed a similar inaccuracy ( Syx = +/- 46 ml). This is due
      to faults in recognition of the inner and outer contours of left ventricular
      wall. Our results show that measurements of left ventricular wall thickness and
      wall volumes by means of intravenous digital subtraction angiocardiography can
      only be performed with greater deviations compared to conventional left
      ventricular angiocardiograms.

PMID- 6375187
TI  - [Primary angiosarcoma of the heart--3 case reports and a review of the
      literature].
AB  - Three cases of primary angiosarcoma of the heart diagnosed intra vitam are
      reported. A review of the literature with 118 described cases is given, with
      special reference to localization, clinical symptoms, diagnostic procedures, and
      prognosis. Modern diagnostic procedures make it possible to diagnose cardiac
      tumors in the living patient, but prognosis remains poor.

PMID- 6375188
TI  - [Left ventricular function and activity of vasoconstrictor systems in patients
      with chronic heart insufficiency].
AB  - An increased activity of vasoconstrictor mechanisms may play an important role in
      circulatory adjustments to heart failure. Thus, hemodynamic data and the plasma
      hormones epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE) and arginin vasopressin (AVP) as
      well as the plasma renin activity (PRA) were assessed in 50 patients undergoing
      coronary angiography and right heart catheterization. Patients were classified
      into three groups according to severity of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction as
      assessed by ejection fraction (LVEF): those with normal left ventricular function
      (group 1 (n = 12): LVEF greater than or equal to 55%, mean 70 +/- 3%) and those
      with moderate (group 2 (n = 16): LVEF 54-35%, mean 43 +/- 2%) or severe LV
      dysfunction (group 3 (n = 22): LVEF less than 35%, mean 22 +/- 1%). At rest
      plasma NE concentrations in patients with heart failure (group 2: 187 +/- 17
      pg/ml; group 3: 299 +/- 27 pg/ml) did not differ significantly from control
      values (199 +/- 26 pg/ml). During exercise, NE concentrations increased in all
      patients (p less than 0.001). This increase in plasma NE was more pronounced in
      group 3 (753 +/- 71 pg/ml) than in group 1 (262 +/- 37) and group 2 (388 +/- 64).
      A significant inverse correlation was found between plasma NE and stroke index at
      rest (r = -0.592, p less than 0.001) as well as during exercise (r = -0.659, p
      less than 0.001). PRA was elevated at rest and during exercise in patients of
      group 3 but not of group 2 as compared with control patients (p less than 0.05).
      Plasma E and AVP were similar in all groups. Patients of group 3 were subdivided
      according to exercise capacity into patients who tolerated a maximum work load of
      50 watts or more (group 3A) and those who did not tolerate a work load exceeding
      25 watts (group 3B). At rest and during exercise, patients of group 3A had a
      higher stroke index than patients of group 3B. In contrast, there was no
      significant difference in LVEF between group 3A and 3B (22 +/- 2 vs 20 +/- 1%).
      During exercise patients with low exercise capacity (group 3B) had higher NE
      levels than patients with less impaired exercise capacity (group 3A) (948 +/- 86
      vs 590 +/- 65 pg/ml, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6375189
TI  - Aurintricarboxylic acid and polynucleotides as novel inhibitors of ribonucleotide
      reductases.
AB  - Ribonucleoside diphosphate reductases isolated from Escherichia coli, baker's
      yeast, Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, and unicellular green alga (Scenedesmus
      obliquus) are inhibited strongly and uniformly by the polymeric triphenylmethane
      dye, aurintricarboxylic acid. The molecule appears to interact simultaneously
      with the enzyme's various nucleotide and catalytic (iron-organic radical) sites.
      Oligo- and polyribonucleotides are also inhibitory. These reactions serve as
      models of the probably physiologic regulation of ribonucleotide reduction exerted
      by natural inhibitors. Partial characterization of an inhibitor fraction found in
      wheat seed embryo is described.

PMID- 6375190
TI  - [Structuro-functional organization of the medial forebrain bundle].

PMID- 6375191
TI  - [Exteroceptive control of the central apparatus regulating motor activity in
      simple reflex chains].

PMID- 6375192
TI  - Home of BUMED: a hilltop in Foggy Bottom. Where medical college left off. The
      U.S. Naval Medical School and Naval Hospital 1902-1917.

PMID- 6375193
TI  - [Academician V.V. Parin as a physiologist].

PMID- 6375194
TI  - [V.V. Parin. His life and work].

PMID- 6375195
TI  - [Aromatic retinoids in the therapy of dermatoses].

PMID- 6375196
TI  - [Clinical characteristics of the immunosuppressive (immunodependent) form of
      Kaposi's sarcoma].

PMID- 6375197
TI  - [Role of chlamydiae in pathology of the urogenital tract].

PMID- 6375198
TI  - [Vascular injury problems in childhood and adolescence].
AB  - Because of the marked elasticity of healthy blood vessels in children and
      adolescents, vascular trauma is very rare. In penetrating injuries, arteriography
      is not usually necessary but this procedure is essential in cases of blunt trauma
      to the blood vessels. The type of reconstructive procedure depends on the injury
      and its extent and can be performed by direct vascular anastomosis, by the
      insertion of a vein patch or by the transplantation of an autogenic venous
      segment. General anaesthesia is usually essential. Interrupted one-layer end-to
      end anastomosis is advocated. The surgical technique of vascular repair must be
      meticulous. 12 children and adolescents (most of them had severe multiple
      injuries including vascular injuries) were followed up clinically and via
      arteriography. In 11 patients, the reconstructed vessels were found to be
      functioning normally.

PMID- 6375199
TI  - Carcinoma of the stomach in a 7-year-old boy--a case report and a review of the
      literature on children under 10 years of age.
AB  - Carcinoma of the stomach in childhood is exceedingly rare. We now report on a
      case of carcinoma of the stomach in a 7-year-old Japanese boy, the youngest with
      so-called adult-type carcinoma of the stomach in Japan. The tumour was located
      mainly in the cardial region. Total gastrectomy was performed and an oesophago
      jejunostomy was constructed. Histological studies revealed an anaplastic adeno
      carcinoma. The possibility of gastric malignancy should always be considered when
      gastro-intestinal symptoms persist, even in children.

PMID- 6375200
TI  - [Preparation of dental impressions].

PMID- 6375201
TI  - [The active plate in changing times].

PMID- 6375202
TI  - [Titanalloy--the further development of extension implants].

PMID- 6375203
TI  - [The Flemish author Hendrik Conscience (1812-1883) and the psychiatric patients
      of Geel].
AB  - The Flemish author Hendrik Conscience (1812-1883) whose novels were translated in
      the 19th century into all European languages, wrote also a mainly unknown,
      romantically elaborated story which was only translated into French under the
      title " Eene Gekkenwereld ", in which the system of psychiatric family care plays
      a leading role. After the presentation of a psychopathographic sketch of the
      personality of Conscience this is followed by a brief information on the
      contents. In this connection the psychopathologically and social-psychiatrically
      relevant passages are briefly examined and analysed. The work comes to the
      conclusion that in the literary field Conscience may be regarded as a pioneer of
      the humanisation of the early scientific psychiatry to which in the atmosphere of
      the psychiatric family care in the Flemish place Geel the social-psychiatric
      element had been already permanently adopted.

PMID- 6375204
TI  - Association of germ-free rats with different microfloras.

PMID- 6375206
TI  - [Hemisection of a replanted lower molar with subsequent prosthetic care].

PMID- 6375205
TI  - [Veneering of bridgework with SR-ISOSIT-PE, C and B-material or C and B
      porcelain].

PMID- 6375207
TI  - [The acid etch technic].

PMID- 6375208
TI  - [Results of microscopic image analysis of the thyroid gland fine needle
      biopsies].
AB  - In previous cytomorphometrical studies applying a microscopic image analysis
      system it was shown that follicular adenomas and highly differentiated follicular
      carcinomas of the thyroid gland can be distinguished. Basing on these results,
      the usefulness of the method was examined in selected cases of routine materials.
      143 fine needle biopsies were analysed by means of the image analysis system.
      Moreover, in 52 cases the results could be checked by histological investigations
      of surgical samples. In comparison with the cytomorphological findings, the
      results of the cytomorphometrical analysis demonstrate a higher grade of
      assurance of the diagnostic statements. It was confirmed, that it is possible to
      diagnose highly differentiated follicular carcinomas of the thyroid gland with
      the method demonstrated above.

PMID- 6375209
TI  - [Effect, on the newborn infant, of carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy in
      insulin-dependent diabetics].
AB  - The influence of the moment in pregnancy of insulin dependent diabetic women, at
      which normoglycemia by insulin therapy could be reached, on cord blood insulin
      concentration and neonatal morbidity was investigated. There is a positive
      correlation between the moment of normoglycemia (HbA1-values less than or equal
      to 8.5%) and the insulin concentration and furthermore the incidence of
      respiratory distress syndrome and macrosomia in the newborn. It is concluded that
      a tight metabolic control in insulin dependent diabetic women already prior to or
      early in pregnancy (at least until the 16th week) will be able to decrease the
      incidence of morbidity in infants of diabetic mothers.

PMID- 6375210
TI  - Effect of salinomycin-Na on malaria parasites (Plasmodium falciparum and P.
      berghei).
AB  - In vitro exposure of Plasmodium falciparum and P. berghei to salinomycin-Na
      showed that 10 min incubation in RPMI 1640 medium containing 100 micrograms/ml of
      the polyether antibiotic led to complete destruction of most parasites; in media
      containing 10 or 1 microgram/ml salinomycin-Na some young developmental stages
      seemed to survive, apparently due to the protection of the mostly intact host
      cell. In vitro treatment of rats infected with P. berghei revealed that a single
      subcutaneous (oral) dose of 20 mg/kg (80 mg/kg salinomycin-Na caused complete
      destruction of parasites. Incipient degeneration of the parasites could be
      already observed 1 h after treatment. After 22 h parasites had disappeared from
      blood smears. Repeated subcutaneous doses of the polyether as low as 5 mg/kg (X3)
      completely destroyed the asexual stages of P. berghei. During the ultrastructural
      investigation of the action of salinomycin-Na it was found that initially the
      inner lacunes (such as endoplasmic reticulum and perinuclear space) and the
      mitochondrion were markedly swollen. This was followed by mitochondrial
      disruption with rupture of the parasites' pellicle. Since the infected host cells
      also ruptured, mainly extracellular parasites were seen in blood smears beginning
      6 h after treatment. Salinomycin-Na seems to act similarly on the malarial
      parasites and on the free merozoites of chicken intestinal coccidia.

PMID- 6375211
TI  - Effect of levamisole on the immune response of chickens to infection with Eimeria
      tenella.
AB  - The effect of levamisole on the immunization to coccidiosis in chickens was
      investigated. The protection to the challenge infection with Eimeria tenella was
      higher in those chickens immunized by inoculating a small number of oocysts of E.
      tenella and administered orally with levamisole at dosage levels of 1.25 to 5
      mg/kg body weight, once daily for 3 days, one week after immunization than in
      immunized and levamisole-untreated or unimmunized and levamisole-treated
      chickens. The activities of peritoneal macrophages of chickens from the immunized
      and levamisole-treated group were higher than those of chickens from the other
      groups. Furthermore, serum antibody titers and the leucocyte migration inhibitory
      factor-inducing activities measured in immunized and levamisole-treated chickens
      reflected the immune state of chickens.

PMID- 6375212
TI  - Action of a new floxacrine derivative (S 82 5455) on asexual stages of Plasmodium
      berghei: a light and electron microscopical study.
AB  - The floxacrine derivative S 82 5455, 7-chloro-1-( 4N - methylpiperazino -1N
      imino)-10-hydroxy-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-3-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-9(10 H)-
      acridone , shows a high activity against blood induced infection of a drug
      sensitive line of Plasmodium berghei in mice and rats. The dosis curativa minima/
      dosis tolerata maxima values against the drug-sensitive P. berghei strain
      ascertained in the '28-day test' in mice, were 1.56 (X 5)/400 (X 1) mg/kg after
      the oral route 3.12(X 5)/400(X 1) mg/kg after the subcutaneous (sc) route.
      Morphological changes in erythrocytic stages of P. berghei following a single
      oral/sc dose of 25 and 50 mg/kg respectively in rats were at first swollen
      lacunes of the endoplasmic reticulum and extremely enlarged mitochondrion (6 h
      after treatment), then an apparent vacuolisation of the cytoplasm and pyknosis of
      the nucleus, as well as distinctly enlarged perinuclear space and later marked
      fissuring of the cytoplasm. After 23 h most of the parasites were destroyed by
      disruption of their pellicle. The majority of the degenerate parasites were
      situated outside of the apparently ruptured host cell. The remnants of damaged
      parasites and host cells disappeared completely from smears 96 h after treatment
      at all oral and sc doses used.

PMID- 6375213
TI  - Intraspecific characterization of T. cruzi stocks by the lectins from Triticum
      vulgaris and Arachis hypogaea.
AB  - The agglutination behavior of four-days-old epimastigote culture forms of T.
      cruzi, and T. cruzi-like stocks from different South American countries were
      tested with 15 lectins. Two agglutination types can be distinguished: Typ 1
      includes stocks which react with Triticum vulgaris and Aaptos papillata II (WGA
      type). Type 2 includes stocks agglutinated by Arachis hypogaea and Aaptos
      papillata II (PNA-type). The reactions with the lectins from Triticum vulgaris
      and Aaptos papillata II can be correlated with the presence of N-Acetylneuraminic
      acid on the cell surface of these flagellates. After treatment with neuraminidase
      the WGA-type T. cruzi-like Morcego 1354 is agglutinated by Arachis hypogaea but
      not by the N-Acetylneuraminic acid specific lectins from Triticum vulgaris and
      Aaptos papillata II.

PMID- 6375214
TI  - [Controlled hypotension--past and present. Overview].

PMID- 6375215
TI  - Qualitative and quantitative detection of Nairobi sheep disease virus antigen by
      immunoperoxidase in BHK-, sheep kidney- and tick cell cultures.

PMID- 6375216
TI  - [Aleksandr Ivanovich Shapovalov (1932-1983)].

PMID- 6375217
TI  - [Capsule formation and virulence in staphylococci].

PMID- 6375218
TI  - [Effect of ultrasonic waves on the growth intensity of Mycobacterium leprae in
      liquid nutrient media].
AB  - Ultrasound-treated M. leprae grow in liquid culture media at a greater rate than
      untreated ones. Ultrasound-treated M. leprae retain their capacity for intensive
      growth after their passage in mice.

PMID- 6375219
TI  - [Klebsiella pneumoniae adhesion to epithelioid cells in vitro].
AB  - The adhesion of K. pneumoniae K24 capsular strain No. 6723 onto subcultured
      epithelioid human kidney cells RN was studied overtime by light microscopy and by
      transmission and scanning electron microscopy. To find out the bacterial capsule
      and glycocalyx of epithelioid cells, the method of staining the samples with
      ruthenium red was used, this stain producing the coloration of extracellular
      acidic mucopolusaccharides . The bacteria were found to attach to the qlycocalyx
      of epithelioid cells by means of protruding areas on the capsule which retained
      its form and size after both stabilization with ruthenium red and standard glutar
      -osmium fixation. Under the action of the bacteria epithelioid cells were found
      to round off, become longer and increase the number of processes. At the sites of
      contact with the bacteria specific short cytoplasmic processes serving for the
      attachment of K. pneumoniae cells were discovered.

PMID- 6375220
TI  - [Epidemiological aspects and organization of ecological expertise of project
      data].
AB  - The necessity of organizing the ecological evaluation of projects, the
      interrelation of measures for the protection of nature and ecological
      forecasting, the importance of introducing the section of ecological forecasting
      into every project are discussed. Changes in the ecological systems, occurring
      due to different kinds of human intervention, and their consequences for human
      health are shown. The organization of the ecological evaluation of project plans
      and specifications at different administrative levels of the sanitary and
      epidemiological service and at institutes is proposed , which must ensure the
      elimination-of consequences, unfavorable for human health.

PMID- 6375222
TI  - Synthesis of analogs of D-Ala-D-Ala as potential inhibitors of bacterial cell
      wall biosynthesis.
AB  - The syntheses of the L,L- and D,D-stereoisomers of N- phenoxyacetyl -X-alanine in
      which X = Ser, Ala( beta Cl ) or Arg, are described. The antibacterial activity
      of these peptides and some of their synthetic intermediates has been examined.
      Four of the intermediates in which X = Ala( beta Cl ) and Arg(NO2), which possess
      C-terminal benzyl ester groups, were active against viridans streptococci and
      Streptococcus agalactiae. The D,D-enantiomers were more active than the
      corresponding L,L-isomers. None of the compounds were active against beta
      lactamase producing bacteria or acted as beta-lactamase inhibitors.

PMID- 6375221
TI  - [Interrelation of virulent and avirulent (vaccinal) strains of Shigella flexneri
      2A in long-term bacterial carriage in gnotobiotic rats].
AB  - The ability of S. flexneri 2a virulent and avirulent (vaccine) strains No. 516
      and No. 516 m to displace one another during long-term carrier state in germ-free
      rats has been studied. The long-term persistence of the vaccine strain in the
      intestine of the rats has been shown to produce colonization resistance to
      subsequent infection with the virulent culture of these bacteria. During carrier
      state in rats progressive S--R dissociation of the bacteria occurs, type II
      antigen is lost with simultaneous retention of group 3, 4 antigens and the
      resulting transformation of S. flexneri, serotype 2a, into variant y; the
      virulence of Shigella S-forms is also lost.

PMID- 6375223
TI  - Relationships between plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine and
      angiotensin II concentrations, renin activity, hemodynamic state and prognosis in
      acute heart failure.
AB  - The relationships between hemodynamic state and plasma components of the renin
      angiotensin and adrenergic nervous systems were studied in 42 patients admitted
      to an intensive care unit with acute heart failure. Patients were allocated to
      four subsets according to cardiac output and pulmonary wedge pressure. Plasma
      renin activity and angiotensin II were abnormally high in most patients with
      cardiac output less than or equal to 3.81 X min-1 and pulmonary wedge pressure
      greater than or equal to 18 mm Hg in contrast with values of patients of the 3
      other subsets, which overlapped the normal range. On the other hand, plasma
      catecholamines were abnormally high in most patients. Angiotensin II was
      positively correlated with pulmonary wedge pressure, urea and catecholamines and
      negatively correlated with cardiac output and natremia. Norepinephrine was
      uncorrelated with hemodynamic parameters but epinephrine was negatively
      correlated with cardiac output. A discriminant linear function was calculated for
      prognosis of survival: cardiac output was the most important factor. The rise of
      angiotensin II and epinephrine were not unfavorable factors if their correlations
      with other factors (e.g. cardiac output and urea) were taken into account.

PMID- 6375225
TI  - Accuracy of cytologic diagnosis of central nervous system neoplasms in
      sterotactic biopsies.
AB  - The cytohistologic correlation is reported for 112 of the 128 consecutive
      sterotactic aspiration biopsies performed on patients with clinical and
      neuroradiologic evidence of brain tumors investigated at the Neurosurgery
      Department, Karolinska Hospital, from 1976 to 1979. The cytodiagnostic accuracy
      of benign and malignant tumors was 87% when adequate cell material was obtained.
      In 17 benign tumors of the sellar region, the diagnostic rate was 88%; cytologic
      examination independent of histologic biopsy is feasible in this area. The
      cytodiagnostic accuracy for 95 malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors was
      87% after adjusting for the appreciable sampling error inherent in the use of a
      stereotactic procedure during the early phase of the study. Two
      histopathologically proven infectious lesions were reported cytologically as
      benign. The main microscopic problems were the recognition of highly
      differentiated astroglial neoplasms and the differential diagnosis between poorly
      differentiated brain neoplasms and metastases to the CNS. Cytodiagnostic accuracy
      of CNS tumors can be increased by technical improvements in the stereotactic
      device, diagnostic experience and immunochemical staining.

PMID- 6375224
TI  - [Treatment of resectable cancer of the stomach].
AB  - The results of 631 cancers of the stomach treated by gastrectomy between 1970 and
      1983 were closely reviewed in six departments of surgery. This review showed that
      the prognostic factors determined by resectability, extension of the tumor and
      lymph node involvement are considered to be reliable following the various pre-
      and postoperative examinations. In addition, it was shown that most of the
      gastrectomies were performed following conventional procedures and that the
      widespread lymph node dissections are not applied in a systematic manner. The
      postoperative mortality is very low (4.4%) for all the gastrectomies and even
      lower for the radical gastrectomies (3%). The 5 year survival rate for all the
      gastrectomies is 15%; this rate amounts to 36% for the gastrectomies performed
      with a curative aim. In the discussion, the adjuvant radiotherapy and
      chemotherapy are discussed and their timeliness is shown.

PMID- 6375226
TI  - Effect of treatment with insulin or diet on intermediary metabolites in pregnant
      women with chemical diabetes in the third trimester of pregnancy.
AB  - The diurnal (07(30) - 16(00) profiles of glucose, 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB), non
      esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and glycerol were studied in 19 pregnant women
      with gestational diabetes and eight pregnant non-diabetic controls. Nine of the
      gestational diabetic women were treated with intermediate and in some cases with
      fast acting insulin and diet and 10 were treated with diet alone. Although
      fasting plasma glucose levels were normal (less than 6.0 mmol/l) in 8 insulin
      treated and 9 diet-treated gestational diabetics before the start of treatment,
      the profiles of glucose, NEFA and glycerol were generally higher in gestational
      diabetic compared to non-diabetic pregnant women. The insulin-treated group had
      lower, but not normal, plasma glucose and higher levels of glycerol than the
      women treated with diet only. The levels of 3-HB and NEFA were not significantly
      influenced by the type of therapy. It is suggested that treatment of gestational
      diabetes should consist of multiple injections of fast acting insulin.

PMID- 6375228
TI  - Gastro-intestinal polypeptides in patients treated for medullary carcinoma of the
      thyroid.
AB  - In 12 patients treated 2 to 58 months previously for medullary carcinoma of the
      thyroid, basal serum concentrations of calcitonin, gastrin, vasoactive intestinal
      polypeptide, glucagon, insulin, and pancreatic polypeptide were measured in
      search of any correlation between these and the clinical course of the disease.
      All patients had elevated serum calcitonin levels indicating present disease. One
      patient had increased serum concentrations of several hormones. Another had
      achlorhydria and high serum gastrin levels. No relationship between calcitonin
      and gastro-intestinal polypeptides was found in 11 patients. No correlations were
      found between serum levels of polypeptides and the occurrence of diarrhoea in 5
      patients. It is concluded that gastro-intestinal polypeptides, which are produced
      by other apudomas, are not secreted in more than normal concentrations under
      basal conditions, by the majority of patients previously treated for medullary
      carcinoma of the thyroid.

PMID- 6375227
TI  - Effect of PHA-B fraction of Agaricus bisporus lectin on insulin release and
      45Ca2+ uptake by islets of Langerhans in vitro.
AB  - The effect of a purified PHA-B fraction of Agaricus bisporus lectin on insulin
      release and 45Ca2+ uptake by islets of Langerhans was studied. It was found that
      at 2 mM glucose +17.5 micrograms/ml A. bisporus PHA-B (which produces half
      maximal stimulation) there was a 3.3 fold increase in insulin secretion as
      compared to controls (2 mM glucose). Stimulation of insulin release was found to
      be dose-related as well as time-dependent. Maximal stimulation of insulin release
      was obtained at a lectin concentration of about 60 micrograms/ml and proceeded as
      a linear function of time for about 1 h. It was found that in the presence of 2
      mM glucose +17.5 micrograms/ml lectin islet 45Ca2+ uptake was enhanced more than
      11-fold as compared to controls. 45Ca2+ uptake was found to be lectin dose- and
      time-dependent and maximal uptake was achieved at a lectin concentration of about
      60 micrograms/ml after which the rate slowed down until it reached a stationary
      phase at about 75 micrograms/ml.

PMID- 6375229
TI  - TSH-containing pituitary adenoma associated with primary hypothyroidism
      manifested by amenorrhoea and galactorrhoea.
AB  - A 30 year old woman with primary hypothyroidism due to an ectopic (sublingual)
      thyroid, with a pituitary tumour invasive to the sphenoidal sinus presented with
      hyperprolactinaemia, amenorrhoea and galactorrhoea not corrected by long-term
      thyroid replacement. High basal TSH and TRH hyperresponsiveness were suppressed
      by thyroid therapy. After transsphenoidal removal of the tumour the Prl returned
      to normal. Light microscopy including differential staining and
      immunocytochemistry demonstrated that the tumour was composed of TSH cells.
      Ultrastructurally the adenoma cell contained small granules (90-150 nm) as
      described in TSH cells. This case provides evidence that a TSH cell adenoma
      probably arising from protracted overstimulation secondary to thyroid deficiency
      can induce hyperprolactinaemia. This did not appear to be produced directly by
      the adenoma nor was there any evidence of compression of the pituitary stalk.

PMID- 6375230
TI  - A comparison of the effects of semisynthetic human insulin and porcine insulin on
      transmembrane ion shifts and glucose metabolism during euglycaemic clamping.
AB  - Disturbances of potassium, calcium, phosphate and magnesium homeostasis in
      diabetes mellitus are well documented. We have compared the effects of
      semisynthetic human and pancreatic porcine insulin on transmembrane shifts of
      these ions, and on glucose metabolism, at two insulin infusion rates, 20 and 50
      mU/kg/h, during euglycaemic clamping for 2 h in 6 normal volunteers. The glucose
      requirements and the changes in blood metabolite concentrations were not
      significantly different during the porcine and human insulin infusions. Serum
      potassium levels, however, showed a significant greater decline with infusions of
      porcine insulin (4.2 +/- 0.1 to 3.5 +/- 0.1 mmol/l) compared with human insulin
      (4.2 +/- 0.1 to 3.7 +/- 0.1 mmol/l) at 50 mU/kg/h (P less than 0.05). Potassium
      levels were significantly lower during the porcine insulin infusion at 105 and
      120 min and at 15 and 30 min after stopping the infusion. Electrocardiographic T
      wave voltage decreased during the porcine and human insulin infusion by 0.13 +/-
      0.02 and 0.10 +/- 0.01 mV, respectively (P less than 0.02). Changes in serum
      levels of magnesium, calcium, phosphate, and red blood cell concentrations of
      magnesium and 2,3-DPG, were not significantly different between the insulins.
      Thus a small but significant greater decline in potassium levels with similar
      glucose requirements was found during iv administration of porcine insulin
      compared with human insulin.

PMID- 6375231
TI  - Kinetics of 5-hydroxytryptophan potentiation of glucose-induced insulin release.
AB  - We have previously shown that L-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP) potentiates glucose
      induced insulin release in islets isolated from ob/ob-mice. In the present study,
      the kinetics of this effect were further studied. The combined effect of glucose
      and L-5-HTP was dependent on the concentration of both compounds. The threshold
      concentration for the potentiating effect of 5-HTP was on the order of 0.01-0.1
      mmol/l, and the maximal effect was reached at 1-4 mmol/l extracellular
      concentration. L-5-HTP enhanced glucose-induced insulin release without changing
      the apparent Km for glucose (9.5-10 mmol/l). The effect of L-5-HTP increased with
      time for about 40 to 60 min and was reversibly reduced when either L-5-HTP was
      omitted or the glucose concentration was lowered. These findings support the view
      that L-5-HTP is a strong potentiator of glucose-induced insulin release.

PMID- 6375232
TI  - [Coagulo-fibrinolytic system and platelets in cancer--clinical and experimental
      study on the influence of coagulo-fibrinolytic system and platelets on tumor
      growth and metastasis].

PMID- 6375233
TI  - [Lymph flow of the stomach and the lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer].

PMID- 6375234
TI  - [Old medical books of the Oda family in Kashima, Saga].

PMID- 6375235
TI  - Cardiac dysrhythmias and heart rate changes at induction of anaesthesia: a
      comparison of two intravenous anticholinergics.
AB  - Glycopyrrolate, 0.2 mg, or atropine, 0.6 mg, was administered intravenously
      together with methohexitone for the induction of anaesthesia in unpremedicated
      patients. The use of atropine, compared with glycopyrrolate, was associated with
      a greater rise in heart rate, a greater number of patients whose heart rates
      doubled, and a higher incidence of dysrhythmias. Glycopyrrolate is recommended
      for use as an intravenous anticholinergic agent, particularly in patients with
      cardiovascular impairment.

PMID- 6375236
TI  - Painless venipuncture. A clinical trial of iontophoresis of lidocaine for
      venipuncture in blood donors.
AB  - Discomfort or frank pain at venipuncture may be a reason for abstaining from
      giving blood. In an attempt to offer a painless alternative, a method for
      iontophoretic application of local anaesthetics was developed. Its effectiveness
      in producing anaesthesia for venipuncture was tested in a double-blind trial in
      47 blood donors. A positive result was obtained in 89%, as against 28% in the
      placebo group.

PMID- 6375237
TI  - Bradycardia and cardiac asystole following a single injection of suxamethonium.
AB  - Twenty cases of severe bradycardia, including 12 cases of cardiac asystole,
      following administration of a single dose of suxamethonium to 17 adult patients
      are presented. Treatment consisted of i.v. atropine in 16 cases, and in four
      cases external cardiac massage or a precordial thump was also given. Remission
      was complete in all cases. The mechanism is not known, but it is suggested that
      i.v. administration of fentanyl at induction may enhance the tendency to
      bradycardia following suxamethonium. Absence of preoperative atropine may also be
      of importance.

PMID- 6375238
TI  - Glycogen in leukocytes from patients with hepatic encephalopathy.
AB  - Accumulations of glycogen in leukocytes from patients with hepatic encephalopathy
      and controls were studied electron-microscopically and biochemically. Extensive
      glycogen accumulation was observed in polymorphonuclear leukocytes from these
      patients, the content being 1.5 or 3.4 times higher than in the controls. The
      absorption spectra of glycogen with an iodine reagent exhibited no difference
      between patients and controls. Phosphorylasee activity was reduced but acid alpha
      1,4-glucosidase activity elevated in the leukocytes from the patients.

PMID- 6375239
TI  - Immunohistochemical studies of blood monocytes infiltrating into the neonatal rat
      brain.
AB  - Brains of normal rats ranging in age from newborn to adult were observed with
      immunofluorescence technique using anti- granulomonocyte antiserum. For the first
      10 days after birth, many cells with positive fluorescence were found in the
      white matter, the subependyma , the extra-parenchymal spaces, and the leptomeninx
      , but very few in the gray matter. They were mononuclear, rich in cytoplasm, and
      globular or irregular in shape. After about day 10 p.n., the positive cells
      decreased in number and became slender. However, there was no change in the
      distribution pattern. After about 3 weeks of age, no positive cells were detected
      in the brain parenchyma, except for very rare necrobiotic ones. It was suggested
      that blood monocytes infiltrate into the brain parenchyma of normal neonatal rat,
      but only for a while in the limited areas (white matter and subependyma ). They
      have the morphology and distribution of the "ameboid microglia" of neonatal
      brain. These monocytes disappear from the brain finally by the end of month 1
      p.n.

PMID- 6375240
TI  - Effect of dexamethasone on glial fibrillary acidic protein in peritumorous edema
      of cats: a morphometric study.
AB  - In 54 cats experimental brain tumors were produced by xenotransplantation of the
      blastomatous glial cell clone RG2 into the internal capsule of the left
      hemisphere. Fifteen of these animals were treated with dexamethasone for 1 week
      and four animals for 2 h. The occurrence of glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein
      in tumor and peritumoral edema was studied by immunocytochemistry at intervals
      ranging between 3 and 35 days after implantation. High concentrations of GFA
      protein were present in giant and many of the larger tumor cells but not in small
      tumor cells. In peritumorous white matter it appeared in reactive astrocytes,
      where it reached its maximum 2 weeks after implantation. At this time,
      morphometric evaluation of GFA protein-positive areas revealed an increase from
      0.095 +/- 0.035% to 5.17 +/- 1.42%. Application of dexamethasone for 1 week
      reduced this area to 1.67 +/- 0.57% (P less than 0.001). The results obtained
      demonstrate that the development of peritumorous edema is associated with
      considerable stimulation of GFA protein production which is inhibited by
      dexamethasone. Production of GFA protein by reactive astrocytes, in consequence,
      does not seem to be involved in the resolution process of peritumoral edema under
      dexamethasone therapy.

PMID- 6375241
TI  - Changes in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and kallikrein-kinin systems during
      normal and hypertensive pregnancy.
AB  - We conducted a prospective and serial study of blood pressure (BP) and of the
      changes in the renin-angiotension-aldosterone system (RAAS) and of one factor in
      the kallikrein-kinin system during normal pregnancy and in patients with pre
      existing or developing hypertension in pregnancy. Strict diagnostic criteria were
      used to define pre-eclampsia (PE), essential hypertensives (EH) and other
      hypertension (OH) in pregnancy. In normotensive pregnant women (n = 26) there was
      a rise in all components of the RAAS measured: plasma renin activity (PRA),
      plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and urinary aldosterone excretion (tU
      Aldo), from week 12 to week 20 of pregnancy, compared with non-pregnant control
      subjects (n = 24) of similar age. Peak values were observed at week 30,
      whereafter fairly constant levels were maintained. Plasma and urinary aldosterone
      levels were increased 6-10 fold. Urinary kallikrein excretion (tU- Kall ) was
      increased at weeks 12-20, but at weeks 30-36 roughly the same mean values were
      observed as for non-pregnant control subjects. On the other hand, different
      results were obtained in the hypertensive patients, especially those with PE (n =
      18). PRA was depressed in the PE group to values about those observed in non
      pregnant control subjects. PRA was also significantly lower in the PE group than
      in EH (n = 8) or OH (n = 16) groups. PAC and tU-Aldo were also much lower in PE
      patients than in normal pregnant women at comparable gestational ages, but not
      significantly different from EH patients, whereas those with OH had both PAC and
      tU-Aldo values comparable to normal pregnant women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6375242
TI  - [Materials for direct bonding in orthodontics].

PMID- 6375243
TI  - Immune function in patients with ovarian carcinoma treated with irradiation or
      with cytostatics.
AB  - The immunocompetence of 25 patients with ovarian cancer was followed up during
      and after radiation or chemotherapy, by using the number of lymphocytes, E
      rosette-forming cells, and mitogen responses as parameters. In comparison with
      chemotherapy, the irradiation caused a profound and permanent immunosuppression.
      In patients treated with chemotherapy, the number of E-rosette-forming cells and
      the mitogen responses were fewer in the patients who developed recurrence or
      dissemination.

PMID- 6375244
TI  - Genital colonization by Actinomyces israelii and serologic immune response to the
      bacterium after five years use of the same copper intra-uterine device.
AB  - An increased risk of developing genital actinomycosis has been found with long
      term use of IUDs. In this study a group of women who had used their IUDs for 60
      +/- 6 months was compared with a group having worn their IUDs for 36 +/- 6
      months. None of the women examined had symptoms of genital infection. No
      significant differences could be found in colonization frequency of A. israelii
      on the IUDs or in humoral antibody response to the bacterium.

PMID- 6375245
TI  - A longitudinal study of Actinomyces israelii in the female genital tract.
AB  - A prospective longitudinal investigation was performed to study variations in the
      occurrence of Actinomyces israelii with reference to four microorganisms,
      staphylococci, E. coli, P. acnes and C. albicans, in the female genital tract.
      Fifteen healthy women were studied during all phases of the menstrual cycle.
      Sampling was made from the cervix, vagina and perineal area three times a week
      during two consecutive menstrual periods and during menstruation from napkins and
      tampons. Altogether 1108 samples were taken on 349 sampling occasions for
      different cultural procedures. A. israelii was identified in all women, in
      varying frequencies (range 4 to 74% of sampling occasions). As a mean, A.
      israelii was recovered in 24% of the perineal samples, 13% of the vaginal and 6%
      of the cervical samples. The occurrence of A. israelii was related neither to the
      recovery of reference microorganisms nor to the phase of the menstrual cycle, the
      amount of bleeding or discharge, the pH of the vaginal specimens, the
      contraceptive method used, or to the use of different sanitary products. It is
      our conclusion that A. israelii appears to be a part of the indigenous genital
      flora of healthy women.

PMID- 6375246
TI  - [Gas gangrene of the neck. Non-clostridial infection due to obligate anaerobic
      bacteria].

PMID- 6375247
TI  - [Reconstructive surgery with digestive system transplants in pharyngolaryngo
      esophageal cancerology. Apropos of 18 cases].

PMID- 6375248
TI  - A prolactin producing tumor originated in the sphenoid sinus.
AB  - The case presented is a prolactin producing tumor originated in the sphenoid
      sinus of a 40-year-old woman. Histologically this tumor is a typical chromophobe
      adenoma of the pituitary gland. Human prolactin was immunohistochemically
      detected in the cytoplasm of most tumor cells. The tumor invaded around the
      pituitary gland and in the nasal cavity without distant metastasis. Clinically
      the patient showed hyperprolactinemia and amenorrhea.

PMID- 6375249
TI  - Primary tracheobronchial amyloidosis. A case report and review of reported cases.
AB  - A case of diffuse tracheobronchial amyloidosis in a 70-year-old woman thought
      clinically at first to have lung carcinoma is reported. Bronchoscopic biopsy was
      necessary to make a diagnosis. Amyloid was deposited markedly in the
      subepithelial layer. After Congo-red staining amyloid showed the usual apple
      green birefringence under polarizing microscope. Electron microscopic study
      disclosed typical amyloid fibrillar structure. Amyloid protein of this patient
      was confirmed to be AL protein by immunoperoxidase study which showed specific
      staining by the anti-A lambda antiserum. When potassium permanganate reaction was
      used amyloid protein of this patient resisted to the reaction. We reviewed 19
      cases from the previously reported cases of primary amyloidosis of the lower
      respiratory tract, and gave some description of pathologic and clinical aspects
      of this disease.

PMID- 6375250
TI  - Activation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes by salmonella.
AB  - The interaction of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) with salmonella, as studied
      by chemiluminescence and phagocytosis, was very different for a number of
      clinical isolates. Particularly bacteria in the serogroups C1 and E4 deviated
      from other Salmonella. The differences were observed in the rate of activation,
      peak value, duration of the chemiluminescence, and in the extent of association
      and ingestion as studied microscopically. Old laboratory S-strains such as
      Salmonella typhimurium 395 MS and S. minnesota S99 , which did not associate with
      the PMN, showed little activation of the PMN, whereas their phagocytosis
      sensitive R-mutants induced rapid activation, high peak values, and short
      duration of the chemiluminescence. Certain isolates belonging to the C1/E4 group
      induced intermediate types of reactions. The kinetics of the activation was
      related to the physicochemical surface properties of the bacteria. Heating the
      bacteria at 70 degrees C for 45 min enhanced the activation of PMN by the S-type
      strains conspicuously but in different ways, whereas that of R-mutants was
      delayed. Different clinical isolates of salmonella have shown different physico
      chemical surfaces, liability to phagocytosis by PMNs and different degrees of
      eliciting inflammatory mediators from PMNs in vitro. The results indicate that
      the C1/E4 group of Salmonella has pathogenicity mechanisms different from most
      salmonellae.

PMID- 6375252
TI  - In vivo and in vitro boosting effects of tuberculin skin tests in guinea-pigs
      immunized with living BCG or with killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AB  - Eight weeks after the onset of immunization with living BCG vaccine or with heat
      killed, dried Mycobacterium tuberculosis in paraffin oil (TB), guinea-pigs were
      skin tested with small doses of tuberculin PPD. Three weeks later the effect of
      these tests on skin reactions and on lymphocyte transformation (LT) responses of
      lymph node lymphocytes (LNL) or peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was estimated
      by a comparison with non-tested groups. For both immunogens, the skin test after
      8 weeks significantly enhanced skin reactions, particularly to low tuberculin
      doses. In the BCG-vaccinated guinea-pigs the LT responses of both cell types were
      significantly enhanced by the skin test after 8 weeks, whereas the LT responses
      from the TB-immunized guinea-pigs were not affected. Therefore, in the planning
      and interpretation of in vitro tests of cellular immunity, possible effects from
      previously applied skin tests should be taken into consideration.

PMID- 6375251
TI  - Resistance types in Citrobacter freundii. Occurrence and resistance to
      ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin and mecillinam. Transfer of ampicillin
      resistance.
AB  - The resistance types of Citrobacter freundii were investigated. The strains were
      divided into three groups according to susceptibility to penicillin derivatives.
      Group 1, comprising the ampicillin-carbenicillin sensitive strains (A-s/Ca-s),
      constituted 22%. Group 2 (ampicillin-resistant (A-r)/Ca-s) constituted 45% and
      group 3 (A-r/Ca-r) 32%. Two strains (1%) were recorded as A-s/Ca-r. Group 3
      contained a higher proportion of multi-resistant strains than groups 1 and 2. The
      log2IC50 with ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin and mecillinam in the tube
      dilution method were determined for 32 strains. Groups 1 and 2 differed only as
      regards cephalothin resistance. The strains of group 3 were more A-r than the
      group 2 ones. The mecillinam susceptibility did not differ between the three
      groups. No strains in group 2 could transfer A-resistance. In group 3 ten out of
      16 strains were able to transfer A-resistance. Resistance to sulphonamide,
      tetracycline, and streptomycin was also transferred, but with low frequency. The
      A-r/Ca-r strains could be divided into two subgroups, probably reflecting
      different modes of developing beta-lactam resistance. One group was very A- and
      Ca-r, less cephalothin-r, more mecillinam-r and could transfer A-resistance. The
      other group had very high cephalothin-resistance and could not transfer A
      resistance. Citrobacter freundii and Enterobacter cloacae are very similar as
      regards resistance conditions.

PMID- 6375253
TI  - Induction of immunoglobulin secretion in cultured human lymphocytes by 4
      Staphylococcus aureus strains and their extracts.
AB  - Human blood lymphocytes were stimulated in vitro by four Staphylococcus aureus
      strains. Activation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells was determined by a reverse
      plaque forming cell (PFC) assay, and proliferation by quantitation of thymidine
      incorporation. Whole killed S. aureus were slightly more efficient than water
      soluble preparations in the form of sonicated extracts and culture supernatants.
      Two S. aureus strains rich in protein A (Cowan I and E 2371) and one S. aureus
      strain deficient in protein A (E 1369) were potent B-lymphocyte stimulators
      inducing maximal activity on day 6 of culture. Another S. aureus strain deficient
      in protein A (Wood 46) did not possess++ human lymphocyte stimulating capacity.

PMID- 6375254
TI  - In situ characterization of the foam cells in early human atherosclerotic
      lesions.
AB  - Erythrocytes (E) sensitized with IgG antibodies bound to the fatty streaks in
      cryostat sections of early human atherosclerotic lesions. E sensitized with IgA
      or IgM antibodies of F(ab') 2 fragments of IgG did not bind. The binding was
      inhibited by intact IgG and by Fc fragments but not by F (ab')2 fragments or by
      albumin, indicating the presence of receptors for the Fc part of IgG (FcR). E
      sensitized with IgM antibodies and human complement did not bind. The FcR were
      also studied using soluble immune complexes of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and
      rabbit IgG antibodies to HRP. The peroxidase activity was detected
      histochemically. The bound complexes were localized to most of the lipid cells
      (foam cells) in the lesions. The cytoplasm of the FcR positive foam cells stained
      diffusely for acid alpha- naphthyl acetate esterase. Most of the foam cells were
      stained with monoclonal antibodies against HLA-DR antigens. The data indicate
      that most foam cells in early atherosclerotic lesions are derived from monocytes.

PMID- 6375255
TI  - Interaction of C1q with beta 2-microglobulin.
AB  - Beta 2-microglobulin aggregated with glutaric dialdehyde was efficiently bound to
      C1q in fluid and solid phase assay systems. Furthermore, affinity chromatography
      experiments suggested reactivity of monomeric beta 2-microglobulin with C1q. In
      spite of its C1q binding capacity, the aggregated beta 2-microglobulin did not
      activate the C1 complex in serum. This however, might have been due to the mode
      of aggregation.

PMID- 6375256
TI  - Assay, purification and further characterization of 7S C1q-precipitins (C1q-p) in
      hypocomplementemic vasculitis urticaria syndrome and systemic lupus
      erythematosus.
AB  - C1q-precipitins (C1q-p) are comprised of 7S IgG with C1q-binding activity found
      in sera of patients with hypocomplementemic vasculitis urticaria syndrome ( HVUS
      ) and systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE). We have utilized C1q-coated polystyrene
      beads to selectively isolate C1q-p and to establish a sensitive and quantitative
      assay of C1q-p and immune complex activity. Purified C1q-p was comprised of
      polyclonal IgG which retained 7S sedimentation and solid phase C1q-binding
      activity at physiological ionic strength both in the presence and absence of
      normal human sera. No precipitation interaction was observed between C1q-p and
      fluid-phase C1q or C1 under the conditions tested. Purified C1q-p had no activity
      in the Raji cell immune complex activity. C1q-p activity also was observed in and
      purified from SLE serum; this activity was distinguishable from 7S immune complex
      activity detected by Raji cells which was also present in SLE serum. These
      studies indicate that C1q-p is a 7S IgG molecule found in HVUS as well as some
      SLE sera and has activity in C1q-binding but not in Raji cell-binding immune
      complex assays. These data also suggest that C1q-p is a monomeric, polyclonal IgG
      with preferential affinity for bound C1q. In addition to its potential role in
      immune complex disease, C1q-p may also provide an important tool for studying the
      interaction of immunoglobulin and C1q, and should contribute important
      information to understanding the pathobiology of immune complex disease.

PMID- 6375257
TI  - Generation of the classical pathway C3 convertase (EAC4b2a) by proteolytic
      enzymes.
AB  - The formation of EAC 4b2a is a two step reaction: first, the temperature- and
      time-independent binding of C2 to EAC4b2a resulting in EAC4b2 , secondly, the
      enzymatically triggered conversion of EAC4b2 to EAC4b2a . In the classical
      cascade of complement activation, the generation of C3 convertase activity is
      triggered by the C1 esterase, C1-s, which is part of C-1. Evidence is presented
      that the enzymes trypsin, chymotrypsin, plasmin, and pronase are also able to
      activate EAC4b2 to EAC4b2a . Kinetic studies showed that the formation of C3
      convertase by these enzymes was dependent on concentration, temperature, and
      time. The optimal conditions were found as follows: trypsin, 2 micrograms/ml
      (final conc.) for 8 min at 23 degrees C; chymotrypsin 165 micrograms/ml for 18
      min at 23 degrees C; plasmin 0.8 units/ml for 15 min at 23 degrees C; pronase
      1.25 microgram/ml for 15 min at 23 degrees C. Even under optimal (tmax)
      conditions the number of generated EAC4b2a differed from enzyme to enzyme:
      trypsin (= 100%), pronase (58.3%), chymotrypsin (47.9%), and plasmin (12.9%). The
      enzymes were also able to generate C3 convertase activity from C2 which was
      adsorbed to EAC1i4b , a C1 inactivator treated and therefore hemolytically
      inactive intermediate ( EAC1i4b2 ). These findings underline the biological
      importance of C1 esterase replacing enzymes.

PMID- 6375258
TI  - Naloxone-ethanol interaction in experimental and clinical situations.
AB  - The effect of naloxone on ethanol-induced impairment of psychomotor performance
      was studied in a series of three placebo-controlled, double-blind trials. In all
      trials, two successive intravenous injections of naloxone (0.4 and 2.0 mg) were
      given at an interval of 0.5-1.5 hours. Cross-over trials with healthy volunteers
      (n = 17) were performed in laboratory. In these conditions, naloxone alone had no
      effect on performance. Ethanol alone (1.0 and 1.5 g/kg) dose-dependently induced
      nystagmus and impaired coordination, reactions, hand cooperation, body balance,
      flicker discrimination and extraocular muscle balance. When naloxone was given
      after ethanol, the first injection reduced slightly but significantly ethanol
      induced (1.5 g/kg) nystagmus, while the second injection did not enhance this
      counteraction any more. Other alcohol effects were not significantly antagonized
      by naloxone. The clinical part of the study, consisting of parallel groups of
      either naloxone (n = 11) or saline (n = 7) -treated alcohol-intoxicated (mean
      blood alcohol concentration 2.9 mg/ml) out-patients, most of them alcoholics,
      showed that no counteraction of alcohol inebriation (measured by clinical
      inebriation tests) was associated with the treatment with naloxone in the
      clinical situation either. Our results suggest that naloxone has no clinical
      significance in antagonizing ethanol intoxication. The inebriating effects of
      ethanol are not importantly mediated via central opioid mechanisms.

PMID- 6375259
TI  - A study on the mutagenic effect of some Bulgarian drugs using the
      Salmonella/microsome test.
AB  - It has been shown that mixtures of phenobarbital and 3- methylcholantrene may be
      used in the Salmonella/microsome test as inductors of the S9 liver fraction,
      instead of "Aroclor 1254". The Salmonella/microsome method has been used to study
      the mutagenic action of Flatogel (2.5% polymethylsyloxanum activatum and 2%
      ethylium -p- aminobenzoicum , suspended in sorbitol-balanced gel of aluminum
      hydroxidatum and magnesium hydroxidatum ), Nitrolong (2,2-bis/hydroxymethyl/-1,3-
      propandioltetranitrate ) and Cymethidine (N-cyano-N'-methyl-N"/2-/5-methyl-4
      imidazolyl-methylthio/ethyl/guanidin e). These substances are produced as drugs
      by the Bulgarian chemical and pharmaceutical industry ( PHARMACHIM ). The results
      obtained show that the drugs studied have no mutagenic action, both without and
      with activation with S9 liver fraction isolated from rats treated with "Aroclor
      1254" or combinations of phenobarbital and 3- methylcholantrene .

PMID- 6375260
TI  - Effect of hypothermia on lipolytic processes in blood and adipose tissue of rat.
AB  - Short-lasting hypothermia raises the FFA level in the blood and this rise is
      associated with increased lipid-mobilizing activity and higher lipolytic activity
      of the serum. Raised FFA level and increased lipid-mobilizing activity of the
      serum persist even when the degree of general anaesthesia is sufficient for
      preventing thermogenesis signs (shivering and piloerection) caused by falling
      body temperature. Beta-adrenergic blockade fails to abolish the effect of
      lipolysis activation caused by hypothermia. These observations suggest that
      during hypothermia in the blood of the animals appear factors stimulating
      lipolysis in the adipose tissue. One of these factors may stimulate tissue
      lipolysis independently of beta-adrenergic receptors. Insulin blocks
      significantly lipolytic processes in the adipose tissue of hypothermic animals,
      but its administration is connected with the danger of hypoglycaemia development.

PMID- 6375261
TI  - Metabolic effects of long-term diversion of renal venous blood into the portal
      system.
AB  - In 7 splenectomized dogs a left renal vein-splenic vein anastomosis was performed
      and the right kidney removed. Eighteen to twenty-four months after portalization
      of renal venous blood no significant alterations of liver function tests were
      observed. Long-term diversion of renal venous blood into the liver was followed
      by a slight increase of creatinine and 25-OH-D, a decrease of alpha-amino acid
      nitrogen in blood plasma and of plasma renin activity in peripheral blood, by
      signs of slight carbohydrate intolerance despite hyperinsulinaemia, and a slight
      decrease of erythrocyte count. No influence of this procedure on plasma proteins,
      lipids, electrolytes, aldosterone and cortisol was found. No morphological
      abnormalities in the liver and kidney tissue were found.

PMID- 6375262
TI  - [Influence of selected microorganisms on the content of chemical substances of
      stored therapeutic solutions. VII. Dialysis and hemodialysis fluids--concentrates
      and their solutions-and Serratia marcescens, 6/46 and Candida albicans 505
      strains].

PMID- 6375263
TI  - Bladder capacity, urethral sensation and lumbosacral anomalies in children with
      enuresis.
AB  - Thirty-two children with day and/or night enuresis were examined with urography
      and micturition urethrocystography. They were compared with 139 normal children
      examined 6 weeks or more after a urinary tract infection. Statistically highly
      significant differences in urinary bladder capacity, urethral sensation and
      frequency of lumbosacral anomalies were observed. Only one of 32 patients with
      enuresis was normal in all 3 aspects while 6 exhibited the complete triad.

PMID- 6375264
TI  - Evaluation of the vascular clinical trial program of metrizamide and iohexol.
AB  - The vascular clinical trial programs of the contrast media metrizamide (Amipaque)
      and iohexol ( Omnipaque ), organized by Nyegaard & Co. AS in Northern Europe were
      assessed and compared. The comparison comprised some selected characteristics of
      the programs, self-assessment by the investigators involved in both programs
      (questionnaire) and assessment of the standard of the trial reports (2
      evaluators). It was found that Nyegaard clinical research staff spent in average
      4 1/2 month for one iohexol trial compared with one month for one of metrizamide.
      The reason for this found to be a higher priority, increased regulatory
      requirements and a uniform data pool established for the iohexol program. In
      general, a quality improvement was revealed for the iohexol program over the
      metrizamide program. The 2 evaluators as well as the questioned investigators
      found the reporting standard of the iohexol trials significantly higher (p less
      than or equal to p less than or equal to 0.05) than that of the metrizamide
      trials.

PMID- 6375265
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography in the preoperative evaluation of patients with a
      renal tumor.
AB  - Inguinal intravenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed in 14
      patients referred for preoperative evaluation of a renal tumor previously
      diagnosed by CT and ultrasound. Conventional cavography and aortography were used
      as reference methods for comparison. Both DSA and conventional angiography were
      carried out following selective arterial injection to the abnormal kidney. The
      diagnostic value of DSA in examination of the inferior vena cava was generally
      comparable to that of conventional cavography. Intravenous aortography was
      unsuccessful in 2 patients due to motion artifacts. In all other patients, the
      information provided by DSA regarding the aorta, renal arteries and renal veins
      was similar to that of conventional aortography. Intrarenal vascular detail,
      however, was far superior on conventional films and was only useful with DSA when
      intra-arterial injection was implemented. In one of the 12 diagnostic
      examinations, localization of the renal mass could not be established by
      intravenous DSA, but was possible in all others. The inguinal approach advocated
      permits simultaneous inferior vena cavography and intravenous aortography with
      one single injection of contrast medium; the method is less traumatic than
      aortography , and does not require hospitalization of the patient. DSA may also
      be of value in those cases still requiring selective catheterization of the renal
      arteries, i.e. for angiotherapy . Intra-arterial DSA then allows reduction of the
      amount of contrast medium and a rapid processing of the images without detriment
      to the quality of the examination.

PMID- 6375266
TI  - Radiography of healing dialysis osteodystrophy.
AB  - Characteristic skeletal changes of dialysis bone disease associated with multiple
      fractures were found in ten patients on prolonged regular (high aluminium)
      haemodialysis. A subsequent prospective investigation with serial radiography
      demonstrated healing approximately twelve months after a changed treatment
      regime. The treatment used was deionized or reverse osmosis water dialysis and
      renal transplantation. The typical osteomalacic and osteosclerotic changes and
      particularly metaphyseal sclerosis were found to be associated with more rapid
      clinical healing, whereas secondary hyperparathyroidism indicated delayed
      healing. It is suggested that plasma aluminium imbalance may lead to disturbance
      of bone formation with fractures, while healing is associated with normal serum
      aluminium levels and is manifested radiologically by osteosclerosis, particularly
      in the metaphyses.

PMID- 6375267
TI  - Intrarenal backflow during retrograde pyelography following kidney
      transplantation.
AB  - At the transplantation center of Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen, retrograde
      pyelography is routinely performed via a ureteral catheter inserted during the
      operation. Ninety-nine retrograde pyelographies performed within the first days
      after renal transplantation were reviewed. The clinical records of 30 additional
      patients who had not been subjected to pyelography were also reviewed. Intrarenal
      backflow (IRB) was seen in 14 per cent of the pyelograms. Upper urinary tract
      obstruction (29 cases) was observed with equal frequency in the groups with and
      without IRB. No relationship was observed between IRB and length of warm and cold
      ischemia of the graft, urinary tract infection (UTI), donor kidney age and graft
      function on the day of retrograde pyelography. In 40 per cent of the grafts with
      irreversible rejection within 60 days after transplantation IRB was found at
      pyelography in the first days after operation. IRB occurred in only 5 per cent of
      the kidneys with good long term function. Most frequently IRB was localized to
      the upper pole but was also observed in other parts of the kidney. IRB may be an
      early radiographic sign of an impending and irreversible graft rejection. There
      was no evidence that retrograde pyelography increased the frequency of UTI or the
      number of episodes of irreversible rejection.

PMID- 6375268
TI  - Production of a macromomycin (MCR)-monoclonal antibody conjugate and its
      biological activity.
AB  - Macromomycin (MCR), an unique membrane-reactive anticancer antibiotic, was
      incubated with murine monoclonal anti-HLA IgG1 antibody (H-1) in the presence of
      carbodiimide. The resulting mixture was fractionated with a Sephadex G-200
      column. The first and second fractions were shown to contain MCR-(H-1) conjugate
      by the elution profile, as well as by the Sarcina lutea growth inhibition assay
      and Ouchterlony double-diffusion method. A membrane immunofluorescence test with
      anti-MCR and anti-mouse IgG antibodies demonstrated specific localization of MCR
      (H-1) on the surface of HLA-bearing NALL -1 cells. MCR-(H-1) inhibited the growth
      of HLA-lacking NS-1 cells statistically less effectively than MCR alone (p less
      than 0.01). On the other hand, the conjugate and free MCR equally inhibited the
      growth and 3H-TdR incorporation of HLA-bearing NALL -1 cells. These results
      indicate that the antibody-bound MCR retained both MCR and antibody activities,
      and thus exerted antibody-targeting MCR cytotoxicity in vitro.

PMID- 6375269
TI  - Immunohistochemical demonstration of lysozyme in normal, reactive and neoplastic
      cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system.
AB  - Using the peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) method, lysozyme (LZM) was shown to
      exist in normal, reactive and neoplastic cells belonging to the mononuclear
      phagocyte system (MPS), but was not detected in histiocytosis X cells.
      Immunostaining for cytoplasmic LZM by the PAP method is useful for identification
      of mononuclear phagocytes and for diagnosis of the diseases in which these cells
      participate.

PMID- 6375270
TI  - Prostacyclin and thromboxane in cerebral vasospasm: effects of prostacyclin on
      experimentally-induced cerebral vasospasm.
AB  - The basilar artery was exposed transclivally , and a vascular spasm was produced
      by topical application of a lysed erythrocyte solution. The maximum fall in the
      mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) after administering of 2 micrograms/ kgBW and
      15 micrograms/ kgBW of PGI2, ranged from 35 to 45 mmHg and from 65 to 85 mmHg,
      respectively. The drop in MABP after an injection of papaverine hydrochloride
      (1.5 mg/ kgBW ) was between 30 and 40 mmHg. If MABP did not fall, the vessel
      diameter did not change. Although papaverine elicited marked dilation of both
      normal and spastic basilar arteries, PGI2 did not dilate normal basilar arteries
      and produced only a slight dilation of spastic basilar arteries. Subarachnoid
      hemorrhage (SAH) was simulated by an intracisternal injection of fresh autologous
      arterial blood 3 days prior to experimentation. Changes in regional cerebral
      blood flow (rCBF) were measured by the heat clearance method, before and after an
      intravenous administration of either PGI2 or papaverine hydrochloride. Changes in
      rCBF fell into 3 categories: Type A, no change; Type B, a change which varied
      with the arterial blood pressure, and Type C, an increase rCBF despite systemic
      hypotension. Type A or B was observed in 17 out of 19 cats with SAH in which PGI2
      was administered intravenously, and Type C was observed in only 2 cats. Thirteen
      untreated control cats produced a Type A or B response in 12, and Type C response
      in only one cat. There were no significant differences between the control and
      SAH groups. When 15-hydroperoxy-5, 8, 11, 13-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HPETE) was
      infused, the same results prevailed. Papaverine hydrochloride increased rCBF
      either transiently or continuously in all cats. These results suggest that PGI2
      dilates extracranial rather than intracranial vessels regardless of the presence
      or absence of cerebral vasospasm.

PMID- 6375271
TI  - [Oxygen radicals in biology].

PMID- 6375272
TI  - Stress and catecholamines.

PMID- 6375273
TI  - Heparin-induced increase in serum levels of aminotranferases. A controlled
      clinical trial.
AB  - Sixty-four patients over the age of 40 years, undergoing elective surgery of at
      least one hour's duration, were randomized to treatment with either a
      thromboembolic deterrent ( TED ) stocking (Kendall Co.) or subcutaneous low-dose
      heparin 5 000 IU every 12 hours. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (S
      ALAT), aspartate aminotransferase (S-ASAT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (S
      gamma-GT) and alkaline phosphatase (S-ALP) were measured. S-ALAT increased
      significantly on the 5th and 10th postoperative day, from 27 +/- 2 (x +/- SE) to
      40 +/- 4 (p less than 0.01) and 55 +/- 7 U/l (p less than 0.001), respectively,
      in the heparin group and was significantly higher in the heparin than in the TED
      group both on the 5th (p less than 0.01) and 10th (p less than 0.05)
      postoperative day. S-ASAT and S-gamma-GT increased significantly during heparin
      treatment, but did not differ significantly from the values of the TED group. No
      change in S-ALP was registered in either group. It is concluded that prophylactic
      treatment with low-dose heparin induces a significant increase in S
      aminotransferase levels, especially in S-ALAT. The phenomenon has profound
      differential diagnostic implications in conditions such as pulmonary embolism and
      acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6375274
TI  - Analgetic treatment in acute myocardial infarction. A controlled clinical
      comparison of morphine, nicomorphine and pethidine.
AB  - In a randomized double-blind study with flexible dosage, morphine, nicomorphine
      and pethidine were compared with regard to analgetic effect, dose requirements,
      dose intervals and adverse reactions. A total of 275 patients were included, and
      28 patients were excluded due to adverse reactions (n = 16) and for practical
      reasons, etc. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was diagnosed in about 60% of the
      patients, and about 30% had ischemic heart disease without AMI. All three
      analgesics provided equally efficient pain relief in relative doses of morphine
      10, nicomorphine 10 and pethidine 75 mg/ml. Severe adverse reactions were few
      (allergy 3 cases, respiratory insufficiency 4, severe bradycardia 4), whereas
      nausea was recorded in 20-30%, vomiting in 5-15% and dizziness in 10-30% of the
      patients, with no difference between the three drugs. Significant blood pressure
      drop (greater than 30 mmHg) was seen in 3-8% of the patients, with no significant
      differences between the drugs.

PMID- 6375275
TI  - Preoperative diagnosis of renovascular hypertension. The use of acute stimulation
      of renin secretion.
AB  - The gain in the diagnostic power of the routine preoperative bilateral renal vein
      renin investigation by the inclusion of an acute stimulation of renin release was
      studied in 25 hypertensive patients with fibromuscular (FMD) and 44 with
      arteriosclerotic (AS) renovascular disease. Nine FMD and 17 AS patients had renal
      vein renin ratios greater than or equal to 1.50 under unstimulated conditions. Of
      these 26 patients, 8 in each group improved after surgical treatment. Among the
      14 FMD and 24 AS patients with ratios less than 1.50, another 9 FMD and 7 AS
      patients improved after operation. After acute stimulation of renin release, no
      less than 18 FMD and 26 AS patients had a unilateral renin secretion from the
      diseased kidney and of these, 14 FMD and 14 AS patients were successfully treated
      with operation of the stenosis. Thus the stimulation was necessary for correct
      preoperative diagnosis in 38% of 32 successfully operated patients, and at the
      same time the predictive value of a negative test increased from 0.58 to 0.80. It
      is concluded that acute stimulation of renin release greatly improves the
      diagnostic power of the renal vein renin investigation in renovascular
      hypertension.

PMID- 6375276
TI  - Thiazide prophylaxis of urolithiasis. A double-blind study in general practice.
AB  - Fifty recurrent stone formers were included in a double-blind randomized study
      (median 3 years) performed in a Norwegian general practice to compare twice daily
      administration of 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide versus placebo. The number of
      patients with new stones was significantly higher in the placebo group than in
      the thiazide group (p = 0.05, one-tailed test). If a new stone was formed,
      thiazide, but not placebo, had the effect of prolonging the stone-free interval
      (p less than or equal to 0.01). The probability of not forming a new stone during
      the treatment period was 45% for the placebo group and 75% for the thiazide
      group. The thiazide effect seemed to be independent of urinary calcium, but was
      less beneficial in patients with hyperuricosuria. The placebo group also showed a
      substantial decrease in the expected number of new stones (p less than or equal
      to 0.01), emphasizing the importance of an adequate control group.

PMID- 6375277
TI  - Effect of acute and long-term beta-adrenergic blockade with alprenolol in
      definite or suspected myocardial infarction. Salvage of ischaemic myocardium by
      alprenolol.

PMID- 6375278
TI  - Prophylactic effect of alprenolol on ventricular tachyarrhythmias during the in
      patient phase of acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6375279
TI  - Effect of acute and long-term beta-adrenergic blockade with alprenolol in
      definite or suspected myocardial infarction. Background and aims of the study.

PMID- 6375280
TI  - Short-term and long-term tolerance to beta-blockade with alprenolol in patients
      admitted for a suspected acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6375281
TI  - Effect of acute and long-term beta-adrenergic blockade with alprenolol in
      definite or suspected myocardial infarction. Causes of death and post-mortem
      findings with special reference to early deaths.

PMID- 6375282
TI  - Use of alprenolol in the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6375283
TI  - Effect of acute and long-term beta-adrenergic blockade with alprenolol in
      definite or suspected myocardial infarction. Study design, patient
      characteristics and conduct of the study.

PMID- 6375284
TI  - Effects of verapamil in hypertensive patients.
AB  - In fifteen patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension verapamil reduced
      systolic as well as diastolic blood pressure by virtue of a decrease in total
      peripheral vascular resistance. Renal vascular resistance also fell, but renal
      perfusion was well maintained. Although levels of renin and angiotensin II
      remained unchanged, aldosterone levels fell significantly. Noradrenaline levels
      rose slightly, but changes were not significant. On the other hand adrenaline was
      significantly reduced. Renal sodium excretion was markedly enhanced, perhaps
      secondary to aldosterone suppression. Despite sodium loss, plasma volume
      increased suggesting that verapamil not only lowers arterial but also venous
      resistance.

PMID- 6375285
TI  - Influence of verapamil on glucose tolerance.
AB  - Verapamil has previously been found to inhibit insulin release from pancreatic
      beta-cells in laboratory animals. In our department, however, both oral
      pretreatment with verapamil for one week and a 3-hour iv infusion of the drug
      improved the tolerance to oral glucose in type II diabetics without affecting
      insulin release. It failed, however, to potentiate the hypoglycaemic effect of
      oral glibenclamide therapy in patients with type II diabetes. Since iv infusion
      of verapamil left the portal vein glucose response to glucose ingestion
      unaffected in normoglycaemic patients (being portal vein catheterised for
      diagnostic purposes), it seems unlikely that the hypoglycaemic effect of
      verapamil could have been due to reduced glucose absorption from the gut. More
      likely is that verapamil, in the diabetic patients, influenced metabolic
      processes inside the hepatocytes that are of importance for glucose homeostasis.
      In-vitro experiments have shown that calcium affects factors of importance for
      the glucose metabolism. Accordingly, calcium triggers the stimulus-secretion
      coupling process which leads to insulin release from the pancreatic beta-cells
      (1). Calcium also tightens cell membranes, thereby decreasing their permeability
      to various substances, including glucose (2). Finally, calcium mediates cellular
      responses to glucagon stimulation (3,4) and thus affects the hepatic glucose
      output. Calcium apparently influences glucose metabolism by several pathways and
      different overall effects on the blood glucose concentration may be forthcoming
      depending on which of these pathways is the dominating one.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6375286
TI  - Serum lipoproteins after treatment with verapamil for 6 months.
AB  - Fasting levels of serum lipids and lipoproteins were measured in survivors of
      acute myocardial infarction after 6 months of treatment with placebo (n = 19) or
      verapamil 360 mg daily (n = 13). There were no significant differences between
      the groups and values had not changed in the verapamil group 2 weeks after
      cessation of treatment.

PMID- 6375287
TI  - A simple three-dimensional display model based on recorded CT scan films for
      surgical reference technical note.
AB  - A simple method of making a three-dimensional display model of recorded
      computerized tomography (CT) scan films is presented. The reconstructed display
      model provides useful information as to surgical approaches to intracranial mass
      lesions. The actual size and three dimensional shape of a lesion and its
      topographical relationship to surrounding brain structures are easily grasped by
      directly handling this model.

PMID- 6375289
TI  - Advances in stereotactic and functional neurosurgery 6. Proceedings of the 6th
      meeting of the European Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery,
      Rome 1983.

PMID- 6375288
TI  - Stereotactic CT scan applied to stereotactic thalamotomy and biopsy.
AB  - A stereotactic method to visualize deep subcortical structures through which the
      electrode would pass intraoperatively is described in detail. The procedures are:
      Approximation of the tentative target point in the lateral craniogram according
      to some craniometric data. Determination of the invading route and its transfer
      to the patient's scalp. CT scanning by a new generation scanner to distinguish
      between gray and white matter along the predetermined plane. Intraoperative
      adjustment of the electrode to the predetermined CT image and error correction.
      Verification by recording electrical activities in subcortical tissue. This
      simple method would be of great benefit for the accurate and safe performance of
      stereotactic thalamotomy and biopsy.

PMID- 6375290
TI  - Morphologic evaluation of stereotactic brain tumour biopsies.
AB  - The validity of morphologic diagnosis of stereotactic brain tumour biopsies was
      evaluated in a series of 600 patients treated since 1977 at the University
      Hospital, Freiburg. Combined cytological (smear preparations) and histological
      examination of paraffin-embedded samples revealed the tumour type and approximate
      grading in 492 (82%) of cases. In 66 patients a clinically suspected neoplasm
      could be ruled out. In the remaining 42 cases (7%), the presence of a tumour was
      confirmed but the available samples did not allow an unequivocal classification
      of the neoplasm. Inaccurate diagnoses were most frequently due to sampling errors
      in non-homogeneous tumours, i.e. biopsies taken from sites not representative for
      the entire neoplasm (tumour necroses, infiltration zone). In the future, the use
      of immunohistochemical methods for the identification of tumour markers and
      cytoskeleton proteins may partially compensate for the limited size of
      stereotactic biopsy samples.

PMID- 6375291
TI  - Cerebral tumours. 1. Stereotactic biopsy.

PMID- 6375292
TI  - Cerebral tumors. 2. Stereotactic focal irradiation.

PMID- 6375293
TI  - The epidemiology of diet and cancer.

PMID- 6375294
TI  - Chromosomal location of immunoglobulin genes: partial mapping of these genes in
      the rabbit and comparison with Ig genes carrying chromosomes of man and mouse.

PMID- 6375295
TI  - Pathological principles involved in regression of atherosclerosis.
AB  - The view is advanced that regression of atherosclerosis depends on normal
      pathological principles, namely the process of organization. On account of the
      hypoxic milieu of the arterial wall and lack of capillary ingrowths into it, the
      hypoxia-resistant arterial smooth muscle cell subserves the functions of both
      phagocyte and fibroblast in organization. The proliferation of smooth muscle in
      atherosclerosis is, thus, attributed to a variant of a basic pathological
      mechanism, and does not require more a complex explanation, such as the action of
      a somatotropin, mitogen or mutagen. Moderate dilatation of the arterial wall,
      caused by the basic pathological mechanisms of either atrophy or hypertrophy
      would, within definite limits, offset inward encroachment by atherosclerosis and,
      thus, could constitute another type of regression, or at least a failure of lumen
      calibre to get worse.

PMID- 6375296
TI  - Regression of coronary atherosclerosis in man.

PMID- 6375297
TI  - Ultrastructural features of healing and scarring of experimental atheroma.

PMID- 6375299
TI  - Facilitated diffusion of oxygen: possible significance in blood and muscle.

PMID- 6375298
TI  - Regulation of microflow in the cat brain during insulin induced hypoglycemia.

PMID- 6375300
TI  - Retinal oxygen tension in diabetic dogs following insulin infusion.
AB  - We measured preretinal oxygen tensions using a microelectrode in dogs made
      diabetic with alloxan. The intravenous administration of insulin did not affect
      preretinal oxygen tension over the two hours it could be continuously accurately
      measured. Furthermore, the oxygen-hemoglobin equilibrium curves measured before
      and two hours after insulin administration did not change.

PMID- 6375301
TI  - Intermediate size filaments and microfilaments in frog mesenteric capillaries.
AB  - Intermediate size filaments of mesenchymal origin in endothelial cells as well as
      tonofilaments could be identified by immunofluorescence. Both types of filaments
      form bundles which run in parallel to the main capillary axis. Filamentous actin
      could also be detected by this technique. The immunofluorescence of f-actin forms
      patch-like arrays irregularly distributed along the capillary and striated arrays
      which are oriented in some cases in parallel to the main capillary axis.

PMID- 6375302
TI  - The cloning, isolation and characterization of a biologically active human
      enzyme, urokinase, in E. coli.
AB  - We have cloned double-stranded cDNA copies of plasminogen activator messenger RNA
      isolated from human fetal kidney cells. Some of the clones express protein of
      discrete sizes ranging from 32,000 to 150,000 daltons. These products possess
      antigenic determinants related to human plasminogen activator from kidney cells,
      bind to an affinity column specific for serine protease and activate human
      plasminogen to dissolve fibrin clots.

PMID- 6375303
TI  - Long-term persistance in experimental animals of components of skin-equivalent
      grafts fabricated in the laboratory.

PMID- 6375304
TI  - Use of cell culture to identify human precancer.
AB  - In the United States, colon cancer is the most common form of internal cancer in
      both sexes. Prevention of the disease depends on early diagnosis of polyps or pre
      cancerous lesions. The response of normal human colon fibroblasts ( CRL1459 ) was
      used to identify individuals with clinical pre-cancer. Their plasma induced
      transformation associated morphology characterized by the retraction of cellular
      processes, cell rounding and eventual detachment from the vessel surface. Those
      plasma samples which induced a transformation associated morphology contained
      significantly increased levels of protease as shown by casein hydrolysis (Bio
      Rad, CA). We are using hyperproteinasemia as a biomarker to identify individuals
      with polyps who have hereditary adenomatosis of the colon and rectum (ACR). We
      are currently evaluating cell cultures versus biochemical assays as a means for
      early detection of precancerous tumors in the general population. The findings of
      a tumor associated protease in clinical precancer, and its effect on cell
      cultures support our proposal that protease activity promotes tumor progression
      in ACR and may represent the gene defect in this hereditary disease.

PMID- 6375305
TI  - Site differences in human subcutaneous adipose tissue metabolism in obesity.
AB  - The results of several recent studies indicate that there are regional
      differences in the metabolism of subcutaneous fatty depots in obesity. Fat cells
      are larger in the femoral than in the abdominal region. Lipids are mobilized at a
      slower rate but synthesized at a higher rate in the former than the latter
      region. Fasting is accompanied by an increased rate of fat mobilization and a
      decreased rate of fat synthesis in all fat depots. These changes are, however,
      more pronounced in abdominal than in femoral fat. There are also regional
      differences in the hormonal regulation of fat metabolism in obesity. The action
      of insulin is most pronounced in the femoral region whereas that of
      catecholamines is most marked in the abdominal area. The regional differences in
      hormone action are further enhanced during therapeutic fasting. These differences
      may partly explain why adiposity is more catching in some fatty regions than in
      others and also why some obese areas are resistant to slimming.

PMID- 6375306
TI  - Properties of a high molecular weight neutrophil chemotactic factor, possibly
      derived from mast cells: evidence for chemokinetic rather than chemotactic
      activity.
AB  - Kay and his colleagues [1] have suggested that the neutrophil high molecular
      weight chemotactic factor ( NCF ) found in the serum of patients suffering from a
      variety of allergic diseases is mainly derived from mast cells and is therefore
      an indicator of mast cell activation. We have studied some of the properties of
      NCF obtained from patients with atopic extrinsic asthma and compared it with N
      formyl-1-methionyl-1-leucyl-1-phenyl-alanine (FMLP), a chemotactic peptide [2]. A
      number of differences between FMLP and NCF were observed. In contrast to FMLP,
      checkerboard analysis showed that NCF caused random migration of neutrophils. In
      addition microscopic analysis of neutrophil locomotion in response to FMLP
      demonstrated the characteristic pseudopod formation. Furthermore, it was found
      that in contrast to FMLP, NCF did not cause the release of lysosomal enzymes from
      cytochalasin B-treated neutrophils. These results suggest that NCF has
      chemokinetic rather than chemotactic properties.

PMID- 6375307
TI  - [Surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension with special reference to the
      indications for reconstructive surgery].
AB  - Based on the retrospective analysis of 38 cases of renovascular hypertension
      treated by surgical intervention, the following indications are proposed for
      arterial reconstructive surgery: younger age of patient, short duration of
      hypertension, renin-mediated hypertension and extent and functional significance
      of the obstructing arterial lesion, favorable level of renal function in the
      affected side, and renal function threatened by advanced progressive vascular
      disease, surgically correctable lesion, and focal, unilateral renal arterial
      atherosclerosis without generalized atherosclerosis, good surgical risk, and
      hypertension not responding to medical treatment. Although the clinical use of
      the angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor and induction of percutaneous
      transluminal angioplasty can provide a new approach to non-surgical treatment for
      renovascular hypertension, the long-term use of antihypertensive drugs induces
      gradual decrease in renal function. Surgical treatment is best reserved for the
      patient on whom the available data meet the above criteria for vascular surgery.

PMID- 6375308
TI  - [A case of amyloidosis of the ureter].
AB  - This is a case report of a localized amyloidosis of the ureter presented with
      gross hematuria. Amyloidosis of the ureter is a rare entity and 21 cases have
      been collected from the Japanese and English literature. It is believed to be
      difficult to diagnose before surgery and almost all the cases were treated by
      nephrectomy. After malignancy was denied, autotransplantation combined with psoas
      hitch procedure was carried out in order to preserve the kidney. This is the
      second case of ureter amyloidosis treated by autotransplantation. Amyloidosis was
      confirmed with Congo red stain and electronmicroscopy of which characteristics is
      discussed in detail.

PMID- 6375309
TI  - [Biochemistry of occupational bladder cancer].
AB  - We herein discuss the biochemistry of occupational urinary tract cancer, by
      reviewing the history of occupational aromatic amine cancer, experimental
      production of aromatic amine cancers and aromatic amine double cancer.

PMID- 6375310
TI  - [Chemotherapy for bacterial infections in renal transplantation and recent
      antibacterial agents].
AB  - Intraoperative wound infection and postoperative pulmonary and urinary tract
      infections are the major problems that face the transplant surgeon today. These
      infections are the major cause of the mortality after renal transplantation.
      Almost any microorganism could be causative. But, in this paper, only bacterial
      infections will be discussed. Prophylaxis of intraoperative infection is the same
      as that used for general surgery. In addition, one of the major defects in the
      recipient is defective renal function, resulting in general weakness. The use of
      broad-spectrum antibacterial agents (eg, cefmetazole etc.), effective against
      many different bacteria from gram-positive cocci to gram negative rods,
      administered to these patients will produce dramatic results. Aminoglycosides are
      nephrotoxic and should not be given to the patients having renal failure.
      Piperacillin or the third generational cephems (ceftizoxime, latamoxef ,
      cefotaxime, cefmenoxime, ceftriaxon and ceftazidime) are the drugs of choice for
      postoperative infections, especially for urinary tract infections. Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa should be treated with cefsulodin, cefoperazone, or cefpiramide by the
      intravenous route. After chemotherapeutic and antibiotic therapy sterilizes the
      urine, this should be followed by suppressive therapy with quinolone- carboxylic
      acid (pipemidic acid, norfloxacin, enoxacin and DL-8280), combinations of
      sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, sulfonamides, or fosfomycin for many weeks or
      months. In chronic antimicrobial suppression treatment, half-doses should be
      given at bedtime.

PMID- 6375311
TI  - [Studies on hormone-polymer composites in urological field--their application in
      prostatic cancer therapy].
AB  - Our studies on the application of hormone-polymer composites in urological field
      are discussed in this review. We first studied the modes of in vivo and in vitro
      release of testosterone from vinyl polymer-testosterone composites prepared by
      radiation-induced polymerization. It was ascertained by our group that in vivo
      and in vitro release of testosterone from biodegradable copolypeptide 
      testosterone composites as well as vinyl polymer composites was well controlled.
      Using this system, we were successful in preparing a testicular prosthesis, which
      was made of vinyl polymer-testosterone composites and was ascertained to release
      testosterone constantly for a long period in the dose range of clinical usage. We
      also applied this sustained release drug delivery system to the method of
      administration of an LH x RH agonist, which was one of the best therapeutic drugs
      for androgen dependent prostatic cancer. Sustained release of the LH x RH agonist
      in the dose range of clinical usage over a period of several months from
      copolymer-LH x RH agonist composites was confirmed in both male rats and in
      prostatic cancer patients. Prostatic cancer cells contain a major secretion
      protein (alpha-protein or estramustine-binding protein) and estramustine has a
      high affinity for alpha-protein. Therefore, we examined the effect of an
      estramustine-microsphere containing anticancer drugs, namely, the missile therapy
      for prostatic cancer. The missile therapy should open the way to specific and
      selective chemotherapy for prostatic cancer.

PMID- 6375312
TI  - [Assessment of urinary ferritin, CEA and beta 2-MG determinations in patients
      with urinary tract malignancies].
AB  - Ferritin, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG)
      levels in urine from 45 patients with cancer (4 with renal adenocarcinoma, 7 with
      renal pelvic and ureteral cancer and 34 with bladder cancer) at various stages
      were clinically evaluated for their significance as parameter of urinary tract
      malignancies as compared to urinary fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP)
      and urine cytology. Ferritin levels for the poorly-differentiated and advanced
      stage groups were higher than those for the well-differentiated and early stage
      groups, and were especially high in 5 of the 7 patients with renal pelvic and
      ureteral cancer and all of the 7 patients with bladder cancer involving the upper
      urinary tract. These data suggest that determination of urinary ferritin is
      useful in the detection of urinary tract cancer involving the upper urinary
      tract. The upper limits of CEA levels were determined respectively according to
      white blood cell counts in urine. Although, CEA levels were elevated in the
      poorly-differentiated group and the advanced stage group compared to the well
      differentiated and early stage groups, the values were positive in only 12 out of
      52 cases (23.1%). These values seemed to be low compared to other reports. beta 2
      MG levels increased significantly in the poorly-differentiated and advanced stage
      groups. However, most cases in the above groups were complicated with
      pyelonephritis or renal impairment. It is suggested that the urinary beta 2-MG
      secretion from cancer itself is not so significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6375313
TI  - [Assessment of serum ferritin, CEA, beta 2-MG and PAP determinations in patients
      with urinary tract malignancies].
AB  - Ferritin, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG) and
      prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) levels in serum from 77 patients with cancer (6
      with renal adenocarcinoma, 9 with renal pelvic and ureteral cancer, 29 with
      bladder cancer and 33 with prostatic cancer) at various stages were clinically
      evaluated for their significance as a parameter of urinary tract malignancies.
      Although, ferritin, CEA and beta 2-MG levels in the poorly-differentiated and
      advanced stage groups of renal adenocarcinoma, renal pelvic and ureteral cancer,
      and bladder cancer were higher than those in the well-differentiated and early
      stage groups, those in most cases were within normal ranges. These proteins were
      not considered suitable for the screening test. Ferritin and beta 2-MG levels
      increased with advancement of the performance status (P.S.) proposed by Koyama
      and Saito; however, the latter was affected greatly by renal impairment. In
      prostatic cancer, PAP and ferritin levels were remarkably high in the poorly
      differentiated group (PAP mean +/- S.E.: 57.6 +/- 22.5 ng/ml, ferritin 883 +/-
      319 ng/ml) and the advanced stage group (27.2 +/- 10.5 ng/ml, 398 +/- 152 ng/ml)
      compared to the well-differentiated group (7.87 +/- 3.61 ng/ml, 88.5 +/- 25.8
      ng/ml) and the early stage group (2.24 +/- 0.54 ng/ml, 186 +/- 91.7 ng/ml). PAP
      and ferritin levels of the untreated cases were positive in 10 out of 18 cases
      (55.6%) and 7 out of 18 cases (38.9%), respectively, and those of the relapsing
      cases were positive in 4 out of 7 cases (57.1%) and 6 out of 7 cases (85.7%),
      respectively. However, CEA and beta 2-MG levels were negative in most cases.
      Furthermore, increments of PAP and ferritin levels, especially that of the
      ferritin level, were significantly related to advancement of P.S., and high
      ferritin levels were obtained in all cases of P.S. 3 and 4. Therefore,
      determination of PAP and ferritin seems to be useful in monitoring prostatic
      cancer, and the latter to be useful in early detection of relapsing cases.

PMID- 6375314
TI  - [Treatment of infection stones. I. Dissolution of experimental infection stones
      in rats].
AB  - The in vivo solubility of struvite stones experimentally induced in rats was
      investigated. The struvite stones implanted into bladders of normal rats were
      reduced in weight; and, they were dissolved by oral administration of ammonium
      chloride. Cefmetazone cured pyelonephritis and dissolved the bladder stones when
      it was administered to rats with urinary tract infection caused by Proteus
      mirabilis. Normalization of urine by antibiotics and acidifying agents may
      dissolve struvite stones, and help treat infection stones.

PMID- 6375315
TI  - [Prevention of infected urinary stones by urease inhibitor. IV. Treatment of
      infection stones in rats by a new hydroxamic acid and cefalexin].
AB  - We investigated the combined effectiveness of a new urease inhibitor, N-(
      pivaroyl ) glycinohydroxamic acid, with Cefalexin in the treatment of infection
      stones in rats. Combination therapy with the hydroxamic acid and Cefalexin
      inhibited bladder stone formation, and dissolved the stone dose dependently,
      while separate therapy was not significantly effective against stone formation or
      bacterial growth. This compound may become a useful medicine for the treatment of
      infection stones.

PMID- 6375316
TI  - [Double-blind comparative clinical study of cefpiramide (SM-1652) and cefsulodin
      on complicated urinary tract infections due to P. aeruginosa].
AB  - The therapeutic efficacy and safety of Cefpiramide (CPM, SM-1652) at a 2 g/day
      dose were objectively compared with those of Cefsulodin (CFS) at a 2 g/day dose
      in patients with chronic complicated urinary tract infections (UTI) by P.
      aeruginosa in a double-blind study at 46 institutions in Japan. The results are
      as follows: The therapeutic efficacy was analyzed in 254 patients (136 cases
      administered CPM and 118 cases administered CFS) after excluding 20 cases as drop
      out. Among 254 cases, the number of patients with infection of P. aeruginosa was
      190 cases (100 cases administered CPM and 90 cases administered CFS), while that
      with infection of organisms other than P. aeruginosa was 64 cases (36 cases
      administered CPM and 28 cases administered CFS). By the administration of a 2
      g/day dose for 5 days, the overall clinical effective rate of CPM was
      significantly higher than that of CFS in total patients. When the patients were
      classified into 2 groups with respect to causative organisms (P. aeruginosa and
      others), the clinical effective rate of CPM in patients with infections of P.
      aeruginosa was significantly higher than that of CFS, while the clinical
      effective rate of CPM in patients with infection of other organisms than P.
      aeruginosa was the same as that of CFS. As to the bacteriological effect on
      bacteriuria, the eradication rate of CPM was significantly higher than that of
      CFS not only against all causative organisms but also against P. aeruginosa. The
      rate of replacement by S. faecalis was significantly higher in the CFS-treated
      group than in the CPM-treated group. The same result was obtained on the rate of
      replacement by other organisms. The MIC values of CPM for isolated organisms
      before drug administration were lower than those of CFS. The incidence rates of
      side effects and the abnormal findings of clinical laboratory tests were the same
      for the CPM- and CFS-treated groups. From the results, it was concluded that CPM
      is a useful drug for the treatment of patients with chronic complicated urinary
      tract infections caused by P. aeruginosa.

PMID- 6375317
TI  - [Comparative study on intravenous drip infusion of dibekacin once daily and twice
      daily in treatment of complicated urinary tract infections].
AB  - Dibekacin (DKB) was administered to patients with complicated urinary tract
      infections without any indwelling catheter to evaluate objectively and
      comparatively the efficacy, safety and usefulness of intravenous drip infusion
      once daily and twice daily in a well-controlled study. A 50 mg dose of DKB was
      administered twice a day to group A, and a 100 mg dose was given once a day to
      group B. In both groups the drug was given by 1-hr i.v. infusion for 5
      consecutive days. Drug efficacy was evaluated in 72 (group A: 36, group B: 36) of
      the 83 patients treated, and the safety was evaluated on 81 patients (group A:
      41, group B: 40). There were no significant differences in the background
      characteristics between the two groups. The overall clinical efficacy judged by
      the Committee for Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy was "excellent" in 14% and
      "moderate" in 50% of group A, and "excellent" in 17% and "moderate" in 64% of
      group B, the efficacy being higher for group B than group A, but the difference
      was not statistically significant. The overall drug efficacy rate for each type
      of infection excluding group 2, was slightly higher in group B, but this
      difference was not significant either. The overall clinical efficacy for each
      site of infection, was higher for group B but the differences were not
      significant. The overall clinical efficacy as judged by the attending physicians
      was "excellent" in 17% and "moderate" in 58% of group A, and "excellent" in 25%
      and "moderate" in 61% of group B. The intergroup difference was thus smaller than
      that judged by the Committee. The elimination rates against bacteriuria were 58%
      for both groups A and B, and the decrease rates including "cleared" were 42%
      against pyuria for both groups A and B. Bacteriological evaluation, showed that
      there was no significant difference in the eradication rates, between group A
      (65%) and group B (70%). But the eradication rate for gram-positive bacteria was
      40% in group A and 81% in group B, there being a significant difference (P less
      than 0.05) between them. The evaluation of usefulness gave 44% and 53%
      "satisfactory" rates, respectively, for groups A and B. The results for the
      "average score" were also the same in both groups. There were no side effects in
      any of the 81 patients examined. Abnormal laboratory test values attributed to
      the drug were seen only in 3 and 2 patients in groups A and B, respectively,
      there being no difference between the groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6375319
TI  - Urinary tract infection and blood P1 antigen: preliminary report.
AB  - A clinical study was made on the relationship between the blood type P1 antigen
      and urinary tract infection (UTI). The blood type P1 antigen could be detected in
      3 out of 11 healthy Japanese volunteers (27.2%), and in 54% of the UTI patients
      as a whole. Classified by the type of infection, it could be detected in 3 out of
      4 patients with upper UTI (75%) and in 11 out of 22 patients with lower UTI
      (50%). These incidences were higher than that of healthy volunteers, the
      difference being statistically significant. The relationship between the annual
      frequency of UTI and the positive detection of P1 antigen was examined. The
      patients who had been exposed to UTI twice or more a year proved to have a higher
      detection rate (61%), than the other group of patients, the difference being
      statistically significant. Two of the patients with E. coli detected as a
      clinical isolate proved to have the P1 antigen.

PMID- 6375318
TI  - [Therapeutic effect of Robaveron tablet (KN-7) on neurogenic bladder].
AB  - Therapeutic effect of Robaveron Tablet (KN-7) was studied on 128 patients
      suffering from neurogenic bladder. Robaveron Tablet was administered 6 tablets
      daily for 3 weeks. The effect was evaluated by the residual urine, subjective
      symptoms, cystometric findings, urethral pressure profile and uroflowmetry.
      Remarkable decrease of residual urine was observed regardless of position of
      injury. The pressure amplitude defined as the difference between the maximum
      voiding pressure and the maximum resting pressure increased on any group of
      neurogenic bladder. The effectiveness, rated as moderately improved or better was
      76.9% for brain disorders, 58.3% for upper motor neuron lesion and 75.7% for
      lower motor neuron lesion of spinal injuries, 58.3% for peripheral nervous
      injuries and 100% for others. No remarkable abnormality was observed in the
      results of side effects or clinical laboratory tests.

PMID- 6375320
TI  - C1q-binding immune complexes and other immunological studies in children with
      pulmonary hemosiderosis.
AB  - We report immunological studies performed in 19 sera from 4 children with
      idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH). Circulating C1q binding immune
      complexes (IC) were found in 3/4 of the patients during the acute phase. One
      child showed IC in 4 consecutive crises but they disappeared very rapidly (within
      36 hours). Only one serum was positive after acute crisis. In one patient who had
      2 episodes. IC were never detected. Precipitation with 2% polyethylene glycol did
      not correlate with the C1q binding assay. Pulmonary biopsy was available in just
      one patient and neither immunoglobulins nor complement were found by
      immunofluorescence. IgA, IgM, IgE, C4 or B factor abnormalities were only
      occasionally seen. Antinuclear, anti-reticulin and anti-alveolar basement
      membrane antibody test were always negative. Precipitins against cow's milk
      proteins were not detected. Seric IC could be primary or secondary to macrophage
      blockade by hemosiderin. Even in this case, it is well known that circulating IC
      can perform some immunological actions by interacting with cell receptors or
      releasing active mediators. In the future, the possibility that IC could
      contribute to IPH pathogenesis, or modify the treatment response must be taken
      into account.

PMID- 6375321
TI  - Dr. Joseph D. Heacock, M.D. (1869-1974)--his life and accomplishments in
      medicine.

PMID- 6375322
TI  - Acayatl, ancient Aztec sorcerer.

PMID- 6375323
TI  - The inflammation reduction phase of periodontal therapy: oral hygiene and root
      planing procedures.

PMID- 6375324
TI  - Overview of surgical therapy: an understanding of current concepts.

PMID- 6375325
TI  - The clinical management of periodontal osseous defects.

PMID- 6375326
TI  - Current status of mucogingival surgery.

PMID- 6375327
TI  - Periodontics and orthodontics--coordinating the disciplines for optimal treatment
      planning.

PMID- 6375328
TI  - Human insulin.
AB  - Human insulin may be advantageous for certain subsets of patients, such as those
      with gestational diabetes and those who need insulin only during stress or
      surgery. To date, there is no evidence to support the use of human insulin in
      diabetics who are doing well on older insulin preparations.

PMID- 6375329
TI  - Disparate unloading efficacy of the calcium channel blockers, verapamil and
      nifedipine, on the failing hypertensive left ventricle.
AB  - Calcium channel blockers reduce arterial smooth muscle tone and lower blood
      pressure. They may be regarded as left ventricular (LV) unloading agents. LV
      unloading efficacy of nifedipine (15 patients) and verapamil (14 patients) was
      tested in hypertensive decompensated patients, during a 1-month treatment period.
      Nifedipine persistently reduced systemic vascular resistance (SVR), mean arterial
      pressure, mean pulmonary wedge pressure (PWP), and LV diastolic diameter, and
      improved cardiac index and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (Vcf).
      All of the patients had relief from dyspnea and reduction in heart size. The only
      side effect was ankle edema in six. Verapamil reduced SVR and mean arterial
      pressure and was not effective on PWP, LV diastolic diameter, and Vcf. The drug
      was discontinued in two patients who developed severe dyspnea at rest after 3 to
      4 days of continuous oral treatment. Clinical symptoms and signs did not improve
      in the remaining patients despite persistent pressure reduction. A less potent
      vasodilating action of verapamil and a prominent depression in cardiac
      contractility may account for the differential results with the two compounds, in
      spite of a shared vasodilating antihypertensive effect. These findings indicate
      that functional changes in the failing hypertensive heart may differ from one
      calcium blocker to another as a result of interaction and relative preponderance
      of influence on afterload and contractility.

PMID- 6375330
TI  - Magnesium: nature's physiologic calcium blocker.

PMID- 6375331
TI  - Clinical experience with rate-controlled delivery of antihypertensive therapy by
      a transdermal system.
AB  - The efficacy of transdermal clonidine, alone and in combination with diuretics,
      has been demonstrated in several studies involving patients with mild to moderate
      essential hypertension. In one 3-month open study, 64% of patients (wearing one
      to three 3.5 cm2 transdermal patches) achieved sustained blood pressure
      reductions throughout the treatment period. In this large study, side effects
      requiring discontinuation of drug were not observed. Transdermal clonidine
      reduced plasma renin activity and urinary aldosterone excretion to the same
      extent as that reported for oral clonidine. Renal function or serum electrolytes
      were not affected during therapy with transdermal clonidine. Another study showed
      that patients receiving oral clonidine and hydrochlorothiazide experienced
      comparable blood pressure reductions when switched to transdermal patches. Plasma
      drug concentrations measured during treatment with the transdermal patches were
      similar to the trough levels observed during treatment with oral clonidine. The
      equipotency of oral and transdermal therapy in combination with
      hydrochlorothiazide was also demonstrated in two remaining studies. In one of
      these studies it was suggested that daily variations in blood pressure induced by
      the peak and trough drug levels of the oral form were minimized by the stable
      drug levels characteristics of the transdermal device.

PMID- 6375332
TI  - Intravascular and extravascular pulmonary fluid volumes during acute experimental
      pericardial tamponade.
AB  - Pulmonary congestion is usually absent in cardiac tamponade. To examine the
      effects of experimental pericardial tamponade on pulmonary fluid volumes, we
      studied 14 anesthetized dogs with indicator-dilution techniques to measure
      extravascular (EVLW) and intravascular (PBV) pulmonary fluid volumes. Seven dogs
      were studied at two levels of tamponade and seven were studied during two levels
      of left atrial (LA) hypertension produced with an LA balloon. EVLW and PBV were
      measured in both groups at control state and then at two levels of elevated LA
      pressure (P). When LAP was raised by the balloon, PBV rose with the increase in
      LAP (4.9 +/- 2 cc/kg control at LAP 1.2 +/- 1.0 mm Hg versus 6.8 +/- 2.1 cc/kg at
      LAP 8.4 +/- 1.4 mm Hg and 6.8 +/- 2.1 cc/kg at LAP 14.7 +/- 2.0 mm Hg; both
      intervention PBV values p less than 0.01 vs control). During tamponade, PBV did
      not change (4.1 +/- 1.1 cc/kg at LAP 1.3 +/- 2.2 mm Hg control versus 4.4 +/- 1.0
      cc/kg at LAP 7.4 +/- 1.4 mm Hg and 4.8 +/- 1.3 cc/kg at LAP 12.7 +/- 2.8 mm Hg).
      EVLW changes were similar during elevation of LAP in both groups (tamponade dogs
      7.1 +/- 2.6 cc/kg, 7.1 +/- 1.6 cc/kg and 8.9 +/- 2.1 cc/kg, respectively; and LA
      hypertension dogs 6.9 +/- 2.5 cc/kg, 7.3 +/- 2.0 cc/kg, and 8.0 +/- 2.0 cc/kg,
      respectively. We conclude that during cardiac tamponade there is little change in
      PBV in response to rises in LAP. This is significantly different from the changes
      seen when increasing LAP by inflating an LA balloon, where fluid is shifted from
      the peripheral to the central circulation. EVLW changes were similar for the two
      methods during elevation of LAP.

PMID- 6375333
TI  - A life dedicated to pharmacy: an appreciation of William S. Apple.

PMID- 6375334
TI  - Medicare's prospective payment system.

PMID- 6375335
TI  - Indiana's Howard Raper: man of many firsts in dentistry.

PMID- 6375336
TI  - Effects of prostacyclin on coronary hemodynamics at rest and in response to cold
      pressor testing in patients with angina pectoris.
AB  - To assess the effect of prostacyclin on the diseased coronary circulation basally
      and, in particular, on the coronary responses to the cold pressor test, a small
      dose of 4 ng/kg/min and a large dose of 8 to 10 ng/kg/min was infused in 11
      patients with stable angina pectoris. Coronary blood flow was measured by
      coronary sinus thermodilution technique. The mean blood pressure decreased from
      97 +/- 5 to 89 +/- 5 mm Hg during the low-dose infusion (p less than 0.005) and
      to 81 +/- 5 mm Hg during the high-dose infusion (p less than 0.001); the heart
      rate increased from 65 +/- 4 to 69 +/- 4 beats/min during the low-dose infusion
      (p less than 0.05) and to 78 +/- 5 beats/min during the high-dose infusion (p
      less than 0.001). Systemic vascular resistance decreased by 11 +/- 4% with small
      doses (p less than 0.05) and by 38 +/- 4% with large doses (p less than 0.001) of
      prostacyclin, and coronary vascular resistance decreased by 16 +/- 7% (p less
      than 0.05) with the small dose and by 29 +/- 6% (p less than 0.001) with the
      large dose of prostacyclin. Seven of 11 patients showed a baseline
      vasoconstrictor response to the cold pressor test (increase in coronary vascular
      resistance of 11 +/- 2%). This increase in coronary vascular resistance was not
      altered by either the small or the large dose of prostacyclin. Thus, prostacyclin
      causes marked coronary and systemic vasodilation, with no evidence of selective
      enhancement of the sensitivity of the diseased coronary circulation.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6375337
TI  - Low-dose colestipol plus probucol for hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - The hypocholesterolemic and adverse effects of colestipol, 20 g/day, and
      colestipol, 10 g/day combined with probucol, 1 g/day, were compared. A double
      placebo, diet-controlled, crossover trial that lasted 19 months was undertaken on
      22 hypercholesterolemic patients who had low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
      cholesterol levels greater than 180 mg/dl after 3 months of diet and placebo
      treatment. Uniformity of diet and physical activity were monitored throughout the
      study. Compared with baseline values after 3 months on diet-placebo treatment,
      "combined" therapy reduced LDL cholesterol by more than 20% in 15 patients, more
      than 25% in 9 patients and more than 45% in 2 patients. Treatment with "half
      dose" colestipol and probucol resulted in the greatest mean LDL cholesterol
      reduction, from 239 mg/dl during diet-placebo period to 170 mg/dl; the difference
      was not statistically significantly different from the reduction to 180 mg/dl
      with 20 g of colestipol alone. Fifteen patients showed the greatest reduction in
      LDL cholesterol after combined therapy. Probucol produced statistically
      significant reductions in very low density lipoprotein and high-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol. The major gastrointestinal side effects of single
      therapy with colestipol (constipation) and probucol (diarrhea) were ameliorated
      or abolished by concomitant administration. Probucol-colestipol co-administration
      allowed a 50% reduction in the colestipol dosage, with similar efficacy and
      improved tolerability and reduced mean serum LDL cholesterol with a frequency and
      magnitude rarely seen with other hypocholesterolemic treatments.
      Hypercholesterolemic persons who cannot tolerate full doses of resins may receive
      equal benefit by half the dose if probucol is added to the regimen.

PMID- 6375338
TI  - Multicenter controlled observation of a low-dose regimen of amiodarone for
      treatment of severe ventricular arrhythmias. Collaborative Group for Amiodarone
      Evaluation.
AB  - The clinical efficacy of a low-dosage schedule of amiodarone was tested in 58
      patients with severe ventricular arrhythmias refractory to other drug treatments.
      The initially chosen regimen of 400 mg was effective at the end of the first
      controlled trial period (after 4 weeks) in 73% of the patients. The
      responsiveness was maintained with the smaller dosage of 200 mg in 68% of this
      group. The response was reestablished also in the patients who became
      nonresponders during the low-dose regimen when they returned to the initial (400
      mg) dosage. No relation was found between clinical response and blood levels of
      amiodarone and of its deethylated metabolite. Adverse effects more often
      associated with amiodarone therapy were rare. However, careful monitoring of
      thyroid function allowed the detection in 10% of the patients of biochemically
      and functionally documented, but clinically silent, cases of hypo- or
      hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 6375339
TI  - Antihypertensive therapy with diltiazem and comparison with hydrochlorothiazide.
AB  - Fourteen hypertensive patients with a mean sitting systolic and diastolic blood
      pressure (BP) of 153 +/- 16/100 +/- 4 mm Hg were treated successively with
      hydrochlorothiazide and diltiazem for 8 weeks each. The BP response and changes
      in heart rate, left ventricular size and function, and plasma catecholamine
      concentrations and renin activity were monitored. The 2 drugs had comparable
      antihypertensive effects, with mean decreases of 14, 9 and 11 mm Hg for the
      sitting, standing and supine diastolic BP, respectively, during
      hydrochlorothiazide treatment and mean decreases of 16, 18 and 12 mm Hg during
      diltiazem treatment. Heart rate was unchanged, although plasma norepinephrine
      concentrations increased significantly during diltiazem treatment. Plasma renin
      activity increased slightly, from 0.6 to 0.9 ng/ml/hour during diltiazem
      treatment, but the change was not significant (p less than 0.10). Left
      ventricular ejection fraction and end-diastolic volume were not affected by
      either agent. In conclusion, diltiazem is an effective antihypertensive agent,
      which because of its benign side effect profile, may be useful as a step 1 agent.

PMID- 6375340
TI  - Effects of beta 1-selective and nonselective beta-adrenoceptor blockade during
      exercise conditioning in healthy adults.
AB  - The interaction of beta 1-selective (cardioselective) and nonselective beta
      adrenoceptor blockade with exercise conditioning was investigated in 30 healthy
      adult persons. A double-blind protocol was used and the effects of atenolol (100
      mg/day), propranolol (80 mg twice daily), and placebo were studied by treadmill
      testing (Bruce protocol) before and after a 2-month supervised program of dynamic
      exercise. Exercise tolerance was assessed by time and work performed to
      exhaustion. Subjects who received propranolol, but not those who received
      atenolol or placebo, showed an acutely impaired exercise tolerance after drug
      administration but before training (-8 +/- 4%, p less than 0.05). All 3 groups
      showed significantly improved exercise capacity following training after drug
      treatment had been discontinued (atenolol, 22 +/- 6% improvement; propranolol, 13
      +/- 6%; placebo, 10 +/- 3%). However, when tested while still receiving
      medication, subjects who received propranolol failed to show significant
      improvement in exercise capacity. In contrast, patients who received atenolol and
      placebo improved significantly. The data indicate that enhancement of maximal
      work capacity by exercise conditioning can occur despite administration of either
      beta 1-selective or nonselective beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. However, the
      fatiguing effects of propranolol that were evident when work performance during
      propranolol therapy was compared with work performance while not receiving
      propranolol before the training program persists after training and may limit the
      net improvement in work capacity induced by exercise conditioning compared with
      the pretraining state.

PMID- 6375341
TI  - The future of computerized cardiac angiography.

PMID- 6375342
TI  - Fine structure of the glomerular basement membrane and immunolocalization of five
      basement membrane components to the lamina densa (basal lamina) and its
      extensions in both glomeruli and tubules of the rat kidney.
AB  - Electron microscopic immunostaining was used to examine the localization of type
      IV collagen, laminin, entactin , heparan sulfate proteoglycan, and fibronectin
      within the basement membranes of the rat kidney. In preliminary experiments,
      various methods of processing formaldehyde-fixed kidney were compared using
      antilaminin antiserum and the indirect immunoperoxidase method. Little or no
      laminin immunostaining of the glomerular basement membrane was present in
      sections unless they had been frozen-thawed; and even in this case, the
      immunostaining was light in comparison to that of basement membranes in adjacent
      tubules. However, when frozen-thawed sections were treated with 0.5% sodium
      borohydride, immunostaining was then as strong in glomerular as in tubular
      basement membranes. Accordingly, this treatment was applied to frozen-thawed
      sections before immunostaining for any of the substances under study.
      Immunostaining of the glomerular basement membrane for each of the five
      substances was fairly uniform throughout the lamina densa (also called basal
      lamina), but uneven in the lamina lucida interna and externa (also called lamina
      rara interna and externa) in which stained bands extended from the lamina densa.
      Similarly in the basement membranes of tubules, immunostaining for the five
      substances was localized to the lamina densa and bands extending into the lamina
      lucida. When the ultrastructure of the glomerular basement membrane was examined,
      three structures were found: (1) a network of 4-nm-thick "cords," which seems to
      be the main component; the cords are closely packed in the lamina densa and more
      loosely arranged in the lamina lucida interna and externa; (2) straight, hollow 7
      10-nm-thick structures referred to as " basotubules "; and (3) 3.5-nm elements
      composed of minute paired rods, referred to as "double pegs." The distribution of
      the cords, but not that of the other two structures, was related to the
      immunostaining pattern. It is concluded that (1) to fully reveal the antigenicity
      of the glomerular basement membrane, frozen-thawed sections must be treated with
      sodium borohydride prior to immunostaining, possibly because this basement
      membrane is more compact than the others; and (2) in both glomerular and tubular
      basement membranes, type IV collagen, laminin, entactin , heparan sulfate
      proteoglycan and fibronectin are colocalized in the lamina densa and its
      extensions to the laminae lucidae . Since the distribution of the cords
      corresponds to that of immunostaining, it is likely that the five substances are
      present within the cords.

PMID- 6375343
TI  - Seasonal variations in pituitary LH-gonadotropes of the hibernating bat Myotis
      lucifugus lucifugus: an immunohistochemical study.
AB  - Pituitary gonadotropes were identified throughout the year in the seasonally
      breeding, hibernating bat Myotis lucifugus lucifugus by means of light
      microscopic immunohistochemistry. In both male and female bats, these cells were
      immunoreactive with an antiserum directed to the beta subunit of luteinizing
      hormone. Some gonadotropes were aggregated near a portion of the infundibular
      stalk which crosses the anterior lobe, while most were scattered singly in a
      uniform manner throughout the rest of the pars distalis. This cell population
      exhibited seasonal variations in both sexes. In males, the proportional volume of
      the pars distalis occupied by immunoreactive gonadotropes (volume fraction) was
      significantly reduced in late July, when plasma testosterone levels were
      approaching their seasonal peak. In females, the volume fraction declined in
      April, following ovulation, and remained low during pregnancy and lactation. The
      size and shape of gonadotropes appeared relatively constant throughout the annual
      reproductive cycle in male bats; the immunoreactive cells were irregular in
      shape, with cytoplasmic extensions insinuating between and often "cupping" other
      secretory cell types. In females, the gonadotropes resembled those of males
      throughout most of the year, except during pregnancy, when these cells became
      enlarged and ovoid. No evidence of involution was observed in these anterior
      pituitary cells in either males or females during hibernation.

PMID- 6375344
TI  - A comparison of intermittent vs. continuous and of adriamycin vs. methotrexate 5
      drug chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer. A Cancer and Leukemia Group B
      study.
AB  - The therapeutic effectiveness of intermittent vs. continuous combination
      chemotherapy and of the substitution of adriamycin for methotrexate in a 5-drug
      regimen was evaluated in women with metastatic breast carcinoma. Patients were
      randomly allocated to receive continuous therapy with cyclophosphamide,
      methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, vincristine, prednisone ( CMFVP -C, 86 patients),
      intermittent CMFVP ( CMFVP -I, 109 patients), or intermittent CAFVP (107
      patients). The CR + PR rate with CAFVP (71%) was superior to CMFVP -C (50%, p =
      0.003) and to CMFVP -I (50%, p = 0.002). The remission duration with CAFVP (14
      months, median) was superior to CMFVP -I (7 months) (p less than 0.01), and
      tended to be superior to CMFVP -C (9 months) (p = 0.07). There was a survival
      advantage of CAFVP (19 months, median) over CMFVP -I (13 months) (p = 0.01), but
      not over CMFVP -C (16 months) (p = 0.24). Among CR + PR patients, the survival
      with CAFVP (29 months, median) was superior (p = 0.02) to both CMFVP -I (18
      months) and CMFVP -C (21 months). The CMFVP -C regimen was associated with the
      highest incidence of leukopenia and neurologic toxicity, but the lowest incidence
      of GI toxicity. The results indicate that the CAFVP regimen is well tolerated and
      is superior to the CMFVP regimens.

PMID- 6375346
TI  - Transferrin in disease II: defects in the regulation of transferrin saturation
      with iron contribute to susceptibility to infection.
AB  - Patients with leukemia were found to have a high percentage of saturation of
      their serum transferrin with iron to an extent only rarely observed with other
      malignancies. This was associated with a reduced ability of their serum to
      inhibit the growth of a test strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Serum iron,
      transferrin, and related parameters were measured serially in patients undergoing
      bone marrow transplantation for leukemia or aplastic anemia. It was found that a
      high proportion of these patients also have a high saturation of their
      transferrin with iron. This was related to three distinct physiologic deficits: a
      low level of serum transferrin; a high level of iron; and an inability to reduce
      the level of serum iron during infection. Three of six patients who were unable
      to reduce their serum during fever and infection subsequently died of sepsis.
      These data support the hypothesis that derangements in nonspecific serologic
      defense mechanisms involving iron contribute to susceptibility to infection in
      patients with leukemia undergoing bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 6375345
TI  - A comparison of bone marrow transplantation with maintenance chemotherapy for
      patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in first complete remission.
AB  - Twenty patients treated with maintenance chemotherapy for acute nonlymphoblastic
      leukemia after achieving complete remission were compared with 13 patients who
      underwent bone marrow transplantation from an HLA-identical sibling. The median
      age was 27 years for both maintenance chemotherapy patients (range 17-42 years)
      and for patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation (range 16-42 years). The
      1-year survival for maintenance chemotherapy was 80% vs. 54% with bone marrow
      transplantation (p = NS). Complete remission durability was 70% at 1 year for
      maintenance chemotherapy (34% projected for 5 years) compared with no relapses in
      the first year with bone marrow transplantation (p = 0.01). Patients on
      maintenance chemotherapy were hospitalized for an average of 22 days (range 0-171
      days) during the first 12 months of treatment. Patients undergoing bone marrow
      transplantation were hospitalized for an average of 82 days (range 41-113 days)
      in the same time period. Severe hematologic toxicity was seen in 13/13 bone
      marrow transplantation patients and 6/20 maintenance chemotherapy patients.
      Chronic graft-vs.-host disease occurred in 3/7 surviving bone marrow
      transplantation patients. Maintenance chemotherapy had an average first year cost
      of +3,076.00 for patients who did not relapse and +48,827.00 for patients that
      relapsed. The first year costs for bone marrow transplantation averaged
      +84,102.00. Thus, maintenance chemotherapy was associated with a better early
      survival, less toxicity, and lower cost than bone marrow transplantation in the
      first year after initiating therapy. However, fewer relapses with bone marrow
      transplantation suggest that it will yield a higher long-term survival rate.

PMID- 6375347
TI  - Immunofluorescent antigluten antibody test. Titer and profile of gluten
      antibodies in celiac disease.
AB  - Circulating antibodies to gluten fractions have been detected in most patients
      with celiac disease during gluten ingestion. The various detection techniques,
      however, are rather complex and inadequate for routine clinical use. Recently, a
      new indirect immunofluorescent method, named the antigluten antibody (AGA) test,
      has been developed. To establish the reliability of the test we compared six
      groups of patients: (1) 15 patients with biopsy-proved celiac disease of whom 13
      had positive test results (the other two had already been receiving a gluten-free
      diet for two to three weeks); (2) 13 malnourished patients without celiac disease
      who had damaged mucosa, of whom only two had positive test results; (3) 21
      patients with celiac symptomatology but normal mucosa, of whom four had positive
      test results; (4) 42 patients with other intestinal tract diseases, of whom seven
      had positive test results; (5) 28 patients with extraintestinal diseases, of whom
      only two had positive test results; and (6) 26 patients with autoimmune diseases,
      of whom five had positive test results. All patients with celiac disease who had
      positive test results and who were receiving a gluten-containing diet had titers
      of 1:40 to 1:80 in the IgG class, while all other patients with positive AGA test
      results had a low titer of 1:10 to 1:40, in the IgM class mainly. We conclude
      that the AGA test is an effective screening tool for patients with celiac disease
      and may serve as a practical index of dietary gluten avoidance.

PMID- 6375348
TI  - Hypertension caused by an aldosterone-secreting adenoma. Occurrence in a 7-year
      old child.
AB  - A 7-year-old girl had hyperaldosteronism due to an adrenal cortical adenoma, a
      rare, surgically remediable cause of hypertension. Although the plasma potassium
      concentration was only slightly below normal, and the plasma aldosterone
      concentration was in a high normal range, the consistently suppressed plasma
      renin activity suggested primary aldosteronism. This diagnosis was confirmed by
      the failure of saline infusion to lower the plasma aldosterone concentration.
      Glucocorticoid-remediable hyperaldosteronism was excluded when dexamethasone did
      not reduce the high plasma aldosterone concentration. An enlarged left adrenal
      gland was observed in the computed tomographic scan, and blood from the left
      adrenal vein contained much more aldosterone than blood from the right adrenal
      vein. Surgical excision of the left adrenal gland, containing an adenoma, was
      followed by a return of BP and biochemical measurements to their normal ranges.
      This case demonstrated the importance of a rational systematic approach in the
      evaluation of children with sustained unexplained hypertension and the need to
      obtain plasma renin activity values when either hypokalemia is present or initial
      investigations fall to provide a diagnosis.

PMID- 6375349
TI  - Insulin resistance in a young man with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - An 18-year-old man had cystic fibrosis (CF) and insulin-resistant carbohydrate
      intolerance characterized by (1) obesity, basal hyperinsulinemia, and
      hyperglucagonemia; (2) impaired oral glucose tolerance; (3) hyperinsulinemia in
      response to oral and intravenous (IV) administration of glucose and to IV
      administration of tolbutamide; (4) exaggerated gastric inhibitory polypeptide
      secretion following orally administered glucose; and (5) diminished sensitivity
      to insulin administered IV compared with other patients with CF. Both parents
      also demonstrate basal and stimulated hyperinsulinemia in response to orally
      administered glucose. The long-term outlook for patients with CF is improving,
      and more patients are surviving childhood. Thus, it should be recognized that an
      insulin-resistant form of carbohydrate intolerance may develop in patients with
      CF with obesity and/or genetic risk factors.

PMID- 6375351
TI  - The sticky end of Frantisek Koczwara, composer of "The Battle of Prague".

PMID- 6375350
TI  - Severe protracted diarrhea due to multiresistant adherent Escherichia coli.
AB  - We studied 15 cases of severe protracted diarrhea due to a strain of Escherichia
      coli serotype 0111: K58 :H2. The clinical features of these patients were
      compared with those of 18 patients infected with other enteropathogenic serotypes
      of E coli. More patients infected with 0111: K58 :H2 strains had been treated
      with ampicillin (six of 15 v one of 18), and more were dehydrated (nine of 15 v
      two of 18) and in a toxic condition (nine of 15 v three of 18). The number of
      stools per day (14.1 v 6.8), the total duration of the diarrhea (24.7 v 7.0
      days), and the frequency of relapses (six of 15 v none of 18) were also greater
      in these patients. A large number had a serum sodium level below 135 mEq/L (ten
      of 15 v none of 18) and a serum protein level below 11 mEq/L (six of 15 v none of
      18). At least two infants infected with E coli 0111: K58 :H2 manifested a urinary
      tract infection. All 15 strains of E coli 0111: K58 :H2 studied adhered to HeLa
      cell lines, whereas none of the strains isolated from the second group were
      adherent. None of the 0111: K58 :H2 strains produced enterotoxins, and they were
      negative in the Ser eny test. All adherent strains were resistant to many
      antibiotics.

PMID- 6375352
TI  - The role of the pancreas in cobalamin (vitamin B12) absorption.

PMID- 6375353
TI  - An outbreak of salmonellosis associated with a fatality in a healthy child: a
      large dose and severe illness.
AB  - In June 1982, an outbreak of Salmonella gastroenteritis occurred on a farm in
      Wyoming. All eight affected persons became severely ill 8-18 hours after they had
      eaten homemade ice cream. A previously healthy 13-year-old boy died 37 hours
      after exposure; his mother and four younger siblings were transferred to
      intensive care units in hospitals in adjoining states, and the remaining two
      adult males were hospitalized locally. Salmonella typhimurium was isolated from
      all eight ill persons, from the remaining ice cream, and from the family's hens
      whose eggs were used in the preparation of the ice cream. All Salmonella
      contained identical plasmids (60-, 5.6-, and 3.3-megadalton); the ice cream
      contained 10(6) salmonellae/g and, according to food histories, individuals
      consumed an estimated dose of between 10(8) and 10(9) organisms. The fatal
      illness occurred in the boy who had eaten the largest amount of ice cream (10(9)
      organisms). This report demonstrates that Salmonella can cause fatal illness in
      previously healthy individuals and that the incubation period and the severity of
      the illness may be related to the dose.

PMID- 6375354
TI  - Gregor Mendel and the people around him (commemorative of the centennial of
      Mendel's death).

PMID- 6375355
TI  - Osteogenesis imperfecta: phenotypic heterogeneity, protein suicide, short and
      long collagen.

PMID- 6375357
TI  - Financial management of hospitals.
AB  - The effect of hospital reimbursement systems on the financial management of
      hospitals is briefly discussed, and the organization of hospital financial
      operations is reviewed. The implementation of Medicare prospective pricing will
      change the way in which hospital finances are managed. Health-care managers will
      be concerned with the profitability of product lines, or diagnosis-related
      groups, in future strategic planning efforts. The hospital's finance department
      consists of several traditional areas that exist in almost all financial
      organizations. The functions and interactions of these various areas are
      discussed in light of previous and current hospital reimbursement strategies.
      Staffing of the finance department and the duties of the hospital's chief
      financial officer are also described. The prospective pricing system of hospital
      reimbursement and increasing pressure from the business community to stem the
      rising costs of health care will produce changes in the medical and financial
      operations of the hospital industry over the next decade.

PMID- 6375356
TI  - Enzymatic and immunological studies of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase in familial
      porphyria cutanea tarda and hepatoerythropoietic porphyria.
AB  - Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity was measured in hemoglobin-free lysates
      from two patients with hepatoerythropoietic porphyria (HEP) and from 12 unrelated
      patients with familial porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT). In HEP patients, enzyme
      activities were 5% of normal, and familial studies clearly confirmed that
      patients with HEP are cases of homozygous PCT. Immunoreactive uroporphyrinogen
      decarboxylase was measured by developing a direct and noncompetitive enzyme
      immunoassay (EIA). For the 12 familial PCT patients, we found an immunoreactive
      protein decreased (51%) to the same extent as the catalytic activity (48%) [cross
      reactive immunological material ( CRIM ) negative]. The children from the HEP
      family were also CRIM negative, contrasting with another HEP family previously
      described as CRIM positive; our data support the hypothesis of a heterogeneity in
      familial uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase deficiency.

PMID- 6375358
TI  - Medicare coverage of hospice care.
AB  - Recently enacted regulations regarding Medicare coverage of hospice care are
      discussed. The hospice benefit, whether provided in a home or inpatient setting,
      is available to individuals entitled to Medicare Part A benefits and who are
      certified as being terminally ill. Hospice care coverage is authorized for a
      maximum of six months plus 30 days. Conditions of participation of the final
      regulations require that critical services (nursing services, physician services,
      and drugs and biologicals) be available on a 24-hour basis. Also, freestanding
      hospices must employ or contract a licensed pharmacist for control and
      accountability of all drugs throughout the facility. Reimbursement rates are
      mandated as all-inclusive, per diem rates that favor home care and have a per
      capita limit of $6500. The hospice benefit is a distinctly new choice of care for
      terminally ill patients. It also provides pharmacists an opportunity to
      participate in a unique aspect of health care.

PMID- 6375359
TI  - Regional hemodynamics following captopril therapy.

PMID- 6375360
TI  - Hemodynamics in hypertension and heart failure.

PMID- 6375361
TI  - Hemodynamic and regional blood flow response to captopril in congestive heart
      failure.
AB  - In 19 patients with moderate to severe congestive heart failure the over-all
      hemodynamic response to captopril was compared with its effect on regional blood
      flow. Ninety minutes after administering a single dose of captopril (25 to 150
      mg), right atrial pressure decreased from 6.1 +/- 6.1 to 3.2 +/- 5.1 mm Hg (p
      less than 0.001), pulmonary artery pressure from 33.1 +/- 8.3 to 26.5 +/- 9.1 mm
      Hg (p less than 0.001), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure from 22.4 +/- 6.2 to
      15.2 +/- 7.4 mm Hg to (p less than 0.001), mean arterial pressure from 77.2 +/-
      8.0 to 66.5 +/- 13.7 mm Hg (p less than 0.001), and systemic vascular resistance
      from 1,630 +/- 503 to 1,233 +/- 443 dyne-s-cm-5 (p less than 0.001), and cardiac
      index increased from 2.0 +/- 0.6 to 2.4 +/- 0.7 l/minute/m2 (p less than 0.001).
      Despite the significant increase in cardiac index there was no increase in either
      hepatic blood flow (203 +/- 212 to 142 +/- 101 units, N.S.) or forearm blood flow
      (2.2 +/- 0.9 to 2.2 +/- 1.0 ml/100 g per minute, N.S.) after captopril.
      Similarly, the global reduction in systemic vascular resistance was not
      accompanied by a reduction in either hepatic vascular resistance (0.93 +/- 0.90
      to 0.83 +/- 0.69 units, N.S.) or forearm vascular resistance (41.3 +/- 18.4 to
      34.9 +/- 12.4 mm Hg/ml/100 g per minute, N.S.). The over-all improvement in
      hemodynamics that is seen when captopril is given to patients with severe heart
      failure does not apply uniformally to all vascular beds. The heterogeneous
      response reflects the variable vasoconstrictor part played by the renin
      angiotensin system in regulating flow to individual regional circulations.

PMID- 6375362
TI  - Effect of captopril on intrarenal blood flow.
AB  - The inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system by captopril was used in
      pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs to confirm that the vasoconstrictive action of
      endorenally synthesized angiotensin II predominates on the efferent glomerular
      arteriole. Ozolinone is a loop diuretic with two isomers. Only (-)- ozolinone is
      diuretic, whereas both isomers have a renal vasodilatory effect which
      predominates on the efferent glomerular arteriole. Only the diuretic isomer
      increases renin release. The renin hypersecretion is simultaneous with recovery
      from the initial fall in filtration fraction, because of postglomerular
      vasodilatation. This recovery does not occur with (+)- ozolinone and is inhibited
      by pretreatment with captopril. This confirms that vasoconstrictive action of
      angiotensin II predominates on the efferent glomerular arteriole. Such a
      vasoconstrictive effect might affect blood flow in the vasa recta, which arise
      from the efferent arterioles of juxtamedullary glomeruli. This action might
      enable the renin-angiotensin system to participate in the control of renal
      medullary blood flow and urinary concentration.

PMID- 6375363
TI  - Interstitial nephritis, proteinuria, and renal failure caused by nonsteroidal
      anti-inflammatory drugs. Immunologic characterization of the inflammatory
      infiltrate.
AB  - Nine patients with the unusual combination of renal failure, nephrotic-range
      proteinuria, and biopsy-proved interstitial nephritis are described. Six of these
      patients had received nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (three fenoprofen,
      one ibuprofen, one zomepirac, and one tolmetin). The remaining three patients had
      no history of exposure to drugs known to cause interstitial nephritis.
      Immunologic characterization of the infiltrating cells with monoclonal antibodies
      showed that the majority of cells in most cases were cytotoxic T cells, although
      some B cells were present in all cases. Giant collecting duct cells were seen in
      half the patients with drug exposure but in none of the others. Otherwise, there
      were no conspicuous morphologic differences between patients with and without
      drug exposure. Many of the patients had associated glomerular abnormalities. Only
      the zomepirac and tolmetin recipients showed pure interstitial disease. The three
      fenoprofen recipients and the zomepirac and tolmetin recipients regained normal
      renal function after the drug was discontinued. The combination of renal failure,
      nephrotic range proteinuria, and interstitial nephritis is one form of
      nephrotoxicity observed in patients treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
      agents. However, this lesion, which may be mediated by cytotoxic T cells, may
      also be seen rarely in patients with no apparent drug exposure.

PMID- 6375364
TI  - Decline in coronary heart disease mortality. Old questions and new facts.
AB  - By 1979, mortality rates for coronary heart disease had declined for 14
      consecutive years in the United States. Preliminary data indicate a continued
      decline. This review of reports published in the last five years documents the
      consistency of most data with the following hypotheses: (1) Reductions in
      population levels of hypertension and cigarette smoking have contributed to the
      decline in mortality from coronary heart disease. (2) Improved medical care for
      acute myocardial infarction has also contributed to the decline. Data are lacking
      to specify the contributions of changes in other risk factors, emergency medical
      services, medical care of chronic coronary heart disease, or other changes in the
      physical and social environment. Long-term, simultaneous surveillance of
      mortality, morbidity, medical care, and risk factors should be supported in five
      to 10 centers around the United States.

PMID- 6375365
TI  - Ataxia, dementia, and death in a 68-year-old woman.

PMID- 6375366
TI  - Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in a patient with syphilis. Identification
      of antitreponemal antibody and treponemal antigen in renal tissue.
AB  - A 37-year-old man presented with biopsy-proved rapidly progressive
      glomerulonephritis and a strongly positive fluorescent treponemal antibody
      result. The patient was treated with hemodialysis, plasmapheresis,
      methylprednisolone, and penicillin, with rapid improvement and stabilization of
      renal function. Antibody was eluted from the frozen renal tissue and demonstrated
      a strongly positive reaction to the treponemal antigen when used in the
      fluorescent treponemal antibody test. In addition, when specific rabbit
      antitreponemal antiserum was applied to the frozen renal sections, there was a
      strongly positive reaction. Although syphilis has been associated with membranous
      glomerulopathy and post-infectious glomerulonephritis, this appears to be the
      first case of latent syphilis in which rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis has
      been identified. The presence within the glomeruli of treponemal antigen and
      antitreponemal antibody supports the association of these two entities.

PMID- 6375367
TI  - Pure primary hyperaldosteronism due to adrenal cortical carcinoma.
AB  - A 47-year-old woman is described who had pure primary hyperaldosteronism due to
      an adrenal cortical carcinoma. This may represent the first such case in which
      modern laboratory tests allowed specific diagnosis and exclusion of
      hypersecretion of other adrenal steroids, and also the first reported case in
      which modern localizing procedures have been utilized. Other interesting facets
      of the case include calcification of the tumor, visualization with 131l
      iodomethylnorcholesterol , metaplastic histologic changes, and coexistent
      bilateral renal artery fibromuscular disease.

PMID- 6375368
TI  - Aldosterone in acromegaly.
AB  - Ten patients with acromegaly, six with active acromegaly and four with inactive
      acromegaly were studied with regard to the possible relationship between
      aldosterone metabolism and hypertension. It was noted that tetrahydroaldosterone
      3-glucuronide levels were highest in those cases which exhibited the highest
      prolactin levels. It was in these cases that hypertension was present and they
      were active as judged by clinical and biochemical parameters. On administration
      of bromocryptine there was a reduction of tetrahydroaldosterone-3-glucuronide,
      prolactin and also a significant reduction of blood pressure. The significance of
      these results is discussed.

PMID- 6375369
TI  - Bullous skin lesions associated with Yersinia enterocolitica septicemia.
AB  - An 86-year-old woman developed large bullae on both legs during the course of
      septicemia due to Yersinia enterocolitica. Although erysipelas-like lesions and
      erythema nodosum have been known to be associated with Yersinia infections, this
      is the first reported case with multiple bullae.

PMID- 6375371
TI  - Mental Retardation Research Centers.

PMID- 6375370
TI  - Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in patients with leukemia and prolonged
      granulocytopenia.
AB  - Sixty-three patients with acute nonlymphoid leukemia (ANLL) under cytostatic
      treatment were investigated in a randomized trial to determine whether oral
      administration of cotrimoxazole (TMP/STX) would reduce the rate of infection.
      Four significant differences were observed between the group given TMP/STX (30
      patients) and the control group (33 patients): 1) the mean duration of severe
      granulocytopenia (less than or equal to 500 PMN/mm3) before the first febrile
      episode was longer in prophylaxis group, 14.26 days versus four in the control
      group (p less than 0.001); 2) the number of febrile episodes was 37 in TMP/STX
      group and 69 in control group (p less than 0.01); 3) 23 patients on prophylaxis
      presented at least one febrile episode versus 33 in the control group (p less
      than 0.01); 4) deaths due to infection were two in the TMP/STX group versus 11 in
      control group (p less than 0.05). Prophylaxis with TMP/STX appears to be useful
      since by reducing the number of febrile episodes and deaths due to infection, it
      increases the survival of leukemia patients under cytostatic drugs. Nevertheless,
      further studies on a larger number of patients are necessary in order to confirm
      the true efficacy of the drug in the reduction of sepsis and death due to
      infection.

PMID- 6375372
TI  - Teaching dialysis kinetics with a minicomputer.
AB  - The quantitative aspects of dialysis kinetics are poorly understood by the
      majority of nephrology fellows in training. For this reason, we have developed
      three teaching programs for use on the Apple II computer. The programs, based on
      the dialysis equations of Gotch et al. [1] and Gotch [2], allow the student to
      alter each of the dialysis variables independently, and to graphically display
      the resulting dialysis curves, so that the effects of changing variables can be
      visually compared. The three teaching programs describe intradialysis kinetics,
      dialysis kinetics during a single intradialytic and interdialytic period, and
      dialysis kinetics during a 2-week interval.

PMID- 6375373
TI  - Transdermal treatment for hypertension.

PMID- 6375374
TI  - Relaxation.

PMID- 6375375
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 6375376
TI  - Our bundle of responsibility. Presidential address.

PMID- 6375377
TI  - The effect of prolactin and relaxin on insulin binding by adipocytes from
      pregnant women.
AB  - The effects of prolactin and relaxin on insulin binding by isolated human
      adipocytes from women at term gestation were studied in vitro. It was found that
      prolactin decreases, and relaxin increases, insulin binding to the adipocytes.
      Both changes appear to be due to alterations in the affinity of the insulin
      receptors. These effects seem to be mediated through specific prolactin and
      relaxin receptors of the adipocyte and require the presence of an intact cellular
      cytoskeleton. This suggests that one hormone, for example, prolactin, can
      interact with its own specific receptor and thereby after the affinity of a
      heterologous receptor for its hormone (insulin). Heterologous hormone-receptor
      complex interactions ("cross-talk") may be widespread and could represent a
      fundamental mechanism in the functioning of the endocrine system.

PMID- 6375378
TI  - Hysteroscopic sterilization with the use of formed-in-place silicone plugs.
AB  - Hysteroscopic sterilization with the use of a formed-in-place silicone plug is an
      office procedure which can be done with paracervical block anesthesia. It appears
      to be an effective method of sterilization. The present study is a review of 206
      of the author's patients who chose this procedure. Thirty-four patients (16.5%)
      had more than one procedure for a total of 244 cases. Sterilizations were
      achieved in 188 patients (91.3%). The sterilization was accomplished in 166
      patients (80.6%) at the time of the first procedure, in 20 of 40 patients (9.7%)
      at the second procedure, and in two of four patients (1.0%) at the third
      procedure. The primary reason for failure to achieve sterilization was tubal
      spasm. Of the 18 patients (8.7%) who were not sterilized, 16 were considered as
      failures and dropped from the study and two are awaiting a repeat procedure. No
      patients have become pregnant and there have been no significant complications.

PMID- 6375379
TI  - Nonsurgical ovum transfer as a treatment for intractable infertility: what
      effectiveness can we realistically expect?
AB  - Using previously reported human, primate, and cattle reproductive performance
      data, we developed a mathematical model to predict the cumulative probability of
      pregnancy per woman per month theoretically obtainable by ovum transfer. We then
      conducted a preliminary ovum transfer clinical trial and compared the results of
      that trial to the results predicted by the model. Based on the nine spontaneously
      ovulating fertile donors and seven spontaneously ovulating infertile recipients
      available for the trial, the model predicted occurrence of between 0.63 and 8.65
      pregnancies during the 6-month period of the study. We actually obtained two
      pregnancies. The model further predicted, with sufficient numbers of donors to
      produce one match per ovulation for each prospective patient, that the
      probability of that patient becoming pregnant from ovum transfer ranges from 0.05
      to 0.35 per cycle.

PMID- 6375380
TI  - Diabetic retinopathy and insulin therapy in a rural diabetic population.
AB  - The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was lower in a rural diabetic population
      when compared to the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in medical center clinic
      populations. Adult-onset (Type II) diabetics were at greater risk for developing
      diabetic retinopathy shortly after diagnosis than newly diagnosed cases of
      juvenile diabetes (Type I). The use of insulin positively correlated with the
      prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in this rural population.

PMID- 6375382
TI  - Foreign-body reaction against intraocular lenses.
AB  - We studied five intraocular lens implants removed for various reasons by light,
      transmission, and scanning electron microscopy. Four implants were Binkhorst four
      loop lenses; the fifth was of an unidentified type. The durations of implantation
      ranged from three to 36 months, with an average of 14 months. The surface of all
      implants was covered with a thin acellular membrane of unknown nature. On top of
      this membrane we found different types of cells that are normally involved in a
      foreign-body reaction. These included fibroblasts, histiocytes, epithelioid
      cells, and multinucleated foreign-body giant cells, in all stages. Our findings
      suggested that iris-fixed artificial lenses are subject to a defensive cellular
      reaction by the host. The limited extent of this reaction was correlated with the
      success of the implant.

PMID- 6375381
TI  - A one-year multicenter clinical trial of pilocarpine gel.
AB  - In a one-year clinical trial of pilocarpine gel, a form designed for once-a-day
      administration, in 83 patients with glaucoma, average intraocular pressures
      during gel therapy were equal to or slightly lower than previous values during
      pilocarpine eyedrop therapy (morning values, 18.7 mm Hg vs 19.7 mm Hg; afternoon
      values, 20.9 mm Hg vs 20.2 mm Hg). Monitoring of diurnal intraocular pressure
      showed that 33 of 77 patients (43%) using the gel and 25 of 77 (33%) using
      eyedrops had afternoon values more than 2 mm Hg higher than their morning values.
      This difference was not statistically significant. Fifteen of 76 patients (20%)
      who used the gel for more than eight weeks developed a diffuse superficial
      corneal haze with gel treatment. The haze persisted 12 months after the gel was
      discontinued. Although the haze produced no symptoms, its long-term consequences
      are unknown.

PMID- 6375383
TI  - The Golgi tendon organ: a review and update.
AB  - This article presents current information concerning (a) the structural
      relationships of the Golgi tendon organ (GTO) with different types of extrafusal
      muscle fibers; (b) the Gp.Ib reafferent or feedback fibers from the GTO; (c) the
      way in which these proprioceptors monitor muscle tension and function in parallel
      processing with other receptors and with the central control mechanisms of the
      nervous system; and (d) how GTO's are involved in regulating autogenic
      excitation, autogenic inhibition, or co-contraction of extrafusal muscle fibers.

PMID- 6375384
TI  - Status report on reimbursement for occupational therapy services.
AB  - Reimbursement sources for occupational therapy are growing, not diminishing, but
      the ability to increase reimbursement through these new sources is becoming more
      difficult. Collecting efficacy data and documenting services provided are
      important methods for increasing reimbursement. If the quality of occupational
      therapy services remains high, reimbursement is more likely to follow.

PMID- 6375385
TI  - Reimbursement for psychiatric occupational therapy services.
AB  - It is increasingly important for mental health occupational therapists to monitor
      trends in reimbursement for mental health care in order to ensure adequate and
      equitable coverage of occupational therapy services. Federal and state funds for
      treatment of mental illness are being divided among an increasing number of
      mental health professionals. Private insurers are limiting direct coverage to
      those services that can supply cost and utilization information. This paper
      reviews present coverage for occupational therapy in mental health programs.
      Collection of efficacy and cost benefit data, establishment of separate billing
      procedures, and participation in the formation of public policies for treatment
      of the mentally ill should be primary activities pursued by occupational
      therapists to expand coverage of occupational therapy services in psychiatric
      settings.

PMID- 6375386
TI  - Medicare: a summary of coverage for occupational therapy services, reimbursement
      guidelines, and covered durable medical equipment.

PMID- 6375387
TI  - Mechanical reactions of facial skeleton to maxillary expansion determined by
      laser holography.
AB  - The highly accurate laser holographic interferometry method was used to determine
      in what way low-magnitude forces during slow maxillary expansion are transmitted
      to the entire maxillary complex and its surrounding structures. The experiments
      were carried out on a macerated human skull which had a perfectly preserved,
      normally aligned maxillary dental arch and intact alveolar processes. The soft
      palatal and periodontal tissues were reconstructed with a semielastic material.
      The specimen was loaded gradually by widening of a split acrylic appliance with
      an expansion screw. Interferograms were taken simultaneously on the left and
      right sides of the maxillary complex, using the 10 mV He-Ne laser and the double
      exposure method. Analysis of the fringe pattern on the recorded object surface
      was performed by graphically determining the deformation curves related to the
      bony surface in selected horizontal and vertical planes. Experimental results
      show that the application of laterally directed forces from the maxillary
      expansion appliance induced initial mechanical reactions of the entire maxilla,
      the circummaxillary sutures, and the surrounding bones. Each increase in dental
      arch width was obtained not only by the deformation of the alveolar process with
      dental tipping but also by the rotation of the entire maxilla within its sutures
      around horizontal and vertical axes. Moreover, displacement of the surrounding
      maxillary structures (pterygoid processes, zygomatic, lacrimal, and nasal bones)
      was detected in response to the rotational movement of the maxilla.

PMID- 6375388
TI  - Salivary gland monomorphic adenoma. Ultrastructural, immunoperoxidase, and
      histogenetic aspects.
AB  - Monomorphic adenoma of basal cell type is a salivary gland tumor believed to
      result from a proliferation of a single type of cell. However, ultrastructural
      and immunocytochemical investigations of 6 monomorphic adenomas (5 from parotid
      and 1 from intraoral minor salivary gland) indicate that there are two classes of
      these lesions, one composed of two types of tumor cells and the other wholly or
      predominantly made up of one type of cell (isomorphic). In the former group, the
      organization of the tumor cells closely mimicked that of normal and hyperplastic
      salivary gland intercalated ducts. Aggregates of tumor cells were arranged as an
      inner layer of luminal epithelial cells which were surrounded by an outer layer
      of cells that, in some cases, had ultrastructural and immunohistochemical
      features indicating myoepithelial cell differentiation. In some adenomas formed
      by two types of tumor cells, basal-lamina-lined extracellular spaces were
      identified ultrastructurally in relation to modified myoepithelial cells; such
      spaces had the same fine-structural features as those reported in pleomorphic
      adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma. Predominantly isomorphic adenomas were
      composed exclusively of luminal epithelial cells. These results indicate that
      despite the varied histologic patterns in the numerous subtypes of monomorphic
      adenoma, there is a central theme of differentiation and organization in this
      type of neoplasm which recapitulates the ductoacinar unit of normal salivary
      gland parenchyma.

PMID- 6375389
TI  - Induction of maturation of human B-cell lymphomas in vitro. Morphologic changes
      in relation to immunoglobulin and DNA synthesis.
AB  - In vitro stimulation of cells from 8 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas comprising several
      histologic types with a tumor promotor (TPA) and with or without anti
      immunoglobulins directed against the surface immunoglobulin of the tumor cells is
      reported. Morphologic transformation to immunoblastic and plasmablastic cells,
      but not to plasma cells, and induction of Ig and DNA synthesis were observed. A
      comparative analysis, including flow cytofluorometry, light microscopy combined
      with immunocytochemistry, and electron microscopy, suggests that the three events
      may not always be associated phenomena at the single-cell level even in
      monoclonal cell populations.

PMID- 6375390
TI  - Effect of hematin on endothelial cells and endothelial cell-platelet
      interactions.
AB  - Hematin, a therapeutic agent for acute porphyrias, induces a coagulopathy
      characterized by thrombocytopenia and prolonged clotting times. In vitro, it
      activates platelets and inhibits thrombin and plasmin. Hematin has also been
      shown to participate in the activation of microsomal cyclooxygenase. The apparent
      diversity of hematin's effects on multiple hemostatic components as well as its
      role in prostaglandin synthesis led the authors to investigate the effects of
      hematin on endothelial cells and endothelial cell-platelet interactions. Marked
      morphologic alterations of cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells ( BAECs )
      were noted after exposure to as little as 2 micrograms/ml hematin in HEPES buffer
      or to 40 micrograms/ml of hematin in plasma (a level achieved during hematin
      therapy). These changes included cell retraction and surface vesiculation.
      Despite the apparent severity of the changes, there was no associated cell lysis
      or detachment. Furthermore, the cells resumed their cobblestone appearance after
      hematin had been removed. Platelet adhesion to hematin-treated monolayers was
      significantly increased, especially when low concentrations of hematin were
      included in the platelet suspensions. Prostacyclin production was not increased
      by BAECs exposed to hematin, presumably because of the inaccessibility of hematin
      to cyclooxygenase in intact cells. The endothelial changes observed in tissue
      culture are consistent with the clinical observations of phlebitis at the
      injection site and provide an additional explanation for the thrombocytopenia in
      patients receiving hematin therapy.

PMID- 6375391
TI  - Growth of human squamous head and neck cancer in vitro.
AB  - This study was undertaken to define the cloning efficiency of squamous head and
      neck (H/N) cancer in soft agar. Twenty squamous cell carcinomas of H/N origin
      were mechanically dissociated and cultured in the human tumor clonogenic assay (
      HTSCA ). No growth was observed. Nine ascites specimens from separate patients
      with ovarian cancer were cultured during the same time period, and six grew, all
      with more than 30 colonies per plate. Thirty-one additional H/N specimens were
      enzymatically dissociated and cultured in the HTSCA . Again, no growth was
      observed. Sixteen of these enzymatically dissociated specimens were
      simultaneously cultured in identical media without agar. Five specimens grew. We
      conclude that squamous carcinoma of H/N requires anchorage and fibroblast support
      for successful growth in culture. Suspension in semisolid media is less effective
      than liquid tissue culture systems for in vitro growth of this tumor type.

PMID- 6375392
TI  - Protein degradation following treatment with hydrogen peroxide.
AB  - Pretreatment of hemoglobin with 50-5000 nmol hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) increased
      its susceptibility to proteolysis by a number of purified enzymes, including
      trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, and plasmin, and by the neutral protease of rat
      peritoneal leukocytes. Pretreatment of the protein substrate with catalase
      inactivated H2O2 had no effect. Separation of the proteolytic fragments by G-75
      Sephadex gel filtration indicated no apparent differences in the size
      distribution of the fragments produced by treatment with the H2O2/proteolytic
      enzyme combination as compared with enzyme treatment alone. A partially purified
      preparation of rat glomerular basement membrane was also treated with proteolytic
      enzyme alone or in combination with H2O2. As with the hemoglobin, pretreatment of
      the glomerular basement membrane with H2O2 increased its susceptibility to
      subsequent proteolytic attack. In addition, treatment of a basement membrane
      glycoprotein, fibronectin, with H2O2 also increased its sensitivity to subsequent
      proteolysis. These results suggest that in addition to their other
      proinflammatory activities, oxygen-derived metabolites may contribute to tissue
      destruction by altering the susceptibility of proteins to hydrolytic enzymes.

PMID- 6375393
TI  - Selective binding of IgG4 and other negatively charged plasma proteins in normal
      and diabetic human kidneys.
AB  - Renal tissue from 9 patients with diabetes mellitus (4 with mild and 5 with end
      stage disease) and 3 with antiglomerular basement membrane (GBM) nephritis, as
      well as 5 normal human kidneys, were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy
      for the presence of plasma proteins of varying isoelectric point (pI). In normal
      and diabetic kidneys, IgG deposition in basement membranes was restricted to IgG4
      (pI 5.5-6.0), the subclass present in lowest concentration in human plasma. IgG1,
      IgG2, and IgG3 (pI 7.0-9.5) were not detected. In contrast, in anti-GBM
      nephritis, all four subclasses were present in a linear pattern in GBM. Other
      plasma proteins of low isoelectric point were detected in basement membranes:
      albumin (pI 4.9), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (pI 2.7), amyloid P (pI 3.9-4.8), and
      alpha-1-antitrypsin (pI 4.5). These studies are consistent with the hypothesis
      that circulating anionic plasma proteins are electrostatically bound in vivo to
      positively charged moieties in normal and especially diabetic basement membranes.

PMID- 6375395
TI  - ABO blood typing of human skeletal remains in Hungary.
AB  - The author reports about the theoretical effects of his paleoserologic
      investigations on some historical population genetics problems. First he refers
      to the essence of the two modifications by the help of which the fluorescent
      antibody method can be made suitable for blood typing or archeological skeletal
      remains and determines his working units (sample, series, "population") used in
      the paleoserologic researches. The benefits of the projection of the ABO blood
      typing results on the map of the cemetaries are demonstrated. The distribution of
      the several phenotypes are collated to the character or richness of the grave
      goods and to the taxonomic features of the late individuals. The thorough
      examination of the serogenetic distances among the several samples of a given
      historical period may cast more light on the ethnic interrelations of the earlier
      populations living in the same geographic area. Following up the serogenetic
      changes of a population during subsequent historical periods, new ideas can be
      gained about the importance of the environmental, economic, and demographic
      factors shaping the serogenetic profile of the population.

PMID- 6375394
TI  - Detection of chromogranin in neuroendocrine cells with a monoclonal antibody.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody ( LK2H10 ) produced against a human pheochromocytoma
      reacted immunohistochemically with 126 normal and neoplastic endocrine tissues
      with secretory granules which were formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded. Antibody
      LK2H10 did not react with 46 other endocrine tissues or tumors without secretory
      granules nor with 113 normal and neoplastic nonendocrine cells and tumors. Tumors
      with abundant secretory granules showed intense and diffuse staining, and tumors
      with few granules, such as Merkel cell carcinomas, neuroblastomas, and small cell
      carcinomas of lung, showed focal staining. Antibody LK2H10 did not react with
      melanomas, nevi, posterior pituitary, peripheral nerve tissues, or neurons. The
      target structure of LK2H10 was identified as human chromogranin, of which the
      major fraction was chromogranin A (mol wt 68,000 daltons). Preabsorption with
      purified chromogranin A blocked immunoperoxidase staining by LK2H10 in normal
      adrenal medulla, in the anterior pituitary, and in a pheochromocytoma.
      Ultrastructural immunohistochemistry with LK2H10 showed that chromogranin was
      present in cytoplasmic secretory granules. These results indicate that
      chromogranin is widely distributed in the secretory granules of most polypeptide
      producing endocrine tissues, and it is readily detected with the use of
      monoclonal antibody LK2H10 . The detection of this marker can be very helpful as
      a diagnostic aid for neuroendocrine cells and tumors.

PMID- 6375396
TI  - Dating and rating of Harris's lines.
AB  - Well-preserved skeletons of 50 Dutch whalers from the 17th and 18th centuries,
      buried on the island of Zeeusche Uytkyck , were excavated during the Spitsbergen
      Expedition 1980. In order to estimate the biological age of these skeletons at
      the time that Harris's lines were formed, a method which was developed from
      routine X-ray data on tibial growth was tested. Formation ages of diaphyseal
      lines and strong metaphyseal lines appear to correspond well with hypoplastic
      enamel deformations within the same individuals. Because of the involvement of
      both the bone and tooth developmental systems, and of the resistance of these
      lines to bone remodeling, it can be assumed that they generally are the result of
      serious health insults.

PMID- 6375397
TI  - Alexithymia: concept, measurement, and implications for treatment.
AB  - Alexithymia refers to a specific disturbance in psychic functioning characterized
      by difficulties in the capacity to verbalize affect and to elaborate fantasies.
      Although initially described in the context of psychosomatic illness, alexithymic
      characteristics may be observed in patients with a wide range of medical and
      psychiatric disorders. The author reviews the concept of alexithymia, including
      its historical background, clinical and demographic features, and possible
      etiology. He critically evaluates the different methods used to measure
      alexithymia and discusses the important implications it has for medical and
      psychiatric treatment.

PMID- 6375398
TI  - Relaxation and memory training in 39 elderly patients.
AB  - A group of 39 elderly subjects whose mean age was 76 years were taught a standard
      mnemonic technique to improve face and name recall. About half of the subjects
      (the experimental group) received relaxation training before learning the
      mnemonic, and the remainder (the control group) were taught a nonspecific method
      to improve attitudes. Final performance on name and face recall improved
      significantly more in the experimental group, and this improvement was
      significantly correlated with decreased state anxiety scores. These results
      indicate that relaxation training may enhance the ability of elderly individuals
      to benefit from memory and similar training programs.

PMID- 6375399
TI  - Degree of addiction and effectiveness of nicotine gum therapy for smoking.
AB  - In a double-blind trial, 48 smokers completed a nicotine tolerance questionnaire
      and then received nicotine gum or placebo during smoking cessation. Subjects
      given active gum were more likely to remain abstinent if their questionnaire
      responses indicated high nicotine dependence.

PMID- 6375400
TI  - Desipramine in the treatment of adolescents with attention deficit disorder.
AB  - Twelve adolescents with attention deficit disorder were treated with desipramine
      in an open trial to assess its efficacy and safety. Eleven patients improved
      within 1 month, and improvement was sustained for 6-12 months without significant
      adverse effects in nine patients.

PMID- 6375401
TI  - Sudden death and neuroleptic medication.

PMID- 6375402
TI  - A tribute to Elisabeth Enczi, M.D. November 10, 1914-April 25, 1982.

PMID- 6375403
TI  - Early gastric cancer.

PMID- 6375404
TI  - Synergistic antimalarial activity of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine against
      Plasmodium falciparum in vitro.
AB  - Two strains of Plasmodium falciparum were tested in vitro for sensitivity to the
      dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor pyrimethamine, the p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)
      analogue sulfadoxine, and combinations of both drugs. One strain was sensitive
      and one resistant to pyrimethamine in vitro. Parasites cultured in medium
      containing neither folic acid nor PABA were inhibited by 10(-6) M sulfadoxine, a
      concentration well below that achievable after therapeutic dosage. Folic acid
      added to this medium at a physiological concentration of 0.01 mg/liter caused a
      1,000-fold reduction in sulfadoxine activity; a 100-fold higher concentration of
      folic acid caused a 10-fold reduction in pyrimethamine activity. Sulfadoxine in a
      concentration of 10(-7) M was able to potentiate pyrimethamine activity in PABA
      free medium with no added folic acid or with 0.01 mg folic acid/liter. These data
      indicate that P. falciparum can utilize exogenous folic acid, and suggest that
      sulfadoxine may potentiate pyrimethamine activity by simultaneous inhibition of
      dihydrofolate reductase.

PMID- 6375405
TI  - Long term cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum in Aotus trivirgatus erythrocytes.
AB  - The erythrocytes of the Colombian owl monkey Aotus trivirgatus griseimembra can
      be used for the long-term in vitro cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum employing
      a modified Trager -Jensen method. Cultures are grown in HEPES-buffered RPMI-1640
      using a 4% suspension of monkey erythrocytes and 10% pooled heat-inactivated
      human AB serum, with initial parasitemias in a range between 0.2 and 0.5%.
      Adaptation of new strains from human erythrocytes cultures can be performed by
      simply subculturing from human to owl monkey erythrocytes in a stepwise manner.
      When 5% human AB serum is included in cultures to support growth, as much as 5%
      monkey serum can be added in order to investigate serum effects, such as antibody
      activity against P. falciparum. The Aotus trivirgatus continuous culture system
      has provided a stable, consistent source of infected erythrocytes for in vitro
      experimentation, and the techniques developed have been used to further refine
      and support the animal experiments in progress.

PMID- 6375406
TI  - Host defenses in murine malaria: humoral immunity to Plasmodium berghei in mice.
AB  - Humoral immunity to Plasmodium berghei infection of F1 hybrid B6D2 (C57B1/6 X
      DBA/2) mice was investigated using an immune serum prepared from mice which
      survived a lethal challenge of erythrocytic stage P. berghei because of previous
      vaccination with formalin-killed P. berghei. Immune serum, but not normal serum,
      if injected intraperitoneally or intravenously soon after infection, during
      rapidly increasing parasitemia, transiently inhibited the progress of infection
      in a pattern which was directly related to the dose and timing of serum
      injection. However, the level of restriction of parasitemia caused by the
      intravenous injection of 1 ml of immune serum could not be improved upon by
      subsequent additional 1-ml injections of the same serum, and parasitemia in all
      mice, whether delayed by immune serum or not, ultimately progressed to death. The
      protective capacity of the immune serum was markedly specific for plasmodial
      species but absorption with formalin-killed homologous parasites failed to remove
      the protective component. No variants of P. berghei insensitive to inhibition by
      immune serum were detected. The results support the view that humoral immunity to
      P. berghei may be mediated by more than one soluble factor and effected through
      at least two different pathways.

PMID- 6375407
TI  - Doxycycline prophylaxis of travelers' diarrhea in Honduras, an area where
      resistance to doxycycline is common among enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.
AB  - Daily doxycycline (DX), known to be effective prophylaxis against travelers'
      diarrhea (TD) in areas of the world where enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)
      are sensitive to the drug, has not been extensively studied in geographic areas
      where antibiotic resistance is common. Therefore we studied 44 U.S. Peace Corps
      Volunteers during their first 5 weeks in Honduras, which is such an area. During
      the first 3 weeks, volunteers took daily either 100 mg DX or placebo (PL) in a
      double-blind, randomized fashion. All 22 taking PL developed TD during the first
      3 weeks, compared to 7 of 22 (32%) taking DX (P less than 0.001; 68% protection).
      ETEC were isolated from 39% of episodes of TD. From the PL group, ETEC from 7 of
      13 stool samples (54%) were resistant to DX, whereas from the DX group, ETEC from
      10 of 11 stool samples were resistant (P less than 0.05). TD that developed in
      persons taking DX was also found to be less severe, as judged by length of
      illness (P less than 0.01) and frequency of stools (P less than 0.05). This study
      demonstrates that DX 1) significantly prevents TD even in areas where antibiotic
      resistance is common, although it does not prevent TD caused by docycycline 
      resistant ETEC, and 2) significantly diminishes the severity of illness.

PMID- 6375408
TI  - Demonstration of spotted fever group rickettsiae in the tache noire of a healthy
      person in Sicily.
AB  - A human case of rickettsial infection occurred in Sicily following tick bite. The
      patient did not have fever, the typical nodular rash, or other symptoms of
      illness other than development of a tache noire containing spotted fever group
      rickettsiae, which were demonstrated by immunofluorescence. A high titer of
      antibodies of the IgG class suggests that the patient may have had previous
      exposure to Rickettsia conorii or a related spotted fever group rickettsia. An
      anamnestic response may be hypothesized to have conferred partial immunity, with
      resulting containment of rickettsiae at the site of inoculation.

PMID- 6375410
TI  - The failing myocardium. Historical notes.
AB  - The management of the failing myocardium was primarily empirical for centuries,
      until Withering introduced foxglove (digitalis) in 1785 as an effective
      medication. Gradually, the medical treatment included, besides digitalis
      preparations, the use of diuretics to reduce excessive sodium and water
      retention; limiting salt and water intake; and the administration of drugs to
      combat vasoconstriction, irregular rhythms, and hypertension. Cardiac surgery
      emerged for the correction of mechanical lesions while relieving the strain on
      the myocardium, first in patients with congenital heart diseases and then in
      those with acquired disease, by closed and then open techniques. In arresting the
      heart for more precise surgery, the combination of hypothermic and potassium
      induced arrest proved to be minimally damaging to the myocardium. However, the
      search goes on. Mechanical cardiac assist apparatus have been successful in
      buying time for salvage of patients with failing myocardia refractory to
      conventional methods. Heart and, more recently, heart-lung transplantations are
      now having long-term survival. The opportunity for me to present these historical
      notes is a great privilege , since I have been involved in the problems of heart
      surgery for more than four decades.

PMID- 6375411
TI  - Penile block for pain relief after circumcision in children. A randomized,
      prospective trial.
AB  - The value of adjunctive penile block for analgesia, after circumcision in
      children using 0.5 percent bupivacaine has been evaluated in this randomized,
      prospective trial. Significantly more children without nerve block were found to
      require analgesics, administered by injection orally, in the first 12 hour period
      when compared with children given the nerve block. Penile block is a procedure
      that is safe, simple to achieve, free from complications, and covers the
      postoperative period when analgesia is much needed.

PMID- 6375412
TI  - [Relation between oxidation and composition of porcelain fused-to Ni-Cr alloys].

PMID- 6375409
TI  - Blood leukocyte response in hosts parasitized by the hematophagous arthropods
      Triatoma protracta and Lutzomyia longipalpis.
AB  - The kinetics of peripheral blood basophil and eosinophil responses in guinea pigs
      to multiple infestation by nymphal and adult Triatoma protracta (vessel feeder)
      and adult Lutzomyia longipalpis (pool feeder) were examined. Hosts exhibited
      significant blood basophil and eosinophil responses to feeding by both
      arthropods. Basophilia was slow to develop and mild in intensity following
      primary Triatoma infestation but exhibited immediate anamnestic-type responses to
      secondary infestation, with marked but delayed-type responses to tertiary
      infestation. Basophilia developed quickly in guinea pigs infested with Lutzomyia,
      and this response remained fairly consistent throughout the three infestation
      periods. Eosinophils did not respond to primary Triatoma infestation but
      exhibited marked immediate responses to both secondary and tertiary infestations.
      Lutzomyia-infested hosts exhibited marked eosinophilia in response to all
      infestations. Eosinophil levels returned to control levels 10 days post-tertiary
      infestation in Triatoma hosts, whereas Lutzomyia hosts exhibited normal
      eosinophil levels within 3-4 days after peak response. This study demonstrates
      that hosts respond to fast-feeding hematophagous arthropods with a peripheral
      blood basophilia and eosinophilia, as reported for slow-feeding (ticks)
      hematophagous arthropods. The difference in feeding strategy, whether vessel or
      pool feeder, appears to be reflected by differences in host blood leukocyte
      kinetics in response to parasitization by specific arthropods.

PMID- 6375413
TI  - [A morphological study on the dental caries invasion in the first molars. 2.
      Observation on serial non-decalcified ground specimens].

PMID- 6375414
TI  - As I remember her: Anna Freud, 1895-1982.

PMID- 6375415
TI  - Severe hyponatremia associated with captopril therapy.

PMID- 6375416
TI  - Rhinitis medicamentosa. Conceptualization, incidence, and treatment.

PMID- 6375417
TI  - Some historical aspects of the treatment of hypothermia.

PMID- 6375419
TI  - Conception, birth, and growth of the Australian Dermatopathology Society.

PMID- 6375418
TI  - Traditional surgery of the Alaska natives.

PMID- 6375421
TI  - What histologic finding distinguishes superficial pemphigus and bullous impetigo?

PMID- 6375420
TI  - The man behind the eponym. Jean-Nicolas Marjolin.

PMID- 6375423
TI  - The Austrian Society of Dermatopathology.

PMID- 6375422
TI  - Marjolin's ulcer. Report of two cases and evidence that Marjolin did not describe
      cancer arising in scars of burns.
AB  - Two patients who developed malignant neoplasms in scars (Marjolin's ulcers) are
      described in this report. The first patient developed a squamous cell carcinoma
      in the site of a chronic, draining urinary fistula. The malignancy later
      metastasized. The second patient developed a squamous cell carcinoma and a basal
      cell carcinoma in a scar from a burn and a keratoacanthoma in a scar from a
      vaccination. The history of the eponym "Marjolin's ulcer" is traced and it is
      pointed out that Marjolin did not describe the condition he is eponymously
      credited with, but that the false ascription to him arose over time.

PMID- 6375424
TI  - The man behind the eponym. Eugene Apert (1868-1940).

PMID- 6375426
TI  - Cultural level interventions in the arena of alcoholism.
AB  - Three traditions of alcoholism are reviewed: a moral model, a disease model, and
      a public health model. The public health model is emerging as a major
      paradigmatic shift, supported by substantial empirical data of the past decade.
      The arena of alcoholism has heretofore included only alcoholics, and excluded
      consideration of all other drinkers. The public health model reformulates
      alcoholism as a general population problem. The definition of alcoholism is
      disaggregated into discrete behavioral factors. In turn, this affords
      consideration of targeted interventions at different levels of cultural action to
      modify alcoholic factors in drinking behavior.

PMID- 6375425
TI  - Community intervention in the treatment of alcoholism.

PMID- 6375427
TI  - Alcoholism treatment: new options for social intervention.

PMID- 6375428
TI  - Increased urinary folate excretion and decreased plasma folate levels in the rat
      after acute ethanol treatment.
AB  - A common complication of chronic alcohol abuse is folic acid deficiency, which
      can result from poor dietary intake and from a direct effect of ethanol on folate
      metabolism, such as the acute decrease in serum folate levels. Ethanol (4 g/kg
      body weight) was administered orally to male Sprague-Dawley rats to study the rat
      as a suitable animal model for the acute effects of ethanol. The concentration of
      folate in the urine, determined by Lactobacillus casei assay, as well as the
      amount of urinary folate excretion were markedly increased 4 hr after ethanol
      administration. After 14 hr, the total plasma folate level was significantly
      depressed to 50% of control levels. No significant changes were observed in the
      total folate levels in the liver and red cell nor in the levels of individual
      hepatic folate monoglutamate derivatives determined by high pressure liquid
      chromatography assay. These results indicate that acute ethanol administration to
      rats produces a marked increase in the urinary excretion of folate compounds,
      which leads to a decrease in plasma folate levels. The acute decrease in plasma
      folate levels in ethanol-treated rats is similar to that seen in humans and
      suggests that the rat is an appropriate model for the study of the acute effects
      of ethanol on folate metabolism.

PMID- 6375429
TI  - Predicting treatment outcome after ten years among American Indian alcoholics.
AB  - Forty-five American Indian alcoholics were intensively studied in 1970-1971. In
      addition to the usual demographic characteristics, research scales included
      Alcoholism History Scale, Alcohol Withdrawal Scale, Indian Culture Affiliation
      Scale, Social Competence Scale, Legal Problems Scale, Psychiatric Problems Scale,
      Liver Dysfunction Scale, Malnutrition Scale, and Abnormal Laboratory Screening
      Scale. These findings in 1970-1971 were then correlated with a four-item outcome
      rating obtained in 1980-1981. Better outcome was associated with less parental
      loss, ever having been married, compliance with treatment recommendations, and
      having predominantly Indian rather than non-Indian friends. Women alcoholics were
      unlikely to deteriorate and still survive, although this was the most frequent
      pattern among the men. Higher Indian Culture Affiliation and more severe Liver
      Dysfunction in 1970-1971 were correlated with better outcome in 1980-1981.
      Possible explanations for these findings are considered.

PMID- 6375430
TI  - No effect of acute ethanol administration on hepatic protein synthesis and export
      in the rat in vivo.
AB  - Ethanol was administered as a single p.o. dose (2.88 g X kg-1) to male rats (220
      265 g body weight) to give blood alcohol concentrations of 40-50 mM for the
      following 3 hr. Controls were given isoenergetic amounts of either sucrose or
      lipid. Liver protein synthetic rates were measured during a 20 min interval at
      the end of the 3 hr period following the administration of diets. Although
      ethanol caused a 32% reduction of the incorporation of labelled valine into liver
      protein compared to the sucrose group during the 20 min interval, no such
      reduction was found when the synthetic rate of stationary liver protein was
      calculated (182 vs. 214 (not significant) pmol X mg protein-1 X min-1) for same
      interval. There was no difference between the ethanol and lipid group with regard
      to either incorporation or synthetic rates. Incorporation of valine into plasma
      proteins was reduced in the ethanol group compared to the sucrose group, but not
      compared to the lipid control group, again demonstrating no ethanol-specific
      effect. When the incorporation into plasma proteins was divided by the specific
      radioactivity of valyl-tRNA at 20 min, the difference between the ethanol and the
      sucrose group disappeared. The fraction of newly synthesized proteins exported to
      the plasma measured 40 min after the injection of labeled valine, was equal in
      all three treatment groups. It was concluded that acute administration of ethanol
      has no consistent effect on liver protein synthesis and secretion in vivo.

PMID- 6375431
TI  - Effect of fasting on the activity and turnover of rat liver alcohol
      dehydrogenase.
AB  - Alcohol dehydrogenase activity in rat liver decreased with fasting to about 60%
      of the fed level, but the specific activities of the enzyme purified from livers
      of fed and 12- or 48-hr fasted animals were similar, 3.2-3.4 U/mg protein.
      Therefore, the decrease in enzyme activity with fasting should have resulted from
      a decrease in the amount of enzyme protein. Accordingly, the turnover of alcohol
      dehydrogenase was examined in fed and fasted rats. The fractional rate of enzyme
      synthesis (ks) in fed rats was determined by radioisotopic methods to be 0.13 day
      1 and it increased to 0.18 day-1 after a 12- or 48-hr fast. The absolute rate of
      synthesis (V) and the fractional rate of degradation (kd) were calculated from
      these ks values and the total enzyme content in livers from animals that were
      fasted for 8 to 72 hr. After 48-72 hr of fasting, V decreased 16% and kd
      increased about 20% with respect to the fed values. Together, these changes
      accounted for the lowered enzyme activity in the fasted state. The rapid decrease
      in enzyme activity with fasting, t1/2 congruent to 16 hr, was found to be due to
      a rapid increase in kd from 0.14-0.16 day-1 in fed animals to 0.61 day-1 during
      the first 8 hr after the initiation of fast. Thereafter, kd decreased steadily to
      reach 0.18 day-1 after 48-72 hr of fasting.

PMID- 6375432
TI  - Ethanol-induced microcephaly in neonatal rats: relation to dose.
AB  - Neonatal rats were exposed to several different doses of ethanol during the first
      part of the brain growth spurt (postnatal days 5, 6, 7 and 8) and examined for
      decreased brain weights at 18 days of age. The occurrence of reduced brain weight
      was found to require a dose of at least 6.0 g ethanol/kg body weight/day. Above
      this dose, the extent of brain weight reduction was related to increased dose,
      provided death from overdose did not occur. Measured blood ethanol levels
      suggested that blood levels below 100 mg/100 ml failed to result in significant
      brain weight reductions. The possibility that blood ethanol levels below this
      point may impair brain growth in more subtle ways remains to be determined.

PMID- 6375433
TI  - Circadian variations in behavioral and biological sensitivity to ethanol.
AB  - In rats, behavioral (startle response and motor activity) and physiological
      (plasma corticosterone, nonesterified fatty acids, blood ethanol levels, liver
      alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, and body temperature) responses to
      ethanol were measured over the 24-hr cycle. The response to ethanol for many of
      these measures showed circadian variations. Both stimulatory and inhibitory
      effects of ethanol were observed for several dependent variables at the same
      time, relative to controls. These results suggest that many discrepancies in the
      ethanol literature may be due to a light cycle X dependent variable interaction.

PMID- 6375434
TI  - Adolescent sons of alcoholics: neuropsychological and personality
      characteristics.
AB  - Adolescent sons of alcoholics and nonalcoholics were compared on a battery of
      intellectual, neuropsychological, personality, and behavioral measures. The
      former group demonstrated certain neuropsychological deficits in perceptual-motor
      ability, memory, and language processing. They also had auditory and visual
      attentional impairments and a lower level of achievement in reading
      comprehension. In addition, the sons of alcoholics presented a more neurotic
      personality profile than sons of nonalcoholics. They were, however, less
      impulsive than the comparison group. More development and familial problems were
      noted in the alcoholics' offspring as well. The implications of these findings
      for understanding the causes and consequences of alcoholism are discussed.

PMID- 6375435
TI  - Estimated lethal ethanol concentrations in relation to age, aspiration, and
      drugs.
AB  - In 98 deaths certified to be due to accidental alcohol poisoning, maximum
      antemortal blood ethanol concentrations were estimated as the sum of postmortal
      concentration and the product of blood ethanol elimination rate (0.258
      g/liter/hr) and the time interval between the discontinuation of drinking and
      death. The estimated mean maximum concentration (g/liter) was 4.63 for
      uncomplicated cases, 4.26 for cases with heart disease, 3.98 for cases in which
      aspiration of stomach contents had contributed to death, 3.59 for ethanol
      barbiturate poisonings, and 3.11 for combinations of ethanol and other
      psychotropic drugs. The mean for this last group was significantly lower than
      that for the first or the second group (p less than .001). The mean concentration
      for ethanol-barbiturate poisonings was signicantly lower than the mean for the
      uncomplicated cases (p = .01). In the two first groups combined, the higher the
      age, the lower the ethanol concentration (r = -.27; p = .02). Likewise, the
      postmortal blood ethanol concentration correlated negatively with age (r = -.26;
      p = .02), after controlling for the time interval. The lethal ethanol
      concentration for the aged seems to be lower than that for young people. A
      possible explanation for this phenomenon is the loss of ethanol tolerance.

PMID- 6375436
TI  - Effects of ethanol: I. Acute metabolic tolerance and ethnic differences.
AB  - Forty-five young men were given an initial dose of ethanol calculated to achieve
      a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 100 mg of ethanol/100 ml of blood. Using
      breath analysis, the rates of ethanol clearance were calculated over a period of
      a few hours. When each individual reached a BAC level exactly one-half (about 50
      mg%) that seen at his peak BAC, he was given a second dose of ethanol amounting
      to 45% of his initial dose, and the clearance rate was again determined.
      Estimates of absorption time, peak BAC, volume of distribution, clearance rate,
      and other metabolic parameters were made separately following each dose of
      ethanol. As intended, there was no significant difference between peak 1 and peak
      2; however, there was a significant increase in clearance rate (beta 60) after
      dose 2. We term this phenomenon acute metabolic tolerance to ethanol ( AMTE ).
      When the sample was stratified by ethnicity, there was a trend for men of
      Oriental ancestry to clear the drug at a faster rate than was the case for men of
      Caucasian or Polynesian ancestry. The data also indicated that prior drinking
      history may have had an effect on clearance rate, though this differed by
      ethnicity. Two different methods for estimating volume of distribution (V) were
      used. The correlation between the separate estimates obtained was poor, and is
      probably an indication of the need for development of more accurate methods for
      estimating V.

PMID- 6375438
TI  - Second Congress of the International Society for Biomedical Research on
      Alcoholism and the annual meeting of the Research Society on Alcoholism. June 24
      29, 1984, Santa Fe, New Mexico. Abstracts.

PMID- 6375437
TI  - A field test of the sweat patch.
AB  - The sweat patch is a new, noninvasive method designed to estimate the ethanol
      consumption of drinking subjects. It consists of salt-impregnated absorbent pads
      protected by a plastic chamber with attached water-tight adhesive. The patch
      reportedly collects transepidermal fluid at a steady rate for up to 10 days.
      Recent laboratory research has indicated a linear relationship between the
      concentration of ethanol in transepidermal fluid and mean concentration of
      ethanol in blood. Levels of ethanol in the sweat patch allowed identification of
      persons drinking at least 0.5 g of ethanol/kg/day with 100% sensitivity and
      specificity. The study reported here was conducted to test the field
      effectiveness of this sweat patch in normal, active research subjects. First,
      several pretests were conducted to determine the optimal location of the patch on
      the body and its fluid uptake at various sites. A laboratory experiment using
      nonalcoholic subjects was conducted to replicate previous work, and methods of
      measuring ethanol concentration in the patch were refined. A field test of the
      patch was then carried out. Healthy active volunteers drank a single "moderate"
      dose of ethanol (0.5 g of ETOH/kg of body weight) and then remained abstinent for
      the next 3 days. A week later, a "heavy" dose (1.0/kg of body weight) was
      consumed. Only a trace of ethanol was detected in any of the patches worn in
      either experiment. The patch did not measure ethanol in the transepidermal fluid
      under field conditions. Thus, further design modifications and pilot testing are
      required before the full benefits of this unobtrusive measure of drinking can be
      realized.

PMID- 6375439
TI  - [Hereditary angioedema].

PMID- 6375440
TI  - Heterogeneity of autoimmune thyroiditis.

PMID- 6375441
TI  - [Biological and therapeutic significance of atmospheric ions].

PMID- 6375442
TI  - [Empirical basis for a model of the oral glucose tolerance test].

PMID- 6375444
TI  - Directory of nurses with doctoral degrees 1984.

PMID- 6375443
TI  - [Homage to academic seniority. The Most Excellent Dr. Benigno Lorenzo Velazquez
      of the Royal National Academy of Medicine].

PMID- 6375445
TI  - Insulin-dependent diabetic patients during surgery and labour. Use of continuous
      intravenous insulin-glucose-potassium infusions.
AB  - Twenty seven insulin-dependent diabetic patients received a continuous
      intravenous infusion of an insulin-glucose-potassium solution whilst undergoing
      elective surgical or obstetric procedures. The dose of insulin was adjusted
      according to blood glucose values. It was concluded that the regimen is safe and
      simple to manage and should result in good control of blood glucose levels.

PMID- 6375446
TI  - The Macintosh laryngoscope. A historical note on its clinical and commercial
      development.
AB  - It is 40 years since Sir Robert Macintosh discovered the principle of indirect
      elevation of the epiglottis and developed the laryngoscope which bears his name.
      The author celebrates the anniversary of this revolution in intubation with some
      notes on the early commercial history of the instrument and a description of a
      Longworth version made about 1945.

PMID- 6375447
TI  - The anaesthetic management of bone marrow harvest for transplantation.
AB  - The anaesthetic management of 217 donors undergoing 236 operative procedures to
      donate bone marrow for allogeneic transplantation or for autologous grafting is
      described. The procedures were those performed between November 1979 and the end
      of October 1982.

PMID- 6375448
TI  - Purification of oligo dG-tailed Okayama-Berg linker DNA fragments by oligo dC
      cellulose chromatography.
AB  - A simple procedure for preparation of oligo dG-tailed DNA fragments is presented.
      The fragments are first purified by ultracentrifugation through sucrose gradients
      at low salt concentration. Appropriate gradient fractions are then adjusted to 1
      M NaCl and immediately applied to a column of oligo dC-cellulose equilibrated in
      buffered 1 M NaCl at 4 degrees C. Fragments are eluted with water at room
      temperature. Passage through the column achieves, in one step, the concentration
      and purification of oligo dG-tailed DNA fragments free from sucrose.

PMID- 6375449
TI  - Visualization and elution of unstained proteins from polyacrylamide gels.
AB  - Proteins fractionated by electrophoresis on 18% polyacrylamide gels with low
      crosslinking can be directly visualized by ultraviolet light-induced fluorescence
      and can be recovered by electroelution.

PMID- 6375450
TI  - A general immunochemical method for detecting proteins on blots.
AB  - Following horizontal electroelution, or blotting, of proteins from polyacrylamide
      gels to immobilizing matrices, such as nitrocellulose or Zeta-bind paper, the
      transferred proteins can be derivatized in situ with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and
      sodium borohydride. After a quenching step to eliminate nonspecific binding of
      antibody to the protein-binding matrix, the blot is incubated with a solution
      containing a mouse monoclonal antibody specific for the 5'-phosphopyridoxyl
      group. The transferred proteins can then be located on the blot with second
      antibody staining procedures employing either a peroxidase-linked goat anti-mouse
      F(ab')2 antibody or a peroxidase-linked avidin/biotin system. The solid-phase
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method described in this report is a mild,
      general, and sensitive immunochemical method for the detection of proteins on
      protein-binding matrices.

PMID- 6375451
TI  - An immunospecific enzyme assay for horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - A sensitive assay highly specific for horseradish peroxidase has been developed.
      The basic principle of the procedure is similar to that of the enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay technique. Sensitivity is the range 0.156-2.5 ng/ml.
      Background activity in undiluted plasma and lymph under these conditions is
      negligible.

PMID- 6375452
TI  - A new photometric assay for blood alcohol.
AB  - The proposed method for ethanol determination is based on the simultaneous
      oxidation of ethanol and reduction of nitrosodimethylaniline to a quinonediimine
      derivative in the presence of NAD and horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase.
      Quinonediimine formed in this reaction is coupled with salicylamide and the
      absorbance of the resulting blue indaniline dye is measured. The new method
      yields identical results when compared with the currently used methods for the
      determination of blood alcohol (i.e., with the conventional enzymatic method,
      Widmark's method, and gas chromatography). Its main advantage is high
      sensitivity, little consumption of both enzyme and coenzyme, and the measurement
      in the visible range of the spectrum.

PMID- 6375453
TI  - A highly sensitive photometric method for proton release or uptake: difference
      protometry.
AB  - A highly sensitive quantitative method was developed to detect protons released
      or taken up upon ligand binding. A small change in pH due to proton release or
      uptake was detected by measuring the difference in the absorbance of a pH
      indicator upon ligand addition. Owing to the difference detection of protons, the
      uncertainty of pH due to CO2 dissolution and unknown buffering capacities of
      sample solutes could be compensated with easy manipulations. Precise calibration
      of the absolute amount of protons could also be made very easily. The amount of
      protons measurable by the method is as small as 0.5 nmol that is 10 to 30 times
      more sensitive than the pH-stat method. We measured the Mg2+ ion-induced proton
      releases of ADP to confirm the accuracy and reliability of the method and of
      Escherichia coli ribosomes to show the improvement in sensitivity. The method is
      useful for protometric studies of biomolecules that are difficult to obtain in
      large amount.

PMID- 6375454
TI  - High-performance molecular sieve chromatography of proteins on agarose columns:
      the relation between concentration and porosity of the gel.
AB  - Curves showing the relation between log (molecular weight) and distribution
      coefficient are presented for proteins subjected to molecular sieve
      chromatography on crosslinked and non-crosslinked agarose gels of different
      concentrations. These curves, which facilitate selection of the gel concentration
      that gives optimal resolution in any particular separation problem, show that the
      exclusion limit of 5, 9, 12, and 20% agarose gels correspond to protein with
      molecular weights above 1,000,000, 600,000, 450,000, and 280,000, respectively.
      Plate numbers have been determined for columns of 20% agarose at different flow
      rates and bead sizes. Separations of model proteins by high-performance molecular
      sieve chromatography on agarose beads are shown.

PMID- 6375455
TI  - Europium as a label in time-resolved immunofluorometric assays.
AB  - A nonisotopic immunoassay has been developed based on a sensitive detection of
      europium (III) in water solution using time-resolved fluorometry. The europium
      label is bound to the antibody with EDTA derivatives, either diazophenyl-EDTA-Eu
      or isothiocyanatophenyl-EDTA-Eu. After the immunometric assay has been completed
      the europium is preferably dissociated from the antibody at low pH and measured
      by time-resolved fluorescence in a micellar solution containing Triton X-100,
      beta-diketone, and a Lewis base. The detergent solubilizes the chelating
      compounds in the solution and excludes water from the fluorescent ligand-europium
      complex. Europium concentrations as low as 5 X 10(-14)M were measured using a 1-s
      counting time. The sensitivity of the immunoassay of rabbit IgG used as a model
      system was 25 pg/ml (6 pg/assay).

PMID- 6375456
TI  - Glycerol, sucrose, and other diol-containing reagents are not inert components in
      in vitro incubations containing aminoacyl-tRNA.
AB  - The addition of glycerol, sucrose, or other diol-containing reagents to solutions
      of aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) substantially increased the rate of hydrolysis of the
      aminoacyl ester bond. Glycerol at 4.9% (v/v) doubled the rate of deacylation for
      several aa-tRNAs and peptidyl-tRNAs, including fMet-tRNAMetf, while 1% (v/v)
      glycerol increased the deacylation rate by 20%. This effect was not caused by a
      nuclease contamination, and tRNA deacylated in the presence of glycerol could be
      fully recharged. The deacylation of aa-tRNA was accelerated by glycerol and
      sucrose even in the presence of EF-Tu X GTP. In addition, the extent of tRNA
      aminoacylation was reduced when glycerol was present at concentrations above 2%
      (v/v). Thus, glycerol and sucrose are not necessarily inert or neutral additions
      to an in vitro incubation.

PMID- 6375457
TI  - Competitive solid phase enzyme-linked immunoassay for the quantification of
      limonin in citrus.
AB  - A solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative determination of the bitter
      triterpene-lactone, limonin, in citrus juice samples is described. As little as
      0.1 ppm of limonin can be detected. Quantitative results are available within 1 h
      of total assay time. The assay makes use of a limonin-alkaline phosphatase tracer
      of high immunoreactivity and has been semiautomated using antibody-coated
      polystyrene microcuvettes, a vertical light path photometer, and a forced-air
      microplate incubator.

PMID- 6375458
TI  - Assay of biological thiols by a combination of high-performance liquid
      chromatography and postcolumn reaction with 6,6'-dithiodinicotinic acid.
AB  - A simple and rapid method for the determination of nanomole levels of biological
      thiols is described. The analysis is based on the combination of reverse-phase
      high-performance liquid chromatography with a postcolumn reaction with 6,6'
      dithiodinicotinic acid. Thiols, including cysteine, cysteamine, thiolhistidine,
      homocysteine, glutathione, penicillamine, ergothioneine, and thiouracil were
      separated by eluting with 33 mM KH2PO4 at pH 2.2. Glutathione, cysteine,
      cysteamine, homocysteine, and penicillamine were quantitatively determined with
      detection limits of 0.1 nmol, while the quantitative detection of thiolhistidine,
      ergothioneine, and thiouracil was not successful. The method was applied to the
      assay of glutathione in human erythrocytes and Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6375459
TI  - Observations on uterine mast cells during early pregnancy in the vole, Microtus
      agrestis.
AB  - The vole, Microtus agrestis, was chosen for this study of mast cells during early
      pregnancy because this species does not show spontaneous estrous cycles. Mast
      cell numbers in the uterus are known to vary during the estrous cycle in some
      species (rat, cow, Syrian hamster). Mast cell changes during early pregnancy in
      the vole could not reflect hormonal changes which had occurred during a preceding
      estrous cycle. Mast cells in the uterus (myometrium, endometrium, and mesometrial
      triangle) and ear skin were examined at 0 hours (virgin, estrus) and at 24, 48,
      72 and 96 hours postcoitum (p.c.). The stain used was 0.06% toluidine blue in
      0.12 M Michaelis's veronal acetate-hydrochloric acid buffer at pH 4.5. The number
      of mast cells observed in the uterus was not significantly affected when the
      nondehydrating fixative used routinely ( Helly 's solution) was substituted by a
      dehydrating fixative (Carnoy's solution without chloroform). The number of mast
      cells in the myometrium decreased from 0 to 72 hours p.c. and increased from 72
      to 96 hours p.c. There was no significant variation in mast cell numbers in the
      endometrium. The number of mast cells in ear skin and in the mesometrial triangle
      decreased from 0 to 48 hours p.c. An increase occurred from 48 to 96 hours p.c.
      in ear skin and from 72 to 96 hours p.c. in the mesometrium.

PMID- 6375460
TI  - An improved perfusion technique for fixation of sheep myocardium.
AB  - Although sheep have been widely used as models in the study of cardiac
      physiology, corresponding morphologic and morphometric data are scanty. For
      meaningful correlation of morphometric data with physiological information, it is
      desirable that fixation of the heart occur under controlled conditions. This
      paper describes a technique for in situ, retrograde aortic perfusion fixation of
      sheep myocardium under conditions of controlled pressure and minimal wastage of
      fixative. This is achieved by the application of snares around the
      brachiocephalic trunk and aortic arch, which are tightened at the start of the
      perfusion. These isolate the ascending aorta and the coronary vasculature from
      the remainder of the circulation and allow fixation of the whole heart at a
      controlled pressure. The method produces good fixation and contrast for
      transmission electron microscopy and is applicable to late-gestation fetuses,
      lambs, and adult sheep.

PMID- 6375461
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)
      in the hypothalamus of adult female hamsters treated neonatally with monosodium
      glutamate or hypertonic saline.
AB  - The immunohistochemical localization of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
      (LHRH) was studied in paraffin and vibratome-sectioned tissue from adult female
      hamsters that were treated neonatally with monosodium glutamate (MSG) or
      hypertonic saline. There appeared to be a reduction in LHRH-positive fibers in
      the median eminence of animals with an MSG-induced lesion of the arcuate nucleus
      in paraffin-embedded tissue. However, when unembedded tissue was cut on a
      vibratome, the distribution of LHRH-positive fibers and perikarya was similar in
      both groups of animals. Fibers were seen coursing through the periventricular
      area and lateral hypothalamus to the median eminence. In addition, LHRH-positive
      fibers were seen in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, subfornical
      organ, septal and preoptic areas, fasciculus retroflexus, habenular complex, and
      several regions in the basal forebrain. Animals that were pretreated with
      colchicine had LHRH-positive perikarya in the medial habenular nucleus, diagonal
      band of Broca, and the medial olfactory tract.

PMID- 6375462
TI  - Changes in the extracellular matrix components fibronectin and laminin during
      immune rejection of skeletal muscle.
AB  - Extracellular matrix is known to play an important role during development and
      maintenance of various tissues. In the present study, changes in two
      extracellular matrix glycoproteins, fibronectin and laminin, were investigated in
      skeletal muscle undergoing immune rejection. Purified antibodies against
      fibronectin and laminin were used to analyze the matrix by indirect
      immunofluorescence at various intervals after transplantation of extensor
      digitorum longus muscle in rats. Fibronectin and laminin were localized in the
      pericellular basement membrane zone of the normal myofibers; however, the
      cytoplasm was devoid of both glycoproteins. Transplanted muscle grafts underwent
      a process of degeneration and then an initial regeneration during the first 7
      days. This regeneration effort ceased with the onset of muscle rejection in 14
      day transplants. At this time, fibronectin was seen in the cytoplasmic region as
      well as the extracellular matrix of myofibers and myotubes. At later time
      intervals, an increased intensity of staining for fibronectin was seen throughout
      the rejected muscle. In muscle grafts undergoing regeneration but not rejection
      (i.e., nonantigenic grafts), such an increase in the presence of fibronectin was
      not seen ( Gulati et al., 1982). The distribution of laminin did not change
      during the rejection process and was localized in the basement membrane zone of
      myofibers and myotubes, although the overall configuration of the basement
      membranes was deformed and collapsed. It appears that the basement membranes are
      resistant to degradation, and staining for laminin persists in rejected muscle.
      These results show marked changes in the extracellular matrix of muscle
      undergoing rejection. The appearance of fibronectin during the initial stages of
      muscle rejection may have a causal relationship to the process of immune defence
      mechanism; however, the exact role of fibronectin remains elusive.

PMID- 6375463
TI  - Immunocytochemistry of albumin in hepatocytes after overnight starvation and
      during a diurnal cycle in young rats.
AB  - The indirect immunoperoxidase method was used to identify albumin in hepatocytes
      of young rats before and after periods of starvation and during a normal diurnal
      cycle. All liver cells in fed rats contained an abundance of albumin, whereas
      hepatocytes from overnight fasted animals showed minimal amounts of the protein.
      Hepatocytes in rats on the diurnal cycle generally contained more albumin during
      the light phase than in darkness. At the beginning of the dark phase, certain
      hepatocytes were low in albumin and they were located primarily around portal
      canals. Halfway through the dark period, these cells had increased in number and
      were located closer to terminal hepatic venules. Overnight starvation of young
      rats profoundly lowers hepatocyte albumin and the time of highest liver cell
      albumin content in the diurnal cycle of fed, young rats is during the first half
      of the light period.

PMID- 6375464
TI  - A controlled double-blind comparison of intramuscular lorazepam and hydroxyzine
      as surgical premedicants.
AB  - The safety and efficacy of lorazepam and hydroxyzine, administered
      intramuscularly for surgical premedication, were compared in a double-blind
      placebo-controlled study. Ninety patients were given either 0.05 mg/kg of
      lorazepam (maximum 4 mg), 1.5 mg/kg of hydroxyzine (maximum, 100 mg), or 1 ml of
      normal saline before surgery. By 60 min after injection, patients given lorazepam
      or hydroxyzine were significantly (P less than 0.05) more sedated than the
      placebo-treated patients. The sedative effect of lorazepam lasted longer than
      that of hydroxyzine. Baseline anxiety scores were low; thus differences in the
      anxiolytic effect of the test drugs were not detected. Lorazepam-treated patients
      were consistently less able to recall postinjection events than patients treated
      with hydroxyzine or placebo. The frequency of injection-site reactions was
      similar in the three treatment groups. Premedication with lorazepam was
      considered satisfactory by a higher percentage of patients (77%) than was that
      with hydroxyzine (62%) or placebo (34%); only lorazepam was considered
      significantly (P less than 0.005) superior to placebo. The advantages of a longer
      duration of sedative effect, a greater effect on recall, and higher patient
      acceptance favor the use of lorazepam over hydroxyzine for surgical
      premedication.

PMID- 6375465
TI  - Epidural buprenorphine--a double-blind study of postoperative analgesia and side
      effects.
AB  - Epidural buprenorphine was investigated as a postoperative analgesic in a
      randomized double-blind study of 158 patients given epidural analgesia with
      mepivacaine or bupivacaine for orthopedic surgery of the lower extremity. At the
      end of surgery, patients were given either 0.15 mg of epidural buprenorphine (n =
      38), 0.3 mg (n = 37) in 15-ml saline, or no further epidural injections (n = 47,
      control group) after 2% mepivacaine for intraoperative anesthesia. A fourth group
      (n = 36) received 0.3 mg of buprenorphine in 15-ml saline, after the
      intraoperative use of 0.5% bupivacaine. The patients rated postoperative pain.
      The need for additional analgesics as well as side effects were recorded.
      Analgesia after 0.15 mg buprenorphine was superior to that after no reinjection
      for 6 hr after surgery (P less than 0.05). Buprenorphine (0.3 mg) was superior
      both to no reinjection and to 0.15 mg of buprenorphine until the twelfth hour (P
      less than 0.05). Analgesia after bupivacaine followed by 0.3 mg of buprenorphine
      was not significantly different than analgesia seen after mepivacaine followed by
      0.3 mg of buprenorphine. There was an increase of PaCO2 of 2-5 mm Hg between 1.5
      3.5 hr after 0.3 mg of buprenorphine without any evidence for late respiratory
      depression. Other side effects, e.g., disturbances of micturition, pruritus,
      nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and headache, were comparably common in all groups.
      The epidural administration of 0.3 mg buprenorphine may be recommended for
      postoperative analgesia following orthopedic surgery of the lower extremity.

PMID- 6375466
TI  - Precautions in the anesthetic management of a patient with Creutzfield-Jacob
      disease.

PMID- 6375467
TI  - Occlusal therapy in the management of chronic orofacial pain.
AB  - Review of the literature indicates that most routine orofacial dysfunctions are
      characterized by deep pain. Various disorders of the masticatory systems,
      particularly musculoskeletal conditions, are thought to be triggered by occlusal
      disharmonies. The pain component develops following a pattern of bruxism, muscle
      hyperactivity, fatigue and spasm. Treatment for most disorders has been to modify
      the occlusion, although the rational for doing so appears questionable.CRITICAL
      ISSUES IN THE FIELD OF OCCLUSION RELATED TO OROFACIAL PAIN ARE REVIEWED: occlusal
      disharmonies, coincidence of retruded-intercuspal contact positions, non-working
      side interferences, maximum intercuspation of teeth, occlusal adjustment, and
      occlusal appliances.The studies reviewed fail to support the clinical objective
      of obtaining equal contact at retruded and intercuspal positions and that the
      lateral pterygoid muscles stabilize the temporomandibular joint. The relationship
      between non-working side interferences and pain dysfunction is also not readily
      supported by controlled studies. Occlusal adjustment appears to be unsatisfactory
      as a modality for management of pain: not all patients improved following
      treatment, some relapse occurs even with the most stable contacts, and other
      treatments such as intra-articular injections of corticosteroids reduced symptoms
      more readily. Occlusal splints seem to reduce most clinical signs and symptoms on
      both a short-term and long-term basis. Placement of mandibular orthopedic
      repositioning appliances results in reduction of pain in some patients, but
      usually this treatment is followed by extensive rehabilitation.Six major areas
      are suggested for clinical studies that attempt to relate occlusion to management
      of orofacial pain. These include: establishment of an ideal jaw position,
      sequencing of symptoms in the pain history, relationship of pain to other
      symptoms, development of physiological methods to assess how occlusal
      modification affects pain perception and pain tolerance, and determination of
      which treatment modalities produce the most effective relief of pain.

PMID- 6375468
TI  - The use of verbal relaxation therapy for sedation during dental therapy.
AB  - Verbal relaxation therapy is a valuable auxiliary aid in dentistry and oral
      surgery in the preparation of the patient prior to local anesthesia, operative
      dental procedures, or conscious sedation, with or without pharmacological
      adjuncts and in reducing the number of dental phobic patients.

PMID- 6375470
TI  - A case of a patient with deteriorating multisystem disease.

PMID- 6375471
TI  - [Comparison of bacteriological and immunoenzyme methods for the serum
      determination of sisomicin. Pharmacokinetic application in the human].
AB  - A modification of the serum gentamicin immunoenzymatic method (Syva- Biom  erieux
      kit) for sisomicin assay is proposed and compared to the bacteriological
      reference method. It shows a higher sensitivity (0.1 mg.l-1) with a shortened
      time of analysis (less than 1 hour) and a good reproducibility (range: 4.7% to
      1.6% for concentrations between 0.5 mg.l-1 and 10 mg.l-1) but the concentrations
      are 15 p. cent lower as compared to the bacteriological method. A pharmacokinetic
      study, performed in five patients, enables us to demonstrate the praticability of
      this method for the adaptation of the dosage regimen in renal insufficiency.

PMID- 6375469
TI  - Effects of flunarizine and pentoxifylline on walking distance and blood rheology
      in claudication.
AB  - Thirty-one patients, mean age 60 years (range 45-80 years), with a typical
      history and objective symptoms of intermittent claudication with a reported
      maximal walking distance less than 500 m, were included in a cross-over study.
      After a one month's run-in period on placebo, the patients were randomized into
      two groups: one group started with flunarizine (5 mg t.i.d.) and the other with
      pentoxifylline (400 mg t.i.d.). The treatment lasted 3 months, whereafter the
      medications were changed. The trial followed a double-blind design. The median of
      the maximal walking distance was 255 m after the placebo period, increasing
      significantly (p less than 0.01) during both medication periods: by 43% and 18%
      during flunarizine and pentoxifylline, respectively. No changes were recorded in
      the ankle systolic blood pressure ratio ( ASBP -ratio) after placebo or either
      medication period. Red cell rigidity (Pmax), which was initially elevated,
      decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) during both medication periods, but
      there were no significant differences between the two drugs. No changes were
      found in whole blood or plasma viscosity. We conclude that the decrease in red
      cell rigidity may have contributed to the increased walking distance.

PMID- 6375472
TI  - [Effector mechanisms of IgA].
AB  - Like all immunoglobulins (Ig), IgA has a double function: recognition of the
      antigen, situated in the Fab alpha fragments, and effector functions which allow
      elimination of the antigen (Ag), carried by the Fc alpha fragment. Secretory IgA
      ( IgAs ) is the principal Ig of external secretions and mucosae and has a
      different structure and composition from serum IgA. Its external function of
      protection against various forms of bacterial and viral aggression has been well
      established. Its general mechanism is "the immune exclusion of antigens" i.e.
      prevention of the penetration of the Ag into the organism by confining them to
      external secretions followed by elimination. The elimination of bacteria is
      facilitated by the immobilization and agglutination by IgA. Sometimes, with the
      aid of lysozyme, IgAs can be bacteriolytic. Antibacterial IgAs have a
      bacteriostatic function in synergy with lactoferrin and/or transferrin; they even
      reduce the bacterial production of siderophores. IgAs can inhibit bacterial
      adhesion to epithelial cells and can increase their adherence to mucus. The
      neutralization of viruses by IgA is due to inhibition of the first stage of
      infection, attachment and intracellular penetration of the virus. The same
      mechanism is involved in the neutralization of bacterial toxins. IgAs also
      decrease intestinal absorption of foreign proteins in the diet. It has been
      reported that antibacterial IgAs can cause certain bacteria to lose a plasmid
      which determines their infectivity. IgAs are able to protect themselves by
      neutralizing IgA1-proteases secreted by certain bacteria found on mucosal
      surfaces. Plasma IgA has a limited internal action compared to IgM or IgG. It is
      generally accepted that IgA barely activates complement (C) by the classical
      pathway and minimally opsonizes Ag for mono- and polymorphonuclear phagocytes.
      Antibacterial IgA are not bactericidal in the presence of complement and do not
      facilitate the phagocytosis of the bacteria to which they are attached. Certain
      unfavourable effector functions have even been described, such as a specific
      inhibition of complement fixation and bacterial lysis by IgM and IgG. Some IgA
      may non-specifically inhibit neutrophil chemotaxis as well as their bactericidal
      and phagocytic activities. It is difficult to believe that IgA, the second Ig (in
      quantity) in human serum, is simply useless or even harmful.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6375473
TI  - Circulating immune complexes and complement in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized immunologically by the detection of
      rheumatoid factor (RF) and circulating immune complexes (CIC). The pathogenesis
      role played by these CIC has been discussed a long time. A part of this
      theoretical question, it could be of interest to know if these technics could
      help the clinician in the diagnosis or in the follow up of the patients with RA.

PMID- 6375474
TI  - [Cellular immunology tests applied to the diagnosis of immune system
      dysfunctions].
AB  - In clinical immunology, improved standardisation and simplification have made
      skin and laboratory tests more amenable both to routine use and more rigorous
      interpretation. An individual's immune status can be assessed by the in vivo
      investigation of delayed hypersensitivity to widely distributed antigens or by
      techniques such as the mitogen test ot lymphoblast transformation, lymphocyte
      population and sub-population (e.g. T4, T8...) counts. A more delicate test of
      phagocytosis is provided by the chemoluminescence test. Investigation of allergic
      states (immediate hypersensitivity) relies on skin tests and also on laboratory
      techniques such as the basophil degranulation test.

PMID- 6375475
TI  - Single-dose antibiotic therapy of urinary tract infection: is it appropriate in
      the emergency department?
AB  - Accurate diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) is possible in the emergency
      department. Clinical differentiation of upper tract infection (pyelonephritis)
      from lower tract infection (cystitis) is difficult. The consequences of untreated
      UTI justify treatment by the emergency physician. Many treatment schemes are
      available. Single-dose antibiotic therapy is the preferred treatment method for
      uncomplicated UTI. It reduces compliance problems, effectively cures lower UTI,
      and provides for early identification of patients with more complex infection.
      The complications of this therapy are minimal.

PMID- 6375476
TI  - Early treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis.
AB  - The concept of treating presumed streptococcal pharyngitis prior to obtaining
      throat culture results remains controversial. We review the rationale for early
      treatment and the predictive ability of current techniques for rapidly estimating
      the probability of streptococcal pharyngitis. Decision analysis is combined with
      clinical and microscopic predictive tests to provide an approach for early
      treatment of presumed streptococcal pharyngitis. Our unified approach supports
      the treatment of presumed streptococcal pharyngitis prior to obtaining culture
      results when specific clinical or microscopic criteria are met.

PMID- 6375477
TI  - Septic cavernous sinus thrombosis.
AB  - Septic cavernous sinus thrombosis remains a potentially lethal disease, although
      advances in therapy have lowered the morbidity and mortality substantially.
      Prevention, early diagnosis, and aggressive treatment offer the best hope for
      recovery.

PMID- 6375478
TI  - Captopril-induced angioedema.

PMID- 6375479
TI  - Xenogeneic monoclonal antibodies to cell surface antigens of equine lymphocytes.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies to equine lymphocyte antigens were produced, using normal
      peripheral blood lymphocytes as the immunogen and standard hybridoma techniques.
      Antibody producing hybridomas were detected by a solid-phase enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay. Antibodies produced by 6 cloned hybrids were characterized
      further by microlymphocytotoxicity, indirect immunofluorescence, and
      agglutination assays on peripheral blood lymphocytes, platelets, and
      erythrocytes. Reaction patterns on leukocytes indicated that these antibodies may
      recognize at least 3 different cell-surface antigens: (1) an antigen present on
      most peripheral blood lymphocytes and on platelets, (2) an antigen present on
      most peripheral blood lymphocytes, but absent from platelets, and (3) an antigen
      expressed by a major subpopulation of lymphocytes and also present on platelets.
      This last antigen is polymorphic and is expressed on the lymphocytes of
      approximately 75% of horses. The distribution of this polymorphic antigen did not
      correlate with the antigen distribution of any of the defined antigens of the
      equine major histocompatibility system. None of the 6 monoclonal antibodies
      reacted with antigens expressed on erythrocytes. These results indicate that
      monoclonal antibodies may be useful for the identification and characterization
      of various leukocyte antigens in the horse.

PMID- 6375480
TI  - Effect of combined rotavirus and Escherichia coli in neonatal gnotobiotic calves.
AB  - Gnotobiotic calves (24 hours old) were monoinfected with calf rotavirus (CRV)
      strain NCDV, an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strain B44 (K99+), or a
      nonenterotoxigenic E coli (NETEC) strain 123 (K99-). Calves also were dually
      infected with CRV and either ETEC or NETEC. Eighteen calves equally allotted
      between 6 treatment groups were used in these studies: Noninfected controls-
      group A; CRV--group B; ETEC--group C; NETEC--group D; CRV + ETEC--group E; and
      CRV + NETEC--group F. Severe diarrhea and villous atrophy were observed in calves
      of treatment groups B, C, E, and F. Mortality was present only in treatment
      groups C and E as result of ETEC infection. There were no significant differences
      in the clinical responses or enteric lesions between treatments B and F, although
      a significant increase in the concentrations of NETEC was demonstrated in calves
      dually infected with CRV + NETEC (group F) as compared with calves monoinfected
      with NETEC (group D). Calves inoculated with ETEC (group C) had severe villous
      atrophy, neutrophilic infiltration of intestinal lumen, and moderate enterocyte
      necrosis. Calves dually inoculated with CRV + ETEC (group E) had the most
      extensive and severe lesions, similar to those in group C, plus a pronounced
      necrotic fibrino-hemorrhagic enteritis. Infection of enterocytes by CRV did not
      affect in any way the adherence of ETEC to the intestinal mucosa. Dual viral and
      bacterial infections of the same enterocytes were evident.

PMID- 6375481
TI  - Effect of rotavirus and/or Escherichia coli infection on the aggregated lymphoid
      follicles in the small intestine of neonatal gnotobiotic calves.
AB  - The effect of rotavirus and/or Escherichia coli infections on the follicle
      associated epithelium (FAE or M cells) of the domes of the aggregated lymphoid
      follicles (ALF, or Peyer's patches) of gnotobiotic calves was evaluated by light,
      scanning electron, transmission electron, and immunofluorescence microscopies.
      Calf rotavirus (CRV) infection produced loss of FAE cell microvilli, and virions
      were observed in cytoplasmic vacuoles of FAE cells, as well as in intercellular
      spaces between FAE cells and lymphoid cells migrating through the dome
      epithelium. The CRV particles appeared to have entered the FAE cells by
      phagocytosis, with no subsequent cytoplasmic replication. Enterotoxigenic E coli
      (ETEC) induced more severe alterations including marked microvilli loss and
      ballooning in the FAE cells. There was no adhesion to, or colonization of FAE
      cells by ETEC, but bacteria were observed free or phagocytized within the dome
      and the germinal centers of the ALF. There were no ETEC observed in the cytoplasm
      of FAE cells. The presence of nonenterotoxigenic E coli (NETEC) in the intestine
      of calves had no effect on the intestinal FAE cells. The addition of NETEC to CRV
      infections did not enhance or modify in any way the response of FAE cells to the
      viral infection; however, the combination of CRV + ETEC produced severe necrosis
      of the FAE cells, and loss of dome epithelium of ALF.

PMID- 6375482
TI  - Effects of Escherichia coli endotoxin on leukocyte and platelet counts,
      fibrinogen concentrations, and blood clotting in colostrum-fed and colostrum
      deficient neonatal calves.
AB  - Effects of a single IV injection of Escherichia coli endotoxin on hemogram and
      clotting function were compared in colostrum-fed and colostrum-deficient neonatal
      calves. Before endotoxin administration, the 2 groups of calves only differed in
      their prothrombin times. After endotoxin administration, there were significant
      differences (P less than 0.005) between colostrum-fed and colostrum-deficient
      calves in total leukocyte, segmented neutrophil, nonsegmented neutrophil, and
      lymphocyte (P less than 0.05) counts and partial thromboplastin time. Significant
      time dependent changes were observed in the aforementioned parameters and in
      platelet count and fibrinogen concentration. Seemingly, colostrum feeding
      improved the calf's ability to respond to endotoxin challenge exposure probably
      because of improved granulopoietic activity.

PMID- 6375483
TI  - Immunofluorescent demonstration of Campylobacter hyointestinalis and
      Campylobacter sputorum subsp mucosalis in swine intestines with lesions of
      proliferative enteritis.
AB  - An indirect fluorescent antibody technique was developed to identify
      Campylobacter spp in lesions of swine proliferative enteritis (SPE). Rabbit
      antisera to C hyointestinalis and C sputorum subsp mucosalis were produced.
      Bacterial smears stained by fluorescent antibody test with homologous antisera
      differentiated C hyointestinalis from subsp mucosalis. Ileal frozen sections from
      29 pigs with histologic lesions of SPE had specific fluorescent staining of C
      hyointestinalis in all 29 and subsp mucosalis in 24. Bacterial structures of C
      hyointestinalis were seen in large numbers and were broadly distributed in
      intestinal luminal exudate, mucosal necrotic tissues, surface epithelium, lamina
      propria, and proliferative cryptal epithelium. Numerous C hyointestinalis
      organisms were always present in the apical cytoplasm of proliferative cryptal
      epithelium. Fluorescent subsp mucosalis bacteria were seen less frequently and
      were distributed focally in the mucosa. Numerous subsp mucosalis organisms were
      more common in cellular debris and in necrotic tissues of surface mucosa, and
      less common in the epithelial cells of proliferative crypts. Ileal sections from
      13 pigs without SPE had no fluorescent staining of C hyointestinalis and subsp
      mucosalis.

PMID- 6375484
TI  - Application of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect canine erythrocyte
      antibodies.
AB  - A double-antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to
      detect antibodies bound to canine RBC. The method used a horseradish peroxidase
      conjugate, o-dianisidine, as a water-soluble chromogen and osmotically lysed RBC
      on which antibody was detected. The ELISA method was compared with the
      traditional antiglobulin (Coombs') test on positive controls, using sheep RBC
      sensitized with dilutions of canine anti-sheep RBC serum and on RBC from canine
      patients tested for autoantibodies to RBC. The ELISA method appeared to be more
      sensitive than the Coombs' test and gave an estimate of the amount of antibody
      present without the need for serial antiserum dilutions to determine the antibody
      titer.

PMID- 6375485
TI  - Anthelmintic efficacy of mebendazole suspension against induced helminth
      infections in South African sheep and cattle.
AB  - Critical controlled tests were performed in 157 sheep (8 experiments) and 34
      cattle (2 experiments) to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of mebendazole
      suspension, administered intraruminally via a stomach tube at a dosage rate of 15
      mg of mebendazole/kg of body weight, against induced infections of immature and
      adult stages of commonly encountered nematode parasites in South Africa. In the
      sheep, the controlled efficacy of mebendazole suspension was good to excellent
      (90.1% to 100%) against all stages of Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus
      colubriformis, Gaigeria pachyscelis, Ostertagia circumcincta, Nematodirus
      spathiger, and Chabertia ovina species. Mebendazole was also highly effective
      (97.3% to 99.9%) against 4th, 5th, and adult stages of Oesophagostomum
      columbianum and 5th-stage and adult Dictyocaulus filaria. Moderate activity was
      obtained (79.8% to 82.2%) against 3rd-stage O columbianum, 3rd- and 4th-stage D
      filaria, and 5th-stage and adult Strongyloides papillosus. In the cattle,
      mebendazole was effective (91.5% to 100%) against 4th-stage and adult H placei,
      Cooperia pectinata, Bunostomum phlebotomum, and Oesophagostomum radiatum species,
      but did not exhibit any appreciable activity (27.3% to 41.5%) against 4th-stage
      and adult O ostertagi.

PMID- 6375486
TI  - Rapid purification of avian influenza virus for use in enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay.
AB  - A rapid and easy purification method was developed to obtain avian influenza
      antigen for use in immunochemical assays. This was achieved by rapid
      concentration of virus from infective allantoic fluid, using 8% (w/v)
      polyethylene glycol 8000, and later, by purification on gel-permeation
      chromatography through controlled-pore glass beads. Rabbit anti-turkey globulins
      were made specific for turkey globulins, using affinity chromatography,
      conjugated to horseradish peroxidase and used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay. A significant increase in specificity and sensitivity of the enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay was observed when purified antigen was used in place of a
      crude antigen preparation. This purified antigen eliminated the false-positives
      obtained as a result of the turkeys being previously vaccinated with egg-grown
      virus vaccines (Newcastle disease virus). The details of the technique and the
      importance of antigen preparation are discussed.

PMID- 6375487
TI  - Combined effects of deoxycorticosterone and furaltadone on Escherichia coli
      infection in chickens.
AB  - After low antibody-response line chickens were challenge exposed with Escherichia
      coli, 10% of the controls, 35% of those fed furaltadone , 37% of those fed
      deoxycorticosterone (DOC), and 92% of those fed furaltadone and DOC gained
      weight. Concentrations of DOC above or below the optimal concentration (40 mg/kg
      of feed) were less effective, eg, when 100 mg of DOC/kg of feed was fed with
      furaltadone , 45% of low antibody-response line birds gained weight as compared
      with 85% of the birds when furaltadone was fed alone. However, the optimal amount
      of DOC did vary among genetic stocks and with environment. Stocks of birds also
      differed in their response to the concentration of furaltadone and DOC.
      Socialization increased the effectiveness of furaltadone .

PMID- 6375488
TI  - Effect of aztreonam on the growth of Pasteurella multocida in the lung.
AB  - Specific-pathogen-free ICR mice were infected aerogenically with Pasteurella
      multocida and, beginning 1 hour later, were treated with aztreonam (50 mg/kg of
      body weight). The number of viable bacilli in the lungs, liver, and spleen were
      determined at intervals for up to 36 hours. Aztreonam was bactericidal for
      growing bacilli in vitro and, when injected 1 and 5 hours after aerogenic
      exposure, provided greater than 80% protection after dosage at the level of 12.5
      mg/kg. Below this dosage level, viable organisms persisted in the lungs and the
      spleen and many of the minimally treated mice eventually died of pasteurellosis.
      The survivors developed active immunity as a result of the continued sublethal
      infection. Aztreonam protects mice against an aerogenic infection with highly
      virulent P multocida and may be useful in the prevention and treatment of
      pasteurellosis in cattle.

PMID- 6375489
TI  - A method for comparing the peak intensity and duration of action of aerosolized
      bronchodilators using bronchoprovocation with methacholine.
AB  - The effects of aerosolized metaproterenol (1.30 mg) and isoetharine (1.02 mg) on
      nonspecific airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine were quantitated and
      compared in 6 asthmatic subjects for 4 h after dosing. Both metaproterenol and
      isoetharine demonstrated bronchodilatation and reduced airway responsiveness
      during the first hour. Isoetharine had lost its bronchodilator effects and its
      effects on airway responsiveness by 2.25 h. The effects of metaproterenol on
      airway responsiveness had decreased by half at 2.25 h, while its bronchodilator
      effect remained maximal. Metaproterenol had no effect on airway responsiveness by
      4 h, despite persisting bronchodilatation. Thus, for metaproterenol, there is
      disparity between duration of bronchodilation and suppression of airway
      responsiveness. Because methacholine sensitivity is a measure of nonspecific
      airway responsiveness, which appears to correlate with the severity of asthma,
      this methodology may provide more relevant information for assessment of duration
      of effect and estimation of appropriate dosing intervals for maintenance therapy
      than do more traditional methods.

PMID- 6375490
TI  - Controlled clinical trial comparing a 6-month and a 12-month regimen in the
      treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Algerian Sahara. Algerian working
      group/British Medical Research Council cooperative study.
AB  - A 6-month short-course chemotherapy regimen and a 12-month standard duration
      regimen have been compared in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in a rural
      area of Algeria in a population with a relatively high proportion of nomads. The
      6-month regimen was isoniazid and rifampicin throughout, with ethambutol and
      pyrazinamide in addition for an initial 2-month intensive phase. The 12-month
      regimen was isoniazid and ethambutol throughout, supplemented by streptomycin
      during the first month. All 601 patients admitted had one or more sputum smears
      positive on examination in the local laboratory. Most patients were admitted to
      hospital initially for 1 to 2 months, where they received their chemotherapy
      under full supervision; thereafter, it was self-administered. In both nomads and
      settled residents known to have fully sensitive strains pretreatment, the 6-month
      regimen was highly effective, with no failures during chemotherapy and only 3%
      relapses after stopping chemotherapy in 131 patients compared with a combined
      failure rate during chemotherapy and relapse rate of 17% in the 154 patients
      receiving the 12-month regimen (p less than 0.001). The results in patients with
      isoniazid-resistant strains pretreatment were also significantly better for the 6
      month than for the 12-month regimen, none of 15 and 7 of 15 patients,
      respectively, being classified as failures or relapses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6375491
TI  - Hyperresponsiveness to autacoids and autonomic drugs in lung parenchymal strips
      from sensitized guinea pigs.
AB  - The responsiveness of lung parenchymal strips isolated from actively sensitized
      guinea pigs to some selected autacoids (histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine,
      bradykinin, and prostaglandins F2 alpha and l2) and autonomic drugs
      (acetylcholine, norepinephrine, methoxamine, and isoprenaline) was compared with
      that of strips from unsensitized animals. The concentration-response curves to
      the agonists, with the only exception of isoprenaline, in the sensitized group
      exhibited a left upward displacement (greater maximal effects and less effective
      concentration 50%) compared with those obtained in the unsensitized group. These
      results indicate the existence of a nonspecific increase in responsiveness of
      lung parenchymal strip isolated from sensitized animals.

PMID- 6375492
TI  - ELISA for quantitative measurement of low-molecular-weight bronchial protease
      inhibitor in human sputum.
AB  - A double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is described to
      quantify the low-molecular-weight bronchial protease inhibitor in sputum and
      other body fluids. Relatively large amounts of this inhibitor were found in
      sputum, saliva, nasal secretions, seminal plasma, cervical mucus, and tear fluid.
      The inhibitor concentration in sputum varied from 4 to 405 micrograms/ml (mean,
      66 micrograms/ml). With this assay, it was shown that in sputum the inhibitor is
      concentrated in the mucin-containing gel phase.

PMID- 6375493
TI  - [Hyperammonemia and hypophosphoremia associated with Salmonella typhimurium
      infection].

PMID- 6375494
TI  - Automated cytopathologic diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma. II. Preliminary
      results of classifying cytocentrifuged bronchial brushings.
AB  - An automated discrimination between healthy and neoplastic bronchial cells was
      performed on eight bronchial smears prepared by cytocentrifugation. An image
      analyzer was used to examine 415 cells in these smears. The nuclear surface of
      each cell was measured, as was the total integrated optical density for 25
      programmed thresholds. The results show that it is possible to distinguish
      healthy from cancerous cells in a given subject using these two measured
      parameters and two new parameters deduced mathematically. It appears difficult,
      however, to demonstrate a typical healthy and typical cancerous bronchial cell
      that could be used as a reference for all subjects. It is thus the presence of
      cell heterogeneity in a given subject that enables him or her to be characterized
      as healthy or having cancer.

PMID- 6375495
TI  - Scene-segmentation algorithm development using error measures.
AB  - Development of scene-segmentation algorithms has generally been an ad hoc
      process. This paper presents a systematic technique for developing these
      algorithms using error-measure minimization. If scene segmentation is regarded as
      a problem of pixel classification whereby each pixel of a scene is assigned to a
      particular object class, development of a scene-segmentation algorithm becomes
      primarily a process of feature selection. In this study, four methods of feature
      selection were used to develop segmentation techniques for cervical cytology
      images: (1) random selection, (2) manual selection (best features in the
      subjective judgment of the investigator), (3) eigenvector selection (ranking
      features according to the largest contribution to each eigenvector of the feature
      covariance matrix) and (4) selection using the scene-segmentation error measure
      A2. Four features were selected by each method from a universe of 35 features
      consisting of gray level, color, texture and special pixel neighborhood features
      in 40 cervical cytology images . Evaluation of the results was done with a
      composite of the scene-segmentation error measure A2, which depends on the
      percentage of scenes with measurable error, the agreement of pixel class
      proportions, the agreement of number of objects for each pixel class and the
      distance of each misclassified pixel to the nearest pixel of the misclassified
      class. Results indicate that random and eigenvector feature selection were the
      poorest methods, manual feature selection somewhat better and error-measure
      feature selection best. The error-measure feature selection method provides a
      useful, systematic method of developing and evaluating scene-segmentation
      algorithms.

PMID- 6375496
TI  - A computer-assisted cell identification system.
AB  - A computer and optical microscope image processing system for the acquisition,
      editing and analysis of quantitative, multivariate, cell nuclear data is
      described. The experimental equipment and methods are discussed, the mathematics
      used are presented, and the additions, modifications and deletions to the TICAS
      11/45 set of computer programs for the analysis of the data are outlined.

PMID- 6375497
TI  - Bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of diffuse pulmonary infiltrates in the
      immunosuppressed host.
AB  - The usefulness of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of pulmonary
      infiltrates in the immunosuppressed patient was studied in 97 patients. In
      immunosuppressed patients, the available diagnostic procedures are often invasive
      and have variable yield and a potential for serious complications.
      Bronchoalveolar lavage had an overall diagnostic yield of 66% (61 of 92
      diseases). It was most effective in the diagnosis of opportunistic infections,
      including infection with Pneumocystis carinii (18 of 22 cases), cytomegalovirus
      pneumonia (10 of 12 cases), fungal pneumonia (5 of 6 cases), and mycobacterial
      disease (4 of 5 cases). The technique was also helpful in suspected pulmonary
      hemorrhage (7 of 9 cases) but was less useful for diagnosing malignancy (10 of 22
      cases) and drug-induced toxicity (6 of 15 cases). Findings of bronchoalveolar
      lavage could be combined with those of transbronchial biopsies, brushings, and
      washings in the diagnosis of most of the diseases. The procedure was safe, even
      in thrombocytopenic patients and those requiring mechanical ventilatory support.
      Bronchoalveolar lavage is a valuable procedure for evaluation of pulmonary
      disease in the immunosuppressed host.

PMID- 6375498
TI  - Reevaluation of digitalis efficacy. New light on an old leaf.
AB  - Use of digitalis for the treatment of patients with congestive heart failure and
      sinus rhythm remains controversial. To ascertain the proper therapeutic role of
      digitalis, we have critically appraised the published clinical evidence of
      digitalis efficacy using standardized methodologic criteria. A search of the
      English literature from 1960 to 1982 identified 736 articles, of which 16
      specifically addressed the clinical evaluation of digitalis therapy for patients
      with congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm. Only two double-blind, placebo
      controlled trials provided clinically useful information. One study showed that
      digoxin therapy could be withdrawn successfully in elderly patients with stable
      congestive heart failure. The other showed that patients with chronic heart
      failure and an S3 gallop benefited from digoxin therapy.

PMID- 6375499
TI  - Nicotine chewing gum and the medicalization of smoking.

PMID- 6375500
TI  - Treatment of ventricular arrhythmias--suppression, survival, and the problem of
      bias.

PMID- 6375502
TI  - Houseofficer proficiency in urinalysis and sputum gram stains.

PMID- 6375501
TI  - American College of Physicians Ethics Manual. Part I: History of medical ethics,
      the physician and the patient, the physician's relationship to other physicians,
      the physician and society. Ad Hoc Committee on Medical Ethics, American College
      of Physicians.

PMID- 6375503
TI  - Metoclopramide and chemotherapy-induced emesis.

PMID- 6375504
TI  - A seronegative arthropathy and Escherichia coli diarrhea.

PMID- 6375505
TI  - Campylobacter laridis causing bacteremia in an immunosuppressed patient.
AB  - An unusual species, Campylobacter laridis , belonging to the group of nalidixic
      acid resistant thermophilic Campylobacter species, was isolated from the blood of
      a 71-year-old man with multiple myeloma, hyperviscosity syndrome, and renal
      failure. The organism was first recognized in the laboratory by gram-stain
      reaction and resistance to nalidixic acid. The organism differs from C. jejuni
      and C. coli by its resistance to nalidixic acid, whereas anaerobic growth in the
      presence of trimethylamine N-oxide hydrochloride differentiates this organism
      from other Campylobacter species. Biochemical characterization and DNA homology
      studies confirmed the identity of this species as being C. laridis . To our
      knowledge, this is the first recorded case of bacteremia due to C. laridis in
      humans.

PMID- 6375506
TI  - Membrane interaction and deformation.
AB  - Membrane interaction and membrane deformation should be considered two aspects of
      the same phenomenon. Because membrane interaction depends on structural features
      such as curvature, chemical composition, and surface organization, one must
      expect that these features will change as membranes are brought together. Our
      observations on model phospholipid membranes have allowed us to measure and to
      distinguish electrostatic (coulombic or double-layer) forces, electrodynamic (van
      der Waals, dispersion) interactions, and hydration forces due to the solvation of
      polar groups that are stabilizing the membrane surface. As a consequence of these
      interactions, approaching membranes may flatten against each other, may change
      the packing density of their constituent molecules, may rearrange the composition
      of components in regions close to the apposing membrane, or may even show
      conformational changes in the arrangement of the lipid hydrocarbon chains.
      Abundant examples of such deformation accompanying membrane interaction are
      evident from x-ray diffraction and electron microscopic observations.

PMID- 6375507
TI  - Electrochemical properties of the peripheral zone of erythrocytes.

PMID- 6375508
TI  - A new membrane concept for viscous RBC deformation in shear: spectrin oligomer
      complexes as a Bingham-fluid in shear and a dense periodic colloidal system in
      bending.

PMID- 6375509
TI  - Measurement of surface tensions of blood cells and proteins.

PMID- 6375510
TI  - The relationship between surface charge (potential characteristics) of the
      vascular interface and thrombosis.
AB  - Thus, it can be shown that highly theoretical experiments carried out to evaluate
      the electrochemistry of thrombosis can also be shown to have significance in the
      generation of new products, which relates the scientific findings to successful
      modern prosthesis and medically useful devices.

PMID- 6375511
TI  - Assessment of pharmacological agents with a hemorheological action.

PMID- 6375512
TI  - Hemorheology in cerebrovascular diseases: approaches to drug development.

PMID- 6375513
TI  - The role of electrostatic and structural properties of the cell surface in the
      energetics of cell-cell and cell-surface interaction.

PMID- 6375514
TI  - Covalent modification of membrane components in the regulation of erythrocyte
      shape.

PMID- 6375515
TI  - Cancer cell damage at the vascular endothelium.

PMID- 6375516
TI  - Electrochemical properties of platelets: clinical and pharmacological
      applications.

PMID- 6375517
TI  - Mathematical models for transport across the endothelial cell layer.

PMID- 6375518
TI  - Aspergillosis of the paranasal sinuses x-ray diagnosis, histopathology, and
      clinical aspects.
AB  - Aspergillosis is not a rare disease of the paranasal sinuses; more than 80 cases
      were reported from 1976 to 1982 in the University ENT Clinic at Graz, Austria. Of
      59 patients studied, 27 presented almost metal-dense x-ray shadows resembling
      foreign bodies in one of the sinuses. By means of light and electron microscopic
      investigations as well as x-ray fluorescence analysis, it can be demonstrated
      that these areas are equivalent to local enrichment of calcium phosphate in the
      center of the noninvasive fungal masses in the sinuses. A detailed description of
      the histopathology of Aspergillus fumigatus is given. For clinical diagnosis, the
      detection of almost metal-dense x-ray shadows in the absence of foreign-body
      history in our experience may be regarded as almost certain for aspergillosis of
      the paranasal sinuses.

PMID- 6375519
TI  - Epiglottic abscess due to group B Streptococcus. Communication.
AB  - A group B Streptococcus caused epiglottitis with abscess formation in an adult
      with diabetes mellitus. Group B streptococci are being more commonly isolated
      from adults, and epiglottitis is another infection in which this organism has
      been implicated.

PMID- 6375520
TI  - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Kaposi's disease and cerebral toxoplasmosis
      in a young man. Review of the literature apropos of a case].
AB  - We report a new case of acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in a 43 year
      old white homosexual man, characterized by the association of disseminated
      cutaneo-mucous Kaposi's sarcoma and cerebral toxoplasmosis. This man had Kaposi's
      sarcoma for about 10 years but evolution became quickly extensive in July 1981.
      Chlorambucil was prescribed at that time and was the cause of a pancytopenia.
      Death occurred in July 1982 due to a cerebral mass identified as toxoplasmosis on
      a left temporal biopsy. This observation is typical of AIDS, a new syndrome which
      suddenly developed in the last 2 years in the United States in homosexual men,
      Haitians and hemophiliacs, and is characterized by disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma
      and/or opportunistic infections, with a very high mortality rate. Severe
      toxoplasmosis of CNS has been reported in AIDS and appears to result from defects
      in cellular immunity which permit recrudescence of latent infection. Cerebral
      biopsy is necessary for the diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis as seroconversion
      occurs infrequently in immuno-suppressed hosts. AIDS appeared in Western Europe
      in 1982. Most of the cases were reported in France, Denmark, Belgium and Great
      Britain. These cases differ from reported cases in the USA: fewer drug or poppers
      users, fewer homosexual men, an important number of people having lived or
      travelled in the Kaposi's endemic area (Mediterranean basin and Central Africa).
      The immunological profile of patients presenting AIDS in Europe doesn't seem to
      differ from the american profile: serious cellular immunodeficiency and marked
      increase in the suppressor/cytotoxic cell population. As in the United States,
      one may suspect, among several hypotheses, that it is caused by one or several
      transmissible agents now present in France. The nature of these agents,
      transmissible by sexual contacts and blood, is not yet known: the role of the CMV
      is now less probable and most of the studies look for the role of other factors
      such as the HTLV.

PMID- 6375521
TI  - [Value of correlated immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase study of monoclonal
      markers in 2 adult cases of histiocytosis X].
AB  - Two cases of adult histiocytosis X have been studied using monoclonal antibodies
      on skin sections by two techniques: indirect immunofluorescence and
      immunoperoxidase. This study confirm: --that histiocytosis X express two specific
      antigens Ia and T6, --the relations between Langerhans cell and histiocytosis X.
      Especially, it suggests that histiocytosis X cell would be a dedifferentiated
      cell with receptors OKT4 and OKT10.

PMID- 6375522
TI  - The etiology, pathology and epidemiology of bacterial gastro-enteritis in calves
      and piglets.

PMID- 6375523
TI  - Experiences with the ELISA for detection of the E. coli K99 antigen in calf
      faeces.
AB  - This paper summarizes experiences with the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay (ELISA) for the detection of K99+ E. coli in calf faeces. ELISA results
      were compared with those of conventional bacteriological examination (BE) using a
      total of 1668 faecal samples of calves in the field, collected during
      aetiological and epidemiological studies. In addition, faecal samples obtained
      from four experimentally inoculated calves were examined with ELISA, BE and
      quantitative BE i.e. determination of the number of viable K99+ ETEC organisms
      per gram of faeces. The ELISA proved to be very useful, though slightly less
      sensitive than BE, when dealing with large numbers of faecal samples of calves of
      less than 6 days of age. Clinical ETEC-induced diarrhoea cases appeared to be
      diagnosed particularly reliably. In calves of over five days of age, however,
      positive BE-results were usually not confirmed by ELISA, most likely due to the
      presence of specific copro-antibodies. This last conclusion was suggested by the
      observation that in experimentally inoculated calves. ELISA results became
      negative abruptly after day 6 post-infection. The quantitative BE showed no
      significant decrease of the number of ETEC organisms at that time. In some faecal
      samples after day 6 post-infection an excess of K99 antibodies was demonstrated.
      It is concluded that ELISA is of no value in epidemiological studies on the
      spread and persistence of K99+ ETEC organisms in older calves and cows. However,
      ELISA is a very reliable diagnostic tool for use in large-scale field surveys on
      the aetiology of neonatal calf diarrhoea.

PMID- 6375524
TI  - Salmonella infections in calves and piglets.

PMID- 6375526
TI  - The pathology of neonatal enteritis in calves with observations on E. coli,
      rotavirus and Cryptosporidium.
AB  - The mucosa of the small intestine of neonatal calves responds in a similar way to
      a variety of infectious agents. However, samples should be removed under general
      anaesthesia to avoid post-mortem artefacts. These include the separation of
      epithelium from the villous lamina propria and denudation of villous tips within
      a few minutes of death, and occur more rapidly in challenged animals.
      Pathological changes consist of blunting and fusion of the villi with a reduction
      of the columnar epithelium to cuboidal and occasionally squamous epithelium. A
      surface inflammatory exudate may be present, especially within 24 hours of
      challenge with enteropathogenic E. coli. Examination of several sites from the
      small intestine indicates a variable distribution for enteropathogens. Rotavirus
      is seen by immunofluorescence microscopy in epithelial cells principally in the
      proximal half of the small intestine, although they may occasionally be found in
      the distal half. By contrast, E. coli organisms adhere to enterocytes in the
      distal half of the small intestine. Cryptosporidia inhabit the brush border of
      the enterocytes enclosed within host cell microvillous membranes, principally in
      the distal half of the small intestine. Examination of the small intestine of
      neonatal calves for pathological changes and the presence and distribution of
      infectious agents complements bacteriological, virological and immunological
      techniques in the diagnosis of neonatal enteritis.

PMID- 6375525
TI  - Phage type and antibiogram of calf-virulent salmonella strains in The
      Netherlands.

PMID- 6375527
TI  - Dietary regimen, rotavirus, and hemolytic enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in
      weanling diarrhea of pigs.
AB  - Previously, we induced weanling diarrhea in piglets by infecting them first with
      rotavirus followed by a hemolytic enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. We
      postulated that rotavirus, by damaging the epithelium of the small intestines,
      produced an entero-environment which favored the selection and growth of the
      enteropathogenic E. coli. Furthermore, diet might affect the entero-environment
      and influence the course of the disease. To test this, newly weaned 3-week-old
      piglets were assigned to one of four dietary regimens and infected with rotavirus
      followed 24 h later with an enteropathogenic E. coli. The course of the disease
      was followed by monitoring the severity of diarrhea, and the fecal shedding of
      rotavirus and the enteropathogenic. E. coli in these dually infected piglets. The
      dietary regimen designed to tax the digestive and absorptive capacity of the
      piglet (high nutrient intake fed 3 times a day) produced the most prolonged
      diarrhea, colonization of gut by the hemolytic enteropathogenic E. coli and
      persistent shedding of rotavirus. The same nutrient intake divided into 24 equal
      increments and fed hourly produced a less severe response. The least response was
      seen in piglets fed one-third the nutrient intake either hourly or 3 times a day.
      We conclude that dietary regimen plays an important role in rotavirus-Escherichia
      coli induced weanling diarrhea.

PMID- 6375528
TI  - Role of nutrition in the pathogenesis of porcine Escherichia coli enterotoxaemia.
AB  - The role of nutrition in the pathogenesis of E. coli enterotoxaemia was studied
      in weaned pigs inoculated with a field strain of E. coli O139:K82(B):H 4. Feeds
      extremely low in nutrients (5% crude protein, 4.6 MJ/kg digestible energy, 17%
      crude fibre) completely prevented the disease by inhibiting proliferation of the
      pathogenic bacteria in the intestine. This protective effect of the diet could
      not be used for disease control, because the pigs did not develop immunity. A
      diet moderately low in nutrients (8% crude protein, 9 MJ/kg digestible energy,
      11% crude fibre) allowed proliferation of the inoculated bacteria to the point,
      where most of the pigs developed solid immunity and losses were significantly
      reduced. This diet combined with inoculation of the pigs with herd specific
      organisms allowed control of the disease in the field.

PMID- 6375529
TI  - The role of dietary antigen in the aetiology of post weaning diarrhoea.
AB  - Experiments were undertaken to investigate whether a hypersensitivity response to
      dietary antigen might be a predisposing factor in the aetiology of post weaning
      diarrhoea. The results indicated that: 1. very small amounts of food given to
      baby pigs before weaning significantly increased the severity and accelerated the
      onset of the disease; 2. post weaning diarrhoea was dependent upon the presence
      within the diet of antigenic material; 3. weaning diets containing little
      antigenic material had less effect upon sucrase levels in the brush borders than
      did diets rich in antigens. These results are discussed in relation to the
      hypothesis that immune mediated intestinal damage may predispose to post weaning
      diarrhoea.

PMID- 6375530
TI  - Genetic and immune factors in the susceptibility of piglets to Escherichia coli
      diarrhoea.

PMID- 6375531
TI  - Infection with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in calves and protection of the
      calves by vaccination of the dams.
AB  - A report is given of a study on the occurrence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia
      coli in calves in Denmark. Samples from 1379 1-30-day-old calves were examined
      and ETEC were isolated from 228 samples (16.5%). While in 1-2-day-old calves
      nearly one half (47.5%) harboured ETEC, the frequency dropped to 3.4% in 8-day
      old calves, and of 165 9-30-day-old calves just one was found to harbour ETEC. A
      field trial with K99-containing bacterins was performed in 14 herds with ETEC
      problems. A total of 109 cows were vaccinated with a 4-strain bacterin and 73
      with a K99-bacterin, while 114 cows served as controls. Sixteen calves from the 4
      strain bacterin group, 6 calves from the K99-bacterin group, and 25 calves from
      the control group, became diarrheic within their first week of life.

PMID- 6375532
TI  - Fluid therapy for alimentary disease: origins and objectives.
AB  - Fluid therapy took nearly a century to gain acceptance in human medicine, despite
      excellent early work demonstrating its rationale and its effectiveness. Progress
      in veterinary fluid therapy lagged behind, partly because of skepticism and
      partly because of real practical difficulties. From the earliest to the most
      recent developments, human cholera has provided the impetus for much of the
      progress in fluid therapy. The challenge of treating such a severe diarrhoea in
      primitive surroundings with severe limits on cost and supervision has led to the
      emergence of oral fluid therapy as the prime technique. It is not simply an
      alternative to parenteral treatment but, in most cases, a superior approach
      relating more directly to the underlying problem--electrolyte malabsorption.
      Similar principles can be applied to other forms of diarrhoea and in various
      species. The example is clear for those concerned with veterinary fluid therapy.
      Repair of extracellular fluid volume is the key objective in all forms of fluid
      therapy; oral hydration offers not only a practicable way of achieving this in
      farm animals but one with the potential for outstanding clinical and economic
      success.

PMID- 6375533
TI  - [Embolization of the disc occluder of a Beall mitral valve prosthesis. Apropos of
      a case operated on with success].

PMID- 6375534
TI  - [Comparative study of the healing of bronchial stumps after pulmonary excision in
      dogs: manual suturing opposed to mechanical stapling].

PMID- 6375535
TI  - [Treatment of epidermoid cancer of the esophagus].

PMID- 6375536
TI  - [Contra-indications to sports activities in cardiac patients].
AB  - The cardiologist is faced with the problem of eliminating a subject with heart
      disease from a sports competition and of prescribing beneficial physical activity
      to patients with heart disease. The difficulty in the prescription (or contra
      indication) is due to the need for an individual assessment of each case. Several
      general rules can be proposed for cases of heart disease with a high risk of
      mortality or with a poor haemodynamic status. In most cases, the beneficial or
      detrimental effect can not be predicted. In this review, the authors present
      various approaches, based on data from the literature, for different types of
      heart disease and for different sports. They conclude that each case requires a
      thorough investigation in order to reduce the number of victims of the sports
      stadium.

PMID- 6375538
TI  - Rapid and sensitive assay of human plasma phospholipase A2 activity.
AB  - Phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) can be determined with 14C-oleate labeled E. coli
      as substrate and with the use of a Millipore filter to separate the product of
      hydrolysis, i.e. the 14C-oleic acid, from the unhydrolyzed substrate. After
      incubation, the enzyme-substrate mixture is simply passed through a Millipore
      filter; the radioactivity in the filtrate then provides a sensitive and accurate
      measure of phospholipase A2 activity. The procedure is rapid and simple and can
      be used to determine the increased plasma levels of phospholipase A2 activity
      that may occur in human disease states.

PMID- 6375537
TI  - [Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic evaluation of the effects of
      propranolol and verapamil in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy].
AB  - The purpose of this study is to compare M-mode echocardiographic and
      electrocardiographic modifications obtained by short-term therapy (6 weeks) with
      high doses (480 mg/day) of propranolol or verapamil in six patients with
      hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Propranolol prevents heart rate
      acceleration and reduces significantly the echocardiographic obstruction index
      during provocative testing with isoprenaline, when verapamil doesn't. However
      verapamil seems to be more able than propranolol to suppress ventricular
      arrhythmias as demonstrated in Holter monitoring. Evaluation of each patient
      suffering from hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy with echocardiography and
      24-hours electrocardiography would permit to better define appropriate therapy.

PMID- 6375539
TI  - Clinical course and prognostic signs in near-drowned patients.
AB  - The clinical course and outcome of 49 consecutive near-drowned patients is
      presented. All the immersions occurred in fresh water. 37 patients (76%)
      survived. All 28 patients who were conscious upon admission to hospital recovered
      fully. However, 13 of these developed pulmonary infiltrates on chest X-ray, three
      of them with severe respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring respirator
      treatment. On entering the emergency station 16 patients had cardiac arrest. 15
      of these were successfully resuscitated, of whom, however, 11 died later, most
      from hypoxic brain damage. Among unconscious patients, the non-survivors had on
      arrival an average lower rectal temperature than the survivors. The following
      factors during intensive care correlated with bad prognosis: low PaO2/FiO2, low
      serum protein concentration and disturbances in renal function. Furthermore, the
      findings of this study suggest that although a specific near-drowned patient has
      on admission most abnormal laboratory values, these do not predict his fate, but
      effective treatment has to be given.

PMID- 6375540
TI  - The effect of drugs, position of the patient and filling of the stomach on
      pancreatic sonography.
AB  - Using 750 outpatients as our material, the effects of dimethicon , simethicon -
      pankreatin and lysin-vasopressin, of the position of the patient and of the
      filling of the stomach with soup on the success of pancreatic ultrasonography
      were studied. Dimethicon had no, simethicon - pankreatin an almost significant
      and lysin-vasopressin a highly significant positive effect. Lysin-vasopressin
      caused several mild adverse reactions. The filling of the stomach with soup
      combined with erect position was effective in about 3/4 of the cases. Prone
      position was not usefull.

PMID- 6375541
TI  - Isonymic relationships in the parish of Fylingdales, North Yorkshire, in 1851.
AB  - Lasker 's coefficient of relationship by isonymy was used to analyse surname data
      taken from the 1851 Census returns for Fylingdales parish, North Yorkshire. At
      this time the population had a thriving maritime economy based on the coastal
      town of Robin Hood's Bay, as well as agricultural and some industrial activity
      inland at Thorpe , Raw and Stoupe Brow. There is a marked heterogeneity in the
      distribution of surnames within the parish, with both place and profession
      constraining isonymic relationships. Within-group kinship is high among the
      mariners , fishermen and shipowners of Robin Hood's Bay and Thorpe , and the
      relationship between these different maritime groups is also very high. Kinship
      is generally far lower both within and between the land-based occupational
      groups, and between these and the seafarers .

PMID- 6375543
TI  - Postheparin lipolytic activities in Zucker rats fed with sucrose- or cornstarch
      rich diets.
AB  - In order to study the metabolic effect of dietary sucrose or cornstarch on plasma
      total triglyceride lipase (T-TGL), hepatic triglyceride lipase (H-TGL) and
      monoglyceride hydrolase (MGH) activities, young male Zucker fatty and lean rats
      were pair-fed or fed ad libitum for 4 weeks with diets containing 68%
      carbohydrate as either sucrose or cornstarch. Our results show that ad libitum
      feeding of fatty rats with both diets produced an intensification of plasma
      hypertriglyceridemia which was accompanied by high levels of all plasma
      postheparin lipolytic activities. These diets did not affect the enzyme
      activities of lean littermates. Pair-feeding the fatties with sucrose-rich diet
      produced an increase in T-TGL, H-TGL and MGH. If cornstarch was the carbohydrate
      included in the diet no difference in postheparin lipolytic activities was found
      between phenotypes.

PMID- 6375542
TI  - Temporal changes in limb proportionality among skeletal samples of Arikara
      Indians.
AB  - Relative lengths of the radius, humerus, tibia and femur were examined in
      children obtained from ten archaeological sites in South Dakota. The sites range
      in time from about AD 1600 to 1830, and all are attributed to the Arikara Indians
      or their immediate ancestors. Changes in long bone proportions were examined by
      regressing the log of each bone on the log of the sum of all four bones. The
      regression coefficient which results represents the relative rate of change of
      the bone in relation to the sum of all bones. Proximal bones were found to
      increase faster than distal bones in both upper and lower limbs, and lower limbs
      increase faster than upper ones. The regression coefficients for tibia and femur
      exhibit significant heterogeneity over the ten sites, indicating that the pattern
      of proportional changes with growth is not the same for all groups. Furthermore,
      variation in regression coefficients among sites is temporally patterned, early
      sites being characterized by relatively longer femora and shorter tibiae, while
      the reverse is the case for the late sites. The temporal nature of relative femur
      tibia lengths suggests that this is an adaptive change possibly with both genetic
      and nongenetic components.

PMID- 6375544
TI  - From physiologist to pharmacologist--promotion or degradation? Fifty years in
      retrospect.

PMID- 6375545
TI  - The metabolism of insecticides: the role of monooxygenase enzymes.
AB  - In summary, it can be said that advances have been made in understanding the
      range and significance of monooxygenase reactions involving insecticides in both
      target and non-target species and that some specific aspects emerge that should
      command the attention of insecticide toxicologists and others in the immediate
      future. The role of co-oxidation of insecticides during prostaglandin synthesis
      has just emerged as an issue but, if we can extrapolate from other xenobiotics
      (126), we can predict with some confidence that it will assume major proportions.
      It is also apparent that both activation and detoxication reactions are catalyzed
      by the FAD-containing monooxygenase and that many of these reactions were
      formerly attributed to the cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase system. Since
      any particular substrate may be oxidized by either or both of these two routes,
      it is essential that studies be conducted to define their relative contributions
      to xenobiotic oxidation in microsomal preparations and ultimately in vivo. The
      area of interactions and the mechanisms behind them is also of importance, from
      the public health point of view in the case of multiple exposures, and from the
      practical viewpoint in the case of insecticide synergists. While the above
      aspects are not the only ones of future importance, they should contribute to the
      ultimate goal of insecticide toxicology: practical, safe use of chemicals for the
      control of insect pests.

PMID- 6375546
TI  - Rate-controlled delivery systems in drug and hormone research.

PMID- 6375547
TI  - Non-equilibrium behavior of some brain enzyme and receptor systems.

PMID- 6375548
TI  - Gossypol: a potential antifertility agent for males.

PMID- 6375549
TI  - Neurobehavioral techniques to assess the effects of chemicals on the nervous
      system.

PMID- 6375550
TI  - [Combined action of amphotericin B and methacyclin on Candida albicans].
AB  - The combined effect of amphotericin B, a polyene antibiotic, and metacycline, a
      tetracycline antibiotic, on the cells of C. albicans was studied. The method of
      square titration followed by quantitative plating of the samples was used for
      estimation of the combination efficiency. An attempt was also made to investigate
      the characteristic features of metacycline penetration into the yeast cells under
      the effect of various doses of the polyene antibiotic. The capacity of
      metacycline for fluorescence in the yellow-green pectral region was employed for
      this purpose. It was shown that the drugs had a synergistic effect on C.
      albicans. The fluorescence research methods allowed one to demonstrate that even
      low subinhibitory doses of amphotericin B increased the permeability level of the
      cytoplasmic membrane and provided penetration of metacycline into the cytoplasm
      almost during the first hours of the contact. The time course of metacycline
      cumulation in the cells was followed up and the characteristic features of the
      antibiotic localization were analysed.

PMID- 6375551
TI  - Antagonism by chloramphenicol of broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics against
      Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AB  - Chloramphenicol combined with cefotaxime, moxalactam, cefoperazone, aztreonam, or
      imipenem was tested in vitro against clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
      By time-kill cultures (killing curves), chloramphenicol interfered with activity
      of all five beta-lactams. When chloramphenicol was added before the beta-lactams,
      the action of cefotaxime, moxalactam, or cefoperazone against all isolates was
      antagonized at all times tested. The action of aztreonam was antagonized against
      four of six isolates. With imipenem, antagonism occurred against half of the
      isolates at some time during 24 h when chloramphenicol was added simultaneously,
      provided that a sufficient inoculum of K. pneumoniae was employed. Generally,
      less antagonism resulted when chloramphenicol was added after the cephalosporins.
      Interference of bactericidal activity of three new cephalosporins by
      chloramphenicol has potential clinical relevance to the therapy of gram-negative
      bacillary meningitis. The lesser antagonism of aztreonam and imipenem by
      chloramphenicol is of uncertain clinical relevance but indicates that this in
      vitro phenomenon may apply to a wide range of beta-lactam antibiotics.

PMID- 6375552
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and bacteriological efficacy of mezlocillin in experimental
      Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes meningitis.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and
      bacteriological effect of mezlocillin in experimental meningitis caused by
      Listeria monocytogenes and two Escherichia coli strains. The half-life of
      mezlocillin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was approximately twice that in serum of
      experimentally infected animals, and the penetration of drug into CSF was 5 to
      15% after a single dose and 5 to 20% after continuous-infusion experiments. The
      bactericidal titer in CSF for both susceptible E. coli and L. monocytogenes was
      1:8, whereas for the resistant E. coli strain, titers were less than 1:2 after
      single doses of 50 or 100 mg of mezlocillin per kg and 1:4 with continuous
      infusion. After single-dose and continuous-infusion experiments, the
      bacteriological effect of mezlocillin in experimental L. monocytogenes infections
      was similar to that of ampicillin. Mezlocillin reduced the colony counts of of
      susceptible E. coli in CSF by 90% or more after a single dose or continuous
      infusion but had no appreciable effect on resistant E. coli after a single dose
      of 50 mg/kg. In contrast, a single dose of 100 mg of mezlocillin per kg
      eradicated the resistant strain from CSF, despite a bactericidal titer in CSF of
      less than 1:2. This unexpected finding prompted us to evaluate the effect of
      serum on the in vitro susceptibilities of selected coliforms to mezlocillin. The
      activity of mezlocillin against one susceptible and four resistant strains of
      gram-negative, enteric bacilli was enhanced manyfold by the addition of fresh
      rabbit serum; this effect was abolished by heating the serum at 56 degrees C for
      30 min. This interaction of mezlocillin and serum against coliform bacteria
      should be examined in a larger number of experimentally infected animals and in
      specimens obtained from mezlocillin-treated infants.

PMID- 6375553
TI  - Importance of the hydrophobic sulfoxide substituent on nontoxic analogs of
      sparsomycin.
AB  - Nontoxic analogs of sparsomycin were competitive inhibitors of puromycin in the
      peptidyl transferase assay with Escherichia coli polysomes. The sensitivity of
      HeLa cells in vitro to the analogs was used as a preliminary index of cellular
      toxicity. In vitro killing of HeLa cells by this class of compounds correlated
      well with in vivo 50% lethal doses. The data indicate that modification of the
      hydrophobic sulfoxide substituent on sparsomycin decreases the toxicity of the
      molecule for mammalian cells by several hundredfold. Such modifications have less
      of an effect on the inhibitory activity of the compounds for peptidyl
      transferase. The differential effects of an analog active against bacterial but
      not mammalian cells was due to a decreased uptake of the compound by HeLa cells.

PMID- 6375554
TI  - Energetics of tetracycline transport into Escherichia coli.
AB  - The nature of energy coupling for the active transport of tetracycline into
      Escherichia coli was examined under conditions in which antibiotic uptake was
      directly compared with transport of proline (proton motive force dependent) and
      glutamine (phosphate bond dependent). Tetracycline transport was partially
      inhibited by osmotic shock and by exposure of bacteria to arsenate, two
      procedures which substantially reduced glutamine transport. Tetracycline
      transport was also partially inhibited in an uncB mutant (AN283) exposed to the
      uncoupler carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) under conditions that
      inhibited proline transport. Taken together, these data indicate involvement of
      both phosphate bond hydrolysis and the proton motive force for the active
      transport of tetracycline into E. coli.

PMID- 6375555
TI  - Inhibition and killing of Candida albicans in vitro by five imidazoles in
      clinical use.
AB  - Five imidazoles (clotrimazole, econazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, and
      tioconazole) in clinical use were compared for their ability to inhibit and kill
      Candida albicans. Eleven isolates were obtained from patients before therapy. By
      spectrophotometric determination of 50% growth inhibition, all isolates were
      inhibited at low concentrations, with clotrimazole slightly less active than the
      other four drugs. By the conventional MIC determination, tioconazole was more
      active than all of the others (P less than 0.01) except clotrimazole. In killing
      (minimum fungicidal concentration [MFC] assay), tioconazole was the most active
      by several analyses. Studies of the kinetics of killing indicated that the drugs
      studied could kill under conditions used for the MFC determination and that
      tioconazole and ketoconazole could kill particularly rapidly. If the drug was
      washed from the cells before subculturing, concentrations above the MFC were
      required to kill, but tioconazole could produce a lethal lesion in all cells
      virtually instantaneously. These findings are pertinent to MFC and killing
      kinetics methodology and to the observation of drug persistence after topical
      application. The results differ from some previous in vitro comparisons made with
      different methods. They are relevant to conclusions about drug mechanisms based
      on their abilities to inhibit and to kill, and they underscore the need to study
      various assay methods and fungal species.

PMID- 6375556
TI  - Correlation of antibiotic resistance with Vmax/Km ratio of enzymatic modification
      of aminoglycosides by kanamycin acetyltransferase.
AB  - Kinetic data for the antibiotic-modifying enzyme kanamycin acetyltransferase
      AAC(6')-IV have been determined for five aminoglycoside antibiotics (amikacin,
      gentamicin C1a, kanamycin A, sisomicin, and tobramycin) and compared with close
      interval determinations of the minimal inhibitory concentrations of the same
      antibiotics against Escherichia coli W677 harboring the resistance plasmid pMH67.
      These minimal inhibitory concentrations for the resistant bacteria varied from 80
      to 800 micrograms/ml. Of the kinetic parameters Vmax, Km, and Vmax/Km ratio only
      Vmax/Km ratio had a linear correlation with minimal inhibitory concentrations (r
      = +0.818) at pH 7.8, where all antibiotics produced substrate inhibition, but not
      at pH 6.0, where they did not. The correlation with only Vmax/Km ratio has
      implications regarding the expression of resistance within the dynamics of the
      bacterial cell (i.e., antibiotic uptake versus modification), whereas substrate
      inhibition presents an opportunity to search for new chemotherapeutic agents
      which will combat resistance directly.

PMID- 6375557
TI  - Effect of the antimycotic drug naftifine on growth of and sterol biosynthesis in
      Candida albicans.
AB  - Naftifine, a new antimycotic drug of the allylamine class, is a potent inhibitor
      of ergosterol biosynthesis in Candida albicans. Treated cells showed a dose
      dependent drop in ergosterol content; the level was reduced by 60% at
      concentrations of greater than 50 mg/liter, causing total inhibition of growth.
      This inhibition coincided with a heavy accumulation of the sterol precursor
      squalene. Radiolabeling experiments showed that the inhibition of sterol
      synthesis was complete within 10 min of exposure of cells to the compound.
      Control cells incorporated [14C]acetate into nonsaponifiable lipids composed
      primarily of ergosterol, whereas naftifine-treated cells accumulated only labeled
      squalene. When the drug was removed by washing cells thoroughly in 1% Tween 80,
      the accumulated squalene was further metabolized to ergosterol. A similar pattern
      of inhibition was observed in sterol biosynthesis from [14C]mevalonate in a cell
      free system. At 50 mg/liter, naftifine gave greater than 99% inhibition of sterol
      biosynthesis both in whole cells and in cell extracts of C. albicans. The primary
      action of naftifine appears to be the blocking of fungal squalene epoxidation.

PMID- 6375558
TI  - Determination of aminoglycosides in rat renal tissue by enzyme immunoassay.
AB  - The enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique for the determination of gentamicin
      or amikacin in serum was evaluated for use in rat renal tissue. After the
      addition of either gentamicin or amikacin to tissue homogenate, the assay of the
      supernatant showed a reduced recovery, depending on the amount of renal tissue
      present per milliliter of homogenate. The recovery was independent of the amount
      of aminoglycoside added. This reduction could be due to either protein binding or
      interference with the enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique by substances
      released from the renal tissue. When the enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique
      is used for aminoglycoside assay in renal tissue, care should be taken to
      minimize the amount of tissue present in the homogenate or to correct for the
      decreased recovery.

PMID- 6375559
TI  - Ceftazidime nephrotoxicity in rats.
AB  - The nephrotoxicity of ceftazidime compared with that of cefazolin or
      cephaloridine and the capacity of ceftazidime to enhance the nephrotoxicity of
      tobramycin were evaluated in rats. Only cephaloridine and tobramycin given alone
      altered creatinine clearance or caused significant histological injury. Our data
      suggest that ceftazidime is no more nephrotoxic than cefazolin and does not
      enhance the nephrotoxicity of tobramycin.

PMID- 6375560
TI  - Tetracyclines of various hydrophobicities as a probe for permeability of
      Escherichia coli outer membranes.
AB  - The outer membrane of gram-negative cells excludes hydrophobic molecules and is
      responsible for the resistance of these cells to a number of dyes, detergents,
      and antibiotics. We describe a test for hydrophobic permeability in which a
      series of tetracyclines with various hydrophobicities are used. Normal
      Escherichia coli cells became more resistant as hydrophobicity was increased in
      this series, but mutants altered in outer membrane permeability remained
      susceptible. A mutant lacking all polysaccharide except 2-keto-3- deoxyoctonic
      acid in its lipopolysaccharide is virtually as susceptible to the hydrophobic
      drug 13- phenylmercapto -alpha-6- deoxytetracycline as to oxytetracycline (MIC
      100 times lower than that of the wild type), and a mutant with another, as yet
      undefined outer membrane defect, acrA , also shows increased, although somewhat
      lesser, susceptibility (MIC 20 times lower than that of the wild type). Increased
      susceptibility to this tetracycline derivative is associated with greater
      fluorescence of the derivative when added to the cells, which we interpret as
      increased interaction of the derivative with hydrophobic domains, such as
      membranes, in the mutants. This series of tetracyclines may provide an assay for
      measuring the permeability of gram-negative organisms and their mutants to
      hydrophobic molecules.

PMID- 6375561
TI  - High-pressure liquid chromatographic assay of Bay n 7133 in human serum.
AB  - A high-pressure liquid chromatographic method that includes a Sep-Pak (Waters
      Associates, Inc., Milford , Mass.) preparation of human serum was employed for
      the quantitative assay of Bay n 7133. Drug levels of 0.1 to 20 micrograms/ml
      could be detected. No interference from amphotericin B was found in the
      chromatographic analysis of Bay n 7133.

PMID- 6375562
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in normal and uremic subjects.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime, administered as a single intravenous dose of
      15 mg/kg given in a bolus injection over 3 min, were investigated in 5 normal
      subjects and in 19 uremic patients. The subjects studied were divided into five
      groups according to values for endogenous creatinine clearance (CLCR): group I,
      five subjects with CLCR greater than 80 ml/min; group II, five patients with CLCR
      = 30 to 80 ml/min; group III, six patients with CLCR = 10 to 30 ml/min; group IV,
      four patients with CLCR = 2 to 10 ml/min; and group V, four anuric patients on
      hemodialysis. A two-compartment open model was used to calculate the
      pharmacokinetic parameters. In normal subjects, the mean apparent elimination
      half-life was 1.57 +/- 0.13 h. The central distribution volume and the apparent
      volume of distribution were 0.127 +/- 0.023 and 0.230 +/- 0.015 liter/kg,
      respectively. Of the injected dose, 83.6 +/- 3.6% was eliminated in the urine as
      parent drug within 24 h. The terminal half-life increased with impairment of
      renal function to about 25 h in severely uremic patients. Impairment of function
      did not significantly modify the half-life at alpha phase, central distribution
      volume, or apparent distribution volume. A 6- to 8-h hemodialysis procedure
      reduced concentrations of ceftazidime in plasma by approximately 88%, and the
      elimination half-life was 2.8 +/- 0.2 h. There was no evidence of accumulation of
      ceftazidime in four patients with severe and chronic impairment of function who
      received doses of 0.5 to 1.0 g every 24 h for 10 days.

PMID- 6375563
TI  - Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim-resistant Shigella flexneri in northeastern Brazil.
AB  - In contrast to prior experience in northeastern Brazil, three of four Shigella
      flexneri strains recently isolated from patients with acute inflammatory diarrhea
      in this setting were found to be resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. The
      resistant strains contained large, different plasmids, two of which were
      transferred with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim resistance to Escherichia coli K
      12 recipient strains.

PMID- 6375564
TI  - In vitro antibacterial activity of the combination of clindamycin and
      ceftazidime.
AB  - A total of 49 anaerobic and 52 aerobic or facultative bacteria were tested for
      their susceptibilities to clindamycin and ceftazidime alone and in combination.
      Synergy was noted for 11 strains, whereas antagonism was not detected. The
      combination of clindamycin and ceftazidime may prove to be useful for the
      treatment of severe mixed infections caused by anaerobes and aerobes or
      facultative bacteria.

PMID- 6375566
TI  - A new head clamp for stereotactic and intracranial procedures. Technical note.
AB  - The authors have devised a clamp to fix the head to the surgical table during
      stereotactic procedures for placement of depth electrodes. The main advantages of
      this device derive from the rigid immobilization of the head. The clamp
      facilitates fixation of the stereotactic frame to the head, percutaneous twist
      drill trephination of any site of the skull, X-ray centering with a laser beam,
      mobilization of contrast material during ventriculography or
      pneumoencephalography, and placement of epidural screws. This head clamp can also
      be used during craniotomies for fixation of the head and support for brain
      retractors.

PMID- 6375565
TI  - Deletions in Klebsiella pneumoniae R plasmids induced by growth in the presence
      of acridine orange at high temperature.
AB  - The generation in vivo of plasmids deleted at specific sites in strains of
      Klebsiella pneumoniae containing R plasmids, by treatment with high
      concentrations of acridine orange (1.2 mg/ml) at 42 degrees C are reported. These
      deletions seem to be site specific because loss of specific restriction fragments
      after digestion with restriction enzymes was demonstrated.

PMID- 6375567
TI  - Reliability of stereotactic biopsy. A model to test the value of diagnoses
      obtained from small fragments of nervous system tumors.
AB  - Because of the variability of the structural features of cerebral tumors, the
      characteristics observed in biopsy samples may not be representative of the whole
      neoplasm. The reliability of cerebral stereotactic biopsy is therefore greatly
      debated. In order to test the value of diagnoses based on biopsy samples, the
      authors compared histological and cytological data obtained from a small fragment
      of a tumor with the definitive diagnosis obtained from surgical or necropsy
      specimens. An analysis of 64 cases is reported, where a correct diagnosis from
      the biopsy sample was achieved in 92.2% of the cases. Neuroglial tumors were more
      difficult to characterize than other types of intracranial tumors, with an
      accuracy of 81.5%.

PMID- 6375568
TI  - 21st annual meeting of the Japanese Society for Stereotactic and Functional
      Neurosurgery. Tokyo, October 1982. Abstracts.

PMID- 6375569
TI  - In memoriam Traugott Riechert (1905-1983).

PMID- 6375570
TI  - Isolation and biochemical characterization of hemorrhagic toxin f from the venom
      of Crotalus atrox (western diamondback rattlesnake).
AB  - Hemorrhagic toxin f (HT-f) was isolated from Crotalus atrox (Western Diamondback
      Rattlesnake) venom by a five-step purification procedure. Homogeneity was
      established by the formation of a single band in acrylamide gel electrophoresis,
      isoelectric focusing, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-electrophoresis. HT-f has
      a molecular weight of 64,000 and contains 572 amino acid residues. It contains 1
      mol of zinc per mol of protein. Zinc is essential for both hemorrhagic and
      proteolytic activities. HT-f possesses proteolytic activity hydrolyzing the Val
      Asn, Gln-His, Leu-Cys, His-Leu, Ala-Leu, and Tyr-Leu bonds of oxidized insulin B
      chain. HT-f did not coagulate fibrinogen to fibrin, yet it did hydrolyze the
      gamma chain of fibrinogen without affecting either the A alpha or B beta chains.
      This is the first time that a hemorrhagic toxin was shown to have fibrinogenase
      activity. HT-f was shown to differ immunologically from other hemorrhagic toxins
      such as HT-a and HT-c. HT-f also possesses lethal toxicity. When zinc was removed
      the apo-HT-f lost its lethal toxicity. HT-f produced not only local hemorrhage in
      the skin and muscle, but also produced systemic hemorrhage in internal organs
      such as the intestine, kidney, lung, heart, and liver.

PMID- 6375571
TI  - Glucose-induced, calcium-mediated protein phosphorylation in intact pancreatic
      islets.
AB  - Conditions for studying protein phosphorylation in intact pancreatic islets were
      developed in order to study the effects of glucose and other effectors. Islets
      were incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing 5 mM malate and 5 mM
      pyruvate (metabolic fuels that are not insulin secretagogues) for 150 min to
      permit incorporation of 32Pi into islet phosphate pools. Glucose or other
      effectors were then added, and the incubation was terminated after 10 to 30 min.
      Glucose increased phosphorylation of four islet peptides with molecular weights
      of 20,000, 33,000, 43,000 and 57,000. The calcium channel blockers, verapamil and
      D-600, inhibited phosphorylation of each of the four proteins, and
      trifluoperazine inhibited phosphorylation of the proteins with molecular weights
      of 20,000 and 57,000. The results indicate that glucose-induced insulin release
      may be mediated in part by protein phosphorylation, and that calcium may act as
      an intracellular messenger in coupling the glucose stimulus to the secretory
      process.

PMID- 6375572
TI  - Stoichiometries of electron transport complexes in spinach chloroplasts.
AB  - The stoichiometric relationship among photosystem II complexes, photosystem I
      complexes, cytochrome b/f complexes, high-potential cytochrome b-559, and
      chlorophyll in spinach chloroplasts has been determined. Two features of this
      data stand out, in contrast to currently proposed stoichiometries in which the
      ratio of photosystem II to photosystem I is reported to be 2:1 and the
      chlorophyll to reaction center ratio to be as low as 260:1. Using a variety of
      techniques it was found that the stoichiometry of photosystem II:photosystem
      I:cytochrome b/f complex was 1:1:1, within 10%, and that the ratio of total
      chlorophyll to these components was 600:1, also within 10%. A ratio of two high
      potential cytochrome b-559 molecules per 640 chlorophyll, or two molecules per
      photosystem II reaction center, was found. These ratios were remarkably constant
      regardless of the time of year or the source of the spinach. The concentration of
      photosystem II complexes was determined using a pH electrode to measure the flash
      induced proton release resulting from water oxidation. The photosystem I reaction
      center concentration was measured by two different techniques that compared
      favorably. In the first method a pH electrode was used to measure the amount of
      flash-induced proton consumption associated with the 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1
      dimethylurea-insensitive oxidation of N,N,N',N'- tetramethylphenylenediamine ,
      resulting in the production of hydrogen peroxide. In the second method the amount
      of P700 oxidized by far-red light was determined using dual-wavelength
      spectroscopy. The concentration of the cytochrome b/f complex was determined
      assuming 1 mol of cytochrome f per complex. The concentration of cytochrome f was
      measured spectroscopically by its light-induced turnover and by chemical
      difference spectra. The concentration of high-potential cytochrome b-559 was
      determined by chemical difference spectra. In addition to these studies, the
      light-induced absorbance change exhibiting a peak at 323 nm that has been
      attributed to the reduction of the primary quinone acceptor of photosystem II has
      been investigated. This measurement frequently has been used to quantitate the
      photosystem II to chlorophyll ratio. However, in view of these results it is
      argued that this technique significantly overestimates the photosystem II
      concentration.

PMID- 6375573
TI  - Fluorogenic substrates for the enkephalin-degrading neutral endopeptidase
      (Enkephalinase).
AB  - Rat brain neutral endopeptidase ("Enkephalinase") was shown to hydrolyze a series
      of fluorogenic substrates of the general structure 2-aminobenzoyl-(amino acid)n-
      leucylalanylglycine -4- nitrobenzylamide . The hydrolysis of these substrates was
      competitively inhibited by Leu5-enkephalin, demonstrating that these are indeed
      substrates for the rat brain neutral endopeptidase. Cleavage of the fluorogenic
      substrates yielded leucylalanylglycine -4- nitrobenzylamide as a common product.
      In addition, a series of inhibitors previously shown to inhibit thermolysin-like
      enzymes inhibited the hydrolysis of both Leu5-enkephalin and the synthetic
      substrates. The results of this study (a) demonstrate that the enkephalin
      degrading endopeptidase is similar in specificity to thermolysin, (b) provide a
      continuous sensitive assay system for the enzyme, and (c) point out the potential
      use of this substrate class for probing the specificity of the enzyme.

PMID- 6375574
TI  - [Nuclear magnetic resonance computed tomography (NMR-CT) of malignancies].
AB  - The physical principles of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging were
      initially outlined. In the present proton images, T1 and T2 relaxation times were
      more important than proton density in determining the varying intensity of the
      tissue. Early clinical experiences of NMR for malignancies of the head and neck
      region, chest, abdomen, pelvis and extremities were also presented. There was
      superb ability for soft tissue characterizations, accentuating intensity
      difference between tissues with different T1 and T2 relaxation time. Although the
      spatial resolution of NMR-CT appeared to be inferior to X-CT, the absence of
      streak artifacts or X-ray beam hardening were advantageous. Because of the
      absence of significant NMR signal from rapidly flowing blood, the differentiation
      of vessels and soft tissue masses was easily accomplished by NMR-CT without
      employing contrast material. Multisection scans were performed in most cases with
      not only transverse but sagittal or coronal imaging by simply varying the
      sequence of pulse gradient magnetic field. While more experience is required, NMR
      CT has a promising future in the imaging modality for malignancies.

PMID- 6375575
TI  - [Mechanisms of production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)--reconstitution
      experiment white nude mice].
AB  - In order to investigate the role of T cells in the production of tumor necrosis
      factor (TNF), a reconstitution experiment was performed with nude mice (Balb/c,
      nu/nu). The results obtained were as follows: The cytotoxic activity of tumor
      necrosis serum (TNS) from Balb/c, nu/nu mice treated with P. acnes-LPS was 1/22
      against that from Balb/c, nu/+ mice. TNF activity increased 14 times in
      reconstituted nude mice against Balb/c, nu/nu mice. Investigation of the
      production of the cytotoxic activity per cell was carried out using T cell and
      macrophage fractions separated from the spleens of both Balb/c, nu/nu and Balb/c,
      nu/+ mice treated with P. acnes as a priming agent. Elicitation employing LPS was
      done in vitro. Cytotoxic activity released into culture medium was observed in
      the macrophage fraction, but not in the T cell fraction. However, no significant
      difference was shown in species. With P. acnes treatment, the population of
      macrophages in the spleens from Balb/c, nu/+ mice increased 25.5 times, whereas
      that from Balb/c, nu/nu mice only increased 6.8 times. The above results suggest
      that the mechanism of the incremental effect of T cells on TNF production was due
      to the promotion of macrophage proliferation during the priming period after
      injection of P. acnes.

PMID- 6375576
TI  - [Experimental animal information file: chromosomes of muskrats (Suncus murinus)].

PMID- 6375577
TI  - Papular polymorphous light eruption. Fibrin, complement, and immunoglobulin
      deposition.
AB  - Biopsy specimens of papules taken from eight patients with polymorphous light
      eruption ( PMLE ) were examined by a direct immunofluorescence technique.
      Extensive intervascular and focal perivascular deposits of fibrin were detected
      in each case. Slight vascular deposition of C3 and IgM were observed in five and
      two patients, respectively. The lupus band test was negative in all cases. The
      findings suggest that venular injury with activation of the clotting system is
      involved in the development of lesions in PMLE .

PMID- 6375578
TI  - Localized cicatricial pemphigoid (Brunsting-Perry). A transplantation experiment.
AB  - Normal skin was transplanted into a cicatricial plaque in a patient affected with
      localized, benign pemphigoid of the Brunsting-Perry type. Eight weeks later, the
      transplanted tissue was removed and found to have IgG at the basement membrane
      zone on immunofluorescence microscopy. Subepidermal bullae developed at the graft
      donor site. Local factors and trauma may be important in the pathogenesis of this
      variant of cicatricial pemphigoid.

PMID- 6375579
TI  - Adjuvant therapy of pemphigus.
AB  - The effectiveness of adjuvant therapy of pemphigus was evaluated by comparing the
      results of studies of pemphigus treated with corticosteroids and adjuvant as
      opposed to corticosteroids only. There has been a steady and striking improvement
      in the prognosis of pemphigus during the past three decades. However, factors
      other than the use of adjuvant therapy appear to be responsible, since the
      survival and incidence of remissions in patients treated with adjuvants was only
      slightly better than that of patients treated with corticosteroids alone. The
      variable course of pemphigus and the lack of stratification makes it difficult to
      judge whether these slight differences have any relevance. A suggested protocol
      to treat pemphigus is presented.

PMID- 6375580
TI  - Linear IgA bullous dermatosis. Successful treatment with colchicine.

PMID- 6375581
TI  - Human Escherichia coli diarrhoea.

PMID- 6375582
TI  - Haemolytic uraemic syndrome.

PMID- 6375583
TI  - Neonatal group B streptococcal meningitis.
AB  - Bacteriological and clinical data on 68 children with neonatal group B
      streptococcal meningitis were analysed as part of a wider study of bacterial
      meningitis undertaken between 1976 and 1982. Twenty five per cent of patients
      died and there was no difference in the mortality rate between early and late
      onset disease. Sixteen per cent of the infants weighed less than 2500 g at birth
      but in 50% no predisposing aetiological factor was found. Streptococcus
      agalactiae type III was isolated in 57% of the patients.

PMID- 6375584
TI  - Activities of proteinases and of a proteinase B inhibitor in tumors of the human
      uterus.
AB  - The activities of an acid proteinase, of an alkaline proteinase, of a lysine
      aminopeptidase and of a proteinase B inhibitor were measured in benign and
      malignant tumors of the human uterus. In carcinomas of the corpus uteri the
      activity of the acid proteinase (cathepsin D) was increased compared to normal
      endometrium. This could probably be the result of cell destruction within the
      tumor. In leiomyomas of the uterus the activities of the alkaline proteinase, of
      the lysine aminopeptidase, and of the proteinase inhibitor were decreased
      compared to the normal myometrium. These results suggest that a decrease in the
      rate of degradation of myofibrillar proteins relative to the rate of protein
      synthesis may be responsible for the growth of myomas.

PMID- 6375585
TI  - [Strumal carcinoid of the ovary. A case with ultrastructural and
      immunohistochemical study].

PMID- 6375586
TI  - [Use of a vinyl glue in urinary cytology].

PMID- 6375588
TI  - [Use of F-ab-peroxidase conjugates for localizing the Willebrand factor in human
      platelets].

PMID- 6375587
TI  - [Demonstration of alpha-1-antichymotrypsin in bronchial carcinomas.
      Immunohistochemical study of 31 cases].

PMID- 6375589
TI  - [Direct immunofluorescence study of 33 cases of malignant centroblastic and
      immunoblastic lymphoma].

PMID- 6375590
TI  - [Developmental aspects of the lesions in peliosis hepatis in renal transplant
      patients].

PMID- 6375591
TI  - [Characterization of the AnTAR 2 antigen of Trypanosoma brucei brucei].

PMID- 6375592
TI  - Dried filter paper for sending dysenteric faeces to the laboratory. A neglected
      method?

PMID- 6375593
TI  - Linton patch angioplasty. An adjunct to distal bypass with
      polytetrafluoroethylene grafts.
AB  - Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts have shown promise in bypasses to
      the popliteal and tibial arteries, but a significant incidence of immediate and
      late graft failure has limited general acceptance. Compliance differences between
      the PTFE graft and artery may present technical difficulties in small vessel
      anastomosis, as well as being implicated in late development of intimal
      hyperplasia. A retrospective study of 68 patients who had bypass to the distal
      popliteal and tibial arteries using PTFE grafts with adjunctive distal patch
      angioplasty was undertaken. Operation was done for limb salvage in 85%. Runoff
      was marginal in 69%. A venous patch was sutured to the distal artery and the PTFE
      graft was then sutured into an opening in the proximal portion of the patch.
      There was one early graft occlusion. Cumulative patency was 97% at 1 month, 92%
      at 3 months, 87% at 6 months, 74% at 12 months, and 65% at 24, 36, and 48 months.
      A distal autogenous vein patch permits precise suturing of the distal anastomosis
      and minimizes technical difficulties leading to early graft failure. Improvement
      of the compliance mismatch of the PTFE graft and artery may impede the unwelcome
      development of intimal hyperplasia at the distal anastomotic site. The adjunctive
      use of a distal patch has resulted in excellent immediate graft patency, despite
      a high incidence of poor run-off and limb salvage situations.

PMID- 6375594
TI  - Digital venous angiography. A prospective evaluation in peripheral arterial
      trauma.
AB  - Digital venous angiography (DVA), a new radiographic technique, was prospectively
      compared to conventional intra-arterial angiography (CA) in a group of 153
      patients with trauma and suspected peripheral arterial injury ( PAI ). Criteria
      for entry included: large hematoma, proximity to a major vessel, shotgun wounds,
      blunt injury of the extremities, and fractures or dislocations of areas with high
      risk of arterial injury. Patients with unequivocal clinical evidence of PAI were
      excluded. Study patients had both DVA and CA. Sixteen injuries were diagnosed:
      lacerations (9), transection (1), AV fistulae (2), thromboses (2) and minute
      intimal flaps (2). All patients with abnormal studies were surgically explored;
      there were no false-positives. There were no known false-negatives with CA. The
      intimal flaps were not recognized initially on DVA and their clinical
      significance is questioned. DVA, compared to CA in PAI , had decreased patient
      discomfort, cost, and morbidity. It has the potential for study of multiple areas
      of the body from a single I.V. catheter. DVA can probably replace CA for civilian
      penetrating wounds. CA may remain the standard for blunt and high velocity
      injuries.

PMID- 6375595
TI  - Civilian trauma in the 1980s. A 1-year experience with 456 vascular and cardiac
      injuries.
AB  - During 1982, 312 patients with 408 vascular injuries and 48 cardiac injuries were
      seen. Two or more vascular or cardiac injuries were present in 34% of patients.
      Over 87% of injuries were secondary to gunshot wounds, stab wounds, or shotgun
      wounds. Vascular injuries were most commonly seen in the extremities (39.9%) or
      abdomen (31.9%). The most common arterial injuries occurred in the brachial
      artery (39 patients), while the most common venous injuries occurred in the
      internal jugular vein (26 patients). Arterial injuries were treated by the
      insertion of substitute vascular conduits (33.9%), ligation (22.6%), lateral
      arteriorrhaphy (18.6%), or end-to-end anastomosis (15.4%). Venous injuries were
      treated by lateral venorrhaphy (63.7%) or ligation (25.1%). In the 272 patients
      admitted with only vascular injuries, survival was 84.2%. Cardiac injuries in 38
      patients most commonly occurred in the right ventricle (50%) and right atrium
      (25%). In the 34 patients who had only cardiac injuries and less than 4 minutes
      of prehospital cardiopulmonary arrest prior to arrival in the emergency center,
      survival was 64.7%.

PMID- 6375596
TI  - Aortic and mitral valve replacement with the St. Jude Medical prosthesis.
AB  - From April 1, 1979 to August 31, 1983, 228 patients underwent isolated aortic
      (AVR) (118) or mitral (MVR) (90) valve replacements with a new tilting disc valve
      prosthesis, the St. Jude prosthesis, at the Medical University of South Carolina.
      Age ranged from 6 to 84 years (mean 49.1 +/- 19.2 AVR, 44.5 +/- 16.5 MVR). Male
      sex predominated in the AVR group (68%) and female sex in the MVR group (68%).
      Thirty-five patients (16.8%) had associated coronary bypass surgery (AVR 23.7%,
      MVR 7.8%). There were seven deaths (3.4%) occurring during the same
      hospitalization (AVR: 3/118, 2.5%; MVR: 4/90, 4.4%). Follow-up is 97.6% complete
      and ranges from 1 to 54 months (mean 19.6 +/- 12.4). In the AVR group, nine late
      deaths have occurred and actuarial survival at 42 months is 86.7 +/- 3.8%. Three
      patients have sustained thromboembolic episodes for a linearized rate of 1.6%
      patient-year, and the probability of remaining free of thromboembolism at 42
      months is 96.9 +/- 1.8%. The mean improvement in functional class from
      preoperative to postoperative is 3.1 +/- 0.7 to 1.2 +/- 0.4 (p less than 0.001).
      In the MVR group, there have been four late deaths, and the actuarial survival at
      42 months is 89.3 +/- 3.8%. Two patients have sustained thromboembolic
      complications for a linearized rate of 1.2%/patient-year, and the probability of
      remaining free of thromboembolism at 42 months is 97.2 +/- 2%. The mean
      improvement in functional class from before to after surgery is 3.2 +/- 0.7 to
      1.3 +/- 0.5 (p less than 0.001). There have been no thromboses of the St. Jude
      valve in the mitral or aortic position, no mechanical failures, and no patient
      has had significant valve-related hemolysis. Because of this experience, the St.
      Jude Medical heart valve prosthesis is our prosthesis of choice for any patient
      undergoing valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis.

PMID- 6375598
TI  - Prophylactic portal nondecompression surgery in patients with esophageal varices.
      An interim report.
AB  - This is an interim report of a prospective controlled study to evaluate
      prophylactic surgery in 112 patients with portal hypertension and esophageal
      varices treated since 1980. Methods of operation were confined to those with the
      least influence on portal circulation, namely selective shunts and nonshunting
      direct interruption procedures. The bleeding rates were 19.2% in the medical
      group and none in the surgical group (p less than 0.01). The mortality in the
      medical group in case of first bleeding was 50%. Operative mortality was 3.3%.
      There was no difference in the survival rate between the two groups at the time
      of 2 years follow-up. Prophylactic surgery led to a prevention of esophageal
      bleeding without any increase in the mortality rates.

PMID- 6375597
TI  - Antibiotic trials in intra-abdominal infections. A critical evaluation of study
      design and outcome reporting.
AB  - The introduction of several new antibiotics, including cephalosporins and ureido
      penicillins, has been a stimulus for clinical trials with these agents for intra
      abdominal infection. Despite marked differences in antibacterial spectra,
      substantial differences in treatment results have not been documented. We
      reviewed published trials of antibiotic therapy for intra-abdominal infection to
      determine factors in study design that might impair identification of clinically
      important differences between regimens. Sixteen articles were identified that
      provided sufficient numbers of cases and data for analysis. Eight were
      prospective comparative trials, the remainder "single-armed" studies. The
      mortality rate was 3.5%, and the overall success rate was 84% for aminoglycoside
      plus clindamycin (range 52%-96%), 89% (range 83%-93%) for aminoglycoside plus
      metronidazole, and 93% (range 61%-95%) for cephalosporin-based regimens. Several
      defects in study design were identified. (1) Exclusionary criteria employed
      generally prevented enrollment of seriously ill patients or infections associated
      with high failure rates: Patients were excluded if even mild renal impairment was
      present or if antibiotic therapy had been recently administered, thereby
      excluding patients with postoperative or recurrent infections. Several studies
      allowed entry of contaminated but not infected patients. (2) Criteria used for
      reporting infectious diagnosis, premorbid health status, severity of infection,
      and outcome were nonuniform, and few studies provided such information. (3)
      Despite the small number of treatment failures, data reported did not allow
      determination of the basis for failure. For example, only four studies provided
      information on the operations performed upon treatment failures. Whether
      treatment failures were due to inadequate antibiotic therapy could therefore not
      be determined. Enrollment of a variety of low mortality infections precluded
      demonstration of any differences in regimens. Use of stratified randomization,
      stratifying for site of infection and severity of infection, and inclusion of
      greater numbers of patients would increase the likelihood of identifying
      differences between regimens. Such study design would likely require a
      multicenter trial to enroll sufficient numbers of cases for statistical analysis.

PMID- 6375599
TI  - Effects of prophylactic antibiotics in vascular surgery. A prospective,
      randomized, double-blind study.
AB  - In a prospective, randomized, double-blind study the effects on infection rates
      of a 1-day and a 3-day course of cefuroxime versus placebo were studied in
      patients undergoing peripheral vascular surgery. During a 30-month study period
      211 patients were randomized to one of three treatment groups: Group I Placebo;
      Group II cefuroxime 1 day; Group III cefuroxime 3 days. Cefuroxime was
      administered intravenously (1.5 g every 8 hours) and the first dose was given 1
      hour before surgery. Wound infection rates in the three treatment groups were:
      Group I 16.7%; Group II 3.8% (p less than 0.05 vs placebo); Group III 4.3% (p
      less than 0.05 vs placebo). One graft infection occurred in 110 patients at risk
      (0.9%) and this occurred in the placebo group. No allergic reactions or other
      side effects were noted in any of the treatment groups. No cefuroxime-resistant
      bacteria were found in Group II or III. In conclusion, prophylactic
      administration of cefuroxime during 1 day significantly reduced the incidence of
      infectious complications following peripheral vascular surgery. Extension of the
      prophylaxis beyond the day of surgery offered no additional effect. The study
      supports the use of short-term prophylactic antibiotics in vascular surgery.

PMID- 6375600
TI  - The surgical management of extravalvular aortic root infection.
AB  - Fifteen patients with extravalvular aortic root infection and associated
      infective endocarditis underwent urgent operation for this condition at Glasgow
      Royal Infirmary between 1977 and 1983. Four patients (26.7%) subsequently died
      between 1 and 68 months after operation. All patients underwent aortic valve
      replacement, with debridement or suture closure of abscess cavities as indicated.
      Three patients also required insertion of permanent pacing systems for complete
      heart block. Three other patients required further surgical intervention. Aortic
      valve rereplacement was done on two occasions in 1 patient and repair of a
      periprosthetic leak in the second patient; the third required one additional
      procedure to close an aorto-right atrial fistula postoperatively. Ten out of 11
      survivors are in New York Heart Association Class I, and the remaining patient is
      in Class II. Aggressive surgical therapy without the need for complicated
      reconstructive procedures of the aortic root is effective in the management of
      extravalvular aortic root infections.

PMID- 6375601
TI  - Pneumopericardium resulting in cardiac tamponade.
AB  - Cardiac tamponade most commonly results from accumulation of blood or other
      fluids within the pericardial sac. However, there is a growing body of clinical
      evidence showing that pneumopericardium can lead to cardiac tamponade in a large
      number of patients. Including those in the present report, a total of 252
      patients with pneumopericardium are available for review. Interestingly, cardiac
      tamponade developed in 94 patients, or 37% of this group, because of air within
      the pericardial space. Pneumopericardium resulting in tamponade most frequently
      occurs in trauma patients or in newborn infants requiring positive pressure
      ventilation. This syndrome can be recognized promptly because of its
      characteristic physical findings and radiographic features. Although air
      tamponade can be treated effectively by either needle aspiration or insertion of
      a pericardial tube, the development of a pneumopericardium is a bad prognostic
      sign. Out of the 221 patients reported in the literature whose outcome is known,
      127 (57%) died. In the group with a tension pneumopericardium, the mortality was
      56% (53 out of 94 patients). Even without the development of tension, however,
      pneumopericardium was associated with a 58% mortality (74 out of 127 patients)
      due to other underlying disease processes.

PMID- 6375602
TI  - "Life is short and the art long, the occasion instant, the experiment perilous,
      the decision difficult".

PMID- 6375603
TI  - Coronary artery bypass graft surgery: relative efficacy of initial proximal
      versus distal anastomoses.
AB  - Controversy exists concerning the most appropriate sequence of anastomoses in
      coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures. While the more commonly
      employed method of distal coronary anastomoses first has withstood a long
      clinical experience, a recent study and several cardiac surgical groups have
      suggested that construction of the proximal anastomoses first offers certain
      advantages. In 30 patients undergoing CABG, we performed a prospective,
      randomized trial comparing both techniques. Relative efficacy was assessed by
      hemodynamic, radionuclide, electrocardiographic, enzymatic, thermographic, and
      clinical evaluation. The length of cardiopulmonary bypass was longer in the group
      having the distal anastomoses done first. Myocardial temperature mapping was
      similar between groups. Hemodynamic changes, including cardiac output, ejection
      fraction, and regional wall motion, were nearly identical between the groups. The
      incidence of myocardial damage reflected by levels of myocardial-specific
      isoenzymes (serum CK-MB) and electrocardiographic changes was also similar. In
      conclusion, the sequence of anastomoses is not critical in routine CABG
      operations. However, we speculate that each technique may have certain advantages
      under different clinical circumstances found on occasion. Ideally, each method
      should be part of the coronary surgeon's armamentarium.

PMID- 6375604
TI  - An effective adjunct to tricuspid annuloplasty.
AB  - A simple and effective adjunct to annuloplasty is presented for use in patients
      in whom dilatation of the annulus may not be sufficient to convert the tricuspid
      valve into a bicuspid valve. Several interrupted sutures are placed on the
      leaflets adjacent to the commissural zone between the anterior and posterior
      leaflets prior to exclusion of the posterior leaflet.

PMID- 6375605
TI  - The first successful total repair of congenital atresia of the esophagus with
      tracheoesophageal fistula.
AB  - The details of the first successful total repair of congenital atresia of the
      esophagus with tracheoesophageal fistula are given, and the background of
      surgical experience against which this operation stands preeminent is outlined.

PMID- 6375606
TI  - Reoperation for aortic coarctation.
AB  - Reoperation for aortic coarctation has become common because of several factors:
      (1) increased physician awareness that hypertensive cardiovascular disease
      continues to threaten the prognosis of the patient following coarctectomy and
      that investigation in some symptomatic individuals after coarctectomy will
      demonstrate a residual or recurrent coarctation, even many years after the
      primary repair; (2) the widespread application of stress testing, which can
      reveal marked arm-to-leg pressure gradients not observed at rest, to the routine
      postcoarctectomy follow-up examination; (3) improved noninvasive aortic
      evaluation techniques, such as ultrasound; and (4) higher salvage rates among
      infants undergoing urgent coarctation repairs and the recognition that these
      children subsequently are at high risk for recoarctation. A surgical decision
      making process characterized by flexibility provides maximum patient safety; no
      single reoperation technique can be applied in all situations. Individual
      circumstances may dictate recoarctation repair by resection with end-to-end
      anastomosis, tube graft interposition, aortoplasty, or tube graft bypass. The
      need for a temporary aortic shunt or partial left atriofemoral bypass to maintain
      adequate distal aortic perfusion pressure during the repair means that these
      methods must be available at all reoperations. Diligent efforts to repair all
      hemodynamically significant residual and recurrent coarctations are necessary if
      the natural fate of premature death is to be avoided for patients with these
      lesions.

PMID- 6375607
TI  - [Immunofixation on cellulose acetate: value of its use in the laboratory].
AB  - In this paper, the authors show that the cellulose acetate immunofixation technic
      allows from a certain dilution of patient serum to point out only the monoclonal
      character of the immunoglobulins.

PMID- 6375608
TI  - [Contribution of Ernest Conseil to the birth of epidemiology in Tunisia].

PMID- 6375609
TI  - Enhanced blood pressure increase after prostaglandins synthesis inhibition in the
      early phase of renal hypertension; an opposing role for the contralateral kidney.
AB  - Application of a solid renal artery clip (0.25 mm i.d.) in rats with an
      undisturbed contralateral kidney (two-kidney one clip renal hypertension; 2KH )
      causes a small increase in blood pressure within the first 3 hr. After
      pretreatment of the animals with aspirin the blood pressure response was
      enhanced. In contrast, in unilaterally nephrectomized rats after clipping(one
      kidney one clip renal hypertension; 1KH ), the increase in blood pressure of the
      control and aspirin pretreated group was similar and at the level of the aspirin
      pretreated group of the 2KH -rats. One day after clipping in the 2KH -rats there
      was still a marked enhancement of the blood pressure increase induced by the
      prostaglandin-synthesis inhibitor. Plasma renin activity of the aspirin and
      control group 1 hr after clipping was significantly increased as compared to the
      sham operated animals in as well the 2KH - and 1KH -rats. The converting enzyme
      inhibitor captopril attenuates the acute increase in blood pressure in both
      control and aspirin treated 2KH - and 1KH -rats pointing to a major role for
      angiotensin II. It is suggested that the potentiation of blood pressure after
      prostaglandin synthesis inhibition is due to a diminished release of
      prostaglandins by the contralateral kidney. The data indicate that in intact rats
      prostaglandins may act as breaking mechanism against hypertensive influences such
      as a sudden increase in blood pressure by angiotensin II.

PMID- 6375611
TI  - Intravenous therapy team and peripheral venous catheter-associated complications.
      A prospective controlled study.
AB  - A prospective controlled trial was conducted on four similar inpatient medical
      wards to test the hypothesis that a trained intravenous therapy (IVT) team would
      substantially reduce the incidence of peripheral intravenous (IV) catheter
      related complications. We followed 863 IV catheters. The overall incidence of
      phlebitis in the ward staff-maintained IV catheters was 32% as compared with 15%
      for those maintained by the IVT team. The incidence of two more serious
      complications (cellulitis and suppurative phlebitis) was reduced tenfold from
      2.1% to 0.2%. We conclude that an IVT team can substantially reduce the
      iatrogenic complications related to IV catheters.

PMID- 6375610
TI  - A double-blind clinical trial in weight control. Use of fenfluramine and
      phentermine alone and in combination.
AB  - We performed a double-blind, controlled clinical trial comparing phentermine
      resin (30 mg in the morning), fenfluramine hydrochloride (20 mg three times a
      day), and a combination of phentermine resin (15 mg in the morning) and
      fenfluramine hydrochloride (30 mg before the evening meal), and placebo. We
      combined low doses of the two drugs to maintain efficacy while diminishing
      adverse effects. Eighty-one people with simple obesity (130% to 180% of ideal
      body weight) participated. Individualized diets were prescribed and discussed
      again during the 24-week study period. Weight loss in those receiving the
      combination (8.4 +/- 1.1 kg; mean +/- SEM) was significantly greater than in
      those receiving placebo (4.4 +/- 0.9 kg; Scheff e's test) and equivalent to that
      of those receiving fenfluramine (7.5 +/- 1.2 kg) or phentermine (10.0 +/- 1.2 kg)
      alone. Adverse effects were less frequent with the combination regimen than with
      other active treatments. Thirty-seven participants dropped out of the study, 18
      for reasons related to drug treatment. Combining fenfluramine and phentermine
      capitalized on their pharmacodynamic differences, resulting in equivalent weight
      loss, fewer adverse effects, and better appetite control.

PMID- 6375612
TI  - Effect of clonidine therapy on renal hemodynamics in renal transplant
      hypertension.
AB  - Antihypertensive medications have a variable effect on renal hemodynamics and may
      contribute to renal insufficiency in some patients. Since clonidine has actually
      been found to improve renal hemodynamics in patients with essential hypertension,
      we studied the effects of clonidine therapy in patients with renal transplant
      hypertension. Baseline measurements of BP and renal hemodynamics were made in six
      patients after two weeks of therapy with furosemide. Clonidine was then added and
      titrated until BP was controlled. Repeated measurements of renal hemodynamics
      were made four and 16 weeks after clonidine therapy was begun. Glomerular
      filtration and effective renal plasma flow as assessed by inulin and
      aminohippurate sodium clearances were preserved during prolonged clonidine
      therapy.

PMID- 6375613
TI  - Transdermal administration of clonidine for treatment of high BP.
AB  - The effectiveness of transdermally administered clonidine hydrochloride was
      evaluated in a multicenter study in 85 patients with mild essential hypertension.
      The drug was incorporated into small self-adhesive delivery systems (pliable skin
      patches, 3.5-sq-cm area) designed to continuously deliver 0.1 mg of clonidine
      hydrochloride per day. These devices were changed by the patients themselves at
      weekly intervals. Diastolic BP fell by at least 10% in 37 patients and was
      normalized (less than 90 mm Hg) in 54 patients (64%); 17 of these responding
      patients required only one skin patch, 27 required two, and the other ten
      responders required three. The antihypertensive action of the transdermal
      clonidine was sustained for the full three months of study. Side effects were
      similar to those during conventional oral treatment, but appeared to be milder.

PMID- 6375614
TI  - Gastrointestinal tract complications of diabetes mellitus. Pathophysiology and
      management.
AB  - Diabetes mellitus can affect every organ system, including large and small blood
      vessels, eyes, nerves, kidneys, and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We reviewed
      recent knowledge concerning the impact of diabetes on the gut. While the
      incidence of GI tract complications is usually considered relatively low,
      functional alterations have been demonstrated at every level in the gut and
      account for considerable morbidity in the diabetic population.

PMID- 6375615
TI  - Calcium blockers in smooth-muscle disorders. Current status.
AB  - Calcium-entry blockers have proven efficacy in a variety of cardiovascular
      disorders. The effects of these agents on ionic calcium fluxes and, thus, on
      smooth-muscle contraction suggest that several noncardiac conditions involving
      smooth-muscle dysfunction may be managed with calcium antagonists. Beneficial
      therapeutic results have been reported in various forms of hypertension and
      Raynaud's phenomenon. The results of preliminary studies in treating pulmonary
      hypertension, cerebral arterial spasm, migraine headache, esophageal motility
      disorders, and myometrial hypercontractile states are encouraging. Carefully
      designed, large-scale and long-term clinical trials are needed to establish the
      therapeutic value of calcium-entry blockers in these disorders.

PMID- 6375616
TI  - Shock. Diagnosis and management.
AB  - Recent investigations have underscored the great diversity in both the causes and
      manifestations of clinical shock. The emphasis has shifted toward more specific
      therapy when that has been possible. Pure vasoconstrictors have assumed a
      secondary therapeutic role, as volume replacement or expansion has become the
      initial management of shock. Agents, such as naloxone hydrochloride,
      corticosteroids, fructose diphosphate, amrinone and milrinone , and nonsteroidal
      antiinflammatory agents, while still experimental, offer improved understanding
      and management of the shock syndrome.

PMID- 6375618
TI  - Peliosis hepatis after renal transplantation.

PMID- 6375617
TI  - Subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema. Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and
      management.
AB  - Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum occur frequently in critically ill
      patients in association with blunt or penetrating trauma, soft-tissue infections,
      or any condition that creates a gradient between intra-alveolar and perivascular
      interstitial pressures. A continuum of fascial planes connects cervical soft
      tissues with the medlastinum and retroperitoneum, permitting aberrant air arising
      in any one of these areas to spread elsewhere. Diagnosis is made in the
      appropriate clinical setting by careful physical examination and inspection of
      the chest roentgenogram. While the presence of air in subcutaneous or mediastinal
      tissue is not dangerous in itself, prompt recognition of the underlying cause is
      essential. Certain trauma-related causes may require surgical intervention, but
      the routine use of chest tubes tracheostomy, or mediastinal drains is not
      recommended.

PMID- 6375619
TI  - Changes in properties of phytopathogenic bacteria effected by plasmid pRD1.
AB  - Transfer of plasmid pRD1 from Escherichia coli K 12J62 -1 to phytopathogenic
      bacteria, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Xanthomonas beticola and Erwinia carotovora
      subsp. carotovora caused changes in conjugant properties not determined by the
      plasmid and the emergence of the properties not present in the parent strains.
      Clones have been obtained with intermediate properties between donor and
      recipient, including those with altered or lost virulence. In transconjugants of
      A. tumefaciens virulence increased. In transconjugants of X. beticola and E.
      carotovora subsp. carotovora highly virulent as well as avirulent forms have been
      observed. The loss of virulence in X. beticola correlated with the Nif+
      phenotype. Plasmid pRD1 also affected the biochemical properties of the new
      hosts.

PMID- 6375622
TI  - Diagnostic advances v the value of the autopsy. 1912-1980.
AB  - Between 1912 and 1980, many English language publications analyzed the
      correlation between clinicians' diagnoses and postmortem examinations.
      Surprisingly, the percentage of cases with undiagnosed principal underlying
      diseases or primary causes of death has not diminished during this period. The
      autopsy's unvarying percentage yield does not indicate a lack of progress,
      however, since bacterial pneumonia, hepatic cirrhosis, and common tumors were
      missed routinely in earlier eras but were rarely missed after 1970. Pulmonary
      embolism remains commonly missed, but the striking recent finding is the
      emergence of fungal and other systemic infections that were rarely noted in prior
      eras. Progress in diagnosis and treatment may allow patients to live longer and
      new or obscure diseases may develop that will often be missed clinically. An
      appropriately high autopsy rate will be required if medical progress is to
      continue.

PMID- 6375620
TI  - Comparison of the killer toxin of several yeasts and the purification of a toxin
      of type K2.
AB  - A total of 13 killer toxin producing strains belonging to the genera
      Saccharomyces, Candida and Pichia were tested against each other and against a
      sensitive yeast strain. Based on the activity of the toxins 4 different toxins of
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 2 different toxins of Pichia and one toxin of Candida
      were recognized. The culture filtrate of Pichia and Candida showed a much smaller
      activity than the strains of Saccharomyces. Extracellular killer toxins of 3
      types of Saccharomyces were concentrated and partially purified. The pH optimum
      and the isoelectric point were determined. The killer toxins of S. cerevisiae
      strain NCYC 738, strain 399 and strain 28 were glycoproteins and had a molecular
      weight of Mr = 16,000. The amino acid composition of the toxin type K2 of S.
      cerevisiae strain 399 was determined and compared with the composition of two
      other toxins.

PMID- 6375623
TI  - Pain center follow-up study of treated and untreated patients.
AB  - To investigate the outcome of patients treated in a multidisciplinary pain
      clinic, patients previously treated in the center and patients who had been
      eligible for, but did not desire such treatment, were contacted by phone. Their
      current life and pain status were assessed using a structured interview format.
      Fourteen individuals in each group agreed to participate in the study. The groups
      did not differ significantly on variables of sex, age, time since referral,
      marital status, premorbid income, and type of pain. Analysis of differences in
      discomfort level for the treated group revealed a 47% decrease from a mean of
      7.02 to 3.67 (10-point scale). The telephone contact occurred approximately 2 1/2
      years following initial referral. There were no statistical differences in
      current pain levels, number of pain-related visits to health professionals, pain
      related expenses, employment status, disability status, history of pain-related
      litigation, use of medications, or frequency of pain-related surgeries since
      referral. Patients treated in the pain clinic were significantly more likely to
      use active, self-control strategies to manage pain than were individuals in the
      control group. Use of such strategies, however, was limited. The data suggest
      that outcome studies of pain patients should include control groups treated by
      other modalities or who receive no treatment; that maintenance of treatment goals
      is compromised by compliance problems; and that more comprehensive cost
      effectiveness studies of chronic pain treatment are needed.

PMID- 6375621
TI  - Phenelzine v imipramine in atypical depression. A preliminary report.
AB  - Sixty patients meeting specific criteria for atypical depression completed six
      weeks of double-blind, randomly assigned treatment with phenelzine sulfate,
      imipramine hydrochloride, or placebo. The overall response rates were 67% with
      phenelzine, 43% with imipramine, and 29% with placebo. At week 6, phenelzine was
      superior to placebo on many measures, while the superiority of imipramine to
      placebo was confined to several variables. Phenelzine was superior to imipramine
      on the interpersonal sensitivity and paranoia factors of the 90-item Hopkins
      Symptom Checklist, with trends toward superiority on several other measures,
      while imipramine was not differentially superior on any measure. Atypical
      depressive patients with a history of spontaneous panic attacks and hysteroid
      dysphoric patients both showed extremely low rates of response to placebo and
      high rates of response to phenelzine. Conversely, those without panic or
      hysteroid dysphoric features responded equally to all three treatments.
      Responders to pheneizine also had greater platelet monoamine oxidase inhibition
      while receiving drug therapy than did nonresponders. Completion of the 120
      patient sample will allow more detailed analyses.

PMID- 6375624
TI  - [Clinico-radiographic study on homoplastic cortical grafts].

PMID- 6375625
TI  - [Injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament. Indications and surgical technic].

PMID- 6375626
TI  - [Intertibia-peroneal transplant in the treatment of infectious pseudarthrosis of
      the tibia].

PMID- 6375627
TI  - [Historical development of the treatment of bone cysts].

PMID- 6375628
TI  - [Francesco Delitala (28 Feb 1883-29 Jul 1983)].

PMID- 6375629
TI  - Duplex ultrasonography, digital subtraction angiography, and conventional
      angiography in assessing carotid atherosclerosis.
AB  - We prospectively compared duplex ultrasonography with digital subtraction
      angiography (DSA) and conventional angiography in the evaluation of carotid
      atherosclerosis by studying 494 arteries. Arteries were graded independently as
      normal, mildly stenotic, moderately stenotic, severely stenotic, or occluded.
      There was absolute agreement between duplex ultrasonography and DSA as to disease
      severity in 296 (68%) of 434 vessels, good correlation in an additional 119
      vessels (28%), and poor correlation in 19 vessels (4%). When duplex studies were
      compared with conventional angiograms, the correlations were similar: absolute
      for 60 (71%) of 85 vessels, good for 17 (20%) of 85 vessels, and poor for eight
      (9%) of 85 vessels. With conventional angiography as the standard, duplex studies
      tended to overestimate the severity of disease in 64% of vessels and
      underestimate it in 36%, v 28% and 72%, respectively, for DSA. We concluded that
      duplex ultrasonography is as accurate as DSA in assessing carotid bifurcation
      atherosclerosis. The tendency of DSA to underestimate disease severity may lead
      to diagnostic errors in patients with nonobstructive plaques.

PMID- 6375630
TI  - Central venous thrombosis and embolism associated with peritoneovenous shunts.
AB  - During a five-year period from Aug 1, 1977 through Aug 1, 1982, 36 patients
      required 47 peritoneovenous shunt procedures (36 initial and 11 revisions) for
      the management of their intractable ascites. The results at six months showed 23
      (63.9%) of 36 patients were dead, but in those living, 12 (92.3%) of 13, the
      ascites was satisfactorily controlled. Patency was measurably prolonged by
      appropriate revision of the shunt. The early and late complication rates were
      surprisingly high, 38.3% and 40.4%, respectively. The most serious complication
      was central venous thrombosis, 11 (23.4%) of 47 procedures, including one
      nonfatal and two fatal pulmonary emboli. Treatment included the use of
      fibrinolytic agents, anticoagulation, and shunt revisions. Careful attention to
      the details of shunt fabrication, insertion, and patient selection may help to
      reduce the occurrence of central venous thrombosis associated with
      peritoneovenous shunts.

PMID- 6375631
TI  - Results of kidney retransplantation.
AB  - Sixty-two patients had a second renal transplant at the University of Florida,
      Gainesville , between Nov 30, 1966 and June 26, 1982. Two-year graft function for
      all 62 patients was 53.2%, and patient survival was 83.9%. The 51 recipients of
      cadaveric grafts had a two-year graft survival of 47%. Eleven patients who
      received second grafts from related donors had a two-year graft survival of
      81.8%. Source of first grafts and length of survival of first grafts did not seem
      to be important in determining the outcome of second grafts. Recipients of
      cadaveric second kidneys had a significantly better two-year graft survival if
      they waited longer than six months between loss of the first kidney and
      retransplantation (52.9%) than if they waited less than six months (35.3%). We
      believe the results of kidney retransplantation justify second transplants in
      patients who lost their first grafts.

PMID- 6375632
TI  - Myocardial depression. The effect of Ca++ and calcium flux during sepsis.
AB  - Previous studies from this laboratory described myocardial depression in an
      arterially perfused rabbit interventricular septum following perfusion with acute
      septic plasma. Calcium is critical for maintenance of cardiac contractility on a
      beat-to-beat basis. We have investigated calcium flux in the septal tissue to
      determine whether altered calcium flux explains the impaired cardiac function
      during sepsis. Twenty-two rabbit septa were perfused with control and septic
      perfusate (cryo-precipitated plasma + RBCs) and calcium flux determined in seven
      experiments. Perfusate cations (Ca++, Na+, K+, and H+) were measured, tissue
      function and arterial pressure were monitored. Developed tension decreased 46%,
      acceleration of tension change fell 42%, and arterial pressure decreased 26%, all
      highly significant. All septa recovered after return to control perfusate. The
      septic perfusate Ca++ was significantly lower than control perfusate, while K+
      and H+ were significantly elevated. Ion flux studies, however, could not
      demonstrate altered calcium flux associated with the depressed contractility.

PMID- 6375633
TI  - Skin staples in potentially contaminated wounds.
AB  - In potentially contaminated surgical procedures, wound infection is more likely
      when percutaneous sutures are used rather than skin tapes. Our reluctance to use
      tapes routinely because of variability in their adhesive properties prompted this
      evaluation of the ability of skin staples to resist abscess formation after
      contamination of the subcutaneous space. In each of 180 mice, a predetermined
      quantity of Staphylococcus aureus was injected into the subcutaneous space of a
      fresh skin incision. Closure with the skin stapler was most resistant to abscess
      formation. Presumably, percutaneous sutures provide a nidus for bacterial growth
      in the relatively avascular subcutaneous space. This problem is avoided by the
      use of skin tapes or staples. For those who are insecure about the strength of a
      closure with skin tapes, the skin stapler should provide an alternative in
      potentially contaminated cases where delayed primary closure is not elected.

PMID- 6375634
TI  - The biologic basis for the clinical application of the silicones. A correlate to
      their biocompatibility.
AB  - The polysiloxanes (silicones) are a group of inert and inorganic compounds that
      were introduced over two decades ago. The pure form, termed medical-grade
      silicone, has a wide variety of clinical applications. Almost all surgical fields
      have used a product made of silicone. Silicone has been found to be an inert
      material, with minimal reaction of the biologic system to its presence. However,
      multiple clinical problems still exist due to certain applications of silicone
      products. The problems are related to its surface properties; In the blood
      thrombi form around silicone implants that may dislodge and cause symptoms around
      the implants. Scar formation may occur, and internal wound healing problems in
      the breast cause spherical contracture. In the eyes, where transparencies are
      needed, as in the intraocular lens implant, the scar interfaces with the visual
      image transmissions. Some of these internal problems relate to the hydrophobic
      nature of the silicone surface and have been resolved in part by adsorbing a
      wetting agent, such as povidone, to the surface. Such obviation has gained wide
      clinical application in surface coating of the intraocular lens. In search of an
      ideal implantable material, silicone, the most applicable, is still far from
      being called the ideal implant. Perhaps with the changes of its surface
      properties, such as introducing wetting agents to its surface, a new dimension in
      clinical applications will open the horizons of silicone in the 1980s.

PMID- 6375635
TI  - Intraluminal erosion and migration of the Angelchik antireflux prosthesis.
AB  - Despite a paucity of published clinical trials, use of the Angelchik antireflux
      prosthesis has increased dramatically since its introduction in 1979. Serious
      complications of this device have begun to appear. We dealt with two cases of
      erosion of the prosthesis into the gastrointestinal tract, one of which
      represents, to our knowledge, the first reported case of a gastroenteric fistula
      secondary to the device. Other complications of the use of this prosthesis have
      appeared in the literature. Carefully controlled clinical studies with long-term
      follow-up are needed to assess the overall benefits and safety of this new
      antireflux prosthesis.

PMID- 6375636
TI  - [Nutritive physiological effects of dietary fats in rations of growing swine. 6.
      Effect of soya oil and lard on growth performance and carcass characteristics and
      various blood parameters in fattening swine].
AB  - Groups of each 10 boars, weight range 20-60 kg, were fed ad libitum the following
      4 rations of similar protein: energy ratio: Ration I (control), Ration II (+ 2%
      soyaoil ), Ration III (+ 2% soyaoil + 5% lard), Ration IV (+ 7% lard). When the
      animals reached 60 kg body weight each group was halved. One half had free access
      to the above rations, while the other half were fed ad libitum on the control
      ration. At body weights of 50 and 100 kg the concentrations of urea, insulin,
      glucose and cholesterol were measured, in addition the fatty acid composition of
      the backfat. At the end of the experiment (100 kg) the content of fat in the
      carcass was calculated by determining the specific gravidity of the carcass.
      There was little difference in the intake of metabolizable energy (ME) of the
      different groups of animals at both body weight ranges as a result of the
      reduction in feed intake of the fat supplemented diets on account of the higher
      ME-content. There were little differences in the glucose and urea concentrations
      in the blood of the animals fed the different rations. The highest cholesterol
      and the lowest insulin levels were measured in groups III and IV, when 5 and 7%
      lard was added, respectively. The animals, continuously fed Rations III and IV
      over the whole period of experiment, had a significantly higher fat content (p
      less than 0,05) than the control animals. There was a very marked influence of
      the fatty acid intake on the fatty acid pattern of the backfat. Following the
      change of feed to the control ration at 60 kg body weight, the linoleic acid
      content of the animals in Groups III and IV was significantly reduced (p less
      than 0,001) from 15.7 to 11.2%. However this was higher than the 7.3% linoleic
      acid measured on the animals continuously fed the control ration.

PMID- 6375638
TI  - [Airway response to inhaled methacholine and to exercise in adult asthmatics].

PMID- 6375637
TI  - [Measurement of IgE and IgG antibody levels specific for Candida albicans in
      asthmatic children].

PMID- 6375639
TI  - [Hepatitis B viral markers in the liver tissue of HBs-antigen carriers].
AB  - It is established that the liver tissue of HBs antigen carriers, apart from the
      persistence of two hepatitis B virus antigens, contains morphological alterations
      ranging from the benign hyperbilirubinemia to the minimal and chronic persisting
      hepatitis. The authors claim that the minimal structural liver alterations in
      these patients are due to the tolerance of the immunocompetent system and
      deficiency of the macrophageal function of star-like endotheliocytes.

PMID- 6375640
TI  - [Pathological anatomy and pathogenesis of experimental pancreatitis].
AB  - The necrotic and inflammatory processes in the albino rats pancreas were studied
      by histological, immunomorphological and electron microscopic techniques after
      freezing of the pancreas. Early morphological sings of acinar cells destruction
      were revealed. The mechanism of secret "leakage" from zimogen granules into
      acinar cell cytoplasm was shown. The stages of pathologic process corresponding
      to different types of pancreatitis were established. The inflammatory reaction
      formed in the stage of parenchymal necrosis was characterised by an early
      activation of fibroblastic and macrophagal cells and by the delay of necrotic
      tissue elimination with their following calcification. The chronic pancreatitis
      developed on the immune basis in the intact parts of the pancreas.

PMID- 6375641
TI  - [Morphological semeiotics of the celiac-sprue syndrome].
AB  - Sprue is a specific form of the gluten intolerance followed by the atrophy of
      villous structure and lengthening of crypts of the small intestine crypts.
      Hereditary factor has been implicated in its development and the immune
      hypothesis considering the sprue as a manifestation of the hypersensitivity to
      gluten is the most popular among the existing pathogenetic theories of this
      disease. The epithelium of atrophied villi reveals the most striking alterations.
      The content of lymphocytes in the epithelium is increased, high percentage of
      them being in the state of blast-transformation. The cells of the suppressor
      cytotoxic type predominate among intraepithelial lymphocytes, the transfer of
      lymphocytes into the damaged epithelium is enhanced. Altered epitheliocytes have
      a smaller surface of the apical plasmalemma and a decreased activity of the
      associated enzymes. Intercellular epithelial contacts are altered and the basal
      membrane is damaged. There is an increase in number of T-lymphocytes and plasma
      cells synthesising IgA, IgM and IgG, in the thickened tunica propria of the small
      intestine mucous membrane. Lymphocytes-helpers predominate among T-lymphocytes
      and the ratio lymphocytes-helpers to lymphocytes of the suppressor-cytotoxic type
      is going down. Restoration of morphological alterations in the small intestine
      occurs when gluten is excluded from food.

PMID- 6375642
TI  - [Neurosyphilis resistant to high doses of penicillin: report of a case].
AB  - A case of neurosyphilis that got worse despite several therapeutical trials with
      high doses of penicillin is described. The clinical condition was stabilized and
      cerebrospinal fluid data normalized following treatment with chloramphenicol.

PMID- 6375643
TI  - [Post-infectious transverse myelitis and thoracic spina bifida: report of a
      case].
AB  - The patient, a 30 year-old man, dentist, started having an influenza-like
      infection which lasted five days, with malaise, muscle pain throughout the body
      and fever. One day before the hospital admission he presented urinary retention
      followed in the next day by ataxia and numbness sensation in both feet and lower
      third of his legs. The neurological examination disclosed a thoracic spinal cord
      impairment at T9-T10 level and the diagnosis of a post- infectious transverse
      myelitis was made. The plain Rx of the spine showed a spina bifida oculta in the
      T7 vertebra, which is roughly at the same level of the T9-T10 spinal cord
      segment. An iodinated myelography showed no abnormalities. The CSF examination
      showed small increase in the white cells (6.4 cells/cu.mm). The patient received
      dexamethasone (4. 5g /day) and two weeks later was entirely free of symptoms. The
      authors think that the congenital bone defect (spina bifida) might have played a
      role in the development of the myelitis, probably because of an ontogenetically
      determined "vulnerable point" ("locus minor resistentia ") at that level, either
      anatomical or immunological.

PMID- 6375644
TI  - A different approach to immersion fixation of human dental pulp and odontoblast
      processes.
AB  - A low-speed diamond-edge rotary saw microtome was used to prepare freshly
      extracted human teeth for fixation. The teeth were sliced transversely 900
      microns thick using saline as a coolant; the slices were immersed in
      glutaraldehyde fixative within 10 min of tooth extraction. After flat-embedding
      in Araldite, sections were reduced to 70 microns thickness and examined with
      light microscopy. Selected areas were processed for electron microscopy. In the
      light microscope, the entire pulp appeared to be well fixed. Electron microscopy
      showed that the contents of most of the tubules near the predentine were well
      fixed and microfilaments and microtubules were present in odontoblast processes.
      The quality of fixation with this method was at least as good as other methods
      applicable to teeth with the advantage that the integrity of the entire dental
      pulp was preserved.

PMID- 6375645
TI  - Ceftazidime concentrations in human aqueous humor.
AB  - Two grams of ceftazidime was given to 25 patients before cataract surgery. Mean
      aqueous humor concentrations of 2.8, 3.2, 3.39, and 1.94 micrograms/mL were
      observed 30 minutes and 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours, respectively, after administration
      of the drug. These concentrations are many times higher than the minimum
      inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ceftazidime against 90% ( MIC90 ) of isolates
      of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp, Proteus mirabilis, and indole-positive
      Proteus sp. The peak aqueous humor level was also equivalent to or slightly
      higher than the MIC90 for Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID- 6375646
TI  - Gillies' corner stitch revisited.
AB  - Gillies' corner stitch (GCS) has been generally accepted for closure of skin flap
      tips because it is commonly believed that this stitch provides the best chance
      for survival of a flap tip that may have a compromised blood supply. There are no
      experimental data, however, to support such an assumption. To test the hypothesis
      that other stitches might be equally efficacious, we evaluated flap tip survival
      after closure with two different suture techniques, the GCS and a vertical loop
      stitch ( VLS ). Factors used to evaluate flap tip viability were the measurement
      of RBC movement in the flap tip by laser Doppler technique and measurement of the
      length of flap tip necrosis. In our model, the GCS is not superior to the VLS in
      terms of flap tip survival.

PMID- 6375647
TI  - Mid-trimester acute polyhydramnios and fetal sacro-coccygeal teratoma.

PMID- 6375648
TI  - An outline history of ophthalmology in Australia.
AB  - The first ophthalmologists came to Australia from Great Britain in the early
      1860s and founded charitable eye hospitals on the British pattern. For many
      years, during which Australian States remained colonies of Great Britain, all
      specialist medical training was obtained overseas. World War II greatly
      accelerated Australian independence and stimulated Australian technology,
      science, education, culture and economics. Australian ophthalmologists met the
      challenge with tight organization, home-based training, academic responsibilities
      and research.

PMID- 6375649
TI  - Fear of flying: an Israeli Air Force short case report.
AB  - This paper outlines the brief psychological treatment of an Israel Air Force
      pilot presenting with the fear of flying disorder. An in-depth case report is
      described and a variety of issues are discussed, including presentation of
      symptoms and psychotherapeutic techniques utilized, as well as the complicated
      role of the Mental Health Officer treating the problem within the military
      system.

PMID- 6375650
TI  - The beginnings of aviation medicine in Germany.

PMID- 6375651
TI  - Chromosome analysis by flow cytometry: a review.
AB  - The latest developments in the application of flow cytometry to the analysis and
      fractionation of metaphase chromosomes is reviewed. This includes the preparative
      techniques, staining and machine technology used in flow karyotype production. In
      particular, the application of this technology to the study of chromosomal
      changes and to the construction of chromosomal specific DNA libraries is
      reviewed.

PMID- 6375652
TI  - [Experimental osteoarthrosis--interim report].

PMID- 6375653
TI  - [Fibronectin as a marker for connective tissue regeneration, especially for the
      morphogenesis of cartilage].

PMID- 6375654
TI  - [Trends in drug therapy: electolyte transport in the intestines. The
      pathophysiology and therapy of enterotoxin-caused diarrheas].

PMID- 6375655
TI  - Biochemical diversity and evolution in the genus Mus.
AB  - Thirteen biochemical groups of wild mice from Europe, Asia, and Africa belonging
      to the genus Mus are analyzed at 22-42 protein loci. Phylogenetic trees are
      proposed and patterns of biochemical evolution are discussed, as well as the
      possible contribution of wild mice to the genetic diversity of laboratory stocks.

PMID- 6375656
TI  - Immunological and isoelectric focusing study of beta-glucocerebrosidase from
      normal and Gaucher disease.
AB  - Comparison of normal and Gaucher disease beta-glucocerebrosidase by agarose
      isoelectric focusing (IEF) demonstrated additional bands at the pI-6 area seen
      within the mutated enzyme, while both normal placenta and spleen enzyme
      preparations manifest only major activity at pI-5. Antiglucocerebrosidase
      antibodies precipitated both normal and pathological enzymes, however, more
      antibodies were needed to reach an equivalence with the normal enzymes than with
      the Gaucher's. Cross reactivity of the IEF isozymes were detected by direct
      immunodiffusion on the prefocused gel.

PMID- 6375657
TI  - Insulin downregulates neonatal brain insulin receptors.
AB  - Insulin (2U-regular) was administered intracerebrally or intraperitoneally in
      newborn rabbit pups, to study the effect of the hormone on brain insulin receptor
      characteristics. Intraperitoneal insulin treatment produced an increase in plasma
      insulin concentrations from a control of approximately 24 microU/ml to 132 +/- 36
      (p less than 0.02) and a decrease in plasma glucose from approximately 83 to 27
      +/- 10 mg/dl (p less than 0.01). No change in brain insulin receptor
      characteristics was observed. On the other hand, insulin injected intracerebrally
      raised the plasma insulin to greater than 3000 microU/ml and lowered the plasma
      glucose to 32 +/- 8 mg/dl (p less than .05). In addition a decrease in brain
      insulin receptor sites from 262 +/- 9 X 10(10) mg protein-1 to 159 +/- 6 (p less
      than 0.001) was noted. When the data was expressed per microgram DNA, a decrease
      from 4 +/- 0.4 X 10(10) to 2.5 +/- 0.2 (p less than .01) in receptor sites
      resulted. No change in the receptor affinity was observed. We conclude that a
      direct exposure of the brain to excess insulin results in a down-regulation of
      the brain insulin receptors.

PMID- 6375658
TI  - Influence of heat and sodium dodecyl sulfate on the endopeptidase I from Bacillus
      sphaericus 9602.
AB  - Endopeptidase I from Bacillus sphaericus is a stable enzyme which retains its
      activity at 37 degrees C in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate.
      Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate
      revealed two forms of the enzyme: an active, fast-running form, for the enzyme
      preheated at 37 degrees C and a denatured, slow-running form, for the enzyme
      preheated at 100 degrees C. Such behavior is similar to that of the "heat
      modifiable" outer membrane proteins from gram-negative bacteria. In the absence
      of sodium dodecyl sulfate, endopeptidase I aggregated in an enzymatically active
      dimer, with an apparent molecular weight of 90,000 daltons, which could be the
      native form of the enzyme.

PMID- 6375659
TI  - Inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase by naturally occurring quinols from spores
      of Agaricus bisporus.
AB  - gamma-L-glutaminyl-4-hydroxybenzene, a stable phenol found in high concentrations
      in the gill tissue of the common mushroom, Agaricus bisporus, was shown to be
      capable of selectively inhibiting DNA synthesis in L1210 leukemia cells. Studies
      with isolated enzymes and permeabilized L1210 cells revealed that this compound
      inhibits ribonucleotide reductase ( RNR ) but has no effect on DNA polymerase.
      The results indicated a good correlation between the inhibition of DNA synthesis
      and the ability of this compound to inhibit RNR . The concentration of glutaminyl
      4-hydroxybenzene required to elicit these inhibitory effects has physiological
      relevance to the gill tissue during the prodromal period of sporulation.

PMID- 6375660
TI  - Effect of dibromothymoquinone (DBMIB) on reduction rates of Photosystem I donors
      in intact chloroplasts.
AB  - Dual effect of dibromothymoquinone ( DBMIB ), inhibitor and reducing agent at the
      donor side of Photosystem I, was investigated in isolated intact chloroplasts by
      flash-induced absorbance changes at 820 and 515 nm. We show that in the absence
      of other electron donors, rereduction of P700+ by DBMIB proceeds at a very low
      rate (half-time of approximately 10 s) Dual effect of DBMIB explains that the
      initial rise of electrochromic absorbance change induced by repetitive flashes is
      usually not diminished while the slow rise is fully inhibited by this compound.

PMID- 6375661
TI  - FAD requirement for the reduction of coenzyme F420 by hydrogenase from
      Methanobacterium formicicum.
AB  - Hydrophobic interaction chromatography of coenzyme F420-reducing hydrogenase
      purified from Methanobacterium formicicum depleted protein-bound FAD and
      eliminated the ability to reduce coenzyme F420. Preincubation of the FAD-depleted
      hydrogenase with FAD restored 85% of the coenzyme F420-reducing activity. FMN did
      not replace FAD. A Kd of 12 microM was estimated for FAD. Analysis of the
      reactivated hydrogenase following molecular sieve column chromatography showed
      that FAD was bound to protein. The results indicate that protein-bound FAD is
      reversibly removed from the coenzyme F420-reducing hydrogenase and that this
      flavin is required for the reduction of coenzyme F420.

PMID- 6375662
TI  - Alzheimer's disease: initial report of the purification and characterization of a
      novel cerebrovascular amyloid protein.
AB  - A purified protein derived from the twisted beta-pleated sheet fibrils in
      cerebrovascular amyloidosis associated with Alzheimer's disease has been isolated
      by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography with 5 M guanidine-HC1 in 1 N acetic acid
      and by high performance liquid chromatography. Amino acid sequence analysis and a
      computer search reveals this protein to have no homology with any protein
      sequenced thus far. This protein may be derived from a unique serum precursor
      which may provide a diagnostic test for Alzheimer's disease and a means to
      understand its pathogenesis.

PMID- 6375663
TI  - Selective inhibition of eukaryotic RNA polymerase: a possible new mechanism of
      antitumor drug action.
AB  - N-Trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-O- Hemiadipate (AD 143), a new derivative of
      adriamycin with greater antitumor activity and lower cardiotoxicity, was shown
      not to interact with DNA and yet inhibit the activities of both RNA polymerases I
      and II of chicken myeloblastosis cells in vitro with ID50 values equal to 6.5
      microM and 7 microM, respectively. On the other hand, an approximately 35-fold
      higher concentration of AD 143 was required to cause a similar inhibition of the
      activity of DNA polymerase alpha from chicken myeloblastosis cells. Under the
      same assay conditions, AD 143 had even less effect on either RNA polymerase or
      DNA polymerase I of E. coli cells (ID50 greater than 265 microM for both
      enzymes). These studies suggest that AD 143, in contrast to its parental drug
      adriamycin, may have a selective inhibitory effect against eukaryotic RNA
      polymerases.

PMID- 6375664
TI  - Insulin promoted decrease in the phosphorylation of protein synthesis initiation
      factor eIF-2.
AB  - Insulin stimulates cellular protein synthesis in calf chondrocytes in suspension
      culture. This enhanced synthetic activity is seen in association with a decrease
      in phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of protein synthesis initiation factor
      eIF-2. [32P] associated with the alpha subunit is reduced approximately 50% by
      insulin treatment of chondrocytes incubated in [32P] containing media. Identical
      or closely located amino acids in the eIF-2 alpha subunit are phosphorylated by
      the chondrocyte kinase(s) and the rabbit reticulocyte hemin regulated kinase as
      indicated by comparative peptide fragment analysis of [32P] labeled alpha
      subunits.

PMID- 6375665
TI  - Release of liposomal markers by Cerebratulus toxin A-III.
AB  - Marker release from liposomes induced by the cytolytic protein Cerebratulus
      lacteus toxin A-III was studied. No phospholipid specificity was apparent, but
      the sensitivity of liposomes to A-III varied with the membrane fluidity. With
      dioleylphosphatidylcholine liposomes, complete release occurred at 10-20
      micrograms toxin per ml, depending on marker size. Kinetic experiments showed
      that release was rapid and exhibited no lag phase. The diameter of the A-III
      produced membrane lesion must exceed 90 A, as tetrameric Concanavalin A is
      quantitatively released from A-III treated liposomes.

PMID- 6375667
TI  - Affinity engineering of maltoporin: variants with enhanced affinity for
      particular ligands.
AB  - Affinity-chromatographic selection on immobilized starch was used to selectively
      enhance the affinity of the maltodextrin-specific pore protein ( maltoporin ,
      LamB protein, or lambda receptor protein) in the outer membrane of E. coli.
      Selection strategies were established for rare bacteria in large populations
      producing maltoporin variants with enhanced affinities for both starch and
      maltose, for starch but not maltose and for maltose but not starch. Three classes
      of lamB mutants with up to eight-fold increase in affinity for particular ligands
      were isolated. These mutants provide a unique range of modifications in the
      specificity of a transport protein.

PMID- 6375666
TI  - Activation mechanism of tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate to the potent mutagen, 2
      bromoacrolein.
AB  - The potent mutagen 2- bromoacrolein is formed from the carcinogenic flame
      retardant tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate (Tris-BP) on incubation with hepatic
      microsomes. Substitution of deuterium for hydrogen at the terminal carbon atoms
      (C-3) of Tris-BP significantly decreased both the mutagenic response and the
      formation rate of 2- bromoacrolein . Mass spectral analysis of the 2-
      bromoacrolein that was formed from the selectively deuterated analogs of Tris-BP
      revealed that the primary mechanism for the formation of 2- bromoacrolein
      involves an initial oxidative dehalogenation at C-3 followed by a beta
      elimination reaction.

PMID- 6375668
TI  - Ethanolamine mimics insulin effects in vitro.
AB  - The comparative effects of insulin and ethanolamine on 14CO2 production and lipid
      synthesis from [U-14C]-D-glucose in isolated rat adipocytes were studied.
      Ethanolamine (10 mM) increased 14CO2 production (glucose oxidation) about 5-fold
      and lipogenesis about 3-fold as compared to the control. Ethanolamine was more
      efficient than 25 microU/ml insulin regarding both parameters, but it was less
      efficient than 200 microU/ml insulin in glucose oxidation, and equally potent in
      lipogenesis. The combination of ethanolamine and insulin was more active than
      insulin alone. The mechanisms of ethanolamine action include facilitation of
      glucose transport and increase of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity.

PMID- 6375669
TI  - HPLC purification of a biologically active membrane protein: the reaction center
      from photosynthetic bacteria.
AB  - Reaction centers from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides R 26 have been isolated from a
      crude extract obtained by lauryldimethylamine oxide extraction of chromatophore
      membranes, by HPLC using a combination of surface-mediated and size exclusion
      chromatography. The eluted RCs exhibit a normal activity (t 1/2 of the back
      reaction is 70 ms) and are recovered in good yield (over 50% based on the
      activity) and purity (based on the A 280 nm/A 800 nm = 1.30 +/- 0.05 ratio and
      the characteristic 3 polypeptides SDS-PAGE pattern). The elution time (5-10 mn)
      is about two orders of magnitude faster than for the classical purification
      techniques.

PMID- 6375670
TI  - The mitogenic principle of Escherichia coli lipoprotein: B-lymphocyte
      mitogenicity of the synthetic analogue palmitoyl-tetrapeptide (Pam-Ser-Ser-Asn
      Ala).
AB  - N-Palmitoyl-(S)-seryl-(S)-seryl-(S)-asparaginyl-(S)-alanine (Palmitoyl
      tetrapeptide) is an analogue of the N-terminal part of the lipoprotein from the
      outer membrane of Escherichia coli. It was prepared by chemical synthesis and
      tested for biological activity in in vitro lymphocyte culture systems. In spleen
      cells of the inbred mouse strains C3H/HeJ, C3H/He/Bom/ nunu , and Balb/c, the
      compound exhibited stimulatory activity towards B-lymphocytes comparable to the
      effect of native lipoprotein, as measured by the incorporation of 3H-thymidine
      and 3H-uridine, and by a hemolytic plaque assay. The B-lymphocyte tumor cell line
      BCL1 was also activated by the compound. The results demonstrate, that the N
      terminal tetrapeptide moiety of lipoprotein, linked to a lipophilic molecule,
      constitutes by itself a novel B-lymphocyte mitogen.

PMID- 6375671
TI  - Reduction of lactoperoxidase-H2O2 compounds by ferrocyanide: indirect evidence of
      an apoprotein site for one of the two oxidizing equivalents.
AB  - The titration by ferrocyanide and the localization of the oxidizing equivalents
      of lactoperoxidase "compound II" were studied as a function of pH. It was
      demonstrated that 1) whatever the pH, the structure of lactoperoxidase "compound
      II" was compatible with a Fe IV R degree state, 2) at acidic pH, ferrocyanide
      preferentially reduced the oxidizing equivalent localized on the heme iron to
      give an Fe III R degree compound, 3) at pH 4.2 only the Fe III R degree form was
      obtained after reduction of lactoperoxidase "compound II" with one mole of
      ferrocyanide and whereas at pH greater than 4.2, a mixture of both Fe III R
      degree and Fe IV R forms was present, 4) lowering the pH from 7.2 to 4.0 induced
      a transition of Fe IV R state to Fe III R degree state, but increasing the pH
      from 4.0 to 7.2 did not permit the formation of Fe IV R compound from Fe III R
      degree compound.

PMID- 6375672
TI  - Control of basal-level codon misreading in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Basal-level misreading of asparagine codons was examined in a number of
      Escherichia coli strains. Lysine substitutions were measured by quantitating the
      amount of charge heterogeneity in MS2 coat protein. In most strains the
      heterogeneity was consistent with misreading of AAU codons at a frequency of 3-6
      X 10(-3). Strains with streptomycin resistance mutations (rpsL) have reduced
      levels of misreading. There is no significant difference in the frequency of
      basal-level errors in stringent (relA+) and relaxed (relA) strains, even during
      starvation for amino acids unrelated to the substitution being studied.

PMID- 6375673
TI  - Ethanol directly increases dihydrotestosterone conversion to 5 alpha-androstan-3
      beta,17 beta-diol and 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha,17 beta-diol in rat Leydig cells.
AB  - The direct effect of ethanol on dihydrotestosterone (DHT) conversion to 5 alpha
      androstan-3 beta,17 beta-diol (3 beta-diol) and 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha,17 beta
      diol (3 alpha-diol) by adult rat Leydig cells was examined. Concentrations of
      ethanol comparable to blood levels of alcoholic men (2.2 - 65 mM) increased DHT
      conversion to 3 beta - and 3 alpha-diol, in direct relation to the dose of
      ethanol added; a 2-fold or greater stimulation was observed. Because this effect
      was blocked by 4-methylpyrazole or a saturating NADH concentration, these results
      suggest that this action is mediated by Leydig cell alcohol dehydrogenase
      activity. These results may have significant impact in the testis and/or other
      DHT sensitive tissues because ethanol may decrease the availability of the
      proposed active androgen.

PMID- 6375674
TI  - Inhibition of photosynthetic oxygen evolution by calmodulin-type inhibitors and
      other calcium-antagonists.
AB  - Several studies have recently implicated a role for Ca2+ in photosynthetic oxygen
      evolution (9-11). Our previous study indicated that Ca2+ was likely acting at the
      level of the Cl- cofactor requirement in photosystem II (9). We now demonstrate,
      through the use of calmodulin-type inhibitors ( calmidazolium and
      trifluoperazine) and metal Ca2+-antagonists (e.g., Tb+3 and La+3), the function
      of Ca2+ on the oxidizing side of photosystem II. In addition, the peroxide (H2O2)
      electron donation site was differentiated from the electron donation site of
      NH2OH, Mn2+ and diphenyl carbazide in the photosystem II complex.

PMID- 6375675
TI  - Identification of a kallikrein-like latent serine protease in human erythrocyte
      membranes.
AB  - We have discovered and characterized a kallikrein-like latent serine protease in
      intact human erythrocytes and ghosts. The enzyme is activatable by trypsin. The
      solubilized enzyme has esterolytic activity with a pH optimum of 9; but the
      membrane-associated activity increases almost linearly up to pH 10. The activated
      enzyme releases kinin from bovine low molecular weight kininogen. Enzyme activity
      is inhibited by TosLysCH2Cl , phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, aprotinin and
      amiloride, and weakly by soybean or lima bean trypsin inhibitor. It is inhibited
      by Co2+, Zn2+ and Mn2+ but is stimulated by Fe2+, deoxycholate and phospholipase
      A2. An erythrocyte membrane protein (Mr = 88,000) with an active site serine
      residue was identified with [14C]-diisopropylphosphorofluoridate labeling.
      Consistent with the finding of tryptic activation of the latent erythrocyte
      serine protease, trypsin treatment reduced the density of labeling of this
      protein and revealed a lower molecular weight form (Mr = 64,000). Possible
      relationships between the activity of this newly identified serine protease and
      events such as erythrocyte membrane ion fluxes might be of interest.

PMID- 6375676
TI  - Insulin and fructose regulate malic enzyme activity by different processes.
AB  - A comparison of the regulatory processes controlling hepatic malic enzyme
      activity following treatment of diabetic rats with insulin or with a high
      fructose diet demonstrated several important differences. Insulin treatment
      caused a 50-fold increase in activity, due to a 12-fold increase in enzyme
      quantity and a 4-fold increase in specific activity(units/nmol). Dietary fructose
      caused a 3-fold increase in enzyme activity, due to a 3-fold increase in enzyme
      quantity, with no change in the specific activity of the enzyme. Thus, while
      fructose initiated a minor increase in malic enzyme activity, insulin was more
      effective, causing a substantially greater increase in enzyme activity and
      activating a hormone specific alteration in the catalytic activity of each enzyme
      molecule.

PMID- 6375677
TI  - Stereochemistry of the inactivation of 4-aminobutyrate: 2-oxoglutarate
      aminotransferase and L-glutamate 1-carboxylase by 4-aminohex-5-ynoic acid
      enantiomers.
AB  - Incubation of rat brain or bacterial 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (EC
      2.6.1.19) with both (S)-(+)- and (R)-(-)-enantiomers of 4- aminohex -5- ynoic
      acid results in a time-dependent irreversible loss of enzymatic activity. Rat
      brain glutamate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.15) is inactivated by the (S)-(+)
      enantiomer while the bacterial glutamate decarboxylase is inactivated by the (R)
      (-)-enantiomer. In addition, we demonstrate that (R)-(-)-4- aminohex -5- ynoic
      acid is a selective and effective inhibitor of rat brain 4-aminobutyrate
      aminotransferase in vivo.

PMID- 6375678
TI  - Excretion of catecholamines and their metabolites in transplantable rat
      phaeochromocytoma.
AB  - The urinary excretion pattern of catecholamines and their metabolites was studied
      in rats bearing a subcutaneous transplantable phaeochromocytoma. Compared with
      normal rats, tumour-bearing animals showed a markedly raised excretion of
      dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline, together with certain of their major
      acidic and alcoholic metabolites. No evidence of increased octopamine production
      could be obtained. There was a significant correlation between the output of
      dopamine and its metabolites, allowing accurate assessment of dopamine turnover
      rates which were comparable with those observed in human phaeochromocytoma.
      Tumour development, as determined by tumour weight, also correlated significantly
      with urinary excretion of noradrenaline and dopamine. Rat phaeochromocytoma
      appears to be a useful model for the human tumour.

PMID- 6375679
TI  - Effects of chloroquine on lipid metabolism of mouse pancreatic islets.
AB  - Pancreatic islets accumulate the amphiphilic drug, chloroquine, which leads to a
      marked impairment of the insulin production of the B-cells in vitro. In this
      study the effects of the drug on islet lipid metabolism in vitro were
      investigated. It was found that exposure of islets to chloroquine (10(-5) M) for
      one week induced an increase of D-[U-14C]glucose incorporation into phospholipids
      and triacylglycerols of about two-fold and into diacylglycerols of about six
      fold. Furthermore, two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography showed an increased
      rate of D-[U-14C]glucose incorporation into all major phospholipid classes. A 17%
      increase of the total islet phospholipid content indicated that an accumulation
      of islet cell phospholipids occurred. Pulse-chase experiments with D-[U
      14C]glucose showed that the rate of degradation of islet phospholipids was
      decreased after prolonged exposure to chloroquine. No short-term effects of
      chloroquine upon either the de novo biosynthesis of islet lipids or upon
      phospholipid degradation could be demonstrated. The present data therefore
      suggest that chloroquine impairs the rate of islet lipid degradation in long-term
      experiments, which may be a primary lesion in the sequence of events leading to
      functional impairment of the B-cell.

PMID- 6375680
TI  - Increased glutathione in cultured hepatocytes associated with induction of
      cytochrome P-450. Lack of effect of glutathione depletion on induction of
      cytochrome P-450 and delta-aminolevulinate synthase.
AB  - Cellular glutathione concentrations in primary cultures of chick embryo
      hepatocytes were 15.3 +/- 5.3 nmoles/mg protein (mean +/- S.D.) and remained
      stable for up to 3 days in culture. The presence of insulin was not essential for
      the maintenance of glutathione concentrations. Induction of cytochrome P-450 by
      phenobarbital-like inducers (2-propyl-2-isopropylacetamide, 2-allyl-2
      isopropylacetamide, and 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexabromobiphenyl) was accompanied by 2-
      to 3-fold increases in glutathione concentrations and by increased
      glucuronidation of phenol red. The 3-methylcholanthrene-like inducers of
      cytochrome P-450 (beta-naphthoflavone and 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl) did not
      have these effects. Glutathione was rapidly depleted to 15-30% of control levels
      in hepatocytes treated with buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of gamma
      glutamylcysteine synthase. No toxicity was observed with glutathione depletion.
      Glutathione depletion did not affect the ability of 2-propyl-2-isopropylacetamide
      to induce cytochrome P-450, glucuronidation of phenol red, or delta
      aminolevulinate synthase.

PMID- 6375681
TI  - Synthesis of adenosine nucleotides from hypoxanthine by human malaria parasites
      (Plasmodium falciparum) in continuous erythrocyte culture: inhibition by
      hadacidin but not alanosine.

PMID- 6375683
TI  - Knowledge and service: does the foundation of our science need shoring?

PMID- 6375682
TI  - Lymphocytes in the skin of patients with progressive systemic sclerosis.
      Quantification, subtyping, and clinical correlations.
AB  - Mononuclear cells (MNC) present in the dermis of the forearm and in the blood of
      patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) were quantified and analyzed
      for subsets using monoclonal antibodies. The findings were correlated with
      cutaneous and systemic features of the disease. Total T lymphocytes and their
      subsets, B cells, and macrophages were enumerated in the skin samples of 21
      patients with PSS. The dermal MNC infiltrates consisted mostly of activated T
      lymphocytes with a mean T helper/T suppressor (T4/T8) ratio of 2.4 +/- 1.3 SD.
      Few B1-positive or T6-positive cells (macrophages) were observed. There was no
      correlation between the skin or blood T4/T8 ratios and the degree of skin
      thickening. On histologic examination, 58 of 115 (50%) untreated patients with
      PSS had prominent dermal MNC infiltration. Significant correlations between the
      degree of MNC infiltration and both the degree (P less than 0.05) and progression
      (P less than 0.05) of skin thickening were observed. No correlations with other
      systemic disease features of PSS were noted. These results suggest that cutaneous
      T lymphocytes may play a role in mediating dermal sclerosis in PSS.

PMID- 6375685
TI  - Speech-language pathologists' clinical fellowship training.

PMID- 6375684
TI  - The study of childhood language disorders in the nineteenth century.

PMID- 6375686
TI  - Findings from the 1983 ASHA Omnibus Survey.

PMID- 6375687
TI  - The alaryngeal speaker: an annotated bibliography 1970-1982.

PMID- 6375689
TI  - A new morphological concept and classification of granulomatous inflammation: the
      polar granulomas.
AB  - An historical analysis of granulomas and a new morphological concept and
      classification of granulomatous inflammation, the polar-granulomas, are
      presented. The historical analysis of the concept of granulomas reveals that the
      still proclaimed confusion concerning the process was due more to Virchow's
      comparison of granulomas to ordinary granulation tissue than to tumors and to
      objections of pathologists to Metchnikoff's theory of phagocytosis. And it is
      strange to verify that differences between granulomas and granulation tissue,
      although already established in the end of the 19th Century, were overlooked by
      the majority of pathologists. In this Century , the knowledge of granulomatous
      inflammation was greatly improved by Aschoff 's concept of reticulum endothelial
      system, Mitsuda test for types of leprosy, Jadassohn- Lewandowsky law, South
      American classification of leprosy into polar forms, and Forbus contribution to
      histogenesis and morphological classification of granulomas. The best model for
      the study of granulomatous inflammation is leprosy, because this disease is
      characterized by two different clinical polar forms, each one having particular
      types of phagocytosis (complete or incomplete) and of granulomas (tuberculoid or
      non tuberculoid). Based on the phenomenon of phagocytosis, polar forms of
      leprosy, Jadassohn- Lewandowsky law, metamorphosis of macrophages and nature of
      the etiologic agent, granulomas can be defined as a reactional hyperplasia of
      macrophages towards inanimate agents and towards animate agents of low virulence.
      Also based in the same data, a morphological classification of granulomas into
      polar types, tuberculoid and non tuberculoid, is proposed. The polar tuberculoid
      type follows the Jadassohn- Lewandowsky law, its etiologic agent is absent or
      scarce (complete phagocytosis) - and comprise two sub-types: tubercle-like and
      sarcoid-like. The polar non tuberculoid type does not follow the Jadassohn-
      Lewandowsky law, its etiologic agent is always present or copious (incomplete
      phagocytosis) and comprises two sub-types: giant cell and persistent macrophage.
      In the latter case, macrophages behave as a culture medium cell or as a storage
      cell. When both polar tuberculoid and non tuberculoid structures are found
      together in the same disease, granuloma can be called interpolar . If both types
      occur simultaneously in the same disease, granuloma would be bipolar. It seems
      that the proposed definition of granulomas combines morphology with functional
      activity of macrophages, easily observed in routine histopathological examination
      by optical microscopy. This morphological classification into polar granulomas
      (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6375688
TI  - [Does the direct immunofluorescence examination of superficial temporal artery
      biopsies have any value? Results of the study of 101 biopsies].
AB  - The lesions in temporal arteritis (TA) are known to be often segmental and the
      pathologic study of involved temporal arteries may be falsely negative. Several
      reports suggest that direct immunofluorescence (IF) may be of value in the
      diagnosis of the disease. We have studied by IF 101 consecutive biopsies from 100
      patients investigated during the last two years. Adjacent segments were processed
      for light and immunofluorescent microscopy. For the latter, tissues were
      immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -- 70 degrees C. Cryostat
      sections were stained with anti-gamma, alpha, mu, C3, fibrinogen and albumin
      conjugates. A sister section was also stained with HE for light microscopy.
      Deposits of Ig and/or C were either granular (intra- or extra-cellular) or linear
      closely applied to internal elastic lamina. The 100 patients fall into 4 groups:
      Group I, (19 patients) with diagnosis ascertained upon typical clinical record
      and clear cut anatomic lesions by light microscopy; Group II (10 patients) with
      the clinical features of TA and a negative biopsy by light microscopy; Group III
      (29 patients) in whom the diagnostic criteria of polymyalgia rheumatica were
      fulfilled according to Forestier and Certonciny; Group IV (42 patients) affected
      with various diseases unrelated to T.A. (1 with polyarteritis nodosa, 5 with
      rheumatoid arthritis...). The following results were obtained by IF: in group I,
      deposits were found in 63% of the patients studied (linear in 11 and granular in
      4 cases). They included Ig usually with C3 and fibrinogen. In group II, we
      observed linear deposits of IgG in one patient and granular C3 deposits in
      another case.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6375691
TI  - [Regulation of myocardial contraction: role of Na-Ca-exchange].

PMID- 6375692
TI  - [The presence of CEA in spinocellular carcinoma of the oral cavity].
AB  - Using an immunoperoxidase method the Authors have demonstrated carcinoembryonic
      antigen (CEA) in 4/7 patients with benign oral lesion and in 9/10 patients with
      oral cancer. All 4 oral leukoplakias were positive for CEA. The histologic
      presence of CEA in oral cancer was related mainly to the formation of well
      differentiated tissue. The anaplastic carcinoma was negative. These findings
      indicate that CEA is a product of differentiated cells and should not be
      considered exclusively an oncofetal antigen or a marker of undifferentiated
      cells.

PMID- 6375690
TI  - [Anthelmintic activity of niclofolan and closantel against Fasciola hepatica in
      sheep].

PMID- 6375693
TI  - The anatomy of the Middle Ages.

PMID- 6375694
TI  - Biomechanical activity of the growth plate. Clinical incidences.
AB  - The authors analyze at several levels the biomechanical activity of the
      epiphyseal plate. From a histologic point of view, they show the role played by
      the different cell layers in growth. The rapid growth of long bones is well known
      in animals, not entirely in human beings. The factors involved in mechanical
      regulation of the epiphyseal plate are analyzed according to distraction and
      compression stresses. Other factors have also been reported (periosteum and
      muscle). Analysis of the literature reveals that biomechanical activity and the
      factors managing growth are not well known yet. A combined effort should be made
      to obtain better understanding of the surgical procedures carried out in
      pediatric orthopedics.

PMID- 6375695
TI  - [Defects in DNA repair and replication in neurocutaneous hereditary diseases].

PMID- 6375696
TI  - The copy denture technique. Variables relevant to general dental practice.

PMID- 6375697
TI  - The temporomandibular joint: the dentist's dilemma. Part 2.

PMID- 6375698
TI  - Iatrogenic oral ulceration following restorative treatment with an acid-etch
      material.

PMID- 6375699
TI  - One man in his time.

PMID- 6375700
TI  - The retentive impact strengths of various designs of resin-bonded bridges to
      etched bovine enamel.

PMID- 6375701
TI  - Apoproteins: determinants of lipoprotein metabolism and indices of coronary risk.

PMID- 6375702
TI  - Effect of intravenous insulin infusion on mortality among diabetic patients after
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - A review of the records of 353 diabetic patients after a myocardial infarction
      confirmed the high mortality associated with the condition. The influence of
      improved diabetic control achieved by intravenous insulin was assessed in 64
      patients and compared with earlier experience in a diabetic control group. The
      frequency of the major complications of myocardial infarction was unchanged and
      the death rate in both groups was identical (33%); even the patients with blood
      glucose concentrations greater than 20 mmol/l on admission failed to benefit.
      Thus careful control of blood glucose concentrations after myocardial infarction
      in diabetic patients fails to improve the outcome of this high risk group.

PMID- 6375703
TI  - Comparative trial of iohexol 350, a non-ionic contrast medium, with diatrizoate
      (Urografin 370) in left ventriculography and coronary arteriography.
AB  - In a prospective double blind randomised study in 25 consecutive patients a
      conventional ionic contrast medium (Urografin 370) was compared with the new non
      ionic medium iohexol 350 ( Omnipaque ) in left ventriculography and coronary
      arteriography. In left ventriculography there was a clear patient preference for
      iohexol by both a visual analogue scale and independent observer assessment.
      Iohexol also induced a smaller increase in heart rate or decrease in systolic
      blood pressure than Urografin. In coronary arteriography iohexol resulted in a
      smaller reduction in heart rate and systolic blood pressure, a smaller maximum
      increase in RR interval, less prolongation of the PQ and QT intervals and QRS
      duration, and a lower incidence of induced chest pain, ST segment depression, or
      T wave deflection.

PMID- 6375704
TI  - Aetiology of hypertension.
AB  - We are still uncertain of the way in which environment and heredity interact to
      produce increased arterial pressure in patients with essential hypertension. Few
      indisputable abnormalities can be demonstrated. Of these there is universal
      agreement that structural vessel hypertrophy is present and this acts probably as
      a maintenance and perhaps amplifying system resulting from an initial increase in
      arterial pressure. It cannot of course explain an increase in arterial pressure
      ab initio. Most of the well defined systems of arterial pressure control do not
      show any marked abnormality, although there is some evidence for a modest degree
      of sympathetic nervous system overactivity. Although some of the changes in
      cation fluxes across erythrocyte and leucocyte membranes are still debatable,
      there is general agreement that cation handling by erythrocytes and leucocytes is
      abnormal in many patients with essential hypertension and that some of these
      abnormalities are shared by the normotensive relatives of hypertensive patients.
      The most promising approach is that there is an abnormality of the cell membrane
      vascular smooth muscle which is partly genetically determined and perhaps also
      involves the autonomic nervous system. This produces an increased pressor
      response to environmental stimuli which becomes perpetuated and perhaps amplified
      by structural hypertrophy of the resistance vessels.

PMID- 6375705
TI  - Sympathoadrenal responses to anaesthesia and surgery.

PMID- 6375706
TI  - Anaesthesia and disorders of the adrenal cortex.

PMID- 6375707
TI  - Inotropic and vasopressor agents.

PMID- 6375708
TI  - Anaesthetic management of patients with phaeochromocytoma.

PMID- 6375709
TI  - Objective evaluation of dextromethorphan and glaucine as antitussive agents.
AB  - Twenty-four inpatients affected by chronic cough completed a single-dose double
      blind cross-over study of placebo, glaucine 30 mg and dextromethorphan 30 mg. The
      study was carried out using a balanced incomplete block design, each patient
      receiving two of the three experimental treatments. Objective evaluation of cough
      was ensured by means of a writing cough recorder. Coughs after dextromethorphan
      and glaucine were fewer than coughs after placebo: however only glaucine was
      significantly different from placebo in reducing coughs. Treatments were well
      tolerated: clinical results included a reduction in pulse rate after both
      dextromethorphan and glaucine , and a large number of patients reporting side
      effects after dextromethorphan administration.

PMID- 6375710
TI  - Patients compliance in hypertension--the importance of number of tablets.
AB  - The importance of number of tablets for patient compliance was investigated in
      160 patients with mild-moderate essential hypertension treated with a beta
      adrenoceptor blocker and a thiazide diuretic. Mean BP at entry 146 +/- 16/92 +/-
      8 mm Hg. All patients were given pindolol 10 mg and clopamide 5 mg in one
      combination tablet or in separate tablets for 4 months respectively.
      Approximately 90% of the patients took greater than 90% of the prescribed dose
      throughout the study. Mean BP decreased progressively and heart rate increased
      slightly. Side effects were more frequently reported during the first month of
      the study than previously, and 30 patients discontinued the treatment. No
      differences in this respect were seen between 1 and 2 tablets daily.
      Approximately 75% of the patients preferred 1 tablet daily, but combining two
      drugs in one tablet had no effect upon compliance.

PMID- 6375712
TI  - Early cellular reactions induced by dinitrochlorobenzene in sensitized human
      skin.
AB  - Serial biopsies during the first 24 hours after dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)
      challenge in fifteen sensitized patients have shown that DNCB associates with
      Langerhans cells within I hour of application, and has reached the dermis around
      the appendages by 6 hours.

PMID- 6375713
TI  - The culture of dermal papilla cells from human hair follicles.
AB  - Dermal papillae were isolated from human hair follicles and primary cell cultures
      were established from the papilla explants. The cultured papilla cells spread
      slowly, initially as a monolayer, and eventually formed multi-layered parallel
      arrays of fibroblast-like cells. At the edges of expanding colonies the cells
      were large and flattened and showed a tendency to form clumps. The behaviour of
      human dermal papilla cells in culture is very similar to that reported in
      cultures of papilla cells from rat vibrissa follicles.

PMID- 6375711
TI  - A randomised study of adjuvant chemotherapy after mantle radiotherapy in
      supradiaphragmatic Hodgkin's disease PS IA-IIB: a report from the Manchester
      lymphoma group.
AB  - One hundred and fourteen untreated patients with pathological stage (PS) IA-IIB
      supradiaphragmatic Hodgkin's Disease were randomised to mantle radiotherapy alone
      (55) or mantle radiotherapy followed by 6 courses of adjuvant chemotherapy with
      mustine, vinblastine, prednisolone and procarbazine- MVPP (59). Patients excluded
      were those outside the age range 16-65 years and those with massive mediastinal
      disease precluding laparotomy. Bulk disease was defined as a mass of lymph nodes
      measuring five centimetres or more in any axis. Mediastinal bulk was present if
      the ratio of the maximum width of mediastinal disease to the maximal chest
      diameter was more than one third. All patients achieved a complete remission.
      Median duration of follow-up was 62 months (range 16-97). The relapse free
      survival (RFS) was 81%; 69% for radiotherapy alone and 93% for adjuvant
      chemotherapy (P = 0.002). RFS was also shown to be adversely affected by B
      symptoms (P = 0.0003), bulk disease (P = 0.018), abnormal CXR (P = 0.037), and
      increasing stage (P = 0.039). Age, sex, histology, and number of sites involved
      had no significant effect upon RFS. A Cox multivariate analysis showed that only
      three variables had a significant adverse effect on RFS - radiotherapy alone, the
      presence of bulk disease, and B symptoms. The overall 5 year survival was 93%
      with no statistically significant difference between the two treatment groups (P
      = 0.54). Survival was adversely affected by three variables - B symptoms (P =
      0.02), the presence of bulk disease (P = 0.002), and pathological stage (P =
      0.05). High risk groups for relapse are those with bulk and B symptoms. This
      analysis has shown that RFS was significantly improved by adjuvant chemotherapy,
      but that overall survival was not.

PMID- 6375714
TI  - Platelet crossmatch tests using radiolabelled staphylococcal protein A or
      peroxidase anti-peroxidase in alloimmunized patients.
AB  - Refractoriness to random-donor platelets as a result of alloimmunization remains
      a major problem in long-term platelet transfusion therapy despite the use of HLA
      matched platelets. We have therefore studied the use of two methods for detection
      of platelet associated IgG as platelet crossmatch tests for the selection of
      platelet donors. These methods use radiolabelled staphylococcal protein A (125I
      SPA) and peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP), respectively. One hundred and ten
      crossmatch tests using 125I-SPA were performed retrospectively in 18
      alloimmunized patients. The results indicated that the predictive value of a
      positive or a negative test was 87%; the sensitivity was 73% and the specificity
      was 95%. Results with the PAP test were similar. The HLA types were known for 48
      donor-recipient pairs. With few exceptions, there was a correlation between the
      results of the platelet crossmatch tests and the effectiveness of platelet
      transfusion regardless of the degree of HLA match. These results indicate that
      platelet crossmatch tests may be valuable even when closely HLA matched donors
      are not available. A large-scale prospective study is warranted, particularly in
      highly immunized patients.

PMID- 6375716
TI  - Hermann Johannes Pfannenstiel (1862-1909).

PMID- 6375715
TI  - Neural-tube defects and vitamins: the need for a randomized clinical trial.
AB  - It has been suggested that taking extra vitamins around the time of conception
      may reduce the risk of fetal neural-tube defects. We have examined the evidence
      for this and conclude that there is considerable doubt about the efficacy of such
      a regimen. Also, it cannot be assumed that the taking of extra vitamins has no
      adverse medical effects. We give reasons for our view that a large randomized
      clinical trial is ethical and the only satisfactory way of resolving the matter.
      The Medical Research Council is currently conducting such a study in centres in
      Britain and abroad, involving women who have already had a pregnancy with a fetal
      neural-tube defect. The design of the Medical Research Council study is described
      briefly.

PMID- 6375717
TI  - Lysosomal function in the degradation of defective collagen in cultured lung
      fibroblasts.
AB  - Human fibroblasts when induced to make nonhelical , defective collagen have
      mechanisms for degrading up to 30% of their newly synthesized collagen
      intracellularly prior to secretion. To determine if at least a portion of the
      degradation of defective collagen occurs by lysosomes, extracts of cultured HFL-1
      fibroblasts were examined for proteinases capable of degrading denatured type I
      [3H]procollagen. The majority of the proteolytic activity against denatured [3H]
      procollagen had a pH optimum of 3.5-4; it was stimulated by dithiothreitol and
      inhibited 95% by leupeptin, 10% by pepstatin, and 98% by leupeptin and pepstatin
      together. Extracts of purified lysosomes from the fibroblasts were active in
      degrading denatured [3H]procollagen and were completely inhibited by leupeptin
      and pepstatin. To demonstrate directly that human lung fibroblasts can
      translocate a portion of their defective collagen to lysosomes, cultured cells
      were incubated with cis-4-hydroxyproline and labeled with [14C]proline to cause
      the cells to make nonhelical [14C]procollagen. About 3% of the total
      intracellular hydroxy[14C]proline was found in lysosomes. If, however, the cells
      were also treated with NH4Cl, an inhibitor of lysosomal function, 18% of the
      intracellular hydroxy[14C]proline was found in lysosomes. These results
      demonstrate that cultured human lung fibroblasts induced to make defective
      collagen are capable of shunting a portion of such collagen to their lysosomes
      for intracellular degradation.

PMID- 6375718
TI  - Physical and enzymatic properties of a class III isozyme of human liver alcohol
      dehydrogenase: chi-ADH.
AB  - chi-Alcohol dehydrogenase (chi-ADH), a class III isozyme characterized by its
      anodic electrophoretic mobility and lack of inhibition by 4-methylpyrazole, has
      been isolated from human liver and purified to homogeneity in a reducing medium.
      chi-ADH resembles other human liver ADH isozymes of classes I and II with respect
      to its molecular weight, dimeric structure, stoichiometry of zinc and NADH
      binding, and pH optima for the oxidation of alcohols. This homodimer exhibits
      subtle differences in its absorption spectrum and amino acid composition relative
      to those of other human isozymes but differs markedly from their specificity
      toward alcohols and aldehydes. chi-ADH oxidizes ethanol very poorly. The reaction
      is bimolecular, and an apparent Km cannot be discerned up to 2.3 M ethanol. The
      enzyme is inactive toward methanol, ethylene glycol, digitoxigenin, digoxigenin,
      and gitoxigenin , but alcohols with carbon chain lengths greater than four are
      oxidized rapidly with Km values decreasing with increasing carbon chain length.
      Taken jointly, the composition, structure, and enzymatic properties of the ADH
      isozymes purified and studied so far strongly imply that their metabolic roles,
      yet to be discovered, will give a new perspective to ethanol metabolism and
      pathology.

PMID- 6375719
TI  - lac Repressor cysteine-140 reacts selectively with a fluorescent probe bound to
      the core-headpiece interface.
AB  - The fluorescent probe N-[(iodoacetyl)amino]-ethyl]-5-naphthylamine-1-sulfonate (I
      AEDANS) reacts selectively with Cys-140 of the lac repressor. The reasons for
      this selectivity were investigated. The ability of 8-anilino-1
      naphthalenesulfonate and 5,5'-bis(8-anilino-1-naphthalene-sulfonate) to bind
      noncovalently to the interface between the core and headpiece regions of the
      repressor suggested that I-AEDANS might also bind to this interface and then
      react intramolecularly with Cys-140 nearby. Two observations strongly support
      this model. (1) The selectivity for Cys-140 was lost when the headpiece regions
      were removed from the repressor. The rate of reaction with Cys-140 relative to
      Cys-107 in the repressor was 13.5 +/- 1.4, from trypsin digestions of labeled
      repressor. This ratio decreased to 2.1 +/- 1.0 for the core protein. (2)
      Iodoacetamide, which lacks the naphthylaminesulfonate portion of I-AEDANS, showed
      little selectivity for Cys-140 in either the repressor or the core. Nonreactive
      analogues of I-AEDANS did not alter the reaction of I-AEDANS with the repressor,
      presumably because they bound too weakly. Decreasing the ionic strength from 0.61
      M to 56 mM decreased the selectivity of I-AEDANS for Cys-140 in the repressor,
      suggesting that I-AEDANS is not bound to the repressor by ionic interactions.
      Decreasing the pH from 8.5 to 7.5 increased the selectivity for Cys-140 only
      slightly. Fluorescent probes attached to Cys-140 appear to be ideally located to
      report motions of the headpieces , relative to the core, that attend DNA binding.

PMID- 6375720
TI  - Some effects of monovalent anion replacement on the volume and composition of
      cells in incubated slices of rat renal cortex.
AB  - Steady-state cellular water content and cation content and concentration have
      been studied in slices of rat renal cortex incubated in media in which Cl- was
      replaced by various monovalent anions at pH 7.35. Anions derived from low
      molecular weight aliphatic acids caused net uptake of cell water and K+. In the
      presence of larger anions cell water content fell in a manner related to anionic
      equivalent weight, but water content in media containing anions from weak
      aliphatic or alicyclic acids was slightly but consistently higher than that in
      media containing anions from strong acids. Cell K+ content did not decrease in
      these media. Aromatic anions caused enhanced cell water loss. When external pH
      adjusted to 6.8 or 7.8 it was found that in media containing anions from weak
      acids, but not from strong acids, increasing pH was associated with significantly
      decreased cell water content.

PMID- 6375721
TI  - Interactions between digitonin and bilayer membranes.
AB  - The morphology of interactions between digitonin and cholesterol has been
      investigated. When precipitated from ethanolic solutions, digitonin-cholesterol
      complexes form in flat lamellar sheets. In contrast, when the complex is formed
      in a bilayer membrane, the membrane is deformed into corrugations of hemitubules.
      The polarity of the deformations formed in bilayer membranes is highly correlated
      with the direction of entry of digitonin into the membrane. We suggest that the
      morphology of digitonin/cholesterol hemitubules is dependent upon the complex
      being formed within a bilayer and, in addition, is not correlated with asymmetry
      of cholesterol concentration across the membrane.

PMID- 6375722
TI  - Cell interaction with model membranes. Probing, modification and simulation of
      cell surface functions.

PMID- 6375723
TI  - The renal thiol (glutathione) oxidase. Subcellular localization and properties.

PMID- 6375724
TI  - Extracellular conditions affecting the induction of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase
      II.
AB  - The alcohol dehydrogenases in yeast form one of the best-understood eukaryotic
      regulatory systems at the genetic level, but very little is known about their
      regulation at the biochemical level. We report on a simple whole-cell assay
      system for the induction of the inducible isozyme, alcohol dehydrogenase II,
      which has been used to show that no single compound added to the medium is
      responsible for the induction. The compounds which show the greatest inducing
      activity--malate, glutamate and fumarate--are all directly or indirectly involved
      in mitochondrial transport systems. No single compound can be purified from
      extracts of yeast cells to give inducing activity at low concentrations,
      suggesting that the inducing activity is an endogenous function of the cell.
      Tentative models for regulation of this isozyme involving the mitochondrion are
      proposed, and suggestions are made for testing these models further.

PMID- 6375725
TI  - Diisopropylfluorophosphate-interacting proteinases of nuclei of rat testis cells.
AB  - Nuclei and chromatin of seminiferous epithelial cells of rat testis contain acid
      extractable and non-extractable proteins which interact readily with [3H]DFP
      (diisopropylfluorophosphate). Proteinase activity is closely associated with
      these DFP-interacting proteins, and the proteinase activities are inhibited by
      DFP and PMSF. DFP-interacting proteins of testis chromatin increase greatly in
      amount at 26-32 days after birth when spermatids are appearing in increasing
      numbers. In nuclei separated by zonal centrifugation on sucrose gradients, the
      DFP-labeled proteins are highest in activity in the elongated spermatids at the
      stage in spermiogenesis at which histones are being replaced by testis-specific
      proteins and protamines. Electrophoresis in SDS-polyacrylamide gels reveals the
      presence of three species of DFP-interacting proteins in nuclei of seminiferous
      epithelial cells of the testis. The chromatin of epididymal spermatozoa of the
      rat contains three or four species of DFP-interacting proteins by SDS
      polyacrylamide electrophoresis and some of these labeled proteins co-migrate with
      two of the three basic proteins which are observed during electrophoresis on
      polyacrylamide gels in Triton-urea.

PMID- 6375726
TI  - Spermidine inhibits degradation of yeast chromatin.
AB  - A procedure has been developed for the isolation of intact yeast chromatin from
      yeast nuclei. Autodigestion of chromatin observed during nuclear preparation was
      inhibited by the addition of 5 mM spermidine. The procedure is useful for the
      analysis of proteins associated with yeast chromatin.

PMID- 6375727
TI  - Structural difference between two ATP-binding sites of heavy meromyosin revealed
      by the dynamic fluorescence quenching technique.
AB  - Acrylamide fluorescence quenching of 1,N6- ethenoadenylyl imidodiphosphate (e
      AMPPNP) bound reversibly to the ATP binding sites of heavy meromyosin was
      investigated. In the presence of a 6-fold excess of heavy meromyosin over e
      AMPPNP, a modified Stern-Volmer plot was not a linear function of the inverse of
      the concentration of acrylamide used as a quencher. By analyzing the plot, two
      Stern-Volmer constants (0.89 M-1 and 13 M-1) were obtained for bound e-AMPPNP.
      About 94% of bound e-AMPPNP had the Stern-Volmer constant of 0.89 M-1 and 6% of
      bound e-AMPPNP had the Stern-Volmer constant of 13 M-1. Moreover, in the presence
      of a 10-fold excess of e-AMPPNP over heavy meromyosin, a curved Stern-Volmer plot
      was obtained. It was found from this plot that 50% of bound e-AMPPNP had the
      Stern-Volmer constant of 13 M-1 and the remainder had the Stern-Volmer constant
      of 0.89 M-1. From these and the above data, it was concluded that one of the two
      ATP-binding sites of heavy meromyosin binds e-AMPPNP much more tightly than the
      other site does, and that the fluorescent group of e-AMPPNP bound to the former
      site is strongly isolated from the solvent as compared with that of e-AMPPNP
      bound to the latter site.

PMID- 6375728
TI  - Partial purification and characterization of a rat kidney neutral endopeptidase
      that hydrolyzes succinyl trialanine-4-nitroanilide.
AB  - The activity for the hydrolysis of succinyl trialanine-4-nitroanilide was higher
      in kidney homogenates of female rats and mice than in those of male rats and
      mice. An enzyme hydrolyzing the above substrate was extracted from female rat
      kidney homogenate and partially purified by means of gel filtration on Sepharose
      4B, anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B and affinity
      chromatography on carbobenzoxy-L-Ala-L-Ala-D-Ala-polylysine-agarose. The purified
      enzyme cleaved the bond between succinyl dialanine and alanine-4-nitroanilide of
      the substrate and showed a Km value of 3.3 mM at the optimal pH of 7.5. The
      activity was increased by Ca2+ and Mg2+, but inhibited by EDTA. With oxidized
      insulin B chain as a substrate, the enzyme cleaved the carbonyl bonds of Ala-14,
      Tyr-16 and Gly-23 efficiently, and those of His-5 and His-10 less efficiently.

PMID- 6375729
TI  - Purification, molecular and kinetic properties of glucosamine-6-phosphate
      isomerase (deaminase) from Escherichia coli.
AB  - Glucosamine-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminase), (2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose-6
      phosphate ketol isomerase (deaminating), EC 5.3.1.10) has been purified to
      homogeneity from Escherichia coli B as judged by several criteria of purity. The
      procedure included ammonium sulfate fractionation, anion-exchange chromatography
      and a biospecific affinity chromatography step with N-epsilon-amino-n- caproyl -D
      glucosamine 6-phosphate bound to agarose as the ligand, the elution being
      performed with GlcNAc6 P. The enzyme appears to be an hexamer of about 178 kDa,
      composed of six subunits of 29 700 +/- 300 Da; the isoelectric point was 6.0-6.1
      and the sedimentation constant 9.0 S. The amino-acid composition of the enzyme
      was determined and a value for E1%275 of 4.55 was calculated. The molecular
      activity was 1800 s-1 for the deamination reaction and 455 s-1 for the reaction
      of GlcN6 P formation. A positive homotropic cooperativity was found for both
      sugar substrates; it was stronger for GlcN6 P in the deamination reaction (Hill
      number 2.7 at pH 7.7). Ammonia behaved as a Michaelian substrate. Cooperativity
      was abolished by 0.1 mM GlcNAc6 P; this allosteric modulator activated the
      reaction in both directions, with a positive K-effect upon both sugar phosphates,
      but had no effect on Km for ammonia. The initial velocity patterns for the
      amination reaction were obtained under conditions of hyperbolic kinetics produced
      by GlcNAc6 P; the Km values for the allosteric substrates were determined under
      the same conditions, and their dependence upon pH was studied.

PMID- 6375730
TI  - Detection, isolation and some properties of membrane proteinases from yeast
      mitochondria.
AB  - Three cytochrome c hydrolase species were found in the 0.05% SDS extract from
      submitochondrial particles. Their polypeptides all have a molecular weight of 17
      000 but differ in pI values (4.0, 4.2 and 4.4), as shown by SDS-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing. The activity of
      pooled cytochrome c hydrolases is sensitive to PMSF, pCMPS , and leupeptin but
      insensitive to EDTA or o-phenanthroline. Besides the cytochrome c-hydrolyzing
      enzymes, the SDS extract contains three protein components with BAPA ( BANA )
      hydrolyzing activity, which also show similar molecular weights (17 5000) but
      different pI values (4.2, 4.3 and 4.7). It is supposed that at least some of the
      enzymes mentioned are involved in the intramembrane proteolysis of polypeptides
      synthesized on mitoribosomes .

PMID- 6375731
TI  - Effects of hormones, amino acids and specific inhibitors on rat heart heparin
      releasable lipoprotein lipase and tissue neutral lipase activities during long
      term perfusion.
AB  - Rat hearts were perfused for long periods in the presence of 14C-labeled amino
      acids. From these hearts, postheparin-effluent and a tissue homogenate containing
      lipoprotein lipase and neutral lipase, respectively, were derived. Lipolytic
      activity and 14C-labeled protein in both preparations were characterized by
      affinity chromatography, immunoprecipitation and SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Lipase activity and 14C-labeled protein co-eluted from heparin
      Sepharose 4B at 1.2 M NaCl and were inhibited and precipitated by preincubation
      with anti-lipoprotein lipase gamma-globulins. Gel electrophoresis of both
      preparations showed the presence of 14C-labeled protein with a molecular weight
      of 35 000. These data strongly suggest similarity between lipoprotein lipase and
      neutral lipase and their possible precursor-product relationship and indicate
      that during perfusion continuous synthesis, secretion and vascular binding of
      lipase molecules occur. Cycloheximide perfusion induced a dramatic decrease of
      lipoprotein lipase and neutral lipase activity, indicating a half-life of less
      than 90 min for both enzymes. Tunicamycin present during perfusion also induced a
      drop in lipoprotein lipase and tissue neutral lipase activity, indicating that
      glycosylation is necessary for secretion of lipoprotein lipase. Long-term
      perfusion of rat hearts in the presence of norepinephrine, glucagon or tyrosine
      leads to reciprocal alterations in lipoprotein lipase and neutral lipase
      activities, i.e., lipoprotein lipase activity increased and neutral lipase
      activity decreased, whereas total lipase activity (lipoprotein lipase + neutral
      lipase) remained unaltered. During perfusion in the presence of insulin, no net
      change in lipase activities was observed. Also, insulin did not affect the
      glucagon-induced inverse effects on either lipase activity. The reciprocal
      changes in lipase activities occurring during norepinephrine perfusion were
      hampered by colchicine and propranolol, pointing towards beta-receptor and
      microtubular mediation of tissue lipase processing and endothelial binding. Our
      data suggest that the tissue flux and vascular binding of lipase protein may be
      important sites of hormonal regulation of lipoprotein lipase homeostasis.

PMID- 6375732
TI  - Synthesis and secretion of serum phosphorylcholine-binding protein by rat
      hepatocytes.
AB  - The incorporation of [1-14C]glucosamine into rat serum phosphorylcholine-binding
      protein in an isolated rat hepatocyte system was used to demonstrate the
      synthesis and secretion of this protein by the liver. The hepatocytes after
      incubating with colchicine resulted in an increased intracellular accumulation of
      phosphorylcholine-binding protein and less of the synthesized phosphorylcholine
      binding protein was secreted into the medium. The synthesis of phosphorylcholine
      binding protein was found to be significantly impaired when the hepatocytes were
      incubated with tunicamycin. The radiolabelled phosphorylcholine-binding protein
      co-eluted with exogenous phosphorylcholine-binding protein as a homogeneous peak
      by affinity chromatography. The identity of the radiolabelled phosphorylcholine
      binding protein was further established by quantitative immunoprecipitation,
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing.

PMID- 6375733
TI  - Properties and application to immunoassay of monoclonal antibodies to neuron
      specific gamma gamma enolase.
AB  - Two monoclonal antibodies to human and bovine neuron-specific gamma gamma enolase
      have been produced in the isolated hybrid cell lines, which were obtained by
      fusion between gamma gamma-immunized mouse spleen cells and mouse myeloma cells
      (P3-NS-1/1-Ag4-1), followed by a screening procedure with an enzyme immunoassay.
      The monoclonal antibody to human gamma gamma enolase (E1-G3) and that to bovine
      gamma gamma enolase (B1-D6) consisted of gamma 2a/kappa and gamma l/kappa
      immunoglobulin chains, respectively. Both antibodies could bind with the
      respective antigen with a molar ratio of about 1:1, and were found to be specific
      for the gamma subunit of enolase, showing reactivities with human gamma gamma and
      alpha gamma, rat gamma gamma and alpha gamma, and bovine gamma gamma enolases.
      However, the antibodies did not cross-react with the alpha or beta subunit of
      human and rat enolase isozymes. Both antibodies could partially inhibit the
      activity of gamma gamma and alpha gamma enolases. E1-G3 antibody inhibited gamma
      gamma and alpha gamma enolase activity by 70 and 30%, respectively, and B1-D6
      antibody, by 90 and 40%, respectively. Both antibodies had no effect on the
      activity of alpha alpha and beta beta enolases of human and rat origins. The
      applicability of E1-G3 and B1-D6 antibodies to the sandwich-type enzyme
      immunoassay for neuron-specific enolase (enolase gamma subunit) was examined, and
      it was found that the assay system using E1-G3 and B1-D6 as the labeled
      antibodies were sufficiently sensitive for the assay of serum neuron-specific
      enolase concentrations.

PMID- 6375734
TI  - Increased activity of rat liver N2-guanine tRNA methyltransferase II in response
      to liver damage.
AB  - Alterations in rat liver transfer RNA (tRNA) methyltransferase activities have
      been observed after liver damage by various chemicals or by partial hepatectomy.
      The qualitative and quantitative nature of these activity changes and the time
      course for their induction have been studied. Since homologous tRNAs are
      essentially fully modified in vivo, E. coli tRNAs were used as in vitro
      substrates for the rat liver enzymes in these studies. Each of the liver-damaging
      agents tested rapidly caused increases in activities of the enzyme(s) catalyzing
      methyl group transfer to tRNAs that have an unmodified guanine at position 26
      from the 5' end of the molecule. This group of tRNAs includes E. coli tRNANfmet,
      tRNAAla1, tRNALeu1, or Leu2, and tRNASer3 (Group 1). In each case N2
      methylguanine and N2,N2-dimethylguanine represented 90% or more of the products
      of these in vitro methylations. The product and substrate specificity observed
      are characteristic of N2-guanine methyltransferase II (S-adenosyl-L-methionine :
      tRNA (guanine-2)-methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.32). In crude and partially purified
      preparations derived from livers of both control and treated animals this enzyme
      activity was not diminished significantly by exposure to 50 degrees C for min.
      The same liver-damaging agents induced little or no change in the activities of
      enzymes that catalyze methyl group transfer to various other E. coli tRNAs that
      do not have guanine at position 26 (Group 2). The results of mixing experiments
      appear to rule out the likelihood that the observed enzyme activity changes are
      due to stimulatory or inhibitory materials present in the enzyme preparations
      from control or treated animals. Thus, our experiments indicate that liver damage
      by each of several different methods, including surgery or administration of
      chemicals that are strong carcinogens, hepatotoxins, or cancer-promoting
      substances, all produce changes in liver tRNA methyltransferase activity that
      represent a selective increase in activity of N2-guanine tRNA methyltransferase
      II. It is proposed that the specificity of this change is not fortuitous, but is
      the manifestation of an as yet unidentified regulatory process.

PMID- 6375735
TI  - A memory effect in DNA replication.
AB  - A study of the polymerization/excision ratio in the replication of poly(dA),
      primed with oligo(dT), was carried out with E. coli DNA polymerase I, at various
      primer and enzyme concentrations. The variations in this ratio suggest that 1)
      the DNA polymerase is able to switch between two states of low and high
      exonuclease activities and 2) after dissociating from the template, the DNA
      polymerase drifts towards the low exonuclease state. The recovery of the high
      exonuclease state would require several successive incorporations.

PMID- 6375736
TI  - [Incorporation of yeast tRNA into mouse L 1210 lympholeukemic cells].
AB  - [32P]tRNA from baker's yeast is incorporated without degradation into
      lympholeukotic cells of L1210 mice. The tRNA incorporation determined after tRNA
      hydrolysis on cell surface by RNAase increases linearly with a rise in the
      initial concentration from 0.5 to 500 micrograms per ml. According to gel
      electrophoresis of intracellular nucleic acids, after a 3 hour incubation the
      [32P]tRNA incorporated into the cells by 50% to form tRNA fragments without any
      conspicuous reutilization. The kinetic curve of tRNA incorporation during the
      first 60 min demonstrates a severalfold decrease in the initial maximal
      incorporation of [32P]tRNA into the cells (2 min), with a subsequent restoration
      of the incorporation within 2-3 hours.

PMID- 6375737
TI  - [Functional origin of the respiratory system in ontogeny. II. The biological
      importance of the act of birth and the start of extrauterine respiration].
AB  - The programme preparation of the fetus for extrauterine autonomic development in
      the air medium is completed during the process of natural generic act. The
      postnatal apnea appears to be the result of the fetus central nervous system
      depressive state. This depression originates in prenatal period and continues
      during the delivery. The so-called first breath occurs as a results of overcoming
      of the depressive influences action and the renewal of automatic activity of the
      respiratory center which has been temporarily switched off.

PMID- 6375738
TI  - [Amino acid composition of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase from the breast
      muscle of the pigeon].
AB  - The amino acid composition of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase--a component of
      alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex--from the pigeon breast muscle has been
      determined. A significant similarity of the enzyme amino acid composition
      isolated from systematically remote species has been revealed by comparison of
      the data obtained with the literary one concerning the alpha-ketoglutarate
      dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli and pig heart.

PMID- 6375739
TI  - [Effect of 2-amino-2-thiazoline on the sulfhydryl group content of yeasts of
      various degrees of radiosensitivity].
AB  - The influence of 2-amino-2-thiazoline on the level of total sulphydryl groups in
      the haploid and diploid yeast cells Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia
      guilliermondii has been studied. The increase of radioresistance of the yeast
      cells has been shown to be connected with the growing content of the endogenous
      thiols.

PMID- 6375740
TI  - Unilateral electroconvulsive therapy: an open clinical comparison of two
      electrode placements.

PMID- 6375741
TI  - Peptidase activity in the hypothalamus of the rat: utilization of leucine-p
      nitroanilide to monitor the activity degrading luteinizing hormone releasing
      hormone.
AB  - Previous studies by other investigators have shown that luteinizing hormone
      releasing hormone (LHRH) and amino acid derivatives of p-nitroanilide are
      probably degraded by a common enzymatic activity; however, most of these studies
      are inferential in that they are largely based upon kinetic inhibition data
      derived from relatively crude tissue preparations. The purpose of this work was
      to determine whether the synthetic substrate leucine-p- nitroanilide (Leu-p-NA)
      and LHRH were degraded by the same peptidase activity. Supernatants (10,000 X g)
      from homogenates of rat hypothalami were eluted from Sephadex G-200, and the
      resultant fractions were assayed for degrading activity toward LHRH and Leu-p-NA.
      Radioimmunoassay (RIA) indicated that loss of immunologically active LHRH
      occurred in the same fractions in which maximal Leu-p-NA degrading activity
      eluted. Kinetically, exogenous LHRH inhibited degradation of Leu-p-NA in a
      concentration-dependent manner. When fractions evidencing Leu-p-NA degrading
      activity were incubated with 125I-LHRH, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE)
      indicated a time-dependent loss of LHRH with the concomitant production of a
      radioactive peptide fragment. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
      analysis of unlabeled LHRH incubations revealed, within the Leu-p-NA degrading
      fractions, the formation of two peptide fragments. These studies have further
      substantiated the likelihood that LHRH and Leu-p-NA are degraded by a common
      enzyme activity as indicated not only by kinetic inhibition data, but also by
      cofractionation of activity toward both substrates and by two analytical methods
      capable of detecting LHRH fragmentation (PAGE and HPLC).

PMID- 6375742
TI  - Peptidase activity in the hypothalamus and pituitary of the rat: fluctuations and
      possible regulatory role of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone-degrading
      activity during the estrous cycle.
AB  - Peptidase activity capable of inactivating luteinizing hormone (LHRH) may have a
      physiological role in partially determining hypothalamic LHRH levels as well as
      LHRH levels at the gonadotrope. In our previous work ( Lapp and O' Conner , 1984,
      companion paper), use of the synthetic substrate leucine-p-nitroanilide (Leu-p
      NA) to assay LHRH-degradative activity was validated by several methods. The
      current studies were conducted in order to monitor peptidase activity in the
      hypothalamus and pituitary throughout the rat 4-day estrous cycle. Activity in
      both tissues was significantly decreased during proestrus and diestrus I. It
      seems possible that the proestrous reduction in peptidase activity represents a
      permissive period necessary for the induction of the LHRH and LH surges. The
      decreased degradative activity in the pituitary on diestrus I may be involved in
      inducing the pituitary LHRH receptors which are reportedly synthesized prior to
      proestrus. The peptidase exhibits positive cooperativity with Leu-p-NA, and the
      degree of this cooperativity also fluctuates during the estrous cycle. Estradiol
      and progesterone given alone or in combination to prepubertal castrate animals
      increased the activity of the hypothalamic peptidase in vitro. The degree of
      positive cooperativity with which the enzyme functioned was also apparently
      altered by these gonadal steroids.

PMID- 6375743
TI  - Periventricular and suprachiasmatic lesion effects on photoperiodic responses of
      the hamster hypophyseal-gonadal axis.
AB  - We examined the involvement of neural mechanisms within the suprachiasmatic
      nucleus (SCN) and periventricular area (PVA), and the role of prolactin (Prl) in
      control of endocrine function in short day-exposed Syrian hamsters. Hamsters
      bearing lesions of the SCN or PVA, hamsters implanted with an anterior pituitary
      under the kidney capsule to provide sustained Prl levels, and sham-operated
      hamsters were exposed to either 14L:10D or 8L:16D. After 9 wk, hamsters were
      sacrificed, and their testes and pituitaries were studied in vitro to assess
      their secretory capacity. SCN lesions and large periventricular lesions impinging
      on the paraventricular nucleus prevented testicular regression during short-day
      exposure. Small periventricular lesions and pituitary implants did not prevent
      gonadal regression in hamsters exposed to short days. Testis weights were
      positively correlated with basal and luteinizing hormone (LH)-stimulated androgen
      production in the control and lesioned groups; pituitary implants prevented the
      decline in androgen production in vitro in gonadally regressed animals. The
      relative in vitro pituitary response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
      stimulation in control and lesioned groups was not reduced by short-day exposure.
      These data indicate that either axons coursing dorsally from the SCN or extra-SCN
      structures in the periventricular/paraventricular area are necessary for
      testicular regression in short photoperiods.

PMID- 6375744
TI  - Systemic effects of biomaterials.
AB  - Evaluation of the host response to implanted biomaterials usually focuses on the
      implant site tissue response. This may lead to erroneous conclusions in the same
      way that examination of battles outside of their historic context does. A broader
      view discloses a variety of possible and actual systemic effects of carcinogenic,
      metabolic, immunological and bacteriological nature. Recognition of these effects
      in patients is hampered by a lack of epidemiological studies.

PMID- 6375745
TI  - Controlled biodegradability of polymers--a key to drug delivery systems.
AB  - By combining oligopeptide sequences with synthetic polymeric chains, carriers of
      drug models can be prepared. The drug model (p-nitroaniline) is cleaved from the
      carrier in the lysosomal compartment of the cell. By changing the length and
      structure of the oligopeptide sequence, it is possible to regulate the rate of
      cleavage of drug model by individual thiol proteinases (cathepsins B, H and L)
      which are the most important as regards cleavage of the substrates studied. By
      connecting synthetic polymeric chains via oligopeptide bridges, it is possible to
      regulate the molecular weight as well as the biodegradability of the carrier
      molecule. Molecular weight also influences other biological properties, e.g.,
      elimination from the organism, rate of pinocytic uptake and biological activity.
      Homopolymer of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) is nonimmunogenic in
      rats. Attachment of oligopeptide side chains gives rise to a macromolecule
      possessing immunogenic activity. The degree of antibody response depends on the
      detailed structure of the copolymer.

PMID- 6375746
TI  - Role of medical materials, both in implant and surface applications, in immune
      response and in resistance to infection.
AB  - The term biocompatibility encompasses many aspects of the behaviour of a material
      in the body including its effects on the host and the host's effects on it. Two
      aspects of biocompatibility which are difficult to predict are sensitivity
      reactions and infections. These reactions are very dependent on the host and
      other factors beyond the control of the testing laboratory. Much of the
      information on the problems of sensitivity reactions and infection rates in the
      actual use of the biomaterials and devices comes from case reports in the
      literature. This article will focus on review papers and a synthesis of reports
      and does not contain a thorough citation of the literature.

PMID- 6375747
TI  - Biomaterial biocompatibility and the macrophage.
AB  - The biocompatibility of biomaterials at implant sites is controlled by the
      tissue/material interaction. A major cell in the tissue reaction is the
      macrophage. A summary is presented on macrophage mediation of cellular and
      humoral regulatory pathways in inflammatory and immune responses.

PMID- 6375748
TI  - Electrochemical corrosion of metallic biomaterials.
AB  - Methods of electrochemical thermodynamics (electrode potential-pH equilibrium
      diagrams) and electrochemical kinetics (polarization curves) may help to
      understand and predict the corrosion behaviour of metals and alloys in the
      presence of body fluids. A short review of the literature is given concerning
      some applications of such methods, both in vitro and in vivo, relating to
      surgical implants (stainless steels, chromium-cobalt-molybdenum alloys, titanium
      and titanium alloys) and to dental alloys (silver-tin-copper amalgams, silver
      base and gold-base casting alloys, nickel-base casting alloys). Attention is
      drawn to the necessity of more basic research on crevice- and fretting-corrosion
      of surgical implant materials and dental alloys, and to the toxicity of corrosion
      products. A perfect understanding of the exact significance of electrode
      potentials is essential for the success of such a task.

PMID- 6375749
TI  - Biomembrane surfaces as models for polymer design: the potential for
      haemocompatibility.
AB  - A major restriction in the application of polymeric biomaterials is the
      propensity of their surfaces to support thrombosis. Theoretical approaches to the
      design of thromboresistant polymers have been inadequate because of the
      complexity of surface thrombosis. We have developed a new, practical approach to
      this problem--the design of polymers which mimic the thromboresistant surfaces of
      blood cell membranes. Haemostatic processes are mediated by reactions which occur
      at membrane-plasma interfaces. The extra-cellular surfaces of the plasma
      membranes of red blood cells and quiescent platelets are thromboresistant; in
      contrast, their cytoplasmic surfaces are thrombogenic. The simplest common
      feature among the blood-compatible cellular and model membranes is the high
      content of the electrically neutral phospholipids which contain the
      phosphorylcholine head group. We have developed model systems of biological
      membranes which utilize polymerizable phosphatidylcholines and which mimic
      nonreactive cell surfaces. Polymeri phospholipids represent a new class of hybrid
      biomaterials with characteristics both of biomembranes (polar surfaces,
      nonthrombogenic, low antigenic potential and low permeability) and of synthetic
      polymers (chemical and physical stability).

PMID- 6375750
TI  - Body fat, puberty and fertility.

PMID- 6375751
TI  - Biased selection of controls for case-control analyses of cohort studies.
AB  - It is known that unbiased estimates of the relative risk in a cohort study may be
      obtained by a matched case-control analysis that compares each case with a random
      sample of controls obtained from those at risk at the time of case incidence.
      Through inadvertence , or for practical or scientific reasons, a biased referent
      group may be selected instead. Three kinds of biasing restrictions on controls
      are commonly imposed: (i) the requirement that controls remain completely disease
      free for a fixed time interval, (ii) the exclusion of all cases incident during
      observation as controls, and (iii) the exclusion, from the referent group, of
      subjects who develop other diseases, which may be related to the exposure of
      interest. The bias in estimation of the relative risk associated with each of
      these restrictions is evaluated under the proportional-hazards model. For several
      examples of cancer mortality data, the bias from (iii) appears quite small,
      whereas the bias from (i) can be appreciable and is mostly attributable to the
      bias from case exclusion (ii). The effect of random variation in the time of
      onset of exposure is to reduce these biases.

PMID- 6375752
TI  - Fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry: a mass spectral investigation of
      some of the insulins.
AB  - Mass measurements of the protonated molecules [M + H]+ of four insulins are
      presented. In addition, structurally significant fragment ions are observed in
      the mass spectrum and metastable scanning has been used to link these ions to the
      protonated molecule.

PMID- 6375753
TI  - Involvement of ribonucleotide reductase in cellular differentiation.
AB  - L6 and L8 rat myoblast cell lines have been selected for resistance to
      hydroxyurea, an antineoplastic agent whose intracellular target is the rate
      limiting enzyme activity of DNA synthesis, ribonucleotide reductase. In contrast
      to the differentiation-competent parental lines from which they were selected,
      the drug-resistant lines exhibit a grossly altered or absent myogenic capacity.
      Independent selections have revealed a strong correlation between changes in
      ribonucleotide reductase, as determined by velocity levels and product pool
      analyses, and altered myogenic potential. These results provide the first
      indication that alterations in this key enzyme activity and its accompanying
      deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools can affect cellular differentiation.

PMID- 6375754
TI  - A method to select cell populations with enhanced chemotactic activity.
AB  - Virus-transformed and tumor cells often show a higher chemotactic activity in
      comparison to normal cells. Here we show that the blind-well chamber assay is an
      easy and rapid procedure to select cell populations with enhanced chemotactic
      activity. Collagen-type-specific antibodies have been applied to analyze the
      efficiency of cell sorting by the chemotaxis assay.

PMID- 6375755
TI  - Proteases as structural probes for chromatin: the domain structure of histones.

PMID- 6375756
TI  - Effect of expectorants on relaxation behavior of sputum viscoelasticity in vivo.
AB  - We studied the effects of expectorants (mucolytic agents) in vivo on the
      relaxation behavior of sputum viscoelasticity. Seven female and thirty-three male
      patients (56.8 +/- 19.3 yrs, range: 21 to 82 years old) with a chronic pulmonary
      disease except bronchial asthma were studied. They were randomly put into the
      control group or a group which would be given oral treatments with an expectorant
      for a week after a one week washout period. The groups were as follows: Group I
      (n = 8), control; Group II (n = 7), Bromhexine hydrochloride 24 mg per day; Group
      III (n = 10), Ambroxol 90 mg per day; Group IV (n = 9) alpha - Chymotrypsin
      buccle 100 ch.u. per day; Group V (n = 6), Serratiopeptidase 30 mg per day. In
      Groups IV & V, frequency dependence of sputum viscoelasticity at the range of
      omega = 10(-3) to 10(0) rad.sec-1 were clearly changed after the treatments, and
      the magnitude of the relaxation and its main relaxation time were significantly
      increased. On the other hand, in Groups I, II & III, no significant changes of
      the frequency dependences were observed. These findings suggest that proteolytic
      enzymes administered orally work on the molecular structure of sputum, and break
      down their linkages between subunits of the structure.

PMID- 6375757
TI  - Bleeding and thrombosis in the myeloproliferative disorders.
AB  - Bleeding and thrombosis are major causes of morbidity and mortality in patients
      with myeloproliferative disorders. The significance of uncontrolled polycythemia
      as a risk factor for thrombosis in these patients has been established. However,
      the role of thrombocytosis in the pathogenesis of hemostatic complications
      remains controversial. Abnormalities of platelet function and prolongation of the
      bleeding time occur in a highly variable number of cases. Specific platelet
      defects that have been identified in the myeloproliferative defects include
      abnormal platelet morphology, acquired storage pool disease, platelet membrane
      abnormalities, and abnormal arachidonic acid metabolism. Causal relationships
      between any of these specific abnormalities and either bleeding or thrombosis
      have not been clearly established. The therapeutic efficacy of myelosuppression
      to reduce the platelet count in patients with thrombocytosis and the role of
      antiplatelet drugs in the myeloproliferative disorders are controversial issues.

PMID- 6375758
TI  - Heterogeneity of human neutrophil phagolysosomes: functional consequences for
      candidacidal activity.
AB  - Opsonized yeast phase Candida albicans, incubated with human neutrophils, are
      internalized into two classes of phagosomes. One class, termed "unsealed
      vacuoles," comprises approximately 40% of the total and maintains functional
      communication to the cell's exterior that is sufficient to permit ingress of
      dyes, such as trypan or methylene blue. The remaining cell-associated yeasts are
      contained in "sealed vacuoles," completely sequestered from the external milieu.
      Approximately 71.8% of C albicans within sealed vacuoles are rendered nonviable
      within 60 minutes, whereas only 14.5% of organisms within unsealed vacuoles are
      killed during this time. We conclude that vacuolar sealing mechanisms are
      imperfectly developed in normal human neutrophils and that incompletely sealed
      vacuoles support antimicrobial processes substantially less well than do
      completely sealed ones.

PMID- 6375759
TI  - Incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease with and without methotrexate
      prophylaxis in allogeneic bone marrow transplant patients.
AB  - Methotrexate has been used as the mainstay therapy to prevent or ameliorate graft
      versus-host disease (GVHD) in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. We began a
      nonrandomized study in which methotrexate was not given routinely. Fifty-five
      patients underwent transplant for acute leukemia (44 patients), aplastic anemia
      (6 patients), and other malignancies (5 patients). Methotrexate was given to 34
      patients (MTX +) and was withheld in 21 patients (MTX -). Median (range) age of
      patients was 12 (0.8-43) years in the MTX + group, and 16 (3-45) years in the MTX
      group. Mean days (+/- SEM) to engraftment (neutrophils greater than 500/microL,
      and platelets greater than 20,000/microL untransfused) occurred earlier in the
      MTX- patients (19.6 +/- 1.4 v 24.9 +/- 1.8 days for granulocytes, and 19.3 +/-
      1.5 v 27.4 +/- 2.8 days for platelets, P less than .05). There were no
      statistically significant differences between the patient groups for the
      incidence or severity of GVHD (10/34 in the MTX + group had grade O-l GVHD
      compared to 9/21 in the MTX- group). The interstitial pneumonitis occurred at a
      significantly increased rate in patients who received methotrexate (15/34)
      compared to those patients who did not (3/21) (P = .02). However, there was also
      a significant relationship between the interstitial pneumonitis and the
      preparative regimen: if the preparative regimen contained 1,000 rad single
      fraction total body irradiation, 8/14 patients were affected compared to 5/22
      patients affected when 1,200 rad fractionated total body irradiation was used (P
      = .03). Because methotrexate significantly retards hematopoietic reconstitution,
      randomized trials for GVHD prevention are recommended.

PMID- 6375760
TI  - Efficacy of daunorubicin in the therapy of adult acute lymphocytic leukemia: a
      prospective randomized trial by cancer and leukemia group B.
AB  - The efficacy of the addition of intensive therapy with daunorubicin (45 mg/m2 IV
      on days 1, 2, 3) to an otherwise identical induction program consisting of
      vincristine, prednisone, and L-asparaginase was assessed in 177 previously
      untreated adults (greater than or equal to 20 years of age) with acute
      lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). In the prospectively randomized phase of the
      investigation, 46 patients received daunorubicin in induction, whereas 53 did
      not. The two groups were otherwise comparable for pretreatment variables. A
      complete response was observed in 38/46 patients (83%) treated with daunorubicin,
      compared to 25/53 (47%) induced with vincristine, prednisone, and L-asparaginase
      alone (P = .003). The high response rate attributable to the use of the
      anthracycline was confirmed by the nonrandomized treatment of 78 subsequent
      patients, in whom a complete response rate of 76% was attained. A common program
      for central nervous system therapy and for maintenance therapy was employed in
      103 patients achieving complete response. Maintenance consisted of cycles of 6
      mercaptopurine (6-MP) and methotrexate with periodic reinforcement with
      vincristine and prednisone. Maintenance therapy proved to be minimally toxic. The
      average duration of complete response was 15 months and was not affected by the
      induction program employed. Approximately 25% of responders are projected to
      remain in continuing complete response for 36 months. The failure of the
      daunorubicin-containing programs to produce a higher percentage of long-term
      survivors, despite the higher complete response rates achieved, was thought to be
      due to the use of a maintenance program that was weak in intensity and dependent
      on reinforcement with vincristine and prednisone. These data clearly establish
      the increased effectiveness of vincristine, prednisone, L-asparaginase, and
      daunorubicin, as compared to this combination without daunorubicin, in the
      induction of complete response in adults with ALL. The results support the
      concept of an intensive, rather than a conservative, chemotherapeutic approach as
      the most appropriate strategy for the treatment of adult ALL.

PMID- 6375761
TI  - Subpopulation heterogeneity in human acute myeloid leukemia determined by
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - The leukemic population in 63 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was
      studied with 15 monoclonal antibodies that detect lineage-related and stage
      related antigens on normal hemopoietic cells. Indirect immunofluorescence and
      fluorescence-activated cell sorting showed that subpopulations of leukemic cells
      reacted with some or all antibodies, but the percentage of cells reacting with a
      single antibody varied widely among patients. The composite antigenic phenotype
      of the various cases, as determined by immunofluorescence assay, did not
      correlate with the French-American-British morphological classification.
      Furthermore, some cells in each case failed to express any antigen normally
      expressed on myelomonocytic precursors from the level of the early CFU-GM to the
      mature granulocyte or monocyte. In double-fluorescence experiments, the
      individual cells expressed none, one, or both antigens. These results demonstrate
      that there is considerable subpopulation heterogeneity in AML. This heterogeneity
      may considerably limit or complicate the use of monoclonal antibodies for
      diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL).

PMID- 6375763
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 6375762
TI  - Human large granular lymphocytes and their relationship to natural killer cell
      activity in various disease states.
AB  - This study investigated the numbers of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) and their
      relationship to natural killer (NK) function, as assessed by their capacity to
      lyse the human tumor target, K562. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 42
      normal controls and from 171 patients suffering from various nonmalignant or
      malignant diseases were evaluated. Also studied were samples from a patient
      undergoing autologous bone marrow reconstitution following total body
      irradiation. Results suggested the existence of a close relationship between the
      numbers of LGL and the capacity to lyse K562 targets, further supporting the view
      that LGL are crucial effector cells mediating NK lysis. In certain diseases, such
      as malignant states, functional capacity was not simply determined by the numbers
      of LGL. Here preferential reduction of the capacity to lyse K562 targets was
      observed, indicating that additional limiting factors are involved in the
      determination of the cytotoxic potential. Based on the relationship between LGL
      and natural immune functions, as well as on the identification of leukemias
      affecting this cell type, we would recommend their evaluation on a large scale
      clinical basis.

PMID- 6375764
TI  - Intensified therapy in acute lymphoblastic and acute undifferentiated leukemia in
      adults.
AB  - One hundred seventy adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or
      acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL) were entered into a prospective multicenter
      therapy trial at 25 hospitals. The aim of the trial was to improve remission
      duration by using a modified form of an intensified induction regimen that was
      successful in childhood ALL, to define immunologic subtypes of ALL by use of cell
      surface markers, and to extract other possible prognostic factors. The overall
      complete remission rate was 77.8%. The median overall survival time was 26
      months, being 4 months for nonresponders and 32 months for responders. The median
      remission duration for the 126 patients with complete remission was 20 months.
      Prognostically favorable factors for remission duration were response to
      chemotherapy within 4 weeks, age less than 35 years, a low initial leukocyte
      count, and the immunologic subtypes c-ALL with early response to therapy and T
      ALL, where 61% and 58%, respectively, are still in complete remission at 3 years.
      An adverse influence on remission duration was observed for the subtype null-ALL,
      with a median survival of 13 months, and for patients with a delayed response to
      induction therapy, independent of phenotype.

PMID- 6375765
TI  - Coenzyme function of cobalamin analogues from calf kidney.
AB  - Calf kidney has been used as a tissue source for the isolation of cobalamin
      analogues, which are defined here as cobalt-containing compounds of distinctive
      chromatographic behavior that are extractable from tissues by methods
      conventionally used to extract cobalamin and which, in radioisotope dilution
      assays, are more active with R-protein as binder than intrinsic factor and are
      relatively less active in microbiologic assays. Preparatory methods employed
      reverse affinity chromatography or a series of chemical extractions for the
      isolation of corrin followed by Dowex-50 chromatography. An analogue-containing
      fraction (peak 2) was eluted by acetate buffers between pH 4 and 5. This material
      was shown to contain cobalt, to migrate differently than the four cobalamins in
      Dowex-50 and paper chromatography, and to display a pattern of properties that is
      compatible with the above definition of cobalamin analogues. These analogues
      stimulated crude preparations of N5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine
      methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.13) from Escherichia coli and rat liver at far lower
      concentrations (1-40 nmol/L) than the major cobalamins. No evidence of enzymatic
      conversion of cobalamin to analogue could be demonstrated.

PMID- 6375766
TI  - Bulletin of the History of Medicine. Index to volumes and supplements 1933-1982.

PMID- 6375768
TI  - English medical practitioners, 1340-1530.

PMID- 6375769
TI  - Change in the popularization of health in the United States.

PMID- 6375767
TI  - Epidemiological method in the 1860s: yellow fever at Saint-Nazaire.

PMID- 6375770
TI  - Clinical pathology in America, 1865-1915: Philadelphia as a test case.

PMID- 6375771
TI  - Laveran's discovery in the retrospect of a century.

PMID- 6375772
TI  - Ayurvedic medicine in Goa according to European sources in the sixteenth and
      seventeenth centuries.

PMID- 6375773
TI  - Basic embryology and clinical medicine: a case history in serendipity.

PMID- 6375774
TI  - Capillary operators.

PMID- 6375775
TI  - Tailoring periodical collections to meet institutional needs.
AB  - A system for tailoring journal collections to meet institutional needs is
      described. The approach is based on the view that reference work and collection
      development are variant and complementary forms of the same library function;
      both tasks have as their objective a literature response to information problems.
      Utilizing the tools and procedures of the reference search in response to a
      specific collection development problem topic, the author created a model ranked
      list of relevant journals. Finally, by linking the model to certain operational
      and environmental factors in three different health care organizations, he
      tailored the collection to meet the institutions' respective information needs.

PMID- 6375776
TI  - Patterns of journal publications by staff of the College of Medicine, University
      of Ibadan, Nigeria, 1961-1980.
AB  - This study analyzes publishing patterns of the staff of the University of Ibadan
      College of Medicine, Nigeria, based on a bibliography prepared by the authors.
      Data-gathering for the bibliography is described. An analysis is made of journals
      staff published in for the period 1961-1980, focusing on changes in journal order
      rank, publishing locations, and subject spread. A ranked list of the leading
      journals for the period 1976-1980 is given, showing the importance of local
      publishing and pointing to the need for local indexing.

PMID- 6375777
TI  - Online and offline print costs in MEDLINE.
AB  - The NLM and DIALOG user will normally make the cost-effective choice by printing
      online at 1200 baud rather than offline. At 300 baud the offline print remains
      the economical choice. Given the most reasonable estimates of citation length,
      offline printing is now the choice in all cases for the BRS user of MEDLINE. The
      cost estimates are based on the application of the Boyce-Gillen formula. Page
      charges are converted to citation charges where necessary.

PMID- 6375778
TI  - The role of annotated bibliographies in information dissemination.
AB  - In July 1982, a comprehensive questionnaire was sent to a random sample of names
      on the National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse (NDIC) mailing list to measure
      user satisfaction with and use of annotated bibliographies about diabetes topics.
      The bibliographies are used to learn more about a topic and to locate cited
      materials. The total number of publications ordered by this sample is 8,857;
      therefore, an extrapolation from these data suggests that more than 45,000
      publications were ordered as a direct result of the citations as the source of
      information.

PMID- 6375779
TI  - Academic health sciences libraries, then and now.
AB  - We have made no attempt to compare academic health science libraries along other
      criteria. Collections and services are not always congruent with budgets; nor do
      we imply that bigger is better. It is much more expensive to operate a library
      today than in 1962. In addition, building backfiles is not usually required for a
      library that has been collecting, even modestly, for fifty to one hundred years.
      In summary, the eastern seaboard health science libraries generally declined in
      rank, whereas those in the midwest, southwest, and west either remained in rank
      order or increased in rank. Exceptions are in North and South Carolina. Although
      this socioeconomic shift is interesting, the more relevant finding is the
      narrowing range. In 1962 the median health science library budget was one-sixth
      as large as that of top-ranked UC-SF. Whereas UC-SF's budget has shown a six-fold
      increase over twenty years, the median library's budget has shown a twelve-fold
      increase. The gap between the annual budgets of the top-ranked schools and those
      in the bottom half of the range remains substantial but is apparently closing. It
      is anticipated that during the next two decades relatively few dollars will
      separate the annual budgets of the top ten or twenty academic health science
      libraries from those at the other end of the spectrum.

PMID- 6375780
TI  - Indexing inconsistency.

PMID- 6375781
TI  - Derek John De Solla Price (1922-1983): the man and the contribution.

PMID- 6375782
TI  - Recent advances in the understanding of end-stage renal disease.

PMID- 6375783
TI  - [Centenary of the French Society of Ophthalmology].

PMID- 6375784
TI  - [List of members of the French Society of Ophthalmology. 1983].

PMID- 6375786
TI  - [J. Barraquer's keratophakia].

PMID- 6375785
TI  - [Correction of aphakia using contact lenses: effect of the surgical method].

PMID- 6375787
TI  - [Keratophakia by second intention for the correction of aphakia].

PMID- 6375788
TI  - [Barraquer's keratophakia].

PMID- 6375789
TI  - [Reticulo-cellular sarcoma (immunoblastosarcoma): an oculo-cerebral disorder].

PMID- 6375790
TI  - [Astigmatism and anterior chamber implants].

PMID- 6375791
TI  - The influence of the health maintenance organization experience on medical care
      in the United States.

PMID- 6375792
TI  - Flashbacks: scenes from psychiatry's revolutions.

PMID- 6375793
TI  - Innominate artery compression of the trachea.

PMID- 6375794
TI  - Mechanisms of reflex bradycardia and hypotension by metabolites of arachidonic
      acid in the cat.
AB  - In the cat, intravenous injections of arachidonic acid or prostaglandin (PG)F2
      alpha caused significant reductions in mean arterial pressure and heart rate
      which were eliminated or significantly lessened, respectively, by previous
      administration of indomethacin. The bradycardia to intravenous prostacyclin
      (PGI2) was unaffected by indomethacin. In cats with bilateral ligation of the
      carotid arteries to eliminate competition between systemic baroreflexes and
      cardiopulmonary reflexes, PGI2, PGF2 alpha and arachidonic acid caused
      significantly greater hypotension and bradycardia than in cats with intact
      carotid baroreflexes. The bradycardia to PGI2, PGF2 alpha and arachidonic acid
      was eliminated by bilateral vagal section or atropine. PGE1, PGE2 and
      nitroprusside caused dose-related falls in mean arterial pressure and a small
      tachycardia. In a small group of cats (7 of 67) nitroprusside also caused a
      reduction in heart rate which was eliminated by indomethacin. We conclude that
      the reflex bradycardia to PGF2 alpha, like that to arachidonic acid is, at least
      in part, the result of the stimulation of synthesis of another prostaglandin,
      most likely PGI2.

PMID- 6375795
TI  - Failure of drugs that selectively inhibit thromboxane synthesis to modify
      endotoxin shock in conscious rats.
AB  - The effects of two thromboxane synthetase inhibitors ( dazoxiben and UK 38485)
      were investigated on the cardiovascular and metabolic effects of Escherichia coli
      endotoxin infusion in the conscious, unrestrained rat. Infusion of E. coli
      endotoxin (41.7 ng kg-1 min-1) for 4 h produced a fall in mean arterial pressure,
      an increase in heart rate, a transient hyperglycaemia (at 1 h) followed by
      hypoglycaemia (evident at 6 h), an elevation in plasma lactate and a profound
      thrombocytopenia. The above changes were accompanied by a marked elevation in
      plasma thromboxane B2 concentrations (e.g. endotoxin-treated 935 +/- 150 pg ml-1
      at 1 h compared with pre-endotoxin values of 125 +/- 30 pg ml-1). The
      administration of either dazoxiben (30 mg kg-1 i.v., given 30 min before starting
      the endotoxin infusion) or UK 38485 (15 mg kg-1 given 30 min before, and again 4
      h after, starting the endotoxin infusion) prevented the rise in plasma
      thromboxane B2 concentrations. Neither dazoxiben nor UK 38485 prevented the
      metabolic, cardiovascular or thrombocytopenic effects of endotoxin and did not
      modify mortality. These results suggest that, although large amounts of
      thromboxane are generated in response to endotoxin, they do not play an important
      role in the major pathophysiological consequences of acute endotoxaemia.

PMID- 6375796
TI  - Effect of muscarinic ligands on the electrical activity recorded from the
      hippocampus: a quantitative approach.
AB  - The electrical activity of the hippocampus was recorded from the CA 1 region in
      rats anaesthetized with halothane and the effects of compounds assessed following
      their intravenous injection. Quantification of the effects was achieved following
      on-line fast Fourier transformation of the signal. The electrical activity
      recorded from the hippocampus of the halothane-anaesthetized rat demonstrated
      identical characteristics to that recorded from the freely-moving animal. Three
      types of activity could be distinguished: rhythmical slow wave activity (RSA or
      theta); large amplitude slow wave activity (LIA); and small amplitude fast wave
      activity. Muscarinic agonists induced RSA with a consequent reduction in power.
      The effects were dose-dependent and were reversibly antagonized by scopolamine,
      but not methyl-scopolamine, indicating that the effects are mediated centrally by
      muscarinic receptors. The results show that, in halothane anaesthetized rats, a
      muscarinic RSA occurs which is unrelated to movement or behavioural arousal.

PMID- 6375798
TI  - Digital fluoroscopy with a conventional fluoroscopic room and a nuclear medicine
      computer system.
AB  - The potential of a commercially-available nuclear medicine computer, with a
      digital video interface, supplied by its manufacturers, for digital fluoroscopy
      is described. In the absence of universally accepted standards against which the
      performance of digital fluoroscopy systems may be judged, the parameters included
      in the description of this system included linearity, uniformity, signal-to-noise
      ratio, matrix size at given frame rates and study sizes. In addition some
      examples of clinical studies involving subtraction are presented.

PMID- 6375799
TI  - Prostaglandin E1 in severe lower limb ischaemia: a double-blind controlled trial.
AB  - Thirty patients with ischaemic ulceration or rest pain due to lower limb
      atherosclerosis were treated with intravenous prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) or placebo
      in a prospective double-blind controlled trial. There was no significant
      improvement of rest pain, nor was PGE1 effective in promoting ulcer healing. This
      study provides no support for the use of intravenous PGE1 in the treatment of end
      stage lower limb atherosclerotic disease.

PMID- 6375800
TI  - Segmental phenolization of ingrowing toenails: a randomized controlled study.
AB  - One hundred and three patients, on whom 107 procedures for ingrowing toenails
      were performed, were randomly allocated into one of two treatment groups:
      segmental or angular phenolization and wedge excision. There were 53 wedge
      excisions and 54 segmental phenolizations. Post-treatment discomfort was assessed
      on a linear analogue scale of 10 cm. There was no difference between the two
      groups one week after treatment. Over a mean follow-up period of 14 months a
      total of 20 nail spikes occurred, 4 in the phenolized group and 16 in the wedge
      excision group, this being a significant difference at the one per cent level.

PMID- 6375801
TI  - Computer aided diagnosis in acute testicular pain.
AB  - Over an 11-year period in Edinburgh, 495 patients with a proven diagnosis of
      testicular torsion or acute epididymo-orchitis were admitted to hospital. The
      final diagnosis in 227 was epididymitis, in 236 torsion of the testis and in 32
      torsion of a testicular appendage. The immediate salvage rate from torsion of the
      testis was 67 per cent. To try to improve diagnostic accuracy in these three
      conditions, a computer program was constructed using a data base derived from the
      literature. On retrospective analysis of the 495 patients, the program achieved a
      92.3 per cent accuracy in differentiating torsion from epididymitis. If the
      computer's diagnosis had been followed it would have reduced the exploration rate
      in epididymitis from 18 to 1.8 per cent. It would further have increased the
      diagnostic accuracy of a junior doctor to that of a senior colleague, but the
      number of torsions 'missed' by the computer and senior doctor would have been
      similar. The technique is inexpensive, rapid, immediately available, non-invasive
      and easy to use. It is suggested that such a program will increase diagnostic
      accuracy in acute testicular pain and, hopefully, the salvage rate from torsion
      of the testis.

PMID- 6375797
TI  - Frusemide releases renin in the rat kidney when prostacyclin synthesis is
      suppressed.
AB  - The effect of inhibiting prostaglandin (PG) synthesis on basal and frusemide
      stimulated renin secretion was examined in the rat isolated perfused kidney. The
      stable PGI2 derivative, 6-keto PGF1 alpha, was measured by radioimmunoassay in
      urine collected from the kidney. Treatment of rats with indomethacin (3.0 mg kg
      1) reduced 6-keto PGF1 alpha excretion from 121.3 +/- 39.1 (n = 9) to 15.5 +/-
      6.6 (n = 9) pg min-1 (P less than 0.02) but had no effect on basal renin
      secretion. Renal perfusion pressure, flow rate and vascular resistance were
      similar in treated and control rats. Mean urine flow was lower after treatment.
      Infusion of frusemide (250 micrograms min-1) did not alter 6-keto PGF1 alpha
      excretion in control or indomethacin-treated (P greater than 0.05) rats. Although
      renin secretion was increased during frusemide infusion, there was no significant
      difference between control (1,806 +/- 384 ng angiotensin I (AI) min-1) and
      treated (2,310 +/- 554 ng AI min-1) rats (P greater than 0.05). Propranolol, at a
      dose (8 micrograms min-1) which suppressed renin secretion after isoprenaline
      stimulation, had no effect on the response to frusemide in indomethacin-treated
      rats. These results demonstrate that frusemide-stimulated renin secretion in the
      rat kidney does not require intact renal PGI2 synthesis and is independent of
      beta-adrenergic mechanisms.

PMID- 6375802
TI  - Wound sepsis after low risk elective cholecystectomy: the effect of cefuroxime.
AB  - A prospective randomized double-blind study was performed to assess the value of
      a single intravenous injection of 1.5 g cefuroxime in the prevention of wound
      sepsis after low risk elective cholecystectomy. Wound infection developed in 10
      of 81 control patients compared with 2 of 79 treated patients (P less than 0.05).
      Wound sepsis occurred more commonly in patients with infected bile or with a
      positive culture from a closing wound swab. Cefuroxime significantly reduced the
      isolation of staphylococci but not other organisms from the closing wound swab
      and also produced a significant reduction in wound infection in patients with
      sterile bile.

PMID- 6375803
TI  - Colostomy irrigation with prostaglandin E2 and bisacodyl. A double-blind cross
      over study.
AB  - The emptying of the colon and the side-effects after intraluminal application of
      prostaglandin E2 and of bisacodyl in 14 patients was studied by employing
      colostomy irrigation. The design was double-blind with cross-over, the irrigation
      was one litre of tap water to which was added in randomized sequence placebo,
      prostaglandin *2 (350, 700 and 1400 micrograms) or bisacodyl (1.25, 2.5 and 5
      mg). Neither prostaglandin E2 nor bisacodyl had any significant effect.

PMID- 6375804
TI  - Metronidazole in the treatment of non-specific vaginitis (NSV).
AB  - In a large multicentre study of 429 patients with the usual signs and symptoms of
      non-specific vaginitis (NSV), we studied the effect of different doses of
      metronidazole. The patients were divided into five treatment groups as follows:
      group A was given 400 mg metronidazole three times daily for seven days, group B
      2000 mg as a single dose, group C 2000 mg on days 1 and 2, group D 2000 mg on
      days 1 and 3, and group E was given 1200 mg metronidazole once daily for five
      days. At follow up examination four weeks from the start of treatment, patients
      in groups D and E showed the best clinical results with cure rates of 94.0% and
      93.6% respectively. In addition the rate of reisolation of Gardnerella vaginalis
      was lowest in group D. We therefore recommend metronidazole 2000 mg on days 1 and
      3 as routine treatment for non-specific or vaginitis associated with gardnerella.

PMID- 6375806
TI  - Reproductive activity of the cow in the post-partum period. II. Endocrine
      patterns and induction of ovulation.

PMID- 6375805
TI  - Treatment of herpes genitalis with carbenoxolone and cicloxolone creams: a double
      blind placebo controlled clinical trial.
AB  - preliminary results in vitro have indicated that carbenoxolone and analogues
      possessed activity against herpes viruses. We undertook a double blind clinical
      study to compare the efficacy of carbenoxolone and cicloxolone creams with
      placebo in initial and recurrent herpes genitalis. Seventy-nine patients (21 of
      whom were entered in the trial more than once) received 105 courses of treatment,
      83 of which were suitable for life table analysis. There were significant
      differences in the time to disappearance of pain (p = 0.044) and the healing of
      lesions (p = 0.023) in favour of cicloxolone compared with placebo. Carbenoxolone
      showed some beneficial effect compared with placebo, but this was not
      significant. Results on day 5 were similar. The only adverse reaction was mild
      erythema with irritation in one patient in each treatment group. We conclude that
      further trials with more extensive virological investigation are indicated to
      confirm the beneficial effect of cicloxolone.

PMID- 6375807
TI  - Further studies on the variation among cows, bulls and calves in the ability of
      their blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes to kill Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 6375808
TI  - Glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein in Muller glia. Immunofluorescence study of
      the goldfish retina.
AB  - Glial fibrillary acidic protein, the subunit of intermediate filaments specific
      for astrocytes, was localized by immunofluorescence in the Muller glia of
      goldfish retina. Based on previous studies reporting the localization in Muller
      glia of carbonic anhydrase C, an oligodendrocyte marker, we suggest that the main
      type of neuroglia in the retina combines properties which in the brain are
      specific for astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.

PMID- 6375809
TI  - Effects of dehydration and renin on vasopressin concentration in the subfornical
      organ area.
AB  - The subfornical organ (SFO), one of the brain circumventricular organs, contains
      immuno-reactive arginine-vasopressin (AVP). AVP in the SFO area may originate in
      neurons of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system. If AVP in the SFO area is
      part of the magnocellular neuroendocrine system and is important in the
      regulation of hydration, then its concentration [(]) should change during
      prolonged dehydration. The SFO is also a target for angiotensin II when the
      peptide stimulates drinking and releases AVP from the hypothalamo
      neurohypophysial system. For these reasons, it was reasoned that hormones of the
      renin-angiotensin system may also influence [AVP] in the SFO area. To test these
      hypotheses [AVP] was measured in the SFO area, hippocampal commissure-fornix (HC
      F), neural lobe and plasma of rats after 24, 48 and 72 h of water deprivation and
      at various times after intracerebroventricular (i.v.t.) administration of 5 milli
      -Goldblatt Units of renin. Before examining the responsiveness of [AVP] in these
      brain regions to stimulation, we characterized the extraction and recovery of AVP
      from brain tissue and determined the variance of [AVP] in the SFO area and HC-F
      among different groups of animals. AVP was extracted from pooled brain tissue
      into 0.1 N HCl. The homogenate was centrifuged and AVP in the supernatant was
      quantified by radioimmunoassay either directly or after bentonite extraction. AVP
      extracted from the SFO area and HC-F displaced labelled antigen bound to antisera
      in a manner similar to that displaced by standard AVP. The recovery of AVP, added
      to the 0.1 N HCl extract and assayed directly, averaged 78-108%, whereas 51% was
      recovered after bentonite extraction. [AVP] in the SFO area from 47 or more
      groups of 2-6 organs each, averaged 16 +/- 5 pg/organ, 16 +/- 4 pg/mg wet wt, 153
      +/- 31 pg/mg protein, and was not significantly different from that contained in
      the HC-F, 10 +/- 1 pg/mg wet wt and 111 +/- 16 pg/mg protein. A frequency
      histogram of these data revealed a normal (HC-F) and skewed distribution (SFO).
      Water deprivation for 24, 48 and 72 h stimulated drinking and increased plasma
      [AVP]. The elevation in plasma [AVP] plateaued after 48 and 72 h of water
      deprivation, whereas [AVP] in the neural lobe was reduced (P less than 0.05).
      Water deprivation increased [AVP] in the HC-F (control vs 72 h water
      deprivation), but did not alter hormone in the SFO area when expressed as pg/mg
      protein or pg/mg wet wt.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6375810
TI  - Localization of immunoreactive enkephalins in GABA synthesizing neurons of the
      rat neostriatum.
AB  - The localization of immunoreactive glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and
      enkephalin-like immunoreactivity was examined in serial, 4-micron frozen sections
      of the caudate nucleus from rats pretreated with colchicine. Colocalization was
      found in numerous caudate neurons of medium size. Cell counts of corresponding
      labeled neurons in paired adjacent sections showed that GAD and enkephalin-like
      immunoreactivity coexist in about one half of the caudate cell populations
      containing each of these substances.

PMID- 6375811
TI  - Hypothalamically-induced insulin release and its potentiation during oral and
      intravenous glucose loads.
AB  - Male Wistar rats were provided with bilateral cannulas in the lateral
      hypothalamic area (LHA) and cannulas in the left and right jugular vein. Freely
      moving rats provided in this way with cannulas were infused with transmitters in
      the LHA and with various substances in the blood circulation during simultaneous
      sampling of blood without disturbing the animals. Infusion of norepinephrine (NE)
      in the LHA resulted in increased insulin levels while plasma glucagon and blood
      glucose were nearly not affected. This LHA mediated insulin release was
      suppressed by atropine injection in the blood circulation suggesting a vagal
      contribution to the observed phenomenon. Administration of either an oral or i.v.
      glucose load during noradrenergic stimulation of the LHA elicited an exaggerated
      insulin response when compared to their controls. This LHA potentiated insulin
      response during an oral and i.v. glucose load could be suppressed by
      atropinization of the rats. It is concluded that meal-related stimuli are relayed
      to the NE-stimulated area of the LHA and that these stimuli modulate the output
      from this area of the LHA that is concerned with the release of insulin.

PMID- 6375812
TI  - Structural and functional links between olfactory and reproductive systems:
      puberty-related changes in olfactory epithelium.
AB  - The structural and functional link between olfactory reproductive systems in male
      and female platyfish (Xiphophorus maculatus) is demonstrated by the connection of
      receptors in the nasal epithelium to a center in the brain that has a primary
      role in the development and functioning of the reproductive system. Profound
      morphological changes occur in the nasal epithelium, and LH-RH content increases
      in tracts of the olfactory lobe, at specific stages of sexual maturation and not
      according to chronological age. Our study provides new insight into the
      development of the mechanisms by which chemical environmental cues are received.

PMID- 6375813
TI  - Dissociation of limbic structures by pharmacological effects of diazepam on
      electrical self-stimulation in the mouse.
AB  - The effect of diazepam was tested on self-stimulation (SS) in 21 mice implanted
      with a bipolar electrode in the lateral hypothalamus (LH), the dorsolateral
      hippocampus (HPC) or the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC). Diazepam, injected i.p.
      in doses of 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg, significantly increased SS rates with electrodes
      in LH while 4 and 8 mg/kg of diazepam had no significant effect. At low doses,
      similar increases were seen in mice with LEC electrodes but high doses produced a
      significant suppression. HPC animals showed an almost total suppression of SS
      beginning at 2 mg/kg of diazepam; lower doses had no significant effect. The
      results indicate that entorhinal and hippocampal SS are at least partly
      independent phenomena; in addition, the suppression of SS by moderate doses of
      diazepam remains specific to the HPC among the brain structures studied to date.

PMID- 6375814
TI  - Light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry of neurotensin-like
      immunoreactive neurons in the rat hypothalamus.
AB  - Neurotensin-like immunoreactive neuronal perikarya, fibers and terminals in the
      rat hypothalamus, particularly in the arcuate nucleus, the paraventricular
      nucleus and the median eminence, were investigated by light and electron
      microscopic immunocytochemistry. The main distributional areas of immunoreactive
      neuronal perikarya were found to be the arcuate nucleus, the periventricular
      nucleus and the paraventricular nucleus by light microscopic immunocytochemistry.
      Immunoreactive neuronal perikarya showed a characteristic distributional pattern
      in the arcuate nucleus. In the paraventricular nucleus they were distributed in
      both the magnocellular and parvocellular portions. A large number of
      immunoreactive terminals were observed throughout the external layer of the
      median eminence, particularly its lateral portion. A moderate number of
      immunoreactive terminals were also observed in the internal layer of the median
      eminence. By electron microscopic immunocytochemistry immunoreactive neuronal
      perikarya both in the arcuate and paraventricular nuclei showed generally well
      developed cell organelles such as mitochondria, r-ER, and Golgi complex. In
      addition, immunoreactive dense granules were dispersed throughout the perikarya.
      A large number of immunoreactive terminals containing immunoreactive dense
      granules, clear vesicles and mitochondria were observed in the vicinity of
      pericapillary spaces of the external layer of the median eminence. This
      observation strongly suggests that neurotensin-like immunoreactive substance is
      released into the portal capillaries.

PMID- 6375815
TI  - Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in spinal cord of postnatal rat. An
      immunoperoxidase study in semithin sections.
AB  - The presence and distribution of gliofibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was studied
      in the postnatal spinal cord of the rat. On birth GFAP can be seen in astrocytic
      bodies and their processes of ventral columns; perivascular glial membrane was
      initially seen within white and gray matter; most of the fibers were
      transversally oriented. There are many mitotic cells, some of them with GFAP in
      their cytoplasm, while others lack it, thus providing strong evidence to identify
      two cellular populations as astrocytes and, possibly, oligodendrocytes and to
      state that neuroglial cells differentiate to astrocytes before myelination
      gliosis. The glia limitans membrane is continuous from the 5th day onwards and in
      17-day-old animals the astrocytic framework of the spinal cord has reached its
      adult appearance.

PMID- 6375816
TI  - Man and medicine on Mendip.

PMID- 6375817
TI  - Gilbert White: medical and social aspects of his letters.

PMID- 6375818
TI  - Surgeons and surgery in Victorian Yeovil.

PMID- 6375819
TI  - [Syphilis in 1983 and its problems].

PMID- 6375820
TI  - [Explicit and general labeling of alcohol content].

PMID- 6375821
TI  - Significance of changes in serum complement components in Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 6375822
TI  - Oncogenes and cancer: the p21 ras genes.

PMID- 6375823
TI  - Localized renal aspergillosis with hairy cell leukemia: a review of urinary tract
      aspergillosis in malignant and nonmalignant conditions.
AB  - A case of extensive unilateral renal aspergillosis in a man with hairy cell
      leukemia is described. This case report is unique because of the long duration of
      the infection that is more characteristic of patients without malignancy. The
      degree of unilateral renal involvement found, which included invasion of kidney
      parenchyma, is uncommon in patients with malignancy. Such patients typically have
      diffuse disseminated disease with microabscesses. The literature on urinary tract
      aspergillosis in patients with and without underlying malignancy is reviewed.

PMID- 6375824
TI  - Interviews can be positive.

PMID- 6375825
TI  - Inflation and your money.

PMID- 6375826
TI  - Can basic research affect the clinical treatment of dental caries in the future?

PMID- 6375827
TI  - Transposition of teeth.

PMID- 6375828
TI  - An effective elixir for behavioural modification of the child dental patient.

PMID- 6375830
TI  - Violation of surgical principles in periodontal flap surgery--its consequences.

PMID- 6375829
TI  - Oral complications of cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 6375831
TI  - [Incorrect use of electrosurgery: correction using a pedicled graft].

PMID- 6375832
TI  - The confessions of a dental phobic (practise what you preach).

PMID- 6375833
TI  - Why study the normal physiology of the periodontium?

PMID- 6375834
TI  - Acute exacerbation in chronic periodontal disease.

PMID- 6375835
TI  - Pathogenesis of periodontal disease: new concepts.

PMID- 6375836
TI  - Ektaspeed and a screen/film system compared with Ultra-Speed in the
      interpretation of early proximal caries.

PMID- 6375837
TI  - Precise selective anaesthesia using a pressure syringe.

PMID- 6375838
TI  - Mechanism of antibody stimulation of hexose transport in rat myoblasts.
AB  - We have recently demonstrated that exposure of rat myoblasts to anti-rat myoblast
      antiserum results in two- to three-fold activation of hexose transport. The
      present communication reports the possible mechanism(s) by which specific
      antibody can bring about such activation. Studies with Fab and Fc fragments
      indicate that the binding of Fab to specific cell surface component(s) is not
      sufficient to trigger activation of hexose transport; the immunoglobulin G (IgG)
      mediated dimerization of membrane components is required for this process.
      Although cytochalasin D has no effect on hexose transport in control and antibody
      treated cells, pretreatment of cells with this inhibitor prevents antibody
      mediated activation of hexose transport. It may be inferred from this observation
      that proper disposition of membrane components is required for the dimerization
      of membrane receptors. Since this activation of hexose transport is an
      irreversible process, it is possible that covalent modification of membrane
      components may have occurred as a result of antibody treatment. Pretreatment of
      cells with ammonium chloride or methylamine is found to abolish the antibody
      mediated activation of hexose transport, even though these inhibitors have no
      effect on hexose transport in control and antibody-treated cells. These
      inhibitors may be acting on transglutaminase and (or) on some other proteins
      involved in the activation process. Several lines of evidence suggest that
      limited proteolytic cleavage of membrane components may be involved in the
      antibody-mediated activation of hexose transport. First, pretreatment with
      several protease inhibitors prevents activation of hexose transport. Second,
      several cell surface proteins are missing in antibody-treated cells. Third,
      limited proteolysis of cell surface proteins with trypsin can also bring about
      activation of hexose transport. In view of the fact that proteolytic activity
      cannot be detected in various IgG and serum preparations, it seems likely that
      endogenous membrane associated proteases may be involved in this activation
      process.

PMID- 6375839
TI  - Effect of temperature on transition and transversion mutagenesis:
      characterization of wild type and a mutator T4 DNA polymerase mutant.
AB  - The effect of temperature on genetically well-defined mutational pathways was
      examined in the bacteriophage T4. The mutational site was a T4 rII ochre mutant
      which could revert to rII+ via a transversion or to the amber convertant via a
      transition. Temperature did not strongly affect any of the pathways examined in a
      wild-type background; however, increased temperature reduced the mutational
      activity of a mutator DNA polymerase mutant. Possible models to explain the role
      of temperature in mutagenesis are discussed as well as the significance of low
      temperatures for in vitro mutagenesis reactions.

PMID- 6375840
TI  - Treatment of herpes simplex keratitis: comparison of acyclovir and vidarabine.
AB  - At three university centres 66 patients presenting with herpetic dendritic or
      geographic ulcers participated in a double-blind comparative study of 3%
      acyclovir and 3% vidarabine ointment. There was healing in 31 (97%) of the 32
      patients treated with acyclovir, in a mean time of 6.3 days, and in 30 (88%) of
      the 34 treated with vidarabine, in a mean time of 7.1 days. The two medications
      were statistically equally effective, no difference being demonstrated in the
      healing rate, in the frequency of punctate epithelial keratitis or stromal
      keratitis, or in the final visual acuity.

PMID- 6375841
TI  - Ocular distribution of sodium pentobarbital after injection of lethal and
      anesthetic doses and after transfer via corneal grafting.
AB  - The distribution of sodium pentobarbital in the eye after lethal and anesthetic
      doses and the possibility of the drug's transfer via corneal grafting were
      studied in rabbits. The drug was found in all the ocular tissues and humours
      following the intravenous injection of a single lethal (60 mg/kg) or anesthetic
      (30 mg/kg) dose, and it was still present 24 hours after the anesthetic
      injection. In both instances the largest quantity was found in the cornea. After
      grafting of corneal tissue containing pentobarbital the drug dispersed into the
      recipients' corneas and other ocular tissues. In-vitro studies showed that 250
      micrograms of the drug per millilitre of incubation medium reduced the rate of
      growth of the corneal fibroblasts to 50%, and 300 micrograms/mL reduced their
      protein synthesis to 66%. Calculations showed that these concentrations could be
      reached in the cornea or the aqueous humour in vivo following either the lethal
      or the anesthetic injection of the drug.

PMID- 6375842
TI  - The adrenal paraneurone: tubulin organization.
AB  - When chromaffin cells from the bovine adrenal medulla are maintained in culture,
      they develop neuritelike processes which end with growth-cone-like structures.
      Chromaffin granules were found to migrate from the cell body to the neurite
      endings. Thus, the intracellular transport of secretory granules, existing in
      vivo, seems to occur in an exaggerated way in the cultured cells. These cells
      offer an excellent model for studying the mechanism of transport, particularly
      the role of microtubules. By immunofluorescent staining, we observed that tubulin
      antibodies decorate a complex network visible along the neurites. Colchicine
      treatment induced the disappearance of this network followed by a return of
      granules in the cell body and a retraction of neurites. To test the presence of
      tubulin in the chromaffin granule membrane, we used two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis and a radioimmunoassay. Our results indicate that tubulin is not
      a significant component of chromaffin granules. However, binding experiments show
      that granule membranes are able to bind tubulin through high affinity binding
      sites. These results show that microtubules appear involved in neurite formation
      and probably in granule transport. Tubulin is not an integral constituent of the
      granule membrane, but is present as a result of a reversible specific binding.
      This insertion of tubulin into the membrane might represent a step in the
      association between microtubules and secretory granules.

PMID- 6375843
TI  - Calcium antagonists, cerebral ischemia and vasospasm.
AB  - The past fifteen years has seen the classification of diverse substances into a
      group known as calcium antagonists (CAs). They have a common ability to reduce
      the transmembrane transport of extracellular calcium ions (CAe2+). This flow of
      calcium into vascular smooth muscle is ultimately associated with the development
      of tension and vasoconstriction. Some CAs appear to have a predilection for
      cerebral as opposed to systemic arteries and so may function as specific cerebral
      arterial vasodilators. It has been proposed that they might be useful in certain
      types of cerebral ischemia such as that due to arterial occlusion or prolonged
      vasoconstriction. Animal experiments and initial clinical trials give grounds for
      cautious optimism that CAs may become as useful in neurology as they have
      recently become in cardiology.

PMID- 6375844
TI  - Clinicopathological conference. Carcinoma of the pituitary gland with metastases
      to bone.
AB  - The diagnosis of extracranial metastases from a pituitary tumor was confirmed by
      the use of the immunoperoxidase technique. This is believed to be the first case
      of carcinoma of the pituitary gland with bony metastases where the diagnosis has
      been confirmed in that manner.

PMID- 6375846
TI  - Mechanical ventilation in adults with severe asthma.

PMID- 6375847
TI  - The continuing South African controversy.

PMID- 6375845
TI  - Misleading biochemical laboratory test results.
AB  - This article reviews the general and specific factors that interfere with the
      performance of common biochemical laboratory tests and the interpretation of
      their results. The clinical status of the patient, drug interactions, and in-vivo
      and in-vitro biochemical interactions and changes may alter the results obtained
      from biochemical analysis of blood constituents. Failure to recognize invalid
      laboratory test results may lead to injudicious and dangerous management of
      patients.

PMID- 6375848
TI  - Prevention of atopy--current concepts and personal experience.

PMID- 6375849
TI  - A study of 100 infants and young children with cow's milk allergy.

PMID- 6375850
TI  - Prophylaxis for atopic disease: role of infant feeding.

PMID- 6375852
TI  - Treatment of urothelial tumors of the upper urinary tract by nephroureterectomy,
      renal autotransplantation, and pyelocystostomy.
AB  - Nephroureterectomy, renal autotransplantation, and pyelocystostomy have been
      performed in eight patients with urothelial tumors of the upper urinary tract.
      One patient had tumors in a solitary kidney, two patients had bilateral tumors,
      and five patients had unilateral tumors. Three patients have had recurrent
      calyceal tumors which were successively managed by the transurethral route. In
      one patient the kidney had to be removed after 4.5 years because of infiltrating
      tumor recurrence. Two patients died; the renal pelvis of the graft was tumor free
      at autopsy in both cases. The other five patients are alive and free from tumor
      recurrence. The procedure implies increased radicality compared with conventional
      conservative treatment and simplified follow-up. It may be considered in patients
      with bilateral tumors or tumors of a solitary kidney, and in selected patients
      with unilateral low-grade, low-stage tumors.

PMID- 6375851
TI  - Atopic allergy in relation to cell-mediated immunity.

PMID- 6375853
TI  - A phase II trial of teniposide (VM 26) in advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, with
      emphasis on the treatment of elderly patients.
AB  - Fifty-four patients entered a phase II trial of teniposide (VM 26) in Stage III
      (35 patients) and stage IV (19 patients) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) classified
      according to modified Rappaport system. The median age was 71 years (range, 19
      85). Thirty-two patients were previously treated at least with combination
      chemotherapy and radiotherapy, whereas 22 were elderly (range, 70-85 years)
      untreated patients with a median Karnofsky score of 70. VM 26 was given by IV
      infusion at 100 mg/m2 weekly for at least 3 doses in "unfavorable" histologic
      subtypes, and for at least 6 to 9 doses in "favorable" subtypes, prior to the
      evaluation of response. The overall objective response rate was 43% in the 51
      evaluable patients. The median duration of the 12 complete responses (CRs) was 7+
      months (26+ to 2). According to the histology, VM 26 was very effective in the
      six patients with diffuse "histiocytic" (DH) subtype (four CRs, one partial
      response [PR]), and in the 8 patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) (two CRs, two
      PRs). Diffuse lymphocytic poorly differentiated and lymphoblastic NHL were less
      sensitive subtypes to VM 26. Among the 20 evaluable elderly patients a 50%
      objective response rate was obtained with five CRs. Four CRs and one PR were
      obtained in the five patients with DH subtype; no response was obtained in the
      only patient with MF. Toxicity, usually hematologic, was mild, even in elderly
      patients; neurotoxicity occurred in four instances. VM 26 seemed to be an
      effective and well-tolerated drug in advanced NHL; this drug should be further
      evaluated as first line chemotherapy in elderly (greater than or equal to 70
      years) previously untreated patients with poor general conditions and DH
      histology.

PMID- 6375854
TI  - Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Phase I-II study on fast neutron teletherapy for
      carcinoma of the bladder.
AB  - From June 1977 through March 1981, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group sponsored
      a Phase I-II study (RTOG 77-05) on the use of fast neutrons for treating
      carcinomas of the urinary bladder. Patients entered on the study had Stage B1
      (grade III or IV histology) or Stage B2, C, or D1 (any grade histology) disease.
      Thirteen patients received preoperative mixed-beam (neutron/photon) irradiation
      to 50 photon Gy-equivalent, and in 12 of these a cystectomy was performed in 4 to
      6 weeks. The incidence of pathologic downstaging to Po was 58% in the cystectomy
      specimens. The projected survival at 30 months is 32%. Twenty-six patients were
      treated definitively with mixed-beam irradiation consisting of 50 photon Gy
      equivalent to the pelvis followed by a 20 photon Gy-equivalent boost to the
      bladder itself. Eighteen of 26 patients (69%) achieved tumor clearance at some
      time during their follow-up but 8/18 (44%) of these ultimately exhibited some
      component of local failure. The projected survival at 30 months for this group of
      patients is 34%. However, the subset of patients with Stage B or C disease had a
      projected survival at 30 months of 60%. Four patients received definitive neutron
      irradiation alone and 3/4 achieved tumor clearance at some time during their
      follow-up. Actuarial curves are presented for patient survival and duration of
      local control, and results are compared with comparably staged patients treated
      with megavoltage photon irradiation. Treatment-related morbidity is also
      discussed.

PMID- 6375855
TI  - T-cell subsets and nuclear contour index of skin-infiltrating T-cells in
      cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
AB  - Cases of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas including Sezary syndrome were used to
      evaluate nuclear contour index (NCI), nuclear cytoplasmic ratio (N/C), and
      helper/suppressor T-cell ratio. It was found that: (1) the average NCI measured
      in pan-T-cell monoclonal antibody positive cells (N = 100) is higher than that
      measured in non-T-cells (N = 100) in the same lesion; (2) NCI increased from
      erythematous stage to tumor or Sezary stage as disease process advances; (3) N/C
      was not significantly increased with disease process and did not correlate with
      NCI; (4) suppressor T-cells were significantly increased in early stages of the
      disease, whereas helper T-cells were dominant in late stage lesions; and (5) the
      majority of tumor cell infiltrating into the epidermis were helper T-cells in all
      stages. In control specimens from chronic and acute skin conditions in which
      lymphocytic infiltration is seen, cells with NCI greater than 6.5 did not exceed
      20%. It is concluded that if 25% or more cells in the lesion have NCI greater
      than 6.5 in pan-T-monoclonal antibody positive cells, the diagnosis of CTCL is
      very likely. Varying numbers of OKT6 positive cells (Langerhans' cell, thymocyte)
      were admixed in the dermis of all cases, and had no significant correlation with
      the stages.

PMID- 6375856
TI  - Plasma cell granuloma of the stomach. A report of a case associated with gastric
      cancer.
AB  - Plasma cell granuloma arose multifocally in the stomach combined with gastric
      cancer (adenocarcinoma). The immunohistochemical study demonstrated the
      polyclonal nature of the plasma cells in the former lesion, and confirmed the
      diagnosis of plasma cell granuloma.

PMID- 6375857
TI  - A reexamination of the stable category for evaluating response in patients with
      advanced prostate cancer.
AB  - Stable response to therapy in patients with advanced prostate cancer, as
      experienced in clinical trials of the National Prostatic Cancer Project (NPCP)
      has been re-examined. Data from 10 completed trials, totaling over 1300 patients,
      have been examined for survival patterns within categories of response to
      therapy. Survival patterns, for patients alive at 12 weeks, were significantly
      poorer for patients who were categorized as progressors after 12 weeks on
      treatment than for those who were categorized as stable or as partial
      regressions. Furthermore, comparisons of survival patterns for those patients who
      were categorized as stable or partial regression revealed no statistically
      significant differences between them. The concerns over the use of stable as an
      indicator of response and the problems in establishing its true meaning are
      discussed. All things considered, the use of stable is a valid means to evaluate
      the status of patients in clinical trials of treatment modalities for advanced
      cancer of the prostate.

PMID- 6375858
TI  - Characterization of prostate-tissue-directed monoclonal antibody, alpha-Pro 13.
AB  - The alpha-Pro 13-secreting hybridoma was produced by immunizing mice with an
      equal mixture of PC-3, DU145, and LNCaP established prostatic carcinoma cell
      lines. The specificity of alpha-Pro 13 monoclonal antibody was evaluated by the
      criteria of differential binding to cultured cells; differential binding to
      extracts of malignant prostate, nonmalignant prostate, and malignant and
      nonmalignant tissues of various histiotypes in solid phase radioimmunoassay; and
      by immunoperoxidase staining of primary surgical tissues of varied histiotypes.
      The data generated by multiple assay investigation indicate that alpha-Pro 13
      exhibits preferential binding to the ductal epithelium of prostate tissue;
      immunoperoxidase evaluation indicates a considerable heterogeneity of staining of
      ductal epithelial cells. The most prevalent cross-reactivity of alpha-Pro 13
      monoclonal antibody with non-prostate tissue occurs with blood vessel endothelium
      of restricted tissues. Electrophoretic analysis of immunoprecipitates from
      radioiodinated prostatic tumor extracts indicates that the molecule recognized by
      alpha-Pro 13 is of 120,000 dalton apparent nonreduced molecular weight. Under
      reducing conditions, the antigen (p40) consists of a major component of 40,000
      dalton apparent MW and a minor component of 17,000 dalton MW. p40 has an
      isoelectric point of 3.5-4.5. The antigen is intrinsically stable on the PC-3
      cell surface; its release into spent culture medium is negligible. p40 is also
      stable upon complexation with alpha-Pro 13 antibody in that it is not shed from
      the cell surface as an immune complex nor is it endocytosed to any extent as an
      immune complex.

PMID- 6375861
TI  - Controlled-release carbidopa/levodopa in the treatment of Parkinsonism.
AB  - Controlled release carbidopa/levodopa (CSR-1) was compared to standard
      carbidopa/levodopa in a double-blind, crossover study of 20 Parkinson's disease
      patients. The most consistent finding in a variety of clinical measurements was
      the superiority of standard carbidopa/levodopa to CSR-1. Increased dosages of CSR
      1 resulted in reduced Parkinson symptoms, suggesting that a more potent
      controlled-release formulation might prove to be more efficacious than CSR-1.

PMID- 6375860
TI  - On a possible epigenetic mechanism(s) of tumor cell heterogeneity. The role of
      DNA methylation.

PMID- 6375862
TI  - Carcinogenicity of antineoplastic agents in man.
AB  - Review of the literature shows that: Anticancer drugs are in all probability
      mostly also carcinogenic. Alkylating agents such as melphalan, chlorambucil and
      cyclophosphamide seem to lead to the highest rate of second malignancies. Second
      malignancies after antitumour drugs are mostly acute leukaemias. Conditions which
      could influence the carcinogenicity of an antitumour drug are (a) its
      carcinogenic potency; (b) long-term administration; (c) the total dose used and
      (d) long-term survival of the patient. Irradiation and chemotherapy seem to have
      the greatest carcinogenic potential, e.g. in malignant lymphomas. The role of
      immunosuppression as a co-carcinogenic factor is difficult to estimate. Although
      transplant patients on anticancer drugs for immunosuppression have a higher risk
      of reticulosarcomas, but not of solid tumours, there is no evidence to suppose
      that in general immunosuppression and carcinogenicity are directly related. There
      is no reason to abandon intensive chemotherapy regimes if they lead to
      significant therapeutic results on the grounds of possible carcinogenicity of
      these drugs.

PMID- 6375859
TI  - Natural killer cells: artifact to reality: an odyssey in biology.
AB  - The biology of the natural killer cell system is being investigated by many
      different laboratories using multiple approaches. The rationale for these
      investigations is the experimental evidence that NK cells play some role in
      inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis, convey some protective immunity and may
      be operative in control of differentiation from fetal life to adulthood. Thus, a
      survey of the literature reveals a multiplicity of studies examining many of
      these potential roles for NK cells. This review will attempt to summarize some of
      the findings critical to an understanding of the role NK cells play in
      immunophysiology and in immune reactions to various diseases. Even after ten
      years of study, the whole system of 'natural' reactivity remains difficult to
      define. The evidence available would indicate that the NK system while
      incompletely understood, may be manipulated in favor of the host when threatened
      by infectious or neoplastic disorders.

PMID- 6375863
TI  - Some thoughts on resistance to cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 6375864
TI  - Chemosensitizers counteracting acquired resistance to anthracyclines and vinca
      alkaloids in vivo. A new treatment principle.

PMID- 6375865
TI  - Gene amplification and drug resistance in cultured animal cells.

PMID- 6375867
TI  - Primary dissecting aneurysms of the coronary arteries: case report and literature
      review.
AB  - We describe a case of dissecting aneurysm that occurred in a 33-year-old woman
      suffering from acute myocardial infarction, which was discovered by coronary
      angiography. Angiographic diagnosis of dissections is rare with only six such
      cases previously reported. Sixty cases in the literature are reviewed to
      ascertain the main characteristics of this rare entity. The distinct predominance
      of this disease among women, particularly post partum, suggests an hormonal
      influence on its pathogenesis.

PMID- 6375866
TI  - The systolic arterial pressure/end-systolic volume relationship in patients with
      severe left ventricular dysfunction.
AB  - Performance of the intact left ventricle is well-defined by the end-systolic
      pressure/end-systolic volume relationship that appears independent of preload and
      afterload. To determine whether noninvasive measurements of this relationship
      could distinguish normal from abnormal subjects, we evaluated the relationship
      between arterial systolic pressure (determined by cuff sphygnomanometry) and
      radionuclide estimates of end-systolic volume in 12 normal subjects and 24
      patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction. Data were acquired at rest,
      after atropine injection, and then during at least three increments of arterial
      pressure (average total increase approximately 45 mm Hg) using phenylephrine. The
      relationship between peak-systolic pressure (SP) and end-systolic volume (ESV)
      was found to be linear in all subjects (r greater than or equal to 0.91). The
      slope of this line was steeper in normal subjects than in myopathic patients (73
      +/- 21.7 vs 20.8 +/- 8.7 mm Hg/volume unit/m2, P less than 0.001) and the zero
      pressure intercept also was greater (49.8 +/- 30 mm Hg vs 27.1 +/- 44.2 mm Hg, P
      less than 0.01). Similarly, resting ejection fraction (EF) was greater in the
      normals (0.71 +/- 0.88 vs 0.21 +/- 0.07% P less than 0.001) and end-diastolic
      volume (EDV) was smaller (4.14 +/- 0.88 vs 6.58 +/- 0.65 volume units, P less
      than 0.01). Systolic pressure/end-systolic volume relationship determined by
      these noninvasive methods was linear in both patients with severely reduced
      cardiac function and normal control subjects, clearly distinguishing normal from
      severely impaired left ventricles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6375868
TI  - Ruptured sinus of valsalva aneurysm in children: report of two cases and
      literature review.
AB  - Two children with ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm are described, each with a
      ventricular septal defect, and in one there was also an associated discrete
      subvalvular aortic stenosis. The diagnostic appearance of two-dimensional
      echocardiography and axial angiocardiography are emphasized to allow early
      diagnosis and surgical repair. A literature review of recent reports in English
      disclosed that 13 patients under age 20 had been reported to have ruptured sinus
      of Valsalva aneurysm.

PMID- 6375869
TI  - [Mikulas Franchimont of Frankenfeld. Professor at the medical school of Charles
      University].

PMID- 6375870
TI  - A comparison of low and high dose-rate radiation for recipient mice in spleen
      colony studies.
AB  - Over the last 15 years, endogenous spleen-colony formation in our mice, following
      lethal irradiation, has increased to an unacceptable level. It has been found
      necessary, therefore, to introduce a new method of preparing recipient mice for
      spleen-colony studies. Irradiation with low dose-rate 60Cobalt gamma rays has
      been compared with high dose-rate linear accelerator electrons, and their effects
      on endogenous spleen colony formation compared with earlier X and gamma ray dose
      response data. It was found that a large dose (13.5 Gy) of gamma rays results in
      fewer endogenous colonies than 8.5 Gy of electrons, yet because of its low dose
      rate (14.1 X 10(-3) Gy/min) it has a marked sparing of the intestinal tissue as
      measured by the intestinal microcolony technique. This in turn permits better
      survival and, therefore, a 'healthier' animal for spleen-colony work. Exogenous
      colony formation is also lower in the low dose-rate, gamma-irradiated recipients
      and this is shown to be due to a reduced spleen-seeding efficiency. It is
      concluded that very low dose-rate radiation is preferable for haemopoietic
      ablation, that a mouse colony requires constant monitoring for changes of
      endogenous spleen-colony formation and that the spleen-seeding efficiency of CFU
      s depends on the irradiation technique used--there is no absolute value for a
      given strain of mouse.

PMID- 6375871
TI  - Regulation of haemopoietic stem-cell proliferation in mice carrying the Slj
      allele.
AB  - We investigated a haemopoietic stromal defect, in mice heterozygous for the Slj
      allele, during haemopoietic stress induced by treatment with bacterial
      lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or lethal total body irradiation (TBI) and bone-marrow
      cell (BMC) reconstitution. Both treatments resulted in a comparable haemopoietic
      stem cell (CFU-s) proliferation in Slj/+ and +/+ haemopoietic organs. There was
      no difference in committed haemopoietic progenitor cell (BFU-e and CFU-G/M)
      kinetics after TBI and +/+ bone-marrow transplantation in Slj/+ and +/+ mice. The
      Slj/+ mice were deficient in their ability to support macroscopic spleen colony
      formation (65% of +/+ controls) as measured at 7 and 10 days after BMC
      transplantation. However, the Slj/+ spleen colonies contained the same number of
      BFU-E and CFU-G/M as colonies from +/+ spleens, while their CFU-s content was
      increased. On day 10 post-transplantation, the macroscopic 'missing' colonies
      could be detected at the microscopic level. These small colonies contained far
      fewer CFU-s than the macroscopic detectable colonies. Analysis of CFU-s
      proliferation-inducing activities in control and post-LPS sera revealed that
      Slj/+ mice are normal in their ability to produce and to respond to humoral stem
      cell regulators. We postulate that Slj/+ mice have a normal number of splenic
      stromal 'niches' for colony formation. However, 35% of these niches is defective
      in its proliferative support.

PMID- 6375872
TI  - The effects of serum immunoglobulins on the metachronal coordination of the
      lateral cilia of Mytilus edulis.
AB  - Human IgM and a bovine, IgM-enriched serum fraction isolated from normal adult
      serum at concentrations of 0.25-1 mg/ml protein induced a pronounced increase in
      the metachronal wavelength of the lateral (L) cilia of the sea mussel Mytilus
      edulis without altering their beat frequency. This change in activity was
      indistinguishable from that induced by 50% adult human or bovine serum. At
      protein concentrations ranging from 1-9 mg/ml, human IgG or a bovine, IgG
      enriched serum fraction had no or little effect on the activity of the L cilia.
      Similarly, neither monomeric (8S) human IgM (0.25 mg/ml) nor monospecific
      pentameric IgM (1 mg/ml) isolated from Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia patients
      altered the metachrony of the L cilia. Indirect immunofluorescence demonstrated
      that both bovine and human IgM became attached almost exclusively to the L cilia,
      while very little bovine or human IgG was found to associate with these cilia.
      The results of this study suggest that serum IgM specifically binds to the L
      cilia of Mytilus in an antigen-antibody manner and agglutinates adjacent cilia
      into blocks or bundles, thereby increasing the coupling between cilia. As a
      result, the wavelength of the metachronal coordination is increased. The origin
      of these ciliary antibodies and their significance to ciliary bioassays used to
      monitor serum for the detection of cystic fibrosis are discussed.

PMID- 6375873
TI  - Effervescent metoclopramide and aspirin (Migravess) versus effervescent aspirin
      or placebo for migraine attacks: a double-blind study.
AB  - Aspirin 650 mg and metoclopramide 10 mg in an effervescent preparation
      (Migravess) were compared with effervescent aspirin 650 mg (Alka-Seltzer) and
      placebo for common migraine attacks with a double-blind cross-over design. One
      hundred and eighteen patients with common migraine were entered. Eighty-five
      patients completed all three forms of treatment, eleven completed two, and six
      completed one. Medicine was taken when patients were sure they had a migraine
      attack and not just interval headache. After each form of treatment, they mailed
      a report form to the investigators. Additional medication was allowed after 2 h
      and was taken for 79/95 placebo treated attacks, 63/92 Migravess treated attacks,
      and 51/86 aspirin treated attacks (p less than 0.01). Aspirin was significantly
      better than placebo for pain but not quite significant for nausea. Migravess was
      significantly better than placebo for pain and for nausea. There was no
      significant difference between aspirin and Migravess with regard to analgesic
      effectiveness (p = 0.33) or to antinausea effect (p = 0.18).

PMID- 6375874
TI  - Dopamine blockade with domperidone: bridge between prophylactic and abortive
      treatment of migraine? A dose-finding study.
AB  - The feasibility of a "last moment" prevention of migraine with the selective
      dopamine receptor blocker domperidone (Motilium) was evaluated in patients who
      experience typical, but minor prodromes several hours before the attack.
      Following a previous placebo-controlled trial, a dose-response study was done. In
      a randomized, double-blind cross-over setting, oral doses of 20 mg, 30 mg or 40
      mg of domperidone were each given twice to 19 patients who were able to predict
      their attack several hours in advance. Taken at the very first appearance of the
      early warning symptoms, 20 mg, 30 mg and 40 mg prevented respectively 30%, 58%
      and 63% of the (imminent) attacks. Part of the attacks still occurring after
      domperidone, particularly after 20 mg, were reduced in severity. Irrespective of
      the dose given, the best response was observed when domperidone was taken 6 h,
      and even better, 12 h before the attack. Migraine-associated hypersensitivity of
      dopamine receptors might explain why dopamine blockade with domperidone is of
      benefit to the patient.

PMID- 6375875
TI  - [The normal periodontium in children].

PMID- 6375876
TI  - [Hyponatremic states (I. Pathophysiologic mechanisms)].

PMID- 6375877
TI  - [Monocomponent insulins in the treatment of juvenile diabetes].

PMID- 6375878
TI  - [Immunological studies of patients with vesicular diseases].

PMID- 6375879
TI  - [Prosthetic-surgical methods to increase the functional effectiveness of
      removable partial dentures].

PMID- 6375880
TI  - [Assessment of gingival exudate and its importance in the diagnosis of
      periodontitis. I].

PMID- 6375881
TI  - The protective action of glutathione on the microbial mutagenicity of the Z- and
      E-isomers of 1,3-dichloropropene.
AB  - The Z(cis)- and E(trans)-isomers of 1,3-dichloropropene (DCP), in confirmation of
      previous reports, caused dose-dependent increases in the numbers of reverse
      mutations in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 in the presence and absence of a 9000 X
      g supernatant fraction (S9) from the livers of Aroclor-treated rats. The
      relevance of these findings to mammals is uncertain, not least because of major
      differences in the metabolism of the DCPs in the microbial assay systems and in
      vivo. For example, (Z)-DCP is efficiently detoxified in mammals by the operation
      of a glutathione (GSH)-dependent S-alkyl transferase. It is possible that such
      detoxification could proceed only very slowly in the microbial assays because the
      concentrations of GSH could be severely rate-limiting even in those assays
      fortified by the addition of S9. The results obtained in the current study
      demonstrate a dramatic reduction in the microbial mutagenicity of both (Z)- and
      (E)-DCP when the concentration of GSH in the microbial assays was adjusted to a
      normal physiological concentration (5 mM). However, this protective action of GSH
      was at least as effective in the absence of S9 as in its presence, suggesting
      that it was not mediated by mammalian GSH transferase. There appears to be little
      or no GSH alkyl or aryl transferase in the cytosol of S. typhimurium TA100, but
      intracellular GSH is present at a concentration similar to that found in
      mammalian cells. Since the uncatalysed reaction between the DCPs and glutathione
      is relatively slow, the effect is not due simply to their destruction by GSH. It
      is possible that a physiological concentration of extracellular GSH maintains the
      intracellular GSH in a reduced form in which its nucleophilic thiol group
      competes effectively with the nucleophilic centres in the bacterial DNA for the
      haloalkenes. The current results highlight the efficiency of GSH-linked systems
      in affording protection against the genotoxic action of the DCPs. It may be
      presumed that their operation would exert a major limiting effect on the
      genotoxicity of (Z)- and (E)-DCP in mammals.

PMID- 6375882
TI  - Synthesis of dl-9(O)-methanoprostaglandin-I1.

PMID- 6375883
TI  - [Abdominal complications of ventriculo-peritoneal shunts in children. 65 cases].
AB  - From 1971 to 1982, among 1 200 children with hydrocephalus cured by ventriculo
      peritoneal shunt, 65 have presented an abdominal complication. Some of them are
      rare and easily explainable: 2 intra-operative viscus perforations, 1 intestinal
      obstruction, 3 extrusions of the catheter into an inguinal hernia. Also rare,
      C.S.F. ascites (5 cases) et C.S.F. pseudocysts (3 cases) presented with typical
      symptomatology easily diagnosed, but their etiology is not clear. The main
      complications are peritonitis without perforation (32 cases) and migrations of
      the catheter in the colon (19 cases): their etiology is an intra-operative
      bacterial contamination, they happen during the following weeks or months after
      the shunt procedure. They are associated with 8 among 9 deaths of our data by
      gram negative germ meningitis. Removal of the peritoneal catheter and temporary
      external shunt are their main treatment.

PMID- 6375885
TI  - Immunodiagnosis simplified: memorandum from a WHO meeting.
AB  - Technologies suitable for the development of simplified immunodiagnostic tests
      were reviewed by a Working Group of the WHO Advisory Committee on Medical
      Research in Geneva in June 1983. They included agglutination tests and use of
      artificial particles coated with immunoglobulins, direct visual detection of
      antigen-antibody reactions, enzyme-immunoassays, and immunofluorescence and
      fluoroimmunoassays. The use of monoclonal antibodies in immunodiagnosis and of
      DNA/RNA probes to identify viruses was also discussed in detail. The need for
      applicability of these tests at three levels, i.e., field conditions (or primary
      health care level), local laboratories, and central laboratories, was discussed
      and their use at the field level was emphasized.

PMID- 6375884
TI  - [Hand burns in children. Retrospective study of 137 cases from 1973-1982
      representing 177 hands].
AB  - One hundred and seventy seven burnt hands observed in children during the last
      ten years were reviewed at our hospital. One third were severely injured with
      burns deeper than 2nd degree. The infrequent greasy occlusive dressing was
      performed under general anesthesia in 87% of the burnt hands as the primary
      treatment. Out of 19 cases, five necessitated a secondary procedure one year or
      more later. Excision followed by full thickness skin grafts or flaps was used
      initially in 11%. Besides the common sequelae of burnt hands, we found some
      proper to children: clinodactyly, inhibition of longitudinal growth following
      epiphyseal plate destruction. The annual increase in the observed number of cases
      which doubled in ten years, shows the importance of prevention.

PMID- 6375886
TI  - Viral diagnoses using the rapid immunofluorescence technique and epidemiological
      implications of acute respiratory infections among children in different European
      countries.
AB  - From November 1978 to October 1981, a total of 7716 specimens of nasopharyngeal
      secretions were examined by the rapid immunofluorescence technique to determine
      the frequency of infections caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV),
      influenza virus A, and parainfluenza viruses 1 and 3. The tests were carried out
      in six different virus laboratories located in Newcastle upon Tyne (England),
      Copenhagen, Oslo, Stockholm, Turku (Finland), and Vienna; laboratories in Lisbon
      and Paris participated in the study for shorter periods. The specimens were
      collected from infants and children less than 6 years of age who had been
      admitted to hospital with an acute respiratory infection. Standardized techniques
      and quality controlled reagents were used. At least one of the above viruses was
      detected in 1927 (25%) of the specimens: RSV in 1475, influenza virus A in 123,
      parainfluenza virus 1 in 110, and parainfluenza virus 3 in 237 specimens.
      Respiratory syncytial virus dominated in all centres, but in some Scandinavian
      centres distinct outbreaks due to this virus occurred only once or twice during
      the 3 years' study period. Three outbreaks of RSV were observed in Newcastle, but
      here an unprecedented delay of the first winter's epidemic occurred. The delay
      was associated with prolonged school closures in the area, and with a very early
      outbreak of influenza. Parainfluenza virus 3, which was predominantly a summer
      virus in Newcastle, was most frequently encountered during the colder months of
      the year in the other centres.

PMID- 6375887
TI  - Detection and quantification of mitoxantrone in human organs. A case report.

PMID- 6375888
TI  - Interactions of granulocytes with the lungs.
AB  - Under normal conditions, there is a sizeable pool of marginated granulocytes in
      the lung circulation which is in dynamic equilibrium with the circulating
      granulocyte pool. The number of granulocytes in the lungs' microcirculation may
      depend on pulmonary blood flow or biochemical interactions between granulocytes
      and pulmonary vascular endothelium, or both. There is some evidence that normal
      lung function may be affected by granulocytes. Several acute and chronic diseases
      may result, at least in part, from interactions of granulocytes with the lungs.
      Acute diffuse lung injury (adult respiratory distress syndrome) is characterized
      by diffuse pulmonary inflammation, and, in animal models, some of the lung
      dysfunction depends on the presence of granulocytes. Bronchoconstriction and
      airway hyperreactivity, characteristic of asthma, may be influenced by
      granulocyte-generated products of arachidonic acid. Granulocyte-derived proteases
      and oxidants may contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema and may
      affect connective tissue synthesis in interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. There is
      some evidence suggesting a connection between granulocytes and chronic pulmonary
      hypertension. The fact that some interventions which cause pulmonary leukostasis
      do not cause severe, persistent lung injury indicates that as yet unknown factors
      may determine whether interactions of granulocytes with the lungs are benign or
      pathological. Such factors could include the generation of humoral substances,
      and metabolites of arachidonic acid are particularly interesting in this regard.
      Research related to interactions of granulocytes with the lungs suggests strongly
      that such interactions are integral to the pathogenesis of several lung diseases.
      Understanding those diseases will require further basic studies of granulocyte
      behavior and the modes of communication between cells intrinsic to the lung and
      granulocytes.

PMID- 6375890
TI  - A controlled trial of hyposensitization with adsorbed tyrosine Dermatophagoides
      pteronyssinus antigen in childhood asthma: in vivo aspects.
AB  - Continuing study for a second year and further analysis of a double-blind placebo
      controlled trial, already briefly reported, of injections of tyrosine-adsorbed,
      glutaraldehyde-modified Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus antigen in fifty-one
      children with perennial asthma and positive bronchial challenge to the antigen,
      confirms that the patients receiving the treatment reduced their symptomatic
      medication more than controls, without deterioration of symptoms. Some became
      symptom-free, when off all treatment. A double-blind placebo controlled trial of
      continuing treatment for a second year gave evidence of deterioration when the
      treatment was stopped. Within the treatment group, the improvement was associated
      with loss of late (6 hr) reaction to bronchial provocation with the antigen, but
      was not associated with change of immediate (20 min) reaction in lungs or skin.
      Those who improved in the placebo group did not lose their late reaction. There
      was a trend for similar benefit from active treatment in the control group,
      during the second year, though less than in the original active group, and only
      one lost his late reaction. Only one of the six children with very severe early
      onset asthma improved. Local reactions to either active or placebo (tyrosine)
      were seen in half the patients; these were mild and did not influence the
      treatment. Systemic symptoms occurred shortly after four active injections and
      after two placebo injections; only one patient stopped the treatment.

PMID- 6375889
TI  - Calcium-channel blockade with nifedipine and angiotensin converting-enzyme
      inhibition with captopril in the therapy of patients with severe primary
      hypertension.
AB  - Nifedipine (10 mg qid) and captopril (25 mg qid) were tested alone and in
      combination in 14 patients suffering from severe primary hypertension. Each study
      period was of 1 week's duration. Circulatory response was evaluated through
      hourly pressure and pulse rate readings. The fall in pressure after oral
      nifedipine was maximal within 1 hr or less and was generally accompanied by
      palpitation and increase in pulse rate; with a six hourly dosing regimen the
      tendency of blood pressure to recover after each dose was interrupted by the next
      dose, so that values remained significantly reduced throughout the 24 hr,
      although pressure fluctuations were evident. Promptness of the antihypertensive
      action of captopril was similar, but the magnitude and the duration of the fall
      in pressure were less pronounced. When the converting-enzyme inhibitor was
      combined with the calcium-channel blocker, pressure fluctuations were not
      abolished, but the antihypertensive response was definitely enhanced, so that
      normal blood pressure was maintained for several hours during the day. Additional
      positive effects of captopril were mitigation of the heart rate reaction and
      prevention of the ankle pitting or edema elicited by nifedipine. A balance in
      arteriolar and venular dilatation promoted by captopril is the suggested
      mechanism for these effects. With the two-drug combination the function of the
      left ventricle was not reduced and possibly improved; blood urea nitrogen and
      serum electrolyte and creatinine concentration were not affected. Plasma renin
      activity increased with captopril and reverted toward baseline with the addition
      of nifedipine, suggesting an interference of the calcium-channel blocker with the
      release of renin.

PMID- 6375891
TI  - In vitro investigations in asthmatic children undergoing hyposensitization with
      tyrosine-adsorbed Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus antigen.
AB  - Successful hyposensitization to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in perennial
      childhood asthma was associated with a slight mean rise of serum IgG antibody to
      the mite antigen in contrast to a placebo group in whom this antibody fell
      slightly. No relationship was detected between the effect on asthma and the
      magnitude of this change. Nor was there any consistent effect on IgE or IgA
      antibody. There was a wide range of total serum IgE and IgE, IgG and IgA antibody
      to D. pteronyssinus before treatment; this level did not predict the effect of
      treatment. Some patients lacked IgA antibody. IgE antibody to timothy grass
      pollen was raised in some but not others. These levels did not change
      systematically during the study and improvement occurred in those who had this
      antibody as well as IgE antibody to D. pteronyssinus. IgG and IgE antibodies to
      D. pteronyssinus were significantly correlated in the pre-treatment samples.
      Lymphocyte thymidine uptake was lower after 8 weeks of treatment than in the
      control group, not only after stimulus with D. pteronyssinus antigen, in vitro,
      but also with antigen from Candida albicans. This was not a serum effect. The
      late bronchial provocation response was lost only in those with serum IgA less
      than the log mean for age.

PMID- 6375892
TI  - Rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of IgG
      antibodies against Micropolyspora faeni and Thermoactinomyces vulgaris.
AB  - A rapid ELISA was developed for the detection of specific IgG against
      Micropolyspora faeni and Thermoactinomyces vulgaris and compared with
      counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) in twenty-seven patients with suspected
      farmer's lung disease (FLD). Seventeen patients had precipitins to M. faeni or T.
      vulgaris or both, and ten had no precipitins. The optimum conditions for each
      step in the ELISA were determined: pre-equilibration of reagents at 37 C and
      vigorous agitation during incubation enabled the total test time required for the
      procedure to be reduced to 4 hr. A serum dilution of 10-fold produced good
      differentiation between CIE-positive and -negative sera. Little correlation was
      seen between CIE and ELISA for either M. faeni or T. vulgaris antigens in tests
      with sera from patients with precipitins: high readings were often recorded in
      ELISA where no precipitins had been detected with the same antigen. Positive
      negative discrimination of unknown sera in ELISA was achieved through the
      inclusion of CIE-positive and -negative reference sera in each test run. Thirteen
      CIE-positive sera were classed as positive in ELISA with the M. faeni antigen
      while eight of thirteen CIE-positive sera were positive in ELISA with the T.
      vulgaris antigen. For both antigens, four CIE-negative sera were recorded as
      positive in ELISA.

PMID- 6375893
TI  - Immunoassay labels based on chemiluminescence and bioluminescence.
AB  - Reagents required for reactions that produce chemiluminescence (CL) or
      bioluminescence (BL) may be coupled to antibodies or antigens and used as labels
      for immunoassay. Because methods based on CL and BL have very low detection
      limits, they have the potential to replace assays that currently employ
      radioisotopes as labels. The feasibility of several BL and CL labels has been
      demonstrated. To date, isoluminol derivatives have been most widely studied.
      Several steroid assays involving isoluminol labels have been reported, and
      labelled compound has been detected at levels approaching 10(17) moles.
      Acridinium ester-labelled compounds have also been detected at this level. In
      addition to systems in which the label is a reactant required for light, CL and
      BL can be used to analyze the amount of product generated by enzyme labels. This
      approach has also yielded very low detection limits. Systems have been developed
      using enzyme labels that catalyze formation of ATP which is then assayed by the
      firefly reaction or that catalyze formation of peroxide which is determined by
      either luminol or peroxyoxalate CL.

PMID- 6375894
TI  - Physiologic and biochemical effects of exercise.

PMID- 6375895
TI  - Chemical synthesis and structure-function relationships of gastrointestinal
      peptides.

PMID- 6375896
TI  - Use of cultured human cells for biochemical analysis.
AB  - The use of cultured human cells for biochemical analysis is increasing. This
      reflects the many advantages of such cells over tissue samples: independence of
      the measurements from the biological milieu of the donor, better control of
      experimental variables and the possibility of immortalizing the patient via his
      cells. Concomitant with these advantages, however, are certain new experimental
      variables which, if not properly controlled, can yield spurious results. This
      paper describes the types of cultured human cells that are generally available
      and the basic steps involved in their culture, as well as a discussion of the
      sources of variability in biochemical measurements which can be attributed to
      cell culture.

PMID- 6375897
TI  - [A heterogeneous-phase potentiometric system for enzyme immunoassay of 17 beta
      estradiol].

PMID- 6375898
TI  - Differential immunoadsorption coupled with rate nephelometry for estimation of
      DNA-binding immunoglobulins.
AB  - We describe a technique for estimating the mass of anti-DNA antibodies by
      immunonephelometry of serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) before and after
      adsorption onto DNA bound to agarose-polylysine columns. Sixteen patients with
      systemic lupus erythematosus and 16 age- and sex-matched controls were studied.
      Precision was determined for high-value (in 10 patients) and low-value (in nine
      controls) ranges for each of the immunoglobulins. Within-run CVs ranged from 3.0%
      (IgG, controls) to 11.8% (IgA, patients); between-run CVs ranged from 15.5% (IgG,
      patients) to 25.2% (IgM, patients). We found anti-DNA antibody concentrations
      (mean +/- SD) in systemic lupus erythematosus of 1.981 +/- 1.015 g/L for IgG
      (controls: 0.243 +/- 0.231, p less than 0.001), 0.257 +/- 0.215 g/L for IgA
      (controls: 0.038 +/- 0.035, p less than 0.001), and 0.282 +/- 0.234 g/L for IgM
      (controls: 0.191 +/- 0.165, p greater than 0.05). Sensitivity and linearity are
      such that fivefold dilutions of patients' serum with either a buffered albumin
      solution or control serum yielded values close to the expected values for IgG.
      Similarly diluted sera gave inordinately high values in the radiometric binding
      assay. Neither parametric (linear regression) nor nonparametric correlation
      methods (Spearman's rank and Kendall's tau) show a significant correlation
      between patients' data obtained by the present technique and that by a
      radiometric binding assay (p greater than 0.05), although combined data from
      patients and controls demonstrate a significant nonparametric correlation (p less
      than 0.005 for Spearman's and p less than 0.02 for Kendall's).

PMID- 6375899
TI  - A kit for citrate in foodstuffs adapted for assay of serum and urine.
AB  - A kit method for rapid analysis of citrate in foodstuffs, based on use of citrate
      lyase (EC 4.1.3.6), has been adapted and evaluated for use with clinical samples.
      Membrane filters removed serum proteins, which interfere with the analysis, and
      reagent and sample volumes were decreased from those in the manufacturer's
      protocol, thereby decreasing the cost of the assay. Using gravimetrically
      prepared citrate standards, we determined that assay results varied linearly with
      concentration up to sixfold the upper reference limit for serum citrate. Intra-
      and interassay variation were within acceptable limits (CVs less than 3% and less
      than 8.5%, respectively). Kit reagents were stable for four weeks at -20 degrees
      C. Assay results were unaffected by hemolysis or other biochemical interferences.
      The method evidently provides a rapid, convenient microassay for citrate in
      clinical samples.

PMID- 6375900
TI  - Improved detection of oligoclonal IgG in cerebrospinal fluid by isoelectric
      focusing in agarose, double-antibody peroxidase labeling, and avidin-biotin
      amplification.
AB  - To demonstrate oligoclonal IgG bands (I) in unconcentrated cerebrospinal fluid,
      we used isoelectric focusing in agarose followed by protein transfer to cellulose
      nitrate membrane, double-antibody peroxidase labeling, and avidin-biotin
      amplification. I can be reliably seen after isoelectric focusing of 5-microL
      specimens containing 125 ng of IgG (25 mg/L). Thus the technique is more
      sensitive than others (e.g., silver staining) and more reliable than
      radioimmunofixation. When we used this technique with fluids from 62 patients
      with multiple sclerosis and infectious disease of the central nervous system, 84%
      displayed I, a percentage not increased when the same specimens were concentrated
      to 3.5 g of IgG per liter, examined by agarose isoelectric focusing, and stained
      with Coomassie Blue. Results for 53 patients with tension headache and
      psychoneurosis were all negative. By obviating the need to concentrate samples of
      cerebrospinal fluid the present method is a useful, sensitive alternative for
      demonstrating I.

PMID- 6375901
TI  - A new endogenous immunoenzyme assay for prostatic acid phosphatase evaluated.
AB  - I evaluated the performance of the "ORTHO PAP-IA," an endogenous immunoenzyme
      assay for prostatic acid phosphatase. The procedure is based on double-antibody
      precipitation of the antigen, followed by quantification of its enzymic activity.
      The antibodies are in large excess, to speed the reactions and minimize
      sensitivity to variations in assay conditions. Enzymic activity is measured via
      an extremely sensitive colorimetric reaction, the analytical sensitivity of which
      exceeds that of radioimmunoassay. Absorbance is linearly related to activity
      concentration up to an absorbance of 4.0, and only a single calibration standard
      is required. Within-run CV was less than 2%, between-run CV about 4%. Neither
      individual blanks nor assay in duplicate is required. All reagents, including the
      enzyme standard, are stable solutions. Results correlated well with those by a
      standard radioimmunoassay (r = 0.993, n = 38).

PMID- 6375902
TI  - LD-6 isoenzyme and lactate-independent dehydrogenase differ.

PMID- 6375903
TI  - Human plasma oxalate concentration re-examined.
AB  - In an attempt to reconcile estimates of plasma oxalate concentration by in vitro
      and in vivo assays, the in vitro radioenzymatic isotope dilution assay (REIDA)
      for plasma oxalate concentration was modified by initiating precipitation of
      calcium oxalate from plasma ultrafiltrates within one hour of phlebotomy. Plasma
      oxalate concentration form normal males was 4.0 mumol/1, consistent with reported
      values of 3.0 mumol/1 and 2.3 mumol/1 by enzymatic methods, and 2.8 mumol/1 by a
      gas chromatographic technique, and lower than 10.0 mumol/1 reported previously by
      chemical/enzymatic methods. This lower estimate of oxalate results, at least in
      part, from avoiding in vitro conversion of ultrafilterable substances to oxalate,
      and from the use of 'fire-cleaned' glassware. No difference in plasma oxalate was
      observed between age-matched, apparently healthy black and white males or with
      blood collected in the presence and absence of inhibitors of the conversion of
      glyoxalate to oxalate.

PMID- 6375904
TI  - The preparation of human intrinsic factor-cobalamin complex from human gastric
      juice by immunoadsorption.
AB  - Immune complexes of human intrinsic factor were prepared by mixing gastric juice
      saturated with vitamin B12, and sera from patients with pernicious anaemia that
      had a high proportion of binding (Type II) antibody. The complexes were isolated
      by sodium sulphate precipitation followed by Sephadex G-150 gel filtration. Acid
      conditions dissociated the immune complexes and allowed separation of specific
      antibody and purified antigen bound to vitamin B12 by Sephadex G-200 gel
      filtration. Specific antibody was covalently attached to Protein A Sepharose CL
      4B by coupling with water soluble carbodiimide which allowed intrinsic factor-B12
      complex to be purified directly from gastric juice. The intrinsic factor obtained
      after iodination, ran as a single band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      and was biologically active.

PMID- 6375905
TI  - Unusual EEG patterns in children.

PMID- 6375906
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of captopril in one-kidney, one clip hypertensive rabbits.
AB  - Hemodynamic effects of captopril were examined in chronic one-kidney, one clip
      renal hypertensive rabbits and normotensive controls either in normal sodium or
      in sodium depletion. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) of hypertensive and
      normotensive rabbits in sodium depletion did not differ from that in normal
      sodium, while plasma renin activity (PRA) was elevated by sodium depletion. The
      cardiac output of sodium depleted groups decreased slightly. The increase in
      total peripheral resistance was greater in hypertensive than in normotensive
      groups. The MAP in all groups was decreased by acute administration of captopril
      irrespective of sodium intake. The decrease in MAP in the sodium-depleted
      hypertensive group was correlated with the control values of PRA, but no
      correlation was observed in other groups. Captopril significantly reduced the
      cardiac output of the sodium-depleted hypertensive group, but not of the other
      groups. These results show that: (1) the lowering effect of captopril on arterial
      pressure is not mediated only by blocking of the renin-angiotensin system, and
      (2) the decrease in cardiac output with captopril in sodium depleted hypertensive
      rabbits is an important factor in the reduction in the arterial pressure.

PMID- 6375907
TI  - Changes of plasma renin activity by intracerebroventricular administration of
      biological active peptides in conscious rats.
AB  - We studied the effects of intracerebroventricular administration of angiotensin
      II (ANG II), bradykinin (BK), leucine-enkephalin (Leu-ENK) and neurotensin (NT)
      on plasma renin activity (PRA), blood pressure and heart rate in conscious and
      unrestrained rats. Five microliters of each peptide solution was injected into
      the lateral cerebral ventricle. These four peptides all produced pressor effects
      after intracerebroventricular injection. ANG II and NT significantly suppressed
      PRA, BK did not affect PRA, and Leu-ENK significantly increased PRA. The central
      peptidergic stimulation caused by these four peptides increased blood pressures
      in conscious rats but showed different effects on PRA.

PMID- 6375908
TI  - Ultrasound in gastroenterology.
AB  - Modern high resolution grey-scale ultrasound scanning is now making a major
      contribution to the field of diagnostic gastroenterology. The major recent
      developments in the clinical applications of the technique have been in the
      diagnosis of gall bladder disease and the differential diagnosis of jaundice.
      Most authorities now accept that ultrasound should be the primary investigative
      technique in both these conditions. Ultrasound is probably also pre-eminent in
      the diagnosis of focal liver disease, nuclear medicine scans having a very
      questionable role and CT scanning being used primarily on obese patients or those
      in which unsatisfactory ultrasound scans have been obtained for other technical
      reasons. The diagnosis of pancreatic disease has been improved considerably by
      modern radiological techniques, including ultrasound; unfortunately, the
      diagnostic improvement has not been mirrored by a therapeutic improvement. We
      must hope that earlier and more accurate diagnosis of pancreatic pathology will
      lead to more satisfactory treatment in the long term. Ultrasound certainly does
      not compete with barium studies for investigation of bowel disorders but may
      occasionally give useful information concerning bowel pathology, usually as an
      incidental finding when some other organ is examined. One of the major
      limitations of diagnostic ultrasound imaging remains its reliance on a high
      degree of operator skill and knowledge. Modern real-time scanners may appear
      deceptively easy to use but in the hands of an inexpert or untrained operator
      will almost certainly prove more of a liability than a valuable diagnostic tool.

PMID- 6375909
TI  - Non-invasive radiology. Radionuclide investigations.

PMID- 6375910
TI  - Computed tomography in gastroenterology.
AB  - Computed tomography detects mass lesions greater than 2 cm in diameter whether
      tumours, cysts, abscesses or granulomas but cannot usually distinguish between
      benign and malignant tumours or between cysts, old haemorrhage or abscess.
      Accurate localization, however, allows precise percutaneous aspiration or
      cytology. In gastroenterology it is used for disease in liver, pancreas, biliary
      system and spleen and, to a much lesser extent, in the gastrointestinal tract.
      Ultrasonography can frequently produce similar information and is much more
      readily available and cheaper. For tumour staging, CT is advantageous in showing
      all organs including soft tissues, lung, bone and subcutaneous tissue. Where
      ultrasonography fails for technical reasons, CT is invariably recommended and,
      when doubt exists as to the interpretation with ultrasonography, CT is undertaken
      (or vice versa). The management of malignant disease is improved by more accurate
      diagnosis and radiotherapy planning as well as more accurate monitoring of
      treatment with a non-invasive technique.

PMID- 6375911
TI  - Plain films: the acute abdomen.

PMID- 6375912
TI  - Double-contrast examination. Part II: Small intestine.
AB  - There is no place in modern radiological practice for the traditional 'barium
      meal and follow-through'. Selection of patients should be made and a separate and
      specific small bowel examination should be performed for known or suspected small
      bowel lesions. The choice between an oral or an intubation method will be
      influenced by many factors and both, if performed with due care and attention to
      detail, can produce good diagnostic results.

PMID- 6375913
TI  - Double-contrast examination. Part III: Colon.

PMID- 6375914
TI  - The natural history of lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 6375915
TI  - A combined immunohistological and histochemical analysis of lymphocyte and
      macrophage subpopulations in the rheumatoid nodule.
AB  - The histochemical demonstration of acid phosphatase (ACP) and adenosine
      triphosphatase (ATP) has been combined with standard immunofluorescence
      techniques, using a panel of monoclonal and conventional antibodies, to examine
      lymphocyte and macrophage subsets and their microanatomical relationships within
      the subcutaneous rheumatoid nodule (RN). This analysis reveals that the RN is
      composed largely of strongly HLA-DR+, ATP- macrophages which contain lysosomal
      enzymes (ACP) in large amounts. The lymphocytic infiltrate which is sparse and
      poorly organized is comprised almost entirely of thymus derived lymphocytes (T
      cells) with a normal proportion of helper/inducer (OKT4+) and
      suppressor/cytotoxic (OKT8+) cells. These observations are in contrast to the
      findings in the rheumatoid synovial membrane of a prevalence of interdigitating
      type, HLA-DR+ cells and the predominance of helper (OKT4+) type T cells.

PMID- 6375916
TI  - Extrathyroidal sites of autoantibody synthesis in Graves' disease.
AB  - Several potential sites of thyroid autoantibody production have been investigated
      using tissue obtained at thyroidectomy for Graves' disease. Spontaneous
      thyroglobulin and microsomal antibody synthesis was measured using a plaque
      forming cell assay or a short term culture system coupled to a direct enzyme
      linked immunoassay (ELISA); these techniques allow the evaluation of lymphocyte
      populations which have been activated in vivo. Lymphocytes from the cervical
      lymph nodes, thyroid and bone marrow all contributed to autoantibody production;
      in contrast no synthesis was demonstrated using cells obtained from the thymus or
      peripheral blood. Long term culture of the lymphocytes confirmed these findings.
      The effect of anti-thyroid treatment, with radioiodine, drugs or surgery, on
      autoantibody production in Graves' disease must be viewed in the light of these
      results.

PMID- 6375917
TI  - Immunological studies on Kawasaki disease. I. Appearance of Hanganutziu-Deicher
      antibodies.
AB  - Sera of patients with Kawasaki disease were studied for heterophile antibodies by
      means of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with enzyme conjugated antisera to human IgM,
      IgG, IgA and IgE. Antibodies of IgM (43%), IgG (3%), IgA (11%) and IgE (49%)
      classes were demonstrated that combined with high molecular weight glycoprotein
      (HMWGP) of bovine red blood cells (BRBC) one of the antigenic preparations of the
      Hanganutziu-Deicher (H-D) heterophile system. Studies on sequential sera of the
      patients revealed that HMWGP antibodies of IgM and IgE classes began to appear in
      the second week, reached their peaks in the third week of the disease and
      declined gradually thereafter. Absorption studies on the positive sera showed
      that the HMWGP antibody activities were abolished by BRBC, sheep red blood cells
      and guinea-pig kidney tissues, confirming H-D specificity of these antibodies.
      EIA inhibition studies showed that the antibody activity was inhibited by HMWGP
      and partially by asialo-HMWGP and NGNA ganglioside rich preparation of BRBC but
      not by purified Paul-Bunnell or Forssman antigens. These results indicate that
      the H-D antibodies under investigation consist of antibodies of two different
      specificities; one directed against asialo-HMWGP and the other NGNA ganglioside
      of BRBC. Circulating immune complexes (IC) were demonstrated in 23% of the
      patients by means of anti-antibody inhibition test. Evidence was presented that
      IC in the sera of five patients were composed of H-D (HMWGP) antigen and its
      corresponding antibodies.

PMID- 6375918
TI  - Distribution of B lymphocyte subsets in normal lymphoid tissue.
AB  - Using the ABC avidin-biotin peroxidase techniques and a series of monoclonal
      antibodies against B cell associated antigens, the anatomical distribution of B
      lymphocyte subsets was studied in reactive lymph node, tonsil and spleen.
      Evidence is presented for at least five major phenotypically distinct B cell
      subsets, each localized to specific compartments of peripheral lymphoid tissue.
      The possible relationship of these subsets of B lymphocytes to activation,
      maturation and function in the B cell lineage is discussed.

PMID- 6375920
TI  - Elevated beta 2-microglobulin and lysozyme levels in patients with acquired
      immune deficiency syndrome.
AB  - beta 2-Microglobulin (beta 2-M) levels in sera and urines, and lysozyme levels in
      sera, were quantitated in healthy heterosexual men and several groups of
      homosexual males. The mean beta 2-M levels in sera and urines and lysozyme levels
      in sera of healthy heterosexual and homosexual men were not significantly
      different. However, beta 2-M levels in patients with lymphadenopathy syndrome and
      AIDS were elevated. The mean beta 2-M level in sera of 11 patients with the
      lymphadenopathy syndrome was 4016 +/- 473 micrograms/l (SEM) (P less than 0.001)
      and 5409 +/- 462 micrograms/l (P less than 0.001) in 27 patients with AIDS.
      Similarly, beta 2-M levels in the urines of patients with chronic diarrheal
      syndrome, lymphadenopathy syndrome, and those meeting the CDC surveillance
      definition of AIDS were also significantly elevated (P less than 0.025). The mean
      lysozyme levels in the sera of 11 patients with the lymphadenopathy syndrome was
      16.58 +/- 0.04 microgram/ml, and in 27 patients with AIDS 15.40 +/- 1.16
      microgram/ml, compared to the mean level obtained in normal heterosexual men of
      6.67 +/- 0.42 microgram/ml (P less than 0.001). The results of this study suggest
      that measuring beta 2-M in serum and urine and lysozyme levels in serum might
      provide additional useful parameters for the evaluation of patients with AIDS and
      prodromal syndromes.

PMID- 6375919
TI  - Cord blood B cell differentiation. Synergistic effect of pokeweed mitogen and
      Staphylococcus aureus on in vitro differentiation of B cells from human neonates.
AB  - B lymphocyte differentiation into immunoglobulin secreting cells is a process
      depending on the presence of functionally mature B lymphocytes, monocytes and
      regulatory T lymphocytes. Cord blood B lymphocytes present in isolated cord blood
      mononuclear cell (MNC) preparations are normally unable to differentiate into
      immunoglobulin secreting plaque forming cells (PFC) when cultured in the presence
      of pokeweed mitogen (PWM) alone or killed Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 (SAC1)
      alone. However, each one of these activators induces PFC formation by B
      lymphocytes in adult MNC cultures. In the present study we show that these two
      activators can act synergistically to induce a significant in vitro PFC response
      in cord blood MNC's. The synergism of PWM and SAC1 exhibits a requirement for a
      specific sequence of addition in order to induce a positive response in neonatal
      cells. If both activators are not added simultaneously at the initiation of
      culture, only the initial addition of SAC1 followed by PWM will result in
      increased PFC production. The action of PWM and SAC1 on cord blood MNC can each
      be replaced by conditioned media. Supernatants from monocyte cultures containing
      soluble factors such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) can substitute for the activity of
      SAC1 while supernatants containing soluble T-cell factors (interleukin-2[IL-2], T
      cell replacing factor (TRF), B cell differentiation factor (BCDF), etc) can
      replace PWM in the cord blood MNC cultures. The results suggest that the
      synergistic effect of these two activators overcomes a partial immaturity or an
      excessive suppressor activity of human cord blood MNC.

PMID- 6375921
TI  - Evidence in advanced cancer of an activated leukocyte state to explain the
      reversible defect in transmembrane signaling and leukocyte adherence inhibition
      to extracts of cancer.
AB  - When leukocytes bind tumor antigen, a transmembrane signal induces the cascade of
      physiological changes that result in leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI).
      Leukocytes from patients with early stages of cancer exhibited transmembrane
      potential (delta psi) changes and LAI when incubated with a cancer extract of the
      same organ and histogenesis, whereas leukocytes from patients with advanced
      cancer did not. The refractoriness was reversed by transiently raising
      intracellular cyclic AMP. LAI is produced by leukotrienes and leukocytes from
      patients with advanced cancer were refractory to leukotriene-induced delta psi
      changes which was also restored by raising intracellular cyclic AMP. Moreover,
      leukocytes could be made refractory to delta psi changes: leukocytes from
      patients with early cancer when preincubated with a breast cancer extract showed
      no delta psi change with a second exposure; and leukocytes from control subjects
      preincubated with leukotrienes showed no delta psi change with a second exposure.
      The responsive population of leukocytes in LAI to either the specific cancer
      extract or leukotrienes consisted of about 35 to 42% of the adherent leukocytes.
      The responsive leukocytes in advanced cancer were already nonadherent, accounting
      for the 39% increased nonadherence with the control extract. Raising cyclic AMP
      decreased nonadherence by 39%. The results suggest that leukotrienes and other
      chemoattractants released in vivo by immune cells binding tumor antigen have
      stimulated the changes in leukocytes in advanced cancer. However, the
      unresponsiveness seems to be because of appropriate expression of physiological
      changes triggered by antigen and chemoattractant stimuli.

PMID- 6375922
TI  - Modulation of human lymphocyte functions by group A streptococci.
AB  - Intact (heat-inactivated) bacteria and isolated cellular components of pathogenic
      group A (M type 5 or 12). B. C. and G streptococci were used to evaluate the in
      vitro reactivity of mononuclear cells (MNC) from peripheral blood of healthy
      donors and from human tonsils. High doses of A-streptococcal cells, cell walls,
      and cell membranes stimulated DNA synthesis, production of leukocyte migration
      inhibitory factor (LIF), and immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion in MNC from all
      donors. A streptrococci stimulated higher proliferation rates and larger numbers
      of plaque-forming cells (PFC) in tonsil cell cultures than in blood MNC cultures.
      Polyclonal activation of both tonsil and blood B lymphocytes by A-streptococcal
      cell components was T cell and monocyte dependent, thus showing a similarity
      between these structures and pokeweed mitogen (PWM), which is a polyclonal T-cell
      activator (PTA). Cocultivation studies demonstrated that, in the presence of A
      streptococci, precultured MNC and T cells can suppress the blastogenic and PFC
      responses of autologous fresh MNC stimulated by phytomitogen or antigen, which is
      very similar to the concanavalin A (Con A)-induced activation of suppressor
      cells. In contrast, similar group B-, C-, and G-streptococcal cell envelope
      biostructures failed to activate blood or tonsil lymphocytes to proliferate,
      differentiate, or produce LIF.

PMID- 6375923
TI  - Glomerulonephritis in renal allografts: results of 18 years of transplantations.
AB  - The analysis of 1282 renal transplantations revealed 13 cases of allograft
      glomerulonephritis (GN). Membranous GN was detected in seven patients, and
      mesangiocapillary GN type 1, IgA GN and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in two
      patients each. The transplantation material included 13 patients with post
      transplant nephrotic syndrome (NS), in 9 of whom it was evidently caused by GN.
      NS was the most common clinical sign of allograft GN. In addition, one patient
      developed low-grade proteinuria and one hematuria. In one case no signs of GN
      were detected at the time of graft biopsy. Loss of allograft function was
      associated with additional severe rejection changes. Five patients are living
      with a functioning graft, four have been started on hemodialysis and four have
      died form non-renal causes. It is concluded that NS is rare after renal
      transplantation and that it is most often caused by allograft GN. The prognosis
      of the graft is determined by co-existing rejection.

PMID- 6375924
TI  - The value of autologous indium (111In)-labelled platelets in the diagnosis of
      renal transplant rejection.
AB  - Serial pelvic imaging after injection of autologous platelets labelled with 111In
      was used to study 22 consecutive patients following cadaver renal
      transplantation. Increases in isotope uptake by the allografts were observed
      during episodes of acute rejection (12/22) but not during acute tubular necrosis
      (4/22). The technique was not influenced by oliguria or hemodialysis therapy.
      Extra-renal accumulations of labelled platelets were noted in perinephric
      hematomata and deep vein thromboses.

PMID- 6375925
TI  - Pre-transplantation immunological monitoring and graft survival in recipients of
      renal allografts.
AB  - Various immunological parameters were measured pre-transplantation in 82 renal
      transplant recipients. The results were compared with the clinical course of the
      recipient post-transplantation and with the results of 40 controls. Only one test
      C3 inactivation products (C3i) was associated with transplant outcome in that
      0/30 patients with no rejection episodes had C3i whereas 9/38 patients with
      rejection episodes, including 3/12 patients whose graft failed, had C3i.

PMID- 6375926
TI  - Decreased platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin (epoprostenol) during
      hemodialysis.
AB  - Evidence is accumulating that activation of platelets occurs during conventional
      hemodialysis. In ten uremic patients, the ADP-induced platelet aggregation and
      the platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin (PGI2) were examined before and after
      120 and 240 minutes of dialysis. The ADP-induced aggregation was enhanced during
      dialysis reaching statistical significance after 240 minutes compared to
      predialysis values. The platelet sensitivity to PGI2 was significantly diminished
      during dialysis. Our results are in agreement with the concept of platelet
      activation during hemodialysis and lend support to the clinical use of PGI2
      during hemodialysis.

PMID- 6375927
TI  - Isolated C3 deposition in patients without systemic disease.
AB  - Deposition of C3 without immunoglobulins ("isolated C3") was found in 9.8% of 540
      renal biopsies performed between 1976 and 1982. Thirty-two of these samples were
      from patients with systemic diseases (16), well defined forms of
      glomerulonephritis (9), other renal diseases (4) or renal allografts (4). The
      remaining 22 patients are described. Five had nephrotic syndrome, three of them
      with minimal changes on light microscopy and good response to corticosteroids. We
      were left with a group of 17 patients who presented with gross (4) or microscopic
      (12) hematuria or asymptomatic proteinuria (1) whose biopsies showed mesangial
      proliferation or/and hyperplasia and who followed a benign course over the mean 3
      years of follow-up, with the exception of one whose renal function is declining.
      This clinicopathological picture is similar to that described in two previous
      publications suggesting that "Isolated C3 mesangial proliferative nephritis" is a
      recognizable sub-group within the spectrum of glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 6375928
TI  - A study of the reliability of carcinoembryonic antigen blood levels in following
      the course of colorectal cancer.
AB  - Twenty-three patients were studied to assess the reliability of carcinoembryonic
      antigen (CEA) levels in following the course of colorectal cancer. CEA
      estimations were made prior to surgery and again postoperatively. The resected
      specimens were allocated a Dukes' Stage and histological grading (well, moderate
      or poorly differentiated). In addition, sections were stained for the presence of
      CEA by an immunoperoxidase method. Of the 23 patients, twelve had either
      disseminated disease at initial surgery or subsequently developed
      metastasis/recurrence. Eleven remain disease-free at a minimum follow-up of one
      year. In all of these the reliability of plasma CEA values in reflecting the
      disease status has been assessed. No false positive elevations of CEA were found.
      Three factors emerge as positive predictors of CEA estimation reliability: pre
      operative CEA elevation; tumour grading as well differentiated; dark staining for
      the presence of CEA. These factors identified 15 of the 18 patients (83%) in whom
      CEA appeared reliable and were not present in any of the five patients where CEA
      was not reliable. This reliability achieves statistical significance (X2 = 8.5, p
      less than 0.02). Histological demonstration of CEA may contribute to the
      reliability placed on plasma CEA estimations and should be considered if serial
      estimations are to be performed.

PMID- 6375929
TI  - [Mitochondrial disorders].

PMID- 6375930
TI  - Sex-related differences in drug disposition in man.
AB  - Sex-related differences in the disposition of some analgesics, anxiolytics and
      hypnotics have recently been reported. With certain benzodiazepines, sex has been
      shown to be a more important determinant of variability in drug disposition than
      age, while with other benzodiazepines an age-related decline in clearance was
      more pronounced in men than women. In young healthy adults these sex-related
      differences in drug disposition were related to the phase of the menstrual cycle,
      oral contraceptive steroid administration, and variations in plasma
      concentrations of albumin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, free fatty acids and sex
      hormones. While none of the sex-related differences so far reported necessitates
      the modification of a therapeutic dosage regimen, it is prudent that future
      protocols for pharmacokinetic studies should regard age, sex, the menstrual cycle
      and oral contraceptive steroids as potential sources of variability.

PMID- 6375931
TI  - Clinical pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol and chloramphenicol succinate.
AB  - In recent years there has been a renewal of interest in chloramphenicol,
      predominantly because of the emergence of ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus
      influenzae, the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in infants and children.
      Three preparations of chloramphenicol are most commonly used in clinical
      practice: a crystalline powder for oral administration, a palmitate ester for
      oral administration as a suspension, and a succinate ester for parenteral
      administration. Both esters are inactive, requiring hydrolysis to chloramphenicol
      for anti-bacterial activity. The palmitate ester is hydrolysed in the small
      intestine to active chloramphenicol prior to absorption. Chloramphenicol
      succinate acts as a prodrug, being converted to active chloramphenicol while it
      is circulating in the body. Various assays have been developed to determine the
      concentration of chloramphenicol in biological fluids. Of these, high-performance
      liquid chromatographic and radioenzymatic assays are accurate, precise, specific,
      and have excellent sensitivities for chloramphenicol. They are rapid and have
      made therapeutic drug monitoring practical for chloramphenicol. The
      bioavailability of oral crystalline chloramphenicol and chloramphenicol palmitate
      is approximately 80%. The time for peak plasma concentrations is dependent on
      particle size and correlates with in vitro dissolution and deaggregation rates.
      The bioavailability of chloramphenicol after intravenous administration of the
      succinate ester averages approximately 70%, but the range is quite variable.
      Incomplete bioavailability is the result of renal excretion of unchanged
      chloramphenicol succinate prior to it being hydrolysed to active chloramphenicol.
      Plasma protein binding of chloramphenicol is approximately 60% in healthy adults.
      The drug is extensively distributed to many tissues and body fluids, including
      cerebrospinal fluid and breast milk, and it crosses the placenta. Reported mean
      values for the apparent volume of distribution range from 0.6 to 1.0 L/kg. Most
      of a chloramphenicol dose is metabolised by the liver to inactive products, the
      chief metabolite being a glucuronide conjugate; only 5 to 15% of chloramphenicol
      is excreted unchanged in the urine. The elimination half-life is approximately 4
      hours. Inaccurate determinations of the pharmacokinetic parameters may result by
      incorrectly assuming rapid and complete hydrolysis of chloramphenicol succinate.
      The pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol succinate have been described by a 2
      compartment model. The reported values for the apparent volume of distribution
      range from 0.2 to 3.1 L/kg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6375933
TI  - Acute effect of labetalol on blood pressure in relation to the sympathetic
      nervous system and plasma renin activity.
AB  - A single oral dose of 300 mg labetalol was given to 10 subjects with
      uncomplicated primary hypertension; its effects on blood pressure, heart rate
      (HR), plasma renin activity (PRA), and plasma concentration of catecholamines and
      of their major metabolites, octopamine ( OTP ), and dopamine-beta hydroxylase
      (DbH) were investigated. Although HR did not change after dosing, both systolic
      and diastolic blood pressure decreased in 2 hr and remained below control up to
      12 hr. There was symptomatic orthostatic hypotension in two subjects in the first
      2 hr after dosing. PRA decreased in the first 2 hr and followed a gradual rise
      that became significant at 24 hr. Although DbH did not change, plasma
      concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) and its major metabolites and of OTP
      increased between 2 and 4 hr after dosing and remained elevated up to 12 hr.
      There was no correlation between change in blood pressure and control levels or
      changes of PRA or NE concentrations.

PMID- 6375934
TI  - Thiazide-induced potassium loss not prevented by beta blockade.
AB  - Potassium balance was followed in 12 subjects with hypertension during treatment
      either with timolol and hydrochlorothiazide or with timolol, hydrochlorothiazide,
      and amiloride. Subjects treated with the beta-blocker and thiazide developed
      potassium depletion, which was prevented by concomitant treatment with amiloride.
      Thiazide augments timolol-induced potassium loss and it is suggested that the
      renal handling of potassium is changed by other mechanisms. The decrement in
      potassium loss during concomitant amiloride treatment cannot be explained.

PMID- 6375932
TI  - Clinical pharmacokinetics of nitroprusside, cyanide, thiosulphate and
      thiocyanate.
AB  - Sodium nitroprusside decomposes within a few minutes after intravenous infusion
      to form metabolites which are pharmacologically inactive but toxicologically
      important. Free cyanide, which represents 44% w/w of the sodium nitroprusside
      molar mass, is formed and must be detoxified in the body into thiocyanate using
      thisulphate as substrate. Nitroprusside penetrates cell membranes slowly. At
      therapeutic dose levels its distribution is probably mainly extracellular.
      Contact with the sulfhydryl groups in the cell walls, however, immediately
      initiates breakdown of the molecule. Sodium nitroprusside taken orally is not
      absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract to any appreciable extent. Cyanides in
      the body form prussic acid, which can rapidly penetrate mucous and cell
      membranes. In the blood, about 99% of the prussic acid binds to the
      methaemoglobin of erythrocytes. At normal physiological levels, however, the
      total body methaemoglobin of an adult human can only bind about 10mg of prussic
      acid; this is a small fraction of the amounts usually infused therapeutically as
      sodium nitroprusside. The endogenous detoxification of prussic acid exhibits zero
      order kinetics. The limiting factor is a sulphur donor, principally thiosulphate,
      which is available in the body in only limited amounts. The rate of spontaneous
      detoxification of prussic acid in humans is only about 1 microgram/kg/min,
      corresponding to a sodium nitroprusside infusion of about 2 microgram/kg/min.
      This dose limit set by the prussic acid toxicity of sodium nitroprusside can,
      however, be increased considerably by simultaneous infusion of thiosulphate. A
      lack of thiosulphate can be detected early by a rise of the prussic acid
      concentration in the erythrocytes. Thiosulphate taken orally is not absorbed by
      the body. After intravenous infusion, its serum half-life is about 15 minutes.
      Most of the thiosulphate is oxidised to sulphate or is incorporated into
      endogenous sulphur compounds; a small proportion is excreted through the kidneys.
      Thiocyanate taken orally is completely absorbed by the body. In healthy persons
      its volume of distribution is approximately 0.25 L/kg and the serum half-life
      about 3 days; elimination is mainly renal. Thiocyanate toxicity does not
      represent a serious therapeutic problem with intravenous infusion of sodium
      nitroprusside.

PMID- 6375935
TI  - Digital subtraction imaging in cardiac investigations.
AB  - The role of digital subtraction imaging (DSI) in the investigation of heart
      disease in patients of all ages, including neonates, was evaluated by the
      addition of a continuous fluoroscopy system to an existing, single-plane
      catheterisation laboratory. In some situations, DSI provided diagnostic images
      where conventional radiography could not and, in general, provided images of
      comparable quality to cineangiography. The total dose of contrast medium was
      usually less than that which would have been required for biplane cineangiography
      and the dose of radiation was always less. Digital subtraction imaging can make a
      significant contribution to the investigation of congenital heart disease and has
      some useful features in the study of acquired heart disease.

PMID- 6375936
TI  - Plexogenic pulmonary hypertension of unknown origin. What's new?

PMID- 6375937
TI  - The relationship between human adipocyte and monocyte insulin binding.
AB  - The assumption that insulin binding to monocytes reflects that of insulin binding
      to adipocytes has been examined. In normal, diabetic, thyrotoxic and cirrhotic
      subjects no correlation was observed between monocyte and adipocyte insulin
      binding. Extrapolation is not justified from monocyte binding data to conclusions
      about insulin-sensitive tissues.

PMID- 6375938
TI  - Sir George Pickering (1904-1982).

PMID- 6375939
TI  - The contribution of reflex inhibition to arthrogenous muscle weakness.

PMID- 6375940
TI  - A paradoxical fall in urine dopamine output when patients with essential
      hypertension are given added dietary salt.
AB  - The effect of dietary sodium on the urine dopamine excretion of eight
      hypertensive patients and six matched controls was studied under metabolic
      balance conditions over a 2 week period during which dietary sodium intake was
      increased from 20 to 220 mmol/day. The control group showed the expected increase
      in dopamine excretion in response to sodium but the hypertensive patients showed
      an initial fall followed by a return to baseline values. Neither group showed a
      rise in blood pressure but the hypertensive patients showed a greater weight gain
      on salt loading, although this change was not significant. The cumulative sodium
      balance was greater and more prolonged in the hypertensive patients, although
      this difference also did not attain statistical significance. This defect in
      dopamine mobilization may be important in relation to renal sodium handling by
      patients with essential hypertension.

PMID- 6375941
TI  - Persistent captopril-associated taste alteration.

PMID- 6375942
TI  - Captopril and minoxidil for malignant hypertension in an infant.

PMID- 6375943
TI  - IgA nephropathy in children.

PMID- 6375944
TI  - New concepts in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.

PMID- 6375945
TI  - The activity of tissue enzymes in iron-deficient rat and man: an overview.
AB  - The effects of iron deficiency in rat and/or man on iron-containing enzymes of
      different tissues is reviewed. Iron deficiency results in a decrease of skeletal
      muscle iron containing proteins e.g. myoglobin, cytochromes c, a + a3, and alpha
      glycerophosphate oxidase. Iron deficiency produces a reduction in the activity of
      several respiratory enzymes in the mitochondrial fraction of cardiac muscle,
      particularly: NADH cytochrome c reductase, succinic cytochrome c reductase,
      succinic dehydrogenase and NADH ferricyanide oxidoreductase. The effects of iron
      deficiency on brain tissue is emphasized with respect to cytochromes,
      monoaminoxidase and amino acids metabolism. Host defence to infection
      (controversial data), decrease in body temperature, alteration of DNA synthesis,
      collagen and lipid metabolism, liver and gastrointestinal mucous cytochromes
      activity perturbations are discussed.

PMID- 6375946
TI  - Increased urinary excretion of aromatic amino acid catabolites by Microtus
      montanus chronically infected with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense.
AB  - Microtus montanus infected with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense for 16 and 21 days
      excreted significantly greater quantities of several aromatic amino acid
      catabolites when compared to uninfected control animals. Very large quantities of
      three aromatic alpha-keto acids (alpha-oxocarboxylic acids), phenylpyruvic acid,
      4- hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid and indole-3-pyruvic acid, were excreted by infected
      animals. Increased excretion of indole-3-lactic acid and indole-3-acetic acid was
      also detected. Gas chromatographic-mass spectral analysis of the trimethylsilyl
      derivatives of phenylpyruvic acid, 4- hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid and indole-3
      pyruvic acid confirms the identity of the aromatic alpha-keto acids elevated
      during infection. The marked alpha-keto aciduria indicates that a large
      disturbance exists in aromatic amino acid metabolism in this chronic animal model
      of African trypanosomiasis. The disturbance may contribute to the pathogenesis of
      the disease. The increased catabolite concentrations may also prove to be useful
      diagnostically and prognostically.

PMID- 6375947
TI  - An expert diagnostic program for dermatology.
AB  - The first knowledge-based medical consultation program for dermatology is
      reported. This program uses SEEK, a new facility within the Rutgers University
      EXPERT system. Our current model gives a differential diagnosis for 13 different
      tumors with an overall accuracy of 84%. The model uses a formal criteria-based
      knowledge representation scheme. In addition, the first visually indexed database
      in dermatology has been developed.

PMID- 6375948
TI  - Obsessive-compulsive disorder: a question of a neurologic lesion.

PMID- 6375950
TI  - Phytophotodermatitis from mokihana fruits (Pelea anisata H. Mann, fam. Rutaceae)
      in Hawaiian lei.
AB  - Bullous dermatitis, which resolved leaving hyperpigmentation and which was
      clinically consistent with phytophotodermatitis , affected the skin of the neck
      of 2 individuals who wore Hawaiian leis (as neck garlands ) made of the fruits of
      Pelea anisata . In a Daniels culture plate system portions of the fruits showed
      phototoxicity.

PMID- 6375949
TI  - Madness in ancient India: concept of insanity in Charaka Samhita (1st century
      A.D.).

PMID- 6375951
TI  - Analysis of macrophage differentiation and function with monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 6375952
TI  - Activation of mononuclear phagocytes for the destruction of intracellular
      parasites: studies with Trypanosoma cruzi.

PMID- 6375953
TI  - Expression and development of macrophage activation for tumor cytotoxicity.

PMID- 6375954
TI  - Activation of macrophages to kill rickettsiae and Leishmania: dissociation of
      intracellular microbicidal activities and extracellular destruction of neoplastic
      and helminth targets.
AB  - Mononuclear phagocytes undergo dramatic changes during differentiation from bone
      marrow stem cells to resident tissue macrophages. Throughout differentiation,
      cells lose or acquire numerous morphologic, metabolic and functional capacities
      such that mature, resident macrophages of one tissue often bear little
      resemblance to resident cells of another. Superimposed on the intrinsic continuum
      of mononuclear phagocyte differentiation are the reactive changes in macrophages
      induced by endogenous and exogenous stimuli: the ability of mononuclear
      phagocytes to respond to a particular stimulus may also change with cell
      differentiation. This dynamic interaction of cell differentiation and response to
      a micro-environment, and the resulting heterogeneity among mononuclear phagocytes
      for many functional characteristics, is clearly illustrated by the effector
      activities of activated macrophages that we describe in this report. Despite the
      common regulatory events for induction and expression of transient nonspecific
      cytotoxic reactions effective against such diverse targets as rickettsiae,
      leishmania, schistosomula, and neoplastic cells, these effector functions can be
      dissociated by the cells that perform the effector activity, and the signals that
      regulate these activities. The differential susceptibility of the various targets
      to particular killing mechanisms induced by LK in responsive populations only
      adds to the complexity of these in vitro analyses. The details of effector
      functions of activated macrophages are unique for each target.

PMID- 6375955
TI  - Activation of macrophage complement receptors for phagocytosis.
AB  - Macrophage complement receptors, while innately incapable of promoting
      phagocytosis, can be activated to do so by a number of inflammatory stimuli and
      by several immunologic mechanisms. Studies with a complement receptor-activating
      lymphokine reveal that activation occurs as a result of mobilization of innately
      immobile receptors and suggest that receptor mobility is a prerequisite for
      phagocytosis. Since Fc receptors are susceptible to blockade by immune complexes
      at inflammatory sites, phagocytosis mediated by macrophage complement receptors
      may be of prime importance in vivo.

PMID- 6375956
TI  - Mechanisms of microbial entry and endocytosis by mononuclear phagocytes.

PMID- 6375957
TI  - Autoantibodies to zona pellucida in tubectomized women.
AB  - khe study was conducted to detect autoantibodies to zona pellucida by indirect
      immunofluorescence technique. A total of 60 human sera was examined, which
      included 15 tubectomized , 15 pregnant, 15 nonpregnant fertile women, and 15
      fertile men. In the unabsorbed sera, anti-zona activity was observed in 53.3% of
      the tubectomized women and in 40.0% of the nonpregnant fertile women, 20.0% of
      the pregnant women and 26.7% of the fertile men. All the positive sera were then
      absorbed with porcine red blood cells and retested to exclude the false positive
      reaction due to nonspecific serum components. After absorption, immunological
      response was retained in 26.7% of the tubectomized women and lost in all the
      other women and men. The positive sera were further absorbed with zona-coated
      eggs and were retested. Fluorescence was lost in all the positive sera. This
      observation demonstrates the presence of antibodies, specific to zona antigens,
      in tubectomized women. To date, however, antibodies to zona antigen have not been
      demonstrated in the tubectomized women. Presence of anti-zona activity in
      tubectomized women may be an autoimmune response, possibly due to absorption and
      degradation of the ova into the peritoneal cavity or in the reproductive tract
      and the subsequent exposure of the degradation products to the immune system.

PMID- 6375958
TI  - Species differences in the sensitivity to the antitesticular effects of [Ac-D
      NAL(2)1, 4FD-Phe2, D-Trp3,D-Arg6]-LHRH, a potent LHRH antagonist.
AB  - The antigonadal effects of [Ac-D-NAL(2)1, 4FD-Phe2, D-TRP3, D-Arg6]-LHRH (LHRH
      A), a potent antagonist of LHRH, were investigated in rats and rabbits. Rats and
      rabbits were given LHRH-A (1250 micrograms/kg) daily for 15 days. Some animals
      were killed on day 16 (24 h after the last treatment) while others were mated. In
      the male rats serum LH and testosterone levels as well as the weights of sexual
      organs were significantly reduced. Mating behavior and fertility that were
      suppressed by the end of treatment returned to normal by 7 weeks after last
      treatment. In contrast to rats, the testicular function and fertility of rabbits
      appeared unaffected by LHRH-A treatment. The difference in the response between
      rats and rabbits led us to compare the response of rats and mice. Male rats and
      mice were given LHRH-A (1450 micrograms/kg) daily for 5 days and killed on day 6.
      In rats LHRH-A caused a 93% decrease in serum T and 88% decrease in in vitro
      testicular T production. In mice, however, the Leydig cell function remained
      unaffected when examined 24 h after the last dose of LHRH-A. To explain the
      differences between the effects of LHRH-A on rats, rabbits and mice, the acute
      effect of this peptide on serum T levels was investigated in these species.
      Administration of a single dose of LHRH-A (1250 micrograms/kg) led to a rapid
      decrease in serum T that was sustained for 24 h in rats. In rabbits and mice,
      however, the same dose of LHRH-A caused only a transient decrease in serum T.
      Male rhesus monkeys treated with LHRH-A (1000 micrograms/kg) also showed a
      transient decrease in serum T concentrations. It is concluded that there are
      considerable species differences in the sensitivity to the antigonadal effects of
      LHRH-A.

PMID- 6375959
TI  - [Ac-D-NAL(2)1,4FD-Phe2,D-Trp3,D-Arg6]-LHRH, a potent antagonist of LHRH, produces
      transient edema and behavioral changes in rats.
AB  - Acute toxicity studies of [Ac-D-NAL(2)1,4FD-Phe2,D-Trp3,D-Arg6]-LHRH (LHRH-A), a
      potent antagonist of LHRH were performed. Subcutaneous administration of this
      peptide to rats induced transient edema of the face and extremities. This effect
      was maximal 3-5 h after peptide administration and subsided by 24 h. These
      effects were not seen with an LHRH agonist or two other antagonists. This side
      effects of LHRH-A was peculiar to rats and not observed in mice, rabbits and
      rhesus monkeys. Intravenous administration led within minutes to depression of
      spontaneous activity in rats and monkeys. We conclude that some LHRH antagonists
      produce species specific effects on vascular permeability and spontaneous
      activity.

PMID- 6375960
TI  - Cultivation of a porcine adenovirus in porcine thyroid cell cultures.
AB  - The porcine adenovirus type 4 was adapted to grow in porcine thyroid cell
      cultures. A readily recognizable cytopathic effect appeared in these cells as
      soon as the first passage of the virus and complete degeneration of the
      monolayers was obtained after only 72 hours post-infection at the fourth passage.
      A viral yield of 10(6.0) TCID50/ml was calculated after the third passage. The
      virus was purified by CsCl density gradient centrifugation and was shown to
      possess a buoyant density of 1.33 g/ml. A specific antiserum was prepared from
      two specific-pathogen-free piglets and used for indirect immunofluorescent
      staining. The fluorescence was observed in the nucleus of infected cells at 24 to
      72 hours post-inoculation. The use of TP cells is suggested for routine porcine
      adenovirus diagnosis.

PMID- 6375961
TI  - Ruminant paratuberculosis (Johne's disease): the current status and future
      prospects.

PMID- 6375962
TI  - Increased pulmonary clearance of Serratia marcescens in calves given intravenous
      Freund's complete adjuvant.
AB  - Lung and alveolar macrophage studies were conducted following experimental
      immunostimulation of calves with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Intravenous
      administration of FCA to calves 35 days before aerosol exposure to serratia
      marcescens resulted in a 53.1% reduction in the 2-hour pulmonary mean percent
      retention of the organism when compared to control calves. FCA treatment
      increased alveolar macrophage concentration (cells/g lung) by 30.9%. Lymphoid and
      granulomatous responses were increased in the lungs of treated calves.

PMID- 6375963
TI  - Thermodynamics of hapten-antibody interactions.
AB  - Two schools of thought are currently prevalent regarding the thermodynamic
      mechanism(s) of hapten-antibody interaction(s). While one school is a proponent
      of the hapten-antibody reaction being driven predominantly by enthalpy, the
      second school rationalizes the mechanism as an enthalpy-entropy compensation, the
      magnitude of the latter being dependent on the temperature at which hapten
      antibody interaction is carried out.

PMID- 6375964
TI  - Experimental septic shock: relative effects of treatment with antibiotics,
      crystalloid or colloid solution infusions and corticosteroids.
AB  - This study evaluates the relative effects of 2 combined antibiotics, a
      crystalloid solution, 4 3% colloid solutions, and a pharmacologic dose of
      corticosteroids, given alone and in combination for the treatment of Escherichia
      coli-induced septic shock. All treatments began 5.5 h after bacterial injection.
      Untreated septic rats had a mean survival time of 9.9 h. Antibiotics
      (trimethophrim and sulfamethoxazole) alone did not significantly increase mean
      survival time (11.0 h). No rats in either of these two groups survived 24 h. When
      antibiotics and dexamethasone were combined, 40% (4/10) rats lived longer than 24
      h (p less than .05). With Ringer's solution infusion, the mean survival time was
      8.7 h and 30% (3/10) lived longer than 24 h. When a 3% colloid solution was
      given, 50% (20/40) lived more than 24 h and 20% (8/40) lived more than 7 days.
      There was no significant difference between the 4 colloid solutions (albumin,
      dextran-40, dextran-70, hydroxyethyl starch). When Ringer's solution was combined
      with dexamethasone and antibiotics, 80% (8/10) lived more than 24 h and 20%
      (2/10) were long-term survivors. When the antibiotic drug was combined with a
      colloid solution and dexamethasone, all animals lived more than 24 h and 90%
      (9/10) lived more than 7 days. This study demonstrates the therapeutic value of
      an effective antibiotic drug for control of the infective organism, a colloid
      solution infusion to maintain blood volume and circulation, and corticosteroids
      for still largely unknown reasons.

PMID- 6375965
TI  - Cimetidine for stress-ulcer prophylaxis.
AB  - Although cimetidine is more effective than a placebo for the prophylaxis of
      stress-induced ulcers, it has no advantage over titrated antacid dosing. Several
      comparative studies even suggest that combining cimetidine with antacid is no
      more effective than use of full-dose antacid. Therefore, we recommend
      prophylactic use of cimetidine only when very large dosages of antacid are
      required, in order to minimize acid-base disturbances.

PMID- 6375966
TI  - Glucagon: hormone or therapeutic agent?
AB  - Glucagon is an important therapeutic agent in critical care medicine. Although
      its endogenous hormonal functions have been well described, its clinical uses are
      rarely discussed. Glucagon is effective in the treatment of hypoglycemia,
      cardiogenic shock and heart failure, propranolol overdose, esophageal meat
      impaction, ureteral colic due to calculi, and acute diverticulitis. It may prove
      useful in the treatment of endotoxin and hypovolemic shock as well as toxicity
      due to excesses of procainamide, quinidine, or ouabain.

PMID- 6375967
TI  - An interpretive computer program for analyzing hemodynamic problems in the ICU.
AB  - A computer program is described that can generate and interpret hemodynamic
      profiles, and suggest a therapeutic approach to the identified hemodynamic
      problem. This program represents the first attempt to develop interpretive
      software for hemodynamic problems encountered in the ICU.

PMID- 6375968
TI  - Computed tomography of the gastroesophageal junction.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) of the chest and abdomen has proved to be helpful in the
      preoperative staging of both esophageal and gastric carcinoma. The
      gastroesophageal junction however, is a difficult area to evaluate as variations
      in normal anatomy may mimic pathological processes. Pseudomasses at the
      gastroesophageal junction can be confused with neoplasm. The CT appearance of the
      GE junction was evaluated in 150 normal patients. CT scans were also performed on
      15 patients with carcinoma involving the GE junction. Twenty cases of benign
      diseases of the GE junction were also studied by CT. Anatomy--The normal anatomy
      of the gastroesophageal junction will be illustrated with both line diagrams and
      CT images. The hepatogastric ligament and the caudate lobe of the liver will be
      demonstrated and their use in locating the GE junction will be shown. Technique-
      A short segment describing the appropriate technique for CT of the
      gastroesophageal junction will follow. The use of oral and intravenous contrast
      will be discussed. The need for distension of the stomach with effervescent
      agents and oral contrast as well as the use of decubitus and prone positioning
      will be emphasized when a mass-like density is seen at the GE junction. Examples
      will be provided. A pseudomass at the GE junction on a supine CT will be shown
      that disappears with distension and decubitus scanning. This will be used to lead
      into the next section on neoplasm in which the first example will have an
      identical appearance on supine CT images. Neoplasm--The relative incidence of
      gastric adenocarcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma at the GE junction
      will be briefly reviewed. The similar CT appearance of the neoplasms will be
      described and liberally illustrated. Metastatic involvement of lymph nodes
      adjacent to the GE junction will also be shown. The staging classification for CT
      evaluation of GE neoplasms will be reviewed. The utility of preoperative staging
      of esophageal and gastric neoplasms will be briefly reviewed and applied to the
      GE junction. Our series of patients with cancer of the GE junction will be
      discussed. The importance of the CT detection of criteria of inoperability will
      be demonstrated with examples of metastatic involvement of the liver and lymph
      nodes as well as direct invasion of adjacent organs. Benign Disease--Examples of
      benign stricture, hiatal hernia, and achalasia will be illustrated. Our cases
      where CT scans helped rule out a malignant process that had been suggested on
      barium studies will be reviewed. Summary and Conclusions--Important points of
      technique, normal anatomy, benign and malignant disease will be briefly reviewed.

PMID- 6375969
TI  - Traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta: a review.
AB  - The frequency of traumatic injuries to the thoracic aorta has increased in recent
      years, paralleling the upward trend in the number of vehicular accidents. Blunt
      trauma is the predominant mechanism. In dealing with the survivors of the
      immediate impact, a high index of suspicion for aortic tears will allow the
      radiologist to recognize important signs on the chest roentgenogram; he will be
      able to direct further necessary steps and secure the diagnosis of an aortic
      tear. The following article will review the pertinent recent literature on the
      subject and emphasize a practical approach to the diagnosis of this not uncommon
      but life-threatening lesion.

PMID- 6375970
TI  - Tubes, wires, and rods seen in chest roentgenograms.
AB  - Different devices are seen on chest roentgenograms everyday. The gamut of
      metallic density shadows include sutures, surgical clips, staples, cardiac valve
      prosthesis, wires, and plates. Tubes and catheters are recognized when metallic
      wires or barium are incorporated in their walls. The number of devices is ever
      growing and with them complications grow. The radiologist may be the first to
      detect these complications. This article endeavors to review briefly a small
      number of these devices and their complications. References are provided for the
      avid reader.

PMID- 6375971
TI  - The misplaced thoracic venous catheter: detailed anatomical consideration.
AB  - When interpreting routine radiographs following thoracic venous catheterization,
      a thorough knowledge of normal venous anatomy is necessary to prevent potential
      complications of central venous catheter misplacement. In the following report,
      we review the thoracic venous anatomy and show examples of azygous, superior
      intercostal, internal mammary, inferior thyroid, pericardiophrenic, and left
      superior vena cava catheterizations, as well as the more common venous catheter
      misplacements. The use of both frontal and lateral radiographs for catheter
      localization is discussed in detail.

PMID- 6375972
TI  - Computed tomography of the lumbar spine: techniques, normal anatomy, pitfalls,
      and clinical applications.
AB  - Normal cross-sectional anatomy and anatomical variants. Detailed line drawings of
      important features and images from a correlative CT/anatomical study of human
      cadaver spines will be included. The cross-sectional appearance of deviations
      from normal anatomy will also be demonstrated. Scanning techniques and methods of
      image recording. Patient processing efficiency and expeditious data recording and
      analysis will be stressed. The utility of multiplanar computer reformations will
      be discussed. Commonly encountered pathological conditions. Examples of
      intervertebral disc disease, spinal canal and lateral recess stenosis, facet
      arthropathy, trauma, infections, and neoplasms will be presented. A protocol for
      the use of intravenous and intrathecal contrast agents will be proposed.

PMID- 6375973
TI  - The radiologic diagnosis of complications following gynecologic surgery:
      radiography, computed tomography, sonography, and scintigraphy.
AB  - 673,000 hysterectomies were done in the United States in 1981. The mortality rate
      of 16.4/100,000 was less than that for appendectomy. Gynecologic surgery,
      however, is the most common surgical cause of complications related to the
      urinary tract with the reported incidence varying from less than 1 to 10%. We
      reviewed the charts of 1403 patients who had 736 abdominal, 315 vaginal and 143
      radical or modified radical hysterectomies. Seventy (5%) patients had
      complications. Thirty-two (2.2%) patients had 35 complications related to the
      urinary tract. Complications directly related to surgery were grouped into
      ureteral injuries (13), fistulas (10), post surgical fluid collections (13), and
      hydronephrosis following radical hysterectomy. Characteristic images obtained by
      radiography, sonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and nuclear medicine (NM)
      are presented, and their use in each group of complications is summarized in the
      conclusion.

PMID- 6375974
TI  - Lipopolymers, isoprenoids, and the assembly of the gram-positive cell wall.
AB  - Several lines of evidence suggest that Gram-positive bacterial cell surface
      polymers are synthesized by stepwise addition of polymer subunits to an
      amphipathic acceptor. In the case of membrane-bound lipopolymers such as mannan
      and lipoteichoic acid, the finished product may be covalently linked to a lipid
      anchor. In the case of polymers that are transferred into preexisting cell wall,
      such as teichoic acid and peptidoglycan, two alternative fates might be possible:
      (1) transfer into wall with concomitant or later cleavage of the lipid anchor,
      with recycling of the lipid anchor or secretion of the lipid anchor into the
      growth medium, and (2) transfer into wall without cleavage of the lipid anchor,
      resulting in maintenance of the covalent relationship between lipid anchor and
      polymer chain. In the latter case, a close relationship should be established
      between the cell wall and the plasma membrane. A number of Gram-positive bacteria
      have been shown to be resistant to plasmolysis. Therefore, a model for the
      assembly of the Gram-positive cell wall is proposed which takes into account a
      role for lipopolymeric intermediates and which views the establishment of
      resistance to plasmolysis as the natural consequence of such a mechanism.

PMID- 6375975
TI  - Lipoglycans from mycoplasmas.
AB  - Lipoglycans , distinguishable from bacterial lipopolysaccharides, are associated
      with the cytoplasmic membranes of several genera of Mollicutes, namely
      Acholeplasma, Mycoplasma neurolyticum , Anaeroplasma , and Thermoplasma.
      Structurally, the lipoglycans are long heteropolysaccharides covalently linked to
      a lipid. The exact structures of three have been determined. Thermoplasma
      oligosaccharide is attached to a diglycerol tetraether ; A. granularum to a
      diacyl glycerol. The lipoglycan from A. axanthum is unique by its possession of
      glycerol phosphate and galactose phosphate side chains and the occurrence of
      fatty acids in N-acyl linkages. Only one molecular species of lipoglycan occurs
      in a given species. These lipoglycans possess a variety of biological activities.
      The terminal three sugar residues define their antigenic specificity; they attach
      to specific receptors on mammalian cells; they exhibit pyrogenicity in rabbits
      and clot Limulus lysate; they stimulate the production of IgM antibody both in
      vivo and in vitro; they modulate the immune response to T-cell dependent
      antigens; they exhibit immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory activities.

PMID- 6375976
TI  - Electron transport system activity in soil, sediment, and pure cultures.
AB  - The major purpose of this review is to examine recent developments in the
      measurement of electron transport system (ETS) activity (also known as
      dehydrogenase activity) in soil, sediment, and pure cultures. Since enzyme
      assays, (such as ETS) measurements can measure the general bioactivity of a large
      part of the microbial community in soil or sediment, various attempts have been
      made to develop rapid, simple, and reliable assays for such activities,
      particularly ETS activity. Since ETS activity is a consequence of many metabolic
      processes, the ability to measure this activity would be useful in assessing the
      status of various soils and sediments. Tetrazolium salts, like 2,3,5
      triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) and 2-(p-iodophenyl)-3-(p-nitrophenyl)-5-
      phenyltetrazolium chloride (INT), can be biologically reduced to their respective
      tetrazolium formazan by soil and sediment microorganisms and enzymes. The
      formazan produced can then be used as a measure of ETS activity in soil and
      sediment. The chemical, physical, and biological factors that influence ETS
      activity and their relationship to respiration will be surveyed.

PMID- 6375977
TI  - Morphological investigations into the structure of frozen-thawed rat islets of
      Langerhans.
AB  - Fetal rat pancreases, cultured for 8 days in RPMI 1640, were successively frozen
      to -196 degrees C. The samples, defrosted at different intervals (0, 5, 1, 2, 7,
      and 15 days), were examined by TEM and SEM. The effects of culture, various
      cooling times, warming rates, thawing procedures, dimethyl sulfoxide
      concentration, and ultrastructural features of cellular elements were analyzed.

PMID- 6375978
TI  - Neural retinas promote cell division and fibre differentiation in lens epithelial
      explants.
AB  - Histological analysis of lens epithelial cells from newborn rats co-cultured with
      neural retinas over a 12 day period showed stimulation of cell division and fibre
      differentiation. Cell division increased to a peak of 0.54 +/- 0.13% at 6 days
      and then decreased to near zero at 12 days. Early signs of differentiation at 3
      days included some cell elongation and weak fluorescence for beta-crystallin.
      Differentiation was progressive and by 12 days there was further elongation and
      multi-layering of cells with most cells fluorescing strongly for beta-crystallin
      and some cells fluorescing strongly for gamma-crystallin. Cell free, neural
      retina conditioned medium ( NRCM ) also stimulated epithelial cell division and
      fibre differentiation. The peak mitotic index was 0.12% at 2 days. Although there
      were no signs of differentiation at 3 days, by 12 days the majority of cells
      fluoresced strongly for beta-crystallin and less than half fluoresced for gamma
      crystallin. Our interpretation of these results is that neural retinas release
      diffusable substances that stimulate division and differentiation of lens
      epithelial cells. The stronger proliferation and differentiation responses of
      epithelial cells in explants co-cultured with neural retinas is probably due to
      continual release of the factors and their build-up in the medium during the 12
      day culture period.

PMID- 6375979
TI  - Ocular pressure response to fluorometholone acetate and dexamethasone sodium
      phosphate.
AB  - The intraocular pressure elevating potentials of fluorometholone acetate
      ophthalmic suspension and dexamethasone sodium phosphate ophthalmic solution were
      compared in human subjects who were previously documented to respond to
      dexamethasone sodium phosphate. In this double-masked, crossover study of 17
      subjects, the same eye of each subject was dosed with both steroids, instillation
      of the second steroid following a one-month washout period. The length of time
      necessary to respond with an increase of 10 mmHg was ascertained. The mean
      response time for fluorometholone acetate was four weeks and for dexamethasone
      sodium phosphate, three weeks. This difference, in favor of fluorometholone
      acetate, is statistically significant.

PMID- 6375980
TI  - Production and specificity of monoclonal antibodies to retinal S antigen.
AB  - Hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies to the retinal S antigen were obtained
      by fusion of spleen cells from a BALB/c mouse immunized with purified bovine S
      antigen and NS-1 myeloma cells. Six cloned hybridomas were selected and expanded
      as large scale cultures and as ascites in mice. The specificity of the antibodies
      produced by these hybridomas was assessed by ELISA and immunofluorescence. All
      were specific for S antigen, except one which showed slight reactivity with other
      proteins. One antibody was specific for bovine S antigen, whereas the others
      showed cross reactivity with purified S antigens from various mammals.
      Immunofluorescence allowed to demonstrate the presence of common epitopes of S
      antigen in the retinal photoreceptor cells of species representative of every
      class of Vertebrates.

PMID- 6375981
TI  - Soft tissue sarcomas of the extremity.
AB  - In 1955, in a series of abstracts entitled "A Half Century of Effort to Control
      Cancer," Pack and Ariel wrote, "in each individual case, there is a constant
      battle of judgement between the wisdom of more radical amputation and the need
      for preservation of that important functional part." This dilemma remains with us
      today. In his paper on the histogenesis of tumors, Stout, relating to the
      philosophy of treatment, wrote that "the best chance of curing malignant tumors
      of the soft tissues lies in the hands of the therapist who makes the first
      attempt." Pack's words are as true today as they were in 1955, and although limb
      salvage is possible for many patients with soft tissue sarcomas, preservation of
      an extremity at the risk of patient survival is not a feasible option. Most
      efforts at less than amputative surgery must entail multimodality therapy.
      Although there are some reports of success with single-agent therapy, such as
      surgery alone, the majority of successful, nonamputative series include surgery
      with radiation and/or chemotherapy. It must be emphasized that an extremely
      important aspect of the treatment of these patients is the judgment and
      evaluation by the primary physician. Therefore it is extremely important that the
      primary physician be familiar with the many factors involved in prognosis, both
      in terms of local control and of systemic illness, in order for the patient to be
      informed of treatment options. If this is not possible, the patient should be
      referred to a center that is involved in active research protocols or treatments.
      Although rare, the soft tissue sarcomas remain among the most difficult to treat,
      even though over the years there has been significant progress in diagnosis,
      classification, and successful local control. Patient survival is based on a
      multitude of factors that include the histogenesis of the tumor, its grade, size,
      anatomical location, the surgical procedure performed, the use of preoperative or
      postoperative radiation, and the clinical stage of the disease--whether it is
      primary or metastatic. In time, it is probable that additional factors will be
      found.

PMID- 6375982
TI  - Mitral valve regurgitation.
AB  - The mitral apparatus is a complex structure composed of several components, each
      of which can be affected by a variety of diseases, resulting in mitral
      regurgitation. The physiologic consequences of mitral regurgitation include
      reduced forward stroke volume; increased left atrial volume and pressure; and
      reduced resistance to left ventricular ejection. The latter explains why indices
      of systolic left ventricular function (ejection fraction) are often increased
      early in the course of mitral regurgitation. With the insidious development of
      mitral regurgitation, the left atrium dilates to accommodate the increase in
      volume, thereby reducing the atrial pressure. However, with the acute development
      of mitral regurgitation into a nondilated left atrium, pressure rises rapidly,
      producing pulmonary edema. The predominant clinical symptoms in chronic mitral
      regurgitation of dyspnea and fatigue result from pulmonary venous hypertension
      and low cardiac output. The cardinal physical finding is a mitral systolic
      murmur. Since the murmur can assume various configurations, the most reliable way
      to establish its correct origin is by bedside physiologic maneuvers. Typically,
      in the beat following a premature contraction or after a long pause during atrial
      fibrillation, the murmur of mitral regurgitation is unchanged in intensity, but
      murmurs due to left ventricular outflow obstruction increase. Also, isometric
      handgrip exercise increases the intensity of the murmur and a Valsalva maneuver
      decreases it during the strain phase. Echocardiography is the most useful
      noninvasive technique for evaluating patients with mitral regurgitation.
      Visualization of the mitral apparatus may establish the etiology of
      regurgitation, and measurement of left atrial size and left ventricular size and
      performance is useful for assessing the functional significance of the lesion.
      Doppler echocardiography can establish the diagnosis of mitral regurgitation in
      difficult cases with multi valve disease and can estimate the severity of the
      regurgitation. Cardiac catheterization and angiography are usually reserved for
      the patient being considered for valvular surgery. The natural history of chronic
      mitral regurgitation is characterized by slowly progressive symptoms, and often
      the onset of disabling symptoms is the result of irreversible left ventricular
      dysfunction. Medical therapy consists of digitalis, diuretics, and vasodilators
      for symptomatic patients. When symptoms occur despite this therapy, valvular
      surgery should be considered before left ventricular function becomes abnormal.

PMID- 6375983
TI  - The child: when to begin preventive cardiology.

PMID- 6375984
TI  - Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of abdominal abscesses.

PMID- 6375985
TI  - Noninvasive corneal redox fluorometry.

PMID- 6375986
TI  - Fluid and electrolyte transports across corneal endothelium.

PMID- 6375987
TI  - Current status of small airways disease.

PMID- 6375988
TI  - Controversial and unproven techniques. Position statement from the ACCP section
      on allergy and clinical immunology.

PMID- 6375989
TI  - Renin and the complications of acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - To determine whether plasma renin activity in addition to catecholamines could be
      used as risk indicators, these parameters were measured in 19 patients with acute
      myocardial infarction. During the course of hospitalization, five patients
      developed ventricular fibrillation and three, cardiogenic shock. On admission,
      heart rate, plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine, and renin levels of these eight
      patients were significantly higher than those of the other patients with
      uncomplicated course. Peak creatine kinase MB activity was positively related to
      initial plasma renin activity (r = 0.62, p less than 0.01). Thus, the patients
      with the highest sympathetic activity following an acute myocardial infarction
      also had the highest plasma renin levels. They seem particularly prone to develop
      large infarcts and life-threatening complications.

PMID- 6375990
TI  - The evaluation of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return with the use of
      digital subtraction angiography.

PMID- 6375991
TI  - [Technic of rectum anastomoses in rectum resection. A controlled study:
      instrumental suture versus hand suture].
AB  - Stapler and manual sutures in rectal end-to-end anastomoses were compared in a
      controlled trial. The following results were obtained: For the analysis the cases
      naturally separated into three groups, A (manual suture), B (planned stapler
      suture) and WD ("withdrawn" cases, from both groups, in which continence could be
      maintained only with a stapler suture). The distribution of the WD cases in
      dependence on localization and sex varied significantly from groups A and B,
      while A and B remained comparable, in spite of the WD cases. The analysis of the
      date showed no, or only slight, clinical differences. In a comparison of the two
      stapler groups B and WD, significantly more suture dehiscences, colocutaneous
      fistulae and post-operative disturbances in bladder function were found in group
      WD. As a general conclusion we can state that: In comparable anastomosis
      localizations it is possible to achieve almost the same clinical results with
      both suture techniques. With a circular stapler it is, however, technically
      possible to perform rectum resections in cases in which this was not previously
      possible, particularly in men with a narrow pelvis and a stale pelvic floor. To
      what extent this still is an advantage after the local recurrences are taken into
      consideration remains to be seen.

PMID- 6375992
TI  - [Members of the Academy of Surgery].

PMID- 6375993
TI  - [Anselme Schwartz 1872-1957].

PMID- 6375994
TI  - [Napoleon III and surgery].

PMID- 6375995
TI  - Growth of rat embryos in the serum of alcohol drinkers.
AB  - Seven healthy male volunteers who had fasted overnight consumed Scotch whisky (70
      85 g absolute alcohol) in a period of 15 minutes after venesection at 9.30 a.m.
      An hour later a further quantity of blood was collected. Rat embryos (9.5 days of
      gestation) grown for four hours in 'post-drink' serum (115 mg alcohol/100 ml
      serum) followed by 44 hours in 'pre-drink' serum were compared to controls
      cultured in normal human serum for 48 hours. All cultures contained 90% human
      serum and 10% rat serum. The embryos were examined morphologically and their
      protein content was measured to assess in vitro growth and differentiation. The
      results demonstrated the teratogenic and growth-retarding effects of alcohol
      ingestion. Addition of ethanol (120 mg/100 ml) to the culture medium produced
      similar results. Culture of 9.5-day rat embryos for 24 hours in 'post-drink'
      serum (115 mg/100 ml alcohol) containing 10 or 20 micrograms acetaldehyde/ml or
      in pre-drink serum containing similar amounts of acetaldehyde showed a toxic
      effect of acetaldehyde only at concentrations of 20 micrograms/ml, in the absence
      of alcohol.

PMID- 6375996
TI  - Increased accuracy and speed of absorption cytometric DNA measurements by
      automatic corrections for nuclear darkness.
AB  - We have developed a method of calculating the average local absorbance (ALA) of a
      nucleus from the integrated nuclear absorbance and area. One can use the ALA,
      along with nuclear areas measured at different point absorbance thresholds, to
      determine whether a nucleus is stained too lightly or too darkly for accurate
      absorption measurements; this allows selection of an optimal light wavelength for
      the performance of these measurements. The ALA can also be used for automatic and
      instantaneous correction of integrated absorbance values from darkly stained
      cells. This allows the rapid measurement of the integrated absorbances of a large
      number of nuclei that are heterogeneous in stain intensity. Coefficients of
      variation of approximately 3% are obtained for the integrated absorbances of
      nuclei of nontransformed G0/G1 cells. This correction method can be applied with
      any image densitometer that generates both integrated absorbance and area values.

PMID- 6375997
TI  - Estimation of sampling errors in a high-resolution TV microscope image-processing
      system.
AB  - The basic postulate of this paper is that the commonly accepted sampling density
      of 2-4 pixels/micron in a high-resolution TV microscope system is too low to
      digitize exactly and analyze the complex cellular detail found in stained cell
      images. Depending on the specific microscope system, the required sampling
      density is much higher, lying between 15 and 30 pixels/micron. This sampling
      density is derived from the aliasing error, the resolution loss, and
      computational limitations. The mathematical and optical methods and equipment
      used to obtain these results are described in detail.

PMID- 6375998
TI  - Comparison of digital focus criteria for a TV microscope system.
AB  - Existing focusing methods, such as standard deviation of gray values, gradients,
      information content of the image and the lateral inhibition function, were
      compared, and a new combination criterion was developed. This combined method
      consists of using the standard deviation of the image for coarse focusing
      followed by a modified form of the lateral inhibition for the fine focus. The
      lateral inhibitor model of the eye is a recursive filter that can be simplified
      to a nonrecursive filtering algorithm, as postulated by Rechenberg. The reported
      focus method operates over a focusing range (z-axis) of +/- 300 micron and is
      accurate within +/- 0.1 micron in the transmission, dark-field, and phase
      contrast microscope.

PMID- 6375999
TI  - Image processing for mitoses in sections of breast cancer: a feasibility study.
AB  - This paper describes an image analysis technique for the counting of nuclei in
      mitosis in tissue sections. Five experienced pathologists scored mitoses in
      photographs of preselected areas of tissue sections of the breast. Objects
      consistently labelled as mitotic cells by all five pathologists were considered
      "mitoses" in the analysis. In total, there were 45 mitotic nuclei, 68 possible
      mitotic nuclei and 1,172 nonmitotic nuclei. The image analysis procedure was
      designed to give priority to a low false negative rate, i.e., misclassification
      of mitoses. The procedure consists of three steps: 1. Segmentation of the image.
      2. Reduction of the number of nonmitotic nuclei by using feature values based on
      the brightness histogram of the objects. 3. Fully automatic classification of the
      remaining objects using contour features. The objects remaining after the first
      two steps were visualized in a composite display for interactive evaluation: 10%
      of the mitotic nuclei were missed, and 85% of the nonmitotic nuclei were
      eliminated. The result of the fully automatic procedure described in this paper
      is rather disappointing and gave a loss of 37% of the mitoses while 5% of the
      nonmitotic nuclei remained.

PMID- 6376000
TI  - Reduced insulin endocytosis in serum-transformed fibroblasts demonstrated by flow
      cytometry.
AB  - Neoplastic transformation often results in the loss of growth control and
      concomitant changes in cell surface properties. The changes in endocytosis of a
      variety of probes after serum or anchorage transformation were measured for mouse
      fibroblasts by flow cytofluorometry. No major differences in dextran (fluid
      phase) or histone (nonspecific-adsorptive) endocytosis were observed among four
      cell lines with different growth properties. However, decreased receptor-mediated
      internalization of alpha 2-macroglobulin was observed for cell lines transformed
      to either serum or anchorage independence. Furthermore, increased wheat germ
      agglutinin and decreased insulin endocytosis were observed, but only in serum
      transformants. The changes specific to serum transformants were not accounted for
      by changes in binding of wheat germ agglutinin or insulin. The possible
      implications of these observations regarding serum transformation and the insulin
      requirement for growth in serum-free medium are discussed.

PMID- 6376001
TI  - Rectopexy to the promontory for the treatment of rectal prolapse. Report of 257
      cases.
AB  - From 1953 to 1982, 257 patients with complete rectal prolapse were operated upon.
      To the procedure described by Orr, we have added mobilization of the rectum prior
      to its suspension and eliminated the pouch of Douglas, and nylon strips have been
      used for suspension in most patients. There were 57 male and 200 female patients.
      Ages ranged from 11 to 90 years. Sixty-one patients had already undergone surgery
      for rectal prolapse with another procedure and prolapse had recurred. The
      postoperative course was uneventful in 96 per cent of patients. Two patients,
      aged 79 to 83 years, died of cardiac failure. Follow-up of 115 patients ranged
      from five to 23 years. Recurrent rectal prolapse was observed in 4.3 per cent of
      the patients in whom nylon strips were used to suspend the rectum. In 136
      patients anal incontinence was associated with rectal prolapse. Normal continence
      was restored in 84.1 per cent of 107 patients with rectopexy alone and in 64.2
      per cent of 14 patients who underwent rectopexy and anal sphincter repair. It is
      concluded that rectopexy to the promontory with nylon strips after mobilization
      of the rectum is a safe and efficient procedure for the treatment of rectal
      prolapse.

PMID- 6376002
TI  - Rectal procidentia in elderly and debilitated patients. Experience with the
      Altemeier procedure.
AB  - The term "rectal procidentia" implies circumferential full-thickness descent of
      the rectum through the anal sphincter. This condition occurs because of several
      structural and anatomic changes and offers a challenge in its management. There
      are over 50 different surgical procedures described to correct this condition.
      Unfortunately, when it occurs in the elderly and infirm, there is very little
      that can be done. Such poor-risk patients should be managed with a perineal
      repair as described by Altemeier. The purpose of this article is to review our
      results and experiences with Altemeier's procedure in managing rectal procidentia
      in elderly and debilitated patients.

PMID- 6376003
TI  - Loop ileostomy. Techniques and indications.
AB  - The records of 15 patients whose surgical treatment involved the construction of
      a loop ileostomy were reviewed. Indications for loop ileostomy include the
      necessity to protect multiple or complicated anastomoses, the protection of
      ileorectal anastomoses in patients with inflammatory disease, and the necessity
      of diverting the flow of intestinal contents in patients with fulminant
      inflammatory bowel disease. The technique of constructing and taking down a loop
      ileostomy is described.

PMID- 6376004
TI  - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. Claude F. Dixon 1893-1968.
      Anterior resection for malignant lesions of the upper part of the rectum and
      lower part of the sigmoid.

PMID- 6376006
TI  - Intensified insulin therapy in the type I diabetic adolescent: a controlled
      trial.
AB  - The effects of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), intensified
      conventional therapy (ICT), and a combination of CSII and ICT (CSII-ICT) on
      metabolic control were compared in a group of twenty type I diabetic adolescents
      who had previously failed to respond to twice-daily injections and home glucose
      monitoring. A marked improvement in control was observed when mean glycemia and
      glycosylated hemoglobin A1 (HbA1) were compared with conventional therapy (CT).
      In the course of CSII, a lower HbA1 (P less than 0.05) and mean capillary blood
      glucose (CBG) (P less than 0.04) were observed than during ICT and CSII-ICT.
      Acceptability of CSII was greater than that of ICT and CSII-ICT, with 50% of the
      patients opting for this therapy at the end of the 1-yr trial. The marked
      improvement of control observed under CSII for the group as a whole was
      maintained after 6 mo of completion of the study. Thus, it appears that in type I
      diabetic adolescents CSII is more effective and acceptable than ICT and CSII-ICT.

PMID- 6376005
TI  - Altered motility and duration of bacterial overgrowth in experimental blind loop
      syndrome.
AB  - To better understand the pathogenesis of the increased motility previously
      described in the blind loop rat, we studied the relationship between duration of
      bacterial overgrowth and both myoelectric activity and bacterial flora in this
      model. Myoelectric studies and quantitative bacterial cultures were performed on
      self-filling and self-emptying (control) blind loop rats one, two, and three
      weeks postoperatively. All self-filling blind loop rats had greater random action
      potential activity and higher frequencies of migrating action potential complexes
      than controls (P less than 0.05). One-week self-filling blind loop rats had a
      higher frequency of migrating action potential complexes (P less than 0.05) and a
      higher ratio of counts of Escherichia coli to Bacteroides species (P less than
      0.05) than the two- or three-week self-filling blind loop groups. Thus,
      qualitative changes in myoelectric activity occur during the development of
      bacterial overgrowth in the blind loop rat which may reflect evolving alterations
      in the bacterial flora.

PMID- 6376007
TI  - Traditional insulin-use practices and the incidence of bacterial contamination
      and infection.
AB  - While complex procedures are usually recommended to prevent infection at insulin
      injection sites, adherence to these procedures is imperfect and their value
      incompletely established. Among 254 adult insulin users in two clinic
      populations, the reported prevalence of complete performance of four traditional
      insulin-use practices (handwashing, vial prep, skin prep, discarding of plastic
      syringes after one use) was 29%, and none of the individual practices considered
      was performed regularly by more than two-thirds of the subjects. Even so, there
      was no infection at 2828 injection sites, and there was no significant bacterial
      contamination of insulin or syringes. These findings fail to support the view
      that traditional practices provide protection to insulin users against infection
      or bacterial growth in insulin or syringes. The authors suggest that modification
      of traditional teaching methods would do no harm, and that benefits could include
      financial savings, improved client success with self-care, and enhanced health
      care provider credibility.

PMID- 6376008
TI  - Semisynthetic human insulin: biologic and immunologic activity in newly treated
      diabetic subjects during a six-month follow-up.
AB  - Biologic and immunogenic activities of semisynthetic human monocomponent insulins
      were examined in insulin-dependent diabetic patients (group 1). Patients treated
      with porcine monocomponent (group 2) and conventional (group 3) insulins were
      studied for control purposes. The patients were examined before the beginning of
      insulin treatment and for a 6-mo follow-up period. The data collected during the
      study show that insulin antibody levels were significantly lower in group 1 than
      in groups 2 and 3. Furthermore, the prevalence of immune complexes assays with
      the C1q solid phase technique failed to reveal any differences between the three
      groups. When the conglutinin binding test was used, the prevalence of immune
      complexes showed a slight but not significant reduction in group 1 and a
      significant increase in group 3. The metabolic control was similar in the three
      groups during follow-up and the insulin requirement was lower, but not
      significantly, in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3. These data suggest that with
      human monocomponent insulins equivalent glycemic control may be achieved at
      similar doses than those required with porcine monocomponent insulins.
      Furthermore, human insulin is the least immunogenic of the present available
      insulins.

PMID- 6376009
TI  - Kinetics and metabolic activity of biosynthetic NPH insulin evaluated by the
      glucose clamp technique.
AB  - The glucose clamp technique has been used to evaluate the metabolic activity of
      NPH biosynthetic insulin in diabetic subjects free from anti-insulin antibodies.
      After overnight blood glucose normalization with a glucose-controlled insulin
      infusion system (Biostator), an s.c. injection of NPH insulin was given in the
      abdominal region. The insulin dose (0.236 +/- 0.05 U/kg body wt) was related to
      the usual intermediate-acting insulin requirement in the morning. Glucose was
      clamped at 100 mg/dl by a feedback i.v. glucose infusion. The end of the action
      of s.c. injected insulin considered conventionally to be the time of the
      spontaneous rise of blood glucose to 110 mg/dl. Free insulin levels were higher
      and the length of action was longer after NPH porcine than after NPH biosynthetic
      human insulin (BHI) (area under the free insulin curve: porcine 1423 +/- 556
      mU/L/h; BHI 1045 +/- 338 mU/L/h, P less than 0.05; length of action: porcine 16.0
      +/- 3.2 h; BHI 13.7 +/- 0.9 h, P less than 0.05); the glucose requirement was
      higher after porcine (76.8 +/- 13.5 g) than after BHI (58.5 +/- 14.6 g) without
      reaching statistical significance. However, the metabolic activity of the
      bioavailable insulin (index of plasma free insulin activity) was similar for the
      two insulins (porcine 381 +/- 77.4, BHI 342.8 +/- 54.2 mU/L/g of glucose/h). We
      conclude that a difference in pharmacokinetics exists between NPH BHI and porcine
      NPH insulin, which makes the latter metabolically more active. The different
      behavior does not seem to be related to the insulin molecule itself but could be
      a consequence of the unequal content of protamine in the two pharmacologic
      preparations.

PMID- 6376010
TI  - Dietary pectin and glycemic control in diabetes.
AB  - Seventeen diabetic subjects requiring insulin and who exhibited glycemic
      stability over a 9-12-mo control period received 5 g of pectin with each meal and
      at bedtime for 3 mo. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and glycosylated serum protein were
      measured in each patient on multiple occasions to assess glycemic control. No
      clear-cut change in these measurements occurred during the period of pectin
      ingestion. These data are not consistent with a beneficial effect of high-pectin
      diets in people with diabetes.

PMID- 6376011
TI  - Effect of propranolol on delayed glucose recovery after insulin-induced
      hypoglycemia in normal and diabetic subjects.
AB  - In order to evaluate the influence of beta-adrenergic blockade on recovery from
      insulin-induced hypoglycemia, we compared the effect of saline or propranolol
      infusion during concomitant hypoglycemia in normal and type I diabetic persons.
      The diabetic subjects were initially rendered euglycemic with a basal insulin
      infusion. Glucose turnover was measured using [3-3H]glucose tracer. Propranolol
      caused a small but significant delay in glucose recovery in normal subjects, with
      plasma glucose only 80% of the values seen during saline infusion 1 h after
      hypoglycemia (P less than 0.005). This delay was caused by a 70% reduction in the
      rebound glucose output, which was responsible for posthypoglycemic recovery. In
      the diabetic subjects, glucose recovery was significantly delayed as compared
      with that in normal persons, even in the absence of propranolol, and associated
      with reduced secretion of epinephrine and glucagon. Moreover, the addition of
      propranolol caused a further 50% reduction in glucose recovery such that plasma
      glucose remained below 50 mg/dl for 3 h. In contrast to normals, propranolol did
      not inhibit the already blunted rebound in glucose output. However, propranolol
      prevented the decline in glucose utilization that occurred when saline alone was
      infused. During saline infusion, glucose uptake was at basal rates by 60 min
      whereas, during propranolol administration, glucose uptake remained above
      baseline until 180 min (P less than 0.01). Thus, propranolol may interfere with
      glucose recovery after insulin-induced hypoglycemia in diabetic patients by
      blocking epinephrine's inhibition of glucose utilization whereas, in normals,
      propranolol's effect is largely accounted for by blockade of epinephrine-induced
      hepatic glucose production.

PMID- 6376012
TI  - Mumps infection and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).
AB  - In order to select a population at risk for the development of diabetes for a
      prospective study of the relationship of islet cell antibodies (ICA), islet cell
      surface antibodies ( ICSA ), and glucose tolerance after mumps infection, we
      carried out a screening program for diabetes. A diabetic survey was conducted
      among 1581 children (less than 16 yr of age) with mumps infection 14 mo before
      the survey, using a brief questionnaire combined with urinary glucose analysis.
      Responses to the screening program were obtained from 68.4% (N = 1080) of the
      children. Out of a total of 1080 subjects, 1069 (99%) had no diabetes mellitus,
      diabetic symptoms, or glucosuria. A "positive urine glucose screen" was obtained
      in 11 subjects (1%) of the study group. These individuals all had a normal oral
      glucose tolerance test according to the new WHO definition. A group of 86
      children was randomly selected from the total group of 1080 children for follow
      up glucose tolerance, ICA, and ICSA . Irrespective of the negative urine glucose
      screen impaired glucose tolerance was diagnosed in 3.5% (N = 3) of the 86
      children. The prevalence of ICA and ICSA was 78% and 36%, respectively. The
      simultaneous prevalence of ICA and ICSA was 33%. The pathogenetic role of mumps
      infection and ICA/ ICSA and their possible relationship to slow progressive beta
      cell destruction remain to be elucidated.

PMID- 6376013
TI  - Periprandial blood glucose and insulin values during the third trimester of
      normal pregnancies.
AB  - In order to determine the normal periprandial blood glucose values during
      gravidity, we studied 17 normal pregnant women, near term of gestation, in their
      homes using test strips and reflectometers . Results show an initial fasting
      level not higher than 80 mg/dl and not lower than 45 mg/dl. In all cases but one
      blood glucose levels were lower than 120 mg/dl, irrespective of when the
      measurements were taken. Insulin determinations permitted us to recognize low and
      high responders, although no differences could be found between them.

PMID- 6376014
TI  - Accelerated bilateral cataract formation in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - A 21-yr-old Caucasian man developed accelerated irreversible dense bilateral
      cataracts 4 wk after control of his newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus (IDDM) and 12 wk after the onset of his symptoms. Although transitory
      cataracts have been identified in patients with newly diagnosed IDDM, there is no
      mention in the literature of irreversible cataract formation this soon after
      diagnosis (see ref. 1).

PMID- 6376015
TI  - Insulin pharmacokinetics.
AB  - Where adjustments of diet, physical activity, and dosage of insulin are well
      known to diabetologists and diabetic patients, present-day knowledge of factors
      of importance to the pharmacokinetics of insulin is frequently ignored. The
      pharmacokinetics of insulin comprise the absorption process, the distribution
      including binding to circulating insulin antibodies, if present, and to insulin
      receptors, and its ultimate degradation and excretion. The distribution and
      metabolism of absorbed insulin follow that of endogenous insulin. The
      distribution and metabolism cannot be actively changed, except in the case of
      circulating insulin antibodies, which in rare cases also may cause insulin
      resistance. The use of insulin preparation of low immunogeneity will avoid or
      reduce this course of variation in action. The absorption process, the detailed
      mechanisms of which are still unknown, is influenced by many variables where some
      can be controlled, thereby reducing the intrapatient variability in insulin
      absorption, which may reach 35%, causing a corresponding metabolic lability.
      Besides the known differences in timing among different preparations, the size of
      dose, the injected volume, and the insulin concentration are determinants of
      absorption role. Fortuitous injection technique contributes to variance, as do
      changes in blood flow of the injected tissue. This may be induced by changes in
      ambient temperature, exercise of injected limb, or local massage. Regional
      differences are also due to differences in blood flow. Serum insulin peaks may
      peak up to 1 h after injection of soluble insulin into the thigh versus into the
      abdominal wall. Local degradation of insulin seems of less importance but may, in
      rare cases, be the cause of high insulin "requirements." Available evidence is
      reviewed and the importance of implementing the consequences in the daily care of
      the insulin-treated patient is emphasized.

PMID- 6376016
TI  - Guar and its effects on metabolic control in type II diabetic subjects.
AB  - The effect of guar mini-tablets (5 g t.i.d.) on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism
      of outpatients with overt diabetes mellitus with glycosuria (is greater than 5
      g/24 h) was determined in an open-controlled, randomized, multicenter, crossover
      study. A 4-wk pretreatment period was followed by a 6-wk treatment period. The
      treatment period consisted of a 2-wk guar period (treatment period II), which was
      followed by the wash-out period. The other half of the patients received
      treatment in the reverse order. Out of 93 patient records, 79 (41 sulfonylurea
      [SU] and 38 insulin-treated) were suitable for statistical analysis. No relevant
      weight-reducing effect of guar could be found in both 2-wk treatment periods. At
      the end of treatment period II, the lowering of the 1-h postprandial values of
      blood glucose (SU 12%, insulin 10%), cholesterol (SU and insulin 25%) was
      significant after 2-wk of guar treatment compared with the wash-out period. No
      clinically relevant changes in the safety laboratory parameters were observed
      during guar treatment. Side effects were observed in 40 of the 93 patients
      included in the trial. Treatment had to be discontinued in 11% of the patients
      due to gastrointestinal side effects. On the basis of our results,guar treatment
      in combination with sulfonylurea and insulin can be recommended for the
      improvement of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.

PMID- 6376017
TI  - Oral propranolol and metoprolol both impair glucose recovery from insulin-induced
      hypoglycemia in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - To the extent that they have deficient glucagon secretory responses to plasma
      glucose decrements, as they commonly do, patients with insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus (IDDM) are dependent on epinephrine-mediated beta-adrenergic mechanisms
      to promote recovery from hypoglycemia. Thus, they are at increased risk for
      prolonged hypoglycemia if treated with a nonselective beta-adrenergic antagonist
      such as propranolol. If the hyperglycemic actions of epinephrine are mediated
      through beta 2-adrenergic mechanisms, therapeutic efficacy (e.g., for
      hypertension or ischemic heart disease) could be accomplished without increased
      risk of hypoglycemia by selective beta 1-adrenergic blockade in such patients.
      However, oral administration of the relatively selective beta 1-adrenergic
      antagonist metoprolol (100 mg) and of the nonselective beta-adrenergic antagonist
      propranolol (80 mg) both impaired recovery from insulin-induced hypoglycemia in
      patients with IDDM. Thus, at a dose of 100 mg, oral metoprolol is not safer than
      oral propranolol with respect to recovery from hypoglycemia in patients with
      IDDM.

PMID- 6376018
TI  - Metabolic response to fasting exercise in adolescent insulin-dependent diabetic
      subjects treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and intensive
      conventional therapy.
AB  - The metabolic effects of moderate exercise in the fasting state were examined in
      12 insulin-dependent diabetic adolescents treated with continuous subcutaneous
      insulin infusion (CSII) or intensive conventional therapy (ICT). Six patients
      received their usual afternoon dose the evening before the study and six received
      their usual infusion rate during exercise. Insulin was injected subcutaneously in
      the abdominal wall. Exercise was performed on a bicycle ergometer for 45 min at
      50% maximum oxygen consumption. Resting plasma glucose values during both CSII
      (114 +/- 18 mg/dl, P less than 0.02) and ICT (136 +/- 30 mg/dl, P less than 0.01)
      were higher than normal (77 +/- 11 mg/dl). Diabetic patients receiving CSII
      showed a sharp decrease in glycemia after 45 min of exercise (77 +/- 18 mg/dl, P
      less than 0.02). In contrast, in patients receiving ICT and in control subjects
      plasma glucose did not change during exercise or recovery. Insulin levels
      decreased significantly during exercise in the control subjects while there was
      no change in plasma free insulin levels during exercise in the diabetic subjects.
      Profiles of intermediary metabolites in response to exercise were similar in all
      groups with no significant differences in resting values between diabetic
      subjects and controls. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion provides near
      normoglycemia in the insulin-dependent diabetic adolescent. However, with the
      basal insulin infusion rate necessary to achieve near-normal fasting blood
      glucose levels, moderate exercise in the postabsorptive state may result in
      hypoglycemia with CSII.

PMID- 6376019
TI  - Pregnancy following renal transplantation in a patient with insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Renal transplantation and peritoneal or hemodialysis are therapeutic options
      increasingly available to diabetic patients with uremia. We report a patient with
      insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and advanced retinopathy and
      nephropathy who had three pregnancies. Her first pregnancy resulted in a living
      female with Pierre-Robin syndrome and arthrogryposis. The second pregnancy, 8 mo
      post-kidney transplantation, necessitated a therapeutic abortion for an
      anencephalic fetus. Her third pregnancy, 22 mo after kidney transplantation, was
      associated with intensive diabetes management and resulted in delivery by
      cesarean section of a healthy boy. Renal and retinal function remained stable
      during both her second and third pregnancies. As more patients with IDDM achieve
      fertility post-renal transplantation, aggressive principles of diabetes
      regulation need to be expanded to include consideration of the interaction of the
      post-kidney-transplant state and diabetes mellitus during pregnancy.

PMID- 6376020
TI  - Reimbursement issues in diabetes.
AB  - Third-party reimbursement for outpatient education services and for new health
      care technologies in diabetes is an issue of concern to educators,
      administrators, and others in the diabetes health care system. Reimbursement for
      outpatient education has been obtained from 11 Blue Cross/Blue Shield plans in
      nine states, six commercial insurance companies in four states, Medicare in five
      states, and Medicaid in one state. Despite these successes, third-party payers
      still must be approached on an individual basis. We review approaches taken by
      different states and diabetes control programs and make recommendations on how to
      request third-party reimbursement for outpatient education services. Third-party
      reimbursement of diabetes-related technologies/services and equipment is found to
      be dependent on the type of coverage the individual has, the state in which he or
      she is located, and the item or procedure covered. Many third-party payers do not
      have stated policies on reimbursement of a particular piece of equipment such as
      the insulin pump, or they do not have consistent, well-communicated standards for
      determining coverage.

PMID- 6376021
TI  - Immunologic abnormalities and type I diabetes.

PMID- 6376022
TI  - Symposium of oral hypoglycemic agents on receptor and postreceptor actin of
      insulin.

PMID- 6376023
TI  - Metformin and insulin receptors.
AB  - We evaluated the effect of metformin (N,N-dimethylbiguanide), a biguanide known
      to be less toxic than phenformin, on insulin binding to its receptors, both in
      vitro and in vivo. Specific 125I-insulin binding to cultured IM-9 human
      lymphocytes and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells was determined after
      preincubation with metformin. Specific 125I-insulin binding to circulating
      monocytes was also evaluated in six controls, eight obese subjects, and six obese
      type II diabetic patients before and after a short-term treatment with metformin
      (850 mg orally, b.i.d., for 4 days). Plasma insulin levels and blood glucose were
      also measured on both occasions. Metformin significantly increased insulin
      binding in vitro to both IM-9 lymphocytes and MCF-7 cells; the maximum increment
      was 47.1% and 38.0%, respectively. Metformin treatment significantly increased
      insulin binding in vivo to monocytes of obese subjects (+ 31%, P less than 0.05)
      and diabetic patients (+ 63%, P less than 0.01). Scatchard analysis indicated
      that the increased binding was mainly due to an increase in receptor capacity.
      Insulin binding to monocytes of normal controls was unchanged after metformin as
      were insulin levels in all groups; blood glucose was significantly reduced after
      metformin only in diabetic patients. These data indicate that metformin increases
      insulin binding to its receptors in vitro and in vivo. The effect in vivo is
      observed in obese subjects and in obese type II diabetic patients, paralleling
      the clinical effectiveness of this antidiabetic agent, and is not due to receptor
      regulation by circulating insulin, since no variation in insulin levels was
      recorded. By this mechanism, therefore, metformin may contribute to restoring
      insulin effectiveness in subjects with impaired insulin responsiveness.

PMID- 6376024
TI  - Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a clinical strategy.
AB  - In non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), there are defects in both
      islet beta cell function (insulin secretion) and in insulin action. It is
      proposed that these may be two manifestations of a common defect involving
      glucose metabolism. These may be a consequence of some aspect of the insulin
      deficient state, e.g., insulin deficiency or hyperglycemia. This implies that the
      defects of NIDDM are both "feed-forward" (i.e., they lessen with improvement of
      the metabolic state) and "fail-backward" (i.e., emerging defects in islet beta
      cell function and insulin action aggravate each other). A subclassification of
      NIDDM is proposed, based on presumed pathophysiologic defects. This
      subclassification divides patients, on the basis of fasting (basal) plasma
      glucose and postprandial glucose response to meals, into four categories: mild,
      moderate, severe, and very severe. The therapeutic strategies for these four
      categories are slightly different. Diet and exercise are always a component of
      therapy. Sulfonylureas are used, as needed, in patients with mild or moderate
      NIDDM. Basal insulin therapy may be used in moderate NIDDM. Some form of around
      the-clock insulin therapy is used for patients with severe NIDDM. Very severe
      NIDDM is treated by more intensive insulin therapy.

PMID- 6376025
TI  - Insulin secretion and insulin action in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus:
      which defect is primary?
AB  - Defects in both insulin secretion and insulin action exist in patients with non
      insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The loss of the acute plasma insulin
      response to intravenous glucose is seen in patients with relatively mild degrees
      of fasting hyperglycemia, but patients with severe fasting hyperglycemia also
      demonstrate absolute hypoinsulinemia in response to an oral glucose challenge. In
      contrast, day-long circulating insulin levels are within normal limits even in
      severely hyperglycemic patients with NIDDM. The relationship between NIDDM and
      insulin action in NIDDM is less complex, and is a characteristic feature of the
      syndrome. This metabolic defect is independent of obesity, and the severity of
      the resistance to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake increases with magnitude of
      hyperglycemia. Control of hyperglycemia with exogenous insulin ameliorates the
      degree of insulin resistance, and reduction of insulin resistance with weight
      loss in obese patients with NIDDM leads to an enhanced insulin response. Since
      neither therapeutic intervention is capable of restoring all metabolic
      abnormalities to normal, these observations do not tell us which of these two
      defects is primarily responsible for the development of NIDDM. Similarly, the
      observation that most patients with impaired glucose tolerance are
      hyperinsulinemic and insulin resistant does not prove that insulin resistance is
      the primary defect in NIDDM. In conclusion, reduction in both insulin secretion
      and action is seen in patients with NIDDM, and the relationship between these two
      metabolic abnormalities is very complex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6376026
TI  - Acute and chronic effects of sulfonylurea drugs on pancreatic islet function in
      man.
AB  - The pancreatic islet can be viewed as an integrator of nutrient, neural, and
      hormonal signals. In normal people, glucose directly stimulates insulin release
      and also plays a key role as a potentiator of nonglucose stimulants of the B
      cells. In patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), the
      direct effect of glucose on insulin secretion is markedly impaired. However, as
      hyperglycemia develops, basal insulin levels and insulin responses to nonglucose
      signals are maintained in many NIDD patients by the potentiating effect of
      hyperglycemia. Both acute and chronic administration of sulfonylurea drugs
      results in enhanced B-cell sensitivity to the potentiating effect of glucose.
      During sulfonylurea therapy this effect initially causes an increase in insulin
      level. However, as the glucose level falls during therapy the insulin level may
      tend to return toward pretreatment values, thereby masking the improvement of B
      cell function. In NIDD patients with mild to moderate hyperglycemia (fasting
      plasma glucose less than 200 mg/dl), chronic sulfonylurea therapy results in the
      maintenance of near-normal insulin levels, but at a lower plasma glucose level.
      In patients with more severely impaired B-cell function, whose insulin levels
      before therapy are subnormal despite marked hyperglycemia, there is a net
      absolute increase in insulin levels during chronic sulfonylurea administration.
      Thus, some NIDD patients may show an increase in basal insulin levels during
      chronic sulfonylurea therapy while others may not; however, all patients who
      respond to sulfonylureas demonstrate increased B-cell sensitivity to glucose.
      Acute and chronic sulfonylurea treatment also results in a suppression of
      glucagon levels, an effect that may be secondary to the enhancement of B-cell
      function. The fall of plasma glucose during chronic sulfonylurea therapy is
      associated with a decrease in hepatic glucose production in NIDD patients. The
      magnitude of this effect is correlated with the degree of enhancement of basal
      insulin secretion. Thus, chronic sulfonylurea therapy clearly enhances pancreatic
      islet function in patients with NIDDM. We postulate that the major
      antihyperglycemic action of sulfonylurea therapy is mediated by this pancreatic
      effect.

PMID- 6376027
TI  - Sulfonylureas: background and development of the field.
AB  - This paper traces the growth of the field from the incidental finding of the
      hypoglycemic "side effect" of certain antibacterial sulfonamides and
      sulfonylureas (1942), to the establishment of islet beta cell stimulation and
      insulin release as a major mechanism of action of these drugs (1946), to the more
      recent findings that additional effects exist on the level of cell metabolism and
      its regulation by hormones. These changing concepts of mechanism have influenced
      the clinical uses of these drugs.

PMID- 6376028
TI  - Sulfonylurea effects on target tissues for insulin.
AB  - We have examined the nonpancreatic actions of sulfonylureas on multiple aspects
      of insulin responsiveness in two target tissues for insulin, liver and fat. In
      vivo administration of tolazamide and glipizide reduced significantly the
      postabsorptive serum glucose levels in rats without altering the levels of
      insulin. This was consistent with extrapancreatic sites of drug action. The
      number and affinity of hepatic insulin receptors was not different from those of
      control rats. Using a tissue culture system for rat adipose tissue, a 20-h
      treatment with sulfonylureas markedly potentiated insulin action in fat cells.
      The primary augmentation was at the level of insulin-stimulated glucose
      transport. Again, there was no alteration of the insulin receptors located on the
      adipose tissue. Furthermore, consistent with the lack of an influence on insulin
      induced receptor loss after in vitro treatment with sulfonylureas, the in vivo
      administration of these agents did not alter the transglutaminase activity in rat
      hepatic tissue. The data demonstrate that sulfonylureas potentiate the
      responsiveness of the target tissues for insulin. Thus, these hypoglycemic agents
      probably act by correcting some of the cellular lesions associated with the
      insulin resistance in type II diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6376029
TI  - Hepatic insulin resistance in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and the
      effects of a sulfonylurea in potentiating insulin action.
AB  - We have utilized primary cultures of rat hepatocytes to study insulin resistance
      in the liver of nonketotic streptozotocin-diabetic animals. Diabetes mellitus is
      associated with insulin resistance with regard to hepatic lipogenesis. This
      resistance is profound at serum glucose levels above 400 mg/dl and, below that,
      inversely related to the serum glucose. The insulin resistance can be reversed by
      in vivo treatment of animals with insulin, indicating that the resistance to
      insulin is secondary to the diabetic state. However, the in vitro treatment of
      primary cultures of hepatocytes with insulin, a variety of glycolytic
      intermediates, or a combination of the two does not reverse the resistance to
      insulin. Thus, in contrast to cells from fasted animals, in vivo factors other
      than insulin are important to the recovery of hepatic insulin responsiveness.
      With regard to the mechanism of this insulin resistance, insulin binding is
      normal to increased, suggesting postbinding mechanisms. To further define the
      mechanism(s) of insulin resistance, we evaluated the ability of insulin to
      release the putative second messenger of insulin action from a liver particulate
      fraction. Insulin reproducibly and significantly enhanced the release of mediator
      from the liver particulate fraction of control animals, but the particulate
      fraction from diabetic animals was resistant to this effect of insulin. Insulin
      treatment of animals restored the ability of liver particulate fractions to
      release mediator in response to insulin. These data support the concept that
      alterations at or near the plasma membrane can be responsible for or accompany
      the insulin resistance observed in the liver in diabetes mellitus.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6376030
TI  - Non-insulin-dependent diabetes: 10-year outcome in relation to initial response
      to diet and subsequent sulfonylurea therapy.
AB  - Thirty-eight non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients within 130% of desirable
      body weight were given a 100-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at diagnosis
      and after at least 1 mo of dietary treatment with energy and carbohydrate
      restriction. Thirteen "responders" showed an improvement in fasting blood
      glucose, glucose tolerance, and insulin secretion, with near-normalization of
      plasma, lactate, pyruvate, free fatty acids, glycerol, and ketone bodies. There
      were no significant changes in the 25 "non-responders." The responders were, at
      diagnosis, heavier than the non-responders (75.5 versus 64.3 kg, P less than
      0.01). Twenty non-responders subsequently completed a prospective controlled
      study of glibenclamide, chlorpropamide, and placebo lasting for 16 mo with OGTTs
      at the end of each 4-mo treatment phase. The results showed that there were no
      significant differences between the metabolic effects of glibenclamide and
      chlorpropamide. On active treatment, insulin levels rose coincident with a fall
      in fasting blood glucose and an improvement in glucose tolerance and near
      normalization of plasma lactate, pyruvate, free fatty acids, glycerol, and ketone
      bodies, all of which relapsed to initial values after placebo. Ten years after
      the initial study, 29 of the original patients were traced and reviewed and the
      outcome related to their earlier tests. Twenty-two percent of the responders and
      70% of the non-responders were now on insulin (P less than 0.02); the initial
      insulin response to OGTT at the end of the diet treatment was significantly lower
      in those subsequently treated with insulin (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6376031
TI  - Cellular loci of sulfonylurea actions.
AB  - Sulfonylurea drugs exert their chronic antidiabetic actions through both
      extrapancreatic and pancreatic effects. The major extrapancreatic effect is a
      potentiation of insulin action. Evidence exists to suggest that this potentiation
      of insulin action occurs at a postreceptor site in insulin-sensitive cells;
      however, it is not possible to exclude absolutely some contributory primary
      effect on increasing insulin receptor binding. Not all insulin-sensitive tissues
      and processes are equally affected by sulfonylureas. Acute pancreatic actions of
      sulfonylureas include stimulation of basal and nutrient-stimulated insulin
      secretion. Impairment of proinsulin biosynthesis and in some instances inhibition
      of nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion may follow chronic (greater than several
      months) administration of sulfonylureas. The acute sulfonylurea-stimulated
      secretion of insulin is probably the result of sulfonylurea binding to the beta
      cell plasma membrane followed by alterations in ionic fluxes. Whether the
      extrapancreatic potentiation of insulin action results from a similar mechanism
      of action is presently unknown.

PMID- 6376032
TI  - Cellular signaling by the insulin receptor.
AB  - Cellular signaling by insulin is initiated by specific membrane receptors that
      have been characterized as large multimeric disulfide-linked protein complexes
      with a minimal subunit structure of (beta-S-S-alpha)-S-S-(alpha-S-S-beta), where
      the alpha- and beta-subunits are about 125,000 and 90,000 daltons, respectively.
      The disulfides in this structure are of two classes based on their differential
      sensitivity to reductants (Massague, J., and Czech, M. P., J. Biol. Chem. 1982;
      257:6729-35). An important recent discovery is that the insulin receptor, either
      in crude detergent extracts or after purification by affinity chromatography, is
      associated with insulin-activatable tyrosine phosphokinase activity and is itself
      autophosphorylated (Kasuga, M., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1983; 80:2137
      41). We demonstrate here that insulin receptor kinase activity is readily
      monitored while the receptor is absorbed onto insulin-agarose, using [gamma
      32]ATP and histone as substrate. Phosphorylation of histone and the receptor beta
      subunit on tyrosine residues is dependent on time, temperature, and Mn2+ in this
      system. The immobilized insulin receptor kinase is activated by prior
      phosphorylation with ATP, indicating that the autophosphorylation plays an
      important role in regulating receptor kinase activity. That the insulin receptor
      tyrosine kinase activity may be involved in initiating the mechanism of insulin
      action is currently an attractive hypothesis. A second working model of insulin
      action proposes that one or more soluble factors are released into the cell in
      response to insulin as suggested by studies using muscle and fat cell
      extracts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6376033
TI  - The impact of sulfonylurea treatment upon the mechanisms responsible for the
      insulin resistance in type II diabetes.
AB  - Insulin resistance is a characteristic feature of patients with type II diabetes
      mellitus as well as patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). The cause of
      the insulin resistance in patients with IGT appears to be solely related to a
      decrease in the number of cellular insulin receptors, causing a decrease in
      insulin sensitivity. On the other hand, the mechanisms of the insulin resistance
      in patients with type II diabetes mellitus are heterogeneous; in these subjects a
      combination of receptor and postreceptor defects exists, and the relative
      contribution of these two abnormalities to the overall insulin-resistant state
      differs depending on the severity of the diabetes. In those patients with the
      greatest degree of fasting hyperglycemia, the postreceptor defect is clearly the
      predominant abnormality. In addition to resistance to insulin's effects to
      promote glucose disposal, type II diabetic patients also exhibit a marked
      increase in the rate of entry of glucose into the circulation from the liver, as
      manifested by accelerated rates of hepatic glucose production. Sulfonylureas
      exert potent extrapancreatic effects that partially correct all of the
      abnormalities present in the type II diabetic state. Thus, after 3 mo of
      glyburide treatment, glycemic control is markedly improved and this is
      accompanied by an increase in insulin secretion, no change in cellular insulin
      receptors, decreased hepatic glucose production rates, and an increase in overall
      insulin-mediated glucose disposal. After 18 mo of glyburide treatment, an
      increase in insulin secretion can no longer be demonstrated, whereas insulin
      binding to receptors is now significantly increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6376034
TI  - Prolonged sulfonylurea administration decreases insulin resistance and increases
      insulin secretion in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: evidence for
      improved insulin action at a postreceptor site in hepatic as well as extrahepatic
      tissues.
AB  - To determine whether long-term sulfonylurea therapy ameliorates glucose
      homeostasis in patients with NIDDM predominantly by improving insulin secretion
      or by improving insulin action, we evaluated changes in fasting plasma glucose
      concentrations, intravenous glucose tolerance, glucose-stimulated insulin
      secretion, facilitation of glucose disposal by exogenous insulin, and erythrocyte
      insulin receptor binding before and after prolonged (congruent to 4 mo)
      administration of tolazamide to 18 patients with NIDDM. Before tolazamide
      administration, 15 patients had decreased insulin secretion (50 +/- 31 vs 577 +/-
      176 microU/ml X 10 min in nondiabetic subjects, P less than 0.05) and insulin
      resistance (Km 166 +/- 31 vs 58 +/- 3 microU/ml in nondiabetic subjects, P less
      than 0.05; Vmax 7.3 +/- 0.6 vs 9.8 +/- 0.2 mg/kg/min in nondiabetic subjects, P
      less than 0.05), whereas the other three patients had comparably impaired insulin
      secretion (56 +/- 52 microU/ml X min) but were not insulin resistant (Km 70 +/- 6
      microU/ml; Vmax 10.8 +/- 0.6 mg/kg/min). The insulin-resistant patients had
      fasting hyperinsulinemia (19 +/- 4 vs 11 +/- 1 microU/ml in nondiabetic subjects,
      P less than 0.05), decreased erythrocyte insulin receptor binding (4.8 +/- 0.4 vs
      5.8 +/- 0.3%/1.6 X 10(9) cells in nondiabetic subjects, P less than 0.05), and
      impairment in both insulin-induced suppression of glucose production (Km 97 +/-
      31 vs 21 +/- 7 microU/ml in nondiabetic subjects, P less than 0.05), and insulin
      induced stimulation of glucose utilization (Km and Vmax 176 +/- 29 microU/ml and
      5.8 +/- 0.7 mg/kg/min vs 50 +/- 2 microU/ml and 9.1 +/- 0.6 mg/kg/min in
      nondiabetic subjects, both P less than 0.05). The nonresistant patients were not
      hyperinsulinemic (12 +/- micU/ml), had normal insulin receptor binding (5.9 +/-
      0.5%/1.6 X 10(9) cells), and were less hyperglycemic than the insulin-resistant
      patients (128 +/- 11 vs 181 +/- 12 mg/dl, P less than 0.05). After tolazamide
      administration, both the early phase of glucose-induced insulin secretion (56 +/-
      52 vs 141 +/- 68 microU/ml . 10 min) and insulin binding (5.9 +/- 0.5 vs 7.0 +/-
      0.5%/1.6 X 10(9) cells) increased in all three nonresistant patients, but there
      was no consistent improvement in fasting hyperglycemia (128 +/- 11 vs 130 +/- 24
      mg/dl), intravenous glucose tolerance (Kivgtt 0.77 +/- 0.18 vs 0.89 +/-
      0.29%/min), or facilitation of glucose disposal by insulin (Km 70 +/- 5 vs 64 +/-
      5 microU/ml; Vmax 10.8 +/- 0.6 vs 10.1 +/- 0.2 mg/kg/min).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 6376036
TI  - The paediatric scene.

PMID- 6376037
TI  - Intensified insulin treatment in diabetic pregnancy.

PMID- 6376038
TI  - Normal electroretinogram and no toxicity signs after chronic and acute
      administration of the alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor 4-methylpyrazole to the
      cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)--a possible new treatment of methanol
      poisoning.
AB  - High doses of 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP) could be administered to monkeys in long-
      and short-term experiments without yielding any general toxicity or any toxic
      influence on the retinal photoreceptors, the conduction of impulses through the
      retina or on the activity in the inner nuclear layer detectable by recording the
      electroretinogram (ERG). Both series included a low dose (20 mg/kg) and a high
      dose level (100 mg/kg), the former being a tentative therapeutic dose. In the
      first series the substance was administered for 6 weeks and the toxicity
      regarding clinical signs, hematology and blood chemistry, and gross and
      microscopic pathology evaluated. Furthermore ophthalmoscopy with assessment of
      the fundus structures and recordings of the ERG were performed. The second series
      was mainly concerned with revealing of any direct effect of 4-MP on the ERG.
      Because of the low toxicity of 4-MP and its powerful inhibitory capacity on
      alcohol dehydrogenase, the substance should prove a potential tool in clinical
      alcohol research and an effective antidote in clinical situations where
      inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is the key to a successful outcome of,
      for example, methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning.

PMID- 6376039
TI  - Chemotherapy and periodontal disease--a review.
AB  - Periodontal diseases are common, inflammatory infections of the mouth of
      microbiological etiology. Therapy traditionally focuses on professional tooth
      cleaning and debridement. Recent research has investigated the efficacy of
      antibiotic therapy, as well as the use of various other agents. Although
      protocols still are being developed, pharmacists can expect increasing use of
      these medications by dentists in the future.

PMID- 6376035
TI  - The effect of immunological and non-immunological factors on corneal graft
      survival. A single center study.

PMID- 6376040
TI  - Heparin interferes with tobramycin serum concentration determinations by Emit.
AB  - Enzyme multiplied immunoassay (Emit) commonly is used to determine aminoglycoside
      concentrations. Its accuracy generally is comparable to that of radioimmunoassay
      (RIA). Poor reproducibility and questionable quantitation by the Emit assay have
      been reported when heparinized, severely lipemic, or icteric samples have been
      used. However, the significance of these interferences is documented poorly. We
      observed a ESRD patient in whom the underestimation by Emit of the tobramycin
      concentration in a plasma sample (heparin concentration of 41 U/ml) could have
      resulted in excessive drug administration and potential toxicity. Tobramycin
      therapy was initiated with a loading dose of 1.6 mg/kg and three tobramycin
      concentrations were obtained (2, 12, and 36 hours post-infusion) to define the
      patient's pharmacokinetic parameters. The first and third samples were collected
      in serum specimen tubes while the second sample was collected in a plasma tube.
      The tobramycin concentration in the plasma sample measured by Emit was 82 percent
      lower than the RIA value. Analyses of other samples by both procedures revealed
      no clinically significant differences. This case demonstrates that the presence
      of heparin may interfere with the Emit tobramycin assay in the clinical setting.
      The degree of reduction in tobramycin concentrations may be dramatic and
      potentially can alter a patients apparent tobramycin dosing requirements. Further
      investigation is warranted.

PMID- 6376042
TI  - [Salmon calcitonin in metastatic bone pain. Demonstration of acute analgesia in
      tumor patients].
AB  - Infusion of 200 IU Calcitonin-Sandoz in 20 of 44 hospitalized patients with
      malignant tumor suffering from chronic severe pain due to bone metastases,
      reduced the intensity of pain and with it the need for analgesics for an average
      of 10 hours. The result points to an analgesic potential of salmon-calcitonin.

PMID- 6376041
TI  - [Postoperative immunostimulation in non-small-cell bronchial carcinoma. Outcome
      and complications].
AB  - In two prospective, randomized clinical studies Corynebacterium parvum (C.p.),
      BCG or 0.9% saline solution were injected intrapleurally once between the 6th and
      12th postoperative day in 878 patients with resected, non-oatcell bronchial
      carcinoma (stage I and II). The rate of complications following C.p.-instillation
      (chest pain, fever) was relatively low compared to partially serious
      complications following injection of BCG, especially in patients who underwent
      pneumonectomy (21.8% empyema compared to 3.2% in the placebo group). After an
      average follow-up of 4.6 years in the first study, 110 of 207 C.p.-treated
      patients (53%) were dead compared to 82 of 198 in the placebo group (41%). The
      difference is statistically significant (P less than 0.02). In the second study,
      79 out of 197 BCG-treated patients (40%) were dead after an average follow-up of
      2.8 years compared to 71 out of 208 placebo-treated patients (34%). This
      difference is not statistically significant. From these data it is concluded that
      postoperative immunotherapy as performed in these studies is not only of no
      benefit to the patients, but might even be detrimental as a result of an
      increased posttherapeutic complication rate and a partially diminished
      expectation of life.

PMID- 6376043
TI  - [Primary prevention of coronary disease by modification of the lipids].

PMID- 6376044
TI  - [Does normalization of metabolism in diabetes mellitus cause regression of the
      neuropathy?].

PMID- 6376046
TI  - [Critical remarks on trimethoprim/sulfonamide combinations in veterinary
      medicine].

PMID- 6376045
TI  - [Adjuvant therapy in colonic cancer].

PMID- 6376047
TI  - [Importance of precolostral inoculation of piglets with porcine enterovirus
      serotype 2 for the course of a postcolostral infection with Bordetella
      bronchiseptica].

PMID- 6376048
TI  - [Intestinal parasites and lungworms of donkeys in Germany: age-related evaluation
      of the extent of infections and species composition].

PMID- 6376049
TI  - [Electrolyte content in saliva, serum and rumen juice of healthy cattle and
      cattle with ingesta passage disorders caused by abomasal displacement].

PMID- 6376050
TI  - [Effect of Cytran, a magnesium-containing feed supplement on the properties of
      meat from of stress-resistant and stress-susceptible swine].

PMID- 6376051
TI  - [Lactose content of urine and milk of cattle with subclinical B-streptococcal
      mastitis].

PMID- 6376052
TI  - [Tolazoline as a xylazine antagonist in cattle].

PMID- 6376053
TI  - [Significance of the DNase activity of animal staphylococci].

PMID- 6376054
TI  - Effects of neurotoxic agents on behavior.

PMID- 6376055
TI  - Bacterial mutagenicity of natural materials, pyrolysis products and additives in
      foodstuffs and their association with genotoxic effects in mammals.

PMID- 6376056
TI  - Autoimmune reactions and glomerulonephritis caused by heavy metals and other
      toxins.

PMID- 6376057
TI  - Persistence of alkylated sites in DNA and its biological significance.

PMID- 6376059
TI  - Evaluation of the mutagenic potential of corn (Zea mays L.) grown in untreated
      and atrazine (AAtrex) treated soil in the field.
AB  - Bacterial assays using extracts from field corn plants (harvested at one month,
      silage and mature stages) do not indicate that soil treatment with atrazine, at
      its maximum use rate, alters the endogenous mutagens present in these extracts,
      nor that atrazine itself is degraded to mutagenic products. Extracts of corn
      grown in soil treated with AAtrex were equally mutagenic with those of corn grown
      in untreated soil when tested in Salmonella typhimurium TA-100 by a reversion
      assay or in Salmonella typhimurium TM-677 in a forward mutation assay. Higher
      concentrations of histidine in corn grown in AAtrex treated soil may interfere
      with the reversion assay, but do not affect the forward mutation assay. The
      nature of the agent(s) responsible for the positive response was not determined.
      The mutagenicity may be due to natural plant constituents, an artifact of the
      sample preparation, or mycotoxins from some unrecognized plant infection. The
      experimental results in these field studies do not show that atrazine is degraded
      or metabolized by corn plants to mutagens in this sensitive bacterial assay.

PMID- 6376058
TI  - Extra-hepatic GSH-dependent metabolism of 1,2-dibromoethane (DBE) and 1,2-dibromo
      3-chloropropane (DBCP) in the rat and mouse.
AB  - Although DBE is metabolized by both microsomal and cytosolic pathways, it is the
      latter, GSH-dependent route, that may lead to hepatic and extra-hepatic
      genotoxicity and mutagenicity. As both DBE and DBCP exhibit predominantly extra
      hepatic toxicity, their in vitro GSH-dependent debromination was measured in
      cytosolic fractions prepared from liver, kidney, testes and stomachs of Sprague
      Dawley rats and Swiss-Webster mice. There was a marked species difference between
      the rat and mouse, with the rat metabolizing DBCP more rapidly than DBE, and the
      mouse metabolizing DBE more rapidly than DBCP. Hepatic rates exceeded those seen
      in extra-hepatic tissues in every case. Extra-hepatic rates of debromination
      represented as much as 84% of the hepatic rates, and generally followed the
      order: kidney greater than testes greater than stomach. Rates of metabolism for
      DBE and DBCP represented only a small fraction of the total cytosolic GSH S
      transferase activity. These findings suggest significant levels of GSH-dependent
      metabolism may occur within those tissues associated with the in vivo toxicity of
      DBE and DBCP.

PMID- 6376060
TI  - Pharmacologic and toxicologic profile of chymopapain B (Chemolase).
AB  - The median lethal dose (LD50) of chymopapain B in mice was 82 mg/kg (22,000
      units/kg) with 95% confidence limits of 75-90 mg/kg (20, 122-24, 146 units/kg)
      and in rats 92 (24,683 units/kg) with 95% confidence limits of 83-102 mg/kg
      (22,268-27, 366 units/kg). The mechanism of toxicity was hemorrhage due to
      destruction of the cement substance of the blood vessels. Intervertebral disc
      injection of chymopapain B in the rabbit at a dose level of 186 micrograms (50
      units) caused chemonucleolysis in 67% of the rabbits as evidenced by partial
      dissolution of the nucleus pulposus. Chemonucleolysis was also noted at higher
      doses. No adverse affects were noted with a 20 fold increase to 3.7 mg (1000
      units). A dose of 18.6 mg (5000 units)/disc caused paralysis of the hindlegs. A
      dose as high as 26.6 mg (7143 units) /disc caused nearly complete dissolution of
      the nucleus pulposus and can cause disruption of the annulus fibrosus and death.
      Guinea pigs receiving a sensitizing dose of 0.003 mg/kg (0.8 units/kg)
      chymopapain B intraperitoneally six times over two weeks were challenged with an
      intravenous dose of 0.03 mg (8 units)/kg. All animals exhibited marked
      anaphylactic signs with a resulting 50% fatality rate.

PMID- 6376061
TI  - Controlled-release delivery systems for hormones. A review of their properties
      and current therapeutic use.
AB  - Biomedical engineering approaches used to develop controlled-release delivery
      systems for hormones are here reviewed regarding system design and therapeutic
      applications. The biomedical engineering approach uses a system of non-drug
      components to control the rate and duration of hormone delivery. The non-drug
      components vary from system to system, but generally include: a reservoir for the
      hormone; a barrier or regulator to contain the hormone within the reservoir and
      to control its release; an energy source to remove the hormone from the
      reservoir; and a pathway for egress of the hormone from the system. Controlled
      release delivery systems for hormones discussed in this review include mechanical
      and osmotic pumps; intraocular, intravaginal and intrauterine platform devices;
      biodegradable and non-biodegradable subcutaneous implants; and small particulate
      systems including microcapsules, microspheres and liposomes. Examples of the
      therapeutic application of the various systems are given along with a discussion
      of design factors and pharmacological aspects relevant to their clinical use.

PMID- 6376063
TI  - [Evaluation of stereotactic psychosurgery].

PMID- 6376062
TI  - Sisomicin, netilmicin and dibekacin. A review of their antibacterial activity and
      therapeutic use.
AB  - Sisomicin is a naturally occurring aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by
      Micromonospora inyoensis, while dibekacin and netilmicin are both semisynthetic
      aminoglycosides. Dibekacin is 3',4'-dideoxykanamycin B and netilmicin is 1-N
      ethyl sisomicin. In both cases, these modifications render the agents
      insusceptible to some of the enzymes found in resistant strains of bacteria which
      inactivate the parent compounds. Antibacterial activity: All 3 drugs show
      bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-negative bacteria (including
      E. coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella and Proteus spp. and Ps. aeruginosa) and also
      against staphylococci; however, in common with other amino-glycosides,
      streptococci are usually resistant (except when beta-lactam antibiotics are used
      in combination) and anaerobic organisms are not sensitive. Sisomicin is closely
      related structurally to gentamicin Cla, but in vitro studies have shown it to
      have superior activity to gentamicin against Ps. aeruginosa, closely paralleling
      the activity of tobramycin, while still possessing the high activity of
      gentamicin against Serratia and other Gram-negative rods. However, sisomicin is
      inactivated by virtually all bacterial enzymes which inactivate gentamicin and
      tobramycin. Nevertheless, it retains useful activity against a number of
      gentamicin-resistant strains of Ps. aeruginosa which are resistant by non
      enzymatic (possibly permeability barrier) mechanisms; in this respect it closely
      resembles tobramycin. Dibekacin closely resembles tobramycin structurally and in
      vitro it seems to have a very similar antibacterial spectrum, including activity
      against some strains of Ps. aeruginosa resistant to gentamicin. Netilmicin has a
      generally broader antibacterial spectrum than gentamicin, tobramycin, sisomicin
      or debekacin and is resistant to inactivation by phosphorylating and
      adenylylating enzymes; however, it is inactivated by all acetylases, apart from
      acetylase 3-I. Its spectrum is therefore not as wide as that of amikacin against
      'gentamicin-resistant' strains. Nonetheless, it is intrinsically more active than
      amikacin, weight-for-weight, against sensitive strains, apart possibly from Ps.
      aeruginosa. In fact, its activity against species of the Enterobacteriaceae and
      staphylococci sensitive to gentamicin is of the same order as the latter and
      possibly better for Klebsiella-Enterobacter species. All 3 agents show marked
      antibacterial synergy with a variety of beta-lactam antibiotics against a range
      of bacteria. Pharmacokinetically, sisomicin, netilmicin and dibekacin all behave
      like gentamicin. All 3 drugs are excreted in the urine unchanged and have beta
      phase elimination half-lives of around 2 to

PMID- 6376064
TI  - [Syncope caused by methacholine exercise-induced cholinergic analphylaxis].

PMID- 6376065
TI  - [Primary hyperventilation syndrome--psychiatric background and 1-year's
      prognosis].

PMID- 6376066
TI  - Growth charts and the assessment of infant feeding practices in the western world
      and in developing countries.
AB  - Changes during the past ten years in infant feeding practices are described and
      it is demonstrated that with the growing popularity of breast feeding, plus the
      later addition of solids, dietary energy intakes are substantially lower than
      they were. These dietary changes would appear to be associated with alterations
      in the detailed pattern of growth. When exclusively breast-fed, babies, if
      anything, grow more quickly than growth standard rates, but after 3-4 months a
      relative deceleration in growth velocity becomes apparent. The anthropometric and
      dietary findings are discussed in relation to the use of growth charts for the
      assessment of the adequacy of infant feeding practices in the western world and
      especially in the Third World. A reanalysis of data indicates that diet-related
      growth faltering probably does not occur in many developing country situations
      until later than would be suggested by growth standards currently in use.

PMID- 6376067
TI  - [Target symptoms in the utilization of antidepressants].
AB  - The authors intend to bring their contribution to the controversial question of
      target symptoms in the use of antidepressants. An extensive literature is
      analyzed, and, for comparative purposes, only works in double blind are chosen
      that use a specific rating scale (H.D.R.S.) in such a way as to obtain results
      referable to homogeneous symptoms on the phenomenal level and therefore
      qualitatively comparable among themselves. Each item of the H.D.R.S. is compared
      to the target symptom only if the relative score shows a statistically
      significant decrease, not only in comparison to the length of treatment, but
      above all in comparison with other antidepressants. On the grounds of the data
      obtained from this methodology, it is postulated that the relation between the
      action of a drug and the positive response to treatment is not to be placed in
      comparison with phenomenal traits, but in comparison with psychopathological
      processes that would make up the effective targets of the action of a drug.

PMID- 6376068
TI  - A pure enteroglucagon, oxyntomodulin (glucagon 37), stimulates insulin release in
      perfused rat pancreas.
AB  - Oxyntomodulin, a gut peptide recently purified, has been tested in isolated
      perfused pancreases of normal rats. It was shown to stimulate insulin release
      monophasically in the presence of a low (6 mM) glucose concentration in the
      medium. Furthermore, oxyntomodulin potentiated glucose-induced insulin release
      (10 mM glucose) in a dose-dependent manner, although it was less powerful in this
      respect than equimolar concentrations of pancreatic glucagon. As oxyntomodulin
      belongs to the gut glucagon-like immunoreactants which are released during
      digestion, it is suggested that oxyntomodulin might be one of the factors that
      could functionally link the gut and the endocrine pancreas and contribute, at
      least in part, to the regulation of postprandial insulin release.

PMID- 6376069
TI  - Influence of vitamin D status on insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in the
      rabbit.
AB  - The influence of vitamin D status on insulin secretion and glucose tolerance was
      studied by a longitudinal design in the rabbit. Intravenous glucose tolerance
      tests were performed in Dutch rabbits (n = 12) before and after nutritional
      vitamin D deficiency, characterized by an absence of circulating 25
      hydroxyvitamin D3, a 50% decrease in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and a 16% decrease
      in serum calcium concentrations. Glucose-induced insulin secretion was reduced by
      41% as early as 2 months after the start of the vitamin D-deficient diet and was
      associated with an impairment of glucose tolerance. An iv calcium infusion
      restored the serum calcium concentration of the vitamin D-deficient rabbits (n =
      5), but did not improve glucose-mediated insulin secretion. When these animals
      received a single ip injection of 100 ng 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 10 h before the
      glucose test, their insulin responses significantly increased. Supplementation
      with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 for 2 weeks in another group of rabbits (n = 4)
      resulted in marked improvement in glucose-stimulated insulin release and glucose
      tolerance. These results show that vitamin D affects glucose-induced insulin
      secretion by a mechanism that involves more than its regulating action on serum
      calcium concentration.

PMID- 6376070
TI  - Methylamine and monensin do not block insulin internalization but do influence
      the intracellular distribution and action of insulin in pancreatic acini from
      diabetic mice.
AB  - Methylamine and monensin are two agents known to interfere with the recycling of
      membrane receptors. In the present investigation, we studied their effects on the
      binding, intracellular distribution, and action of insulin in isolated pancreatic
      acini prepared from diabetic mice. These drugs had several similar effects on
      these cells. In a dose-dependent fashion, both increased the amount of
      [125I]insulin associated with acini. Methylamine approximately doubled and
      monensin tripled the amount of insulin associated with cells. Employing electron
      microscope autoradiographs, we observed the accumulation of hormone in large
      vacuoles in the Golgi-lysosomal area after treatment with methylamine and in
      smaller swollen Golgi vesicles after treatment with monensin. The influences of
      both agents on the biological effects of insulin in acini were then investigated.
      Both agents blocked insulin stimulation of [3H]2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake in acini.
      The effect of methylamine was also studied on [3H]leucine incorporation into
      protein and was found to only partially block the effect of insulin. Since
      insulin and its receptor are internalized, it is likely that the accumulation of
      insulin in acini induced by these two agents was due to their inhibition of the
      cellular processing of insulin and its receptor. Moreover, the effects of these
      two agents to inhibit insulin-stimulated glucose transport may have resulted from
      either the inhibition of the recruitment of glucose carriers from the Golgi to
      the plasma membrane or an abnormal interaction of internalized insulin with the
      Golgi.

PMID- 6376071
TI  - Developmental changes in luteinizing hormone secretion in the female guinea pig.
      I. Effects of ovariectomy, estrogen, and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.
AB  - Negative feedback regulation of LH release was studied by ovariectomy and
      estrogen treatment in female guinea pigs of four different ages (days 10, 30, 50,
      and 150). The average age at first ovulation in guinea pigs in our colony was
      60.1 +/- 2.2 days (n = 33). Bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) on day 30, 50, or 150 of
      age resulted in a sharp increase in serum LH concentrations within 3 days, and
      this rise continued for 9 days, when LH values reached a plateau. In contrast,
      when OVX was performed on day 10 of age, only a slight elevation in LH levels was
      observed during the first 16 days after surgery. Twenty days after OVX (day 30 of
      age), LH concentrations started to increase rapidly and reached the maximum value
      on day 38 of age; this latter response was similar to that observed immediately
      after OVX in animals in the three older age groups. Serum LH concentrations after
      LHRH administration (2 micrograms/kg BW) were similar in ovariectomized females
      on days 23 and 43 of age, suggesting that the postcastration increase in LH
      secretion after day 26 of age was not due to a change in pituitary sensitivity.
      Daily injections of estradiol benzoate at doses of 0.5 and 2.0 micrograms/kg BW
      from 15-20 days after OVX suppressed LH levels in all four age groups. The
      present findings indicate that an increase in the capacity for LH release occurs
      around day 30 in the female guinea pig. Since this increased LH release is not
      due to an apparent change in pituitary sensitivity to LHRH, the endogenous
      release of LHRH may be inhibited before day 30 of age. These results suggest that
      an alteration in the regulation of LH release by the brain may occur before the
      onset of puberty in female guinea pigs.

PMID- 6376072
TI  - Partial purification and characterization of two thiol proteases from hog thyroid
      lysosomes.
AB  - Two proteases were purified from lysosomal supernatants of hog thyroids. The
      first step of the purification by diethylaminoethyl cellulose chromatography
      separated the two proteases, which were shown to have quite similar properties
      with respect to 2-mercaptoethanol requirement and pH optima for benzoyl-L
      arginine-2-naphthylamide (BANA) hydrolytic activity, and inhibition by sulfhydryl
      inhibitors. One of the proteases, designated as thiol protease-1 (TP-1), was
      further purified by gel filtration (Sephacryl S-200) and vigorously hydrolyzed
      BANA but not casein. BANA hydrolytic activity of TP-1 was 50% inhibited by 10(-5)
      M leupeptin and by 10(-7) M L-trans-epoxysuccinyl-leucylamido(4-amino)butane. A
      highly purified preparation of the other protease, designated as thiol protease-2
      (TP-2), was obtained after gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200 and carboxymethyl
      cellulose chromatography. In contrast to TP-1, TP-2 exhibited high hydrolytic
      activity against both casein and BANA, and was more sensitive to leupeptin and L
      trans-epoxysuccinyl-leucylamido(4-amino)butane, the concentrations for 50%
      inhibition being 10(-7) and 10(-8) M, respectively. Electrophoresis and
      chromatofocusing revealed that the two proteases had different isoelectric
      points. TP-1 could bind to concanavalin A Sepharose and hydrolyzed L-arginine-2
      naphthylamide but not carbobenzoxy-L-arginyl-L-arginine methylcoumarylamide
      whereas TP-2 did not bind to concanavalin A Sepharose and hydrolyzed carbobenzoxy
      L-arginyl-L-arginine methylcoumarylamide but not L-arginine-2-naphthylamide.
      These results suggested that TP-1 and TP-2 had properties similar to those of the
      liver lysosomal thiol proteases, cathepsins H and B, respectively.

PMID- 6376073
TI  - Rapid increase in the insulin sensitivity of rat adipocytes after intravenous
      glucose administration.
AB  - To study the mechanism underlying the enhancement of insulin action after
      carbohydrate challenge, rats were given an iv infusion of 100 mg glucose or
      saline. Adipocytes were isolated 1, 2, and 3 h after the infusions, and their
      ability to respond to insulin was examined. Two and 3 h postglucose, the cells
      showed a 50% increase in insulin sensitivity, as measured by glucose
      incorporation into total lipid and 2-deoxyglucose uptake. The effect was
      characterized by a leftward shift in the insulin dose-response curve. There was
      no change in maximum insulin stimulation. Insulin binding by the fat cells and by
      liver plasma membranes was not altered by glucose administration. These results
      demonstrate the presence of a physiological process that acutely enhances the
      insulin sensitivity of rat adipocytes after iv glucose infusion.

PMID- 6376074
TI  - Identification of 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone in normal rat serum by enzyme
      immunoassay and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - Recent reports on the isolation and identification of 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone
      from the urine of rats with adrenal regeneration hypertension give rise to the
      possibility of a role of this steroid in the pathogenesis of low renin essential
      hypertension. The present study was undertaken to investigate the presence of 19
      nor-deoxycorticosterone in normal rat serum both by a sensitive enzyme
      immunoassay and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). 19-Nor
      deoxycorticosterone in rat serum was separated from other steroids prior to
      enzyme immunoassay by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The
      average concentration of 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone in normal rat serum was 137
      +/- 62 ng/dl (mean +/- SD, n = 32). Pooled normal rat serum (50 ml) was purified
      by HPLC and the purified sample was acetylated with acetic anhydride for GC/MS
      measurement. The retention time and m/z ions (358, 285, and 257) on the resulting
      mass fragmentogram coincided in position with those of authentic 21-acetoxy-19
      nor-deoxycorticosterone and acetylated normal rat serum extract. The combined
      characteristics of HPLC elution, antigen-antibody reaction, GC retention and
      selected ion responses provided strongly evidence supporting the presence of 19
      nor-deoxycorticosterone in normal rat serum.

PMID- 6376075
TI  - [Effect of the duration of fasting on insulin-secretory effect of L-methionine].

PMID- 6376076
TI  - A new and effective technique of Yag laser photocoagulation for severe upper
      gastrointestinal bleeding.
AB  - A new technique of treating acute severe upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage was
      evaluated. The technique consisted of epinephrine injections in the bleeding
      lesion combined with YAG laser radiation in short pulses, applied until the
      bleeding vessel was completely closed. This new treatment modality was tried in
      54 consecutive patients with severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding from a
      spurting artery, or an ulcer with a non-bleeding visible vessel in the floor of
      the ulcer crater at endoscopy. Permanent haemostasis was achieved in 87% of the
      54 patients. Emergency surgery was needed in 13%. The mortality rate was only
      10%. No complications occurred. It is concluded that this new technique of
      treating severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding from a spurting artery, or an
      ulcer with a visible vessel results in a significant improvement of the success
      rate (permanent haemostasis) and a marked reduction in the mortality rate.

PMID- 6376077
TI  - The deiodination of the iodothyronines and of their derivatives in man.

PMID- 6376078
TI  - Endocrine ophthalmopathy: current ideas concerning etiology, pathogenesis, and
      treatment.

PMID- 6376079
TI  - The scintigraphic imaging of endocrine organs.
AB  - The nuclear medicine approach to the portrayal of endocrine organs is unique; the
      scintigraphic images provide not only anatomic and localization information, but
      in many instances allow a quantitative assessment of organ function. The ability
      to image endocrine glands is based upon the design of radionuclides and
      radiopharmaceuticals with characteristics to take advantage of many unique and
      specific biochemical and advantage of many unique and specific biochemical and
      metabolic functions of these tissues. The recent introduction of new
      radiopharmaceutical and tracers has provided the consulting endocrinologist with
      imaging procedures that allow localization and functional characterization not
      available by other single, noninvasive diagnostic modalities. This review will
      serve as an update of the available techniques to image and quantitate the
      function of the endocrine glands using the nuclear medicine approach.

PMID- 6376080
TI  - The pineal gland: basic implications and clinical correlations.

PMID- 6376081
TI  - Growth-stimulatory actions of insulin in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - Insulin stimulates the growth and proliferation of a variety of somatic cells in
      culture, and evidence suggests that insulin is also an important regulator of
      growth in vivo. In cell culture, insulin interacts synergistically with other
      hormones and growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF),
      fibroblast growth factor (FGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), tumor-promoting
      phorbol esters, and thrombin, to stimulate progression through the cell cycle of
      cells that have been arrested in G1 by deprivation for serum. In addition,
      insulin is required by most cells for optimal long term growth in hormone
      supplemented serum-free media. In some cells, such as human skin fibroblasts, the
      growth-promoting effects of insulin appear to be mediated primarily by its low
      affinity interaction with receptors for insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). In
      other cells, such as hepatocytes, hepatoma cells, adrenocortical tumor cells,
      mammary carcinoma cells, and F9 embryonal carcinoma cells, insulin appears to
      stimulate growth by binding to high affinity insulin receptors. The insulin and
      IGF-I receptor proteins, like the receptor proteins for other growth-promoting
      hormones such as EGF and PDGF, are closely associated with tyrosine-specific
      protein kinase activities. The mechanism by which the binding of insulin to its
      receptor and activation of the receptor-associated tyrosine protein kinase
      activity control intracellular protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation
      reactions, such as the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6, is a subject of
      considerable current interest. The phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 may be
      related mechanistically to the activation by insulin of protein synthesis, and
      hence the passage of cells through the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Malignant
      transformation does not generally result in a total loss of the growth
      requirement of cells for insulin or insulin-like growth factors, although
      transformation is accompanied in some cases by a qualitative reduction in the
      insulin/IGF requirement. Abnormalities in insulin production or sensitivity in
      vivo are accompanied by abnormalities in growth; thus, insulin appears to be an
      important regulator of growth in vivo. Some of the growth-promoting effects of
      insulin in vivo may be attributable to direct action of insulin, while other
      effects may be caused by the regulatory effect of insulin on somatomedin
      production, and possibly on somatomedin action.

PMID- 6376082
TI  - Increased permeability associated with dilatation of endothelial cell junctions
      caused by histamine in intimal explants from bovine pulmonary artery.
AB  - Although histamine is known to cause increased vascular permeability in the
      systemic circulation, its effect on the pulmonary vessels is controversial. We
      have used a new technique to follow the effect of histamine on the pulmonary
      artery endothelial cell layer. Disks of intima were stripped from the wall of
      bovine pulmonary artery, floated endothelium uppermost onto nitrocellulose
      filters, and maintained in culture in chemotaxis chambers. The lower well of the
      chambers contained 0.2 ml of 10% bovine serum in medium 199, the upper well 0.5
      ml of medium plus trace amounts of 3H-water (10 microCi/ml), 14C-sucrose (9
      microCi/ml), and 125I-albumin (10 microCi/ml). Histamine diphosphate (10 microM)
      was added to the upper well of the experimental chambers. The chambers were
      incubated at 37 degrees C for 30, 60, 120, 180, or 240 min. At the end of each
      incubation period, 0.1-ml aliquots were removed from the upper and lower well of
      an experimental and a control chamber for radioactive counts and the intimal
      explant was fixed in glutaraldehyde for light and electron microscopy. From 60
      min of incubation, histamine caused more rapid equilibration of 3H-water and 14C
      sucrose across the intimal explant. Increased diffusion of 125I-albumin was not
      detected. After 30 and 60 min of incubation with histamine, microscopic
      examination of the endothelial layer of the explant revealed focal dilatations in
      the intercellular junctions. From 120 min, dilatations were no longer seen and at
      no time was there morphologic evidence of endothelial injury. Thus, histamine
      causes an increased permeability of the bovine pulmonary artery intimal layer
      that is associated with transient formation of dilatations in the
      interendothelial junctions.

PMID- 6376083
TI  - Pig bronchial mucous membrane: a model system for assessing respiratory mucus
      release in vitro.
AB  - A convenient organ culture system is described in which fragments of mucous
      membrane isolated from bronchi of the pig were maintained in either screw-cap
      tubes or multiwell tissue culture plates. The mucous membrane of the pig
      bronchus, like that of the human, is rich in mucus-secreting submucosal glands
      and can respond to cholinergic stimulation in vitro by releasing either L
      [3H]fucose- or L-[3H]serine-labeled acid-precipitable macromolecules.
      Reproducible cholinergic-mediated release of labeled macromolecules was attained
      by first washing the mucous membrane fragments in serum-free modified Earles
      medium (Dulbecco's) for 120 min at 4 degrees C. Maximum stimulation was obtained
      when the incubation medium was supplemented with 0.5-2.0% horse serum.
      Approximately 50% of L-[3H]fucose-labeled macromolecules were eluted in the void
      volume from a column of Sepharose CL-6B in 6 M urea. Cochromatography of L-[3H]-
      and L-[14C]fucose-labeled glycoproteins released by mucous membranes of control
      and methacholine-treated tissue fragments failed to reveal any significant
      difference in any specific population of fucose-labeled glycoproteins. It is
      concluded that, as a whole, many different labeled molecules are released in
      response to cholinergic stimulation. Taken together, these results suggest that
      the mucous membrane of the porcine bronchus is a useful in vitro model for
      studying respiratory mucus secretion.

PMID- 6376085
TI  - Induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis in primary cultures of rat pancreatic
      cells following in vivo and in vitro treatment with genotoxic agents.
AB  - The pancreas is a key target tissue in human and animal carcinogenesis, yet few
      short-term test systems measure genotoxicity in pancreatic cells. A method has
      been developed for the measurement of DNA repair as unscheduled DNA synthesis
      (UDS) in primary cultures of rat pancreatic cells (PRP) following in vitro or in
      vivo exposures to chemicals. PRP were isolated from female Sprague-Dawley (SD) or
      male Fischer-344 rats by mincing the pancreas in a collagenase solution followed
      by digestion in dispase. For in vitro exposures, PRP were incubated with 3H
      thymidine (3H-TdR) in the presence of genotoxic agents for 18-22 hr. For in vivo
      exposures, male Fischer-344 rats were treated with genotoxic agents 2 hr prior to
      sacrifice of the animals, and cells were incubated with 3H-TdR. UDS was measured
      by quantitative autoradiography as net grains/nucleus (NG). Solvent controls
      ranged from -1.0 to -2.8 NG. Cells isolated from female SD rats and treated in
      vitro with methylmethane sulfonate (MMS), ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS), N-methyl
      N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), and the pancreatic carcinogen azaserine all
      yielded over 4.0 NG. Cells treated in vitro with the hepatocarcinogens 2
      acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) and dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) and with the multisite
      carcinogen benzo[a] pyrene (B[a]P) yielded between -1.0 and -3.3 NG. These
      results are consistent with the lack of carcinogenic activity of 2-AAF, DMN, and
      B[a]P in the pancreas and indicate that pancreatic cells are incapable of
      metabolizing these compounds to genotoxic forms. In vivo treatment with MMS at
      100 mg/kg yielded 1.9 NG and with azaserine at 100 mg/kg yielded 8.2 NG. This
      method should be useful in detecting agents that are genotoxic to the pancreas.

PMID- 6376084
TI  - Chromium (VI) potentiates mutagenesis by sodium azide but not ethyl
      methanesulfonate.
AB  - A fluctuation test using Salmonella typhimurium strain 1535 has been used in an
      experimental protocol to assess biological effects of interactions between
      chromium (VI), such as K2CrO4, and two DNA-damaging agents, ethyl
      methanesulfonate (EMS), and sodium azide. Mutagenicity, expressed as the average
      number of mutations induced over a parallel control, was determined for the
      compounds alone and in combination. The significance of the differences between
      the "expected" response, calculated by simple addition of the responses from the
      individual tests, and the observed response when the combination was tested, were
      estimated by chi square. For the combination of K2CrO4 and NaN3, the response was
      significantly greater than expected suggesting a possible potentiation of
      mutagenesis. The opposite (a less-than-additive response) was found for the
      K2CrO4/EMS combination. Both effects were found to be dose related to the
      concentration of potassium chromate used. Toxicity of the compounds or their
      combinations to the bacteria could not explain the results.

PMID- 6376086
TI  - Assessing the effect of colony counting methods and genetic drift on Ames
      bioassay results.
AB  - Accuracy of automatic colony counters and variation among subcultures of the
      Salmonella tester strains are two factors that cause variation within the Ames
      bioassay. This paper examines these potential sources of variation. In contrast
      to results seen by other researchers, this genetic drift study demonstrated that
      except for TA100 the subcultures of tester strains from four research
      laboratories are very stable in biochemical characteristics measured using
      Analytical Profile Index (API) strips. This study also documented the levels of
      accuracy for hand- and automatic-counting techniques, and provides a simple
      method for generating acetate calibration transparencies for use with most colony
      counters.

PMID- 6376087
TI  - Mutagenicity screening of foods. II. Results with fruits and vegetables.
AB  - A survey of the mutagenic potential of a wide variety of food products has been
      initiated with results for 28 different beverages reported previously [Stoltz et
      al, 1982b]. Here, results for samples of 46 widely consumed fruits and vegetables
      from six general categories are given. Each sample was concentrated and
      fractionated by polarity and solubility to give five fractions, each of which was
      assayed for mutagenic potential with Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100.
      Although statistical analysis of the data resulted in positive findings for 22
      fruit and vegetable samples, only six products (grapes, onions, peaches, raisins,
      raspberries, strawberries) demonstrated potent mutagenic activity.

PMID- 6376089
TI  - Biologic indicators of cadmium nephrotoxicity in persons with low-level cadmium
      exposure.
AB  - The relationship between abnormal urinary findings and renal function was
      investigated for 33 Itai-Itai patients, 17 suspected patients, 235 subjects
      exposed to Cd and 41 subjects not exposed to Cd pollution. High correlation
      coefficients were observed between urinary findings and renal function in
      advanced cases of chronic cadmium poisoning, and multiple correlation
      coefficients between them are as high as 0.73 to 0.86. beta 2-microglobulin in
      urine also correlated closely with renal function and age in slight to moderate
      cases of cadmium poisoning. It is concluded that urinary findings such as
      proteinuria, glucosuria and low molecular weight proteinuria are good indicators
      of renal dysfunction in moderate to severe cases of chronic cadmium poisoning. In
      slight to moderate cases beta 2-microglobulin in urine has a close relation with
      renal dysfunction.

PMID- 6376088
TI  - Characterization of cadmium proteinuria in man and rat.
AB  - In workers chronically exposed to cadmium and without signs of renal
      insufficiency, plasma proteins with molecular weight ranging from 11,800 to
      450,000 are excreted in greater amount in urine. Increased urinary excretion of
      low and high molecular weight proteins can occur independently. Because of its
      greater stability in urine and provided a sensitive immunological technique is
      used, the determination of retinol-binding protein is a more practical and
      reliable test of proximal tubular function than beta 2-microglobulin. The
      evaluation of renal function of workers removed from cadmium exposure indicates
      that cadmium-induced renal lesions, albeit of slow progression, are not
      reversible when exposures ceases. In workers chronically exposed to cadmium or
      removed from cadmium exposure, metallothionein in urine is directly correlated
      with cadmium in urine but not with cadmium in blood or years of cadmium exposure.
      The association between cadmium in urine and metallothionein in urine is
      independent of the status of renal function and the intensity of current exposure
      to cadmium. Whereas the repeated IP injection of high doses of cadmium to rat
      gives rise to a mixed or tubular type proteinuria, the prolonged oral
      administration of cadmium results mainly in the development of a glomerular type
      proteinuria. The former is usually reversible after cessation of treatment
      whereas the latter is not. Circulating antiglomerular basement membrane
      antibodies have been found in man and in rat chronically exposed to cadmium. The
      pathogenic significance of this finding deserves further investigation.

PMID- 6376090
TI  - Urinary metallothionein as an indicator of cadmium body burden and of cadmium
      induced nephrotoxicity.
AB  - There is a need to identify specific biological indicator(s) of cadmium exposure
      so that the renal damage can be prevented. Towards this end, we have examined the
      usefulness of urinary metallothionein as an indicator of cadmium body burden. It
      is found that, in both animals and humans, urinary metallothionein level is
      related to the hepatic and renal cadmium burdens. Significant correlations are
      also found between the urinary metallothionein and urinary cadmium and beta 2
      microglobulin. Furthermore, it is noted that cadmium-exposed individuals with
      renal dysfunction excrete significantly more metallothionein than those with
      normal renal function. Thus it appears that there is merit to include
      metallothionein among the clinical parameters monitored in cadmium-exposed
      individuals. More tests are needed to define a critical concentration of
      metallothionein in urine which is related to the onset of renal dysfunction.

PMID- 6376091
TI  - Long-term observations on tubular and glomerular function in cadmium-exposed
      persons.
AB  - Four groups of cadmium-exposed persons, from different workplaces and with
      different types of exposure, have been followed for periods of 9-20 years. In one
      group the total observation time is over 30 years, since they were included in
      Friberg's original study. The studies include determination of inulin or
      creatinine clearance, protein excretion and specific indicators of renal tubular
      dysfunction. The results indicate that once tubular dysfunction is established,
      it is irreversible, even when it is minor. In some persons it was noted that the
      development of renal dysfunction seemed to be a multistage process. The initial
      stage is characterized by an increased excretion of low molecular weight proteins
      like beta 2-microglobulin and ribonuclease. After a period of several years with
      no or low exposure, there was a relatively sharp increase in excretion of total
      proteins and albumin and a decrease in glomerular filtration rate. This is
      interpreted as being the result of further increases in renal concentration of
      cadmium and in spread of cadmium along the tubules. Metallothionein absorption in
      the tubules, its catabolism and synthesis must play an important role for the
      development and progress of the tubular dysfunction. It was not possible to show
      that a decrease in glomerular filtration rate occurs before low molecular weight
      proteinuria.

PMID- 6376092
TI  - Epidemiologic study of renal function in copper smelter workers.
AB  - A medical cross-sectional examination of a copper smelter work force was
      undertaken after environmental contamination with lead, cadmium and arsenic had
      been documented. A total of 920 subjects was examined, including active smelter
      employees, retired workers and copper mine employees who had never worked in the
      smelter. Slight to moderate absorption of lead and cadmium was definitely present
      in the active copper smelter employees, who had significantly higher levels of Pb
      B, ZPP and Cd-B than retired employees and miners. Cd-U levels were higher in
      retired workers, who were also older and had, as a group, longer duration of
      exposure in the smelter. Cd-U did not exceed 10 micrograms/g creatinine, the
      level considered critical for nephrotoxicity, in any of the subjects. Median Cd-B
      level for active workers was 2.75 micrograms/L. Lead absorption was characterized
      by a relatively small proportion (16.7%) of active employees with Pb-B levels 40
      micrograms/dL or higher. We were particularly interested in exploring the
      possibility that simultaneous exposure to lead and cadmium, although at levels
      not associated with nephrotoxicity for each metal separately, could result in
      renal function impairment. Distribution patterns of BUN and serum creatinine
      levels were unremarkable. Urinary beta 2-microglobulin levels were less than 200
      micrograms/g creatinine in 95% of copper smelter employees. There were no
      significant correlations between urinary beta 2-microglobulin levels and Cd-U, Cd
      B, Pb-B and ZPP or between urinary beta 2-microglobulin excretion and serum
      creatinine or BUN levels. Urinary beta 2-microglobulin levels were significantly
      correlated with age in the copper smelter workers, but not in the miners.
      Nevertheless, in the absence of any significant correlations between urinary beta
      2-microglobulin and Cd-U, Cd-B, a causal relationship with cadmium absorption
      cannot be affirmed. That kidney function could be impaired by long-term exposure
      in the smelter was only indirectly suggested. Effects on renal function at the
      low levels of cadmium and lead absorption that were observed in this smelter
      population are minimal.

PMID- 6376093
TI  - Metallothionein in rabbit kidneys preserved for transplantation.
AB  - Thirteen rabbits were given repeated cadmium injections to achieve cadmium
      concentrations in kidney cortex ranging from 0.05 to 1 mmole Cd/kg wet weight.
      Another four animals served as controls. One kidney from each animal was frozen
      directly to -70 degrees C whereas the other kidney was kept for 24 hr at +4
      degrees C in a preservative (Sachs' solution) to simulate conditions for
      preservation of human donor kidneys before transplantation. Protein binding of
      cadmium, zinc and copper in kidney homogenates and the concentration of
      metallothionein (MT) were measured in the kidney that was frozen directly and in
      the kidney that had been preserved. No gross differences in either the protein
      binding of cadmium, zinc and copper or in the MT content were seen between the
      directly frozen and preserved kidneys from the same animal. This indicates that
      MT is not rapidly broken down in rabbit kidneys which have been preserved
      similarly to human donor kidneys for 24 hr in a standard preservative solution
      prior to a transplantation.

PMID- 6376094
TI  - The chemical form of cadmium in subcellular fractions following cadmium exposure.
AB  - Wistar rats were given drinking water containing 250 ppm Cd for 12 months. After
      excision of the kidney and liver, the organs were subfractionated into nuclear,
      mitochondrial, microsomal and cytosol fractions, and the chemical forms of Cd in
      the subcellular fractions were examined. Although approximately 90% of the total
      Cd was present in the cytosol, in the form of metallothionein, 3-5% was also
      present in the mitochondrial fraction and 5-7% in the microsomal fraction from
      both organs. By Sephadex G-75 gel filtration, after solubilizing the particulate
      fractions with sodium deoxycholate, approximately 89% of Cd in the microsomal
      fraction and 94% in the mitochondrial fraction eluted with the same retention
      time as that of metallothionein in both liver and kidney, while the remainder was
      found in a high molecular weight protein fraction. The Cd that eluted with the
      high molecular protein fraction may be involved in dysfunction in subcellular
      organelles. For estimating the toxicity of Cd associated with the high molecular
      weight fraction, rat liver microsomes and CdCl2 were mixed with 1% of sodium
      deoxycholate and the protein-Cd complex produced was isolated by eluting with
      Sephadex G-75. This complex had a strong toxicity toward the alcohol
      dehydrogenase activity (SH-enzyme), and the Ki values of the Cd-protein complexes
      decreased with increased amount of Cd bound to the microsomal protein fraction.
      The above results suggest that loosely bound Cd increased in the case of higher
      Cd/protein and plays a toxic role in the living cells.

PMID- 6376095
TI  - Radionuclide injury to the lung.
AB  - Radionuclide injury to the lung has been studied in rats, hamsters, dogs, mice
      and baboons. Exposure of the lung to high dose levels of radionuclides produces a
      spectrum of progressively more severe functional and morphological changes,
      ranging from radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis to lung tumors. These changes are
      somewhat similar for different species. Their severity can be related to the
      absorbed radiation dose (measured in rads) produced by alpha, beta or gamma
      radiation emanating from various deposited radionuclides. The chemicophysical
      forms of radionuclides and spatial-temporal factors are also important variables.
      As with other forms of injury to the lung, repair attempts are highlighted by
      fibrosis and proliferation of pulmonary epithelium. Lung tumors are the principal
      late effect observed in experimental animals following pulmonary deposition of
      radionuclides at dose levels that do not result in early deaths from radiation
      pneumonitis or fibrosis. The predominant lung tumors described have been of
      epithelial origin and have been classified, in decreasing frequency of
      occurrence, as adenocarcinoma, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, epidermoid
      carcinomas and combined epidermoid and adenocarcinoma. Mesothelioma and
      fibrosarcoma have been observed in rats, but less commonly in other species.
      Hemangiosarcomas were frequency observed in dogs exposed to beta-gamma emitters,
      and occasionally in rats exposed to alpha emitters. These morphologic changes in
      the lungs of experimental animals were reviewed and issues relevant to the
      prediction of human hazards discussed.

PMID- 6376096
TI  - The role of toxicological interactions in lung injury.
AB  - Interactions between two or more toxic agents can produce lung damage by chemical
      chemical interactions, chemical-receptor interactions or by modification, by a
      first agent, of the cell and tissue response to a second agent. Interactions may
      occur by simultaneous exposure and if exposure to the two agents is separated in
      time. Chemical-chemical interactions have been mostly studied in the toxicology
      of air pollutants, where it was shown that the untoward effect of certain
      oxidants may be enhanced in the presence of other aerosols. Interactions at the
      receptor site have been found in isolated perfused lung experiments. Oxygen
      tolerance may be an example, when pre-exposure to one concentration of oxygen
      mitigates later exposure to 100% oxygen by modifying cellular and enzymatic
      composition of the lung. Damage of the alveolar zone by the antioxidant butylated
      hydroxytoluene (BHT) can be greatly enhanced by subsequent exposure to oxygen
      concentration which, otherwise, would have little if any demonstrable effect. The
      synergistic interaction between BHT and oxygen results in a resulting
      interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Acute or chronic lung disease may then be caused
      not only by one agent, but very likely in many instances by the interaction of
      several agents.

PMID- 6376097
TI  - Intermediary metabolism of the lung.
AB  - The lung is a metabolically active organ that is engaged in secretion, clearance
      and other maintenance functions that require reducing potential, energy and
      substrates for biosynthesis. These metabolic requirements are met in part through
      uptake and catabolism of glucose which represents the major fuel utilized by lung
      tissues. Gluconeogenesis does not occur, and glycogen stores are limited so that
      the lung depends on the circulation for its glucose requirement. Other substrates
      can be metabolized by lung and contribute to the metabolic pool although their
      role has been less thoroughly studied. Glucose is catabolized in the lung by
      cytoplasmic and mitochondrial pathways that are responsive to regulatory
      mechanisms as in other tissues. Activity of the pentose cycle pathway of glucose
      catabolism is relatively high and generates the NADPH required for biosynthesis
      of lipid, detoxification reactions, and protection against oxidant stress. The
      ATP content of the lung is maintained by oxidative metabolism at levels
      comparable to other metabolically active organs. Alterations in lung intermediary
      metabolism may depress amine clearance, alter lung permeability, and influence
      the lung response to oxidant stress.

PMID- 6376098
TI  - Elastin metabolism and chemistry: potential roles in lung development and
      structure.
AB  - Elastic fibers are important for elasticity and extensibility of lung tissue. In
      the developing lung, elastic fibers appear in greatest numbers during the process
      or period of alveolarization . A variety of mesenchymal cells in lung appear
      responsible for elastin synthesis. Elastin is a novel protein both from the
      standpoint of its processing into elastic fibers and chemical properties. For
      example, elastin undergoes posttranslational modification before its assembly
      into fibers. These steps include limited proteolysis, hydroxylation of prolyl
      residues and the oxidative deamination of lysyl residues prior to their
      incorporation into the crosslinks that covalently bond together polypeptide
      chains of elastin. The crosslinking amino acids include lysinonorleucine ,
      merodesmosine and desmosine isomers. A key enzyme that controls this process is
      lysyl oxidase. Lysyl oxidase is a copper metalloprotein whose activity is
      responsive to and modulated by environmental insults, nutrition deficiencies and
      the administration of various pharmacological agents. Regarding chemical
      properties, elastin is one of the most apolar proteins secreted by mammalian
      cells. Moreover, elastin is one of the most long-lived proteins secreted into the
      extracellular matrix. In relationship to its processing into elastic fibers and
      chemical properties, details related to major aspects of elastin metabolism as
      well as speculation on its potential as a factor in lung development and disease
      are discussed.

PMID- 6376099
TI  - Mucin biosynthesis and secretion in the respiratory tract.

PMID- 6376100
TI  - The pulmonary extracellular lining.
AB  - The extracellular lining of the lungs is reviewed. The pulmonary extracellular
      lining is a complex mixture of phospholipids, proteins and carbohydrates which is
      absolutely essential for the maintenance of normal pulmonary functions such as
      gas exchange. Without the lining the lungs would collapse. Alterations in the
      pulmonary extracellular lining may underlie some disease conditions induced by
      toxic agents, especially those which interfere with the formation of pulmonary
      surfactant. The extracellular lining could be used to detect and monitor damage
      and disease caused by agents toxic to the lungs. The lining contains many
      hydrolytic enzymes which may act to detoxify certain toxic agents such as those
      which contain ester groups. The pulmonary extracellular lining could play a
      significant role mediating the toxic action of inhaled agents as well as the
      removal of those agents from the lungs.

PMID- 6376102
TI  - Cellular structure, function and organization in the lower respiratory tract.

PMID- 6376101
TI  - Neuroendocrinelike (small granule) epithelial cells of the lung.
AB  - The presence of neuroendocrinelike epithelial cells in the lung of numerous
      species has been demonstrated by light and electron microscopy. Histochemical
      methods used to identify these cells have included staining with silver, amine
      type fluorescence (APUD cell), periodic acid Schiff (PAS)-lead hematoxylin, and
      immunohistochemical localization of neuron-specific enolase. Cytoplasmic dense
      core vesicles (70-200 nm in diameter) have served as the major ultrastructural
      characteristic. Lung neuroendocrinelike cells have been shown to occur in fetal
      and adult mammals as solitary-type cells or as distinct organoids known as
      neuroepithelial bodies ( NEBs ). Although the frequency of both populations is
      considered low, solitary-type cells with dense-core granules can be found in as
      high as 5% of epithelial cells in the cricoid region of the guinea-pig larynx.
      The solitary cells can be found throughout the airways of mammals, whereas the
      NEBs are confined to the intrapulmonary airways. Unmyelinated fibers have been
      traced from the lamina propria and into the NEB, where they ramified between the
      component cells of the NEB. The function of lung neuroendocrinelike cells is not
      known, but morphological and cytochemical studies suggest that the NEBs are
      intrapulmonary chemoreceptors that can respond to changes in airway gas
      composition. Hypoxia or hypercapnia has been shown to decrease the amine
      cytofluorescence in these organoids and apparently to increase the exocytosis of
      dense core vesicles from the basal region of the cell. Immunohistochemical
      studies have suggested that some lung epithelial cells may contain a known
      neuropeptide(s), but further investigation is needed to confirm the presence of
      such compounds in lung neuroendocrinelike cells and their physiochemical
      properties. Apparent hyperplasia of lung neuroendocrinelike cells can occur
      readily in hamsters treated with diethylnitrosamine. It has been postulated that
      human lung tumors with endocrinelike properties, namely, bronchial carcinoids and
      lung small cell carcinomas, may originate from lung neuroendocrinelike cells.
      However, a more plausible explanation, based on cytokinetic studies of epithelial
      neuroendocrinelike cells in the lung and other organs, is that these cells
      originate from a nonneuroendocrine population. Interaction of such a progenitor
      cell population with selected carcinogens may lead to stimulation of the rate of
      normal differentiation or, alternately, to selection of an abnormal route of
      differentiation that possesses a neuroendocrine phenotype.

PMID- 6376103
TI  - Control of cellular influx in lung and its role in pulmonary toxicology.
AB  - The pulmonary influx of cytotoxic inflammatory cells, normally, in response to
      external toxins, is now thought to be etiologic in many of the disease syndromes
      of man, such as bronchitis and emphysema. Many types of effector inflammatory
      cells are involved, e.g., eosinophils, neutrophils, T-lymphocytes, monocytes. The
      diseases are characterized either by tissue destruction or by tissue hyperplasia.
      Agents which initiate the influx and cytotoxic secretions by these cells are
      legion and in general are not cell-specific. They include agents, such as phorbol
      esters, formyl peptides-complement fragments, elastin fragments, fatty acids
      (leukotrienes) as well as many uncharacterized excretions of inflammatory cells
      themselves, which react with specific receptors on the inflammatory cells, and
      secreted proteins such as fibronectin. Other agents, such as linoleic acid,
      digitonin and hydroxy fatty acids which are not bound by specific receptors also
      activate motility of inflammatory cells. The precise role of the above multiple
      cytotoxins in specific cellular fluxes in most pulmonary disease remains
      undefined. Similarly, the mechanism of cytotoxicity used by specific invading
      cells in specific pulmonary syndromes remains unclear. In general, macrophages
      are thought to destroy using specific proteases, neutrophils use oxidant radicals
      and proteases and eosinophils use basic surface active peptides. T-cells kill by
      unknown mechanisms. However, in specific clinical syndromes, it is usually not
      clear which cell is the cytotoxic culprit, nor is the mechanism of destruction
      usually known.

PMID- 6376104
TI  - Recruitment of phagocytizing cells into the respiratory tract as a response to
      the cytotoxic action of deposited particles.
AB  - Recruitment of phagocytizing cells into the lower respiratory tract plays a very
      important role in the pulmonary dust clearance, depending both on the number of
      particles deposited therein and on their aggressiveness. The higher cytotoxicity
      of the particles, the greater the number of such cells recruited and the higher
      the contribution of the neutrophilic leukocytes (NL) into the free cellular
      population of airways which normally is represented chiefly by alveolar
      macrophages (AM). Adaptation of the alveolar dust phagocytosis to properties of
      inhaled particles operates through autoregulation of this process in which a key
      role is played by macrophage breakdown products (PMB). A series of experiments in
      vitro and in vivo showed that PMB stimulate AM and NL, enhance their recruitment
      into airways with a dose-dependent increase of the NL/AM ratio, promote
      recruitment of their precursors via blood and replenishment of such precursor
      reserves. The most active factor of the PMB appears to be lipidic by nature. The
      variability between individuals and between groups of alveolar phagocytosis
      response to particles of a given cytotoxicity may be due to differences of the
      host's neurohormonal status. It was shown that influencing the latter
      significantly shifts response to a standard dose of the PMB.

PMID- 6376105
TI  - The alveolar macrophage.
AB  - The pulmonary macrophagic system is critical to the defense of the lung, keeping
      the alveoli clean and sterile and responding on demand with an adaptive
      outpouring of new cells into the air sacs. Under basal conditions alveolar
      macrophages, in common with other mononuclear phagocytes, are derived from the
      bone marrow. A population of macrophage precursors within the pulmonary
      interstitium provides a reserve pool capable of proliferation and delivery of
      phagocytes in response to unusually heavy loads of inhaled particles. This
      reserve system also produces macrophages when monocytic precursors in the bone
      marrow are depleted by diseases such as leukemia. The alveolar macrophage is
      destined to ingest particulate matter and to be eliminated along the mucociliary
      pathway; clearance by lymphatics is of minor importance and macrophages probably
      do not recross the alveolar epithelium to reach the pulmonary interstitial
      compartment. Although the protective role of the macrophage is dominant, this
      cell may participate, directly or indirectly, in the genesis of two major groups
      of chronic pulmonary disease, interstitial fibrosis and emphysema. Such
      inappropriate responses involve interactions with fibroblastic cells and tissue
      injury initiated by proteases secreted by the macrophage.

PMID- 6376106
TI  - Alterations in macrophage functions by environmental chemicals.
AB  - The establishment of infectious diseases is rarely entirely attributed to a
      single entity, but instead is the result of a primary stress and one or more
      secondary factors that interfere with homeostasis and the ability of the host to
      cope with the primary etiologic assault. Any environmental chemical that can
      suppress the normal functioning of the host's body defenses would be expected to
      increase the risk of the host to such diseases. Within the lung, the alveolar
      macrophages are the crucial elements responsible for defending the body against
      such airborne viable agents. The effects of inhaled gases and particulates on
      these defense cells are a major concern of the environmental health scientist
      since such chemicals have the capability of adversely affecting the integrity and
      functioning of these pulmonary defense cells. The objective of this report is to
      provide an overview that will improve our understanding of how a variety of
      environmental chemicals can alter the biochemical, physiological and
      immunological functioning of these cells.

PMID- 6376108
TI  - Deposition and clearance of inhaled particles.
AB  - Theoretical models of respiratory tract deposition of inhaled particles are
      compared to experimental studies of deposition patterns in humans and animals, as
      governed principally by particle size, density, respiratory rate and flow
      parameters. Various models of inhaled particle deposition make use of
      approximations of the respiratory tract to predict fractional deposition caused
      by fundamental physical processes of particle impaction, sedimentation, and
      diffusion. These models for both total deposition and regional (nasopharyngeal,
      tracheobronchial, and pulmonary) deposition are compared with early and recent
      experimental studies. Reasonable correlation has been obtained between
      theoretical and experimental studies, but the behavior in the respiratory tract
      of very fine (less than 0.1 micron) particles requires further investigation.
      Properties of particle shape, charge and hygroscopicity as well as the degree of
      respiratory tract pathology also influence deposition patterns; definitive
      experimental work is needed in these areas. The influence upon deposition
      patterns of dynamic alterations in inspiratory flow profiles caused by a variety
      of breathing patterns also requires further study, and the use of differing
      ventilation techniques with selected inhaled particle sizes holds promise in
      diagnosis of respiratory tract diseases. Mechanisms of conducting airway and
      alveolar clearance processes involving the pulmonary macrophage, mucociliary
      clearance, dissolution, transport to systemic circulation, and translocation via
      regional lymphatic vessels are discussed.

PMID- 6376110
TI  - Metabolic activation and lung toxicity: a basis for cell-selective pulmonary
      damage by foreign chemicals.
AB  - The lungs may be exposed to potentially toxic metabolites that are either formed
      in situ or which are present in the circulation. Therefore, pulmonary injury may
      be a prominent effect of certain classes of chemicals that undergo bioactivation
      in the body. The specific types of lung cells damaged may depend upon factors
      such as preferential exposure or accumulation of parent compounds and/or
      metabolites, differences in cellular defense mechanisms, or the specific
      mechanism of activation of the toxicant. Prior knowledge about the metabolism,
      disposition and mechanism of bioactivation of a particular compound may allow
      prediction of the type of lung cell damage it is likely to produce. Conversely,
      morphological observations of characteristic types of cell-specific injury in the
      lung may suggest a likely biochemical mechanism of toxicity for the particular
      chemical involved.

PMID- 6376107
TI  - Role of cytochrome P-450 and related enzymes in the pulmonary metabolism of
      xenobiotics.
AB  - The lung metabolizes a wide variety of xenobiotics and, in the process, forms
      products that may be more or less toxic than the parent compound. The consequence
      of metabolism, activation or detoxication, is a function of the nature of the
      substrate and of the characteristics and concentrations of the enzymes involved.
      As a result, the biotransformation of xenobiotics can lead to their excretion or
      to the formation of reactive products that produce deleterious effects by binding
      covalently to tissue macromolecules. Among the enzymes that metabolize
      xenobiotics, those associated with the cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase
      system are probably the most important. The route by which a given substrate is
      metabolized in a tissue or cell is, to a great extent, determined by the types
      and concentrations of cytochrome P-450 isozymes present. We are just beginning to
      understand the distribution of these enzymes in lung and to appreciate the
      species and cellular differences that exist.

PMID- 6376109
TI  - Biochemical and cellular mechanisms of dust-induced lung fibrosis.
AB  - The sequence of cellular and biochemical events in response to the deposition of
      dust particles in lung tissue is described. Primary reactions at the lung surface
      include changes in the free cell population, the alveolar surface protein and in
      the quantity of pulmonary surfactant, a lipoprotein-rich material secreted by
      Type II cells. The relationship between these changes and lung fibrogenesis is
      discussed. It is suggested that such primary changes are protective mechanisms
      which may assist in the prevention of fibrogenesis rather than lead to an
      increase in collagen formation and deposition. If these primary defenses are
      overcome, then the interstitial fibroblastlike cell may have a prominent role in
      fibrogenesis. Therefore detailed observations of the interaction between lung
      fibroblasts and mineral dusts in vitro are described. As fibrogenesis may be
      arrested in vivo, or possibly reversed, and does not always progress to fibrosis,
      final consideration is given to the step from fibrogenesis to fibrosis. It is
      suggested that this step may involve other tissue proteins apart from collagen
      and that the irreversible nature of fibrosis can be explained by the formation of
      strong intermolecular crosslinks between different proteins. The types of
      crosslinks that may be involved are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the role of
      calcium-dependent transglutaminases in fibrosis, as these enzymes have hitherto
      received little attention.

PMID- 6376112
TI  - Chemical carcinogenesis in the tracheobronchial epithelium.
AB  - Some of the recent work in pulmonary carcinogenesis is briefly reviewed.
      Morphologic studies of neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions of the human bronchi
      are compared with similar studies of carcinogenesis and epithelial regeneration
      in the hamster trachea. These studies suggest that bronchogenic carcinomas are
      typically complex mixtures of three basic phenotypes, the epidermoid and the
      mucous and dense-core granulated (endocrine) phenotypes. Pure forms of these
      phenotypes are rare, as different cells and even individual cells in single
      tumors express more than one phenotype. The clinical significance of such
      phenotypic variability is not yet known. Bronchial cell types which retain the
      capacity to divide include the mucous cell, the basal cell and perhaps the dense
      core granulated cell. Studies of epithelial regeneration and preneoplastic
      lesions suggest that the mucous cell may be pivotal both in the response to
      injury and in carcinogenesis. Cigarette smoking is believed to be the major
      etiologic factor in bronchogenic carcinoma. Cigarette smoke contains initiators
      of carcinogenesis, but it contains a plethora of probable promoters and
      cocarcinogens as well. It is hypothesized that cigarette smoke may both initiate
      bronchial cells and promote carcinogenesis in cells which have previously been
      initiated by smoke or other factors. It is further hypothesized that that mucous
      cell is the major target for initiation and subsequent tumorigenesis. The
      ultimate phenotype(s) displayed by the tumor is suggested to result from the
      effect of microenvironmental factors upon the initiated cell and its progeny.

PMID- 6376113
TI  - Oxidant gases.
AB  - The acute and chronic action of the oxidant gases ozone, nitrogen dioxide and
      oxygen on the morphological appearance of cells of the alveolar and bronchiolar
      epithelium is reviewed. Type I cells of the alveolar and ciliated cells of the
      bronchiolar epithelium appear to be sensitive targets for the oxidant gases. The
      degree of damage is influenced by age, nutritional status and the development of
      tolerance.

PMID- 6376115
TI  - D-glucose anomeric preference of hexokinases from animals and yeast.
AB  - The D-glucose anomeric preference of hexokinases partially purified from animals
      (rat, mouse, and chicken) and baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were
      investigated by the assay system with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase as a
      coupling enzyme. With low Km hexokinases in animal tissues and cells, the ratios
      of Vmax for the beta-anomer to Vmax for the alpha-anomer (V beta/V alpha) were
      within a range from 1.3 to 1.5. In yeast, the V beta/V alpha value was 1.1 for
      hexokinase A, 0.8 for hexokinase B, and 1.4 for glucokinase. The possible
      explanation for D-glucose anomeric preference of hexokinase is discussed.

PMID- 6376116
TI  - Yeast RNA polymerase II initiates transcription in vitro at TATA sequences
      proximal to potential non-B forms of the DNA template.
AB  - Pure yeast RNA polymerase II selectively initiates an abortive in vitro
      transcript within a TATA box of the yeast iso-1 cytochrome c gene promoter. Using
      a series of promoter deletions we show that a DNA sequence located upstream of
      the TATA box is needed for an efficient in vitro transcription. Supercoiling of
      the DNA template is an absolute requirement for the specific in vitro
      transcription. Examination of the DNA structure near several in vitro initiation
      sites shows that the common features observed are the presence of a TATA sequence
      in which RNA synthesis is initiated, and which is proximal to a potential non-B
      form of the DNA (a B to Z transition or a cruciform structure).

PMID- 6376117
TI  - The E. coli divE mutation, which differentially inhibits synthesis of certain
      proteins, is in tRNASer1.
AB  - The temperature-sensitive divE mutant of Escherichia coli cannot synthesize
      certain membrane and cytoplasmic proteins at a non-permissive temperature. Growth
      of the mutant cells is arrested at a specific stage of the cell cycle when
      exposed to the non-permissive conditions, suggesting that the divE mutant
      possesses a defect in cell division control. From sequence determination of a
      cloned 1.35-kbp DNA fragment that complements the temperature-sensitive divE42
      mutation, we characterized two genes in the segment ; one for tRNASer1 and the
      other for a 23 500 dalton protein. In parallel experiments we cloned the
      homologous 1.35-kbp DNA fragment from the divE42 mutant and determined its entire
      nucleotide sequence. Comparison of the two sequences showed that the mutation
      site is located not in the protein gene, but in the tRNA gene, where A10 is
      replaced by G10 in the D-stem. Lambda transducing phages carrying the subcloned
      tRNASer1 gene complemented the divE42 mutation, thereby confirming the conclusion
      obtained from sequence analyses of the fragments. This finding indicates that
      tRNASer1 is specifically involved in regulation of cell cycle-specific protein
      synthesis, coupled with an important step in the process of cell division, or
      that usage of serine tRNA is functionally specific for the biosynthesis of
      certain proteins.

PMID- 6376114
TI  - Particles causing lung disease.
AB  - The lung has a limited number of patterns of reaction to inhaled particles. The
      disease observed depends upon the location: conducting airways, terminal
      bronchioles and alveoli, and upon the nature of inflammation induced: acute,
      subacute or chronic. Many different agents cause narrowing of conducting airways
      (asthma) and some of these cause permanent distortion or obliteration of airways
      as well. Terminal bronchioles appear to be particularly susceptible to particles
      which cause goblet cell metaplasia, mucous plugging and ultimately
      peribronchiolar fibrosis. Cancer is the last outcome at the bronchial level and
      appears to depend upon continuous exposure to or retention of an agent in the
      airway and failure of the affected cells to be exfoliated which may be due to
      squamous metaplasia. Alveoli are populated by endothelial cells, Type I or
      pavement epithelial cells and metabolically active cuboidal Type II cells that
      produce the lungs specific surfactant, dipalmytol lecithin. Disturbances of
      surfactant lead to edema in distal lung while laryngeal edema due to anaphylaxis
      or fumes may produce asphyxia. Physical retention of indigestible particles or
      retention by immune memory responses may provoke hyaline membranes, stimulate
      alveolar lipoproteinosis and finally fibrosis. This later exuberant deposition of
      connective tissue has been best studied in the occupational pneumoconioses
      especially silicosis and asbestosis. In contrast emphysema a catabolic response,
      appears frequently to result from leakage or release of lysosomal proteases into
      the lung during processing of cigarette smoke particles. The insidious and
      probably most important human lung disease due to particles is bronchiolar
      obstruction and obliteration, producing progressive impairment of air flow. The
      responsible particle is the complex combination of poorly digestive lipids and
      complex carbohydrates with active chemicals which we call cigarette smoke. More
      research is needed to perfect, correct and quantify our preliminary picture of
      the pathogenesis of lung disease by particles, but a useful start has been made.

PMID- 6376118
TI  - Cellular distribution of p68, a new calcium-binding protein from lymphocytes.
AB  - A Ca2+-binding protein of mol. wt. 68 000 ( p68 ) is a major component of a
      Nonidet P-40 insoluble fraction of human and pig lymphocyte plasma membrane. An
      affinity-purified rabbit antibody has been produced against p68 and used to study
      its cellular distribution. The antibody stained fixed and permeabilised human B
      lymphoblastoid cells, peripheral blood lymphocytes and sections of human tonsil.
      Whole cells, however, were not stained, indicating that the protein was not
      represented at the cell surface. This assignment was consistent with the
      detection of p68 in immunoprecipitates from biosynthetically- but not surface
      labelled cells. It is concluded that p68 is located on the cytoplasmic face of
      the plasma membrane. Subcellular fractionation experiments confirmed that p68 was
      largely membrane-bound in lymphocytes, although a small soluble fraction
      (approximately 10% of the total) was detected. Sub-fractionation of lymphocyte
      membranes revealed that p68 was associated not only with the plasma membrane but
      also with other endomembrane systems. As judged by immunoprecipitation, p68 was
      present in a variety of cultured cell lines of both lymphoid and non-lymphoid
      origin. p68 demonstrated a diffuse distribution in fixed and permeabilised
      fibroblasts which did not correspond to the distribution of either microfilaments
      or intermediate filaments. However, in detergent-extracted cells the protein was
      localised in a lamina-like network. A similar immunofluorescent staining pattern
      has recently been observed for spectrin-related proteins in the detergent
      resistant cytoskeleton of fibroblasts. It is suggested that p68 is part of a sub
      membranous cytoskeletal complex not only in lymphocytes but also in other cell
      types.

PMID- 6376119
TI  - Autogenous production of interferon-beta switches on HLA genes during
      differentiation of histiocytic lymphoma U937 cells.
AB  - The expression of class I HLA genes was measured during the in vitro
      differentiation of human U937 lymphoma cells towards macrophages. Following the
      onset of differentiation by phorbol myristate acetate the levels of cytoplasmic
      mRNA that hybridized with a [32P]HLA-B cDNA probe increased by a factor of nine.
      Elevation in HLA mRNA accumulation was followed by an increase in the rate of
      synthesis of HLA proteins and also by a dramatic increase in class I HLA cell
      surface antigen expression, as shown by cytofluorimetric analysis. The elevation
      in HLA mRNA and surface antigens could be prevented by adding antibodies against
      human interferon-beta (IFN-beta) to the culture medium at the onset of
      differentiation. Interferon antiviral activity was detected in the medium of
      differentiated U937 cells. The same anti-IFN-beta antibodies prevented the
      increase in (2'-5')oligo(A) synthetase activity which also takes place in
      differentiating U937 cells. Accumulation of the IFN-induced (2'-5')oligo(A)
      synthetase in U937 cells is preceded by an increase in its specific 1.6-kb mRNA
      as shown by hybridization to cloned (2'-5')-oligo(A) synthetase cDNA. The enzyme
      was preferentially found in the nuclear fraction of differentiating U937 cells.
      We suggest that an autogenous production of interferon-beta by the
      differentiating cells, switches on expression of the class I HLA genes as well as
      that of the (2'-5')oligo(A) synthetase.

PMID- 6376111
TI  - Pulmonary and generalized lysosomal storage induced by amphiphilic drugs.
AB  - Administration of amphiphilic drugs to experimental animals causes formation of
      myelinoid bodies in many cell types, accumulation of foamy macrophages in
      pulmonary alveoli and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. These changes are the
      result of an interaction between the drugs and phospholipids which leads to an
      alteration in physicochemical properties of the phospholipids. Impairment of the
      digestion of altered pulmonary secretions in phagosomes of macrophages results in
      accumulation of foam cells in pulmonary alveoli. Impairment of the metabolism of
      altered phospholipids removed by autophagy induces an accumulation of myelinoid
      bodies. The administration of amphiphilic compounds thus causes pulmonary intra
      alveolar histiocytosis which is a part of a drug-induced lysosomal storage or
      generalized lipidosis. The accumulation of drug-lipid complexes in myelinoid
      bodies and in pulmonary foam cells may lead to alteration of cellular functioning
      and to clinical disease. Currently over 50 amphiphilic drugs are known. Unique
      pharmacological properties necessitate clinical use of some of these drugs. The
      occurrence and severity of potential clinical side effects depend on the nature
      of each drug, dosage and duration of treatment, simultaneous administration of
      other drugs and foods, individual metabolic pattern of the patient and other
      factors. Further studies on factors preventing and potentiating adverse effects
      of amphiphilic drugs are indicated.

PMID- 6376121
TI  - Endurance training decreases the alkaline proteolytic activity in mouse skeletal
      muscles.
AB  - Alkaline and myofibrillar protease activities of rectus femoris, soleus, and
      tibialis anterior muscles and the pooled sample of gastrocnemius and plantaris
      muscles were analyzed in male NMRI-mice during a running-training program of 3,
      10, or 20 daily 1-h sessions. The activity of citrate synthase increased during
      the endurance training, reflecting the increased oxidative capacity of skeletal
      muscles. The activities of alkaline and myofibrillar proteases continually
      decreased in the course of the training program in all muscles studied. Instead,
      the activity of beta-glucuronidase (a marker of lysosomal hydrolases) increased
      in all muscles. The highest activities were observed at the beginning of the
      training program. Present results, together with our earlier observations, show
      that the type of training, running as opposed to swimming, modulates the training
      responses in alkaline protease activities. Further, diverse adaptations in the
      activities of alkaline proteases and a lysosomal hydrolase suggest difference in
      the function of different proteolytic systems.

PMID- 6376122
TI  - Yeast RNA polymerase III. Chromatographic, catalytic and DNA-binding properties
      are highly dependent on the type of anion.
AB  - The chromatographic, catalytic and DNA-binding properties of yeast RNA polymerase
      III are highly affected by both concentration and type of salt. The type of anion
      is an especially important modulating factor for the enzymological properties of
      the enzyme. When acetate or sulfate anions are substituted for chloride anions,
      RNA polymerase III exhibits a higher affinity for DEAE-Sephadex A25, becomes able
      to transcribe DNA at relatively high ionic strength and shows a significant
      increase in the binding strength to DNA. A quantitative analysis of the binding
      of the enzyme to single-stranded DNA shows that the number of ionic contacts in
      the complex is not affected by the type of anion, but the nonionic contribution
      to the binding constant is significantly increased when acetate is substituted
      for chloride.

PMID- 6376120
TI  - Widespread occurrence of polypeptides related to neurotubule-associated proteins
      (MAP-1 and MAP-2) in non-neuronal cells and tissues.
AB  - The occurrence and cellular localization of polypeptides related to hog brain
      microtubule-associated proteins 1 and 2 (MAP-1 and MAP-2) in non-neuronal cell
      lines of various species and types, and in several tissues from rat was studied.
      When insoluble cell fractions were prepared by incubation of isotonic cell
      extracts with 20 microM taxol, polypeptides co-migrating with MAP-1 and MAP-2
      upon gel electrophoresis were observed in virtually all cases examined.
      Immunoblotting of preparations from 3T6, CHO, HeLa and N2A cells, as well as
      pituitary, heart, testis and liver revealed immuno-reactivity with antibodies to
      neuronal MAP-1 for polypeptides co-migrating with MAP-1 in all cases, except for
      HeLa cells and liver. With similar preparations, antibodies raised to neuronal
      MAP-2 were barely reactive with bands of the MAP-2 size except for N2A cells and
      pituitary gland. In all cases of non-neuronal cells and tissues, major cross
      reactive bands, however, were of mol. wt. lower than that of MAP-2, indicating,
      most likely, proteolytic breakdown of MAP-2 during cell fractionation. As shown
      by double immunofluorescence microscopy of various cultured cell lines using
      affinity-purified antibodies to MAPs, and monoclonal antibodies to tubulin, MAP-1
      as well as MAP-2-related antigens were generally, but not exclusively, associated
      with typical microtubule structures of the cytoplasm, spindle, midbody and
      primary cilia. Antigens related to both MAPs were also localized in frozen
      sections of rat trachea, testis, pituitary, kidney and cardiac and skeletal
      muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6376123
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the sucA gene encoding the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase of
      Escherichia coli K12.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of a 3180-base-pair segment of DNA, containing the sucA
      gene encoding the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase component (E1o) of the 2
      oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex of Escherichia coli, has been determined by
      the dideoxy chain-termination method. The sucA structural gene contains 2796 base
      pairs (932 codons, excluding the initiation codon AUG) and encodes a polypeptide
      having a glutamine residue at the amino terminus, a glutamate residue at the
      carboxy-terminus and a calculated Mr = 104905. The predicted amino acid
      composition is in good agreement with published information obtained by
      hydrolysis of the purified enzyme. There is a striking lack of sequence homology
      between the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (E1o) and the corresponding pyruvate
      dehydrogenase (E1p), which suggests that the two components are not closely
      related in evolutionary terms. The location and polarity of the sucA gene,
      relative to the restriction map of the corresponding segment of DNA, are
      consistent with it being the proximal gene of the suc operon, as defined in
      previous genetic and post-infection labelling studies, but it could also form
      part of a more complex regulatory unit. The sucA gene is preceded by a segment of
      DNA that contains many substantial regions of hyphenated dyad symmetry including
      an IS-like sequence of the type that is thought to function as an intercistronic
      regulatory element. This segment also contains three putative RNA polymerase
      binding sites and a good ribosome binding site.

PMID- 6376124
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the sucB gene encoding the dihydrolipoamide
      succinyltransferase of Escherichia coli K12 and homology with the corresponding
      acetyltransferase.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of the sucB gene, which encodes the dihydrolipoamide
      succinyltransferase component (E2o) of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
      of Escherichia coli K12, has been determined by the dideoxy chain-termination
      method. The results extend by 1440 base pairs the previously reported sequence of
      3180 base pairs, containing the sucA gene. The sucB structural gene comprises
      1209 base pairs (403 codons excluding the initiating AUG), and it is preceded by
      a 14-base-pair intercistronic region containing a good ribosomal binding site.
      The absence of a typical terminator sequence and the presence of an IS-like
      sequence downstream of sucB suggest that there may be further gene(s) in the suc
      operon. The IS-like sequence is homologous with other intercistronic sequences
      including that between the sdhB and sucA genes, the overall gene organisation
      being: sdhB-IS-sucAsucB-IS-. The patterns of codon usage indicate that sucB may
      be more strongly expressed than sucA, consistent with the disproportionate
      contents of their products in the oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. The
      predicted amino acid composition and Mr (43 607) of the succinyltransferase
      component agree with previous studies on the purified protein. Comparison with
      the corresponding acetyltransferase component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase
      complex (E2p, aceF gene product) indicates that each contains two analogous
      domains, an amino-terminal lipoyl domain linked to a carboxy-terminal catalytic
      and subunit binding domain. The lipoyl domain of the acetyltransferase (E2p)
      comprises three tandemly repeated approximately 100-residue lipoyl binding
      regions containing two short (approximately 19 residues) internal repeats,
      whereas the lipoyl domain of the succinyltransferase (E2o) contains just one
      approximately 100-residue lipoyl binding region, with approximately 27% homology
      to each of the three comparable regions in E2p, and no detectable internal
      repeats. The catalytic and subunit binding domains, each approximately 300
      residues, have an overall homology of 34% and, consistent with their combination
      of analogous and specific functions, some regions are more homologous than
      others. Both sequences feature segments rich in proline and alanine. In E2p these
      occur at the carboxy-terminal ends of each of the three lipoyl binding regions,
      there being a particularly extended sequence at the end of the third repeat,
      whereas in E2o the main proline-alanine segment is found approximately 50
      residues into the subunit binding domain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6376125
TI  - Isolation of active and inactive forms of isocitrate dehydrogenase from
      Escherichia coli ML 308.
AB  - In Escherichia coli ML308 isocitrate dehydrogenase is partially inactivated
      during growth on acetate [Bennett, P.M. and Holms, W.H. (1975) J. Gen. Microbiol.
      87, 37-51]. The active form of isocitrate dehydrogenase was purified to
      homogeneity from cells grown on glycerol. The key step in the procedure was
      chromatography on procion-red-Sepharose, from which the enzyme was specifically
      eluted with NADP+. Two forms of isocitrate dehydrogenase were purified to
      homogeneity from cells grown on acetate. One form did not bind to procion-red
      Sepharose and was essentially inactive; this form could be resolved from the
      active form by non-denaturing gel electrophoresis. The other form was
      specifically eluted from procion-red-Sepharose and was partially active; analysis
      of this form by non-denaturing gel electrophoresis suggested that it was a
      mixture of the active and inactive forms. The three forms comigrated on
      denaturing gel electrophoresis and were identical by the criterion of one
      dimensional peptide mapping. Analysis of the active and inactive forms by
      sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation and non-denaturing gel electrophoresis
      showed that they differed in charge but not in size. Amino acid analysis and two
      dimensional peptide mapping showed that both forms were dimers of identical
      subunits. The active form of the enzyme contained no detectable alkali-labile
      phosphate, the inactive form contained 0.8 molecule/subunit and the partially
      active form contained an intermediate amount. The data suggest that the active
      and inactive forms of isocitrate dehydrogenase differ only in the presence of one
      phosphate group per subunit in the latter form; this is consistent with our
      results from phosphorylation of isocitrate dehydrogenase in vitro (Following
      paper in this journal). The nature of the partially active form of isocitrate
      dehydrogenase and the significance of the results are discussed.

PMID- 6376126
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of exocrine enzymes in rat pancreatic acinar
      carcinoma.
AB  - Ten pancreatic secretory proteins have been demonstrated in differentiated
      pancreatic acinar carcinoma cells by the protein A-gold immunocytochemical
      approach. The high resolution of the technique has allowed for the localization
      of the different proteins in the cellular compartments involved in protein
      secretion: RER, Golgi and secretory granules. The quantitative evaluation of the
      labeling for amylase has demonstrated the presence of an increasing gradient in
      the intensity from the RER to the Golgi and to the secretory granules which may
      reflect the process of protein concentration along the secretory pathway. These
      results, together with those obtained using the pulse-labeling autoradiographic
      approach, demonstrate that differentiated acinar carcinoma cells are capable of
      processing secretory proteins. When intensities of labeling obtained for
      different proteins on acinar carcinoma cells were compared to those obtained on
      normal pancreatic acinar cells, major differences were observed for some
      proteins. In addition, studies performed on the pancreatic tissue of the tumor
      bearing animals have shown the presence of morphological alterations in the
      acinar cells.

PMID- 6376127
TI  - A new embedding medium for cryo-sectioning eggs of high yolk and lipid content.
AB  - Eggs can be cryo-sectioned without rupture of the yolk- and lipid-containing
      areas after embedding in a mixture of polymerized acrylamide, crosslinked
      gelatine, 'Jung' medium and buffer. For initial fixation of the section on the
      slide a fixative containing glue is employed, followed by postfixation treatment.
      The new technique improves sectioning of large eggs including embryonic stages
      for histological and histochemical studies. It is especially useful for eggs
      containing large amounts of yolk (insects, snails, fishes and newts) and for
      secretory organs containing high levels of proteinaceous material.

PMID- 6376128
TI  - High-dose cis-platinum in combination with adriamycin in the treatment of ovarian
      carcinoma.
AB  - Although promising potential of high dose cis-platinum in the treatment of
      ovarian carcinoma has been reported (6,7), a combination of adriamycin (60 mg/m2)
      and high dose cis-platinum (100 mg/m2) in 9 patients with advanced or recurrent
      ovarian carcinoma revealed no improved response compared to 13 patients receiving
      adriamycin (60 mg/m2) and cis-platinum (60 mg/m2). In addition to increased
      marrow toxicity, there is suggestion of synergism of cis-platinum to adriamycin
      cardiotoxicity. The efficacy of other agent/agents in combination with high dose
      cis-platinum should further be investigated.

PMID- 6376129
TI  - Plasminogen activator and cancer.
AB  - Plasminogen activator is a protease which catalyses the conversion of the
      inactive plasminogen to the active plasmin. Most transformed cell lines and solid
      tumors produce elevated levels of plasminogen activator compared with
      nontransformed counterparts. This increased synthesis of plasminogen activator
      may play a role in tumorigenesis, cancer invasion and metastasis. Measurement of
      plasminogen activator in tumor extracts and body fluids may provide diagnostic
      and prognostic information. Finally, since plasminogen activator is an estradiol
      inducible enzyme, its measurement in breast carcinomas might be a marker for a
      functional estrogen receptor.

PMID- 6376130
TI  - Repeated high-dose cyclophosphamide, BCNU and VP-16-213 and autologous bone
      marrow transplantation in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia in first remission.
AB  - In adult acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) cure is rare. The purpose of this study
      was to try to improve remission duration and survival by administration of two
      courses of high-dose chemotherapy, each followed by autologous bone marrow
      rescue, in first remission. Chemotherapy consisted of cyclophosphamide, BCNU and
      VP-16-213. Rescue bone marrow was fractionated over a discontinuous albumin
      gradient to minimize contamination with leukemic cells. Fourteen patients entered
      the study. Median total remission duration was 14 months. Three patients relapsed
      after one course of treatment. Five patients relapsed after the second course.
      Four patients died after the second course and two patients remain alive and well
      in unmaintained remission, with a total remission duration of 42+ and 47+ months.
      It is concluded that this regimen is toxic but, with careful selection of
      patients, may lead to long-term unmaintained remissions.

PMID- 6376131
TI  - Ia-like antigen expression on biologically different human melanoma cell lines.
AB  - Ia-like antigen binding of a large panel of monoclonal antibodies (six anti-human
      Ia-like monoclonal antibodies and ten murine anti-Ia monoclonal antibodies cross
      reactive with human Ia-like antigens) were compared on seven permanent human
      melanoma cell lines by radioimmunoassay. Cell lines were initiated from primary
      or metastatic tumors and presented various levels of tumorigenicity (assessed by
      heterotransplantation in nude mice) and pigmentation (shown by 5-S-cysteinyldopa
      determination and cytological data). Two cell lines originated from the same
      primary melanoma, while two other pairs of cell lines originated from superficial
      spreading melanoma or metastatic lymph node of the same patients. Identical Ia
      like allodeterminants were found in cell lines of the same individual origin.
      Quantitative expression of beta 2-microglobulin and Ia-like antigens was similar
      in all cell lines except for one, in which these molecules were expressed in
      lower amounts. These results indicate that Ia-like antigen expression of the cell
      lines is unrelated to primary or metastatic origin, degree of pigmentation and
      ability to grow in nude mice.

PMID- 6376132
TI  - Exercise and self-esteem.
AB  - It must be stressed that there have been few advances in understanding the
      relationship between exercise and self-esteem over the last fifteen years.
      Psychological theory, with its consideration of situational and transitory self
      concept, would hold that a majority of the positive results can be explained by
      alternative interpretations and experimental limitations. At this time it is not
      known why or in what manner exercise programs affect self-esteem, or which people
      are responsive. Because of the pervasiveness of self-esteem in human functioning,
      it would seem that a rudimentary understanding of these interactions would lead
      to the delivery of more effective services. Exercise science has laid the
      foundation for various health advances over the past fifteen years. The early,
      extensive study of psychological variables when planning exercise studies is a
      way of enlarging those advances.

PMID- 6376134
TI  - Women and exercise: physiological aspects.

PMID- 6376133
TI  - The influence of exercise on the concentrations of triglyceride and cholesterol
      in human plasma.
AB  - Exercise exerts both acute and chronic effects on plasma lipid and lipoprotein
      concentrations. Much of the triglyceride-lowering effect is an acute response,
      with the changes in cholesterol having a greater chronic component. The acute Tg
      decrease seems to be due to accelerated catabolism resulting from increased LPL
      activity. Following exercise, and on a more chronic basis, decreased VLDL-Tg
      synthesis may also occur in response to an increase in tissue insulin
      sensitivity. The low body fat content of endurance-trained athletes also
      contributes to lower Tg concentrations, through this same mechanism. The
      magnitude of the plasma Tg response to acute or chronic exercise is highly
      influenced by preexercise values--decreases in plasma Tg occur only when
      preexercise values are elevated. The major exercise effect on plasma cholesterol
      appears to be an increase in HDL-C as a result of endurance training, very likely
      related to the increase in LPL activity and Tg catabolism. This response is not
      always achieved with exercise training, and has been especially difficult to
      demonstrate in previously sedentary women. Exercise effects on HDL-C may be
      augmented by weight loss or changes in nutrient intake, but these
      interrelationships are not well established. A dose-response relationship exists,
      with the lower threshold influenced by baseline HDL-C values and exercise status.
      The higher HDL-C associated with endurance training is the result of increases in
      the less dense HDL2 subfraction, with elevations in both the lipid and protein
      components. Relatively small decreases in LDL-C occur with training. The
      biological mechanisms for these exercise effects have not been established.

PMID- 6376136
TI  - The cross-cultural study of games.

PMID- 6376135
TI  - Exercise, training, and hypertension.

PMID- 6376137
TI  - Temperature regulation during exercise: old concepts, new ideas.
AB  - In Figure 13 we have tried to summarize the interactions of thermal and
      nonthermal control of effector responses, the effects these responses have on the
      body during exercise, and the ways the changing state of the body feeds back on
      the central control systems. These systems were depicted in Figure 3 and are
      included in condensed form in Figure 13. Exercise affects thermoregulatory
      responses not only by increasing heat production, but also through a number of
      other mechanisms. For example, the thermoregulatory responses tend to reduce
      central venous pressure, and sweating without fluid replacement will increase
      plasma osmolality. The secondary effects of these changes on the control of the
      thermoregulatory responses may themselves have an important effect on the rise in
      Tc during prolonged exercise or exercise in the heat. In concluding, it is
      appropriate to briefly answer the questions raised in the introduction. In our
      view, the concept of shifting the set point is not different from the concept of
      resetting the "thermostat," and the temperature regulatory system is governed by
      only one set point, which does not change during exercise. Tsk does not change
      the set point as we have defined it. Rather it combines with thermal information
      from the core and other deep body thermo-detectors to produce a thermoregulatory
      command signal Tws distributed to all effector responses. To demonstrate a set
      point shift, one must show that the Tws thresholds for initiating all heat
      dissipating responses shift in the same direction. Although this does not occur
      with exercise, it does occur with time of day, heat acclimation, endurance
      training, and fever. A hyperosmolar state also can raise the threshold for
      sweating and vasodilation uniformly, and therefore may also raise the set point.
      However, a change in posture, for example, which alters the threshold for
      vasodilation but not for sweating, does not alter the set point. We believe that
      a shift in threshold for a given effector may be produced by either a central or
      a peripheral mechanism. For example, an ion-osmotic influence on the sweating: Tc
      threshold may be at the level of the central nervous system or the sweat gland
      itself. However, a set point shift must be a central event, since it influences
      all effector responses uniformly. Is the set point governed by the ratio of
      sodium to calcium ions in the posterior hypothalamus? This is unlikely. Shifts in
      ion concentration can influence effector responses, but they do not appear to
      shift all effectors uniformly.

PMID- 6376138
TI  - Computer simulation of human motion in sports biomechanics.
AB  - This chapter has covered some important aspects of the computer simulation of
      human motion in sports biomechanics. First the definition and the advantages and
      limitations of computer simulation were discussed; second, research on various
      sporting activities were reviewed. These activities included basic movements,
      aquatic sports, track and field athletics, winter sports, gymnastics, and
      striking sports. This list was not exhaustive and certain material has, of
      necessity, been omitted. However, it was felt that a sufficiently broad and
      interesting range of activities was chosen to illustrate both the advantages and
      the pitfalls of simulation. It is almost a decade since Miller [53] wrote a
      review chapter similar to this one. One might be tempted to say that things have
      changed radically since then--that computer simulation is now a widely accepted
      and readily applied research tool in sports biomechanics. This is simply not
      true, however. Biomechanics researchers still tend to emphasize the descriptive
      type of study, often unfortunately, when a little theoretical explanation would
      have been more helpful [29]. What will the next decade bring? Of one thing we can
      be certain: The power of computers, particularly the readily accessible and
      portable microcomputer, will expand beyond all recognition. The memory and
      storage capacities will increase dramatically on the hardware side, and on the
      software side the trend will be toward "user-friendliness." It is likely that a
      number of software simulation packages designed specifically for studying human
      motion [31, 96] will be extensively tested and could gain wide acceptance in the
      biomechanics research community. Nevertheless, a familiarity with Newtonian and
      Lagrangian mechanics, optimization theory, and computers in general, as well as
      practical biomechanical insight, will still be a prerequisite for successful
      simulation models of human motion. Above all, the biomechanics researcher will
      still have to bear in mind that his or her model is merely a simplified
      representation of the real-world system and, as such, has certain limitations. In
      conclusion, it is evident that the path we have followed has been an interesting
      and varied one. The way ahead looks equally interesting and diverse, and we can
      certainly look forward with confidence to the exciting challenges and benefits
      that computer simulation of human motion will bring.

PMID- 6376139
TI  - Human strength curves.

PMID- 6376140
TI  - Physiological and biomechanical correlates of muscle function: effects of muscle
      structure and stretch-shortening cycle on force and speed.

PMID- 6376141
TI  - Diltiazem and verapamil: functional antagonism of exogenous noradrenaline and
      angiotensin II in man.
AB  - To evaluate the possible functional antagonism of the calcium antagonists
      diltiazem and verapamil of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin
      angiotensin system, their influence on blood pressure, heart rate, plasma
      catecholamines and renin activity (PRA), and on the reaction of these parameters
      to exogenous noradrenaline (NA) and angiotensin II, was investigated in 8
      normotensive volunteers. Intravenous diltiazem or verapamil caused a sharp,
      shortlasting decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, with a maximum 1
      3 min after injection and a duration of 10-15 min. Even a further infusion of the
      calcium antagonists was unable to maintain the initial hypotensive effect. The
      cessation of the hypotensive effect was not due to reflex stimulation of the
      sympathetic nervous system, as indicated by unchanged plasma NA and adrenaline
      levels in the case of diltiazem, but was associated with an increase in PRA.
      During the administration of diltiazem and verapamil, the increase in blood
      pressure in response to the infusion of NA and angiotensin II was attenuated; the
      increase in diastolic pressure was mainly affected. The inhibition was more
      pronounced at the higher infusion rate of NA and angiotensin II. On the basis of
      these findings it is suggest that the hypotensive activity of calcium antagonists
      can be at least partly attributed to a reduction in vascular tone which is
      maintained by the postjunctional action of noradrenaline and angiotensin II.

PMID- 6376142
TI  - Comparison of acute and subacute effects of deflazacort and prednisone on glucose
      metabolism in man.
AB  - Corticosteroid treatment produces glucose intolerance with insulin resistance.
      Recent reports have indicated that deflazacort (DF) is significantly less
      diabetogenic than prednisone (PN). A euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic (100
      microU/ml) glucose clamp ( EHGC ) and 3H-glucose infusion for 240 min were
      performed in 6 healthy volunteers (HV) after administration of 15 mg PN or 18 mg
      DF, 12 h and 2 h before test. The glucose metabolic clearance rate (MCR) was
      significantly (p = 0.02) higher after DF (4.75 +/- 0.58 ml/min X kg) than after
      PN (3.31 +/- 0.27 ml/min X kg). Basal hepatic glucose production (HGP) was
      significantly (p = 0.003) lower after DF (3.58 +/- 0.33 mg/kg X min) than after
      PN (4.44 +/- 0.23 mg/kg X min). A similar pattern was obtained for glucose volume
      (GV) and glucose pool (GP). The kinetic parameters of insulin were not
      significantly different after the two drugs. After 7 day of PN 30 mg/day or DF 36
      mg/day, EHGC and 3H-glucose infusion for 240 min were performed in 10 HV. Glucose
      MCR values were significantly (p = 0.03) higher after DF (5.03 +/- 0.91 ml/min X
      kg) than after PN (2.80 +/- 0.26 ml/min X kg). HGP values did not different
      significantly after the two drugs. GV (p = 0.001) and GP (p = 0.002) were
      significantly lower after DF than after PN. Insulin kinetics were not
      significantly different after the two drugs. It is concluded that on acute and 7
      day administration to healthy subjects DF, in an anti-inflammatory dose
      equivalent to PN, shows significantly less influence on glucose metabolism.

PMID- 6376143
TI  - Clinical value of assessing prednisolone pharmacokinetics before and after renal
      transplantation.
AB  - The value of assessing the kinetics of prednisolone for predicting graft survival
      and the occurrence of adverse effects of long-term treatment with prednisolone
      was evaluated in 35 renal transplant patients. The subjects were given an oral
      test dose of 30 mg prednisolone before, shortly after and 3 months after
      transplantation. Serum samples were assayed for prednisolone and endogenous
      hydrocortisone by a specific HPLC method. Intrinsic prednisolone clearance
      differed less than three-fold (range 0.10-0.27 l/kg X h) between the patients and
      was relatively stable at different times in each of them. From the data obtained
      it was not possible to predict rejection episodes. If rejection occurred,
      however, a high clearance (greater than or equal to 0.20 l/kg X h) appeared to be
      deleterious for the outcome (p less than 0.05). Patients with Cushingoid habitus
      did not differ from non-Cushingoid patients with respect to prednisolone
      clearance or endogenous hydrocortisone level. 7 out of 8 cases of steroid-related
      complications (steroid diabetes, psychosis, duodenal ulcer, perforation of the
      colon and osteonecrosis) occurred in patients with a clearance lower than 0.16
      l/kg X h (ns). The one-year graft survival rate was 67% in patients with a
      clearance greater than or equal to 0.16 l/kg X h, compared to 85% in patients
      with a lower clearance (ns). Although some correlation may exist between
      prednisolone kinetics, graft survival and steroid-related complications (not
      statistically significant in the present study), the predictive value of
      prednisolone kinetics is probably small in routine clinical work.

PMID- 6376144
TI  - Treatment of adult asthma: controlled double-blind clinical trial of oxitropium
      bromide.
AB  - Sixteen young adult sufferers from extrinsic paroxysmal asthma with pollen
      hypersensitivity took part in a therapeutic trial of the synthetic
      anticholinergic agent oxitropium bromide administered by a metered dose inhaler.
      The study comprised three 3-week periods. The first, run-in period was carried
      out to confirm the ability of the patients to maintain a daily record of
      symptoms. During the second and third periods, the patient received 3 X 2
      inhalations of drug or placebo in a cross-over design. The medical staff was
      blind to the nature of the aerosol (drug or placebo), which was given in random
      order. The run-in clinical score was high. Asymptomatic days were relatively
      infrequent and daily drug consumption was high. Functional studies between the
      cross-over periods showed flow-rate values close to normal, with an increase in
      residual volume and functional residual capacity. During treatment either with
      placebo or oxitropium, there was a statistically significant decrease in clinical
      scores. Results for oxitropium bromide treatment were significantly better than
      the run-in values (p less than 0.005) and the placebo period (p less than 0.02).
      There was no significant change in non-trial drug consumption. Functional values
      showed no difference in terms of flow rate, although oxitropium did cause a
      significant improvement in the RV/TLC ratio (p less than 0.05). No adverse
      reactions were reported.

PMID- 6376145
TI  - Glipizide increases plasma insulin but not C-peptide level after a standardized
      breakfast in type 2 diabetic patients.
AB  - Peripheral blood glucose, plasma insulin and C-peptide levels were investigated
      after giving a standardized breakfast (500 kcal, 60 g carbohydrates) to 10
      nonobese Type 2 diabetic patients previously treated by diet alone. Each patient
      received at random, at 1 week intervals, either 5 mg glipizide (meal + glipizide)
      or a placebo (meal alone) 30 min before breakfast. Basal values of blood glucose,
      plasma insulin and C-peptide were similar on both occasions. After meal +
      glipizide, the blood glucose increase was sharply limited whereas the rise in
      plasma insulin was steeper and reached twice as high a level. In contrast, the
      rise in plasma C-peptide was similar in both conditions. Consequently, the areas
      under the curves (0-300 min) showed a marked reduction in blood glucose after
      meal + glipizide (2289 +/- 149 versus 3101 +/- 169 mmol X min/1; 2p less than
      0.001), associated with a significant increase in plasma insulin (14219 +/- 3261
      versus 7591 +/- 1173 microU X min/ml; 2p less than 0.025) but no significant
      change in plasma C-peptide (342 +/- 45 versus 326 +/- 34 pmol X min/ml; N.S.).
      The insulin/C-peptide molar ratio was thus significantly increased after meal +
      glipizide (0.41 +/- 0.06 versus 0.23 +/- 0.04 at the 60th min; 2p less than
      0.02). The dissociation between the responses of insulin and C-peptide suggests
      that a single dose of 5 mg glipizide in Type 2 diabetic subjects may enhance
      availability of peripheral insulin by extrapancreatic mechanism(s). This
      phenomenon may result in a higher circulating level of the hormone and therefore
      represent a further mode of action of sulphonylureas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6376146
TI  - Effect of diltiazem on plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon during an oral
      glucose tolerance test in healthy volunteers.
AB  - The effect of the calcium antagonist, diltiazem, on glycoregulation was
      investigated in 12 healthy volunteers using a standard glucose tolerance test. No
      significant change was observed in plasma glucose, insulin or glucagon levels
      after oral treatment for B days with diltiazem 180 mg/day.

PMID- 6376147
TI  - The role of B cell surface Ia antigen recognition by T cells in B cell
      triggering. Analysis of the interaction of cloned helper T cells with normal B
      cells in differing states of activation and with B cells expressing the xid
      defect.
AB  - Two discrete mechanisms of T-B cell collaboration appear to exist. In cognate
      recognition, B cell triggering results from a direct recognition of antigen and
      MHC determinants at the B cell surface. Alternatively, B cells can be triggered
      by transstimulation, in which the Th cell is activated by an antigen-presenting
      cell to produce soluble factors which in turn trigger the B cell. This report
      addresses the question of whether antigen recognition at the B cell surface in
      association with Ia determinants delivers a signal to the B cell, which is
      qualitatively different from the signals delivered by the soluble mediators
      released by the activated Th cell. Previous reports from a number of laboratories
      suggest that cognate recognition is obligatory for the triggering of small
      resting B cells and B cells of the Lyb-5- phenotype, whereas enlarged B cell
      blasts and the Lyb-5+ subset can be triggered solely by soluble mediators.
      Contrary to these findings, the experiments described here indicate that B cells
      isolated in different states of activation from normal spleens on the basis of
      their buoyant density in Percoll density gradients, or unfractionated B cells
      from mice differing genetically due to the xid defect [Lyb-5- B cells from (CBA/N
      X BALB/c)F1 male mice], do not discriminate between the two modes of Th cell
      function. In both stimulation modes, the high density B cells, and the B cells
      from xid mice made very poor immunoglobulin secretory responses measured in terms
      of reverse plaque formation on protein A-coupled erythrocytes. When the responses
      of different density fractions of B cells were compared under conditions where
      stimulation occurred either directly or indirectly via transstimulation, the
      following hierarchy of responsiveness in both the proliferative and plaque
      forming cell (PFC) responses was observed in the density fractions 60% greater
      than 65% greater than 70% greater than 75%. The hierarchy was the same in both
      modes of interaction and the deficiency of the high density, small B cells was
      far more marked in the PFC assay than in the proliferative assay. We conclude
      that the initial proliferative response of the resting B cell can be triggered
      comparably in vitro under conditions of direct or transstimulation. Thus,
      recognition of B cell surface Ia by Th cells is not obligatory for B cell
      activation and does not transfer an essential transmembrane signal to the B cell.

PMID- 6376148
TI  - Stimulation of gastric alkaline secretion by stable prostacyclin analogues in rat
      and dog.
AB  - The stimulation of gastric alkaline secretion in vivo following topical mucosal
      application of four stable anti-ulcer analogues of prostacyclin has been
      investigated in the rat and in the dog using intragastric pH-stat techniques. In
      the rat, basal alkaline secretion was significantly stimulated by the
      prostacyclin analogues 16-phenoxy-(5 alpha)-5,9-epoxy-PGF1 (16-phenoxy) and its
      methyl ester, when administered in the luminal perfusion fluid. The 16-phenoxy
      analogue (25 and 50 micrograms ml-1) increased basal alkaline secretion with its
      methyl ester being more potent. The methyl ester of 16,16-dimethyl PGI1 (25 and
      50 micrograms ml-1) likewise stimulated alkaline secretion whereas its
      corresponding free acid was inactive at these concentrations. In further studies
      in the conscious dog with a Heidenhain gastric pouch, these four prostacyclin
      analogues administered intraluminally (1.25 micrograms ml-1) significantly
      increased gastric alkaline secretion. The present findings indicate that the
      stable 16-phenoxy and 16, 16-dimethyl analogues of prostacyclin, can stimulate
      gastric alkaline secretion in the dog and rat in vivo. As with the previously
      reported 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 analogue, this property of stimulating alkaline
      secretion may therefore contribute to the antiulcer activity of these
      prostacyclin analogues.

PMID- 6376149
TI  - Co-ordinate control of centrosomal separation and DNA synthesis by growth
      regulators.
AB  - We have tested the effects of various mitogens and growth inhibitors on
      centrosomal separation (CS) in serum-deprived HeLa, gerbil fibroma (GF) and A431
      cells. All of the agents which were mitogenic in a given cell type also
      stimulated CS. No agent was found which stimulated CS but failed to stimulate DNA
      synthesis. Inhibitors of DNA synthesis, including somatostatin, hydrocortisone, 8
      bromo-cAMP, and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in A431 cells, also inhibited CS in
      response to mitogens. In GF cells (blocked at the G1/S interface with
      hydroxyurea) centrosomal re-association and the decay in commitment to DNA
      synthesis upon serum withdrawal occurred with a similar t1/2 (8.8 h). These
      results demonstrate that CS and DNA synthesis are co-ordinately regulated by a
      variety of stimulators and inhibitors of cell proliferation. Separation of the
      centrosomes, or an underlying event with which it is tightly coupled, may
      represent the point of cellular commitment to enter S phase.

PMID- 6376150
TI  - Cultured endothelial cells produce multiple growth factors for connective tissue
      cells.
AB  - Cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) secrete into their medium a
      growth-promoting factor that stimulates many connective tissue cells in culture.
      We now report that this growth-promoting activity is due to at least two
      different proteins which are biochemically separable and immunologically
      distinct. Cation exchange chromatography (Carboxymethyl-Sephadex) of concentrated
      BAEC-conditioned medium yields two major peaks of growth-promoting activity which
      adsorb at pH 8 and elute with a salt gradient. One of these peaks contains as
      well a protein that inhibits the binding of radioiodinated platelet-derived
      growth factor (PDGF) to its receptor on target cells. The PDGF-like mitogen is
      purified approx. 25-fold by this chromatographic step. A second peak of mitogenic
      activity exhibits no binding to the PDGF receptor. Both the PDGF-like mitogenic
      activity and the PDGF-distinct mitogenic activity are highly cationic, stable to
      boiling, sensitive to beta-mercaptoethanol, and between 30 and 50 kD in molecular
      weight. Complementary studies with human umbilical vein endothelial cells in
      culture were performed. These human cells also produce both growth-promoting
      activity and a protein that binds to the PDGF receptor. The latter activity is
      greatly inhibited by a specific antiserum to human PDGF, whereas the growth
      promoting activity of the conditioned medium is minimally affected. The degree of
      inhibition of the two activities is, however, quantitatively consistent: 3.5 ng
      of PDGF-like activity in the radioreceptor assay is inhibited, while 5 ng of PDGF
      like activity in the DNA synthesis assay is inhibited. The data from the two
      species are consistent with the proposal that cultured endothelial cells produce
      at least two distinct mitogens, one of which is biochemically and immunologically
      related to PDGF.

PMID- 6376151
TI  - Regulation of cytoskeletal architecture by platelet-derived growth factor,
      insulin and epidermal growth factor.
AB  - Addition of ng/ml quantities of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
      component of serum to the culture medium of quiescent monolayers of BALB/c-3T3
      cells rapidly altered the actomyosin cytoskeletal system. PDGF triggered
      dispersal of microfilament bundles and induced phosphorylation of the 20 kD
      myosin light chain within 5 min of addition. Additional cytoskeletal responses
      followed the addition of insulin and of epidermal growth factor (EGF). Insulin
      alone induces a transient breakdown of well defined microtubule filaments. EGF
      and insulin together induced moderate perturbation of the cytoplasmic network of
      intermediate filaments which then reformed within a 90-180 min time frame. This
      response, however, was greatly enhanced in cells which were pretreated with PDGF
      and it appears to be a secondary event occurring as a consequence of cell growth.
      The PDGF-induced disruption of microfilament bundles could be blocked by
      phalloidin with no apparent inhibition of the mitogenic response. Insulin alone
      is only weakly mitogenic for 3T3 cells. The data thus indicate that the
      architecture of two discrete cytoskeletal elements (microtubules and
      microfilaments) is regulated directly by separate serum growth factors (insulin
      and PDGF). However the disruption of microfilament architecture by PDGF does not
      seem necessary for induction of cell growth and the disruption of microtubule
      filaments by insulin is not sufficient.

PMID- 6376152
TI  - Focal contacts of spreading platelets with the substratum.
AB  - Contacts with glass substratum formed by the spreading rabbit platelets were
      examined by an antibody-exclusion method; monoclonal antibodies against 80 kD
      bovine serum protein were used. It was found that platelets form focal contacts
      in the course of spreading. The size of the largest focal contacts formed by
      platelets is smaller than that of the contacts formed by fibroblasts. The
      antibody-exclusion method revealed focal contacts of platelets much more clearly
      than interference reflection microscopy (IRM). The similarity of reactions
      involved in spreading platelets and of large nucleus-containing tissue cells is
      discussed.

PMID- 6376153
TI  - Meiotic karyotype of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - A cytogenetic study of the meiotic chromosomes of the budding yeast Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae was undertaken by high resolution epifluorescence microscopy.
      Condensation of chromatin into separate chromosomes takes place during prophase
      I. At metaphase I, there are 16 separate and distinct bivalents which are roughly
      classified into three groups by morphological differences and DNA content.

PMID- 6376154
TI  - Plasma membrane lipid order of leukemic and normal immature avian erythroid
      cells.
AB  - Mammalian erythroblasts and their leukemic counterparts contain characteristic
      disordered regions of plasma membrane identified as putative membrane protein
      collection sites. In order to determine whether erythroid cells which do not
      enucleate contain homologous membrane domains, immature avian erythroid precursor
      cells and avian erythroleukemic cells were examined using merocyanine 540
      (MC540), a fluorescent dye whose binding is sensitive to the packing of membrane
      lipids. Results were found to contrast with previous studies of the murine
      equivalents of these cells. In birds, normal erythroid precursors, including
      basophilic erythroblasts from the bone marrow and spleen of anemic animals,
      contained no detectable (less than 0.1%) cells which were stained by the dye. But
      cells from chicks infected with avian erythroblastosis virus (AEV) did stain.
      Considering the pattern of staining observed on AEV-erythroblasts relative to
      other leukemic and normal phenotypes, however, we conclude that neither normal
      nor leukemic avian erythroid cells contain a functional equivalent to the
      membrane protein collection sites found on their mammalian counterparts.

PMID- 6376155
TI  - Differential effects of calcium deprivation on the cytoskeleton of non
      tumorigenic and tumorigenic rat liver cells in culture.
AB  - Normal rat liver T51B epithelial cells and Morris no. 7795 hepatoma cells growing
      exponentially were exposed for 24 h to standard medium containing low (0.02 mM)
      calcium, a concentration which drastically reduces the proliferation of normal
      but not tumour cells. Cell surface morphology was examined by scanning electron
      microscopy (SEM); and the distribution and organization of microtubules,
      cytokeratin and vimentin filaments, and microfilaments were analysed by indirect
      immunofluorescence microscopy using specific antibodies. Calcium deprivation
      caused the loss of intercellular cohesion in both cell types and the appearance
      of some microvilli and blebs, particularly on tumour cells. However, marked
      differential (normal vs tumour cells) effects on the organizational integrity of
      the cytoskeleton fibrillar network were observed. Extracellular calcium
      deprivation led to a particular rearrangement of microtubules, and a perinuclear
      accumulation of cytokeratin and vimentin filaments in normal, but not in tumour
      cells. A massive concentration of actin-containing microfilaments was observed in
      the cell periphery and blebs of hepatoma cells. In the light of the possible
      involvement of calcium in controlling cytoskeleton assembly, the differing
      cytoskeletal changes of the two cell types may be linked to their different
      proliferative capabilities in low-calcium medium.

PMID- 6376156
TI  - Binding uptake and degradation of antithrombin III X protease complexes by
      cultured corneal endothelial cells.
AB  - Interaction of 125I-labeled human antithrombin III (125I-AT III) X protease
      complexes with bovine corneal endothelial cells has been studied in tissue
      culture. 125I-AT III does not bind to endothelial cells, but its complexes with
      either thrombin or trypsin bind specifically to the cultures. The binding of 125I
      AT III X protease complexes is not via the moiety of the free antithrombin III
      (AT III) or the free protease, since neither AT III nor thrombin compete on the
      binding of 125I-AT III X thrombin complexes. Only unlabeled AT III X thrombin
      complexes compete on the binding of the iodinated ligand. 125I-AT III X trypsin
      complexes bind with a KD of 1.4 X 10(-7) M to high affinity-binding sites present
      on the cell surface of corneal endothelial cells. Saturation of binding to the
      cell surface is observed at a concentration of 2.5 X 10(-7) M 125I-AT III X
      trypsin complexes and the number of binding sites per cell is about 4 X 10(4).
      The cell surface binding reaches a maximum by 15 min and then decreases with
      time. The cells, when incubated at 37 degrees C, appear to internalize the bound
      complexes by adsorptive endocytosis which proceeds at a rate of 0.5-0.8 pmole/1 X
      10(6) cells/h. The internalization process of 125I-AT III X protease complexes is
      saturated at a concentration of 2.5 X 10(-7) M. Since the cells release 125I
      labeled material into the extracellular media which cannot be precipitated by
      trichloroacetic acid (TCA), it probably represents degradation of 125I-AT III X
      protease complexes into small fragments at a linear rate of about 0.5 pmole/1 X
      10(6) cells/h. The described process of AT III X protease complexes binding,
      internalization and subsequent degradation by corneal endothelial cells may
      represent a clearing mechanism for extracellular AT III X protease complexes
      formed under pathological conditions.

PMID- 6376157
TI  - Rapid immunoassays for the acrosome reaction of sea urchin sperm utilizing
      antibody to bindin.
AB  - Two assays employing rhodamine-conjugated and peroxidase-conjugated antibindin
      are presented. The assays are used to detect the occurrence of the acrosome
      reaction in sea urchin sperm. The assays are rapid and can be performed on large
      numbers of samples. The scoring of the reacted and unreacted cells can be done
      accurately at a rate of 60 cells/min.

PMID- 6376158
TI  - Structural change of myofibrils during mitosis of newt embryonic myocardial cells
      in culture.
AB  - Newt embryonic myocardial cells can undergo mitosis in culture. The successive
      changes in the striation pattern of sarcomeres of myofibrils during mitosis were
      studied by polarization microscopy without fixing or killing the cells.
      Birefringence of well-organized striation patterns, i.e., bright A-bands and dark
      I-bands, was clearly visible in interphase cells and did not show any detectable
      changes during incubation for 3 h or more. Electron microscopy showed the
      presence of well-organized myofibrils with Z-bands in these interphase cells.
      When myocardial cells entered the mitotic stage, the birefringence of striation
      pattern of their myofibrils gradually changed with the pattern in small parts of
      the myofibrils gradually becoming indistinct (called 'indistinct striation' in
      this paper). These indistinct regions increased in size during the mitotic stage.
      In addition, in some regions of the indistinct striation, the birefringence of
      sarcomeres gradually decreased and finally disappeared (called 'disappearance of
      sarcomeres' in this paper). No myocardial cells underwent mitosis without these
      disruptive changes of the myofibril striation patterns. In the post-mitotic
      stage, the well-organized striation of the myofibrils reappeared. Electron
      microscopy showed disorganized sarcomeres without Z-bands in the regions of
      indistinct striation, and no well-organized myofibrils in the regions where the
      sarcomeres had disappeared. Thus the well-organized myofibrils with Z-bands
      became transiently disorganized at least in some parts, during mitosis. They were
      then reorganized into daughter myocardial cells.

PMID- 6376159
TI  - Hyperthermia can enhance the initiation of DNA synthesis stimulated by growth
      factors in swiss mouse 3T3 cells.
AB  - Confluent quiescent Swiss mouse 3T3 cells can be stimulated to initiate DNA
      synthesis and to divide by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and prostaglandin F2
      alpha (PGF2 alpha), two mitogens of unrelated structure. Heat treatment at 46
      degrees C for up to 20 min of confluent quiescent cells, which has no mitogenic
      effect, can enhance the stimulatory effect of suboptimal concentrations of EGF or
      PGF2 alpha on the initiation of DNA synthesis. Furthermore, insulin, which is not
      mitogenic in these cells, enhances the effect of these mitogens, but this effect
      is not further enhanced by heat treatment. Likewise the combination of EGF and
      PGF2 alpha is synergistic on DNA synthesis, and this effect is also not enhanced
      by the heat treatment. Incubation at 46 degrees C for longer than 20 min was
      inhibitory in all cases. These results suggest that heat treatment induces events
      which affect the regulation of the initiation of DNA synthesis in a manner
      depending on the duration of the heat treatment and the stimulation of the cells.

PMID- 6376160
TI  - 1984 annual meeting abstracts: thirteenth annual meeting. International Society
      for Experimental Hematology. August 12-16, 1984, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A.

PMID- 6376161
TI  - Emotions and asthma II.
AB  - Factors such as the patient's coping mechanisms and their prognostic value are
      discussed. Different psychotherapeutic methods as a complement to conservative
      treatment are reviewed, especially hypnosis. The author stresses the
      multifactorial etiology of asthma. He points out the need for controlled studies
      of psychotherapeutic methods of treatment and objective verification of their
      efficacy.

PMID- 6376162
TI  - Methodological aspects of assessment of non-specific bronchial hyperreactivity.

PMID- 6376163
TI  - [Determination of acetaldehyde in biological fluids].

PMID- 6376165
TI  - Inhibitory activity and resistance to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases of some (D,L)
      7-(alpha-fluoroacylamino)cephalosporins.
AB  - The synthesis of a series of (D,L)-7-(alpha-fluoroacylamino)-cephalosporanic
      acids are described. In vitro antimicrobial activity was determined in comparison
      with the corresponding non-fluorinated compounds. None of them were found to be
      better than clinically used cephalosporins. Resistance to and inhibition of beta
      lactamases from gram-negative organisms were also determined. All the fluorinated
      derivatives were found to be as resistant to hydrolysis by Escherichia coli R+TEM
      beta-lactamase as the corresponding non-fluorinated compounds, but resulted more
      resistant (from 2.3 to 61.2 times) to Enterobacter cloacae 214 beta-lactamase.
      Title compounds were also found to be better inhibitors of E. cloacae 53 and E.
      cloacae 214 beta-lactamases than the related non-fluorinated cephalosporins.

PMID- 6376164
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the vasodilator effect of kurantil and no-spa in
      population and twin studies].
AB  - Based on the results of acute clinical and pharmacological tests with 10 mg
      curantyl and 40 mg no-spa in 55 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and 14
      pairs of monozygote twins curantyl was discovered to make the central and
      peripheral hemodynamics return to normal during CHD. The vasodilative effects of
      curantyl and no-spa on the skeletal muscles were not basically different in the
      population groups indicated.

PMID- 6376166
TI  - Effect of seminal plasmin on rRNA synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Seminal plasmin, the highly basic, antimicrobial protein, isolated from bull
      semen, was found to inhibit the transcription of ribosomal RNA in yeast. Protein
      synthesis and processing of rRNA remained unaffected. Seminal plasmin appears to
      be useful for studies of the biosynthesis of yeast rRNA in pulse-chase
      experiments.

PMID- 6376167
TI  - Effect of hydrocortisone on the desialylation of intestinal brush-border enzymes
      of the rat during postnatal development.
AB  - Hydrocortisone acetate or hemisuccinate (75 mg/kg body mass) applied to rats i.m.
      and/or s.c. on the 9th and 10th postnatal days causes a precocious decrease of
      sialic acid content of the small intestinal brush-border membrane. On the 15th
      postnatal day the bound sialic acid of the whole membrane fraction drops to
      almost half of the values of control animals and to one third of the control
      values for the papain-solubilized membrane proteins. The hydrocortisone effect is
      manifested on isoelectric focusing zymograms by a faster increase of pI of the
      solubilized brush-border enzymes on the 12th and 15th postnatal days.

PMID- 6376168
TI  - [Soviet medicine during World War II].

PMID- 6376169
TI  - [Medicine in the Byzantine Empire].

PMID- 6376170
TI  - [Scientific activity of the A. A. Bogomolets Institute of Physiology of the
      Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR. On the 50th anniversary of its
      founding].

PMID- 6376172
TI  - [A modified method for the closure of oroantral fistulas].

PMID- 6376171
TI  - [Contractility and contractile activity of the myocardium].

PMID- 6376173
TI  - [Stomatology in classical proverbs and quotations].

PMID- 6376174
TI  - [From County Chief Dentist to Stomatology Supervisor, Chief of Dentistry].

PMID- 6376175
TI  - [Measurement of the preparation angle on the impression].

PMID- 6376176
TI  - [Testing the retention of a complete upper denture at the time of insertion].

PMID- 6376177
TI  - [Reactions of neurons of the anteromedial hypothalamus to microiontophoretic
      administration of luliberin].
AB  - The effects of microiontophoretic application of luliberin (LHRH), norepinephrine
      (NEO) and morphine on activity of the medial preoptic hypothalamic neurons were
      studied in male rabbits. About 80% of all the neurons responded to LHRH, mainly
      with facilitation. NEO appeared to have inhibitory influence on the LHRH-induced
      effects, when LHRH was applied simultaneously with NEO. Since the LHRH effect
      might be mediated via opiate receptors, it was examined against the background of
      morphine application. LHRH applied after morphine increased the number of
      unresponsive units. During simultaneous application of LHRH and morphine the
      number of unresponsive units increased by 30% and the number of facilitation
      responses decreased to 30% of the neurons under study. These findings confirm
      that the opiate receptors and noradrenergic system play a certain role in the
      central effects of LHRH.

PMID- 6376178
TI  - Management of osteomyelitis and soft-tissue infections.

PMID- 6376179
TI  - [Instruction for problem-free construction of a durable swing lock].

PMID- 6376180
TI  - [Divisible and divided bridges].

PMID- 6376181
TI  - [Changes in framework designs for light-cured veneering materials].

PMID- 6376182
TI  - [Training the dental technician. The preparation of various denture materials.
      15].

PMID- 6376183
TI  - [Telescopic shell crowns and occlusally open telescopic crowns].

PMID- 6376184
TI  - [Reduced precious metal dental alloys in the dental technical laboratory].

PMID- 6376185
TI  - [Use of stressbreakers in partial dentures].

PMID- 6376186
TI  - [Training the dental technician. Restoration of the function of partially plastic
      dentures. 17].

PMID- 6376187
TI  - [Hospital for venereal diseases in Lublin 1832 to 1982].

PMID- 6376188
TI  - Some aspects of the phylogeny of macrophage-lymphocyte immune regulation.

PMID- 6376189
TI  - Bovine T cell markers: anomalies or paradigms?

PMID- 6376190
TI  - The age-dependent size distribution of chicken peripheral blood cells analyzed by
      a novel method utilizing a Coulter counter.
AB  - In a dilute solution of Tris-buffered ammonium chloride (TAC), chicken
      erythrocytes (RBC) swell but chicken white blood cells (WBC) do not. This allowed
      us to separate the peaks of RBC and wBC into widely separate channels using a
      Coulter Counter interfaced to a microcomputer to provide size distributions.
      Analyses of buffy coat by this technique were carried out on Brown Leghorn
      chickens from 1 to 21 weeks after hatching. The WBC population, which is chiefly
      composed of peripheral blood lymphocytes, increased in number from 2 to 7 weeks
      after hatching, but decreased in size continuously up to the end of the
      experiment at 21 weeks. The RBC count increased from 2 to 5 weeks after hatching
      and the size decreased up to 5 weeks after hatching, thereafter remaining
      constant.

PMID- 6376191
TI  - Antibody-mediated immune response in the bat, Pteropus giganteus.
AB  - Among mammals, the Chiroptera (Bats) have been perhaps the least studied with
      respect to systematic accounts of immune responses. To resolve this omission in
      comparative immunology, we have begun to analyze aspects of immunity of the large
      frugivorous bat, Pteropus giganteus with respect to antibody secreting plaque
      forming cells and serum antibodies as measured by haemagglutination titres.
      Homologous complement was more effective than guinea pig or rabbit complement in
      lysing SRBC for developing plaques. Kinetic of antibody response to three
      different doses of SRBC has been studied. We observed a peak primary response and
      its decay after a single antigenic challenge which were notably delayed, and a
      same dose of antigen could produce 2-Mercaptoethanol resistant PFC and HA-tires.

PMID- 6376192
TI  - Complement receptor expression of primates and non-primates detected by the
      rosette formation technique.
AB  - The expression of complement receptors were studied on erythrocytes and platelets
      from 14 non-human primates and 3 non-primate species by rosette formation. It was
      found that the reactivity of erythrocytes with the cell bound complement is
      deeply dependent on which species are used as the complement source. The
      erythrocytes from Prosimian do not react with any kind of complement, while their
      platelets react with many kinds of complement. New World monkey erythrocytes do
      not react with indicator cells binding complements from guinea pig or man, while
      some of them react with indicators binding complements from non-human primate
      species. Contrarily Old World monkey erythrocytes react with complements from
      guinea pig, man and non-human primate. Hominoidea erythrocytes reacted with all
      the complements tested. Rabbit expresses C3 receptors on their erythrocytes for
      rabbit C3 and on their platelets for rabbit, guinea pig or mouse C3. Guinea pig
      expresses receptors on their erythrocytes for guinea pig and mouse C3, and on
      their platelets for guinea pig, mouse, rabbit and human C3. It becomes clear that
      not all of erythrocytes from primate and platelets from non-primate always
      express complement receptors as has been stated in the text books.

PMID- 6376193
TI  - Group B streptococcus amnionitis with intact membranes associated with quintuplet
      delivery.
AB  - Chorioamnionitis is a frequent cause of premature labour and delivery, as well as
      of maternal and neonatal mortality. Group B streptococcus (GBS) has emerged over
      the past decade as a common pathogen in the etiology of neonatal sepsis. The case
      of chorioamnionitis reported here is unusual for three reasons: the premature
      labour was associated with intact membrane and amniotic fluid infected with GBS;
      all 5 infants were contaminated with GBS and all infants survived.
      Chorioamniotitis with intact membranes raises some questions regarding the
      antepartum use of steroids (potent anti-inflammatory agents), etc. The likelihood
      of chorioamnionitis in spite of cervical mucus, intact membranes, and the
      bacteriostatic activity of the amniotic fluid should alert the obstetrician to
      take special precautions, such as weekly vaginal cultures and appropriate vaginal
      antimicrobial treatment, in cases of imminent premature delivery.

PMID- 6376194
TI  - A prospective, randomized, national trial for treatment of ovarian cancer: the
      role of chemotherapy and external irradiation.
AB  - A prospective, randomized, national trial for comparing the effects of cytotoxic
      agents and radiotherapy on survival in primary epithelial ovarian cancer stages I
      IV was carried out in 363 patients. After laparotomy, the patients were staged
      according to disease spread and randomized into treatment groups within each
      stage. The single or combined cytotoxic agents used were: cyclophosphamide (C)
      and vincristine (V); 5-fluorouracil (F) and dactinomycin (D) and V; treosulfan
      (T); and CF. In stages I, II and III there was one treatment group receiving
      external irradiation; in stage IV only different cytostatics were used. It was
      found that, in stage I, surgery alone was superior to surgery +CV or surgery +
      irradiation. In stage II disease, no differences in survival between treatment
      groups receiving pelvic irradiation or FDV, and in stage III between whole
      abdomen + pelvic irradiation or CV or FDV were found. In stage IV, FDV, T and CF
      were of similar, poor efficacy. The authors conclude that in stage I pelvic
      irradiation or combined chemotherapy do not improve survival. In advanced
      disease, chemotherapy may be better tolerated and thus preferable to whole
      abdomen irradiation; the combination of more modern cancer drugs with the ones
      used in this study is probably likely to improve the treatment results.

PMID- 6376195
TI  - Frequency-varied versus unvaried pulsatile LH-RH substitution in hypothalamic
      amenorrhea.
AB  - In 26 patients with hypothalamic amenorrhea cyclic ovarian function was
      reestablished by pulsatile LH-RH substitution. Two LH-RH regimens were tested. In
      group A (n = 13) LH-RH pulses (12 micrograms i.v.) were administered by means of
      a portable mini-pump (Auto-Syringe) at the unvaried frequency of one pulse every
      96 min throughout the follicular phase. In group B (n = 13) LH-RH pulse intervals
      of 4 h (for 2 consecutive days), 3 h (for 1 day) and 96 min (for the rest of the
      follicular phase) were selected for initiation of follicle growth. After
      ovulation pump-assisted pulsatile LH-RH substitution was either maintained at the
      96-min rhythm or replaced by LH-RH nasal-spray (200 micrograms/sniff) applied
      once every 4 h until the onset of menstruation or detection of pregnancy. While
      in group A patients changes in the pattern of luteal LH-RH support (pump-assisted
      versus nasal-spray assisted) resulted in rapid luteolysis, such effects did not
      occur in group B patients. It is suggested that LH-RH pulse frequency at the
      initial stage of follicular development is of importance for the quality of
      follicular development and thus luteal function. Both LH-RH regimens resulted in
      pregnancies (six times singletons and once twins). In the meantime, all children
      have been born and are healthy.

PMID- 6376196
TI  - Chorion villi sampling (CVS) for prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders: first
      results and future research.
AB  - Chorion villi sampling (CVS) in the first trimester of pregnancy has become
      available recently as an alternative method to second trimester amniocentesis for
      prenatal diagnosis of genetic defects. Currently there are six different tissue
      sampling techniques being investigated in different centers around the world, but
      there are very few trials in ongoing pregnancies. From chorionic villi material
      cytogenetic and biochemical studies as well as DNA analyses can be performed.
      Different methods of chromosome analysis are being investigated at the University
      of California San Francisco and elsewhere to determine the most efficient and
      reliable techniques. Larger studies will be needed to establish the efficacy and
      the safety of the chorionic villi sampling procedure for the mother and the
      developing fetus. Although CVS is preferable to amniocentesis for psychological
      and medical reasons (earlier elective termination of a fetus with a genetic
      disorder), many questions remain to be answered in carefully controlled studies.

PMID- 6376197
TI  - Immediate postabortion insertion of an IUD.
AB  - Conception may occur as early as 10 days postabortion. Therefore, immediate
      postabortum insertion (IPI) of an IUD reduces the danger of exposure to an
      unwanted pregnancy in the interval and offers better protection against repeat
      abortion than delayed insertion. Patient motivation to use contraception appears
      to be highest at the time of termination of an unwanted pregnancy. Complication
      and pregnancy rates of IPI are comparable with postmenstrual insertion. No
      serious complications are on record in the world literature; particularly, no
      cases of infection or perforation have been reported. These facts make IPI not
      only an acceptable but a highly advisable technique of family planning. In 1977,
      the American Food and Drug Administration rescinded its earlier prohibition and
      approved the IPI method. Nulliparous women should be inserted with a copper
      device, parous women with a Lippes loop.

PMID- 6376198
TI  - Cornual resection as prophylaxis against interstitial pregnancy: is it necessary
      or dangerous? A review of the literature.

PMID- 6376199
TI  - Prevention of habitual abortion and prematurity by early total occlusion of the
      external os uteri.
AB  - Repeated late abortions and high-risk, low-chance premature births are among the
      problems of obstetrics and perinatal medicine still to be solved. It seems that a
      solution is on its way, through the early total cervix occlusion (ETCO) performed
      by us - a solution for at least some of these highly problematic cases. The
      special advantage of this measure is considered to be the avoidance of an
      infection ascending to the cervix and to the lower egg-pole resulting in abortion
      or premature birth. Early total occlusion of the os uteri has been performed on
      28 women; 22 have since been delivered of healthy infants. Whereas previously
      from these 28 patients with a total of 99 wanted pregnancies only 14 infants
      (14%) survived, the rate of success after the introduction of ETCO lies at about
      80% (22 out of 28). From this a high success rate can be expected in the future
      in these difficult cases.

PMID- 6376200
TI  - Homeostasis of fetal lactate metabolism in late pregnancy and the changes during
      labor and delivery.
AB  - Electrochemical enzymatic measurements of whole blood lactate concentrations were
      performed in 110 deliveries. In the majority of uncomplicated vaginal deliveries
      and of elective cesarean sections cord blood levels were higher than maternal
      concentrations and, as indicated by a positive arterio-venous difference for the
      cord vessels, lactate is originating in the fetus. In cases with clinical signs
      of fetal distress production of lactate due to anaerobic glycolysis is markedly
      increased. Differently from some other studies with uncomplicated vaginal
      deliveries, maternal lactate concentrations remained below fetal levels in almost
      80%, which is explained by a conservative management of the second stage of labor
      with active pushing being restricted to the final phase of expulsion. The
      question whether also in late pregnancy the undisturbed human fetus in utero
      produces lactate or makes use of placental lactate as a substrate for its
      oxidative metabolism - as has been shown for some animal species - cannot be
      answered from the presently available evidence.

PMID- 6376201
TI  - Beta-endorphin in pregnancy.
AB  - Concentrations of maternal plasma beta-endorphin (beta-EP) as measured by
      radioimmunoassay decline during pregnancy, reaching a nadir during the second
      trimester, rise during labor, remain elevated during the early postpartum period
      and are increased prior to elective cesarean section in the absence of labor.
      They decline in response to epidural anesthesia during labor and increase during
      induction of general but not regional anesthesia for cesarean section. Umbilical
      venous plasma beta-EP levels are not affected by the route or mode of delivery
      nor the presence or absence of labor, but rise in conjunction with fetal
      distress. In the presence of fetal distress, umbilical arterial plasma beta-EP
      levels appear to rise faster than umbilical venous beta-EP concentrations.
      Amniotic fluid beta-EP levels are higher during the second than third trimester.
      These data indicate that peripheral plasma beta-EP concentrations reflect stress
      in both mother and fetus. In the mother, pregnancy itself does not appear to be
      stressful, whereas pain associated with labor rather than uterine contractions as
      such increase plasma beta-EP levels. In the fetus, hypoxia and acidosis
      effectively raise plasma beta-EP concentrations. The origin and physiologic
      significance of amniotic fluid beta-EP, which appears to be unrelated to fetal
      maturity, remain to be established.

PMID- 6376203
TI  - X-chromosome-coded antigens in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 6376202
TI  - Recent aspects of hemostasis, hematology and hemorheology in preeclampsia
      eclampsia.
AB  - Because intravascular fibrin deposition is found in the glomerular capillaries of
      patients who have died of eclampsia, it was long assumed that a chronic form of
      intravascular clotting represents the decisive cause of the condition. Fibrin
      deposition is also typically observed in the uteroplacental bloodstream. The
      occurrence of high levels of soluble fibrin and fibrin(ogen) degradation
      products, which in severe cases can also include fibrin oligomers, in combination
      with thrombocytopenia and factor VIII consumption were interpreted as additional
      evidence for the significance of intravascular clotting in the pathogenesis of
      EPH gestosis. The hemolysis of the microangiopathologic type, which occurs in
      severe cases, was attributed to the resulting impairment in microcirculation.
      Doubts regarding this theory arose when it was noted that the course of EPH
      gestosis is not altered by the use of heparin, and that even in severe cases of
      eclampsia with hemolysis and thrombocytopenia the plasmatic clotting system is
      involved only to a small extent and probably only secondarily. More recent
      investigations have yielded the first evidence of reduced prostacyclin synthesis
      in maternal and fetal vessels in patients with EPH gestosis. Since prostacyclins
      lower arterial resistance yet at the same time are strong inhibitors of
      thrombocyte aggregation, this prostacyclin deficiency could account for the
      hypertension and the occurrence of platelet thrombi in the placental bloodstream
      associated with EPH gestosis. The observation of a reduction in the number of
      thrombocytes as a consequence of increased platelet breakdown, which precedes a
      rise in the level of fibrin(ogen) degradation products, also points to the
      significance of an abnormal interrelation between platelets and endothelium. In
      addition to the plasmatic and thrombocytic hypercoagulability and impaired
      prostacyclin synthesis, hemoconcentration with increased microvascular
      permeability is also observed. Early detection of disturbances of the vessel wall
      and vessel contents may provide a means of prophylaxis.

PMID- 6376204
TI  - Transport and processing of the precursors of mitochondrial carbamoyl phosphate
      synthetase I and ornithine transcarbamoylase.

PMID- 6376205
TI  - Transport of mature proteins into isolated mitochondria: a model system to
      investigate mitochondrial biogenesis.

PMID- 6376206
TI  - A variant of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein produced by transformed (BHK 21/C13)
      cells: implications in the biosynthesis of carbohydrate moieties.

PMID- 6376207
TI  - The efficacy of a potassium-sparing combination of chlorthalidone and triamterene
      in the control of mild and moderate hypertension. I.
AB  - Chlorthalidone 25 mg/triamterene 50 mg in once-daily oral doses was as effective
      in reducing blood pressure as chlorthalidone 25 mg alone. The decrease in serum
      potassium was statistically significantly less with the combination than for
      chlorthalidone. There were no notable differences between the treatments in any
      other measure of laboratory safety or adverse reactions.

PMID- 6376208
TI  - The efficacy of a potassium-sparing combination of chlorthalidone and triamterene
      in the control of mild and moderate hypertension. II.
AB  - Chlorthalidone 50 mg/triamterene 50 mg in once-daily oral doses was as effective
      in reducing blood pressure as chlorthalidone 50 mg alone. The decrease in serum
      potassium was statistically significantly less with the combination than for
      chlorthalidone. There were no notable differences between the treatments in any
      other measure of laboratory safety or adverse reaction.

PMID- 6376209
TI  - Chlorthalidone-triamterene: a potassium-sparing diuretic combination for the
      treatment of oedema.
AB  - The efficacy of a once-daily combination of chlorthalidone 50 mg plus triamterene
      50 mg or chlorthalidone 100 mg plus triamterene 100 mg was compared to that of
      chlorthalidone 50 mg or 100 mg. This double-blind study was carried out in eighty
      eight patients over a treatment period of 12 weeks. All patients entered the
      active medication period of 12 weeks after a placebo run-in period of 3 to 7
      days, during which pretibial or malleolar pitting oedema averaging 2 to 4 mm
      developed. All patients started at the lower doses, i.e. forty-one started on
      chlorthalidone 50 mg plus triamterene 50 mg and forty-seven started on
      chlorthalidone 50 mg. The protocol provided for doubling the dose (but not for
      reducing it thereafter) at any time during the 12-week period when control of
      oedema was deemed inadequate. Eight of the combination therapy patients and
      sixteen of those on chlorthalidone required the higher doses. By Week 12, 96% of
      the chlorthalidone plus triamterene patients and 100% of the chlorthalidone
      patients had shown a reduction of at least 2 mm in depth of pits, and 92% and
      72%, respectively, had complete disappearance of oedema. The decreases in pitting
      oedema were paralleled by mean weight losses of 2.4 kg and 3.1 kg, respectively,
      for the combination treatment group and the chlorthalidone group. Average serum
      potassium levels throughout the 12-week treatment period were 3.70 mEq/L for the
      patients taking the combination compared to 3.41 mEq/L of those taking
      chlorthalidone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6376210
TI  - Efficacy and tolerability of oral acetylcysteine (Fabrol) in chronic bronchitis:
      a double-blind placebo controlled study.
AB  - This multicentre, double-blind, placebo controlled, between-patient study in
      general practice in the United Kingdom examined the effect of oral N
      acetylcysteine (Fabrol) on the symptomatology of patients with chronic bronchitis
      over a 3-month period. Although improvement in subjective symptoms (sputum
      viscosity and character, difficulty in expectoration and cough severity) occurred
      in both treatment groups over the trial period, improvements in difficulty in
      expectoration and cough severity were greater in patients receiving N
      acetylcysteine compared to matching placebo. Trial medication was well tolerated,
      with a greater number of side-effects attributed to therapy occurring in patients
      receiving placebo.

PMID- 6376211
TI  - In-vitro comparative study of Lidaprim and co-trimoxazole.

PMID- 6376212
TI  - An analysis of the fate of the chick wing bud apical ectodermal ridge in culture.
AB  - Stages 20 and 25 chick apical ectodermal ridge have been cultured in nutrient
      medium containing fetal bovine serum and the tissues have been examined for dying
      cells at 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hr. By 12 hr, an average of 43% of the cells were
      dying. By 24 hr, stage 20 ridge had lost its integrity and stage 25 ridge
      contained an average of 50% dying cells. These results are in agreement with the
      observations of R. L. Searls and E. Zwilling (1964, Dev. Biol. 9, 38-55) on
      isolated stage 20 ridge. In subsequent experiments, ridge ectoderm was cultured
      in serum-containing medium to which insulin (5 micrograms/ml), transferrin (5
      micrograms/ml), and selenium (5 ng/ml) or insulin (5 micrograms/ml) had been
      added. Under these conditions the ectoderms remained viable even after 24 hr in
      vitro.

PMID- 6376214
TI  - Fifth general meeting of European Society of Animal Cell Technology. Copenhagen,
      Denmark, 14-17 Sept. 1982.

PMID- 6376213
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to the major protein of the murine zona pellucida: effects
      on fertilization and early development.
AB  - The growing murine oocyte is surrounded by an extracellular zona pellucida
      consisting of three sulfated glycoproteins, ZP-1, ZP-2, and ZP-3. The smallest of
      these, ZP-3, has been reported to be the species-specific sperm receptor.
      Monoclonal antibodies have been recently characterized to three different
      antigenic determinants, two found exclusively on ZP-2, and one found on both ZP-2
      and ZP-3. The in vivo effect of these antibodies on the three known functions of
      the zona pellucida were examined. The most dramatic effect was the prevention of
      fertilization. After administration, the monoclonal antibodies were located in
      the ovary on the zona pellucida of growing oocytes. Eggs ovulated subsequently
      were coated with the monoclonal antibodies and failed to develop into 2-cell
      embryos after mating. Eighty days later, the monoclonal antibodies could no
      longer be detected on the zona of ovarian oocytes, and this loss coincided with
      the resumption of fertility. These findings provide molecular evidence for the
      hypothesis that the immunological block to sperm-egg binding need not involve
      antibody specific for the sperm receptor, and that antibodies to the zona
      pellucida block sperm access by steric hinderance. Other known functions of the
      zona were unaffected. The antibodies were unable to induce the biochemical
      changes in the zona associated with the postfertilization block to polyspermy and
      had no detectable effect on preimplantation development.

PMID- 6376215
TI  - Culture conditions for selective and enhanced release of various murine
      lymphokines (CSF, IL-2, MCF, MIF and TRF).
AB  - The production of the lymphokines colony stimulating factor (CSF), interleukin-2
      (IL-2), macrophage cytotoxicity factor (MCF), macrophage migration inhibitory
      factor (MIF) and T cell replacing factor (TRF) was optimized from mouse spleen
      cell cultures stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A). The cultivation was
      performed in bioreactors which allow regulation of dissolved oxygen
      concentration. The oxygen supply influenced the yields of individual lymphokines
      in different ways. High oxygen concentration was beneficial for high release of
      IL-2 and MCF, whereas MIF and TRF were better produced at low oxygen
      concentrations. CSF release did not depend on oxygen supply. Upon stimulation
      with Con A, lymphokine activities in the culture supernatant reached an optimum
      or plateau after 24 h Lymphocytes continued with lymphokine release, when they
      were restimulated for further 24 h. in fresh medium and mitogen. CSF could be
      induced for at least 4 times. MCF was released during the first 3 inductions,
      whereas IL-2 and TRF were only produced during the first and second induction.
      These findings led to specific culture conditions for selective and enhanced
      production of individual lymphokines.

PMID- 6376216
TI  - Effects of alloxan-induced diabetes on corpus luteum function in the
      pseudopregnant rat.
AB  - The effects of alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus on rat ovarian structure and
      function were examined throughout pseudopregnancy (PSP). Animals received either
      saline (C) or alloxan (40 mg/kg) treatment on the day of proestrus (PA) preceding
      PSP or on day 1 (D-1A) of PSP (day 0 = ovulation). Serum samples were analyzed by
      radioimmunoassay for progesterone (P) and 17-beta-estradiol (E) levels and
      compared with the corresponding changes in ovarian and uterine weights in C, PA,
      and D-1A rats. In addition, the effects of daily treatment with 6 IU ovine
      insulin (AI) on serum P levels were assessed in D-1A-treated rats and compared
      with controls. Alloxan treatment effectively elevated blood glucose levels (P
      less than or equal to 0.01) in PA and D-1A groups as compared with controls or AI
      rats. Alloxan treatment reduced both ovarian and uterine weights of PA and D-1A
      groups as compared with C and AI rats. Serum P levels were significantly reduced
      in PA (P less than or equal to 0.01) and D-1A (P less than or equal to 0.05-0.01)
      rats as compared with control rats throughout PSP. Daily insulin treatment
      reversed the suppressive effects of D-1A treatment on serum P levels, but did not
      restore luteal function to control levels. Neither C nor D-1A groups exhibited
      any marked differences in serum E levels throughout PSP. The results of these
      studies indicate that the administration of alloxan before the onset of PSP
      effectively inhibits luteal function, whereas D-1A treatment induces early
      luteolysis as compared with controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6376217
TI  - Behavioral manipulation of the diabetic phenotype in ob/ob mice.
AB  - The genetically obese mouse (C57BL/6J ob/ob) is a commonly used model of non
      insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. However, our studies demonstrate that, while
      the animal is significantly hyperinsulinemic, it in fact does not show consistent
      hyperglycemia in the resting state. During stress, both obese animals and their
      lean littermates become hyperglycemic, but the magnitude of the hyperglycemia is
      exaggerated in the obese mice. Obese animals also show an exaggerated plasma
      glucose increase in response to epinephrine injection. This increase in plasma
      glucose is accompanied by a decrease in plasma insulin in response to both stress
      and epinephrine. Our findings suggest that environmental stimuli influence the
      expression of diabetes in the C57BL/6J obese mouse and therefore must be
      considered in studies of this animal model of diabetes.

PMID- 6376218
TI  - A comparison of the relative effects of obesity and non-insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus on in vivo insulin-stimulated glucose utilization.
AB  - Insulin clamp studies were carried out in 50 individuals, 25 with normal glucose
      tolerance and 25 with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Both
      diagnostic groups were further subdivided on the basis of body mass index (BMI)
      into an obese (BMI greater than 28 kg/m2) or nonobese group (BMI less than 28
      kg/m2). The obese and nonobese subjects in each diagnostic category had similar
      plasma glucose levels in response to an oral glucose challenge. In addition,
      insulin-stimulated glucose utilization, as assessed by determination of glucose
      metabolic clearance rate (MCR), was not different as a function of obesity.
      Glucose MCR (mean +/- SEM) in obese subjects (mean BMI = 32.1) with normal
      glucose tolerance was 162 ml/min/m2, as compared with a value of 205 ml/min/m2 in
      nonobese individuals (mean BMI = 23.8). This difference was not statistically
      significant. Similarly, glucose MCR in obese patients (mean BMI = 34.7) with
      NIDDM was 55 ml/min/m2, as compared with a value of 80 ml/min/m2 in nonobese
      subjects (mean BMI = 24.9) with NIDDM. However, as can be seen from the above
      data, glucose MCR in patients with NIDDM, either nonobese or obese, was markedly
      reduced (P less than 0.001) when compared with that of normal subjects. These
      data emphasize the profound effect of NIDDM on reducing in vivo insulin action,
      and point out that the impact of obesity on insulin resistance is minor in
      comparison.

PMID- 6376219
TI  - Insulin therapy in obese, non-insulin-dependent diabetes induces improvements in
      insulin action and secretion that are maintained for two weeks after insulin
      withdrawal.
AB  - The effects of rigorous insulin treatment on insulin action (insulin clamp) and
      secretion (plasma insulin response to glucose) were studied in 13 obese patients
      with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Improvements were
      documented in fasting (P less than 0.0001) and postprandial (P less than 0.0001)
      plasma glucose concentrations, insulin secretion after oral glucose (P less than
      0.001), and insulin action (P less than 0.005) after 30 days of therapy. Mean
      integrated plasma insulin response to glucose increased 2.5-fold after insulin
      therapy, but this improvement varied considerably from patient to patient.
      Insulin action also increased with insulin treatment and the resulting values
      were no longer significantly different from a weight- and age-matched group of
      subjects with normal glucose tolerance. However, there was considerable patient
      to-patient variation in the degree to which insulin action was enhanced. The
      insulin-induced improvements in glucose tolerance persisted for at least 2 wk
      after insulin withdrawal, and were associated with continued increased insulin
      secretion and insulin action. In conclusion, control of hyperglycemia for 1 mo
      led to improvements in both insulin secretion and action in a series of obese
      patients with NIDDM that persisted for at least 2 wk after cessation of therapy.

PMID- 6376220
TI  - Insulin-stimulated glucose disposal increases with time in patients with non
      insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The relative effects of time versus ambient glucose concentration on insulin
      stimulated glucose uptake was estimated by performing 5-h insulin clamp studies
      in patients with NIDDM. Each experimental subject was studied three times, at
      steady-state plasma insulin levels approximately 2000 microU/ml, but at different
      steady-state plasma glucose concentrations (studies A, B, and C). Study A
      consisted of a 5-h clamp, with plasma glucose level maintained at the basal level
      of fasting hyperglycemia; study B differed in that the basal level of fasting
      hyperglycemia was reduced during the first hour to approximately 80 mg/dl, and
      maintained there for the next 4 h; and study C was carried out by clamping the
      patient at the basal glucose level for 2 h, lowering the glucose concentration to
      approximately 80 mg/dl during the third hour, and then clamping at this level for
      the last 2 h. The glucose metabolic clearance rate (MCR) was calculated from 60
      to 120 min and from 240 to 300 min during each study, and the results indicated
      that values for glucose MCR were time dependent, being significantly greater (20
      60%) in the fifth than in the second hour in two (studies A and B) of the three
      studies. In contrast, glucose MCR was independent of plasma glucose
      concentration, and relatively constant in each subject, as long as it was
      measured during the same time period. The time-dependent increase in glucose MCR
      was associated with an approximate 30% increase in steady-state plasma insulin
      concentrations when comparing the second and fifth hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6376221
TI  - Chronic hyperinsulinemia in the fetal rhesus monkey. Effects of physiologic
      hyperinsulinemia on fetal growth and composition.
AB  - One of the hallmarks of the hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemic infant of the diabetic
      mother (IDM) is macrosomia and selective organomegaly. Primary hyperinsulinemia,
      with insulin levels similar to those observed in human IDMs at delivery, was
      produced in the fetal rhesus monkey during the last third of gestation. The
      effects of this physiologically relevant hyperinsulinemia, in the absence of
      hyperglycemia, on fetal growth were studied. Fetal macrosomia, with a 23%
      increase in total body weight, was observed in physiologically hyperinsulinemic
      fetuses. A similar 27% increase in weight was produced by fetal insulin levels
      that were 10 times higher. A logarithmic correlation was observed between fetal
      birth weight ratio and fetal plasma insulin concentration. In contrast to this
      increase in weight, skeletal growth, as measured by crown-heel length and head
      circumference, was not affected by hyperinsulinemia. Only cardiomegaly was found
      in the low-dose hyperinsulinemic fetuses, whereas cardiomegaly, hepatomegaly, and
      splenomegaly were produced by hyperinsulinemia in which insulin levels were in
      the highest range. Compositional analysis of heart and skeletal muscle indicated
      no differences in the protein, RNA and DNA concentration, or in the protein-to
      DNA ratio in hyperinsulinemic fetuses. We interpret these data as indicating that
      fetal insulin plays the predominant role in controlling the normal, as well as
      the augmented, fetal weight characteristic of the human infant of the diabetic
      mother.

PMID- 6376222
TI  - Adsorption isotherms of insulin onto various materials.
AB  - Insulin adsorption isotherms on various materials have been measured to begin to
      clarify the role of material surface energy in insulin aggregation. Using 125I
      insulin and direct gamma-counting of the exposed material, more insulin (per unit
      area) was adsorbed to hydrophobic materials (Teflon, Silastic) than to the
      hydrophilic ones (polyacrylamide, glass) from insulin solutions ranging from 0.1
      to 100 U/ml. For example, after 30 min at room temperature, Teflon disks adsorbed
      4.0 X 10(4) microU/cm2 and glass beads adsorbed 3.0 X 10(3) microU/cm2 from a
      phosphate-buffered, 100-U/ml solution (pH 7.4). The Teflon value exceeded, by a
      factor of six, an estimated plateau surface concentration based on the molecule
      area (750 A2), suggesting the occurrence of multilayer adsorption. Changing the
      buffer to acetate and lowering the pH to 3.5 resulted in an increased surface
      concentration, while the addition of glutamic or aspartic acid at pH 3.5 reduced
      the surface concentration to be comparable with that observed on glass and less
      than that observed on Teflon from phosphate buffer. Increasing the temperature to
      37 degrees C resulted in a small decrease in adsorption, consistent with the
      exothermic adsorption of other proteins on similar materials. However, the
      significance of the adsorbed molecules in nucleating aggregate formation relative
      to other contributing factors remains to be assessed.

PMID- 6376223
TI  - Activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by porcine and biosynthetic human
      insulin in cultured human fibroblasts.
AB  - Cultured human fibroblasts represent an appropriate model for studying both
      insulin receptor interaction and hormone responsiveness. We have investigated the
      properties of the pyruvate dehydrogenase multi-enzyme complex (PDC) and have
      studied the effects of various concentrations of porcine and biosynthetic human
      insulin (BHI) on the activity of the enzyme. Under optimal conditions of the
      assay, both BHI and porcine insulin activated PDC in a dose-dependent fashion in
      which full activation of the enzyme was achieved with 10(-8) M insulin. The half
      maximal concentration for porcine and human insulin was similar, occurring at the
      level of 5 X 10(-9) M for activation of the PDC of human fibroblasts. We conclude
      that the PDC of cultured human fibroblasts is activated by both human and porcine
      insulin at a comparable physiologic concentration. Human fibroblasts may
      therefore serve as a useful model to study insulin action in isolated human
      tissue.

PMID- 6376224
TI  - The patterns of proteinuria in diabetes mellitus. Relevance to pathogenesis and
      prevention of diabetic nephropathy.

PMID- 6376225
TI  - Lilly lecture 1983. Abnormal products of the human insulin gene.
AB  - Heritable abnormalities in the insulin gene have often been considered in terms
      of their potential for contributing to diabetes. It is only within the last 5 yr,
      however, that evidence has demonstrated the existence of insulin gene mutations
      in man and the secretion of abnormal human insulins in affected individuals. HPLC
      analysis of insulin purified from serum by immuno-affinity chromatography and
      detection of insulin by radioimmunoassay have documented abnormal insulins in
      subjects from three separate families. HPLC analysis of these natural insulins
      and of semisynthetic insulin analogues have identified the accompanying amino
      acid substitutions in two of these cases: in one, leucine replaces phenylalanine
      B25; in the other, serine replaces phenylalanine B24. Both substitutions occur in
      an invariant tetrapeptide sequence within the active site of the hormone. Studies
      of the biologic activities of these analogues further suggest that replacements
      at position B25 result in the loss of an important side chain contact between the
      hormone and its receptor, whereas those at position B24 result in conformational
      changes in the insulin molecule as a whole. Two additional individuals have been
      identified to secrete abnormal intermediates of proinsulin conversion in which
      the C-peptide remains attached to the insulin A-chain and in which Arg65 has been
      replaced by a nonbasic amino acid. This result emphasizes the importance of
      dibasic amino acid pairs at prohormone conversion sites and provides clues about
      the evolution of hormone precursors. Thus, studies of the products of abnormal
      human insulin genes have provided insights into subjects as varied as insulin
      biosynthesis, structure-activity relationships in insulin recognition by
      receptors, and the physiology of insulin action.

PMID- 6376226
TI  - Resection arthroplasty of the hip in paralytic dislocations.
AB  - The chronically dislocated paralytic hip causes postural difficulties, nursing
      and hygiene problems, and pain. Therapeutic options are limited. This study
      reviews the results of resection arthroplasty on 18 hips of 15 such patients.
      This procedure has many complications, including hip ankylosis, heterotopic
      ossification, abduction contracture and bony overgrowth. Despite this, all of the
      nursing goals were achieved and most patients had relief of pain. The operation
      is most successful in the skeletally mature patients, and it relies on soft
      tissue interposition between the bony fragments and postoperative positioning to
      ensure optimum posture.

PMID- 6376227
TI  - Effect of extragastric vagotomy on pancreatic polypeptide in dogs.
AB  - The direct vagal innervation of the pancreas in dogs was interrupted by
      extragastric vagotomy (EGV). The response of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) to a
      protein meal and to hypoglycemia was compared preoperatively, after EGV and after
      truncal vagotomy (TV). EGV had no detectable effect on PP secretion under basal
      or stimulated conditions. After TV, the PP response to a protein meal was reduced
      and totally abolished in response to insulin hypoglycemia when compared to
      preoperative results. This indicates that direct innervation of the pancreas is
      of little importance for the release of PP but that vagal innervation of the
      stomach is important provided that the vagal fibers to PP cells all pass through
      these extragastric vagal branches.

PMID- 6376228
TI  - Pyridoxine binding to normal and diabetic liver plasma membrane.
AB  - Pyridoxine binding to liver plasma membrane isolated from livers of normal and
      streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was investigated. The effect of increasing
      concentration of pyridoxine on its binding to the membranes revealed a
      concentration-dependent and saturable process with a significant decrease in the
      high affinity receptor sites of the diabetic membrane. Moreover, the incubation
      of the membranes with procaine, colchicine and vincristine increased
      significantly pyridoxine binding to normal and diabetic membrane. Treatment of
      the normal and diabetic membranes with insulin did not affect pyridoxine binding.
      It could be suggested that streptozotocin-induced diabetes caused an alteration
      in the pyridoxine binding capacity of the liver plasma membrane which might be
      due to certain structural changes in the membrane.

PMID- 6376229
TI  - Cigarette smoking and duodenal ulcer healing. An endoscopic study of 197
      patients.
AB  - Cigarette smoking is suspected to aggravate the symptoms and to delay the healing
      of gastroduodenal peptic ulceration. The healing rate of duodenal ulcer was
      endoscopically studied in 82 heavy smokers and compared to that of a nonsmoking
      control group of 92 patients. The two groups received the antiulcer treatment in
      a double-blind fashion with one of the following regimens: cimetidine 1 g,
      trimipramine 50 mg, prostaglandin E1 analogue 800 or 200 micrograms, low-dose
      antacid or placebo. The smokers' overall healing rate was 45.1% compared to 51.1%
      in the nonsmokers. The difference between the two groups was not statistically
      significant. This finding is not in agreement with previous reports showing an
      adverse effect of smoking on the healing process of duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 6376231
TI  - Physical and psychological health of children of Type 1 (insulin-dependent)
      diabetic mothers.
AB  - No difference was found at paediatric assessment, or by a psychologically-based
      maternal and teacher questionnaire of the emotional state or academic
      achievement, between 123 children of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic mothers
      and 124 children of non-diabetic mothers. The groups were closely matched for
      maternal age, sex and position in sibship of the child, and age and home
      environment of the mother. The children of diabetic mothers had all been
      delivered before week 38 of gestation.

PMID- 6376230
TI  - Beta-cell damage in diabetic insulitis: are we approaching a solution?

PMID- 6376232
TI  - Insulin resistance in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes: dependence on plasma
      insulin concentration.
AB  - Sensitivity to insulin in vivo was studied in six Type 1 diabetic patients
      without residual insulin secretion and without clinical insulin resistance, and
      in eight non-diabetic subjects, using the euglycaemic insulin clamp technique.
      Insulin was infused for four periods of 2 h sequentially at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0
      mU X kg-1 X min-1; for each insulin infusion period the steady-state plasma free
      insulin levels were comparable in the diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. The
      mean +/- SEM plasma glucose concentration was 4.9 +/- 0.03 mmol/l in the diabetic
      subjects (coefficient of variation of plasma glucose values: 5.7 +/- 0.7%) and
      4.6 +/- 0.01 mmol/l in the control subjects (coefficient of variation: 5.1 +/-
      0.6%). Insulin-mediated glucose disposal was lower in the diabetic than in the
      non-diabetic subjects at the two lower insulin infusion rates (mean +/- SEM =
      2.03 +/- 0.27 versus 4.8 +/- 0.64 mg X kg-1 X min-1 at the first insulin infusion
      rate, p less than 0.01, and 5.59 +/- 0.59 versus 8.36 +/- 0.61 mg X kg-1 X min-1
      at the second insulin infusion rate, p less than 0.01). However, insulin-induced
      glucose uptake did not differ significantly between the two groups at the third
      and fourth rates of insulin infusion. These results show that impaired insulin
      sensitivity in Type 1 diabetes is dependent on insulin concentration.

PMID- 6376233
TI  - Study of porcine and human isophane (NPH) insulins in normal subjects.
AB  - The plasma glucose, C-peptide and insulin responses to subcutaneously
      administered highly purified porcine, 'semi-synthetic' and 'biosynthetic' human
      isophane (NPH) insulin and diluting medium as control in normal male subjects
      were evaluated. Porcine and semi-synthetic human NPH insulins were administered
      at two dose levels of 0.15 and 0.30 U/kg body weight and biosynthetic human NPH
      at 0.15 U/kg body weight only. At the low dose level the three insulin
      preparations resulted in a similar maximal hypoglycaemic effect within 3-5 h
      after administration. However, over the remainder of the 11 h post-injection
      period, the plasma glucose level was lower after semi-synthetic human insulin. In
      contrast, at the 0.30 U/kg dose level, there was no difference in the early or
      late hypoglycaemic response between porcine and semi-synthetic human NPH insulins
      of equivalent pharmaceutical formulation. The clinical relevance of these
      findings needs further evaluation. The data suggest that for the 'intermediate
      acting' NPH insulin preparations, both the species of insulin, nature and
      quantity of the retarding protein and their subsequent interaction may determine
      their time-action characteristics.

PMID- 6376235
TI  - The effect of a new specific alpha-amylase inhibitor on post-prandial glucose and
      insulin excursions in normal subjects and Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic
      patients.
AB  - Trestatin (Ro 9-0154), a new specific alpha-amylase inhibitor of microbial
      origin, was tested in six normal subjects and seven Type 2 (non-insulin
      dependent) diabetic patients. In normal subjects the maximal increases in blood
      glucose following a 115-g starch meal were 2.19 +/- 0.57 mmol/l (mean +/- SEM)
      with placebo, but 1.32 +/- 0.39 mmol/l with 10 mg, 1.06 +/- 0.26 mmol/l with 20
      mg, 0.43 +/- 0.07 mmol/l with 50 mg (p less than 0.05) and 0.26 +/- 0.14 mmol/l
      with 100 mg (p less than 0.05) Trestatin . The corresponding increases in plasma
      insulin were 116.5 +/- 19.6 mU/l; 74.8 +/- 17.5 mU/l; 50.7 +/- 8.3 mU/l; 28.7 +/-
      6.9 mU/l (p less than 0.05) and 16.5 +/- 3.2 mU/l (p less than 0.05). In the
      diabetic patients the maximal increases in blood glucose following a 50-g starch
      meal were 6.09 +/- 0.02 mmol/l with placebo, but 3.17 +/- 0.59 mmol/l (p less
      than 0.05) with 10 mg and 1.69 +/- 0.41 mmol/l (p less than 0.05) with 30 mg
      Trestatin . The corresponding insulin increases were: 58.8 +/- 12.7 mU/l, 31.5 +/
      9.7 mU/l (p less than 0.05) and 23.4 +/- 4.8 mU/l (p less than 0.05). Trestatin
      fully retained this pharmacological activity during treatment for 4 weeks in the
      diabetic patients. Trestatin did not influence glucose and insulin profiles after
      oral glucose and sucrose. These results are consistent with a specific inhibition
      of alpha-amylase in man.

PMID- 6376234
TI  - Factors governing the human immune response to injected insulin.
AB  - Seventy-nine patients were observed prospectively during their initial period of
      treatment with conventional bovine insulins. Insulin antibody levels 6 months
      after starting insulin therapy did not correlate with age, gender or beta cell
      function at onset of treatment. Patients who required soluble insulin in addition
      to isophane insulin developed higher levels of insulin antibody. Patients bearing
      the HLA-B8, DR3 and C4AQO alleles had lower levels of insulin antibody, whereas
      those bearing DR7 produced significantly higher levels. Other alleles at the C4A,
      C4B, C2, factor B or Gm loci did not appear to have a significant effect on
      insulin antibody production. The hyporesponsiveness of B8/DR3/ C4AQO -positive
      individuals probably reflects a non-specific abnormality of immunity whereas the
      enhanced responsiveness of those positive for DR7 suggests the presence of a
      specific immune response gene for insulin.

PMID- 6376236
TI  - The basic structural lesion of persistent neonatal hypoglycaemia with
      hyperinsulinism: deficiency of pancreatic D cells or hyperactivity of B cells?
AB  - Pancreatic tissue obtained at subtotal pancreatectomy from 15 infants with
      persistent hypoglycaemia with hyperinsulinism, and autopsy specimens from 23 age
      matched normoglycaemic controls, were studied with morphometric methods after
      immunocytochemical staining of the four main islet cell types (A, B, D and
      pancreatic polypeptide cells). In three cases, a focal lesion was detected by
      gross examination. Macroscopic or microscopic examination did not distinguish the
      12 other cases from controls. As found previously, nesidioblastosis was not a
      specific feature of the pancreas in infantile hypoglycaemia, being observed in
      age-matched controls as well. In cases with hypoglycaemia the volume density of B
      cells was not significantly increased; that of the A cells was within normal
      range. The volume density of pancreatic polypeptide cells was markedly augmented
      and that of somatostatin cells was significantly decreased. The mean nuclear
      volume of the B cells was increased by 40% in cases with diffuse changes, but in
      cases with a focal lesion this increase was restricted to the abnormal area. This
      finding is of decisive importance for diagnosis and has therapeutic implications.
      The increase in B-cell nuclear size is thought to reflect an enhanced functional
      activity of these cells. On the other hand, the figures obtained for the volume
      density of B and D cells must be viewed with some reservation because
      degranulation may interfere with accurate detection of these cells.

PMID- 6376238
TI  - Dietary protein: a trigger of insulin-dependent diabetes in the BB rat?
AB  - Animals from a colony of spontaneously diabetic insulin-dependent BB rats were
      fed from weaning with semi-synthetic diets in which natural proteins were
      replaced by l-amino acids with or without the addition of either milk or wheat
      proteins. The normal 50% incidence of diabetes in the colony was reduced to 15%
      in rats fed the basic semi-synthetic diet, while it was 35% and 52% when
      supplemented with gluten or milk, respectively. Thus, dietary factors might
      precipitate the expression of the disease.

PMID- 6376237
TI  - Sequential determination of calcium distribution in B cells at the various phases
      of glucose-induced insulin secretion.
AB  - Localization and quantification of calcium pyroantimonate precipitates within the
      B cells, and determination of insulin secretion were performed in rat pancreas
      perfused with 3.3 and 16.6 mmol/l glucose. Observations were carried out during
      the peak, the refractory period, and at 10 and 20 min in the second phase of
      glucose secretion after the start of a glucose challenge. Specific calcium
      pyroantimonate precipitates, assessed by EGTA cross-incubation, appeared attached
      to plasma membrane, Golgi complex, mitochondria, cytoplasmic matrix and secretory
      granules. The total number of cellular calcium pyroantimonate precipitates
      increased with perfusion time, being significantly higher at every time-point
      with the higher concentration of glucose (16.6 mmol/l) than with the 3.3 mmol/l
      glucose concentration. Calcium pyroantimonate precipitates showed a progressive
      increment both in plasma membranes and mitochondria. In the cytoplasmic matrix, B
      granules and Golgi complex, a sharp increase in the number of precipitates was
      detected at the refractory period, followed by a continuous decrease until the
      end of the experiment. These results show that the number of calcium
      pyroantimonate precipitates, localized in different organelles, changes according
      to the functional state of B cells. They stress the importance of intracellular
      readily exchangeable pools as regulators of calcium availability for insulin
      stimulus-secretion coupling.

PMID- 6376239
TI  - Effect of islet activating protein on glucose tolerance, insulin secretion and
      insulin responsiveness in the NZO mouse.
AB  - The effect of islet activating protein on glucose tolerance, insulin secretion
      and insulin responsiveness was studied in the NZO mouse, a model of non-insulin
      dependent diabetes and obesity. A single IV injection of 5 ng/g body weight islet
      activating protein markedly lowered plasma glucose and the glucose response to IP
      glucose administration, measured 5 days later (mean +/- SEM, plasma glucose
      levels 0, 10, 30 and 60 min after glucose 6.0 +/- 0.9, 14.6 +/- 1.3, 14.1 +/- 1.3
      and 13.2 +/- 1.7 mmol/l in islet activating protein-treated NZO mice versus 12.8
      +/- 1.6, 27.8 +/- 3.4, 34.7 +/- 4.1, 39.1 +/- 3.8 mmol/l in carrier-treated NZO
      mice). There was no difference in fasting plasma insulin levels between islet
      activating protein and carrier-treated mice. No response of plasma insulin to
      glucose occurred in the carrier-treated mice, but a highly significant insulin
      response to glucose was seen in the islet activating protein-treated mice. The in
      vitro responsiveness of pancreatic islets of islet activating protein-treated NZO
      mice to glucose was improved, and the inhibitory effect of adrenaline on insulin
      secretion was reduced. The in vivo hypoglycaemic response to exogenous insulin
      was not improved by islet activating protein and a demonstrated defect in the
      insulin sensitivity and responsiveness of glucose utilization by isolated soleus
      muscle was not reversed by islet activating protein treatment. It is concluded
      that islet activating protein is highly effective in improving glucose tolerance
      and insulin secretion in NZO mice, and that the improvement in glucose tolerance
      occurs without demonstrable improvement in the responsiveness to exogenous
      insulin or sensitivity of soleus muscle to insulin.

PMID- 6376240
TI  - On the estimation of absorption of subcutaneous injected insulin from plasma
      concentrations using mathematical models.

PMID- 6376241
TI  - Haemodynamic changes in insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in normal man.
AB  - Haemodynamic variables (plasma volume, heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac
      output, stroke volume, pulmonary tissue volume, total peripheral vascular
      resistance, hepato-splanchnic vascular resistance, lower extremity vascular
      resistance and plasma catecholamines) were measured before and after insulin
      induced hypoglycaemia in seven healthy men. Plasma volume decreased significantly
      at the nadir of glucose (mean decrease 222 +/- 41 ml) and subsequently increased
      to pre-hypoglycaemic values within 30 min. Cardiac output increased in response
      to hypoglycaemia (mean increase 2.8 +/- 0.61/min). The early rise in cardiac
      output was primarily due to an increase in heart rate, but later mainly due to
      increased stroke volume. Since pulmonary tissue volume was constant, the observed
      changes in cardiac output are unlikely to be due to a Frank-Starling mechanism
      but rather to increased sympatho-adrenal activity. Total peripheral vascular
      resistance as well as lower extremity vascular resistance decreased, whereas
      hepato-splanchnic vascular resistance was unaffected. Thus insulin-induced
      hypoglycaemia has marked transient effects on the circulation.

PMID- 6376242
TI  - Improved but not normalized glucose counter-regulation during glucagon infusion
      in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes.
AB  - Glucose counter-regulation during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia was studied in
      Type 1 diabetic patients without evidence of autonomic neuropathy and compared
      with that of a non-diabetic control group. The glucose recovery rate following
      hypoglycaemia was delayed in the diabetic compared with the control subjects and
      this was most pronounced for the initial, rapid phase of glucose increase
      (glucose increase in 15 min, control: 1.1 +/- 0.1 versus 0.4 +/- 0.1 mmol/l; p
      less than 0.01). The release of glucagon during hypoglycaemia was blunted in the
      diabetic patients (maximal plasma levels, control: 148 +/- 25 versus 70 +/- 10
      pg/ml; p less than 0.01). The adrenaline levels were also lower compared with the
      control subjects (maximal plasma levels, control: 7.23 +/- 1.21 versus 3.27 +/-
      0.87 nmol/l; p less than 0.05). To evaluate the importance of the blunted
      glucagon response for the delayed glucose compensation, glucagon was infused
      during the hypoglycaemia. Overall glucose recovery rate was improved but did not
      return to normal. Consequently impaired glucagon release in the diabetic patients
      cannot alone explain impaired glucoregulation; the lower adrenaline levels and/or
      an effect of the previous glucose levels per se on hepatic glucose production are
      probably also of importance.

PMID- 6376243
TI  - Ketone bodies as markers for type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes and their value
      in the monitoring of diabetic control.
AB  - Serum levels of acetoacetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate and the 3
      hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate ratio were determined in Type 1 (insulin-dependent)
      and Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients by a new sensitive method.
      Efforts were made to differentiate Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes by serum levels of
      ketone bodies and to determine whether their measurement is a useful way of
      monitoring diabetic control. In Type 2 diabetes, serum levels of total ketone
      bodies did not exceed 2.0 mmol/l even if the patients were untreated or poorly
      controlled. In Type 1 diabetic subjects, treated with once or twice daily
      injections of insulin, morning serum levels of acetoacetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate
      and total ketone bodies were significantly elevated by four-, ten- and sevenfold,
      respectively. In Type 2 diabetic subjects treated with diet or sulphonylureas,
      serum levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate were highest before breakfast, next highest
      before dinner and decreased after each meal. The changes were roughly inversely
      proportional to serum insulin levels. In addition, insulin treatment normalized
      fasting serum levels of ketone bodies better than diet or sulphonylurea
      treatment. Acetoacetate was also significantly increased in both types of
      diabetes to a lesser extent, but no apparent diurnal rhythm was observed.
      Determination of serum levels of ketone bodies is useful for the diagnosis of
      Type 1 diabetes (those with total ketone bodies greater than 2 mmol/l) and for
      detecting insufficient insulin therapy.

PMID- 6376244
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of improved glucose control during regular exercise in
      type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes.
AB  - The effects of 6 weeks of thrice weekly training on glycaemic control were
      assessed in 20 sedentary Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients and 11
      control subjects matched for previous physical activity. Maximal oxygen uptake
      was lower in the diabetic patients than in control subjects before training (26.2
      +/- 1.1 versus 32.6 +-/ 1.7 ml X kg-1 X min-1; p less than 0.001). Glycosylated
      haemoglobin levels decreased in the diabetic patients during the training
      programme (12.2 +/- 0.5 to 10.7 +/- 0.4%; p less than 0.02). Oral and intravenous
      glucose tolerance determined 72 h after the last exercise period showed only
      minimal improvement. Plasma glucose levels were, however, significantly lower at
      12 h than 72 h after exercise in eight subjects tested at both time points. These
      data suggest than an exercise programme can produce a significant decrease in
      glycosylated haemoglobin levels in Type 2 diabetic males probably due, in great
      measure, to the cumulative effect of transient improvements in glucose tolerance
      which follow each individual period of exercise.

PMID- 6376245
TI  - Evidence for post-transcriptional regulation by insulin of 3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and sterol synthesis in human mononuclear
      leucocytes.
AB  - Incubation of freshly isolated human mononuclear leucocytes in lipid-depleted
      serum for 4 h resulted in a two-fold increase in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl
      coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity. Insulin, when added to the incubation
      medium at concentrations of 10 and 100 nmol/l at zero time, caused additional
      increases in the enzyme activity of 30% and 37%, respectively. The hormone action
      was not immediate because no effect was observed when insulin was added at 4 h
      and activity examined thereafter. Under these conditions sterol synthesis from
      14C-acetate and tritiated water was strictly proportional to the activity of HMG
      CoA reductase. Cycloheximide (20 micrograms/ml), a translational inhibitor of
      protein synthesis, prevented the insulin-mediated increase in the enzyme activity
      and the incorporation of 14C-acetate into sterols. Cordycepin (50 micrograms/ml)
      inhibited messenger RNA synthesis by greater than 50%, but had no inhibitory
      effect on the induction of HMG-CoA reductase and sterol synthesis. Low density
      lipoprotein (80 micrograms protein/ml) and complete serum blocked the induction
      of the enzyme and sterol synthesis from 14C-acetate caused by lipid-depleted
      serum. The insulin-effect, however, remained unchanged. The results suggest that
      insulin may regulate the de novo synthesis of HMG-CoA reductase and accordingly
      sterol synthesis at a post-transcriptional level.

PMID- 6376246
TI  - Characteristics of an adenylate cyclase enhancing factor from mouse pancreatic
      islet cytosol.
AB  - The role of cytosolic components in the regulation of mouse pancreatic islet
      adenylate cyclase activity was studied. Addition of mouse islet cytosol (27000 g
      supernatant of mouse islet sonicate), devoid of adenylate cyclase activity
      itself, increased adenylate cyclase activity by 93 +/- 17% (n = 9) in the 27000 g
      total particulate fraction of mouse islets. Addition of GTP stimulated adenylate
      cyclase activity by 91 +/- 11% (n = 13) or to the same degree as cytosol. Like
      GTP, the substance causing the enhancing activity of the cytosol was found to be
      dialysable, resistant to heat, sensitive to charcoal treatment and alkaline
      phosphatase and insensitive to digestion with trypsin. However, in contrast to
      the stimulation by GTP, the stimulation by cytosol was not inhibited by guanosine
      5'-0-(2-thiodiphosphate), and furthermore, the effects of cytosol and GTP were
      additive. Neither NAD nor phosphoenolpyruvate stimulated adenylate cyclase
      activity. The cytosolic factor did not confer sensitivity towards glucose, Ca2+
      or Ca2+-calmodulin on adenylate cyclase. The results demonstrate that mouse
      pancreatic islets contain a phosphocompound (or several compounds) distinct from
      GTP and capable of markedly stimulating adenylate cyclase. The identity of the
      compound and its physiological significance remain to be established.

PMID- 6376247
TI  - Production of monoclonal antibodies to islet cell surface antigens using
      hybridization of spleen lymphocytes from non-obese diabetic mice.
AB  - Non-obese diabetic mice display a syndrome with dramatic clinical and
      pathological features similar to those of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes in
      man. Circulating autoantibodies to the surface of islet cells were demonstrated
      in some of these mice by a protein A radioligand assay. To produce monoclonal
      antibodies to islet cell surface antigens, therefore, we took the spleens of non
      obese diabetic mice, transferred the spleen cells into non-immunized recipient
      mice, which were made immunologically incompetent by a large dose of X
      irradiation, and then fused their lymphocytes with FO mouse myeloma cells. After
      screening the resultant hybrids, one stable hybridoma (3A4) that produced a
      monoclonal antibody (IgG1) specifically bound to the surface of islet cells was
      obtained. The purified monoclonal antibody was bound to the surface of
      transplantable Syrian golden hamster insulinoma cells sevenfold more than control
      antibody. Adsorption of the antibody on mouse spleen lymphocytes or thymocytes
      resulted in only a slight decrease in 125I-protein A binding to insulinoma cells.
      This antibody also reacted with the surface of mouse and rat islet cells, but not
      with that of rat spleen cells or hepatocytes. A spectrophotometric assay for
      peroxidase activity demonstrated that six times more peroxidase bound to
      insulinoma cells incubated with the antibody than to cells treated with control
      antibody. Furthermore, this antibody could be visually detected in the
      immunoenzymatic labelling of the surface of insulinoma cells. In summary, we have
      developed a novel method of producing monoclonal antibodies to the surface of
      islet cells for probing into the pathogenesis of Type 1 diabetes.

PMID- 6376248
TI  - Growth and differentiation of chicken embryo muscle cell cultures derived from
      fast- and slow-growing lines. Intrinsic differences in growth characteristics and
      insulin response.
AB  - Primary myogenic cell cultures derived from 12-day embryos of genetically fast
      growing chickens (fast cultures) and slow-growing chickens (slow cultures) were
      grown under identical conditions to examine differences in growth and
      differentiation at the cellular level. The two types of cultures exhibited
      significant (P less than 0.01) differences in proliferation, protein
      accumulation, response to the addition of insulin to the culture medium and the
      amount of insulin bound per nucleus. The fast cultures exhibited a larger number
      of both total nuclei and fused nuclei at 48, 72 and 96 h in culture, accumulated
      more protein per nucleus at 24, 48 and 72 h in culture and demonstrated a greater
      response to the addition of insulin to the culture medium, as reflected by
      increased fusion rate and protein accumulation at 24 h in culture. Maximal
      response to insulin in both types of cultures was obtained at 24 h to added
      insulin concentrations of 10(-10)-10(-9) M. Slow cultures bound more [125I]
      insulin than fast cultures at 24 h in culture. These experiments suggest that
      different muscle growth potentials in animals of the same species are at least
      partly due to intrinsic cellular differences in the myogenic cells that give rise
      to adult muscle tissue.

PMID- 6376249
TI  - Robert W. Briggs: 1911-1983.

PMID- 6376250
TI  - Cyclosporine approved for kidney, liver, and heart transplants.

PMID- 6376251
TI  - [Various physiopathologic aspects of obesity].

PMID- 6376252
TI  - [Clinico-electrophysiologic relations in isolated complete atrioventricular
      block, congenital or idiopathic].
AB  - Congenital or idiopathic complete A-V block with no detectable heart disease may
      be complicated by near syncope, syncope or sudden death. The proposed predictive
      "risk factors" of these events have not proved sufficiently reliable so far. This
      study was undertaken in order to re-evaluate the correlation between symptoms and
      clinical and electrophysiological data with particular regard to the junctional
      recovery time in 10 patients (4 M; 6 F; mean age 24.4 +/- 9.6 at our first
      observation) with congenital or idiopathic complete A-V block. Patients were
      divided into 2 groups: group A (3 M; 3 F; mean age 27.8 +/- 10.6 at our first
      observation) with patients who complained of vertigo, near syncope or syncope
      before our study; group B (1 M; 3 F; mean age 19.2 +/- 4.1 at first observation)
      without cardiovascular symptoms before our study. In group A, Holter monitoring
      revealed periods of asystole longer than 3000 ms in 2, and ectopic ventricular
      arrhythmias mainly during effort in 2; ergometric stress test performed in 3
      patients demonstrated ectopic ventricular arrhythmias in 2 (those who had ectopic
      ventricular arrhythmias at rest). In all patients the site of the block was
      suprahisian (demonstrated by electrophysiologic endocavitary study) with a normal
      H-V interval; mean junctional recovery time was 4.600 +/- 1.620 ms and corrected
      junctional recovery time was 3.088 +/- 1.500. Four patients had vertigo during
      the electrophysiologic endocavitary study. After Atropine 0.02 mg/Kg i.v.
      junctional recovery time and corrected junctional recovery time decreased
      respectively to 1052 +/- 238 and 166 +/- 38 ms (the measurement was made in 5
      patients). In group B Holter monitoring revealed periods of asystole longer than
      3000 ms in 1 case. All patients had ectopic ventricular arrhythmias, confirmed by
      the stress test. In this group too, the block was suprahisian (electrophysiologic
      endocavitary study) with normal H-V. Mean junctional recovery time was 5162 +/-
      2408 ms; and corrected junctional recovery time 3687 +/- 2202. Two patients
      complained of dizziness during the electrophysiologic endocavitary study. After
      Atropine 0.02 mg/Kg i.v., junctional recovery time and corrected junctional
      recovery time decreased respectively to 1300 +/- 356 and 260 +/- 145 ms. Four
      group A and 1 group B patients received a permanent pacemaker and have remained
      asymptomatic since.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6376253
TI  - [Ultrastructural changes induced on a strain of C. albicans by a newly
      synthesized N-aminoimidazole].

PMID- 6376254
TI  - [Double-blind comparison between 2 different formulations of econazole ovules].

PMID- 6376255
TI  - [Use of ceftazidime in pneumology. Efficacy and tolerance].

PMID- 6376256
TI  - [Evaluation of the bactericidal activity of the combination of fosfomycin with
      other antibiotics by 2 different methods (checkboard and bactericidal curves)].

PMID- 6376257
TI  - [Hypophysotropic hypothalamic hormones: their importance in contemporary
      medicine].

PMID- 6376258
TI  - [Bone marrow transplant in aplastic anemia. Current status and review of the
      first allogeneic transplants in Mexico].

PMID- 6376259
TI  - [Topical treatment of genital herpes simplex with a pregnene derivative].

PMID- 6376260
TI  - [Notes on 2 terms in common use].

PMID- 6376261
TI  - [Value of mucin histochemistry in the normal and pathological digestive tract].

PMID- 6376262
TI  - [Significance of the elevation of beta 2 microglobulin in alcoholic
      hepatopathies].

PMID- 6376263
TI  - Characteristic features of plasma amino acid, plasma pancreatic glucagon, serum
      insulin concentrations in cirrhotic patients with histories of chronic alcohol
      consumption.
AB  - Plasma amino acid, plasma pancreatic glucagon and serum insulin levels were
      simultaneously measured in cirrhotic patients with (drinkers) and without a
      history of alcohol drinking (non-drinkers), as compared to those in alcoholics
      without liver disease. Clinical characteristics in drinkers and non-drinkers,
      such as the extent of liver dysfunction, which may affect plasma amino acid
      levels, were strictly matched. Plasma pancreatic glucagon levels in the drinker
      group were much higher than those in the non-drinker group. In the former group,
      the elevated plasma pancreatic glucagon levels were correlated (p less than 0.05)
      to total amino acid levels (the sum of 20 kinds of L-amino acid concentrations)
      and, elevated AAA concentrations leading to a diminished BCAA/AAA ratio. Drinkers
      with histories of hepatic encephalopathy presented grossly elevated glucagon
      levels and severely abnormal aminograms similar to those observed in hepatic
      insufficiency.

PMID- 6376264
TI  - Insulin degradation in hepatic cirrhosis.
AB  - Hepatic insulinase activity was studied in cirrhosis in an attempt to explain the
      hyperinsulinemia known to occur in this disease. Liver tissue was obtained during
      laparotomy in seven patients with cirrhosis of the liver and five patients
      without liver disease. Insulin degradation was significantly decreased in the
      cirrhotic liver at each time interval measured (p less than 0.05). Insulinase
      inhibitor activity was measured in the plasma of 12 patients with cirrhosis of
      the liver and six controls. There was no significant difference between the two
      groups. Decreased insulinase activity in cirrhosis may account, in part, for the
      hyperinsulinemia seen in this disease.

PMID- 6376265
TI  - Efficacy of hepatitis B immune globulin in prevention of perinatal transmission
      of the hepatitis B virus.
AB  - An efficacy trial of hepatitis B immune globulin in the prevention of perinatal
      transmission of hepatitis B virus infection was conducted in Los Angeles. Ten
      infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-and hepatitis B e antigen
      (HBeAg)-positive carrier mothers as well as 4 infants born to mothers with acute
      hepatitis B in the third trimester of pregnancy received hepatitis B immune
      globulin without randomization. Twenty infants born to HBsAg- and antibody to
      hepatitis B e antigen (anti-HBe)-positive carrier mothers were randomized to
      receive hepatitis B immune globulin or a placebo. All infants were followed for
      up to 18 mo. Four infants (2 born to HBeAg carrier mothers, 1 to an anti-HBe
      carrier, and 1 to a mother with acute hepatitis) became HBsAg-positive carriers,
      whereas another infant, whose mother was an HBeAg carrier, developed a transient
      anicteric hepatitis B infection. All infants who became infected did so after 9
      mo of age as hepatitis B immune globulin protection waned. In infants born to
      HBsAg-positive carrier mothers, active immunoprophylaxis with the hepatitis B
      vaccine must be used in conjunction with hepatitis B immune globulin.

PMID- 6376266
TI  - Failure of pancreatic polypeptide release in congenitally obese mice.
AB  - Obesity can be reversed in ob/ob mice by parabiosis to lean littermates, by islet
      transplantation, and by injection of pancreatic polypeptide. These observations
      suggest that obese mice have functioning satiety centers but lack a circulating
      satiety factor of pancreatic origin which could be pancreatic polypeptide. This
      hypothesis has been difficult to test because antisera currently available do not
      cross-react with rodent pancreatic polypeptide. We have raised an antiserum
      against the biologically active carboxyl-terminal hexapeptide that measures mouse
      pancreatic polypeptide specifically. This antiserum has been used to compare
      circulating and tissue concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide in obese and lean
      mice. Although pancreatic contents were significantly (p less than 0.01)
      increased in obese mice (237 +/- 34 pmol/g) compared with lean littermates (107
      +/- 20 pmol/g), no postprandial increase in circulating concentrations was
      observed in obese mice. The hypothesis that obese mice lack a satiety factor of
      pancreatic origin could be explained by the failure of release of pancreatic
      polypeptide.

PMID- 6376267
TI  - Prostacyclin inhibits gastric emptying and small-intestinal transit in rats and
      dogs.
AB  - Prostacyclin (PGI2) antagonizes 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2-induced diarrhea
      in rats, presumably by inhibiting the fluid accumulation of "enteropooling" in
      the small intestine. The effect of PGI2 on gastric emptying, small intestinal
      transit, and colonic transit was examined in rats and dogs to determine if
      interference with propulsion might also contribute to the antidiarrheal
      properties of this compound. Rats implanted with chronic duodenal cannulas were
      given subcutaneous PGI2 (0.1-1000 microgram/kg) followed 10 min later by
      intragastric 51Cr and a visually detectable duodenal transit marker. Forty-five
      minutes later, the animals were killed. Small-intestinal transit was expressed as
      the percentage of small intestinal length traveled by the visually detected
      marker. Gastric emptying was expressed as the percentage of the total 51Cr found
      in the small intestine. Subcutaneous PGI2 inhibited gastric emptying maximally at
      10 micrograms/kg. Small-intestinal transit was significantly decreased at 50
      micrograms/kg and almost completely suppressed at 1.0 mg/kg. Subcutaneous
      naloxone (0.5 mg/kg) given 10 min before and 20 min after subcutaneous PGI2
      administration did not block PGI2's effects. Intravenous or oral PGI2 in doses as
      high as 0.2 or 10 mg/kg, respectively, had none of these effects. However, a high
      dose intravenous bolus (1.0 mg/kg) or infusion (1.0 mg/kg X 45 min) both
      inhibited gastric emptying. Small intestinal transit was only decreased by PGI2
      infusion, suggesting that this parameter was more sensitive to a sustained blood
      level than gastric emptying. Hourly injections of subcutaneous PGI2 (0.5 mg/kg)
      had no effect on rat colonic transit measured over a 3-h period after deposition
      of the transit marker through a colonic cannula in a manner similar to that
      described for small-intestinal transit above. Small-intestinal transit was also
      measured in dogs given a barium suspension through a chronic duodenal cannula.
      The animals simultaneously received subcutaneous PGI2 (10 micrograms/kg) and were
      given an additional treatment and an abdominal x-ray every 30 min thereafter. In
      vehicle-treated dogs, barium reached the cecal area in an average of 2.8 h after
      instillation. In PGI2-treated dogs, barium never reached the cecum in the 5-h
      examination period. Thus, PGI2 inhibits gastric emptying in rat and small
      intestinal transit in rat and dog but has no effect on rat colonic transit. These
      properties could contribute to PGI2's antidiarrheal activity.

PMID- 6376268
TI  - Training and education in gastroenterology. List of available training programs.

PMID- 6376269
TI  - [Urethrovesical suspension with autologous fascia tissue by the purely vaginal
      approach--the short-arm sling operation].
AB  - Sling operations are a last result following failures of routine vaginal surgery
      for stress incontinence. The present paper describes a new operative treatment of
      stress incontinence by using pre-existing urethral fixing ligaments. The complex
      reunion of these ligaments after their preparation results in a sling formation
      with autologous tissue. The ligaments are 1-2 cm long from their origin. The
      urethra is directly under the insertion of the ligaments. Their presence in all
      cases permits the treatment of incontinence of all types and degrees with a
      reliable fixation of the urethra to the symphysis. The regional anatomy must be
      well observed in all cases. Plication of the remaining vesico-vaginal septum
      eliminates the always present vaginal descent. The numerous advantages over all
      other sling operations of this short arm sling operation are described in detail.
      Only the incorporation of endopelvic fascia into the carrying structures is a
      reliable indication for postoperative continence. The ideal nutrition of the
      fixating ligaments permits full activity four weeks after the operation and
      integration into the working life. Among the 332 cases of stress incontinence
      which were cured by this method no true recurrence was observed. A few patients
      had stress incontinence under extreme stress and were considered as failures. The
      short arm sling operation shows its advantages by reliable long term results, the
      pure vaginal approach without costly foreign materials and the lack of infection
      are other advantages.

PMID- 6376270
TI  - [Bone marrow transplantation: problems and hypotheses].

PMID- 6376271
TI  - [Restoration of hematopoiesis after a bone marrow autograft in a child with a
      neuroblastoma under combined treatment].

PMID- 6376272
TI  - [Transplantation of fetal liver cells from many embryos to hemoblastosis patients
      conditioned by whole-body irradiation and chemotherapeutic agents].

PMID- 6376273
TI  - [Value of bibliometry for planning dissertation studies in the field of
      hematology and blood transfusion].

PMID- 6376274
TI  - The pharmacology of khat.

PMID- 6376275
TI  - The neuromuscular effects of lignocaine.
AB  - The local anesthetic drug lignocaine, in concentrations which completely block
      both nerve and muscle action potentials, produces concentration-dependent
      contractures in the vertebrate skeletal and smooth muscle fibres. The
      contractures produced by lignocaine were not related to membrane depolarization.
      Although lignocaine greatly reduced the depolarizations and contractures produced
      by depolarizing agents, such ACh or carbachol, it had a differential effect on
      the responses produced by tetraethylammonium (TEA) at the chick neuromuscular
      junction. Lignocaine reduced the TEA-induced depolarizations while it markedly
      enhanced the contracture responses. In the absence of membrane depolarization,
      the contractures produced by lignocaine may be attributed to an effect on release
      of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The results
      suggested a multiple site of action of lignocaine at the vertebrate neuromuscular
      junction.

PMID- 6376276
TI  - REM sleep deprivation decreases the antinociceptive property of enkephalinase
      inhibition, morphine and cold-water-swim.
AB  - Rats treated with phosphoramidon (an enkephalinase-inhibitor 250 micrograms,
      i.c.v.), morphine (20 micrograms i.c.v.) or subjected to cold-water-swim (CWS,
      animals forced to swim in water at 5 degrees C for 5 min) showed consistent
      analgesia. The antinociceptive effect of phosphoramidon, morphine and CWS was
      antagonised by REM sleep deprivation (REMSD). It is suggested that normal
      duration of REM sleep is of importance for the anti-nociceptive activity of
      endogenous and exogenous opiates.

PMID- 6376277
TI  - The vascular system of principal islets: semithin-section studies in teleosts
      fixed by perfusion.
AB  - The angioarchitecture of clearly zonated principal islets (central B-cell and
      peripheral A-cell region) from teleosts has been analyzed in five islets
      following perfusion fixation and serial sectioning. In contrast to the similar
      cell-type distribution in the species studied (Gadus morrhua , Myoxocephalus
      scorpius , Agonus cataphractus , Limanda limanda ) there were three different
      types of vasculature characterized by centripetal blood flow, centrifugal blood
      flow, or an intermediate type. The vascular pattern (and the development of the
      organ capsule) showed inter- and even intraspecies differences. It is suggested
      that differences in angioarchitecture reflect individually variable interactions
      of exocrine and endocrine tissue during organogenesis rather than mutual cell
      type control via the vascular system.

PMID- 6376278
TI  - Immunocytochemical demonstration of prolactin-like activity in the neural gland
      of the ascidian Styela plicata.
AB  - The neural gland of the ascidian Styela plicata has been studied by means of
      cytochemical and immunocytochemical methods. Several cells of the glandular
      lobules are erythrosin-positive and immunoreactive after incubation with a
      mammalian antibody to human prolactin. On the basis of the results obtained and
      of the existing literature, the possible pituitary-like function of the neural
      gland is discussed.

PMID- 6376279
TI  - Coincident gene conversion during mitosis in saccharomyces.
AB  - During mitosis, gene conversion events at the TRP5 locus on chromosome VII are
      coupled with conversion events at LEU1, a locus 18 cM away, 1200 times more
      frequently than would be expected for two independent acts of recombination. Such
      coincident conversion events that occur over relatively long distances could be
      due to several mechanisms. We discuss these possibilities and describe an
      experiment that indicates that a portion of coincident events is due to extensive
      heteroduplexes. The phenomenon of coincident gene conversion is discussed in
      relation to our earlier evidence that spontaneous recombination between
      homologues occurs prereplicationally in mitosis.

PMID- 6376280
TI  - [Escherichia coli K-12 mutants with enhanced resistance to ionizing radiation.
      III. The effect of rec and lexA mutations on radioresistance].
AB  - Lethal action of gamma-rays on derivatives of the wild-type strain AB1157 and of
      two radiation-resistant mutants (Gamr444 and Gamr445) containing additional
      mutations dnaA46, recB21, recF143, recA56, recA430, lexA3, lexA102 or lexA3
      recAo98, was studied. When the mean number of genomes per cell was reduced by
      means of pre-incubation at 43 degrees C, radioresistance of the strains AB1157
      dnaA46 and Gamr445 dnaA46 was not changed, and that of the strain Gamr444 dnaA46
      was reduced to the level of the Gamr445 dnaA46 strain. Introduction of additional
      mutations recB21, recA56 or lexA3 (lexA102) into the genome of the strains
      Gamr444 or Gamr445 made them as radiosensitive as the corresponding variants of
      AB1157. Additional mutations recF143 or recA430 (lexB30) significantly decreased
      the radioresistance of Gamr444 and Gamr445 mutants, although did not level them
      to corresponding derivatives of AB1157. Operator-constitutive mutation recAo98
      enhanced radioresistance of all lexA3 derivatives tested but not to the level of
      the corresponding lexA+ strains. The role of recombinational repair and the
      inducible SOS system in enhanced radioresistance of Gamr mutants is discussed.
      The data of post-irradiation DNA degradation in various derivatives of the
      strains AB1157 and Gamr suggest that Gamr mutants have a constitutive inhibitor
      of degradation which does coincide with RecA protein.

PMID- 6376281
TI  - [Escherichia coli K-12 mutants with enhanced resistance to ionizing radiation.
      IV. Recombination characteristics of Gamr mutants].
AB  - In the radiation-resistant Gamr444 mutant the inheritance frequency of long F'
      episomes ORF1 (purE+ tsx+ procC+ lac+) and F'14 (ilv+--argE+) is lower, and the
      frequencies of chromosome mobilization and integrative suppression of temperature
      sensitive dnaA46 mutation by the sex factor F are much higher than those in the
      wild-type strain AB1157 and another radiation-resistant mutant Gamr445. In this
      respect, the mutant Gamr444 is very similar to the recRC sbcB mutant (RecF
      pathway of recombination).

PMID- 6376282
TI  - Correlation of DNA adenine methylase activity with spontaneous mutability in
      Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - Using a multicopy plasmid in which the tac promoter has been placed in front of
      the dam gene of Escherichia coli K-12, we show that levels of DNA adenine
      methylase activity are correlated with the spontaneous mutation frequency.

PMID- 6376283
TI  - Cloning of a gene required for tryptophan biosynthesis from Leptospira biflexa
      serovar patoc into Escherichia coli.
AB  - A clone bank, consisting of approx. 8100 colonies, has been created for the
      spirochete Leptospira biflexa serovar patoc in Escherichia coli using pBR322 as
      the vector. One of these clones contains the genetic information needed to
      complement a defect in the trpE gene of E. coli. The information resides on a
      20.5-kb plasmid designated pYC1, which carries a 16-kb insert consisting of three
      HindIII fragments. It does not complement defects in other genes needed for the
      biosynthesis of tryptophan in E. coli.

PMID- 6376284
TI  - Effects of alterations in the translation control region on bacterial gene
      expression: use of cat gene constructs transcribed from the lac promoter as a
      model system.
AB  - The region controlling translation of the cat gene, which codes for
      chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, has been varied structurally in a series of
      plasmids that place the gene under control of the lac promoter. These plasmid
      constructs have enabled study of the structural features that affect the
      efficiency of mRNA translation. Altering the potential for secondary structure
      formation within the translation control region caused a tenfold variation in the
      synthesis of CAT enzyme, whereas varying the distance between the Shine-Dalgarno
      sequence (SD) and the translation start codon from 7 to 13 bases did not
      significantly affect the yield of CAT. If the SD was situated in a region of mRNA
      that is capable of base pairing, the efficiency of translation was decreased;
      however, the translation start codon, AUG, can initiate translation efficiently
      even when located in a segment capable of duplex formation. Overlapping of the
      cat translation control region by translation initiated upstream markedly
      affected initiation of translation within the cat gene: out-to-frame overlapping
      translation reduced CAT production by 90%; in-frame overlapping translation
      prevented detectable initiation of protein synthesis at the cat gene translation
      start codon, and yielded only fusion proteins. The enzymatic activity of such
      proteins was influenced by the length of the adventitious peptide segment added
      to the amino-terminus of the CAT polypeptide.

PMID- 6376285
TI  - Plasmid-mediated complementation of a delta-aminolevulinic-acid-requiring
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant.
AB  - Recombinant plasmids able to complement the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ole3
      mutation were isolated. The nucleotide sequence responsible for complementation
      was localized to a 3.5-kb region. The level of delta-aminolevulinate (ALV)
      synthase activity in wild-type cells was six-fold lower than in plasmid
      transformed ole3 mutant cells. Certain clones secreted a compound that supported
      growth of a lawn of adjacent ole3 mutant cells.

PMID- 6376286
TI  - The selection and characterisation of two novel mutations in the overlapping
      promoters of the Escherichia coli galactose operon.
AB  - Mutations that result in small decreases or increases in expression from the
      Escherichia coli galactose operon promoter region can be detected by using a
      plasmid in which the gal promoters were fused to the lac operon. We describe how
      the level of lac expression was adjusted so that the Lac phenotype of host cells
      was optimally sensitive to changes in the gal promoter sequence. We have
      investigated the properties of two new gal promoter mutations both in vivo and in
      vitro, and have determined their effects on the two overlapping gal promoters, P1
      and P2. Although one mutation causes only a small reduction in overall expression
      in vivo, it completely suppresses transcription initiation at the P1 promoter.
      However, it also increases expression from the P2 promoter, which compensates for
      the change at P1. This mutation, a GC to AT transition, falls in a zone just
      upstream of the P1 Pribnow box, which is essential for P1 activity, whilst
      improving the homology between the P2 Pribnow box and the consensus sequence. The
      second mutation causes a small increase in P1 activity. This change, a GC to AT
      transition at -23, falls in the spacer region between the Pribnow box and the -35
      region, a zone containing no known promoter consensus sequences. We suggest that
      this mutation, which creates a stretch of five AT base pairs, acts by increasing
      the twist angle of the sequences in the spacer region. We argue that the increase
      in promoter activity is due to this twist changing the relative orientation of
      the Pribnow box and -35 regions.

PMID- 6376287
TI  - Stability of recombinant plasmids containing the ars sequence of yeast
      extrachromosomal rDNA in several strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - The mitotic stabilities of hybrid plasmid Rcp21/11, which contains the replicator
      of yeast rDNA, have been compared for four yeast host strains of different
      origins. In two related strains, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A62-1G-P188 and 1A
      P3812 from the Peterhof genetic stocks, the plasmid was much more stable than in
      strains DC5 and GRF18 from the USA stocks. The enhanced mitotic stability of
      Rcp21/11 in these two yeast strains is obviously attributable to a higher rate of
      integration of the plasmid into the chromosomal rDNA repeats of the hosts. The
      centromeric locus CEN3 was inserted into Rcp21/11 because it provides high
      mitotic and meiotic stability of plasmids with yeast replicators, due to an
      ordered distribution of plasmids throughout cell division. Using the new
      centromeric plasmid RcpCEN3, transformation of the four above-described yeast
      strains was carried out. It was found that, similarly to centromeric plasmids
      with other chromosomal replicators, RcpCEN3 remains in the cell as a single copy.
      In strains DC5, GRF18 and A62-1G-P188 the mitotic stability of RcpCEN3 was 20
      50%, i.e., less than half that of plasmids containing locus CEN3 and other yeast
      replicators, ars1, ars2 and the 2mu DNA replicator. The mitotic stability of
      RcpCEN3 in strains 1A-P3812 (from the Peterhof genetic stocks) for individual
      clones reached 85%, i.e. close to that of the other plasmids. Genetic analysis
      showed that the capacity of strain 1A-P3812 to stably retain RcpCEN3 has a
      recessive polygenic character. We suggest that the observed differences in
      mitotic stability of centromeric plasmid RcpCEN3 between various yeast strains
      reflects the differences in activity of rDNA replicator in these
      strains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6376288
TI  - [Significance of trihalomethanes in drinking water].

PMID- 6376289
TI  - [Effect of indium and its compounds on the body (review of the literature)].

PMID- 6376290
TI  - Endoscopic management of bile duct stones; (apples and oranges).

PMID- 6376291
TI  - Prospective randomised trial of early cytotoxic therapy for recurrent colorectal
      carcinoma detected by serum CEA.
AB  - Of 663 patients treated with radical surgery for colorectal cancer, 52 showed a
      progressive rise in serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) with no other evidence
      of recurrent disease and were randomised in a prospective study of chemotherapy.
      Twenty six patients in the treatment group received 5FU and methyl CCNU from the
      time of randomisation and the remaining 26 controls were given further therapy
      only if there were clinical indications. All patients were followed for five
      years or until their death and all but one (control) developed clinical evidence
      of recurrence. Overall there was no significant difference between the two groups
      with respect to disease free interval and survival. Whereas the rise in CEA in
      controls was generally progressive, marked inflections on the CEA curves were
      seen in the majority of patients receiving early treatment. Eight of 26 treated
      patients showed a fall in CEA of greater than 20% two months after starting
      therapy. These patients had a median disease free interval of 90 weeks and a
      median survival of 107 weeks, these figures being longer than those of treated
      patients who did not show a fall in CEA and control patients. The serum CEA
      therefore appeared to give important prognostic information in patients receiving
      cytotoxic treatment. Early therapy was generally well tolerated.

PMID- 6376292
TI  - Randomised crossover trial of tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate versus high dose
      cimetidine for duodenal ulcers resistant to standard dose of cimetidine.
AB  - Of 212 patients with duodenal ulcer treated with four weeks of one gram daily
      cimetidine, 25 had ulcers which underwent no reduction in size despite treatment.
      The effects of tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate (TDB) tablet four times a day or
      cimetidine 1.6 g daily on the healing of these cimetidine resistant ulcers were
      compared in a randomised crossover trial. Ten of 12 patients on tripotassium
      dicitrato bismuthate and five of 13 patients on high dose cimetidine had complete
      healing (p less than 0.02). On crossing over, seven of the eight ulcers not
      healed by high dose cimetidine completely healed with TDB in another four weeks,
      and one of the two ulcers not healed by TDB healed with high dose cimetidine.
      Overall, TDB healed 85% of cimetidine resistant ulcers, whereas high dose
      cimetidine healed 40% (p less than 0.006). Tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate is
      recommended for cimetidine resistant duodenal ulcers.

PMID- 6376294
TI  - Perioperative external pneumatic calf compression as thromboembolism prophylaxis
      in gynecologic oncology: report of a randomized controlled trial.
AB  - Postoperative venous thromboembolic complications are a major problem for the
      gynecologic oncologist. External pneumatic calf compression (EPC), when applied
      intraoperatively and left on the patient's legs for 5 days postoperatively, has
      been previously demonstrated to significantly reduce the incidence of venous
      thromboembolic complications in patients undergoing surgery for pelvic
      malignancies. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether a short
      perioperative course of EPC is also effective in preventing venous thromboembolic
      complications. One hundred ninety-four patients participated in a randomized
      controlled trial of perioperative external pneumatic calf compression. 125I
      labeled fibrinogen scanning and impedance plethysmography were used as
      prospective surveillance methods in both groups. Venous thromboembolic
      complications were diagnosed in 12.4% of control group patients and in 18.6% of
      EPC group patients. External pneumatic calf compression when used only in the
      perioperative period appears to be of no benefit in reducing the incidence of
      postoperative venous thromboembolic complications.

PMID- 6376295
TI  - Ovarian hyperstimulation during chronic pulsatile GnRH therapy.

PMID- 6376296
TI  - Professor Stanislaw Kohmann, M.D.

PMID- 6376298
TI  - [Posterior chamber intraocular lenses with additional fixation suture-
      indications and surgical technic].

PMID- 6376297
TI  - [Experiences with hyaluronic acid in the operative treatment of glaucoma].

PMID- 6376293
TI  - Macrophage activation, chronic inflammation and gastrointestinal disease.

PMID- 6376299
TI  - [Follow-up treatment of vaginal hysterectomies using a bensopyrone preparation.
      Single-blind study on the subject of prevention of disorders of wound healing].
AB  - In a single blind study a benzopyrone drug proved efficient in the treatment of
      wound healing disorders following vaginal hysterectomy. The verum group (n = 60)
      had less symptoms and signs as rubor , edema, flux, pain, adnexitis etc. than the
      control (n = 60). The formation of keloid was very rare, micturition difficulties
      were missing, and the "second catheterization", generally practised, was very
      seldom needed. The mode of action of the drug is described.

PMID- 6376300
TI  - [Secondary immunopathogenesis of cardiac diseases].
AB  - Antimyolemmal antibodies can be demonstrated in sera of patients with coxsackie
      B, influenza, mumps and Q-fever perimyocarditis, in sera of patients with
      postpericardiotomy and postinfarction syndromes, in part of the sera of patients
      with endocarditis and in some patients with dilated heart disease most likely due
      to secondary immunopathogenesis after perimyocarditis. Antimyolemmal antibodies
      in titres greater than 1: 40 are complement fixing and cytolytic when added to
      cultures of vital myocytes. In vitro cardiocytolysis indicates that humoral
      effector mechanisms could also play a pathogenetic role in vivo. In vitro
      antibody dependent and independent cellular cytotoxicity of patients lymphocytes
      against isolated cardiocytes could not be observed in perimyocarditis and
      postmyocarditic cardiomyopathy. It could be demonstrated, however, in patients
      with postpericardiotomy syndrome and in some patients with dilated
      cardiomyopathies. Immunological investigations are therefore not only of
      diagnostic significance but have widened our knowledge of the etiology and
      pathogenesis of perimyocardial diseases. Furthermore they are helpful in the
      follow-up and prognosis of patients with protracted perimyocardial affections.

PMID- 6376301
TI  - [Stimulation of wound healing by tetrachlordecaoxide. Results of a randomized
      double-blind study].
AB  - In 38 patients with chronic therapeutically resistant wounds, which, in 25 cases,
      had been existing for more than one year, Tetrachlorodecaoxide ( TCDO ) in a
      water solution containing glycerin was analyzed for its capacity to induce wound
      healing and compared in this respect to the standard in moist wound treatment,
      physiological sodium chloride. The results of the clinical trial demonstrate that
      the TCDO solution is significantly superior to physiological saline in local
      wound treatment regarding the degree of wound smear reduction, the formation of
      wound granulation tissue, the stimulation of epithelisation on the wound borders
      and the shrinking of the wound surface. The differences in therapeutic efficiency
      are so large that, in spite of the relatively small patient samples (21 + 17) it
      was possible to verify the superiority of a method for wound treatment in a
      randomized double blind clinical trial.

PMID- 6376302
TI  - [Endoscopic methods in gastroenterology and gynecology. Completion of diagnostic
      pelviscopy by endoscopic abdominal surgery].
AB  - Diseases affecting the female reproductive organs often raise differential
      diagnostic problems in the field of gastroenterology. Diagnostic pelviscopy
      represents the most reliable means for the diagnostic clarification of
      alterations of the adnexa, appendicitis irritable colon, genital endometriosis
      etc. Today, 10 years after its development this technique, which usefully
      supplements the x-ray and ultrasonic examination, has advanced so far that
      immediately after the diagnostic procedure, surgical therapy follows in a high
      percentage of cases during the same procedure. Thus in Kiel surgical pelviscopy
      replaces today till 50% of the classic laparotomies (e.g. adhaesiolysis,
      adnexectomy, myoma-enucleation, coagulation of endometriotic spots, appendectomy,
      fimbrioplasty, salpingostomy etc.). As a result not only is the duration of
      ectopic diseases considerably shortened but also the hospitalization time and in
      particular the time of convalescence is also reduced to a minimum.

PMID- 6376303
TI  - ["One need not be a fakir or guru." Biofeedback as an interdisciplinary research
      technic].
AB  - With the technique of biofeedback it has become possible for humans to enter into
      a direct and objective dialogue with their body functions. By this method one
      can, for example, try to reduce muscle tension, increase peripheral blood flow or
      influence cortical activity. It has been clinically applied in neuromuscular
      rehabilitation, as an adjunct therapy of cardiovascular disorders such as cardiac
      arrhythmias and hypertension, in the treatment of headache and epileptic seizures
      as well as for bodily relaxation.

PMID- 6376304
TI  - ["100 years' service to man." Milestones of the Hoechst Pharmaceutical Company].

PMID- 6376305
TI  - Pine Mountain--a clinic with a history.

PMID- 6376306
TI  - [Immunohistochemical study of gliosis in the brain of aged and patients with
      dementia].

PMID- 6376307
TI  - [The genetic study on the mechanism of thymineless death in Escherichia coli].

PMID- 6376308
TI  - The differential effect of intragastric and intravenous tryptophan on plasma
      glucose, insulin, glucagon, GLI and GIP in the fasted rat.
AB  - L-tryptophan was given to fasted rats intragastrically or intravenously at a dose
      of 500 of 166 mg/kg b.w., respectively. Mean (+/- SEM) plasma insulin levels rose
      after both stimuli and at 10, 30 and 45 min were 63 +/- 26, 86 +/- 25, 48 +/- 7
      mU/l after oral, and 28 +/- 4, 25 +/- 6, 19 +/- 6 mU/l after intravenous
      administration, respectively; plasma tryptophan levels at the above intervals
      during the oral study were 27%, 60% and 128%, respectively of those during the
      intravenous study. Plasma GIP levels rose only after intragastric tryptophan
      administration, and plasma GLI levels did not change in response to either
      intragastric or intravenous tryptophan. Intragastric tryptophan consistently
      raised plasma pancreatic glucagon levels which were significantly higher than
      those observed in control rats given saline, 5, 10, 30 and 45 min after
      administration. The rise in plasma glucagon was attributed to the glucagonotropic
      effect of GIP.

PMID- 6376309
TI  - Effect of in vivo plasma insulin levels on the relationship between perfusate
      free fatty acid concentration and triglyceride secretion by perfused rat livers.
AB  - Previous evidence has indicated that plasma concentrations of insulin and free
      fatty acid (FFA) play crucial roles in regulation of hepatic triglyceride (TG)
      secretion. To further define the relationship between these variables, we have
      assessed the effect of pre-existing ambient insulin levels on the ability of
      perfusate FFA concentrations to stimulate TG secretion by perfused livers from
      five groups of rats. The groups and their mean plasma in vivo insulin
      concentrations were as follows: sucrose-fed (49 microU/ml), control (35
      microU/ml), moderate streptozotocin-induced insulin deficiency (24 microU/ml),
      semi-starved control (11 microU/ml), and severe streptozotocin-induced insulin
      deficiency (6 microU/ml). Hepatic TG secretion by perfused rat livers from all
      five groups was stimulated by increments in perfusate FFA concentration. However,
      the magnitude of the stimulation of hepatic TG secretion by any given perfusate
      FFA concentration varied considerably among the groups, and appeared to be
      directly related to the height of the in vivo insulin concentrations. These
      results indicate that TG secretion by perfused rat livers is related to perfusate
      FFA concentrations, but emphasize the importance that pre-existing ambient
      insulin levels have in modulating the quantitative nature of this relationship.

PMID- 6376311
TI  - Lipoproteins, insulin and glycaemic control in diabetes.

PMID- 6376310
TI  - Induction of hepatocyte stimulating activity by T3 and appearance of the activity
      despite inhibition of DNA synthesis by adriamycin.
AB  - A hepatocyte stimulating activity (HSA) has been extracted from rats that had
      received an injection of a pharmacological dose of T3 20 hours earlier. The
      injection of HSA from T3-treated rats into different recipient rats that had
      previously had 40% of their liver removed resulted in a significant increase in
      hepatic DNA synthesis. The injection of saline or HSA from normal rat liver had
      little or no effect on hepatic DNA synthesis in recipient rats. HSA from the T3
      treated rats also stimulated DNA synthesis in Novikoff hepatoma cells and primary
      hepatocytes in culture, and in isolated normal rat liver nuclei in a nuclear
      incorporating system. In further experiments in which the increased DNA synthesis
      that follows partial hepatectomy was blocked by adriamycin, HSA appeared in these
      non-regenerating livers. This latter observation had indicated that the
      development of HSA is not merely an accompaniment of DNA synthesis.

PMID- 6376312
TI  - Primary pulmonary malignant lymphoma, clinical and pathological findings,
      immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies in 15 cases.
AB  - Fifteen cases of primary pulmonary malignant lymphoma (M.L.) were studied using
      strict criteria to distinguish them from secondary pulmonary manifestations. All
      were M.L.'s of the lymphoid B type. Diagnosis on the basis of non specific
      clinical, X-ray and endoscopic findings if often difficult but can be facilitated
      by the systematic use of immunocytochemical and ultrastructural techniques. Their
      evolution is in good agreement with the prognostic data given by the Kiel-Lennert
      histopathological classification. 14 of the patients had M.L. of low grade
      malignancy; the one case of high grade malignancy was quickly fatal. A few cases
      appeared as a complication of a preexisting dysimmune disease (Pigeon breeder's
      disease, Gougerot-Sjogren disease, Liebow's lymphomatoid granulomatosis).

PMID- 6376313
TI  - Cytochemistry and ultrastructure in lymphoma and leukemia: utility in the
      diagnosis of different leukemias and the recognition of subtypes of
      lymphoproliferative disorders.
AB  - This review is based on the findings of multiparameter studies performed on cells
      obtained from over 200 cases of leukemia and illustrates the wide range of
      laboratory tests currently available for cell phenotype identification.
      Immunological techniques are not discussed and the review deals mainly with light
      and electron microscopic cytochemistry, transmission (TEM) and scanning electron
      microscopy (SEM). The importance of light microscopic cytochemistry is clearly
      demonstrated. In particular, paranuclear acid phosphatase, non-specific esterase
      (NSE) and diaminopeptidase staining are recommended as reliable T-cell markers.
      Ultrastructural identification of unclassified leukemic cells using techniques to
      detect myeloperoxidase, acid phosphatase, platelet peroxide (PPO) and NSE, is
      shown to be of great importance in cases of early myelo-monoblastic
      differentiation with negative light microscopic cytochemistry. SEM is also shown
      to be a reliable means of distinguishing lymphoid and non-lymphoid leukemia when
      some degree of differentiation is present. However SEM does not appear to
      contribute in the diagnosis of unclassified leukemia. The new scanning
      immunoelectron microscopy (SIEM) technique employing heteroantisera or monoclonal
      antibodies conjugated to latex microspheres (immunolatex) to detect surface
      receptors and specific antigens is also illustrated. This technique displays the
      topography of surface antigens on the cell surface of leukemic cells in 3
      dimension and facilitates simultaneous visualization of the surface architecture
      of the labelled cells.

PMID- 6376314
TI  - Treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with chemoradiotherapy and allogenic marrow
      transplantation.
AB  - Twenty patients with disseminated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who failed conventional
      combination chemotherapy were treated with high-dose chemoradiotherapy and marrow
      transplantation from an HLA-identical sibling. Four patients remain alive in
      complete remission from 153 to 784 days after transplant. The reason for failure
      in eight cases was persistence or relapse of lymphoma. In the other eight cases,
      death was due to a complication of the transplant procedure including
      interstitial pneumonia, veno-occlusive disease of the liver, graft-versus-host
      disease, or infection. These results appear similar to those previously observed
      in patients with acute leukemia in relapse in that a small but significant
      proportion of patients with otherwise end-stage disease may achieve prolonged
      complete remission after intensive chemoradiotherapy and allogeneic marrow
      transplantation.

PMID- 6376315
TI  - Criteria for the cytologic subclassification of follicular lymphomas: a proposed
      alternative method.

PMID- 6376316
TI  - Chronic myelogenous leukemia and genetic events at 9q34.
AB  - Assessment of cytogenetic patterns associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia
      (CML) suggests that genetic events at band q34 of chromosome nine are critical in
      the conversion of benign to malignant hematopoiesis. A break at this band is
      identified in almost all cases of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) positive CML, is
      also noted in some cases of Ph1 negative CML and cannot be excluded in the
      remaining cases. The human cellular homolog of the Abelson retrovirus oncogene (c
      abl) is situated at band 9q34 and is translocated with the genetic sequences
      distal to the break point at this site in Ph1 positive disease. This oncogene has
      been shown experimentally to transform pre-B cells and it is expressed in
      primitive cells of the granulocytic series which are involved in CML. Although
      the break in CML chromosomes at 9q34 and the location of c-abl at 9q34 could be
      unrelated, it seems more likely that the two genetic events are associated with
      evolution of malignant hematopoiesis of man.

PMID- 6376317
TI  - The prognostic significance of large mediastinal masses in the treatment of
      Hodgkin's disease. The experience of the Institut Gustave-Roussy.
AB  - At the Institut Gustave-Roussy we undertook a study of 154 patients with clinical
      stages I and II Hodgkin's disease treated by irradiation to evaluate the
      prognostic significance of the mediastinal mass size. The population under study
      included those patients treated at our institute and entered into the H2 and H5
      E.O.R.T.C. trials between 1972 and 1981. Patients were divided into three groups
      for purposes of analysis; large mediastinal masses (MT ratio greater than or
      equal to 0.35) were noted in 20 cases (13 per cent), moderate mediastinal
      invasion (MT ratio less than 0.35) was observed in 60 cases (39 per cent), and 74
      patients (48 per cent) had no mediastinal involvement on presentation.
      Intrathoracic relapses were more frequent in those patients with mediastinal
      involvement at presentation (p less than 0.001) but there was no statistically
      significant difference between those patients with 'large' masses and patients
      with 'small' masses. Additionally multivariate analyses showed that neither the
      presence nor the size of mediastinal disease adversely affected relapse free
      survival or overall survival. These results can perhaps be linked to the
      technique of radiotherapy where a 'split course' technique was habitually used
      for large masses and the radiation fields were routinely modified during
      treatment according to the tumour response. Consequently we do not advocate the
      routine use of extensive primary treatment such as combined modality therapy
      utilizing MOPP chemotherapy for all patients presenting with bulky mediastinal
      masses. Rather chemotherapy should be reserved for those tumours which are
      particularly voluminous (MT ratio greater than 0.50) where primary radiotherapy
      may potentially result in unsatisfactory late pulmonary complications. We also
      advise the use of combined modality therapy for those patients who may
      additionally have certain unfavourable prognostic factors which we have
      previously identified.

PMID- 6376319
TI  - AIDS: a research and clinical bibliography.

PMID- 6376318
TI  - The role of MOPP chemotherapy in early stage Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 6376320
TI  - Synthesis of the C-terminal undeca- and protected docosapeptide of bovine insulin
      B-chain.
AB  - The synthesis of two C-terminal peptides of bovine insulin B-chain are described.
      Thus, insulin fragments (B9-30) and ( B20 -30) were synthesized using
      nitrobenzoylglycyl -poly-(oxyethylene) as the soluble support. 4-Carboxy-2
      nitrobenzyl ester of Boc-alanine was coupled to glycyl-poly(oxyethylene) and the
      syntheses were continued employing symmetrical anhydrides of Boc-amino acids. The
      protected peptides were cleaved from the support by photolysis and were purified
      on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. All the protecting groups of a sample of the
      undecapeptide were removed with liquid HF and the unprotected peptide was
      purified on CM-cellulose. The synthesized peptides were gas chromatographically
      tested for the racemization of the individual amino acids. The results indicated
      that no residue was significantly racemized .

PMID- 6376321
TI  - The biological potency of covalent insulin-receptor complexes. Dependence on site
      of cross-linkage.
AB  - A radioactive photosensitive insulin analogue, 125I-N epsilon B29-(4-azido-2
      nitrophenyl-acetyl)insulin, was covalently bound to the receptors of isolated rat
      adipocytes by irradiation with UV light. This caused a stimulation of
      lipogenesis. The relative potency of the covalent complexes to that of normal
      reversible complexes was calculated by comparing the amounts of radioactivity
      required to be covalently or reversibly bound by adipocytes to cause the same
      levels of stimulation. For several different occupancies , this relative potency
      was constant at 50 +/- 3%. Previous studies had shown that the relative potency
      of covalently bound 125I-N alpha B2-(4-azido-2- nitrophenylacetyl )des- PheB1 
      insulin was only 25 +/- 4% under identical conditions. This demonstrates that the
      sites of crosslinking have a marked effect on the potency of the covalent hormone
      receptor complex. It appears that attachment through the C-terminus of the B
      chain leads to a better stabilization of the biologically active form than
      linking through the more flexible N-terminus.

PMID- 6376322
TI  - The cardiomyopathies: a review of terminology, pathology and pathogenesis.
AB  - A classification of the cardiomyopathies based on functional and morphological
      features is outlined, a detailed account of the pathology of each type is
      presented and possible pathogenetic mechanisms are reviewed. Myocarditis and its
      relationship to cardiomyopathy is considered and the main morphological and
      aetiological factors are presented.

PMID- 6376324
TI  - Characterization of retraction spaces in basal cell carcinoma using an antibody
      to type IV collagen.
AB  - 'Retraction spaces' observed in 18 of 30 basal cell carcinomas were readily
      classified into two distinct types using the PAP immunoperoxidase technique and
      an antibody to human type IV collagen, raised in rabbits. In processing
      artefacts, true retraction spaces were observed between the epithelial cells and
      the basal lamina, while in areas of stromal mucinous change, accumulation of
      mucinous material resulted in clear spaces separating the normal stroma from the
      overlying basal lamina.

PMID- 6376323
TI  - Clinical and immunopathologic study of mesangial IgM nephropathy: report of 41
      cases.
AB  - Forty-one out of 408 cases (or 10%) of primary glomerular disease had diffuse
      fine granular to arc-like short linear mesangial deposits of IgM by direct
      immunofluorescence. The IgM deposition was accompanied by C1q and/or C4 in the
      same locality in 29 cases, by C3 in 10, and by trace amounts of IgA in 6.
      Properdin-factor B was not detected. Fine granular electron dense deposits of low
      density were detected in the mesangium in all 41 cases by electron microscopy,
      usually as a discrete granular or arc-like pattern beneath the mesangial
      glomerular basement membrane and correlated well with the immunofluorescence
      findings. An immune complex disease with complement activation via the classical
      pathway is suggested. The ages of the patients varied from 2 to 58 years (average
      23.8 years). A male predominance of 2.2:1 was identified. Serum IgM level was
      elevated in 46.7% of the cases. The majority (87.8%) of the cases manifested a
      nephrotic syndrome or relapse at time of biopsy, and the remaining cases
      experienced persistent or intermittent proteinuria. Among the 36 nephrotic
      patients, 22 cases (61.1%) demonstrated complete remission with steroid therapy,
      9 cases (25%) were resistant, and 5 cases (13.9%) had partial remission. Complete
      and partial remissions were later achieved with cytotoxic drugs or
      methylprednisolone pulse therapy in 3 and 4 cases respectively in the steroid
      resistant patients. Frequent relapses occurred during the course in 22 out of 32
      cases (68.8%) who had experienced complete or partial remission. Follow-up study
      after biopsy demonstrated that sustained complete remission was achieved with
      prednisolone with or without cytotoxic drugs and pulse therapy in only 14 (42.4%)
      of the 33 nephrotic cases who had been followed up for longer than 6 months, and
      six of them had had previous relapses. Pathologically, 56.1% of the patients
      showed mild to moderate increase in mesangial matrix and cellularity. Focal and
      segmental sclerosis was demonstrated in four cases (9.8%). However, minimal
      glomerular change was also common (34.1%). The patients with minimal change
      seemed to have a higher complete remission rate than patients with more evident
      glomerular alterations, although the difference was not statistically
      significant. This clinical and immunopathological study suggests that mesangial
      IgM nephropathy is an important disease in Taiwan, with a variable response to
      treatment and frequent relapses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6376325
TI  - Reticulin and its related structural connective tissue proteins in the rheumatoid
      synovium.
AB  - Argyrophilic reticulin fibres are an important component of the rheumatoid
      synovium and their distribution and that of their individual protein constituents
      have been studied in synovial biopsies from a series of 29 cases of rheumatoid
      arthritis. In acutely inflamed synovia they are predominantly found underneath
      the hyperplastic synovial lining layer and related to the inflammatory cell
      infiltrate. With developing chronicity the reticulin network is gradually
      replaced by mature collagen. This histological pattern is mirrored by changes in
      the individual components of reticulin fibres-fibronectin, the non-collagenous
      reticulin component of Pras and Glynn (NCRC) and collagen type III.

PMID- 6376326
TI  - A critical investigation of the Oxford tumour marker Ca1 in the histological
      diagnosis of breast cancer and pre-cancer.
AB  - Ca1 antibody reacted focally with all of the 20 cancers examined, but also with
      12 out of 13 fibroadenomata and with each of 20 normal breasts. These
      observations indicate that there are severe limitations to the use of Ca1
      antibody for defining benign versus malignant processes. Ca1 is most specific in
      terms of the cytoplasmic staining of tumours versus normal tissues. If a
      hierarchy of maximal staining is drawn up, cancers and fibroadenomata appear at
      the top, with normal tissue found in various types of breast in the middle, and
      non-neoplastic lesion such as epitheliosis, hyperplasia and apocrine change at
      the bottom of the hierarchy. There is a growing list of non-cancerous tissues
      which show reactivity to Ca1. In July 1983 this list numbered about 15. The
      designation 'Ca' is inappropriate.

PMID- 6376327
TI  - Quality assurance: a literature review of a changing field.
AB  - The activities and interests of quality assurance programs have changed
      dramatically in recent years, in response to the government's, the public's, and
      the health care field's concerns with spiraling health care costs and diminishing
      health care funds. Using the recent literature on quality assurance in the mental
      health field, the author discusses how a changing political and social climate
      has affected the evolution of quality assurance programs--who runs them and who
      participates in them, what activities they encompass, their methodological
      challenges, how they have coped with their new responsibilities, and what lies
      ahead for them.

PMID- 6376328
TI  - Medi-Cal contracting: model or mayhem?

PMID- 6376329
TI  - A versatile identification method applied to analysis of respiratory mechanics.

PMID- 6376331
TI  - Henry Kunkel. 1916-1983.

PMID- 6376330
TI  - T-cell-derived lymphokines that induce IgM and IgG secretion in activated murine
      B cells.

PMID- 6376332
TI  - Macrophage antitumor activity in vitro. Comparative analysis of cytolytic,
      cytostatic, and cytotoxic activities of mouse macrophages and human monocytes.
AB  - Mouse peritoneal M phi and human blood monocytes were assayed for their antitumor
      activity in vitro with a cytolysis, a cytostasis and a cytotoxicity test
      performed in parallel. Both natural and stimulus-induced M phi antitumor
      capacities were assessed. Results indicate that natural cytolytic activity of
      unstimulated M phi is generally unable to restrict final tumor cell growth, since
      it is not coupled with cytostatic capacity. In contrast, exposure of M phi in
      vitro to either MAF or IFN-beta, besides augmenting M phi cytolytic capacity,
      induced a very significant cytostatic activity and thus efficiently restricted
      the survival of tumor cells.

PMID- 6376334
TI  - A tribute. Erwin Neter, M.D. 26 May 1909 to 2 November 1983.

PMID- 6376333
TI  - Morphology, kinetics and secretory activity of antibody-forming cells.
AB  - Specific antibody-forming cells from spleen, bone marrow and popliteal lymph
      nodes were studied in mice after subcutaneous priming and intravenous boosting
      with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Functional antibody-secreting capacity of
      these cells was correlated with their morphology at the cell population level.
      For this purpose, cells synthesizing anti-HRP antibody from the same cell
      suspensions were studied simultaneously by light and electron microscopy and by a
      plaque assay. It appeared that the population of cells responsible for antibody
      synthesis as well as antibody secretion was morphologically heterogeneous:
      besides plasma cells, considerable numbers of antibody-forming lymphocytes,
      antibody-forming plasmablasts and antibody-forming immature plasma cells were
      observed. Immature plasma cells constituted the majority of antibody-forming as
      well as antibody-secreting cells. Among the immature plasma cells in the
      popliteal lymph nodes proliferation occurred. Evidence is presented that the
      light-microscopically identified mature plasma cell is not the main antibody
      forming cell. It does not show 3H-Thymidine incorporation and should be
      considered as a non-dividing end-cell.

PMID- 6376335
TI  - A modified microchamber method for chemotaxis and chemokinesis.
AB  - A 48 well chemotaxis microchamber, originally designed for use with polycarbonate
      filters, was used with nitrocellulose filters to quantitate chemotaxis and
      chemokinesis of granulocytes. Various features of the microchamber were compared
      to Boyden chambers. The accuracy and reproducibility of the method were found to
      be comparable to Boyden chambers in the variability between individual readings
      and superior in the variability between replicate values. Concentrations of
      optimal doses of chemoattractant for chemotaxis and chemokinesis were similar
      using both types of chamber. The data indicates that this method may be useful in
      studying components of the chemotactic response which require the use of
      cellulose filters. Advantages of this method over standard Boyden chambers
      include the use of a single filter rather than individual, non-identical filters
      and a reduction in the number of cells required, particularly for pediatric
      testing or in neutropenic patients.

PMID- 6376337
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to rat renal antigens.
AB  - We have developed hybridoma cell lines which secrete monoclonal antibodies to
      some rat renal antigens, namely the brush border of proximal tubular epithelium
      and the cytoplasm of tubular cells. The immunoglobulin class of the hybridoma was
      found to be IgG1. Specific antibody activity against either glomerular basement
      membrane (GBM) and tubular basement membrane (TBM) or Bowman's capsule and a part
      of TBM was observed, although these hybridoma cell lines have not yet been
      successfully established. In particular, the hybridoma secreting antibodies to
      TBM did not remain stable during antibody production, and was lost during the
      culture and cloning procedures. These monoclonal antibodies should be of value in
      research on the pathogenesis of human glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 6376336
TI  - Surface antigens of immunoprotective leukaemia x fibroblast hybrid cells which
      have lost malignant properties in histocompatible mice differ from the malignant
      parental cells.
AB  - Somatic hybrids of ASL-1 leukaemia cells and LM(TK-) fibroblast cells,
      established mouse cell lines, are rejected by immunocompetent histocompatible
      mice; however, they grow progressively in nude mice and proliferate indefinitely
      in vitro. Mice rejecting such hybrid cells exhibit immunity toward ASL-1
      leukaemia cells, used as one of the parents in forming the hybrid. In
      histocompatible recipients, ASL-1 cells are highly malignant, but LM(TK-) cells
      are rejected. Several distinguishing characteristics in the properties of the
      surface antigens of the three cell types are described. ASL-1 cells and hybrid
      cells but not LM(TK-) cells form an antigenically cross-reactive leukaemia
      associated antigen; however, it is not detected on the surface membranes of ASL-1
      cells taken directly from leukaemic mice. The antigen becomes apparent after
      short-term culture of the cells. Serum from leukaemic animals, unlike specific
      antibodies, has no effect upon the expression of the leukaemia-associated antigen
      of either hybrid or ASL-1 cells. Hybrid cells form a 'second' antigen, foreign to
      F1 mice, which can be distinguished from the leukaemia-associated antigen of ASL
      1 cells. It is not detected on either parental cell. The leukaemia-associated
      antigen of ASL-1 cells is more readily digested by each of three proteases used
      than the analogous antigen of hybrid cells. The heightened immunogenic properties
      of hybrid cells is reflected by the observation that spleen cells from mice
      injected with hybrid cells undergo extensive proliferation in short-term in vitro
      culture, with or without an added specific stimulus.

PMID- 6376338
TI  - Immunohistological characterization of lymphoid cell populations in the early
      human placental bed.
AB  - The distribution of leukocytes in first trimester human decidual tissue has been
      studied by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies in an indirect immunoperoxidase
      technique on acetone-fixed cryostat sections. The results indicate that bone
      marrow-derived cells are abundant in the placental bed and a proportion of these
      are HLA-DR positive. However, a major leukocyte population in the decidua of
      early pregnancy is of cells which carry the E-rosette receptor but which do not
      express peripheral pan-T cell antigens nor HLA-DR. The distribution of these
      cells suggests that they are endometrial granulocytes. A similar large number of
      cells express OKT 10, a marker of immature or activated cells. The presence of
      this unusual T lineage cell raises the possibility that a form of lymphocyte
      processing is occurring in the decidua in early pregnancy, perhaps in response to
      foetal antigens presented on trophoblast.

PMID- 6376339
TI  - [The possibility of influencing the cicatrization processes in burn disease.
      Experimental and clinical study].

PMID- 6376341
TI  - New techniques and fresh concepts in eyelid surgery.

PMID- 6376340
TI  - Skin graft rejection in mice repopulated with marrow of the skin donor type: a
      Skn gene in a congenic line.
AB  - Genetically anemic W/Wv mice and lethally irradiated wild-type mice were cured
      and populated by grafted marrow cells from donor mice of three congenic lines
      that differed at non-H-2 histocompatibility loci. Tail skin from mice of the same
      congenic lines was grafted 3-4 weeks later. In two cases, the recipients behaved
      as expected, no longer rejecting skin syngeneic with the marrow graft that had
      repopulated them. However, B6-H-24c skin was rejected by WBB6F1-W/Wv mice that
      were cured with B6-H-24c marrow showing a mean survival time of 9.9 weeks. It was
      rejected somewhat faster, with a mean survival time of 5.9 weeks, by W/Wv mice
      cured with marrow from other types of donors. Results were more variable in
      lethally irradiated WBB6F1-+/+ recipients of B6-H-24c marrow, but they also
      rejected B6-H-24c skin. Both types of recipients remained chimeras after the skin
      was rejected, showing more than 90% of the B6-H-24c hemoglobin type. This is the
      first report of a Skn gene in a congenic line.

PMID- 6376342
TI  - Persistent elevation of intraocular pressure following keratoplasty.

PMID- 6376343
TI  - Changes in leucocyte sodium transport in normotensive relatives of hypertensive
      subjects. Dissociation from blood pressure.
AB  - It has been postulated that depressed membrane sodium transport is a necessary
      step in blood pressure elevation in essential hypertension. Accordingly,
      leucocyte sodium efflux-rate constants were estimated in 14 normotensive subjects
      who had one or more first-degree relatives with essential hypertension, and also
      in 14 matched control subjects with no such family history, before and after
      taking bendrofluazide for 7 days. Efflux rates in the controls did not change
      after the diuretic. However, in the relatives, mean total sodium efflux-rate
      constant was at first significantly depressed but later rose to normal with the
      diuretic. This was due almost entirely to an increase in glycoside-sensitive
      sodium pump activity. Blood pressure remained unchanged in both groups. Thus,
      assuming that perturbations in leucocytes reflect similar abnormalities in other
      cell lines, major changes in sodium transport in the normotensive individual
      without accompanying changes in blood pressure suggest that, while these changes
      may be a marker for later hypertension, they do not participate directly in blood
      pressure control.

PMID- 6376344
TI  - Purification of hog kidney renin with immobilized monoclonal antirenin.
AB  - Spleen cells from mice immunized with partially purified hog kidney renin were
      fused with mouse myeloma cells to produce a stable monoclonal hybridoma cell line
      that synthesizes an antibody against renin. A single monoclonal antibody was
      chosen for study and has been produced in large quantity and purified by affinity
      chromatography on protein A-Sepharose. The antirenin, which belongs to the IgG1
      subclass, exhibits anticatalytic activity against both hog and rabbit renin. An
      immunoaffinity column prepared from antibody coupled to Sepharose has been used
      in the purification of renin from hog kidney. Although renin is quantitatively
      adsorbed from solution, it can be eluted from the column under gentle conditions.
      The highly purified renin, with specific activity of 2122 Goldblatt Units/mg
      protein, exhibits both charge (pH 4.1 to 5.1) and size (38,000 to 42,700)
      heterogeneity. Hog kidney renin dissociates in the presence of sodium dodecyl
      sulfate (SDS) and mercaptoethanol to heavy and light chains with molecular
      weights of 33,700 and 5,800, respectively. In the presence of SDS, a small amount
      of a nw form of renin is observed with a molecular weight of 19,500 which retains
      activity on renaturation. The monoclonal antibody should be a useful tool for the
      study of the renin-angiotensin system and especially for the purification of
      renin. The hybridoma cell line used in this study (F-32 VIII C4) has been donated
      to the American Type Culture Collection.

PMID- 6376345
TI  - Effects of sodium depletion on inactive and active renin from dog kidney and
      plasma.
AB  - The relationship of active renin and inactive renin (trypsin-activated
      angiotensin-I-forming enzyme) to sodium depletion was examined in renal and
      peripheral plasma and at the subcellular level in the kidneys of dogs.
      Subcellular fractionation was carried out by discontinuous sucrose density (1.5
      and 1.6 M) centrifugation. Sodium depletion selectively caused a six- to
      sevenfold increase in the renal content of inactive and active renins in the
      original homogenate, while the subcellular distribution patterns of these enzymes
      were little changed. Of the total granule fractions of 1.5 M sucrose (F1), 1.6 M
      sucrose (F2), and sediment (F3), approximately 80% of inactive renin was
      recovered in F1, which was rich in microsomes, while about 50% of active renin
      was in F2. The ratio of inactive to active renin was 0.02 in F1 and 0.003 to
      0.004 in F2. Sodium depletion also caused a 20-fold increase in active renin and
      a twofold increase in inactive renin in peripheral plasma. The renal venous
      arterial concentration difference of inactive renin was statistically significant
      in low-sodium dogs, although it was not significant in controls. The ratio of
      inactive to active renin was 0.2 to 0.4 in plasma from low-sodium dogs, while it
      was 1.5 to 3 in plasma from control dogs. These results suggest that plasma
      inactive renin originates, at least in part, in the kidney.

PMID- 6376346
TI  - Polyuria, polydypsia, and hypertension produced by a six-day intravenous infusion
      of prostaglandin E1 in the conscious dog.
AB  - The effects of a continuous intravenous infusion of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on
      mean arterial pressure (MAP), sodium and water balance, and plasma renin activity
      (PRA) were examined in 10 conscious dogs maintained on a 70 to 75 mEq/day sodium
      intake. In a crossover pattern, each dog received 6 days of intravenous PGE1 (0.1
      micrograms/kg/min) and 6 days of intravenous diluent. When compared to diluent,
      intravenous PGE1 resulted in a mild sustained rise in MAP. By Day 6 the
      intravenous PGE1, MAP had increased from 98 +/- 4 to 112 +/- 5 mm Hg (mean +/-
      SE) (p less than 0.04). Concurrent with the MAP increase, PRA increased from 0.6
      +/- 0.2 to 3.1 +/- 0.7 ng angiotensin I (AI)/ml/hr (p less than 0.03). To assess
      the role of the renin-angiotensin system in the maintenance of the systemic
      hypertension. AI converting-enzyme inhibitor was given to four dogs on Day 6 of
      both intravenous PGE1 and diluent. Only when the dogs were receiving PGE1 did the
      administration of converting-enzyme inhibitor result in a significant decrease in
      MAP (-19 +/- 5 mm Hg). In addition to increasing arterial pressure, the chronic
      infusion of PGE1 also produced changes in salt and water balance. When compared
      to diluent, PGE1 resulted in a twofold increase in both water intake and urine
      output, an increase in urinary sodium excretion (from 72 +/- 3 to 84 +/- 6
      mEq/day, p less than 0.05, on Day 1), and a decrease in urine osmolality (from
      942 +/- 82 to 586 +/- 61 mOsmol/kg H2O/day, p less than 0.05, on Day 1).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6376347
TI  - [The split palatal plate].

PMID- 6376348
TI  - [Improvement in re-entering obturated root canals].

PMID- 6376349
TI  - [Discontinuity of pain and the thinking of 18th century physiologists].

PMID- 6376350
TI  - [Professional practice and acoustic problems in the dental office].

PMID- 6376351
TI  - [Noise in the daily operations of dental surgeons].

PMID- 6376352
TI  - [Use of a photopolymerized microfilled composite for improvement in the esthetic
      aspects of teeth discolored by tetracyclines. Presentation of a clinical case].

PMID- 6376353
TI  - Protection against fatal Klebsiella pneumoniae burn wound sepsis by passive
      transfer of anticapsular polysaccharide.
AB  - Klebsiella pneumoniae KP1-0 capsular polysaccharide (PS) was isolated from
      culture supernatants by coprecipitation with N-cetyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium
      bromide. PS was composed primarily of carbohydrate and contained less than 1%
      (wt/wt) protein and nucleic acids. The protective capacity of passively
      transferred anti-PS was evaluated in a murine burn wound sepsis model. Anti-PS
      antibody was found to offer high levels of protection (P less than or equal to
      0.02) against a low challenge dose of K. pneumoniae KP1-0. The 50% lethal dose
      for mice which received anti-PS antibody was increased from 10- to 40-fold over
      that for mice which received normal rabbit serum. Anti-PS antibody was found to
      be most effective at reducing mortality when administered before the challenge.
      In experiments designed to monitor the course of the infection, anti-PS was found
      to both delay the onset of bacteremia and reduce bacterial counts in the blood.
      Optimal protection against fatal burn wound sepsis was obtained by the use of a
      combined antibiotic and passive antibody therapy regimen.

PMID- 6376354
TI  - Intracellular growth of Legionella pneumophila within Acanthamoeba castellanii
      Neff.
AB  - Acanthamoeba castellanii Neff supports the intracellular growth of Legionella
      pneumophila. When acanthamoebae were exposed to L. pneumophila for 1 h and then
      washed free of unassociated bacteria and placed in liquid culture, levels of
      viable amoeba-associated legionellae and legionellae free in the culture medium
      increased by three to four orders of magnitude in 48 to 72 h. However, most of
      the legionellae remained amoeba-associated and could be cultured only after
      disruption of the amoebae. Furthermore, legionella viability declined rapidly in
      amoeba culture medium alone or when bacteria and amoebae were separated by a
      microporous membrane. Therefore, direct amoeba-legionella contact is required for
      this growth. Infected acanthamoebae treated with cold acetone to permeabilize
      them to fluorescent-labeled anti-L. pneumophila antibody appeared to contain far
      more legionellae than amoebae fixed with glutaraldehyde so as to prevent antibody
      penetration. Electron micrographs of infected A. castellanii showed numerous
      bacteria, including some dividing forms, within vacuoles in the cytoplasm. These
      results together show that A. castellanii is able to provide an intracellular
      niche for the growth of L. pneumophila.

PMID- 6376355
TI  - Molecular homogeneity of heat-stable enterotoxins produced by bovine
      enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.
AB  - Heat-stable enterotoxins (STs) from four strains of bovine enterotoxigenic
      Escherichia coli representing four serogroups were purified to homogeneity by
      utilizing previously published purification schemata. Biochemical
      characterization of the purified STs showed that they met the basic criteria for
      the heat-stable enterotoxins of E. coli. Amino acid analysis of the purified STs
      revealed that they were peptides of identical amino acid composition. This
      composition consisted of 18 residues of 10 different amino acids, 6 of which were
      cysteine. The amino acid composition of the four ST peptides was identical to
      that reported for the STs of human and porcine E. coli. In addition, complete
      sequence analysis of two of the ST peptides and partial sequencing of several
      others revealed strong homology to the sequences of STs from human and porcine E.
      coli and to the sequence predicted from the last 18 codons of the transposon
      Tn1681. There was also substantial homology to the sequence predicted from the ST
      coding genetic element of human E. coli, which may indicate the existence of
      identical bioactive configuration among ST peptides of E. coli strains of various
      host origins. These data support the hypothesis that STs produced by human,
      bovine, and porcine E. coli are coded by a closely related genetic element which
      may have originated from a single, widely disseminated transposon.

PMID- 6376356
TI  - In vivo and in vitro administration of interleukin 2-containing preparation
      reverses T-cell unresponsiveness in Mycobacterium bovis BCG-infected mice.
AB  - Mice infected with high doses of Mycobacterium bovis BCG (3 X 10(7)) showed a
      marked impairment of delayed-type hypersensitivity to PPD in vivo, and their
      splenic T cells failed to proliferate when cultured in vitro with concanavalin A
      or PPD. However, this state of unresponsiveness could be reversed both in vitro
      and in vivo by the administration of an interleukin 2 (IL-2)-containing
      preparation. IL-2 produced spontaneously by the gibbon lymphosarcoma T-cell line
      MLA-144 and T-cell-conditioned medium from a mixed lymphocyte reaction were able
      to increase DNA synthesis of splenic T lymphocytes from BCG-immunosuppressed mice
      cultured with concanavalin A or PPD. Furthermore, BCG-infected mice treated in
      vivo with at least 100 U of IL-2 showed a positive skin reaction to PPD, and
      their spleen cells were fully responsive in vitro. The reversal of BCG-induced
      immunosuppression was not observed when infected mice were injected with IL-2
      preparations previously incubated with blast cells, a procedure known to remove
      IL-2 activity. These results indicate that the basis of BCG-induced
      unresponsiveness is a deficiency in the production of IL-2 rather than a lack of
      reactive T cells.

PMID- 6376357
TI  - In vitro cytotoxic effect of alpha-hemolytic Escherichia coli on human blood
      granulocytes.
AB  - The cytotoxic effect of Escherichia coli bacteria on human blood granulocytes was
      measured by recording numbers of nonlysed cells and percentages of viable cells
      after in vitro incubation with bacteria in the presence of plasma. A total of 179
      strains from various sources of infection were tested. Of 117 alpha-hemolytic
      strains, 59 were cytotoxic. Five nonhemolytic mutant strains, derived from alpha
      hemolytic cytotoxic strains, were nontoxic. None of the 62 nonhemolytic strains
      were toxic. Four spontaneously occurring alpha-hemolytic, nontoxic mutant strains
      were isolated from cytotoxic ones. Cytotoxicity of bacteria reached a maximum
      after log-phase growth at 30 to 37 degrees C for 2.5 h, and the toxic capacity
      was equal after growth in various media, including human urine and plasma. The
      cytotoxic effect increased with the length of exposure of granulocytes to
      bacteria and with increasing numbers of bacteria per granulocyte. Cytotoxic
      strains showed different degrees of toxicity, highly cytotoxic strains lysing
      about 90% of the granulocytes and killing about one-half of nonlysed cells in 1
      h. Bacteria killed by heat, formaldehyde, or UV light were nontoxic. Alpha
      hemolytic strains of O groups 2, 4, 6, 25, and 75 originating from various
      infections in humans were more frequently cytotoxic than alpha-hemolytic strains
      of other O groups derived from human infections. Culture supernatants containing
      free alpha-hemolysin were highly cytotoxic to human blood granulocytes,
      monocytes, and lymphocytes in vitro, whether supernatants originated from
      cytotoxic or noncytotoxic bacteria. Cytotoxicity to phagocytes, which is mediated
      by or closely linked genetically to alpha-hemolysin, may be a mechanism by which
      alpha-hemolytic strains of E. coli strengthen their ability to establish and
      maintain infections.

PMID- 6376358
TI  - Species differences in Kupffer cells and endotoxin sensitivity.
AB  - The relative species sensitivity to Escherichia coli O111:B4 endotoxin was found
      to be guinea pig greater than hamster greater than mouse greater than rat. The
      50% lethal dose of this endotoxin correlated with both the rate at which single
      latex particles were phagocytosed by individual Kupffer cells and the number of
      Kupffer cells in hepatic lobules that phagocytosed latex. The results suggests
      that the intrahepatic density and the level of activation of Kupffer cells
      participate in determining endotoxin sensitivity.

PMID- 6376360
TI  - Specificity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 5 determined with mouse
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Four mouse monoclonal antibodies have been developed which react with
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 5. Each of these monoclonal antibodies has
      been used to prepare immunoabsorbents, and antigen has been isolated from
      unheated M. tuberculosis H37Ra culture filtrate by affinity chromatography with
      these absorbents. Antigen thus obtained was found to be similar in tuberculin
      reactivity and in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to antigen 5 isolated from
      polyclonal immunoabsorbents, and the protein yields from the monoclonal
      immunoabsorbents were similar to those from polyclonal absorbents. Antigen
      recovered from monoclonal absorbents cross-reacted with antigens of Mycobacterium
      kansasii in delayed skin tests. Immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated that the major
      component of the antigens eluted from the monoclonal immunoabsorbents was
      mycobacterial arabinomannan. Antigen 5 was not identified in the eluates by
      immunoelectrophoresis. These observations support the hypothesis that antigen 5
      and M. tuberculosis arabinomannan contain a single major shared epitope.

PMID- 6376359
TI  - Cationic antimicrobial proteins isolated from human neutrophil granulocytes in
      the presence of diisopropyl fluorophosphate.
AB  - Acid (0.2 M sodium acetate, pH 4.0) extracts of granules recovered from disrupted
      human polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs) exhibited in vitro antimicrobial
      activity against Salmonella typhimurium. To minimize proteolytic destruction or
      modification of antimicrobial proteins derived from these granules, we pretreated
      the PMNs with the serine protease inhibitor diisopropyl fluorophosphate.
      Fractionation of such extracts by carboxymethyl Sephadex and Sephadex G-75
      chromatography resulted in the recovery of at least two antimicrobial, cationic
      proteins. These proteins differed substantially in antimicrobial activity, amino
      acid composition, and molecular weight (Mr, 37,000 and 57,000). As we have shown
      before (Shafer et al., Infect. Immun. 43:834-858), with unfractionated proteins,
      these two proteins exhibited diminished activity against a polymyxin B-resistant
      (PBr) mutant of S. typhimurium compared with their activity against the isogenic
      parental polymyxin B-sensitive (PBs) strain. Expression of the relevant mutation
      (prmA) in the PBr mutant decreases the electronegativity of lipid A, owing to
      increased 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinosylation at the 4' phosphate residue (Vaara et
      al., FEBS Lett. 129:145-149). The data suggest that at least two different
      cationic proteins account for the antimicrobial capacity of extracts from human
      PMN granules. Moreover, the availability of anionic charges in the outer membrane
      of S. typhimurium due to free lipid A phosphates apparently dictates phenotypic
      levels of resistance to both of the cationic proteins extracted from human PMN
      granules.

PMID- 6376361
TI  - Relationship between cell surface composition, adherence, and virulence of
      Candida albicans.
AB  - A comparison was made of the adherence to acrylic and to human buccal epithelial
      cells of seven strains of Candida albicans isolated from active infections (I
      strains) and two strains obtained from asymptomatic carriers (C strains). After
      growth in defined medium containing a relatively low concentration (50 mM) of
      glucose as the carbon source, the adherence of I and C strains to either surface
      was similar and all strains were sensitive to spheroplast formation with
      Zymolyase 5000. Growth in medium containing a high concentration (500 mM) of
      sucrose or galactose enhanced the adherence of I strains up to 5- and 11-fold,
      respectively, and there were corresponding increases in resistance to spheroplast
      formation. Sucrose- or galactose-grown C strains showed only small increases in
      adherence and remained relatively sensitive to spheroplast formation. When
      inoculated intravenously into mice, I strains grown in 500 mM sucrose were up to
      five times more virulent than organisms grown in 50 mM glucose, while I strains
      grown in 500 mM galactose showed a 5- to 24-fold increase in virulence. Fifty
      percent lethal doses obtained for C strains were similar after growth on all
      three carbon sources. We conclude that I strains are able to modify their surface
      composition in response to high concentrations of certain sugars in the growth
      environment. Such modification can enhance both their ability to adhere to
      surfaces and their virulence. C strains lack this capability, or possess it to a
      lower degree, and may therefore have a lower pathogenic potential.

PMID- 6376362
TI  - Mouse fibroblast interferon modifies Salmonella typhimurium infection in infant
      mice.
AB  - The effect of mouse fibroblast interferon on Salmonella typhimurium infection in
      infant mice was examined. The lethality to mice that had been given S.
      typhimurium intragastrically was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner
      when the mice were pretreated with fibroblast interferon. Lower doses of
      interferon delayed the development of disease. Interferon neutralized with anti
      interferon globulin did not influence the lethality of S. typhimurium to mice. In
      mice treated with interferon there was also a reduced invasiveness of S.
      typhimurium in intestinal epithelial cells in vivo. It was further demonstrated
      in an in vitro system that interferon pretreatment of mouse L-929 cells inhibited
      the invasiveness of the bacteria in a dose-dependent manner. The in vitro
      inhibition was neutralized with anti-interferon globulin. The results indicate
      that interferon inhibits Salmonella bacteria from invading cells and establishing
      an intracellular state of infection. This may represent an important factor in
      the pathogenesis of disease.

PMID- 6376363
TI  - Demonstration and solubilization of antigens expressed primarily on the surfaces
      of Candida albicans germ tubes.
AB  - Antisera against mycelial-phase, but not yeast-phase, Candida albicans absorbed
      with yeast-phase organisms preferentially stained germ tube segments of several
      strains of mycelial-phase C. albicans by the indirect fluorescent-antibody
      staining technique. Germ tube segment antigens were not found in significant
      amounts on blastospore segments or on yeast-phase organisms. Absorption of the
      mycelial-phase reference sera with yeast-phase C. stellatoidea, but not with C.
      tropicalis, C. guillermondii, or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, resulted in
      preferential germ tube segment staining of C. albicans. A dithiothreitol extract
      of mycelial-phase C. albicans organisms blocked staining of the germ tube
      segment, but a dithiothreitol extract of yeast-phase organisms did not. When
      dithiothreitol extracts from both phases were reacted against yeast-absorbed
      reference sera in tandem crossed and crossed line immunoelectrophoresis, a cross
      reacting arc and several arcs unique to the mycelial-phase extract were noted.
      Immunofluorescent staining tests were performed, using appropriately absorbed
      sera from patients with candidiasis to stain a laboratory strain of C. albicans.
      Human tissue slices infected with C. albicans were used as targets for
      appropriately absorbed rabbit antisera. These human data indicated that antigens
      preferentially expressed on the germ tube in vitro were also expressed on
      filamentous structures of the fungus in infected human tissues. In vitro and in
      vivo, the invasive mycelial phase of C. albicans expresses certain antigens that
      are highly concentrated on the germ tube.

PMID- 6376364
TI  - Genetic factors in host resistance to urinary tract infection.
AB  - In patients with recurrent pyelonephritis, the pathogenetic events proceed
      through intestinal colonization, spread to the urinary tract and persistence,
      seemingly uninterrupted by host defense mechanisms. The factors responsible for
      the deficient bacterial clearence from the kidneys of these patients, and the
      genetic control, have not been identified. The susceptibility to colonization has
      been linked to an increased receptivity for attaching bacteria of the
      uroepithelia, and to an overrepresentation of the P1 blood group phenotype. To
      evaluate the role of defects in host defense for the susceptibility to
      pyelonephritis, experimental UTI in mouse strains with known deficiencies was
      used. A highly significant increase in susceptibility was noted for C3H/HeJ
      compared to C3H/HeN mice. The bacterial recovery was inversely correlated to the
      mitogenic response to LPS. Back-cross analysis revealed a linkage of
      susceptibility to the Lpsd/Lpsd genotype. In contrast, T and B lymphocyte and
      complement (C5) defects had little effect on the clearance of Escherichia coli
      from the kidneys. It is concluded that the inflammatory mechanisms induced by LPS
      are essential for resistance to experimental pyelonephritis.

PMID- 6376365
TI  - Oral vaccination against enteric bacterial infections: an overview.
AB  - The present situation and the future prospects for the use of oral vaccines
      against the major enteric diseases typhoid fever, shigellosis and cholera are
      discussed in this paper. No significant protection could be demonstrated for oral
      inactivated whole-cell vaccines. In contrast, an oral live vaccine based on the
      attenuated Salmonella typhi strain Ty 21a was highly efficacious in volunteer
      challenge studies and in a controlled field trial. Two attenuated strains are
      presently being tested in volunteer studies as candidate vaccines against
      shigellosis; one uses S. typhi Ty 21a and the other Escherichia coli K-12 as the
      carrier for shigella antigens. Experimental challenge studies in volunteers
      showed that recovery from clinical cholera confers solid and long-lasting
      protection. The goal of present research is to develop a vaccine that mimics the
      events of clinical cholera without causing disease.

PMID- 6376367
TI  - A comparison of the Api-10M commercial microdilution system with the tube
      dilution and standard microdilution methods.
AB  - The susceptibilities of urinary isolates of Escherichia coli (50 strains),
      Klebsiella pneumoniae (15 strains) and Proteus mirabilis (15 strains) to
      gentamicin and ampicillin were determined and compared using the following
      methods: standard tube dilution, standard microdilution, commercial microdilution
      and disk diffusion susceptibility tests. Results of susceptibility testing
      performed with the Api- 10M commercial microdilution method agreed with those of
      the tube dilution method in 93% of the tests, but in only 70% of those obtained
      with the standard microdilution method; tube dilution and standard microdilution
      agreed in 85.6% of the cases. All three methods of MIC susceptibility testing
      agreed with the disk diffusion method in 100% of the tests. There was a definite
      tendency for the Api- 10M system to give higher MICs than the tube dilution
      method; the standard microdilution method tended to give lower MICs than those
      obtained by tube dilution and the commercial microdilution system. The Api- 10M
      system is a reliable, simple and accurate method since it correlates very will
      with the tube dilution method.

PMID- 6376366
TI  - Immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy of neonatal group B streptococcal infections.
AB  - With emphasis on work from our laboratory, this paper briefly reviews previous
      studies which have established the basis for immunity to group B streptococcal
      infections. Quantitative data are presented on the concentration of antibody to
      the type-specific polysaccharides of group B streptococci in normal adults and
      infected infants, the protective level in experimental animals, and the influence
      of prematurity on transplacental passage of antibody. The role of the
      polymorphonuclear leukocyte in immunity to group B streptococcal infections is
      critical as supported by in vitro and in vivo experiments as well as clinical
      observations. Strategies for prevention include antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis
      and active immunization. Alternative approaches to adjunctive therapy such as
      administration of specific immune globulin, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and
      exchange transfusions are discussed.

PMID- 6376368
TI  - [Elements of a care plan for a bone marrow transplant patient].

PMID- 6376369
TI  - Autoimmune disease in the dog.

PMID- 6376370
TI  - The adaptation in various languages of standardized periodontal terminology to
      recent acquisitions.
AB  - Before nomenclatorial translation can be begun, an approved definition of the
      term concerned is required, as is a systematic classification of related
      designations. Existing sources are bi- or multi-lingual dictionaries and
      glossaries but relatively few of these cover oral biology and dentistry in
      adequate detail. Much of the terminology developed for specialized fields of
      medicine is applicable to dentistry in general and periodontology in particular
      but the proliferation of new terms in English/American cannot always be matched
      appropriately in other languages. Examples of a uniform periodontal terminology
      in English, French and German--prepared for the impending revision of the FDI
      Dental Lexicon--are tabulated.

PMID- 6376371
TI  - The dentition is intended to last a lifetime.
AB  - During the twentieth century total loss of teeth has become prevalent in many
      countries, for example in New Zealand, in the United Kingdom and also in Finland.
      At age 65 and over more people have lost than retained their teeth in these
      countries. This situation does not, however, seem to represent the development
      originally intended by Nature. In a series of studies it has been possible to
      demonstrate that human teeth erupt with their supporting tissues throughout adult
      life. Between ages 43 and 65 years this eruption is only slightly slower than
      between ages 23 and 43 years. The purpose of this genetically predetermined
      eruption of human teeth seems to be to compensate for the natural wear of the
      occlusal surfaces and incisal edges. It seems that Nature has done its best. Why
      then have so many people lost their teeth in modern society? A review of the
      prevalence of, and the reasons for, edentulousness indicates that the total loss
      of teeth is historically closely related to rather rapid changes in dietary
      habits, combined with ignorance of prevention, unfortunate social circumstances
      and insufficient dental manpower resources at the right time in the right place.
      Against this background there is a great challenge to the dental profession to
      teach people how to care for their teeth and avoid needless destruction of the
      dentition by dental caries and periodontal disease.

PMID- 6376372
TI  - Masticatory efficiency: the effect of age, the loss of teeth and prosthetic
      rehabilitation.
AB  - Methods for studying efficiency and the results of studies using self-assessment
      and laboratory tests in subjects with various patterns of tooth loss are
      reviewed. It is concluded that age-related impairment of the dentition explains
      most of the decline in masticatory efficiency, while age per se has little
      influence. Many edentulous individuals are oral invalids and even when provided
      with optimal complete dentures their chewing efficiency is much lower than in
      those with natural teeth, with fixed prostheses on natural teeth, or with
      osseointegrated oral implants. The maintenance of a reasonable number of healthy
      natural teeth is the best guarantee for good masticatory efficiency with
      increasing age.

PMID- 6376373
TI  - Syntheses with isotopically labelled carbon. Methyl iodide, formaldehyde and
      cyanide.
AB  - Many of the uniquely labelled synthetic precursors currently employed in the
      design of sophisticated radiolabelled compounds have their origins in the field
      of hot atom chemistry. Particularly, the development during the past few years of
      automated, on-line synthetic procedures which combine the nuclear reaction, hot
      atom and classical chemistry, and rapid purification methods has allowed the
      incorporation of useful radionuclides into suitable compounds of chemical and
      biochemical interest. The application of isotopically labelled methyl iodide,
      formaldehyde, and cyanide anion as synthetic intermediates in research involving
      human physiology and nuclear medicine, as well as their contributions to other
      scientific methodology, is reviewed.

PMID- 6376374
TI  - Evaluation of the clinical and organizational impact of CAPD in the three year
      period from 1980-1983; the experience of 21 centers.

PMID- 6376375
TI  - Comparison of apheresis and other methods for separation and purification of
      hemopoietic stem cells: initial experience with a blood buffy coat model for the
      use of autologous bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - With an increasing number of bone marrow transplantations (BMT) being
      contemplated in leukemia and cancer patients, it is prudent for blood banks to
      develop a suitable program within their resources for harvesting, purifying and
      freezing bone marrow stem cells. In order to do this, initially a prototype has
      been developed involving buffy coat model (BC) using normal donor blood.
      Centrifugation, sedimentation and machine apheresis methods were separately
      evaluated leading to a combined and sequential handling procedure. Blood was
      passed through a cell separator resulting collection of BC with 90% reduction of
      the volume showing 80% recovery of total leucocytes and 87% yield of mononuclear
      cells. Following centrifugation the cells with DMSO were frozen in a controlled
      freezing system and stored in liquid nitrogen. After thawing 94% cells were
      recovered with 93% viability. The initial experience gained in the model system
      could be incorporated in autologous BMT program in patients but requires
      modifications for improved results; the latter will be described separately.

PMID- 6376376
TI  - Preparation of four daunomycin-monoclonal antibody 791T/36 conjugates with anti
      tumour activity.
AB  - As an approach to developing more specific anti-tumour therapeutic agents,
      daunomycin has been covalently linked to the human tumour localizing, murine
      monoclonal antibody 791T/36. Four procedures for coupling drug to antibody were
      investigated. The sugar amino group of daunomycin was modified by reaction with
      succinic anhydride or cis aconitic anhydride and these derivatives were linked to
      antibody, a carbodiimide reagent being used to produce stable peptide bonding.
      Alternatively, 14-bromo daunomycin was linked directly to antibody or antibody
      containing free thiol groups introduced by means of the heterobifunctional
      reagent SPDP [N-succinimidyl-3 (2-pyridyldithio) propionate] thus producing a
      thioether linkage. Each of the conjugates, with drug-antibody ratios of 3 to 4:1,
      retained a proportion of drug activity although the succinic anhydride derivative
      was the least cytotoxic. The three other conjugates specifically bound to tumour
      cells expressing the 791T/36 antibody defined antigen. In short-term assays in
      which tumour cells were briefly exposed to conjugates and then washed to remove
      non-bound conjugate, it was determined that the conjugate with the cis aconityl
      linkage displayed the greatest selective cytotoxicity against tumour cells
      reactive with the 791T/36 antibody. These studies illustrate the feasibility of
      preparing chemically defined drug-antibody conjugates retaining cytotoxicity and
      selectivity of action against tumour cells.

PMID- 6376377
TI  - Abnormal properties of skin fibroblasts from patients with breast cancer.
AB  - The growth properties of fibroblasts from the thoracic skin of patients with
      mammary cancers were compared to those of fibroblastic cultures from patients
      with benign lesions or having undergone surgery for non-neoplastic diseases. As
      expected, an inverse correlation was found between the doubling potential of
      fibroblasts in vitro and the donor's age for cells from patients with benign
      lesions; however no correlation, was found with cultures from cancer patients.
      Moreover, the latter group responded in an abnormal way to three biological
      parameters: anchorage dependence, colony formation on monolayers of normal human
      epithelial cells and saturation densities in overcrowded culture conditions. Skin
      fibroblasts from one patient with a benign lesion, whose mother had developed a
      breast cancer, displayed all the abnormal growth properties. Periodic controls of
      this patient resulted in the early detection of a carcinoma 3 years after the
      first operation for a benign microcystic lesion. Finally, we found that multiple
      subcultivations in overcrowded culture conditions cause the selection of a
      fibroblastic cell subset with greater growth potential which, in the cell strain
      tested, could invade foreign tissue in vitro.

PMID- 6376378
TI  - Selective effects of insulin and hydrocortisone on colony formation and
      chemosensitivity of human tumors in soft agar.
AB  - Because low plating efficiencies of most human cancers severely limit the number
      of successful chemosensitivity tests that can be performed, we studied the growth
      enhancing effects of insulin and hydrocortisone on a variety of solid tumors.
      Colony formation in soft agar was significantly increased in 23/49 (47%) tumors
      treated with 3 U/ml insulin, whereas fewer colonies were observed in 7 (14%).
      These effects were highly selective for tumor type. Colony growth for ovarian,
      lung, and colon carcinomas increased by 123%, 37% and 28%, respectively. In
      contrast, insulin inhibited the growth of melanoma, kidney, and breast tumors.
      Hydrocortisone at 0.05 microgram/ml increased colony numbers in 23/45 (51%)
      tumors, while in 7 (16%) colony numbers were decreased. Growth of ovarian, lung,
      breast, and kidney carcinomas was increased by 136%, 126%, 78% and 69%,
      respectively, whereas melanomas, sarcomas, and colon tumors were inhibited by
      hydrocortisone. In vitro chemosensitivities were relatively unchanged by the
      hormones. In 168 (134 paired) drug/tumor tests, sensitivity to standard
      antineoplastic drugs in the presence or absence of hormones was concordant 82% of
      the time (correlation coefficient, 0.71). However, in 20 tests (15%), significant
      enhancement of chemosensitivity was observed. We concluded that cloning
      efficiencies of many common human tumor types can be improved with hormones, and
      that these growth-enhancing effects are selective for tumor type.

PMID- 6376379
TI  - The Dominican counterexample to Cuba: the American path to development.
AB  - The Dominican Republic provides a striking example of the potential for economic
      development following active military and economic intervention by the United
      States. A moment of potential for reforms necessitated by the Trujillo era
      appeared briefly and was lost in the short period of the presidency of Juan
      Bosch. A detailed study of the circumstances behind the American marine action
      that restored order, and prevented the return of Bosch, tells us much about U.S.
      policy in Latin America. In contradistinction to media releases suggesting a
      potential communist threat, the study shows a level of corporate and intelligence
      community involvement in the country that precludes reforms essential to the well
      being of the Dominican people.

PMID- 6376380
TI  - Mycetoma.
AB  - We have reviewed the outstanding facts about mycetoma, including the history,
      first reports in India, the different causal agents according to their geographic
      distribution, mycologic characteristics, pathology, microbiology, behavior,
      evolution, immunology, experimental inoculations, associated bacterial
      complications, and osseous lesions. Various drugs available for treatment are
      mentioned and recommended. Therapeutic results depend on the age of the disease,
      and, above all, the bony involvement. N. brasiliensis mycetoma is one of the most
      frequent species and causes the greatest number of mycetoma cases in America,
      especially in Mexico.

PMID- 6376381
TI  - Cutaneous immunofluorescence studies in adult rheumatoid arthritis in sun-exposed
      and non-sun-exposed areas.
AB  - The incidence and significance of positive cutaneous immunofluorescence findings
      were assessed in biopsy specimens of both sun-exposed and non-sun-exposed skin of
      34 adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who were not receiving systemic
      corticosteroids. The incidence of lupus erythematosus (LE)-band was low (8.6%) in
      both groups. Twenty-eight percent of the patients had perivascular IgM and/or C3
      deposits, and 74% had cytoid bodies in the papillary dermis. These studies
      indicate that the incidence of LE band is low in RA and that the detection of
      such a band in normal skin warrants close follow-up of RA patients for possible
      development of LE.

PMID- 6376382
TI  - The day syphilis came.

PMID- 6376383
TI  - The history of the International Epidemiological Association brought up to date.

PMID- 6376384
TI  - Changing trends in dental caries.
AB  - In underdeveloped countries the number of dental caries is increasing at a
      frightening rate whereas in industrialized countries the caries rate has declined
      by about 40% in the past 10 years. In 1982, for the first time ever, the average
      12-year-old in underdeveloped countries, where 80% of the world's children live,
      had a higher dental caries score (decayed, missing, filled-DMF) than those in
      industrialized countries. The increase in caries is associated with increases in
      sugar consumption. By 1984, sugar consumption in underdeveloped countries is
      predicted to exceed that of industrialized countries. The decline in caries is
      associated with the widespread availability of fluoride toothpaste, changes in
      the pattern and quantity of sugar consumption and possibly with the frequent use
      of antibiotics. The declines have been greater in areas with fluoridated water
      supplies. The trends in rates of dental caries have important public health
      implications. They include the urgent need for a food policy to limit the
      consumption of refined sugars, policies to ensure the availability of fluoride, a
      reduction in the number of dentists in industrialized countries, the greater use
      of dental therapists and increasing the interval between dental check-ups to two
      years or more.

PMID- 6376385
TI  - Alcohol and coronary heart disease.
AB  - The data on two questions are reviewed: does heavy alcohol intake increase the
      risk of coronary heart disease (CHD)? And, is moderate intake protective?
      Identified alcoholics and problem drinkers have an increased risk of CHD, and in
      Britain there is a correlation among 22 towns, between the proportion of heavy
      drinkers in a town and CHD mortality. Of seven longitudinal studies reviewed, one
      shows heavy drinkers to have an increased CHD incidence. An inverse association
      between alcohol consumption and CHD mortality is seen in international
      comparisons and in time trends in the USA. Of six case-control studies reviewed
      from England and the USA, all show an inverse association between CHD and alcohol
      consumption which persists after control for other risk factors. Longitudinal
      studies, in Japanese-Americans, white American men and women, British civil
      servants, Puerto Ricans, Yugoslavs and Australians, all show moderate drinkers to
      have a lower CHD risk than abstainers. Abstainers are likely to differ from
      moderate drinkers in a number of ways. To date it has not proved possible to show
      that any of these differences account for the higher CHD risk of abstainers. The
      apparent protective effect is not large (RR = 0.5) but the consistency of the
      association and the existence of plausible mechanisms increase the likelihood
      that the negative association is causal. However, if alcohol intake were to
      increase in the population the social and medical consequences would be large. An
      increased intake is therefore not recommended as a community measure for CHD
      prevention.

PMID- 6376386
TI  - Evaluation of information systems for the surveillance of congenital
      malformations.
AB  - Many systems for the recording of congenital malformations in infants have been
      developed following the thalidomide epidemic of 1958 to 1962. Systems established
      for monitoring increases in rates of malformations have been of three main types:
      (1) prospective recording of information about all pregnancies; (2) the recording
      of malformations observed at birth; (3) the registration of children found to be
      malformed at birth or at any time after birth. The latter type involves many
      sources of information. International collaboration in monitoring has led to the
      establishment of the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Monitoring
      Systems and the EEC Concerted Action Project EUROCAT. The advantages of these two
      projects are discussed. It is shown that results from population based registers
      such as are included in EUROCAT can be used to validate the results of systems
      which carry out monitoring at birth.

PMID- 6376387
TI  - Alcohol, beer and lung cancer--a meaningful relationship?
AB  - The epidemiological evidence relating alcohol consumption and lung cancer is
      reviewed. Four correlation studies have shown a relationship between alcohol,
      particularly beer, consumption and lung cancer. Beer consumption was a risk
      factor in one case-control study. Eight out of ten prospective studies show
      alcoholics and high alcohol consumers to be at greater risk of lung cancer. Not
      all of the increased risk in these studies is explainable in terms of confounding
      by tobacco consumption. There is some animal evidence which supports the effects
      of alcohol on the likelihood of developing lung cancer.

PMID- 6376388
TI  - Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of the in vitro evagination
      process of Echinococcus multilocularis protoscolices.

PMID- 6376389
TI  - Neuropsychological concepts of somatoform disorders.
AB  - Clinical descriptions of somatoform disorders tend to fall largely into the two
      main categories of conversion disorder and hypochondriasis. These disorders
      frequently occur in the context of other psychopathology and also tend to have a
      significant association with CNS disease. Evidence implicating alterations in
      brainstem reticular arousal and attentional mechanisms in the etiology of these
      disorders is reviewed. Relevant studies investigating cerebral asymmetry of
      function have tended to associate right hemisphere information processing style
      with the sensory, attentional and affective changes that characterize conversion
      disorders. It is suggested that brain research in the field of somatoform
      disorders look to the second somatosensory area (SII), which appears to be
      especially suited to the types of neurophysiological and neuropsychological
      dynamics that are generally presumed to underlie this class of maladies. Finally,
      it is argued that a biopsychosocial approach to the understanding of somatoform
      disorders requires the incorporation of neuropsychological data into a
      multidimensional conceptual framework.

PMID- 6376390
TI  - The influence of Cervantes on the future creator of psychoanalysis.
AB  - Our work is intended to recreate the origins of the 'future creator of
      psychoanalysis'. Cervantes had a decisive influence on Freud. Don Quixote
      occupied a central place during a period which we consider to be crucial in the
      creation of psychoanalysis; we refer to the summer of 1883 during which Freud
      confessed to Martha that he had become more interested in this book than in brain
      anatomy. In this work, Cervantes delves in-depth into problems which he had set
      out in The Colloquy of the Dogs, read by Freud in his adolescence when he was
      learning Spanish and which confronted some of the great psychoanalytic themes
      such as reality-fantasy, language, instinct and reason, traumatic situations,
      'family romance', etc. These themes appear in a psychoanalytically structured
      dialogue in which one of the dogs, Berganza, tells his life story (in the form of
      catharsis) to the other dog, Cipion, with whom Freud identified himself.
      Basically, it is the psychotherapeutic model that Freud used with his own
      hysterical patients. Another dialogue which was essential for Freud was that of
      Don Quixote and Sancho Panza, due to the following major reasons (as well as
      others): For the clear discrimination between reality and fantasy as well as
      their interplay. Because madness is presented as a complex phenomenon, but
      intelligible in terms of human motives. For the penetrating description of the
      transition in Don Quixote from mania to depression. Because at that moment of his
      life, Freud himself was living through a personal conflict between his dreams of
      carrying out some scientific feat and the demands of attending to his mundane
      necessities.

PMID- 6376391
TI  - Common repair pathways acting upon U.V.- and X-ray induced damage in diploid
      cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Studies on X-ray sensitive mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Benathen 1973,
      Benathen and Beam 1977) show that the XS6, XS8 and XS9 genes are not only
      involved in the repair of X-ray-induced damage but also in the repair of U.V.
      induced damage. Analysis of the U.V. sensitivity of multiple xs mutants indicates
      the participation of three repair pathways which differ from excision repair.
      Under conditions which can influence repair, such as plating of the U.V.
      irradiated cells in the presence of caffeine, followed or not by hyperthermic
      incubation, the wild type strain shows a diphasic survival curve, consisting of
      an exponential component for low doses and a sigmoidal one for higher doses.
      Comparison with the survival curves obtained for the sensitive mutants suggests
      that the first component of the wild type survival curve corresponds to the
      inhibition of the XS6 and XS8 gene products while the appearance of a radio
      resistant fraction in the population relies on the induction of another repair
      pathway. A sequential model of repair with two branching points is proposed to
      explain the results.

PMID- 6376392
TI  - The enigma of "carry-over".
AB  - It is well known that after the cessation of treatment by functional electrical
      stimulation (FES) there is a continuation of the improvement of the muscle
      function "carry-over". If this could be harnessed and understood then this might
      lead to permanent improvement. An examination of evidence from FES, spasticity
      research and biofeedback might well produce the answers.

PMID- 6376393
TI  - Radioimmunoassay in pharmacology. Labeling of drug antigens.

PMID- 6376394
TI  - Radioimmunoassay and digitalis determination.

PMID- 6376395
TI  - Analysis of retinol and dideuterated retinol in rat plasma by gas chromatography
      combined mass spectrometry.
AB  - An isotope dilution method for determining the total body stores of vitamin A
      using a hydrocarbon derivative of rat plasma retinol, anhydroretinol (ANR) or
      dideuteroanhydroretinol (2H2ANR) has been evaluated by gas chromatography
      combined mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Rats with negligible vitamin A stores were
      dosed with retinyl acetate (ROA) or ROA and 11,12dideuteroretinyl acetate
      (2H2ROA). The 2H2ROA dose was allowed to equilibrate with total body stores for
      seven days and the deuterium/hydrogen ratio (D/H ratio) of rat plasma retinol
      fraction was determined. The results indicate that after the equilibration period
      the plasma D/H ratio is 73 to 108 percent of the loading dose D/H ratio. This
      study extends earlier reports that exogenous vitamin A storage is lower than the
      expected fifty percent figure in rats with low initial total body stores of
      vitamin A [1, 7, 8, 15, 17]. This work supports the concept that the estimation
      of total body stores of vitamin A by an isotope dilution method is useful for
      populations with negligible stores (i.e. liver stores) of vitamin A.

PMID- 6376396
TI  - The clinical and biochemical effects of vitamin C supplementation in short-stay
      hospitalized geriatric patients.
AB  - A double-blind placebo trial has been undertaken on 199 elderly patients admitted
      to an "acute" geriatric assessment ward. Clinical and biochemical assessment was
      made on admission (0) and at 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 weeks (after admission). Ninety
      four patients were supplemented with vitamin C (200 mg per day) and 105 had
      placebo tablets. Biochemical assessment included estimations of plasma and
      leucocyte (buffy layer) vitamin C, plasma folate, vitamin B12, cortisol and total
      white cell count. Plasma and leucocyte vitamin C levels remained low for several
      weeks in a substantial proportion of the non-supplemented patients, whereas low
      levels were virtually eliminated in the supplemented group. The results from this
      study suggest that the leucocyte vitamin C levels may give some indication of
      prognosis in this category of patients (ie. "acute" geriatric admissions) as
      evidenced by: i) the significantly higher mortality rate during the trial period
      of patients who started with low initial leucocyte vitamin C levels compared with
      those starting with higher levels, despite similar mean initial "severity of
      illness scores" between the two groups. ii) the marked trend, amongst placebo
      subjects, for those commencing the study with higher leucocyte vitamin C levels
      to fare better, in terms of progression to "well", than those starting with low
      levels. Amongst subjects starting with low leucocyte vitamin C levels, there was
      a trend for "vitamin C" subjects to have fared better by 8 weeks than "placebo"
      subjects. This again occurred despite similar mean initial "severity scores"
      between the two groups. Amongst subjects diagnosed with respiratory infections
      there was some tendency for supplemented patients to fare better than
      unsupplemented patients. Low leucocyte vitamin C levels, on admission, appear to
      be predictive of poor subsequent prognosis in elderly hospitalised patients.
      Results from this trial suggest that supplementation with a moderate dose of
      vitamin C may improve this prognosis and larger trials with greater numbers
      appear to be merited to confirm or deny this hypothesis.

PMID- 6376397
TI  - Pseudobacteremia and use of the radiometric blood culture analyzer.

PMID- 6376398
TI  - A maternal-neonatal outbreak of infections due to an unusual group A beta
      hemolytic streptococcus.
AB  - An outbreak of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections involving three
      parturients, three newborns, and a nursery RN is reported. Six of six organisms
      available for serotyping were M-untypable, T-11, serum opacity reaction-negative.
      Propagation of the outbreak may have been fostered by the common use of a single
      sitz bath, although the evidence to support this is weak. The outbreak was
      rapidly controlled via strict cohorting, appropriate treatment and isolation of
      cases, and the routine use of triple dye for umbilical cord care.

PMID- 6376399
TI  - Influence of ethanol with and without chlorhexidine on the bacterial colonization
      of the umbilicus of newborn infants.
AB  - The effect of daily treatments with 70% ethanol and with 0.5% chlorhexidine in
      70% ethanol, respectively, on navel colonization in newborns has been studied in
      624 infants in two maternity wards during a four-month period. Staphylococcus
      aureus, group B and G streptococci, E. coli and anaerobes were significantly less
      often isolated from newborns whose umbilical cord was treated with chlorhexidine
      in ethanol than from those treated with ethanol only. Staphylococcus epidermidis
      and enterococci, on the other hand, were significantly more often isolated from
      the chlorhexidine-ethanol than from the ethanol group. More infants without
      colonization of the umbilicus on their fourth day of life were found in the
      chlorhexidine in ethanol than in the ethanol group. The infants in the ethanol
      group were colonized with significantly more bacterial species than the infants
      in the other group. Signs of dissemination of group B and group G streptococci
      between babies were seen more often in the group of infants treated with ethanol
      than in the one treated with chlorhexidine-ethanol.

PMID- 6376400
TI  - Brief report: nosocomial infection rates in a cancer treatment center.
AB  - This report describes the results of a prospective study of nosocomial infection
      in 7,714 patients hospitalized during a 24-month period at a cancer treatment
      center. An overall nosocomial infection rate of 9.3% was observed with site
      specific infection rates of 2.6% for urinary tract, 1.9% for surgical wound, 2.2%
      for bacteremia and 1.9% for respiratory tract infection. Within specific patient
      groups, the overall nosocomial infection rates observed were: 8.2% in medical
      patients, 14.9% in surgical patients and 1.5% in pediatric patients. Despite the
      markedly elevated nosocomial infection rate in surgical patients (P less than
      0.001), surgical wound infection rates were not unlike those observed in general
      hospitals: clean-2.4%, clean contaminated-5.8%, contaminated-13.2%, and dirty
      11.8%. These observations provide evidence that institutions which provide
      medical care predominantly for cancer patients can expect to observe higher
      nosocomial infection rates than general care hospitals.

PMID- 6376401
TI  - The pharmacology of aminoglycosides: II. Distinctions among the agents.

PMID- 6376402
TI  - Bleach usage for CJD disinfection.

PMID- 6376403
TI  - Epidemic bullous impetigo in a nursery due to a nasal carrier of Staphylococcus
      aureus: role of epidemiology and control measures.
AB  - From September 14, 1981 to February 28, 1982, an epidemic of bullous impetigo
      caused by a penicillin/tetracycline resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus,
      phage type 3A/3C, occurred in a newborn nursery in Louisville, Kentucky. Twenty
      of 1,181 (1.7%) infants at risk developed disease during the six-month epidemic
      period. Clinically all case-infants had bullous impetigo skin lesions. One infant
      developed staphylococcal septicemia. No infant died. An epidemiologic
      investigation identified a nurse as having significantly greater contact with
      case-infants than control-infants (p = 0.0013). She was also found to be a nasal
      carrier of the epidemic strain. Infection control measures appeared to decrease
      infant-to-infant transmission via the hands of non-colonized nurses, but did not
      affect transmission from the nurse carrying the epidemic strain to infants. No
      cases of bullous impetigo have occurred since this nurse was temporarily removed
      from the nursery for treatment.

PMID- 6376404
TI  - Randomized clinical trial of short-term antibiotic prophylaxis in 750 patients
      undergoing vaginal and abdominal hysterectomy.
AB  - We have carried out a controlled, prospective, randomized study with the aim of
      evaluating the efficacy of a short-term antibiotic prophylaxis on patients
      undergoing simple total hysterectomy. 750 patients entered the trial, starting in
      September 1977, 260 underwent vaginal hysterectomy, 490 abdominal hysterectomy.
      The patients were subdivided randomly into four groups, which were homogeneous in
      number, age, weight, associated disease, indication for surgery and hormonal
      status: control group, without treatment; prophylaxis with Cefazolin; prophylaxis
      with Thiamphenicol; prophylaxis with Cefazolin plus Thiamphenicol. Each
      antibiotic was administered parenterally, at the dose of 1 g, 1 hour before
      surgery, and 5 and 12 hours later. Postoperative infectious morbidity was
      evaluated according to febrile morbidity, the need for antibiotic therapy during
      the postoperative period and the length of postoperative hospitalization. The
      incidence and severity of febrile morbidity was significantly reduced in the
      three groups of patients who received prophylaxis. The use of antibiotics in the
      postoperative period resulted significantly reduced and the period of
      hospitalization was shorter for the groups with prophylaxis than for the control
      group.

PMID- 6376405
TI  - Rectovaginal fistula: a review of 11 years experience.
AB  - The records of 22 patients at Temple University Hospital with a diagnosis of
      rectovaginal fistula, from January 1970 to December 1980, were reviewed. The age
      at the time of diagnosis ranged from 18 to 75 years with an average of 47.3
      years. Most had symptoms and signs which included fecal incontinence, flatus
      passage per vagina, tenesmus, distressing diarrhea and urinary tract infection.
      The majority of the fistulas were present for more than a year before the
      corrective operative procedure was attempted. The patients were divided into two
      groups: postirradiation fistulas and non-irradiation fistulas. The former
      resulted from the treatment of carcinoma of the cervix, urinary bladder, urethra,
      or rectum. The latter resulted from inflammatory bowel diseases, diverticulitis,
      or trauma from obstetric procedures. The former group were usually treated
      conservatively, either no operation or defunctioning colostomy. The latter group
      were treated more aggressively, either by direct repair or resection of the
      diseased segment.

PMID- 6376406
TI  - [Lipoproteins in plasma and fats in nutrition in the pathogenesis of coronary
      heart disease. Remarks on the causes and limits of the lipid theory].

PMID- 6376408
TI  - [Dietary iodine deficiency. Causes, detection, physiopathologic significance and
      possibilities for prevention].

PMID- 6376407
TI  - [Unsaturated fatty acids, eicosanoids and atherosclerosis].

PMID- 6376409
TI  - [Diet therapy of gout and urate nephrolithiasis].

PMID- 6376410
TI  - [Nutrition in the aged].

PMID- 6376411
TI  - [Therapeutic significance of branched-chain keto and amino acids].

PMID- 6376412
TI  - [Lactate determination in the cerebrospinal fluid for differentiating bacterial
      and viral meningitis].

PMID- 6376413
TI  - Methods in metastasis research. A critical review.

PMID- 6376414
TI  - Fibronectin and its proteolytic fragments. Potential as cancer markers.
AB  - Since the discovery of fibronectin as a transformation-sensitive 'cell surface'
      protein, it has been the focus of intensive studies. Fibronectin has multiple
      interactions and functions and is composed of distinguishing properties of
      malignant cells, properties. Invasiveness and metastasis, distinguishing
      properties of malignant cells, involve penetration through components of the
      extracellular matrix. Enzymatic degradation of matrix components is involved in
      these phenomena. Proteolytic targets of the pericellular matrices of cells in
      culture include fibronectin that has been found to be even selectively
      susceptible to proteinases. Defined fragments of fibronectin have transformation
      promoting activity in experimental conditions and such fragments, detected in
      tumor patient body fluids, may serve as markers for tumor progression.

PMID- 6376415
TI  - Morphology of hydrogel implants used for refractive keratoplasty.
AB  - The pathology of 14 keratophakia procedures in nine nonhuman primates using
      various hydrogel lenses as donor lenticles is presented. The lenses were treated
      as if they were human donor corneas using currently practiced keratophakia
      procedures. This included microkeratome resection of the recipient cornea,
      staining of the lenses before cryolathing and, in most instances, lathing
      according to a modified computer program after which the lenses were inserted
      into the previously dissected recipient lamellar bed. There was no histologic
      evidence of an inflammatory reaction to the hydrogels. The major pathologic
      feature was the presence of activated keratocytes lining the dissected
      intrastromal pockets.

PMID- 6376416
TI  - Coronary prevention study yields proof of cholesterol link.

PMID- 6376417
TI  - 'The Chief'--Doctor William Osler.

PMID- 6376418
TI  - Hospice care--an alternative medicare benefit.

PMID- 6376419
TI  - CT adapted stereotaxy.

PMID- 6376420
TI  - Interaction of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus with two
      nonpermissive cell lines.
AB  - The interaction of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus with two
      nonpermissive cell lines was investigated. The insect cell line, CP 169, and the
      Chinese hamster cell line, CHO-K1, were able to adsorb and engulf virus
      particles, but there was no evidence for viral replication in these cells based
      on virus growth titrations, electron microscopy, dot hybridization, and synthesis
      of viral induced proteins.

PMID- 6376421
TI  - Recognition of host-membrane antigens in the envelope of measles virions.
AB  - Trypsin- and acetone-treated virions from either of two strains of measles virus
      grown in Vero cells stimulated the production in guinea pigs of (i) virus
      specific antibodies to polypeptide (P) of molecular weight 70,000 (70K) and to
      the portion of the HA spike embedded in the viral envelope, but not to M protein,
      and (ii) antibodies to two host cell membrane antigens which were identified as
      glycoproteins with molecular weights of 108K and 104K. These host cell antigens
      were present in increased amounts in infected cells and were intimately
      associated with the virus. Untreated measles virions grown in Vero cells also
      stimulated the production of antibody to the 108K glycoprotein. The host
      polypeptides were less antigenic in virus derived from HEp2 cells, which
      apparently contained less of these antigens.

PMID- 6376422
TI  - Biographical sketches No. 39--Molyneux.

PMID- 6376423
TI  - One hundred eighth critical bibliography of the history of science and its
      cultural influences.

PMID- 6376424
TI  - Chemonucleolysis in the treatment of prolapsed intervertebral disc. Early
      results.
AB  - The results of chemonucleolysis in 48 patients with protrusion of the annulus
      fibrosus or lumbar disc hernia treated over a period of two years are reported.
      The nucleolysis was performed under local anaesthesia at a single level in all
      cases, after the pathological state of the disc and nerve roots had been
      demonstrated by radiography. Satisfactory results, comparable with those
      following surgical treatment, were obtained in nearly all the patients with small
      disc herniae and in three-quarters of the patients with herniae of moderate
      dimensions. The pre-operative neurological defects showed regression in nearly
      all cases. The only complication was an infection of the disc in one case.

PMID- 6376425
TI  - A study of childhood headache using biofeedback as a treatment alternative.

PMID- 6376426
TI  - An economic model of large Medicaid practices.
AB  - Public attention given to Medicaid "mills" prompted this more general
      investigation of the origins of large Medicaid practices. A dual market demand
      model is proposed showing how Medicaid competes with private insurers for scarce
      physician time. Various program parameters--fee schedules, coverage, collection
      costs--are analyzed along with physician preferences, specialties, and other
      supply-side characteristics. Maximum likelihood techniques are used to test the
      model. The principal finding is that in raising Medicaid fees, as many physicians
      opt into the program as expand their Medicaid caseloads to exceptional levels,
      leaving the maldistribution of patients unaffected while notably improving
      access. Still, the fact that Medicaid fees are lower than those of private
      insurers does lead to reduced access to more qualified practitioners. Where anti
      Medicaid sentiment is stronger, access is also reduced and large Medicaid
      practices more likely to flourish.

PMID- 6376427
TI  - The sensation of dyspnea: a review.

PMID- 6376428
TI  - Expanded Medicare-hospice coverage. A checklist for nurses.

PMID- 6376429
TI  - The use of trypsin to improve the localization of immunoglobulins in semi-thin
      frozen sections of the mammary gland.
AB  - Frozen sections, 0.5 micron thick, of the lactating mouse mammary gland have been
      used to localize immunoglobulins A and G and serum albumin throughout the
      connective tissue stroma, in the lumina of blood vessels, in milk stored in the
      alveoli and in the lateral spaces between adjacent epithelial cells. In addition,
      the immunoglobulins were localized to their specific plasma cells in the
      connective tissue stroma. Serum albumin was further identified within the mammary
      epithelial cells as small spots of fluorescence scattered throughout the
      cytoplasm. The immunoglobulins were not localized within these cells in untreated
      sections, but in sections treated with trypsin and Soybean trypsin inhibitor, it
      was possible to identify a similar distribution to that for serum albumin. The
      spots of fluorescence representing the intracellular localization of the
      immunoglobulins and serum albumin were frequently found in association with the
      periphery of intracellular lipid droplets.

PMID- 6376430
TI  - Enzyme- and immuno-histochemical localization of kallikrein. I. The human parotid
      gland.
AB  - Localization of kallikrein in the human parotid gland was investigated
      simultaneously by two markers: kallikrein-like (enzyme) activity and kallikrein
      antigenicity. Kallikrein-like activity was histochemically demonstrated by using
      a synthetic substrate, pro-phe-arg- naphthylester . Kallikrein antigenicity was
      demonstrated by an unlabelled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase method, where
      monospecific antiserum against highly purified urinary kallikrein was used as the
      primary antiserum. The results showed that kallikrein-like activity and
      kallikrein antigenicity were identical in their locations in the ductal cells,
      being localized in the luminal part of the striated ducts and to a lesser degree
      in the excretory ducts. This indicates the presence of active kallikrein in these
      regions. No enzyme activity nor antigenicity was observed either in acini or in
      intercalated ducts. Moreover, the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method revealed
      kallikrein antigenicity for the first time extracellularly in the basement
      membrane region of acini and of ducts as well as in the interstitium surrounding
      ducts and major vessels.

PMID- 6376431
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of nerve growth factor and epidermal growth
      factor in guinea pig prostate gland.
AB  - Prostate glands of adult guinea pigs were stained for nerve growth factor (NGF)
      and epidermal growth factor (EGF) by immunohistochemical methods. Both NGF and
      EGF were localized diffusely in the cytoplasm of the glandular epithelial cells,
      and also in their secretory products. These findings suggest that NGF and EGF are
      synthesized, stored, and secreted by the glandular epithelial cells of the
      prostate.

PMID- 6376432
TI  - Islet-cell antibodies (ICA-CFICA) and HLA genotypes in 107 IDD patients and their
      first-degree relatives.
AB  - The prevalence of ICA and CFICA in relation to HLA-DR genotypes was analyzed in
      107 insulin-dependent diabetic (IDD) patients with a duration of IDD ranging from
      onset to 30 years, and 247 nondiabetic first-degree relatives. In 46 patients
      tested at onset of IDD, the prevalence of ICA and of CFICA was 61 and 50%,
      respectively; with the longer duration of IDD, the prevalence of CFICA decreased
      more rapidly than that of ICA. No significant association was observed between
      ICA and any HLA allele in patients tested from onset till 2 years after onset.
      However, a higher prevalence of ICA was found in DR3 positive patients with a
      duration of IDD of more than 2 years (p less than 0.02). Among the healthy
      relatives, the prevalence of ICA was 7% in parents and 13% in siblings; one out
      of 101 siblings had CFICA. No association was found between ICA and any HLA
      marker. The presence of ICA in sibs was independent of the number of haplotypes
      they shared with the IDD proband: among the 13 ICA-positive healthy sibs, one
      shared 2 haplotypes, nine shared 1 haplotype and three shared no haplotype with
      the proband, which is not different from the random distribution.

PMID- 6376433
TI  - Non-standard fractionation in radiotherapy.

PMID- 6376434
TI  - Modification of a standard cobalt-60 unit for total body irradiation at 150 cm
      SSD.
AB  - A cobalt-60 teletherapy unit has been modified to permit total body irradiation
      (TBI) with a vertical beam in a conventional treatment room. This technique has
      been implemented at low cost using a few easily made accessories. Removal of the
      adjustable collimator assembly provides a field 2.3 meters in diameter at 150 cm
      SSD. A copper flattening filter has been constructed to improve beam uniformity
      and remove electron contamination. Machine set up time for TBI requires less than
      15 minutes and does not affect the routine clinical use of the unit. A dose rate
      of 32 cGy per minute (midplane) is attainable in a 20 cm thick patient. The
      dosimetry and technical aspects are presented in this paper.

PMID- 6376435
TI  - Effect of lung injuries on [14C]urea permeability-surface area product in dogs.
AB  - To determine whether [14C]urea permeability-surface area product (PS) is a
      reliable indicator of changes in permeability in various injuries and its
      relationship to indicator-dilution and gravimetric lung water contents, we
      studied six groups of anesthetized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated dogs
      (5 animals each). The groups consisted of control dogs, those injured by
      intravenous alloxan, oleic acid, or glass beads, and those exposed to acute
      hypoxia or increased left atrial pressure from volume loading (Pla). Interanimal
      variation of PS was large (3.0-15.0 ml/s), but successive hourly values in
      individual animals were stable for 2 h in experimental groups and for 4 h in
      controls. The PS increased after alloxan, elevated Pla, and 2 h of hypoxia; PS
      decreased after oleic acid and microemboli. The gravimetric lung water increased
      after alloxan, oleic acid, and microemboli, and indicator-dilution lung water
      increased only after alloxan. We conclude 1) that intersubject variability
      requires normalization to enable detection of significant deviation from base
      line, and 2) that decreased PS after oleic acid and microvascular injury occurred
      because vascular obstruction, which decreased surface area, masked probable
      coexisting increases in capillary permeability.

PMID- 6376436
TI  - Glucose tolerance in young and older athletes and sedentary men.
AB  - Groups of endurance-trained masters athletes (60 +/- 2 yr), older untrained men
      (62 +/- 1 yr), lean older untrained men (61 +/- 2 yr), endurance-trained young
      athletes (26 +/- 1 yr), and young untrained men (28 +/- 1 yr) were studied to
      obtain information on the separate effects of age, physical activity, and body
      fatness on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Each subject underwent an
      oral 100-g glucose tolerance test. Skinfold thickness was determined at six
      sites. The trained groups had a higher maximum O2 uptake capacity and lower sum
      of skinfolds than their sedentary peers. The lean older untrained group had a sum
      of skinfolds similar to that of the young untrained group. The masters athletes,
      young athletes, and young untrained men exhibited similar glucose tolerance
      whereas the two older untrained groups had an almost twofold greater total area
      under the glucose curve (P less than 0.05). The masters and young athletes had
      significantly blunted plasma insulin responses compared with the other three
      groups (P less than 0.05). The young and the lean older untrained groups had
      similar plasma insulin responses with significantly lower insulin levels than the
      older untrained group (P less than 0.05). These results provide evidence that
      regularly performed vigorous exercise can, in some individuals, prevent the
      deterioration of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity with age.

PMID- 6376437
TI  - Contribution of lung stretch depressor reflex to nonlinear fall in cardiac output
      during PEEP.
AB  - The hypothesis that lung stretch reflexes elicit negative cardiovascular effects
      during positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) application in a ramp procedure up
      to 15 cmH2O was tested in piglets under steady-state anesthesia and muscle
      relaxation. The effects of lung stretch on hemodynamics were studied by comparing
      the differences in responses during PEEP application with two different tidal
      volumes. In both ventilatory conditions cardiac output and aortic pressure
      decreased nonlinearly in three phases with the rise of PEEP: a gradual decrease
      in phase I, a sharp decrease in phase II, and again a more gradual decrease in
      phase III. Heart rate decreased significantly in phase II. In the series with the
      larger tidal volume, implying more lung stretch during insufflation, phase II was
      between a PEEP of 2.6 and 9 cmH2O. In the series with the smaller tidal volume,
      phase II occurred between 5.7 and 10.5 cmH2O. To assess the contribution of lung
      stretch reflexes to the decrease in cardiac output we also related cardiac output
      to the changes in central venous pressure. Again a nonlinear response was
      observed, indicating that an additional effect besides the rise in mean central
      venous pressure was involved in the decrease in cardiac output. During
      ventilation with the smaller tidal volume, phase II of the decrease in cardiac
      output was also shifted to higher values of mean central venous pressure, which
      only could be ascribed to the differences in lung stretch at insufflation. It
      appeared that under circumstances of artificial ventilation the onset of the
      reflex is determined by a characteristic threshold of lung stretch.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6376438
TI  - Applicability of echocardiography in volume determinations in experimental
      animals.
AB  - A method is described for the use of echocardiography in volume determinations in
      the experimental animal. Suitability of the technique in both acute and
      chronically implanted animals was tested. Stroke volumes derived from
      calculations based on echo data were compared with those obtained by an
      electromagnetic flow probe placed around the aorta. High correlation was found in
      both the acute (r = 0.96, P less than 0.001) and the chronic (r = 0.89, P less
      than 0.001) preparations. Cardiac output computed from echocardiographic data and
      compared with those based on either flow probe or indicator-dilution techniques
      also showed a high degree of correlation in both the acute (r = 0.91 and 0.95,
      respectively; P less than 0.001) and chronic (r = 0.98 and 0.94, respectively, P
      less than 0.001) preparations. It is suggested that echocardiography, because of
      the potential to measure many indicators of myocardial function in addition to
      volume, represents a significant improvement in the techniques available for
      basic cardiovascular experimentation.

PMID- 6376439
TI  - Gonococcal infection in the adolescent patient.

PMID- 6376440
TI  - Contributions of the Bureau of Animal Industry to the veterinary profession.

PMID- 6376441
TI  - Petition for a Federal Veterinary Sanitary Bureau.

PMID- 6376442
TI  - Effect of hyposensitization on atopic dermatitis in dogs.
AB  - In a double-blind study, 51 dogs with clinically defined atopic dermatitis were
      injected with either alum-precipitated allergen solutions or a placebo. Comparing
      the treatment results of both groups on the basis of scores for clinical signs, a
      significant difference in clinical improvement was established in favor of the
      allergen-treated dogs (P less than 0.01). The proportional changes of scores for
      clinical signs in the allergen-treated group ranged between +27.3% and -100%
      (median, -61.5%) and in the placebo group between +36.4% and -100% (median, 0.0%)
      with respect to the initial scores. Immediate skin test reactivity disappeared
      only in the dogs with a good clinical response. Of 27 dogs treated with an
      allergen solution, 16 (59.3%) had an improvement of 51% or more. In the placebo
      group, 5 of 24 dogs (20.8%) reacted this way. There was total remission of the
      clinical signs in 9 and 4 dogs, respectively. In the dogs in which, after 9
      months of hyposensitization, any improvement was observed, the chance for final
      improvement of more than 51% was calculated as 84%. Discriminant analysis
      revealed that evaluation of the effect of immunotherapy can be restricted to the
      9-month follow-up examination.

PMID- 6376443
TI  - Gallbladder rupture and bile peritonitis secondary to cholelithiasis and
      cholecystitis in a dog.

PMID- 6376444
TI  - Efficacy and dosage titration study of mibolerone for treatment of
      pseudopregnancy in the bitch.
AB  - A controlled, blind-labeled, dose-response field trial was conducted to evaluate
      the efficacy of mibolerone as a treatment for pseudopregnancy in the bitch.
      Bitches were treated orally for 5 consecutive days with one of the following
      dosages of mibolerone: 0.008, 0.016, or 0.025 mg/kg of body weight. Changes in
      psychologic signs (nesting behavior, mothering inanimate objects, and self
      nursing) or physical signs (mammary gland enlargement and secretion of a liquid
      or milk, ie, galactorrhea) were noted. The period within which the improvement
      occurred also was noted. There were 63 cases distributed over the 3 dosages--19
      at 0.008 mg/kg, 22 at 0.016 mg/kg, and 22 at 0.025 mg/kg. Seventeen bitches given
      a placebo served as controls. There were significant differences in improvement
      of clinical signs among the dosages for the combinations of psychologic (P less
      than 0.001), physical (P less than 0.01), psychologic or physical (P less than
      0.001), and psychologic and physical (P less than 0.001). The projected optimal
      dosages were: 0.016 mg/kg, 0.013 mg/kg, 0.014 mg/kg, and 0.015 mg/kg for the
      psychologic, physical, psychologic or physical, and psychologic and physical
      signs, respectively. Of the 3 dosages used, 0.016 mg/kg (for 5 consecutive days)
      was estimated to be optimal for improvement of the physiologic signs of
      pseudopregnancy.

PMID- 6376445
TI  - Control of astigmatism by wound placement.
AB  - We performed a clinical surgical study of extracapsular
      extraction/phacoemulsification and lens implantation to determine the
      effectiveness of posterior wound placement in reducing immediate astigmatism. One
      hundred three cases, one half with anterior wounds and one half with posterior
      wounds, were analyzed for cylinder, axis, and astigmatism at six days and six
      weeks. We found little change in the amount of preexistent astigmatism with
      posteriorly placed wounds. The change was much greater with anteriorly placed
      wounds.

PMID- 6376446
TI  - Pathological and scanning electron microscopic evaluation of the 91Z intraocular
      lens.
AB  - We analyzed 18 explanted 91Z anterior chamber lenses by light and scanning
      electron microscopy. Intermittent touch of the lens loops to the posterior
      corneal surface and the anterior chamber angle may have occurred. Erosion of the
      polypropylene loops into the anterior chamber angle recess and into the iris
      tissue was also observed. Fibrous tissue, uveal tissue, and inflammatory debris
      were noted on the loops, forming dense synechias at the points of contact with
      the angle recess. In some lenses the edges of the optics were sharp. Other
      significant manufacturing defects were rarely seen, and there was no evidence of
      degradation of polypropylene loops. The problems regarding surgical removal of
      this lens are discussed.

PMID- 6376447
TI  - Jorn Boberg-Ans 1916-1984.

PMID- 6376448
TI  - Positioning an iris-clip IOL with an anterior loop stitch.

PMID- 6376449
TI  - Report and management of the sunrise syndrome.
AB  - We report a case in which a posterior chamber lens subluxated superiorly,
      resulting in progressive loss of vision.

PMID- 6376450
TI  - Effectiveness of continuing education for health professionals: a literature
      review.
AB  - The 1970s saw the development of a mandatory continuing education system as a
      result of actions by state legislatures and professional organizations. Although
      the actions of these bodies imply a relationship between participation in
      continuing education activities and the maintenance of professional competency,
      such a relationship has never been clearly and consistently demonstrated. This
      article reviews studies of the effectiveness of continuing education in the
      health professions, notes weaknesses in the continuing education system, and
      suggests strategies for improving it.

PMID- 6376451
TI  - Studies on WF-5239, a new potent platelet aggregation inhibitor.
AB  - WF-5239 was produced by a fungal strain identified as Aspergillus fumigatus
      Fresenius. The substance was purified by solvent extraction followed by
      chromatography on silica gel and then crystallized (C9H9NO2, mp 142 approximately
      145 degrees C). The chemical structure was determined from its physico-chemical
      properties as N-[2-cis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]formamide. WF-5239 has inhibitory
      activity against rabbit platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid and
      collagen, with IC50 values of 1.25 and 5.0 micrograms/ml, respectively.
      Arachidonic acid induced mortality in mice was reduced by a single
      intraperitoneal dose of WF-5239 (30 mg/kg). These biological properties have been
      compared with those of aspirin.

PMID- 6376452
TI  - Affinity of cefonicid, a long-acting cephalosporin, for the penicillin-binding
      proteins of Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - The binding of cefonicid (SK&F 75073), a new parenteral cephalosporin, to the
      penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) of Escherichia coli K-12 (strain KN-126) was
      determined by competitive binding studies versus benzyl[14C]penicillin. Cefonicid
      showed its greatest affinity for PBPs 1a greater than 3 greater than 1b, bound
      with low affinity to PBPs 4 greater than 2, and did not bind to PBPs 5 and 6.
      Provisional affinity constants (cefonicid concentration that gave 50% inhibition
      of [14C]penicillin binding) were determined: PBP 1a, less than 0.25 microgram/ml;
      PBP 3, 0.7 microgram/ml; PBP 1b, 10 micrograms/ml; PBP 4, 26 micrograms/ml; PBP
      2, 90 micrograms/ml; PBPs 5 and 6 greater than 256 micrograms/ml. Direct binding
      studies with [14C]-cefonicid confirmed this pattern of binding. Subinhibitory
      concentrations of cefonicid (MIC, broth 0.2 microgram/ml, agar 0.4 microgram/ml)
      induced filamentation of E. coli KN-126. This implies that PBP 3 is the primary
      inhibitory site despite the higher affinity of PBP 1a for this cephalosporin.

PMID- 6376453
TI  - Bacterial uptake of habekacin, a novel aminoglycoside antibiotic.
AB  - Cellular uptake of habekacin, 1-N-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl)dibekacin, was
      studied by incubating exponentially growing culture of Escherichia coli Q13 and
      its kanamycin-resistant mutants with [3H]habekacin. Kanamycin-resistant mutants,
      in which the resistance is due to alteration of ribosomes, were cross-resistant
      to habekacin, and showed a lower uptake of [3H]habekacin than the parental cells,
      suggesting that binding to ribosomes accelerates cellular uptake of habekacin.
      Cellular accumulation of [3H]habekacin by wild type cells was markedly inhibited
      by low temperature and by 2,4-dinitrophenol, suggesting that uptake of habekacin
      involves energy-dependent transport. The uptake of [3H]habekacin was reduced by
      various aminoglycoside antibiotics, suggesting common transport systems and/or
      common internal binding sites on the ribosome. Intracellular accumulation of
      [3H]dibekacin was reduced by habekacin, suggesting that both antibiotics possess
      a common transport system and/or common binding sites on the ribosome. Dibekacin
      was a better competitor than amikacin, suggesting that the dibekacin moiety of
      habekacin molecule, but not the 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl moiety, participates in
      the transport and/or binding to the ribosome. Binding of [3H]habekacin to E. coli
      ribosomes was reversed by various aminoglycosides and the degree of inhibition
      paralleled the one of cellular uptake, suggesting that competition by
      aminoglycosides for the habekacin uptake occurs at the ribosomal level.

PMID- 6376454
TI  - Microtubules in the cochlea of the hypothyroid developing rat.
AB  - In order to study the effects of hypothyroidism on the development of
      microtubules in the cochlea, rat pups were rendered hypothyroid by daily
      administration of propylthiouracil. Microtubules were studied by
      immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. The absence of immunostaining of
      pillar cells with antimicrotubule or antitubulin antibodies was correlated with a
      retarded morphological development of microtubules within these same structures.
      The above alterations induced an abnormal development of pillar cells, non
      appearance of the tunnel of Corti, and stunted epithelial growth. In contrast, a
      distinct immunoreaction was observed under the outer hair cells. This was
      attributed to abnormal persistence of afferent dendrites containing microtubules.
      The results suggest that, while the effect of thyroid hormone on microtubules in
      afferent cochlear dendrites could not be demonstrated, thyroid hormone is
      necessary for the normal development of microtubules in epithelial structures.

PMID- 6376455
TI  - Mutagenic responses of tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) plant, pyrrolizidine
      alkaloids and metabolites in goat milk with the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome
      mutagenicity test.
AB  - Tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea ) was evaluated for animal and human health
      hazard using the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome mutagenicity test. An acetone
      extract of tansy ragwort (TR) produced a negative mutagenic response for
      bacterial tester strains TA1535 and TA100 and a toxic response in tester strains
      TA1537 and TA98. Assay of this extract in the presence of mammalian liver
      microsomes (S-9) resulted in positive mutagenic responses in tester strains
      TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100. Species differences were evaluated by use of
      liver microsome preparations from induced rat and uninduced sheep, beef, hamster,
      trout and rat. Only a slight species difference was demonstrated. A mixture of
      pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA), extracted from TR flowers, produced a negative
      response in tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100. A negative response
      was also demonstrated when the TR flower PA mixture was assayed with the
      Salmonella tester strains and induced rat liver microsomes ( IRLM ). A mixture of
      PA extracted from Senecio longilobus also produced a negative response. The major
      PA present in TR, jacobine , produced a negative response without and with IRLM
      exposure in tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100. Another similar PA,
      monocrotaline, found in various Crotalaria species also gave a negative response.
      Milk from TR-fed goats was evaluated for mutagenic response. Milk from goats not
      receiving TR and from goats receiving TR at a level of 1% of their body
      weight/day via rumen cannula produced a negative response without liver
      microsomes present. Milk from TR-fed goats, however, yielded both negative and
      marginally positive responses for different combinations of tester strains and
      liver microsome preparations.

PMID- 6376456
TI  - Effect of castration on plasma luteinizing hormone concentrations in prepubertal
      boars.
AB  - Mean concentrations and the occurrence of pulsatile release of luteinizing
      hormone (LH) were determined in 14-wk-old crossbred boars (50.5 +/- 1.5 kg) after
      bilateral or unilateral castration at 10 wk of age. Blood was collected at 10-min
      intervals for 5 h. Then gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH; 40 micrograms) was
      given and sampling was continued at 5-min intervals for 1 h. Compared with intact
      boars, bilateral castration increased (P less than .001) mean LH (982 +/- 56 vs
      389 +/- 56 pg/ml), pulsatile releases of LH (7.0 +/- .6 vs 2.0 +/- .6 pulses/5 h)
      and LH pulse amplitude (617 +/- 29 vs 360 +/- 58 pg/ml). Unilaterally castrated
      boars did not differ from intact boars in any of the above measures of LH
      secretion. Testis weight increased more between 10 and 14 wk of age in the
      unilateral castrates than in the intact boars (432 +/- 42 vs 245 +/- 34%; P less
      than .05). Thus, compensatory hypertrophy occurred within 4 wk of castration.
      Plasma testosterone was lower for bilateral castrates than for intact animals (.1
      +/- .8 vs 3.6 +/- .9 ng/ml; P less than .05) while unilateral castrates (3.8 +/-
      1.0 ng/ml) and intact boars did not differ. Plasma estradiol concentrations in
      bilateral and unilateral castrates were not different from levels found in intact
      boars (1.8 +/- 1.8, 8.8 +/- 2.1 and 6.0 +/- 1.8 pg/ml, respectively).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6376457
TI  - In-vitro antibacterial activity of Sch 25393, a fluorinated analogue of
      thiamphenicol.
AB  - The in-vitro antibacterial activity of a fluorinated analogue of thiamphenicol,
      Sch 25393, has been evaluated in comparison with chloramphenicol and
      thiamphenicol. The substitution of an hydroxyl group at position 3 and of two
      atoms of chlorine with fluorine in the acyl side-chain improves remarkably the
      antibacterial activity of the compound against strains resistant to
      chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol because of the production of
      acetyltransferases, but not against strains resistant because of non-enzymatic
      mechanisms of resistance. Although itself resistant to the enzymatic
      inactivation, Sch 25393 is unable to inhibit the acetylation of chloramphenicol
      and thiamphenicol.

PMID- 6376458
TI  - Evaluation of ceftazidime, ampicillin and chloramphenicol in experimental
      Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis.
AB  - In an infant rat model of Haemophilus influenzae, type b meningitis, where
      treatment was given 24 and 48 h after infection, the dose of ceftazidime required
      to eradicate the infection from the CSF of half the animals (CD50) ranged from
      less than 0.15-1.5 mg/kg/dose. The accompanying blood infections were marginally
      less responsive to therapy with CD50 values ranging from 0.5-3.9 mg/kg/dose.
      Comparable data for ampicillin were 12.5-40 mg/kg/dose and 20- greater than 200
      mg/kg/dose for the CSF and blood infections while those for chloramphenicol were
      18- greater than 100 mg/kg/dose and 22- greater than 100 mg/kg/dose for the CSF
      and blood infections respectively. Investigation of the relative rates of kill in
      vivo showed that all three drugs rapidly reduced the bacterial numbers to minimal
      levels. However, whereas ceftazidime completely eradicated the infection,
      chloramphenicol, and to a lesser extent, ampicillin-treated rats experienced
      substantial relapsing. Ceftazidime penetrated into the CSF of infected and
      uninfected rats slightly better than ampicillin--7.3% compared to 4.0% of the
      corresponding blood levels respectively. These results indicate that ceftazidime
      is significantly more active in the infant rat model of H. influenzae, type b
      meningitis than ampicillin or chloramphenicol.

PMID- 6376459
TI  - Therapeutic activity of ceftazidime and eleven other beta-lactam antibiotics
      against experimental Haemophilus influenzae, type b meningitis.
AB  - Twelve beta-lactams (11 cephalosporins and aztreonam) were compared in an infant
      rat model of Haemophilus influenzae, type b meningitis. Ceftazidime was the most
      effective compound tested and showed greater activity than cefuroxime, latamoxef
      (moxalactam) and cefotaxime--all of which have been used successfully in clinical
      haemophilus meningitis in children.

PMID- 6376460
TI  - Review of bacterial resistance--a challenge to the treatment of urinary
      infection.

PMID- 6376461
TI  - A review of the problem of urinary infection management and the evaluation of a
      potential new antibiotic.

PMID- 6376462
TI  - Entomological photography--a history.

PMID- 6376463
TI  - Moses Maimonides' Treatise on Asthma.

PMID- 6376464
TI  - Nasal and paranasal allergy.

PMID- 6376465
TI  - Application of a new direct-writing recorder device, the "Astograph," to the
      evaluation of methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic children.

PMID- 6376466
TI  - Psychological factors associated with pediatric asthma death: a review.
AB  - The preceding review of the literature on pediatric asthma death encompasses a
      broad range of emotional and psychological variables, some of which may
      ultimately prove to be meaningfully related to asthma death in childhood.
      However, the essential question of the role of psychological factors in pediatric
      asthma death remains unanswered. This area of investigation is still in its
      earliest stages, having relied heavily to date on retrospection, anecdotal
      recordings, and theoretical speculation. Additionally, conceptualization of the
      problem has been impeded not only by the remaining medical mysteries of asthma,
      but by considerable overlap among the psychological constructs considered, and a
      lack of clarity and confirming evidence about the physiological and/or behavioral
      mechanisms which would mediate the influence of proposed psychological factors on
      the course of the disease. As has been common in the history of psychosomatic
      research, there has been a tendency to search for a unitary underlying
      psychological factor that would account for asthma death (e.g., anxiety,
      psychopathology, a symbiotic mother-child relationship, or nebulizer overuse).
      However, a perusal of the literature casts doubt on the likelihood that a single
      psychological factor will provide the answers. Rather, serious problems in
      pediatric asthma management and fatal outcome appear more likely to be the end
      result of disruptions in the complex interactions and delicate balance among
      physiological, pharmacological, environmental, and interpersonal factors. The
      interpersonal milieu itself may represent potentially complicated and dangerous
      elements as it consists of medical staff, patient, and family members, each with
      his or her own limitations of intellect, judgment, and capacity to cope with
      emotional stress and the stress engendered by a chronic, sometimes frustrating,
      and potentially lethal disease. Nevertheless, the literature offers a variety of
      features which thus far have been found to characterize at least some cases of
      pediatric asthma death. There is fairly consistent agreement demographically that
      children under 5 yr of age and between the ages of 10 and 14 yr are at increased
      risk, as are nonwhite children. Sex-related differences are less clear. While a
      standard medical profile of the pediatric asthma patient at high risk for a fatal
      outcome does not yet exist, a number of "increased risk" indicators have been
      suggested, including for example, a history of particularly severe asthma, rapid
      onset attacks, and medical complications.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6376467
TI  - Modifications for the Starkey Hearing Science Laboratory.
AB  - Directions were given to modify the Starkey HSL for more efficient programming
      capabilities (Memory Address Modifier), subject response (Response Box), and
      feedback (Logic Control) functions. These modifications improved classroom
      demonstrations in that subject response, as in actual experiments, may be
      demonstrated, and more than one experiment can be programmed prior to class.
      These changes also improved the HSL potential for clinical and research
      applications.

PMID- 6376468
TI  - S-phase, G2, and nuclear division mutants of Aspergillus nidulans.
AB  - Twenty-two temperature-sensitive cell cycle mutants of the fungus Aspergillus
      nidulans, which block in interphase at restrictive temperature, were analyzed by
      the reciprocal shift method of Jarvik and Botstein (Proc. Nath Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
      70:2046-2050, 1973) and Hereford and Hartwell (J. Mol. Biol. 84:445-461, 1974) to
      determine whether these mutations were blocked at the G1, S, or G2 phase of the
      cell cycle. We found five mutants to be blocked in S and nine to be blocked in
      G2. Two of the G2 mutants were atypical in that they were not able to accomplish
      the G2 to M transition at restrictive temperature but nevertheless could initiate
      subsequent cycles of DNA replication. None was blocked in G1. There were nine
      strains that could not be classified. The block imposed by restrictive
      temperature was irreversible in three of these strains, and the six other strains
      were unclassifiable due to their aberrant terminal nuclear phenotypes.

PMID- 6376469
TI  - Regulation by molecular oxygen and organic substrates of hydrogenase synthesis in
      Alcaligenes eutrophus.
AB  - Chemoautotrophic growth of Alcaligenes eutrophus 17707 is inhibited by 20% oxygen
      in the gas phase. Lowering the oxygen concentration to 4% results in
      chloramphenicol-sensitive derepression of soluble and membrane-bound hydrogenase
      activity (and of soluble hydrogenase antigen), showing that oxygen inhibition is
      due at least in part to repression of hydrogenase synthesis. Mutations resulting
      in derepression of hydrogenase activity (and antigen) under 25% oxygen (Ose-)
      mobilized with a self-transmissable plasmid which is already known to carry genes
      necessary for hydrogenase expression. Plasmid-borne mutations resulting in loss
      of soluble hydrogenase activity have no effect on the Ose phenotype, but
      chromosomal mutations resulting in reduction or loss of both hydrogenase
      activities cannot be made Ose-. The Ose- mutation does not alter the
      thermostability of either hydrogenase, and soluble hydrogenase in the mutant
      reacts with complete identity with that of the wild type, indicating that the Ose
      phenotype does not result from structural alterations in either enzyme. Ose-
      mutants are also relieved of normal hydrogenase repression by organic substrates,
      which aggravates hydrogenase-mediated inhibition of heterotrophic growth by
      hydrogen. Regulation of hydrogenase in Ose- strains of A. eutrophus 17707 is
      nearly identical to that of wild-type A. eutrophus strains H1 and H16.

PMID- 6376470
TI  - Development and trifoliin A-binding ability of the capsule of Rhizobium trifolii.
AB  - The age-dependent lectin-binding ability of Rhizobium trifolii 0403 capsular
      polysaccharide (CPS) was examined by following the development of the capsule and
      its ability to interact with the white clover lectin trifoliin A. Bacteria grown
      on agar plates for 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 days were examined by electron microscopy
      and immunofluorescence microscopy with antibodies prepared against either R.
      trifolii 0403 CPS or trifoliin A after pretreatment with the lectin. The capsule
      began to develop at one pole by day 3 and completely surrounded the cells in
      cultures incubated for 5 days or longer. The capsular polysaccharide on cells
      cultured for 3 and 5 days was completely reactive with trifoliin A, became
      noticeably less reactive by day 7, and was only reactive with the lectin at one
      pole of a few cells after that time. The quantity and location of lectin
      receptors on bacteria of different ages directly correlated with their attachment
      in short-term clover root hair-binding studies. Cells from 3- or 21-day-old
      cultures attached almost exclusively in a polar fashion, whereas cells grown for
      5 days attached to root hairs randomly and in the highest numbers. CPS isolated
      from a 5-day-old culture had higher lectin-binding ability than CPS from 3- and 7
      day-old cultures, whereas the CPS from a 14-day-old culture had the lowest.
      Chemical analyses of the isolated CPS showed changes in the levels of uronic
      acids (as glucuronic acid), pyruvate, and O-acetyl substitutions with culture
      age, but the neutral sugar composition remained relatively constant. These
      results provide evidence that the age-dependent distribution of lectin receptors
      dictates the level and orientation of attachments of R. trifolii 0403 to clover
      root hairs.

PMID- 6376471
TI  - Salmonella typhimurium synthesizes cobalamin (vitamin B12) de novo under
      anaerobic growth conditions.
AB  - In this paper, we report that the enteric bacterium Salmonella typhimurium
      synthesized cobalamin de novo under anaerobic culture conditions. Aerobically,
      metE mutants of S. typhimurium need either methionine or cobalamin as a
      nutritional supplement for growth. The growth response to cobalamin depends upon
      a cobalamin-requiring enzyme, encoded by the gene metH, that catalyzes the same
      reaction as the metE enzyme. Anaerobically, metE mutants grew without any
      nutritional supplements; the metH enzyme functioned under these conditions due to
      the endogenous biosynthesis of cobalamin. This conclusion was confirmed by using
      a radiochemical assay to measure cobalamin production. Insertion mutants
      defective in cobalamin biosynthesis (designated cob) were isolated in the three
      major branches of the cobalamin biosynthetic pathway. Type I mutations blocked
      the synthesis of cobinamide, type II mutations blocked the synthesis of 5,6
      dimethylbenzimidazole, and type III mutations blocked the synthesis of cobalamin
      from cobinamide and 5,6-dimethylbanzimidazole. Mutants that did not synthesize
      siroheme (cysG) were blocked in cobalamin synthesis. Genetic mapping experiments
      showed that the cob mutations are clustered in the region of the S. typhimurium
      chromosome between supD (40 map units) and his (42 map units). The discovery that
      S. typhimurium synthesizes cobalamin de novo only under anaerobic conditions
      raises the possibility that anaerobically grown cells possess a variety of
      enzymes which are dependent upon cobalamin as a cofactor.

PMID- 6376473
TI  - Protein synthesis is required for in vivo activation of polysialic acid capsule
      synthesis in Escherichia coli K1.
AB  - The kinetics of in vivo expression of the polysialosyl (K1) capsular antigen in
      Escherichia coli has been studied. Growth of E. coli K1 strains at 15 degrees C
      prevents K1 polysaccharide synthesis (F. A. Troy and M. A. McCloskey, J. Biol.
      Chem. 254:7377-7387, 1979). Synthesis is reactivated in cells grown at 15 degrees
      C after upshift to 37 degrees C. The early expression and resultant morphology of
      K1 capsular antigen was monitored in temperature upshift experiments by using
      electron microscopy. Morphological stabilization of the capsule was achieved by
      treatment of cells with an antiserum specific for the alpha, 2-8-linked
      polysialosyl antigen. The kinetics of K1 capsule expression in growing cells was
      measured by bacteriophage adsorption with phage K1F, which required the K1
      capsule for binding. The results of temperature upshift experiments showed that
      capsule first appeared on the cell surface after 10 min. Subsequent bacteriophage
      binding increased linearly with time until a fully encapsulated state was reached
      45 min after upshift. The initiation of K1 capsule appearance was dependent on
      protein synthesis and the addition of chloramphenicol before temperature upshift
      prevented any expression of the K1 antigen. Chloramphenicol reduced the rate of
      K1 synthesis when added after temperature upshift. We conclude from these results
      that protein synthesis is a prerequisite for activation of capsule expression in
      vivo, but not for subsequent elongation of polysialosyl chains.

PMID- 6376472
TI  - Exogenous induction of the iron dicitrate transport system of Escherichia coli K
      12.
AB  - Streptonigrin was used to select mutants impaired in the citrate-dependent iron
      transport system of Escherichia coli K-12. Mutants in fecA and fecB could not
      transport iron via citrate. fecA-lac and fecB-lac operon fusions were constructed
      with the aid of phage Mu dl(Ap lac). Strains deficient in ferric dicitrate
      transport which were mutated in fecB were as inducible as transport-active
      strains. They expressed the FecA outer membrane protein and beta-galactosidase of
      the fecB-lac operon fusions. In contrast, all fecA::lac mutants and fecA mutants
      induced with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine did not respond to ferric
      dicitrate supplied in the growth medium. tonB fecB mutants which were lacking all
      tonB-related functions were not inducible. We conclude that binding of iron in
      the presence of citrate to the outer membrane receptor protein is required for
      induction of the transport system. In addition, the tonB gene has to be active.
      However, iron and citrate must not be transported into the cytoplasm for the
      induction process. These data support our previous conclusion of an exogenous
      induction mechanism. Mutants in fur expressed the transport system nearly
      constitutively. In wild-type cells limiting the iron concentration in the medium
      enhanced the expression of the transport system. Thus, the citrate-dependent iron
      transport system shares regulatory devices with the other iron transport systems
      in E. coli and, in addition, requires ferric dicitrate for induction.

PMID- 6376474
TI  - Acquisition of Escherichia coli outer membrane proteins by Bdellovibrio sp.
      strain 109D.
AB  - The ability of Bdellovibrio sp. to acquire the OmpF major outer membrane protein
      from its Escherichia coli prey was examined to determine if there were other
      outer membrane proteins which could or could not be acquired. Growth of
      bdellovibrios on mutant prey which were defective in the expression of outer
      membrane proteins revealed that Bdellovibrio sp. could acquire the OmpC protein
      in the absence of the OmpF protein. However, the OmpA, LamB, and protein 2
      proteins could not be found in the Bdellovibrio Triton-insoluble outer membrane.
      The disappearance of the OmpF and OmpC proteins from the bdelloplast surface was
      measured, and it was determined that Bdellovibrio sp. exhibited a kinetic and
      temporal preference for the OmpF protein. Bdellovibrios could be grown on porin
      deficient prey, and the progeny bdellovibrios possessed outer membranes with a
      protein mass deficiency.

PMID- 6376475
TI  - Conditional inversion of the thermoresponse in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Mutants in Escherichia coli having defects in one of the methyl-accepting
      chemotaxis proteins, Tsr protein, which is the chemoreceptor and transducer for L
      serine, showed a reduced but similar type of thermoresponse compared with wild
      type strains; the cells showed smooth swimming upon temperature increase and
      tumbling upon temperature decrease. However, when the mutant cells were adapted
      to attractants such as L-aspartate and maltose, which are specific to another
      methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein, Tar protein, the direction of the
      thermoresponse was found to be inverted; a temperature increase induced tumbling
      and a temperature decrease induced smooth swimming. Consistent with this, the
      mutant cells showed inverted changes in the methylation level of Tar protein upon
      temperature changes. Wild-type strains but not Tar protein-deficient mutants
      exhibited the inverted thermoresponse when the cells were simultaneously adapted
      to L-aspartate and L-serine, indicating that Tar protein has a key role in the
      inversion of the thermoresponse. Thus, besides Tsr protein, Tar protein has a
      certain role in thermoreception. A simple model for thermoreception and inversion
      of the thermoresponse is also discussed.

PMID- 6376476
TI  - Chemosensory and thermosensory excitation in adaptation-deficient mutants of
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein-methyltransferase-deficient mutants, cheR
      mutants, of Escherichia coli showed a tumble response to repellents only at low
      temperatures, and the resultant tumbling lasted unless the condition was changed.
      The swimming pattern of the repellent-treated cells was different at different
      temperatures, indicating that the absolute temperature is a determinant of the
      tumbling frequency of those cells. The tumbling of those cells was also
      suppressed by the addition of attractants. Under a suitable repellent
      concentration, the tumbling frequency of the cells was found to be simply
      determined by the ligand occupancy of chemoreceptors for many attractants. In a
      methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein-methylesterase-deficient mutant, a cheB
      deletion mutant, the tumbling frequency was also determined by receptor occupancy
      of some attractants. These results indicate that in the adaptation-deficient
      mutants, sensory signals are produced in proportion to the amount of ligand-bound
      or of thermally altered receptors and transmitted to the flagellar motors without
      any modification. Thus, it is concluded that the adaptation system, namely, the
      methylation-demethylation system of methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins, is not
      concerned with the step of chemosensory or thermosensory excitation. A simple
      model is proposed to explain how the swimming pattern of the adaptation-deficient
      mutants is determined.

PMID- 6376477
TI  - Evidence for osmoregulation of cell growth and buoyant density in Escherichia
      coli.
AB  - The buoyant density of cells of Escherichia coli B/r NC32 increased with the
      osmolarity of the growth medium. Growth rate and its variability were also
      dependent upon the osmolarity of the medium. Maximum growth rates and minimum
      variability of these rates were obtained in Luria broth by addition of NaCl to a
      concentration of about 0.23 M.

PMID- 6376478
TI  - Kinetics of methylation in Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - Newly synthesized DNA is undermethylated in E. coli K-12. The amount of N6-methyl
      deoxyadenylic acid in labeled DNA varied from 0.3 mol% of total adenine for a 2
      min pulse to 1.7 mol% for DNA that was labeled for more than two generations.

PMID- 6376479
TI  - Comparison of the electrocardiographic effect of dothiepin and amitriptyline.
AB  - Electrocardiograms of 65 patients treated with dothiepin, a sulphur substituted
      tricyclic antidepressant, were compared to those of 57 patients receiving
      amitriptyline and 62 patients given placebo. Amitriptyline produced an average
      heart rate increase of 10 beats/minute as compared to 5 beats/minute for
      dothiepin (p less than .02). Amitriptyline also produced a significant
      prolongation of the corrected QT interval as compared to both dothiepin and
      placebo (p less than .01 and p less than .001, respectively). Dothiepin had no
      significant effect on any index of myocardial conduction (PR interval, corrected
      QT interval, and QRS duration) as compared to placebo.

PMID- 6376480
TI  - Droperidol vs. haloperidol in the initial management of acutely agitated
      patients.
AB  - In a double-blind clinical study, 27 acutely agitated patients were treated with
      an intramuscular injection of 5 mg of droperidol or 5 mg of haloperidol from
      identical appearing vials. At 30 minutes following treatment, 81% of the patients
      treated with haloperidol but only 36% treated with droperidol required a second
      injection (p less than .05). Thus, droperidol, a safe butyrophenone neuroleptic,
      appears to be a drug of choice for rapid and reliable control of acute agitation.

PMID- 6376481
TI  - Problems with diagnostic criteria for depression.
AB  - Limitations of the three major psychiatric diagnostic systems are discussed, with
      particular reference to depression and its subtypes. The lack of demonstrated
      reliability and validity for standard diagnoses, and the use of these diagnoses
      as independent variables in clinical research, is criticized. Possible approaches
      to improving current classification methods include increased specificity and
      sensitivity of symptoms, differential weighting, and objective recording.
      Scientific validation procedures should be applied to the classification of
      depressions, including studies of natural history and course, specific
      antidepressant drug responses, and the use of laboratory markers such as the
      dexamethasone suppression test and sleep EEG parameters.

PMID- 6376482
TI  - Defining the boundaries of atypical depression.
AB  - Psychopharacologist have had a longstanding interest in identifying a depressive
      subtype which selectively benefits from monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). A
      superior rate of improvement with MAOI treatment might help delineate a
      depressive subgroup with pathophysiology different from other depressive
      syndromes. Research is described which indicates that patients with reactivity of
      mood, as well as two of four associated features (hypersomnia, overeating,
      lethargy, and rejection sensitivity), may have a preferential response to
      phenelzine as compared with imipramine or placebo. Preliminary data are presented
      to suggest that patients with reactive mood and only one associated feature may
      have a preferential response rate to phenelzine compared to imipramine and
      placebo. Data on patients with reactive mood but no associated features are
      insufficient at this point to draw any conclusions.

PMID- 6376483
TI  - Psychopharmacologic validation of atypical depression.
AB  - Sixty patients meeting specific criteria for atypical depression completed 6
      weeks of double-blind, randomly assigned treatment with phenelzine, imipramine,
      or placebo. Patients who had a history of spontaneous panic attacks or hysteriod
      dysphoric features showed extremely low placebo-response rates, moderate
      responses to imipramine, and high rates of response to phenelzine. Conversely,
      patients without such features responded moderately well to all three treatments.
      Based on preliminary data, MAOI-specific atypical depression does appear to
      exist, although in more delimited forms than previously recognized.

PMID- 6376484
TI  - Assessing treatment response to the monoamine oxidase inhibitor isocarboxazid.
AB  - The response to the MAOI isocarboxazid was investigated in a two-phase protocol.
      Phase 1 was a double-blind, placebo-controlled study; Phase 2 was an open active
      medication trial for Phase 1 placebo patients who still met symptom criteria. In
      Phase 1, 60 male outpatients were randomly divided into placebo or active
      medication groups. Mean platelet MAO inhibition was 86% by Week 1, while
      significant symptomatic improvement was not seen until Week 3. In Phase 2, 16 of
      the symptomatic placebo patients were given an open trial on isocarboxazid; thus,
      43 patients received a trial of active medication. Separation of responders (N =
      26) from nonresponders (N = 17) by discriminant function analysis using 3 entry
      variables (platelet MAO activity, standing diastolic blood pressure, and
      psychomotor irregularity) accounted for 28% of the variance, with correct
      classification of 32 of the 43 patients.

PMID- 6376485
TI  - Side effects of isocarboxazid.
AB  - Three double-blind, placebo controlled studies found isocarboxazid (40-50 mg/day)
      to be efficacious and safe for the treatment of atypical depression. The few
      instances of liver function elevations were generally borderline; one patient had
      a marked increase of both SGOT and SGPT (with normal bilirubin and alkaline
      phosphatase) at Week 6 which normalized over the next several months. Another
      patient had a mild, temporary hypertensive reaction after eating cheese but did
      not require any treatment alterations. Drops in both systolic and diastolic blood
      pressures, as well as orthostatic changes, were common but generally mild and
      well-tolerated. The most frequently noted side effects were dizziness, headache,
      dry mouth, insomnia, and constipation. Clinical adverse reactions tended to be
      mild and to respond to dosage decreases. Isocarboxazid appears to be an
      underutilized and potentially valuable agent for the treatment of depressed
      patients.

PMID- 6376486
TI  - The combined use of MAOIs and tricyclics.
AB  - Combined MAOI-tricyclic treatment remains a plausible approach to depressions
      refractory to single drugs. Adherence to published guidelines should minimize
      special risks of the combined treatment. However, such risks do exist, and should
      be borne in mind. Most severe reactions - characterized by hyperthermia,
      delirium, convulsions, and sometimes fatal outcome - have occurred after a
      tricyclic was added to established MAOI treatment. Combined treatment may be
      associated with a lower risk of hypertensive crisis than treatment with MAOI
      alone. There are no data from double-blind, control-group studies to demonstrate
      an advantage for the MAOI-tricyclic combination in refractory depression.
      However, almost no such data exist to establish the advantage of any other
      treatment in this clinical situation. Clinical experience provides the primary
      basis for continued consideration of this approach when usual treatments have
      failed.

PMID- 6376488
TI  - Networking computergraphics: The Veterans Administration approach.
AB  - In addition to providing health care for veterans, the Department of Medicine and
      Surgery is responsible for health-related research, education, and training in
      the Veterans Administration. To accomplish these goals, Regional Learning
      Resources Services and Regional Medical Education Centers develop, design, and
      distribute instructional materials to facilitate continuing staff and patient
      education. This paper describes the organization and management of the
      computergraphics network that supports these efforts.

PMID- 6376487
TI  - Differential response patterns to MAO inhibitors and tricyclics.
AB  - The concept of atypical depression is reviewed and data comparing the clinical
      effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants are
      presented. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are indicated for treatment of syndromes
      of panic and generalized anxiety with or without supervening atypical depression.
      The two classes of drugs have contrasting effects on adrenergic metabolism which
      may be related to the superior antianxiety and antipanic effects of monoamine
      oxidase inhibitors.

PMID- 6376489
TI  - Rat hepatic microsomal acetoacetyl-CoA reductase. A beta-ketoacyl-CoA reductase
      distinct from the long chain beta-ketoacyl-CoA reductase component of the
      microsomal fatty acid chain elongation system.
AB  - The present study provides evidence for a new rat liver microsomal enzyme, a
      short chain beta-ketoacyl (acetoacetyl)-CoA reductase, which is separate from the
      long chain beta-ketoacyl-CoA reductase component of the microsomal fatty acid
      chain elongation system. This microsomal reductase converts acetoacetyl-CoA to
      beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA at a rate of 70 nmol/min/mg of protein; the enzyme has a
      specific requirement for NADH and appears to obtain electrons directly from the
      reduced pyridine nucleotide without the intervention of cytochrome b5 and its
      flavoprotein reductase. The apparent Km of the enzyme of the acetoacetyl-CoA was
      21 microM and for the cofactor, 18 microM. The pH optimum was broad, ranging from
      6.5 to 8.0. The product formed is the D-isomer of beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA. High
      carbohydrate fat-free diet resulted in a small but significant (35%) increase in
      microsomal acetoacetyl-CoA reductase activity. The cytosol also contains this
      enzyme activity, measuring approximately 57% of that found in the microsomes. The
      mitochondrial activity which is 20-25% higher than the microsomal activity
      appears to be due to L-beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase which converts
      acetoacetyl-CoA to L-beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA. The microsomal acetoacetyl-CoA
      reductase activity was extracted from the microsomal membrane by 0.4 M KCl,
      resulting in an 8- to 10-fold purification; in addition, the long chain fatty
      acid elongation system was unaffected by this extraction procedure. Employing
      beta- hydroxyhexanoyl -CoA as a substrate, evidence is also provided for a
      separate dehydratase which acts on short chain substrates. Lastly, the liver
      microsomes had no detectable acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase or acetyl-CoA
      acetyltransferase activities. Hence, the possible involvement of the rat hepatic
      microsomal short chain beta-ketoacyl-CoA reductase, short chain beta-hydroxyacyl
      CoA dehydratase, and the previously reported short chain trans-2-enoyl-CoA
      reductase in the hepatic utilization of acetoacetyl-CoA and in the synthesis of
      butyryl-CoA for hepatic lipogenesis is discussed.

PMID- 6376490
TI  - DNA polymerase I and DNA primase complex in yeast.
AB  - Chromatographic analysis of poly(dT) replication activity in fresh yeast extracts
      showed that the activities required co-fractionate with the yeast DNA polymerase
      I. Since poly(dT) replication requires both a primase and a DNA polymerase, the
      results of the fractionation studies suggest that these two enzymes might exist
      as a complex in the yeast extract. Sucrose gradient analysis of concentrated
      purified yeast DNA polymerase I preparations demonstrates that the yeast DNA
      polymerase I does sediment as a complex with DNA primase activity. Two DNA
      polymerase I peptides estimated at 78,000 and 140,000 Da were found in the
      complex that were absent from the primase-free DNA polymerase fraction. Rabbit
      anti-yeast DNA polymerase I antibody inhibits DNA polymerase I but not DNA
      primase although rabbit antibodies are shown to remove DNA primase activity from
      solution by binding to the complex. Mouse monoclonal antibody to yeast DNA
      polymerase I binds to free yeast DNA polymerase I as well as the complex, but not
      to the free DNA primase activity. These results suggest that these two activities
      exist as a complex and reside on the different polypeptides. Replication of
      poly(dT) and single-stranded circular phage DNA by yeast DNA polymerase I and
      primase requires ATP and dNTPs. The size of the primer produced is 8 to 9
      nucleotides in the presence of dNTPs and somewhat larger in the absence of dNTPs.
      Aphidicolin, an inhibitor of yeast DNA polymerase I, is not inhibitory to the
      yeast DNA primase activity. The primase activity is inhibited by adenosine 5'-(3
      thio)tri-phosphate but not by alpha-amanitin. The association of yeast DNA
      polymerase I and yeast DNA primase can be demonstrated directly by isolation of
      the complex on a column containing yeast DNA polymerase I mouse monoclonal
      antibody covalently linked to Protein A-Sepharose. Both DNA polymerase I and DNA
      primase activities are retained by the column and can be eluted with 3.5 M MgCl2.
      Part of the primase activity can be dissociated from DNA polymerase on the column
      with 1 M MgCl2 and this free primase activity can be detected as poly(dT)
      replication activity in the presence of Escherichia coli polymerase I.

PMID- 6376491
TI  - Initial velocity kinetic analysis of 30 S initiation complex formation in an in
      vitro translation system derived from Escherichia coli.
AB  - The analysis of initial velocity kinetic data was used to examine the order in
      which fMet-tRNA and the coat cistron of genomic bacteriophage R17 or Q beta RNA
      bind to the 30 S ribosome subunit. These data were obtained using a quantitative
      assay for protein synthesis in Escherichia coli extracts where the rate of
      accumulation of protein product is dependent on the concentration of mRNA and is
      partially dependent on fMet-tRNA. Under the conditions of this assay, the amount
      of protein synthesized was proportional to the formation of ternary complexes
      between the mRNA, fMet-tRNA, and the 30 S ribosomal subunit. The results from the
      initial velocity and alternative substrate experiments are consistent with a
      rapid equilibrium ordered mechanism as opposed to a rapid equilibrium random
      mechanism. Analysis of the rate of coat protein synthesis at varied
      concentrations of mRNA and fixed concentrations of fMet-tRNA indicated that fMet
      tRNA was the first substrate to bind to the 30 S subunit when either coat cistron
      was used as the mRNA. This scheme assumes the existence of a relatively slow step
      in protein synthesis that occurs after both the initiating tRNA and mRNA are
      bound to the ribosome and which allows substrate addition to reach thermodynamic
      equilibrium.

PMID- 6376492
TI  - Mechanism of proline transport in Escherichia coli K12. I. Effect of a membrane
      potential on the kinetics of 2H+/proline symport in cytoplasmic membrane
      vesicles.
AB  - The stoichiometric coupling mechanism of the membrane potential (delta psi) in
      the reaction of H+/proline symport was investigated kinetically, using
      cytoplasmic membrane vesicles of the proline carrier-overproducing strain of
      Escherichia coli MinS/ pLC4 -45. When a delta psi was imposed across the
      cytoplasmic membrane by respiration, the Michaelis constant of transport (Kt) was
      lowered to about 1 microM, which was 2 orders of magnitude smaller than that of
      passive influx and efflux, and the maximum velocity (Vmax) was concomitantly
      enhanced as an exponential function of delta psi. Thermodynamically, the carrier
      translocated proline with a stoichiometry of 2 mol of protons versus 1 mol of
      substrate when driven by a delta psi at pH 8.0. Data on the delta psi dependence
      of Vmax of proline transport could be explained quantitatively by the Geck-Heinz
      hypothesis (Geck, P., and Heinz, E. (1976) Biochim, Biophys. Acta 443, 49-63). A
      symmetrical model of the 2H+/proline symport via formation of a
      carrier/H+/substrate (CH+H+S) intermediate is proposed. In this model, the effect
      of delta psi on the Kt was resolved as stimulation of formation of a transport
      intermediate, whereas the effect of delta psi on the Vmax was explained by
      enhancement of translocation of loaded carriers between the two sides of the
      membrane.

PMID- 6376493
TI  - Mechanism of proline transport in Escherichia coli K12. II. Effect of alkaline
      cations on binding of proline to a H+/proline symport carrier in cytoplasmic
      membrane vesicles.
AB  - The substrate binding reaction of the proline carrier was investigated in
      nonenergized conditions using cytoplasmic membrane vesicles prepared from the
      proline carrier-overproducing strain MinS/ pLC4 -45 of Escherichia coli K12. The
      binding activity specifically required both alkaline cations (X+), Na+ and Li+,
      and protons. The Na+-dependent binding activity was dependent on the proline
      carrier, which is the product of the putP gene, and was not affected by
      ionophores and energy transduction inhibitors. The parameters of proline binding
      were determined by double reciprocal plots in reaction media with various
      combinations of Na+ and H+ concentrations. The apparent dissociation constant was
      greatly affected by the Na+ and H+ concentrations of the medium and could be
      expressed as a combination of the reciprocals of the Na+ and H+ concentrations,
      while the maximum number of binding sites remained constant. The characteristics
      of proline binding to the carrier can be explained by a mechanism in which the
      unloaded carrier forms a carrier/H+/X+ (CH+X+) complex by a random equilibrium
      and only the CH+X+ complex binds substrate in nonenergized conditions, as
      proposed for the Na+/H+/glutamate symport carrier of E. coli B ( Fujimura , T.,
      Yamato , I., and Anraku , Y. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 1954-1959).

PMID- 6376495
TI  - A DNA primase that copurifies with the major DNA polymerase from the yeast
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Biochemical fractionation of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has revealed a
      novel DNA primase activity that copurifies with the major DNA polymerase
      activity. In the presence of RNA precursors and single-stranded DNA (poly(dT),
      M13), the DNA primase synthesizes discrete length oligoribonucleotides (apparent
      length, 8-12 nucleotides) as well as longer RNA chains that appear to be
      multiples of a modal length of 11-12 nucleotides. When DNA precursors are also
      present, the oligoribonucleotides are utilized by the accompanying DNA polymerase
      as primers for DNA synthesis. Copurification of these two enzymatic activities
      suggests their association in a physical complex which may function in the
      synthesis of Okazaki fragments at chromosomal replication forks.

PMID- 6376494
TI  - Mechanism of proline transport in Escherichia coli K12. III. Inhibition of
      membrane potential-driven proline transport by syn-coupled ions and evidence for
      symmetrical transition states of the 2H+/proline symport carrier.
AB  - Specific inhibition of 2H+/proline symport by syn-coupled ions (Na+, Li+, and H+)
      was investigated using cytoplasmic membrane vesicles prepared from the proline
      carrier-overproducing strain MinS/ pLC4 -45 of Escherichia coli K12. The
      2H+/proline symport driven by the membrane potential generated via respiration
      with 20 mM ascorbate/Tris, 0.1 mM phenazine methosulfate was specifically
      inhibited by Na+. The inhibition by Na+ was described by a fully noncompetitive
      mechanism, and the apparent Ki for Na+ was 15 mM. A linear correlation between
      the apparent Vmax and the apparent Kd was observed. Li+ stimulated the transport
      activity 2-fold at 10 mM and inhibited it at concentrations above 50 mM. H+
      caused fully noncompetitive inhibition of 2H+/proline symport, and its apparent
      Ki was 0.6 microM. These results indicate that the concentrations of Na+ and H+
      strictly and independently regulate the amount of the active C state carrier
      responsible for 2H+/proline symport driven by the membrane potential by
      inhibiting the transition from the C* state carrier which exhibits Na+- and H+
      dependent binding of proline and is predominant in nonenergized conditions.

PMID- 6376496
TI  - Nucleoside triphosphate binding to DNA polymerase III holoenzyme of Escherichia
      coli. A direct photoaffinity labeling study.
AB  - The physical basis of ATP binding and activation of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme
      was studied by an ultraviolet irradiation cross-linking technique. ATP and dATP
      were photocrosslinked to the alpha, tau, gamma, and delta subunits of holoenzyme;
      photocrosslinking of dATP was competitively inhibited by ATP. No
      photocrosslinking was observed with GTP or CTP, nor did GTP, CTP, or UTP inhibit
      cross-linking of ATP. ADP and adenosine 5'-O-(3-thio)-triphosphate, both potent
      inhibitors of ATP activation of holoenzyme, inhibited cross-linking of ATP to
      tau, gamma, and delta subunits, but not to the alpha subunit, suggesting that one
      or more of these subunits are ATP (or dATP)-binding sites. Photocrosslinking of
      dTTP to the ATP-activated holoenzyme was exclusively to the epsilon subunit, the
      dnaQ ( mutD ) gene product; dCTP and dGTP were not photocrosslinked to any
      subunit. Binding of dTTP was enhanced by ATP, but by no other nucleotide (or
      deoxynucleotide). This binding of dTTP to epsilon, a subunit likely responsible
      for regulation of proofreading by the holoenzyme, may function in the control of
      the fidelity of replication.

PMID- 6376497
TI  - Identification of subunit I as the cytochrome b558 component of the cytochrome d
      terminal oxidase complex of Escherichia coli.
AB  - The cytochrome d terminal oxidase complex was recently purified from Escherichia
      coli membranes (Miller, M. J., and Gennis , R. B. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 9159
      1965). The complex contains two polypeptides, subunits I and II, as shown by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and three
      spectroscopically defined cytochromes, b558 , a1, and d. A mutant that failed to
      oxidize N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine was obtained which was lacking
      this terminal oxidase complex and was shown to map at a locus called cyd on the
      E. coli genome. In this paper, localized mutagenesis was used to generate a
      series of mutants in the cytochrome d terminal oxidase. These mutants were
      isolated by a newly developed selection procedure based on their sensitivity to
      azide. Two classes of mutants which map to the cyd locus were obtained, cydA and
      cydB . The cydA phenotype included the lack of all three spectroscopically
      detectable cytochromes as well as the absence of both polypeptides, determined by
      immunological criteria. Strains manifesting the cydB phenotype lacked cytochromes
      a1 and d, but had a normal amount of cytochrome b558 . Immunological analysis
      showed that subunit I (57,000 daltons) was present in the membranes, but that
      subunit II (43,000 daltons) was missing. These data justify the conclusion that
      subunit I of this two-subunit complex can be identified as the cytochrome b558
      component of the cytochrome d terminal oxidase complex.

PMID- 6376498
TI  - Characterization of the cytochrome d terminal oxidase complex of Escherichia coli
      using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - The cytochrome d terminal oxidase complex is one of two terminal oxidases in the
      aerobic respiratory chain of Escherichia coli. Previous work has shown by dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis that this enzyme contains two subunits
      (I and II) and three cytochrome components, b558 , a1, and d. Reconstitution
      studies have demonstrated that the enzyme functions as a ubiquinol-8 oxidase and
      catalyzes an electrogenic reaction, i.e. turnover is accompanied by a charge
      separation across the membrane bilayer. In this paper, monoclonal and polyclonal
      antibodies were used to obtain structural information about the cytochrome d
      complex. It is shown that antibodies directed against subunit I effectively
      inhibit ubiquinol-1 oxidation by the purified enzyme in detergent, whereas
      antibodies which bind to subunit II have no effect on quinol oxidation. The
      oxidation rate of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine, in contrast, is
      unaffected by antisubunit I antibodies, but is inhibited by antibodies against
      subunit II. It is concluded that the quinol oxidation site is on subunit I,
      previously shown to be the cytochrome b558 component of the complex, and that
      N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine oxidation occurs at a secondary site on
      subunit II. The antibodies were also used to analyze the results of a protein
      cross-linking experiment. Dimethyl suberimidate was used to cross-link the
      subunits of purified, solubilized oxidase. Immunoblot analysis of the products of
      this cross-linking clearly indicate that subunit II probably exists as a dimer
      within the complex. Finally, it is shown that the purified enzyme contains
      tightly bound lipopolysaccharide. This was revealed after discovering that one of
      the monoclonal antibodies raised against the purified complex is actually
      directed against lipopolysaccharide. The significance of this finding is not
      known.

PMID- 6376500
TI  - Photoaffinity labeling of insulin-sensitive hexose transporters in intact rat
      adipocytes. Direct evidence that latent transporters become exposed to the
      extracellular space in response to insulin.
AB  - Irradiation of intact rat adipocytes with high intensity ultraviolet light in the
      presence of 0.5 microM [3H] cytochalasin B results in the labeling of Mr 43,000
      and 46,000 proteins that reside in the plasma membrane fraction. In contrast to
      the Mr 46,000 protein, the Mr 43,000 component is not observed in the microsome
      fraction and exhibits lower affinity for [3H]cytochalasin B. Photolabeling of the
      Mr 43,000 protein is inhibited by cytochalasin D, indicating it is not a hexose
      transporter component. The Mr 46,000 protein exhibits characteristics expected
      for the glucose transporter such that D-glucose or 3-O-methylglucose but not
      cytochalasin D inhibits its photolabeling with [3H] cytochalasin B. Furthermore,
      insulin addition to intact cells either prior to or after photoaffinity labeling
      of the Mr 46,000 protein causes a redistribution of this component from the low
      density microsomes to the plasma membrane fraction, as expected for the hexose
      transporter. Photolabeling of transporters in both the low density microsome and
      plasma membrane fractions is inhibited when intact cells are equilibrated with 50
      mM ethylidene glucose prior to irradiation with [3H]cytochalasin B. Incubation of
      intact cells with 50 mM ethylidene glucose for 1 min at 15 degrees C leads to an
      intracellular concentration of only 2 mM. Under these conditions, the
      photoaffinity labeling in intact cells of hexose transporters that fractionate
      with the low density microsomes is unaffected, indicating these transporters are
      not exposed to the extracellular medium. In contrast, photolabeling in intact
      insulin-treated cells of hexose transporters that fractionate with the plasma
      membrane is inhibited under these incubation conditions. The results demonstrate
      that insulin action results in the exposure to the extracellular medium of
      previously sequestered hexose transporters.

PMID- 6376499
TI  - Base-pairing properties of O6-methylguanine in template DNA during in vitro DNA
      replication.
AB  - The kinetics of incorporation of deoxynucleotide precursors directed by the
      promutagenic base, O6-methylguanine (m6Gua), was analyzed during in vitro
      replication of m6Gua-containing synthetic polydeoxynucleotides by T4 and T5 phage
      DNA polymerases and Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. When poly(dT,m6dG) and
      poly(dC,m6dG) with covalently attached primers were replicated, O6-methylguanine
      paired with either thymine or cytosine but with a much higher preference for
      thymine. dCTP and dTTP acted as competitive inhibitors of each other during DNA
      synthesis. O6-Methylguanine also directed incorporation of dAMP by T5 DNA
      polymerase. This dAMP incorporation was not inhibited by dTTP. Contrary to
      theoretical predictions that the m6dG X dT pair should be comparable to the dA X
      dT pair, the presence of m6dG in the template inhibited DNA synthesis. Based on
      Kappm values, E. coli DNA polymerase I showed a much higher preference for dTMP
      incorporation over dCMP opposite m6dG in the template than T4 and T5 DNA
      polymerases. At the same time, there was a higher turnover of dCTP than of dTTP
      by the E. coli enzyme. However, in all cases, the turnover of deoxynucleotides
      during replication of m6Gua-containing templates was more than that observed with
      templates without the alkylated base.

PMID- 6376501
TI  - Direct comparison of the rates of internalization and degradation of covalent
      receptor-insulin complexes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Internalization of occupied
      receptors is not the rate-limiting step in receptor-hormone complex degradation.
AB  - Insulin receptors on the surface of 3T3-L1 adipocytes were photolabeled using the
      iodinated analog, B29-lysine-substituted N-[N'-(2-nitro-4
      azidophenyl)glycyl]insulin. Under optimal labeling conditions (below 15 degrees
      C), greater than 95% of the labeled receptor remained on the cell surface prior
      to incubation at 37 degrees C. When the labeled monolayers were returned to their
      normal culture environment (37 degrees C), the covalent receptor-insulin
      complexes were rapidly internalized at initial rates equivalent to 130-170% of
      labeled surface receptor/h. Internalization of the complexes proceeded to an
      equilibrium or end point distribution of 40% internal receptor and 60% cell
      surface receptor. Under the several labeling conditions tested, covalent receptor
      insulin complexes were degraded in an apparent first order process at 37 degrees
      C with half-lives between 5 and 7 h. This rate was equivalent to only 10% of the
      labeled receptor being degraded per h and was 13-17-fold slower than the initial
      rate of labeled receptor internalization. This study directly demonstrates that
      the initial rate of internalization of covalent receptor-insulin complexes is not
      the rate-limiting step in their degradation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore,
      3T3-L1 adipocytes are unable to internalize all of the labeled surface receptor,
      suggesting that two classes of internalization competent and incompetent receptor
      may exist or that an equilibrium distribution of internal and cell-surface
      receptor is established by the relative rates of internalization and recycling of
      labeled receptor.

PMID- 6376502
TI  - The malarial pigment in rat infected erythrocytes and its interaction with
      chloroquine. A Mossbauer effect study.
AB  - Mossbauer studies of rat erythrocytes infected by Plasmodium berghei malaria
      parasites, using 57Fe-enriched rat red blood cells, were carried out in order to
      determine the physical parameters which characterize the malarial pigment iron
      and to test the effect of the widely used antimalaria drug, chloroquine, on these
      parameters. The iron in the malarial pigment which is derived from hemoglobin
      digestion by the intracellular parasite was found to be trivalent, high spin,
      with Mossbauer parameters which are significantly different from those of any
      known iron porphyrin containing compound. No difference was found between the
      parameters obtained in erythrocytes infected by drug-sensitive and drug-resistant
      strains of P. berghei, both before and after the treatment with chloroquine. The
      iron compound consists of microaggregates, about 30 A in diameter. These are
      somewhat larger in chloroquine-resistant strains and tend to increase in size in
      chloroquine-sensitive strains upon treatment with the drug. Mossbauer spectra of
      erythrocytes infected by a chloroquine-resistant strain revealed pigment iron in
      relative amounts invariable of those found in chloroquine-sensitive strains,
      demonstrating that drug-resistant parasites indeed digest hemoglobin.

PMID- 6376503
TI  - Mouse submaxillary gland renin. Purification and properties of minor forms, which
      include several differently processed forms of the major gene product and a
      second gene product.
AB  - Three minor forms of renin from the submaxillary glands of male mice called D1,
      D2, and E have been purified to homogeneity. Their amino acid compositions are
      identical to the principal form of mouse submaxillary gland renin (renin A),
      except for 1, 1, and 2 extra arginine residues, respectively. The electrophoretic
      mobility of renin D2 does not change upon reduction, indicating that its heavy
      and light chains are linked by more than a disulfide bond. The light chain of
      renin D1 has an electrophoretic mobility different from the light chain of renin
      A. Renin D2 is proposed to be renin A with an arginine-arginine dipeptide
      connecting the carboxyl terminus of the heavy chain to the NH2 terminus of the
      light chain, with the light chain missing the carboxyl-terminal arginine of renin
      A. Renin D1 is suggested to be renin D2 with the peptide bond between an arginine
      and the NH2 terminus of the light chain cleaved. Renin E is proposed to be renin
      D1 plus the carboxyl-terminal arginine of the light chain. A fourth minor form of
      male mouse submaxillary renin, called renin B/A, has been purified to homogeneity
      in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and in isoelectric
      focusing. Renin B/A seems to be a second renin gene product which is difficult to
      separate from renin A. Renin B/A has an amino acid composition significantly
      different from renin A, and all three preparations of B/A had compositions
      significantly different from one another. For renin B/A, the light chain sequence
      and the first 53 NH2-terminal residues of its heavy chain sequence were identical
      to renin A.

PMID- 6376504
TI  - Regulation of synthesis of serine hydroxymethyltransferase in chemostat cultures
      of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Serine hydroxymethyltransferase was synthesized as a constant fraction of total
      protein of Escherichia coli over a wide range of specific growth rates. This was
      observed in all strains when grown in glucose-limited chemostat cultures; in
      thymine-requiring mutants during thymidine-limited growth; and in met A and met B
      auxotrophs, defective in homocysteine biosynthesis, during methionine-limited
      growth. This behavior has been referred to by others as "metabolic control." In
      addition, the synthesis of serine hydroxy-methyltransferase was subject to
      specific active control mechanisms, which responded to the needs of the cell for
      purine biosynthesis, methylation reactions, as well as to serine limitation.
      Under purine limitation, the rate of enzyme synthesis increased with decreasing
      growth rate, that is with increasing purine limitation. During methionine-limited
      growth of met E and met F auxotrophs (mutants unable to methylate homocysteine)
      the rate of enzyme synthesis increased with a decrease in specific growth rate
      from 0.65 to 0.30 h-1 but declined with further decrease in growth rate. Under
      serine limitation the rate of enzyme synthesis remained proportional to the
      growth rate, but at a rate twice that observed in unrestricted or glucose-limited
      growth. When purines were added to unrestricted or glucose-limited cultures, the
      rate of enzyme synthesis decreased by 40%, but remained proportional to growth
      rate. Addition of methionine or serine alone had no effect.

PMID- 6376505
TI  - Role of methionine in the regulation of the synthesis of serine
      hydroxymethyltransferase in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The synthesis of serine hydroxymethyltransferase during methionine limitation is
      different in met A and met B auxotrophs, mutants defective in homocysteine
      biosynthesis, as compared to met E and met F auxotrophs, mutants which are unable
      to methylate homocysteine and thus unable to either synthesize methionine de novo
      or to regenerate it after use via methylation reactions. Methods for the
      measurement of intracellular concentrations of sulfur-containing amino acids and
      nucleosides were developed and applied to cultures of the methionine auxotrophs.
      No definitive correlation between the absolute intracellular concentration of any
      single metabolite and the rate of serine hydroxymethyltransferase synthesis was
      found. However, a high correlation (0.92) was found with the ratio of
      homocysteine to S-adenosylmethionine, with the rate of enzyme synthesis being a
      hyperbolic function of the ratio. This is consistent with homocysteine acting as
      an inducer and S-adenosylmethionine as a corepressor of serine
      hydroxymethyltransferase synthesis with high affinity for a repressor molecule.
      This correlation holds only during methionine limitation, and was not observed
      during glucose limitation or in unrestricted cultures with added adenosine.

PMID- 6376506
TI  - The role of calcium in phospholipid turnover following glucose stimulation in
      neonatal rat cultured islets.
AB  - Phospholipid turnover was studied in cultured neonatal rat pancreatic islets. In
      islets prelabeled with [32P]Pi, 15-min stimulation with glucose (16.7 mM) caused
      increased labeling of phosphatidic acid (93%) and phosphatidylinositol (94%) and
      decreased labeling of the polyphosphoinositides (20%). Omission of calcium ion
      during the period of glucose stimulation did not modify the changes in inositol
      phospholipids. In islets equilibrated with [32P]Pi in the presence and absence of
      stimulatory glucose concentrations (11.1 and 1.7 mM, respectively), chelation of
      calcium by ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid
      prevented the increase in phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol labeling.
      However, the decrease in polyphosphoinositide labeling was inhibited by the
      chelator only in islets labeled in the absence of stimulatory glucose
      concentrations, the decrease persisting in islets labeled in the presence of
      glucose. This suggests that a specific pool of polyphosphoinositides is labeled
      in the presence of agonist and decreases in response to acute glucose stimulation
      irrespective of availability of external calcium. In the absence of calcium, the
      addition of [gamma-32Pi]ATP to a membrane preparation of cultured islets yielded
      three lipid phosphorylation products (phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol 4
      monophosphate, and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate). In broken cell
      preparations, [32P]Pi-labeled phosphatidylinositol was also detected. The extent
      of all these phosphorylations was decreased by the presence of free calcium ion
      (40 microM). These data indicate that polyphosphoinositide turnover takes place
      after glucose stimulation independent of extracellular calcium and support the
      possibility that this may play a primary role in altering cell calcium
      availability.

PMID- 6376507
TI  - Expression of GC clusters in the yeast mitochondrial var 1 gene. Translation and
      secondary structure implications.
AB  - Alleles of the yeast mitochondrial var 1 gene, which encode a protein (var 1)
      associated with the small mitochondrial ribosomal subunit, contain one or two
      identical GC clusters within the coding region that are transcribed and retained
      in the putative var 1 mRNA (Zassenhaus, H.P., and Butow, R. A. (1984) J. Biol.
      Chem. 259, 8417-8421). By comparing peptide fragments generated by defined
      chemical and enzymatic cleavages of the products of these alleles, we show that
      these GC clusters encode amino acids in the var 1 protein. First, there is a
      strict correlation between the presence of an optional GC cluster in the var 1
      gene and a corresponding increase in size of the peptide that would contain the
      "extra" amino acids encoded by that GC cluster. Second, we find proline residues
      in specific peptides of var 1 that, from DNA sequence, would only be present if
      the GC clusters were translated. Thus, although the yeast mitochondrial genome
      contains 70-100 GC clusters similar to those in var 1, the var 1 protein is the
      only mitochondrial translation product now known to contain amino acids encoded
      by these elements. We have also examined predictions of var 1 secondary structure
      and find little resemblance to the secondary structures predicted for most other
      ribosomal proteins. Finally, our analysis suggests a significant conformational
      difference between the var 1 protein containing amino acids encoded by the
      optional GC cluster and the form of the protein lacking those amino acids.

PMID- 6376508
TI  - Transport of long chain fatty acids in Escherichia coli. Identification of a
      membrane protein associated with the fadL gene.
AB  - The fadL gene is required for the transport of long chain fatty acids in
      Escherichia coli (Maloy, S. R., Ginsburgh, C. L., Simons, R. W., and Nunn, W. D.
      (1981) J. Biol Chem. 256, 3735-3742). In an effort to define the fadL gene
      product(s), the membrane proteins of 16 independently isolated fadL mutants and
      wild type strains were compared by two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis.
      These studies indicated that (i) whenever a fadL mutation was present, a 33,000
      dalton inner membrane protein was consistently absent, (ii) genetic restoration
      of mutant alleles to fadL+ resulted in the reappearance of this 33-kDa protein,
      and (iii) a reversion event mapping to the fadL gene produced a 33-kDa protein
      with altered electrophoretic properties. Mutations in the other known fad
      structural genes do not affect 33-kDa protein synthesis and the expression of the
      33-kDa protein is physiologically regulated in a manner similar to the known fad
      enzymes. Overall, these studies suggest there is a close relationship between the
      33-kDa inner membrane protein and the fadL gene which putatively codes for a
      fatty acid transport component(s).

PMID- 6376509
TI  - Glutamine nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ADE4 encoding
      phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase.
AB  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene ADE4 encoding glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate
      amidotransferase (amidophosphoribosyltransferase) has been cloned by
      complementation of an ade4 auxotroph. The nucleotide sequence of ADE4 along with
      upstream and downstream flanking sequences was determined. The ADE4 structural
      gene consists of 1530 base pairs from which a 510-amino acid translation product,
      Mr = 56,691, was deduced. Yeast amidophosphoribosyltransferase is homologous to
      the enzymes from Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The active site cysteine
      residue in the bacterial amidophosphoribosyltransferases which functions in
      glutamine amide transfer is conserved in the yeast enzyme. Yeast
      amidophosphoribosyltransferase does not contain the previously deduced sequence
      required for binding of a [4Fe-4S] center indicating that a [4Fe-4S] center is an
      unlikely component of the yeast enzyme. Amidophosphoribosyltransferase was stable
      in growing and nongrowing cells and was not inactivated or degraded. Thus in the
      group, S. cerevisiae, E. coli, B. subtilis, the content of a [4Fe-4S] cluster in
      amidophosphoribosyltransferase correlates with a mechanism for oxygen-dependent
      inactivation of the enzyme. Northern blots demonstrate that ADE4 expression is
      transcriptionally regulated. The 5' end of the ADE4 mRNA was identified by
      nuclease S1 mapping.

PMID- 6376510
TI  - Alcohol oxidase assembles post-translationally into the peroxisome of Candida
      boidinii.
AB  - Candida yeasts rapidly form peroxisomes of simple function and composition when
      grown on methanol. Because the induction is both massive and rapid, this system
      may be useful for a detailed dissection of peroxisomal biogenesis. We report
      procedures to express peroxisomal proteins in cells and spheroplasts of Candida
      boidinii to stabilize peroxisomes in a lysate of spheroplasts and to obtain an
      enriched peroxisomal fraction. With these techniques we have been able to study
      the assembly of alcohol oxidase, a homo-octomeric flavoprotein, into the
      organelle in vivo. The primary translation product of alcohol oxidase comigrates
      on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels with the mature subunit. Pulse
      chase experiments indicate that the newly synthesized monomer of alcohol oxidase
      has a half-life of about 20 min in intact cells and 13 min in spheroplasts before
      conversion to octomer. The monomer first appears in a high speed supernatant of a
      lysate of spheroplasts and then chases into a purified peroxisomal fraction
      before or during its octomerization. There is no detectable intermediary
      organelle involved in this process.

PMID- 6376511
TI  - Evidence that insulin receptor from human placenta has a high affinity for only
      one molecule of insulin.
AB  - Insulin receptor, partially purified from human placenta by chromatography on
      wheat germ agglutinin, was shown, by means of double probe labeling, to bind only
      one molecule of insulin with a high affinity. In the double probe labeling
      protocol used, 125I-insulin (probe 1) was affinity cross-linked to its receptor
      in the presence of an excess of unlabeled N epsilon B29-biotinylinsulin (probe
      2). The ability of succinylavidin to bind to receptor-linked probe 2 and alter
      the electrophoretic mobility of the cross-linked complex (during polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate) was used to
      determine the amount of receptor which was cross-linked to both probes relative
      to that which was cross-linked to only probe 1. The fraction of receptor bound to
      two molecules of insulin prior to cross-linking was estimated from the cross
      linking efficiency and the yield of receptor cross-linked to both probes relative
      to the yield of receptor cross-linked only to probe 1. The low fraction of
      receptor bound to both probes in the presence of high concentrations of probe 2
      indicated that the affinity of the receptor for a second molecule of insulin was
      approximately 100 times less than that for the first and that in the range of
      insulin concentrations (less than 20 nM) usually used to determine the
      stoichiometry for the interaction between receptor and insulin, more than 80% of
      the receptor molecules should be bound to only one molecule of insulin. This
      knowledge of how insulin receptor interacts with insulin was shown to be
      important for proper determination of receptor purity, interpretation of
      curvilinear Scatchard plots, and interpretation of the insulin-enhanced rate of
      dissociation of receptor-bound insulin.

PMID- 6376512
TI  - Fluid transport and mechanical properties of articular cartilage: a review.
AB  - This review is aimed at unifying our understanding of cartilage viscoelastic
      properties in compression, in particular the role of compression-dependent
      permeability in controlling interstitial fluid flow and its contribution to the
      observed viscoelastic effects. During the previous decade, it was shown that
      compression causes the permeability of cartilage to drop in a functional manner
      described by k = ko exp (epsilon M) where ko and M were defined as intrinsic
      permeability parameters and epsilon is the dilatation of the solid matrix
      (epsilon = tr delta u). Since permeability is inversely related to the diffusive
      drag coefficient of relative fluid motion with respect to the porous solid
      matrix, the measured load-deformation response of the tissue must therefore also
      depend on the non-linearly permeable nature of the tissue. We have summarized in
      this review our understanding of this non-linear phenomenon. This understanding
      of these flow-dependent viscoelastic effects are put into the historical
      perspective of a comprehensive literature review of earlier attempts to model the
      compressive viscoelastic properties of articular cartilage.

PMID- 6376513
TI  - Mechanical properties of bone cement: a review.
AB  - Many authors have examined the mechanical properties of bone cement and the
      various factors that affect its mechanical behavior. This article presents a
      comprehensive survey on the reported mechanical properties of bone cement.
      Variables that influence the mechanical properties, such as handling
      characteristics, strain rate, loading modes, additives, porosity, blood
      inclusion, in vivo environment, temperature, etc. have also been reviewed. The
      importance of specifying these variables in reporting test results on the
      mechanical properties of bone cement is pointed out. Previous attempts to improve
      the mechanical properties of bone cement are also summarized. Future research
      areas important for fully characterizing the physical properties of PMMA are also
      suggested.

PMID- 6376514
TI  - The influence of temperature and specimen size on the flexural properties of PMMA
      bone cement.
AB  - A three-stage investigation was undertaken to examine the influence of specimen
      size and polymerization environment on the flexural properties of PMMA. In the
      first stage, specimens were cut from large pieces of commercially cast acrylic
      (lucite) and self-curing dental acrylic. The material properties of the cast
      acrylic as calculated from the results of flexural testing were not influenced by
      specimen size in the range of 1 X 10 X 30 to 3 X 10 X 60 mm, whereas 1-mm thick
      dental cement specimens had 12% (p less than 0.001) higher stress and 24% (p less
      than 0.001) higher strain to failure than 3-mm specimens cut from the same
      sample. In the second stage, self-curing dental cement and Simplex P bone cement
      were molded in different thicknesses. These experiments demonstrated that molding
      thin 1.6-mm specimens resulted in increases of 14% (p less than 0.001) in stress
      and 30% (p less than 0.001) in strain to failure as compared with 3.2-mm
      specimens, which were greater differences than those due to the specimen
      thickness effects alone. In the third stage, temperatures of cement were
      monitored during polymerization, and cements were molded at different
      temperatures. These results demonstrated that thicker cement samples reached
      higher temperatures and that cement samples polymerized at lower temperatures (21
      versus 37 degrees C) had 12% (p less than 0.001) greater stress and 105% (p less
      than 0.001) greater strain to failure.

PMID- 6376515
TI  - Key references in biomaterials: bone/biomaterial interface in orthopedic joint
      implants.

PMID- 6376516
TI  - Pathogenic mechanisms in osteochondrodysplasias.
AB  - We performed histochemical, immunohistochemical, electron-microscopic, and
      microchemical studies on cartilage growth plates from sixty-eight patients with
      nineteen different forms of human osteochondrodysplasia. Cartilage biopsies were
      obtained during orthopaedic procedures. Postmortem specimens were obtained within
      a short time after death. The combined morphological and biochemical studies
      revealed specific abnormalities suggestive of a particular biochemical defect in
      several chondrodysplasias. In pseudoachondroplasia, non-collagenous protein
      accumulated in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of chondrocytes and a proteoglycan
      species that normally is present in the extracellular matrix was not detected by
      gel electrophoresis. The accumulated material was stained with antibodies against
      the core protein of proteoglycan. This strongly suggested that in this syndrome
      an abnormal core protein of a proteoglycan species is not properly transferred to
      the Golgi system. In Kniest syndrome, intracytoplasmic accumulation of
      metachromatic material, dilatation of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and an
      abnormal gel-electrophoretic pattern of cartilage proteoglycans suggested an
      abnormality of cartilage proteoglycan metabolism. Abnormalities that probably are
      related to degradative lysosomal processes of proteoglycans in chondrocytes were
      found in spondylometaphyseal dysplasia of the Kozlowski type. An abnormal
      organization of type-II collagen was found in fibrochondrogenesis. In diastrophic
      dysplasia, an abnormal organization of collagen was found in areas of
      interterritorial matrix and around many degenerated cells, but also in the
      lacunae of cells without ultrastructural signs of degeneration. The segment-long
      spacing form of collagen prepared from cartilage of three patients with
      diastrophic dysplasia showed an abnormal cross-striation pattern in a portion
      between bands 42 and 45, corresponding to the position of the alpha 1(II)
      cyanogen-bromide-derived 10,5 peptide. This suggested that in this syndrome there
      is a structural alteration of the type-II collagen molecule. There was an
      accumulation of intracellular lipid in pyknodysostosis and in hypochondrogenesis,
      and of glycoproteins in several atypical cases of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia.
      In a pair of twins with an atypical form of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, the
      presence of many multinucleated chondrocytes suggested a primary impairment of
      cell division. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms in
      osteochondrodysplasias might improve the classification; aid in diagnosis,
      prognosis, and genetic counseling; and contribute to the understanding of normal
      endochondral growth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6376517
TI  - Total hip arthroplasty with a low-modulus porous-coated femoral component.
AB  - Fifty-seven patients had sixty-three total hip replacements, performed using a
      femoral stem with a soft, low-modulus porous coating of Proplast and a
      conventional acrylic-cemented acetabular component. Forty-seven of the hips were
      followed for an average of thirty-seven months. Seventeen (36 per cent) of the
      forty-seven hips were judged to be clinical failures, and five of the failures
      were revised by inserting a new femoral component and fixing it with acrylic
      cement. The prostheses were thought to have failed because they had inadequate
      support, due to deficiencies in the design of the stem and in the fit of the
      implant in the femur. The five retrieved prostheses were found to have fibrous
      tissue ingrowth into the coating, which had failed by shear within its substance.
      Therefore, we concluded that the coating had insufficient strength to withstand
      normal weight-bearing loads. To improve performance, a more stable prosthesis
      with a stronger porous coating is needed. In addition, a posterior surgical
      approach through a transtrochanteric osteotomy may give better exposure of the
      femoral canal and facilitate the use of longer-stem (140 to 153-millimeter)
      designs, which are less likely to be inserted in a varus position.

PMID- 6376518
TI  - Improved acceptance of frozen bone allografts in genetically mismatched dogs by
      immunosuppression.
AB  - We studied the role of immunosuppressive therapy in improving the incorporation
      of frozen bone allografts exchanged across strong transplantation barriers in a
      canine cancellous ulnar segmental replacement model. Dogs receiving frozen bone
      from donors with major histocompatibility differences received one of three
      different immunosuppressive treatments. In two groups, azathioprine and
      prednisolone were administered for either twenty-eight or fifty-six days; anti
      lymphocyte globulin was added for another twenty-eight-day group in a third
      regimen. Frozen bone was evaluated radiographically and histologically by
      criteria that quantified the biological characteristics of the bone itself and
      union between the graft and host at thirteen and twenty-six weeks after grafting.
      Graft incorporation in these animals was compared with graft acceptance in a
      similar group of untreated animals and in untreated animals in which bone was
      exchanged across weak transplantation barriers. Complications of
      immunosuppression included wound drainage, infection, weight loss, and falling
      white-blood-cell counts. Seven of the original thirty-seven animals died as a
      direct result of these complications. After twenty-six weeks the grafts in the
      recipients receiving immunosuppression appeared radiographically and
      histologically indistinguishable from those in the untreated, genetically closely
      matched group and from autografts. They were significantly better incorporated
      than identical allografts placed in untreated, genetically disparate recipients.
      There was no difference in the effectiveness of any of the immunosuppressive
      programs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Immunosuppression improves the biological outcome
      of otherwise poorly performing frozen bone allografts in dogs. This finding
      suggests that treatments that modify the immunological response of the host
      without major side effects may be useful clinically in improving the success of
      massive frozen bone allografts.

PMID- 6376520
TI  - The unnatural history of valvular heart disease: late results with silastic ball
      valve prostheses.
AB  - The development of prosthetic heart valves successfully arrested the dismal
      natural history of valvular heart disease for thousands of patients. The
      experiences of numerous investigators provided a setting wherein the design and
      implantation of the silastic ball valves led to improved survival with both
      aortic and mitral valve replacement. Refinement of the caged-ball design was
      based on clinical and laboratory findings. In the mitral position, valve related
      thromboembolism was reduced from 38% to 3%. With the aortic prostheses the
      problem of ball variance was overcome by reducing trauma to the poppet and
      altering its heat curing process. In 1967 a completely cloth covered valve was
      introduced to reduce further the thromboembolic rate. Significant improvement in
      the embolus-free rate was ultimately found to be dependent on the year of
      operation with introduction of the time-frame concept. The current mitral
      silastic ball valve, Model 6120, yields an actuarial survival of 72 (+/- 3%), 54
      (+/- 5%), and 37 (+/- 5%) for five, ten and fifteen years respectively. For
      aortic valve replacement, current Model 1260, the actuarial survival is 71 (+/-
      2%), 58 (+/- 3%) and 48 (+/- 4%) for five, ten and fifteen years respectively.
      Late results are compared to other valvular prostheses.

PMID- 6376519
TI  - An approach to oncological genetics.
AB  - Oncological genetics is defined as a branch of clinical cancer research dealing
      with the identification, description, analysis, and prevention of those human
      neoplasias and their related/associated syndromes in which a vertical
      (hereditary) transmission is assumed. The present clinical basis of this field is
      constituted by the 240 inherited preneoplasias and neoplasias that have been
      detected so far. The main hypothesis in oncological genetics might be the
      existence of an inherited cancer proneness phenotype (CPP), in whose
      determination the processes involved in the activation of cellular proto
      oncogenes would presumably play a role. It is conjectured that CPP is a
      quantitative (random) variable with extreme values. Such indicators can be
      identified in small populations having a structure (i.e., tree) so that the
      collection of comprehensive pedigree data is indispensable.

PMID- 6376521
TI  - Differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells results in the rapid repression
      of vimentin gene expression.
AB  - We show that vimentin filaments are present in undifferentiated Friend murine
      erythroleukemia cells, but are lost progressively to undetectable levels by 96 h
      of dimethyl sulfoxide-mediated differentiation. The amount of newly synthesized
      cytoskeletal vimentin is decreased dramatically by 24 h of induction, and is
      paralleled by a rapid loss of vimentin mRNA (approximately 25-fold reduction at
      96 h). Hence, disappearance of vimentin filaments in these cells appears to be
      regulated at the level of vimentin mRNA abundance. On the other hand, the levels
      of actin synthesis and actin mRNA remain essentially unchanged. The kinetics of
      vimentin mRNA reduction during dimethyl sulfoxide-mediated differentiation, and
      the levels of vimentin mRNA observed in the presence of hexamethylene
      bisacetamide or hemin as inducers suggest that the cessation of vimentin
      expression precedes, but may be associated with commitment to terminal
      differentiation. Our results demonstrate the dynamic regulation of vimentin
      expression in mammalian erythropoiesis.

PMID- 6376522
TI  - Spectrin immunofluorescence distinguishes a population of naturally capped
      lymphocytes in situ.
AB  - Immunofluorescence analysis of mammalian lymphocytes using antiserum directed
      against chicken erythrocyte alpha-spectrin revealed a lymphocyte population in
      which spectrin antigen was arranged in the form of a discrete cap (hereafter
      referred to as capped lymphocytes). This subset could be easily distinguished
      from other lymphocytes in which the spectrin antigen was diffusely distributed
      near the plasma membrane (noncapped lymphocytes). The subset of capped
      lymphocytes could be visualized in situ and in isolated cells in the absence of
      added ligand. Using frozen sections of lymphoid organs that were fixed in
      formaldehyde prior to the immunofluorescence procedure, capped lymphocytes were
      found in characteristic locations depending on the tissue examined. In the
      thymus, the major population of medullary lymphocytes were capped whereas
      cortical lymphocytes were mostly noncapped. In Peyer's patches, capped
      lymphocytes were interspersed with noncapped lymphocytes throughout the tissue.
      In the spleen, capped lymphocytes were concentrated in the periarterial lymphoid
      sheath of the white pulp and in lymph nodes they were found predominantly in the
      paracortical and cortical regions. Capped lymphocytes were not visible in the
      thymus until just before birth and did not appear in the spleen until 3 d after
      birth. When lymphocytes were isolated from lymphoid organs, fixed in formaldehyde
      and prepared for immunofluorescence, capped and noncapped lymphocytes were still
      identifiable and present in the same relative proportions as seen in situ.
      Results identical to those described above are obtained using antisera directed
      against guinea pig fodrin. Natural capping of proteins previously shown to co
      migrate with a variety of cell surface macromolecules after cross-linking may be
      a new means of identifying various stages of lymphocyte activation or
      differentiation.

PMID- 6376523
TI  - Peripheral proteins of postsynaptic membranes from Torpedo electric organ
      identified with monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Highly purified postsynaptic membranes from Torpedo electric organ contain the
      acetylcholine receptor as well as other proteins. To identify synapse-specific
      components, we prepared monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to proteins extracted from
      the membranes with either lithium diiodosalicylate or alkaline treatment. 10 mabs
      specific for three different proteins were obtained. Seven mabs reacted with a
      major 43,000-mol-wt protein (43K protein). This protein is composed of
      isoelectric variants (pl = 7.2-7.8) and each of the mabs reacted with all of the
      variants. Analysis of these mabs by competition for binding to 43K protein and by
      reaction with proteolytic fragments of 43K protein in immunoblots showed that
      they recognize at least five different epitopes. Two mabs reacted with a protein
      of 90,000 mol wt (90K protein) and one with a protein of 58,000 mol wt composed
      of isoelectric variants (pl = 6.4-6.7) (58K protein). The 43K and 58K proteins
      appeared to co-purify with the receptor-containing membranes while the 90K
      protein did not. Immunofluorescence experiments indicated that the anti-43K mabs
      bind to the innervated face of Torpedo electrocytes and that a component related
      to the 43K protein is found at the rat neuromuscular junction. The anti-58K mab
      stained the innervated face, although rather weakly, while the anti-90K mabs
      reacted intensely with the non-innervated membrane. Thus, the 43K protein and
      possibly also the 58K protein are synaptic components while the 90K protein is
      predominantly nonsynaptic.

PMID- 6376524
TI  - A model for the structure of fumarate reductase in the cytoplasmic membrane of
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - By a recombinant DNA approach we have prepared Escherichia coli cytoplasmic
      membranes that are highly enriched in the terminal electron transfer enzyme
      fumarate reductase. This enzyme is composed of four nonidentical subunits in
      equal molar ratio. A 69,000-dalton covalent flavin-containing subunit and a
      27,000-dalton nonheme iron-containing subunit make up a membrane extrinsic
      catalytic domain. Two very hydrophobic subunits of 15,000 and 13,000 daltons make
      up the hydrophobic membrane anchor domain. Electron microscopy of negatively
      stained membranes shows a characteristic knob-and-stalk-type structure composed
      of the catalytic domain. The anchor polypeptides have been analyzed for
      hydrophobic segments and alpha-helical content and a model for their organization
      within the lipid bilayer is presented. The results reviewed in this paper suggest
      a model for the fumarate reductase complex in the cytoplasmic membrane.

PMID- 6376526
TI  - Herbicide-quinone competition in the acceptor complex of photosynthetic reaction
      centers from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides: a bacterial model for PS-II-herbicide
      activity in plants.
AB  - A select group of herbicides that inhibit photosystem II also act at the acceptor
      side of the reaction center (RC) from the photosynthetic bacterium
      Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, with much the same relative specificity as in
      plants. These include the triazines and some phenolic compounds. The proposal
      that herbicides inhibit the electron transfer from the primary quinone (QA) to
      the secondary quinone (QB) by competing for the secondary quinone binding site-
      the B-site--[5], is tested here with terbutryn, the most potent of the triazines.
      Competition between terbutryn and ubiquinone (Q-10) was observed using the
      kinetics of the back-reaction as a measure of inhibition. The model includes
      binding equilibria before and after flash activation. The binding constants for
      the preflash (dark) equilibria, for reaction centers in 0.14% lauryl
      dimethylamine-N-oxide (LDAO), were KDi = 0.8 microM terbutryn, KDq = 2 microM Q
      10; both are detergent-concentration dependent. After flash activation, binding
      equilibrium is not fully restored on the time scale of the back-reaction because
      terbutryn unbinds slowly. This gives rise to biphasic decay kinetics from which
      koff for terbutryn was estimated to be 3 sec-1. Titrations of the rate of the
      slow back reaction indicated that the post-flash equilibrium is less sensitive to
      inhibitor, in a manner that is independent of the much stronger binding of the
      semiquinone, Q-B, and indicative of a direct effect of the redox state of QA on
      the affinity of the B-site for ligands. However, the effects on KLi and KDq could
      not be separated: either KLi greater than KDi or KLq less than KDq. Some triazine
      resistant mutants have been isolated and are described. All appear to be
      herbicide binding site mutants. Whole cells and photosynthetic membrane vesicles
      (chromatophores) exhibit a 10-50-fold increase in resistance to triazines due, in
      large part, to an increase in the rate of unbinding (koff). The modifications of
      the binding site appear to diminish the affinity of the B-site for ubiquinone as
      well as terbutryn. It is concluded that bacterial RCs are a useful model for the
      study of herbicide activity and specificity.

PMID- 6376525
TI  - Linker mutagenesis in the gene of an outer membrane protein of Escherichia coli,
      lamB.
AB  - In order to identify sequences involved in the localization of LamB, an outer
      membrane protein from E coli K12, mutagenesis by linker insertion has been
      performed on a lamB gene copy carried on a plasmid devised for this purpose. An
      analysis of the first set of 16 clones constructed by this technique shows that,
      in these clones, the lamB protein is altered either by frameshift mutations
      leading to abnormal COOH terminal (usually premature termination) or by in-phase
      deletions or small insertions. Except for two in-phase linker insertions, which
      only slightly changed the behavior of the protein, the modified proteins are
      either toxic to cell growth or unstable. In all cases examined so far, the
      modified proteins were in the outer membrane. We suggest that toxicity is due to
      incorrect folding, which leads to disruption of the outer membrane. The nature of
      the genetic alterations leads to the hypothesis that the first 183 amino acids of
      the LamB mature protein contain, together with the signal sequence, all the
      instructions needed for proper localization.

PMID- 6376527
TI  - Light regulation of photosynthetic membrane structure, organization, and
      function.
AB  - The light environment during plant growth determines the structural and
      functional properties of higher plant chloroplasts, thus revealing a dynamically
      regulated developmental system. Pisum sativum plants growing under intermittent
      illumination showed chloroplasts with fully functional photosystem (PS) II and
      PSI reaction centers that lacked the peripheral chlorophyll (Ch1) a/b and Ch1 a
      light-harvesting complexes (LHC), respectively. The results suggest a light flux
      differential threshold regulation in the biosynthesis of the photosystem core and
      peripheral antenna complexes. Sun-adapted species and plants growing under far
      red-depleted illumination showed grana stacks composed of few (3-5) thylakoids
      connected with long intergrana (stroma) thylakoids. They had a PSII /PSI reaction
      center ratio in the range 1.3-1.9. Shade-adapted species and plants growing under
      far-red-enriched illumination showed large grana stacks composed of several
      thylakoids, often extending across the entire chloroplast body, and short
      intergrana stroma thylakoids. They had a higher PSII /PSI reaction center ratio,
      in the range of 2.2-4.0. Thus, the relative extent of grana and stroma thylakoid
      formation corresponds with the relative amounts of PSII and PSI in the
      chloroplast, respectively. The structural and functional adaptation of the
      photosynthetic membrane system in response to the quality of illumination
      involves mainly a control on the rate of PSII and PSI complex biosynthesis.

PMID- 6376528
TI  - Blockade of neonatal activation of the pituitary-testicular axis with continuous
      administration of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in male rhesus
      monkeys.
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine the effects of continuous GnRH
      agonist (Ag) treatment on neonatal activation of the pituitary-testicular axis in
      male rhesus monkeys. Five infants were treated continuously with Ag(10
      micrograms/day; Wy-40972) for 112 days using osmotic minipumps beginning at 10-13
      days of age. Two of five age-matched control animals were implanted sc with
      Silastic implants of comparable size to the minipumps; three did not receive sham
      implants. Ag treatment caused a fall in serum LH (bioassay) values to
      undetectable levels (much less than 0.1 micrograms/ml) within 3 weeks, where they
      remained throughout Ag treatment. Mean serum testosterone (T) levels fell from
      pretreatment values of 1.52 +/- 0.45 to 0.38 +/- 0.09 (+/- SE) ng/ml after 3
      weeks of Ag treatment. The level of T never exceeded 0.60 ng/ml throughout the
      subsequent course of Ag treatment. In contrast, serum LH and T were elevated to
      levels that approached adult values during the first 2 postnatal months in
      control infants with or without sham implants. Both LH and T then gradually
      declined, and by 4 months of age, T levels were indistinguishable from those in
      Ag-treated animals. Control infants had an increase in serum LH from 0.56 +/-
      0.10 to 2.67 +/- 0.49 micrograms/ml within 60 min of administration of 5
      micrograms GnRH/kg BW at 60 days of age. Serum T values rose from 2.35 +/- 1.00
      to 9.48 +/- 3.15 ng/ml during the same period. Seven weeks of Ag treatment
      abolished the LH and T responses to GnRH. Thirty days after the termination of Ag
      treatment (approximately 150 days of age), Ag-treated and control infants had
      comparable serum LH and T responses to GnRH, although the responses were reduced
      relative to the responses in controls at 60 days of age. These results suggest
      that continuous administration of Ag desensitizes the pituitary of the male
      infant rhesus monkey to GnRH and blocks neonatal activation of the pituitary
      testicular axis.

PMID- 6376529
TI  - Plasma "big" and "big-big" growth hormone (GH) in man: an oligomeric series
      composed of structurally diverse GH monomers.
AB  - Human GH (hGH) immunoreactivity in plasma can be separated into three species of
      different molecular size by gel filtration (little, big, and big-big hGH). In
      contrast to pituitary high mol wt GH forms, the molecular nature of the big hGH
      forms in blood is not known. Therefore, we purified these hGH size isomers from
      the plasma of L-dopa-stimulated normal subjects and acromegalic patients. Plasma
      was chromatographed on Sephadex G-100, and fractions containing big-big, big, and
      little hGH were generated. hGH was extracted and concentrated from these
      fractions by immunoadsorbent chromatography and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis (PAGE), sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE, and isoelectric focusing.
      The resulting gel profiles indicated that the majority (70%) of big and big-big
      hGH was converted to little hGH during extraction and storage. The remainder
      migrated as distinct species with mol wt of approximately 45, 62, 80, and 110 K
      in sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE. These forms could be converted almost completely
      to little hGH by sulfhydryl reduction. Little hGH (both native and converted from
      big forms) was composed of several monomeric hGH species, namely the 22 K form
      (principal), the 20 K variant, and at least one acidic form. All hGH size isomers
      contained the same monomeric building blocks, although in somewhat different
      proportions. Big hGH, e.g. was particularly rich in 20K. No abnormal or
      previously unrecognized hGH forms were identified as components of big or big-big
      hGH. Binding of hGH to plasma proteins could not be demonstrated. We conclude
      that 1) plasma big and big-big hGH represent an oligomeric series composed of 22K
      (major), 20K, and one or more acidic hGH monomers, 2) the majority of these
      oligomers are noncovalently associated, with a smaller fraction consisting of
      monomers linked by disulfide bridges.

PMID- 6376530
TI  - Inactive renin in infants and children: evidence for its physiological response
      to orthostasis in children.
AB  - The aim of this work was to investigate the presence of inactive renin (IR) in
      plasma of normal infants and children and nephrectomized children and to study
      the plasma IR response to stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system
      (orthostasis) in children. The study was performed in 10 normal infants (2 days
      to 1 yr old), 28 normal children (1-15 yr old), 8 nephrectomized children (8-14
      yr old), and 7 normal adults (20-40 yr old). IR was calculated as the difference
      in renin activity in trypsin-treated (1500 micrograms/ml) plasma, e.g. total
      renin (TR), and in untreated plasma, e.g. active renin (AR). IR was not
      detectable in most infants in the supine position, but their AR values were high
      (8.8-30 ng/ml X h). Moreover, in some of these infants, trypsin appeared to
      degrade renin activity, since TR values were lower than AR values. IR was
      detectable in 3 infants and 27 children, but their AR values were in a lower
      range (0.3-10 ng/ml X h). Trypsin degradation of renin activity was not found in
      either children or adults. With increasing age (2 days to 40 yr), AR decreased
      while IR and the IR to TR ratio increased significantly (P less than 0.001). A
      significant (P less than 0.001) inverse relationship was found between the IR and
      AR values of subjects 2 days to 40 yr old. IR was detectable in all
      nephrectomized children and represented 25% of normal values, while AR was
      undetectable (less than 0.1 ng/ml X h). In children in the upright position, IR
      decreased and AR increased significantly (P less than 0.001) in a reciprocal
      manner. TR did not change. These data suggest 1) that trypsin degradation of
      renin activity and absence of trypsin-activated IR are specific to infants with
      high AR levels, and 2) that IR might be activated in vivo into AR, especially
      after changes in position in children. IR could be a prorenin playing a
      physiological role in children.

PMID- 6376531
TI  - Insulin sensitivity during the menstrual cycle.
AB  - Sensitivity to insulin (euglycemic clamp technique) and serum estradiol and
      progesterone levels were measured in seven normal nonobese women, aged 19-23 yr,
      during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. The mean serum
      progesterone level was 1.2 +/- 0.1 (+/- SE) nmol/liter in the follicular and 24.2
      +/- 7.7 nmol/liter in the luteal phase (P less than 0.02). Mean plasma insulin
      was maintained at 84 +/- 6 and 86 +/- 3 mU/liter and mean plasma glucose at 4.6
      +/- 0.1 and 4.6 +/- 0.1 mmol/liter during the insulin clamps in the follicular
      and luteal phases, respectively. The rate of glucose metabolism averaged 9.0 +/-
      1.3 mg/kg X min in the follicular phase and 9.2 +/- 1.6 mg/kg X min (P = NS)
      during the luteal phase. These results indicate that insulin-mediated glucose
      metabolism, as determined by the euglycemic clamp technique, is unaffected by the
      phase of the menstrual cycle in normal women.

PMID- 6376532
TI  - [Blood brain barrier and its pathological conditions].

PMID- 6376533
TI  - [Ecology of influenza virus. Viruses in South-East Asia and Japan].

PMID- 6376534
TI  - Evaluation of the rapid strep system for species identification of streptococci.
AB  - The Rapid Strep system (API System S.A., Montalieu-Vercieu, France) was
      evaluated, without additional tests, in the identification of 209 streptococci.
      Organisms included 59 beta-hemolytic, 36 group D, 24 Streptococcus pneumoniae,
      and 90 viridans group streptococci. The Rapid Strep system correctly identified
      to species level 69.5% of the beta-hemolytic strains, 100% of the group D
      strains, none of the S. pneumoniae strains, and 84.5% of the viridans group
      streptococci. The method provided excellent identification rates of groups A, B,
      and D but failed to differentiate between groups C and G. The method for
      preparation of suspensions for the Rapid Strep system, as initially recommended
      by the manufacturer, was responsible for the failure to identify S. pneumoniae.
      This method was subsequently modified to yield a heavier inoculum; all 10
      pneumococcal strains tested with the revised inoculum method were correctly
      identified. Good identification rates of commonly encountered viridans strains
      were found. The Rapid Strep system represents a worthwhile advance in
      streptococcal species identification, especially for group D and viridans
      strains.

PMID- 6376535
TI  - Rapid glutamic acid decarboxylase test for identification of Bacteroides and
      Clostridium spp.
AB  - A rapid 4-h test for glutamic acid decarboxylase is described for the
      identification of certain anaerobic bacteria. The test substrate consisted of 1.0
      g of L-glutamic acid, 0.3 ml of Triton X-155, and 0.05 g of bromcresol green
      sodium salt in 1 liter of water. The substrate was dispensed in 0.5-ml amounts
      into test tubes, and a turbid suspension was made with the test organism. The
      test was then incubated aerobically at 35 degrees C for 4 h. The development of a
      blue color was considered positive. A total of 345 strains of clinically isolated
      anaerobic bacteria were tested. All isolates of Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides
      thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides uniformis. Clostridium perfringens, and Clostridium
      sordellii gave a positive reaction. Some isolates of Bacteroides distasonis and
      Bacteroides vulgatus were also positive. The use of this rapid test in
      conjunction with other rapid methods, such as the spot indol test, will enable
      laboratory workers to report these pathogens on the same day on which an inoculum
      of pure culture growth on agar is available.

PMID- 6376536
TI  - Semiautomated technique for identification of subgingival isolates.
AB  - A semiautomated approach for the characterization of subgingival bacterial
      isolates which economizes in media preparation, inoculation, reading, recording,
      and interpretation of results was tested. Test ingredients were added to a basal
      medium consisting of Mycoplasma broth supplemented with 5 micrograms of hemin,
      0.5 mg of NaHCO3, and 0.5 mg of L-cysteine per ml. Sterile test media were
      aseptically dispensed into wells of sterile microtiter plates with a MIC 2000
      dispenser. Inocula were grown in broth or scraped from agar plates, dispersed,
      and inoculated with a MIC 2000 inoculator. After 2 to 4 days of incubation, the
      optical density of growth was determined with an Artek 210 vertical beam reader
      at 580 nm and stored on a floppy disk. Reagents were added to each well, and the
      changes in optical density were determined. Thresholds for positive reactions
      were determined after extensive preliminary studies for each test. The tests were
      run in duplicate on each plate and interpreted with an Artek vertical beam
      reader. Tests that were run in this system included: fermentation of
      carbohydrates, decarboxylase reactions, reduction of nitrate and nitrite, ammonia
      production, hydrolysis of esculin, growth in the presence of inhibitory or
      stimulatory substances, and indole production. Approximately 80% of all isolates
      from subgingival samples could be characterized by this technique. Comparisons
      were made between the semiautomated and conventional identification techniques.
      Overall reproducibility of 2,980 strains by the semiautomated and conventional
      techniques were 95 and 90%, respectively. There was an 86% similarity of results
      by the semiautomated and conventional methods. The semiautomated technique was
      more rapid, less expensive, and as reproducible as the conventional method of
      identification.

PMID- 6376537
TI  - Clinical comparison of the Isolator 1.5 microbial tube and the BACTEC radiometric
      system for detection of bacteremia in children.
AB  - The Isolator 1.5 microbial tube (E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc., Wilmington
      , Del.) was compared with the BACTEC radiometric detection system (Johnston
      Laboratories, Inc., Cockeysville, Md.) for the detection of bacteremia in
      children. The Isolator 1.5 is a blood culture system designed for small volumes
      of blood (0.5 to 1.5 ml). The method involves lysis of the cells of the patient
      and the direct plating of the entire blood lysate on agar media appropriate for
      the growth of fastidious microorganisms. Of 1,500 paired samples inoculated into
      the two systems, 68 were positive for 73 clinically significant organisms. The
      Isolator 1.5 recovered 81% of the positive cultures compared with 84% recovered
      by the BACTEC system. When paired blood samples with disproportionate volumes
      were excluded, the Isolator 1.5 detected 3% more positive cultures. More isolates
      of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis were recovered by the
      Isolator 1.5, whereas Haemophilus influenzae was recovered most often in the
      BACTEC bottles (P greater than 0.1). The contamination rates were 8.7 and 3.1%
      for the Isolator 1.5 and the BACTEC system, respectively. In cultures positive by
      both systems, the mean time to detection was 4.1 h faster with the Isolator 1.5.
      The mean time to obtain isolated colonies was 26.6 h faster with the Isolator
      1.5. These data indicate the potential value of the Isolator 1.5 microbial tube
      as a simple, rapid, and sensitive method for the detection of bacteremia in
      children.

PMID- 6376538
TI  - Detection of Clostridium botulinum type A toxin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay with antibodies produced in immunologically tolerant animals.
AB  - Immunological tolerance is a state of unresponsiveness to foreign substances
      (antigens) which can develop in human and animal species as the result of
      continued exposure to antigens early in life. We utilized this principle for the
      preparation of antibodies against Clostridium botulinum type A toxin. By
      selective suppression of the immunological response of rabbits to unwanted
      antigens and subsequent immunization with a toxoid, we were able to produce a
      specific type A antitoxin without the need to purify the toxin. Despite cross
      reactivity with C. botulinum type B, our type A antitoxin was otherwise specific
      since it did not react with culture filtrates of nontoxigenic variants of type B,
      any other C. botulinum type (C, D, E, F, and G), nor with 18 other Clostridium
      species, including Clostridium sporogenes. Using this antitoxin, we developed a
      sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of C. botulinum type A
      toxin.

PMID- 6376539
TI  - Methodological aspects of Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan serology:
      comparisons between solid-phase radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay.
AB  - In the present studies we compared the ability of two commonly used assays, solid
      phase radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), to detect
      human antibodies to Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan. ELISA was superior, with
      a reproducibility of 12.0%, as compared with 18.1% in solid-phase
      radioimmunoassay. Much lower serum dilutions could be used in ELISA. We also
      studied the effects of solubilizing the antigen by lysostaphin, lysozyme, or
      ultrasonication. Lysostaphin-treated peptidoglycan cannot be recommended since
      solid-phase radioimmunoassay could not distinguish positive from negative serum
      samples with this preparation. On the other hand, the sensitivity in both assays
      was high when peptidoglycan treated with lysozyme for 240 min or with
      ultrasonication for 30 min was used as antigen. The interassay correlation
      between solid-phase radioimmunoassay and ELISA was slightly better with sonicated
      peptidoglycan (correlation coefficient = 0.94, P less than 0.01), as compared
      with lysozyme-treated peptidoglycan (correlation coefficient = 0.76, P less than
      0.01). We recommend the ELISA with sonicated peptidoglycan as antigen for use in
      routine serology.

PMID- 6376540
TI  - Comparison of rapid identification assays for Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - A total of 137 strains of Staphylococcus species were blindly tested by four
      rapid serological assays, and the results were compared with those of the tube
      coagulase assay. For the S. aureus isolates, the Sero-STAT Staph assay gave six
      false-negative results, four of which were for methicillin-resistant strains. The
      Accu -Staph, Staphylatex , and Staphyloslide assays identified all the coagulase
      positive strains as Staphylococcus aureus. Among the coagulase-negative
      staphylococci, false-positive results were seen with strains of S. capitis. S.
      saprophyticus, and S. cohnii. The overall accuracy of the kits compared with the
      tube coagulase test ranged from 95.1 to 100%.

PMID- 6376541
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies recognising cell surface molecules expressed by rat
      cerebellar interneurons.
AB  - We describe monoclonal antibodies recognising three cell surface antigens
      expressed by rat cerebellar granule neurons. The antibodies were produced after
      immunising mice with a cerebellar glycoprotein preparation. 6-1-3 recognises a
      glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight of 144 000 daltons, and gives an
      unusual staining pattern on cultured neurons. 7-8D2 recognises postmitotic
      granule cells, but not their precursors in the external granular layer. The
      antigen was not detected in any brain region other than the cerebellum. 8-20-1
      recognises a brain specific glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight of 48
      000 daltons, which appears on cerebellar granule cells only after the 10th
      postnatal day.

PMID- 6376542
TI  - The use of bone allograft: a survey of current practice.
AB  - A questionnaire was sent to all chairmen of American orthopedic training
      programs, requesting information on their use of bone allograft and banking
      methods. Of the 93% who responded, 55% reported using bone allograft most
      commonly for benign tumor defects or spine fusions. Methods of procurement,
      preservation, and storage varied widely.

PMID- 6376543
TI  - In vivo behavior of radioiodinated rabbit antithrombin III. Demonstration of a
      noncirculating vascular compartment.
AB  - Rabbit antithrombin III (AT), purified by heparin-agarose, was labeled with
      iodine-131 by either the glucose oxidase-lactoperoxidase or iodine monochloride
      techniques. When intravenously injected, the disappearance of the 131I-AT from
      plasma was characterized by rapid initial decreases, and three-exponential
      equations were required for best fit of the plasma disappearance curves. This
      rapid 131I-AT removal was not caused by denaturation, as shown by comparison with
      results obtained when 131I-AT was biologically screened (injected into a first
      rabbit, and then transferred 16 h later in whole plasma to a second for kinetic
      evaluation) before injection. Thus, the same rapid initial loss of plasma 131I-AT
      was observed with screened preparations, and the plasma fractional catabolic
      rates of 0.716 +/- 0.048 and 0.673 +/- 0.051 day-1 for unscreened and screened
      131I-AT were not significantly different. These results support the hypothesis
      that a vascular-endothelial AT compartment is present in rabbit. The fractions of
      the total-body AT in the plasma, the vascular-endothelial and the extravascular
      compartments were 0.337 +/- 0.031, 0.178 +/- 0.056, and 0.485 +/- 0.069,
      respectively. Two three-compartment kinetic models are discussed. The first
      pictures AT as distributing independently between plasma and two other
      compartments, and the second sees AT as first passing to the vascular-endothelial
      compartment, and then directly into the extravascular compartment. The plasma
      131I-AT kinetic data was consistent with both models, but the sizes of the
      vascular-endothelial compartments were best predicted by the second. If AT
      catabolism was assigned to the plasma, both models generally underpredicted the
      whole-body radioactivities, while assignment of breakdown to the extravascular
      compartment generally resulted in overpredictions. This suggests that AT
      catabolism occurs from both plasma and extravascular compartments.

PMID- 6376544
TI  - Effect of ketone bodies on glucose production and utilization in the miniature
      pig.
AB  - The effect of ketone bodies on glucose production (Ra) and utilization (Rd) was
      investigated in the 24-h starved, conscious unrestrained miniature pig. Infusing
      Na-DL-beta-OH-butyrate (Na-DL-beta-OHB) and thus shifting the blood pH from 7.40
      to 7.56 resulted in a decrease of Ra by 52% and of Rd by 45%, as determined by
      the isotope dilution technique. Simultaneously, the concentrations of arterial
      insulin and glucagon were slightly enhanced, whereas the plasma levels of
      glucose, lactate, pyruvate, alanine, alpha-amino-N, and free fatty acids (FFA)
      were all reduced. Infusion of Na-bicarbonate, which yielded a similar shift in
      blood pH, did not mimick these effects. Infusion of equimolar amounts of the
      ketoacid, yielding a blood pH of 7.35, induced similar metabolic alterations with
      respect to plasma glucose, Ra, Rd, and insulin; however, plasma alanine and alpha
      amino-N increased. Infusing different amounts of Na-DL-beta-OHB resulting in
      plasma steady state levels of ketones from 0.25 to 1.5 mM had similar effects on
      arterial insulin and glucose kinetics. No dose dependency was observed.
      Prevention of the Na-DL-beta-OHB-induced hypoalaninemia by simultaneous infusion
      of alanine (1 mumol/kg X min) did not prevent hypoglycemia. Infusion of Na-DL
      beta-OHB plus insulin (0.4 mU/kg X min) showed no additive effect on the
      inhibition of Ra. Ketones did not inhibit the insulin-stimulated metabolic
      clearance rate (MCR) for glucose. Infusion of somatostatin (0.2 micrograms/kg X
      min) initially decreased plasma glucose, Ra, and Rd, which was followed by an
      increase in plasma glucose and Ra; however, on infusion of somatostatin plus Na
      DL-beta-OHB, hypoglycemia and the reduced Ra were maintained. In the
      anaesthetized 24-h starved miniature pig, Na-DL-beta-OHB infusion decreased the
      hepatic exchange for glucose, lactate, and FFA, whereas the exchange for
      glycerol, alanine, and alpha-amino-N as well as liver perfusion rate were
      unaffected. Simultaneously, portal glucagon and insulin as well as hepatic
      insulin extraction rate were elevated. Leg exchange for glucose, lactate,
      glycerol, alanine, alpha-amino-N, and FFA were decreased, while ketone body
      utilization increased. Repeated infusion of Na-DL-beta-OHB at the fourth, fifth,
      and sixth day of starvation in the conscious, unrestrained mini-pig resulted in a
      significant drop in urinary nitrogen (N)-excretion. However, this effect was
      mimicked by infusing equimolar amounts of Na-bicarbonate. In contrast, when only
      the ketoacid was given, urinary N-excretion accelerated. To summarize: (a) Ketone
      bodies decrease endogenous glucose production via an insulin-dependent mechanism;
      in addition, ketones probably exert a direct inhibitory action on
      gluconeogenesis. The ketone body-induced hypoalaninemia does not contribute to
      this effect. (b) The counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia is reduced by
      ketones. (c) As a consequence of the decrease in R(a), glucose utilization
      declines during ketone infusion. (d)The insulin-stimulated MCR for glucose is not
      affected by ketones. (e) Ketones in their physiological moiety do not show a
      protein-sparing effect.

PMID- 6376545
TI  - A ganglioside antigen on the rat pancreatic B cell surface identified by
      monoclonal antibody R2D6.
AB  - In an attempt to identify B cell specific antigens, we have generated a mouse
      monoclonal antibody, R2D6, which is directed against plasma membranes of rat
      pancreatic B cells but against no other pancreatic cells. R2D6 crossreacted with
      mouse and guinea pig B cells, but not with human or dog. The B cell specificity
      of R2D6 was utilized in fluorescence-activated cell sorting to prepare highly
      enriched separate populations of viable pancreatic islet B cells and A cells.
      R2D6 also recognized adrenal chromaffin cells, secretory cells in the anterior
      pituitary, and the myenteric plexus of the gastrointestinal tract. Trypsin,
      chymotrypsin, papain, ficin, and pronase had no effect on R2D6-binding to
      dissociated rat islet cells. However, neuraminidase treatment of intact cells
      reduced R2D6-binding by 75%. The antigen recognized by R2D6, Ag(R2D6), could be
      quantitatively extracted from rat islets by dichloromethane/methanol (2:1) and,
      after drying, was soluble in methanol alone as well as in phosphate-buffered
      saline. When the dichloromethane/methanol extract (DME) was bound to
      polyvinylchloride microtiter plates, antigenic activity was retained and remained
      insensitive to pronase. In this solvent-extracted form, antigenic activity was
      totally destroyed by neuraminidase. Therefore, sialic acid is either an integral
      part of, or is related sterically to the binding site (epitope) for R2D6. In high
      performance thin-layer chromatographs of the DME, developed in 60:40:9
      chloroform/methanol/2.5 N ammonia, Ag(R2D6) migrated with a relative mobility
      (Rf) of 0.54 +/- 0.07 (n = 3), which was a position nearly coincident with the
      purified brain ganglioside, GD1a. The antigen bound to DEAE-Sephacel, was not
      inactivated by mild treatment with base (which hydrolyzes phospholipids) and
      eluted in ganglioside fractions upon C18 Sep-Pak and upon silicic acid
      chromatography. Hence, the solubility characteristics, enzyme sensitivities, and
      behavior of Ag(R2D6) in four chromatography systems are consistent with its
      identification as a ganglioside.

PMID- 6376546
TI  - Serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the brain of the honeybee.
AB  - The distribution of serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the brain of the worker
      honey bee Apis mellifera was studied by means of immunocytochemical staining by
      using a well-characterized antibody to serotonin (5-HT). About 75 immunoreactive
      perikarya are grouped into clusters in the optic lobe and in the median and
      dorsal protocerebrum. Immunoreactive fibers were resolved in all areas of the
      brain. The optic lobe shows restricted layers of 5-HT-immunoreactive fibers in
      the lamina and medulla organized perpendicular to the retinotopic elements.
      Immunoreactive fibers in the lobula represent invasions of protocerebral giant
      wide-field neurons. The nonglomerular neuropil of the brain exhibits a meshwork
      of immunoreactive fibres invading glomerular neuropil of the mushroom bodies,
      central body complex, and antennal lobes. Mushroom body stalks and lobes contain
      immunoreactive fibers arranged perpendicular to the Kenyon cell fibers and
      matching subcompartments of these corpora pedunculata areas. The calyces are
      devoid of immunofluorescence. Serotonin-positive fibres in the central body
      complex are arranged in its subcompartments. No 5-HT immunoreactivity was found
      in the pons. Antennal glomeruli contain immunoreactive fibers restricted around
      the margin of the glomeruli. The selective mapping of 5-HT-immunoreactive neurons
      complements studies on the distribution of monoamine-containing neurons in the
      bee brain. Serotonin- and catecholamine-containing neurons often occur together
      in the same brain areas and subcompartments. The immunohistochemical approach in
      chemoneuroanatomy gives new evidence for a more complicated architecture of the
      brain than could be deduced from the classical neuroanatomical studies.

PMID- 6376547
TI  - Distribution of neurotensin-immunoreactivity within baroreceptive portions of the
      nucleus of the tractus solitarius and the dorsal vagal nucleus of the rat.
AB  - We have examined the distribution of neurotensin immunoreactivity within
      subnuclear regions of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS) and the dorsal
      motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DVN) in the rat. In order to determine which
      regions of the NTS were involved in the regulation of baroreceptor reflexes, we
      mapped the central distribution of the aortic branch of the vagus nerve using
      transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase. Comparison of the pattern of
      aortic nerve innervation with that of the distribution of neurotensin
      immunoreactive cells and fibers shows the dorsomedial nucleus of the NTS both to
      be the primary site of aortic baroreceptor termination and to contain the highest
      concentration of neurotensin-immunoreactive elements within the NTS. Neurotensin
      immunoreactive fibers are also present in medial regions of the NTS adjacent to
      the area postrema where they may be involved in the modulation of vagal gastric
      afferents. Double-label experiments, in which, on the same tissue sections,
      neurotensin immunohistochemistry was combined with retrograde horseradish
      peroxidase labeling of DVN neurons, reveal a topographic innervation of vagal
      preganglionic motoneurons by neurotensin-immunoreactive fibers. The heaviest
      innervation is of lateral portions of the DVN and adjacent ventral portions of
      the NTS at the level of the obex, an area which may contain cardiac motoneurons.
      In this region neurotensin-immunoreactive fibers can be observed in close
      proximity to retrogradely labeled cells. The concentration of neurotensin
      elements in a region of the NTS which is involved in the control of baroreceptor
      reflexes provides a morphological basis for the cardiovascular effects produced
      by central administration of the peptide. Additional control may be exerted at
      the level of the motoneuron, as evidenced by apparent neurotensin fiber
      innervation of presumptive cardiac preganglionic neurons. Similarly, the
      distribution of neurotensin fibers suggests that the peptide may be acting in
      gastric regulatory areas of the NTS or on vagal secretomotor neurons to regulate
      gastric acid secretion.

PMID- 6376548
TI  - Acetylcholinesterase-immunoreactive axonal network in monkey visual cortex.
AB  - Immunocytochemistry with antibodies to human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase
      (AChE) was used to demonstrate axons containing this enzyme in the visual cortex
      (area 17) of macaques. AChE-positive fibers were most dense in layers I, IIIB,
      IV, and VIB of Hassler and Wagner (I, IVA, IVC, and VIB of Brodmann) with three
      strata of more sparsely distributed fibers (layers II-IIIA, IIIC, and V-VIA of
      Hassler and Wagner [II-III, IVB, and V-VIA of Brodmann]). Layer I contained the
      most dense plexus of AChE-positive axons, oriented horizontally. Horizontally
      oriented axons were also located in layers IIIB, IIIC, IV, and V of Hassler and
      Wagner (IVA, IVB, IVC, and V of Brodmann). Layer VIB contained axons of variable
      orientation, apparently afferent to cortex. Moderately stained neuronal perikarya
      were occasionally encountered in layer VIB and superficial white matter, but no
      intensely stained neurons were seen.

PMID- 6376549
TI  - Udo Julius Wile.

PMID- 6376550
TI  - Adverse reactions to sulfites in drugs and foods.

PMID- 6376551
TI  - Marion B. Sulzberger (1895-1983).

PMID- 6376552
TI  - Physiologic skin changes in pregnancy.
AB  - Pregnancy produces many skin changes, some of which are specifically related to
      pregnancy (dermatoses of pregnancy) and others that are more common and called
      physiologic. These physiologic skin changes usually do not impair the health of
      the mother or the fetus; nevertheless, some can be cosmetically significant and
      of importance to the dermatologist.

PMID- 6376553
TI  - Sarcoidosis. An updated review.
AB  - Sarcoidosis, a multisystem disease of unknown cause characterized by the
      formation of noncaseating granulomas, may involve any organ of the body, but the
      commonest sites of predilection are the lungs, lymph nodes, skin, and eyes.
      Sarcoidosis can be associated with polyclonal hyperglobulinemia, hypercalcemia,
      hypercalciuria, circulating immune complexes, cutaneous anergy, and in vitro
      depressed cell-mediated immunity. Recent studies of the cellular composition and
      cellular interactions of sarcoid-involved tissue have resulted in some insight
      into the pathophysiology of the disease. In early stages the predominance of
      activated T-helper cells in affected sites may account for many of the
      immunologic aberrations. The production of macrophage chemotactic substances by
      these cells may be the initial stimulus for the formation of the granuloma. The
      natural history of the disease is highly variable; the acute forms tend to
      resolve spontaneously, whereas the chronic forms rarely involute. Although
      multiple therapeutic modalities have been used and some have reportedly been
      effective, systemic corticosteroids remain the most effective available
      therapeutic agents.

PMID- 6376554
TI  - Piroxicam-induced photosensitivity. In vivo and in vitro studies of its
      photosensitizing potential.
AB  - A 36-year-old woman developed a photolocalized erythematous papulovesicular
      eruption while taking piroxicam. Histologic study revealed a superficial and deep
      spongiotic dermatitis. Phototesting with ultraviolet B (UVB) and ultraviolet A
      (UVA) was abnormal at the time the patient was seen and after oral challenge with
      the drug for 5 days. A modified lymphocyte transformation test was positive. The
      photosensitizing potential of the drug was evaluated in vivo and in vitro. In
      vivo studies consisted of phototesting twelve medical students before and after
      intake of piroxicam during 5 consecutive days. No lowering of the minimal
      erythema dose (MED) values or abnormal reactions to UV and visible light were
      observed in these students. In vitro studies by the Candida plate method and by
      photohemolysis showed negative results. Our studies suggest a systemic
      photoallergy mechanism requiring wavelengths in the UVA range for the reaction.
      This drug should be avoided in patients receiving photochemotherapy.

PMID- 6376555
TI  - Josef Plenck--grandfather of modern dermatology.

PMID- 6376556
TI  - Oscar Gans (1888-1983).

PMID- 6376557
TI  - Dermatologic therapy: December, 1982, through November, 1983.

PMID- 6376558
TI  - Immunopathology of vitiligo vulgaris, Sutton's leukoderma and melanoma-associated
      vitiligo in relation to steroid effects. I. Circulating antibodies for cultured
      melanoma cells.
AB  - Sera of patients with various types of vitiligo have been found to contain
      circulating antibodies for the cytoplasmic components of human melanoma cell
      lines. This incidence is high, especially in generalized vitiligo vulgaris with
      or without Sutton's phenomenon. There is good correlation between the antibodies
      and positive microsome test, thyroid test, DNA test, as well as the effect of
      steroid ointment.

PMID- 6376559
TI  - Immunopathology of vitiligo vulgaris, Sutton's leukoderma and melanoma-associated
      vitiligo in relation to steroid effects. II. The IgG and C3 deposits in the skin.
AB  - Microsome, thyroid and DNA tests on patients with generalized vitiligo vulgaris,
      with or without Sutton's leukoderma, show a high positive rate without thyroid
      diseases. A small, but not negligible, amount of IgG and C3 deposits in the
      basement-membrane zone and keratinocytes, has been frequently seen in these
      diseases by immunohistology and immuno-electron microscopy. This evidence
      strongly suggests an autoimmune character for these diseases.

PMID- 6376560
TI  - Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic observations of nevic corpuscle.
AB  - Nevic corpuscle in the pigmented nevus was studied under light microscopy in
      comparison with Meissner corpuscle of the human sole skin in order to determine
      its ontogenesis. No nerve fibers within nevic corpuscle but coiled fibers in
      Meissner corpuscle could be demonstrated by Bodian stain. Presence of S-100
      protein in the pigmented nevus and Meissner corpuscle was observed under light
      microscopy utilizing peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical staining. S
      100 protein was more evident in nevic corpuscles than in Types A and B
      intradermal nevus cells. Meissner corpuscle showed moderate stainability for S
      100 protein. Ultrastructural study revealed that the nevic corpuscle was composed
      of the laminated cells with flattened cytoplasmic processes but lacked peripheral
      nerve endings such as axons, characteristically shown in Meissner corpuscle. No
      melanogenic activity of nevic corpuscle was observed. These morphological and
      histochemical findings of nevic corpuscle did not enable us to give definite
      conclusion on its ontogenesis.

PMID- 6376561
TI  - It was a long way to dermatopathology. American Society of Dermatopathology after
      dinner talk, November 29, 1983.

PMID- 6376562
TI  - Nitrogen metabolism in the rumen.
AB  - Nitrogen metabolism is reviewed with emphasis on methods for quantitating various
      nitrogen-transactions in the rumen of animals on a variety of diets. Ammonia
      kinetics, microbial cell synthesis, the inputs of endogenous nitrogen,
      degradation of dietary protein, and availability to the animal of dietary bypass
      protein are discussed. The efficiency of microbial protein from the rumen is
      discussed in relation to the ratio of protein to energy in the nutrients
      available to meet the requirements of the animal. The ratio is determined largely
      by the maintenance requirements of microbes and the breakdown of microbial
      materials, which result in the recycling of microbial nitrogen in the rumen.
      Emphasis is placed on the role of rumen protozoa in decreasing the ratio of
      protein to energy in absorbed nutrients in ruminants on diets that are marginally
      deficient in protein. Recent studies of the dynamics of protozoa in the rumen and
      their contribution to microbial protein outflow are summarized.

PMID- 6376563
TI  - Protein-energy interrelationships in dairy cows.
AB  - In dairy cows two distinct and important aspects of the interrelationship between
      protein and energy-yielding nutrients can be identified. First, a change of
      protein input can influence performance by changing overall plane of nutrition.
      To a large extent this results from changes of digestibility and associated
      intake of ration ingredients. Within this context it appears that at high levels
      of feeding rumen microbial demand for nitrogen per unit fermentable organic
      matter is high; initial failure to meet this need for nitrogen probably accounts
      for many responses to protein supplementation in practice through stimulation of
      ruminal digestion. Second is that changing "protein" supply to tissues can alter
      the pattern and efficiency of absorbed nutrient use. In early lactation protein
      supplementation favors partition of available nutrients toward mammary secretion.
      There are effects on glucose and fatty acid metabolism, all interacting with the
      endocrine system within a metabolic framework that tends to conserve those
      nutrients (amino acids, glucose) that are in shortest supply relative to demand.
      Response to increased input of amino acids depends both on physiological state of
      the cow and balance of all nutrients absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 6376564
TI  - The slot-retained complex amalgam restoration.

PMID- 6376565
TI  - Augmentation of rat mandibular ridge with demineralized bone implants.
AB  - Demineralized bone implants were placed as onlays in submucosal pockets on the
      edentulous segment of the rat mandible, between the incisor and posterior teeth.
      These implants, predictably, induced osteogenesis. The mass of induced bone and
      implant was united to the ridge by two weeks, and there was little or no
      resorption over a six-month follow-up period. This study suggests that
      demineralized bone implants may be useful for mandibular ridge augmentation.

PMID- 6376566
TI  - Computer-graphics aided instruction of three-dimensional dental anatomy.

PMID- 6376567
TI  - A new method of donor site harvesting.
AB  - Paired or single donor rows separated from another pair of donor rows by a gap of
      intact skin approximately 12 mm wide and combined with suturing produces superior
      short-term as well as long-term scarring in punch transplant donor sites. Two
      variations of this general approach are described and discussed. Because donor
      scars are finer, it is possible to remove 10 to 15% more grafts from a patient
      using this approach.

PMID- 6376568
TI  - Lipo-suction surgery: a review.

PMID- 6376569
TI  - Abnormal DNA histograms of stroma cells in patients with tuberous sclerosis. A
      cytofluorometric study.

PMID- 6376570
TI  - Antigen in contact sensitivity: II. Scanning immunoelectron microscopic studies
      of the distribution of DNP groups on the epidermal cells of guinea pigs following
      skin painting with DNCB.

PMID- 6376571
TI  - Effect of a protease inhibitor [N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl 4-(4
      guanidinobenzoyloxy)-phenylacetate] methanesulfate on the growth of mouse skin
      carcinoma in the rapid growing stage.

PMID- 6376572
TI  - Law of reciprocity in UV erythema and cell killing.

PMID- 6376573
TI  - Determination of suitable concentrations for patch testing of various fragrance
      materials. A summary of a group study conducted over a 6-year period. Mid-Japan
      Contact Dermatitis Research Group.

PMID- 6376574
TI  - Mycobacterium marinum infection of the skin in Japan.

PMID- 6376575
TI  - A biochemical study of experimental porphyria. I. The influence of griseofulvin
      at various concentrations on porphyrin metabolism.

PMID- 6376576
TI  - Antibiotic effects on bacterial counts in skin lesions of experimental
      staphylococcal skin infections in the hamster.

PMID- 6376577
TI  - The removal of anti-DNA antibodies in vitro using DNA combined immunoadsorbent
      matrices.

PMID- 6376578
TI  - Immunocytochemical studies on inflammatory infiltrates in psoriasis.

PMID- 6376579
TI  - Coexistence of unusual scabies and pneumocystosis in a patient without any
      underlying disease.

PMID- 6376580
TI  - Lichen planus among Arabs--a study from Libya.

PMID- 6376581
TI  - Naevus sebaceous associated with ocular dermolipoma.

PMID- 6376582
TI  - The case for steroids.

PMID- 6376583
TI  - The case for steroids: another viewpoint.

PMID- 6376585
TI  - Pharyngitis-tonsillitis in a college population.

PMID- 6376584
TI  - The role of total static lung compliance in the management of severe ARDS
      unresponsive to conventional treatment.
AB  - A group of 36 patients with severe adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
      meeting previously established blood gas criteria (mortality rate 90%) became
      candidates for possible extracorporeal respiratory support [low frequency
      positive pressure ventilation with extracorporeal CO2 removal (LFPPV-ECCO2R)].
      Before connecting the patients to bypass we first switched the patients from
      conventional mechanical ventilation with positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP)
      to pressure controlled inverted ratio ventilation (PC-IRV), and then when
      feasible, to spontaneous breathing with continuous positive airways pressure
      (CPAP). Forty eight hours after the patients had entered the treatment protocol,
      only 19 out of the 36 patients in fact required LFPPV-ECCO2R, while 5 were still
      on PC-IRV, and 12 were on CPAP. The overall mortality rate of the entire
      population was 23%. The only predictive value of success or failure of a
      particular treatment mode was total static lung compliance (TSLC). No patients
      with a TSLC lower than 25 ml (cm H2O)-1 tolerated either PC-IRV or CPAP, while
      all patients with a TSLC higher than 30 ml (cm H2O)-1 were successfully treated
      with CPAP. Borderline patients (TSLC between 25 and 30 ml (cm H2O)-1) had to be
      treated with PC-IRV for more than 48 h, or were then placed on LFPPV-ECCO2R if
      Paco2 rose prohibitively. We conclude that TSLC is a most useful measurement in
      deciding on the best management of patients with severe ARDS, unresponsive to
      conventional treatment.

PMID- 6376586
TI  - Streptococcal pharyngitis in a college health population.

PMID- 6376587
TI  - Henry Leo Banzhaf 1926-1927.

PMID- 6376588
TI  - Fixed temporization simplified.

PMID- 6376589
TI  - Restoration of cervical contours on nonprepared teeth using glass ionomer cement:
      a 4 1/2-year report.

PMID- 6376590
TI  - Health science on stamps.

PMID- 6376591
TI  - Propafenone: a new agent for ventricular arrhythmia.
AB  - Propafenone, a new antiarrhythmic agent, was utilized in 30 patients with diverse
      heart disease who presented with sustained hemodynamically unstable ventricular
      arrhythmia. Drug efficacy was judged by means of ambulatory electrocardiographic
      monitoring and exercise testing. Nine patients additionally had invasive
      electrophysiologic studies. Seventeen patients (57%) responded to therapy as
      judged by monitoring and 21 patients (70%) responded to therapy as judged by
      exercise testing. When both methods were considered, 16 patients (53%) responded.
      The acute drug test predicted the result of maintenance therapy in 91% of
      patients. Seven of nine patients who had electrophysiologic testing responded
      based on this technique, and in all cases the results were concordant with the
      noninvasive evaluation. Serum blood levels did not correlate with antiarrhythmic
      effect. In patients with myocardial impairment, echocardiographic assessment of
      left ventricular function indicated a decrease in ejection fraction during
      propafenone therapy (32 versus 24%, p less than 0.05), while no change was
      observed in patients with normal left ventricular function. Side effects occurred
      in nine patients and included exacerbation of congestive heart failure,
      development of conduction abnormalities and aggravation of arrhythmia, each
      occurring in two patients. Ten patients who continued on long-term propafenone
      therapy for an average of 10 months (range 3 to 13) have remained free of
      arrhythmia and side effects. Propafenone needs to be employed with caution in
      patients with congestive heart failure or evidence of conduction system disease.

PMID- 6376592
TI  - Assessment of location and size of myocardial infarction with contrast-enhanced
      echocardiography. II. Application of digital imaging techniques.
AB  - Contrast echocardiography can be used to identify nonperfused regions of
      myocardium and localize and quantify infarcted myocardium. Analysis is usually
      undertaken by visual inspection of an analog two-dimensional echocardiographic
      image. The purpose of our study was to apply digital imaging techniques to
      contrast-enhanced echocardiograms for the determination of myocardial infarct
      size. Myocardial contrast was produced by an injection into the aortic root of a
      mixture of hydrogen peroxide and blood. Sixteen open chest dogs were studied 4
      hours after coronary artery occlusion. Echocardiograms were evaluated by two
      independent observers. The results were compared with infarct location and size
      determined with nitro-blue tetrazolium staining of the corresponding slice of the
      left ventricle. Both the routine analog echocardiographic image and the digital
      subtraction image were analyzed. For the latter, three precontrast and three
      postcontrast echocardiographic enddiastolic fields were digitized in a 256 X 256
      X 6 bit matrix and then averaged. Average pre- and postcontrast images were
      mathematically subtracted to form the digital subtraction image. There was
      excellent correlation between the percent of infarct determined with digital
      subtraction contrast echocardiography and results of nitro-blue tetrazolium
      staining (r = 0.97, SEE = 0.04, p less than 0.001). Using linear regression, the
      relation between infarct size by the two studies was best described by the
      equation DSI = 0.92 NBT + 0.03, where DSI = digital subtraction image and NBT =
      infarct size by nitro-blue tetrazolium. Inter- and intraobserver variability were
      also excellent (r = 0.93 and 0.96, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6376593
TI  - The concept of apparent cardiac arrest as a prerequisite for coronary digital
      subtraction angiography.
AB  - This study was undertaken to evaluate the possible use of digital subtraction
      applied after selective coronary arteriography. An identical position of the
      objects with and without contrast medium is an absolute requirement for the
      application of subtraction techniques. Because coronary arteries are in
      continuous motion, the subtraction technique cannot be applied without certain
      precautions. In our study, only images from corresponding moments in the cardiac
      cycle before and after contrast injection were matched for subtraction, that is,
      the concept of apparent cardiac arrest. To prevent variations in cardiac
      contractions due to varying RR intervals, heart rate was controlled by regular
      right atrial stimulation. Moreover, the stimulation rate and cine frequency were
      in synchrony, which was effected by triggering both on the frequency of the
      electric main alternating current (50 cycles/s). In this way, each cardiac cycle
      contains exactly the same number of frames at corresponding moments. A
      combination of the application of the concept of apparent cardiac arrest with the
      subtraction technique in 12 patients resulted in good quality images.
      Furthermore, better visualization of capillary filling with contrast material was
      obtained than with conventional coronary arteriography.

PMID- 6376594
TI  - Effect of volume and rate of contrast medium injection on intravenous digital
      subtraction angiographic contrast medium curves.
AB  - The image quality of temporal (mask mode) intravenous digital subtraction
      angiography is directly dependent on the shape of arterial time-concentration
      curves produced by the intravenous injection of contrast medium. Curves that are
      narrow and tall minimize motion artifact (misregistration) and maximize contrast
      enhancement (pre- and postcontrast differences). To determine the effects of rate
      and volume of injection of contrast medium on intravenous digital subtraction
      angiographic curves, ioxaglate (Hexabrix), a monoacidic ionic dimer, was injected
      into large mongrel dogs. Quantitative measurements of opacification were made
      over time in the femoral arteries using a modified General Electric CT/T scanner.
      Peak opacification was directly proportional to the volume of contrast medium
      injected. Curve width was not affected by increasing volume of injection. At
      rates below a critical point, slower injection rates produced progressively
      shorter and wider arterial time-concentration curves. Above that critical point,
      increasing the rate of injection did not affect either curve width or curve peak.

PMID- 6376595
TI  - Cibenzoline for treatment of ventricular arrhythmias: a double-blind placebo
      controlled study.
AB  - Cibenzoline, a new class I antiarrhythmic drug, was administered to 24 patients
      with frequent (greater than 30/h) premature ventricular complexes. Three patients
      discontinued the medication because of epigastric distress before repeat
      ambulatory electrocardiography. Of the remaining 21 patients, 13 responded to 130
      mg twice daily by more than 75% suppression of premature ventricular complex
      frequency and 6 additional patients responded to 160 mg twice daily during an
      open-label titration phase. Events of ventricular tachycardia (greater than or
      equal to 3 beats) were totally suppressed in 9 of 10 patients and markedly
      diminished in the 1 remaining patient. During a double-blind placebo-controlled
      crossover phase in 16 patients (21 patients minus 2 nonresponders and 3 who
      developed side effects), cibenzoline suppressed the number of premature
      ventricular complexes per 24 hours (4,075 +/- 868 to 1,758 +/- 1,089, p = 0.02),
      the number of events of ventricular tachycardia (31 +/- 30 to 2 +/- 0, p = 0.01)
      and the number of premature ventricular complex pairs (61 +/- 28 to 25 +/- 21, p
      = 0.01). Cibenzoline plasma concentration was 59 to 421 ng/ml in responders and
      higher (387, 758 and 852 ng/ml, respectively) in the three subjects with side
      effects (right bundle branch block in one, hypotension in one, gastrointestinal
      upset and central nervous system complaints in one). Cibenzoline plasma
      concentration correlated with PR interval (r = 0.55, p = 0.0106) and corrected QT
      interval (r = 0.58, p = 0.0054). Further clinical investigation of this new
      antiarrhythmic agent is needed.

PMID- 6376596
TI  - Acute nifedipine withdrawal: consequences of preoperative and late cessation of
      therapy in patients with prior unstable angina.
AB  - Reports of acute ischemic events after withdrawal of calcium antagonist therapy
      in outpatients and during bypass surgery in patients with prior angina at rest
      prompted the examination of the effect of nifedipine withdrawal in 81 patients
      who had completed a prospective, double-blind randomized trial of nifedipine
      versus placebo for rest angina. Thirty-nine patients underwent bypass surgery for
      uncontrolled angina or left main coronary artery disease. No significant
      difference between patients withdrawn from nifedipine or placebo was seen in the
      incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction, hypotension requiring
      intraaortic balloon counterpulsation, vasopressor or vasodilator requirements or
      incidence of significant arrhythmias. An additional 42 patients had completed 2
      years on a protocol consisting of nitrates and propranolol in addition to
      nifedipine or placebo. During a mean of 66 hours of continuous monitoring after
      withdrawal of nifedipine or placebo, heart rate and blood pressure were
      unchanged. A worsening of previously present angina at rest occurred in five
      patients who had continued to experience rest angina before drug withdrawal, four
      of whom were withdrawn from nifedipine. No patient with class I to III angina
      experienced new onset of rest angina during drug withdrawal. No patient
      experienced myocardial infarction. There was no significant difference between
      patients withdrawn from nifedipine or placebo in the duration or frequency of
      ischemic ST changes on continuous electrocardiographic monitoring, or in duration
      or positive results of serial exercise treadmill testing. Thus, no early adverse
      effects of acute nifedipine withdrawal were found in patients with prior rest
      angina at the time of bypass surgery or in stable patients receiving long-term
      medical therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6376597
TI  - Electrophysiologic effects of adenosine triphosphate and adenosine on the
      mammalian heart: clinical and experimental aspects.
AB  - Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine have strong negative chronotropic and
      dromotropic effects on the mammalian heart. The sensitivity of the sinus node and
      the atrioventricular node to ATP and adenosine manifests pronounced variability
      among species. For more than three decades, ATP has been used routinely in Europe
      in the acute therapy of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Preliminary
      clinical trials with adenosine in the United States suggest that this compound
      may have a similar therapeutic value. The exact mechanisms of action of ATP and
      adenosine on the mammalian heart are still not fully known. However, the vast
      clinical experience indicates that ATP, and probably also adenosine, can be
      safely and repetitively used in the acute therapy of paroxysmal supraventricular
      tachycardia.

PMID- 6376598
TI  - Radiographic contrast media-induced noncardiogenic pulmonary edema: case report
      and review of the literature.
AB  - Adverse reactions are a frequent complication of exposure to radiographic
      contrast media (RCM). These reactions are most often anaphylactoid in nature and
      are characterized by the occurrence of urticaria, angioedema, bronchospasm, and
      shock. In patients who have had an anaphylactoid reaction to RCM and in whom
      reexposure is indicated, various pretreatment protocols have been developed to
      mitigate the risk for recurrence. We report the case of a 46-year-old man who,
      while undergoing cardiac catheterization, developed noncardiogenic pulmonary
      edema. This is the first reported case of the occurrence of noncardiogenic
      pulmonary edema secondary to RCM documented with Swan-Ganz data. In addition, our
      patient developed noncardiogenic pulmonary edema despite pretreatment with
      prednisone and diphenhydramine, administered because of a past history of a
      similar reaction. Potential mechanisms for such a reaction are discussed.

PMID- 6376599
TI  - Application of the dot immunobinding assay to allergy diagnosis.
AB  - The recently developed dot immunobinding assay is operationally simple and
      facilitates performance of multiple simultaneous assays. Here, its use as the
      basis for determination of total and allergen-specific IgE is established. For
      total IgE, the same commercially available polyclonal anti-human IgE was used on
      the solid phase and as a peroxidase conjugate in the liquid phase. After
      incubation with a chromogenic substrate, IgE was determined from the color
      intensity of the resulting dots with a scanning reflectance densitometer. The
      limit of sensitivity was 50 pg/ml of IgE. Standardized conditions gave the
      dynamic range 50 to 2500 IU/ml in serum. The IgE measured was not subject to
      interference by serum components, was labile at 56 degrees C, was soluble at 30%
      saturation (NH4)2SO4, and was unaffected by anti-human immunoglobulins of other
      specificity. Coefficients of variation were 0.05 within run, and were 0.1 between
      run. Comparison with data on sera obtained with the PRIST method yielded a
      correlation coefficient of 0.96 and a linear regression of slope 1.15. Assays for
      allergen-specific IgE were established with bee venom and dust mite allergens in
      the solid phase. The same peroxidase-conjugated antibody was used as for total
      IgE. Comparisons with comparable RAST assays were performed.

PMID- 6376600
TI  - A microbiological approach to nutrition.
AB  - Fermentation is known to modify nutritional value of foods positively. A new
      technique for supplementing traditional fermented foods with limiting amino acids
      is presented. Normal fermentative bacteria are induced to produce specific amino
      acids during the fermentation period. Acceptable food products have been prepared
      using fermented grain. The concept may be applicable to developing countries.

PMID- 6376601
TI  - Psychoanalysis at one hundred: beginnings of maturity.
AB  - We are celebrating a most significant birthday. Whether we reckon our age at one
      hundred or ninety, it is a time of professional maturation, an occasion for
      enormous pride in the achievement of psychoanalysis. That achievement was made
      under special circumstances, which have given a unique shape to our enterprise.
      But as we achieve maturity, we have begun to change in new and not entirely
      predictable ways, which call for new perceptions, the development of new
      attitudes, and the creation of new structures for our functioning. A new form of
      educational institution deserves our most urgent attention. It is predictable
      that the pace of change will quicken . It is part of our psychoanalytic heritage
      that we show the courage to face new realities and to find new adaptations which
      will insure the recruitment of bright young minds, the continuing advance of
      psychoanalysis, and our growing contribution to human welfare. I am optimistic
      for our future.

PMID- 6376602
TI  - Odor as an aid to chemical safety: odor thresholds compared with threshold limit
      values and volatilities for 214 industrial chemicals in air and water dilution.
AB  - The body of information in this paper is directed to specialists in industrial
      health and safety, and air and water pollution, who need quantitative data on the
      odor thresholds of potentially hazardous chemical vapors and gases. The
      literature, largely unorganized, has been reviewed for 214 compounds and
      condensed into tables based on consistent units. Data on the volatility,
      solubility, ionization and water-air distribution ratio at 25 degrees C are
      included. From the currently recommended threshold limit value (TLV), a safe
      dilution factor and an odor safety factor are calculated for each compound. The
      equivalent data are presented for both air and water dilutions of the chemicals.
      Available data are summarized on the variability of odor sensitivities in the
      population, and the increased odor concentrations that are required to elicit
      responses from persons whose attention is distracted, or who are sleeping. This
      information is reduced to calibration charts that may be used to estimate the
      relative detectability, warning potential and rousing capacity of the odorous
      vapors. Each compound has been assigned a letter classification, from A to E, to
      indicate the margin of safety, if any, that may be afforded by the odor of the
      compound as a warning that its threshold limit value is being exceeded.

PMID- 6376603
TI  - The genetic activity of anthramycin, tomaymycin and sibiromycin in bacterial
      forward- and reverse-mutation assays and in the mouse bone-marrow micronucleus
      test.
AB  - The genetic activity of the structurally similar antitumor antibiotics
      anthramycin, tomaymycin and sibiromycin was evaluated in the standard Ames
      Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay, a Salmonella typhimurium forward
      mutation assay and the micronucleus test. None of the test drugs showed any
      significant genetic activity in forward or reverse Salmonella mutation assays.
      The ability of mouse-liver enzymes to produce mutagens from the drugs was
      examined in the Salmonella reverse-mutation assay and was generally negative. As
      the concentrations of sibiromycin increased, some activity was detected in the
      presence of liver S-9 fractions from Aroclor-induced mice. This observation could
      not be verified at higher concentrations in the reverse-mutation assay due to
      cytotoxicity, and in the forward-mutation assay due to interference with the
      selection process by S-9. Cytogenetic evaluation of anthramycin and tomaymycin in
      the micronucleus test also gave negative results. However, significant increases
      in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes were observed in
      the bone marrow of sibiromycin-treated mice. The results suggest that, except for
      some possible activity of sibiromycin, these drugs are generally devoid of any
      marked genetic activity in the test systems employed.

PMID- 6376604
TI  - Hair mercury levels of Japanese women during the period 1881 to 1968.
AB  - The hair samples of Japanese females during the period from 1881 to 1968 were
      obtained from various localities of the central area of Japan. Inorganic mercury
      levels were elevated in unwashed hair samples from prewar periods, especially
      during 1920s , while elevation of organic mercury levels was conspicuous during
      1960s. The increase of inorganic mercury levels in samples from the 1920s is
      suspected to be due to mercury contamination of hair cosmetics, and increased
      organic mercury levels in the hair from the 1960s can be explained by active fish
      consumption.

PMID- 6376605
TI  - Mutagen formation in browning model systems.
AB  - A browning model system, consisting of diacetyl and ammonia, produced frameshift
      and base-pair substitution mutagens when the system was heated over 20 min and
      120 min, respectively. The major product was 2,4,5- trimethylimidazole , which
      showed no mutagenicity toward Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 with
      or without metabolic activation. When furfural was reacted with nitrate under
      mild conditions (for 30 min to 3 h at 0-25 degrees C and pH 2-7), it did not
      produce mutagenic nitrofuran derivatives. However, the ethyl ether extract
      obtained from the reaction mixture of furfural and nitrate with hydrochloric acid
      exhibited strong mutagenic activities toward S. typhimurium strains TA98 and
      TA100 in the presence of metabolic activation. The major product of this reaction
      mixture, 4- nitrofurfural , exhibited no mutagenicity toward tester strains TA98
      and TA100 with or without metabolic activation. Pure active mutagen(s) was (were)
      not, however, identified in either system.

PMID- 6376606
TI  - Silver calcaneal osteotomy for flexible flatfoot: a retrospective preliminary
      report.
AB  - There are many procedures in vogue today for the surgical correction of
      pathologic pes plano valgus deformity. The Silver opening wedge calcaneal
      osteotomy is utilized to correct excessive heel valgus and attempts to realign
      the heel under the weight-bearing surface of the tibia. It has no effect on the
      position or function of the subtalar joint. Midtarsal joint stress is decreased
      and the foot retains its ability to adapt to uneven terrain. The procedure is
      rarely used alone and is most frequently combined with heel cord lengthening or
      gastrocnemius tendon recession. In this presentation, the authors review the
      indications, contraindications, fundamentals of bone grafting, surgical
      technique, postoperative care and possible complications of the Silver calcaneal
      osteotomy. Preliminary results based on 10 cases during the past 3 years have
      been favorable.

PMID- 6376607
TI  - A comprehensive review of hallux limitus.
AB  - This paper will present a review of the literature on hallux limitus, including
      etiology, clinical findings, radiographic findings, and surgical treatment.
      Criteria for the treatment of this problem will also be presented.

PMID- 6376608
TI  - Review of postoperative results of the subtalar arthrorisis operation: a
      preliminary study.
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to report the preliminary results of a follow-up
      study of the subtalar arthrorisis operation for the correction of flexible
      flatfoot. It is the authors' intention to report the efficacy of this surgical
      procedure in restoring the flexible flatfoot to normal function.

PMID- 6376609
TI  - [Neonatal infection caused by the beta-hemolytic streptococcus of group B:
      review].
AB  - This review of the literature on the pathogenicity of B group beta-haemolytic
      streptococcal infection in perinatology first describes the clinical
      symptomatology of the illness in the newborn and its incidence. One per cent of
      all babies born to mothers with the infection are seriously affected themselves.
      Between one and three infants per thousand births die of it. B Group beta
      haemolytic streptococcus is, together with E. Coli, the principal cause of
      neonatal death from infection. The techniques for identifying the bacteria are
      more reliable when the appropriate transport media and the selected culture media
      described in the text are used. The different therapies that have been put
      forward by different authors are described together with their results. In the
      conclusions reached the essential features that can be used to serve as a guide
      for the clinician in his choice of preventive or curative therapy are pointed
      out.

PMID- 6376610
TI  - HMO enrollment of Medicare recipients: an analysis of incentives and barriers.
AB  - Although there has been increased interest in use of the health maintenance
      organization (HMO) model to resolve a variety of problems relating to provision
      of health care to older individuals, less than 2 percent of Medicare
      beneficiaries are currently enrolled in HMOs. This paper examines both
      legislative and operational barriers to HMO enrollment of the elderly.
      Legislative reforms, HMO organizational structures, and marketing strategies
      thought to encourage enrollment of the elderly are discussed.

PMID- 6376611
TI  - Determination and use of test dilution of klebocins for typing of Klebsiella
      pneumoniae.

PMID- 6376613
TI  - A bacteriological study of sweets commonly in use.

PMID- 6376612
TI  - Corneal pathogenicity of Candida albicans in dexamethasone administered rabbits.

PMID- 6376614
TI  - Medical Museum notes.

PMID- 6376615
TI  - Little Laura and others like her. Health care of American Colonial children.

PMID- 6376616
TI  - Double immunocytochemical staining in the study of antibody-producing cells in
      vivo. Detection of specific antibody-producing cells in the spleen and
      simultaneous determination whether or not they produce immunoglobulin G
      antibodies.
AB  - Rabbits were primed intravenously with human serum albumin (HSA) and boosted with
      the same antigen 2 months later. Cells producing specific antibodies against HSA
      could be detected in vivo and it could be determined whether or not they belonged
      to the immunoglobulin (Ig) G class using a combined peroxidase (HRP) and alkaline
      phosphatase (AP) immunocytochemical technique. HRP-HSA conjugate was used for
      detection of anti-HSA-producing cells and AP-sheep anti-rabbit IgG (SRIgG) was
      used to determine the IgG class of the antibodies produced by these cells in the
      same spleen section. After performing both HRP and AP cytochemistry, cells with a
      red-stained cytoplasm represent anti-HSA-producing cells not stained for their
      antibody class and cells with a blue-stained cytoplasm represent cells producing
      IgG antibodies not directed against HSA. Cells with a double-stained cytoplasm
      represent cells producing anti-HSA antibodies belonging to the IgG class. We also
      attempted to determine whether or not part of the anti-HSA-producing cells
      belonged to the IgM class using AP-sheep anti-rabbit IgM (SRIgM). In this case no
      double-stained cells were detected, indicating that the affinity of intracellular
      IgM-anti-HSA antibodies is too low to allow detection using the present
      technique.

PMID- 6376617
TI  - Visual detection of granulocyte surface antigens using the avidin-biotin complex.
AB  - A visual test for detection of granulocyte surface markers using the avidin
      biotin complex (ABC) has been developed. That this assay is highly specific,
      reproducible, and sensitive was determined by studying the expression of HLA
      antigens on granulocytes with monoclonal antibodies. Further, using granulocyte
      specific alloantisera, the results of the ABC test compared well to data from
      leukoagglutination assays and indirect immunofluorescence tests. The assay is
      particularly advantageous in that granulocytes can be stored, only small amounts
      of cells and sera are needed, and heterogeneous cell populations can easily be
      studied.

PMID- 6376618
TI  - The electron microscopic immunohistochemistry of elastase-treated aorta and
      nuchal ligament of fetal and postnatal sheep.
AB  - In conjunction with the immunoperoxidase and the immunoferritin methods,
      antielastin antibody was used to study the localization of elastin in untreated
      and elastase-treated elastic fibers of the nuchal ligament and the aorta of fetal
      and young adult sheep. In tissues not treated with elastase, the staining
      reaction for antielastin antibody was localized in the outer zones of the
      amorphous components and along the surfaces of the microfibrils ; the central
      zones of the amorphous components were unreactive. After mild elastase treatment,
      incompletely digested amorphous components showed staining both in their central
      and outer zones, and some of the microfibrils became unreactive. After extensive
      elastase treatment, small scattered amorphous components were still found in
      association with bundles of microfibrils. These components were stained diffusely
      by the antielastin antibody method but were not detectable by staining with
      uranyl acetate and lead citrate or with Kajikawa 's method for elastin; elastin
      was not detected on the surfaces of the microfibrils by any of the methods used.
      These findings were interpreted as indicating that the surfaces of the
      microfibrils are associated with small amounts of elastin, and that evenly
      stained amorphous components are composed of elastin, which is loosely arranged
      and allows the penetration of antielastin antibody. These observations support
      the concept that microfibrils serve an important role as a scaffold for elastin
      deposition in elastogenesis. Because of their high sensitivity,
      immunohistochemical methods for detecting elastin are useful to study partially
      degraded elastic fibers.

PMID- 6376619
TI  - Use of immunogold electron microscopy and monoclonal antibodies in the
      identification of nuclear substructures.
AB  - A cytochemical technique for the ultrastructural localization of unique nuclear
      antigens is reported. Using a post-embedding indirect immunogold labeling
      procedure, nuclear antigens in electron-dense regions of the nucleus are
      localized with a minimum of nonspecific staining. Using this technique and
      indirect immunofluorescence, a panel of antinuclear monoclonal antibodies is
      shown to recognize preferentially cell cycle-dependent nuclear substructures. The
      antigenic domains recognized include specific regions in condensed chromatin,
      interchromatin granules, euchromatin, and chromosomes. The specificity of antigen
      recognition is demonstrated with qualitative and quantitative immunogold electron
      microscopy and immunoblot analysis. These results reveal the existence of
      previously undefined supramolecular organization within the nucleus and
      demonstrate the utility of the immunogold procedure when monoclonal antibodies
      are used.

PMID- 6376620
TI  - Neuron types in the rat dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus identified in Nissl and
      deimpregnated Golgi preparations.
AB  - To identify geniculo-cortical relay neurons (GCR-neurons) and interneurons (I
      neurons) in Nissl stained sections of the albino rat's (Wistar strain) dorsal
      lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) we combined a Golgi deimpregnation technique
      (Fairen et al. 1977) with the Nissl staining. The two types of neurons show
      numerous characteristic features in Golgi preparations (Brauer and Schober 1973,
      Grossman et al. 1973, Brauer et al. 1974, Winkelmann et al. 1976, 1979). After
      application of the combined method it is obvious that neuronal somata exhibit
      also features which make it possible to identify these types of neurons in Nissl
      stained series. GCR-neurons are characterized by a very broad cytoplasmic
      portion, whereas a particularly thin cytoplasm rim is typical of I-neurons. Our
      findings confirm former results obtained by analysis of Nissl material (Werner
      and Kruger 1973, Werner et al. 1975, Werner and Winkelmann 1976, Werner et al.
      1984). In these investigations, special attention was paid to cytoplasmic and
      nuclear characteristics in order to elucidate the ratio of GCR-/I-neurons (13:1)
      and the internal dLGN topography. It is still discussed if the described
      cytological features can be taken as basis for the classification of GCR- and I
      neurons in other species.

PMID- 6376621
TI  - Homosexual identity: a concept in need of definition.
AB  - Despite the fact that the concept homosexual identity has been used extensively
      in the literature on homosexuality since the late 1960s, investigators have shown
      little concern for defining or discussing the manner in which it is used. As a
      result, the study of homosexual identity has been characterized by confusion,
      disarray, and ambiguity. A multiplicity of terminologies makes comparisons
      between studies difficult. There has been little attempt to place theoretical
      proposals or data within the framework of existing psychological literature on
      identity. A number of assumptions critical to an understanding of homosexual
      identity are commonly made, and several of these are discussed: The synonymity of
      homosexual identity and self-concept; homosexual identity as childhood identity;
      homosexual identity as sexual identity; and homosexuality as distinct essence.
      This review also considers the following issues: The distinction between identity
      and behavior; the utility of an identity construct as applied to the study of
      homosexuals; the definition of identity in developmental theories of homosexual
      identity; and homosexual group identity.

PMID- 6376622
TI  - Research on sexual orientation: definitions and methods.
AB  - An extensive survey of the research literature on sexual orientation was
      undertaken for the purpose of determining how sexual orientation had been
      conceptually and operationally defined and how research subjects had been
      identified and selected. Two hundred-twenty-eight articles from 47 different
      journals were analyzed. Sexual orientation, it was found, was conceptually
      defined in 28 studies and operationally defined in 168. In 196 studies
      respondents were identified on the basis of the settings in which they were
      found. Because of the great variation in both conceptual and operational
      definitions, it was almost impossible to determine with certainty the theoretical
      frameworks used in the studies. The wide divergency in the definitions of sexual
      orientation, the investigators conclude, is symptomatic of an underlying
      conceptual confusion.

PMID- 6376623
TI  - Human sexuality in biological perspective: theoretical and methodological
      considerations.
AB  - An increasing number of observers are claiming that a biological model is more
      appropriate to an understanding of human sexuality than the conventional social
      learning one. Such claims have prompted a perusal of the biological literature to
      ascertain whether the relevant evidence is convincing. The results of this review
      suggest that claims for the biological model are questionable since the evidence
      for that model either derives from animal studies (and is thus not generally
      applicable to human behavior) or is inconclusive, contradictory, or
      methodologically deficient. It is concluded, therefore, that behavioral
      scientists are at present on firm ground in using a social-learning, in
      preference to a biological, model to interpret most aspects of human sexual
      behavior.

PMID- 6376624
TI  - The immunoglobulin M response to rubella vaccine in young adult women.
AB  - Rubella vaccination histories were taken from 333 young women working in the head
      office of a retail organization: 29% said they had had vaccine and 47% said they
      had not. The remainder did not know. Forty-six per cent of those less than or
      equal to 25 years old (who should have been offered vaccine at school), and 6% of
      those greater than 25 years old, said they had been vaccinated. When screened for
      immunity to rubella by radial haemolysis (RH) 3% had a low level of antibody
      (less than 15 i.u./ml) and 11% had no antibody. After immunization with Cendevax
      the specific rubella IgM response was measured by an IgM antibody capture
      radioimmunassay (MACRIA). It was only detectable in the group without RH
      antibody, and was present in 26/31 of them. The IgM response to Cendevax was
      strongest in specimens taken 20-39 days after immunization, but in 10 out of 11
      cases tested was still present at around 71 days. The specific IgM responses to
      Cendevax were very similar to those in women given Almevax in an earlier study,
      when measured in parallel tests. Taking both vaccines together, specific IgM was
      present in 35 out of 36 vaccinees without pre-existing antibody tested between 40
      and 77 days post-immunization. Detection of specific IgM by MACRIA would
      therefore be an effective means of determining susceptibility retrospectively in
      rubella vaccinees found to be pregnant.

PMID- 6376625
TI  - Distribution of multilocus genotypes of Escherichia coli within and between host
      families.
AB  - Isolates from the intestinal Escherichia coli flora of 28 members of five
      families (including parents, children, and household pets) in Amherst,
      Massachusetts, and Rochester, New York, were characterized by the electrophoretic
      mobilities of 12 enzymes to estimate the extent of sharing of strains among
      associated and unassociated hosts. Among the 655 isolates examined, 60 different
      combinations of electromorphs (electrophoretic types or ETs), each representing a
      distinctive multilocus genotype, were identified, of which 85% were recovered
      from only a single individual. On average, 11% of the ETs isolated from the same
      family were shared by two or more members; 4.9% of ETs were shared among members
      of unassociated families living in the same city; and only 2% were shared by
      families in different cities. All three ETs that were recovered from multiple
      hosts in the present study are widespread clones that have been isolated from
      many other host individuals in North America and Sweden.

PMID- 6376626
TI  - Factors influencing salmonella shedding in broiler chickens.
AB  - Three variables were included in a study to determine their effect on the
      incidence of Salmonella typhimurium in broilers challenged at four days of age.
      Variables included the presence or absence of a feed additive, avoparcin; the use
      of new or used litter and the initiating dose of salmonella. Cloacal swabs were
      taken from approximately 600 chicks at weekly intervals for 45 days. At 10(4),
      10(6) and 10(8) c.f.u./chick there was a direct association of challenge dose and
      the incidence of positive chicks for the first several weeks. Chicks raised on
      used litter showed an appreciable reduction in susceptibility to salmonella when
      compared to control animals on fresh litter. As the birds approached slaughter
      age, the influence of litter hygiene and challenge dose diminished under the
      conditions of this study. Avoparcin in the diet at 10 p.p.m. had no enhancing
      effect on salmonella shedding at any time during the 45-day sampling period. The
      implications of competitive exclusion are discussed.

PMID- 6376627
TI  - Salmonella serotypes isolated from man in Malaysia over the 10-year period 1973
      1982.
AB  - The results of serotyping of 10 953 salmonella isolates from humans over a 10
      year period, 1973-82 at the Bacteriology Division, Institute for Medical
      Research, Malaysia are presented. A total of 104 serotypes from 22 'O' groups
      were encountered; 95 isolates were considered untypable. The three most
      predominant serotypes, namely Salmonella typhi, S. typhimurium and S. weltevreden
      together accounted for 54.1% of all isolates whilst the 25 most frequent
      serotypes accounted for 93.6% of the total. Whilst the commoner serotypes
      occurred regularly throughout the study period, the rarer ones tended to appear
      only in one year, when they might be associated with an outbreak, and never
      again. The pattern of serotypes, though quite similar to the one seen in
      neighbouring Singapore, is different from those experienced in other places such
      as Hong Kong, Jakarta, Bangladesh and Manchester.

PMID- 6376628
TI  - Two new monoclonal antibodies (LN-1, LN-2) reactive in B5 formalin-fixed,
      paraffin-embedded tissues with follicular center and mantle zone human B
      lymphocytes and derived tumors.
AB  - Two monoclonal antibodies (LN-1, LN-2) reactive with B lymphocytes in B5 formalin
      fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections have been produced by utilizing cell
      extracts from pokeweed mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes and
      diffuse histiocytic lymphoma SU-DHL-4 cells, respectively. Both monoclonal
      antibodies were initially identified by indirect immunofluorescence screening
      techniques on paraformaldehyde-acetone-fixed cell preparations. Specificity
      screens with 36 well-characterized human lymphoma and leukemia cell lines showed
      that both LN-1 and LN-2 stained cell lines of B cell lineage but were unreactive
      with those of T cell or, with one exception, myeloid derivation. Null cell acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines were found to be LN-2+ but LN-1-. The B cell
      specificity of these reagents was confirmed on 15 lymphoma and 17 leukemia biopsy
      specimens by using indirect immunofluorescence techniques. Immunoperoxidase
      staining of sections from B5-fixed, paraffin-embedded human lymphoid tissues
      showed that LN-1 bound to the cell membrane and cytoplasm of germinal center
      cells whereas LN-2 stained the nuclear membrane and cytoplasm of germinal center
      and mantle zone B lymphocytes as well as interfollicular histiocytes and thymic
      medullary dendritic cells. Both monoclonal antibodies failed to stain cortical
      thymocytes, lymph node T cells, and peripheral blood T and myeloid cells.
      Immunoperoxidase staining of 20 nonlymphoid human organs and tissues revealed
      that LN-1 reacted positively with red blood cell precursors of the bone marrow,
      ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchus, distal tubular cells of the kidney,
      and ductal cells from several organs including the breast and prostate. In
      contrast, LN-2 was unreactive with all human nonlymphoid organs and tissues
      including the bone marrow. Indirect immunofluorescence staining of a panel of 26
      solid tumor cells lines showed that LN-1 was reactive with the majority of
      epithelium-derived cell lines, glioblastomas, and astrocytomas but was unreactive
      with neuroblastomas, small cell carcinoma of the lung, and sarcomas. LN-2 was
      unreactive with 25 of 26 of the solid tumor cell lines by these techniques.
      Immunobiochemical studies have shown that LN-1 recognizes a cell surface
      sialoantigen whereas LN-2 is directed against a 35,000 dalton nuclear membrane
      protein. Because of their high specificity for B cell tumors and their ability to
      stain B5-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, LN-1 and LN-2 are useful reagents for
      the diagnosis and classification of the human lymphomas and leukemias.

PMID- 6376629
TI  - Complement activation by heat-killed human kidney cells: formation, activity, and
      stabilization of cell-bound C3 convertases.
AB  - Heat-killed kidney cells (HKKC) incubated with serum or purified C3 and factors B
      and D stain intensely for C3 by immunofluorescence. Binding of complement (C) did
      not occur if ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was added to the C source or
      if factor B or D was omitted from the mixture of alternative pathway components.
      When the C-treated cells were washed, then incubated in purified C3 containing 10
      mM EDTA, C3 conversion ensued, confirming the presence of a cell-bound C3
      convertase. C3-reactive cells were not generated if EDTA was present during
      formation of the convertase. The addition of C3 nephritic factor (C3NeF) during
      formation of the C3 convertase from alternative pathway components greatly
      enhanced subsequent C3 cleavage, presumably by stabilizing labile C3bBb sites;
      however, binding of C3NeF did not appear to extend the half-life of the
      convertase, which was 35 min at 37 degrees C in each case. In contrast, little or
      no effect on C3 conversion could be detected after the addition of equivalent
      C3NeF to serum and HKKC. Thus, C activation by HKKC involves formation and
      activity of a cell-bound C3 convertase, which under certain circumstances can be
      stabilized by C3NeF.

PMID- 6376630
TI  - Antibody-independent C1 activation by E. coli.
AB  - Antibody-independent interactions of C1 with several E. coli strains were
      examined. Purified C1 was directly activated by the semi-rough mutant E. coli J
      5, its parental wild-type strain, E. coli 0111:B4, and two clinical isolates, E.
      coli (P) and E. coli (A), in the absence of C1 inhibitor. E. coli J-5 activated
      C1 about 10-fold more rapidly and bound approximately threefold more C1 than the
      other strains. E. coli J-5, but not the other strains, also bound C1s2, provided
      that the subcomponent was offered to the bacteria in the presence of C1q and
      calcium; such binding was thus independent of the presence or absence of C1r2.
      After C1 activation in the absence of C1 inhibitor, activated C1s spontaneously
      dissociated from E. coli 0111:B4, (P), and (A), but remained associated with E.
      coli J-5. The regulatory protein C1 inhibitor prevented C1 activation by the
      weaker activators, E. coli strains 0111:B4, (P), and (A), but had no effect on C1
      activation by E. coli J-5. Although C1 inhibitor thus failed to modulate C1
      activation by E. coli J-5, it did block the enzymatic activity of activated C1
      bound to this strain. Analyses of the molecular processes involved revealed
      differences with other systems. In the presence of C1 inhibitor, the C1s subunit
      of C1 activated by E. coli J-5 underwent further cleavage with the release into
      the supernatant of C1s fragments and complexes of C1 inhibitor with light chain
      fragments. Such fragments were not disulfide-linked to the remainder of the C1s
      molecule. The bulk of the heavy chain remained adherent to the surface of E. coli
      J-5. This finding documents the presence of a binding site for activated C1s on
      the surface of E. coli J-5 and localizes this site to the heavy chain. These
      studies thus indicate that several E. coli strains are direct C1 activators.
      Furthermore, E. coli J-5 provides another example of a direct C1 activator having
      binding sites not only for C1q but also for dimeric C1s. The studies also show
      that there are multiple properties of particles which determine the ability to
      activate C1, the rate of activation, the possibility of regulation of the
      activation process by C1 inhibitor, and the fate of activated C1.

PMID- 6376631
TI  - Cellular immunity induced by avirulent Salmonella in LPS-defective C3H/HeJ mice.
AB  - An avirulent strain of Salmonella, SL3235, has been shown to confer high levels
      of immunity on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-hyporesponsive C3H/HeJ mice. Immunized
      mice were also protected against challenge with Listeria monocytogenes,
      indicating that the Salmonella vaccine activates macrophages. It was shown that
      protection and macrophage activation occurred without correction of the LPS
      defect, as assessed by in vivo endotoxin toxicity, in vitro spleen cell
      mitogenicity, and the ability of in vivo treatment with LPS to enhance in vitro
      macrophage ingestion of C3b-coated erythrocytes. It is concluded that LPS
      responsiveness is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for Salmonella
      immunity, and that macrophage activation can apparently occur in C3H/HeJ mice in
      the face of a sustained LPS defect.

PMID- 6376632
TI  - Antigens of Dirofilaria immitis which are immunogenic in the canine host:
      detection by immuno-staining of protein blots with the antibodies of occult dogs.
AB  - We describe here the profiles of antigens of Dirofilaria immitis that are
      immunogenic in dogs. Purebred beagle dogs were inoculated with a standard number
      of the infective third-stage larvae of the heartworm. Microfilaremia and anti
      heartworm antibody levels were monitored by the Knott's test and by ELISA,
      respectively. Antibody-binding polypeptides were detected by immunoperoxidase
      staining of protein blots of detergent extracts of adult parasites from SDS-PAGE
      gels. Densitometric scans of these blots revealed considerable variation in the
      profiles of dirofilarial antigens detected by the sera obtained at different
      stages of the infection. Sera obtained during the prepatent phase, i.e., 3 mo
      post-infection (titer 1:2000), detected antigens of Mr 75, 80, 100, 130, and 200
      kilodaltons. In addition to these antigens, sera obtained at the onset of
      microfilaremia, 6 mo post-infection (titer 1:30,000), detected antigens of Mr 15,
      16, 18, 34, and 38 kilodaltons. Protein blots stained with sera from dogs, which
      subsequently cleared the microfilaremia and in which the infection became occult,
      showed that most of the antibody reactivities were directed at antigens of Mr 15,
      21, and 38 kilodaltons. The variations in the species of molecules detected in
      sera obtained during the course of an infection seem to reflect fluctuations in
      the levels of specific antibodies directed at the individual heartworm antigens.
      We discuss the apparent role that the metamorphic differentiation of the parasite
      may play in determining the levels of reactivities of these antibodies at
      specific stages of the infection.

PMID- 6376633
TI  - IgA-dependent cell-mediated activity against enteropathogenic bacteria:
      distribution, specificity, and characterization of the effector cells.
AB  - Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against murine enteropathogenic
      bacteria such as Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella tel aviv or Shigella X16
      was assessed by using IgG, IgA, and secretory IgA (sIgA) in a 2-hr in vitro assay
      where peripheral and intestinal lymphocytes were used as effector cells. It was
      found that IgG could arm splenocytes (SpL) better than IgA. However, IgG did not
      arm lymphocytes from Peyer's patches (PPL) or from mesenteric lymph nodes (MnL),
      whereas IgA of plasmacytoma origin against S. tel aviv and purified intestinal
      sIgA against Shigella X16 induced specific antibacterial ADCC with both SpL and
      PPL. When sIgA were tested with intestinal lymphocytes from the epithelium and
      the lamina propria, i.e., cells from the gut mucosa which first interact with
      enteric bacteria, it was found that both these lymphoid populations were able to
      express sIgA-dependent ADCC against Shigella X16. In parallel tests, cells from
      thymus and popliteal lymph nodes failed to express ADCC. Blocking studies with
      purified IgG and IgA of goat, rabbit, and mouse origin demonstrated that the Fc
      alpha and Fc-gamma receptors were specifically involved in IgA- or IgG-dependent
      antibacterial ADCC. At least two effector populations, a macrophage and a Thy-1.2
      lymphocyte, were observed to exert IgA-ADCC at the splenic level, whereas only
      lymphoid cells expressed this activity at the GALT level. Together, these results
      describe a new activity of IgA against enteropathogenic bacteria.

PMID- 6376634
TI  - An avidin-biotin ELISA for the measurement of serum and secretory IgD.
AB  - This paper describes an improved microtiter solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for
      the determination of serum and secretory IgD. Use of the interaction between
      biotinylated anti-human IgD and horseradish peroxidase(HRP)-avidin conjugate
      permits quantitation of human IgD in the range of 1-64 ng/ml. IgD was detected in
      all samples of serum, saliva and nasal secretions of 28 normal adults. In only
      one subject both serum and secretory IgD were undetectable. The mean
      concentration of serum IgD determined by this assay is similar to that reported
      by other authors using radioimmunoassay. The assay described is not only rapid
      and inexpensive but at least as sensitive as the radioimmunoassays usually
      employed for quantitation of IgD.

PMID- 6376635
TI  - Use of monoclonal antibodies and F(ab')2 enzyme conjugates in ELISA for IgM, IgA
      and IgG rheumatoid factors.
AB  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were developed for the measurement of
      rheumatoid factors (RF) of IgM, IgA and IgG isotypes. Rabbit IgG was used as
      substrate and the results expressed as units by referral to standards. Rabbit
      antibody could not be used for detection of IgA or IgG RF without either pepsin
      digesting the antibody or inactivating the IgM RF activity of the test sample.
      When a double antibody system of mouse monoclonal anti-human Fab gamma and goat
      (Fab')2 anti-mouse IgG was used for the IgG RF assay, pepsin treatment of serum
      samples was unnecessary. Raised serum IgA RF may be a reliable early marker of
      erosive rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

PMID- 6376636
TI  - Development of a sensitive solid-phase radioimmunoassay technique for
      quantification of class-specific Escherichia coli antibodies.
AB  - A specific and sensitive, quantitative solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) has
      been developed for the detection of Escherichia coli antibodies in serum and
      secretions. Preparation of affinity-purified anti-E. coli standards allows
      accurate quantification of G, M and A classes of antibody down to 10 ng/ml using
      only 20 microliters of sample. This technique has considerable advantages over
      indirect haemagglutination in sensitivity and accuracy of immunoglobulin class
      detection. RIA also compares favourably with ELISA in sensitivity and sample size
      required. Affinity-purified standards may also be used to quantify the ELISA
      test.

PMID- 6376637
TI  - Correlation of murine anti-dinitrophenyl antibody content as determined by ELISA,
      passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and passive hemolysis.
AB  - Antibody contents of IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgE were measured by enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in ascites and sera obtained from mice injected with
      hybridomas producing monoclonal anti-DNP antibodies. In addition, IgG1 and IgE
      antibodies from sera of immunized mice were also measured by ELISA.
      Concomitantly, antibody contents were also determined by passive cutaneous
      anaphylaxis (PCA) in mice for IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, by PCA in guinea pigs for
      IgG2a, by PCA in rats for IgE and by passive hemolysis (PL) for IgG2a and IgG2b.
      Good correlations were found in the investigated samples between ELISA and the
      biological determinations.

PMID- 6376638
TI  - Regulatory proteins for the activated third and fourth components of complement
      (C3b and C4b) in mice. I. Isolation and characterization of factor H: the serum
      cofactor for the C3b/C4b inactivator (factor I).
AB  - Factor H, purified from mouse EDTA-plasma using a 4-step procedure, consists of a
      single polypeptide chain of Mr 150,000 on SDS-PAGE. Mouse H (Hmo) was required
      for the cleavage of fluid-phase mouse C3b by mouse I (Imo). The final product of
      degradation of fluid-phase mouse C3b was iC3b, consisting of fragments of the
      alpha'-chain (alpha'-70, alpha'-43) linked by disulfide bonds to an intact beta
      chain. Imo alone was capable of cleavage of membrane-bound mouse C3b and of
      generating iC3b. The addition of Hmo nevertheless had an enhancing effect on Imo
      activity, but cleavage did not proceed beyond iC3b. These observations suggest
      that one important function of Hmo is to permit the inactivation of fluid-phase
      C3b, and to inhibit irreversibly its activity. The concentration of H in the
      plasma of male and female BALB/c mice was not significantly different. Among
      different inbred strains of mice, large differences were observed in the plasma
      levels of H, and plasma H levels were positively correlated with the plasma
      levels of C3. This observation, taken together with the well known role of H in
      the control of the activation of the alternative pathway, suggests that the
      turnover of C3 is controlled to some extent by H.

PMID- 6376639
TI  - Loss of HLA-DR expression by human epidermal cells after growth in culture.
AB  - These studies present evidence that when human epidermal cells are grown in
      culture they lose both the ability to stimulate the proliferation of allogeneic T
      lymphocytes in vitro and their expression of HLA-DR antigens. Our results also
      show that epidermal cells incubated with anti-HLA-DR serum lose their ability to
      stimulate the proliferation to allogeneic T lymphocytes in a mixed skin cell
      lymphocyte reaction.

PMID- 6376640
TI  - Differences in complement-dependent chemotactic activity generated by bullous
      pemphigoid and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita immune complexes: demonstration by
      leukocytic attachment and organ culture methods.
AB  - Bullous pemphigoid (BP) and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) are chronic
      blistering diseases associated with circulating complement (C)-binding anti
      basement membrane zone (BMZ) antibodies and tissue-deposited immune complexes at
      the BMZ. Experimental evidence supporting a role for C-activating immune
      complexes in the pathogenesis of dermal inflammation and blisters has been
      reported in BP but not in EBA. In this study tissue-deposited immune complexes
      composed of EBA or BP antibodies were tested for generation of C-dependent
      chemotactic activity and the capacity to cause dermal leukocyte infiltration and
      dermal-epidermal separation (DES). Chemotactic activity was measured by the
      leukocyte attachment (LA) method. The capacity of complexes to mediate leukocyte
      infiltration and DES was examined in vitro using a newly described organ culture
      method. The results of LA showed immune complexes formed in vivo in EBA skin or
      in vitro by treating normal human skin with EBA antibodies were significantly
      more active in mediating C-dependent chemotaxis than complexes in BP skin or
      those formed with BP antibodies of equivalent or higher C-binding titers.
      Furthermore EBA antibodies and C caused leukocyte infiltration and DES in organ
      culture while BP antibodies did not. These results support a role for C-binding
      anti-BMZ antibodies in the pathogenesis of EBA lesions and demonstrate
      differences in the capacity of BP and EBA immune complexes to generate C
      dependent chemotactic activity. These results suggest factors in addition to C
      binding titers are important in the activation of C by BP and EBA immune
      complexes and suggest chemotactic factors other than those derived from C
      activation may be important in the recruitment of leukocytes in BP.

PMID- 6376641
TI  - The appearance of four basement membrane zone antigens in developing human fetal
      skin.
AB  - In order to study the ontogeny of various structural and antigenic components of
      the basement membrane zone of human skin, we have examined skin specimens from 20
      aborted fetuses ranging in gestational ages from 6 to 25 weeks, utilizing light
      microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and indirect immunofluorescence
      with antibodies to bullous pemphigoid antigen, laminin, type IV collagen, and to
      the antigen defined by KF-1 monoclonal antibody. Both laminin and type IV
      collagen were detectable as early as 6 weeks of gestational age. In contrast,
      bullous pemphigoid antigen and the antigen defined by KF-1 antibody were not
      detectable before 10 weeks and 16 weeks, respectively. The appearance of bullous
      pemphigoid antigen correlated with stratification of the epidermis and the
      formation of hemidesmosomes and anchoring fibrils at the basement membrane zone.
      KF-1 antigen is first expressed when the epidermis is further stratified,
      hemidesmosomes and anchoring fibrils are present in greater numbers and with
      increased frequency at the dermal-epidermal junction, and hair follicles have
      begun to bud downward from the basal layer of the epidermis. Our findings suggest
      an orderly sequence to the appearance of these basement membrane zone components
      within human skin.

PMID- 6376642
TI  - Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic characterization of the cellular
      infiltrate in alopecia (areata, totalis, and universalis).
AB  - The inflammatory cell infiltrates in scalp skin of 35 patients, 20 with alopecia
      areata (AA), 7 with totalis, and 8 with universalis were characterized with the
      ANAE (alpha-naphthylacetate esterase) marker, monoclonal antibodies, and electron
      microscopy. As demonstrated by the ANAE staining, no clear difference in the main
      lymphocyte subclasses (T and B cells) or macrophages was seen between the
      different types of alopecia or as compared to control patients' scalp skin.
      However, T lymphocytes and macrophages were seen most frequently and in greater
      numbers perivascularly and infiltrating the hair bulb in those cases of AA where
      active hair loss took place. Using monoclonal OKT (OKT-3, -4, and -8) antibodies
      and the avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method on frozen sections, a concentration
      of OKT-8 reactive cells (suppressor/cytotoxic T cells) was seen peribulbarly and
      invading the hair infundibulum. The cells affecting the hair infundibulum were
      further studied by electron microscopy. They could be classified into three main
      types: small lymphocytes (60%), macrophages (30%) and cells closely resembling
      large granular lymphocytes (LGL) (10%). LGL have previously been considered to be
      human natural killer (HNK) cells. Thus the hair follicle seems to be the target
      for the cellular immune response in alopecia. Whether HNK cells participate in
      the destruction of hair bulbs remains to be investigated.

PMID- 6376643
TI  - Thy-1+ dendritic cells in murine epidermis are bone marrow-derived.
AB  - Thy-1+, Ly-5+ dendritic cells have recently been described as a resident cell
      population in murine epidermis, but their ontogeny and function are unknown. We
      therefore investigated the origin and turnover of epidermal Thy-1+ cells
      utilizing chimeric mice. Lethally x-irradiated AKR/J (Thy-1.1+) and AKR/Cum (Thy
      1.2+) mice were reconstituted with allogeneic bone marrow cells with or without
      thymocytes from congenic AKR/Cum or AKR/J mice, respectively. The density of
      residual indigenous Thy-1.1+ cells in AKR/J chimeras and Thy-1.2+ cells in
      AKR/Cum chimeras was substantially reduced following x-irradiation, as determined
      by immunofluorescence staining of epidermal sheets. Epidermal repopulation by
      allogeneic Thy-1+ dendritic epidermal cells was first observed at 5 weeks in
      AKR/J chimeras and at 7 weeks in AKR/Cum chimeras and progressed slowly.
      Repopulation was not enhanced by increasing the number of allogeneic bone marrow
      cells injected from 2 X 10(7) to 10(8) cells or by the addition of 8 X 10(7)
      allogeneic thymocytes to the donor inoculate. Epidermal repopulation by
      allogeneic Thy-1.2+ cells was not seen in AKR/J mice reconstituted with syngeneic
      bone marrow cells and allogeneic Thy-1.2+ AKR/Cum thymocytes. Taken together,
      these results indicate that Thy-1+ dendritic epidermal cells are derived from the
      bone marrow and suggest that they are not related to conventional peripheral T
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 6376644
TI  - HLA-DR and herpes gestationis.

PMID- 6376645
TI  - Peptide-elicited protein-reactive antibodies in molecular biology and medicine.
AB  - A relatively short peptide can be used as an immunogen to elicit antibodies that
      are capable of reacting with full-length proteins containing the peptide's amino
      acid sequence. Such peptides are frequently represented in the primary sequence
      of a protein. The antibodies elicited by these peptides are directed against a
      specific region of the protein chosen in advance by the investigator and so have
      a predetermined specificity. In basic research, such antibodies are useful in
      identifying the gene product of an open reading frame, purifying enzymatically
      active proteins by immunoaffinity techniques, and investigating protein folding
      domains and immunogenic structure and function. In medicine, since some peptides
      are capable of eliciting antisera that can bind to and neutralize virus, the
      antibodies may be reagents for passive vaccination, antitoxin therapy, and
      targeted immunotherapy of neoplasia. The peptides themselves may serve as the
      basis for safe, chemically defined vaccines.

PMID- 6376646
TI  - The role of antibody and complement in the control of viral infections.
AB  - Host defense against viral infection is extremely complex and includes both
      humoral and cellular immune mechanisms. This contribution examines the mechanisms
      by which antibody (Ab) and the complement (C) system, major constituents of the
      humoral immune system, inactivate viruses and block viral maturation in virus
      infected cells in vitro. Ab and C may neutralize viruses by envelopment in a
      coating of protein, by aggregation by lysis, or by facilitating interactions with
      various effector cells. Ab and C molecules deposited on the surfaces of viruses
      may physically interfere with the ability of the virus to infect a potentially
      susceptible cell. This appears to be the most common mechanism by which Ab and C
      neutralize viruses. In rare instances, Ab and/or C may aggregate viruses;
      aggregation reduces the net number of infectious particles and thus is manifest
      as neutralization. C may lyse enveloped viruses, resulting in irreversible viral
      inactivation. However, this does not appear to be a major mechanism of viral
      neutralization. Finally, the Fc portions of bound Ab molecules as well as bound C
      molecules may interact with effector cells with specific receptors for these
      factors and thereby facilitate viral destruction. In regard to virus-infected
      cells, the deposition of Ab or C on the cell surface may prevent the maturation
      or release of viral particles and alter normal cellular functions. Ab and C may
      also lyse virus-infected cells, abruptly stopping further viral maturation. Such
      lytic events require only the F(ab')2 portion of the Ab molecule and proceed via
      activation of the alternative C pathway. Effector cells may also interact with Ab
      and/or C molecules deposited on virus-infected cells, leading to cytotoxic
      reactions and/or ingestion depending on the type of effector cell involved. The
      activated C system has the ability to produce an acute inflammatory response
      leading to alterations in vessel permeability, edema, changes in smooth-muscle
      contractility, and the influx of leukocytes. Such inflammatory responses
      occurring in tissues, including the skin, as a result of C activation not only
      retard the spread of the infection and facilitate the destruction of the
      infectious agent, but also in all likelihood damage normal tissues in the
      vicinity. In addition, C activation in tissues also has the ability to stimulate
      arachidonic acid metabolism and induce the release of histamine and other
      mediators as well as pyrogens from appropriate cell types. A number of the
      systemic symptoms characteristic of viral infections, such as headaches,
      myalgias, and fever, likely result from such processes.

PMID- 6376647
TI  - Purification, bacterial expression, and biological activities of the human
      interferons.
AB  - The structural and functional complexity of the human interferon system has
      become increasingly evident. More than eight different alpha (leukocyte)
      interferons are expressed in induced human cells in culture. Many of these have
      been purified by a combination of methods, including high-performance liquid
      chromatography. Moreover, at least 12 different human leukocyte interferons have
      been cloned, and several have been efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli and
      other organisms. The availability of purified species of leukocyte interferon,
      both natural and recombinant, has allowed structural work to be done, including
      amino acid sequence determinations, chemical modification studies, and the
      crystallization of one species. The purified material has also been used for the
      production of monoclonal antibodies with various specificities that are proving
      invaluable in rapid assays and purification techniques. Testing of the purified
      species for their relative potency in antiviral, antiproliferative, and
      immunomodulatory assays has begun to demonstrate the functional uniqueness and
      diversity of the purified alpha interferons. Hybrid interferon genes have been
      synthesized by splicing together parts of various cloned interferon genes. The
      resulting hybrid proteins have been valuable in establishing structure/function
      relationships. In several cases, the functional properties of the hybrid protein
      were novel and unpredicted from the properties of the parental molecules.

PMID- 6376648
TI  - Possible role of natural killer cells and other effector cells in immune
      surveillance against cancer.
AB  - The concept of immune surveillance against cancer was initially formulated with
      thymus-dependent immunity as a central and requisite effector mechanism. However,
      a substantial amount of evidence has accumulated to indicate that T cell-mediated
      immunity is mainly important for protection against tumors induced by oncogenic
      viruses and not for many other types of spontaneous or chemical carcinogen
      induced tumors. It now appears likely that various components of the natural
      immune system also play major roles in immune surveillance. These include natural
      killer (NK) cells and macrophages. These existing evidence for the roles of these
      effector cells is discussed.

PMID- 6376650
TI  - From the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Summary of the
      19th United States-Japan Joint Cholera Conference.
AB  - Classical cholera has reappeared in Asia after a 20-year hiatus, reminding us
      that we still have much to learn about the epidemiology of this disease. The
      unexpected recovery of V. cholerae from nonendemic estuarine waters suggests that
      the continued occurrence of clinical cholera may not be entirely dependent on
      repeated contamination of environmental waters by man. Of critical importance has
      been the discovery and partial characterization of new enterotoxins produced by
      V. cholerae and ETEC, a finding that further complicates the already complex
      problem of fully elucidating the virulence mechanism of these organisms. The
      recent purification of Shiga toxin is beginning to provide clues as to its
      structure, function, and possible pathogenic role in EPEC-related hemorrhagic
      colitis and diarrhea. The conversion of virulent V. cholerae into less virulent
      strains by genetic engineering provides hope for the ultimate development of safe
      and effective live oral cholera vaccines. Intestinal Peyer's patches process
      living and killed enteropathogens differently, and this discovery may afford
      insights into ways to improve antigen potency. Enterotoxins differ fundamentally
      in their biochemical effects, and not all of them evoke active electrolyte
      secretion by altering cyclic-nucleotide levels in mucosal cells. Finally, the
      mucosal response to a protein toxin may be under some genetic control. The
      complete proceedings of this conference will be published by KTK Publishers
      (Tokyo). The next Joint Conference on Cholera has been scheduled for early
      November 1984 in Nara, Japan.

PMID- 6376649
TI  - Dengue virus type 2 vaccine: reactogenicity and immunogenicity in soldiers.
AB  - A live dengue virus type 2 (dengue-2) vaccine (PR-159/S-1) was tested for
      reactogenicity and immunogenicity in a placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical
      trial involving 98 soldiers. Seroconversion rates based on the development of
      neutralizing antibody to dengue-2 were 90% in 70 recipients with immunity to
      yellow fever and 61% in 28 vaccinees without such immunity (P less than .01).
      Peak titers of neutralizing antibody were three times higher in recipients with
      antibody to yellow fever virus and persisted in most for at least 18 months.
      Individuals seroconverting to the vaccine virus more frequently experienced
      systemic symptoms than those who received placebo (P less than .02). Future users
      of this dengue-2 vaccine may wish to employ immunization schedules that include
      preliminary immunization against yellow fever and must be prepared to accept mild
      vaccine-related symptoms in some recipients.

PMID- 6376651
TI  - Pulmonary clearance of Candida albicans in neutropenic mice.

PMID- 6376652
TI  - Potentiation of virulence by group B streptococcal polysaccharides.
AB  - The ability of group B streptococcal (GBS) capsular polysaccharides to potentiate
      virulence was examined. Incubation of soluble type Ia or III polysaccharide in
      hypogammaglobulinemic human serum inhibited classical complement-dependent
      opsonophagocytic killing of type Ia strain 515. When functional complement
      components were measured, C1 activity increased in sera with added polysaccharide
      whereas C4 activity decreased 80%-90%. Incubation of purified C1 with type Ia
      polysaccharide inhibited lysis of EAC4 cells in a C1 transfer assay. In a mouse
      lethality model, tail-vein injection of 50 micrograms of type Ia or III
      polysaccharide decreased the 50% lethal dose (LD50) from 3.2 X 10(6) to 2.2 X
      10(5). Total hemolytic complement levels in mice immediately after polysaccharide
      injection were increased over levels in control mice, but this difference was not
      seen 30 min later. The LD50 in mice depleted of C3 (with cobra venom factor) was
      6 X 10(5) and simultaneous injection of polysaccharide did not further lower the
      LD50.

PMID- 6376653
TI  - Vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae in childhood: lack of demonstrable
      benefit in young Australian children.
AB  - A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial of a 14-valent Streptococcus
      pneumoniae polysaccharide vaccine, with saline as placebo, was performed on 1,273
      healthy children six to 54 months of age. Different dosage regimens were used for
      children younger and older than two years of age. The vaccine was well tolerated.
      Follow-up continued for two years, during which time 95% of mothers submitted
      diaries of their children's respiratory-tract and otic symptoms. Data from
      diaries and medical and hospital case notes failed to reveal consistent or
      significant benefits in those who received the vaccine. In the first 16 months
      after immunization, recipients of placebo experienced an average of 0.69 episodes
      of otitis media per child, compared with 0.63 in recipients of vaccine (P = .6).
      Recipients of vaccine had no consistent reduction in days of respiratory
      morbidity, antibiotic consumption, hospitalization, or visits to a physician,
      when compared with recipients of placebo.

PMID- 6376654
TI  - Humans respond predominantly with IgM immunoglobulin to the species-specific
      glycolipid of Mycobacterium leprae.
AB  - The immunoglobulin classes of the antibody response to the species-specific
      phenolic glycolipid antigen of Mycobacterium leprae have been characterized for
      serum specimens from 78 patients with leprosy. These patients included the entire
      clinical spectrum from paucibacillary to multibacillary disease, including polar
      tuberculoid (TT; 11 patients), borderline tuberculoid (BT; 15), borderline (BB;
      17), borderline lepromatous (BL; 13), and lepromatous (LL; 22)--clinical
      classifications according to Ridley-Jopling criteria. In each patient group, the
      levels of IgM antibody to phenolic glycolipid were significantly higher than
      levels of IgG or IgA. Inhibition experiments with purified antigen showed that
      antibodies to the phenolic glycolipid dominated the human IgM antibody response
      to the surface of M. leprae.

PMID- 6376655
TI  - Importance of host factors in human salmonellosis caused by multiresistant
      strains of Salmonella.
AB  - Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella isolates from persons in randomly
      selected urban and rural counties in the United States were examined along with
      clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the host. Multiresistant strains,
      isolated from 66 (12.2%) of 542 persons evaluated, were associated with five of
      20 variables in univariate analyses: serotype heidelberg, host of Hispanic
      origin, host exposure to penicillins within four weeks before stool culture, age
      greater than or equal to 60 years, and regular antacid use. By multiple linear
      regression, the first three variables were each significantly associated with
      infections due to multiresistant Salmonella. One or more of the last three
      variables, thought to be host factors that may promote disease, were present for
      persons yielding 38% of multiresistant strains but only 12% of sensitive strains
      (P less than .001). The relatively large proportion of multiresistant Salmonella
      among isolates from persons with these risk factors suggests that to cause
      disease, resistant organisms are more dependent than are sensitive organisms on
      host characteristics.

PMID- 6376656
TI  - Response of infants to Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide and
      diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines in combination.
AB  - In a multicenter study, responses to a combined vaccine containing standard
      diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) and polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP), the
      capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b, were evaluated in 107
      infants who received single doses at two, four, and six months of age and
      compared with those in 61 infants given single doses of DTP alone on the same
      schedule. Reaction rates were comparable in the two treatment groups. At seven
      months of age 61% of the subjects given the combined DTP-PRP vaccine and 8% and
      of those given DTP alone showed an antibody response to PRP, as defined as a
      twofold increase in titer over the lowest previous level. Among those given the
      DTP-PRP combined vaccine, 92% of the positive antibody responses occurred after
      the third dose. There was a variation in antibody response, possibly due to a
      difference in the vaccine lots administered.

PMID- 6376657
TI  - Interaction of plasma proteins and lipoproteins with amphotericin B.
AB  - Amphotericin B (AmB) binds to the cholesterol in lipoproteins, as determined by
      comigration in density gradient ultracentrifugation and changes in the circular
      dichroic spectrum. The saturation curve and Scatchard plots obtained with
      circular dichroism suggest that four to 10 cholesterol molecules in low-density
      lipoproteins bind to one molecule of AmB. AmB interacts more rapidly with low-
      and very-low-density lipoproteins than with high-density lipoproteins, but the
      circular dichroic spectrum of the complexed species is the same in all three
      cases. AmB also binds to other proteins in blood, but much higher concentrations
      of these proteins than of lipoproteins are needed for comparable binding.
      Interaction with lipoproteins stabilizes the antifungal activity of AmB.
      Interaction with lipoproteins and with much higher concentrations of other
      proteins in blood can also inhibit the effects of AmB on red blood cells, which
      contain cholesterol in their plasma membranes, but not the effects on Candida
      albicans, whose membranes contain ergosterol. An appropriate inference is that,
      when used clinically, AmB circulates in blood bound to lipoproteins and other
      proteins. The toxic and therapeutic effects of AmB in clinical situations are
      thus contingent on competitive interactions between sterol-containing cellular
      membranes of the host and the parasite and components of blood, such as
      lipoproteins and proteins.

PMID- 6376659
TI  - Appraisal of two serologic tests in diagnosis of the various clinical types of
      amoebiasis.

PMID- 6376658
TI  - Malaria in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

PMID- 6376660
TI  - Thyroid hormones in ascitic fluid of patients with hepatosplenic bilharziasis.

PMID- 6376661
TI  - The response of C-peptides and insulin to intravenous glucose load in bilharzial
      hepatic fibrosis.

PMID- 6376662
TI  - [Development and differentiation of neural crest nerve cells].

PMID- 6376663
TI  - [Effect of nicotine on uterine blood flow and antagonistic effect of
      prostaglandin I2 derivative (OP-41483) in pregnant ewes].
AB  - In order to elucidate the mechanism of the detrimental effect of smoking on
      uteroplacental circulation in pregnant women, and to confirm the protective
      effect of PGI2 derivative (OP-41483) against the effect, hemodynamic responses to
      various doses of nicotine infusion (0.25-1.0 mg/min) were measured before and
      during the OP-41483 infusion in chronically instrumented pregnant ewes. Moreover,
      the isometric tension responses of spiral strips of sow uterine arteries to the
      nicotine and norepinephrine perfusion were also measured using an in vitro
      technique. The results were as follows: Maternal mean arterial blood pressure
      (MAP) and the cardiac output were increased by the intravenous infusion of
      various doses of nicotine; however the uterine blood flow (UBF) decreased
      consistently in a dose-dependent fashion, and it decreased 20.4% from the control
      level following the infusion of 1.0 mg/min nicotine, suggesting a detrimental
      effect on the fetus. During the infusion of OP-41483 (25 micrograms/min),
      nicotine induced MAP increases were suppressed at all test doses and the decrease
      in UBF was lessened by 22% of control delta UBF on doses of 1.0 mg/min nicotine.
      In the muscle chamber, the tension increase in uterine artery strips of
      nonpregnant sows to various nicotine concentrations (10(-7)-10(-4) M) were
      suppressed by the preliminary treatment with phentolamine (0.1 mg/min), and the
      responses to norepinephrine were also suppressed by the preliminary treatment
      with a low concentration of nicotine (10(-6) M) in the buffer bath.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6376664
TI  - [Amenorrhea due to weight loss].
AB  - The cessation of the normal menstrual cycle caused by rapid loss of weight was
      defined as amenorrhea due to weight loss. All patients developed secondary
      amenorrhea and 80% of 243 patients were young, unmarried women. More than half of
      the patients had consciously restricted food intake for cosmetic reasons. LH-RH
      test revealed that, at onset, the basal levels of LH were low and the LH
      responses were impaired. The basal and the stimulated levels of FSH were
      comparable to normal. As the amenorrhea improved, the basal and the stimulated
      levels of LH rose to the normal range while the FSH responses became greater than
      normal. There was no significant difference between the rate of weight loss and
      the responsiveness to LH-RH. The rate of induction of ovulation with clomiphene
      was 95% of 40 patients with 1st grade amenorrhea, while only 3.9% of 54 patients
      with 2nd grade amenorrhea ovulated following treatment clomiphene. 80 percent of
      19 patients with 2nd grade amenorrhea ovulated following gonadotropin therapy.
      Within a year after LH-RH stimulation therapy, a resumption of the normal
      ovulatory cycle or a return to 1st grade amenorrhea was observed in 60%.

PMID- 6376665
TI  - [Diagnostic significance of LH-RH two step test in women with normoestrogenic
      amenorrhea: analysis of the self-priming effect of the anterior pituitary
      glands].
AB  - To investigate the self-priming effect of gonadotropin on the anterior pituitary
      glands, the response of serum gonadotropins to the "LH-RH two step test" (two
      step administration of 100 micrograms of synthetic LH-RH at a 60 minute interval)
      was studied in 20 women with normoestrogenic amenorrhea who were responsive to
      the progesterone test. The patients were divided into two groups according to the
      results of the clomiphene test. Blood samples were collected before LH-RH
      stimulation and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 minutes after the first stimulation,
      respectively. The P1P2 ratio (2nd peak level/1st peak level) and delta 1 delta 2
      ratio (delta 2/delta 1 = 2nd peak level-60 min. level/1st peak level-0 min.
      level) of LH and FSH in the clomiphene-positive group were significantly higher
      than those in the clomiphene-negative group. These ratios are regarded as the
      degree of the self-priming effect, and at least partially reflect the capacity
      for the synthesis of pituitary gonadotropins. The results demonstrate that the
      self-priming effect is more restored in the clomiphene-positive group than in the
      clomiphene-negative group, and the data also indicate that the analysis of the
      self-priming effect with the "LH-RH two step test" is useful in developing new
      diagnostic criteria on ovarian dysfunction.

PMID- 6376666
TI  - [Study on the new development of highly sensitive E2-EIA used by two specific
      binding systems and on the clinical application].
AB  - As a tracer, biotin was bound to the amino group of newly synthesized 6
      ethylenediamino-17-beta-estradiol. Two competitive methods were developed by
      using the tracer (E2-B). Method I, E2-B, sample, and anti E2 antibody conjugated
      with horse radish peroxidase were mixed, and the mixture was added to the avidin
      immobilized on a microplate to separate free and bound tracer. Then the enzyme
      activity which remained after washing was measured by using H2O2 and o
      phenylenediamine. E2 was quantified from 75 pg/ml to 9.6 ng/ml; (II) E2-B and the
      samples were added to the anti E2 adsorbed on a microplate. After washing, the
      avidin conjugated with HRP was put into the immune complex plate, and the enzyme
      activity which remained was determined to calculate E2. The standard curve
      indicated E2 from 75 pg/ml to 19.2 ng/ml. The E2 values obtained by the new
      methods correlated with those by 3H-RIA and the EIA was useful in monitoring the
      induction of ovulation.

PMID- 6376668
TI  - Percutaneous drainage of renal abscess.

PMID- 6376667
TI  - [An autopsy case of the first occurrence of tsutsugamushi disease in Gifu
      Prefecture--with special reference to complication with disseminated
      intravascular coagulation].

PMID- 6376669
TI  - In vitro effect of captopril and three captopril metabolites on neutrophilic
      progenitor cells from normal mice and mice given busulfan.
AB  - Neutrophilic progenitor cells (CFU-NM) in mice with busulfan-induced latent bone
      marrow hypoplasia have been shown to be selectively suppressed by captopril in
      vivo. To study this further, marrow from mice given busulfan was used to test for
      myelotoxicity in vitro. It was found that myelotoxic agents, such as doxorubicin,
      cytarabine, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, and chloramphenicol have the
      same suppressive effect in vitro on CFU-NM obtained from normal marrow as
      obtained from marrow of mice given busulfan. Our results suggest that in vitro,
      the CFU-NMs from mice given busulfan are not excessively sensitive to the action
      of at least these myelotoxic agents. It was also found that neither captopril nor
      three known captopril metabolites suppress CFU-NM from mice given busulfan. This
      result suggests either that the myelotoxicity induced in vivo by captopril is not
      caused by the parent compound or any of the three metabolites tested, or more
      likely, that the suppressive action of captopril on CFU-NM in vivo is caused by
      the suppression of an earlier myeloid progenitor cell.

PMID- 6376670
TI  - Persistence of an antigen recognized by Crohn's disease sera during in vivo
      passage of a Crohn's disease-induced lymphoma in athymic nude mice.
AB  - Previous studies from this laboratory have shown that lymphoma and lymph node
      hyperplasia develop in athymic nude mice injected with Crohn's disease tissue
      filtrates. In addition, use of an indirect immunofluorescence assay has
      demonstrated that an antigen(s) in these lymphoid tissues is recognized by sera
      from patients with Crohn's disease. In our study, one such lymphoma was passed
      through 10 generations of athymic nude mice and used for immunofluorescence
      studies. Suspended cells (1 to 5 X 10(8)/mouse) from the primary lymphoma and
      from the lymphomas that developed in mice of each subsequent generation were
      injected subcutaneously into groups of three to eight mice. As a control,
      lymphoma induced in a nude mouse by the injection of sarcoid lymph node filtrate
      was passed through successive generations in the same manner as the Crohn's
      disease-induced lymphoma. Lymphoma developed locally in 81% of recipient mice 3
      to 6 weeks after injection of suspended cells. In 47 mice, representing 10
      generations, Crohn's disease-related lymphoma developed at the sites of injection
      and at axillary or inguinal lymph nodes. These tumors were examined by
      immunofluorescence assay using a panel of 20 sera coded for Crohn's disease or
      control. Immunofluorescence assay yielded positive results in 61% of the
      lymphomas and 59% of the lymph node with sera from patients with Crohn's disease,
      but not with control sera. Control lymphomas did not stain with any serum. Our
      studies demonstrate the transmissibility or inducibility of an antigen(s) in
      lymphoid tissue of athymic nude mice that is recognized by sera from patients
      with Crohn's disease, but not by control sera.

PMID- 6376671
TI  - Impaired motility of neonatal PMN leukocytes: relationship to abnormalities of
      cell orientation and assembly of microtubules in chemotactic gradients.
AB  - To allow a further understanding of the pathogenesis of impaired stimulated
      locomotion by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in human neonates, we studied
      cellular orientation by neonatal PMNs in response to well-defined chemotactic
      gradients (Zigmond orientation chambers) and characterized the cytoplasmic
      microtubule (MT) complex of neonatal PMNs during cell orientation and movement.
      PMN suspensions obtained from 52 neonates demonstrated a diminished capacity to
      undergo orientation at all time intervals after exposure to gradients of N-formyl
      methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine (f-Met-Leu-Phe) or C5a. Among responding
      (orienting) neonatal PMNs observed, only 70% (f-Met-Leu-Phe) or 59% (C5a)
      oriented accurately (toward chemotactic gradients) as compared to values of 96%
      (f-Met-Leu-Phe) or 92% (C5a) for adult controls. Furthermore, neonatal PMNs
      failed to alter their direction of orientation/migration when chemotactic
      gradients were reversed. Similar abnormalities were observed when 10-fold
      gradients of f-Met-Leu-Phe were employed over a concentration range between 10(
      7) and 10(-11) M. Employing tubulin immunofluorescence, the cytoplasmic MT
      complex of-neonatal PMNs was assessed prior to and after cell exposure to uniform
      concentrations or gradients of chemotactic factors (CFs). MT assembly by neonatal
      PMNs studied under these experimental conditions was significantly diminished.
      Neonatal cell suspensions demonstrated 26 +/- 5 (f-Met-Leu-Phe) or 27 +/- 6 (C5a)
      MT/cell as compared to respective values of 36 +/- 6 or 35 +/- 5 for adult
      suspensions (P less than .001). MT lengths of neonatal PMNs increased from 6.7 +/
      1 micron (PBS) to 7.5 +/- 1 micron (f-Met-Leu-Phe) or 7.3 +/- 1 micron (C5a) as
      compared to values of 6.5 +/- 1 micron (PBS), 11.1 +/- 1 micron (f-Met-Leu-Phe),
      and 10.9 +/- 1 micron (C5a) for adult PMNs exposed to gradients or uniform
      concentrations of CFs (P less than .01 for both f-Met-Leu-Phe and C5a). Thus, the
      polymerized tubulin mass product of chemotactically stimulated neonatal PMNs (202
      micron) was significantly (P less than .001) diminished as compared to adult PMNs
      (360 micron). As shown by a [3H]colchicine binding assay, impaired MT assembly
      could not be attributed to diminished cytoplasmic tubulin content of neonatal
      PMNs, which was comparable to adult PMNs.

PMID- 6376672
TI  - Lipoprotein lipase-like activity in the liver of mice with Sarcoma 180.
AB  - The triglyceride lipase (TGL) activity of liver homogenates of mice with Sarcoma
      180 was measured. The liver homogenate of normal or tumor-bearing mice was
      treated with 0.25% Triton X-100 and centrifuged at 100,000 g for 60 min, and the
      supernatant was applied to a heparin-Sepharose column. In normal mice, most of
      the TGL activities in the supernatant was eluted with 0.75 M NaCl from the
      column. In mice with Sarcoma 180, the TGL gave two peaks on heparin-Sepharose
      column chromatography, which were eluted with 0.75 M and 1.5 M NaCl,
      respectively. The activity in the first peak (0.75 M NaCl eluate) decreased; that
      in the second peak (1.5 M NaCl eluate) increased, and the ratio of the second
      peak to the first peak increased during tumor development. The livers of normal
      mice and mice on day 10 after tumor inoculation were perfused with heparin. The
      highest rate of the TGL release occurred within 1 min of heparin perfusion, and
      the bulk of heparin-releasable activity appeared within 2 min of perfusion in
      both normal and tumor-bearing mice. The TGL activity in liver perfusate of tumor
      bearing mice, as well as that of liver homogenate, was resolved on a heparin
      Sepharose column into two peaks, which were eluted with 0.75 M and 1.5 M NaCl,
      and most of the activity was eluted with 1.5 M NaCl. The nature of the TGL
      activity eluted from a heparin-Sepharose column was investigated. In both liver
      homogenates and liver perfusates, the first peak did not require serum for
      maximal activity and was relatively resistant to a high concentration of NaCl or
      protamine sulfate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6376673
TI  - Greek physician finds America "a promised land".

PMID- 6376674
TI  - The design of a computer-assisted education system using a CT scanner computer.
AB  - The minicomputer that is part of a commercial CT scanner has been used to develop
      a general purpose computer-assisted education system. This allows instruction in
      radiology using the CT computer already installed in the radiology department.
      The computer software was designed as a course interpreter, allowing the courses
      themselves to be written in English. Images and educational text are stored on
      separate disk files and displayed by the interpreter.

PMID- 6376675
TI  - Computer-assisted instruction and diagnosis of radiographic findings.
AB  - Recent advances in computer technology, including high bit-density storage,
      digital imaging, and the ability to interface microprocessors with videodisk,
      create enormous opportunities in the field of medical education. This program,
      utilizing a personal computer, videodisk, BASIC language, a linked textfile
      system, and a triangulation approach to the interpretation of radiographs
      developed by Dr. W. L. Thompson, can enable the user to engage in a user
      friendly, dynamic teaching program in radiology, applicable to various levels of
      expertise. Advantages include a relatively more compact and inexpensive system
      with rapid access and ease of revision which requires little instruction to the
      user.

PMID- 6376676
TI  - Implementation of a computer-based test generator to evaluate health professions
      continuing education.
AB  - A variety of artificial-intelligence-based expert medical systems have been
      adapted to evaluate a learner's performance in the information areas in which the
      systems are expert. This paper describes a similar adaptation of a computer-based
      health sciences tutor (called the COMMES system). The Evaluation Consultant
      system to be described adapts the COMMES system to become a test generator. This
      computer-based consultant generates tests entirely on its own, covering programs
      of study that the COMMES system previously constructed to satisfy a user's
      identified needs. A health professional is awarded continuing education credits
      after (1) finishing a study unit constructed by COMMES and (2) completing
      successfully a test created by the Evaluation Consultant. This system is being
      implemented in several test sites and has significant advantages for the support
      of continuing education, especially in rural or isolated areas.

PMID- 6376677
TI  - An expert system for the evaluation of liver functional assessment.
AB  - The paper describes an expert system for the assessment of the liver function.
      Since the system must act as an intelligent assistant for a general physician, a
      major emphasis has been laid upon its interactive capabilities. In particular,
      the user can ask the system how a given conclusion has been reached (explanation
      facilities) and can alter the normal operation flow. In the design of the system,
      the different significance and availability of the clinical data and the
      laboratory tests have been taken into account: The investigations about a given
      patient start from the clinical data, and only when there is some evidence of
      hepatopathy are the results of some laboratory tests requested. The final result
      of the investigations consists of the assessment of the liver function in terms
      of four aspects (biosynthesis, cholestasis, cytolysis, reactivity), each of which
      is assigned a linguistic value describing its impairment degree. The techniques
      adopted in the system are based on Artificial Intelligence methodologies
      augmented with linguistic terms handled according to the fuzzy set theory.

PMID- 6376678
TI  - The Dale Medallist 1983: Lelio Orci.

PMID- 6376679
TI  - Patterns of cellular and subcellular organization in the endocrine pancreas. The
      Sir Henry Dale lecture for 1983.

PMID- 6376680
TI  - Serotonergic innervation and modulation of the stomatogastric ganglion of three
      decapod crustaceans (Panulirus interruptus, Homarus americanus and Cancer
      irroratus).
AB  - The serotonergic innervation of the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) of three
      decapod crustacean species, Panulirus interruptus, Homarus americanus and Cancer
      irroratus, was studied. Immunohistochemical techniques were used to study the
      distribution of serotonin-like staining in regions of the stomatogastric system
      in the three species. In C. irroratus and H. americanus, but not in P.
      interruptus, serotonin-like staining was found in fibres in the stomatogastric
      nerve and in neuropil regions of the STG. High performance liquid chromatography
      confirmed the presence of serotonin in STG of C. irroratus and H. americanus, but
      serotonin was not found in STG of P. interruptus. Electrophysiological
      experiments showed that the pyloric motor output of the STG of all three species
      was influenced by bath applications of serotonin. The STG of P. interruptus
      responded to serotonin concentrations as low as 10-9M; however the STG of the
      other two species did not respond until serotonin concentrations in excess of 10
      6M were applied. We conclude that serotonin may play a hormonal role in the
      control of the STG of P. interruptus, but is likely to be a neurotransmitter
      released by inputs to the STG of H. americanus and C. irroratus.

PMID- 6376681
TI  - Proliferation of peritoneal mast cells in the skin of W/Wv mice that genetically
      lack mast cells.
AB  - Presence of mast cell precursors in the mouse peritoneal cavity was demonstrated,
      and the precursors were characterized. When a cell suspension, containing mast
      cell precursor(s), was directly injected into the skin of genetically mast cell
      deficient WBB6F1 (WB X C57BL/6)-W/Wv mice, a cluster composed of approximately
      2,000 mast cells appeared at the injection site. By determining the proportion of
      injection sites at which the mast cell cluster appeared, the concentration of
      mast cell precursors can be calculated by limiting dilution analysis. The
      concentration in the peritoneal cavity was about five times as great as the
      concentration in the bone marrow. Although peritoneal mast cell precursors were
      shown to originate from the bone marrow, physical characterization revealed that
      the peritoneal precursors differed from the marrow precursors. The peritoneal
      precursors were less susceptible to irradiation than the marrow precursors; the
      former were heavier than the latter. When a 95% pure mast cell suspension was
      prepared from the peritoneal cells by the removal of phagocytes and the density
      gradient centrifugation, 1 out of 16 cells had the potentiality to make a mast
      cell cluster in the skin of the W/Wv mice. Moreover, when a single mast cell was
      identified under the phase contrast microscope and picked up with the
      micromanipulator, 1 out of 17 mast cells made the cluster. This indicated that
      some peritoneal mast cells kept extensive proliferative potentiality even after
      morphological differentiation. In other words, some peritoneal mast cells
      themselves may function as the committed precursors.

PMID- 6376682
TI  - Enhancement of glomerular immune complex deposition by a circulating polycation.
AB  - It is known that polycations bind to and neutralize glomerular polyanions. Here
      we examine the effect of the polycation polyethyleneimine (PEI) on glomerular
      deposition of preformed immune complexes. Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-anti-BSA
      immune complexes made in 40 times antigen excess were administered following
      intravenous injection of PEI. Glomerular localization of immune deposits was
      assessed by quantitative immunofluorescence and electron microscopy and compared
      to controls receiving diluent without PEI followed by the same dose in immune
      complexes. In rats receiving PEI, deposits were localized within the glomerular
      basement membrane (GBM) of all peripheral capillary walls and in the mesangium.
      In controls, deposits localized exclusively within the mesangium in smaller
      amounts than after PEI. Thus, neutralization of glomerular polyanion by a
      circulating polycation enhances the deposition and alters the distribution of
      immune complexes in glomeruli.

PMID- 6376683
TI  - Localization of a molecule immunochemically similar to eosinophil major basic
      protein in human placenta.
AB  - We have recently reported that human pregnancy is characterized by a 10- to 20
      fold elevation of eosinophil major basic protein (MBP) immunoreactivity in
      maternal blood. Here we show, by immunofluorescence, that placental tissue
      specifically binds antibody to MBP in and around the placental X cells and
      placental-site giant cells and, using thin plastic sections, that placenta has no
      infiltrating eosinophils. The X cells line the inner aspects of placental septal
      cysts, and the cyst fluid, obtained by aspiration, contains immunoreactive MBP at
      concentrations of 100 micrograms/ml, a sixfold greater concentration than the
      highest levels measured in maternal blood. The soluble MBP immunoreactivities in
      placental homogenates and in maternal serum chromatograph identically on Sephadex
      G-50, and both these gestational MBP molecules migrate as though substantially
      larger than the MBP found in serum from patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome
      or purified from the eosinophil granule. Our inability to demonstrate eosinophils
      in maternal blood or placental tissue, coupled with the large quantities of
      immunoreactive MBP highly localized in placental cysts and the chromatographic
      behavior of this molecule, suggest that the MBP detected in human gestation is
      produced by placenta.

PMID- 6376685
TI  - Infantile colic.
AB  - Infantile colic must be differentiated from other causes of recurrent
      irritability in infants. Several causes of colic have been described, including
      family stress, aerophagia (air swallowing), and the ingestion of iron supplements
      and cow's milk. Recent studies suggest that the elimination of cow's milk, and in
      some cases soy milk, from infants' diets when they are bottle fed or the
      elimination of cow's milk from mothers' diets if infants are breast fed decreases
      colic. Medications are of doubtful value in the treatment of this entity.

PMID- 6376684
TI  - Expression of H-2Db on the cell surface in the absence of detectable beta 2
      microglobulin.
AB  - In this report we describe a variant of the C57BL/6 T lymphoma EL4 (EL4/Mar)
      which, in contrast to the parental cell line, expresses neither H-2Kb nor beta2
      microglobulin (beta2m) but which does express H-2Db detectable by serology and by
      alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). This observation raises the
      possibility that H-2Db and perhaps other major histocompatibility complex class I
      molecules are normally not associated with beta2m on the cell surface. In
      addition, this report is the first to indicated that alloreactive CTL can
      interact with a beta2m-free class I antigen.

PMID- 6376686
TI  - Urinary tract infection with sepsis.

PMID- 6376687
TI  - An introduction to computer technology.

PMID- 6376688
TI  - Medical applications of computers: an overview.

PMID- 6376689
TI  - Educational applications of computers in medical education.

PMID- 6376690
TI  - Microcomputers in faculty development: the Florida FAC-NET Project.

PMID- 6376691
TI  - Immunocytochemistry of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in brains of
      bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) during spontaneous metamorphosis.
AB  - The distribution of immunoreactive luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (ir-LH
      RH) in brains of bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) during spontaneous metamorphosis
      has been studied by combination of an unlabeled antibody enzyme
      immunocytochemical technique and an adjacent serial section approach. In
      prometamorphic tadpoles, immunocytochemical staining for ir-LH-RH was absent from
      the brain, including a structurally simple median eminence (ME) and perikarya in
      the anterior preoptic area (aPOA). In metamorphic tadpoles, speckled patches of
      immunostaining occurred over the outer layer of a modestly developed ME;
      coincident faint staining of a small number of medial, unpaired cell bodies was
      localized in the aPOA. In newly metamorphosed juvenile frogs, more diffuse and
      intense staining of the outer layer of the ME accompanied increased morphological
      differentiation of this neurohemal area; immunoreactive perikarya again were
      found in the aPOA, but an increased number of neurons exhibited comparatively
      greater (moderate) immunostaining. Changes in the quality of immunostaining and
      in the numbers of cells stained, therefore, were coincident with metamorphic
      development. Concomitant alterations of ir-LH-RH immunostaining and progressive
      structural development of the ME suggest a coordinated differentiation of brain
      neuroendocrine systems during metamorphosis of the bullfrog tadpole.

PMID- 6376692
TI  - Effects of insulin on the fine structure of hepatocytes from winter-acclimatized
      carps: studies on protein synthesis.
AB  - Male and female winter-acclimatized carps were injected with insulin. This
      treatment resulted in a sharp decrease in the liver glycogen content. Although an
      increase in the ribosomal RNA level was also observed, a cell-free system
      obtained from the hormone-treated fish exhibited less amino acid incorporation
      activity as compared to the control fish. However, polysomes from insulin-treated
      fish exhibited a higher amino acid incorporating activity when a soluble fraction
      of untreated winter carps was used. Insulin induced a profound change in the
      cytoarchitecture of the winter carp hepatocyte. The cytoplasm and nuclei showed
      all the features of the summer carp liver cell. The nucleolar components were
      totally intermingled suggesting a high rate of gene expression as in the case of
      the summer-acclimatized fish.

PMID- 6376693
TI  - The use of cell surface antigens to characterize and select for fragments of
      human chromosomes retained by interspecies hybrids.
AB  - We have used a mouse cell transformant generated by human chromosome-mediated
      gene transfer (CMGT) to explore the use of cell surface antigens in the
      identification of fragments of human chromosomes retained by somatic cell
      hybrids. The transformed line, 21-30b, contained an intact rear-ranged human
      chromosome, and could be shown by isozyme analysis to contain genetic material
      from chromosomes 9 and X. By using the transformant as an immunogen in mice, it
      was also possible to produce antiserum to human-specific surface antigens. Using
      genetically characterized human X rodent hybrid lines, the genes controlling
      expression of these antigens could be localized to 11per----11p13, segregating
      concordantly with surface antigen S3. These conclusions were possible despite the
      fact that the presence of chromosome 11 in the transformant was not detectable by
      the presence of chromosome specific isozyme LDH-A or surface antigens W6/34 and
      4F2. Finally, the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) was used to
      fractionate the transformant cells into antigen positive and negative
      subpopulations. This resulted in the isolation and characterization of four
      additional chromosome rearrangements involving interspecies chromosome
      translocations. This work demonstrates the value of chromosome-specific surface
      antigens and the FACS in the evaluation of human chromosome fragments retained by
      interspecies hybrids.

PMID- 6376694
TI  - The structure of the chorion and associated surface filaments in Oryzias-
      evidence for the presence of extracellular tubules.
AB  - The structure of the chorion with its associated surface filaments has been
      examined in Oryzias latipes using several techniques, including scanning and
      transmission electron microscopy, enzymatic digestion, and sodium dodecylsulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The chorion of the recently fertilized egg
      was found to be organized into three zones: an outer, fuzzy electron-lucent zone
      that was continuous over the surface of filaments, a middle, homogeneous electron
      dense zone, and an inner zone of ten to 12 horizontal, fibrous lamellae. Two
      topographically distinct types of filaments were found on the chorionic surface:
      nonattaching and attaching. Nonattaching filaments showed a regular spatial
      distribution over the chorion with an interfilament distance of about 60-70
      microns. Attaching filaments originated from a localized portion of the chorion
      and united with those of neighboring eggs to anchor the egg cluster to the
      gonoduct of the female. Both nonattaching and attaching filaments were
      morphologically regionalized into basal and distal segments. Internally,
      nonattaching and attaching filaments were constructed of unbranched, packed
      tubules with an average outside diameter of approximately 19.5 and 18.8 nm,
      respectively. Using the attaching filament for further study, it was determined
      by rotational analysis (Markham et al., '63) that the wall of each tubule was a
      cylinder composed of 14 globular subunits. Two structural types of attaching
      filaments were identified. The type I attaching filament was similar in internal
      organization to the nonattaching filament and consisted of only tubules. The type
      II attaching filament, however, showed a highly osmiophilic, electron-dense bar
      surrounded by packed tubules. Tubules of attaching filaments of the adult were
      resistant to the action of Triton X-100 and colchicine, but sensitive to a 0.1%
      protease solution. However, colchicine-treated ovary tissue showed an absence and
      pattern of disorganization of tubules at the periphery of developing filaments.
      Solubilized attaching filament samples electrophoresed on 7.5% polyacrylamide-SDS
      gels were resolved into a pair of Coomassie-blue-positive bands that comigrated
      with purified porcine brain tubulin. The apparent molecular weight of the
      attaching filament polypeptide was determined to be approximately 55,000 daltons.
      These data suggest that the extracellular, tubular components of attaching
      filaments (as well as nonattaching filaments) are proteinaceous and show
      properties similar to those of cytoplasmic microtubules. Tubular precursor
      material was electron-dense and appeared to originate in the cisternae of the
      rough endoplasmic reticulum of ovarian foll

PMID- 6376695
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation. Current limitations and future utilization.

PMID- 6376696
TI  - Therapeutic applications of allogeneic BMT: aplastic anemia and the leukemias.

PMID- 6376697
TI  - Cancer treatment using autologous bone marrow infusions.

PMID- 6376698
TI  - Mutants of Escherichia coli with altered hydrogenase activity.
AB  - Mutant strains of Escherichia coli which expressed different levels of
      hydrogenase activity when grown anaerobically under a variety of conditions were
      obtained by mutagenesis and selective growth and screening procedures. Four
      classes of mutants were isolated, ranging from those devoid of enzyme activity to
      those expressing maximal activity under all growth conditions. One class of
      mutants (A) could not grow on fumarate plus H2 in the presence of active fumarate
      reductase. Since hydrogenase is essential for growth under these conditions some
      of these strains may be hydrogenase-negative. Three other classes of mutants were
      isolated which were all hydrogenase-positive and fully expressed this activity
      when grown on fumarate plus H2. They differed in the level of expression of
      hydrogenase activity when grown anaerobically on glucose, conditions which do not
      require hydrogenase for growth. Class B mutants expressed less activity, while
      class C mutants expressed more activity than the parental strain. Class D mutants
      fully expressed hydrogenase activity and were dependent on the enzyme for growth.
      The different strains were also assayed for reduction of dyes by hydrogen and for
      evolution of hydrogen from reduced methyl viologen. Some of the hydrogenase
      positive strains showed altered activities in these assays suggesting that
      mutations may have occurred either in enzymes or proteins required for reaction
      with dyes or in the hydrogenase enzyme itself.

PMID- 6376699
TI  - The follicular distribution and abundance of resident bacteria on human skin.
AB  - A cryostat sectioning procedure was used to determine quantitative viable counts
      of microorganisms both on the surface and in successive layers of human cadaver
      skin biopsies. Also, using a previously described xenograft model, we
      investigated the dependence of microorganisms on the presence of sebaceous glands
      by using full thickness (1.5-2.0 mm) and split thickness (0.6 mm, ensuring
      sebaceous gland exclusion) human skin. Our results show substantial variation in
      the distribution and abundance of skin bacteria, even amongst biopsies from the
      same cadaver. In general, propionibacteria were distributed within a narrow band
      at varying depths beneath the skin surface whereas staphylococci were more
      broadly distributed. The importance of this with respect to topically applied
      antiseptics and antimicrobial agents is indicated. The xenograft studies
      demonstrated that propionibacteria were dependent on the presence of sebaceous
      glands whereas staphylococci were not.

PMID- 6376700
TI  - A model for the common control of enzymes of ethanolamine catabolism in
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - By varying the composition of the growth medium and the genotype of the bacterial
      strain, five isoenzymes of CoA-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase could be detected
      in Escherichia coli. Two isoenzymes (A, mol. wt 520 000; and B, mol. wt 370 000)
      were produced only in the presence of ethanolamine and vitamin (or coenzyme) B12
      ('inducible isoenzymes'), whereas the other three isoenzymes (C, mol. wt 900
      0000; D, mol. wt 120 000; and E, mol. wt 720 000) were produced only in the
      absence of ethanolamine and vitamin B12 ('repressible isoenzymes'). Partial
      purification and characterization of these isoenzymes revealed strong
      similarities, with respect to pH optima and substrate affinities, between
      isoenzymes within either of the two classes, but significant differences between
      the two classes. Mutant studies demonstrated that the relationships between the
      isoenzymes and between CoA-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase and ethanolamine
      ammonia-lyase are both structural and regulatory in nature, and a two-operon
      model is proposed to account for the common control of the enzymes of
      ethanolamine catabolism in E. coli.

PMID- 6376701
TI  - Surface antigens of intact Aspergillus fumigatus mycelium: their localization
      using radiolabelled protein A as marker.
AB  - Isotopically-labelled Protein A from Staphylococcus aureus was used as a marker
      to quantify binding of IgG molecules to surface antigens of Aspergillus fumigatus
      mycelium. The IgG class antibodies were obtained from rabbits inoculated with
      mycelial fractions and from patients suffering from aspergillosis and aspergillus
      related diseases. The highest incorporation of label was obtained with an
      antiserum from rabbits inoculated with A. fumigatus wall material. Antibodies
      raised to other antigenic fractions of A. fumigatus and antibodies from patients
      infected with aspergillus gave lower levels of incorporation of Protein A. In
      competitive binding experiments, pre-incubation of antibodies with partially
      purified aspergillus antigens depressed subsequent binding to the mycelial
      surface by 20-30% of that of the control values. Low molecular weight
      disaccharides and oligosaccharides were without effect in this system.
      Preincubation of A. fumigatus with lectins having specificities for defined sugar
      residues did not reduce subsequent antigen/antibody interaction. Treatment of the
      mycelial surface with certain proteolytic or polysaccharolytic enzymes led to a
      decrease in antibody binding, while pretreatment of A. fumigatus with the
      hydrolytic enzyme mixture of Trichoderma harzianum culture filtrate gave
      increased antibody binding. Aspergillus species showed different susceptibilities
      to enzyme action and their surface structures could be differentiated from A.
      fumigatus on this basis. These differences were not obvious in direct binding
      experiments where antibodies raised to A. fumigatus wall bound with equal
      facility to antigenic sites located on the walls of other Aspergillus species.

PMID- 6376702
TI  - Preparative isoelectric focusing of immunologically reactive components of
      Aspergillus fumigatus mycelium.
AB  - A water-soluble mycelial extract of Aspergillus fumigatus has been fractionated
      by preparative isoelectric focusing using carrier ampholytes in a layer of
      granulated gel. The separated components were located by staining paper prints
      from the gel. Within a narrow pH range of 2.5 units, multiple protein bands were
      visualized with Coomassie Brilliant Blue G. Periodate-Schiff-positive material
      was generally associated with the major protein zones. When these fractions were
      eluted the total recovery, calculated on the basis of protein and carbohydrate
      analyses of the isolated fractions, varied between 20 and 60% of the applied
      material. Low recoveries were associated with low recoveries of protein;
      recoveries of carbohydrate were higher and less variable. The immunological
      activity and specificity of the eluted fractions were assessed in an enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of IgG antibodies to A. fumigatus.

PMID- 6376703
TI  - Demonstration of the common antigens of Clostridium botulinum, C. sporogenes and
      C. novyi by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and electroblot transfer.
AB  - EDTA extracts were prepared from whole cells of 16 strains of Clostridium
      botulinum (types A-E), 6 strains of C. novyi (types A-D) and 3 strains of C.
      sporogenes. They were reacted in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
      with antisera raised against whole, UV-killed cells of C. sporogenes and C. novyi
      type A. Results showed significant cross-reactions between C. sporogenes
      antiserum and the C. botulinum type A (three out of four strains), proteolytic
      type B (all strains) and one type E strain, and between C. novyi type A antiserum
      and C. botulinum types C and D. All the C. sporogenes and C. novyi strains
      reacted with their homologous antiserum; these two species showed no cross
      reactions. All the reactions were investigated further by running the EDTA
      extracts on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. The separated molecules were
      electrophoretically transferred to nitrocellulose membranes, reacted with
      antiserum and complexes visualized with horseradish peroxidase conjugate
      reagents. Only those extracts that reacted significantly in the ELISA gave a
      pattern of cross-reactive antigen bands and the number of bands and intensity of
      stain closely paralleled the strength of the ELISA reaction.

PMID- 6376704
TI  - [Prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis of malformation uropathies: 13 cases].
AB  - The systematic prenatal diagnosis of 5 cases of urinary tract malformations out
      of 2 500 pregnancies in 1982 in a special care maternity, or 2 per 1 000 is
      compared with the discovery of 10 cases in 28 months in 17 960 foetuses, or 0.55
      per 1 000 whereas the overall frequency varies from 0.3 to 5.25 per 1 000 in
      infants. We studied 13 children whose prenatal abnormalities were 2 unilateral
      ureterohydronephrosis and 7 bilateral dilatations associated to 2 ureteroceles, 1
      multicystic dysplasia and 1 ureteral duplicity. All of these except two were
      confirmed at birth. The exceptions consisted in one unilateral dilatation and one
      bilateral ureterohydronephrosis which turned out to be dysplastic kidneys unknown
      during pregnancy. Three ureteral duplicities were also ignored. The results are
      the following: Three cases were severe: one therapeutic abortion after 27 weeks,
      one intra-uterine decompression followed after few days by a preterm delivery and
      neonatal death and one provocated preterm delivery (36 weeks). All the others
      underwent decompression during the first hours of their life. Five cases can be
      considered unsuccessful: 2 abortions, the death of a 22 days old infant with an
      unilateral multicystic dysplasia and 2 bilateral malformations with renal
      failure, one of which was associated to an unilateral dysplastic kidney.
      Reliability of sonography as well as its interest in prognosis and prenatal
      evaluation of renal function are demonstrated.

PMID- 6376706
TI  - Aspergillosis of the orbit.

PMID- 6376705
TI  - Altered hemolysis in single radial hemolysis from a single serum sample as an
      indicator of recent primary rubella virus infection.
AB  - The quality of hemolysis in the single radial hemolysis (SRH) test was observed
      to be altered in a small proportion (5.7%) of sera (N = 9628) studied for rubella
      rubella antibodies. Three different types of altered hemolysis were identified.
      Two of these types, the "soft margin" (SM) or the "soft zone" (SZ), occurred
      singly or in combination in 97% of paired sera (N = 321) taken 3-30 days after
      primary rubella infection (diagnostic seroconversion). For comparison, diagnostic
      increases of rubella antibodies (N = 77), including both primary and
      reinfections, contained these types of altered hemolysis in 80% of the cases. Of
      the remaining 20% of the samples (N = 15), rubella antibodies of IgM class were
      looked for in seven cases but not found. After primary rubella, SZ was always
      present in the first serum sample and disappeared rapidly within 20 days while SM
      persisted longer. The predictive value of the different types of hemolysis was
      estimated from 96 primary sera, which had altered hemolysis. In this material, SZ
      was followed by a diagnostic increase of antibodies in 87% of the cases; the
      prognostic value of the SM was significant but lower. These data show that the
      appearance of SM or SZ in a single serum sample is a useful marker of recent
      primary rubella. On the other hand, a normal hemolysis in SRH can be used to
      exclude recent primary rubella, but not reinfection, with a high degree of
      probability.

PMID- 6376707
TI  - The effects of Captopril on schizophrenia.

PMID- 6376708
TI  - Satietin; a 50,000 dalton glycoprotein in human serum with potent, long-lasting
      and selective anorectic activity.
AB  - Satietin, a 50,000 dalton anorectic glycoprotein was isolated from human serum.
      Its isoelectric point is 7.0. It contains 14-15% amino acids and 70-75%
      carbohydrates. Its biological activity survives digestion with proteases and
      boiling. Satietin is a highly potent anorectic substance. The
      intracerebroventricular administration of 10-20 micrograms satietin suppresses
      food intake in rats during the first day of feeding after deprivation of food for
      96 hours to half of the amount eaten by untreated controls (ID50). The onset of
      the effect can be detected within 30 minutes, the peak effect is reached within
      an hour. The effect lasts 24-30 hours. Satietin acts both at intravenous and
      subcutaneous administration (ID50 = 0.5-0.75 mg/kg) in rats deprived of food for
      96 hours. The peak effect is reached within an hour and lasts over 24 hours. In
      contrast to the anorectic drugs in clinical use and to the endogenous anorectic
      substances (like cholecystokinin and calcitonin) satietin proved to be highly
      selective in suppressing food intake. Considering that satietin is widely
      distributed in the world of vertebrates, its concentration in the blood is
      amazingly high, its site of effect is in the central nervous system and it
      induces satiety without having any other detectable central or peripheral effect,
      the hypothesis was forwarded that satietin may play the role of a rate limiting
      blood-borne satiety signal in the negative feedback of food intake, i.e. serving
      as the essential chemical link connecting the gastrointestinal tract and the
      brain in the regulation of feeding.

PMID- 6376709
TI  - Three-dimensional distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-containing
      structures in the rat stomach and their origins using whole mount tissue.
AB  - The three-dimensional distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)
      like immunoreactive (VIPLI) structures in rat stomach and their origins were
      investigated using the indirect immunofluorescence method in whole mounted
      tissue. The present study demonstrates a very dense VIPLI fiber meshwork in the
      circular muscle layer, longitudinal muscle layer and myenteric plexus. In the
      muscle layers VIPLI immunoreactive fibers run parallel to the muscle. VIPLI
      fibers are distributed evenly throughout the entire stomach. We have also shown
      by experimental manipulations that the fibers in the stomach originate from VIPLI
      neurons in the myenteric plexus.

PMID- 6376710
TI  - Reaction of opioid peptides with neutral endopeptidase ("enkephalinase").
AB  - The kinetics of the reactions of nine opioid peptides with the neutral
      endopeptidase ("enkephalinase") activities of human kidney, rat kidney, and rat
      brain have been determined. These opioid peptides can be divided into two
      classes, those that are good inhibitors of Leu5-enkephalin hydrolysis (Ki less
      than 75 microM) and good substrates for the enzyme, and those that are poor
      inhibitors (Ki greater than 500 microM) and are not substrates for the enzyme.
      The former group includes Leu5-enkephalin, Met5-enkephalin, Met5-enkephalin-Arg6
      Phe7, beta-lipotropin, and gamma-endorphin, while the nonreactive opioid peptides
      include alpha-neo-endorphin, beta-neo-endorphin, dynorphin, and beta-endorphin.
      These results suggest that those peptides containing the Met5-enkephalin sequence
      are more reactive than those containing the Leu5-enkephalin sequence. The lack of
      specificity of this neutral endopeptidase indicates that it may function in the
      degradation of a variety of biologically active peptides.

PMID- 6376711
TI  - Vanillic acid, a metabolite of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol and 4-hydroxy-3
      methoxymandelic acid in man.
AB  - 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol (HMPG) labelled with 14C was used to study the
      metabolic fate of HMPG in six healthy volunteers. Besides conjugation and
      oxidation to 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid (HMMA, VMA) a minor portion, 8.4 +/
      1.1% (mean +/- SEM) was excreted as 14C-labelled vanillic acid (VA). To study if
      VA was formed from HMPG or HMMA (VMA), deuterium-labelled HMPG [( 2H3]HMPG) and
      HMMA [( 2H6]HMMA) were simultaneously injected intravenously to seven healthy
      volunteers. The recovery of [2H3]VA from [2H3]HMPG was 8.3 +/- 2.1% and the
      recovery of [2H6]VA from [2H6]HMMA was 9.0 +/- 2.1%. The 2H-labelled VAs were
      probably formed by a decarboxylation reaction, in the case of HMPG after previous
      oxidation to HMMA.

PMID- 6376712
TI  - Migraine pathogenesis: the neural hypothesis reexamined.
AB  - The hypothesis that migraine is a primary neurological disturbance with secondary
      vascular manifestations is tested by analysing the five phases of migraine
      attacks and the eight groups of recognised precipitating factors. Accessory
      evidence from cerebral blood flow and EEG recordings taken during attacks is also
      considered. The evidence supports the concept that the sensory cortex and
      hypothalamus could be initiating sites for migraine attacks, and indicates that a
      neurological mechanism, suggested by Liveing and Gowers 100 years ago, remains
      viable and needs to be considered in future research.

PMID- 6376713
TI  - Stereotactic thalamotomy for the relief of intention tremor of multiple
      sclerosis.
AB  - The results of a stereotactic thalamotomy in 11 patients with clinically definite
      multiple sclerosis and severe intention tremor are discussed. The operation
      produces a beneficial effect on the tremor and an improvement of arm function in
      most patients. The good results have often been counterbalanced by postoperative
      complications or progression of the disease. An operation may be considered, if
      the tremor lasts for at least a year, and if there is no serious cerebral atrophy
      or other relevant damage to CNS structures. The patient must be capable of giving
      informed consent.

PMID- 6376714
TI  - Carotid endarterectomy in patients with transient cerebral ischaemia.
AB  - A randomised controlled trial of endarterectomy in patients with carotid artery
      disease showed that operation significantly reduced the frequency of transient
      ischaemic attacks (TIA) in the relevant vascular territory. Because of the high
      post-operative morbidity in the surgical group, the trial was abandoned before
      conclusions could be drawn as to the influence of endarterectomy on long-term
      survival or on the incidence of subsequent strokes.

PMID- 6376715
TI  - Anticholinesterase abuse in myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 6376716
TI  - The discovery of neuronopathy and neuropathy as a cause of progressive paralysis
      in childhood. The historical origins of modern differential diagnosis in
      neuromuscular disease.
AB  - The concept of the differential diagnosis has a central place in all clinical
      medicine. In neurology and paediatrics, evolution of thought concerning the
      differential diagnosis of the child presenting with symptoms of neuromuscular
      disease was far in advance of similar diagnostic approaches to problems of
      infectious, infective and neoplastic disease; and as such forms a significant
      historical model for the development of modern clinical approaches to the sick or
      disabled child. The account presented in this paper provides a detailed
      historical review of the development of thought relating to the causes of
      neuromuscular disease. Nosological developments concerning diseases of the motor
      unit can be conveniently classified into three periods: (a) a "state of the art"
      period to 1850; (b) 1850-1890 - a period of parallel and interdependent advances
      in both normal neuro-anatomy and neurophysiology, and diseases recognized as
      variations from such norms. In this era Duchenne was the first to write about the
      differential diagnosis of the progressive muscular paralysis in childhood; and
      Gowers was the first to write specifically on the hereditary transmission of this
      group of diseases; (c) in 1891 was described the first case of childhood
      neuronopathy recognized as such, and with this development was ushered in the
      modern era of clinical differential diagnosis of childhood neuromuscular disease.
      The "splitters" have won the great debate concerning the clinical approach to
      neurological diseases. The continual further refining of an exact diagnosis is
      the only way in which a realistic prognosis can be forecast, correct genetic
      counseling can be offered, and (if the condition is treatable) optimal therapy
      can be introduced.

PMID- 6376717
TI  - Characterization of antineurofilament autoantibodies in Creutzfeldt-Jakob
      disease.
AB  - The antineurofilament antibodies found in the serum of a chimpanzee with
      experimental Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease reacted specifically with the 200,000
      dalton polypeptide of the purified neurofilament triplet. They also reacted
      strongly with thoroughly characterized neurofilament swellings of proximal axons
      of spinal cord motoneurons from beta,beta' iminodipropionitrile (IDPN)
      intoxicated rats.

PMID- 6376718
TI  - The effects of prior radiation therapy and age on the frequency and duration of
      complete remission among various four-drug treatments for advanced Hodgkin's
      disease.
AB  - The current report examines the clinical response observed in 137 patients with
      advanced Hodgkin's disease who had relapsed from an initial complete response
      following radiation therapy (RTF) in comparison to 280 patients with no prior
      therapy (NPT). Patients were prospectively randomized to therapy with a four-drug
      combination chemotherapy program to determine whether CCNU and/or vinblastine are
      more effective than mechlorethamine and/or vincristine when combined with
      procarbazine and prednisone. The frequency of complete remission (CR) was 75% for
      the RTF group compared to 60% of those with NPT (P = .005). In the RTF group,
      those patients receiving a nitrosourea (CCNU) had a significantly greater CR
      frequency than those receiving mechlorethamine (P = .006). Significant risk
      factors favoring longer duration of remission were age less than 40 (P = .005),
      the absence of splenic involvement (P = .007), and the use of CCNU-containing
      programs (P = .015). The advantage for CCNU-containing programs was seen only in
      patients less than 40 years of age. In this study, the strongest factors
      favorably affecting response to therapy were prior RTF, age less than 40 years,
      and treatment with a nitrosourea (CCNU).

PMID- 6376719
TI  - Combination therapy with methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil: a prospective
      randomized clinical trial of order of administration.
AB  - Because of biochemical and tissue culture evidence casting doubt on the
      physiologic relevance of reported synergy afforded by sequential administration
      of methotrexate (MTX) followed by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a randomized controlled
      clinical trial was conducted in 108 patients with advanced cancer, including 70
      with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck, nine with SCC of other
      primary sites, 24 with colorectal, and five with gastric adenocarcinomas.
      Patients were randomized to receive weekly therapy consisting of MTX followed one
      hour later by 5-FU, or 5-FU followed one hour later by MTX. There was a trend to
      higher tumor response rates in patients treated with MTX before 5-FU (45% v 33%
      overall; 65% v 39% in patients with previously untreated head and neck cancer),
      but these differences were not significant, either by chi-square test or by
      multivariate stepwise logistic regression. The trend in survival favoring the
      reverse sequence of 5-FU before MTX was not significant in univariate analyses.
      Stepwise multivariate Cox model analysis showed that Eastern Cooperative Oncology
      Group performance status at study entry was the major prognostic factor for
      survival (P less than 0.001), but among the 70 patients with head and neck
      cancer, the sequence of drug administration was the only other significant
      prognostic factor for survival, and favored the sequence of 5-FU followed by MTX
      (P less than 0.025).

PMID- 6376720
TI  - Peripheral T-cell lymphoma: a clinicopathologic study of 42 cases.
AB  - Clinical and histopathologic material from 42 patients with peripheral T-cell
      lymphoma (PTCL) was reviewed. The median age was 63.5 years (range, 11-97 years).
      The male:female ratio was 2.8:1. Prior immune or lymphoproliferative diseases
      occurred in 36% of the patients. PTCL was advanced at presentation with B
      symptoms (67%), generalized adenopathy (69%), and stage III/IV disease (79%).
      Suspected lung or pleural involvement (21%), hepatomegaly (29%), and splenomegaly
      (43%) were common; marrow involvement was documented in 37% of the patients at
      presentation and in 51% of patients during the illness. Hypercalcemia and
      eosinophilia occurred in 19% and 29% of patients, respectively. Among patients
      receiving combination chemotherapy (BCOP, CHOP, BACOP, COMLA), eight (24%) of 33
      achieved a complete remission and only four (12%) of 33 had a sustained complete
      remission. The median survival for PTCL was 11 months. Because of the poor
      response to standard therapy, clinical trials should identify cases of PTCL and
      evaluate newer regimens in this subset of aggressive lymphoma.

PMID- 6376721
TI  - Follicular large cell lymphoma: analysis and prognostic factors in 62 patients.
AB  - Sixty-two patients with follicular large cell lymphoma were treated between 1973
      and 1981. The overall median survival was 78 months with a five-year survival of
      62%. The complete remission rate was 76%, with a median relapse-free interval of
      72 months for responders. Complete remission produced a significantly longer
      survival than partial response and failure. Patients who tolerated therapy with
      an intensive doxorubicin-containing regimen had a significantly longer relapse
      free interval and survival. Patients with stage I-II disease treated with
      radiation therapy alone had a higher relapse rate than those treated with
      radiation and combination chemotherapy. The addition of radiation therapy to
      combination chemotherapy in stage III-IV disease decreased the incidence of
      relapse at irradiated sites, but did not translate into improved survival.
      Pretreatment prognostic factors associated with poor response were thrombocytosis
      and stage III-IV disease; those associated with shortened survival were
      thrombocytosis, elevated lactic dehydrogenase level, stage III-IV disease, and
      bulky abdominal disease. Follicular large cell lymphoma is an aggressive
      lymphoma. Treatment should be curative in intent, and should include intensive
      combination chemotherapy even in stage I-II disease. Knowledge of important
      prognostic factors can be useful for analysis of future trials and planning
      therapeutic strategies.

PMID- 6376722
TI  - A randomized trial of melphalan and prednisone versus melphalan, prednisone,
      cyclophosphamide, MeCCNU, and vincristine in untreated multiple myeloma.
AB  - In a randomized study with 234 previously untreated patients with multiple
      myeloma, 129 were treated with melphalan (8 mg/m2 perorally for four days) and
      prednisone (40 mg/m2 perorally for seven days, both every four weeks) and 105
      with melphalan and prednisone at the same doses plus cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m2
      intravenously every four weeks), MeCCNU (100 mg/m2 PO every eight weeks), and
      vincristine (MPCCV, 0.6 mg/m2 IV every four weeks). A total of 49 (38%) of the
      129 patients treated with melphalan and prednisone (MP) and 48 (46%) of the 105
      patients treated with MPCCV showed good response (GR) (P not significant); the
      overall response rates were 58% and 70%, respectively. Thirty-seven percent of
      the MP group and 39% of the MPCCV group remain alive at 48 months from first
      treatment (P not significant). The estimated 48-month survival from first
      treatment, according to different prognostic factors at diagnosis, in both groups
      was as follows: stage 1,56%; stage II, 46%, and stage III, 23% (I and II v III P
      less than .001). Survival at 48 months according to response was GR, 68%; partial
      response (PR), 33%; and null, 16% (GR v null, P less than .0005; GR v PR, P less
      than .0005). Survival according to renal function was 43% for a creatinine level
      less than 2 mg/100 mL and 27% for a creatine level greater than or equal to 2
      mg/100 mL (P less than .0005). No significant difference has been found between
      the two treatment schedules in terms of response rate and survival time, in any
      stage of disease.

PMID- 6376723
TI  - The role of radiation therapy in the management of stage III follicular
      lymphomas.
AB  - Between 1961 and 1982, 66 patients with stage III follicular small cleaved (FSC)
      and follicular mixed small cleaved and large cell (FM) lymphoma were treated at
      Stanford University. Treatment consisted of total-lymphoid irradiation (TLI) to a
      total dose of about 4,000 rad in 61 patients or whole-body irradiation (WBI)
      followed by boost irradiation to sites of involvement in five patients. In
      addition, 13 patients treated with TLI received adjuvant chemotherapy, consisting
      of six cycles of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (CVP). Median
      follow-up was 9.6 years. Kaplan-Meier actuarial survival at five, ten, and 15
      years was 78%, 50%, and 37%, respectively. Freedom from relapse at five and ten
      years was 60% and 40% with no relapses after ten years. In a prospective
      randomized study of 16 patients who all underwent staging laparotomy comparing
      TLI with or without adjuvant chemotherapy with CVP, there was no significant
      difference in either survival or freedom from relapse between the two groups.
      Patients with limited stage III disease (without B symptoms, less than five sites
      of involvement, and maximum size of disease less than 10 cm) had an excellent
      prognosis with a 15-year survival and freedom from relapse of 100% and 88%,
      respectively. Radiation therapy may be a potentially curative modality in
      patients with stage III follicular lymphomas.

PMID- 6376724
TI  - Lymphocyte surface markers in orbital lymphoid neoplasms.
AB  - Since the malignant nature of many orbital lymphoid infiltrates is difficult to
      assess from pathologic examination alone, over the past four years lymphocyte
      surface marker studies have been added to the evaluation of 23 such cases. Only
      10 of the 23 could be confidently classified as malignant lymphoma by histology
      alone. However, monoclonal surface immunoglobulin was found in 15, supporting the
      pathologic diagnosis of malignancy in eight and adding seven that could not have
      been diagnosed otherwise. Clinical evaluation, including a median follow-up of 18
      months, revealed manifestations of systemic lymphoma in six of those 15; two had
      been diagnosed only by surface markers. In contrast, only one of eight cases
      lacking monoclonal surface immunoglobulin exhibited clinical evidence of
      malignancy (that case was also indeterminate by histologic criteria). The
      addition of surface marker analysis permits more accurate diagnosis of orbital
      lymphoma than is possible from pathologic study alone. This technique can suggest
      the subtype of lymphoma.

PMID- 6376725
TI  - The dynamics of nerve growth factor-induced neurofilament and vimentin filament
      expression and organization in PC12 cells.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies specific for neurofilament (NF) subunits or for vimentin
      filament (VF) protein were used to study nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced
      intermediate filament expression and organization in a rat pheochromocytoma cell
      line (PC12 cells). NGF induced increased amounts of NF subunits and VF protein,
      and they were, in part, differentially localized within PC12 cells. The relative
      expression of each of the NF subunits and of the VF protein was measured by an
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay which revealed that PC12 cells grown in the
      absence of NGF (PC12- cells) contained 3 times more VF than 68,000-dalton NF
      subunits and only barely detectable amounts of 150,000- and 200,000-dalton NF
      subunits. Exposure of these cells to NGF (PC12+ cells) increased the amount of
      68,000-dalton NF subunits 8-fold, VF protein 3-fold, and 150,000- and 200,000
      dalton NF subunits 2-fold. The ratio of VF to 68,000-dalton NF proteins in PC12-
      versus PC12+ cells decreased from 3.0 to 1.5. Both VF and 68,000-dalton NF
      subunits were arranged in juxtanuclear "ball-like" configurations and both were
      present in neurites of PC12+ cells. The distribution of 150,000- and 200,000
      dalton NF subunits was diffuse with perinuclear stippling and only occasional,
      weakly fluorescent "balls." After perturbation of the PC12 cell cytoskeleton,
      68,000-dalton NF subunits and VF redistributed together and, thus, may exist as
      heteropolymers. Finally, the increased expression of NF and VF proteins was
      specific for NGF since they could not be induced by other hormones or "growth"
      factors. We conclude that PC12 cells constitute a model system for studies of NF
      and VF expression, assembly, and interactions.

PMID- 6376726
TI  - Glutamic acid decarboxylase-immunoreactive neurons and terminals in the lateral
      geniculate nucleus of the cat.
AB  - We have examined the distribution of neurons and terminals that are
      immunoreactive for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), the synthesizing enzyme for
      the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid within the lateral
      geniculate nucleus of the cat. We estimate that GAD-positive neurons constitute
      approximately one-fourth of the neurons in all layers of the lateral geniculate
      nucleus and in the medial interlaminar nucleus (MIN). In addition, almost all of
      the neurons within the perigeniculate nucleus are GAD-positive. The mean size of
      GAD-positive cell bodies is significantly smaller than the mean size of unlabeled
      neurons in all subdivisions of the lateral geniculate nucleus. GAD-positive
      neurons have thick primary dendrites which are associated with thin lightly
      immunoreactive processes that give rise to clusters of GAD-positive terminals.
      Clusters of GAD-positive terminals are prominent in lamina A, A1, magnocellular
      C, and MIN but are rare in the parvocellular C laminae. Within the A laminae, GAD
      immunoreactivity is found within vesicle-containing profiles of the synaptic
      glomerulus lying postsynaptic to optic axon terminals and presynaptic to
      unlabeled dendritic profiles. GAD-positive neurons in the A laminae are
      distinguished from other small to medium-sized neurons by their failure to label
      following injections of HRP into visual cortex and by their lack of cytoplasmic
      laminated body. These results support the idea that GAD-positive neurons
      constitute a distinct population of neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus of
      the cat; a population which has a number of features in common with previous
      descriptions of presumed local circuit neurons based on Golgi staining.

PMID- 6376727
TI  - Viral infections of the nervous system.
AB  - Neurotropic viruses cause a number of important infectious syndromes including
      encephalitis, myelitis, meningitis, and radiculopathy. In this review, the
      biology of conventional and unconventional viruses is examined. The host immune
      response to viruses is discussed, and patterns of viral pathogenesis are
      explained. The clinical features, laboratory findings, management of important
      viral infections, such as herpes simplex encephalitis and epidemic encephalitis,
      are presented. Post-infection syndromes, such as the Guillain-Barre syndrome, and
      chronic viral infections, such as those causing progressive multifocal
      leukoencephalopathy and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, are discussed.
      Current knowledge concerning the nature of unconventional virus-like agents of
      the spongiform encephalopathies, including kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, is
      summarized. Finally, viral infections of immunocompromised patients and the
      possible role of viruses in the newly described acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome (AIDS) are examined.

PMID- 6376728
TI  - Stereotaxic thalamotomy for treatment of posttraumatic movement disorders.
AB  - Stereotaxic ventrolateral thalamotomies have been successful in treating a wide
      spectrum of involuntary movement disorders, but very little has been reported
      concerning their use in posttraumatic movement disorders (MD's). This procedure
      has been used to treat 11 patients who developed persistent MD following severe
      closed head injuries. Among these, seven had action tremors, nine hemiballismic
      movements, two choreoathetoid movements, and two truncal ataxia. In two patients
      the MD was significant bilaterally, and in eight patients more than one type of
      MD was present. Standard thermal lesions based on the middle anterior commissure
      posterior commissure line, 10 to 15 mm lateral to the midline, were performed
      following stimulation. Within the immediate postoperative period, all 11 patients
      had some degree of improvement in their MD; five showed marked improvement, four
      moderate improvement, and two minor improvement. One patient had recurrence of
      the MD 24 hours postoperatively requiring a second procedure, with marked
      improvement subsequently. In five of the six patients who underwent a left-sided
      procedure, a transient increase in preoperative dysarthria was noted. Nine
      patients had follow-up examinations 2 months to 3 years following surgery. Some
      persistent improvement in the MD was noted in all. Of three patients whose
      dysarthria was worse at 3 to 4 months, subsequent improvement was noted at 9 to
      12 months in two. Stereotaxic thalamotomy appears to be an effective form of
      treatment for persistent posttraumatic MD. The major limitation is increased
      postoperative dysarthria. Further studies to evaluate risk factors associated
      with dysarthria and further refinement to prevent its occurrence are needed.

PMID- 6376729
TI  - Combined malignant lymphoma of the eye and CNS (reticulum-cell sarcoma). Report
      of three cases.
AB  - Three cases of histopathologically proven combined ocular and central nervous
      system (CNS) malignant lymphoma (reticulum-cell sarcoma) are presented. A review
      of the literature revealed 33 cases described with this syndrome. Symptoms and
      signs of both CNS and ocular disease are discussed. The results of computerized
      tomography and angiography are also reviewed. The diagnosis has been made by
      craniotomy, cerebrospinal fluid cytological examination, and by pars plana
      vitrectomy. The latter two procedures should probably be attempted prior to
      considering craniotomy. Reticulum-cell sarcoma of the eye and CNS possibly has a
      multicentric origin.

PMID- 6376730
TI  - Stereotaxis.

PMID- 6376731
TI  - Ventilator-driven xenon ventilation studies.
AB  - A modification of a common commercial Xe-133 ventilation device is described for
      mechanically assisted ventilation imaging. The patient's standard ventilator
      serves as the power source controlling the ventilatory rate and volume during the
      xenon study, but the gases in the two systems are not intermixed. This avoids
      contamination of the ventilator with radioactive xenon. Supplemental oxygen and
      positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) are provided if needed. The system can be
      converted quickly for conventional studies with spontaneous respiration.

PMID- 6376733
TI  - Functional consequences of iron deficiency in human populations.

PMID- 6376732
TI  - Effect of litter size on plasma cholesterol and insulin and some liver and
      adipose tissue enzymes in adult rodents.
AB  - Rats and mice were raised in litters of 4 or 14 per mother. Plasma levels of
      cholesterol and insulin were found to be elevated later in life in those raised
      in small litters. Hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity in
      rats was higher in large than in small litters on day 60 but not on day 240. In
      adipose tissue activity was higher in the small litters. The activities of
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy-kinase in liver and of fatty acid synthetase in
      adipose tissue were higher in large than in small litters later in life. It is
      concluded that early quantitative changes in food intake have permanent late
      effects.

PMID- 6376734
TI  - Effect of cigarette smoke on formaldehyde data.

PMID- 6376735
TI  - Effects of irradiation of skin flaps.
AB  - The reaction of skin flaps to irradiation and the optimum postoperative time for
      irradiation was studied in the rat. Flaps showed different reactions depending on
      the time of irradiation. There was a correlation between the radiosensitivity and
      the vascularity of the flap. Those flaps in the marginal hypovascular stage of
      revascularization showed reactions similar to normal skin. However, severe
      adverse reactions were observed in the marginal hypervascular stage.

PMID- 6376736
TI  - Results of bone grafting after rigid fixation.
AB  - Results of bone grafting in ten cases of primary mandibular reconstruction using
      rib grafts and 62 cases of secondary mandibular reconstruction using iliac bone
      grafts or rib transplants are reported. Two (20%) of the primary transplants were
      lost and one of the secondary transplants was totally lost and another was
      partially lost (3.2%) because of infection. All other transplants healed without
      infection. Pseudarthrosis was observed in 30% of the cases after primary
      reconstruction and in 15% of the cases after secondary reconstruction.

PMID- 6376737
TI  - The difficulties of prosthetic management of edentulous cases with hemi
      mandibulectomy following cancer treatment.
AB  - The presenting features of edentulous subjects who have undergone
      hemimandibulectomy for the removal of squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth are
      described. Suggested methods of prosthetic treatment are discussed and the means
      of assessing problems of speech and swallowing with sequential radiography are
      reported.

PMID- 6376738
TI  - The transverse strength of acrylic resin strips and of repaired acrylic samples.
AB  - A method was developed for measuring the transverse strength of repaired acrylic
      samples at a single butt joint. The strength was determined for samples prepared
      from two types of heat polymerizing resins and two types of repair resins. The
      temperature elevation during curing of the repair resins was determined. Cross
      linking of the resins was evaluated by immersion of samples in solvents. The
      appearance of the bead microstructure after various treatments was considered to
      indicate relaxation at the sample surface. Repaired samples of the heat
      polymerizing resin which exhibited relaxation after immersion in monomer, had a
      lower strength than samples prepared from the resin for which relaxation was not
      observed, although both resins were cross-linked to a similar extent. The
      application of pressure during curing increased the strength of the samples
      repaired with the rapid curing, cross-linked, repair resin. The strength of the
      samples repaired with the uncross-linked, slow curing, repair resin was affected
      by pressure only if the insertion of the repair resin between the sample parts
      was delayed after mixing. Variations in the powder to liquid ratio of the uncross
      linked repair resin did not affect the sample strength. Wetting of the sample
      parts with monomer before repair, and variations in the curing temperature did
      not affect the sample strength for the investigated resin combinations.

PMID- 6376739
TI  - An investigation into the type of union achieved between cast cores and Wiptam
      wire posts.
AB  - The type of union formed between Wiptam wire posts and cast cores has been
      investigated. Scanning electron microscopy of sectioned 'as cast' specimens
      showed that the union between Wiptam posts and cast cores was predominantly
      mechanical in nature. Diffusion studies, however, using an X-ray Microanalysis
      Unit, revealed that there was evidence of diffusion of silver atoms into the post
      from the core. This suggests that the bonding between the two components is not
      merely a simple mechanical lock.

PMID- 6376740
TI  - The effect of ultrasonic scaling on the surface of Class V amalgam restorations-
      a scanning electron microscopy study.
AB  - Class V cavities were prepared on twelve extracted teeth and then filled with
      amalgam which was condensed in six cases by hand and six by mechanical means. SEM
      records were obtained before and after ultrasonic scaling of the restored area.
      They showed that such scaling had a deleterious effect on the surface of the
      amalgam and its marginal integrity. However the mechanically condensed specimens
      were less affected.

PMID- 6376741
TI  - [Absorption of drugs from rabbit nasal mucosa in vivo].

PMID- 6376742
TI  - Morphometric and related quantitative techniques in the study of lymphoid
      neoplasms. A review.

PMID- 6376744
TI  - Fellows come and fellows go. Symposium in honor of Mildred T. Stahlmann,
      Nashville, Tennessee, August 5, 1982.

PMID- 6376743
TI  - Disposition of tobramycin in patients with cystic fibrosis: a prospective
      controlled study.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of tobramycin in adolescents or young adults with cystic
      fibrosis and in age-matched controls were prospectively compared. Patients with
      CF had a higher tobramycin total body clearance (121.2 +/- 14.2 ml/min/1.73 m2)
      than did controls (102.2 +/- 18.9 ml/min/1.73 m2, P less than 0.05). This was not
      associated with a higher glomerular filtration rate (iothalamate total body
      clearance 147.5 +/- 29.2 ml/min/1.73 m2 in patients vs 142.9 +/- 33.3 ml/min/1.73
      m2 in controls) or a lower binding of gentamicin to serum proteins (14.3% +/-
      2.6% in patients vs 17.4% +/- 3.8% in controls). Tobramycin renal clearance was
      not significantly different in the two groups (89.5 +/- 17.9 ml/min/1.73 m2 in
      patients vs 81.0 +/- 15.8 ml/min/1.73 m2 in controls). In the control group,
      tobramycin total body and renal clearances were highly correlated with
      iothalamate total body clearance (r = +0.95 and +0.88, P less than 0.01). In
      patients with cystic fibrosis, the correlation was not significant (r = +0.56, P
      greater than 0.05 for total body clearance, and r = 0.32, P greater than 0.1 for
      renal clearance). There was no significant difference in volume of distribution
      normalized to body surface area or in half-life of elimination. The higher
      tobramycin total body clearance without an increase in renal clearance, and the
      lower correlation with glomerular filtration rate indicate that an extrarenal
      clearance pathway might play a significant role in the elimination of tobramycin
      from the serum of patients with cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 6376745
TI  - Phase contrast microscopy in hematuria.

PMID- 6376746
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation in chronic granulomatous disease.
AB  - A 5-month-old Amish infant boy with chronic granulomatous disease underwent bone
      marrow transplantation from his 5-year-old, histocompatible brother after a
      preconditioning regimen of busulfan 2 mg/kg/day for 4 days, followed by
      cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg/day for 4 days. At the time of bone marrow
      transplantation, he was free of infection, and remained so throughout the course
      of the transplant. He was engrafted promptly, with complete reversal of the
      neutrophil function defect and no sign of graft-versus-host disease. This was
      followed by loss of the erythroid graft and deterioration in neutrophil function
      over a period of 9 months. Sixteen months after transplantation, he is free of
      infection and growing normally, with essentially no evidence for neutrophil
      engraftment.

PMID- 6376747
TI  - In memoriam Christopher Amyas Wright 1928-1983.

PMID- 6376748
TI  - Presentation of the Henry Baldwin Ward Medal 1983.

PMID- 6376749
TI  - Antigens of Trypanosoma cruzi: evidence that the 90-kd protective glycoprotein
      antigen is expressed in blood-form trypomastigotes and may not be functional in
      dead epimastigotes.

PMID- 6376750
TI  - Susceptibility of Anopheles punctipennis and other Florida mosquitoes to
      Plasmodium berghei.

PMID- 6376751
TI  - Immunoconglutinin and suppression of an induced immune response by plasma from
      rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense.
AB  - Fresh plasma from rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, incubated
      with splenic lymphocytes from rats previously immunized with sheep blood cells,
      suppressed the capacity of the splenic lymphocytes to produce antibody as was
      indicated by reductions in the numbers of hemolytic Jerne plaques produced by the
      treated cells. The effect was maximal in plasma samples drawn on the sixth to
      eighth day of infection when they contained elevated amounts of soluble immune
      complex, high titers of immunoconglutinin (IK), and reduced titers of lytic
      complement. We suggest that the active plasma may have affected the antibody
      producing cells by one or both of two mechanisms. Soluble antigen-antibody
      complexes may have interacted with Fc receptors of activated lymphocytes to
      suppress antibody production. Alternatively, complement-fixing soluble immune
      complexes may have reacted with C3b receptors of the lymphocytes. These
      lymphocytes coated with the antigen for IK could then be injured by
      immunoconglutination.

PMID- 6376752
TI  - Induction of enterokinase in the rat small intestine following hypersecretion of
      trypsinogen by chronic trypsin inhibitor feeding.
AB  - The interrelationship between trypsin/trypsinogen and enterokinase (EK) was
      studied in rats following induction of trypsinogen hypersecretion by various
      agents. Both soybean trypsin inhibitor and para-aminobenzamidine increased
      intraluminal tryptic activities to a level about twice that found in the control
      rats. This resulted in an increase in the mucosal and the intraluminal contents
      of EK in the rat small intestine. On the other hand, in cholecystokinin-treated
      rats, although there was an increase of intraluminal trypsin, the increase was
      about 80% less than in the inhibitor-fed rats. Under this condition, there was no
      effect on the mucosal or the intraluminal EK. These results suggested that
      substantial increase in intraluminal trypsin/trypsinogen levels (two-fold over
      control) will increase the mucosal and the intraluminal concentrations of EK in
      the rat small intestine. Our observation extends previous reports that a
      decreased level of trypsin/trypsinogen, such as in pancreatic insufficiency,
      leads to a decrease in mucosal EK. These observations, when taken together,
      strongly support the modulating role of intraluminal trypsin/trypsinogen levels
      in controlling the EK concentrations in the small intestine.

PMID- 6376753
TI  - Hiatal hernia and gastroesophageal reflux.

PMID- 6376754
TI  - Assessment of liver size in normal infants and children.

PMID- 6376755
TI  - The effectiveness of regenerating versus mature marrow in physiologic autogenous
      transplants.
AB  - Differences in rates of bone healing in animals and in human extraction wounds
      suggest that marrow tissue is more likely to form bone when transplanted at the
      onset of its most active regenerative period rather than at its maturity. To test
      this hypothesis, small segments of polyvinyl sponge were implanted into
      experimentally produced femur cavities in Sprague-Dawley rats, to provide
      matrices for regenerating cellular structure in the grafting procedures. Bone
      resulted in 16 of 22 cases (72.7%) in which regenerating marrow was transferred
      to the anterior eye chamber, compared with 4 of 23 cases (17.4%) in which mature
      marrow was used (P = 0.0002). No bone resulted when washed, polyvinyl sponge
      samples were implanted as controls in 6 cases. These findings indicate that with
      existing techniques it is probably more effective to transplant regenerating
      marrow than mature marrow.

PMID- 6376756
TI  - Alloplastic implants of tricalcium phosphate ceramic in human periodontal osseous
      defects.
AB  - Initial pilot studies using tricalcium phosphate ceramic placed into human
      periodontal osseous defects demonstrated osseous repair. Therefore, further
      evaluation of this material was undertaken on 17 carefully selected patients with
      1-wall, 2-wall, crestal and furcation defects using standardized preoperative and
      postoperative radiographs, clinical measurements and clinical photographs.
      Inverse bevel, full-thickness flaps were raised, the areas debrided, root
      surfaces planed with ultrasonic and hand instrumentation, osseous penetrations
      made with curet point and the flaps sutured after the defects were filled.
      Eighteen-month reentry surgical procedures were performed on 10 of the 17
      patients, with a resultant average of 2.8 mm of new bone. Controls were not used
      in this study since a protocol describing a sham procedure with other than 3-wall
      osseous defects was not acceptable in 1973 to the Clinical Human Use Committee.
      Although the tricalcium phosphate ceramic material was not found to be totally
      predictable in this study, it may nevertheless become a useful graft material
      because of its potential for osseous repair in combination with its availability,
      host acceptability, ease of manipulation and storage advantages.

PMID- 6376757
TI  - The effect of surface adsorption and staining reactions on the antimicrobial
      properties of some cationic antiseptic mouthwashes.
AB  - The phenomenon of surface adsorption appears fundamental to the antiplaque
      activity of the cationic antiseptics. Moreover, reaction with chromogenic
      material is relevant to the local side effect of staining. The purpose of this
      investigation was to determine how such local reactions affect the antibacterial
      activity of some of these antiseptics. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
      of commercial mouthrinses containing alexidine, cetyl pyridinium chloride,
      chlorhexidine gluconate and hexetidine against Oxford staphylococcus (NCTC 6571)
      and Escherichia coli (NCTC 10418) was established by tube dilution. The effect on
      the MIC values against O. staphylococcus of adding polymethylmethacrylate polymer
      or against E coli of adding a standard tea solution was then measured. The zones
      of inhibition around acrylic blocks soaked in the respective antiseptics, with
      and without postexposure washings, were measured. The effects on zone width of
      placing the antiseptic-soaked blocks in tea were recorded. The MIC values of
      alexidine, cetyl pyridinium chloride and chlorhexidine gluconate, but not
      hexetidine, were all increased by adding polymethylmethacrylate to cultures. Tea
      added to the culture increased the MIC values against E. coli for alexidine,
      chlorhexidine and hexetidine, but not for cetyl pyridinium chloride. Zones of
      inhibition around antiseptic-treated blocks were reduced by washing and, in the
      case of hexetidine, completely abolished. Tea-soaking further reduced the zones
      of inhibition for alexidine and chlorhexidine, but not cetyl pyridinium
      chloride.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6376758
TI  - Relative error (variability) associated with an improved instrument for measuring
      gingival crevicular fluid.
AB  - This investigation was undertaken to compare the variability in a new Periotron
      model 6000 to the variability in the previous Periotron model 600 and to the
      variability of the ninhydrin area method (NAM) for measuring quantities of fluid
      collected on filter paper strips. A Hamilton microliter syringe was used to
      deliver normal human serum to filter paper strips. Strips receiving varying
      quantities were randomly and blindly assigned to Periotron models 6000 and 600
      until 10 strips containing each of 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60, 0.75, 0.90 and 1.05
      microliter had been read using model 6000 and 10 strips containing each of 0.15,
      0.30 and 0.45 microliter had been read using model 600. All strips were
      subsequently read using the NAM. The entire procedure was repeated using
      distilled water containing 0.1% methyl green. Coefficients of variation (CV) were
      computed for all sets of data. In all cases the CVs for the Periotron 6000 were
      significantly smaller than those for the Periotron 600 or the NAM. Pooled
      estimates of CVs (0.15-0.45 microliter) for the Periotron models 6000 and 600
      were 0.054 and 0.116, respectively, (P less than or equal to 0.005) with serum
      and 0.059 and 0.095, respectively, (P less than or equal to 0.05) with distilled
      water containing 0.1% methyl green. Pooled estimates of CVs (0.15-1.05
      microliter) for the Periotron model 6000 and the same strips subsequently
      measured with the NAM were 0.046 and 0.069, respectively, (P less than or equal
      to 0.005) with serum and 0.055 and 0.076, respectively, (P less than or equal to
      0.001) with distilled water containing 0.1% methyl green.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6376760
TI  - Suggested solutions for common problems in clinical periodontics.
AB  - This short report offers solutions for three common clinical problems. Based on
      their experience, the authors suggest using a "spoon" type partial denture for
      the temporary replacement of maxillary anterior teeth. The denture is unique in
      that it has no clasps and does not contact the marginal gingiva. Also,
      conventional posterior curets have been modified by lengthening the shanks 5 mm
      while retaining the original dimensions of the working tip in order to reach
      relatively inaccessible areas more easily. Finally, to increase the utility of
      Orban knives in making primary inverse bevel flap incisions, the blade has been
      lengthened by 5 mm.

PMID- 6376759
TI  - Metronidazole in periodontitis. I. Clinical and bacteriological results after 15
      to 30 weeks.
AB  - The statistical association of certain anaerobic organisms such as black
      pigmented bacteroides (BPB) species and spirochetes with clinical signs of active
      periodontitis, i.e. bleeding upon probing and bone loss, suggests that the
      lesions may actually reflect a "specific infection" involving these or
      unidentified species. All the known oral species of BPB and spirochetes are
      anaerobes which suggests that antimicrobial treatment directed specifically
      against anaerobes might be effective in periodontal therapy. In this report, the
      short-term results of metronidazole treatment plus mechanical debridement in
      patients with extensive periodontal disease and of a double-blind clinical study
      in which metronidazole plus mechanical debridement is compared to placebo plus
      mechanical debridement are described. The findings indicate that 1 week of
      systemic metronidazole can optimize the clinical reduction of pockets and
      increase the apparent attachment in periodontitis patients who receive concurrent
      mechanical debridement of their root surfaces. In patients with extensive
      clinical involvement, metronidazole resulted in a significant reduction in the
      number of sites exhibiting pocket depths and attachment loss greater than or
      equal to 7 mm. When metronidazole plus mechanical debridement was compared with
      placebo plus mechanical debridement in a double-blind study, the metronidazole
      patients exhibited a significant improvement in those sites initially greater
      than or equal to 7 mm. The beneficial effect of the metronidazole was associated
      with a significant and sustained reduction of certain anaerobic organisms such as
      Bacteroides gingivalis and the large spirochetes. These data indicate that
      treatment aimed specifically toward the anaerobic component of the plaque flora
      can be associated with impressive clinical improvements 15 to 30 weeks after the
      initiation of treatment.

PMID- 6376761
TI  - Peer preferences in a desegregated school: a round robin analysis.

PMID- 6376762
TI  - External threat and the definition of deviance.
AB  - Research ( Lauderdale , 1976; Schachter , 1951) suggests that an external threat
      to a group can lead to the rejection of deviant members of the group and
      alteration of group communication patterns and solidarity. This study sought to
      extend those findings, integrate them with concepts from Simmel 's (1917/1955)
      work on group conflict, and link them to key issues in the societal reaction
      approach to deviant behavior. We examined the effect of variation in level of
      threat, the relationship between deviant status and nonconformity to the central
      task norm, the role of high-status actors in deviance designation, the
      relationship between rejection and negative definition of the deviant, and the
      effects of rejection and negative definition on group solidarity. Hypotheses were
      tested in an experimental design involving three conditions (strong threat, weak
      threat, and no threat). The results suggest that (a) the level of threat is
      directly related to the extent of rejection and negative definition, (b)
      nonconformity to the central task norm is not systematically related to deviant
      status, (c) high-status actors are more involved in the rejection of the deviant,
      (d) sociometric rejection of the deviant is accompanied by negative definition in
      the strong-threat condition, and (e) the level of group solidarity is related to
      the extent of rejection and negative definition. Implications of these findings
      are discussed relative to the societal reaction approach to deviant behavior and
      analogous processes in other social groups.

PMID- 6376763
TI  - [Highly sensitive detection in high performance liquid chromatography].

PMID- 6376764
TI  - [Purification and characterization of liver carbonyl reductase in the Japanese
      monkey].

PMID- 6376765
TI  - [Organic catalysts and autorecycling reactions].

PMID- 6376766
TI  - Carboxyl group catalysis of acyl transfer reactions in corticosteroid 17- and 21
      monoesters.
AB  - Succinate esters, although frequently employed as water-soluble prodrugs of
      poorly soluble parent drugs, are not sufficiently stable to allow long-term
      storage in solution. Intramolecular catalysis of ester hydrolysis by the terminal
      succinate carboxyl group is a contributing factor to this instability.
      Methylprednisolone 21-succinate has recently been reported to undergo both
      hydrolysis and 21 in equilibrium 17 acyl migration in aqueous solutions.
      Intramolecular catalysis by the terminal carboxyl group is seen in both
      reactions, but the catalytic mechanisms are not well understood. While acyl
      migration can only be catalyzed via the carboxyl group acting as a general acid
      or general base, hydrolysis may undergo either nucleophilic or general acid-base
      catalysis. To gain further insight into the catalytic mechanism, hydrolysis of
      methylprednisolone 21-succinate was carried out in aniline buffers to trap any
      succinic anhydride (as the anilide) that would form if the catalysis were
      nucleophilic. The nucleophilic mechanism was shown to account for only 15-20% of
      the overall catalysis. Comparisons of the rates of the intramolecularly catalyzed
      reactions of methylprednisolone 21- and 17-succinate were made with the same
      reactions of methylprednisolone 21- and 17-acetate catalyzed intermolecularly by
      acetate ion. Interestingly, intramolecular catalysis appears to favor acyl
      migration over hydrolysis. Hence, the hydrolysis of methylprednisolone 21
      succinate is faster in basic solutions (pH greater than 7.4), while acyl
      migration becomes the dominant reaction in the catalyzed region of the pH profile
      between pH 3.6 and 7.4. Arguments are presented to account for these differences
      in catalytic efficiency in terms of the transition-state structures for the two
      reactions.

PMID- 6376767
TI  - Agglutination kinetics of enzymatically treated normal and diabetic rat
      hepatocytes.
AB  - The effect of trypsin and neuraminidase treatments on concanavalin A-induced
      agglutination of viable hepatocytes from normal and diabetic rats are reported.
      Trypsin (1.0 microgram/mL) treatment resulted in a increased rate of hepatocyte
      agglutination in both normal and diabetic cells in the presence of 100
      micrograms/mL of concanavalin A. However, neuraminidase treatment resulted in a
      decrease in the rate of cytoagglutination in the normal cells and an increase in
      the rate in the diabetic counterpart. The results suggest that trypsin may have
      caused the removal of a surface protein and/or split a peptide bond on the
      agglutinin receptors resulting in identical receptor exposure and clustering in
      normal and diabetic cells. The neuraminidase data suggest that the arrangements
      of the neuraminic acid moieties on the receptors in normal cell membranes were
      different from those in the diabetic cells, eliminating the possible effect of
      changes in the surface charge density. In conclusion, normal cells carry numerous
      clustered (possibly some in the "cryptic" state) agglutinin receptors in the cell
      membrane as compared with cells from diabetic rats.

PMID- 6376768
TI  - Analysis of captopril and hydrochlorothiazide combination tablet formulations by
      liquid chromatography.
AB  - A reverse-phase, high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure was
      developed for the simultaneous assay of captopril and hydrochlorothiazide in a
      combination tablet formulation. Gradient elution was used to quantify these two
      drugs, as well as the oxidized form of captopril, the disulfide. Tablets were
      extracted with methanol and, after centrifugation, were chromatographed.
      Initially, a methanol-0.05% aqueous phosphoric acid (25:75, v/v) solution was
      pumped at 2 mL/min into a phenyl column. After 8 min, the flow rate was increased
      to 4.5 mL/min and the methanol content of the mobile phase was increased to 45%
      to elute the disulfide. Detection was at 210 nm. Linearity and repeatability of
      all constituents were satisfactory. The hydrolytic degradation product of
      hydrochlorothiazide, 4-amino-6-chloro-1,3-benzene disulfonamide (also called the
      disulfonamide ), could be resolved in test solutions but was not visible in
      chromatograms of tablets carried through the gradient procedure even after
      storage at elevated temperatures for prolonged time periods prior to assay. The
      method can be automated.

PMID- 6376769
TI  - Evaluation of the bioavailability of a solid dispersion of phenytoin in
      polyethylene glycol 6000 and a commercial phenytoin sodium capsule in the dog.
AB  - In this study a solid dispersion of phenytoin in polyethylene glycol 6000 was
      prepared by the melt method. The content uniformity of the dispersion indicated a
      range of 98.7-102.0%. X-ray crystallographic data showed no changes in the
      crystalline structure of the phenytoin in the dispersion when compared with that
      in the bulk reagent. Scanning electron micrographs of the dispersion show a
      reduction in the size of the crystals when compared with the bulk reagent. The
      commercial product and the dispersion were compared using the USP criteria for
      the prompt phenytoin sodium dissolution test. The salt dissolved at a rate four
      times greater than the dispersion. Bioequivalency comparisons between the
      dispersion containing phenytoin and the commercial prompt phenytoin sodium were
      studied in six mixed-breed dogs. All samples were analyzed using a commercial
      enzyme immunoassay system. Statistical analysis of the plasma levels obtained
      from the animal studies indicate no significant differences (p greater than 0.05)
      between area under the curve, maximum plasma concentration, and time to peak for
      the commercial salt and the acid formulation.

PMID- 6376771
TI  - [Development of neurophysiology following the decrement-nondecrement
      controversy].

PMID- 6376770
TI  - Long-term stability of aqueous solutions of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
      assessed by an in vitro bioassay and liquid chromatography.
AB  - The stability of aqueous solutions of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
      (LHRH) after extended storage at various temperatures was investigated using a
      newly developed HPLC assay and an in vitro dispersed pituitary cell culture
      bioassay. Good correlations were obtained between the potency obtained by HPLC
      and bioassay in samples stored at 37 degrees C or subjected to different stress
      conditions. No significant decrease in activity of LHRH was observed in aqueous
      solutions stored at 37 degrees C for up to 10 weeks, at 4 degrees C for 2 years,
      or subjected to repeated freezing and thawing for 5 d. Heating to 60 degrees C in
      sterile pH 9.0 buffer up to 11 d and storage at ambient temperature in nonsterile
      solution for 4 months produced well-distinguished degradation products and a
      decrease in potency. It is concluded that sterile aqueous solutions of LHRH are
      stable for at least 10 weeks at 37 degrees C and, thus, could be reliably used
      for chronic administration when long-term stability at body temperature is
      important.

PMID- 6376772
TI  - [Development of neurophysiology in Japan brought by introduction of
      microelectrodes].

PMID- 6376773
TI  - Simplified method for fabricating a prong denture for atrophic maxillae.
AB  - A simpler technique for fabricating a prong denture has been described. The prong
      denture was placed in the mouth of a patient with an atrophic maxilla, who was
      suffering from ALS, a disabling motor disease. The patient was unable to manage a
      conventional denture. With the insertion of a prong denture, the patient
      experienced greatly increased retention and function of his maxillary prosthesis
      and a more favorable attitude toward himself and his disease.

PMID- 6376774
TI  - Internal channel vents for posterior complete crowns.

PMID- 6376775
TI  - Clinical evaluation of cast metal resin-bonded anterior fixed partial dentures.

PMID- 6376776
TI  - The effectiveness of pins with complete cast metal crowns.

PMID- 6376778
TI  - Anterior pontic design: a logical progression.
AB  - The fixed partial denture with multiple pontics can be enhanced by the
      elimination of embrasures between pontics while basic adherence to established
      design concepts is maintained. Continuing clinical observations are indicated.

PMID- 6376777
TI  - Silver-plated dies. Part II: Marginal accuracy of cast restorations.
AB  - This laboratory study simulated actual clinical crown fabrication. Crowns were
      finished to the point of clinical delivery with stone and silver-plated dies made
      from representatives of the four major groups of elastomers. A clinically
      acceptable technique for judging crown margin accuracy was used, and numerical
      scores were assessed. Scores were analyzed statistically to compare die types,
      materials used, and types of discrepancies. Results of this study indicate the
      following information about the materials tested. The marginal accuracy of crowns
      fabricated on the silver-plated dies is statistically as accurate as that of
      crowns fabricated on stone dies in all cases and significantly more accurate in
      some instances. Silver-plated dies fabricated from Reprosil produced more
      accurate crowns than all other dies tested. Acceptable crown margins were
      obtainable from either stone or silver-plated dies when judged by clinical
      criteria. Silver-plated dies can be used without compromising crown margin
      accuracy.

PMID- 6376779
TI  - Cyanoacrylate veneer facing: an alternate approach.
AB  - The copolymerization of methacrylate and cyanoacrylate has been reviewed. The
      adhesive property of the cyanoacrylate added to the acrylic polymer has the
      advantage of being a facing repair material.

PMID- 6376780
TI  - Intracoronal reinforcement and coronal coverage: a study of endodontically
      treated teeth.

PMID- 6376781
TI  - Effect of post preparation on the apical seal.
AB  - Apical leakage was analyzed quantitatively in extracted teeth with varied levels
      of remaining gutta-percha. The effect of the method of gutta-percha removal on
      the apical seal was also evaluated. Ninety teeth were prepared so that 30 teeth
      had 3 mm of gutta-percha, 30 teeth had 5 mm, and 30 teeth had 7 mm. An additional
      75 teeth were divided into three groups of 25 each. A different method of gutta
      percha removal was used for each group: hot instrument, mechanical rotary
      instrument, and chemical solvent. An electrochemical method was used to analyze
      apical microleakage. Measurements of leakage of each sample were obtained at 24
      hour intervals for 30 days. The data suggest that the mechanical method is the
      most desirable for gutta-percha removal in post preparation. As the level of
      gutta-percha increased to 7 mm the degree of leakage decreased. At least 5 mm of
      gutta-percha is necessary for an adequate apical seal.

PMID- 6376782
TI  - Evaluation of reversible hydrocolloid impression material in a wet field.

PMID- 6376783
TI  - Report of the Committee on Scientific Investigation of the American Academy of
      Restorative Dentistry.

PMID- 6376785
TI  - A method to make resin copings safely.

PMID- 6376784
TI  - Boxing technique with adjustable polyvinylchloride rings.
AB  - This technique offers the simplicity and convenience of an adjustable reusable
      ring with the flexibility of a plaster-cornstarch boxing medium to achieve
      consistently high-quality master casts.

PMID- 6376786
TI  - A technique for manipulation of small lengths of stick modeling compound.

PMID- 6376787
TI  - The role of specialists and general practitioners in provision of prosthodontic
      services.

PMID- 6376788
TI  - Purification of Eimeria sporozoites by DE-52 anion exchange chromatography.
AB  - An anion exchange column of DE-52 has been used to purify Eimeria sporozoites
      from a post- excystation mixture of oocysts, oocyst shells, sporocysts, sporocyst
      shells, and sporozoites. The mean recovery from several experiments was 94% and
      virtually all non-sporozoite material was removed. Infectivity studies in vitro
      with sporozoites showed that they were viable after purification and were at
      least as infectious as the unpurified sporozoites; furthermore, oocysts in the
      crude preparation could be recovered from the DE-52 cellulose by resuspending
      them in a 20% (w/v) sodium chloride solution.

PMID- 6376789
TI  - The ecology of antigenic variation.
AB  - A detailed molecular analysis using recombinant DNA technologies is extremely
      important to our understanding of the phenomena of antigenic variation in the
      African trypanosomes; however, by itself, it may not completely explain antigenic
      variation as it occurs in vivo. Several laboratories have demonstrated the
      ability of one variant population to replace another in vivo as well as the
      presence of heterogeneous populations of trypanosomes within an individual
      animal. These two phenomena do not permit us to explain antigen variation solely
      on the basis of the molecular regulation of variant antigen expression. In
      addition to studies in molecular biology, it will be necessary to define clearly
      the differences in growth rates of variant populations and the role of
      competition between these variants in a single anatomical site. It will also be
      necessary to determine the influence of various physiological environments on
      growth rates and the competition between the different variants of a single
      repertoire. It is concluded that the phenomenon of antigenic variation is a
      complex problem in ecology and population dynamics as well as molecular
      regulation. This paper is designated to examine a variety of the ecological
      parameters presumably involved in antigenic variation.

PMID- 6376791
TI  - Taxonomy and review of the coccidian genus Cryptosporidium (protozoa,
      apicomplexa).
AB  - Reports of Cryptosporidium in various hosts and cross-transmission experiments
      are reviewed. Cryptosporidium has been found in mammals (Primates, Artiodactyla,
      Perissodactyla , Carnivora, Lagomorpha, and Rodentia), birds, reptiles, and fish.
      The only cross-transmission attempts that have been made have been from mammals
      to other mammals and to a few birds. Names have been given to 19 "species," but
      it is concluded that only four of these should be considered valid at present.
      These are: C. muris Tyzzer, 1907 in mammals, C. meleagridis Slavin , 1955 in
      birds, C. crotali Triffit , 1925 in reptiles, and C. nasorum Hoover , Hoerr ,
      Carlton , Hinsman & Ferguson, 1981 in fish.

PMID- 6376790
TI  - The surface of the African trypanosomes.
AB  - The African trypanosomes bear on the outside of their cell membrane a single 10
      15 nm thick coat of a glycoprotein. This glycoprotein may differ in structure in
      the predominant populations of parasitemic waves found in relapsing infections.
      Variant Specific Glycoprotein (VSG) range in MW between 53,000-63,000 d and may
      have variable amounts of carbohydrate attached at one, two, or several loci. Such
      differences in carbohydrate content may account in part for their range in
      molecular size. Approximately 30 C-terminal residues demonstrate isotypy ; i.e.
      these regions fall into classes having similar amino acid sequence. Modest
      homology has been demonstrated in two VSGs of T. congolense arising in relapsing
      infections although comparison of many VSG show little or no obvious homology.
      More recently, lipid-associated forms of VSG have been described and it is
      believed that these forms may be transmembrane proteins. Different VSGs appear to
      have different amounts of the primary sequence which have alpha-helix-forming
      potential. In some VSG, in excess of 80% of the structure is helical as judged by
      both Chou-Fasman calculations and by circular dichroism. This raises the
      possibility that different VSG may have different folding patterns. The
      arrangement of VSG on the trypanosome surface probably places the basic amino
      acid-rich carbohydrate-bearing C-terminus of the polypeptide chain close to the
      membrane. There is some protein-protein association between VSGs for which (in T.
      evansi) the C-terminal tail is not required. The importance of VSG structure lies
      not only in the fact that the molecule mediates the phenomenon of antigenic
      variation but also in the recent observation that VSG may act on the cellular
      immune system to suppress the humoral immune responses of the host.

PMID- 6376792
TI  - Are pinch grafts of historical interest only?

PMID- 6376794
TI  - Medical services at Chatham Dockyard 1625-1984.

PMID- 6376793
TI  - Farewell to the SBA.

PMID- 6376795
TI  - Changes in cholesterol and phospholipids level of albino rats following whole
      body gamma irradiation with sublethal doses.

PMID- 6376796
TI  - Introduction of Dr. James M. Dunning, second recipient of the John W. Knutson
      Distinguished Service Award in Dental Public Health.

PMID- 6376797
TI  - How effective is acupuncture in the management of pain?

PMID- 6376798
TI  - Genetic effects on quantitative variation in serologically detected H-Y antigen.
AB  - We have examined effects of an autosomal gene on the expression of serologically
      detectable H-Y, a male-specific minor histocompatibility antigen for which a role
      in primary sex determination has been postulated. Quantitative immunoabsorption
      studies using three different male specific antisera revealed variation in the
      level of H-Y among inbred mouse strains and mice bearing variants of the T/t
      complex. Two patterns of expression in inbred strains were observed; high,
      C57BL/6J (B6) and low, which included A/J (A), C3H/ DiSn and DBA/2J. In F1
      hybrids between A (female parent) and B6 (male parent), the F1 expressed H-Y
      levels indistinguishable from A, the low parent. Among T/t complex variants, mice
      bearing T or t0 showed high expression whereas those of the t12 haplotype showed
      low expression. The co-segregation of H-Y expression types with these T/t complex
      variants provided further evidence for the location of a gene determining the
      level of H-Y antigen on the proximal portion of chromosome 17.

PMID- 6376800
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis and membranous glomerulonephritis: a role for immune complex
      dissociative techniques.
AB  - Although controversial, several reports have linked rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
      with membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN). In none of these studies was an
      infectious etiology such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) thoroughly pursued. We
      evaluated a patient with classic RA and MGN unassociated with nephrotoxic drugs.
      Although negative by routine serological methods, hepatitis B surface antigen was
      eventually demonstrated in the serum, using immune complex dissociative
      techniques, and in the renal glomeruli, using tissue immunofluorescence. A review
      of the literature provides no conclusive evidence for a causal relationship of RA
      to MGN. The renal pathogenic potential of HBV, however, is well documented.
      Future use of immune complex dissociative techniques and tissue
      immunofluorescence may be of value in clarifying otherwise unexplained MGN in the
      setting of RA.

PMID- 6376799
TI  - A systematic survey of HLA-A,B,C and D antigens and drug toxicity in rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - One hundred sixty-two consecutive patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were
      studied for possible association between HLA antigens, particularly DR antigens,
      and disease characteristics and adverse reactions to gold or D-penicillamine
      treatment. The frequency of HLA-DR4 was significantly increased: 62% in RA
      compared to 23% in controls. An association of HLA-DR4 with a positive family
      history for RA was also found. HLA-DR4 was not associated with subcutaneous
      nodules or keratoconjunctivitis, presence of rheumatoid factor, or ANA
      positivity. No increased prevalence of HLA-DR3 was found in patients who
      developed drug related toxicity (e.g., proteinuria for gold or D-penicillamine).
      Of the 27 patients in whom proteinuria developed, only 5 were DR3 positive. A
      significant association with D-penicillamine induced proteinuria and HLA-B8 gene
      was found. Our results obtained in a systematic survey do not confirm previous
      reports of a significant association between HLA-DR3 and drug toxicity, but
      confirm the association between HLA-DR4 and the development of RA and HLA-B8 and
      D-penicillamine induced proteinuria.

PMID- 6376801
TI  - Effect of the calcium channel blocker nifedipine on Raynaud's phenomenon. A
      controlled double blind trial.
AB  - Eighteen patients with Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) of various etiologies completed
      a 10-week double blind parallel trial of the calcium channel blocker nifedipine
      (n = 10) versus placebo (n = 8). Patients on nifedipine were found to have had
      significant reduction of the number of episodes of RP but there were no
      differences in the intensity of episodes in patients taking nifedipine between
      the 1st and 6th visits nor between the nifedipine and placebo patient groups.
      Nifedipine seems to be helpful in the management of RP and was effective for the
      duration of this study.

PMID- 6376802
TI  - Lymphocyte transformation responses to gram negative bacteria after Yersinia and
      Salmonella infection: the importance of enterobacterial common antigen for the
      response.
AB  - Increased lymphocyte transformation (LT) responses have been observed in Yersinia
      infections both against the causative bacterium and against other enterobacteria.
      The responses of patients with reactive arthritis are lower than those of non
      arthritic patients. We have now studied the LT responses against several gram
      negative bacteria and against a pair of enterobacterial common antigen (ECA)
      positive and ECA negative Salmonella typhimurium strains in patients after
      Yersinia or Salmonella infection. The haptenic ECA alone seemed not to be
      responsible for the increased LT responses. We conclude that some other common
      antigenic determinants present on the bacteria are responsible for the LT
      response.

PMID- 6376803
TI  - Olecranon bursitis and bacteremia due to Serratia marcescens.

PMID- 6376804
TI  - Diagnosis of aortic arch syndrome by digital subtraction angiography.

PMID- 6376805
TI  - Renal transplantation in scleroderma.

PMID- 6376806
TI  - Connective tissue disease can develop in rats either spontaneously or after total
      lymphoid irradiation.

PMID- 6376807
TI  - Dental education in Europe.

PMID- 6376808
TI  - Rider Haggard and smallpox.

PMID- 6376809
TI  - Isotype and antigen analysis of immune complexes isolated from the sera of heart
      transplant recipients.
AB  - Serial isotype analysis of circulating immune complexes in heart transplant
      recipients treated with heterologous antithymocyte globulin or cyclosporin A
      showed a predominance of IgM and IgA antibodies. Kinetic data showed that the
      proportion of IgM immune complexes tended to rise over the first six weeks post
      transplant, while that of IgG complexes fell. The contribution from IgA complexes
      to the total showed no discernible temporal directionality. Serum immunoglobulin
      determinations also showed significant elevations, and these were found to be
      associated with bacterial or viral infections. The immune complexes were isolated
      from patients' sera by chromatographic methods, dissociated in acid, then
      analysed for the presence of specific antigens. The results showed that the
      immune complexes contained antigenic material reactive with antibodies to equine
      IgG and herpes simplex virus type I. Specific detection of viral/anti-viral
      immune complexes may be useful in indicating the presence of sub-clinical
      infection.

PMID- 6376810
TI  - Antigen specific macrophage-lymphocyte interaction in lepromatous leprosy.
AB  - Peripheral blood derived macrophages from lepromatous leprosy patients were
      unable to interact with lymphocytes in the presence of M. leprae. This lack of
      interaction is probably not associated with membrane HLA-Dr antigens since
      trypsin and colchicine restored M. leprae induced depression in the latter but
      were unable to bring about a positive interaction. Two possible defects exist
      therefore in the lepromatous macrophage. These are an innate inability to process
      and present M. leprae antigens to lymphocytes and an induced inability to express
      some membrane receptors, an event detrimental to the normal functioning of a
      macrophage.

PMID- 6376811
TI  - Ethanol, an efficient coolant for rapid freezing of biological material.
AB  - Supercooled ethanol was used for freeze-quenching protozoan samples and gave
      reasonable ultrastructural preservation. The use of ethanol as a coolant has
      considerable advantages in terms of its relative safety, high cooling efficiency
      and low cost when compared with other coolants currently used for freeze
      quenching.

PMID- 6376812
TI  - Impregnation of biological material by ZnI2-OSO4, KI-OSO4 and NaI-OSO4 mixtures
      for electron microscopic observations: chemical interpretation of the reaction.
AB  - Alkaline iodide-osmium tetroxide mixtures were used in an electron microscopic
      study of plant cells and gave better results in the preservation of the cell
      structure in contrast to the cell structure observed when ZnI2-OSO4 mixtures are
      used. The electron density observed in the reactive sites of the cell by OSO4
      iodide mixtures is controlled by the presence and oxidation state of iodine that
      acts as a regulator of the potential redox of the reaction of OSO4 with the
      biological material.

PMID- 6376813
TI  - The president speaking.

PMID- 6376814
TI  - Forward--the only way.

PMID- 6376815
TI  - Ozone: an overview of its toxicity in man and animals.
AB  - Ozone is one of the most toxic and ubiquitous air pollutants. This review focuses
      on the toxic effects of ozone in animals and on the similarities and
      disimilarities between the toxic effects in animals and humans. The molecular
      basis for the toxicity of ozone is discussed, based on the vigorous oxidizing
      properties of ozone. Despite the existence of anatomical differences between
      human, subhuman primate, and dog lungs versus common experimental rodent lungs,
      the anatomical lesion of ozone inhalation occurs at the functionally equivalent
      site of the junction between the conducting airway and the respiratory region.
      Ciliated cells of the upper airways and the type 1 cell of the centriacinar
      region are most affected. Type 2 cell proliferation is a hallmark of ozone
      toxicity. A wide variety of biochemical and physiological changes have been noted
      in several animal species and in humans. Considerable evidence for a free-radical
      mediated or lipid peroxide-mediated toxicity is evident, especially in the
      induction of the glutathione peroxidase system and the protective effects of
      vitamins C and E. Ozone appears to be a weak mutagen and to produce chromosomal
      abnormalities. Defects in defense against airborne infection are present in
      animals, which are more susceptible to airborne infection after ozone exposure.
      Epidemiological studies, however, fail to detect increased respiratory infections
      in humans due to ozone. Despite the variety of toxic effects, few qualitative
      differences between species are apparent; rather, quantitative differences do
      occur. Ozone may thus be an ideal compound for quantitative extrapolation of
      toxicity from animals to humans.

PMID- 6376816
TI  - Toxicological data on NOx: an overview.
AB  - This overview is based on experimental and epidemiological studies of NOx
      toxicity during the past decade. Approximately 130 published studies are cited
      and about one-fourth of these are discussed briefly under one of the following
      headings: acute and subacute studies, chronic low-level studies, human studies,
      and special studies. The latter section examines a selection of comparatively
      unique investigations, including several devoted to the pulmonary uptake and
      retention of NO2, and several examining the potential tumorigenicity of NO2. For
      each major section of the overview, a critical evaluation is attempted in terms
      of the impact of the appropriate studies on the extant NOx toxicological data
      base and on the current and planned air quality standards for NOx.

PMID- 6376817
TI  - Respiratory function responses of animals and man to oxidant gases and to
      pulmonary emphysema.
AB  - Data on the respiratory functional responses of animals and humans to inhaled
      oxidant gases and to pulmonary emphysema were reviewed and compared. Comparisons
      included responses to short-term inhalation of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and
      oxygen and the functional manifestations of chronic emphysema. The comparisons
      illustrated that animals and humans have qualitatively similar functional
      responses to the irritant, bronchoconstrictive, and sensitizing effects of
      acutely inhaled ozone and nitrogen dioxide. Animals and humans responded
      similarly to the inflammatory and edematous effects of inhaled oxygen. Similar
      changes in maximal expiratory flow-volume curves, pressure-volume curves, lung
      volumes, and alveolar-capillary gas exchange occurred in animals and humans with
      emphysema. These results suggest that similar respiratory functional changes
      occur in both animals and humans when similar morphological changes result from
      lung injury. This observation lends confidence to the use of laboratory animals
      in studies to predict the effects of long-term exposure of humans to inhaled
      oxidant gases.

PMID- 6376818
TI  - Early metabolic changes in response to lung injury: extrapolation from animals to
      humans.
AB  - The pulmonary capillary endothelium provides a nonthrombogenic, semipermeable
      barrier between pulmonary blood and tissues. In recent years, particular
      attention has been focused on the ability of these cells to metabolize a variety
      of circulating biologically active substances either by interiorizing the
      substance through specific membrane transport processes or by directly altering
      the substance by way of enzymatic activity at the plasma membrane. Serotonin,
      norepinephrine, and several prostaglandins are examples of biologically active
      substances that are removed from the circulation by the pulmonary endothelium by
      way of specific transmembrane transport processes. Concomitant with the increased
      interest in metabolic functions of the pulmonary endothelium, there has been a
      growing awareness of the central role of endothelial cell abnormalities in the
      pathogenesis of various lung injuries and disease states. During the past several
      years, considerable evidence has accumulated in support of the hypothesis that
      alterations in the metabolic functions of the lung provide a method of detecting
      lung injury in vivo, and tests of the metabolic functions of the lung have
      progressed from in vitro systems to animal models to humans. This paper reviews
      some of the evidence responsible for this progression and discusses some of the
      limitations inherent in the extrapolation of lung metabolism studies from animal
      models to humans. In this discussion, particular emphasis is placed on the
      pulmonary uptake and metabolism of serotonin, norepinephrine, and prostaglandins
      E and F by mammalian lungs.

PMID- 6376819
TI  - In vitro systems for exposure of lung cells to NO2 and O3.
AB  - In vitro studies of the effects of NO2 and O3 require development of methods for
      separation and culture of those lung cells that experience in vivo exposure, and
      also the design and construction of systems for controlled exposure of the cells
      to known concentrations of the gases. Separation of lung cell types has been
      accomplished by enzymatic dispersal of lung tissue and centrifugation of the
      mixed cells on media of various densities in order to separate the cells on the
      basis of buoyant density or sedimentation rate. The application of centrifugal
      elutriation has enabled separation of type II alveolar cells and Clara cells with
      a high degree of purity. Alveolar macrophages and endothelial cells have also
      been obtained in good yield. Exposure of cultured cells to test atmospheres
      requires precise control of pollutant levels, close contact of cells and gas
      without an intervening layer of medium, capability for prolonged exposure, and
      maintenance of sterile conditions, so that recovered cells can be cultured
      further or studied for other biological activity. Systems which meet these
      criteria include roller bottle cultures, petri dish cultures on rocker platforms,
      cell cultures on cellulose filters fed by perfusion of medium from the side
      opposite the cells, and cells grown in dishes with gas-permeable film bottoms.
      Systems that rely on solution of the gases in the overlaying medium do not
      resemble exposure conditions in vivo, and may not be suitable for studying
      effects of the poorly soluble oxidant gases. The cell exposure systems have not
      been used extensively for studies of the effects of pollutants on freshly
      isolated specific lung cell types. Such studies should be encouraged.

PMID- 6376820
TI  - An assessment of animal models for testing the effect of photochemical oxidants
      on pulmonary susceptibility to bacterial infection.

PMID- 6376821
TI  - Oxidant-induced enhanced sensitivity to infection in animal models and their
      extrapolations to man.
AB  - Animal studies have provided the toxicologist with useful and scientifically
      sound information indicating that exposure to oxidant gases can alter the
      functioning of the host's normal pulmonary defense system, resulting in an
      increased risk to infectious disease. Since the basic mechanisms of action of the
      human and the animal pulmonary defenses are similar, it is reasonable to relate
      these animal's biological responses to human exposures. This paper examines the
      possibility of quantitatively extrapolating such animal dose-response data to
      humans.

PMID- 6376822
TI  - Interspecies comparisons of particle deposition and mucociliary clearance in
      tracheobronchial airways.
AB  - Inhaled insoluble particles that deposit along normal healthy tracheobronchial
      airways of humans and other mammals are transported on the proximally moving
      mucous lining to the larynx, where they are swallowed. The transit time from the
      most distal ciliated airways varies from 0.1 to 1 d, with each individual having
      a relatively constant, characteristic time. The exact time course of clearance
      depends on the distributions of both particle deposition and mucus velocities
      along the airways. There are too few data on intrabronchial deposition and
      mucociliary transport rates for laboratory animals to permit a thorough
      intercomparison among species. However, enough is known about the relative lung
      sizes and anatomical differences among the various species to make some
      preliminary, but important, distinctions. As compared to commonly used
      experimental animals, humans have larger lungs and a more symmetric upper
      bronchial airway branching pattern. In addition, humans do considerable oral
      breathing, thus bypassing the effective air cleaning capability of the nasal
      airways. These differences contribute to a greater amount of upper bronchial
      airway particle deposition in humans, as well as to greater concentrations of
      deposition on localized surfaces near airway bifurcations. Airborne irritants
      that deposit in small ciliated airways may produce marked changes in mucociliary
      transport. Such materials include cigarette smoke, submicrometer-sized sulfuric
      acid mist, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone. For cigarette smoke and sulfuric acid,
      which have been studied for transient effects following single brief exposures in
      both humans and animals, the responses are similar. Upon repetitive exposures in
      animals, both of these irritants produce persistant alterations in clearance
      rates and airway morphometry. Studies of the effects of ozone on mucociliary
      clearance have, up to now, been limited to tests of the responses of rats to
      single exposures. The similarities between the known effects of various irritants
      suggests a nonspecific response.

PMID- 6376823
TI  - Similarities of host defense mechanisms against pulmonary infectious diseases in
      animals and man.
AB  - Evidence linking exposure to air pollutants with increased susceptibility to
      infectious diseases in humans comes from epidemiological, clinical, and
      experimental laboratory studies. The data suggest that the most common, and
      perhaps the most sensitive, index of the pulmonary effect of air pollutant
      exposure is on post upper respiratory infection, prolonged cough, phlegm, and
      purulent sputum. Experimental models of these relationships for extrapolation to
      humans should be able to measure such minor changes in symptomatology and
      physiology rather than require major lethal events. The bacterial aerosol model
      for quantifying nonspecific defense mechanisms of the bronchopulmonary tree
      utilizing nonpathogenic organisms fulfills this criterion. The function of the
      six major components of pulmonary antimicrobial defense mechanisms--including
      aerodynamic filtration, secretory respiratory tract fluid, fluid transport at the
      alveolar and bronchial levels, the phagocytic function of alveolar macrophages,
      the augmenting mechanisms of blood-derived inflammatory cells, and the secretory
      and cellular-specific immune mechanisms and their mediator products--can all be
      quantified by this experimental animal model system. The defensive functions are
      remarkably similar across animal species, and available human data suggest that
      findings obtained using the model may be extrapolated to humans.

PMID- 6376824
TI  - The impact of feeding patterns on infant mortality in a nineteenth century
      Swedish parish.

PMID- 6376825
TI  - Current concepts of antimicrobial therapy--2.

PMID- 6376826
TI  - Influence of acute tubular necrosis on first cadaver kidney transplant function.
AB  - Prolonged cold storage following intracellular electrolyte flushing increases the
      probability of significant acute tubular necrosis after cadaver kidney
      transplantation. The renal function of primary cadaver kidney grafts was compared
      in 68 recipients who required dialysis and 92 who did not require dialysis during
      the first week after transplantation. All kidneys were retrieved from beating
      heart cadaver donors by our center, flushed with ice-cold intracellular
      electrolyte solution and cold-stored until transplantation at our hospital.
      Recipients requiring dialysis during the first week after transplantation
      received kidneys with a significantly longer cold storage time (27.4 plus or
      minus 10.2 versus 23.2 plus or minus 7.6 hours) and had significantly higher 1
      month serum creatinine nadirs (2.1 plus or minus 1.3 versus 1.5 plus or minus 0.6
      mg./dl.). Actuarial kidney graft survivals and serum creatinine levels 1 to 5
      years after grafting were not significantly different. Acute tubular necrosis
      following primary cadaver kidney transplantation does not adversely affect long
      term function of kidney grafts flushed with intracellular electrolyte solution
      and cold-stored until transplantation.

PMID- 6376827
TI  - Adjuvant chemotherapy of superficial transitional cell bladder carcinoma:
      preliminary results of a European organization for research on treatment of
      cancer. Randomized trial comparing doxorubicin hydrochloride, ethoglucid and
      transurethral resection alone.
AB  - Patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were entered
      in a randomized clinical trial to compare the efficacies of transurethral
      resection alone or followed by bladder instillation of doxorubicin hydrochloride
      or ethoglucid (Epodyl) for 1 year. Results showed that adjuvant chemotherapy with
      the selected drugs prolonged the mean interval between recurrences. Mild systemic
      toxicity and chemical cystitis were observed in 3 and 3 per cent, respectively,
      of the patients given ethoglucid, and in 5 and 4 per cent, respectively, of those
      taking doxorubicin.

PMID- 6376828
TI  - "Urethrolithotomy": an ingenious approach of the ancients.
AB  - A major postoperative complication of the surgical removal of urethral calculi is
      formation of a fistula. Celsus, a Roman medical author living around the turn of
      the millennium, discussed a procedure for removing such stones that all but
      eliminated this complication. Preoperatively, the flaccid skin of the penis is
      pulled distally and bound in an advanced position with a ligature, as the penis
      itself is pushed proximally. Incisions are made ventrally into the penis and
      urethra. The stone can then be removed and the ligature cut, allowing the penile
      skin to assume its natural position. The effect of this procedure is to avoid 2
      overlying incisions, greatly reducing the chance for fistula formation. Today the
      2 incisions mentioned by Celsus would be closed with sutures, although in his
      time the wounds were left open and allowed to heal spontaneously.

PMID- 6376829
TI  - Effect of ammonium on bacterial adherence to bladder transitional epithelium.
AB  - The virulence of urease-producing bacteria depends on the ability of urease to
      degrade urea into ammonia and thereby to alkalinize the urine. Infections caused
      by urease-producing organisms such as Proteus mirabilis are particularly
      difficult to manage clinically. We have shown that the layer of
      glycosaminoglycans at the bladder surface protects against infection by blocking
      the adherence of bacteria to the epithelium. To determine whether urease
      producing urinary pathogens owe their virulence in part to an ability to
      inactivate the protective effect of the glycosaminoglycan layer, we tested the
      ability of ammonium chloride to alter bacterial adherence to the normal vesical
      mucosa. We used an in vivo adherence assay that we have described previously in
      rabbits. Control animals received sodium chloride adjusted to the same pH as the
      ammonium chloride. We found that 0.25 M ammonium chloride significantly increases
      bacterial adherence to normal vesical mucosa as compared to adherence in controls
      receiving 0.25 M sodium chloride (p less than 0.05). These data suggest that
      urease plays a hitherto undescribed role in bacterial virulence by altering the
      antiadherence activity of the glycosaminoglycan layer present at the transitional
      cell surface.

PMID- 6376830
TI  - Release of arachidonate cascade products by the rabbit bladder;
      neurophysiological significance?
AB  - The endogenous production of prostaglandins and thromboxane A2 by the rabbit
      urinary bladder was assessed by radioimmunoassay in a relatively intact system
      and in the absence of substrate. PGE2 and PGI2 (prostacyclin) were the main
      prostaglandins released whereas PGF2 alpha ratio of 5:1 and a PGI2 to PGF2 alpha
      ratio of 3:1 were observed. This qualitative pattern was independent of bladder
      area. In addition, prostaglandin release by the bladder body was significantly
      greater than by the bladder base at all incubation times. The physiological
      implications of these experimental observations are discussed.

PMID- 6376831
TI  - Decrease in rabbit bladder mucosal glycoprotein after oophorectomy.
AB  - Hormonal manipulation has been shown to result in less efficient bladder
      clearance of bacteria. We describe the use of a double antibody technique to
      semiquantitatively demonstrate the diminution of bladder glycoproteins from the
      transitional epithelium in oophorectomized rabbits. Rabbit bladder glycoprotein
      was isolated and used to immunize Swiss-Webster mice. Bladders of normal and
      oophorectomized rabbits were sequentially stained with mouse antirabbit sera and
      fluoresceinated goat antimouse antibody. A significant loss of bladder epithelial
      glycoprotein was evident in oophorectomized rabbits as compared to controls. This
      study, utilizing a semiquantitative immunologic staining technique, suggests an
      intact glycoprotein layer is important in the bladder defense mechanism.

PMID- 6376832
TI  - Abscesses in a free-ranging bison in Alaska.

PMID- 6376833
TI  - Esophageal bougienage in symptomatic patients with the nutcracker esophagus. A
      primary esophageal motility disorder.
AB  - A wide variety of therapies have been suggested for patients with painful
      esophageal motility disorders. In a prospective, double-blind, cross-over
      clinical trial, we evaluated the effectiveness of mercury bougienage ("placebo,"
      24 F; "therapeutic," 54 F) in eight symptomatic patients with the nutcracker
      esophagus (NE). There were no significant differences between the placebo or
      therapeutic dilators in relation to chest pain, dysphagia, lower esophageal
      sphincter pressure, or amplitude. Chest pain scores after completion of this
      trial were significantly lower than baseline scores, irrespective of the sequence
      of dilators used. No subjective or objective improvement could be demonstrated
      when "therapeutic bougienage" was compared with "placebo bougienage" in patients
      with the NE. The improvement in symptoms at the completion of the study may
      result from the close physician-patient interaction, suggesting that this may be
      more important than the actual size of the bougie.

PMID- 6376834
TI  - Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet.

PMID- 6376835
TI  - Landmark article May 1, 1967: Infectious hepatitis. Evidence for two distinctive
      clinical, epidemiological, and immunological types of infection. By Saul Krugman,
      Joan P. Giles, and Jack Hammond.

PMID- 6376836
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Imported malaria among travelers--United States.

PMID- 6376838
TI  - Ovide Decroly.

PMID- 6376837
TI  - Effects of endurance training on glucose tolerance and plasma lipid levels in
      older men and women.
AB  - Eleven healthy men and women (63 +/- 1 years) participated in a 12-month
      endurance-training program to determine the effects of low-intensity and high
      intensity training on glucose tolerance and plasma lipids in older persons.
      Plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide concentrations were measured for three
      hours after ingestion of 100 g of glucose and the total areas under the
      respective curves were calculated. Total plasma lipids and lipoprotein
      concentrations were determined during fasting. Maximal oxygen uptake increased
      12% during six months of low-intensity training; a further 18% increase occurred
      during an additional six months of high-intensity training. Glucose tolerance,
      which was normal initially, was not significantly changed after training.
      However, the total area for insulin was 8% lower after low-intensity training,
      and 23% lower after high-intensity training, compared with before training. C
      peptide concentrations were similarly reduced. Plasma lipid and lipoprotein
      concentrations were unchanged after low-intensity training, but high-intensity
      training resulted in an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and a
      reduction in triglycerides. These results demonstrate that older persons respond
      to prolonged, high-intensity endurance training with an increase in sensitivity
      to insulin and a favorable alteration in their plasma lipoprotein-lipid profile.

PMID- 6376839
TI  - Landmark article Aug 5, 1968: A definition of irreversible coma. Report of the Ad
      Hoc Committee of the Harvard Medical School to examine the definition of brain
      death.

PMID- 6376840
TI  - Landmark perspective: A new look at death.

PMID- 6376841
TI  - Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia: a clinical model for the study of
      chronic ventricular tachycardia.
AB  - Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) is a recently individualised
      clinical entity which sometimes presents with episodes of ventricular tachycardia
      (VT). These attacks may be resistant to anti-arrhythmic therapy and new
      therapeutic approaches have been developed for the treatment of this condition.
      These new methods are mainly surgical, based on the analysis of the electrical
      activation of the heart in sinus rhythm and during VT. This approach has
      increased our understanding of the physiopathology of VT, not only in the context
      of ARVD, but also in the most commonly encountered clinical setting of VT, after
      myocardial infarction. Electrophysiological study of the epicardial activation of
      the dysplastic zones has demonstrated the presence of delayed potentials recorded
      after the end of the QRS complex. This can be explained by the histopathology of
      these tissues. ARVD is characterised histologically by partial degeneration of
      the myocardial wall. Most of the muscle fibers are replaced by fatty tissue in
      the middle of which some healthy fibers survive. These changes are mainly
      observed in the intramyocardial and subepicardial layers, the subendocardium
      being almost normal. Strands of isolated muscle fibers within the non-conducting
      fatty degeneration may lead to very delayed activation with respect to the
      adjacent healthy tissues. The propagation of activation is delayed as it passes
      through this plexiform structure and in the zones adjacent to healthy muscle were
      reentry phenomena may arise. In ARVD, these changes are mainly located over the
      right ventricle, so explaining the right ventricular origin of most forms of VT
      observed in this condition. However, we have also observed a case which suggested
      an isolated arrhythmogenic left ventricular dysplasia. Epicardial mapping
      localizes the point of origin of VT in zones situated between the slow and
      normally conducting tissues. Simple ventriculotomy, a full thickness section of
      the ventricular wall, at the point of epicardial breakthrough of the VT prevents
      recurrence in the great majority of patients. The same pathophysiological
      concepts may be applied to VT complicating myocardial infarction but in this
      situation the myocardial fibers capable of slowly conducting the activation are
      isolated within the fibrous tissue in the border zone of the infarct. The point
      of origin of VT is usually within the interventricular septum with a point of
      epicardial breakthrough which could be located some distance away. Different
      surgical techniques have been developed to deal with this condition. Encircling
      endocardial ventriculotomy isolates the arrhythmogenic zone from the rest of
      healthy tissues by tracin

PMID- 6376842
TI  - Intravenous left ventriculography utilizing digital subtraction technique.
AB  - To detect the left ventricular boundary in the intravenous ventriculography, we
      used a subtraction technique for background suppression. Images containing
      contrast medium and reference mask images were transferred to a computer through
      a flying spot scanner and stored on the digital disc. Stored reference mask
      images were subtracted from the digitized contrast images. The resulting images
      were then electronically enhanced to extract the left ventricular (LV) image. The
      LV boundary was delineated with an algorithm we have developed and the volume of
      the LV cavity was calculated automatically. The validity of this method was
      compared with data obtained from conventional left ventriculogram (LVG). In 11
      patients, values for end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV) and
      ejection fraction (EF) calculated from the intravenous LVG were correlated
      closely with those from the conventional LVG (128 +/- 38 (SD) vs 133 +/- 39 ml, r
      = 0.95; 50 +/- 28 vs 53 +/- 30 ml, r = 0.98; 63 +/- 10 vs 62 +/- 12%, r = 0.96,
      respectively). Nine patients with valvular regurgitation were followed up
      serially after valve replacement. EDV index fell significantly after corrective
      surgery (145 +/- 50 to 81 +/- 33 ml/m2, p less than 0.02), whereas, EF was
      affected variably depending upon the preoperative state (58 +/- 13 to 61 +/- 11%,
      not significant). Thus, this method is less invasive than conventional LVG and
      has successfully allowed for sequential determination of ventricular function on
      an outpatient basis.

PMID- 6376843
TI  - Activation of prokallikrein in the rat kidney by proteases.
AB  - Prokallikrein was activated by trypsin and by alpha-chymotrypsin, but not by
      proteases, such as plasmin, thrombin, urokinase, carboxypeptidase B, papain,
      elastase, pepsin, and cathepsin D. Moreover, rat fresh serum did not activate
      prokallikrein. Maximum activation of prokallikrein by trypsin was obtained at the
      concentration of 10 micrograms to 1 mg per ml in PBS and that by alpha
      chymotrypsin was at the concentration of 5 mg per ml. The enzymic properties of
      trypsin-activated and alpha-chymotrypsin-activated kallikreins were identical
      with those of active kallikrein in the kidney.

PMID- 6376844
TI  - Effects of glucose-insulin-potassium solution on free fatty acid metabolism in
      ischemic myocardium.
AB  - The accumulation of intermediates subsequent to impaired oxidation of free fatty
      acids has been suggested as a cause of cellular damage in ischemic myocardium.
      Many reviews have supported the theory that glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK)
      solution has a beneficial effect on the ischemic myocardium. We evaluated the
      effects of GIK solution on intermediates of free fatty acid metabolism in
      ischemic myocardium. The left coronary artery was occluded for 40 minutes in
      twelve dogs. In six dogs, 10 minutes before coronary artery occlusion, GIK
      solution (50 percent of glucose, 50 units/liter of regular insulin, 50 mEq/liter
      of potassium) was given at the rate of 0.1 ml/kg per minute until the time of
      excision of the heart. In the ischemic area, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level
      in the GIK group (3.80 +/- 1.34 mumole/g) was significantly higher than that in
      the control group (2.04 +/- 0.68, p less than 0.05). The free carnitine level was
      significantly increased was GIK in both ischemic and nonischemic areas (p less
      than 0.05). In the control group, the long chain acyl coenzyme A (CoA) level in
      the ischemic area (23.0 +/- 7.0 nmole/g) was significantly higher than that in
      the nonischemic area (17.1 +/- 3.5, p, less than 0.05). On the other hand, GIK
      prevented the increase in the long chain acyl CoA in the ischemic area (17.8 +/-
      5.6). This study suggests that GIK has a protective effect on ischemic
      myocardium, probably by preventing the accumulation of long chain acyl CoA by
      improving free fatty acid metabolism.

PMID- 6376845
TI  - [Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of ceftazidime in children].
AB  - Forty-two pediatric patients were treated with ceftazidime ( CAZ ) in the doses
      ranging from 45.6 to 120 mg/kg/day for 2 to 10 days, and the clinical efficacy
      and side effects were evaluated. Among the 37 children with bacterial infections
      including pneumonia, bronchitis, tonsillitis, croup, cervical lymphadenitis,
      abdominal abscess and urinary tract infections, the results were excellent in 22,
      good in 12, fair in 2, and poor in 1 patient with pneumonia. Out of the 42
      patients, 5 cases showed eosinophilia, but no clinical sign such as rash, fever
      or diarrhea, attributable to CAZ was observed during the study. The serum
      concentrations of CAZ in 4 patients ranged from 60.8 to 71.0 micrograms/ml (mean
      66.1 micrograms/ml) at 30 minutes and from 0.5 to 1.2 micrograms/ml (mean 0.8
      micrograms/ml) at 8 hours after 20 mg/kg intravenous bolus injection of the
      antibiotic. The mean serum half-life was 1.42 hours (85 minutes). Patients with
      impairment of renal function were excluded from this study.

PMID- 6376846
TI  - [Clinical experience with ceftazidime in the infectious disease of children].
AB  - Thirteen patients mainly with lower respiratory tract infections were treated
      with ceftazidime (CAZ). The drug was given intravenously in a dose of 11
      approximately 34 mg per 1 kg of body weight 2 approximately 3 times per day. The
      clinical response to treatment was satisfactory in 10 patients (76.9%). There was
      no side effects. CAZ appears to be an safe and effective antibiotic for the
      treatment of children with bacterial infections.

PMID- 6376847
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of ceftazidime in the field of pediatrics].
AB  - Clinical responses of ceftazidime (CAZ) in 13 cases of respiratory tract
      infections were excellent in 7 and good in 6, and those in 4 of urinary tract
      infections were excellent in 1 and good in 3. Clinical responses of CAZ in 3
      cases of acute gastroenteritis were good in 1 and fair in 2. CAZ was considered
      to be effective both in respiratory and urinary tract infections; however, CAZ
      did not seem to be very effective clinically in gastrointestinal infections. As
      to side effects, slight elevation of GOT was observed in 3 cases and skin rash in
      1 case, but all these abnormalities were mild and transient.

PMID- 6376848
TI  - [Clinical studies on ceftazidime in the pediatric field].
AB  - Ceftazidime ( CAZ ) is a newly developed cephalosporin. Clinical studies on this
      drug was carried out and the results were as follows. Twenty-nine patients (acute
      purulent tonsillitis 2, acute bronchitis 1, pneumonia 15, acute purulent
      lymphadenitis 2, pyoderma 1, skin abscess 2 and urinary tract infection 6) were
      treated with CAZ in doses of 42-1 mg/kg (mean 59 mg/kg) divided 2-3 times per day
      for 3-10 days (mean 5.7 days) intravenously. The overall efficacy rate was 96.6%.
      As to adverse reaction, drug fever was observed in 1 patient. Abnormal laboratory
      data were noted in 4 cases (elevation of serum GOT, GPT and BUN in 1, elevation
      of serum GOT and GPT in 1, elevation of BUN in 1 and leukopenia in 1).

PMID- 6376849
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies of ceftazidime in the field of pediatrics].
AB  - We have studied ceftazidime (CAZ), a cephem antibiotic of the new generation, for
      its antibacterial activity against H. influenzae and clinical effects.
      Antibacterial activity: MICs of CAZ for 142 strains of H. influenzae including 11
      ABPC-resistant strains which were clinically isolated, were determined, and the
      results were good for all the strains. Clinical effects: CAZ was administered to
      9 children with infections. Suspected causative organisms were H. influenzae, E.
      coli, P. aeruginosa, group B Streptococcus and S. pneumoniae. Eradication of
      these organisms was confirmed in all the strains except for one in which the
      antibacterial effect of CAZ was unknown. Clinical efficacy was excellent or good
      in all the cases. No side effect was observed except for eosinophilia noted in 1
      case.

PMID- 6376850
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of ceftazidime in the treatment of pediatric infections].
AB  - Ceftazidime (CAZ) was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in 31 children. Of
      the 25 confirmed bacterial infections, 23 were cured by the CAZ therapy (efficacy
      rate, 92%). CAZ was assessed as effective in acute pharyngitis with vomiting (4),
      acute laryngitis (1), pneumonia (8), urinary tract infections (5), acute
      gastroenteritis (1), infection accompanying acute leukemia (septicemia suspected)
      (1), acute purulent meningitis (2) and abscess of the lateral cervical cyst (1).
      The main pathogens which responded to CAZ were H. influenzae, S. pyogenes, E.
      coli and P. aeruginosa. As adverse events, mild melena with prolonged prothrombin
      time (1) was found to be associated with the CAZ therapy. Half-life of the CAZ
      serum level was 0.97 +/- 0.10 hours, and urinary excretion was high. Penetration
      into the CSF in 2 cases of acute purulent meningitis was satisfactory. The data
      suggest that CAZ is a safe and effective injectable antibiotic when used in
      children with infections of CAZ-susceptible bacteria including P. aeruginosa.

PMID- 6376851
TI  - [Clinical study on ceftazidime in the field of pediatrics].
AB  - Ceftazidime (CAZ), developed by Glaxo U.K., was used in pediatric patients with
      acute infections, and the following results were obtained. The mean blood
      concentrations of CAZ in 2 children were 142, 70.3, 46.9, 35.7, 16.2, 5.82 and
      2.36 micrograms/ml at 5, 15, 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours, respectively, after
      start of 5 minutes' intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg, with the half-life of 1.25
      hours. CAZ was administered to 19 pediatric patients with acute infections. Out
      of them, 15 patients, i.e., 3 with acute tonsillitis, 1 with acute bronchitis, 5
      with bronchopneumonia, 2 with pertussis accompanying pneumonia, 2 with Salmonella
      enteritis, 1 with impetigo staphylogenes and 1 with subdural abscess, were
      adopted for the evaluation, and the other 4 were excluded from the evaluation
      because of inadequate indications. The efficacy rate in these 15 cases was 93.3%.
      The doses used in 14 out of the evaluated 15 cases ranged from 31 to 50
      mg/kg/day, the frequency of dosing was twice daily in 8 cases and 3 times daily
      in 7 cases. One shot intravenous injection was used in 6 cases, intravenous drip
      infusion in 8, and combination of these, in 1 case. The duration of treatment was
      2 days in 3 cases, 3 days in 3, 4 days in 4, and 5 days in 3 cases. Patients with
      severe infections were generally given large doses for long-term. No clinical
      adverse event was observed in any case. In laboratory examinations, slight
      elevation of S-GPT alone was observed in 1 case. From the above results, CAZ was
      considered to be a highly useful drug in the field of pediatrics.

PMID- 6376852
TI  - [Basic and clinical studies on ceftazidime in the pediatric field].
AB  - Basic and clinical studies were made on ceftazidime (CAZ) in pediatric field, and
      the following results were obtained. The antibacterial activity of CAZ against
      clinically isolated and maintained strains was examined. CAZ was unequivocally
      more active than CEZ and CMZ against Gram-negative rods, with MIC distribution
      similar to that of CTX, except for that for P. aeruginosa. The MIC of CAZ was
      lower than that of CTX for P. aeruginosa. Compared with the MICs of CEZ, CMZ and
      CTX, CAZ showed slightly higher MICs for Gram-positive bacteria. The blood
      concentrations of CAZ, at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours after a one shot
      intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg of CAZ were 64.9, 36.9, 28.3, 14.7, 4.92 and
      2.42 micrograms/ml, respectively, with the half-life of 1.27 hours. The blood
      concentrations of CAZ, at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours after a 1-hour drip
      infusion of 10 mg/kg of CAZ were 16.6, 24.5, 41.4, 17.1, 5.38 and 2.62
      micrograms/ml, respectively, with the half-life of 1.28 hours. The blood
      concentrations of CAZ, at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours after a one shot
      intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg of CAZ were 73.1, 60.8, 39.3, 17.3, 8.23 and
      4.45 micrograms/ml, respectively, with the half-life of 1.42 hours. The blood
      concentrations of CAZ, at 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours after a 1-hour drip infusion
      of 20 mg/kg of CAZ were 55.1, 69.0, 32.1, 11.4 and 4.56 micrograms/ml,
      respectively, with the half-life of 1.27 hours. Urinary recovery rate of CAZ
      during the first 6 hours after a one shot intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg of
      CAZ was 86.7%. CAZ was administered to 17 children with infections, and the
      clinical response was excellent or good in 94%. CAZ was bacteriologically
      effective in 14 patients, all bacteria having been eradicated in them. The
      bacteria were E. coli in 10 patients, H. influenzae in 2, P. aeruginosa in 1 and
      S. pneumoniae in 1. As for side effects, slight elevation in GOT was observed in
      1 case and eosinophilia, in another case.

PMID- 6376853
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies of ceftazidime, a new cephem antibiotic in the
      field of pediatrics].
AB  - Fundamental and clinical studies of ceftazidime (CAZ) were performed, and the
      following results were obtained. MICs of CAZ for E. coli which was recently
      isolated from patients, were less than 1.56 microgram/ml and that for K. oxytoca
      were less than 0.39 micrograms/ml, and that for Salmonella were less than 0.39
      microgram/ml, and that for B. pertussis were less than 0.20 microgram/ml. The
      mean serum levels after the drip infusion at the doses of 20 to 36 mg/kg for 30
      to 60 minutes were between 11.8 and 66.7 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, and the mean
      half-lives (T 1/2) were between 58 and 105 minutes, and the excretion rates in
      urine up to 6 hours were between 86.3 and 96.5%. CAZ was given to 35 pediatric
      patients (include 2 drop cases) by intravenous injection for 4 to 10 days, and
      the total dosage was between 2.4 and 14.5 g. Thirty-three patients with acute
      respiratory tract infections, pertussis and acute urinary tract infections with
      ABPC-resistant E. coli were treated with CAZ by intravenous injection or drip
      infusion. The efficacy rate of excellent + good was 90.9% (30 cases/33 cases) and
      the efficacy rate of excellent + good + fair was 100%. The daily doses of CAZ
      were 50 to 110 mg/kg, given in 2 or 3 divided doses per day. S. pyogenes, S.
      aureus, H. influenzae, B. pertussis and ABPC-resistant E. coli were isolated from
      the culture of sputum or urine in the patients, and they were all eradicated by
      treatment with CAZ. No side effect was observed except for temporary eosinophilia
      in 2 cases and temporary platelets increased in 1 case.

PMID- 6376854
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies on ceftazidime in the field of pediatrics].
AB  - Fundamental and clinical studies were carried out on ceftazidime ( CAZ ), a newly
      synthesized cephalosporin C antibiotic ( CEPs ). The antibacterial activity of
      CAZ was compared with those of CER, CEZ, CMZ and CPZ against clinical isolates of
      S. aureus. S. pyogenes. E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis, and with those
      of GM and CFS against P. aeruginosa. Against S. aureus, the antibacterial
      activity of CER was highest, followed by that of CEZ. The peak MIC after
      inoculation of 100-fold dilution was 0.10 microgram/ml with CER and 0.78
      microgram/ml with CEZ. But in view of the peak MIC of 6.25 micrograms/ml, the
      antibacterial activity of CAZ was inferior to that of CPZ by about 2 tubes. This
      was not surprising, because CAZ was one of the antibiotics in the fifth group of
      CEPs . The CEPs in the fifth group naturally show high antibacterial activity
      against S. pyogenes. CAZ , as expected, inhibited the growth of all the strains
      at the concentration of 0.10 microgram/ml at the inoculation of 100-fold
      dilution. In the gut bacterial flora such as E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P.
      mirabilis, CAZ showed the results almost equal to those of other CEPs in the
      fifth group; the peak MICs of CAZ were 0.20 approximately 0.39, 0.20
      approximately 0.39, 0.10 microgram/ml, respectively, at the inoculation of 100
      fold dilution, which was good results. In P. mirabilis with the undiluted
      inoculation, the result of CAZ was slightly inferior to those of the other CEPs
      in the fifth group previously reported; however, CAZ was prone to be affected by
      inoculum size, and with the inoculation of 100-fold dilution, MIC of CAZ turned
      to be as low as 0.10 microgram/ml. Against P. aeruginosa, CAZ showed the activity
      comparable to that of CFS, the antibiotic considered to have the highest
      antibacterial activity of all CEPs used in Japan. This finding is in accordance
      with the findings reported by other authors. The peak MICs of CAZ were 3.13, 12.5
      microgram/ml at the inoculation of undiluted solution, and from 1.56 to 3.13
      microgram/ml at the inoculation of 100-fold dilution, which were the results
      equal to, or even better than those of GM. The change in blood levels of CAZ was
      studied by one shot intravenous injection and 1 hour intravenous drip
      infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6376856
TI  - [Laboratory and clinical studies on ceftazidime in the field of pediatrics].
AB  - Laboratory and clinical studies on ceftazidime ( CAZ ), a new cephem antibiotic,
      were carried out in the field of pediatrics. The results were as follows:
      Antibacterial activities of CAZ against clinically isolated strains of S.
      pneumoniae, H. influenzae, E. coli and P. aeruginosa were compared with those of
      cefotaxime (CTX), ceftizoxime (CZX), latamoxef ( LMOX ), cefoperazone (CPZ) and
      cefmetazole (CMZ), and also with cefsulodin (CFS) and gentamicin (GM) against P.
      aeruginosa. Against S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae, CAZ was almost as active as
      CTX, CZX and CPZ. Against E. coli, it was almost as active as CTX, CZX and LMOX .
      Against P. aeruginosa, it was almost as active as CFS and GM. Serum
      concentrations and urinary excretion rates after intravenous bolus injection of
      CAZ at doses of 20 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg for 5 minutes in each 2 cases (4 cases in
      total) were determined. The mean serum concentrations of CAZ were 78.9 and 52.0
      micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 38.5 and 27.4 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, and 6.5 and
      4.8 micrograms/ml at 4 hours, with serum half-lives (T 1/2) of 1.39 and 1.80
      hours respectively. Mean cumulative urinary excretion rate within 6 hours after
      administration was 84.6%. In a patient with chronic renal failure, serum half
      life was 3.22 hours and urinary excretion rate within 6 hours was 22.8% (after
      intravenous bolus injection of CAZ at a dose of 10 mg/kg). CAZ was administered
      at a dose of 55.5 mg/kg by intravenous bolus injection to a child with purulent
      meningitis. The levels of CAZ in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at 1 hour after
      administration were 2.7-38.9 micrograms/ml with CSF/Serum ratios of 3.2-28.8%.
      Forty-two pediatric patients with various bacterial infections (pyelonephritis
      14, tonsillitis 1, bronchopneumonia 3, pneumonia 17, purulent meningitis 1,
      bacteremia 2, SSSS 1, enterocolitis 3) were treated with CAZ at a daily dose of
      49-222 mg/kg t.i.d. or q.i.d. (as a rule 60 mg/kg t.i.d.). The efficacy rate was
      97.6% clinically and 97.8% bacteriologically. No adverse reactions were observed
      except 1 case with mild diarrhea. Abnormal laboratory findings were also only
      mild; eosinophilia in 1, slight elevation of GOT in 5 and that of GOT & GPT in 3
      cases. These results indicate the usefulness of CAZ in the treatment of bacterial
      infections in children.

PMID- 6376855
TI  - [Clinical studies of ceftazidime in the pediatric field].
AB  - Twenty-four pediatric patients with infections were treated with ceftazidime
      (CAZ) by one-shot intravenous injection in the doses of 39 approximately 149
      mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses as a rule. These patients' ages ranged from 2 months
      to 13 years 4 months. The duration of the administration ranged from 4 to 19
      days, and total doses ranged from 1.38 to 57 g. Infections consisted of
      respiratory tract infections in 19 cases (acute tonsillitis in 3, acute
      bronchitis in 7, and pneumonia in 9), urinary tract infection in 1 case, acute
      peritonitis in 1 case, and suspected sepsis in 3 cases. Clinical efficacy was
      excellent in 18, good in 1, fair in 1, and poor in 4 cases, and the efficacy rate
      (excellent + good) was 79.2%. Bacteriological response was evaluated on 14
      strains of bacteria isolated from lesions, assumed as the causative organisms (7
      strains of S. aureus, 3 of P. aeruginosa, 1 of H. influenzae, 1 of K. pneumoniae,
      1 of E. coli, and 1 of S. marcescens). Out of these strains, 10 were eradicated,
      and 1 (P. aeruginosa) decreased, but 2 strains (both S. aureus) persisted. (One
      strain of S. aureus was not examined.) No adverse effect suspected to be related
      to the drug was observed either in subjective symptom or in objective findings.

PMID- 6376857
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies on ceftazidime in the field of paediatrics].
AB  - Ceftazidime (CAZ), a new cephem antibiotic for injection, was used in the field
      of paediatrics, and the following results were obtained. Antibacterial activity
      of CAZ was high against Gram-negative rods including P. aeruginosa, but slightly
      low against Gram-positive cocci. Absorption and excretion of CAZ were rapid, and
      90% or more was excreted at 6 hours after administration. The clinical efficacy
      was excellent or good in all the 4 cases treated with CAZ, and no side effects
      were observed.

PMID- 6376858
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies on ceftazidime in the field of pediatrics].
AB  - Fundamental and clinical studies were carried out on ceftazidime ( CAZ ), a new
      cephalosporin, in the field of pediatrics. 1. Antimicrobial activity MICs of CAZ
      were determined for clinical isolates of 24 strains of S. aureus, 15 of S.
      pyogenes, 8 of H. influenzae, 22 of E. coli, 20 of K. pneumoniae, 18 of P.
      mirabilis, 3 of P. morganii, and 21 of P. aeruginosa, and compared with those of
      the control drugs, i.e. CEZ, CXM, CMZ, CTX, LMOX and CMX. For P. aeruginosa, CPM,
      CFS and GM were also employed as the control drugs. CAZ was as active as CTX,
      LMOX and CMX, its MICs distributing in the range not higher than 0.10
      microgram/ml for H. influenzae, 0.78 microgram/ml for E. coli, 0.39 microgram/ml
      for K. pneumoniae, 0.10 microgram/ml for P. mirabilis, and 0.10 microgram/ml for
      P. morganii in all the strains. Against P. aeruginosa, CAZ showed MICs in the
      range between 0.39 and 3.13 micrograms /ml, which showed activity higher than
      that of CTX, LMOX , CPM, CMX and GM, and comparable to that of CFS. Against S.
      pyogenes, CAZ was as active as all the control drugs except for LMOX , its MICs
      for all strains tested being 0.20 microgram/ml or below. Against S. aureus, CAZ
      was slightly more active than LMOX , but less active than the other control
      drugs, its MICs being relatively high ranging from 6.25 to 50 micrograms/ml. 2.
      Pharmacokinetics After a one-shot intravenous injection of CAZ 20 mg/kg, serum
      levels and urinary excretion were studied in 3 children aged 6 to 9 years, and
      CSF levels were determined in 2 children aged 6 to 7 years with aseptic
      meningitis. The mean serum levels of CAZ were 85.3 micrograms/ml at 1/4 hour,
      53.3 micrograms/ml at 1/2 hour, 32.0 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 16.1 micrograms/ml
      at 2 hours, 5.3 micrograms/ml at 4 hours, and 2.0 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, with
      the mean half-life of 1.18 hours. The mean urinary levels were 9,700
      micrograms/ml at 0 to 2 hours, 803 micrograms/ml at 2 to 4 hours, 540 micrograms
      at 4 to 6 hours, and the mean urinary recovery rate during the first 6 hours was
      83.9%. The CSF levels at 1 hour after intravenous injection were 0.44
      microgram/ml in acute stage and 0.10 to 0.22 microgram/ml in convalescent stage.
      3. Clinical study Thirty-one pediatric patients with bacterial infections were
      treated with CAZ , and the clinical efficacy, bacteriological response, and side
      effects were evaluated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6376859
TI  - [Laboratory and clinical studies of ceftazidime in the pediatric field].
AB  - The authors have carried out the laboratory and clinical studies of ceftazidime (
      CAZ ) and obtained the following results. The antibacterial activities of CAZ
      against the clinical isolates of S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae,
      E. aerogenes, S. marcescens, C. freundii and P. aeruginosa were measured by the
      plate dilution method with inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml. The susceptibility
      distribution of S. aureus to CAZ ranged from 3.13 to 100 micrograms/ml, and the
      peak of distribution was 12.5 micrograms/ml. The peak of susceptibility
      distribution of E. coli, K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae was 0.2 micrograms/ml, and
      the distribution of E. aerogenes ranged from 0.1 to 100 micrograms/ml and that of
      S. marcescens, from 0.05 to 3.13 micrograms /ml. The growth of 92% of P.
      aeruginosa was inhibited at the concentration of 3.13 micrograms/ml or lower. For
      pharmacokinetic study, CAZ was given in a single dose of 10 mg/kg by intravenous
      administration for 5 minutes in 1 child and by drip infusion for 30 minutes in 2
      children. After intravenous administration of CAZ , the serum level got to the
      peak of 41.0 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, and was 1.0 micrograms /ml at 6 hours.
      Half-life time was 1.30 hours. With drip infusion of CAZ , the mean peak serum
      level was 52.45 +/- 2.05 micrograms/ml on completion of the infusion, and 1.05 +/
      0.05 micrograms/ml at 6 hours. Half-life time was 1.30 hours. CAZ was effective
      in 9 cases out of 11 cases with bacterial infection. No side effect was observed
      except for elevation of serum GOT and GPT in 1 case and eosinophilia in 1 case.

PMID- 6376860
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of ceftazidime in paediatrics].
AB  - Ceftazidime ( CAZ ), a new injectable cephem antibiotic, was used for treatment
      of infections in children, and the following results were obtained. After an
      intravenous injection of CAZ at a dose of 20 mg/kg, the mean blood levels in 2
      patients were 41.5 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 18.1 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and
      2.55 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, with the half-life (T 1/2) of 1.37 hours. In a 22
      day-old baby with meningitis given CAZ intravenously at a dose of 43.5 mg/kg, the
      blood levels were 100 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 68 micrograms/ml at 2 hours
      and 25 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, with the half-life (T 1/2) of 2.96 hours. After
      intravenous administration of CAZ in doses ranging from 35.7 to 50 mg/kg, CSF
      concentrations ranged from N.D. to 6.3 micrograms/ml in 3 patients with purulent
      meningitis, although 19 micrograms/ml at 1 hour and 13 micrograms/ml at 2 hours
      in 1 patient after intravenous administration of 46.7 mg/kg. In patient with
      mumps meningitis, CSF concentrations were undetectable after intravenous
      administration of 35.7 mg/kg. Seventeen patients (each 1 patient with
      lymphadenitis, tonsillitis and septicemia, each 2 patients with pneumonia,
      bronchiectatic bronchitis, pyothorax and purulent meningitis, each 3 patients
      with pyelonephritis and enteritis) were treated with CAZ intravenously, at the
      daily doses of 178.2 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg in 4 divided doses in patients with
      meningitis and 44.1 to 103.4 mg/kg in 3 divided doses in patients with other
      infections (two of them were given by intravenous drip infusion for 30 minutes).
      The clinical responses were excellent or good in all the patients except for 1
      case of Salmonella enteritis (poor) and 1 case of Campylobacter enteritis (poor).
      The efficacy rate was 88.2%. It was noteworthy that the clinical response was
      excellent in 1 case of septicemia with P. aeruginosa with leukemic stage of
      malignant lymphoma and in 2 cases of purulent meningitis. As side effects, fever,
      eruption, leukocytopenia, elevation in GOT and positive CRP considered to be
      allergic, were observed on day 16 of administration in 1 case of pyothorax. These
      symptoms disappeared by discontinuance of administration. In addition, there were
      elevation in GOT and GPT in 2 cases and elevation in GOT in 2 cases and elevation
      in GPT in 1 case; they were all mild or transient, and there was nothing to be
      worried about.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6376861
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies of ceftazidime in the pediatric field].
AB  - Ceftazidime ( CAZ ), a newly-developed parenteral cephem antibiotic, was
      administered to 8 children; by one shot intravenous (i.v.) injection in the doses
      of 20 and 40 mg/kg each to 2 children, and by 30 minutes' i.v. drip infusion in
      the doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg each to 2 children, and the serum levels, urinary
      levels and recovery rates were determined. CAZ was also administered to 2
      patients with purulent meningitis, one complicated with subdural abscess and the
      other with bacteremia, in the doses of 19.2 and 50.7 mg/kg, respectively, by one
      shot i.v. injection, and the CSF level of CAZ was determined. In addition, CAZ
      was administered to 2 children with acute bronchitis, 1 with chronic bronchitis,
      37 with pneumonia, 3 with pleuropneumonia, 1 each for purulent meningitis,
      purulent meningitis accompanied with subdural abscess and purulent meningitis
      with bacteremia, 5 with urinary tract infections and 3 with purulent
      lymphadenitis (total 54 children), in the mean dose of 85.8 mg/kg/day mostly in 4
      divided doses by one shot i.v. injection for 9 days on the average, and clinical
      effectiveness and bacteriological response were evaluated in these cases, and
      adverse events and abnormal laboratory findings were examined in the 66 cases
      which included 12 drop-out cases. 1. After the administration of CAZ to 4
      children; 20 and 40 mg/kg each to 2 children, by one shot i.v. injection, the
      mean serum levels got to the peak of 115.8 and 199.5 mcg/ml, respectively, at 5
      minutes. The results were good, showing dose response. The mean half-lives were
      1.48 and 1.37 hours, respectively. After the administration of 10 and 20 mg/kg of
      CAZ each to 2 children by 30 minutes' i.v. drip infusion, the mean serum levels
      got to the peak of 58.5 and 80.0 mcg/ml, respectively, on completion of the
      administration, showing dose response. The mean half-lives were 1.06 hours in the
      former 2 cases, and 1.38 and 3.26 hours, respectively, in the latter 2 cases. The
      reason for the prolongation observed in 1 case was not clear. 2. In the above
      mentioned each 2 cases receiving one i.v. injection, the mean urinary levels got
      to the peak of 4,240 and 4,445 mcg/ml, respectively, at 0-2 hours after the
      administration , and the urinary recovery rates during the first 6 hours were
      high, 95.7% and 99.5%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6376862
TI  - Right-side cardiac output determined with a newly developed catheter-tip
      resistivity probe using saline indicator.
AB  - Right-heart cardiac output was determined in 10 dogs using a newly developed,
      highly accurate catheter-tip resistivity probe. A saline indicator was injected
      into the right atrium and the blood resistivity was monitored at the catheter tip
      in the pulmonary artery. The resulting dilution curves were calibrated
      electrically according to the manner in which blood resistivity changes with
      saline concentration and cardiac output values were calculated. Cardiac output
      values determined simultaneously by the direct Fick method were used as a
      reference.

PMID- 6376863
TI  - Effect of angiotensin III on blood pressure, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
      in normal and hypertensive subjects.
AB  - The biological actions of angiotensin III (AIII) in animals have been reported to
      be stimulation of aldosterone secretion and vasoconstriction. However, the
      biological actions of AIII in human essential hypertension (EH) have not been
      evaluated. Twenty ng/Kg/min of AIII was infused intravenously for 30 min into 6
      normal subjects and 24 patients with EH. The systolic blood pressure was elevated
      significantly, from 116 +/- 5 (mean +/- SD)/68 +/- 4 to 137 +/- 9/74 +/- 5 mmHg
      in normal subjects and from 155 +/- 29/95 +/- 17 to 176 +/- 26/106 +/- 20 mmHg in
      EH patients. The elevation in systolic BP of low-renin EH patients was
      significantly larger than that of normal-renin EH patients. Plasma renin activity
      (PRA) decreased significantly from 1.64 +/- 1.07 to 1.21 +/- 1.05 ng/ml/hr in
      normal subjects and from 0.88 +/- 0.66 to 0.76 +/- 0.63 ng/ml/hr in EH. Plasma
      aldosterone concentration (PAC) increased significantly from 57 +/- 34 to 116 +/-
      34 pg/ml in normal subjects and from 66 +/- 56 to 91 +/- 24 pg/ml/ in EH. There
      was no significant difference between the increase of PAC in low-renin EH and in
      normal-renin EH. Plasma cortisol concentration (PCC) did not change in these
      subjects. There were no significant relationships between the changes of PRA and
      PAC or PRA and blood pressure. These results suggest that the pressor action of
      AIII appeared in relation to the basal PRA in EH. In EH, PRA is suppressed by the
      direct action of AIII in the kidney and neither by increased PAC nor by increased
      blood pressure. The small changes in blood pressure caused by AII infusion
      suggest that a test using an AIII infusion for aldosterone stimulation would be
      preferable to an angiotensin II infusion.

PMID- 6376864
TI  - [Clinical significance of the panic values in emergency laboratory tests--the
      panic value of serum bilirubin].

PMID- 6376865
TI  - [Role of cytodiagnosis and biopsy in early diagnosis of cancer--from the
      viewpoint of cytodiagnosis].

PMID- 6376866
TI  - [Clinical significance of the panic values in emergency clinical tests--a
      review].

PMID- 6376867
TI  - [Intestinal parasites, progress in diagnosis and treatment].

PMID- 6376868
TI  - [Studies on the screening test for complement by serological hemolysis in agar
      gel].

PMID- 6376869
TI  - [Application of personal computer system in clinical laboratory of microbiology
      and bacterial coding devised].

PMID- 6376870
TI  - [Pathogenesis and classification of diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 6376871
TI  - [Genetics of diabetes mellitus--insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and HLA].

PMID- 6376872
TI  - [Autoimmune aspects of pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 6376873
TI  - [Impaired insulin secretion in diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 6376874
TI  - [Detection of human circulating islet cell surface antibodies by dispersed rat
      pancreatic islet cells (III). Examination of clinical significance].

PMID- 6376875
TI  - [Evaluation of intravenous digital subtraction angiography for the diagnosis of
      aortic dissection].

PMID- 6376876
TI  - [Comparison of the 50 g and 75 g oral glucose tolerance test in the aged
      subjects].

PMID- 6376877
TI  - [Reflex regulation of the cardiovascular system].

PMID- 6376878
TI  - [Current status and problems of artificial organs. 2. Artificial liver].

PMID- 6376879
TI  - [Current status and problems of artificial organs. 4. Artificial heart and lung
      machine].

PMID- 6376880
TI  - [Current status and problems of artificial organs. 5. Cardiac pacemaker].

PMID- 6376881
TI  - [Current status and problems of artificial organs. 7. Assisted circulation and
      ventricular assist device].

PMID- 6376882
TI  - [Current status and problems of artificial organs. 8. Artificial heart].

PMID- 6376884
TI  - [Current status and problems of artificial organs. 10. Artificial limbs].

PMID- 6376883
TI  - [Current status and problems of artificial organs. 9. Artificial endocrine
      pancreas].

PMID- 6376885
TI  - [Determination of seminal stains by enzyme immunoassay using anti-gamma-Sm serum
      and polystyrene beads coated with seminal plasma. Forensic immunological studies
      of body fluids and secretion, Report XXII].

PMID- 6376886
TI  - Solid-phase microELISA for methamphetamine.

PMID- 6376887
TI  - [Endless voyage. The life of Ms. Shin Tanaka. 20. Chapter 5].

PMID- 6376888
TI  - [Endless voyage: life of Ms Shin Tanaka. 21. Chapter 5].

PMID- 6376889
TI  - [Historical background of the "hara-obi" (a piece of cloth wrapped around the
      abdomen of a pregnant woman) and the origin of its name].

PMID- 6376890
TI  - [History of the "hara-obi" ( a piece of cloth wrapped around the abdomen of a
      pregnant woman). 2. Various associated customs].

PMID- 6376891
TI  - [History of the "hara-obi" (a piece of cloth worn by pregnant women around the
      abdomen). 3. The legend of "Chin-kaiseki"].

PMID- 6376892
TI  - [Effect of urokinase therapy in patients with glomerulonephritis and nephrotic
      syndrome. Trial at multiple institutes in Japan].

PMID- 6376894
TI  - [Clinical description of pain. 2. History of pain therapy. 1. Control of acute
      pain].

PMID- 6376893
TI  - [Clinical study of pain. 1. History of the concept of pain].

PMID- 6376895
TI  - [A long road to the hospice: life of Mother Mary Aikenhead (12). The healthy
      segment of patients and falsehoods of the hospital].

PMID- 6376896
TI  - Effects of selective vagotomy with or without drainage on glucose tolerance test.
AB  - Effects of selective proximal vagotomy (SPV) with pyloroplasty, SPV without a
      drainage, selective gastric vagotomy with antrectomy and distal gastrectomy with
      gastro-duodenostomy on the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were studied in 25
      patients with duodenal ulcer. Hyperglycemia occurred at 30 and 60 min after
      glucose loading and hypoglycemia occurred at 120 min in all three types of
      selective vagotomy. The pattern of the OGTT, however, was not remarkably changed
      after gastrectomy. These findings suggested that an altered pattern in the OGTT
      might relate to vagotomy, but not to gastrectomy or pyloroplasty. Hormonal
      factors, such as immunoreactive insulin (IRI), pancreatic glucagon (PG) and gut
      glucagon-like immunoreactivity (GLI) were measured to elucidate the mechanism of
      the altered patterns of OGTT after selective vagotomy. The enhanced response of
      IRI was found in selective vagotomy groups, in comparison with the preoperative
      study or gastrectomy group. The exaggerated response of IRI might be responsible
      for hypoglycemia. GLI and PG had little or no effect on blood glucose level on
      the OGTT.

PMID- 6376897
TI  - Perfusion preservation of cadaver rat pancreas: I. Morphological observation and
      biological function of the islets.
AB  - When using methods of perfusion to preserve the rat pancreas, we found that
      perfusion into the celiac axis was the most effective. The viability of the
      cadaver pancreas from decapitated rats preserved by perfusion into the celiac
      axis for 6 hours under various conditions of hypothermia, hyperbaria and
      oxygenation was investigated. The condition of perfusion affected the ratio of
      degenerative islets/normal islets in the pancreas. The ratio, under conditions of
      hypothermia and oxygenation was the lowest, while that under conditions of
      hyperbaria was the highest. Insulin-releasing activity of islets from 6-hour
      perfusion-pancreas, under conditions of hypothermia and oxygenation was 86.5 per
      cent or more of that of the control. Stainings with fluorescent antibody and
      peroxidase antiperoxidase, revealed a large number of A and B cells in the islets
      of the pancreas, in cases of up to 6 hours of perfusion.

PMID- 6376898
TI  - [Mucociliary transport system and its abnormality].

PMID- 6376900
TI  - [Immunofluorescent and clinical studies in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and
      interstitial pneumonia with collagen disease].

PMID- 6376899
TI  - [Cell types and structures of secretory glands and cells of the airway].

PMID- 6376902
TI  - [Studies on human natural killer (NK) cell activity against cell lines derived
      from malignant urinary tract tumors. Part II: Specificity of NK cell activity of
      IFN-stimulated PBL against cell lines derived from malignant urinary tract
      tumors].

PMID- 6376901
TI  - [An immunological study of lower urinary tract infection: antibody-coated
      bacteria (ACB) test].

PMID- 6376903
TI  - Association between cage shelf level and spontaneous and induced neoplasms in
      mice.
AB  - Data from a chronic feeding study with 2-acetylaminofluorene [(2-AAF) CAS: 53-96
      3; N-fluoren-2-yl-acetamide] done on 20,880 female BALB/c mice were analyzed for
      associations between cage shelf level and occurrence of induced and spontaneous
      neoplasms. Each cage was maintained on a rack at a given shelf level throughout
      the experiment, allowing analysis of data by shelf level. Differences in the
      crude incidence of 2-AAF-induced liver and bladder neoplasms appeared to be shelf
      related, but these differences were small and disappeared when shelf-level
      analyses of time-to-tumor onset distributions were performed. There was evidence
      for a shelf-level influence on 5 of the 6 major spontaneous neoplasms noted. Time
      to onset of uterine polyps and reticulum cell sarcomas was significantly delayed
      on the top shelf of five of six animal rooms. Also, there was a significant delay
      in onset of lymphomas, adrenocortical adenomas, and lung alveolar cell tumors on
      the top shelf when data were combined from all six animal rooms, but these delays
      on the top shelf were significant in no more than two of six animal rooms when
      rooms were analyzed separately. There was no indication of any shelf-level
      influence on the development of harderian gland adenomas. In conclusion, shelf
      level is an environmental factor that should be considered in the design and
      analysis of carcinogenesis studies.

PMID- 6376904
TI  - Phenotyping of lesions of melanocyte origin with monoclonal antibodies to
      melanoma-associated antigens and to HLA antigens.
AB  - The antigenic profiles of a large number of surgically removed human benign and
      malignant lesions of melanocyte origin have been analyzed with the use of
      monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) against la antigens, against the HLA-A,B,C-beta 2
      microglobulin molecular complex, against a cytoplasmic melanoma-associated
      antigen (MAA), and against membrane-bound MAA. Membrane-bound MAA include a high
      molecular-weight MAA (HMW-MAA), a 115K MAA, and a 100K MAA. Appearance of the HMW
      MAA and of the cytoplasmic MAA, as well as cytoplasmic distribution or loss of
      HLA-A,B,C antigens, occurs in benign lesions. Additional appearance of Ia
      antigens is associated with malignant transformation of melanocytes. The
      antigenic profile defined by the battery of MoAb used displays differences among
      benign lesions of different histogenesis, between benign and malignant lesions,
      and among malignant lesions with different histopathologic properties. These
      results suggest that phenotyping of surgically removed lesions with anti-MAA and
      anti-HLA MoAb may contribute to the understanding of the steps involved in tumor
      progression of melanocytes and may aid in the diagnosis of lesions with unusual
      histopathologic features.

PMID- 6376905
TI  - [Captopril in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure].

PMID- 6376906
TI  - Intrarenal distribution of blood flow: evolution of a new approach to
      measurement.

PMID- 6376907
TI  - Cortical distribution of prostaglandin and renin in isolated dog glomeruli.
AB  - This study was performed (1) to evaluate the ability of renal superficial (SP)
      and juxtamedullary (JM) isolated glomeruli to synthesize 6-keto-prostaglandin F1
      alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) when stimulated with
      different doses of arachidonic acid (AA) and (2) to determine the differential
      effects that the formation of these prostaglandins may have on renin release.
      Renal SP and JM glomeruli were isolated separately from dog renal cortex using a
      passive sieving technique. Glomeruli were superfused within glass chambers with a
      Krebs Ringer solution and three different concentrations of AA. Effluent
      concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (primary metabolite of PGI2), PGE2, and renin
      were determined by radioimmunoassay. Synthesis of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha by SP
      glomeruli increased in a dose-dependent manner in response to the three
      increasing concentrations of AA. These three doses of AA also evoked proportional
      increments in the release of renin which were significantly correlated with the
      increases in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. In contrast, PGE2 synthesis was maximally
      stimulated by all doses of AA and was not correlated with renin release. In JM
      glomeruli, AA evoked the same pattern in the synthesis of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and
      PGE2. However, renin release increased significantly only with the perfusion of
      the highest concentration of AA. These perfusion results show that SP and JM
      glomeruli have the same ability to synthesize 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and PGE2.
      However, renin release was significantly higher in SP than in JM glomeruli and
      correlated with 6-keto-PGF1 alpha synthesis.

PMID- 6376908
TI  - Opsonic deficiency of peritoneal dialysis effluent in continuous ambulatory
      peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - Staphylococcus epidermidis peritonitis frequently complicates the clinical course
      of patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Since
      bacterial opsonization is critical to the effective defense of the peritoneal
      cavity by phagocytic cells, we prospectively evaluated the opsonic activity of
      peritoneal dialysis effluent obtained from 17 CAPD patients during 102 patient
      months. Samples of peritoneal dialysis effluent contained concentrations of
      opsonins against S. epidermidis that were less than 2% of that observed in serum.
      Moreover, heat-labile opsonic activity against Escherichia coli was absent from
      all dialysis effluents. During the study, there were ten episodes of peritonitis
      in nine CAPD patients (1 per 10.2 patient months). S. epidermidis was isolated in
      seven episodes, a gram-negative bacillus in one, and two episodes were culture
      negative. the incidence of S. epidermidis peritonitis was 1 per 62 patient months
      in the patients with "high" peritoneal dialysis effluent opsonic activity against
      S. epidermidis but was nearly tenfold greater in patients with "low" opsonic
      activity (1 per 6.7 patient months). We conclude that peritoneal dialysis
      effluent opsonic activity predicts which CAPD patients are at an increased risk
      to develop S. epidermidis peritonitis.

PMID- 6376909
TI  - Glycosyl albumin and diabetic microalbuminuria: demonstration of an altered renal
      handling.
AB  - In attempt to elucidate the link between the nonenzymatic glycosylation of
      proteins and the diabetic functional nephropathy, renal handling of glycosyl
      albumin has been evaluated in 15 normal subjects and 29 insulin-dependent
      diabetic patients divided in three groups according to their urinary excretion
      rates of albumin (Ualb): (group A) ten diabetic patients with Ualb less than 10
      micrograms/m', (group B) 12 patients with Ualb between 10 and 100 micrograms/m',
      and (group C) seven patients with Ualb greater than 100 micrograms/m'. Albumin
      was purified with Blue-Sepharose CL-6B. The carbohydrate bound to albumin was
      determined chemically with thiobarbituric acid after the acid hydrolysis of the
      protein. Serum glycosyl albumin concentration in normal subjects was 0.1256 +/-
      0.009 nmoles of hydroxymethylfurfural per nanomole of albumin, in group A, 0.1900
      +/- 0.0124; in group B, 0.2199 +/- 0.0177; and in group C, 0.2224 +/- 0.02732.
      Urinary glycosyl albumin concentration was 1.8467 + 0.2132 in normal subjects,
      1.4369 +/- 0.3355 in group A, 1.008 +/- 0.1584 in group B, and 0.2614 + 0.0295 in
      group C. In normal subjects and patients without apparent nephropathy (groups A
      and B), the clearance of albumin correlated with the serum concentration of
      glycosyl albumin. In all patients (groups A, B, and C) the urinary-serum glycosyl
      albumin concentration ratio was correlated inversely with albumin clearance.
      These data show that in normal subjects and diabetic patients with normal
      excretion rates of albumin and microalbuminuric diabetic patients the passage of
      glycosyl albumin through the glomerular wall is facilitated in contrast to normal
      albumin and that glycosyl albumin plays an important role in the pathogenesis of
      diabetic functional nephropathy.

PMID- 6376910
TI  - Interaction of renal disease and pregnancy.

PMID- 6376911
TI  - Insulin action in uremia.
AB  - The evidence appears overwhelming that insulin resistance is the major cause of
      the carbohydrate intolerance observed in chronically uremic subjects and that the
      primary site of this insulin resistance resides in peripheral tissues, muscle.
      Diminished lipoprotein lipase activity, perhaps related to decreased insulin
      sensitivity, is in large part responsible for the hypertriglyceridemia. However,
      there is some evidence that increased VLDL synthesis also contributes to the
      disturbance in lipid metabolism. This latter abnormality may be related to the
      high circulating insulin levels that result from the insulin resistance. In
      contrast to glucose and lipid metabolism, the plasma amino acid and potassium
      lowering effects of insulin are normal in uremic individuals. Whether there is an
      impaired ability of insulin to stimulate protein synthesis and inhibit protein
      degradation remains to be delineated.

PMID- 6376912
TI  - Glucose metabolism in chronic renal failure: adaptive responses to continuous
      glucose infusion.
AB  - The systemic response to a glucose infusion at 2.7 mg/kg X min was evaluated in
      10 undialyzed chronically uremic patients and in 5 controls after they were
      fasted overnight. Systemic glucose production (Ra) was measured during the steady
      state using [6,6-2H2]-glucose tracer. In chronic uremic subjects, basal Ra was
      1.99 +/- 0.35 ml/kg X min (mean +/- SD) and was not different from that observed
      in the control subjects (1.86 +/- 0.23). Basal plasma insulin and
      betahydroxybutyrate concentrations were significantly increased (P less than
      0.01) in the uremic group. Glucose infusion resulted in complete suppression of
      Ra (97%) in the normal subjects. Suppression of Ra in the uremic subjects was
      virtually complete with the exception of 3 patients who suppressed systemic
      glucose production by 70%, 79%, and 87%. Glucose utilization (Ru) during glucose
      infusion rose from the basal state to a plateau level within the 2 hours
      following the start of infusion and was of the same magnitude in the uremic group
      as it was in the control group. During the 3rd and the 4th hour of glucose
      infusion, there was further increase in Ru in the normal subjects, resulting in a
      decrease in plasma glucose concentration. Only 4 out of 10 uremic subjects showed
      a similar response. There was no correlation between the metabolic changes noted
      and the serum creatinine concentration. These data indicate that in chronic
      uremia, resistance to insulin action in the peripheral tissues is present but is
      variable, suggesting a spectrum of metabolic disturbances unrelated to the degree
      of chronic renal failure.

PMID- 6376913
TI  - Patient profile and effect of dietary therapy on post-transplant hyperlipidemia.
AB  - The effect of dietary therapy on the serum lipid profile was examined in 32 post
      transplant patients. Patients were transplanted more than 4 months before the
      study and had stable renal function and no other condition affecting lipid
      metabolism. Serum lipid profiles were determined on two serum samples obtained
      after a 12-hour fast. Seventeen patients who had pre-transplant hyperlipidemia
      (HLP) had similar HLP after transplantation. Of the 14 patients with normal pre
      transplant profiles, 9 remained normal and 5 developed HLP. Twelve patients with
      HLP received out-patient dietary therapy providing less than 500 mg of
      cholesterol, less than 35% of calories from fat, less than 50% of calories from
      carbohydrate, and a P:S ratio greater than 1. Maintenance calories were based on
      the Harris-Benedict standard except for 9 overweight patients who were given
      less. After 3 months of therapy, serum cholesterol and triglycerides decreased to
      normal in 8 of 9 patients in whom both were elevated before dietary treatment and
      were unchanged in one patient. In 3 patients who had normal triglyceride but
      elevated cholesterol levels before therapy, cholesterol decreased but remained
      above normal; triglyceride increased in one patient and remained normal in two.
      High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased in all 12 patients and
      became normal in 11. Body weight fell in 11 of 12 patients receiving dietary
      therapy. Cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL-C remained unchanged in 11 patients
      who did not undergo dietary treatment. Dietary therapy is a safe and effective
      way to treat post-transplant HLP.

PMID- 6376914
TI  - Muscle protein turnover in uremia.
AB  - Abnormalities of muscle protein stores in uremia result from changes in the
      components of protein turnover. In vivo measurements of protein synthesis and
      degradation in uremia are subject to several errors. There may be incomplete
      equilibration of the infused labeled amino acid with the precursor pool for
      protein synthesis because of abnormal amino acid transport into muscle and
      increased catabolism of the infused amino acid. The infusion technique for
      measuring protein degradation cannot differentiate between rates occurring in
      different tissues. Moreover, measurement of 3-methylhistidine as an estimate of
      muscle protein degradation is invalid in uremia because its renal clearance is
      impaired. In vitro studies using radiolabeled amino acids should give more
      reliable estimates of the components of muscle protein turnover. Estimation of
      the rate of protein synthesis with a labeled amino acid still requires
      measurements of its specific activity in the precursor pool for protein
      synthesis, but this can be accomplished more easily in vitro. The factors known
      to affect protein synthesis and degradation in normal muscle, which are most
      likely to affect protein turnover in uremic muscle, are insulin-resistance and
      maladaptation to fasting. Few studies of the components of protein turnover in
      uremia have examined the effect of these or other factors.

PMID- 6376915
TI  - Pathogenesis of the anemia of uremia: role of secondary hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - PTH may participate in the genesis of the anemia of uremia through at least three
      pathways. These include inhibition of erythropoiesis, shortening survival of RBCs
      and inducing fibrosis of bone marrow cavity. A possible fourth mechanism through
      which PTH may contribute to the anemia of uremia is its effect on platelets. PTH
      inhibits platelet aggregation [53] and, as such, may play an important role in
      the genesis of the bleeding tendencies and the consequent blood loss in uremia.

PMID- 6376916
TI  - Low-protein diet supplemented by keto acids in chronic renal failure: a
      prospective controlled study.
AB  - In this prospective controlled study, a 30-g protein-restricted diet supplemented
      by keto acids resulted in a delayed rate of progression of chronic renal failure.
      The effect of this treatment differed according to the underlying renal disease.
      The rate of progression of chronic renal failure was delayed by a factor of at
      least 2. A need for long-term observations to quantify the effectiveness of this
      therapy is shown. A new pragmatic approach to the evaluation of long-term studies
      in patients with chronic renal failure is demonstrated.

PMID- 6376917
TI  - Proteolytic enzymes and catabolism: enhanced release of granulocyte proteinases
      in uremic intoxication and during hemodialysis.
AB  - Proteinases are classified into four groups according to their catalytic
      mechanisms: the serine, cysteine (thiol), aspartic (carboxyl), and metallo
      proteinases. Neutrophil granulocytes contain a variety of neutral proteinases and
      two acid proteinases. Lysosomal proteinases are released from cells during
      phagocytosis, cell death, or exposure to antigen-antibody complexes, complement
      factors, and toxins. Under pathological conditions, massive proteinase release
      may cause tissue injury and degradation of plasma proteins. Plasma proteolytic
      activity is controlled by inhibitors of blood systems (antithrombin III, C1
      inhibitor, and plasmin inhibitor) and by inhibitors against proteinases of
      various body cells (alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, beta
      1-collagenase inhibitor, and inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor). Intracellular
      proteinases are controlled by different cytosolic inhibitors. In hypercatabolic
      states (septicemia, trauma, burns), the concentrations of many plasma proteins,
      including proteinase inhibitors, are decreased. Kallikrein-kinin, complement, and
      fibrinolytic systems may be activated, probably due to enhanced proteinase
      activity. In acute renal failure, there is a release of granulocyte neutral
      proteinases. The plasma concentration of the elastase-alpha 1-proteinase
      inhibitor complex is simultaneously increased. Granulocytes of chronically uremic
      patients treated with diet or regular dialysis have a slightly to markedly
      reduced proteinase content as compared with normal controls. There is a dramatic
      rise of the plasma elastase alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complex during
      hemodialysis treatment.

PMID- 6376918
TI  - Restricted phosphorus and nitrogen intake to slow the progression of chronic
      renal failure: a controlled trial.
AB  - Twenty chronically azotemic patients (experimental group) with a mean creatinine
      clearance of 22.5 +/- 9.4 ml/min followed a diet supplying daily, per kilogram of
      body weight, 7.0 mg of phosphorus and 0.5 g of protein, mostly of high biological
      value, for 11.3 months. A group of 19 similar patients (control group) followed a
      diet supplying daily, per kilogram of body weight, 12 mg of phosphorus and 0.8 g
      of protein for a similar period of time. In the experimental group, the serum
      inorganic phosphorus, urea, and iPTH (both N-terminal and C-terminal fragments)
      decreased significantly. The creatinine clearance decreased by -0.59 +/- 0.7
      ml/min per month prior to the commencement of the experimental diet and increased
      by a mean of 0.1 +/- 0.4 ml/min per month during the period of study. In the
      control group, the serum inorganic phosphorus increased, the serum urea and iPTH
      remained practically constant, and the mean creatinine clearance continued to
      decrease at a rate not significantly different from that prior to the onset of
      the study (-0.50 +/- 0.66 and -0.44 +/- 0.10 ml/min per month, respectively). The
      mechanisms by which the low-phosphorus, low-nitrogen diet slows the progression
      of renal failure are discussed, and the practical importance of prescribing the
      dietetic restriction early in the course of renal disease is stressed.

PMID- 6376919
TI  - Zinc metabolism and taste acuity in renal transplant recipients.
AB  - To determine the effect of renal transplantation on taste acuity and zinc
      metabolism, we tested 43 patients with functioning allografts for 2.5 to 96
      months. They were tested for taste by the 3-drop stimulus technique. In 30 of
      them, we determined zinc levels in plasma, hair, and urine. Subnormal plasma and
      hair zinc, as well as hyperzincuria, was present in all of the 15 patients less
      than 12 months posttransplant. In contrast, 10 patients who were more than 12
      months posttransplant had plasma zinc levels, hair zinc, and urinary zinc
      excretions in the normal range. Zinc concentrations in plasma and hair of 5
      patients who were more than 12 months posttransplant with renal failure, were
      subnormal and were similar to those in hemodialysis patients. Similarly, taste
      detection and recognition thresholds for sodium chloride, sucrose, urea, and
      hydrochloric acid were normal only in patients more than 12 months posttransplant
      with normal renal function. Plasma zinc, hair zinc, and urinary zinc were not
      related to prednisone or azathioprine dosage. These results suggest that
      abnormalities of zinc and taste persist up to 12 months posttransplant and may be
      related to increased urinary zinc losses.

PMID- 6376920
TI  - Enhancement of recovery in postischemic acute renal failure with captopril.
AB  - This study tested the ability of the converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, to
      lessen the severity of acute renal failure following temporary occlusion of the
      renal artery. In the control group, 11 dogs were anesthetized with halothane, and
      the left kidney was isolated through a midline incision. The renal artery, vein,
      and ureter were then clamped for 120 min. Immediately after occlusion, the kidney
      was flushed with 40 ml of saline at 34 degrees C. When the clamp was released, a
      contralateral nephrectomy was performed and the animal allowed to recover. Serum
      creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were followed on a daily basis
      thereafter. Thirteen captopril-treated dogs were treated in the same fashion
      except that captopril (1.25 ml/kg, i.v.) was given prior to the 120-min period of
      renal ischemia. Three of 11 (27%) control dogs survived, whereas 10 of 13 (77%)
      captopril-treated animals survived (P less than 0.05). Serum creatinine (5.4 +/-
      2.5 mg/dl) and serum urea nitrogen (96 +/- 33 mg/dl) peaked on day 8 in the
      captopril-treated group and were consistently lower than in the untreated group.
      These observations suggest that captopril is useful when temporary interruption
      of the renal circulation is encountered, such as in renal autotransplantation,
      cadaveric renal transplantation, and renal revascularization. These data also
      suggest that inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system may lessen the severity
      of acute renal failure following renal ischemia.

PMID- 6376921
TI  - Effects of exercise training on muscle protein catabolism in uremia.
AB  - The effects of exercise training on muscle protein catabolism in uremia were
      studied in female rats. Rats made uremic by 3/4 nephrectomy were compared with
      sham-operated control female rats under conditions of exercise training by
      swimming or no exercise. The release of amino acids from epitrochlearis muscle in
      vitro was measured. Body weight epitrochlearis muscle weight, and epitrochlearis
      protein content were similar among groups. Uremia increased the release of
      phenylalanine and tyrosine 33% and alanine 50% from muscle of sedentary rats.
      Citrate synthase activity and glycogen content of muscle were increased twofold
      by exercise in both controls and uremics. Exercise increased the release of
      alanine (60%), glutamine (50%), and pyruvate (30%) from muscles of control rats,
      but it decreased to control levels the release of phenylalanine and tyrosine in
      uremic rats. Alanine release remained elevated. To determine if exercise training
      increases in vitro muscle sensitivity to insulin, we incubated muscle with and
      without 0.01 U/ml of insulin. Phenylalanine and tyrosine release was reduced
      minimally by insulin in both sedentary uremic and control groups. Glucose uptake
      was enhanced by 55% in both groups. But in the exercised uremic and control
      groups, insulin reduced phenylalanine and tyrosine release by 50% and increased
      glucose uptake by 75%. These results suggest that exercise training reduces
      muscle protein catabolism in uremia; and this reduction is associated with
      enhanced muscle response to pharmacologic doses of insulin in control and uremic
      rats.

PMID- 6376922
TI  - Effects of renal substitutive programs on amino acid patterns in chronic uremia.
AB  - Abnormalities in the amino acid patterns are a constant finding in chronic renal
      failure and can be regarded as one of the typical biochemical alterations of
      uremia. This paper evaluates the long-term effects of various artificial
      substitutive treatments and renal transplantation on plasma and tissue amino acid
      patterns in chronically uremic patients. Fifty-three patients were included in
      the study: 35 on artificial treatments (9 on hemodialysis, 9 on hemofiltration, 4
      on hemoperfusion, 6 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, and 7 on
      intermittent peritoneal dialysis) and 18 with well-functioning renal transplants.
      Complete plasma aminograms were performed in all patients before starting the
      treatment, and repeated every 3 months up to 1 year (artificial therapies) and 3
      years (renal transplantation). The amino acid composition of the bone was also
      determined in 8 dialysis patients and 9 transplant patients. None of the
      artificial therapies was associated with normal plasma patterns either in the
      short- or in the long-term, whereas successful renal transplantation led to
      normalization of the plasma profile within 2 to 4 months in all patients.
      However, bone amino acid composition remained altered both in artificially
      treated and in transplanted patients.

PMID- 6376923
TI  - Skeletal myopathy in uremia: abnormal energy metabolism.

PMID- 6376924
TI  - Leukocyte metabolism and function in uremia.
AB  - Leukocyte metabolism was studied in 13 non-diabetic hemodialysis patients, 8
      clinically stable, nondiabetic transplant recipients, and 13 control subjects.
      Metabolic parameters included rates of oxygen consumption (nmoles/min/10(6)
      cells), glucose uptake, lactate production (nmoles/hr/10(6) cells), and 14C-l
      glucose oxidation to 14CO2 (nmoles/hr/10(6) cells). Granulocyte metabolism was
      stimulated by phagocytosis of opsonized zymosan (Z) and by the membrane
      perturbing agent phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Granulocyte motility in
      response to zymosan-activated plasma (ZAP) was also studied. Granulocytes from
      hemodialysis patients showed significantly impaired stimulated oxygen consumption
      (Z = 2.41 +/- 0.30 vs. 3.73 +/- 0.39; PMA = 2.63 +/- 0.33 vs. 3.67 +/- 0.19),
      resting glucose uptake (17.7 +/- 2.9 vs. 36.5 +/- 3.5), stimulated glucose uptake
      (Z = 44.2 +/- 7.1 vs. 71.8 +/- 5.3; PMA = 63.7 +/- 5.5 vs. 92.8 +/- 5.6),
      stimulated lactate production (Z = 68.4 +/- 5.1 vs. 97.5 +/- 9.3; PMA = 70.7 +/-
      4.9 vs. 92.7 +/- 5.4), and ZAP-stimulated granulocyte motility (16 +/- 3 vs. 30
      +/- 4 mu). Metabolic responses of granulocytes from transplant recipients were
      frequently intermediate between those of hemodialysis patients and controls, but
      not significantly different from controls. Abnormalities of glucose and oxygen
      metabolism in granulocytes from uremic patients may cause or contribute to
      granulocyte dysfunction and vulnerability to infection in such patients.

PMID- 6376925
TI  - [N. I. Pirogov, his students and successors].

PMID- 6376926
TI  - [Sutures for liver wounds].

PMID- 6376927
TI  - [Treatment of suppurative necrotic diseases of the soft tissues and gangrene of
      the lower limbs in diabetic patients (review of the literature)].

PMID- 6376928
TI  - [Infectious inflammatory urologic complications and renal insufficiency after
      radical operations in rectal cancer (review of the literature)].

PMID- 6376929
TI  - [Cesar Roux (on the 50th anniversary of his death)].

PMID- 6376930
TI  - [Treatment of suppurative necrotic forms of mastitis].

PMID- 6376931
TI  - [Dermatoplasty in the restoration of blood circulation and the function of the
      hand after electric burn].

PMID- 6376932
TI  - [Dermatoplasty in avulsion of the skin of the male genital organs].

PMID- 6376933
TI  - [Evaluation and classification of surgical technics for treating perforated
      gastroduodenal ulcers].

PMID- 6376934
TI  - [Results of application of continuous primary suture of the bronchial stump
      during pulmonary resection].

PMID- 6376935
TI  - [Problems of hospital infection in surgical clinics and departments].

PMID- 6376936
TI  - [Concerning the book by O. Kalinskii, "Prescription or Manual for Drawing up
      Proper Prescriptions for Students of the Imperial Academy of Medicine and
      Surgery"].

PMID- 6376937
TI  - [Chronic viral infections].

PMID- 6376938
TI  - [Temporal arteritis and rheumatic polymyalgia].

PMID- 6376940
TI  - [Nursing care of patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation].

PMID- 6376939
TI  - [Paraneoplastic reactions in nephrocarcinoma].

PMID- 6376942
TI  - [Functional state and work capacity of man when breathing oxygen and hypoxic
      mixtures at excess pressure].
AB  - Experiments were carried out at sea level to investigate tolerance and work
      capacity of test subjects breathing 100% oxygen and hypoxic gas mixtures (HGM)
      containing 12.7-12.8% O2 at a positive pressure of 800 mm H2O. All test subjects
      tolerated 1 hour exposure to 100% O2 or HGM under positive pressure. However, HGM
      induced more distinct cardiopulmonary changes than O2. During the first minutes
      of exposure to positive pressure breathing the tracking performance deteriorated
      most. The number of errors was 24.5% with O2 and 21.4% with HGM more than in the
      pretest study. As the adaptation developed, the number of tracking errors
      decreased to reach the pretest level with O2 and to remain 6-10% higher than the
      pretest level with HGM.

PMID- 6376941
TI  - [Vitamins in the process of adaptation to high altitude].
AB  - The data obtained show that adaptation to a high altitude environment is
      accompanied by various metabolic changes. It is recommended to use essential
      nutrients--vitamins to optimize adaptation to this environment and to maintain
      adequate work capacity and good health.

PMID- 6376943
TI  - Methods in laboratory investigation. Digital reversal and enhancement of
      negatives in video-based interactive morphometry.
AB  - We describe a system for the digital reversal of negatives in interactive
      morphometry. Minimum requirements, in addition to a high-resolution black and
      white video camera and monitor, are a readily available digital video frame store
      and a computer system as simple as a microprocessor-based personal computer. In a
      video-based analysis system, the addition of a digital image memory device and
      computer obviates the time and expense of photographic processing of the large
      number of negatives to positive prints required for an appropriate sampling size
      in morphometry. Additionally, the enhancement of digital images to recover
      details in the negative is feasible. This study represents a part of a continuing
      effort to develop an efficient, interactive morphometry system that encourages
      the use of a large number of random samples by simplifying processing.

PMID- 6376944
TI  - The hepatic extracellular matrix. I. Electron immunohistochemical studies in
      normal rat liver.
AB  - Monospecific antibodies directed against fibronectin, type I collagen, and two
      basement membrane components, laminin and type IV collagen, were localized in
      normal rat liver by light and electron microscopy immunohistochemistry. Type I
      collagen was found in the liver capsule, protal stroma, and in Disse's space
      where it was often in direct contact with the hepatocyte plasmalemma; along the
      sinusoidal wall, type I collagen was more abundant at points of branching or
      inflexion. Collagen type IV was found in all basement membranes: ductal, neural,
      and vascular. In addition, small, discrete, discontinuous, deposits of type IV
      collagen were found along the entire length of the sinusoid. Laminin
      codistributed with type IV collagen in all basement membranes but was not found
      in the sinusoidal wall. The structural glycoprotein, fibronectin, was found in
      the liver capsule and portal stroma but not in basement membranes. However,
      fibronectin was found in direct contact with the hepatocytes microvilli forming
      an almost continuous structure; it was the most prominent component of the
      extracellular matrix in Disse's space. These findings provide a new image of the
      Disse's space. Rather than being an empty space, as suggested by classic electron
      microscopy, it was found to contain an extracellular matrix with several unique
      features: type I collagen, in direct contact with hepatocytes and endothelial
      cells, formed the scaffold of the hepatic lobule. Type IV collagen was found
      "free," not associated with laminin and not forming part of a basement membrane.
      Hepatocytes and endothelial cells lacked a basement membrane but were separated
      by an extracellular matrix containing predominantly fibronectin, some type I
      collagen, and occasional spotty deposits of type IV collagen. Future studies of
      the physiology and pathology of the hepatic sinusoid will have to take into
      account this unique extracellular matrix.

PMID- 6376946
TI  - In vitro reendothelialization of a single-cell wound. Role of microfilament
      bundles in rapid lamellipodia-mediated wound closure.
AB  - The mechanism and regulation of reendothelialization of small aortic endothelial
      wounds is not well understood. An in vitro model system was designed to study the
      repair of a wound created by the removal of a single endothelial cell from a
      confluent monolayer. Time-lapse cinemicrophotography was used to characterize the
      kinetics of wound repair. Because all of the endothelial cells adjacent to the
      wound extruded lamellipodia to rapidly close the wound within 30 to 45 minutes,
      the repair process was referred to descriptively as rapid lamellipodia-mediated
      wound closure. Treatment of the wounded cultures with cytochalasin B resulted in
      a marked decrease in lamellipodia extrusion and a significant delay in wound
      closure. Washout of cytochalasin B resulted in the reappearance of lamellipodia
      extrusion and the rapid closure of the wound. Localization of actin
      microfilaments by 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole phallicidin in control and
      cytochalasin B-treated wounds showed that rapid lamellipodia-mediated wound
      closure was associated with the presence of a dense peripheral band of actin
      microfilament bundles normally located around the periphery of each endothelial
      cell in the confluent monolayer. The results suggest that the process of single
      cell wound repair is a function of lamellipodial extrusion which itself may be
      regulated, at least in part, by the actin-containing dense peripheral band of
      microfilament bundles located at the periphery of endothelial cells in confluent
      monolayers.

PMID- 6376945
TI  - Biophysiology of glomerular filtration and proteinuria.

PMID- 6376947
TI  - Segmental staining of the murine nephron by monoclonal antibodies directed
      against the GP-2 subunit of laminin.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies to GP-2, the 220,000-dalton subunit of laminin, were used
      in an immunohistologic study to investigate structural variations in basement
      membranes. Mouse kidney was used because of the wide range of basement membranes
      represented. Two rat/mouse monoclonal antibodies, designated LAM-I and LAM-II
      were compared with rabbit polyclonal anti-GP-2 in a light and electron
      microscopic study that identified nephron segments by morphology, by topography,
      and by the use of markers specific for individual segments. LAM-I staining is
      demonstrable on all tubular and glomerular basement membranes but not on those of
      blood vessels or smooth muscle, differing in this respect from anti-GP-2. LAM-II
      staining is confined to the basement membranes of the convoluted portion of
      proximal tubule segments (S1 and S2), not the straight (S3) portion; to the thin
      limb and the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop, but not distal convoluted
      tubules or collecting ducts. The heterogeneity of GP-2 localization may be due to
      differing conformations of the molecule at these sites.

PMID- 6376948
TI  - Analytical specificity of commercially available methods for serum phenytoin
      determination.
AB  - Phenytoin concentrations in serum obtained from uremic patients and patients with
      normal renal function were measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay
      (FPI), rate nephelometric inhibition immunoassay ( RNII ), and homogeneous enzyme
      immunoassay (EIA) and compared to corresponding values determined by high
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In serum specimens from patients with
      normal renal function, phenytoin concentrations measured by FPI, RNII , and EIA
      averaged within 12% of the corresponding concentrations determined by HPLC.
      Phenytoin concentrations in uremic serum were 20% (FPI), 60% (EIA), and 83% (
      RNII ) higher than corresponding values determined by HPLC. Accumulation of
      phenytoin metabolites in patients with end-stage renal disease was associated
      with artifactually elevated measured serum concentrations of phenytoin. FPI was
      the most specific of the three commercial methods evaluated.

PMID- 6376949
TI  - Analysis of digoxin concentrations in serum by fluorescence polarization
      immunoassay: an evaluation.
AB  - The Abbott TDx fluorescence polarization immunoassay was evaluated for the
      determination of serum digoxin concentrations. Within-assay precision was less
      than 4% coefficient of variation (CV) for concentrations ranging from 0.64 to
      3.75 ng/mL. Between-assay precision was 14.5% CV at 0.75 ng/mL, 5.7% CV at 1.50
      ng/mL, and 4.9% CV at 3.48 ng/mL. Sensitivity to 0.2 ng/mL digoxin was confirmed.
      Correlation of 86 patient specimens assayed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) with the
      TDx showed the following: correlation coefficient r = 0.94, slope = 0.93,
      intercept = 0.11, and Sy/x = 0.19. Recovery from serum at concentrations of 0.97
      ng/mL and 4.50 ng/mL averaged 98%. No significant interference from lipemia,
      icteria, or hemolysis was observed. Spironolactone showed no cross-reactivity
      with the antibody, while digitoxin exhibited significant cross-reactivity.
      Compared to the RIA procedure, the TDx assay was more rapid, reliable and, in
      this clinical situation, more cost effective.

PMID- 6376950
TI  - A review of biomechanical models.
AB  - This paper surveys biomechanical models of the nonimpact type, involving the
      musculo-skeletal system. Models of bones, joints and body segments, including
      human gait and motion of the whole body are discussed. In particular, stress
      analysis of bone, calculation of ligament and muscle forces across joints and the
      kinetics and kinematics of locomotion are discussed. The models are described in
      terms of the method of formulation, the method of solution and the realism of the
      results obtained. There is a need for more data on material properties of various
      body tissues and more experimental research to develop techniques for validating
      many of the models. Further work on the selection of appropriate objective
      functions for indeterminate problems is also required.

PMID- 6376951
TI  - Effect of elemental diet on albumin and urea synthesis: comparison with partially
      hydrolyzed protein diet.
AB  - Enhanced nitrogen utilization occurs when adults with gastrointestinal disease
      are fed partially hydrolyzed proteins instead of isonitrogenous, isocaloric
      crystalline amino acids. A controlled trial was conducted to determine if this
      difference was also seen in malnourished stressed cancer patients and to gain an
      understanding of the underlying mechanism. Sixteen malnourished patients with
      head and neck cancer were prospectively randomized to either crystalline amino
      acid-glucose (CAA-G) or partially hydrolyzed protein-glucose (PHP-G) diets.
      Patients were fed via an enteral tube for 10 days starting on the second
      postoperative day. Blood SMA-6 and amino acid levels were measured on Days 1 and
      10. Daily calorie counts and fluid balance were obtained. Daily 24-hr urine and
      stools were analyzed for total N during the last 5 days of the study period. The
      daily positive N balance with both diets was the same (CAA-G = +7.8 +/- 0.8 vs
      PHP-G = +8.2 +/- 1.0 g; mean +/- SE) and 3-methylhistidine:creatinine ratio did
      not differ. Patients on PHP-G diet gained significantly more weight (+0.5 vs -
      1.5 kg; P less than 0.01) and had significantly higher serum albumin (3.2 +/- 0.2
      vs 2.8 +/- 0.1 g/dl; P = 0.5) by the end of the 10th study day. Weight changes
      were not due to fluid retention: serum Na+, K+, creatinine and mean fluid intake
      for the two groups remained the same during the study period. A significantly
      greater rise in BUN occurred on the CAA-G diet (from 9.2 +/- 1.7 to 15.4 +/- 1.4
      mg/dl; P less than 0.05) while BUN remained unchanged on the PHP-G diet.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6376952
TI  - Early mechanical function in the heterotopic heart transplant.
AB  - The characteristics of left ventricular (LV) function in the nonimmunosuppressed
      heterotopic heart transplant (TX) with less than 3 hr of cold preservation, were
      studied in 12 awake chronically instrumented dogs prior to TX (control), 1-12 hr
      post TX (P1), 12-24 hr post TX (P2), and 24-48 hr post TX (P3). Micromanometers
      measured LV transmural pressure and ultrasonic transducers measured ventricular
      dimension in order to allow calculations of myocardial mechanical properties.
      Immediately after transplant (P1) there was significant (P less than 0.05)
      depression noted in both diastolic function and systolic function (peak LV
      pressure, 137 +/- 5 vs 80 +/- 10 mm Hg; dp/dtmax, 2642 +/- 170 vs 1038 +/- 98 mm
      Hg/sec; maximum velocity of minor axis shortening, 4.46 +/- 0.50 vs 2.41 +/-
      0.56; and Emax, 6.5 +/- 1.2 vs 2.0 +/- 1.4 mm Hg/ml). However, the contractility
      reserve (studied in six dogs) as estimated by postextrasystolic potentiation
      ratio was maintained (1.41 +/- 0.07 vs 1.37 +/- 0.15), suggesting reversibility
      of the depressed function. Over the next 2 days the diastolic function and the
      systolic function (at P3: 109 +/- 6 mm Hg, 1842 +/- 450 mm Hg/sec, 5.54 +/- 0.77
      cm/sec, and 4.5 +/- 1.3 mm Hg/ml, respectively) gradually improved toward
      control. Microscopic examination of the autopsied hearts did not show significant
      evidence of rejection. Thus, the early depression of function in the heart TX
      appeared to be the result of ischemia from preservation and surgical
      trauma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6376953
TI  - Maltose absorption as an indicator of small-intestinal allograft rejection.
AB  - Maltose and lactose absorption, which require an intact brush border for
      breakdown and absorption as glucose, was evaluated as a function test to monitor
      the integrity of the small-bowel graft. Using the rat model of accessory small
      bowel transplantation, absorption tests (in the form of an oral glucose tolerance
      test) were performed on iso- and allografts with either portal (PP-A) or caval
      venous drainage (PC-A). In isografts the absorption of maltose was found to be
      reproducible and not influenced by the type of venous drainage. This was not the
      case with the use of lactose which thus was not studied further. Allografts with
      PC-A demonstrated a reduction in their capacity for maltose absorption on the
      fifth postoperative day, as the glucose peak at 30 min (T30) was significantly
      blunted in comparison to that for isografts with PC-A (167 mg% +/- 12 vs 204 mg%
      +/- 8). Functional impairment preceded histologic changes which did not arise
      before the sixth-to-seventh postoperative day in rats with PC-A. Allografts with
      PP-A absorbed maltose on the fifth postoperative day nearly as effectively as did
      isografts (T30 min: 185 mg% +/- 14 vs 213 mg% +/- 8). By the ninth postoperative
      day, the serum glucose curve after maltose administration was flattened for
      grafts with PC-A (T30 min: 137 mg% +/- 11) which were rejected acutely (host's
      death) after 11.8 days +/- 0.45. A similar impairment of maltose absorption was
      not seen in the PP-A group (chronic graft rejection after 22.8 days +/- 1.8)
      until the 15th postoperative day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6376954
TI  - Interrelationship of pregnancy and athletic performance.

PMID- 6376955
TI  - Localized laryngeal lymphoma.
AB  - A 23-year-old man with a 3-month history of hoarseness was found to have a
      polypoid histiocytic lymphoma arising from the anterior commissure and the
      adjacent epiglottis. Work-ups including a staging laparotomy were negative.
      Irradiation of 4,400 rads to the larynx was given. The patient was disease-free 3
      1/2 years after diagnosis.

PMID- 6376956
TI  - Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone of fixed pulse frequency and duration. A
      simplified system for studying the effect of varying pulse concentration on LH
      release from cytodex I attached anterior pituitary cells.
AB  - The literature indicates agreement concerning basic differences in the behavior
      of the pituitary toward pulsatile and continuous luteinizing hormone releasing
      hormone (LHRH); however, conflicting results seem to exist concerning pituitary
      behavior toward pulsatile LHRH (Hopkins, 1977; Smith and Vale, 1981). Most
      superfusion studies have utilized pulses of 15-30 minutes during which the cells
      were exposed to pharmacological quantities of LHRH. Differences in results may
      have arisen because of the varying methodologies utilized to administer pulse
      frequency, pulse duration, and pulse concentration; therefore, the present
      studies utilized standardized methodology in which the LHRH pulse frequency and
      pulse duration were maintained constant while the pulse concentration was varied.
      Pulsatile LHRH of fixed concentration was associated with a relatively rapid loss
      of responsiveness, while small increases in each subsequent pulse served to
      prolong the period of responsiveness. The results indicated that seemingly small
      changes in the methological pattern of LHRH stimulation are capable of exerting
      an influence on the response to subsequent LHRH stimulation. Caution should
      therefore be exerted in comparing the results from different experiments
      utilizing different methodological designs for applying LHRH stimulation. In
      practical terms, these studies indicate that results must be interpreted
      carefully from experiments in which a fixed pool of pituitary cells has been
      repeatedly stimulated by LHRH. This is especially true with dose-response curves
      generated by this method and with experiments designed to study LHRH self-priming
      and desensitization.

PMID- 6376957
TI  - Continuous monitoring of prostacyclin production by the isolated, intact, rat
      aorta using a bioassay technique.
AB  - Isolated rat aortae were perfused with Krebs buffer in vitro and the synthesis of
      prostacyclin-like material (PGI2-L) was continuously monitored by measuring the
      contraction of a superperfused rat stomach strip exposed to the aortic perfusate.
      PGI2-L release was high after initiation of the aorta perfusion but then
      gradually declined and stabilized at a basal rate of production that was
      maintained for at least 180 min. Levels of 6 keto prostaglandin F1
      alpha(6ketoPGF1 alpha), the stable breakdown product of PGI2, in the aortic
      perfusate reflected the changes in biological activity. The concentration of PGE2
      in the aortic perfusate remained constant throughout the experiment while the
      level of thromboxane (Tx)B2 (the stable product of TxA2) decreased with time to
      below the level of detection of the radioimmunoassay (RIA) used. All biological
      activity was abolished by heating the aortic perfusate for 30 min at 37 degrees
      C, while perfusing with 30 microM indomethacin inhibited aorta PGI-L formation.
      Analysis (by linear regression) of the relationship between PGI2-L formation and
      the body weight or age of the animals used revealed that PGI2-L synthesis was
      better related to body weight (r2 = 0.90) than age (r2 = 0.75).

PMID- 6376958
TI  - The development of a technique for the morphometric analysis of invasion in
      cancer.
AB  - We describe tests of the feasibility of a reconstructive technique to
      discriminate between expansive growth and active cell movement in the invasion of
      tissues by cancer cells. The densities of cancer cells in 2210 microns2 (grid)
      squares of standard 6 microns fixed, stained histologic sections of a nodule and
      an invasive cutaneous melanoma were determined, and density maps of the tumors
      constructed. An abrupt transition from saturation density to zero cell density
      was observed at the advancing edge (towards the stratum corneum) of the tumor
      nodule which was consistent with a model for expansion by growth (vis a tergo).
      In contrast, at the advancing edge of the invasive tumor, the transition from
      saturation to zero density (towards the subcutaneous tissues) occurred more
      gradually, over approximately 400 mum, which was consistent with a model for
      invasion by active movement of melanoma cells. The occurrence of statistically
      significant "high density regions" near to the advancing edge of the invasive
      tumor is consistent with an invasive pattern of active movement followed by focal
      proliferation of the cancer cells, in a repetitious manner. It therefore appears
      feasible to make kinetic reconstructions of some of the events in invasion, from
      static quantitative observations.

PMID- 6376959
TI  - Limitations of blood conservation.
AB  - Blood conservation has been most successful when blood salvage techniques have
      been combined with postoperative normovolemic hemodilution. The hemodynamic and
      myocardial metabolic responses to normovolemic hemodilution were assessed in a
      prospective randomized trial. Twenty-seven patients were randomized to receive
      either blood and colloid solutions (colloid group, 13 patients) or crystalloid
      fluids (crystalloid group, 14 patients) following elective coronary
      revascularization. Although seven patients in the crystalloid group received
      blood products when the hemoglobin level fell below 7 gm/dl, blood bank
      requirements were less in the crystalloid group (colloid, 3.6 +/- 1.2 L;
      crystalloid, 1.5 +/- 1.0 L, p less than 0.01). The crystalloid group received
      twice as much fluid to maintain normovolemia (left atrial pressure between 8 and
      10 mm Hg) in the first 72 hours postoperatively (colloid, 6.5 +/- 1.9 L;
      crystalloid, 14.5 +/- 3.1 L, p less than 0.01). The infusion of large volumes of
      crystalloid fluids resulted in a progressive postoperative anemia (hemoglobin:
      colloid, 12.1 +/- 1.6 gm/dl, crystalloid 8.9 +/- 1.7 gm/dl, p less than 0.01, 20
      hours postoperatively). Although the crystalloid-treated patients had peripheral
      edema, pulmonary edema could not be documented and there was no difference in the
      physiological shunt fractions between the two groups. Preload (left atrial
      pressure), afterload (mean arterial pressure), and cardiac index were similar in
      the two groups. The crystalloid group had a delayed recovery of myocardial oxygen
      and lactate extraction postoperatively. Volume loading and atrial pacing 3 to 5
      hours postoperatively maintained myocardial lactate extraction in the colloid
      group but decreased myocardial lactate extraction to ischemic levels in the
      crystalloid group. The use of crystalloid rather than colloid fluids in the early
      postoperative period conserved blood products but resulted in postoperative
      anemia and was associated with a delay in myocardial metabolic recovery.
      Normovolemic hemodilution should be employed with caution in patients who are at
      risk of perioperative ischemic injury.

PMID- 6376960
TI  - Biochemical and ultrastructural integrity of the saphenous vein conduit during
      coronary artery bypass grafting. Preliminary results of the effect of papaverine.
AB  - Factors associated with early and late graft patency related to aorta-coronary
      artery bypass grafting with a reversed segment of saphenous vein are clinically
      important. The present investigation examines the biochemical and electron
      microscopic integrity of this venous conduit intraoperatively with regard to
      pharmacologic manipulation with papaverine. Portions of saphenous vein were
      analyzed in 22 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass operations. Levels of a
      stable derivative of prostacyclin, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, were measured by
      radioimmunoassay. Scanning as well as transmission electron microscopy was also
      performed. In particular, the efficacy of local vein treatment with papaverine, a
      phosphodiesterase inhibitor, was evaluated. We found that levels of 6-keto-PGF1
      alpha in venous effluent showed a biphasic response with initial elevation
      followed by a relative depression after papaverine exposure. There were no such
      changes observed in veins subjected to a balanced electrolyte solution (Plasma
      Lyte). In addition, levels of the platelet-inhibitory substance 6-keto-PGF1 alpha
      in venous tissue were less in papaverine-treated veins than those found in veins
      treated only with the balanced electrolyte solution (Plasma-Lyte). Furthermore,
      evidence for ultrastructural damage was also somewhat greater in the papaverine
      treated group. An alternative method of dilating the saphenous vein after
      harvesting, which involves the creation of the proximal aorta-coronary
      anastomosis first and gentle finger manipulation subsequently, appeared to
      minimize venous injury. Under present clinical conditions, it appears that some
      amount of injury is inevitable during harvesting and suturing of the human
      saphenous vein during coronary bypass grafting.

PMID- 6376961
TI  - A new approach to merging neuronal tree segments traced from serial sections.
AB  - The merging process which is one of the most significant problems in computer
      aided reconstruction of neuronal trees has been investigated. This paper reports
      a new approach in merging tree segments traced from serial sections. The research
      was motivated by the fact that in most cases users can distinguish connectable
      cut ends of the different tree segments without any interaction, and with this
      knowledge merging can be easily solved by a computer program added to the neuron
      reconstruction program system at Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest.
      Then, the merged neuron trees can be handled as if they had been digitized from
      one histological section.

PMID- 6376962
TI  - A simple method for the separation of retinal sublayers from the entire retina
      with special reference to application for cell culture.
AB  - We developed a simple method for the separation of rat retinal sublayers. The rat
      retina was carefully removed from the sclera and treated in trypsin solution.
      After this treatment, the retinal sublayers could be easily separated by using
      Millipore filter paper into an outer nuclear layer, an inner nuclear layer, an
      inner plexiform layer, and a ganglion cell layer + nerve fiber layer. The viable
      cells of each of the sublayers could be cultured on a poly-L-lysine coated
      chamber for at least several weeks in Eagle's minimum essential medium
      supplemented with calf serum and glucose.

PMID- 6376963
TI  - Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
AB  - Chronic cerebral vasospasm remains the most important cause of subsequent
      morbidity in patients who survive the first 48 to 72 hours after a subarachnoid
      hemorrhage. Prolonged arterial narrowing compromises cerebral hemodynamics and
      results in cerebral ischemia. Among patients in whom symptomatic chronic cerebral
      vasospasm develops, almost half die or have a serious residual neurologic
      deficit. Present evidence indicates that sustained vessel narrowing results from
      structural changes within the arterial wall rather than from active contraction
      of vascular smooth muscle. The mechanism (or mechanisms) responsible for these
      changes is unknown, but damage from prolonged active arterial contraction,
      depression of vessel wall respiration, and an inflammatory response have all been
      proposed as explanations. Despite more than 30 years of intensive study, an
      effective treatment program for chronic cerebral vasospasm remains elusive.
      Recent therapeutic trials, however, based on efforts to interrupt the mechanisms
      responsible for these structural changes hold some promise.

PMID- 6376964
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus X: corticosteroid therapy and its complications.

PMID- 6376965
TI  - Cancer and normal ageing.
AB  - Cancer has a monoclonal origin in a pre-mitotic cell and usually a multistep
      pathogenesis. The initiation of tumor development and most stages in tumor
      progression involve point mutations, chromosomal rearrangements, and often
      changes in gene dosage. Simultaneously, there is continuing selection of the cell
      clones most resistant to growth-regulating substances and/or lacking specific
      immunologic markers. Normal ageing is partly pre-programmed as demonstrated by
      the constancy of the maximum survival time for a species under various external
      conditions resulting in different mean survival times. Emerging evidence of
      characteristic DNA changes in post-mitotic cells of old individuals may turn out
      to be part of the programmed changes. However, random accumulation of mutational
      defects in both pre- and post-mitotic cells is an unavoidable consequence of
      physics and therefore contributes to normal ageing and the accompanying increase
      in cell diversity. Cancer incidence increases with age. Firstly, because extended
      exposure increases the risk of inflicting the DNA changes prerequisite to
      oncogenesis; secondly, because the progression from one malignant cell to
      detectable tumor is a matter of 10-30 per cent of a species maximum life span;
      and thirdly, because some alterations characteristic of normal ageing increase
      the susceptibility to carcinogens. There probably is an overlap of
      etiologic/accelerating factors for cancer and ageing. Such aspects of normal
      ageing such as decline in DNA repair capacity and decline in cellular immune
      reactivity should facilitate induction and early growth of neoplasia. Age changes
      that counteract cancer development include (hormonal) loss of proliferative
      stimulation and depletion of the pool of immature cells at greatest risk.

PMID- 6376966
TI  - Microcomputer-controlled device for delivering hormone stimulation to cell
      suspensions in perifusion: release of luteinising hormone from sheep pituitary
      cells.

PMID- 6376967
TI  - [Physiologic and physiopathologic implications of insulin-receptor interaction
      (II). Pathologic situations in which changes in insulin-receptor interaction are
      detected].

PMID- 6376968
TI  - [Alveolar lavage: a recent method of exploration].

PMID- 6376969
TI  - [Transplantation of the parathyroids].

PMID- 6376970
TI  - [Type A personality: a risk factor in coronary disease].

PMID- 6376971
TI  - [Bone marrow transplant. A panel of donors and selection by the HLA system].

PMID- 6376972
TI  - [Tethered cord syndrome with intradural sacral lipoma in an adult male].

PMID- 6376973
TI  - [Cerebral amyloid angiopathy].

PMID- 6376974
TI  - [Erythema nodosum and Salmonella enteritidis gastroenteritis: a less uncommon
      association than is supposed?].

PMID- 6376975
TI  - [Current status of ashy dermatosis. Synonym--erythema dyschromicum perstans].
AB  - A clinical, histopathological, therapeutical and epidemiologic review of Ashy
      Dermatosis is done. This research has been taken from scientific publications,
      computers and personal communications. In twenty five years of scientific medical
      investigations it has not been determined its truth etiology , nor its
      therapeutic; this confirms it, as a new nosologic entity well defined. The
      epidemiologic researches are concludent that this is not a tropical disease
      exclusively, but one of all over the world. We hope to obtain more references on
      this dermatosis throughout the Sessions of Specialties of CILAD regarding this
      disease.

PMID- 6376976
TI  - [Successful intralesional treatment of leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania
      brasiliensis panamensis using glucantime].
AB  - The results of the treatment of 45 cases of Leishmaniosis (by "L. brasiliensis
      panamensis") with intralesional injections of glucanthime are reported (one or
      two injections with 8 days of interval). This method is considered as the best
      for the disease.

PMID- 6376977
TI  - [Cytotoxicity in psoriasis].
AB  - The authors study three cytotoxicity system in psoriasis: direct cytotoxicity
      (DCC), antibodies mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and activated lymphocytes mediated
      cytotoxicity (PCC). The results of DCC and PCC are in the normal values, while
      ADCC are a somewhat increased, showing a hyperactivity of this system, which
      could explain some physiopathological phenomena of this disease. We consider this
      finding as secondary to an alteration of the immune system by dysbalance of B-T
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 6376978
TI  - [Primary abdominal actinomycosis. Report of a case].
AB  - It is the first case of primary cutaneous abdominal actynomycosis in El Salvador,
      observed at the Institute Salvadorian of Social Security. It is the seventh case
      of primary cutaneous actynomycosis to be diagnosed clinically and by laboratory.
      Penicillin continues to be the selective treatment for this type of deep mycosis.

PMID- 6376979
TI  - [Use of etretinate (RO-10-9359) in intermittent doses and follow-up for 1 year in
      patients with psoriasis. Final report].
AB  - p6e results of the treatment of 21 cases of psoriasis with etretinate are
      reported. The initial doses was 1 mg./Kg./daily for 8 weeks and, after control of
      the disease, minimal doses alternative with placebo administration. This method
      permits to obtain good results with minimal side effects.

PMID- 6376981
TI  - [What is your diagnosis? Multiple keratoacanthomas].

PMID- 6376980
TI  - [Double-blind comparative study of RO-13-8996 with miconazole in relation to its
      efficiency and local tolerance in patients with dermatomycosis].
AB  - A study to compare the efficacy of miconazole 2% cream with the oxiconazole 1%
      cream for the treatment of dermatophytosis was conducted in a group of 48
      patients. The "double-blind" method was used. There was no difference in the
      successive control of the lesions, both drugs proved to be good in a lapse of
      about six weeks. There were no symptoms of intolerance.

PMID- 6376982
TI  - [Connective tissue nevus in disseminated tumors (of Graciansky and Leclercq)].
AB  - We describe three cases of Connective tissue nevi in disseminated tumors, similar
      to those referred by de Graciansky and Leclercq . Although clinically similar,
      their different dermopathological pictures stand out, as does the fact that one
      showed osteopoikilid . We review the clinical and dermopathological features,
      nosology, associations, differential diagnosis and therapeutic procedures.

PMID- 6376983
TI  - [Infections caused by group B streptococci--a perinatal problem].

PMID- 6376984
TI  - [The man behind the syndrome: Jean-Martin Charcot. Classical French neurology was
      created under his inspiring leadership].

PMID- 6376985
TI  - [50 years of diabetic research. Brilliant discoveries but with a large gap
      between the research and the patient's situation].

PMID- 6376986
TI  - [Automatic suture devices: advantages and indications for gastrointestinal
      surgery].

PMID- 6376987
TI  - Surgical repair of extratemporal facial nerve: a comparison of suture repair and
      microfibrillar collagen repair.
AB  - The extratemporal portion of the facial nerve is often severed by various forms
      of surgical and non-surgical trauma. A commonly accepted method of repair is with
      monofilament nylon suture, using microsurgical techniques to approximate the
      epineurium. A study was designed to compare the clinical and histologic success
      of repair using microfibrillar collagen hemostat (Avitene) with that of suture
      repair of the epineurium. Although the success rates of these two methods of
      repair of peripheral facial nerves in rabbits appear to be functionally
      equivalent, the histologic results show the suture repair to be superior.

PMID- 6376988
TI  - Central opiate mechanism involved in gastro-intestinal motor disturbances induced
      by E. coli endotoxin in sheep.
AB  - Intravenous injection of small doses of E. coli endotoxin in sheep inhibited
      phasic contractions of forestomach and altered the myoelectrical activity of the
      antrum, duodenal bulb and jejunum. Previous intracerebroventricular
      administration of naloxone at a dose without effect when given intravenously (10
      micrograms X kg-1) antagonized the endotoxin-induced inhibition of forestomach
      and alteration of the gastrointestinal myoelectrical activity.

PMID- 6376989
TI  - The role of prostacyclin in the hypercapnic and hypoxic cerebrovascular
      dilations.
AB  - The cerebral blood flow (CBF H/A) and the production of a stable prostacyclin
      metabolite, 6-Keto PGF 1 alpha ( 6KPGF ) was studied in 5 baboons in control,
      hypercapnic and hypoxic conditions. In steady-state conditions CBF H/A was
      measured by the clearance of an intra-arterial bolus injection of 133xenon and
      arterial and cerebral venous blood was sampled for assay of 6KPGF by
      radioimmunoassay. Both hypercapnia and hypoxia significantly increased CBF H/A
      and both increments were abolished by indomethacin. However, only hypoxia showed
      an increased 6KPGF production. Thus, hypoxia, but not hypercapnia, appears to
      produce cerebral vasodilation by increasing prostacyclin production.

PMID- 6376990
TI  - Comparative ability of chicken and mammalian LHRH to release LH from rooster
      pituitary cells in vitro.
AB  - Biological properties of homogeneous solutions of chicken (c) and mammalian (m)
      LHRH were compared by their ability to release LH, in vitro, from a rooster
      pituitary cell incubation system. Homogeneity of the two LHRH species was
      confirmed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) using linear gradients
      of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer. A clear HPLC separation of [Gln8]-LHRH (
      cLHRH ) and [Arg8]-LHRH ( mLHRH ) was obtained, with the former having a
      consistently longer retention time than the latter. cLHRH cause a greater (p less
      than .025) in vitro release of LH at low doses (less than 1 ng/2 X 10(5) live
      pituitary cells), but not at high doses (greater than 10 ng/2 X 10(5) live
      pituitary cells), than that caused by mLHRH . Our results indicate that rooster
      pituitary cells are significantly more sensitive to low doses of cLHRH than to
      similar doses of mLHRH , when assessed by their ability to release LH in vitro.

PMID- 6376991
TI  - Prostaglandin biosynthesis does not participate in isoproterenol-induced renin
      release.
AB  - Rat renal slices were incubated in two different media. One was a normal K,
      physiological saline solution and the other a high K medium. Renin release was
      measured every 15 min in the presence and absence of 10(-6) M isoproterenol and
      also in the presence and absence of aspirin, 0.8 or 1.6 X 10(-5) M. In all
      experiments renin release was linear during the 75 min of incubation.
      Isoproterenol increased renin release by approximately 100%. This was the case
      even in the presence of aspirin which significantly inhibited prostaglandin
      release (PGE2, PGF2 alpha and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha). Nor was there any reduction in
      the basal secretory rate by aspirin alone. These data are taken to indicate that
      aspirin in pharmacological doses does not interfere with either in vitro basal
      release rates of renin, nor the response to B agonists. It is also suggested that
      B agonists do not exert their effect by stimulating prostaglandin secretion.

PMID- 6376992
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of insulin- and somatostatin-like material in
      human breast tumors.
AB  - Four types of human breast lesions and C3H mouse mammary adenocarcinomas (type A)
      were examined for the immunocytochemical localization of cells containing hormone
      like substances. Insulin- or somatostatin-like immunoreactive material was
      observed in scattered single cells and nests of tumor cells in seven of eight
      infiltrating duct carcinomas, and in the majority of tumor cells from an
      anaplastic carcinoma. A few somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were observed in
      only one of seven fibroadenomas studied. No immunoreactive cells were observed in
      mouse adenocarcinomas or in human breast dysplasias. These results suggest that
      cells with hormone-like immunoreactivity may be a common feature in two types of
      malignant human breast tumors.

PMID- 6376993
TI  - Increased plasma and tissue levels of vitamin E in the spontaneously diabetic BB
      rat.
AB  - Increased plasma and tissue levels of vitamin E were found in spontaneously
      diabetic BB rats (D) as well as asymptomatic/diabetes-prone BB rats (AD) in
      comparison to levels in non-diabetic control rats (ND). Treatment of D rats with
      insulin for 30 days returned plasma and tissue values of vitamin E to control
      levels. The changes reported here could not be explained solely on the basis of
      variations in total lipid content of plasma. These data suggest the metabolism of
      vitamin E is altered in asymptomatic and spontaneously diabetic BB rats and this
      alteration returns to control values following insulin treatment. Furthermore, it
      might be speculated that these data indicate a relationship between vitamin E and
      insulin.

PMID- 6376994
TI  - Molecular aspects of idiopathic urolithiasis.

PMID- 6376995
TI  - [40th anniversary of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences].

PMID- 6376996
TI  - [Coordinated platinum compounds in experimental and clinical oncology].

PMID- 6376998
TI  - Nursing revisited: the 1903 convention.

PMID- 6376997
TI  - [Clinical trials (phase 1-2) of hypoxic radiotherapy].

PMID- 6376999
TI  - President's message.

PMID- 6377000
TI  - [The concept of regression in Freud].

PMID- 6377001
TI  - [Toxic role of an endogenous substance: 1,4-butanediol].

PMID- 6377002
TI  - [Advances in the chemotherapy of leprosy].
AB  - The chemotherapy of multibacillary leprosy with dapsone alone has resulted after
      15-20 years in the selection and the diffusion of dapsone resistant Mycobacterium
      leprae. To overcome dapsone resistance, to prevent the selection of organisms
      resistant to other drugs and to kill the largest proportion of sensitive M.
      leprae, the chemotherapy of leprosy must rely, as chemotherapy of tuberculosis,
      upon the combination of several drugs. Rifampicin is included in all drug
      combinations recommended by WHO. The drug combinations have to be given for at
      least six months in patients with paucibacillary leprosy and two years in
      patients with multibacillary leprosy.

PMID- 6377003
TI  - Hickman catheter infections in patients with malignancies.
AB  - The infectious complications associated with implantation of 1,088 Hickman
      catheters (HCs) in 992 patients reported in 18 published series are presented
      (including data on 129 previously unreported HCs from our own institution). HCs
      allow reliable long-term venous access (mean, 92.4 days) with low complication
      and infection rates (0.30 and 0.14 cases per 100 catheter days, respectively).
      Exit site infections were the most common form of infection encountered (45.5%),
      followed by septicemia alone (30.8%), tunnel infections (20.3%), and septic
      thrombophlebitis (3.5%). Staphylococcus epidermidis (54.1%) and S. aureus (20.0%)
      were the most common pathogens responsible for catheter infections. HC infections
      were associated with a low mortality rate (maximum rate of 0.5%). Risk factor
      analysis of 129 HCs demonstrated that catheter thrombosis was the major risk
      factor associated with development of catheter infection. Presence of fever,
      distant infection, neutropenia or antibiotic administration on the day of
      catheter insertion was not significantly associated with HC infection in this
      series (although there was a trend suggesting an increased risk of infection of
      HCs inserted during febrile episodes). Based on observations at our institution
      and from a review of the literature, tentative recommendations for management of
      the various types of HC infections are outlined.

PMID- 6377004
TI  - Diffuse proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis. Determination of prognostic
      significance of clinical, laboratory and pathologic factors.
AB  - Clinical, laboratory and pathological factors in 35 females with diffuse
      proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis were analyzed to determine the prognostic
      significance of the individual variables. The clinical and laboratory variables
      were age, serum creatinine (Cr), serum C3, serum C4 and proteinuria at the time
      of biopsy while the biopsy ones included intraglomerular monocytic infiltration
      (NSE index), total glomerular deposits, extent of subendothelial deposits, extent
      of extraglomerular deposits, tubulo-interstitial inflammation, relative tubulo
      interstitial volume and total pathologic score. Standard morphometric and
      counting procedures were used to determine the levels of all pathologic variables
      but pathologic score and extra glomerular deposits where grading estimates were
      done. Survival curves were determined by the life table method. Logrank and chi
      square tests were used to establish levels of statistical significance. Seven
      patients developed established renal failure (Cr greater than or equal to 2.0 on
      two or more occasions at least 3 months apart) and nine showed significant
      deterioration of renal function (decrease in CrCl of 25% or more in between
      biopsy and last follow-up visit or an increase in serum Cr of 0.4 mg/dl or more
      over the follow-up period). The 5-year renal survival rate (absence of
      established renal failure) for the whole group was 77%. Serum Cr (p less than
      .005) and extent of extraglomerular deposits (p less than .025) were shown to be
      significant prognostic factors for renal survival. Of the seven patients who
      developed renal failure none had an NSE index greater than 3.0 and one had a C3
      greater than or equal to 45 mg/dl. Statistically these factors were weak
      prognostic indicators (0.5 less than p less than .1). Multivariate analysis
      demonstrated that the extraglomerular deposit factor contributed significant
      additional prognostic information to that provided by Cr. Although not important
      as a prognostic factor on its own, the NSE index significantly improved the
      prognostic performance of serum Cr. The product of the NSE index and serum C3
      proved to be a strong prognostic factor (p less than .005).

PMID- 6377005
TI  - Congenitally osteopetrotic (oplop) mice are not cured by transplants of spleen or
      bone marrow cells from normal littermates.
AB  - Congenital mammalian osteopetrosis is characterized by a generalized skeletal
      sclerosis due to reduced bone resorption by osteoclasts. This condition can be
      cured in several mutant strains of mice and rats by transplantation of spleen or
      bone marrow cells from normal littermates. The ability of this regimen to cure
      osteopetrosis in oplop mice was examined in 23 mice treated with spleen or bone
      marrow cells from normal littermates and followed for up to 80 days. In no
      instance was there radiographic or histologic evidence of removal of the
      excessive skeletal mass characteristic of the disease. These data show that
      spleen or bone marrow cells do not cure osteopetrosis in this mutation. Recent
      demonstrations that not all children with congenital osteopetrosis are cured by
      bone marrow transplants from HLA-matched donors suggest that the oplop mouse
      mutation may be a useful model system in which to develop alternate treatments.

PMID- 6377006
TI  - Effects of fasting on beta-cell function, body fat, islet volume, and total
      pancreatic insulin content.
AB  - The effect of 24 to 48 hours of fasting on beta-cell function, islet area, islet
      number, and total pancreatic insulin content was examined in mice. Estimation of
      total body fat mass was based on the known relationship between weight of the
      gonadal fat pad and percentage of total body fat. The body fat decreased by 31%
      after 24 hours and 68% after 48 hours (P = 0.003) of fasting. Glucose-stimulated
      insulin release from the isolated, perfused mouse pancreas decreased by 50% and
      76% after 24 and 48 hours, respectively, without affecting the dynamic pattern of
      insulin secretion. The fall in secreted amount of insulin was closely related to
      the decrease in the body fat (P = 0.002). The islet area was determined by
      planimetric quantitation of the perfusion-stained pancreatic islets and was
      related to the total pancreatic insulin content. Neither islet area nor islet
      number changed significantly during the fasting periods, whereas a higher
      pancreatic insulin content was found in mice fasted for 24 hours. A close
      connection existed between total pancreatic insulin content and islet area (P =
      0.003). Our data suggest that the decrement in body fat induced by fasting is
      synchronized with a progressive loss of the capability of the pancreatic beta
      cells to release insulin.

PMID- 6377007
TI  - Hormonal regulation of glucose transport in contracting skeletal muscle from
      normal and diabetic rats.
AB  - Using the hindlimb perfusion system, we have studied glycogenolysis and glucose
      transport in resting and contracting skeletal muscle from normal and diabetic
      rats. Glucose transport was measured using the glucose analogue 2-deoxyglucose.
      The muscles were treated for 15 minutes with either saline solution, insulin (1
      mU/mL) or epinephrine (10(-7) mol/L) at rest and during electrical stimulation.
      In the resting muscle, basal glycogen was lower in diabetic rats (25 v 40
      mumol/g), was not affected by insulin in either group, and was decreased by
      epinephrine in normal rats (to 26 mumol/g) but not in diabetic rats. Basal
      glucose transport was identical in the two groups (7.5 mumol/100 g/minute), was
      stimulated by insulin to a greater extent in diabetics (fivefold) than in normal
      rats (threefold), but was unaffected by epinephrine in either group. In
      contracting muscle, glycogen was decreased by 10 mumol/g in normal and diabetic
      rats independently of hormonal treatment. Basal glucose transport was not
      affected by muscle contraction with or without epinephrine, whereas the
      stimulatory effect of insulin on this process was blunted by such contraction
      (result, 10 mumoles/100 g/minute). We conclude that in normal and diabetic rats,
      muscle contraction stimulates glycogen breakdown independently of hormonal
      treatment; muscle contraction per se does not increase glucose transport; and
      finally, contracting muscle uses glycogen rather than circulating glucose as
      energy substrate.

PMID- 6377008
TI  - Direct effect of human growth hormone to inhibit glucose uptake in cultured human
      fibroblasts.
AB  - We have examined the effect of human growth hormone (HGH) on both basal and
      insulin stimulated glucose uptake in human fibroblasts. High concentrations of
      HGH (100 micrograms/mL) depressed both basal and insulin-stimulated glucose
      uptake by 25%. Significant inhibition was not seen at concentrations below 50
      micrograms/mL of HGH. HGH-related hormones like human prolactin and ovine growth
      hormone had no effect on glucose uptake while high concentrations of ovine
      prolactin reduced basal glucose uptake, albeit to a lesser degree than HGH. In
      conclusion, high concentrations of HGH act independently of insulin to inhibit
      glucose uptake in human fibroblasts. These data may help explain the glucose
      imbalance and insulin resistance that is characteristic of acromegaly.

PMID- 6377009
TI  - The pH jump: probing of macromolecules and solutions by a laser-induced,
      ultrashort proton pulse--theory and applications in biochemistry.

PMID- 6377010
TI  - Laser photolysis in biochemistry.

PMID- 6377011
TI  - Density gradient electrophoresis of mammalian cells.

PMID- 6377012
TI  - Historical development and newer means of temperature measurement in
      biochemistry.

PMID- 6377013
TI  - Nucleotide sequence and functional properties of DNA encoding incompatibility in
      the broad host-range plasmid R1162.
AB  - A 370 base pair (bp) fragment of R1162 DNA encoding the incompatibility
      determinant has been cloned and sequenced. The DNA is located between 6.1 and 6.5
      on the R1162 map, near the origin of replication. The sequence contains three
      perfectly conserved 20 bp direct repeats, with 11 bp of this sequence repeated a
      fourth time. The direct repeat unit shows some homology with that of another,
      unrelated broad host-range plasmid, RK2. The cloned DNA has two other properties:
      it lowers the copy number of R1162 when cloned into this plasmid, and it is
      required in cis for replication of R1162 satellite plasmids.

PMID- 6377014
TI  - Biosynthesis and regulation of the peroxisomal methanol oxidase from the
      methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha.
AB  - The biosynthesis of methanol oxidase, a peroxisomal enzyme in the methanol
      utilizing yeast Hansenula polymorpha, was studied in vitro. Translation of
      Hansenula mRNA in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate yields methanol oxidase protein in
      high amounts. The apparent molecular mass of the protein was found to be
      identical to the subunit of the functional multimeric enzyme, which indicates the
      absence of an N-terminal extension typical of most transported proteins. The
      regulation of methanol oxidase by glucose repression and depression as well as by
      induction of methanol was shown to be controlled at the level of transcription.
      Two mutants of Hansenula polymorpha, unable to grow on methanol as a carbon and
      energy source were shown to be affected in methanol oxidase synthesis.

PMID- 6377015
TI  - Induction of damage inducible (SOS) repair in dam mutants of Escherichia coli
      exposed to 2-aminopurine.
AB  - 2-Aminopurine induces damage inducible (SOS) repair in an Escherichia coli dam-4
      strain but not in a dam-4 mutS456 derivative or in dam+ bacteria.

PMID- 6377016
TI  - Effect of prostaglandin inhibitor and oestrogen on climacteric symptoms and serum
      free fatty acids.
AB  - Oestradiol and naproxen were compared in a double-blind, cross-over study of 20
      women suffering from climacteric symptoms. Subjective symptoms were assessed
      before and after treatment. In addition, serum levels of prostaglandin precursors
      and of certain other free fatty acids were determined. Oestradiol was found to
      have a slightly more pronounced effect than naproxen on symptoms and on fatty
      acid levels. Nevertheless, a large number of the patients reported significant
      alleviation of their symptoms on naproxen. Some of the climacteric symptoms may
      thus be mediated by prostaglandins. In most patients the fatty acid levels
      decreased after treatment with both substances, but there were two exceptions. It
      is suggested that there may be two separate types of metabolic response to these
      drugs.

PMID- 6377017
TI  - Factors affecting the entry of antibiotics into Escherichia coli.
AB  - Factors affecting the entry into Escherichia coli of diverse antibacterial
      agents, especially beta-lactams were investigated. Agents of greater than a
      critical molecular weight (approximately 600 Daltons) penetrated extremely
      poorly. However, there was little correlation between penetrative ability and
      molecular weight for substances below the critical size. Within classes of
      related antibiotics (e.g. cephalosporins) penetrative ability was highly
      dependent on hydrophobicity. The relationship was parabolic rather than linear in
      nature. The proposal that the envelope of E. coli preferentially excludes
      hydrophobic molecules is to some extent an artefact arising from pre-selection of
      the agents used. For unrelated antibiotics hydrophobic nature was a poor guide to
      penetrative ability. A rather empirical property, diffusion ability through agar,
      was found to show good inverse correlation with penetrative ability for many
      unrelated antibiotics.

PMID- 6377018
TI  - Agglutinogens, White's 'Q' substance and the common proteins of
      Enterobacteriaceae.
AB  - Reassessment of the antigens involved in the cross-relation of Enterobacteriaceae
      point to the common proteins first discovered by White (1932) and named substance
      Q. All the serological characteristics of substance Q, as described by White, are
      identical with those obtained with pure enterobacterial proteins.

PMID- 6377019
TI  - Surface antigens of Proteus mirabilis revealed by electroblotting from sodium
      dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gels.
AB  - Western Blotting of whole cell preparations of three strains of Proteus mirabilis
      after separation by electrophoresis on SDS-polyacrylamide gels revealed a complex
      pattern of antigens. Similar antigen profiles were obtained with isolated outer
      membranes indicating that the majority of cell surface antigens are located in
      the outer membrane. Major outer membrane proteins were strongly antigenic and
      cross-reactive. The highly immunogenic flagella were detected in whole cell
      preparations and visible in isolated outer membranes. Whereas the protein and
      flagellar antigens were cross-reactive, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could only be
      detected as immunoreactive material using homologous antisera for each strain.
      The LPS appeared as two broad bands (high and low Mr, respectively) in
      immunoblots of whole cells, isolated outer membranes and purified LPS. However,
      isolated LPS could be resolved into multiple sharp bands when 4 M urea was
      included in the gel system. These discrete bands are assumed to represent
      differing O antigen chain lengths of the LPS as reported for other Gram-negative
      organisms.

PMID- 6377020
TI  - Medicaid's PPSP--is it working?

PMID- 6377021
TI  - Educational opportunities for RNs in Michigan.

PMID- 6377022
TI  - EPSDT health promotion for children on Medicaid.

PMID- 6377023
TI  - [Rehydration conditions for dehydrated Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts and cell
      viability].
AB  - The viability of dehydrated Saccharomyces cerevisiae populations was studied as a
      result of changes in the conditions of rehydration (temperature, pH, time,
      composition of the medium). Rehydration was shown to play a key role for the
      functional characteristics of populations in the general consideration of
      dehydration-rehydration and to involve several factors. The viability of cells is
      regarded as both a relative and absolute criterion for the physiological state of
      populations. The conditions of rehydration should be strictly standardized for
      dehydrated microorganisms in comprehensive studies of mechanisms involved in the
      stability of microorganisms.

PMID- 6377024
TI  - [Interaction of actinomycetes in relation to an intensification of protease
      biosynthesis].
AB  - This work was aimed at studying the interactions during the growth of Actinomyces
      rimosus producing proteases and Actinomyces violocinereus which did not
      synthesize secreted proteolytic enzymes. The production of proteases in the
      association of the actinomycetes was shown to be stimulated by metabolic products
      released by A. violocinereus into the surrounding medium. The stimulating agent
      from the cultural broth of this culture accelerated differentiation of the
      mycelium of the first hyphal generation in A. rimosus, decelerated spore
      formation of the second hyphal generation, inhibited the growth rate, and
      increased the rate of protease accumulation as well as the productivity of the
      synthesis.

PMID- 6377025
TI  - [Selection of a culture forming alkaline phosphatase from thermophilic bacteria
      in the genus Thermus].
AB  - An obligate thermophilic Thermus ruber 132- 4K bacterial culture was selected.
      The culture has the activity of alkaline phosphatase. Its optimal growth
      temperature is 55 degrees C. The culture is recommended to be used for the
      production of alkaline phosphatase.

PMID- 6377026
TI  - [Enzyme activity of the formate hydrogenlyase complex in Citrobacter freundii].
AB  - Citrobacter freundii 62 can grow in the absence of oxygen in media containing
      glucose, peptone, fumarate or malate. When the medium contained fumarate or
      malate, the culture could grow under anaerobic conditions only in the presence of
      molecular hydrogen, formate or nitrate. The highest activity of
      formatehydrogenlyase and hydrogenase was found when C. freundii grew in a medium
      with glucose and formate. The activity was lower in media with other organic
      substrates, particularly, in the absence of formate or H2. The activity of
      hydrogenase was very low in cells grown under aerobic conditions or in the
      presence of nitrates while the activity of formatehydrogenlyase was not found at
      all for all practical purposes. The activity of formate dehydrogenase assessed in
      the presence of methylene blue was rather high irrespective of the conditions
      under which the culture was grown. However, when the activity of formate
      dehydrogenase was determined in the presence of benzyl viologen, it was high only
      in cells grown in the medium with glucose and formate.

PMID- 6377027
TI  - Dubious allergy practice.

PMID- 6377028
TI  - A history of general practice.

PMID- 6377029
TI  - Influenza in Melbourne, 1982. Epidemiology and virology.
AB  - The major features of the outbreaks of influenza A and B, which occurred in
      Melbourne during the winter of 1982, are described. Diagnoses of influenza A or
      influenza B were established in 310 patients by virus isolation,
      immunofluorescence, and serological tests. Immunofluorescence was found to be a
      valuable, rapid, but considerably less sensitive, test than virus isolation, and
      serodiagnosis was the test of choice either when patients did not present or when
      specimens were not collected until late in the illness. The results of
      haemagglutination-inhibition tests performed with a panel of monoclonal
      antibodies suggest that at least two recognizably different strains of influenza
      A and influenza B were circulating in the community.

PMID- 6377030
TI  - Glucose tolerance and mortality in diabetes mellitus in Maltese-born residents of
      Victoria.
AB  - In view of the recognized high prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Malta compared
      with Australia, 75 g oral glucose tolerance tests were performed on 396 Maltese
      born residents of Melbourne. Eighteen (4.5%) were found to have diabetes mellitus
      and 19 (4.8%) were found to have impaired glucose tolerance by current criteria.
      Glucose tolerance was correlated with family history of diabetes, with age, with
      obesity and with parity in women, but not with length of residence in Australia.
      Analysis of statistical data of death certification showed that Maltese-born
      residents of Victoria had a higher age-specific mortality from both diabetes
      mellitus and ischaemic heart disease than did Victorian Italian-born residents or
      the total Victorian population. This was most marked in women. The results
      suggest that Maltese immigrants to Australia after years of residence, still run
      a higher risk of becoming affected with diabetes mellitus or ischaemic heart
      disease than the average for the Australian population. The relative importance
      of genetic and environmental factors involved in this difference should be the
      subject of continuing study in the future.

PMID- 6377031
TI  - Noise reduction methods for hybrid subtraction.
AB  - In digital subtraction angiography, hybrid subtraction provides selective vessel
      images free of soft-tissue motion artifacts but with a lower signal-to-noise
      ratio (SNR) than temporal subtraction images. An image processing method called
      measurement-dependent filtering has been developed to enhance the SNR of hybrid
      images without losing resolution or selectivity. Linear combinations of four
      images consisting of a pre- and postcontrast dual-energy measurement pair form
      both the hybrid image and a lower noise but less selective vessel image. The
      noise-reduced image is derived by combining the low-frequency components of the
      hybrid image with the high-frequency components of the lower noise image in a
      variety of ways. The results of the filtering method, when tested on both phantom
      and clinical data, display images with about the same degree of conspicuity as
      the hybrid image and a SNR approaching that of the temporal image.

PMID- 6377032
TI  - A photodiode array x-ray imaging system for digital angiography.
AB  - A line scanning imaging system that can be used to make low-noise x-ray images to
      detect low-contrast structure is described. The system makes use of a 1024
      element, self-scanning, photodiode array (Reticon RL 1024S) optically coupled to
      an x-ray image intensifier tube. Low-noise images are obtained by imaging only
      small areas of interest at a time to reduce the noise resulting from the
      detection of scattered radiation, and by making use of the very large dynamic
      range (8000:1) solid-state photodetector. Some performance characteristics of the
      diode array system are discussed. It was found that while sensitivities of
      individual elements differed by up to +/- 15% from the average, they could be
      corrected with a precision of 0.02% to 0.04% of the maximum signal. The limiting
      spatial resolution of the system in the direction of the diode array was 2.0
      cycles/mm, limited by the image intensifier. The system linearity was studied by
      measuring the attenuation of a monoenergetic x-ray beam by Plexiglas. The
      measured attenuation agreed with the expected exponential decrease over a range
      of approximately 1000 to within experimental error. The imaging capabilities of
      the system were demonstrated by imaging an angiographic phantom consisting of an
      iodine-filled tube with an asymmetric 20% stenosis. The stenosis was oriented on
      the tube surface furthermost from the detector resulting in an image with a 2%
      radiographic contrast change but no decrease of the tube width. The stenosis was
      clearly imaged using a temporal subtraction technique.

PMID- 6377035
TI  - [Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children].

PMID- 6377036
TI  - Emphysema. Era of Laennec; era of the cigarette.

PMID- 6377034
TI  - Mechanisms of microbial resistance and detoxification of mercury and
      organomercury compounds: physiological, biochemical, and genetic analyses.

PMID- 6377033
TI  - Double-stranded ribonucleic acid killer systems in yeasts.

PMID- 6377037
TI  - Hereditary nephritis, deafness and thrombocytopenia. Case report and review.

PMID- 6377038
TI  - Current status of Missouri kidney transplant patients.

PMID- 6377039
TI  - Computers in nursing education: thoughts and reflections.

PMID- 6377041
TI  - Genetically engineered monoclonal antibody for E coli diarrhea in calves.
AB  - A genetically engineered monoclonal antibody, given PO to calves within 12 hours
      of birth, reduced the severity of diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic K99 E coli.
      In challenge studies, dehydration and deaths were markedly reduced in treated
      calves vs untreated controls (29% vs 82%, 28% vs 82%). Use of the antibody in
      double-blind field trials on dairy calves in 9 herds in 5 states markedly reduced
      the severity of E coli diarrhea.

PMID- 6377040
TI  - Uterine culture in mares.
AB  - A guarded, sterile swab is used to obtain samples for uterine culture. With the
      mare in stocks, the tail bandage and the perineum washed, the culture rod is
      introduced into the vagina with a gloved hand. After the rod is guided through
      the cervix, the guard cap is dislodged and the swab is rubbed along the
      endometrium, after which the rod is extracted. Samples for uterine culture should
      only be obtained during full estrus. Swabs should be directly plated onto agar
      within 2 hours of collection. Blood agar is appropriate for initial screening,
      but use of specialized types of agar expedites identification of microbes. Plates
      are incubated at 37 C and inspected for growth every 12 hours. The type and
      number of bacterial colonies should be coupled with the history and clinical
      signs in deciding on the necessity and type of treatment. Pure, heavy bacterial
      growth is usually accompanied by clinical signs of infection. Interpretation of
      the significance of moderate bacterial growth may be aided by cytologic
      examination of endometrial smears, made by rolling the swab onto a glass slide
      and staining with Diff - Quik . Large numbers of neutrophils indicate the need
      for antibiotic therapy. Mixed bacterial growth and variable numbers of
      neutrophils usually indicate faulty sampling technic. Microaerophilic or
      anaerobic cultures may aid diagnosis in cases of equivocal aerobic culture
      results.

PMID- 6377042
TI  - Mechanisms of the fasting-induced dissociation of insulin binding from its action
      in isolated rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Fasting leads to an increase in insulin binding to isolated rat hepatocytes from
      12 to 17%. This increase was accounted for by changes in the affinity of insulin
      receptors without alteration in their number. In contrast, the responsiveness of
      hepatocytes to insulin was markedly diminished in fasted rats. Both basal and
      insulin-stimulated rates of 14C-glucose incorporation into glycogen were
      significantly decreased in fasted animals. When insulin-induced 14C-glucose
      incorporation into glycogen was expressed as a percent above the basal rate,
      hepatocytes isolated both from control and fasted animals showed the same
      magnitude of maximal response (66 +/- 13% in fed and 59 +/- 12% in fasted
      animals, respectively). However, more insulin must be bound to hepatocytes
      isolated from fasted animals in order to elicit the same percent of insulin's
      maximal effect. Incubation of 'fed' hepatocytes in the serum obtained from fasted
      rats significantly diminished their responsiveness to insulin. An addition of
      insulin (100 ng/ml), glucose (10 mM) and antibodies to glucagon (1:100)
      eliminated the inhibitory effect of 'fasted' serum on 'fed' hepatocytes. A 48
      hour fast increased significantly the microviscosity (decreased fluidity) of
      hepatocyte plasma membranes and altered membrane phospholipid composition. These
      changes correlated with enhanced insulin binding to isolated membranes. Moreover,
      in response to insulin, plasma membranes isolated from 'fasted' hepatocytes
      generated only one half the amount of the second messenger (PDH activator)
      observed in membranes of fed animals. The amount of PDH activator generated by
      incubation of plasma membranes with insulin correlated inversely with both
      insulin binding and membrane microviscosity. We conclude that 1) fasting induces
      both coupling defect and post-receptor changes in insulin's action; 2) both
      extracellular and intracellular factors contribute to fasting-induced
      dissociation of insulin binding from insulin action; 3) insulin/glucagon ratio
      may influence hepatocyte responsiveness to insulin; 4) alterations in plasma
      membrane fluidity and phospholipid composition may alter insulin binding and
      contribute to its dissociation from the subsequent action; 5) membranes isolated
      from 'fasted' hepatocytes generate less mediator of insulin action than do
      membranes isolated from 'fed' hepatocytes.

PMID- 6377043
TI  - Advantages and limitations of methods for measuring cellular chemotaxis and
      chemokinesis.
AB  - Cell migration is an important component of many physiological reactions, for
      example inflammation, wound healing and formation of atherosclerotic lesions.
      This review summarizes the methods currently available for examining cell
      movement in vitro. The applications of each method, and its particular advantages
      and disadvantages are discussed. Techniques are described for preparing purified
      leukocyte populations for use in migration studies and for differentiating
      between chemotactic and chemokinetic cell migration.

PMID- 6377044
TI  - Purification and partial characterization of a putative mediator of insulin
      action on cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase.
AB  - An insulin mediator which inhibits cAMP-dependent protein kinase has been
      purified approximately 1000-2000-fold from skeletal muscle. Following heat
      treatment, charcoal adsorption and Sephadex G-25 sieving, Sephadex G-15 sieving
      and HPLC over an anion exchange column were performed. The mediator has
      characteristics of a relatively low molecular weight peptide or derivatized
      peptide which acts on cAMP-dependent protein kinase but not on mitochondrial
      pyruvate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 6377046
TI  - Benign and malignant proliferations of the mammary epithelium: ultrastructural
      observations.

PMID- 6377045
TI  - Benign breast lesions confused with carcinoma.

PMID- 6377047
TI  - Steroid receptors in breast cancer.
AB  - Knowledge of the steroid receptor content of human breast cancer is important for
      proper diagnosis and for deciding the proper treatment for metastatic disease.
      Few patients whose breast cancers lack estrogen receptor will benefit from
      endocrine therapy, while more than half of patients with estrophilin-rich cancers
      will obtain objective remissions. The probability of objective response to
      endocrine therapy increases with an increase in the quantity of estrogen receptor
      in the cancer. Furthermore, patients whose cancers have both estrogen and
      progestin receptors have a better probability of response than patients whose
      lesions have only one of the receptors present, although even in such cases the
      response rate is higher than that seen in patients whose tumors lack both
      receptors. The data currently available suggest that receptor assays carried out
      on the primary tumor can be used for prediction of subsequent response to
      endocrine therapy, even at a later time of recurrent disease. Nonetheless, while
      sequential assays of receptors in lesions from the same patients are likely to be
      in agreement, when changes occur they tend to be reductions in amount of receptor
      or loss of receptor during disease progression . Breast cancer patients with
      receptor-positive tumors appear to have longer disease-free intervals and
      prolonged survival when compared with patients whose cancers lack ER, but clearly
      a part of the prolonged survival relates to response to endocrine therapies.
      Receptor positivity is frequently associated with well-differentiated tumors,
      while more poorly differentiated cancers, as well as medullary tumors, in
      general, and possibly cancers with significant lymphocytic infiltration, are more
      likely to be receptor negative. While there are some problems reproducing the
      exact quantitative receptor results among various laboratories assaying the same
      breast cancer, standard biochemical assays are still the only clinically proven
      and generally accepted procedure for assessing receptor status of a tumor.
      Histochemical assays based both on the steroid content of a tumor or using
      steroid-protein fluorescein complexes, while showing some correlation with
      standard biochemical assays for estrogen receptor, do not appear to detect
      receptor protein itself and can not be used instead of standard receptor assays.
      With the recent availability of monoclonal antibodies to the estrogen receptor,
      newer assays based on immunochemical procedures are under development and can be
      expected to provide simpler, less expensive, and more useful biochemical as well
      as immunohistochemical methods for receptor determination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 6377049
TI  - Needle biopsy of the breast.
AB  - Recently, there has been a considerable increase in the use of both fine-needle
      aspiration biopsy (aspiration cytology) and tissue-core needle biopsy of the
      breast. In patients with suspected breast cancer, needle biopsy is frequently
      used to confirm the diagnosis before treatment is planned. This allows a more
      thoughtful approach to the patient and full screening for possible metastatic
      disease prior to definitive surgery. Needle biopsy techniques are simple, rapid,
      can be performed in the doctor's office, and save time, equipment, and hospital
      beds. Complications are few. Aspiration cytology has the advantage that it is
      quick to perform, the preparation can be examined almost immediately and, in the
      event of an unsatisfactory smear, the procedure can be repeated. However, the
      diagnosis is based on purely cytological evaluation, and the information obtained
      is somewhat limited. Reported accuracy rates range from 42 to 96%. False positive
      reports are rare but have occurred in most centers, and a high degree of accuracy
      will only be obtained by experienced practitioners. Tissue-core needle biopsy has
      the advantage that the diagnosis is based on histopathological assessment, but
      the procedure is slightly more time consuming, is more traumatic for the patient,
      and the equipment is more expensive. Accuracy rates range from 67 to 98.5%.
      During the past 4 years, 329 tissue-core (Tru-Cut) biopsies have been performed
      in the Guy's Hospital Breast Unit, with an accuracy rate of 83% in the diagnosis
      of carcinoma. The procedure has been acceptable to most patients, and
      complications have been minimal. Studies comparing the use of aspiration cytology
      and tissue-core needle biopsy in the diagnosis of mammary carcinoma have produced
      variable results. Both methods have advantages and disadvantages, and the choice
      of technique must depend on the clinical situation and the preferences and skills
      of the practitioners involved in the management of the patient.

PMID- 6377048
TI  - Pathological parameters useful in predicting prognosis for patients with breast
      cancer.
AB  - The pathologist has critically important responsibilities as a consultant in the
      management of patients with breast cancer. The clinical evaluation of the
      anatomic extent of cancer before treatment, the clinical-diagnostic stage,
      crudely estimates whether the cancer is localized to the breast, or whether there
      are regional or distant metastases. The pathologist establishes the diagnosis of
      cancer microscopically in a biopsy and reports the significant characteristics
      which can be used in the selection of therapy. The pathologist's additional gross
      and microscopic examinations after mastectomy, which more precisely document the
      anatomic extent of the cancer, are the basis of the postsurgical treatment
      pathologic stage and provide additional information used to estimate prognosis
      and determine whether adjunctive therapy is needed. The pathology information
      used in staging includes the tumor size, histologic type, histologic grade, and
      presence or absence of axillary of other metastases. These and other pathological
      factors of significance which are discussed include the gross contour of the
      tumor as well as the presence or absence of necrosis, and any of the spectrum of
      cancers that we categorize as "minimal breast cancer" (in situ lobular carcinoma,
      intraductal carcinoma, invasive carcinoma smaller than 0.5 cm). Furthermore, the
      prognostic implications of the various histologic types are considered, as well
      as histologic and cytologic differentiation (grade), multicentricity, vascular
      invasion, cellular infiltration, and various other factors such as mucin or lipid
      production, steroid hormone receptors, and the nature of the tumor bed. The
      presence or absence of axillary lymph node metastases remains the single most
      significant variable in estimating prognosis for most breast cancers. In
      addition, combinations of the parameters noted above may have greater prognostic
      significance than any considered individually. Therefore, the pathologist,
      through the routine examination and documentation of breast biopsies and
      mastectomies, can provide important information which can be used to aid in the
      selection of treatment and in the estimation of prognosis.

PMID- 6377050
TI  - Diagnostic imaging of the breast.

PMID- 6377051
TI  - Cell kinetic analysis of human breast carcinomas.
AB  - Cell kinetic analysis performed on specimens of human breast carcinoma can
      provide clinically meaningful information. The thymidine labeling index (TLI)
      provides a measure of growth potential that shows strong inverse correlations
      with probability of early relapse after primary therapy and with estrogen
      receptor (ER) content. The TLI is independent of tumor size and lymph nodal
      status and therefore provides prognostic information within different stage
      classes. The TLI is prognostic for patients with negative axillary lymph nodes
      and could be used to select patients at high risk of early relapse for trials of
      adjuvant cytotoxic therapy. Flow cytometric measurement of nuclear DNA can yield
      cell kinetic information and in addition can define clones with abnormal DNA
      contents. Because of speed of analysis and automation, it offers a particularly
      interesting analytic technique for the investigation of breast carcinoma.

PMID- 6377052
TI  - Pharmacological characterization of cerebrovascular cholinergic receptors:
      combined biochemical and physiological approach.

PMID- 6377053
TI  - A DNA-repair proficient strain of Escherichia coli which is highly sensitive to
      mutagenic acridines in plate tests.

PMID- 6377054
TI  - Introduction of the plasmid pKM101-associated muc genes into Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae.
AB  - Bacteria-yeast shuttle plasmids containing the pKM101-associated muc genes were
      constructed by cloning an ARS TRP fragment into the plasmid pGW270 in both
      possible orientations. The insertion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA into pGW270
      had no effect on the mutator and protective phenotypes associated with the
      plasmid in Escherichia coli. Two such recombinant plasmids, pAA90 and pAA91 ,
      were capable of efficient transformation of S. cerevisiae and were stably
      maintained in this organism. Hybridization experiments suggest that muc-specific
      mRNA was present in transformed yeast cells and a small amount was
      polyadenylated. The RNAs were not of a discrete size, all being smaller than the
      muc genes. The presence of the plasmid pAA91 , and to a lesser extent, pAA90 , in
      yeast resulted in a detectable increase in the reversion frequencies of three
      markers and in ultraviolet protection. These results are discussed in terms of
      studying the relationship of error-prone repair in bacteria and yeast and of
      developing improved yeast tester strains.

PMID- 6377055
TI  - Absence of mutagenicity of trioxane and dioxolane in Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - The mutagenic activity of trioxane and dioxolane was investigated in 5 histidine
      requiring strains of S. typhimurium: TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98 and TA100 with
      and without activation by liver microsomes. They were not mutagenic under any of
      these conditions with any of the his- S. typhimurium tester strains (in the
      presence or absence of S9 mix from liver homogenate of rats induced with Aroclor
      1254).

PMID- 6377056
TI  - Application of urine mutagenicity to monitor coal liquefaction workers.
AB  - The Salmonella/microsomal assay was used to monitor workers' urine for
      mutagenicity as a potential indicator of human exposure to mutagens/carcinogens.
      Urine samples from 57 workers at a coal liquefaction pilot plant in Catlettsburg,
      Kentucky, were assayed for mutagenicity during work periods. Urine samples were
      collected twice during plant operations and once when the individuals were away
      from the plant for at least 48 h. In 7 individual smokers (5 operator/maintenance
      workers and 2 administrative staff workers) there was an indication of enhanced
      urine mutagenicity during work periods. Urine mutagenicity of nonsmokers from the
      pilot plant was significantly higher than that of an additional control group of
      nonsmokers from Lexington, Kentucky. While cigarette smoking was the major factor
      affecting urine mutagenicity, no significant mutagenicity that could be directly
      attributed to the pilot plant workers' environment was evident.

PMID- 6377057
TI  - Genotoxic activity of nitroaromatic explosives and related compounds in
      Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - A number of nitroaromatic explosives and related compounds were examined for
      mutagenic activity with the Salmonella/mammalian microsome test. 9 of 11
      nitroaromatics tested were mutagenic, including 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, the most
      widely produced military explosive. All the nitroaromatics, except 2,4,6
      trinitrophenol and 2,3,5-trinitroresorcinol, were at least an order of magnitude
      more mutagenic than 3 dinitrotoluene (DNT) isomers. The most active compound was
      2,3,5-trinitronaphthalene, which was approximately 5000 times more mutagenic than
      DNT isomers. These compounds induced predominantly frameshift mutations. The
      mutagenic activity did not require S9 activation, but was largely dependent on
      the presence of an intact nitroreductase capability in the test bacteria. This
      implied that reduced metabolites, possibly hydroxylamines, are the proximal
      mutagenic intermediates.

PMID- 6377058
TI  - Testing of 2,4,5-T-amino acid conjugates for mutagenic activity in Salmonella
      typhimurium strains.
AB  - Since amino acid conjugates are plant metabolites of the herbicide 2,4,5
      trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), 5 amino acid conjugates (aspartic acid,
      glutamic acid, leucine, methionine and tryptophan) of 2,4,5-T were tested for
      possible mutagenic activity utilizing 5 strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA97,
      TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1538) with and without rat-liver microsomal and
      cytosolic enzymes. These compounds did not cause any significant increase in
      reversions when compared with controls in the presence or absence of the
      activating system. Further, linear regression analysis showed no significant (p
      less than 0.05) dose-response relationships. Thus, it was concluded that the
      tested amino acid conjugates of 2,4,5-T are not mutagens or promutagens in these
      assays.

PMID- 6377059
TI  - Apparent changes in structure-activity relationships for antimitochondrial
      effects of 9-anilinoacridines according to Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain and
      methodology.
AB  - Sensitivity of detection of antimitochondrial effects in S. cerevisiae as
      measured by the induction of 'petite' mutants, has been investigated in a closely
      related series of 9-anilinoacridines, using a new microtitre test which has been
      compared to a range of other techniques. Drugs were chosen to span
      antimitochondrial activity between the inactive compounds 9-amino- or 3-amino
      acridine and the moderately active proflavine, also between proflavine and the
      strong antimitochondrial agent, ethidium bromide. As previously reported using
      other techniques, no compound without an amino substituent caused
      antimitochondrial effects, whereas all 9 anilinoacridines with a 1'-substituted
      anilino group and 3,6-diamino-substituted acridine ring acted like ethidium in
      causing strong 'petite' mutagenesis. Compounds with a single acridine 3-amino
      group, together with proflavine, might or might not be scored as an
      antimitochondrial agent depending on the time and conditions of drug exposure
      and, more importantly, on the selection of yeast strain used in the screening.
      Measurement of 'petite' mutagenesis in strain 5178B, using the microtitre assay,
      provided the most sensitive and efficient means of detection of antimitochondrial
      effects for all physical DNA-binding agents. Detailed interpretation of structure
      activity relationships and prediction of carcinogenic activity based upon
      induction of 'petite' mutagenesis would vary considerably if this procedure is
      not followed.

PMID- 6377060
TI  - An evaluation of the genotoxic properties of herbicides following plant and
      animal activation.
AB  - Commercial and technical grades of 11 herbicides and 13 combinations of
      commercial grade herbicides were evaluated for their genotoxic properties with
      Salmonella typhimurium, Saccharomyces cerevisiae directly and following plant and
      animal activation, or with Zea mays. The herbicides were related by their use in
      commercial corn (maize) production. Commercial grade formulations of each
      herbicide and combination of herbicides were also evaluated in situ with the
      pollen waxy locus assay of Z. mays. Eradicane and bifenox were negative in all
      assays. Alachlor, propachlor, procyazine and SD50093 (a formulation of cyanazine
      plus atrazine) were positive in one assay. Cyanazine, dicamba and metolachlor
      were positive in 2 assays. Atrazine, simazine and butylate were tested only in
      situ. Atrazine and simazine were positive and butylate was negative. Of the
      combinations of herbicides evaluated with the 3 genetic assays, alachlor plus
      bifenox and procyazine plus metolachlor were positive in 1 assay and metolachlor
      plus atrazine was positive in 2 assays. Of the combinations of herbicides
      evaluated only in situ, butylate plus atrazine, eradicane plus atrazine,
      eradicane plus cyanazine and metolachlor plus cyanazine were positive while
      butylate plus cyanazine was negative.

PMID- 6377061
TI  - Heterogeneity of spectrin distribution among avian muscle fiber types.
AB  - Muscle spectrin has been examined in avian fast, slow, and mixed muscles using
      the techniques of immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoautoradiography. By
      immunofluorescence, fibers of the fast-twitch pectoralis major (PM) are seen to
      contain alpha-spectrin antigen primarily at the sarcolemma, while in the slow
      tonic anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD), alpha-spectrin antigen is found in high
      concentrations throughout the sarcoplasm as well as being present in association
      with the sarcolemma. In mixed (fast- and slow-twitch) muscles of the leg, two
      populations of fibers can be distinguished: those which resemble the fibers of
      the PM and another group which displays interior staining similar to the fibers
      of the ALD. Histochemical staining for actomyosin ATPase reveals that the fibers
      of mixed muscles which contain the most spectrin antigen correspond to the slow
      twitch fibers. Supportive data were obtained using sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) followed by immunoautoradiography.
      In slow muscle, an approximate threefold increase in alpha-spectrin concentration
      relative to other proteins is evident. These results suggest that the
      distribution of alpha-spectrin may be modified by the physiological state of the
      myofiber.

PMID- 6377062
TI  - Therapy of ischemic cerebral vascular disease due to atherothrombosis. (2).

PMID- 6377063
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 28-1984. A 39-year-old man with gas in the soft tissues of the
      left forearm.

PMID- 6377064
TI  - Cyclosporine in cadaveric renal transplantation.

PMID- 6377065
TI  - Supplemental nocturnal oxygen in obstructive lung disease.

PMID- 6377066
TI  - Bone-marrow transplantation in severe Gaucher's disease.
AB  - We performed allogeneic bone-marrow transplantation of normal cells in an eight
      year-old patient with Type 3 Gaucher's disease in an attempt to alter his
      progressive deterioration. The procedure resulted in complete engraftment of the
      enzymatically normal donor cells. Donor monocyte precursors were present in the
      circulation of the recipient by 28 days after transplantation. Post
      transplantation beta-glucocerebrosidase activity in mononuclear white cells in
      peripheral blood exceeded normal levels. Despite these early results no change in
      Gaucher's-cell infiltration of the bone marrow was noted for at least 111 days,
      and Gaucher's cells persisted in the marrow for at least 274 days. The plasma
      glucocerebroside concentration ultimately returned to normal. During the post
      transplantation course, until the patient died from an episode of sepsis, there
      was no important change in his clinical status. However, this case demonstrates
      that the enzymatic abnormality in hematopoietic cells in Gaucher's disease is
      correctable by bone-marrow transplantation, leading to normalization of plasma
      levels of glucocerebroside. We observed the long survival of Gaucher's cells,
      which was consistent with the lack of clinical improvement. Intervention might
      have been more effective earlier in the course of the disease.

PMID- 6377067
TI  - The use of deferoxamine in the management of aluminium accumulation in bone in
      patients with renal failure.
AB  - Aluminum frequently accumulates in patients with end-stage renal failure. We
      investigated the value of long-term, intermittent infusions of deferoxamine for
      the removal of aluminium from bone in seven patients undergoing long-term
      maintenance dialysis. Transient rises in serum aluminum levels occurred initially
      after treatment. Three patients who were studied by bone biopsy had absent or
      reduced levels of bone aluminum. Histologic studies of bone before and after
      therapy showed differences similar to those observed between patients with uremia
      who had an accumulation of aluminum in bone and those who did not. The diagnostic
      value of rises in the serum aluminum level after a single infusion of
      deferoxamine was studied in 12 patients with and 10 patients without aluminum
      accumulation in bone. All patients with bone aluminum had rises in serum aluminum
      levels, but rises were also observed in some patients without bone aluminum.
      Thus, the test cannot be used to diagnose aluminum accumulation in bone. Urinary
      aluminum levels increased significantly after a single infusion of deferoxamine
      in three patients with kidney transplants and accumulation of aluminum in bone.
      These findings indicate that deferoxamine is beneficial for the therapy of
      aluminum accumulation in the bone of patients with renal failure.

PMID- 6377068
TI  - Studies without internal controls.
AB  - Sometimes questions of clinical interest can be addressed only by investigations
      without concurrent controls that are under the supervision of the investigator
      (internal controls). Such studies nearly always make use of other types of
      comparisons (external controls), such as historical controls. In this paper we
      examine studies of clinical treatments that have weak internal controls or lack
      internal controls, as illustrated by recent examples from the Journal. These
      studies have a small but important and unique role in clinical investigation.
      Five interrelated features can add to the strength of such studies: (1) an intent
      by the investigator, expressed before the study, that the treatment will affect
      the outcomes reported; (2) planning of the analysis before the data are
      generated; (3) articulation of a plausible hypothesis before the results are
      observed; (4) a likelihood that the results would still have been of interest if
      they had been "opposite" in some sense; and (5) reasonable grounds for
      generalizing the results from the study subjects to a substantially broader group
      of patients. In spite of potential pitfalls, carefully selected and reported
      studies without internal controls can play a substantial part in the acquisition
      of scientific knowledge.

PMID- 6377069
TI  - Current concepts. Electroconvulsive therapy--a current perspective.

PMID- 6377070
TI  - Effect of propranolol on myocardial-infarct size in a randomized blinded
      multicenter trial.
AB  - A multicenter randomized single-blind study was performed to evaluate the effects
      of propranolol administered during the evolution of myocardial infarction. Five
      centers enrolled a total of 269 patients, with 134 receiving propranolol and 135
      placebo. Propranolol or placebo was given intravenously upon randomization (0.1
      mg per kilogram of body weight) and then orally for nine days to keep the heart
      rate between 45 and 60 beats per minute. Less than 2 per cent of patients were
      treated within 4 hours after the onset of symptoms, but 50 per cent received
      therapy within 8 hours of onset of chest pain, and the remainder between 8 and 18
      hours. The heart rates in the propranolol-treated group were significantly lower
      than those in the placebo group (P less than 0.001). Base-line characteristics,
      including the mean heart rate (79.6 vs. 81.3) and the left ventricular ejection
      fraction (49.0 vs. 49.5), were similar in the two groups. The primary end point
      evaluated--infarct size as estimated from plasma MB creatine kinase activity--was
      virtually identical in the two groups, averaging 13.3 and 13.6 gram-equivalents
      of MB creatine kinase per square meter of body-surface area. Peak plasma levels
      of the enzyme were also similar in the two groups. No significant difference was
      observed between the propranolol and placebo groups in the change in left
      ventricular ejection fraction, extent of area involved in pyrophosphate uptake, R
      wave loss on electrocardiograms, or mortality (after three years). These results
      do not support the use of propranolol administered four or more hours after the
      onset of symptoms to limit infarct size.

PMID- 6377071
TI  - Early application of positive end-expiratory pressure in patients at risk for the
      adult respiratory-distress syndrome.
AB  - Previous studies have suggested that the early application of positive end
      expiratory pressure (PEEP) reduces the incidence of the adult respiratory
      distress syndrome. We randomly assigned 92 patients with a known risk for this
      syndrome to receive mechanical ventilation either without PEEP (control) or with
      early PEEP at 8 cm H2O. These therapies continued for 72 hours unless respiratory
      distress developed or arterial oxygen tension was above 140 (fractional inspired
      oxygen concentration, 0.5) at 24 hours or later and remained at that level after
      removal of PEEP. The study was designed to have an 80 per cent probability of
      detecting a 60 per cent reduction in the incidence of the syndrome. The treatment
      groups were comparable in age, severity of injury, number and type of risk
      factors for adult respiratory-distress syndrome, and initial oxygenation. The
      syndrome developed in 11 of 44 patients given early PEEP (25 per cent) and in 13
      of 48 control patients (27 per cent). The incidence of atelectasis, pneumonia,
      and barotrauma was the same in both groups, as was mortality. We found that the
      early application of PEEP at 8 cm H2O in high-risk patients had no effect on the
      incidence of the adult respiratory-distress syndrome or other, associated
      complications.

PMID- 6377072
TI  - Putting PEEP in perspective.

PMID- 6377073
TI  - Medicare reimbursement for hospice care.

PMID- 6377074
TI  - Was "Murder in Guatemala" inappropriate?

PMID- 6377075
TI  - Benefits of HLA-A and HLA-B matching on graft and patient outcome after cadaveric
      donor renal transplantation.
AB  - Data collected prospectively on 3811 renal transplantations performed between
      June 1977 and July 1982 by the 42 member institutions of the South-Eastern Organ
      Procurement Foundation were analyzed to determine the influence of donor
      recipient HLA-A and HLA-B matching on patient and graft outcome. Well-matched
      recipients were more likely to have received kidneys from outside their own
      centers, were more highly presensitized, included fewer blacks, and were more
      likely to have lost an earlier graft. Multivariate Cox regression analysis that
      included these and six other potential confounding variables revealed a
      significant association (P less than 0.001) between good HLA-A and B matching and
      increased graft survival. The difference in mean (+/- S.E.) actuarial graft
      survival between recipients worst matched and best matched for HLA-A and B
      antigens increased with time: 55 +/- 2 per cent as compared with 64 +/- 4 per
      cent at six months and 18 +/- 4 per cent as compared with 44 +/- 7 per cent at
      four years. Poor HLA matching of donor with recipient provided the greatest
      relative risk (2.16) of irreversible graft rejection of all the variables
      examined. Among patients with functioning grafts, well-matched recipients had
      lower serum creatinine levels and received significantly smaller amounts of
      glucocorticoids. Our findings indicate that good HLA-A and B matching is highly
      dependent on a system for sharing organs among institutions, and results in
      decreased graft rejection, better long-term graft function, and less need for
      post-transplantation immunosuppression.

PMID- 6377076
TI  - Blood glucose control and the evolution of diabetic retinopathy and albuminuria.
      A preliminary multicenter trial.
AB  - We conducted a prospective multicenter randomized trial to determine both the
      feasibility of maintaining blood glucose control at differing levels and the
      effect of improved control on diabetic microangiopathy and albuminuria. Seventy
      patients with diabetes (low C-peptide level) with nonproliferative retinopathy
      were randomly assigned to continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or unchanged
      conventional injection treatment. At entry, both groups had similar demographic,
      clinical, and glycemic characteristics. Over the succeeding eight months, mean 24
      hour glucose concentrations (175 +/- 9 mg per deciliter) and glycosylated
      hemoglobin levels (10.0 +/- 0.3 per cent) remained elevated during conventional
      treatment but fell to nearly normal levels (117 +/- 6 mg per deciliter and 8.1 +/
      0.2 per cent, respectively) with continuous insulin infusion. The frequency of
      biochemical hypoglycemia (less than 40 mg of blood glucose per deciliter) was
      similar in both groups, but ketoacidosis occurred only during continuous
      infusion. The level of retinopathy, assessed from photographs, progressed in both
      groups. Continuous infusion was associated with slightly more deterioration,
      mainly because of the appearance of soft exudates and intraretinal microvascular
      abnormalities. In contrast, elevated albumin-excretion rates fell during
      continuous infusion but not during conventional treatment. We conclude that
      maintenance of differing levels of blood glucose is feasible in a multicenter
      trial and that a nearly normal blood glucose level for eight months does not
      retard progression of, and may initially worsen, established retinopathy. These
      preliminary observations indicate the need for longer trials (particularly of
      primary prevention).

PMID- 6377077
TI  - Alleged lack of association between genital mycoplasmas and infertility.

PMID- 6377078
TI  - Atropine poisoning in Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter.

PMID- 6377079
TI  - Adherence of Candida albicans to buccal epithelial cells of neonates.
AB  - Adherence of Candida albicans to buccal epithelial cells of newborn infants was
      studied by the visual adherence method. Forty-five samples of buccal epithelial
      cells were obtained from 21 normal newborns at different times following
      delivery. In group 1 (mean age 7.5 hr) 367 +/- 51 yeast cells adhered to 100
      epithelial cells. In group 2 (mean age 2.3 days) 384 +/- 36 yeast cells adhered
      to 100 cells. In group 3 (mean age 6.2 days) 488 +/- 57 yeast cells adhered to
      100 cells. Differences among the groups were not significant (p greater than
      0.1). A significant difference was found in the percentage of epithelial cells
      binding 10 yeast cells between group 1 (7.25 +/- 0.9) and group 3 (14.9 +/- 2.5),
      and group 2 (8.0 +/- 2.0) and group 3 (p less than or equal to 0.025). In 12
      infants studied twice at mean age of 2.1 and 6.3 days (included in groups 2 and
      3) a significant increase was found in the number of adherent yeasts binding to
      100 epithelial cells (330 +/- 87 and 485 +/- 52 respectively) (p less than or
      equal to 0.03), and in the percentage of epithelial cells binding greater than or
      equal to 10 yeast cells (5.0 +/- 3.0 and 14.7 +/- 3.5 respectively, p less than
      or equal to 0.004) for each infant. The age-related increased affinity of buccal
      epithelial cells to Candida albicans may have relevance in the development of
      oral thrush.

PMID- 6377080
TI  - A microautomated dilution method for susceptibility testing with antifungal
      drugs.
AB  - The authors perfected, for standardization purposes, a microautomated system
      (Dynatech MIC 2000 Inoculator) to obtain the accurate quantitative results, i.e.,
      determination of minimum inhibitory (MIC) and fungicidal (MFC) concentrations,
      avoiding the work and time consuming procedure of the classic broth dilution
      method in tubes. The spectrum of activity of seven antifungal antibiotics against
      204 yeast isolates of six different species, in two different media
      comparatively, is described.

PMID- 6377081
TI  - Electron microscopic examination of ribosome preparations from germinated spores
      of Aspergillus fumigatus.
AB  - Ribosomes were isolated from germinated spores (germlings) of Aspergillus
      fumigatus and electron microscopy was used to determine qualitatively the extent
      of cellular contamination. After differential centrifugation, the initial crude
      preparation contained 80S ribosomes and numerous membrane contaminants in the
      form of membrane sheets, palisade aggregates, and vesicles 0.10-0.18 micron in
      size. Gel filtration chromatography of crude ribosomes in Sepharose CL-4B did not
      remove all of the membrane contamination. Homogenous ribosome suspensions,
      morphologically free of other cellular component contamination, were then
      obtained after gel filtration fractions were centrifuged through a 35% sucrose
      solution. The total ribosome yield from a germling preparation was approximately
      four times the yield of ribosomes from a comparable spore preparation. Gel
      diffusion precipitin patterns of germling ribosomes were identical to those of
      spore ribosomes with both germling and spore ribosomes antisera.

PMID- 6377083
TI  - Major surgery in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

PMID- 6377082
TI  - Apparent extracellular glycoprotein turnover product from Candida albicans.
AB  - Low molecular weight material was isolated from the culture medium of three
      strains of Candida albicans. This material was produced from exponentially
      growing cultures and it appeared from chemical analysis to represent the
      carbohydrate portion of cell surface glycoproteins. The material contained a few
      residual amino acids which were interpreted to represent the attachment points of
      carbohydrate to protein and the remanents protease cleavage sites. Some of this
      material could be generated artificially by treating intact cells with papain.

PMID- 6377084
TI  - Comparison of early fates of cadaver renal allografts from different methods of
      harvest.

PMID- 6377085
TI  - A study of sequential anastomoses in aortocoronary bypass surgery; internal
      configurations by the casting infection technique.

PMID- 6377086
TI  - Persistent, directional motility of cells and cytoplasmic fragments in the
      absence of microtubules.
AB  - Directional cell locomotion is displayed by many cell types both in vivo and in
      vitro. In many instances, persistency and directionality are imposed by external
      stimuli such as chemical attractants or substrate properties. Some cell types,
      such as fibroblasts or leukocytes, are capable of migrating in the absence of
      known stimuli in a pattern known as persistent random walk, where the direction
      of movement is maintained for at least one cell diameter before the cell performs
      a sudden directional change. In many examples of persistent motility,
      microtubules are believed to have a key role as elements that stabilize or even
      determine a cell's direction of movement. If disassembled, persistency is reduced
      or impaired. Despite some reports to the contrary, these and other observations
      have led to the widely accepted view that microtubules may be the overall
      organizers of cell geometry, polarity and motile activity. Here we report that
      rapid, directional locomotion of fish epidermal keratocytes is independent of the
      presence of microtubules. Moreover, small cytoplasmic fragments derived from the
      anterior lamella of these cells are capable of locomoting in a pattern
      indistinguishable from that of intact cells. Since these fragments contain no
      nucleus, microtubules or centrioles, the persistency-determining component must
      be sought in some other component(s) of the cytoplasm, possibly the motile
      machinery of the lamella itself.

PMID- 6377087
TI  - Immunoreactive arginine-vasopressin in Brattleboro rat ovary.
AB  - Homozygous (di/di) Brattleboro rats have normal hypothalamic levels of oxytocin
      and neurophysin I, but undetectable levels of neurophysin II and arginine
      vasopressin (AVP). This defect has been presumed to be at the genomic or
      transcriptional level, as AVP messenger is reported to be drastically reduced, if
      not absent, from the hypothalamus of Brattleboro rats. Recent studies suggest de
      novo production of various neuropeptides in the mammalian gonad, including AVP.
      We report here the detection and localization of immunoreactive (ir) AVP in the
      luteal cells of adult homozygous Brattleboro rats, and the modulation of this
      ovarian ir-AVP by gonadotropins. These findings are thus consistent with a tissue
      specific defect of AVP expression in the magnocellular neurones of the
      Brattleboro rat, and suggest that a comparable defect does not occur in the
      ovaries of such animals.

PMID- 6377088
TI  - Brattleboro rat adrenal contains vasopressin.
AB  - Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) is a neurohypophysial nonapeptide with antidiuretic
      activity involved in the control of blood volume and plasma osmolality. Recently,
      by immunological methods, the presence of AVP has been demonstrated in
      extrahypothalamic areas of the brain, in the spinal cord and in the ovary, testis
      and adrenal gland. The Brattleboro rat is regarded as having an autosomal
      recessively inherited lack of neurohypophysial vasopressin and its associated
      neurophysin. Since its discovery over 20 years ago this animal has been widely
      used in studies on the physiological role of vasopressin. We have recently
      investigated the presence of immunoreactive vasopressin and the related
      nonapeptide oxytocin in the adrenal glands of the human, rat and cow, and report
      here the isolation from the Brattleboro rat adrenal of material with similar
      immunological, physical and biological properties to synthetic vasopressin.

PMID- 6377089
TI  - Increase of corticotropin-releasing factor staining in rat paraventricular
      nucleus neurones by depletion of hypothalamic adrenaline.
AB  - In response to stress, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is released by
      corticotrophs in the anterior pituitary under the control of several central and
      peripheral factors including corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), which was
      recently isolated from the brain and sequenced. Immunocytochemical studies have
      shown that most of the CRF-containing cell bodies that project to the median
      eminence are present in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). A dense
      PNMT(phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase)-containing fibre network was also
      observed in the same region--PNMT is the final enzyme in the biosynthesis of
      adrenaline and has been demonstrated in the brain. In the present study we found
      an association of adrenergic nerve fibres and CRF neurones by
      immunohistochemistry using antisera to PNMT and CRF. To examine the functional
      significance of the adrenergic projection to the PVN, we blocked the synthesis of
      adrenaline using a specific inhibitor of PNMT. The depletion of adrenaline
      resulted in an increase in CRF immunoreactivity. The present results suggest
      that, as well as catecholamines which regulate ACTH release at the anterior
      pituitary level via a beta 2-adrenergic receptor mechanism, central
      catecholamines (mainly adrenaline) also affect ACTH release through their action
      on CRF cells. Peripheral catecholamines seem to have a direct stimulatory effect
      on the pituitary corticotroph cells, whereas the present findings suggest that
      central adrenaline-containing neurones have an inhibitory role in the
      physiological response to stress.

PMID- 6377090
TI  - Different forms of p53 detected by monoclonal antibodies in non-dividing and
      dividing lymphocytes.
AB  - The commitment of non-dividing cells (in G0) to enter division can be studied
      using primary cultures of lymphocytes. The cells are stable in G0 unless
      stimulated by mitogen such as concanavalin A (Con A). Commitment to enter the
      division cycle depends on the expression of gene(s) induced by Con A and the
      synthesis of p53 protein correlates with this commitment step. I show here that
      in unstimulated cells, a second form of p53 is synthesized and is restricted to
      G0.

PMID- 6377092
TI  - Renal dialysis for kidney failure in North Carolina: history, practice, and
      lessons.

PMID- 6377091
TI  - Unusual DNA sequences associated with the ends of yeast chromosomes.
AB  - The genome of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, like those of other eukaryotes,
      contains multiple sequences that hybridize with a poly(GT) probe. We have shown
      previously that some of the sequences that hybridize with the poly(GT) probe are
      located near the tips of the yeast chromosomes. We report here that many of the
      remaining poly(GT)-hybridizing sequences are associated with a family of putative
      replication origins localized near the chromosome ends. These sequences have the
      general form poly(C1-3A), similar to sequences reported to occur at the tips of
      chromosomes in the accompanying paper. In addition to poly(C1-3A) tracts, yeast
      cells contain tracts of alternating C and A bases, similar to those seen in
      mammalian genomes. These results are used as the basis for a new model of
      telomere replication.

PMID- 6377093
TI  - Lyme disease in North Carolina.

PMID- 6377094
TI  - Meet George Moore, your new executive director.

PMID- 6377095
TI  - Insulin can make diabetes worse: the smoldering Somogyi effect.

PMID- 6377096
TI  - From grandma to Galen: boric acid poisoning.

PMID- 6377097
TI  - [Idiopathic edema is not idiopathic].

PMID- 6377098
TI  - [Is cyclosporin a welcome addition in kidney transplantation?].

PMID- 6377099
TI  - Morphologic and cytochemical study of L929 cell variants with different
      metastasizing ability in C3HA/Hab mice.
AB  - A morphologic (phase-contrast, TEM and SEM) and cytochemical study was performed
      on L929 cell variants that show different malignant behavior and lung
      colonization ability in C3HA/Hab mice. The paper presents and discusses the
      correlation between enhanced lung colonization ability and the expression in
      culture of rounded, risen, less attached morphologies. Also, a diminution in the
      activity of mitochondrial enzymes and number of these cell organelles was found
      for the cell variant selected for enhanced lung colonization ability.

PMID- 6377100
TI  - Training of prescreening cytotechnicians. A report on 10-year experience.
AB  - Institutional training of prescreening cytotechnicians started in 1972 in the
      Research Institute of Oncopathology, Budapest. Up to 1983 ten classes, i.e. 230
      students have been trained. Authors acknowledge the good achievements of their
      students and state that the diagnostic reliability of the qualified
      cytotechnicians has been recognized by professionals. Their activity resulted in
      a considerably increased number of screenings and recognized cervical cancers. In
      1964 merely 25 600 examinations, whereas in 1982 altogether 1 030 000
      examinations were performed. Cervical cancers announced in 1978 were 597, but in
      1982 this number rose to 1022, being 661 (66%) in stage 0. A so-called Cervix
      Program based on the activity of cytotechnicians has been initiated by the
      Hungarian Ministry of Health. In view of the authors' ten-year experience the
      execution of this enormous enterprise seems possible.

PMID- 6377101
TI  - Renal abnormalities that cause hypertension versus those that cause uraemia.

PMID- 6377102
TI  - Activation of plasma prorenin by plasminogen activators in vitro and increase in
      plasma renin after stimulation of fibrinolytic activity in vivo.

PMID- 6377103
TI  - Antihypertensive therapy in elderly patients. Ninth interim report. The European
      Working Party on High Blood Pressure in the Elderly (EWPHE).

PMID- 6377104
TI  - Non-typhoid salmonella infections after renal transplantation. A serious clinical
      problem.
AB  - A retrospective study of 410 renal transplant recipients showed that 1.96%
      (8/410) of patients had developed severe non-typhoid salmonella infections. The
      clinical features seen were fever, leucopenia, pneumonia, diarrhoea, abscesses,
      pyelonephritis, venous thrombosis and pleural effusion. Neither uraemia nor
      repeated high doses of steroids seemed to be major precipitating events. All
      isolates were strains of Salmonella enteritidis. All 8 patients were cured and
      none became permanent carriers. Salmonella infections cause severe, life
      threatening infections in renal transplant patients and require vigorous
      treatment often with a long-term low-dose regimen. Patients seemed to respond
      best to chloramphenicol, but ampicillin and co-trimoxazole were useful in some.
      Bilateral nephrectomy should be performed before the transplantation if the
      organism is grown from the urine.

PMID- 6377105
TI  - Acquired renal cystic disease in renal transplant recipients.
AB  - End-stage kidneys are known to undergo cystic transformation in patients treated
      with long-term hemodialysis. Little has been published, however, on the
      occurrence of acquired renal cystic disease (ACD) in renal transplant recipients.
      The available clinical and histopathological data were gathered on 22 renal
      transplant recipients who had undergone either necropsy or nephrectomy. None of
      our patients exhibited cystic changes in their donor kidneys. However, 11
      patients (50%) had ACD of the native kidneys while the remaining patients lacked
      ACD. The duration of dialysis prior to transplantation was significantly longer
      and the life of the functional transplant kidney was significantly shorter in the
      ACD group as compared to the noncystic group. The combined duration of ESRD
      (dialysis + transplantation), however, was comparable in the two groups. It thus
      appears that the presence of a functioning renal allograft somehow retards the
      evolution of cystic changes in the diseased native kidneys. 1 of the patients in
      the ACD group exhibited superimposed multifocal clear cell carcinoma of the
      affected kidney, while none of the patients in the noncystic group exhibited
      renal neoplasm.

PMID- 6377106
TI  - Allan Elliott on his 80th birthday.

PMID- 6377109
TI  - Decreased labeling of amino acids by inhibition of the utilization of [3H,
      14C]glucose via the hexosemonophosphate shunt in rat brain in vivo.
AB  - Treatment of rats with 6-aminonicotinamide showed a small but significant
      decrease in the labeling of amino acids in the brain after injection of
      [3H]acetate. The results of these experiments also gave evidence of the presence
      of [3H]glucose and [3H]acetate, and an increase in [3H]glucose content in the
      brain of 6-aminonicotinamide treated rats. To apportion the contribution of
      [3H]glucose formed by gluconeogenesis from [3H]acetate to the labeling of amino
      acids a method was formulated based on the measurement of radioactivity of amino
      acids, lactate and free sugars in brain after injection of [6-3H]glucose or [1
      3H]glucose relative to that after co-injection of [U-14C]glucose or [2
      14C]glucose. In contrast to the expected formation of [1,6-3H]glucose by
      gluconeogenesis from [3H]acetate, 3H-labeled glucose isolated from brain, blood
      and liver showed the presence of [6-3H]glucose only. The values corrected for the
      presence of [6-3H]glucose showed that treatment with 6-aminonicotinamide had no
      effect on the labeling of amino acids by oxidation of [3H]acetate. These findings
      indicated that a significant decrease in the labeling of amino acids from [U
      14C]glucose reported previously and again confirmed using [1-3H], [6-3H], [2-14C]
      or [U-14C]glucose in the present investigation was not due to the inhibition of
      the activities of enzymes of the citric acid cycle. These results support the
      postulated role of the hexosemonophosphate shunt for the utilization of glucose
      in providing neurotransmitter amino acids glutamate and gamma-aminobutyrate.

PMID- 6377108
TI  - Localization of aldosterone and corticosterone in the central nervous system,
      assessed by quantitative autoradiography.
AB  - Nuclear localization of tritiated aldosterone in the CNS was studied in rats by
      numerical evaluation of silver grains, deposited over neuronal cell nuclei in
      thaw-mounted autoradiograms, and compared with the localization obtained after
      prior administration of a 100-fold excess of radioinert aldosterone,
      corticosterone or 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone (18-OH-DOC). Corticosterone
      and 18-OH-DOC completely prevented nuclear localization in most regions examined.
      However, in contrast to pretreatment with aldosterone, pretreatment with
      corticosterone and 18-OH-DOC did not completely prevent the concentration of
      radioactivity in the cell nuclei of the indusium griseum. Traces of radioactivity
      were, furthermore, retained in areas CA1 and CA2 and the dentate gyrus in rats
      exposed to corticosterone, but not to 18-OH-DOC, prior to [3H]aldosterone. A
      similar profile of silver grain distribution to that noted with aldosterone was
      found for corticosterone except that with tritiated corticosterone the most
      intense concentration of radioactivity occurred in hippocampal areas CA1 and CA2
      and not in the indusium griseum. Prior administration of excess
      deoxycorticosterone acetate abolished nuclear accumulation of tritiated
      corticosterone. Dihydrotestosterone, on the other hand, failed to compete with
      tritiated corticosterone at a dose 200-fold in excess of the tritiated steroid.
      We conclude that (1) a receptor readily shared by aldosterone, corticosterone, 18
      OH-DOC and DOC, but not by dihydrotestosterone, is widely distributed throughout
      the CNS, (2) a receptor shared by aldosterone and 18-OH-DOC, but not by
      corticosterone may be present in hippocampal areas CA1 and CA2, (3) that both
      these as well as the receptor accepting dihydrotestosterone can be located within
      the same cell.

PMID- 6377110
TI  - [Clinical anatomy and technique for operation of spinal tumors].

PMID- 6377107
TI  - Proteases of human brain.
AB  - Growing appreciation of the multiple functions of proteolytic enzymes in
      intracellular protein degradation and post-translational modification, in the
      release of biologically active macromolecules and peptides from precursors and in
      cellular protein regulation and quality control has stimulated interest in
      proteases in neurobiology and neuropathology. In this article, the proteinases
      and peptidases thus far studied in the human central nervous system are reviewed
      with respect to their enzymology, anatomical and cytological distributions and
      contributions to neurological and psychiatric disease states. Though information
      concerning brain proteases in man is fragmentary, it suffices to establish the
      importance of these complex systems for advancing knowledge of human cerebral
      function in health and disease.

PMID- 6377111
TI  - Immunohistochemical demonstration of amyloid P component in cerebro-vascular
      amyloidosis.
AB  - The presence of amyloid P component (AP) in cerebral amyloid deposits was sought
      using a direct immunoperoxidase technique. AP was detected in the amyloid
      deposits in the vessel walls but was absent from the intracerebral plaques in
      tissue from patients with senile cerebral amyloidosis. AP was also present in the
      amyloid deposits in the vessel walls of patients with the Icelandic form of
      hereditary cerebral haemorrhage associated with amyloidosis.

PMID- 6377112
TI  - Characterization of a neutral endopeptidase localized in the mitochondrial matrix
      of rat anterior pituitary tissue with GnRH as a substrate.
AB  - We have determined the subcellular localization of an endopeptidase activity able
      to degrade gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and present in the rat
      adenohypophysis. After fractionation of tissue homogenates in 0.25 M sucrose by
      differential centrifugation, about 25% of the total cellular GnRH degrading
      activity was found to be sedimentable and recovered from heavy (M) and light (L)
      mitochondrial fractions with a distribution pattern similar to that of the
      mitochondrial and lysosomal reference enzymes cytochrome oxidase and beta
      galactosidase. Upon further fractionation on sucrose density gradients, the
      activity comigrated with mitochondria. The peptidase appears endowed with a
      structure-linked latency; the activity is low in a freshly prepared mitochondrial
      fraction and increases upon treatment with membrane disrupting agents in a manner
      similar to that of malate dehydrogenase, a component of the mitochondrial matrix.
      Determination of GnRH cleavage sites was performed by amino acid analysis of the
      fragments obtained after incubation of the peptidase with (3H)-GnRH labelled on
      the pyroglutamic acid residue, in presence of carboxypeptidase and
      peptidyldipeptidase inhibitors. The fragments were separated by ion-exchange
      chromatography on an Aminex Q-15S column and purified by chromatography on silica
      gel plates. Fragments 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5 and 1-6 were all present as early as 1
      min after the beginning of incubation. Formation of each of them was inhibited to
      the same extent by EDTA, mersalyl acid, dithioerythritol and Na deoxycholate. The
      same fragmentation pattern was observed after partial purification of the enzyme
      by gel filtration. These data indicate that cleavage of several peptide bonds may
      result from a possibly single endopeptidase located in the mitochondrial matrix
      space.

PMID- 6377113
TI  - Capsaicin depletes corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactive neurons in
      the rat spinal cord and medulla oblongata.
AB  - Treatment of newborn rats with capsaicin was shown to cause a disappearance of
      corticotropin-releasing factor immunoreactive nerve fibers in the dorsal horn of
      the spinal cord (laminae I and II), the spinal trigeminal nucleus and tract, and
      the nucleus tractus solitarius, but not in the median eminence and the nucleus
      amygdaloideus centralis. Since it is well known that capsaicin acts selectively
      on primary sensory neurons of the C-fiber type, it is suggested that
      corticotropin-releasing factor is also located in peripheral sensory neurons,
      representing a novel peptidergic neuronal system, possibly involved in the
      modulation or transmission of peripheral nociceptive impulses, which is different
      from the capsaicin-resistant hypothalamoinfundibular corticotropin-releasing
      factor system.

PMID- 6377114
TI  - Anticonvulsant actions of DS 103-282. Pharmacological studies in rodents and the
      baboon, Papio papio.
AB  - The anticonvulsant actions of DS 103-282 [5-chloro-4-(2-imidazolin-2-yl-amino)
      2,1,3- benzothiadazole , tizanidine], have been evaluated after intraperitoneal
      administration in DBA/2 mice (seizures induced by sound), in Swiss S mice
      (seizures induced by N-methyl-D,L-aspartate; NMDLA ) and following intravenous or
      oral administration in Papio papio (seizure responses to intermittent photic
      stimulation). Protection against sound-induced seizures occurred after
      intraperitoneal administration of DS 103-282 (0.66-3.33 mg/kg). The ED50 doses
      for suppression of the tonic, clonic and wild-running phases of sound-induced
      seizures were 0.53, 0.79 and 1.3 mg/kg respectively. This protective effect of DS
      103-282 (1.5 mg/kg, i.p.) was maximal after 30 min and was maintained for 60-120
      min. Seizures induced by NMDLA were not suppressed by DS 103-282 (3.3-10 mg/kg,
      i.p.). In the baboons, a transient protection against photomyoclonic responses
      was observed 1 hr after intravenous administration of DS 103-282 (2-4 mg/kg). A
      similar profile of action was seen after oral administration of larger doses of
      DS 103-282 (16-32 mg/kg). Unwanted effects of DS 103-282 included transient
      piloerection, slight disturbance of gait and a fall in rectal temperature in
      mice, and muscular hypotonia and signs of sedation in baboons. These studies
      demonstrate an anticonvulsant action of DS 103-282, in both rodent and primate
      models of epilepsy, but do not support a postsynaptic blockade in excitatory
      neurotransmission as the mechanism of this action.

PMID- 6377115
TI  - Evolution of the American concept of schizoaffective psychosis.
AB  - A brief survey is given of the evolution of the concept of schizoaffective
      psychosis in the United States. The following phases are singled out: a first,
      'prehistorical', one including description of 'mixed' psychotic syndromes
      regarded as subtypes of manic-depressive psychosis; a second, which covers the
      subsequent 30 years, in which the concept of schizoaffective psychosis is
      gradually included under the heading of schizophrenia, in accordance with the
      broad Bleulerian concept of this illness prevailing in those years; a third one,
      in which, under the influence of a number of factors, schizoaffective psychosis
      is shifted from the schizophrenic to the affective area, and even good-prognosis
      schizophrenia and DSM III schizophreniform disorder (a syndrome characterized by
      the same clinical picture of schizophrenia, but which lasts less than 6 months)
      are regarded as variants of affective illness. It is emphasized that the history
      of the evolution of the American concept of schizoaffective psychosis is, indeed,
      the history of the vicissitudes of the American conceptions of schizophrenia and
      manic-depressive psychosis.

PMID- 6377116
TI  - Computed tomography of malignant lymphoma of the brain.
AB  - Correct diagnosis of malignant lymphoma of the brain and differentiation from
      malignant glioma, metastases, meningeoma and infection is often difficult. With
      the aim of finding characteristics pointing to the correct diagnosis all CT
      examinations from 16 patients with primary or secondary lymphoma of the brain
      were analysed. In 3 of 10 patients with primary lymphoma and 4 of 6 with
      secondary lymphoma the tumors were multiple. No differences between the CT
      appearance of primary and secondary lymphoma were found except that secondary
      lymphomas were generally smaller and more often multiple. The lymphomas were most
      often well demarcated, had a density equal to or slightly higher than normal
      brain tissue, were surrounded by no or slight edema and showed a moderate to
      marked contrast enhancement. The tumors were situated in the basal ganglia,
      corpus callosum or cerebellum in high frequency and were always in contact with
      either the ependyma of the ventricles or the superficial subarachnoid space. A
      tumor with widespread infiltration of the surroundings of the ventricles seen in
      6 patients in the material is highly characteristic of lymphoma.

PMID- 6377117
TI  - DSA evaluation of the STA-MCA bypass.
AB  - Continuing improvements in intravenous DSA techniques have now shown it to be
      useful in the angiographic evaluation of STA-MCA bypass function. Both patent and
      non-patent bypasses were observed in this study. Diagnostically adequate spatial
      resolution and signal to noise ratio were achieved by electronic magnification
      and integration techniques. Patient positioning was important and the projection
      which gave optimal visualization of the STA-MCA bypass, free of vessel overlap,
      was a 40 degrees oblique, 20 degrees craniocaudal view on the side of interest.
      Intravenous DSA can complement, and in some cases may supplant, conventional
      arteriography in the radiologic evaluation of STA-MCA bypass surgery.

PMID- 6377118
TI  - Comparison of iohexol 300 mg I/ml and Hexabrix 320 mg I/ml in central
      angiography. A double-blind trial.
AB  - Iohexol 300 mg I/ml and Hexabrix 320 mg I/ml have been compared in a randomized,
      double blind, parallel study, to evaluate hemodynamic parameters, diagnostic
      information and adverse reactions. A total of 55 patients entered the study, one
      of them was later excluded, because both contrast media were given by mistake. In
      the included material, 21 patients were given iohexol 300 mg I/ml in 55 selective
      injections, and 23 patients Hexabrix 320 mg I/ml in 65 selective injections. The
      median total dose was 52 (12-88) ml in the iohexol group and 51 (13-118) ml in
      the Hexabrix group. No changes in heart rate were seen. Angiograms of good or
      excellent quality were obtained, and no difference between the two media was
      shown. No serious adverse reaction occurred, and no statistical significant
      difference was found between the two media with respect to subjective patient
      reactions. The results indicate that the non-ionic, low-osmotic contrast medium
      iohexol is well tolerated in cerebral angiography with respect to the parameters
      tested. No statistical significant difference was found in any of these
      parameters between iohexol and Hexabrix.

PMID- 6377119
TI  - Distribution of microtubule-associated protein 2 in the nervous system of the rat
      studied by immunofluorescence.
AB  - It has recently been reported that high molecular weight microtubule-associated
      proteins are differently distributed in dendrites and axons of neurons [ Matus
      Bernhardt and Hugh-Jones (1981), Proc. natn Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 3010-3014;
      Vallee (1982), J. Cell Biol. 92, 435-442]. We have reported earlier in a
      preliminary form [Miller, Walter, Theurkauf , Vallee and De Camilli (1982), Proc.
      natn Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79, 5562-5566] that an antiserum specific for microtubule
      associated protein 2, one of the most prominent high molecular weight microtubule
      associated proteins in brain and a major brain phosphoprotein, stains
      specifically neuronal dendrites and perikarya. We have now extended those
      observations by performing a detailed analysis of the distribution of microtubule
      associated protein 2 throughout the nervous system of the rat. We found that
      microtubule-associated protein 2 is present at high concentrations in the great
      majority of neurons. Under our conditions of immunostaining microtubule
      associated protein 2 was not detected in nonneuronal cells. In all neurons it was
      compartmentalized in perikarya and dendrites. In most cases, the latter were more
      heavily stained than perikarya. The pattern of staining (overall intensity,
      relative intensity in dendrites vs perikarya, and in proximal vs distal segments
      of the dendritic tree), varied in different classes of neurons but was identical
      for all neurons with similar geometry in the same brain region. Different
      patterns of staining were found in dendritic trees with dissimilar branching
      characteristics. In all cases staining for microtubule-associated protein 2 in
      dendrites was consistent with a localization of microtubule-associated protein 2
      on dendritic microtubules. Neuronal processes clearly identifiable as axons or
      axon terminals were not immunostained. Afferent processes of primary sensory
      cells were also unstained. Our findings indicate that microtubule-associated
      protein 2 is a component of the vast majority, and possibly all, neurons. It is
      highly concentrated in "bona fide" dendrites, i.e. in processes specialized for
      the reception of synaptic inputs on their surface and highly dependent on such
      inputs for their growth. The location of microtubule-associated protein 2, a
      major target for second messenger-regulated protein kinases, in these processes,
      supports the hypothesis that its phosphorylation might participate in the
      transduction of neurotransmitter signals in target nerve cells.

PMID- 6377120
TI  - [The use of cefoxitin in high-risk surgical patients].

PMID- 6377121
TI  - [Aerospace medicine and its scientific and technological fallout in the field of
      general biomedicine].
AB  - A general preliminary study is made of possible "fall-out" applications from
      military technology--especially in certain electronics sectors--enabling such
      technology to be used for non-military purposes that would greatly benefit
      society, for example in the biomedical field. The continued and profitable
      exchange that is rapidly developing, not only between technology and science but
      also between science and technology in the specific sector of aviation medicine,
      in discussed in detail. The direct and indirect theoretical and practical
      applications of aviation medicine in medical science, practical medicine and
      health services are briefly outlined (apparatus for inhaling oxygen; safety and
      "delethalisation" methods for accidents caused by violent impact; the application
      of minor technologies in the fields of immunology and hygiene-prophylaxis to air
      transport and rescue services; the selection and medico-legal check-ups of all
      military and civilian flight personnel; the emergency transport of transplant
      organs and seriously ill patients requiring emergency transplants, etc.). Current
      and possible future practical applications of the vast experience acquired by
      space medicine had to solve complex problems relating to space flight and man's
      survival in space, such as: the absence of gravity (and its functional effects on
      the body's main system and organs), exposure to cosmic and solar radiation,
      conditioning and prolonged isolation in the space capsule, modifications in
      circadian rhythms, "space sickness", etc. Finally, the study recalls that the
      evolution and refinement of aerospace technology has made it possible to make use
      of exceptional space conditions, such as "microgravity", to conduct in-depth
      studies--in extreme conditions--of certain biological phenomena and to gain
      further knowledge of the genesis and to gain of various vital processes. Another
      area under study is the production--in extremely favourable conditions--of new,
      vaccines, enzymes and hormones, new drugs for therapy and prophylaxis and for
      biopharmacology, and new food sources which are of prime importance for man's
      future requirements.

PMID- 6377122
TI  - [Emergency heart stimulation with a transthoracic electrode. Our experience in 35
      cases].
AB  - 35 cases of heart stimulation using a transthoracic electrode are presented. It
      is emphasised that the technique is only applicable in very few cases (total AVB
      with a critical frequency below 20/min, all types of asystolia). The simple
      technique, results and complications (in theory many but in practice only 1
      occurred) are briefly described.

PMID- 6377125
TI  - Central cardiovascular actions of D-Ala2-Met5-enkephalinamide in the rat: effects
      of naloxone and nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis lesion.
AB  - In pentobarbital-anesthetized rats, intraventricular administration of D-Ala2
      Met5-enkephalinamide (D-Ala, 30, 100 or 300 nmol/kg) dose-dependently elicited a
      reduction in arterial pressure. This D-Ala-promoted hypotension was significantly
      antagonized by naloxone pretreatment (3 mg/kg, i.c.v.) and attenuated by
      bilateral focal nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis (NRGC) lesions. At higher
      doses, D-Ala also produced a delayed hypertension that was not only unaffected by
      naloxone or NRGC lesions, but was in fact potentiated by such pretreatments. We
      speculate that D-Ala may produce its cardiovascular effect by activating separate
      subclasses of opiate receptors, possibly at different neural substrates that
      include the NRGC.

PMID- 6377124
TI  - Olfactory mitral cell integrity after freeze-fixation.
AB  - The condition of freeze-fixed mitral cells from the main olfactory bulb of the
      rat brain was found to depend on the rat at which the tissue is frozen: at very
      slow rates, mitral cells swell and rupture; at faster rates, cell integrity is
      preserved. Cooling the tissue to just above its freezing point before rapid
      freeze-fixation helps to maintain cell integrity at depths well below the
      surface. When freeze-fixation must be used, as in the 2-deoxyglucose technique,
      rapid freezing rates should be used to minimize diffusion of isotope and increase
      autoradiographic resolution. After rapid freezing, better cell integrity was
      produced by freeze-drying and plastic embedding than by cryostat sectioning and
      thaw-mounting.

PMID- 6377123
TI  - PHI-like immunoreactivity co-locates with the VIP-containing system in human
      lumbosacral spinal cord.
AB  - Using a specific radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry, the quantitative
      regional distribution and localization of PHI-like immunoreactivity was studied
      in normal postmortem human spinal cord. The levels of PHI-like immunoreactivity
      were low in the cervical and thoracic region whereas the lumbar and especially
      sacral regions showed higher levels, with dorsal sacral concentrations exceeding
      ventral concentrations. Chromatographic analysis by high pressure liquid
      chromatography revealed that the PHI-like immunoreactivity in human spinal cord
      elutes slightly earlier than pure porcine PHI, and may correspond to PHM-27, a
      PHI-27-like peptide found in human preprovasoactive intestinal polypeptide.
      Immunocytochemical studies show a distinctive distribution of PHI-like
      immunoreactive fibres and terminals at the lumbosacral segments. The distribution
      of PHI-like immunoreactivity is thus similar to that of VIP, and unlike a number
      of other neuropeptides; with VIP, it may mark a system which has a role in the
      spinal control of urogenital function in man.

PMID- 6377126
TI  - LH-RH in picomole concentrations evokes excitation and inhibition of rat arcuate
      neurones in vitro.
AB  - A medial sagittal brain slice was developed, which enabled electrophysiological
      recording from spontaneously active neurones adjacent to the infundibular recess
      of the rat arcuate nucleus. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) (10 nM
      10 pM) significantly altered the frequency of 21 out of 31 units tested, exciting
      14 and inhibiting 7 others. The excitatory responses were often not maintained
      during the exposure to LH-RH but either returned to pre-exposure frequency or
      displayed an inhibition of discharge. A neural model incorporating recurrent
      inhibition of LH-RH-excited neurones is proposed to explain these responses,
      thought to be endogenously evoked by collateral innervation of the arcuate
      nucleus by medial preoptic neurones projecting to the median eminence.

PMID- 6377127
TI  - Baccalaureate and master's degree programs in nursing accredited by the NLN 1983
      84.

PMID- 6377128
TI  - Ascorbate-2-sulfate metabolism in fish.

PMID- 6377129
TI  - Betaine therapy for homocystinuria.

PMID- 6377130
TI  - Influence of nutritional status on pharmacokinetics of contraceptive
      progestogens.

PMID- 6377131
TI  - Oral zinc therapy for Wilson's disease.

PMID- 6377132
TI  - Marine oils and platelet function in man.

PMID- 6377134
TI  - Riboflavin deficiency inhibits multiplication of malarial parasites.

PMID- 6377133
TI  - Nutrition classics. The American Journal of Hygiene, volume I, 1921: Studies on
      experimental rickets. VII. The relative effectiveness of cod liver oil as
      contrasted with butter fat for protecting the body against insufficient calcium
      in the presence of normal phosphorus supply. By P.G. Shipley, E.A. Park, E.V.
      McCollum and Nina Simmonds.

PMID- 6377135
TI  - Atherogenicity of trans fatty acids in rabbits.

PMID- 6377136
TI  - Cardiac carnitine-binding protein.

PMID- 6377137
TI  - Calcium and hypertension.

PMID- 6377138
TI  - Serum vitamin and provitamin A levels and the risk of cancer.

PMID- 6377139
TI  - Nutrition classics. The Journal of the American Medical Association, volume
      172,1960: Relation between mortality from cardiovascular disease and treated
      water supplies. By Henry A. Schroeder.

PMID- 6377141
TI  - Magnesium deficiency and hypertension.

PMID- 6377140
TI  - The function of the vitamin K-dependent proteins, bone Gla protein (BGP) and
      kidney Gla protein (KGP).

PMID- 6377142
TI  - Infection control in hospital and the community. Controversial issues in wound
      care.

PMID- 6377144
TI  - Conference '84. NZNA--a nursery of experience.

PMID- 6377143
TI  - Vesicular rash and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates in a 67-year-old woman with
      Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 6377145
TI  - Variations of biologic activity of low-dose prostaglandin E2 on cervical
      ripening.
AB  - The effect of low-dose prostaglandin E2 vaginal gel specially prepared from
      commercially available materials, on subsequent indicated oxytocin induction of
      labor, was investigated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled
      clinical trial. The stability of the gel after preparation was documented by
      radioimmunoassay in vitro. No differences between the treated and placebo groups
      were noted in subsequent modified Bishop scores, length of labor, use of
      analgesia or anesthesia, success of induction, mode of delivery, or perinatal
      outcome. Comparisons of this clinical trial with those previously reported are
      offered.

PMID- 6377146
TI  - Fetal insulin balance: gestational diabetes and postpartal screening.
AB  - It must be determined whether high neonatal birth weight (greater than or equal
      to 4000 g) is due to genetic factors or to a disorder of maternal carbohydrate
      metabolism. Oral glucose tolerance tests are known to be unreliable during the
      puerperium. If the mother's carbohydrate metabolism was disturbed during
      pregnancy, neonatal overweight may result from fetal hyperinsulinism. This can be
      diagnosed by determining the insulin in the umbilical cord blood. Mature neonates
      of metabolically healthy women show an insulin level of 9.2 +/- 4.4 microU/ml (N
      = 180) in the umbilical cord blood. The third, tenth, 50th, 90th, and 97th
      percentiles were calculated as 1.4, 4.3, 8.8, 15.4, and 17.7 microU/ml,
      respectively. With insulin values over 20 microU/ml in the umbilical cord blood,
      a disturbance of maternal carbohydrate metabolism during pregnancy is likely.
      Among 4560 births in one year, 335 neonates weighed 4000 g and more,
      corresponding to a proportion of 7.35%. In one quarter of the infants over 4000
      g, high birth weight was associated with fetal hyperinsulinism. This corresponds
      to a frequency of 1.8% of all births.

PMID- 6377147
TI  - Prostacyclin synthesis stimulating plasma factor in pregnancy and puerperium.
AB  - Prostacyclin is assumed to play a key role in maintaining a sufficient blood flow
      in maternal and fetal circulation. Recent reports pointed out that the
      prostacyclin synthesis is regulated by a so-called plasma factor. The activity of
      this plasma factor was tested during pregnancy, labor, and puerperium. During the
      first and second trimesters, increased values could be observed, whereas in the
      third trimester and at the onset of labor, the values decreased. After delivery,
      there was again a moderate increase in plasma factor activity. A feedback
      mechanism is discussed between prostacyclin or 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha and
      the plasma factor, but hormones, such as 17 beta-estradiol, may possibly
      influence prostacyclin synthesis in pregnancy.

PMID- 6377148
TI  - Cervical incompetence: diagnosis and outcome.
AB  - The results of 147 cervical cerclage procedures were reviewed in a retrospective
      study. Patient history and past reproductive performance were assessed to
      determine which factors were predictive of successful pregnancy outcome after
      cervical cerclage. A past history of spontaneous second trimester abortion or
      premature labor was associated with a better outcome than was a history
      classically associated with cervical incompetence. Morbidity immediately
      following the procedure was low, however significant morbidity related to
      cervical scarring occurred at the time of delivery. There was poor correlation
      between the clinical history, examination and adjunctive tests of cervical
      incompetence, and the pregnancy outcome following cerclage. These observations
      indicate the need for a prospective, randomized study of the efficacy of this
      procedure.

PMID- 6377149
TI  - Pathogenicity of Trichomonas vaginalis: cytopathologic and histopathologic
      changes of the cervical epithelium.
AB  - Virulence of 52 Trichomonas vaginalis isolates was estimated by the subcutaneous
      mouse assay. A positive linear relationship was found between the mean volumes of
      subcutaneous abscesses caused by the parasites in mice and severity of cervical
      epithelial abnormalities observed in the patients from whom these strains had
      been isolated. This relationship implies that virulence of the human urogenital
      trichomonad, as measured by the mouse assay, may be related to some factors
      associated with dysplastic changes in the cervical epithelium. No relationships
      appeared to exist between the results of the mouse assay and inflammation of the
      vagina and cervix as evaluated clinically or pathologically, although these data
      were not analyzed statistically; likewise, no relationships were found between
      the mouse assay and nonprotozoal microorganisms identified in donors of the
      trichomonad strains.

PMID- 6377150
TI  - Pitfalls in the diagnosis of endometrial neoplasia.
AB  - One hundred consecutive cases of hyperplasia of the endometrium were referred to
      the Sloane Hospital for Women. The referral diagnoses and consultation diagnoses
      were compared for the purpose of analyzing common diagnostic problems in
      interpretation of endometrial hyperplasias and the use of diagnostic terminology
      as it applies to prognosis and therapy. The consultation diagnosis was a down
      grade of the original diagnosis in 69% of the reviewed cases. The most common
      endometrial pathology misinterpreted as hyperplasia was endometrial polyps,
      followed by the endometrial metaplasias, and architectural distortion caused by
      necrosis and mechanical artifact. In 14% of the referral diagnoses, the use of
      terminology was vague, with such terms as endometrial, epithelial, or glandular
      hyperplasia, and did not communicate the prognostic intent of the referring
      pathologist to the consulting physician. The careful use of endometrial
      diagnostic terms accompanied by a statement of the system of classification used
      and its corresponding clinical intent is suggested.

PMID- 6377151
TI  - Amniotic fluid arborization: effect of blood, meconium, and pH alterations.
AB  - The effects of blood and meconium at various dilutions and pH alterations on the
      fern test were evaluated in an in vitro study. Thirty-six specimens of amniotic
      fluid across gestational ages (16 to 42 weeks) were tested. The fern test was
      unaffected by meconium at any concentration and by blood at dilutions of 1:10 or
      greater. When blood and amniotic fluid were mixed in equal amounts, ferning was
      not present. Arborization of amniotic fluid was unaffected by pH alterations.
      These findings support the clinical usefulness of the fern test for the
      determination of ruptured membranes, even in the presence of blood or meconium
      contamination, and of pH alterations.

PMID- 6377152
TI  - Comparison of glucose and a glucose polymer for testing oral carbohydrate
      tolerance in pregnancy.
AB  - Forty-six pregnant patients with potential diabetes were studied to compare the
      use of glucose and a glucose polymer for carbohydrate tolerance testing. The
      first 26 patients had a glucose tolerance test and a glucose polymer tolerance
      test in randomized order an average of one week apart. The mean tolerance curves
      and insulin curves were similar for both agents. Patients preferred glucose
      polymer to glucose because of a lower incidence of associated nausea. A second
      group of 20 patients was randomly divided so that patients had two glucose
      tolerance tests or two glucose polymer tolerance tests an average of one week
      apart. Comparison of the variability and correlation of the incremental areas
      under the paired tolerance curves showed that the reproducibility of the glucose
      polymer tolerance test exceeded that of the glucose tolerance test.

PMID- 6377153
TI  - An evaluation of single-dose metronidazole treatment for Gardnerella vaginalis
      vaginitis.
AB  - A randomized, nonblinded study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of a
      single 2-g oral dose of metronidazole (Flagyl) versus a seven-day regimen in the
      treatment of "nonspecific" vaginitis. Using cultures for Gardnerella vaginalis,
      14 (67%) of 21 women treated with the single 2-g dose and 19 (86%) of 21 women
      receiving the seven-day course were considered cured seven to ten days after
      treatment (P greater than .10). No difference in compliance was noted between the
      two groups, and the incidence of side effects likewise, was comparable.

PMID- 6377154
TI  - Ulane case highlights issues in sex discrimination lawsuits.

PMID- 6377155
TI  - [Immunohistochemical demonstration of protein fractions in catecholamine storage
      vesicles in various tissues in guinea pigs].

PMID- 6377156
TI  - [Development of tissue therapy using the V. P. Filatov method].

PMID- 6377157
TI  - [Use of an ointment containing levomycetin, methyluracil and aloe extract in
      plastic operations with transplantation of free flaps of the mucosa or skin].

PMID- 6377158
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of orbital sarcoma].

PMID- 6377159
TI  - [S. M. Ter-Arutiuniants--founder of eye services in Zhitomir Region].

PMID- 6377160
TI  - [Traumatic aniridia].

PMID- 6377161
TI  - Observations of the fenestrated membrane of the human arterial wall.

PMID- 6377162
TI  - [Development of mammalian nervous tissue transplanted into the brain and anterior
      chamber of the eye: problems and prospects].
AB  - Some theoretical problems arising in connection with nervous tissue grafting in
      mammals are discussed. The survival of grafts in the brain and anterior eye
      chamber is provided by a complex of factors, including peculiarities of
      immunological reaction, blood-brain barrier and certain characteristics of
      embryonic nervous tissue. Organotypic development of ectopic grafts suggests a
      significant autonomy of inner genetic programmes in self-organization of brain
      structures. Development of the graft-host brain nervous connections is, to a
      great extent, determined by the factors of topographic closeness and the presence
      of free postsynaptic structures, without prominent specificity of the graft-brain
      relationships. Complex neurotrophic interactions, mainly provided by the glial
      cells, are also found between the graft and damaged host brain. A study of
      electric activity of the grafted neurons has shown a varying degree of dependence
      of the functional organization of the brain structures on the environmental
      afferent influences. The grafts can serve as a chronic endogenous source of
      neurotransmitters and neurohormones, and, possibly, restore interrupted
      structural connections, thus providing the compensation of some complex brain
      functions.

PMID- 6377164
TI  - [Erythrocyte insulin receptors in the ontogeny of chickens].
AB  - Specific binding of 125I-insulin by the erythrocytes was studied in the chick
      embryos, chicken and adult fowl. The binding was shown to decrease during
      ontogenesis. The maximal level of binding was observed in the chick embryos.
      Within a month after hatching, it decreased to the level of adult fowl due,
      mainly, to the decrease in the number of receptors per erythrocyte. This
      phenomenon can be accounted for both by the increase of insulin content in blood
      with age and the age changes of the population of erythrocytes. It is proved that
      during ontogenesis of the domestic fowl the decrease of a portion of immature
      erythrocytes in the peripheral blood with age accounts for the dynamics of
      binding observed. At the same time the affinity of hormone receptors increased
      but the influence of this factor on the binding pattern was not leading.

PMID- 6377163
TI  - [Formation of processes during fibroblast spreading in an in vitro medium with
      cytochalasin B].
AB  - The spreading of normal mouse fibroblasts in a solid substrate involves extension
      and attachment of numerous pseudopodia resulting in the formation of lamellar
      cytoplasm in the cell periphery which is attached to the substrate. During the
      spreading of fibroblasts in the presence of cytochalasin B (CB), a system of
      arbor-like branched processes forms de novo, rather than lamellar cytoplasm.
      Unlike the normal lamellar cytoplasm, the arbor-like processes are unable to
      clear their surface from concanavalin A-patched receptors and do not reveal
      microfilament bundles in their attachment sites. The cells spreading in the
      presence of both CB and colcemid do not form well-organized branched structures
      but extend numerous unstable pseudopodia. The formation of lamellar cytoplasm can
      be regarded as a combination of several functionally different processes: a)
      rudimentary pseudopodial CB- and colcemid-resistant reactions, b) CB-sensitive
      lamelliation, and c) colcemid-sensitive stabilization.

PMID- 6377165
TI  - The ultrastructure of well-healed lenticules in keratomileusis.
AB  - Two well-healed hyperopic keratomileusis homoplastica lenticules, one 4 years
      old, the other 5 months old, were removed from the same patient following
      postoperative complications of triplopia and aniseikonia. The lenticules were
      examined by light and electron microscopy. Both lenticules were repopulated with
      keratocytes throughout the lamellae. Degenerated keratocytes were observed in the
      5-month-old lenticule and recipient stroma, and in the 4-year-old lenticule; no
      degenerated keratocytes were seen in the recipient stroma of the 4-year-old
      lenticule. These findings may have resulted from toxic constituents of the
      solutions used to preserve the donor cornea. The basement membrane was thickened
      in both lenticules. The epithelial cell layer was irregular in the periphery of
      the lenticule where Bowman's membrane was disrupted. These findings suggest that
      careful surgical technique that minimizes damage to Bowman's layer and basement
      membrane may promote more rapid epithelial healing. The histologic results
      suggest that the cause of this patient's triplopia was irregular astigmatism.

PMID- 6377166
TI  - Pathologic processing of vitrectomy specimens. A comparison of pathologic
      findings with celloidin bag and cytocentrifugation preparation of 102 vitrectomy
      specimens.
AB  - Specimens obtained from 102 vitrectomies were processed by cytocentrifugation and
      celloidin bag techniques. The histopathology obtained with each procedure was
      compared with respect to cellular and tissue findings. Forty-five percent of
      cases had identical findings by the two techniques. Quantitative analysis of the
      discrepancies revealed better cellular recovery and identification by
      cytocentrifugation, and similar rates for the recovery and identification of
      tissue elements. Qualitative analysis showed better demonstration of tissue
      histopathology using celloidin bag thin sections. Thus, pathologic analysis was
      more complete when the two techniques were used together than when either was
      used alone.

PMID- 6377168
TI  - Post-cataract astigmatism with and without the use of the Terry keratometer.
AB  - Measured and induced post-cataract astigmatism was compared in 15 eyes prior to
      the purchase of a Terry keratometer , in 62 eyes with the keratometer , and
      subsequently in 36 eyes without the keratometer . All groups received the same
      preoperative and postoperative care. The surgical techniques were the same and
      were performed by a single surgeon. We found no significant difference between
      cases performed with and cases performed without the Terry keratometer at various
      postoperative gates. Seventy-five percent of the cases performed without the
      keratometer had less than 2 diopters of induced astigmatism, whereas 62% of the
      cases performed with the Terry keratometer achieved the same level of astigmatism
      6 to 8 weeks postoperatively. The lack of difference between these two groups is
      due to biological variables which affect intraoperative readings and
      postoperative wound healing.

PMID- 6377167
TI  - Adverse reactions to virgin silk sutures in cataract surgery.
AB  - During the past 3 years, 12 patients (14 eyes) were encountered with severe
      reactions to virgin silk sutures used in cataract surgery. These reactions
      included nodular episcleritis, peripheral corneal ulceration, and wound necrosis
      with dehiscence, sometimes resulting in endophthalmitis or epithelial downgrowth.
      Conjunctival and scleral histopathologic studies in four eyes showed acute and
      chronic inflammation with multinucleated giant cells. Successful treatment
      included removal of the virgin silk sutures, resuturing with 10-0 nylon sutures,
      securing the necrotic tissue with cyanoacrylate adhesive, and resection of the
      inflamed superior conjunctiva. All four patients who had bilateral cataract
      surgery experienced either simultaneous flare-ups of both eyes or accelerated
      reactions after surgery on the second eye, which suggests a possible role of
      prior sensitization.

PMID- 6377169
TI  - Dr. Isaac Thompson and his celebrated eye water.

PMID- 6377170
TI  - Reassessing the epidemiology of lip cancer.
AB  - The risk factors associated with carcinoma of the lip are reviewed with an aim
      toward reassessing the epidemiology of the disease. Descriptive studies show lip
      cancer to occur most commonly in aging white men. The geographic distribution of
      the disease varies widely, both nationally and internationally; recent studies
      show that at the national level there is not a uniformly high risk of lip cancer
      across the sunny states, as has been believed. Secular disease trends show a
      decline in both morbidity and mortality while survival rates have remained
      stable. The risk factors consistently associated with lip cancer are rural
      residence and outdoor occupation, but the latter does not apply to all outdoor
      workers. In addition, both actinic radiation and tobacco smoking have long been
      considered to be causally related to lip cancer. An extensive review of the
      literature, however, reveals that the studies evaluating the association between
      these exposure variables and the disease do not yield consistent results; in
      addition, many recent, well-designed studies fail to support independent causal
      hypotheses. We conclude that (1) any risk factors considered to be causally
      related to lip cancer must be congruent with the descriptive factors (geographic
      distribution, secular disease trends, etc.) and (2) although sunlight and smoking
      are highly likely risk factors, their interrelationship as well as their
      interaction with other factors, such as genetic predisposition, needs
      reassessment.

PMID- 6377171
TI  - Identification of bacteria in immunopathologic mechanisms of human dental pulp.
AB  - Serial frozen sections from human dental pulp were used for the identification of
      oral bacteria in immunopathologic mechanisms. Sera raised against Actinomyces
      viscosus, A. naeslundii, Bacteroides gingivalis, and B. melaninogenicus ss.
      intermedius, commercial sera against human immunoglobulins, complement, and
      monoclonal antibodies against human T cells were used in a double-staining
      immunofluorescence technique. Sections of dental pulp from normal teeth showed no
      penetration of bacteria or bacterial antigens and no signs of inflammation. A
      unique aspect of the present study was the demonstration that penetrating
      bacteria and bacterial antigens in the pulp of involved teeth were always
      associated with antibodies and frequently also with complement. A. viscosus has
      been found most frequently in complement-fixing immune complexes followed by B.
      gingivalis. A. naeslundii and B. melaninogenicus ss. intermedius were found only
      in complexes with antibodies. The involvement of plasma cells and T cells was
      also demonstrated. In the dental pulps of diseased teeth, cytotoxic and Arthus
      type immunopathologic reactions occurred.

PMID- 6377172
TI  - [Treatment of deformities of the femur in children with polyostotic fibrous
      dysplasia].

PMID- 6377173
TI  - [Caffey's syndrome].

PMID- 6377174
TI  - [Surgical interventions in idiopathic aseptic femur head necrosis].

PMID- 6377175
TI  - [Risk factors in childhood diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 6377176
TI  - [Jozsef Imre Jr (1884-1945)].

PMID- 6377177
TI  - [Organization of public health during the 1848/49 Hungarian War of Independence].

PMID- 6377178
TI  - [150th anniversary of the birth of N. Janos Toth, the first Hungarian dualist
      syphilologist].

PMID- 6377179
TI  - [Obsolescence of medical information and the need for revision].

PMID- 6377180
TI  - [The effect of low doses of Colfarit on pulmonary embolism in the elderly].

PMID- 6377181
TI  - [The 75-year-old Balassa Hospital].

PMID- 6377182
TI  - [Remembering Ferenc Nyulas].

PMID- 6377183
TI  - [Fanny Hann of Budapest and the Hann syndrome (transitory diabetes insipidus)].

PMID- 6377184
TI  - [Dr. Odon Kerpel-Fronius (1906-1984)].

PMID- 6377185
TI  - [Results of bacteriologic quality control of hospital laboratories].

PMID- 6377186
TI  - [The 100-year-old JAMA].

PMID- 6377187
TI  - [The role of F. Esmarch in the development of military surgery].

PMID- 6377188
TI  - [Psychological stress of nurses in the care of patients on transplantation
      units].

PMID- 6377189
TI  - [Management of edentulous mandibles and mandibles with few remaining anterior
      teeth using the Brinkmann/Putenat ball rotation system].

PMID- 6377190
TI  - Scar formation: physiology and pathological states.

PMID- 6377191
TI  - Wound healing: bone and biomaterials.

PMID- 6377192
TI  - The physiology of nerve injury and repair.

PMID- 6377193
TI  - Inflammation induced connective tissue breakdown following injury.

PMID- 6377194
TI  - Burns of the head and neck.

PMID- 6377195
TI  - Grafts and implants.

PMID- 6377196
TI  - Wound healing in the larynx.

PMID- 6377197
TI  - Physiological aspects of wound healing: contraction and growth.

PMID- 6377198
TI  - Drug systems approach to hypertension.

PMID- 6377199
TI  - [History of social pediatrics].

PMID- 6377200
TI  - Lipoprotein lipase suppression in 3T3-L1 cells by a haematoprotozoan-induced
      mediator from peritoneal exudate cells.
AB  - Lysates of the haematoprotozoa Trypanosoma brucei or Plasmodium berghei
      stimulated murine peritoneal exudate cells to release a mediator, which
      suppressed lipoprotein lipase activity in differentiating 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.
      The parasite-induced mediator suppressed the activity of cell surface lipoprotein
      lipase up to 39% in a dose dependent manner. By impairing the activity of cell
      surface lipoprotein lipase, this mediator acts to inhibit the uptake of fatty
      acid, and ultimately the accumulation of lipid by the adipocyte. In vivo this
      defect in triglyceride removal may explain the hypertriglyceridemia commonly
      observed in haematoprotozoan infections. We suggest that the lipoprotein lipase
      suppression mediator is produced as a consequence of the immune response to these
      parasitic protozoa.

PMID- 6377201
TI  - Protection against Trichinella spiralis induced by a monoclonal antibody that
      promotes killing of newborn larvae by granulocytes.
AB  - Mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against biochemically defined surface
      antigens of Trichinella spiralis were selected and tested for their ability to
      destroy parasites in vivo and in vitro. One of these (NIM-M5; IgG1), which
      recognised a surface component of approximately 64 K molecular weight in newborn
      larvae (NBL), bound to a surface component of this stage (as shown by
      fluorescence), and mediated the adherence of rodent eosinophil leucocytes to the
      surface of living NBL. Following cell adherence mediated by this monoclonal
      antibody, the worms were killed. This effect was enhanced by fresh normal serum
      suggesting a role for complement in this phenomenon. A monoclonal antibody
      directed against a surface component of infective larvae (NIM-M1; IgM) did not
      promote adherence of cells nor killing of NBL in vitro. The effect of NIM-M5 on
      the development of NBL to the intramuscular stage was examined. Treatment of NBL
      with the NIM-M5 monoclonal antibody prior to their injection into mice, together
      with passive transfer of NIM-M5 for 3 days, significantly reduced (36-51%) the
      proportion of larvae recovered by digestion 28 days later. Thus a single
      monoclonal antibody to NBL was able to mediate eosinophil-dependent destruction
      of worms in vitro and reduce infectivity in vivo. These observations suggest that
      antibodies capable of mediating eosinophil-induced destruction of nematodes in
      vitro may also be important in protection against infection.

PMID- 6377202
TI  - [Rauschivingylus asiaticus sp. n. (Nematoda, Filaroididae) from rodents in
      northeastern Asia and its life cycle].
AB  - A new species, R. asiaticus sp. nov., from rodents of north-eastern Asia is
      described. The developmental cycle of the species is studied. Three stages of
      larvae are described and periods of their moulting established.

PMID- 6377203
TI  - Host cell response to coccidian infection: an introspective survey.

PMID- 6377204
TI  - [Antibody formation in rabbits after vaccination with Streptococcus pyogenes
      cultured in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of erythromycin].
AB  - Rabbits were immunized with suspensions of Streptococcus pyogenes grown, either
      in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of erythromycin (1/2 and 1/8 MIC)
      or without antibiotic. Over a twelve-week period, the opsonic activity of the
      serum and the levels of various streptococcal antibodies were determined. For the
      two test strains, the immune response observed was identical for the vaccine
      grown with 1/8 MIC erythromycin and for the control vaccine. The vaccines grown
      with 1/2 MIC of erythromycin induced a slower and weaker elaboration of
      protective antibodies.

PMID- 6377205
TI  - [Antibacterial activity of lamoxactam in combination with penicillin, ampicillin
      and amoxicillin against clinical strains of Enterococci, group B Streptococci and
      Listeria].
AB  - The antibacterial activity of moxalactam-penicillin combinations was studied
      against clinical isolates of Enterococci (20 strains), group B Streptococci (10),
      Listeria (3) and Enterobacteriaceae (10), using a microtiter checkerboard (FIC
      index, FBC index). Combinations of moxalactam (MX) with penicillin G, ampicillin
      or amoxicillin were usually synergistic against Enterococci and Listeria but with
      high MX concentrations. Against group B Streptococci, penicillin-MX combinations
      were synergistic (40%) or additive (60%) with MX concentrations easily achievable
      in the CSF.

PMID- 6377206
TI  - [Relation between PBPs (penicillin-binding proteins) and growth curves of
      Escherichia coli submitted to ampicillin and oxacillin].
AB  - Growth curves recorded by the MS-2 (high performance photometer) provide a new
      means for studying PBPs. Indeed, the increase in prelytic OD (observed during the
      first two hours of contact between beta- lactams and cultures) is concentration-
      independent for antibiotics bound to PBPs3 ( Yourassowsky et al., 1981).
      Oxacillin has high affinity for PBP3 of E. coli (Curtis et al., 1979). Growth
      curves confirm biochemical studies: prelytic increase of OD of E. coli cultures
      is concentration- independent for oxacillin (100-2000 micrograms/ml), conversely
      to results observed with ampicillin and amoxycillin.

PMID- 6377208
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of azthreonam in severe urinary tract infections].
AB  - Azthreonam, the first monobactam, was given to 40 patients with urinary tract
      infection. Patients included 27 females, aged 17 to 77 years. UTI was complicated
      cystitis in 10 patients, pyelonephritis in 11, and prostatitis in 19. The
      following bacteria were recovered from urine: 12 E. coli, 1 Levinea , 3 Proteus
      mirabilis, 7 Klebsiella, 14 Serratia and 14 Pseudomonas. MICs of azthreonam
      ranged from 0.0035 to 16 micrograms/ml (mean 0.12 microgram/ml). Azthreonam was
      given intramuscularly, as monotherapy, in a daily dosage of 2 g, in two divided
      doses, for 10 to 29 days (mean: 28 days). Follow-up was at least 4 weeks after
      completion of treatment. Therapeutic results were as follows: 8 cures and 2
      failures by relapse in 10 cystitis , 6 cures and 5 failures by relapse in 11
      pyelonephritis , and 12 cures and 7 failures by relapse in 19 prostatitis .
      General and local tolerance were excellent. There were no hematologic or renal
      side effects. Transaminases SGOT and especially SGPT increased transiently in 7
      patients and returned to normal after treatment was discontinued; premature
      withdrawal was needed in only one case.

PMID- 6377207
TI  - [Incidence of isolation and antibiotic resistance of E. coli responsible for
      urinary infections outside hospitals, in specialized hospitals and in general
      hospitals].
AB  - E. coli is the agent most frequently isolated in urinary infection. In 1982,
      rates of E. coli isolation were 87% in outpatient laboratories, 63% in general
      hospitals and 41% in specialized hospitals. Susceptibility to ampicillin was less
      frequent in outpatients (43%) than in hospitalized patients (67%). In both,
      isolated strains were susceptible to the major urinary antiseptics ( furans ,
      nalidixic acid, pipemidic acid) and even more so to aminoglycosides. Resistance
      to beta-lactams was compared in outpatients (1981) and general hospital patients
      (1982):TEM plasmid resistance was found in 72% and 57% of strains respectively.
      Resistance to quinolones was unremarkable for all strains studied except for one
      NALs PIPr phenotype strain recovered from an outpatient.

PMID- 6377209
TI  - [Plasmodium falciparum: interpretation of the semi-microtest of in vitro
      chemosensitivity by H3-hypoxanthine incorporation].
AB  - Recent advances in cultivation methods and knowledge of in vitro response of
      Plasmodium falciparum to antimalarials have led to improved chemosensitivity
      tests. The semimicrotest is a useful tool for screening presumptive
      antimalarials, and also for the testing sensitivity of strains recovered from
      patients in hospital and field studies to currently used drugs. Microscopic
      parasite counts on thin blood films can be replaced by measurement of 3H
      hypoxanthine by the uptake parasite. Conditions which ensure optimal parasite
      growth and high radioisotope incorporation are described. Wells containing less
      than 3. 10(4) asexual parasites can be studied with this method. Results of the
      semi-microtest are closely correlated with those of microscopic parasite count.
      Advantages of both methods are discussed.

PMID- 6377210
TI  - [Interaction of different protease systems in the development of ulcerous lesions
      of the gastric mucosa].

PMID- 6377211
TI  - [Experimental simulation of liver abscess in the rabbit].

PMID- 6377212
TI  - [Modification of a method of histological control of nerve regeneration in an
      experiment].

PMID- 6377213
TI  - Gustav-Adolf von Harnack.

PMID- 6377214
TI  - The benefits of drug monitoring in patients with bacterial meningitis, eg,
      chloramphenicol monitoring.
AB  - Regular drug monitoring during therapy with chloramphenicol sodium succinate is
      actually recommended by expert centers. In this report a case of meningitis due
      to Salmonella typhimurium is described, which underlines the necessity of
      examining both the chloramphenicol and the chloramphenicol succinate
      concentrations. It is suggested that medical microbiologists and clinicians
      should be encouraged to take advantage of new, quick, and sensitive methods for
      drug monitoring in order to achieve optimal therapy.

PMID- 6377215
TI  - Evaluation of adverse renal reactions to prolonged indomethacin therapy in
      preterm infants with persistent ductus arteriosus.
AB  - Adverse renal reaction during prolonged indomethacin therapy (1 week) was studied
      in 15 preterm infants with persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA), which was
      associated with an ineffective circulatory volume. Following the medication a
      decrease in diuresis and creatinine clearances together with an increase in
      urinary osmolality and body weight was observed. Determinations of selected
      vasoactive hormones, such as plasma renin activity (PRA), antidiuretic hormone
      (ADH), and renal and systemic prostaglandins, indicated a complex
      pathophysiological condition of renal hypoperfusion and antidiuretic excess.
      During the treatment with indomethacin an effective circulatory volume had been
      restored by closing the ductus, which was followed by hormonal normalization.
      Subsequently kidney function was recovering despite continued indomethacin
      therapy. Based on these observations, one may assume that prolonged indomethacin
      therapy for prevention of PDA relapses is probably of no further harm to kidney
      function once the ductus has been closed successfully.

PMID- 6377217
TI  - [Leukocyte migration inhibition test in children with Salmonella infection].

PMID- 6377216
TI  - Modified pharmacokinetics of I-asparaginase from E coli by formation of specific
      antibodies to I-Asparaginase of different immunoglobulin classes in children with
      acute lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Twenty-four children (2-15 years old) with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) were
      treated intravenously with 1-Asparaginase (1-Asp) isolated from E coli at a dose
      of 3,000 U/kg body weight four times every third day as part of a standard
      chemotherapy protocol. Sera of patients were obtained prior to each infusion,
      immediately following each infusion, and at defined intervals (2, 4, 12, 24, 36,
      and 48 hours postinfusion) and assayed for 1-Asp enzymatic activity.1-Asp
      antigen, and anti-1-Asp antibodies. Results indicate that the in-vivo elimination
      half-life of 1-Asp activity in patients with no demonstrable specific antibody is
      approximately 5.5 hours. Half-life of enzymatic activity in patients with a
      moderately high level of specific antibodies (pre-infusion) was prolonged
      (approximately 7.0 hours) in comparison to the group with no specific antibodies.
      In patients with very high levels of specific antibodies several infusions could
      not be completed because of apparent anaphylactic reactions. In-vitro studies
      showed that experimental immune complexes made of 1-Asp and the IgG-fraction of a
      rabbit-anti-1-Asp antibody under conditions of antigen excess still exhibit
      enzymatic activity. On the basis of this observation we conclude that specific
      antibodies to 1-Asp in vitro and, most likely, in vivo do not inactivate the drug
      but may lead to either delayed elimination of enzyme activity or, in the presence
      of high levels of specific antibodies, anaphylactic reaction.

PMID- 6377218
TI  - [Clinical forms of Caffey's syndrome].

PMID- 6377220
TI  - Biliary atresia and liver transplantation: the National Institutes of Health
      point of view.

PMID- 6377219
TI  - Orthotopic liver transplantation in children: two-year experience with 47
      patients.
AB  - During a 24-month period (May 1981 to May 1983), 47 pediatric patients (ranging
      in age from 7 months to 18 years) underwent orthotopic liver transplantation
      using cyclosporine and prednisone. Major indications were biliary
      atresia/hypoplasia, and metabolic liver disease. Thirty-two of 138 patients
      evaluated for the procedure died prior to transplantation. Thirty patients are
      alive from 6 to 29 months later including 7/15 patients who required
      retransplantation. Twenty-one of 32 patients are alive at 1 year following
      initial transplantation. All 30 survivors are clinically well and living at home;
      only one has an abnormal bilirubin level. Serious, life-threatening medical and
      surgical complications were common during the early months following
      transplantation. With one exception, deaths and major rejection episodes occurred
      early (before 120 days). All survivors are relieved of the stigmata of chronic
      liver disease, and many have demonstrated catch-up growth. Liver transplantation
      is an effective treatment for end-stage pediatric liver disease.

PMID- 6377222
TI  - Commemoration of the tenth anniversary of the death of Professor Miklos Julesz.

PMID- 6377221
TI  - Effect of oral diuretics on pulmonary mechanics in infants with chronic
      bronchopulmonary dysplasia: results of a double-blind crossover sequential trial.
AB  - In a randomized double-blind crossover trial with sequential analysis, the
      effects of oral diuretics were compared with the effects of placebo on pulmonary
      mechanics in ten infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Pulmonary
      mechanics were measured before and at the end of a week of treatment with oral
      diuretics (chlorothiazide, 20 mg/kg/dose and spironolactone, 1.5 mg/kg/dose)
      given twice daily, or placebo. Mean airway resistance decreased 35.3 cm H2O/L/s,
      mean specific airway conductance increased 0.095 1/L/s/cm H2O, and mean dynamic
      pulmonary compliance increased 1.74 mL/cm H2O during treatment with diuretics
      (all P less than .001), but not during treatment with placebo. The infants' rate
      of weight gain decreased on the first three days of diuretic treatment, but was
      thereafter comparable with weight gain during treatment with placebo. Fluid
      intake was similar in infants receiving diuretics and placebo. But, infants
      receiving diuretics not only had significantly increased urine output, osmolal
      clearance, and potassium and phosphorus excretion, but these infants also
      retained less fluid, and, in addition, excreted less calcium than infants
      receiving placebo. It is concluded that oral diuretics improve lung function in
      infants with chronic bronchopulmonary dysplasia; however, potassium and
      phosphorus depletion are potential complications of treatment.

PMID- 6377223
TI  - Effect of meditation training on aspects of coronary-prone behavior.
AB  - 52 undergraduates who had volunteered to receive meditation training were placed
      into either high or low time-urgency groups based on their scores on Factor S of
      the Jenkins Activity Survey. Subjects then either received training in Clinically
      Standardized Meditation followed by 3 1/2-wk. of practice or waited for training
      during that period. Analyses of scores on a time-estimation task and of self
      reported hostility during an enforced waiting task indicated that meditation
      significantly altered subjects' perceptions of the passage of time and reduced
      impatience and hostility resulting from enforced waiting.

PMID- 6377224
TI  - Motoric change subsequent to therapeutic intervention in infants and young
      children who have cerebral palsy: annotated listing of group studies.
AB  - This annotated listing is of group reports pertaining to therapeutic strategies
      utilized with infants and young children who have cerebral palsy. The studies are
      organized by type of design used.

PMID- 6377225
TI  - Family size and delinquency.
AB  - A review of the literature shows that large family size is related to greater
      delinquency. The relationship remains when a number of variables, i.e., income,
      socioeconomic status, parental criminality, and family composition, have been
      controlled. The higher birth rate for lower classes does not appear to be an
      adequate explanation for this relationship, nor does less close parent-child
      affectional ties or less parental supervision although all of these may have some
      influence. The presence of an "infectious example" may partly account for the
      relationship, as does overcrowding. Large family size is typically associated
      with the constellation of undesirable family conditions involving poor role
      models (e.g., poor parental behaviour, parental criminality, sibling
      delinquency), poor child-rearing practices (e.g., inadequate parental supervision
      and discipline), and competition for physical (e.g., overcrowding, low income)
      and psychological (e.g., lack of attention, affection, family interaction)
      resources. An immediate solution is to reduce the size of families by helping
      prospective parents plan their families, and for those who wish it, making
      medical abortions more readily available. The long-range solution is through
      research to identify variables which significantly influence the relationship
      between family size and delinquency. Such studies must control for birth order,
      sibling spacing, siblings' sex, and sex of the delinquents in these families.

PMID- 6377226
TI  - Ciliary dysmorphology.

PMID- 6377227
TI  - Ultrastructural pathology of cilia in the immotile cilia syndrome.

PMID- 6377228
TI  - Bacterial diarrhea in infants and children.

PMID- 6377229
TI  - George H. Fetterman, M.D.

PMID- 6377230
TI  - [Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis of the whole-body irradiated rabbits].

PMID- 6377231
TI  - State-approved schools of nursing R.N. 1984, meeting minimum requirements set by
      law and board rules in the various jurisdictions.

PMID- 6377232
TI  - The ground for change: Medicare.

PMID- 6377233
TI  - Sheep farming in Greenland. Its history, managemental practices and disease
      problems.
AB  - The economy of the Greenlandic sheep industry has always operated on a thin edge,
      the balance being determined by long-term changes in climate and year-to-year
      weather fluctuations. During the last decades sheep farming has been intensified
      in many areas, and more rational management systems have been introduced under
      the guidance of agricultural and veterinary consultants. Improvements include
      winter feeding, strategic breeding and lambing practices and disease control
      programmes. Successful efforts are being made to prevent the recurrence of
      previous dramatic declines in the sheep population and to diminish losses of
      growing lambs grazing the extensive rangelands. However, the overall disease
      situation and the effect of environmental stresses on the breeding stock and
      growing lambs in this unique, subarctic region are far from being fully explored.

PMID- 6377234
TI  - Chemical conversion of cytidine residues into 4-thiouridines in yeast tRNAPhe.
      Determination of the modified cytidines.
AB  - Treatment of yeast phenylalanine tRNA with pressurized hydrogen sulfide results
      in conversion of cytidine residues into 4-thiouridine residues. Under conditions
      leading to an average modification of one cytidine per tRNA molecule 9 positions
      are thiolated. The 4-thiouridine residues are distributed along the tRNA
      molecule. Four of the reactive cytidines are located in single-stranded regions:
      Cm32 , C60 , C74 and C75 . The five others are located in base pairs: C2, C27,
      C56 , C61 and C63 . Importance of replacement of an amino group by a thiol group
      on hydrogen bonding and on biological activity of the modified tRNA is discussed.

PMID- 6377235
TI  - N4-Methoxydeoxycytidine triphosphate is in the imino tautomeric form and
      substitutes for deoxythymidine triphosphate in primed poly d[A-T] synthesis with
      E. coli DNA polymerase I.
AB  - N4- Methoxydeoxycytidine triphosphate ( mo4dCTP ) substitutes for dTTP in poly
      d[A-T] synthesis with E. coli DNA polymerase I (Pol I). In parallel experiments
      using as template-primer, poly d[G-C], no incorporation of [14C] mo4dC was
      detected. This indicates that this deoxy derivative acts as the imino tautomer,
      as previously found for the riboderivative . Nearest neighbor analysis of
      transcripts of poly d[A-T] containing mo4dC shows that the derivative substitutes
      for only one base. In replication, singlestranded mo4dC -containing polymers gave
      little misincorporation, including that of dATP which can hydrogen-bond to mo4dC
      in the imino form, if the methoxy group is anti to the N-3. It is therefore
      assumed that the methoxy group is constrained anti in a polymer such as d[A-T],
      but can be in the syn form in singlestranded polymers and not recognized by DNA
      polymerase. mo4dC destabilizes the poly d[A-T] helix, as indicated by a lowered
      and less cooperative melting. Steric factors such as adjacent base displacement
      were invoked for similar findings with the doublestranded r( U61 , mo4C39 ) X
      r(A).

PMID- 6377236
TI  - A ribosome binding site sequence is necessary for efficient expression of the
      distal gene of a translationally-coupled gene pair.
AB  - Expression of trpB and trpA of the Escherichia coli tryptophan operon is shown to
      be "translationally coupled", i.e., efficient translation of the trpA coding
      region is dependent on prior translation of the trpB coding region and
      termination of translation at the trpB stop codon. To examine the dependence of
      trpA expression on the ribosome binding site sequence in the distal segment of
      trpB, deletions were produced that replaced this trpB sequence. Analysis of trpA
      expression in these deletion mutants established that the ribosome binding site
      sequence is required for efficient translation of the trpA segment of trp mRNA. A
      modest effect of translation over the trpA ribosome binding site on independent
      initiation at that site was also observed.

PMID- 6377237
TI  - Structure and function of tryptophan tRNA from wheat germ.
AB  - The coding properties of tRNATrp from yeast and wheat germ were studied. Unlike
      E. coli tRNATrp or mitochondrial tRNATrp, eukaryotic tRNATrp did not recognize
      the UGA codon in vitro. The sequence of wheat germ tRNATrp as determined by [32P]
      post-labelling techniques is: [sequence in text] The interesting features are:
      (i) Presence of a C11:G24 base pair in contrast to the U11:G24 in E. coli Su-
      tRNATrp. (ii) The anticodon sequence is -CmCA- compared to -CCA- in E. coli
      tRNATrp. (iii) Lack of a hypermodified base i6A adjacent to the 3'-end of the
      anticodon. (iv) Presence of -T psi CG- sequence instead of -psi psi CG- sequence
      present in mammalian tRNATrp.

PMID- 6377238
TI  - Heterogeneity of mammalian DNA ligase detected on activity and DNA sequencing
      gels.
AB  - A new method to detect DNA ligase activity in situ after NaDodSO4 polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis has been developed. After renaturation of active polypeptides
      the ligase reaction occurs in situ by incubating the intact gel in the presence
      of Mg++ and ATP. Further treatment with alkaline phosphatase removes the
      unligated 5'-32P-end of oligo (dT) used as a substrate and active polypeptides
      having ligase activity are identified by autoradiography. Analysis on DNA
      sequencing gels of the oligo (dT) reaction products present in the activity bands
      ensures that the radioactive material detected in activity gels or in standard in
      vitro ligase assays corresponds unambiguously to a ligase activity. Using these
      methods, we have analysed the purified phage T4 DNA ligase, and the activities
      present in crude extracts and in purified fractions from monkey kidney (CV1-P)
      cells. The purified T4 enzyme yields one or two active peptides with Mr values of
      60,000 and 70,000. Crude extracts from CV1-P cells contain several polypeptides
      having DNA ligase activity. Partial purification of these extracts shows that DNA
      ligase I isolated from hydroxylapatite column is enriched in polypeptides with Mr
      200,000, 150,000 and 120,000, while DNA ligase II is enriched in those with Mr
      60,000 and 70,000.

PMID- 6377239
TI  - [Monochemotherapy and polychemotherapy of multiple myeloma].

PMID- 6377241
TI  - The Korner report. Eight. Training packages for information recording.

PMID- 6377240
TI  - Normandy 1944. One. D-Day diary.

PMID- 6377242
TI  - D-Day diary. Two.

PMID- 6377243
TI  - A Balaclava nurse (Elizabeth Davis).

PMID- 6377244
TI  - Nurses in society: far from home.

PMID- 6377245
TI  - Nursing care study: lifeline for baby.

PMID- 6377246
TI  - Nursing care study. Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

PMID- 6377247
TI  - Promising uses of calcium-channel blocking agents.
AB  - It is not surprising that calcium-channel blocking agents, which have numerous
      effects on various physiologic systems, have been employed for several
      "unapproved" uses. This manuscript reviews reports that have appeared within the
      last two years describing unapproved cardiovascular and noncardiovascular uses of
      the three available calcium-channel blocking agents. The cardiovascular uses
      discussed include hypertensive emergencies, pulmonary hypertension, congestive
      heart failure, aortic insufficiency, Raynaud's phenomenon, migraine headaches,
      antiplatelet effects and cardiac surgery. Areas of noncardiovascular use include
      muscular dystrophy, achalasia, esophageal spasm, dysmenorrhea, preterm labor,
      asthma, hyperuricemia, mania and depression and endocrinologic and oncologic
      conditions. While some of the data appear promising, other reports are
      conflicting and contradictory. Furthermore, because much of the information comes
      from poorly controlled trials or anecdotal reports, even the more promising uses
      must be studied further and compared with conventional therapy.

PMID- 6377248
TI  - Acute intermittent porphyria: pathophysiology and treatment.
AB  - Acute intermittent porphyria is caused by an inherent error of porphyrin
      metabolism characterized by a deficiency of porphobilinogen deaminase and
      increased activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase, key enzymes necessary
      for the biosynthesis of heme. During an attack patients may have abdominal pain,
      vomiting, muscle weakness, constipation and neuropsychiatric symptoms. In the
      majority of individuals the disease remains clinically latent throughout life.
      Various drugs and chemicals, hormones and nutritional factors predispose to
      clinical attacks, probably by inducing hepatic delta-aminolevulinic acid
      synthase. Avoidance of these substances is important in preventing attacks.
      Screening of family members to detect genetic carriers permits precautionary
      measures. Management of attacks includes symptomatic therapy, high carbohydrate
      intake and intravenous administration of hematin.

PMID- 6377249
TI  - Diflunisal 500-750 mg versus aspirin 2600-3900 mg in the treatment of rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - Diflunisal was compared to aspirin in a 12-week, double-blind, parallel,
      multicenter rheumatoid arthritis study. One hundred twenty-six (126) patients
      received diflunisal and 123 patients received aspirin. Both treatment groups
      demonstrated significant improvement from baseline in joint pain, morning
      stiffness, grip strength, walking time and painful and swollen joint scores. For
      these parameters, the only statistically significant difference between the
      groups was that diflunisal was more effective than aspirin for overall joint pain
      at week 2. The overall evaluation by patients and by investigators showed
      significantly better responses in those treated with diflunisal at weeks 1 and
      12. Diflunisal produced significantly less gastrointestinal pain and tinnitus
      than aspirin. Neither drug showed unusual frequency of adverse effects as
      determined in the laboratory. Long-term studies using a higher-dose regimen are
      suggested to further define the efficacy and tolerability of diflunisal in the
      treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6377250
TI  - [Acebutolol in the treatment of arrhythmia in patients with circulatory failure
      or bronchial spasm].

PMID- 6377251
TI  - [Treatment of mild arterial hypertension--a perennial open question].

PMID- 6377252
TI  - [Cyclosporin A--a new immunosuppressant].

PMID- 6377253
TI  - [Treatment of pulmonary embolism].

PMID- 6377254
TI  - [Methods increasing the specificity of detecting native surface immunoglobulins
      of B lymphocytes].

PMID- 6377255
TI  - Influenza A virus infection imitating bacterial sepsis in early infancy.
AB  - Clinical and laboratory data of 12 previously healthy infants under 3 months of
      age hospitalized for suspected sepsis and subsequently diagnosed as suffering
      from influenza A viral infection were obtained prospectively during two epidemics
      of influenza A/Bangkok/H3N2 epidemics. The onset of the illness was generally
      acute, and the infants presented with high fever, lethargy often alternating with
      irritability, anorexia and signs of upper respiratory tract infection. History of
      contact with at least one person with signs and symptoms consistent with viral
      disease was present in all infants. White blood cell counts were within normal
      limits. Only one child had pneumonia and all had normal cerebrospinal fluid
      findings. Viral diagnosis was made by immunofluorescent testing of nasopharyngeal
      specimens within several hours of admission in 7 of the 9 infants tested and was
      isolated within 5 days from admission in 6 of 10 infants. Increasing awareness of
      the possible viral etiology of acute fever along with a greater availability of
      rapid viral diagnosis should result in better management of these young infants.

PMID- 6377256
TI  - Bacteriology and treatment of purulent nasopharyngitis: a double blind, placebo
      controlled evaluation.
AB  - One hundred forty-two children with purulent nasopharyngitis were randomized to
      four treatment groups with an antibiotic (cephalexin) alone or combined with a
      decongestant/antihistamine (pseudoephedrine/triprolidine) or their corresponding
      placebo equivalents. Follow-up evaluations by parents and physicians and
      bacteriologic evaluations were performed after 5 to 6 days of therapy. Groups
      were comparable with regard to age, sex, race, number of patients withdrawn from
      the study, fever greater than 38.0 degrees C, appearance of nasal discharge,
      nasal crusting and number of days until follow-up. Initial cultures from patients
      grew: Streptococcus pneumoniae, 46%; Haemophilus influenzae type b, 21%; and
      Streptococcus pyogenes, 8%. Nasal crusting was significantly associated with the
      growth of S. pneumoniae or H. influenzae type b. There were no significant
      differences between active drug and placebo treatment groups for change in nasal
      discharge, complications or apparent drug benefit. Cephalexin therapy did not
      result in a decrease in cultivation of pathogenic organisms from the nasopharynx.
      Significantly more side effects were attributed to pseudoephedrine/triprolidine
      treatment than to placebo. Routine culture or treatment of purulent
      nasopharyngitis should not be considered unless future controlled clinical trials
      demonstrate some therapeutic benefit.

PMID- 6377257
TI  - Odontogenic infections.

PMID- 6377258
TI  - Botulism in infancy.

PMID- 6377259
TI  - Patients with disorders of phagocytic cell function.

PMID- 6377261
TI  - [50th anniversary of the Department of Radiodiagnosis of the Maria Sklodowska
      Curie Oncology Institute in Warsaw].

PMID- 6377260
TI  - New developments in the management of children with bacterial meningitis.

PMID- 6377263
TI  - [Problem of malignant transformation in pre-existing bone changes].

PMID- 6377262
TI  - [General theory of bone tumors. Theories of pre-existence, progression,
      proliferation and dedifferentiation. Role of radiological studies].

PMID- 6377264
TI  - [Microradiographic analysis of malignant transformation in neoplasm-like bone
      lesions].

PMID- 6377265
TI  - [Multiple non-metastatic malignant bone neoplasms. Problems, classification and
      description of 14 cases].

PMID- 6377266
TI  - [Value of radiological examination for obtaining reliable diagnosis of
      mediastinal tumors of thymic origin].

PMID- 6377267
TI  - [Computerized tomography in the diagnosis of metastatic thoracic neoplasms].

PMID- 6377268
TI  - [Radiological evaluation of bone changes in Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 6377269
TI  - [Bone changes in Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 6377270
TI  - [Post-traumatic inflammation of the mandible].

PMID- 6377271
TI  - [Angiographic pattern of holoprosencephaly].

PMID- 6377272
TI  - [Angiography of surgically created arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis].

PMID- 6377273
TI  - [Value of infusion urethrocystography for the assessment of complications of
      prostatectomy].

PMID- 6377274
TI  - [Current control of image quality in a radiology laboratory].

PMID- 6377275
TI  - [What is it? Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia].

PMID- 6377276
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of isosorbitol dinitrate (isosorbide dinitrate) in patients
      with critical stenosis of coronary arteries].

PMID- 6377277
TI  - [The immune system in tobacco smokers].

PMID- 6377278
TI  - [Current status of cerebral resuscitation].

PMID- 6377279
TI  - [Somatomedins. General characteristics].

PMID- 6377280
TI  - [Prof. Leon Manteuffel-Szoege (1904-1973)].

PMID- 6377281
TI  - [Diagnostic difficulties in primary malignant neoplasms of the small intestine
      exemplified by 3 observed cases].

PMID- 6377282
TI  - The influence of insulin hypoglycemia on central dopaminergic structures of the
      rat.
AB  - Daily administration of insulin, 2 U/kg/day for 9 days, leads to a marked
      increase in the activity of central dopaminergic structures, reflected by an
      increase in the apomorphine or amphetamine-induced stereotypy and a decrease in
      fluphenazine-induced catalepsy. These changes are accompanied by a depression of
      cerebral dopamine and noradrenaline levels and a depression of noradrenaline
      utilization in the brain.

PMID- 6377283
TI  - Cooperative clinical trials of the National Prostatic Cancer Project: Protocol
      900.
AB  - In May 1978, the National Prostatic Cancer Project Treatment Subgroup activated
      its first clinical trial evaluating adjuvant chemotherapy (Protocol 900). This
      protocol is a comparison of long-term adjuvant chemotherapy with
      cyclophosphamide, estramustine phosphate, or no additional treatment in patients
      with definitive surgical therapy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. To date, 128
      patients have been entered with an entry rate of approximately 2.2 patients per
      month. One hundred five patients form the basis of this report, with 96 patients
      still on active therapy. Estramustine phosphate has been administered at a dose
      of 600 mg/m2 orally daily in three divided doses. The cyclophosphamide is
      administered 1 g/m2 intravenously every 3 weeks. Results are still preliminary;
      only two evaluable patients have died. Approximately two-thirds of patients
      entered have had negative lymph nodes. Recurrent disease has been documented in
      15 patients, including eight receiving cyclophosphamide, three receiving
      estramustine phosphate, and four on the no-treatment arm. The recurrence rate has
      been disproportionately high (50%) in patients receiving cryosurgery rather than
      radical prostatectomy (12%). Maximum survival has reached 241 weeks. Side effects
      have consisted of leukopenia in patients receiving cyclophosphamide (56%), and
      nausea and vomiting with cyclophosphamide (85%), and estramustine phosphate
      (36%). This study continues with patient entries now over one-half of the number
      anticipated in the original study design.

PMID- 6377284
TI  - Stable versus partial response in advanced prostate cancer.
AB  - Stable response to therapy in patients with advanced prostate cancer, as
      experienced in clinical trials of the National Prostatic Cancer Project (NPCP),
      has been reexamined. Data from ten complete trials totaling over 1,300 patients
      have been examined for survival patterns within categories of response to
      therapy. Survival patterns, both for all patients and for those alive at 12
      weeks, were significantly poorer for patients categorized as progressors after 12
      weeks on treatment than for those categorized as stable or as partial
      regressions. Furthermore, comparisons of survival patterns for those patients
      categorized as stable or partial regression revealed no statistically significant
      differences between them. The similarity of survival for the stable and partial
      regression categories indicates that the stable category represents more than a
      segment of the population with slowly progressing disease and can be taken as an
      indicator of response to therapy.

PMID- 6377285
TI  - The many uses of microcomputers.

PMID- 6377286
TI  - Hypertensive encephalopathy complicating transplant renal artery stenosis.
AB  - A 26-year-old female diabetic patient developed hypertensive encephalopathy with
      gross neurological abnormalities complicating renal artery stenosis of her
      transplant kidney. The elevated blood pressure was unresponsive to medical
      treatment. Surgical correction of the stenoses in the renal artery cured the
      hypertension and renal failure and led to the patient's complete recovery.

PMID- 6377287
TI  - Hyperkalaemia in diabetes mellitus--potential hazards of coexisting
      hyporeninaemic hypoaldosteronism.
AB  - Two patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Type I), developed severe,
      life-threatening hyperkalaemia, the first following treatment with
      spironolactone, the second during treatment for staphylococcal septicaemia when
      glucose-induced hyperkalaemia occurred. Investigations demonstrated co-existing
      hyporeininaemic hypoaldosteronism. Prompt recognition of this combined hormone
      deficiency syndrome led to appropriate treatment and recovery. The biochemical
      features and clinical importance of hyporeninaemic hypoaldosteronism are
      discussed.

PMID- 6377288
TI  - Changes in pancreatic hormones associated with coccidiosis.
AB  - Compared to controls, 2- to 3-week-old broiler chicks inoculated with Eimeria
      acervulina (2 X 10(6) sporulated oocysts/bird) had significantly lower mean
      plasma levels of pancreatic insulin (PI) and pancreatic glucagon (PG) between 4
      and 6 days after inoculation (DAI). In further trials with E. acervulina
      infections, significant depressions in mean PG were seen at 7 DAI and appeared to
      be associated with a high inoculating dose. Mean plasma levels of glucagon-like
      immunoreactants (GLI) were significantly increased from 3 to 8 DAI. This increase
      was repeatedly demonstrable at 7 DAI and was dose dependent between doses of 2 X
      10(3) and 2 X 10(5) sporulated oocysts/bird. Compared to controls, chicks
      inoculated with E. tenella (2 X 10(5) sporulated oocysts/bird) had significantly
      higher mean plasma levels of PI at 4, 7, and 8 DAI and a significantly lower
      value at 6 DAI. Mean plasma PG values were significantly lower at 5 and 6 DAI.
      Mean plasma levels of GLI did not differ significantly from controls throughout
      the experiment. Changes in the hormones measured in both infections showed no
      direct significant statistical relationship with changes in pancreas weight, body
      weight, blood glucose or liver glycogen. However, an inverse correlation was
      found between plasma GLI and plasma pigment levels with time after infection in
      E. acervulina infections. The coincidence of plasma GLI increase with increased
      oocyst dose and diminished plasma pigment in E. acervulina infections, and the
      fact that E. tenella infection did not elicit a significant increase in plasma
      GLI, suggests that elevated GLI is closely associated with mucosal damage in the
      upper small intestine caused by E. acervulina.

PMID- 6377289
TI  - Computerised self-measurement of blood pressure.

PMID- 6377290
TI  - Blood pressure and diabetic control. Results of indapamide treatment.

PMID- 6377292
TI  - Historical perspectives. A corner of history in South Africa: the Adler Museum.

PMID- 6377291
TI  - A controlled trial of health education in the physician's office.
AB  - Screening of 6,144 patients in a general practice clinic to assist physician case
      finding uncovered 983 (16%) who were uncontrolled hypertensives. Following
      physician recommendation, 115 patients volunteered for a controlled trial to test
      the effectiveness of supplementary strategies to the pharmaceutical management of
      high blood pressure. A study of nonparticipants indicated that about 7% of the
      practice population was eligible for cardiovascular health education. One group
      received a health education program, a second was allocated to self-monitor their
      blood pressure for 6 months, a third group was allocated to both strategies, and
      the final group, acting as a control, continued to receive their usual care.
      Physician monitoring of patients continued for the duration of the study and
      blood pressures decreased in all patients. The study's most important outcome was
      the joint reduction of blood pressure and medication strength. These were
      assessed by a "blind" clinician before and after the interventions according to
      criteria set out in the "stepped-care" approach to management of high blood
      pressure. People allocated to a health education program conducted in the
      doctor's common room did twice as well on this measure as those who were not so
      educated. Daily self-monitoring of blood pressure for 6 months proved to be too
      much for the majority of those so instructed. It is concluded that the general
      practice setting remains an important place for health education to prevent
      cardiac disease and suggestions are made for incorporating this into everyday
      practice.

PMID- 6377293
TI  - [Postinjection changes in angiopathy patients].
AB  - The results are presented of studying the response of the foot skin blood
      microcirculatory vessels after injecting 2ml of saline solution of NaCl into the
      hip. A group of patients with diabetes mellitus aggravated by angiopathy of low
      extremities was managed with insulin during 4 to 18 years and examined versus
      insulin-untreated diabetes mellitus patients, persons with low limb obliterating
      thromboangiitis and healthy volunteers. The studies were carried out, using the
      "skin window" method, which allows one to investigate not only the capillary
      function but also the state of other skin microcirculatory units. It was
      determined that at rest the functioning microvessel density per the tissue area
      unit is compensatory enhanced in patients with angiopathy. The pain irritating
      effect (the injection) is integrated into a stereotypic vasospastic response in
      all the persons under study, becoming pathologically persistent in patients with
      angiopathy. It was concluded that the maximum tissue sparing is necessary during
      the injection therapy, considering this procedure as a factor of arising and
      developing the vessel affection, especially in diabetes mellitus insulin-treated
      patients, subjecting to systematic insulin injections.

PMID- 6377294
TI  - [Use of monopeak insulin preparations in patients with type-1 diabetes mellitus].
AB  - Clinical studies of domestic purified insulin agents were performed in 35
      patients (26 males and 9 females, aged 20 to 40 years old) suffering from I type
      diabetes mellitus. Among these patients 4 were with a labile disease course and 2
      with insulin resistance. The effectiveness of the drugs mentioned was evaluated
      according to the acquired diabetes mellitus compensation, concerning carbohydrate
      metabolism, the diurnal variations in insulin requirement and anti-insulin
      antibody titer and a changed diabetes mellitus course. The purified insulin
      agents were effective in I type diabetes mellitus patients. They did not differ
      from the ordinary domestic drugs (su-insulin) by their hypoglycemic activity. The
      terms of diabetes compensation became shorter, the lability was removed and
      insulin resistance was overcome in some patients, using these drugs. The
      decreased antiinsulin titer and diurnal insulin requirement were noted in the
      majority of the patients.

PMID- 6377295
TI  - [Morphofunctional characteristics of the initial phase of the development of
      experimental diabetes mellitus].
AB  - In experiments on albino rats it was found that the partial alloxan elimination
      of the pancreatic incretory elements followed by the normal diet and long-term
      adaptation of a healthy organism to excessive readily assimilating food
      carbohydrates are accompanied by a series of morphofunctional shifts, indicating
      the development of early diabetes mellitus stages, which are characterized by a
      recurrent increase in the glycemia level over 100 mg/100 ml, in the presence of
      sugar curves, changed according to a questionable type, hyperinsulinism and
      hyperlipemia arising. Some pancreatic islets are hypertrophied, whereas their
      beta-cell number decreases.

PMID- 6377296
TI  - [Effect of hyperthyroidization on (pro)insulin biosynthesis and secretion].
AB  - Insulin production and secretion in simulated rat hyperthyrosis induced by L
      thyroxin, injected intraperitoneally during 8 to 30 days, were studied on
      isolated Langerhans' islets, using collagenase fermentation. Insulin secretion in
      vitro was determined by radioimmunoassay, its biosynthesis being evaluated
      according to 3H-leucine incorporation into de novo formed islet proteins with
      insulin immunoreactivity. The dissociated effect of thyroxin on the secretory
      response of beta-cells and their hormone production was revealed. In
      hyperthyroidized animals a decrease in the islet insulin secretion was seen in
      the presence of a low glucose content in the incubating medium (5 mM), (pro
      )insulin biosynthesis remaining unchanged. (Pro-)insulin concentration increased
      comparatively to the control following 8-day thyroxin injection under condition
      of the islet incubation with 15 mM of glucose. Insulin secretion returns to
      normal after augmentation of hexose content in the incubating medium up to 15 mM
      (hormone production being not inhibited), indicating the functional character of
      a decrease in beta-cell secretory response and a significant role in its genesis
      of the changed beta-cell sensitivity to glucose action, inducing insulin
      secretion.

PMID- 6377297
TI  - [Endocrine pancreas function in rats in the early postnatal period. The effect of
      feeding and litter size].
AB  - The rat pancreatic endocrine region during the early postnatal period was
      evaluated depending on the litter size. The body and pancreatic weight lowers and
      the blood glucose content tends to rise alongside with the litter size
      increasing. Insulin levels are augmented and glucagon content is reduced in the
      pancreas of newborn rats with the large litter. The feeding of the animals is
      accompanied by rapid enhancement of the gland hormone concentration. The per cent
      content of insulin-secreting cells in Langerhans' islets of newborn rats is
      rather higher than that of adult animals, being dependent on the litter size as
      well.

PMID- 6377298
TI  - [Effect of age and body weight on the insulin, glucagon and somatotropin content
      of the human blood].
AB  - Insulin, glucagon and somatotropin content in the blood of men and women with the
      normal and excess body weight was investigated by means of radioimmunoassay. The
      age of the persons under study ranged from 20 to 99 years old. It has been
      established that insulin and somatotropin concentration remains unchanged and
      that of glucagon increases with aging. When the body weight is excessive the
      blood insulin and glucagon levels rise, whereas that of somatotropin lowers. The
      differences between glucagon and somatotropin concentrations in persons with the
      normal and excessive body weight disappear with aging.

PMID- 6377299
TI  - [Various indicators of the hormonal profile and the physical development of
      adolescents with tuberculosis].

PMID- 6377300
TI  - [Influenza and tuberculosis].

PMID- 6377301
TI  - [Relation between the status of the blood adenylate system and the intensity of
      the process of lipid peroxidation in patients with newly detected pulmonary
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 6377302
TI  - [Concentration of immunoreactive insulin and sulfhydryl groups in the serum of
      pulmonary tuberculosis patients].

PMID- 6377303
TI  - [Treatment of patients with infiltrative tuberculosis of the lungs with
      tuberculin in combination with ethambutol and rifadin].

PMID- 6377304
TI  - Cross-linking of tRNA at two different sites of the elongation factor Tu.
AB  - Recently, we reported on the induction by kirromycin of two tRNA binding sites on
      elongation factor Tu. To obtain independent information on the existence of these
      two sites and to characterize them further, 3' oxidized tRNA was cross-linked to
      elongation factor Tu by [3H]borohydride reduction. Specific cross-linking
      occurred exclusively in the presence of kirromycin. In the case of elongation
      factor Tu X GDP X kirromycin, cross-linking was found at lysine-208; in
      elongation factor Tu X GTP X kirromycin, cross-linking was at lysine-208 and
      lysine-237. In both elongation factor Tu complexes, kirromycin itself was found
      cross-linked to lysine-357. The tRNA cross-linking sites are in agreement with
      the idea of two different binding sites of tRNA on elongation factor Tu.

PMID- 6377305
TI  - Model of specific complex between catabolite gene activator protein and B-DNA
      suggested by electrostatic complementarity.
AB  - Calculation of the electrostatic potential energy surfaces of Escherichia coli
      catabolite gene activator protein (CAP) dimer suggests a model for the complex
      between CAP and a specific DNA sequence. The positive electrostatic charge
      density of CAP lies on the two COOH-terminal domains and about 20-30 A from the
      molecular 2-fold axis. Assuming that the 2-fold axes of the CAP dimer and the DNA
      to which it binds are coincident, the positions of the positive electrostatic
      potential surfaces strongly suggest the rotational orientation of the DNA
      relative to the protein. A specific complex between CAP and its DNA binding site
      in the lac operon has been built with the DNA in this orientation. The amino ends
      of the two protruding F alpha-helices interact in successive major grooves of the
      DNA. Four side chains emanating from each F helix can form hydrogen bonds with
      the exposed edges of four bases in the major groove. Electrostatic considerations
      as well as the necessity to make interactions between CAP and a DNA site as much
      as 20 base pairs long require us to bend or kink the DNA. In our model of CAP
      complexed with B-DNA, as with those proposed for Cro and lambda cI repressors,
      the protruding second helices of the two-helix motif from both subunits interact
      in successive major grooves of B-DNA. However, unlike Cro and similar to lambda
      cI, the protruding alpha-helices are nearly parallel to the bases rather than the
      groove.

PMID- 6377306
TI  - Structure of unligated aspartate carbamoyltransferase of Escherichia coli at 2.6
      A resolution.
AB  - The three-dimensional structure of the allosteric enzyme aspartate
      carbamoyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.2) has been refined to a crystallographic R-factor
      of 0.24 at 2.6-A resolution in the space group P321, where a and b are 122.1 A
      and c is 142.2 A. This structure is isomorphous to the form of the enzyme
      complexed to the allosteric inhibitor cytidine triphosphate. All sources of
      sequence information have been evaluated against the electron density. The
      corrected amino acid sequences of the catalytic and regulatory proteins have been
      incorporated in the model, and three regions in the active site are described:
      (i) near arginine-105, histidine-134, and arginine-167, (ii) near lysine-232 and
      arginine-229, and (iii) near lysine-83 and lysine-84.

PMID- 6377307
TI  - Regulation of bacterial DNA supercoiling: plasmid linking numbers vary with
      growth temperature.
AB  - The level of DNA supercoiling can be altered either by breaking-rejoining
      reactions that change the DNA linking number or by environmental changes that
      alter the helical pitch of DNA. In vitro, temperature changes alter helical pitch
      and, thus, supercoiling. We find that plasmids isolated from bacteria grown at
      different temperatures exhibit differences in DNA linking numbers. The
      differences in plasmid linking numbers offset the effect temperature is expected
      to have on supercoiling. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that
      fine control of DNA topology in bacterial cells is brought about by changes in
      linking number to maintain a constant value for supercoiling.

PMID- 6377308
TI  - Regulation of the araC gene of Escherichia coli: catabolite repression,
      autoregulation, and effect on araBAD expression.
AB  - The araC gene encodes a positive regulatory protein required for L-arabinose
      utilization in Escherichia coli. Transcription from the araC promoter has been
      shown to be under positive control by cAMP receptor protein and under negative
      control by its protein product (autoregulation). This work describes the
      identification of the region of the araC promoter that interacts with the cAMP
      receptor protein to mediate catabolite repression. A 3-base-pair deletion
      centered 60 base pairs from the transcriptional initiation site results in a
      mutant araC promoter that, in the absence of araC protein, reduces
      transcriptional activity when compared with the wild-type promoter and is
      unresponsive to various concentrations of intracellular cAMP in vivo. The same
      deletion results in a lowered affinity of the araC promoter for cAMP receptor
      protein in vitro. However, this lowered affinity for the mutant araC promoter
      does not result in substantial reduction of intracellular araC protein because
      autoregulation of the araC gene dominates catabolite repression. The 3-base-pair
      deletion in the cAMP receptor protein binding site of the araC promoter does not
      affect catabolite repression of the adjacent araBAD operon. The implications of
      these results on current models for expression of the araBAD operon and the araC
      gene are discussed.

PMID- 6377310
TI  - Identification of genes and gene products necessary for bacterial
      bioluminescence.
AB  - Expression of luminescence in Escherichia coli was recently achieved by cloning
      genes from the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri. One DNA fragment on a hybrid
      plasmid encoded regulatory functions and enzymatic activities necessary for light
      production. We report the results of a genetic analysis to identify the
      luminescence genes (lux) that reside on this recombinant plasmid. lux gene
      mutations were generated by hydroxylamine treatment, and these mutations were
      ordered on a linear map by complementation in trans with a series of polar
      transposon insertions on other plasmids. lux genes were defined by
      complementation of lux gene defects on pairs of plasmids in trans in E. coli.
      Hybrid plasmids were also used to direct the synthesis of polypeptides in the E.
      coli minicell system. Seven lux genes and the corresponding gene products were
      identified from the complementation analysis and the minicell programing
      experiments. These genes, in the order of their position on a linear map, and the
      apparent molecular weights of the gene products are luxR (27,000), luxI (25,000),
      luxC (53,000), luxD (33,000), luxA (40,000), luxB (38,000), and luxE (42,000).
      From the luminescence phenotypes of E. coli containing mutant plasmids, functions
      were assigned to these genes: luxA, luxB, luxC, luxD, and luxE encode enzymes for
      light production and luxR and luxI encode regulatory functions.

PMID- 6377312
TI  - History of the genetic epidemiology of coronary heart disease.

PMID- 6377309
TI  - Multiple regulatory signals in the control region of the Escherichia coli carAB
      operon.
AB  - The first reaction in pyrimidine and arginine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli is
      catalyzed by a single enzyme, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase (EC 6.3.5.5), the
      product of the carAB operon. Expression of this operon is cumulatively repressed
      by arginine and pyrimidines. The nucleotide sequence of the carAB control region
      was determined and transcriptional starts were localized. Two adjacent promoters,
      70 base pairs apart, appear to be used in vivo, the downstream one overlapping a
      typical arginine operator. The absence of any attenuation-like sequence excludes
      such a mechanism for pyrimidine-mediated repression. Various fragments of the
      carA promoter-proximal region were fused in vitro with the lacZ gene. Results
      obtained with these fusions indicate that (i) translation of the carA gene can be
      initiated in vivo without an AUG codon but very likely with an UUG or an AUU
      codon; (ii) the carAB downstream promoter is repressed by arginine; and (iii) the
      carAB upstream promoter is repressed by pyrimidines and subject to stringent
      control. When carried by a multicopy plasmid the carAB control region escapes
      repression by arginine and pyrimidines. The existence of a pyrimidine repressor,
      present in limiting amounts in the cell, is therefore postulated.

PMID- 6377311
TI  - The mononuclear phagocyte system of the mouse defined by immunohistochemical
      localization of antigen F4/80: macrophages of endocrine organs.
AB  - Macrophages of endocrine organs have been identified by immunohistochemical
      localization of the macrophage-specific antigen F4/80. F4/80+ cells line vascular
      sinuses and capillaries in anterior and posterior pituitary, adrenal cortex,
      corpus luteum, parathyroid, pineal gland, and islets of Langerhans. In testis
      approximately 20% of interstitial cells are F4/80+. F4/80+ cells infiltrate
      corpus luteum in increased numbers during luteolysis.

PMID- 6377313
TI  - Segregation analysis: a gene or not a gene. . .

PMID- 6377314
TI  - Linkage and association.

PMID- 6377315
TI  - The impact of RFLPs on human gene mapping.

PMID- 6377316
TI  - The relevance of twin studies to cardiovascular research.

PMID- 6377317
TI  - Sampling considerations in the design and analysis of family studies.

PMID- 6377319
TI  - Future genetic-epidemiological research in coronary heart disease: the decade of
      the apolipoproteins, dysapolipoproteinemia, and dyslipoproteinemia.

PMID- 6377318
TI  - The genetic epidemiology of hypertension: a review of past studies and current
      results for 948 persons in 48 Utah pedigrees.

PMID- 6377321
TI  - Advances in immunobiology: blood cell antigens and bone marrow transplantation.
      Proceedings of the XVth Annual Scientific Symposium of the American Red Cross,
      Washington, D.C., May 4-6, 1983.

PMID- 6377320
TI  - Future trends in genetic analysis methodology.

PMID- 6377322
TI  - Clinical significance of platelet-specific antigens and antibodies.

PMID- 6377323
TI  - Granulocyte-specific antigens and methods for their detection.

PMID- 6377324
TI  - The HLA system in clinical bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 6377325
TI  - Autologous marrow transplantation for cancer therapy.

PMID- 6377326
TI  - Pathophysiology and prevention of graft-versus-host disease.

PMID- 6377327
TI  - The use of monoclonal antibodies in human bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 6377328
TI  - Prostaglandin response in the exercise conditioned rat.
AB  - Thrombin- and collagen-induced thromboxane A2 (TxA2) production were
      significantly reduced in washed platelets from exercise-trained rats as compared
      to sedentary controls. No consistant differences were found in the synthesis of
      prostacyclin (PGI2) from endogenous arachidonate in strips of aorta. Isolated
      hearts perfused by the "Langendorff" method respond to bolus injections of PGI2
      with a decreased perfusion pressure. Hearts from exercised-trained animals were
      more responsive than those from sedentary animals to the vasodilating effects of
      PGI2. The increased ratio of PGI2/TxA2 and the increased responsiveness of the
      coronary vasculature to PGI2 seen in the trained rats may provide protection from
      cardiovascular disease.

PMID- 6377329
TI  - The effect of high insulin concentrations on prostacyclin production as measured
      by 6-keto PGF1 alpha determination.
AB  - The effect of insulin in varied concentrations on the production of 6-keto PGF1
      alpha, the metabolite of prostacyclin, by rat aortic tissue in vitro was assessed
      by radioimmunoassay. An insulin concentration of 50 microU/ml produced no change
      in 6-keto PGF1 alpha from the control samples, but concentrations of 100
      microU/ml and 250 microU/ml reduced production from a control value of 0.326 +/-
      0.031 ng/mg to 0.253 +/- .018 ng/mg (P less than .05) and 0.226 +/- 0.015 ng/mg
      (P less than .025) respectively. These results suggest that the suppression of
      PGI2 production may occur in states associated with insulin levels above those
      normally found in the postprandial state and might be one mechanism by which
      hyperinsulinemia might favor macrovascular disease.

PMID- 6377330
TI  - Influence of indomethacin delivered from an intrauterine silastic device on basal
      levels and synthesizing capability of rat uterus for prostacyclin.
AB  - The intrauterine release of indomethacin (approximately 120 micrograms over 23
      days) from a unilateral silastic device did not cause any significant reduction
      in basal levels of PGI2 (determined as 6-keto PGF1 alpha) in the tissue of the
      IUD horn. However, this tissue was found to have an increased potential for PGI2
      synthesis when compared to that of the uterine horn with a plain device. The
      implications of these findings regarding a possible effect of indomethacin on the
      myometrium are discussed.

PMID- 6377331
TI  - Bilateral cannula system for intracranial chemical microinjection in small
      animals.
AB  - An easily constructed and inexpensive bilateral cannula assembly for
      microinjection of chemicals into neural tissue in small animals is described. It
      reduces problems sometimes encountered with commercially available units, making
      it useful in both research and teaching laboratory settings. Suggestions for
      implant procedures and modifications for use in unique applications are
      suggested.

PMID- 6377332
TI  - The application of mutagenicity tests to the prediction of carcinogenic activity
      of chemicals and drugs.

PMID- 6377333
TI  - [The history of pharmaceutical science. 11: The importance of Johannes (Hans)
      Valentin in the development of pharmaceutical science].

PMID- 6377334
TI  - [Mechanisms of pharmacokinetic drug interactions. 4: Mechanisms of interaction
      during biotransformation].

PMID- 6377335
TI  - Practicable and valid approach to evaluate the efficacy of nootropic drugs by
      means of rating scales.
AB  - Starting with the disputable practice of evaluating the efficacy of nootropic
      drugs the author has developed a strictly experimental examination approach
      emphasising the internal validity of experiments. The physician's assessment of
      the global therapeutic effect is suggested as a variable examination factor which
      should be treated as an independent variable and a valid instrument for judging
      the effect when arriving at a statistical conclusion. Differentiated rating
      scales and measurements are suggested as a basis for this judgment. Proven
      effects are described in a more differentiated manner by means of this method
      which helps in discussing the validity of results.

PMID- 6377336
TI  - Placebo application, personality, and headaches: a signal detection theory
      analysis of experimentally induced pain in comparison to clinical pain.
AB  - 45 patients suffering from severe chronic intermittent headaches were divided
      into 3 groups matched for sex, and assigned to a double-blind 5-week cross-over
      design with 3 X 1 g/d metamizole--a mild analgesic of the pyrazolone type--a
      placebo, or a no-treatment control condition. For each of the 6 sessions (t0-t5)
      signal detection theory parameters d' and log beta for assessment of electrical
      pain perception and headache ratings on the preceding treatment period were
      obtained. At t0 all patients were examined via a personality inventory. There
      were no significant drug effects on headache and signal detection theory
      parameters, but a clear decrease of the discrimination index d' and of clinical
      pain over time, regardless of the mode of treatment. No relationship between
      pathological and experimentally induced pain could be demonstrated. There was no
      significant negative correlation between response bias of judgement of stimulus
      intensity (log beta) and neuroticism.

PMID- 6377337
TI  - Dielectric properties of insulin in solution.
AB  - Values of the relative permittivity of a 5% solution of despentapeptide insulin
      (DPI) are given at six temperatures over a frequency range 0.2-50 MHz. The
      solvent was a mixture of water and ethylene glycol at pH = 3. From the dispersion
      curves a dipole moment of 72 +/- 1 was obtained for the insulin molecule at 25
      degrees C. By combining the dielectric measurements with values of solvent
      viscosity the volume of the insulin molecule in solution was found to be only
      slightly larger than that in the crystal. This indicates that insulin possesses a
      markedly lower quantity of water of hydration than has been observed for globular
      proteins containing a higher proportion of hydrophilic groups on the surface of
      the molecule.

PMID- 6377338
TI  - Quantification of pyrimidine dimers and apurinic sites in DNAs of uniform length.

PMID- 6377339
TI  - Modifying factors of the cellular concentration of photolyase molecules in
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells--I. Effects of temperature and light.

PMID- 6377340
TI  - Effects of unstirred layers on membrane phenomena.

PMID- 6377341
TI  - Multiple functions of vitamin A.

PMID- 6377342
TI  - [Stanislawa Leszczynska our patroness].

PMID- 6377343
TI  - [200 years].

PMID- 6377344
TI  - The posterior calf fasciocutaneous free flap.
AB  - Four clinical cases are presented that represent our initial experience with a
      new fasciocutaneous free-flap unit. The territory of this flap incorporates the
      skin, fat, and fascia of the posterior calf region. Its design is based on the
      principle of the fasciocutaneous flap. Anatomic studies confirm that the blood
      supply to this flap is derived from a descending subfascial branch of the
      popliteal artery. The flap is well endowed with cutaneous sensory nerves, making
      it a potential neurosensory free flap. Our technique of flap design and elevation
      is presented, and potential advantages and disadvantages of this flap are
      discussed.

PMID- 6377345
TI  - [Projective value of the drawing test "The Bewitched Family" in neuroses and
      behavior disorders in children].

PMID- 6377346
TI  - [Selected psychological and medical problems of terminal-care patients].

PMID- 6377347
TI  - [Diagnostic aspects of music therapy and psycho-drawing].

PMID- 6377348
TI  - Robert G. Kvarnes, M.D.: in memoriam.

PMID- 6377349
TI  - Mental distress in mothers of young children in Harrogate.
AB  - Two hundred and forty women with young children who were patients in a Harrogate
      general practice were studied. About a third of them were found to be suffering
      from 'mental distress'. Younger mothers were more affected. The number of spacing
      of their children were not related to symptoms of depression and anxiety, but
      poor personal relationships and difficulties getting out and about were so
      related, despite relatively affluent circumstances. Children of distressed
      mothers were more inclined to be disturbed. A controlled trial using
      amitriptyline involving 25 of the women suggested that this drug can improve
      depressive symptoms under these circumstances and that the improvement is likely
      to be maintained over the course of a year.

PMID- 6377350
TI  - Electrophysiologic characteristics of respiratory suspension periods occurring
      during the practice of the Transcendental Meditation Program.
AB  - In a study designed to identify the electrophysiologic characteristics of the
      Transcendental Meditation Program, 52 periods of spontaneous respiratory
      suspension (RS) were observed in 18 subjects during the practice of this program.
      These periods were correlated with some but not all the subjective experiences of
      pure consciousness. Nineteen RS periods (belonging to 11 subjects) free from any
      artifact were selected for EEG analysis. The mean total EEG coherence over all
      frequencies and over nine derivations for TM subjects showed a significant
      increase during the RS periods as compared to pre- and post-RS control periods.
      There was no significant change in mean total EEG coherence in a control group of
      30 subjects voluntarily holding their breath. The heart rate showed a significant
      decrease during the RS periods in both the experimental and control groups,
      whereas there was no significant change in EEG alpha power in either group. These
      findings extend those of previous studies and help characterize the physiologic
      correlates of the state of pure consciousness during the TM program.

PMID- 6377351
TI  - Lowered insulin requirements after ECT.

PMID- 6377353
TI  - Free energy cost and accuracy in branched selection processes of biosynthesis.

PMID- 6377352
TI  - Disease, debility and death in a Welsh Town: Cardiff 1845-65.

PMID- 6377354
TI  - [The possibility for error with double-etched bridges].

PMID- 6377355
TI  - [Oral rehabilitation using a partial denture (II)].

PMID- 6377356
TI  - [A rigid-clasp cast prosthesis].

PMID- 6377357
TI  - [Cooperation of the dental assistant in prosthetic measures --possibilities and
      limits of delegation (II)].

PMID- 6377358
TI  - [My experiences with the model-tray system].

PMID- 6377359
TI  - [Contribution to the serologic study of toxoplasmosis in pregnancy].
AB  - Toxoplasma antibodies in five women sera during the pregnancy were detected by
      direct agglutination and immunofluorescent tests both for IgG and IgM. The
      presence and the changes of the IgG and IgM titers are related to the abortion
      and/or foetal pathology. In order to prevent such a risk the authors suggest to
      test all the women before or early in the pregnancy for toxoplasma antibodies.

PMID- 6377360
TI  - [Evaluation of the immunoenzymatic method for the study of rubella virus
      antibodies in relation to the traditional hemagglutination-inhibition test].
AB  - The authors compare enzyme immunoassay for rubella virus antibodies (ELISA) with
      a customary test, hemoagglutino-inhibition test. 392 sera samples were collected
      from healthy boys and girls; 304 girls had been vaccinated five years before. The
      authors research sensitivity and specificity of ELISA in comparison with
      hemoagglutino-inhibition test; ELISA proves to have a high degree of sensitivity,
      but it is less specific than hemoagglutino-inhibition test. This underlines the
      possibility to have false positive results from ELISA which appears a very useful
      test for epidemiological screenings, but less reliable for the diagnosis of
      recent rubella infections. As ELISA results are usually expressed in Optical
      Density values, and hemoagglutino-inhibition test results in antibodies
      dilutions, the authors have performed a graphic analysis; Optical Density values
      were evaluated in correspondence to the log2 of reciprocal dilutions of
      hemoagglutino-inhibition test positives. There is evidence of a linear
      correlation; in this way one can transform ELISA values in their correspondent
      antibodies dilutions, which are easily understood by general physicians.

PMID- 6377361
TI  - [Evaluation of the immunoenzymatic method for the study of anti-Toxoplasma gondii
      type IgG antibodies in relation to the indirect immunofluorescence method].
AB  - The indirect immunofluorescence assay for detecting anti-Toxoplasma gondii serum
      IgG is compared with the enzyme immunoassay employing a commercial kit for IgG.
      Enzyme immunoassay test shows a high degree of sensitivity, but it is less
      specific in comparison with indirect immunofluorescence test. There is evidence
      of direct relation between values expressed in Optical Density and reciprocal
      dilutions of sera; moreover a direct relation appears between Optical Density
      values and International Units/cm3. The authors claim that is advisable to give
      enzyme immunoassay test results, not only as Optical Density values, but also as
      antibody dilutions and International Units/cm3.

PMID- 6377362
TI  - [Chemobiotic sensitivity of common Gram-negative bacteria in urinary tract
      infections, 1981-1982].
AB  - 751 stems of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from urinary samples with bacterial
      charge greater than or equal to 100,000 CFU (Colony Forming Units)/ml gathered
      from January 1981 to December 1982 have been examined. The sensitivity to the
      following chemoantibiotics has been tested: ampicillin, cefuroxime, amikacin,
      gentamicin, tobramycin, nalidixic acid, pipemidic acid, nitrofurantoin, co
      trimoxazole. A very good sensitivity to pipemidic acid, amikacin, from all
      species considered (Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, gr. Klebsiella
      Enterobacter, Pseudomonas) and a good sensitivity to co-trimoxazole (with the
      exception of Pseudomonas) have been found. A decidedly low sensitivity has been
      found to nitrofurantoin and ampicillin from all species considered. It is also
      pointed out how the stems isolated in hospital patients are more resistant (with
      statistical significance by analysis of variance) than the corresponding species
      isolated in ambulatory patients.

PMID- 6377363
TI  - [Laboratory diagnosis in clinical renal transplants. III. Exfoliative urinary
      cytology in immunologic complications].
AB  - The authors summarize their experiences on cytological monitoring in kidney
      allografts performed at II Patologia Speciale Chirurgica, University of Rome
      (Italy), during the period 1979-1982. The different aspects of the urinary
      exfoliative cytology dealing with the post transplant immunological
      complications, and the differential cytomorphological criteria are described in
      detail. A good correlation among cytological, immunological and clinical
      parameters has been observed in 78% of the examined patients. Moreover the
      cytological findings allowed in 90% of cases an early diagnosis of rejection,
      increasing the possibility to successfully prevent an irreversible damage of the
      graft.

PMID- 6377364
TI  - [Preparation of complete dentures (III)].

PMID- 6377365
TI  - [Various methods of metalloceramic veneering of adjacent prosthetic parts (VI)].

PMID- 6377366
TI  - [Preparation of anterior bridge with pin ledge anchors (II)].

PMID- 6377367
TI  - [Precision model preparation using the Pinmatic system (II)].

PMID- 6377368
TI  - [Bond strength testing of baked ceramic-alloys using the wafer bending test].

PMID- 6377369
TI  - [Use of a fine embedding material as a wetting agent].

PMID- 6377370
TI  - [Photography in dental technology].

PMID- 6377371
TI  - [Amelogenesis imperfecta--clinical and technical rehabilitation is not an
      everyday occurrence].

PMID- 6377373
TI  - [Model post attachment system (II)].

PMID- 6377372
TI  - [Pin lock (II)].

PMID- 6377374
TI  - [Porcelain crowns using the Kera-Platinum technic. Renaissance of the jacket
      crown].

PMID- 6377375
TI  - [Ceramic-Inzoma and Isosit-PE technic. Precious metal and non-precious metal
      (III)].

PMID- 6377376
TI  - [Recrystallization process in ceramic materials during the baking process].

PMID- 6377377
TI  - [Bone marrow transplantation as a factor modifying the recovery processes of
      hematopoietic tissue in irradiated mice].
AB  - In experiments on (CBA X C57Bl)F1 mice exposed to 60Co-gamma-radiation in a dose
      of 8.5 Gy a different degree of blood system recovery was demonstrated after bone
      marrow transplantation in the following quantities; 2 X 10(5), 2 X 10(6) or 5 X
      10(6) cells. With the smallest number of myelocaryocytes transplanted the
      regeneration of haemopoiesis, especially granulopoiesis, was relatively more
      pronounced (disproportionally to the number of the transplanted cells).

PMID- 6377378
TI  - [Long-term effects of sublethal radiation doses and modifying factors on the
      state of immunological indices in mice].
AB  - A study was made of mean life, amount of CFUs and plaque-forming cells, and
      functional activity of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in CBA mice a year after
      irradiation with a dose of 3 Gy and a single therapeutic administration (after 4
      5 h) of bone marrow and thymus cells, or after shielding of femur during
      exposure. The effects obtained after irradiation at different dose-rates (0.031
      and 1.29 mA/kg) have been compared.

PMID- 6377379
TI  - [Change in the metabolic reserve of free amino acids in the peripheral blood and
      spleen during exposure to whole body uniform gamma-radiation].
AB  - A study was made of the dynamics of changes in the amino acid composition of
      erythrocytes, plasma, whole blood and spleen of albino rats during 3 days after
      total-body uniform gamma-irradiation with doses of 3, 6 and 12 Gy. The change in
      the amino acid pool of blood and spleen and the ratio between the amino acid
      concentration in erythrocytes and plasma were shown to depend upon the degree of
      radiation injury.

PMID- 6377380
TI  - [Iron content of the blood and saturation of serum transferrin with iron as
      affected by roentgen rays].
AB  - Total-body X-irradiation of rabbits with a dose of 4.5 Gy caused appreciable
      changes in the iron content of blood and iron saturation of blood serum
      transferrin over a period from 30 min to 30 days. The pattern of changes in the
      indices under study depended upon the time lapsed after irradiation.

PMID- 6377381
TI  - [Increase in the agglutination activity of rat blood serum following total body
      irradiation with supralethal doses].
AB  - Irradiation of immunized (during the decrease in the immune response, i.e. on the
      14th day following the immunization with sheep erythrocytes) and nonimmunized
      rats leads to a considerable increase in the level of immune and normal
      antimicrobial antibodies 3 and 24 h following irradiation. Irradiation on the 7th
      day of the immune response does not cause the increase in the level of
      antibodies.

PMID- 6377382
TI  - [Effect of microwaves of nonthermal intensity on the number of aberrant
      hepatocytes in rats].
AB  - It was shown on rats that the effect of permanently generated electromagnetic
      field (a whole-body exposure) during 45 days (7h a day, the energy flux density
      of 10 microW/cm2) caused a decrease in number of hepatocytes with the affected
      chromosomes. Some part of animals exposed to higher energy loading (PD - 50
      microW/cm2, 20 days, 7 h/day) showed the increase of aberrant cells level. A
      single exposure at 500 microW/cm2 and a ten-fold exposure at 50 microW/cm2 (10
      days, 7h a day) were shown to be ineffective.

PMID- 6377383
TI  - [Current trends in brachytherapy by the afterloading technic].

PMID- 6377384
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography in pediatric cerebrovascular occlusive disease.
AB  - While conventional angiography has been used to demonstrate cerebrovascular
      occlusive disease in the past, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is capable
      of showing progressive vascular involvement with ease, simplicity, and extremely
      low morbidity, making it particularly well suited for children and outpatients
      either alone or coordinated with computed tomography. The authors discuss the
      usefulness and advantages of DSA as demonstrated in 7 infants and children with
      hemiplegia, 4 of whom had sickle-cell disease.

PMID- 6377385
TI  - Principles of electrical testing for analysis of ventricular endocardial pacing
      leads.

PMID- 6377386
TI  - Molecular aspects of tritiated water and natural water in radiation biology.

PMID- 6377388
TI  - [AMP deaminase reaction as a control system of glycolysis: regulatory mechanism
      of AMP deaminase-ammonium system and its physiological role].

PMID- 6377389
TI  - [Role of pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli (EPEC and ETEC) in the etiology
      of infantile diarrhea].

PMID- 6377387
TI  - NMR studies of muscle proteins.

PMID- 6377390
TI  - [Outbreak of ice cream poisoning in Szczecin caused by Salmonella typhimurium].

PMID- 6377391
TI  - [Determination of small amounts of botulinum toxin protein by an immunoenzyme
      method with chemiluminescence reaction].

PMID- 6377392
TI  - [Effect of lipanthyl on parameters of lipid metabolism in patients with primary
      hyperlipoproteinemia].

PMID- 6377393
TI  - [Psychosomatic models of a disease].

PMID- 6377394
TI  - [Effect of hydrochlothiazide on the secretion and urinary excretion of insulin in
      patients with hypertension].

PMID- 6377395
TI  - [Primary hyperlipoproteinemia in its clinical and laboratory aspects. VIII. Blood
      insulin and its direct relation to selected parameters of carbohydrate
      metabolism].

PMID- 6377396
TI  - [Current concepts of diagnosis and treatment of thrombotic thrombocytic purpura].

PMID- 6377398
TI  - Current trend and future prospect of nuclear instruments in industrial
      radioisotope applications.

PMID- 6377397
TI  - [Current topics in radiopharmaceuticals in Japan. (I). Radiopharmaceuticals for
      medical use].

PMID- 6377399
TI  - An analysis of potential carcinogenic risk from formaldehyde.
AB  - Formaldehyde was recently shown to be carcinogenic in the nasal cavities of rats
      and mice following chronic inhalation at vapor concentrations which were
      cytotoxic. The epidemiological, physiological, and toxicological data on
      formaldehyde are evaluated as they pertain to the analysis of carcinogenic risk.
      It is concluded that humans are likely to be less susceptible than test rodents
      to potential carcinogenic effects and that the risk at low-level exposure would
      not be linearly related to that observed at the higher levels which were found to
      be carcinogenic in animals. Risk assessment procedures and risk management
      decisions should incorporate all of the relevant biological information, such as
      that discussed, rather than rely solely on a mathematical approach which is
      likely to yield inaccurate and misleading conclusions.

PMID- 6377400
TI  - The development of self-originated new drugs by Swiss pharmaceutical firms, 1960
      1980.
AB  - This study of the development and regulation of self-originated new chemical
      entities (NCEs) in Switzerland between 1960 and 1980 is based on confidential
      data obtained through a survey of the three largest Swiss companies. Analyses of
      these data allowed description of the changes over time in (1) the number of NCEs
      introduced into clinical testing each year, (2) the time required to test and
      gain approval for a new drug, and (3) the success rate for NCEs, i.e., the
      proportion of those tested in man that received marketing approval. Because Swiss
      regulations may have an impact on these trends, the possible relationship between
      major regulatory events and changes in research activity is examined. Other
      factors such as regulatory requirements in major foreign markets and
      international economic influences are also considered.

PMID- 6377401
TI  - [Clinical updating of digital angiography].

PMID- 6377402
TI  - [Determination of cerebral blood flow using non-diffusible tracers].
AB  - A program for the evaluation of cerebral blood flow based on the analysis of the
      time activity curves is presented. The method is based on the Meier and Zierler
      formula, applying the partition coefficents suggested by Lassen et al. for the
      corrections deriving from the use of non-diffusible indicators (99Tcm-DTPA).
      Particular attention is given to the smoothing of the time-activity curve (using
      Legendre's polynomials) and to the correction function for reflux. The
      computation procedures and their validity is discussed.

PMID- 6377403
TI  - [Blood salicylates in healthy volunteers after ingestion of aspirin in
      conventional or buffered tablets].

PMID- 6377404
TI  - [New aspects of the physiopathology and treatment of the hepatorenal syndrome].

PMID- 6377405
TI  - [Renal involvement in congenital syphilis].

PMID- 6377406
TI  - [Influence of the type of dietary protein on blood cholesterol concentrations in
      the rabbit and man].

PMID- 6377407
TI  - [Importance of digoxin monitoring].

PMID- 6377408
TI  - [Effect of insulin-induced hypoglycemia on the metabolism of monoamines].

PMID- 6377409
TI  - [Pulmonary thromboembolism. Current status].

PMID- 6377410
TI  - [Urticariform vasculitis].

PMID- 6377411
TI  - [Development of a solid-phase immunoenzymatic method applied to the study of
      single serum dilutions in human hydatidosis].

PMID- 6377412
TI  - [Refractory anemias. Clinico-hematological study of 16 patients].

PMID- 6377413
TI  - [Pre-excitation syndromes (I): Embryology and anatomical basis].

PMID- 6377414
TI  - [Pre-excitation syndromes (II): Evolution, current concept and pathogenic
      mechanisms].

PMID- 6377415
TI  - [Comparison of insulin and growth hormone levels in oral and intravenous glucose
      overload in normal and obese women].

PMID- 6377416
TI  - [Myocardial protection during anesthesia in the coronary patient].

PMID- 6377417
TI  - [Recurrent benign intrahepatic cholestasis. Presentation of a case and review of
      the literature].

PMID- 6377419
TI  - Diagnosis and staging.

PMID- 6377418
TI  - Lung cancer: future prospects.

PMID- 6377420
TI  - [SEM and TEM observation of dentin surface treated for adhesion].

PMID- 6377421
TI  - Phenobarbital treatment enhances insulin mediated glucose metabolism in man.
AB  - The addition of phenobarbital (PB) to a sulphonylurea regimen improves glucose
      control in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM, Type 2).
      A change in insulin sensitivity is possibly involved. We hence investigated
      insulin mediated glucose metabolism before and after a ten day course of PB
      therapy in healthy, nondiabetic subjects using the euglycemic glucose clamp
      technique. The glucose disposal rate (M) increased from 5.95 +/- 1.63 mg/kg/min
      to 8.00 +/- 1.64 mg/kg/min (p less than 0.001), the immunoreactive insulin (IRI)
      level decreased from 19.1 +/- 2.9 mU/l to 15.2 +/- 4.2 mU/l (p less than 0.02),
      whereas fasting blood glucose values and body weight remained unchanged. The
      lactate level remained unaltered, whereas the metabolism of lactate to pyruvate
      improved with PB therapy. The data demonstrate that PB increases insulin mediated
      glucose metabolism . This suggests a new approach to influencing insulin
      sensitivity in man.

PMID- 6377422
TI  - [Application of artificial intelligence for the diagnosis of respiratory
      disease].

PMID- 6377423
TI  - [Activity of doxycycline in ORL infections].

PMID- 6377424
TI  - [Incidence of enterotoxigenic E. coli in infants with acute diarrhea. Usefulness
      of LLC cells in the detection of thermolabile toxins].

PMID- 6377425
TI  - [The 1835 address of Dr. Lorenzo Sazie].

PMID- 6377426
TI  - [Treatment of plaque psoriasis with an aromatic retinoid (etretinate)].

PMID- 6377427
TI  - [Multifactorial regulation of insulin secretion].

PMID- 6377428
TI  - [Fecal contamination levels and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains in
      corned beef].

PMID- 6377429
TI  - [Centenary of the death of Mendel].

PMID- 6377430
TI  - [The students attending the first medical course in 1833].

PMID- 6377431
TI  - [Homage to Dr. Teodoro Muhm (1869-1939)].

PMID- 6377433
TI  - [Augusto Orrego Luco].

PMID- 6377432
TI  - [Long-term effects of glipizide at the pancreatic and extra-pancreatic level in
      non-insulin dependent diabetics].

PMID- 6377434
TI  - [Drug-induced pneumopathies (excluding anticancer drugs)].

PMID- 6377435
TI  - [Atrioventricular block in internal medicine (rare pathologic situations].

PMID- 6377436
TI  - [The blood-brain barrier. I. Morphologic data].
AB  - The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is situated between the blood and brain
      extracellular space (ECS), at the endothelial cells of the cerebral capillaries
      joined by tight junctions. Its characteristics allow a great selectivity in the
      blood-brain exchange of solutes: nearly total exclusion of some of them,
      enhancement of exchange for others. The choroid plexuses, situated at the blood
      cerebrospinal fluid interface, play a similar role between blood and CSF. Neither
      interface can be studied separately.

PMID- 6377437
TI  - Methodologic issues in hospital epidemiology. III. Investigating the modifying
      effects of time and severity of underlying illness on estimates of cost of
      nosocomial infection.
AB  - Published estimates of extra cost and prolongation of hospital stay attributed to
      nosocomial infection obtained from epidemiologic comparisons are almost twice as
      large as judgements in studies based on subjective impressions. It is possible
      that this disparity may result from confounding by time and severity of
      underlying illness. Whether the effects of time and secondary disease diagnoses
      modified the results of an epidemiologic comparison of infected patients and
      comparison subjects matched on primary diagnosis and operation have been
      investigated. Whereas the average prolongation of hospital stay in a prevalence
      series of patients with nosocomial infection was 13.3 days, the average
      prolongation for the corresponding incidence series of infections from the same
      study population was only 7.3 days, or about one-half as long. No substantive
      changes resulted from adjusting for duration of exposure to hospital prior to
      infection. Five selected secondary diagnoses had the potential for substantial
      confounding effects on epidemiologic comparisons but had little overall effect on
      the estimates in this study. The large size of our estimates in both prevalence
      and incidence series is not the result of residual confounding by the effects of
      time or secondary disease diagnoses. Results from prevalence and incidence series
      must be clearly distinguished because the same events will be perceived
      differently in the two types of series.

PMID- 6377438
TI  - Current trends in immunodiagnosis of candidiasis and aspergillosis.
AB  - The methods and reagents currently used for the immunodiagnosis of aspergillosis
      and candidiasis are reviewed. Problems associated with these techniques and
      approaches to resolving these problems are discussed. Latex agglutination and
      precipitin tests are used for detection of antibody in immunocompetent hosts.
      However, these tests are apparently inadequate when applied to the diagnosis of
      systemic candidiasis in compromised hosts. Enzyme immunoassays ( EIAs ) and
      radioimmunoassays (RIAs) can be used to detect antibodies in immunocompetent and
      compromised patients, but their value is limited because antibodies to the
      Candida species are detectable in healthy as well as colonized and infected
      patients. EIAs and RIAs are, however, promising for detection of antigenemia in
      patients with aspergillosis or candidiasis, and gas-liquid chromatography has
      been developed for the quantitation of serum arabinitol and mannose in
      candidiasis. Antigens of the Aspergillus and Candida species may circulate in
      patients' sera in the form of immune complexes. These may readily be dissociated
      by a variety of methods to permit the detection of diagnostically important
      antigens. Studies are being carried out to increase the sensitivity and
      reliability of these tests through the use of monoclonal antibodies and purified,
      clinically relevant antigens.

PMID- 6377439
TI  - Cryptosporidiosis: clinical, epidemiologic, and parasitologic review.
AB  - Cryptosporidium, an intestinal protozoan parasite, is a well-known cause of
      diarrhea in animals but has been recognized only recently as a cause of human
      disease. Since 1976, 58 cases of cryptosporidiosis in humans have been reported;
      18 of the patients had normal immune function, and 40 had various immunologic
      abnormalities, the most common of which, acquired immune deficiency syndrome
      (AIDS), occurred in 33 patients. Patients with normal immune function had self
      limited diarrhea, but patients with immunologic abnormalities often developed
      severe, irreversible diarrhea; 22 patients have died. The diagnosis of
      cryptosporidiosis can now be made noninvasively, but increased diagnostic
      proficiency has led to little improvement in control or treatment of the disease.
      Although 23 compounds have been evaluated in experimentally infected animals and
      20 drugs have been used in human clinical trials, no effective chemotherapeutic
      agent for cryptosporidiosis has been identified to date.

PMID- 6377440
TI  - Staphylococcus saprophyticus as a common cause of urinary tract infections.
AB  - Until the last decade, coagulase-negative staphylococci occurring in urine
      specimens were usually regarded as a contaminant. In the early 1970s, i.e., more
      than ten years after the original demonstration of Staphylococcus saprophyticus
      in urine specimens, this species became recognized as a frequent cause of urinary
      tract infections (UTI). In young women, S. saprophyticus is, after Escherichia
      coli, the second-most-frequent causative agent of acute UTI. Patients with UTI
      caused by S. saprophyticus usually present with symptomatic cystitis. Signs and
      symptoms of renal involvement are also often registered. The urine sediment of a
      patient with UTI caused by S. saprophyticus has a characteristic appearance
      microscopically. Chemical screening methods for bacteriuria do not always succeed
      in diagnosing UTI caused by S. saprophyticus. Even when such an infection occurs
      above the neck of the bladder, low numbers of colony-forming units (less than
      10(5) cfu/ml) of S. saprophyticus are comparatively often found in the bladder
      and voided urine. S. saprophyticus is usually susceptible to antibiotics commonly
      prescribed for patients with UTI, with the exception of nalidixic acid. The
      bacterium has a capacity for selective adherence to human urothelium. It causes
      direct hemagglutination. The adhesin for S. saprophyticus is a lactosamine
      structure. This staphylococcal species produces an extracellular enzyme complex
      that can inhibit growth of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

PMID- 6377441
TI  - Mumps arthritis: a review of the literature.
AB  - Arthropathy is an unusual but significant complication of mumps viral infection.
      Predominantly affecting young adult males, large and small joint involvement
      occur before, after, or in the absence of parotitis. Fever, leukocytosis, and
      elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate accompany an occasionally protracted
      course. A high incidence of associated visceral manifestations occurs among
      patients with mumps arthritis. A review of the pathogenesis of these other
      complications suggests direct viral invasion as the most likely pathogenesis of
      mumps arthritis. The possibility of mumps virus arthritis should be considered in
      patients with acute-onset, obscure, or febrile seronegative arthritis.

PMID- 6377442
TI  - A review of human salmonellosis: II. Duration of excretion following infection
      with nontyphi Salmonella.
AB  - Convalescent excretion is a common sequel to salmonella infection, but in
      contrast to infections with Salmonella typhi, no clear picture of the natural
      history of nontyphi Salmonella excretion has emerged. The literature concerning
      frequency and site of chronic carriage, patterns of excretion, and relationship
      to bacteriologic methods used for enumeration of organisms was reviewed. An
      examination of 32 studies including 2,814 patients who were observed after
      salmonella infection showed that median duration of excretion was approximately
      five weeks. In univariant analyses, excretion was more prolonged in children less
      than five years of age, persons with symptomatic infections, persons infected
      with serotypes other than Salmonella typhimurium, and persons studied after first
      onset of symptoms. Persistent excretion beyond one year occurred in fewer than 1%
      of subjects. Despite the large number of convalescent excretors in the community
      at any one time, the paucity of outbreaks in which such food handlers or hospital
      personnel are implicated suggests that their role in transmission of salmonella
      infection is small. Because convalescent excretion is so common and persistent
      excretion and transmission so uncommon, follow-up fecal cultures after salmonella
      infections are rarely necessary.

PMID- 6377443
TI  - Selective primary health care: strategies for control of disease in the
      developing world. XII. Ascariasis and trichuriasis.
AB  - Ascariasis and trichuriasis are the most prevalent and widespread intestinal
      helminthiases. Transmission of disease occurs by ingestion or inhalation of
      Ascaris and Trichuris eggs embryonated in the soil. During the migration of
      Ascaris to the lungs, pneumonic symptoms may develop. The intestinal stage of the
      parasite can cause severe symptoms and complications when the worm burden is
      high. High numbers of Trichuris may cause diarrhea. The poor standard of hygiene,
      the biology of the parasite (which is such that a high number of very resistant
      eggs are produced), and the habits of the host (such as the use of night soil)
      are factors causing a high prevalence of infection in many countries in Asia,
      Africa, South America, and Europe. The mechanism of the transmission of Ascaris
      varies in different communities. The peak of infection is among children aged
      four to 14 years. Worm burden is normally low, and only a small segment of the
      population harbors a high proportion of the worms present in a community. Control
      of infections due to Ascaris and Trichuris is feasible by a combination of mass
      chemotherapy with the effective drugs now available, safe disposal of excreta,
      destruction of the eggs, and health education.

PMID- 6377444
TI  - John Keats: poet, patient, physician.
AB  - John Keats, son of an ostler , was born in London in 1795. Despite an early
      interest in literature he was, surprisingly, apprenticed to an apothecary and
      continued his medical training at Guy's Hospital, obtaining the Licentiate of the
      Society of Apothecaries in 1816. He never practiced medicine. His early poems
      were not well received, and for the young poet with very slender means, life was
      difficult. Tragedy was added to difficulty when tuberculosis, which had already
      caused the death of his mother and uncle, became apparent in his brother Tom,
      whom Keats nursed through his illness when the brothers were living together in
      Hampstead . Subsequently Keats developed the disease, but despite its rapid
      progress, he managed in a single year - 1819 - to produce some of the finest
      lyrical poetry in the language. He went to Italy in the hope of obtaining a cure
      but died in Rome in 1821, aged 25. Medicine certainly contributed to the man, but
      also something to the poet, Keats; his training and his family and personal
      experience of tuberculosis speak for themselves. More subtly , his medical
      experience influenced in some degree his ideas and even his choice of words. The
      interrelations of poet-patient and trainee-physician are examined in this essay.

PMID- 6377446
TI  - ELISA and RIA for serologic diagnosis of yersiniosis.

PMID- 6377445
TI  - Prospects for the eradication of infectious diseases.
AB  - The meaning of eradication, which is an irreversible conclusion, is considered
      primarily to distinguish it from elimination, which is reversible from outside
      the area. Poliomyelitis and measles are at present the diseases for which
      conditions most favor an attempt to produce eradication. Poliomyelitis has now
      reached a frequency in the developing world as high as it was in the prevaccine
      era of the United States. The use of oral vaccine is a deliberate attempt to
      substitute the wild-type polioviruses in the community with the vaccine-like
      viruses derived from the vaccine itself. Mass use of vaccine in all children less
      than five years of age on a single day twice in a year has produced a critical
      decrease in the incidence of the disease in Brazil. Following determined efforts
      to achieve immunization of at least 95% of the population, the United States is
      now nearing the state of complete freedom from the transmission of measles virus.
      The use of diploid cells for making vaccine has enabled the virus to be given as
      an aerosol to babies less than six months of age and would be of particular value
      in developing countries. The high transmissibility of measles makes a severe
      demand for vaccine, but so long as the uptake of vaccine reaches at least 90%,
      the successful elimination of measles is extremely probable.

PMID- 6377447
TI  - [Primary component analysis as a means of static and developmental study of
      cochleovestibular pathology. Apropos of 337 cases].

PMID- 6377448
TI  - [Incisional hernias: evaluation of the surgical treatment].

PMID- 6377449
TI  - [Skin homograft in the treatment of burns].

PMID- 6377450
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for antibodies to poly(A), poly dAT and
      histones: possibly useful tools for the evaluation of prognosis and disease
      activity in systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - In a prospective study 222 sera from 56 patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE) were tested for antibodies to poly(A), poly dAT and histones
      using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Patients with active disease had
      significantly more often antibodies to poly(A), poly dAT and histones than
      patients with inactive disease. There was a positive correlation between the
      activity score of the disease and the levels of poly(A)-antibodies of IgG and IgM
      class, poly dAT-antibodies and antibodies to histones. Patients with SLE
      nephritis had a higher level of poly dAT and IgG class poly(A) antibodies than
      patients without nephritis. Interestingly, patients with an SLE-nephritis had
      lower levels of IgM-poly(A)-antibodies than those without nephritis. Attempts to
      use the ELISAs in predicting the SLE exacerbations were unsuccessful. However,
      the assays can be used as parameters in the estimation of the disease activity.

PMID- 6377451
TI  - The tissue architecture of synovial membranes in inflammatory and non
      inflammatory joint diseases. II. The localization of mononuclear cells as
      detected by monoclonal antibodies directed against T-lymphocyte subsets and
      natural killer cells.
AB  - Tissue specimens of synovial membranes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis
      (RA) and non-inflammatory joint diseases were analyzed with a panel of monoclonal
      antibodies directed towards T-lymphocyte subsets and natural killer (NK) cells.
      In the RA group, mononuclear cell infiltrations in the synovium presented a
      distinguished pattern as compared to the non-RA group. Inflammatory synovial
      membranes displayed an increased level of cells recognized by the monoclonal
      antibodies OKT4 and OKT8, especially attributable to the broadened layer of
      synoviocytes and to the fibrous synovial tissue. No significant difference in the
      RA patients was observed with regard to the percentage of OKT4 and OKT8 positive
      cells in different investigated compartments of the synovium, e.g., diffuse
      inflamed synovial tissue, fibrous synovial tissue, and perivascular
      infiltrations. OKT4 and OKT8 positive staining was additionally observed on
      spindle-shaped cells present in the fibrous and diffuse inflamed synovium. OKT10
      binding cells were located in the deeper layers of synoviocytes, in the inflamed
      synovial tissue, and in one case in perivascular areas, whereas HNK 1 positive
      cells were scattered in the fibrous synovial and perivascular cells, as well as
      in lymphocyte clusters of synovium in RA patients.

PMID- 6377452
TI  - Prevalence of antinuclear antibodies in patients with habitual abortion and in
      normal and toxemic pregnancies.
AB  - The prevalence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) was investigated in the sera from
      patients with habitual abortion (HA) and in normal (NP) and toxemic pregnancies
      (TP). ANAs were more prevalent in patients with HA (30%) as compared with TP
      (15%) and the control group (6.6%). Only one patient, from the HA group,
      fulfilled four criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Most other
      patients with positive ANAs had some of the criteria for SLE, but none of the ANA
      negative patients had any of them. These studies suggest that there is a high
      prevalence of ANA in our group of women with HA and their identification may help
      to identify those patients who may eventually develop SLE which has been reported
      to be preceded in many women by repeated spontaneous abortions. In addition,
      immunological factors, at least in some cases, could play a role in the
      pathogenesis of HA.

PMID- 6377453
TI  - Bronchoplastic procedures for lung cancer.

PMID- 6377454
TI  - [Studies on immune response of human lung cancer by cell surface antigen].

PMID- 6377455
TI  - [Is valved conduit necessary for Fontan's operation?].

PMID- 6377456
TI  - [Cerebral hemorrhage. A new diagnostic technic: digital angiography].

PMID- 6377457
TI  - Weaning your COPD patient from the ventilator.

PMID- 6377458
TI  - [Development of the prognosis of infectious endocarditis].

PMID- 6377459
TI  - Benign gastric lymphomatosis (gastric pseudolymphoma).
AB  - The present paper reports on two cases of gastric lymphomatosis whose diagnosis
      could only be established by histologic examination of the operative specimen.
      Benign gastric lymphomatosis (BGL) is characterized by lymphoid infiltration of
      the gastric wall, predominant in the mucosa and sometimes in the submucosa,
      running a slow benign course. It must be differentiated from malignant gastric
      lymphomas and from inflammatory lymphoid reactions surrounding ulcers. BGL have
      not been treated medically to date. One of the patients initially underwent an
      eight months treatment with prednisone, then with prednisone and cytostatics,
      which resulted in clinical improvement but did not modify the pathohistologic
      picture. As BGL represents a precancerous state and cannot be controlled at
      present by any medical treatment, the surgical intervention is considered
      opportune.

PMID- 6377460
TI  - [Levels of anti-nDNA using immunofluorescence on Crithidia luciliae. II.
      Prognostic value of complement-fixing anti-nDNA. Longitudinal study of 16 lupus
      disorders].
AB  - Measurements of the hemolytic complement level and titrations of anti dS DNA
      antibodies by immunofluorescence using Crithidia luciliae and by the Farr binding
      assay were performed in 13 females and 3 males suffering from systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE). In each patient, 2 to 5 serum samples were analyzed during a
      mean follow up time of 16.6 months. The complement fixing ability of the anti dS
      DNA antibodies was also investigated. In this longitudinal study the titers of
      the dS DNA antibodies detected by immunofluorescence correlated with the Farr
      binding assay results. Mean anti dS DNA antibody titers were significantly higher
      and CH 50 levels were lower when SLE was active. Among sera with anti dS DNA
      antibodies, only sera with high titers (greater than or equal to 1/80), fixed
      complement. Study of individual cases disclosed that an increase in complement
      fixing anti dS DNA antibodies could occur in the absence of disease activity.
      Sera from patients with severe organ involvement, in particular with nephritis
      had low titers of anti dS DNA antibodies with no complement fixation activity.
      There was no relationship between falls in serum complement level and the
      complement fixation ability of anti dS DNA antibodies. Thus, complement fixation
      capacity of anti dS DNA antibodies correlates better with antibody titer than
      with SLE severity or activity.

PMID- 6377461
TI  - [Pitfalls of overlay prostheses].
AB  - Three types of pitfall are encountered with overlay prostheses : anatomic,
      functional and psychologic. Anatomic traps sometimes require strong measures
      based on preprosthetic surgery, while functional problems may be solved by
      artefacts of application. Psychologic pitfalls need patience and understanding in
      order to obtain patients' confidence and constructive collaboration when he lacks
      of experience in the wearing of removable dentures.

PMID- 6377463
TI  - Colorectal polyposis syndromes.

PMID- 6377462
TI  - [Chronic maxillofacial suppuration due to unknown plant foreign bodies. Apropos
      of 2 cases with CT scanning].
AB  - Common features in two patients with chronic suppurative lesions of the
      maxillofacial region from vegetable foreign bodies were : foreign body origin of
      the accident ; chronic nature of the suppuration (7 and 23 months respectively) ;
      multiple operations by different surgical teams ; radiotransparency of the
      foreign bodies. Positive signs on CT scanning can confirm the diagnosis, but
      cannot exclude it when normal images are obtained. The number and localization of
      wood fragments may limit the value of the scan, and fistulography and
      xeroradiography may then provide confirmation of the diagnosis. Operative
      treatment may be difficult due to fragmentation of the wood into multiple pieces,
      a possible source of recurrence of infection.

PMID- 6377464
TI  - Is 5-HT a mediator in the motor control of the feline pylorus?
AB  - Since serotonin (5-HT) is a potent spasmogen of pyloric smooth muscle in vivo,
      and since it is released on electrical stimulation of extrinsic nerves to the
      gut, the amine may mediate the excitatory motor responses elicited by vagal or
      splanchnic stimulation. In this study in cats intra-arterial administration of 5
      HT to the stomach evoked a dose-dependent pyloric contraction, which was
      efficiently antagonized by Ketanserin, a peripheral 5-HT2 receptor antagonist.
      Such treatment did not affect the vagally or splanchnically induced pyloric motor
      responses, whereas the blood pressure reaction on splanchnic stimulation was
      greatly reduced. Therefore, 5-HT does not seem to be essential for the extrinsic
      neural control of pyloric motility. On the other hand, by means of
      immunocytochemistry, using a 5-HT antiserum, varicose nerve fibres with
      tryptamine-like immunofluorescence were demonstrated not only in the myenteric
      plexus and circular muscle layer but also in vascular nerve terminals of the
      feline pylorus. The function of these tryptamine-containing nerves is still
      unclear.

PMID- 6377465
TI  - Specific beta-adrenergic mechanisms in the hypoglycaemic activation of gastrin
      and gastric acid secretion.
AB  - To study whether specific beta-adrenergic mechanisms contribute to the
      hypoglycaemic activation of gastrin and gastric acid secretion, the effects of
      racemic and dextroisomer propranolol (0.1 mg/kg, intravenously) were studied
      during insulin tests (0.2 IU/kg) in 13 persons. dl-Propranolol inhibited the
      gastrin response to hypoglycaemia markedly and more than the insignificant
      alteration observed after d-propranolol. Gastric acid response to hypoglycaemia
      was significantly reduced by dl-propranolol and not by d-propranolol. The
      findings demonstrate that non-beta-adrenergic effects of propranolol on the
      stomach are minor and that specific beta-adrenergic mechanisms are directly or
      indirectly involved in the hypoglycaemic stimulation of the stomach.

PMID- 6377467
TI  - Gastric function before and after gastric sympathectomy and subsequent truncal
      vagotomy.
AB  - A surgical technique for selective gastric sympathectomy (SGS) has been developed
      by total devascularization of the dog stomach with immediate revascularization
      via the divided and reanastomosed splenic artery and vein. Splenectomy is also
      performed to divert the entire splenic blood-flow to the stomach. Several months
      later biopsy of vessels from the gastric wall shows that all catecholamine
      staining is lost. Blood-flow studies using the aminopyrine clearance method show
      that a significant decrease in blood-flow occurs, particularly during maximal
      acid secretion. The effects of SGS on the gastric acid responses of 5 dogs were:
      (1) increased responsiveness to histamine with a left shift of the dose-response
      curve (D50 = 35 +/- 5 before, and 17 +/- 4 micrograms kg-1 hr-1 after; p less
      than 0.05); (2) increased response to insulin hypoglycemia (peak 15 min output =
      3.5 +/- 0.9 before, and 5.5 +/- 0.9 mMol after; p less than 0.05); but (3) a
      reduction of acid response to meal (peak 15 min output = 7.1 +/- 0.9 before, 3.7
      +/- 1 after; p less than 0.05). Propranolol, on the other hand, had no effect on
      the response to meal before SGS but enhanced it after SGS restoring the response
      to pre-SGS levels. Subsequent vagotomy abolished acid response to insulin but did
      not alter the post-SGS response to a meal. We conclude that the sympathetics
      exert a beta-adrenergic inhibitory influence on gastric acid response to insulin
      and histamine but not to food. Following SGS, the enhancing effect of propranolol
      probably implies supersensitivity of the stomach to circulating catecholamines.

PMID- 6377466
TI  - Relapse prevention of duodenal ulcers with trimipramine, cimetidine, or placebo.
      A double-blind comparison.
AB  - In a double-blind study 83 patients with duodenal ulcers, initially healed after
      treatment with either 1 g cimetidine daily or 50 mg trimipramine daily, were
      allocated by randomization to maintenance treatment with either 400 mg cimetidine
      daily, 25 mg trimipramine daily, or placebo for 6 months. Monthly clinical
      interviews were carried out and endoscopy performed whenever the symptoms
      suggested ulcer relapse. After 6 months the treatment was discontinued, and the
      patients were observed similarly for another 6-month period. After 6 months of
      maintenance treatment 88% in the cimetidine group versus 55% in the trimipramine
      group and 53% in the placebo group remained in symptomatic remission, yielding a
      significant difference between the cimetidine-treated patients and the two other
      groups (P less than 0.05). After a further 6 months of drug-free follow-up study,
      the percentages were 48% versus 29% and 29% in the cimetidine, trimipramine, and
      placebo groups, respectively (P less than 0.05). Thus maintenance treatment with
      trimipramine proved no better than placebo in preventing relapses of duodenal
      ulcers. Second, maintenance treatment with 400 mg cimetidine daily did prevent
      ulcer relapse, and, third, maintenance treatment with cimetidine for 6 months did
      not alter the long-term course of the duodenal ulcer disease.

PMID- 6377468
TI  - In vitro study of the influence of dopamine on rat and dog gastric fundus.
AB  - The effect of dopamine was studied in rat longitudinal fundus strips and in dog
      circular and longitudinal fundus strips. Contractions of similar amplitude were
      induced by transmural stimulation and by methacholine. In the rat, dopamine
      inhibits the electrically induced contractions partially by a post-junctional
      influence on the smooth muscle cells and partially by inhibiting the release of
      acetylcholine from the intramural cholinergic neurons. The latter effect is
      antagonized by phentolamine, while the former is antagonized by propranolol.
      Dopamine antagonists change the inhibitory effect of dopamine to a small degree
      but have a similar influence on the inhibitory effect of noradrenaline. The
      inhibitory effect of dopamine is largely indirect through the liberation of
      noradrenaline, since in the presence of cocaine or after reserpine-pretreatment
      the inhibition by dopamine is markedly reduced. In the presence of propranolol,
      cocaine and hydrocortisone, the inhibitory effect of dopamine is equally
      antagonized by the alpha 1-antagonist prazosin and the alpha 2-antagonist
      rauwolscine. In the dog, the inhibition of the electrically induced contractions
      by dopamine is mainly due to inhibition of the release of acetylcholine from the
      intramural cholinergic neurons. This effect is not influenced by the presence of
      cocaine and is completely antagonized by phentolamine and rauwolscine, while
      prazosin has no effect. From the dopamine antagonists tested, only metoclopramide
      had some antagonistic effect against dopamine but it antagonized to the same
      degree the inhibition by noradrenaline.

PMID- 6377469
TI  - Pathogenicity of anaerobic bacteria.
AB  - The pathogenicity of anaerobic bacteria has become better understood during the
      last decade. In addition to the relatively well characterized exotoxins of
      histotoxic clostridia, a number of factors involved in the production of disease
      have been described in Bacteroides and other anaerobic bacteria. Important
      factors are particularly superoxide dismutase, catalase, the abscess inducing
      capsular polysaccharide of Bacteroides fragilis, proteases, lipases, heparinase,
      and nucleases. Resistance against phagocytosis has been described in Gram
      negative species. Pathogenicity factors like hyaluronidase, haemolysin,
      lipolysins, and neuraaminidase have been isolated even in species such as the
      propionibacteria, which are considered to have a low pathogenicity. The ability
      of different strains to enhance the manifestations of infections when they occur
      together has pointed to a colloboration between their individual pathogenicity
      factors in the sense that they enhance the activity of each other. The ability of
      anaerobes to produce enzymes inactivating antibiotics has become well established
      and is an important factor in the maintenance of an infection during therapy.

PMID- 6377470
TI  - Evaluation of Minitec and API as rapid diagnostic methods for anaerobic bacteria.
AB  - The performance of the miniaturized biochemical differentiation systems API 20
      anaerobe System and Minitek was compared with pH reactions in PRAS media of 58
      anaerobic or capno-aerophilic bacterial strains from recent clinical specimens.
      The overall correlation of the Minitek reactions was 87% and of the API reactions
      85%. The reactions of acid formation from carbohydrates was slightly higher for
      Minitek. This resulted in a correct diagnosis in 90% after Minitek and 86% after
      API. If corrected for 3 strains of Clostridium perfringens for which double
      haemolysis would have prevented reporting of another diagnosis, 95% of the
      strains would have been correctly identified by Minitek compared to 91% with API.
      The errors were mostly due to lack of sensitivity of the reactions of the test
      kits.

PMID- 6377472
TI  - Assay of metronidazole by HPLC compared with microbial method.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the assay of
      metronidazole and its 2-hydroxymethyl metabolite in sera was compared with a
      microbiological method, an agar well diffusion technique with Clostridium
      perfringens as indicator strain. The HPLC technique involves separation of
      metronidazole from its two active major metabolites (the 2-hydroxymethyl and the
      1-carboxymethyl derivatives) on a mu-Bondapak C18 column and UV detection at 313
      nm. The mobile phase was 35% acetonitrile in 0.02 M acetate buffer pH 4 with a
      low rate 2.0 ml/min. Tinidazole was used as an internal standard and
      metronidazole and its 2-hydroxymethyl metabolite quantitated by peak height
      ratios. The 1-carboxymethyl derivative was well separated from the other peaks.
      The HPLC procedure proved to be superior with respect to sensitivity (detection
      limits: 0-1 microgram/ml serum for both compounds), speed and precision. It
      discriminates between metronidazole and its two major active metabolites and
      quantitates the total amounts present. The microbial technique codetermines all
      antibacterial active compounds and monitors the free, not protein bound moieties.
      Published data on the activity of the 2-hydroxymethyl metabolite against Cl.
      perfringens relative to metronidazole and published results on the protein
      binding of metronidazole were used to correlate data from the two methods on
      individual serum samples collected during the early, intermediate and late
      periods after a single intravenous dose of metronidazole to volunteers.

PMID- 6377471
TI  - Antimicrobial resistance and resistance transfer in anaerobic. A review.
AB  - A changing antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of anaerobic bacteria has been
      noted over the past decade. This paper reviews the mechanisms by which these
      organisms have become resistant to the selected antibiotics and reviews recent
      data demonstrating that anaerobic bacteria possess systems for transferring
      resistance determinants. Within Bacteroides there is widespread resistance to
      penicillins, cephalosporins and tetracycline compounds while there have been
      sporadic reports of resistance to clindamycin, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol and
      metronidazole. Transfer of resistance to penicillin, tetracycline and clindamycin
      has been demonstrated.

PMID- 6377473
TI  - Factors that might influence the outcome of studies on the aetiology and
      epidemiology of acute pelvic inflammatory disease.
AB  - An overview is presented of the various factors that might influence the outcome
      of aetiological and epidemiological studies of pelvic infections in women. Some
      diversities of opinion in these respects might be explained by i.a. inprecise
      definitions, lack of simple and specific diagnostic methods, differences in
      patient selection and laboratory techniques.

PMID- 6377474
TI  - The role of anaerobic bacteria in some extra-abdominal infections including
      person-to-person contamination.
AB  - With the possible exception of campylobacter enteritis, anaerobic infections are
      not transmitted from person to person, and do not present problems of hospital
      cross-infection. There are a number of situations, however, in which non
      clostridial anaerobic infections may develop as result of person to person
      contamination of a compromised "recipient" with normal anaerobic bacterial flora
      from a healthy "donor". Some of these are briefly discussed.

PMID- 6377475
TI  - Generation of endogenous prostaglandins and thromboxanes in taurocholate-induced
      gastric mucosal lesions.
AB  - This study demonstrates that the suppression of thromboxane biosynthesis by OKY
      1581, a selective inhibitor of thromboxane biosynthesis, prevents dose
      dependently taurocholate-induced gastric mucosal necrosis and enhances the
      cytoprotective effect of low dose of taurocholate against mucosal necrosis by
      large dose of this agent. In all animals treated with OKY-1581, a decrease in
      mucosal generation of thromboxane was accompanied by an increased production of
      PGs probably due to availability of greater amounts of a common substrate in a
      cyclooxygenase pathway. This study provides direct evidence that gastric mucosa
      generates thromboxanes which may be involved in the pathogenesis of taurocholate
      induced gastric mucosal lesions.

PMID- 6377476
TI  - Clinical application of scanning electron microscopy in human reproduction.
AB  - The state of the art of scanning electron microscopy in the field of human
      reproduction and the clinical significance of SEM techniques is described on the
      basis of 272 articles in which the SEM was a substantial instrument for research.
      The first section deals with reproductive cell biology, the various cell types
      and function in relation to cell surface microstructure. The second section
      outlines briefly various types of cell and tissue preparation, and advantages and
      pitfalls. The following sections describe the female reproductive system
      (including vulva, vaginal and ectocervical squamous epithelium, metaplastic
      epithelium of the transformation zone, endocervix and cervical mucus,
      endometrium, IUDs, tube, ovary, and mammary gland), the male reproductive system
      (male sex organs, spermatozoa) and the conceptus (placenta, embryogenesis). It is
      indicated where SEM has revealed deeper insights in the structure and function of
      reproductive cells and tissues and where SEM has a potential for clinical
      application. The following areas seem promising: the placenta (description of
      various classes of pathological conditions), the oviduct (description of two
      types of hydrosalpinges with different prognostic significance), cervical and
      ascites cytology (SEM's capacity for (early) discrimination of malignant cells)
      and spermatozoa (prognostic significance of classification with the use of X-ray
      micro-analysis). In many instances the same results can be obtained by routine LM
      and TEM. Because SEM does have potentially large diagnostic and prognostic powers
      further research is essential in order to establish the future role of SEM in the
      field of human reproduction.

PMID- 6377477
TI  - Surface defects on thin cryosections.
AB  - The electron microscopic observation of thin cryosections is frequently impaired
      by the occurrence of surface defects. To investigate the possible causes of these
      surface defects the structure of cryosections ( CTEM ) from frozen biological
      material was correlated with the structure of the block-face (SEM) from which the
      sections were obtained. Both sections and block-face showed steps with a
      periodicity larger than 0.5 micron. Upon dry sectioning of hard plastic
      comparable features were observed in the section ( CTEM /SEM) and block-face
      (SEM). Thin cryosections cut below 143 K were found to be smooth apart from
      defects introduced by imperfections of the knife. In addition to "long" wave
      length distortions, a periodical distortion smaller than 120 nm can be observed
      in cryosections from biological material. At a given temperature the frequency is
      related to the sectioning speed. At all sectioning temperatures studied,
      distortions of this high frequency/short wave length type have been observed
      although they were less conspicuous in thinner sections. The surface defects
      observed in cryosections from biological material resemble the defects found
      after metal cutting and chip-formation. Shear forces seem to be the main causes
      for the observed periodic deformations on both cryosections as well as on
      sections from metals and plastics. This may imply that material is collected and
      periodically shedded from a dead zone around the knife edge. In metal cutting
      such a dead zone can have the form of a built-up-edge on top of the knife or as a
      small overhang in front of the knife edge.

PMID- 6377478
TI  - Anti-Mycobacterium leprae antibodies in urine from lepromatous patients examined
      by crossed immunoelectrophoresis and radioimmunoassay.
AB  - Precipitating anti-Mycobacterium leprae antibodies were found in concentrated
      urine samples from 21 out of 42 lepromatous patients. These antibodies were
      directed against M. leprae antigens 5, 6, and 7. In a radioimmunoassay for anti
      M. leprae antibodies, 90% of these patients had higher antibody levels in their
      urine than control persons. There was a positive correlation between anti-M.
      leprae antibody levels in serum and urine. The advantages of using atraumatically
      collected samples like urine in epidemiological work are pointed out. The present
      report shows that urine can be used to measure the antibody response to a
      specified microorganism causing infection outside the urinary tract. The possible
      presence of antibodies in urine should alert researchers who look for antigens in
      urine to choose assays that minimize interference by such antibodies.

PMID- 6377479
TI  - Isolation of pathogenic bacteria from the nasopharynx of children with
      respiratory syncytial virus infection. Predictive value of chest roentgen
      examination and laboratory tests.
AB  - Potentially pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the nasopharynx in 33/66
      hospitalized infants and children with verified respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
      infection. The value of chest roentgenograms and blood counts for the prediction
      of concomitant bacterial infection was evaluated. Abnormal chest roentgenograms
      were found in 89% whether pathogenic bacteria were present or not. The most
      common finding was general hyperinflation of the lungs, with or without
      infiltrates. This occurred more frequently in the group with isolated RSV
      infection. Fever, leucocytosis and an elevated ESR were found during the illness
      in more than half the cases. These findings were more frequent in children who
      harboured potential pathogenic bacteria, though the difference was not
      significant. For optimal evaluation of a case all available information about it
      should be taken into consideration.

PMID- 6377480
TI  - Two major burn cases.
AB  - Case histories of two patients admitted to the Burns Unit in 1976 and 1982, with
      very extensive and very deep burns, are described. The philosophy behind the
      usual treatment plan of the Unit and the unorthodox ideas that had to be devised
      in order to treat the 2 patients are described.

PMID- 6377481
TI  - Silver sulfadiazine: an antibacterial agent for topical use in burns. A review of
      the literature.
AB  - Topical antibacterial treatment is of major importance in the burn patient.
      Silver sulfadiazine is an effective agent with low toxicity and few side effects.
      Deposition of silver in tissues, and absorption of sulfadiazine are both minimal.
      Present and future problems are represented by the emergence of resistant Gram
      negative bacilli, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The development of related
      metal sulfadiazines to be used against resistant bacteria is on an
      investigational stage, and clinical trials are few. Silver sulfadiazine may be
      used in a variety of other conditions than burns.

PMID- 6377483
TI  - The Opera fire in Copenhagen.

PMID- 6377482
TI  - In search of an ideal skin substitute.
AB  - A review of skin substitutes currently in use is presented. These include
      allografts, xenografts, embryonic membranes, tissue derivatives and synthetic
      skin substitutes. Clinical results from Langerhans cell depressed cadaver
      allografts on burned patients and crural ulcers are presented.

PMID- 6377485
TI  - A depression technique of the epidermal Langerhans cell in cadaver split skin.
AB  - The epidermal Langerhans cell plays a crucial role in the rejection of allograft
      split skin. Ultraviolet B radiation and glucocortico -steroid incubation of
      viable cadaver allograft split skin depress the Langerhans cell. Results of a
      depressing technique are reported.

PMID- 6377484
TI  - Skin viability studies in vitro.
AB  - During the last one hundred years numerous methods for skin viability studies
      have been published. They range from a clinical evaluation by successful grafting
      through histological techniques to in vitro studies of cell cultures. The aim is
      to find methods to predict viability of skin during bank procedures. Previous
      reviews are mentioned and examples of viability studies are given concluding that
      glucose uptake and respiration studies are the current methods of choice for skin
      procurement viability studies.

PMID- 6377486
TI  - The history of burns treatment in Denmark.

PMID- 6377487
TI  - Acute excision or exposure treatment? Final results of a three-year randomized
      controlled clinical trial.
AB  - Which treatment, acute excision or exposure, is the method of choice in the
      treatment of patients with small, medium-sized or large burns, and superficial or
      deep burns respectively? In an attempt to give an answer to this question a
      Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trial was carried out by the Burns Unit in
      Copenhagen. The RCCT consisted of all patients (570) admitted primarily for burn
      injuries over the 3-year period 1976-79. Patients who would be too difficult to
      compare were sorted out (unsuited for trial--421 patients). The remaining
      patients were stratified into two groups: group A = patients treated with
      excision of all burned areas (superficial dermal plus deep dermal plus subdermal
      burns) and grafted as quickly as possible after the accident, and consequently in
      the shock-phase (73 patients), and group E = patients treated with exposure until
      day 14 post-burn, at which time all non-spontaneously healed areas were excised
      and grafted (76 patients). The stratification was successful, and it was revealed
      that the two groups were comparable with regard to the extent and depth of the
      burn and the age of the patients. The following parameters were used: the crude
      mortality rate and the time and causes of death. The morbidity estimated by the
      kind and number of complications; especially the number of infected patients and
      the severity of the infections. The resource expenditure expressed in number of
      bed-days, duration of operations and amount of blood transfusions. Late results
      are described elsewhere.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6377488
TI  - Acute excision or exposure treatment? Secondary reconstructions and functional
      results.
AB  - To evaluate late-result of burn treatment 102 patients (52 treated with acute
      excision and grafting and 50 with exposure treatment and grafting on the 14th
      day) were examined 3 years after the burn injury. The series included patients
      with small, medium-sized and large burns, 56 of whom had used pressure bandages
      for about one year. During the first 3 years post-burn, 17 patients with
      contractures required release operations amounting to a total of 60
      reconstructive procedures. At the follow-up 86 contractures, most of them of
      hands, could be demonstrated in 25 patients, but only 5 needed further
      reconstructions. No difference in late-result could be demonstrated between the
      two groups of patients treated by acute excision and by exposure.

PMID- 6377489
TI  - Ankylosing spondylitis and allied disorders (spondyloarthropathies).

PMID- 6377490
TI  - Immunological research and the rheumatic patient: status and perspectives in some
      major areas.

PMID- 6377491
TI  - Clinical comparison of orgotein and methylprednisolone acetate in the treatment
      of osteoarthrosis of the knee joint.
AB  - Thirty-six patients with osteo-arthrosis affecting the knee took part in a
      randomized double-blind study in which intra-articular injections of an anti
      inflammatory agent, orgotein (superoxide-dismutase) 8 or 16 mg, was compared with
      intra-articular methylprednisolone acetate 40 mg. It was found that orgotein can
      be used safely and effectively and without serious adverse reactions. All
      patients experienced beneficial effects, mainly regarding the pain during the
      treatment period of 6 weeks with one injection every second week. At the 6-month
      follow-up, patients treated with 8 mg orgotein or 40 mg methylprednisolone
      acetate had deteriorated, whereas all the patients treated with 16 mg orgotein
      maintained the improvement achieved during the treatment. The results, according
      to the patients' assessment of pain and to the patients' assessment of the
      overall result, were shown to be statistically significantly better with 16 mg
      orgotein than with 40 mg methylprednisolone acetate.

PMID- 6377492
TI  - Controlled release indomethacin (Indotard). Clinical trial in patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - In a double-blind, crossover multicentre trial the effect on morning stiffness
      and occurrence of side effects of a controlled-release indomethacin preparation,
      Indotard, was compared with a conventional preparation, Indocid. 30 Patients
      between 38 and 74 years of age--six from each centre--underwent the
      investigation: A 4-day escalating period and 2 X 7 days' treatment. In the
      average figures, no difference in effect or side effects could be seen between
      Indotard 50 mg given twice and Indocid 25 mg given four times daily. There was,
      however, a marked preference among the younger (less than 62 years) for the
      controlled-release formulation and a preference among the older for the
      conventional preparation.

PMID- 6377493
TI  - [Clinical and microbiological periodontal aspects in orthodontic treatments].

PMID- 6377494
TI  - Plus ca change at Harvard public health?

PMID- 6377495
TI  - Sedimentation field flow fractionation of DNA's.
AB  - Sedimentation field flow fractionation (SFFF) is a method for purifying and
      providing mass or size distribution information on samples containing
      particulates or soluble macromolecules. Since SFFF separations are based on
      simple physical phenomena related to first principles, molecular weight (or
      particle sizes) can be determined without calibration standards. SFFF is a gentle
      technique suited for fractionating biomolecules. Studies with the fragile lambda
      DNA (molecular weight, 33 X 10(6] and smaller supercoiled plasmids have shown
      that these materials are not altered during SFFF separation; molecular weights
      and conformation remain unchanged, and biological activity is not reduced.
      Recoveries of nucleic acids approach 100 percent. Typically, components with
      about 20 percent difference in mass can be separated essentially to baseline if
      required. Fractionation time is usually independent of molecular weight, and
      separations often can be carried out within an hour.

PMID- 6377496
TI  - Infection-specific particle from the unconventional slow virus diseases.
AB  - Scrapie-associated fibrils, first observed in brains of scrapie-infected mice,
      were also observed in scrapie-infected hamsters and monkeys, in humans with
      Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and in kuru-infected monkeys. These fibrils were not
      found in a comprehensive series of control brains from humans and animals
      affected with central nervous system disorders resulting in histopathologies,
      ultrastructural features, or disease symptoms similar to those of scrapie, kuru,
      and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. These fibrils are also found in preclinical
      scrapie and in the spleens of scrapie-infected mice; they are a specific marker
      for the "unconventional" slow virus diseases, and may be the etiological agent.

PMID- 6377497
TI  - A model study of fecapentaenes: mutagens of bacterial origin with alkylating
      properties.
AB  - Fecapentaene-14 and -12 are directly acting mutagens that do not require
      metabolic activation. Their unusual structure suggests a possible mechanism of
      action. A carbocation that is formed by the addition of an electrophilic species
      (such as a proton) to the enol ether is most probably the reactive species. A
      series of model enol ethers with conjugated systems of various lengths was
      prepared, and a correlation between mutagenicity and increasing reactivity of
      derived carbocations was found. The glycerol moiety does not play a crucial role
      in the overall reactivity of the fecapentaenes.

PMID- 6377498
TI  - Expression of a retrovirus encoding human HPRT in mice.
AB  - Transmissible retroviruses encoding human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase
      (HPRT) were used to infect mouse bone marrow cells in vitro, and the infected
      cells were transplanted into mice. Both active human HPRT-protein and chronic
      HPRT-virus production were detected in hematopoietic tissue of the mice, showing
      transfer of the gene. These results indicate the possible use of retroviruses for
      somatic cell therapy.

PMID- 6377499
TI  - Clinical studies of protein C.
AB  - The major clinical importance of plasma protein C is attested to by the strong
      association between inherited protein C deficiencies of half normal levels and
      recurrent venous thromboembolic disease. Homozygous protein C deficient
      individuals do not survive beyond infancy without continuous therapeutic
      intervention. The spectrum of protein C deficiency is becoming broader and
      includes patients with both abnormal molecules and half normal levels of
      functionally active molecules. Rarely, a few young adults with thrombosis have
      been identified with protein C levels below 25%. Studies of protein C activity
      have been hampered until the very recent developments of functional assays of
      plasma protein C. Application of these assays to a wide variety of clinical
      situations involving thrombotic complications is just beginning and may lead to
      an explosive proliferation of new data that should prove most fascinating and
      give much further insight into the contributions of protein C in the regulation
      of thrombosis.

PMID- 6377500
TI  - The early complications of bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 6377501
TI  - Conditioning regimens for marrow grafting.

PMID- 6377502
TI  - Prevention and treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease.

PMID- 6377503
TI  - Oxygenation in the fetus and neonate--a perspective.

PMID- 6377504
TI  - Regulation of perinatal intestinal oxygenation.

PMID- 6377505
TI  - Fetal and neonatal hepatic perfusion and oxygenation.

PMID- 6377506
TI  - Structural interests and Australian health policy.
AB  - Health policy has been a matter of public discussion in Australia since the late
      1960s. Mirroring the United States experience, much of the debate initially
      centred around the introduction of a universal national health insurance scheme
      but since the mid 1970s economic conditions have changed and contemporary
      decisions are often accompanied by rhetoric about the need to constrain costs
      which are portrayed as increasing out of control. These changes have been
      associated with changes in the relative influence of the dominant and challenging
      structural interests within the health sector. This article analyses the
      influence of those interests in Australian health policy since the mid 1960s.

PMID- 6377507
TI  - Medical politics: decline in the hegemony of the Australian Medical Association?
AB  - The last 15 years have seen the emergence of medical associations challenging the
      long-standing hegemony of the Australian Medical Association (A.M.A.) in medical
      politics. The article focuses on the two major groups. The General Practitioners'
      Society in Australia and the Doctors Reform Society. Each represents the right
      and the left of an ideological spectrum within medical politics. Each has
      institutionalised longer term division within the profession which were contained
      within the A.M.A. so long as the basic principles and structure of Australia's
      voluntaristic health insurance schemes remained intact. Taken together, they
      represent a wider critique of the entrenched status and political power of the
      A.M.A. The article examines briefly the ideology, strategy and impact of each
      group. It concludes that their major significance lies, not in their
      effectiveness as pressure groups, but as they have affected the public image of
      the A.M.A. and of the profession as a whole. The future of each depends on
      secular changes affecting medicine and the profession, on the oversupply of
      doctors on economic stringencies, and importantly, on the reaction of the A.M.A.
      to critiques of its representative function.

PMID- 6377508
TI  - Postmenopausal osteoporosis: the role of estrogens.
AB  - In 1980, the combined incidences of vertebral and hip fractures necessitating
      hospitalization of women living in Knox County, Tennessee nearly doubled each
      five years after the age of 50. These data led us to review the pathogenesis,
      diagnostic methods, and therapeutic measures used to control or minimize the
      occurrence of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Postmenopausal diminution in estrogen
      metabolism appears to be the most important cause of osteoporosis. Other
      contributory factors include an early menopause, low body weight, lack of
      sufficient exercise, poor nutrition, and excessive use of alcohol, coffee, and
      tobacco. Absorptiometric studies, which have minimal radiation risk, are one of
      the more reliable methods to identify women with osteoporosis, whereas ordinary
      roentgenographic methods are relatively inaccurate for this purpose.
      Therapeutically, we recommend cyclic estrogen combined with a progestogen, the
      latter drug given for ten days each month to minimize the chance of endometrial
      or mammary carcinoma, particularly if estrogen is to be given for five years or
      more. In addition, particular attention should be given to good nutrition,
      including 1 to 2 gm of calcium salts taken each evening, and adequate exercise.
      Intake of coffee and alcoholic beverages and use of cigarettes should be
      discontinued or minimized.

PMID- 6377509
TI  - History of drinking in America.

PMID- 6377510
TI  - Angina: from Heberden to Prinzmetal.

PMID- 6377511
TI  - Campylobacter fetus ssp fetus cholecystitis and relapsing bacteremia in a patient
      with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - Acute gangrenous cholecystitis and relapsing bacteremia caused by Campylobacter
      fetus ssp fetus occurred in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
      Biliary tract colonization probably accounted in part for this unusual
      phenomenon. Whether the patient's deficiency of cell-mediated immunity
      contributed to his disease is not known.

PMID- 6377512
TI  - HLA antigens and malaria at San Lazaro Hospital Manila, Philippines.
AB  - Human leucocyte antigens (HLA) were used as genetic markers in an attempt to
      determine possible host genetic susceptibility or resistance to malarial
      infections. HLA-A and B typing on lymphocytes from 68 confirmed P. falciparum and
      77 P. vivax cases was compared with that found in 66 control subjects with no
      known history of malaria. A significant deviation was observed in the
      distribution of HLA-B27. This phenotype was absent in the P. falciparum group
      although found present in the P. vivax group (10%) and the control group (11%).
      Also, the combination of A9(w24) and B5 was significantly higher among the P.
      falciparum group than that found in the P. vivax and control groups. These
      findings require confirmation but do suggest the possibility of genetic
      susceptibility and that extensive genetic studies might be worth investigating.

PMID- 6377513
TI  - Antimicrobial resistance and conjugative R plasmids in Escherichia coli strains
      isolated from animals in Peninsular Malaysia.
AB  - Fifteen independent E. coli strains of avian, bovine and porcine origin in
      Peninsular Malaysia were tested for antibiotic resistance and conjugative R
      plasmids. Eight (53%) isolates were found to be antibiotic resistant. Among them,
      37.5% were mono-resistant and 62.5% were resistant to three or more antibiotics,
      i.e., multi-resistant. All of them were resistant to Tc and sensitive to Gm and
      Nx. Three of the eight antibiotic resistant strains were able to transfer all or
      part of their resistance to an E. coli K12 recipient by conjugation. The transfer
      frequencies of Km, Sm and Tc resistance of the three donors varied between 4.5 X
      10(-8) to 6.8 X 10(-7). Analysis of the plasmid profiles of all the three donors
      and their respective transconjugants after agarose gel electrophoresis provided
      conclusive evidence that the transferable resistance traits were plasmid
      mediated.

PMID- 6377514
TI  - Albendazole in the treatment of opisthorchiasis and concomitant intestinal
      helminthic infections.
AB  - A total of 52 adult patients with opisthorchiasis with or without concomitant
      intestinal helminthic infections were treated with albendazole at dosage regimens
      of 400 mg twice daily for 3 days (group I with 25 patients) and 7 days (group II
      27 patients). By concentration method with four examinations from two faecal
      specimens of each patient the cure rates and percentage egg reduction on day 30
      in group I and group II were 12% and 33%, 94 and 95 respectively; by Stoll method
      the cure rates and percentage egg reduction were 40% and 63%, 92 and 92 in group
      I and group II, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences
      between the results of the two regimens. Twenty six patients with hookworm and 9
      patients with S. stercolaris infections were cured. Opisthorchis viverrini, N.
      americanus, A. duodenale, A. ceylanicum, E. malayanum, E. ilocanum, S.
      stercolaris, E. vermicularis, and T. saginata segments were expelled in stools,
      mostly on days 1 to 4. Most of the patients felt relieved from symptoms of pain
      in the right hypochondrium and epigastrium. The side effects were mild and
      transient. There were no evidence of toxic effects on the bone marrow, heart,
      liver or kidneys. Albendazole was shown to be effective against Opisthorchis
      viverrini infection as well as other concomitant intestinal helminthic
      infections; but the optimal dosage and duration of treatment have not yet been
      achieved.

PMID- 6377515
TI  - Cross resistance of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine to their related compounds in
      Plasmodium falciparum.
AB  - Cross resistance of pyrimethamine and amethopterin, sulfadoxine and the other
      sulfonamides in Plasmodium falciparum culture lines was studied. Our results
      indicate some evidence of a cross resistance between pyrimethamine to
      amethopterin a drug sharing the same mode of action but never been used as an
      antimalarial before. Studies on sulfonamides revealed that the minimal inhibitory
      concentration for sulfadoxine was lower than for sulfadiazine and sulfisoxasole,
      and that a cross resistance between sulfadoxine and the other sulfonamides may
      not occur.

PMID- 6377516
TI  - Prevalence of Toxoplasma antibodies in Chiang Mai population.
AB  - Five hundred sera from blood donors were examined for antibodies to Toxoplasma by
      the indirect hemagglutination antibody (IHA) and the indirect fluorescent
      antibody (IFA) techniques. In addition, the IHA test was used to detect
      Toxoplasma antibodies in 500 pregnant women's sera. It was found that 4.6% of the
      blood donors were positive by the IHA and only 1.2% by the IFA methods. The
      seroprevalence, however, was less in pregnant women as only 2.8% were positive.
      Interestingly, 7.5% of the blood donors and 15.2% of pregnant women showed no
      detectable antibodies. The frequency distribution curves of IHA titers were
      unimodal in both groups studied. From the basis of these findings, it was
      concluded that there was a low degree of Toxoplasma transmission in Chiang Mai.

PMID- 6377517
TI  - [Side effects of cardiac glycosides in patients with circulatory failure].

PMID- 6377518
TI  - [Recurrent thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery branches].

PMID- 6377520
TI  - [Lupus mice--the role of its genetic factors].

PMID- 6377519
TI  - [Oral rehydration in children with diarrhea].

PMID- 6377522
TI  - [Comment on the 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus
      erythematosus].

PMID- 6377521
TI  - Collagen-induced arthritis in rodents. A review of clinical, histological and
      immunological features.

PMID- 6377523
TI  - [Effect of indoprofen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 6377524
TI  - Malaria 1984. Part I. Malaria prophylaxis.
AB  - Guidelines are presented to assist the prescriber in arriving at a logical and up
      to-date approach to the chemoprophylaxis of malaria, particularly for residents
      of and visitors to Africa. Areas of controversy are highlighted, with a critical
      but simplified practical approach being taken to a complex subject. The
      importance of a history of recent travel in a patient presenting with an
      unexplained fever is stressed. A series of tables listing geographical areas
      where chloroquine- and other drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum is found is
      provided as an aid to the logical selection of prophylactic agents for the
      traveller. For convenience, tables of dosages for all ages are given. Similarly,
      an algorithm is provided to facilitate decision-making in drug usage. The
      controversial topic of malaria prophylaxis in pregnancy is discussed in the light
      of published information. Although the prophylaxis of possible drug-resistant
      malaria has been alluded to in Part I, in Part II of this series the treatment
      and theoretical aspects of resistant malaria will be covered with a view to
      providing guidelines for those faced with this ever-increasing problem.

PMID- 6377525
TI  - Pruritus--a side-effect of epidural fentanyl for postoperative analgesia.
AB  - The side-effect of pruritus was studied in 31 patients receiving epidural
      fentanyl 100 micrograms in 8 ml normal saline for postoperative analgesia. A
      control group of 30 patients received pethidine 1,5 mg/kg 4-6-hourly as required.
      Thirteen per cent of the patients who received epidural fentanyl experienced
      pruritus. However, this incidence was not considered unacceptable and the
      pruritus was mild and of short duration.

PMID- 6377526
TI  - Formaldehyde toxicity. Part II. Review of acute and chronic effects on health.
AB  - Inhaled formaldehyde has acute effects on the respiratory tract, central nervous
      system, skin and eyes and also chronic effects on the respiratory tract,
      particularly on pulmonary function. Formaldehyde has also been associated with
      adverse reproductive and mutagenic effects, and there is evidence of carcinogenic
      effects from two important animal studies. Some data, largely indirect, suggest a
      carcinogenic risk for man. The reactions of some international scientific bodies
      to the accumulated data are noted, and steps taken by a number of countries to
      control formaldehyde exposure in the workplace and other environments are
      discussed.

PMID- 6377527
TI  - Unusual displacement of an intra-uterine contraceptive device. A case report.
AB  - Since its introduction in 1959 the plastic intra-uterine contraceptive device
      (IUCD) has been accepted as a safe and convenient means of preventing conception.
      Nevertheless, use of the IUCD has been attended by complications, notably
      perforation of the uterus by the device. An unusual case of translocation of an
      IUCD--the device was located within the lumen of the appendix--is presented.

PMID- 6377528
TI  - Tay-Sachs disease and the persistence of lethal autosomal recessive genes in
      human populations.
AB  - Several lethal autosomal recessive genes have stable carrier frequencies of about
      1:20-30 in certain communities, while being exceedingly rare in other,
      biologically equally successful communities sharing the same environment. It is
      shown that this situation could persist indefinitely, without invoking the
      concepts of heterozygote advantage or epistasis, if the parents of affected
      offspring replace such children with additional sibs. We believe that this could
      be an important biological mechanism which ensures the maintenance of genetic
      diversity in the face of natural selection.

PMID- 6377530
TI  - [Miscellaneous records of medico-dental and pharmacological history. 38.
      Advertisement of dental medicine in the Edo Shopping Guide, 1824].

PMID- 6377529
TI  - [Bellfirm P for de-amalgam. (1)--Clinical application of Bellfirm P for posterior
      restorations].

PMID- 6377531
TI  - [Partial denture construction and plaque control].

PMID- 6377532
TI  - [Miscellaneous records of medico-dental and pharmacological history. 43.
      Advertisement of dental medicine in Tokyo Shopping Guide, 1890].

PMID- 6377533
TI  - [Osseointegrated implants designed by Prof. P.-I. Branemark].

PMID- 6377534
TI  - Actuarial status of the HI and SMI Trust Funds.
AB  - This article is adapted from a summary of the 1984 annual reports of the Medicare
      Board of Trustees. It presents the actuarial status of the Hospital Insurance
      (HI) and the Supplementary Medical Insurance (SMI) Trust Funds. Although the
      Social Security Amendments of 1983 have made the HI program potentially less
      vulnerable to excessive rates of growth in the hospital industry by providing the
      Secretary of Health and Human Services some discretion over the level of payments
      to hospitals, the Board found the financing schedule for the HI program barely
      adequate to ensure the payment of benefits through the end of this decade if the
      assumptions underlying the estimates are realized. The Board found the SMI
      program to be financially sound, but it noted with concern the rapid growth in
      the cost of the program and the extent to which general revenues have become
      SMI's major source of financing. For both HI and SMI, the Board recommends that
      Congress consider ways to curtail the rapid growth in program costs.

PMID- 6377535
TI  - The cultural basis of health, illness and disease.
AB  - The cultural basis of health, illness and disease is reviewed in terms of its
      applicability to social work practice. Theories and perspectives from cultural
      and medical anthropology are applied to health care contexts and related to
      patient-practitioner interaction. The culture of medical bureaucracies as well as
      particular ethnic groups is explored through examples and brief case studies.

PMID- 6377536
TI  - Privacy versus accountability: a health care dilemma.
AB  - Social work practitioners are obligated both to document their services to
      clients and to protect information about their clients from unwarranted access
      and use. In the current environment of social work practice in the health care
      field, these obligations often conflict. This article describes and offers
      solutions to the dilemma of privacy versus accountability. If social workers
      maximize the protection offered by the four principles of privacy:
      confidentiality, anonymity, client access, and abridgment , they can safeguard
      personal information while still meeting accountability standards.

PMID- 6377537
TI  - Testing the value of written information for patients and families in discharge
      planning.

PMID- 6377538
TI  - Hepatitis B as an occupational disease of surgeons.
AB  - Hepatitis B is an occupational hazard of great magnitude to the practicing
      surgeon or surgeon-in-training. Knowledge of the basic serologic and clinical
      events which occur in the various forms of hepatitis B is important for effective
      care of patients and for understanding the personal risk involved in surgical
      practice. Evidence of prior infection from hepatitis B is present in more than 25
      per cent of surgeons who are actively practicing. Although the risk of acquiring
      hepatitis as a surgeon is high (about 5 per cent per year), the majority of
      instances are asymptomatic. The risk to patients who are cared for by a
      chronically antigenemic surgeon would appear to be extremely low, and, thus, the
      chronic presence of surface antigen is not an indication for cessation of
      operating or patient care. The newly released vaccine against hepatitis is
      efficacious and safe, and immunization of surgeons who are seronegative is
      strongly recommended. Rapid progress is being made in the understanding of the
      transmission, treatment and prevention of type B viral hepatitis. The practicing
      surgeon is urged to stay informed of new developments regarding this occupational
      disease.

PMID- 6377539
TI  - Suppression of autoimmune diseases with anti-idiotypic antibodies: murine lupus
      nephritis as a model.

PMID- 6377540
TI  - Immunosuppressant therapy of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

PMID- 6377543
TI  - Jules Hardy M.D.

PMID- 6377541
TI  - Preparation for bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 6377542
TI  - Immunosuppressive therapy in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

PMID- 6377545
TI  - Experimental splenic preservation employing microwave surgical techniques: a
      preliminary report.

PMID- 6377544
TI  - Castroviejo's square corneal grafts.
AB  - The evolutionary history of the modern day keratoplasty technique is filled with
      numerous attempts to implant all manner of material using very creative surgical
      techniques. Many different shapes of incisions were tried. Castroviejo introduced
      a square shaped keratoplasty technique which had considerable success. He also
      introduced new surgical instruments which made the procedure easier to perform.
      This technique remained popular until the 1950s when improved instrumentation
      along with the demand for the most cosmetically pleasing result displaced the
      square keratoplasty technique as the keratoplasty procedure of choice.

PMID- 6377546
TI  - Prolongation of intraperitoneal segmental pancreatic allografts in primates
      receiving cyclosporin A.
AB  - In this study the efficacy of the new immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporin A
      (CYA), was examined in a model of segmental, intraperitoneal pancreatic
      allotransplantation with free duct drainage in totally pancreatectomized, outbred
      Chacma baboons. CYA, in doses of 25 to 50 mg/kg/day administered to recipients of
      heterotopic segmental (tail) allografts, produced a slight but significant
      prolongation of graft survival. CYA (25 to 85 mg/kg/day), administered orally
      after pancreatic transplantation gave daily serum trough levels of CYA that
      ranged from 300 to 600 ng/ml. Mean serum trough levels on the first postoperative
      day in recipients of 50 mg/kg/day were 121.1 +/- 61.6 ng/ml. There was a wide
      variation in daily serum trough levels exhibited between primates on the same
      daily oral dose, and there was no correlation between absolute serum trough
      levels of CYA and rejection. It is postulated that adequate serum CYA levels were
      not achieved by the oral administration of the drug to ensure allograft survival
      beyond 60 days in pancreatectomized recipients. Adverse effects occurred
      frequently and included anorexia, diarrhea, and tremors and were in direct
      proportion to the quantity of CYA required to prolong graft survival. Free duct
      drainage into the abdominal cavity frequently resulted in pancreatic ascites,
      which necessitated paracentesis, indicating that this method of duct drainage has
      limited clinical application. Although heterotopic autotransplantation or
      allotransplantation of the tail of the pancreas in the baboon was capable of
      maintaining normoglycemia in pancreatectomized baboons, glucose intolerance,
      reduced K values, and hypoinsulinemia were consistent findings during glucose
      tolerance tests, suggesting that an insufficient islet cell mass had been
      transplanted.

PMID- 6377547
TI  - Denture stomatitis in nursing home patients.
AB  - All 352 patients in two nursing-homes in Orebro were examined. In one of the
      homes microbiological tests could be done on the patients with full upper
      dentures. The samples were taken both from the denture and the oral mucosa.
      Candida albicans, Yeast, Staph. aureus, B-hemolytic streptococci and
      Klebsiella/Enterobacter were controlled. In samples from the oral mucosa a
      correlation was found between stomatitis, Candida albicans and Staph. aureus (P
      less than 0.01). A weak correlation was also found between stomatitis and
      Klebsiella/Enterobacter (0.01 less than P less than 0.05). In samples from the
      dentures there were only a weaker correlation between Stomatitis, Candida
      albicans and Staph. aureus (0.1 less than P less than 0.05).

PMID- 6377548
TI  - A historical review of hydrocolloids and an investigation of the dimensional
      accuracy of the new alginates for crown and bridge impressions when using stock
      trays.
AB  - Reversible hydrocolloids have been used since 1937 and irreversible hydrocolloids
      since 1947 for the making of impressions for fixed prostheses; the impression
      techniques were similar to today's. The dimensional accuracy of reproduction of
      the irreversible hydrocolloids has been proved since 1947. In this paper the
      dimensional accuracy of three new alginates, Algi -X ( Algiflex Super, Howmedica
      Alginate), Ardent Alginate, Ultrafine and a combination material, Colloid 80/
      Algiace ( Dentloid / Algiace ) were compared to two agar hydrocolloids and an
      addition silicone, when different stock trays were used as in the dental clinic.
      In most clinical situations the new alginates used in metal stock trays are as
      accurate as the "old" impression materials. The combination material is less
      accurate when many abutment preparations are to be reproduced. Whether perforated
      or nonperforated metal stock trays are used with the alginates is of no
      consequence to the accuracy. Alginates used in disposable plastic trays may cause
      severe inaccuracy. In narrow spaces with severe unblocked undercuts some of the
      alginates may be inferior to the other impression materials in this study.

PMID- 6377549
TI  - [Nurse in the "good old days". Interview by Aashild Sandberg].

PMID- 6377550
TI  - [Oral mucosa conditions and denture status in 127 nursing home residents].

PMID- 6377551
TI  - [Precision manufacturing with an improved technic in the production of inlays and
      crowns].

PMID- 6377552
TI  - [A unique prosthetic case].

PMID- 6377553
TI  - [The linear exactness of working models--a comparison].

PMID- 6377554
TI  - [Insurance for patients].

PMID- 6377556
TI  - [Prophylaxis, scaling and curettage--what does it mean?].

PMID- 6377555
TI  - [Dental care insurance 1974-81. Care coverage in various age groups treated in
      private dental practice].

PMID- 6377558
TI  - Autologous bone marrow transplantation for human solid tumors.

PMID- 6377557
TI  - Does Agent Orange cause birth defects?
AB  - Large quantities of the defoliant, Agent Orange, were sprayed in Vietnam during
      the war. Agent Orange was composed of two herbicides: 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T, the
      latter contaminated by small amounts of a highly toxic dioxin (TCDD). The
      constituents of Agent Orange are capable of producing gene mutations and
      chromosomal aberrations, at least in some experimental circumstances. TCDD and
      2,4,5-T are teratogenic in mice and perhaps in other mammals, but the
      teratogenicity of these chemicals has not been convincingly demonstrated in
      humans. There is currently no scientific evidence which indicates that men who
      were previously exposed to Agent Orange are at increased risk of having children
      with birth defects, but available data are inadequate to assess this possibility
      critically.

PMID- 6377559
TI  - Protecting the public from the environment.

PMID- 6377560
TI  - [Treatment of gonarthrosis with tolectin].

PMID- 6377561
TI  - Neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY): a newly discovered peptide is present in the
      mammalian respiratory tract.
AB  - Neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY), a newly discovered peptide known to modulate blood
      vessel diameter and smooth muscle tone, has been found in many mammalian organs.
      Its distribution is similar to that of sympathetic nerve fibres and NPY
      immunoreactivity has been found in noradrenergic ganglion cells. In a study of
      the respiratory tract of four mammalian species--man, cat, guinea pig, and rat-
      NPY immunoreactivity has been localised to nerve fibres. NPY immunoreactive nerve
      fibres were found in the adventitia of blood vessels and in the airway smooth
      muscle. Its distribution was strikingly similar to that of sympathetic nerve
      fibres as demonstrated by dopamine-beta-hydroxylase antibodies. The mean (SD)
      concentrations of NPY in the guinea pig respiratory tract, as determined by
      radioimmunoassay of tissue extracts, were: upper trachea 3.3 (0.7), lower trachea
      2.0 (0.5), and major bronchus 3.5 (1.1) pmol/g. During developmental studies in
      man NPY immunoreactive nerve fibres were first observed at 20 weeks' gestation in
      the trachea, and fibres gradually extended down into the intrapulmonary airways
      after birth. NPY immunoreactive nerve fibres have a distribution and
      developmental pattern similar to that of sympathetic nerve fibres in the
      respiratory tract. The finding of NPY immunoreactivity in nerve fibres in the
      mammalian respiratory tract adds to the growing number of peptides having potent
      biological actions found in this organ, and shows that the lung possesses a rich
      peptidergic system, which may influence pulmonary function.

PMID- 6377562
TI  - Comparison of oral prednisolone and intramuscular depot triamcinolone in patients
      with severe chronic asthma.
AB  - In a double blind crossover study oral prednisolone was compared with
      intramuscular depot triamcinolone in the treatment of 20 patients with severe
      chronic asthma. A short term study comparing each treatment over four weeks
      showed only minor differences in therapeutic efficacy, but at the end of 24 week
      periods on each of the two treatments triamcinolone was significantly more
      effective than prednisolone in terms of forced expiratory volume in one second
      and forced vital capacity. Better control of asthma was accompanied by a
      significant fall in weight and some evidence of reduced adrenal suppression
      (improved cortisol response following a short tetracosactrin test). Side effects,
      including menstrual irregularities, muscle pain, and hirsuitism, were, however,
      more common during treatment with triamcinolone.

PMID- 6377563
TI  - Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid in patients with atherosclerosis: effects on platelet
      aggregation, plasma lipids and low-density lipoprotein-induced inhibition of
      prostacyclin generation.
AB  - Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid ( DHLA ), a precursor of monoenoic anti-aggregatory
      prostaglandins (PGE1, PGD2), was administered for 4 weeks in a daily dose of 1.0
      g into 33 patients with atherosclerosis on a basis of a double-blind trial.
      Comparison of treatment and placebo groups revealed elevation of DHLA in red cell
      lipids in DHLA -treated subjects. No differences, however, between the two groups
      could be observed in platelet aggregability, thromboxane A2 generation by
      platelets, serum cholesterol, PGE1 and PGE2 levels, and in inhibitory activity of
      low-density lipoproteins against prostacyclin synthetizing system in arteries.
      The dietary supplementation used did not lead to distinct antithrombotic effects.

PMID- 6377564
TI  - Acylated streptokinase--plasminogen complex in patients with acute myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - BRL 26921 is the p- anisoyl derivative of the primary streptokinase-human
      plasminogen complex in which the acyl group is specifically located at the
      catalytic centre of the enzyme. Doses of BRL 26921 ranging from 5 mg to 25 mg
      were given intravenously or into a coronary artery to 12 patients with acute
      myocardial infarction. The complex was well tolerated and produced no serious
      bleeding. Coronary artery reperfusion was demonstrated angiographically in three
      patients. In most patients, fibrinogen, plasminogen, alpha 2 antiplasmin and
      alpha 2 macroglobulin levels fell and the level of fibrinogen degradation
      products increased acutely post treatment indicating systemic fibrinolytic
      activation. The degree of this activation was variable but was profound in some.
      It appeared to be dose related and modified by the presence of streptokinase
      antibodies. BRL 26921 appears less "selectively" thrombolytic in patients than
      had been expected from animal models.

PMID- 6377565
TI  - Effects of human antithrombin III on mortality and blood coagulation induced in
      rabbits by endotoxin.
AB  - Twenty-one rabbits were infused with 20 micrograms/kg/hr of E. coli endotoxin for
      6 hr. Eight of the animals were preinjected immediately before the infusion of
      endotoxin, with a bolus dose of human AT III calculated to increase the
      antithrombin content of the plasma by about 4 units/ml. All eight animals which
      were preinjected with AT III survived, while 5 of the 13 control rabbits infused
      with endotoxin alone died. The changes in coagulation parameters from the
      baseline values, between the 8 control rabbits which survived and the 8 animals
      which were preinjected with AT III were compared. The concentration of the
      preinjected human AT III declined significantly faster (P: less than 0.01) than
      that of the native rabbit AT III. AT III prevented the decline of F.XII
      throughout the infusion of the endotoxin. However, the decline in F.V,
      fibrinogen, prothrombin and platelets was not affected (P: greater than 0.5) by
      the injection of AT III.

PMID- 6377566
TI  - Human leukocyte elastase-like proteinase purified by affinity chromatography with
      Suc-L-Tyr-D-Leu-D-Val-pNA, and its identification with human spleen fibrinolytic
      proteinase.
AB  - Elastase-like proteinase ( ELP ) extracted with 2 M NaClO4 from human leukocytes
      was purified by a new affinity chromatography technique with Suc-L-Tyr-D-Leu-D
      Val-pNA, following delipidation, salting out and Sephadex gel chromatography. The
      purified preparation contained practically no chymotrypsin-like proteinase
      activity, and it was homogeneous on SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The
      enzyme so purified readily degraded fibrin, fibrinogen, elastin and -Val type
      synthetic peptide substrates, such as Suc-L-Ala-L-Tyr-L-Leu-L-Val-pNA and Suc-L
      Tyr-L-Leu-L-Val-pNA. A special increase in ELP activity by adding chaotropic ions
      was observed. The enzymatic properties of the ELP were very similar to those of
      spleen fibrinolytic proteinase (SFP). ELP and SFP were identified immunologically
      using mice antisera against purified ELP .

PMID- 6377567
TI  - A comparison of human pulmonary arterial and venous prostacyclin and thromboxane
      synthesis--effect of a thromboxane synthase inhibitor.
AB  - The amounts of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) and thromboxane
      B2 (TxB2) produced by the endothelial surfaces of paired samples of human
      pulmonary arteries and veins, obtained from patients undergoing thoracic surgery,
      were measured. The amounts of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TxB2 produced by arteries
      compared with veins were not different. However, both arteries and veins produced
      more 6-keto-PGF1 alpha than TxB2, the ratio being approximately 7.5:1 for both. 6
      keto-PGF1 alpha synthesis by arteries was significantly correlated with that
      produced by veins but the relative amounts of TxB2 were not correlated. 6-keto
      PGF1 alpha synthesis was correlated with TxB2 synthesis for veins but not for
      arteries. 8 of the 12 arterial samples exhibited some degree of intimal fibrosis.
      Incubation with the thromboxane synthase inhibitor, dazoxiben , caused a
      significant inhibition of vascular TxB2 synthesis and a significant increase in 6
      keto-PGF1 alpha synthesis. In 3 of the 5 cases the increase in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha
      was too large to be explained by the fall in TxB2.

PMID- 6377568
TI  - A comparative randomized trial of low-dose versus high-dose streptokinase in deep
      vein thrombosis of the thigh.
AB  - Fibrinolytic treatment of acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the leg with high
      dose streptokinase (SK) (100,000 U/h) in 39 cases, or low-dose SK (approx 10,000
      U/h) in combination with low-dose heparin in 41 cases, was studied in a
      prospective randomized trial. The degree of thrombolysis was similar in both
      groups and did not correlate with age or size of the thrombus or with fibrinogen
      level. The degree of late recanalization was also similar in both groups. There
      were however significantly more patients with postthrombotic changes in the low
      dose group than in the high-dose group after a mean follow-up time of 31 and 38
      months respectively. In the low-dose group 2 intracranial hemorrhages occurred
      (one was fatal) and one patient died of pulmonary embolism, but there were
      significantly less allergic side effects to SK. There were no cases of such
      serious side effects in the highdose group. Although low-dose SK has equal
      thrombolytic effect it seems inferior to high-dose SK, since it probably causes
      more severe hemorrhagic side-effects.

PMID- 6377569
TI  - Registry of Prospective Clinical Trials--Sixth Report.

PMID- 6377570
TI  - Antithrombogenic effects of calcium channel blockers: synergism with prostacyclin
      and thromboxane synthase inhibitors.
AB  - Four calcium channel blockers (nimodipine, nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazem)
      of three chemical classes were tested in vitro for inhibition of platelet
      aggregation using heparinized human platelet rich plasma. Both ADP- and thrombin
      induced aggregation were inhibited as was the biosynthesis of thromboxane A2 in
      response to ADP or thrombin. However, the IC50's for the calcium channel blockers
      were greater than or equal to 110 microM. Nimodipine was also tested in
      combination with prostacyclin, the potent platelet antiaggregatory agent, or with
      a thromboxane synthase inhibitor, U63557A. At concentrations at which neither
      nimodipine or prostacyclin inhibited platelet aggregation greater than or equal
      to 10%, the two compounds is combination synergistically inhibited both ADP- and
      thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. U63557A inhibited biosynthesis of
      thromboxane A2 by platelets in response to ADP or thrombin, but did not inhibit
      either ADP- or thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. However, U63557A in
      combination with a threshold inhibitory concentration of nimodipine resulted in a
      synergistic inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by ADP or thrombin. These
      results suggest that calcium channel blockers may be of therapeutic value as a
      new class of antithrombogenic agents when used in combination with agents that
      inhibit either platelet aggregation or synthesis of platelet thromboxane A2.

PMID- 6377571
TI  - Selenium enhances prostacyclin production by cultured endothelial cells: possible
      explanation for increased bleeding times in volunteers taking selenium as a
      dietary supplement.
AB  - Selenium added to the culture medium of confluent pig aortic endothelial cells
      caused a time-related elevation in the activity of the hydroperoxide scavenging
      enzyme: glutathione peroxidase. This increased activity was associated with an
      enhanced ability to produce prostacyclin irregardless of whether the agonist was
      arachidonic acid or thrombin. Since prostacyclin synthetase is believed to be
      irreversibly inhibited by alkyl hydroperoxides, we feel that the greater
      production of prostacyclin by selenium-treated cells as compared with control
      cells may reflect a protective effect of GSH.Px towards the synthetase enzyme.
      The results from this study may explain the observations made on a group of human
      volunteers ingesting selenium as a dietary supplement. After six weeks treatment
      with selenium, bleeding time in this group was prolonged suggesting an improved
      ability to synthesize prostacyclin as a result of selenium-dependent glutathione
      peroxidase activation in the vessel wall.

PMID- 6377572
TI  - Properties of the clotting enzyme responsible for endotoxin-mediated Limulus
      coagulation.
AB  - A clotting enzyme, associated with the endotoxin-mediated activation of the
      cellularly based coagulation system of the American horseshoe crab (Limulus
      polyphemus), was considerably purified by a modification of the method employed
      to purify the corresponding enzyme from the Japanese horseshoe crab (Tachypleus
      tridentatus) (Nakamura, et al., 1982). This enzyme was inhibited by DFP,
      benzamidine, p-aminobenzamidine, antithrombin III, soybean trypsin inhibitor, and
      antipain, suggesting that it is a trypsin-type serine protease. The enzyme
      demonstrated amidolytic activity to Ac-Ile-Glu-Gly-Arg-pNA (S-2423) and related
      synthetic substrates (S-2222, S-2422, S-2337, and Boc-Leu-Gly-Arg-pNA) but not to
      other substrates (S-2160, S-2238, S-2251, S-2444, S-2266, and S-2302), indicating
      specificity similar to mammalian blood coagulation Factor Xa. These properties of
      the Limulus enzyme were identical with those of the corresponding Tachypleus
      enzyme. The structure and function of the enzymes in these two species probably
      have been highly conserved during the past few hundred million years of their
      evolution.

PMID- 6377573
TI  - The use of prothrombin activating snake venoms to measure human prethrombin 2:
      absence of prethrombin 2 in serum.
AB  - The activation of the prothrombin intermediate, Prethrombin 2, has been studied
      in order to establish test systems that would enable identification of
      Prethrombin 2 in serum and Factor IX concentrates. While activation of
      Prethrombin 2 by Taipan Snake Venom (TSV) was slow and incomplete, inclusion of
      approximately molar amounts of prothrombin fragments F1 or F1.2 markedly enhanced
      the amount of thrombin formed by TSV. This effect could also be obtained by the
      inclusion of serum. Neither normal serum nor Factor V deficient serum contain any
      identifiable Prethrombin 2. On the other hand substantial amounts of Prethrombin
      2 are present in Factor IX concentrates used for the treatment of Christmas
      Disease (Hemophilia B).

PMID- 6377574
TI  - Differentiation of thrombin- and factor Xa-related amidolytic activity in plasma
      by means of a synthetic thrombin inhibitor.

PMID- 6377575
TI  - Prothrombin Salakta: an abnormal prothrombin characterized by a defect in the
      active site of thrombin.
AB  - An abnormal prothrombin has been detected in a 17 yr-old female originating from
      Tunisia. There was no history of excessive bleeding. Prothrombin time and
      activated partial thromboplastin time were moderately prolonged. Prothrombin
      activity was 15-18% when measured using either the classical one-stage and two
      stage assays, or assays with Echis carinatus venom or staphylocoagulase, whereas
      prothrombin antigen was 100%. In keeping with current nomenclature practices, the
      abnormal molecule has been designated prothrombin Salakta. The electrophoretic
      behaviour and calcium binding properties of the abnormal prothrombin did not
      differ significantly from normal, as assessed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis.
      Prothrombin Salakta was isolated by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex and Dextran
      sulphate sepharose. Electrophoretic migration of purified prothrombin Salakta on
      SDS polyacrylamide gels or alkaline disc gels was normal. Upon activation by
      either bovine factor Xa or Echis carinatus venom, thrombin activity produced by
      prothrombin Salakta was only 15% of normal, even when the incubation period was
      prolonged for 24 hours. The pattern of factor Xa-catalyzed proteolysis of
      prothrombin Salakta, investigated by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was
      found to be normal. These results indicated that prothrombin Salakta was
      characterized by a defective thrombin enzymatic activity. Thrombin Salakta was
      therefore isolated by heparin-sepharose chromatography. Affinity for heparin and
      molecular weight of thrombin Salakta were found to be normal. Biological activity
      of thrombin Salakta, determined by clotting assay, was 535 u/mg versus 3 200 u/mg
      for normal thrombin. Amidolytic activity of thrombin Salakta parallelled its
      clotting activity, suggesting that the defect resides either in the catalytic
      site or in the residues adjacent to the catalytic site and implicated as contact
      residues, rather than in the fibrinogen recognition site.

PMID- 6377576
TI  - [Harris' lines. Radiological findings in a pre-historic skeleton].

PMID- 6377577
TI  - [Prevention of recurrent cystitis in fertile women. A double-blind comparison of
      Hiprex and placebo in general practice].

PMID- 6377578
TI  - [Bronchial reactivity assessed by the methacholine test].

PMID- 6377579
TI  - [Detection of narcotic drugs in the urine. A 2-year case material from Health
      Region IV].

PMID- 6377580
TI  - [Campylobacter jejuni: an important causative agent of food infection in man. An
      overview].
AB  - Since a few years, Campylobacter jejuni has been identified as an important cause
      of acute enteritis in man. Various studies showed that Campylobacter enteritis is
      as common as salmonellosis, and that the symptoms often are even more severe.
      That this species of bacterium was not discovered until recently, was due in part
      to the fact that unusual methods of isolation are required; for instance,
      Campylobacter jejuni will only grow in a micro-aerophilic atmosphere.
      Campylobacteriosis was found to be a foodborne infection in the majority of
      cases. The organism was isolated from a large number of species of wild and
      domesticated animals, which, as in the case of Salmonella, are mainly
      asymptomatic carriers. Of farm animals, poultry and pigs are most frequently
      infected. The most important sources of human infection are poultry meat,
      unpasteurized milk, inadequately treated drinking water and, as a direct source,
      dogs with enteritis. Only poultry was found to play a role in the Netherlands.
      Pork is mostly not contaminated as Campylobacter dies during cooling of pig
      carcasses, death being due to the drying effect of forced ventilation. The
      sensitivity of Campylobacter to dry conditions, in conjunction with its inability
      to multiply below 30 degrees C, means that the mechanism of cross contamination,
      which is such an important factor in the epidemiology of Salmonella, is of minor
      significance in Campylobacter.

PMID- 6377581
TI  - Immunocytochemical identification of CRF in the human hypothalamus.
AB  - Immunoreactive ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) was revealed in the
      cell bodies of parvocellular neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the human
      hypothalamus by an immunocytochemical technique. The immunoreactivity was
      negative in magnocellular neurons. Immunoreactive nerve fibers were found in the
      subependymal layers of the third ventricle and in the perivascular space of the
      primary plexus in the lower hypothalamus. No CRF immunoreactive cell bodies were
      found in the supraoptic nucleus.

PMID- 6377582
TI  - Determination of low affinity platelet factor 4 in frozen and thawed human
      platelets by the newly developed enzyme immunoassay system.
AB  - By the use of a newly developed sandwich enzyme immunoassay method for low
      affinity platelet factor 4 (LA-PF4), the effects of repeated freeze-thawing on
      the contents of this protein in platelets were determined and compared with those
      of Triton-X 100 lysed platelets. The assay system consisted of polystyrene balls
      covered with immobilized antibody fragments F(ab')2 and the same antibody Fab'
      labeled with beta-D-galactosidase from E. coli. The assay was specific to LA-PF4
      with no significant cross-reactivity with platelet factor 4. Coefficients of
      variation within-run and between-run for the assay of LA-PF4 were less than 12%.
      The results obtained with this enzyme immunoassay correlated well with those of a
      radioimmunoassay of beta-thromboglobulin which is immunologically identical with
      LA-PF4 (r = 0.961, slope = 1.056, y-intercept = -3.739 ng/ml; n = 22). The
      contents of LA-PF4 per 10(9) Triton-X 100 lysed platelets in platelet-rich plasma
      were 23.65 +/- 3.14 micrograms (mean +/- S.D.). The contents of LA-PF4 in
      platelets were increased from 46% to 95% of Triton-X 100 values by repeated
      freezing and thawing 1 to 7 times. The present data indicate that the freeze
      thawing technique should be done carefully to obtain the reliable determination
      of LA-PF4 in platelets.

PMID- 6377585
TI  - Acid-etch bridges in dentistry (part 1).

PMID- 6377583
TI  - Transient induction of hepatic metallothionein following oral ethanol
      administration.
AB  - Chronic ethanol ingestion has been associated with alterations of zinc
      homeostasis. Various treatments that alter zinc disposition induce hepatic
      metallothionein (MT). Therefore, this study was performed to determine the effect
      of acute ethanol exposure on hepatic MT levels. Adult male CF-1 mice were
      administered ethanol intragastrically and their hepatic MT was quantified at
      various times thereafter by the Cd-radioassay method. Ethanol (5 g/kg, ig)
      produced significant increases in hepatic MT as early as 4 hr after dosing.
      Maximal hepatic MT concentrations (19-fold increase) were observed 24 hr after
      ethanol and returned to control concentrations by 48 hr. Hepatic MT levels were
      increased 24 hr after 5 or 7 g ethanol/kg but were not altered by 1, 2, or 3
      g/kg. Elevations in pancreatic MT, but not in renal or intestinal MT, also
      occurred 24 hr after ethanol (5 g/kg). Actinomycin D (1.25 mg/kg, ip) prevented
      the increase in hepatic MT produced by ethanol, whereas inhibition of ethanol
      oxidation by pyrazole (150 mg/kg, ip) did not prevent the induction of hepatic
      MT. Gel filtration chromatography and uv spectral analysis confirmed the presence
      of MT in the livers of ethanol-treated mice. These data show that acute ethanol
      administration produces a marked elevation of hepatic MT that is transient.

PMID- 6377586
TI  - Acid-etch bridges in dentistry (part 2).

PMID- 6377584
TI  - Increase of 2,3-epoxybutane mutagenicity by glutathione-S-transferases.
AB  - The mutagenicity of 2,3- epoxybutane (2,3-EB) towards Salmonella FFphimurium
      TA1530 is increased by rat liver S9 mix. This enhancement can be induced by
      Aroclor 1254 (ARO) or phenobarbitone (PB) pretreatment. Comparative assays with
      purified subcellular liver fractions demonstrated that cytosol is the most active
      in increasing the mutagenic effect of 2,3-EB. Addition of reduced glutathione
      (GSH) to metabolic activating mixtures containing S9 or cytosol, strengthened
      this effect. From these results it is suggested that 2,3-EB is stabilized through
      enzymic conjugation with GSH.

PMID- 6377587
TI  - Acid-etch bridges in dentistry (part 3).

PMID- 6377588
TI  - Effects of the Frankel lateral vestibular shields on the widening of the upper
      jaw. An experimental investigation in the rat.

PMID- 6377589
TI  - [Metalloceramics for the improvement of prosthetic care for the population of the
      GDR. 3: Gisadent NCA, composition, physical properties, structure].

PMID- 6377590
TI  - [Problems in the strength of clasp elements of removable cast partial dentures
      from the viewpoint of stress mechanics].

PMID- 6377591
TI  - [Denture hygiene findings in a random-sample, geriatric stomatologic study in
      Rostock].

PMID- 6377592
TI  - [Experience with the use of pressure spot detection indicators in complete
      dentures].

PMID- 6377593
TI  - [Metalloceramics for the improvement of prosthetic care for the population of the
      GDR. 4: Processing of Gisadent NCA].

PMID- 6377594
TI  - [The first state Dental Institute of Germany and its founder Friedrich Louis
      Hesse].

PMID- 6377595
TI  - [The use of current plastics in pedodontics].

PMID- 6377596
TI  - [Tooth mobility, abutments in removable partial dentures].

PMID- 6377597
TI  - Cyclosporine: experience with therapeutic monitoring.

PMID- 6377598
TI  - Gentamicin/heparin interactions: effects on two immunoassays and on protein
      binding.
AB  - Heparin has been reported to have two different effects on gentamicin. One is the
      interference by heparin with the quantitation of gentamicin; the other is an
      increase in the bound fraction of gentamicin in the presence of serum. The
      reports conflict regarding what concentration of heparin causes these effects.
      The main objective of this study was to determine what effect heparin had on the
      determination of gentamicin using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) or a fluorescence
      polarization immunoassay (FPIA). Heparin concentrations studied simulated the
      amounts that would be found in plasma when blood samples are collected with an
      evacuated heparinized tube (less than 30 U/ml), or the greater amounts that might
      be present when blood is collected from indwelling lines (100-200 U/ml). Heparin
      had no effect on the quantitation of gentamicin by FPIA. In measurements done by
      EIA, heparin had no effect at 28 U/ml but did significantly inhibit the reaction
      by 10-20% when its concentration was 100-200 U/ml. We studied the effects of
      heparin on the distribution equilibrium of gentamicin by measuring free
      gentamicin produced in an ultrafiltrate. It was found that the bound fraction
      increased as the heparin concentration increased. Our results with aqueous and
      serum-based samples suggest that the increased binding was the result of a direct
      binding of gentamicin to heparin, as well as a more complex interaction involving
      heparin, gentamicin, and proteins.

PMID- 6377599
TI  - Evaluation of fluorescence immunoassay for total and unbound serum concentrations
      of disopyramide.
AB  - The accuracy of determining disopyramide concentrations in 80 serum samples by
      high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and fluorescence immunoassay (FIA)
      on 2 consecutive days was similar. The precision of both methods was excellent.
      The interday precision of FIA was superior to HPLC at nominal concentrations of
      1.5 and 3.0 mg/L, but was similar at 7.0 mg/L. Following equilibrium dialysis of
      40 serum samples, the unbound concentration of disopyramide determined by a
      modified FIA method under-estimated by 16% the unbound concentration determined
      by a reference method. The discrepancy may be avoided by preparing standards in
      the appropriate buffer. Fluorescence of disopyramide optical isomers at similar
      concentrations were identical. It is concluded that FIA for determining plasma
      concentrations of disopyramide is accurate and precise, and may be modified to
      accurately determine unbound concentrations following separation of plasma water
      and protein.

PMID- 6377600
TI  - Comparison of bioassay, high-performance liquid chromatography, and fluorescence
      polarization immunoassay for quantitative determination of vancomycin in serum.
AB  - This investigation was designed to compare three assay techniques, the
      traditional bioassay (agar diffusion), and two more recent techniques, high
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and fluorescence polarization
      immunoassay (FPIA), for the determination of vancomycin concentrations in serum.
      One hundred clinical samples obtained from patients receiving vancomycin were
      assayed by each method. The results from each assay were compared using linear
      regression analysis. The resultant correlation coefficients were as follows:
      0.9996 for the HPLC versus FPIA, 0.7773 for the FPIA versus bioassay, and 0.7779
      for HPLC versus bioassay. The FPIA technique was the easiest and fastest of the
      three methods; FPIA and HPLC were the most accurate.

PMID- 6377601
TI  - Accuracy and precision of gas-liquid chromatographic, high-pressure liquid
      chromatographic, and enzyme immunoassay techniques for the measurement of
      theophylline concentrations in serum: a comparison based on external quality
      assurance measurements.
AB  - The accuracy and precision of gas-liquid chromatography with and without
      derivatization (GLC + D, GLC-ND), high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and
      enzyme multiplied immunoassay (EMIT) for the measurement of serum levels of
      theophylline were compared below, within, and above the therapeutic range (55-110
      mumol/L) using data from 63 samples from the Heathcontrol quality assurance
      scheme. Within the therapeutic range, the methods did not differ in either
      precision or accuracy. Coefficients of variation (CV) of measurements were
      between 12 and 16%, and measurements did not differ from spiked values. Below the
      therapeutic range, the methods differed significantly. The GLC methods had the
      lowest precision (CV 23-25%), while the CV for HPLC was 19% and for EMIT 14%. GLC
      + D and HPLC also overestimated drug level by 11 and 8%, respectively. Above the
      therapeutic range, the precision of the methods did not differ (CV 10-13%),
      although both EMIT and HPLC underestimated theophylline level by 5-6%. In a
      comparison of individual laboratories based on a ranking of overall precision,
      laboratories employing GLC commonly exhibited less precise rank positions than
      laboratories using EMIT. Laboratories making HPLC measurements showed a bimodal
      distribution but no methodological differences were identified to explain this
      difference in precision.

PMID- 6377602
TI  - Discrepancy in digoxin results between two commercial assays.

PMID- 6377603
TI  - Nursing literature on AIDS.

PMID- 6377605
TI  - The effect of duct obliteration on the histology and endocrine function of the
      canine pancreas.
AB  - Although duct obliteration is a safe and effective method for ablation of
      exocrine secretion in segmental pancreas transplantation, it remains to be
      clarified whether its effects are restricted to the exocrine tissue. In 20 dogs
      (beagles 9-15 kg) the right lobe of the pancreas was removed and the ductal
      system of the left lobe was injected with the duct-obliterants neoprene (6 dogs),
      polyisoprene (6 dogs), or prolamine (8 dogs). In this study, i.v. glucose
      tolerance tests (the results of which are expressed in K values) and
      relaparotomies for taking biopsies were performed at 1, 3, and 12 months after
      duct obliteration. Biopsies were studied histologically and immunohistochemically
      in a qualitative and semiquantitative fashion. Three prolamine-injected dogs
      developed diabetes. All other dogs maintained normal fasting blood glucose levels
      but showed reduced K values at 1 month after duct obliteration. Further
      deterioration of glucose tolerance was not observed up to 12 months. Differences
      in K values depending on the type of obliterant were insignificant at all
      intervals. The exocrine tissue was completely replaced by fibrosis at 3 months
      after duct obliteration, and the architecture of the islets was disrupted.
      Morphometrical analysis of relative numbers of different endocrine cell types
      showed transient changes at 1 month after duct obliteration, but did not differ
      from unmodified controls at 12 months. We conclude that the effects of duct
      obliteration are not restricted to the exocrine pancreatic tissue, but that the
      endocrine pancreas is interfered with as well. Changes in islet function and
      histology are brought about during the first month after duct obliteration and
      stabilize thereafter.

PMID- 6377604
TI  - Intragraft events in allograft destruction.

PMID- 6377606
TI  - Time-related efficacy of liver cell isografts in fulminant hepatic failure.
AB  - We and others have reported that dispersed liver cells transplanted into the
      spleen parenchyma of syngeneic rats remained functional and viable for a long
      time. This report describes our results with hepatocellular transplantation as a
      therapeutic method in a model of fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) in the rat. 60
      male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-250 g were used. The FHF was reached
      through an Eck's fistula with 2/3 hepatectomy at the same time. This model
      produced lethal hepatic failure in a highly reproducible manner. Liver cells were
      isolated by the collagenase method. 40 X 10(6) hepatocytes suspended in Hanks'
      balanced salt solution were transplanted into the spleen parenchyma 24 hr before
      (group 1), at the same time as (group 2), and 24 hr after (group 3) FHF was
      achieved. Additional sham-operated animals (groups 4 and 5) and a control group
      (group 6) were used. The hepatocellular transplantation markedly increased the
      survival of the animals with induced FHF to 80% (group 1) and 60% (group 2)--but
      not in group 3 (20%),--compared with 10% in the control group. This study shows
      that dispersed liver cells transplanted into the spleen can provide sufficient
      support to allow animals with lethal hepatic failure to survive and recover.
      Nevertheless the efficacy of transplantation is a time-related phenomenon with
      the FHF induction.

PMID- 6377607
TI  - HLA-DRW6 and treatment of acute rejection with antithymocyte globulin.
AB  - The influence of DRw6-antigen on graft survival was studied in a single-center
      study in 223 recipients of a cadaveric kidney. Although graft survival in 148
      DRw6-negative recipients was not significantly different from that in 75 DRw6
      positive recipients, the percentage of patients without a rejection episode in
      the first three months after grafting was significantly less in the DRw6-negative
      recipients (p = 0.03). In DRw6-positive patients who had received rabbit
      antithymocyte globulin (RATG) as the first antirejection treatment, graft
      survival was significantly better than in prednisone-treated DRw6-positive
      recipients. In the DRw6-negative patients RATG treatment also gave better
      results, but these differences were not significant. When RATG-treated patients
      were excluded from the analysis, the difference in graft survival between DRw6
      negative and DRw6-positive patients became apparent (p = 0.03). These findings
      show that the negative influence of the DRw6 antigen present in the recipients is
      counterbalanced by the beneficial effect of RATG treatment for first rejection
      episodes.

PMID- 6377608
TI  - Azathioprine withdrawal in renal transplant recipients. A long-term follow-up.
AB  - Azathioprine (AZTP) must sometimes be discontinued in cadaveric kidney
      recipients. Long-term survival of patients after AZTP withdrawal is questionable,
      and many groups consider that maintenance treatment with AZTP is preferable to
      its discontinuation despite potential severe side effects. In our group AZTP had
      to be discontinued in 39 recipients of first renal allografts (30 cadaver kidney
      recipients, 9 living-related recipients) because of severe liver disease or
      cancer. The median follow-up period after AZTP withdrawal was 32 months, ranging
      from 5 to 84 months. Deterioration of renal function, which occurred in 11
      (28.2%) patients, was more frequently observed in recipients of an incompatible
      graft (2-4 HLA-A and B mismatches (P = 0.02)). The graft survival rate of 56.9%
      at 10 years for the whole group of patients compares favorably with the 63.2%
      graft survival rate of a matched control group of 79 patients. Thus, AZTP may be
      discontinued whenever required without increasing the rate of graft loss.

PMID- 6377609
TI  - Cyclosporin-associated central nervous system toxicity after allogeneic bone
      marrow transplantation.
AB  - Five of 64 recipients of HLA-identical sibling marrow allografts who were given
      cyclosporin (CSP) to minimize graft-versus-host disease posttransplant had a
      serious neurological illness thought to be due to CSP. Characteristic clinical
      features included a motor spinal cord syndrome, a cerebellar-like syndrome, and
      mental confusion. All five recovered when the CSP dose was reduced or the drug
      was stopped.

PMID- 6377610
TI  - A prospective randomized trial of matching for HLA-A and B versus HLA-DR in renal
      transplantation.
AB  - A prospective randomized trial was performed comparing survival of cadaveric
      grafts allocated by HLA-A+B matching and HLA-DR matching. The two allocation
      methods resulted in very similar graft survivals. HLA-A matching had no
      significant effect on graft survival. HLA-B and HLA-DR matching were shown to
      have approximately equal, significant, independent, and additive effects on graft
      survival. Other factors that were demonstrated to have significant effects were
      blood transfusion, preformed antibodies, graft number, and recipient sex. The
      results indicate that neither allocation method alone is optimal, and that
      matching for HLA-B+DR is necessary. However a large pool size is necessary to
      obtain a high frequency of good matches.

PMID- 6377611
TI  - Contrasting effects of thymopentin and splenopentin on the capacity of female
      mice to reject syngeneic male skin.
AB  - The TP-5 pentapeptide analog of thymopoietin and the SP-5 pentapeptide analog of
      splenin, which differ only in substitution of Glu for Asp and represent positions
      32-36 of the parent molecules, were compared for effects on the capacity of
      C3H/HeJ female mice to reject C3H/HeJ male skin (the H-Y rejection response). The
      actions of these TP-5 and SP-5 analogs of respective thymic and splenic products
      were already known to differ in other functional systems, neuromuscular and
      immunological, in vitro and in vivo. The H-Y rejection response of young thymus
      intact female mice was heightened by TP-5 and by SP-5. Neither TP-5 nor SP-5
      affected the raised H-Y rejection response of splenectomized female mice. Whereas
      TP-5 lowered the raised H-Y rejection response of thymectomized female mice, as
      reported elsewhere, SP-5 did not. Thus, not only do these structurally very
      similar immunoregulators differ in their particular functions, but the overall
      effect of these functions in vivo depends on the immune status of the recipient.

PMID- 6377612
TI  - Genetics of the blood transfusion effect on heart allografts in rats.
AB  - Working with the recently available recombinant haplotypes of the rat major
      histocompatibility complex (MHC)--RT1, we investigated the effect of various
      types of blood transfusion (BT) on allograft prolongation, including blood
      identical for the whole RT1 haplotype with that of the donor or for only a part
      of it. One or two milliliters of donor blood significantly prolonged graft
      survival in the (LEW X BN)F1----LEW or the LEW X 1W----LEW X 1A combination. The
      optimal regimen consisted of two BTs given 15 and 7 days prior to grafting; BTs
      given at day -30 were ineffective. A BT given on the day of the operation was
      effective, but sequential BTs after grafting did not further increase graft
      survival. In the (LEW X BN)F1----LEW combination, blood from congenic LEW X 1N
      rats significantly prolonged graft survival, but third-party BTs were ineffective
      or had only a borderline effect when transfused (1 ml, 8 times) within the three
      months before transplantation. This showed the major role of the RT1 system as
      well as the specificity of the model. Although the survival of LEW X 1A heart
      grafts transplanted into LEW X 1W recipients could not be significantly prolonged
      by donor blood, with the reverse--and "weaker"--combination (LEW X 1W----LEW X
      1A), 2 ml of donor blood led, in all cases, to greater than 100 days graft
      survival. In this last combination, third-party BT (LEW X 1N) was again totally
      ineffective. Blood from RT1-recombinant rats was used to test the role of the
      respective RT1.A, B, and C regions, in the enhancing effect. BTs from LEW X 1AR2
      or LEW X 1WR2 recombinants--sharing, respectively, RT1.C and RT1.A with the graft
      donor--were only moderately effective, as compared with BTs from the graft donor.
      On the other hand, LEW X 1WR1 BTs--sharing the RT1.A and RT1.B regions with the
      graft donor--had a much more powerful effect on heart survival. The results
      strongly suggest that the RT1.B region (coding for Ia-like antigens) must be
      shared by the graft and blood donor in order to mediate a significant graft
      prolongation.

PMID- 6377613
TI  - Mononuclear cell-surface antigens during storage of banked blood.
AB  - The surface antigens present on lymphocyte subpopulations and monocytes in whole
      blood stored under standard blood bank conditions were analyzed with a series of
      monoclonal antibodies and a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. During the first
      week of storage, the percentage of viable cells bearing T lymphocyte markers
      declined from 66% to 29% (P less than 0.001). Within the T cell subset, there was
      a disproportionate decrease in the percentage of cells reacting with anti-Leu 3a
      (a helper T cell marker) resulting in a reduction in the measured ratio of helper
      to-suppressor T cells (P less than 0.01). The relative percentage of cells
      bearing B lymphocyte markers increased from 11% to 31% (P less than 0.001). The
      proportion of HLA-DR-positive cells that were B cells increased during the first
      week of storage from 38% to 65% (P less than 0.01). The degree of residual
      antigen expression as measured by the remaining median intensity of fluorescence
      was significantly greater for B cell and HLA-DR antigens as compared with T cell
      antigens. The measured changes during storage in the relative proportions of
      mononuclear cells expressing cell-surface antigens probably result from a
      combination of differential residual antigen expression and differential survival
      of mononuclear subpopulations. The presence of adenine in the anticoagulant
      preservative solution had no measurable effect. Storage at 4 C, however, was
      shown to result in a 70% decrease in the proportion of antigen-bearing T cells,
      even as early as 24 hr of storage. The findings may have bearing on the
      beneficial effect of blood transfusion in renal transplant recipients, as well as
      on experimental models of the immune response to transfusion.

PMID- 6377614
TI  - Transplant aspiration cytology.

PMID- 6377615
TI  - Metabolism during preservation and viability of ischemically injured canine
      kidneys.

PMID- 6377616
TI  - The pulmonary vascular bed as a site for implantation of isolated liver cells in
      inbred rats.

PMID- 6377617
TI  - Comparative study of neonatal and adult skin transplants in mice.

PMID- 6377618
TI  - Utilization and function of kidneys obtained from nonheartbeating donors.

PMID- 6377619
TI  - The value of needle renal allograft biopsy. II: Reflection of acute rejection
      changes throughout the kidney by percutaneous biopsy.

PMID- 6377620
TI  - Severe vascular complications in oxalosis after successful cadaveric kidney
      transplantation.

PMID- 6377621
TI  - Cancer of the oesophagus in the South African black population.

PMID- 6377622
TI  - Biliary obstruction due to chronic pancreatitis.

PMID- 6377623
TI  - Designing a clinical trial.

PMID- 6377624
TI  - [Differentiation and the neoplastic transformation of normal cells].
AB  - It is suggested that blastomogenic factors can be considered as the means
      isolating normal cells from each other. Carcinogenic substances caused cell
      functions to disturb, to inhibit or to intensify the synthesis of specific
      substances, to change the cell surface disrupted contacts of interactions between
      cells, pressing cells to become on the way of evolution, and to create
      heterogenic populations of cells.

PMID- 6377625
TI  - [Regulation of microtubule assembly and disassembly by nucleotides].
AB  - The role of nucleotides in microtubular assembly and disassembly has been
      reviewed. Two possible functions of GTP hydrolysis during assembly are discussed:
      (1) hydrolysis renders sensitivity to factor(s) regulating microtubule
      depolymerization; (2) the energy of GTP hydrolysis is utilized for the subunit
      flow from one end of the microtubule to the other. In the second part of the
      review, experiments are considered showing that microtubular disassembly takes
      place in the cells only in the presence of ATP, and, therefore, this process is
      regulated via some ATP-dependent mechanism (most probably, phosphorylation of
      microtubule-associated proteins).

PMID- 6377626
TI  - [Autoradiographic study of the renewal rate of neutrophils and thrombocytes in
      summer and winter frogs].
AB  - In early August frogs were injected with 3H-thymidine and observed during 10
      months under conditions close to natural. Individual changes of neutrophil and
      thrombocyte contents in the blood, those of the number of labeled cells among
      them, and the density of labeling were studied. The life span of neutrophils in
      the active frogs was found as long as 2-3 weeks, while that of thrombocytes
      lasted for several months. In September the hibernating cell populations are
      formed and cell proliferation ceases. This process is suggested to be regulated
      by some complex centralized mechanisms rather than by a direct action of
      temperature. The size of circulating populations of both the cell types decreases
      during hibernation, part of the cells is deposited outside of circulation. The
      life span of cells rises considerably, their renewal begins only in spring. The
      ability of cells of the neutrophilic lineage to proliferate is preserved at low
      temperatures and is realized in pathological conditions. The similarities in
      seasonal adaptations are stated between amphibians and hibernating mammals at the
      level of cellular populations.

PMID- 6377628
TI  - [Dynamic studies on the 2-dowel and core restoration].

PMID- 6377627
TI  - [Method of automated cytomorphological analysis for classifying leukocytes by
      their stage of destruction].
AB  - Destruction of human peripheral blood leukocytes by toxins has been studied with
      the aid of an automatic microimage analyzer the "Morphoquant". The most
      informative parameters which define destruction stages have been revealed: the
      area and number of fragments of nucleus images and their distance to the nucleus
      centre under different levels of the optical threshold. Software for
      morphological analysis of leukocytes has been developed in addition to their
      classification using four destruction stages. The results of computerized
      classification of blood smears will compare with those obtained by a working
      haemotologist (85% coincidence).

PMID- 6377629
TI  - [Experimental studies on the retentive force of the Konus crown].

PMID- 6377630
TI  - [Statistical observations on removable partial dentures. Part 3. Cast metal
      dentures made of gold-platinum alloy].

PMID- 6377631
TI  - New perspectives on hyperoxic pulmonary toxicity--a review.

PMID- 6377632
TI  - Responses of salt- and water-regulating hormones during a saturation dive to 31
      ATA (SEADRAGON IV).
AB  - Four Japanese male subjects were studied during 3 days at 1 ATA, 3 days of
      compression to 31 ATA (1000 fsw), 14 days at 31 ATA, 12 days of decompression,
      and 3 days of postdive control at 1 ATA. The chamber was maintained at
      thermoneutral temperatures. During the 31-ATA exposure, urine flow increased
      about 500 ml/day (P less than 0.05) accompanied by an approximate 500-ml/day
      increase in osmotic clearance (Cosm) (P less than 0.05). Both urine flow and Cosm
      increases were primarily attributable to an increase in the overnight flow rates
      (P less than 0.01). The negative free water (-CH2O)/Cosm decreased during
      exposure to 31 ATA, indicating that a reduction in tubular water reabsorption may
      also contribute to the diuresis. Urine flow, Cosm, and -CH2O/Cosm all returned to
      predive values during decompression to 1 ATA. The urinary excretion rate of
      aldosterone increased from 2.7 +/- 0.3 micrograms/day at 1 ATA to 4.3 +/- 0.0
      micrograms/day (P less than 0.01) at 31 ATA, remaining at about 3.8
      micrograms/day until decompression. Urinary antidiuretic hormone (ADH) decreased
      from 50 +/- 7 to 33 +/- 3 mU/day (P less than 0.01) upon compression to 31 ATA
      and continued to decrease throughout the decompression phase. Plasma renin
      activity was increased by twofold (P less than 0.01) and plasma aldosterone by
      about 37% (NS) during exposure to 31 ATA. It is concluded that the reduction in
      ADH does not contribute significantly to the hyperbaric diuresis, and that the
      increased activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone is a result of other
      postulated mechanisms resulting in an increased Cosm.

PMID- 6377633
TI  - [The scientific inheritance of Professor Pierre Masson].

PMID- 6377634
TI  - [Pathology at the age of uncertainties].

PMID- 6377635
TI  - [Masson, whom I have known: my master and my friend].

PMID- 6377636
TI  - Pulsatile LH-RH treatment. Clinical aspects. Proceedings of the joint meeting
      between the Swedish Societies of Endocrinology and Obstetrics & Gynecology.
      Uppsala, September 30, 1983.

PMID- 6377637
TI  - Pulsatile administration of Gn-RH in hypothalamic amenorrhea.
AB  - The physiological and pathophysiological basis of hypothalamic amenorrhoea are
      reviewed as well as the clinical results of chronic intermittent (pulsatile)
      administration of Gn-RH in the treatment of infertility. Hypothalamic amenorrhoea
      is considered to be the result of a deficient hypothalamic secretion of Gn-RH. By
      pulsatile administration of Gn-RH, which is a pre-requisite of normal pituitary
      gonadotrophic function, deficient endogenous Gn-RH is replaced. If an adequate
      dose of Gn-RH is provided, which takes into account the degree of impairment of
      hypothalamic function in the individual case, follicular maturation, ovulation
      and corpus luteum formation are achieved in nearly every treatment cycle.
      Although dependent also on factors other than the treated dysfunction, a high
      conception rate is achieved.

PMID- 6377638
TI  - An overview of LHRH and its analogues: clinical uses.

PMID- 6377639
TI  - The role of subcutaneous luteinising hormone releasing hormone in the induction
      of ovulation.
AB  - Induction of ovulation using pulsatile luteinising hormone releasing hormone
      (LHRH) has been performed in 53 anovulatory women who had previously failed to
      respond to clomiphene. Pelvic ultrasound imaging prior to treatment provided an
      accurate means of predicting the subsequent response to subcutaneous and
      intravenous therapy and was of particular value in differentiating patients with
      ovarian enlargement due to multiple intraovarian follicles. Subcutaneous
      administration was appropriate in the majority of patients. Thirty-eight
      conceptions have been confirmed.

PMID- 6377640
TI  - Ultrasound assessment of changes in the ovary and the uterus during LHRH therapy.
AB  - Twenty-seven women with secondary amenorrhoea have been treated with pulsatile
      subcutaneous luteinising hormone releasing hormone (LHRH). Serial ultrasonic
      observations of increasing follicular diameters and changes in the size of the
      uterus have been recorded. The rate of the increase of the diameter of dominant
      follicles in LHRH induced cycles is identical to that observed in women
      undergoing spontaneous cycles. An interesting correlation was observed between
      follicular diameter and uterine size. The correlation suggests that uterine size
      measured ultrasonically can be used as a bio-assay of follicular oestradiol
      production. Uterine growth continues throughout the luteal phase of conception
      cycles and can be used as a very early sign of pregnancy.

PMID- 6377641
TI  - Infertility, megalocystic and polycystic ovaries: differential response to LHRH
      therapy.
AB  - A group of anovulatory women have been identified as being particularly difficult
      to treat with pulsatile luteinising hormone releasing hormone (LHRH). Further
      investigation shows that sub-division into two groups is possible on the basis of
      ovarian morphology on ultrasound imaging. Ovulation can be successfully induced
      in women with megalocystic ovaries and 14 of those women treated conceived.

PMID- 6377642
TI  - Induction of ovulation with pulsatile LH-RH in infertile women.
AB  - In five women who had demonstrated repeatedly ovulatory cycles with insufficient
      luteal phases ovulation was supported by continuous intermittent administration
      of LH-RH, 5 micrograms per 90 min, intravenously by means of a portable pump. All
      18 induced cycles were ovulatory. The production of progesterone rose by 75% to
      51 nM/l during the midluteal phase. The duration of the luteal phase increased
      with 49% to 14 days. One patient became pregnant, but aborted spontaneously 20
      days postovulatory. The only major side effect seen was an occasional superficial
      thrombophlebitis.

PMID- 6377644
TI  - A new generation of pulsatile infusion devices.
AB  - A selection of pulsatile infusion devices suitable for administering LHRH are
      described. The principles of operation and control options of the different pumps
      are explained, including the new compact direct-drive syringe pump. The relative
      merits of these infusion systems are discussed and it is concluded that size,
      ease of use and range of application are paramount.

PMID- 6377643
TI  - Differential diagnosis of male central hypogonadism by short-term pulsatile LHRH
      administration.
AB  - In order to obtain a clinically valuable differentiation of central hypogonadism
      (CH), 18 male patients, including 13 with permanent gonadotropin deficiency (GD),
      age 14.3-41 yrs, bone age 8.5-19 yrs, and 5 with constitutional delay (CD) of
      puberty (age 15.3-20, bone age 12.5-15 yrs) were studied. Among the GD patients,
      there were 4 with anosmia (Kallmann's syndrome, KS), 6 with idiopathic
      hypopituitarism (HP) and 3 with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH). The
      spontaneous nocturnal plasma profile of LH and FSH was compared with that during
      pulsatile LHRH infusion (5 micrograms iv every 90 min) by a portable micropump
      (Zyklomat) for 36 hrs. The pituitary-gonadal response was evaluated by
      calculating the LH and FSH slopes during pulsatile LHRH and by comparing plasma
      testosterone (T) before and after. While spontaneous nocturnal FSH pulses were
      absent in all patients, between 1 and 4 significant LH pulses were seen in all CD
      but in none of the GD patients. In all patients, mean FSH was significantly
      higher during pulsatile LHRH than during sleep. During pulsatile LHRH
      administration, significantly increasing FSH responses were seen in all KS and HP
      patients, but in only 2 of the 5 CD and in none of the 3 HH patients. In all CD
      boys (mean testis vol, 8.6 ml), T rose markedly during pulsatile LHRH (mean, from
      168 to 414 ng/dl), whereas in all GD patients (mean testis vol, 2 ml) it did not
      (19 vs 27 ng/dl). CONCLUSIONS: Pulsatile LHRH for 36 hrs differentiates CD and GD
      far more exact than was previously possible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6377645
TI  - Penile metastases secondary to bladder cancer. Review of the literature.
AB  - 73 cases of penile metastatic tumors secondary to bladder cancer have been
      collected from the literature. The cases are reviewed in regard to incidence,
      geographical distribution, age, interval between diagnosis of bladder cancer and
      appearance of penile metastases, symptoms, physical examination, endoscopy,
      diagnosis, differential diagnosis, routes of metastases, pathology, treatment,
      and prognosis. The spread of the tumor in and along prostatic nerves is
      documented.

PMID- 6377646
TI  - Metabolic response to refined carbohydrates in idiopathic urolithiasis.
AB  - The dietary habits of 139 stone patients and 20 control subjects were assessed to
      investigate the differential features, if any, of the eating pattern between the
      two groups. There was no significant difference between stone formers and
      controls, although the data for animal protein was inadequate for statistical
      analysis. In a separate study, 39 idiopathic calcium stone formers and 18 control
      subjects were studied by measuring the blood glucose, plasma insulin and glucagon
      levels following oral glucose. The insulin response was abnormal in 70% of the
      patients. Increased urinary risk factors for calcium oxalate oversaturation were
      significantly associated with patients who exhibited an abnormal insulin
      response.

PMID- 6377647
TI  - [Clinical value of the determination of beta 2 microglobulin in kidney diseases].

PMID- 6377648
TI  - Nephrolithiasis: current concepts in medical management.
AB  - Advances in renal lithiasis research have contributed to a better understanding
      of the many varied factors that contribute to renal calculus formation. Utilizing
      the newer techniques of ambulatory metabolic evaluation, we can establish a
      specific diagnosis in 95% of recurrent stone-formers. Since a significant
      percentage of initial stone-formers will never have a second episode, it is
      essential to establish the natural history of the patient's stone disease prior
      to initiating potentially life-long medical therapy. The majority of initial
      stone-formers can be managed with education concerning modest dietary
      restrictions and increased fluid intake. For the recurrent stone-former with
      metabolically active stone disease, it is probably best to design medical therapy
      to treat the specific urinary chemical abnormality or disease process.

PMID- 6377649
TI  - The bacteriology of the urine and renal calculi.
AB  - The bacteriological status of the pre-operative urine, removed calcium and the
      pelvic urine was studied in 63 consecutive patients undergoing removal of
      intrarenal calculi. The overall infection rates in the pre-operative urine,
      removed calculi and pelvic urine were 29%, 38% and 30% respectively. In patients
      with staghorn calculi, 58% of patients had an infected pre-operative M.S.S.U.,
      and 82.5% of removed calculi demonstrated significant bacterial growth, with
      Proteus mirabilis being the predominant organism isolated. In patients with
      single or multiple oxalate calculi, 17% had an infected pre-operative M.S.S.U.,
      and 22% of removed calculi demonstrated a significant bacterial growth. The
      findings would indicate that the presence of a positive M.S.S.U. in a patient
      with a renal calculus is an indication for surgical removal.

PMID- 6377650
TI  - [Clinical value of thrombocyte aggregation inhibitors during massive-dose
      estrogen therapy].
AB  - Due to an advanced prostatic carcinoma 166 patients were given a massive dose of
      oestrogen over a period of 10 days (6 g Honvan i.v.). A retrospective comparison
      of a control group of 94 patients without prophylaxis against thrombosis and a
      control group of 36 patients having received Heparin-Dihydergot did not show a
      significant difference of cardiovascular complications. Therefore, further 36
      patients received a thrombocyte aggregation inhibitor (Godamed) as prophylaxis
      against embolic thrombosis. At the same time lung perfusion scintigraphy (99m Tc
      Microspheres) was made directly before and after oestrogen therapy. Clinically
      and lung scintigraphically there was no different thromboembolic incidence
      compared to the patients given a Heparin-Dihydergot prophylaxis.

PMID- 6377651
TI  - [On the centenary of the "Vestnik Oftalmologii"].

PMID- 6377652
TI  - [Bacterial flora of the conjunctiva and their sensitivity to antibiotics].

PMID- 6377653
TI  - Skin diseases of swine.

PMID- 6377654
TI  - Skin diseases of sheep.

PMID- 6377655
TI  - Skin diseases of goats.

PMID- 6377656
TI  - Skin grafting in horses.

PMID- 6377657
TI  - Parasitic skin diseases of large animals.

PMID- 6377658
TI  - Superficial and deep mycoses in horses.

PMID- 6377659
TI  - Management of thermal injuries in large animals.
AB  - The pathophysiology and histopathology of thermal burns in large animals is very
      similar to that in humans. Burns are classified as first degree, superficial and
      deep second degree, third degree, and fourth degree, depending upon the depth of
      thermal injury. Most severe burns will produce a local and a systemic response-
      both of which must be properly treated to increase the patient's chances for
      survival. The systemic response is mainly characterized by hypovolemia, fluid and
      electrolyte loss, protein loss, pulmonary edema, increased caloric requirements,
      and depressed immune responses. The local response is one of inflammation,
      vasospasm fluid accumulation, and electrolyte shifts depending upon the extent of
      the thermal injury. In all burn cases, the total patient should be evaluated.
      There is a tendency to focus on the wound, and systemic problems may be
      overlooked. In many cases, the thermal wound cannot be accurately evaluated for a
      few days, especially in large animals. An attempt should be made to estimate the
      depth of the burn, because treatment will vary accordingly. The treatment method
      must consider several problems. These include evaporative fluid and electrolyte
      loss, protection against mechanical injury, prevention of bacterial invasion and
      infection, maintenance of body temperature, and removal of nonviable tissue while
      leaving viable germinal tissue for healing. Thermal injuries in large animals
      present several additional problems. Many burns in large animals involve a large
      surface area, which increases the fluid, electrolyte, and caloric losses. Because
      most veterinary hospitals are not equipped to control the patient's surroundings,
      extensive bacterial contamination of the burn is of major concern. Patient
      restraint must also be a consideration to prevent further injury of the healing
      wound. Many patients are pruritic, and proper measures must be taken to prevent
      self-mutilation. There is also a lack of technically trained personnel to monitor
      and properly treat burn patients.

PMID- 6377660
TI  - Submission of diagnostic samples to a laboratory.

PMID- 6377661
TI  - Diagnostic cytology in avian medicine.
AB  - Diagnostic cytology in avian medicine provides a means for better disease
      definition in the avian patient, which allows for a more specific therapeutic
      regimen. It is important that cytologic specimens are from fresh sources, since
      cells degenerate rapidly following the death of the bird or the tissue. Cytologic
      evaluation is an adjunct to other diagnostic procedures. A definitive diagnosis
      often requires information from the clinical history, physical examination,
      evaluation of samples obtained from the bird, radiographs, surgical procedures,
      necropsy, and histopathology.

PMID- 6377662
TI  - Initiation and growth of uroliths.

PMID- 6377663
TI  - Epidemiology of naturally occurring feline urologic syndrome.

PMID- 6377664
TI  - Epidemiology of naturally occurring feline bacterial urinary tract infections.

PMID- 6377665
TI  - Diet as a causative factor of feline urolithiasis.

PMID- 6377666
TI  - Urinary tract disease in cats. Water balance studies, urolith and crystal
      analyses, and necropsy findings.

PMID- 6377667
TI  - Treatment and prevention of feline struvite urolithiasis.
AB  - A diet providing less than 20 mg of magnesium per 100 kcal that maintains urine
      pH near 6.0 3 to 5 hours after eating, or a diet providing this amount fo
      magnesium (see Table 2) with 1 gm of ammonium chloride or 1.5 gm of dl-methionine
      added daily, should be fed for 1 to 3 months to dissolve struvite uroliths (see
      Fig. 1). The low-magnesium diet should be fed indefinitely to prevent recurrence,
      because struvite urolithiasis and all of its effects (hematuria, pollakiuria,
      and/or complete to partial obstruction to urinary excretion) recurs repeatedly in
      cats that have previously experienced the condition if they are returned to
      regular cat food. In contrast, if a diet low in magnesium is fed, recurrence is
      uncommon. For cats that have never been affected, feeding a low-magnesium ration
      is unnecessary. For all cats, the following measures are recommended: encourage
      exercise, allow frequent urination, prevent obesity, decrease confinement, keep
      the litter box clean, and always have palatable water readily available.

PMID- 6377668
TI  - Medical prophylaxis of feline lower urinary tract disorders.

PMID- 6377669
TI  - Perspectives on surgical management of feline urethral obstruction.

PMID- 6377670
TI  - Use of anesthetic agents in cats with obstructive uropathy.

PMID- 6377671
TI  - Adverse drug reactions in cats with feline urethral obstruction.

PMID- 6377672
TI  - Diagnosis of ringworm.

PMID- 6377673
TI  - The protective mucosal response against gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants
      and laboratory animals.

PMID- 6377674
TI  - Immunological aspects of lymphocyte recirculation.

PMID- 6377675
TI  - Microtus species as new herbivorous laboratory animals: reproduction; bacterial
      flora and fermentation in the digestive tracts; and nutritional physiology.
AB  - In a study of the possible introduction of Japanese field vole (Microtus
      montebelli ) and Hungarian voles (M. arvalis) as herbivorous experimental
      animals, the following biological characteristics were investigated: breeding and
      reproductive performance; bacterial flora and fermentation in the digestive
      tracts; and nutritional physiology. The animals are polyestrus , show postpartum
      estrus on the day of parturition, and there is little or no delay in implantation
      due to lactation, especially in M. arvalis. On examination of vaginal smears,
      Japanese field vole did not show any definite pattern, whereas most Hungarian
      voles showed 6- to 18- day cycles. From the esophageal sac of voles fed rations
      with a high fiber content, cellulolytic bacteria similar to Ruminococcus albus,
      Ruminococcus flavefaciens , and Bacteroides succinogenes were isolated. More than
      1 000 000/g anaerobic bacteria were present in the esophageal sac and the pattern
      and the types of bacteria resembled those found in the rumen. Gastric
      fermentation took place in the esophageal sac. The pH and total VFAs were much
      smaller in the fundic and pyloric regions of the stomach than in the esophageal
      sac. Acetic and lactic acids were the major fermentation products in the
      esophageal sac. Following deficiency or lowering of the cellulose decomposing
      abilities, a decrease of VFAs and an increase in lactic acid production in the
      esophageal sac were observed. These effects resulted in high glucose, FFA and
      ketone bodies in the blood, and a higher incidence of glucosuria. Diabetes
      induced by administrations of drugs such as alloxan, streptozotocin and
      phloridzin were compared using Microtus and mice. Microtus had low sensitivity to
      alloxan but high sensitivity to streptozotocin. The influence of monensin on
      Microtus was also investigated by using diets containing 20 and 80 mg/kg
      monensin. Diets containing 80 mg/kg monensin led to 50 % mortality in 7 weeks and
      growth was hindered. Gas production from the esophageal sac contents of voles in
      the monensin-medicated group was much smaller than that of the non-medicated
      group. In the monensin group the total VFA concentrations of the esophageal sac
      contents was decreased.

PMID- 6377676
TI  - Stephanofilarial dermatitis in India.
AB  - Four species of Stephanofilaria have been reported from India causing various
      forms of dermatitis in cattle, buffalo, goat and elephant. However, additional
      work is needed to establish their identity as separate species. The lesions
      appear to flare up following reinfection, while the application of a petroleum
      jelly alone reduces them. In vitro tests have shown organophosphorous compounds
      to possess stephanofilaricidal action in addition to their insecticidal activity.
      Aspects where further work is needed are indicated.

PMID- 6377677
TI  - [Experiments to replace asparagine in Sauton's medium with organic acids in
      producing PPD tuberculins].
AB  - Studied were some carbonic acids to replace asparagine in Soton's original medium
      in the production of PPD-tuberculins. Used were the following carbonic acids: (a)
      dicarboxylic saturated--oxalic, malonic, and amber acid; (b) dicarboxylic
      unsaturated--maleic and fumaric; and (c) dibasic oxicarbonic acids--malic and
      tartaric. Each of these acids participated in an equal amount as that of
      asparagine in replacing it in Soton's medium. Two strains were used in the
      experiments--AN5 and D4. Tuberculins were obtained through precipitating a
      filtrated material of cultures killed with trichloracetic acid. The tuberculins
      produced (bovine and avian PPD types) with the use of the various carbonic acids
      were tested on sensibilized guinea pigs and chickens parallel to the testing of
      standard tuberculins. The results obtained with the use of carbonic PPD
      tuberculins were almost identical to those obtained with the use of standard PPD
      tuberculins. The positive results make it reasonable to believe that some of the
      carbonic acids mentioned above may well be used in the production of PPD
      tuberculins.

PMID- 6377678
TI  - [Clinical and hematological studies in experimental Corynebacterium infection in
      sheep].
AB  - Investigation were carried out with 24 sheep divided into groups of 12 animals
      each. The first group was subjected to the intrajoint infection via the lateral
      recess of the tarsum, using 2 cm3 of a 24-hour broth culture of Corynebacterium
      pyogenes for each animal, and the second one--to the i/v injection of 2 to 4 cm3
      of the same broth culture. The clinical state and the morphologic changes in the
      blood were followed up in the course of 28 days. It was found that with such
      experimental suppurative surgical infection, caused by Corynebacterium pyogenes,
      there set in changes in the body temperature, and the pulse and respiration rates
      regardless of the route of infection. Both the haemoglobin and the erythrocyte
      count dropped, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate rose, and the latter was
      found to be due to the change in the total erythrocyte count. The intrajoint
      infection of the sheep led the rise of the total leukocyte count, while the i/v
      infection lowered it. Both test groups displayed aneosinophilia, neutrophilia,
      lymphopenia, and rise of the monocyte count, which depended on the way of
      infection and its clinical course. The suppurative surgical infection caused by
      intrajoint introduction of these bacteria set in at a slower rate and lasted for
      a longer time as against the single i/v infection.

PMID- 6377679
TI  - [Kinetic study of the antibodies in OF 1 and C57Bl mice infected with Chlamydia
      trachomatis and Chlamydia psittaci. Its application to the interpretation of the
      serological results in human chlamydioses].
AB  - The kinetics of antibodies to C. trachomatis and C. psittaci was studied in OF 1
      and inbred C 57 Bl mice, inoculated intravenously (IV) or intraperitoneally.
      Antibodies were detected by a micro-immunofluorescence (MIF) test. Antibody
      kinetics depends on many factors (genetic particularities of the mice, route of
      inoculation, chlamydial strain). The response is more specific when mice are
      inoculated with C. trachomatis than with C. psittaci; heterospecific antibodies
      appear later in C 57 Bl mice than in OF 1 mice inoculated IV with C. trachomatis.
      These results are used to explain the serological findings in 6 cases of human
      chlamydial infections. The type, species and genus specificities of antibody
      responses to chlamydial infections are discussed.

PMID- 6377680
TI  - Effect of biologically active compounds (anthracyclines and ethidium bromide) on
      some membrane-mediated processes in the course of viral infection. Investigations
      on a prokaryotic (bacteriophage-bacterium) system.
AB  - Anthracycline antibiotics--violamycin B1 and adriamycin--have an obvious effect
      on the efficiency of phage lambda L47.1 DNA transfection into E. coli Q358 cells.
      Treatment with anthracyclines of either phage DNA or bacterial cells results in a
      marked decrease in the number of transfectants per microgram DNA. On the other
      hand, adsorption of phage lambda gt WES to E. coli LE392 is considerably modified
      by exposure to anthracyclines of either the phage or the host cells.

PMID- 6377681
TI  - Rapid detection by immunofluorescence of multiple viral infections in patients
      with keratitis.
AB  - The presence of 12 viral (herpes 1 and 2, influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2) and B,
      parainfluenza 1, 2, 3, adenovirus 5) and inframicrobial (Chlamydia, mycoplasma,
      Rickettsia burneti) antigens was investigated by direct or indirect
      immunofluorescence (IF) reactions in exfoliated conjunctival cells from 110
      patients with nonbacterial keratitis and keratoconjunctivitis. A rapid
      etiological diagnosis could be obtained in 101 (92%) of the cases, parainfluenza
      and herpes antigens being the most frequently detected. In most of the cases the
      simultaneous presence of several antigens was made evident. Encouraging results
      were obtained by the application of a specific treatment based on the diagnosis
      provided by the IF reaction.

PMID- 6377682
TI  - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: experimental transmission in the guinea pig.
AB  - An experimental disease could be serially propagated in the guinea pig by
      intracerebral inoculation of cerebrospinal fluid or brain suspensions from 8
      patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). The disease, characterized by
      tremor, ataxia and convulsions, appeared after a long incubation period (370-420
      days). Microscopic lesions and electron optic features were similar to those
      described in human CJD and in experimental CJD in the chimpanzee.

PMID- 6377683
TI  - Interactions of monoclonal antibodies and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1)
      glycoproteins: characterization of their biochemical and immunological
      properties.
AB  - Hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies to bovine herpes virus type
      1 (BHV-1) were established. The monoclonal antibodies were characterized with
      respect to their antigen specificities and biological activities. One group of
      eight monoclonal antibodies precipitated the glycoproteins GVP 3 (180K) and GVP 9
      (91K), a second group of thirteen monoclonal antibodies precipitated GVP 6
      (130K), GVP 11 (74K) and GVP 16 (55K), and one monoclone secreted antibodies
      specific for GVP 7 (105K). Analysis of the immune precipitates by electrophoresis
      under nonreducing conditions suggested that GVP 3 is a dimer of GVP 9. It also
      indicated that GVP 11 and GVP 16 are components of a disulfide-linked complex,
      GVP 6. The results, obtained by immunoprecipitation were confirmed by Western
      blot analysis and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using
      electrophoretically separated viral glycoproteins. In addition, these techniques
      demonstrated differential reactivities of the monoclonal antibodies with GVP 11
      and GVP 16. The monoclonal antibodies were used to analyze the biological roles
      of these three sets of glycoproteins. Monoclonal antibodies directed against GVP
      3/GVP 9 did not neutralize viral infectivity, but most of them mediated
      complement-dependent lysis of the infected cell. Individual monoclonal antibodies
      directed against GVP 6/GVP 11/GVP 16 could neutralize virus as well as
      participate in complement-mediated lysis. The only available monoclone against
      GVP 7 did not show any biological activity in the above two assays. Thus, GVP
      6/GVP 11/GVP 16 may contain the attachment site of the virion.

PMID- 6377684
TI  - [Phospholipid content of the rat lung and surfactant during the administration of
      hydrocortisone or insulin and in hypoxic hypoxia].
AB  - After acute hypoxia (3 hrs, P-200 mm Hg) content of total phospholipids and of
      their fractions was not altered in rat lung parenchyma, but the phospholipid
      composition, changed due to preadministration of hydrocortisone or insulin, was
      normalized. After the hypoxia concentration of phospholipids in surfactant was
      decreased mainly due to a loss of phosphatidyl choline; the phenomenon was noted
      and after preadministration of the hormones.

PMID- 6377685
TI  - [Inhibitors of beta-oxidation of fatty acids (review)].

PMID- 6377686
TI  - [Vitamin D and collagen of bone tissue (review)].

PMID- 6377687
TI  - [Treatment of metastatic liver tumors].

PMID- 6377688
TI  - [Prospects of clinical radiobiology].

PMID- 6377689
TI  - [Extrapolation to humans of the results of carcinogenicity tests].

PMID- 6377690
TI  - [Nodular lymphosarcoma with transformation to lympholeukemia].

PMID- 6377691
TI  - [Mutagenic effect of the food-coloring agents tartrazine and indigo carmine].
AB  - The authors studied the mutagenic action of the food dyes, tartrazine (both
      Soviet and imported) and indigocarmine in a microbial model and in warm-blooded
      animals (linear mice). Determined the toxicity and mutagenic action of the dyes
      on E. coli, strain K-12, carried out chromosomal analysis of the bone marrow,
      examined the dominant lethals in CBA X C57BL/6 mice. The recommended daily dose
      amounts to 400 mg/kg for tartrazine and to 50 mg/kg for indigocarmine with regard
      to the safety factor equal to 100. The data derived as a result of studying the
      mutagenic activity of tartrazine manufactured in the USSR and CSSR and
      indigocarmine paste in 3 experimental models allow the conclusion to be made that
      the doses of these dyes applied in food industry are fairly safe.

PMID- 6377692
TI  - [Toxic substances in food and the degree of their harmfulness to human health].

PMID- 6377693
TI  - [Drug treatment of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (a review of the
      literature)].

PMID- 6377694
TI  - [Creation of a fund of exchange lists of typed donors in blood service
      institutions].

PMID- 6377696
TI  - [Pre-ulcer state--the initial stage of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 6377695
TI  - [Current status and prospects of enzyme therapy (a review of the literature)].

PMID- 6377697
TI  - [Bile microflora in inflammatory diseases of the liver and biliary tract (review
      of the literature)].

PMID- 6377698
TI  - [Pulmonary microcirculation (review of the literature)].

PMID- 6377699
TI  - [Mechanism of action of vitamin E and its use in patients with chronic cor
      pulmonale (review of the literature)].

PMID- 6377700
TI  - [Overall assessment of the results of intravenous and intracoronary infusion of
      streptokinase in acute myocardial infarct].

PMID- 6377701
TI  - [A glance at the history of the Society of Internists in Bulgaria (on the 50th
      anniversary of its founding)].

PMID- 6377702
TI  - [Digestive system and bladder manifestations in diabetic autonomic neuropathy].
AB  - The survey covers the diabetic autonome neuropathy. After a general introduction,
      discussing the history, incidence, histological characteristics, pathogenesis and
      some of the diagnostic methods of diabetic neurovegetopathy , some problems, not
      sufficintly known in the clinical practice of the neurovegetopathy of the ga tro 
      intestinal and excretory systems were discussed. The survey contributes to the
      more thorough knowledge of that relatively rare complication of diabetes and to
      its more effective treatment.

PMID- 6377703
TI  - [Rheumatoid arthritis and the HLA system].

PMID- 6377705
TI  - Silver anniversary of the Advisory Committee on Medical Research.

PMID- 6377704
TI  - [Quantitative evaluation of dialysis treatment. The priority of urea kinetic
      modelling].

PMID- 6377706
TI  - Cysticercosis update.
AB  - Already the most common brain parasite disease, cysticercosis has been
      increasingly seen throughout the American Southwest. Symptoms arise from
      infection with larvae of Taenia solium, the pork tapeworm. Seizures,
      hydrocephalus, focal deficits and chronic meningitis most commonly result.
      Cerebrospinal fluid eosinophilia, serology by indirect hemagglutination and
      computed tomography are helpful adjuncts to diagnosis. New evidence suggests that
      selective immunosuppression is important for the parasites' survival and that
      cyst death permits renewed host immunity, which may actually precipitate an acute
      neurologic presentation. New larvicides, including praziquantel, are being tested
      in humans; caution is indicated in assessing these drugs because of the acute
      worsening associated with cyst death. Conventional therapy includes
      anticonvulsants, steroids or ventricular drainage as needed. Prevention remains
      the best management. Person-to-person transmission within the United States has
      recently been documented and merits public health scrutiny.

PMID- 6377707
TI  - Fever and pulmonary infiltrates in a patient with a renal transplant.
AB  - This discussion was selected from the weekly Grand Rounds in the Department of
      Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle. Taken from a transcription, it has
      been edited by Drs Paul G. Ramsey, Assistant Professor of Medicine, and Philip J.
      Fialkow, Professor and Chairman of the Department of Medicine.

PMID- 6377708
TI  - Remotely controlled, implantable versus manually controlled, external insulin
      pump.

PMID- 6377709
TI  - [Selection of the immunologic test for the diagnosis of parasitic infection].

PMID- 6377710
TI  - [Antibody response to stimulation with parasite antigens].

PMID- 6377711
TI  - [Biology and clinical aspects of intracellular resistance to infection].
AB  - Normal functioning of phagocytic cells depends upon the integration of
      chemotaxis, phagocytosis, degranulation and oxidative metabolism. The
      availability of in vitro assays for the separate quantitative evaluation of each
      function has permitted the definition of specific congenital and acquired
      abnormalities of phagocytic cells which are associated with defective mechanisms
      of host resistance. The appreciation of complex and often adverse effects of
      certain systemic diseases and pharmacological agents on the phagocytes, as well
      as the use of new approaches to therapy underline the importance of assessing the
      role of phagocytic cells in states of impaired host defence. In addition,
      cellular immune mechanisms involving the interaction of T-cells and macrophages
      contribute essentially to the proper functioning of intracellular host defence,
      as indicated by the delayed type hypersensitivity reaction.

PMID- 6377712
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of co-tetroxazine in acute purulent sinusitis and acute
      tonsillitis in a double-blind comparison].
AB  - 127 outpatients, 78 with acute purulent sinusitis and 49 with acute tonsillitis,
      were treated for 7 days with a benzylpyrimidine -sulphonamide combination. In
      this double-blind and randomized study 59 patients received co- tetroxazine (100
      mg tetroxoprim and 250 mg sulphadiazine) b.i.d., whilst the reference substance,
      co-trimoxazole (160 mg trimethoprim and 800 mg sulphamethoxazole) was given to
      the remaining 68 patients b.i.d. The test criteria were the therapeutic efficacy
      and both subjective and objective tolerance. An improvement in clinical symptoms
      and signs occurred in both conditions under each therapeutic regimen. Clinical
      therapeutic success was rated very good or good in 96.6% treated with co-
      tetroxazine and in 97.1% of patients treated with co-trimoxazole. In the former
      group therapy failed in 1 patient with sinusitis and in 1 with acute tonsillitis
      . In 98.3% of patients treated with co- tetroxazine the tolerance was very good
      or good, whilst the respective figure for co-trimoxazole was only 91.2%. 6
      patients suffered from side effects ( gastric spasm, gastralgia , nausea,
      vomiting, diarrhoea) which were so severe in 2 cases that treatment had to be
      prematurely terminated. The generally good tolerance to both preparations was
      confirmed by the results of the laboratory investigations.

PMID- 6377713
TI  - [Pancreas transplantation].

PMID- 6377714
TI  - [Initial clinical experiences with allotransplantation of the pancreas].
AB  - Since 1979 7 pancreas transplantations have been performed in 8 type I diabetics.
      5 of these 7 recipients had already been dialysed; 2 were awaiting their first
      dialysis. Furthermore, diabetes had caused severe retinopathy in 5 patients. The
      pancreas was transplanted simultaneously with a kidney from the same donor in 5
      recipients; in 3 cases the pancreas was grafted 16 to 230 days after successful
      renal transplantation. 1 pancreas graft was removed immediately after
      revascularisation because of ischaemic damage. While the pancreatic duct was
      occluded in the first 4 patients, enteric diversion of the pancreatic juice was
      applied in the next 3 recipients. The first two patients were treated with
      conventional immunosuppression, whilst all the others received cyclosporin A and
      low-dose steroids. Small amounts of insulin had to be given initially for a few
      days in 2 cases, only. 2 grafts were lost due to surgical complications and 3 for
      immunological reasons. 1 functioning graft had to be removed because the patient
      was not willing to continue immunosuppression after irreversible rejection of her
      renal transplant. There was no perioperative death. 2 pancreatic and 5 renal
      grafts are functioning well at the present time. Technical aspects and problems
      in the diagnosis of rejection are discussed.

PMID- 6377715
TI  - [Value of preventive immunoglobulin administration in cadaveric kidney
      transplantation].
AB  - Transplant recipients have a high risk of infection, especially during the early
      postoperative period, due to impaired immune responsiveness. In a prospective
      randomized trial comprising 50 consecutive renal allograft recipients, a study
      was undertaken of the impact of prophylactic administration of immunoglobulins
      (Intragam) on the rate of infection. Similar numbers of infections were observed
      in both groups. They predominantly affected the lungs or the lower urinary tract.
      An unexpected result revealed by the study was that only 17 out of 25 patients of
      the immunoglobulin group, in comparison with 22 out of 25 of the control group
      were discharged with a functioning graft. It thus appears that the prophylactic
      administration of immunoglobulins to asymptomatic allograft recipients is not
      only useless, but probably also dangerous.

PMID- 6377716
TI  - [Analgesic effect of tramadol in patients with malignant diseases].
AB  - The new synthetic opioid Tramadol [1-(m-Methoxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylaminomethyl)
      cyclohexane-1-ol] was examined in 30 patients with different malignant diseases.
      An excellent or sufficient pain relief could be found in 86%. Only 14% of all
      patients did not respond. The analgetic effect throughout the day could be
      observed in most cases (92%) after the application of maximally 200 mg/die.
      Optimal or moderate subjective tolerance was found in 95% of all cases. Fatigue
      (65.8%), dryness of the mouth (68.4%), dizziness (14.3%) and perspiration (12.2%)
      were the main side effects. For this reason Tramadol can be recommended as a
      highly useful analgesic drug in the treatment of tumor induced pain.

PMID- 6377717
TI  - Cicely Saunders, MB, BS (1918- ).

PMID- 6377718
TI  - Causes and attributions of depression during pregnancy.
AB  - Pregnancy is a complex biological process occurring in a significant psychosocial
      context. Information about biological alterations in depression and pregnancy
      provides some clues as to why many pregnant women experience some of the symptoms
      of depression. Because it is unlikely that there is a single determinant, causal
      attributions may determine more of how depression during pregnancy is treated and
      experienced than focusing on biochemical correlates of depressive symptoms.
      Studies considered here point out the diagnostic confusion between the normal
      course of pregnancy and depressive disorders, and suggest interpretations and
      interventions which may be helpful when depression during pregnancy does occur.

PMID- 6377719
TI  - Falling between the cracks: how health insurance discriminates against women.

PMID- 6377720
TI  - [Monitoring of drinking water from the bacteriologic-public health viewpoint].

PMID- 6377721
TI  - ["Hereditary" deafness under fascism].

PMID- 6377722
TI  - [Changes in medico-ethical and deontologic concepts in the field of gynecology in
      first 1/3 of the 20th century].

PMID- 6377723
TI  - [Ultrasound tomography of the liver and its diseases].
AB  - The systematical ultrasound investigation of the liver includes parallel sections
      series as well as vessel oriented sonography. The border between the right and
      left liver lobe runs through the middle liver vein, through portal and bile duct
      branchings respectively, and through the gallbladder in a sagittal direction.
      Liver ultrasound tomography allows differentiation of diseased liver from normal
      findings as well as subcategorizing into diffuse, focal, vascular, and biliary
      diseases. The sensitivity for fatty liver and cirrhosis ranges about 80%. The
      differential diagnosis of different liver diseases by ultrasound tomography will
      only allow suspected diagnosis. A certain differentiation between benign and
      malign alteration is only achieved by histological or cytological methods alone.
      In comparison to other indirect non invasive diagnostical procedures like
      computerized tomography, scintigraphy and nuclear spin tomography ultrasound
      tomography appears to be of primary importance.

PMID- 6377724
TI  - [Reflections on Paul Gerson Unna].

PMID- 6377725
TI  - [Organization of a skin bank based on cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen. 1st
      results].

PMID- 6377726
TI  - Lipid antigens derived from erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium berghei.
AB  - Lipids were extracted from red blood cells infected with Plasmodium berghei, from
      the membranes of infected red cells and from free parasites. A radioimmunoassay
      was used to detect antibodies to these lipids in sera from convalescent and
      immune rats. Most of the antigenic activity could be attributed to the parasite
      although some activity was found in lipids isolated from the membranes of
      infected red blood cells. Absorption studies showed that the binding was specific
      for malarial lipid antigens. Immune sera showed no cross-reactivity with lipids
      from red blood cells of non-infected rats. However, sera from non-infected
      control rats showed low levels of cross-reactivity with the parasitized red cell
      derived lipids. Levels of anti-lipid antibodies were directly correlated with the
      progress of the infection. The highest antibody level occurred when the
      parasitaemia reached zero. The malarial lipids had no effect on lymphoblast
      transformation of immune splenocytes in vitro. However, liposomes prepared from
      either malarial or non-specific lipids caused an increased response to antigen by
      the blast cells.

PMID- 6377727
TI  - Current concepts of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

PMID- 6377728
TI  - [Experiences with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in diseases of the pelvic
      veins and inferior vena cava].

PMID- 6377729
TI  - [Changes in the actin cytoskeleton and cell adhesion during processes of
      neoplastic transformation and normalization of neoplastic cells].

PMID- 6377730
TI  - [Mechanism of the mutagenic action (in the Ames system) of polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbons].

PMID- 6377731
TI  - [Management of cysts of the facial skeleton using homologous bone
      transplantation].

PMID- 6377732
TI  - [Glass ionomer cement fillings in deciduous teeth--a practical report].

PMID- 6377733
TI  - [Attachment elements for partial dentures from a periodontal viewpoint. Practical
      contributions].

PMID- 6377734
TI  - [Oral rehabilitation with a Konus telescopic bridge of non-precious metal
      alloys].

PMID- 6377735
TI  - [Experimental studies on the surface properties of cavity lining materials after
      acid etching].

PMID- 6377736
TI  - [Microbial contamination of ABO antigens in bone tissue].
AB  - Fragments of human bones were stored in different media for two years and then
      expression of the ABO antigens was indicated. Simultaneously, microbiological
      investigations were performed. In almost all cases, different ABO substances were
      detected in putrefied and fresh bones taken from the same person. Blood group
      antigens found in putrefied bones were compared with serological activity of
      bacterium cultured from these tissues. Attempts were made to remove unspecific
      reactions. The authors assume that bacteria are responsible for nonspecific
      serological reactions, not only as a carrier of blood-group-like substances, but
      also as a source of enzymes responsible for changes in the structure of ABO
      antigens in putrefied bones.

PMID- 6377737
TI  - [Implant materials and systems in a controversy of opinions?].

PMID- 6377738
TI  - [The dentist in art].

PMID- 6377739
TI  - [Care of patients with very small mouth openings].

PMID- 6377740
TI  - [Remaking the retainer of a maxillary resection prosthesis].

PMID- 6377741
TI  - [The development of scientific dentistry in Halle/Saale 100 years ago].

PMID- 6377742
TI  - [Evaluation of new forms of crown prosthetics in practice. Results of a clinical
      cross-sectional study].

PMID- 6377743
TI  - [Use of elements for bridge prosthetics in preparation of cast partial dentures].

PMID- 6377744
TI  - [A work system for the rational design of working methods during complete denture
      therapy].

PMID- 6377745
TI  - [The technology of 1-piece casting methods for non-precious metal crown and
      bridge prosthetics].

PMID- 6377746
TI  - [Design of a resection prosthesis with a hollow defect obturator].

PMID- 6377747
TI  - [Impression material trays and models in dental technology].

PMID- 6377748
TI  - [Implant materials].

PMID- 6377749
TI  - [Our surgical heritage. Pioneers of plastic surgery in the Renaissance (1)].

PMID- 6377750
TI  - [A simple wash technic for the recovery of test pathogens in the evaluation of
      surface disinfection procedures].
AB  - Methods currently recommended for quantitative bacteriological sampling of
      surfaces usually suffer from either unreliable results (plain swabbing techniques
      and contact cultures) or high expenses in terms of material, equipment and/or
      labour (rinse techniques using sampling fluids). Therefore, a modified swab-rinse
      technique (SRT) was devised as a reasonably precise and simple alternative: A
      small amount of sampling fluid (1.5 ml), which can contain neutralisers, is
      transferred onto the flat surface under investigation; with this fluid and a pre
      moistened small cotton-swab an area of 3 cm diameter is thoroughly washed for 15
      s. Then 0.1 ml- and 0.5 ml-amounts of the washliquid are collected with automatic
      microliter pipettes and transferred and spread onto Casein-Soy-Agar for
      enumeration. In parallel experiments with contact cultures (rodac plates), the
      new SRT up to 3000 cfu per sample exhibited a linear answer to increasing inocula
      of E. coli on tiles (Fig. 1, rings). Rodac-plates proved to possess a rather
      limited span of reliable counts: above 100 colonies, increasing numbers of
      bacteria were prevented from forming distinguishable colonies (Fig. 1, dots and
      +es); thus, colony counts higher than 100 on rodac plates cannot be expected to
      be true estimates. In addition, in the higher count range the results of a
      common, simplified counting technique differed markedly from results of true
      counts (Fig. 2). Both methods were equally sensitive in detecting low counts of
      bacteria (Fig. 1, Fig. 3). Shake-rinse techniques using high volumes of sampling
      fluid provide lower sensitivity than contact cultures or the new SRT: The use of
      100 ml of sampling fluid (15) and plating of 0.1 ml- or 1.0 ml-aliquots of
      sampling fluid keeps the threshold for detection of bacteria as high as 1000 and
      100 per sample, respectively (Fig.3); nevertheless, sensitivity of shake-rinse
      techniques can be increased by filtration of the whole sample. Thus, the new swab
      rinse technique combines several advantages: wide span of true estimates since
      washliquid can be diluted for enumeration of high counts; high sensitivity ( =
      ability to detect small numbers of testbacteria in sample) since about one half
      of the sample is plated; good recovery of testbacteria from both smooth and
      coarse surfaces; simplicity; the new swab-rinse technique requires basic
      laboratory equipment and ordinary media and no shaking- or filtration devices;
      option for immediate and strong neutralisation of disinfectant residues; the
      sampling fluid can contain any neutraliser; option for automated colony counts
      since any kind of petri-dishes can be used for culture.

PMID- 6377751
TI  - The choice of fungi as test organisms in disinfectant testing.
AB  - In order to find out whether more than one test organism is needed for the
      determination of the activity of disinfectants towards mycelium-forming fungi and
      yeasts, eight different species of fungi and one yeast-like fungus were submitted
      to seven different disinfectants in varying concentrations. As Candida albicans
      was found to be the most resistant, the authors propose that only Candida
      albicans should be used.

PMID- 6377752
TI  - [Evaluation of the use of bioindicators of spore-containing soil for the
      evaluation of steam sterilization in general practice conditions].
AB  - In this publication quantitative researches on the use of so-called spore
      containing earth for monitoring steam-sterilization are described. The three
      factors necessary for medical steam-sterilization - the correct combination of
      saturated steam, temperature and time - cannot kill all the spores in their
      original earth. The surviving of single spores in native earth after steam
      sterilization is of use to the calculation of the resistance of spore-containing
      earth by saturated steam at 121 degrees C (250 degrees F). Besides the resistance
      depends on the conditions under which the earth was tested for surviving germs.
      The relative frequency of sterile samples after steam-penetration (Po) was
      utilized for the calculations of characteristic lines according to the
      transformation in y = lg ( - ln Po) The quantity of the germs killed (G) was
      exactly computed by the integration of steam-temperature and the time of
      penetration according to the equation G = fk X dt The quantities of k were
      calculated and they are discovered in Table 1. A charge of spore-containing earth
      only then will be suitable for monitoring steam-sterilization if its
      characteristic line fulfils the requirements of DIN 58946, part 4, October 1978.
      The evaluations demonstrate that it is necessary to adapt the samples of spore
      containing earth to specific conditions of incubation. The tests carried out show
      that native earth as bioindicator is well suited for monitoring steam
      sterilization by a bacteriological laboratory (Fig. 1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6377753
TI  - [Pathogen distribution in waste water sprinkler irrigation].
AB  - The spray irrigation with pretreated wastewater was investigated on the sewage
      farm of the Braunschweig Sewage Utilization Association. The emission of airborne
      bacteria was measured by means of Andersen sampler (AS), Reuter centrifugal
      sampler (RCS), and sedimentation plates (SP). There was a good correlation of
      results obtained by parallel measurings of AS and RCS. The RCS was more effective
      by the factor 11.5 than the AS sampling airborne microorganisms. However, the AS
      gaves the distribution curve of differently big airborne particulates (Table 1).
      The medium decrease of bacteria from the sprinkler determined by AS and SP was
      similar (Fig. 1). With low wind velocity, an aerosol containing enterobacteria
      was yet detectable at a distance of 60-160 m down-wind from the spray sprinkler.
      The transport of bacteria as a function of the wind velocity is given in Fig. 2
      increasing about 25 m for an increase of the wind velocity of 1 m/sec. During the
      spray irrigation, the composition of bacteria in the airborne particles is
      varying continuously. The following order of succession of die-away rates was
      found: Aeromonas, Plesiomonas, Vibrio greater than Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas
      greater than Enterobacter greater than Citrobacter greater than E. coli greater
      than Klebsiella greater than gram-positive bacteria (Table 3). Only seldom and
      under extreme conditions, gram-negative bacteria were detected in a range between
      200-300 m beyond of concentrations as they were found also in controls without
      irrigation. This result substantiates a minimum protective distance of 300 m
      between sprinkler and human settlements.

PMID- 6377754
TI  - A comparison of methods for the isolation of salmonellae from sewage sludge.
AB  - Methods for the isolation of salmonellae from sewage sludge were compared.
      Buffered peptone water and lactose broth were compared to determine their
      efficiencies as preenrichment media and temperature and duration of incubation
      were also investigated. In addition five enrichment and five plating media were
      compared together with the effects of multiple plating of enrichment broths.
      Buffered peptone water incubated at 43 degrees C for 24 h was shown to be the pre
      enrichment method of choice with enrichment in the RB 10 form of Rappaport's
      broth incubated at 43 degrees C for 48 h and plating at 24 and 48 h onto
      brilliant green agar containing sulphamandelate supplement and Hynes'
      modification of desoxycholate citrate agar. Of the 100 samples used in the study.
      96 were found to be positive for salmonella by at least one of the procedures
      used. A total of 15 Salmonella serotypes were isolated. Salmonella virchow being
      the most common.

PMID- 6377755
TI  - Cryptococcus neoformans in fecal matter of birds kept in cages--Control of Cr.
      neoformans habitats.
AB  - The occurrence of cryptococcosis in predamaged persons in whom the fecal matter
      of caged birds had been suspected as the source of infection has led to the
      present investigation. In the excreta of only four out of a total of 142 bird
      species kept by the Berlin Zoological Gardens, Cryptococcus neoformans could be
      demonstrated with the aid of Guizotia abyssinica creatinine agar: Twany Frogmouth
      (Podargus strigoides, G. Eulenschwalm); Palm Cockatoo (Probosciger aterrimus, G.
      Arakakadu); Military Macaw (Ara militaris, G. Soldatenara); Gray Parrot
      (Psittacus erithacus, G. Graupapagei). The importance of the fecal matter from
      caged birds for the epidemiology of cryptococcosis is pointed out. It is
      recommended to perform a mycological control of pet shops and zoological gardens
      to prevent the infection of susceptible persons.

PMID- 6377756
TI  - [The use of Biozym as a cleaning and disinfecting agent in gynecology and
      obstetrics].
AB  - This paper outlines the results of investigations about the germicidal behaviour
      of the protease containing substance Biozym. It has been noted, that a
      concentration of 2.5 per cent is satisfactory for a definite effect. Biozym shows
      no significant effect against yeast. By this reason it is possible to clean and
      to desinfect bacterial contaminated matters.

PMID- 6377758
TI  - Comparative studies on nutritional and physiological characteristics of Vibrio
      parahaemolyticus originating from Germany, Togo and Peru.
AB  - During monitoring of bathing areas on the German North Sea coast, 24 strains of
      V. parahaemolyticus were obtained from 32 water samples. The similarity of these
      strains to 80 V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated in Togo (patients and
      environment) and Peru (environment), respectively, was studied using 53 tests
      (fermentation of carbohydrates, decarboxylation of amino acids and utilisation of
      different C-sources). The results show a high degree of similarity among all
      strains with regard to fermentation properties (except fermentation of arabinose
      and decarboxylation of ornithine). Pronounced differences were found by tests for
      utilisation of different C-sources. A statistical computerized evaluation of the
      results revealed a closer relatedness of the German strains to isolates from Togo
      than to those from environmental sources of Peru. Additional tests for
      determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration of 11 antibiotics resulted
      in a high degree of similarity, too. Examination of 3014 faeces specimens from
      patients with acute enteric disease for V. parahaemolyticus were negative.

PMID- 6377757
TI  - [History, organization and practice of American gynecology and obstetrics. An
      overview].
AB  - After a short review about the history of obstetrics and gynecology in the United
      States of America the course of postgraduate training, standards for
      examinations, certifying competence and control of the quality of education
      organized by the specialists themselves are reported on. The purposes of the
      American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, its structure and
      organization are outlined, also its tendency, to preserve the specialty as a
      whole one and to do not allow becoming fragmentated by many subspecialties. A
      high percentage of american women chooses the gynecologists to provide needed
      basal medical care.

PMID- 6377759
TI  - An evaluation of the efficiency of enrichment media in the isolation process for
      Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
AB  - An evaluation of the efficiency of seven enrichment media for Vibrio
      parahaemolyticus was effected, by means of material collected from the corporeal
      surface of 82 marine fish caught off the Brazilian coast. On the whole, 45 fish
      proved positive, from which 71 strains were taken. Among the culture media
      analyzed the best results were obtained with the new enrichment media represented
      by two of the nutrient broth (Difco) pH 8.3; one supplemented with 2 g % of NaCl
      and 500 mg % eosin Y, and another supplemented with 125 mg % metachrome yellow II
      RD. The combination of enrichment media plus selective-indicator media
      demonstrated the superiority of the binary association of alcaline broth eosin Y
      to TCBS agar, both in the number of isolations and serotypes detected.

PMID- 6377760
TI  - Phadebact coagglutination test for the rapid identification of pneumococci.
AB  - Conventional tests for the presumptive identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae
      from culturally similar non-pneumococcal alpha hemolytic streptococci include
      optochin sensitivity, bile solubility and inulin fermentation. These tests
      require up to 24 h for completion. In this paper we report the evaluation of a
      simple and rapid coagglutination procedure that requires less than 5 min. Of the
      150 clinical isolates of pneumococci that were identified by conventional
      methods, all were correctly recognized by the Phadebact coagglutination technique
      within one minute. Forty strains of non-pneumococcal alpha hemolytic streptococci
      were also tested to determine the specificity of the method. Of these, 32 (80%)
      did not react in either the typing or control reagents, whereas 8 (20%) showed
      coagglutination in the control. The Phadebact coagglutination test for the
      definitive identification of pneumococci is simple, rapid, and easy to perform
      and interpret.

PMID- 6377761
TI  - Standardization of a model of E. coli-pyelonephritis in rats.
AB  - The validity of preclinical testing of antibiotics in animal experiments is
      highly dependent on the quality and, especially, the standardizability of the
      infection model. Some of the factors associated with standardization of the acute
      phases of infection are demonstrated for experimental pyelonephritis in female
      albino Wistar rats after transuretheral infection. The renal bacterial count and
      infection rate are correlated to the volume and bacterial concentration of the
      instilled E. coli suspension. Strains of albino Wistar rats from different
      breeding institutions show differing resistance to the infection. E. coli
      pyelonephritis establishes more easily in female Wistar rats of strain Han: WIST
      than in strain Bor: WIST. Following dissection of the animals, the infected
      kidneys can be stored for at least 4 weeks at -30 degrees C or in liquid
      nitrogen, because the bacterial counts remain constant. However, in frozen renal
      homogenates the bacterial counts fall rapidly. During the first 4 post-infection
      days the bacterial content of the kidneys is relatively constant. The period 30
      72 h post infection is especially suitable for therapeutic studies.

PMID- 6377762
TI  - [Characterization of RNA polymerase activity of highly purified preparations of
      influenza virus A/duck/Alberta/48/76].
AB  - The influenza virus A/duck/Alberta/48/76 with the antigen formula H7N3 (16) and
      Hav1 Nav2 (WHO nomenclature from 1971) (15), respectively, as well as a
      nonpathogenic virus of the subtype Hav1 were purified to a high degree by
      ultracentrifugation in continuous sucrose gradients (15-40% w/w and 20-60% w/w,
      respectively). The activity of the RNA polymerase of this virus preparation was
      determined by incorporating 3H-UMP in acid insoluble material following
      preincubation of the virus with the nonionic detergens Nonidet P-40 for 15 min at
      32 degrees C. The influence of different concentrations was investigated of
      dinucleotid, NaCl, MgCl2, Nonidet P-40 and different incubation temperatures.
      Optimal incorporation rates were found at following conditions: 0.2 mM
      dinucleotid ApG, 150 mM sodium chloride and 8 mM magnesium chloride by
      concentration of ions, 0.25-0.5% detergens Nonidet P-40 as well as a temperature
      of incubation of 32 degrees C. The data for optimal polymerase activity for the
      avian influenza virus A/duck/Alberta/48/76 are generally not different from the
      conditions described for the Fowl-Plague-Virus and for human strains.

PMID- 6377763
TI  - Frequent isolation of Propionibacterium acnes from sarcoidosis lymph nodes.
AB  - Isolation of Propionibacterium acnes from biopsied lymph nodes of sarcoidosis
      patients and from the lymph nodes or other tissues of non-sarcoidosis patients
      was carried out, carefully avoiding contamination by skin-resident P. acnes. Out
      of 40 sarcoidosis lymph nodes examined, 31 nodes (77.5%) showed a positive
      culture of P. acnes, while 38 of 180 (21.1%) non-sarcoidosis tissues revealed
      positive results, the difference being significant (p less than 0.001). Among non
      sarcoidosis tissues, the intra-thoracic lymph nodes demonstrated a positive
      culture in low percentages, while intra-abdominal lymph nodes indicated no
      positive culture. The possible role of this microorganism in the etiology of
      sarcoidosis is discussed.

PMID- 6377764
TI  - [Evgennii Mikhailovich Kreps (on his 85th birthday)].

PMID- 6377765
TI  - [Scientific activities of prof. V. V. Akimovich].

PMID- 6377766
TI  - [Epidemiological characteristics of serious meningitis of enterovirus etiology].

PMID- 6377767
TI  - [Polyethylene glycols and their use in biology and medicine].

PMID- 6377768
TI  - [Prerequisites for the comprehensive evaluation of the physiological state of
      bacteria and their populations].

PMID- 6377769
TI  - [Relation of the epidemiological characteristics of dysentery to the biological
      properties of the causative agents].
AB  - The main forms of the epidemic manifestation of dysentery induced by different
      causative agents in 1975-1980 were revealed. During these years the cases of
      dysentery induced by Shigella sonnei, biovar II, were found to prevail (82.0
      90.1%) both at the periods between epidemics and at the periods of the seasonal
      rise of morbidity. The experimental infection of white mice by intraperitoneal
      inoculation revealed no relationship between the seasonal rise of morbidity in
      dysentery and the virulence of its causative agents.

PMID- 6377770
TI  - [Determination of tularemia antibodies by an immunoenzyme method on a solid-phase
      carrier (ELISA)].
AB  - ELISA "sandwich" techniques have been developed and the optimum assay conditions
      for detecting specific antibodies in human serum samples have been determined.
      The possibility of using these techniques for the determination of the level of
      antibodies to tularemia antigens in the sera of persons immunized with live
      tularemia vaccine has been shown. Statistically significant differences in the
      level of antibodies to tularemia antigen in the sera of immunized and
      nonimmunized persons have been established. The comparative study of five
      serological methods - ELISA, the agglutination test, the passive hemagglutination
      test, the immunofluorescence test and the defined antigen substrate sera ( DASS )
      techniques - has revealed the advantage of ELISA, whose sensitivity has proved to
      be considerably higher than that of all other methods used in our work.

PMID- 6377771
TI  - [Nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria--Bordetella bronchiseptica].

PMID- 6377772
TI  - [Lymphoid tissue reaction in experimental salmonellosis].
AB  - Experimental Salmonella infection in rabbits was accompanied by
      immunomorphological transformation, starting in the ileum and the cervical lymph
      node on day 3, and in the popliteal lymph node on day 5 after inoculation. The
      intensity of immunomorphological reaction depended on the severity of the course
      of salmonellosis, and at the peak of the disease it depended on the degree of
      manifestation of intestinal pathology. The presence of salmonellae in the
      intestinal tissue, and particularly in the tissue of the ileum, facilitated the
      development of more pronounced and prolonged immunomorphological reaction in the
      mucous membrane of the ileum.

PMID- 6377773
TI  - [Significance of bacteremia in the development of immunological memory
      suppression in Shigella sonnei infection in mice].
AB  - Experiments on mice infected intraperitoneally with S. sonnei have revealed that
      the level of bacteriemia is directly related to the duration of the blocking of
      immunological memory constituting the basis of secondary humoral and cell
      mediated immune response. The transfer of syngeneic splenocytes from immunized
      mice has demonstrated that virulent S. sonnei directly affect the immunological
      memory cells.

PMID- 6377774
TI  - [Prospects for using bacteriocins for the prevention and therapy of infections].

PMID- 6377775
TI  - [Economic method of determining DNAse in staphylococci].

PMID- 6377776
TI  - [Isolation and purification of bacterial ribosomes from endotoxin using
      polyethylene glycol].
AB  - The difficulties arising in the study of the immunogenicity of bacterial
      ribosomes and in their possible use as vaccines are due to the fact that
      preparative ultracentrifugation, constituting a necessary stage in most of the
      methods used for the isolation of ribosomes, has a low productive capacity. To
      develop a more effective method for obtaining Shigella ribosomal vaccines, an
      attempt to use the method of precipitation with 10% polyethylene glycol (PEG),
      proposed by Expert-Bezancon et al., has been made. The serological determination
      of O antigen has shown that nearly contained in the supernatant fluid S-30 can be
      detected in precipitated ribosomes. Taking into account the wide spectrum of the
      biological activity of bacterial endotoxin, it must be removed from the vaccine.
      The study has revealed that precipitation by means of ethanol (15-35%), low pH
      (4,2-4,7) and PEG (4-8%) can be used for this purpose. In accordance with the
      chosen method, the clarified material obtained by precipitation with 10% PEG is
      fractionated by means of 5% PEG which causes the complete precipitation of
      ribosomes, thus leaving endotoxin in the solution. Centrifugation in the density
      gradient of saccharose and electron microscopy have demonstrated that ribosomes
      isolated by this method possess typical sedimentation properties and structure.
      The yield of ribosomes is 3 times greater than that obtained by
      ultracentrifugation. Fractionation with PEG may be used as the method of the mass
      production of ribosomal vaccines.

PMID- 6377777
TI  - [Invasiveness characteristics of the causative agent of pseudotuberculosis].
AB  - The comparative characteristics of the invasiveness of Y. pseudotuberculosis, the
      most important element of its pathogenicity, is given on the basis of the results
      obtained in testing 57 Y. pseudotuberculosis strains and 23 Y. enterocolitica
      strains, all of them recently isolated, on experimental models (the monolayer
      cultures of Hep-2 cells, the enteral inoculation of mice and guinea pigs, the
      keratoconjunctival test). The invasiveness of Y. pseudotuberculosis has been
      shown to be manifested immediately after the ir adhesion and accompanied by the
      multiplication of these microbes in the cytoplasma of Hep-2 cells and, in animal
      experiments, in the cytoplasma of the epithelial cells of mucous membranes and
      the macrophages of lamina propria mucosae. The intracellular multiplication leads
      to the destruction of the layer of Hep-2 cells and, in animal experiments, to the
      disintegration of the infected cells, the development of Hep-2 cells and, in
      animal experiments, to the disintegration of the infected cells, the development
      of erosions and ulcers, purulent lymphadenitis of the regional lymph nodes,
      generalized infection with multiple abscesses in internal organs. Y.
      enterocolitica strains under investigation induced neither conjunctivitis, nor
      enterocolitis in the animals, and in experiments on Hep-2 cells, these strains,
      having less pronounced adhesive properties, either showed sharply limited
      adhesiveness without the capacity for intracellular multiplication and
      cytotoxicity, or proved to be absolutely noninvasive.

PMID- 6377778
TI  - [Determination of the viability of Escherichia coli M17 by its respiratory
      activity].
AB  - The possibility of the determination of the number of viable E. coli M17 in
      Colibacterin by the rate of oxygen consumption, based on measuring the slow
      fluorescence of these bacteria, has been studied. The direct correlation between
      the number of live E. coli and their respiratory activity in the standard sample
      of Colibacterin has been established. The method of measuring the oxygen
      consumption rate is recommended as an additional rapid method for the control of
      the content of live E. coli in the process of the manufacture and storage of the
      preparation.

PMID- 6377779
TI  - [Properties of Escherichia coli alpha-hemolysin].
AB  - SH-reagents (alpha-ethyl maleimide, n-chlor mercuribenzoate, dithioglycolic acid)
      and hydrogen peroxide induce insignificant changes in the activity of hemolysin.
      Reducing reagents (2-mercaptoethanol and ascorbate) inhibit hemolytic activity.
      Cholesterol at a concentration of 4.3 X 10(-5) M reduces this activity by 50%.
      Hemolysin has no phospholipase A activity. The energy necessary for activating
      the interaction of hemolysin with the membranes of erythrocytes (lag period) is
      13800 cal/mol and for inducing the lysis of erythrocytes, 10 600 cal/mol. The
      above values are much less than those of O-labile hemolysins.

PMID- 6377780
TI  - [Capacity of triterpene glycosides from holothurians to stimulate antibacterial
      resistance in a model of experimental murine salmonellosis].
AB  - When injected intraperitoneally into mice in doses of 40.0-0.4 microgram,
      Cucumarioside, the preparation of triterpene glycosides obtained from sea
      cucumbers (Cusumaria japonica), enhanced the resistance of the animals to the
      subsequent challenge with Salmonella typhimurium. The study of the duration of
      the persistence of salmonellae in mice receiving the preparation in a dose of
      0.001 microgram revealed a decrease in the contamination of their organs. The
      same dose of the preparation stimulated the phagocytic activity of peritoneal
      exudate cells with salmonellae showing decreased cytopathogenic action. This
      suggests that Cucumarioside enhances nonspecific protective factors, activates
      the macrophagal system and facilitates the development of complete phagocytosis.

PMID- 6377781
TI  - [Stimulation of lymphokine formation as an index of reactivity to bacterial
      antigens].
AB  - In the cultures of lymphocytes from healthy donors, activated by Staphylococcus
      aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and enterococcal antigens (allergens) the
      formation of lymphokines stimulating the oxygen-dependent metabolism of human
      neutrophils was studied. The preparations yielded positive reactions in a wide
      range of concentrations (2-60 micrograms/ml); in experiments with concentrations
      of 2 micrograms/ml these reactions were observed, respectively, in 71.5%, 40.0%
      and 47.7% of the donors. Individual features were most pronounced when minimally
      active concentrations were used, and an increase in dosage led to smoothing out
      differences and to an increase in lymphokine production. Direct contact with
      allergens did not induce the stimulation of neutrophils. The results thus
      obtained are discussed from the viewpoint of the functional cooperation of
      different effector systems of immunity.

PMID- 6377782
TI  - [Immunogenicity of inactivated Klebsiella ozaenae cultures in relation to the
      properties and methods of culturing and preserving the initial strains].
AB  - Experiments in the active protection of mice from generalized K. ozaenae
      infection have demonstrated that the heat-killed cultures of K. ozaenae capsular
      strains (antigens 02B : K4) possess pronounced and stable immunogenic properties,
      dependent on the presence and type of the capsular antigen and independent of the
      virulence and age of the initial strain, as well as the time and methods of its
      cultivation (the type of the culture medium: nutrient agar, glucose-mineral
      medium) and storage (the term of observation is 2 years). This investigation has
      resulted in the determination of the strain (2211) with the highest and most
      stable protective properties and in the selection of the optimum conditions for
      the immunization of mice (by the subcutaneous injection of 250 microbial bodies
      per mouse) with its heat-killed culture.

PMID- 6377783
TI  - [Epineural suture of the median and ulnar nerves in children].
AB  - Clinical examination of 19 children, aged from 6 to 16 years, 3-10 years after
      applications of epineural suture to the median and ulnar nerves showed that the
      type of the suture is not always a factor determining the degree of regeneration
      of the nerve. The epineural suture is the method of choice in children in the
      absence of unfavourable conditions for regeneration, i.e. a large defect in the
      nerve and long-term postponement of the operation. In such situations it leads to
      good restoration of muscle strength and sensitivity. The outcome of an epineural
      suture is also good in moderately unfavourable conditions for regeneration.

PMID- 6377785
TI  - Strangulated obturator hernia. A simple method for closure.
AB  - Three cases of strangulated obturator hernia are presented, two of them treated
      with a new method in which the urinary bladder wall was used to cover the hernial
      orifice. The literature is reviewed and the importance of early diagnosis and
      operation is stressed. The symptoms often are nonspecific, and if surgery is
      delayed the mortality is high.

PMID- 6377786
TI  - The Langerhans cells in healed patch tests reactions, before and after oral
      administration of nickel.
AB  - Langerhans cells (LC) were studied at the light and electron microscopic levels
      in normal skin and in positive patch test areas after long-term healing before
      and after the flare-up reaction induced by oral administration of nickel. A
      number of reactive changes indicating increased cell activity, similar to those
      found in positive patch tests 72 hours after allergen application, were
      registered in the test areas. Thus, strong reactive changes persist in the LC
      system after a fulminant contact allergic dermatitis, even beyond clinical
      healing. Some cellular reactions, especially pronounced after oral nickel
      provocation, indicate that much of the LC activity takes place on a superficial
      level of the epidermis. Oral nickel administration induced, among other things,
      an intense formation of lipid-like inclusions in the LC, formerly observed only
      in contact allergic reaction to nickel. Goniometric analysis of the LC
      cytomembrane showed that the concept "spotty damage" is probably erroneous and
      that the LC are not targets of destruction in contact allergy. Keratinocytes
      adjacent to LC exhibited membrane and cytoplasmic changes indicative of
      interaction between these two cell types. Combined fluorescence and electron
      microscopic analyses of contact allergic dermatitis using long series of sections
      have disclosed a variety of reactive changes in, and an increased activity of,
      the Langerhans cell system (1, 2). In the present study Langerhans cells (LC)
      have been scrutinized for reactive changes after long-term healing of challenged
      epidermis and after oral nickel provocation causing a flare-up reaction of healed
      patch test areas.

PMID- 6377784
TI  - Comparison of systemic prophylaxis with metronidazole/placebo and
      metronidazole/fosfomycin in colorectal surgery. A clinical study demonstrating
      the need for additional anti-aerobic prophylactic cover.
AB  - The aim of this randomized double-blind study comparing the efficacy of two
      prophylactic regimens, metronidazole/placebo (n = 23) and
      metronidazole/fosfomycin (n = 26) was two-fold. First, to evaluate the need for
      anti-aerobic cover in addition to short-term systemic administration of
      metronidazole against anaerobes in colorectal surgery. Secondly, to explore the
      prophylactic effect of fosfomycin on aerobes of intestinal origin. An
      unacceptably high rate of surgical sepsis (16.3%) forced premature conclusion of
      the study after 49 patients had entered it. All surgical and remote infections
      occurred in the metronidazole/placebo group and were caused solely by aerobes.
      Anaerobic sepsis was not seen at all and the surgical infection rate was 34.8%.
      No septic complications occurred in the 26 patients (0%) receiving
      metronidazole/fosfomycin (p less than 0.01). Thus the study demonstrated both the
      need to administer an effective anti-aerobic agent in addition to metronidazole
      in colorectal surgery and the efficacy of fosfomycin in preventing aerobic sepsis
      of intestinal origin. Adverse reactions to the two drugs were not observed and
      resistance did not occur.

PMID- 6377787
TI  - Effects of increase of brain GABA levels on the hypothalamic-pituitary
      luteinizing hormone axis in rats.
AB  - The effects of increasing brain GABA levels by administration of aminooxyacetic
      acid (AOAA), a GABA-transaminase inhibitor, on tonic and induced LH release were
      evaluated in ovariectomized rats. Pulsatile LH release was clearly inhibited by
      AOAA. Mean plasma LH levels fell, the frequently of pulses decreased, and the
      intervals between pulses increased. An absence of LH pulses was seen in some
      animals. Administration of the GABA antagonist, bicuculline, prevented these
      modifications. In addition, it enhanced mean plasma LH levels. AOAA blunted the
      rise of plasma LH levels produced by either oestradiol or progesterone in
      oestradiol-primed ovariectomized rats. In contrast, the AOAA treatment apparently
      facilitated the inhibitory feedback of oestradiol on LH release. The acute
      release of LH produced by LRH injection was not altered by AOAA. The results
      support the view that brain GABA exerts an inhibitory action on LH release in the
      rat.

PMID- 6377788
TI  - Identification of human semen insulin-like growth factor-I/somatomedin-C
      immunoreactivity and binding protein.
AB  - Human seminal plasma (SP) samples have been tested for insulin-like growth factor
      I/somatomedin-C (IGF-I/SM-C) immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of SP at
      neutral pH indicated that all immunoreactive IGF-I/SM-C was present at a higher
      molecular weight than the free peptide from plasma, while in 1 M acetic acid, a
      major peak of immunoreactivity was seen at an apparently lower molecular weight
      than the free peptide, together with a peak with molecular weight about 40 000.
      This latter peak contained a binding protein which, on Scatchard analysis, was
      shown to have a single class of binding site, Ka = 1.2 X 10(10) L/mol. The low
      molecular weight peak material was displaced from monoclonal and polyclonal IGF
      I/SM-C antibodies parallel to standard preparations. Its elution on gel
      chromatography later than plasma IGF-I/SM-C was shown by re-chromatography to be
      due to physical retardation on the column, rather than a lower molecular weight.
      As acid-ethanol extraction of SP samples failed to remove binding activity,
      samples from patients were all subjected to acid gel chromatography before assay.
      The mean IGF-I/SM-C content in 5 normal men was 20.7 +/- 3.7 (SD) ng/ml while
      that for 4 azoospermic subjects was 9.2 +/- 3.7 ng/ml. A hyposomatotrophic
      subject with normal sperm density and low serum IGF-I/SM-C had an SP IGF-I/SM-C
      value in the normal range. This study indicates that human semen contains protein
      bound immunoreactive IGF-I/SM-C which is at least in part of testicular origin,
      and apparently not growth hormone-dependent.

PMID- 6377789
TI  - [Glucose intolerance in cirrhotic patients. Response of beta cells to a standard
      meal].

PMID- 6377790
TI  - Sir Francis Galton, 1822-1911.

PMID- 6377791
TI  - Enzyme immunoassay of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor.

PMID- 6377792
TI  - Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia during
      first remission: a case report.

PMID- 6377793
TI  - [A combination of methyldopa, hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride in the treatment
      of essential hypertension].
AB  - 41 patients (35 males and 6 females) with moderate hypertension were treated with
      a combination of methyldopa/hydrochlorothiazide/amiloride (M/HCT/A). In a double
      blind study the blood-pressure-lowering effect of this combination was compared
      with the effect of M or HCT/A alone. After 8 weeks of treatment, the combination
      of M/HCT/A lowered the elevated blood pressure more efficiently than the two
      monotherapies . M counteracted the potassium-loosing effect of HCT/A, but did not
      prevent the elevation of serum urea, creatinine and uric acid which is observed
      under treatment with HCT/A.

PMID- 6377794
TI  - T and B lymphocyte function in anaesthetists.
AB  - Humoral and cell-mediated immune functions of eight male anaesthetists working in
      scavenged operating theatres and eight male internists were compared. No
      differences could be observed between the groups in the numbers of unstimulated,
      pokeweed mitogen (PMW)- and Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (StaCw)-stimulated
      plaque-forming (immunoglobulin producing and secreting) cells or in IgG, IgM and
      IgA amounts secreted into the culture medium by stimulated lymphocytes. The
      proliferative responses of lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A,
      PWM, StaCw and the purified protein derivative of tuberculin, and the function of
      the hydrocortisone-sensitive suppressor cells were also similar in both groups.
      These results do not show any harmful effects of operating theatre work in
      scavenged theatres on T and B lymphocyte responses in male anaesthetists.

PMID- 6377795
TI  - [The Sovereign Order of Malta to the aid of leprosy patients. 25 years' activity
      of the CIOMAL (Comite International de l'Ordre de Malte pour l'Assistance aux
      Lepreux) 1958-1983].

PMID- 6377796
TI  - [Structure of the lipid constituents of Mycobacterium leprae. Comparison with
      various species of mycobacteria].

PMID- 6377797
TI  - [Longitudinal study of a population of leprosy patients by the TML (leukocyte
      migration test)].
AB  - This is the report of an experiment of leucocyte migration performed with BCG and
      Lepromin among three groups of people: - one group of leprotic people; - two
      groups of witnesses. The first one including people with BBS disease having not
      received corticoid treatment. The reaction against Lepromin are different, among
      the leprotic group of people from the non leprotic one. We have noticed in the
      leprotic group variations with time depending on the kind of treatment. This is a
      fact very interesting to point out. These findings should be showed right or
      wrong by other physicians.

PMID- 6377798
TI  - Desoxyfructo-serotonin: in vitro toxicity and mutagenesis.

PMID- 6377799
TI  - [Action of desoxyfructo-serotonin on Mycobacterium leprae. Results of inoculation
      of human biopsy specimens in the mouse after a year of treatment].
AB  - M. leprae, extracted from cutaneous biopsies of 4 out of 7 patients treated with
      DFS during one year at doses of 1000 to 1500 mg/day were injected in mouse foot
      pads. Bacterial multiplication was observed in each case. The purely
      bacteriostatic activity of DFS for M. leprae, previously observed in mice, is
      thus confirmed. The eventual place of DFS in the therapy of leprosy is discussed.

PMID- 6377800
TI  - Encapsulation and mouse-virulence of Serratia marcescens strain SM-1 and its
      variants in relation to colonial morphology.
AB  - With the addition to a soft-agar medium of rabbit anti-flagella serum inhibiting
      mobility, strain SM-1 of Serratia marcescens produced single colonies. Strain SM
      1 and its variants A and B exhibited three kinds of colonial form. The parent
      strain showing extra large round-type growth in the medium had the highest cell
      volume index and mouse virulence, and a large capsule was seen on electron
      microscopy. An intermediate cell volume index and a remarkably lower mouse
      virulence were observed with variant A, which exhibited diffuse-type growth in
      the medium, although no definite extracellular feature was shown. The variant B,
      showing compact-type growth in the medium, represented the lowest cell volume
      index, mouse avirulence and was not encapsulated. Mouse virulence of the parent
      strain was assumed to be related to encapsulation which protects against
      phagocytosis.

PMID- 6377801
TI  - The effect of the GABA-agonist, progabide, on stretch and flexor reflexes and on
      voluntary power in spastic patients.
AB  - The action of the GABA-receptor agonist, progabide , was investigated in a double
      blind study with cross-over to placebo. The stretch and flexor reflexes and
      voluntary power were measured in 16 patients with spasticity. 2-week treatment
      periods were used; the median daily oral dosage of progabide was 24.3 mg/kg. The
      Achilles tendon (T) reflex was significantly suppressed whereas the Hoffmann (H)
      reflex remained unchanged: the T/H ratio was thus reduced. Hmax /M (direct
      motor)max ratio and the vibration-induced suppression of the T- and H-reflexes
      were unchanged. These findings indicate an effect of progabide on the spindles or
      on the controlling fusimotor system (probably acting on spinal interneurons),
      whereas influence on presynaptic inhibition and alpha-motoneuron excitability is
      unlikely. The flexor reflex threshold was increased during progabide treatment
      and latency at threshold decreased towards normal latency. This indicates some
      influence of progabide on flexor reflex activity attributed to reinforcement of
      action of GABAergic interneurons at the spinal level. Isokinetic measurement of
      voluntary power of knee extension revealed particularly good progress for the
      fastest movements during progabide treatment, whereas isometric measurement of
      sustained handgrip remained unchanged, probably reflecting a reduction of
      spasticity without reduction of voluntary power in non-spastic muscles.

PMID- 6377802
TI  - The clinical effect of the GABA-agonist, progabide, on spasticity.
AB  - In a double-blind cross-over trial of two 2-week periods, the clinical effect of
      progabide was compared to placebo. 16 patients with spasticity in a stationary
      phase completed the trial. 14 had multiple sclerosis, 2 hereditary spastic
      paraplegia. 5 were female and 11 male. The median age was 45.5 years (range 30-62
      years). The median daily dosage of progabide was 24.3 mg/kg (range 14.3-32.7
      mg/kg). During progabide treatment, there was a reduction in spastic hypertonia
      (P less than 0.01), a suppression of tendon reflexes (patellar) (P less than
      0.01), and a reduction in the frequency of flexor spasms (P less than 0.05). No
      significant changes in voluntary power were registered. The global clinical
      impression revealed a therapeutic effect in 87% of the patients (95% confidence
      limits 61-98%). The improvement was judged as medium or important in 50% of the
      patients (95% confidence limits 23-77%). No side-effects or laboratory
      abnormalities were seen.

PMID- 6377803
TI  - The effects of nimodipine on the clinical course of patients with acute ischemic
      stroke.
AB  - 60 patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled in a prospective single
      blind, randomized trial to determine whether treatment with the calcium
      antagonist nimodipine would reduce their neurological deficit. All patients
      received a standard treatment. In addition, 29 received a daily dose of 120 mg
      nimodipine orally as 3 divided doses (treatment group). Evaluation of therapy was
      assessed with a neurological scoring system ( Mathew scale). Comparison of the
      Mathew sum scores in the standard group with those of the nimodipine group
      (analysis of variance) revealed a highly significant difference (P less than
      0.0001) in favour of nimodipine during the 4 week period of treatment. Based on
      the individual items of the Mathew scale, the level of consciousness and
      disability were significantly improved under the nimodipine-therapy. Side effects
      were of minor importance and of no clinical relevance.

PMID- 6377804
TI  - Senile dementia of the Alzheimer type: possibility of infectious etiology in
      genetically susceptible individuals.
AB  - The concept that SDAT is caused by an infectious agent acting in a genetically
      susceptible host was approached from a number of standpoints. The similarities
      between SDAT and the transmissible encephalopathies are discussed. One of the
      areas of similarity is the influence of genetic background on the development and
      expression of both conditions. Evidence is presented showing that genetics plays
      a role in many cases of SDAT and that there are known genetically controlled
      phenomena, the incidence of which is positively correlated with SDAT. For human
      encephalopathies the genetics of CJD and GSS are detailed. In experimental
      systems with scrapie, the influence of genetic control, operating through both
      host and agent, on the outcome of infection with scrapie is described. The events
      controlled include length of incubation period, type of lesions and their
      distribution and intensity. In the context of the human diseases, scrapie
      provides a model for the known human encephalopathies and for SDAT.

PMID- 6377805
TI  - Suture of fresh ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament. A 5-year follow-up.
AB  - Thirty-five of 41 consecutive patients were followed for 5 years after early
      primary suture of the acutely torn anterior cruciate ligament and repair of all
      other injured structures; three early failures were excluded from the series, and
      three patients were lost to follow-up. Twenty-three of the patients also had an
      early follow-up 2 years postoperatively. From the early to the late follow-up,
      the function of the operated knees decreased significantly.

PMID- 6377806
TI  - Primary acute haematogenous osteomyelitis of an isolated metatarsal in children.
AB  - Acute haematogenous osteomyelitis of an isolated metatarsal is a rare condition
      in childhood. Fourteen children diagnosed with this condition were followed up
      for an average of 3 years. Organisms responsible were found to be either
      Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. Growth disturbances of the
      metatarsal were seen in the majority, but the radiographic features were not
      serious in the long term, and no child was subsequently disabled. Since these
      children often present with symptoms akin to trauma, a better recognition of the
      condition is required to avoid misdiagnosis.

PMID- 6377807
TI  - Clubfoot. Review of the literature and an analysis of a series of 135 treated
      clubfeet.

PMID- 6377808
TI  - Quantitative C-reactive protein (CRP) determined by an immunoturbidimetric method
      in rapid differential diagnosis of acute bacterial and viral diseases of
      children.

PMID- 6377809
TI  - Responses of children to hospitalization.
AB  - A review is given of the symptoms following traumatic hospitalization experience
      of children and the factors which influence the way in which they behave, when
      they are hospitalized. The ways in which the hospitalization syndrome may be
      prevented are discussed, with particular emphasis on the importance of
      maintaining the child's relationship with the parents by having a liberal policy
      as regards visiting or by a rooming-in system. Ordinary school activities, play
      therapy, occupational therapy and hospital libraries may play a very important
      role in preventing hospitalized children from becoming self-absorbed. Although
      the hospitalization syndrome has been known for 30-35 years, we still have
      insufficient information about what factors make a child predisposed to develop
      such a syndrome.

PMID- 6377811
TI  - The function of parent guidance in child psychiatry.

PMID- 6377810
TI  - Plasma proinsulin and C-peptide concentrations in children with hyperinsulinaemic
      hypoglycaemia.
AB  - Plasma concentrations of proinsulin and C-peptide were measured in five children
      presenting with severe hypoglycaemia associated with elevated plasma levels of
      immunoreactive insulin (IRI) in order to determine whether the profile of
      circulating B-cell products related to the underlying pathophysiology of the
      pancreas. Results were compared with data from 13 normal infants. Four children,
      three neonates and a nine year old girl, were subjected to partial or total
      pancreatectomy. The neonates had nesidioblastosis, nesidioblastosis with a
      microadenoma, and a functional abnormality without histological derangement
      respectively; the older child had a localised adenoma. The remaining child, a
      neonate, had transient hypoglycaemia and elevated IRI levels associated with
      hyperlactataemia and hyperalaninaemia. All the children had markedly elevated
      plasma proinsulin concentrations; the highest levels were seen in the child with
      an isolated adenoma and in the neonate with nesidioblastosis and a microadenoma.
      Both of these children also had substantially elevated plasma C-peptide
      concentrations. The remaining three neonates had plasma C-peptide levels, which
      although in the normal range for normoglycaemia were inappropriately elevated
      during hypoglycaemia. It is concluded that elevated proinsulin and C-peptide
      concentrations are seen in children with hypoglycaemia associated with increased
      plasma IRI levels and that the profile of the concentrations does not provide a
      reliable marker for the nature of the underlying pancreatic abnormality.

PMID- 6377812
TI  - Somatogenic depression in children and adolescents.

PMID- 6377813
TI  - Depressive conditions in mentally handicapped children.

PMID- 6377814
TI  - [The history of childhood--for example: industrialization].

PMID- 6377815
TI  - [The only child and the first-born child, a comparative child psychiatry study].

PMID- 6377816
TI  - [Is the new research direction in the United States really producing something
      new?].

PMID- 6377817
TI  - Immunologic characterization of Reed-Sternberg cells and other cell components in
      lymph nodes with Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Seven lymph nodes from patients with Hodgkin's disease were immunologically
      studied. Histologically these cases consisted of 3 lymphocyte predominance, 2
      mixed cellularity, and 2 nodular sclerosis. Positive staining of mononuclear
      Hodgkin- and multinuclear Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells were obtained with anti-Ia
      like antigens and OKT9 (anti-transferrin receptor) monoclonal antibodies. No
      supportive data for discussing similarity of RS cells with ordinary histiocytes,
      B-lymphocytes or T-lymphocytes were obtained from the study of surface phenotype,
      although some analogy was present with histiocytes. Small lymphocytes around RS
      cells were helper/inducer T-lymphocytes, and the relationship between these T
      lymphocytes and RS cells was discussed.

PMID- 6377818
TI  - The effect of sex difference on induction of intestinal metaplasia in rats.
AB  - Attempts were made to examine the sexual effects on the induction of intestinal
      metaplasia in rats. The number and locus of intestinal metaplasia in the gastric
      region induced by 2,000 rads of X-ray were greater in the male than in the
      female. Alkaline phosphatase activity appeared in the male only. The intestinal
      metaplasia induced by stomach antigen injection in the male persisted longer than
      in the female. Moreover, the incidence of intestinal metaplasia caused by whole
      body irradiation in ovariectomized rats was significantly higher than in the sham
      ovariectomized ones. Therefore, it is likely that male sex hormones are promoting
      while female sex hormones are inhibiting the development of intestinal
      metaplasia.

PMID- 6377819
TI  - Ultrastructure of the spleens in childhood ITP with special reference to the
      foamy cells.
AB  - We examined the spleens from four patients with childhood ITP. Numerous foamy
      cells were investigated in two cases, moderate number in one case, and a few in
      one case. PAP method using anti-human platelet antibody demonstrated the platelet
      antigen in the cytoplasms of these foamy cells, which were granular or reticular.
      Electron microscopically, many platelets in various stages of intracellular
      digestion from intact-appearing forms to myelin-like materials, were disclosed.
      Enzyme cytochemical electron microscopy revealed localization of acid phosphatase
      activity around the degrading platelets and vacuolated inclusions, but rarely in
      the myelin-like materials. We suggest that the mechanism of formation of the
      foamy cells in ITP is as follows; macrophages phagocytize many platelets, exhaust
      their lysosomal enzyme, and can not digest the engulfed platelets completely.
      Thus the partially degraded platelets remain as myelin-like materials in the
      cytoplasm of macrophages, which have foamy appearance in light microscopy.

PMID- 6377820
TI  - Familial amyloidosis. A histopathological study.
AB  - Four autopsy cases of familial amyloidosis were reported. The ages of the
      patients ranged from 37 to 51 years consisting of 3 males and 1 female. They all
      complained of neurological symptoms. Histologically, amyloid deposition in
      familial amyloidosis was different in site and grade from that of other types of
      amyloidosis, showing heavy deposition in nervous and endocrine system but no
      differences were found referring to deposition in other tissues.
      Electronmicroscopically, the peripheral nervous tissue was examined and amyloid
      fibrils were found to be deposited massively in interstices of nerve fiber.

PMID- 6377821
TI  - Renal actinomycosis associated with a duodenorenal fistula caused by foreign
      body.
AB  - We are reporting a case of a rare renal actinomycosis in a 12-year-old mentally
      retarded girl. Proteinuria and hemopyuria were pointed out one year before the
      operation by an annual medical check-up and IVP subsequently performed showed
      foreign bodies at the upper pole of the right kidney. The patient continued to
      have pyuria and right nephrectomy was performed. There was a fistula between the
      duodenum and the upper portion of the right kidney. Foreign bodies (two bobby
      pins) were found in the kidney. Subsequent pathologic examination of the resected
      kidney revealed an actinomycotic lesion.

PMID- 6377823
TI  - Production of plasminogen activator in a melanoma cell line.
AB  - A melanoma cell line (Bowes) was found to produce plasminogen activator even on
      its growing phase, and the rate of plasminogen activator production was rather
      constant. The production of plasminogen activator was proportional to the cell
      number. Morphologically, no specific features for plasminogen activator
      production were seen. Plasminogen activator was observed in the lysate of this
      cell line only when the cell number was large. The extracellular plasminogen
      activator activity was higher than the intracellular plasminogen activator
      activity, suggesting the existence of a secretion mechanism for the plasminogen
      activator.

PMID- 6377822
TI  - Hereditary transmission to the F1-generation of hormonal imprinting (receptor
      memory) induced in rats by neonatal exposure to insulin.
AB  - F1 rats bred from parents treated with insulin on a single occasion showed a
      considerable alteration in hepatocellular insulin binding when newborn compared
      to controls bred from parents not treated. In females, insulin binding increased
      and in males decreased relative to the controls. Neonatal insulin treatment of
      one parent only had a similar effect on the F1-generation regardless of the
      parent's sex, but the displacement of the initially bound surplus insulin took
      place more readily, owing presumably to a lesser stability of binding on
      uniparental transmission of hormonal imprinting.

PMID- 6377824
TI  - The effect of intraarterial infusion of prostacyclin on the tubuloglomerular
      feedback control in the rat.
AB  - Effects of intraarterial prostacyclin (PGI2) infusions on interstitial
      hydrostatic and oncotic pressures and on the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF)
      control of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were studied in rat kidneys. The
      hilar lymph flow rate was used as a measure of interstitial hydrostatic pressure
      and the lymph protein concentration was used for interstitial oncotic pressure
      estimation. In the micropuncture experiments the stop-flow pressure technique was
      employed for determining the TGF characteristics, i.e. stop-flow pressure (PSF),
      maximal reduction of PSF (delta PSF) and turning point (TP), defined as the end
      proximal flow rate at which 50% of delta PSF was obtained. Non-hypotensive doses
      of PGI2 (50 to 100 ng X kg-1 B.W. X min-1) infused in 30 min evoked an increase
      in urine and lymph flow rates and a decrease in lymph protein concentration, but
      did not affect GFR. delta PSF was reduced (9.9 +/- 1.0 mmHg versus 4.7 +/- 2.2
      mmHg) and TP increased (22 +/- 2 nl/min versus 34 +/- 2 nl/min), but the PSF was
      unaffected. These changes were seen during the infusion period and during the
      immediate post-infusion control period of 30 min. Our data indicate that non
      hypotensive doses of PGI2 in some way can affect the renal interstitial pressure
      and the TGF control system.

PMID- 6377825
TI  - Effects of captopril on arterial blood pressure, plasma renin activity and
      vasopressin concentration in sodium-repleted and sodium-deficient goats. A serial
      study during pregnancy, lactation and anestrus.
AB  - The effects of captopril (intravenous loading dose of 20 mg, 1 h later followed
      by 10 mg infused during the next h) on arterial blood pressure and plasma renin
      activity were followed in 4 goats during the last months of pregnancy, during
      lactation and during anestrus. Experiments were made both when the animals were
      sodium-repleted and sodium-deficient. Furosemide and dietary restriction were
      used to deprive the animals of sodium. In sodium-replete animals, captopril
      caused a more pronounced fall in mean arterial blood pressure and a larger
      increase in plasma renin activity (PRA) when the animals were pregnant than when
      they were lactating or in anestrus. During sodium-deficient conditions the
      response was similar as during sodium repletion in pregnant goats. In anestral
      goats, PRA rose in response to captopril, but the blood pressure fall was similar
      as when the goats were sodium-replete. In lactating sodium-deficient goats,
      captopril caused a marked fall in mean arterial blood pressure concomitant with a
      2-3 times higher rise in PRA than during corresponding sodium-repletion
      experiments. The respiratory rate was elevated in pregnant animals and increased
      further during captopril. The plasma vasopressin concentration did not change
      during captopril-induced hypotension. If the blood pressure fell greater than or
      equal to 10 mmHg the animals became very quiet and occasionally they fell asleep.
      All goats delivered healthy kids. The fact that the blood pressure fall was
      marked and consistent in all animals during pregnancy, but less and more variable
      during anestrus indicates that the activity of the renin-angiotensin system is of
      greater importance for blood pressure maintenance during pregnancy than during
      anestrus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6377826
TI  - Psychosocial considerations of the premenstrual syndrome.
AB  - For many years a possible conjoint physical and psychological cyclicity among
      women has been discussed. To date there has been no biological explanation for
      psychological cyclicity. Attempts to treat negative psychological symptoms during
      the premenstrual phase by pharmacological means have not been significantly
      superior to placebo. The psychological viewpoint stresses that the repetitive
      confrontation with often conflicting material during the premenstrual phase must
      be seen in light of the development and integration of the personality. This
      process occurs by identification with the mother, and premenstrual symptoms can
      be seen as reflecting problems with feminine self-acceptance and self-esteem. The
      attributional explanation where women's negative but not positive moods are seen
      as biological could further affect women's self-esteem. Important scientific
      problems regarding the study of cyclical moods and behavior, the description of a
      baseline, the validity of self-reports and the soundness and validity of
      questionnaires often used, remain unsolved.

PMID- 6377827
TI  - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in the treatment of end-stage diabetic
      nephropathy.
AB  - The results of treatment with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) of
      24 unselected patients with end-stage diabetic nephropathy are reported. The
      total treatment time was 346 months. Six patients died, eight received a kidney
      allograft, two returned to CAPD after graft failure, six were transferred to
      other forms of dialysis and one to another centre. Five patients remained on
      CAPD. Good control of symptoms, biochemical values and hypertension was achieved.
      Intraperitoneal administration of insulin resulted in very good metabolic control
      of diabetes. In view of the unfavourable prognosis of uremic diabetics, the
      results of this study indicate that CAPD is a suitable method for treatment of
      uremia in end-stage diabetic nephropathy.

PMID- 6377828
TI  - Serum immunoglobulin sedimentation patterns and circulating immune complexes in
      IgA glomerulonephritis and Schonlein-Henoch nephritis.
AB  - Sera from 8 patients with IgA glomerulonephritis and from 6 patients with
      Schonlein-Henoch nephritis were investigated by the C1q-binding assay (C1q-BA)
      test and by sucrose gradient centrifugation followed by sensitive solid phase
      radioimmunoassay determinations of IgA, IgG and IgM in each fraction obtained.
      Abnormal sedimentation profiles were found in sera from 3 of 8 patients with IgA
      nephritis and in 3 of 6 patients with Schonlein-Henoch nephritis. The abnormal
      fraction consisted of low molecular weight IgA in 2 patients, IgG in 1 patient
      and IgM in 4 patients. The absolute level of polymeric IgA was increased in 3 of
      8 patients with IgA nephritis, but the relative distribution was normal. An
      abnormal sedimentation pattern of immunoglobulins was correlated to a positive
      C1q-BA test (p less than 0.001).

PMID- 6377829
TI  - Extrapancreatic effects of a sulphonylurea. Decrease in xylose absorption by
      glipizide in type II diabetics.
AB  - The effects of glipizide on the absorption of glucose and d-xylose were studied
      in six type II diabetics on diet treatment alone. Glipizide was given
      intravenously (12 micrograms/kg at 0 min) or orally (5 mg at -30 min). Oral
      glucose (15 g) and xylose (25 g) loads were given at zero time. Glipizide
      stimulated insulin secretion and reduced glucose and xylose levels significantly
      with both routes of administration. The suppression of xylose levels lasted
      longer after oral than after intravenous administration of the drug. It is
      suggested that part of the influence of glipizide on postprandial glucose levels
      may represent interference with absorptive mechanisms.

PMID- 6377830
TI  - Medicaid drug-event data: an emerging tool for evaluation of drug risk.
AB  - Post-marketing surveillance (PMS) of drugs requires access to multiple data
      resources covering the spectrum of drug exposures and drug-associated events. In
      the U.S., the Federal/State third party payment system for medical care to
      welfare recipients, Medicaid, maintains drug-event data by date of service. The
      FDA has explored this data for drug utilization studies, generation of signals of
      drug risk, and strengthening of hypotheses of drug associated problems. Thus far,
      studies suggest the data from Michigan and Minnesota, covering 1.5 million
      patients for 18 months, can be a useful, multifunctional tool for PMS studies.
      Examples of use to date are presented.

PMID- 6377831
TI  - [Relative biological effect of L-aspartic acid hydrazide on Pseudomonas
      pseudomallei and Salmonella typhimurium].

PMID- 6377832
TI  - [Studies on Candida guilliermondii for the purpose of obtaining the maximum
      number of protoplasts].

PMID- 6377833
TI  - [Assimilation of components of the nutrient medium by mutant strain Humicola
      lutea 120-5 during cultivation in a fermenter].

PMID- 6377834
TI  - [Immobilization of cells with steroid-1,2-dehydrogenase activity on different
      carriers].

PMID- 6377835
TI  - [Use of bacterial enzyme preparations in the production of Bulgarian cheeses. I.
      Hard cheese].

PMID- 6377836
TI  - [Use of bacterial enzyme preparations in the production of Bulgarian cheeses. II.
      White brined cheese].

PMID- 6377837
TI  - Treatment of cervical disc disease using Cloward's technique. I. General results,
      effect of different operative methods and complications in 1,106 patients.
AB  - During the period from April, 1965, to October, 1979, 1,106 patients with
      symptoms or signs of cervical disc disease were operated on using Cloward's
      technique. 94% of the patients alive filled in a questionnaire forwarded on
      October, 1980. The study revealed that 81% experienced an immediate effect of the
      operation, and 63% were in a better condition than preoperatively at the time of
      the questionnaire. It appeared that the effect of the operation 1 year
      postoperatively was independent of age and observation time, but the functional
      result and postoperative working capacity were very significantly better in young
      patients, but still independent of observation time. The result was independent
      of the number of primarily inserted grafts, cutting of the posterior spinal
      ligament or the finding of a free herniated disc. Use of calf bone grafts
      resulted in more reoperations. Primary complications were registered in 13% of
      the patients, reduced to 5% after 3 months. 3 patients developed a severe
      tetraplegia, and 6 patients died within 3 months of the operation.

PMID- 6377838
TI  - Immunofluoroscopic investigation of extravasation of serum proteins in human
      brain tumours and adjacent structures.
AB  - Forty-seven neurosurgical human specimens taken from malignant gliomas and
      peritumoural brain structures were investigated for extravasation of serum
      proteins. Serum proteins were visualized microscopically in paraffin-embedded
      material using a double layer immunofluorescence technique. Proteins accumulated
      in the tumour and in the adjacent peritumoural white matter, and were mainly
      located extracellularly. Intracellular uptake was observed in some but not all
      tumour cells, in reactive astrocytes and, occasionally, in oligodendrocytes and
      neurons. Diffuse infiltration of products was present in necrotic, cystic and
      haemorrhagic regions. The distribution of extravasated proteins corresponded
      precisely to that previously observed in transplanted tumours in cats (Hossmann
      et al. 1979), suggesting that the pathophysiology of human tumour oedema is
      similar to that of the experimental material. Since all patients were operated
      without corticosteroid therapy, the present results can be used as a reference
      for forthcoming studies on the effect of corticosteroids on peritumorous oedema.

PMID- 6377839
TI  - Tissue compatibility of different intracranial implant materials: in-vivo and in
      vitro studies.
AB  - Tissue compatibility of different intracranial implant materials was studied by a
      tissue culture method using fibroblasts. The same materials were implanted in the
      crania of rabbits for two months. Undecalcified sections of rabbit crania,
      including the materials, were stained with Fuchsin and Methylene Blue and Masson
      Goldner methods. Soft X-ray was used to detect new bone formation. The materials
      used were alumina ceramics, hydroxy apatite ceramics, titanium,
      methylmethacrylate, Sugita aneurysm clip, silicon shunt tube and lyophilized
      human dura mater (Lyo-dura). Both alumina ceramics and hydroxy apatite ceramics
      showed an excellent tissue compatibility in-vivo experiments. Although alumina
      ceramics showed an excellent tissue compatability in in-vitro experiments,
      hydroxy apatite ceramics showed less compatibility. Methylmethacrylate prepared
      one week before the experiment showed excellent compatibility, but the same
      material prepared at the time of experiment showed only fair compatibility. The
      titanium and silicon shunt tube showed excellent compatibility. The Sugita
      aneurysm clip, made from elgiloy, showed fair compatibility, while Lyo-dura
      showed excellent compatibility in in-vitro experiments, but less compatibility in
      in-vivo experiments. The reasons for the differences between the results of in
      vivo and in-vitro experiments are discussed.

PMID- 6377840
TI  - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Electro-clinical evaluation in five cases.

PMID- 6377841
TI  - [Apex denudation, a complication of apical curettage].

PMID- 6377842
TI  - [Fixed prosthesis in gerodontology].

PMID- 6377843
TI  - Methadone dose decreases and anxiety reduction.
AB  - This research evaluated the efficacy of an Anxiety Reduction program designed to
      reduce anxiety early in methadone detoxification and thereby facilitate dose
      reduction. Major outcome variables were methadone dose, alcohol and illicit drug
      use, and withdrawal symptomatology. Fifty-three subjects were recruited and
      randomly assigned to Anxiety Reduction or Control conditions, and were followed
      for 48 weeks after study start. Statistically significant differences in dose
      between Anxiety Reduction subjects and Controls occurred early in treatment, and
      could only be interpreted when initial dose and initial mood disturbance were
      taken into account. The differences were not of sufficient magnitude to be of
      clinical importance, and reflected differences in the small number of subjects
      who changed dose, rather than overall group trends. Anxiety Reduction subjects
      reported less alcohol use at treatment termination and at follow-ups, and fewer
      withdrawal symptoms at termination. They were also less likely to be dropped from
      treatment for disciplinary reasons. High initial anxiety about detoxification was
      related to minimal dose reduction in both conditions. Also, in both conditions,
      anxiety increased with decreasing dose.

PMID- 6377844
TI  - Treatment of substance abuse by relaxation training: a review of its rationale,
      efficacy and mechanisms.
AB  - The efficacy of relaxation training as a treatment for alcohol and drug abuse is
      reviewed, and directions for future research derived. Such use of relaxation
      procedures, notably progressive muscular relaxation and meditation, has been
      widespread and is premised on the assumptions that substance abuse is causally
      linked to anxiety and that anxiety can be reduced by relaxation training.
      However, the evidence suggests that such precipitating anxiety is limited to
      interpersonal-stress situations involving diminished perceived personal control
      over the stressor, and that alcohol and other drugs are often consumed for their
      euphoric rather than tranquilizing effects. Consequently, the empirical support
      for the effectiveness of relaxation training as a treatment for substance abuse
      in general is equivocal. As well, the existing outcome studies suffer from
      numerous methodological and conceptual inadequacies. In cases of demonstrated
      effectiveness, increased perceived control is a more plausible explanation than
      is decreased anxiety.

PMID- 6377845
TI  - A randomized trial comparing smoking cessation programs utilizing behaviour
      modification, health education or hypnosis.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of hypnosis, health
      education, and behaviour modification programs for cigarette smoking cessation. A
      randomized clinical trial comparing these three programs and a control group was
      conducted in 168 volunteers. Follow-up data three weeks after completion was
      available in 140 subjects. Each program showed significant reductions in reported
      cigarette consumption and serum thiocyanate levels, an indicator of long-term
      cigarette consumption, compared to entry and to the control group. However, there
      were no significant differences between the hypnosis, health education, or
      behaviour modification groups with respect to the proportion who reported
      quitting smoking, the number cigarettes smoked or change in serum thiocyanate
      levels. Reported cigarette consumption ascertained six months later again showed
      no significant differences between these three approaches. Factors such as
      subject age, age at starting cigarette smoking, educational level, marital
      status, spouse or partners smoking did not identify subgroups with differences
      between treatment responses. Thus, hypnosis, health education, and behaviour
      modification are each effective programs for changing cigarette smoking and each
      is equally effective in this regard.

PMID- 6377846
TI  - The surface-contact glia.

PMID- 6377847
TI  - An actomyosin motor.
AB  - I would like to report some results obtained by Yano , Yamamoto and myself on a
      novel system ( Yano et al., 1982) we have named the actomyosin motor in which a
      rotor with attached F-actin rotates in a specific direction, driven by the ATP
      splitting interaction with active fragments of myosin, heavy meromyosin or
      subfragment-1, in a solution containing MgATP. The actomyosin motor is not only
      interesting as a new kind of motor made of biological material but also, as a
      stream cell ( Yano , 1978; Yano et al., 1978; Yano & Shimizu, 1978; Shimizu &
      Yano , 1978; Shimizu, 1979), is suitable for the study of chemo-mechanical
      coupling by actin and active fragments of myosin. Active motion of the motor was
      observed in almost 100% of the experiments, when carefully performed.

PMID- 6377848
TI  - Approaches in the study of ganglioside metabolism.
AB  - Ganglioside GM1, 3H-labeled in the sphingosine or terminal galactose moiety was
      injected into mice and its metabolic fate in the liver was followed. After
      administration of sphingosine-labeled GM1 all major liver gangliosides (GM3, GM2,
      GM1, GD1a-NeuAc, NeuG1) became radioactive, the radioactivity residing in all
      cases on the sphingosine moiety. The specific radioactivity was highest on GM1,
      followed by GM2, GM3 and GD1a-NeuAc, NeuG1. Several neutral glycosphingolipids
      and sphingomyelin were also formed. After administration of galactose-labelled
      GM1 the only radioactive gangliosides present in the liver were GM1 and GD1a
      NeuAc, NeuG1, both carrying the radioactivity on the terminal galactose residue,
      with no formation of labelled neutral glycosphingolipids. Subcellular studies
      gave clear evidence that GM1, after being taken up by the liver, was mainly
      degraded to GM2, GM3 and neutral glycosphingolipids at the level of lysosomes. A
      part of it was sialylated to more complex gangliosides and some of its metabolic
      by-products were used for the biosynthesis of other sphingolipid species, likely
      at the level of the Golgi apparatus. All this suggests that exogenous GM1 is
      introduced in the metabolic routes of endogenous gangliosides and of other
      sphingolipids, which are operating in the liver.

PMID- 6377850
TI  - Gangliosides: structure and analysis.

PMID- 6377849
TI  - Wonders in glycolipids--a historical view.

PMID- 6377851
TI  - Trials of ganglioside therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and diabetic
      neuropathy.
AB  - Double blind placebo controlled trials of dialy intramuscular injections of 40 mg
      of mixed gangliosides were carried out in ALS and diabetic neuropathy. Forty
      patients with ALS were treated for six months and monitored with tests of
      strength and pulmonary function. No effect of gangliosides was found. Forty
      patients with symptomatic diabetic neuropathy will be treated for three months.
      Some of the data from the first 25 patients to complete the study were analyzed
      in a preliminary fashion. While no difference in nerve conduction studies was
      found in the treated group compared to the control group, there was greater
      symptomatic improvement in the patients treated with gangliosides.

PMID- 6377852
TI  - Ganglioside (Cronassial) therapy in diabetic neuropathy.
AB  - Cronassial, a combination of four different cerebral gangliosides, was evaluated
      in a six month double blind controlled study involving 25 patients with
      symptomatic diabetic neuropathy (12 receiving Cronassial, 13 receiving placebo).
      Clinically there was mild but definite improvement in the Cronassial patients.
      Small increases in sensory conduction velocities in Cronassial patients were also
      seen; their significance require further clarification. Measurements of neuronal
      responses du ischemia suggest that Cronassial may enhance anaerobic metabolism.

PMID- 6377853
TI  - Multicentre trial on gangliosides in diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

PMID- 6377854
TI  - Gangliosides--clinical overview.

PMID- 6377855
TI  - Otological significance of the round window.

PMID- 6377856
TI  - Determination of urinary oxalate by ion chromatography: some modifications.
AB  - Ion chromatography was used to determine urinary oxalate concentration. The
      minimal detectable limit in a standard solution was 0.02 microgram/ml, and the
      regression line for the standard curve from 0.5 to 10 micrograms/ml had a
      significant correlation coefficient (p less than 0.01), but it was difficult to
      obtain reproducible results with ion chromatography. There were two obstacles:
      Urine was always oversaturated with calcium oxalate, and the presence of sulfate,
      the peak of which is next to the oxalate peak on the chromatogram of urine,
      seemed to interfere with oxalate conductivity. Comparison of 4 different
      dilutions of urine showed that the oxalate conductivity was highest in the 100
      fold dilution and decreased gradually with increasing concentration. The
      conductivity of the oxalate standard (1 microgram/ml) also decreased as the
      concentration of sulfate increased. Therefore, it was concluded that to obtain
      reproducible results urine should be diluted 100-fold and that a recovery test by
      adding 0.25 microgram/ml oxalic acid should be performed on all urine samples.

PMID- 6377857
TI  - [Clinical aspects of urinary tract infection by Serratia marcescens].
AB  - A study was made of the actual status of urinary tract infection induced by
      Serratia marcescens on a total of 88 patients who were admitted to our University
      Hospital in 1981 approximately 1982, and in whose urines not less than 10(4)/ml
      of S. marcescens were found. An investigation into the background factors of
      these patients revealed that indwelling catheter, operation for malignancy and
      use of antibiotics were the major factors responsible for the infection. S.
      marcescens was found to coexist with P. aeruginosa in not a few cases. The
      pathogens were highly susceptible to ST compound preparations, DKB and GM, and
      the pathogens in only 7 of the patients were tolerant to all of these
      antibiotics. None of the patients died of S. marcescens infection.

PMID- 6377858
TI  - Radiation dose implications of digital angiographic systems.
AB  - Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) has been widely accepted and applied. The
      concentration of iodine in the vessels of interest is low in intravenous DSA. The
      resultant images can be improved to some extent by increasing the radiation dose.
      Therefore DSA could become, and possibly could remain, a relatively high-dose
      procedure. The contributions to dose from the various components of the
      examination such as fluoroscopy, positioning, test exposures, and final
      acquisition runs are considered separately. Individual segments of a DSA
      examination are discussed to show how and where opportunities arise to reduce
      doses to the lowest levels consistent with satisfactory images.

PMID- 6377859
TI  - Comparison of superior vena cava and antecubital vein as DSA injection site.
AB  - A prospective study in 47 patients was undertaken to determine which of the two
      major sites for injection of contrast material, superior vena cava or antecubital
      vein, produces digital subtraction images of higher quality. Both injection sites
      were used to obtain images of the carotid and aortic arch areas in each patient.
      The two injection sites were also compared for ease of performance of the study,
      patient acceptance, and incidence of complications and motion artifacts. It was
      determined that the degree of vessel conspicuity is not affected by injection
      site when equal volumes of contrast material are injected. No significant
      differences in overall image quality attributable to injection site were found,
      except for carotid images obtained in the anteroposterior projection; for these
      images, the antecubital vein injection site produced significantly better images.
      Vessel conspicuity was not the major determinant of overall image quality as
      judged by radiologists.

PMID- 6377860
TI  - Radiologic changes of the aging brain and skull.
AB  - Computed tomographic (CT) studies during life reveal the involutionary changes in
      the brain found in postmortem studies. Beginning about the fourth decade, gradual
      widening of the third ventricle, sylvian and interhemispheric fissures,
      superficial sulci, and basal cisterns occurs. Enlargement of the lateral
      ventricles is most striking after the sixth decade of life. Regression of the
      brain with aging is a normal process. There is marked individual variation in the
      degree of involutional changes; not all lives are identical, and the longer the
      life span the less predictable one would expect the involutionary changes to be.

PMID- 6377862
TI  - Effective communication in emergency situations. Pharmaceutical companies'
      telephone numbers.

PMID- 6377863
TI  - An evaluation of the precision and accuracy of the direct transfer method for the
      analysis of asbestos fibers with comparison to the NIOSH method.
AB  - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of asbestos on polycarbonate membrane
      filters prepared using the direct transfer (DT) method is used as a reference for
      determining the precision and accuracy of phase contrast microscopy (PCM) of the
      same filters and for determining the correlation between DT-PCM and the NIOSH
      method of asbestos analysis. Replicate aliquots of an aqueous suspension of
      chrysotile were filtered through either polycarbonate or cellulosic membrane
      filters. The polycarbonate filters were prepared using the DT method and analyzed
      using TEM and PCM; the cellulosic filters were treated and analyzed using the
      NIOSH method. Compared to the results of the TEM examination of the polycarbonate
      filters, about 50% of the fibers longer than 5 micron were detected using DT-PCM,
      which was more than 3 times the result obtained using the NIOSH method. The
      improvement in accuracy using DT-PCM is attributed to the increased visibility of
      thin fibers (diameters less than 0.1 micron). The largest variation in results
      was found to be due to the fiber distribution on the filters. This factor may be
      eliminated from interlaboratory comparisons, etc. by the use of pre-designated
      and well-defined fields-of-view.

PMID- 6377861
TI  - Medical reminiscences. Part I.

PMID- 6377864
TI  - Effects of steroid treatment on release of cardiac myosin light chain II in acute
      myocardial infarction in dogs.
AB  - The effect of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MP) on release of myosin light
      chain II (LCII) from the myocardium was studied in experimental myocardial
      infarction (MI). Acute MI was produced in conscious, closed-chest dogs by
      ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery beyond the first diagonal
      branch. MP, 30 mg/kg, was administered intravenously just before and 24 hours
      after MI. After MI, LCII levels in the serum were determined serially up to 240
      hours. MI size was determined histologically 10 days after MI. In the MP group,
      LCII levels in the serum within 72 hours were lower than in the control, and
      cumulative LCII release for 3 days decreased from 530 +/- 159 to 310 +/- 101
      ng/ml (mean +/- standard deviation) (p less than 0.001). However, the peak LCII
      level appeared later (control vs MP, 63 +/- 27 vs 122 +/- 25 hours, p less than
      0.001), and the peak LCII level and cumulative LCII release for 10 days were not
      decreased by MP treatment. MI size also was not reduced by MP (11.0 +/- 4.4% vs
      11.8% +/- 4.5% of the left ventricle, difference not significant). Since the rate
      of disappearance of LCII is rapid and was not affected by MP, these results
      suggest that MP treatment early after acute MI delays breakdown of myosin
      filaments, but cannot prevent it.

PMID- 6377868
TI  - Rapid detection of herpes simplex virus.

PMID- 6377865
TI  - Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of propranolol given once, twice and four
      times daily in stable angina pectoris: a multicenter study using serial exercise
      testing.
AB  - To determine if propranolol given twice daily (b.i.d.) or once daily (q.d.) was
      as effective as 4 times daily (q.i.d.) for treatment of stable angina pectoris,
      78 patients with exercise-induced ST depression of 1.5 mm were randomized to
      q.i.d., b.i.d., q.d. and placebo groups. All patients received 5 tablets per day,
      and propranolol groups received 80, 160 and 320 mg/day on successive weeks. At
      weekly visits, patients underwent treadmill exercise testing before the 8:00 AM
      dose and at 2 and 9 hours afterward. Exercise duration (seconds) was
      significantly improved at the final visit compared with baseline by b.i.d. (120
      +/- 36 [mean +/-] standard error of the mean p less than 0.001 n = 18) and q.i.d.
      (100 +/- 37, p less than 0.01; n = 17) regimens, but not by the q.d. (30 +/- 33;
      n = 18) and placebo regimens (27 +/- 37; n = 17). There was a significant
      decrease from baseline in the magnitude of ST depression at the final visit,
      measured at maximal common exercise duration in b.i.d. (-0.96 +/- 0.20 mm, p less
      than 0.001), q.i.d. (-0.84 +/- 0.20 mm, p less than 0.01) and q.d. (-0.58 +/-
      0.18 mm, p less than 0.05) groups, but not in the placebo group (0.03 +/- 0.2
      mm). Hourly heart rate by Holter was reduced in all 3 propranolol groups;
      however, the mean serum propranolol level was significantly lower just before the
      first dose with q.d. group (56 +/- 20 ng/ml) compared with b.i.d. and q.i.d.
      groups (146 +/- 22 and 119 +/- 28 ng/ml) with 320 mg/day (p less than
      0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6377867
TI  - Pitfalls in the use of death certificates for assessing cause of death: a study
      of tonsil carcinoma patients.
AB  - A study was undertaken to determine the accuracy of underlying cause of death as
      stated on the death certificate for patients treated at Mallinckrodt Institute of
      Radiology (MIR) for carcinoma of the tonsil. The sample consisted of 110 patients
      who were treated between 1953 and 1976 and who subsequently died; all patients
      were seen by a physician within 3 months of their death. Death certificate cause
      of death was compared with the cause of death as stated in the MIR patient
      record. Death certificates detected 42.5% of the deaths due to tonsil carcinoma
      recorded in the hospital record, and detection was found to correlate with time
      between treatment and death. Of the deaths reported on the death certificate as
      due to tonsil carcinoma, 91% were confirmed by the hospital record to be
      correctly reported. Overall agreement in assignment of cause of death between the
      hospital record and the death certificate was 59%, and was significantly affected
      by stage of disease at diagnosis. This review underscores the low reliability of
      death certificates and raises a serious question concerning the use of this
      information for patients who are registered in clinical trials without additional
      documentation of tumor extent and cause of death.

PMID- 6377866
TI  - Chemotherapy of advanced colorectal carcinoma: fluorouracil alone vs. two drug
      combinations using fluorouracil, hydroxyurea, semustine, dacarbazine, razoxane,
      and mitomycin. A phase III trial by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (EST:
      1278).
AB  - Patients with advanced colorectal cancer and no prior chemotherapy were
      randomized to six treatment regimens: A) fluorouracil (FU) alone; B) FU +
      hydroxyurea (HU); C) semustine (SE) + dacarbazine (DA); D) FU + HU alternating
      with SE + DA; E) SE + razoxane (RA); F) mitomycin (MI) + DA. There were no
      significant treatment differences with respect to response, which ranged from 9
      23% (overall 32/207 or 15%) or median survival duration, which ranged from 17
      weeks to 32 weeks. Patients treated with FU or FU + HU experienced substantially
      less toxicity than those on the other treatment arms.

PMID- 6377869
TI  - Analytic false positivity with immunohistochemistry.

PMID- 6377870
TI  - Double immunostaining of lymph node sections by monoclonal antibodies using
      phycoerythrin labeling and haptenated reagents.
AB  - Double immunostaining of tissue sections by monoclonal antibodies has been
      performed using, in immunofluorescence, combinations of reagents conjugated with
      different fluorochromes. These were monoclonal antibodies directly labeled with
      phycoerythrin (a new red fluorochrome) and haptenated monoclonal antibodies
      detected by fluorescein-conjugated second or third layers. All the reagents used
      were commercially available and the double immunostaining was easy to perform and
      allowed the design of several combinations useful to characterize T-cell subsets
      in reactive lymph nodes. The results indicate that the simultaneous detection of
      pairs of antigens by monoclonal antibodies can be applied successfully to tissue
      sections in order to investigate cellular heterogeneity in normal and pathologic
      conditions.

PMID- 6377871
TI  - Standardization of the immunofluorescence test for autoantibody to nuclear
      antigens (ANA): use of reference sera of defined antibody specificity.
AB  - Standardization of the indirect immunofluorescence antinuclear antibody (IF-ANA)
      test can be improved for a given substrate with use of reference ANA sera,
      uniform assay conditions, and standardization of optical systems. To accomplish
      this, reference sera from the Arthritis Foundation with defined antibody
      specificities for nDNA, SS-B, RNP, Sm, nucleoli, and "speckled pattern" were
      reacted with commonly used IF-ANA substrates, mouse kidney sections, KB and HEp-2
      tissue culture cells. Reagents and assay conditions used were those provided with
      the substrates in commercially available IF-ANA kits. A microscope slide with
      graded intensities of fluorescent beads was used to standardize microscope
      fluorescence intensity readings. The authors' fluorescence pattern and intensity
      results should be directly comparable to results obtained in other laboratories
      for the six antibodies for which reference sera are available. Although no
      defined sera are widely available for SS-A, Scl-70, PM-1, and centromere
      antibodies, the ability of each substrate to detect these antinuclear antibodies
      as well as mitochondrial, smooth muscle, ribosomal and microsomal antibodies also
      was tested. HEp-2 cells and KB cells were found to be superior to mouse kidney
      sections for detection of SS-A, Scl-70, PM-1 and centromere antinuclear
      antibodies. Mouse kidney sections were superior for screening of sera for the
      absence of ANA as well as for detection of smooth muscle and liver-kidney
      microsomal antibodies. Other antibodies were detected with equal sensitivity with
      all substrates and each of the three ANA kits used in the study performed
      satisfactorily. Use of reference sera as well as optical standardization is
      recommended for IF-ANA testing.

PMID- 6377872
TI  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of complement components
      on red blood cells.
AB  - A new technic using the principle of enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) has been
      developed for the detection of complement components on red blood cells
      sensitized in vivo or in vitro. Using a double-antibody technic, anticomplement
      antisera (anti-C3c or anti-C3c/C3d) produced in rabbits was incubated with the
      red blood cells, followed by incubation with antirabbit alkaline phosphatase
      conjugated antiglobulin. The amount of the enzyme fixed was measured
      spectrophotometrically by the enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrate PNPP. A
      calibration curve was made from red blood cells on which complement was deposited
      by the method of Fruitstone . The technic showed a greater sensitivity than the
      standard antiglobulin tests and allowed simultaneous qualitative and
      semiquantitative estimates. The technic can be performed in any laboratory
      equipped with the standard equipment found in a blood bank, including a
      spectrophotometer. The authors made a modification of Alsever 's solution, which
      allowed the safe and stable preservation of complement coated red blood cells for
      15 days. Significant positive results were obtained clinically using this
      technic, while negative or weakly positive reactions were obtained by the
      conventional antiglobulin tests.

PMID- 6377873
TI  - Cranial radiation in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Neuropsychologic
      sequelae.
AB  - A battery of neuropsychologic tests was administered "blindly" to 18 children
      with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) who had been randomly assigned to treatment
      regimens with or without cranial radiation. These children were all in complete
      continuous remission for more than 3 1/2 years and were no longer receiving
      therapy. The results indicated no substantial differences between groups as a
      function of radiation therapy. However, decreased neuropsychologic performance
      was found when the entire sample was compared with population norms. These data
      do not support the hypothesis that cranial radiation therapy is responsible for
      the neuropsychologic sequelae seen in these survivors of ALL. Post hoc multiple
      regression analysis indicated that parental education levels accounted for more
      of the neuropsychologic variability seen in these children than other factors
      such as age at diagnosis, type of therapy, or sex of child.

PMID- 6377874
TI  - Late-onset group B streptococcal disease after peripartum ampicillin prophylaxis.

PMID- 6377875
TI  - Primary gastric actinomycosis: a case report and review of the literature.
AB  - A case of primary gastric actinomycosis presenting as a bleeding gastric tumor is
      reported. The diagnosis of this infection of the stomach is difficult and may
      often be established only by histological examination. If the disease is
      recognized, the prognosis is good because antibiotic treatment is very effective.
      Recent literature findings are reviewed and clinical and endoscopic features are
      compared.

PMID- 6377876
TI  - Duodenal Crohn's disease complicated by common bile duct obstruction: report of a
      case and review of the literature.
AB  - A 28-year-old woman with Crohn's disease involving the duodenum and terminal
      ileum presented with biochemical evidence of incomplete, extrahepatic biliary
      obstruction. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography showed partial obstruction
      of the intramural duodenal portion of the common bile duct. Cholangiography was
      complicated by cholangitis. Surgical decompression of the biliary system and
      bypass of the affected duodenal segment were performed after intraoperative
      confirmation of Crohn's disease involving the ileum, duodenum, and ampulla of
      Vater. The patient made a complete recovery and all previously abnormal
      cholestatic liver function test results returned to normal.

PMID- 6377877
TI  - Colonic pseudoobstruction.
AB  - Isolated colonic pseudoobstruction can occur in two forms, acute and chronic.
      Acute colonic pseudoobstruction is a transient problem that is usually associated
      with systemic illnesses. Chronic colonic pseudoobstruction usually recurs or
      persists. It may occur with or without underlying systemic diseases. Clinical
      manifestation and treatment of each form is different. Therefore, these two
      syndromes should be dealt with differently.

PMID- 6377878
TI  - Treatment of acute alcoholic pancreatitis: the roles of cimetidine and
      nasogastric suction.
AB  - A double-blind prospective controlled study designed to determine the
      effectiveness of the addition of cimetidine to standard treatment of acute
      alcoholic pancreatitis and to determine the importance of nasogastric suction in
      this disorder was undertaken. Forty-five patients were randomized to one of four
      treatment groups: 1) group I received intravenous cimetidine plus a blinded
      nasogastric tube, 2) group II received intravenous cimetidine plus nasogastric
      suction, 3) group III received nasogastric suction plus cimetidine placebo, and
      4) group IV received a blinded nasogastric tube plus cimetidine placebo. Patients
      were evaluated via both biochemical and clinical parameters. It was concluded
      that 1) cimetidine added to more traditional therapy does not hasten improvement
      in patients with acute alcoholic pancreatitis, 2) cimetidine may delay recovery
      as measured by both clinical and biochemical measurements, 3) nasogastric suction
      appears indicated, under most circumstances, only in those patients with ileus
      and/or nausea and emesis.

PMID- 6377879
TI  - Corticosteroid therapy for chronic active hepatitis.

PMID- 6377880
TI  - Epidemiologic differences between the two varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans.
AB  - This report of the worldwide distribution of two varieties of Cryptococcus
      neoformans was drawn from data on 628 clinical isolates and from data on 97
      additional isolates from other laboratories. Tests showed that 100% of the
      cultures from Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Holland, Italy,
      Switzerland, and Japan belonged to C. neoformans var. neoformans. More than 85%
      of the isolates from Argentina, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States
      (except southern California) were of C. neoformans var. neoformans, the remainder
      being of C. neoformans var. gattii . There was an unusually high prevalence (35
      100%) of C. neoformans var. gattii in Australia, Brazil, Cambodia, Hawaii,
      southern California, Mexico, Paraguay, Thailand, Vietnam, Nepal, and countries in
      central Africa. These findings indicated that C. neoformans var. gattii is
      prevalent only in tropical and subtropical regions. Seventy per cent of the total
      isolates studied were of serotype A of C. neoformans var. neoformans. Serotype D
      (9% of the total) was common in Europe, but was found infrequently in other
      regions. Among the two serotypes of C. neoformans var. gattii , serotype B was
      4.5 times more prevalent than serotype C. The majority (88%) of type C isolates
      in our collection were from southern California.

PMID- 6377881
TI  - Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - Previous studies on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and fluid volumes in
      patients with nephrotic syndrome have not considered the nature of the underlying
      renal lesion. We compared plasma renin concentration (PRC), plasma aldosterone
      (PA), and plasma volume in three groups of patients: five nephrotic patients with
      minimal change disease on renal biopsy, seven nephrotic patients with other renal
      histopathology, and a control group of eight patients investigated for
      glomerulonephritis with no past or present nephrosis. PRC and PA were
      significantly greater in nephrotic patients with minimal change disease than
      other renal histopathology (Supine PRC 42 +/- 7 microIU/mL compared with 14 +/-
      4, P less than 0.01; ambulant PRC 56 +/- 7 microIU/mL compared with 29 +/- 10, P
      less than 0.05; supine PA 158 +/- 55 pg/mL compared with 53 +/- 13, P less than
      0.05; and ambulant PA 167 +/- 57 pg/mL compared with 29 +/- 10, P less than 0.05.
      Plasma volume was similar in all three groups, contrary to predictions from the
      Starling capillary fluid exchange hypothesis. Nephrosis may be characterized by
      different pathophysiologic groups according to the underlying renal
      histopathology. High plasma renin and aldosterone levels may be markers for
      minimal change disease.

PMID- 6377882
TI  - The pharmacokinetics of antibiotics used to treat peritoneal dialysis-associated
      peritonitis.
AB  - Antibiotics continue to be used frequently to treat CAPD-associated peritonitis.
      Selection of appropriate antibiotic doses and routes of administration has been
      based largely upon clinical experience. Early pharmacokinetic studies utilized
      patients being treated with IPD. The relevance of these studies to CAPD remains
      unknown. Little information exists on the effects of peritonitis on peritoneal
      drug transport. Until the effects of peritonitis during CAPD are better
      understood, pharmacokinetic data will be of limited value in designing specific
      treatment recommendations for this common complication of peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 6377883
TI  - Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism in two patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus.
AB  - Two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and hyperkalemia were
      studied. The hyperkalemia was disproportionate to the degree of renal excretory
      impairment. The usual causes of hyperkalemia were excluded. Basal levels of
      plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone (PAC) were low. The responses
      of PRA and plasma aldosterone to the combined stimulus of ambulation and
      furosemide were blunted. Plasma levels of 18-hydroxycorticosterone (18-OH-B) were
      normal. The hyperkalemia in both patients could be attributed to hyporeninemic
      hypoaldosteronism (HH). In one patient, the hyperkalemia was corrected by the
      administration of fludrocortisone. In the second patient, treatment of lupus
      nephritis with azathioprine, prednisone, and plasmapheresis normalized both the
      serum creatinine and the serum potassium.

PMID- 6377884
TI  - Effect of variations in dialysate temperature on blood pressure during
      hemodialysis.
AB  - The effect on BP of alteration in dialysate temperature was studied in 150
      hemodialysis treatments in 17 patients using a randomized, double-blind protocol.
      Each patient was treated using dialysate at 35.6 degrees C, 36.7 degrees C, and
      37.8 degrees C. Mean BP during 35.6 degrees C dialysis was significantly higher
      than during 36.7 degrees C or 37.8 degrees C treatments. Symptomatic hypotensive
      episodes were more frequent at a dialysate temperature of 37.8 degrees C than
      during use of cooler dialysates. Modest changes in dialysate temperature thus
      appear to affect BP during hemodialysis. Dialysate cooler than that routinely
      employed has a beneficial effect while warmer dialysate has a detrimental one on
      intradialytic BP. The use of dialysate at least 1 degree C cooler than
      "isothermic" levels may be appropriate.

PMID- 6377885
TI  - Organophosphate and carbamate pesticide poisoning: the usefulness of a
      computerized clinical information system.
AB  - Organophosphate (OP) and carbamate poisoning are still a worldwide health problem
      causing numerous fatalities in humans. Physicians who have no clinical
      toxicological experience with these compounds may have difficulties in promptly
      identifying the etiologic agent and managing the acute phase of the poisoning. We
      describe the potential use of a computerized medical information system that
      includes clinical data on 236 cases of OP and carbamate poisoning, and may
      improve the management of such poisoning. The methods of constructing the system,
      the first results of using the system, and the medical institutions that can
      benefit from such systems are discussed.

PMID- 6377886
TI  - Conceptual dilemmas in the classification of vasodilator drugs for severe chronic
      heart failure. Advocacy of a pragmatic approach to the selection of a therapeutic
      agent.
AB  - Two distinct systems of classifying vasodilator drugs have been developed over
      the past decade in an attempt to guide the choice of a therapeutic agent for the
      patient with severe heart failure, but the merits and utility of these systems
      have not been critically evaluated. Vasodilator drugs may be categorized
      according to their peripheral site of action: an agent may exert its effects
      preferentially on systemic arteries, systemic veins, or on both circulations.
      However, changes in the peripheral circulation cannot be directly translated into
      an improvement in central hemodynamic variables; furthermore, immediate
      hemodynamic responses may not be predictive of long-term clinical efficacy.
      Hence, there is no evidence that characterization of patients into hemodynamic
      subsets determined by the findings of right heart catheterization improves the
      clinical outcome of vasodilator therapy in chronic heart failure. An alternative
      classification system groups vasodilator drugs according to their mechanism of
      action: an agent may possess direct vasodilating effects or may exert its actions
      via selective neurohumoral inhibition. However, attempts to identify patients who
      might be most responsive to neurohumoral antagonism by measuring plasma renin
      activity or circulating levels of catecholamines before treatment have not been
      successful in predicting the clinical responses to therapy. Because neither
      system of drug classification provides the clinician with useful therapeutic
      guidelines, patients with severe heart failure appear to be best managed using a
      pragmatic approach in which specific drugs that produce predictable therapeutic
      benefits with a low frequency of side effects are utilized preferentially. Among
      presently available vasodilator agents, only captopril and oral isosorbide
      dinitrate have been shown to produce consistent hemodynamic and clinical
      improvement with an acceptable degree of adverse reactions.

PMID- 6377887
TI  - Panic disorder and somatization. Review of 55 cases.
AB  - A retrospective study of 55 patients with panic disorder referred for psychiatric
      consultation by primary care physicians is presented. Eighty-nine percent of the
      patients initially presented with one or two somatic complaints, and misdiagnosis
      often continued for months or years. The three most common presentations were
      cardiac symptoms (chest pain, tachycardia, irregular heart beat),
      gastrointestinal symptoms (especially epigastric distress), and neurologic
      symptoms (headache, dizziness/vertigo, syncope, or paresthesias). Eighty-one
      percent of patients had a presenting pain complaint. Hypertension and peptic
      ulcer were the most common medical diagnoses, and depression and alcoholism the
      most frequently associated psychiatric diagnoses.

PMID- 6377888
TI  - Polyglandular autoimmune syndromes.
AB  - One of the basic caveats in endocrinology is that glandular abnormalities tend to
      occur together. Continued suspicion of other glandular hypofunction should be
      maintained in following patients with any type of endocrine gland hypofunction,
      since the risk of multiple glandular involvement is significant. Family members
      should be alerted to the high prevalence of endocrinopathies especially among
      first-degree relatives of patients with polyglandular autoimmune disease.
      Parameters such as antiorgan antibodies, although occasionally helpful, have not
      been shown to be consistently useful in predicting the future development of
      clinical organ-specific autoimmune disease. HLA typing remains a research tool at
      this time, as does evaluation of humoral and cell-mediated immunity.

PMID- 6377889
TI  - Mott cells in a patient with a lymphoproliferative disorder. Differentiation of a
      clone of B lymphocytes into Mott cells.
AB  - An unusual lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by diffuse infiltration of
      the bone marrow by lymphocytes and Mott cells without other organ involvement is
      described. The clinical course was remarkable for a spontaneous remission. The
      cells infiltrating the bone marrow were predominantly lymphocytes and Mott cells.
      The lymphocytes stained exclusively for membrane IgM-kappa by immunofluorescence,
      and the Mott cells contained typical Russell bodies staining in a rim pattern for
      IgM-kappa. These findings suggested that the lymphocytes were differentiating
      into Mott cells. This was demonstrated in vitro by stimulating peripheral blood
      lymphocytes with mitogens. Differentiation of B lymphocytes into Mott cells
      containing IgM-kappa was observed. These appeared to be identical to the Mott
      cells found in the marrow. The Mott cells were probably nonsecretory because of
      the absence of a monoclonal serum immunoglobulin. Electron microscopic studies
      showed that the electron-dense cytoplasmic inclusions resembled Russell bodies.
      This case probably represents an expanded clone of B lymphocytes with
      demonstrable in vivo and in vitro differentiation into Mott cells.

PMID- 6377890
TI  - Streptococcal lymphadenitis in homosexual men with chronic lymphadenopathy.
AB  - Lymphadenopathy is an important clinical problem in homosexual men. Over a period
      of 10 months, three homosexual patients were treated for chronic lymphadenopathy
      and spontaneous lymphadenitis of the inguinal lymph nodes. All patients presented
      with fever, chills, and rapidly enlarging inguinal masses. In each case, cultures
      showed group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. None of the patients had an obvious
      portal of entry for infection, and all had responses to penicillin and surgical
      drainage. Streptococcal lymphadenitis should be considered in any homosexual man
      with chronic lymphadenopathy in whom rapidly enlarging inguinal nodes develop.

PMID- 6377891
TI  - Caffeine and hypertension.
AB  - The effect of prolonged caffeine administration on blood pressure in hypertensive
      subjects was assessed in a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Eighteen
      hypertensive subjects participated, nine of whom received placebo throughout the
      study and nine of whom received placebo during the first three days, caffeine
      during the subsequent seven days, and placebo during the final four days of the
      two-week study. Those who received caffeine were given 250 mg with meals three
      times daily. There were no untoward reactions in the course of the study, but one
      subject with unacceptably high blood pressures while receiving placebo had to be
      discharged from the study to resume antihypertensive therapy. Systolic blood
      pressure was immediately increased (9.2 +/- 3.4 mm Hg) within 15 minutes after
      the first dose of 250 mg of caffeine. On the first day of caffeine, systolic
      pressure was increased a mean of 7.3 +/- 4.0 mm Hg, but this was no longer
      significant after the initial day of caffeine administration. Diastolic pressure
      showed a trend toward increasing, but this never reached significance. The minor
      increases in plasma catecholamine levels and plasma renin activity were not
      significant on either a short- or long-term basis. After discontinuation of
      caffeine, no overshoot phenomena were observed. It is concluded that prolonged
      administration of caffeine is not associated with significant elevation in blood
      pressure, plasma catecholamine levels, or plasma renin activity in patients with
      borderline hypertension.

PMID- 6377892
TI  - Effects of caloric restriction and weight loss on glycemic control, insulin
      release and resistance, and atherosclerotic risk in obese patients with type II
      diabetes mellitus.
AB  - This study was designed to determine: (1) the effectiveness and safety of protein
      sparing fast and gastric bypass surgery for achieving weight reduction in obese
      patients with type II diabetes mellitus (non-insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus); (2) the effects of these interventions on glycemic control; (3) the
      effects of weight loss on insulin secretion and action; and (4) the effects of
      treatment on atherosclerotic risk factors. Six patients consumed only a protein
      supplement (1.4 g/kg ideal body weight) for up to six months until a final weight
      below 120 percent of ideal body weight was achieved or weight loss ceased. Six
      patients underwent gastric bypass surgery. Both groups of patients were studied
      before and after treatment while consuming a balanced weight-maintaining diet.
      Both protein-sparing fast and gastric bypass surgery were safe and successful in
      the short term in producing weight loss. Both treatments improved glycemic
      control. Mean fasting plasma glucose values fell from 287 to 168 mg/dl (p less
      than 0.01). Mean total glycosylated hemoglobin values declined from 11.9 to 8.2
      percent (p less than 0.01) (normal reference interval 5.85 to 8.85 percent).
      Patients who achieved a final weight below 125 percent of ideal body weight had
      significantly better post-treatment fasting plasma glucose values (130 versus 196
      mg/dl, p less than 0.05) and total glycosylated hemoglobin values (6.8 versus
      9.0, p less than 0.02) than those whose weight remained above 125 percent of
      ideal. In diet-treated patients, improved glycemic control occurred with caloric
      restriction alone prior to significant weight loss. Improved glycemic control was
      accompanied by decreased insulin resistance. Mean steady-state plasma glucose
      values fell from 377 to 208 mg/dl (p less than 0.008), and mean fasting insulin
      values fell from 31.0 to 17.0 microU/ml (p less than 0.004). Acute-phase insulin
      release, which was markedly impaired before treatment, did not improve even in
      patients who had post-treatment fasting plasma glucose values below 130 mg/dl.
      Significant improvements in atherosclerotic risk factors occurred. Mean high
      density lipoprotein cholesterol values increased from 33.8 to 40.5 mg/dl (0.006
      less than p less than 0.008), and factor VIII coagulant activity decreased from
      194 to 140 percent (p less than 0.005). Serum fibrinogen also decreased (393 to
      347 mg/dl, p = 0.08), although the decrease did not reach clinical
      significance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6377893
TI  - Central nervous system infections associated with hereditary hemorrhagic
      telangiectasia.
AB  - The clinical courses of 31 episodes of brain abscess and one episode of
      meningitis occurring in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia are
      reviewed. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations were demonstrable in all but two
      patients and presumably permitted septic microemboli to evade the normal
      pulmonary capillary filter and lodge in the brain. Obtundation, headache, visual
      disturbances, hemiplegia, and seizures were the most common presenting features.
      Cyanosis, clubbing, polycythemia, and hypoxemia were routinely encountered, but
      leukocytosis and fever were present in a minority of cases, and all blood
      cultures were sterile. Anaerobic and microaerophilic streptococci were the
      commonest pathogens found in the brain abscesses. Thirteen patients died, and
      patients without abscess drainage or with delayed diagnosis had a higher
      mortality rate. A brain abscess may develop in approximately 1 percent of
      patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, and awareness of this risk
      should lead to early investigation of any patient with hereditary hemorrhagic
      telangiectasia who has neurologic symptoms.

PMID- 6377894
TI  - Benefits versus risks in conservation surgery with irradiation for breast cancer.
AB  - This report analyzes the survival and complications inherent in the conventional
      treatment of breast cancer, radical mastectomy, and the more conservative
      procedure, conservation surgery with irradiation. Both procedures have benefits
      and risks. The benefits as measured by survivorship appear to be approximately
      the same. The major benefit of conservation surgery with irradiation is that the
      breast is left intact. The possible complication of irradiation carcinogenesis is
      addressed, and the literature analyzed. This review indicates that the absolute
      risk of breast cancer developing in the second breast is not nearly as great as
      originally thought. It is concluded that if a woman with breast cancer is a
      candidate for either mastectomy or the conservative procedure, it is the
      clinician's obligation to objectively present the evidence regarding the benefits
      and risks of these procedures.

PMID- 6377895
TI  - The dynamics of quantifiable homeostasis. III: a linear model of certain metrical
      diseases.
AB  - A generalization of the linear, lagged, homeostatic process shows that whether a
      displacement of the trait function dies out with time, continues indefinitely, or
      shows a steadily amplifying (wild) oscillation depends on the value assumed by
      the product of the lag time and the restoration constant. Moreover, it is shown
      that if a steady displacing force is used rather than an instantaneous
      displacement, a new homing value results which is given by the ratio of the
      displacing force to the restoration coefficient. Combining these two developments
      furnishes grounds for determining whether or not an overshoot will occur when
      administration of a drug is stopped (for instance, the rebound thrombosis on
      discontinuing heparin). Further developments of these ideas show how the diabetes
      that begins in mature patients can be wholly accounted for by the well-known
      prolongation of the lag in insulin response that occurs in that disorder. If wild
      oscillation is to be avoided as the lag time increases, the restoration constant
      must be weakened (evidently by a systematic reduction in insulin receptors) and
      this weakening means that the homing value is displaced. Thus the hyperglycemia
      in this diabetes is to be seen as the price paid for avoiding wild oscillation.
      Provided that the therapeutic use of exogenous insulin is systematic and regular,
      rather than cybernetic, its success where endogenous (cybernetic) insulin
      secretion has failed is readily understood. The point is illustrated by a
      familiar analogy of a car driver with slow responses. The genetic and
      evolutionary implications of these ideas are outlined.

PMID- 6377896
TI  - Stereotypic responding: a review of intervention research.
AB  - More than 60 studies using behavioral strategies to suppress stereotypic
      responding in handicapped individuals were reviewed in order to identify the
      populations studied, the behavior observed, the interventions employed, and the
      relative effectiveness of these interventions when used alone or in combinations.
      The target populations were distributed across nine categories, three of which
      (severely mentally retarded, profoundly mentally retarded, and severely
      emotionally disturbed) constituted approximately three-quarters of all subjects
      studied. Fifty types of target behavior were identified; body rocking was the
      target in approximately two-thirds of all studies, and mouthing and complex
      finger and hand movements were the targets in at least one-third. Ten
      interventions (seven aversive, three positive) were identified. The aversive
      interventions were used in approximately three-quarters of the studies whereas
      positive procedures were used in approximately one-third. One aversive procedure
      (overcorrection) was used in more than one-third of the studies, whereas another,
      shock, was the most effective. The other six aversive procedures, however, and
      three positive procedures were relatively equal in effectiveness. Discussion
      centered on the relative effectiveness of the interventions and their
      relationship to the concept of least restrictive alternatives.

PMID- 6377897
TI  - Cellular composition of crescents in human rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
      identified using monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - The relative contributions of glomerular epithelial cells, macrophages, and other
      cell types to the formation of cellular crescents characteristic of human rapidly
      progressive glomerulonephritis remain controversial. To identify and quantitate
      the cell types present during different stages of glomerular crescent formation,
      immunoperoxidase labelling of cryostat sections from renal biopsies with cellular
      (n = 9) or sclerosed (n = 3) crescents was performed using monoclonal antibodies
      to cell-specific antigens of leucocytes, epithelial cells, and other glomerular
      cell types. Fresh cellular crescents consisted of macrophages (34.5 +/- 7.0%;
      mean +/- SEM) plus lesser proportions of polymorphs (12.8 +/- 4.7%) and
      epithelial cells (10.4 +/- 1.5%). Sclerosed crescents contained fewer macrophages
      (5.1 +/- 1.0%), but similar proportions of polymorphs (11.1 +/- 2.9%) and
      epithelial cells (11.5 +/- 2.1%). Lymphocytes were not detected within crescents.
      Many of the remaining unlabelled cells morphologically resembled fibroblasts and
      expressed surface fibronectin, though fibroblast-specific cell markers were not
      available. These results show that macrophages and not epithelial cells
      constitute the major cell type within cellular crescents. Therapeutic manoeuvres
      directed against macrophages may, therefore, be of clinical value in the
      management of human crescentic rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 6377898
TI  - Control of preeclamptic hypertension by ketanserin, a new serotonin receptor
      antagonist.
AB  - We investigated the effect of peripheral serotonin receptor blockade on
      preeclamptic hypertension in 20 postpartum patients by the use of ketanserin, a
      serotonin receptor antagonist. In a study consisting of a double-blind crossover
      with placebo, parenteral ketanserin significantly reduced blood pressure from
      167/105 to 126/71 mm Hg compared to a decline from 157/98 to 150/91 mm Hg for the
      placebo (p less than 0.001). All patients became hypertensive again following
      infusion, although no abrupt rebound in pressure occurred. Side effects were
      minimal. The results demonstrate that preeclamptic hypertension can be controlled
      by ketanserin and suggest that serotonin may have a role in the modulation of
      preeclampsia.

PMID- 6377899
TI  - The use of breast stimulation to prevent postdate pregnancy.
AB  - Postdate pregnancy is estimated to occur in 3% to 12% of all gestations.
      Morbidity and mortality rates associated with this common obstetric problem are
      higher than those with term gestation. The incidence of fetal distress, birth
      injury, meconium aspiration, congenital malformations, macrosomia, and
      oligohydramnios is also greater in postdate pregnancy. We prospectively evaluated
      breast self-stimulation to determine its effect on the incidence of postdate
      pregnancy. Two hundred low-risk patients at 39 weeks' gestation were randomly
      assigned to either a control group or a breast-stimulation group. Results showed
      that breast stimulation reduced the number of pregnancies managed as postdates
      from 17 per 100 (17%) to five per 100 (5%) (p less than 0.01), a 70% reduction.
      It is concluded that breast stimulation in postdates pregnancies can decrease
      significantly the number of patients that must be monitored by biochemical or
      biophysical means.

PMID- 6377900
TI  - The effect of insulin on ovine fetal oxygen extraction.
AB  - Infusion of exogenous insulin (54 +/- 19 mU/kg/hr) to seven fetal lambs caused
      hyperinsulinism and arterial hypoxemia but not hypoglycemia. We measured the
      relationship between fetal oxygen delivery and oxygen use for a better
      understanding of the cause of the observed hypoxemia. Oxygen delivered to the
      fetus is the product of fetal umbilical venous oxygen content and umbilical blood
      flow. Both of these quantities decreased as fetal insulin concentration rose. The
      fall in umbilical blood flow was due to a change in the distribution of cardiac
      output. Cardiac output rose, but placental perfusion decreased while blood flow
      to the fetal carcass increased. Oxygen consumption by the ovine fetus increased
      as insulin concentration rose. Since the delivery of oxygen to the fetus did not
      increase when its use was rising, fetal extraction of available oxygen increased.
      Fetal arterial hypoxemia is the result of this increased extraction of available
      oxygen.

PMID- 6377901
TI  - Discoid lupus erythematosus involving the eyelids.
AB  - Of two patients with discoid lupus erythematosus with eyelid involvement, one, a
      42-year-old man, had a one-year history of persistent periorbital edema and a
      violaceous discoloration as the sole manifestation. Although treatment with
      corticosteroids and antihistamines failed to produce improvement, the patient had
      an excellent clinical response to systemic hydroxychloroquine therapy. Histologic
      examination with immunofluorescent staining demonstrated deposition of
      immunoglobulins at the dermoepidermal junction. The second patient, a 37-year-old
      woman, had a hyperpigmented lesion on her forearm as the initial symptom but
      later developed similar lesions elsewhere, including her lower eyelid. Treatment
      with hydroxychloroquine again produced an excellent response.

PMID- 6377902
TI  - Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid associated with hyperproliferation of the
      conjunctival epithelium.
AB  - We determined the mitotic rate, measured by evaluating uptake of tritiated
      thymidine autoradiographically, and the frequency of goblet cells in conjunctival
      epithelial biopsy specimens from nine normal subjects and from 11 patients (seven
      women and four men ranging in age from 50 to 80 years) with ocular cicatricial
      pemphigoid. The mitotic rate of patients with the disease was significantly
      higher than that of normal subjects, 7.2 +/- 2.2 vs 1.6 +/- 0.2 labeled cells per
      100 basal epithelial cells (P less than .01). The goblet cell frequency, however,
      was significantly less in patients than in normal subjects. This suggests that
      ocular cicatricial pemphigoid is associated with hyperproliferation of the
      conjunctival epithelium, with a concurrent failure of normal conjunctival
      differentiation.

PMID- 6377903
TI  - A randomized comparison of surgical procedures for infantile esotropia.
AB  - In a prospective, randomized, masked study we compared the treatment of infantile
      esotropia using bilateral medial rectus muscle recessions of a graded amount from
      the insertion to standard 10.5-mm recession from the corneoscleral limbus. Of the
      patients undergoing recession of the medial recti muscles 10.5 mm from the
      corneoscleral limbus, 33 of 39 (84%) achieved a final ocular alignment within 10
      prism diopters of straight with one operation, compared to 26 of 41 (63%) of the
      patients undergoing a graded recession from the insertion. The difference was
      significant (.01 less than P less than .05 by the chi-square test).

PMID- 6377904
TI  - Nationally speaking--living forward, understanding backwards, Part I.

PMID- 6377905
TI  - Lymphoma-associated ulcerative bowel disease in the hamster (Mesocricetus
      auratus) induced by an unusual agent.
AB  - In a hamster model of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma which closely parallels the disease
      in man, and which is induced by an unusual agent(s), a diarrheal bowel disease
      was a major cause of mortality. This study was initiated to characterize this
      bowel disease and its relation to lymphoma induction and to natural diseases seen
      in the hamster. The studies showed that the bowel disease was an ulcerative
      process and was distinct from natural diseases. The incidence of the bowel
      disease correlated directly with that of the lymphoma in repeated epizootics, in
      titration studies, and in agent inactivation tests. The ulcerative bowel lesions
      were seen at the same stage of the disease as acute and chronic inflammatory
      infiltrates with necrosis in the thymus and mesenteric lymph nodes. Since
      necrosis in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue can lead to perforation and
      sepsis, these bowel lesions were lethal, whereas similar necrosis in other
      lymphoid tissues (thymus and lymph nodes) could be clinically undetectable.
      Similar lesions have been reported in man. The ulcerative bowel disease was a
      reliable early clinical marker for exposure of hamsters to this lymphomagenic
      agent(s).

PMID- 6377906
TI  - Differences in the occurrence of hypertension among (NZB X NZW)F1, MRL-lpr, and
      BXSB mice with lupus nephritis.
AB  - Lupus-prone (NZB X NZW)F1 (B X W) mice and MRL-lpr and BXSB mice were examined
      for the prevalence of hypertension and levels of plasma renin activity (PRA).
      Hypertension (greater than 145 mmHg) was observed only in female and male B X W
      mice with severe nephritis; in female MRL-lpr and male BXSB mice severe nephritis
      developed without blood pressure elevation (80-135 mmHg). The B X W parental
      strains, NZB and NZW, and the MRL-lpr congenic partners, MRL- +, did not become
      hypertensive as they aged. Other strains of mice, aged 3-32 months (A/HeN,
      BALB/cJ, BALB/cByJ, B10.S/Sg, B10.D2/ oSn , CBA/J, C3H/HeJ, SJL/J and [SJL X
      NZW]F1), also had normal blood pressure (98-122 mmHg). All mice with lupus
      nephritis had low PRA, even those with hypertension; furthermore, the MRL-lpr
      strain had low or undetectable PRA (2 +/- 1 ng/ml/hr), even when kidneys were
      normal. NZB, NZW, and MRL- + mice had normal PRA (10-16 ng/ml/hr). Thus, B X W
      mice frequently developed low renin hypertension during the last phase of their
      renal disease; whereas MRL-lpr and BXSB mice died from renal disease without
      observable increases in blood pressure.

PMID- 6377908
TI  - Glucoregulatory and metabolic responses to heat exposure in rats.
AB  - To determine the possible role of altered secretion and effects of insulin in
      fuel homeostasis during heat exposure, the hormonal and metabolic milieu of three
      groups of rats were studied. The first was placed at 35 degrees C for 12 days
      (HE), the second was pair-fed (PF) to the first but maintained at 23 degrees C,
      and the third was allowed to eat ad libitum at 23 degrees C (C). Plasma insulin,
      glucagon, glucose, and free fatty acids (FFA), and blood lactate, pyruvate, 3
      hydroxybutyrate, and individual amino acids were determined. To further
      characterize glucoregulation, an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (1 mg/g
      body wt) and isotopic glucose turnover (primed infusion of [3-3H]glucose) were
      performed. In HE rats, weight was constant for the last third of the period, and
      metabolic state 4 h after food removal was characterized by euglycemia but
      hypoinsulinemia, elevated blood pyruvate and FFA, and normal 3-hydroxybutyrate
      compared with C. Lowered levels of branched-chain amino acids and arginine were
      found. Fourteen hours after food removal glucose turnover was decreased. However,
      glucose intolerance accompanied by hyperinsulinemia was also found. Many of these
      changes were also seen in PF, including constant weight, fasting euglycemia,
      hypoinsulinemia, elevated FFA, and lowered valine and isoleucine. In contrast,
      pyruvate concentrations were normal, that of 3-hydroxybutyrate was elevated, and
      the decrement in glucose turnover was smaller than in HE rats. The glucose
      tolerance was similar to that of HE but accompanied by hypoinsulinemia. The
      results in HE suggest decreased energy metabolism, insulin secretion altered in a
      complex manner, and altered insulin action.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6377907
TI  - Malignant lymphomas.

PMID- 6377909
TI  - Enhanced muscle glucose metabolism after exercise in the rat: the two phases.
AB  - Thirty minutes after a treadmill run, glucose utilization and glycogen synthesis
      in perfused rat skeletal muscle are enhanced due to an increase in insulin
      sensitivity (Richter et al., J. Clin. Invest. 69: 785-793, 1982). The exercise
      used in these studies was of moderate intensity, and muscle glycogen was
      substantially repleted at the time (30 min postexercise) that glucose metabolism
      was examined. When rats were run at twice the previous rate (36 m/min), muscle
      glycogen was still substantially diminished 30 min after the run. At this time
      the previously noted increase in insulin sensitivity was still observed in
      perfused muscle; however, glucose utilization was also increased in the absence
      of added insulin (1.5 vs. 4.2 mumol X g-1 X h-1). In contrast 2.5 h after the
      run, muscle glycogen had returned to near preexercise values, and only the
      insulin-induced increase in glucose utilization was evident. The data suggest
      that the restoration of muscle glycogen after exercise occurs in two phases. In
      phase I, muscle glycogen is depleted and insulin-stimulated glucose utilization
      and glucose utilization in the absence of added insulin may both be enhanced. In
      phase II glycogen levels have returned to near base-line values and only the
      increase in insulin sensitivity persists. It is proposed that phase I corresponds
      to the period of rapid glycogen repletion that immediately follows exercise and
      phase II to the period of supercompensation.

PMID- 6377910
TI  - Bone histomorphometry in vitamin D-deficient rats infused with calcium and
      phosphorus.
AB  - Defective mineralization of bone and cartilage is the classical histological
      finding in vitamin D deficiency. Whether this represents a direct effect on
      mineral deposition or is a consequence of the decreased calcium and phosphorus
      levels that result from impaired intestinal absorption is not clear. A method has
      been developed in which vitamin D-deficient rats have plasma calcium and
      phosphorus levels maintained in the normal range by continuous infusion.
      Histomorphometric analysis of undecalcified tibiae from these animals was
      compared with that of rats given vitamin D. Epiphyseal growth plate thickness,
      trabecular osteoid volume, and mean osteoid seam width were not increased.
      Moreover, the administration of two time-spaced courses of tetracycline revealed
      that the mineralization rate and the time interval between apposition and
      subsequent mineralization of osteoid (mineralization lag time) were identical to
      those in rats treated with vitamin D. Trabecular bone volume was increased
      (osteosclerosis) in the vitamin D-deficient rats. In vitamin D-deficient controls
      without infusions, the osteosclerosis was mostly osteoid, whereas the excess bone
      was well mineralized in the vitamin D-deficient rats infused with calcium and
      phosphorus. Osteosclerosis in vitamin D-deficient animals may result from both
      decreased bone resorption and increased osteoid apposition. This study provides
      firm evidence that vitamin D is not essential for mineralization in young growing
      rats. Decreased availability of calcium and phosphorus thus may be the sole basis
      of the mineralization defect seen in vitamin D deficiency.

PMID- 6377911
TI  - Muscle protein synthesis: regulation of a translational inhibitor.
AB  - Insulin and branched-chain amino acids are known to stimulate protein synthesis
      in skeletal muscle. Extracts prepared from rat diaphragms after incubation in
      balanced salt solution and glucose alone yielded heat- and acid-stable, TCA
      precipitable, nondialyzable factor(s) that inhibit protein synthesis when added
      to rabbit reticulocyte lysates. Polyribosomal profiles of inhibited lysates were
      consistent with a defect in peptide-chain initiation. Addition of insulin and
      amino acids to the diaphragm incubation media partially removed the inhibition
      seen with the muscle extract and was accompanied by an increase in polysomes and
      decreased subunits. Similarly, extracts prepared from rat hindlimb muscle 48 h
      after induction of diabetes were much more inhibitory in rabbit reticulocyte
      lysates than extracts from control rats. Polyribosomal profiles were consistent
      with defective peptide-chain initiation. Trypsin treatment before assay abolished
      the inhibitory activity of muscle extracts from diabetic rats. Because
      translation-inhibiting peptide(s) appear to be under metabolic and/or hormonal
      control, their possible role in muscle protein homeostasis warrants further
      study.

PMID- 6377912
TI  - Control of NaCl transport in the thick ascending limb.
AB  - The mammalian renal thick ascending limb of Henle serves to dilute the urine and
      supply energy for countercurrent multiplication as a consequence of its ability
      to absorb NaCl in excess of water. During the past few years our notions of the
      mechanism of and the factors that control NaCl absorption by the thick ascending
      limb of Henle have been altered substantially. This review presents evidence for
      a model of NaCl absorption in the thick ascending limb in which net Cl-
      absorption is rheogenic and involves a secondary active transport process.
      According to this model, net Cl- absorption occurs via a furosemide-sensitive
      coupled electroneutral (1Na+, 1K+, 2Cl-) apical Cl- entry mechanism in parallel
      with a large K+ conductance in apical plasma membranes and a conductive Cl- exit
      mechanism in basolateral plasma membranes. The lumen-positive voltage and high
      paracellular conductance in the thick ascending limb provides a means of driving
      50% of net Na+ absorption through the paracellular route and reduces, with
      respect to exclusively transcellular active Na+ absorption, the metabolic energy
      expenditure for net Na+ absorption. In some mammalian species, ADH may enhance
      the rate of NaCl absorption in the medullary thick ascending limb by directly
      increasing the functional number of (1Na+, 1K+, 2Cl-) cotransport units as well
      as the K+ conductance unit in apical plasma membranes and by indirectly
      increasing basolateral membrane Cl- conductance. This latter effect on
      basolateral Cl- conductance may be secondary to a hormone-induced increase in
      cell Cl- activity. The ADH-dependent increase in NaCl absorption can be modified
      directly by both prostaglandin E2 and peritubular hypertonicity. During
      antidiuresis these hormonal and nonhormonal modulations of NaCl absorption may
      provide a number of feedback systems that control the level of interstitial
      osmolality and, as a consequence, concentrating power without affecting net NaCl
      absorption.

PMID- 6377913
TI  - Control of glomerular filtration rate: role of intrarenally formed angiotensin
      II.
AB  - This study was designed to investigate the role of intrarenally formed
      angiotensin II (ANG II) in controlling glomerular filtration rate (GFR) during
      reduction of renal artery pressure (RAP). The experimental design prevented renin
      released by the kidney from entering the systemic circulation and therefore
      prevented changes in circulating ANG II from influencing GFR control. In dogs
      with only a functional intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS), GFR and renal
      blood flow (RBF) were not significantly altered by RAP reduction to 70 mmHg.
      After blockade of intrarenal ANG II formation with SQ 14225, reduction of RAP to
      70 mmHg decreased GFR and filtration fraction to 75.6 +/- 7.0 and 59.0 +/- 4.1%
      of control, respectively, while RBF remained at 129.3 +/- 8.8% of control.
      Calculated efferent arteriolar resistance decreased considerably more when RAP
      was reduced after SQ 14225, whereas preglomerular resistance decreased to about
      the same level as observed prior to SQ 14225 infusion. After return of
      endogenously produced ANG II by recirculation of the renal venous blood or after
      infusion of ANG II (following SQ 14225) at a rate that restored RBF to the
      control level (with RAP held at 70 mmHg in each case), GFR, filtration fraction,
      and calculated efferent resistance were restored to control levels, but
      preglomerular resistance did not change. These results suggest that intrarenal
      ANG II formation plays an important role in maintaining GFR during reductions in
      RAP by constricting efferent arterioles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6377914
TI  - Delayed reversal of Goldblatt hypertension by angiotensin II infusion in the rat.
AB  - Reversal of early Goldblatt two-kidney, one-clip hypertension is associated with
      a fall in plasma renin. To define the role of this in blood pressure
      normalization we maintained preoperative hypertension for 12 h after unclipping
      or removal of the ischemic kidney, by angiotensin II or norepinephrine infusions
      during continuous blood pressure monitoring. High infusion rates of angiotensin
      II (1 microgram X kg-1 X min-1) were needed to reproduce hypertensive pressures.
      On stopping angiotensin II there was a rapid initial fall in blood pressure but
      not to normal (176 +/- 3.1 to 138 +/- 4.3 mmHg at 1 h), and a later slower fall
      to normal by 24 h (114 +/- 3.9). This response was identical to that of dextrose
      infused animals (180 +/- 8.2 to 146 +/- 7.0 at 1 h and 113 +/- 5.6 at 24 h),
      apart from a transient rise in blood pressure associated with hyperreninemia in
      unclipped animals 12 h postinfusion. In contrast, after norepinephrine blood
      pressure fell immediately to normal. Similar responses were seen in normal rats
      after 12-h pressor infusions of angiotensin II or norepinephrine. These results
      show that the fast and slow components of the blood pressure fall following
      reversal of Goldblatt hypertension are delayed but otherwise unaltered
      specifically by angiotensin II. The need for pharmacologic doses, however,
      suggests that mechanisms in addition to the direct vasopressor action of
      angiotensin II are involved.

PMID- 6377915
TI  - Stimulatory and inhibitory reflexes from somatic receptors: effect on renin
      release.
AB  - The effect of stimulation of skeletal muscle somatic receptor afferents on renal
      function and renin release was examined in anesthetized dogs (bilateral carotid
      occlusion and vagotomy) with controlled renal arterial pressure. Afferent sciatic
      nerve stimulation (20-40 V, 1 ms) at 0.6-1.5 Hz elicited cardiovascular pressor
      responses, renal vasoconstriction, and stimulation of renin release, whereas at
      0.3-0.8 Hz cardiovascular depressor responses and inhibition of renin release
      without changes in renal blood flow were found. Renal denervation abolished the
      inhibition of renin release but not the cardiovascular depressor response to
      afferent sciatic nerve stimulation at 20-40 V, 1 ms, and 0.3-0.8 Hz. Peripheral
      somatic afferent nerves contain fibers which, when appropriately stimulated,
      produce either pressor or depressor cardiovascular responses. At constant renal
      arterial pressure, increases in renin release occur with pressor responses,
      whereas decreases in renin release, mediated by the renal nerves, occur with
      depressor responses.

PMID- 6377916
TI  - Glucose responsiveness and acetylcholine sensitivity of pancreatic beta-cells
      after vagotomy.
AB  - The chronic effects of removal of parasympathetic neural input to the pancreas on
      in vitro insulin secretion were assessed. Groups of Wistar and Long-Evans rats
      received total subdiaphragmatic vagotomy or sham operation. Four to ten weeks
      later, after the return of food intake and body weight in the vagotomized groups
      to values similar to the sham-operated groups, pancreatic islets were isolated
      and statically incubated with selected concentrations of glucose and
      acetylcholine. Two experimental protocols were used. In the first experiment,
      insulin secretion in response to basal (5 mM) glucose was 59 +/- 15 (SE) and 65
      +/- 13% greater in islets from the vagotomized Wistar and Long-Evans groups,
      respectively, than in the corresponding sham groups. The enhancement of insulin
      secretion by several doses of acetylcholine observed in islets from sham-operated
      groups was totally absent in islets from both vagotomized strains. In the second
      experiment, insulin secretion was determined in response to selected glucose
      concentrations by using islets from Wistar rats. An upward and leftward shift of
      the dose-response curve was observed in the vagotomized group causing 5 mM to
      become a stimulatory glucose concentration and increasing the stimulatory potency
      of 10 mM glucose. These results suggest that interruption of vagal input to
      pancreatic beta-cells may induce a compensatory increase in responsiveness to
      glucose and a functional suppression of acetylcholine receptors. These data
      provide further support for the hypothesis that vagal input plays a functionally
      important role in the control of insulin secretion and maintenance of
      acetylcholine sensitivity.

PMID- 6377917
TI  - A spectrin-like protein from mouse brain membranes: phosphorylation of the
      235,000-dalton subunit.
AB  - A mouse brain spectrin-like protein, which was an immunoreactive analogue of
      erythrocyte spectrin, has been isolated from demyelinated membranes. This
      spectrin analogue was a 10.5 S, 972,000 molecular weight (Mr) (alpha beta)2
      tetramer containing subunits of 240,000 (alpha) and 235,000 (beta) Mr. We
      demonstrated that in vivo only the 235,000 Mr beta subunit of the mouse brain
      spectrin-like protein was phosphorylated, which was an analogous situation to
      mouse erythrocyte spectrin in which only the 220,000 Mr beta subunit was
      phosphorylated. Incubation of isolated membrane fractions with [gamma-32P]ATP +/-
      adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) indicated that mouse brain spectrin
      like protein, mouse erythrocyte spectrin, and human erythrocyte spectrin's beta
      subunits were all phosphorylated in vitro by membrane-associated cAMP-independent
      protein kinases.

PMID- 6377918
TI  - Catecholamine measurements by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - The development of sensitive detectors has allowed the use of high-performance
      liquid chromatography (HPLC) for measurements of catecholamines in extracts of
      plasma, urine, and tissue samples. Separation of the catecholamines may be
      effected by reversed phase chromatography or cation-exchange chromatography and
      quantitation by electrochemical detection (EC) or by fluorometry coupled with
      postcolumn derivatization according to the trihydroxyindole (THI) method. EC has
      a somewhat lower sensitivity than the THI method for norepinephrine (NE) and
      epinephrine (E). The THI method is insensitive to dopamine (DA). Basal plasma E
      levels of 0.1 nM (20 pg/ml) or less may be measured in sample volumes of 1-2 ml
      with EC. Sensitivity and reproducibility of an assay is not necessarily a
      guarantee of accuracy. It is argued that new methods and modifications of old
      methods should be validated against accepted methodology. This is rarely the
      case. Cation exchange HPLC with EC has been adequately validated, but only one of
      the reversed phase methods has been compared with radioenzymatic methodology.
      HPLC has the advantages of economy, speed, and more stimulating laboratory work,
      as compared with radioenzymatic methodology.

PMID- 6377919
TI  - Effects of surgical stress and insulin on cardiovascular function and
      norepinephrine kinetics.
AB  - In resting supine subjects the whole-body clearance of norepinephrine (NE) based
      on arterial and venous sampling averaged 1.4 and 2.5 liters/min, respectively (P
      less than 0.02). The difference in clearance values was due to a peripheral
      uptake of NE averaging 45%. The calculation of plasma NE clearance based on
      venous sampling results in values that are too high. The plasma appearance rate
      of NE increased considerably after surgery, whereas the arterial blood pressure
      remained unchanged. This suggests that the sensitivity to NE is reduced
      postsurgery. Insulin has certain acute effects on cardiovascular function and
      plasma NE kinetics that are unrelated to the counterregulatory response to
      decrements in plasma glucose concentration. Insulin may both induce antagonism to
      the action of NE and increase the release of NE from sympathetic nerves.
      Intravenous insulin decreases the plasma volume and increases the hematocrit by
      an adrenergic mechanism. Plasma NE increases in normal subjects after an oral
      glucose load. This response may be of importance because in sympathectomized
      patients both oral glucose and insulin administration decreases the arterial
      blood pressure. During an oral glucose load insulin-dependent diabetics show
      abnormalities in the regulation of cardiovascular function and sympathetic
      nervous activity that may be related to the lack of rise in endogenous insulin in
      these patients. These results suggest that insulin may be of importance for the
      normal function of the cardiovascular system.

PMID- 6377920
TI  - Islet function and stress hyperglycemia: plasma glucose and epinephrine
      interaction.
AB  - Catecholamines and a number of other hormones released during stress states
      contribute to the development of hyperglycemia by directly stimulating glucose
      production and interfering with tissue disposal of glucose. However,
      hyperglycemia stimulates the secretion of insulin and inhibits the secretion of
      glucagon, effects that will diminish the degree of hyperglycemia resulting from
      direct actions of stress hormones on glucose production and disposal. The key
      additional role of catecholamines in the development of stress hyperglycemia is
      interference with the normal feedback control of insulin and glucagon secretion
      by circulating glucose levels. Although pancreatic islet responses to
      hyperglycemia may be modulated by catecholamines, any increase of insulin
      secretion or suppression of glucagon secretion that does occur may be important
      for limiting the degree of elevation of circulating glucose that results. Thus,
      plasma insulin and glucagon levels during stress states will reflect the
      interaction between the opposing effects of hyperglycemia and catecholamines.
      Diabetic patients who have impaired islet responses to glucose will be
      particularly prone to the development of marked hyperglycemia during stress
      states because they may be unable to respond to the influence of hyperglycemia in
      counteracting adrenergic inhibition of insulin secretion and stimulation of
      glucagon secretion.

PMID- 6377921
TI  - Effects of hindbrain stimulation on lower esophageal sphincter pressure in the
      cat.
AB  - Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure was measured in anesthetized cats
      during electrical stimulation of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) and
      nucleus ambiguus (NA). Stimulation parameters were varied to determine maximal
      changes in LES pressure and upper gastrointestinal motor responses. LES pressure
      decreased significantly during DMV and NA stimulation. The LES preferentially was
      affected over other upper gastrointestinal locations. Bradycardia and increases
      in blood pressure occurred with stimulation of both nuclei. LES pressure changes
      could be demonstrated in the absence of other gastrointestinal responses by
      decreasing hindbrain stimulation parameters. Cervical vagotomy completely
      eliminated hindbrain stimulation-induced changes in LES pressure, upper
      gastrointestinal motor activity, and heart rate. Similar frequency-LES pressure
      response relationships were observed for DMV and NA stimulation, with maximum
      changes occurring at 25 Hz. Changes in LES pressure occurred at shorter
      stimulation pulses (0.05 vs. 0.5 ms) and at lower stimulating current strength
      (30 vs. 60 microA) during DMV as compared with NA stimulation. In addition,
      stimulation of areas adjacent to the DMV and NA also significantly altered LES
      pressure, indicating that a large portion of the cat hindbrain associated with
      the vagal motor nuclei is involved in LES pressure control.

PMID- 6377922
TI  - Pathophysiology of hypercalciuria.
AB  - The mechanisms responsible for hypercalciuria may involve intestinal calcium
      transport, renal tubule calcium reabsorption, and the regulation of bone mineral
      content. Both parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) may
      alter urine calcium. For these reasons, understanding the pathogenesis of
      hypercalciuria in patients has proven to be difficult. We present here an
      analysis of pathways that regulate systemic calcium homeostasis and of the
      various mechanisms that have been proposed to explain normocalcemic
      hypercalciuria in humans. Available evidence seems to implicate disordered
      regulation of 1,25(OH)2D3 as a basis for at least one common form of
      hypercalciuria.

PMID- 6377924
TI  - Mechanism of decreased pressor responsiveness to ANG II, NE, and vasopressin in
      pregnant rats.
AB  - The mechanism of decreased pressor responsiveness to pressor agents was examined
      serially throughout pregnancy in conscious rats. Rats, 15 and 20 days pregnant,
      showed marked blunting of the pressor response to graded doses of angiotensin,
      whereas after only 5 days of pregnancy there was a normal response and at 10 days
      an intermediate pressor response. A role for prior occupancy of vascular
      angiotensin II receptors for the blunted pressor response was made less likely by
      the observation that treatment with captopril to decrease endogenous angiotensin
      II did not improve the angiotensin II pressor response in 15-day pregnant rats.
      Studies of smooth muscle receptor binding of angiotensin II showed that, in
      pregnancy, receptor affinity and number was not changed. Inhibition of
      prostaglandin synthesis with meclofenamate increased the pressor response to
      angiotensin II toward normal in pregnant animals. The blunted vascular response
      in pregnancy was not specific for angiotensin since pregnant animals showed a
      similar decrease in the response to both norepinephrine and arginine vasopressin.
      Furthermore, meclofenamate increased the pressor response to norepinephrine and
      vasopressin in pregnant rats. We conclude that pressor hyporesponsiveness in
      pregnancy is not specific for angiotensin II and is not caused by alterations in
      vascular receptor occupancy or binding. In pregnancy there is a decreased pressor
      response to all three major pressor agents that is improved by inhibition of
      prostaglandin production.

PMID- 6377923
TI  - Prostaglandin E2 but not F2 alpha restores the natriuretic response to
      acetylcholine in indomethacin-treated dogs.
AB  - Renal arterial infusion of acetylcholine (ACh) (40 micrograms/min) produces a
      natriuresis, diuresis, and an increase in renal plasma flow (RPF) without a
      change in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or renin secretory rate (RSR). The
      present study was designed to examine the role of prostaglandins in this
      natriuretic response to ACh. In dogs pretreated with indomethacin (Indo) (5
      mg/kg, i.v.), an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, renal arterial infusion of
      ACh produced an increase and then a decline in urinary flow and sodium excretion
      accompanied by a progressive fall in GFR and RPF and a progressive increase in
      RSR. Renal arterial infusion of PGE2 (1.9 micrograms/min) but not PGF2 alpha (1.9
      micrograms/min) before and during the infusion of ACh restored the diuretic and
      natriuretic response to ACh in Indo-treated dogs. Renal arterial infusion of
      bradykinin (BK) (3 micrograms/min) in Indo-treated dogs produced a diuresis and
      natriuresis similar to that produced by PGE2; renal arterial infusion of BK,
      however, did not restore the diuretic and natriuretic response to ACh in Indo
      treated dogs. The data suggest that Indo shortens the diuretic and natriuretic
      response to ACh by inhibiting synthesis of prostaglandins, possibly PGE but not
      PGF. The data further suggest that PGE2 restores the diuretic and natriuretic
      response to ACh in Indo-treated dogs through a specific action rather than by its
      action as a renal vasodilator.

PMID- 6377925
TI  - Insulin treatment prevents vascular dysfunction in early juvenile alloxan-induced
      diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Microvascular pathology and sympathetic autonomic dysfunction have been described
      early in alloxan-induced diabetic juvenile rats. To determine the longitudinal
      development of these changes and whether insulin treatment can alter them,
      vascular and sympathetic function were studied in alloxan-induced (42.5 mg/kg)
      juvenile diabetic rats and saline-treated controls. The rats were examined 1 and
      14 days after induction of diabetes. An insulin-treated group was studied with
      the 14-day group. Hindquarter perfusion with an artificial solution at constant
      flow/100 g hindquarter wt was used. After 14 days of diabetes mellitus, the
      diabetic group showed a significantly depressed response to central ischemia (P
      less than 0.001), maximal vasoconstriction (P less than 0.02), and maximal
      dilation (P less than 0.001) compared with both the control and insulin-treated
      group. The threshold response to norepinephrine did not differ. After 1 day of
      glucose elevation no differences were present between the control and diabetic
      animals during any of the testing procedures. These results suggest that severe
      vascular dysfunction develops early in juvenile-onset alloxan diabetes and that
      it can be prevented with insulin treatment.

PMID- 6377926
TI  - Vasomotor projections from the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) region.
AB  - The anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) region is necessary for the development
      of a variety of models of experimental hypertension. Neuroanatomic studies have
      identified descending projections from this region to the mesencephalic central
      gray and tegmentum. This study was done to identify functionally the projections
      involved in cardiovascular regulation from the AV3V region to the mesencephalon.
      Regional hemodynamic responses to electrical stimulation of the AV3V region were
      compared with responses to stimulation of the rostral central gray, and these
      responses were compared before and after ablation of mesencephalic tissue.
      Stimulation of the AV3V region elicited hindquarter, vasodilation and renal and
      mesenteric vasoconstriction associated with a depressor response and bradycardia.
      These responses were partially dependent on adrenal catecholamines since
      adrenalectomy reduced hindquarter, mesenteric, and depressor responses. Regional
      hemodynamic responses to central gray stimulation were qualitatively similar and
      also demonstrated a partial dependence on adrenal catecholamines. After
      electrolyte ablation of central gray tissue, significant reductions in
      hindquarter, mesenteric, and depressor responses to AV3V stimulation were
      observed. These observations suggest that a cardiovascular control system
      important for the development of several models of hypertension may be dependent
      on neuronal projections from the rostral medial hypothalamus through the
      mesencephalic central gray.

PMID- 6377927
TI  - Pathogenesis of one-kidney, one-clip hypertension in rats after renal
      denervation.
AB  - This study examines the role of the renal nerves in the chronic and early
      developmental stages of one-kidney, one-clip (1K-1C) Goldblatt hypertension.
      Groups of uninephrectomized Sprague-Dawley rats underwent renal artery
      constriction with a clip of an internal diameter of 0.23 mm (groups 1 and 3) or
      0.40 mm (groups 2 and 4) to produce severe or moderate hypertension. Two weeks
      later, groups 1 and 2 were subjected to renal denervation and groups 3 and 4 were
      denervated 6 and 7 wk after clipping, respectively. In all four groups,
      hypertension remained unchanged during the subsequent 2 wk after denervation. To
      study further the effects of renal denervation during the early onset of
      hypertension, groups 5, 6, and 7 received the smaller (0.23 mm) clip after
      uninephrectomy. Groups 5 and 6 were renal denervated immediately before clipping;
      group 7 was not denervated. In groups 6 and 7 the renin-angiotensin system was
      blocked with a continuous infusion of the converting-enzyme inhibitor captopril
      for 24 h before and 15 days after clipping. In group 5, renal denervation did not
      prevent a prompt and severe rise in the systolic blood pressure. In groups 6 and
      7, infusion of captopril prevented the hypertension only during the first 4 days
      after clipping; at no time was there a difference in the systolic blood pressure
      curves of groups 6 and 7 during or after captopril infusion. These data
      demonstrate that regardless of the severity and duration of hypertension, renal
      denervation failed to attenuate either the development or the maintenance of 1K
      1C Goldblatt hypertension in the rat. Thus the present results fail to provide
      support for the concept that the renal nerves modulate the hypertension in this
      experimental model.

PMID- 6377928
TI  - Characterization of the renin-angiotensin system in the turtle Pseudemys scripta.
AB  - Studies were conducted in freshwater turtles Pseudemys scripta to define some
      characteristics of the renin-angiotensin system in this reptile. Dialyzed acid
      treated kidney extract (1 g tissue per ml water) produced a prolonged pressor
      response in unanesthetized turtles, which was eliminated by boiling the extract
      or by pretreating the turtle with [Sar1, Ile8]angiotensin II. A rat pressor assay
      was employed because turtle angiotensin (ANG) was bound poorly by the anti-[Asp1,
      Ile5, His9]ANG I used in our radioimmunoassay. Kidney extract incubated with
      homologous plasma (pH 5.5 and 25 degrees C) produced a time-dependent pressor
      response in rats. The pressor activity of the product was eliminated by dialysis
      or by pretreating the rats with [Sar1, Ile8]ANG II. The pressor response in
      anesthetized turtles to ANG I was significantly reduced by captopril, whereas the
      ANG II response remained unchanged, thus demonstrating the presence of ANG
      converting enzyme activity in these animals. We determined the velocity of turtle
      ANG formation at various dilutions of enzyme (kidney extract) or substrate
      (plasma). Turtle kidney extract incubated with homologous plasma displayed
      typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Finally we conducted experiments to determine
      whether a portion of turtle plasma renin exists in an inactive form.
      Trypsinization caused a slight increase in plasma renin activity (PRA), whereas
      acidification to pH 3.3 yielded a fourfold increase in PRA.

PMID- 6377929
TI  - Metabolic fuel homeostasis in golden hamsters: effects of fasting, refeeding,
      glucose, and insulin.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to investigate possible metabolic correlates of the
      unusual ingestive behavior of hamsters after food deprivation. A hypothesis of
      metabolic refractoriness predicts that hamsters, unlike rats, should not show
      changes in plasma metabolic fuels, adipose tissue, or liver after fasting and
      subsequent refeeding. This hypothesis was discredited by findings that fasted
      hamsters, like rats, have increased plasma ketones and free fatty acids and
      decreased liver glycogen. On refeeding, hamsters showed rapid reversal of these
      changes, with supranormal glycogen content and apparent fatty acid synthesis in
      liver. Additional studies examined the metabolic responses of hamsters and rats
      to exogenous insulin or glucose administration. Incorporation of 3H2O into liver
      fatty acids was greatly elevated in rats by both insulin and glucose, but in
      hamsters only insulin was effective. Some of these metabolic differences may help
      our understanding of the unusual refractoriness of hamster food intake to various
      stimuli.

PMID- 6377930
TI  - Sodium balance and aldosterone during dehydration and rehydration in the dog.
AB  - The regulation of sodium metabolism and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
      was evaluated during 24 h of water, but not food, deprivation and during
      rehydration in the dog. Dehydration caused increases in plasma concentrations of
      sodium (6.0 +/- 0.7 meq/l), protein (0.8 +/- 0.1 g/dl), vasopressin (5.3 +/- 0.9
      pg/ml), and renin activity (3.5 +/- 1.1 ng AI X ml-1 X 3 h-1). Plasma aldosterone
      was unchanged and plasma potassium fell slightly (0.2 +/- 0.1 meq/l). During
      dehydration, food, and thus sodium intake fell by more than 10% in 12 of 19 dogs,
      but urinary sodium excretion increased significantly, leading to a negative
      sodium balance (1.9 +/- 0.2 meq/kg). Sodium retention was observed after
      rehydration and sodium balance; plasma electrolytes, vasopressin, and plasma
      renin activity (PRA) returned turned to control levels after the 1st day of
      recovery. However, plasma aldosterone was slightly elevated at this time,
      returning to control after the 2nd day of recovery. The dehydration-induced
      natriuresis could not be accounted for by a fall in plasma aldosterone. However,
      sodium retention following rehydration could be aldosterone dependent, because
      additional studies showed a threefold rise in plasma levels of the hormone 1 h
      after drinking. The acute rise in aldosterone correlated closely (r = 0.82) with
      the fall in plasma sodium after drinking but not with changes in
      adrenocorticotrophic hormone, PRA, or plasma potassium. It is concluded that
      natriuresis is a homeostatic response to dehydration as a means of ameliorating
      the rise in body fluid osmolality.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6377931
TI  - Gonadal and photoperiodic control of seasonal body weight changes in male voles.
AB  - After 15 wk in a short photoperiod (10 h of light/day), adult male voles weighed
      25% less and consumed 33% less food than did voles in a long photoperiod (14 h
      light/day). Neither body weight nor food intake differed among long- and short
      day castrated voles. After 19 wk, castrated long-day voles weighed less than did
      intact animals. Voles reduced their body weight during the first 15 wk in the
      short photoperiod and increased their body mass during the succeeding 15 wk. Body
      mass of short-day voles was positively correlated with combined testes weight.
      Voles in the short photoperiod collected less nesting material than did their
      long-day counterparts at week 31. Pelage characteristics at week 32 were not
      affected by castration or by photoperiod. We conclude that the decreased body
      mass of male voles during the late summer, fall, and early winter reflects a
      decrease in circulating levels of testicular hormones; gonadal recrudescence and
      increased circulating androgen levels are in part responsible for the subsequent
      seasonal increase in body weight. Part of the increased body mass in late winter
      in field populations or in laboratory voles after 15 wk in the short photoperiod
      is independent of the resumption of gonadal activity. Fluctuations in neural and
      endocrine processes, rather than availability of food, are the principal factors
      underlying seasonal changes in energy balance.

PMID- 6377932
TI  - What does hospice cost?
AB  - This paper presents the preliminary results of the economic analyses of the
      National Hospice Study (NHS), mandated by the United States Congress to
      investigate the implications of including hospice services in Medicare. Data were
      collected over an 18-month period from approximately 4,000 patients receiving
      hospice and conventional terminal care in 25 hospices and 12 conventional care
      sites. Subsequent analysis may lead to changes in the specific results, and some
      of the differences may be due to confounding variables that cannot be adjusted
      for. According to these data, hospital based (HB) hospice costs per day are 44
      per cent higher than home care (HC) hospice costs per day ($95 versus $66,
      respectively). In addition, per patient hospice costs are 24 per cent more for
      patients enrolled in HB than in HC hospices ($5,890 versus $4,758, respectively).
      The proportional difference between HB and HC in cost per patient is smaller than
      the cost per day difference due to the shorter average HB length of stay, 62.3
      days compared to 72.5 days for HC. Regarding the cost savings of hospice compared
      to conventional care, HC hospice costs are lower than conventional care costs
      regardless of length of stay. However, HB costs seem lower than conventional care
      costs only for patients with lengths of stay less than two months. Hospice and
      conventional care patients appear to differ with respect to predisposition toward
      intensive health care utilization. When this difference is explored more
      thoroughly in subsequent analyses, the estimated cost differential between
      hospice and conventional care may change.

PMID- 6377933
TI  - Monoclonal antibody to human cytotrophoblast.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody (18B/A5) has been generated against human first trimester
      trophoblast membranes which, unlike others so far reported in the literature,
      reacted only with cytotrophoblast and not with syncytiotrophoblast. Although the
      identity of the target antigen has not yet been established, the antibody could
      be a valuable tool for the identification and eventual separation and
      purification of human cytotrophoblast cells.

PMID- 6377934
TI  - Vasectomy-induced autoimmunity: antisperm and antinuclear autoimmune monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - Antibodies to sperm and testicular autoantigens are a hallmark of vasectomy
      induced murine autoimmunity. We generated five autoimmune monoclonal antibodies
      with spleen cells from nonimmunized but vasectomized BDF1 male mice as fusion
      partners in two experiments. Four of the antibodies, designated Vx 4, Vx 8, Vx
      10, and Vx 23, recognize, as determined by fluorescence microscopy,
      topographically restricted sperm-specific antigenic determinants that appear in
      the germinal epithelium as spermatogenesis progresses. Antibodies Vx 8 and Vx 10
      identified 60,000- and 97,000- dalton, mouse-specific sperm antigens restricted
      to the anterior acrosome and posterior acrosome, respectively. Antibody Vx 23
      identified a 35,000- to 40,000- dalton antigen on the midpiece and postacrosomal
      regions of epididymal mouse sperm. The antigenic target of antibody Vx 4 on the
      midpiece region could not be identified with the Western blot technique. Both Vx
      4 and Vx 23 cross-reacted with human, rabbit, and monkey sperm;
      immunofluorescence revealed that they were bound onto the midpiece region. By
      immunofluorescence, a single clone (Vx 24) distinctly reacted with the nuclei of
      somatic and testicular germ cells but not the nuclei of sperm. The isolation of
      this antinuclear autoantibody raises questions about the development of nonsperm
      specific autoantibodies after vasectomy in the mouse.

PMID- 6377935
TI  - The assessment of and variation in aerobic power in world class athletes as
      related to specific sports.

PMID- 6377936
TI  - Myosin and myoglobin as tumor markers in the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma. A
      comparative study.
AB  - Antibodies against the myosin heavy chain of adult chicken pectoral muscle and
      heart muscle which cross-react with myosin of human fast type II fibers (
      antifast myosin) and slow type I fibers ( antislow myosin), respectively, and
      antibodies against human myoglobin have been assessed for their usefulness in
      diagnosing rhabdomyosarcoma. Formaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue and
      the avidin-biotinyl-peroxidase complex technique were used. Of 23
      rhabdomyosarcomas studied, 20 were positive with antifast myosin and 11 with
      antimyoglobin . All tumors were negative with antislow myosin. Positive staining
      was observed in all three types of rhabdomyosarcoma, i.e., embryonal, alveolar,
      and pleomorphic, regardless of the antiserum used. Staining with antimyoglobin
      was generally limited to the cytoplasm-rich tumor cells. Besides
      rhabdomyosarcomas, the only other positive neoplasms were those which contained
      rhabdomyoblastic differentiation such as malignant Triton tumors and malignant
      mixed mullerian tumors. Our results indicate that antibodies against the fast
      myosin heavy chain are a useful tool for diagnosing rhabdomyosarcoma and that
      they can be used to distinguish that tumor from other small round cell tumors in
      childhood. The results are discussed in the light of the embryogenesis of
      skeletal muscle.

PMID- 6377937
TI  - Oriental cholangitis.
AB  - Oriental cholangitis is a poorly understood syndrome consisting of intrahepatic
      pigment stone formation with chronically recurrent exacerbations and remissions.
      Endemic to Asia, it is being encountered more frequently in the United States due
      to increased immigration of asians. Twenty-one patients with oriental cholangitis
      (9 men and 12 women), 19 to 84 years of age, all of whom immigrated from asian
      countries, were treated between 1970 and 1983. All had histories of episodic
      abdominal pain, most with jaundice, chills, and fever. Laboratory results were
      nonspecific but frequently included leukocytosis and hyperbilirubinemia. All
      patients were operated on with 15 having cholecystectomy, common duct
      exploration, and a bilioenteric anastomosis. E. coli was cultured from specimens
      obtained from the biliary tracts of all patients, and 13 patients had more than
      one organism. Four patients had a previous history of parasitic infection, and
      four different patients had parasites identified in the biliary tract
      intraoperatively. Early recognition and appropriate operation will decrease
      morbidity and mortality.

PMID- 6377938
TI  - Peptic ulcer disease in kidney transplant recipients.
AB  - The occurrence of peptic ulcer in kidney transplant recipients treated with
      corticosteroids for immunosuppression is a problem of considerable magnitude and
      threatens both patient and graft survival. The fact that peptic ulcer usually
      occurs in the early months after transplantation, and that there are known risk
      factors including treatment for rejection, sepsis, and hepatitis, demand a high
      level of clinical suspicion, early and accurate diagnosis, and prompt treatment.
      Aggressive medical prophylaxis is important, but if it should fail prompt
      reduction of the dose of corticosteroids is imperative so that continued patient
      survival is emphasized rather than the continued survival of the transplant.
      Surgical intervention, when indicated, should also be prompt, and the more
      definitive operations such as vagotomy with pyloroplasty or gastric resection are
      preferred because of a lesser occurrence of reoperation among such patients.
      Prophylactic operations in patients with an antecedent history of peptic ulcer
      may provide considerable protection against the development of corticosteroid
      related ulcers after transplantation.

PMID- 6377939
TI  - [Comparative analysis of cellular maturation in male and female gonads].

PMID- 6377940
TI  - [Histotopographic method of study in the diagnosis of pathology of the cervical
      canal].

PMID- 6377941
TI  - [Late toxicoses--the current status. I. The problems of pathogenesis and
      pathophysiology].

PMID- 6377942
TI  - [Changes in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and kallikrein systems in normo-
      and hypertensive pregnant women].

PMID- 6377943
TI  - Alcohol consumption among vehicular occupants injured in crashes.
AB  - Admission blood alcohol levels (BAL) were obtained in 111 adult passenger/driver
      pairs injured in vehicular crashes. Drinking patterns were studied, including the
      influence of the sex of the occupants on alcohol consumption. Alcohol was not a
      factor in 44 of the crashes. In 48 of 62 crashes (77%), the driver was either the
      sole drinker or had a higher BAL than the passenger. In five crashes, the
      passenger was the only drinker. Female drivers were drinking 40% of the time,
      compared to 60% of male drivers. Overall, 77.4% of the drinking drivers had a BAL
      of greater than or equal to 100 mg/100 ml. When vehicular occupants were of the
      same sex, as opposed to both sexes, the drivers drank more frequently (62.9% vs.
      43.9%). In 13 of 14 cases of a drinking male driver transporting a female
      passenger, the female passenger had not been drinking or had done so to a lesser
      degree. The data indicate that educational efforts should be directed at
      discouraging passengers from riding with drinking drivers.

PMID- 6377944
TI  - The relationship between ethanol-induced locomotor activation and narcosis in
      long-sleep and short-sleep mice.
AB  - Mice selectively bred for marked response to hypnotic doses of ethanol (long
      sleep, LS) respond to subhypnotic doses of ethanol (ETOH) with less stimulation
      of locomotor activity than their short-sleep (SS) counterparts. This assessment
      was made by comparing ETOH-induced alterations in locomotor activity to an
      untreated baseline within individual subjects, and to a saline-treated control
      group. A correlational study, using the same method in F2 generation hybrids of
      the LS and SS lines, produced a negative correlation (-.36) between locomotor
      stimulant effects of a subhypnotic dose of ETOH and length of loss of the
      righting reflex following a hypnotic dose. This relationship also appeared in a
      factor analysis of baseline locomotor activity, ETOH-stimulated activity, and
      depressant response variables. The genetic selection for LS and SS mice appears
      to have differentiated loci that influence more than one type of behavioral
      response to ETOH, an example of pleiotropism.

PMID- 6377945
TI  - Alcohol, hypertension, and stroke.
AB  - The authors compared the drinking habits of stroke patients and controls who were
      matched for the variables of age, sex, race, and day of the week admitted to the
      hospital. Rates of alcoholism were similar in the two groups. However, stroke
      patients were more likely to be current drinkers than controls, and were more
      likely to have been drinking within 24 hr of admission to the hospital, most of
      them rather heavily. Among the stroke patients, alcoholism was associated with
      hypertension, with being a current drinker, and with drinking at index, i.e.,
      within 24 hr of the first symptoms of stroke. Of those stroke patients who were
      drinking at index, there were significant associations with being black,
      alcoholic, and hypertensive. The implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 6377947
TI  - An improved method for collecting breath for the assay of acetaldehyde.
AB  - An improved method is described for the collection of breath for the subsequent
      assay of acetaldehyde and other volatile components. Breath is collected in a
      Pyrex gas-collecting tube sealed at both ends with Teflon taps. Prior to
      collection or assay of the samples, this tube is heated to 72 degrees C; breath
      is sampled for assay by piercing a rubber septum on a sideport with the needle of
      a similarly heated gas-tight syringe, and injected into a gas chromatograph (GC).
      The advantages of this system are: (1) Avoidance of the artefacts encountered in
      the assay of acetaldehyde in the blood; (2) suitability for sample collection at
      a site remote from the GC laboratory; (3) avoidance of sample loss by leakage,
      contamination, or partitioning into water condensed from breath; and (4)
      compatibility with a "nondedicated" GC lacking any special gas-collecting
      circuitry. A typical study of a normal human volunteer is described,
      demonstrating the rise and fall of the concentration of acetaldehyde and ethanol
      in the breath following the ingestion of an oral dose of ethanol.

PMID- 6377946
TI  - Transferrin glycans: a possible link between alcoholism and hepatic siderosis.
AB  - The hepatic uptake of 59Fe from diferric rat and rabbit asialotransferrins and
      from human transferrin lacking two sialyl residues was investigated in rats in
      experiments lasting for 1 hr. The 59Fe attached to either of these preparations
      disappeared from the plasma more rapidly than the 59Fe introduced with the
      unmodified respective parent proteins. Most of the 59Fe activity that had
      disappeared from the circulation could be recovered with the liver. Studies with
      double-labeled (125I, 59Fe) preparations showed that the enhanced 59Fe clearance
      was not associated with increased catabolism of the modified transferrins.
      Prolonged, heavy alcohol consumption, as shown by others, results in the
      appearance of sialic acid-deficient transferrin (two residues missing) in human
      serum. We suggest that the increased capacity of transferrin deficient in sialic
      acid to selectively deposit iron in the hepatocyte may be of significance for the
      development of the hepatic siderosis observed in alcoholism.

PMID- 6377948
TI  - Inhibition of human aldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes by propiolaldehyde.
AB  - Propiolaldehyde--a metabolite of pargyline (Shirota et al., 1979) can function as
      an inhibitor or as a substrate of human aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.3),
      dependent on conditions. In the presence of high concentration of NAD,
      propiolaldehyde is a substrate for both the cytoplasmic E1 isozyme and the
      mitochondrial E2 isozyme. The Km values are comparable to those with other short
      chain aldehydes; the maximal velocity is also similar for E2 but lower by about
      three-fold for E1. Preincubation with propiolaldehyde in the absence of NAD
      produces inactivation with K1 values of 1.6 microM for E1 and 1.8 microM for E2.
      NAD, but not propanal, protects both isozymes against inactivation with
      propiolaldehyde.

PMID- 6377949
TI  - Chlorpromazine and dithioerythritol protection against acute ethanol toxicity.
AB  - Our previous work has shown that an increase in body temperature increases the
      acute toxicity of ethanol in mice. To determine whether a decrease in body
      temperature would have the opposite effect, we studied the effect of two
      substances that decrease body temperature (chlorpromazine (CPZ) and
      dithioerythritol (DE)) on ethanol toxicity. Matched groups of 10 mice were
      injected sc with CPZ (5 mg/kg), DTE (80 mg/kg), or saline (controls). CPZ and DTE
      significantly depressed the rectal temperature to 32.8 and 34.5 degrees C,
      respectively. One hour later, all three groups received a specified dose of
      ethanol (6.5-10.7 g/kg, 24% w/v, intraperitoneal). The experiment was repeated 17
      times at different ethanol doses. The pretreatments increased the 1 hr LD50 from
      7.8 +/- 0.1 g/kg for the controls to 8.6 +/- 0.2 g/kg (DTE) and 10.0 +/- 0.3 g/kg
      (CPZ) (p less than 0.001). The protective effect of CPZ was maximal around 5
      mg/kg, and less at both lower and higher CPZ doses. When the temperature drop was
      prevented by directly heating the mice, the protective effect of DTE could be
      eliminated, but the effect of CPZ was only partially prevented. Placing the CPZ
      treated mice in a warmer environment only produced a major reversal of CPZ
      protection when rectal temperature reached 38 degrees C. In conclusion, CPZ and
      DTE both decrease body temperature and protect against acute ethanol toxicity.
      The protection seems to be due at least partially to the decrease in body
      temperature prior to ethanol injection.

PMID- 6377950
TI  - Drinking by alcoholic cirrhotic patients under medical care: a literature survey.
AB  - In order to gain a broader perspective on the natural course of drinking by
      alcoholic cirrhotic patients receiving medical care, the medical and surgical
      literature from 1963 through 1982 was surveyed for prospective studies of
      patients with alcoholic cirrhosis in which follow-up drinking data were reported.
      Eleven studies with 1,039 patients were summarized. The patients were mostly
      urban men, averaging about 50 years old, treated in municipal, Veterans
      Administration, and university hospitals for either decompensated cirrhosis or
      for portal hypertension and bleeding varices; follow-up periods ranged from less
      than 1 to 10 years. The clinical investigators in the studies used various means
      to assess drinking and to categorize drinking behaviors, and expressed caution
      regarding validity. Between series, from 20 to 53% of the patients were reported
      to be abstinent from alcohol during the clinical follow-up periods. In five
      studies (373 patients) where the extent of drinking was determined, from 21 to
      35% of the patients were reported to be drinking in a reduced or moderate manner,
      and from 17 to 42% to have resumed heavier drinking. The rates of improvement in
      drinking reported for the cirrhotic patients under medical care compare favorably
      to those for middle-aged male clients after alcoholism treatment, but the
      variables that predict course and outcome cannot be fairly compared between
      "medical" and alcoholism treatment populations. The substantial reduction or
      cessation of drinking reported in these large series of alcoholic cirrhotic
      patients over long follow-up periods may simple represent the natural, terminal
      course of alcoholism in the presence of severe liver disease; concomitantly,
      improvement may reflect the favorable impact of an alcohol-related disease and
      continued medical care on changing drinking behaviors.

PMID- 6377951
TI  - Accumulation of acetaldehyde in alcohol-sensitive Japanese: relation to ethanol
      and acetaldehyde oxidizing capacity.
AB  - The metabolism of ethanol and its oxidation product, acetaldehyde, was studied in
      Japanese volunteers. Subjects who responded by facial flushing and tachycardia
      were found to accumulate acetaldehyde during ethanol intoxication, in contrast to
      the near absence of blood acetaldehyde in nonflushing subjects. There were large
      individual variations in acetaldehyde accumulation observed in the former group,
      and this accumulation correlated well with the intensity of the physiological
      responses, but not with rate of ethanol elimination. Oral pretreatment with the
      alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor, 4-methylpyrazole, reduced ethanol elimination by
      15-25% and strongly suppressed acetaldehyde accumulation. However, here too there
      was no relation between individual ethanol elimination rate and acetaldehyde
      accumulation. Furthermore, the change in the blood lactate/pyruvate concentration
      ratio after ethanol intake was apparently unrelated to the degree of acetaldehyde
      accumulation. These results, combined with our previous observation of a strong
      negative correlation between increase in heart rate and activity of cytosolic
      aldehyde dehydrogenase in erythrocytes, suggest that in flushing Orientals
      lacking the low-Km aldehyde dehydrogenase isozyme, the alternative cytosolic
      enzyme is responsible for acetaldehyde oxidation, and its activity probably
      determines the individual variation of acetaldehyde-mediated physiological
      responses.

PMID- 6377952
TI  - Effect of chronic ethanol administration on production of and response to
      erythropoietin in the mouse.
AB  - Male adult mice were allowed to drink only a solution of 32% ethyl alcohol for 3
      months. Hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration were lower in ethanol-treated
      than in control mice at the end of the experimental period. Red cell volume was
      not significantly different between both groups. Plasma volume was higher in
      experimental than in control mice. Therefore, the anemia found in ethanol-treated
      mice can be regarded as a dilution anemia. When ethanol-treated and control mice,
      both made polycythemic by hypertransfusion to suppress their endogenous
      erythropoietin formation, were injected with doses of erythropoietin in the range
      of 0.2 to 3.2 IRP units, the derived dose-response curves were markedly different
      because of a reduced response to the hormone by the treated mice. This finding
      suggests that the number of "erythropoietin-responsive cells" may be reduced as
      the result of ethanol, or that their response to the hormone may be delayed or
      inhibited. Plasma erythropoietin concentration in alcohol- treated mice, as
      determined in the posthypoxic polycythemic mouse bioassay, was higher than normal
      in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, probably as the result of the impaired
      responsiveness to the hormone mentioned above.

PMID- 6377954
TI  - Learning achievement in sons of alcoholics.
AB  - Adolescent sons of alcoholics, equated to sons of nonalcoholics on age,
      intelligence, and grade level, performed significantly more poorly on a
      standardized test of educational achievement. Family environment and rated
      behavioral disturbance were not systematically correlated with educational
      achievement. Upon controlling for the effects of psychopathology, the highest and
      most numerous correlations were found between neuropsychological performance and
      educational achievement. These findings suggest that cognitive impairment may be
      associated with the vulnerability for alcoholism.

PMID- 6377953
TI  - A single dose of ethanol suppresses rat embryo development in vivo.
AB  - In humans and animal models, maternal ethanol consumption during pregnancy
      results in a variety of fetal defects collectively termed the fetal alcohol
      syndrome (FAS). Limited follow-up studies suggest that FAS children fail to
      achieve normal physical or mental development despite significant postnatal
      intervention. Although the complete FAS appears to result only when chronic,
      excessive alcohol consumption occurs throughout pregnancy, several investigators
      have suggested that ethanol consumption at intermediate levels may induce
      components of FAS. The defect most consistently observed in neonates exposed to
      ethanol is growth retardation. Even those children whose mothers consume limited
      amounts of ethanol during pregnancy have a significant incidence of fetal growth
      deficiency. We now report that a single dose of ethanol administered to female
      Holtzman rats within 8 hr after mating results in a dose-dependent retardation of
      cell division in the fertilized ova. The growth retardation is sustained up to 42
      hr after the dose and the embryos of young mothers are especially sensitive to
      ethanol. Animals with high blood alcohol levels (greater than 150 mg/100 ml) show
      a significant increase in abnormal embryo morphology. These data suggest that
      maternal consumption of a single dose of ethanol near the time sustained up to 42
      hr after the dose and the embryos of young mothers are especially sensitive to
      ethanol. Animals with high blood alcohol levels (greater than 150 mg/100 ml) show
      a significant increase in abnormal embryo morphology. These data suggest that
      maternal consumption of a single dose of ethanol near the time of conception
      retards embryonic growth and may be detrimental to the developing organism.
      Further, young female rats receiving a high dose of ethanol had significantly
      lower uterine weights and a lower number of corpora lutea per ovary, suggesting
      that a single dose of ethanol has a detrimental effect on maternal reproductive
      ability.

PMID- 6377955
TI  - Effect of sex bias on women's studies on alcoholism.
AB  - Women alcoholics have historically been underrepresented in research studies far
      out of proportion to the difference in male female prevalence rates. This study
      examined disparities in the ways in which male and female alcoholics have been
      studied in the treatment outcome literature and examined the role of sex bias
      (author sex) as a contributing factor. Two hundred fifty-nine studies published
      between 1972 and 1980 were reviewed that reported drinking-related outcome of
      subjects treated with psychological intervention or medication. Only 7.8% of
      subjects sampled in these studies were women. Of greater interest, female authors
      sampled nearly 3 times as many women in proportion to the number of people they
      studied as did male authors; women subjects were more than one and one-half times
      as likely to be followed up by female than by male authors; and 3 times as many
      female as male authors presented data examining sex differences. The same kind of
      differences between male and female authors occurred with respect to specifying
      precise numbers of male and female subjects studied and followed up, and with
      respect to examining prognostic variables related to women's outcome. The data
      suggest that subtle sex bias contributes to inadequate studying of women
      alcoholics.

PMID- 6377956
TI  - Directory of accredited organizations, approved programs/offerings, and
      accredited continuing education certificate programs preparing nurse
      practitioners. March 1984.

PMID- 6377957
TI  - American Nurses' Association. Nursing Hall of Fame.

PMID- 6377958
TI  - The fiftieth anniversary of the use of thiopentone in man.

PMID- 6377959
TI  - Premedication by controlled-release morphine.
AB  - In a double-blind investigation the effect of oral controlled-release morphine
      (MST 30 mg) on pre-operative anxiety was assessed in 50 patients undergoing
      cholecystectomy. The effects on anaesthetic requirements and recovery, and
      postoperative pain were also studied. The patients who received morphine
      treatment were more sedated than those who received the placebo; however there
      was no significant difference in the anxiety scores for both groups of patients.
      During anaesthesia there were no significant differences between the groups,
      although the group of patients who received morphine required less anaesthetic
      supplement, and appeared to recover more slowly than the placebo group. One hour
      postoperatively, the morphine group had significantly less pain and were more
      sedated than the placebo group; the time to the administration of a postoperative
      analgesic was also significantly longer in the morphine group than the placebo
      group.

PMID- 6377960
TI  - Selective affinity chromatography of DNA polymerases with associated 3' to 5'
      exonuclease activities.
AB  - The use of 5'-AMP as a ligand for the affinity chromatography of DNA polymerases
      with intrinsic 3' to 5' exonuclease activities was investigated. The basis for
      this is that 5'-AMP would be expected to act as a ligand for the associated 3' to
      5' exonuclease. The requirements for binding of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase
      I, T4 DNA polymerase, and calf thymus DNA polymerase delta, all of which have
      associated 3' to 5' exonuclease activities, to several commercially available 5'
      AMP supports with different linkages of 5'-AMP to either agarose or cellulose
      were examined. The DNA polymerases which possessed 3' to 5' exonuclease
      activities were bound to agarose types in which the 5'-phosphoryl group and the
      3'-hydroxyl group of the AMP were unsubstituted. Bound enzyme could be eluted by
      either an increase in ionic strength or competitive binding of nucleoside 5'
      monophosphates. Magnesium was found to reinforce the binding of the enzyme to
      these affinity supports. DNA polymerase alpha, which does not have an associated
      3' to 5' exonuclease activity, did not bind to any of these columns. These
      differences can be used to advantage for the purification of DNA polymerases that
      have associated 3' to 5' exonuclease activities, as well as a means for
      establishing the association of 3' to 5' exonuclease activities with DNA
      polymerases.

PMID- 6377961
TI  - Preparation of mouse type I and type II insulins for immunologic studies.
AB  - Mouse pancreata contain comparatively meager amounts of two insulin species,
      types I and II. When these insulins are to be prepared for immunogenetic studies,
      it is desirable to obtain equivalent amounts of both in concentrations suitable
      for immunization. Standard methods, based on isolating single species, favor
      recovery of one type. Moreover, published methods for separation of type I from
      type II produce very dilute insulin solutions. Methods are suggested here to
      overcome these disadvantages.

PMID- 6377962
TI  - Laser photobleaching of human serum: application to fluorescence immunoassays.
AB  - Background fluorescence from serum chromophores is substantially reduced by a
      laser photobleaching method. Human and bovine serum samples were illuminated with
      337-nm light from a pulsed N2 laser for a short period of time. The serum
      emission in the region of 440 to 550 nm was reduced by an order of magnitude with
      no evident damage to serum proteins as judged by the unchanged activity of
      alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase.

PMID- 6377963
TI  - Isoelectrophoretic separation and the detection of soluble proteins containing
      acid-labile phosphate: use of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase
      system as a model system for N1-P-histidine- and N3-P-histidine-containing
      proteins.
AB  - Procedures have been developed for the detection of acid-labile phosphorylations
      of proteins. The phosphoproteins were separated by native isoelectric focusing
      while maintaining the gel at about 0 degree C, and denaturing urea-Nonidet
      isoelectric focusing gels were adapted to run at -10 degrees C. The proteins of
      the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS), HPr,
      which contains 1-P-histidine, and factor IIIglc and enzyme I, which contain 3-P
      histidine when they are phosphorylated, were used to develop the conditions.
      Autoradiography of [32P]-labeled phosphoproteins was carried out on frozen gels
      which had not been acid fixed in order to avoid hydrolysis of the
      phosphohistidines . The frozen gels were subsequently fixed and stained, and
      reautoradiography revealed whether the phosphoproteins were acid stable or
      labile. In addition to the known proteins of the PTS, at least one other protein
      whose phosphorylation was dependent on enzyme I and HPr was found in Salmonella
      typhimurium and Escherichia coli [E.B. Waygood , and R.L. Mattoo (1983) Canad .
      J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 61, 150-153]. Initial experiments with rat tissues have
      demonstrated acid-labile phosphorylations in proteins which were either [gamma
      32P]ATP or [32P]phosphoenolpyruvate dependent. The interconversion of
      phosphoenolpyruvate and ATP in crude extracts of bacterial cells was examined,
      and appropriate controls were found. Protein phosphorylation dependent upon
      phosphoenolpyruvate was much greater in S. typhimurium and E. coli than the
      corresponding ATP-dependent phosphorylation, while the opposite was found for rat
      tissues.

PMID- 6377964
TI  - Extraction of proteins for sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis from protease-rich plant tissues.
AB  - A method of extracting proteins for sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis from plant tissues with high protease activity was described. It
      resolved protein bands in high-molecular-weight regions of the gel and replaced
      commonly used procedures which showed severe degradation of proteins, even in the
      presence of protease inhibitors.

PMID- 6377965
TI  - Analytical chemistry in the conquest of diabetes.

PMID- 6377966
TI  - [A method for the preparation of macroscopic serial sections of human brains at
      defined levels in the topographic aspects of computized axial tomography].
AB  - The authors describe a method to prepare macroscopic serial sections of human
      brain in accord with the computer tomography reference lines. Whole brains were
      orientated after formalin fixation in a special perspex box, embedded in
      polyurethane filling foam (SYSpur) and cut into 5 or 3 mm thick sections.

PMID- 6377967
TI  - [In memoriam Dimitri Kadanoff].

PMID- 6377968
TI  - Morphological characteristics of neocortical laminae when studied in tangential
      semithin sections through the visual cortex of the rabbit.
AB  - In semithin sections cut tangentially with respect to the surface of the cerebral
      cortex and with a side length of at most a few mm, it is extremely difficult to
      be certain which lamina has been sectioned, for instance lamina III or upper
      lamina IV. In order to provide criteria to overcome this difficulty, a systematic
      study was carried out in which 1 micron semithin sections through the visual
      cortex of the rabbit were cut in both the frontal and tangential planes and
      compared with 8-12 micron paraffin sections stained for cells and/or myelin. It
      was found that the arrangement of thick dendrites, of myelinated fibres and of
      unmyelinated profiles which may be either dendrites or neurites, permits
      subdivision of the visual cortex into three characteristic horizontal zones which
      are termed zones A, B and C. The relation between these three zones and the
      cytoarchitectonic pattern is as follows: Zone A corresponds to the
      cytoarchitectonic lamina I; zone B comprises lamina II/III, lamina IV and the
      upper half of lamina V; zone C corresponds to the lower half of lamina V and all
      of lamina VI. Zones A and B can further be subdivided: Zone A consists of two
      layers, whereas zone B can be divided into three tiers, each of which is
      characterized by a particular arrangement of the myelinated and unmyelinated
      profiles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6377969
TI  - The local expression of adult chicken heart myosins during development. I. The
      three days embryonic chicken heart.
AB  - Immunofluorescence studies were performed on serial sections of three days
      embryonic chicken hearts using antibodies specific for adult atrial and
      ventricular myosin heavy chains respectively. The anti-ventricular myosin serum
      reacted with the entire myocardium showing a decreasing intensity going from the
      truncus arteriosus to the atrial part; however, the antiatrial myosin serum
      reacted weakly with the myocardium of the atrial part. Two other interesting
      observations were made, i) the anti-atrial myosin serum reacted with non
      myocardial cells in the cardiac jelly, ii) both antisera reacted with a thin
      myocardial layer, extending from the ventral wall of the atrial part via the
      medio-dorsal wall of the atrio-ventricular canal to the dorsal wall of the
      ventricular part.

PMID- 6377970
TI  - The treatment of male subfertility with kallikrein.
AB  - In a controlled double blind trial the effectiveness and tolerability of
      Kallikrein in patients suffering from astheno-oligozoospermia was examined in
      comparison to placebo. 30 patients with astheno-oligozoospermia of idiopathic
      origin entered the study; they were subdivided into two homogeneous groups of 15
      patients each. Group A was treated with 600 K.U. daily for 3 months, group B
      received placebo tablets. In the Kallikrein group all parameters improved, as
      sperm motility, volume of semen, sperm concentration, total sperm value, and rate
      of normal spermatozoa. No changes of endocrinological findings were observed.
      Three pregnancies occurred in this group. No conceptions were observed in the
      wives of those patients treated with placebo (group B). Tolerability was very
      good in all patients.

PMID- 6377971
TI  - Anesthesia for high-dose total body irradiation in children.

PMID- 6377972
TI  - Superficial temporal artery cannulation in adults.

PMID- 6377973
TI  - Preanesthetic cimetidine and metoclopramide for acid aspiration prophylaxis in
      elective surgery.
AB  - The effect of preanesthetic cimetidine and metoclopramide on gastric contents in
      inpatients undergoing elective surgery was studied. One hundred and fifty
      patients were allocated randomly into six groups with 25 patients in each group.
      Patients in Group 1 served as control. Group 2 patients received metoclopramide
      in the morning. Group 3 patients received cimetidine at bedtime and in the
      morning. Patients in Group 4 received cimetidine at bedtime and metoclopramide in
      the morning. Group 5 patients received cimetidine and metoclopramide in the
      morning, while patients in Group 6 received cimetidine at bedtime and
      metoclopramide and cimetidine in the morning. Cimetidine 300 mg and
      metoclopramide 10 mg were administered by mouth with a sip of water at bedtime or
      in the morning 1-4 h prior to the induction of anesthesia. Patients with gastric
      pH less than or equal to 25 or gastric content volume greater than or equal to 25
      ml were defined to be at risk of pulmonary damage if aspiration should occur. In
      the control group the mean pH and volume of gastric contents were 2.89 and 22.3
      ml, respectively, with 64% of patients with pH less than or equal to 2.5 and 32%
      of patients with volumes of greater than or equal to 25 ml. Cimetidine and
      metoclopramide favorably modified the risk factors in all the experimental
      groups. This study demonstrated that the three groups receiving cimetidine in the
      morning (Groups 3, 5, and 6) had significantly greater mean gastric pH than the
      other groups. Gastric volumes were significantly less in all experimental
      groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6377974
TI  - Demand valve improperly set resulting in pulmonary barotrauma.

PMID- 6377975
TI  - Effectiveness of Bicitra as a preoperative antacid.

PMID- 6377976
TI  - [Hemodynamic changes during long-term artificial pulmonary ventilation with
      positive end-expiratory pressure in terminal-stage patients].

PMID- 6377978
TI  - [History of anesthesiology and resuscitation in philately].

PMID- 6377977
TI  - [The surfactant system of the lungs].

PMID- 6377979
TI  - Diagnostic procedures in allergy III. Office screening for immune deficiency.
AB  - Using the screening tests discussed in this review, the practicing allergist can
      obtain an adequate assessment of the patient's immune system. Using the clinical
      nature of the particular patient's infectious history as a guide to the selection
      of the few simple assays described, the physician can identify those patients who
      require further evaluation of their immune system. In addition, he can assure
      those who have concerns about their own or their children's immune system that it
      is functioning normally.

PMID- 6377980
TI  - Human insulin allergy.
AB  - A 70-year-old female presented with a generalized allergic reaction to
      heterologous insulin. Subsequent epicutaneous testing to human insulin (Humulin)
      evoked a large wheal and flare reaction and generalized pruritus. The institution
      of human insulin therapy in patients allergic to heterologous insulin may cause
      further allergic reactions.

PMID- 6377981
TI  - Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: a case report and review of the literature.
AB  - A 13-year-old boy was hospitalized with gastrointestinal obstruction. During
      evaluation, the total eosinophil count was as high as 3,332/mm. A biopsy specimen
      of the small bowel obtained at laparotomy revealed an intense eosinophilic
      infiltrate of the muscularis. Symptoms were controlled with glucocorticoid
      therapy. The case is unusual in that the eosinophilic gastroenteritis presented
      as childhood gastrointestinal obstructive disease with involvement of the colon
      but sparing of the stomach.

PMID- 6377982
TI  - Acute immune complex mediated glomerulonephritis in a Chinese girl with Wiskott
      Aldrich syndrome variant.
AB  - This study presents a 12-year-old girl with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome variant, who
      developed acute glomerulonephritis without history of transfer factor therapy and
      the efficacy of splenectomy for the control of the patient's thrombocytopenia.
      The patient presented with eczema, severe thrombocytopenia and immunodeficiency.
      The impaired immunity was featured by impaired delayed hypersensitivity and
      lymphoproliferative response to nonspecific mitogen, low serum IgM, low
      isohaemagglutinins, recurrent infections and high IgE. She developed hematuria
      about one month prior to admission. For her severe thrombocytopenia splenectomy
      was performed and proved to be effective. At the time of splenectomy, renal
      biopsy was done and showed proliferative glomerulonephritis with coarse granular
      deposition of immunoglobulins (IgA and IgM) and C3. Electron microscopy
      demonstrated granular electron-dense deposits in the glomerulus, indicating an
      immune complex glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 6377984
TI  - [History of the benzodiazepines].

PMID- 6377983
TI  - A three year controlled study in children with pollinosis treated with
      immunotherapy.
AB  - The clinical course of 87 children with pollen induced rhinitis or both rhinitis
      and asthma was followed in a prospective controlled study over a three year
      period. All children were treated with specific IT. The long term results have
      shown that IT was successful in 94% of children with asthma and rhinitis and 90%
      with rhinitis given more than 80,000 PNU. By contrast, the outcome of 78 selected
      controls also followed during the same period who did not receive IT was almost
      exactly the opposite. In addition to demonstrating the clinical effectiveness of
      IT, the authors stress the relationship among successful results, highest
      tolerated doses, and larger cumulative dosage which is irrespective of the
      duration of the therapy. The authors also discuss whether the children in the
      control group should be injected with placebo solutions or treated with all
      available medication.

PMID- 6377985
TI  - [Increase in functional residual capacity induced by positive end-expiratory
      pressure. Prediction using the thoracopulmonary pressure curve].
AB  - Prediction of FRC using a respiratory P-V curve (2 1 syringe method) has been
      tested in eight patients with normal lungs and in 12 ARDS patients. FRC was
      measured using nitrogen dilution technique with a closed circuit. Correlation
      between measured and predicted FRC was excellent, especially when the expiratory
      limb of the P-V curve was used (r = 0.92, in patients with pulmonary edema, and r
      = 0,97 when patients were evaluated after a few weeks). PEEP induced increase in
      FRC was larger between 10 and 20 cmH2O than between 0 and 10 cmH2O. As expected,
      Qs/Qt decrease was correlated with the FRC augmentation.

PMID- 6377986
TI  - Duration of hypoglycemia and need for intravenous glucose following intentional
      overdoses of insulin.
AB  - To assess the treatment of intentional insulin overdoses with intravenous (IV)
      glucose, we reviewed the records of 17 attempts in 15 patients seen during a ten
      year period. The mean age of our patients was 29 +/- 9 years, and the mean
      overdose of insulin was 386 +/- 276 units. Eight patients were insulin-dependent
      diabetics and seven patients had no history of diabetes. We found that the
      nondiabetics were more likely to present with hypoglycemia (serum glucose less
      than 50 mg/dL) and develop recurrent hypoglycemia, despite oral intake and IV
      glucose infusion, than were diabetic patients (P less than .05, Fisher's exact
      test). We also found a significant relation (P less than .01) between the amount
      of insulin taken as a single overdose and either the total amount of IV glucose
      administered or the total time of IV glucose treatment until the hypoglycemic
      effects of excess insulin had resolved (glucose [g] = 52 + (.699) (dose U), R =
      .929 and time [h] = 10.5 + (.028) (dose U), R = .817). No patient sustained
      permanent complications from hypoglycemia. We conclude that prolonged, aggressive
      IV glucose infusion and serial monitoring of serum glucose levels is required in
      insulin overdoses. These patients may become hypoglycemic much later than
      predicted from the conventional duration of action of the various insulin
      preparations.

PMID- 6377987
TI  - Relationship of cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity to protection from challenge
      exposure with Salmonella typhimurium in calves.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to relate cutaneous delayed
      hypersensitivity reactions to the degree of immunity induced in calves given a
      live virulent or a modified-live strain of Salmonella typhimurium. Calves were
      placed into 1 of 5 groups on the basis of the vaccinal strain given and route of
      the vaccination: (I) nonvaccinated controls, (II) vaccinated twice by IM
      inoculation with small doses of the live virulent strain, (III) vaccinated (IM)
      twice with the modified-live strain, (IV) vaccinated (orally) twice with the
      modified-live strains, and (V) vaccinated (IM, and then orally) twice with the
      modified-live strain. Skin testing was performed by intradermal injection of
      fragmented S typhimurium as antigen. Double skin fold thickness and visual
      assessments were recorded at 3, 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours after antigen was
      administered. Biopsy samples for histopathologic evaluation were obtained. After
      vaccination and skin testing were complete, calves were orally challenge exposed
      with 1.5 X 10(11) virulent S typhimurium. Cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity
      reactions (48 hours) were observed in all except controls (group I) and 2 of 3
      calves vaccinated orally with the modified-live vaccine strain (group IV).
      Significant correlations between positive skin tests and protection from
      challenge exposure were observed except in group V calves, in which positive skin
      test results were seen, but adequacy of the immunity (or survival after challenge
      exposure) was inconsistent.

PMID- 6377988
TI  - Controlled and clinical evaluations of the anthelmintic activity of a levamisole
      pour-on formulation against gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle.
AB  - Beef-type calves (n = 107) with naturally occurring helminth infections were used
      in a series of 3 controlled experiments to study the anthelmintic activity of a
      new pour-on formulation of levamisole. In the 1st experiment, the efficacy of a
      single treatment of levamisole pour-on at a rate of 10 mg/kg of body weight was
      determined, using a placebo pour-on in a similar volume as a control. In the 2nd
      experiment, calves were treated with levamisole pour-on at doses 0 (nontreated
      control), 7.5, 10, or 12.5 mg/kg of body weight. In the 3rd experiment, the
      anthelmintic efficacy of the optimal dose of levamisole pour-on (10 mg/kg of body
      weight) was compared with that of injectable levamisole at the recommended rate
      (6 mg/kg of body weight). In all 3 studies, levamisole pour-on, at a dosage of 10
      mg/kg of body weight, was efficacious (90% to 100%) against the adult forms of
      Trichostrongylus axei, Haemonchus placei, Ostertagia ostertagi, Cooperia spp,
      Oesophagostomum radiatum, Nematodirus spp, and Bunostomum phlebotomum. Efficacy
      was moderate to good against Capillaria bovis, and poor or inconsistent against
      Strongyloides papillosus and Trichuris ovis. Clinical tests of anthelmintic
      efficacy and local tolerance of levamisole pour-on were conducted in 371 beef and
      dairy cattle in Mexico. Fecal egg counts were consistently reduced 2 weeks after
      a single application of levamisole pour-on at a dosage of 10 mg/kg of body
      weight. Local reactions were limited to various degrees of dry hair coat for up
      to 2 weeks at the application site. Hair loss or skin abnormalities were not
      observed in any of the treated cattle.

PMID- 6377989
TI  - Comparison of complement fixation test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for
      detection of early infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.
AB  - The relative merits of the complement-fixation test (CF) and enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of the early antibody response to
      Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae were evaluated. Discriminant analysis, a statistical
      procedure, was used to avoid difficulties associated with variation in background
      color and nonspecific reactions obtained with ELISA with different sera. Specific
      pathogen-free pigs were exposed by contact to other specific-pathogen-free pigs
      which had been inoculated with M hyopneumoniae intratracheally (experiment A) or
      intranasally (experiment B) 18 to 21 days previously. Sera were collected from
      each pig before contact exposure and once a week until necropsy. Antibodies were
      detected by CF at postexposure (PE) week 3 in animals in experiment A (6 of 18)
      and at PE week 5 in experiment B (3 of 12). The ELISA antibodies were detected at
      2 weeks after beginning of contact exposure in experiments A (4 of 18) and B (1
      of 12). Examination of pooled data for experiments A and B indicated that ELISA
      was substantially (P less than 0.05) more sensitive for detection of antibodies
      than was the CF test at 3 to 5 weeks after contact exposure began. At PE weeks 6
      and 7, both tests were similarly effective in detecting M hyopneumoniae
      antibodies.

PMID- 6377990
TI  - Immunofluorescence studies of renal basement membranes in dogs with spontaneous
      diabetes.
AB  - Renal tissue from 12 dogs with spontaneous diabetes and 16 control dogs were
      studied by light, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopies. Significant
      linear staining for immunoglobulin G and albumin were observed in the glomerular
      and tubular basement membranes of dogs with spontaneous diabetes--similar to that
      observed in human diabetes. On immunohistochemical grounds, it would appear that
      the dog with spontaneous diabetes is an appropriate model of diabetes in persons.

PMID- 6377991
TI  - An evaluation of ivermectin in the treatment of sarcoptic mange in dogs.
AB  - A colony of mixed-breed dogs (n = 298) naturally infested with Sarcoptes scabiei
      was treated, twice, with 200 micrograms of ivermectin/kg of body weight
      subcutaneously at 14-day intervals. After the initial injection, positive skin
      scrapings from 20 treated dogs decreased from 7 to 1 and the degree of pruritus
      decreased. In contrast, positive skin scrapings from 22 nontreated dogs increased
      from 10 to 14, and there was an additional deterioration in the condition of the
      skin and an increase in the degree of pruritus. Complete control was noticed in
      all treated dogs by posttreatment day 28 (14 days after a 2nd injection) based on
      negative skin scrapings.

PMID- 6377992
TI  - Proline-rich proteins are present in serous cells of submucosal glands in the
      respiratory tract.
AB  - Using antibodies to basic and acidic proline-rich proteins (PRP) of salivary
      origin, we detected PRP immunoreactivity in serous cells of human nasal,
      laryngeal, and tracheobronchial glands by an immunoperoxidase technique.
      Immunoreactive PRP, detected by immunoblotting from SDS gels, were also found in
      culture mediums from tracheal explants. We hypothesize that PRP, by interacting
      with glycoproteins of mucus as other proteins do, may be necessary for
      maintaining the appropriate viscoelastic properties of respiratory secretions.
      Thus, PRP may play an important role in disease of the respiratory tract, such as
      chronic bronchitis, asthma, and cystic fibrosis and may serve important normal
      functions in addition to those previously identified in the oral cavity.

PMID- 6377993
TI  - Retention of intact cells on bronchoscopy brushes after cleaning.
AB  - Reusable nylon bristle bronchoscopy brushes were evaluated to assess whether
      cytologically recognizable cells could be retained on the bristles after
      conventional cleaning techniques. Twenty brushes were used during bronchoscopy; 5
      brushes were inserted directly into freshly resected neoplasms. The brushes were
      then scrubbed and rinsed in chlorhexidine gluconate, iodine, and alcohol, and air
      dried. Several days later fresh cytologic specimens were prepared from the
      apparently clean brushes. Eighty percent of the cytologic specimens exhibited
      strands of mucus, most containing well-preserved alveolar macrophages,
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and ciliated epithelial cells. Although no
      malignant cells were retained, it is clear that conventional cleaning techniques
      are inadequate for the removal of cells and acellular debris. Consideration
      should be given to immersing brushes in acetylcysteine or employing disposable
      brushes.

PMID- 6377994
TI  - A controlled trial of intermittent positive pressure breathing, incentive
      spirometry, and deep breathing exercises in preventing pulmonary complications
      after abdominal surgery.
AB  - Controversy exists regarding the routine use of aids to lung expansion in the
      prevention of pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery. We prospectively
      randomized 172 patients into 1 of 4 groups: the control group (44 patients)
      received no respiratory treatment, the IPPB group (45 patients) received
      intermittent positive pressure breathing therapy for 15 min 4 times daily, the IS
      group (42 patients) was treated with incentive spirometry 4 times daily, and the
      DBE group (41 patients) carried out deep breathing exercises under supervision
      for 15 min 4 times daily. Roentgenographic changes, observed 24 h after surgery,
      were comparable in the 4 groups (20.5 to 36.6%). Pulmonary complications were
      defined as the development of 3 or more of 6 new findings: cough, phlegm,
      dyspnea, chest pain, temperature greater than 38 degrees C, pulse rate more than
      100 beats/min. The frequency of development of pulmonary complications was 48% in
      the control group, 22% in the IPPB group (p less than 0.05), 21% in the IS group
      (p less than 0.05), and 22% in the DBE group (p less than 0.05). Side effects of
      respiratory treatment were observed only in the IPPB group (18%; p less than
      0.05). Hospital stay in patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery was
      significantly shorter in the IS group (mean +/- SD, 8.6 +/- 3 days) than in the
      control group (13 +/- 5 days). This difference was not observed for the other 2
      treatment groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6377995
TI  - An immunocytochemical/histochemical approach to tracheobronchial mucus
      characterization in the rabbit.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies have been made against components of rabbit respiratory
      mucous secretions, and these were used to localize secretory products in the
      respiratory epithelium by immunocytochemical methods. The antigen recognized by
      one antibody was localized within granules of mucous cells containing sulfated
      glycoprotein. This antibody also reacted with the ciliated surface layer of upper
      respiratory airways and mucous cells of colonic epithelium. However, only a
      subset of respiratory mucous cells containing sulfated glycoprotein, as
      determined by histochemistry, reacted with this monoclonal antibody. Other
      antibodies also recognized antigens on the ciliated surface of the rabbit
      respiratory tree but not in intracellular mucus. Thus, a library of monoclonal
      antibodies made against respiratory mucous secretions should represent an
      effective approach to defining the mucous lining of normal and diseased
      respiratory airways.

PMID- 6377996
TI  - Meningitis caused by Mycobacterium fortuitum.
AB  - A previously healthy 16-yr-old Caucasian male developed a relapsing purulent
      meningitis shortly after a motor accident in Venezuela, in which he received a
      small wound with a retained foreign body in the sacral region. Repeated initial
      physical examinations, radiographs of lumbar and sacral regions, and contrast
      myelography failed to demonstrate a cerebrospinal fluid leak or bone involvement,
      and Mycobacterium fortuitum was repeatedly isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid.
      Finally, from the originally "cured" lumbar wound a purulent material was
      obtained from which M. fortuitum was also isolated. A retained foreign body was
      removed, and an abscess and fistulous tract were incised and drained. The patient
      responded dramatically to the combination of isoniazid plus co-trimoxazole and
      surgery.

PMID- 6377997
TI  - A controlled trial of 2-month, 3-month, and 12-month regimens of chemotherapy for
      sputum-smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis. Results at 60 months.
AB  - Of 1,019 Chinese patients with radiologically active pulmonary tuberculosis but
      with sputum negative for acid-fast bacilli on 5 initial microscopic examinations
      who were studied for 5 yr, 364 (36%) had 1 or more initial sputum cultures
      positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. All 1,019 patients were randomly
      allocated to (1) selective chemotherapy (antituberculosis chemotherapy not being
      started until the disease had been confirmed to be active); or to (2) daily
      streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide for 2 months; or (3) for 3
      months; or to (4) a standard 12-month control regimen. In the 364 patients with 1
      or more of their initial sputum cultures positive, the short-course regimens were
      inadequate, being followed by relapse rates of 32 and 13%, respectively, during
      60 months, compared with 5% in the control series. In the 655 patients with all
      their initial cultures negative, the corresponding relapse rates were 11, 7, and
      2%. In the selective chemotherapy series, 57% of the patients had treatment
      started during the 60 months because their disease was confirmed to be active.

PMID- 6377998
TI  - Toward prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications.

PMID- 6377999
TI  - Relationship between regional ventilation and aerosol deposition in tidal
      breathing.
AB  - The regional distribution of the deposition of 1.2 micron particles of 99mTc
      sulfur colloid inhaled by tidal breathing was compared with the distribution of
      ventilation as measured by a 133Xe washout technique. Twelve subjects were
      studied, 6 with normal pulmonary function tests, 5 with air-flow limitation, and
      1 with unilateral phrenic nerve paralysis. Both xenon and aerosol were inhaled at
      tidal volume by the subjects while seated upright. A large field gamma camera
      acquired posterior scans. Thirteen experiments were also done on 7 dogs: 1 with
      extrathoracic obstruction of the airway to 1 lung, and 12 with
      bronchoconstriction from the instillation of methacholine chloride into the
      airways of a lower lobe. Two of these dogs were studied with a gamma camera
      system, and the others were studied with a Picker multi-probe system. Both in
      humans and in dogs, an increase in time constant, which indicated a decrease in
      ventilation, was associated with an increase in peripheral aerosol deposition
      when normalized for ventilation. It is suggested that the increased residence
      time is responsible for the increased deposition in regions that received lesser
      ventilation.

PMID- 6378000
TI  - Bacterial peritonitis. Protecting the high-risk patient.
AB  - Cefamandole in combination with tobramycin was evaluated in the treatment of
      peritonitis as an adjunct to laparotomy and performance of the indicated surgical
      procedure in 88 patients. The clinical response was judged satisfactory in 91 per
      cent. Of four deaths, only one could be attributed to infection. Side effects
      noted were decreased creatinine clearance in 16 patients, increased liver enzymes
      in ten patients, and eosinophilia in nine patients. Microbiologic studies
      revealed aerobic peritonitis in 44 cultures and anaerobic in 32. Eighty-five per
      cent of the gram-negative and 69 per cent of the gram-positive strains were
      susceptible to cefamandole. Cefamandole alone or in combination with tobramycin
      appears to be an effective and safe antibiotic when used in appropriate doses for
      the treatment of bacterial peritonitis.

PMID- 6378001
TI  - A method of controlling hemorrhage for resection of massive hemangiomas of the
      liver.
AB  - Massive hemangiomas of the liver can be resected without troublesome bleeding by
      using Teflon strips sutured together with catgut sutures. A technique to control
      hemorrhage in resections of liver hemangiomas is described.

PMID- 6378002
TI  - Long-term survival after marrow transplantation for paroxysmal nocturnal
      hemoglobinuria with aplastic anemia.
AB  - Four patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and severe marrow aplasia
      were given marrow grafts either from allogeneic human-leukocyte-antigen-identical
      siblings (three patients) or from a syngeneic donor (one patient). The patients
      with allogeneic grafts were conditioned with regimens that included
      cyclophosphamide and had sustained and complete marrow engraftment; subsequent
      tests were negative for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. One patient
      developed chronic graft-versus-host disease that resolved over 4 years. The
      patient receiving a syngeneic graft received marrow infusion without preceding
      immunosuppression. He had prompt engraftment, and hematologic variables returned
      to normal. A Ham's test done at 3 years was negative, but a complement lysis
      sensitivity test done 10 years after grafting was positive; the patient, however,
      remains asymptomatic. All four patients are alive and well 4, 9, 10, and 12 years
      after transplantation. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria apparently can be
      treated successfully by allogeneic or syngeneic marrow transplantation without
      subsequent maintenance therapy.

PMID- 6378003
TI  - Legionella pneumophila serogroup 9: a cause of human pneumonia.
AB  - A new serogroup of Legionella pneumophila was isolated from bronchoscopic
      washings and an open-lung biopsy specimen of a patient from California with
      pneumonia. A serologically identical isolate was obtained from tap water of a
      hospital ward in the Netherlands, and a fatal case of pneumonia in a patient from
      Virginia was shown retrospectively to have been caused by this new organism. The
      type strain of what is now serogroup 9 of L. pneumophila is IN-23-G1-C2 (American
      Type Culture Collection no. 35289). Disease caused by L. pneumophila serogroup 9
      is not apparently different from that caused by other L. pneumophila serogroups.

PMID- 6378004
TI  - Treatment of intestinal cryptosporidiosis with spiramycin.
AB  - Nine male patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and one female
      patient who had an allogeneic bone marrow transplant for acute myeloblastic
      leukemia in relapse developed severe debilitating diarrhea. Cryptosporidium
      species were found in the stools of all patients. After receiving treatment with
      spiramycin for 1 week, five patients had complete resolution of the diarrhea and
      four patients had symptomatic improvement. One patient responded gradually and
      the diarrhea resolved after 30 days of treatment with spiramycin.

PMID- 6378005
TI  - Cryptosporidiosis after marrow transplantation: person-to-person transmission and
      treatment with spiramycin.

PMID- 6378006
TI  - Unexplained vomiting: a diagnostic challenge.
AB  - When vomiting is not related to preventing the entry of physically or chemically
      unsuitable substances into the absorbing gut, it may be regarded as pathologic.
      The commonest causes of chronic vomiting are structural lesions affecting the
      mucosa of the upper gastrointestinal tract (often with luminal obstruction) and
      psychogenic disorders. Diseases affecting extrinsic and intrinsic neural control
      of gut motility and visceral smooth muscle may also cause unexplained vomiting. A
      stratified management approach to patients with vomiting is suggested. The first
      assessment is aimed at exclusion of mucosal lesions of the upper gut and systemic
      or psychiatric disease that may affect it. Second is a therapeutic trial, usually
      with a prokinetic agent. The final phase, reserved for recalcitrant undiagnosed
      patients, is evaluation at special centers with gastric emptying studies,
      gastrointestinal manometry, other electrophysiologic studies, and, in a few
      patients, laparotomy with examination of full-thickness biopsy specimens of the
      small intestine.

PMID- 6378007
TI  - Catheter ablation of arrhythmias.
AB  - The ability to localize the sites of origin of arrhythmias or those sites
      critical to their maintenance or their life-threatening consequences has provided
      the potential for ablating these arrhythmias by delivering shocks through
      catheters at these critical sites. The capability of treating various arrhythmias
      by the delivery of shocks through catheters placed at specific intracardiac sites
      is being studied. These techniques are being evaluated for the creation of
      atrioventricular blocks to control the ventricular response during
      supraventricular arrhythmias and for the ablation of bypass tracts and foci of
      ventricular tachycardia. Complications, including cardiac rupture, and variable
      success rates make it imperative that such studies only be done by well-trained
      electrophysiologists. As current techniques evolve, catheter ablation may prove
      to be a reasonable alternative to pharmacologic or surgical management of
      patients with disabling arrhythmias.

PMID- 6378008
TI  - Plasmids and the virulence of enteric and other bacterial pathogens.

PMID- 6378009
TI  - American College of Physicians Ethics Manual. Part II: Research, other ethical
      issues. Recommended reading. Ad Hoc Committee on Medical Ethics, American College
      Of Physicians.

PMID- 6378010
TI  - [Insulin therapy in 1984].

PMID- 6378011
TI  - Clinical pharmacology of amiodarone.

PMID- 6378012
TI  - Utility of electrophysiologic studies in the management of tachycardia, sudden
      death, and syncope.
AB  - The demonstrable value of EP studies for any given diagnostic or therapeutic
      category, in the last analysis, is largely a function of the subjects studied.
      Extrapolations from published data (that generally reflect a highly select
      patient population) to an individual patient can be fraught with error.
      Considerations of sensitivity and specificity must be balanced against the
      important need for information in patients at risk from life-threatening
      arrhythmias. We must never forget, however, that the EP substrate for any
      arrhythmia is not, as one might wish, a "black box" that should be expected to
      respond in a reproducible fashion to stimulation. The substrate is dynamic and
      subject to modification by change in autonomic tone, stretch, blood flow, basal
      rate, pH, electrolytes, oxygenation, and exposure to perhaps as yet undiscovered
      humoral mediators. The challenge to the clinical electrophysiologist is therefore
      not to exaggerate his efforts in one direction (i.e. programmed stimulation)
      while disregarding the other variables mentioned. Nor should we be disappointed
      and discard this approach because our expectations of an oversimplified model of
      arrhythmia testing are not fulfilled. Thus, in addition to careful stratification
      of patients, baseline studies should perhaps be carried out with more deliberate
      consideration of autonomic tone (exercise, isoproterenol), stretch (volume,
      handgrip, afterload), stress (physical and psychological), local anesthetic used,
      and body position. Only in this way will the scientific basis for acute and
      chronic EP testing be firmly established.

PMID- 6378013
TI  - Myocardial perfusion and neurally induced cardiac arrhythmias.

PMID- 6378014
TI  - Bradycardia at onset of sudden death: potential mechanisms.

PMID- 6378015
TI  - Update of postinfarction-risk stratification: physiologic variables.

PMID- 6378016
TI  - Pacing methods for the treatment of recurrent paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 6378017
TI  - Treatment of patients with life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias.

PMID- 6378018
TI  - Selection of optimal drug treatment of ventricular tachycardia by programmed
      electrical stimulation of the heart.

PMID- 6378019
TI  - New approaches in the electrophysiological determination of optimal treatment of
      recurrent tachyarrhythmias.

PMID- 6378020
TI  - The clinical relevance of afterdepolarizations.

PMID- 6378021
TI  - Emergence of new approaches for disease detection.

PMID- 6378022
TI  - Use of flow microfluorometry in bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 6378023
TI  - Enzyme analysis for the diagnosis of infectious diseases.

PMID- 6378024
TI  - Automated methods of bacterial susceptibility testing.

PMID- 6378025
TI  - Ion-selective electrodes and their clinical application in the continuous ion
      monitoring.

PMID- 6378026
TI  - Immunochemical potentiometric sensors.

PMID- 6378027
TI  - Noninvasive assessment in vivo of hepatic drug metabolism in health and disease.
AB  - Despite the availability of techniques and concepts for examining the physiologic
      processes of drug disposition and clearance by the liver in normal subjects and
      in patients with liver disease, important questions remain in this field. Major
      problems include high inducibility of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes, even in
      patients with liver disease (normal drug clearances can occur in liver disease
      patients who chronically ingest drugs that induce these enzymes); poor
      correlation between routine liver function tests, such as SGOT, SGPT, alkaline
      phosphatase, and bilirubin, and alterations of hepatic drug metabolism in
      hepatocellular disease; failure of all drugs to be similarly affected in liver
      disease, even for drugs with similar metabolic pathways. Nevertheless, certain
      test drugs, such as antipyrine and aminopyrine, whose clearances from plasma or
      saliva closely reflect their hepatic metabolism, may serve as probes to explore
      under normal and disease conditions how drugs are handled in the liver.
      Nevertheless, limitations in the use of antipyrine and aminopyrine metabolism as
      tests of hepatic function must be recognized: special conditions of patients may
      render results of these tests by themselves impossible to interpret. Utilizing
      additional drug substrates and measuring rates of formation of individual
      metabolites, as well as disappearance of parent drug, investigators may be able
      to research more effectively and in greater detail for interrelationships between
      liver disease and the processes of hepatic drug metabolism, hepatic blood flow,
      and even other, as yet unidentified, processes that influence liver and drugs
      interactions.

PMID- 6378028
TI  - Flow cytometric analysis of T cells: diagnostic applications in transplantation.

PMID- 6378029
TI  - Current concepts of X-ray microanalysis of frozen hydrated tissue.

PMID- 6378030
TI  - Treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

PMID- 6378031
TI  - Serotonergic function in the affective disorders: the effect of antidepressants
      and lithium on the 5-hydroxytryptophan-induced increase in serum cortisol.

PMID- 6378032
TI  - CNS dopamine autoreceptors: distribution, pharmacology, and function.

PMID- 6378033
TI  - A new penetrating keratoplasty donor button forceps.
AB  - A cross-action, notched bifixation forceps for keratoplasty donor button transfer
      and initial cardinal suturing is described.

PMID- 6378034
TI  - Breast reconstruction: a review.
AB  - Remarkable advances have been made in the field of breast reconstruction,
      especially since general surgeons, patients, and the community as a whole have
      become more knowledgeable and accepting. This has provided an impetus for plastic
      surgeons to develop better techniques, many of which are reviewed here. In
      general, less time now elapses between ablative and reconstructive surgery, and
      frequently reconstruction follows immediately. Procedures requiring fewer steps
      with less donor and recipient site morbidity are favored for both the mound and
      nipple areolar reconstruction. There is a definite trend toward submuscular
      implantation to minimize the negative effects of capsular contracture. With a
      deficiency of skin or muscle, the trend is toward using musculocutaneous flaps
      primarily, latissimus dorsi, and more recently the rectus abdominis flap.
      Occasionally, microvascular flap reconstruction is indicated for extensive chest
      wall defects, e.g., postirradiation injury. Reconstructed breasts are not capable
      of nourishment, frequently are not erogenous , and most often are not as pleasing
      to the eye as the contralateral breast. Yet reconstruction has, in the majority
      of cases, improved the quality of life for those women who have developed breast
      cancer and offered hope to those women in a high-risk category for developing
      breast cancer. To those ends, the search for the perfect breast reconstruction
      will continue.

PMID- 6378035
TI  - An interview with Roberto Farina. Conducted by Ricardo Baroudi.

PMID- 6378036
TI  - Maintaining the first knot in instrument tying.
AB  - A novel technique from the British is described for maintaining the first knot in
      instrument tying. Other techniques or tricks often used frequently fail. With a
      little practice, the second knot is no longer a problem.

PMID- 6378037
TI  - Island toe flaps in neurotrophic ulcers of the foot and ankle.
AB  - Eight plantar island toe flaps for the management of 7 neurotrophic ulcers of the
      foot and ankle are presented. The plantar vascular anatomy is reviewed with
      emphasis on functional features and alternate sources of supply. The surgical
      technique closely parallels that of the Littler neurovascular island flap in the
      hand. The release of the plantar fascia by incision is the most important
      technical step in the flap transfer. The procedure is advantageous because it
      substitutes weight-bearing skin, causes minimal disruption of the plantar
      anatomy, and is effective even in the presence of small vessel disease.

PMID- 6378038
TI  - Skin grafting herpetic ulcers.
AB  - Recurrent and chronic herpetic skin ulcers are associated with the persistence of
      virus in the dorsal root ganglia serving the respective dermatomes. Descriptions
      of surgical approaches to control herpetic skin disease have recently appeared in
      the medical literature. We report the successful excision and skin grafting of
      chronic genital ulcers. Our subsequent animal studies support our expectations
      that potential seeding and reinfection of the grafted skin can occur following
      graft reinnervation. This problem must be watched for following grafts of
      herpetic ulcers in humans.

PMID- 6378039
TI  - The treatment of ulcers in patients with mycosis fungoides with split-thickness
      skin grafts.
AB  - Five patients have recently been treated at this institution for skin ulcerations
      caused by mycosis fungoides and its treatment with total body electron beam
      radiation therapy. Both the disease and its treatment can injure epidermal
      appendages as well as the blood supply to the skin. As a result of this potential
      damage, there was initial concern that skin grafts might not take and donor sites
      might not heal in these patients. Though skin grafting has not been universally
      successful, we have been able to skin graft the majority of the ulcerated lesions
      in these patients with good results. Donor sites have healed, though more slowly
      than usual. Skin grafting can be effective for treating ulcers in patients who
      have undergone total body electron beam radiation therapy for mycosis fungoides.

PMID- 6378040
TI  - An ideal stent for reliable and efficient skin graft application.
AB  - A simple, efficient, yet expedient method producing an ideal stent has proved to
      be highly reliable in over 150 clinical cases. When performed technically
      correctly, 100% graft take may be anticipated under most grafting circumstances.
      The method uses Reston (3-M Company, St. Paul, MN), a synthetic urethane foam
      pad, as the stent material. Reston has intrinsic compressibility; therefore, a
      consistent external pressure can uniformly be exerted within the effective
      physiological range needed to achieve graft take. The stent is stapled in
      position and does not depend upon the mechanical forces generated by tissue
      elasticity. Several advantages inherent to the method include rapid and efficient
      surgical application, ease of postoperative care, use in clean or contaminated
      wounds, and effective and reliable graft survival. The pitfalls of other
      techniques are avoided. An in vitro study demonstrated the magnitude of the
      physiological pressures (mm Hg) applied by the elasticity of Reston when stapled
      in a simulated wound.

PMID- 6378041
TI  - Effect of intraarterial prostacyclin on survival of skin flaps in the pig:
      biphasic response.
AB  - Previous research has implicated arachidonic acid metabolites in the failure of
      the distal dying flap. The progressive ischemic necrosis has been postulated to
      be secondary to excessive thromboxane A2 production, which upsets the normal
      balance between prostacyclin and thromboxane. We have examined the effect of
      continuous intraarterial prostacyclin infusion on axial skin flap survival in the
      pig, in an effort to reestablish homeostasis. We found prostacyclin to have a
      biphasic effect upon the flap survival. Low-dose locally administered
      prostacyclin was of benefit in flap salvage; however, the complicated
      pharmacological effect of the agent is emphasized.

PMID- 6378042
TI  - Orthotopic and heterotopic transplantation of the heart: the Cape Town
      experience.
AB  - The world's first human-to-human heart transplant was performed at Groote Schuur
      Hospital on the 2nd December 1967. Between 1967 and 1973, 10 patients underwent
      orthotopic heart transplantation. Four lived for more than 1 year. The longest
      survivor died after 12 1/2 years, and one patient remains alive and fully
      employed 11 1/2 years after transplantation. Since 1974, 44 patients have
      undergone heterotopic heart transplantation, whereby the donor heart is inserted
      in parallel with the recipient's own heart. Four of these patients have undergone
      retransplantation for acute or chronic rejection. Survival has been almost 60%
      for 1 year, falling to 21% by 5 years. The major complications of heart
      transplantation have been early acute and late chronic rejection;
      immunosuppression has been complicated by a high incidence of infection,
      particularly during the first year, and by a 10% incidence of the development of
      malignant tumors. A portable hypothermic perfusion system has been developed to
      store and transport donor hearts for periods of up to 24 hours.

PMID- 6378043
TI  - Early days of anaesthesia in sheffield.
AB  - An account is given of the early days of anaesthesia in Sheffield with reference
      to articles published in local newspapers.

PMID- 6378044
TI  - Prevention of complications during embolotherapy of the lung.

PMID- 6378045
TI  - Lorcainide in the prophylaxis of ventricular arrhythmias in acute myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - Lorcainide, a new class I antiarrhythmic agent, was administered intravenously to
      eight patients with acute myocardial infarction for 24 hours, and thereafter
      given by mouth, 200 mg daily for ten days. Ten control infarction patients were
      given lidocaine 3 mg/min during the first 24 hours and the oral betablocking
      agent, pindolol, for the following ten days. The two groups were comparable with
      respect to age, sex, onset-admission interval, and site and size of infarction.
      Ventricular premature beats were monitored with a 24-hour continuous ECG
      recording on days 1, 6 and 10. Complex ventricular premature beats were common
      during the first 24 hours of infarction; their occurrence and severity were
      similar in both groups, as judged by the Lown grading system. The plasma levels
      of lorcainide after the 24-hour infusion ranged 72-144 ng/ml (mean 95 ng/ml). On
      the sixth day, 12 hours after previous oral dose, lorcainide plasma levels ranged
      11-82 ng/ml (mean 42 ng/ml). No major adverse effects were noticed, mild insomnia
      being the most disturbing reaction. It is concluded that lorcainide is an
      acceptable alternative to lidocaine in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias
      in the acute stage of myocardial infarction. It has the advantage of being
      effective by oral route, too.

PMID- 6378046
TI  - A study of cardiovascular risk factors and their determinants in finnish
      children.
AB  - This report describes the results of a cross-sectional study of risk factors for
      cardiovascular diseases and their determinants among Finnish children. A random
      sample of 634 subjects (three- and 12-year-old girls and boys, and 17-year-old
      boys) was selected, and 72% of the subjects invited participated. The children
      were from five cities and their rural surroundings, representing various parts of
      Finland. Of the total energy intake, 14% was obtained from protein, 36% and 38
      39% from fat, and 50% and 47-48% from carbohydrate by the three- and 12-year-old
      children, respectively. The mean polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids (P/S)
      ratio for the whole series was 0.21, rural children having a lower ratio than
      urban children. In the three- and 12-year-old children the mean plasma
      cholesterol concentrations were 4.8 and 4.9 mmol/l, HDL-cholesterol 1.3 and 1.5
      mmol/l and triglycerides 0.83 and 0.87 mmol/l, respectively. These plasma
      cholesterol concentrations are high by international standards. In the 17-year
      old boys the mean plasma cholesterol was 4.3, and HDL-cholesterol 1.2 mmol/l,
      respectively. Plasma cholesterol values were higher in eastern than in western
      Finland in the older children. The relationship between plasma lipid
      concentrations and the composition of the diet was apparent in the 12-year-old
      group.

PMID- 6378047
TI  - Exaggerated inflammatory responsiveness plays a part in the pathogenesis of HLA
      B27 linked diseases--hypothesis.
AB  - Ankylosing spondylitis, acute anterior uveitis and reactive arthritides,
      including enteroarthritis and uroarthritis , are all associated with the human
      leucocyte antigen (HLA) B27. The pathogenesis of these diseases is not known, but
      it may involve inflammatory responsiveness of the host. In an acute inflammatory
      reaction, neutrophils are considered to cause tissue injury by both liberating
      lysosomal enzymes and generating toxic oxygen-derived free radicals. Furthermore,
      they may regulate both capillary permeability and the rate of vasodilatation at
      the site of inflammation. Evidence has accumulated that neutrophil responses to a
      phlogistic stimulus are enhanced in HLA-27 positive subjects. We suggest that
      hyperreactive neutrophils trigger a vicious circle of inflammation and render the
      subjects susceptible to exaggerated tissue injury.

PMID- 6378048
TI  - Exercise and the heart.
AB  - Since the 1950's a considerable number of published reports have implicated
      sedentary living as one of the number of risk factors associated with the mid
      20th Century increase in mortality from ischaemic heart disease or, specifically,
      from two of its critical manifestations, i.e., myocardial infarction and sudden
      cardiac death. The advantage in mortality is consistently reported as being in
      the order of two to threefold in favour of the physically active. Conclusive
      proof of the protective value of exercise can only be obtained by means of a
      large prospective study, the size and duration of which would now be far too
      costly to undertake. Our only course, then, is to examine the circumstantial
      evidence available, including the possible mechanisms by which regular physical
      exercise could benefit the cardiovascular system. Animal, and more recently
      human, studies have shown that endurance-training can bring about morphological,
      biochemical, and vascular changes in the heart, the net effect being improved
      dynamic performance. Peripheral changes also contribute to the development of a
      more efficient oxygen transport system. In those who suffer from ischaemic heart
      disease, exercise has been shown to reduce symptoms, alleviate depression,
      improve plasma lipid profile, and render the cardiovascular system less
      susceptible to stress. While non-randomised trials have indicated that supervised
      training improves prognosis following myocardial infarction, randomised trials,
      for a variety of reasons, have given inconclusive results. On the other hand,
      physician-supervised exercise has been shown to be a safe therapeutic
      intervention, and in view of its proven psychological and physiological benefits
      it has assumed major public health importance.

PMID- 6378049
TI  - Rehabilitation of burns of the upper limb.
AB  - The authors wish to document the experience of the Burns Unit, Singapore General
      Hospital in the management of burns of the upper limb. Fifty-six patients with
      post-burn deformity of the upper limb seen during a five year period (July 1978
      July 1983) were reviewed. The cases were analysed and there were no significant
      differences in age, sex and race distribution. There were 8 axillary
      contractures, 9 elbow contractures, 10 wrist deformities and 56 hand deformities.
      Anterior axillary skin fold contracture was the commonest deformity occurring at
      the shoulder, whilst cubital contractures were mainly found on the lateral aspect
      of the elbow. The elbow was the commonest site for periarticular heterotopic
      calcification. Wrist deformities included hypertrophic scars and contractures and
      they were frequently found on the dorsum of the wrist. A classification of post
      burn hand deformity has been described and this was based on the site of the
      original injury. Burns involving the dorsum of the hand/fingers were
      subclassified into two groups depending on whether the extensor tendon was
      involved. The prognosis was good when there was no tendon injury, but when the
      extensor tendons were involved, poorer hand function resulted and this was
      reflected by the number of secondary operative procedures required. Flexion
      contractures were the commonest deformity found on volar burns. When both
      surfaces were burned the prognosis depended upon the burns depth. Digital burns
      treated surgically had fewer residual contractures. The role of occupational
      therapy, scar control, splinting and secondary surgery in relation to the
      rehabilitation of the burned upper limb is discussed in some detail.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6378051
TI  - Some possible benefits and dangers of non-aerobic exercise in cardiac
      rehabilitation programmes.
AB  - This paper reviews several recent studies on the possible benefits and dangers of
      non-aerobic exercises in cardiac rehabilitation programmes. It presents the case
      for including in such programmes, exercises which specifically improve components
      of overall physical fitness other than aerobic or cardiorespiratory endurance
      fitness. This is because many of these other components of overall physical
      fitness are required in the daily lives of patients in cardiac rehabilitation
      programmes and can best be acquired through non-aerobic exercises. These non
      aerobic exercises include judicious callisthenic and isometric exercises to
      specifically improve on joint flexibility, agility, muscular strength, muscular
      endurance and coordination.

PMID- 6378050
TI  - The compression of morbidity.
AB  - The nature of the international health burden, its changes, its problems, and
      even its solutions over the next quarter century are surprisingly apparent at
      this time and are more positive than often supposed. The average period of
      lessened physical status is likely to shorten, and the need for and cost of
      hospitalization in the later life of the individual is likely to decrease. The
      period of infirm physical status will become increasingly compressed between the
      increasing age at onset of infirmity and the genetically determined lifespan of
      the individual. Illness at the end of life will come relatively suddenly, be
      multi-factorial in cause, will be highly resistant to further medical
      intervention, and will be characterized by increasing inevitability. Implications
      for retirement age, availability of useful work for older individuals, and
      programmes designed to stimulate rather than support are discussed.

PMID- 6378052
TI  - Rehabilitation of patients with pulmonary disease.
AB  - Rehabilitation is not a type of treatment: it is the condition of optimal
      function, or the achievement of that condition. Pulmonary rehabilitation is
      simply a function-orientated approach to the clinical management of the patient
      with chest disease. It starts with the best available conventional treatment and
      then proceeds with any modality which might enhance the patient's level of
      physical, mental, or social function. The emphasis in this review has been on
      measures to increase exercise capacity, in particular, possible mechanisms
      whereby exercise training may benefit the patient with chronic airflow
      obstruction. It is hoped that the comments will lead to further studies in this
      area, and encourage doctors to think beyond the mere treatment of chest disease,
      to the attainment of the best possible level of function despite the presence of
      chest disease.

PMID- 6378053
TI  - Rehabilitation of craniocerebral trauma.
AB  - Rehabilitation of the craniocerebral trauma patient is an increasing challenge
      worldwide. The return of these individuals to society requires the foresight to
      begin rehabilitation efforts as soon as the patient receives medical attention.
      This article reviews the spectrum of medical, physical, and social problems
      associated with craniocerebral trauma and provides guidelines for the
      rehabilitation process.

PMID- 6378054
TI  - Pain clinics: role in the rehabilitation of patients with chronic pain.
AB  - The pain clinic, a concept introduced after World War II, is an
      interdisciplinary, comprehensive approach to the management of patients with
      chronic pain. The primary goal of the pain clinic is to help patients achieve the
      highest functional capacity possible within their medical and psychosocial limits
      by reducing narcotic medication, attempting to reduce pain, increasing activity
      level, and modifying pain-reinforcing behaviour. A full-time professional staff
      committed to pain control is needed to screen, process, evaluate, and treat
      patients, as well as to teach and conduct research. Traditional and new
      techniques of pain management combining medical and psychosocial components are
      necessary to achieve maximal results. Although the paucity of objective criteria
      assessing the long-term outcome of treatment in the interdisciplinary pain clinic
      difficult, results suggest improvement over the short to medium term as well as
      its cost effectiveness.

PMID- 6378055
TI  - Aetiology of peptic ulcer.
AB  - Peptic ulcer should no longer be regarded as a single disease entity but as a
      group of heterogeneous conditions, as evident epidemiologically, genetically,
      clinically and pathophysiologically. In duodenal ulceration, "hyperacidity" must
      be the major culprit since specific therapeutic reduction of gastric acidity
      results in ulcer healing in about 70% of patients. However when the physiologic
      abnormalities leading to hyperacidity are analysed, it is obvious that each
      abnormality occurs usually in about a third of the patients only. Each of these
      abnormalities, however, can theoretically lead to an abnormal postprandial acid
      output or abnormal nocturnal acid output, and may explain why the majority of
      patients appear to have "hyperacidity". Indeed, controlling the meal-stimulated
      acid secretion alone and controlling the nocturnal acid secretion alone have been
      shown to heal duodenal ulcer. Corpus gastric ulcers, prepyloric ulcers, and
      gastric ulcers associated with duodenal ulcers appear physiologically distinct,
      and often behave differently on clinical grounds. This may explain why
      therapeutic reduction of acid secretion is less successful in healing gastric
      ulcer than duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 6378056
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of gastrin--our experience and a review of current status.
AB  - The procedures of radioimmunoassays for gastrin are presented in this paper.
      Techniques are described and evaluated with special reference to preparation of
      radioiodinated gastrin, purification of monoiodinated gastrin, characterisation
      of the immunochemical properties of radiolabelled gastrin, raising and
      characterisation of specific antibodies, incubation conditions, separation of
      bound and free hormone and treatment of data. Factors contributing to
      discrepancies of radioimmunoassay results and problems encountered are discussed.
      Methods employed by the authors in gastrin radioimmunoassay are described.
      Commercially available gastrin kits are also compared.

PMID- 6378057
TI  - Recent advances in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
AB  - During the past decade considerable advances have been made in the field of
      gastrointestinal endoscopy. Newer and narrower-bodied endoscopes are now
      available for more comprehensive examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
      More lengthy instruments have made feasible the examination of most parts of the
      small intestine in children. The introduction of multivariate accessory equipment
      has given operative endoscopy a new burst of life, and the 1980s have seen
      renewed activity in such therapeutic modalities as endoscopic sphincterotomy and
      its various recent modifications. Similarly, endoscopic oesophageal sclerotherapy
      has been gaining momentum since interest was revived in the technique about five
      years ago. A brief review is made of these recent developments, including the
      less well-known subject of dye indicators. An attempt is made to assess their
      relative significance in the light of recent trends.

PMID- 6378058
TI  - Gastritis and duodenitis--a clinical, endoscopic and histological study and
      review of the literature.
AB  - A clinical, endoscopic and histological study of gastritis and duodenitis was
      carried out in 50 patients. The endoscopic diagnosis of mucosal inflammation was
      found to be highly reproducible. However there was poor correlation between
      endoscopic and histological diagnoses of gastritis or duodenitis. Neither
      endoscopic nor histological gastritis or duodenitis correlated with symptoms.
      These findings are in agreement with others reported in the literature. Gastritis
      and duodenitis should not be diagnosed by history alone but only by endoscopy or
      histology. When gastritis or duodenitis is the only pathology demonstrated only
      symptomatic therapy should be given. The literature on the diagnosis and
      aetiology of gastritis as well as that of specific varieties of gastritis is
      reviewed.

PMID- 6378059
TI  - Conservative surgery for bleeding duodenal ulcer--vagotomy and pyloroplasty.
AB  - 50 unselected cases of bleeding duodenal ulcer were treated by vagotomy and
      pyloroplasty with suturing of the bleeding vessels. The operative mortality was
      8% of which recurrent haemorrhage accounted for 6% of the patients. The operative
      mortality was related to advanced age, severity of bleed and associated medical
      illnesses. Vagotomy-pyloroplasty with suture ligation is technically easy to
      perform for bleeding duodenal ulcer and has a low incidence of recurrent
      haemorrhage.

PMID- 6378060
TI  - Management of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage.
AB  - Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage is a life threatening situation. Peptic ulcer
      disease, oesophageal varices and Mallory-Weiss tear are the major causes. Initial
      management usually includes hospital admission and, ideally, care by a
      specialized team involving Physician, Surgeon and Nursing Staff. Prompt and
      adequate blood replacement is the most important measure followed by diagnosis,
      usually based on flexible endoscopy. Specific treatment protocols for peptic
      ulcer and oesophageal varices aid definitive management. Prognosis is influenced
      by age, presence of complicating disease, aetiology and the severity of the
      bleed.

PMID- 6378061
TI  - [Study of antidiuretic hormones (arginine vasopressin) in 24 cases of primary
      adrenal insufficiency].
AB  - 24 Addisonian patients were compared to 27 healthy subjects. Radioimmunoassay of
      plasma antidiuretic hormone showed higher concentrations of Arginine-vasopressin
      (AVP) in Addisonians than in normals, in spite of lower natremia and plasma
      osmolality. Statistical analysis showed a negative correlation between AVP and
      osmolality in Addisonian patients. On the other hand, no correlation was found
      between AVP and cortisol, or AVP and PRA. These results suggested an inadequate
      secretion of antidiuretic hormone in Addison disease. Under substitutive
      treatment, glucocorticoids alone didn't completely lower AVP concentration which
      was only normalized after administration of mineralocorticoids.

PMID- 6378062
TI  - Assignment of the human gene for delta aminolevulinate dehydrase to chromosome 9
      by somatic cell hybridization and specific enzyme immunoassay.
AB  - A non-competitive enzyme immunoassay specific for delta aminolevulinate dehydrase
      has been devised and applied to rodent-human hybrid cell lines. Two different
      conditions have been used, one specific for the human enzyme and the other
      indicative of both rodent and human enzymes. The ratio of the values obtained
      under the two conditions was used to discriminate between positive and negative
      clones. By this method the gene for ALA dehydrase has been assigned to chromosome
      9.

PMID- 6378063
TI  - Molecular genetics, recombinant DNA techniques, and genetic neurological disease.
AB  - The molecular defects responsible for Huntington's disease, the spinocerebellar
      degenerations, myotonic muscular dystrophy, neurofibromatosis, and tuberous
      sclerosis, among other major dominant inherited diseases of the nervous system,
      will be identified using the new techniques of molecular genetics. With
      synthesized nucleic acid segments complementary to portions of the patient's DNA,
      known as complementary DNA probes, it will be possible to identify and isolate
      the mutant gene responsible for a particular disease. These events are referred
      to as gene cloning. In addition, complex genetic regulatory mechanisms involved
      in cell differentiation during neuroembryogenesis will be elucidated with the
      application of these strategies. It is important for the clinician to become
      familiar with the precision and potential of these new methodologies, because
      they will soon influence significantly the practice of neurology.

PMID- 6378064
TI  - Raman spectroscopy of thermotropic and high-pressure phases of aqueous
      phospholipid dispersions.

PMID- 6378065
TI  - Multifrequency phase and modulation fluorometry.

PMID- 6378066
TI  - Solid state NMR studies of protein internal dynamics.

PMID- 6378067
TI  - Amino acid, peptide, and protein volume in solution.

PMID- 6378068
TI  - Structural implications of the myosin amino acid sequence.

PMID- 6378069
TI  - NMR studies of intracellular metal ions in intact cells and tissues.

PMID- 6378070
TI  - Total internal reflection fluorescence.

PMID- 6378071
TI  - Characterization of transient enzyme-substrate bonds by resonance Raman
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 6378072
TI  - Immunoelectron microscopy of ribosomes.

PMID- 6378073
TI  - Biophysical applications of quasi-elastic and inelastic neutron scattering.

PMID- 6378074
TI  - Evolution and the tertiary structure of proteins.

PMID- 6378075
TI  - Bacterial motility and the bacterial flagellar motor.

PMID- 6378076
TI  - Magnetic guidance of organisms.

PMID- 6378077
TI  - [Conditions for grading the process of oleandomycin biosynthesis].
AB  - The data on the study of the relation between the activity of the oleandomycin
      biosynthesis and the operating and physical parameters of the fermenter are
      presented. A dependence for computation and selection of the aeration and
      agitation conditions of the oleandomycin biosynthesis in apparatus of different
      capacity is described.

PMID- 6378078
TI  - [Conjugative R-plasmid resistance of Salmonella].
AB  - A total of 4801 Salmonella strains of 67 serovars isolated from various sources
      in 1968-1982 were studied for their sensitivity to 12 drugs. The Salmonella
      strains of groups A, B, C, D and E amounted to 0.8, 84.6, 6.4, 5.8 and 2.0 per
      cent, respectively. The Salmonella strains of the other groups amounted to 0.4
      per cent. During the 5-year periods, the number of the antibiotic resistant
      Salmonella strains increased from 57.7 to 93.4 per cent. The conjugative drug
      resistance was detected in 16 out of the 67 serovars. The Salmonella strains
      usually resistant to 4-10 drugs were the donors of this conjugative drug
      resistance. The strains of S. typhimurium responsible for the hospital infections
      were characterized by the highest levels of the antibiotic polyresistance and the
      greatest variety of the conjugative R plasmids. The structure of the multiple and
      conjugative drug resistance of the organisms causing salmonellosis was more
      frequently defined by the conjugative plasmids of the antibiotic resistance of
      the S. typhimurium serovar. The Salmonella R plasmids determined various levels
      of the antibiotic resistance. The highest resistance levels were observed to
      benzylpenicillin, chloramphenicol and erythromycin and the lowest resistance
      levels to tetracycline.

PMID- 6378079
TI  - [Resistance to antibiotics of Proteus strains from various sources].
AB  - To show the distribution level of antibiotic resistant strains of Proteus and
      determine the identity of the strains of different origin, i.e. those isolated
      from humans, animals and environment, the sensitivity of 1084 strains of P.
      mirabilis and P. vulgaris to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, monomycin,
      ampicillin, kanamycin, gentamicin and rondomycin was studied with the method of
      serial dilutions in agar. 964 of them belonged to 28 O-antigen serogroups.
      Comparative analysis of the data showed that the strains resistant to the above
      antibiotics were present in all the Proteus groups studied. However, their
      frequency was different and depended on the antibiotic type and the serological
      group and origin of the strain. All the strains were resistant to
      chloramphenicol, while the number of the strains resistant to gentamicin was
      minimum and did not depend on their origin. The frequency of the rondomycin
      resistant strains among the isolates from the environment of the agricultural
      farms was significantly lower. The frequency of the strains resistant to
      kanamycin, streptomycin and monomycin was significantly higher among the isolates
      from humans. The difference in the Proteus strains of serogroups 03 and 041, as
      well as the other serogroups by the detection frequency and resistance to some
      antibiotics and the portion of the strains of the 4 resistant types or spectra
      was shown to be significant.

PMID- 6378080
TI  - [Response to antibiotics of Proteus strains isolated from different types of
      clinical material].
AB  - The data on the study of the antibiotic response to 42 Proteus strains isolated
      from different sources in the hospitals of Kharkov are presented. The isolates
      belonged to P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris. Many strains were resistant to
      gentamicin, ampicillin and carbenicillin irrespective of the isolation source.
      58.0 and 90.3 per cent of the strains isolated from patients with intestinal
      infections, 66.6 and 100 per cent of the strains isolated from patients with
      otitis, 33.3 and 66.6 per cent of the strains isolated from patients with
      bronchopulmonary affections and 100 and 100 per cent of the strains isolated from
      patients with urological diseases were resistant to gentamicin and carbenicillin,
      respectively. As for ampicillin, the respective figures were 74.2, 66.6, 66.6 and
      100 per cent. All the strains of P. vulgaris isolated from patients with otitis,
      urological diseases and bronchopulmonary affections were resistant to ampicillin.
      The MIC of carbenicillin for all the strains except 4 indole-positive strains of
      P. vulgaris isolated from the faeces and bronchial excreta was much higher than
      the borderline values.

PMID- 6378083
TI  - [On the 85th anniversary of birth of Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical
      Sciences Z.V. Ermol'eva (1898-1974)].

PMID- 6378082
TI  - [Theoretical substantiation of methods for limiting the circulation of drug
      resistant staphylococci].

PMID- 6378081
TI  - [Antibacterial therapy of cholecystocholangitis in viral hepatitis].
AB  - The chemotherapy of cholecystocholangitis in patients with virus hepatitis was
      estimated. Antibiotics, furagin and pathogenetic drugs were used for the
      treatment. The antibiotics were chosen with regard to their sensitivity to the
      bile microflora. This resulted in sanation of the bile ducts. Furagin was less
      effective. The use of the pathogenetic drugs alone was ineffective in the
      majority of patients.

PMID- 6378084
TI  - [Various aspects of regulation of the biosynthesis of novobiocin and exoproteases
      in cultures of Streptomyces spheroides 35].
AB  - Streptomyces spheroides 35, a novobiocin-producing organism, was used in the
      study. In addition to the antibiotic the culture produces proteases capable of
      splitting fibrin. Depending on the medium composition and component ratio
      different amounts of novobiocin and proteases were formed. To show various
      aspects of the biological interaction of the synthesis of proteolytic enzymes and
      novobiocin, the studies were performed with chloramphenicol. It was found that
      the main quantity of free amino acids accumulated in the culture liquid phase,
      while in the mycelial phase only traces of the amino acids were detected. The
      regularities of the free amino acid accumulation in the media with novobiocin and
      chloramphenicol were identical as compared to the control. The excess of
      novobiocin during the second phase of the culture development was shown to
      influence the synthesis of nucleic acids, whereas inhibition of protein synthesis
      was secondary.

PMID- 6378085
TI  - [Comparative study of the effects of carminomycin 13-cyclohexylidenehydrazone and
      carminomycin on several immunologic responses of the body].
AB  - The effect of carminomycin and 13-cyclohexylidenhydrazone of carminomycin (13
      CHC) on some immunological reactions was studied comparatively on mice. It was
      shown that 13-CHC administered intravenously or orally had an immunodepressive
      effect on the synthesis of the antibodies to the sheep red blood cells. By the
      character of the immunodepressive effect on the humoral and transplantation
      immunity 13-CHC was close to carminomycin. It had an inhibitory effect on the
      transplantation immunity, prevented the mice from death in the "graft-versus
      host" system and increased the life-span of the cutaneous flaps.

PMID- 6378086
TI  - Distribution of ceftazidime in ascitic fluid.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime were investigated in eight normal subjects
      and eight patients with ascites after intravenous administration of 1 g of the
      drug. Samples of blood and ascitic fluid were collected for 6 h after dosage, and
      urine samples were collected for 24 h. Pharmacokinetic data were calculated by
      using a one-compartment model. The apparent volume of distribution and half-life
      of elimination (t1/2 beta) in patients with ascites were approximately three
      times those in normal subjects. In contrast, renal clearance was greater in the
      normal subjects. With respect to ascites, the mean area under the concentration
      time curve was 95.3 +/- 38.3 micrograms X h/ml. The mean ratio of the area under
      the concentration-time curve for ascitic fluid to that for plasma was 69.9% (+/-
      38.2). These data show that ceftazidime rapidly diffuses into the peritoneal
      space, in which concentrations greater than 10 micrograms/ml were present for at
      least 6 h.

PMID- 6378087
TI  - Effect of decreased renal function on the pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime after a 1-g bolus dose were studied in 11
      subjects, with creatinine clearances ranging from 113 to 6 ml/min. Concentrations
      of ceftazidime in serum were determined by microbiological assay. These data were
      fitted to a two-compartment open model, and pharmacokinetic parameters were
      calculated. Correlation of ceftazidime clearance with creatinine clearance was
      excellent (r = 0.99).

PMID- 6378088
TI  - Susceptibility of Saccharomyces spp. and Schwanniomyces spp. to the
      aminoglycoside antibiotic G418.
AB  - Industrially useful polyploid yeasts such as the brewing yeasts do not possess
      any auxotrophic genetic markers and hence are not easily amenable to plasmid
      mediated DNA transformations. In an attempt to obtain genetic markers, a number
      of useful Saccharomyces sp. strains and some amylolytic Schwanniomyces sp.
      strains were tested for their susceptibility to the antibiotic Geneticin G418 , a
      2-deoxystreptamine reported to be active against bacteria, yeasts, and plant and
      animal cells. All of the Saccharomyces sp. strains, including the brewing
      strains, were found to be susceptible to G418 in the concentration range of 150
      to 500 micrograms/ml. Of the three Schwanniomyces species investigated, only
      Schwanniomyces castellii (strain 1402) was found to be resistant to G418 at
      concentrations up to 1 mg/ml. Resistance was exhibited both in liquid media and
      on glycerol-peptone-yeast extract agar plates. This finding is interesting in
      view of the possibility of using this strain as a DNA donor for transformations
      aimed at introducing the amylolytic capability into brewing yeasts.

PMID- 6378089
TI  - Novel method for studying the public health significance of macroinvertebrates
      occurring in potable water.
AB  - An experimental procedure was developed to study the association of selected
      bacteria and macroinvertebrates and their response to free available chlorine
      disinfection. The organisms selected for study were Escherichia coli ( LacZ545 ),
      Enterobacter cloacae (ATCC 23355), and the amphipod Hyalella azteca . E. coli was
      shown to bind tightly (1.6 X 10(4) CFU per amphipod ) to this macroinvertebrate
      and to resist repeated attempts to wash it off. E. cloacae was shown to bind much
      less tightly (1.4 X 10(3) CFU per amphipod ) to H. azteca and was less resistant
      to removal by washing. The extent of association is a function of
      macroinvertebrate size (surface area), but the procedure produces repeatable
      results usable for controlled experimentation. This method, together with the
      dual bacterial identification criteria (morphology and antibiotic resistance),
      was used to study the response of unassociated and associated E. coli and E.
      cloacae to disinfection with free available chlorine at 1.0 mg/liter.
      Unassociated E. coli populations decreased to less than 1% of their zero time
      controls within 1 min of contact time, whereas more than 2% of the associated E.
      coli populations remained viable after 60 min of contact at 1.0 mg of free
      available chlorine per liter. Unassociated E. cloacae populations decreased to
      less than 1% of their zero time controls within 1 min of contact time, whereas
      ca. 15% of the associated E. cloacae populations remained viable after 60 min of
      contact at 1.0 mg of free available chlorine per liter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6378090
TI  - Preservation of Rhizobium viability and symbiotic infectivity by suspension in
      water.
AB  - Three Rhizobium japonicum strains and two slow-growing cowpea-type Rhizobium
      strains were found to remain viable and able to rapidly modulate their respective
      hosts after being stored in purified water at ambient temperatures for periods of
      1 year and longer. Three fast-growing Rhizobium species did not remain viable
      under the same water storage conditions. After dilution of slow-growing Rhizobium
      strains with water to 10(3) to 10(5) cells ml-1, the bacteria multiplied until
      the viable cell count reached levels of between 10(6) and 10(7) cells ml-1. The
      viable cell count subsequently remained fairly constant. When the rhizobia were
      diluted to 10(7) cells ml-1, they did not multiply, but full viability was
      maintained. If the rhizobia were washed and suspended at 10(9) cells ml-1,
      viability slowly declined to 10(7) cells ml-1 during 9 months of storage.
      Scanning electron microscopy showed that no major morphological changes took
      place during storage. Preservation of slow-growing rhizobia in water suspensions
      could provide a simple and inexpensive alternative to current methods for the
      preservation of rhizobia for legume inoculation.

PMID- 6378091
TI  - Effect of physiological age on radiation resistance of some bacteria that are
      highly radiation resistant.
AB  - Physiological age-dependent variation in radiation resistance was studied for
      three bacteria that are highly radiation resistant: Micrococcus radiodurans,
      Micrococcus sp. isolate C-3, and Moraxella sp. isolate 4. Stationary-phase
      cultures of M. radiodurans and isolate C-3 were much more resistant to gamma
      radiation than were log-phase cultures. This pattern of relative resistance was
      reversed for isolate 4. Resistance of isolate 4 to UV light was also greater
      during log phase, although heat resistance and NaCl tolerance after heat stress
      were greater during stationary phase. Radiation-induced injury of isolate 4
      compared with injury of Escherichia coli B suggested that the injury process, as
      well as the lethal process, was affected by growth phase. The hypothesis that
      growth rate affects radiation resistance was tested, and results were interpreted
      in light of the probable confounding effect of methods used to alter growth rates
      of bacteria. These results indicate that dose-response experiments should be
      designed to measure survival during the most resistant growth phase of the
      organism under study. This timing is particularly important when extrapolations
      of survival results might be made to potential irradiation processes for foods.

PMID- 6378092
TI  - Comparison of methods for recovery of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
      from seeded laundry fabrics.
AB  - To assess the effect of laundry procedures on fabric-associated bacteria, a
      standard method of enumeration is needed. We evaluated six methods for
      enumeration of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus seeded (10(2) and 10(5)
      CFU/100 cm2 of fabric area) onto sterilized hospital sheets and terry . Two
      methods involved maceration of seeded swatches in broth followed by passage of
      the broth through a 0.45-micron-pore-size, 47-mm-diameter filter membrane. Three
      methods involved agitation of seeded swatches in broth with a paint shaker and
      membrane filtration of the broth to recover eluted bacterial cells, and the final
      method involved direct enumeration of cells on fabrics by overlaying seeded
      swatches with agar containing triphenyltetrazolium chloride as an indicator. The
      most convenient recovery method employed a 90-s agitation followed by serial
      dilution of broths and membrane filtration. This method provided 44/57% (low
      seed/high seed) recovery of E. coli from sheets and 133/31% from terry and 34/74%
      recovery of S. aureus from sheets and 58/57% from terry . Although maceration
      provided similar recovery of E. coli and S. aureus, it is a less-practical
      method. The direct enumeration method was ineffective for enumerating gram
      positive bacteria. We conclude that either the agitation or maceration method
      used enumerated the seeded bacteria to within 1 log10 of their expected number
      and can be used to assess the bactericidal effectiveness of various steps in the
      laundering process.

PMID- 6378093
TI  - Accumulation and elimination of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium by
      hard clams in an in vitro system.
AB  - A simple, in vitro protocol was devised to study contamination by and subsequent
      elimination of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium in the hard clam,
      Mercenaria mercenaria. The test bacteria were eliminated rapidly at similar rates
      for 8 h after exposure and less rapidly thereafter. At 24 h, numbers of E. coli
      had declined more than S. typhimurium. Bacteria were cleared in the form of
      rapidly sedimenting fecal and pseudofecal particulates with which the bacteria
      were stably associated. Ionic bonding was apparently not involved in this
      association. Degradation of substantial numbers of bacteria occurred in feces at
      between 6 and 24 h.

PMID- 6378094
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Salmonella lipopolysaccharide
      in poultry specimens.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of salmonellae was
      developed and evaluated by using artificially contaminated specimens of poultry
      feed, feces, litter, or carcass rinsings, and naturally contaminated water
      samples. Specimens containing salmonellae of serogroups B or C2 inhibited the
      binding of polyvalent anti-O serum to microtiter plate wells coated with
      lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella typhimurium (serogroup B) or Salmonella albany
      (serogroup C2), respectively. Treatment of specimens with Rhozyme 41 (a protease)
      inhibited nonspecific reactions. The ELISA detected 106 of 111 culture-positive
      specimens contaminated with salmonellae of serogroups B or C2. Nineteen of 20
      specimens containing salmonellae of serogroup C1 and all of 36 culture-negative
      specimens were ELISA negative. All seven water samples that contained salmonellae
      of serogroups B or C2, including three that were culture positive only after
      delayed secondary enrichment, were ELISA positive. Seven of the nine water
      samples that contained salmonellae of other serogroups, and all 38 culture
      negative samples, were ELISA negative. The ELISA was simple to perform, produced
      results in 48 h, and was more economical than culture methods.

PMID- 6378095
TI  - Factors affecting spore formation in a Candida albicans strain.
AB  - Growth and spore formation of Candida albicans Y-45 was enhanced by low oxygen
      tension. Mycelium and chlamydospores were abundantly found on rice infusion-Tween
      80 agar within 48 to 96 h, and abundant chlamdospore production occurred most
      rapidly under reduced oxygen tension and incubation at 30 degrees C. Zn, Mg, Mn,
      anf Fe were tested for their ability to promote filamentation in C. albicans Y
      45. Filamentation under conditions of low Mg and high Mn suggested that
      morphogenesis is possibly correlated with the presence of salts of these heavy
      metals.

PMID- 6378096
TI  - Detection of streptococcal mutants presumed to be defective in sugar catabolism.
AB  - The tetrazolium method for detection of bacterial mutants defective in sugar
      catabolism was modified for use with streptococci. The critical factors were (i)
      the concentration of tetrazolium, which must be titrated to determine the optimum
      concentration for each species or even strain, and (ii) anaerobic incubation of
      tetrazolium-containing agar plates. When used with standard mutagenesis
      protocols, this method yielded lactose-negative mutants of nine streptococcal
      strains representing six species. A collection of lactose-negative mutants of
      streptococcus, sanguis Challis was characterized and contained phospho-beta
      galactosidase, lactose phosphotransferase, and general phosphotransferase
      mutants.

PMID- 6378097
TI  - The extent to which the spatial separation between photosystems I and II
      associated with granal formation limits noncyclic electron flow in isolated
      lettuce chloroplasts.
AB  - Uncoupled noncyclic electron flow in stacked (granal) chloroplasts with a lateral
      heterogeneity in the distribution of the two photosystems has been compared with
      that in unstacked (agranal) chloroplasts with a near-uniform distribution.
      Chloroplasts were maintained in either structural state in the same assay medium
      so as to equalize effects of ionic composition which may influence reaction
      rates. The assay medium, an ion-deficient solution, was capable of supporting
      high rates of electron flow from water to methyl viologen. At high irradiance,
      unstacked chloroplasts exhibited an uncoupled rate which was 30% (in chloroplasts
      isolated from lettuce grown in low light) or 55% (in chloroplasts isolated from
      lettuce grown in high light) higher than that of stacked chloroplasts; the
      percentage remained relatively constant in the temperature range 7 to 22 degrees
      C for both high-light and low-light chloroplasts. At low irradiance, stacked low
      light chloroplasts, despite the spatial separation of the two photosystems, gave
      higher rates of electron flow than did unstacked low-light chloroplasts. The
      addition of MgCl2 to stacked chloroplasts increased the uncoupled rate of
      noncyclic electron flow, but only at relatively high irradiances. The differences
      observed for stacked and unstacked chloroplasts, and for high-light and low-light
      chloroplasts are discussed. The approach taken in this work should be useful in
      other comparisons of stacked and unstacked chloroplasts.

PMID- 6378098
TI  - The oxidation of external NADH by an intermembrane electron transfer in
      mitochondria from the ubiquinone-deficient mutant E3-24 of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae.
AB  - Cells of the E3-24 mutant of the strain D273-10B of Saccharomyces cerevisiae,
      grown in a fermentable substrate not showing catabolite repression of respiration
      (2% galactose), are able to respire, in spite of their ubiquinone deficiency in
      mitochondrial membranes. Mitochondria isolated from these mutant cells oxidize
      exogenous NADH through a pathway insensitive to antimycin A but inhibited by
      cyanide. Addition of methanolic solutions of ubiquinone homologs stimulates the
      oxidation rate and restores antimycin A sensitivity in both isolated mitochondria
      and whole cells. Mersalyl preincubation of isolated mitochondria inhibits both
      NADH oxidation and NADH-cytochrome c oxido-reductase activity (assayed in the
      presence of cyanide) with the same pattern. Electrons resulting from the
      oxidation of exogenous NADH reduce both cytochrome b5 and endogenous cytochrome
      c. The increase in ionic strength stimulates NADH oxidation, which is also
      coupled to the ATP synthesis with an ATP/O ratio similar to that obtained with
      ascorbate plus N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylendiamine (TMPD) as substrate. The
      effect of cyanide on these activities and on NADH-induced endogenous cytochrome c
      reduction is also comparable. These results support the existence in vivo and in
      isolated mitochondria of a energy-conserving pathway for the oxidation of
      cytoplasmatic NADH not related to the dehydrogenases of the inner membrane, the
      ubiquinone, and the b-c1 complex, but involving a cytochrome c shuttle between
      the NADH-cytochrome c reductase of the outer membrane and cytochrome oxidase in
      the inner membrane.

PMID- 6378099
TI  - [Plasmapheresis in the patients with malignant tumor].
AB  - Therapeutic plasmapheresis for malignant tumor was first applied scientifically
      to transmissible tumors in dogs in 1908 by Crile et al. In the 1970s,
      immunosuppressive factors in the plasma of cancer-bearing patients were
      described. Plasmapheresis has been widely applied to many human malignant
      diseases for immunosuppressive factors being removed with new plasma separating
      methods, sachas continuous centrifugation or membrane plasma separation. Recently
      more selective removal method have been developed. The effects of plasmapheresis
      are recognized not only from an immunological point of view but also in
      performance status. The latter effect perhaps depends on the replacement of fresh
      frozen plasma rather than the removal mechanism itself. It is thought that
      plasmapheresis improves not only immunological status, but also homeostasis in
      patients with malignancies. There are no cancer treatments which improve the
      performance status of advanced cancer patients except plasmapheresis. In the
      future, plasmapheresis is likely to receive more attention and further
      development as an anti-cancer therapy for immunomodulation and fundamental
      treatment in combined immuno-chemotherapy.

PMID- 6378100
TI  - [Definition of tumor-necrosis factor and its production mechanism].
AB  - There is significant evidence that the macrophage plays a critical role in the
      host's defense against neoplasia. Tumor-necrosis factor was recognized by
      Carswell et al. during a study of the antitumor activity of serum from mice
      infected with BCG and subsequently injected with endotoxin. The same procedure
      was applied to rabbits in order to obtain serum containing tumor-necrosis factor
      (TNF). Sera from these mice and rabbits contained a factor that induced
      hemorrhagic necrosis of certain mouse sarcomas in vivo and had cytotoxic effects
      on mouse and human tumor cells in vitro. Sera from mice and rabbits singly
      treated with BCG or endotoxin did not have these properties. Other agents such as
      C. parvum, OK-432, lentinan or zymosan, that cause hyperplasia of
      reticuloendothelial system and increase sensitivity to endotoxin lethality, could
      substitute for BCG in priming for TNF release. However, the use of P. acnes as a
      priming agent was the most effective and lipopolysaccharide from gram-negative
      bacteria appeared to be unique in its ability to elicit TNF release. TNF is a
      protein with a molecular weight, ranging from 40,000 to 60,000 that has both
      tumor necrotizing activity in vitro and tumor killing activity in vitro. It is
      relatively stable to heating at up 70 degrees C. This result indicated that both
      in vitro and in vitro activities of mouse and rabbit TNF are a property of one
      and the same molecule. TNF is thought to be produced by macrophage and is
      distinguished from the other know macrophage products in serum containing TNF.
      TNF is cytotoxic to several but not all tumor cell lines. Its most interesting
      feature is that it reportedly dose not affect any non-transformed cell types,
      implying that it somehow recognizes transformed cells.

PMID- 6378101
TI  - [Induction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in tumor-bearing mice].
AB  - Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) can be induced in BALB/c mice bearing syngeneic tumor
      RL male 1 lymphoma or Meth A fibrosarcoma, by initial injection of either
      Corynebacterium parvum or BCG, in combination with a second injection of
      endotoxin (LPS) almost 10 days later. Either treatment resulted in hemorrhagic
      necrosis and complete regression of tumors in mice. The term, "endogenous
      induction of TNF therapy" was proposed for this trial. Although the TNF of tumor
      bearing mice was identical to that of normal mice in molecular weight (about
      40,000 daltons) and isoelectric point (4.4), and differed from IFN, the in vivo
      effect of endogenous TNF was much more remarkable than in mice receiving passive
      TNF administration. The mice bearing RL male 1 lymphoma cured after endogenous
      induction of TNF, rejected rechallenge of the same tumor cells but not Meth-A
      tumor cells. Splenocytes obtained from these cured mice were also found to be
      inhibitory in Winn's neutralization assay. The data indicate that tumor-specific
      immunity can be induced in mice receiving endogenous induction of TNF.

PMID- 6378102
TI  - [Studies on serum CEA levels measured by enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal CEA
      antibodies].
AB  - A double determinant enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using two monoclonal antibodies
      against CEA was established in the Abott laboratory. Serum CEA levels from
      patients with various cancers and benign diseases were measured using this EIA in
      comparison with the results obtained by radioimmunoassay (RIA) using polyclonal
      antibody against CEA. A significant correlation was noted between the values
      measured by the two methods. When serum CEA levels were more than 100 ng/ml, the
      values for EIA were found to be higher than those for RIA. However, this EIA was
      judged to be useful for monitoring cancer patients.

PMID- 6378103
TI  - Quantification of enterochromaffin cells with serotonin immunoreactivity in the
      duodenal mucosa in coeliac disease.
AB  - Enterochromaffin cells in the duodenal mucosa were stained by using a monoclonal
      antibody against serotonin immunoreactive sites and an indirect immunoperoxidase
      technique. A semi-automatic image analysing system showed increased numbers of
      these cells in patients with untreated coeliac disease compared with a control
      group. The number of serotonin positive granules in individual enterochromaffin
      cells also seemed to be increased in patients with coeliac disease, a finding
      which may be related to the pathogenesis of this disorder.

PMID- 6378104
TI  - Asystole in the prolonged QT syndrome.
AB  - We report a 4 1/2 year old boy with the Romano-Ward syndrome in whom an asystolic
      period of 18 seconds duration followed an episode of ventricular tachycardia.
      Treatment with propranolol and implantation of a demand pacemaker has prevented
      further attacks.

PMID- 6378105
TI  - A controlled trial of antihypertensive therapy in systemic sclerosis
      (scleroderma).
AB  - Antihypertensive treatment may be life saving in scleroderma renal crisis.
      Patients surviving such crises frequently have had dramatic improvement in the
      dermal manifestations of their scleroderma. To investigate the potential role of
      antihypertensive treatment in nonhypertensive patients we randomly assigned 28
      patients with systemic sclerosis into drug (14) and placebo (14) groups, using
      blocked randomisation , and followed them up in a prospective, double-blind
      clinical trial for 24 months. Overall, both groups improved slightly, with both
      subjective and objective markers. There were no statistically significant
      differences and no clinically meaningful trends between the 2 groups, except that
      the blood pressure was reduced in the group on the active drug.

PMID- 6378106
TI  - Enhanced bacterial phagocytosis by peripheral blood monocytes in rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - To assess the functional state of peripheral blood monocytes in rheumatoid
      arthritis, we have measured phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus
      mirabilis in 48 patients and 28 controls. Using radiolabelled bacteria
      preopsonised in normal human serum we have demonstrated significantly enhanced
      uptake of both organisms by patients' monocytes: (Median % uptake Staph. aureus:
      patients = 35.8; controls = 19.3; p less than 0.001. Median % uptake P.
      mirabilis: patients = 32.3; controls = 19.8; p less than 0.01.) These results
      indicate that patients' monocytes exist in an activated state, which may be
      important in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6378108
TI  - Antibodies to cultured rat heart cells in sera of patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - Since heart lesions occur in many patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), sera
      from these patients were tested with an indirect fluorescent technique for
      antibodies reactive with rat heart cell cultures. Of 27 sera 22 had reactivity
      with non-muscle (nM) cells and 3 reacted with cultured beating muscle cells (M).
      Positive sera reactive with nM cells exerted complement-dependent cell
      cytotoxicity towards M cells. The nM antibodies were found to belong
      predominantly to the IgG class. They displayed no cross-reactivity with bovine
      collagen, human and bovine serum proteins, or human and sheep red blood cells.
      The relationship of these antibodies to the pathogenesis of RA heart lesions
      remains to be determined.

PMID- 6378109
TI  - Benzimidazoles in the treatment of trichuriasis: a review.
AB  - Treatment of severe symptomatic trichuriasis observed with heavy worm burdens is
      not satisfactory with recommended doses of mebendazole, flubendazole and
      albendazole. Higher doses of anthelmintics for longer periods of treatment
      generally improve the cure rates but treatment of such associated symptoms as
      diarrhoea is recommended before starting anthelmintic therapy. Such severe cases
      of trichuriasis should be considered separately; they do not represent the
      majority of cases infected by this parasite, which usually respond to
      benzimidazoles.

PMID- 6378107
TI  - An immunohistological study of secondary Sjogren's syndrome.
AB  - The labial biopsies from 13 patients with secondary Sjogren's syndrome (SS) and
      four disease controls were examined with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to
      human leucocyte antigens. Large numbers of T cells were found in most of the
      biopsies. In seven SS patients the T helper/inducer subset was found to be
      predominant. Antibody to HLA class I antigens consistently stained leucocytes,
      but other cell types stained more variably. Although the staining with antibody
      to HLA class II antigen was often weak, approximately as many cells stained with
      this antibody as with an antileucocyte antibody, implying that the T cells were
      activated. Anti-IgD revealed membrane staining of a corona of IgD-positive cells
      in structures resembling germinal centres. Isolated cells throughout the sections
      also showed strong cytoplasmic staining with anti-IgD. These results suggest a
      role for T-cell-dependent local antibody synthesis in the pathogenesis of the
      disease.

PMID- 6378110
TI  - Why are primaquine and other 8-aminoquinolines particularly effective against the
      mature gametocytes and the hypnozoites of malaria?

PMID- 6378111
TI  - Plasmodium falciparum: elimination of fungal and bacterial contamination from in
      vitro culture.

PMID- 6378112
TI  - Sanitary facilities as sources of filariasis vectors in south-western Sri Lanka.

PMID- 6378113
TI  - Modifications of fibronectin in age-related diseases: diabetes and cancer.
AB  - Fibronectin is present in tissues and also in body fluids (plasma). Both forms
      were studied in normal controls, diabetics and cancer patients; both of these
      diseases show an age-dependent increasing trend. Age-dependent variations were
      shown to occur for both forms of fibronectin. Plasma fibronectin increases
      exponentially with age in a normal population. This increase is strongly
      attenuated or absent in diabetics and in mammary cancer patients. On the
      contrary, tissue fibronectin increases in diabetic skin. In mammary cancer
      fibronectin disappears from the tumor cell membranes but increases in the
      peritumoral stroma. The above modifications may be attributed to increased
      protease activity in tumour tissue and also to the possibility of an increased
      retention of plasma fibronectin in diabetic skin and peritumoral stroma, both
      tissues exhibiting a modification of intercellular matrix biosynthesis which does
      involve the increased production of retention sites of fibronectin. An increased
      local synthesis in both tissues may also occur. The above results are confronted
      with those reported by other authors and support the contention that plasma and
      tissue fibronectins undergo age-dependent modifications which may be seriously
      perturbed in diabetes and cancer.

PMID- 6378114
TI  - [Preconcentration for the microbiological study of milk].

PMID- 6378115
TI  - [Detection of a thymus-specific antigen in cattle using a solid phase
      immunoenzyme test for plasma membranes].

PMID- 6378116
TI  - [Detection of immunoglobulin in plasma membranes--a contribution to the
      classification of lymphosarcomas in cattle].

PMID- 6378117
TI  - Identification of true drug response to antidepressants. Use of pattern analysis.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to develop a method for differentiating specific
      ("true") and nonspecific antidepressant drug response for the individual patient.
      Patterns of clinical response, based on weekly global ratings of clinical status,
      were generated for each of 185 patients participating in six-week placebo
      controlled drug trials. We hypothesized and found that substantially more
      patients receiving active than placebo medication displayed treatment response
      patterns characterized both by two-week or greater delay in onset of initial
      improvement and nonfluctuating persistence of improvement once achieved.
      Identification of a distinctive pattern of clinical response to an active drug
      has both research and clinical applications. Pattern analysis may contribute to
      understanding the nature of drug mechanisms of action, may clarify some ambiguous
      treatment study outcomes, and in the individual case, may facilitate clinical
      management.

PMID- 6378118
TI  - Schizophrenia, hemodialysis, and the placebo effect. Results and issues.
AB  - This report presents the results of a double-blind study that examines the impact
      of hemodialysis on patients with chronic schizophrenia. Twelve patients were
      randomly assigned to sham and 12 patients to active dialysis. All patients
      experienced a drug washout period and were then followed up over an eight-week
      period. A statistically significant condition by weeks interaction was found,
      with patients in the sham group improving and patients in the active dialysis
      group decompensating over the last weeks of the trial. This complex finding fails
      to support the hypothesized efficacy of hemodialysis in the treatment of
      schizophrenia but also fails to support a simple placebo explanation for positive
      results reported in earlier open studies. The methodologic complications are
      reviewed, and a possible direction for future research is presented.

PMID- 6378120
TI  - [Attitude of some historians to the history of medicine. A few skeptical
      thoughts].

PMID- 6378119
TI  - Hemodialysis in chronic schizophrenics.

PMID- 6378121
TI  - [Woodcut depicting an amputated leg and prosthesis in the Silesian poem "Officina
      ferraria" by Rozdzienski, 1612].

PMID- 6378122
TI  - [Dr. Karol Sulima Przyborowski (1824-1879), physician and social worker in
      Kamieniec Podolski].

PMID- 6378123
TI  - [Trends in the development of Polish medicine during the period of positivism].

PMID- 6378124
TI  - [Health service of the 1st Polish Independent Parachute Brigade during the Market
      Garden operation--reports of the participants].

PMID- 6378125
TI  - [Dr. Leon Stanislaw Szuman (1852-1920), surgeon, social worker and poet].

PMID- 6378126
TI  - [Sources in the history of medicine and an attempt at their classification].

PMID- 6378127
TI  - [Biological and social trends in medicine from the historical viewpoint].

PMID- 6378128
TI  - [Waclaw Koler, the famous Cracow physician, in the light of his collections].

PMID- 6378129
TI  - [Problems of workers in the writings of Polish physicians at the turn of 19th
      century].

PMID- 6378130
TI  - [History of the uniforms and insignia of the Polish army health service].

PMID- 6378131
TI  - [Polish Sanitary Aid Committee as one of the precursors of secular nursing in
      Poland].

PMID- 6378132
TI  - [National Health Service--the prototype of the welfare and self-governing
      occupational health services in Poland].

PMID- 6378133
TI  - Synergistic effects of ATS and passive and active enhancement on heart and skin
      allografts in rats.
AB  - The effect of a combination of specific and non-specific immunosuppression on
      survival of heart and skin allografts in parental strain rats differing across
      the major histocompatibility locus was investigated. Pretreatment of the
      recipient with donor specific antigen and anti-donor alloantiserum prolonged the
      survival of heart grafts but not skin grafts. The use of antilymphocyte serum
      prolonged skin graft survival but not heart graft survival. However, when ATS was
      combined with donor specific immunosuppression, both heart and skin graft
      survival were prolonged dramatically. It is suggested that these treatment
      modalities affect differentially various aspects of the immune responses.

PMID- 6378134
TI  - Galacturonic acid as the terminal constituent in the R core polysaccharide of
      proteus R110 (Ra) mutant.
AB  - Terminal non-reducing position of GalUA residue in the R core region of P.
      mirabilis R110 (Ra)mutant was established by GLC/MS analysis of methylated
      degraded polysaccharide. This position of GalUA is exceptional as compared with
      the terminal constituents present in the known structures of R core
      polysaccharides in Enterobacteriaceae. As it was shown in serological study,
      GalUA does not play a role of immunodominant in the examined Proteus R core
      region.

PMID- 6378135
TI  - The role of protein component of T. pallidum in inducing skin reaction for
      delayed hypersensitivity.
AB  - The protein component of T. pallidum was shown to be an important agent in
      inducing the skin reaction for delayed type of hypersensitivity (SDH) in
      syphilis. Treponema preparations which contained T. pallidum deprived of this
      component by treating the organisms with merthiolate, formalin or heat, were
      found unable to produce a distinct positive skin reaction in syphilitic rabbits.
      Using preparations containing treponemes with preserved protein component, it was
      possible to induce the skin reaction for DH in rabbits as early as 4 weeks after
      inoculation of T. pallidum and during the subsequent 64 weeks of the infection
      (and of the observation period). The SDH was fairly well correlated with the
      results of the MMI test in the whole course of the syphilitic infection; a
      disagreement of results of these two tests occurred only between the 16th and
      26th week of the infection.

PMID- 6378136
TI  - Lipopolysaccharide phage receptor of Proteus mirabilis 1959 strain. Site of phage
      mediated hydrolysis in O-specific polysaccharide.
AB  - The oligosaccharides isolated as products of phage "otto" provoked degradation of
      LPS provided by the host strain P. mirabilis 1959 were investigated. The site of
      phage mediated hydrolysis was shown to be the linkage 1,4(2) between
      galactosamine and glucuronic acid in the main chain of O-specific polysaccharide.
      The pentasaccharide (with one lysine residue) represents one phage cleaved
      repeating unit in the O-specific polysaccharide P. mirabilis 1959.

PMID- 6378137
TI  - Renal vein thrombosis and massive medullary necrosis in a renal allograft.

PMID- 6378138
TI  - Bone Marrow Transplantation Information Service.

PMID- 6378139
TI  - Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata. A report of two cases and review of the
      literature.
AB  - Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD) is an impressive clinical entity in
      women of reproductive age in which multiple nodules stud the pelvic and
      peritoneal surfaces, often mimicking disseminated carcinoma grossly. It has been
      associated with pregnancy and oral contraceptive drug use. In recent years, LPD
      has been reported with increasing frequency, often in women who are not pregnant.
      This report documents two additional cases of LPD; both cases concerned women who
      were not pregnant, and one case was associated with endometriosis.

PMID- 6378140
TI  - Mammary sarcoidosis. Two cases and literature review.
AB  - A patient with sarcoidosis had a biopsy of a firm nontender breast nodule that at
      analysis disclosed multiple noncaseating granulomas. In another patient with
      sarcoidosis, noncaseating granulomas were an incidental finding in a mastectomy
      specimen containing medullary carcinoma and in two subsequent biopsy specimens of
      the contralateral benign breast. Tests for acid-fast bacteria and fungi using
      special stains were negative in both cases. There are nine other histologically
      documented cases of mammary involvement with sarcoidosis. Since the lesions of
      mammary sarcoidosis often cannot be distinguished from those of carcinoma by
      physical examination, we suggest that clinically suspicious lesions undergo
      biopsy whether or not disseminated sarcoidosis is present.

PMID- 6378141
TI  - Plasmacytoma of the breast.
AB  - Extramedullary plasmacytomas are unusual tumors that generally represent the
      initial manifestation of systemic multiple myeloma. I studied a plasmacytoma of
      the breast in a patient who has remained free of symptoms nine years after
      initial diagnosis.

PMID- 6378142
TI  - Rehabilitation medicine within the Veterans Administration: report of a survey.
AB  - The health care delivery system of the Veterans Administration (VA) represents
      the largest single group of physicians practicing physical medicine and
      rehabilitation. The long-term needs of the aged, often disabled, and poor
      veterans of America's wars suggest that rehabilitation should be a high priority
      within the VA system. Yet, Max Cleland, former VA Administrator, and a VA Task
      Force on Rehabilitation have indicated that operational performance falls short
      of promises and that programs are fragmented and uncoordinated, with minimal
      research production. The results are reported of a 17-page questionnaire sent to
      the 273 full- and part-time physicians in Rehabilitation Medicine Services (RMS)
      in an attempt to determine the state of rehabilitation medicine in clinical
      practice, teaching, education, publishing and research.

PMID- 6378143
TI  - Manpower planning for physical medicine and rehabilitation: comment on GMENAC
      process.
AB  - Although physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) was not analyzed by the
      Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee (GMENAC) Delphi Adjusted
      Needs Based Modeling process completed in 1980, a provisional manpower
      requirement estimate of 3,200 physiatrists was included in the final report. In
      late 1981 and early 1982, the GMENAC model was used and an official 1990 estimate
      of 4,060 physiatrists needed, with only 2,400 physiatrists available, was
      determined. This report summarizes the initial correspondence and the assessment
      study methods for PM&R utilized to attain these estimates. Considerable
      variability of the numbers determined by the Delphi Panel is apparent. These
      estimates have been accepted by the Office of Graduate Medical Education and
      although no official action has ensued, the results are on record for future
      manpower planning and may be a factor in the current interest of medical students
      in the specialty of PM&R.

PMID- 6378144
TI  - Combined preoperative antibiotic therapy and intraoperative topical povidone
      iodine. Reduction of wound sepsis following emergency appendectomy.
AB  - Single doses of clindamycin hydrochloride and gentamicin sulfate given
      preoperatively, combined with intraoperative topical application of povidone
      iodine were given to patients with perforated or gangrenous appendicitis. The
      incidence of wound sepsis was reduced from 36% to 5%; severe infections were
      reduced from 25% to 0% when compared with a control untreated group of patients.
      When used alone, povidone-iodine had little effect in these patients. No toxic
      effects of the antibiotics or antiseptic were recorded nor were any resistant
      strains of pathogenic organisms grown from cultures.

PMID- 6378145
TI  - One instead of two knives for surgical incision. Does it increase the risk of
      postoperative wound infection?
AB  - We evaluated the rate of postoperative wound infection following the use of one
      or two knives for incision. The infection rate in 277 patients who were operated
      on with one knife was 3.6%, in 309 patients who were operated on with two knives
      the rate was 5.5%. This difference was not statistically significant. The limit
      of a one-sided confidence interval bound from the estimated difference of
      infection rates in the two groups of patients was 0.94% at a confidence level of
      0.95. Thus, if there was any difference at all in favor of two knives with
      respect to infection, it was probably less than 1%. The present results indicate
      that the old surgical practice of discarding the skin knife and using a separate
      scalpel for the deep incision can be abandoned without increasing the risk of
      wound infection.

PMID- 6378146
TI  - Treatment of severe leg wounds with muscle and musculocutaneous flaps.
AB  - The ten-year experience with difficult wounds of the lower extremity at the
      Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center is reviewed in order to evaluate
      the use of the muscle and musculocutaneous flap as regional and free-tissue
      transfers. Twenty-four patients had chronic wounds and five had acute bony and
      soft-tissue injury. A total of 34 procedures, including 18 regional flaps and 16
      microvascular free-tissue transfers, were performed with an overall success rate
      of 74%. Regional transfer succeeded in 12 (67%) of 18 cases. Free-tissue transfer
      succeeded in 13 (81%) of 16 cases. Experience with regional muscle transfer has
      shown the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles to be excellent choices for
      reconstruction of the proximal and middle third of the lower leg. Free
      microvascular transfer of the latissimus dorsi, gracilis, and rectus muscles has
      provided reliable closure in wounds that are chronically infected with major bony
      and soft-tissue loss in the distal third of the lower extremity.

PMID- 6378147
TI  - Long-term hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy. Anatomic considerations,
      operative technique, and treatment morbidity.
AB  - Disappointment with the results of systemic chemotherapy for treatment of
      colorectal hepatic metastases has led to renewed interest in hepatic arterial
      infusion chemotherapy. Forty adult patients underwent preoperative examination,
      operative staging of the extent of liver involvement, and surgical placement of
      an implantable pump with the catheter in the hepatic arterial system. Twenty-one
      patients were previously untreated. Hepatic involvement ranged from 15% to 85%;
      none of the patients had unresectable extrahepatic disease. Operative
      complications occurred in 10% of the patients; there were no deaths. Treatment
      morbidity consisted of gastrointestinal tract inflammation and/or ulceration
      (48%) and hepatitis (65%). Partial tumor responses occurred in nine of 18
      previously untreated patients and five of 16 previously treated patients. Use of
      an implantable pump for long-term hepatic arterial chemotherapy was associated
      with improved patient acceptance, minimal operative morbidity, and substantial
      tumor response to chemotherapy.

PMID- 6378148
TI  - Eclectic drainage of subphrenic abscesses.
AB  - In 196 cases of subphrenic abscess from 1964 through 1979, 56% were attributable
      to gastric, hepatic, and colonic disease or surgery. Posttraumatic abscesses in
      younger patients became more frequent. Synchronous suprahepatic and subhepatic
      abscesses or bilateral abscesses accounted for 19%. Streptococci, Escherichia
      coli, Klebsiella, and Bacteroides species were the most frequently isolated
      organisms. Although the overall mortality rate was 40%, the surgical mortality
      rate decreased from 33% initially to 17% recently. The mortality rate of
      transperitoneal drainage decreased from 41% to 16%. From 1980 through early 1983,
      a success rate of 84%, with no fatalities, was achieved in percutaneous
      radiologic drainage of 25 unilocular abscesses. At present, radiologically guided
      drainage should be considered for unilocular abscesses and some bilocular ones.
      Although extraperitoneal, extrapleural surgical drainage remains an expeditious
      form of treatment, it may give way to radiologic drainage. Transperitoneal
      drainage is preferable for multifocal abscesses and for many abscesses secondary
      to complications of intraabdominal surgery.

PMID- 6378149
TI  - [Anti-IgE antibody in the sera from asthmatic patients. (II) Establishment of
      enzyme immunoassay].

PMID- 6378150
TI  - [Antihypertensive effect of captopril in patients with mild or moderate systemic
      arterial hypertension].

PMID- 6378151
TI  - [Captopril in hypertensive crises].

PMID- 6378152
TI  - Effect of acetazolamide on insulin sensitivity in myotonic disorders.
AB  - Acetazolamide is effective treatment for myotonia in certain patients with
      myotonia congenita. Since potassium metabolism may be abnormal in myotonia
      congenita, we studied the effect of acetazolamide administration on potassium
      regulation and glucose disposal, using the euglycemic insulin clamp technique in
      patients with myotonic disorders and in normal subjects. Glucose disposal was
      normal in patients with myotonia congenita; administration of acetazolamide
      increased glucose disposal in normal subjects and in patients with myotonia
      congenita. By contrast, patients with myotonic dystrophy showed insulin
      resistance and decreased glucose disposal that was not improved by acetazolamide
      administration. Patients with myotonia congenita had elevated potassium levels in
      the basal state and a greater fall in potassium level during the insulin clamp
      procedure than controls. Patients with myotonic dystrophy had normal or low basal
      potassium levels and a subnormal decrease in potassium level during the insulin
      clamp procedure. Administration of acetazolamide did not alter these
      abnormalities in potassium metabolism in patients with either myotonia congenita
      or myotonic dystrophy.

PMID- 6378153
TI  - Periventricular, intraventricular hemorrhages in the premature newborn. Update on
      pathologic features, pathogenesis, and possible means of prevention.

PMID- 6378154
TI  - Histomorphometric evaluation of the dimensional changes in rat-incisor tissues
      following histological processing and embedding in paraffin wax and glycol
      methacrylate.
AB  - A three-dimensional reconstruction of undemineralized and paraffin wax- or or
      glycol methacrylate-embedded demineralized rat incisors was made using a
      computerized histomorphometry. Compared to the undemineralized ground sections,
      the two demineralizing and embedding procedures grossly distorted the tooth
      sections. In general, embedding in wax caused shrinkage and in methacrylate
      caused swelling. Direction and magnitude of the deformation varied in the
      different tissues of the tooth and its surrounding structures. The distortion was
      influenced by the ratio between the soft and hard tissues at different cross
      sectional levels of the tooth.

PMID- 6378155
TI  - Arylsulphatase activity in human gingival crevicular fluid.
AB  - Arylsulphatase activity in fluid collected from non-inflamed (n = 5), gingivitis
      (n = 5) and periodontitis (n = 5) subjects was assayed. The mean volume activity
      for each group was: non-inflamed = 768 +/- 165 nm/ml per h; gingivitis = 2431 +/-
      1118 nm/ml per h; periodontitis = 2860 +/- 1839 nm/ml per h. The mean total unit
      activity for each group was: non-inflamed = 0.326 +/- 0.076 nm; gingivitis =
      1.394 +/- 0.411 nm; and periodontitis = 3.571 +/- 1.700 nm. Analysis of fluid
      from isolated sites in periodontitis suggests that reporting total unit activity
      (absolute amount of enzyme activity) is more meaningful than reporting volume
      activity (enzyme concentration) for arylsulphatase activity.

PMID- 6378156
TI  - Conjunctival goblet cell densities in ocular surface disease.
AB  - Goblet cell densities were determined in the eyes of normal subjects and in the
      eyes of patients with various ocular surface diseases using an impression
      cytological technique. For normal eyes goblet cell densities on the
      interpalpebral bulbar and inferior palpebral ocular surfaces were 443 (+/- 266
      [+/- SD]) and 1,972 (+/- 862) cells millimeter, per square, respectively. All
      patients in the ocular surface disease groups had decreased goblet cell densities
      compared with subjects with normal eyes. Compared with normal eyes, eyes with
      keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) demonstrated a 17% greater goblet cell loss on
      the interpalpebral bulbar compared with the inferior palpebral ocular surface,
      while eyes with blepharitis and secondary KCS demonstrated an 8% greater loss on
      the inferior palpebral surface compared with the interpalpebral bulbar ocular
      surface. Eyes with cicatricial ocular pemphigoid and Stevens-Johnson syndrome
      demonstrated greater than 95% goblet cell loss on both the interpalpebral bulbar
      and inferior palpebral ocular surfaces compared with normal eyes.

PMID- 6378157
TI  - Experimental uveitis. Elicited by peptidoglycan-polysaccharide complexes,
      lipopolysaccharide, and muramyl dipeptide.
AB  - Uveitis could be a reaction to bacterial debris disseminated to the eye from
      extraocular sites of infection. In this study, we relate the composition of
      several bacterial components to their inflammatory properties in the eye. Groups
      of rabbits were injected intravitreously with peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PG
      PS) complexes isolated from group A streptococci, Escherichia coli
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or synthetic muramyl dipeptide (MDP). The lipid A
      region of LPS and the glycan backbone of PG are chemical analogues; MDP is the
      minimal biologically active subunit of PG. All of these molecules elicited
      uveitis as observed both clinically and histologically. The MDP elicited an acute
      inflammation characterized by a heterophil and monocyte infiltrate that subsided
      within 16 days. The PG-PS and LPS elicited chronic inflammation characterized by
      mononuclear and lymphocyte infiltration and severe necrosis of the retina.

PMID- 6378158
TI  - Topical phenylephrine for the treatment of middle ear effusion.
AB  - One hundred fifty-two children were enrolled in a randomized, controlled clinical
      trial of the efficacy of phenylephrine hydrochloride nose drops or nasal spray in
      hastening the resolution of middle ear effusion. Children with persistent
      effusion were recruited for the study during a return visit two weeks after an
      episode of acute otitis media. Forty-six patients (30%) dropped out of the study,
      many because they failed to tolerate the medication, especially the nose drops.
      Another 27 (18%) had to be excluded because of intercurrent illness or systemic
      drug therapy. Among those children completing the study, rates of clinical and
      tympanometric cure during the following four weeks were similar in the drug and
      placebo groups. In view of the absence of documented clinical efficacy and the
      practical difficulties inherent in their administration, topical decongestants
      appear to have a limited role, if any, in treating children with persistent
      effusion.

PMID- 6378159
TI  - Lidocaine v bupivacaine in facial plastic surgery. A clinical trial.
AB  - The ideal local anesthetic agent for facial plastic surgery should have rapid
      onset, good surgical anesthesia, and reasonably long duration. The purpose of
      this prospective, randomized, double-blind study was to compare 1% lidocaine
      hydrochloride with 1:200,000 epinephrine with 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride with
      1:200,000 epinephrine, a newer, longer-acting local anesthetic, in different
      facial operations. The results suggest that bupivacaine is an effective and safe
      agent for these procedures.

PMID- 6378161
TI  - [Clinical aspects of labyrinthine hearing loss].

PMID- 6378162
TI  - Dental management of cleido-cranial dysostosis. Case report.

PMID- 6378160
TI  - [Pathology of labyrinthine hearing loss].
AB  - The most common causes auf sensorineural deafness lie in the cochlea. Other
      causes are less numerous, such that our presentation will be limited to cochleal
      disturbances. In a general introduction we shall attempt to analyse the
      structural reactions, metabolism and circulation of the cochlea and the behaviour
      of the inner ear lymph to a noxa. The monotony of the reactions will be described
      as well as the reversibility of some of the changes which are observed. All these
      reactions play a part in the normal functioning of the inner ear. The special
      part of the presentation will discuss the different forms of sensorineural
      deafness with which we are confronted daily, taking particular account of
      morphological and metabolic characteristics. We shall attempt to summarise
      wellknown material, and discuss newer information in greater detail. We shall
      pont out possible causes of sensorineural deafness which have seldomly been
      discussed.

PMID- 6378163
TI  - Functional capability of blind small bowel loops after intestinal remodelling
      techniques.
AB  - An experimental model was developed in mongrel puppies to simulate the dilation
      and hypertrophy found in intestinal atresia. The diameter of the dilated segment
      was reduced either by antimesenteric resection or by antimesenteric infolding
      techniques. This study indicates that the infolding technique is better, both
      structurally and functionally, following artifically induced dilation.

PMID- 6378164
TI  - The Graham Coupland lecture. Gastric surgery in the 1980s.

PMID- 6378165
TI  - The effect of Escherichia coli endotoxin and culture filtrate on the lactating
      bovine mammary gland.
AB  - The pathogenesis of coliform mastitis was studied by observing pathological
      changes in lactating glands after infusion of either endotoxin or the sterile
      culture filtrate (CCF) of the medium in which Escherichia coli strain B117 had
      been grown. Both infusions produced a rapid and intense inflammatory response by
      4 h with a marked increase of serum proteins in the milk. Before dispersing into
      the milk, neutrophils were attached to the ductular epithelium; highest cell
      counts in the milk were recorded when the tissue reaction had waned. Oedema of
      the ductular epithelium occurred, particularly where neutrophils were actively
      migrating. The infusion of CCF produced, in addition to inflammation,
      degeneration and necrosis of ductular cells. The smallest lesions healed very
      rapidly. There was evidence of differing cell susceptibility to the necrotising
      toxin as well as uneven distribution over the epithelial surface. All changes
      observed were confined to the regions of the teat and lactiferous sinuses with
      little effect on the secreting tissue. The role of the necrotising toxin in the
      natural disease remains undetermined.

PMID- 6378166
TI  - The resistance to chemotherapeutic agents of Escherichia coli from domestic dogs
      and cats.
AB  - The prevalence of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli in the rectal flora of
      168 healthy dogs and 93 cats in the Brisbane area was investigated. Rectal swabs
      were plated on MacConkey agar with and without antibiotics, and 690 isolates
      confirmed as faecal E. coli were tested for resistance to tetracycline,
      streptomycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, neomycin, furazolidone and
      sulphanilamide. Resistant isolates were obtained from 101 (60%) of the dogs and
      24 (26%) of the cats sampled. A high percentage of the isolates was resistant to
      tetracycline, streptomycin, ampicillin and sulphanilamide. Multiple resistance to
      3 or more of the drugs was exhibited by the majority of isolates and a total of
      31 different multiple resistance patterns was demonstrated. Of the 50 strains
      tested for transfer of resistance, 30 (60%) transferred some or all of their
      resistance determinants to an E. coli K12F - recipient.

PMID- 6378167
TI  - Serological diagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus infection in sheep using cyst
      fluid antigen processed by antibody affinity chromatography.
AB  - Serum antibody responses in sheep naturally or experimentally infected with
      Echinococcus granulosus and/or other larval cestodes were examined using an
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with various antigens prepared from
      sheep hydatid cyst fluid ( SHCF ). Serum donors included: sheep experimentally
      infected with E. granulosus and their age-matched non-infected controls; sheep
      experimentally infected with other helminth parasites; sheep naturally infected
      with E. granulosus both from Tasmania and the Australian mainland; sheep from
      Tasmania naturally infected with larval cestodes other than E. granulosus; and
      naturally reared sheep completely free from infection with larval cestodes.
      Attempts were made to eliminate serological reactions which were not specific for
      E. granulosus by using a series of antibody affinity chromatography steps to
      deplete crude SHCF antigen; these included adsorption with a monoclonal antibody,
      3EgH 29-2, removal of host IgG using rabbit anti-sheep IgG antibody, and removal
      of antigens which bound non-specifically to normal sheep immunoglobulin. The
      final affinity-depleted antigen product was designated AD SHCF . Specific
      serological reactivity in infected sheep was very low. Affinity depletion of SHCF
      using 3EgH 29-2 did not appear to increase the specificity of serological
      diagnosis of E. granulosus infection when experimentally infected sheep were
      compared with their non-infected controls provided the latter were age-matched
      with experimental animals. The other affinity adsorption steps significantly
      reduced non-specific background binding to antigen by normal sheep serum. Despite
      this reduction in background in the ELISA, only low levels of antibody could be
      detected in naturally-infected sheep.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6378169
TI  - Foot-and-mouth disease in Australia.

PMID- 6378168
TI  - A urease-ELISA for the detection of mycoplasma infections in poultry.
AB  - An ELISA utilising a urease-antibody conjugate specific to chicken IgG was
      examined as an alternative to the serum agglutination and the haemagglutination
      inhibition tests in the diagnosis of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and M. synoviae
      infections in poultry. Use of a urease conjugate allowed the serum reactions to
      be appraised without the need for expensive photometric equipment. Non-specific
      binding of conjugate to antigen was eliminated by treatment of antigen coated
      microplates with 10% foetal calf serum in phosphate buffered saline. Some chicken
      serums produced non-specific reactions. These reactions were reduced without any
      loss of test sensitivity by making the initial 1:5 dilution of chicken serum in
      whole sheep serum rather than diluting buffer. Tests on serums from
      experimentally infected chickens showed that the urease ELISA was specific, and
      was as sensitive as the serum agglutination test but more sensitive than the
      haemagglutination inhibition test.

PMID- 6378170
TI  - The origin and early history of the Mules operation.

PMID- 6378171
TI  - Immunogenic potency of an oil-emulsified Escherichia coli bacterin.
AB  - Immunogenicity of an oil-emulsified Escherichia coli (O1:K1) bacterin with an
      aqueous-phase-to-oil-phase ratio of 1:4 was evaluated in chickens. Chickens were
      vaccinated subcutaneously with 0.5 ml of the bacterin at 4 and 6 weeks of age. At
      8 weeks, the vaccinated chickens and unvaccinated controls were challenged via
      air sacs with 10(4) colony-forming units (CFU) of homologous E. coli. Vaccinated
      chickens were protected against active respiratory infection in that they (a)
      gained body weights comparable to those in unvaccinated, unchallenged chickens,
      (b) suffered no morbidity or mortality, (c) had gross lesions so mild that the
      scored values were comparable statistically to the 0 lesion scores of the
      negative controls, and (d) did not yield E. coli when their heart blood,
      pericardial sacs, livers, and air sacs were cultured. Unvaccinated challenged
      chickens had severe respiratory distress, suffered 36% mortality, and had average
      air sac, pericardial sac, and liver lesion scores significantly (P less than or
      equal to 0.05) different from both the vaccinated and negative control chickens.
      Also, the challenge strain of E. coli only was isolated from the affected tissues
      of 5 of 14 chickens. Protection against active respiratory infection was again
      demonstrated in a second experiment, though the challenge dose was 1.06 X 10(6)
      CFU of E. coli. The immunity, however, was partially overcome, as the vaccinated
      chickens gained less body weight and the scored values for lesions in the air
      sacs, pericardial sacs, and livers were significantly higher than those of the
      negative controls (P less than or equal to 0.05).

PMID- 6378172
TI  - Cervical-vaginal bacterial flora in patients with cervical carcinoma treated with
      irradiation and febrile morbidity during intracavitary radium therapy.
AB  - The cervical-vaginal bacterial flora of 57 patients with invasive carcinoma of
      the cervix were found to be identical to those reported in studies of different
      population groups, except for a lower frequency of anaerobic bacteria. Radiation
      suppressed significantly both the aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Following 4,000
      rads of external irradiation, 47.4% of the cervical cultures were
      bacteriologically sterile. During the first and second radium treatment, 21% and
      25.5% of the patients respectively developed fever of 38 degrees C or more, the
      cause of which could not definitely be established. The significance of fever
      during radium treatment is discussed.

PMID- 6378173
TI  - Effect of prostacyclin infusion during low-flow ischaemia in the isolated
      perfused rat heart.
AB  - Although prostacyclin (PGI2) has been shown to exert a protective effect on
      ischaemic hearts its precise mode of action remains obscure. Possible
      explanations include protection of the high energy phosphate stores (ATP and CP),
      maintenance of homeostasis with respect to Ca2+, and an antiaggregatory effect.
      The following experiments were undertaken to investigate these possibilities,
      using isolated, spontaneously beating rat hearts perfused with Krebs-Henseleit
      solution. Ischaemia was induced at 37 degrees C for 30 min by reducing the flow
      rate from 10.0 to 0.1 ml/min, and was followed by reperfusion. PGI2 was given as
      a constant infusion (20 ng/ml). The hearts were frozen and assayed for ATP and
      CP, or digested in HNO3 and assayed for Ca2+. Peak developed tension was recorded
      throughout. The results show that PGI2 slowed the rate of decline of developed
      tension during low flow perfusion, and hastened the recovery of contractions on
      reperfusion. These effects could not be accounted for in terms of an improved
      supply of ATP or CP, or an altered tissue Ca2+. The protective effect of PGI2 on
      isolated, buffer-perfused hearts may be a reflection of a generalized, but
      undefined, mechanism of cell preservation which has also been observed in other
      systems.

PMID- 6378174
TI  - Action of tetanus toxin on cholinergic neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid cells:
      selective blockade of Ca spikes.
AB  - We examined the effect of tetanus toxin on clonal neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid
      cells, NG108-15, by intracellular microelectrode studies of passive membrane
      electrical properties and action potentials generated under various conditions.
      Binding of tetanus toxin to the surface of the cells was demonstrated by indirect
      immunofluorescent staining but no morphological alteration was observed in
      tetanus toxin-treated cells under a phase contrast microscope. These is no
      significant difference between the tetanus toxin-treated and untreated cells in
      their passive electrical membrane properties, i.e. resting membrane potentials,
      input resistances, time constants and input capacities. Cells in 120 mM Na+, 2 mM
      Ca2+ salt solution showed Na spikes, and cells in high Ca2+ (30 mM), Na+-free
      salt solution showed Ca spikes in response to depolarizing current pulses. While
      the Na spike was not affected by tetanus toxin, the Ca spike was blocked by the
      toxin. The minimum dose of tetanus toxin for maximum suppression of the peak
      potential level of the Ca spike was 250 ng/ml. Addition of tetraethyl ammonium
      (TEA) to extracellular fluid enhanced the Ca spike in untreated cells. In toxin
      treated cells, TEA did not alter the effect of tetanus toxin on the Ca spike.
      Blockade of the Ca spike by tetanus toxin could be detected even at low
      extracellular Ca2+ concentration (10 mM) by adding TEA to the extracellular fluid
      and adjusting the membrane potential to a steady hyperpolarized level (-80 mV) to
      ensure optimal and uniform electrical responses. The usefulness of NG108-15
      hybrid cells for in vitro investigations on the mechanism of action of tetanus
      toxin was discussed.

PMID- 6378175
TI  - Retrospective serological studies on dengue epidemics in Osaka and Okinawa.
AB  - In Japan, dengue epidemics were recorded once before the end of World War II
      (1942-1945) on the Main Islands and several times (1893-1955) on the Okinawa
      Islands. Blood samples were obtained from residents in Osaka and Okinawa, and
      their antibodies were examined by neutralization tests against dengue and
      Japanese encephalitis viruses. Of 60 serum samples each from Osaka and Okinawa,
      11 and 15 sera, respectively, showed positive titers against one or more dengue
      serotypes. These results confirm that the epidemics had been very large.
      Moreover, the results showed that the epidemics had been due to dengue type 1
      virus in Osaka and to dengue type 1 and 2 viruses in Okinawa.

PMID- 6378176
TI  - Low-temperature magnetic-circular-dichroism spectroscopy of the iron-molybdenum
      cofactor and the complementary cofactor-less MoFe protein of Klebsiella
      pneumoniae nitrogenase.
AB  - The major metal clusters of the MoFe protein, Kpl , of Klebsiella pneumoniae
      nitrogenase were characterized separately by low-temperature magnetic-circular
      dichroism spectroscopy. The spectra and magnetization curves of the extracted
      iron-molybdenum cofactor, FeMoco , and of 'P' clusters in NifB - Kpl , the
      inactive, FeMoco -less, MoFo protein from an nifB mutant, were measured and
      compared with those of the holoprotein. (When FeMoco and NifB - Kpl are combined,
      active Kpl is formed.) Reduced NifB - Kpl had a spectrum with a weak,
      paramagnetic, component superimposed on a diamagnetic background. The
      paramagnetic component was assigned to a contaminating, e.p.r.-active, species.
      Thionine-oxidized NifB - Kpl had a spectrum and magnetization properties very
      similar to those of thionine-oxidized Kpl , demonstrating that the 'P' clusters
      are not significantly affected by the absence of the FeMoco clusters. The spectra
      of reduced isolated FeMoco had similar magnetization curves but sharper features
      and higher intensities than those of this centre in dithionite-reduced Kpl .
      Furthermore, a shoulder near 580 nm in the Kpl spectrum was absent from that of
      FeMoco . This may be due to the loss of a ligand or to a change in symmetry of
      the FeMoco cluster on extraction.

PMID- 6378177
TI  - Partial purification and characterization of a growth factor present in goat's
      colostrum. Similarities with platelet-derived growth factor.
AB  - A factor in goat's colostrum which stimulates DNA synthesis and cell
      proliferation in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts has been purified approx. 350-fold by a
      sequence of acid precipitation, cation-exchange chromatography and gel
      filtration. The growth factor is a highly basic, heat stable (100 degrees C for 5
      min) polypeptide with Mr approx. 35000. The polypeptide resists denaturation by
      guanidinium chloride or urea but is totally inactivated by treatment with
      reducing agents. The factor, which we have termed colostric basic growth factor (
      CBGF ), inhibits the binding of 125I-labelled epidermal growth factor (125I-EGF)
      to Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts but does not inhibit 125I-EGF binding to epidermoid A431
      cells. CBGF interacts synergistically with plasma in stimulating DNA synthesis in
      quiescent Swiss 3T3 cells. The chemical and biological properties of CBGF are
      thus very similar to the properties reported for the human platelet-derived
      growth factor. Although high concentrations of CBGF are present in the colostrum
      of goats, cows, and sheep, the milk of these species contains little or no
      factor. The origin and possible functions of CBGF are unknown.

PMID- 6378178
TI  - Immunoaffinity purification of intact, metabolically active, cholinergic nerve
      terminals from mammalian brain.
AB  - A method for the immunoaffinity purification of cholinergic nerve terminals from
      mammalian brain was developed. A sheep antiserum to Torpedo electric-organ
      synaptic membranes, previously shown to be specific for cholinergic terminals in
      mammalian brain, was incubated with crude mitochondrial fractions prepared from
      rat brain. Cholinergic nerve terminals sensitized by this serum were purified
      from the mitochondrial fractions on a high-capacity cellulose immunoadsorbent
      bearing a mouse monoclonal anti-(sheep immunoglobulin G) antibody. Adsorption of
      nerve terminals on to the immunoadsorbent was assessed by using a variety of
      enzyme markers and gave a maximum yield of 24% of choline acetyltransferase,
      whereas non-specific binding was less than 1.0% for all of the enzymes measured.
      Cholinergic terminals were purified 26-fold from rat caudate nucleus, 30-fold
      from rat hippocampus and 38-fold from rat cerebral cortex. The terminals were
      shown to be intact, osmotically sensitive and metabolically active.

PMID- 6378179
TI  - Subsite differences between the active centres of papaya peptidase A and papain
      as revealed by affinity chromatography. Purification of papaya peptidase A by
      ionic-strength-dependent affinity adsorption on an immobilized peptide inhibitor
      of papain.
AB  - An affinity column consisting of the specific peptide inhibitor of papain, Gly
      Gly (O-benzyl)Tyr-Arg, attached to Sepharose was found to bind the active thiol
      proteinase papaya peptidase A specifically, but only at an ionic strength
      significantly higher than the one at which papain is bound. When a mixture of
      active papaya peptidase A and its irreversibly oxidized contaminant was applied
      to the column, the active enzyme was bound whereas the inactive material was not.
      The bound enzyme was released by deionized water and found to contain 1 mol of SH
      group/mol of protein. The different conditions required for the binding of the
      two enzymes to the immobilized peptide was shown to reflect different ionic
      strength-dependences of the affinity of the two enzymes for the peptide in
      solution. Whereas the affinity of papain for the inhibitor appears to be
      insensitive to ionic strength over the range studied, that of papaya peptidase A
      is ionic-strength-dependent and always lower than that of papain. A rate assay is
      devised for papaya peptidase A with N-benzyloxycarbonylglycine p-nitrophenyl
      ester as the substrate at pH 5.5. After calibration against an active-site
      titration the assay yields the thiol-group concentration without interference
      from inactive contaminants. For the papaya peptidase A-catalysed hydrolysis of N
      benzyloxycarbonylglycine p-nitrophenyl ester at pH 5.5 kcat. was found to be
      16.7s-1, which is about 3 times the value found for the same reaction catalysed
      by papain.

PMID- 6378181
TI  - Characterization of a monoclonal antibody to bovine xanthine oxidase.
AB  - The isolation of a hybridoma cell line, C-41, secreting monoclonal antibody to
      bovine xanthine oxidase (EC 1.2.3.2), is described. The specificity of this
      antibody was determined by solid-phase immunoassay, immunoblotting procedures,
      affinity chromatography, immunoelectrophoresis and precipitation techniques. The
      results are compared with those obtained in similar specificity studies on a
      previously described monoclonal antibody secreted by hybridoma cell line A-94
      [Mather, Nace, Johnson & Goldsby (1980) Biochem. J. 188, 925-928]. This latter
      antibody appears to bind to xanthine oxidase only when the enzyme is immobilized
      on a solid support such as a plastic plate or nitrocellulose paper. Potential
      problems in the determination of the specificity of monoclonal antibodies,
      especially towards membrane proteins of unknown biological activity, are
      discussed.

PMID- 6378180
TI  - A novel proteinase from human pancreas.
AB  - A cholesterol-binding protein was previously isolated from human pancreas
      [Sziegoleit (1982) Biochem. J. 207, 573-582] and shown to consist of a single
      polypeptide chain with an apparent Mr of 28 000 and an isoelectric point of pH
      4.9. In further investigations, a proteolytic activity was observed to be present
      in preparations of this protein. The enzyme activity was not dissociable from the
      cholesterol-binding protein. It decreased in the presence of sodium dodecyl
      sulphate or urea parallel to degradation of the protein, indicating
      autodegradation in the presence of these denaturants. Glucagon digestion studies
      indicated the carbonyl bond of alanine to be a favoured site of the enzymic
      cleavage. The proteinase was inactive against chromogenic substrates relatively
      specific for elastase, trypsin and chymotrypsin, but was found to cleave
      benzyloxycarbonylalanine p-nitrophenyl ester efficiently. The enzyme was
      inactivated by phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride and was thus classified as a
      serine proteinase. Autoradiographic studies demonstrated binding to serum alpha 1
      antitrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin in a similar manner to that observed with
      other pancreatic endo-proteinases. The collective results indicate that the
      isolated protein, provisionally named 'cholesterol-binding pancreatic
      proteinase', is a novel proteinase of the human pancreas. Quantitative
      measurements indicate that it comprises 4-6% of total protein in pancreatic
      secretions.

PMID- 6378182
TI  - Cadmium-induced stimulation of lipogenesis from glucose in rat adipocytes.
AB  - Exposure of adipocytes of rats to CdCl2 caused acceleration of [3-3H]glucose
      incorporation into lipid maximally at 500 microM in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate
      buffer, pH 7.4, containing 0.2% albumin. T.l.c. of the lipids extracted from
      adipocytes showed that Cd2+ increased labelling of di- and tri-[14C]acylglycerols
      predominantly. With increasing concentrations of glucose the apparent Km value
      was not affected by Cd2+, but the V value was increased, similarly to the effect
      of insulin. In the presence of insulin, Cd2+ (5 microM) exerted a consistent
      additive effect with a stimulatory effect of insulin on lipogenesis at all
      concentrations of insulin tested (5-50 mu units/ml). The stimulation was observed
      at a high concentration of glucose, suggesting that Cd2+ accelerated
      intracellular metabolism of glucose, mimicking insulin. However, although Zn2+
      and Mn2+ stimulated the transport at a rate similar to that observed with insulin
      (200 mu units/ml), Cd2+ had no stimulating effect on the membrane transport of 3
      O-methylglucose. The biological potency of Cd2+ and the insulin-like effects of
      Zn2+, both of which metals belong to the same group in the Periodic Table, are
      similar towards glucose metabolism, but quite different towards glucose
      transport.

PMID- 6378183
TI  - Identification and characterization of insulin receptors on foetal-mouse brain
      cortical cells.
AB  - The occurrence of insulin receptors was investigated in freshly dissociated brain
      cortical cells from mouse embryos. By analogy with classical insulin-binding cell
      types, binding of 125I-insulin to foetal brain-cortical cells was time- and pH
      dependent, only partially reversible, and competed for by unlabelled insulin and
      closely related peptides. Desalanine-desasparagine-insulin, pig proinsulin,
      hagfish insulin and turkey insulin were respectively 2%, 4%, 2% and 200% as
      potent as bovine insulin in inhibiting 125I-insulin binding to brain-cortical
      cells, which corresponds to their relative biological potencies in classical
      insulin-target cells; no competition was observed with glucagon and nerve growth
      factor, even at high concentrations. Scatchard analysis of competitive-binding
      data resulted in curvilinear plots with a high-affinity binding of Ka = 3.6 X
      10(8) M-1. Insulin binding to foetal brain-cortical cells differed, however, in
      two distinct aspects from that to classical insulin-binding cell types. Firstly,
      dilution of 125I-insulin-bound cells in the presence of unlabelled insulin did
      not accelerate dissociation of the labelled hormone. Secondly, exposure of brain
      cortical cells to insulin before the binding assay enhanced insulin binding,
      suggesting up-regulation of insulin receptors in response to insulin. In
      conclusion, foetal-mouse brain-cortical cells bear specific binding sites for
      insulin. Their insulin receptor shows a marked specificity and affinity for
      insulin, but differs in at least two properties from most classical insulin
      receptors. These differences in hormone-receptor interaction could reflect
      structural differences between insulin receptors on embryonic and differentiated
      cells.

PMID- 6378184
TI  - A mass-spectrometric investigation of the mechanism of the semisynthetic
      transformation of pig insulin into an ester of insulin of human sequence.
AB  - In the trypsin-mediated semisynthetic transformation of pig insulin into an ester
      of insulin of human sequence, the B30 alanine residue of the pig hormone is
      replaced by an ester of threonine. The mechanism of this reaction was
      investigated by carrying out the transformation in a medium containing water
      enriched with 18O. Subsequent analysis by combined g.l.c.-mass spectrometry
      demonstrated that the oxygen isotope, is incorporated into the B29 carbonyl group
      of the insulin ester product. This result, together with those of appropriate
      controls, supports the conclusion that the transformation occurs, in the system
      studied, by a mechanism involving hydrolysis followed by coupling, and not by
      direct transpeptidation as has been previously found the case for another such
      system [Markussen & Schaumberg (1983) in Peptides 1982 (Blaha & Malon, eds.), pp.
      387-394, W. de Gruyter, Berlin and New York].

PMID- 6378185
TI  - Labelling of the cytoplasmic domains of ovine rhodopsin with hydrophilic chemical
      probes.
AB  - The disposition of polypeptide chain of ovine rhodopsin in the photoreceptor disc
      membrane was investigated by using two hydrophilic reagents, 3,5-di-[125I]iodo-4
      diazobenzenesulphonate [( 125I]DDISA) and [14C]succinic anhydride. Both reagents
      were used to modify rhodopsin in intact disc membranes under conditions where no
      loss of A500 occurred. Reaction of [125I]DDISA with rhodopsin approached
      completion after 30 min. Binding was saturated at a 75-fold molar excess of
      reagent, which gave binding ratios of up to 2 mol/mol of rhodopsin. Proteolysis
      of rhodopsin, using Staphylococcus aureus V8 proteinase, yielded two membrane
      bound fragments, both of which contained bound radioactive probe. Subsequent CNBr
      cleavage of these fragments produced five radiolabelled peptides which
      corresponded to the C-terminal region and cytoplasmic loops of rhodopsin. Similar
      studies with [14C]-succinic anhydride also gave binding ratios of up to 2 mol/mol
      of rhodopsin. Sequencing of the [14C]succinylated peptides identified the
      location of the reactive sites as lysine residues 66, 67, 141, 245, 248, 311, 325
      and 339 in the polypeptide chain. Non-permeability of both probes was
      demonstrated by the absence of any radioactivity associated with the intradiscal
      N-terminal glycopeptide. Sonication of membranes in the presence of [125I]DDISA
      led to the incorporation of label in this peptide.

PMID- 6378186
TI  - The coupling of metabolic to secretory events in pancreatic islets. The cytosolic
      redox state.
AB  - NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme [malate dehydrogenase
      (decarboxylating) (NADP)] activities were characterized in the cytosol of
      pancreatic islet cells. D-Glucose and L-leucine augmented the cytosolic
      NADPH/NADP+ ratio, as judged from the isocitrate/2-oxoglutarate and
      malate/pyruvate islet contents. The flow rate through the malic enzyme was judged
      from the output of labelled pyruvate by islets exposed to either L-[U
      14C]glutamine or L-[U-14C]leucine. The cytosolic generation of NADPH, e.g. at the
      level of the malic enzyme, may play a role in the coupling of metabolic to
      secretory events in the process of nutrient-stimulated insulin release.

PMID- 6378187
TI  - Defective processing of ribosomal precursor RNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain A224A) has an abnormal distribution of
      cytoplasmic ribosomal subunits when grown at 36 degrees C, with sucrose-gradient
      analysis of extracts revealing an apparent excess of material sedimenting at 60
      S. This abnormality is not observed at either 23 degrees C or 30 degrees C. At 36
      degrees C the defect(s) is expressed as a slowed conversion of 20 S ribosomal
      precursor RNA to mature 18 S rRNA, although the corresponding maturation of 27 S
      ribosomal precursor RNA to mature 25 S rRNA is normal. Studies on this yeast
      strain and on mutants derived from it may help to elucidate the role(s) of
      individual ribosomal components in controlling ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes.

PMID- 6378188
TI  - Interactive effects of insulin and corticosterone on myofibrillar protein
      turnover in rats as determined by N tau-methylhistidine excretion.
AB  - The effects of graded doses of insulin and corticosterone on myofibrillar protein
      turnover were investigated in growing diabetic rats in order to assess their
      counteractive roles in the control of protein accretion. N tau-Methylhistidine
      excretion and carcass protein accretion were measured over 6 days in
      streptozotocin-diabetic rats receiving either a constant catabolic dose of
      corticosterone accompanied by graded doses of insulin or a constant dose of
      insulin accompanied by graded doses of corticosterone. The high corticosterone
      dose decreased the rate of protein accretion by both increasing the rate of
      degradation and decreasing the rate of synthesis. Increasing insulin dosage
      counteracted these effects, but could not restore positive accretion rates.
      Direct measurement of protein-synthesis rates gave results comparable with those
      obtained from use of N tau-methylhistidine excretion. At constant insulin dosage,
      increased corticosterone to 45 mg/kg body wt. per day caused a dose-related
      linear decrease in protein accretion rates from +4.5 to -3.2% per day. Growth
      ceased at 28 mg of corticosterone/kg body wt. per day, largely owing to a fall in
      synthesis rates (-3.5%/day) rather than the increase in degradation rates
      (+1.0%/day). However, at steroid doses greater than 30 mg/kg body wt. per day the
      degradation rate increased markedly and accounted for most of the additional fall
      in accretion. These results show that insulin antagonizes the action of
      glucocorticoids on both the synthesis and degradative pathways of myofibrillar
      protein turnover. The changes in fractional degradation rates appear relatively
      more attenuated by insulin than are those of synthesis.

PMID- 6378189
TI  - Differences between the electric fields of the catalytic sites of papain and
      actinidin detected by using the thiol-located nitrobenzofurazan label as a
      spectroscopic reporter group.
AB  - The catalytic-site thiol groups of papain (EC 3.4.22.2) and actinidin (EC
      3.4.22.14) were each labelled with the nitrobenzofurazan (Nbf) chromophore by
      reaction with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan at pH 4.4. The electronic-absorption
      spectra of both labelled enzymes were determined in aqueous solution, in the pH
      ranges approx. 2-5 for S-Nbf-papain and approx. 3.3-8 for S-Nbf-actinidin, and
      for the latter also in 6 M-guanidinium chloride. The spectrum of S-Nbf-papain is
      characterized by lambda max. = 402 nm at pH 5 and by lambda max. = 422 nm at pH
      2.18. The pH-dependent shift in lambda max. accompanies a pH-dependent change in
      A 430, the nature of which is consistent with its dependence on a single ionizing
      group with pKa 3.7. The spectrum of S-Nbf-actinidin is pH-independent in the pH
      range approx. 3.3-8 and is characterized by lambda max. = 413 nm. This absorption
      maximum shifts to 425 nm in 6M-guanidinium chloride. These results are discussed
      and related to those reported previously from studies on papain and actinidin
      with various reactivity probes. Despite the close similarity in the catalytic
      sites of papain and actinidin deduced from X-ray-diffraction studies, the
      considerable differences in their reactivity characteristics are mirrored by
      differences in their electric fields detected by the Nbf spectroscopic label. The
      microenvironment in the catalytic site of actinidin appears to favour the
      existence of ions significantly more than in the corresponding region in papain.

PMID- 6378190
TI  - Alcohol dehydrogenase activity in the human tissues.
AB  - Total and specific alcohol dehydrogenase activity has been compared in
      homogenates of 19 different types of human tissues from different sources. ADH
      activities were detected in tissues which have not been tested yet, e.g., thyroid
      gland, adrenal gland, fat tissue, skin tissue, peritoneal membrane, breast
      tissue, duodenum, and gall bladder. Healthy and pathological human tissue differ
      in their ADH activity. The percentage of the total activity has been estimated in
      each tested organ in relation to the total activity of the whole body.

PMID- 6378191
TI  - DNA methylation of T3 virus ocr+ and ocr- strains in Escherichia coli cells
      harbouring the EcoK DNA host specificity system.
AB  - The influence of the T3 gene functions ocr+ and sam+ on the extent of phage DNA
      methylation in Escherichia coli K12 cells was studied by determining the
      proportion of 6- methylaminopurin to adenine in the purified DNA of T3 wild-type,
      sam- and ocr- sam- phage strains. We demonstrate that the DNA of T3 ocr- sam-
      mutants carries 12 methyl groups as a result of the action of the host
      specificity methylase EcoK . In contrast to this the DNA of ocr+ strains is not
      EcoK -specifically methylated.

PMID- 6378192
TI  - In vivo injection of dipyridamole stimulates the synthesis of prostacyclin-like
      substances in human varicose veins.
AB  - The influence of dipyridamole, given by a bolus injection (30 mg i. v.) on the
      synthesis of prostacyclin-like substances (PGI2-LS) in human shank varicose veins
      was investigated. The pretreatment with dipyridamole enhances the second step in
      PGI2 biosynthesis (transformation of endoperoxide to PGI2) in these preparations.

PMID- 6378193
TI  - [Insulin extraction by the isolated perfused rat liver using infusion conditions
      of a biphasic insulin concentration profile].
AB  - Rat liver was perfused in vitro at 37 degrees C in an open system with Krebs
      Ringer-Bicarbonate buffer, pH 7.4, in the presence of 20 vol% freshly prepared
      bovine erythrocytes. A biphasic insulin concentration profile, imitating the
      glucose induced insulin secretion of the isolated perfused rat pancreas was
      infused by means of a gradient mixer into the portal vein of the liver. The
      quality of the infused gradient was tested in a series of preliminary experiments
      by dye-infusion into the portal vein. It could be shown by synchronous
      fractionation of medium samples immediatly prior and after liver passage and by
      subsequent radioimmunological insulin determination that the biphasic profile of
      the infused insulin gradient was preserved after a single liver passage. The
      insulin concentration in the portal vein under experimental conditions ranged
      from 0 to 3.2 ng insulin/ml perfusate. About 70-80% of the insulin was removed by
      the liver. It could be further demonstrated that the hepatic insulin removal rate
      is rising with increasing insulin concentration in the liver input. The highest
      hepatic insulin removal rate obtained under the used portal insulin
      concentrations amounted to 2 ng insulin/min X g liver ww.

PMID- 6378194
TI  - Quantitation of Haemophilus influenzae serotype b capsular polysaccharide antigen
      in body fluids by enzyme immunoassay.
AB  - A heterogeneous enzyme immunoassay (EIA) has been developed to quantify capsular
      polysaccharide antigen of Haemophilus influenzae serotype b (Hib) polyribosyl -
      polyribitol -phosphate (PRP) in body fluids. Anti-Hib immunoglobulin G form
      rabbit adsorbed to the solid phase reacts with PRP existing in free soluble form
      in cerebrospinal fluid, serum or urine during Hib infection. IgG-anti-Hib
      labelled with horseradish peroxidase then links to PRP; the enzyme activity is
      measured by oxidation of the chromogenic substrate o-phenylenediamine. PRP
      concentrations ranged between 2 micrograms/1 to 21 mg/1 detected in acute Hib
      disease. The applicability of the EIA as a diagnostic aid is limited by cross
      reaction of other bacterial antigens. However, quantitative measurements of PRP
      by enzyme immunoassay should improve studies on Hib disease.

PMID- 6378195
TI  - [Specific cleavage of the cysteine-peptide bond of thermitase].
AB  - Cyanylation and N-cysteine peptide bond cleavage of thermitase using 2-nitro-5
      thiocyanobenzoic acid results in the formation of two peptide fragments (mol. wt.
      20 000 and 10 000) in high yield (about 90%). These peptides are well separated
      by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 in the preparative scale.

PMID- 6378197
TI  - An ATP-stimulated factor that enhances the nuclear binding of "activated"
      receptor-glucocorticoid complex.
AB  - A macromolecular material that enhances the translocation, or binding, of already
      "activated" receptor-glucocorticoid complex to nuclei in the presence of 5 mM ATP
      was separated from the cytosol of rat liver by DEAE-cellulose column
      chromatography with about 0.025 M NaCl. The molecular weight of the material was
      about 93,000 +/- 4,900, as determined by agarose gel filtration. After incubation
      at 60 degrees C for 15 min, this material still had activity to increase the
      nuclear binding, but on boiling for 15 min it lost its activity.

PMID- 6378196
TI  - Modulation of macrophage interaction with Trypanosoma cruzi by phospholipase A2
      sensitive components of the parasite membrane.
AB  - The presence of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) significantly increased the association
      between Trypanosoma cruzi and macrophages. This effect reflected alterations to
      the parasite membrane since it was reproduced only when the parasite but not the
      macrophage was pretreated with PLA2. That PLA2 activity was responsible for the
      noted enhancement was indicated by the ability of the specific substrate
      phosphatidylcholine to block it. The presence of the PLA2 inhibitors quinacrine,
      4-bromophenacyl bromide or phentermine markedly inhibited parasite-macrophage
      association. Quinacrine also inhibited association of the parasite with a non
      phagocytic host cell. These results suggested a role for endogenous PLA2 in the
      initial stages of cell infection by T. cruzi.

PMID- 6378198
TI  - The isolation and characterization of an insulin-releasing tetrapeptide from
      urines of patients with lipoatrophic diabetes.
AB  - The tetrapeptide pyroGlu-Glu-Asp-GlyOH and its gamma-amide have been isolated
      from the urines of lipodystrophic patients with insulin-resistant diabetes. Both
      peptides induce insulin release only at high blood glucose levels.

PMID- 6378199
TI  - Homogeneous magnetic fields influence pancreatic islet function in vitro.
AB  - Pancreatic islets were isolated from newborn rats and exposed to homogeneous
      magnetic fields for 48 hours. Under these conditions insulin release, measured at
      low (5.6 mM) and high (16.7 mM) glucose concentrations, was significant and dose
      dependent only at low glucose concentrations. High glucose and aminophylline (10
      mM) inhibited insulin release. Thus, in the absence of stimulatory glucose
      concentrations, low-intensity magnetic fields (1 to 10 Gauss) significantly
      influence insulin discharge from rat islets in vitro.

PMID- 6378200
TI  - Concanavalin A can trap insulin and increase insulin internalization into cells
      cultured in monolayer.
AB  - When rat hepatoma cells (R-Y121B) were incubated with insulin at 37 degrees C,
      concanavalin A increased insulin internalization into cells. When R-Y121B cells
      were first incubated with labeled insulin at 4 degrees C then with concanavalin A
      at various concentrations at 37 degrees C, the total cellular radioactivity was
      much higher at high lectin concentrations than at low lectin concentrations. This
      increase was not only due to an increase in insulin internalization into cells
      but also to an increase in insulin binding to cell surfaces. Concanavalin A can
      trap insulin on the insulin receptors - a "trapping" effect. It has been
      concluded that insulin and concanavalin A binding sites are very close to each
      other on the insulin receptors.

PMID- 6378201
TI  - Raman spectroscopy of liver alcohol dehydrogenase.
AB  - We report the Raman spectrum of liver alcohol dehydrogenase in solution. The
      enzyme's secondary structure as determined from an examination of the Raman bands
      is slightly different than that found in crystals by X-ray diffraction.

PMID- 6378202
TI  - The metabolic activation of cyanamide to an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase
      is catalyzed by catalase.
AB  - The inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase by cyanamide is dependent on an enzyme
      catalyzed conversion of the latter to an active metabolite. The following results
      suggest that catalase is the enzyme responsible for this bioactivation. The
      elevation of blood acetaldehyde elicited by cyanamide after ethanol
      administration to rats was attenuated more than 90 percent by pretreatment with
      the catalase inhibitor, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. This attenuation was dose
      dependent and was accompanied by a reduction in total hepatic catalase activity.
      Although hepatic catalase was also inhibited by cyanamide, a positive correlation
      between blood acetaldehyde and hepatic catalase activity was observed. In vitro,
      the activation inhibitor, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. This attenuation was dose
      dependent and was accompanied by a reduction in total hepatic catalase activity.
      Although hepatic catalase was also inhibited by cyanamide, a positive correlation
      between blood acetaldehyde and hepatic catalase activity was observed. In vitro,
      the activation of cyanamide was catalyzed by a) the rat liver mitochondrial
      subcellular fraction, b) the 50-65% ammonium sulfate mitochondrial fraction and
      c) purified bovine liver catalase. Cyanamide activation was inhibited by sodium
      azide. Since much of the hepatic catalase is localized in the peroxisomes and
      since peroxisomes and mitochondria cosediment, the cyanamide activating enzyme,
      catalase, is likely of peroxisomal and mitochondrial origin.

PMID- 6378203
TI  - Dissipation of membrane potential of Escherichia coli cells induced by
      macromolecular polylysine.
AB  - Macromolecular polylysine caused a rapid and drastic decrease in the membrane
      potential of Escherichia coli cells, monitored with the uptake of the lipophilic
      cation, tetraphenylphosphonium cation (TPP+). Respiration of cells was not
      affected to a significant extent by polylysine. Polylysine treatment induced the
      efflux of K+ from cells, suggesting that an increase in permeability of
      cytoplasmic membrane may be responsible for the decrease in the membrane
      potential. The action of polylysine is discussed in comparison with that of
      colicin E1 which is known to dissipate the membrane potential of E. coli cells.

PMID- 6378204
TI  - Inhibition of initiation of DNA synthesis by aminoglycoside antibiotics.
AB  - In a dnaCts mutant of E. coli, the reinitiation of DNA synthesis, which occurred
      by the shift of the culture from a restrictive temperature to a permissive
      temperature, was markedly prevented by habakacin, dibekacin, kanamycin, and
      gentamicin. On the contrary, chloramphenicol did not inhibit the reinitiation
      synthesis for 30 min. In a parallel experiment, leucine uptake into protein was
      profoundly blocked by chloramphenicol, but only slightly by habekacin. Habekacin
      did not significantly affect DNA elongation of the cells at a restrictive
      temperature. We propose that inhibition of initiation of replication by
      aminoglycoside antibiotics is related to their lethality.

PMID- 6378205
TI  - The complete amino acid sequence of aspartate aminotransferase from Escherichia
      coli: sequence comparison with pig isoenzymes.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of aspartate aminotransferase from E. coli B was
      determined by the alignment of seven cyanogen bromide peptides. The established
      sequence of the subunit was composed of 396 amino acid residues, and the
      molecular weight was calculated to be 43,573. The sequence was compared with
      those of the pig cytoplasmic and mitochondrial isoenzymes, showing that nearly
      30% of all residues were invariant and that the E. coli enzyme exhibited the same
      degree of homology (about 40%) with either of them. Although majority of the
      residues were substituted, the functional residues constituting the active site
      structure were conserved.

PMID- 6378206
TI  - Autocrine regulation of growth: I. Glucocorticoid inhibition is overcome by
      exogenous platelet derived growth factor.
AB  - The ductus deferens smooth muscle tumor cell line (DDT1MF-2) expresses c-sis
      protooncogene mRNA transcripts which encode at least one subunit of the potent
      mitogenic agent, platelet derived growth factor (PDGF). These cells also
      synthesize and secrete a protein which is immunologically identical to this
      growth factor. Therefore, PDGF is implicated in the autocrine regulation of
      DDT1MF-2 cell proliferation. While androgens also stimulate proliferation and
      induce an augmentation in androgen receptor levels in DDT1MF-2 cells,
      glucocorticoids inhibit both events and arrest cells in the G1 phase of the cell
      cycle. Addition of PDGF overcomes the glucocorticoid cell cycle arrest, but does
      not diminish the suppressive action on androgen receptor concentration. These
      findings are consistent with a mechanism by which glucocorticoids regulate DDT1MF
      2 cell proliferation through modulation of PDGF expression which is independent
      of the glucocorticoid effects on androgen receptor concentrations.

PMID- 6378207
TI  - Impairment of insulin release by methylation inhibitors.
AB  - The possible participation of enzymatic methylation reactions in the process of
      insulin release was investigated in rat pancreatic islets. The combination of 3
      deazaadenosine and DL-homocysteine impaired the incorporation of 3H-methyl from L
      [methyl-3H]methionine into endogenous islet proteins and phospholipids, but
      failed to affect turnover in the phosphatidylinositol cycle. The inhibitors of
      methylation decreased insulin release evoked by D-glucose or the combinations of
      D-glucose and gliclazide, L-leucine and L-glutamine, or Ba2+ and theophylline.
      The inhibitors of methylation did not impair either the oxidation of D-glucose or
      affect its capacity to decrease K+ conductance, stimulate Ca2+ inflow and provoke
      45Ca accumulation in pancreatic islets. It is proposed that, in the process of
      insulin secretion, a methyl acceptor protein and/or phospholipid play(s) a
      limited modulatory role in the coupling of cytosolic Ca2+ accumulation to
      exocytosis.

PMID- 6378208
TI  - Azathioprine versus D-penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis patients who have
      been treated unsuccessfully with gold.
AB  - Two hundred six patients were entered into a prospective controlled, double
      blind, multicenter trial comparing azathioprine (AZA) 1.25-1.5 mg/kg/day with D
      penicillamine (DP) 10-12 mg/kg/day. One hundred thirty-four patients completed 24
      weeks of therapy. Improvement in nearly all efficacy variables was seen in both
      groups. Patients taking DP demonstrated a greater rise in hemoglobin
      concentration and greater fall in erythrocyte sedimentation rate than patients
      receiving AZA; these were the only efficacy variables with a significant
      difference between the treatment groups. Fewer withdrawals for adverse reactions
      occurred among the patients receiving AZA, but the difference was not
      significant. Patients receiving AZA were withdrawn from the drug mainly for
      abnormal liver function test results, nausea and gastrointestinal upset, and
      leukopenia. The main reasons for withdrawal of patients receiving DP were nausea,
      rash and pruritus, thrombocytopenia, dysgeusia, and proteinuria.

PMID- 6378209
TI  - Rheumatoid myositis. Clinical and histologic features and possible pathogenesis.
AB  - Thirty-one patients with rheumatoid arthritis were consecutively studied for
      evidence of muscle involvement, using muscle biopsy and electromyography. The
      patients were initially separated into 4 clinical categories: inactive peripheral
      joint disease (6 patients); active peripheral joint disease (10 patients);
      systemic disease and a disproportionately elevated sedimentation rate for the
      degree of mild synovitis (SERD) (11 patients); or elevated creatinine
      phosphokinase level (4 patients). In addition to routine histology, muscle tissue
      was examined for de novo synthesis of IgM and IgM rheumatoid factor, and by
      indirect immunofluorescence for the presence of immunoglobulin and complement
      deposits. Our results indicate that: muscle fiber necrosis occurs frequently in
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis; rheumatoid myositis, defined as muscle fiber
      necrosis and mononuclear cell infiltration, is a distinct entity and occurs
      particularly in patients with SERD or an elevated creatinine phosphokinase level;
      and only muscle from patients with rheumatoid myositis exhibited de novo
      synthesis of rheumatoid factor and significant quantities of IgM, indicating that
      local immune events may be important in the pathogenesis of this entity.

PMID- 6378210
TI  - NuMA protein is a human autoantigen.
AB  - Routine examination of sera from patients with suspected or confirmed connective
      tissue disease has revealed the presence of autoantibodies directed against an
      unusual nuclear antigen. As characterized by immunofluorescence studies, the
      antigen is found exclusively in the nuclei of interphase cells, but appears to be
      part of the spindle pole in mitotic cells. Similar distributions in interphase
      and mitotic cells have been reported for the recently discovered nuclear mitotic
      apparatus (NuMA) protein. Using immunoblot analysis we have demonstrated that the
      autoantibodies that decorate the mitotic spindle poles are specific for the NuMA
      protein. Therefore, we conclude that the NuMA protein is a human autoantigen.

PMID- 6378212
TI  - The personal computer as a professional tool.

PMID- 6378213
TI  - Microcomputer applications.

PMID- 6378211
TI  - Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacological actions of a long-acting
      formulation of propranolol.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a long-acting formulation of 60 mg
      propranolol (Inderal LA; in the following briefly called LA) once a day were
      compared with those of conventional propranolol (Inderal; in the following called
      CV) 20 mg three times a day, by a double-blind cross-over method in healthy
      volunteers. After a single oral dose with LA in 10 subjects, the blood level
      slowly increased to reach the peak plasma level (Cmax) of 11.56 +/- 2.15 ng/ml
      (mean +/- SE) at 5 h which was lower than that of CV (42.93 +/- 19.26 ng/ml).
      However, the peak plasma level was almost constant for another 5 h with LA (11.03
      +/- 2.38 ng/ml at 10 h). The elimination half-life with LA was significantly
      longer than with CV (6.5 +/- 1.0, 3.9 +/- 0.5 h, respectively). The plasma level
      at 24 h did not differ between LA and CV (3.34 +/- 0.92, 5.47 +/- 1.38 ng/ml,
      respectively). LA and CV were orally administered for 8 consecutive days in 6
      subjects. The plasma level after LA accumulated and Cmax was 1.6 times higher and
      the area under the time-concentration curve (AUC) 1.7 times higher than on Day 1,
      but no accumulation of the plasma level was seen after CV. On Day 8 the plasma
      level after 24 h of LA turned-out to be higher than that of CV (4.4 +/- 2.2, 3.5
      +/- 1.5 ng/ml). Although the exercise heart rate was significantly more
      suppressed by CV than LA on Day 1, the difference disappeared on Day 8.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6378214
TI  - Preferred vehicles for continuing education.

PMID- 6378215
TI  - In vitro immune aggression against rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells.
AB  - Rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells cultivated with certain antisera underwent
      growth changes and necrosis. These cytotoxic antisera were obtained by immunizing
      rabbits against rat aorta, human or pig aortic glycoproteins, human serum
      glycoproteins and E. coli lipopolysaccharide. These different antigens share some
      biochemical characteristics, and contain four main amino acid residues (Glu, Ala,
      Asp, Gly) and four sugars (mannose, galactose, glucose, N-acetyl glucosamine).
      The cytolytic properties of these antisera, however, probably correspond to
      structural analogies, since although ovalbumin is a glycoprotein, anti-ovalbumin
      antiserum was not cytotoxic. Antibody cytotoxicity against rabbit arterial smooth
      muscle cells may depend on the biochemical structure of the antigen used to
      produce antiserum.

PMID- 6378216
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of lipoprotein lipase in human adipose tissue.
AB  - The distribution of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) was studied in needle biopsies of
      human adipose tissue. Antibodies against bovine milk LPL react with and inhibit
      the activity of the human enzyme. These antibodies were used for
      immunohistochemical studies of the distribution of LPL in human adipose tissue.
      Immunoreactive enzyme was observed in adipocytes and connective tissue cells
      resembling preadipocytes. It was also seen in perivascular cells, in capillaries
      and in larger vessels. Intravenous administration of heparin led to a substantial
      decrease of immunodetectable LPL in vessels, whereas the enzyme in adipocytes and
      connective tissue cells was unaffected.

PMID- 6378217
TI  - [Evaluation of the possible mutagenicity of cyanamide using the Ames and Devoret
      tests].

PMID- 6378218
TI  - [Methods of alternatives to drugs in antiarrhythmia therapy].

PMID- 6378219
TI  - [Diagnosis of essential hypertension with primary elevated blood renin and
      treatment with captopril].

PMID- 6378220
TI  - [Duration of action of sustained-release metoprolol in effort angina pectoris].

PMID- 6378221
TI  - [Controlled clinical study on the effects of acebutolol in comparison with
      hydrochlorothiazide in the aged hypertensive].

PMID- 6378222
TI  - [Radioisotope angiocardiography].

PMID- 6378223
TI  - [Nyctohemeral values of plasma renin and aldosterone in relation to age, sex and
      sodium intake and posture].

PMID- 6378224
TI  - [Autonomic nerve-function tests of digestive organs].

PMID- 6378225
TI  - The future of oral and maxillofacial surgery.

PMID- 6378226
TI  - Failures in full crown retained dental bridges.

PMID- 6378229
TI  - Studies on continuous positive airway pressure breathing systems.
AB  - A study was undertaken to compare CPAP/IMV systems shown to be in common use in
      the U.K. The most frequently used system (Servo 900B) has characteristics which
      are likely to increase the work of breathing. Recommendations are made regarding
      the theoretically most acceptable systems.

PMID- 6378228
TI  - Transient renal dysfunction during initial inhibition of converting enzyme in
      congestive heart failure.
AB  - Treatment with captopril in resistant normotensive congestive heart failure is
      associated with a pronounced reduction in blood pressure, particularly after the
      first dose. The effects of this reduction on renal function were assessed in 10
      patients at the beginning of and during chronic treatment (at one week and three
      months). Renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rates were measured by
      isotope clearance during water diuresis. The first dose of captopril (25 mg) led
      to a pronounced fall in renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rates
      together with a decrease in mean arterial pressure; this fall correlated with
      baseline plasma renin activity. These changes were paralleled by decreases in
      water and sodium excretion. In contrast, by the end of the first week of
      treatment a similar fall in mean arterial pressure occurred together with a
      pronounced increase in renal plasma flow; the glomerular filtration rate was
      maintained and there was no decrease in water and sodium excretion. This new
      response pattern recurred after three months of treatment. The difference in
      response at different stages of treatment may reflect the balance between the
      different mechanisms influencing kidney dynamics in heart failure and their
      alteration by converting enzyme inhibition. The sustained increase in renal
      plasma flow during chronic treatment with captopril may account for the continued
      control of heart failure in these patients.

PMID- 6378227
TI  - Sir Thomas Lewis redivivus: from pebbles in a quiet pond to autonomic storms.

PMID- 6378230
TI  - Lack of effect of ibopamine, a dopamine pro-drug, on renal function in normal
      subjects.
AB  - The effects of two single oral doses of ibopamine (150 and 600 mg) on heart rate,
      blood pressure, urine flow, sodium, potassium and creatinine excretion were
      studied in normal volunteers. No significant change was observed in urine flow,
      sodium, potassium or creatinine excretion at either dose. No significant change
      was observed in heart rate or blood pressure except that systolic blood pressure
      was transiently elevated after the 600 mg dose (P less than 0.05).

PMID- 6378231
TI  - Aspirin metabolism and efficacy in postoperative dental pain.
AB  - Aspirin 1200 mg was compared with placebo in a randomised, double-blind,
      crossover study in 15 patients with postoperative pain after removal of impacted
      lower third molars. Over a 5 h investigation period, patients reported
      significantly less pain (P less than 0.01) after treatment with aspirin, than
      after treatment with placebo. Peak concentrations of aspirin occurred at 15 min
      after dosage. Significant negative correlations were observed between plasma
      aspirin esterase activity and both AUC aspirin (r = -0.904, P less than 0.001)
      and AUC analgesia (r = -0.91, P less than 0.001). Similarly, a significant
      correlation was observed between AUC aspirin and AUC analgesia (r = 0.96, P less
      than 0.001). Evidence from this study would suggest that an individual's pain
      relief in postoperative dental pain is determined by the rate of aspirin
      hydrolysis to salicylate.

PMID- 6378232
TI  - Low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg/day) after aortocoronary bypass surgery: a
      placebo-controlled trial.
AB  - The effect of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg/day) upon bypass patency-rate
      and clinical course after aortocoronary bypass surgery was investigated in a
      randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Sixty patients with 143 distal
      anastomoses of bypasses were randomized, 46 underwent repeat angiography after 4
      months. Using the intention to treat-strategy, treatment was superior to placebo
      as judged by bypass patency rate and occurrence of cardiovascular complications
      or death. Counting the six drop-outs as failures, only nine of the 31 patients of
      the placebo group, but 16 of the 29 patients of the treatment group were
      considered successes (P less than 0.04). Eighteen patients in the placebo group
      and eight patients of the treatment group received beta-adrenoceptor blockers
      postoperatively, suggesting again a favourable effect of the treatment. Adverse
      drug reactions were very rare and minor. Supported by pathophysiological insights
      and positive trends in similar trials, the positive result justifies the
      recommendation of prescribing 100 mg of acetylsalicylic acid once daily to all
      patients without contraindications after aortocoronary bypass surgery. The
      positive result of this trial warrants further clinical trials of low-dose
      acetylsalicylic acid for other indications in arterial diseases.

PMID- 6378233
TI  - The influence of indomethacin and sulindac on some pharmacological actions of
      atenolol in hypertensive patients.
AB  - Indomethacin and sulindac were used as tools to study the role of renal and/or
      systemic prostaglandins in the pharmacological response to atenolol. Patients
      receiving chronic treatment with atenolol 100 mg received indomethacin 50 mg
      twice daily or sulindac 200 mg twice daily in a randomised crossover trial.
      Indomethacin significantly reduced the antihypertensive action of atenolol while
      sulindac had no effect. The role that systemic and/or renal prostaglandins may
      play in the antihypertensive action of atenolol is discussed with reference to
      renal PGI2 production and inhibition of platelet cyclo-oxygenase.

PMID- 6378234
TI  - The dose-response characteristics of the acute non-diuretic peripheral vascular
      effects of frusemide in normal subjects.
AB  - The peripheral venous and arterial effects of frusemide, plasma renin activity
      and plasma frusemide concentrations were examined during the 15 min period
      following the i.v. administration of 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg of frusemide in a
      group of nine salt depleted volunteers. The responses to 80 mg frusemide given
      orally during the 1 1 h period after administration were also examined. Increases
      in venous capacitance 5 min after administration of 5 and 10 mg frusemide were
      observed (P less than 0.05) but no significant increases were apparent after the
      higher doses. At 10 min, the increases in venous capacitance showed a flat dose
      response effect with significant increases throughout the dose range (5-80 mg).
      Decreases in forearm blood flow occurred at 5 and 10 min after frusemide
      administration at all the doses studied (P less than 0.05) while blood pressure
      responses at 10 min showed increasing effect with increasing dose. An oral dose
      of 80 mg frusemide produced a rise in venous capacitance 15 min after
      administration and a decrease in forearm blood flow during the period 15-60 min
      without any alteration in heart rate or blood pressure.

PMID- 6378235
TI  - Chronic effects of metoprolol and methyldopa on calf blood flow in intermittent
      claudication.
AB  - In a placebo-controlled double-blind study 14 hypertensive patients with
      intermittent claudication were treated with metoprolol (100-200 mg daily) and
      methyldopa (500-1000 mg daily) for 3 weeks and their effects on heart rate, blood
      pressure as well as on resting and hyperaemic calf blood flow and vascular
      resistance were compared. In their antihypertensive effect metoprolol and
      methyldopa did not differ significantly. In 23 diseased limbs the calf blood flow
      and vascular resistance remained unchanged at rest during the trial. The active
      drugs reduced hyperaemic flow (P less than 0.05). The peak flow was reduced by
      20% (P greater than 0.01) with metoprolol and by 15% with methyldopa below the
      initial level and by 17% and by 12% below the level recorded on placebo,
      respectively. Neither of the drugs influenced vascular resistance during reactive
      hyperaemia. Thus, in patients with intermittent claudication antihypertensives
      should be used with care.

PMID- 6378236
TI  - Oral acyclovir prophylaxis against herpes simplex virus in non-Hodgkin lymphoma
      and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia patients receiving remission induction
      chemotherapy. A randomised double blind, placebo controlled trial.
AB  - Forty-one patients receiving remission induction chemotherapy with vincristine,
      adriamycin and prednisolone (VAP) for high grade lymphoma or acute lymphoblastic
      leukaemia were entered into a double blind, placebo controlled trial of oral
      acyclovir prophylaxis against herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. The dose of
      acyclovir was 200 mg four times daily for the duration of chemotherapy (six
      weeks). Of the 40 evaluable patients, 20 were randomised to each arm.
      Prophylactic oral acyclovir significantly reduced the incidence of clinical HSV
      infection from 60% on placebo to 5% acyclovir (P less than 0.001), and the
      incidence of viral isolates from 70% on placebo to 5% on acyclovir (P less than
      0.001).

PMID- 6378238
TI  - Mutagenic and cytotoxic activity of doxorubicin and daunorubicin derivatives on
      prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
AB  - The mutagenic and cytotoxic activity of two newly synthesized doxorubicin
      derivatives and of one daunorubicin derivative were studied in V79 Chinese
      hamster cells and bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli). The
      results showed that all the compounds tested were cytotoxic and mutagenic for
      both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. However, in both systems, the two 4
      desmethoxy- and the 4'-desoxy-derivatives were more active than the parent
      compounds, indicating that modifications in the aglycone or in the sugar moiety
      can produce appreciable changes in the biological properties of the anthracycline
      antibiotics. The in vitro activities observed in this study correlated with the
      in vivo antitumour potency.

PMID- 6378237
TI  - Laminin and fibronectin in rectal adenocarcinoma: relationship to tumour grade,
      stage and metastasis.
AB  - Using an immunoperoxidase procedure, we have examined the distribution of laminin
      and fibronectin in normal human large intestinal mucosa and in 50 cases of rectal
      adenocarcinoma for which extensive clinical follow up was available. In normal
      tissue, laminin staining was largely restricted to basement membranes, including
      that underlying the epithelial cells, whereas fibronectin was found in both
      basement membranes and surrounding connective tissue. In rectal carcinomas,
      basement membrane-like staining for laminin associated with tumour cells was
      found in only 27 out of the 50 cases studied. Statistical analysis showed that
      the presence of laminin-containing basement membranes was correlated with low
      histological grade (well-differentiated tumours), but not with stage (progression
      through the bowel wall and the development of lymph node metastases) and, in a
      highly significant way, with a reduced incidence of distant metastases and
      increased patient survival. Although fibronectin was found in tumour cell
      basement membranes where these were present, it was also found in the stroma of
      all 50 tumours. There was no apparent correlation between the presence of stromal
      fibronectin and grade, stage or development of metastases. Finally, attention is
      drawn to some of the technical difficulties in detecting basement membrane
      antigens in formalin-fixed tissue, the material most frequently available for
      retrospective study.

PMID- 6378239
TI  - Trials of live attenuated influenza virus vaccine in patients with chronic
      obstructive airways disease. (MRC Advisory Group on Pulmonary Function Tests in
      relation to live influenza vaccines).
AB  - Three controlled trials of attenuated live influenza vaccines in patients with
      chronic bronchitis with airways obstruction are described. A recombinant virus
      with parentage from PR8/34 (H1N1) and A/Alaska/77 (H3N2) was present in the
      vaccine (RIT 4199) used in the first two trials. In the third trial a cold
      adapted recombinant virus vaccine (A/Washington/80, H3N2) was used. No adverse
      effects were noted in the first two trials in which half of the patients
      responded serologically to the vaccine. In the third trial increases in upper
      respiratory symptoms occurred in the first week after vaccine was inoculated. One
      patient, who did not respond serologically to the vaccine, developed a temporary
      sharp decline in FEV1.0 and FVC. We have no explanation other than the
      preinoculation HI serum antibodies for the low rate of serological response (9 of
      29) in the vaccinated patients in the third trial.

PMID- 6378240
TI  - Divergent patterns of leucocyte locomotion in experimental post-traumatic
      osteomyelitis.
AB  - Leucocyte locomotion (LL) was evaluated in guinea-pigs with experimental post
      traumatic osteomyelitis. Surgical procedure (fracture of the right femur), the
      number of micro-organisms applied to the fractured site and the time sequence of
      investigations were kept constant. After the right femur of guinea-pigs had been
      fractured, the animals were divided into three groups: in group I the fractured
      site remained uninfected, while in groups 2 and 3 the fractured sites were
      infected with either Escherichia coli (10(5] or with Staphylococcus aureus
      (10(4]. In a fourth group, guinea-pigs were anaesthesized only, without any
      further trauma. LL was significantly depressed in all three groups following
      trauma on postoperative day 5 as compared to pre-operative levels (P less than
      0.01), but had remained normal in guinea-pigs which had been anaesthesized only.
      While LL returned to pre-operative levels and stayed normal in uninfected guinea
      pigs and those which had been infected with E. coli, LL levels fell significantly
      (P less than 0.05) in guinea-pigs which had been infected with Staph. aureus on
      postoperative day 55 and remained depressed throughout the observation period of
      90 days. These findings emphasize that defects in LL are connected with the
      infectious agent and are not merely secondary to the process in the osseous
      tissue.

PMID- 6378241
TI  - Cutaneous leishmaniasis: immune complex formation and necrosis in the acute
      phase.
AB  - Twenty biopsies of lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis were classified according
      to the mechanism of parasite elimination, on the basis of macrophage activation
      (five cases) or macrophage lysis (15 cases). The immunoperoxidase technique was
      used to demonstrate free Leishmania antigen, immunoglobulins, complement,
      lysozyme, C-reactive protein, beta-lipoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2
      macroglobulin, plasminogen and factor VIII, which were quantitated and
      comparatively assessed. The fall in the parasite load during the course of the
      infection was associated with rising levels of IgG, IgM and IgE, and of the
      complement components of the classical pathway. Macrophage lysis supervened when
      there was an approximate equivalence of antigen and antibody, and was associated
      with the deposition of immune complex components. Lysis of the acute focal type
      (C response) was accompanied by a massive liberation of free Leishmania antigen,
      followed by a fall indicative of parasite elimination. The lysis of small numbers
      of macrophages scattered diffusely in the lesion, which was slow to reach
      completion (B response), was less effective and immunologically closer to the non
      lytic (A) response. A terminal fall of the immunological factors other than the
      globulins, suggestive of resolution, was observed mainly in the C response.
      Lymphocytes may be important in macrophage activation associated with the
      macrophage A response and in the later stage of the B and C responses. However
      immunologically induced host-cell lysis is more important than macrophage
      activation for the elimination of Leishmania in the acute stage of most skin
      lesions. It is associated with, and may be caused by, the formation in situ of
      immune complexes of Leishmania antigen and antibody at an appropriate ratio.

PMID- 6378242
TI  - Late-stage cutaneous leishmaniasis: immunopathology of tuberculoid lesions in
      skin and lymph nodes.
AB  - Strong development of tuberculoid features in the late stage of cutaneous
      leishmaniasis presents immunopathological, diagnostic and sometimes therapeutic
      problems. Only two such cases were identified out of 30 late-stage cases of the
      disease. They were delineated on histological and immunocytological grounds, and
      found to present higher levels of Leishmania antigen and lower levels of IgG than
      the weakly tuberculoid cases. One case showed histological and skin test evidence
      of delayed-type hypersensitivity; the other case (clinically of the relapsing or
      recidiva variety) lacked such evidence. Here the residual antigen was segregated
      at the periphery of the lesion. In three late-stage cases for which lymph node
      biopsies were available there was a stronger tuberculoid response in lymph node
      or lymphatic than in the skin lesion. In two cases there was caseation. Germinal
      follicles were notably active. It is suggested that in cutaneous leishmaniasis a
      strong tuberculoid response may be associated not so much with immune complex
      formation (as in the majority of lesions) but with sequestration of antigen at a
      peripheral site or in the lymphatic apparatus.

PMID- 6378243
TI  - In situ immunological characterization of the infiltrating cells in positive
      patch tests.
AB  - Skin biopsies from positive allergic patch tests were analysed by immunoenzymatic
      labelling of frozen sections with monoclonal antibodies. In seventeen patients
      the cellular infiltrate consisted of T cells admixed with Langerhans
      cells/indeterminate cells, but in two patients there were also many B
      lymphocytes. The B cells were accompanied by dendritic reticulum cells forming B
      cell follicles, indistinguishable from those of normal and hyperplastic lymph
      nodes. There was no correlation between these two immunohistological staining
      patterns and the sensitizing antigen, the extent of local reaction or the time
      from epicutaneous application of allergen to examination (2 to 16 days). The
      ratio between T-helper and T-suppressor cells varied considerably, and showed no
      correlation with these variables. In all patients the infiltrating T cells
      expressed HLA-DR antigen. Transferrin receptors were identified on the
      infiltrating T cells in biopsies from nine patients. These data indicate
      activation of T cells in the infiltrate from positive patch tests, and support
      the functional significance of Langerhans cells in the initiation and maintenance
      of cutaneous contact allergy. An involvement of B cells and B-cell accessory
      cells in the pathogenesis of contact allergic reactions is also suggested. The
      presence of dendritic reticulum cells in skin infiltrates from positive patch
      tests may reflect a functional implication of the skin in the development of B
      cell memory.

PMID- 6378244
TI  - Immunological identification and function of dermal and epidermal cells.

PMID- 6378245
TI  - An assessment of the relationship between vasoconstrictor assay findings,
      clinical efficacy and skin thinning effects of a variety of undiluted and diluted
      corticosteroid preparations.
AB  - We have evaluated a number of diluted and undiluted topical corticosteroid
      preparations in terms of vasoconstrictor potency, clinical efficacy and skin
      thinning effects. We conclude that, for the materials tested so far, an area
      under the curve measurement obtained from serial readings of the vasoconstrictor
      assay allows reasonably accurate predictions to be made concerning the relative
      clinical efficacy and skin thinning potential of these agents. If further work
      with a wide range of topical corticosteroids confirms our findings, the value of
      the vasoconstrictor assay as a predictive model will be enhanced.

PMID- 6378246
TI  - Insulin receptors in cultured human keratinocytes.
AB  - Insulin binding to receptors was studied for the first time in cultured normal
      epidermal human keratinocytes. Binding was measured at 16 degrees C in steady
      state conditions using 125I-labelled iodohormone and varying concentrations of
      unlabelled hormone. Insulin binding was compatible with either a two-site model-
      a high affinity site (about 6000 sites per cell) and a low affinity site (about
      88,000 sites per cell) site--or one class of binding site with negatively co
      operative interactions, or both these models may operate. Insulin receptors (IR)
      have been extensively studied in various biological systems, but not in epidermal
      cells. However, insulin resistance with defects in IR may be associated with
      cutaneous abnormalities (acanthosis nigricans). This led us to study insulin
      binding on normal human keratinocytes in culture.

PMID- 6378247
TI  - Animal assays for anti-psoriatic, retinoid and sun protective agents.
AB  - It is possible to evaluate different dermatological therapeutic agents intended
      for human use in a variety of animal assays. This review will discuss some of
      these assays, and attempt to correlate animal and human skin responses. Psoriasis
      is a disease where changes in epidermal proliferation may be an important factor.
      It is possible to assay potential anti-psoriatic agents by measuring their
      ability to suppress DNA synthesis in the epidermis of hairless mice. This assay
      is predictive of the anti-psoriatic effectiveness of numerous agents including a
      variety of anti-proliferative drugs and anthralin, and has been used to evaluate
      the potential efficacy of purified coal tar shampoos and body preparations. The
      activity of the polyamine biosynthesis enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is
      elevated in psoriatic skin, and it is induced in mouse epidermis by tape
      stripping. Retinoids can inhibit the induction of ODC activity, and this
      inhibition may be used to evaluate novel synthetic retinoids. Retinoids have
      beneficial effects on the abnormal keratinization found in various diseases.
      Rhino mice have multiple keratin-filled epidermal utricles, and the size of these
      is reduced by retinoid treatment. Observing the changes in the size of the
      utricles can be utilized to evaluate the effects of retinoids on keratinization.
      Sunscreen agents are tested on human volunteers by observing their ability to
      inhibit the erythema induced by exposure to solar-simulated light, to obtain a
      sun protection factor (SPF). It is possible to utilize the ability of sunscreens
      to inhibit other actinic-induced changes in the skin using animals. Parameters
      that may be measured include changes in DNA synthesis and ODC activity in the
      epidermis following ultraviolet irradiation. Some of these assays correlate well
      with human SPF determinations.

PMID- 6378248
TI  - Leu-10 (HLA-DC/DS) antigen distribution in human leukaemic disorders as detected
      by a monoclonal antibody: correlation with HLA-DR expression.
AB  - Reactivity of the monoclonal antibody anti-Leu-10 that detects the human
      equivalent of the murine 1-A subregion antigen(s) was studied and correlated with
      anti-HLA-DR expression on 83 cases of acute and chronic leukaemias, leukaemic non
      Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) and seven human cell lines. Peripheral blood and/or
      bone marrow leukaemic cell suspensions were stained by indirect
      immunofluorescence for both monoclonal antibodies and analysed by flow cytometry.
      Leu-10, like HLA-DR, was absent from T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)
      (two cases). It was expressed on: 33% of TdT +, CALLA + ALL cases (8/24); 27%
      (4/15) of acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL); 85% (24/28) of HLA-DR + B-cell
      chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL); and on 9/14 (64%) B-cell NHL cases. There
      were no differences in clinical characteristics between Leu-10 + and Leu-10-
      patient subgroups. We were able to induce Leu-10 expression on 'Josh' cell line
      by culturing it with 12-0-tetra-decanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Our data
      indicate that Leu-10 expression on leukaemic cells is more restricted than HLA-DR
      and is likely to be differentiation related, since it can be induced to be
      expressed at a later stage than HLA-DR.

PMID- 6378249
TI  - Development of 'auto anti-A1 antibodies' following alloimmunization in an A2
      recipient.

PMID- 6378250
TI  - Effect of the air hammer on the hands of stonecutters. The limestone quarries of
      Bedford, Indiana, revisited.
AB  - In the limestone quarries of Indiana, USA, pneumatic percussive hammers replaced
      the mallet and hammer around 1900. By 1917 the air hammer was being used
      exclusively for periods of eight to ten hours a shift. In 1918 Alice Hamilton
      investigated an unusual "disease" in these stonecutters of Bedford, Indiana, who
      complained of "attacks of numbness and blanching of the fingers coming on
      suddenly under the influence of cold and then disappearing." The prevalence of
      vibration induced white finger (VWF) found in this population of 38 stonecutters
      was 89%, with decreased light touch, pain, and temperature appreciation in
      advanced cases. In 1978 a VWF research team revisited these limestone quarries.
      During the 60 year interval the stonecutting industry had contracted from 4000
      workers in 40 quarries in 1918 to 3-400 in 10 quarries in 1978, with only 50
      employees remaining in the Bedford area. In a population of 30 stonecutters the
      prevalence of VWF in 1978 was 80%, with similar sensory loss in light touch,
      pain, and temperature appreciation. Between 1918 and 1978 no change had taken
      place in the design of the air hammers used for stonecutting. Vibration levels of
      4859 metres/s2 on the chisel, and 2010 metres/s2 on the barrel were measured over
      a frequency range 6.3 to 1000 Hz. The fundamental frequency was 75 Hz. These
      measured vibration levels are outside the ISO/DIS/5349 (1979) recommended limits
      for human exposure to vibration transmitted to the hand. The VWF data presented
      in this paper, and those originally reported by Hamilton in 1918, call for an
      immediate redesign of stonecutting pneumatic hammers in order to remove one cause
      of Raynaud's phenomenon of occupational origin.

PMID- 6378252
TI  - On the centenary of Charcot: hysteria, suggestibility and hypnosis.
AB  - In studying hysteria by means of hypnosis, Charcot placed emphasis on the
      psychological aetiology of the neuroses. Among his pupils, Freud alone grasped
      this epistemological turning-point, from which he made his great discoveries. But
      hysteria and hypnosis still remain today largely unknown. We have not yet
      elucidated the 'mysterious leap' between the psychological and the somatic for
      the former, and between the relational and the instrumental for the latter. While
      psychoanalysts have constantly concerned themselves with hysteria, they have
      shown a lack of interest in hypnosis after Freud abandoned its practice.
      According to Freud, thanks to transference, affect would be controlled by
      cognition, a viewpoint eminently suited to satisfy his rationalistic outlook.
      Affect, however, remains an unknown realm. The affective relationship has, at all
      events, acquired an ever-increasing importance in psychoanalysis during the last
      few years, with the emphasis on the early mother-child relationship. The
      'affective locus' remains the basic, as well as the most obscure, element in the
      hypno-suggestive relationship. The behaviourist approach, which quantifies the
      'vertical' dimension in depth, is a limited one. The study of the 'horizontal'
      dimension of subjective experience represents a new line of research, which may
      make it possible to distinguish different forms of hypnosis. The understanding of
      hypno-suggestion may throw light on psychoanalysis, psychotherapy, and the human
      sciences in general.

PMID- 6378251
TI  - High accuracy (stable isotope dilution) measurements of lead in serum and
      cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - The concentration of lead in blood, serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine was
      measured in patients with neurological disease and in control subjects including
      cases of plumbism. A plot of blood lead versus serum lead resembles the familiar
      curves of blood lead versus either free erythrocyte porphyrin or urinary delta
      aminolaevulinic acid in that serum lead is constant up to a blood lead
      concentration of 40 micrograms/dl (2 mumol/l) and rises steeply thereafter. The
      serum lead concentrations yield renal clearances in the range 5-22 ml/min in
      agreement with values obtained with radiolead on man and predicted from animal
      studies. The lead content of cerebrospinal fluid is consistently less than that
      of serum, averaging 50% of the serum concentration for blood leads of less than
      20 micrograms/dl (1 mumol/l) but rising to 80-90% in cases of plumbism. Patients
      with motor neurone disease could not be distinguished from those with other
      neurological diseases on the basis of the lead content of their serum or
      cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 6378253
TI  - Maximizing scarce resources: autogenic relaxation classes at a health centre.
AB  - The establishment of relaxation classes in a health centre is described from the
      point of view of a cost-effective way of helping relatively large numbers of
      people with physical and psychological problems, with a minimum of professional
      time.

PMID- 6378254
TI  - The presence of essential arginine residues at the NADPH-binding sites of beta
      ketoacyl reductase and enoyl reductase domains of the multifunctional fatty acid
      synthetase of chicken liver.
AB  - Treatment of chicken liver fatty acid synthetase with the arginine-specific
      reagent phenylglyoxal resulted in the pseudo-first-order loss of synthetase, beta
      ketoacyl reductase and enoyl reductase activities. The sum of the second-order
      rate constants for the two reductase reactions equalled that for the synthetase
      reaction, suggesting that inactivation of either reductase was responsible for
      the loss of fatty acid synthetase activity. Double-log plots of pseudo-first
      order rate constant versus reagent concentration yielded straight lines with
      slopes of unity for all three activities tested, suggesting the reaction of one
      reagent molecule in the inactivation process. In parallel experiments, complete
      inactivation of synthetase activity was accompanied by the incorporation of 4.5
      [14C]phenylglyoxal, and the loss of 2.3 arginine residues per subunit. Reaction
      of essential sulfhydryl groups was not involved, since inactivation by
      phenylglyoxal was unaffected by reversible protection of these groups with 5,5'
      dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). Inactivation of all three activities by
      phenylglyoxal was prevented by saturating amounts of the coenzyme NADPH, or its
      analogs 2',5'-ADP and 2'-AMP, but not by the corresponding nucleotides containing
      only the 5'-phosphate. Conversely, the ability of this enzyme to bind NADPH was
      abolished upon inactivation. These results are consistent with the presence of an
      essential arginine residue at the binding site for the 2'-phosphate group of
      NADPH at each of the two reductase domains of the multifunctional fatty acid
      synthetase subunit.

PMID- 6378255
TI  - Binding of NAD and NADP dimers to NAD- and NADP-dependent dehydrogenases.
AB  - Interaction of the electrolytically prepared dimers of nicotinamide adenine
      nucleotide, (NAD)2, and nicotinamide adenine nucleotide phosphate, (NADP)2, with
      lactate, alcohol, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, alpha-glycerophosphate, glutamate
      and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase has been studied using the quenching of
      protein fluorescence, kinetics of inhibition and the stopped-flow method. It has
      been shown that these enzymes are able to bind dimers preserving their coenzyme
      specificity. The most efficient binding of (NAD)2 has been observed in the case
      of glutamate and lactate (bovine heart) dehydrogenase, the dissociation constants
      being 6 and 8 microM, respectively. (NADP)2 affinity to glutamate and glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase is also fairly high. More detailed studies on the
      interactions of dimers with alcohol and glutamate dehydrogenase have shown that
      the binding to the coenzyme binding site is the prerequisite for the association.
      However, some additional stabilizing interactions with other enzyme groups are
      not excluded, though (NAD)2 does not bind to the known binding sites of these
      enzymes, such as the substrate pocket of alcohol dehydrogenase and the regulatory
      binding sites for ADP and GTP of glutamate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 6378256
TI  - Properties of a particulate squalene epoxidase from Candida albicans.
AB  - The properties and requirements of squalene epoxidase and effects of some
      inhibitors were investigated in the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. A washed
      'microsomal' fraction converted radiolabelled squalene to 2,3-oxidosqualene and
      lanosterol. Minimum requirements for activity were molecular oxygen, NADH or
      NADPH, and FAD. Epoxidase activity was stimulated by up to 100% by addition of
      the soluble cytoplasmic fraction, which itself contained negligible epoxidase
      activity. This stimulation was most powerful at low concentrations of enzyme, or
      high concentrations of squalene. Divalent cations did not stimulate activity and
      EDTA was not inhibitory. An apparent Km for squalene of 50 microM was determined
      in the presence of soluble cytoplasm. Epoxidase activity was destroyed by Triton
      X-100, deoxycholate or Cu2+, and partially inhibited by thiol reagents, rotenone
      and antimycin A. The enzyme was not inhibited by cyanide or by several inhibitors
      of cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 6378257
TI  - [The insulin receptor: an autonomous transfer system of the hormonal message?].

PMID- 6378258
TI  - Oxygen consumption of infants with respiratory distress syndrome.
AB  - The objective of this research was to determine the oxygen consumption of newborn
      infants with respiratory distress syndrome in the first 4 days of life. Serial
      determinations of oxygen consumption were made in 14 infants with respiratory
      distress syndrome receiving positive end-expiratory pressures. The mean (+/- SE)
      oxygen consumption determined at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h postnatal age were 8.3 +/-
      0.9, 6.5 +/- 0.8, 5.5 +/- 0.5, and 5.3 +/- 0.6 ml/min/kg, respectively. The level
      of oxygen consumption at 24 h postnatal age was significantly greater than the
      levels determined at 48, 72, and 96 h (p less than 0.03). The oxygen levels found
      at 72 and 96 h of age were comparable to those determined for healthy preterm
      infants. A linear regression of serial oxygen consumption and weight loss yielded
      a 'fair' (r = 0.5) correlation with a significant inference (p less than 0.01).

PMID- 6378259
TI  - No evidence of antipsychotic effect of caerulein in schizophrenic patients free
      of neuroleptics: a double-blind cross-over study.

PMID- 6378260
TI  - The consolidation hypothesis for REM sleep function: stress and other confounding
      factors--a review.
AB  - One commonly held hypothesis about the function of REM sleep (RS) concerns the
      consolidation of plastic processes, particularly those relating to learning and
      memory. The majority of the experimental data apparently supporting this
      hypothesis come from RS deprivation (RSD) studies. However, this review points
      out that: (i) there are several shortcomings with the methodology of animal RSD
      investigations, (ii) RSD seems to produce arousal and stereotyped behaviour which
      may interfere with learning etc., and consequently give artificial support to the
      hypothesis. The review then examines evidence outside the field of RSD, relating
      to the hypothesis, which seems further to confound or contradict it. Whilst the
      hypothesis is not rejected, these problems need to be addressed further by its
      supporters.

PMID- 6378261
TI  - Asymmetry of electrodermal activity: a review.
AB  - Before the seventies, with a few exceptions, electrodermal activity had been
      studied only unilaterally, presuming symmetry. Only in the seventies do a growing
      number of authors take an interest in electrodermal asymmetry, due in part to the
      enthusiasm evoked by theories of hemispheric specialization. The purpose of this
      paper is to clarify and summarize the data - often contradictory - collected on
      this subject and to point out some remaining problems.

PMID- 6378262
TI  - Insulin receptors and placental proteins in normal and gestational-diabetic
      pregnancies.
AB  - We studied 125I-insulin binding to monocytes and plasma levels of two
      trophoblastic proteins from 38 pregnant patients with varying degrees of
      carbohydrate intolerance, including 10 pregnant controls (PC), 17 Class A
      diabetics (A), 6 Class B diabetics - prior to insulin therapy (B-noRx) and 5
      different Class B diabetics studied 1-6 weeks following initiation of insulin
      therapy (B-Rx). All studies were performed in the second half of pregnancy. In
      comparison to six age- and weight-matched nonpregnant controls (NPC), insulin
      binding to monocytes was somewhat higher in both PC and A. B.noRx patients had
      significantly lower tracer binding than did PC (0.71 +/- 0.3 vs 2.6 +/-
      0.6%/10(7) cells, p less than 0.01). Insulin treatment of Class B patients
      restored insulin tracer binding levels to above normal. Levels of human placental
      lactogen (HPL) were significantly elevated in B-noRx patients compared to PC and
      A and were lowered to levels comparable to normal in insulin-treated B patients.
      A highly significant inverse relationship existed between HPL levels and the
      tracer binding of insulin for all patients studied (r = -0.52, p less than
      0.005). Elevations of pregnancy-specific beta 1 glycoprotein were observed in
      patients with mild carbohydrate intolerance (A) as well as Bno-Rx, but were
      comparable to normal in those B-patients receiving insulin therapy. There were no
      significant differences of insulin binding or receptor number in the patient
      groups in the postpartum state. This further supports the hypothesis that
      placental factors may be responsible for the insulin binding defects seen in
      gestational diabetes.

PMID- 6378263
TI  - A high-resolution 1H-NMR investigation of the histidine-binding protein J of
      Salmonella typhimurium. Substrate-induced conformational changes.
AB  - High-resolution 1H-NMR spectroscopy at 600 MHz has been used to investigate the
      conformational transitions of the histidine-binding protein J of Salmonella
      typhimurium in solution as a function of pH and of L-histidine concentration. The
      dissociation constant for the binding of L-histidine to histidine-binding protein
      J increases from 6.0 X 10(-8) to 5.1 X 10(-7) M in going from pH 5.57 to 8.00.
      The conformation of this protein as observed by 1H-NMR also changes over this
      range of pH. However, when L-histidine is bound, the changes in conformation with
      pH are much smaller. Also, the pK for the single histidyl residue in histidine
      binding protein J changes from 6.75 in the absence of L-histidine to 6.52 when L
      histidine is bound. Earlier work in this laboratory resulted in the
      identification of several proton resonances believed to be at or near the L
      histidine-binding site. Two of these resonances have been assigned to a tyrosine
      and the single histidyl residue in the histidine-binding protein J molecule.

PMID- 6378264
TI  - Californium-252 plasma desorption time of flight mass spectroscopy of proteins.
AB  - Fast heavy ions, i.e. fission fragments from a 252Cf-source, have been used to
      desorb and ionize peptides and proteins from a sample surface. Masses of the
      desorbed ions have been determined by the time-of-flight technique. The mass
      interval of the molecules studied is 1000-14 000 u. Quasi-molecular ions of
      higher masses than earlier reported have been observed. The results include the
      detection of quasi-molecular ions of proinsulins, cytochrome-C, ribonuclease and
      two phospholipases. The general features of mass spectra of proteins using this
      ionization method are described. Emphasis is put on the discussion of metastable
      ion decay, neutral components, multiply charged ions, isotopic broadening, and
      cluster ion formation. Also the precision which can be obtained with a straight
      time-of-flight mass spectrometer will be discussed. Future applications of the
      technique are outlined.

PMID- 6378265
TI  - Chenodeoxycholic acid pool size determination from children using isotope
      dilution mass spectrometry.
AB  - An isotope dilution mass spectrometry method is described for determining
      chenodeoxycholic acid pool size in children. The stable isotopically labeled
      tracer, (11,12-2H2) chenodeoxycholic acid, was administered orally to children,
      and the enrichment of bile was measured by selected ion monitoring gas
      chromatography mass spectrometry. The level of (11,12-2H2)chenodeoxycholic acid
      enrichment found in the patient samples was in the range of 0.5 to 5%. Data are
      presented illustrating the duplication of this method in two independent
      laboratories using standard quadrupole mass spectrometers. This procedure
      provides the clinician with a non-radioactive method for determining
      chenodeoxycholic acid pool size which is especially beneficial in studies
      involving children and pregnant women.

PMID- 6378266
TI  - [Hypoglycemic effect of immobilized insulin in experimental diabetes].
AB  - As compared with the known long-acting insulin preparations, immobilized insulin
      produces an earlier (starting from the first hour) and more prolonged
      hypoglycemic action in experimental animals (in the intact and in those with
      induced diabetes) after a single subcutaneous injection.

PMID- 6378267
TI  - [Proteolytic degradation of nuclear matrix proteins in rat liver and Zajdela
      ascites hepatoma].
AB  - Long-term incubation of rat liver nuclei (particularly in 2M NaCl) led to a
      decrease in the yield of the nuclear matrix. However, the electrophoretic pattern
      of nuclear matrix proteins remained essentially unchanged. In Zajdela's ascites
      hepatoma, long-term incubation of the nuclei resulted in lamina proteolysis. The
      proteolysis was partly inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride in high
      concentrations.

PMID- 6378268
TI  - [Mechanism of action of ethanol on enkephalinase A activity in the rat brain].
AB  - The influence of ethanol, its metabolites and some opiates on enkephalinase A
      activity was studied in rat experiments in vitro after acute and chronic
      administration of ethanol. It was demonstrated that addition of ethanol to the
      reaction mixture activated enkephalinase A of the midbrain and hypothalamus of
      intact rats, the maximal effect being attained at an ethanol concentration of 10(
      3) M. Multiple washings with buffer of the ethanol-preincubated membranous
      fraction of these brain structures in the control rats did not lead to a
      significant reduction in the activating effect of ethanol on enkephalinase A. No
      activation was recorded upon the use of an enzymatic preparation of the brain
      from chronically alcoholized animals. Morphine, naltrexon, beta-carbolines,
      salsolinol (10(-4) M) and acetaldehyde (10(-8)-10(-2) M) did not activate the
      enzyme. It is suggested that enkephalinase A activation in rats given ethanol is
      determined by a direct action of ethanol on the enzyme.

PMID- 6378269
TI  - [Mobilization for transfer of the nonconjugative plasmid pAP/57Hly by different
      conjugative plasmids].
AB  - The ability for mobilization of E. coli pAP57Hly nonconjugative plasmid which
      codes for beta-hemolysis production was investigated. It was shown that
      mobilization of pAP57Hly nonconjugative plasmid does not depend on the
      incompatibility groups, pili nature, host range of transmissible activity of
      conjugative plasmids. The data obtained exclude the mechanism of mobilization in
      which the cointegrative structures are formed.

PMID- 6378270
TI  - [Method of determining the activity of cell suspensions as determined by their
      natural motility].
AB  - A new method and setup for determination of motile cell suspension activity are
      offered. A possibility of measuring the activity with regard to the quota of
      motile cells and their mean velocity has been shown. Bovine sperm in two diluents
      was applied as a test object.

PMID- 6378271
TI  - Acquired severe aplastic anemia: progress and perplexity.

PMID- 6378272
TI  - Advances in the prenatal diagnosis of hematologic diseases.
AB  - Prenatal diagnosis of hematologic diseases can now be performed with fetal blood,
      fetal amniotic fluid cell DNA, and fetal chorionic villi DNA. Some
      hemoglobinopathies can be detected by all three methods, and the choice will
      depend on the available obstetric and laboratory techniques, as well as the time
      of presentation of the pregnancy. Hopefully, further development of molecular
      probes and techniques will soon expand these options to all of the globin
      disorders. Detection of coagulation disorders in utero currently requires samples
      of pure fetal blood. Gene cloning is accomplished for some (factor IX and
      antithrombin III) and is underway for others (factor VIII), and further
      investigation is necessary to determine whether deficiencies in these gene
      products are due to gene deletion or to mutant genes linked to polymorphic
      restriction enzyme sites of diagnostic use. Thus, molecular biology may be
      applied to prenatal diagnosis of the clotting problems, but this has not yet been
      accomplished. Disorders affecting the number and/or function of erythrocytes,
      leukocytes, and platelets can be diagnosed by analysis of fetal blood. Blood
      samples will continue to be required until more is known about the molecular
      biology of hematopoiesis. Syndromes that can be diagnosed by chromosome studies
      should be revealed in cultures of amniotic fluid cells, fetal blood lymphocytes,
      and chorionic villi cells. Cultured cells can be examined for karyotypes, Y
      chromatin, spontaneous or induced chromosome breakage, DNA repair, SCEs, and
      translocations. The techniques for culturing amniotic cells and fetal blood white
      cells are established, and those for growing cells from chorionic villi are
      improving rapidly. Direct preparations of cells from villi only may suffice for
      some of the above analyses. The study of hematologic disease in utero has thus
      come full circle, from the use of amniotic cells to determine the sex in X-linked
      disorders, to fetal blood sampling for the analysis of gene products, then back
      to amniocentesis for DNA, and now earlier in gestation to chorionic villi. All of
      this has occurred in less than ten years, and it is anticipated that developments
      in the next ten years will be equally dramatic. The future should bring all
      prenatal testing into the first trimester, use molecular probes, and provide for
      both early diagnosis and early treatment of genetic hematologic disease.

PMID- 6378273
TI  - Complete recovery of hemopoiesis following bone marrow transplant in a patient
      with unresponsive congenital hypoplastic anemia (Blackfan-Diamond syndrome).
AB  - Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was carried out on a 5-year-old boy
      with congenital hypoplastic anemia (CHA), who did not respond to corticosteroids
      and who was displaying signs of progressive hemosiderosis. Pretransplant
      preparation had to be modified because respiratory failure and cerebral edema
      supervened. This preparatory regimen consisted of busulfan (2 mg/kg for four
      days), cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg for one day), and total body irradiation (750
      rad). Hemopoiesis was completely restored and is still maintained 650 days after
      transplantation. This is the second published report on the use of BMT to treat a
      patient with CHA, and it is the first time it has resulted in long-term survival.
      BMT should be considered for patients with CHA who do not respond to
      corticosteroids.

PMID- 6378274
TI  - Hybridomas for production of monoclonal antibodies to human erythropoietin.
AB  - Human urinary erythropoietin has been highly purified by a combination of
      conventional purification methods and immunoadsorbent columns packed with
      hybridoma-produced antibodies against contaminants that seemed difficult to
      separate from erythropoietin by the usual means. By using the partially purified
      erythropoietin as an antigen, three hybridoma clones have been obtained that
      secrete monoclonal antibodies against erythropoietin. One of the clones has been
      quite stable, with a rapid growth rate and high production of antibody. Western
      blotting technique with monoclonal antibodies revealed occurrence of two species
      of erythropoietin. The monoclonal antibody will be useful as a probe for the
      purification of erythropoietin and for further studies of the hormone and its
      mechanism of action.

PMID- 6378275
TI  - Defective interleukin 2 production in patients after bone marrow transplantation
      and in vitro restoration of defective T lymphocyte proliferation by highly
      purified interleukin 2.
AB  - Using OKT3 monoclonal antibody as a mitogen, we have studied interleukin 2 (IL2)
      production and proliferation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 23
      patients receiving bone marrow transplants. Twenty patients were recipients of
      allogeneic bone marrow for treatment of hematologic malignancies, aplastic
      anemias (AA), or severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCID). Three patients with
      Hodgkin's disease or neuroblastoma received autologous bone marrow. Endogenous
      IL2 production was not detectable (less than 0.2 U/mL) in PBMC of 18 patients and
      was very low in PBMC from five patients (0.5 to 1.5 U/mL), as compared to normal
      controls (median 3.5 U/mL) or pretransplant patients (median 1.5 U/mL). The low
      IL2 production was associated with defective OKT3-induced proliferation of PBMC
      in 19 of 23 patients studied. In the first 6 months after BMT, 14 of 15 patients
      (93%) showed defective proliferation of PBMC as compared to five of eight
      patients (63%) tested between 7 and 18 months after BMT (P less than .1). In all
      but three patients, addition of highly purified human lymphocyte IL2 (hpIL2)
      restored OKT3-induced proliferation of PBMC to within the normal range. This
      study demonstrates that PBMC in patients after BMT have a defect of IL2
      production but are able to express IL2 receptors in response to OKT3 antibody and
      to proliferate normally upon addition of hpIL2. PBMC of all patients showed
      similar functional defects, whether or not they received additional therapy,
      including various conditioning regimens prior to BMT and immunosuppressive
      therapy after BMT. These observations suggest that T cell defects after BMT are
      most likely secondary to quantitative or qualitative defects of transplanted T
      lymphocytes or their precursors.

PMID- 6378276
TI  - APO therapy for malignant lymphoma of large cell "histiocytic" type of childhood:
      analysis of treatment results for 29 patients.
AB  - Twenty-nine patients with biopsy-proven malignant lymphoma of large-cell
      "histiocytic" type were treated with the APO protocol (vincristine, adriamycin,
      and prednisone). Treatment consisted of two years of therapy with a modified
      adriamycin-containing acute lymphoblastic leukemia regimen with preventive
      cranial irradiation and regional radiotherapy (for patients with clinically
      localized lymphoma). The median age was 13 years (range, two to 20 years).
      Thirteen patients had localized disease (stage I, II), and 16 had disseminated
      disease (stage III, IV). The median follow-up is four years (range, seven months
      to nine years), and Kaplan-Meier estimates of overall and relapse-free survival
      are 83% and 76%, respectively. No recurrences have been observed in primary or
      bulk sites of lymphoma in the group of children treated with chemotherapy only.
      We conclude that the APO protocol, which was modeled after an acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia regimen, combined with regional radiotherapy can produce long-term
      remissions for children with malignant lymphoma of large cell "histiocytic" type.

PMID- 6378277
TI  - Acute leukemia with megakaryocytic differentiation: a study of 12 cases
      identified immunocytochemically.
AB  - Acute leukemia with megakaryocytic differentiation has been an uncommonly
      recognized disorder. We used specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibody reagents
      (HP1-1D antibody and anti-factor VIII antibody, respectively) and an
      immunocytochemical staining technique to identify the megakaryocytic nature of
      the leukemic cells of 12 patients who presented with acute leukemia. The leukemic
      cells of our patients demonstrated the presence of one or both of these platelet-
      and megakaryocyte-related antigens, but were negative for all of the commonly
      employed cytochemical and immunocytochemical staining reactions, except for
      diffuse acid phosphatase activity and granular PAS positivity. Morphologically,
      the leukemic cells varied in size from 10 to 40 microns in diameter, frequently
      had cytoplasmic budding, and contained occasional vacuoles and/or peroxidase
      negative azurophilic granules. Five patients presented with syndromes of acute
      myelofibrosis, and seven patients had otherwise unclassifiable acute leukemias,
      including three patients who had secondary leukemias. Diffuse reticulin
      myelofibrosis was present in all cases in which it was sought. Chromosomal
      abnormalities of leukemic cells were found in five cases. Two patients had
      deficiencies of plasma coagulation factor V. Study of one patient revealed
      significant platelet dysfunction. When cytoreductive chemotherapy of leukemia was
      attempted, the observed response was generally poor, with the exceptions of one
      patient who has remained in complete remission following treatment with etoposide
      (VP-16) and a second patient who attained remission following bone marrow
      transplantation. These cases of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia represented from
      3.6% to 9.3% of all acute leukemia cases diagnosed concomitantly in our
      institution. Acute leukemia with megakaryocytic differentiation may occur more
      frequently than previously recognized, may present with differing syndromic
      features, and can be identified by the use of specific antibody reagents and
      relatively simple immunocytochemical techniques.

PMID- 6378278
TI  - Hematopoietic regulatory factors produced in long-term murine bone marrow
      cultures and the effect of in vitro irradiation.
AB  - The nature of hematopoietic regulatory factors elaborated by the adherent
      (stromal) cells of long-term murine bone marrow cultures and the effect of in
      vitro stromal irradiation (XRT) on the production of these factors was
      investigated. Using an in situ stromal assay employing a double layer of
      semisolid agar, it was possible to demonstrate stromal elaboration of at least
      two colony-stimulating activities, ie, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating
      activity (G/M-CSA) and megakaryocyte colony-stimulating activity (Meg-CSA).
      Exposure of the stroma to XRT resulted in dose-dependent elevations of both
      activities that correlated inversely with total myeloid cell mass as determined
      by concurrent reductions in total supernatant cell recoveries from irradiated
      cultures. Mixture experiments that combined control and irradiated stroma
      revealed that the hematopoietically active control stroma could block detection
      of XRT-related G/M-CSA elevations. These data implicate a local negative feedback
      mechanism in the regulation of hematopoiesis. Antiserum directed against purified
      L cell colony-stimulating factor (CSF) reduced granulocyte/macrophage colony
      formation in the target layer but did not effect the increased Meg-CSA. While a
      radioimmunoassay for L-cell type CSF was unable to detect significant differences
      in concentrated media from control and irradiated cultures, bioassays of these
      media revealed XRT-related G/M-CSA elevations. These results indicate that the
      G/M-CSA elaborated in these cultures is immunologically distinct from the Meg-CSA
      produced, and although distinct from L cell CSF, the G/M-CSA is crossreactive
      with the L cell CSF antiserum. Morphologic, histochemical, and factor VII antigen
      immunofluorescent studies were performed on the stromal cell population
      responsible for production of these stimulatory activities. In addition to "fat"
      cells, the stromal cells remaining after XRT were composed of two predominant
      cell populations. These included a major population of acid phosphatase and
      nonspecific esterase-positive macrophage-like cells and a minor population of
      factor VII antigen negative epithelioid cells.

PMID- 6378279
TI  - Phenotype study of fresh and cultured hairy cells with the use of immunologic
      markers and electron microscopy.
AB  - The phenotype of fresh and cultured leukemic cells from patients with hairy cell
      leukemia was studied using a panel of monoclonal antibodies in addition to the
      detection of peroxidase activity under electron microscopy. In fresh samples, the
      leukemic cells from 11 patients displayed predominantly a B phenotype, as judged
      by their reactivity with the B1 monoclonal antibody and surface immunoglobulin
      expression. Ultrastructural peroxidase activity, characteristic of hairy cells,
      was observed in all cases studied. When hairy cells were cultured in the presence
      of phytohemagglutinin and irradiated T cells, their phenotype converted from
      surface Ig+, B1+, OKT3-, OKT11- to surface Ig-, B1+, OKT3-, OKT11+. In contrast,
      the peroxidase activity remained unchanged. Some hairy cells were also OKM1+, but
      no conclusion could be made about the MO2 antigen, a more specific marker of
      monocytes. The variability of the phenotype in vivo and in vitro indicates that
      reliable markers are required for identifying hairy cells. When studied together,
      the staining by B1 monoclonal antibody and the ultrastructural detection of
      peroxidase, enable the identification of hairy cells with certainty.

PMID- 6378280
TI  - The treatment of neonatal isoimmune thrombocytopenia with intravenous
      immunoglobin (IgG i.v.).
AB  - We present a report of the use of IgG i.v. to treat clinically manifest neonatal
      immune thrombocytopenia. The IgG i.v. was administered at a daily dosage of 0.4
      g/kg body weight for 5 days. Treatment was started when the child was 3 days old
      and had a platelet count of 2 X 10(9)/l. Four days later the platelet count had
      risen to 200 X 10(9)/l. The diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenia was confirmed by
      platelet typing of the mother's and child's platelets and identification of anti
      platelet antibodies in maternal serum.

PMID- 6378282
TI  - An assessment of current achievements in the systemic management of breast
      cancer.
AB  - Over the past twenty years, breast cancer has come to be much more commonly
      regarded and treated as a systemic disease. Conventional chemotherapy and
      endocrine therapy used according to schedules that are tolerable to patients are
      generally effective and often induce worthwhile responses; nevertheless, the
      responses in general have a median duration of less than a year, and these
      therapies are rarely if ever curative. Continued efforts to use available agents
      with mere modifications of schedule and intensity seem unlikely to substantially
      improve upon the modest success already achieved. Rather, we desperately need
      radically new schedules, new agents (especially non-myelosuppressive agents), and
      new approaches (e.g. monoclonal antibody targeting of drugs, toxins, or
      radionuclides, perhaps combined with tumor sensitizing agents such as heat). It
      is our hope that consideration of some of these issues will encourage others to
      be bolder in devising the next generation of clinical trials.

PMID- 6378281
TI  - In vitro evidence of drug action in aplastic anemia.

PMID- 6378284
TI  - [Respiratory permeability studies by clearance of an aerosol solute and
      bronchoalveolar lavage in interstitial pneumopathies].
AB  - Two methods of assessing the permeability of the respiratory epithelium have been
      compared: the ratio of serum albumin concentration to bronchoalveolar albumin
      (BA/S Alb) and the clearance of the aerosolized 99mTc-diethylene-triamine-penta
      acetic acid (Tc-DTPA). The study population consisted of a control group of 21
      normal subjects (group C1) in whom BA/S Alb was determined, a control group of 26
      normal subjects (group C2) in whom the clearance of Tc-DTPA was measured and a
      group of 27 patients with interstitial lung disease including 20 with sarcoidosis
      (group PI) in whom both BA/S Alb and the clearance of Tc-DTPA were measured. BA/S
      Alb was higher in group PI (3.55 +/- 2.44 mg X g-1) than in group C1 (0.67 +/-
      0.31 mg X g-1; p less than 0.001). The clearance of Tc-DTPA was higher in group
      PI (3.64 +/- 4.05% X min-1) than in group C2 (1.18 +/- 0.31% X min-1; p less than
      0.01). BA/S Alb value exceeded the normal value of 1.33 mg X g-1 in 23 of the 27
      patients, but the clearance of Tc-DTPA exceeded the normal value of 1.82% X min-1
      in 15 of the 27 patients (X2 = 6.4; p less than 0.02). No correlation has been
      observed between BA/S Alb and the clearance of Tc-DTPA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6378283
TI  - Practical breast carcinoma cell kinetics: review and update.
AB  - The S-phase fraction (SP) measured by flow cytometry of DNA and the thymidine
      labeling index (TLI) measured autoradiographically indicate the proportion of
      carcinoma cells currently synthesizing DNA and reflect the rate of proliferation.
      The TLI and SPF are lognormally distributed. The median TLI performed to maximize
      precursor uptake is near 5% (5 labeled carcinoma cells per 100) the mean near 7%,
      and the range from less than 1% to near 40%. Corresponding values for the SPF
      measured by DNA flow cytometry are slightly higher when appropriate measures are
      taken to reduce background debris counts and other artefacts. Residual elevation
      of SPF above TLI may result from S-phase arrested cells. Flow cytometric
      histograms show that clearly aneuploid cell lines exist in 50-80% of primary
      breast carcinomas. Aneuploid breast carcinomas have higher mean TLI than diploid
      breast carcinomas, and therefore proliferate more rapidly. They also more
      frequently lack estrogen receptor (ER). Carcinomas with minimal nuclear
      anaplasia, particularly those of tubular, mucinous, infiltrating lobular and
      adenocystic types have low TLI and SPF, whereas carcinomas with highly anaplastic
      nuclei, including medullary carcinomas, have high TLI and SPF. TLI and SPF
      correlate inversely with ER and PgR content, have no relationship to axillary
      lymph nodal status, and have a weak positive correlation with tumor size and a
      weak negative correlation with age. High TLI predicts a high risk of early
      relapse after primary therapy for both node-negative and node-positive
      carcinomas. Carcinomas that produce brain metastases have particularly high TLI.
      Current evidence suggests that high SPF and aneuploidy may prove to have
      prognostic significance like TLI.

PMID- 6378285
TI  - Socioeconomic resources in medicine: review of the literature.
AB  - In this era of intense competition in medicine, it is essential for health
      sciences librarians to keep abreast of the new and varied socioeconomic
      influences in the medical environment. A list of socioeconomic resources is
      provided to help meet this objective. A citation analysis of the Socioeconomic
      Bibliographic Information (SIB) database was used as a selection criterion. An
      annotated list of ninety journals, newspapers, and newsletters is included, which
      provides title of publication, publisher, cost, index information, and special
      characteristics. In addition, publishers and associations that provide
      socioeconomic information are listed, and an annotated list of standard
      statistical resource books is given.

PMID- 6378286
TI  - Subject expertise among MEDLINE searchers: results of a survey and analysis of
      job openings.
AB  - To determine the current demand for subject expertise among MEDLINE searchers,
      position announcements in the MLA News from January, 1981 to September, 1982 were
      examined. Of 125 reference/search analyst positions listed, 63 (50%) required or
      preferred a health sciences or related subject background. To ascertain how well
      the current medical library search analyst workforce meets these requirements of
      expertise 111 MEDLINE searchers were surveyed. Participants were queried as to
      the type of institution in which they were currently employed, searching
      experience, searching workload, educational background, and value placed on
      subject expertise in online searching. Differences were noted among the responses
      of hospital, academic health sciences, and corporate MEDLINE searchers.

PMID- 6378287
TI  - A review of psychiatric literature for residency training programs, 1980s.
AB  - The authors obtained cumulated reading lists from sixteen nationally-recognized
      psychiatric residency programs to assess the common body of knowledge shared by
      recent psychiatry graduates and learn which works in psychiatry had survived from
      an earlier compilation in 1964 (Woods, Pieper, and Frazier, "Basic Psychiatric
      Literature" [2]. The new list was compiled by consensus, with the working
      assumptions that books of importance would appear on the list of more than one
      program and that a book or article's relative usefulness was related to the
      number of appearances on different residency lists. An updated list for the 1980s
      is provided from the survey and is compared to the 1964 list compiled from a
      survey of experts in the field of psychiatry.

PMID- 6378288
TI  - [Eulogy of Professor S. Lapiere, honorary member and ex-president].

PMID- 6378289
TI  - Epidemiological studies on obesity in a Japanese rural district: the metabolic
      aspects of adult obesity comparing with child obesity.

PMID- 6378290
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis. Chorionic villus biopsy.
AB  - Of all the methods of prenatal diagnosis the implications of chorionic villus
      biopsy are the most far-reaching and potentially controversial. DNA analysis of
      the fetus is now possible at the end of the first trimester and it can only be a
      matter of time before our knowledge of genetic disease markers makes the perfect
      race a feasibility.

PMID- 6378291
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis. Ultrasound.
AB  - Using ultrasound it is possible to diagnose most congenital abnormalities in the
      fetus prenatally. In many cases, the early detection of severe abnormalities
      leads to the termination of the pregnancy but, in any event, knowledge of a
      defect is vital for the management of the pregnancy.

PMID- 6378292
TI  - Predicting recovery after acute stroke.
AB  - Patients, relatives, and doctors need to know the prognosis after acute stroke.
      In recent years, more scientific methods of predicting the level of recovery have
      become available.

PMID- 6378293
TI  - Venereophobia.
AB  - Some patients refuse to accept that they do not have a sexually transmitted
      disease despite vigorous reassurances. Why do they behave in this fashion and how
      can they be recognized?

PMID- 6378294
TI  - How to do a laparotomy.
AB  - As a result of modern investigative techniques surgeons now have fewer "blind
      dates with the abdomen". Nevertheless, the correct performance of a laparotomy
      remains an important diagnostic tool.

PMID- 6378295
TI  - Sickle cell disease.
AB  - The sickle cell gene is present in about 10 per cent of the British black
      population. Thus, the diagnosis and management of all the complications of sickle
      cell disease are of increasing importance.

PMID- 6378296
TI  - Clinical aspects of hyperlipidaemia.
AB  - Disagreement about the epidemiological aspects of hyperlipidaemia has meant that
      many onlookers have become disenchanted with its clinical importance. This is
      unfortunate because new insights into the metabolism of the hyperlipidaemias have
      established clearer indications for treatment.

PMID- 6378297
TI  - Intra-oral split-skin grafting: an unreported complication--submandibular gland
      obstruction.
AB  - Two case reports are presented illustrating previously undescribed submandibular
      gland obstruction after intra-oral quilted split-skin grafting. Resultant
      problems in diagnosis and management are discussed.

PMID- 6378298
TI  - Surgical reconstruction of the sequelae of penile and scrotal gangrene: a plea
      for simplicity.
AB  - Gangrene of the scrotum with or without involvement of the penile skin and
      occasionally beyond these limits, is not an uncommon problem in some parts of the
      world. Various workers have used different techniques to provide skin cover
      including transplantation of testes, free skin grafts, axial groin flaps and
      myocutaneous flaps. This study brings out our experience with the treatment of 43
      cases in the last 11 years. In three cases the gangrene had spread beyond the
      scrotum and penis and cover had to be supplemented with split-skin grafts. In all
      the other cases, cover was provided with scrotal skin remnants at the edge of the
      lesion and on the penis with the inner layer of the prepuce, which had remained
      intact.

PMID- 6378299
TI  - Secondary malignant melanoma arising in a contralateral thigh donor site.
AB  - A case is reported in which a malignant melanoma appeared in a split-skin graft
      donor site on the contralateral thigh despite the fact that there had been an
      interval of 1 week between the excision of the primary tumour and the harvesting
      of the split-skin graft.

PMID- 6378300
TI  - Composite osteo-cutaneous groin flap for the reconstruction of wrist and forearm
      defects.
AB  - Two patients with severe traumatic soft tissue and bone loss at the wrist and
      involving the ulnar compartment of the forearm have been successfully treated
      with a compound osteo-cutaneous groin flap. The bone scans of the iliac bone
      graft showed good vascularity 8 weeks after the operation.

PMID- 6378301
TI  - Joseph: the father of plastic surgery. The first Joseph lecture, April 1983.

PMID- 6378302
TI  - Hypnosis.

PMID- 6378303
TI  - Psychophysiological changes during pharmacological treatment of patients with
      obsessive compulsive disorder.
AB  - Twelve patients with obsessive compulsive disorder were studied with
      psychophysiological measures during a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled
      drug trial. Significant clinical improvement followed six weeks of treatment with
      the tricyclic antidepressant clomipramine, but was not evident after an equal
      period of treatment with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) clorgyline.
      Compared to placebo, both drugs reduced skin conductance indices of baseline
      arousal, but only clomipramine reduced skin conductance and heart rate responses
      to loud tones and tonic and phasic skin conductance responses in a two-flash
      discrimination task. This suggests that reductions in autonomic responses to
      important and/or aversive stimuli may be critical to clinical improvement in
      obsessive compulsive disorder.

PMID- 6378304
TI  - The British rheumatological journals.

PMID- 6378305
TI  - A radiometric assessment of phagocytosis and intracellular killing by blood
      polymorphonuclear leucocytes in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Disagreement persists about the phagocytic function of blood polymorphonuclear
      leucocytes (PMN) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Many of the experimental data have
      been generated by subjective methods of assessment. Using a radiometric assay, we
      found no difference in the phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Candida
      albicans by blood PMN from 18 patients with RA when compared with PMN from 21
      healthy control subjects. We infer that the increased incidence of non-articular
      infection reported in RA is not related to impaired phagocytic function of blood
      PMN.

PMID- 6378306
TI  - The use of sequential analysis to assess patient preference for local skin
      anaesthesia during knee aspiration.
AB  - Twenty-seven patients requiring bilateral knee aspiration showed no overall
      preference for or against the use of subcutaneous lignocaine during knee
      aspiration. The trial result attained a predefined level of significance (beta =
      0.1; theta = 0.72) with fewest possible patients (27), using sequential analysis.

PMID- 6378308
TI  - The rationale for preservation of the anal sphincter in patients with low rectal
      cancer.

PMID- 6378307
TI  - Fenclofenac and diclofenac in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - A six-month single-blind, randomized parallel group study comparing the effects
      of fenclofenac and diclofenac in 63 patients with rheumatoid arthritis is
      described. Both treatments produced improvements in clinical measurements, with a
      significant between-treatment effect in favour of fenclofenac for overall pain,
      night pain and duration of morning stiffness. Both treatments produced a decrease
      in IgM and the fenclofenac group produced decreases in plasma viscosity and ESR,
      the latter showing a significant between-treatment effect in favour of
      fenclofenac. No clinically significant changes in routine haematology and
      biochemistry were noted. Unwanted effects leading to withdrawal of therapy were
      reported by five patients in the fenclofenac group and three patients in the
      diclofenac group. Two patients in the fenclofenac group and one in the diclofenac
      group were withdrawn for reasons unrelated to therapy. In the diclofenac group
      two and four patients were withdrawn for clinical deterioration and inadequate
      effect respectively.

PMID- 6378309
TI  - Prospective controlled vagotomy trial for duodenal ulcer: results after five
      years.
AB  - A prospective, randomized, controlled trial was performed to study truncal
      vagotomy and drainage (TV), selective vagotomy and drainage (SV) and parietal
      cell vagotomy (PCV) as elective treatment for duodenal ulcer. Five years
      postoperatively, 233 patients were available for study: 73 TV, 81 SV and 79 PCV.
      The ulcer recurrence rates were 13.6, 19.8 and 30.4 per cent respectively. The
      incidence of severe dumping was 4.9, 10.9 and 1.9 per cent; of severe diarrhoea
      4.9, 6.3 and 1.9 per cent; of severe pain/dyspepsia 3.3, 6.3 and 3.8 per cent and
      of severe nausea/vomiting 0, 1.6 and 0 per cent respectively. Women suffered more
      postvagotomy symptoms than men. After treatment of recurrences and postvagotomy
      symptoms, more patients after PCV achieved excellent results than after TV and
      SV, as recurrences were easier to treat than severe postvagotomy symptoms. The
      only factor found contributing to the high ulcer recurrence following PCV was the
      large number of surgical trainees operating in the trial.

PMID- 6378310
TI  - Embolization for pyloroduodenal bleeding in a kidney transplant patient.

PMID- 6378311
TI  - A historical review of NMR and its clinical applications.

PMID- 6378312
TI  - Safety aspects of NMR clinical imaging.

PMID- 6378313
TI  - Clinical aspects on 31P NMR spectroscopy.

PMID- 6378314
TI  - Metabolic applications of high-resolution 13C nuclear magnetic resonance
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 6378315
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the brain.

PMID- 6378316
TI  - NMR imaging of the brain in children.

PMID- 6378317
TI  - NMR imaging of intracranial and orbital tumours.

PMID- 6378318
TI  - Survival of Candida albicans on fabric after laundering.

PMID- 6378319
TI  - Rediscovery of Leborgne's brain: anatomical description with CT scan.

PMID- 6378320
TI  - Development of 5-hydroxytryptamine-like immunoreactive neurones in cultures of
      the myenteric plexus from the guinea-pig caecum.
AB  - 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-like immunoreactive neurones were studied during the
      development of myenteric plexus explant cultures from the guinea-pig taenia coli
      over a period of 3 weeks in vitro, using immunofluorescence histochemistry.
      Brightly fluorescent 5-HT-like immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies and fibres
      were found in all ages of cultures examined. In mature cultures, where the
      histotypic organization resembles that of the plexus in vivo, the pattern of
      immunoreactivity was strikingly similar to that previously described for in situ
      preparations. These culture preparations may therefore be useful models for the
      study of the development of putative serotonergic neurones. High-performance
      liquid chromatography was used to measure 5-HT levels in fetal calf serum, a
      supplement of the culture medium used in this study. 5-HT levels of 0.48 X 10(-5)
      M to 1.74 X 10(-4) M were found in 4 batches of this serum, indicating that some
      of the immunoreactive neurones observed in the cultures may have selectively
      taken up 5-HT during development in vitro.

PMID- 6378321
TI  - Glial fibrillary acidic protein and S-100 protein in pineal supportive cells: an
      electron microscopic study.
AB  - Pineal supportive cells in a teleost were shown to contain the glial fibrillary
      acidic (GFA) and S-100 proteins by electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. Both
      proteins are known to exhibit a high degree of evolutionary conservation. The
      pineal photoreceptor cells did not stain for these marker proteins. A
      relationship between supportive cells and macroglial elements is therefore
      implied.

PMID- 6378322
TI  - Localization of enkephalin and cholecystokinin immunoreactivities in the
      perforant path terminal fields of the rat hippocampal formation.
AB  - The distribution of enkephalin immunoreactivity (EI) in the molecular layer of
      the hippocampal formation corresponded to the terminal field of the lateral
      perforant path and the lateral temporoammonic tract. The distribution of
      cholecystokinin immunoreactivity (CI) in the molecular layer of the hippocampal
      formation corresponded to the established terminal field of the medial
      temporoammonic tract. The exception was a CI band at the deep part of the
      molecular layer throughout the regio superior. Accordingly, an additional
      terminal field of the medial temporoammonic tract is suggested. Selective lesion
      of the entorhinal afferents to the hippocampus and the area dentata resulted in a
      disappearance of EI throughout the molecular layer with no affection of CI and
      vice versa. Neonatally X-ray irradiated hippocampi were examined as they appear
      in the adult animal. These animals are known to possess an altered relation
      between the granule cells of area dentata and the perforant path zones extending
      beyond a reduced medial blade into the stratum oriens of the regio inferior. In
      such animals EI and CI revealed the same pattern of changes by following the
      perforant path zones into stratum oriens due to neonatal X-ray irradiation.
      Accordingly, the perforant path may contain EI and CI independent of the granule
      cell dendrites. Based on a discussion of these observations we conclude that
      enkephalin immunoreactivity is localized in terminals of the lateral perforant
      path and the lateral temporoammonic tract and that cholecystokinin
      immunoreactivity is localized in the terminals of the medial perforant path and
      the medial temporoammonic tract.

PMID- 6378323
TI  - Cell production and morphological pattern formation in primary brain cell
      cultures. I. Pattern formation within the basal layer(s).
AB  - Spontaneous pattern formation within the basal cellular layer of primary brain
      cell cultures were studied. Basal cells were found to be organized into a limited
      number of morphologically well distinguishable types of cell-arrangements. Phase
      contrast microscopy was used to characterize the different cell-assemblies
      morphologically. Under standard culture conditions the time of appearance and
      specific changes of relative frequency in time were also characteristic of
      different patterns. The distribution of mitotically active cells among the
      different morphological patterns within the basal layer was also investigated by
      recording [3H]thymidine uptake of cells. Reduction of mitotic activities of cells
      in the basal layer was found in the vicinity of overlying cells. In a given area
      of cultures the reduction of mitotic activity was proportional to the number of
      overlying cells. The influence of cell proliferation on the morphological pattern
      formation in primary cultures is discussed.

PMID- 6378324
TI  - Met-enkephalin characterization in the cochlea: high-performance liquid
      chromatography and immunoelectron microscopy.
AB  - The present paper extends and refines previous observations of enkephalin-like
      immunoreactivity in the guinea-pig cochlea. Firstly, Met-enkephalin was
      identified and a quantitative evaluation was made by combining high-performance
      liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a specific radioimmunoassay. Both the antibody
      specificity and the HPLC purification allowed us to demonstrate the co-existence,
      in the cochlea, of at least 3 opioid peptides: Met-enkephalin, Leu-enkephalin and
      Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7. Secondly, a pre-embedding immunoperoxidase technique
      was used on whole or dissected cochleas. Immunoreactivity was localized in
      efferent fibers (coming from the brainstem) in the inner spiral bundle, tunnel
      spiral bundle and intraganglionic spiral bundle. In the inner spiral bundle
      vesiculated Met-enkephalin-immunoreactive fibers could be seen synapsing with
      afferent auditory dendrites. It is hypothesized that these Met-enkephalin
      immunoreactive fibers (belonging to the lateral efferent system) could be
      responsible for an inhibitory effect upon the gross cochlear action potential.

PMID- 6378325
TI  - Trial of a laminar air-flow enclosure for the control of infection in a burns
      operating theatre.
AB  - A series of 22 patients with full-skin thickness burns had skin grafting
      operations in a Piekenrood-Vinitex BV open-topped laminar air-flow enclosure, and
      a parallel control series of 18 patients were grafted in the same operating room
      without the use of the laminar flow unit; the operating room in which both series
      of operations were performed had standard plenum ventilation with 20 air changes
      per hour. None of the patients acquired on their burns Staph. aureus of phage
      types and antibiotic sensitivity patterns corresponding with those isolated from
      carriers who were in the theatre at the time of the operation; 16 patients
      acquired on their burns strains of types corresponding with those of strains
      isolated from burns of other patients in the ward. Settle plates exposed during
      operations showed a relatively small reduction in bacterial counts associated
      with the use of the laminar flow enclosure.

PMID- 6378326
TI  - The Qatari method for treatment of burns: a review of 1500 cases.

PMID- 6378327
TI  - Canadian Anaesthetists' Society Medal.

PMID- 6378328
TI  - A review of high-frequency oscillation.

PMID- 6378329
TI  - Anaesthesia for patients with chronic renal disease.

PMID- 6378331
TI  - In reply to Mr. Dunn: British Columbia's Medical Services Act.

PMID- 6378330
TI  - Health act will restrict freedom of choice.

PMID- 6378332
TI  - Problems with report on periodontics.

PMID- 6378333
TI  - Computers and the dentist.

PMID- 6378335
TI  - The Foreign Legion?

PMID- 6378334
TI  - Computerized dentistry is painless?

PMID- 6378336
TI  - Possibilities for treating periodontal disease as specific anaerobic infections.

PMID- 6378337
TI  - Splinting of mobile teeth using light cured composite resin: a clinical
      evaluation of reinforced and non-reinforced splints.

PMID- 6378338
TI  - Clinical evaluation of composite resin and amalgam posterior restorations: three
      year results.

PMID- 6378339
TI  - Marginal leakage of dental amalgams: effect of cavity varnish and burnishing.

PMID- 6378340
TI  - [Prevalence and development of possible risk factors for dental caries].

PMID- 6378341
TI  - Multicentre comparative clinical evaluation of daily care solutions for rigid gas
      permeable contact lenses.
AB  - Results of a multicentre, controlled, comparative study of two daily care
      regimens for rigid gas-permeable contact lenses are described. Whereas both
      regimens were generally effective and safe for the 69 patients wearing the Boston
      Lens, the Barnes-Hind regimen showed clinically and statistically significant
      advantages over the Boston Lens regimen: the proportions of patients in the
      Barnes-Hind group with corneal staining or palpebral conjunctival injection were
      reduced during the study and were lower on several occasions than the proportions
      of the Boston group.

PMID- 6378342
TI  - Lack of effect of thyroid hormone on diabetic rat heart function and
      biochemistry.
AB  - Cardiac functional abnormalities are frequently seen in diabetics and diabetes is
      also known to produce a state of mild hypothyroidism. To study the degree of
      involvement of diabetes-induced hypothyroidism on altered myocardial function,
      thyroid replacement therapy was carried out in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.
      Triiodothyronine (T3) treatment was initiated 3 days after the rats were made
      diabetic and was carried out for 6 weeks thereafter. Isolated perfused hearts
      from diabetic rats exhibited a depression in left ventricular developed pressure
      and positive and negative dP/dt at higher filling pressures as compared with
      controls. The depression could not be prevented by thyroid treatment. Calcium
      uptake activity in the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was also depressed as
      a result of diabetes and this depression also was not prevented by thyroid
      treatment. Long chain acyl carnitine levels were found to be elevated in diabetic
      cardiac SR and could not be lowered by T3 treatment. The results indicate that
      the myocardial dysfunction observed in diabetic rats is due to factors other than
      the induced hypothyroidism.

PMID- 6378343
TI  - Subacute endotoxemia in dogs with experimental cirrhosis and ascites: effects on
      kidney function.
AB  - To study the effect of low-grade continuous endotoxemia in normal and cirrhotic
      dogs, osmotic minipumps were filled with Escherichia coli endotoxin, implanted
      subcutaneously and arranged so that the endotoxin could be infused intravenously
      over a 7-day period in doses ranging from 2.5 to 100 micrograms/h. Observations
      were made at 3 and 7 days postinfusion. In normal dogs (N = 9), there was no
      effect on cardiac output or arterial pressure when doses as high as 50
      micrograms/h were delivered into the circulation. Neither was there an effect on
      inulin or p-aminohippurate (PAH) clearances. At doses of 100 micrograms/h, dogs
      suffered a marked decrement in cardiac output, blood pressure, and renal
      perfusion and became lethargic at 3-7 days. In cirrhotic dogs, doses of 25
      micrograms/h which had no effect in the control dogs, caused a significant
      decline in the glomerular filtration rate (59-21.5 mL/min) and CPAH (147-66
      mL/min) at a time when cardiac output and blood pressure remained normal. At
      doses of 50 micrograms/h, cardiac output and blood pressure declined markedly and
      the dogs deteriorated quickly following 3-5 days of endotoxin. When endotoxin (25
      micrograms/h) was given to dogs with acute biliary obstruction (serum bilirubin =
      9.8 +/- 0.1 mg/dL) or to dogs with chronic thoracic caval constriction (which
      produced portal hypertension and ascites), no effect was observed on either
      central hemodynamics or renal perfusion. The selective renal vasoconstrictor
      effect observed in cirrhotic dogs could not be abolished by intravenous
      phentolamine or propranolol, inhibitors of alpha- and beta-adrenergic activity,
      respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6378344
TI  - Electrophysiological actions of histamine.
AB  - This paper reviews data which illustrate that histamine has prominent actions on
      the electrophysiology of mammalian central neurons. Extracellular recordings
      reveal that this amine can either excite or depress neuronal activity in
      different regions of the brain. The excitations are associated with activation of
      H1 histamine receptors, whereas depressions are associated with occupancy of H2
      receptors. Intracellular experiments have revealed multiple actions of histamine
      on membrane potential and conductance as well as on amplitude and frequency of
      postsynaptic potentials. In addition, we present preliminary data from rat
      cerebral cortex and hippocampal slices which suggest a modulatory role for
      histamine on gamma-aminobutyric acid mediated neurotransmission in the areas of
      the brain.

PMID- 6378345
TI  - Evaluation of a pour-plate system with a rabbit plasma-bovine fibrinogen agar for
      the enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus in food.
AB  - Investigations were carried out concerning the selectivity and productivity of
      rabbit plasma fibrinogen (RPF) agar according to Beckers et al. (H. J. Beckers,
      F. M. van Leusden, W. M. Hogeboom, and E. H. M. Delfgou-van Asch. 1980. De
      Ware(n)-Chemicus, 10: 125-130). Its selectivity was compared with pork plasma
      fibrinogen (PPF) medium according to Hauschild et al. (A. H. W. Hauschild, C. E.
      Park, and R. Hilsheimer. 1979. Can. J. Microbiol. 25: 1052-1057) and its
      productivity was compared with PPF medium and Baird-Parker's egg yolk tellurite
      glycine pyruvate (ETGP) agar. In total 139 samples of naturally contaminated
      foodstuffs were examined. RPF agar scored higher than ETGP agar; although only
      small (mean value of differences 0.09 log units), the differences were
      statistically significant. While no significant differences in sensitivity
      between RPF agar and PPF medium were encountered, RPF agar was statistically more
      selective than PPF medium. It is concluded that RPF agar is very suitable for the
      enumeration of Staphyloccus aureus in foods.

PMID- 6378346
TI  - Blunt splenic trauma: diagnosis and management.
AB  - To examine the morbidity and mortality associated with blunt splenic injuries,
      the authors reviewed the results in 106 such patients treated in the Sunnybrook
      Regional Trauma Unit between June 1, 1976 and June 30, 1983. Initial assessment
      included peritoneal lavage in 86 patients. No patient with known or suspected
      splenic injury was treated nonoperatively nor were any patients found to have had
      splenic injuries missed at the initial assessment. Seventy-one splenectomies and
      35 splenorrhaphies were performed. The overall mortality was 25% and 10 surviving
      patients had serious complications. The splenic injury itself was never the cause
      of death. Only one patient who initially underwent splenorrhaphy later required
      splenectomy. It is concluded that blunt splenic injury is rarely the cause of
      death or serious morbidity when a policy of immediate diagnosis and operative
      treatment is carried out. Furthermore, in selected patients, splenorrhaphy is a
      safe and effective treatment.

PMID- 6378347
TI  - Medical education in Canada.

PMID- 6378348
TI  - Silver nitrate prophylaxis.
AB  - In many countries the statutory use of silver nitrate prophylaxis as soon as
      possible after birth has recently been reviewed from both a human rights and a
      medical standpoint. It has been argued that silver nitrate does not prevent all
      cases of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum (GON) and that it causes chemical
      conjunctivitis, pain and visual impairment, which may interfere with parent
      infant bonding. Furthermore, the low incidence of GON, better methods of prenatal
      diagnosis, and the availability of suitable alternative prophylactic medication
      and of effective methods of treatment of GON have prompted recommendations that
      alternative prophylaxis be legally allowed or that mandatory prophylaxis be
      eliminated altogether. This paper reviews the situation and provides updated
      recommendations.

PMID- 6378349
TI  - How safe is diagnostic ultrasonography?
AB  - Health care workers and patients alike are concerned about the safety of
      diagnostic ultrasonography in clinical practice. Evidence published to date on
      the immediate and possible long-term biologic effects of exposure to ultrasound
      in diagnostic procedures is reviewed in this paper. No harmful effect in the
      human fetus, child or adult following the diagnostic use of pulsed ultrasound has
      been reported. However, the question of long-term biologic effects cannot yet be
      answered. Continued vigilance and further research are required.

PMID- 6378351
TI  - Nova Scotia's pioneers in radiology.

PMID- 6378350
TI  - Invasive aspergillosis in a "healthy" patient.
AB  - A case of invasive aspergillosis complicated by the formation of an aspergilloma
      is described. The patient, a 48-year-old man, was apparently healthy except for
      mild alcoholic steatosis of the liver. A review of the literature revealed that 5
      of the 14 previously reported cases of invasive aspergillosis in seemingly
      immunocompetent hosts were associated with liver disease. Immunologic
      investigation in this case revealed transient cutaneous anergy during the acute
      illness and normal lymphocyte function. Assessment of polymorphonuclear leukocyte
      function, however, showed abnormalities of phagocytosis as well as impairment of
      intracellular bactericidal activity. These abnormalities may have contributed to
      a relative immunodeficiency. Impairment of immune function may play a role in the
      pathogenesis of invasive aspergillosis in some apparently healthy patients.

PMID- 6378352
TI  - Bronchial carcinoid cells contain neural-type intermediate filaments.
AB  - Monospecific antibodies and indirect immunofluorescent microscopic examination,
      combined with immunochemical analysis, were used to examine intermediate
      filaments in four cases of bronchial carcinoid tumors. The results show that
      carcinoid cells express intermediate filaments of neural type (neurofilaments)
      but are negative for intermediate filaments of mesenchymal type (vimentin),
      epithelial type (keratin), muscle type (desmin), and glial type (glial fibrillary
      acidic protein). Since the expression of intermediate filaments shows a high
      degree of tissue specificity, the results suggest either derivation of bronchial
      carcinoid cells from maternal cells displaying neural characteristics or from
      cells with the capacity to acquire neural properties on neoplastic growth. It is
      also suggested that antineurofilament antibodies can be used as a useful aid in
      differential diagnosis of bronchial carcinoids from other pulmonary tumors.

PMID- 6378353
TI  - Relationship of tissue carcinoembryonic antigen and calcitonin to tumor virulence
      in medullary thyroid carcinoma. An immunohistochemical study in early, localized,
      and virulent disseminated stages of disease.
AB  - The distribution of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and its relationship to
      calcitonin in early, localized, and disseminated (virulent) medullary thyroid
      carcinoma (MTC) have been studied using immunoperoxidase methods.
      Carcinoembryonic antigen can be demonstrated within C-cells through all stages of
      progression of MTC. In early disease (C-cell hyperplasia and microscopic
      carcinoma), CEA, and calcitonin have a similar distribution, being present in
      virtually every cell. Likewise, calcitonin and CEA have a similar, homogeneous
      distribution among cells in gross medullary carcinoma confined to the thyroid
      region. In both primary and metastatic tumors from patients with virulent,
      disseminated disease there is an inverse relationship between calcitonin and CEA
      distribution such that CEA expression is retained and frequently present in the
      greatest amounts in cells which have poor or absent staining for calcitonin, and
      present in the least amounts where cellular staining for calcitonin is greatest.
      It is postulated that in MTC expression of CEA (a marker for early epithelial
      differentiation), in the face of loss of calcitonin (a marker for terminal
      differentiation/cellular maturity), may reflect a degree of maturation block in
      tumors from patients with aggressive disease.

PMID- 6378354
TI  - Adjuvant immunotherapy of primary resected lung cancer with transfer factor.
AB  - One hundred seventy-one patients were studied in order to evaluate the clinical
      efficacy of the transfer factor (TF) for primary resected lung cancers under a
      randomized controlled trial. Eligible cases for evaluation were randomly chosen
      at 75 and 74 patients in TF and control groups, respectively. The same long-term
      intermittent adjuvant chemotherapy was administered to two groups as a standard
      therapy. The distribution of clinical features in both groups was very similar.
      The overall survival rates of the TF group at 2 and 4 years postoperatively were
      69% and 53%, respectively, which was about 15% better than the control group, but
      this difference could not yet be considered statistically significant. The
      survival of the TF group was significantly better than that of the control group
      in patients with Stages I + II or curative resection (P less than 0.05 by Cox
      Mantel test); however, there was no significant difference in patients with
      Stages III + IV, or noncurative resection. The recurrence rate of pulmonary and
      mediastinal regions was less in the TF group. In conclusion, TF seems to suppress
      postoperative recurrence and appears to be beneficial for primary resected lung
      cancer patients, especially at early stages, as postoperative adjuvant
      immunotherapy.

PMID- 6378355
TI  - A controlled trial of prophylactic granulocyte transfusions during induction
      chemotherapy for acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - Thirty-five noninfected patients undergoing induction chemotherapy for acute
      nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) were randomized to either receive (19 patients)
      or not receive (16 control patients) prophylactic granulocyte transfusions (PGT)
      when their granulocyte count fell below 0.5 X 10(9)/1. Both groups received
      identical anti-infectious and supportive care except for granulocyte
      transfusions. The authors found a nonstatistically significant decrease of the
      infection rate in the prophylactic group. However, the bacteriologically
      documented infections and septicemia incidence was significantly higher in the
      control than in the prophylactic group (P less than 0.05). In the control group
      they observed in 8 of 16 cases life-threatening infections in contrast with only
      1 case in the prophylactic group (P less than 0.01). A significant reduction of
      deaths due to infectious causes in the prophylactic versus control group were
      also found (P less than 0.05). The authors did not find an increase of pneumonia
      or pulmonary infiltrates in the patients belonging to prophylactic in comparison
      to control group.

PMID- 6378356
TI  - Experience with flutamide in patients with advanced prostatic cancer without
      prior endocrine therapy.
AB  - Seventy-two patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma without previous endocrine
      therapy were treated with an oral nonsteroidal antiandrogen, flutamide. Sixty
      three patients (87.5%) had a favorable response, and 9 patients showed no
      response. Flutamide appears to be a safe antiandrogen, usually effective in the
      management of patients with advanced prostatic cancer who have had no prior
      endocrine therapy.

PMID- 6378357
TI  - Intravesical doxorubicin for the prophylaxis of superficial bladder tumors. A
      multicenter study. Blinst Italian Cooperative Group.
AB  - A multicenter trial was carried out with patients with superficial Ta-T1 bladder
      tumors in 37 urology centers throughout Italy. After transurethral resection
      (TUR) patients were given intravesical doxorubicin instillations at the mean dose
      of 50 mg per instillation diluted in 50 ml of distilled water or physiologic
      saline. Chemoprophylaxis was performed at weekly intervals for the first 4 weeks
      and then monthly. Cystoscopies were taken every 3 months during the first year,
      every 4 months during the second year, and every 6 months thereafter. A total of
      435 patients, with a median follow-up time of 436 days, were considered eligible
      for the evaluation of activity. The lowest recurrence rate and the longest
      disease-free interval was observed in the group of patients with primary or
      single tumor. Treatment was well tolerated; 119 patients (22.7%) complained of
      local adverse reactions, and 10 (1.9%) of systemic adverse reactions. In 34 of
      the patients (6.5%) treatment had to be discontinued.

PMID- 6378358
TI  - Enteric-type adenocarcinoma of the nasal cavity. An electron microscopic and
      immunocytochemical study.
AB  - A primary adenocarcinoma of the nasal cavity with light microscopic, electron
      microscopic, and immunocytochemical features of an enteric-type carcinoma is
      presented. The carcinoma contained a variety of dense-core granules similar to
      those seen in enterochromaffin cells of different functional types. Some granules
      demonstrated an immunoreactivity with serotonin, cholecystokinin, gastrin,
      somatostatin and leu-enkephalin antibodies. It is suggested that the endocrine
      cells in the neoplasm belong to the non-neuroectodermal paraneurone system.

PMID- 6378359
TI  - Prognostic significance of the number of involved areas in the early stages of
      Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - An analysis of 1059 patients with clinical stage (CS) I and II Hodgkin's disease
      was undertaken to determine the prognostic significance of the number of involved
      sites. In this group of patients the number of involved lymph node areas was
      highly correlated with the probability of dissemination of occult disease. In the
      subgroup of patients with involvement of two lymph node sites (CS II2)
      approximately 50% demonstrated occult dissemination on the other side of the
      diaphragm as evidenced by subsequent relapse in the untreated subdiaphragmatic
      region. However, only 15% to 20% of this group had unsuspected disease in regions
      other than the spleen or the paraaortic lymph nodes. In CS I and II2
      supradiaphragmatic patients, who underwent a staging laparotomy, splenic
      involvement was a powerful prognostic indicator. When the spleen was not
      involved, less than 10% of patients had disease elsewhere below the diaphragm,
      whereas, when the spleen was involved as many as 40% of patients had additional
      subdiaphragmatic sites involved. In the subgroup with three or more lymph node
      areas involved (CS II3), the proportion of patients with extension of disease on
      the other side of the diaphragm, as evidenced by later relapse was also about
      50%. But in these patients, unlike the CS II2 patients, analysis of relapse
      patterns showed that occult disease had already disseminated to the pelvic nodes
      or to extra nodal sites. Furthermore, splenic involvement was of much less
      prognostic significance because CS II3 patients who did not demonstrate splenic
      involvement at staging laparotomy had similar relapse incidence and similar
      relapse patterns as those with positive spleens.

PMID- 6378360
TI  - Mutagenicity of the two main components of commercially available carcinogenic
      aristolochic acid in Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - One of the 2 main components of the commercially available carcinogenic
      aristolochic acid (AA) was isolated, the other was enriched. Three different
      aristolochic acid samples (AAI 99% pure; AAI 65% + AAII 35%; AAI 32% + AAII 68%)
      were assayed for mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium TA1537, TA100 and
      TA100 NR with and without the addition of a metabolizing mixture. The two main
      components (AAI and AAII) were direct mutagens in Salmonella strains TA1537 and
      TA100 with almost equal mutagenic potency. In TA100 NR the aristolochic acid
      samples showed no or only a very low level of biological activity, indicating the
      necessity of nitroreduction for the bioactivation of the samples. These findings
      suggest that both AAI as well as AAII can be used in further studies to elucidate
      the metabolism of aristolochic acid.

PMID- 6378361
TI  - In vivo induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in human scalp hair follicles
      by topical application of a commercial coal tar preparation.
AB  - Five low-dose applications of a commercial coal tar preparation on a small scalp
      skin region resulted in an induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH)
      activity in freshly isolated human hair follicles. Large but reproducible
      interindividual differences in AHH-inducibility could be detected. The method
      offers the opportunity to measure AHH-inducibility, which has been correlated to
      the risk of developing chemical-induced cancer, in vivo in normal epithelium, a
      cell-type highly relevant for chemical carcinogenesis. Smoking habits did not
      have any effect on AHH-activity in freshly isolated hair follicles. Therefore the
      method potentially permits the identification of persons with high and low
      genetically determined AHH-inducibility.

PMID- 6378362
TI  - Endotoxin-induced antitumor activity in the mouse is highly potentiated by
      muramyl dipeptide.
AB  - The ability of aqueous solutions of various endotoxin preparations, muramyl
      dipeptide (MDP) and combinations of endotoxin and MDP, to induce necrosis and
      regression of subcutaneous Meth A transplants in mice and their toxicity were
      studied. While intravenously injected toxic endotoxins, in contrast to a
      detoxified preparation and to MDP, induced considerable necrosis and regression
      of their own, addition of MDP potentiated the antitumor potential of both toxic
      and detoxified endotoxins to the same high degree. Detoxified endotoxin combined
      with MDP, however, was far less toxic than toxic preparations alone or combined
      with MDP. This indicates that toxicity is not directly related to therapeutic
      potential.

PMID- 6378363
TI  - Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of mono- and diacetyl hydrazine.
AB  - Two hydrazine derivatives, monoacetyl hydrazine (MAH) and diacetyl hydrazine
      (DAH), have been tested for mutagenic response in the Salmonella/mammalian
      microsome assay and micronucleus test. MAH but not DAH, increased the revertant
      mutants in TA100 and TA1535 and also increased the frequency of micronuclei in
      polychromatic erythrocytes. Gavage administration of MAH but not of DAH, resulted
      in increased incidence of lung tumors. These observations record for the first
      time the mutagenicity/carcinogenicity of MAH which is one of the metabolites of
      isoniazid in animals and humans.

PMID- 6378364
TI  - Biological implications of consistent chromosome rearrangements in leukemia and
      lymphoma.

PMID- 6378366
TI  - A thiol protease inhibitor released from cultured human malignant melanoma cells.
AB  - A thiol protease inhibitor (TPI) was found in culture media of human malignant
      melanoma cells (Bowes) at 1.5 to 2.3 units/day/flask (full sheet, 75 sq cm). This
      amount well exceeded that for cultured nonmalignant cells (human fetal lung
      fibroblasts). In the intracellular region of the melanoma cells, TPI activity was
      localized mainly in the cytosol fraction. The difference in specific activities
      between the intracellular and extracellular TPI and the TPI accumulation in the
      culture media indicated that cultured melanoma cells release TPI. Partial
      purification and characterization of the TPI by column chromatography using
      Sephadex G-150, papain-Sepharose, and Sephadex G-50, followed by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, revealed two distinct TPIs with
      molecular weights of 56,000 and 9,800 to 10,800. The latter (main) TPI had a high
      specificity for thiol proteases and was heat stable (60 degrees for 60 min), like
      previously reported normal human TPIs. The inhibitor, however, differed from
      normal human TPIs in that it had a lower molecular weight than any normal TPI,
      was unable to inhibit bromelain, and exhibited a mosaic pattern; namely, the low
      molecular-weight TPI resembled liver-type TPI but the pH stability curve
      resembled serum-type TPI. The thiol protease, cathepsin B, was not detected in
      culture media of this human melanoma cell line.

PMID- 6378365
TI  - Heterogeneity and clonal variation related to cell surface expression of a mouse
      lung tumor-associated antigen quantified using flow cytometry.
AB  - Previous reports have established that line 1, a spontaneous BALB/c lung
      carcinoma, expresses a Mr 180,000 tumor-associated surface antigen (TSP-180). In
      this study, using a monoclonal antibody and flow cytometry to quantify cell
      surface TSP-180 expression, we found that essentially all cells in a tissue
      culture-adapted line 1 population express TSP-180, but that the amount of TSP-180
      expressed by cells is quite heterogeneous. Variation in amount of TSP-180 was
      found to be in part related to cell size heterogeneity, and to the expression of
      TSP-180 being cell cycle-dependent. The amount of surface-expressed TSP-180
      correlated somewhat with cell size, and was greater on the average for cells in
      the G2 cell cycle compartment. However, cells of a defined size and specific cell
      cycle stage still showed marked heterogeneity of expression. Even though the
      average amount of TSP-180 expressed per cell decreased during in vitro
      propagation, little change in heterogeneity was observed. To explore whether any
      TSP-180-related heterogeneity resulted from heritable variation of expression,
      263 limiting dilution-derived line 1 clones were analyzed. The majority
      displayed, shortly after cloning, heterogeneous TSP-180 profiles and mean TSP-180
      levels similar to those observed for the parent tumor. Occasionally, however,
      clones were isolated that again appeared as heterogeneous as the parent, but
      differed by as much as 3-fold in mean TSP-180 expression. Extensive passage did
      not substantially increase the low probability of isolating clones which differed
      in expression of TSP-180. Differences in TSP-180 expression among clones were
      found to be relatively stable upon passage, typically maintained after recloning,
      and large enough to influence clonal susceptibility to TSP-180-directed antibody
      and complement-mediated lysis. Heritable variation in TSP-180 expression among
      some clones was also shown to be independent of differences related to cell size,
      cell cycle, or expression of another line 1 surface antigen (P-100). We concluded
      that although clones demonstrating large heritable differences in TSP-180
      expression can occasionally be isolated, line 1 TSP-180 heterogeneity is
      predominantly nonheritable, being similar to that present in recently cloned
      lines, quite stable during in vitro passage, and not totally accounted for by
      cell cycle or cell size variation.

PMID- 6378368
TI  - Identification of trans-1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-6-nitrochrysene as a major
      mutagenic metabolite of 6-nitrochrysene.
AB  - Liver 9000 X g supernatant from rats was used to study the metabolism of [6-
      14C]nitrochrysene under aerobic conditions. The major ethyl acetate-soluble
      metabolite (1.06 nmol/mg of protein in 30 min) was identified as 1,2-dihydro-1,2
      dihydroxy-6-nitrochrysene, based on its mass, UV, and proton magnetic resonance
      spectra. Under aerobic conditions, 6-aminochrysene was not detected as a
      metabolite. However, when incubations were carried out in an atmosphere of 4% O2
      in N2, both 1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-6-nitrochrysene (0.04 nmol/mg of protein)
      and 6-aminochrysene (0.05 nmol/mg of protein) were detected. Further metabolism
      of the 14C-labeled 1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-6-nitrochrysene by rat liver 9000 X
      g supernatant under aerobic conditions gave a major metabolite which was
      identified tentatively as 1,2-dihydroxy-6-nitrochrysene. The mutagenic activities
      of 6-nitrochrysene, trans-1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-6-nitrochrysene and 6
      aminochrysene were assessed in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100 and TA98. In
      the absence of rat liver 9000 X g supernatant, trans-1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-6
      nitrochrysene was the more potent mutagen in TA100 but, in TA98, it was less
      active than was 6-nitrochrysene. In the presence of rat liver 9000 X g
      supernatant, both trans-1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-6-nitrochrysene and 6
      nitrochrysene were more mutagenic in TA100 than in the assays performed without
      an activating system, and the dihydrodiol metabolite was more mutagenic than was
      6-nitrochrysene. In TA98 with activation, trans-1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-6
      nitrochrysene, 6-aminochrysene, and 6-nitrochrysene were all mutagenic. The
      results of this study indicate that trans-1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-6
      nitrochrysene is a major proximate mutagen of 6-nitrochrysene in S. typhimurium
      TA100.

PMID- 6378367
TI  - Effect of hyperthermia on murine cell surface histocompatibility antigens.
AB  - The effect of heat on the density of cell surface histocompatibility antigens was
      examined. Antigen density and distribution were determined by radioimmunoassay
      and flow cytometry after the binding of radioiodinated or fluoresceinated
      monoclonal antibody (anti-H-2Kk and anti-H-2Kb) to murine lymphoma cells in
      suspension cultures. Antibody binding was unaffected by temperatures between 37
      degrees and 41 degrees following a 30-min heat exposure. At 42 degrees, some
      inhibition of binding was measurable. However, at 43 degrees, antibody binding
      was reduced by 30 to 50%, and a further 15 to 20% reduction was observed at 45
      degrees. Flow cytometry showed that all cells were equally affected. There was no
      indication of the selection of a specific cell population. The temperature
      dependent decrease in antibody binding was due to a decrease in receptor number
      and not to changes in the affinity. Measurement of the diffusion coefficient of
      the lipid probe N,N-dioctadecyl indocarbocyanine iodide showed that heat did not
      affect significantly the fluidity of the membrane lipids. Hyperthermic
      temperatures, therefore, have a direct effect on these membrane proteins.

PMID- 6378369
TI  - Inhibition of mitogen- and antigen-induced lymphocyte activation by human
      leukemia cell gangliosides.
AB  - Human leukemia cell gangliosides were found to inhibit in vitro activation of
      human lymphocytes by lectins and the soluble antigen Candida albicans at
      concentrations as low as 2 micrograms/2 X 10(5) lymphocytes/0.2-ml cultures. The
      inhibition was not due to a reduction in the number of viable cells, but to an
      inhibition of blast formation. Three gangliosides were purified from the original
      mixture and tested for their ability to inhibit in vitro activation of
      lymphocytes. All 3 gangliosides inhibited lymphocyte activation to a similar
      degree when tested over a concentration range of 5 to 100 micrograms per ml of
      culture. Removal of sialic acid from the gangliosides by neuraminidase treatment
      significantly reduced or abolished their inhibitory effect. The gangliosides used
      in our analyses are not unique to leukemia cells. However, their concentration is
      increased in patients with cancers. Therefore, our results demonstrate that
      gangliosides isolated from human leukemia cells can inhibit lymphocyte activation
      when added in concentrations equivalent to those found in sera of patients with
      leukemia and other cancers.

PMID- 6378370
TI  - Interactions of the UVRABC endonuclease in vivo and in vitro with DNA damage
      produced by antineoplastic anthracyclines.
AB  - The anthracycline antineoplastic agents Adriamycin and N-trifluoroacetyl
      Adriamycin-14-valerate were assayed in vivo and in vitro for ability to produce
      DNA lesions recognized by the UVRABC endonuclease, a DNA repair enzyme of
      Escherichia coli which recognizes large, bulky lesions in DNA. We found that,
      while both drugs produce DNA lesions, only the lesions produced by Adriamycin
      were toxic. Hence, anthracycline antineoplastic activity may be related to
      production of large, bulky lesions in DNA, while toxicity may correlate with
      toxicity measured in a simple E. coli DNA repair mutant test system.

PMID- 6378371
TI  - Perturbation by insulin of human breast cancer cell cycle kinetics.
AB  - The growth of cultured human breast cancer cells is sensitive to physiological
      concentrations of insulin suggesting that it may regulate breast cancer growth in
      vivo. The mechanisms for the growth effects of insulin are poorly defined. In the
      present study, we examine the effects of insulin on the cell cycle kinetics of
      asynchronous MCF-7 human breast cancer cells growing in serum-free medium. When
      the [3H]thymidine labeling index is used to estimate the S-phase fraction,
      insulin added to asynchronously growing cells results in a time-dependent
      increase in the proportion of cells engaged in DNA synthesis. Computer analysis
      of DNA histograms obtained by flow cytometry of mithramycin-stained cells also
      shows a time-dependent progression of cells into and through the S-phase
      compartment. Sixteen hr after adding insulin to asynchronous cells, 66% of cells
      are in S-phase compared to 37% in controls. The effect of insulin on the cell
      cycle progression of MCF-7 cells is also dose dependent. Stimulation is observed
      with physiological insulin concentrations of 0.1 to 1.0 nM; maximal effects are
      observed with 1.0 to 10 nM insulin. Various insulin analogues enhance the
      progression of cells into S phase in proportion to their ability to bind to the
      insulin receptor in MCF-7 cells (porcine greater than or equal to chicken greater
      than guinea pig greater than deoctapeptide insulin), while unrelated peptide
      hormones have no effect on the cell cycle kinetics. Cell cycle analysis after the
      addition of colchicine to prevent mitosis and the reentry of cells into G1
      demonstrates a shortened G1 in response to insulin. Continuous [3H]thymidine
      labeling studies after the addition of colchicine suggest that the growth
      fraction is about 88% with or without insulin. In summary, insulin causes a
      marked perturbation of the cell cycle kinetics of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells
      by facilitating the transit of cells through G1. The data also suggest that this
      effect is mediated via the insulin receptor.

PMID- 6378372
TI  - Immunochemical characterization of differentiation and age-related cell surface
      antigens expressed by chicken erythrocytes.
AB  - Hematopoietic-lymphoid membrane antigens that are related to cell differentiation
      and development, referred to as chicken fetal antigen (CFA) and chicken adult
      antigen (CAA) were immunochemically characterized; Mr 220,000; Mr 170,000; Mr
      130,000; Mr 99,000; Mr 88,000; Mr 50,000; and Mr 24,000 CFA molecules are
      detected on embryonic RBC, and Mr 210,000; Mr 130,000; Mr 102,000; Mr 56,000; Mr
      48,000; and Mr 43,000 CAA molecules are detected on adult RBC. Limited peptide
      mapping analyses showed all of the CFA and CAA molecules to be distinct entities.
      Both the Mr 50,000 CFA and the Mr 43,000 CAA molecules exhibited multiple
      isomorphic variants when analyzed by 2-dimensional electrophoresis. Analyses
      involving neuraminidase treatments and limited peptide mapping showed the Mr
      50,000 CFA isomorphic variants to be chemically identical with the isoelectric
      point variations being due to sialic acid differences. In addition to multiple
      isomorphic variants, the molecular weight and charge differences of which were
      diminished by neuraminidase treatments, the Mr 43,000 CAA molecules exhibited a
      doublet pattern suggesting that the polyclonal antisera may be detecting chicken
      major histocompatibility complex products. Analyses of the Mr 50,000 CFA
      molecules immunoprecipitated with monoclonal antibody 190-4 confirmed that the
      monoclonal antibody recognizes a serological subset of the Mr 50,000 CFA
      molecules but showed that it did not recognize a unique molecularly detectable
      subset among the 18 isomorphic variants discernable by 2-dimensional
      electrophoretic analyses. Cocapping analyses with splenic lymphocytes showed CFA
      and CAA to occur as distinct membrane entities on lymphocytes.

PMID- 6378373
TI  - Urinary excretion of interferon, albumin, and beta 2-microglobulin during
      interferon treatment.
AB  - Serum and urinary levels of albumin, beta 2-microglobulin, and interferon were
      determined in ten patients undergoing interferon therapy. The pharmacokinetics
      during a phase I trial of interferon administration intramuscularly is presented.
      Only trace amounts of interferon activity are found in the urine, even during
      peak serum interferon activity. Serum beta 2-microglobulin levels increased after
      interferon treatment, especially at the higher dosing levels. Urinary excretion
      of beta 2-microglobulin increased due to the relatively low affinity of the
      transport system. Saturation, competition, or inhibition of the absorption
      process for beta 2-microglobulin was not attained. Measurement of the urinary
      albumin/urinary beta 2-microglobulin ratio reveals no glomerular or tubular
      lesion, and we conclude that interferon therapy does not result in a clinically
      significant nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 6378374
TI  - Obituary: Frederick S. Philips 1916-1984.

PMID- 6378375
TI  - Comparison of the rates of repair of O6-alkylguanines in DNA by rat liver and
      bacterial O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase.
AB  - The rates of loss of O6-methylguanine and O6-ethylguanine from rat liver DNA were
      determined over a time period of 15 min to 4 hr after various doses (5
      micrograms/kg to 2 mg/kg) of dimethylnitrosamine and diethylnitrosamine which
      produced total amounts of these adducts in the range of 300 to 16,000
      molecules/cell. This amount is considerably less than the content of O6
      alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase protein (approximately 60,000
      molecules/hepatocyte), and during the time period studied, the adducts were found
      to be lost with pseudo-first order kinetics. The half-life for O6-methylguanine
      was 47 min. O6-Ethylguanine was removed 3.6 times more slowly with a half-life of
      172 min. The ability of partially purified rat liver O6-alkylguanine-DNA
      alkyltransferase to remove O6-methylguanine and O6-ethylguanine from [3H]alkyl
      labeled DNA substrates in vitro was measured, and it was found that O6
      methylguanine was removed 3.4 times more rapidly than was O6-ethylguanine. These
      results are consistent with the hypothesis that most, if not all, of the repair
      of these adducts which occurs within the first 4 hr after treatment is due to the
      alkyltransferase protein. Diethylnitrosamine, which is slightly more potent as a
      carcinogen to rat liver, produced a total amount of O6-ethylguanine of 3.7
      mumol/mol guanine/mg compared to O6-methylguanine (28 mumol/mol guanine/mg) given
      by dimethylnitrosamine. The slower rate of loss of the ethyl adduct is not
      sufficient to account for this difference, and the results, therefore, support
      the concept that other DNA adducts (possibly O-alkylpyrimidines) contribute to
      the initiation of tumors by diethylnitrosamine. Preliminary evidence that the rat
      liver alkyltransferase can also remove hydroxyethyl groups from DNA at a rate
      slower than removal of ethyl groups was also obtained. Bacterial O6-alkylguanine
      DNA alkyltransferase was shown to remove methyl, ethyl, and hydroxyethyl groups
      from the O6 position of guanine in DNA using fluorescence detection to quantitate
      these adducts. The bacterial protein removed methyl groups very rapidly but was
      much slower than the rat liver protein on the larger adducts. These results
      suggest that the relative rates of repair of different alkyl groups may be
      species specific and must be determined experimentally in the cell of interest
      before conclusions concerning biological effects can be drawn.

PMID- 6378377
TI  - Abnormal pattern of mucus-associated M1 antigens in histologically normal mucosa
      adjacent to colonic adenocarcinomas.
AB  - Apparently normal mucosae adjacent to colon adenocarcinomas were studied by
      cutting strips of mucosa from the entire length of 120 surgical specimens (94
      located on the distal colon and 26 on the proximal colon). These mucosae were
      coiled into "Swiss rolls." Their mucus alterations were mapped by
      immunoperoxidase using antibodies against M1 antigens, oncofetal markers
      associated with precancerous colonic mucosa. We demonstrated mucus modifications
      in patches of mucosa at a distance from frank tumors. The extent of these
      alterations was not related to invasion by the adjacent carcinoma according to
      Dukes' classification. However, these mucus modifications were more frequently
      observed on the distal than on the proximal side, were more often found adjacent
      to mucinous hyperplasia or adenoma, and were observed in 8 of 10 mucosae bearing
      metachronous or synchronous distal colonic adenocarcinomas. Our results suggest
      that the M1 modifications characterizing an early stage of carcinogenesis could
      have a putative prognostic value in estimating the risk for metachronous distal
      colonic adenocarcinomas.

PMID- 6378376
TI  - Lack of effect of in vivo prostacyclin on the development of pulmonary metastases
      in mice following intravenous injection of CT26 colon carcinoma, Lewis lung
      carcinoma, or B16 amelanotic melanoma cells.
AB  - Honn et al. [Science (Wash. DC), 212: 1270, 1981] have recently reported a 93%
      reduction in the development of metastases of B16 amelanotic tumor cells given
      i.v. following a single dose of prostacyclin (PGI2) (100 micrograms) and
      theophylline (100 micrograms) 30 min prior to the injection of tumor cells. We
      have been unable to reduce pulmonary metastases induced by the i.v. injection of
      CT26 colon adenocarcinoma, Lewis lung carcinoma, or B16 amelanotic melanoma cells
      with a similar regimen. Thus, PGI2 and theophylline given prior to injection of
      tumor cells and 2 hr postinjection had no effect on the number or volume of
      pulmonary tumor nodules for CT26 cells, using 15 experimental and 14 control
      animals; Lewis lung cells, using 14 experimental and 13 control animals; or B16
      amelanotic cells, using 26 experimental and 12 control animals. The PGI2 used was
      shown to be active in vitro, inhibiting tumor-induced platelet aggregation by all
      three tumors at 10(-9)M; and in vivo by inhibition of Lewis lung-induced
      thrombocytopenia at 1 hr, using 100 micrograms PGI2 prior to the injection of
      tumor cells.

PMID- 6378378
TI  - UM-SCP-1, a new human cell line derived from a prostatic squamous cell carcinoma.
AB  - A permanent cell line (UM-SCP-1) has been established from a primary squamous
      cell carcinoma of the prostate. UM-SCP-1 has been passaged 40 times and has been
      in culture for 22 months. The doubling time of this aneuploid cell line is
      approximately 36 hr. In nude mice, UM-SCP-1 produces rapidly growing tumors with
      distinct histological features of squamous cell carcinoma. UM-SCP-1 cells express
      pemphigus and pemphigoid antigens and bind antibodies to beta 2 microglobulin and
      HLA-A,B,C common antigen. Cells of this line are unreactive with anti-A and anti
      B blood group typing sera, autologous serum, and monoclonal anti-HLA-DR
      antibodies.

PMID- 6378379
TI  - Interferon-alpha therapy of renal cancer.
AB  - Thirty-three patients with renal cancer began treatment with human lymphoblastoid
      interferon (Wellferon) between August 1982 and February 1983. Interferon was
      administered as an i.m. injection at a dose of 5 X 10(6) units/sq m 3 times per
      week. Treatments were continued for at least 24 weeks in the absence of rapid
      disease progression or intolerable toxicity. Five patients demonstrated partial
      responses, which continued in two patients with durations of 239+ and 300+ days.
      Prolonged therapy was often required with a mean time to response of 99 days (22
      to 190 days). Toxicity was substantial. Fever, chills, arthralgias, and myalgias
      occurred following most doses, but usually were well tolerated. Leukopenia and
      hepatic enzyme elevations were usually modest and always reversible. Dose
      limiting side effects were progressive fatigue and anorexia which reversed within
      approximately 4 to 6 weeks after cessation of interferon therapy. There was no
      correlation between interferon levels, clinical toxicities, and response in this
      group of patients. We conclude that interferon has definite antitumor activity in
      renal cancer when given by this dose and schedule.

PMID- 6378380
TI  - Treatment of chemotherapy extravasation: current status.

PMID- 6378382
TI  - Echocardiography: state of the art--1984.

PMID- 6378381
TI  - Non-invasive non-nuclear exercise testing.

PMID- 6378383
TI  - Assessment of ventricular function by radionuclide angiography: applications and
      results.

PMID- 6378384
TI  - Isolated anomaly of the left anterior descending coronary artery.
AB  - An isolated anomaly of the left anterior descending coronary artery arising from
      the right sinus of Valsalva is described. A review of the literature shows that
      isolated anomalies of this vessel are very rare. However, the inability to
      visualize this vessel from the left sinus of Valsalva warrants careful search of
      the right sinus.

PMID- 6378385
TI  - Repetitive extragenic palindromic sequences: a major component of the bacterial
      genome.
AB  - We describe a remarkably conserved nucleotide sequence, the many copies of which
      may occupy up to 1% of the genomes of E. coli and S. typhimurium. This sequence,
      the REP (repetitive extragenic palindromic) sequence, is about 35 nucleotides
      long, includes an inverted repeat, and can occur singly or in multiple adjacent
      copies. A possible role for the REP sequences in regulation of gene expression
      has been thoroughly investigated. While the REP sequences do not appear to
      modulate differential gene expression within an operon, they can affect the
      expression of both upstream and downstream genes to a small extent, probably by
      affecting the rate of mRNA degradation. Possible roles for the REP sequence in
      mRNA degradation, chromosome structure, and recombination are discussed.

PMID- 6378386
TI  - Gene amplification in cultured animal cells.

PMID- 6378387
TI  - Regulation of the cell cycle during early Xenopus development.
AB  - Maturation-promoting factor (MPF) is a partially purified M-phase-specific
      activity that induces meiosis in frog oocytes and is detectable in mitotic
      lysates from cells of wide phylogenetic origins. We show here that without
      protein synthesis, addition and removal of MPF can drive the mitotic cycle in
      frog eggs, including nuclear membrane breakdown and reformation, chromosome
      condensation and decondensation, and suppression and initiation of DNA
      replication on endogenous DNA and on injected plasmid templates. We have also
      studied M-phase arrest induced by injection of unfertilized egg cytoplasm and
      show that this arrest blocks an endogenous cytoplasmic cell-cycle oscillator and
      causes the stabilization of MPF activity. The oscillator can be restarted by
      injection of Ca++, which causes chromosome decondensation, reinitiation of DNA
      replication, and loss of MPF activity. We have looked in more detail at how DNA
      replication responds to the level of MPF and show that the effects are on the
      chromatin template and not the replication machinery. These results suggest that
      in Xenopus embryos cell-cycle events of the nucleus, including DNA replication
      and mitosis, are controlled by the level of MPF activity, which is driven by or
      may be part of an autonomous cell-cycle oscillator. The way in which a more
      complicated somatic cell cycle may arise from the simple embryonic cell cycle is
      discussed.

PMID- 6378388
TI  - Transcription and regulatory signals at the mating type locus in yeast.
AB  - The mating type locus with two alleles (MATa and MAT alpha) determines cell type
      in yeast by activating and repressing sets of cell-type-specific genes. The two
      genes at MAT alpha, alpha 1 and alpha 2, are transcribed divergently from a
      central promoter region. Deletions in this intergenic region have been used to
      map DNA sequences involved in the transcription and regulation of the MAT alpha
      genes. A single promoter region, essential for transcription of both alpha 1 and
      alpha 2, is found in the region between alpha 1 and alpha 2. Deletions removing
      the alpha 1 or alpha 2 TATA box are still transcribed but the transcripts fail to
      initiate properly. A separate regulatory region is also found between alpha 1 and
      alpha 2. Deletions of this region lead to the constitutive expression of these
      genes. These regulatory mutants synthesize alpha 1 mRNA in diploids, but this is
      not sufficient to activate the alpha-specific genes.

PMID- 6378389
TI  - Production of C3 as a marker of lymphokine-mediated macrophage activation.
AB  - C3 production was assayed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in
      cell-free supernatants harvested from thioglycollate-elicited macrophages exposed
      to a variety of macrophage stimulating and activating agents. Macrophage
      monolayers treated with the stimulating agents starch, glycogen, and zymosan
      secreted three- to four-fold less C3 (mean 12 ng/10(5) cells/12 hr) than
      macrophages exposed to lymphokines containing macrophage-activating factor (MAF)
      (mean C3 production 44 ng/10(5) cells/12 hr). The increased production of C3 in
      macrophages exposed to MAF parallels the ability of these macrophages to acquire
      tumoricidal capacity as monitored in an in vitro 72 hr tumor cell cytotoxicity
      assay using B16 melanoma cells. Macrophages previously rendered tumoricidal by
      exposure to MAF and which are refractory to further challenge by MAF following
      decay of their tumoricidal properties, do not produce C3 on rechallenge with MAF.
      Exposure of refractory macrophages to liposome-encapsulated MAF overcomes the
      refractory state and induces re-expression of the tumoricidal phenotype and C3
      production. We conclude that quantitative detection of macrophage-generated C3
      antigen provides a useful biochemical marker for monitoring the acquisition of
      tumoricidal properties in macrophages exposed to MAF and offers a sensitive assay
      for screening novel agents that activate macrophages via mechanisms similar to
      MAF.

PMID- 6378390
TI  - Study on B-memory generation by Tnp-Ficoll: induction but not expression is
      observed among various inbred mouse strains.
AB  - The primary and secondary responses to Tnp-Ficoll, a class 2 thymus-independent
      antigen, were assessed in various inbred strains of mice. The eventual
      implication of H-2 or IgH linked genes was searched for. Contrasting with our
      previous reports using Tnp-LPS, a class 1 thymus-independent antigen, no
      homologous memory-type response to Tnp-Ficoll and consequently no genetic control
      was observed. However Tnp-specific B-memory lymphocytes were induced in most
      strains since a heterologous challenge with Tnp-LPS evoked a typical memory type
      response characterized by an increased number of antibody-secreting cells and/or
      significant amount of anti-Tnp antibodies of the IgG isotype. The lack of memory
      revelation by Tnp-Ficoll is discussed in terms of a possible humoral or cellular
      regulation and of B-memory cell generation and maturation.

PMID- 6378391
TI  - Changes in splenic histology and cytology in mice bearing plasmacytomas.
AB  - Studies of immunosuppression in plasmacytoma-bearing mice (PC-mice) yield
      important information for understanding a variety of immune phenomena. Most
      investigations of this model system have utilized splenic cells; thus, valid
      interpretation of much of this data rests on knowledge of the nature of the cells
      present in the spleens of PC-mice (PC-spleen). Nevertheless, no comprehensive
      description of PC-spleens has ever been made and is therefore the subject of this
      report. Major differences exist between normal and PC-spleens. PC-spleens are
      enlarged and contain an increased number of cells, the greater proportion of
      which are large in size. On the basis of morphology and expression of cell
      surface markers the absolute number of B cells and T cells per spleen was found
      to be normal or somewhat increased in PC-mice. However, the percentage of these
      cells was decreased due to an increase in other cell types causing changes
      predominantly in the red pulp of the spleen. The major populations expanded are
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages. The numbers of megakaryocytes,
      immature precursor cells, and metastatic tumor cells are also increased to a
      smaller degree. The implications and relevance of these data to studies of PC
      induced immunosuppression are discussed.

PMID- 6378392
TI  - Defective bursa regeneration after irradiation of young thymectomized chickens.
AB  - The ability of the bursa of Fabricius to regenerate after gamma-irradiation and
      bone marrow reconstitution was examined in chickens thymectomized (TX)
      immediately after hatching. Irradiation (2 X 500 R) 3 weeks after hatching was
      followed by impaired bursa regeneration, as judged both by bursa/body weight
      ratios and by bursa follicle development 3-6 weeks later in TX as compared to
      control birds. Germinal center formation in the spleen was deficient, and immune
      responses to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) and B. abortus (BA) were moderately
      reduced in the TX as compared to control birds irradiated at 3 weeks but not in
      TX birds irradiated at 5 weeks of age.

PMID- 6378393
TI  - Modulation of natural killer susceptibility by indole alkaloid tumor promoter
      dihydroteleocidin B.
AB  - The indole alkaloid tumor promoter dihydroteleocidin B (DHTB) was shown to reduce
      the natural killer (NK) cell susceptibility of two established cell lines, U937
      and K562. The decrease in NK susceptibility correlated with the induction of
      differentiation as documented by positive benzidine staining in the
      erythroleukemia K562 and by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity effector
      function in the histiocytic lymphoma line U937, respectively. In contrast, DHTB
      treatment did not alter the NK sensitivity of the NK-resistant B-lymphoblastoid
      cell line RPMI 8866. Cold target inhibition experiments suggested that both
      effector-target recognition and post-recognition steps were affected by DHTB.
      These results lend further support to the notion that NK susceptibility of a
      given tumor cell may vary with the stage of differentiation.

PMID- 6378394
TI  - Genetics of resistance to the African trypanosomes. IV. Resistance of radiation
      chimeras to Trypanosoma rhodesiense infection.
AB  - The cellular bases of resistance to the African trypanosomes were examined in
      inbred mice. As part of these studies, reciprocal bone marrow cell transplants
      were performed between H-2 compatible mice which differ in relative resistance to
      Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection. Survival times, parasitemias and IgM
      antibody responses to the surface antigen of the infecting variant type were
      measured in these semiallogeneic bone marrow chimeras. Relatively resistant
      C57BL/10 mice, intermediate A.By mice, and least resistant C3H.SW mice that were
      reconstituted after lethal irradiation with syngeneic bone marrow cells displayed
      resistance and immunity characteristic of the homologous donor strain. When
      C57BL/10 mice were reconstituted with C3H.SW mouse bone marrow cells they
      retained the ability to produce antibodies to trypanosome surface antigen but the
      antibody titers were significantly reduced. Control of parasitemia and mean
      survival time were reduced in these chimeras, but differed significantly from
      C3H.SW mice. A.By mice that received cells from C57BL/10 donors exhibited
      antibody responses and survival times similar to the C57BL/10 mice. Survival
      times of A.By mice given syngeneic cells or C3H.SW cells were the same, but the
      antibody responses of A.By mice given C3H.SW cells were lower than those of A.By
      mice given syngeneic cells. C3H.SW mice reconstituted with C57BL/10 bone marrow
      cells were capable of making antibodies and controlling parasitemia, in marked
      contrast to the absence of such responses in C3H.SW mice reconstituted with
      syngeneic cells. Survival times, however, were indistinguishable from those of
      C3H.SW mice given syngeneic cells. Thus, resistance to T. b. rhodesiense was
      shown for the first time to depend on donor bone marrow derived cells as well as
      upon radiation-resistant cells/factors associated with host genetic background.
      Also, parasite-specific IgM antibody responses seem to be regulated by a
      mechanism which does not depend on bone marrow derived cells alone, and the
      presence of such immune responses is not linked to survival time.

PMID- 6378395
TI  - An antigen cross-reacting with anti-laminin sera is found in the submembranous
      cortical region of various cells in culture.
AB  - Laminin is a complex extracellular matrix molecule consisting of one A-subunit
      (Mr400KD) and 3 B-subunits (Mr220KD) and is found in the basement membrane. Even
      though it is now apparent that different cell types are synthesizing laminin-like
      molecules, the role of these molecules in different systems is not well
      understood. We have characterized laminin and raised specific antiserum in
      rabbits. The distribution of laminin was studied by indirect immunofluorescence
      in different cells such as PFHR-9, WI-38, MRC-5, CHO, 3T3, WI38VA132RA, RAW264-7
      and Ki3T3. All normal and transformed cells display a high amount of
      intracellular submembranous network-like component cross-reacting with
      antilaminin serum (anti-Lm) and not with anti-fibronectin (anti-Fn) serum as seen
      by immunofluorescence in permeabilized cells. Preabsorption of anti-Lm with
      increasing amounts of laminin progressively decreased the staining of the
      submembranous network. Anti-Lm sera from four other laboratories also showed
      similar staining pattern. The structural and non-secretory nature of this
      submembranous staining was confirmed by (a) inhibiting protein synthesis in 0.5%
      serum and 4 micrograms/ml puromycin and (b) by immunoelectron microscopy of
      permeabilized cells. Immunoprecipitation of 3H-leucine labelled cellular proteins
      with anti-laminin sera showed proteins of Mr 220-210 KD in SDS-PAGE fluorography.
      These studies suggest that an antigen(s) crossreacting with anti-Lm sera is
      localized in the membrane associated cytoskeletal region where spectrin/fodrin
      family of proteins have been localized.

PMID- 6378396
TI  - Microtubule disassembly and morphologic alterations induced by 1-chloro-2,4
      dinitrobenzene, a substrate for glutathione S-transferase.
AB  - 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), a potent substrate for glutathione S
      transferase, is known to rapidly deplete cellular glutathione (GSH) via conjugate
      formation. Treatment of quiescent 3T3 cells with 5 uM CDNB results in disassembly
      of microtubules (MT) within 1 hr as revealed by indirect immunofluorescence
      microscopy. In addition, CDNB treatment also induces dramatic morphologic
      alterations similar to those mediated by colchicine. Furthermore, taxol prevents
      both MT disassembly and morphologic changes normally occurring in CDNB as well as
      colchicine-treated cells. The mechanism of CDNB-mediated MT disassembly in vivo
      and its possible relationship to cellular GSH metabolism are under current
      studies.

PMID- 6378397
TI  - The use and abuse of filipin to localize cholesterol in membranes.

PMID- 6378398
TI  - [The importance of determining insulinemia after glucose loading for the
      detection of latent gestational diabetes].

PMID- 6378399
TI  - [Urgent (emergency) suture of the cervix for hemorrhage after childbirth].

PMID- 6378400
TI  - [A new look at severe pelvic inflammation].

PMID- 6378401
TI  - [Czechoslovak literature in gynecology-obstetrics in 1980 published in journals
      other than Ceskoslovenska Gynekologie].

PMID- 6378402
TI  - [Removable complete dentures in patients of older age groups].

PMID- 6378403
TI  - [Assessment of gingival exudate and its importance in the diagnosis of
      periodontal inflammation].

PMID- 6378404
TI  - [Evaluation of Isopast materials using SEM].

PMID- 6378405
TI  - [Evaluation of manually and mechanically processed amalgam].

PMID- 6378406
TI  - [Incorporation of dentures into the masticatory function].

PMID- 6378407
TI  - [Dental plaque (literature review)].

PMID- 6378408
TI  - [The adherence of microorganisms to the surfaces in the oral cavity].

PMID- 6378409
TI  - [Mechanisms of calcification of the dental pulp (literature review)].

PMID- 6378410
TI  - [The importance of zinc in biological systems (literature review)].

PMID- 6378411
TI  - Influence of cations on the mode of action of miconazole on yeast cells.
AB  - The influence of the antifungal agent miconazole nitrate on yeast plasma
      membranes was studied in a concentration range 0-100 microM. The reaction of 100
      microM miconazole with the plasma membranes lead to a rapid breakdown of the
      transmembrane pH gradient and to an efflux of metabolites from the cytoplasm of
      the cells. This effect of miconazole could be reversed by mono-, di- and most
      effectively by trivalent cations due to the formation of miconazole-cation
      complexes. At a ratio of trivalent cation/miconazole (1:3) the effect was
      completely reversed. X-Ray diffraction studies indicated a crystalline structure
      of the aluminium-miconazole complex.

PMID- 6378412
TI  - Toxicity of 1,2-dibromoethane in isolated hepatocytes: role of lipid
      peroxidation.
AB  - Treatment of isolated hepatocytes with 1,2-dibromoethane (DBE) caused a
      concentration dependent depletion of cellular glutathione (GSH) content and a
      parallel increase in the covalent binding of reactive intermediates to cell
      proteins, as a consequence of the haloalkane activation. The reduction of the
      hepatocyte GSH content, induced by DBE, stimulated the onset of lipid
      peroxidation, as measured by malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation. N-Acetylcysteine
      (1 mM) was found to partially prevent GSH loss and to inhibit MDA formation,
      whereas equal concentrations of cysteine and methionine were ineffective on these
      respects. The stimulation of the peroxidative reactions appeared to be also
      associated with an increase in the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from
      the cells, indicative of a severe hepatocyte injury. Antioxidants such as alpha
      tocopherol, N,N'-phenyl-phenylenediamine (DPPD) and promethazine, as well as N
      acetylcysteine reduced MDA formation to various extents and also protect against
      LDH release, yet without interfering with the covalent binding of DBE reactive
      intermediates to hepatocyte proteins. These results suggest the involvement of
      lipid peroxidation, consequent to GSH depletion, in the pathogenesis of liver
      cell necrosis due to DBE.

PMID- 6378413
TI  - Mutagenic activity of possible metabolites of 4-nitrobiphenyl ether.
AB  - A series of possible metabolites--4-nitrosobiphenyl ether (4-NO), 4
      hydroxylaminobiphenyl ether (4-NHOH), 4-aminobiphenyl ether (4-NH2), 4
      hydroxyacetylaminobiphenyl ether (4-N(OH)Ac), 4-acetoxyacetylaminobiphenyl ether
      (4-N(OAc)Ac)involved in the toxic effects of 4-nitrobiphenyl ether (4-NO2) was
      synthesized and tested for mutagenic activity toward Salmonella typhimurium TA100
      strain in the presence and the absence of liver homogenates of guinea pig treated
      with Kaneclor-500. 4-NO2, 4-NO and 4-NHOH showed direct-acting mutagenicity. 4-NO
      and 4-NHOH showed high mutagenic activity, while the mutagenic activity of 4-NO2
      was very weak compared to 4-NO and 4-NHOH. 4-NO showed antimicrobial action at
      high concentrations. The other three compounds tested induced no mutation. Upon
      addition of NAD(P)H, the mutagenic activities of 4-NO and 4-NHOH were slightly
      enhanced, but no enhancement was observed by addition of NAD(P)+. Metabolic
      activation with guinea pig liver homogenates enhanced the mutagenic activities of
      4-NO2 and 4-NO, and converted 4-NH2, 4-N(OH)Ac and 4-N(OAc)Ac to the product(s)
      responsible for the mutagenic activity. Addition of bis(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate,
      a deacetylase inhibitor, inhibited the mutagenic activities of 4-N(OH)Ac and 4
      N(OAc)Ac by about 70% in the presence of NADPH and about 77% in the absence of
      NADPH. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of non-enzymatic
      conversion-products of 4-NHOH and 4-BO with and without NADPH indicated that 4
      NHOH disappeared after 30 min of incubation and was converted completely to 4-NO
      without NADPH, while with NADPH, 4-NHOH disappeared very slowly and was detected
      even after 4 h of incubation. In the case of 4-NO, no decrease of 4-NO was
      observed without NADPH, while with NADPH 4-NO decreased quickly and a significant
      amount of 4-NHOH appeared. The mechanism of the NAD(P)H-dependent increase in
      mutagenicity is also discussed.

PMID- 6378414
TI  - [Serous macular detachment and treatment with flumequine (Apurone = urinary
      antibacterial). Apropos of 2 cases].

PMID- 6378415
TI  - [Use of full-thickness auricular grafts in palpebral surgery].

PMID- 6378416
TI  - [Technical approach to the cryopreserved human cornea].

PMID- 6378417
TI  - Effect of cholinergic stimulation on the distribution of amylase activity.
AB  - The amylase activity was measured in the several tissues and plasma after
      pancreatectomy in the rat. Pancreatectomy decreased the alpha-amylase content of
      the blood and several tissues in the rat, whereas the amylase activity did not
      change in the submandibular gland. Especially, the content of the small intestine
      lost about 99% of its amylase activity as did the small intestinal mucosa. After
      cholinergic stimulation, the amylase activity in several tissues and plasma
      tended to increase but the increase was not statistically significant. Only the
      enzyme activity in the lumen of the small intestine and distal intestine
      increased substantially after cholinergic stimulation. However, the maximal
      concentration in the small intestine was still only 2% of that in the normal non
      pancreatectomized animal. The data suggest that the absence of the dramatic
      increase in the amylase activity in the plasma and several tissues that was
      observed in the normal rat after this pattern of cholinergic stimulation was due
      to the absence of the potential source of amylase, the pancreas.

PMID- 6378418
TI  - Effects of steroidal and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents in neonatal
      endotoxemia.
AB  - The effects of steriodal and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents on mortality,
      plasma glucose and lactate levels, and pathologic alterations associated with
      Escherichia coli endotoxemia were assessed in neonatal rats. Animals were first
      injected subcutaneously with either high (LD95) or moderate (LD35) doses of
      endotoxin and immediately thereafter were administered either saline,
      dexamethasone, indomethacin, or glucose. Animals treated with saline or glucose
      developed significant hypoglycemia and hyperlactacidemia. Dexamethasone and
      indomethacin ameliorated the fall in glucose and the rise in lactate during high
      dose but not moderate dose endotoxemia. Pathologic changes consisting of
      widespread inflammation and hepatic necrosis were most marked in the saline- and
      indomethacin-treated animals. Only dexamethasone significantly reduced mortality
      at either LD95 or LD35 doses of endotoxin. We conclude that dexamethasone may
      reduce mortality in endotoxic shock through mechanisms other than simple
      amelioration of changes in plasma glucose.

PMID- 6378419
TI  - Lidocaine therapy in awake endotoxemic Yucatan minipigs. I. Metabolic parameters
      and glucose biokinetics.
AB  - Cellular membrane destabilization induced by endotoxin and endogenous
      inflammatory mediators contributes significantly to the progression of metabolic
      and hemodynamic dysfunction in endotoxemia. Owing to its membrane-stabilizing
      properties, lidocaine may prove beneficial in the treatment of endotoxic shock.
      Twelve 50-kg pigs were surgically fitted with jugular venous and carotid arterial
      catheters. Seventy-two hours later they were placed in restraint slings, and
      following a 3-h control period, were infused with Escherichia coli endotoxin
      (Difco 055:B5) at 15 micrograms/kg for 6 h. Eight were controls and four received
      a primed (2 mg/kg) continuous infusion (2 mg/kg/h) of lidocaine 1 h following the
      initiation of endotoxin infusion. In the lidocaine-treated group, arterial
      hypotension (113 mmHg) developed by 60 min, continued to fall to 104 mmHg by 200
      min and rose terminally to 118 mmHg. These values were higher than the control
      group, but were below those of the control period of the lidocaine group. Six -3H
      glucose-derived Rd values were increased above their own control period at 60
      min, but were approximately 55% lower than in the untreated group. Ra values were
      not significantly changed in the lidocaine-treated group resulting in a net
      glucose deficit which was more profound than in untreated pigs, whose Ra values
      did increase. The degree of hypoglycemia was more profound in lidocaine-treated
      pigs from 100-260 min, stabilizing at 29-37 mg/dl. Blood lactate (70 mg/dl) was
      above those of the control pigs (44 mg/dl) from 160 to 220 min. U-14C-glucose
      derived glucose recycling was increased above the lidocaine group's preendotoxin
      control period and reached values twice those of the untreated pigs' endotoxin
      infusion period. Compared to their own control period and the untreated group's
      endotoxin infusion period, percentage lactate/glucose was decreased from 40 min
      on. Lidocaine treatment elicited modest improvements in systemic arterial blood
      pressure and reduced relative glucose utilization and gluconeogenesis, but in
      itself, was not a sufficient therapy for endotoxic shock in this model.

PMID- 6378420
TI  - Lidocaine therapy in awake endotoxemic Yucatan minipigs. II. Hepatosplanchnic
      metabolism.
AB  - Reductions in hepatosplanchnic blood flow and oxygen delivery contribute to the
      hepatic metabolic dysfunction observed in endotoxemia. Through its membrane
      stabilizing activity, systemic lidocaine therapy may modify visceral hemodynamics
      and preserve hepatocellular metabolic function in endotoxic shock. Twelve 50-kg
      pigs were surgically fitted with jugular, portal, hepatic venous and carotid
      arterial catheters, and hepatic arterial and portal venous flow cuffs to
      quantitate portosystemic and transhepatic kinetics. Seventy-two hours later they
      were placed in slings, and following a 3-h control period were infused with
      Escherichia coli endotoxin (Difco 055:B5) at 15 micrograms/kg/h for 6 h. Eight
      were controls and four received a primed (2 mg/kg) continuous infusion (2
      mg/kg/h) of lidocaine 1 h following the initiation of endotoxin infusion.
      Hepatosplanchnic blood flow was relatively unaffected by lidocaine infusion. In
      both untreated and treated pigs, hepatic arterial flow decreased by 25-30%,
      portal venous flow fell by approximately 60%, and hepatic venous flow was reduced
      by 50%. Following 2 h of endotoxin infusion, net splanchnic glucose uptake was
      increased significantly in lidocaine-treated pigs, but not in untreated
      endotoxemic animals. Transhepatic lactate kinetics were unaffected by treatment,
      but net hepatic pyruvate uptake in the lidocaine-treated group increased as
      compared to the untreated group by 140 min postendotoxin, being significantly
      greater at 220, 280, and 320 min. Hepatic oxygen input was significantly reduced
      by 25-30% in both groups within 1 h of the onset of endotoxemia, but hepatic
      oxygen extraction efficiency increased two-to-three-fold, thereby maintaining net
      hepatic oxygen uptake. Despite the maintenance of hepatic oxygen uptake and
      improved hepatic pyruvate extraction in lidocaine treated endotoxemic pigs, no
      significant improvements in glucose homeostasis were incurred, leading to the
      conclusion that lidocaine therapy offered few significant advantages in the
      treatment of overall metabolic derangements during acute endotoxemia.

PMID- 6378421
TI  - Evidence for the presence of calsequestrin in both peripheral and interior
      regions of sheep Purkinje fibers.
AB  - Localization of calsequestrin in sheep Purkinje fibers was determined by indirect
      immunofluorescence labeling of cryostat sections of sheep myocardium from the
      intraventricular wall. The results presented show that calsequestrin is present
      in discrete foci at the peripheral, as well as the interior regions of the
      cytoplasm. Since Purkinje fibers lack transverse tubules, the presence of
      calsequestrin at specific foci in the interior regions of the cytoplasm in these
      cells suggests that calsequestrin is localized in the lumen of peripheral
      junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum, as well as in the lumen of corbular
      sarcoplasmic reticulum present in the I band region of the myofibrils. Assuming
      that the function of calsequestrin is to sequester calcium into the lumen of the
      sarcoplasmic reticulum, these results imply that two structurally different
      regions of the sarcoplasmic reticulum function as calcium storage sites in
      mammalian Purkinje fibers and raises the possibility that calcium storage and/or
      release from these two sites might be regulated differently.

PMID- 6378422
TI  - Variables predictive of successful medical therapy in patients with unstable
      angina: selection by multivariate analysis from clinical, electrocardiographic,
      and angiographic evaluations.
AB  - Although unstable angina can be initially controlled with medical therapy in most
      patients, there is a high incidence of subsequent death, myocardial infarction,
      or need for coronary bypass surgery to control symptoms. Identification at the
      time of presentation of the patient likely to do poorly on continued medical
      therapy would be useful in advising consideration of surgical therapy. Since
      coronary arterial spasm may have a significant role in the pathophysiology of
      unstable angina in some patients, the recently developed calcium channel
      antagonists may therefore be of particular benefit in the medical therapy of
      unstable angina. One hundred thirty-eight patients were entered into a randomized
      double-blind study of the efficacy of adding nifedipine to conventional treatment
      of unstable angina (nitrates and beta-blockers) and were followed for 18 months.
      Of these patients, 104 underwent coronary arteriography. A multivariate Cox's
      hazard function analysis was applied to variables selected from the history,
      electrocardiographic (ECG) changes during chest pain, and from scintigraphic and
      coronary arteriographic data to determine those variables most predictive of
      response to medical therapy. The percentage of the left ventricular myocardium
      supplied by vessels with 70% or greater luminal stenosis was the most significant
      variable in influencing failure of medical therapy defined as sudden death,
      myocardial infarction, or need for bypass surgery. Whether or not the patient
      received nifedipine was the second most powerful variable, with the use of
      nifedipine reducing by half the relative risk of failing medical therapy. These
      were followed by cigarette smoking and presence of global ST segment changes
      during ischemia. After 18 months the nifedipine group had fewer patients failing
      medical therapy (p = .02), with fewer patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery
      (p less than .01). However, nifedipine did not appear to have a preventive effect
      against myocardial infarction or death. Kaplan-Meier actuarial curves confirmed
      that medical therapy was significantly less successful in the presence of
      increasing numbers of significantly stenotic vessels (p = .03). However,
      nifedipine provided a significant beneficial effect in patients with two or more
      stenotic vessels (p less than .01) and in whom 50% or more of the myocardium was
      supplied by vessels with 70% or greater stenosis (p = .01). Thus, although
      patients with advanced obstructive coronary disease have the greatest likelihood
      of unfavorable outcomes, the addition of nifedipine is of significant
      benefit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6378423
TI  - Efficacy and safety of timolol for prevention of supraventricular
      tachyarrhythmias after coronary artery bypass surgery.
AB  - Forty-one patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were randomly
      assigned to receive prophylactic timolol or placebo, given in a double-blind
      fashion. beta-Adrenoceptor-blocking therapy was stopped at least one half-life
      before surgery. Three to 7 hr after surgery (304 +/- 56 min), 0.5 mg of timolol
      or placebo was given intravenously twice daily in a double-blind manner. When
      oral medications were resumed postoperatively, 10 mg of timolol twice daily or
      placebo was continued orally. Continuous electrocardiograms were recorded for 24
      hr before and for 7 days after surgery with a standard cassette recorder. No
      patient received digoxin. Both groups were comparable for frequency of
      preoperative supraventricular arrhythmias, left ventricular ejection fraction,
      duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, aortic cross-clamp time, number of bypass
      grafts, and total duration of monitoring. Analysis of arrhythmias was done by
      hand counts, and supraventricular arrhythmias were divided into supraventricular
      tachycardia and atrial fibrillation and/or flutter. Timolol decreased the
      frequency of supraventricular tachycardia (581 episodes placebo vs 84 timolol; p
      less than .05) and of atrial fibrillation and/or flutter (291 episodes placebo vs
      five timolol; p less than .05). Timolol decreased the number of patients with
      severe (heart rate greater than 200 beats/min, duration greater than 50 beats)
      episodes of supraventricular tachycardia (four placebo vs 0 timolol; p less than
      .05) and also decreased the number of episodes of severe (heart rate greater than
      200 beats/min, duration greater than 5 min) atrial fibrillation and/or flutter
      (16 placebo vs one timolol; p less than .005). There were differences in the
      durations of supraventricular arrhythmias.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6378424
TI  - Heart transplant rejection monitored by signal-averaged electrocardiography in
      patients receiving cyclosporine.
AB  - Data from standard and high-frequency signal-averaged electrocardiograms (ECGs)
      were correlated with the results of 67 endomyocardial biopsies performed in 20
      cyclosporine-treated heart transplant recipients. Eight patients (group 1) were
      in the early postoperative hospitalization period and 12 patients (group 2) were
      studied after their hospital discharge. The biopsy samples were classified as
      normal or as indicating early (cellular infiltrate) or definite rejection
      (myocyte necrosis). The standard ECG parameter studied was the summated QRS
      voltage in leads I, II, III, V1, and V6. The signal-averaged ECG was evaluated
      for QRS duration, high-frequency voltage amplitude of the total QRS complex and
      of its three thirds, peak QRS voltage amplitude, and QRS integrated voltage-time
      product. The ECG recording obtained at the time of a first normal biopsy sample
      was considered the normal reference to which additional tracings from the same
      patient were compared. At the time of subsequent biopsies, the standard ECG
      parameter showed poor reproducibility (r = .58) and it was inadequate in defining
      rejection episodes in the early or late postoperative period. The signal-averaged
      ECG was more reproducible (r = .83) and more accurate in detecting definite
      rejection during the late posttransplant period than the standard ECG. In group 2
      patients, 92% of abnormal signal-averaged ECG recordings were associated with
      rejection episodes and only 13% of normal tracings were associated with definite
      rejection. The method was inadequate, however, in monitoring patients during the
      early postoperative period and in detecting mild forms of rejection in the late
      postoperative phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6378425
TI  - Homograft aortic root replacement for complicated prosthetic valve endocarditis.
AB  - Ten patients with late-onset prosthetic valve endocarditis, uncontrolled sepsis,
      and aortic root abscesses underwent homograft aortic root replacement with
      reimplantation of the coronary arteries. There were two perioperative deaths. The
      necrotizing endocarditis was cured in all eight survivors, who have been followed
      from 6 to 132 months (mean 3 1/2 years). Two of these patients are having
      symptoms caused by biological valve malfunction; excellent clinical and
      hemodynamic results have been obtained in the remaining six patients. Homograft
      aortic root replacement excludes the root abscesses and the weakened infected
      aortic anulus from the high systemic pressures and permits suturing to a bed of
      the aortic root in continuity with healthy myocardium. This operation provides an
      alternative technique to the management of selected patients with active
      prosthetic infection and destruction of the aortic ring by sepsis.

PMID- 6378426
TI  - Severe superior vena cava syndrome and hydrocephalus after the Mustard procedure:
      findings and a new surgical approach.
AB  - Some degree of obstruction of the superior vena cava is common after the Mustard
      operation for transposition of the great arteries. This can cause superior vena
      cava syndrome, which in extreme cases may lead to hydrocephalus in young
      children. While revision of the intra-atrial baffle can be performed, this
      procedure is associated with significant morbidity and mortality and may not
      resolve the problem. We describe an alternative operative approach in a group of
      patients who had superior vena cava syndrome after the Mustard procedure:
      anastomosis of the innominate vein to the left atrial appendage. This procedure
      is not complicated to perform and is safe; symptoms were relieved in all
      patients.

PMID- 6378427
TI  - Improved determination of cytochrome b5 in human erythrocytes.
AB  - A sensitive, precise enzymic/spectrophotometric method for determining cytochrome
      b5 in small amounts of blood is described. Mean values for healthy individuals,
      ages 20 to 70 years, were 0.26 (SD 0.03) mumol per liter of erythrocytes or 0.87
      (SD 0.14) nmol per gram of hemoglobin. We believe the assay is preferable to
      methods described hitherto, primarily because of its high sensitivity.

PMID- 6378429
TI  - Positive diphenhydramine interference in the EMIT-d.a.u. assay.

PMID- 6378428
TI  - Diagnostic efficacy of a new enzyme immunoassay for creatine kinase MB isoenzyme.
AB  - A new commercial enzyme immunoassay kit for quantification of creatine kinase-MB
      (CK-MB) isoenzyme was compared with its electrophoretic determination with
      respect to efficacy in diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Enzygnost CK-MB
      (Behring Diagnostics) is a solid-phase "sandwich"-type enzyme immunoassay with
      antibodies to the B-subunit coated on plastic tubes and peroxidase-conjugated
      antibodies to the M-subunit added after incubation with sample. This kit is
      designed to measure only CK-MB and not CK-MM, CK-BB, adenylate kinase, or
      atypical CK molecules. The linear-regression equation comparing the two methods
      was: Enzygnost = 0.98 . electrophoresis - 0.72, with a correlation coefficient of
      r = 0.967 (n = 143). For 51 patients admitted for diagnosis of possible acute
      myocardial infarction, the Enzygnost kit achieved 100% sensitivity, specificity,
      and efficiency in predicting the correct diagnosis. Corresponding values for the
      electrophoretic assay were: 95.5% sensitivity, 93.1% specificity, and 94.1%
      efficiency. We conclude that this kit method provides an excellent alternative to
      electrophoresis.

PMID- 6378430
TI  - Mass spectrometry and clinical chemistry.

PMID- 6378431
TI  - Separation of free and antibody-bound insulin in plasma using a bench
      ultracentrifuge (Beckman 'Airfuge').

PMID- 6378432
TI  - Glomerulosa failure in congenital adrenocortical unresponsiveness to ACTH.
AB  - We report two children of a family with congenital adrenocortical
      unresponsiveness to ACTH. Repeated stimulation of the adrenal by Synthetic 1-24
      ACTH (Synacthen) failed to increase cortisol secretion, but produced significant
      rises of serum aldosterone. This was, however, associated with increased plasma
      renin activity. Only when the renin-angiotensin effect was eliminated, by a
      converting enzyme blocker, did Synacthen fail to affect serum aldosterone. These
      data support the view that glucocorticoid deficiency in this disorder results
      from unresponsiveness to ACTH and that development of the zona glomerulosa and
      normal aldosterone secretion is achieved by action of the renin-angiotensin
      system.

PMID- 6378433
TI  - Effect of androgens on plasma somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I
      responses to growth hormone.
AB  - In search of the mechanism for the relatively high plasma somatomedin-C (Sm-C)
      concentrations in pubertal boys and girls, we have measured the plasma Sm-C
      responses to exogenous growth hormone (GH) in prepubertal hypopituitary boys
      before and after testosterone administration. Sm-C responses were determined in 5
      hypopituitary boys (9-14 years of age) who were given two successive injections
      of GH (0.1 U/kg) 48 h apart. Eight days later, after administering 200 mg
      testosterone IM, their Sm-C responses to the same GH challenge were reassessed.
      There were no significant differences between the pre-testosterone Sm-C response
      to GH and the post-testosterone response, despite evidence for reductions in 24 h
      urinary nitrogen excretion and serum urea nitrogen concentrations in response to
      testosterone. The results provide no evidence that androgen augments the effect
      of GH to raise plasma Sm-C during puberty, or that androgen has a direct
      stimulatory effect on Sm-C production. By inference and from published reports,
      it appears more likely that a sex hormone-stimulated increase in GH secretion is
      responsible for the increased Sm-C observed during puberty.

PMID- 6378434
TI  - Factors in the control of plasma renin activity and concentration in Type 1
      (insulin-dependent) diabetes.
AB  - Possible factors involved in the control of plasma renin activity (PRA) and
      concentration (PRC) have been analysed in 49 patients with long-standing Type 1
      diabetes and in 40 healthy controls matched for age and sex. Eighteen of the
      diabetic subjects were clinically free of all microvascular and macrovascular
      complications of their disease (Group A); 31 had proliferative retinopathy (Group
      B). Both lying and standing PRA and PRC were similar in Group A and healthy
      controls. Mean PRA was 50-115% higher in Group B diabetics than in controls (P
      less than 0.001 supine and erect) and 50-70% higher than in Group A diabetics (P
      less than 0.05 supine and erect); PRC also was 60% higher in Group B than in
      Group A (P less than 0.05 supine and erect). Control subjects showed significant
      falls in both PRA and PRC with increasing age, while Groups A and B showed
      significant falls in PRA or PRC with age. Group A showed a significant inverse
      correlation between systolic blood pressure and supine PRC (r = -0.57), but this
      was not significant in the controls and was completely absent in Group B. With
      correction for the effect of age there were significant relationships of PRA and
      PRC with sodium excretion in the controls and in Group A, but not in Group B. PRA
      and PRC are thus normal in uncomplicated long-standing Type 1 diabetes, but
      regulation of renin secretion appears to be impaired in patients with
      microvascular disease. Renin secretion inappropriate to their blood pressure and
      sodium status may contribute to maintenance of their relative hypertension.

PMID- 6378436
TI  - Phaeochromocytoma with hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia.

PMID- 6378435
TI  - Cholinergic regulation of pancreatic polypeptide secretion in chronic renal
      failure.
AB  - Secretion of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is regulated mainly by cholinergic
      mechanisms and we have studied this in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF).
      Basal serum PP concentrations in 25 patients with CRF (401 +/- 80; 116-2100
      pmol/l; mean +/- SEM and range) were significantly higher than in 65 normal
      subjects (33 +/- 2; 21-120 pmol/l, P less than 0.001). Ingestion of a standard
      test meal induced significantly larger increases in serum PP in 11 patients with
      CRF (304 +/- 45; 155-640 pmol/l) than in 11 normal subjects (140 +/- 33; 51-440
      pmol/l, P less than 0.005). Insulin-hypoglycaemia (0.1 U/kg i.v.) provoked
      similar increases in serum PP in five patients with CRF (404 +/- 79; 170-665
      pmol/l) as in five normal subjects (449 +/- 92; 180-706 pmol/l). Administration
      of atropine (1 mg i.v.) did not normalize the elevated basal serum PP
      concentrations in five patients with CRF. On the other hand, administration of
      the same dose of atropine 60 min after ingestion of food decreased postprandial
      serum PP levels to basal values within one hour both in five patients with CRF
      and in six normal subjects. Sephadex G-50 column chromatography of basal,
      postprandial and post-atropine sera from three patients with CRF revealed at
      least three different molecular forms. The PP peak coeluting with the 4200
      molecular weight human PP standard comprised more than half of total PP
      immunoreactivity and was the only peak to be influenced by feeding or atropine.
      We conclude that in patients with CRF, PP secretion stimulated by cholinergic
      mechanisms is normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6378437
TI  - Effects of indomethacin, sulindac, naproxen, aspirin, and paracetamol in treated
      hypertensive patients.
AB  - Four placebo controlled, randomised crossover studies were carried out to
      investigate the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics
      on blood pressure control in treated hypertensive patients. Twelve patients
      completed one study comparing indomethacin, 25 mg tds, with placebo in 2 six week
      phases; there were increases in mean blood pressure (p less than 0.01) of 9 mm Hg
      (casual), 8 mm Hg (supine) and 10 mm Hg (standing) in the indomethacin phase
      accompanied by a 50% reduction in plasma renin activity (p less than 0.05) and a
      47% decrease in plasma aldosterone concentration (p less than 0.05). Similar
      studies on aspirin-SR, 650 mg daily (19 patients), and paracetamol, 1 g 8th
      hourly (20 patients), revealed only small changes in blood pressure, with a 2 mm
      Hg increase in supine diastolic blood pressure during aspirin therapy and a 4 mm
      Hg increase in supine and standing systolic blood pressure during paracetamol
      therapy (p less than 0.05 for both). Nineteen patients completed a study with 4
      three week phases, taking placebo, naproxen 250 mg mane and 500 mg nocte,
      sulindac 200 mg bd, and aspirin-SR 1950 mg bd. All three active agents depressed
      plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration. Neither sulindac nor
      aspirin caused any significant increases in blood pressure, and naproxen had
      little effect, though it did cause a 4 mm Hg increase in standing systolic
      pressure (p less than 0.05). We conclude that the effects of indomethacin on
      control of blood pressure in treated hypertensive patients are not exhibited to
      the same extent by other drugs investigated, and that they are not dependent on
      the concomitant decreases in plasma renin activity or plasma aldosterone
      concentration. The importance of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis remains
      unclear.

PMID- 6378438
TI  - Supine and standing plasma catecholamines in essential hypertensive patients with
      different renin levels.
AB  - In this study we measured plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma norepinephrine (NE)
      and epinephrine (E), heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) in 89 supine (sup)
      essential hypertensive patients (pts), WHO I-II, after 3-5 days of fixed normal
      sodium and potassium intake; the same measurements were repeated after 30' of
      active standing (stand) in 44/89 pts. In the whole population NE was directly
      related to PRA, both in sup and in stand position (p less than 0.01). NE was
      above the upper limits of normotensive controls in 2/34 (6%) pts with low PRA, in
      6/40 (17%) pts with normal PRA and in 6/15 (40%) pts with high PRA. In respect to
      normal PRA pts, HR was significantly lower in low PRA pts and higher in high PRA
      pts, both in sup and in stand position (p less than 0.05). Sup and stand NE and E
      were similar in low and normal PRA pts, while they were significantly higher in
      high PRA pts (p less than 0.05). These results suggest an increased adrenergic
      tone at least in some high PRA pts, and blunted responsiveness of renal and
      cardiac beta adrenergic receptors to adrenergic stimuli in low PRA pts.

PMID- 6378439
TI  - The effect of a non-selective lipophilic beta-blocker on the blood pressure and
      noradrenaline, vasopressin, cortisol and renin release during alcohol withdrawal.
AB  - Alcoholics during detoxification have elevated blood pressures which are related
      to the severity of their withdrawal symptoms. We studied the effect of a non
      selective beta-blocker, timolol on symptoms, blood pressure and plasma levels of
      cortisol (PC), noradrenaline (NA), vasopressin (AVP) and renin activity (PRA)
      during alcohol withdrawal. Eighteen alcoholics, admitted for detoxification, were
      randomly allocated to timolol or placebo in a double blind trial. Alcohol
      withdrawal symptoms did not differ either before or after timolol or placebo but
      patients receiving timolol required less sedation with chlormethiazole. Systolic
      blood pressures (SBP) and pulse both fell significantly during detoxification in
      both groups, the change being greater with timolol. Plasma levels of cortisol,
      NA, AVP and PRA fell significantly, though only NA and PC correlated with initial
      SBP. Timolol had no effect on any of the biochemical parameters observed. The
      pressor response to alcohol withdrawal is reduced by beta-blockade and the height
      of the blood pressure is related to plasma NA and PC levels. Alcohol withdrawal
      hypertension is probably due to increased sympathetic activity.

PMID- 6378440
TI  - The effects of chronic treatment with captopril in spontaneously hypertensive
      rats (SHR) and their offspring.
AB  - Ten consanguine monogamous SHR couples (G1) were treated from their 5th to their
      37th week of age with captopril, 50 mg/kg/day i.p. Male rats were treated without
      interruption. Treatment was withheld in female rats from delivery to weaning.
      They were compared to ten similar SHR couples which were only daily i.p. injected
      with the same volume of solvent. Second (G2) generation rats (untreated) were
      studied. In G1 rats, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart weight/body weight
      (HW/BW) ratio were decreased, while heart rate (HR) was not changed. Plasma renin
      activity remained unchanged at 37 weeks of age though the treatment was
      effective. Parental treatment did not reduce SBP and HW/BW ratio in G2 rats. This
      indicates that reduction of hypertension in SHR is not enough to prevent
      hypertension development in the offspring of the treated rats.

PMID- 6378441
TI  - Epidemiology of peptic ulcer disease.
AB  - In the United States about four million people have active peptic ulcers and
      about 350,000 new cases are diagnosed each year. Four times as many duodenal
      ulcers as gastric ulcers are diagnosed. Approximately 3000 deaths per year in the
      United States are due to duodenal ulcer and 3000 to gastric ulcer. There has been
      a marked decrease in reported hospitalization and mortality rates for peptic
      ulcer in the United States. Changes in criteria for selecting the underlying
      cause of death might account for some of the apparent decrease in ulcer mortality
      rates. Hospitalization rates for duodenal ulcers decreased nearly 50 per cent
      from 1970 to 1978, but hospitalization rates for gastric ulcers did not decrease.
      Although this decrease in hospitalization rates may reflect a decrease in
      duodenal ulcer disease incidence, it appears that changes in coding practices,
      hospitalization criteria, and diagnostic procedures have contributed to the
      reported declines in peptic ulcer hospitalization and mortality rates. There is
      no good evidence to support the popular belief that peptic ulcer is most common
      in the spring and autumn. The most consistent pattern appears to be low ulcer
      rates in the summer. There is strong evidence that cigarette smoking, regular use
      of aspirin, and prolonged use of steroids are associated with the development of
      peptic ulcer. There is some evidence that coffee and aspirin substitutes may
      affect ulcers, but most studies do not implicate alcohol, food, or psychological
      stress as causes of ulcer disease. Genetic factors play a role in both duodenal
      and gastric ulcer. The first-degree relatives of patients with duodenal ulcer
      have a two- to threefold increase in risk of getting duodenal ulcer and relatives
      of gastric ulcer patients have a similarly increased risk of getting a gastric
      ulcer. About half of the patients with duodenal ulcer have elevated plasma
      pepsinogen I. A small increase in risk of duodenal ulcer is found in persons with
      blood group O and in subjects who fail to secrete blood group antigens into the
      saliva. In most Western countries, morbidity from duodenal ulcer is more common
      than from gastric ulcer, even though deaths from gastric ulcer exceed or equal
      those from duodenal ulcer. In Japan, both morbidity and mortality are higher for
      gastric ulcer than for duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 6378442
TI  - Gastroduodenal defence mechanisms.
AB  - In the healthy stomach and duodenum aggressive factors such as luminal acid and
      pepsin are balanced by defence and repair processes. In recent years components
      of the mucosal defences which have been identified include the layer of mucus gel
      adherent to the surface of these mucosae, surface epithelial alkali secretion,
      mucosal blood flow and the supply of bicarbonate to the surface epithelium as
      well as the processes involved in rapid mucosal repair. Secretion of alkali
      maintains the pH within the mucus gel on the epithelial cell surface at
      neutrality, in spite of luminal pHs as low as 1.5 to 2.0. Alkali secretion is
      stimulated up to ten-fold by luminal acid. This response is mediated by
      endogenous production of prostaglandins, humoral factors and, possibly, by
      nervous mechanisms. Impairment of the response results in mucosal ulceration. The
      mucus layer (approximately 200 micron deep in man) provides an unstirred zone at
      the mucosal surface in which diffusing is delayed, allowing time for secreted HCO
      3 to neutralize acid diffusing toward the mucosa. In addition mucus is
      impermeable to pepsin. During secretion of H+ ions, HCO-3 is produced, and
      secreted by the surface epithelium. Stimulation of acid secretion increases the
      ability of gastric mucosa to resist acid and pepsin, presumably by providing more
      HCO-3. Parenteral HCO-3 (but not other buffer species) provides similar
      protection to both the gastric and duodenal mucosae. The remarkably rapid
      reconstitution of the surface epithelium, within 30 minutes after acute
      superficial damage, is clearly an important 'defence' mechanism. Studies of the
      control of these defence and repair mechanisms should provide a greater
      understanding of common gastroduodenal diseases.

PMID- 6378443
TI  - Analysis of endoscopy and radiography in the diagnosis, follow-up and treatment
      of peptic ulcer disease.

PMID- 6378444
TI  - Gastroduodenal damage due to drugs, alcohol and smoking.
AB  - In man, convincing data have been obtained in short-term observations that some
      drugs can cause acute gastroduodenal damage including gastritis and erosions.
      Useful clinical and epidemiological studies on the relationship between these
      acute lesions and peptic ulceration, and between the chronic ingestion of these
      drugs and peptic ulceration or massive upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage are,
      however, rare. Even for the most widely used and studied greatest offender-
      acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)--an association with major bleeding or gastric
      ulceration could only be established for frequent and heavy ASA intake. The
      percentage of those ASA users who will experience such a serious event each year
      is about 0.01 to 0.05 per cent. By the use of special (e.g. enteric-coated) ASA
      formulations and other precautions, this low rate may be further reduced.
      Although for most of the other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs),
      anecdotal reports on putative drug-related major gastric bleeding or peptic
      ulceration exist, the ulcerogenicity of these drugs has not yet been conclusively
      proven in controlled studies. Some of the newer NSAIDs seem at normal dosage to
      be far less damaging than traditional ASA or indomethacin. Glucocorticoids might
      enhance ulcer risk to a minor extent when administered at high dosage for
      prolonged periods to susceptible individuals. Chronic moderate alcohol
      consumption by itself does not seem to increase the liability to peptic
      ulceration. With highly concentrated alcoholic beverages, gastric bleeding from
      acute lesions may, however, be occasionally precipitated under certain
      circumstances, such as when unbuffered ASA is taken concomitantly. Smoking of
      cigarettes is associated, and perhaps causally related, with an increased
      incidence of gastric and duodenal ulcerations, impaired ulcer healing, and more
      frequent ulcer recurrences. Duodenal ulcer patients in particular should be
      advised to stop smoking.

PMID- 6378446
TI  - Sucralfate, bismuth compounds, substituted benzimidazoles, trimipramine and
      pirenzepine in the short- and long-term treatment of duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 6378445
TI  - Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of duodenal ulcer.
AB  - Much epidemiological, clinical, and pathophysiological evidence has accumulated
      to indicate that the aetiology of duodenal ulcer is heterogeneous (Table 8).
      Recent advances in the medical therapy of duodenal ulcer support the long held
      concept that hyperacidity is an important physiological abnormality in the
      majority of patients with duodenal ulcer. It can also be shown that the origin of
      hyperacidity is heterogeneous. Certain specific physiological abnormalities that
      lead to hyperacidity may have a genetic basis. The various physiological
      abnormalities, alone or in combination, may lead to two final common pathways:
      abnormally large meal-stimulated acid secretion, and nocturnal acid
      hypersecretion. Indeed, success of medical therapy aiming at the control of
      postprandial acid secretion or of nocturnal acid secretion strongly supports
      their significance. It is possible that hyperacidity occurs as a temporary
      phenomenon and is associated with stressful life events. However, it is also
      possible that it occurs as a constant abnormality, bestowed perhaps genetically
      on the duodenal ulcer patient. In the presence of hyperacidity, mucosal repair
      may be affected adversely. In either situation, an acute ulcer, such as that
      associated with stress, is allowed to develop into a full-blown ulcer. Healing
      takes place if the hyperacidity recedes or is reduced therapeutically, allowing
      normal mucosal repair to take place.

PMID- 6378447
TI  - Evaluation of surgical treatment of duodenal ulcer: short- and long-term effects.

PMID- 6378448
TI  - Childhood cicatricial pemphigoid with linear IgA deposits.

PMID- 6378449
TI  - Sir Norman Walker.

PMID- 6378451
TI  - Genetic control of in vitro natural cell-mediated activity against Salmonella
      typhimurium by intestinal and splenic lymphoid cells in mice.
AB  - In vitro natural anti-bacterial activity against Salmonella typhimurium by
      lymphocytes from Peyer's patches and spleens was assessed in several mouse
      strains. C3H/HeN and CBA/J mice, which are resistant to S. typhimurium
      infections, showed a natural anti-bacterial activity significantly higher than
      BALB/c, C57BL/10, C57BL/6 and C3H/HeJ mice, i.e. strains susceptible to the in
      vivo bacterial infection. In these susceptible strains and also in A/J mice, a
      significantly higher natural activity was observed in females compared to males.
      The sex control of natural anti-bacterial activity was further stressed by the
      fact that orchidectomy could induce a strong activity in low responder C57BL/10
      male mice. With the exception of Beige mice, a low natural killer (NK) strain
      also with no natural activity against S. typhimurium in both sexes, the genetic
      distribution of natural anti-bacterial activity was extremely different from that
      of the NK activity. Thus, these results further stress the difference between
      natural anti-bacterial activity and NK cytotoxicity. Furthermore, our data
      establish a possible link, although with some exceptions, between in vivo
      susceptibility to S. typhimurium infections and in vitro natural activity against
      these bacteria.

PMID- 6378450
TI  - A controlled trial of treatment of acquired immunodeficiency in severe measles
      with thymic humoral factor.
AB  - A randomized controlled trial of treatment with thymic humoral factor (THF) in 20
      children with severe complicated acute measles infection, resulted in objective
      benefit as evidenced by improvement in the ESR and a fall in C-reactive protein,
      fewer complications and a reduced incidence of secondary herpes infection. An
      increased ratio of helper to suppressor T cells (OKT4/OKT8 ratio) and a greater
      lymphocyte transformation response to phytohaemagglutin was seen in those
      children receiving THF. We conclude that THF treatment helps to prevent the
      development of complications particularly secondary viral infections possibly by
      enhancing cell-mediated immune responses.

PMID- 6378452
TI  - Immunochemical characterization of Mycobacterium leprae antigens by the SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis immunoperoxidase technique (SGIP) using
      patients' sera.
AB  - In this study the SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis immunoperoxidase (SGIP)
      assay was used for characterizing the antigenic components of Mycobacterium
      leprae using patients' sera. This technique involved the separation of
      mycobacterial sonicates on SDS-polyacrylamide gels, longitudinal sectioning of
      the gels, incubation with patients' sera and visualization of the antigen
      antibody complexes by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. A number of
      antigens present in M. leprae sonicates were recognized by leprosy patients'
      sera, some of which were seen in other mycobacteria as well. Antibody binding to
      a 33 kD antigen, present in both M. leprae and BCG sonicates, was reduced only in
      the latter after 6 months of multiple drug treatment of one patient. It is
      suggested that this is a common mycobacterial antigen with one or more M. leprae
      specific determinants. Several antigens were identified only in M. leprae
      sonicates, only by leprosy patients: a 12, 22, 28, 36, 41 and 86 kD component.
      These antigens lost their antigenicity after trypsin treatment, but were heat
      stable. Such M. leprae specific antigens may be useful for immunodiagnosis.

PMID- 6378453
TI  - C-reactive protein and apoB containing lipoproteins are associated with
      Mycobacterium leprae in lesions of human leprosy.
AB  - Skin biopsies from patients with leprosy across the spectrum from tuberculoid
      (TT) to lepromatous (LL), including histoid lepromas and erythema nodosum
      leprosum (ENL) reactions, were stained immunohistochemically for the presence of
      C-reactive protein (CRP) and the apolipoprotein, apoB. Mycobacterium leprae
      bacillary material comprising cell walls, cytoplasmic and soluble components was
      present with increasing abundance towards the lepromatous end of the spectrum and
      always stained positively with anti-CRP. M. leprae from armadillos did not stain
      with anti-human CRP indicating that the staining of M. leprae in human tissues
      was not due to a cross-reaction between anti-CRP and the organism itself. When
      CRP was present in large amounts apoB was also demonstrated in the same
      distribution. CRP was detected on bacilli and their degradation products within
      the cytoplasm of macrophages even in the absence of a raised serum CRP level in
      some ENL patients and also in two cases of advanced resolving lepromas. These
      findings demonstrate remarkable persistence of CRP in association with M. leprae
      in vivo, and raise intriguing questions about the possible role of CRP in
      relation to the handling of leprosy bacilli.

PMID- 6378455
TI  - In vitro effects of human lipoproteins on the immune system in healthy donors:
      inhibition of plaque forming cell generation and decreased frequency of NK cells.
AB  - The effects of human high density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins and very
      low density lipoproteins on spontaneous plaque forming cell (PFC) generation have
      been evaluated in healthy donors. Additionally, natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity
      using either 51Cr release assay or agarose single cell system has been studied
      under identical experimental conditions. A significant inhibition of spontaneous
      PFC capacity was observed. Furthermore, lipoprotein (LP) pre-treatment led to a
      reduced frequency of cells mediating NK cytotoxic activity as shown by the
      decreased binding capacity, even if the killing function was per se not affected.
      Taken together, these results suggest an inhibitory role for human LP on certain
      immune functions, likely related to the imbalance of lymphocyte metabolic
      pathway.

PMID- 6378456
TI  - Surface bound or cytoplasmic immunoglobulins: interpretation of the
      immunofluorescence observed in cytocentrifuge slides of human lymphocytes.
AB  - Results of immunofluorescence observations in the study of normal and malignant
      blood lymphocytes are described. Data which support the proposition that most
      membrane bound immunoglobulin molecules are stable enough to remain intact during
      cytocentrifuge slide preparation are presented. Therefore not all positive cells
      in a fixed cytocentrifuge slide should be considered as containing cytoplasmic
      immunoglobulins. A correct interpretation is essential because of its bearing on
      our concepts of B lymphocyte differentiation.

PMID- 6378454
TI  - Human neutrophils require activation by mononuclear leucocyte conditioned medium
      to kill the pathogenic free-living amoeba, Naegleria fowleri.
AB  - Naegleria fowleri is a free-living amoeba which causes a fulminant and rapidly
      fatal meningoencephalitis in man. Human neutrophils fail to kill the amoeba in
      vitro, but can do so if they are exposed to conditioned medium (CM) from PHA
      stimulated mononuclear leucocytes (MNLs). Specific antibody or complement was
      required to effect amoeba killing by CM modified neutrophils. Only short time
      exposure of the leucocytes to CM was required to endow them with amoebicidal
      properties. The CM was also shown to contain neutrophil migration inhibition
      activity and an activity(ies) which induced a respiratory burst in neutrophils.
      The results highlight the importance of MNL products other than specific antibody
      in neutrophil anti-microbial activity.

PMID- 6378458
TI  - Survival of Mycobacterium lepraemurium in C57BL mice after acquired protective
      immunity.
AB  - The protective immune response against Mycobacterium lepraemurium (MLM) in C57BL
      mice has been shown to stop the increase in bacillary numbers and the
      dissemination of bacilli, but the acid fast bacilli are not cleared from the
      tissues. Persistence of viable bacilli was indicated by a significant increase in
      the number of acid fast bacilli in the footpad of C57BL mice that were treated
      with cortisone acetate several weeks after the onset of the immune response.
      Bacilli harvested 9 and 16 days after inoculation into immune C57BL mice showed
      only a marginally detectable loss of viability as determined by bacillary
      multiplication after transfer into susceptible C3H mice. Twenty-six weeks after
      being inoculated into immune C57BL mice a small proportion of the bacilli was
      found still to be alive. A similar finding was done 15 weeks after primary
      inoculation of MLM into mice that developed an apparently effective protective
      immune response 4 weeks after being inoculated. Sixty-seven weeks after
      inoculation of immunized C57BL mice with MLM, bacillary numbers in the footpad
      were as with patent immunity, but the bacilli were found to be fully viable,
      suggesting incipient reactivation of the infection. When bacillary numbers were
      followed over a period of 52 weeks in the organs of normal C57BL mice inoculated
      with a low dose of bacilli it was found that after a plateau phase bacillary
      numbers started to increase again. Thus, in all experiments part of the bacillary
      population had survived the protective immune response against MLM in C57BL mice.

PMID- 6378457
TI  - Altered immunity and diabetes in the BB rat.

PMID- 6378459
TI  - Surface IgG subclasses in human B cell lymphomas as revealed by monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - IgG subclass expression on cells from lymph node biopsies of 17 sIgG positive B
      cell lymphomas has been studied. Subclass specific monoclonal antibodies were
      used in an immunoradiometric assay. Ten were also tested by immunofluorescence
      using a biotin-avidin system. Thirteen of the lymphomas expressed IgG only, while
      four co-expressed other Ig isotypes. Morphological investigations revealed that
      14 lymphomas originated from germinal centre cells. IgG1 was found to be dominant
      subclass in 10 lymphomas, IgG3 in seven, IgG2 in one, while none expressed IgG4.
      Multiple IgG subclasses could not be detected in any of the lymphomas tested.

PMID- 6378460
TI  - Evaluation of the presence of circulating immune complexes and their relationship
      to glomerular IgG deposits in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AB  - Circulating immune complexes (CIC) have been postulated to contribute to the
      development of secondary complications in diabetes mellitus. In this study, CIC
      were measured in control rats and both insulin deficient and insulin treated
      streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. CIC were more prevalent in both groups of
      diabetic rats as determined by the fluid and solid phase Clq binding assays. By
      42 days after induction of diabetes, 80% of insulin deficient and 50% of insulin
      treated rats had detectable CIC by either/or both assays. As determined by direct
      immunofluorescence, there was progressive accumulation of rat IgG in the
      glomerular mesangium. The presence of CIC paralleled the glomerular deposition of
      IgG. The relationship of circulating insulin levels to the clearance of CIC and
      the glomerular deposition of IgG is discussed.

PMID- 6378461
TI  - Diffusible suppressor factor from splenic macrophages in murine plasmacytoma.
AB  - The immunosuppressive effect of splenic macrophages (M phi) in mice bearing
      plasmacytoma was previously shown to be mediated by a diffusible factor. This
      diffusible suppressor factor (DSF) was found to be non-dialysable and sensitive
      to heating to 56 degrees C and to the proteolytic action of trypsin. The
      suppressor factor could be removed from culture supernatants by binding to
      ligands that specifically bind to corresponding myeloma proteins. DSF from
      splenic suppressor M phi of mice bearing MOPC 315 was capable of binding
      dinitrophenyl L-lysine, and that from mice bearing MOPC 104E, dextran S. The
      suppressor factor apparently cross-reacted with anti-idiotypic antibody to the
      corresponding myeloma protein, but did not interact with anti-isotypic antibody
      to mouse immunoglobulins (Ig). A higher concentration of mouse Ig than that found
      in DSF preparations did not have a suppressive effect. Metabolic inhibitors for
      RNA and protein, but not DNA synthesis effectively blocked the production of DSF.
      These findings suggest that DSF is a non-Ig protein that may have a structural
      similarity to myeloma idiotype. Continuous RNA and protein synthesis is required
      for the elaboration of DSF by splenic suppressor M phi in cultures.

PMID- 6378462
TI  - Isolation of an eosinophil chemotactic lymphokine as a natural mediator for
      eosinophil chemotaxis from concanavalin A-induced skin reaction sites in guinea
      pigs.
AB  - An intradermal injection with 20 micrograms concanavalin A (Con A) induce a
      marked tissue eosinophilia peaking at 24 h after the injection in guinea-pigs.
      Two different eosinophil chemotactic factors (ECFs) were isolated from the Con A
      induced skin reaction sites. A non-dialysable ECF with mol. wt of about 70,000
      closely resembled delayed ECF-a, which had been isolated from active cutaneous
      anaphylactic skin lesions and confirmed to be a product of T lymphocytes by
      antigenic stimulation, by virtue of the antigenicity, the chromatographic
      profiles on Sephadex G-100 and on DEAE-Sephadex, affinity to Con A-Sepharose, and
      other physicochemical properties. The activity of the factor paralleled the
      intensity of tissue eosinophilia, suggesting that the factor may function for the
      tissue eosinophilia as a natural mediator. Although another ECF with a low mol.
      wt (dialysable) was isolated from the same skin lesions, the dialysable factor
      may not contribute to the tissue eosinophilia because the activity of the factor
      paralleled the intensity of tissue basophilia but not that of eosinophilia.

PMID- 6378464
TI  - Haemodynamic and hormonal effects of prazosin on head-up tilt in essential
      hypertensive patients: comparison with those of propranolol.
AB  - To evaluate the haemodynamic and hormonal effects of prazosin, head-up tilt was
      performed in 10 essential hypertensive patients, and these effects of prazosin on
      the tilt were compared with those of propranolol. The tilts were performed in
      control phase and the last days of treatment for two weeks with propranolol (90
      mg/day) or prazosin (3-6 mg/day). Each drug significantly lowered the mean blood
      pressure at rest, and also suppressed its rise on the tilt. Heart rates were
      significantly increased by the tilt in the control phase, in the propranolol
      phase and in the prazosin phase. Cardiac index was significantly reduced by the
      tilt from 2.66 (s.e.m. = 0.22) 1/min per m2 to 2.08 (s.e.m. = 0.20) in the
      propranolol phase. However, there were not significant changes in other phases.
      Total peripheral resistance indices were significantly increased by the tilt in
      all three phases. Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone were significantly
      increased by the tilt from 2.14 (s.e.m. = 0.47) ng/ml per h to 2.46 (s.e.m. =
      0.54) and from 50.6 (s.e.m. = 12.9) pg/ml to 74.9 (s.e.m. = 14.9) respectively,
      in the control phase. And they were also significantly increased from 1.06
      (s.e.m. = 0.29) to 1.65 (s.e.m. = 0.45) and from 41.4 (s.e.m. = 16.3) to 54.0
      (s.e.m. = 17.4) in the prazosin phase. There were no significant increases during
      the administration of propranolol. We observed that prazosin did not alter heart
      rate and cardiac index, but suppressed the renin-angiotensin system at rest. It
      is suggested that prazosin did not influence haemodynamic and hormonal responses
      to the tilt.

PMID- 6378463
TI  - Antibodies to gliadin, gluten and reticulin glycoprotein in rheumatic diseases:
      elevated levels in Sjogren's syndrome.
AB  - An enzyme immunoassay was used to measure circulating antibodies to gluten,
      gliadin and to 'reticulin glycoprotein' in 25 patients with Sjogren's syndrome
      (SS), in 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis without SS and in 19 patients with
      systemic lupus erythematosus without SS. Antibody levels to these three antigens
      were significantly higher in SS than in the other groups. In SS the level of
      antibodies to 'reticulin glycoprotein' correlated positively with the levels of
      antibodies to both gliadin and to gluten but not with the level of antibodies to
      SS-B antigen. Patients with primary SS had higher antibody levels to 'reticulin
      glycoprotein' than had patients with secondary SS, whereas no significant
      difference between primary and secondary SS was found in the levels of the
      antibodies to gliadin or to gluten. Circulating antibodies to gliadin, gluten and
      'reticulin glycoprotein' have not been previously recognized in SS. Their
      occurrence suggests that small bowel injury may be a common finding in SS.

PMID- 6378465
TI  - Acute effects of cold on blood pressure, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system,
      catecholamines and adrenal steroids in man.
AB  - In an attempt to study effects of cold on blood pressure and the renin
      angiotensin-aldosterone system, 34 healthy young subjects with or without a
      family history of essential hypertension were exposed to moderate cold (4 degrees
      C for 1 h) or severe cold (immersion of the hands to 0 degrees C for 10 min).
      Moderate cold elevated blood pressure, aldosterone, cortisol and noradrenaline
      when the subjects wore summer clothing but not when the subjects wore winter
      clothing. Regardless of the clothing worn, skin blood flow and plasma renin
      activity decreased significantly in response to moderate cold but angiotensin II
      decreased insignificantly. Severe cold elevated blood pressure, cortisol,
      aldosterone and noradrenaline. Administration of dexamethasone significantly
      depressed an increase of aldosterone and cortisol in response to cold but failed
      to effect an elevation of blood pressure and noradrenaline. Plasma renin activity
      and angiotensin II concentration were not affected at all during and after cold
      exposure. It is suggested that, among the various hormones studied, noradrenaline
      is the only hormone responsible for an elevation of blood pressure in response to
      cold.

PMID- 6378466
TI  - An important effect of TSH on prostacyclin concentration in porcine thyroid
      cells.
AB  - Fresh thyroid slices obtained from normal pigs contained prostaglandin E2 (PGE2),
      prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and prostacyclin (PGI2, measured as the end
      metabolite, 6-keto PGF1 alpha), but the concentrations of PGI2 exceeded those of
      PGE2 and PGF2 alpha. A preferential increase of PGI2 was produced when the slices
      were exposed to a large dose of TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone). When thyroid
      cells were isolated and cultured in the absence of TSH, thyroidal concentrations
      of PGI2, PGE2 and PGF2 alpha were about equal. When the cells were acutely
      exposed to a large dose of TSH, intrathyroidal concentration of prostaglandin
      increased significantly, but the relative concentrations of prostaglandins were
      not markedly altered. When thyroid cells were cultured in the presence of a small
      dose of TSH, relative concentrations of thyroidal prostaglandins were comparable
      to those of fresh thyroid slices, as a result of a preferential increase of PGI2
      and decreases of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha. Further increase of PGI2 was induced when
      the cells cultured with TSH were acutely exposed to a large dose of TSH. It is
      concluded that although cells contain PGE2, PGF2 alpha and PGI2, a preferential
      accumulation of PGI2 is found only when thyroid cells are chronically stimulated
      by TSH.

PMID- 6378467
TI  - Activities of NAD+-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase in
      the liver of spontaneously hypertensive rats in the process of development.
AB  - The difference in the basal activities of NAD+-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase
      (ALDH) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was investigated in the liver of age
      matched spontaneously hypertensive (SH) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WK) rats.
      A significant difference between the SH and WK rats in the basal ALDH activity,
      ADH activity and the protein content of subcellular fractions was observed. The
      activities of mitochondrial low Km- and high Km-ALDH in the SH rats at 5-8 weeks
      of age were higher than those in the WK rats. The microsomal high Km-ALDH
      activity in the SH rats at 5 and 11 weeks of age was higher than that in the WK
      rats. The ADH activities in the SH rats at 5-14 weeks of age were lower than
      those in the WK rats. The mitochondrial protein content in the SH rats at 5-14
      weeks of age was higher than those in the WK rats. At 14 weeks of age, an
      increase in the blood acetaldehyde level was observed after an intraperitoneal
      injection of 1.5 g/kg of ethanol in the SH rats. No difference in blood ethanol
      level was observed between the SH and WK rats.

PMID- 6378468
TI  - Ultrasound estimation of gestational age.
AB  - Many ultrasonologists feel that if they are unable to obtain a BPD measurement at
      the time of an ultrasound examination that they have somehow failed to do an
      adequate job. However, from the information outlined in this chapter, it can be
      seen that the biparietal diameter is only one measurement that can be taken of
      the fetus in order to estimate gestational age. Furthermore, since the
      recognition of variability in fetal head shape, absolute reliance on measurement
      of the fetal biparietal diameter for estimation of gestational age has become
      much less common, especially after 20 weeks of gestation. The move toward
      measurement of several parts of the fetal anatomy has been called fetal biometry.
      The purpose of this approach is to evaluate body proportion and symmetry of
      growth of different organ systems, in the hope of elucidating subtle patterns
      which might be recognized as abnormal in very early stages when some form of
      prenatal management might improve reproductive outcome. Simultaneously, with the
      implementation of this approach to estimating age, a desire to inject an element
      of "quality control" into the obstetric ultrasound examination has come about. It
      has been found that measurement of more than one fetal parameter, in a sense,
      prevents overreliance on any single measurement, which, by itself, might mislead
      the clinician. While an error of clinically significant magnitude can be made in
      any measurement, it is unlikely that an error of the same magnitude, in "the same
      direction" of over or underestimation of the actual, would occur. Thus, there is
      an element of protection of the patient built into this approach which makes it
      appealing intuitively. However, it is uncertain that measurement of BPD, head
      circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length will, in all cases, give
      a better estimate of gestational age than will measurement of the BPD alone.
      Recent data from Hadlock et al. showed that in 177 normal pregnancies, there was
      significant improvement in the ultrasound estimation of estimated date of
      delivery when two or more parameters were used to make that estimate rather than
      just BPD alone. Prior to 36 weeks, the optimal combination of parameters included
      the biparietal diameter, the abdominal circumference, and the femur length.
      However, after 36 weeks, the head circumference, abdominal circumference, and
      femur length gave the best estimate, with significant reduction in the mean
      errors, standard deviations, and size of maximum errors. Thus, it appears that
      the estimate using MFGP is both more accurate and precise than a single
      measurement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6378470
TI  - Sonographic detection of abnormal fetal growth patterns.

PMID- 6378471
TI  - Multiple gestation.

PMID- 6378469
TI  - The clinical role of placental imaging.

PMID- 6378472
TI  - Fetal echocardiography--a new frontier.

PMID- 6378473
TI  - Treatment of the fetus in utero: evolving concepts.
AB  - The rapidly evolving ability to detect the presence of major anomalies in the
      developing fetus and the emerging prospect of intrauterine treatment of some of
      these disorders are coupled to create an exciting new frontier in care of the
      high-risk pregnancy. Preliminary reports suggest that in some highly selected
      instances perinatal death and morbidity may be prevented by intrauterine surgical
      procedures. The technical ability to treat the disorder as described is at hand
      and is unlikely to be the limiting factor in the advance of this area of fetal
      treatment. However, the very fact that treatment is possible cannot be considered
      as proof of efficacy. The physician faced with the knowledge that a potentially
      treatable condition is present in a given fetus may feel the necessity of
      instituting treatment, but the validity of such an approach is far from
      established. It is our opinion that efforts should be made to set at the earliest
      point proper controlled scientific studies from which the benefit, if any, of
      this surgical approach to fetal disease may be established. Such clinical studies
      should be conducted in concert with studies in appropriate animal models. It
      should be noted that fetal surgical treatment is not without potentially lethal
      fetal and maternal complications. Before such risks, however small, are taken, it
      seems reasonable to determine the long-term benefits of the surgical procedure.
      To this end, participation in the International Fetal Surgery Registry is
      encouraged.

PMID- 6378474
TI  - The use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of fetal lung maturity.
AB  - We have shown that there is a relationship between a BPD of at least 9.2 cm and
      the presence of lung maturity in the fetus of a nondiabetic pregnancy. The
      presence of a grade III placenta in the late third trimester appears to be a
      reliable predictor of maturity, but more data need to be assessed before the
      utility of this method at any gestational age can be properly evaluated. We have
      discussed a scheme incorporating ultrasonographic observations and laboratory
      analysis in reducing the risk of iatrogenic hyaline membrane disease and reducing
      the need for amniocentesis.

PMID- 6378475
TI  - Pelvic masses in pregnancy.

PMID- 6378476
TI  - Primary treatment of anatomic stress urinary incontinence.

PMID- 6378477
TI  - Treatment of recurrent urinary incontinence.
AB  - This method of elevating the vesical neck with two permanent nylon sutures is
      effective for correcting primary or recurrent stress urinary incontinence and
      even total urinary incontinence in over 90% of patients. The cystoscope guides
      placement of the nylon sutures, and the buttress supports the tissues to achieve
      precise functional closure of the bladder neck. The technique causes less blood
      loss and postoperative morbidity than many other operations because open pelvic
      surgery is avoided. There is less pain, and the patient can be discharged with
      supra-public urinary drainage on the second or third postoperative day if
      desirable. The procedure can be performed easily by a single surgeon in less than
      an hour in uncomplicated patients and is no more difficult in obese women than in
      thin women. It is particularly well adapted for patients who have failed other
      procedures for stress urinary incontinence and those with previous pelvic
      fracture, pelvic irradiation, or trauma. Simultaneous repair of significant
      rectoceles or substantial cystoceles can be performed through the same operative
      field, and hysterectomy is not required for achievement of adequate endoscopic
      suspension of the bladder neck.

PMID- 6378478
TI  - Urinary incontinence due to detrusor instability.

PMID- 6378479
TI  - The urethral syndrome.

PMID- 6378480
TI  - Fractures of the distal end of the radius. An historical account.
AB  - From the time of Hippocrates to the beginning of the nineteenth century,
      fractures of the distal end of the radius were mistaken for dislocations of the
      wrist. Clinical observations, anatomic dissections, and experiments on cadavers
      dispelled this error. It was not, however, until after the discovery of
      roentgenograms that the variety and complexity of these common injuries could be
      appreciated. From the large group of fractures of the distal end of the radius,
      three distinct varieties can be distinguished rather easily, and to them the
      eponyms of Colles (Pouteau-Colles), Smith, and Barton have been applied. The
      remainder, which consist of a substantial number, do not fit into any specific
      category and must be described individually.

PMID- 6378481
TI  - Fat embolism. An appraisal of the problem.

PMID- 6378482
TI  - Joseph Guichard Duverney (1648-1730). Champion of applied comparative anatomy.

PMID- 6378483
TI  - Inherited bleeding disorders in the newborn infant.
AB  - This article reviews the neonatal manifestations, diagnosis, and management of
      inherited bleeding disorders in newborn infants. Also considered are the problems
      of carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis. Normal values for coagulation
      factors in fetuses and infants are included in the discussion.

PMID- 6378484
TI  - Neonatal thrombocytopenia.
AB  - In this well-detailed review, the authors review the contribution of platelets to
      hemostasis, diagnostic approaches to the thrombocytopenic infant, and the
      classification and treatment of neonatal thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 6378485
TI  - Vitamin E deficiency anemia in newborn infants.
AB  - The occurrence of vitamin E deficiency in newborn infants has come into question
      in light of recent findings. This article examines the available data concerning
      this condition and addresses the need for vitamin E therapy.

PMID- 6378486
TI  - Congenital failure of hematopoiesis in the newborn infant.
AB  - Hematopoietic stem cell cultures have greatly advanced our understanding of the
      physiology of blood production at its early stages and have facilitated the study
      of various factors that regulate cell differentiation and proliferation. With
      this understanding, the author discusses hematopoiesis, hematopoietic stem cells
      and assays for their study, and hematopoietic failure. This is followed by a
      discussion of different forms of bone marrow failure and guidelines for a
      rational basis for their therapy.

PMID- 6378487
TI  - Folic acid and vitamin B12 deficiency in pregnancy and in the neonatal period.
AB  - The fetus, the neonate, and the pregnant woman have a greater requirement for
      folic acid and vitamin B12 and are more likely to suffer from a deficiency of
      these vitamins. This article reviews the source, requirement, absorption, and
      metabolism of these vitamins and discusses the problems attributed to their
      deficiency in pregnancy and in the neonatal period.

PMID- 6378488
TI  - Thrombotic disease in newborn infants.
AB  - Thrombosis in newborn infants is probably more common that at any other period of
      life. This article highlights the neonate's tendency to develop thrombotic
      lesions, both in the absence and presence of indwelling catheters. Thrombosis
      associated with indwelling catheters is discussed in detail. Non-catheter-induced
      thrombosis is discussed along with its predisposing factors and the major sites
      of neonatal thrombi and their sequelae. An outline is then offered for a
      reasonable diagnostic and therapeutic approach.

PMID- 6378489
TI  - Assessment of anemia in newborn infants.
AB  - In this article a practical approach to the assessment of anemia in newborn
      infants is developed using the classic pathophysiologic approach with special
      emphasis on factors such as growth and blood sampling that must be considered if
      an accurate assessment of anemia in this age group is to be made.

PMID- 6378490
TI  - Oesophageal motility: recent advances and implications.
AB  - Oesophageal motility studies have greatly enhanced our knowledge of the
      physiology of the oesophagus. The abnormalities, particularly of the LOS, that
      occur in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease have been extensively studied.
      Although motility studies have relatively little impact on the clinical
      management of the majority of patients with oesophagitis, they are indicated when
      there is diagnostic doubt and most especially when surgical treatment is being
      considered. In numerical terms oesophageal motility studies are required most
      often for the investigation of obscure dysphagia or non-cardiac chest pain.
      Research is continuing to expand our knowledge of the oesophageal dysmotility
      syndromes.

PMID- 6378492
TI  - Ascending brain-stem noradrenergic pathways modulate the renin response to
      haemorrhage.
AB  - Ventral noradrenergic projections (VNAB) from lateral tegmental (A1, A2) and
      dorsal noradrenergic projections (DNAB) from the coeruleal (A6) as well as A1
      cell groups in the brain-stem of the rat were lesioned by intracerebral injection
      of 6-hydroxydopamine. A marked increase in plasma renin activity and adrenaline
      concentrations followed haemorrhage (0.5 ml/100 g body weight) in the sham
      operated rats. VNAB-lesioned rats showed a similar response to the sham-operated
      controls, but in DNAB-lesioned animals the rise of plasma renin was markedly
      attenuated.

PMID- 6378491
TI  - Factors affecting potassium balance during frusemide administration.
AB  - We investigated the effects of Na+ intake, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
      system and anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) on K+ balance during 3 days of frusemide
      administration to six normal subjects. Subjects received 40 mg of frusemide for 3
      days during three different protocols: Na+ intake 270 mmol/day (high salt); Na+
      intake 20 mmol/day to stimulate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (low
      salt); Na+ intake 270 mmol/day plus captopril (25 mg/6 h) to prevent activation
      of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. In a fourth protocol, a water load
      was given during high salt intake to prevent ADH release and then frusemide was
      given. During high salt intake, frusemide increased K+ excretion (UKV) over 3 h,
      but the loss was counterbalanced by subsequent renal K+ retention so that daily
      K+ balance was neutral. During low salt intake, the magnitude of the acute
      kaliuresis following the first dose of frusemide and the slope of the linear
      relationship between UKV and the log of frusemide excretion were increased
      compared with that found during the high salt intake. In addition, low salt
      intake abolished the compensatory renal retention of K+ after frusemide and
      cumulative K+ balance over 3 days of diuretic administration was uniformly
      negative (-86 +/- 7 mmol/3 days; P less than 0.001). Captopril abolished the rise
      in plasma aldosterone concentration induced by frusemide. The acute kaliuresis
      after frusemide was unchanged compared with that observed during high salt
      intake. The compensatory reduction in UKV occurring after the diuretic was
      slightly potentiated. In fact, captopril given without the diuretic induced a
      small positive K+ balance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6378493
TI  - Urogenital involvements in female sexual partners of males with Reiter's
      syndrome.
AB  - The occurrence of urogenital involvements in female sexual partners of males with
      Reiter's syndrome (RS) or suspicion of RS (SRS) was studied. The possible
      etiological role of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) was demonstrated by isolation and
      by immunofluorescence (IF) serology. Evidence of chlamydial infection (positive
      isolation and/or IF titre greater than or equal to 64) was found in 35 out of 56
      (62,5%) males with RS and in 9 out of 16 (56,3%) males with SRS. 43 female sexual
      partners of these men were studied. Evidence of present or past chlamydial
      infection was demonstrated in 23 of these 43 females (53,5%). This was a
      significantly higher frequency than that evidenced among controls studied, 14/77
      verified serologically and 3/81 by isolation, p less than 0.0025 and p less than
      0.005, respectively. A history of dysuria occurred in 10 out of 43 female sexual
      partners and in only 20 out of 364 interviewed randomly selected controls (p less
      than 0.00025). Abnormal urinary findings were also more frequent among the sexual
      partners than among the controls (p less than 0.025). The results emphasize the
      role of Ct as a triggering factor in RS and stress the importance of urogenital
      investigations among couples with RS.

PMID- 6378494
TI  - Comparison of timegadine and naproxen in rheumatoid arthritis. A placebo
      controlled trial.
AB  - A double blind, cross-over design was used to compare the acute effects of
      timegadine, naproxen and placebo in rheumatoid arthritis. Timegadine appeared to
      be more effective than naproxen in those variables related to disease activity
      although there were no statistically significant differences (apart from morning
      stiffness) where variables were examined individually. There was a tendency to a
      rise in alkaline phosphatase, and possibly gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, during
      the 2-week timegadine treatment period. No other biochemical or haematological
      abnormality was observed.

PMID- 6378495
TI  - Group B streptococcus arthritis.
AB  - Serious infections with group B streptococcus (streptococcus agalactiae) are rare
      in adults. A 81-year-old patient with cirrhosis who developed a septic arthritis
      due to this germ, is described. Only eleven cases of group B streptococcal
      arthritis have been previously reported.

PMID- 6378496
TI  - Exercise testing in the evaluation of patients with valvular aortic stenosis.

PMID- 6378497
TI  - Diagnostic imaging in acute cardiopulmonary disease.
AB  - Optimum use of portable radiography and the newer imaging modalities requires
      careful coordination between the radiologist and intensivist. This article
      discusses the current imaging approach to patients with acute pulmonary disease,
      acute cardiovascular disease, and postoperative and iatrogenic problems.

PMID- 6378498
TI  - Computed tomography of the lung, pleura, and chest wall.
AB  - Because of rapid technologic advances, clearly defined clinical indications, and
      widespread availability, computed tomography of the lungs, pleura, and chest wall
      has become increasingly important in the imaging and subsequent management of
      numerous thoracic disorders. This article describes the current indications,
      common findings, and potential controversies in CT of the lung, pleura, and chest
      wall.

PMID- 6378499
TI  - Computed tomography of the mediastinum.
AB  - Computed tomography is the radiographic examination of choice for evaluation of
      the mediastinum. Information regarding the size, shape, extent, density, and
      vascularity of mediastinal masses can be obtained non-invasively. Mediastinal
      lesions not seen on routine radiographs can be visualized by CT, allowing for
      earlier detection of disease.

PMID- 6378500
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the chest.
AB  - The use of nuclear magnetic resonance to produce diagnostic images of the human
      chest has just become possible. These images are computer-reconstructed maps of
      the distribution in tissue of protons and of some of their magnetic
      characteristics. The images are high resolution and anatomically accurate, are
      capable of distinguishing many kinds of pathologic tissue from normal, can
      demonstrate blood flow in large vessels, and may ultimately be enhanced by the
      use of paramagnetic agents. Information contained within them promises to be of
      considerable importance in the study of cardiothoracic diseases.

PMID- 6378501
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography of the chest.
AB  - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography has developed into a useful imaging
      technique for the evaluation of vascular abnormalities. It is less invasive than
      standard arteriography, requiring less time, expense, and technical expertise
      and, most importantly, lower patient morbidity.

PMID- 6378502
TI  - The solitary pulmonary nodule and staging of lung cancer.
AB  - More favorable survival rates are encountered when a bronchogenic carcinoma is
      identified and resected at the asymptomatic, small, circumscribed, nodular stage.
      The only two reliable radiologic criteria for benignity are the long-term absence
      of growth and certain characteristic patterns of calcification. With the advent
      of computed tomography, the preoperative radiographic staging of non-small cell
      bronchogenic carcinoma can accurately select those patients for potential
      surgical care.

PMID- 6378503
TI  - Needle aspiration biopsy of pulmonary, hilar, and mediastinal masses.
AB  - The use of small needles (20 gauge or smaller) has made it possible to safely
      biopsy hilar and mediastinal masses as well as central and peripheral lesions in
      the lungs. The diagnostic accuracy of needle biopsy currently makes it the
      preferred method for obtaining tissue samples in patients with peripheral (non
      endobronchial) lesions in the lung. Needle biopsy of the hilum and mediastinum
      frequently makes it possible to avoid more invasive procedures in the staging of
      patients with known or suspected bronchogenic carcinoma and to obtain a diagnosis
      in patients with mediastinal masses of unknown etiology.

PMID- 6378504
TI  - Use of the Becton-Dickinson urine culture tube with the Abbott MS-2 urine
      screening system.
AB  - Urine specimens were obtained from 312 obstetric outpatients by sterile midstream
      technique and aliquots placed in both Becton-Dickinson urine culture tubes and
      sterile conventional tubes. Quantitative cultures were made from each tube, and
      each tube was screened for bacteria with the Abbott MS-2 urine screening system.
      The time required to detect bacteriuria was recorded for both specimens. Isolates
      from specimens containing greater than or equal to 50,000/ml gram-positive cocci
      or greater than or equal to 100,000/ml gram-negative bacilli were identified and
      antimicrobial susceptibility tests performed. Delayed (24 hr) quantitative
      cultures were done from Becton-Dickinson tubes. By these criteria, 124 urine
      specimens were positive in both conventional and Becton-Dickinson tubes.
      Escherichia coli (n = 72), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 20), Enterobacter cloacae
      (n = 8), Proteus mirabilis (n = 4), group B streptococcus (n = 12), and
      enterococcus (n = 8) were isolated. Time for detection of positive urine samples
      was similar in both types of tubes. Delayed cultures had significant numbers of
      false-positive results. Antimicrobial susceptibility results did not appear to be
      influenced greatly by Becton-Dickinson tube transport. The MS-2 cannot adequately
      discriminate cultures containing less than 50,000 colony-forming units/ml of
      urine. The Becton-Dickinson tube appears to be compatible for use with the MS-2
      for purposes of screening for bacteriuria.

PMID- 6378505
TI  - Nontyphoidal Salmonella bacteremia as an early infection in acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - During a two-year period, two drug addicts and one homosexual patient with
      acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) developed persistent Salmonella
      typhimurium or S. enteritidis bacteremia early in the course of their syndrome. A
      fourth patient, also a male homosexual with recurrent S. typhimurium bacteremia
      and urinary tract infection, is being closely followed prospectively for the
      development of AIDS. Nontyphoidal salmonella bacteremia appears to be an emerging
      problem in AIDS patients and may be the earliest manifestation of a cell-mediated
      defect.

PMID- 6378506
TI  - Clinical assessment of amalgam fillings.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of amalgam fillings among
      20-yr-old Helsinki University students. The quality of the fillings was evaluated
      for the teeth 16 and 46. The marginal adaptation, anatomical form and surface
      texture of the fillings were evaluated and the filled surfaces were classified as
      being good, or requiring refinishing or replacement. The age of the fillings and
      how often they had been replaced were also evaluated from previous records. 47%
      of the filled surfaces were classified as good, 43% needed to be refinished and
      10% needed replacement. The reasons for refinishing a filling were faults in
      surface texture (61%), anatomical form (23%) or marginal adaptation (16%). The
      reasons for replacing a filling were fractured filling (38%), secondary caries or
      incorrect marginal adaptation (23%), inadequate anatomical form (13%) or poor
      surface texture (26%) which could not be refinished. The mean age of all fillings
      was 6.6 yr. The mean age of fillings which needed replacement was 7.3 yr. The
      maxillary first molar had been filled an average of 2.0 times and the mandibular
      first molar 2.2 times by the age of 20 yr.

PMID- 6378507
TI  - Description of a therapeutic approach to pseudoseizures in adolescents.
AB  - The case histories and short-term (10 to 12 sessions) multifaceted treatment of
      two male adolescents, manifesting pseudoseizures, are presented. Therapeutic
      techniques are discussed, and these can be categorized under three headings: a)
      defining and reframing the problem, b) "easy-out" explanations acceptable to the
      patient, family, and friends, and c) the patient assumes control.

PMID- 6378508
TI  - Coalition building: the Pennsylvania experience.

PMID- 6378509
TI  - An overview of pancreatic exocrine secretion.
AB  - Genes for all proteins have encoded in their DNA sequences, information that
      specifies where these proteins will localize within the cell. Nascent translation
      products of transcripts of these genes, that possess a specific NH2-terminal
      signal sequence, are able to translocate into a specialized membranous conducting
      system called the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), or can be incorporated directly
      into a target organelle (i.e. mitochondrion). Nascent polypeptides lacking this
      signal sequence remain in the cytosol. Once segregation into the ER has occurred
      each protein appears to migrate at a characteristic rate to a connecting
      organelle; the Golgi Complex. Here, enzymatic modifications of these proteins
      determines the organelle with which each will eventually become associated. In
      secretory tissues such as the exocrine pancreas, many different proteins are
      directed into specialized secretory structures called zymogen granules. These
      granules are maintained in a "ready-to-release" state by steroid hormones. In the
      absence of estrogens and glucocorticoids the zymogen granules disappear.
      Physiologically, secretion from the exocrine pancreas is brought about by
      parasympathetic nerve stimulation, or by the gut hormone cholecystokinin (CCK).
      Interaction of acetylcholine or CCK with specific receptors on pancreatic acinar
      cells initiates the process of exocytosis; that is, fusion of the zymogen granule
      membrane with the plasma membrane resulting in extracellular release of the
      contents of the secretory granule.

PMID- 6378510
TI  - Electrophoretic analyses of alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase,
      aldehyde reductase, aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase from horse tissues.
AB  - Cellulose acetate zymograms of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldehyde
      dehydrogenase (AHD), aldehyde reductase (AHR), aldehyde oxidase (AOX) and
      xanthine oxidase (XOX) extracted from horse tissues were examined. Five ADH
      isozymes were resolved: three corresponded to the previously reported class I
      ADHs (EE, ES and SS) (Theorell, 1969); a single form of class II ADH (designated
      ADH-C2) and of class III ADH (designated ADH-B2) were also observed. The latter
      isozyme was widely distributed in horse tissues whereas the other enzymes were
      found predominantly in liver. Four AHD isozymes were differentially distributed
      in subcellular preparations of horse liver: AHD-1 (large granules); AHD-3 (small
      granules); and AHD-2, AHD-4 (cytoplasm). AHD-1 was more widely distributed among
      the horse tissues examined. Liver represented the major source of activity for
      most AHDs. A single additional form of NADPH-dependent AHR activity (identified
      as hexonate dehydrogenase), other than the ADHs previously described, was
      observed in horse liver. Single forms of AOX and XOX were observed in horse
      tissue extracts, with highest activities in liver.

PMID- 6378511
TI  - Antibody affinity chromatography of human proteinases and related proteins.
AB  - Antibodies specific for a purified proteinase from the cell-surface of human
      leukocytes were used to prepare an antibody affinity chromatography column. This
      column bound a variety of proteins from extracts of human cells and tissues and
      from human body fluids, indicating that proteins immunologically related to the
      leukocyte proteinase are widespread in the human body. For human urine and a
      human fibroblast extract, a single protein species with serine proteinase
      activity was eluted from the column in each case. Small quantities of a
      heterogeneous protein fraction were also weakly bound to the column from an
      extract of mouse submaxillary glands.

PMID- 6378512
TI  - Reasoning methods in medical consultation systems: artificial intelligence
      approaches.
AB  - It has been argued that the problem of medical diagnosis is fundamentally ill
      structured, particularly during the early stages when the number of possible
      explanations for presenting complaints can be immense. This paper discusses the
      process of clinical hypothesis evocation, contrasts it with the structured
      decision making approaches used in traditional computer-based diagnostic systems,
      and briefly surveys the more open-ended reasoning methods that have been used in
      medical artificial intelligence (AI) programs. The additional complexity
      introduced when an advice system is designed to suggest management instead of (or
      in addition to) diagnosis is also emphasized. Example systems are discussed to
      illustrate the key concepts.

PMID- 6378513
TI  - Reactions in selected patients to 22 fragrance materials.
AB  - 182 patients on the basis of 6 criteria were suspected of suffering from contact
      sensitization to cosmetics. 77 (42%) gave a positive reaction to one or more of a
      series of 22 fragrance and flavor raw materials. The hands were most often
      involved. Cinnamic alcohol, hydroxycitronellal, eugenol, coumarin, and abitol
      gave the most common positive reactions; less frequent were cinnamic aldehyde,
      dihydrocoumarin and dimethylcitraconate. Their relevance could not be traced.
      However, the first 4 substances were the most frequently identified in 79
      suspected cosmetics sent in for analysis by the patients or their physicians. The
      stability of room-stored petrolatum-fragrance mixtures should be checked.

PMID- 6378514
TI  - Management of spina bifida in the newborn infant.

PMID- 6378515
TI  - The origins of anesthesia: part II.

PMID- 6378516
TI  - Randomized comparison of prostaglandin treatment in hospital or at home with
      vacuum aspiration for termination of early pregnancy.
AB  - In the present study the efficacy and the acceptability of vaginal administration
      of a prostaglandin E analogue (9-deoxo-16, 16-dimethyl-9-methylene-PGE2) in
      hospital or at home were randomly compared with vacuum aspiration for termination
      of very early pregnancy. Prerequisites for acceptance of the patients were a
      normal pregnancy, a duration of amenorrhea of 49 days or less, at least one
      previous full-term pregnancy, and a healthy status. Fifty-three patients
      fulfilled these criteria and adhered to the protocol. Seventeen patients were
      treated with prostaglandin at home, 18 with prostaglandin in the hospital (9
      methylene-PGE2, 50 to 60 mg twice at 6-hour intervals), and 18 with vacuum
      aspiration. Each patient was interviewed twice by a trained female psychologist
      before the treatment and two weeks after. Both the surgical and the nonsurgical
      methods (at home and in the hospital) were found to be equally effective in terms
      of frequency of complete abortion. Prostaglandin therapy was associated with a
      higher frequency of gastrointestinal side effects, pain, and a longer duration of
      bleeding than was the surgical procedure. The acceptability study showed that
      prostaglandin treatment was positively received. The patients who were treated
      with prostaglandin remained very positive after the abortion; a majority of these
      patients intended to use the same procedure in case of a repeated abortion, and
      would also recommend the treatment to a relative or a friend. The results of the
      present study indicate that termination of early pregnancy by a medical method,
      even if self-administered, is an acceptable procedure at least in selected
      patients. Further efforts to improve the treatment seem therefore justified.

PMID- 6378518
TI  - Radionuclide cystography.

PMID- 6378517
TI  - Cervical dilatation with 16,16-dimethyl-trans-delta 2-PGE1 methyl ester
      (Cervagem) prior to vacuum aspiration. A double-blind, placebo-controlled
      randomized study.
AB  - In the article are presented the results of a randomized double-blind study
      comparing the efficacy and tolerance of vaginal administration of 1.0 mg 16,16
      dimethyl-trans-delta 2-PGE1 methyl ester and placebo as a pretreatment to vacuum
      aspiration for termination of pregnancy in nulliparae in the 8th to 12th weeks of
      gestation. One-hundred and-twenty-six patients fulfilled all the criteria for
      acceptance in the study and received either 1 mg of the E analogue or placebo
      three hours prior to vacuum aspiration. The mean cervical dilation at operation
      was following treatment with the E analogue 6.5 mm and with placebo 4.9 mm (p
      less than 0.001). The number of patients requiring no further mechanical dilation
      or the dilatation was considered easy was significantly higher in the
      prostaglandin-treated group than in the placebo group (p less than 0.001). The
      mean blood loss at operation was also higher in the placebo group (p less than
      0.001). Uterine pain was slightly more common following prostaglandin treatment
      (p less than 0.05) while gastrointestinal side effects occurred equally often in
      both groups. In two patients the uterine wall was perforated, both perforations
      occurring in the placebo group. Late complication rates were comparable between
      the two groups. It can be concluded that pretreatment with the E analogue
      accomplishes sufficient dilatation and softening of the cervix in most patients.
      The efficacy of the procedure and its low frequency of side effects and
      complications make the procedure useful for cervical dilatation prior to vacuum
      aspiration in late first trimester pregnancy.

PMID- 6378519
TI  - End-stage reflux nephropathy.

PMID- 6378520
TI  - Radionuclide imaging of acute bacterial nephritis.

PMID- 6378521
TI  - Peripheral plasma renin activity, hypertension and renal scarring in children.

PMID- 6378523
TI  - Advanced modeling and identification techniques for metabolic processes.
AB  - This paper will be devoted to demonstrating that a better understanding of
      complex metabolic processes requires a deep and reliable interpretation of much
      experimental data. Indeed this aim cannot be satisfied without the use of
      advanced modeling and identification techniques and their deep critical analysis.
      In fact, complete procedures should consider all the following steps: (1)
      definition of scopes, (2) prior information and hypotheses, (3) choice of
      experimental conditions, (4) derivation of possible classes of models, (5)
      parameter estimation, (6) errors evaluation, (7) validation and ordering of the
      identified models. This paper will mainly consider steps 4, 6, and 7 which are
      certainly the less assessed ones. However some real advances have been obtained
      in recent years which deserve to be more widely known and applied in practical
      problems. This paper will review such important contributions and will show, by
      means of applied examples, how they can be useful in avoiding ambiguities and
      incorrect interpretation of data and in evaluating the credibility of the
      inferred results.

PMID- 6378522
TI  - V.A. Cooperative Study on antiplatelet agents in diabetic patients after
      amputation for gangrene: I. Design, methods, and baseline characteristics.
AB  - This report describes the experimental design, methods, and baseline
      characteristics of patients enrolled in a Veterans Administration Cooperative
      Study on the effect of aspirin (325 mg t.i.d.) and dipyridamole (75 mg t.i.d.)
      (110 patients), or placebo (121 patients) on major vascular outcome variables in
      noninsulin-dependent diabetic patients with either a recent amputation for
      gangrene (n = 207) or active gangrene (n = 24). It also describes the baseline
      characteristics of the patients. A total of 231 patients of 563 screened (41%)
      were enrolled at 11 participating V.A. Medical Centers during a 39 month period.
      The median age at entry was 60 years, the median duration of diabetes was 10
      years, and weight was 110% of desirable. All patients were men. Sixty-eight
      percent were treated with insulin and 32% with diet alone. Only 42% were smokers
      at entry, 40% had retinopathy, 61% sensory neuropathy, 42% hypertension, and 29%
      had a history of myocardial infarction, angina, and/or congestive heart failure.
      Thirteen percent had a history of cerebrovascular disease. Despite randomization,
      the treatment group had an increased frequency of a history of cerebrovascular
      disease (p = 0.01), diagnosed as stroke (p = 0.03), a finding suggesting that the
      treatment group was at a slightly increased risk for vascular disease upon
      enrollment in the study. Other baseline variables did not differ significantly
      between the two groups. This study should provide definitive data on the efficacy
      of these doses of antiplatelet agents in preventing further vascular disease in
      diabetic men with gangrene or recent amputation for gangrene, using death due to
      vascular disease and subsequent amputation of the opposite extremity for gangrene
      as major outcome variables. It should also give useful information on the effect
      of antiplatelet therapy on vascular outcome variables such as same side
      amputations, myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack,
      retinopathy, and renal failure. Finally, the study should provide useful data on
      the natural history and significance of risk factors in this patient population.

PMID- 6378524
TI  - Fluid mechanics of the pulmonary circulation.
AB  - Assessment of the fluid mechanics of the pulmonary circulation has been hindered
      by the relative inaccessibility of the pulmonary vascular bed. Current
      understanding is based largely on analyses of mathematical models which have been
      used to simulate hemodynamic characteristics within an architectural
      representation of that bed. These representations have ranged from simple, lumped
      parameter structures to anatomically realistic structures based on measurements
      of casts of the irregular branching network of pulmonary arteries and veins.
      Nonlinear models have been studied to determine the effects of vessel taper and
      within beat geometrical variations as cross-sectional shapes change from circular
      to elliptical and small vessels undergo recruitment, distention, and collapse as
      a result of the shifting balance in alveolar, pleural, and capillary pressures.
      This article reviews current concepts of pulmonary circulatory fluid mechanics
      focusing on mathematical models and relevant hemodynamic studies.

PMID- 6378526
TI  - An approach to mid-facial fractures.
AB  - The purpose of this article is to present a concept which facilitates the plain
      film identification of mid-face fractures. The concept evolves from a logical
      classification of mid-face fractures based upon the region(s) of involvement
      (orbit, zygoma, maxilla), the extent of the fractures (unilateral or bilateral)
      and the characteristic distribution of the fracture lines. Recognition of these
      fractures depends upon an awareness of the fact that the radiographic signs of
      mid-face fractures differ in certain respects from those involving other skeletal
      parts. In addition to skeletal disruption, the radiographic signs of mid-face
      fractures include soft tissue abnormalities which may be localized or diffuse,
      and which may be either extrinsic or intrinsic to the facial skeleton,
      alterations of normal skeletal contour, the "bright white line" of displaced
      fragments, and the subcutaneous emphysema which may also be localized or diffuse.
      The application of this concept to the roentgen diagnosis of mid-face fractures
      will be described and illustrated.

PMID- 6378525
TI  - Calculation of mean airway pressure during mechanical ventilation in neonates.
AB  - Mean airway pressure (Paw) calculated by 4 methods was compared with measured
      Paw, using 833 observations on 16 infants requiring constant-flow, pressure
      limited mechanical ventilation. Measured Paw was most accurately predicted by
      determining a waveform constant for each infant every 12 h, and then using the
      waveform constant in a general Paw equation for the ensuing 12 h. However, this
      method is impractical for clinical use. A square-waveform equation more
      accurately predicted Paw than did triangular or sine-like waveform equations.
      Because there was considerable interindividual variation in the accuracy of all
      methods, due to different individual respiratory waveforms and waveform
      constants, Paw should be measured and not calculated.

PMID- 6378527
TI  - Radiographic evaluation of asbestos-related chest disorders.
AB  - This paper reviews the radiographic, clinical, pathologic, and epidemiological
      features of pleural and pulmonary parenchymal disorders which have been related
      to asbestos exposure. In particular, the following are discussed: (1) pleural
      plaques--radiographic detection by plain films and computed tomography, normal
      and abnormal densities which may mimic plaques, the 1980 ILO U/C classification,
      recent epidemiological data on plaques including their relationship to carcinoma
      and mesothelioma; (2) diffuse pleural thickening; (3) benign asbestos pleural
      effusions; (4) mesothelioma--emphasizing recent advances in diagnosis, staging,
      therapy, and prognosis; (5) parenchymal fibrosis--pathogenesis, relationship to
      fiber exposure, plaques, and carcinoma; (6) bronchogenic carcinoma; (7) rounded
      atelectasis--recent observations on its association with pleural thickening. A
      role of radiology in medicolegal aspects of asbestos-related disease is briefly
      examined.

PMID- 6378528
TI  - Tracheal epithelial cell transformation: a model system for studies on neoplastic
      progression.
AB  - Most in vitro transformation studies have been conducted with fibroblast cultures
      of various origins. The phenotypic changes known to accompany transformation are
      therefore primarily those that are typical for transformed fibroblasts. Little
      information exists concerning phenotypic changes occurring during transformation
      of epithelial cells in vitro. However, recently a number of transformation
      studies have been reported with tracheal epithelium as a prototype for epithelium
      from the conducting airways. The initial studies were carried out with organ
      culture-cell culture systems. These studies reported the qualitative phenotypic
      changes developing in primary outgrowth cultures after exposure to the direct
      acting carcinogen N-methyl-N'-nitrosoguanidine. The phenotypic changes observed
      are all related to changes of in vitro growth characteristics. Several stages can
      be observed as the cell cultures progress from a "carcinogen altered" to the
      neoplastic state. While these studies laid the groundwork for the epithelial
      transformation field, they did not permit quantitation of transformants, since
      the size of the exposed cell population is unknown. More recently transformation
      systems with dispersed primary tracheal epithelial cells have been developed
      which allow quantitation of transformed phenotypes. These systems are being used
      for clonal analysis of the process of epithelial cell transformation and to study
      progression and promotion during development of neoplastic transformation.

PMID- 6378530
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and toxicity testing.
AB  - The pharmacokinetic basis for the design of toxicity tests is discussed with
      reference to the absorption and clearance of drugs. The absorption and clearance
      of a wide range of drugs by laboratory animals and man has been examined and
      reviewed to provide a firm basis against which new drugs can be compared. Some
      pitfalls in either the empirical approach to toxicology or the incorrect
      interpretation of kinetic data are highlighted. An approach is outlined for the
      rational application of animal pharmacokinetic data in the assessment of the
      safety in man of a new therapeutic agent.

PMID- 6378529
TI  - New developments in the regulation of heme metabolism and their implications.
AB  - Various endogenous and exogenous chemicals, such as hormones, drugs, and
      carcinogens and other environmental pollutants are enzymatically converted to
      polar metabolites as a result of their oxidative metabolism by the mixed-function
      oxidase system. This enzyme complex constitutes the major detoxifying system of
      man and utilizes the hemoprotein--cytochrome P-450--as the terminal oxidase.
      Recent studies with trace metals have revealed the potent ability of these
      elements to alter the synthesis and to enhance the degradation of heme moiety of
      cytochrome P-450. An important consequence of these metal actions is to greatly
      impair the ability of cells to oxidatively metabolize chemicals because of the
      heme dependence of this metabolic process. In this report the effects of exposure
      to trace metals on drug oxidations is reviewed within the framework of metal
      alterations of heme metabolism, including both its synthesis and degradation,
      since these newly discovered properties of metals have made it possible to define
      a major dimension of metal toxicity in terms of a unified cellular mechanism of
      action.

PMID- 6378531
TI  - The health effects of aluminum compounds in mammals.
AB  - This review, which is based on evaluation of information published in the last
      decade related to the health effects of aluminum compounds in mammals, directs
      attention to the well-documented effects of A1(III) compounds on phosphate
      metabolism. It is suggested that the toxic effects currently associated with
      A1(III) compounds are dependent upon the nature of A1(III) complexes formed from
      electron donating groups, rather than restricted to the presence of the high
      charge density matrix of A1(III) itself.

PMID- 6378532
TI  - A critical review of the literature on hydrogen sulfide toxicity.
AB  - The information available on the biological activity of hydrogen sulfide has been
      examined for present status of critical results pertaining to the toxicity of
      hydrogen sulfide. This review of the literature is intended as an evaluative
      report rather than an annotated bibliography of all the source material examined
      on hydrogen sulfide. The information was selected as it might relate to potential
      toxic effects of hydrogen sulfide to man and summarized, noting information gaps
      that may require further investigation. Several recommendations are listed for
      possible consideration for either toxicological research or additional short- and
      long-term tests. Two bibliographies have been provided to assist in locating
      references considered in this report: (1) literature examined but not cited and
      (2) reference citations. The majority of the references in the first bibliography
      were considered peripheral information and less appropriate for inclusion in this
      report.

PMID- 6378533
TI  - Physician management of sexually abused children and adolescents.

PMID- 6378534
TI  - Choledochal cyst: review and report of four patients.

PMID- 6378535
TI  - Anatomical observations in cadavers during application of a partial exclusion
      clamp to the ascending aorta.

PMID- 6378536
TI  - HLA-D typing and some applications.

PMID- 6378537
TI  - Treponemal antigens and their use in syphilis serological tests.

PMID- 6378538
TI  - A comparison of semisynthetic human insulin and porcine insulin in the treatment
      of established diabetes.

PMID- 6378539
TI  - Chelation clinics. An abuse of the physician's freedom of choice.

PMID- 6378540
TI  - The lungs and causes of death in the nocturnal oxygen therapy trial.
AB  - Autopsy findings and a morphometric study of the lungs were compared in 18
      subjects receiving nocturnal oxygen and 15 receiving continuous oxygen in the
      National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Nocturnal Oxygen Therapy Trial (about
      half of those who died). The emphysema score, average interalveolar wall
      distance, central airway lesions, peripheral airway lesions, and the ratio of
      weights of left ventricle plus septum to right ventricle were similar in the two
      groups. The causes of death in the two groups were also similar. This evidence
      supports the hypothesis that the improved prognosis observed with continuous
      oxygen therapy nocturnal oxygen therapy in patients with severe chronic airflow
      obstruction and hypoxemia was due to treatment. There was a trend for there to be
      more interstitial fibrosis and type 2 alveolar epithelial cell hyperplasia in
      those treated with nocturnal oxygen; in the hands of one observer, the type 2
      cell hyperplasia was significant.

PMID- 6378541
TI  - 67Ga scintigraphy of the thorax.

PMID- 6378542
TI  - Did Osler's patient, Hannah W, have sarcoidosis? An historical footnote.

PMID- 6378543
TI  - Respiratory augmentation of left ventricular function during spontaneous
      ventilation in severe left ventricular failure by grunting. An auto-EPAP effect.
AB  - A patient with severe congestive cardiomyopathy demonstrated involuntary forceful
      expiratory grunting that was associated with an elevated intrathoracic pressure
      and stable hemodynamics. Face-mask administration of 20 cm H2O as continuous
      positive-airway pressure (CPAP) abolished the grunting without hemodynamic
      compromise. However, loss of CPAP by mask leak resulted in rapid hemodynamic
      deterioration and resumption of grunting. Endotracheal intubation with 20 cm H2O
      of positive end-expiratory pressure restored hemodynamic stability. This suggests
      that spontaneous ventilatory efforts can augment the failing myocardium.

PMID- 6378544
TI  - [Implantology. Implant technics].

PMID- 6378545
TI  - [Instrumentation in implantology].

PMID- 6378546
TI  - [Guiding technics for safety in implantology].

PMID- 6378547
TI  - [Complete dentures and implants].

PMID- 6378548
TI  - [For an esthetic implant].

PMID- 6378549
TI  - [Theriaca--panacea of the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries].

PMID- 6378550
TI  - Comparison of in vitro antibacterial activity of four oral cephems: cephalexin,
      cefaclor, cefatrizine and cefadroxil.
AB  - The in vitro antibacterial activity of four oral cephems: cephalexin, cefaclor,
      cefatrizine and cefadroxil against clinical isolates of staphylococci,
      Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was compared by agar dilution
      method. All drugs had comparable antistaphylococcal activity. Cefatrizine and
      cefaclor were more active than cephalexin and cefadroxil against Escherichia
      coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis. All four drugs were relatively
      inactive against isolates of Enterobacter species and indole-positive Proteus.
      However, cefatrizine demonstrated the greatest activity of the four oral cephems
      against these organisms. None of these oral cephems was active against Serratia
      marcescens or Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID- 6378551
TI  - Preparation of enzyme immunoassay kit for the detection of hepatitis B surface
      antigen.
AB  - An attempt was made to prepare enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kit for the detection of
      hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The diagnostic reagents were prepared by the
      'sandwich" principle in which polystyrene microtiter plates were used. Two-step
      glutaraldehyde coupling procedure was used for the preparation of antibody
      peroxidase (horseradish) conjugate. Purified anti-HBs IgG fraction of guinea pig
      antisera was used for coating plates and for antibody-enzyme conjugate
      preparation. This method had been compared with Ausria II-125 (RIA, Abbott Lab.)
      in 423 government employees. Among 80 (18.9%) positive results six were
      inconsistent reactions by Ausria II-125. Only one of the six positive specimens
      was repeatedly positive and was confirmed by Auszyme II (EIA, Abbott Lab.). 14
      out of the 343 (81.1%) negative results were positive reactions detected by
      Ausria II-125. A half of them was still negative detected by Auszyme II. The
      lowest detectable dose of our EIA, in which the Hepatitis Sensitivity Panel-5
      (Abbott Lab.) was used and incubation period was set for 2 hr., was 3.2 ng/ml for
      ad subtype of HBsAg. While that of Auszyme II was 0.93 ng/ml.

PMID- 6378552
TI  - [Bacteriological investigation of anaerobes in 11 cases of periodontal abscess
      and methods to improve its detection rate].

PMID- 6378553
TI  - [Application of a high speed turbine handpiece for extraction of an impacted
      lower wisdom tooth].

PMID- 6378554
TI  - [Determination of Candida albicans antibody in the saliva and serum of
      leukoplakia patients].

PMID- 6378555
TI  - A controlled trial of a plastic wound ring drape to prevent contamination and
      infection in colorectal surgery.
AB  - A controlled, randomized study of the efficacy of a plastic wound ring drape
      (Opdrape, Triplus) to prevent contamination and infection in elective colorectal
      operations is reported. Seventy patients were operated upon with the wound ring
      drape and 70 patients without. All patients received preoperative systemic
      antibiotic prophylaxis. Abdominal wound infection was observed in seven of 70 (10
      per cent) patients with the wound ring drape and six of 70 (9 per cent) without
      (N.S.). An operative swab for bacteriologic evaluation was obtained from 85 per
      cent of the wounds. There was no evidence that the drape protected the wound from
      contamination with intestinal bacterial flora. It was concluded that the wound
      ring drape prevents neither contamination nor infection.

PMID- 6378556
TI  - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. Paul Kraske 1851-1930.
      Extirpation of high carcinomas of the large bowel.

PMID- 6378557
TI  - Biostator Glucose Controller: a building block of the future.

PMID- 6378558
TI  - Care of the infant with type I diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6378559
TI  - Noncompartmental approach in pharmacokinetics using moments.

PMID- 6378560
TI  - Quantitative relationships between dynamics and kinetics of drugs: a systems
      dynamics approach.
AB  - The body is considered as a system composed of a number of subsystems. The
      response(s) of a drug is a complicated function of the concentration in the blood
      plasma, which in turn is some function of the dosage input. The dose-response
      curve of a drug in a subsystem (e.g., isolated organ) is, over a limited
      concentration range, a linear function of the logarithm of the concentration. The
      logarithm of the concentration in the plasma is, again over a limited range, a
      linear function of time. Time-effect curves in the intact organism may therefore
      be a linear function of time. In reality, the situation is far more complex,
      because of nonlinear kinetics, nonlinear kinetics of effects in the subsystems,
      and adaptation phenomena based on feedback regulation, as is illustrated by
      examples. It is concluded that one should not only consider the body as a system
      but also study it as a system; that is, apply the dynamic system approach in
      pharmacology.

PMID- 6378561
TI  - Integrated pharmacokinetic-dynamic modeling of drugs acting on the CNS.
AB  - This paper has attempted to review some of the possibilities we have today to
      describe the relationships between the kinetics of a drug and the pharmacodynamic
      responses. In the future we should place a great deal of effort not only on a
      detailed evaluation of drug absorption and disposition in the body but also on a
      much more careful characterization of the dose (concentration)-effect
      relationships. This should be done in vivo, in order to be able to evaluate the
      complex character of an observed pharmacological effect, and in a dose range as
      wide as possible. Although not discussed in the present communication, the
      possibility of active metabolites must always be considered.

PMID- 6378562
TI  - Physiologic pharmacokinetic models: relevance, experience, and future trends.

PMID- 6378563
TI  - Relevance, experiences, and trends in the use of compartmental models.

PMID- 6378564
TI  - Applicability of different types of models in health and disease.

PMID- 6378565
TI  - Chymopapain.
AB  - Chymopapain is a proteolytic enzyme injected intradiscally for the treatment of
      herniated lumbar discs. The average success rate is 73 percent for elimination of
      backache and sciatica. Side effects occur in three percent of patients, the most
      serious being anaphylaxis in about one percent. A majority of patients experience
      severe back pain or spasms during the first 24-48 hours after treatment. This
      treatment modality consumes fewer hospital days and produces a quicker return to
      work than does surgery. It does not affect subsequent surgical procedures
      adversely. Chymopapain chemonucleolysis is safe and effective when administered
      by experienced physicians and when adequate precautions are taken. It can be
      considered the last step before surgery in the conservative management of
      herniated lumbar discs.

PMID- 6378566
TI  - Alcohol misuse and abuse among the elderly.
AB  - Alcohol consumption is on the increase. The elderly are particularly at risk to
      the effects of alcohol misuse and abuse, for a variety of reasons. Excessive
      and/or prolonged use of alcohol by the elderly can lead to somatic, psychologic,
      social, and other serious consequences. Alcohol misuse also can interfere with
      the successful management of some chronic diseases and heighten the risk of drug
      interactions and their effects. A profile of the elderly alcohol abuser is
      presented, as are several diagnostic cluses that should make recognition of the
      alcohol abuser easier for those who recommend and monitor drug therapy for the
      elderly.

PMID- 6378567
TI  - [Streptococcus A septicemia. An analysis of 18 cases in adults].
AB  - Within a 13-year period (1970-1982) there were seen 18 cases of A-streptococcal
      septicaemia (age range 18-77 years), 1.3% of all septicaemia cases in this time.
      The portal of entry was most often a banal skin infection. Typically the disease
      occurred suddenly and took a fulminating course with the clinical picture of
      severe septicaemia. In more than half the patients septic complications occurred.
      Despite correct antibiotic treatment pyrexia disappeared only slowly. Four
      patients died of septic shock. In every case with an acute septic course and a
      suspicious cutaneous focus, one should think of A-streptococcal septicaemia and,
      if necessary, give penicillin in high dosage even before the bacterial culture
      result is known.

PMID- 6378568
TI  - [Paths and goals of diabetes therapy in 1984].

PMID- 6378569
TI  - [Chronic myelocytic leukemia: indication for bone marrow transplantation].

PMID- 6378571
TI  - [Therapy of shock lung].

PMID- 6378570
TI  - [Traumatic pulmonary pseudocysts].
AB  - In three patients traumatic pulmonary pseudocysts were observed. In one the cause
      was a barotrauma due to hyperbaric oxygenation with positive end-expiratory
      pressure. In the other two an accident was the cause. Expectant management is
      always indicated because in most cases there is spontaneous regression, as long
      as there are no important complications. In ventilated patients mean and peak
      pressure values should be as low as possible.

PMID- 6378572
TI  - [Arm-lip time in dogs with compensated and noncompensated heart defects].

PMID- 6378573
TI  - [Risk assessment of ultrasonically guided fine needle puncture. Experimental
      studies in dogs].

PMID- 6378574
TI  - [Testing the effect of furazolidone treatment on clinical and hematological
      parameters in swine].

PMID- 6378575
TI  - [Current studies of the efficacy and tolerance of the modified Kramer method
      using formic acid absorbing sheets for varroatosis control].

PMID- 6378576
TI  - [Availability and analysis of sulfadimidine from feed].

PMID- 6378577
TI  - [Trace-element content in sweat and organs of horses].

PMID- 6378578
TI  - [Halothane test in the selection of stress-negative swine].

PMID- 6378579
TI  - [Characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of ruptured mucous membrane in the teat
      canal].

PMID- 6378580
TI  - [Changes of bacterial flora in swine stalls depending on stall temperature under
      experimental conditions].

PMID- 6378581
TI  - [Stability of activity levels of various antibiotics in the blood plasma and milk
      of cattle].

PMID- 6378582
TI  - [A case of acute leptospirosis of a dog and a man in an experimental animal
      unit].

PMID- 6378583
TI  - Oral hypoglycaemic agents. An update.
AB  - Despite the availability of oral hypoglycaemic agents for nearly 30 years, their
      precise mode of action and role in the management of diabetes mellitus remains
      poorly defined and controversial. They are regarded by many, though not all,
      clinicians as helpful adjuncts in the treatment of patients with non-insulin
      dependent diabetes who have failed to respond satisfactorily to an adequate
      programme of dietary treatment. Their initial effectiveness is greatest in those
      patients who have had diabetes for less than 5 years, are overweight at the time
      of initiation of therapy, and whose fasting blood glucose levels are not unduly
      raised (less than 200 mg/dl). If they are receiving treatment with insulin and a
      shift to oral compounds is contemplated, success in the changeover is more likely
      if the daily dose has been less than 20 to 30 units daily. While their efficacy
      in maintaining adequate glycaemic control over the short term in responsive
      patients is unquestioned, the long term benefit of oral hypoglycaemic agents in
      reducing morbidity and mortality of late complications remains to be
      substantiated. In this regard, where long term efficacy is difficult to quantify,
      physician vigilance for chronic toxicity assumes a special importance.
      Notwithstanding the potential for interaction between sulphonylureas and numerous
      other drugs, significant adverse effects are uncommon. Hypoglycaemia is the major
      health concern associated with the use of sulphonylureas, and lactic acidosis has
      been the major problem with biguanides. Careful patient selection is thus the key
      to ensuring efficacy and avoiding toxicity. Recent evidence suggests that while
      the insulinotropic action of the sulphonylureas may explain the short term
      hypoglycaemic effect of these compounds, their reported action in enhancing
      insulin sensitivity, both at the receptor and post-receptor levels, more likely
      accounts for the long term maintenance of improved carbohydrate tolerance. The
      relatively new ('second generation') sulphonylurea compounds have not been shown
      to possess clearly defined advantages over the older preparations; the
      potentially beneficial effects of gliclazide on the microangiopathic changes of
      diabetes require considerable further evaluation.

PMID- 6378585
TI  - The case for clinical immunology laboratories in developing countries.

PMID- 6378584
TI  - Myospherulosis: a review of etiology, diagnosis, and treatment.

PMID- 6378586
TI  - Practical therapeutics: treatment of clinical attack of malaria.

PMID- 6378587
TI  - The renal response to acute asphyxia in spontaneously breathing newborn lambs.
AB  - The effects of acute asphyxia on neonatal renal function were examined in
      spontaneously breathing newborn lambs. 25 min of asphyxia were induced by
      addition of a respiratory dead space to reduce PaO2 to 41 +/- 3 mm Hg, pH to 7.03
      +/- 0.05 and increase PaCO2 to 68 +/- 5 mm Hg (mean +/- S.E.M.). Glomerular
      filtration rates did not change significantly during or after asphyxia.
      Immediately following asphyxia significant (P less than 0.05) increases over the
      baseline were found in urinary flow rates, fractional sodium excretion, absolute
      sodium excretion and osmolar clearances. These changes were in part secondary to
      significant (P less than 0.05) increases in plasma glucose concentrations
      associated with increases (P less than 0.05) in circulating arterial
      catecholamine concentrations. The percentage of tubular reabsorption of glucose
      decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) and urinary glucose excretion
      increased significantly. Renal blood flow was unchanged. Therefore, asphyxia
      induced significant hyperglycemia which contributed to the concomitant
      natriuresis and osmotic diuresis in these newborn lambs.

PMID- 6378588
TI  - Influence of copper plating of stainless steel pins on the shear bond strength of
      three brands of amalgam.

PMID- 6378589
TI  - Action of inhibitory LH-RH analogs in rat pituitary and luteal cell cultures.
AB  - The effect of LH-RH antagonists on LH-RH stimulated LH release was studied in
      primary rat pituitary cell culture and the inhibition by LH-RH antagonists of HCG
      provoked progesterone production was investigated in primary rat luteal cell
      culture. Antagonists used in this study were Ac-D-Trp1, D-Phe(Cl)2, D-Lys6, D
      Ala10-LH-RH(I1) and the respective D-Lys6 isophthaloyl dimer (I2). LH-RH activity
      was noted to be reduced to 1/12 by I1 and to 1/23 by I2 in the pituitary cell
      culture system. The LH-RH inhibitors did not possess intrinsic LH releasing
      activity up to 10(-6) mol 1(-1). Incubation of rat luteal cells with HCG in the
      presence of LH-RH, I1 or I2 resulted in a smaller progesterone release than that
      observed in the absence of the peptides. ED50 of HCG was noted to be 5.7 X 10(
      13) mol 1(-1) and 10(-8) mol 1(-1) LH-RH, I1 or I2 caused a shift of ED50 to 6.3
      X 10(-12) mol 1(-1), 1.2 X 10(-12) mol 1(-1) and 7.9 X 10(-13) mol 1(-1),
      respectively. The present investigation is the first demonstration of reduction
      by LH-RH antagonists of gonadal steroid production. The present results suggest
      the use of such inhibitory LH-RH analogs in the treatment of hormone dependent
      tumors such as prostatic carcinoma and would not cause a transient rise of
      gonadal steroids as seen by the use of LH-RH agonists.

PMID- 6378590
TI  - Brain gastrin/CCK immunoreactivity in sand rat (Psammomys obesus): decrease of
      number of positive neurons in diabetic animals.
AB  - Gastrin/CCK immunoreactivity appears to be widely distributed throughout the
      mammalian CNS, being most abundant in the cerebral cortex [Vanderhaeghen et al.
      1975; Straus et al. 1977; Beinfeld et al. 1981]. Besides its putative role as a
      co-transmitter in dopaminergic neurotransmission [Hokfelt et al. 1980],
      cholecystokinin is apparently involved in the central regulation of appetite and
      satiety [Gibbs et al. 1973; Antin et al. 1975; Parret and Batt 1980; Smith 1980;
      Smith and Gibbs 1981] Furthermore, it has been shown that the brain concentration
      of the peptide is decreased in genetically obese mice as compared to non-obese
      animals [Strauss and Yalow 1979]. The sand rat (Psammomys obesus) is a desert
      rodent which tends to become diabetic when it is fed with normocaloric diet and
      restricted in movement [Haines et al. 1965; Hahn et al. 1971]. However, the
      usefulness of this animal as a paradigm of diabetes is now being revised, since
      because in its typical expression this metabolic dysfunction appears to be an
      obesity syndrome [Rice and Robertson 1980]. Therefore, it seems to be necessary
      to study the distribution of gastrin/CCK-immunoreactive nerve cells in the brain
      of normal and diabetic (obese) sand rats to get further information about
      mechanism underlying the development of this form of diabetes.

PMID- 6378591
TI  - Proteolytic degradation and modification of rat prolactin by subcellular
      fractions of the rat ventral prostate gland.
AB  - We previously showed that at pH 7.4, the cytosol and a low speed pellet (3300 X
      g) of rat ventral prostate degraded rat PRL, whereas a high speed pellet (25,000
      X g) was inactive. The current study further explores PRL degradation by ventral
      prostatic tissue. Enzyme markers indicated that the low speed pellet was
      mitochondria enriched (cytochrome c oxidase), and the high speed pellet was
      lysosome enriched (acid phosphatase), although there was considerable cross
      contamination between the two fractions. Proteolysis of hormone was examined by
      incubating 125I-labeled rat iodo-PRL with tissue fractions, followed by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and radioautography to
      identify products and quantify the extent of PRL degradation. Acidification of
      the incubation medium (pH 4-5) to optimize lysosomal protease activities
      inhibited PRL degradation in cytosol and activated the process in both pellets
      consistent with the distribution of acid phosphatase. Under acidic incubation
      conditions, both low and high speed sediments produced the same electrophoretic
      pattern of PRL degradation, indicating the generation of peptide fragments from
      the hormone with a molecular mass of approximately 16,000-8,000 daltons. Cytosol
      (pH 7.4) also produced peptide fragments in this weight range, although at much
      lower rates and in relatively lower proportions. Peptide fragment formation from
      PRL by the low speed pellet (pH 7.4) was minimal. On a protein basis, PRL
      degradation by the high speed sediment (pH 4.5) was 3-10 times that by the low
      speed sediment (pH 7.4). Enzyme inhibitor analysis indicated differences in each
      of the cell fractions with regard to the types of proteases involved in PRL
      degradation. When compared with other tissues of the male rat, ventral prostate
      was the most active in degrading PRL and generating peptide fragments. In
      addition, kidney, spleen, and lung were among the more active tissues, whereas
      liver, was deferens, and dorsolateral prostate were relatively less active in
      degrading hormone. Our studies indicate that qualitatively different processes
      degraded PRL in each of the active subcellular fractions and that the generation
      of peptide fragments from PRL predominates in a lysosome-rich fraction of ventral
      prostate. The possible significance of subcellular variations in PRL processing
      and the generation of peptide fragments of the hormone by peripheral tissue are
      discussed.

PMID- 6378592
TI  - Release of insulin-like growth factors and binding protein activity into serum
      free medium of cultured human fibroblasts.
AB  - We have studied insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF-binding proteins
      released by human fibroblasts. Conditioned medium was obtained after incubation
      of 2 X 10(6) cells in 2 ml serum-free medium for 72 h. IGF binding protein was
      identified in aliquots of conditioned medium at 4 C for 16 h with [125]IGF II
      after charcoal separation. After gel filtration in neutral phosphate buffer
      through Sephadex G-150, the binding activity eluted with an apparent size greater
      than 100,000 daltons. After gel filtration through Bio-Rad P-100 in 1 M acetic
      acid, binding activity had a molecular size of about 50,000 daltons. When
      [125I]IGF-II bound to conditioned medium binding protein was cross-linked with
      disuccimidyl suberate and subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, the complex had an estimated molecular size of 67,000 daltons.
      Competitive binding studies with labeled and unlabeled IGF-I and IGF-II showed
      that IGF-II was preferentially bound by fibroblast binding protein. The above
      findings are characteristic of serum binding protein but not shed IGF surface
      receptors. To eliminate possible interference from binding proteins in the IGF-I
      RIA and the IGF-II radioreceptor assay, conditioned medium was subjected to acid
      gel filtration, and the peptide fractions were pooled. We found that conditioned
      medium of seven fibroblast lines contained 0.20 +/- 0.06 ng/ml IGF-I. After the
      addition of 20 ng/ml human GH (hGH), the conditioned medium contained 0.48 +/-
      0.09 ng/ml. These results are lower than those previously reported. One of the
      two lines of fibroblasts from patients apparently resistant to GH had a minimal
      increase in IGF-I in conditioned medium after hGH addition. We were able to
      detect IGF-II in fibroblast conditioned medium in concentrations of 4.4 to 21
      ng/ml but there was no consistent response to GH either in the normal fibroblast
      lines or in fibroblasts obtained from children with short stature.

PMID- 6378593
TI  - Specific localization of plasma corticosteroid-binding globulin immunoreactivity
      in pituitary corticotrophs.
AB  - The prevailing concept is that steroids are bound to specific receptors inside
      target cells, whereas extracellular and especially plasma binding of these
      steroids are due to specific transport proteins. The purpose of this study was to
      investigate the presence of corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) in guinea pig
      pituitary by immunohistochemical methods. Both immunofluorescence and an
      immunoperoxidase (unlabeled antibody-peroxidase-antiperoxidase) method using
      antiserum to guinea pig CBG gave identical results. CBG immunoreactivity was
      found inside cells of the pituitary gland (intermediate lobe and some cells of
      the anterior lobe). Control experiments with non-immune serum or anti-CBG serum
      previously immunoadsorbed with pure CBG did not show fluorescent or
      immunoreactive cells. Comparison of the immunoreactions obtained with anti-CBG
      serum and with antisera against the different pituitary hormones showed that "CBG
      like" antigen was only found in the corticotrophs. In contrast, other plasma
      proteins (albumin and immunoglobulins) were not detected in these cells. The
      presence of CBG immunoreactivity inside pituitary cells is, thus, cell specific
      and protein specific. The biological role and the origin (uptake from plasma or
      local synthesis) of the pituitary CBG-like protein are presently not understood.

PMID- 6378594
TI  - The degradation of monoiodotyrosyl insulin isomers by insulin protease.
AB  - The four single-site monoiodotyrosyl insulin isomers were synthesized by
      lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination of porcine insulin and were separated from
      one another by high performance liquid chromatography. The susceptibility of the
      four isomers (A14-, A19-, B16-, and B26-monoiodotyrosyl insulin) to degradation
      by purified insulin protease was examined using several different assay methods,
      including trichloroacetic acid precipitation, immunoprecipitation, and Sephadex G
      50 chromatograpy. Using trichloroacetic acid precipitation, isomer
      susceptibility, determined from the initial rate of hydrolysis, was highest with
      the A14 isomer, lowest with the A19 isomer, and intermediate and roughly equal
      with the two B-chain-labeled isomers. Based upon the initial rate of isomer
      hydrolysis, the Michaelis Menten constant (Km) of insulin protease was higher for
      the B16 isomer (55 nM) than for the other three isomers, whose Km values were not
      different from one another (A14 = 24 nM; A19 = 35 nM; B26 = 29 nM). In addition,
      the values for maximum velocity (Vmax) were higher for the A14 and B26 isomers
      than for the A19 and B16 isomers. However, during incubation, the order of isomer
      susceptibility to insulin protease changed to B26 greater than A14 greater than
      A19 greater than B16. This change in apparent isomer susceptibility was prevented
      by including in the incubation mixture a rat renal peptidase, which did not
      degrade the intact isomers, suggesting that insulin protease converted the
      isomers to trichloroacetic acid-soluble products via trichloroacetic acid
      precipitable intermediates. Using the immunoprecipitation assay, the
      susceptibility of isomers to hydrolysis did not change during incubation, but
      remained highest with the A14 isomer, lowest with the A19 isomer, and
      intermediate with the two B-chain-labeled isomers, of which the B16 isomer was
      degraded more rapidly. Each isomer was converted more rapidly to
      nonimmunoprecipitable products than to trichloroacetic acid-soluble products,
      implying that insulin protease converted the isomers to trichloroacetic acid
      precipitable, nonimmunoprecipitable intermediates, which it then converted to
      trichloroacetic acid-soluble form. Using Sephadex G-50 chromatography (SGC)
      assay, the susceptibility of isomers to hydrolysis did not change during
      incubation, but remained highest with the A14 isomer, lowest with the A19 isomer,
      and intermediate with the two B-chain-labeled isomers, of which the B16 isomer
      was hydrolyzed more rapidly. With the exception of the A19 isomer, isomer
      hydrolysis appeared faster with SGC assay than with either of the other two
      assays.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6378595
TI  - Long term superfusion of rat anterior pituitary cells: effects of repeated pulses
      of gonadotropin-releasing hormone at different doses, durations, and frequencies.
AB  - We investigated the temporal release of LH by rat pituitary cells superfused with
      repeated pulses of GnRH at different doses (amplitudes), frequencies, and pulse
      durations. Anterior pituitary (AP) cells prepared from ovariectomized rats were
      cultured on bio-beads and then placed in columns and superfused. The cells were
      stimulated intermittently for 24 h with synthetic GnRH given as pulses of 6-, 10
      , or 15-min duration at frequencies of one pulse per 30, 60, or 90 min. In the
      first experiment we tested the temporal response of cells exposed to different
      doses of GnRH. At all doses, the first pulse of GnRH stimulated greater LH
      release than subsequent pulses. The response to subsequent pulses varied with
      dose. At low doses (1 and 5 X 10(-10)M) of GnRH, the AP cells stabilized and
      released similar amounts of LH in response to each sequential identical GnRH
      pulse for up to 24 h. In contrast, at high doses (10(-8) and 10(-6)M) of GnRH,
      the AP cells gradually released less LH with each pulse. During the initial
      pulses, the dose-response curves of LH release were linear between doses of 5 X
      10(-10) to 1 X 10(-6) M GnRH. Thereafter, the maximum response was diminished,
      and the slope of the dose-response curve was reduced. In subsequent experiments
      we found that the decline in responsiveness with time was not due to either
      degradation of GnRH in the medium or loss of cell viability. The low
      responsiveness to high GnRH pulses at the end of the superfusion period could be
      overcome temporarily by further increasing the dose of GnRH. In the presence of
      high doses, changing GnRH pulse frequency from one 6-min pulse per h to one 6-min
      pulse per 1.5 h or changing duration from one repeated 10-min pulse per h to one
      repeated 6-min pulse per h had no detectable effect on the temporal pattern of LH
      release. These results suggest that, similar to constant infusion, pulsatile
      delivery of GnRH at high doses to AP cells can induce cell refractoriness to
      GnRH. This loss of responsiveness probably involves factors in addition to
      depletion of GnRH receptors and the releasable LH pool. In contrast, pulsatile
      delivery of low doses of GnRH appears to maintain LH release at a relatively
      constant level for up to 24 h.

PMID- 6378596
TI  - Vitamin D-dependent rat renal calcium-binding protein: development of a
      radioimmunoassay, tissue distribution, and immunologic identification.
AB  - A sensitive double antibody RIA has been developed for the 28,000 mol wt rat
      renal vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein. Using this assay,
      concentrations of calcium-binding protein (CaBP) as low as 30 ng can be measured.
      The assay is precise (intraassay variability, 5.0%) and reproductible (interassay
      variability, 8.2%). Measurements of renal CaBP by RIA showed a good correlation
      with measurements of CaBP by the chelex resin assay and by polyacrylamide gel
      analysis by densitometric tracing using a purified CaBP marker. The concentration
      of CaBP in the vitamin D-replete rat kidney is 7.3 +/- 1.0 (mean +/- SEM)
      micrograms/mg protein. In vitamin D-deficient rats the level of renal CaBP is 2.6
      +/- 0.3 micrograms/mg protein. Tissue distribution of immunoreactive rat renal
      CaBP showed the highest concentration of CaBP in the rat cerebellum (38.3 +/- 5.1
      micrograms/mg protein). Lower concentrations of immunoreactive CaBP were detected
      in several other rat tissues. No immunoreactive CaBP was detected in rat or human
      serum. In necropsy human kidney and cerebellum, high levels of immunoreactive
      CaBP were also detected (1.5 +/- 0.1 and 27.3 +/- 2.1 micrograms/mg protein,
      respectively). When extracts of rat kidney and brain and human cerebellum and
      kidney were assayed at several dilutions, immunodisplacement curves parallel to
      that of pure renal CaBP were observed, indicating immunochemical similarity.
      Fractionation of extracts of rat cerebellum, human kidney, and human cerebellum
      on Sephadex G-100 revealed immunoreactivity and calcium-binding activity in the
      28,000 mol wt region similar to rat kidney.

PMID- 6378597
TI  - Insulin receptor processing in hepatoma cells: some steps involved in both basal
      receptor turnover and insulin-induced down-regulation.
AB  - Insulin receptor processing was studied in cultured Zajdela hepatoma cells (ZHC).
      The basal receptor turnover was estimated in the presence of tunicamycin (TM),
      which inhibited the insertion into plasma membranes of newly synthesized
      underglycosylated receptors. After a lag phase of 4 h, the surface receptor
      number decreased, with a t 1/2 of 7 h, for up to 24 h. This process was markedly
      slowed down when cells were either briefly preincubated with dansylcadaverine,
      chloroquine, or cycloheximide or treated for 24 h with TM. The effects of these
      agents on the insulin-induced receptor down-regulation process was then tested.
      When cells were treated with chloroquine or dansylcadaverine or placed in calcium
      free medium, this process was impeded; similarly, it was inhibited by actinomycin
      D or cycloheximide, but was not affected by TM after a brief incubation. However,
      after a 24-h treatment with TM, it disappeared, although receptors remained
      functional when testing insulin's action upon glycogen synthesis. These results
      indicate that receptor degradation, both basal and activated by insulin leading
      to the down-regulated state, was altered under similar experimental conditions.
      The effects of dansylcadaverine, chloroquine, or the absence of calcium reveal
      that endocytotic pathways were involved in these processes. The results obtained
      when mRNA, protein, or glycoprotein synthesis was inhibited indicate that
      cellular glycoprotein(s) and short-lived protein(s) were necessary for the
      receptor processing in both cases. These data led us to postulate that basal and
      insulin-activated receptor degradation may occur in the same way within the cell.

PMID- 6378598
TI  - Identification and characterization of the insulin receptor of bovine retinal
      microvessels.
AB  - The presence of specific, high affinity receptors for insulin has been
      demonstrated in purified preparations of bovine retinal microvessels. The binding
      of [125I]insulin to isolated retinal microvessels was inhibited by unlabeled
      insulin, but not by other peptide hormones. Scatchard analysis of the
      [125I]insulin binding data gave a curvilinear plot similar to that exhibited by
      insulin receptors in known insulin-sensitive tissues such as adipocytes and
      hepatocytes. Binding of [125I]insulin to retinal microvessels, followed by
      covalent cross-linking of the bound ligand to the alpha-subunit of the insulin
      receptor with the bifunctional reagent disuccinimidyl suberate, yielded a
      prominent specific [125I]insulin-labeled band when analyzed by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-gel electrophoresis followed by autoradiography, and this band had a
      mobility identical to that of the corresponding complex obtained with rat liver
      plasma membranes (mol wt, 125,000). These results demonstrate for the first time
      that the retinal microvasculature, a major site of pathological injury in
      diabetes mellitus, contains insulin receptors that are similar to those present
      in known insulin-sensitive tissues, such as liver, fat, and muscle.

PMID- 6378599
TI  - Estradiol-induced daily luteinizing hormone and prolactin surges in young and
      middle-aged rats: correlations with age-related changes in pituitary
      responsiveness and catecholamine turnover rates in microdissected brain areas.
AB  - These studies assessed the effects of age on the ability of estradiol-17 beta
      (E2) to induce LH and PRL surges in ovariectomized young and middle-aged rats
      that previously had normal estrous cycles. We determined whether any changes in
      the timing or amplitude of these surges could be correlated with changes in
      pituitary responsiveness to GnRH or with changes in norepinephrine (NE) and
      dopamine (DA) turnover rates in microdissected brain regions involved in cyclic
      gonadotropin release. Young (3-4 months old) and middle-aged (9-12 months old)
      rats were ovariectomized. One week later (day 0), they received Silastic capsules
      containing E2 which produced physiological serum concentrations of E2. Groups of
      rats were bled sequentially via indwelling right atrial cannulae 1-4 days after
      capsule implantation (days 1-4). All young rats displayed maximal LH surges by
      day 2 and exhibited equivalent surges on days 3 and 4. Middle-aged rats required
      the presence of E2 for at least 3 days before a maximal positive feedback
      response was achieved. Even at these times the timing of the LH rise was delayed
      by 1 h and peak concentrations were lower in middle-aged rats. E2-induced PRL
      surges did not exhibit any age-related differences. Pituitary responsiveness to
      GnRH was tested by administering two injections of GnRH to pentobarbital-blocked
      young and middle-aged rats on days 2 and 4. Pituitary responsiveness to the first
      injection on day 2 was blunted in middle-aged rats; however, the LH response at
      all other times was normal. Catecholamine turnover rates were examined on days 2
      and 4 by giving alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine at 1000 or 1500 h and killing rats 45
      or 90 min later. Resting initial catecholamine concentrations were assessed in
      untreated rats killed at 1000 h or 1500 h. The medial preoptic nucleus,
      suprachiasmatic nucleus, and median eminence were microdissected and assayed for
      NE and DA by radioenzymatic assay. In young rats, NE turnover rates increased
      during the afternoon in all brain areas on both days. In contrast, in middle-aged
      rats, no increase in NE turnover rates was observed during the afternoon of day
      2. By day 4, the delayed and attenuated LH surge was accompanied by increased
      turnover rates in the median eminence only; no change occurred in the
      suprachiasmatic nucleus or medial preoptic nucleus. No age-related differences
      were observed in DA turnover rates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6378600
TI  - The hepatic extraction of gastric inhibitory polypeptide and insulin.
AB  - The hepatic extractions of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and insulin were
      determined using in vitro and in vivo methods to assess the role of the liver in
      GIP metabolism and the possible effect of GIP on the hepatic extraction of
      insulin. During in vitro studies using the isolated perfused rat liver, infusion
      of GIP (2000 pg/ml) alone and in combination with porcine insulin (200 microU/ml)
      resulted in negligible hepatic extraction of immunoreactive GIP (IR-GIP) in both
      fed and fasted animals during either physiologically euglycemic or hyperglycemic
      perfusions. Hepatic extraction of insulin, however, ranged from 26-36% in fasted
      animals and from 7-25% in fed animals. Hepatic extraction of insulin and net
      hepatic glucose appearance were minimally affected by GIP. In vivo studies in
      awake dogs were then performed, in which simultaneous portal and peripheral
      venous levels of IR-GIP, immunoreactive insulin (IRI), and glucose were assessed
      after intraduodenal glucose administration. The portal to peripheral (PORT/PERI)
      venous ratio of endogenous IRI and IR-GIP reflected the findings of the in vitro
      studies; the PORT/PERI ratio of IRI levels rose from a basal value of 1.9 +/- 0.3
      to a peak of 3.7 +/- 0.9, while the PORT/PERI ratio of IR-GIP levels rose from a
      basal value of 1.0 +/- 0.1 to a peak of 1.4 +/- 0.2, then rapidly returned to
      1.0. The in vivo data are consistent with a continuous hepatic extraction of 40
      50% of the insulin entering the liver and a negligible hepatic extraction of IR
      GIP. We conclude that hepatic extraction of GIP in vitro or in vivo is minimal.
      In addition, while the fed state of the animal before infusion can result in
      changes in the in vitro hepatic extraction of insulin, GIP does not mediate these
      changes.

PMID- 6378601
TI  - Thyroid hormones enhance the synthesis and secretion of alpha-lactalbumin by
      mouse mammary tissue in vitro.
AB  - The syntheses and secretion of casein and alpha-lactalbumin were examined in
      organ culture of midpregnancy mouse mammary glands using serum-free medium
      supplemented with various combinations of insulin, hydrocortisone, PRL, and L-T3.
      Using highly specific antibodies raised against mouse caseins and alpha
      lactalbumin, we demonstrate a selective enhancement of alpha-lactalbumin and
      lactose synthesis and secretion when all four hormones are present in the culture
      medium. Production of casein was not modified by the presence of L-T3.
      Hydrocortisone at concentrations of 10(-9)-10(-6) M inhibited the secretion of
      both casein and alpha-lactalbumin into the culture medium. The addition of L-T3
      to the medium selectively overcame the inhibition of alpha-lactalbumin secretion
      by hydrocortisone. Extracts of tissue cultured in the presence of L-T3 contained
      two distinct forms of alpha-lactalbumin, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the absence of L-T3, synthesis of a single
      form of alpha-lactalbumin prevailed. In the culture medium, predominantly one
      form of alpha-lactalbumin was detected regardless of the presence of L-T3 during
      culture. These data clearly indicate that thyroid hormones play an important
      regulatory role in functional differentiation of the mouse mammary gland.

PMID- 6378602
TI  - Suppression of the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge in the rat by 2
      hydroxyestrone: relationship to endogenous estradiol levels.
AB  - Injection of 100 micrograms 2-hydroxyestrone (2OHE1) at various times on the
      morning of proestrus into normal 4-day-cycling rats results in abolition of the
      preovulatory LH surge in a number of animals tested. The greatest response was
      observed when the administration of 2OHE1 coincided with endogenous estradiol
      (E2) levels that were close to but not at their maximal proestrous levels. The
      catechol estrogen failed to abolish the LH surge if given much earlier or after
      the E2 maximum had already been reached. The effectiveness of 2OHE1 inhibition of
      the LH surge was greatly increased by the administration of 1 microgram E2 1 h
      before the catechol estrogen. 2OHE1 did not interfere with LH secretion in
      response to LHRH administration, indicating that the inhibitory action of the
      catechol estrogen is exercised at the hypothalamic level. In contrast to its
      inhibition of the positive feedback, 2OHE1 administered either before or after
      the injection of E2 to ovariectomized rats had no effect on the negative feedback
      of the hormone on pituitary LH secretion. The narrow and specific "time window"
      on proestrus when an injection of 2OHE1 results in the abolition of the
      preovulatory LH surge and its relation to the endogenous E2 preovulatory
      secretion suggest that the catechol estrogen interferes with a brief neuronal
      triggering event obligatory for LHRH release. The evidence also indicates that
      this action does not involve conventional competition for the E2 receptor.

PMID- 6378603
TI  - The antilipolytic, insulin-like effect of growth hormone is caused by a net
      decrease of hormone-sensitive lipase phosphorylation.
AB  - The mechanism of the antilipolytic effect of GH and the cause of refractoriness
      to its own action was studied in isolated rat adipocytes. Human GH rapidly
      inhibited catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis rate, with a time course similar to
      that of insulin, but only in cells which had been preincubated in the absence of
      GH for 2-3 h. Half-maximal inhibition was obtained with a GH concentration of 100
      ng/ml. Parallel determinations of the lipolysis rate (with a pH-stat titration
      technique) and the extent of phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase, the
      rate-controlling enzyme in adipose tissue lipolysis, were made. The extent of
      lipase phosphorylation, 1.7-fold enhanced by previous noradrenaline stimulation,
      was rapidly reversed by addition of GH, and the decrease was followed by a
      parallel decrease in the lipolysis rate. The time course and magnitude of these
      effects was similar to those obtained with exposure of the cells to insulin,
      indicating that the antilipolytic effect of both hormones was exerted through the
      same mechanism: a net dephosphorylation of the hormone-sensitive lipase. To study
      the refractoriness of the fat cells to the action of GH (which was not found with
      insulin) adipocytes were prepared from hypophysectomized rats 24 h after surgery.
      With such cells no preincubation was required to obtain the effects of GH on the
      lipolysis rate and extent of hormone-sensitive lipase phosphorylation. The
      effects of GH on both of the parameters studied were similar to those obtained in
      nonhypophysectomized rats. These results suggest that the refractoriness of the
      fat cells to GH may be explained by a functional inhibition at a site(s) in the
      series of metabolic events initiated by GH action, which precedes the activation
      of the hormone-sensitive lipase.

PMID- 6378605
TI  - Effect of pentobarbital anesthesia on plasma norepinephrine kinetics in dogs.
AB  - To assess the effect of barbiturate anesthesia on sympathetic nervous system
      activity, plasma norepinephrine (NE) kinetics were measured in trained dogs with
      an indwelling right atrial catheter before and during iv administration of
      pentobarbital sodium (30 mg/kg, iv, plus continuous infusion at 0.1-0.2 mg/kg X
      min). Plasma NE levels fell by 64 +/- 6% from 103 +/- 22 to 42 +/- 18 pg/ml (mean
      +/- SEM; n = 6; P less than 0.001) during pentobarbital anesthesia. As measured
      with the isotope dilution method using steady state kinetics, basal NE spillover
      rate into plasma was 203 +/- 92 ng/min; this level fell by 91 +/- 2% (P less than
      0.001) to 24 +/- 13 ng/min during anesthesia. Clearance of NE from plasma was
      also impaired by the anesthesia. Before pentobarbital administration, the NE
      clearance rate from plasma was 1.7 +/- 0.4 liters/min; this rate fell during
      anesthesia by 71 +/- 6% (P less than 0.001) to 0.5 +/- 0.2 liters/min. During
      control studies in which no barbiturate was administered, there was no change in
      plasma NE levels (111 +/- 11 vs. 116 +/- 19 pg/ml; n = 3), NE spillover rate into
      plasma (209 +/- 56 vs. 204 +/- 61 ng/min), or clearance of NE from plasma (1.8 +/
      0.4 vs. 1.7 +/- 0.2 liters/min). The marked suppression of the NE spillover rate
      into plasma during pentobarbital administration suggests that this type of
      anesthesia causes a profound suppression of baseline sympathetic nervous system
      activity in trained dogs. The observed fall of plasma NE levels underestimated
      the degree of suppression of sympathetic nervous activity by the anesthesia,
      since there was a concurrent fall in NE clearance from plasma.

PMID- 6378606
TI  - 65Zinc and endogenous zinc content and distribution in islets in relationship to
      insulin content.
AB  - Uptake of 65Zn and distribution of 65Zn, total zinc, and insulin were measured in
      rat islets and islet granules under different conditions of islet culture.
      Specific activity of islet zinc (65Zn/zinc) was less than 15% that of
      extracellular zinc even after 48 h. In contrast, once in the islet, 65Zn
      approached 70% of equilibrium with granular zinc in 24 h and apparent equilibrium
      by 48 h. During a 24-h culture, at either high or low glucose, reduction of both
      islet zinc and insulin occurred. However, zinc depletion was greater than that
      predicted if zinc loss was proportional to insulin depletion and occurred only
      from the granular compartment, which represents only one third of the total islet
      zinc. Extension of culture to 48 h caused additional insulin depletion, but islet
      zinc was unchanged. Omission of calcium during the 48-h culture caused a
      predicted increase in insulin retention, presumably by inhibiting secretion;
      however, zinc retention was not increased proportionately. Pretreatment of rats
      with tolbutamide caused a massive depletion of insulin stored in isolated islets,
      with little change in total islet zinc; subsequent culture of these islets
      resulted in a greater loss of granular zinc than predicted from the small loss of
      granular insulin. None of the conditions tested affected the percentage of either
      65Zn or total zinc that was distributed in the islet granules. Results show that
      zinc exists in a metabolically labile islet compartment(s) as well as in
      secretory granules; and extra-granular zinc, although not directly associated
      with insulin storage, may act as a reservoir for granular zinc and may regulate
      insulin synthesis, storage, and secretion in ways as yet unknown.

PMID- 6378604
TI  - Insulin and aldosterone interaction on NA+ and K+ transport in cultured kidney
      cells (A6).
AB  - The effects of aldosterone (A) and insulin (I) on active Na+ transport [short
      circuit current (Isc)] and basolateral to apical K+ transport were evaluated in
      cultured epithelia derived from toad kidney (A6). Aldosterone plus insulin (A +
      I) stimulated Isc approximately 2 times the sum of the increments induced by A
      and I separately. Time courses of Isc stimulation by A + I in epithelia
      pretreated with A demonstrated that the synergism began about 80 min after the
      addition of insulin. The effect of A and I on basolateral to apical K+ transport
      was evaluated by apical K+ accumulation (flame photometry) in epithelia incubated
      for 24 h with K+-free medium initially placed on the apical side and various K+
      concentrations on the basolateral side. At 4.5 mM basolateral K+, I had virtually
      no effect on basolateral to apical K+ transport, while both A and A + I produced
      significant increases (44% and 116%, respectively). Stimulation of basolateral to
      apical K+ transport by A + I was found to be concentration dependent. The EC50
      for A stimulation (fixed I concentration) of K+ transport and Isc was 1-3 X 10(
      8) M, which is quite similar to the Kd for nuclear binding of A previously
      reported. Our findings are consistant with the hypothesis that insulin, in
      addition to its own effects on Na+ transport, may cause an amplification of the
      mechanism of action of aldosterone on Na+ and K+ transport. The synergistic
      responses produced by A + I may represent an important hormonal interaction in
      regulation of transepithelial Na+ and K+ transport.

PMID- 6378607
TI  - Evidence that copper-amino acid complexes are potent stimulators of the release
      of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone from isolated hypothalamic granules.
AB  - Chelated copper has been previously shown to stimulate the release of LHRH from
      isolated hypothalamic granules. In this study, we evaluated the chelator
      specificity, the kinetic constants, and the characteristics of copper interaction
      with LHRH granules. LHRH granules were isolated from the median eminence area of
      adult male rats and then incubated in a buffered medium at 37 C. Release of LHRH
      into the incubation medium was assessed by RIA of LHRH remaining in the granules
      after incubation. It was found that CuHistidine (CuHis) as well as CuCysteine
      markedly stimulated LHRH release from the isolated granules, release being 56%
      and 63%, respectively, of the total LHRH content of granules incubated in buffer
      alone. In contrast, neither CuGly-His-Lys nor CuBSA stimulated LHRH release. The
      CuHis-stimulated release of LHRH was a saturable function of the concentration of
      CuHis. The Michaelis-Menten constants of this release process were estimated; the
      apparent Km for copper was found to be 4 microM, and the maximal velocity was 65%
      of the granule content of LHRH released in 5 min. In addition, we noted that
      CuHis-stimulated release of LHRH, assessed 6 min after CuHis, was completely
      abolished when dithiothreitol (DTT) was added immediately after CuHis, partially
      abolished when added 1 or 2 min after CuHis, and not affected at all when added 3
      min after CuHis. This time course of DTT inhibition of LHRH release suggests that
      a period of 2-3 min of copper interaction with the granules is required for the 6
      min manifestation of copper action. Furthermore, this DTT-inhibitable interaction
      of copper did not occur when granules were incubated at 4 C. In summary the
      findings that copper, chelated to putative circulating chelators, markedly
      stimulates LHRH release and that the apparent Km of 4 microM for copper in this
      process is within the concentration range for the physiological action of copper
      support the proposal that blood-borne copper can interact rapidly with the LHRH
      granule in an energy-requiring fashion and that, consequent to this interaction,
      LHRH release occurs.

PMID- 6378608
TI  - A case of normotensive primary aldosteronism--comparison with 13 previously
      experienced cases with hypertension.
AB  - A 47-year-old woman with normotensive primary aldosteronism is reported. In this
      case, hypopotassemia was found, but the patient's blood pressure was within the
      normal range. Her condition was diagnosed as primary aldosteronism without
      hypertension, which is very rare, based on an increased level of plasma
      aldosterone concentration, low plasma renin activity, and a typical finding of
      aldosterone-producing adenoma by adrenal scintigraphy. In the present case,
      similar values for urinary volume, renal function, plasma aldosterone
      concentration, plasma renin activity, plasma volume, total exchangeable sodium,
      urinary kallikrein excretion and a similar weight of the resected adenoma, but a
      shorter duration between the onset of symptom and hospital admission were
      observed as compared with those in 13 previously experienced cases of primary
      aldosteronism with hypertension. Thus, a shorter duration of primary
      aldosteronism appears to be an important factor in explaining the mechanism of
      normotension. However, we were unable to reach a definite conclusion and this is
      only a hypothesis. Further investigation will be required to clarify the
      mechanism of normotension in primary aldosteronism.

PMID- 6378609
TI  - [Changes in blood insulin levels in obese children during fasting and after oral
      administration of glucose].

PMID- 6378610
TI  - Thyroglobulin and thyroid hormone synthesis.

PMID- 6378611
TI  - Alveolar macrophage plasminogen activator.
AB  - Plasminogen activator is a neutral serine protease secreted by many different
      cells, including activated peritoneal macrophages, which can mediate both
      inflammation and fibrinolysis and perhaps cytolysis of tumor cells. Secretion of
      plasminogen activator by rabbit alveolar macrophages derived from normal animals
      and rabbits pretreated with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) to activate these
      macrophages was examined. Plasminogen activator was secreted into media of
      cultured alveolar macrophages, but was not present within the cells. Secretion,
      which was dependent upon the presence of viable cells, could be blocked by
      protein synthesis inhibitors and enhanced by concanavalin A and phorbol myristate
      acetate. The inhibition profile of rabbit alveolar macrophage plasminogen
      activator is consistent with that of a serine protease. Plasminogen activator is
      present in two forms with molecular weights of 28,000 and 45,000. Alveolar
      macrophage plasminogen activator was secreted in cultures from most rabbits (17
      of 23) pretreated with BCG, but rarely in those from normal animals (2 of 14).
      Lavage fluids from many rabbits contained viable Bordetella bronchiseptica, but
      the presence of this organism showed no correlation with secretion of plasminogen
      activator. Rabbit alveolar macrophages secrete a plasminogen activator similar to
      that secreted by mouse peritoneal macrophages as described previously. Secretion
      is enhanced by activation of alveolar macrophage populations.

PMID- 6378614
TI  - Validation of the phenomenon of regression of seizure frequency in epilepsy.
AB  - A phenomenon known as regression of seizure frequency toward the median was
      observed in a previous clinical study performed in patients with partial
      seizures. Regression of seizure frequency is a situation in which patients with a
      frequency of seizures above the median value for the group during an initial
      period have a tendency to have frequency of seizures decrease during a subsequent
      period, and other patients with a lower frequency of seizures during the initial
      period increase their frequency during a subsequent period. To investigate this
      further, eight published sets of clinical data obtained in epileptic patients
      with various seizure types were identified by a literature search. Three separate
      analyses were conducted for each data set. All three analyses clearly
      demonstrated that regression to the median was present in the studies evaluated.
      It was concluded that this phenomenon is a real effect in epilepsy and occurs in
      patients with a wide variety of seizure types. The implication of this phenomenon
      for physicians treating epileptic patients is that there is value in establishing
      pattern of seizure frequency for individual patients. This information can be
      used in assessing those patients whose seizure frequency has increased. The
      implications of this phenomenon for designing and evaluating antiepileptic drug
      studies are also discussed.

PMID- 6378613
TI  - New comments on the epilepsy of Fyodor Dostoevsky.
AB  - Based on recent data on the symptomatology of epileptic seizures and the
      interictal behavior shown by Dostoevsky, the author considers the debate open as
      to whether Dostoevsky presented primary generalized epilepsy or temporal lobe
      epilepsy. It is concluded that the most reasonable hypothesis on this subject is
      an eclectic one, wherein both etiologies of epilepsy would have been present with
      Dostoevsky displaying both of the following: a lesion of the temporal lobe of
      very discreet magnitude, thus lacking mental or somatic expression in the
      interictal period; and a constitutional predisposition to epilepsy of sufficient
      magnitude to render epileptogenic this otherwise silent temporal lesion, thus
      leading to a practically immediate secondary generalization of each seizure.

PMID- 6378612
TI  - Inflammation and airway reactivity.

PMID- 6378615
TI  - Lorazepam: a controlled trial in patients with intractable partial complex
      seizures.
AB  - Lorazepam was studied in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial in
      eight patients with frequent partial complex seizures refractory to therapy with
      a combination of standard anticonvulsant drugs. Concomitant antiepileptic drugs
      were maintained at therapeutic serum levels throughout the study, and
      concentrations of lorazepam were monitored. Following an 8-week baseline
      observation, patients were randomly assigned to placebo or lorazepam (1 mg BID).
      The dose was increased biweekly until seizures stopped or unacceptable side
      effects occurred. Eight weeks later, patients were crossed over, and the same
      escalating dose paradigm was followed. When seizure frequency during the last 2
      weeks of each treatment was compared, seven of eight patients had fewer seizures
      on lorazepam, and the eighth had decreased seizure duration (a significant
      difference: p less than 0.01, two-tailed sign test). Blood level data suggest a
      narrow therapeutic window, with seizure improvement occurring at concentrations
      of 20-30 ng/ml and side effects at greater than 33 ng/ml. Lorazepam appears to be
      a useful adjunct in refractory partial complex seizure therapy. It should not be
      stopped abruptly, as an increase in seizure frequency may result.

PMID- 6378616
TI  - A molecular approach to defining the inherited components in epilepsy and other
      diseases of uncertain etiology.
AB  - A general method has been developed which, in theory, will make it possible to
      follow the inheritance of virtually all genes in human families. This method,
      based on genetic linkage, envisions the use of cloned single copy human
      deoxyribonucleic acid probes to reveal restriction fragment length polymorphisms
      as genetic markers. Such markers can be assembled into a linkage map which can be
      applied to analysis of inherited diseases. It is speculated that such a map might
      help to clarify the role that heredity plays in the etiology of epilepsy.

PMID- 6378617
TI  - Carcinogenicity of dimethoate.
AB  - Studies on the carcinogenicity of the insecticide dimethoate in animals were
      reviewed. Examination of histological sections showed that dimethoate is highly
      carcinogenic in Osborne-Mendel rats. Neoplasms at all sites, as well as malignant
      neoplasms, were increased in both low and high doses of dimethoate-treated male
      rats in the National Cancer Institute study. The malignant neoplasms were both
      carcinomas and sarcomas. Neoplasms of the endocrine organs, particularly
      carcinomas, were increased in male and female rats given dimethoate. These
      carcinomas were observed in the adrenal, thyroid, and pituitary glands. Neoplasms
      were also increased in the liver of male and female rats and in the reproductive
      organs of female rats given dimethoate. Male and female rats treated with
      dimethoate developed monocytic leukemia. There also were toxic changes in rats.
      Male rats had atrophy of the testes, chronic renal disease, parathyroid
      hyperplasia, and polyarteritis. Wistar male and female rats given dimethoate by
      gavage or intramuscularly developed a significant increase in malignant
      neoplasms, mainly sarcomas, and granulocytic leukemia. AB male and female mice
      also had an increased incidence of malignant neoplasms and granulocytic leukemia
      after dermal applications of dimethoate.

PMID- 6378618
TI  - Biological effects of small air ions: a review of findings and methods.
AB  - A wide variety of effects of exposure to small air ions have been reported, but
      these are difficult to evaluate because of limitations in experimental design and
      control. These limitations are discussed, and trends in the literature are
      reviewed. It is concluded that small air ions are likely to have biological
      effects, that these effects may be related to polarity, and that where effects
      occur they are likely to be small in magnitude and difficult to detect reliably.

PMID- 6378619
TI  - Localization of the ribosomal genes in Caenorhabditis elegans chromosomes by in
      situ hybridization using biotin-labeled probes.
AB  - The site of the ribosomal gene cluster on embryonic metaphase chromosomes of
      Caenorhabditis elegans has been mapped by in situ hybridization using probe DNAs
      that have been nick-translated to incorporate biotin-labeled UTP. The hybridized
      probe DNA was detected by a double-layer fluorescent antibody technique. Since
      chromosomes from wild-type C. elegans embryos are indistinguishable, in situ
      hybridization was carried out with chromosomes from C. elegans strains carrying
      cytologically distinct translocation or duplication chromosomes in order to
      identify the right end of linkage group I as the site of the ribosomal genes.
      Chromosomes carrying a lethal mutation, let-209 I displayed smaller hybridization
      signals than wild-type, suggesting that these chromosomes carried a partial
      deficiency of the ribosomal gene cluster. A duplication of the ribosomal genes,
      eDp20(I;II) rescued let-209 homozygotes. Chromosomes carrying the alterations in
      the ribosomal genes were combined with mnT12(IV;X) to facilitate the mapping of
      genes in C. elegans by in situ hybridization. Linkage groups I and II are then
      labeled by the distinctive hybridization signals from the ribosomal probes,
      linkage groups IV and X are together distinguishable morphologically and linkage
      group V is labeled by hybridization to a 5S gene probe.

PMID- 6378620
TI  - Correlation of exons with structural domains in alcohol dehydrogenase.
AB  - The intron/exon arrangement in the gene sequence of maize alcohol dehydrogenase
      has been compared to the three dimensional structure of liver alcohol
      dehydrogenase. The co-enzyme binding domain is separated from the catalytic
      domain by introns four and nine. Intron seven separates the co-enzyme binding
      domain into two structurally similar mononucleotide binding units. The first of
      these units is divided by introns five and six into three structurally similar
      alpha beta modules. Implications of these results for protein evolution is
      discussed. All splice junctions map close to or at the surface of the domains,
      and several of these cannot be identified by distance maps.

PMID- 6378621
TI  - Three-dimensional structure of fungal proteinase K reveals similarity to
      bacterial subtilisin.
AB  - The three-dimensional structure of the fungal serine protease proteinase K has
      been determined at 3.3 A resolution by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
      The enzyme crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P4(3)2(1)2 with cell
      constants a = b = 68.3 A, c = 108.5 A. The asymmetric unit consists of one
      monomer of 27 000 daltons mol. wt., approximately 50% higher than the so far
      assumed value of 18 500 daltons. The main chain fold of proteinase K shows a high
      degree of tertiary homology with the corresponding bacterial subtilisin BPN'.
      Proteinase K is the second enzyme in this family of serine proteases to be
      studied by X-ray diffraction, thus confirming the existence of two unrelated
      families of serine proteases in pro-and eukaryotes.

PMID- 6378622
TI  - A family of dispersed repetitive extragenic palindromic DNA sequences in E. coli.
AB  - We report the properties of 67 members of a family of dispersed repetitive
      palindromic extragenic bacterial DNA sequences. These sequences, called
      palindromic units, appear to be present at least several hundred times outside
      structural genes on the Escherichia coli chromosome. They are found either in
      clusters - as in a previously described intercistronic element - or in single
      occurrences. They are not only found within an operon but also between different
      operons, including between convergent ones. The palindromic units could yield a
      stem and loop structure at the level of DNA or RNA. The base of the stem is made
      of eight remarkably conserved base pairs while the rest varies somewhat in length
      and sequence. We analyse the data available on the palindromic units and we
      speculate on their possible roles with emphasis on transcription and mRNA
      stability or processing, as well as on their possible relation to transposition
      elements and the modular evolution of the genome.

PMID- 6378623
TI  - Comparison of a forward and a reverse mutation assay in Salmonella typhimurium
      measuring L-arabinose resistance and histidine prototrophy.
AB  - A forward and a reverse mutation assay designed to detect environmental mutagens
      have been compared in Salmonella typhimurium. The forward mutation assay scored
      resistance to L-arabinose and the reverse assay, reversion of histidine
      auxotrophy. Eighteen chemicals of different structural groups, all known to be
      mutagenic in the histidine reverse assay, were applied to strains carrying the
      genetic markers needed to perform both mutation assays. The mutagenicity of each
      chemical was determined by both plate and liquid tests. The plate test counted
      absolute numbers of surviving mutants and the liquid test separately measured
      survival and frequency of mutants among the survivors. All the chemicals used
      were found to be mutagenic in both mutation assays. The response of the L
      arabinose assay was equal to or larger than the response of the histidine assay
      in the case of 16 chemicals. The two other compounds, 2-nitrofluorene and sodium
      azide, were detected more efficiently by the histidine assay. Sodium azide, a non
      carcinogenic compound, is a potent mutagen in the histidine assay, but very weak
      in the L-arabinose assay.

PMID- 6378624
TI  - Conformational and functional similarities between glutaredoxin and thioredoxins.
AB  - The tertiary structures of thioredoxin from Escherichia coli and bacteriophage T4
      have been compared and aligned giving a common fold of 68 C alpha atoms with a
      root mean square difference of 2.6 A. The amino acid sequence of glutaredoxin has
      been aligned to those of the thioredoxins assuming that glutaredoxin has the same
      common fold. A model of the glutaredoxin molecule was built on a vector display
      using this alignment and the T4 thioredoxin tertiary structure. By comparison of
      the model with those of the thioredoxins, we have identified a molecular surface
      area on one side of the redox-active S-S bridge which we suggest is the binding
      area of these molecules for redox interactions with other proteins. This area
      comprises residues 33-34, 75-76 and 91-93 in E. coli thioredoxin; 15-16, 65-66
      and 76-78 in T4 thioredoxin and 12-13, 59-60 and 69-71 in glutaredoxin. In all
      three molecules, this part of the surface is flat and hydrophobic. Charged groups
      are completely absent. In contrast, there is a cluster of charged groups on the
      other side of the S-S bridge which we suggest participates in the mechanisms of
      the redox reactions. In particular, a lysine residue close to an aromatic ring is
      conserved in all molecules.

PMID- 6378625
TI  - Production of EGF-containing polypeptides in Xenopus oocytes microinjected with
      submaxillary gland mRNA.
AB  - The biosynthesis of epidermal growth factor (EGF), a 6045 dalton mitogen produced
      in the mouse submaxillary gland under androgen regulation, was studied using
      Xenopus oocytes. Microinjection of total, unfractionated gland mRNA together with
      [35S]cysteine resulted in the production of a secretory polypeptide of
      approximately 9000 daltons, specifically immunoprecipitable with anti-EGF
      antibodies. A minor amount of a similarly immunoreactive 9000 dalton secretory
      polypeptide was produced from the sucrose gradient 9S fraction of gland mRNA.
      Other, more intensely labeled polypeptides, a cytoplasmic 125 000 dalton and a
      secretory 110 000 dalton protein were immunoprecipitated from oocytes injected
      with the greater than 25S mRNA fraction. The biosynthesis of both can hardly be
      detected in oocytes injected with unfractionated mRNA. All three polypeptides are
      produced under androgen regulation and share common immunoreactive properties.
      Northern blot analysis using a 76 nucleotide synthetic EGF cDNA probe revealed
      hybridization with a single 28S mRNA species. This, and the apparent
      interrelation between the three polypeptides, suggest that a gland-specific
      processing protein, encoded by a 9S mRNA, is required to produce the 9000 dalton
      pro-EGF from the nascent translation product of EGF mRNA.

PMID- 6378626
TI  - The korB gene of broad host range plasmid RK2 is a major copy number control
      element which may act together with trfB by limiting trfA expression.
AB  - For replication, plasmid RK2 encodes a vegetative replication origin, oriV RK2,
      and a gene, trfA, whose polypeptide product(s) is essential for oriV RK2
      activity. The trfA gene is transcribed as part of a polycistronic operon which
      also includes kilD. Transcription of this operon is negatively regulated by the
      products of the trfB/korD/korA and korB loci. Mini replicons previously studied
      in detail lack the korB locus and have copy numbers significantly higher than RK2
      itself. Here we report that korB in trans expresses incompatibility towards RK2
      replicons either when the korB gene dosage is high or when it is expressed from a
      strong foreign promoter. This incompatibility can be largely overcome if a trfA
      gene which is expressed from a foreign promoter, and is therefore not regulated
      by korB, is supplied in trans. When korB is introduced in cis to mini RK2
      replicons the copy number is reduced to within the range estimated for parental
      RK2. Deletions in the oriV RK2 region which otherwise cause quite large increases
      in plasmid copy number have only a small effect when korB is present in cis.
      These results suggest that korB in combination with trfB may be the overriding
      copy number control element in RK2 reducing trfA expression to levels limiting
      for replication.

PMID- 6378627
TI  - Role of attenuation in growth rate-dependent regulation of the S10 r-protein
      operon of E. coli.
AB  - We have investigated the transcription of the 11 gene S10 ribosomal protein
      operon of Escherichia coli under various growth conditions. The differential
      synthesis rate of structural gene message increases 2- to 2.5-fold immediately
      after a shift-up from glycerol minimal medium to glucose plus amino acids. After
      the initial increase, the transcription rate goes through several oscillations
      before reaching the new steady-state rate. By comparing the rates of
      transcription of leader and structural genes, we conclude that these oscillations
      are due predominantly to changes in the level of read-through at the S10
      attenuator. This regulation of attenuation can account for most of the variations
      in protein synthesis from the S10 operon after a shift. We also measured the
      level of read-through in cells growing exponentially in different growth media.
      Over a 2.5-fold range in growth rates, the read-through changed less than 50%.
      Thus, regulation of attenuation cannot explain the growth-dependent regulation of
      ribosomal protein synthesis during steady-state growth. Apparently, additional
      mechanisms are required to control the expression of the S10 operon in
      exponentially growing cells.

PMID- 6378629
TI  - [Veneer crowns: loose facings. Their cause and repair].

PMID- 6378628
TI  - RNA secondary structure and translation inhibition: analysis of mutants in the
      rplJ leader.
AB  - We have carried out measurements of the stable binding of the ribosomal protein
      (r-protein) complex L10-L7/L12 to mutant forms of the mRNA leader of the rplJ
      operon of Escherichia coli. One of the point mutations, base 1548, which lies
      within the L10-L7/L12-protected region, almost completely abolishes in vitro
      formation of a stable complex of L10-L7/L12 with rplJ mRNA leader, and a second
      point mutation, base 1634, strongly reduces it. These observations constitute
      strong support for the proposition that L10-L7/L12 binds to the rplJ leader in
      bringing about translational feedback. To account for the action of these and
      other mutations, and to explain the mechanism of translation feedback inhibition,
      we suggest a secondary structure model involving alternate forms of the rplJ mRNA
      leader.

PMID- 6378630
TI  - Detection of malaria antigens in urine, using a solid-phase radioimmunoassay:
      preliminary study.

PMID- 6378631
TI  - Boar acrosin is a two-chain molecule. Isolation and primary structure of the
      light chain; homology with the pro-part of other serine proteinases.
AB  - Acrosin (EC 3.4.21.10), the major proteinase of mammalian spermatozoa, has been
      demonstrated to be a two-chain glycoprotein with an Mr-4200 light chain
      covalently attached to an Mr-37000 heavy chain. Following mercaptolysis of the
      disulfide bonds, the two chains were separated by high-performance liquid
      chromatography on a reversed-phase column. Sequence analysis of the isolated
      light chain (23 amino acid residues) indicated a considerable sequence homology
      with the bovine chymotrypsinogen activation peptide (6 out of 15 positions with
      identical amino acids, i.e. 40% identity) and the pro-part of other serine
      proteinases (17-22% identity), thus suggesting that the acrosin light chain
      corresponds to the pro-part of the acrosin zymogen. In position 3, the light
      chain confers a carbohydrate side chain N-glycosidically linked to the acceptor
      sequence Asn-Xaa-Thr. Evidence is presented that the acrosin light chain is
      connected via two disulfide bridges to the heavy chain which contains about 320
      amino acids including the active-site residues of the proteinase.

PMID- 6378632
TI  - A multifunctional fermentative alcohol dehydrogenase from the strict aerobe
      Alcaligenes eutrophus: purification and properties.
AB  - A NAD (P)-linked alcohol dehydrogenase was isolated from the soluble extract of
      the strictly respiratory bacterium Alcaligenes eutrophus N9A. Derepression of the
      formation of this enzyme occurs only in cells incubated under conditions of
      restricted oxygen supply for prolonged times. The purification procedure included
      precipitation by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and ammonium sulfate and
      subsequent chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, Cibacron blue F3G-A Sepharose and
      thiol-Sepharose. The procedure resulted in a 120-fold purification of a
      multifunctional alcohol dehydrogenase exhibiting dehydrogenase activities for 2,3
      butanediol, ethanol and acetaldehyde and reductase activities for diacetyl,
      acetoin and acetaldehyde. During purification the ratio between 2,3-butanediol
      dehydrogenase and ethanol dehydrogenase activity remained nearly constant.
      Recovering about 20% of the initial 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase activity, the
      specific activity of the final preparation was 70.0 U X mg protein-1 (2,3
      butanediol oxidation) and 2.8 U X mg protein-1 (ethanol oxidation). The alcohol
      dehydrogenase is a tetramer of a relative molecular mass of 156000 consisting of
      four equal subunits. The determination of the Km values for different substrates
      and coenzymes as well as the determination of the pH optima for the reactions
      catalyzed resulted in values which were in good agreement with the fermentative
      function of this enzyme. The alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzed the NAD (P)
      dependent dismutation of acetaldehyde to acetate and ethanol. This reaction was
      studied in detail, and its possible involvement in acetate formation is
      discussed. Among various compounds tested for affecting enzyme activity only NAD,
      NADP, AMP, ADP, acetate and 2-mercaptoethanol exhibited significant effects.

PMID- 6378633
TI  - Methylated proteins and amino acids in the ribosomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - The occurrence of methylated proteins in the ribosomes of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae was investigated by tracing the transfer of radioactive methyl groups
      from S-adenosyl methionine, taken up by growing cells, into the protein moiety of
      ribosomes. It was estimated that the large subunit contained about 10 protein
      bound methyl groups distributed mainly among proteins YL23, YL32 and YL1. The
      small subunit contained at most 2-4 methyl groups in proteins. Methyl groups
      could be transferred in vitro to proteins YL23 and YL32 in extracts from cultures
      of an S-adenosyl methionine auxotroph deprived of the methyl-group donor. In the
      most heavily methylated proteins the methylated amino acids formed in vitro were
      the same as those found in vivo (monomethyllysine and dimethyllysine in YL32;
      dimethyl and trimethyllsine in YL23). It is concluded that the enzymatic reaction
      in vitro faithfully saturates with methyl groups the target amino acids which are
      normally fully methylated in vivo.

PMID- 6378634
TI  - Regulation of peripheral insulin/glucagon levels by rat liver.
AB  - The concentrations of insulin and glucagon were measured in the portal and
      hepatic vein, the abdominal aorta and caval vein in the rat during a normal 24-h
      feeding cycle. Portal insulin levels showed little diurnal variation while
      hepatovenous and peripheral values were clearly increased during the eating
      phase. Conversely, portal glucagon levels were maximal during the fasting period
      while hepatovenous and peripheral concentrations showed little diurnal variation.
      The removal of insulin and glucagon by the liver was not constant, but
      independently regulated. During meals the liver increased the high portal
      insulin/glucagon ratio further to an even higher peripheral ratio favouring
      glucose utilization, e.g. by muscle and adipose tissue. During a short fast the
      liver decreased the low portal insulin/glucagon ratio further to an even lower
      peripheral ratio leading to glucose saving, e.g. by muscle and adipose tissue in
      favour of the brain and erythrocytes. The results indicate that the liver has an
      important role in the regulation of peripheral insulin/glucagon levels.

PMID- 6378635
TI  - A solution equivalent of the 2Zn----4Zn transformation of insulin in the crystal.
AB  - Circular dichroic spectroscopy clearly reveals a solvent-induced conformational
      change of insulin in the presence of zinc ions. The spectral change corresponds
      to an increase in helix content. The transition observed in solution is an
      equivalent of the 2Zn----4Zn insulin transformation in the crystal. This is
      inferred from a series of observations. (1) The spectral effects are compatible
      with the refolding of the B-chain N-terminus into a helix known from crystal
      studies. (2) The spectral effects are induced by the very same conditions which
      are known to induce the 2Zn----4Zn insulin transformation in the crystal (i.e.
      threshold concentrations of NaCl, KSCN, NaI, for example). (3) They fail to be
      induced by the same conditions that fail to induce the crystal transformation
      (e.g. Ni2+ instead of Zn2+). It is concluded that the potential to undergo the
      transition resides in the hexamer since neither insulin dimers nor monomeric des
      pentapeptideB26-30-insulin respond detectably to high halide concentration.
      Secondly the ability of zinc ions to accommodate tetrahedral coordination allows
      the transition which is not permitted by other divalent metal ions. Thirdly the
      transition is independent of the off-axial tetrahedral zinc coordination sites
      since it occurs in [AlaB5]insulin which lacks the B5 histidine necessary for
      their formation. A symmetrically rearranged hexamer thus appears possible with
      two tetrahedrally coordinated zinc ions on the threefold axis; this is consistent
      with the observation that in native insulin two zinc ions per hexamer are
      sufficient to produce the full spectral effect. The amount of additional helix
      derived from the circular dichroic spectral change, however, cannot settle
      whether the transition comprises only three or all six of the subunits to yield a
      symmetrical hexamer. Finally the transformation in solution evidently still
      occurs in an intramolecularly A1-B29-cross-linked insulin in spite of the
      partially reduced flexibility.

PMID- 6378636
TI  - The distance between S1, S21, and the 3' end of 16S RNA in 30S ribosomal
      subunits. The effect of poly(uridylic acid) and 50S subunits on these distances.
AB  - The apparent distances between probes covalently attached to the cysteine thiols
      of S1 or S21 and the 3' end of 16S RNA in Escherichia coli 30S ribosomal subunits
      were determined by non-radiative energy transfer to be: S21-16S RNA, 5.1 nm; S21
      S1, 6.9 nm; S1-16S RNA, 6.8 nm. Binding of poly(uridylic acid) to 30S subunits
      causes the apparent distances between S1 and 16S RNA or S21 and 16S RNA to
      increase by more than 1.2 nm and 0.5 nm, respectively, but has little or no
      effect on the S1-S21 distance. Binding of 50S subunits causes an apparent
      increase in the S21-16S RNA and S21-S1 distances by 1.0 nm and 0.8 nm,
      respectively, but has little or no effect on the S1-16S-RNA distance.

PMID- 6378637
TI  - Sidedness of native membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli and orientation of the
      reconstituted lactose: H+ carrier.
AB  - The orientation of the lactose:H+ carrier of Escherichia coli in various
      preparations of native and reconstituted vesicles is determined with two
      impermeant, macromolecular probes: antibodies directed against the C-terminal
      decapeptide of the carrier and carboxypeptidase A (EC 3.4.17.1). Two methods are
      employed. Method I is based upon the digestion of all accessible and, therefore,
      presumably external, C termini of the carrier with carboxypeptidase A and
      detection of the remaining, internal C termini with 125I-labelled anti-(C
      terminus) antibody after electrophoresis of the carrier in the presence of sodium
      dodecyl sulfate and transfer to nitrocellulose filters. Method II is based upon
      the binding of 125I-labelled anti-(C-terminus) antibody to the external C termini
      of the carrier in vesicles and the subsequent isolation of bound antibody by
      centrifugation. The labelled antibodies are calibrated using a preparation of
      inside-out vesicles prepared by high-pressure lysis of strain T206. The carrier
      content is determined by substrate binding. Because the C terminus of the carrier
      is known to reside on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane, these methods can
      also be used to determine the sidedness of various preparations of membrane
      vesicles. Spheroplasts are confirmed to contain carrier molecules of a single
      orientation, corresponding to that in right-side-out vesicles. In contrast, in
      purified cytoplasmic membrane vesicles and in crude membrane preparations
      obtained by sonication or by high-pressure lysis, 96% of the C termini are
      accessible to carboxypeptidase A, even after repeated sonication. This implies
      that nearly all carrier molecules in these preparations possess an orientation
      opposite to that in the cell or in right-side-out vesicles. In proteoliposomes
      containing carrier reconstituted or purified and reconstituted by two different
      methods, only 48% of the carrier molecules are oriented in the same way as in the
      cell. Subjecting such proteoliposomes to cycles of freezing and thawing or to
      sonication results in a reshuffling of carrier molecules between the inside-out
      and right-side-out populations while maintaining 41% in the right-side-out
      orientation. Digestion of the C terminus of the carrier with carboxypeptidase A
      does not alter either galactoside binding or countertransport. Thus carrier
      molecules of the inside-out orientation cannot be selectively inactivated.
      Additionally, an antiserum directed against the purified carrier is demonstrated
      to contain nearly exclusively anti-(C-terminus) antibodies, which can, in
      principle, be used in Method I.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6378639
TI  - Comparison of three deconvolution techniques in renography.
AB  - The importance of comparing various deconvolution techniques on real patient data
      lies in the fact that there are two different approaches to that problem. One,
      which prefers general-purpose techniques, using a matrix algorithm (MA) and fast
      Fourier transformation (FFT) with various smoothings, filters, etc., and another
      which prefers deconvolution techniques which have been modified for the
      particular application. The modification may be in requiring well defined input
      or assuming a smooth result of deconvolution. The aim of this paper is to compare
      the general-purpose deconvolution technique mostly used in analyzing patient data
      in nuclear medicine using MA and FFT with deconvolution based on Laplace
      transformation (LT). They have been compared on real patient data renograms in 36
      cases. The comparison shows that although the LT technique requires a well
      defined input and for that reason needs more computing time than the FFT and MA
      technique, it gives impulse response functions (IRF) without negative values or
      with negligible ones. Even more, using LT, which has been incorporated in a model
      of distribution and transport of tracer, without taking blood samples one can
      assess some other useful clinical parameters such as inverse value of clearance
      time constant (ICTC) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF).

PMID- 6378638
TI  - Transport of proteins into chloroplasts. The precursor of small subunit of
      ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase is processed to the mature size in two steps.
AB  - The precursor of the small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase in Pisum
      sativum (relative molecular mass 20 000) is processed to the mature size
      (relative molecular mass 14 000) by the purified processing enzyme in two steps.
      The maturation proceeds via an intermediate of Mr 18 000. Both processing
      reactions may be carried out by the same enzyme although different residues are
      involved in the two cleavage sites. The second cleavage is inhibited if the
      precursor is pre-incubated with iodoacetate. The processing intermediate cannot
      be detected during the uptake of the precursor by intact isolated chloroplasts
      but iodoacetate-treated precursor is taken up and converted to a number of
      polypeptides of Mr 18 000 and below.

PMID- 6378640
TI  - Pharmacokinetic data processed by microcomputer for the formulation of optimal
      drug dosage form.
AB  - Microcomputers have been used in pharmacokinetics for several years, but their
      use in the area of formulation is a new application. By using appropriate data on
      the drug, the dosage form required and its mechanism of absorption and clearance,
      microcomputers can systematize and speed-up formulation, simplify manufacturing
      processes and, through simulated models and plasma level predictions, reduce the
      number of bioavailability studies needed.

PMID- 6378641
TI  - Effects of dihydroergotamine on the feline cardiovascular response to intravenous
      infusion of live Escherichia coli bacteria.
AB  - A septic shock state was induced in cats by intravenous infusion of live
      Escherichia coli bacteria. Cats pretreated with an unspecific 5-HT blocker,
      dihydroergotamine (DHE), or with a specific 5-HT blocker, ketanserin, were
      compared with a series receiving bacteria without pretreatment. DHE pretreatment
      prevented the reduction in systemic arterial blood pressure found in the other
      series during the 2-hour period of septic shock. Pretreatment could not influence
      the increased vascular resistance in the pulmonary vascular bed or the early
      increase in pulmonary arterial blood pressure. Peripheral blood flow distribution
      was studied using radioactive labelled microspheres. Compared to bacteremia
      without pretreatment, the 5-HT blockers increased CNS blood flow and ketanserin
      also prevented the reduction in pancreatic blood flow. Gastric blood flow and
      gastric mucosal blood flow remained unchanged in all series as did the small
      intestinal total blood flow. Small intestinal mucosal blood flow, however, was
      reduced after 2 h of bacteremia. Microscopy revealed no gastric epithelial damage
      while the jejunal mucosa was characteristically damaged. There was no correlation
      between the changes in the small intestinal blood flow and the degree of mucosal
      damage, however, supporting the countercurrent theory for the pathogenesis of
      these lesions.

PMID- 6378642
TI  - Cancer hypercalcemia: recent advances in understanding and treatment.

PMID- 6378643
TI  - Colonic and gastric mucus-associated antigens: a comparative immunohistological
      study in precancerous and cancerous rat intestinal mucosa.
AB  - Gastric M1 antigens were previously shown to be oncofetal markers for the colon
      in man and in the rat. They were observed very early during carcinogenesis in
      goblet cells of precancerous colonic mucosa; using an immunohistological method,
      we found that M1 were produced in 68% (41/60) of colonic adenocarcinomas and in
      33% (21/63) of duodenal adenocarcinomas. M3C antigen has been described as being
      associated with human colonic mucus; in the rat it is restricted to the proximal
      colon. We found that M3C was produced in 91% (55/60) of colonic adenocarcinomas
      and in 15% (8/53) of duodenal adenocarcinomas. Before tumor appearance, M3C was
      sometimes expressed by goblet cells of the distal colon. We could not find it
      during fetal life. We have concluded that mucus-associated antigens can
      characterize modifications in cell differentiation in rat colonic carcinomas.

PMID- 6378644
TI  - Phosphorylcholine on isologous red blood cells induces polyclonal but not anti
      phosphorylcholine plaque-forming cells in mice.
AB  - It has been demonstrated in the preceding report (Bach, M. A., Beckmann, E. and
      Levitt, D., Eur. J. Immunol. 1984. 14: 589) that phosphorylcholine (PC) on the
      bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae R36a stimulated polyclonal as well as anti-PC
      plaque-forming cells (PFC) in mouse spleen in vivo. In this study, red blood
      cells from BALB/c mice (MRBC) were either conjugated with PC, 2,4,6
      trinitrophenyl (TNP) or treated with phospholipase A2 (PLA2) to expose PC on the
      cell membrane (determined by hemagglutination with the anti-PC myeloma HOPC8).
      When BALB/c mice were immunized i.v. with the conjugated or enzyme-treated MRBC,
      a significant polyclonal antibody response occurred (p less than 0.05) using PC
      MRBC or PLA2-treated MRBC, but not with TNP-MRBC or sham-treated MRBC. No anti-PC
      or anti-MRBC immunoglobulin-secreting cells developed after immunization.
      Repeated immunization with PC-MRBC resulted in similar levels of protein A PFC
      after each immunization but no anti-PC, anti-MRBC or anti-PC-MRBC PFC. Thus, PC
      on R36a or isologous RBC stimulated increased numbers of splenic plaque-forming
      cells. In the case of R36a, 10-25% of these PFC produced antibodies directed
      towards PC. In contrast, PC-MRBC or PLA2-treated MRBC, failed to evoke any anti
      PC antibody responses.

PMID- 6378645
TI  - Characterization of a (BALB/c x C57BL/6)F1 T cell hybridoma with double
      specificity: recognition of antigen in context of I-Ad and autoreactivity to I
      Ab.
AB  - An antigen-specific, IL-2-producing, Lyt-1+2-, T cell hybridoma has been derived
      by the fusion of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-primed (BALB/c x C57BL/6)F1
      lymph node with BW5147 thymoma cells. The hybridoma FN13-21 recognizes KLH in
      association with I-Ad of BALB/c parental antigen-presenting cells, and also
      responds to I-Ab of the other parent C57BL/6 spleen cells in the absence of
      antigen. The KLH-specific response of FN13-21 is blocked by monoclonal anti-I-Ad
      antibody, while the response to C57BL/6 spleen cells is blocked by anti-I-Ab
      antibody. The specificity of the autoreactivity is to an antigen encoded for in
      the I-Ab region, as shown by the pattern of stimulation obtained with spleen
      cells from H-2-recombinant mice.

PMID- 6378646
TI  - A synthetic endopeptidase substrate hydrolyzed by the bovine lens neutral
      proteinase preparation.
AB  - Lens neutral proteinase is thought to exhibit primarily endopeptidase activity.
      We have identified a synthetic endopeptidase substrate which is hydrolyzed by the
      bovine lens neutral proteinase preparation. Among 11 fluoro- and chromogenic
      endopeptidase substrates, only carbobenzoxy-glycylglycyl-L-leucyl-p-nitroanilide
      is effectively hydrolyzed. The activity hydrolyzing this substrate co-elutes with
      neutral proteinase activity upon gel filtration and specifically attacks the
      leucyl-p-nitroaniline bond. Optimal hydrolysis of the synthetic substrate is at
      neutral pH and high temperature (53 degrees C), analogous to the alpha-crystallin
      protein substrate obtained from lens. The rate of hydrolysis of the synthetic
      substrate increased proportionally with temperature between 20 and 60 degrees C,
      in contrast to alpha-crystallin. The rate of hydrolysis was linear for at least 1
      h at 37 degrees C and there was no evidence of enzyme activation at high
      temperature.

PMID- 6378648
TI  - Tenth annual meeting of the European Bone Marrow Transplantation Group 1984.
      Sierra Nevada (Granada), Spain, 29 January - 1 February 1984. Abstracts.

PMID- 6378647
TI  - Studies on conversion of yellow marrow to red marrow by using ectopic bone marrow
      implants.
AB  - Previous work has suggested that an increase in temperature in conjunction with
      hemopoietic stimuli can convert yellow marrow to red marrow. Ectopic implantation
      of yellow marrow in rabbits was used to confirm this suggestion and to determine
      whether sustained stimulation is needed to maintain hemopoiesis. Tibial marrow
      (temperature 28.5 degrees C) was implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of the
      abdomen (temperature 33 degrees C). Phenylhydrazine-induced hemolysis was used as
      a hemopoietic stimulus. Implants of yellow marrow in control animals, not
      subjected to modulation of hemopoiesis, led to the formation of fatty marrow
      nodules. These nodules became hemopoietically active when the hemopoietic
      stimulus was applied to the animals, either concomitantly with implantation or
      even two months after implantation. The stimulus was required continuously to
      maintain the hemopoietic activity of the nodules. These findings confirm that
      increased temperature acts synergistically with hemopoietic stimuli to induce
      hemopoiesis in yellow marrow. This supports the concept that, while the total
      volume of hemopoietic tissue is determined by the body's demands, its
      distribution may be determined by such factors as local temperature.

PMID- 6378649
TI  - Personal observations on the use of inhaled corticosteroid drugs for chronic
      asthma.
AB  - Topically active inhaled corticosteroid (IC) drugs are highly effective for
      chronic asthma. Formalized conceptions of "high, low or safe" dosages of these
      drugs may be less appropriate than one of "optimal dosage". It seems reasonable
      to formulate a specific goal of treatment, and then fit dosage to the individual
      needs and tolerances of the patient rather than to a conventionalized "safe"
      limit, based on averaged data from different and perhaps quite dissimilar
      subjects. The studies reviewed here illustrate some principles applicable to the
      effective use of IC drugs.

PMID- 6378651
TI  - DDT myoclonus: sites and mechanism of action.
AB  - Intragastric injection of the insecticide DDT produces a stimulus-sensitive
      myoclonus in mice and rats. Unilateral stereotaxic infusions of DDT into rat
      medullary reticular formation also induced generalized myoclonus, identical to
      that produced by systemic administration. Similar myoclonus, but of lesser
      intensity, occurred when DDT was injected into cerebellar nuclei, red nucleus,
      and the inferior olive. Multiple other regions of the brain were resistant to the
      myoclonic action of locally infused DDT. Direct infusions into the medullary
      reticular formation of allethrin, which has a similar action on neuronal
      membranes as DDT, or the glycine receptor antagonist, strychnine, also elicited
      myoclonus.

PMID- 6378650
TI  - Intracranial cerebellar grafts: intermediate filament immunohistochemistry and
      electrophysiology.
AB  - Pieces of the developing cerebellar anlage were prepared from 13-15 day old rat
      embryos and transplanted to the cerebellar region of 5-7 and 13-14 day old rat
      pups. Approximately two months later, sections showed most grafts to consist of
      both cerebellar cortex, with a typical trilaminar organization, and white matter
      areas containing large neuronal perikarya. The astrocytic populations were
      studied using immunohistochemistry with antisera raised against the intermediate
      filaments, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA), and vimentin. The GFA-antiserum
      revealed a glial interface along most of the border between host brain and graft.
      Both antisera stained long, slender, although slightly distorted Bergmann fibers
      spanning the molecular layer. Using GFA-antiserum, star-shaped fluorescent
      astrocytes were seen in the granular layer and in the white matter. Only in the
      white matter did the amount of GFA-like immunoreactivity suggest an astrocytic
      gliosis. With vimentin antiserum fluorescent astrocytes in the white matter were
      seen. There were no signs of increased amounts of vimentin-like immunoreactivity.
      Taken together, the amount and distribution of GFA- and vimentin-like
      immunoreactivity suggests a rather normal astrocytic development in the
      cerebellar grafts. Using an antiserum against the neurofilament (NF) triplet,
      delicate immunoreactive fibres were seen in both the molecular and the granular
      layer. No positive cell bodies could be visualized in the cortical areas.
      Although the Purkinje cells themselves were negative, fibre baskets around them
      were intensely stained. In the white matter a high density of NF-positive fibres
      and some positive perikarya were visualized. Thus the distribution of NF-like
      immunoreactivity in the grafts corresponded well to the normal NF distribution.
      The functional maturation of the cerebellar grafts was studied
      electrophysiologically. A spontaneous mean discharge rate of 19.3 + 1.7 Hz was
      recorded from the Purkinje cells. This compares with a discharge rate of 26.8 +
      1.0 Hz for Purkinje neurons in situ. The difference was at least partly
      ascribable to the absence of climbing fibre bursts in the grafts. Local
      stimulation of the graft surface caused both decreased and increased Purkinje
      cell discharge. In conclusion, these experiments suggest that grafts of fetal
      cerebellar buds to the young cerebellum develop into cerebellar tissue having
      both morphological and electrophysiological characteristics quite similar to the
      normal cerebellum.

PMID- 6378652
TI  - Regenerating dorsal roots and the nerve entry zone: an immunofluorescence study
      with neurofilament and laminin antisera.
AB  - Dorsal spinal roots were crushed in 30 rats at the lumbar or thoracic level.
      Peripheral roots, nerve entry zone, and spinal cord were studied 3 to 5 weeks
      after operation by immunofluorescence with neurofilament, glial fibrillary acidic
      (GFA), and laminin antisera. As previously shown in sciatic nerve undergoing
      Wallerian degeneration, reactive Schwann cells forming the bands of Bungner
      stained intensely with laminin antisera. Within these bands bundles of
      regenerating axons were present as indicated by double staining with laminin and
      neurofilament antisera. With very few exceptions, regenerating axons were not
      observed in the laminin-negative intramedullary division of the root. This also
      appeared to be the case when the dome-shape protrusion of central nervous system
      tissue forming the intramedullary division was surrounded by regenerating fibers.
      Compared with GFA antisera, laminin antisera allowed a better identification of
      the boundary between the central and peripheral nervous systems. In the central
      nervous system only blood vessels were laminin-positive, whereas Schwann cells'
      processes were decorated by GFA antisera in peripheral roots, the staining being
      stronger in reactive Schwann cells.

PMID- 6378654
TI  - Effects of intraventricular administration of insulin on thyrotropin secretion in
      rats.
AB  - Intraventricular administration of insulin stimulates increases in the levels of
      thyrotropin-releasing hormone and thyrotropin in rats.

PMID- 6378655
TI  - A hypothesis for the possible involvement of microtubules and protein kinase in
      the mechanism of action of cdc 28 gene product of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

PMID- 6378653
TI  - Electron transfer in biological systems: an overview.

PMID- 6378656
TI  - A colicin A fragment containing the receptor binding domain can be directed to
      the periplasmic space in E. coli through gene fusion.
AB  - The central region of the colicin A polypeptide chain has been fused to the N
      terminal part of beta-lactamase through genetic recombination. This region
      comprising amino acid residues 70-335 confers on the hybrid protein the ability
      to protect sensitive cells from the lethal action of colicin A. Although colicin
      A belongs to the cytoplasmic compartment of E. coli, export of the hybrid protein
      to the periplasmic space was promoted by the signal peptide of beta-lactamase.

PMID- 6378657
TI  - Two peptidases that convert 125I-Lys-Arg-(Met)enkephalin and 125I-(Met)enkephalin
      Arg6, respectively, to 125I-(Met)enkephalin in bovine adrenal medullary
      chromaffin granules.
AB  - Two peptidases which convert 125I-Lys-Arg-ME and 125I-ME-Arg6, respectively, to
      125I-ME, have been identified and characterized in bovine adrenomedullary
      chromaffin granules. The former is referred to as a secretory granule peptidase
      (SGP) and the latter as a carboxypeptidase B-like enzyme (CPB-like) [7] which is
      here further characterized. SGP cleaved 125I-Lys-Arg-ME to produce only 125I-ME
      and was localized in chromaffin granules which contained Co2+-stimulated CPB-like
      activity, ME, and catecholamines. Both the SGP and the CPB-like enzymes appear to
      be thiol-metalloproteases. While the CPB-like enzyme seems likely to be involved
      in processing the enkephalin precursors [7], SGP may function as a trypsin-like
      or aminopeptidase enzyme in secretory granules.

PMID- 6378658
TI  - Mitochondrial and cytoplasmic protein syntheses are not required for heat shock
      acquisition of ethanol and thermotolerance in yeast.
AB  - Heat shock acquisition of ethanol- and thermotolerance in Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae was not inhibited in cells incubated in the presence of cycloheximide
      or chloramphenicol. Respiratory-deficient (rho-) mutants also characteristically
      exhibited the heat shock response. It was concluded that mitochondrial and
      cytoplasmic protein syntheses are not required for heat shock acquisition of
      ethanol and thermotolerance in yeast.

PMID- 6378659
TI  - Expression of cloned cDNA for a major surface antigen of Plasmodium falciparum
      merozoites.
AB  - A cDNA library of P. falciparum was constructed. Using size-selected mRNA as a
      probe several clones were isolated which hybridized to mRNAs larger than 5
      kilobases (kb). The cDNA insert of pFC 17, which hybridizes to 5.6-kb mRNA was
      expressed by fusion to anthranilate synthetase I in a plasmid expression vector.
      The expressed fusion protein was shown to contain epitopes of a 195-kDa protein
      which is the precursor to 3 major surface antigens of P. falciparum merozoites.

PMID- 6378660
TI  - Movement of the 3'-end of 16 S RNA towards S21 during activation of 30 S
      ribosomal subunits.
AB  - Fluorescence techniques were used to study conformational changes that occur in
      inactive E. coli 30 S ribosomal subunits during activation by heating in 12 mM
      Mg2+. Activation is associated with movement of a fluorophore on the 3'-end of 16
      S RNA into a less polar environment and towards a probe on the cysteine thiol of
      ribosomal protein S21. The conformational change causes an apparent decrease in
      distance between the probes from 59 to 52 A as determined by non-radiative energy
      transfer.

PMID- 6378661
TI  - Localization of the thermosensitive X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase in the
      vacuolar membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Most of the X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase activity of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae was found to be associated with purified vacuolar membranes (specific
      activity approx. 75-times higher than in the protoplast lysate). The tonoplast
      bound enzyme is thermosensitive. Another heat-resistant enzyme was found in the
      protoplast lysate. The tonoplast-bound thermosensitive enzyme shows an apparent
      Km of 0.06 mM against L-alanyl-L-prolyl-p-nitroanilide while the heat-resistant
      enzyme shows an apparent Km of 0.4 mM against the same substrate.

PMID- 6378662
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the lspA gene, the structural gene for lipoprotein signal
      peptidase of Escherichia coli.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of the lspA gene coding for lipoprotein signal peptidase
      of Escherichia coli was determined and the amino acid sequence of the peptidase
      was deduced from it. The molecular mass and amino acid composition of the
      predicted lipoprotein signal peptidase were consistent with those of the signal
      peptidase purified from cells harboring the lspA gene-carrying plasmid. The
      peptidase most probably has no cleavable signal peptide. The lspA gene was
      preceded by the ileS gene coding for isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase and the tandem
      termination codons of the ileS gene overlapped with the initiation codon of the
      lspA gene.

PMID- 6378663
TI  - Evidence for an active-center cysteine in the SH-proteinase alpha-clostripain
      through use of N-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone.
AB  - The rapid reaction of alpha-clostripain with tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone
      results in a complete loss of activity and in the disappearance of one titratable
      SH group whereas the number of histidine residues is not affected. Tosyl-L
      phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride have no
      effect on the catalytic activity. From the molar ratio and under the assumption
      of 1:1 molar interaction, the fully active enzyme has a specific activity of 650
      700 units/mg [twice the value proposed by Porter et al. (J. Biol. Chem. 246
      (1971) 7675-7682)]. Partial oxidation makes it experimentally impossible to
      attain this maximal value.

PMID- 6378664
TI  - Structural differences between active and inactive 30 S ribosomal subunits
      revealed by RNA-protein crosslinking.
AB  - 30 S protein-16 S rRNA crosslinking by reaction with 1-ethyl-3
      dimethylaminopropylcarbodiimide is more efficient in the active than in the
      inactive form of the E. coli 30 S ribosomal subunit. This difference is
      particularly striking in the case of protein S8.

PMID- 6378665
TI  - Genetic studies of the phs locus of Escherichia coli, a mutation causing
      pleiotropic lesions in metabolism and pH homeostasis.
AB  - In Escherichia coli a pleiotropic mutation, phs, has been reported to affect Na+
      linked metabolic functions and pH homeostasis. The phs mutation was previously
      mapped by its proximity to a met marker, presumed to be metB at 89 min. We have
      shown that a second mutation to auxotrophy, cymX, which is satisfied by either
      methionine or cysteine, is closely linked to phs. The cymX and phs lesions map
      close to trkB and rpsL at 73.5 min and we postulate that they are alleles of cysG
      and crp, respectively. The basis of the pH sensitivity of DZ3 is discussed in the
      light of this new information.

PMID- 6378666
TI  - Two-dimensional analysis of proteins phosphorylated in E. coli cells.
AB  - Proteins phosphorylated in Escherichia coli cells were analyzed by the O'Farrell
      two-dimensional gel technique. Cytoplasmic and ribosomal fractions were studied
      separately. Double labeling with [32P]orthophosphate and [35S]sulfate followed by
      selective autoradiographic detection of each radioisotope allowed precise
      location of 12 major phosphoproteins on the total protein pattern of bacteria.
      Both the molecular mass and isoelectric point of these phosphoproteins were
      determined.

PMID- 6378667
TI  - Assignment of resonances in the Escherichia coli 5 S RNA fragment proton NMR
      spectrum using uniform nitrogen-15 enrichment.
AB  - The downfield proton NMR spectrum of aqueous uniformly nitrogen-15 enriched 5 S
      RNA fragment is presented. Selective nitrogen-15 decoupling difference proton
      spectroscopy revealed nitrogen-15 chemical shifts of fragment imino nitrogens.
      Nitrogen chemical shifts of nucleic acid guanine and uracil imino nitrogens have
      separate small ranges. Nitrogen-15 and proton chemical shift correlation by the
      heteronuclear decoupling permitted the identification of the base type of some
      previously unassigned imino proton resonances in the 5 S RNA fragment spectrum.
      Corresponding resonances in the natural isotopic abundance 5 S RNA fragment
      spectrum are assigned to base types by comparison with the enriched sample
      spectrum.

PMID- 6378668
TI  - Atypical human liver alcohol dehydrogenase: the beta 2-Bern subunit has an amino
      acid exchange that is identical to the one in the beta 2-Oriental chain.
AB  - The "atypical' human liver alcohol dehydrogenase dimer, homogeneous for beta 2
      Bern chains, was isolated from human liver of Caucasian individuals. It is
      derived from an allelic variant at the ADH2 gene locus and exhibits a
      considerably higher specific activity and lower pH optimum than its "typical'
      counterpart (isoenzyme beta 1 beta 1) from the beta 1-chain predominant in
      Caucasians. Peptides were prepared by trypsin or CNBr cleavage, and were purified
      by exclusion chromatography and reverse-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography (RP-HPLC). Structural analysis of the peptides showed that beta 2
      Bern differs at one position from beta 1. Thus, Arg-47 in beta 1 is substituted
      by His in beta 2-Bern. This exchange, compatible with a one-base mutation,
      explains all functional differences by altered interactions with the
      pyrophosphate moiety of the coenzyme. The difference is also structurally
      identical to that found for another atypical beta 2-subunit, the beta 2-Oriental
      type of major Asian occurrence, linking these two atypical forms of human alcohol
      dehydrogenase.

PMID- 6378669
TI  - High-pressure dissociation of the beta 2-dimer of tryptophan synthase from
      Escherichia coli monitored by sucrose gradient centrifugation.
AB  - The isolated beta 2-dimer of Escherichia coli tryptophan synthase exhibits
      reversible high-pressure deactivation and hybridization with an equilibrium
      transition at 690 and 870 bar for the apoenzyme and holoenzyme, respectively. To
      investigate the hypothetical dissociation mechanism ultracentrifugal analysis has
      been applied. In a conventional swing-out rotor (r(max) = 16 cm, fill-height 9
      cm) a pressure gradient of 1 less than p less than 1840 bar is formed at maximum
      speed (40 000 rpm). Using a sucrose gradient to stabilize the particle
      distribution, pressure-dependent alterations of the state of association of
      oligomeric systems may be determined. In the present experiments ovalbumin (with
      a molecular mass close to the beta-monomer) has been used as a reference. The
      radial sedimentation velocity of the beta 2-dimer (in 5-20% sucrose, 10 degrees
      C) is found to decrease significantly at p approximately equal to 850 bar. From
      the slopes in an r-r(degrees) vs t plot the limiting values for the particle
      weight at the meniscus and the bottom of the tube are found to be the beta 2
      dimer (M(r) = 85 800) and the beta-monomer (M(r) = 42 900), thus proving pressure
      dependent dissociation. Since sucrose stabilizes the native quaternary structure,
      the beta 2 leads to 2 beta transition is shifted towards higher pressures
      compared to the dissociation in standard buffer. Conventional quench experiments
      in high-pressure cells in the presence of 13% (w/v) sucrose confirm the result of
      the sucrose gradient centrifugation with respect to the critical pressure where
      deactivation (and dissociation) occur.

PMID- 6378670
TI  - Use of 31P and 13C NMR to study enzyme mechanisms.
AB  - A number of complex biochemical problems have been solved recently by application
      of new techniques in which 31P and 13C NMR spectroscopy is used. Oxygen isotope
      exchange phenomena were studied by these NMR methods and used to analyze
      individual mechanistic events in enzymatic reactions. The existence of
      intermediates in the reactions catalyzed by glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2) and
      carbamyl-phosphate synthetase (EC 2.7.2.9) has been established as well as the
      kinetic competence of these intermediates for each enzyme. The NMR theory and
      kinetic experiments required to conduct such studies are discussed.

PMID- 6378671
TI  - Application of 13C and 31P NMR to the study of hepatic metabolism.
AB  - Alternate scan 13C and 31P NMR has been used to follow the metabolism of 13C
      labeled substrates, in the presence and absence of insulin, in isolated perfused
      liver from fasted rats. Because both 31P and 13C NMR spectra are recorded almost
      simultaneously with this method, both phosphate metabolites and 13C-labeled
      metabolites are measured, noninvasively and repetitively, to give an immediate,
      broad survey of the hepatic response to a variety of stimuli. During the
      metabolism of [2-13C]pyruvate, [1,2-13C]ethanol, and NH4+, 13C-labeled glycogen
      increases synchronously with, and at the same rate as, the synthesis of 13C
      labeled glucose; thus, glycogenesis was essentially a gluconeogenic process under
      our conditions and was unaltered by the presence of insulin. From the position of
      the 13C-labeled citrate peak observed in liver, the measurement of KD for the
      citrate-magnesium complex under our conditions, and the expression relating these
      quantities to the concentration of free Mg2+, the intracellular level of free
      Mg2+ is estimated to be 0.46 +/- 0.05 mM. Later administration of glucagon led to
      a rapid decrease in glycogen and citrate and a 44% increase in glycero-3
      phosphocholine (GPC); increase in GPC is consistent with stimulation of liver
      phospholipase activity by glucagon. Simultaneous administration of two different
      13C-labeled substrates, or one doubly labeled substrate, introduced multiplet
      structure arising from spin-spin interaction between labeled adjacent carbons
      into the peaks of several key metabolites. The 13C NMR intensity distributions
      within the several multiplets are used, within the context of a first-order model
      for fluxes into the Krebs cycle, to estimate relative fluxes under the conditions
      of the experiment.

PMID- 6378672
TI  - Sperm antibodies: their role in infertility.

PMID- 6378673
TI  - [Mandibular restoration following resection for benign bone changes].

PMID- 6378674
TI  - [Functions of the mouth: mastication, laughter, speech, taste in classical
      proverbs and quotations].

PMID- 6378675
TI  - [A study on salivary proline-rich peptide P-C with special reference to the
      presence of salivary peptide P-C in the human respiratory tract].
AB  - In order to elucidate whether Salivary Protein C and salivary peptide P-C,
      originally isolated from human saliva were present in tissues other than those of
      the salivary glands or not, an indirect immunofluorescence technique using both
      antisera against salivary peptide P-C and Salivary Protein C was carried out on
      human salivary glands and the human respiratory tract. As salivary peptide P-C
      like immunoreactivity was detected in the serous cells of salivary glands by
      previous immunohistochemical study, the human respiratory tract was closed as
      model tissue, since tracheal and bronchial glands in the human respiratory tract
      consist of mucous and serous cells. Furthermore, to check whether salivary
      peptide P-C is a fragment of Salivary Protein C or not, the same
      immunohistochemical study was undertaken on the serial sections of salivary
      glands and the respiratory tract. Salivary peptide P-C and Salivary Protein C
      like immunoreactivities were present in the serous cells of human salivary glands
      and in tracheal and bronchial cells. Furthermore, the same serous cells were
      immunostained with antisera against salivary peptide P-C, with antisera against
      Salivary Protein C and with antisera against Salivary Protein C preabsorbed with
      salivary peptide P-C. In view of the fact that the full sequence of salivary
      peptide P-C is identical to the COOH terminal 44 amino acid residues of Salivary
      Protein C, it was suggested that the full sequence of Salivary Protein C was
      present in the serous cells of human salivary glands and in those of tracheal and
      bronchial glands and that salivary peptide P-C was a fragment of Salivary Protein
      C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6378676
TI  - [Insulin degrading system on isolated rat hepatocytes; enzymatic and immunologic
      characteristics of insulin-degrading activities].
AB  - Insulin degradation by isolated rat hepatocytes was investigated. Using the
      preincubation method, the extracellular insulin-degrading activity was removed
      from the medium over 120 min at 15 degrees C and 60 min at 37 degrees C. The
      degradation of insulin was assayed by the ability of binding to specific
      receptors on isolated rat hepatocytes (rebound method) and the precipitability
      with trichloroacetic acid (TCA method). The degrading activities measured by the
      rebound method showed twice those by the TCA method, however, a positive
      correlation with high coefficient (r = 0.87, P less than 0.001) was demonstrated
      between both methods. The insulin-degrading activity by hepatocytes depended on
      time, temperature and cell concentrations, and the optimum pH was 7.0. As a
      result of kinetic analysis of insulin binding and degradation, the degradation
      velocity of 125I-insulin was inhibited by 50% at native insulin concentration of
      7 X 10(-8) M, whereas the half-maximum inhibition of 125I-insulin binding was
      demonstrated at that of 4 X 10(-9) M. The Km for insulin degradation was 170 nM.
      In order to characterize the enzymatic properties of insulin-degrading activity
      by isolated hepatocytes, the effects of various compounds and anti-insulin
      degrading enzyme (IDE) rabbit serum on insulin degradation were examined. N
      ethylmaleimide and anti-IDE serum significantly inhibited the insulin-degrading
      activity, while dithiothreitol stimulated it, whereas chloroquine and NH4Cl had
      little effect on insulin-degrading activity. Finally, the immunoenzymatic
      labelling of hepatocytes by anti-IDE serum showed the presence of cell surface
      IDE on isolated hepatocytes. These results suggest that most of insulin-degrading
      activity by isolated rat hepatocytes is identical to pig muscle IDE. Therefore,
      it would seem that IDE plays an important role in insulin metabolism by isolated
      rat hepatocytes rather than lysosomes.

PMID- 6378677
TI  - [Met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity-containing nerve elements in the canine
      pancreas--a histochemical study].
AB  - Met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity-containing nerve elements in the canine
      pancreas was investigated by immunocytochemistry. Anti-Met-enkephalin (Met-Enk)
      serum used as the primary anti-serum was raised against synthetic Met-Enk
      conjugated with bovine serum albumin by a glutaraldehyde method. For light
      microscopic immunocytochemistry, Bouin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections not
      exceeding 20 micrometers in thickness were stained by the PAP method. For
      electron microscopy, the fixative used was 4% paraformaldehyde plus 1%
      glutaraldehyde in a 0.067 M phosphate buffer. Ultra-thin sections of Araldite
      embedded materials were stained by a protein A-colloidal gold method. The main
      localization of Met-Enk-like immunoreactivity-containing nerve fibers and
      ganglion cell somas was as follows: a) on the surface of ganglion cell somas, b)
      among nerve fiber bundles in the connective tissue septum, c) around blood
      vessels in the exocrine parenchyma, and d) in the islet of Langerhans. Electron
      microscopic immunocytochemistry showed that colloidal gold particles representing
      a Met-Enk-like substance were concentrated on secretory type granules of the
      ganglion cell somas and nerve terminals around the blood capillaries. Met-Enk
      like immunoreactivity was eliminated by preincubation of the primary anti-serum
      with Met-Enk (nerve fibers: 0.1 X 2(-3) g/l, ganglion cells: 0.1 X 2(-2) g/l of
      the diluted antiserum, 1:2000) before application to tissue sections. The
      functional significance of Met-Enk-like immunoreactivity-containing nerve
      elements in both the endocrine and exocrine pancreas was discussed.

PMID- 6378678
TI  - [Motilin-like immunoreactivity in the canine pituitary and pineal glands--a
      histochemical study].
AB  - Motilin-like immunoreactivity in the canine pituitary and pineal glands shown by
      radioimmunoassay was re-investigated by histochemistry using anti-porcine motilin
      sera. Immunostaining of duodenal Mo cells was examined as a control. Tissues were
      fixed in Bouin's fluid and embedded in paraffin. Sternberger's peroxidase anti
      peroxidase method was employed for histochemical reaction. Three lots of anti
      motilin sera raised in rabbits ( R1104 , R1105 , R1106 ) and one lot of anti
      motilin serum raised in a guinea pig ( GP2803 ) were used. An absorption test of
      the immunohistochemical reaction was performed using motilin (Mo 1-22), N
      terminal fragment (Mo 1-17), or C-terminal fragment (Mo 7-22). The results
      obtained were summarized as follows: In the pituitary gland, endocrine cells
      showing motilin-like immunoreactivity were localized in the pars distalis and
      pars intermedia. In the pineal gland, pinealocytes showed no motilin-like
      immunoreactivity. Pituitary endocrine cells were strongly stained with two lots
      of anti-motilin sera ( R1104 , R1105 ). No distinct reaction was demonstrated
      with two other anti-motilin sera ( R1106 , G2803 ). The minimum concentration of
      antigens required for absorption of the immunohistochemical reaction was
      determined by their doubling-dilution. When R1105 anti-serum (1:1000) was pre
      incubated with Mo 1-22, immunostaining of duodenal Mo cells re-appeared at a
      concentration of 0.1 X 2(-8) g/l, whereas pituitary endocrine cells remained
      unstained at a concentration of 0.1 X 2(-10) g/l. Using Mo 7-22, immunostaining
      of pituitary endocrine cells was absorbed up to a concentration of 0.1 X 2(-14)
      g/l, whereas duodenal Mo cells were positively stained at a concentration of 0.1
      X 10(-6) g/l.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6378680
TI  - A precision restoration of an abutment used to support a partial denture.

PMID- 6378679
TI  - Spinal epidural abscess: a case report.

PMID- 6378681
TI  - The Aquaforma process.

PMID- 6378682
TI  - Tooth alteration procedures prior to partial denture construction. Part 2.

PMID- 6378683
TI  - [Intestinal absorption of calcium and its regulation. Tissue, membrane and
      molecular events].
AB  - The intestinal absorption of calcium involves an active transport against an
      electrochemical gradient, a saturable and a nonsaturable transfer following the
      gradient. The active and the saturable components are transcellular, the
      nonsaturable component is partly paracellular. Calcium transfer through the
      intestinal cell includes three steps: 1) the "down-hill" crossing of the brush
      border implies binding to specific sites, carrier-mediated transport using
      channels or carrier proteins specific to Ca and dependent upon composition
      phosphorylations alkaline phosphatases; the phospholipid composition of the brush
      border also plays a role; 2) the intracellular transfer is characterized by an
      uptake by such organelles as mitochondria, lysosomes and Golgi vesicles and by a
      transfer on a specific calcium-binding protein; 3) the "up-hill" transfer across
      the baso-lateral membrane requires energy and energy is mediated by an ATP
      activated Ca2+ pump and a Na+/Ca2+ antiport. 1.25 dihydroxycholecalciferol,
      steroid hormone synthetized from vitamin D3 is the major direct regulator of Ca
      absorption: in the vitamin D-deprived animal, it increases the selective
      permeability for Ca of the brush-border, induces the synthesis of proteins after
      genomic transcription, activates the Ca-ATPases, and acts as a trophic hormone.
      The other hormones principally act by modulation of the renal biosynthesis of
      1.25 dihydroxycholecalciferol. The efficiency of Ca absorption depends on site,
      with duodenum greater than jejunum greater than caecum greater than ileum.
      Dietary constituents such as carbohydrates and amino acids increase Ca absorption
      whereas phytic acid and excess of phosphorus decrease it. They act by modifying
      Ca bioavailability and perhaps brush-border permeability. Adaptation to increased
      demand occurs during growth, pregnancy and lactation in normal states but
      disappears during vitamin D deficiency. In man, lowered efficiency with
      increasing age is often aggravated by a low calcium diet.

PMID- 6378684
TI  - Availability of amino acids in monogastric animals. Variations of digestive
      origin.
AB  - The supply of amino acids to the organism, required for maximum protein
      synthesis, results from several interdependent digestive processes: the
      sequential degradation of dietary proteins during their passage in the gastro
      intestinal tract, and the absorption of their hydrolysis products. In this paper
      we survey the possible variations in these phenomena which are liable to affect
      amino acid availability. Concerns the transit of amino acids, we first examine
      gastric emptying which determines the length of stay of digestion products in the
      stomach and their passage to the small intestine. Thereafter the transit of
      digesta at the ileo-caeco-colic junction where the quantitative, qualitative and
      kinetic aspects of digestion in the small intestine may be investigated. The
      influence of the nature of proteins, and of their technological treatments is
      studied as well as the possible occurrence of a differential transit of free
      amino acids as compared to that of proteins and of proteins as compared to that
      of the carbohydrate fraction. With respect to enzyme hydrolysis, two kinds of
      problems may be considered: the accessibility of proteins to enzymes (due to the
      structure of proteins or of the other dietary components, or due to
      antinutritional factors), and the mode of action of some of the proteases (in
      particular trypsin, in relation with the involvement of technological
      treatments). The mechanisms thought to operate for normal absorption of free
      amino acids and oligopeptides are discussed, followed by some data concerning the
      absorption of amino acid derivatives, appearing during technological processing,
      and their influence on the absorption of normal forms of amino acids. The fate of
      the residual nitrogenous fraction in the large intestine, that is after the sites
      of amino acids release and absorption, is surveyed. A fundamental knowledge of
      these physiological processes may lead to development of methods estimating the
      yield of protein utilization in the digestive tract, based on the measurement
      either of amino acid disappearance from the lumen or of amino acid appearance in
      the portal blood. Digestion is a key step in the availability of amino acid, but
      it only gives a partial picture of this process. Therefore, its study should also
      be related to that of amino acid metabolism and overall protein synthesis.

PMID- 6378685
TI  - [Self monitoring of blood sugar in insulin diabetes].

PMID- 6378686
TI  - Management of diabetes during surgery. A retrospective study of 112 cases.
AB  - In a retrospective study, glycaemic control on the day of surgery in 68 diabetic
      patients, managed by a diabetes team (group A), was compared with that in 44
      managed by the surgeon and/or anaesthetist alone (group B). Group A insulin
      dependent patients and NIDDM undergoing major operations were treated by glucose
      insulin-potassium infusion (16 units rapid-acting insulin + 10 mmol potassium
      chloride/500 ml 10% dextrose at 100 ml/h) modified according to blood glucose
      values (59 cases); well controlled NIDDM undergoing minor operations received no
      specific therapy (9 cases). Group B patients were treated by a wide variety of
      regimens. Blood glucose was measured on average 5 times on the operative day in
      team-managed patients and only twice in the other patients. One-third of the
      latter group had no glucose measurements at all. Blood glucose values were lower
      in team-managed patients. Adequate diabetic control, defined as mean blood
      glucose on the operation day below 216 mg/dl, without hypoglycaemia, was obtained
      in 82% of team patients but only in 58% of non-team patients. Control was
      particularly poor in NIDDM under-going major operations and not treated with GIK.
      Mortality and morbidity were similar in the two groups. We conclude that better
      glycaemic control was obtained in patients managed by a diabetic team using a
      glucose insulin potassium infusion. This approach is suitable for any general
      hospital which offers a diabetic service.

PMID- 6378687
TI  - Uterine perforation by copper intrauterine device.
AB  - Sixteen cases with uterine perforation by a copper intrauterine device (IUD) are
      presented. In 13 cases the IUD had been inserted within 5 months following
      delivery, and in 6 cases the insertion had been painful. Missing string was the
      first sign in most cases. Laparatomy was performed in all cases to remove the
      IUD. The IUD was adherent to omentum or sigmoid in 10 cases. There is an
      increased risk of uterine perforation if the IUD is inserted postpartum during
      lactation and involution of the uterus. Therefore a painful IUD insertion and a
      missing string demand investigation of a partial or complete perforation.

PMID- 6378688
TI  - 'Hydatoxi lualba', an artefact.
AB  - Blood samples from controls, pre-eclamptic patients and cord blood from their
      infants were examined for the so-called Hydatoxi lualba parasite. Using a further
      modified TBO staining technique on blood-smears made on slides cleaned manually,
      the 'eggs, larva and worms' could be demonstrated to be successive stages of
      artefacts originating from threads deposited by the cotton swabs used in manual
      cleaning. These successive stages of 'worms' could only rarely be found in smears
      made on industrially cleaned slides.

PMID- 6378689
TI  - Remodeling the estrogen receptor model.
AB  - The estrogen receptor model has revised to make it compatible with new data on
      subcellular localization of the receptor and physical characteristics of
      solubilized versus immobilized receptors. Our current model suggests that
      receptors, with or without bound estrogen, are present in the nuclear fraction.
      Furthermore, the receptor behaves as if it were immobilized or bound to some
      nuclear constituent at all times. Thus, the association of the estrogen-free
      receptor (unbound receptor) to a target site in the nucleus is considered to be
      the critical event in defining the nature of the response to estrogenic hormones.

PMID- 6378691
TI  - Neurite-promoting activities for embryonic spinal neurons and their developmental
      changes in the chick.
AB  - Spinal motoneurons may depend upon muscle-derived factors for axon outgrowth and
      stabilization at two principal stages of their development: during the initial
      invasion of the differentiating muscle masses in the embryo and during the
      perinatal regression of multiple innervation. Using a bioassay involving the
      measurement of neurite outgrowth from 4.5-day embryonic chick spinal neurons in
      dissociated cell culture, neurite-promoting activities were detected both in
      medium conditioned over embryonic chicken myotubes in vitro (embryonic muscle
      conditioned medium) and in soluble extracts of chick leg muscle prepared 3-5 days
      after hatching (postnatal muscle extract). The molecules responsible for these
      two activities had physicochemical properties that distinguished them both from
      each other and from some other reported neurite-promoting factors. The factor in
      embryonic muscle-conditioned medium, although active on uncoated tissue culture
      wells, bound with only low affinity to tissue culture plastic under cell culture
      conditions. It was inactivated by incubation with trypsin, and was essentially
      found only in media conditioned by muscle and liver cells. The factor in PNME, on
      the other hand, bound to plastic culture wells and was found in extracts of a
      variety of tissues. Its concentration in postnatal leg muscle was developmentally
      regulated: the specific activity increased approximately 10-fold between hatching
      and Day 3 (maximum value: 3200 units/mg protein) and then fell back to nearly its
      original levels by Day 7. Evidence is presented that the observed effects of
      these two neurite-promoting factors did not result from differential survival in
      vitro of different cell subpopulations. Possible roles for the two active factors
      during motoneuron development are discussed.

PMID- 6378690
TI  - Insulin activates phospholipase C in fat cells: similarity with the activation of
      pyruvate dehydrogenase.
AB  - Phospholipase C (PHL-C) activity determined in homogenates of fat cells treated
      with physiological concentrations of insulin showed a 2-3-fold increase as
      compared to controls in the absence of insulin. The changes of PHL-C and pyruvate
      dehydrogenase (PDH) activity which was measured concomitantly exhibited very
      similar characteristics as to insulin sensitivity, saturability, time dependence
      and glucose requirement. Exogenous PHL-C as an activator of PDH in fat cells
      (Honeyman et al., 1983) also showed a striking similarity to insulin. Our
      findings strongly suggest that, in fat cells, PHL-C is susceptible to short-term
      activation by insulin. This effect may be relevant to the mechanism of PDH
      activation and perhaps to other metabolic actions of insulin.

PMID- 6378692
TI  - The role of the germinal vesicle in producing maturation-promoting factor (MPF)
      as revealed by the removal and transplantation of nuclear material in starfish
      oocytes.
AB  - In starfish, oocytes are released from prophase block by a hormone, which has
      been identified as 1-methyladenine. The action of 1-methyladenine is indirect in
      inducing oocyte maturation: it acts on the oocyte surface to produce a
      cytoplasmic maturation-promoting factor (MPF), the direct trigger of germinal
      vesicle breakdown (GVBD). Less than 5 min after hormone addition, thus about 10
      min before appearance of the cytoplasmic maturation-promoting factor, a factor
      appears in the germinal vesicle, which triggers the production of cytoplasmic
      MPF, GVBD, and the subsequent events of meiotic maturation when transferred in
      the cytoplasm of any fully grown oocyte of the starfishes Marthasterias glacialis
      and Asterias rubens. Before hormone action, the germinal vesicle also contains a
      factor capable of inducing meiosis reinitiation in recipient oocytes, but in
      contrast with nuclear MPF, this factor acts exclusively when transferred in the
      cytoplasm of a special category of oocytes (the "competent" oocytes). In contrast
      to other oocytes (the "incompetent" oocytes) the competent oocytes are capable of
      producing MPF to some extent after enucleation, upon hormonal stimulation.
      Transfer of either nuclear or cytoplasmic MPF initially produced in hormone
      treated maturing oocytes triggers the production of both cytoplasmic and nuclear
      MPF in non-hormone-treated recipient oocytes of both categories.

PMID- 6378693
TI  - The mitotic history and radiosensitivity of developing oligodendrocytes in vitro.
AB  - By use of pulse-chase exposure of dissociated cells of rat fetal spinal cord or
      brain to [3H]thymidine (TdR) and unlabeled TdR it has been shown that
      oligodendroglial precursors which do not express galactocerebroside (GalC) divide
      first and later differentiate to express GalC. The rate of proliferation of more
      mature GalC+ oligodendrocytes is considerably lower than that of their GalC-
      precursors. It has been found that oligodendrocyte precursor cells are extremely
      sensitive to [3H]TdR irradiation. Exposure to as little as 0.03 microCi/ml for 24
      hr proved to be harmful, particularly during a critical period before birth. This
      critical period corresponded to the peak of division of oligodendrocyte precursor
      cells.

PMID- 6378694
TI  - Effects of cultured astroglia on the survival of neonatal rat retinal ganglion
      cells in vitro.
AB  - Retinal ganglion cells (RGC), as identified by retrograde horseradish peroxidase
      (HRP) labeling technique, were cultured in a minimal medium; only 20% of them
      survived after 16 hr in vitro. However, superior colliculus-conditioned medium
      was capable of supporting 100% of RGC over this assay time; enhanced neurite
      expression also was evident. It was decided to investigate whether glial cells
      within the superior colliculus may provide a soluble factor capable of supporting
      RGC. Glial-conditioned medium prepared over monolayers of either predominantly
      flat astrocytes (relatively immature) or predominantly process-bearing (mature)
      astrocytes failed to maintain RGC. The possibility that astrocytes may provide
      support for RGC via membrane contact was then investigated. Dissociated retinae
      were grown on monolayers consisting primarily of either flat or process-bearing
      astrocytes. Cultures rich in flat astrocytes maintained over 70% of RGC
      originally present, and many of them exhibited extensive neurite outgrowth and
      elongation. Process-bearing astrocytes were unable to support RGC survival.
      Immature astroglial cells may therefore support RGC via glial-neuronal
      interaction.

PMID- 6378695
TI  - Influence of maternal diabetes on basement membranes, type 2 cells, and
      capillaries in the developing rat lung.
AB  - To determine the effect of maternal diabetes on rat lung development, we studied
      the ultrastructure of the alveolar wall from the ninteenth day of gestation (term
      = 22 days) through the eighth postnatal day in fetal and neonatal rats of mothers
      with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. In normal fetal lung development,
      epithelial basement membranes develop large discontinuities beneath type 2 cells,
      through which cytoplasmic foot processes extend into the interstitium. Maternal
      diabetes delays the appearances of these epithelial basement membrane
      discontinuities and reduces the number of type 2 cell processes that penetrate
      it. These alterations in epithelial basement membrane are reversed after birth.
      There is no ultrastructural evidence of a delay in type 2 cell maturation as
      assessed by lamellar body volume density morphometry. Endothelial basement
      membranes, which are not present around the growing pulmonary capillary bed in
      the pseudoglandular lung, are seen late in normal gestation, primarily around
      capillaries forming the mature air-blood barrier. This development of endothelial
      basement membrane may be delayed in the fetuses of diabetic mothers and reflects
      a significant delay in the expansion of the pulmonary capillary network in these
      animals as assessed by morphometric volume density measurements. This effect on
      capillary growth is not reversed in the newborn animals through 8 days after
      birth. The summation of these effects indicates a generalized slowing of fetal
      lung development by maternal diabetes, some of which effects persist after birth
      and may continue to influence lung development during the period of postnatal
      alveolar septal growth.

PMID- 6378696
TI  - Pre-type I diabetes. Linear loss of beta cell response to intravenous glucose.
AB  - Twenty-one intravenous (i.v.) glucose tolerance tests were performed on nine
      subjects before the onset of overt type I diabetes mellitus. Islet cell
      antibodies (6 of 9 subjects) and elevated levels of Ia-positive T-lymphocytes (3
      of 3 subjects studied) were detected during the prediabetic period. Elevations of
      fasting blood glucose and peak glucose during oral glucose tolerance tests were
      not observed until the year before onset of clinically overt diabetes. During the
      prediabetic period, there was a progressive loss of early-phase insulin release
      to i.v. glucose (rate of decline, 20-40 microU/ml insulin release/yr; correlation
      coefficient, 0.9).

PMID- 6378697
TI  - Evidence for separate handling in vivo of different regions of the insulin
      molecule using A14- and B1-labeled insulin tracers.
AB  - To compare the metabolic characteristics and degradation of insulin tracers
      labeled unselectively, selectively at the A14 position (A14-monoiodoinsulin), and
      selectively at the B1 position (B1-monoiodoinsulin), we have followed the time
      course of disappearance of intact (immunoprecipitable [IP] and trichloroacetic
      acid [TCA] precipitable) iodoinsulin after bolus injection into greyhounds. We
      have used noncompartmental analysis to determine metabolic clearance rate (MCR)
      and apparent distribution space (DS). We have also measured the appearance of non
      IP- and non-TCA-precipitable fragments, and have developed a mathematical model
      using compartmental analysis to explain the observed differences. B1
      Monoiodoinsulin has a significantly higher MCR (16.3 ml/min/kg) than both A14
      monoiodoinsulin (10.6 ml/min/kg) and unfractionated tracers (7.6 ml/min/kg) as
      determined by immunoprecipitation, and reaches the values observed for native
      insulin in greyhounds. MCR values obtained by TCA precipitation are approximately
      one-half of those obtained by IP for all 3 tracers. The concentration of non-IP
      fragments is significantly lower with B1-monoiodoinsulin than with the other
      tracers. Compartmental analysis suggests this to be due to greater intracellular
      retention of the B1 moiety during the experimental period. We conclude that: (1)
      by the criterion of MCR, B1-monoiodoinsulin seems to behave more like native
      insulin than other preparations tested; (2) the reduced MCR of A14
      monoiodoinsulin raises doubts about its validity as a tracer for insulin; (3) a
      high-molecular-weight product of insulin degradation, which includes both the B1
      and the A14-A19 regions of the molecule, is released into the circulation; and
      (4) smaller fragments containing A14-A19 reappear in the circulation more rapidly
      than fragments containing B1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6378698
TI  - A reliable and reproducible test for adequate glucose counterregulation in type I
      diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The safety, reproducibility, and reliability of an insulin infusion test for
      assessment of adequate glucose counterregulation were evaluated in 18 patients
      with type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. When the test (a 60-min, 30
      mU/m2/min insulin infusion) was administered on three separate occasions at 3-4
      wk intervals, coefficients of variation for plasma glucose and counterregulatory
      hormone (glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol, and growth hormone) responses averaged
      less than 8%. No patient experienced symptoms requiring discontinuation of the
      test and plasma glucose concentrations increased spontaneously after stopping the
      insulin infusion. Using objective criteria based on plasma glucose nadirs or
      postnadir rates of plasma glucose recovery, no patient judged to have adequate
      glucose counterregulation by the test (postnadir rates of plasma glucose recovery
      or plasma glucose nadir above 0.4 mg/dl/min and 45 mg/dl) developed severe
      hypoglycemia (plasma glucose less than 40 mg/dl) during up to 7 mo of intensive
      insulin therapy, whereas nearly all patients with inadequate counterregulation
      did. We conclude that this test, when performed in standardized conditions, is
      safe and reproducible and can reliably predict those patients with type I
      diabetes who are at risk of developing severe hypoglycemia during intensive
      insulin therapy.

PMID- 6378700
TI  - Binding of insulin to its receptor impairs recognition by monoclonal anti-insulin
      antibodies.
AB  - The interaction between insulin and its receptor was investigated using both
      monoclonal and polyclonal anti-insulin antibodies. After covalent cross-linking
      of 125I-insulin to the insulin receptor on cultured human lymphocytes (IM-9
      cells) using disuccinimidyl suberate, we inquired whether the insulin-receptor
      complex could be immunoprecipitated with anti-insulin antibodies. While a
      polyclonal guinea pig anti-insulin antiserum succeeded in immunoprecipitating
      receptor-bound 125I-insulin, binding to the receptor decreased the avidity of the
      antiserum for the insulin moiety by a factor of approximately 1000-fold. Sixteen
      distinct monoclonal murine anti-insulin antibodies were employed to
      immunoprecipitate receptor-bound 125I-insulin. Of these 16 monoclonal antibodies,
      only one (antibody 5.9F4) could be shown to recognize receptor-bound 125I
      insulin. Moreover, even with antibody 5.9F4, binding of 125I-insulin to its
      receptor reduced the affinity of the antibody by a factor of 10- to 100-fold.
      These data strongly suggest that, when insulin binds to its receptor, the
      majority of the insulin molecule is unavailable for binding by anti-insulin
      antibodies. It seems likely that the hormone binding site on the receptor may be
      very large, thereby allowing for sequestration of the majority of the insulin
      molecule with relatively little of the hormone remaining exposed.

PMID- 6378699
TI  - The effects of biosynthetic human proinsulin on carbohydrate metabolism.
AB  - Large quantities of biosynthetic human proinsulin have recently become available
      through recombinant DNA technology. Since the in vivo effects of human proinsulin
      have not been studied in man, we compared the dose-response relationship for
      stimulation of glucose disposal and suppression of hepatic glucose output by
      proinsulin and insulin. Ten normal subjects were studied using the euglycemic
      glucose clamp technique. The human proinsulin and insulin infusion rates were
      chosen to achieve steady-state proinsulin levels 10-fold higher than insulin
      levels on a molar basis, based on previous observations that porcine proinsulin
      has approximately 10% the potency of insulin. Proinsulin infusion rates of 2.75,
      7.5, 22.5, and 45 micrograms/m2/min were compared with insulin infusion rates of
      0.63, 1.67, 5, and 10 micrograms/m2/min. Primed, continuous infusions of insulin
      yielded steady-state levels within 25 min, whereas proinsulin levels did not
      reach a steady state for 120-180 min. The metabolic clearance rate of insulin was
      11-12 ml/kg/min at the lower infusion rates but fell to 8.4 ml/kg/min at the
      highest infusion rate. The metabolic clearance rate of proinsulin was 3.0-3.5
      ml/kg/min at all infusion rates. Dose-response analysis demonstrated that
      proinsulin-mediated glucose disposal was approximately 8% that of insulin. In
      contrast, proinsulin-mediated suppression of hepatic glucose output was
      approximately 12% that seen with insulin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6378701
TI  - Effect of glycemic control on serum insulin-like growth factors in diabetes
      mellitus.
AB  - We investigated the effect of improving glycemic control on serum concentrations
      of insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II). In 22 adults followed
      during an intensive home glucose monitoring program for 6 mo, no effect of
      improving control was seen on either IGF-I or IGF-II. Similar results were
      obtained in young diabetic children less than 10 yr of age and in diabetic
      adolescents with detectable puberty before entering the study. In older diabetic
      children without evidence of puberty before treatment (Tanner prepubertal stage
      1), initial IGF-I concentrations were low, but increased during establishment of
      glycemic control. Puberty developed during therapy in this latter group. Our data
      do not support a "global" effect of glycemic control on serum IGF-I in diabetic
      patients. Increases of IGF-I with better glycemic control appear most likely to
      occur when the metabolic consequences of diabetes have suppressed normal pubertal
      increases of IGF-I. IGF-II concentrations were unaffected by glycemic control in
      all subjects.

PMID- 6378702
TI  - Processing of insulin by bovine endothelial cells in culture. Internalization
      without degradation.
AB  - Insulin binding and processing was studied in monolayer cultures of bovine aortic
      endothelial cells. Specific 125I-insulin binding was both time and temperature
      dependent. Maximum binding at 37 degrees C occurred at 90 min, and was 3.8%/mg
      protein and, at 15 degrees C, 7%/mg protein at 4 h. 125I-insulin was crosslinked
      to its receptor using disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS), and the structure of the
      receptor complex was identified by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
      autoradiography; a major band with Mr = 145,000 was identified, which corresponds
      to the alpha-subunit of the insulin receptor reported in other tissues. Receptor
      bound insulin was internalized, and both the rate and the amount of
      internalization were temperature dependent. The rate of internalization was
      slowest at 4 degrees C, and fastest at 37 degrees C, and the maximum amount of
      125I-insulin internalized in 120 min was 16% at 4 degrees C, 45% at 15 degrees C,
      and 81% at 37 degrees C. Despite the high rate of internalization, endothelial
      cells do not appear to degrade insulin significantly, as determined by gel
      chromatography and TCA solubility (7% at 4 h) of media-associated radioactivity.
      In addition, the majority of internalized insulin (75%) was released by 60 min,
      largely as intact insulin. Chloroquine treatment at high concentration did not
      exert any major effect on insulin binding or degradation within the first 60 min,
      but thereafter produced a marked increase in cell-associated
      radioactivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6378704
TI  - Biochemical interactions and nephrotoxicity.
AB  - To understand the nephrotoxicity of xenobiotics, the species, strain, sex, and
      the presence of other chemicals must be considered. This review has considered
      the importance of these factors in determining the nephrotoxic liability of a
      drug. For example, cephaloridine is more nephrotoxic in rabbit than rats and is
      least nephrotoxic in mice. This species-dependent susceptibility to cephaloridine
      nephrotoxicity appears to be related to the degree in which cephaloridine
      depletes renal cortical glutathione. Additionally, only male mice of certain
      strains are susceptible to chloroform-induced nephrotoxicity. Lastly, the
      presence of certain ketones or ketogenic substances such as acetone and hexane
      enhance chloroform-induced nephrotoxicity in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Knowing
      which factors can enhance or limit nephrotoxicity of drugs will lend to a better
      understanding of the mechanism of these toxicities as well as to design compounds
      with lesser toxicities.

PMID- 6378703
TI  - Isolation of T-lymphocyte lines with specificity for islet cell antigens from
      spontaneously diabetic (insulin-dependent) rats.
AB  - T-lymphocyte lines specific for islet cell antigens were isolated from the spleen
      and pancreas of newly diabetic BB rats or from the related strain BBUF. These
      cell lines were grown in continuous culture with interleukin-2 (IL-2) containing
      medium for greater than 60 days. Such T-lymphocytes responded by proliferation
      and IL-2 secretion in the combined presence of islet cell antigens and major
      histocompatibility (MHC)-matched antigen-presenting cells. By fluorescence
      activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis the cells were W3/13+, W3/25+, and OX8-.
      Thus, both functionally and by cell-surface-marker analysis they appear to be of
      the T-helper phenotype. The long-term growth and study of anti-islet T-lymphocyte
      lines will permit a detailed analysis of the role of T-lymphocytes in the
      pathogenesis of IDDM.

PMID- 6378705
TI  - Modulation of chemical carcinogenesis by xenobiotics.
AB  - Xenobiotics enhance and inhibit chemical carcinogenesis by a variety of
      mechanisms through effects at different steps in the overall process, including
      modification of carcinogen availability, biotransformation, reactive
      interactions, expression of cellular alteration, and neoplastic development.
      Importantly, the same agent can be both an enhancer or an inhibitor depending
      upon the circumstance of its interaction with the carcinogen.

PMID- 6378706
TI  - Epidemiology: use and utility in the process.

PMID- 6378707
TI  - Uncertainty and the estimation of human hazard: the science of food safety.

PMID- 6378708
TI  - Activities of transforming growth factors on cell lines and their modification by
      other growth factors.
AB  - Soft agar colony-forming activity of transforming growth factors (TGFs) was
      examined by a simplified method of soft agar micro-assay using nontransformed
      mouse BALB/3T3 and normal rat kidney (NRK) cells. Bio-Gel P-60 chromatography of
      acid-ethanol extracts from a human placenta, a human tumor, and hamster embryos
      gave similar patterns of colony-forming activity towards BALB/3T3 cells and
      epidermal growth factor (EGF)-potentiated NRK cells, although the molecular
      weight ranges of the active fractions were different among the three sources. In
      the soft agar assay using BALB/3T3 cells, colony-forming activity of a TGF
      preparation from human placenta was markedly enhanced by insulin, but not by EGF.
      In contrast, the activity was enhanced by EGF, but not by insulin, when NRK cells
      were used. Fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor induced
      colonies of both BALB/3T3 and NRK cells, and the induction was suppressed by the
      TGF preparation. TGF preparations could not induce soft agar colonies of
      C3H/10T1/2 cells or human foreskin diploid fibroblasts, although they increased
      the saturation densities of these cell types in monolayer cultures.

PMID- 6378709
TI  - [Hepatitis caused by new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents].

PMID- 6378710
TI  - Albendazole: a new concept in the control of intestinal helminthiasis.

PMID- 6378711
TI  - American Gastroenterological Association: our new president--Norton J.
      Greenberger.

PMID- 6378712
TI  - Electron microscopic identification of histidine decarboxylase-containing
      endocrine cells of the rat gastric mucosa. An immunohistochemical analysis.
AB  - The localization of histidine decarboxylase-like immunoreactive structures in the
      mucosal cells of the rat stomach was studied by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase
      method. At the light microscopic level, histidine decarboxylase-like
      immunoreactivity-containing cells were concentrated in the basal part of the
      oxyntic region, whereas in other areas no immunoreactive cells were seen.
      Ultrastructural study showed that reaction end products were diffusely
      distributed within the cytoplasm of the enterochromaffinlike cells but other cell
      types such as A cells, G cells, and enterochromaffin cells were not labeled.
      These findings suggest that enterochromaffinlike cells synthesize histamine.

PMID- 6378713
TI  - Development of collagenous colitis in sequential biopsy specimens.
AB  - The present report describes the morphologic findings in sequential colorectal
      biopsy specimens obtained from 2 patients who within 1.5-2.5 yr developed
      collagenous colitis. The initial biopsy specimens revealed an acute nonspecific
      inflammatory reaction in the colorectal mucosa. An intermediate stage,
      characterized by edema and slight fibrosis in the subepithelial region of the
      colorectal mucosa, preceded the final development of collagenous colitis. We
      suggest that the mechanism that leads to the formation of a thick, bandlike
      subepithelial collagenous deposit in the colorectal mucosa may be triggered off
      by some inflammatory or toxic stimulus.

PMID- 6378714
TI  - [Natural family planning (symptothermal method) and objective ovulation
      parameters--a pilot study].
AB  - This pilot study involved 20 cycles contributed by six apparently healthy women.
      They were all experienced users of the symptothermal method of NFP and trained as
      NFP-teachers. In a double-blind study NFP-parameters like S-19 = F1, appearance
      of any mucus = F2 and appearance of fertil mucus = F3 also peak mucus symptom +4
      = L1 and 3. day of high basal body temperature = L2 are related to ovulation
      detected by ultrasonic measurement of follicular growth and hormonal values (LH,
      total Oestrogen in urine). We have focused on the calculation of the first day
      and the end of the fertile phase. In relation to the maximal follicular diameter
      (mfd = day 0) the LH-peak was located at day -0,7. The peak mucus symptom was
      observed at day -0,58. F1 was seen 10,4 +/- 2,6 days, F2 6,2 +/- 2,6 days, F3 2,8
      +/- 1,4 days before day 0. L1 was located at 3,37 +/- 1,74 days, L2 4,1 +/- 1,95
      days after day 0. Using at least 2 indicators as recommended with the
      symptothermal method none of 19 cycles failed to detect the beginning of the
      fertile phase, but 3 out of 20 failed to detect the end. In 19 out of 20 cycles
      natural signals observed by the participants indicated ovulation. It must be
      mentioned that all our women were highly motivated persons.

PMID- 6378715
TI  - Heterologous radioimmunoassay of fox LH: levels during the reproductive season
      and the anoestrus of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes L.).
AB  - A heterologous radioimmunoassay using ovine LH as the labeled hormone, canine LH
      as the standard, and an antiovine LH rabbit serum was validated for the
      measurement of fox LH. Physiological validation of the assay was evidenced by the
      high concentrations of LH at oestrus and following ovariectomy or the
      administration of LH-RH. Throughout the year, plasma LH levels demonstrate
      important variations, being low during and after the luteal phase (1.4 +/- 0.3
      ng/ml) (mean +/- SE) and increasing during the second part of anoestrus (5.2 +/-
      1.4 ng/ml). This latter increase might be correlated with that of androgens
      observed at the same period. Several LH rises preceded the preovulatory LH surge.

PMID- 6378716
TI  - Effects of LH-RH and Des-Gly10[D-Ala6]LH-RH-ethylamide on plasma sex steroid
      profiles in adult female coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch).
AB  - 17 beta-Estradiol, testosterone, and 17 alpha, 20 beta dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one
      (17 alpha 20 beta P) levels were measured in plasma samples obtained from coho
      salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) during the preovulatory period and following the
      injection of mammalian gonadotropin releasing hormones. Spontaneous reproductive
      activity was characterized by a rapid decline in plasma 17 beta-estradiol 10 days
      prior to ovulation and a large increase in plasma 17 alpha 20 beta P 6 days
      before ovulation. Testosterone levels remained high (greater than 125 ng/ml)
      throughout the preovulatory period, with a small peak evident 6 days prior to
      ovulation. Oocyte development was not accelerated in fish injected with mammalian
      LH-RH, whereas des-Gly10[D-Ala6]LH-RH-ethylamide (LH-RHA DAla6) promoted germinal
      vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in 10 out of 14 fish within 96 hr. Only LH-RHA DAla6
      injected fish which completed GVBD displayed the characteristic steroid changes
      observed during spontaneous reproductive activity. In LH-RH-injected fish, there
      was a transient increase in plasma 17 alpha 20 beta P levels which persisted for
      less than 24 hr. LH-RHA DAla6-injected fish which failed to complete GVBD
      maintained high 17 alpha 20 beta P levels, but the peak concentrations were lower
      than those in fish which completed GVBD. These fish also maintained high plasma
      17 beta-estradiol levels when compared to fish which completed GVBD. The
      appearance of high plasma 17 alpha 20 beta P levels during spontaneous and LH-RHA
      DAla6-induced reproductive activity was coincident with the time of GVBD. This
      finding was consistent with the view that 17 alpha 20 beta P functions as the
      maturation-inducing steroid in salmonids. The induction of GVBD using
      gonadotropin-releasing hormones was related to the elevation of plasma
      gonadotropin levels for greater than 24 hr [G. Van Der Kraak, H. R. Lin, E. M.
      Donaldson, H. M. Dye, and G. A. Hunter (1983) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 49, 470-476]
      and a decrease in 17 beta-estradiol production.

PMID- 6378717
TI  - Current response of bilayer lipid membrane to killer factor from Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae T158C.

PMID- 6378718
TI  - Behavioral interventions and stress management training for hospitalized
      adolescents and young adults with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Recent studies have demonstrated that the majority of cystic fibrosis (CF)
      patients are not at high risk for developing psychological problems. Clinical
      studies emphasizing the development of adaptive coping mechanisms in these
      patients have been suggested as a more appropriate line of research. The purpose
      of the present paper is to describe our experience in teaching various behavioral
      and stress management strategies to help CF patients. Behavioral counseling,
      relaxation training, and biofeedback have all been used with these patients to
      help them manage a number of problems more effectively. The predominant
      presenting problems have included elevated anxiety levels, sleeping difficulties,
      pain, and hyperventilation episodes. The typical treatment course with these
      patients is described and a case example is given to help elucidate the nature of
      behavioral interventions. Patient satisfaction ratings indicate that most
      patients view these techniques positively. Clinical observations suggest that the
      acquisition of behavioral coping skills may enhance the CF patient's perceived
      control of his/her situation, reduce the level of pain and anxiety, and enhance
      the quality of life.

PMID- 6378720
TI  - Genetic and environmental modification of gene expression in the brlA12
      variegated position effect mutant of Aspergillus nidulans.

PMID- 6378719
TI  - [Possible cytogenetic mechanisms of direct paternal influence on the human
      twinning tendency and their consequences: a hypothesis].
AB  - Certain cytogenetic mechanisms are suggested to explain the puzzling cases of the
      direct male influence on the repeated twin births in mammals including humans.
      The hypothesis is based on the peculiarities of female oogenesis and meiosis, the
      peculiarities of fertilization and on the established facts of the occurrence of
      true viable chimaeras produced by separate fertilization of two meiotic products
      of oogenesis. We postulate that definite genetic factors are transferred from the
      paternal side whose products become active in male gametes and promote
      penetration of two spermatozoa (polyspermy) or appearance of two male pronuclei
      in the egg cytoplasm. The results of such events may be twinning and occurrence
      of chimaeric or heteroploid individuals. The appearance of viable twins produced
      by male-dependent polyspermy may be considered as a fortunate outcome of various
      possible cytogenetic anomalies of fertilization, meiosis, and cleavage divisions.
      The existence of non-canonical cases of twins, except mono-and dizygotic ones is
      postulated, according to the hypothesis. Twins pairs produced by two paternal and
      one maternal genomes may be called "one and halfzygotic or sesquizygotic". The
      different types of twins may be classified in an order, according to the degree
      of genetic similarity; monozygotic, chimaeric, sesquizygotic chimaeric,
      sesquizygotic and dizygotic. This gives an opportunity to explain the appearance
      of 2 to 3% of "doubtful cases" in mass classification of twin pairs into mono-
      and dizygotic. The verification of the hypothesis involves the special thorough
      genetic and cytogenetic analysis of all twin sibs and their parents in families
      with the direct paternal influence on twin births.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6378721
TI  - [Kerner's "Kleksographien" and Rorschach's "Psychodiagnostik"].

PMID- 6378722
TI  - [The neurotic life problem of Nietzche as an active force and the limits of his
      philosophy].

PMID- 6378723
TI  - [Charles Greene Cumston (1868-1928), a medical historiographer of 2 continents].

PMID- 6378724
TI  - The myth of mental illness: the Feuchtersleben version.

PMID- 6378725
TI  - [Mesmer, Braid and Bernheim: on the history of the development of hypnotism].

PMID- 6378726
TI  - Adolf Meyer--student of the Zurich Psychiatric School.

PMID- 6378728
TI  - [25th anniversary of the Opole Branch of the Polish Gynecological Society].

PMID- 6378727
TI  - [Paul Dubois (1848-1918). His place in the history of psychotherapy].

PMID- 6378729
TI  - [Surgical treatment of total anomalous drainage of the pulmonary veins in early
      childhood].

PMID- 6378730
TI  - [Radical correction of the tetralogy of Fallot complicated by infectious
      endocarditis].

PMID- 6378731
TI  - [Case of successful correction of tetralogy of Fallot with abnormal branching-out
      of the left the pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta].

PMID- 6378732
TI  - Cellulose and the human gut.

PMID- 6378733
TI  - Factors influencing the healing rate of gastric ulcer in hospitalised subjects.
AB  - A multiple linear regression analysis was carried out on 75 inpatients with
      gastric ulcer. In order to elucidate the effects of various factors - endoscopic
      and roentgenological findings, age, sex, medical history, and drugs such as
      antacids, anticholinergics or both - on the healing rate, these factors were
      compared between those with ulcer which healed within eight weeks after treatment
      and those which did not. In patients over 50 years of age, alcohol consumption of
      over 60 g per day until admission, duration of present ulcer pain for over three
      months, single ulcer, ulcer located in the lesser curvature and uneven elevation
      around the ulcer, there was significant delaying effect on ulcer healing. Drug
      ingestion, sex, smoking habits until admission, size, depth, and shape of ulcer,
      coexisting gastritis, and past and family history of ulcer disease had no
      significant effect on healing after eight weeks. The patients with less than two
      unfavourable factors (n = 46) had the best healing rate (100%) compared with
      those with three (n = 20) or four or more (n = 9) unfavourable factors. The
      healing rate of the latter two groups was 60% and 22%, respectively (p less than
      0.001). A prognostic score based on these six factors represents the severity of
      gastric ulcer disease with regard to the healing rate in patients prescribed
      antacids, and/or anticholinergic drugs.

PMID- 6378734
TI  - [What is the value of stable osteosynthesis of the distal radius?].
AB  - 127 or 4% of the fractures of the distal radius seen in our department between
      1968 and 1979 have been treated by internal fixation. 85 of these wrists could be
      reviewed after an average of 4.8 years. 70% of the fractures were
      multifragmentary and 87% involved the joint surface. In this difficult group
      correct length of the radius was restored in two thirds, and physiological angles
      of the joint in one third of the cases. In spite of frequent limitation of motion
      of the wrist joint, 80% of the patients were satisfied with the result. Careful
      selection of cases for internal fixation is necessary. It is indicated mainly in
      the Smith type fractures but may be replaced by percutaneous K-wire pinning, the
      external fixator or a delayed osteotomy.

PMID- 6378735
TI  - [Primary prevention of ischemic heart diseases by hypercholesterolemic therapy.
      Results of the lipid research clinics coronary primary prevention trial].

PMID- 6378736
TI  - Hydatigera taeniaeformis (Batsch, 1786) as the cause of mass deaths of muskrats.

PMID- 6378737
TI  - [Formation of experimental obesity by Crisco].
AB  - Randomized male litter S.D. rats (weight: about 60 g, 1 group: 10 rats) were
      used. By using Crisco (hydrogenated cotton seed oil) within the limits of 10
      approximately 60%, the intake of the 30% group was high and a good incidence rate
      of obesity (about 100%) was obtained in the 6 month experiment. In the 30% group,
      increases of wet weight in perirenal retroperitoneal and subcutaneous fat depots,
      increases of the number and diameter of fat cells (perirenal retroperitoneal fat
      depot), elevations of liver fat % and serum insulin level, and a fall of liver
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity were observed in the 3 month
      experiment.

PMID- 6378738
TI  - Cell cycle in Mycobacterium phlei.
AB  - The initial replication region of the chromosome on the replication map of M.
      phlei constructed by means of sequential mutagenesis in synchronous populations
      was accurately determined. By following the time shift of the replication moment
      of the genes bac and met in the control culture and in the culture with the
      initial inhibition of DNA synthesis by nalidixic acid the start of replication of
      the chromosome was determined at 15 min before replication of the gene ile. On
      the basis of the results obtained a scheme of the cell cycle in M. phlei was
      proposed. Intervals C and D depend on the generation time, become prolonged
      independently of each other and assume the whole cycle. The ratio C/(C + D)
      equals to 0.56 and the interval D has a value of 0.76 of the interval C. The
      mutual ratio of the intervals C : D is 1.3 : 1.0. The obtained results make it
      possible to form the assumption about mutual ratios between the chromosome
      replication and cell division in bacteria exhibiting slow growth rates.

PMID- 6378739
TI  - A rapid method for the assay of nitrate in urine using the nitrate reductase
      enzyme of Escherichia coli.
AB  - A method was developed for urinary nitrate analysis utilizing an enzyme of
      Escherichia coli for the reduction of nitrate to nitrite. The resulting nitrite
      was assayed by a standard diazotization procedure. Under the experimental
      conditions stoichiometric conversion of nitrate to nitrite was achieved. Crude
      enzyme present in bacterial suspensions was used without any initial purification
      and no prior treatment of the urine samples was necessary. The bacteria were
      cultured under conditions producing high nitrate reductase activity and used
      formate as an exogenous electron donor without demonstrating any nitrite
      reductase activity. The procedure was subsequently automated to produce rapid,
      simultaneous determination of urinary nitrate and nitrite at the rate of 45
      analyses/hr.

PMID- 6378740
TI  - Inhibition of non-specific leukocyte esterase activity. Absence of monocyte
      esterase activity due to phosphoric and thiophosphoric acid ester intoxication.
AB  - In vitro evaluation of the effect of five insecticidal phosphoric and 11
      thiophosphoric acid esters on different, non-specific human leukocytes esterases
      indicated that most of the organic phosphor compounds studied inhibited the
      activity of neutral alpha-naphthylacetate esterase, alpha-naphthylbutyryl
      esterase, and naphthol AS acetate esterase, i.e. the monocyte esterases. The
      extent of inhibition was dose dependent; the inhibiting dose being identical for
      the various non-specific esterases. Reactivation with Obidoxim was not
      successful. Monocyte esterase activity in a human survivor of E 605 intoxication
      was detectable only after serum acetylcholinesterase had returned to normal
      levels. The organic phosphor compound studied, however, inhibited neither acid
      alpha-naphthylacetate esterase nor naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase activity.

PMID- 6378741
TI  - Aberrent group B reactions detected in mixtures of semen and vaginal secretions
      possibly due to acquired B.
AB  - Routine ABO grouping tests performed on vaginal swabs from a group O female
      showed the presence of blood group B activity as well as the expected A and H
      activity after intercourse with her group A partner. The source of the B activity
      was readily detectable using the Laboratory's routine elution test, but it was
      not detectable when a monoclonal anti-B was used and detection by the inhibition
      technique was possible only with a selected antiserum. A possible explanation of
      the reactions observed is that the acquired B is capable of reacting with only a
      portion of the antibodies present in normal polyclonal anti-B sera.

PMID- 6378742
TI  - Dermatoglyphic examination of the dermal surface of bodies in advanced postmortem
      condition.
AB  - A new technique was applied to examine dermatoglyphic characteristics in dead
      bodies in advanced postmortem conditions. For this purpose, the volar skin was
      first fixed in formalin, incubated in 1 N potassium hydroxide solution, and then
      the dermis was exposed. Dermatoglyphic features were inspected on the dermal
      surface by staining with toluidine blue solution. This technique may be useful in
      cases in which the regular examination process does not provide favourable
      results because of advanced decomposition of the skin.

PMID- 6378743
TI  - [Prevention of the development of tolerance to isosorbide dinitrate in interval
      therapy].
AB  - A number of carefully controlled studies in recent years have unequivocally
      documented evidence of tolerance development with respect to anti-ischemic
      effects during longterm treatment with nitrates [1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8]. To determine
      to what extent tolerance development can be circumvented through an interval
      regimen, a study was performed in ten patients with stable angina pectoris and
      reproducible ST-segment depression according to a randomized, double-blind, cross
      over, placebo-controlled protocol. Analysis of the anti-ischemic effect of 20 mg
      ISDN was carried out after acute administration and during chronic treatment on
      an interval regimen with the administration of 20 mg ISDN in the morning (at 8
      a.m.) and at midday (1 p.m.) (Figure 1). On acute administration, 20 mg ISDN led
      to a reduction in ST-segment depression from 2.15 to 0.40 mm (p less than 0.01)
      and during longterm treatment from 2.25 to 0.40 mm (p less than 0.01) (Figure 2,
      Table 1). After acute administration the plasma concentration of ISDN was 9
      ng/ml, 2-ISMN 34 ng/ml and 5-ISMN 149 ng/ml (Figure 5, Table 2). Of the control
      values during longterm treatment, a detectable level was found only for 5-ISMN
      with a concentration of 36 ng/ml while that of both 2-ISMN and ISDN was 0 ng/ml.
      On renewed administration, there was an increase of ISDN to 9 ng/ml, 2-ISMN to 37
      ng/ml and 5-ISMN to 208 ng/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6378745
TI  - [Lonazolac-Calcium. A new non-steroidal antirheumatic agent for the treatment of
      progressive polyarthritis. A long-term open controlled trial].

PMID- 6378744
TI  - [The major histocompatibility system in man and systemic lupus erythematosus.
      (SLE). I. Present status of knowledge].

PMID- 6378746
TI  - [The substrate specificity of acyl-CoA synthetase from E. coli and the
      characterization of its purified preparation].
AB  - The substrate specificity of the acyl-CoA synthetase from E. coli was studied.
      The enzyme was purified by means of DEAE-Sephacel, hydroxyapatite, Sepharose 6B,
      and blue dextran-Sepharose 6B chromatography. The molecular weight of the
      purified enzyme was 47,000 estimated by Sephadex G-200 column chromatography.
      45,000 was determined as the molecular weight by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme was quite unstable,
      however, the high concentration of potassium phosphate increased its stability.
      The chaotropic ion decreased the activity of purified enzyme, and the addition of
      the antichaotropic ions restored the activity to the original level. The purified
      enzyme activated the fatty acids with chain length of 6 to 18 carbon atoms, which
      was similar to the observations for the acyl-CoA synthetase in the crude extracts
      of E. coli. The purified enzyme also activated trans fatty acids at the same
      conversion rates as the corresponding cis isomers. Throughout the purification
      procedure, decanoyl-CoA synthetase activity was observed in the fractions which
      contained oleoyl-CoA synthetase activity.

PMID- 6378747
TI  - Renal osteodystrophy: pathophysiology and treatment.

PMID- 6378748
TI  - Corticosteroids and bone: a review.

PMID- 6378749
TI  - Calcitonin in human pathophysiology.

PMID- 6378750
TI  - Calcium homeostasis and pathogenesis of hypercalcemia.

PMID- 6378752
TI  - Follicular lymphoma.

PMID- 6378751
TI  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting antimitochondrial
      antibody.
AB  - We have developed an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for
      antimitochondrial antibody. Polyvinyl microtiter plate wells are coated with
      partially purified rat kidney mitochondria, and excess protein binding sites are
      blocked with bovine serum albumin. Human serum, diluted 1:1,000, is incubated for
      1 hr. Then beta-galactosidase-goat-anti-human IgG (H + L) is added followed by
      the substrate, p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside. The plates are then read
      at 404 nM in a microelisa autoreader. A positive result was defined as optical
      density greater than or equal to 0.100, more than 5 standard deviations above the
      mean of 36 normal individuals. With this technique, 56 of 60 patients with
      primary biliary cirrhosis were positive for antimitochondrial antibody (93%),
      mean O.D., 0.456 +/- 0.031 S.E. Seventeen of 17 patients with extrahepatic bile
      duct obstruction and 14 or 14 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis were negative.
      Only 1 of 29 patients with chronic active liver disease was positive (4%).
      Antinuclear antibody and antimicrosomal antibody do not bind in this assay, and
      activity is absorbed from sera by preincubation with suspensions of rat kidney
      mitochondria. The ELISA is approximately 20 times more sensitive than a
      quantitative microtiter complement fixation technique and more convenient than
      radioimmunoassay. It is rapid, quantitative and uses stable reagents. In contrast
      to immunofluorescence techniques, it is not affected by observer interpretation.

PMID- 6378754
TI  - The clinical usefulness of lithium as an antidepressant.
AB  - Much attention has been directed toward the use of lithium in bipolar depressive
      illness (manic-depressive illness), but fewer studies have evaluated lithium's
      efficacy in unipolar depressive disorders. This paper critically reviews the
      literature dealing with the use of lithium for the treatment of acute unipolar
      depression as well as for prophylaxis against future depressive episodes.
      Differences in study design, entry criteria, serum lithium level, dose, patient
      population, and diagnosis are highlighted; these variations help explain some of
      the controversy surrounding the use of lithium in unipolar depression. The
      available information indicates that lithium should be seriously considered as an
      effective alternative for the treatment of unipolar depression when other
      antidepressant medications are ineffective or contraindicated.

PMID- 6378753
TI  - A report on a prospective trial of no initial therapy in patients with initial
      therapy in patients with asymptomatic favourable prognosis non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma.
AB  - Thirty-one (58 per cent) of a group of fifty-three unselected patients with stage
      II-IV favourable prognosis non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were regarded as being eligible
      for a prospective study of no initial therapy. Seventeen of these patients (55
      per cent) have required no treatment for periods from 6 + -47 + months, (median
      18 months) and fourteen patients have been treated with chemotherapy for
      progressive disease after a period varying from 3-40 months (median 9.5 months).
      Selected asymptomatic patients with non-bulky disease may be suitable for no
      initial therapy. Randomized prospective trials will be needed to test whether
      survival is affected by delaying therapy.

PMID- 6378755
TI  - What's involved in telecommunications management?

PMID- 6378756
TI  - Raymond Pearl: on the frontier in the 1920's. Raymond Pearl memorial lecture,
      1983.

PMID- 6378757
TI  - Scar cancers of the lung: origin and significance.
AB  - The relation between scarring and the development of pulmonary neoplasia has been
      a topic of interest for some time. One current concept suggests that the scar is
      a predisposing factor in the development of a cancer. In contrast, the scar or
      desmoplasia observed in breast, stomach, pancreatic, and colonic neoplasms is
      presumed to be a host response to the neoplasm. In the present study type
      specific collagen antibodies were used in an immunofluorescence assay. By taking
      advantage of the collagen heterogeneity present in the lung and the changes in
      relative amounts of different collagen types during the fibrotic response, the
      fibrotic processes in tumorous and nontumorous areas of individual specimens were
      assessed qualitatively. The findings are consistent with the notion that the scar
      or desmoplasia in and around pulmonary tumors is not "mature" and inactive but
      rather represents an active, ongoing process, as evidenced by the continued
      presence of type III collagen. In contrast, areas of fibrosed lung parenchyma at
      some distance from the neoplasm revealed a mature, late stage of the fibrotic
      process, as evidenced by a decrease in type III and increases in types I and V
      collagen. Thus, the findings support the notion that the scarring associated with
      pulmonary neoplasia appears to be a host response to the tumor.

PMID- 6378758
TI  - Meningoencephalitis due to serratia marcescens infection in neonates.
AB  - Six autopsy cases of Serratia meningoencephalitis were reported. The symptoms of
      this infection become apparent at an early stage in neonates; the
      meningoencephalitis in these six cases was severe, with or without inflammatory
      lesions in other organs. Serratia marcescens was originally described as a
      nonpathogenic organism; however, it is believed that after entering the blood
      stream of neonates, it becomes pathogenic, especially to the central nervous
      system. Meningoencephalitis due to Serratia marcescens is very severe and takes a
      rapid and progressive course against which no antibiotics have been found
      effective. Prevention of this infection is therefore considered of crucial
      importance.

PMID- 6378759
TI  - Development of immune complex nephritis during treatment with the calcium channel
      blocking agent nifedipine.
AB  - Following multiple myocardial infarctions, a patient was treated with the calcium
      channel-blocking agent nifedipine. Within three months he had proteinuria of up
      to 460 mg/24 hours. Renal biopsy showed an immune complex glomerulonephritis. The
      presence of microfibrils was associated with the capillary basement membrane and
      mesangial changes.

PMID- 6378760
TI  - Correlation of histopathologic evidence of disease activity with the presence of
      immunoglobulin-containing cells in the colons of patients with inflammatory bowel
      disease.
AB  - Immunofluorescence of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues was performed to
      study the plasma cell population in 114 colonic specimens from 58 patients.
      Correlation of the histopathologic stage of disease activity with the isotypes
      and numbers of immunoglobulin-containing cells in the lamina propria demonstrated
      highly significant (P less than 0.001) increases in the mean numbers of IgG- (18
      fold), IgA- (twofold) and IgM- (sixfold) containing cells in specimens from
      patients with active inflammatory bowel disease as compared with control
      specimens. Increased numbers of immunoglobulin-containing cells were uncommon in
      inactive inflammatory bowel disease and in reactive mucosa. No deposition of
      immunoglobulin-containing immune complexes was found at any stage of disease
      activity. These findings suggest that immune complex-mediated damage does not
      play a major role in the epithelial damage in inflammatory bowel disease. In
      future studies, it will be of importance to determine whether the antibody from
      immunoglobulin-containing cells seen in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
      can effect damage via an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity mechanism.

PMID- 6378761
TI  - A list of cloned human DNA sequences--supplement.

PMID- 6378762
TI  - Mechanism of neonatally induced idiotype suppression and its relevance for the
      acquisition of self-tolerance.
AB  - We present an analysis of the elimination of a monoclonal anti-idiotope antibody
      injected into C57BL/6 mice on the day of birth. During the first 4 weeks of life
      the antibody is eliminated from the circulation with a slow half-life, ranging
      from 15-18 days. This finding makes sense biologically as the animals depend at
      that time on maternally transmitted antibodies. After 4 weeks elimination speeds
      up considerably. The rate of elimination appears to be the same for a 1 microgram
      and a 100 microgram dose. The elimination data and previous results on the
      specificity, duration and cellular basis of idiotype suppression induced by the
      monoclonal anti-idiotope fit into the following model of idiotype suppression,
      which is in good accord with other experimental evidence on idiotype and allotype
      suppression in the literature: suppression depends strictly on the concentration
      of anti-idiotope in the cellular environment. As long as it is in the microgram
      range, the generation of idiotope-bearing B cells from pre-B cells is prevented.
      The system recovers quickly from this type of suppression, as soon as the
      concentration of anti-idiotope falls below that range. A second type of
      suppression is also induced in the anti-idiotope-treated animals. It is long
      lived (8-10 weeks longer that the first type), has a peculiar specificity in that
      it affects, in our particular case, only a certain subset of the antibodies
      bearing the target idiotope, and involves regulatory T (and possibly B) cells
      which prevent the functional maturation of B cells expressing those antibodies in
      the animal. Suppression of this type also depends strictly on anti-idiotope
      concentration and is induced either at the time when the generation of idiotope
      bearing B cells from pre-B cells is still inhibited or just thereafter, when such
      cells begin to appear in the system and the anti-idiotope concentration is still
      at a few hundred nanograms per ml. Experimental evidence indicates that in the
      induction of suppression, the primary target of the anti-idiotope are idiotope
      bearing antibodies variable regions. We assume that those variable regions,
      complexed by anti-idiotope are the inducers of regulatory (suppressive) T cells.
      Idiotype suppression may also be induced upon interaction of antibody variable
      regions (and possibly other receptors) with ligands other than anti-idiotypic
      antibodies. We, therefore, think that idiotype suppression not only establishes
      self-tolerance within the antibody system, but is a mechanism of self-tolerance
      in general.

PMID- 6378763
TI  - Idiotypic networks and other preconceived ideas.
AB  - The preceding section implies that the immune system (like the brain) reflects
      first ourselves, then produces a reflection of this reflection, and that
      subsequently it reflects the outside world: a hall of mirrors. The second mirror
      images (i.e., stable anti-idiotypic elements) may well be more complex than the
      first images (i.e., anti-self). Both give rise to distortions (e.g., mutations,
      gene rearrangements) permitting the recognition of nonself. The mirror images of
      the outside world, however, do not have permanency in the genome. Every
      individual must start with self. Paraphrasing Nicolas Schoffer (Schoffer 1982):
      those who always seek exterior pressures (e.g., microbes) to account for the
      evolution of the sets of V genes, would do well to turn their vision towards the
      interiors of themselves, and there discover the mystery, perhaps never completely
      revealable, of the immune system.

PMID- 6378764
TI  - Serological interactions among sera of human renal graft recipients.
AB  - Serological interactions among sera of human renal graft recipients in double
      diffusion in gel were observed by chance. Antigen was detected in six of 127
      recipients and antibody in two of 30 recipients tested. One of the six recipients
      carrying the antigen had also antibody in one serum sample. On the basis of the
      pattern of reactions observed, the hypothesis was expressed that the described
      antigen-antibody system had "pan" rather than "allo" character.

PMID- 6378765
TI  - Transfer of innate resistance and susceptibility to Leishmania donovani infection
      in mouse radiation bone marrow chimaeras.
AB  - Reciprocal radiation bone marrow chimaeras were made between H-2-compatible
      strains of mice innately resistant or susceptible to visceral leishmaniasis. In
      initial experiments, susceptibility but not resistance to Leishmania donovani
      could be transferred with donor bone marrow into irradiated recipients. In
      subsequent experiments it was possible to transfer both resistance and
      susceptibility. This was achieved either by selecting more radiosensitive mouse
      strains as susceptible recipients, or alternatively by increasing the irradiation
      dose for the susceptible recipients used in the initial experiments. Using the
      higher irradiation dose, successful transfer of resistance and susceptibility
      between congenic mice carrying the Lshr and Lshs alleles on the more
      radioresistant B10 genetic background provided firm evidence that the results
      obtained in this study were specifically related to expression of the Lsh gene.
      We conclude that Lsh gene-controlled resistance and susceptibility to L. donovani
      is determined by bone marrow-derived cells. The cell type(s) involved is likely
      to be of the macrophage lineage.

PMID- 6378766
TI  - Induction of anti-intermediate filament antibody in rabbits experimentally
      infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei.

PMID- 6378767
TI  - Defective regulation of the immune response to tetanus toxoid in Hashimoto's
      disease.
AB  - The humoral immune response to tetanus toxoid has been studied in patients with
      Hashimoto's disease. Although the magnitude of the response was similar to that
      observed in normal subjects, the Hashimoto patients demonstrated an inability to
      regulate their levels of tetanus toxoid antibody. This apparent defect in the
      control of antibody synthesis may be an important factor in both the initiation
      and perpetuation of autoimmune thyroid disease.

PMID- 6378769
TI  - Class I antigens of the major histocompatibility complex on cytotrophoblast of
      human chorion laeve.
AB  - Twenty amniochorions from normal, term pregnancies were studied
      immunohistologically with the use of well-characterized monoclonal antibodies to
      beta-2-microglobulin (beta 2M) and to common determinant of HLA-A, -B, -C. In the
      same study, polyclonal antiserum to trophoblast antigens (TA) were employed with
      double fluorochrome labels to determine if cytotrophoblast in the chorion laeve
      expressed TA, HLA or both. The results showed that, in the majority of cases, HLA
      was not identified on trophoblast, but TA were. However, some cytotrophoblast
      within the amniochorionic mantle were non-reactive with anti-TA serum and were
      positive with monoclonal antibodies to HLA and beta 2M antigens. Since these
      structures were identified as cytotrophoblast by a battery of techniques, in this
      report they are tentatively designated as metatrophoblast. The role of these
      cells in the materno-trophoblastic relationship in normal human pregnancy has yet
      to be determined. This is not envisaged as a simple matter, for metatrophoblast
      can be recognized by anti-beta 2M and anti-HLA (W6/32), but not by anti-HLA
      (61D2), suggesting that their expression of class I histocompatibility complex
      (MHC) antigens may be incomplete, or that there may be a contribution of antigens
      from an extra-embryonic MHC.

PMID- 6378768
TI  - Identification of HLA-B27M1 and -M2 cross-reactive antigens in Klebsiella,
      Shigella and Yersinia.

PMID- 6378770
TI  - Relation of intra-splenic migration of marginal zone B cells to antigen
      localization on follicular dendritic cells.
AB  - Injection of heat-killed Escherichia coli into rats results in massive loss of
      IgM + ve, IgD - ve B cells from the marginal zones of their spleen within 4 hr.
      This is matched by a concomitant increase of cells with this phenotype in the
      splenic follicles. The marginal zone remains depleted and the follicles distended
      for about 16 hr, but the histological picture returns to normal within 24 hr.
      Surface marker analysis of blood and spleen B lymphocyte populations throughout
      the course of the migration suggest that there is intrasplenic migration of IgM +
      ve cells from marginal zone to follicles rather than via the circulation. Factors
      inhibiting localization of immune complex on follicular dendritic cells were
      assessed for their influence on marginal-zone B cell migration. Immune complex,
      injected 5 hr post-endotoxin administration localized poorly on follicular
      dendritic cells. While C3 depletion, by cobra venom, has no effect on marginal
      zone B cell migration induced by endotoxin, it completely inhibits transport of
      heat-aggregated human gammaglobulin to follicular dendritic cells.

PMID- 6378772
TI  - Production of hybrids of mouse myeloma cells and protozoa which express parasite
      antigens.
AB  - Mouse myeloma cells were fused with blood stage forms of the rodent malaria
      parasite Plasmodium chabaudi and with promastigotes of Leishmania donovani, the
      causative agent of kala-azar in man. The fusion was carried out by polyethylene
      glycol treatment. The parasites provided the enzyme which enabled the hybrids to
      grow in selective medium containing aminopterin. Clones of parasite-myeloma
      hybrids grown in continuous culture for up to 5 months expressed parasite antigen
      and induced anti-parasite antibodies in mice.

PMID- 6378771
TI  - Primary in vitro plaque-forming cell response to DAGG-Ficoll: LPS-induced
      enhancement mediated by interleukin-1.
AB  - The specific primary in vitro plaque-forming cell (PFC) response of C57B1/6 nu/nu
      spleen cells to the Type 2 T-independent (TI-2) antigen DAGG-Ficoll was analysed
      in the absence of T cell help in a serum-free medium. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
      enhancement of the antigen-specific response was shown to be mediated by soluble
      factors contained in the supernatants of LPS-induced bone marrow-derived
      macrophages. The activity of these supernatants was not associated with residual
      LPS, since the antigen-specific response of B cells from mice genetically
      deficient in LPS receptors was equally well enhanced. The activity of these
      supernatants was associated with interleukin-1 (IL-1) and partially purified IL-1
      prepared from P388D1 cells also enhanced the primary in vitro response to DAGG
      Ficoll. Limiting dilution analysis experiments showed that only in the presence
      of exogenously added IL-1 could a single cell type, presumably the B cells, be
      shown to be limiting.

PMID- 6378773
TI  - Use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect antibodies to staphylococcal
      protein A in the rabbit.
AB  - An ELISA technique is described which employs both solid phase and labelled free
      SpA. The technique allows the detection of anti-SpA antibodies in the rabbit. It
      is not suited for the same purpose with human sera, because human immunoglobulins
      are not saturated by non-specific interaction with solid phase SpA.

PMID- 6378774
TI  - Use of immunofluorescence technique to demonstrate complement activation in vitro
      by microbes.

PMID- 6378775
TI  - Biological and biochemical characteristics of vibriocins.

PMID- 6378776
TI  - Circulating antisomatic antibody response in Shiga dysentery & IgM & IgG
      activities after 2-mercaptoethanol treatment.

PMID- 6378777
TI  - Detection & monitoring of microfilarial ES antigen levels by inhibition ELISA
      during DEC therapy.

PMID- 6378778
TI  - Interrelationship of age of host, immunity & Plasmodium berghei infection.

PMID- 6378779
TI  - Antigenic analysis of soluble extract of Plasmodium berghei using sodium dodecyl
      sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 6378780
TI  - Cell mediated immunity in nutritional anaemia.

PMID- 6378781
TI  - Serum insulin & C-peptide responses in individuals with impaired glucose
      tolerance & diabetes.

PMID- 6378782
TI  - Acute renal failure in falciparum malaria--a case report.

PMID- 6378783
TI  - Enterotoxigenicity of different Escherichia coli serotypes from cases of
      infantile and childhood diarrhea.

PMID- 6378784
TI  - Current concepts in the mechanism of phototherapy.

PMID- 6378785
TI  - Protracted diarrhea in infancy.

PMID- 6378786
TI  - Typhoid immunisation.

PMID- 6378787
TI  - Cardiovascular and renal action of platelet-activating factor in anesthetized
      dogs.
AB  - Platelet-activating factor (PAF) has hypotensive effects similar to those of
      antihypertensive polar renomedullary lipid (APRL), a potent endogenous
      hypotensive lipid. In this study the cardiovascular and renal effects of PAF were
      characterized in anesthetized dogs. Intravenous infusion of PAF at 0.1
      micrograms/kg/min for 1 hour caused marked reduction in arterial blood pressure
      and cardiac output and was accompanied by minimal changes in heart rate.
      Concomitantly, renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, urine flow, and
      fractional excretion of Na+ and K+ fell significantly. Plasma renin activity was
      greatly stimulated (11.9 +/- 1.66 vs 3.26 +/- 0.45 ng/angiotensin I/ml/hr for the
      placebo group). There were no significant alterations in any of these parameters
      following PAF at a lower dose (0.03 micrograms/kg/min for 1 hour). In a separate
      study, PAF at 0.1 micrograms/kg/min for 20 minutes produced a decrease in left
      ventricular myocardial contractile force, concomitant with bradycardia and
      hypotension, which indicated the presence of a negative inotropic activity. It is
      concluded that systemic administration of PAF has a deleterious effect on kidney
      function due to arterial hypotension and diminished cardiac output.

PMID- 6378788
TI  - Pressor hyperresponsiveness in saline-infused rabbits.
AB  - Conscious rabbits infused intravenously (i.v.) with isotonic saline at 1.5 to 1.8
      ml/min for 24 hours had greater pressor responses to norepinephrine (NE) than did
      normal control rabbits. Infusion of the angiotension II (ANG II) antagonist
      [Sar1, Ile8] ANG II did not decrease the exaggerated pressor responses to NE in
      saline-infused rabbits. Measurements of cardiac output (CO) as well as the
      pressor responses to NE before and after saline infusion revealed that, although
      saline infusion increased the CO and decreased total peripheral resistance (TPR),
      CO did not change during NE infusion either before or after saline infusion, but
      NE produced significantly greater increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and
      TPR after saline infusion than before the saline infusion. The cross-circulation
      of blood at 10 ml/min for 5 minutes between saline-infused donor rabbits and
      normal recipient rabbits resulted in pressor hyperresponsiveness to NE in the
      normal recipients. Similar cross-circulation experiments between pairs of normal
      rabbits did not alter the pressor responses to NE. These studies provided direct
      evidence that expansion of body fluid volumes by saline infusion results in
      pressor and vascular hyperresponsiveness. There was no evidence to indicate that
      ANG II was involved in the mechanisms producing this pressor hyperresponsiveness.
      Some circulating hormonal factor, however, was involved in mediating the pressor
      hyperresponsiveness following saline infusion. The results of this study are
      compatible with the concept that natriuretic hormone may play a role in promoting
      pressor hyperresponsiveness in saline-expanded animals.

PMID- 6378789
TI  - Isoelectric focusing patterns of urinary kallikrein in Dahl salt-hypertension
      susceptible and resistant rats.
AB  - Dahl salt-sensitive (S) rats which are susceptible to hypertension have lower
      urinary kallikrein excretion than salt-resistant (R) rats which are not
      susceptible. Some physicochemical characteristics of partially purified urinary
      kallikrein were compared between the S and R strains. The isoelectric focusing
      pattern of S kallikrein was shifted so that a higher proportion of enzyme was
      present in isoelectric forms that had higher pI values compared to the pattern
      for R kallikrein. This strain difference was unique to urinary kallikrein; it was
      not seen in kallikrein extracted from salivary glands. The isoelectric focusing
      pattern for R urinary kallikrein could be converted to an S-type pattern by
      treatment with neuraminidase, which suggests that the differing isoelectric
      focusing patterns arose from differences in the sialic acid content of the
      kallikrein. The S kallikrein was slightly more heat-labile than R kallikrein,
      which was also compatible with the lower sialic acid content of the S enzyme.
      Tests involving the active site of the enzyme (Km values, pH curves, and heat of
      activation) were identical for the S and R strains. It was concluded that the
      structural differences observed in urinary kallikrein between S and R strains
      were compatible with strain-specific posttranslational processing of the enzyme.

PMID- 6378790
TI  - Sympathetic outflow to muscles during treatment of hypertension with metoprolol.
AB  - Microelectrode recordings of multiunit sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity were
      made in muscle branches of the peroneal nerve in patients with essential
      hypertension before and during long-term treatment with the cardioselective beta
      adrenergic receptor antagonist metoprolol. Nerve activity was quantified by
      counting the number of sympathetic bursts in the mean voltage neurogram.
      Metoprolol treatment lowered blood pressure and heart rate in all subjects.
      During long-term treatment, nerve activity was reduced both when compared to the
      level of activity after the first dose of the drug (p less than 0.01) and when
      compared to the control level before treatment (p less than 0.05). It is
      suggested that the reduction of sympathetic vasoconstrictor outflow to muscles
      contributed to the blood pressure reduction.

PMID- 6378791
TI  - Tissue and gene specificity of mouse renin expression.
AB  - The Ren-1 locus of mice encodes the protease renin, which with converting enzyme
      processes angiotensinogen to the potent vasopressor angiotensin II. Some strains
      of mice appear to carry a duplication of the renin structural gene (Ren-2) near
      the Ren-1 locus. Strains with the gene duplication can exhibit as much as 100
      fold higher levels of submaxillary gland renin compared to strains with a single
      gene copy. In contrast, kidney renin levels appear to be unaffected by the gene
      duplication. Sequence analysis of a 319 bp renin cDNA recombinant isolated from a
      kidney library from the two-gene strain DBA/2Ha corresponds to a transcript of
      the Ren-1 gene. Moreover, a single base substitution of A for G at residue #996
      in the kidney renin mRNA creates a potential glycosylation recognition site that
      may, in part, account for the differential glycosylation of kidney and
      submaxillary gland renins. In addition, our tissue surveys indicate that mature
      mRNAs from the Ren loci are detectable in adrenal gland and testes, as well as
      sublingual and parotid salivary glands, and reveal length variation for the renin
      transcripts in at least the submaxillary gland.

PMID- 6378792
TI  - Chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in response to surface-bound
      complement-derived chemoattractants generated in situ.
AB  - Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) were allowed to migrate on slides with fixed
      yeast particles dotted about on the surface. Locomotion was quantified by
      counting the number of yeast particles in association with a PMNL. Yeast
      particles that differed in their ability to consume hemolytic complement differed
      also in their ability to generate chemoattractants. Addition of a complement
      source to yeast particles able to activate the complement system resulted in a
      chemotactic response, as well as when fluid-phase attractants were removed prior
      to the measurement of PMNL chemotaxis, indicating that the chemoattractants
      generated were absorbed to the surface. Using an immunofluorescence technique, it
      was found that complement factor 5 coated a circular area around each yeast
      particle, provided that the particles were able to activate the complement
      system.

PMID- 6378793
TI  - [You have said health food...].

PMID- 6378794
TI  - Phenotypic distinctiveness of Staphylococcus aureus strains associated with toxic
      shock syndrome.
AB  - Twenty Staphylococcus aureus strains from patients with toxic shock syndrome
      (TSS) and 20 from control patients (non-TSS) with infection but no clinical
      evidence of TSS were compared phenotypically in a collaborative, blinded,
      randomized study. TSS strains were significantly (P less than 0.05) more likely
      than non-TSS strains to produce various previously described but related toxic
      shock-associated proteins (pyrogenic exotoxin C, enterotoxin F, and TSS marker
      protein), as well as differing in other distinctive phenotypic characteristics,
      such as hemolysis, bacteriocin susceptibility, arsenate resistance, pigment
      production, and casein proteolysis. TSS strains were significantly less likely to
      carry plasmids than control strains. A combination of two variables--proteolysis
      and toxic shock-associated protein production--statistically accounted for all
      other phenotypic variations between TSS and non-TSS strains. Only proteolysis
      covaried with all other significant variables, suggesting a primary role in the
      phenotypic distinctiveness of TSS S. aureus strains and possibly in the
      pathogenesis of TSS.

PMID- 6378795
TI  - Influence of fine structure of lipid A on Limulus amebocyte lysate clotting and
      toxic activities.
AB  - We examined the relationship between the fine structure of lipid A and the
      toxicity of endotoxin or lipopolysaccharides as measured by the Limulus amebocyte
      lysate (LAL), rabbit pyrogenicity, chicken embryo lethal dose, and dermal
      Shwartzman reaction tests. Lipid A and lipid A-like compounds obtained from deep
      rough mutants of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli had a wide range of
      structural variations. These compounds included native lipopolysaccharides,
      diphosphoryl and monophosphoryl lipid A's, and lipid X (a monosaccharide). The
      LAL test was positive for all lipids tested with lysates from Travenol
      Laboratories and from Associates of Cape Cod (2.9 X 10(3) to 2.6 X 10(7)
      endotoxin units per mg), except for O-deacylated and dephosphorylated lipid X,
      which were negative. The Mallinckrodt lysate gave negative tests for lipid X. In
      the rabbit pyrogenicity and chicken embryo lethal dose tests, only native
      lipopolysaccharide and diphosphoryl lipid A's were judged toxic. The Shwartzman
      reaction was positive for a specific purified diphosphoryl lipid A (thin-layer
      chromatography-3 fraction) but negative for the purified monophosphoryl lipid A
      (also a thin-layer chromatography-3 fraction). These results show that the LAL
      test is not a valid measure of all parameters of toxicity of a lipid A or lipid A
      like compound and can yield false-positive results. However, these findings are
      not in conflict with the widespread use of the LAL assay for pyrogens in the
      pharmaceutical industry since a good correlation exists between LAL results and
      pyrogenicity when undegraded endotoxin is evaluated in parallel assays.

PMID- 6378796
TI  - Group A streptococcal peptidoglycan-polysaccharide inhibits phagocytic activity
      of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - Injection of sterile aqueous preparations of the peptidoglycan-polysaccharide of
      group A streptococci (PG-APS) produces chronic inflammation in several animal
      models. Chronic bacterial infection may be involved in some aspects of the
      pathogenesis of inflammation associated with the accumulation of PG-APS.
      Accordingly, the effect of PG-APS on human neutrophil (polymorphonuclear
      leukocyte [PMN]) bactericidal activity was studied with the supposition that this
      interaction may contribute to the inflammation observed. Concentrations of PG-APS
      greater than 10 micrograms/ml inhibited the ability of PMNs to kill
      Staphylococcus aureus. This inhibition was not due to a cytotoxic effect of PG
      APS on PMNs, nor did PG-APS inhibit PMN metabolism required for the formation of
      microbicidal oxygen reduction products. PG-APS concentrations of 10 micrograms/ml
      or greater in the presence of 10% normal serum inhibited the attachment of
      bacteria to PMNs by 49% as compared with control cell populations. The
      concentrations of PG-APS required to inhibit uptake of Staphylococcus aureus were
      identical to those required for inhibition of PMN bactericidal activity. This
      inhibition did not occur in the presence of serum-free medium or medium with sera
      that had been heated to inactivate complement. These results show that PG-APS
      interacts with serum to inhibit PMN-mediated killing of S. aureus, most probably
      by interfering with bacterial uptake.

PMID- 6378798
TI  - Augmentation of protective and antibacterial activity induced by muramyl
      dipeptides in CBA/N defective mice with X-linked immunodeficiency for Salmonella
      enteritidis infection.
AB  - Stimulation of resistance induced by muramyl dipeptide (MDP) and its analog, N
      alpha-MDP-N epsilon-stearoyl-L-lysine [MDP-Lys(L18)], was examined in
      experimental salmonellosis in CBA/N defective mice with X-linked immunodeficiency
      to virulent Salmonella enteritidis no. 11. An injection of either MDP or MDP
      Lys(L18) did not induce any effective protection, but repeated injections of MDP
      Lys(L18) (100 micrograms per mouse per day for 3 days consecutively) to the mice
      before bacterial challenge gave some protection. Multiple injections with MDPs
      once a day for several days consecutively strongly increased bactericidal
      capacity in the peritoneal cavities and spleens of the mice. Moreover, previous
      injection of the MDPs could elevate the phagocytic function of the
      reticuloendothelial system in the defective mice. These results indicate that
      nonspecific resistance of CBA/N defective mice to salmonella infection can be
      improved by previous administrations of MDPs.

PMID- 6378797
TI  - Endogenous interferon production by endotoxin-responsive macrophages provides an
      autostimulatory differentiation signal.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated that peritoneal macrophages (resident or
      thioglycolate-induced) derived from mouse strains fully responsive to gram
      negative endotoxins continue to differentiate in vitro, as evidenced by an
      increased capacity to phagocytose via the Fc receptor with time in culture. In
      contrast, macrophages derived from endotoxin-hyporesponsive mouse strains (e.g.,
      C3H/HeJ or C57BL/10ScN) exhibit no such increase in phagocytic capacity, and, in
      fact, significantly lose the capacity to phagocytose particles opsonized with
      immunoglobulin G with time in culture. This defect was found to be fully
      correctable by the addition to the cultures of an exogenous source of alpha,
      beta, or gamma interferon. In this study, we compared C3H/HeN (endotoxin
      responsive) and C3H/HeJ (endotoxin-responsive) and C3H/HeJ (endotoxin
      hyporesponsive) macrophages in an attempt to elucidate the mechanism responsible
      for this difference in phagocytic (differentiative) potential. The following
      observations support the hypothesis that endotoxin-responsive macrophages, in
      contrast to endotoxin-hyporesponsive macrophages, produce significantly higher
      levels of an autostimulatory differentiation signal that appears to be macrophage
      derived interferon. (i) Anti-alpha/beta-interferon antibody greatly reduces the
      ability of C3H/HeN macrophages to phagocytose opsonized erythrocytes: (ii)
      C3H/HeJ macrophages can be made more phagocytic by coculture with C3H/HeN
      macrophages or by treatment with supernatants derived from C3H/HeN macrophage
      cultures; and (iii) C3H/HeN macrophages spontaneously lose Mac-1 antigen with
      time in culture. C3H/HeJ macrophages must be interferon-treated to be
      equivalently down-regulated.

PMID- 6378799
TI  - Longitudinal study on the in vitro immune response to Plasmodium falciparum in
      Sudan.
AB  - Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro by human immune serum provides
      needed information in understanding antimalarial immune mechanisms. Longitudinal,
      dry season-to-wet season changes in antimalarial activities were studied in sera
      isolated from 62 individuals living in an area of hyperendemic but unstable
      malaria. Highly synchronous cultures of P. falciparum were used to distinguish
      and quantitate two antimalarial activities, merozoite invasion inhibition, and
      intraerythrocytic parasite retardation. In 54% of the individuals,
      intraerythrocytic parasite retardation activity increased significantly, nearly
      threefold, in wet-season sera as compared with dry-season sera. Merozoite
      invasion inhibition activity was moderate and did not change seasonally.
      Merozoite invasion inhibition was, however, correlated to parasite-specific
      immunoglobulin G titers and total serum immunoglobulin G concentrations. These
      results confirm earlier studies which demonstrate two antimalarial activities in
      Sudanese sera and provide evidence that intraerythrocytic parasite retardation
      activity plays a role in antimalarial immunity.

PMID- 6378800
TI  - Preparation of procoligenoids from Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxins.
AB  - Heat-labile enterotoxins from Escherichia coli strains of porcine and human
      origin polymerize on heating to form high-molecular-weight aggregates,
      "procoligenoids," analogous to procholeragenoid derived from the cholera
      enterotoxin. This aggregation is accompanied by loss of biological activity
      (toxicity). Further heating results in the release of B-subunit oligomers,
      coligenoids, analogous to choleragenoid. Further studies are needed to determine
      whether, like procholeragenoid, the procoligenoids are superior antigens in
      stimulating gut immunity after parenteral administration.

PMID- 6378802
TI  - Detection of free endotoxin in cerebrospinal fluid by the Limulus lysate test.
AB  - We used a rabbit model of Escherichia coli meningitis to study the basis for
      positive Limulus lysate tests in infected cerebrospinal fluid. The results
      indicated that positive Limulus tests are due to endotoxins in cerebrospinal
      fluid and not to leukocyte proteases or other possible activators of the Limulus
      clotting system. The results also suggest that bacteria-free endotoxin may be
      present in localized gram-negative bacterial infections.

PMID- 6378801
TI  - Attachment of human and pig (K88) enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains to
      either human or porcine small intestinal cells.
AB  - Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains pathogenic for humans and
      enterotoxigenic E. coli strains pathogenic for pigs producing the K88 pili
      antigen both bound to isolated small intestinal cells from either humans or pigs.
      Neither the K99 enterotoxigenic E. coli (from lambs and calves) nor the rabbit
      pathogenic strain RDEC-1 bound to human or pig small intestinal cells under the
      same conditions.

PMID- 6378803
TI  - Expression of laminin in thyroid gland and thyroid tumors: an immunohistologic
      study.
AB  - Thirty-five thyroid tumors and four normal thyroids were immunohistochemically
      investigated for the presence of laminin, a major basement membrane component.
      The thyroid follicles in normal tissues and in nodular goiters were surrounded by
      a continuous rim of laminin positivity, as were also the papillae of papillary
      carcinomas. Follicular adenomas and well-differentiated follicular carcinomas
      also showed laminin positivity around most of the follicles. Anaplastic thyroid
      carcinoma lacking a distinct compartmentalization of tumor cells also lacked
      pericellular laminin. However, in contrast to all other thyroid tumors, an
      intense laminin positivity was found in scattered tumor cells of anaplastic
      carcinomas. Laminin positivity is thus a feature reflecting the differentiation
      level of thyroid tumors, but, unlike most other carcinomas, differentiated
      thyroid tumors have basal laminae surrounding the differentiated structural
      units.

PMID- 6378804
TI  - Intracoronary streptokinase in acute evolving myocardial infarction: you can, but
      should you?
AB  - Intracoronary streptokinase infusion is an exciting new technique, it is feasible
      and relatively safe, and it can restore antegrade coronary flow in 80% of the
      patients with an evolving myocardial infarction. Current data indicate that
      successful reperfusion apparently is associated with improved left ventricular
      function. The ultimate benefit, a significant decrease in mortality, has not yet
      been established. Furthermore many questions have not been answered: what is the
      optimal dosage of streptokinase? How should it be administered: systemic,
      intracoronary or super selective? Which thrombolytic agent should we use? How can
      we prevent reocclusion? What is the role of PTCA or acute surgery? A major
      shortcoming of this technique is the impact on equipment and personnel together
      with the rather low percentage (25%) of patients with evolving myocardial
      infarction, in whom this technique is applicable. Of course, although not within
      the scope of this article, this i.c. streptokinase treatment will have to be
      compared with other interventions which may reduce morbidity and mortality in
      patients with acute myocardial infarction. Thus, antegrade flow with i.c.
      streptokinase can be restored in patients with an evolving myocardial infarction.
      The main question is: should you do so? Until now, management of patients with an
      acute myocardial infarction has been conservative and is directed to treatment of
      pain, arrhythmias and heart failure. At the moment this approach can be
      considered respectable. For those who propose active management and believe in
      i.c. streptokinase treatment, until now, insufficient scientific data are
      available to back this up. For those who have doubts, but like to be active, the
      best is to put their patients in a well-conducted randomized trial. This will
      eventually resolve the question: you can, but should you? However, even if i.c.
      streptokinase is proven to be beneficial to the patient, this technique will not
      receive widespread application because of its great impact on limited health
      resources.

PMID- 6378805
TI  - Relationship between infarct size and incidence of severe ventricular arrhythmias
      in a double-blind trial with metoprolol in acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - In 585 patients having an acute myocardial infarction for the first time the
      relationship was investigated between estimated infarct size and the incidence of
      ventricular fibrillation and treated ventricular tachycardia during
      hospitalization. The size of the infarct was estimated from analyses of heat
      stable lactate dehydrogenase (LD) (EC 1.1.1.27.) in serum collected every 12 hr
      for 48-108 hr. All patients participated in a double-blind comparison of the beta
      1-selective blocker metoprolol with placebo in suspected acute myocardial
      infarction. A correlation was observed between the enzymatically estimated
      infarct size and the incidence of ventricular fibrillation and treated
      ventricular tachycardia in patients on placebo (P less than 0.001), while this
      could not be demonstrated in patients on the beta-blocker (P greater than 0.2).
      In placebo treated patients there was a correlation between the maximum heat
      stable LD activity and early ventricular fibrillation (P = 0.034), late
      ventricular fibrillation (P less than 0.001), primary ventricular fibrillation (P
      = 0.002) as well as secondary ventricular fibrillation (P = 0.034). It is
      concluded that there seems to be a relatively strong correlation between the
      final size of the infarction and the occurrence of severe ventricular
      arrhythmias. Treatment with beta-blockade appeared to disturb this correlation.

PMID- 6378806
TI  - Hormonal response to acute diuresis--a comparative study of furosemide and
      azosemide.
AB  - We observed and compared the hormonal response to acute diuresis for 6 hours by
      orally administered furosemide 40 mg and azosemide 60 mg in normal male
      volunteers. The treatment resulted in significant urine volume increase with its
      peak during 1 to 2 and 2 to 3 hours after administration, and the 6-hour
      cumulative urine volume was 2488 +/- 163 ml in furosemide and 2930 +/- 109 ml in
      azosemide, respectively. The plasma noradrenalin concentration rose with the
      increase of urinary noradrenalin excretion, but plasma adrenalin remained
      unchanged in spite of its increased excretion. Serum aldosterone and plasma renin
      activity rose with resultant increase of urinary aldosterone excretion. Such a
      stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system was greater with
      azosemide than with furosemide. Plasma ADH and serum prolactin concentration was
      also increased. As compared with the furosemide responses, 1 to 2 hour delayed
      responses were observed in urinary adrenalin and noradrenalin, plasma renin
      activity, serum and urinary aldosterone, plasma ADH and serum prolactin. This was
      probably caused by delayed onset of the diuretic action in the case of azosemide.
      The findings suggested that the differences in the hormonal responses of the two
      drugs are mainly explained by the difference in their diuretic phase.

PMID- 6378807
TI  - Comparison of three different methods of monitoring unwanted effects during
      antihypertensive therapy.
AB  - In a double-blind, randomized, crossover, multicenter study performed in 227
      hypertensive outpatients, two antihypertensive drugs, oxprenolol and
      chlorthalidone, were investigated to determine unwanted effects. Three main
      methodologic procedures were applied: the conventional evaluation of unwanted
      effects by the physician and involving the whole patient population, the
      checklist, and the free questionnaire. The latter two were assigned by
      randomization to the patients themselves. The study showed that unwanted effects
      seem to be frequently overreported when a checklist is used, whereas the free
      questionnaire gives more information about the symptoms of the disease than about
      the tolerance of the drug. The conventional method, when physicians are well
      informed and sensitized to the problem, seems to provide more reliable
      information about unwanted effects of a drug.

PMID- 6378808
TI  - Immunofluorescent studies of the rat adipocyte cell surface.
AB  - Antibodies against rat adipocyte plasma membranes have been shown to mimic
      insulin action in isolated adipocytes (Pillion & Czech, J. biol. Chem. Vol. 253,
      pp. 3761 - 3764, 1978). Immunofluorescent studies with antimembrane antibodies
      reveal capping on the adipocyte cell surface. Dose - response studies showed that
      the number of fat cells with obvious caps did not increase as the concentration
      of antimembrane antibodies was increased, whereas stimulation of glucose
      oxidation was proportional to the antibody concentration. At fairly high
      dilutions of antiserum there was no effect on rat adipocyte glucose oxidation,
      but caps were still visible, suggesting that there is not a direct correlation
      between capping and stimulation of adipocyte metabolism. At 15 degrees C, it was
      found that capping was not significantly impaired, while the basal rate of
      glucose oxidation was reduced considerably. Both insulin and antimembrane
      antibodies were still able to stimulate glucose oxidation at 15 degrees C,
      although the maximal rate of glucose oxidation which could be achieved at this
      temperature was considerably lower than that observed at 37 degrees C. Fat cells
      that were fixed with paraformaldehyde before being exposed to antimembrane
      antibodies showed a similar number of caps to unfixed cells, suggesting that some
      fat cells had a polarized distribution of membrane antigens even before exposure
      to antimembrane antibodies. These results demonstrate for the first time that
      antibodies against the rat adipocyte plasma membrane, which are known to mimic
      insulin action on rat fat cells, can associate with antigens arranged non
      randomly on the cell surface, but it appears unlikely that capping plays a
      critical role in the expression of this biological activity.

PMID- 6378809
TI  - Combined effects of chemotherapy and host antitumor response in a murine
      histocompatible lymphoma model.
AB  - Combined effects of 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) and host
      antitumor immune response were studied in mice inoculated intraperitoneally with
      histocompatible LSTRA leukemia cells carrying virus-induced transplantation
      antigens. Marked chemo-immune collaborative activity was found to occur when
      selected schedules of BCNU administration were employed. Moreover, synergist
      effects were also detected between chemotherapy and both specific and non
      specific immunotherapy.

PMID- 6378810
TI  - Effects of a 24-h CHO-poor diet on metabolic and hormonal responses during
      prolonged CHO-loaded leg exercise.
AB  - This study examined the effects of a pre-experimental period of arm exercise
      followed by a 24-h carbohydrate (CHO)-poor intake, intended to reduce initial
      hepatic glycogen levels, on substrate and endocrine responses during prolonged
      CHO-loaded leg exercise. Seven subjects pedaled a cycle ergometer for 60 min at
      62% VO2 max in the two following conditions: 1) after leg CHO loading followed by
      a 60-min arm exercise and a 24-h CHO-poor diet (CHOL + P), and 2) after leg CHO
      loading only (CHOL). Greater blood concentrations of fatty acids (1.2 vs 0.9 mEq
      X L-1), glycerol (0.41 vs 0.20 mmol X L-1), norepinephrine (2.09 vs 1.14 ng X ml
      1), and epinephrine (0.38 vs 0.19 ng X ml-1) were observed in the CHOL + P as
      compared to the CHOL condition at min 60 of exercise. Insulin concentration was
      significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in the CHOL + P condition at rest and
      during exercise. There were no significant differences during exercise between
      the two conditions in blood glucose, lactate, glucagon, and cortisol
      concentrations. It is concluded that changes in blood glucose concentration do
      not solely account for metabolic and hormonal adaptations during prolonged leg
      exercise and that a pre-experimental period of arm exercise and CHO-poor diet, in
      spite of an increase in leg muscle glycogen, may provide a stimulus for such
      adaptations. It is suggested that the liver glycogen content may be involved in
      the regulatory mechanism.

PMID- 6378811
TI  - Immunoglobulin E. Basic and clinical aspects.

PMID- 6378812
TI  - Quantitative culture of Pityrosporon orbiculare.
AB  - The author describes for the first time a method to culture Pityrosporon
      orbiculare quantitatively. Different nonionic detergents were studied for their
      in vitro effect to minimize aggregation of P. orbiculare. Triton X-100 0.1% had
      only a slight inhibitory effect when the organism was held less than 2 hours. A
      critical point in quantitative culturing of P. orbiculare seems to be the medium.
      With this medium, solitary colonies and optimal growth are achieved. No
      statistically significant differences were found in quantitative cultures from
      lesions and normal skin in patients with tinea versicolor, but this was observed
      when quantitative cultures from lesions and normal skin in patients with tinea
      versicolor were compared with healthy controls.

PMID- 6378813
TI  - Jean Louis Alibert. The father of French dermatology.

PMID- 6378814
TI  - Overview of analysis of carcinogenic and/or mutagenic metals in biological and
      environmental samples. I. Arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium and selenium.
AB  - One of the most dangerous and pernicious forms of pollution arises from the
      potential mobilization of a spectrum of toxic trace metals and metalloids in our
      environment. Among the most important elements in this regard are arsenic,
      beryllium, cadmium, chromium and selenium whose adverse toxic effects are now
      well recognized including their carcinogenicity and/or mutagenicity. These agents
      (and their derivatives) can be widely dispersed throughout the environment as a
      result of fossil fuel combustion, industrial and agricultural processes and
      natural processes. The trend for the immediate future appears to be of greater
      exposure to these metals not only as a result of generally increased usage
      patterns but also because of prospective enhanced use of fossil fuels for space
      heating and electricity generation. In order to more readily evaluate trends of
      human exposure as well as the toxicity, bioavailability, bioaccumulation and
      transport of these elements, sensitive analytical procedures are required for the
      determination of their various oxidation states (as well as their organic
      derivatives) in complex matrices such as those found in both environmental and
      biological samples. Hence, the principal objective of this overview is to
      highlight the more recent trends and state-of-the-art methodologies for the
      determination of arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium and selenium (in their
      various forms) in environmental compartments such as air, water, soil and in
      human tissues (primarily blood, urine, and milk). Techniques to be discussed
      primarily include atomic absorption spectrometry, neutron activation analysis,
      gas chromatography, differential pulse polarography and electrochemical analysis.
      The importance of quality control and differentiation according to speciation
      will also be stressed.

PMID- 6378815
TI  - Effects of physical training on insulin, connecting peptide (C-peptide), gastric
      inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) levels in obese
      subjects.
AB  - Ten severely obese women were subjected to physical training for three months on
      ad libitum diet. Under metabolic ward conditions oral glucose tolerance test was
      performed before and after the training period with the same energy intake
      quantitatively and qualitatively, and glucose, insulin, connecting (C)-peptide,
      gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were
      determined. In confirmation of previous work, physical training caused no
      decrease in body fat in these severely obese subjects, and no change in body cell
      mass or glucose tolerance, while insulin and blood pressure decreased. The
      control of dietary conditions demonstrated that the latter phenomena were not due
      to quantitative or qualitative changes in the diet. C-peptide concentrations
      decreased also, indicating effects of physical training in obesity on insulin
      production. GIP is believed to be a gastrointestinal factor facilitating insulin
      secretion (Incretin). Previous work has indicated that gastrointestinal factor(s)
      are involved in the insulin lowering effect seen after physical training. It is
      possible that GIP is contributing to this phenomenon.

PMID- 6378816
TI  - Adipose tissue lipoprotein-lipase activity in obesity.
AB  - The activity of lipoprotein-lipase in heparin-eluates of adipose tissue (AT-LPLA)
      of three body regions was measured in 22 obese and 18 nonobese females under
      basal conditions. AT-LPLA in the obese women both before and after 10 d of
      caloric restriction was also measured. Basal LPLA correlated well with plasma
      insulin values and reduced significantly after caloric restriction. Relative body
      weight, body fat, fasting and glucose-stimulated insulin levels, triglycerides,
      total cholesterol, but not high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, significantly
      decreased after caloric restriction. Variation of insulin levels after caloric
      restriction was the best explanatory variable correlating with AT-LPLA
      variations. These results are consistent with a primary role of insulin in
      regulating AT-LPLA.

PMID- 6378817
TI  - Influence of diet composition on obesity, hyperlipemia and liver steatosis in
      Zucker fa/fa rats pair-fed with Zucker Fa/- rats.
AB  - The effect of a four-week experiment on ten fa/fa Zucker rats (aged seven weeks
      at the beginning) fed on a lipid-rich diet (HL: 31 per cent w/w lipids, 45.6 per
      cent starch) was compared to that of a control diet (C: 10 per cent lipids, 66
      per cent starch) on control Fa/- rats using a special pair-feeding apparatus that
      made it possible to obtain an identical intake rhythm. Energy level of the intake
      was significantly higher for the HL diet than for the C diet. At the end of the
      experiment, fa/fa rats remained obese and hyperlipemic, and still showed liver
      steatosis. With equal energy levels ingested, the obesity of fa/fa rats was
      comparable for both diets; hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia were
      identical for both diets. When compared to the C diet, the HL diet modified
      neither their obesity nor their hyperlipemia. Obese rat liver on the HL diet
      showed lower levels for triacylglycerols, cholesterol, GGT, ALT, LDH and aldolase
      activities, while hepatic glycerol kinase and AST activities were higher than and
      comparable to, respectively, the C diet. Thus the HL diet led to a decreased
      liver steatosis for fa/fa rats as compared to the C diet.

PMID- 6378818
TI  - The effects of exercise and food restriction on obesity and diabetes in young
      ob/ob mice.
AB  - Hormone levels and body composition were examined in six-week-old C57BL/6J ob/ob
      mice following 25 d of limited caloric intake, voluntary exercise, or combined
      treatment. Pair-feeding obese mice to the daily intakes of lean mice reduced body
      weight gain, skeletal growth and lean body mass. Although weight gain was the
      same in the two phenotypes, ob/ob mice had fourfold higher rates of fat
      deposition. When exercise was combined with pair-feeding, skeletal and lean body
      growth were reduced even further and weight gain was now less than ad libitum-fed
      lean controls. Carcass fat accretion, however, continued to be two to three times
      greater. No single treatment reversed the hyperglycemia or elevated hormone
      production of obese mice, although slightly lower values of glucose, insulin,
      glucagon and corticosterone were associated with pair-feeding. When diet was
      combined with exercise, fasting glycemia and glucagonemia were reduced to equal
      the values of lean mice but insulin and corticosterone levels remained elevated.
      The present results show that dieted and exercised ob/ob mice continue to exhibit
      very high rates of fat deposition even though skeletal and lean growth are
      severely limited. Since fat accretion is maintained under these conditions, it
      appears that obese mice are not just storing excess calories as fat, but are
      actively regulating body fat content to levels about 30 percent higher than lean
      mice.

PMID- 6378819
TI  - The menopause. By Helene Deutsch.

PMID- 6378820
TI  - The understanding and management of acute pain in adults: the nursing
      contribution.

PMID- 6378821
TI  - The influence of soft tissue on interdental bone height after flap curettage. II.
      Histological findings after six months.

PMID- 6378822
TI  - The castable ceramic crown.

PMID- 6378823
TI  - The influence of soft tissue on interdental bone height after flap curettage. I.
      Study involving six patients.

PMID- 6378824
TI  - Treatment of leukaemia in children.

PMID- 6378825
TI  - Biographical sketches No. 41--Crohn.

PMID- 6378826
TI  - The Accademia Segreta of Girolamo Ruscelli. A sixteenth-century Italian
      scientific society.

PMID- 6378827
TI  - Walter Pagel, 14 November 1898-1 April 1983.

PMID- 6378828
TI  - Computerized angioscintigraphy and ultrasound imaging in the management of renal
      transplants.
AB  - The effectiveness of Computerized Renal Angioscintigraphy with 99m-Tc-DTPA and
      Ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of complications after kidney transplant
      was evaluated. 13 patients were studied; 6 with a normal graft, 2 with acute
      tubular necrosis and 5 with an acute rejection episode. Technectium scan and
      ultrasound diagnosis were in good agreement with clinical assessment resulting in
      1.00 and 0.92 sensitivity respectively. The most valuable features of
      radionuclide and ultrasound techniques are: noninvasiveness, simplicity, rapidity
      and reproducibility. The selection of a course of treatment could be usefully
      helped or supported by data obtained from scintigraphy and ultrasound.

PMID- 6378829
TI  - Ureterocystoneostomy in urinary tuberculosis: a personal technique.
AB  - A personal surgical technique in the treatment of the tuberculous stenosis of the
      juxtavesical and intramural ureter, is described. 62 patients suffering from
      tuberculosis of the urinary tract underwent surgical treatment. 42 of these cases
      presented with ureteral stenosis: 14 were submitted to ureterocystoneostomy
      (UCNS) according to a personal technique. The results confirmed the initial
      hypotheses.

PMID- 6378830
TI  - [Dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring with linear deposits of IgA (linear IgA
      dermatosis)].
AB  - Three patients with linear deposits of IgA along the epidermal basement membrane
      were studied. The clinical and histopathological picture as well as the response
      to dapsone were typical of dermatitis herpetiformis. Two of the three patients
      were HLA-B8/DR3-positive. By immunoelectron microscopy, the previously reported
      two types of linear IgA deposits were confirmed: in one patient, the IgA
      precipitates were localized below the basal lamina as in dermatitis
      herpetiformis, in the other two above the basal lamina in the lamina lucida as in
      bullous pemphigoid. The immunoelectron microscopic findings imply that in some
      patients with linear IgA dermatosis a pathomechanism different from that in
      classical dermatitis herpetiformis may be operative.

PMID- 6378831
TI  - [Bullous pemphigoid in childhood].
AB  - Bullous pemphigoid is a rather rare disease in childhood. A case report is given
      about a seven-year-old girl suffering from juvenile bullous pemphigoid and the
      differential diagnosis is discussed with regard to the other bullous diseases in
      children. Some clues were noted in the case history of our patient concerning an
      effective treatment using erythromycin in bullous pemphigoid. A short summary is
      presented about the theoretical basis with respect to this therapeutical
      procedure.

PMID- 6378832
TI  - The demand for hospital outpatient services.
AB  - In an investigation of the role played by hospital outpatient services in medical
      care delivery, objectives were to identify the factors which influence the demand
      for these services; and to determine the relationship between outpatient service
      volume and the availability and price of alternative sources of care,
      particularly office-based physicians and hospital inpatient services. Data were
      from a merged national data set containing population, socioeconomic, health
      services, manpower supply, and cost information. Two methods were used to examine
      demand for hospital outpatient services. The first replicated the earlier work by
      Davis and Russell using more recent (1978 versus 1969) and more geographically
      defined (Health Service Area versus state) data. The second extended this work,
      using the improved availability of data to estimate demand equations,
      distinguishing between emergency room and other outpatient visits. The results
      confirmed and extended the findings of earlier efforts. The level of hospital
      outpatient services appears related both to the availability and the price of
      other sources of care, as well as to insurance coverage and other factors. These
      findings have implications for reform of hospital outpatient reimbursement, for
      cost containment under Medicaid, and in related areas.

PMID- 6378833
TI  - Comparison between five Nordic laboratories on scoring of human lymphocyte
      chromosome aberrations.

PMID- 6378834
TI  - The current controversies in surgical management of early breast cancer.

PMID- 6378835
TI  - Fermentation--processes and products.

PMID- 6378836
TI  - Fermentation: process and products. 2. Pseudomonads.

PMID- 6378837
TI  - Literature review--RVF (and ancillary equipments).

PMID- 6378838
TI  - Influences on the food habits of some ethnic minorities in the United Kingdom.
AB  - The current research findings of the authors, together with those recently
      published by other workers in related fields, are reviewed. The groups discussed
      have been selected, either because detailed studies have been made on them, or
      because their food habits are sufficiently different from the majority of the
      population to attract attention, or create problems for them in areas like school
      meals, hospital catering and other non-domestic feeding situations. Many case
      studies on minority ethnic groups have been concerned with the social, structural
      and economic patterns of these communities. Knowing how these patterns have
      influenced the ethnic identity in some cases, it is thought that we can
      extrapolate from the strength of the social cohesion of a group to the possible
      strength of the group's traditional food habits. The emphasis of this review is
      on the strength of traditional food habits in a different cultural environment,
      and the factors which contribute to this strength. It is felt that all those
      involved in providing meals in institutions where ethnic minorities are likely to
      be present, should have a fundamental understanding of the rationale behind a
      minority's acceptance or non-acceptance of particular foods. It is also thought
      that this kind of knowledge should be made available to teachers, social workers,
      health visitors, dietitians and general medical practitioners, enabling these
      professionals to understand better the mores which govern the food and nutrition
      of ethnic minority groups in the UK.

PMID- 6378839
TI  - Future applications of the microcomputer in dietetics.
AB  - The microcomputer has potential in both clinical and educational aspects of
      dietetics. Computer-assisted learning (CAL) applications may be of value to
      students, to newly qualified staff and to patients needing to understand the
      background of their disorders. The most widely developed use of the computer at
      present is in dietary analysis, but other areas of CAL may be fruitful,
      particularly tutorial and simulation programs. An appreciable amount of work has
      been carried out exploring the patient-computer interface, and dietitians may
      wish to make greater use of patient interview and counselling systems in the
      future. The microcomputer could have value in setting up data files for recording
      patient and nutritional information. In addition, there are opportunities for
      increasing the use of computers in the general administration of a dietetics
      department. The microcomputer is therefore capable of having a marked effect on
      the future work of the dietitian, with a variety of avenues showing potential for
      further investigation.

PMID- 6378840
TI  - Diabetes and macrovascular disease: epidemiology, nutritional and environmental
      factors.
AB  - Since Himsworth's pioneer studies relating diabetes mortality to low
      carbohydrate/high fat dietary intakes, various attempts have been made to
      identify associations between nutritional factors and the frequency of diabetes
      and its macrovascular complications. Positive associations are reported between
      excess energy consumption, obesity, dietary fat intake, and urban factors in
      relation to prevalence of diabetes. A negative association is seen in some
      studies between (complex) carbohydrate intake and mortality from diabetes. No
      single causation has been established and until further studies are conducted,
      intervention for all the conventional non-diabetic cardiovascular risk factors is
      recommended as well as continued emphasis on the control of blood glucose levels.

PMID- 6378841
TI  - Diabetes and macrovascular disease: risk factors for atherogenesis and non
      invasive investigation of arterial disease.
AB  - This paper reviews the risk factors that may contribute to atherosclerotic
      vascular disease in diabetics. Many of the risk factors have been identified on
      the basis of cross-sectional clinical studies or from mortality data, and as a
      result various aetiological hypotheses about the mechanism of atherogenesis have
      been formed. Because of the importance of identifying changes in the arterial
      wall well in advance of the clinical events that lead to morbidity or mortality,
      emphasis is given also to the various techniques of non-invasive assessment of
      vascular disease that can be applied to diabetic as well as non-diabetic
      patients. One particular form of non-invasive investigation of arterial function,
      namely the Doppler pulse rate velocity and wave-form analysis, is comparatively
      simple. We present some preliminary data to suggest that this technique may be
      useful in the evaluation of pre-symptomatic stages of atherosclerosis in
      diabetes.

PMID- 6378842
TI  - [Our concept of the formation and closure of a tracheostoma].
AB  - Better functional and cosmetic results are achieved after the closure of an
      epithelialized tracheostomy if a method suited to the closure technique is
      selected when the stoma is first created. We choose a horizontal skin incision
      which also allows an incision running along the tension lines of the neck to be
      used when closing the tracheostomy. The flap from the anterior tracheal wall
      reported by Bjork is of functional value and for closure of the stoma also. When
      the skin has been previously damaged, we suggest covering the defect in patients
      with tracheal fistulae by a bridge flap from the neck skin, avoiding the use of
      distant flaps which are cosmetically less favourable.

PMID- 6378843
TI  - Human visual development over the first 6 months of life. A review and a
      hypothesis.
AB  - The behavioural changes that occur in visual development in the first 6 months of
      human life are discussed in relation to the possible underlying changes in
      neurophysiological mechanisms, with inter-species comparisons being made when
      appropriate. Recent data on the developing infant's changing capacity to
      discriminate various stimulus attributes is considered. It appears that
      orientation discrimination and cortically related visual evoked potentials are
      present at, or soon after, birth. However, data on colour discrimination, field
      differences in detection tasks and control of visual attention suggest a
      subcortical site for control of behaviour for the first month of life. The
      improvements in spatial and temporal resolution depend on maturation of both
      peripheral and central structures in the visual pathway and so do not provide a
      clear distinction between cortical and subcortical function. There is clear
      evidence that binocular function in the cortex does not emerge until three months
      postnatally. A hypothesis is proposed that maturation of a number of pathways
      between cortex and subcortical structures underlies the observed behavioural
      changes starting at around 2 months of age. The initial immaturity of connections
      between cortex and pretectum may give rise to asymmetrical monocular OKN.
      Maturation of pathways from cortex to colliculus could account for improvements
      in convergence, allowing development of cortical binocularity, and for the
      developing ability to control shifts of visual attention.

PMID- 6378844
TI  - Thought-stopping: a coping strategy for impending feared events.

PMID- 6378845
TI  - In vitro radiation studies on Ewing's sarcoma cell lines and human bone marrow:
      application to the clinical use of total body irradiation (TBI).
AB  - Patients with Ewing's sarcoma who present with a central axis or proximal
      extremity primary and/or with metastatic disease have a poor prognosis despite
      aggressive combination chemotherapy and local irradiation. In this high risk
      group of patients, total body irradiation (TBI) has been proposed as a systemic
      adjuvant. To aid in the design of a clinical TBI protocol, we have studied the in
      vitro radiation response of two established cell lines of Ewing's sarcoma and
      human bone marrow CFUc. The Ewing's lines showed a larger Do (1.26 Gy, 2.04 Gy)
      and n (6.0, 3.2) compared to the bone marrow CFUc (Do = 0.86 Gy, n = 1.2). No
      repair of potentially lethal radiation damage (PLDR) was found after 4.5 Gy in
      plateau phase Ewing's sarcoma cells. A theoretical split dose survival curve for
      both the Ewing's sarcoma lines and human bone marrow CFUc using this TBI schedule
      shows a significantly lower surviving fraction (10(-4)-10(-5] for the bone marrow
      CFUc. Based on these in vitro results, two 4.0 Gy fractions separated by 24 hours
      is proposed as the TBI regimen. Because of the potentially irreversible damage to
      bone marrow, autologous bone marrow transplantation following the TBI is felt to
      be necessary. The details of this clinical protocol in high risk Ewing's sarcoma
      patients are outlined.

PMID- 6378846
TI  - Effect of split dose TBI on hematopoietic stem-cell survival in combined
      radiation-drug exposures.
AB  - Studies were carried out to determine if a priming dose of total body irradiation
      (TBI) given before the first drug exposure in chemo-radiation protocols similar
      to those used in marrow transplantation would reduce the survival of
      hematopoietic stem cells. The cytotoxic drugs employed were cyclophosphamide (CY)
      and piperazinedione (PIP), both of which are currently used in the clinic for
      ablation of the host marrow prior to transplantation therapy for leukemia. The
      effects were evaluated in a normal and a leukemic mouse model using the
      endogenous colony-former technique. Splitting the TBI to give part of the total
      dose before the first dose of drug was found to enhance stem cell kill in some
      instances, but not in others. The optimum proportion of TBI given as the first
      dose did not appear to exceed 100 rads. When a higher proportion of the total TBI
      was given as the initial dose there was an indication of a protective effect on
      the stem cells with the PIP-TBI protocols, but similar protection was not
      observed with the CY-TBI protocols. When CY and PIP were combined together in the
      same protocol it was found that a simple inversion of the order of these two
      drugs could result in a six-fold difference in the extent of stem cell ablation
      achieved, indicating that with multiple drug protocols the drug sequencing itself
      could be equally important as the manner in which the radiation is given.

PMID- 6378847
TI  - The latent period in clinical radiation myelopathy.
AB  - Seventy-seven papers containing data on more than 300 cases of radiation
      myelopathy have been analyzed. The data suggest that the latent periods are
      similar in the cervical and thoracic levels of the spinal cord and are bimodally
      distributed. Myelopathy of lumbar cord apparently has a shorter latent period. As
      in controlled animal experiments, the latent period decreases with increasing
      dose. Furthermore, the variation in latent periods also decreases with dose. It
      is also seen that retreated patients and pediatric or adolescent patients have
      greatly reduced latent periods. The implications of these findings as they
      compare with the animal data are discussed.

PMID- 6378848
TI  - The role of DNA repair processes in the response of human tumors to fractionated
      radiotherapy.
AB  - The relationship of inherent radiosensitivity, sublethal and potentially lethal
      damage repair to radiation therapy is not yet fully explained. I will examine how
      these various repair processes might be relevant to radiotherapy, based on
      laboratory investigation of human tumor cells in vitro. Although radiocurability
      is a complex function, recovery processes manifested in the post-radiation period
      may be a determinant of radiocurability.

PMID- 6378849
TI  - Radiobiology in radiotherapy: a personal history.

PMID- 6378850
TI  - Cataracts after total body irradiation and marrow transplantation: a sparing
      effect of dose fractionation.
AB  - We examined 277 patients, who have been followed for 1 to 12 years after marrow
      transplantation, for cataract development. In preparation for transplantation, 96
      patients with aplastic anemia were conditioned with chemotherapy only, usually
      cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg X 4 intravenously, while 181 patients (two with
      aplastic anemia and 179 with a hematologic malignancy) were conditioned with a
      regimen of total body irradiation (TBI) and chemotherapy. TBI was delivered from
      two opposing 60Co sources at an exposure rate of 4 to 8 cGy/min, either as a
      single dose of 10 Gy (105 patients) or in fractions (76 patients), usually at
      increments of 2 to 2.25 Gy/day for 6 to 7 days for cumulative doses of 12 to
      15.75 Gy. To date, 86 patients have developed cataracts. Kaplan-Meier product
      limit estimates of the incidence of cataracts for patients given chemotherapy
      only and no TBI, single-dose TBI, and fractionated TBI are 19, 80, and 18%,
      respectively. On the basis of proportional hazards regression analyses, patients
      given single-dose TBI had a relative risk of developing cataracts that was 4.7
      fold higher than in patients given fractionated TBI or chemotherapy only (p less
      than 0.00005), suggesting a significant sparing effect with use of TBI dose
      fractionation. Addition significant risk factors included the chronic use of
      steroids posttransplant (highly associated with the presence of chronic graft
      versus-host disease), and the diagnoses of acute lymphoblastic or chronic
      myelogenous leukemia.

PMID- 6378852
TI  - The use of local allograft irradiation following renal transplantation.
AB  - Over a 10 year period, 67 recipients of 71 renal allografts received graft
      irradiation following the diagnosis of rejection. The majority of kidneys were
      treated with a total dose of 600 rad, 150 rad per fraction, in 4 daily fractions.
      Fifty-three kidneys were irradiated following the failure of standard systemic
      immunosuppression and maximally tolerated antirejection measures (pulse high dose
      steroids, Actinomycin, ATG) to reverse an episode of acute rejection. Seven of
      these patients (13%) had greater than a 50% improvement in serum creatinine (Cr)
      1 week following completion of the irradiation. Twenty-two (42%) of these
      allografts were noted to have stable (i.e. no deterioration) or improved function
      1 month following the treatment with irradiation. Eleven (21%) of these
      allografts maintained function 1 year following transplantation. There were 10
      patients whose allografts were irradiated because of renal dysfunction in a
      clinical setting which did not permit the administration of further
      immunosuppression, i.e., infection or hematologic dyscrasias. Three of these
      patients (30%) had greater than a 50% improvement in serum Cr 1 week following
      completion of the irradiation. Nine (90%) of these allografts had stable or
      improved function 1 month following the treatment with irradiation. Biopsies were
      obtained of 41 allografts. Of the 24 renal allografts with predominantly cellular
      rejection, 10 (42%) had the process reversed or stabilized at 1 month following
      irradiation. Five (21%) of these allografts were functioning at 1 year following
      irradiation. Rejection was reversed or stabilized in 6 of 17 (35%) allografts at
      1 month when the histologic features of renal biopsy suggested predominantly
      vascular rejection. One (6%) of these allografts was functioning at 1 year
      following transplantation. Local graft irradiation has helped maintain a limited
      number of allografts in patients whose rejection has failed to respond to
      systemic immunosuppression. Irradiation may also benefit patients with ongoing
      rejection in whom further systemic immunosuppression is contra-indicated.

PMID- 6378851
TI  - Evaluation of short-course preoperative irradiation in the treatment of
      resectable bronchus carcinoma: long-term analysis of a randomized pilot-study.
AB  - A randomized pilot-study on patients with resectable non small-cell lung
      carcinoma was conducted from December 1971 to May 1976 inclusive. Patients were
      randomly assigned to receive preoperative irradiation to the mediastinum followed
      by surgery (RT + S), or to be treated by surgery only (SO). A total of 33
      patients clinically staged as T1-2, N0, M0 histologically confirmed bronchus
      carcinoma were entered onto the study. Sixteen patients were assigned to RT + S
      and 17 patients received SO. There were 3 operative mortalities, all of them in
      the SO group. A total of 28 patients, 14 in each group are evaluable, with a
      minimum period of observation of 7 years. Preoperative irradiation consisted of a
      Telecobalt photon-beam applied to the mediastinum as anterior and posterior
      portals. The thoracic spine was protected on the posterior portal by a narrow
      lead block. A total dose of 20 Gy calculated in the mid plane was given in 5
      equal fractions each of 4 Gy administered on 5 consecutive days: Monday through
      Friday; patients were operated on the following Monday after the week-end.
      Surgical treatment was similar for both groups and consisted of lobectomy or
      pneumonectomy, depending on the size and site of the primary tumor. Analysis of
      the survival data showed an absolute crude 5 years survival rate of 58% for
      patients who received RT + S versus 43% for SO. The corrected actuarial 5 and 10
      years survival rates are 78 and 69% for the group that received RT + S, and 67
      and 55% for the group treated by SO, respectively. Nineteen patients were treated
      more than 10 years ago. Four of 8 (50%) treated by RT + S are alive with no
      evidence of disease (NED), and 3/11 (28%) treated by SO are alive with NED. The
      median survival period for the group that received RT + S is 72 months versus 30
      months for the group treated by SO. Analysis of the adequacy of surgical
      resection based on histological examination of the operative specimen showed
      higher incidence of radical resection in the group that received RT + S (57
      versus 28.5%). It is concluded that the treatment protocol of preoperative
      radiation therapy as outlined is well tolerated and the results are encouraging.

PMID- 6378853
TI  - Freud, physics, and literature.

PMID- 6378854
TI  - Transitional process and creativity in the life and art of Edvard Munch.

PMID- 6378855
TI  - Use of insulin in small animal medicine.

PMID- 6378856
TI  - Acute necrotizing vasculitis and thrombocytopenia in a horse.

PMID- 6378857
TI  - Surgical removal of intramural masses of the uterus in two cows.

PMID- 6378859
TI  - Mechanism of action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated Leydig cell
      steroidogenesis. I. The stimulatory effect is calcium dependent and not mediated
      by cyclic nucleotides.
AB  - The present study was designed to elucidate mechanisms responsible for
      gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated testosterone formation. Purified
      Leydig cells from adult Sprague-Dawley rats were incubated with varying
      concentrations of GnRH agonist (des-Gly10, (D-Ala6) GnRH N-ethylamide), hCG, 8
      bromo cAMP or pregnenolone; testosterone, cAMP, cyclic GMP (cGMP) and cAMP
      dependent protein kinase activity were measured after various time periods. Basal
      testosterone levels were 2.54 +/- 0.13 ng/10(5) cells, increasing to 3.18 +/-
      0.14, 4.32 +/- 0.08, and 4.63 +/- 0.12 ng within 1 hour after the addition of 10(
      9), 10(-8), and 10(-7) M GnRH agonist, respectively. After a 3-hour incubation a
      10(-7) M dose of GnRH agonist increased testosterone production four-fold above
      control. GnRH agonist potentiated hCG-stimulated testosterone formation, but had
      no significant effects on cGMP levels and cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity.
      Cyclic AMP levels in the incubation medium increased slightly. GnRH agonist also
      enhanced 8-bromo-cAMP and pregnenolone-induced testosterone formation.
      Furthermore, GnRH agonist increased testosterone formation both in the absence
      and presence of phosphodiesterase inhibitor. These results suggest that the major
      effect of GnRH agonist is probably beyond the cAMP step. When purified Leydig
      cells were incubated in a calcium-free medium, the stimulatory effects of GnRH
      agonist on testosterone formation were completely abolished, but could be
      restored by the addition of calcium to the incubation medium. GnRH agonist
      induced testosterone formation was also blocked by the addition of nifedipine (a
      calcium channel blocking agent, 0.1 to 10 micrograms/ml). Finally, GnRH
      antagonist in a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml completely inhibited GnRH
      agonist-stimulated testosterone formation. IN CONCLUSION: GnRH agonist stimulated
      Leydig cell testosterone formation in short-term incubations. The stimulatory
      effect is calcium dependent and not mediated by cyclic nucleotides.

PMID- 6378858
TI  - Morphometric analysis of the cellular composition of the ovine corpus luteum.
AB  - An electron microscopical, morphometric study has been made of the cellular and
      non-cellular composition of the ovine corpus luteum fixed by perfusion, together
      with an estimate of total cell numbers in the corpus luteum based on measurement
      of cell and tissue DNA content. Normal cyclical corpora lutea from six ewes were
      studied by each method. Total cell numbers per corpus luteum were estimated at
      258 X 10(6) by morphometry and 238 X 10(6) by DNA measurement. The existence of
      four structurally distinct major cell populations in ovine luteal tissue was
      confirmed. Percentages of the total cell number were as follows: large luteal
      cells - 4.2%; small luteal cells - 18.5%; fibrocytes - 16.8%; endothelial cells
      and pericytes - 52.6%. The remaining 7.9% comprised other miscellaneous cell
      types. Of the four major cell types, cell volume (X 10(3) micron 3 +/- standard
      error of the mean) was greatest for large luteal cells (13.08 +/- 2.10) and least
      for endothelial cells and pericytes (0.52 +/- 0.05), with small luteal cells
      (2.08 +/- 0.19) and fibrocytes (1.61 +/- 0.27) intermediate in size. Large luteal
      cells occupied 25.4% of luteal volume density, small luteal cells 17.5%,
      fibrocytes 11.2% and endothelial cells and pericytes 12.7%. Other cell types
      occupied 5.4%, with the remaining volume occupied by vascular lumina (10.8%) and
      intercellular space (17.1%). The data on cell volume support morphological
      findings suggesting that large and small luteal cells of the ovine corpus luteum
      are distinct populations rather than the upper and lower limits of a single
      population whose sizes are normally distributed. Of these two types of luteal
      cell, small luteal cells outnumbered large luteal cells by more than 4:1, while
      the individual large luteal cells were more than six times the mean volume of the
      small luteal cells. These facts need to be considered when assessing the relative
      contributions of the two types of luteal cell to overall luteal steroidogenic
      function.

PMID- 6378861
TI  - Production of the cephalosporate C-2 by a Streptomyces lactamdurans mutant
      defective in cephamycin C biosynthesis.

PMID- 6378860
TI  - Mechanism of action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated Leydig cell
      steroidogenesis. II. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulates phospholipid
      labeling.
AB  - To investigate mechanisms responsible for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
      stimulated Leydig cell steroidogenesis, the effects of GnRH agonist [des-Gly10,
      (D-Ala6) GnRH] on phospholipid turnover were studied. GnRH agonist in
      concentrations of 10(-9) to 10(-7)M increased phosphatidic acid labeling 292 +/-
      16% (mean +/- SE), and phosphatidylinositol labeling 258 +/- 13.2%. GnRH agonist
      stimulated phospholipid labeling was detectable as early as 2 minutes. GnRH
      antagonist completely blocked GnRH agonist-induced testosterone formation and
      phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinosital labeling. Nifedipine in concentrations
      of 1 and 10 micrograms/ml inhibited GnRH agonist-stimulated testosterone
      formation but had no effect on 32P incorporation into phospholipids. Our results
      suggest that GnRH agonist-stimulated Leydig cell steroidogenesis is calcium
      dependent and correlated with increased phospholipid turnover.

PMID- 6378862
TI  - Production of acetyl-L-leucyl-L-argininal, inhibitor of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase
      III by bacteria.

PMID- 6378863
TI  - Role of insulin and glucose on metabolite uptake by the hind half of beef steers.
AB  - Arterial and venous concentrations, extraction ratios and uptake of glucose, L
      lactate and volatile fatty acids were measured in the hind half of four beef
      steers (340 to 360 kg) fitted with indwelling catheters in the posterior aorta
      and vena cava. The steers were fed hourly a pelleted, 85% concentrate diet.
      Treatments were control, iv infusion of insulin (1.4 IU/min) and iv infusion of
      glucose (149.4 mmol/h). Arterial blood concentration of glucose decreased from
      3.23 mM (control) to 1.51 mM (insulin), then increased to 4.29 mM (glucose).
      Extraction ratio of glucose increased about threefold from 2.6 and of L-lactate
      decreased about fourfold from 9.2 during insulin infusion, then returned toward
      control values during glucose infusion. Extraction ratios of acetate (39),
      propionate (45) and butyrate (28) were similar among treatments. Uptake (two
      steers) of glucose from blood (mmol/h) increased from 38 (control) to 76
      (insulin) and 99 (glucose). Uptake of acetate, propionate and butyrate from
      plasma (mmol/h) was, respectively, 105, 6.5, .93 (control); 170, 11.9, 3.53
      (insulin) and 134, 10.9, 3.12 (glucose). Rates of uptake of glucose and
      propionate during control were slower (P less than .05) than rates during insulin
      or glucose infusion; nonsignificant changes in uptake of butyrate followed a
      similar pattern. Uptake of L-lactate tended to be inversely related to uptake of
      glucose. Treatments did not affect uptake of acetate or valerate. Uptake of all
      metabolites except valerate was positive, indicating net use by the hind half.

PMID- 6378864
TI  - Ionophores: their effect on production efficiency and mode of action.
AB  - Carboxylic polyether ionophores, when fed to growing ruminants improve efficiency
      of production. This review summarizes the observed effects of ionophores on the
      ruminal fermentation and the host animal. The effect of ionophores on prokaryotic
      and eukaryotic cells is described and this knowledge is then utilized to explain
      many of the observed ionophore effects on the rumen fermentations and host
      gastrointestinal physiology.

PMID- 6378865
TI  - Influence of monensin on the performance of cattle.
AB  - Performance data on nearly 16,000 head of cattle that were used in trials to
      document effects of monensin on feedlot cattle were summarized. Cattle fed
      monensin-containing diets gained 1.6% faster, consumed 6.4% less feed and
      required 7.5% less feed/100 kg gain than cattle fed control diets. Monensin
      resulted in the greatest improvement in feed/gain at 2.9 Mcal metabolizable
      energy (ME)/kg diet dry matter (DM). Within the range of monensin concentrations
      used in the trials that were summarized (31.8 +/- 7.5 mg/kg DM), high monensin
      concentrations did not improve feed/gain over that obtained with lower
      concentrations. Carcass characteristics were not significantly influenced by
      monensin. Responses of cattle to monensin and implants were additive. Energy
      metabolism data suggested that monensin improved digestibility of DM, reduced
      fasting heat production and increased dietary net energy maintenance (NEm) values
      more than it increased net energy gain (NEg) values. Data showing the response of
      cattle to monensin when fed various dietary protein concentrations or sources of
      supplemental N suggested that monensin had a protein sparing effect. Monensin has
      also been shown to reduce lactic acid production, aid in the control of coccidia
      and bloat and to be toxic to face and horn fly larva in feces of monensin-fed
      cattle. In pasture trials, monensin improved daily gains. When fed to beef cows,
      monensin reduced amounts of feed required to maintain cow weight.

PMID- 6378866
TI  - Monensin toxicity in cattle.
AB  - Monensin has been tested to determine its toxicity and safety in cattle. Single
      dose acute toxicity and signs associated with toxicity were determined by oral
      gavage, 7-d oral gavage and feeding experiments with high concentrations of
      monensin in feed. Oral feeding studies indicated a near complete anorexia
      resulting from intake of sublethal amounts of monensin. In these cases, cattle
      recovered from the insulting dose and resumed growth and feed intake. In long
      term chronic feedlot, pasture supplement, and reproduction safety studies
      conducted with monensin administered in the feed, the high concentrations caused
      cattle to show signs of mild monensin intoxication. Mortality resulted from
      feeding groups of cattle large quantities of monensin in small quantities of
      feed. Furthermore, these studies have demonstrated no detrimental effects upon
      reproduction. Collectively, these studies indicate that the greatest risk of
      intoxication occurs when cattle first receive a feed containing monensin. Mixing
      errors and misuse situations under actual use conditions have resulted in cases
      of cattle mortality. In most cases the mortality was predictable based upon the
      exposure in controlled studies.

PMID- 6378867
TI  - Monensin mode of action in the rumen.
AB  - The ionophore monensin is used as a model to examine the modes of action
      important in manipulating rumen function. Several system modes of action probably
      result from the basic mode of action of the ionophore modifying the movement of
      ions across the membranes of rumen microbes. While there are many biological
      responses reported in the literature for monensin, they can be consolidated into
      seven categories or system modes of action. The modification of volatile fatty
      acid production is one widely recognized category of great importance. Modified
      feed intake should also be considered to be important. The third system mode of
      action, change in gas production, probably contributes only a limited savings in
      energy. Modified digestibilities are probably quite variable as a mode of action,
      but may be a significant factor. The change in protein utilization appears to
      result from several factors that are occurring simultaneously. Modification of
      rumen fill and rate of passage may be important in causing some of the previously
      mentioned system modes of action to occur. A seventh category inclusive of
      several monensin responses that are more indirect to the rumen, or sporadic in
      nature, is included. Increased animal production from the use of monensin appears
      to occur as a result of these several system modes of action, which probably act
      in concert. It is impossible to accurately assess a quantitative contribution of
      each of these categories at the present time.

PMID- 6378868
TI  - Biochemical studies on the fate of monensin in animals and in the environment.
AB  - Extensive studies have been conducted with monensin in target animals and
      laboratory animals to determine monensin concentrations in tissues, route of
      elimination, metabolism and pharmacokinetics of monensin. These studies indicate
      that monensin administered orally is absorbed, extensively metabolized, excreted
      in the bile and eliminated in the feces by the several species examined. Monensin
      did not accumulate in the tissues of orally dosed animals. When fed to cattle and
      chickens according to recommended practices, monensin was not detected (less than
      .05 ppm) in edible tissues. Environmental studies indicate that monensin is
      biodegradable in manure and soil.

PMID- 6378869
TI  - The importance of Campylobacter jejuni to the meat industry: a review.
AB  - Campylobacter jejuni is a microorganism that only recently has been implicated in
      gastroenteritis in humans. As appropriate methods used for detection of the
      bacterium have been developed, the rates of illness caused by the pathogen were
      found to approach or surpass those attributed to Salmonella. Substantial evidence
      has been gathered to document that the route for human infection is through the
      ingestion of adulterated food and drink. Some slaughter animals harbor this
      potential pathogen among the intestinal flora and, consequently, transfer of the
      organism to carcasses and to the resulting meat products does occur. The most
      frequently implicated meat is poultry, with an incidence of recovery of C. jejuni
      from the store-bought poultry meat reported to be at least 50%. Red meat from
      slaughter animals have also yielded this bacterium from carcasses, but at lower
      incidence levels. Foodborne disease has been associated most frequently with the
      ingestion of raw milk, but poultry, hamburger, and other foods have all been
      implicated as potential sources. However, cause and effect relating the presence
      of C. jejuni in meat and human gastroenteritis has not been demonstrated.
      Additional research is needed to determine whether C. jejuni isolated from meat
      causes gastroenteritis and whether all strains of the organism are virulent.
      Recognition of C. jejuni as a potential meatborne pathogen by the meat industry
      is necessary, and appropriate sanitary practices to prevent passage of the
      organism through meat products should be implemented.

PMID- 6378871
TI  - Ability of indomethacin to alter prostaglandin metabolite concentrations and to
      enhance the function of corpora lutea induced in postpartum suckled beef cows.
AB  - Fourteen anovulatory postpartum (38.0 +/- 1.9 d) beef cows that ovulated after an
      injection of 250 micrograms gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) in saline were
      used to examine the influence of indomethacin on luteal function. Beginning the d
      after GnRH, 6 cows were given intrauterine infusions of indomethacin for 14 d and
      the other eight cows received vehicle. After GnRH treatment, concentrations of
      progesterone in serum were elevated longer (P less than .01) for indometacin
      treated cows than for vehicle-treated cows. At the same time prostaglandin
      metabolite (PGFM) concentrations were lower (P less than .01) in indomethacin
      treated cows than in vehicle-treated cows. In summary, indomethacin suppressed
      PGFM concentrations and enhanced function of corpora lutea induced in postpartum
      suckled beef cows.

PMID- 6378870
TI  - Yield and composition of milk and weight gain of nursing pigs from sows fed diets
      containing fructose or dextrose.
AB  - Yield and composition of milk and growth of nursing pigs in response to dietary
      treatment were estimated from 25 lactating sows during a 22-d period. Eight sows
      were fed 6 kg/d of a corn-soybean control diet (C sows). Nine were fed the
      control diet in which approximately 6.5 g X kg body weight (BW-1) X d-1 of
      carbohydrate was supplied by fructose corn syrup (F sows) and eight were fed the
      control diet containing equivalent carbohydrate supplied by powdered dextrose (D
      sows). Blood samples collected via jugular cannulae were analyzed for plasma
      concentrations of fructose, glucose and insulin. Concentrations of fructose and
      glucose from F sows were significantly higher throughout the study than that from
      D and C sows, while insulin concentration was approximately 2.5-fold lower. Milk
      yield from F sows on d 14 and 21 was significantly higher and pigs weaned on d 21
      were heavier than those from D and C sows. Sows fed the diet containing fructose
      experienced significant BW loss during lactation. Coefficients of gross
      correlation across treatments showed milk yield and litter weight gain to be
      negatively associated with percentages of protein, lipids and total solids in
      milk, but positively associated with concentrations of lactose and gross energy.
      Nursing pig weight gain at weaning was more responsive to total yields of milk
      and milk nutrients than to composition. These data support the hypothesis that
      source of metabolizable energy (ME) affects milk yield, composition and
      efficiency at which the sow converts dietary nutrients into milk.

PMID- 6378872
TI  - A new selective and differential agar medium for Escherichia coli and coliform
      organisms.
AB  - An enriched lauryl sulphate-aniline blue agar medium which is selective for
      Escherichia coli and coliform organisms is described. From faecal samples, the
      medium gave higher counts of colonies producing acid from lactose than media
      containing bile salts. From contaminated water and food samples, the medium gave
      comparable or higher counts of colonies identified as E. coli than standard
      media. Colonies of E. coli were more readily differentiated from those of other
      coliform organisms.

PMID- 6378873
TI  - A method for the enumeration of male-specific bacteriophages in sewage.
AB  - Male-specific bacteriophages adsorb to F-pili and thus can only infect male host
      strains. A method was developed for the selective enumeration of these phages,
      based on the observation that in sewage there are few phages capable of infecting
      F- -salmonellas--usually less than 10 pfu/ml. Using a male Salmonella strain,
      constructed by the introduction of the plasmid F'42 lac::Tn5 into Salmonella
      typhimurium phage type 3, plaque counts in secondary effluent were found to be in
      the range of 60-8200 pfu/ml. Practically all the phages detected had a host range
      restricted to male Salmonella or Escherichia coli strains, were resistant to
      chloroform and their infectivity was inhibited by RNase. Electron microscopy of
      lysates revealed phage particles that were morphologically identical to the male
      specific single-strand RNA phages. Similar results were obtained with a strain of
      Salm. indiana carrying F'42 lac. A derivative of the Salm. typhimurium LT2 strain
      carrying an F-plasmid (F'42 lac fin P301) derepressed for fertility inhibition by
      the resident plasmid pSLT was equally sensitive to male-specific phages, but from
      sewage samples many other phages infecting F- E. coli but not F- Salmonella were
      isolated using this host strain.

PMID- 6378875
TI  - Annotated bibliography of endoscopy.

PMID- 6378874
TI  - Comparison of semiautomated method with official optical somatic cell counting
      method III for determining somatic cells in milk.
AB  - The new method specifying the Fossomatic-90 differs from the official method,
      46.105-46.109, in that the modified instrument includes a halogen lamp; a
      semiconductor photoelectric detector; a less expensive, bench-top cabinet; manual
      injection of a larger sample, and a reduced capacity. The new instrument was
      compared with 2 optical somatic cell counters in routine use. On each of 3 days,
      12 subsamples were prepared for each of 5 cell count levels from AM milk with
      half kept fresh and half preserved with 0.05% potassium dichromate. Subsamples
      were refrigerated and read 30+ h post-collection. Duplicate sets were read in
      random order on each machine daily (CV 0.77%). Two sets of slides read by 2
      technicians each (strip reticle on 2 smears/slide) gave geometric mean direct
      microscopic somatic cell count (DMSCC) levels of 296, 526, 772, 930, and 1438
      th/mL. Within-technician CV values (from day-level means) ranged from 1.68 to
      2.28%. Geometric mean cells in th/mL on the new machine were significantly higher
      than those on the other two (674 vs 621) and were closer to the DMSCC (694). On
      the new machine, cell counts were 8.5% greater than on the original machines,
      were only 2.9% lower than the DMSCC, and showed no significant evidence of bias.
      Preserved samples averaged slightly greater than fresh (5.3%) but only on the
      original machines. Carryover by covariance analysis was insignificant. Except for
      cell levels, high machine precision (error CV value of 1.18%) gave differences
      with statistical but not practical significance, even for regulatory
      laboratories.

PMID- 6378876
TI  - Chemotherapeutic regime in falciparum malaria.

PMID- 6378877
TI  - Cimetidine in duodenal ulcer: results of a short term double blind study.

PMID- 6378878
TI  - Diabetic heart disease.

PMID- 6378879
TI  - Insulin produced in India.

PMID- 6378880
TI  - On diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6378881
TI  - Incompatibility of linear DNA killer plasmids pGKL1 and pGKL2 from Kluyveromyces
      lactis with mitochondrial DNA from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Two linear killer plasmids (pGKL1 and pGKL2) from Kluyveromyces lactis stably
      replicated and expressed the killer phenotype in a neutral petite mutant [(
      rho0]) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, when cytoplasmic components were
      introduced by cytoduction from a wild-type [( rho+]) strain of S. cerevisiae, the
      linear plasmids became unstable and were frequently lost from the cytoductant
      cells during mitosis, giving rise to nonkiller clones. The phenomenon was
      ascribed to the incompatibility with the introduced S. cerevisiae mitochondrial
      DNA (mtDNA), because the plasmid stability was restored by [rho0] mutations in
      the cytoductant cells. Incompatibility with mtDNA was also apparent for the
      transmission of plasmids into diploid progeny in crosses between killer cells
      carrying the pGKL plasmids and [rho+] nonkiller cells lacking the plasmids. High
      frequency transmission of the plasmids was observed in crosses lacking mtDNA [(
      rho0] by [rho0] crosses) and in crosses involving mutated mtDNA with large
      deletions of various regions of mitochondrial genome. In contrast, mutated mtDNA
      from various mit- mutations also exerted the incompatibility effect on the
      transmission of plasmids. Double-stranded RNA killer plasmids were stably
      maintained and transmitted in the presence of wild-type mtDNA and stably
      coexisted with pGKL killer plasmids in [rho0] cells of S. cerevisiae.

PMID- 6378882
TI  - Purification and properties of membrane-bound hydrogenase from Azotobacter
      vinelandii.
AB  - Uptake hydrogenase (EC 1.12) from Azotobacter vinelandii has been purified 250
      fold from membrane preparations. Purification involved selective solubilization
      of the enzyme from the membranes, followed by successive chromatography on DEAE
      cellulose, Sephadex G-100, and hydroxylapatite. Freshly isolated hydrogenase
      showed a specific activity of 110 mumol of H2 uptake (min X mg of protein)-1. The
      purified hydrogenase still contained two minor contaminants that ran near the
      front on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. The enzyme appears to be a
      monomer of molecular weight near 60,000 +/- 3,000. The pI of the protein is 5.8
      +/- 0.2. With methylene blue or ferricyanide as the electron acceptor (dyes such
      as methyl or benzyl viologen with negative midpoint potentials did not function),
      the enzyme had pH optima at pH 9.0 or 6.0, respectively, It has a temperature
      optimum at 65 to 70 degrees C, and the measured half-life for irreversible
      inactivation at 22 degrees C by 20% O2 was 20 min. The enzyme oxidizes H2 in the
      presence of an electron acceptor and also catalyzes the evolution of H2 from
      reduced methyl viologen; at the optimal pH of 3.5, 3.4 mumol of H2 was evolved
      (min X mg of protein)-1. The uptake hydrogenase catalyzes a slow deuterium-water
      exchange in the absence of an electron acceptor, and the highest rate was
      observed at pH 6.0. The Km values varied widely for different electron acceptors,
      whereas the Km for H2 remained virtually constant near 1 to 2 microM, independent
      of the electron acceptors.

PMID- 6378883
TI  - Host range mutants of bacteriophage Ox2 can use two different outer membrane
      proteins of Escherichia coli K-12 as receptors.
AB  - The Escherichia coli K-12 outer membrane protein OmpA functions as the receptor
      for bacteriophage Ox2. We isolated a host range mutant of this phage which was
      able to grow on an Ox2-resistant ompA mutant producing an altered OmpA protein.
      From this mutant, Ox2h5, a second-step host range mutant was recovered which
      formed turbid plaques on a strain completely lacking the OmpA protein. From one
      of these mutants, Ox2h10, a third-step host range mutant, Ox2h12, was isolated
      which formed clear plaques on a strain missing the OmpA protein. Ox2h10 and
      Ox2h12 apparently were able to use both outer membrane proteins OmpA and OmpC as
      receptors. Whereas there two proteins are very different with respect to primary
      structures and functions, the OmpC protein is very closely related to another
      outer membrane protein, OmpF, which was not recognized by Ox2h10 or Ox2h12. An
      examination of the OmpC amino acid sequence, in the regions where it differs from
      that of OmpF, revealed that one region shares considerable homology with a region
      of the OmpA protein which most likely is required for phage Ox2 receptor
      activity.

PMID- 6378884
TI  - Hydrogen evolution by strictly aerobic hydrogen bacteria under anaerobic
      conditions.
AB  - When strains and mutants of the strictly aerobic hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium
      Alcaligenes eutrophus are grown heterotrophically on gluconate or fructose and
      are subsequently exposed to anaerobic conditions in the presence of the organic
      substrates, molecular hydrogen is evolved. Hydrogen evolution started immediately
      after the suspension was flushed with nitrogen, reached maximum rates of 70 to
      100 mumol of H2 per h per g of protein, and continued with slowly decreasing
      rates for at least 18 h. The addition of oxygen to an H2-evolving culture, as
      well as the addition of nitrate to cells (which had formed the dissimilatory
      nitrate reductase system during the preceding growth), caused immediate cessation
      of hydrogen evolution. Formate is not the source of H2 evolution. The rates of H2
      evolution with formate as the substrate were lower than those with gluconate. The
      formate hydrogenlyase system was not detectable in intact cells or crude cell
      extracts. Rather the cytoplasmic, NAD-reducing hydrogenase is involved by
      catalyzing the release of excessive reducing equivalents under anaerobic
      conditions in the absence of suitable electron acceptors. This conclusion is
      based on the following experimental results. H2 is formed only by cells which had
      synthesized the hydrogenases during growth. Mutants lacking the membrane-bound
      hydrogenase were still able to evolve H2. Mutants lacking the NAD-reducing or
      both hydrogenases were unable to evolve H2.

PMID- 6378886
TI  - Positive control of expression of the argECBH gene cluster in vitro by guanosine
      5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate.
AB  - By using a cell-free system derived from Escherichia coli, it was found that
      guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppGpp) was a positive effector for
      expression of both wings of bidirectionally transcribed argECBH gene cluster. A 7
      to 20-fold increase in the synthesis of both argininosuccinase (the argH enzyme)
      and N-acetylornithinase (the argE enzyme) resulted with added ppGpp (0.2 mM
      optimum). Synthesis of hybridizable argECBH mRNA was enhanced only 30 to 100% by
      added ppGpp. Of the various guanosine nucleotides tested, only pppGpp mimicked
      ppGpp. Added ppGpp had no important effect upon (i) measurable argE or argH
      enzyme activity, (ii) total protein synthesis in the cell-free system, or (iii)
      the rate of decay of hybridizable argECBH mRNA. With extracts of an argR+ strain,
      added ppGpp had no effect on the repression of enzyme or mRNA synthesis by L
      arginine. By using a two-stage system in which the bulk of argECBH mRNA was
      synthesized while protein synthesis was delayed, we showed that ppGpp acted at
      some point during transcription.

PMID- 6378885
TI  - Regulation and coupling of argECBH mRNA and enzyme synthesis in cell extracts of
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Cell extracts from Escherichia coli were used to study both transcription and
      coupled translation of the argECBH gene cluster. Argininosuccinase (the argH
      enzyme) and N-acetylornithinase (the argE enzyme) were synthesized for 90 to 120
      min, and hybridizable argECBH mRNA was synthesized for 60 min after the addition
      of a lambda or phi 80 dargECBH DNA template. L-Arginine (2.5 mM) repressed
      synthesis by argR+ extracts of argECBH mRNA 2-, to 3-fold, argE enzyme 5- to 8
      fold, and argH enzyme 20- to 60-fold. Repression was specific for L-arginine, and
      argR extracts were insensitive to added L-arginine. The argECBH mRNA made under
      conditions of restricted protein synthesis had reduced ability to function in the
      formation of the argE and argH enzymes and was found to be predominantly 6 to 8S
      in sucrose density gradients. When protein synthesis was allowed, the mRNA formed
      was functional, and large amounts of 14 to 23S argECBH mRNA appeared on sucrose
      gradients. An S-100 supernatant freed of ribosomes was capable of producing
      hybridizable arg mRNA, but significant functional message was only produced when
      ribosomes were present. When purified RNA polymerase was used, the formation of
      short 6 to 8S argECBH mRNA was dependent upon added rho protein. The data suggest
      that rho-dependent sites in the argECBH operon allow early termination of mRNA
      synthesis when transcription is not coupled to active enzyme synthesis.

PMID- 6378887
TI  - Cytochrome o as a terminal oxidase and receptor for aerotaxis in Salmonella
      typhimurium.
AB  - Cytochrome o was the only oxidase of the electron transport system that was
      present in exponentially growing Salmonella typhimurium ST1. Identification of
      cytochrome o was made by the (CO-reduced)-minus-(reduced) difference spectra and
      by the photochemical action spectrum of the relief, by light, of CO-inhibited
      respiration. Cytochrome o also functioned as the receptor for chemotaxis to
      oxygen (aerotaxis). The concentration of oxygen that elicits the maximum response
      for aerotaxis (0.7 microM) was similar to the Km for respiration (0.74 microM),
      and both aerotaxis and respiration were blocked 5 mM KCN.

PMID- 6378888
TI  - Mutation causing reverse osmoregulation of synthesis of OmpF, a major outer
      membrane protein of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Supplementation of growth media with high concentrations of substances like
      sucrose results in the induction of OmpC synthesis and the suppression of OmpF
      synthesis. We isolated a novel mutant in which OmpF synthesis is in the opposite
      direction from normal osmoregulation. By transductional mapping, the mutation was
      localized at 75 min between malA and aroB on the Escherichia coli chromosome map
      where the ompR-envZ region is. The mutation was suppressed by a plasmid carrying
      the ompR gene but not by a plasmid carrying the envZ gene alone. The mutation
      also resulted in the almost complete suppression of OmpC synthesis. However, the
      remaining OmpC synthesis was osmoregulated normally. Based on these observations,
      the mechanism of osmoregulation of OmpF-OmpC synthesis is discussed.

PMID- 6378889
TI  - New Salmonella typhimurium mutants with altered outer membrane permeability.
AB  - We describe three new classes of Salmonella typhimurium mutants with increased
      sensitivity to hydrophobic agents. In contrast to many previously described
      mutants, the phage sensitivity pattern of these mutants did not give any
      indication of defective lipopolysaccharide. Furthermore, they had no detectable
      changes in their phospholipid or outer membrane protein composition, and their
      growth rate and cell morphology were normal. Class B mutants were nearly as
      sensitive to novobiocin, fusidic acid, erythromycin, rifampin, and clindamycin as
      are deep rough (heptoseless) mutants; in addition they were sensitive to
      methicillin, penicillin (to which heptoseless mutants are resistant), gentian
      violet, and anionic and cationic detergents. Class A and C mutants had less
      sensitive, but characteristic phenotypes. None of the three classes were
      sensitive to serum bactericidal action. The class B mutation mapped between map
      positions 7 and 11 on the S. typhimurium chromosome, and the class C mutation
      mapped between positions 5 and 7. The map position for the class A mutation
      remained undefined, but it was separate from the class B and C mutations and,
      like those, did not correspond to any gene loci known to participate in the
      synthesis of major outer membrane constituents.

PMID- 6378890
TI  - Constitutive activation of L-fucose genes by an unlinked mutation in Escherichia
      coli.
AB  - Wild-type Escherichia coli cannot grow on L-1,2-propanediol; mutants that can do
      so have increased basal activity of an NAD-linked L-1,2-propanediol
      oxidoreductase. This enzyme belongs to the L-fucose system and functions normally
      as L-lactaldehyde reductase during fermentation of the methylpentose. In wild
      type cells, the activity of this enzyme is fully induced only anaerobically.
      Continued aerobic selection for mutants with an improved growth rate on L-1,2
      propanediol inevitably leads to full constitutive expression of the
      oxidoreductase activity. When this occurs, L-fuculose 1-phosphate aldolase
      concomitantly becomes constitutive, whereas L-fucose permease, L-fucose
      isomerase, and L-fuculose kinase become noninducible. It is shown in this study
      that the noninducibility of the three proteins can be changed by two different
      kinds of suppressor mutations: one mapping external to and the other within the
      fuc gene cluster. Both mutations result in constitutive synthesis of the
      permease, the isomerase, and the kinase, without affecting synthesis of the
      oxidoreductase and the aldolase. Since expression of the fuc structural genes is
      activated by a protein specified by the regulator gene fucR, and since all the
      known genes of the fuc system are clustered at minute 60.2 of the chromosome, the
      external gene in which the suppressor mutation can occur probably has an
      unrelated function in the wild-type strain. The internal suppressor mutation
      might be either in fucR or in the promoter region of the genes encoding the
      permease, the isomerase, and the kinase, if these genes belong to the same
      operon.

PMID- 6378892
TI  - Evidence that incorporation of exogenous fatty acids into the phospholipids of
      Escherichia coli does not require acyl carrier protein.
AB  - Cells of an Escherichia coli acpS mutant were prepared with decreased
      intracellular concentrations (to 10% of the normal level) of the holo form of
      acyl carrier protein. These cells incorporated exogenous oleic acid into
      phospholipid at a normal rate.

PMID- 6378891
TI  - Directed evolution of a second xylitol catabolic pathway in Klebsiella
      pneumoniae.
AB  - Klebsiella pneumoniae PRL-R3 has inducible catabolic pathways for the degradation
      of ribitol and D-arabitol but cannot utilize xylitol as a growth substrate. A
      mutation in the rbtB regulatory gene of the ribitol operon permits the
      constitutive synthesis of the ribitol catabolic enzymes and allows growth on
      xylitol. The evolved xylitol catabolic pathway consists of an induced D-arabitol
      permease system that also transports xylitol, a constitutively synthesized
      ribitol dehydrogenase that oxidizes xylitol at the C-2 position to produce D
      xylulose, and an induced D-xylulokinase from either the D-arabitol or D-xylose
      catabolic pathway. To investigate the potential of K. pneumoniae to evolve a
      different xylitol catabolic pathway, strains were constructed which were unable
      to synthesize ribitol dehydrogenase or either type of D-xylulokinase but
      constitutively synthesized the D-arabitol permease system. These strains had an
      inducible L-xylulokinase; therefore, the evolution of an enzyme which oxidized
      xylitol at the C-4 position to L-xylulose would establish a new xylitol catabolic
      pathway. Four independent xylitol-utilizing mutants were isolated, each of which
      had evolved a xylitol-4-dehydrogenase activity. The four dehydrogenases appeared
      to be identical because they comigrated during nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. This novel xylitol dehydrogenase was constitutively synthesized,
      whereas L-xylulokinase remained inducible. Transductional analysis showed that
      the evolved dehydrogenase was not an altered ribitol or D-arabitol dehydrogenase
      and that the evolved dehydrogenase structural gene was not linked to the pentitol
      gene cluster. This evolved dehydrogenase had the highest activity with xylitol as
      a substrate, a Km for xylitol of 1.4 M, and a molecular weight of 43,000.

PMID- 6378893
TI  - In vitro polymerization of flagellin excreted by a short-flagellum Salmonella
      typhimurium mutant.
AB  - The culture medium of a short-flagellum mutant of Salmonella typhimurium
      contained a large amount of mutant flagellin and a small amount of strong
      inhibitors of flagellin polymerization. After being freed of the inhibitors, the
      mutant flagellin could be polymerized in vitro, although under nonphysiological
      conditions.

PMID- 6378894
TI  - Flocculation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae tup1 mutants.
AB  - Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae carrying a mutation in the TUP1 locus
      exhibited calcium-dependent flocculation. The flocculation had none of the
      characteristics of sexual agglutination. The flocculation differed from that
      exhibited by a FLO1 strain in the effect of pH on cation dependence and
      sensitivity to chemical inactivation.

PMID- 6378895
TI  - A comparison of clomipramine and doxepin in neurotic depression.
AB  - Results of a double-blind 4-week trial in depressed outpatients given
      clomipramine (N = 30) or doxepin (N = 36) are reported. Both groups showed
      significant improvement in physician-rated measures after 1 week of treatment;
      comparison of the groups favored clomipramine over doxepin for four of six
      measures. The response to treatment was less clear-cut with the patient-rated
      measures. The overall incidence and severity of adverse experiences were similar
      for both treatment groups. Clomipramine was effective, safe, and well tolerated
      as compared to doxepin in the treatment of outpatients with neurotic depression.

PMID- 6378896
TI  - Trypsin-like protease from soybean seeds. Purification and some properties.
AB  - An enzyme was purified from soybean seeds mainly by repeated ion-exchange
      chromatography using benzoyl-L-arginine p-nitroanilide (BAPA) as a substrate. The
      purified enzyme was homogeneous as judged by disc gel electrophoresis. The
      molecular weight was estimated as 59,000 by gel filtration. The enzyme was most
      active toward BAPA between pH 8 and 10. The enzyme was inactive toward protein
      substrates but hydrolyzed synthetic substrates and oligopeptides exclusively at
      the carboxyl side of L-arginine and L-lysine. Kinetic studies using synthetic
      substrates showed that, on the basis of Vmax/Km, the enzyme preferentially
      hydrolyzed amide substrates over ester substrates. Benzoyl-L-arginine 4
      methylcoumaryl-7-amide (Bz-Arg-MCA) was the best substrate. The enzyme was
      strongly inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), tosyl-L-lysine
      chloromethyl ketone (Tos-Lys-CH2Cl), leupeptin, and antipain. p
      Chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB) was only partially inhibitory. Various protein
      inhibitors of trypsin such as soybean trypsin inhibitor were ineffective. From
      the primary specificity and susceptibility to chemicals, the enzyme can be said
      to be a trypsin-like serine protease. Although the physiological role of the
      enzyme is unclear, it seems likely that it is involved in limited hydrolysis of
      certain physiological peptides during processing.

PMID- 6378897
TI  - Purification and characterization of two distinct dipeptidyl aminopeptidases in
      soluble fraction from monkey brain and their action on enkephalins.
AB  - Two distinct dipeptidyl aminopeptidases, which were designated DPP-A and DPP-B,
      were purified from soluble fraction of monkey brain using Leu-enkephalin as the
      substrate. The enzymes were purified 187 and 136 fold, respectively. Both enzymes
      showed the optimum pH in neutral range. Their molecular weights were almost equal
      and were estimated to be about 100,000. Their Km values with Leu-enkephalin as
      the substrate were 5.6 X 10(-5) and 1.1 X 10(-5) M, respectively. Among
      synthesized substrates, the highest affinity of the enzymes was toward arginyl
      arginine beta-naphthylamide with the Km values of 6.25 X 10(-5) and 6.41 X 10(-5)
      M, respectively. Both enzyme activities were inhibited by the metal-chelators DFP
      and PCMB. Two hundred fifty microM arphamenine A inhibited DPP-A and -B with
      inhibition of 36.6% and 44.1%, respectively. Beta-endorphin, ACTH, and glucagon
      inhibited only DPP-B, while beta-lipotropin and angiotensin II inhibited both DPP
      A and -B when Leu-enkephalin was used as the substrate.

PMID- 6378898
TI  - Studies on the metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids. XIV. Purification and
      properties of NADPH-dependent trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase of Escherichia coli K
      12.
AB  - NADPH-dependent trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase was purified to homogeneity from
      Escherichia coli. The molecular weight of the native enzyme was estimated to be
      80,000 by gel filtration and that of the subunit was estimated to be 40,000 by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme was most
      active toward trans-2-hexenoyl-CoA and trans-2-octenoyl-CoA but was less active
      toward longer chain substrates, whereas the Km values decreased progressively
      with increasing carbon chain length of substrates. The reductase appears to have
      a functional thiol group. The enzyme activity was rapidly decreased by p
      hydroxymercuribenzoate and 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), and slowly by N
      ethylmaleimide. The enzyme was protected from inhibition by these SH-reagents by
      the addition of NADPH. The enzyme was also inhibited by saturated acyl-CoA
      esters.

PMID- 6378899
TI  - Amino acid sequence of Japanese horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus)
      coagulogen B chain: completion of the coagulogen sequence.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of the B chain derived from Tachypleus
      tridentatus coagulogen was determined. It consisted of a total of 129 amino acid
      residues with a NH2-terminal glycine and COOH-terminal phenylalanine. Sequence
      studies of the whole B chain and the fragments obtained from the digests with
      trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, thermolysin and Staphylococcal protease V8 showed
      the following sequence: (sequence; see text) These structural studies of the B
      chain and the previously established amino acid sequences of the A chain and
      peptide C derived from T. tridentatus coagulogen, now make it possible to
      complete the whole sequence of coagulogen consisting of 175 amino acid residues
      with the molecular weight of 19,723.

PMID- 6378900
TI  - Sensitive enzyme-immunostaining and densitometric determination on thin-layer
      chromatography of N-glycolylneuraminic acid-containing glycosphingolipids,
      Hanganutziu-Deicher antigens.
AB  - A sensitive enzyme-immunochemical staining method was developed for detection of
      N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc)-containing glycosphingolipids (GSLs) on silica
      gel thin-layer chromatography. The procedure consists of immune reaction among
      NeuGc-containing GSLs, affinity-purified chicken anti-NeuGc-LacCer and
      horseradish peroxidase-conjugated rabbit anti-chicken IgG, and the peroxidase
      reaction using 4-chloro-1-naphthol as a chromogenic substrate. Quantitative
      determination was achieved by direct densitometric scanning of the enzyme
      immunostained spots on the chromatogram. As little as 0.5 pmol of NeuGc-LacCer,
      NeuGc-nLcOse4Cer, and NeuGc-nLcOse6Cer (0.64-1.0 ng) could be detected with a
      good signal-to-noise ratio. A semi-linear detector response was observed up to 50
      pmol of each GSL. This procedure can be applied easily to other glycolipid
      antigen systems.

PMID- 6378901
TI  - Binding of the enzymes of fatty acid beta-oxidation and some related enzymes to
      pig heart inner mitochondrial membrane.
AB  - The binding of crotonase (enoyl-CoA hydratase), beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA
      dehydrogenase, beta-ketothiolase, succinyl-CoA transferase, and carnitine
      acetyltransferase to inner mitochondrial membranes, mitoplasts, intact
      mitochondria, erythrocyte membranes, and phosphatidylcholine liposomes was
      studied. Succinyl-CoA transferase does not bind to any of these membranes.
      Carnitine acetyltransferase, on the other hand, binds to all of these membranes.
      The enzymes of fatty acid beta-oxidation, thiolase, crotonase, and beta
      hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase bind to inner membrane, but not to liposomes. The
      binding shows a moderate dependence on ionic strength (2-200 mM) and pH (6.5-8).
      These data indicate the possibility of an organization of the enzymes of fatty
      acid beta-oxidation on the inner mitochondrial membrane, but do not support the
      idea of an organization of the enzymes of ketone body catabolism.

PMID- 6378902
TI  - The sulfonylurea herbicide sulfometuron methyl is an extremely potent and
      selective inhibitor of acetolactate synthase in Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - The sulfonylurea herbicide sulfometuron methyl inhibits the growth of several
      bacterial species. In the presence of L-valine, sulfometuron methyl inhibits
      Salmonella typhimurium, this inhibition can be reversed by L-isoleucine. Reversal
      of growth retardation by L-isoleucine, accumulation of guanosine 5'-diphosphate
      3'-diphosphate (magic spot), and relA mutant hypersensitivity suggest
      sulfometuron methyl interference with branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis.
      Growth inhibition of S. typhimurium is mediated by sulfometuron methyl's
      inhibition of acetolactate synthase, the first common enzyme in the branched
      chain amino acid biosynthetic pathway. Sulfometuron methyl exhibits slow-binding
      inhibition of acetolactate synthase isozyme II from S. typhimurium with an
      initial Ki of 660 +/- 60 nM and a final, steady-state Ki of 65 +/- 25 nM.
      Inhibition of acetolactate synthase by sulfometuron methyl is substantially more
      rapid (10 times) in the presence of pyruvate with a maximal first-order rate
      constant for conversion from initial to final steady-state inhibition of 0.25 +/-
      0.07 min-1 (minimal half-time of 2.8 min). Mutants of S. typhimurium able to grow
      in the presence of sulfometuron methyl were obtained. They have acetolactate
      synthase activity that is insensitive to sulfometuron methyl because of mutations
      in or near ilvG, the structural gene for acetolactate synthase isozyme II.

PMID- 6378903
TI  - Purification and properties of diaminopimelic acid epimerase from Escherichia
      coli.
AB  - Diaminopimelic acid epimerase was purified from Escherichia coli. The enzyme is a
      monomer of Mr = 34,000. Diaminopimelic acid epimerase is not a pyridoxal
      phosphate-dependent enzyme: there is no evidence for pyridoxal phosphate in the
      ultraviolet spectrum of the purified enzyme, and the epimerase is not inactivated
      by carbonyl reagents such as hydroxylamine and sodium borohydride. Exchange of
      the alpha-protons of the substrates, DL- and LL-diaminopimelic acid, with solvent
      accompanies epimerization; and exchange of 3H from solvent into diaminopimelic
      acid gives 3H primarily (80-90%) in the product isomer, regardless of whether the
      DL- or LL-isomer is substrate. From these results it is concluded that the
      epimerase utilizes a two-base mechanism for proton translocation. In these major
      aspects of its mechanism, diaminopimelic acid epimerase resembles proline
      racemase. It is argued that the relative values of the isotope fractionation
      factors for the two proton acceptor sites on the enzyme can be estimated from the
      isotope effects for the DL- and LL-isomers of diaminopimelic acid. The observed
      difference in the isotope effects predicts that one, but not both, of the proton
      acceptor sites is a thiol, and it is demonstrated that diaminopimelic acid
      epimerase has a single thiol which is necessary for activity and which reacts
      with iodoacetamide.

PMID- 6378904
TI  - Amino acid sequence of the coagulogen from Limulus polyphemus hemocytes.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of the coagulogen from hemocyte lysates of
      Limulus polyphemus has been determined by sequencing the peptides obtained from
      tryptic, chymotryptic, staphylococcal protease V8 and lysyl endopeptidase
      digestions. These results established the following sequence: (formula; see text)
      Limulus coagulogen consists of a single chain with a total of 175 amino acid
      residues and the molecular weight is calculated to be 19,675. It contains 16 half
      cystines in disulfide linkages, with 5 half-cystines located in a cluster in the
      COOH-terminal 14 residues. The sequence of Limulus coagulogen is very close to
      that for the coagulogen of Tachypleus tridentatus (Japanese horseshoe crab),
      having 69% sequence homology. The 16 half-cystines of these coagulogens are in
      the same positions, suggesting a very similar conformation. Moreover, the COOH
      terminal tripeptide regions of the A chain (from the NH2-terminal end to Arg-18)
      and peptide C (from Lys-19 to Arg-46), both of which seem to interact with a
      Limulus clotting enzyme to liberate peptide C, are completely conserved. From
      secondary structure predictions by the method of Chou and Fasman (Chow, P.Y., and
      Fasman, G. D. (1974) Biochemistry 13, 211-222), the coagulogen appears to contain
      an alpha-helical region in the peptide C segment, released by the clotting
      enzyme, suggesting a marked conformational change in the transformation of the
      coagulogen to the coagulin gel. beta-sheet and reverse turn regions are
      distributed in the B chain segment (from Gly-47 to the COOH-terminal end). It is
      likely that the 16 half-cystines and abundant beta-sheet structure make the
      coagulogen molecule compact.

PMID- 6378905
TI  - Unusual lipopolysaccharide antigens of a Salmonella typhi oral vaccine strain
      expressing the Shigella sonnei form I antigen.
AB  - Salmonella typhi 5076-1C, a potential live, oral vaccine for protection against
      typhoid fever and Shigella sonnei shigellosis, expresses the S. sonnei form I
      antigen and normal S. typhi somatic antigens. Polysaccharide antigens of this
      galactose epimeraseless genetic derivative strain were hot phenol-water extracted
      from cells grown with (+gal) and without (-gal) galactose. Ultracentrifugation of
      the aqueous layer from (+gal) cells resulted in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) pellet
      having core-linked S. typhi O-antigen but no core-linked form I antigen; the LPS
      from (-gal) cells lacked O-antigen. The form I antigen, obtained from the
      supernatant, was purified by alcohol precipitation and ion exchange
      chromatography. Unlinked form I and S. typhi O-polysaccharide antigens, both
      present in the (+gal) supernatant, were further separated by gel filtration.
      Chemical analyses revealed the 5076-1C form I antigen to be a polymer (Mr =
      14,000-20,000) having O-disaccharide repeating units comprised of 2-acetamido-4
      amino-2, 4,6-trideoxy-D-galactose and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-L-altruronic acid.
      Unlike parental S. sonnei form I LPS, the 5076-1C form I antigen lacked core
      lipid A, had low phosphorus content, and migrated in polyacrylamide gels with
      lower relative mobility. In contrast to current concepts of LPS assembly, these
      data indicate that 5076-1C form I antigen is transported to the cell surface
      without covalent linkage to core lipid A, and exists as a polymerized, antigenic
      surface entity.

PMID- 6378906
TI  - Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic data of ribonucleotide reductase
      protein B2 from Escherichia coli.
AB  - The B2 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase from Escherichia coli has been
      crystallized from ammonium sulfate solutions at pH 6.0. Crystals grew as
      orthorhombic plates with cell dimensions a = 58 A, b = 73 A, and c = 205 A. The
      asymmetric unit probably contains one B2 dimer of molecular weight 2 X 43,000.
      The packing of molecules in the crystals is compatible with an elongated shape of
      the dimer. The crystals diffract to 2.5 A and are suitable for structural work.

PMID- 6378907
TI  - Phospholipid-enriched bacterial chromatophores. A system suited to investigate
      the ubiquinone-mediated interactions of protein complexes in photosynthetic
      oxidoreduction processes.
AB  - Fusion of phospholipid vesicles with photosynthetic chromatophores from
      Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides was induced by freezing and thawing. After sucrose
      density gradient sedimentation, bands containing closed vesicles characterized by
      different phospholipid to reaction center molar ratios could be isolated and
      analyzed morphologically and functionally by means of electron microscopy and
      fast spectroscopy, respectively. Analogously to data reported for phospholipid
      enriched mitochondrial inner membranes (Schneider, H., Lemasters, J. J., and
      Hackenbrock, C. R. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 10793), the rate of photosynthetic
      electron transfer in phospholipid-enriched chromatophores decreased with
      increasing distance between integral membrane complexes. A fast cyclic electron
      transfer could be restored when the concentration of the ubiquinone pool within
      the lipid bilayer was reconstituted by additions of exogenous ubiquinone. These
      results suggest that cyclic electron transfer between reaction center and
      ubiquinol-cytochrome c2 oxidoreductase complexes in phospholipid-enriched
      chromatophores is limited by the lateral diffusion of the quinone molecules in
      the membrane plane. The observation that dilution of the quinone pool in the
      lipid bilayer affects the rate of photosynthetic electron transport contrasts
      with previously reported data which indicated that up to 80% of the quinone pool
      can be removed without altering the kinetic parameters of the overall process.
      These conflicting results can be reconciled by a model which assumes that the
      relative orientation of the protein complexes, possibly controlled by protein
      protein interactions within the lipid bilayer, plays a key role in the
      effectiveness of the molecular collisions. According to a diffusion-limited
      mechanism, this would lead to a fast electron transfer during the photosynthetic
      reactions.

PMID- 6378908
TI  - T and B lymphocytes express distinct tyrosine protein kinases.
AB  - Murine B and T lymphocytes each contain a protein kinase activity that catalyzes
      the phosphorylation of both endogenous and exogenous substrates on tyrosine
      residues. In B lymphocytes, endogenous substrates of 56,000 and 60,000 daltons
      are found in the particulate fraction. Peptide mapping experiments indicate that
      these two substrates are closely related but are distinct from the major 58,000
      dalton tyrosine protein kinase substrate found in T lymphocytes. To determine if
      the same kinase is active in both B and T lymphocytes, their substrate
      specificities were compared using two exogenously added substrates: angiotensin I
      and the cytoplasmic domain of the erythrocyte band 3 protein. LSTRA, a lymphoma
      cell line that expresses elevated levels of the T lymphocyte kinase (Casnellie,
      J. E., Harrison, M. L., Hellstrom, K. E., and Krebs, E. G. (1983) J. Biol. Chem.
      258, 10738-10742), was used as a source of this enzyme. Kinetic analyses indicate
      that angiotensin I serves as a better substrate for the LSTRA kinase than for the
      B cell enzyme. Band 3, however, is preferentially phosphorylated by the B cell
      kinase. These results indicate that B and T lymphocytes express distinct tyrosine
      protein kinases.

PMID- 6378910
TI  - Structure-function relationship in Escherichia coli translational initiation
      factors. Characterization of IF-3 by high resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy.
AB  - Translational initiation factor-3 (IF-3) was characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy
      as a function of pH and temperature and following chemical modifications. Spin
      lattice relaxation times for individual resonances and bands were also measured.
      Several resonances were assigned to different amino acid residues by different
      criteria. Among these are the CH3-N of the N-terminal methionine which appears
      free, mobile, and very sensitive to the modification of several physicochemical
      parameters as well as the 3,5 and 2,6 protons of the three tyrosines (two of
      which play a role in the function of IF-3) which were found to be located in
      different magnetic environments. Two of these residues appear to be close to each
      other and in the vicinity of a slow reacting arginine within the tertiary
      structure of the factor. The properties and the titration behavior of the
      imidazole proton resonances suggest that the single His residue is partially
      buried in the protein structure. Characteristic of the IF-3 spectrum also is the
      presence of an abundant subset of Arg delta-CH2, Lys epsilon-CH2, and CH3 protons
      displaying clear cut upfield perturbations. These are probably due to the coming
      together of two or more apolar "fronts" which possibly arise from distant parts
      of the molecule and result in the close proximity between aromatic rings and
      aliphatic side chains. The IF-3 spectrum also includes several distinct methyl
      resonances significantly shifted upfield by aromatic ring currents. Overall, the
      characteristics of the spectrum, its relative insensitivity to temperature and
      ionic strength, and the existence of extensive cross-relaxation phenomena
      indicate that IF-3 has a highly folded tertiary structure with abundant
      hydrophobic regions. In spite of some heterogeneity in the distribution of the
      side chain environments, no indication was found for the existence of distinct
      domains or, at least, of extensive regions with higher mobility.

PMID- 6378909
TI  - Effects of allosteric activation on the primary and secondary kinetic isotope
      effects for three AMP nucleosidases.
AB  - Kinetic isotope effects (V/K) were measured with AMP nucleosidases isolated from
      Azotobacter vinelandii, from a Vmax mutant enzyme of A. vinelandii and from
      Escherichia coli. Specifically labeled AMP substrates were used to measure 3H
      secondary and 14C primary kinetic isotope effects on the N-glycosidic bond
      hydrolysis of AMP in the presence and absence of the allosteric activator, MgATP.
      Use of the three enzymes, variable MgATP concentration, a poor substrate (dAMP),
      and variable pH has allowed determination of the isotope effects over a 5000-fold
      range in the catalytic turnover number. The primary kinetic isotope effects were
      1.025 +/- 0.004 and 1.041 +/- 0.006 for the native A. vinelandii enzyme and
      mutant enzyme, respectively, and were independent of MgATP concentration. The E.
      coli AMP nucleosidase had a primary isotope effect of 1.019 +/- 0.003 which was
      also independent of MgATP concentration. The secondary kinetic isotope effect
      decreased from 1.066 +/- 0.003 to 1.045 +/- 0.002 for the native enzyme from A.
      vinelandii as the concentration of MgATP increased from 0 to 500 microM. The
      secondary isotope effect of the mutant enzyme remained constant at 1.088 +/-
      0.005 as the MgATP concentration increased from 0 to 500 microM. The secondary
      isotope effect of the E. coli enzyme showed a similar pattern to that of the
      native enzyme, decreasing from 1.087 +/- 0.003 to 1.050 +/- 0.003 as the enzyme
      was saturated with MgATP at a constant concentration of AMP. Saturation with AMP
      in the absence of MgATP gave similar results and suggested that AMP can cause the
      allosteric transition. Both the primary and secondary isotope effects for the
      native enzyme from A. vinelandii remained constant as the pH was varied in the
      absence of MgATP. Secondary isotope effects with a poor substrate, dAMP, were
      1.08 for both the mutant and wild type enzymes from A. vinelandii in the presence
      of allosteric activator. In the native enzyme, this isotope effect was
      independent of MgATP concentration. The relative insensitivity in the magnitude
      of observed isotope effects to pH, allosteric activator, the mutant enzyme, and a
      poor substrate (dAMP) indicate that intrinsic isotope effects are being
      expressed. The data are interpreted in terms of a single rate-limiting transition
      state for hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond, although other mechanisms cannot
      be eliminated. Using this model, the transition states of the native A.
      vinelandii and E. coli enzymes exhibit properties of both dissociative and
      associative mechanisms but become more associative as the allosteric activator
      becomes saturating.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6378911
TI  - Adenosine 5'-O-(3-thio)triphosphate, a substrate and potent inhibitor of
      Escherichia coli succinyl-CoA synthetase. Additional evidence for a cooperative
      alternating-sites mechanism.
AB  - Adenosine 5'-O-(3-thio)triphosphate (ATP gamma S) has been shown to be a potent
      inhibitor of Escherichia coli succinyl-CoA synthetase. This inhibition was
      competitive with respect to ATP and GTP (Ki values of 0.8 and 0.7 microM,
      respectively) and mixed with respect to CoA and succinate. ATP gamma S previously
      had been shown to be a weak substrate of the enzyme, probably because of the
      relatively sluggish reactivity of the thiophosphoryl enzyme intermediate
      (Wolodko, W. T., Brownie, E. R., O'Connor, M. D., and Bridger, W. A. (1983) J.
      Biol. Chem. 258, 14116-14119). In our work, reaction of thiophosphoryl enzyme
      with ADP was greatly stimulated by succinyl-CoA, an observation that is
      consistent with the concept of alternating-sites cooperativity. Thiophosphoryl
      group release did not appear to be accompanied by "other-site" phosphorylation,
      in contrast to ATP stimulation of thiophosphoryl group release in the presence of
      succinate and CoA (Wolodko et al., see above). In addition, ADP did not appear to
      be required in the latter reaction.

PMID- 6378912
TI  - Determination of flux through the branch point of two metabolic cycles. The
      tricarboxylic acid cycle and the glyoxylate shunt.
AB  - The branch point of the tricarboxylic acid and glyoxylate shunt has been
      characterized in the intact organism by a multidimensional approach. Theory and
      methodology have been developed to determine velocities for the net flow of
      carbon through the major steps in acetate metabolism in Escherichia coli. Rates
      were assigned based on the 13C NMR spectrum of intracellular glutamate, measured
      rates of substrate incorporation into end products, the constituent composition
      of E. coli, and a series of conservation equations which described the system at
      steady state. The in vivo fluxes through the branch point of the tricarboxylic
      acid and glyoxylate cycles were compared to rates calculated from the kinetic
      constants of the branch point enzymes and the intracellular concentrations of
      their substrates.

PMID- 6378913
TI  - Protease IV, a cytoplasmic membrane protein of Escherichia coli, has signal
      peptide peptidase activity.
AB  - During export of the outer membrane lipoprotein across the cytoplasmic membrane,
      the signal peptide of the lipoprotein undergoes two successive proteolytic
      attacks, cleavage of the signal peptide by signal peptidase and digestion of the
      cleaved signal peptide by an enzyme called signal peptide peptidase(s) (Hussain,
      M., Ichihara, S., and Mizushima, S. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 5177-5182;
      Hussain, M., Ozawa, Y., Ichihara, S., and Mizushima, S. (1982) Eur. J. Biochem.
      129, 233-239). Here we report that protease IV, a cytoplasmic membrane protease,
      exhibits the signal peptide peptidase activity. The signal peptide peptidase
      activity was cofractionated with protease IV throughout the entire process of
      purification of the latter enzyme. Only the signal peptide was digested by the
      peptidase among membrane proteins. Both the signal peptide peptidase activity and
      the protease IV activity were inhibited to similar degrees by antipain,
      leupeptin, chymostatin, and elastatinal that are known to inhibit the signal
      peptide peptidase activity in the cell envelope. From these results we conclude
      that protease IV is the signal peptide peptidase that is responsible for signal
      peptide digestion in the cytoplasmic membrane. The peptidase attacked the signal
      peptide only after its release from the precursor protein.

PMID- 6378914
TI  - A comparison of the insulin- and epidermal growth factor-stimulated protein
      kinases from human placenta.
AB  - The characteristics of the insulin- and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated
      tyrosine-specific protein kinases in a wheat germ lectin-Sepharose-purified
      preparation of solubilized placenta membranes were compared. The specific
      activity of the insulin-stimulated kinase in this preparation was 72 nmol/min/mg
      whereas the specific activity of the EGF-stimulated kinase was 312 nmol/min/mg
      using a synthetic peptide as the phosphorylatable substrate. The two enzymes
      showed similar divalent metal ion requirements and nucleotide specificities. In
      addition, both kinases were inhibited by treatment with N-ethylmaleimide.
      However, the EGF-stimulated enzyme was more sensitive to modification by this
      reagent than was the insulin-stimulated kinase. When examined for their ability
      to utilize a number of different proteins as substrates, the insulin- and EGF
      stimulated kinases exhibited similar but not identical substrate specificities.
      These similarities at the molecular level may be the basis of the similarity
      between the actions of insulin and EGF at the cellular level.

PMID- 6378915
TI  - Effects of dietary sodium on sympathetic nervous system control of cardiovascular
      function.
AB  - The body of information which characterizes the adaptations in sympathetic
      nervous system control of cardiovascular function that occur in response to
      changes in dietary sodium intake is rapidly expanding. Multiple sites within the
      nervous system have been shown to be sensitive to variations in sodium
      availability, including the baroreceptors, cardiovascular regulatory centres in
      the brain, and the peripheral sympathetic neurones. In addition, dietary sodium
      is known to influence the level of activity of hormonal systems which are capable
      of modulating sympathetic neuronal function. The hormonal system that has been
      most widely investigated with respect to interactions with sympathetic neurones
      is the renin-angiotensin system. Other hormonal systems such as the
      prostaglandins, kinins, and natriuretic hormone have also been linked to sodium
      homeostasis. However, much less is known about their role in modulating
      sympathetic activity in response to alterations in sodium intake. Further
      elucidation of the interactions between dietary sodium and sympathetic neural
      control of the cardiovascular system should add significantly to our
      understanding of the mechanisms involved in cardiovascular regulation.

PMID- 6378916
TI  - The treatment of infected and uninfected non-union.
AB  - One hundred and sixteen patients with 129 ununited fractures were treated either
      by rigid internal fixation and bone grafting or, in 14 tibial non-unions, by
      posterolateral bone grafting. In 37 actively infected cases this was combined
      with sequestrectomy and appropriate antibiotics. The final success rate was
      98.4%. Technical errors or inadequate immobilisation after operation in patients
      with severe osteoporosis led to some early failures. No patient had a discharge
      or evidence of osteomyelitis after removal of metal. Rigid internal fixation with
      or without bone grafting is the treatment of choice for established non-union
      with bone loss when true synovial pseudarthrosis is present, when malalignment or
      shortening needs correction, and when prolonged immobilisation is either
      difficult or would lead to unacceptable stiffness in adjacent joints. Active
      osteomyelitis is not a contra-indication to internal fixation.

PMID- 6378917
TI  - Alcoholdehydrogenase as an activating enzyme for N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA):
      in vitro activation of NDELA to a potent mutagen in Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - N-Nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA), a potent carcinogen, has not so far been found
      to be mutagenic in a wide range of test systems. In particular, mutagenicity
      testing in Salmonella typhimurium with rat liver S-9 mix or microsomal fraction
      used for activation has failed to indicate mutagenicity. However, when incubated
      with alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in the presence of NAD, NDELA is converted to a
      potent mutagen. A possible mechanism of activation comprises the generation of an
      aldehyde as a primary metabolite formed by NAD/ADH and its subsequent
      rearrangement into cyclic intermediates. The latter might either be further
      metabolized or spontaneously decompose into various alkylating agents and
      glycolaldehyde. Standard test conditions used for the Ames test will not favor
      the detection of mutagens to be activated by NAD/ADH because they require the
      presence of NADPH, whereas ADH needs NAD to become an activating enzyme, as shown
      for NDELA.

PMID- 6378919
TI  - Intracellular water and the cytomatrix: some methods of study and current views.
AB  - The extent to which the properties of water in cells are like those of water in
      dilute aqueous solutions is a question of broad significance to cell biology. A
      detailed answer is not available at present, although evidence is accumulating
      that the properties of at least a large fraction of intracellular water are
      altered by interactions with cell ultrastructure, notably the cytomatrix. That
      and related evidence also suggests that the properties, composition, and
      activities of the "aqueous cytoplasm" of intact cells bear little resemblance to
      those of the "cytosol" obtained by cell fractionation. This paper will consider
      some of the evidence for these possibilities and some of their potential
      consequences with regard to cellular structure and function.

PMID- 6378918
TI  - Brush border cytoskeleton and integration of cellular functions.

PMID- 6378921
TI  - Cytoplasmic matrix: old and new questions.

PMID- 6378920
TI  - Axonal transport of the cytoplasmic matrix.

PMID- 6378922
TI  - Cellular regulation of microtubule organization.

PMID- 6378923
TI  - Isolation and characterization of epinectin, a novel adhesion protein for
      epithelial cells.
AB  - A 70,000-mol-wt protein was isolated from A431 carcinoma cell extracellular
      matrix that promotes cell substratum adhesion of these epidermoid tumor cells.
      Extracellular matrix was isolated by a modification of a procedure described by
      Hedman et al. (Hedman, K., M. Kurkinen, K. Alitalo, A. Vaheri, S. Johansson, and
      M. Hook, 1979 J. Cell Biol., 81:83-91) and Yamada and Weston (Yamada, K., and J.
      A. Weston, 1974, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 71:3492-3496). Cells were
      solubilized with 0.5% deoxycholate, 10 mM Tris, 0.9% NaCl, and 1 mM
      phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, pH 8.0. The residual matrix was then removed from
      the plates with 6 M urea and 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and phosphate
      buffered saline. SDS PAGE gels of the 6 M urea extract showed one major band at
      70,000-mol-wt by Coomassie Blue staining. A 70,000-mol-wt isotopically-labeled
      band could also be extracted from the matrix of cells incubated with
      [35S]methionine. Because of the presence of this protein on squamous-derived
      epithelial cells we have called the 70,000-mol-wt molecule epinectin. Indirect
      immunofluorescence with polyclonal rabbit antibodies against epinectin stained
      A431 cells pericellularly in dense punctate accumulations and along the plasma
      membrane. Enzyme-linked immunoassays and gel-transfer immunolocalization studies
      showed that the extract did not cross-react with antibodies to fibronectin,
      laminin, serum-spreading factor, epibolin, or keratin. Additionally, antibodies
      to epinectin did not cross-react with these proteins. Further studies showed that
      epinectin does not bind to gelatin. Cell-adhesion assay, using radiolabeled A431
      carcinoma cells on various adhesion-promoting substrates, showed that epinectin
      has similar adhesion-promoting capacity as serum-spreading factor, was somewhat
      less active than fibronectin, but more effective than laminin or epibolin.
      Epinectin appears to be a unique protein isolated from epidermoid tumor cells
      that is distinct from other known adhesion proteins.

PMID- 6378924
TI  - Membrane protein damage and repair: removal and replacement of inactivated 32
      kilodalton polypeptides in chloroplast membranes.
AB  - Incubation of Chlamydomonas reinhardii cells at light levels that are several
      times more intense than those at which the cells were grown results in a loss of
      photosystem II function (termed photoinhibition). The loss of activity
      corresponded to the disappearance from the chloroplast membranes of a lysine
      deficient, herbicide-binding protein of 32,000 daltons which is thought to be the
      apoprotein of the secondary quinone electron acceptor of photosystem II (the QB
      protein). In vivo recovery from the damage only occurred following de novo
      synthesis (replacement) of the chloroplast-encoded QB protein. We believe that
      the turnover of this protein is a normal consequence of its enzymatic function in
      vivo and is a physiological process that is necessary to maintain the
      photosynthetic integrity of the thylakoid membrane. Photoinhibition occurs when
      the rate of inactivation and subsequent removal exceeds the rate of resynthesis
      of the QB protein.

PMID- 6378925
TI  - A cell surface integral membrane glycoprotein of 85,000 mol wt (gp85) associated
      with triton X-100-insoluble cell skeleton.
AB  - The Triton X-100-insoluble skeleton of baby hamster kidney BHK cells consists of
      the nucleus, intermediate-size filaments, and actin fibers. By transmission
      electron microscopy, membrane fragments were found to be associated with these
      insoluble structures. When radioiodinated or [3H]glucosamine-labeled cells were
      extracted with 0.5% Triton, most plasma membrane glycoproteins were solubilized
      except for a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 85,000 (gp85) that remained
      associated with the insoluble skeletons. Immunoprecipitation with a specific
      antiserum indicated that the gp85 is not a proteolytic degradation product of
      fibronectin, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein insoluble in detergent. A
      monoclonal antibody of BHK cells specific for gp85 was produced.
      Immunofluorescence analysis with this monoclonal antibody indicated that gp85 is
      not associated with the extracellular matrix, but is confined to the cell
      membrane. Both in fixed and unfixed intact cells, fluorescence was concentrated
      in dots preferentially aligned in streaks on the cell surface. Gp85 was found to
      behave as an integral membrane protein interacting with the hydrophobic core of
      the lipid bilayer since it was extracted from membrane preparations by ionic
      detergents such as SDS, but not by 0.1 N NaOH (pH 12) in the absence of
      detergents, a condition known to release peripheral molecules. Association of
      gp85 with the cell skeleton was unaffected by increasing the Triton concentration
      up to 5%, but it was affected when actin filaments were dissociated or when a
      protein-denaturing agent (6 M urea) was used in the presence of Triton,
      suggesting that protein-protein interactions are involved in the association of
      gp85 with the cell skeleton. We conclude that gp85 is an integral plasma membrane
      glycoprotein that might have a role in cell surface-cytoskeleton interaction.

PMID- 6378926
TI  - Changes in distribution of nuclear matrix antigens during the mitotic cell cycle.
AB  - We examined the distribution of nonlamin nuclear matrix antigens during the
      mitotic cell cycle in mouse 3T3 fibroblasts. Four monoclonal antibodies produced
      against isolated nuclear matrices were used to characterize antigens by the
      immunoblotting of isolated nuclear matrix preparations, and were used to localize
      the antigens by indirect immunofluorescence. For comparison, lamins and histones
      were localized using human autoimmune antibodies. At interphase, the monoclonal
      antibodies recognized non-nucleolar and nonheterochromatin nuclear components.
      Antibody P1 stained the nuclear periphery homogeneously, with some small
      invaginations toward the interior of the nucleus. Antibody I1 detected an antigen
      distributed as fine granules throughout the nuclear interior. Monoclonals PI1 and
      PI2 stained both the nuclear periphery and interior, with some characteristic
      differences. During mitosis, P1 and I1 were chromosome-associated, whereas PI1
      and PI2 dispersed in the cytoplasm. Antibody P1 heavily stained the periphery of
      the chromosome mass, and we suggest that the antigen may play a role in
      maintaining interphase and mitotic chromosome order. With antibody I1, bright
      granules were distributed along the chromosomes and there was also some diffuse
      internal staining. The antigen to I1 may be involved in chromatin/chromosome
      higher-order organization throughout the cell cycle. Antibodies PI1 and PI2 were
      redistributed independently during prophase, and dispersed into the cytoplasm
      during prometaphase. Antibody PI2 also detected antigen associated with the
      spindle poles.

PMID- 6378927
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of urokinase-type plasminogen activator in Lewis
      lung carcinoma.
AB  - The invasively growing and metastasizing Lewis lung carcinoma consistently
      contained urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) enzyme activity. When
      investigated immunocytochemically with antibodies against u-PA, different parts
      of individual tumors showed a pronounced heterogeneity in staining intensity.
      Strong staining was found in areas with invasive growth and degradation of
      surrounding normal tissue, while other areas were completely devoid of staining.
      Immunoreactivity occurred both with a perinuclear cytoplasmic localization in
      tumor cells and associated with apparently extracellular material. SDS PAGE of
      tumor extracts, under both reducing and nonreducing conditions, followed by
      immunoblotting, showed only one immunocytochemically stainable band with an
      electrophoretic mobility corresponding to that of purified proenzyme to u-PA,
      while no two-chain u-PA was detected. This indicates that the major part of the
      activator in Lewis lung carcinoma is present as one-chain pro-u-PA.

PMID- 6378928
TI  - Prostaglandin synthesis by cells comprising the calf pulmonary artery.
AB  - Prostaglandin (PG) production was evaluated in the three cell types (endothelial,
      smooth muscle, and fibroblast) comprising the bovine pulmonary artery.
      Prostacyclin (PGI2) was the predominant prostaglandin (PG) produced by
      endothelial, smooth muscle, and fibroblast cells as they exist in culture or in
      freshly excised tissue fragments. In addition to PGI2, measurable amounts of
      PGE2, PGF2a, and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) were also produced by these cells.
      Endothelial cells were the most active producers of PGs. However, the type of PG
      produced was characteristic of the particular cell type, while the level of
      production was dependent on external factors. Prostaglandin production by
      cultured cells, both under basal conditions and in response to stimulatory
      agents, was quite similar to that of the respective freshly excised tissue
      fragments containing a given cell type. These cells in culture could be
      stimulated to produce PGI2 by both angiotensin and bradykinin at very low
      (physiological) concentrations, a further indication of the retention of the
      physiological responsiveness of these cells in culture. Endothelial cells and
      fibroblasts were activated by bradykinin at concentrations as low as 10(-12) M
      but did not respond to angiotensin. Smooth muscle cells in primary and first
      passage cultures were activated by both bradykinin and angiotensin at 10(-12) M
      concentrations. Serial subcultivations of smooth muscle cells resulted in a
      progressive loss in their responsiveness to bradykinin stimulation. The state of
      cell growth proved to be an important determinant of PG production. Actively
      growing cells in culture synthesized less PG when compared to cells which had
      entered into a "quiescent" nongrowth state.

PMID- 6378929
TI  - Induction of cytochrome P-450 isozymes in rat hepatoma-derived cell cultures.
AB  - We have investigated the responsiveness of established rat hepatocyte cell
      cultures to inducers of cytochrome P-450. One Reuber hepatoma-derived line (Fu5
      C8), which under normal culture conditions produces no detectable cytochrome P
      450(MC) or cytochrome P-450(PB)--the major cytochrome P-450 isozymes induced by 3
      methylcholanthrene and phenobarbital, respectively--was tested for the ability to
      accumulate either cytochrome P-450 isozyme in response to treatment with various
      xenobiotics. By immune-precipitation from [35S]-methionine-labeled cell extracts,
      using monospecific anticytochrome P-450(MC) antibody or monoclonal anticytochrome
      P-450(PB) antibody, it was demonstrated that these cells possess the capability
      to synthesize cytochrome P-450(MC) in response to 3-methylcholanthrene treatment,
      while none of the drug treatments caused the synthesis of detectable quantities
      of cytochrome P-450(PB). RNA extracted from Fu5-C8 cells directed the in vitro
      synthesis of immune-precipitable cytochrome P-450(MC) only after treatment of the
      cells with 3-methylcholanthrene. Kinetic analysis of the response of these cells
      to 3-methylcholanthrene induction revealed detectable levels of immune
      precipitable cytochrome P-450(MC) 2 h after drug treatment with maximal induction
      occurring between 12 and 16 h of exposure. Another cell line (HF 1.5), obtained
      originally by hybridization of Fao X H5 variants of a Reuber H35 hepatoma,
      produces cytochrome P-450(MC) and also cytochrome P-450(PB) constitutively, as
      determined by specific immune-precipitation from labeled cell extracts. Exposure
      of confluent monolayers to either phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene resulted
      in an induction of cytochrome P-450(PB) or cytochrome P-450(MC), respectively.
      Double-labeling immunofluorescence studies indicate that all cells in the culture
      produce albumin and most of the cells produce cytochrome P-450(MC), but only a
      subset of cells synthesize cytochrome P-450(PB). Our results demonstrate that
      some continuously dividing hepatocyte cell cultures retain the capacity to
      respond to xenobiotics, including phenobarbital, a response which is typically
      exhibited by fully differentiated liver cells. Such established hepatocyte cell
      cultures should prove useful for investigating the mechanism of induction of
      cytochrome P-450(PB).

PMID- 6378930
TI  - Cystamine augments the stimulation of DNA synthesis by peptide growth factors and
      microtubule-disrupting agents in cultures of 3T3 mouse fibroblasts.
AB  - Cystamine together with colchicine markedly enhanced the uptake of [3H]-thymidine
      into DNA of quiescent cultures of insulin-stimulated Swiss 3T3 mouse fibroblasts.
      Flow cytofluorometric analyses showed an increased rate of transition of cells
      from G0/G1----S + G2 in response to combinations of insulin, colchicine, and
      cystamine. Cystamine, the most effective of several thiol compounds, gave maximal
      augmentation at 200 microM and was toxic at 300-500 microM. Amplification of DNA
      synthesis by cystamine was also obtained with epidermal growth factor,
      vasopressin, and 0.5% fetal bovine serum. Combinations of cystamine and other
      microtubule-disrupting agents such as nocodazole, maytansine, and podophyllotoxin
      enhanced DNA synthesis in insulin-stimulated cells. In experiments involving
      sequential addition of agents, significant enhancement of DNA synthesis was
      observed when the addition of colchicine to cystamine-treated cells was delayed
      or conversely when the addition of cystamine to colchicine-treated cultures was
      delayed. This reciprocal interaction between cystamine and colchicine suggests
      that a prereplicative intermediate accumulates in response to the action of these
      dissimilar compounds. We consider the possibility that cystamine may act by
      forming mixed disulfides with thiol groups of unknown protein(s) that regulate
      DNA replication.

PMID- 6378932
TI  - Do we understand the genetic mechanisms of oncogenesis? Keynote address for Honey
      Harbor meeting on cellular and molecular biology of neoplasia, October 2-6, 1983.
AB  - Different experiments with viruses and transfection now support the classical
      view that cancer is the result of a multistep process. This analysis further
      indicates that some of these steps involve mutations affecting the qualitative
      and quantitative expression of dominant transforming genes or oncogenes. These
      mutations are spontaneous or induced and of various kinds, including base pair
      changes, deletions, translocations, and amplifications. The actions of the active
      transforming genes or oncogenes lead to the properties of the tumor cell.
      However, these activities are effective only in the appropriate cell with targets
      for the products of the oncogenes and without inhibitors. Because there will be
      multiple genetic changes in tumor cells, it is difficult to determine which
      changes are significant for the oncogenesis. Retrovirus vectors may be useful in
      this determination. In addition, our present methods of analysis may be missing
      certain of the multiple steps in oncogenesis, in particular, those involved with
      tissue-, organ-, and organism-specific controls.

PMID- 6378931
TI  - Growth requirements of low-density rabbit costal chondrocyte cultures maintained
      in serum-free medium.
AB  - The factors required for the active proliferation of low-density rabbit costal
      chondrocytes exposed to 9:1 (v/v) mixture of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
      and Ham's F12 medium have been defined. Low-density primary cultures of rabbit
      costal chondrocytes proliferated actively when the medium was supplemented with
      high-density lipoprotein (300 micrograms/ml), transferrin (60 micrograms/ml),
      fibroblast growth factor (FGF) (1 ng/ml), hydrocortisone (10(-6) M), and
      epidermal growth factor (EGF) (30 ng/ml). Insulin, although it slightly decreased
      the final cell density, was required for reexpression of the cartilage phenotype
      at confluence. Optimal proliferation of low-density chondrocyte cultures was only
      observed when dishes were coated with an extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by
      cultured corneal endothelial cells, but not on plastic. Furthermore, serum-free
      chondrocyte cultures seeded at low density and maintained on ECM-coated dishes
      gave rise to a homogeneous cartilage-like tissue composed of spherical cells.
      These chondrocytes therefore seem to provide a good experimental system for
      analyzing factors involved in supporting proliferation of chondrocytes and their
      phenotypic expression.

PMID- 6378933
TI  - Cell heterogeneity in human ovarian carcinoma.

PMID- 6378934
TI  - Multistage carcinogenesis involves multiple genes and multiple mechanisms.

PMID- 6378935
TI  - The effect of translocations on the cellular myc gene in Burkitt lymphomas.
AB  - Chromosomal translocations are found to be a characteristic feature of Burkitt
      lymphomas. Similar translocations are found in mouse plasmacytomas and both
      diseases involve interchanges between one of the immunoglobulin loci and DNA in
      the vicinity of the myc gene. The structure of the myc gene has been elucidated
      from studies on translocated versions of the gene. Activation of the myc gene may
      play a role in transformation by promoting growth of the cells bearing the
      rearranged chromosomes.

PMID- 6378936
TI  - c-myc Involvement in chromosomal translocations in mice and men.

PMID- 6378937
TI  - Clonogenic tumour cells.

PMID- 6378938
TI  - Cancer predisposition, carcinogen hypersensitivity, and aberrant DNA metabolism.

PMID- 6378939
TI  - Syncytioskeletons in choriocarcinoma in culture.
AB  - Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using anti-actin serum has been used to
      investigate the distribution of actin-containing polymers in BeWo cells. This
      cell line, derived from a human choriocarcinoma, contains tissue that, like its
      tissue of origin, is partly syncytial. The syncytial nature has been inferred
      from study of Nomarski optical sections and from transmission electron
      microscopy. The multinucleated plaques of tissue possess a syncytioskeleton with
      a number of actin-containing features characteristic of cultured cells. These
      include stress fibres, cortical layers and ruffled membranes. Other actin
      containing structures are more typical of the related non-pathological
      syncytiotrophoblast. These include a dense population of microvilli. The overall
      organization of the actin syncytioskeletons bears no obvious relationship to the
      number or position of nuclei in the syncytium. Indirect immunofluorescence
      microscopy has also been employed to localize the protein tubulin in BeWo cells.
      The microtubules do not appear to be spatially organized by a particular nucleus.
      Rather, there are numerous microtubule-organizing centres (MTOCs) that exist in
      the cytoplasm and do not have the expected numerical and positional relationship
      to nuclei. From these data it appears that polymeric cytoskeletal elements in
      these syncytia are organized in a manner not immediately subordinate to syncytial
      nuclei.

PMID- 6378940
TI  - Distribution of desmosomal components in the tissues of vertebrates, studied by
      fluorescent antibody staining.
AB  - In previous work we used immunofluorescent staining with specific antibodies to
      study the distribution of five desmosomal antigens in the epithelia of different
      vertebrate animals. We showed that all five antigens were present in all
      epithelia studied in human, bovine, rat, guinea pig, chick and frog (Rana
      pipiens) tissues. It was concluded that desmosomes are highly conserved
      structures. This paper extends those studies: by including three other species, a
      lizard (Lacerta viridis), the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) and the trout (Salmo
      trutta), and by looking at several tissues in more detail. The principal results
      are as follows. The epidermis of all species down to the frog stain with equal
      intensity for all desmosomal antigens. In the epidermis of axolotl and trout,
      staining for desmosomal plaque constituents is present, but staining for the
      desmosomal glycoproteins is greatly reduced or absent. Within mammalian species
      as well as chick, lizard and frog, staining for the 115 X 10(3) and 100 X 10(3)
      molecular weight desmosomal glycoproteins is less intense in non-epidermal
      tissues than in the epidermis, while staining for desmosomal plaque constituents
      and for the 150 X 10(3) molecular weight glycoprotein is undiminished. It is
      possible, therefore, that slight differences exist between certain glycoproteins
      of epidermis and non-epidermal epithelia. The hearts of lower vertebrates
      (lizard, frog, axolotl and trout) stain only for individual desmosomal plaque
      antigens. The pillar cells of trout gill stain, adjacent to their collagenous
      columns, for one desmosomal plaque antigen. There is a fibrous cytoplasmic mat in
      this position but no desmosomes. Thus one of the desmosomal antigens may have a
      function outside the desmosome.

PMID- 6378941
TI  - The mononuclear phagocyte system of the mouse defined by immunohistochemical
      localization of antigen F4/80: macrophages of bone and associated connective
      tissue.
AB  - The macrophage-specific antigen F4/80 has been localized in adult mouse bone and
      connective tissue. F4/80 positive cells form the centre of haemopoietic islands,
      line the periosteal and subendosteal bone surfaces and are a major component of
      connective tissue and the synovial membrane (presumptive type A cells). F4/80 is
      absent from fibroblasts, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts and a
      subpopulation of synovial lining cells (presumptive type B cells).

PMID- 6378942
TI  - The cell cycle and sorting behaviour in Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - Synchronized cells of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum were
      prepared by mitotic wash-off. Cell counts and DNA synthesis measurements
      indicated a high degree of synchrony. Cells from each phase of the cell cycle
      were fluorescently labelled and mixed with unlabelled asynchronous cells. Cells
      that were in S-phase and very early G2 at the onset of starvation demonstrated a
      strong tendency to sort to the tip of the subsequent slugs. With reference to
      these results and published evidence, we discuss the possible role of cell-cycle
      related adhesion differences in cell sorting.

PMID- 6378943
TI  - Fluorescence microscopic studies of mitochondrial nucleoids during meiosis and
      sporulation in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Configurational changes of mitochondria and mitochondrial nucleoids (mt
      nucleoids) during meiosis and sporulation in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae,
      were examined using the mitochondrial membrane-binding fluorescent dye, dimethyl
      aminostyrylmethylpyridiniumiodine (DASPMI) and the DNA-binding fluorescent dye,
      4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). In zygotes just after mating, mt-nucleoids
      were observed as many small discrete light spots in the cytoplasm. During meiosis
      in zygotes, mt-nucleoids at first coalesced with each other into a long string
      and then separated into spherical nucleoids in four spores. These changes
      paralleled those in mitochondria observed using DASPMI. The use of spheroplasts
      allowed us to examine the behaviour of mt-nucleoids at higher resolution and to
      identify several distinct meiotic prophase stages of the cell nucleus during
      early sporulation. In diploid spheroplasts at the stationary phase, 50-70 of the
      mt-nucleoids were observed to be separated from each other and each spherical
      mitochondrion contained only one mt-nucleoid. At the later stage of premeiotic
      DNA synthesis, a single branched giant mitochondrion was formed as a result of
      complete mitochondrial fusion. All of the mt-nucleoids were arranged in an array
      on a giant mitochondrion and coalesced into a string-like network. Through
      meiosis I and II, strings of mt-nucleoids were observed close to the dividing
      nuclei. At late meiosis II, a ring of mt-nucleoids enclosing each daughter
      nucleus was formed. In ascospores, discrete small nucleoids were visible close to
      each spore nucleus with a 'string-of-beads' appearance. Many mt-nucleoids were
      excluded from the ascospores and remained in the residual cytoplasm of the ascus.

PMID- 6378944
TI  - Monocytes from circulating blood fuse in vitro with purified osteoclasts in
      primary culture.
AB  - The origin of osteoclasts from mononuclear phagocytes and the addition of new
      nuclei to already differentiated osteoclasts have already been documented by
      several authors, but the factors controlling these events have not yet been
      elucidated. With the aim of investigating this problem, monocytes, isolated from
      circulating blood of laying hens and cultured previously for 5 days, were added
      to osteoclasts isolated from the medullary bone of the same hen and cultured at
      low density. The cultures were either fixed and observed under phase contrast at
      24-h intervals for 5 days or filmed by time-lapse cinemicrography. With both
      techniques the formation of extensive areas of membrane contacts, generally
      followed by fusion between some monocytes and osteoclasts, was observed. The
      absence of added resorbing factors and the possible mechanisms by which
      osteoclast precursors are recruited in vivo are discussed.

PMID- 6378945
TI  - Hypnosis and the child.

PMID- 6378947
TI  - The Journal of Chromatography: Cumulative author and subject indexes, volumes 101
      150 (1974-1978).

PMID- 6378946
TI  - Injury control--psychosocial considerations.

PMID- 6378948
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of pyrimethamine, sulfadoxine and
      its N4-acetyl metabolite in serum and urine after ingestion of Suldox.
AB  - A sensitive and selective reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic
      assay has been developed to determine the concentration of pyrimethamine,
      sulfadoxine and N4-acetylsulfadoxine in serum and urine after oral administration
      of the antimalarial remedy Suldox. Hitherto the literature describes no method
      being able to quantitate all three compounds in these fluids. The compounds are
      extracted successively from the same sample and subjected to liquid
      chromatography followed by ultraviolet detection (280 nm). Calibration curves
      were linear (r2 = 0.999; S.E.M. less than 3%; n = 10) in the range 0-300
      micrograms/ml (sulfadoxine) and 0-1000 ng/ml (N4-acetylsulfadoxine and
      pyrimethamine). The limits of quantitation for the latter compounds were as low
      as about 5 ng/ml and 1 ng/ml, respectively. At therapeutic serum concentrations
      of 30 micrograms/ml (sulfadoxine), 350 ng/ml (N4-acetylsulfadoxine) and 120 ng/ml
      (pyrimethamine) an interassay reproducibility below 8% (relative standard
      deviation) was found for all three compounds. The assay was evaluated in a pilot
      study and proved convenient for pharmacokinetic studies in man following oral co
      administration of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine.

PMID- 6378949
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of plasma catecholamines
      during alpha-methyldopa therapy.

PMID- 6378950
TI  - Therapeutic drug monitoring using high-speed liquid chromatography and rapid
      sample preparation: an assay for serum theophylline.

PMID- 6378951
TI  - Gold-IgG complexes improve the detection and identification of viruses in leaf
      dip preparations.
AB  - An immunoelectron microscopic method is described for rapid detection and
      identification of plant viruses in leaf-dip preparations by specific labelling
      with gold-IgG complexes. The process takes only 10 min and markedly improves the
      identification of viruses, particularly spherical ones including luteoviruses in
      leaf dips over simple antibody decoration.

PMID- 6378952
TI  - Use of experimental designs with quantitative ELISA.
AB  - Precise use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as a quantitative
      technique depends on repeatability of color development and its measurement.
      Variation in measured response among wells, within and among microtiter plates,
      often precludes such precision. For example, plates with all wells treated
      uniformly exhibited unacceptable optical density differences in excess of 0.35
      and 0.25 O.D. U among row and column averages, respectively. Arrangement of
      samples on plates according to classical experimental designs, with compact
      blocking features and two-dimensional control over spatial patterns, provides a
      possible remedy. Analysis of variations over uniformly treated plates
      demonstrated the potential for increased precision when such designs are used
      instead of random arrangements. Retrospective analysis of more than 100 tests
      performed with various experimental designs confirmed that this potential was
      realized when using Youden square and lattice square designs. Several designs
      appropriate for microtiter plates are presented and their conduct described.

PMID- 6378953
TI  - Early detection and intervention in diabetes mellitus: is it effective?

PMID- 6378954
TI  - Immunohistochemical detection of the estrogen-regulated 52,000 mol wt protein in
      primary breast cancers but not in normal breast and uterus.
AB  - An estrogen regulated glycoprotein of molecular weight 52,000 is released by
      metastatic human breast cancer cells in culture. In order to detect this protein
      directly in human tissues, several high affinity monoclonal antibodies were
      produced against the 52,000 mol wt protein. Frozen sections of human breast
      cancer samples were stained by the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase method using these
      antibodies. In 20 of 25 samples, specific immunoperoxidase staining was observed
      in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells with six monoclonal antibodies to the 52,000
      mol wt protein. The 5 samples that were not stained contained no detectable
      estrogen receptor. Epithelial cells were not stained in 6 normal mammary glands
      collected during reduction mammoplasties and in 9 normal uteri, whether tissues
      were collected during the follicular or luteal phase. The demonstration that the
      52,000 mol wt estrogen regulated protein is present in the cytoplasm of some
      primary breast cancers but absent in normal mammary tissue and uterus indicates
      its possible use as a tumor marker.

PMID- 6378955
TI  - Mast cell heterogeneity: evidence and implications.
AB  - Mast cells and basophils play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of allergic
      disease, although their physiologic role is largely unknown. A large body of
      evidence now indicates that the properties of mast cells are dependent on the
      tissue and species from which they are derived. Such mast cell heterogeneity
      encompasses differences in morphology, development, cytochemistry, and function.
      The evidence for such heterogeneity, and some of its clinical implications, is
      discussed.

PMID- 6378956
TI  - Azathioprine suppression of natural killer activity and antibody-dependent
      cellular cytotoxicity in renal transplant recipients.
AB  - The relative effects of azathioprine (AZA) and prednisone (PRED) on natural
      killer (NK) activity and the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of K
      (killer) cells and the number of FcR and other lymphoid cells were examined in
      renal transplant recipients. In addition to both long-term (greater than 6
      months) and short-term (less than 6 months) transplant recipients receiving
      conventional AZA-PRED therapy, an important group of long-term recipients
      receiving PRED but not AZA was studied for the first time. Both NK activity and
      ADCC are profoundly reduced in the long-term AZA-PRED group but are normal in the
      long-term PRED-alone (no-AZA) group. The short-term AZA-PRED group exhibits NK
      and ADCC levels significantly lower than normal but not as low as those of the
      long-term AZA-PRED group. Patient groups with low NK and ADCC also have low
      circulating Fc receptor-bearing (FcR) cells. A single patient in the long-term
      AZA-PRED group was removed from AZA therapy, and approximately 3 months was
      required for the patient's suppressed NK and ADCC to return to normal. These
      findings indicate that AZA rather than PRED is the major drug important in
      suppressing ADCC and NK activity in renal transplant recipients. Several months
      are required for combination AZA-PRED therapy to reduce these cytotoxic
      activities. Similarly, several months are required for suppressed ADCC and NK
      activity to return to normal upon discontinuation of AZA.

PMID- 6378957
TI  - [Cerebral hemisphere function and mental disorders].

PMID- 6378958
TI  - [Clinical investigations concerning the digital nerve suture using the
      microsurgical technique: with special reference to the evaluation of post
      operative results].

PMID- 6378959
TI  - [Influences of oral hypoglycemic agents on the beta-cell of the rabbit pancreas].

PMID- 6378960
TI  - [Studies on the measurement of antibody against an extracellular protein
      associated with nephritogenic streptococci by using the enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA)].

PMID- 6378961
TI  - Localization of H-2Kk in developing mouse teeth using monoclonal antibody.
AB  - The in situ distribution of H-2 antigens during mouse tooth morphogenesis was
      investigated using monoclonal antibodies to H-2Kk and indirect immunofluorescent
      techniques. H-2 antigens were detected in the basement membrane region of fetal
      molars; they were absent from both the epithelial and dental mesenchyme. H-2
      antigens were not found in newborn and 4-day-old mouse molars.

PMID- 6378962
TI  - In memoriam Samuel Pruzansky.

PMID- 6378963
TI  - Evaluation of the Culturette Brand Ten-Minute Group A Strep ID technique.
AB  - A direct extraction of the antigens of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci from
      557 throat swabs was performed by a new microtechnique of the nitrous acid
      extraction method with the Culturette Brand Ten-Minute Strep ID technique from
      Marion Scientific, Division of Marion Laboratories, Inc., Kansas City, Mo. This
      group A latex reagent kit contains the reagents for the micronitrous acid
      extraction of throat swabs and does not require a centrifugation step in its
      protocol. There was a 99.3% (553 of 557) total agreement between the direct
      nitrous acid extraction-latex agglutination method and the standard culture
      method. The direct extraction method yielded an identification of 95.1% (78 of
      82) of the group A streptococci identified by the standard method. Throat swabs
      used for standard culture may also be extracted with nitrous acid for the
      detection of group A antigen. A 5-min nitrous acid extraction destroys the
      viability of bacteria associated with normal throat flora as well as group A
      streptococci and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This highly rapid method is simple
      to perform and requires no costly instrumentation. Accordingly, it would be most
      applicable in a hospital laboratory as well as in a physician's office.

PMID- 6378964
TI  - Simple screening method for beta-lactamase-positive and -negative ampicillin
      resistant Haemophilus influenzae isolates.
AB  - A simple, inexpensive method for screening for beta-lactamase-positive and beta
      lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae isolates was
      developed. Disks containing 10 micrograms of cloxacillin yielded no zone of
      inhibition when placed on chocolate agar plates inoculated with beta-lactamase
      positive (16 strains) or ampicillin-resistant (greater than or equal to 1
      microgram/ml) beta-lactamase-negative (10 strains) H. influenzae, whereas
      ampicillin-susceptible (less than or equal to 0.5 microgram/ml; 36 strains) H.
      influenzae almost always (92%) showed a zone of inhibition.

PMID- 6378965
TI  - Pathogenic properties of Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrheic
      commercial rabbits.
AB  - Thirty-two different strains of Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic
      commercial rabbits showing intestinal attachment of bacilli were studied. None of
      the strains produced thermostable or thermolabile enterotoxins, and none was
      invasive. Strains isolated from suckling rabbits attached in vitro to the brush
      borders of intestinal villi, whereas strains from weanling rabbits did not. After
      experimental infection of 5-week-old rabbits, the 26 strains isolated from weaned
      diarrheic rabbits attached to the epithelium of ileum, cecum, and colon, whereas
      only slight attachment was found after infection with the six strains isolated
      from suckling diarrheic rabbits. The former strains induced diarrhea in 87% of
      the rabbits, whereas the latter induced diarrhea in only 9% of inoculated
      rabbits. E. coli isolated from healthy rabbits did not cause diarrhea. Strains
      isolated from diarrheic suckling rabbits all belonged to serotype O109:K-:H2,
      whereas strains from diarrheic weaned rabbits belonged to at least eight
      different serogroups. It is suggested that two different mechanisms of E. coli
      enteropathy might exist in rabbits.

PMID- 6378966
TI  - Rapid visual detection of microorganisms in blood culture.
AB  - We describe a method and apparatus for rapid visual detection of microorganisms
      in blood cultures. In the 30-min procedure, a lysing reagent for the preferential
      digestion of blood cells and a concentration device which causes 1 ml of lysed
      specimen to pass through a portion (3 mm2) of a membrane filter (pore size, 0.6
      micron) were used. After the material remaining on the filter was Gram stained,
      the filter was mounted and examined microscopically. The ability to detect
      microorganisms in blood cultures was determined by spiking seven common blood
      pathogens into blood cultures prepared from the blood of healthy volunteers.
      Microorganism concentration in the cultures ranged from 1 to 1,000/ml. All of 34
      cultures with at least 100 CFU/ml were detected, 34 of 64 cultures with less than
      100 CFU/ml were detected, and 41 of 42 negative controls were correctly reported
      as negative.

PMID- 6378967
TI  - Evaluation of the four-hour rapid 20E system for identification of members of the
      family Enterobacteriaceae.
AB  - A study was conducted to compare the API Rapid 20E 4-h system (API System S.A.,
      France; commercially available in the U.S.A. under the name DMS Rapid E System;
      DMS Laboratories, Darts Mill, Flemington, N.J.), the API 20E 18- to 24-h system
      (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.), and a conventional media system to measure
      the ability of each to identify members of the family Enterobacteriaceae.
      Comparison tables rather than simple percentage agreement tables were generated
      to define the particular strengths and weaknesses of each system and to allow the
      laboratory to best use the data. The Rapid 20E compared quite favorably with
      conventional media. It yielded correct identifications with 95.9% of the isolates
      tested (API 20E, 98% identification rate). In 2.5% of the isolates, the Rapid 20E
      gave only genus identifications, and in 1.4% the organisms did not correspond to
      any key in the code book and could not be identified by the manufacturer's
      computer service. The ease of inoculation and the 4-h capability make the Rapid
      20E system an extremely attractive development in the field of bacterial
      identification.

PMID- 6378968
TI  - Aminoglycoside resistance among blood culture isolates.
AB  - A total of 633 blood culture isolates were collected from 1981 to 1982 from seven
      major Finnish hospitals, including all university central hospitals.
      Susceptibility of the strains to gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, and netilmicin
      was determined by the Sensititre microtiter procedure. Resistance against any of
      these agents occurred in 1.3 to 6.5% of all strains studied. In the Turku
      University Central Hospital, an increased number of tobramycin- and gentamicin
      resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis were found; the frequency of strains
      resistant to tobramycin was 57% and to gentamicin was 29% versus frequencies of
      16 and 18%, respectively, which were observed in the other hospitals. An
      explanation for this might be a change in the use of aminoglycosides in the Turku
      University Central Hospital; within 3 years, 1979 to 1981, the consumption of
      tobramycin and amikacin had increased 330 and 290%, respectively, whereas the use
      of gentamicin had decreased to 24% of that in the beginning of the period.
      Resistance against tobramycin was mediated by enzymes APH(2")-AAC(6') and
      ANT(4').

PMID- 6378969
TI  - Evaluation of a microtiter system for identification of anaerobic bacteria.
AB  - The Anaerobe Combo Panel (American MicroScan, Mahwah, N.J.) was evaluated for its
      ability to identify anaerobic bacteria. The frozen, 96-well panel utilizes 24
      biochemical reactions and four antimicrobial agents for species identification.
      The Anaerobe Combo Panel was used to test 114 clinical isolates of strict
      anaerobes. Reactions were read after 48 h, and the results were compared with
      those obtained with the PRAS II system (Scott Laboratories, Inc., Fiskeville,
      R.I.). Discrepancies between the two systems were resolved by gas-liquid
      chromatography. With the Anaerobe Combo Panel, 84% of the organisms were able to
      grow, and 89% of these were correctly identified to genus level and 78% to
      species level. The Anaerobe Combo Panel was easy to inoculate and read, but some
      of the reactions were difficult to interpret, and not all of the derived codes
      were found in the code book.

PMID- 6378970
TI  - Length dependence of changes in sarcoplasmic calcium concentration and
      myofibrillar calcium sensitivity in striated muscle fibres.

PMID- 6378971
TI  - High affinity monoclonal antibodies to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.
      Preparation and binding studies.
AB  - Two mouse hybridoma cell lines (50-1 and 50-11) secreting high affinity,
      monoclonal IgG antibodies (MCAs) against luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
      (LHRH) have been established. Measurements of binding affinity by both
      equilibrium and kinetic methods give dissociation constants (Kd) of 2.3-3.2 X 10(
      10) M for 50-1 and 3.0 X 10(-10) M for 50-11. Analysis of binding specificity
      show that both MCAs require the C-terminal glycine amide and adjacent 4 amino
      acids of LHRH for binding. The use of these MCAs in radioimmunoassay (RIA) is
      described.

PMID- 6378972
TI  - Distinction between epidermal antigens binding pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus
      foliaceus autoantibodies.
AB  - Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) are autoimmune blistering
      diseases in which antibodies develop to the cell surface of epidermal cells. In
      this study we sought to determine the antigenic specificity of antibodies in the
      sera of patients with PV and PF. Sera from 12 patients with PV were used to
      immunoprecipitate extracts of cultured human epidermal cells that were
      radiolabeled with 14C-amino acids. Immunoprecipitates were identified by SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and fluorography. All 12 PV sera
      precipitated a protein which, when reduced, displayed chains of 130,000 and
      80,000 mol wt on SDS-PAGE. Electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions
      identified a 210,000-mol wt molecule, which was presumably formed by disulfide
      crosslinking of the 130,000 and 80,000-mol wt chains. Immunoprecipitates of
      epidermal cell extracts that were labeled with 14C-glucosamine indicated that the
      130,000-mol wt chain. Seven of eight PF sera, which were run concurrently with
      the PV sera in this immunoprecipitation assay, did not precipitate this
      glycoprotein, nor did they specifically precipitate any protein. To determine if
      a specific molecule which reacted with antibodies in PF sera could be identified,
      we used immunoblot analysis of extracts of normal human epidermis. The proteins
      in these extracts were reduced, separated by SDS-PAGE, and electrophoretically
      transferred to nitrocellulose sheets or to 2-aminophenylthioether paper.
      Immunoperoxidase staining of the transferred proteins with PF sera indicated that
      four of eight PF sera contained antibodies that stained a protein band of 160,000
      mol wt. Indirect immunofluorescence, using normal human skin as the substrate,
      indicated that IgG that was eluted from this protein band stained the epidermis
      in a cell surface pattern. PV sera did not specifically recognize any bands by
      immunoblot analysis. Immunoblots performed with PV antigen that was
      immunoprecipitated from cell culture extracts suggested that, once denatured for
      SDS-PAGE, PV antigen is no longer immunoreactive. Taken together, these data
      indicate that: autoantibodies contained in PV sera from various patients have a
      unique molecular specificity; autoantibodies from most PF sera have a specificity
      different from that of PV autoantibodies; and autoantibodies from various PF
      patients may not have identical antigenic specificities. These differences in
      antigenic specificity between PV and PF sera may account for the clinical and
      histologic differences between these diseases.

PMID- 6378973
TI  - B cell origin of non-T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A model for discrete
      stages of neoplastic and normal pre-B cell differentiation.
AB  - The expression of B cell associated and restricted antigens on tumor cells
      isolated from 138 patients with non-T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (non-T
      cell ALL) was investigated by flow cytometric analysis by means of a panel of
      monoclonal antibodies. Tumor cells from these patients could be assigned to one
      of four subgroups: human leukocyte antigen-DR-related Ia-like antigens (Ia) alone
      (4%, stage I); IaB4 (14%, stage II); IaB4CALLA (33%, stage III); and IaB4CALLAB1
      (49%, stage IV). The expression of B cell-restricted antigens (B4 and B1) and
      rearrangements of Ig heavy chain genes provided strong evidence for the B cell
      lineage of stages II, III, and IV tumors. The lineage of the Ia alone group is
      still unknown. The B4 antigen was expressed on approximately 95% of all non-T
      cell ALLs tested, and given its absence on T cell and myeloid tumors, it appears
      to be an exceptional marker to define cells of B lineage. The demonstration that
      Ia alone, IaB4, IaB4CALLA, and IaB4CALLAB1 positive cells can be readily
      identified by dual fluorescence analysis in normal fetal and adult bone marrow
      provided critical support for the view that these leukemic pre-B cell phenotypes
      were representative of the stages of normal pre-B cell differentiation. It was
      interesting that the IaB4+ cell was more frequently identified in fetal bone
      marrow than in adult marrow, whereas the predominant cell found in adult marrow
      expressed the IaB4CALLAB1 phenotype. These data suggest that the leukemogenic
      event may be random, since the predominant pre-B cell leukemic phenotype appears
      to correspond to the normal pre-B cell phenotype present in these hematopoietic
      organs. Our observations provide an additional distinction between adult and
      childhood ALL, since these studies show that most non-T cell ALLs seen in
      children less than 2 yr old are of stage II phenotype, whereas the majority of
      non-T ALLs in adults are of stage IV phenotype. Finally, it should be noted that
      the present study suggests that the analysis of leukemic B cell phenotypes and
      their normal counterparts can provide a mechanism for the investigation and
      orderly definition of stages of pre-B cell differentiation in man.

PMID- 6378975
TI  - Abnormalities in very low, low and high density lipoproteins in
      hypertriglyceridemia. Reversal toward normal with bezafibrate treatment.
AB  - The effects of triglyceridemia on plasma lipoproteins were investigated in 16
      hypertriglyceridemic (HTG) subjects (222-2,500 mg/dl) before and after the
      initiation of bezafibrate therapy. Bezafibrate caused a mean reduction of 56% in
      plasma triglyceride and increased the levels of lipoprotein and hepatic
      triglyceride lipases by 260 and 213%, respectively. The natures of very low
      density lipoprotein (VLDL), isolated at plasma density and of low and high
      density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL), separated by zonal ultracentrifugation, were
      determined. HTG-LDL appears as multiple fractions whereas HTG-HDL is seen
      predominantly as HDL3. HTG-VLDL is relatively poor in apoproteins and
      triglycerides but enriched in free and esterified cholesterol. HTG-LDL (main
      fraction) is depleted of free and esterified cholesterol but enriched in
      apoprotein and triglyceride. It is also denser and smaller than normal. HTG-HDL3
      is denser than N-HDL3 and demonstrates compositional abnormalities similar to
      those of HTG-LDL. With the reduction of the VLDL mass, all abnormalities revert
      towards normal. This is accompanied by an increase in LDL-apoprotein B and
      cholesterol levels, which indicates an increased conversion of VLDL to LDL.
      Significant correlations between plasma triglyceride and the degree of all
      abnormalities are shown. The data obtained during treatment corroborate these
      relationships. The observations support the concept that most abnormalities
      reflect the degree of triglyceridemia. We suggest that plasma core-lipid transfer
      protein(s) is an effector of the abnormal cholesteryl ester distribution. Its
      prolonged action on increasingly large and slowly metabolized VLDL populations
      would entail a correspondingly excessive transfer of cholesteryl ester to VLDL
      and of triglyceride to LDL and HDL. It is calculated that, in moderate HTG, LDL
      and HDL contain only 50% of the normal cholesterol load. It is suggested that
      cholesteryl ester redistribution in HTG might be important in regulating
      metabolic events.

PMID- 6378976
TI  - Reed-Sternberg/lymphocyte rosette: lymphocyte subpopulations as defined by
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - The Reed-Sternberg cell/lymphocyte rosette characteristic of Hodgkin's disease
      tissue and cell suspensions was investigated with monoclonal antibodies on fresh
      viable cell suspensions prepared from nine cases of Hodgkin's disease. The biopsy
      material comprised six spleens and three lymph nodes. The majority of the
      rosetting lymphocytes were T cells, primarily of the helper subset. Some of the
      attached lymphocytes were suppressor T cells. In addition, a few of the rosetting
      lymphocytes around Reed-Sternberg cells were B cells.

PMID- 6378974
TI  - Role of hydrogen peroxide in the neutrophil-mediated release of prostacyclin from
      cultured endothelial cells.
AB  - We have examined the effect of activated neutrophils on the release of
      prostacyclin (PGI2) from cultured endothelial cells by radioimmunoassay and thin
      layer chromatography of its stable metabolite, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6
      keto-PGF1 alpha). Phorbol myristate acetate-activated neutrophils induced a time-
      and dose-dependent release of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha from human and bovine endothelial
      cell monolayers, whereas phorbol myristate acetate alone and neutrophils alone
      did not. Pretreatment of the endothelial cells with aspirin prevented neutrophil
      mediated 6-keto-PGF1 alpha release, indicating that it did not depend upon
      neutrophil-generated endoperoxides. Phorbol myristate acetate-activated
      neutrophils from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease failed to induce
      endothelial 6-keto-PGF1 alpha release. Addition of catalase but not of superoxide
      dismutase significantly reduced human and bovine endothelial 6-keto-PGF1 alpha
      release by phorbol myristate acetate-activated neutrophils. Catalase-inhibitable
      endothelial 6-keto-PGF1 alpha release was also observed after the addition of the
      hydrogen peroxide-generating system, glucose-glucose oxidase, to bovine and human
      endothelial cell monolayers. Bovine endothelial 6-keto-PGF1 alpha release induced
      by exogenously generated hydrogen peroxide was attenuated by the phospholipase
      inhibitor mepacrine, suggesting that hydrogen peroxide may act by triggering
      endothelial membrane phospholipase activation. The release of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha
      by enzymatically or neutrophil-generated hydrogen peroxide was not associated
      with endothelial cell lysis as assessed by 51Cr release. We conclude that
      exogenously generated hydrogen peroxide or a hydrogen peroxide-derived product
      mediates rapid nonlytic release of PGI2 from cultured endothelial cells.

PMID- 6378977
TI  - Fibronectin as an opsonic regulator of monocyte phagocytosis.
AB  - Experiments using human monocytes and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have
      shown that fibronectin is a major plasma opsonin. Further studies have shown that
      fibronectin promotes the ingestion as well as the adherence of micro-organisms.
      These observations are independent of the non-physiological concentrations of
      heparin used in other assay systems.

PMID- 6378978
TI  - Impaired opsonophagocytosis of serotypes Ib and II of group B streptococci as
      compared with serotypes Ia and III: role of the alternative pathway of complement
      in opsonisation of serotype III of group B streptococci.
AB  - Using the technique of phagocytic chemiluminescence, we have shown that serotypes
      Ib and II of group B streptococci are resistant to opsonophagocytosis. The
      resistant strains became susceptible to opsonophagocytosis by trypsin treatment,
      but neuraminidase had no effect. Several studies have failed to define a
      significant role for the alternative pathway of complement in opsonisation of
      group B streptococci. By simple chelation and heat inactivation studies, we have
      shown that the alternative pathway of complement is activated by serotype III of
      group B streptococci.

PMID- 6378979
TI  - Comparison of the Vi indirect fluorescent antibody test with the Widal
      agglutination method in the serodiagnosis of typhoid fever.
AB  - The indirect fluorescent antibody test using a whole Salmonella typhi Vi
      suspension as the antigen has been evaluated for the diagnosis of typhoid fever.
      Results using sera from 140 patients with S typhi infections proved on culture
      show the test to have good sensitivity. The test appears to be highly specific,
      although it has not yet been investigated with respect to typhoid vaccination or
      in the context of infections due to salmonellas other than S typhi.

PMID- 6378980
TI  - Serum placental type alkaline phosphatase in cigarette smokers.
AB  - By means of enzyme immunoassays based on two monoclonal antibodies with
      specificities for distinct forms of placental type alkaline phosphatase (Pl-ALP),
      together with L-leucine inhibition studies, it has been possible to distinguish
      the Nagao type carcinoplacental enzyme from other placental type alkaline
      phosphatases. This approach has shown that it is the Nagao type (placental like)
      enzyme which is detectable in small amounts in the plasma of healthy individuals,
      particularly cigarette smokers.

PMID- 6378981
TI  - Optimal use of the cationic polyelectrolyte poly-L-lysine in the preparation of
      cell monolayers for diagnostic cytopathology.

PMID- 6378982
TI  - Semiautomated method for quantitative urine culture.

PMID- 6378983
TI  - Overcoming the hazards of storing cultures in liquid nitrogen.

PMID- 6378984
TI  - Treatment of localized juvenile periodontitis. Results after 5 years.
AB  - The present investigation was performed to study the effect on localized juvenile
      periodontitis (LJP) of a treatment program which included tetracycline
      administration, surgical elimination of inflamed tissues, scaling and root
      planing, and careful plaque control during healing. Treatment of LJP lesions was
      carried out on 16 individuals aged 14 to 18 years (JP group). Lesions in first
      molars and incisors in a group of patients with adult periodontal disease (AP)
      were treated in an identical manner and served as controls. The presence of
      angular bony defects adjacent to first molars and incisors was first documented
      in all patients. Thereafter, a clinical examination was carried out, including
      assessments of oral hygiene status, gingival conditions, probing depths and
      attachment levels. The patients were subjected to a treatment program involving
      administration of tetracycline (250 mg 4 times per day for 2 weeks), removal of
      granulation tissue after flap elevation, and root curettage. After surgery, the
      patients were instructed to rinse the mouth with 0.2% chlorhexidine for 2 min
      twice a day during the first 2 postsurgical weeks. Professional tooth cleaning
      was carried out once every 3 months during a 5-year period. At 6, 12, 24 and 60
      months after surgical treatment, the patients were re-examined regarding oral
      hygiene, gingival conditions, probing depths and attachment levels. Treatment of
      LJP lesions resulted in resolution of gingival inflammation, gain of clinical
      attachment, and refill of bone in angular bony defects. The healing of the
      lesions of this patient sample was similar to healing observed in patients with
      AP.

PMID- 6378986
TI  - Long-term effect of surgical/non-surgical treatment of periodontal disease.
AB  - The present investigation describes the effect of periodontal therapy in a group
      of patients who, following active treatment, were monitored over a 5-year period.
      One aim of the study was to analyze the role played by the patients' self
      performed plaque control in preventing recurrent periodontitis. In addition,
      probing depth and attachment level alterations were studied separately for sites
      with initial probing depths of greater than or equal to 4 mm which were treated
      initially by either surgical or non-surgical procedures. Following active
      treatment (surgical/non-surgical), the patients were maintained on a plaque
      control regimen for 6 months, which included professional tooth cleaning once
      every 2 weeks. During the subsequent 18 months, the interval between the recall
      appointments was extended to 12 weeks and included prophylaxis as well as oral
      hygiene instruction. Following the 24-month examination, the interval between the
      recall appointments was further extended, now to 4-6 months. In addition, the
      maintenance program was restricted to oral hygiene instruction and professional,
      supragingival tooth cleaning, but further subgingival instrumentation was
      avoided. Clinical examinations including assessments of the oral hygiene, the
      gingival conditions, the probing depths and the attachment levels were performed
      at Baseline and after 24 and 60 months after completion of active therapy.
      Assessments of plaque and gingivitis were repeated annually. The results of the
      examinations showed that the patients' standard of self-maintained oral hygiene
      had a decisive influence on the long-term effect of treatment. Patients who
      during the 5 years of monitoring consistently had a high frequency of plaque-free
      tooth surfaces showed little evidence of recurrent periodontal disease, while
      patients who had a low frequency of plaque-free tooth surfaces had a high
      frequency of sites showing additional loss of attachment. The present findings
      demonstrated that sites with an initial pocket depth exceeding 3 mm responded
      equally well to non-surgical and surgical treatments. This statement is based on
      probing depth and attachment level data from sites which were free of plaque at
      the 6-, 12-, 24-, 36-, 48-, and 60-month reexaminations. It is suggested that the
      critical determinant in periodontal therapy is not the technique (surgical or non
      surgical) that is used for the elimination of the subgingival infection, but the
      quality of the debridement of the root surface.

PMID- 6378985
TI  - Influence of variations in projection geometry on the detectability of
      periodontal bone lesions. A comparison between subtraction radiography and
      conventional radiographic technique.
AB  - The influence of differences in imaging geometry on the detection of small
      periodontal bone lesions was studied when using a digital subtraction technique.
      The results were compared with those from conventional radiographs. Reference
      radiographs were obtained on human mandibular jaws before small lesions were made
      in the marginal alveolar bone. Subsequent radiographs were taken with the same
      imaging projection as well as with changes of the angulation in either vertical,
      or horizontal direction, or both. 10 dentists served as observers, who compared
      the conventional radiographs taken before and after the lesions were made, and
      registered the presence or absence of lesions using a diagnostic rating scale.
      The conventional radiographs were digitized, and subtraction images made. These
      images were interpreted by the same observers. For each observer, image modality
      and projection, the resulting rates of true positive and false positive diagnoses
      were plotted on a graph. The area under the curve, obtained by connecting the
      paired values of true positive and false positive results associated with the
      different diagnostic ratings, was used as a measure of diagnostic accuracy.
      Statistically significant differences could be demonstrated between the results
      obtained from the subtraction images, whether produced from identical or non
      identical pairs of conventional radiographs, and the results from the
      conventional radiographs obtained under ideal conditions.

PMID- 6378987
TI  - Simple bacteriological methods to assess changes in subgingival microflora
      produced by metronidazole-containing acrylic strips placed into periodontal
      pockets.
AB  - Dark field microscopy is perhaps the simplest microbiological technique to
      monitor the effects of treatment methods on bacterial plaque. However, the method
      provides qualitative rather than true quantitative data. This study attempts to
      measure changes in flora by a number of methods following the placement of 40%
      metronidazole acrylic strips into periodontal pockets. 10 patients with
      periodontal pockets greater than 6 mm which bled on probing had acrylic strips
      placed for 2 to 3 days. Prior to insertion and after removal, subgingival plaque
      samples were collected into 1 ml of saline and processed as follows. (a) Dark
      field microscopy for qualitative shifts. (b) Gram stain for differential counts.
      (c) Counting chamber for total counts. (d) Serial dilution and culture for total
      cultivable counts. After treatment the significant changes were as follows. (a) %
      increase in cocci and decreases in other forms, particularly motile organisms.
      (b) Gram-positive cocci increased and Gram-negative bacilli decreased. (c) Total
      counts obtained by the sampling method decreased greater than 80%. (d) Total
      cultivable counts decreased greater than 75%. (e) The efficiency of culturing
      appeared low and the potential problems of sampling to quantification were
      identified. The consistency of the changes produced suggested that using simple
      bacteriological techniques it was possible to show marked changes in the numbers
      and types of organism present in subgingival plaque following the use of local
      antimicrobial therapy.

PMID- 6378988
TI  - Diltiazem in the treatment of mild or moderate essential hypertension. Comparison
      with metoprolol in a crossover double-blind trial.
AB  - The antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of a calcium antagonist drug,
      diltiazem (60 mg q.i.d. per os), was compared with that of metoprolol (100 mg
      b.i.d. pr os) in a crossover, double-blind randomized trial in 20 patients with
      mild or moderate essential hypertension. Blood pressure and heart rate were
      assessed at rest and during bicycle exercise before and after four-week periods
      of treatment. Both metoprolol and diltiazem reduced significantly systolic and
      diastolic blood pressure, while heart rate decreased only after metoprolol
      therapy. The reduction in blood pressure and the percentage of patients who
      responded favorably were similar with the two drugs. Furthermore, the overall
      levels of blood pressure during exercise were significantly reduced by both
      treatments, while only metoprolol was able to reduce the maximum increase in
      systolic blood pressure and heart rate induced by exercise. These results suggest
      that the use of diltiazem may be appropriate to the treatment of patients with
      mild or moderate essential hypertension.

PMID- 6378989
TI  - Distribution of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) in the brain of the teleost
      Gasterosteus aculeatus L.
AB  - The distributions of serotoninergic neurons in the brain of the three-spined
      stickleback was demonstrated with the indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP)
      immunohistochemical method with antibodies against serotonin. Serotoninergic
      perikarya were demonstrated in the brainstem reticular formation (nucleus raphe
      dorsalis, nucleus raphe medialis, and nucleus tegmenti dorsalis lateralis) and in
      the periventricular ventral thalamus and hypothalamus (nucleus ventromedialis
      thalami, nucleus posterioris periventricularis, nucleus recessus lateralis, and
      nucleus recessus posterioris). After pharmacological pretreatment of the animals
      with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, serotoninergic perikarya were also visualized
      in area praetectalis and in the medial brainstem, caudal to nucleus raphe
      medialis. Whereas the cell groups of the brainstem give rise to both ascending
      and descending pathways, it was not possible to analyze the distribution of
      efferent projections from the diencephalic cell groups. Distribution of
      serotoninergic axons showed marked regional differences. Only scattered varicose
      fibers were demonstrated in the cerebellum, the facial lobes, and the lateral
      line lobes. In the mesencephalon, the dorsal periventricular tegmentum and the
      central gray receive only small numbers of serotoninergic axons, while torus
      semicircularis and the visual layers of tectum opticum are profusely innervated.
      In the diencephalon, the hypothalamus and ventral thalamus generally display the
      highest density of serotoninergic axons. Exceptions are found in nucleus
      glomerulosus and the ventromedial portion of lobus inferioris, where densities
      are low. In the telencephalon, the density of serotoninergic axons is very high
      in area dorsalis pars medialis and pars lateralis dorsalis, but low in area
      dorsalis pars dorsalis and pars lateralis ventralis, and intermediate in area
      ventralis.

PMID- 6378990
TI  - Postnatal development of the serotonin innervation of the hippocampus and dentate
      gyrus following raphe implants.
AB  - Serotoninergic (5-HT) neurons derived from the embryonic raphe nuclear area
      (brainstem, embryonic days (E 16-18) were implanted into the entorhinal cortex of
      6-day-old (P6) neonatal rat recipients which had received a fimbria lesion and
      entorhinal cortex ablation on P3. The hippocampus, dentate gyrus, and the raphe
      implant area were examined with 5-HT immunohistochemistry 7, 14, 21, 30, and 60
      days after implantation. The pattern of 5-HT reinnervation was compared to that
      of normal and lesioned animals, and to previous studies in which rats received
      septal or striatal implants. In the hippocampus adjacent to the implant 5-HT
      immunoreactive fibers were first observed by 7 days postimplantation and
      increased in density and in their septotemporal and dorsoventral extent with
      increasing time postimplantation. Moderately dense fiber networks were diffusely
      distributed in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus at 30 and 60 days postimplant.
      Little, if any, indication of lamination was present. Retrogradely labeled
      neurons (the majority of which contained 5-HT immunoreactivity) were observed in
      the raphe implant following injections of Fast Blue into the hippocampal
      formation. A few retrogradely labeled cells did not contain 5-HT, methionine
      enkephalin (ME), or substance P (SP) immunoreactivity, although ME- and SP-
      immunoreactive neurons were observed in the implants. The lamination patterns and
      the increased density of 5-HT-immunoreactive fibers following a raphe implant
      into the entorhinal cortex clearly differ from the normal 5-HT pattern and from
      the patterns of lamination following a striatal or septal implant.

PMID- 6378991
TI  - Zinc in mammalian sperm: a review.
AB  - The relationship of zinc to morphologic, physiologic, and metabolic functions in
      the male reproductive system are summarized, and gaps in current understanding
      are pointed out. Semen and its constituents generally contain high zinc, although
      concentrations vary among animals and species; the relationships between zinc and
      fertility of semen is unclear. During zinc deficiency, retarded development of
      testicular growth involved marked atrophy of tubular epithelium and reduced
      deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, and protein, as well as reduced zinc
      contents of testis, epididymis, and dorsolateral prostate. Functions of zinc in
      hormone interrelationships are little understood, but zinc deficiency decreases
      output of pituitary gonadotrophins and androgen production, and zinc turnover
      involves testosterone as well as pituitary hormones. Metabolic regulation of
      sperm appears to be mediated through zinc as a regulator of enzyme activity in
      the semen. Within spermatozoa, zinc is closely associated with sulfhydryl groups
      and disulfide linkages and is concentrated in the tail. Control of motility of
      sperm by zinc apparently involves control of energy utilization through adenosine
      triphosphate systems involved in contraction and through regulation of
      phospholipid energy reserves. The many roles for zinc in the male reproductive
      system are extremely complex and scarcely understood. The importance of zinc
      contents of commonly utilized feedstuffs in relation to reproductive capabilities
      of the mammalian sperm remain unclear, although zinc deficiency in relation to
      male reproduction may be much more widespread than is recognized commonly.

PMID- 6378992
TI  - Reproductive and metabolic characteristics of dairy cattle supplemented with beta
      carotene.
AB  - Seventy-eight Holstein cows alternately were assigned at calving to receive beta
      carotene supplementation or act as controls to determine effects of beta-carotene
      on reproduction and carotene, luteinizing hormone, progesterone, insulin,
      glucose, and glucagon concentrations in blood plasma. Cows were fed a corn silage
      based complete ration. Biweekly jugular blood samples were collected beginning
      the week after parturition through 90 days. At day 30, supplemented cows received
      600 mg synthetic beta-carotene daily for 60 days. Plasma carotene reached a peak
      of 2.45 micrograms/ml compared to 1.50 micrograms/ml in controls. Supplementation
      significantly increased plasma carotene but had no effect on luteinizing hormone,
      progesterone, insulin, glucose, glucagon, or reproductive measures. Days to first
      heat, days to first breeding, days open, and services per conception averaged 74,
      74, 95, and 1.7 for supplemented cows and 64, 76, 102, and 1.9 for control cows.
      Progesterone increased as lactation progressed. Somatic cells were not different
      between supplemented and control cows. Supplementation of beta-carotene did not
      improve reproductive efficiency or alter luteinizing hormone, progesterone,
      insulin, glucose, or glucagon in blood plasma or affect somatic cells in milk.

PMID- 6378993
TI  - Relationships between linear type scores, objective type measures, and indicators
      of mastitis.
AB  - Objectives were to examine the usefulness of objective measures of conformation
      and linear scores for type for predicting indicators of mastitis. Approximately
      300 cows in five herds were scored in the experimental linear classification
      program of the Holstein-Friesian Association of America, measured objectively for
      numerous components of conformation, and evaluated for four indicators of
      mastitis. Indicators of mastitis were average natural logarithm of somatic cell
      counts during the lactation, percent of samples (taken approximately every 3 mo)
      infected during a lactation, percent of samples infected with Staphylococcus
      aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and percent of
      samples with signs of mastitic milk. Relationships between conformation and
      mastitis often were inconsistent because of moderate or low correlations between
      indicators of mastitis. Indicators of mastitis were predicted from results of
      multiple regression analyses with subjective scores and objective measures of
      type as independent variables. Largest differences of predicted indicators of
      mastitis from variation in any single type trait were sufficient to be important
      economically, but average differences were much smaller. Selection to reduce
      frequencies of cows with deep udders, especially low rear udders, widely placed
      teats, rear teats too far back, and teats that are short and wide, may augment,
      modestly, efforts to reduce incidence of mastitis through improved sanitation,
      antibiotic treatment, and proper milking procedures.

PMID- 6378994
TI  - Effect of vitamin E and selenium supplementation on incidence of clinical
      mastitis and duration of clinical symptoms.
AB  - Incidence of clinical mastitis and duration of clinical symptoms for complete
      lactations were evaluated for 80 cows randomly assigned to one of four groups:
      vitamin E supplemented- and selenium injected, selenium injected, vitamin E
      supplemented, and controls. Vitamin E supplementation and selenium injection were
      during the dry period. Log-linear analysis of incidence data revealed a
      significant 37% reduction of clinical mastitis by vitamin E. Incidence was not
      affected by selenium alone, nor was there any evidence for interaction of vitamin
      E with selenium on incidence. However, duration of clinical symptoms (calendar
      months clinical/quarter lactating) was reduced by 46% for the selenium group, 44%
      for the vitamin E group, and 62% for the vitamin E-selenium group as compared to
      controls. We conclude that dairy cow diets deficient of vitamin E may elevate
      incidence of clinical mastitis. Selenium deficiency may result in greater
      duration of clinical symptoms, and selenium may interact with vitamin E. Coliform
      bacteria and species of streptococcus other than Streptococcus agalactiae were
      isolated from 70% of the clinical cases.

PMID- 6378995
TI  - Reduced set of phages for typing Escherichia coli.
AB  - A phage typing set composed of 32 phages is described for differentiating
      Escherichia coli. Eight hundred sixty-six isolates from cases of bovine mastitis
      were used in this effort. Of these cultures 829, or 96%, were characterized
      successfully, and 178 phage types were observed. Thirty-seven isolates were not
      typable.

PMID- 6378996
TI  - Evaluation of linear dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid teat dip under experimental
      challenge.
AB  - Linear dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid at 1.94% was evaluated as a teat dip in two
      experimental challenge trials. Each trial was 4 wk, and a half udder design was
      used. In the first trial the product reduced incidence of intramammary infection
      with Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29740) by 82.5%. Incidence of infection with
      Streptococcus agalactiae (ATCC 27956) was reduced nonsignificantly 19.5%.
      Ineffectiveness was attributed to challenge with Streptococcus agalactiae at
      concentrations higher than previously used. In a second trial of only
      Streptococcus agalactiae, infections were reduced 56.9%; concentrations of
      challenge suspensions were those routinely used.

PMID- 6378997
TI  - Efficacy of a latex teat sealer.
AB  - In the first of two experiments, efficacy of a latex teat sealer product was
      tested under field conditions on 32 cows that had one side of the udder dipped
      with the test product and the other left as the control. Number of new coliform,
      staphylococcal, or streptococcal infections in treated quarters was not reduced
      from controls. In a second experiment, effectiveness of this product as a
      protective sealer was investigated on six cows dip challenged with a broth
      containing 1 million Escherichia coli/ml. On sealed teats the challenge was
      applied on top of the dried film. The challenge organism was recovered from 33%
      of treated quarters and 42% of control quarters 6 h after exposure. Organisms
      were recovered from none of the quarters by 31 h postchallenge.

PMID- 6378998
TI  - Uptake on postmilking teat antisepsis.
AB  - A review of postmilking teat antisepsis in the control of mastitis is presented.
      History, development, and evaluation of teat dipping are summarized. General
      usage procedures are discussed, and limitations and hazards are described.
      Current recommendations for development of efficacy data on teat dips are
      outlined. Results of efficacy studies of several classes and formulations of teat
      dips are compiled.

PMID- 6378999
TI  - Effects of feeding frequency on glucose concentration, glucose turnover, and
      insulin concentration in steers.
AB  - Patterns of diurnal variation of glucose production, utilization, and
      concentration and of variation of insulin concentration in blood plasma were
      studied. Four Holstein steers (200 kg) were in a switchback design. Each received
      4.6 kg of 70% chopped alfalfa hay and 30% dry cracked corn daily, either as two
      equal meals at 12-h intervals or 12 equal meals at 2-h intervals. None of mean
      daily glucose production, utilization, and concentration nor mean insulin
      concentration was affected by feeding frequency. In response to feeding, insulin
      was released simultaneously with increased glucose production, suggesting that
      glucose production and insulin release are regulated by a common effector system.
      Feeding twice daily resulted in a sinusoidal pattern of glucose specific
      radioactivity. On the basis of changes of glucose concentration, glucose
      utilization closely followed production. Within-day variation of glucose
      production for steers fed twice daily was greater than indicated by variation of
      glucose concentration. Such variation of production will lead to errors in
      estimates of glucose production from short (less than 12 h) isotope infusion
      experiments with steers fed twice daily. Conversely, daily glucose production was
      not different for steers fed twice or 12 times daily; therefore, frequent feeding
      is both necessary and appropriate for investigations of glucose kinetics.

PMID- 6379000
TI  - Counteractive effects of propionate or 1,2-propanediol against hypoglycemia and
      ketonemia of tributyrin-treated cows.
AB  - We administered tributyrin (500 ml), tributyrin (500 ml) plus magnesium
      propionate (400 g), tributyrin (500 ml) plus sodium propionate (400 g), or
      tributyrin (500 ml) plus 1,2-propanediol (400 ml) as a single dose into rumens of
      lactating cows and then measured in blood the plasma concentrations of glucose,
      acetoacetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, free fatty acids, and insulin as a function of
      time. Tributyrin administration caused hypoglycemia and hyperketonemia similar to
      the ketotic condition in less than 3 h and was a negative correlation of --.88
      between glucose and ketone concentrations in blood plasma. Administration of
      either magnesium propionate, sodium propionate, or 1,2-propanediol could
      counteract the hypoglycemia and hyperketonemia induced by tributyrin
      administration without significantly changing the insulin response. Of the two
      propionate compounds, magnesium propionate was more effective than sodium
      propionate for alleviating hypoglycemia and hyperketonemia.

PMID- 6379001
TI  - Considerations in multiple trait evaluation.
AB  - Traits of dairy cattle known to contribute to genetic merit are discussed
      briefly. Focus is on alternative measures and research to reflect more closely
      genetic pathways of performance because knowledge is expanding about cellular,
      organ, and animal function. Improved measurement of physiological traits of
      economic characters portends increased genetic control of animal productivity by
      considering more alternative traits. Research should clarify multiple trait
      selection programs to maximize profit. The null hypothesis to test is that
      selection for milk is optimal index selection for milk income and costs of
      production.

PMID- 6379002
TI  - Preventing relapse to cigarette smoking by behavioral skill training.

PMID- 6379003
TI  - The influence of sprue design on cobalt chromium alloy casting defects.

PMID- 6379004
TI  - Dental materials: 1981 literature review. Part 2.

PMID- 6379005
TI  - [Complete impressions with thiokol elastomers using customized chambered
      impression trays in fixed dentures].

PMID- 6379007
TI  - Computer correction of projective distortions in dental radiographs.
AB  - Distortions in radiographic images caused by changes in shape and position of the
      film relative to the x-ray beam can result in registration artifacts which
      interfere with interpretation of subtracted images. A warping transformation is
      described which maps known points of reference in one image into homologous
      points in another. The corrected image pair can then be superimposed and
      subtracted with significantly-reduced differences in registration to facilitate
      the detection of localized changes of diagnostic interest.

PMID- 6379006
TI  - The effect of chronic isoproterenol administration on the plasma membrane of
      acinar cells in rat submandibular gland.
AB  - The effect of chronic administration of isoproterenol on the plasma membrane of
      acinar cells in the rat submandibular gland was studied by biochemical and
      immunohistochemical methods, using dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) IV as a marker
      enzyme. Chronic isoproterenol treatment led to a marked reduction of DPP IV
      activity as well as of its immunoreactivity in the gland. Its effect
      progressively increased with the age of the animals. The present study showed
      that chronic treatment with isoproterenol caused a qualitative alteration of the
      plasma membrane of the luminal surface in acinar cells of the rat submandibular
      gland, and that the effect of the drug on the plasma membrane was dependent on
      the developmental stage of the acinar cells of the gland.

PMID- 6379008
TI  - Cusp reinforcement by the acid-etch technique.
AB  - Strain gauges were mounted on 12 maxillary pre-molars which were subjected to a
      sequence of restorative procedures for MOD preparations. An occlusal stress was
      applied using servohydraulics, and the cuspal flexure was assessed using a strain
      gauge. Two bonded and three non-bonded restorative procedures were tested for
      each tooth. The two bonded conditions showed significantly higher cuspal
      reinforcement when compared with the MOD preparation and the non-bonded
      restorative procedures. The non-bonded restorations showed some intragroup
      differences, with one non-bonded composite showing useful cuspal reinforcement.
      However, this was much less than that afforded by the bonded technique. The
      deformation of the cusp under occlusal force in restorations bonded by the acid
      etch technique showed much less hysteresis when compared with non-bonded
      restorations.

PMID- 6379009
TI  - Regulation of tight junctional permeability in the rat parotid gland by autonomic
      agonists.
AB  - The permeability of tight junctions in the rat parotid gland to the
      ultrastructural tracer myoglobin (m.w. 17,800) was investigated after in vivo
      stimulation by autonomic drugs. At various times after administration of beta
      adrenergic (isoproterenol), alpha-adrenergic (methoxamine), or cholinergic
      (methacholine) agonists, the parotid duct was cannulated, and a solution of
      myoglobin was allowed to flow by gravity (16 mm Hg) into the gland for one hr. In
      resting glands, cytochemical reaction product for myoglobin was localized in the
      luminal space of acini and ducts. The tracer was also localized to the luminal
      space after stimulation with methacholine and methoxamine. In contrast, one to
      four hr after isoproterenol stimulation, reaction product was present in the
      intercellular and interstitial spaces of the gland. At later times after
      stimulation (from six to 24 hr), the tracer was again restricted to the luminal
      space of the acini and ducts. These results indicate that isoproterenol
      stimulation causes a transient increase in tight junctional permeability, whereas
      stimulation with methoxamine or methacholine does not change junctional
      permeability to myoglobin.

PMID- 6379010
TI  - A model system to demonstrate the role of cavitational activity in ultrasonic
      scaling.
AB  - A model system consisting of vacuum-deposited aluminum on glass was developed to
      demonstrate the effectiveness of cavitational activity (occurring within the
      cooling water supply of a dental ultrasonic scaler) in the removal of particulate
      material from solid surfaces. The amount of solid material removed from the model
      system by this cavitational activity was quantified by a spectrophotometric
      technique. It was shown that cavitational activity occurring within the cooling
      water is an important contributory factor in the cleaning efficacy of the
      ultrasonic scaler operated under conditions similar to those employed clinically.

PMID- 6379011
TI  - The loop stitch.

PMID- 6379012
TI  - Enhancing the survival of full-thickness grafts.
AB  - The primary factors relating to the survival of full-thickness skin grafts have
      been discussed in addition to preoperative planning considerations, technical
      considerations, and postoperative care techniques that minimize problems.
      Postoperative dermabrasion revision to improve subjective appearance is useful in
      most cases to maximize final cosmetic results. Careful attention to all the
      factors relating to full-thickness skin graft survival is mandatory for optimum
      success when performing this surgical procedure.

PMID- 6379014
TI  - [Genius and Russian scientist D. I. Mendeleev (on the 150th anniversary of his
      birth (1834-1984)].

PMID- 6379013
TI  - [Study methods and the polymorphism of individual phospholipids].

PMID- 6379016
TI  - Percy Rogers Howe, 1928-1929.

PMID- 6379015
TI  - Historical perspective--the long and colorful history of Erythoxylon coca.

PMID- 6379017
TI  - Ancestors.

PMID- 6379018
TI  - The 'fixed' removable partial denture: report of case.
AB  - Careful monitoring of tissue that had been the site of three previous surgical
      procedures was necessary, but the patient needed a functional, esthetically
      acceptable prosthesis. The Andrews bridge was selected because it combines the
      stabilizing qualities of a fixed prosthesis with the accessibility to the tissues
      of a removable prosthesis. The recurring nature of the verrucous carcinoma along
      with extensive tissue loss were additional factors in selecting this appliance.
      The final results satisfied all the criteria. The patient has been seen at
      regular follow-up visits for 2 years since the last surgical procedure and there
      has been no clinical change in the previously involved tissue. The patient has
      tolerated the prosthesis well and is satisfied with her appearance.

PMID- 6379019
TI  - Transfer of latent atopy by bone marrow transplantation? A case report.
AB  - A previously healthy 8-year old girl was diagnosed with acute myelogenous
      leukemia, and, while she was in first remission, she received a bone marrow
      transplant from her atopic brother. Studies 1 to 2 years after transplantation
      revealed that the marrow recipient had a specific-IgE production of donor-type
      pattern, indicated by the similar skin prick test results and RAST scores in the
      donor and recipient demonstrating allergy to animal dander and house dust. The
      recipient's own immunity had been destroyed by the preparative regimen for marrow
      transplantation, and no lymphoid cells of host origin could be found after
      transplantation in the chromosome analysis. A sensitization of the recipient to
      animal dander after transplantation was very unlikely because no animal contacts
      were present, and the chronic liver graft-versus-host disease of the patient
      additionally suggested a delayed immunologic recovery. The case history suggests
      that atopy can be transferred by bone marrow transplantation from donor to
      recipient. A possible mechanism appears to be a passive transfer not only of
      lymphoid precursors but also of mature memory cells within the bone marrow
      inoculum. The donor memory B cells are presumably capable of starting specific
      IgE production when the cells are stimulated in the host environment by factors
      still unknown.

PMID- 6379020
TI  - The effect of nutritional factors on hepatic drug and toxicant metabolism.
AB  - A variety of foreign agents, including environmental chemicals, food additives,
      natural food constituents, and pharmaceuticals, enter the body every day. Many of
      these compounds must undergo metabolism by specific enzymes within the body to
      facilitate their clearance. The most important of the enzyme systems, which is
      found in the liver, includes the cytochrome P-450 dependent mixed function
      oxidase, as well as several conjugation enzymes, including sulfotransferase,
      glucuronyl transferase, and glutathione-S-transferase. The balance of the
      reactions determines the rate of metabolism and clearance of the agents, as well
      as the degree of intracellular damage or toxicity. Specific dietary factors, such
      as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, affect the efficiency of
      these reactions.

PMID- 6379021
TI  - Dietary concerns associated with the use of medications.
AB  - Medications can affect, and be affected by, nutrition. The interactions between
      drugs and various components in the diet are in part responsible for the erratic
      drug responses observed in patients. Because of the diversity of food consumption
      patterns among individuals and the widespread use of drugs, an array of varied
      and complicated side effects can occur. When vitamins, minerals, or other food
      components alter drug utilization or when drugs induce nutritional deficiencies,
      the effect poses a risk to the patient. Drugs can also affect many nutrition
      related factors, such as appetite, taste acuity, and gastrointestinal function.
      Dietary habits or metabolic changes should be examined carefully and evaluated in
      any patient who unexpectedly gains or loses weight while taking drugs. Medicated
      patients need to be aware of good nutrition practices and to understand the
      importance of dietary modifications associated with certain diseases. A
      nutritious diet not only makes an important contribution to the health of those
      individuals but also reduces the risk of nutrition disorders or altered drug
      efficacy. Nutrition counseling should be considered for medicated patients to
      help them make rational decisions about their food choices.

PMID- 6379022
TI  - Double-blind clinical and psychologic study of ergoloid mesylates (Hydergine) in
      subjects with senile mental deterioration.
AB  - A double-blind study of 24 weeks' duration was conducted to investigate the
      effects of ergoloid mesylates (Hydergine) on symptoms of senile mental
      deterioration. Fifty-eight residents of old people's homes were included in the
      trial. Thirty were treated with ergoloid mesylates and 28 with placebo, and the
      effects of treatment were determined by means of medical and psychological
      examinations. On the Sandoz Clinical Assessment Geriatric Scale, the group
      receiving ergoloid mesylates showed significant improvement in all items. The
      group receiving placebo showed slight deterioration. Psychological examination
      showed that no changes were observed for either group in quantitative
      psychometric test results, although qualitative aspects of performance such as
      attention and concentration did improve. There was a close correlation between
      improved cognitive function scores on the SCAG and improved evaluations of
      behavior during the psychological examinations. There were marked individual
      differences in the degrees of improvement.

PMID- 6379023
TI  - AMWA's founder--the "red headed dynamo".

PMID- 6379024
TI  - Reverse inlay bone graft for nonunion of a lesser metatarsal.

PMID- 6379025
TI  - Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 6379027
TI  - Toxicology updates. Dimethyl sulfoxide.

PMID- 6379026
TI  - The distribution of dermal tumorigens in coal liquids: relationship of
      tumorigenicity and microbial mutagenicity.
AB  - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and/or their pyrolle derivatives were found to
      be the primary contributors to the skin tumorigenicity of the neutral fractions
      of two coal oils. Mutagenicity of the neutral fraction in Salmonella test strains
      was found to be due primarily to polycyclic aromatics containing polar
      substituents. Thus, the chemical classes responsible for skin tumorigenicity
      differ from those responsible for mutagenicity.

PMID- 6379028
TI  - Alterations of pancreatic islet size and growth following substantia nigra
      lesions in the rat.
AB  - Lesions of certain autonomic centers in the brain are known to alter feeding
      behavior, body weight, and influence the morphology and function of the
      pancreatic islets. Because marked reductions of food intake and body weight have
      been reported following damage to the substantia nigra (SN), we investigated the
      role of this brain area as a potential regulator of the endocrine pancreas. Rats
      were given bilateral SN lesions using the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)
      at a dose of either 6 or 12 micrograms/hemisphere. Animals given sham lesions
      served as controls. Both the control and experimental rats were placed on a high
      fat diet to minimize lesion-induced reductions of food intake and body weight.
      Eleven weeks following lesion placement, pancreatic tissues were collected and
      islet size and volume density were determined using point-counting stereological
      analyses. At the time of tissue collection, the body weights of control and
      experimental rats were comparable. Rats with SN lesions exhibited a reduction of
      pancreatic islet size and volume density, when compared with that of sham
      lesioned controls. Moreover, the islets of SN-lesioned rats were comparable in
      size and volume density to that of younger animals. Hence, these observations
      suggest that damage to the SN produces an overall impairment of islet growth
      independently of changes in body weight.

PMID- 6379029
TI  - An historical survey of illustrations of the medicinal leech.

PMID- 6379030
TI  - Fetal behaviour and the cardiovascular system.
AB  - With increasing gestation both in the human and in animals clear fetal
      behavioural state cycles develop. Fetal heart rate patterns are closely related
      to the phenomenon of behavioural state. In this review article fetal heart rate
      patterns will be analysed in relation to particular behavioural states,
      individual movement patterns and diurnal variations. Attention will also be paid
      to maturational changes. Differences between human and animal states are
      emphasized. It is concluded, that understanding of the basic mechanisms
      underlying the normal heart rate patterns throughout gestation, improves the
      reliability of fetal surveillance.

PMID- 6379031
TI  - Regulation of cerebral blood flow in the fetus.

PMID- 6379032
TI  - The development of tissue transfer in hand surgery.

PMID- 6379033
TI  - Reconstruction and sensitization of the amputated thumb.
AB  - Injuries involving soft tissue or bone loss of the thumb can be devastating.
      Three techniques are described that utilize local and distant osseous and
      cutaneous structures for restoration of length to the amputated thumb. In
      addition, restoration of sensibility by the Nikoladoni method, in which a radial
      cutaneous flap is used for injuries confined primarily to soft tissue, is
      discussed.

PMID- 6379034
TI  - Thumb reconstruction in the burned hand by advancement pollicization of the
      second ray remnant.
AB  - Reconstruction of 15 thumbs in 14 patients with severe postburn deformity has
      been carried out by advancement and transferral of the second ray remnant onto
      the remaining proximal thumb metacarpal stump. This technique combines the
      advantages of thumb lengthening and pollicization procedures in a single
      operation and has been a useful method for restoration of single hand prehension
      in the severely burned mitten hand.

PMID- 6379035
TI  - Unlabeled antibody methods in electron microscopy: a comparison of single and
      multistep procedures using colloidal gold.
AB  - A comparative study of five unlabeled antibody methods was conducted on the
      electron microscopic level using bridging techniques and colloidal gold. The
      study was based on the principles of the single-step colloidal gold (GLAD) method
      (Larsson L: Nature 282:743, 1979) and the multistep single- and double-bridge
      techniques used in postembedding immunoperoxidase procedures (PAP) (Sternberger
      LA: Immunocytochemistry, 2nd ed. Wiley, New York, 1979). Using medullary thyroid
      carcinoma and the same lot of primary antiserum (goat anti-calcitonin) for each
      procedure, it was shown that adequate localization of calcitonin with the single
      step GLAD method was attainable only at dilutions of 1:100 or lower. The single
      bridge technique using goat anti-calcitonin, sheep anti-goat immunoglobulin
      (Ig)G, and goat anti-calcitonin and antigen-coated gold, respectively, worked
      well at dilutions of up to 1:5000 but not at dilutions of 1:10,000, while single-
      and double-bridging techniques utilizing goat anti-calcitonin, sheep (Sh) anti
      goat IgG, and sheep anti-goat IgG-coated gold produced good localization at a
      1:10,000 dilution of primary antiserum. A two-step method using goat anti
      calcitonin and sheep anti-goat IgG-coated gold, respectively, appeared to be the
      most sensitive technique, with adequate antigen localization occurring at a
      dilution of 1:25,000. While in our hands the two-step method appeared superior in
      sensitivity to the single-bridge IgG-coated gold technique, each method has its
      own advantages depending on the individual needs of the researcher.

PMID- 6379036
TI  - Radioimmunocytochemical localization of retinal S-antigen with monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - Two monoclonal antibodies (RSA1/83 and RSA2/83) were developed against a
      homogeneous preparation of bovine retinal S-antigen. The two hybridomas produced
      by mouse X mouse hybrid myeloma cells secrete immunoglobulin G. Indirect
      autoradiography on glutaraldehyde-fixed preparations of bovine explants was used
      to locate the antigenic site. Antibody RSA1/83 recognizes the antigen primarily
      in the apical region of the rod outer segment, while antibody RSA2/83 located the
      antigen both in the outer and inner segments of the rod photoreceptor cells. A
      distinct band of silver grains also appeared along the inner limiting membrane
      with both antibodies. Control explants showed no specific labeling pattern over
      the various retinal compartments.

PMID- 6379037
TI  - Colocalization of enkephalin-like and choline acetyltransferase-like
      immunoreactivities in olivocochlear neurons of the guinea pig.
AB  - The guinea pig lateral superior olive was examined immunocytochemically using
      antisera against enkephalin and choline acetyltransferase sequentially on the
      same sections. A colocalization of choline acetyltransferase-like and enkephalin
      like immunoreactivities was found in cells of the lateral superior olive that
      give rise to the lateral system of olivocochlear efferents. Only choline
      acetyltransferase-like immunoreactivity was observed in the group of olivary
      nuclei that give rise to the medial group of olivocochlear fibers.

PMID- 6379038
TI  - The odontoblast process extends to the dentinoenamel junction: an
      immunocytochemical study of rat dentine.
AB  - The length and extent of the odontoblast cell process in dentine has been the
      subject of controversy for many years. Here an immunofluorescence technique has
      been applied at the light microscope level to rat coronal dentine to localize the
      intracellular components actin and tubulin. Adult rats were perfused with
      periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde fixative, teeth were extracted, the molar
      crowns were demineralized, dehydrated, wax embedded, and 6 micron sections were
      prepared. The sections were postfixed in -20 degrees C acetone and then incubated
      with affinity-purified rabbit anti-actin or anti-tubulin antibodies, followed by
      fluorescein-conjugated goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin. Intratubular
      immunofluorescence labeling for tubulin extended to the dentinoenamel junction,
      whereas labeling for actin, although extending to the dentinoenamel junction, was
      more prominent in the pulpal third of the rat dentine. Areas in which odontoblast
      processes are known not to occur, i.e., the atubular dentine, were not labeled by
      either antibody. The presence of actin- and tubulin-containing structures
      extending to the dentinoenamel junction is consistent with the hypothesis that
      the odontoblast process traverses the dentine for up to 3-4 mm, all the way to
      the dentinoenamel junction. Furthermore, the different staining patterns for
      actin-containing microfilaments as compared to tubulin-containing microtubules
      suggest that these two filamentous systems may have different roles in the
      function of the odontoblast process.

PMID- 6379039
TI  - Novel secretory granule morphology in physically fixed pancreatic islets.
AB  - Protein A-gold immunocytochemistry has been applied to physically fixed beta
      cells from rat islets of Langerhans. The punctate nature of the gold particles
      permits improved resolution of the antigenic sites without obscuring the fine
      ultrastructural preservation obtained by physical fixation. There is a
      filamentous material within the halo of the secretory granules that is not
      preserved by aqueous, chemical fixation. When viewed in stereo the filaments
      appear as an annular cobweb or a series of wheel spokes attached to a centrally
      located hub (the dense core of the granule). The filaments demonstrate insulin
      like immunoreactivity using the protein A-gold technique. The immunoreactivity
      appears to be restricted to the filaments and the surface of the dense cores.
      This may be a consequence of the preservation of a solid, insolubilized core
      state that resists penetration by the antibody and/or the protein A-gold complex.
      However, the evidence that there is a halo pool of insulin which is separate from
      the massive core aggregate suggests that i) correspondingly massive exocytotic
      pits may not be as mandatory for insulin release as has been assumed and ii) the
      complex kinetics of insulin secretion may be, in part, a reflection of multiple
      insulin compartments within secretory granules.

PMID- 6379040
TI  - Thymic hormone-containing cells. V. Immunohistological detection of
      metallothionein within the cells bearing thymulin (a zinc-containing hormone) in
      human and mouse thymuses.
AB  - Using an immunofluorescence (IF) assay, the presence of metallothionein (MT) was
      investigated in sections of normal and pathologic human thymuses as well as in
      cultures of thymic epithelial cells. This protein, known to have a high binding
      affinity for class II B transitional metals, such as zinc, was detected in the
      epithelial component of the thymus. Moreover, double labeling experiments with
      the anti-MT and an anti-thymulin monoclonal antibody showed that all cells
      containing thymulin, a thymic hormone whose active structure is known to contain
      zinc, also exhibited large amounts of metallothionein. These results, together
      with the fact that zinc and thymulin have been detected in the same type of cell
      organelles, lead to the conclusion that the MT present in thymic epithelial cells
      might be involved in the mechanism of zinc storage in these cells, thus favoring
      the secretion of thymulin in its biologically active, zinc-containing form.

PMID- 6379041
TI  - Histochemical evaluation of secretory glycoproteins in human salivary glands with
      lectin-horseradish peroxidase conjugates.
AB  - Paraffin sections of submandibular, sublingual, minor salivary, and parotid
      glands from ten human autopsy cases were stained with a battery of ten lectins
      conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. Variable affinity for one or another lectin
      between mucous cells in a gland evidenced cellular heterogeneity in mucin
      production. Mucous cells of a given type of gland varied among individuals, but
      for a single individual appeared markedly but not completely similar from one
      type of salivary gland to another. The individual variation related, in part, to
      the ABO blood group and secretor status of the individual. For mucous cells in
      secretors of blood group A and B all antigens stained strongly for the presence
      of terminal alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine or alpha-galactose, respectively. Mucous
      cells in AB secretors contained both antigens, whereas those of O (H) secretors
      lacked both. Mucous cells of three presumed nonsecretors, two of whom were
      immature infants and possibly too young to produce ABO antigen, failed to stain.
      Mucous cells in glands from the presumed nonsecretors, however, revealed a
      staining pattern consistent with the presence of Lea antigen. Mucous cells of
      nonsecretors stained with Lotus tetragonolobus agglutinin but not with Ulex
      europeus I agglutinin, whereas mucous cells of ABO secretors stained with both
      lectins. This difference in lectin binding indicated that sites reactive only
      with Lotus tetragonolobus agglutinin contain 1----4 linked fucosyl residues and
      sites stained by both lectins contain fucose linked 1----2 to the
      oligosaccharide. Staining of mucous cells of nonsecretors with Pisum sativum
      agglutinin indicate that either the lectin binds to internal N-acetylglucosamine
      of Lea substance or the mucous cells contain an N-glycosidic glycoprotein of the
      type thought to bind this lectin. Serous cells stained less strongly than mucous
      cells and differed in lectin affinities from one type of gland to another in an
      individual. Staining of serous cells of a given gland varied markedly among
      different subjects. This individual variability did not relate to blood group as
      terminal sugars demonstrative of A or B blood group antigens were not detected in
      any serous cells. Serous cells in the submandibular glands from the two immature
      infants were unreactive with all lectin conjugates. Secretions in parotid and
      submandibular serous cells generally contained a higher content of fucose than
      those in sublingual serous cells, which contained higher levels of a terminal
      galactose-sialic acid dimer. Some but not other cells of striated and
      interlobular ducts of submandibular glands of one subject stained for alpha-N
      acetylgalactosamine.

PMID- 6379042
TI  - Association of beta-cytoplasmic actin with high concentrations of acetylcholine
      receptor (AChR) in normal and anti-AChR-treated primary rat muscle cultures.
AB  - Previous immunocytochemical studies in which an antibody specific for mammalian
      cytoplasmic actin was used showed that a high concentration of cytoplasmic actin
      exists at neuromuscular junctions of rat muscle fibers such that the distribution
      of actin corresponded exactly to that of the acetylcholine receptors. Although
      clusters of acetylcholine receptors also are present in noninnervated rat and
      chick muscle cells grown in vitro, neither the mechanism for the formation and
      maintenance of these clusters nor the relationship of these clusters to the high
      density of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction in vivo are
      known. In the present study, a relationship between beta-cytoplasmic actin and
      acetylcholine receptors in vitro has been demonstrated immunocytochemically using
      an antibody specific for the beta-form of cytoplasmic actin. Networks of
      cytoplasmic actin-containing filaments were found in discrete regions of the
      myotube membrane that also contained high concentrations of acetylcholine
      receptors; such high concentrations of acetylcholine receptors have been
      described in regions of membrane-substrate contact. Moreover, when primary rat
      myotubes were exposed to human myasthenic serum, gross morphological changes,
      accompanied by an apparent rearrangement of the cytoplasmic actin-containing
      cytoskeleton, were produced. Although whether the distribution of cytoplasmic
      actin-containing structures was influenced by the organization of acetylcholine
      receptor or vice versa cannot be determined from these studies, these findings
      suggest that in primary rat muscle cells grown in vitro, acetylcholine receptors
      and beta-cytoplasmic actin-containing structures may be somehow connected.

PMID- 6379043
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of the immunodominant differentiation antigen
      lacto-N-fucopentaose III in normal adult and fetal tissues.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies were produced by immunizing rats with human small cell lung
      carcinoma (SCLC) cell lines. Monoclonal antibodies 600D11 and 624A12 were found
      to be directed against the ceramide pentasaccharide that contains the lacto-N
      fucopentaose III (LNFP III) sequence of sugars, an isomer of the Lewis A blood
      group antigen. LNFP III is an immunodominant antigen whose reactivity is
      maintained in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections (PS). LNFP III has been
      recognized in a number of human tumors including: SCLC; adenocarcinomas of the
      breast, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, and lung; renal cell
      carcinoma; neuroblastoma; and myelogenous leukemia. We now report the normal
      adult and fetal tissue distribution of the LNFP III antigen by immunoperoxidase
      staining on PS utilizing 600D11 and 624A12. Binding was demonstrated in bronchial
      epithelium and bronchial glands; squamous epithelium of the esophagus; gastric
      crypts, duodenal enterocytes and Brunners glands; argentaffin cells; jejunal and
      colonic goblet cells; pancreatic acinar cells; salivary glands; endocervical and
      exocervical cells; skin epidermis; myelinated motor fibers; cells of the adrenal
      medulla and anterior pituitary gland; polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs); tissue
      macrophages and renal proximal tubules and loops of Henle. Staining was localized
      to cell membranes and within the cytoplasm, with greatest intensity at the apical
      and basal portions of the cells. These staining patterns were noted in adult and
      neonatal tissues, and initial expression could be traced to approximately the
      second trimester of fetal development. Knowledge of the normal tissue
      distribution of this immunodominant antigenic determinant may offer insight into
      its structural and functional role in benign and malignant tissues.

PMID- 6379044
TI  - Epidemiological and bacteriological investigation of Serratia marcescens epidemic
      in a nursery and in a neonatal intensive care unit.
AB  - An epidemic caused by Serratia marcescens that involved 26 infants admitted to
      the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and 82 infants admitted to the Nursery of
      the 2nd Medical School of Naples is reported. Two different biotypes of S.
      marcescens with two completely different epidemiological patterns were
      identified. The prevalent biotype (A8b trigonelline-) was isolated in the
      delivery room, in the operating room, in the Nursery and in the NICU from items,
      healthy infant excreters and affected infants; the second biotype (A3a) was
      isolated only in the NICU from staff, two healthy infant excreters and two
      affected infants. Colonization of the throat and the gastrointestinal tract was
      frequent. Infected and colonized infants were the most important reservoir for
      serratia in the Nursery and in the NICU particularly for the type strain A3a. A
      mucus aspiration apparatus contaminated in the delivery room and the
      contamination of several instruments and items probably had a major role in the
      initiation and maintenance of the spread of the A8b strain. Mass contamination of
      the nursery has been related to overcrowding and a lack of the control measures;
      the transfer of high-risk colonized infants caused spread in the NICU. In the
      NICU the attack rate 26%; 69% of infants became ill; the case fatality ratio was
      19%. Epidemiological investigation of the infants at risk showed some factors
      predisposing to infection with serratia. The hygienic measures failed to control
      the spread of serratia and it was necessary to refuse new admissions to pregnant
      women in order to decontaminate and re-organize the wards.

PMID- 6379045
TI  - Immunoregulation of T-dependent responses by a cloned dendritic cell.
AB  - We have described a cloned dendritic cell, Clone Den-1, which is a potent
      accessory cell for some T-dependent immune responses. Clone Den-1 activates T
      cells in both autologous and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions, but cannot
      present soluble antigen to T cells that co-recognize nominal antigen plus I-Ab
      gene products. In addition, Clone Den-1 or factors produced by it can
      reconstitute plaque-forming cell responses by accessory cell-depleted B plus T
      cells to the T-dependent antigen sheep red blood cells. The relationship of this
      clone to heterogeneous populations of dendritic cells and other accessory cells
      is discussed.

PMID- 6379046
TI  - Differences in delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in various mouse strains
      in the C3H lineage infected with Salmonella typhimurium, strain SL3235.
AB  - Immunization with a virulent Salmonella typhimurium, strain SL3235, has been
      found to provide high levels of protection against challenge with virulent
      Salmonella in hypersusceptible mouse strains in the C3H lineage. These mouse
      strains include the lipopolysaccharide-hyporesponsive C3/HeJ mouse and the
      closely related but lipopolysaccharide-responsive C3HeB/FeJ mouse. To assess the
      role of cellular immunity in the protection elicited by this attentuated
      organism, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was measured in these mouse strains
      and in inherently resistant mice. Of the mouse strains tested, only the
      inherently resistant CD-1 and C3H/HeNCrlBR mice developed significant DTH
      responses, as assessed by footpad swelling tested at various times after
      immunization with SL3235. The hypersusceptible C3H/HeJ and C3HeB/FeJ mice failed
      to exhibit significant DTH responses despite their high levels of immunity.

PMID- 6379047
TI  - Thymocyte differentiation activity from the cloned monocyte/macrophage cell line
      RAW 264.7. Alterations in the expression of immature thymocyte surface antigens.
AB  - The cloned monocyte/macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 was previously shown to
      produce thymocyte mitogenic and co-mitogenic activity that eluted from a Sephadex
      G-75 column not only at approximately 16,000 daltons, the m.w. described for
      interleukin 1 (IL 1), but also at 30,000 to 40,000 daltons. The studies reported
      here indicate that the 30,000 to 40,000 dalton molecule has thymic
      differentiating activity. Thymocytes from A/J mice were fractionated on
      discontinuous BSA gradients, which yielded populations of cells enriched for
      immature and mature cells. The cells found at the interface between 35 and 29%
      BSA (band 1 cells), which are the most immature, were cultured for 48 hr with
      highly purified IL 1, with the 30,000 to 40,000 dalton form of thymocyte co
      mitogenic activity obtained after Sephadex G-75 chromatography and
      chromatofocusing chromatography, or with media alone. The surface antigens TL-3,
      H-2Kk, Thy-1.2, Lyt-1, and Lyt-2 were examined by immunofluorescence. It was
      found that the highly purified 30,000 to 40,000 dalton species of co-mitogenic
      activity induced a significant increase in the content of surface H-2Kk, a
      decrease in TL-3, and a very small decrease in Thy-1.2 on the cell surface,
      whereas IL 1 was not capable of inducing a change in these surface antigens.
      There was no change in Lyt-1 on the surface of band 1 thymocytes after incubation
      with either IL 1 or the 30,000 to 40,000 dalton species. The 30,000 to 40,000
      dalton species caused a significant decrease in the percentage of cells staining
      positive for Lyt-2, whereas IL 1 caused a smaller but significant decrease in Lyt
      2. These changes in the surface markers TL-3, H-2Kk, and Thy-1.2 are consistent
      with changes that occur during thymocyte differentiation. It was also observed
      that the proliferative response to the 30,000 to 40,000 dalton form and IL 1
      increased with increasing functional maturity of each band of thymocytes when
      used in the thymocyte mitogenic assay. However, only the 30,000 to 40,000 dalton
      form was capable of inducing a proliferative response in the immature band 1
      thymocytes in the thymocyte co-mitogenic assay. These results indicate that the
      RAW 264.7 cells produce a factor that has, in addition to thymocyte co-mitogenic
      activity, thymocyte differentiation activity, and this factor is distinct from IL
      1.

PMID- 6379048
TI  - A novel antigenic cell surface protein associated with T200 is involved in the
      post-activation stage of human NK cell-mediated lysis.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody, 9.1C3, was used to investigate the mechanism of natural
      killer (NK) cell-mediated lysis. In addition to blocking NK cell function, the
      antibody blocked antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against the K562 target
      cell at the effector cell level. The stage at which 9.1C3 antibody inhibited
      cytolysis was established with a Ca++ pulse technique, whereby it was shown that
      the antibody inhibited killing at a discrete step after the Ca++-dependent
      programming for lysis. The 9.1C3 antigen appeared to be associated with the T200
      glycoprotein complex. Thus the 66 and 77 Kd proteins detected by 9.1C3 were also
      precipitated with a monoclonal antibody to T200, and in sequential
      immunoprecipitations, 9.1C3 antibody removed these bands from immunoprecipitates
      with antibody to T200. Also, in co-modulation studies, it was found that antibody
      to T200 co-capped the 9.1C3 antigen but that capping with 9.1C3 antibody did not
      induce co-modulation of the T200 antigen. Expression of the 9.1C3 and T200
      antigens on different cell types, however, was not identical, and the 9.1C3
      antibody did not immunoprecipitate high m.w. proteins in the region of 200 Kd.
      Functionally, in NK cell killing studies, the antibody to T200 used alone did not
      block but was synergistic with the 9.1C3 antibody. The differential effect of the
      enzymes pronase and trypsin on the cell surface expression of the 9.1C3 and T200
      antigens reflected the ability of these enzymes to inhibit NK cell killing. These
      data suggest that the 9.1C3 antigen participates in a late event in the cytolytic
      pathway.

PMID- 6379049
TI  - Membrane receptors on Xenopus macrophages for two classes of immunoglobulins (IgM
      and IgY) and the third complement component (C3).
AB  - Using two classes of immunoglobulins (IgM and IgY) and a complement component
      (C3) purified from Xenopus serum and plasma, we examined the presence of
      receptors on Xenopus peritoneal macrophages for each ligand. Xenopus macrophages,
      ultrastructurally quite similar to those in higher vertebrates, were found to
      have different membrane receptors for both immunoglobulins as well as for C3.
      Whereas all of these receptors mediated the binding of the SRBC which were coated
      with each ligand, only the RBC coated with IgY were ingested by the macrophages.
      We discuss the origin and functional differentiation of phagocyte membrane
      receptors from the phylogenetic viewpoint, in relation to the serum factors
      interacting with the receptors.

PMID- 6379050
TI  - Functional characteristics of histamine receptor-bearing mononuclear cells. II.
      Identification and characterization of two histamine-induced human lymphokines
      that inhibit lymphocyte migration.
AB  - Although functional histamine receptors have generally been restricted to those
      human T lymphocytes expressing suppressor cell functions, more recent evidence
      suggests that histamine receptor-bearing human T lymphocytes are functionally
      heterogeneous and capable of other immunomodulatory activities. Lymphocyte
      chemoattractant factor (LCF) is a cationic sialoprotein with an apparent m.w. of
      56,000, whose production is limited to histamine-type 2 receptor-bearing human T
      cells. LCF is selectively chemokinetic for T lymphocytes, and presumably
      contributes to the recruitment of unsensitized effector lymphocytes at
      inflammatory sites. In addition to LCF, Sephadex G-100 gel filtration of
      histamine-induced lymphocyte supernatants revealed two regions of migration
      inhibitory activity for human blood T and rat splenic lymphocytes. These regions
      corresponded to m.w. of 70,000 to 80,000 (LyMIF75K) and 30,000 to 40,000
      (LyMIF35K). LyMIF75K had a single pI of 7.5 to 8.0, and its biologic activity was
      sensitive to trypsin but not to neuraminidase or heat (56 degrees C). LyMIF35K
      had a single pI of 8.5 to 8.8, and its biologic activity was sensitive to
      neuraminidase and heat but not to trypsin. These LyMIFs therefore appeared to be
      distinct from one another and physicochemically different from other migration
      inhibitory lymphokines. All three lymphokine activities appeared within 4 hr of
      incubation. The minimum concentration of histamine required to stimulate
      production of the LyMIF was 10(-6) M. Lymphocytes that did not adhere to a
      histamine affinity matrix were unable to produce either LyMIF upon subsequent
      stimulation with histamine or concanavalin A (Con A). Lymphocytes incubated with
      histamine and diphenhydramine produced LCF but neither LyMIF, whereas cells
      incubated with histamine in the presence of cimetidine produced both LyMIF but
      not LCF. These data suggest that a subset of lymphocytes defined by the presence
      of histamine-type 1 receptors are capable of producing two distinct species of
      lymphocyte migration inhibitory activity. These cells may contribute to the
      immobilization of effector T lymphocytes chemokinetically attracted to certain
      inflammatory sites.

PMID- 6379051
TI  - T65 antigen modulation in a phase I monoclonal antibody trial with chronic
      lymphocytic leukemia patients.
AB  - Antigenic modulation of the T65 cell surface antigen was assessed in chronic
      lymphocytic leukemia patients (CLL) receiving therapy with the murine monoclonal
      antibody T101 in a phase I clinical trial. A total of 12 patients received 1, 10,
      or 40 mg doses administered over 2 hr, or 50 or 100 mg doses administered over 50
      hr. Decreases in T65 antigen expression (up to 90%) coincided with decreases in
      the circulating leukemic cell count in those patients who received T101 over a 2
      hr period, indicating that clearance of circulating T65 antigen-positive cells
      could account for most of the observed decreases in T65 antigen expression. In
      contrast, analysis of bone marrow specimens from these patients indicated that
      decreases in T65 antigen density in this relatively stationary population
      resulted not from a cell decrement but rather from antigenic modulation.
      Pulmonary toxicity prevented administration of doses greater than 40 mg over a 2
      hr period; therefore, higher doses (50 and 100 mg) were administered over a 50-hr
      period. This treatment schedule resulted in greater than 90% reduction in T65
      antigen density of both circulating and bone marrow leukemic cells without
      dramatic drops in circulating leukemic cell counts, indicating that antigenic
      modulation accounted for most of the observed decreases in T65 antigen density
      under these conditions. Reexpression of T65 antigen by modulated cells was
      observed both in vitro and in vivo within 2 to 4 days. Immunoperoxidase staining
      of in vivo-modulated specimens and in vitro modulation studies with 125I-T101
      suggested that T65 antigen-T101 antibody complexes were internalized during
      modulation. Although antigenic modulation inhibits the potential therapeutic
      effectiveness of unconjugated T101 antibody in CLL patients, treatment of CLL
      with T101 drug or toxin immunoconjugates under conditions that bring about rapid
      and extensive internalization of the T65 antigen may provide an effective means
      of therapy.

PMID- 6379052
TI  - A biotin-avidin technique for the localisation of membrane-bound monoclonal
      antibodies by low power transmission electron microscopy.
AB  - A biotin-avidin horseradish peroxidase system is described for the localisation
      of membrane-bound monoclonal antibodies by low power transmission electron
      microscopy. An indirect bridge technique was used, with a biotin-labelled goat
      anti-mouse immunoglobulin antibody and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated avidin
      D. The technique provided preparations of high morphological and ultrastructural
      quality which facilitated accurate cellular identification. Positive
      immunostaining was specific and precisely defined.

PMID- 6379053
TI  - Influence of endotoxin on production of leucocyte migration inhibition factor.
      Part I.
AB  - Commercial reagents are often contaminated with endotoxins in concentrations
      which may affect biological immunoassays. The endotoxin lipopolysaccharide from
      E. coli 026:B6, at concentrations at and above 5 X 10(-9) g/ml induces
      mononuclear cells to produce the lymphokine leucocyte migration inhibition factor
      (LIF). However, lipopolysaccharide at concentrations at or above 5 X 10(-8)
      inhibit leucocyte migration making it impossible to measure the effect of LIF.
      Standardization of endotoxin content during production and assay of LIF is
      needed, in order to reduce the variability of the results.

PMID- 6379054
TI  - A microtiter assay for human monocyte activation by lymphokines.
AB  - This report describes a microtiter assay of human lymphokine activity based on
      lymphokine-induced increases in monocyte adherence to plastic surfaces.
      Supernatants were generated by stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells
      with streptokinase/streptodornase or purified protein derivative. Monocyte
      adherence was measured by a 51chromium radioassay. The increased adherence was
      shown to be due to a soluble factor that was produced by antigen-stimulated
      mononuclear cells from donors who were responsive to the antigen but not by
      mononuclear cells from donors who were unresponsive. The factor was not
      dialyzable. The assay requires only 20 ml of peripheral blood and is easily
      automated and quantifiable, making it suitable for clinical laboratory use.

PMID- 6379055
TI  - Assay for the specificity of monoclonal antibodies in crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis.
AB  - A method is described based on crossed immunoelectrophoresis of a complex antigen
      mixture in agarose gel followed by incubation of the gel with the monoclonal
      antibody. The bound monoclonal antibody is detected by the use of a secondary
      enzyme-labelled antibody. Using this technique we have been able to identify the
      precipitate arc in crossed immunoelectrophoresis of major histocompatibility
      complex (MHC) class I molecules in a mixture of all detergent solubilized cell
      membrane molecules by means of a monoclonal antibody, the specificity of which
      was known independently to be against MHC class I molecules. In other experiments
      using the same technique we demonstrated the reaction of a monoclonal antibody
      specific for chicken Ig light chains.

PMID- 6379056
TI  - Effects of bovine serum albumin on antibody determination by the enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay.
AB  - The effect of bovine serum albumin (BSA) post-coating and addition of BSA to
      serum diluent was studied in an IgG and IgA Candida antibody enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA). BSA post-coating decreased the background readings
      and increased the specific Candida antibody activity in most sera. However, in a
      few sera post-coating alone increased background readings and this effect was
      probably due to the occurrence of BSA antibodies. It could be abolished by the
      addition of BSA to serum diluent. It is therefore suggested that BSA post-coating
      should only be used in combination with BSA addition to serum dilution buffer in
      ELISA.

PMID- 6379057
TI  - Centenary of discovery of cholera vibrio.

PMID- 6379058
TI  - Laboratory diagnosis of Mediterranean spotted fever by immunofluorescent
      demonstration of Rickettsia conorii in cutaneous lesions.
AB  - Indirect immunofluorescent staining was performed on cryostat sections of skin
      biopsy specimens from 21 patients. In six of the 11 cases finally diagnosed as
      Mediterranean spotted fever, coccobacillary forms of Rickettsia conorii were
      identified in these sections. A factor recognized as contributing to false
      negative results was prior treatment with tetracycline. No false-positive results
      were obtained for 10 patients whose final diagnosis was not Mediterranean spotted
      fever. This laboratory test can aid in the early diagnosis of severe and atypical
      forms of Mediterranean spotted fever.

PMID- 6379059
TI  - Formylated chemotactic peptides can mimic the secondary, provoking endotoxin
      injection in the generalized Shwartzman reaction.

PMID- 6379061
TI  - Absolute requirement for complement in monoclonal IgM antibody-mediated
      protection against experimental infection with type III group B streptococci.
AB  - The role of complement in the protective and opsonic activity of monoclonal IgM
      antibody to type III group B streptococci (GBS) was examined in a neonatal rat
      model of infection and in vitro with human sera as the complement source. C3
      levels in uninfected neonatal rats were less than 50% of those in adult rats,
      similar to the low complement levels observed in human neonates. The monoclonal
      type III-specific IgM antibody provided protection to neonatal rats (with
      unaltered complement levels) that were infected intra-peritoneally or
      intranasally with type III GBS. In contrast, neonatal rats depleted of complement
      by administration of cobra venom factor were not protected by IgM antibody. In
      vitro, classical complement pathway activity was adequate in sera from well, term
      neonates and GBS-infected neonates in the presence of higher concentrations of
      the monoclonal IgM antibody. At lower IgM levels, however, the alternative
      complement pathway was less efficient in both neonatal sera and adult sera.

PMID- 6379060
TI  - Plasmid-mediated resistance in multiply resistant Haemophilus influenzae type b
      causing meningitis: molecular characterization of one strain and review of the
      literature.
AB  - The increasing prevalence of infections due to ampicillin-resistant strains of
      Haemophilus influenzae type b requires that suspected H. influenzae meningitis in
      children be initially treated with both ampicillin and chloramphenicol.
      Previously, the recognition of strains resistant to chloramphenicol but
      susceptible to ampicillin supported combination chemotherapy. In this study one
      case of meningitis due to a strain of H. influenzae resistant to ampicillin,
      chloramphenicol, and tetracycline was analyzed. The patient involved received
      intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, but putative resistance to this
      combination prompted the additional administration of intravenous moxalactam. The
      resistance of this organism was mediated by a conjugative 43-megadalton R
      plasmid; the determinants of ampicillin and chloramphenicol resistance were
      transferred as a single unit. However, not all of the multiply resistant
      transconjugants contained a detectable plasmid; DNA homology studies with R
      plasmids of H. influenzae confirmed that these extrachromosomal DNA sequences
      were associated with chromosomal DNA and that an extrachromosomal location was
      rare.

PMID- 6379062
TI  - Vaginal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus, positive for toxic-shock marker
      protein, and Escherichia coli in healthy women.
AB  - The vaginal colonization of 495 healthy women with strains of Staphylococcus
      aureus positive for the toxic-shock marker protein (pyrogenic exotoxic C) was
      examined prospectively. Production of the marker protein was detected by analytic
      isoelectrofocusing of culture filtrates in polyacrylamide gels (isoelectric
      point, 7.2). Toxicogenic strains of S. aureus were isolated from 2.6% of the
      women and nontoxicogenic strains from 4.0%. Vaginal carriage of toxicogenic S.
      aureus was found to be significantly correlated only with coisolation of
      Escherichia coli when a number of factors were analyzed by multivariate logistic
      regression and compared with values among women carrying no vaginal S. aureus or
      only nontoxicogenic strains (odds ratios, 8.17 and 11.02, respectively; 95%
      confidence intervals, 2.27-29.31 and 1.42-85.31, respectively). These data may
      explain the higher rate of vaginal colonization with E. coli in addition to
      toxicogenic S. aureus among women with toxic-shock syndrome (64%) than among age
      matched control women (12%; P less than .001).

PMID- 6379063
TI  - Localization of urinary tract infection in patients with spinal cord injury.
AB  - The site of urinary tract infection (UTI) was localized in asymptomatic
      bacteriuric patients with spinal cord injury who underwent intermittent bladder
      catheterization by the bladder washout (BWO) test, antibody-coated bacteria (ACB)
      test, quantitative urinary leukocyte count, ultrasonography, and excretory
      urography. Thirty-two (43%) of 74 UTIs were localized by BWO to the upper tract
      and 42 (57%) to the lower tract. Sensitivity of the ACB test in detecting upper
      UTI as defined by BWO was 0.28, and specificity was 0.86. The median urinary
      leukocyte count in 22 BWO-positive infections tested was 420 vs. 94 in 24 BWO
      negative infections (P = .01). Patients with polymicrobic infections or with
      upper tract abnormalities, as detected by ultrasound or excretory urography, were
      more likely to have BWO-positive infections. We conclude that negative BWOs are
      usually associated with negative ACB tests in this population, but further
      comparisons of both tests with ureteral catheterization are needed to clarify the
      meaning of results in either assay.

PMID- 6379064
TI  - Experimental immunologically mediated aplastic anemia (AA) in mice: cyclosporin A
      fails to protect against AA.
AB  - Immunologically mediated aplastic anemia (AA) in mice was induced by the i.v.
      injection of 10(7) lymph node cells (LNC) from H-2k identical but Mls mismatched
      CBA/J donor mice into previously irradiated (600 rad total body gamma) C3H/HeJ
      mice. Cyclosporin A (CsA), 25 mg/kg, was administered subcutaneously from day -1
      to day 30. Control mice included C3H/HeJ mice which received 600 rad alone,
      C3H/HeJ mice which received 600 rad plus CsA as above, and C3H/HeJ mice which
      received 600 rad total body irradiation followed by 10(7) LNC from CBA/J donors.
      CsA failed to prevent lethal AA. These results suggest that the pathogenetic
      mechanisms operating in immunologically mediated AA differ from the mechanisms
      operating in rodents transplanted with allogeneically mismatched marrow or spleen
      cells which develop graft-versus-host disease. The results are consistent with a
      non-T cell-dependent mechanism causing the AA.

PMID- 6379065
TI  - [Study on sequential anastomoses in A-C bypass--internal configuration by casting
      injection technic].

PMID- 6379066
TI  - [Surgical correction in a case of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection
      of the entire left lung].

PMID- 6379067
TI  - [How animal genes are regulated in cell differentiation].

PMID- 6379068
TI  - [Conformational coupling in H+-pumps and ATP synthesis--analysis with anisotropic
      inhibitors of energy transduction in oxidative phosphorylation].

PMID- 6379069
TI  - [Removal of metal filling materials with ultrasonic vibration].

PMID- 6379070
TI  - [Kallmann's (olfacto-genital) syndrome--a case report].

PMID- 6379071
TI  - [Studies on distribution if immune cells in the decidua basalis of early
      pregnancy by immunoperoxidase technic using monoclonal antibodies].

PMID- 6379072
TI  - [Leukocyte migration inhibitory factor of synovial fluid lymphocytes in
      rheumatoid arthritis].
AB  - Synovial fluid lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis were examined
      for the presence of leukocyte migration inhibitory factor by the agarose
      technique of Clausen. T and B lymphocytes were stimulated with
      phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen, and the culture
      supernatants were used for the migration inhibitory test. Migration index of the
      culture supernatants of T cells from rheumatoid synovial fluids was significantly
      greater than those of peripheral blood from rheumatoid patients and healthy
      controls. The results indicated that the production of leukocyte migration
      inhibitory factor following stimulation by mitogens was decreased in the T cells
      of rheumatoid synovial fluid. In the rheumatoid synovial fluid there was a
      positive correlation between the migration index and polymorphonuclear leukocyte
      counts. A similar result was also obtained in the study of B cells from
      rheumatoid synovial fluid. These results suggest that the rheumatoid synovial
      lymphocytes have been already activated in the synovial fluid. On the other hand,
      the supernatants of rheumatoid synovial fluid showed an elevated migration index,
      exceeded 1.0 and higher than those of osteoarthritic synovial fluid. This
      suggests that chemotactic factors play an important part in the rheumatoid
      synovial fluid, though the leukocyte migration inhibitory factor is present in
      the rheumatoid fluid.

PMID- 6379073
TI  - [Dynamic studies on metal framework. Influence of the design of finishing lines
      on metal framework].

PMID- 6379074
TI  - [Tissue response of the sagittal suture to mechanical stimulus--tissue culture
      method].

PMID- 6379075
TI  - [Muscle control of mandibular movement. Complete upper denture case with
      unilateral TMJ injury].

PMID- 6379076
TI  - [Adjustment of crown height at the occlusal plane].

PMID- 6379077
TI  - Dupuytren's contracture: a comparative study of fasciectomy and dermofasciectomy
      in one hundred patients.
AB  - This study reviews one hundred patients with Dupuytren's disease treated
      surgically by the Derby Hand Unit between January 1975 and September 1981. One
      hundred and twenty-eight operations were assessed with a follow-up period from
      nine months to ninety months, average thirty-eight months. In thirty-five
      patients the overlying skin was excised and replaced by a full-thickness skin
      graft (dermofasciectomy). The remaining patients were treated by fasciectomy
      without skin excision. The overall recurrence rate after surgery was found to be
      46.5%. However skin excision and replacement following fasciectomy prevented any
      appreciable, if not all recurrence of Dupuytren's tissue. The function of the
      hand was assessed with regard to the improvement in flexion contracture; ability
      to flex the finger to the distal palmar crease; sensibility of the replaced skin;
      time to return to work and full activity. It was concluded that skin replacement
      did not jeopardize hand function.

PMID- 6379078
TI  - An old Cornish hand.
AB  - A wooden upper limb prosthesis, made c.1601, is illustrated with its
      documentation. It has remained in the possession of the descendants of its
      original wearer.

PMID- 6379079
TI  - [An experimental study on the marginal leakage of permanent dental cements bonded
      with temporary cements].

PMID- 6379080
TI  - Effects of ethanol ingestion on maternal and fetal glucose homeostasis.
AB  - Carbohydrate metabolism has been studied in the offspring of rats fed liquid diet
      containing ethanol during gestation (EF group). Weight-matched control dams were
      given liquid diet either by the pair-fed technique (PF group) or ad libitum (AF
      group). EF and PF dams showed reduced food consumption and attenuated gain in
      body weight during the gestation period compared with the AF group. Blood
      glucose, liver glycogen, and plasma insulin levels were significantly reduced in
      EF and PF dams. Ethanol ingestion resulted in a significant decrease in litter
      survival and fetal body weight. At term, EF pups on average showed a 30% decrease
      in blood glucose levels and 40% decrease in plasma insulin levels compared with
      AF pups. One hour after birth, EF pups exhibited a marked increase in blood sugar
      level compared with either control group; subsequently, there was a marked
      decrease in blood glucose levels in EF pups. Liver glycogen stores were
      significantly reduced in term EF fetuses and were mobilized more rapidly in EF
      neonates than in either control group. Fetal hyperinsulinemia disappeared shortly
      after delivery in control pups, as expected; however, in EF pups, the fall in
      plasma insulin level was gradual. Fetal and neonatal plasma glucagon levels were
      not altered by ethanol exposure in utero. Blood glucose levels remained
      significantly low at 2 days of age in EF pups, but reached near control values at
      4 days of age. Plasma insulin and glucagon were nearly equal in EF and control
      pups at 2 and 4 days of age. These results show aberrations in blood glucose,
      plasma insulin, and liver glycogen levels in offspring exposed to ethanol in
      utero.

PMID- 6379081
TI  - Kentucky's Doctors Elkin contributions to growth of Emory's medical School.

PMID- 6379082
TI  - Management of middle-ear effusions in children.
AB  - A double-blind placebo controlled trial of Mucodyne (carbocisteine, Berk
      Pharmaceuticals), Actifed (triprolidine HC1 and pseudoephedrine HC1, Wellcome)
      and combined Mucodyne and Actifed in the treatment of middle-ear effusions is
      reported. The trial was undertaken to assess whether either preparation, alone or
      in combination, would reduce the number of children requiring surgical treatment
      for this condition. No statistical difference between the various groups in
      avoiding surgical treatment was detected. In those patients undergoing surgery,
      pre-operative treatment with Mucodyne was associated with a significantly greater
      number of ears restored to a normal appearance and middle ear function as
      measured by tympanometry. All patients relapsing after surgery belonged to the
      groups receiving placebo, Actifed or the combination of Mucodyne and Actifed
      prior to the operation.

PMID- 6379083
TI  - A human lymphokine activates macrophage C3 receptors for phagocytosis: studies
      using monoclonal anti-lymphokine antibodies.
AB  - We have identified a human T lymphocyte cell line, the Mo line, that
      constitutively elaborates a lymphokine that activates macrophage receptors for
      the third complement component (C3) for phagocytosis. The molecule is physically,
      functionally, and immunologically very similar, if not identical, to a previously
      characterized murine lymphokine. Both molecules were inactivated by the same
      physical and chemical treatments, activated macrophage C3 receptors for
      phagocytosis, and freed macrophage C3 receptors to move within the cell's plasma
      membrane. In addition, both the human and the murine products were recognized by
      the same monoclonal antibodies. Treatment with monoclonal antibodies abolished
      both the ability of lymphokine-containing supernatants to mobilize macrophage C3
      receptors and the supernatants' ability to activate C3 receptor-mediated
      phagocytosis. The dose-response curves for both effects of the antibodies were
      identical, strongly suggesting that a single molecule was responsible for both
      effects and that the lymphokine activated marophage C3 receptors for phagocytosis
      by freeing the anchored receptors and allowing them to diffuse within the cell's
      plasma membrane. These findings strengthen the hypothesis that, for a receptor to
      promote phagocytosis, it must be able to diffuse within the macrophage plasma
      membrane.

PMID- 6379084
TI  - Reconstruction experience with myocutaneous and osteomyocutaneous skin flaps in
      oncological surgery of the head and neck.
AB  - Our experience in the field of oncological surgery of the head and neck enables
      us to present 26 cases operated upon, analysing the complications and the
      results, and suggesting immediate reconstruction using myocutaneous and
      osteomyocutaneous skin flaps due to their advantages as shown. We also present
      the different criteria considered in the choice of each of the three different
      flaps which our department uses.

PMID- 6379085
TI  - Augmentation of the atrophic maxilla with interpositional autogenous bone grafts.
AB  - Extreme ridge atrophy is a significant problem when it occurs in the maxilla,
      since inadequate denture function, as well as poor facial aesthetics, commonly
      result. Use of the Le Fort I osteotomy of the maxilla with interpositional iliac
      cortico-cancellous bone grafts is a predictable method of ridge augmentation in
      severe cases. In our experience, secondary vestibuloplasty has not been necessary
      prior to construction of new prostheses. Patient satisfaction has been excellent.

PMID- 6379086
TI  - [Contribution of digital intravenous angiography in the assessment of the
      postoperative results after surgery of the vessels of the neck].
AB  - Forty-six patients who had undergone neck vessel surgery were investigated
      postoperatively by intravenous digitalised angiography. In 30 patients an
      endarterectomy had been performed and in one case the examination did not provide
      satisfactory opacification of the carotid vessels. In 29 cases the result was of
      satisfactory quality: the appearance of the operative site was normal in 21
      patients, dilated in 3, irregular in 7 and stenosed in 1. Twenty patients had
      undergone a bypass. There was one failure and 19 results suitable for analysis.
      The bypass was normal in appearance and permeable in 14 cases, irregular in 1,
      dilated in 2 and obstructed in 2. Overall, intravenous digitalised angiography
      provided satisfactory assessment of the operative result in 96% of patients.

PMID- 6379087
TI  - Absence of nuclear progesterone receptor in LH releasing hormone in laying hens.
AB  - Using a double immunohistochemical technique, LH releasing hormone (LHRH)
      neurones and 110kDa nuclear progesterone receptor were localized in the
      hypothalamus of the laying hen. Nuclear progesterone receptor was widely
      distributed throughout the hypothalamus, occurring in the preoptic, septal,
      anterior and basal areas. The region where progesterone receptor was revealed in
      nuclei of neurones overlapped that containing LHRH neurones. However, LHRH cell
      bodies did not contain progesterone nuclear receptor. It is concluded that the
      positive feedback action of progesterone on LH release is not mediated by a
      genomic mechanism within the LHRH neurone.

PMID- 6379088
TI  - Insulin binding and action in adipocytes of pregnant rats: evidence that insulin
      resistance is caused by post-receptor binding defects.
AB  - Insulin resistance was investigated in the adipose cell of rats which were at
      days 16 and 20 of pregnancy. Data are presented to relate insulin binding and
      biological effect, which was evaluated by the ability of insulin to stimulate [1
      14C]glucose oxidation. Adipocytes from pregnant rats bound more insulin than fat
      cells from control (non-pregnant) animals and the number of insulin receptors per
      adipocyte increased during pregnancy. Basal glucose oxidation rate was decreased
      at 16 and 20 days of pregnancy: however, the dose-response curve for insulin
      stimulated glucose oxidation was significantly depressed only after 20 days of
      pregnancy. The concentration at which insulin increased glucose oxidation by 50%
      increased with the duration of pregnancy. We conclude that during pregnancy in
      the rat the adipocyte response to insulin was decreased, despite an increase in
      insulin binding. This result suggests that a major determinant of insulin
      resistance in rat adipocytes during pregnancy is present after the initial
      insulin-receptor interaction. Consequently, a post-receptor defect may be largely
      responsible for the insulin resistance.

PMID- 6379089
TI  - Some effects of parathyroidectomy on cell-mediated immune responses in the rat.
AB  - Xenografts of mouse tail skin to the rib cages of normal and sham
      parathyroidectomized rats caused an increase in plasma calcium concentration and
      concomitant increase in bone marrow mitosis. Neither was elicited in aparathyroid
      rats and graft survival was prolonged in these animals. No hypercalcaemic episode
      was associated with the delayed hypersensitivity response induced by painting rat
      ears with oxazolone. Compared with the response in sham-parathyroidectomized
      rats, that in parathyroidectomized rats was enhanced although both responses were
      less than that in normal rats. Parathyroidectomy of parental donors did not
      affect the ability of their splenic lymphocytes to mount a graft-versus-host
      response in F1 hybrid recipients. When sham-operated and aparathyroid parents
      were sensitized with F1 hybrid lymphocytes no differences were observed in a
      subsequent graft-versus-host response in F1 recipients. However, when
      aparathyroid F1 recipients were employed a marked reduction in the graft-versus
      host reaction was observed. Thus the clonal expansion of cells with specific
      reactivity to certain antigens in secondary lymphoid tissue, which is driven by
      those same specific antigens, is not affected or only moderately affected by the
      parathyroid status of the animal. However, the more general increase in
      lymphocyte numbers promoted by non-specific mitogenic lymphokines is markedly
      impaired in the hypocalcaemic parathyroidectomized rat. Furthermore, the
      parathyroid gland is essential for the development of a hypercalcaemic episode
      which follows antigenic challenge and causes cell proliferation in primary
      lymphoid tissues. This surge of mitosis could serve to replenish the depleted
      pools of virgin T and B lymphocytes in the secondary lymphoid tissue which occur
      as a result of their response to antigens.

PMID- 6379090
TI  - Pulpal dystrophic calcification.

PMID- 6379091
TI  - Time trends of spina bifida in Sweden 1947-81.
AB  - The spina bifida rate in Sweden from 1947 to 1981 has been studied using various
      sources of information, including two central computerised registers. During the
      period the rate approximately halved, but the decline was not smooth and occurred
      in three "waves." When the geographical location of high risk areas within each
      wave was studied, they were found to differ. The findings are discussed in the
      light of an environmental aetiology hypothesis of this malformation.

PMID- 6379092
TI  - Seasonal variation in the frequency of anencephalus and spina bifida births in
      the United Kingdom.
AB  - There have been statistically significant seasonal variations of annencephalus
      and spina bifida in each country of the United Kingdom during 1964-79 with the
      exception of anencephalus births in Northern Ireland. The seasonal peaks, where
      discernible, are in phase. Embryos appear to develop anencephalus most commonly
      in May-June and spina bifida in July.

PMID- 6379093
TI  - Mechanics, power output and efficiency of the swimming muskrat (Ondatra
      zibethicus).
AB  - The surface swimming of muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus Linnaeus) was studied by
      forcing individual animals to swim against a constant water current, of velocity
      ranging from 0.2 to 0.75 m s-1, in a recirculating water channel. Lateral and
      ventral views of the swimming muskrats were filmed simultaneously for analysis of
      thrust by the propulsive appendages. Drag measurements and flow visualization on
      dead muskrats demonstrated that these animals experience large resistive forces
      due to the formation of waves and a turbulent wake, because of the pressure and
      gravitational components which dominate the drag force. Biomechanical analysis
      demonstrated that thrust is mainly generated by alternating strokes of the
      hindfeet in the paddling mode. A general lengthening of the hindfeet and presence
      of lateral fringe hairs on each digit increase the surface area of the foot to
      produce thrust more effectively during the power phase of the stroke cycle.
      Increased energy loss from drag on the foot during the recovery phase is
      minimized by configural and temporal changes of the hindfoot. Employing the
      models developed by Blake (1979, 1980a,b) for paddle propulsion, it was found
      that as the arc through which the hindfeet were swept increased with increasing
      velocity the computed thrust power increased correspondingly. However, the
      frequency of the stroke cycle remained relatively constant across all velocities
      at a level of 2.5 Hz. Both mechanical and aerobic efficiencies rose to a maximum
      with increasing swimming velocity. The aerobic efficiency, which examined the
      transformation of metabolic power input to thrust power output reached a value of
      0.046 at 0.75 m s-1. The mechanical efficiency expressing the relationship of the
      thrust power generated by the paddling hindfeet and laterally compressed tail
      (Fish, 1982a,b) to the total mechanical power developed by the propulsive
      appendages increased to a maximum of 0.33 at 0.75 m s-1. I conclude that the
      paddling mode of swimming in the muskrat is relatively inefficient when compared
      to swimming modes which maintain a nearly continuous thrust force over the entire
      propulsive cycle. However, the paddling mode permits the muskrat to generate
      propulsive forces effectively while swimming at the surface. The evolution of
      this mode for semi-aquatic mammals represents only a slight modification from a
      terrestrial type of locomotion.

PMID- 6379094
TI  - Secretion by the Malpighian tubules of Rhodnius prolixus stal: electrical events.
AB  - Transepithelial and intracellular potentials have been simultaneously recorded
      from Rhodnius upper Malpighian tubules before and after stimulation of fluid
      secretion. The transepithelial electrical response to the diuretic hormone mimic
      5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was triphasic; recordings of intracellular potential
      changes indicated that the three phases represented successive events at the
      apical membrane. Depolarizations produced by increasing the bathing medium
      potassium concentration indicated that the basal membrane was much more permeable
      to potassium than to sodium. Electrical responses to chloride-free saline were
      inconsistent with a significant basal membrane chloride permeability. Chloride
      movements across the basal membrane were opposed by an electrical gradient of
      about 65 mV. The results of experiments in which tubules were exposed to chloride
      free saline or sodium-free saline suggested that chloride entry into the cells
      was linked to the entry of Na+ and K+. The effects of furosemide and bumetanide
      upon secretion and potential changes suggested that chloride crossed the basal
      membrane through co-transport with Na+ and K+. Chloride probably crosses the
      apical membrane into the lumen passively in response to a favourable electrical
      gradient of about 35 mV. Cations must be actively pumped into the lumen against
      an electrical gradient of 35 mV. Our results support previous evidence for an
      apical cation pump which actively transports Na and K into the lumen. A tentative
      model of ionic movements during fluid secretion is presented. It is suggested
      that the apical cation pump maintains sodium at low intracellular concentrations,
      thereby maintaining a favourable gradient for entry of Na+ through the proposed
      basal co-transport step. The suggested stoichiometry is Na+:K+:2 Cl-.

PMID- 6379095
TI  - Computer-assisted instruction and the use of PILOT.

PMID- 6379096
TI  - Electrophoretic analysis of pancreatic proteases and zymogen-activating factors
      in the mouse.
AB  - Mouse pancreatic proteases were analyzed by one- and two-dimensional
      electrophoresis. Active proteases that existed in the luminal fluid were
      separated into at least eight bands in 8% polyacrylamide gel. Pancreatic
      proteases activated by intestinal extract were separated into at least seven
      bands. The mobilities of these bands were exactly the same as those of proteases
      in the luminal fluid except for those of the most cathodal band. Two kinds of
      trypsin (Try-I group and Try-II) and one kind of chymotrypsin (Chy-I) were
      determined by specific and nonspecific protease staining. Try-I group and Try-II
      were derived from different trypsinogens (Try G-I group and Try G-II), whereas
      Chy-I was derived from a single chymotrypsinogen (Chy G). Although Try G-II was
      activated by both intestinal extract and by bovine trypsin, Try G-I group
      activated only by intestinal extract. Intestinal-activating factors were analyzed
      by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Mouse enterokinase (enteropeptidase EC
      3.4.4.8), which can activate bovine trypsinogen, had a slow mobility. In the
      intestine of the mouse there are several activating factors in addition to
      enterokinase. Although it is unclear what intestinal-activating factors can
      activate Chy G, there is a factor that can convert chymotrypsinogen into
      chymotrypsin directly. These data suggest that intestinal-activating factors play
      an important role in the activating mechanisms of mouse pancreatic zymogens.

PMID- 6379097
TI  - Distribution of a proteinase inhibitor of epididymal origin in the tissues and
      secretions of the male reproductive tract of mice.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies to a low molecular weight, acid-stable acrosin-trypsin
      inhibitor isolated from epididymal homogenates were used to localize the
      inhibitor in tissues and secretions of the male reproductive tract of mice. The
      inhibitor, identified by indirect immunofluorescence, is present in the testes
      and in the apical portion of the epithelial cells from the caput region of the
      epididymis of both intact and efferentiectomized animals. Sperm isolated from the
      testes and caput epididymal region show inhibitor-positive fluorescence on the
      anterior acrosomal region. The inhibitor could not be localized on ductus or
      electroejaculated sperm or ductus sperm previously incubated in a purified
      inhibitor solution. Furthermore, the inhibitor was not visible in the copulatory
      plug of recently inseminated animals or on sperm recovered from the uterus or
      from an artificial capacitating medium. The inhibitor could be detected by an
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the supernatants of detergent treated or
      frozen-thawed caput sperm but not of ductus sperm. The data suggest that the
      inhibitor, made in both the testes and caput epididymis where it associates with
      the sperm, is lost from the sperm or irreversibly masked during the epididymal
      sojourn.

PMID- 6379098
TI  - Discussion of "George Armstrong Custer and the Battle of the Little Bighorn:
      homicide or mass suicide".

PMID- 6379099
TI  - The electrophoretic analysis of the third component of complement (C3) in dried
      bloodstains.
AB  - The polymorphic serum protein C3, which is the third component of the classical
      complement system, has been analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and
      immunofixation. It is sufficiently stable that phenotyping can be performed from
      dried bloodstains maintained at room temperature for at least two weeks or kept
      frozen for at least one month. Because its rate of migration differs from that of
      group specific component (Gc) in Tris-glycine buffer, both genetic markers can be
      simultaneously phenotyped.

PMID- 6379100
TI  - The mechanism of peripheral vasoconstriction during nonpulsatile cardiopulmonary
      bypass.

PMID- 6379101
TI  - Baculovirus replication: phosphorylation of polypeptides synthesized in
      Trichoplusia ni nuclear polyhedrosis virus-infected cells.
AB  - A number of polypeptides synthesized specifically in Trichoplusia ni multiple
      nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (T. ni MNPV)-infected Spodoptera
      frugiperda cells are phosphorylated both early and late in infection. Certain non
      structural proteins and the major basic internal protein are the main
      phosphoproteins detected in infected cells. The polyhedron protein was not
      phosphorylated. Many cell proteins continue to be phosphorylated throughout
      infection. Pulse-chase experiments have shown that some polypeptides are stably
      phosphorylated whereas other polypeptides (including the major basic protein)
      have phosphates which cycle on and off. One polypeptide was substantially
      labelled only after a chase with unlabelled orthophosphate. Fractionation of
      cells into nucleus and cytoplasm showed that polypeptides located in both the
      cytoplasm and nucleus were phosphorylated.

PMID- 6379102
TI  - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. VII. Structural alterations of the virion by
      treatment with proteolytic enzymes without loss of infectivity.
AB  - Treatment of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus with proteolytic enzymes,
      hyaluronidase, and phospholipase C increased infectious titres. Biochemical
      analysis of bromelain- and trypsin-treated virus revealed that infectivity was
      high in spite of the decrease to low or undetectable levels of all viral
      glycoproteins as well as partial degradation of the nucleoprotein.

PMID- 6379103
TI  - Portacaval anastomosis: brain and plasma metabolite abnormalities and the effect
      of nutritional therapy.
AB  - Rats with portacaval shunts were used as a model of hepatic encephalopathy and
      compared to shamoperated controls. First, the changes in intermediary metabolites
      and amino acids in blood and whole brain were characterized and found to be
      similar at 4 and 7 weeks after shunting. Second, the effects of nutritional
      therapy on selected metabolites and tryptophan transport into brain were assessed
      in rats 5 weeks after surgery. Ordinary food was removed and the rats were
      treated with glucose given either by mouth or intravenously, or intravenous
      glucose plus branched chain amino acids. Several abnormalities in plasma amino
      acid concentrations were reversed by treatment. The abnormally high brain uptake
      index of tryptophan, a consequence of portacaval shunting, was not lowered by any
      of the treatment regimens; it was even higher in the groups given glucose by
      mouth and glucose plus amino acids. Calculated competition for entry of
      tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine into brain was unchanged (glucose plus
      amino acids), or reduced (glucose alone). Brain glutamine content was brought to
      near normal by all treatments. Infusion of glucose plus branched chain amino
      acids normalized brain content of tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine, even
      though the brain uptake index of tryptophan was higher in this group. Thus,
      partial or complete reversal of several abnormalities found after portacaval
      shunting was achieved by removal of oral food and administration of glucose. The
      addition of branched chain amino acids to the glucose infusion restored brain
      content of three aromatic amino acids to near normal, by a mechanism which
      appeared to be unrelated to transport across the blood-brain barrier.

PMID- 6379104
TI  - A library of monoclonal antibodies to Torpedo cholinergic synaptosomes.
AB  - A library of monoclonal antibodies was generated to the cholinergic synaptosome.
      The immunogen was a preparation of highly purified synaptosomes from Torpedo
      electric organ. One hundred forty-one hybridoma cell lines were generated from
      the fusion of a single mouse. Tests reveal these cells produce antibodies with a
      vast range of neuronal specificities. The initial screen for specificity of
      antibody production was solid phase radioimmune binding to the original, highly
      purified synaptosome preparation. Subsequent tissue specificity tests have
      indicated that most antibodies are synaptosome-specific amongst the fish tissues
      tested: brain, liver, and purified synaptic vesicles. Less than 11% cross-react
      with liver. Many antibodies cross-react with frog and rat CNS. Localization
      within the frog and rat nervous tissue has revealed a vast array of antibody
      staining patterns. Some antibodies stain in a synaptic fashion. A few stain a
      restricted set of mammalian CNS neurons. Others define a broader set of CNS
      neurons. These Torpedo antibodies promise to be valuable probes with which to
      describe the molecular cell biology of the nervous system, of neurons in general,
      and of cholinergic neurons in particular.

PMID- 6379105
TI  - Herpes simplex encephalitis. Immunohistological demonstration of spread of virus
      via olfactory and trigeminal pathways after infection of facial skin in mice.
AB  - An immunohistological study of viral antigen (VA) in the brain was carried out in
      mice which had been infected with herpes simplex type 1 virus (HSV) in the skin
      of the face. In 77% of the mice with VA in the brain the olfactory system as well
      as the trigeminal system/brainstem was affected. The remaining 23% had VA in the
      trigeminal system/brainstem only. Eye swab cultures yielded HSV from all mice
      with VA in the olfactory system. The ease of access of virus infecting the face
      to the olfactory system shown in this model may have implications for human
      infections.

PMID- 6379106
TI  - In vitro tumoricidal activity of immunoadsorbed leukemic serum.
AB  - We studied the ability of untreated or immunoadsorbed acute myelogenous leukemia
      (AML) sera to kill AML blasts. Culture of blasts with sera adsorbed to protein A
      bearing Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC), resulted in a marked loss of blast
      viability (42.7% of control). Immunoadsorption against non-protein A-bearing Wood
      46 strain of S. aureus did not induce serum cytotoxic activity (94.8% viable
      cells). Sera adsorbed to Sepharose-bound protein A also killed blasts in vitro
      (64.3% viable cells). The addition of untreated sera to SAC-treated cultures
      partly abrogated the effect, suggesting a blocking substance in untreated serum.
      Cytotoxicity was not complement-dependent nor did it appear to be cell mediated.
      It was, however, eliminated by trypsin treatment of SAC-treated sera. These
      studies suggest that SAC-treated AML serum contains a protein that is cytotoxic
      to AML blasts, and that this protein is partly inactivated by untreated AML
      serum, possibly through interaction with immunoglobulins. The mechanism described
      here may be one of several mechanisms leading to tumor necrosis in tumor-bearing
      hosts treated with SAC-immunoadsorbed plasma.

PMID- 6379107
TI  - Staphylococcal protein A immunoadsorptive column induces mitogenicity in perfused
      plasma.
AB  - A Phase I trial of therapy with the staphylococcal protein A immunoadsorptive
      column was conducted in six patients with advanced breast or brain cancer. Four
      of the patients reacted strongly to the therapy with high fever, chills, and
      rigors. The plasma of these four patients after perfusion over the column was
      strongly mitogenic to normal lymphocytes. This mitogenicity apparently was
      dependent on the amount of protein A on the matrix; small attached doses caused
      mitogenicity, while higher doses also induced clinical symptoms. Mitogenicity was
      not due to protein A leached from the column, as determined by heat-inactivation
      experiments. From these data it appears likely that the mitogenic plasma
      component generated by perfusion of the plasma over a protein A matrix is
      responsible, at least in part, for the immunomodulatory activity of the
      staphylococcal protein A immunoadsorptive column.

PMID- 6379108
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in breast tumors of patients following treatment with
      plasma perfused over immobilized protein A.

PMID- 6379109
TI  - Molecular organization of the protein A gene and its expression in recombinant
      host organisms.
AB  - This report is a preliminary description of the cloning, DNA sequence
      determination, and expression of the protein A gene from Staphylococcus aureus in
      Escherichia coli and yeast recombinant host systems. The deduced amino acid
      sequences of the Fc-binding domains agree well with a previously published
      peptide analysis. The deduced amino acid sequence of the cell wall anchorage
      domain reveals 11 short repeating units (designated S repeats). The S repeat
      consensus sequence is the octapeptide Lys-Pro-Gly-Lys-glu-Asp-Gly-Asn. The
      potential for the use of genetic engineering to enhance the therapeutic utility
      of the protein A molecule is also discussed.

PMID- 6379110
TI  - Experience with Staphylococcus aureus and protein A in the treatment of canine
      malignancies.

PMID- 6379111
TI  - Perfusion of plasma over Staphylococcus aureus: release of bacterial products is
      related to regression of tumor.

PMID- 6379112
TI  - Adsorption of plasma from tumor-bearing hosts over protein A--containing
      nonviable Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I: possible mechanism of antitumor
      reactions.
AB  - Adsorption of autologous plasma over nonviable Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I
      (SAC) followed by reinfusion of the plasma causes regression of (a) chemically
      induced rat mammary adenocarcinomas (MA), and (b) canine transmissible venereal
      tumors (TVT) and spontaneously occurring dog tumors. Animal data are more
      impressive than that from trials in humans. Nine of 41 patients receiving
      perfusions of adsorbed plasma showed some partial objective response. Eight of
      these nine patients received multiple perfusions over a period of time. Twenty
      one of 41 patients showed subjective responses. Adsorption of autologous plasma
      over non-protein A--containing S. aureus Wood 46 caused regression of MA.
      Adsorption of normal rat plasma with SAC, and infusion of this adsorbed plasma
      into mammary tumor--bearing rats, caused regression of MA. Intravenous infusion
      of purified protein A alone caused regression of both rat MA and canine TVT.
      Superimposed on this observation is the finding that, during plasma adsorption,
      bacterial moieties leach from SAC. It is possible that the immunostimulation
      observed in plasma-perfused hosts is due to the removal of plasma blocking agents
      on one hand, and introduction of the bacterial agents on the other.

PMID- 6379113
TI  - Plasma therapy of primary rat mammary carcinoma: antitumor activity of tumor
      bearer plasma adsorbed against inactivated CNBr sepharose or protein A-sepharose.
AB  - We evaluated the ability of plasma adsorbed against Sepharose, inactivated CNBr
      Sepharose, or protein A-Sepharose to inhibit the growth of primary mammary
      carcinomas in Buffalo/N rats. Mammary adenocarcinomas were induced by a single
      intravenous injection of N-nitroso N-methylurea. When palpable mammary tumors
      were detected, rats were treated by infusion of plasma obtained from normal or
      tumor-bearing rats. Animals were killed 50 days after entry into the experiment;
      the index mammary tumor and any subsequently arising tumors were weighed and
      examined histologically. Unadsorbed plasma obtained from normal or tumor-bearing
      rats had no detectable antitumor effect. Normal plasma adsorbed against Sepharose
      or Sepharose derivatives had no significant antitumor effect. Weight (median) of
      index mammary tumors in groups of rats treated with normal plasma adsorbed
      against Sepharose alone, inactivated CNBr Sepharose alone, or protein A-
      Sepharose alone was not significantly different from weight of tumors of
      untreated, control animals. Tumor-bearer plasma adsorbed against either
      inactivated CNBr Sepharose or protein A-Sepharose had significant antitumor
      effect. Weight of index mammary tumors in groups of rats treated with tumor
      bearer plasma adsorbed to inactivated CNBr Sepharose alone or against protein A
      Sepharose alone was significantly less than weight of tumors in control rats.
      Tumor-bearer plasma adsorbed against Sepharose alone inhibited tumor growth in
      one experiment but not in a second experiment. Tests for endotoxin in CNBr
      Sepharose indicated the presence of approximately 1 ng endotoxin/g Sepharose.
      Administration of nanogram quantities of Salmonella enteritidis endotoxin in
      saline did not inhibit growth of primary mammary tumors. These experiments
      describe a rodent model that may be useful in the analysis of the basis of the
      inhibition of tumor growth that occurs following administration of adsorbed
      plasma.

PMID- 6379114
TI  - Staphylococcal protein A in neoplastic disease.

PMID- 6379115
TI  - Clinical trials with Staphylococcus aureus and protein A in the treatment of
      malignant disease.
AB  - Perfusion of plasma from tumor-bearing animals over Staphylococcus aureus with
      membrane-bound protein A has resulted in significant tumor shrinkage. Similar
      therapy has now been given to 16 patients by three methods. No tumor responses
      have been observed. Five patients were treated with perfusion over fixed and
      killed S. aureus Cowan I. Cardiovascular and respiratory toxicity was excessive
      and appeared to be related to volume and rate of plasma infused. Eight patients
      were treated with perfusion of autologous plasmas over protein A-collodion
      charcoal. Doses of plasma ranged from 50 to 450 ml. No toxicity was noted. Three
      patients have been treated with perfusion over protein A-silica. Toxicity in two
      resembled that seen in the S. aureus trials, although it was not as severe. We
      conclude that the toxicity of this therapy can be life-threatening, and human
      trials should be undertaken with caution.

PMID- 6379116
TI  - Clinical experiences with extracorporeal immunoperfusion of plasma from cancer
      patients.
AB  - We have treated 11 patients having a variety of tumor types and three patients
      having mitomycin-C-associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) with
      extracorporeal plasma perfusion through filters containing immobilized protein A
      from Staphylococcus aureus. In performing more than 140 procedures we observed
      only minimal toxicity, of which fever, chills, nausea, and vomiting were the most
      common symptoms, occurring in 25% of the patients. Significant decrease in blood
      pressure and bronchospasm were rare complications. However, none of these side
      effects were severe enough to require therapeutic intervention. The antitumor
      effect of immunoperfusion was modest. In 10 adequately treated patients there was
      one measurable tumor reduction (40% decrease of original tumor mass). Two
      patients had correction of total small bowel obstruction, with return to normal
      food intake and restoration of normal bowel habits, lasting for 6 and 3 months;
      and two of the two adequately treated TTP patients had dramatic hematological
      improvement after four and five immunoperfusion treatments and are well at
      present. We found direct correlation between extent of complement activation and
      clinical toxicity. By temperature manipulation of the perfusion procedure we were
      able to control the above-mentioned side effects caused by complement activation.

PMID- 6379117
TI  - Clinical response to protein a-treated plasma infusions and in vitro correlation.

PMID- 6379118
TI  - Extracorporeal perfusion of plasma over immobilized protein A in a patient with
      Kaposi's sarcoma and acquired immunodeficiency.
AB  - Plasma of a homosexual man with Kaposi's sarcoma and acquired immunodeficiency
      was perfused over a protein A column using a continuous-flow plasma-cell
      separator. Three liters of plasma was perfused during each procedure and returned
      to the patient at a plasma flow rate of 10-20 ml/min. Three treatments were
      performed over a 1-week period. Transient removal of IgG, immune complexes,
      antilymphocyte antibodies, and serum blocking factors to mitogenic lymphocyte
      stimulation was observed during each treatment. Although no striking regression
      occurred, microscopic examination of sarcomatous lesions revealed decrease of
      tumor cell density and collagen proliferation within the tumor.
      Immunohistochemical deposition of C3 was observed in the tumor lesions after
      treatment. Side effects from the treatment included a mild drop of systolic blood
      pressure, sinus tachycardia, and a decrease in platelet count.

PMID- 6379119
TI  - Clinical trials with staphylococcal protein A.
AB  - Several reports have indicated antitumor effects from the immunoadsorption of
      plasma from tumor-bearing animals and humans with protein A-containing
      Staphylococcus aureus. The columns used for these treatments have varied widely
      in design. In a Phase I trial at the University of Washington, we used protein A
      chemically linked to crystalline silica for continuous immunoadsorption of plasma
      in 20 patients with advanced malignancies. Separated blood was perfused
      continuously over columns containing 50-100 g of immunoadsorbent with 100-200 mg
      protein A. One calculated plasma volume was perfused over the columns for each
      treatment. Patients received between 1 and 22 treatments, in total, at one to
      three treatments per week. Two patients had in vitro treatment of plasma
      separated from a unit of whole blood obtained by phlebotomy. Side effects were
      common, were usually manageable, and included chills and fever, nausea, tumor
      pain, hypotension, and respiratory symptoms. The observed antitumor responses
      were modest. Three of seven patients with melanoma had indications of responses
      less than 50%. One of three patients with breast cancer had a response less than
      50%. The above studies demonstrate the feasibility of using staphylococcal
      protein A immunoadsorption in a larger group of patients with a more favorable
      disease stage.

PMID- 6379120
TI  - Full dose versus attenuated dose daunorubicin, cytosine arabinoside, and 6
      thioguanine in the treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in the elderly.
AB  - Between July 1, 1981 and November 1, 1982, 45 patients with acute nonlymphocytic
      leukemia (age, greater than or equal to 70 years) were randomly assigned to
      receive induction chemotherapy using either daunorubicin, cytosine arabinoside,
      and 6-thioguanine in full dosage (F DAT) or an attenuated schedule of the same
      drugs (At DAT) as part of an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group controlled trial.
      Forty patients were deemed evaluable, 20 on each arm. The overall complete
      remission (CR) rate for all patients in both arms was 28% (11/40). There was no
      significant difference in CR rates between the two arms. There were 12 early
      deaths (less than 60 days) in the F DAT arm compared with only five early deaths
      on the At DAT arm (P = .05). Due primarily to this early death rate, the median
      survival for the F DAT group was 29 days v 159 days for the At DAT groups (P =
      .02). The range of survival of the patients in CR for the At DAT group given
      either one or two cycles of induction therapy was 121 to 414 days, while the
      survival range for the F DAT CR patients was 121-186 + days. The median survival
      for those not achieving CR was 14 days for the F DAT group v 80 days for the At
      DAT (P less than .02). Fifty-nine percent of the At DAT patients spent greater
      than 100 days out of the hospital v 12% for the F DAT group. Attenuated
      chemotherapy with lower doses of DAT is the preferred induction regimen for
      elderly patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia since it causes fewer early
      deaths, allows a better quality of life, and yields survival times as durable as
      intensive therapy.

PMID- 6379121
TI  - Therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with T101
      monoclonal antibody.
AB  - The findings accompanying the administration of 50 intravenous courses of
      monoclonal antibody to human T-cell (T101) in eight patients, four with chronic
      lymphocytic leukemia and four with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma are reported.
      Infusion rates of 0.7 to 1 mg/min were associated with unacceptable toxicity in
      the presence of circulating target cells, but slower rates were well-tolerated.
      Immunofluorescence techniques confirmed that circulating cells did bind the
      antibody in vivo and were subsequently removed from the circulation. Modulation
      of the antigen on target cells in the bone marrow and skin has important
      implications for the schedule of administration of such antibodies, and points
      out the possible limitation of effector cell-mediated cytotoxicity at the tissue
      level. Production of anti-mouse antibodies resulted in neutralization of therapy
      in two patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and suggests that whether such an
      anti-mouse response is produced may be secondary to the underlying immune status
      of the patient or the amount of mouse protein to which immunocompetent cells are
      exposed. The relative specificity and efficacy of monoclonal antibody therapy is
      encouraging, but the limited clinical benefit and problems of modulation and anti
      mouse antibody production underscore the need for continued research into passive
      therapy and suggest that cytotoxic conjugates may be of more clinical value.

PMID- 6379122
TI  - A randomized study comparing chemotherapy alone with chemotherapy followed by
      radiotherapy in patients with pathologically staged IIIA Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - This paper reports the five-year follow-up (range, 1-8 years) of 56 patients with
      pathologic stage IIIA Hodgkin's disease randomized for chemotherapy alone or
      chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy to previous areas of disease (26 treated
      with mustine, vinblastine, procarbazine, and prednisolone [MVPP] alone, 30 with
      MVPP and radiotherapy). Of the 56 patients 53 (95%) achieved a complete remission
      with chemotherapy and of these only five (9%) have relapsed; three died of
      Hodgkin's disease. There was no improvement in relapse-free survival associated
      with the uses of radiotherapy following chemotherapy but in view of the small
      numbers of relapses and the excellent results following chemotherapy alone, a
      significant improvement could not be expected. The use of MVPP alone can be
      recommended as an alternative therapy for patients with stage IIIA Hodgkin's
      disease. This avoids both the physical and psychologic morbidity associated with
      the high relapse rate following extensive primary radiotherapy and the necessity
      of combined modality treatment for about half these patients. The question of
      whether radiotherapy should be given to areas of previous bulk following
      chemotherapy has not yet been answered in this trial which is continuing.

PMID- 6379123
TI  - Long-term remission durability and functional status of patients treated for
      diffuse histiocytic lymphoma with the CHOP regimen.
AB  - Thirty-eight (51%) of 75 patients treated with CHOP for diffuse histiocytic
      lymphoma achieved complete remission. Twenty-three of the complete responders are
      currently alive in complete remission 24-78 months (median, 38 months) after
      discontinuing therapy. Eleven patients died from recurrent lymphoma and four
      patients died in complete remission from other causes. Evaluation of the 23
      patients alive in complete remission found them mostly well and without serious
      sequelae to therapy. Comparison with 20 patients who were in the same age range,
      were disease free after surgery, and had no other therapy for colon cancer
      revealed only an increased frequency of sexual dysfunction in the chemotherapy
      treated lymphoma patients. Sixty-one percent of patients who achieved complete
      remission with the CHOP regimen are long-term disease-free survivors and are
      generally well except for an apparently high frequency of sexual dysfunction.

PMID- 6379124
TI  - Lymphokine-activated human blood monocytes destroy tumor cells but not normal
      cells under cocultivation conditions.
AB  - The possibility that tumoricidal human blood monocytes would recognize and
      destroy tumorigenic targets but leave bystander nontumorigenic cells unharmed was
      investigated. Highly purified preparations of peripheral blood monocytes isolated
      from normal human donors were activated in vitro by incubation with human
      lymphokines encapsulated in multilamellar liposomes. The cytotoxic properties of
      these monocytes against several tumorigenic and nontumorigenic allogeneic target
      cell populations were assessed by an in vitro radioisotope-release assay. Various
      combinations of three tumorigenic and three nontumorigenic target-cell
      populations, labeled with either [3H]thymidine or [14C]thymidine, were mixed and
      plated onto monolayers of blood monocytes. In all combinations used, activated
      monocytes specifically lysed only allogeneic neoplastic cells. At least in vitro,
      activated human blood monocytes can recognize and selectively destroy neoplastic
      cells.

PMID- 6379126
TI  - Adequacy of intravenous digital subtraction angiography: erratum.

PMID- 6379125
TI  - CT-guided stereotaxic evacuation of hypertensive intracerebral hematomas.
AB  - Computerized tomography (CT) is now available for diagnosis and localization of
      intracerebral hematoma. Computerized tomography-guided stereotaxic evacuation of
      hypertensive intracerebral hematoma was performed in 51 cases: 34 basal ganglion
      hematomas with or without ventricular perforation, 11 subcortical hematomas,
      three thalamic hematomas, and three cerebellar hematomas. Three-dimensional CT
      images or biplane CT images were taken to determine the coordinates of the target
      point, which was the center of the hematoma. A silicone tube (3.5 mm in outer
      diameter and 2.1 mm in inner diameter) was then inserted into the center of the
      hematoma through a burr-hole under local anesthesia, and the liquefied or solid
      portion of the hematoma was aspirated with a syringe. Immediately after the first
      trial of hematoma aspiration, urokinase (6000 IU/5 ml saline) was administered
      through this silicone tube and the drain was clipped. Subsequently, aspiration
      and infusion of urokinase were repeated every 6 or 12 hours until the hematoma
      was completely evacuated. The silicone tube was removed when repeat CT scanning
      revealed no residual hematoma. The follow-up results indicate that this procedure
      is as good as conventional craniotomy and evacuation of hematoma under direct
      vision. This CT-guided stereotaxic approach for evacuation of the hematoma has
      the following advantages: 1) the procedure is simple and safe; 2) the operation
      can be performed under local anesthesia; and 3) the hematoma is completely
      drained with the aid of urokinase. This procedure seems indicated as an emergency
      treatment for elderly or high-risk patients who show no signs of cerebral
      herniation.

PMID- 6379127
TI  - Hevesy Nuclear Medicine Lecture. Henry N. Wagner, Jr.

PMID- 6379128
TI  - JONA'S Semiannual Directory of Consultants to Nursing Administration.

PMID- 6379129
TI  - Icie Gertrude Macy Hoobler (1892-1984). A biographical sketch.

PMID- 6379130
TI  - Effect of manganese deficiency on insulin secretion and carbohydrate homeostasis
      in rats.
AB  - The effects of manganese (Mn) deficiency on carbohydrate metabolism in the
      Sprague-Dawley rat were investigated. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed
      on offspring from Mn-sufficient female rats fed 45 micrograms Mn per gram diet (C
      C), offspring from Mn-deficient female rats fed 1 microgram Mn per gram diet (D1
      D1) and rats not exposed to Mn deficiency in utero but fed D1 diet from weaning
      to maturity (D1). Mn-deficient rats, D1 and D1-D1, had significantly lower
      concentrations of Mn in liver, kidney, heart and pancreas than controls. D1-D1
      rats responded with a diabetic type of glucose tolerance curve when given oral
      glucose. Insulin levels of D1-D1 rats were not commensurate with their high
      glucose levels. Measurements made by using an isolated perfused-pancreas
      preparation indicate that insulin output due to release of stored hormone was 76%
      of control levels in D1-D1 rats. This suggests either lower insulin stores or
      impaired release of insulin in D1-D1 rats. Second phase insulin release was also
      significantly lower in D1-D1 rats than in controls. Pancreatic insulin content
      was 63% of control levels in D1-D1 rats, further supporting the idea of lower
      insulin stores in Mn-deficient rats. No differences in plasma glucose levels were
      observed between D1 rats and controls after an oral-glucose load. These findings
      indicate that dietary Mn deficiency can result in impaired insulin secretion
      producing impaired carbohydrate metabolism; however, the timing of the deficiency
      may be a critical factor in the expression of this abnormality.

PMID- 6379131
TI  - Medical evaluation for respirator use.
AB  - Medical certification for respirator use should be based on understanding of
      their respiratory, cardiac, mechanical, psychological, and other effects. Work
      environmental factors (e.g., level of hazard and work load of the job),
      respirator characteristics, and personal characteristics of the worker should
      determine the evaluative procedures used; a three-level scheme is suggested.

PMID- 6379132
TI  - Diagnosis of pleural malignant mesothelioma in life--a practical approach.
AB  - This review documents a practical approach to the pathological diagnosis of
      pleural malignant mesothelioma based on the closed needle biopsy and effusion
      cytology, thus avoiding the need to resort to open surgery. Tissue diagnosis is
      often difficult, and the pathologist's opinion may be influenced by a
      consideration of three factors: the clinical setting; the adequacy and
      availability of specimens; and the criteria for assessment and interpretation of
      these. The level of confidence with which a tissue diagnosis of mesothelioma can
      be established using limited material depends on there being an appropriate
      clinical background including a history of asbestos exposure. Without this, the
      diagnosis should be a qualified or tentative one. For an adequate tissue sample
      to be obtained, the closed needle biopsy procedure is best performed by an
      experienced operator. All aspirated pleural effusions should be forwarded for
      cytological evaluation. In addition to conventional morphological studies,
      adequate samples permit ancillary tests to be carried out. A combined
      interpretive approach utilizing both histopathology and cytology is recommended
      in order to increase the accuracy of the diagnosis.

PMID- 6379133
TI  - Age related detection of tissue amyloid P in the skin.
AB  - The presence of tissue amyloid P component in normal skin from fetuses and
      children was studied using direct, fluorescent, immunohistochemical techniques on
      frozen sections. Tissue amyloid P is not detected in fetuses or in children up to
      the age of 2 years but from the age of 4 years upwards it is readily detected and
      invariably present. Though the function of human amyloid P is unknown its role
      appears to be age or maturity related.

PMID- 6379134
TI  - The routine histological investigation of axillary lymph nodes for metastatic
      breast cancer.
AB  - A simple method of preparing axillary nodes from breast cancer patients for
      routine histology is presented. It is based on appreciation of nodal anatomy and
      the pathophysiology of tumour growth in them. Current methods assume that the
      latter is a random process, but this is not so. It has long been known that
      tumour cells enter via the afferent lymphatics. They may also exit by the
      efferent. It has not been generally realized that these vessels enter/leave the
      node in the same plane of section, or that a section in this plane, a hilar
      section, is theoretically the one of choice for the identification of tumour
      cells in the node. It is shown here that use of hilar sections alone allows the
      identification of tumour-free and tumour-bearing nodes, as well as the tumour
      status of the efferent vessels, with considerable certainty. The use of random
      sections, in contrast, carries a high risk of false negative reporting.

PMID- 6379135
TI  - Genetically determined variation in the complement system: relationship to
      disease.

PMID- 6379136
TI  - Clinical course to 1 year of age in premature infants with patent ductus
      arteriosus: results of a multicenter randomized trial of indomethacin.
AB  - Reported are 1-year follow-up results of a randomized clinical trial comparing
      three strategies of managing clinically significant patent ductus arteriosus at
      the time of diagnosis in premature infants: (1) immediate administration of a
      three-dose course of intravenously administered indomethacin in addition to usual
      medical therapy (fluid restriction and use of diuretics or digitalis or both),
      with surgery as a backup measure, (2) usual medical therapy alone initially, with
      indomethacin as the first and surgery as the final backup measure, and (3) usual
      medical therapy alone initially, with surgery alone as backup. Of primary concern
      were the relative merits of these three managements strategies in the terms of
      the long-term occurrence of a wide range of health problems. Although at the time
      of neonatal hospitalization there was a significant excess of bleeding episodes
      in infants receiving indomethacin as part of initial treatment, and a
      significantly higher rate of retrolental fibroplasia in the those given usual
      medical therapy with surgery as backup, there were no statistically significant
      differences at 1 year of age related to these intermediate outcomes. In other
      regards, too, the treatment strategies appeared interchangeable in terms of the 1
      year outcome.

PMID- 6379137
TI  - Combined high-frequency oscillatory ventilation and intermittent mandatory
      ventilation in critically ill neonates.
AB  - Combined high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) and intermittent mandatory
      ventilation (IMV) was used in 12 neonates with inadequate gas exchange with
      conventional IMV. Diagnoses included diaphragmatic hernia with hypoplastic lungs,
      pneumonia, persistent fetal circulation, and severe respiratory distress
      syndrome. In most patients there was severe air leak. Within 10 hours of
      beginning HFOV-IMV the mean arterial PCO2 fell from 60 +/- 5 (means +/- SEM) to
      38 +/- 2 mm Hg (P less than 0.01) and the mean IMV rate was reduced from 96 +/- 8
      to 17 +/- 4 breaths per minute (P less than 0.001). The mean arterial-alveolar
      oxygen tension ratio rose from 0.05 +/- 0.01 to 0.09 +/- 0.01 (P less than
      0.005). Mean airway pressure in the trachea was reduced from 16 +/- 2 to 10 +/- 3
      cm H2O (P less than 0.05). Four patients died, three of whom had diaphragmatic
      hernias with hypoplastic lungs. Five of the eight survivors had mild
      bronchopulmonary dysplasia requiring supplemental oxygen. These studies
      demonstrate that in some neonates with respiratory failure who fail to respond to
      conventional IMV, combined HFOV-IMV can be successful.

PMID- 6379138
TI  - Suture fistula technique.

PMID- 6379139
TI  - Connective tissue regeneration to periodontally diseased roots, planed and
      conditioned with citric acid and implanted into the oral mucosa.
AB  - This investigation used autogenous submucosal implants of root sections to study
      the connective tissue healing to periodontally diseased roots which had
      previously been planed and demineralized with citric acid. Eighteen implants were
      performed, with each being removed 2 to 24 weeks after implantation. The results
      showed new connective tissue attachment to the old cementum and to the dentin.
      After 18 weeks, in all specimens new cementum had formed on the dentin, with
      collagen fibers attached to it. No deposition of new cementum on the old cementum
      was noted. The formation of new cementum on roots placed in an environment
      without periodontal ligament cells might be ascribed to the inductive principle
      of demineralized dentin. The results suggest that a diseased root which has been
      planed and conditioned with citric acid is likely to form a new connective tissue
      attachment, even if it is placed in an environment without periodontal ligament
      cells. They also suggest that the factor inhibiting potential new connective
      tissue attachment is the condition of the root surface, rather than the lack of
      an adjacent progenitor cell population.

PMID- 6379140
TI  - Variations in subgingival microflora from healthy and intervention sites using
      probing depth and bacteriologic identification criteria.
AB  - This investigation studied the changes in probing depths and subgingival
      microbial flora of clinically healthy and diseased sites before and after scaling
      and root planing. Thirty-six sites in 18 individuals were studied in two groups
      of patients, Group I (9 patients) had received no periodontal surgery, while
      group II had received surgery within the previous 4 years. Neither group had had
      professional prophylaxis or scaling and root planing within the previous 6
      months. Group I had an average probing depth of greater than or equal to 5 mm and
      group II had an average of less than or equal to 4 mm. Scaling and root planing
      was performed on both groups at the beginning of the experiment and all patients
      were instructed in oral hygiene. Plaque and gingival indices, gingival fluid
      measurements, probing depths and dark field microscopic examination of
      subgingival plaque were evaluated immediately before scaling and root planing
      (baseline) and then once every 2 weeks for 2 months. For descriptive analysis of
      the data, all sites in both groups were classified according to probing depth or
      bacteriologic criteria. Sites with either greater than or equal to 85% nonmotile
      bacteria or less than or equal to 4 mm probing depth were presumed "healthy" and
      others were considered "diseased".(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6379141
TI  - The effects of two sharpening methods on the strength of a periodontal scaling
      instrument.
AB  - Several different techniques exist for sharpening periodontal scalers each of
      which will yield a relatively sharp instrument; however, some techniques may
      decrease the strength of the instrument more rapidly than others. The purpose of
      this study was to evaluate the effect of two different sharpening techniques on
      the strength of a periodontal scaler. Sixty McCall No. 13-14 scalers (SCI-DENT)
      were divided into groups of ten. Each group was reduced in size from 0 to 50% of
      a standard original size in increments of 10% by reducing the face of the
      instrument using an RX Honing Machine. A second set of 60 scalers was treated in
      a similar fashion by reducing the lateral surfaces of the instrument. Original
      angles and blade clearances were maintained on all instruments. Strength was
      measured by applying a force at a positive rake angle of 15 degrees in an Instron
      Testing Machine with a head speed of 50 cm/min. There were no significant
      differences in strength from grinding on the face vs. the lateral surfaces of the
      scaler in contrast to the observations of other investigators. Moreover, a 10 to
      20% reduction can be accomplished before a significant drop in strength is
      observed by sharpening either the side or face of the instrument.

PMID- 6379142
TI  - Influence of frequent sugar intakes on experimental gingivitis.
AB  - Few studies have investigated directly the possible role of dietary sugar in the
      etiology of periodontal disease, although an association between the amount of
      plaque formed and the frequency of sugar intake has been demonstrated. The
      purpose of this study was to examine the influence of frequent sugar intakes on
      experimental gingivitis in young adults. Twenty male dental students took part in
      a single blind crossover study which involved two 3-week experimental periods
      with random allocation to high or low sugar diets. The experimental site was the
      lower anterior area. The labial aspects of the lower anterior teeth were examined
      at baseline and Weeks 1, 2 and 3. Inflammation was assessed by recording bleeding
      on probing at 12 sites at 2 levels of severity--"pin prick" and "excess." In
      addition gingival crevicular fluid flow was recorded and plaque amount was
      assessed. At 3 weeks significantly higher bleeding scores at the two designated
      levels were found with the high sugar diet but no significant differences were
      observed with crevicular fluid flow and plaque amount. It was concluded that
      frequent sugar intakes result in increased gingival inflammation in experimental
      gingivitis, as measured by gingival bleeding on probing.

PMID- 6379143
TI  - Physical activity and responses to projective stimuli in neurotic vs. psychotic
      depression.
AB  - Responses to projective material by neurotically and psychotically depressed
      patients were scored for fluency, movement, and primary process during light
      physical activity and inactivity. A depression measure was also obtained.
      Significant positive correlations were found between fluency, movement, and
      primary process. Movement scores did not increase significantly during physical
      activity for either group. No significant correlations were found between level
      of depression and production of movement and primary process. However, primary
      process, controlled for fluency, increased significantly during physical activity
      for neurotic, but not for psychotic depressives.

PMID- 6379144
TI  - A comparison of three methods for scoring figure drawings.
AB  - Figure drawings obtained from 758 white male medical students were scored using
      three different methods. Method I involved 16 different physical size
      measurements; Method II involved six separate sophistication of body concept
      ratings; and Method III involved 42 separate aspects of the drawings weighted in
      direct proportion to their relative frequency of occurrence in the sample studied
      (conventionality scoring). Separate factor analyses of the scores derived from
      each method revealed that Methods I and II each reflect only a single underlying
      factor, and that these factors are uncorrelated in the population studied. Method
      III yielded eight meaningful factors, each of which may be construed as an
      independent area of conventionality/deviancy. An overall conventionality/deviancy
      score was also derived. It is believed that these three methods of scoring
      capture most of the variance inherent in existing figure drawing scoring systems,
      but that use of all three is necessary for a comprehensive analysis.

PMID- 6379145
TI  - Differential determination of cationic and anionic glutathione S-transferases by
      enzyme immunoassay.
AB  - Specific enzyme immunoassays for cationic and anionic glutathione S-transferases
      were established using the specific antibodies which were purified by antigen
      bound adsorbent column chromatography. The enzyme immunoassay for cationic
      glutathione S-transferase had high specificity to cationic enzyme, but showed no
      cross reactivity with anionic one, and vice versa. The recovery of cationic
      glutathione S-transferase by the enzyme immunoassay was 94.7%, and coefficient of
      variation for within day and day-to-day precision were 7.8-10.4% and 8.5-12.5%,
      respectively. The enzyme immunoassay for anionic glutathione S-transferase also
      had a good recovery and precision. Using these enzyme immunoassays for
      glutathione S-transferases, sera of various patients were analyzed. Serum
      cationic glutathione S-transferase was increased in patients with hepatitis and
      hepatoma, and anionic glutathione S-transferase in serum was increased in
      patients with liver cirrhosis.

PMID- 6379146
TI  - Pharmacokinetic approach for reconstruction of predetermined plasma insulin
      profiles by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in depancreatized dogs.
AB  - A preprogrammable insulin delivery system which can provide the flexibility of
      varying plasma insulin concentration in a physiological manner has been
      developed. This system involves a program of continuous subcutaneous infusion of
      insulin at variable rates to reproduce arbitrarily selected plasma insulin
      concentration-time profiles. The desired insulin infusion rate profile was
      calculated from the desired insulin pattern using pharmacokinetic parameters
      experimentally determined by measurement of immunoreactive plasma insulin
      following a subcutaneous bolus dose to depancreatized dogs.

PMID- 6379147
TI  - Separate influences of insulin and hyperglycemia on hepatic drug metabolism in
      mice with genetic and chemically induced diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Numerous investigators have reported abnormalities of hepatic drug metabolism in
      hypoinsulinemic animal models with chemically induced diabetes mellitus, but
      there has been little assessment of hepatic drug metabolism in recently described
      animal models with genetic diabetes mellitus characterized by hyperinsulinemia
      and insulin resistance rather than insulin deficiency. Hepatic microsomal
      cytochrome P-450 content and drug metabolizing activity in obese, diabetic
      C57BL/KsJ mice homozygous for the diabetes gene mutation (db/db) have been
      compared with levels found in livers of 1) lean, nondiabetic control mice with
      the same C57BL/KsJ genetic background and 2) lean C57BL/6J animals made diabetic
      by streptozotocin treatment. No changes in specific enzyme content or activity
      were seen in young db/db mice, but microsomal protein and total hepatic
      cytochrome P-450 content and meperidine demethylation and pentobarbital
      hydroxylation activity were markedly increased compared to controls. In
      hyperglycemic, hypoinsulinemic mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes
      mellitus, the amount of microsomal protein did not change, but hepatic cytochrome
      P-450 content and enzyme activity were significantly increased whether expressed
      per milligram of microsomal protein or as totals per liver. In old db/db animals,
      hyperglycemia persisted but plasma insulin levels fell into the normal range so
      that the insulin-glucose profile of these animals resembled that seen in the
      streptozotocin treatment group. In association with these changes, hepatic enzyme
      specific activities in the old db/db mice approximated values found in the
      streptozotocin group rather than in the young db/db animals. These differences in
      hepatic microsomal enzymes between hyperinsulinemic and hypoinsulinemic mice with
      diabetes mellitus suggest that both hyperglycemia and insulin separately and
      significantly influence cytochrome P-450 turnover and mixed function oxidase
      activity.

PMID- 6379148
TI  - Renal effects of 2-chloroadenosine in the two-kidney Goldblatt rat.
AB  - Two to four weeks after the left renal artery was clipped and the contralateral
      kidney was left untouched in Sprague-Dawley rats (the two-kidney Goldblatt
      preparation), the clips were removed under ether anesthesia. The next day the
      rats were anesthetized (sodium pentobarbital) and renal functions of both kidneys
      were measured before and after an i.v. infusion of 2-chloroadenosine (3.6
      nMol/min). Then renal cortical renin was measured by incubating tissue homogenate
      with rat renin substrate and using radioimmunoassay to determine the rate of
      angiotensin I production. Renal cortical renin was elevated above control in the
      previously clipped left kidneys and suppressed below control in the right
      kidneys; on the average, there was a 30-fold difference in renins of the two
      kidneys. Despite this difference, the 2-chloroadenosine infusion induced similar
      hemodynamic changes (clearances of inulin and p-aminohippurate, filtration
      fraction) in the two kidneys. These results are inconsistent with the hypothesis
      that renal renin is an important determinant of adenosine-induced renal
      hemodynamic changes.

PMID- 6379149
TI  - Modulation of muscarinic cholinergic receptor affinity for antagonists in rat
      heart.
AB  - Modulation of the affinity of agonists and antagonists at muscarinic cholinergic
      receptors in rat heart membranes was investigated using the radiolabeled
      antagonist, [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB), and the radiolabeled agonist,
      [methyl-3H]oxotremorine acetate ([3H]OXO). Receptor affinity for oxotremorine
      measured in competition binding assays with [3H]QNB or by equilibrium binding of
      [3H]OXO was increased when the incubation temperature was reduced to 4 degrees C.
      In contrast, the receptor affinity for [3H]QNB was decreased at lower incubation
      temperatures and a marked effect of guanine nucleotides on the affinity for
      [3H]QNB was revealed. Guanine nucleotides increased receptor affinity for [3H]QNB
      without changing the total number of binding sites. The GTP-induced increase in
      the affinity for [3H]QNB was reflected by an increase in the rate constant for
      association of [3H]QNB. At subsaturating ligand concentrations, guanine
      nucleotides increased [3H]QNB binding and decreased [3H]OXO binding with the same
      order of potency: GppNHp = GTP gamma S greater than GTP greater than guanosine 5'
      diphosphate greater than GMP. Free Mg++ ion was required to observe guanine
      nucleotide effects on antagonist binding. Pretreatment of heart membranes with N
      ethyl-maleimide increased [3H]QNB affinity and blocked the effects of guanine
      nucleotides. N-Ethylmaleimide also decreased [3H]OXO binding and increased
      [3H]QNB binding with a similar concentration-effect relationship. Thus,
      antagonist and agonist binding to muscarinic cholinergic receptors is modulated
      in a reciprocal manner by a number of factors; this modulation appears to reflect
      interaction of agonist and antagonist-occupied receptors with a guanine
      nucleotide regulatory protein, Ni.

PMID- 6379150
TI  - Electrophysiology and enkephalin immunoreactivity of identified myenteric plexus
      neurones of guinea-pig small intestine.
AB  - Intracellular injection of the fluorescent dye, Lucifer Yellow CH, revealed the
      shapes of neurones in the myenteric plexus of the guinea-pig ileum, and these
      shapes were correlated with the electrophysiological properties and enkephalin
      immunoreactivity of the neurones. A total of eighty-three neurones were filled
      using electrodes containing a 5% solution of the dye. Forty-six cells had many
      short processes and a single long process (Dogiel type 1) and twenty-four cells
      had essentially smooth somas and one to eight long processes (Dogiel type II).
      Thirteen cells could not be put into either group. Enkephalin-like
      immunoreactivity was detected in twenty-two of the forty-six Dogiel type I cells.
      Eighteen of these had club-like short processes. No other cells of the eighty
      three showed enkephalin-like immunoreactivity. Electrodes filled with a 0.5%
      solution of Lucifer Yellow in 0.5 M-KCl were used to record from and
      simultaneously to inject dye into 240 neurones. Eighty-six nerve cells had a slow
      after-hyperpolarization following the action potential (AH cells) and forty-six
      nerve cells had no after-hyperpolarization but exhibited a fast excitatory
      synaptic potential (S cells). The other cells could not be unequivocally
      identified by their observed electrophysiological characteristics. Almost all S
      cells (forty-two of forty-six) were Dogiel type I, while eighty-two of the eighty
      six AH cells were Dogiel type II. Fifty S cells (eight located geometrically,
      forty-two by dye injection) and ninety-one AH cells (twenty-six located
      geometrically, sixty-five by dye injection) were examined for enkephalin
      immunoreactivity. Fifteen of the S cells were reactive, whereas all of the AH
      cells were unreactive. It appears that prolonged impalements reduce
      immunoreactivity so that the proportion of reactive neurones in this series is an
      underestimate of the true proportion of S cells with enkephalin-like
      immunoreactivity. The results suggest that a substantial proportion of the S
      cells in myenteric ganglia contain enkephalin immunoreactivity while none of the
      AH cells do. The enkephalin neurones have a distinctive shape and are all Dogiel
      type I cells. AH cells are nearly always Dogiel type II.

PMID- 6379151
TI  - The reversal potential of excitatory amino acid action on granule cells of the
      rat dentate gyrus.
AB  - The responses of granule cells to glutamate, aspartate, N-methyl-D-aspartate
      (NMDA), quisqualate and kainate applied by ionophoresis on to their dendrites in
      the middle molecular layer of the dentate gyrus were studied with intracellular
      electrodes using an in vitro hippocampal slice preparation. On passive
      depolarization 75% of the granule cells displayed anomalous rectification, which
      persisted in the presence of TTX and TEA but was eliminated by Co2+ or the
      intracellular injection of Cs+. Short ionophoretic applications of all the
      excitatory amino acids evoked dose-dependent depolarizations that were highly
      localized: movement of the ionophoretic electrode by as little as 10 microns
      could substantially change the size of the response. The depolarizations evoked
      by glutamate, asparatate, quisqualate and kainate were unaffected by TTX and
      Co2+. The depolarization evoked by NMDA was unaffected by TTX but markedly
      reduced by Co2+. Following intracellular injection of Cs+, neurones could be
      depolarized to +30 mV and the depolarizations produced by glutamate, quisqualate,
      NMDA and kainate reversed. The reversal potentials (E) were Eglutamate: -5.6 +/-
      0.4 mV; ENMDA: 1.8 +/- 1.9 mV; Equisqualate: -3.9 +/- 1.9 mV; Ekainate: -4.6 +/-
      2.0 mV. The excitatory post-synaptic potential (e.p.s.p.) evoked by stimulation
      of the medial perforant path could also be reversed and Ee.p.s.p. was -5.5 +/-
      1.1 mV. The 6 mV difference between ENMDA and the equilibrium potential for the
      other exogenously applied excitatory amino acids and the statistically
      significant difference between ENMDA and Ee.p.s.p. (P less than 0.005; d.f.: 7)
      is consistent with our earlier hypothesis that both the transmitter released by
      the medial perforant path and exogenously applied glutamate are unlikely to
      interact with NMDA receptors.

PMID- 6379152
TI  - Inhibition of gastric motility induced by hepatic portal injections of D-glucose
      and its anomers.
AB  - Intragastric pressures were recorded in bilaterally adrenalectomized male rats
      with insulin hypoglycaemia. A significant depression in intragastric pressure was
      noted following the administration of D-glucose injected into the hepatic portal
      vein but not after the administration of L-glucose, D-mannose, D-fructose, D
      galactose, D-xylose or D-arabinose. The reduction in intragastric pressure
      induced by the portal administration of D-glucose was not reproduced following
      selective division of the hepatic branch of the vagus nerve. Of the three
      anomeric forms of D-glucose used (alpha-D-glucose, equilibrated D-glucose and
      beta-D-glucose), beta-D-glucose was most potent in reducing the intragastric
      pressure. These results suggest that the vagal afferents may convey information
      concerning glucose concentration in the portal vein to the central nervous
      system, and that the activation of such afferents may modulate gastric motility
      which is dependent on the anomeric stereospecificity of D-glucose.

PMID- 6379153
TI  - Increased sodium appetite and polydipsia induced by partial aortic occlusion in
      the rat.
AB  - Partly occluding the abdominal aorta between the renal arteries caused the rat to
      drink steadily increasing amounts of 2.7% NaCl when this solution and water were
      available. The increase in NaCl intake preceded the increase in water intake that
      also occurred after aortic occlusion, and intakes of both fluids were reaching
      maximal values 1-2 weeks after operation. The amounts of fluid drunk during the
      day increased greatly. This change in the pattern of drinking, together with the
      rise in fluid intake and the drop in food intake meant that drinking was less
      associated with feeding than it is in the normal rat. The rats went into fluid
      and electrolyte deficit within 24 h of partial aortic occlusion and remained in
      deficit for about a week (the duration of the balance experiment) despite
      increasing intakes of NaCl and water. Renal function was unimpaired during the
      first 2 weeks, and the abnormal signs were mainly and rapidly reversed by removal
      of the ischaemic kidney or administration of the angiotensin converting enzyme
      inhibitor, captopril. Therefore polydipsia and increased sodium appetite in the
      first 2 weeks after aortic occlusion were likely to have been caused by fluid
      deficit, with increased renin secretion from the ischaemic kidney contributing to
      both behaviours. Arterial blood pressure rose immediately after aortic occlusion,
      before the onset of increased drinking. Up to 3 weeks after operation the
      incidence and severity of the hypertension did not appear to depend on the
      spontaneous changes in intake of water or hypertonic NaCl.

PMID- 6379154
TI  - Post-tetanic depression of spinal reflexes in the rabbit and the possible
      involvement of opioid peptides.
AB  - In spinally transected, decerebrated rabbits, the reflex evoked in the ankle
      extensor gastrocnemius medialis by stimulation of the ipsilateral sural nerve was
      depressed for periods of 12-45 min following tetanic stimulation of the high
      threshold afferents of the ipsilateral tibial, common peroneal, gastrocnemius
      medialis and sural nerves. It was unaffected by similar tetanic stimulation of
      ipsilateral saphenous or semitendinosus nerves, or of any nerve in the
      contralateral limb. The extension reflex between saphenous nerve and vastus
      lateralis was depressed after tetanic stimulation of saphenous nerve. Post
      tetanic depression was partially reversed by the opioid antagonist (-)-naloxone
      in a dose of 50 micrograms/kg I.V., implicating the involvement of endogenous
      opioids. The sural-semitendinosus flexion reflex was depressed only by
      stimulation of the homonymous muscle nerve. It was enhanced for up to 20 min
      after iterative stimulation of the high-threshold fibres of the ipsilateral sural
      nerve. This reflex was unaffected by tetanic stimulation of any of the other
      ipsilateral or contralateral nerves tested. Tetanic stimulation of high-threshold
      afferents of hind-limb nerves apparently stimulates the release of endogenous
      opioids within the spinal cord. It is proposed that this is brought about by the
      activation of enkephalin-containing neurones in the superficial laminae of the
      dorsal horn.

PMID- 6379156
TI  - Sectional impression tray for patients with constricted oral opening.
AB  - Impressions can be made for patients with constricted mouth opening with a
      sectional impression tray that can be assembled and disassembled in the mouth and
      reassembled outside the mouth.

PMID- 6379155
TI  - An evaluation of the time-dependent dimensional stability of eleven elastomeric
      impression materials.
AB  - The dimensional stability of three polysulfides, one condensation-cured silicone,
      six addition-cured silicones, and one polyether, was evaluated when poured
      immediately and after storage for 1, 4, and 24 hours. Dimensional stability was
      determined by measuring the amount of gap width developed by a master coping when
      seated on the die that had been poured in the impression. The greatest accuracy
      occurred when the impressions were poured immediately. All the addition-cured
      silicone materials exhibited excellent dimensional stability for all storage
      times. Delayed pouring of artificial stone in the impressions made in these
      materials should result in very little change in die accuracy. The condensation
      cured silicone material Polytrans has good accuracy if poured immediately.
      Delayed pouring results in a rapid loss of accuracy. The polysulfides have good
      accuracy only if poured immediately, with the exception of Omniflex, which can be
      stored up to 4 hours with only a minimum loss of accuracy. The polyether material
      Impregum expanded during storage. Since the dimensional change of the impression
      during storage is a characteristic of the material, a reduction in its bulk
      should lead to a desired amount of dimensional change. To achieve this desirable
      state, custom trays that will provide for the minimum recommended bulk of
      material should be fabricated. The complex geometry of the cavity preparation
      makes any prediction of the desirability of impression material expansion or
      contraction difficult, because a change in impression material dimensions may be
      beneficial to the fit in one portion of the casting but have an extremely adverse
      effect in another.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6379157
TI  - An alternative to trimming dies.
AB  - The technique described allows tooth structure apical to the finish line
      contained in the impression to remain on the die. This reproduction of the tooth
      surface provides valuable information for the dental laboratory technician when
      the restoration is waxed.

PMID- 6379158
TI  - Incorporation of implantology into the mainstream of American dentistry.

PMID- 6379159
TI  - Processing changes in maxillary complete dentures.
AB  - A technique that allows for comparison of undercuts palatal thickness, and double
      curing has been described for measurement of curing changes in acrylic resin
      dentures. The technique involves a precision cast and denture positioner in front
      of the x-ray tube and the transfer of a lead foil strip from cast to denture.
      Radiographs made of this strip are projected at X20 magnification, and subsequent
      tracings are measured and superimposed to note shrinkage and contour changes.

PMID- 6379160
TI  - Functional impressions with thermoplastic materials for reline procedures.
AB  - Used as an impression material in a reline or rebase technique for a new or
      existing distal extension mandibular removable partial denture or mandibular
      complete denture, thermoplastic resin provides a denture base with uniform
      support under an occlusal load and a smooth nonirritating acrylic resin surface.

PMID- 6379161
TI  - Clinically significant factors in dowel design.
AB  - When a method of intracoronal reinforcement is selected, many factors must be
      weighed. The hazards include (1) the induced stresses and the risk of fracture
      during placement of the dowel, (2) the probability of root perforation during
      post space preparation, (3) the wedging action of tapered dowels, and (4) the
      incidence of fracture with self-threading pins in devitalized teeth. The amount
      of tooth structure that remains after endodontic therapy and post space
      preparation is paramount. Endodontic and restorative treatment must be aimed at
      preserving tooth structure to provide strength and resistance to fracture of the
      pulpless tooth. To fabricate a large-diameter dowel with a strength that greatly
      exceeds that of the endodontically treated root decreases the prognosis for
      clinical success.

PMID- 6379162
TI  - Multiple direct patterns for cast post and core in anterior teeth.
AB  - A procedure for the preparation of multiple post and core patterns has been
      presented. The method is efficient and eliminates impressions of the canals.
      Several core buildups can be completed simultaneously at one appointment.

PMID- 6379163
TI  - Correction of defective impressions by the selective addition of impression
      material.

PMID- 6379164
TI  - Effects of sprue design, casting machine, and heat source on casting porosity.

PMID- 6379165
TI  - Internal escape channel: an alternative to venting complete crowns.

PMID- 6379166
TI  - Surface adhesion and retentive force of cements.

PMID- 6379167
TI  - Effect of disclosing wax on bonding strength of cemented crowns.

PMID- 6379168
TI  - Patient perceptions of dental-facial esthetics: shared concerns in orthodontics
      and prosthodontics.

PMID- 6379169
TI  - Metronidazole in the prevention of wound sepsis after elective colorectal
      surgery.

PMID- 6379170
TI  - Peroperative cefoxitin. A double-blind prospective study in the prevention of
      wound infections.

PMID- 6379171
TI  - Evidence that progesterone may influence subsequent luteal function in the ewe by
      modulating preovulatory follicle development.
AB  - Ovulation was induced in seasonally anoestrous ewes by repeated 2-h injections of
      250 ng Gn-RH, after 12 days (Group 1, N = 7; Group 2, N = 8), 2 days (Group 3, N
      = 8) or no (Group 4, N = 7) progesterone pretreatment. A preovulatory LH peak
      occurred spontaneously at a mean (+/- s.e.m.) time of 43.1 +/- 2.0 h, 38.5 +/-
      3.1 h and 26.8 +/- 1.7 h after the start of Gn-RH treatment in Groups 1, 3 and 4
      respectively, and was artificially induced in ewes in Group 2, after 24 h of
      treatment, by a single i.v. injection of 150 micrograms Gn-RH. Normal luteal
      function occurred in all progesterone-pretreated ewes, but in only 1/7 animals
      not treated with progesterone. These results demonstrate that, although normal
      luteal function in progesterone-primed ewes induced to ovulate with repeated
      injections of low doses of Gn-RH is associated with a delayed preovulatory LH
      peak, it is not this extended period of follicle development which is responsible
      for functional competence of the resultant corpus luteum. Since as little as 2
      days of exposure to elevated plasma progesterone concentrations is effective, it
      is suggested that progesterone may act directly on the preovulatory follice.

PMID- 6379172
TI  - LH concentrations in two cattle with XY gonadal dysgenesis.
AB  - Two animals with XY gonadal dysgenesis both had a reproductive tract similar in
      size to that found in sexually immature heifers, but neither had normal
      testicular or ovarian tissue. All cells examined in both animals contained XY
      chromosomes and spinal cord neurones were sex chromatin negative. Basal LH
      concentrations averaged 3.1 ng/ml in Animal 1 and 2.4 ng/ml in Animal 2 but
      increased within 12 h of injecting oestradiol to peak concentrations of 125 and
      11 ng/ml respectively. Animal 1 displayed a distinct pulsatile LH release pattern
      with a highly repeatable decline phase at each pulse. A GnRH injection produced a
      rapid rise in plasma LH in both animals, sustained in Animal 1 at greater than
      500 ng/ml for more than 2 h. Each animal displayed behavioural symptoms of
      oestrus within 12 h of being injected with 3 mg oestradiol benzoate and was
      repeatedly served by a bull. These studies indicated that both animals differed
      from freemartins and had some hypothalamic and pituitary response patterns
      resembling those reported for female cattle.

PMID- 6379173
TI  - Production in vitro of mouse early pregnancy factor and purification to
      homogeneity.
AB  - Early pregnancy factor (EPF) has been produced in vitro by culture of oestrous
      mouse oviducts and ovaries in RPMI, with the addition of prolactin and mouse
      embryo culture medium. The pooled harvested medium was then subjected to
      immunoabsorption, electrofocusing and gel filtration. A fraction was isolated
      with pI 6.83 and molecular weight 21 000 which was responsible for 90% of the
      recovered biological activity. It appeared to be homogeneous when analysed by
      high-performance gel-permeation chromatography. SDS treatment showed that the
      molecule could be split into 3 peptides of molecular weights 10 500, 7200 and
      3400, the first having activity equivalent to the EPF component EPF-A from the
      oviduct, while the last two combined to give activity corresponding with the
      ovarian component EPF-B.

PMID- 6379174
TI  - Pubertal aberrancy. Etiology and clinical approach.
AB  - A study of 252 patients with pubertal aberrancy was done at the Medical College
      of Georgia. Patients were classified into hypogonadal and eugonadal categories.
      Ovarian failure is the most common cause of delayed sexual development.
      Congenital absence of the uterus and vagina and physiologic delay of puberty
      follow as frequently diagnosed etiologies. Pubertal aberrancy is no longer
      considered a benign entity since it is associated with morbidity, mortality and
      significant compromise of reproductive potential. The physical, emotional and
      social well-being of these patients is dependent upon expedient evaluation and
      treatment and on appropriate education and counseling.

PMID- 6379175
TI  - Adolescent menstrual irregularity.
AB  - Amenorrhea and oligomenorrhea in the adolescent female are often the result of
      anovulation due to an immature hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. A careful
      history, physical examination and selected laboratory tests can help to
      differentiate this type of transient menstrual irregularity from the large number
      of endocrine and anatomic abnormalities that also present in this age group.

PMID- 6379178
TI  - Mozart's illnesses and death.

PMID- 6379179
TI  - Preparation and antibacterial activities of new 1,2,3-diazaborine derivatives and
      analogues.
AB  - 1,2-Dihydro-1-hydroxy-2-(organosulfonyl)areno[d] [1,2,3]diazaborines 2 (arene =
      benzene, naphthalene, thiophene, furan, pyrrole) were synthesized by reaction of
      (organosulfonyl)hydrazones of arene aldehydes or ketones with tribromoborane in
      the presence of ferric chloride. The activities of 2 against bacteria in vitro
      and in vivo (Escherichia coli) were determined and structure-activity
      relationships are discussed. Included in this study are 2,3-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2
      (p-tolylsulfonyl)-1H-2,1-benzazaborole+ ++ (3) and 1-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2
      (p-tolylsulfonyl)-2,1-benzazabor ine (4) as well as the carbacyclic
      benzodiazaborine analogue 4-hydroxy-3-(p-tolylsulfonyl)isoquinoline (7). The
      nature of the active species is briefly discussed.

PMID- 6379176
TI  - Exogenous hormones in the aetiology of cancer in women.

PMID- 6379177
TI  - Morbidity and mortality of long-term haemodialysis: a review.

PMID- 6379180
TI  - Impaired HLA capping capacity of peripheral blood lymphocytes in Duchenne
      muscular dystrophy.
AB  - The cap capacity in nine Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients and in 23
      healthy male subjects (14 adults and nine neonates) has been investigated by
      inducing capping of HLA molecules. The evaluation of capping percentages ranged
      in healthy controls from 44 to 61 with a mean value of 53.39 +/- 4.89, while DMD
      patients displayed cap capacity of percentages varying from 15 to 38 with a mean
      value of 31.5 +/- 7.42. Statistical significance of the differences between the
      two groups, assessed by the Mann-Whitney U test, was p less than 0.00003. A
      correlation was found in DMD patients between cap capacity and age (tau = +0.657,
      p = 0.012). The results confirm previous reports of Ig capping impairment noted
      in B cells of the whole lymphocyte population, supporting the hypothesis of a
      systemic cellular defect in DMD patients. The data obtained suggest that HLA
      capping could overcome some of the technical difficulties of Ig capping and could
      be used as a diagnostic aid in antenatal detection of DMD.

PMID- 6379181
TI  - Administration's VA budget request: too small for needed expansion.

PMID- 6379182
TI  - Adhesion of leptospires to mouse fibroblasts (L929) and its enhancement by
      specific antibody.
AB  - The adhesion of leptospires (Leptospira interrogans serovar. copenhageni L45) to
      mouse L-cells was studied by microscopic observations. Within 3 h of infection of
      monolayers many leptospires adhered to 95-100% of the cells, and intracellular
      leptospires were demonstrated by electron microscopy. No specific site of
      attachment on the cells or the leptospires was observed. Avirulent or dead
      leptospires adhered poorly but attachment of the saprophytic leptospire L.
      biflexa serovar. patoc occurred on cell and glass surfaces. After adhesion,
      microvilli on the cell surfaces disappeared within 6 h of infection and cell
      damage was observed after 12 h. The adhesion was greatly enhanced by the presence
      of specific antiserum at a subagglutinating concentration. No direct penetration
      by leptospires of the host cells was observed with transmission and scanning
      electron microscopy. It appears that (1) adhesion of leptospires to L-cells
      precedes cell damage, and (2) leptospires may enter cells either through damaged
      membranes, or by a phagocytosis-like mechanism.

PMID- 6379183
TI  - Distribution and transferability of plasmids in trimethoprim-resistant urinary
      strains of Escherichia coli: a comparative study of hospital isolates.
AB  - Trimethoprim-resistant urinary isolates of Escherichia coli, collected in 1982,
      were studied and the results compared with those obtained for isolates collected
      during the period 1979-1980. Ninety-eight (81%; a 10% increase) were resistant to
      trimethoprim 1024 micrograms/ml and 93 (95%) were also resistant to
      sulphamethoxazole 1024 micrograms/ml. The frequency distributions of plasmids
      were similar in both collections although there was a significant increase in the
      number of small plasmids (mol. wt less than or equal to 20 X 10(6] in the 1982
      collection. Transfer of resistance was associated with isolates that carried
      larger numbers of plasmids. A significantly smaller proportion of isolates in
      this, than in the earlier series, transferred trimethoprim resistance to E. coli
      K12 suggesting continued transposition of trimethoprim resistance on to the
      bacterial chromosome. Fifteen different trimethoprim resistance plasmids were
      identified, of which five, including that found most frequently, were common to
      both collections. Plasmids which transferred trimethoprim resistance without
      sulphonamide resistance were more common in the 1982 series. Plasmids which
      transferred linked trimethoprim and streptomycin resistances, in particular those
      not carrying other resistance markers, were less common in the 1982 series of
      isolates. Although the majority of E. coli isolates highly resistant to
      trimethoprim remained resistant to sulphonamide, our results suggested changes in
      the genetic location and linkage of the resistance markers.

PMID- 6379184
TI  - Macrophage heterogeneity.
AB  - Macrophages perform a large number of diverse and on occasion mutually
      antagonistic functions. It seems unlikely given the magnitude of the task, that
      any one cell could carry out all these different demands. This raises the
      possibility that distinct subsets of macrophages exist each capable of performing
      only certain functions. It is indeed the case that although all macrophages have
      many features in common they are by no means uniform. Two major types of
      macrophage heterogeneity have been described. The first is termed
      "Interpopulation" heterogeneity and refers to differences between populations of
      macrophages obtained from different tissue sites. The second is termed
      "Intrapopulation" heterogeneity and refers to differences between subpopulations
      of macrophages obtained from within a particular site. We propose that such
      macrophage heterogeneity could be generated by 2 main mechanisms-
      "Differentiation and Modulation". It is assumed that as macrophages differentiate
      from bone marrow precursor cells they sequentially express a series of
      functionally distinct phenotypes. Such phenotypes are however relatively dynamic
      and may be readily altered by exposure to various microenvironmental and
      nonmicroenvironmental modulating signals. The responsiveness of cells to
      modulating signals is likely to depend both on their differentiation stage and
      previous exposure to other such signals. Assuming that the cells entering
      different tissue sites are essentially identical, then "Interpopulation"
      heterogeneity may be generated as a direct result of different microenvironmental
      modulating signals acting on the cells. "Intrapopulation" heterogeneity on the
      other hand may be generated by both differentiation and modulation. Macrophages
      at various differentiation stages are found within a tissue. Some cells will have
      recently arrived from the blood stream while others may have resided in the
      tissue for some time. In addition, the cells within a tissue may have been
      exposed to a different spectrum of modulating signals, or exposed to the same
      signals for various periods of time. The suggested existence of distinct
      macrophage sublineages adds an additional level of complexity to the subject of
      macrophage heterogeneity. It has been shown in a relatively small number of
      experiments that colonies of macrophages, clonogenically derived from individual
      bone marrow precursor cells in vitro, may express different phenotypes.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6379185
TI  - Transport by reconstituted lactose carrier from parental and mutant strains of
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - The lactose transport carrier from parental (X71/F'W3747) and mutant cells
      (54/F'5441) was reconstituted into proteoliposomes. Transport by the counterflow
      assay showed slightly greater activity in proteoliposomes prepared from extracts
      of the mutant membranes compared with that for the parental cell. The mutant
      carrier showed a threefold lower Km but similar Vmax compared to the parent. On
      the other hand proteoliposomes from the mutant showed a defect in protonmotive
      force-driven accumulation, compared with the parent. With a pH gradient (inside
      alkaline) plus a membrane potential (inside negative) the parental
      proteoliposomes accumulated lactose 25-fold over the medium concentration while
      the mutant proteoliposomes accumulated sixfold. In a series of experiments
      proteoliposomes were exposed to proteolytic enzymes. Chrymotrypsin treatment
      resulted in 30% inhibition of counterflow activity for the reconstituted carrier
      from both parent and mutant. Papain produced 84% inhibition of transport by the
      reconstituted parental carrier but only 41% of that of the mutant. Trypsin and
      carboxypeptidase Y treatment had no effect on counterflow activity of either
      parent or mutant. Exposure of purified lactose carrier in proteoliposomes to
      carboxypeptidase Y resulted in the release of alanine and valine, the two C
      terminal amino acids predicted from the DNA sequence.

PMID- 6379186
TI  - The smoking cessation reduction action program.

PMID- 6379187
TI  - The use of touch-sensitive screen in interactive morphometry.
AB  - We propose the use of a touch-sensitive screen as a tool to facilitate
      acquisition of data both in point counting and morphometric planimetry. It
      obviates the use of a 'correspondence image' required with many planimetric
      devices in which the means for data acquisition and display are separate. The
      touch-sensitive screen offers operational advantages over the light pen. The
      characteristics of this new graphical input device, its assembly and basic
      operational considerations are introduced and discussed.

PMID- 6379188
TI  - The use of Hanks'--pipes buffers in the preparation of human, normal leucocytes
      for TEM observation.
AB  - It is suggested that the use of Hanks' + pipes + sucrose buffers, in combination
      with glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide fixatives, represent an excellent mode
      of preparation of fresh and cultured peripheral blood leucocytes, not only for
      transmission electron microscopy observation of these cells but also for scanning
      electron microscopy.

PMID- 6379189
TI  - Histiocytic lymphoma with invasion of renal vein and vena cava: a case report.

PMID- 6379190
TI  - Regulation of mating-type information in yeast. Negative control requiring
      sequences both 5' and 3' to the regulated region.
AB  - The genome of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains three complete copies
      of the genetic information governing cell mating type. Normally, only the
      information in one of the copies (the MAT locus) is expressed; the other two
      copies (HML and HMR) are repressed and serve as donors of mating-type sequences
      that can be transposed to MAT in cells capable of switching mating type. We have
      mutagenized the silent HMR locus and have found that the repression of this locus
      requires two sites, one lying on each side of the mating-type sequences at HMR.
      The regulatory sites are positioned outside of the sequences that are included in
      the pair of divergent transcripts coded for by HMR, and lie about 1000 base-pairs
      to either side of the central promoter region of the locus. Deletion of one of
      the regulatory sites results phenotypically in complete loss of repression,
      whereas deletion of the other site gives only partial loss of control. Both of
      the sites are associated with an autonomous replication activity, though the
      relationship between this activity and the process of repression is unclear.

PMID- 6379191
TI  - Immunoglobulin recognition of synthetic and natural left-handed Z DNA
      conformations and sequences.
AB  - The relative immunogenicities of the poly[d(G-C)] and poly[d(A-C).d(G-T)]
      families of helices have been determined. The specificities of the resultant
      immunoglobulins have been characterized for recognition of different synthetic
      and natural left-handed sequences and conformations. Certain modifications of
      poly[d(G-C)] in the sugar-phosphate backbone and cytosine C-5 potentiate the
      right(R)-to-left(L) (B----Z) transition under physiological conditions. The
      resulting polynucleotides, poly[d(G-SC)], poly[d(G-io5C)], poly[d(G-br5C)] and
      poly[d(G-m5C)], are also highly immunogenic. In contrast, DNAs incapable of
      assuming the left-handed conformation under physiological salt concentrations are
      weakly or non-immunogenic. These include unmodified poly[d(G-C)] as well as
      members of the poly[d(A-C).d(G-T)] family of sequences bearing pyrimidine C-5
      substitutions (methyl, bromo, iodo). These polynucleotides undergo the R----L
      isomerization under more stringent ionic and thermal conditions. The
      specificities of purified polyclonal and monoclonal anti-Z DNA immunoglobulins
      (IgG) were measured by binding to radiolabeled polynucleotides, by
      electrophoretic analysis of IgG bound to covalent closed circular DNAs, and by
      immunofluorescent staining of polytene chromosomes. The salt-induced left-handed
      forms of poly[d(G-C)] and its derivatives (including the cytidine C-5 methyl,
      bromo, iodo, and N-5 aza substituted polynucleotides) and of the modified
      poly[d(A-C).d(G-T)] polymers are bound to varying degrees by different
      antibodies. The patterns of substrate recognition demonstrate the existence of
      several antigenic domains in left-handed DNAs, including the helix convex surface
      and the sugar-phosphate backbone. Substitutions in these regions can produce
      enhancing (required substitutions), neutral, or inhibitory effects on subsequent
      IgG binding. Additionally, certain modifications of either the convex surface of
      Z DNA at the C-5 position of cytidine (i.e. a methyl group) or of the backbone
      (i.e. phosphorothioate substitution) can lead to polymorphic left-handed
      conformations that are compatible with antibody binding when present individually
      but not in combination. The recognition patterns exhibited with DNA substrates
      from the two DNA families indicate that some, but not all, IgGs show specificity
      for different nucleotide sequences. The anti-Z DNA IgGs were used to probe for
      specific left-handed Z DNA determinants on plasmid (e.g. pBR322) or viral (e.g.
      simian virus 40 (SV40] DNAs and on the acid-fixed polytene chromosomes of
      dipteran larvae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6379192
TI  - Sequence organization of replication origin of the Escherichia coli K-12
      chromosome.
AB  - A sequence of 245 base-pairs (oriC) in the replication origin of the Escherichia
      coli K-12 chromosome has been shown to provide all the information essential for
      initiation of bidirectional replication. In order to elucidate the sequence
      organization of oriC, numerous mutants carrying a single-to-multiple transitions
      from G X C to A X T base-pair were constructed by localized mutagenesis in vitro,
      which uses sodium bisulfite, and the correlation between the mutation sites and
      replicating ability (Ori function) was systematically analyzed. By isolating non
      defective (Ori+) mutants with multiple base changes, transitions at 71 positions
      among 101 G X C pairs in oriC were found to have no effect on Ori function.
      Investigation of defective (Ori-) mutants, on the other hand, showed that
      individual replacements at 18 positions were detrimental to Ori function to some
      extent. These irreplaceable G X C pairs fell in the positions where no
      substitution was detected in the Ori+ mutants. The defect of the Ori- mutants
      with a single base substitution was generally weaker than that of the previously
      constructed Ori- mutants lacking a part of oriC. The addition of two or more base
      changes each giving a faint Ori- phenotype, however, resulted in a more intensive
      Ori- phenotype. We have previously demonstrated that oriC contains several
      regions where deletion or insertion of oligonucleotides leads to strong Ori-
      phenotypes. Transitions in those areas did not cause any defect of Ori function.
      Combining present results on base substitution mutants with the previous
      observations together, we assumed that the oriC sequence provides multiple
      interaction sites with replication initiation factors, and the precise
      arrangement of these sites are required for Ori function.

PMID- 6379193
TI  - Kinetics of the allosteric transition of aspartate transcarbamylase. Chemical
      quench studies.
AB  - Using a chemical quench device, the rate of synthesis of carbamyl aspartate from
      the substrates aspartate and carbamyl phosphate was followed as a function of the
      time between mixing the enzyme with substrates and quenching with trichloroacetic
      acid. This function, which is linear at long times, shows (at 4 degrees C) a
      transient lag phase of product of roughly 10 ms. However, when the catalytic
      subunit (in which the enzymatic activity is desensitized) is used instead of the
      enzyme, the lag disappears. Therefore the lag seems to be associated with the
      control functions of the enzyme, i.e. to represent the allosteric transition
      involved in substrate-substrate (homotropic) co-operativity. Thus the relaxation
      time for the activation process is roughly 10 ms. The implications of these
      results are examined.

PMID- 6379194
TI  - Binding and location of AMP deaminase in rabbit psoas muscle myofibrils.
AB  - It is shown that an interaction exists between AMP deaminase (EC 3.5.4.6) and
      myofibrils that is sufficiently strong (Kd congruent to 10(-10) M) for more than
      99% of the binding sites for the enzyme to be filled in vivo. The binding is not
      strong enough, however, to stop removal of the enzyme during the extensive
      washing normally used in the preparation of myofibrils. Fluorescent antibodies to
      the enzyme label myofibrils close to the junction of the A- and I-bands. The
      invariance of the position of the antibody stripes at this site, over a range of
      sarcomere lengths, indicates that the enzyme is attached to the A-band. The
      intensity of the fluorescence declines in parallel with dissociation of the
      enzyme. In this muscle, the number of AMP deaminase binding sites per thick
      filament is approximately six, suggesting that the enzyme is located at a single
      axial position in each half A-band. Electron microscopy of negatively stained,
      antibody-labelled myofibrils reveals the distance between the AMP deaminase sites
      at opposite ends of an A-band to be 1.69(+/- 0.02 micron). Since the length of
      the A-band is 1.57 micron, the binding site for the enzyme must be significantly
      beyond where thick filaments have previously been thought to end.

PMID- 6379195
TI  - X-ray scattering by single-headed heavy meromyosin. Cleavage of the myosin head
      from the rod does not change its shape.
AB  - Low angle X-ray scattering from heavy meromyosin (HMM) and from single-headed
      heavy meromyosin (sHMM) have been examined to determine if the heads of myosin
      change shape when cleaved from the rod to form subfragment 1 (S1). The scattering
      intensities of intact HMM and sHMM were compared with those of their chymotryptic
      digestion products, S1 and subfragment 2 (S2). As the data with HMM were
      complicated by scattering between the two heads, the more extensive analysis was
      done with sHMM. Pseudo-Guinier plots of intact and digested sHMM, over the
      angular range used previously for S1, were linear and showed a difference in
      apparent radius of gyration (Rg) of only 0.07 +/- 0.04 nm. The absolute apparent
      Rg value of sHMM was 3.2 +/- 0.2 nm, which is comparable to the radius of
      gyration reported previously for S1 alone. A plot of the fractional differences
      in scattering intensities of intact and digested sHMM was flat to a reciprocal
      spacing of at least 1/3.5 nm-1. These results indicate that the head portions of
      sHMM and S1 have very similar structures at low resolution. Scattering curves for
      various models of sHMM and mixtures of S1 and S2 were calculated and the
      fractional difference plots of scattering intensities were made to determine how
      sensitive this type of analysis is to changes in the shape of the head. Changes
      in Rg of 0.1 nm or greater gave detectably non-flat difference plots. Thus, the X
      ray scattering of sHMM (and HMM) demonstrated that differences in structure
      between the head of myosin and isolated S1 are likely to be small. Current
      controversies over myosin head structure are discussed in light of this result.

PMID- 6379196
TI  - Carcinogen-induced mutation spectrum in wild-type, uvrA and umuC strains of
      Escherichia coli. Strain specificity and mutation-prone sequences.
AB  - Forward mutations induced by the ultimate carcinogen N-acetoxy-N-2
      acetylaminofluorene (N-Aco-AAF) in the tetracycline resistance gene carried on
      plasmid pBR322 are shown to be dependent upon the induction of the host SOS
      functions in wild-type and umuC Escherichia coli cells. The mutation frequency in
      the umuC strain is equal to about 40% of the mutation frequency observed in the
      umu+ background. In the excision-repair-deficient uvrA mutant strain the
      mutagenic response is the same as in SOS-induced wild-type cells whether or not
      the uvrA bacteria are SOS-induced. Equal mutation frequencies are obtained in
      both the wild-type and the uvrA strains for equal modification levels although
      the survival of AAF-modified plasmid DNA is greatly reduced in the uvrA strain as
      compared to the wild-type strain. Sequence analysis of the mutations reveals that
      more than 90% of the N-Aco-AAF-induced mutations are frameshift mutations. Two
      types of mutational hotspots are observed occurring either at repetitive
      sequences or at non-repetitive sequences. Both types of mutants appear at similar
      locations and frequencies in both the wild-type and the uvrA strains. On the
      other hand, only the non-repetitive sequence mutants are obtained in the umuC
      background. These non-repetitive sequence mutants preferentially occur within the
      sequence 5' G-G-C-G-C-C 3' (the NarI restriction enzyme recognition sequence).
      The analysis of the -AAF binding spectrum to the same DNA fragment shows that
      there is no direct correlation between the modification spectrum and the mutation
      spectrum. We suggest that certain sequences are "mutation-prone" in the sense
      that only these sequences can be efficiently mutated as the result of an active
      processing mediated by specific proteins. When a sequence is said to be mutation
      prone it probably corresponds to a particular structure that is induced within
      this sequence as a result of the binding to the DNA of the mutagen. This sequence
      specific conformational change is the substrate for the protein(s) that fixes the
      mutation. The mutagenic processing pathway(s) is part of the cellular response to
      DNA-damaging agents (the so-called SOS response). Two pathways for frameshift
      mutagenesis are suggested by the data: an umuC-dependent pathway, which is
      involved in the mutagenic processing of lesions within repetitive sequences; an
      umuC-independent pathway responsible for the fixation of mutations within
      specific non-repetitive sequences.

PMID- 6379197
TI  - Point mutations that reduce the expression of malPQ, a positively controlled
      operon of Escherichia coli.
AB  - malPQ is one of three operons controlled by the positive regulator gene malT.
      With the objective of defining DNA sequences essential for malPQ transcription,
      we looked for cis-dominant mutations that reduced the level of expression of this
      operon. We first constructed malP-lac fusion strains, selected from one of them a
      series of mutants resistant to p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (a
      bacteriostatic compound that enters the cells via lac permease), and retained the
      clones that contained a mutation reducing the expression of the hybrid operon in
      a cis-dominant fashion. Nineteen such mutations were sequenced, and their effect
      on an otherwise wild type malPQ operon was studied. Three of them mapped in a
      transcribed portion of the operon, and are believed to exert their effect at the
      translation level. The others map upstream from the transcription startpoint (co
      ordinate +1) and help define three DNA segments that must play a predominant role
      in transcription initiation: the Pribnow box (from positions -7 to -12); and two
      inverted repeats, extending from position -32 to -36, and -59 to -63,
      respectively, which are proposed to constitute part of the binding site for MalT
      protein.

PMID- 6379198
TI  - The effect of point mutations affecting Escherichia coli tryptophan tRNA on
      anticodon-anticodon interactions and on UGA suppression.
AB  - tRNA species in Escherichia coli that translate codons starting with U contain 2
      methyl-thio-N6-isopentenyl-adenosine in position 37, 3' adjacent to the
      anticodon. The role of this hypermodification in protein synthesis and trp operon
      attenuation has been investigated. Temperature-jump relaxation methods have been
      applied to study the interaction between E. coli tRNAPro, with anticodon VGG (V
      is uridine-5-oxyacetic acid) complementary to that of tRNATrp, and three species
      of E. coli tRNATrp: wild type tRNATrp (with ms2i6A37 and G24), UGA suppressor
      tRNATrp (with ms2i6A37 and A24 in the dihydrouridine stem but the same anticodon
      CCA), and the same suppressor molecule but ms2i6A-deficient as a result of the
      mutation miaA. Complex formation between tRNAPro and ms2i6A-containing tRNATrp
      shows thermodynamic parameters close to those found for several other pairs of
      tRNA with complementary anticodons. However, ms2i6A-deficient tRNATrp makes less
      stable complexes with tRNAPro, which dissociate eightfold faster. No effect on
      the complementary anticodon interaction of the mutation in the dihydrouridine
      stem can be detected. When the tRNA analogous to the opal codon, E. coli
      tRNASerIV (anticodon VGA) replaces tRNAPro in similar experiments, very weak
      complexes are observed with both normally hypermodified species of tRNATrp, the
      wild type and UGA suppressor; these show a lifetime about 50-fold shorter than
      with tRNAPro, but are again similar. No complex formation is detectable with the
      ms2i6A-deficient species. This may explain why the hypermodification is necessary
      for the efficient suppression of the UGA terminator of Q beta coat protein in
      vitro. The data on complexes with tRNAPro suggest that deficiency in ms2i6A may
      also reduce the efficiency of UGG reading. Thus, miaA may affect trp operon
      attenuation by slowing translation of the tandem UGG codons in the leader
      sequence. Temperature-jump differential spectra suggest that ms2i6 stabilizes the
      anticodon interaction by improved stacking of base 37.

PMID- 6379199
TI  - Preliminary crystallographic data for a monoclonal Fab fragment specific for HPr
      of the phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Crystals for Fab fragments from a monoclonal antibody to HPr of the
      phosphoenopyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system of Escherichia coli have been
      obtained from 14% polyethylene glycol 6000, 5 mM-Tris X HCl, 50 mM-sodium
      phosphate and 0.2 M-sodium chloride at pH 8.0. The space group is P2(1) with a =
      110.85 A, b = 66.18 A, c = 67.21 A, beta = 113.0 degrees and Z = 4. The crystals
      exhibit the forms [100], [011] and [011] and the solvent content is 47%.

PMID- 6379200
TI  - Alterations of endocrine pancreas B cells in a sahelian reptile (Varanus
      exanthematicus) during starvation.
AB  - During the long starvation period (November to June) of the lizard (Varanus
      exanthematicus), pancreatic B cells undergo profound modification. The
      degeneration of beta granules observed in electron microscopy appears correlated
      with the diminution of the immunoreactive insulin-like content of the pancreas.
      The analogy between the phenomena observed here and those reported in animals
      treated with alloxan is discussed.

PMID- 6379201
TI  - Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the myelin glycolipid
      sulfatide.
AB  - Sulfatide is enriched in the myelin sheath and accounts for 5% of the total
      lipids in this membrane. In the present work we describe the production and
      characterization of mouse monoclonal antibodies against sulfatide. The antibodies
      were detected and characterized in a previously described ELISA test system. The
      clone AIC3IA2 produced antibodies of the IgG3 class with high specificity for
      sulfatide. These antibodies showed almost no cross-reactivity with
      galactocerebroside or with any of the other lipids we tested. When used with the
      peroxidase antiperoxidase technique the antibodies stained a cell population
      either in fixed or unfixed brain cell cultures, indicating a surface localization
      of sulfatide in the respective cell population. In double-staining experiments
      the stained cell population was identified as myelin basic protein-positive
      oligodendrocytes.

PMID- 6379202
TI  - Wandering missiles: autopsy study.
AB  - Five cases of firearm missile emboli are reported. Three were not unusual
      arterial bullet emboli. One, however, was a single shotgun pellet embolus which
      produced death from cerebral infarction. The fifth case appears to be the first
      known to embolize within the portal system and was associated with a 'wandering
      bullet' within the pericardial space.

PMID- 6379203
TI  - Nutritional status, body size and severity of diarrhoea associated with rotavirus
      or enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.
AB  - Children with severe malnutrition have an increased risk of death from diarrhoea.
      To determine if the clinical manifestations of specific types of diarrhoea
      differed according to the nutritional status or size (weight and length) of the
      patient, we studied children with acute diarrhoea associated with rotavirus or
      enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. In this study we found that a child's body
      size, which was determined by his age and nutritional status, was a significant
      predictor of his rate of stool output per kilogram of body weight. Thus, children
      who are small because of young age and/or malnutrition appear to lose a greater
      proportion of their total fluid volume during diarrhoea and might be expected to
      have a higher frequency of severe dehydration and death, if untreated.

PMID- 6379204
TI  - Physico-chemical and formulation-induced veterinary drug-product
      bioinequivalencies.

PMID- 6379205
TI  - Bacteriophage T4 bypass31 mutations that make gene 31 nonessential for
      bacteriophage T4 replication: mapping bypass31 mutations by UV rescue
      experiments.
AB  - The product of gene 31 is normally required for assembly of the T4 capsid. Two
      mutations that each bypass that requirement are shown to be located at separate
      sites in gene 23, which encodes the major structural protein of the capsid. A
      second phenotypic effect that characterizes both bypass31 mutant strains is the
      ability to multiply in host-defective strains, such as hdB3-1 and groEL mutants,
      on which wild-type T4 is unable to assemble capsids. The genetic data indicate
      that both phenotypic effects are due to the bypass31 mutation. Elimination of the
      requirement for both the phage protein, gp31, and the host protein, GroEL, by
      either of two single mutations in gene 23 indicates that GroEL and gp31 are
      normally needed to interact with gp23 in capsid assembly of wild-type T4.

PMID- 6379206
TI  - Bacteriophage T4 bypass31 mutations that make gene 31 nonessential for
      bacteriophage T4 replication: isolation and characterization.
AB  - T4 bacteriophage mutants called bypass31 (byp31) that specifically suppress gene
      31 amber mutations have been isolated and characterized. The mechanism by which
      the byp31 mutation, byp31-1, suppresses gene 31 nonsense mutations does not
      involve synthesis of gp31 or of a particular gp31 fragment; furthermore, the
      byp31 allele suppresses all nonsense mutations in gene 31 that have been tested.
      We detect no unusual properties among the T4 particles made in su- cells by the
      T4amN54byp31-1 double mutant. These virions, made in the absence of gp31, show
      normal heat sensitivity, normal sensitivity to osmotic shock, and normal
      morphology. Specific different gene 31 missense mutants are able to form plaques
      with high efficiencies on the following two types of host defective cells: (i)
      Escherichia coli groEL (Tilly et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78:1629-1633,
      1981) mutants that block T4 capsid assembly and (ii) E. coli rho mutants in which
      T4+ heads are assembled, but in which tail production and DNA synthesis are
      blocked. (Note that not all rho mutants block T4 production [G. Binkowski and L.
      D. Simon, p. 342-350, in C. K. Mathews, E. M. Kutter, G. Mosig, and P. B. Berget,
      ed., Bacteriophage T4, 1983]; T4 is able to replicate in rho mutants such as rho
      ts15, whose principal defect is that they fail to terminate transcription.) The
      byp31-1 allele permits production of T4 particles in E. coli groEL host-defective
      mutants, but not in E. coli rho host mutants.

PMID- 6379208
TI  - Venturesome toothpick. A continuing source of pyogenic hepatic abscess.

PMID- 6379207
TI  - Reactivation of persistent papovavirus K infection in immunosuppressed mice.
AB  - Papovavirus K (K virus) is a murine papovavirus that produces a fatal
      interstitial pneumonia in newborn mice and a clinically inapparent infection in
      older animals. The present study was conducted to determine whether the virus
      produces latent infection in animals surviving acute infection and whether the
      infection can be reactivated by immunosuppression. Mice were inoculated by the
      oral route with 100 newborn mouse 50% lethal doses at 12 days of age and followed
      for 8 months by using immunofluorescence staining. Cells positive for K virus
      capsid antigen were found in lungs, livers, kidneys, intestines, and brains for 6
      months, but not thereafter. Organ examined at 8 months were negative for virus by
      tissue culture assay, mouse inoculation, explantation, and cocultivation.
      Immunosuppression of the remaining animals with 8 weekly injections of
      cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg) resulted in the reappearance of viral antigen and
      infectious virus in multiple organs including brains. The highest titers of virus
      were present in kidneys. One animal sacrificed after 42 days of immunosuppression
      was found to have a small pulmonary adenoma or alveologenic carcinoma, but
      efforts to explant this tumor into tissue culture were unsuccessful. The present
      study demonstrates that K virus produces a latent infection that is reactivated
      by immunosuppression, and our results raise questions as to whether reactivated
      infection may occasionally be associated with the development of neoplasia.

PMID- 6379209
TI  - The cardiovascular effects of mechanical ventilation and positive end-expiratory
      pressure.

PMID- 6379210
TI  - Landmark article March 19, 1927: The care of the patient. By Francis W. Peabody.

PMID- 6379211
TI  - Landmark perspective: The care of the patient. Francis Peabody revisited.

PMID- 6379212
TI  - Ancient descriptions of hemophilia and preconception gender selection.

PMID- 6379213
TI  - Captopril and membranous glomerulopathy.

PMID- 6379214
TI  - Methylprednisolone in spinal cord injuries.

PMID- 6379215
TI  - Diseases of the genome. An interview with Victor A. McKusick.

PMID- 6379216
TI  - Robert Andrews Millikan.

PMID- 6379217
TI  - Microbial growth comparisons of five commercial parenteral lipid emulsions.
AB  - The ability of parenteral lipid emulsions to support microbial growth was
      compared using commercially available brands of lipid emulsion. Both 10 and 20%
      concentrations of soybean and safflower oil emulsions were used. Washed cultures
      of six gram-negative, three gram-positive, and one yeast, in concentrations of 1
      x 10(4) to 2 x 10(4) colony-forming units/ml, were inoculated into lipid emulsion
      aliquots and stored at room temperature. There were than subcultured at 0, 6, 12,
      24 and 48 hr. After 48 hr at 37 degrees C, growth was recorded as colony-forming
      units/ml. Normalized growth curves were expressed as mean +/- SEM. ANOVA
      demonstrated no difference in growth patterns due to the nature of the oil or its
      concentration. Gram-negative organisms multiplied faster when compared to gram
      positive (p less than 0.05 at 12 hr, p less than 0.01 at 24 hr, and p less than
      0.005 at 48 hr). Yeast grew as well as bacteria. The Center for Disease Control's
      recommendation of a 12-hr hang time for parenteral lipid emulsions should be
      observed until correlation of laboratory microbial growth patterns and clinical
      use are studied further.

PMID- 6379218
TI  - Clearance rate of intravenously administered lipid emulsion in canine
      endotoxemia.
AB  - The effect of endotoxemia on the initial catabolism of intravenously given lipid
      emulsion was investigated in dogs. Two types of endotoxemia were prepared. One
      was produced by peritonitis which was established by ligation of the artery and
      vein of an isolated intestine (group 1, n = 6). The other was made by an
      intravenous injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide in a dose of 1.5
      mg/kg of body weight (group 2, n = 6). Group 1 showed evident peritonitis with a
      positive limulus test 48 hr after the procedure, but no significant changes of
      blood sugar level and lactate/pyruvate ratio, while group 2 demonstrated profound
      hypoglycemia, significant elevation of lactate/pyruvate ratio, and low arterial
      pressure 3 to 5 hr after the injection of lipopolysaccharide. The clearance rate
      of intravenously administered lipid emulsion (K value) of group 1 before the
      peritonitis was 0.0105 +/- 0.0017 and after the peritonitis it was 0.0105 +/-
      0.0019. The difference was not significant, while the K value of group 2 which
      was 0.0133 +/- 0.0056 before the injection of lipopolysaccharide decreased
      significantly to 0.0069 +/- 0.0024 after the injection of lipopolysaccharide.
      These results suggest that, in case of endotoxemia with normally maintained
      oxidation-reduction potential, the initial catabolism of intravenously given
      lipid emulsion is kept in a normal level, while oxidation-reduction potential is
      impaired, it is inhibited.

PMID- 6379220
TI  - [My toxin research].

PMID- 6379219
TI  - [Complement-activating antimicrobial protein (camp) in sera].

PMID- 6379221
TI  - [Reflections on my research].

PMID- 6379222
TI  - [Method for the titration of bactericidal activity in multiple samples].

PMID- 6379223
TI  - [Cultivation of fastidious Mycobacterium, M. lepraemurium, in cell-free media].

PMID- 6379224
TI  - [Reflection on my research in bacteriology].

PMID- 6379225
TI  - [Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from ABO incompatible donor].

PMID- 6379226
TI  - [Electron microscopic observation on the pancreas after the experimental ligation
      of the common bile duct in rats].

PMID- 6379227
TI  - [Prostaglandins in rat gastric mucosa (9th report)--influence of senna].

PMID- 6379228
TI  - [Studies on glucagon responses to glucose in the subjects with total
      gastrectomy].

PMID- 6379229
TI  - A pedigree of deficiency of the ninth component of complement (C9).

PMID- 6379230
TI  - [Mutagenicity of pentachlorophenol, dinitro-o-cresol and their related
      compounds].

PMID- 6379231
TI  - [Recent advances of functional electrodes].

PMID- 6379232
TI  - [Ion-sensitive semiconductor electrode].

PMID- 6379233
TI  - [Immobilized enzyme electrodes].

PMID- 6379234
TI  - [Stimulation electrodes for applied neural control].

PMID- 6379235
TI  - [Pacemaker electrodes].

PMID- 6379236
TI  - [Studies of maltose metabolism in renal failure].

PMID- 6379237
TI  - [Study on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. I. Changes of plasma renin
      activity, plasma aldosterone concentration and urinary sodium excretion in
      normotensive subjects].

PMID- 6379238
TI  - [Study on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. II. Changes of plasma renin
      activity, plasma aldosterone concentration and urinary sodium excretion in the
      hypertensives].

PMID- 6379239
TI  - [A study on arterial renin-angiotensin system. Part I. Partial purification and
      subcellular localization of renin in rat aorta].

PMID- 6379240
TI  - Localization of glomerular fibronectin in human and experimental
      glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 6379241
TI  - [Current status and prospects of lung transplantation].

PMID- 6379242
TI  - Plasma levels of proinsulin, insulin and C-peptide in chronic renal, hepatic and
      muscular disorders.
AB  - Proinsulin, insulin and C-peptide levels were investigated in chronic renal,
      hepatic and muscular disorders. The proinsulin levels in human plasma were
      determined by radioimmunoassay using insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE). The fasting
      levels of proinsulin in 29 patients with chronic renal failure (0.95 +/- 0.05)
      were significantly higher than those in 10 patients with liver cirrhosis (0.46 +/
      0.04), six with muscular dystrophy (0.37 +/- 0.02) and 52 normal subjects (0.24
      +/- 0.02 ng/ml, mean +/- S.E.). The fasting levels of insulin and C-peptide in
      chronic renal failure were also the highest among these groups. The insulin
      levels in liver cirrhosis and muscular dystrophy were significantly greater than
      those in normal subjects and increased molar ratios of proinsulin to total
      insulin immunoreactivity in chronic renal failure were observed. These results
      suggest that the kidney, liver and muscle are related to circulating insulin
      levels and that the kidney plays a particularly important role in circulating
      proinsulin levels. It can be concluded that increases in these peptides are due
      to a hypersecretion of B-cells, a decreased degradation or excretion.

PMID- 6379243
TI  - The changing concept and classification of malignant lymphomas.

PMID- 6379244
TI  - Derangement of humoral immune system in nondialyzed uremic patients.
AB  - To evaluate the humoral immune system in patients with chronic renal failure, a
      cytological approach was taken. The uremic lymphocytes and their subsets in the
      peripheral blood were quantitated and their functions studied. In order to
      exclude the possible effects of extra-uremic factors, the lymphocytes were
      obtained from the uremic patients with serum creatinine levels of 8 mg/dl or
      more, and who had been submitted neither to blood transfusions nor dialysis
      therapy. Absolute numbers of PBL, T cells, B cells, null cells and double marker
      cells were decreased in uremic patients compared to healthy controls (p less than
      0.001), although the percentages of each cell subset of the patients were the
      same as with the healthy controls. In vitro plaque forming cell responses and DNA
      synthesis by uremic lymphocytes, stimulated with pokeweed mitogen, were
      significantly lower than those of the healthy controls. These data point to B
      lymphocyte as well as T lymphocyte dysfunction in uremia, which may be causally
      related to the uremic state itself.

PMID- 6379245
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation for advanced malignant lymphoma.

PMID- 6379246
TI  - [A long road to the hospice. Life of Mother Mary Aikenhead (13). The world of
      Samuel Beckett: St. Joseph Hospice and its environment].

PMID- 6379247
TI  - The physiological effects of Aralia, Panax and Eleutherococcus on exercised rats.
AB  - Relative and total amount of saponins in Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolius,
      Aralia mandshurica and Eleutherococcus senticosus were determined by thin-layer
      chromatography and by a spectrophotometric method. The ginsenoside Rg1 was
      present in American ginseng. Aralia and Eleutherococcus did not contain diol- and
      triol-type ginsenosides. Low concentrations of ginsenosides were found in
      Oriental red ginsengs (1.4-2.7%). Orally administered Araliaceae saponin extracts
      did not affect plasma lactic acid, glucagon, insulin or liver glycogen levels in
      exercised rats and did not prolong their swimming time. Plasma glucose levels in
      resting rats were decreased by saponin extracts of Canadian white, American red,
      Sanchi, Aralia, Eleutherococcus, Korean red and Shiu-Chi ginsengs.

PMID- 6379248
TI  - Antitumor effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor in
      mice.
AB  - The effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) against tumor growth and on cellular
      immunity were studied in comparison with those of tumor necrosis factor (TNF).
      LPS and TNF, which were administered into mice with tumors, induced hemorrhagic
      necrosis within 48 hours after the initiation of the treatment. LPS and TNF
      significantly inhibited the tumor growth, as compared with findings in the
      controls. There was no significant difference in inhibitory effect on tumor
      growth between mice treated with LPS or TNF once or twice. Both LPS and TNF
      prevented the decrease of delayed type hypersensitivity in the tumor bearing
      mice.

PMID- 6379249
TI  - Preparation and clinical utility of antihuman lymphocyte microsome gamma
      globulin.
AB  - To eliminate side effects inherent to the administration of the presently
      available antilymphocyte serum (ALS), microsomal fractions of lymphocytes have
      used as the antigen. Antiserum produced using microsomal fraction from mouse
      thymus cell as the antigen proved to have potent immunosuppressive activity.
      Subsequently, microsomal fraction from cultured human lymphocytes was used to
      produce potent immunosuppressive antisera. The antisera thus prepared was found
      to have a high leucoagglutinin titer. The antihuman lymphocyte microsome gamma
      globulin (AHLMG) prepared was administered to 6 patients undergoing renal
      transplantation from living donors. Severe rejection episodes and serious side
      effects such as anaphylactoid reaction and thrombocytopenia were nil. This AHLMG
      which is devoid of side effects yet retains immunosuppressive activity warrants
      extended purification.

PMID- 6379250
TI  - [Studies on reflux nephropathy, I. Evaluation of renal function by urinary
      excretion of beta 2-microglobulin].

PMID- 6379251
TI  - [Immunological studies on renal transplantation. I. Clinical and experimental
      studies on immunosuppression by combined use of azathioprine and mizoribine].

PMID- 6379252
TI  - [Carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder: clinical experience and preliminary
      study of Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen].

PMID- 6379253
TI  - Immunohistochemical studies on the localization of antigen-bearing phagocytes and
      lymphocytes in mouse lymph nodes after the germinal center formation.

PMID- 6379254
TI  - Effects of arginine and cold exposure on secretory responses of insulin, glucagon
      and 11-hydroxycorticosteroids in piglets.

PMID- 6379255
TI  - Conversion of cryptic plasmids into R plasmids in drug sensitive Escherichia coli
      isolated from laboratory mice and rats.

PMID- 6379256
TI  - Human renal antigen defined by a murine monoclonal antibody.
AB  - Fusion of spleen cells from a mouse immunized with a surgical specimen of a human
      renal carcinoma with murine P3 myeloma cells resulted in the establishment of a
      hybridoma cell line that secreted a monoclonal antibody (MKi-1), of IgG1
      subclass, which preferentially reacted on kidney crude membrane (CM)
      preparations. This monoclonal antibody was tested by solid-phase
      radioimmunometric assay and immunofluorescence (IF) on a panel of tumor cell
      lines and on CM preparations and cell suspensions from surgical specimens of
      normal and neoplastic tissues. In addition, cryosections of normal and cancer
      tissues of various histologic types were tested by IF. The expression of the MKi
      1 antigen was limited to normal kidney epithelium, renal cancers, some areas in
      the pancreas, the apical region of some breast ducts, and a proportion (5-50%) of
      activated lymphocytes. Electron microscopic study by the immunoperoxidase
      technique on fixed sections from normal kidney showed that MKi-1 stained the
      brush border of almost all proximal tubules. The molecule recognized by MKi-1 was
      a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 140,000.

PMID- 6379258
TI  - [A controlled trial of 6-month and 12-month regimens after negative conversion of
      sputum in the original treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Report of the 21st
      series of controlled trials of chemotherapy. Cooperative Study Unit of
      Chemotherapy of Tuberculosis of National Sanatoria in Japan (CSUCTNS)].

PMID- 6379257
TI  - Effects of the hepatocarcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene on insulin binding to
      microsomal and Golgi fractions of rat liver cells.
AB  - Adult male Fischer rats fed the hepatocarcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene [(2-AAF)
      CAS: 53-96-3; N-fluoren-2-yl-acetamide] at 0.02% showed a sharp decrease in the
      insulin binding to the Golgi fraction of the liver cells: from 10.0% specific
      binding per 0.1 mg protein in control animals to 5.9% after only 2 days and to
      1.5% after 21 days of feeding 2-AAF. A less pronounced and slower decrease was
      observed in the microsomal fraction: from 19.1% specific binding per 0.5 mg
      protein in controls to a nadir of 10.8% after 46 days. The low binding of insulin
      to both fractions was observed for the 85 days of the experiment and persisted
      also in the animals fed 2-AAF for 90-107 days and then taken off the carcinogen
      for 30-75 days. The decrease in binding was due to the apparent decrease in the
      number of receptors. Neither 2-AAF nor its metabolites N-hydroxy-2-AAF (CAS: 53
      95-2; N-fluoren-2-yl-acetohydroxamic acid) and N-acetoxy-2-AAF (CAS: 6098-44-8;
      N,O-diacetyl-N-fluoren-2-yl-hydroxylamine) influenced the insulin binding to the
      microsomes when added to the reaction mixture in vitro.

PMID- 6379259
TI  - [Characteristics of acid-fast organisms isolated from tuberculous lymphadenitis
      lesion of two children who had been BCG-vaccinated. Differentiation of BCG from
      other strains of Mycobacterium bovis].

PMID- 6379260
TI  - [Current questions concerning unstable stenocardia].

PMID- 6379261
TI  - [Effect of etmozin and ethacizin (diethylamino analog of etmozin) on local
      microcardiac blood flow and the fibrillation threshold of the heart].
AB  - Using the thermoclearance method, the antiarrhythmic drugs ethmozine and
      ethacizine (a diethylamine analogue of ethmozine) were shown to improve the blood
      supply of the ischemic zone which developed acute occlusion of the canine
      coronary following artery. The effects of the drugs were most prominent in the
      subepicardial area. The occlusion of the coronary artery resulted in a reduction
      of the local blood flow in the subepicardial are by 75.6 +/- 4.6% in the control
      group, by 54.2 +/- 9.7% (p less than 0.05) in the ethmozine group (3 mg/kg) and
      by 34.2 +/- 8.2% (p less than 0.05) in the group receiving ethacizine (1 mg/kg).
      In acute experiments on cats both drugs increased the threshold of cardiac
      fibrillation induced by high frequency electric stimulation. Following the
      administration of ethmozine (3 mg/kg), the threshold of right atrial fibrillation
      enhanced by 187 +/- 70% (p less than 0.05) while with ethacizine (1 mg/kg) it
      rose by 181 +/- 66% (p less than 0.05). The increase in the threshold of right
      ventricle fibrillation for ethmozine constituted 82 +/- 41% (p less than 0.05)
      and for ethacizine 77 +/- 38% (p less than 0.05).

PMID- 6379262
TI  - [Features of vascular reactivity, sodium metabolism and its humoral regulation in
      healthy subjects with a family history of hypertension].
AB  - The examination of 140 normal individuals with a family history of essential
      hypertension (FHEH) showed a number of differences in their cardiovascular and
      renin-aldosterone responses as compared to 170 normal subjects of the control
      group. Two years later the results were analyzed once again with regard to blood
      pressure changes. It turned out that subjects with a FHEH and an unfavourable
      pattern of blood pressure changes over two years exhibited elevated response of
      cutaneous vessels to angiotensin and noradrenaline, a higher threshold of
      gustatory sensitivity to salt and an increased BP response to psychoemotional
      stress already during the first examination. It is concluded that the most
      informative markers of the prehypertension state among the genetically determined
      features characteristic of healthy individuals with a FHEH are changes in sodium
      metabolism and regulation which are responsible for the development of vascular
      hyperactivity.

PMID- 6379263
TI  - [Carbohydrate metabolism in the myocardium and the importance of insulin in
      chronic kidney failure].

PMID- 6379264
TI  - [Hyperventilation test of ischemic heart disease patients].

PMID- 6379266
TI  - [Changes in the physical load tolerance of stenocardia patients taking obzidan,
      korinfar and izoptin separately and together].
AB  - Changes in exercise tolerance under the impact of obsidan, corinfar, isoptin and
      their combinations were studied in 12 angina patients with the help of bicycle
      ergometry. The most marked increase in exercise tolerance following the use of a
      single drug was observed with obsidan (85.1 +/- 35.1%), although corinfar and
      isoptin also led to a significant elevation in the patients' working capacity
      (67.4 +/- 14.4% and 49.8 +/- 6.3%, respectively). Combination of isoptin and
      obsidan brought about no increase in tolerance as compared with obsidan alone
      whereas the combination of corinfar with obsidan showed the maximal antianginal
      effect.

PMID- 6379265
TI  - [Comparative study of the effectiveness of korinfar, izoptin and obzidan in
      patients with variant stenocardia combined with effort stenocardia].
AB  - Twelve patients with variant angina combined with angina of effort were examined.
      Repeated exercise tests prior to the administration of antianginal drugs revealed
      the spontaneous variability of the patients' tolerance to the exercise and of the
      pulse-pressure index at the exercise peak which may serve as an indirect sign of
      the angiospastic factor involvement in clinical manifestations of angina of
      effort. The treatment of such patients with corinfar and isoptin was associated
      with the elimination and significant reduction of spontaneous attacks of angina
      attended by a considerable increase in the exercise tolerance and in the pulse
      pressure index at the exercise peak. The treatment with obsidan in these cases
      was less effective: the incidence of spontaneous anginal attacks changed
      insignificantly, the tolerance to exercise increased with the reduction of the
      maximum value of the pulse-pressure index.

PMID- 6379268
TI  - Incidences of drug resistant and various bioactive Escherichia coli strains
      isolated in the Capital Hospital in Beijing.

PMID- 6379267
TI  - Serological zero grouping and drug susceptibility of Escherichia coli strains
      isolated from chicken affected with colibacillosis.

PMID- 6379269
TI  - [Remarks with regard to the article by Prof. Iu. S. Silaev V.K. Esipov and A.A.
      Vaniushin "Method of gastric resection" ("Khirurgiia" 1982, no. 12)].

PMID- 6379270
TI  - [Surgical treatment of multiple polyps of the large intestine (review of the
      literature)].

PMID- 6379271
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of cancer and benign lesions of the stomach].

PMID- 6379272
TI  - [Old versus young donor corneas].
AB  - Postoperative thinning curves of 52 corneal grafts in keratoconus eyes show no
      significant difference between young and old donor material during the first 8
      days. There is also no significant difference in the surgical and further
      postoperative endothelial cell loss up to 2 years. The examination of 23 grafts
      performed 17 years ago revealed an average cell density of 860 per mm2
      independent of the donor age. The clinical experience that graft clarity is not
      related to the donor age and our present findings suggest that there is no upper
      age limit for corneal donor material.

PMID- 6379273
TI  - [Perilenticular tissue changes in intraocular lenses worn without complications].
AB  - Eighteen eyes containing an intraocular lens (IOL) removed post mortem from 16
      patients after an uncomplicated postoperative course of up to 50 months, and 2
      IOLs removed intraoperatively were studied macroscopically, histologically and
      ultrastructurally to detect changes in the lenses themselves and in the
      surrounding ocular tissues. Various types of lens-loop degradation, erosion of
      the iris pigment epithelium with formation of posterior synechiae and pressure
      atrophy of the iris stroma were found, but there was little evidence of iritis. A
      mixed cell population containing many foreign-body giant cells had settled on
      most lenses, some of which were encased in membranes. The loops of one Sinskey
      PCL had penetrated the ciliary body and iris root to reach the trabecular
      meshwork. The significance of these findings is discussed.

PMID- 6379274
TI  - [Comparison of the anti-inflammatory effect of collyria of dexamethasone and
      diclofenac].
AB  - A clinical double-blind study of patients who had undergone intracapsular
      cataract extraction with intraocular implant was performed in an attempt to
      compare the anti-inflammatory effect of Dexamethasone and Diclofenac eye drops.
      The parameters compared were: degree of inflammation of the anterior chamber;
      pachymetry of the cornea; objective and subjective tolerance of the eye drops;
      examination of the fundus (fluorescein angiography on the 60th day); intraocular
      pressure. The statistical analysis of the different parameters shows a tendency
      in favor of the non-steroidal agent for intraocular pressure; there was no
      apparent difference in the anti-inflammatory actions of the two substances.

PMID- 6379275
TI  - [Low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg/day) following aortocoronary bypass
      operation].
AB  - A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted
      to evaluate the efficacy of Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASS) (100 mg/d, starting 24 h
      after operation) on vein graft patency. Sixty of 88 patients having undergone
      surgery entered the study; in 24 of 31 patients in the placebo group and 22 of 29
      patients in the ASS-group angiography was performed 4 months postoperatively.
      There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to age,
      number of diseased vessels or previous myocardial infarctions. Mean number of
      grafts per patient was 2,2 (placebo) and 1,8 (ASS) for proximal anastomoses (p
      less than 0.10) and 3.4 (placebo) and 2.6 (ASS) for distal anastomoses (p less
      than 0.05). Graft occlusion rate for proximal anastomoses was less in the ASS
      group, 10% (4/40), as compared with placebo 32% (17/53) (p less than 0.05). Graft
      occlusion rate for distal anastomoses was also less in the ASS group, 19% (11/57)
      as compared to 35% (28/81) in the placebo group (p less than 0.10). All grafts
      were patent in 16/22 patients in the ASS group but only in 9/24 in the placebo
      group (p less than 0.05). On designation of patients without postoperative
      angiograms but cardiovascular events as well as those with at least one graft
      occluded as "failures", the incidence of the latter was 9/29 in the ASS group and
      20/31 in the placebo group (p less than 0.05). Early postoperative bleeding was
      similar in both groups, no side effects of ASS were observed. In this trial with
      initiation of low - dose ASS therapy 24 h after operation, antiplatelet therapy
      reduced the graft occlusion rate significantly.

PMID- 6379276
TI  - Primary aldosteronism due to adrenal carcinomas.
AB  - In the present study two patients with aldosterone-producing adrenal carcinomas
      are reported. The clinical features were characterized by hypertension and severe
      hypokalemia with muscular weakness, flaccid paralysis of arms and legs, diarrhea
      and polyuria. In both cases excessively high plasma aldosterone levels and
      suppressed plasma renin activity were found. In contrast to most other cases with
      aldosterone-secreting tumours plasma cortisol, urinary free cortisol excretion,
      17-hydroxy- and 17-ketosteroids were in the normal range. There was no clinical
      evidence of oversecretion of sex hormones. After adrenalectomy blood pressure and
      serum potassium normalized and the clinical symptoms disappeared. Plasma
      aldosterone and urinary aldosterone secretion returned to normal, while plasma
      renin activity remained low. Three and a half and 6 months later primary
      aldosteronism and the associated clinical symptoms reappeared due to hormonally
      active metastases. After introducing the antitumour drug o,p'-DDD in patient 1
      aldosterone secretion normalized and the clinical status of the patient markedly
      improved. However, 10 months after diagnosis the patient died due to a
      haemorrhage from a liver metastasis. In patient 2 tumour-invaded regional lymph
      nodes were surgically removed with only minor changes in the hormone pattern.

PMID- 6379278
TI  - [Stomach ulcer associated with duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 6379277
TI  - [Medical circle of the prominent Russian poet V.A. Zhukovskii (on the 200th
      anniversary of his birth)].

PMID- 6379279
TI  - [V. A. Oppel' and the development of physiological surgery].

PMID- 6379280
TI  - [Girolamo Fracastoro (on the 500th anniversary of his birth)].

PMID- 6379281
TI  - [Sex hormones and peptic ulcer].

PMID- 6379282
TI  - [Diagnostic significance of enzymorrhea].

PMID- 6379283
TI  - [Administration of hemostatic mixture through an endoscope in gastroduodenal
      hemorrhage].

PMID- 6379284
TI  - Plasma and erythrocyte volumes of newborn rabbits delivered after 30 days of
      gestation.
AB  - The plasma and erythrocyte volumes of 18 rabbit fetuses delivered by caesarean
      section on day 30 of gestation were measured by a double labelling radioisotope
      technique after separation from the placenta. These late gestation fetuses were
      viable. A negative correlation was found between the bodyweight of the neonate
      and its blood volume expressed as a percentage of bodyweight. The equation of the
      linear regression line was Y = 92.3 - 3.9X. The haematocrit was 0.494 +/- 0.029
      l/l.

PMID- 6379285
TI  - The use of flexible film isolators for housing experimental animals.
AB  - The change-over from conventional husbandry to the housing of minimal-disease
      experimental animals kept in flexible-film isolators resulted in improved
      survival and thus more definitive experimental results. The disadvantages and
      advantages of the change are discussed.

PMID- 6379286
TI  - 'Normalization' of germfree mice with anaerobically cultured caecal flora of
      'normal' mice.
AB  - Germfree (GF) mice were inoculated with a cultured flora from 10(-1), 10(-3), 10(
      5), and 10(-7) dilutions of caecal contents from a 'normal' mouse. GF mice
      associated with a flora of a 'normal' mouse served as controls. The following
      intestinal parameters were determined: Colonization resistance (CR), Relative
      caecal weight (RCW), villus:crypt ratio (jejunum and ileum), IgA-producing cells
      (jejunum and ileum), beta-aspartyl glycine (faeces), volatile and non-volatile
      fatty acids (caecum) and bile acids (faeces). Only the 10(-1) culture was able to
      induce similar changes in the GF mice to a 'normal' flora. The GF + 10(-5) and GF
      + 10(-7) groups deviated markedly from the controls while the GF + 10(-3) group
      showed in general intermediate values between GF + SPF and GF + 10(-1) on the one
      hand and GF + 10(-5) and GF + 10(-7) on the other hand. beta-aspartyl glycine was
      present only in the GF + 10(-7) group. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of
      ileal contents revealed segmented filamentous organisms in the ileum of controls
      and the GF + 10(-1) group. The faecal flora consisted mainly of fusiform
      organisms. In the faeces of the 10(-5) and 10(-7) groups increasing amounts of
      non-bacterial matter were found, while in the faeces of the other groups
      virtually only bacteria were seen.

PMID- 6379287
TI  - Diagnostic exercise. Cryptococcosis in a cat.

PMID- 6379288
TI  - Malignant lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease in baboons (Papio sp.).
AB  - Four cases of spontaneous malignant lymphoma and one of Hodgkin's lymphoma in
      baboons at the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research were studied and
      described. These cases were in animals of both sexes that varied in age from 6 to
      25 years, and were in residence at the Foundation from 2 to 24 years, during
      which time there was no known exposure to carcinogenetic agents. Attempts to
      isolate an etiological viral agent or demonstrate viral particles in lymphoid
      tissue were unsuccessful.

PMID- 6379289
TI  - Hyperacute renal allograft rejection in the rabbit. The role of platelet
      activating factor and of cationic proteins derived from polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes and from platelets.
AB  - The macroscopic signs of rejection, the levels of circulating transplantation
      antibodies, the histologic and immunocytochemical aspects, and the levels of
      platelet-activating factor (PAF) present in the venous blood were studied in two
      groups of rabbits that had received renal allografts, one group presensitized
      with multiple skin grafts and a second group unsensitized, as well as in a third
      group of rabbits that had received renal autografts. All of the eight allografts
      hyperacutely rejected by presensitized recipients had deposits of rabbit IgG,
      IgM, and C3 along the endothelia of the vessels and massive intravascular
      accumulation of platelets (Pt) as soon as 5 minutes after revascularization. PAF
      release was detected in 2 to 10 minutes after revascularization and was present
      throughout most of the 60 minutes of observation. Sixty minutes after
      transplantation Pt and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) obliterated the
      vasculature and deposits of Pt- and PMN-derived cationic proteins were detected
      in the lumina and in the walls of the capillaries. Similar, but less severe,
      findings were observed in three of six renal allografts which had transient
      episodes of rejection after transplantation into presensitized recipients. In
      contrast, circulating transplantation antibodies, macroscopic signs of rejection,
      vascular immune deposits, release of PAF, and microvascular thrombosis were not
      detected in renal allografts transplanted into unsensitized recipients or in
      renal autografts. The results indicate that in hyperacute renal allograft
      rejection there is an immediate fixation of transplantation antibodies and
      complement of the recipient to endothelial antigens of the graft, local release
      of PAF, and massive accumulation, aggregation, and degranulation of Pt and PMN in
      the vasculature, resulting in a binding of Pt- and PMN-derived cationic proteins
      to the walls of the capillaries. It is conceivable that PAF release and Pt and
      PMN cationic proteins may contribute, together with other lysosomal enzymes,
      vasoconstriction, and coagulation, to the pathogenesis of antibody- and
      complement-mediated hyperacute graft injury.

PMID- 6379290
TI  - Peripheral glomerular basement membrane thickness in the normal and diabetic
      monkey.
AB  - Diabetes of varying severity was induced in a colony of rhesus monkeys by
      streptozotocin injection or total pancreatectomy. Peripheral glomerular basement
      membrane thickness was determined using a reproducible and efficient procedure.
      Four groups of monkeys formed on the basis of sex, age, severity, and duration of
      treatment were analyzed. In control animals peripheral glomerular basement
      membrane thickness increased with age from 3 to 7 years, whereas monkeys aged 11
      to 18 years had relatively constant measurements. Mean values did not differ
      between control and age-matched non-insulin-dependent streptozotocin-injected
      animals treated up to 13 years previously. Insulin-dependent streptozotocin
      treated or pancreatectomized monkeys with a treatment duration of 10 to 27 months
      were not different from age-matched controls, whereas insulin-dependent monkeys
      treated 2 to 12.5 years earlier showed significantly increased peripheral
      glomerular basement membrane thickness. The peripheral glomerular basement
      membrane thickening observed in the insulin-dependent monkey is easily measured
      and is similar to changes observed in human diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6379291
TI  - The lesion of acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Isolation and
      membrane phenotypes of perivascular infiltrates from encephalitic rat brain white
      matter.
AB  - Vascular elements were isolated from the brain white matter of rats with acute
      experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis following transfer of activated myelin
      basic protein-specific syngeneic T line lymphocytes. Fractions containing highly
      purified capillary and small postcapillary vessels and fractions enriched for
      perivascular infiltrates ("cuffs") were obtained using equilibrium density
      gradient centrifugation to remove myelin and 1 X g sedimentation in a fetal calf
      serum gradient to sort the vascular elements. Immunocytochemical analysis
      revealed that capillary cells were negative for Ia determinants. In small
      postcapillary vessels with scanty lymphoid cell infiltration, Ia expression was
      restricted to circumscript areas, often, but not always, around adhering lymphoid
      cells. Immunocytochemistry combined with cytofluorometry established that the
      majority of all perivascular lymphocytes expressed the phenotype W3/25, defining
      either helper T cells or T cells involved in delayed-type hypersensitivity. Less
      than 3% of the lymphocytes were positive for OX8, which defines suppressor and
      cytotoxic T subsets. Membrane immunoglobulin expressing B lymphocytes were also
      less than 10% of the infiltrating cells.

PMID- 6379292
TI  - Renal transplantation in diabetic patients--initial results from a new program in
      South Carolina.

PMID- 6379293
TI  - Post-traumatic insulin resistance in uninjured forearm tissue.
AB  - Insulin resistance is a hallmark of post-traumatic metabolism. The mechanism and
      site of this resistance, however, have not been elucidated. To further define the
      site of this abnormality, glucose uptake across the uninjured forearm was
      measured in conjunction with hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp studies in 21 normals
      and 5 patients with multiple trauma. Under these conditions, glucose infused
      approximates whole body glucose disposal (M, milligrams/kilogram/min). Forearm
      glucose flux (Q, milligrams/100 ml tissue/min) is the product of blood flow and
      arterial-deep venous glucose difference (A-DV). In the basal, unperturbed state
      forearm glucose uptake (Q) was significantly lower in the patients (0.01 +/- 0.04
      mg/100 ml/min) than in the normals (0.06 +/- 0.02) and not significantly
      different from zero. Basal serum insulin in patients (17 +/- 3 microU/ml) was
      significantly greater than controls (11 +/- 1). During steady-state conditions of
      euglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, forearm glucose uptake in the patients (0.36 +/-
      0.18 mg/100 ml/min was not significantly different from the basal value. At
      comparable serum insulin levels in controls, forearm glucose uptake was
      approximately three times that of the injured patients. This is the first in vivo
      confirmation of the hypothesis that post-traumatic insulin resistance occurs in
      uninjured forearm tissue, primarily skeletal muscle. Diminished forearm glucose
      uptake is present in the resting basal state and cannot be overcome by increasing
      insulin concentrations.

PMID- 6379294
TI  - Delayed hypersensitivity, anergy, and the surgical patient.

PMID- 6379295
TI  - Influence of breast feeding on subsequent reactivity to a related renal
      allograft.
AB  - In a previous report the hypothesis that exposure of the neonate to maternal
      allogeneic cells via the process of breast feeding would result in
      hyporesponsiveness to a subsequent maternal donor-related renal transplant was
      examined. Support for this hypothesis was obtained after correlating results of
      maternal donor-related renal transplantation with the breast feeding status of
      the transplant recipient. In the present report this observation has been
      expanded upon and it was asked if a history of breast feeding was associated with
      improved results in a different patient population (HLA semi-identical sibling
      donors). Breast-fed patients showed dramatic improvements in graft function rates
      compared to non-breast-fed counterparts at all intervals studied (P less than or
      equal to 0.001). Because a history of breast feeding correlated with improved
      results after sibling donor as well as maternal donor transplantation, it was
      concluded that the breast feeding effect is not entirely specific for maternal
      antigens. These observations underscore the importance of breast feeding as a
      variable in clinical-related renal transplantation.

PMID- 6379296
TI  - Progression and resolution of myocardial reflow injury.
AB  - The development of and recovery from a severe yet nonlethal myocardial injury
      following hyperkalemic cardioplegia and prolonged hypothermic global ischemia was
      examined over 14 days in a rat model of heterotopic intraabdominal cardiac
      isograft transplantation. Mitochondrial enzymatic markers of myocardial ischemic
      injury and light microscopic signs of damage were examined. Eighteen hearts were
      arrested in situ using hyperkalemic cardioplegia and subjected to a mean of 38
      min of ischemia at 20 degrees C as transplantation was achieved. No changes in
      mitochondrial creatine kinase (CKm) activity, mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase
      (MDHm) activity, their ratio, or morphologic evidence of injury were found during
      8 days of reperfusion. In a second group of 66 hearts, the duration of
      hypothermic cardioplegic ischemia was extended by 120 min before transplantation.
      Neither unreperfused hearts nor hearts reperfused for only 1 hr demonstrated
      significant depression of enzyme activities or microscopic evidence of injury.
      However, after 1 day of reperfusion, CKm and MDHm activities were depressed to 36
      and 44% of control levels (P less than 0.05). These activities had returned to
      control levels by 2 days of reperfusion and remained stable for 12 days
      thereafter. Light microscopic analysis revealed cellular injury to be maximal at
      1 to 2 days of reperfusion with gradual improvement noted over the following 12
      days. These observations suggest the existence of a mitochondrial injury
      following prolonged cardioplegic arrest and hypothermic global ischemia that is
      maximal after 24 hr of reperfusion but shows evidence of improvement thereafter.
      These findings justify aggressive support of the poorly functioning heart for the
      first few days after prolonged global ischemia.

PMID- 6379297
TI  - Mechanisms of impaired renal function with PEEP.
AB  - Deterioration in renal function associated with positive end-expiratory pressure
      (PEEP) has been attributed to renal hypoperfusion from the fall in cardiac output
      and mean arterial blood pressure. Using a canine in vivo model, renal function
      was measured during control, zero end-expiratory pressure (ZEEP), and PEEP (5,
      10, and 15 cm H2O) ventilatory cycles, while renal blood flow was maintained
      constant with a pump. High PEEP (15 cm H2O) led to a rise in renal vein pressure
      (RVP) and a fall in mean arterial pressure (MAP). PEEP resulted in no change in
      glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or solute exertion; however, free-water
      clearance (FWC) became less negative in the 15-cm H2O PEEP group. Intrarenal
      autoregulation maintains GFR during ventilation with PEEP when renal blood flow
      is constant, supporting the view that altered filtration and solute excretion
      clinically is secondary to changes in aortic pressure and renal perfusion.

PMID- 6379298
TI  - The clearance capacity of the canine liver for a portal vein endotoxin infusion.
AB  - The capacity of the livers of anesthetized dogs to clear a portal vein infusion
      of Escherichia coli 026 endotoxin was evaluated. Appearance of the endotoxin in
      arterial blood was quantitated by immunoradiometric assay. Various hemodynamic
      and metabolic parameters were monitored throughout the infusion to corroborate
      the development of systemic endotoxemia. Significant amounts of E. coli 026
      endotoxin were detected in arterial blood after infusion of 240 micrograms
      endotoxin. As expected, systemic endotoxemia was associated with decreased
      cardiac index, mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and splanchnic (portal
      vein) blood flow. Changes in plasma levels of glucose, insulin, and glucagon and
      in the pancreatic outputs of insulin and glucagon did not occur before the
      development of severe hypotension and the termination of the study. It was
      concluded that the liver clearance capacity for endotoxin in the dog is 0.72
      microgram/gm liver/hour and that severe hemodynamic alterations develop in this
      animal model before changes in carbohydrate balance.

PMID- 6379299
TI  - Naloxone therapy in awake endotoxemic Yucatan minipigs.
AB  - Twelve Yucatan miniature pigs were fitted with jugular, portal, hepatic vein, and
      carotid artery catheters, and hepatic artery and portal vein flow cuffs to
      quantitate portosystemic and transhepatic kinetics. Seventy-two hours later they
      were placed in slings, and following a 3-hr control period were infused with
      Escherichia coli endotoxin at 15 micrograms/kg/hr for 6 hr. Eight were controls
      and 4 received a primed (2 mg/kg) continuous infusion (2 mg/kg/hr) of naloxone 1
      hr after initiation of endotoxin. In the naloxone group, arterial hypotension
      developed by 60 min. Arterial pressure increased to 125 mm Hg by 80 min (20 min
      post naloxone) and maintained this level for 3 hr. [6-3H]Glucose-derived rate of
      disappearance (Rd) values were increased above their own control period at 60 and
      80 min, but were approximately 55% lower than untreated controls. Rate of
      appearance (Ra) values remained unchanged in the naloxone group resulting in a
      net glucose deficit. After 1 hr of endotoxin, blood pyruvate increased from 1.0
      to 1.8 mg%, reached 3.3 mg% at 80 min, and remained elevated. Blood lactate
      similarly increased from 11 to 35 mg% by 60 min, increasing further to 82 mg% 20
      min after naloxone infusion, in concert with signs of severe distress. Portal and
      hepatic total O2 decreased by 60 min and 100 min, respectively, reflecting
      depressed hepatic O2, input. Lethality was 75% in naloxone-treated pigs by the
      end of the experiment, vs 0% in untreated animals. Naloxone improves some
      hemodynamic parameters. However, in these conscious postsurgical patients,
      naloxone blocked some beneficial effects of endogenous opiates resulting in
      severe metabolic derangements and increased mortality.

PMID- 6379300
TI  - The radiolabeled microsphere technique in gut blood flow measurement--current
      practice.
AB  - Measurement of blood flow to the gut has become an integral part of the
      physiologic study of the gastrointestinal tract. While many methods have been
      utilized in measuring tissue blood flow, the one most often practiced today is
      dependent on injection of radioactively labeled microspheres. The theoretical
      basis of the microsphere technique is analogous to that of the indicator-dilution
      method. A bolus of microspheres suspended in a suitable vehicle is injected into
      the left atrium or left ventricle where they mix uniformly with the oxygenated
      blood. They are then distributed via aortic blood flow to the capillary beds
      within each organ in proportion to the volume of microsphere-containing blood.
      Technical aspects of tissue processing, gamma energy detection, and gamma
      spectrum analysis are reviewed. Sources of experimental error and techniques for
      their reduction are also discussed.

PMID- 6379301
TI  - Pituitary androgen receptors and the resistance of long-term castrated rams to
      the androgenic control of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion.
AB  - Luteinizing hormone (LH) responses of short-term (24 h) and long-term (6 mo)
      castrated rams to testosterone replacement therapy were investigated.
      Testosterone filled Silastic capsules which maintained physiological
      concentrations of testosterone in blood (approximately 3.2 ng/ml) prevented the
      post-castration rise in serum LH of short-term castrated rams but failed to
      effectively reduce the established elevated serum LH levels in long-term
      castrated rams. The LH response to exogenous LHRH was also suppressed in the
      short-term castrated rams, whereas the response was increased in direct
      proportion to basal LH levels in long-term castrates. The possibility that a
      change in pituitary androgen receptors may explain the resistance of long-term
      castrates to testosterone feedback was examined. For this purpose, a cytosolic
      androgen receptor binding assay was developed using tritiated methyltrienolone (R
      1881) as the labeled ligand and dextran-charcoal to separate free and protein
      bound steroid. Stable, high affinity (Kd = 0.3-1.5 nM), saturable binding of R
      1881 was demonstrated in pituitary cytosol from both intact and castrate rams.
      Relative binding specificities in intact rams, however, suggested partial binding
      to a progestin-binding component, whereas receptor binding in long-term castrates
      was androgen specific. For this reason, androgen receptor binding was studied
      after addition of triamcinolone acetonide to occupy apparent progestin binding
      sites. We observed no differences in either androgen receptor concentration (4.10
      +/- 0.70 versus 3.23 +/- 0.45 fmol/mg protein; Mean +/- SD) nor ligand affinity
      at 0 degrees C (Kd = 0.66 +/- 0.34 versus 0.40 +/- 0.08 nM) in 6 mo compared to
      24-h castrate rams. These data indicate that the inability of androgens to
      suppress gonadotropin secretion in long-term castrate rams is unlikely to be
      related to specific changes in pituitary cytosol androgen receptors.

PMID- 6379302
TI  - Excretion of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 26-tetrol and
      corticosterone metabolites in rat bile. Studies on the role of alcohol
      dehydrogenase in steroid metabolism.
AB  - The monosulphate of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 26-tetrol was
      identified in bile of female and male rats. The excretion in the female rats
      decreased from 10-20 nmol/h directly after insertion of the bile cannula to very
      low values after 6 h. It then increased to reach a constant rate after 24 h that
      was slightly lower than during the first hour. Administration of 4-methylpyrazole
      or ethanol failed to change the rate of excretion. Thus there was no increase in
      the rate of excretion that might have resulted from an inhibited oxidation
      catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1). Male rats were fed liquid
      ethanol-containing and control diets for 24 days prior to insertion of the bile
      cannula. The excretion during the first 3 h was 10-30 nmol/h in both groups, and
      chronic ethanol treatment did not change this rate. The effect of 4
      methylpyrazole on the ratio between the excretion rates of the 3 beta- and 3
      alpha-isomers of 3,11 beta, 21-trihydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one disulphate was
      measured by a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method. The absence of any
      significant change indicated that the 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
      activity of alcohol dehydrogenase was of no significance in the metabolism of
      corticosterone.

PMID- 6379303
TI  - A dual modulatory effect of progesterone on the LHRH-induced LH release.
AB  - The role of progesterone on the release of LH induced by 25 or 50 ng of LHRH was
      studied in proestrus rats in which spontaneous preovulatory release of LH was
      prevented by sodium pentobarbitone. After the s.c. administration of progesterone
      (5 mg) at 18.00 h of diestrus day 2 or at 12.00 h of proestrus, serum LH was not
      detectable at 17.15 h of proestrus. Injections of 25 or 50 ng of LHRH at 17.00 h
      of proestrus induced a dose response release of LH 15 min after. However, the LH
      response to LHRH administration increased significantly when progesterone was
      injected at 12.00 h of proestrus. The potentiating effect of progesterone seems
      to be exerted at pituitary level. The effect of LHRH and the enhanced response of
      the pituitary after progesterone treatment was prevented by the administration of
      the antiestrogen Tamoxifen in diestrus day 2. The release of LH induced by 50 ng
      of LHRH on proestrus day was blocked by the previous injection of progesterone on
      diestrus day 2. The inhibition was maintained even though a second dose of
      progesterone was given at 12.00 h of proestrus. The simultaneous administration
      of estrogen and progesterone on diestrus day 2 did not prevent the inhibitory
      effect of progesterone. It is concluded that the facilitatory or inhibitory
      effect of progesterone on the release of LH induced by LHRH is dependent upon the
      previous sensitization of the pituitary to estrogen.

PMID- 6379304
TI  - Biological activity of the alkaloids of Erythroxylum coca and Erythroxylum
      novogranatense.
AB  - The cultivated Erythroxylum varieties E. coca var. coca, E. coca var. ipadu, E.
      novogranatense var. novogranatense and E. novogranatense var. truxillense contain
      18 alkaloids, identified so far, belonging to the tropanes, pyrrolidines and
      pyridines, with cocaine as the main alkaloid. The biological activity of the
      following alkaloids has been reported in the literature: cocaine,
      cinnamoylcocaine, benzoylecgonine, methylecgonine, pseudotropine, benzoyltropine,
      tropacocaine, alpha- and beta-truxilline, hygrine, cuscohygrine and nicotine. The
      biological activity of cocaine and nicotine is not reviewed here, because it is
      discussed elsewhere in the literature. Hardly anything is known about the
      biological activity of the other alkaloids present in the four varieties
      mentioned. The biosynthesis of the coca alkaloids has been outlined.

PMID- 6379305
TI  - Intermittent aortic cross-clamping versus St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegia in
      extensive aorta-coronary bypass grafting. A randomized clinical study.
AB  - Myocardial preservation was assessed in 72 patients undergoing extensive
      myocardial revascularization. The patients were allocated at random to three
      surgical techniques: Group 1, intermittent aortic cross-clamping at 32 degrees C;
      Group 2, intermittent aortic cross-clamping at 25 degrees C; and Group 3, St.
      Thomas' Hospital cardioplegia. As intraoperative markers of ischemic damage,
      adenosine triphosphate, creatine phosphate, and glycogen contents were determined
      in transmural left ventricular biopsy specimens taken at the beginning and at the
      end of cardiopulmonary bypass. Ultrastructure was studied in a similar pair of
      biopsy specimens. Release of myocardium-specific creatine kinase isoenzyme was
      determined intraoperatively and postoperatively. Functional recovery was assessed
      before and after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. The incidence of low
      cardiac output, myocardial infarction, and rhythm disturbances was compared
      between groups. Finally, actuarial survival and event-free curves were studied
      after 18 months' follow-up. The results show a better preservation of high-energy
      phosphates, glycogen, and ultrastructure in the cardioplegia group as compared to
      the two cross-clamp groups. However, severe myocardial damage was never observed.
      Release of MB creatine kinase isoenzyme was the same in all three groups.
      Functional recovery of the hearts immediately after cessation of cardiopulmonary
      bypass was better in the cardioplegia group, but the incidence of rhythm
      disturbances (atrioventricular conduction problems) was higher in the
      cardioplegia group than in the other two groups (p less than 0.05). Clinical
      outcome in terms of incidence of perioperative infarction, survival, and event
      free follow-up was not different between groups. It is concluded that both
      techniques (aortic cross-clamping at 32 degrees C or 25 degrees C and St. Thomas'
      Hospital cardioplegia) offer good myocardial protection in extensive aorta
      coronary bypass operations. St. Thomas' cardioplegia, however, in contrast to
      intermittent aortic cross-clamping, prevents the onset of ischemia-induced
      deterioration of cardiac metabolism, i.e., destruction of the adenine nucleotide
      pool.

PMID- 6379306
TI  - Evaluation of suture techniques for mitral valve replacement.
AB  - Although periprosthetic leak is presently uncommon after mitral valve
      replacement, suture line disruption still occurs and may be significant in some
      patients. Suture technique is obviously an important factor in preventing
      disruption, but few authors have examined this variable. The purpose of this
      study was to determine which of four suture methods for mitral valve replacement
      maximized prosthetic stability in the mitral anulus. Horizontal mattress sutures
      with subannular pledgets, horizontal mattress sutures with supra-annular
      pledgets, figure-of-eight sutures, and interrupted simple sutures were compared.
      A Carpentier-Edwards sewing ring was sutured to the mitral anulus of intact
      canine left ventricles, each technique randomly assigned to eight hearts. Suture
      size, number of bites, and annular depth were maintained constant in all groups.
      Progressively increasing force was applied across the suture line until
      disruption occurred. The yield force at initial suture disruption was measured by
      a semiconductor strain-gauge transducer and defined the experimental end point.
      Subannular pledget-supported sutures required the greatest force (38.4 +/- 0.8 N)
      to produce prosthetic dehiscence and were significantly more secure than supra
      annular pledgets (32.7 +/- 0.5 N). The two suture techniques in which pledgets
      were used were better than the nonsupported sutures, the mean yield force
      averaging 28.3 +/- 0.3 N for figure-of-eight and 21.3 +/- 0.7 N for interrupted
      simple sutures. Although clinical techniques may vary with prosthetic valve
      design, surgical preference, or pathological anatomy, this study suggests that
      horizontal mattress sutures with subannular pledgets provide the best prosthetic
      valve stability during mitral valve replacement.

PMID- 6379307
TI  - Improvement of cardiac preservation by preoperative high insulin supply.
AB  - Therapeutic administration of high doses of insulin achieves a shifting of
      metabolism to glycogenesis and glycolysis. The result is an accumulation of the
      myocardial glycogen stores and an improvement of glucose utilization as well. If
      on that basis an increased anaerobic provision of adenosine triphosphate will be
      maintained in the myocardium during ischemia, the myocardial cell viability
      during aortic cross-clamping will be saved as well. Thus a preventive insulin
      supply will preserve the heart from ischemic damage. Twenty patients undergoing
      mitral valve replacement were investigated in two randomized groups. One group
      received insulin (1 U/kg/hr) together with a 33% glucose infusion (0.5 gm/kg/h)
      and potassium (0.25 mEq/kg/hr) from the onset of anesthesia until aortic cross
      clamping. The control group received Ringer's lactate at the same infusion rate.
      After an average ischemic time of 26 minutes, an excised papillary muscle tip was
      immediately plunged into liquid nitrogen and the content of adenosine
      triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and creatine phosphate was determined. The
      adenosine triphosphate/diphosphate quotient and the energy charge potential were
      calculated. The mean adenosine triphosphate content in the insulin group was 7.43
      mumol/gm wet weight and was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher than that of
      the control group (4.28 mumol/gm). The mean ADP content was 1.43 mumol/gm in the
      insulin group versus 1.81 mumol/gm in the control group. The mean creatine
      phosphate content was again significantly (p less than 0.05) higher in the
      insulin group (6.70 mumol/gm) than in the control group (5.30 mumol/gm). Also,
      the mean adenosine triphosphate/diphosphate quotient (insulin group, 5.19;
      control group, 2.36) and the mean energy charge potential (insulin group, 0.919;
      control group, 0.851) were significantly (p less than 0.01) higher in the insulin
      group. It is concluded that the preventive application of high doses of insulin
      leads to an augmented myocardial adenosine triphosphate provision and a
      maintained cellular energy charge during coronary ischemia. As a result, ischemic
      tolerance is enhanced and myocardial protection is improved.

PMID- 6379308
TI  - Impact of treatment efficacy on the prognostic value of glucocorticoid receptor
      levels in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels were quantitated in leukemic blasts from bone
      marrow aspirates of 249 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who were
      entered on two St. Jude Total Therapy Studies. Of these, 235 were evaluable for
      analysis of the relation of GR levels to clinical outcome. For the 42 patients in
      the earlier Total Therapy Study IX, lower GR levels (less than 16,000 sites/cell)
      were associated with both induction failure and more frequent relapse (p less
      than 0.01) [Cancer Research, Vol. 42, p. 4801 (1982)]. When patients with 'high
      risk' features (leukocyte count greater than 100 X 10(3)/mm3, positive
      erythrocyte rosette test, central nervous system involvement, and mediastinal
      mass) were excluded, lower receptor levels were still associated with early and
      more frequent relapse (p less than 0.02). The other 193 evaluable patients were
      consecutively admitted to Total Therapy Study X, in which patients with 'standard
      risk' or 'high-risk' features were assigned to separate protocols--XS and XH,
      respectively. Induction chemotherapy in both protocols consisted of prednisone,
      vincristine and L-asparaginase; patients in the XH protocol received additional
      epipodophyllotoxin (VM-26) and cytosine arabinoside twice a week for 2 weeks
      preceding the conventional induction therapy. To compare the prognostic value of
      GR level in Study X with that of Study IX (which included both 'high-risk' and
      'standard-risk' patients but did not separate them into different protocol
      groups), children in the XH and XS protocols were analysed together. The
      proportion of patients with 'standard-risk' features was the same in the two
      studies: 69% in Study IX and 73% in Study X. In Study X, which had a
      significantly better treatment result (p less than 0.001), lower receptor levels
      were not associated with induction failure, but were correlated with more
      frequent relapse (p less than 0.05). When patients in XH and XS protocols were
      analysed separately, however, receptor levels were no longer related to treatment
      outcome. Thus, GR level in childhood ALL has prognostic value, but it is not an
      independent factor and its importance is related to the efficacy of treatment.

PMID- 6379309
TI  - Cytochemical distribution of dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV (DAP IV; EC-3.4.14.5) in
      T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia characterized with monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - In human blood and bone marrow, dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV (DAP IV; EC 3.4.14.5)
      selectively occurs in T lymphocytes bearing Fc receptors for IgM. In the present
      study 35 cases of lymphoblastic lymphoma and leukemia were analysed for the
      specificity, incidence and reaction pattern of DAP IV. On the basis of
      immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies and enzyme cytochemical
      staining for acid phosphatase, 12 cases were classified as B-type neoplasms. In
      23 cases T-cell properties were expressed to different extents, apparently
      reflecting different categories of maturation. Whereas B-cell lymphomas were
      invariably negative for DAP IV, seven of the 23 T-lymphoblastic
      lymphomas/leukemias showed this enzyme. Thus DAP IV is a highly specific marker
      for a distinct T-cell subpopulation, apparently irrespective of the stage of
      differentiation.

PMID- 6379310
TI  - Role of interleukin-2 in depressed T-cell mitogenesis after allogeneic marrow
      transplantation in man.
AB  - Proliferative responses of mononuclear cells in liquid cultures to
      phytohemagglutinin, a T-cell mitogen, are depressed for a long time after
      allogeneic marrow transplantation. We examined the role of interleukin-2, a
      lymphokine important in T-cell mitogenesis, in the impaired phytohemagglutinin
      responses early after marrow transplantation. We found that interleukin-2
      production, upon optimal stimulation, was impaired for mononuclear cells of most
      recipients early after marrow transplant. Further, we found that exogenous
      interleukin-2 did not restore depressed phytohemagglutinin responses of marrow
      transplant recipient mononuclear cells to normal. We hypothesize that early after
      allogeneic marrow transplant the helper T-cell pool is defective both in numbers,
      as shown by previous phenotypic studies, and in functional capabilities. There
      appear to be defects in both interleukin-2 production and interleukin-2
      responsiveness in this system early after marrow transplant.

PMID- 6379311
TI  - Demand-control of proliferative activity in the hemopoietic system of lethally
      irradiated mice during transfusion-induced regeneration.
AB  - The extent of cell proliferation in the hemopoietic system after bone marrow
      transfusion of fatally irradiated mice depends on the regeneration of
      proliferative capacity. This may be modified by the demand for differentiated
      cells in the peripheral blood. This demand was suppressed by induction of
      transfusion plethora prior to 800 rad whole body irradiation and bone marrow
      transfusion. Controls were non-plethoric recipients. For 6 days the following
      parameters were measured: hemopoietic proliferation by the 125-iodo-deoxyuridine
      (125-IUdR) incorporation technique, CFU-S content and spleen colony histology.
      There are three general observations from spleen and marrow with respect to 125
      IUdR uptake in plethoric mice: (1) initial higher 125-IUdR uptake, (2) reduced
      rate of increase of 125-IUdR incorporation, (3) this rate of increasing 125-IUdR
      uptake in spleen was more depressed than in marrow. On day 6 cellularity and CFU
      S in spleen was below, and in marrow above that of the control. These data
      suggest that initially after fatal irradiation of control mice differentiation of
      transfused CFU-S predominates over proliferation. Later as the mice become anemic
      and erythropoietin is produced the stimulation to proliferate is greater in the
      control than in the plethoric mice in which erythrocytic proliferation is
      suppressed. These data suggest that there are multiple feedback loops that
      regulate regeneration in the spleen and the bone marrow. These differences may be
      connected with the microenvironment that preferentially initiates erythropoiesis
      in the spleen before the marrow and granulopoiesis in the marrow before the
      spleen.

PMID- 6379312
TI  - The role of prothymocytes in radiation-induced leukemogenesis in C57BL/Rij mice.
AB  - Following transplantation of bone marrow into recipient mice subjected to
      irradiation with four weekly fractions of 1.8 Gy, donor progenitor cells were
      found to compete with host elements for colonization of the thymus. The capacity
      for thymus repopulation of bone marrow cells from 4 X 1.8 Gy irradiated mice is
      decreased to a similar low level as that of regenerating bone marrow derived from
      lethally irradiated mice reconstituted with isogeneic marrow. It was calculated
      that the prothymocyte content of both types of regenerating marrow was less than
      0.1% of that of normal marrow. Long-term cultures of C57BL bone marrow were found
      to contain the same numbers of prothymocytes per CFU-S as normal bone marrow, in
      contrast to cultured marrow from (C3H X AKR)F1 mice, that shows a striking
      decrease of prothymocytes. Normal bone marrow cells and long-term cultured bone
      marrow cells of C57BL mice were about equally effective on the basis of numbers
      of CFU-S injected in protecting 4 X 1.8 Gy irradiated syngeneic recipients from
      developing thymic lymphomas, while regenerating bone marrow was virtually
      nonprotective. These data are interpreted as supporting the notion that
      prothymocytes from the bone marrow play a crucial role in the prevention of
      radiation-induced thymic lymphomas.

PMID- 6379313
TI  - A method for rostrocaudal integration of morphometric information from
      transmitter-identified cell groups. A morphometrical identification and
      description of 5-HT cell groups in the medulla oblongata of the rat.
AB  - A method has been developed to integrate rostrocaudal information from
      morphometrically characterized 5-HT nerve cell groups visualized by means of the
      indirect immunofluorescence technique in single coronal sections of the
      neuroaxis. The present method has been applied to the 5-HT positive cells of the
      medulla oblongata of the rat. 5-HT cell body and cell group parameters were
      measured by the use of a semiautomatic image analyzer (Kontron, MOP AMO 2)
      plugged into an Apple II computer. The density distribution of 5-HT positive
      cells was also studied by dividing the area analyzed into unitary squares (about
      120 X 120 micron) and then by considering the number of 5-HT cells falling in
      each of these squares. The existence of a 5-HT cell group was determined by
      testing the randomness of the 5-HT profiles per unitary square. The entire
      population of 5-HT positive cells as well as the 5-HT cell groups were described
      in terms of gravity center coordinates, mean maximal diameter and homogeneity
      index. A rostrocaudal representation of the gravity centers and of the dispersion
      of the 5-HT nerve cell groups around them provided an exact three-dimensional
      description of the respective locations of the 5-HT cell groups within the
      medulla oblongata. These methods can be applied to all types of transmitter
      identified cell groups and at any level of the neuroaxis.

PMID- 6379314
TI  - A technique for recording from single neurons in the spinal cord of the awake
      cat.
AB  - A means of recording activity from single neurons in the spinal cord of the awake
      cat over periods of several weeks is described. The method combines elements of
      the chronically implanted well technique used in recording from supraspinal
      structures, with a novel method for reversibly stabilizing the vertebral column
      in a detachable 'outrigger' device. Between recording sessions, the animal is
      therefore freely mobile, its vertebral column again flexible. This preparation
      allows exploration of 1 cm2 of the spinal cord to all depths, and single neurons
      can be held for periods of 30 min to 2 h. The activity of primary afferents,
      intraspinal interneurons and motoneurons can be identified and their responses
      quantified during limb movement by combining ancillary techniques with the
      stabilization method.

PMID- 6379315
TI  - Development of remotely controlled implantable devices for programmed insulin
      infusion.
AB  - Broadbased clinical research during recent years has shown that programme
      controlled insulin infusion with externally portable devices is an excellent
      means for improving glucose control of labile diabetics. On the basis of this
      experience we concentrated on the development of implantable units, which would
      allow the potentialities of the method to become available for long-term therapy.
      Implantable devices have to be small, lightweight, long-lived, biocompatible,
      reliable, safe and externally controllable if they are to be used in humans. We
      have developed such a device with a volume of 94 cm3, a weight of 180 g and a
      refillable insulin reservoir of 10 ml. Using an insulin concentration of 100
      units per ml, the reservoir has to be refilled through the skin about every three
      weeks. Energy is provided for more than one year by a lithium battery. Insulin
      infusion is controlled by a roller pump driven by a stepping motor. Twelve
      different basal rates and 12 different prandial doses can be programmed by an
      external programmer. One hour after programming, the high prandial infusion rates
      return automatically to the basal rate. The telecontrol system includes circuits
      for acknowledgement of programme transmission, monitoring of the stepping
      frequency and checking of the catheter pressure. Emphasis has been placed on
      making the implant safe against overdosing. All the components including the
      insulin reservoir are encapsulated in a titanium housing. In this way, the whole
      insulin tract is well protected against damage, and even in the case of a leak no
      insulin could be released into the body because an underpressure is maintained in
      the interior of the titanium capsule. Overdosing due to electronic defects is
      prevented with additional safety circuitry, the function of which can be checked
      at any time, even after implantation. Research prototypes of the devices have
      been tested widely in dogs and have been implanted in humans recently.

PMID- 6379316
TI  - Therapeutic plasmapheresis; present state and future aspects.

PMID- 6379317
TI  - Lymphokine-producing human T-cell hybridomas.

PMID- 6379318
TI  - The MAF dilemma.

PMID- 6379319
TI  - Methenamine mandelate with acidification: an effective urinary antiseptic in
      patients with neurogenic bladder.
AB  - We studied the effectiveness of methenamine mandelate in preventing urinary tract
      infection in patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction who were in a program
      of intermittent catheterization and bladder retraining. Nine of 17 patients (53%)
      became infected while receiving the drug, whereas 19 of 22 patients (86%) in a
      placebo group became infected during the trial. The difference in infection rates
      was statistically significant (P less than 0.02) and resulted primarily from the
      absence of gram-positive cocci and Pseudomonas species in the drug group.

PMID- 6379320
TI  - Cataracts and cataract operations (1).
AB  - Cataract operations are commonly performed in either a primary-care or a tertiary
      care center. A plethora of information (some of which is unfounded) has been
      disseminated in the lay news media about the advances in the surgical techniques
      of cataract removal. This article reviews some of the recent concepts about the
      formation of cataracts and the modern approaches for their extraction. It is
      directed at the nonophthalmologic primary-care physician who refers patients for
      evaluation or performs the ancillary tests in preparation for a cataract
      operation. Space limitations prevent a complete review of the subject. Some of
      the controversial aspects of cataract surgical procedures are addressed
      objectively, but bias is unavoidable.

PMID- 6379321
TI  - Therapeutic drug monitoring of cyclosporine.

PMID- 6379322
TI  - Manuscript notes of William Shippen, Jr., MD found in the Faculty Library.

PMID- 6379323
TI  - Fortieth anniversary of D-Day June 6, 1944, a physician remembers.

PMID- 6379324
TI  - Maryland physicians in World War II.

PMID- 6379325
TI  - The effects of in vitro ageing on the exopeptidases of human diploid fibroblasts.
AB  - Six exopeptidases present in human diploid fibroblasts were identified by
      separation on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and their activity profiles
      against 17 dipeptides, two tripeptides and L-leucine-p-nitroanilide determined.
      No differences in relative activity or in the electrophoretic patterns of any of
      the six exopeptidases were detected with ageing. Aminoacylarylamidase activity
      assayed spectrophotometrically showed significantly increased activity in the
      middle age-group cells as opposed to the enzyme isolated from young and old
      cells. Heat-inactivation studies using the same substrate suggested the
      possibility of an increased proportion of heat-labile enzyme in the old cells but
      interpretation of the data was difficult because of the complex nature of the
      inactivation curves obtained. Overall, the results tended to refute the
      hypothesis that age-related changes in the free amino acid pool of human diploid
      fibroblasts were associated with significant alterations in the activities of
      cellular exopeptidases.

PMID- 6379326
TI  - Mistranslation in bacteriophage-infected anucleate minicells of Escherichia coli:
      a test for error propagation.
AB  - The theory of error propagation proposes that errors occurring during expression
      of the genetic code lead to increased levels of error occurrence in successive
      generations. A model system for testing error propagation in bacteriophage T7
      infected anucleate minicells of Escherichia coli is described. Errors in
      translation were were stimulated by addition of gentamicin to phage infected
      minicells, and the error frequency based on the illegitimate incorporation of L
      [35S] cysteine into the T7 0.3 gene protein calculated to be on the order of 1
      error per 10 000 codons translated. Errors in the synthesis of T7 early gene
      products have also been detected as suppression of a UAG nonsense codon in gene 1
      of the T7 DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and as increased charge heterogeneity in
      the gene 1.3 product (DNA ligase). The question of error propagation has been
      addressed by infecting minicells with a mutant of T7 containing nonsense
      mutations in the early gene 1 and late gene 16. Results demonstrate that a T7 DNA
      dependent RNA polymerase containing misincorporated amino acids is unable, by
      mistranscription, to suppress a UAG nonsense codon located in the late T7 gene
      16.

PMID- 6379327
TI  - Human diploid fibroblasts with alterations in ribonucleotide reductase activity,
      deoxyribonucleotide pools and in vitro lifespan.
AB  - Three drug resistant human diploid fibroblast clones were isolated which
      contained elevated levels of ribonucleotide reductase activity when compared to
      wild type fibroblasts. The drug resistant cells do not appear to possess an
      enzyme with altered affinity for hydroxyurea. The increase in enzyme activity can
      entirely account for cellular drug resistance. In keeping with the observed
      changes in reductase activity in drug resistant fibroblasts, deoxyribonucleotide
      pools were also found to be altered. Most significantly, there was a 1.8-fold
      expansion of the dCTP pool size, suggesting that elevation in intracellular dCTP
      concentrations plays an important role in cellular resistance. Furthermore, the
      drug resistant fibroblasts exhibited substantial reductions in their replicative
      abilities, suggesting that the regulation of ribonucleotide reductase and the
      accompanying deoxyribonucleotide pools in human diploid cells is involved in
      aspects of cellular senescence.

PMID- 6379328
TI  - Astrocytes in smears of CNS tissues as visualized by GFA and vimentin
      immunofluorescence.
AB  - A technique is described using immunocytochemistry in which smears of fresh
      unfixed brain tissue combined with antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic
      protein (GFA) or vimentin is used to visualize astrocytes. In rats the amount of
      GFA-positive cells was much lower in cortex cerebri smears than in smears of
      other cortical regions such as the olfactory bulb, hippocampus and cerebellum. A
      few vimentin positive astrocytes were also seen in hippocampus and cortex cerebri
      smears. Smears of spinal cord white matter contained astrocytes with very long
      processes as visualized by GFA immunohistochemistry while grey matter astrocytes
      had somewhat shorter processes. Using either anti-GFA or anti-vimentin
      procedures, smears of neonatal rat brain showed immature star-shaped cell-like
      structures. In contrast, neonatal spinal cord smears contained typical
      spidershaped astrocytes equally well visualized with both antisera. Both GFA- and
      vimentin-positive astrocytes were visualized in smears of normal human brain
      tissue, though the number of vimentin-positive cell bodies was very low. To our
      knowledge, this is the first description of vimentin-positive astrocytes in
      normal human brain. For studies of astrocyte development and morphology the
      technique has several advantages. It allows inspection of separated individual
      cells without sectioning, and, since no tissue culture is performed there is no
      risk that the amounts and/or distribution of either GFA or vimentin will be
      changed. Thus the technique facilitates comparative studies of GFA- and vimentin
      positive astrocytes in different areas of the normal CNS as well as in different
      experimental and pathological conditions. We conclude that GFA and vimentin
      immunocytochemistry of CNS smears is a rapid and useful method of visualizing
      individual astrocytes in animals and man.

PMID- 6379329
TI  - Avidin, a high affinity biotin-binding protein, as a tool and subject of
      biological research.

PMID- 6379330
TI  - Software QRS detection in ambulatory monitoring--a review.

PMID- 6379331
TI  - Interpretation of circulatory shunt-dilution curves as bimodal distribution
      functions.

PMID- 6379332
TI  - [Efficacy of the administration of intraperitoneal insulin in diabetic patients
      undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis].

PMID- 6379333
TI  - [Escherichia coli suprarenal abscess].

PMID- 6379334
TI  - [Mesenteric lymphadenitis caused by Salmonella enteritidis].

PMID- 6379335
TI  - [Diagnosis of human hydatidosis. Our experience with 5 immunological methods].

PMID- 6379336
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of recurrent venous thromboembolism.
AB  - The diagnosis of recurrent venous thromboembolism includes an evaluation of the
      patient for inherited or acquired disorders, associated with an increased risk of
      thromboembolism. Treatment depends, in part, on the underlying disease and, in
      part, on an adequate understanding of the principles of anticoagulant therapy.

PMID- 6379337
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation. Problems and prospects.
AB  - Over the last 15 years, human bone marrow transplantation has evolved from
      experimental therapy of last resort for patients with end-stage leukemia and
      marrow aplasia. The increasing success and use of marrow transplants has stemmed
      from important advances made in (1) the understanding and definition of the major
      histocompatibility complex in man, (2) the development of safe yet efficacious
      immunosuppressive and myeloablative preconditioning regimens, and (3) the
      development of techniques of intensive supportive care for these patients during
      their intra- and post-transplant course.

PMID- 6379338
TI  - Adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Chemotherapy of adults with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia has improved in recent
      years, yielding complete remissions in 65 per cent and cure in 10 to 15 per cent
      of all treated patients. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation cures
      approximately one half of eligible young patients who gain an initial remission
      with chemotherapy. Autologous bone marrow transplantation may ultimately prove to
      be of value for the large numbers of patients who are over 40 years of age or who
      lack histocompatible siblings. Current investigative approaches in all these
      areas, based on insights into the pathophysiology of disease discussed in this
      article, should enhance the outcome for affected patients in the next decade.

PMID- 6379339
TI  - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - This article reviews, for the internist, recent advances in our understanding of
      the immunology and clinical characteristics of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
      (CLL). The method of treatment based on clinical staging of CLL and as practiced
      in the authors' clinic is detailed. It also provides an outline of possible
      investigation and therapy that may be expected in the coming years.

PMID- 6379340
TI  - Multiple myeloma.
AB  - Multiple myeloma is a malignant neoplasm of plasma cells involving bone and bone
      marrow, frequently leading to extensive skeletal destruction, bone marrow
      failure, renal dysfunction, and problems related to the monoclonal myeloma
      proteins. Vigilant supportive care and effective chemotherapy can prolong
      survival and improve the quality of life in most patients.

PMID- 6379341
TI  - Dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR), its cofactors, and its mode of action.

PMID- 6379343
TI  - Study on the anti-hypoxic effect of cinnarizine and its interaction with
      prostacyclin.
AB  - The anti-hypoxic effect of cinnarizine was studied using the following
      experimental methods: hypobaric and anoxic hypoxia in mice, complete ischemia by
      decapitation in mice and hemic hypoxia in rats. Papaverine, xanthinol nicotinate
      and naftidrofuryl were used as reference drugs. In hypobaric and anoxic hypoxia
      the interaction of cinnarizine with the effect of prostacyclin (PGI2) was
      investigated. Cinnarizine showed an anti-hypoxic effect in all the methods used.
      It was more effective in hypobaric and anoxic hypoxia, in incomplete ischemia by
      decapitation, and less effective in hemic hypoxia. Cinnarizine potentiated the
      effect of PGI2 shifting the anti-hypoxic dose-response curve of PGI2 to the left.
      Suggestions as to the possible mechanism of anti-hypoxic action of cinnarizine
      are made.

PMID- 6379342
TI  - Selective inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A and B: biochemical, pharmacological,
      and clinical properties.

PMID- 6379344
TI  - Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of pathogenic Escherichia coli using non
      standard conditions.
AB  - Results of non-standardized disc agar diffusion and broth microdilution
      antimicrobial susceptibility tests on blood culture isolates of Escherichia coli
      were compared with those of standardized tests. Test incubation at 40 degrees C,
      versus 35 degrees C, did not significantly affect results for either method.
      However, anaerobic incubation significantly altered results for several
      antimicrobials in both testing methods. The implications of these alterations
      will be discussed in the text.

PMID- 6379345
TI  - Therapeutic efficacy and tolerance of diclofensine in psychoreactive depression-
      a double-blind comparison with placebo.
AB  - Diclofensine increases the availability of the three neurotransmitters dopamine,
      noradrenaline and serotonin by inhibiting their re-uptake into synaptosomes. In a
      randomized double-blind parallel-group comparative study, a total of 40 patients,
      some hospitalized (n = 11) and some ambulatory (n = 29), mean age of 39.6 years
      +/- 12 S.D., with psychoreactive depression were treated for 30 days with 2 X 25
      mg/day of diclofensine or with placebo. The assessments of efficacy indicated
      superiority of diclofensine over placebo. The number of "improved" patients
      (reduction in the overall depression scores by 50% or better) relative to that of
      "not improved" patients, was found to be statistically significant (p less than
      0.025) on day 10 of treatment. With respect to individual symptoms, anxiety
      showed a significantly (p less than 0.05) better improvement under diclofensine
      than under placebo. Side effects were observed in one patient in each group. One
      patient (diclofensine group) reported a transient slight somnolence, the other
      (placebo group) reported episodes of transient dizziness. Based on these data it
      can be concluded that diclofensine is a well tolerated and effective drug for the
      treatment of symptoms associated with reactive depressions.

PMID- 6379346
TI  - Cardiac actions of adenosine.

PMID- 6379347
TI  - Clinical assessment of sympathetic function in man.
AB  - Investigations are reviewed which are suitable for use in clinical situations in
      which lesions of the sympathetic nervous system are suspected. Particular
      attention is given to the problems of cardiovascular regulation as orthostatic
      hypotension is one of the commoner manifestations of sympathetic failure. Tests
      of the autonomic innervation of the eyes are also discussed. Tests of
      parasympathetic function are briefly described, as both parts of the autonomic
      nervous system may be affected by the same disease process.

PMID- 6379348
TI  - Clinical pharmacology of calcium antagonists.

PMID- 6379349
TI  - Transsphenoidal approach to the sella: the Johns Hopkins experience.
AB  - The transsphenoidal hypophysectomy has become a relatively frequent procedure in
      recent years, with the otolaryngologist playing a major role in its renewed
      popularity. This paper reviews the evolution of pituitary surgery, discusses the
      surgical technique currently used, and reviews the results and complications of
      114 cases over a 13-year period. Of the 129 procedures performed at Johns Hopkins
      Hospital between 1970 and 1983, 114 charts were available for review. Twelve of
      these were palliative hypophysectomies and 102 were for sella tumors. Sixty-eight
      patients were treated with surgery alone, and 34 received surgery and
      postoperative irradiation. Significant complications such as CSF rhinorrhea,
      diabetes insipidus, meningitis, septal perforation, anosmia, and visual field
      defects are discussed. The mortality rate for the series was 1.7%. These results
      are compared with those of previously published series and the differences are
      discussed in detail. In analyzing these data we feel that the transseptal,
      transsphenoidal hypophysectomy has become a safe and effective therapy for sella
      lesions.

PMID- 6379350
TI  - Nonbacterial inflammation as a means of enhancing skin flap survival.
AB  - Painting the skin of the dorsum of a rat with croton oil improved the survival
      length of caudally based skin flaps. No vasodilation was demonstrated in the
      deeper layers of skin treated with croton oil. The mechanism by which the
      application of croton oil leads to improvement of the skin flap survival is
      thought to be the nonbacterial inflammation produced by the croton oil (a
      chemical burn). This inflammatory effect probably acts upon the microcirculation
      via arachidonic acid metabolite mediators.

PMID- 6379351
TI  - Use of full thickness skin grafts in canalplasty.
AB  - Split thickness skin grafts have uniformly been used in the past as the tissue of
      choice to line the external auditory canal during canalplasty. The success rate
      of STSG has been reported to be approximately 95%. From our experience with
      institutionalized patients and their special problems, we have observed that STSG
      appears to have a greater degree of postoperative contracture, exposing
      epithelialized bone which has less resistance to trauma than the normal tissue of
      the EAC. With this in mind, a full thickness skin graft was utilized to line the
      EAC in conjunction with canalplasty. The use of FTSG in the institutionalized
      mentally retarded patient has shown no evidence of restenosis or recurrent
      infection, and we feel it is the treatment of choice in this type of patient and
      should be considered in the occasional patient who fails a split thickness skin
      graft canalplasty. Longer term follow-up is required to determine whether FTSG
      should supplant STSG as the tissue of choice in canalplasty.

PMID- 6379352
TI  - The effect of cortisone on Mycobacterium leprae-infected mice.

PMID- 6379353
TI  - Dapsone-resistant leprosy.

PMID- 6379354
TI  - Somatomedins (insulin-like growth factors), but not growth hormone, are mitogenic
      for chicken heart mesenchymal cells and act synergistically with epidermal growth
      factor and brain fibroblast growth factor.
AB  - Chicken, ovine or human growth hormones have no mitogenic effect on chicken heart
      mesenchymal cells, which are proliferatively quiescent at low culture densities
      in medium containing heparinized, heat-defibrinogenated rooster plasma at 10%. Sm
      C/IGF-I (15 ng/ml; 2 nM), MSA/rIGF-II (50 ng/ml; 7 nM), insulin (10,000 ng/ml;
      1750 nM) or proinsulin (16,000 ng/ml; 1750 nM), however, cause these cells to
      increase threefold in number during four days of incubation. While EGF alone at
      100 ng/ml causes threefold multiplication at four days and brain FGF causes a
      sixfold increase, EGF acts synergistically with Sm-C/IGF-I, MSA/rIGF-II, insulin
      or proinsulin to cause 18-fold multiplication, and brain FGF acts synergistically
      with IGFs to cause 20-fold multiplication. EGF and brain FGF, however, show no
      mitogenic synergy. Addition to the plasma-containing culture medium of a
      monoclonal antibody to Sm-C/IGF-I nearly abolishes the mitogenic effect of added
      EGF or brain FGF but does not affect the autonomous (mitogenic hormone
      independent) proliferation of RSV-infected chicken heart mesenchymal cells. These
      findings support the somatomedin hypothesis for growth hormone action and suggest
      that potentiation of the activity of other mitogenic hormones, like EGF and FGF,
      makes a significant contribution to control of cell proliferation by the GH/IGF
      axis.

PMID- 6379355
TI  - Metabolism of amino acids, protein and glucose in fat pads of traumatized rats.
AB  - Soft tissue injury to one hindlimb of rats was used to test the response to
      trauma of metabolism in epididymal fat pads. Degradation of [1-14)C]leucine was
      lower on day 2 after injury, but not on days 1 or 3, whether or not glucose or
      insulin were provided. Although trauma did not affect the basal rate of release
      of 14CO2, lactate or pyruvate from fat pads incubated with [U-14C] glucose, the
      stimulation by insulin of these processes was smaller in fat pads of 2 day
      traumatized than of normal animals. These results suggest that trauma due to
      injury may decrease the capacity for utilization of leucine and glucose by
      adipose tissue. Release of alanine, glutamine and glutamate by fat pads incubated
      with leucine was also lower on day 2. This decreased efflux could not be
      accounted for by changes in net protein breakdown or in pyruvate availability and
      probably reflected their reduced de novo synthesis due to the diminished release
      of nitrogen from leucine.

PMID- 6379356
TI  - A comparison of the antimuscarinic effects of pirenzepine and N-methylatropine on
      ganglionic and vascular muscarinic receptors in the rat.
AB  - The antimuscarinic properties of pirenzepine and N-methylatropine were evaluated
      in two intact preparations by measuring A) the inhibition of increase in mean
      arterial pressure evoked by McN-A-343 in pithed rats through activation of
      ganglionic muscarinic receptors and B) the inhibition of fall in arterial
      pressure evoked by methacholine in anaesthetized rats through activation of
      vascular muscarinic receptors. To characterize the antimuscarinic potencies of
      pirenzepine and N-methylatropine, for both antagonists doses were calculated that
      produce a 10-fold shift to the right of the dose-response curves for A) the
      pressor response to McN-A-343 (i.v. administration) in pithed rats (D10-p.r.) and
      B) for the depressor effect to methacholine (i.v. administration) in
      anaesthetized rats (D10-an.r.), respectively. Whereas N-methylatropine was
      virtually equieffective in blocking both muscarinic responses (D10-an.r./D10-p.r.
      approximately equal to 1), pirenzepine, however, was considerably more potent at
      ganglionic than at vascular muscarinic receptors (D10-an.r./D10-p.r.
      approximately equal to 16). These data confirm the existence of excitatory
      ganglionic muscarinic receptors with high affinity for pirenzepine (M1) and
      provide evidence for the presence of M2 receptors - receptors which show a low
      sensitivity to pirenzepine - on vascular smooth muscle cells. To further
      characterize the anticholinergic properties of pirenzepine, its effect on the
      pressor response to DMPP, a nicotinic ganglionic stimulant, was investigated in
      pithed rats. A high dose of pirenzepine (1.13 mumol/kg), given i.v., did not
      affect nicotinic ganglionic transmission.

PMID- 6379357
TI  - Anabolic-androgenic steroid treatment of liver diseases.

PMID- 6379359
TI  - Serum ferritin estimation: comparative studies of a new non-isotopic kit.

PMID- 6379358
TI  - Oral epithelial cell kinetics: evaluation of an in vitro method of study.

PMID- 6379360
TI  - Detection of heat-labile enterotoxins of Escherichia coli using the Biken test.

PMID- 6379361
TI  - Effects of mycoplasma contamination on the intra-cellular free amino acid pool
      and exopeptidases of cultured human diploid fibroblasts.

PMID- 6379362
TI  - [Clinical picture and pathogenesis of combined radiation injuries].

PMID- 6379363
TI  - [Clinical trial of a portable insulin dosage pump].
AB  - The wearable drug pump HDL-2M has been clinically tested. It is of small
      dimensions, high reliability and easy-to-use. By means of the unit insulin was
      administered to patients suffering from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. With
      the HDL-2M, the therapy of the diabetes has been shown to be more effective than
      the traditional hypodermic injections because it allows a rapid glycemia
      normalization with less insulin dosage, as a rule, and a considerable decrease in
      glycemia lability. The numerous tests demonstrate that the HDL-2M can be
      extensively and successfully used for therapy of insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus in clinical practice.

PMID- 6379364
TI  - [A seamless electrode for permanent electrical stimulation of the heart].

PMID- 6379365
TI  - [Origin and importance of particles causing microembolisms and the clinical
      effectiveness of using filters in artificial circulation apparatus].

PMID- 6379366
TI  - [Optimization of the decision-making guidelines for the diagnosis of
      cerebrovascular diseases].
AB  - The problem to optimize decision rules and the number of informative signs for
      the automated diagnosis of the cerebrovascular pathology is analysed. A double
      application of the algorithm to subdivide the set into clusters makes it possible
      to decrease the number of informative counts and to rearrange separate signs thus
      decreasing the dimensionality of the sum dividing subspace and improving a
      recognition quality for a newly designed classifier even though the number of
      classes being diagnosed increases.

PMID- 6379367
TI  - Lipid peroxides, prostacyclin, and thromboxane A2 in runners during acute
      exercise.
AB  - We studied the effect of physical activity on lipid peroxidation and on the
      production of antiaggregatory, vasodilatory prostacyclin (epoprostenol, PGI2) and
      its endogenous antagonist, thromboxane A2 (TxA2) in 10 well-trained long-distance
      runners before, during, and after maximal exercise on a cycle ergometer. Pre
      exercise levels of lipid peroxides (2.0 +/- 0.4 mumol X l-1, means +/- SD),
      plasma immunoreactive 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (i 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, a
      metabolite of PGI2) (192.8 +/- 51.7 pmol X l), and serum immunoreactive
      thromboxane B2 (i TxB2, a metabolite of TxA2) (703.3 +/- 290.1 nmol X l) did not
      differ from those of 10 non-athletic controls. Plasma i 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was
      increased at the seventh minute of the exercise test, but not any more at the end
      of the exercise or 30 min later. Lipid peroxides or i TxB2 did not change. Our
      data suggest that the changes of the PGI2/TxA2-ratio induced by long-term or
      acute physical exercise are too small to explain the protective effect of
      physical fitness against coronary heart disease.

PMID- 6379368
TI  - A microsurgical technique for simultaneous pancreas and renal transplantation in
      the rat.
AB  - A successful technique of simultaneous pancreatico-renal transplantation into the
      streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat is described employing a sutureless cuff
      technique for three of four vascular anastomoses. Reversal of the diabetic state
      was uniformly observed within 24 hours postoperatively and near-normal renal
      function was evidenced by 50 days postoperatively. The technique is reliable and
      reproducible and represents the first report of successful combined
      transplantation into the diabetic rat.

PMID- 6379369
TI  - The ring technique for end-to-side microvascular anastomosis.
AB  - The ring technique for end-to-side microvascular anastomosis employs a resorbable
      polyglycolic acid ring to prevent stenosis and spasm at the anastomotic site. In
      20 rats, the ring technique was compared with the conventional technique for
      constructing end-to-side anastomoses between the femoral (0.9-1.1 mm) and
      superficial epigastric (0.3-0.4 mm) arteries. The ring technique proved superior
      to the conventional end-to-side technique both in speed of execution and in
      patency at 3-4 weeks (100% vs 70%). Grossly and microscopically, the ring was
      completely resorbed at 3 wk.

PMID- 6379370
TI  - Continuous- and interrupted-suture technique in microsurgical end-to-end
      anastomosis.
AB  - Microsurgical end-to-end anastomosis of the carotid artery of the rat is
      discussed. The continuous-suture technique is found to be less time consuming
      than the interrupted-suture technique. Comparison of the flow rate of each
      anastomosis doesn't reveal a marked difference. Patency rate of each technique is
      100%.

PMID- 6379371
TI  - [Calomys callosus Rengger, 1830 (Rodentia-Cricetidae): its characterization,
      distribution, biology, breeding and management of a laboratory strain].

PMID- 6379372
TI  - [Direct immunofluorescence demonstration of yellow fever antigens in hepatic
      tissue pre-treated with trypsin].

PMID- 6379373
TI  - Dopaminergic suppression of angiotensin II-induced aldosterone secretion in man:
      differential responses during sodium loading and depletion.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that aldosterone secretion may be inhibited by
      dopaminergic mechanisms in man. Dopamine does not inhibit aldosterone responses
      to angiotensin II in sodium-replete normal subjects. Since sodium deficiency is
      associated with a reduction in renal dopamine formation, we investigated the
      effect of dopamine on angiotensin II-induced aldosterone secretion in the sodium
      depleted state. Six normal subjects in balance at 10 mEq sodium intake (UNaV 17
      +/- 2 meq/24 hr) received dopamine 4 micrograms/kg/min or vehicle for 210 minutes
      on two consecutive days. After 60 minutes of the dopamine or vehicle infusion,
      the subjects received successive 30-minute infusions of angiotensin II in
      increasing doses of 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 picomol/kg/min. Control plasma aldosterone
      concentrations before vehicle or dopamine were 15 +/- 3 (mean 1 +/- SE) and 25 +/
      3 ng/dL, respectively. Aldosterone responses to angiotensin II were greater with
      vehicle than dopamine at angiotensin II doses of 4 and 6 picomol/kg/min (P less
      than 0.025). The slope of angiotensin-aldosterone dose-response curve was steeper
      with vehicle (0.33) than with dopamine (0.16), P less than 0.01. Serum prolactin
      concentrations were lower with dopamine (1.6 +/- 0.8 ng/mL) than with vehicle
      (6.4 +/- 1.2 ng/mL, P less than 0.05) by 120 minutes of infusion and remained
      suppressed with dopamine for the remainder of the dopamine infusion. Diastolic
      blood pressure was higher (P less than 0.05) with vehicle than with dopamine at
      angiotensin II doses of 2, 4, and 6 picomol/kg/min. Dopamine administration was
      associated with an increase in plasma cortisol concentration from 90 to 150
      minutes of infusion (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6379374
TI  - The relationship between very-low-density lipoprotein lipid and measures of
      carbohydrate metabolism in children with different lipoprotein profiles: Bogalusa
      Heart Study.
AB  - The relationship of VLDL lipid (cholesterol and triglycerides) levels to fasting
      and postglucose plasma glucose, plasma glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid
      (FFA) levels were examined in four subgroups of children (n = 311, ages 6 to 18
      years) from a total biracial population whose earlier beta- or pre-beta
      lipoprotein cholesterol levels (or both) were in the extreme quintiles or
      quartiles. High beta-lipoprotein cholesterol strata with or without elevated pre
      beta-lipoprotein cholesterol showed significantly high levels of FFA and glucose
      response (mean, 30 and 60 minutes) to oral glucose load, whereas postglucose
      insulin responses were markedly higher in the high pre-beta-lipoprotein
      cholesterol strata. VLDL triglycerides related closely with fasting plasma
      glucose levels (r = 0.53 to 0.60, P less than 0.001) and to a lesser extent with
      postglucose plasma glucose response (r = 0.37 to 0.44, P less than 0.001) in all
      cases. For insulin and FFA, however, correlations were significant only in
      certain subgroups. Similar relationships were noted for VLDL cholesterol.
      Measurements relating to carbohydrate tolerance, age, and race accounted for 35%
      to 48% of the variability in VLDL lipid values. Surprisingly, fasting plasma
      glucose showed the highest partial regression coefficient for VLDL lipid in all
      subgroups except high pre-beta-lipoprotein cholesterol and low beta-lipoprotein
      cholesterol category, in which age was the major predictor variable. These
      results demonstrate that subtle abnormalities in the above-mentioned metabolic
      interrelationships are established early in life.

PMID- 6379375
TI  - In vitro insensitivity of glucose transport and antilipolysis to insulin due to
      receptor and postreceptor abnormalities in obese Pima Indians with normal glucose
      tolerance.
AB  - The in vitro sensitivities of glucose transport and antilipolysis to insulin and
      insulin binding were measured in adipocytes isolated from three groups of normal
      glycemic male Pima Indians--10 lean (11% to 22% body fat), 11 moderately obese
      (26% to 34% body fat), and 7 severely obese (37% to 40% body fat) subjects. Both
      a half-maximum concentration of insulin for the stimulation of glucose transport
      (ED50 [transport]) and a half-maximum concentration of insulin for the
      suppression of 25 nmol/L isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis (ED50
      [antilipolysis]) were significantly (P less than 0.05) greater in the moderately
      obese subjects than in the lean subjects as well as greater in the severely obese
      group than in the moderately obese group. Mono 125I-(Tyr A14)-insulin binding per
      cell in the presence of 25, 100, and 200 pm insulin was similar among lean,
      mildly obese, and severely obese subjects. 125I-insulin binding per cell surface
      area of adipocytes isolated from either moderately or severely obese Indians was
      significantly lower (P less than 0.005) than that of lean Indians. However, there
      was a similar insulin binding per cell surface area between mildly and severely
      obese subjects. These results indicate that diminished insulin binding per cell
      surface area may explain decreased sensitivity of transport and antilipolysis to
      insulin in moderately obese subjects relative to lean subjects. In contrast,
      these diminished sensitivities in the severely obese subjects relative to
      moderate obese subjects are not explained by a change in insulin binding and,
      therefore, are presumably induced by an abnormality of a postbinding step of
      insulin action.

PMID- 6379376
TI  - Production of proteolytic enzymes with special reference to fibrinolytic enzymes
      by fungi.

PMID- 6379377
TI  - Two different types of conjugation-prone recipients for an FII plasmid in
      populations of an E. coli O26 strain.
AB  - In populations of an E. coli O26 strain three types of cells can be found which
      show different degrees of recipient ability in conjugation for an FII plasmid. In
      this paper the characterization of the plasmid used, pSMB35, is described and the
      conjugation-proficient mutants, O26SMB9 and O26SMB11, are compared for some of
      their properties.

PMID- 6379378
TI  - Transport of basic aminoacids in E. coli.
AB  - Two transport systems for ornithine and one for arginine have been evidenced in
      E. coli KL16. The transport system for arginine is quite specific whereas the two
      for ornithine show a poor specificity. Citrulline and arginine non competitively
      inhibit ornithine transport. They show homotropic cooperativity and synergic
      inhibitory effect.

PMID- 6379379
TI  - Revascularization of skin transplanted into the brain: source of the graft
      endothelium.
AB  - Transplantation of tissues into the brain is becoming a feasible therapeutic
      approach to some neurological diseases. The fate of the graft vasculature is not
      well understood. The purpose of the present study was to determine the source of
      the endothelium in the revascularized skin grafts transplanted into the brain. We
      hypothesized that if the skin endothelium were replaced by brain endothelium then
      we should observe in the grafts the following: degenerating endothelium soon
      after grafting, regenerating endothelium subsequently, a time course for
      reestablishment of circulation that is consistent with the time required for
      vessel growth and invasion, and doubling of the vascular basement membrane a few
      weeks later. We found only a few degenerating endothelial cells soon after
      transplantation and no evidence of regenerating endothelium or of double layers
      of basement membrane even after prolonged survival. The vessels within mature
      grafts had morphological characteristics typical of normal skin vessels. We
      concluded that when tissue fragments are transplanted to the brain, native graft
      vessels survive and anastomose with host vessels.

PMID- 6379380
TI  - Citizens must decide how much appropriate for health care.

PMID- 6379381
TI  - Studies on the toxin of Aspergillus fumigatus. XVIII. Photooxidation of asp
      hemolysin in the presence of various dyes and its relation to the site of
      hemolytic activity.
AB  - The site of hemolytic activity of a toxin isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus
      designated Asp-hemolysin was determined by photooxidation techniques. The
      hemolytic activity of this toxin was strongly inhibited by photooxidation with
      methylene blue, rose bengal, riboflavin, or eosin G as a sensitizer, whereas
      crystal violet, hematoxylin, naphthol yellow S, bromothymol blue, methyl orange,
      and cresol red had no effect. pH dependence of the inactivation with methylene
      blue was observed in the narrow range of pH values from 7.0 to 8.0, like that of
      the inactivation with rose bengal or riboflavin. The histidine, cysteine,
      methionine, tryptophan, and tyrosine content of methylene blue-photooxidized Asp
      hemolysin was significantly decreased, while other amino acids were not affected.
      The hemolytic activity of the toxin was lost more slowly than the histidine
      residue, being maintained at about 50% even at the time when the histidine
      residue was completely lost after 30 min. Photooxidation of Asp-hemolysin in the
      presence of rose bengal also caused a decrease in histidine, methionine, and
      threonine content. These findings suggest that residues of cysteine, methionine,
      threonine, tryptophan, and/or tyrosine but not histidine may play an important
      role through stereostructure in the manifestation of the hemolytic activity of
      Asp-hemolysin.

PMID- 6379382
TI  - The appearance and characterization of cyanide-resistant respiration in the
      fungus Candida albicans.
AB  - The respiration of yeast-form cells of the dimorphic fungus Candida albicans
      became resistant to cyanide during aging treatment in the resting state. An
      alternative, cyanide-resistant respiratory pathway was found to develop fully in
      cells aged at a concentration of 0.75 X 10(9)/ml or more at 25 C, but did not
      appear at 5 C. Chloramphenicol did not prevent the appearance of the alternative
      respiratory pathway. The effects of inhibitors, salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) and
      disulfiram (tetraethylthiuram disulfide), on respiration of aged cells were
      examined, and results indicated that SHAM binds at a site on the alternative
      respiratory pathway whereas disulfiram binds at two sites, one on the
      conventional respiratory pathway and the other on the alternative pathway. Thus,
      SHAM is a more selective inhibitor of the alternative respiration of C. albicans
      cells. SHAM-titration of the alternative respiration revealed that less than 10%
      of the maximal activity of the alternative respiratory pathway was utilized under
      normal conditions, indicating that the alternative respiratory pathway makes a
      small contribution to the total respiration. It was therefore concluded that the
      alternative, cyanide-resistant respiratory pathway operates fully when the
      cyanide-sensitive, cytochrome pathway is blocked although aged cells possess both
      respiratory pathways.

PMID- 6379383
TI  - [Analysis of the changes in the electrophysical and morphometric parameters in
      the growth and sporulation periods of Bacillus thuringiensis].
AB  - Changes in the electrophysical and morphometrical parameters of Bacillus
      thuringiensis cells were studied during their growth and differentiation using
      the electrophysical procedure with the frequency of an alternating electric field
      varying within a wide range. The appearing variations were interpreted on the
      basis of the data about changes in the concentration of vegetative cells and
      spores, the optical density and pH of the cultural broth, and the assimilation of
      glucose by the culture. The changes found in the electrophysical and
      morphometrical parameters were shown to accompany the main physiological
      processes in the cells. In principle, they can be used to control the process of
      cultivation.

PMID- 6379384
TI  - [Selection of Streptomyces spheroides--a producer of extracellular proteases with
      fibrinolytic action].
AB  - The mutagenic action of UV on Streptomyces spheroides 35 spores produced mutants
      with an elevated biosynthesis of exocellular proteases having the fibrinolytic
      activity. During submerged cultivation, mutant M8-2 accumulated 4-5 times more
      fibrinolytic enzymes with a high thrombolytic activity in the cultural broth than
      the parent strain. The selection of mutants synthesizing proteases with a high
      fibrinolytic activity can be made more effective by using a medium which contains
      fibrin, a substrate specific for the enzymes, as a sole source of carbon and
      nitrogen. The diameters of zones of fibrin hydrolysis around the colonies on this
      medium are a reliable criterion in the selection of such mutants. The preparation
      of proteolytic enzymes isolated from the cultural broth of mutant M8-2 is 5.3 and
      3.9 times more active in fibrin and casein hydrolysis, respectively, than the
      preparation of the parent strain. Moreover, it has a high thrombolytic activity.

PMID- 6379387
TI  - [Localization of secreted ribonuclease in the cell walls of Aspergillus
      clavatus].
AB  - The indirect technique of fluorescent antibodies was used to detect exocellular
      ribonuclease of Aspergillus clavatus. The cell walls were shown to have regions
      responsible for the enzyme excretion.

PMID- 6379385
TI  - [Participation of the chemotactic system in regulating cell division in
      Escherichia coli].
AB  - The possible role of the chemotaxis system in regulating cell division of
      Escherichia coli was studied. Attractants increased the rate of division whereas
      repellents reduced it. Non-metabolisable attractants analogues were also
      effective in stimulating cell division. Fucose, a non-metabolisable analogue of
      galactose, increased the rate of division by 20-25%. Co2+ at concentrations which
      had no effect on the tar-mutant division suppressed the division of the wild
      type. Likewise, indole at concentrations which did not influence the division of
      the tsr-mutant, suppressed the division of the wild type.

PMID- 6379386
TI  - [Introduction of a radioactive label into Escherichia coli cells].
AB  - A labeled cell culture was obtained by treating Escherichia coli cells with
      diluted tritium in the presence of rhodium catalysts and by incubating them with
      sodium [14C]acetate. Most of the cells retained their ability for division. The
      rate of cell growth declined with increasing the molar radioactivity of sodium
      acetate.

PMID- 6379388
TI  - [The incidence of urinary tract infections and urinary lactate dehydrogenase
      levels in 50 pregnant women].
AB  - The incidence of urinary tract infections and, the levels of urinary lactic
      dehydrogenase using the kinetic method have been studied in the bladder urine
      obtained by urethral catheterization in 50 pregnant women. This incidence of UTI
      was 18 percent. The commonly isolated organism was E. coli. The mean total
      urinary LDH level in all cases was 21.48 +/- 2.70 mU/ml. The mean level of LDH5
      was 8.14 +/- 1.01 mU/ml in 23 pregnant cases studied. The total urinary LDH
      activity increased with the age of the pregnant and the number of pregnancies.
      There was no significant difference between infected and uninfected women in
      their total urinary LDH and urinary LDH5. No renal infection in this series could
      be determined as indicated by high levels of LDH5.

PMID- 6379389
TI  - [A strain of Salmonella enteritidis isolated from pleural pus].

PMID- 6379390
TI  - [The isolation and identification of microorganisms capable of using agricultural
      wastes resistant to enzymatic degradation].
AB  - Feather which is an agricultural waste and resistant to enzymatic degradation has
      been used as a substrate for microorganisms. Some microorganisms using this
      material have been isolated and identified. Total 13 microorganisms, the optimum
      growth temperature of which are 30 degrees C and 50 degrees C have been isolated.
      After colonial and microscopic examinations, it has been observed that 12 of
      these microorganisms are of the Bacillus genus. By means of further biochemical
      tests all Bacillus genera have been identified at species levels. It has been
      also observed that the keratinase activities of these Bacillus species are
      different.

PMID- 6379391
TI  - [Salmonella tester strain TA104 for the detection of mutagenic and carcinogenic
      chemicals in our environment].
AB  - We used the Salmonella mutagenicity test for detecting chemical carcinogens as
      mutagens in the Salmonella typhimurium tester strain TA104 . The mutagenicity of
      several compounds was assessed by induction of histidine revertants in the TA104
      . In each experiment we routinely included positive mutagenesis controls using
      three different concentrations of known mutagens. The mutagenic chemicals such as
      sodium azide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxylamine were found to be mutagenic to
      TA104 at very low concentration (10(-4) mg/ml). Their mutagenic activity
      decreased while their concentrations were increased. The effect of acridine
      orange, 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid, 2- phenylnaphthalene and 20-
      methylcholanthrene were also found to be mutagenic to TA104 at the concentration
      of 10(-2) mg/ml. The mutagenicity of other materials such as hair dyes, meat-
      broth preparations+ and cigarette smoke condensates were also tested, and all of
      them were found to be mutagenic to TA104 . The highest mutagenic activities were
      observed at the concentration of 10 mg/ml for two different hair dyes and of 1
      mg/ml for cigarette smoke condensates.

PMID- 6379392
TI  - Surfactant as a release agent opposing the adhesion of tumor cells in determining
      malignancy.
AB  - It is well established that adhesion of metastatic cells to the endothelium of
      the host organ is of major importance in initiating their arrest prior to
      invasion. However, wherever there is the potential for adhesion and subsequent
      disruption of normal physiological function in several other situations in vivo
      unrelated to cancer, the body provides a release agent in the form of surface
      active phospholipids. It is proposed here that these surfactants also oppose the
      inherent adhesiveness of circulating tumour cells, arrest depending upon the
      relative potencies of glue and anti-glue. Thus, malignancy is determined not just
      by the "stickiness" of the metastatic emboli but by a general deficiency of
      surfactant or one of the host in failing to provide an adequately adsorbed layer
      of this release agent repelling adhesion and overall "rooting" of the seed cells.
      Moreover, a difference in surface activity of the release agent(s) at different
      sites can provide an explanation for any differential affinity observed when
      comparing the detachment of a cell from a primary tumour with its attachment to
      the host or any difference in metastatic potential of the same cells in different
      organs.

PMID- 6379393
TI  - Cellular senescence and atherosclerosis.
AB  - Most recent texts on atherosclerosis do not consider cellular senescence. Texts
      that do take this up often emphasize smooth muscle cells. This paper presents
      some evidence for the role of cellular senescence in atherogenesis, and points
      out that the cells of the intimal endothelium may be equally important in this
      respect.

PMID- 6379394
TI  - Possible mechanisms of TSH--independent thyroid growth.
AB  - Considerable evidence has been accumulated which indicates the participation of
      the autonomic nervous system in the growth of adrenals, ovaries, testes and
      thyroid lobes. Results have been gathered indicating that the pituitary is not
      required for the growth of the thyroid, adrenals and ovaries; interest is
      currently focused on the involvement of the pineal gland in the control of growth
      not only of the gonads, but also of the thyroid. This paper summarizes the data
      currently available on the concepts of thyroid hypertrophic and hyperplastic
      mechanisms, which occur independently of thyrotropin (TSH), and which suggest the
      existence of a reciprocal relationship between the pineal and the thyroid.

PMID- 6379395
TI  - The viral mechanism of Reye's syndrome.
AB  - In the initial stages of Reye's Syndrome, following an influenza infection, the
      viral RNA polymerase activates liver host cell ornithine decarboxylase by
      combining with this enzyme. Once the reaction has occurred, ornithine
      decarboxylase is no longer available to combine with and to activate host cell
      RNA polymerase. The virally activated ornithine decarboxylase removes ornithine
      from participation in the urea cycle by metabolizing ornithine to putrescine
      which, in turn, is metabolized to spermidine. Once ornithine has been removed
      from participation in the urea cycle, mitochondrial carbamoyl phosphate levels
      increase until the carbamoyl phosphate passes from the mitochondria into the
      cytosol where it is metabolized by the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway.
      Through the implementation of this process, the virus has insured that: host cell
      RNA polymerase in liver cells is inactivated, viral RNA polymerase has complete
      access to newly synthesized pyrimidines, production of pyrimidines for the
      synthesis of viral messenger RNA is initiated, spermidine, a mRNA stabilizer is
      produced, many of the components necessary for viral mRNA synthesis are provided
      by the host cell's RNA synthesizing mechanism.

PMID- 6379396
TI  - Is cancer communicable?
AB  - Recent developments in cancer epidemiology have led to the possibility of an
      exceedingly complex communicable factor(s) in cancer etiology. The transmission
      of such an agent(s) may require a susceptible genotype and/or other promotional
      events. Likely candidates which support this supposition include: Epstein-Barr
      virus (nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, salivary gland tumor among
      Eskimos, X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome of Purtilo); human T-cell leukemia
      virus (adult T-cell leukemia); acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS),
      complicated by Kaposi's sarcoma (etiologic agent remains elusive, though
      epidemiology suggests possible infectious transmission); abnormal immune
      phenomena in households of Hodgkin's disease patients; and clustering of various
      types of cancer in spouses, the general population, and families. We have
      selectively reviewed the literature and evolved an etiologic hypothesis which
      integrates a communicable agent(s) in concert with genetic and/or environmental
      carcinogenic interaction which could conceivably explain a significant fraction
      of the total cancer burden.

PMID- 6379397
TI  - The early ECG in medical practice.
AB  - The technique of electrocardiography was not available to the medical
      practitioner until the string galvanometer was made small enough to be portable.

PMID- 6379398
TI  - The foreskin saga.

PMID- 6379400
TI  - Cefonicid sodium (Monocid).

PMID- 6379399
TI  - [Myocardial infarct in the young: current state of knowledge and considerations
      on the possibilities of work resumption].

PMID- 6379401
TI  - [Indirect immunofluorescence reaction in human trichinelliasis].

PMID- 6379402
TI  - [Malaria in southern Asia. 2. The age-related structure of malaria morbidity in
      India].

PMID- 6379404
TI  - [Ecological and epidemiological characteristics of alveolar hydatid disease foci
      in the Yakut ASSR (review of the literature)].

PMID- 6379403
TI  - [Toxoplasmosis: facts and conjectures. 2. The routes of circulation of the
      causative agent].

PMID- 6379405
TI  - [Nikolai Aleksandrovich Kholodkovskii (on the 125th anniversary of his birth)].

PMID- 6379406
TI  - Early renal brush border membrane adaptation to dietary phosphorus.
AB  - The present study evaluated uptake of phosphate by brush border membrane vesicles
      (BBMV) and alkaline phosphatase activities in brush border membrane fractions in
      rats fed a normal (0.6%) or low (0.03%) phosphorus diet for 24 h. After 2 min of
      incubation, the phosphate uptake by BBMV from rats ingesting normal and low
      phosphorus diets was 1,531 +/- 98 and 2,112 +/- 183 pmol/mg protein, respectively
      (p less than 0.025); peak glucose uptake was 226 +/- 17 and 209 +/- 42 pmol/mg
      protein, respectively. Vmax increased 74% in the 0.03% dietary phosphorus groups
      (p less than 0.005) while Km was similar between groups. Alkaline phosphatase
      activities were 824 +/- 48 and 816 +/- 56 nmol/min/mg protein with the respective
      diets. The earliest detectable increase in phosphate uptake by BBMV occurred
      within 4 h of dietary phosphorus deprivation while alkaline phosphatase increased
      3 days later. Renal adaptation to phosphate deprivation can occur within 4 h, is
      not due solely to a change in the filtered load of phosphate and occurs before
      increases in the specific activity of alkaline phosphatase.

PMID- 6379407
TI  - [Ultrastructural studies on the nature of the fibrous component of the dental
      pulp in an abutment tooth].

PMID- 6379408
TI  - [Use of radiculectomized teeth as prosthetic abutments. Comments on 40 cases].

PMID- 6379409
TI  - [Historical and educational function of the medical press].

PMID- 6379410
TI  - [Extravascular lung water content following thoracic vagotomy. Experimental
      investigations in relation to the cause of pulmonary complications after surgery
      for esophageal cancer].
AB  - In order to investigate the relationship between postoperative pulmonary
      complications after surgery for esophageal cancer and surgical injury to the
      thoracic vagus nerves, changes of the extravascular lung water volume (EVLW) were
      studied in 26 mongrel dogs. Two protocols of experiment were designed as follows.
      In Experiment I (18 dogs), EVLW was measured before and on successive three days
      after thoracic vagotomy or sham operation. In Experiment II (8 dogs), responses
      of EVLW to the volume load of saline were studied in previously vagotomized or
      sham-operated dogs. The measurement of EVLW was performed by thermal-green dye
      double indicator dilution method. The results obtained were as follows. Values of
      EVLW as measured by thermal-green dye double indicator dilution method were
      extremely well correlated with those determined by gravimetric method. After
      vagotomy, EVLW increased successively. Rate of the increase was greater in dogs
      with bilateral vagotomy than in those with unilateral vagotomy on the right side.
      Measurement of various hemodynamics and oncotic pressure revealed no differences
      between vagotomized and sham-operated dogs. These observations suggested that the
      increase of EVLW was due to enhanced permeability of the pulmonary capillary
      wall. The volume load of saline resulted in increase of EVLW in vagotomized dogs,
      while no changes were observed in sham-operated dogs. The results of the current
      investigations indicate that the injury to the vagus nerves during surgery for
      esophageal cancer may induce water retention in the lung, which may be one of the
      underlying mechanisms of postoperative pulmonary complications.

PMID- 6379411
TI  - [The pathogenesis of diabetes produced by subtotal pancreatectomy, with special
      reference to the cell kinetics of the islet cells].
AB  - The pathogenesis of the diabetes produced by the subtotal pancreatectomy was
      investigated from the pancreatic endocrine function and the cell kinetics of the
      islet cells. The authors prepared the following two groups in the rats. The first
      group was 90% pancreatectomized rats and the second group was the 60%
      pancreatectomized rats. Most of the 90% pancreatectomized rats developed diabetes
      twelve weeks after operation. In these diabetic rats the insulin secretion was
      undetectable during glucose infusion. To the contrary, the relative increase of
      the glucagon secretion was found during arginine infusion in spite of the
      hyperglycemia. However, non of the 60% pancreatectomized rats developed diabetes
      during post-operative course up to 6 months. To investigate the cell kinetics of
      the islet cells, the 3H-thymidine autoradiography was prepared at several
      intervals after operation. The results of the thymidine labelling index showed
      two phase of regeneration. The first phase was observed on three to seven days
      after pancreatectomy and the second phase was on fourteen to twenty-eight days.
      After the second phase of regeneration, the degeneration of the B-cells was
      observed in the 90% pancreatectomized rats. On the ninetieth days after operation
      the atrophy of the islets and the disturbance of the arrangement of A, B and D
      cells were observed by the immuno-histochemical studies. Meanwhile, the 60%
      pancreatectomized rats did not show degeneration of the islets. These results
      show that the onset of diabetes after subtotal pancreatectomy was produced by
      degeneration of the B cells surpassing their regenerative capacity.

PMID- 6379412
TI  - [Tubular dysfunction after open heart surgery].
AB  - beta 2-microglobulin (BMG) and conventional renal function parameters (creatinine
      clearance (C-cr) etc.) were measured in 36 adult patients before and after open
      heart surgery (Group-2). Same study was performed in 14 adult patients abdominal
      surgery (Group-1). Urinary BMG concentration (U-BMG) increased remarkably in both
      groups immediately after surgery. U-BMG returned to the preoperative level on the
      4th postoperative day (4-POD) in Group-1, and 7-POD in Group-2. The degree of
      increase in Group-2 was remarkable comparing with that in Group-1. The tubular
      dysfunction after surgery was believed to result in a marked rise in U-BMG,
      therefore, the later recovery and higher increase of U-BMG in Group-2 indicated
      that the tubular dysfunction after open heart surgery was severer comparing with
      that after abdominal surgery. On 7-POD, in Group-2, U-BMG was still abnormal in
      13 cases, which suggested the prolonged tubular dysfunction after open heart
      surgery. A retrospective study to determine the risk factors of prolonged tubular
      dysfunction was performed in 34 patients in Group-2. Significant risk factors
      were preoperative blood urea nitrogen and urine osmolarity. Several factors were
      not significant including perfusion time, aortic alamp time, preoperative C-cr, U
      BMG, serum creatinine concentration and free water clearance.

PMID- 6379413
TI  - [Clinical and experimental studies on elevated plasma level of insulin in
      cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension and portosystemic collateral
      circulation].
AB  - Plasma level of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and C-peptide (CPR), and their
      responses to intravenous administration of glucagon were studied in 37 patients
      with cirrhotic portal hypertension during hepatic vein catheterization. IRI and
      CPR in peripheral vein and hepatic vein were compared with development of portal
      vein collaterals measured by indocyanine green disappearance tests and portal
      venograms. In additional 2 cases, the values were compared with those of portal
      vein blood obtained by percutaneous transhepatic catheterization. Plasma IRI of
      peripheral vein in cirrhotic patients, those who had only esophageal varices but
      did not have remarkable amount of portal vein collateral blood flow, revealed the
      changes closely resembling the controls. On the contrary, peripheral vein IRI
      elevated significantly in cirrhotics with large shunt and the values exceeded
      those of hepatic vein, although responses to the glucagon test were normal. In
      experimental study using dogs, peripheral IRI revealed significant increase after
      the portocaval anastomosis diverting the portal blood containing high IRI into
      the inferior vena cava, and the values exceeded those of hepatic vein. It is
      important to know the development of portal vein collaterals as a major cause of
      hyperinsulinemia in liver cirrhosis.

PMID- 6379414
TI  - Eukaryotic transcription complexes.
AB  - Accurate transcription of eukaryotic genes in vitro is preceeded by the assembly
      of the template DNA into stable DNA-protein complexes. Such complexes have been
      reported for genes transcribed by each of the three eukaryotic RNA polymerases.
      DNAase I protection or footprint assays have yielded information as to the sites
      of protein factor binding. These sites correlate with many of the sequences which
      have been implicated as promoter elements through analysis of deletion mutants.
      Stable transcription complexes are also formed in microinjected Xenopus oocytes
      and such complexes can be shown to exist in vivo in nuclei and chromatin. The
      propagation of active transcription complexes may prove to be a crucial element
      in cellular differentiation.

PMID- 6379415
TI  - Induction with a synthetic peptide of antibodies to HLA class I C-terminal
      intracytoplasmic region.
AB  - Site-specific antibodies to HLA class I molecules have been raised in rabbits
      immunized with a synthetic peptide with the same amino acid sequence as HLA
      residues 328-338, which corresponds to the highly conserved intracytoplasmic
      region. Antibodies were detected by radioimmunoassay and were able to recognize
      isolated HLA heavy chains blotted onto nitrocellulose as well as the
      biosynthetically labeled HLA-beta 2 microglobulin complexes solubilized by non
      ionic detergents. The intracellular localization of the determinants recognized
      by the antibodies was shown by indirect immunofluorescence labeling and the
      specificity of the reaction confirmed by its inhibition with the synthetic
      peptide. No cross-reaction was seen with H-2 antigens on murine cells. These
      antibodies will be important for further characterization of HLA antigens and
      detection of their expression in mouse cells transfected with human genes.

PMID- 6379416
TI  - Direct measurement of antibody affinity distribution by hapten-inhibition enzyme
      immunoassay.
AB  - A rapid, simple and reliable technique for determining the affinities of antibody
      subpopulations in a complex mixture is described. The principle of this method is
      that antigen conc can be represented as the amount of antigen immobilized on the
      polystyrene surface of a microwell containing a fixed vol of diluted antibody.
      Thus, by measuring the proportion of antibody bound to different wells coated
      with varying amounts of antigen, it is a straightforward matter to calculate an
      affinity distribution. We have verified that: (1) the amount of antigen bound to
      a polystyrene plate is proportional to the concn of antigen used for
      sensitization and follows a typical saturation curve; (2) the antibodies bound to
      plates sensitized with low concns of antigen are of higher affinity than those
      bound to plates sensitized with high concns of antigen; (3) an apparent affinity
      constant (aK) is defined as the reciprocal concn of free hapten required for 50%
      inhibition of antibody binding to immobilized antigen; (4) the aK determined by
      this method is in close agreement with the intrinsic affinity constant (K)
      measured by fluorescence quenching or the Farr assay; and (5) that during the
      course of immunization in vivo there is a clear shift to higher-affinity antibody
      subpopulations.

PMID- 6379417
TI  - Membrane attack by complement.
AB  - Membrane attack by complement involves the self-assembly on membranes of five
      hydrophilic proteins (C5b, C6, C7, C8 and C9) to an amphiphilic tubular complex
      comprising approximately 20 subunits. The hydrophilic-amphiphilic transition of
      the precursor proteins is achieved by restricted unfolding and exposure of
      previously hidden hydrophobic domains. Restricted unfolding, in turn, is driven
      by high-affinity protein-protein interactions resulting in the formation of
      amphilic complexes. Circular polymerization of C9 to a tubular complex (poly C9)
      constitutes the molecular mechanism for transmembrane channel assembly and
      formation of ultrastructural membrane lesions.

PMID- 6379418
TI  - Interaction of human complement proteins with serum-sensitive and serum-resistant
      strains of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Exposure of serum-susceptible Escherichia coli strains to lethal concns of
      lysozyme-free human serum resulted in stable binding of complement components to
      the outer membrane (OM), but not to the cytoplasmic membrane (CM). The short
      prekilling phase of the reaction was accompanied by binding of C3b; loss of
      viability was immediately preceeded by stable deposition onto the OM of the
      component proteins of the membrane attack complex. During the early stages of the
      active killing phase, bound monomeric C9 could be resolved into two distinct
      bands on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. Serum exposure lead to a progressive loss of CM
      recoverability, which appeared to result from partial degradation of CM
      phospholipids. In contrast, exposure of a resistant E, coli strain to human serum
      resulted in little change in the membrane profile and very little stable
      deposition of terminal complement components onto the OM.

PMID- 6379419
TI  - Cellular aging, idiotype repertoire changes and mucosal-associated lymphoid
      system.

PMID- 6379420
TI  - Cellular aging, neoplastic transformation, meiotic rejuvenation, and the
      structure of chromatin complex.

PMID- 6379421
TI  - Cellular ageing: selective vulnerability of cholinergic neurones in human brain.

PMID- 6379422
TI  - Growth potential, repair capacity and protein synthesis in lens epithelial cells
      during aging in vitro.

PMID- 6379423
TI  - [Collection and bacteriologic quick testing of the milk of mothers with premature
      infants].
AB  - Collecting milk from mothers of preterm infants and feeding it unprocessed to
      their own babies has been tested. Mothers were instructed by protocoll and by
      intensive personal informations. Unprocessed human milk samples were
      bacteriologically screened by Uricult-dip-slides. 69% of 2,261 milk samples
      examined showed a total colony count of less than or equal to 10(4)/ml and no
      growth of gramnegative bacteria. These samples could be given unprocessed to the
      preterm infants. No side effects have been noticed. Bacteriological criteria for
      feeding unprocessed human milk are discussed in the paper.

PMID- 6379424
TI  - [Air pathogen content in the intensive care station of a pediatric clinic].
AB  - The bacterial count of air in 2 intensive care units was examined by membrane
      filter technique (MD 2 model SM 167 21). 88 samples of room air and 296 samples
      of incubator air were studied. The occurrence of bacteria, especially
      gramnegative rods, was investigated in incubators and in respirators. The results
      were related to bacterial counts in tracheal secretions from newborns during long
      term ventilation. The bacterial content of air in the incubators were relatively
      low. The results were different in two intensive care units leading to changes in
      the hygienic routine of intensive care units.

PMID- 6379425
TI  - [Chloroquine and pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine resistant malaria tropica in a child
      with diabetes mellitus].
AB  - A 16-year old girl with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (8 years' duration)
      developed tropic malaria 7 weeks after her return from Kenya despite a longtime
      prophylaxis using pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine (Fansidar). The disease was
      detected during an episode of ketoacidosis which proved exceptionally difficult
      to manage. Adequate chloroquine therapy resulted in temporary recovery. A
      recurrence of malaria four weeks later was successfully treated with quinine and
      doxycycline. Intraleucocytary parasites were found during both these episodes.
      Already prior to antimalarial drug therapy the girls' preexisting retinopathy was
      found to have deteriorated.

PMID- 6379426
TI  - Natural immunity. History, present, and future.

PMID- 6379427
TI  - Leishmaniasis.

PMID- 6379428
TI  - Breast cancer: risk factors and etiology.

PMID- 6379429
TI  - Do the Salmonella typhimurium tester strains used in mutagenicity assays display
      'plasmid-enhanced genetic drift'?

PMID- 6379430
TI  - Phenotypic instability of Salmonella typhimurium tester strains: statistical
      verification.

PMID- 6379431
TI  - Alkaline elution of rat testicular DNA: detection of DNA cross-links after in
      vivo treatment with chemical mutagens.
AB  - The alkaline elution technique was used to measure DNA damage in the rat testis
      after intraperitoneal injection of 3 chemicals known to cause heritable mutations
      in rodents. These 3 chemicals are triethylenemelamine (TEM), mitomycin C, and
      cyclophosphamide. All three of these chemicals produced DNA damage which was
      readily detectable by alkaline elution. Both TEM and mitomycin C produced DNA
      interstrand cross-links, although TEM was a more potent cross-linker on an
      equimolar basis than mitomycin C. Cyclophosphamide produced both DNA cross-links
      and DNA strand breaks. Alkaline elution in the absence of proteinase K indicated
      that some of the strand breaks appeared to be closely associated with protein.
      These studied indicate that the alkaline elution technique is capable of
      detecting DNA damage in mammalian germ cells produced by chemical mutagens. This
      technique may prove useful as a screening tool for identifying chemicals which
      cause heritable mutations in mammals.

PMID- 6379432
TI  - An evaluation of Salmonella (Ames) test data in the published literature:
      application of statistical procedures and analysis of mutagenic potency.
AB  - We searched the published literature for Salmonella test data on some 450
      chemicals. Only 137 of more than 400 articles containing original data satisfied
      minimum criteria for a quantitative analysis [1751 experiments, comprising data
      on 152 chemicals (Table 1)]. Many of these papers did not report basic
      information about the test protocol (Table 2). We used previously described
      statistical procedures (Bernstein et al., 1982) to estimate the initial slopes of
      the dose-response curves and corresponding standard errors. We also applied tests
      for significance and linear goodness-of-fit. We then used the results of these
      analyses to examine several issues: (1) Linearity of the low dose region of the
      dose-response curve. We found that the overwhelming majority of curves were
      linear, though ability to detect non-linearity of dose-response curves in the
      standard plate test is only limited. 7% of all experiments to which the goodness
      of-fit test was applied were curves of increasing slope, and with a few possible
      exceptions, these were not obviously associated with any particular mutagens,
      even those generally considered to produce non-linear effects such as MNNG and
      EMS (Table 3). (2) Performance of the statistical test for significance. Results
      of the statistical test for significance of the dose-response were compared with
      author's opinions as to positivity. In almost all cases (94%) results of the
      statistical test and authors opinions were the same. In the examples of
      conflicting opinions, the reasons were: (a) the statistical test places more
      weight than do most authors on the presence of a linear dose-response; (b) most
      authors tend to require at least a 2-fold increase over the spontaneous
      background for 'significance', and (c) when the number of spontaneous revertants
      is small (e.g., TA1537), authors tend to require a larger increase in induced
      revertants than when the spontaneous background is large, whereas the statistical
      procedure makes no such distinction. These factors result in the statistical test
      tending to identify more experiments as positive than do authors, provided there
      is a linear dose-response, and authors tending to judge more experiments as
      positive when the dose-response is not linear. (3) Reproducibility. Among the
      1751 experiments there were 122 data-sets (a total of 333 experiments) in which
      the same chemical was tested by two or more different laboratories under the same
      protocol. 21 of the 122 data-sets had some disagreement between experiments as to
      whether results were positive or negative (Table 4).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 6379433
TI  - Genotoxic properties of acrylonitrile.

PMID- 6379434
TI  - Biological effects of dyes on bacteria. VI. Mutation induction by acridine orange
      and methylene blue in the dark with special reference to Escherichia coli WP6
      (polA1).
AB  - Acridine orange (AO) and methylene blue (MB) in the dark were shown to be weak to
      moderate mutagens (induction of resistance to T5 phage) in repair-deficient
      strains of Escherichia coli B/r. However, strain WP2 (wild-type) was not mutated
      by AO in the dark, in confirmation of earlier data. The presence of 2 microM AO
      reduced by 41% the spontaneous mutation rate in strain WP2, from 4.1 to 2.4
      mutants/10(8) cells/generation. In the polymerase I-deficient strain WP6 (polA1),
      2 microM AO increased the mutation rate in the dark 14-fold. We propose that both
      spontaneous and AO-induced mutagenesis in the absence of light occur at the site
      of semiconservative DNA replication. If the intercalation mechanism for the
      effects in the absence of light is valid, the wild-type strain (WP2) may be
      resistant to frameshift mutagenesis induced by intercalated compounds, while the
      polymerase I-deficient strain (WP6) may be highly suceptible to the presence of
      an intercalated dye such as AO at the DNA-replication fork. MB and AO likely act
      through different mechanisms since MB is only a moderate mutagen in strain WP6
      and the other repair-deficient strains tested.

PMID- 6379435
TI  - Mutagenicity of some synthetic quinolines and quinoxalines related to IQ, MeIQ or
      MeIQx in Ames test.
AB  - 3-Methyl- and 3,4-dimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline, 3,8-dimethyl-3H
      imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline, N6-methyl- and N6,7-dimethylquinoline-5,6-diamine, as
      well as N6,3-dimethylquinoxaline-5,6-diamine, have been synthesized. Only the
      first-mentioned compound was active in Ames test; the response was equal for
      Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100, regardless of enzymatic activation (S9).
      However, its mutagenicity to TA98 + S9 was 300-1300 times smaller than the values
      reported for the related compounds, 3-methyl- and 3,4-dimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5
      f]quinolin-2-amine ('IQ' and 'MeIQ'), and for 3,8-dimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5
      f]quinoxalin-2-amine ('MeIQx'). Hence, the presence of the imidazole ring and the
      2-amino group in the molecule seems to be important for the high mutagenicity of
      the latter compounds.

PMID- 6379436
TI  - Effects of amount and type of agar on the number of spontaneous revertants in the
      Ames test.
AB  - It has been shown that the spontaneous revertants in the Ames test can depend on
      the amount and type of bottom agar on the plates. The most clear-cut effect was
      found with the his G46 strains, carrying the delta uvrB mutation, and with the
      new hisG428 strain, TA102. Evidence of mutagenic impurities in agar has been
      found.

PMID- 6379437
TI  - The effect of acetyl-CoA supplementation on the mutagenicity of benzidines in the
      Ames assay.
AB  - The conventional Ames assay metabolising system was confirmed to be deficient in
      its ability to N-acetylate. This may render the test less sensitive to compounds
      which normally have an acetylation step during their in vivo activation to
      carcinogens. The addition of acetyl-coenzyme A to the S9 mix in the Ames assay
      increased the mutagenicity of benzidine in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98
      and TA1538 4-5-fold. This was consistent with the observation that benzidine is N
      acetylated prior to DNA binding in vivo in rat liver. Two 3,3'-disubstituted
      benzidines, o-tolidine and o-dianisidine, were also tested. A smaller increase in
      o-tolidine mutagenicity, compared to that observed with benzidine, occurred with
      the addition of acetyl-coenzyme A. However, the production of acetylated
      metabolites from o-tolidine was only 37% of that from benzidine. The mutagenicity
      of o-dianisidine was unaffected by acetyl-coenzyme A. Acetylation of o
      dianisidine was only 16% of that observed with benzidine, and the N-acetyl
      derivatives of o-dianisidine showed lower mutagenicity than the parent amine. The
      differing responses of benzidine, o-tolidine and o-dianisidine to addition of
      acetyl-coenzyme A suggests it may not be possible to simply infer the metabolism
      of 3,3'-disubstituted benzidines to DNA binding species from data on benzidine
      itself.

PMID- 6379438
TI  - Induction of gene conversion and reverse mutation by manganese sulphate and
      nickel sulphate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Manganese sulphate and nickel sulphate were tested for the induction of gene
      conversion at the trp5 locus and reverse mutation at the ilv1 locus in D7 strain
      of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nickel sulphate was more toxic than manganese
      sulphate but did not induce any reverse mutation and gave a weak positive
      response for conversion. Manganese sulphate was also only slightly mutagenic and
      convertogenic.

PMID- 6379439
TI  - Lack of mutagenicity of synthetic pyrethroids in Salmonella typhimurium strains
      and in V79 Chinese hamster cells.
AB  - Seven pyrethroids, i.e., cypermethrin, permethrin, deltamethrin, bioresmethrin,
      resmethrin, cismethrin and fenvalerate, were not found to be mutagenic in (a)
      Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100 or TA98 in the presence or absence of a rat
      liver activation system using the plate incorporation assay and fluctuation
      tests, or (b) V79 Chinese hamster cells in the presence or absence of
      hepatocytes.

PMID- 6379440
TI  - Metabolic activation capabilities of S9 and hepatocytes from uninduced rats to
      convert carcinogenic N-nitrosamines to mutagens.
AB  - 6 carcinogenic nitrosamines were studied in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535 after
      activation by S9 and by hepatocytes. All nitrosamines were activated by S9 from
      induced rats, regardless of their organotropy. The hepatocarcinogenic
      nitrosamines (N-nitrosodimethylamine, NDMA; N-nitrosodiethylamine, NDEA; N
      nitrosomorpholine, NM and N-nitrosodibutylamine, NDBA) were activated to mutagens
      by S9 and by hepatocytes both derived from noninduced rat livers, NDMA and NM
      inducing more his+ revertants in the presence of hepatocytes. The oesophageal
      carcinogenic nitrosamine N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBeA) and bladder
      organotrophic N-nitroso(4-hydroxybutyl)butylamine(NBBOH) were neither converted
      by liver preparations of uninduced rats into mutagenic intermediates nor by
      hepatocytes. This study indicates that isolated cells derived from untreated
      animals may be better suited to study liver specific activation in vitro than
      disrupted subcellular metabolizing systems from induced animals.

PMID- 6379441
TI  - Formation of 2-amino-3,7,8-trimethylimidazo [4,5-f]quinoxaline, a new mutagen, by
      heating a mixture of creatinine, glucose and glycine.
AB  - When a mixture of creatinine, glycine and glucose was heated for 2 h at 128
      degrees C in diethylene glycol containing 14% water, two mutagens were formed.
      One of them, responsible for 90% of the mutagenicity, has already been identified
      as 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx). The other mutagen was
      purified and characterized. The UV absorption, mass and NMR spectra suggested
      that this mutagen was 2-amino-3,7,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (7,8
      DiMeIQx). Comparison of the spectral properties of the compound obtained from the
      heated model mixture with those of synthetic material confirmed this structure.
      7,8-DiMeIQx is a newly identified compound which, at a dose of 1 microgram,
      induced 163 000 and 9900 revertants of Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100,
      respectively, with S9 mix.

PMID- 6379442
TI  - Activation of mutagens in cooked ground beef by human-liver microsomes.
AB  - The total organic base fraction purified from fried ground beef is metabolized by
      human-liver microsomes to form mutagens detectable by the Ames/Salmonella
      bacterial assay. The mutagens produced have an absolute requirement for metabolic
      activation; without it, no increase in the number of revertants over background
      is seen. Microsomes from human liver activate the mutagens significantly more
      than microsomes from uninduced mouse or rat liver; the microsomes from one
      individual were nearly as active as those of Aroclor-induced mice and rats. alpha
      Naphthoflavone (ANF) inhibits activation of these mutagenic bases, implying that
      the metabolism is mediated by the inducible form(s) of cytochrome P-448. Thus,
      the human liver has the potential to metabolize the cooked beef mutagen(s) to
      active intermediates, posing a possible mutagenic risk. However, unlike the
      animal metabolizing system, which needs to be artificially induced, the human
      system appears to be naturally induced through diet or environmental exposure.

PMID- 6379443
TI  - Lack of mutagenicity to S. typhimurium of neopentyl bromide and pentaerythrityl
      tetrachloride: relation to chemical structure.
AB  - Neopentyl bromide and pentaerythrityl tetrachloride were shown here to be non
      mutagenic to 7 strains of Salmonella typhimurium. These inactivities are
      reflected in the inability of either compound to produce a colour reaction in the
      chemical alkylation test of Epstein (4-nitrobenzylpyridine, NBP). It is suggested
      that the lack of biological reactivity of these two alkyl halides is due to
      steric crowding of the halogen group. These findings are significant within the
      context of the potent mutagenicity of mono-haloalkanes in general. The similarity
      between the odour of pentaerythrityl tetrachloride and camphor is discussed.

PMID- 6379444
TI  - Comparisons of the promutagen-activating capacity of S9 liver preparations from
      mouse and chicken using in vitro tests with Salmonella and yeast.

PMID- 6379445
TI  - Intraerythrocytic development and antigenicity of asexual malaria parasites.

PMID- 6379446
TI  - Metabolic differences between metronidazole resistant and susceptible strains of
      Tritrichomonas foetus.
AB  - Tritrichomonas foetus mutants resistant to metronidazole lack the hydrogenosomal
      enzymes pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase and hydrogenase. Hydrogenosomes of
      these organisms did not oxidize pyruvate or produce ATP in its presence.
      Elimination of hydrogenosomal metabolism of pyruvate was compensated by an
      increased rate of glycolysis. The resistant mutants excreted no organic acids and
      H2 as metabolic end products. Glycolysis of the resistant T. foetus KV1-1MR-100
      can be summarized as 1 mol glucose----2 mol ethanol + 2 mol CO2. The parent
      strain KV1, excreting H2, CO2 and acidic end products, converted about 10% of
      glucose to ethanol. Both strains produced ethanol from pyruvate through the
      action of two cytoplasmic enzymes: pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol
      dehydrogenase. The specific activity of the former enzyme, catalyzing
      nonoxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetaldehyde, was nearly seven times
      higher in the resistant than in the parent strain. Alcohol dehydrogenase reducing
      acetaldehyde to ethanol was specific to NADPH; it catalyzed the reverse reaction
      only slowly, and displayed similar activities in both resistant and sensitive
      trichomonads. Development of anaerobic metronidazole resistance in T. foetus
      depended on the loss of pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase as well as on the
      ability to increase alcoholic fermentation.

PMID- 6379447
TI  - Cloning of cDNAS that code for Plasmodium chabaudi antigens of the erythrocytic
      forms and cross-hybridize with P. falciparum.
AB  - Several Plasmodium chabaudi antigens are synthesized and the corresponding mRNAs
      are detected by cell-free translation only during specific stages of the
      erythrocytic cycle. Ring stage mRNA was used to construct a cDNA library in the
      plasmid vector pBR 322. The library was screened by differential hybridization
      with cDNA specific for ring stage parasites or schizonts. Two clones which showed
      some stage specificity and seven which did not were retained. Three clones were
      characterized by hybrid-selected translation. Clones 451, 148 and 443 contain
      sequences homologous to the messages for a 27 kDa stage-specific antigen, a 37
      kDa early antigen and a 24 kDa antigen, respectively. The nine clones cross
      hybridize to various degrees with cDNA from P. falciparum but cross hybridization
      intensities do not reflect the strength of immunological cross-reactivity.

PMID- 6379448
TI  - Regulation of energy metabolism in Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi
      epimastigotes. II. NAD+-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase.
AB  - Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi epimastigotes (EP stock) grown in complex LIT
      medium rapidly consume the glucose present but, under aerobic conditions,
      continue growth in its absence with the concomitant excretion of ammonia,
      suggesting the utilization of amino acids for energy production. A search for
      metabolic pathways responsible for amino acid oxidation led to the detection of a
      NAD+-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (L-glutamate:NAD+ oxidoreductase,
      E.C.1.4.1.2) which is different from an NADP+-dependent enzyme previously
      reported. The enzyme has been partially purified and its kinetic and regulatory
      properties studied in both directions of the reaction. Km values were 3.6 mM for
      alpha-ketoglutarate, 0.170 mM for NADH and 16 mM for NH+4, Vmax = 0.67 mumol min
      1/mg-1 protein for aminative reduction; Km values were 23.5 mM for L-glutamate
      and 2.9 mM for NAD+, Vmax = 0.02 mumol min-1 mg-1 protein for deaminative
      oxidation, Tris buffer, pH 7.6. The enzyme is strongly inhibited by ATP, GTP, ADP
      and GDP (50% inhibition at 0.75 mM ATP, 3 mM MgCl2). S-Acetyl-CoA is also a
      potent inhibitor of the enzyme. The results demonstrate the presence of a
      specific pathway for the oxidation of amino acids, which is tightly regulated by
      the energy charge and the Krebs cycle activity in T. cruzi epimastigotes.

PMID- 6379449
TI  - Identification of 5 S and 5.8 S ribosomal RNA molecules and their genes in
      Plasmodium berghei.
AB  - The ribosomes of Plasmodium berghei contain two small RNA molecules approximately
      150 and 120 bases long. These correspond in size to 5.8 and 5 S RNA molecules
      found in the cytoplasmic ribosomes of eukaryotic cells. Segments homologous to
      the 5.8 S RNA are present in each of the four ribosomal RNA gene units.
      Restriction fragments which span the region between the coding areas of the two
      major ribosomal RNA molecules hybridize to 5.8 S RNA, indicating that the gene is
      located between the small and large ribosomal RNA genes. The gene(s) for the 5 S
      RNA is not associated with any of the four ribosomal RNA gene units.

PMID- 6379450
TI  - Localization of the major Plasmodium falciparum glycoprotein on the surface of
      mature intraerythrocytic trophozoites and schizonts.
AB  - The subcellular location of the major malarial glycoprotein in erythrocytes
      infected with schizonts of Plasmodium falciparum has been studied by two methods.
      In the first, glycoproteins were labelled with [3H]glucosamine or [3H]isoleucine
      during in vitro culture. Trypsin treatment of intact infected erythrocytes caused
      no major qualitative or quantitative changes in [3H]glucosamine labelled
      glycoproteins or [3H]isoleucine labelled proteins separated by sodium
      dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. However, in the presence of
      Triton X-100 the labelled glycoproteins and proteins were completely cleaved by
      trypsin. In the second method, two monoclonal antibodies which specifically
      immunoprecipitate the major 195 kDa glycoprotein failed to react on indirect
      immunofluorescence with intact non-fixed schizont-infected erythrocytes, but
      reacted strongly with saponin released schizonts indicating specificity for the
      surface of mature intracellular parasites. Immunoelectronmicroscopy using
      ferritin-conjugated secondary antibody confirmed the location of the epitope(s)
      recognized by these monoclonals on the surface of intracellular parasites.
      Ferritin particles were not associated with knob-bearing erythrocyte membranes.
      The results indicate that only a small proportion or none of the 195 kDa
      glycoprotein is on the surface of the infected erythrocyte and that the largest
      proportion is expressed on the surface of mature intraerythrocytic parasites.

PMID- 6379451
TI  - Glycosomal and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenases in epimastigotes of
      Trypanosoma cruzi.
AB  - The degradation of glucose by Trypanosoma cruzi leads to the excretion of
      succinate. Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) participates in this process by reducing to
      malate the oxaloacetate synthesized by the glycosomal enzyme, phosphoenolpyruvate
      carboxykinase. The best coupling for these two sequential reactions would be
      attained if both enzymes were placed in the same subcellular compartment. The
      intracellular distribution of the MDH activity in epimastigotes of T. cruzi was
      studied by two methods. Selective disruption of cellular membranes with
      increasing concentrations of digitonin, indicated that trypanosomal MDH is
      particulate. Isopycnic centrifugation in a sucrose gradient of a large granule
      fraction, obtained by grinding the cells with silicon carbide, showed the
      presence of two MDH activities: one banding together with the glycosomal marker
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, the other with the mitochondrial marker
      citrate synthase. Isoelectrofocusing of cell-free extracts led to the separation
      of two enzyme forms, with pI values of about 3.5 (MDHa) and 9.4 (MDHb). These
      forms had similar molecular weights (approx. 60 000) and apparent Km values, but
      showed a small but consistent difference in their pH optima (9.23 for MDHa and
      9.05 for MDHb), and in their activation by inorganic phosphate (apparent Ka
      values of 33 mM and 87 mM, for MDHa and MDHb, respectively). Determination of the
      pH optima of the enzyme forms separated by isopycnic centrifugation suggests that
      the glycosomal enzyme form is MDHa, and the mitochondrial one is MDHb.

PMID- 6379452
TI  - Differences in allopurinol and 4-aminopyrazolo(3,4-d) pyrimidine metabolism in
      drug-sensitive and insensitive strains of Trypanosoma cruzi.
AB  - Most freshly isolated Trypanosoma cruzi blood trypomastigotes were insensitive to
      allopurinol (HPP) and 4-aminopyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine (APP). Strains EP and Ya
      were, however, strongly inhibited by both drugs while strains DS and A-35 were
      HPP-insensitive but APP-sensitive. In contrast, epimastigotes resulting from one
      in vitro passage of all eleven T. cruzi strains were highly sensitive to both
      drugs. While hypoxanthine/guanine and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase and
      succino-AMP synthetase activities were similar in trypomastigotes of sensitive
      and insensitive T. cruzi strains, the uptake and metabolism of [14C]HPP and
      [14C]APP was significantly slower in T. cruzi trypomastigotes of insensitive
      strains than in sensitive strains. The results suggest the importance of drug
      uptake rates in determining the pyrazolopyrimidine sensitivity of different T.
      cruzi strains.

PMID- 6379453
TI  - Selective acquisition of plasma proteins by Trichomonas vaginalis and human
      lipoproteins as a growth requirement for this species.
AB  - Trichomonas vaginalis avidly bound numerous host macromolecules which were not
      removed by repeated washing in phosphate buffered saline. The use of
      radioiodinated Cohn plasma fractions in binding studies allowed the
      identification of plasminogen, fibrinogen, immunoglobulin G, lipoproteins A and
      B, transferrin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and albumin on intact organisms. The binding
      of immunoglobulin G, albumin, transferrin, and lipoproteins to intact, motile
      trichomonads was further demonstrated using 125I-labeled plasma that was
      chromatographically depleted of these proteins. Kinetic studies indicated that
      125I-labeled lipoproteins bind to T. vaginalis in a receptor-ligand-like manner.
      The surface localization and uptake of bound lipoproteins was shown by treatment
      of intact organisms with pronase at various times after incubation with
      lipoproteins. Purified lipoproteins could be substituted for plasma or serum as a
      growth supplement in a complex medium of trypticase/yeast extract/maltose and
      supported growth and multiplication rates equal to those in the same medium with
      plasma.

PMID- 6379454
TI  - Identification of parasite proteins in a membrane preparation enriched for the
      surface membrane of erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium knowlesi.
AB  - A subcellular fraction enriched in erythrocyte membranes has been isolated from
      rhesus monkey erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium knowlesi. Infected cells were
      lysed by centrifugation through a zone of hypotonic buffer and membranes isolated
      by equilibrium density gradient centrifugation in the same tube. The purified
      membrane fraction was shown to include the erythrocyte surface membrane by
      several methods: electron microscopy, identification of Coomassie Blue stained
      erythrocyte membrane proteins, identification of band 3 with a monoclonal
      antibody, and identification of radioiodinated cell surface proteins. The
      resulting ghosts were shown to be specifically reactive with monkey sera against
      the variant surface antigens of P. knowlesi by indirect immunofluorescence and
      membrane agglutination. No reactivity was seen with a monoclonal antibody (13C11)
      against the intracellular schizont surface. A number of metabolically labelled
      parasite proteins were enriched in this membrane function, including peptides of
      277, 208, 173, 153, 134, 109, 80, 60 and 48 kDa and the variant surface antigens
      of variable molecular mass (180-207 kDa). These proteins were distinct from the
      major parasite proteins of total infected erythrocytes and isolated merozoites.
      The major glucosamine labelled glycoprotein of the internal schizont (230 kDa)
      was not found in this fraction. Moreover, no fragment of this parasite
      glycoprotein was found in this membrane fraction, indicating that no part of this
      molecule is transported to the erythrocyte surface. In contrast, the variant
      antigen of P. knowlesi, known to be on the erythrocyte surface, could be readily
      identified as peptides unique to specific cloned parasite lines. We propose that
      the other nine parasite proteins found within this membrane fraction represent a
      starting point for the identification of other parasite proteins transported to
      the surface membrane of the infected erythrocyte.

PMID- 6379455
TI  - Antifibrinolytic treatment in subarachnoid hemorrhage.
AB  - We enrolled 479 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage in a multicenter,
      randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine whether treatment
      with the antifibrinolytic agent tranexamic acid improves outcome by preventing
      rebleeding. At three months there was no statistical difference between the
      outcomes in the tranexamic acid group and the control group. Of the 173 patients
      who died, 84 had received tranexamic acid and 89 placebo (95 per cent confidence
      interval for the difference in mortality rate, -6 to 11 per cent). Similarly,
      when analysis was restricted to patients with an angiographically demonstrated
      aneurysm, there was no significant difference between the groups. This absence of
      effect was not due to a lack of antifibrinolytic action, since the rate of
      rebleeding was reduced from 24 per cent in the control group to 9 per cent in the
      tranexamic acid-treated group (chi-square = 18.07, P less than 0.001), but
      resulted from a concurrent increase in the incidence of ischemic complications
      (15 per cent in the control group and 24 per cent in the tranexamic acid group;
      chi-square = 8.07, P less than 0.01). We conclude that until some method can be
      found to minimize ischemic complications, tranexamic acid is of no benefit in
      patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

PMID- 6379456
TI  - Permanent coverage of large burn wounds with autologous cultured human
      epithelium.

PMID- 6379457
TI  - Skin--the ultimate solution for the burn wound.

PMID- 6379458
TI  - Termination from Medi-Cal--does it affect health?

PMID- 6379459
TI  - Antiemetic efficacy of dexamethasone. Randomized, double-blind, crossover study
      with prochlorperazine in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy.
AB  - We conducted a randomized, double-blind, crossover study comparing the antiemetic
      efficacy of dexamethasone and prochlorperazine in 42 patients with cancer who
      were receiving outpatient chemotherapy, mainly without cisplatin. Patients
      experienced significantly less nausea and vomiting with dexamethasone than with
      prochlorperazine (P less than 0.02 and less than 0.03, respectively). Twenty-five
      patients experienced no nausea with dexamethasone, as compared with 14 patients
      taking prochlorperazine (P less than 0.001). Similarly, 29 patients receiving
      dexamethasone did not vomit, as compared with 18 receiving prochlorperazine (P
      less than 0.001). Somnolence was the most frequent side effect, occurring in 60
      per cent of patients receiving prochlorperazine and in 12 per cent of those
      receiving dexamethasone (P less than 0.001). Patients also experienced less
      suppression of appetite while receiving dexamethasone (P less than 0.02). We
      conclude that dexamethasone is an effective and safe antiemetic in patients
      receiving cancer chemotherapy without cisplatin.

PMID- 6379461
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 35-1984. Pulmonary infiltrates 12 years after renal
      transplantation.

PMID- 6379460
TI  - The myometrium and uterine cervix in normal and preterm labor.

PMID- 6379462
TI  - Liver and hypervitaminosis.

PMID- 6379463
TI  - Report of the conference on uses and possible abuses of biosynthetic human growth
      hormone.

PMID- 6379464
TI  - Effects of temperature and partial hepatectomy on the induction of liver tumors
      in Oryzias latipes.
AB  - When the medakas, Oryzias latipes, were treated with diethylnitrosamine (DENA)
      for 6-8 weeks, large liver tumors grew in many of them at 11-13 weeks. In the
      fish with fully developed tumors, some aneuploid hepatic cells, detected by DNA
      Feulgen cytofluorometry, were already found after 3-6 weeks of the DENA
      treatment. The allogeneic transplantation of liver grafts into eye chambers
      showed that the grafts obtained from DENA-treated or tumor-bearing fish could
      survive for longer periods than those from untreated fish. Effects of temperature
      on liver tumorigenesis were examined at 5-8 degrees C and at 22-25 degrees C.
      When the fish were treated with DENA at a high temperature, small tumor foci
      appeared during the treatment, and they grew to large tumors if the fish were
      kept at a high temperature afterward. Most of the fish had no tumors with the
      treatment given at a low temperature. Only a few tumors were found in the fish
      treated with DENA at a low temperature and then kept at a higher one. In the
      measurement of the labeling and mitotic indexes of liver cells, DNA synthesis and
      cell divisions occurred during the DENA treatment at a high temperature. A close
      relationship between cell proliferation and appearance of the histological
      changes in liver tissue was observed. Three to 4 days after a partial hepatectomy
      was performed on each medaka, mitotic figures of liver cells were frequently
      observed, and the maximum mitotic index of more than tenfold the control level
      was obtained at 4 days. The enhancing effect of the partial hepatectomy on the
      liver tumorigenesis by DENA treatment was examined.

PMID- 6379465
TI  - Structural and evolutionary analysis of HLA-D-region products.
AB  - The major histocompatibility complex (MHC)--HLA in man and H-2 in mouse--encodes
      two classes of cell-surface antigens involved in the immune response. The amino
      acid sequences have been determined for a number of these molecules. Class I
      antigens, typified by the HLA-ABC antigens, are composed of a 43,000-molecular
      weight (MW) glycosylated transmembrane polypeptide with three external domains
      (alpha 1, alpha 2 and alpha 3), of which the one nearest the membrane (alpha 3)
      is associated with a 12,000-MW nonglycosylated polypeptide, beta 2-microglobulin.
      The HLA-D-region or class II antigens, DR, DC and SB, are composed of two
      glycosylated transmembrane polypeptides, of MWs 34,000 (alpha-chain) and 28,000
      (beta-chain). Both chains have two external domains which presumably associate
      with each other, alpha 2, beta 2 being membrane proximal and alpha 1, beta 1 N
      terminal and membrane distal. All four membrane-proximal domains (class I alpha
      3, beta 2-microglobulin, class II alpha 2 and beta 2) have amino acid sequences
      that show significant similarities with immunoglobulin constant-region domains.
      This, together with the similarly placed internal disulphide bonds, suggests they
      might have an immunoglobulin-like structure (Fig. 1). We have now used computer
      graphics techniques to predict a detailed three-dimensional structure for the
      membrane-proximal domains of the class II antigens (alpha 2 and beta 2) based on
      the known coordinates of immunoglobulin constant domains (Fig. 2). The
      transmembrane regions of class II antigens have been modelled as two alpha
      helices packed together. The proposed structure accounts for conservation of
      amino acids and leads to evolutionary predictions.

PMID- 6379466
TI  - Novel stereospecificity of the L-arabinose-binding protein.
AB  - Tertiary structure refinement at 1.7 A resolution of the liganded form of L
      arabinose-binding protein from Escherichia coli has revealed a novel binding site
      geometry which accommodates both alpha- and beta-anomers of L-arabinose. This
      detailed structure analysis provides new understanding of protein-sugar
      interaction, the process by which the binding protein minimizes the difference in
      the stability of the two bound sugar anomers, and the roles of periplasmic
      binding proteins in active transport.

PMID- 6379467
TI  - Regulated expression of an introduced MHC H-2K bm1 gene in murine embryonal
      carcinoma cells.
AB  - The transplantation antigens H-2K, H-2D and H-2L are developmentally regulated,
      highly polymorphic cell surface proteins encoded by the major histocompatibility
      gene complex (MHC). First detectable on the early embryo, they are subsequently
      expressed on most somatic cells of the adult mouse in association with the
      protein beta2-microglobulin (beta 2 M; ref. 5). Cultured F embryonal carcinoma
      (EC) cells can be induced to differentiate along alternative pathways to form
      either parietal or visceral9 extra-embryonic endoderm, each concomitant with a
      change in morphology and pattern of gene expression. Previous reports have
      demonstrated an increased level of transplantation antigens in differentiated F9
      EC cells, but the cell types expressing them were not defined. Here we show that
      the level of MHC H-2Kb and beta 2 M transcripts is increased during both pathways
      of this differentiation. Expression of a foreign MHC H-2Kbm1 gene was found to be
      regulated in a similar manner when the gene was introduced into EC cells. In
      contrast, an introduced rabbit beta-globin gene was not regulated but expressed
      constitutively.

PMID- 6379468
TI  - Malaria vaccine in sight?

PMID- 6379469
TI  - Developmental biology of a neural cell adhesion molecule.
AB  - A membrane glycoprotein isolated from embryonic brain has been shown to be a
      ligand in the formation of cell-cell bonds. The molecule, called neural cell
      adhesion molecule (N-CAM), participates in several aspects of neural development,
      including the formation of plexiform layers, neurite fasciculation and nerve
      muscle interactions. Experiments in vivo indicate that N-CAM-mediated adhesion is
      essential to the orderly assembly of the visual system.

PMID- 6379471
TI  - Bowen Commission Report on Medicare.

PMID- 6379470
TI  - Chemicals, man and the environment: a historic perspective of pollution and
      related topics.
AB  - The interaction of chemicals with biological organisms is as old as life itself.
      Chemical pollution is usually considered to be human interference with natural
      chemical cycles and the release of man-made, unnatural compounds. The article
      traces five areas of chemical pollution and health hazards: air pollution, water
      pollution, occupational exposure, pollution from agricultural practices and
      contamination of food. It is suggested that historic perspective can aid in
      rational and prudent evaluation of present-day pollution problems.

PMID- 6379472
TI  - [Kidney transplantation in patients with urinary diversion].

PMID- 6379473
TI  - [Immediate Gram staining of the bile in operations for gallstones].

PMID- 6379475
TI  - [The clinical interpretation of bacteriological studies].

PMID- 6379474
TI  - [Henoch-Schoenlein syndrome].

PMID- 6379476
TI  - [Chemonucleolysis and low backache].

PMID- 6379477
TI  - [Moerman, Muntendam and measurement with different standards in medicine].

PMID- 6379478
TI  - [First ranking or last is best?].

PMID- 6379479
TI  - [The effect of first authorship on the results of citation counting].

PMID- 6379480
TI  - [50th anniversary of the A. A. Bogomolets Institute of Physiology of the Academy
      of Sciences of the UkrSSR].

PMID- 6379481
TI  - Hereditary antithrombin III deficiency and venous thrombosis.

PMID- 6379482
TI  - Lithium clearance: a new method for determining proximal and distal tubular
      reabsorption of sodium and water.

PMID- 6379483
TI  - Demonstration of C3d deposits in membranous nephropathy.
AB  - An immunoperoxidase technique for light microscopy was carried out in 16 patients
      with idiopathic membranous nephropathy in order to determine the role of the
      complement system in glomeruli. Although C3 deposits are found in 50% of the
      cases, C3d deposits are identified in all cases in association with IgG deposits.
      This suggests that C3 deposits are degraded and dissociated from immune
      complexes. Patients with glomerular C3 deposits showed more proteinuria than
      those without glomerular C3 deposits. The presence of C3 deposits indicates the
      importance of proteinuria in human membranous nephropathy.

PMID- 6379484
TI  - C-reactive protein and clinical kidney transplantation.
AB  - 50 patients were serially monitored for C-reactive protein (CRP) in serum after
      kidney transplantation. Compared with a control group the post-operative peak at
      days 1 and 3 was strongly depressed in the immunosuppressive-treated transplant
      group (p less than 0.01). In 29 out of 30 patients CRP concentration showed an
      average rise from 9.4 to 30.0 micrograms/ml between the 5th and 2nd day before
      onset of the rejection episodes (p less than 0.01). The dynamics of CRP
      concentration before, during and after prednisolone anti-rejection bolus therapy
      was considered in 22 cases. The first bolus led to a greater or smaller decrease
      in CRP concentration in almost all patients. After the second bolus treatment CRP
      dropped to zero already in more than half of the patients with reversible
      rejection episodes (p less than 0.01). In case of irreversible rejection crises
      CRP never reached zero.

PMID- 6379485
TI  - Prostaglandin E2 promotes hypotension on low-sodium hemodialysis.
AB  - The influence of low-sodium dialysate (126 mmol/l) on plasma levels of
      prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGF2 alpha, plasma renin activity (PRA) and arterial
      blood pressure was investigated in 16 patients on maintenance hemodialysis. PGE2
      rose more than tenfold and there was a significant increase in PGF2 alpha and
      PRA. Mean arterial pressure dropped by 30 mm Hg causing discomfort in several
      patients. By contrast, conventional hemodialysis against 140 mmol/l of sodium was
      followed by less pronounced changes in plasma prostaglandins, and reduction of
      blood pressure was moderate (13 mm Hg). It is suggested that vasodilating
      prostaglandins may contribute to dialysis hypotension. Their origin may not be
      confined to the kidneys but rather extend to the lungs and circulating blood
      cells. The in vitro generation of prostaglandins was demonstrated when donor
      blood was circulated in an extracorporeal dialysis system.

PMID- 6379486
TI  - Hypokalemia and prostaglandin overproduction in Bartter's syndrome.
AB  - In 2 adult patients with Bartter's syndrome, in whom chloride reabsorption at the
      diluting segment of the nephron was markedly reduced, serum potassium
      concentration could be improved with oral administration of a large amount of
      potassium chloride. In both cases, improvement of serum potassium levels with
      oral potassium load resulted in an increase in plasma renin activity (PRA) and
      plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), a decrease in urinary excretion of
      prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), and an
      improvement of pressor responsiveness to angiotensin II and norepinephrine.
      Treatment with indomethacin also improved the pressor responsiveness to
      angiotensin II and norepinephrine, but this occurred in association with a
      decrease in PRA, PAC and urinary excretion of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha. These results
      indicated that an event at the renal tubular level leading to potassium depletion
      is the most proximal pathogenetic defect in Bartter's syndrome, and that this in
      turn contributes to excessive prostaglandin production leading further to the
      decreased pressor responsiveness to vasoactive substances.

PMID- 6379487
TI  - Optimal fixation of chick synaptosomes using different osmotic pressures.
AB  - Chick synaptosomes were found to remain intact following fixation in the presence
      of 0.2 M sucrose or 0.3 M sucrose. Increasing the sucrose concentration up to 0.4
      M significantly decreased the number of intact synaptosomes; however, typical
      intrasynaptosomal organelles such as synaptic vesicles and mitochondria were
      visible in all preparations. This work suggests possibly important species
      differences in synaptosomal structure between chick and rat synaptosomes.

PMID- 6379488
TI  - [Changing feature of functional neurosurgery].

PMID- 6379489
TI  - [Proteus mirabilis brain abscess in a neonate].
AB  - A case of neonatal brain abscess was reported. This female infant was born by
      spontaneous vertex delivery at 38 weeks gestation, weighing 3.1 kg. There were no
      antenatal and perinatal complications. The Apgar's score was 8 points and her
      head was 32.8 cm in circumference. Fifty-six hours after birth, she had a clonic
      general convulsion for about 3 minutes. On the next morning, convulsion recurred,
      and she was transferred to our hospital. When admitted to the Pediatrics, she was
      exhausted and irritable. But after hospitalization, she improved without
      convulsions. CT scan, performed 7 days after birth, revealed large low density
      areas in both frontal lobes. Electroencephalography showed spike discharge at all
      leads. The head circumference gradually increased and subsequent CT scans
      revealed enlargement of the bifrontal low density areas. The first operation was
      done 28 days after birth. A large amount of yellowish grey pus was aspirated from
      both sides and the cavity was irrigated. Tobramycin was administered into the
      abscess cavity. Culture of the pus grew proteus mirabilis. The postoperative
      conditions were good. But two weeks later her head started to enlarge with the
      bulging fontanelle. CT scan revealed marked dilation of the ventricles and
      enlargement of the left frontal abscess. At 2 months of age, second operation was
      done. Left frontal abscess was punctured and serous pus was aspirated. Proteus
      mirabilis was cultured again from the pus. Tobramycin was administered into the
      cavity via the drainage tube every day for a week. As the content of the abscess
      cavity became clear, V-P shunt and cyst-peritoneal shunt were performed. After
      shunting procedure, the increase of head circumference stopped and the fontanelle
      became flat and soft.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6379490
TI  - [CT guided stereotactic surgery--application to evacuation of intracerebral
      hematoma].

PMID- 6379491
TI  - [High dose ACNU and radiation therapy with autologous bone marrow rescue for a
      patient with cerebellar medulloblastoma: case report].
AB  - High dose ACNU and radiation therapy with autologous bone marrow rescue was
      performed in a 3-year-old boy suffering from cerebellar medulloblastoma, whose
      main mass had been removed at operation when widespread subarachnoid tumor
      dissemination was already present. The myelosuppression, which is a major side
      effect of high dose chemotherapy, was successfully prevented by the autologous
      bone marrow grafting and the serial CT scans showed complete disappearance of the
      tumor. However, the patient died on the 53rd day after the administration of ACNU
      of respiratory complication which was most likely due to pulmonary fibrosis.
      Although the autologous bone marrow rescue therapy is a technical advance to cope
      with myelosuppression secondary to chemotherapy, side effects of the other
      organs, particularly of the respiratory system, remain to be solved. The optimal
      treatment schedule should be established as soon as possible.

PMID- 6379492
TI  - [A case of spinal epidural abscess in a renal transplant recipient].
AB  - A 44-year-old male underwent a cadaveric renal transplantation at the university
      hospital of Tsukuba on March 3, 1979. On June 11, 1979, he was discharged this
      hospital. Immunosuppressive therapy with azathioprine and methylprednisolone was
      done. On November 1, 1979, he developed back pain associated with fever. On
      November 3, 1979, he was admitted to the university hospital of Tsukuba.
      Laboratory study revealed leucocytosis. CRP inserum was positive. But pneumonia,
      urinary tract infection and infectious skin lesion were ruled out by physical,
      radiological and laboratory examination. On November 16, 1979, he became
      paraparetic. On the next day, he consulted the neurosurgical unit. Neurological
      findings were as follows: paraplegia, and hypesthesia and hypalgesia below the
      level of T4, and bilateral hyperrefrexia of P.T.R. and A.T.R. Lumbar myelogram
      revealed a complete block at the level T7. On November 17, 1979, a laminectomy
      from T4 through T7 was performed. The epidural abscess containing yellow pus was
      found and totally removed. Gram-positive rods were isolated on bacteriologic
      culture. On the 7th postoperative day, the sensory level dropped to L4
      bilaterally and the muscle strength in the lower extremity became fair. About 3
      years after operation, he became to be able to walk without cane. Discussion was
      made about this case together with previously reported cases.

PMID- 6379493
TI  - Development of an enzyme immunoassay for delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) and
      its use in the determination of the metabolic clearance rate of DSIP administered
      to dogs.
AB  - A method for the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP)
      has been developed and applied to determine the metabolic clearance rate and
      biological half-life of DSIP administered to dogs. Antisera to DSIP conjugated to
      bovine serum albumin were raised in rabbits and proved to be specific for the C
      terminus of the peptide. DSIP conjugated to horseradish peroxidase served as the
      labeled antigen in the EIA and enzyme activity was determined by
      fluorophotometry. The assay sensitivity was approximately 30 pg/ml. 1 or 2 mg of
      DSIP was injected intravenously into 4 anesthetized dogs and blood was taken at 5
      min intervals. Unextracted plasma was subjected to the EIA directly and showed
      parallel displacement curves to the standards. DSIP was found to have a rapid
      disappearance with a mean metabolic clearance rate of 30.7 +/- 2.5 ml/kg . min
      and a mean half-life of 4.0 +/- 0.7 min in the dogs. Additional measurement of
      the metabolic parameters in a monkey and 3 rats treated similarly revealed a
      rapid in vivo clearance of DSIP from plasma with a half-life of 2.9 and 2.0 +/-
      0.54 min, respectively.

PMID- 6379494
TI  - Testosterone raises LHRH levels exclusively in the median eminence of castrated
      rats.
AB  - Although LHRH is widely distributed in the diencephalon, previous studies show
      that testosterone (T) treatment for 72-96 h of castrated male rats raised LHRH
      levels only in the medial basal hypothalamus. In the present study, LHRH
      concentrations were analyzed in microdissected brain regions shown to contain
      LHRH perikarya and their projections to identify the discrete regions which may
      display this T-dependent accumulation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
      (LHRH) and to study the temporal sequence of LHRH changes in those regions. Rats
      were killed at 12-hour intervals from 60 to 96 h after subcutaneous implantation
      of Silastic capsules containing T. Results showed that the physiological range of
      serum T levels attained by these implants suppressed LH release at all times,
      however, there was no immediate effect on LHRH concentrations in any region. In
      fact, out of the 9 regions in the preoptic-tuberal pathway examined, 8 regions
      displayed no change in LHRH concentrations at any time. On the other hand, for up
      to 84 h, LHRH concentrations in the median eminence region remained unchanged; an
      additional 12 h of T exposure significantly raised LHRH levels. These results
      suggest that this T-dependent accumulation of LHRH may arise either by de novo
      synthesis or by increase in the rate of processing of the precursor LHRH protein
      into the immunoreactive form within nerve terminals in the median eminence.

PMID- 6379495
TI  - Criteria for cure in acromegaly: report of a case apparently cured in which
      persisting tumor was found at autopsy.
AB  - A 49-year-old man with acromegaly underwent the apparently complete removal of a
      pituitary microadenoma by the transsphenoidal route. There was complete remission
      of the biochemical abnormalities for 2 1/2 years, with basal plasma growth
      hormone (GH) levels of less than 1 ng/ml and normal somatomedin levels. The
      patient then died after the rupture of a cerebral aneurysm. Serial sections of
      the pituitary fossa showed persistent tumor with a volume of about 6% of the
      remaining normal gland. It is concluded that current endocrine tests are limited
      in their ability to detect residual GH-secreting tumor. Their sensitivity is
      likely to depend on the mass of tumor and on the GH secretion rate. Predictions
      of long term cure based on these tests are only tentative.

PMID- 6379496
TI  - History of frontal lobotomy in the United States, 1935-1955.
AB  - The history of frontal lobotomy is a dramatic chapter in the development of
      medical treatment. Based on experimentally induced lesions in primates,
      lobotomies were introduced as procedures designed to modify the affect and
      behavior of hospitalized mental patients. Within 10 years, variations in surgical
      techniques were numerous, and the treatment was an accepted alternative in many
      hospitals in the United States. Patients on whom the operation was performed had
      a variety of diagnoses, including schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder,
      and affective illness. With the introduction of neuroleptic medication and
      behavior and milieu therapies, this surgical treatment for the emotional
      component of psychiatric illness fell into disuse. As its legacy to medicine,
      frontal lobotomy provided neuroanatomical information from which contemporary
      biological theories of behavior developed.

PMID- 6379497
TI  - Evaluation of the cerebral vasculature by intraarterial DSA--with emphasis on in
      vivo resolution.
AB  - Comparative study was performed between IA DSA and stereoscopic magnification
      angiography in relation to small vessel resolution, image quality of the vessels
      and image quality of various pathologic lesions. The vessels of various
      diameters, accurately measured by stereoscopic magnification angiography, were
      localized on IA DSA and their resolution was carefully assessed. The vessels more
      than 1 mm in diameter were equally visualized on IA DSA and conventional
      angiography. The vessels between 1 mm and 0.5 mm showed fair resolution on IA
      DSA, whereas IA DSA did not resolve the vessels smaller than 0.5 mm in diameter
      to good advantage. In addition, image quality of the vessels on IA DSA was
      compared with the conventional methods. Cerebral gyrus, venous sinuses, and
      intracerebral veins are often shown better on DSA. The small vessels such as
      lenticulostriate, small cortical, thalamoperforate and meningohypophyseal
      arteries were not defined on DSA. Equal or better image quality was obtained in
      more than 85% of cases with pathologic lesions. Examinations were performed
      faster with lower cost and lower complication rate. Information provided by DSA
      was often sufficient for managements of patients. Combined use of DSA and
      conventional angiography will improve diagnostic accuracy and decrease the
      complication rate.

PMID- 6379498
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography in head and neck radiology.
AB  - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IVDSA) was used to evaluate 44
      patients with suspected otolaryngologic abnormalities. Sixteen had IVDSA for
      pulsatile tinnitus or suspected glomus tumor of the petrous bone. Nine patients
      were evaluated because of pulsatile neck masses, and 12 others had suspected
      tumors of the neck, face, and paranasal sinuses. Seven had IVDSA following head
      and neck trauma. The technique of examination is described. The current
      indications of IVDSA in head and neck radiology are discussed. It is concluded
      that IVDSA is a suitable substitute for conventional angiography for many
      otolaryngologic conditions and, because of its safety, can be used more
      liberally.

PMID- 6379499
TI  - Mapping of enkephalins in human brain. An immunohistofluorescence study on brains
      from patients with senile and presenile dementia.
AB  - The results of this study of the distribution of enkephalin-like immunoreactivity
      in four human "senile" and "presenile" brains by immunofluorescence microscopy
      (Coons' Method) showed specifically fluorescing varicosities containing fibres in
      the following areas: nucleus accumbens, nucleus caudatus, pallidum (mainly the
      external segment), septal nuclei, substantia innominata, hypothalamus,
      hypophysis, substantia nigra, nucleus interpeduncularis, locus coeruleus and
      other nuclei of the brain stem, most of the nuclei of the cranial nerves (mainly
      the sensitive) and spinal cord (mainly the substantia gelatinosa of the posterior
      horn). Fibres were observed surrounding cell bodies in the substantia nigra, in
      the nucleus raphe and in the anterior horn of the spinal cord (motor cells).
      Cylindrical ("pipe-shaped") structures formed by enkephalin-like immunoreactive
      fibres were seen in the pallidum, between the pallidum and the nucleus accumbens,
      and in the substantia nigra. A complete map of enkephalin-like immunoreactivity,
      based on Riley's Atlas of the human brain, is included. The distribution of
      enkephalin-like immunoreactivity showed many similarities to that in animal
      species that have been studied by immunohistochemistry (rat, primate) except for
      a lack of detectable enkephalin immunoreactivity in the amygdala in our material.
      No conclusions about the possible relationship of this finding to the clinical
      condition of dementia can be drawn without further work.

PMID- 6379500
TI  - Neurofilament and glial fibrillary acid protein-related immunoreactivity in
      rodent enteric nervous system.
AB  - Using antisera raised against neurofilaments and the glial fibrillary acidic
      protein (GFAP) we have examined the appearance and distribution of neurofilament-
      and GFAP-like immunoreactivity in the enteric nervous system of rat, mouse and
      guinea-pig. In whole mounts of the external circular and longitudinal muscle
      layers, including the myenteric plexus, a high number of neurofilament-positive
      perikarya were visualized both in the ganglia and in the circularly running
      interconnecting strands in all three species. These cells were large, usually
      with eccentrically placed nuclei and single, relatively thick neurofilament
      positive processes. In addition, in guinea-pig myenteric plexus a small number of
      cells with multiple processes could be seen. Both in the longitudinal and
      circular interconnecting strands a large number of thin, smooth, neurofilament
      positive fibres were observed. This regular network of ganglia and strands was
      superimposed on a sparse system of thin, usually individual neurofilament
      positive fibres in the underlying circular muscle layer. Cryostat sections
      revealed neurofilament-positive cell bodies in the submucous plexus, whereas
      fibres showing neurofilament-like immunoreactivity were observed in all layers of
      the gut wall, with the exception of the epithelium. In whole mounts including rat
      and mouse myenteric plexus, a large number of cells and fibres showing GFAP-like
      immunoreactivity were visualized. The GFAP-positive cells were smaller and more
      numerous than the neurofilament-positive ones. They were present both within the
      ganglia and in the interconnecting strands. Several short fluorescent processes
      could frequently be seen emanating from the cell body. Both the strands and the
      ganglia contained a high number of thin, GFAP-positive fibres. Fluorescent fibres
      and cells were also observed in the circular muscle layer. In sections of rat and
      mouse small intestine, cells were observed throughout the gut wall, with the
      exception of the epithelium. Double labelling experiments clearly showed that
      neurofilament- and GFAP-positive cells represented separate cell populations.
      Furthermore, GFAP-positive cells and fibres outlined the neurofilament-positive
      perikarya. It is thus likely that the GFAP-positive cells represent enteric glial
      cells. The pre- and postnatal development of neurofilament- and GFAP-like
      immunoreactivity was studied in whole mounts from rat embryos and pups.
      Furthermore, the presence of neurofilament and GFAP-positive fibres was observed
      in whole mount preparations of rat and mouse mesenterium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 6379501
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of a granuliberin-like peptide in Rana pipiens
      brain.
AB  - The histamine-releasing peptide "granuliberin", originally isolated from the skin
      of Rana rugosa, was localized by immunofluorescence within nerve cell bodies and
      fibers in the brain of Rana pipiens. The granuliberin-positive neurons were
      characterized ultrastructurally by electron microscopic observation of ultrathin
      sections stained either with immunoperoxidase or with conventional stains.
      Granuliberin-positive nerve cell bodies were seen throughout the hypothalamus,
      from the suprachiasmatic area rostrally to the full length of the
      periinfundibular grey matter caudally. Similarly positive nerve fibers were
      localized in the hypothalamus radiating upwards to the optic vesicles in the
      midbrain, extending through the preoptic area into the subpallium in the
      forebrain, and throughout the white matter surrounding the floor and lateral
      walls of the fourth ventricle in the brainstem. The granuliberin-positive nerve
      cells showed the presence of variable numbers of small cytoplasmic neurosecretory
      granules, possessing an electron dense elongated core, and measuring 250-350 nm
      in their largest diameter. The functional significance of a granuliberin-like
      peptide in neurons of the frog brain is not known.

PMID- 6379502
TI  - Use of central neuronal cultures for the detection of neuronotrophic agents.
AB  - Neuronotrophic factors, a class of macromolecules thought to be present within
      the neuronal environment are required to support the survival in vitro of
      peripheral neurons. In the present study we have established bioassay culture
      systems suitable for the identification of similar agents for intrinsic neurons
      of the central nervous system. The striatum, hippocampus and septum of 18 day
      fetal rats were dissociated and plated in a serum-free medium on a neurite
      conducive substratum which allows an easy recognition of neurons under phase
      contrast microscopy. These cultures contain predominantly neurons as assessed by
      tetanus toxin labelling, a well recognized neuronal marker. Seeding the cell
      suspensions at decreasing densities yields after 24 h a density dependent
      survival of the neuronal population. Thus a low seeding density could be chosen
      where survival of these neurons required an exogenous source of trophic factors.
      Survival of central neurons was promoted by several conditioned media derived
      from rodent glial cell cultures, both primary (astroglia, Schwann) and clonal (C6
      glioma, Schwannoma). Serial dilutions of these media allowed the titration of
      their respective neuronotrophic activities. In addition, conditioned media
      derived from the central neuronal cultures themselves, when seeded at a high
      density, were also able to support the survival of low density seeded central
      neurons.

PMID- 6379503
TI  - Ultrastructure and synaptic connections of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like
      immunoreactive non-pyramidal neurons and axon terminals in the rat hippocampus.
AB  - In the hippocampus, antibody raised against vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
      (VIP) labeled perikarya and processes of non-pyramidal neurons whereas these
      structures remained unlabeled in pyramidal cells and granule cells. In the
      present study, VIP-immunostaining was used to investigate the fine structure and
      synaptic connections of identified non-pyramidal neurons and of immunoreactive
      axon terminals in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus by means of electron
      microscopic immunocytochemistry. From a number of cells studied, two VIP-like
      immunoreactive non-pyramidal neurons in the regio superior were selected for an
      electron microscopic analysis of serial thin sections. These cells were different
      with regard to the location of their cell bodies and the orientation of their
      dendrites. One cell was located in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare with
      dendritic processes oriented parallel to the hippocampal fissure. The second
      neuron was found in the inner one-third of the stratum radiatum. The dendrites of
      this cell ran nearly parallel to the ascending apical dendrites of the pyramidal
      cells. Both cells had a round or ovoid perikaryon and an infolded nucleus. The
      aspinous dendrites of both neurons were densely covered with synaptic boutons.
      These terminals were small, filled with spherical vesicles, and established
      asymmetric synaptic contacts. No variations in the fine structure of the
      presynaptic boutons were found along the course of the labeled dendrites through
      the various hippocampal layers, although different afferents are known to
      terminate in these layers. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunopositive
      axon terminals course through all layers of the hippocampus. In the stratum
      pyramidale they established symmetric synaptic contacts with the perikarya of
      pyramidal cells. In the stratum radiatum they made symmetric contacts with the
      shafts of apical dendrites of pyramidal cells but never contacted dendritic
      spines. The symmetric contacts with pyramidal cell perikarya suggest an
      involvement of the VIP-like immunoreactive axon terminals in pyramidal cell
      inhibition.

PMID- 6379504
TI  - Protease inhibitors reduce the loss of nerve terminals induced by activity and
      calcium in developing rat soleus muscles in vitro.
AB  - The end-plate of a mammalian skeletal muscle fibre is innervated by several axons
      at the time of birth but by only one axon in the adult. In the rat soleus muscle
      the transition from polyneuronal to single innervation occurs during the first 2
      3 weeks after birth. While it is evident that the loss of the excess nerve
      terminals depends to some extent on neuromuscular activity, the mechanism
      involved is not known. In the present experiments neonatal rat soleus muscles
      were stimulated in vitro in the presence of a variety of combinations of calcium,
      the cholinesterase inhibitor edrophonium and the proteolytic enzyme inhibitors
      leupeptin, pepstatin and Ep-475. Electron microscopical examination revealed that
      stimulation alone had little effect on the morphology of the end-plate region but
      stimulation in the presence of raised levels of calcium caused severe disruption
      of the nerve terminals and a marked reduction in the number of intact nerve
      terminal profiles contacting each end-plate. Contraction measurements showed
      that, in spite of this, the muscles were not functionally denervated to any large
      extent. The addition of edrophonium potentiated the morphological alterations but
      caused no further reduction in the number of profiles. Conversely, the protease
      inhibitors wholly or partially (in the case of Ep-475) prevented the effects of
      stimulation and calcium on the nerve terminals. These results are consistent with
      the idea that neuromuscular activity induces the secretion of proteolytic enzymes
      into the end-plate region, where they digest the immature nerve terminals. The
      importance of calcium suggests that the calcium-dependent neutral protease may be
      involved, and is also consistent with a secretory mechanism. The possibility that
      the nerve terminals are digested by their own proteases is also discussed.

PMID- 6379505
TI  - Propranolol therapy for essential tremor of the head.
AB  - The effect of propranolol on essential tremor affecting the head was studied in a
      placebo-controlled trial. Clinical tremor scores and tremor amplitude as measured
      by an accelerometer were significantly decreased for both head and hand tremor by
      160-mg/d and 320-mg/d doses of propranolol. Placebo and 80 mg/d were without
      effect. In individual patients, the responsiveness of head tremor tended to
      parallel that of hand tremor. The head tremor of essential tremor can be treated
      successfully with propranolol therapy.

PMID- 6379506
TI  - A double-blind controlled trial of bovine brain gangliosides in amyotrophic
      lateral sclerosis.
AB  - We conducted a double-blind controlled study of the effect of brain gangliosides
      in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nineteen patients received intramuscular
      gangliosides (40 mg/d) for 6 months, and 21 received placebo. The deterioration
      rates for approximately 120 clinical and electrophysiologic parameters of
      neuromuscular function were analyzed, but no statistically significant beneficial
      effect of the drug was demonstrated. However, the large coefficient of variation
      for each item indicated that a sample size of several hundred patients would have
      been necessary to exclude the possibility that the drug produced a 25% slowing of
      progression of the disease.

PMID- 6379507
TI  - Ganglioside therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a double-blind controlled
      trial.
AB  - A 6-month double-blind study of bovine brain gangliosides was carried out in 40
      patients with ALS. Thirty-two patients completed the study; 18 were treated with
      gangliosides and 14 with placebo. Using 10 different objective tests of muscle
      strength, we failed to show a significant difference between the two groups in
      the progression of weakness. Daily intramuscular injections of 40 mg of brain
      gangliosides for 6 months had no beneficial effect in ALS.

PMID- 6379508
TI  - Charles Edouard Brown-Sequard: professor of physiology and pathology of the
      nervous system at Harvard Medical School.
AB  - Brown-Sequard's career as Harvard's first professor of the physiology and
      pathology of the nervous system is chronicled in a unique and previously
      unpublished series of his private letters and university archival material. At
      Harvard, Brown-Sequard tried to modernize the curriculum by adding laboratory
      exercises and animal experiments in the teaching of physiology. He dreamed of
      constructing a great physiologic institute to study fundamental problems in
      neurology, including epilepsy, paralysis, muscular atrophy, nerve injuries, and a
      wide variety of other problems. His letters reveal Brown-Sequard as a disarmingly
      "modern" professor who avoided faculty meetings, complained constantly about
      lecture schedules, his salary, and the improper care of his animals--and
      threatened to resign regularly!

PMID- 6379509
TI  - Intensive chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow rescue for recurrent malignant
      gliomas.
AB  - Eight patients, four male and four female, were treated with high dose
      chemotherapy followed by bone marrow transplantation. In the first two patients,
      high dose ACNU was used for the treatment without combination with other drugs.
      This showed severe side effects such as intratumorous bleeding on the 18th day of
      treatment in the first case and pulmonary fibrosis on the 35th day of treatment
      in the second case. Considering these results, we considered another treatment
      schedule which consisted of high dose ADM (100 mg/m2), VCR (1.5 mg/m2), CDDP (80
      mg/m2 X 4) and Ex (800 mg/m2) within seven days. Six patients were treated with
      this schedule and the results indicated that two patients had a partial response
      (more than 50% reduction of tumour size measured by CT scan), one had a complete
      remission (no tumour detected by CT scan), two showed no change and one,
      progression of the lesion. The patients recovered from the suppression of bone
      marrow function after the bone marrow transplantation as indicated. Granulocytes
      and platelets in blood began to increase from 10 to 14 days after the
      transplantation and became normal within three weeks after this. Serial
      measurements of S-GOT and alkaline phosphatase revealed reversible elevation, if
      any, within four weeks of the treatment. The number of our cases is still small,
      but results showed that autologous bone marrow transplantation made high dose
      chemotherapy possible. The necessity for consideration of the blood-brain barrier
      for this treatment is also discussed.

PMID- 6379510
TI  - Chemotherapy of malignant gliomas.
AB  - Chemotherapy of malignant glioma has been discussed in relation to recent
      advances in experimental and clinical studies. It is now obvious that
      chemotherapy is of increasing importance in the multidisciplinary treatment of
      malignant gliomas. Survival time of patients was prolonged by intensive and
      prolonged chemotherapy and by second treatment upon tumour recurrence. Further
      progress of chemotherapy will be gained by the progressive accumulation of all
      experiences, however small, in all the varied routes of approach.

PMID- 6379512
TI  - [Radioimmunological evaluation of the technical loss of insulin added to infusion
      solutions].

PMID- 6379511
TI  - Clinical effect of interferon in malignant brain tumours.
AB  - Phase I and phase II clinical studies of interferon (IFN) were conducted in
      malignant brain tumours (47 cases of glioblastoma, medulloblastoma and others)
      using three preparations of the drug. The drug was administered daily in doses
      3.0 - 9.0 X 10(6) I.U. locally or intravenously (beta-type) or intramuscularly
      (alpha-type). The administration was continued as many days as possible, eight
      weeks being the shortest period. The efficacy of the therapy was assessed mainly
      by the CT findings (computed volume of the tumour). As for efficacy against
      glioblastomas, the highest effectiveness rate (40%) was obtained with Human
      Fibroblast IFN (HFIF) (beta-type) (Toray) (one case of complete remission and
      seven cases of partial remission out of 20 cases) as compared to Human
      Lymphoblastoid IFN (HLBI) (alpha a-type) (Wellcome) (one case of partial
      remission out of three cases) and recombinant IFN (rIFN-alpha A) (alpha-type)
      (Roche) (two cases of partial remission out of nine cases). The high rate of
      responsiveness of HFIF seems to be largely attributable to the local, rather than
      systemic, administration of the drug. Our pharmacokinetic study revealed that, by
      means of intrathecal administration a much higher IFN titre was detected in the
      cerebrospinal fluid, while by intravenous or intramuscular route, the IFN titre
      in the CSF was undetectably low. The generally lower incidence of side-effects
      with HFIF compared to other preparations was also largely ascribable to the route
      of administration. IFN therapy in combination with radiotherapy and/or
      chemotherapy should also be investigated.

PMID- 6379513
TI  - [Arterial hypertension in pregnancy. Concise review].
AB  - The diagnostic principles and current therapy employed in cases of arterial
      hypertension during pregnancy are summarised. Apresoline is recommended in all
      forms of hypertension. Salt free diets and diuretics are usually not recommended
      in pre-eclampsia-eclampsia. In all other hypertensive forms they are, but in
      association with apresoline and/or beta-blocking agents.

PMID- 6379514
TI  - [Update on antibiotic therapy. 17) A combination of fosfomycin and cephalexin
      (cefemic cofosfolactamine)].

PMID- 6379515
TI  - [Update on antibiotic therapy. 19) Cefotetan].

PMID- 6379516
TI  - Guanine nucleotide sensitivity of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors from rat
      brainstem is eliminated by endogenous proteolytic activity.
AB  - The sensitivity to guanine nucleotides of agonist binding to muscarinic
      acetylcholine receptors was eliminated by incubating rat brainstem membranes at
      37 degrees C for 30 min. Pretreatment with any of a variety of proteinase
      inhibitors prevented this loss of sensitivity. In contrast to other treatments
      which inactivate guanine nucleotide regulatory mechanisms of muscarinic
      receptors, incubation at 37 degrees C did not alter agonist binding measured in
      the absence of guanine nucleotides. Endogenous proteolytic activity appears to
      inactivate the nucleotide regulatory subunit without engendering its dissociation
      from the receptor binding subunit.

PMID- 6379517
TI  - Computer software directory for nurse educators.

PMID- 6379518
TI  - Using microcomputers in situational testing.

PMID- 6379519
TI  - With Lotte, the family did know best.

PMID- 6379521
TI  - Post-delivery bleeding due to group B beta-haemolytic streptococcal infection.

PMID- 6379520
TI  - The other side of the insulin story: Paulescu's contribution.

PMID- 6379524
TI  - Mama and the President's budget.

PMID- 6379523
TI  - Medicine: the art of guessing?

PMID- 6379525
TI  - Fagan implant.

PMID- 6379522
TI  - Subclavian vein catheterisation for haemodialysis.
AB  - Immediate access to the circulation for haemodialysis may be necessary in
      patients with acute renal failure or when end stage renal disease presents
      acutely. Vascular access may be required in patients treated by continuous
      ambulatory peritoneal dialysis if that technique is interrupted or, following
      failure of an arteriovenous fistula in patients on maintenance haemodialysis.
      Haemodialysis via a catheter in the subclavian vein meets these needs. Our
      experience with 67 patients over two years confirmed the safety and reliability
      of this means of access. Benefits included easy, rapid catheter placement, full
      patient mobility, allowing outpatient dialysis where appropriate, and the sparing
      of peripheral vessels for future access. With careful attention to technique by
      experienced personnel complications are largely preventable.

PMID- 6379526
TI  - Uterine rupture following tubal reimplantation. Review of the literature and
      report of three additional cases.
AB  - Uterotubal implantation has been employed for the treatment of infertility since
      1896. Over the years, the surgery has evolved from a rather crude procedure to
      one involving the use of reamers, splints, steroids, antibiotics, and
      occasionally microsurgery. Although successes have been noteworthy, since 1934
      the procedure has been associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to
      uterine rupture. The present paper adds three new cases to the literature of
      postoperative rupture, including one case involving a patient who had the
      procedure done twice. Methods of prophylaxis are suggested.

PMID- 6379528
TI  - Impaired fetal growth: definition and clinical diagnosis.
AB  - Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) may affect up to 10% of pregnancies and
      results in substantially increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. Although
      many infants are small on a constitutional basis and not as a result of disease,
      many others suffer malnutrition from chronic progressive uteroplacental
      insufficiency. Genetic disease, embryonic infection, and various drug exposures
      may also result in IUGR. Inconsistency of diagnostic criteria has seriously
      hampered clinical research aimed at clarification of both the short- and long
      term implications of IUGR. This part of the report examines both the significance
      and clinical definition of IUGR and reviews the diagnostic tests used for the
      detection of the problem of impaired fetal growth. The clinical approach to the
      management of IUGR is presented in the subsequent part of the report, which
      includes the ultrasonic evaluation and management of this entity.

PMID- 6379527
TI  - The reproductive potential of young men and women with Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 6379529
TI  - Fetal biophysical profile score and the nonstress test: a comparative trial.
AB  - In this prospective blind study, 735 patients with high-risk pregnancies referred
      for antepartum testing of fetal well-being were randomly assigned to either a
      fetal biophysical profile scoring (375 patients) or a nonstress testing scheme
      (360 patients). Management was based on the results of antepartum tests, but the
      method of testing used was not disclosed. Fetal biophysical profile scoring
      resulted in a significantly higher positive predictive value in regards to low
      Apgar scores. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, although higher with fetal
      biophysical profile scoring, did not demonstrate significant differences when
      compared with the nonstress test. The negative predictive value between the two
      methods was similar. All major anomalies were detected during ultrasound
      scanning, whereas none of these anomalies were detected by heart rate testing
      alone.

PMID- 6379530
TI  - Amniotic fluid volume and in vivo permeability of ovine fetal membranes.
AB  - Serial measurements of amniotic fluid volume were made using a tracer dilution
      technique in sheep during the last half of gestation. No consistent trends were
      observed in amniotic fluid volume changes over this period. Disappearance of
      tracer-labeled urea and water from the amniotic fluid was observed at various
      gestational ages during the last half of pregnancy. The rate of disappearance of
      urea from the amniotic fluid decreased with gestational age. The disappearance
      rate of water did not change. Relationships between disappearance rates and
      amniotic fluid volume suggest that the permeability of the fetal membranes may be
      important in determining amniotic fluid volume.

PMID- 6379531
TI  - The coming revolution in health financing.

PMID- 6379532
TI  - [Changes in the clinical picture, morphology and therapy of endometrial carcinoma
      over 3 decades].
AB  - In the years 1952 to 1980 724 women were treated at the 2nd Department of
      Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Vienna, for carcinoma of the
      endometrium. The mean age of the 463 (64%) women operated on rose from 56 to 62
      years within three decades; the mean age of the 254 (35%) patients who received
      primary radiation therapy rose from 68 to 72 years; 7 women (1%) were treated
      symptomatically only. Looking at constitutional factors an increase of the number
      of women with manifest diabetes from 4% to 22% was noticed above all. Body weight
      and mean blood pressure increased slightly although not significantly. Irregular
      bleeding was the most common symptom, occurring in 90% of all cases and did not
      show any change in frequency. During the first decade of the period under
      consideration 86% of the women underwent primary operation, but that percentage
      decreased to 51% after 1970. Equally distinct was the decrease of 34% to 4% of
      the vaginal in favor of the abdominal operation. The number of cases with
      carcinomas with deep myometrial invasion and low differentiation increased. The
      high significance of these parameters for prognosis is shown by survival curves.
      The 5-year survival rates of patients primarily operated were about 75%, that of
      women receiving primarily radiation therapy at about 54%. These results remained
      approximately the same within the observation period. The increase of
      complicating factors such as higher age and more frequent incidence of diabetes
      mellitus accounts apparently for the increase in the number of women receiving
      primary radiation therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6379533
TI  - [Long-term osteoporosis with multiple fractures as the early monosymptomatic
      stage of multiple myeloma].
AB  - A 44 year old man with kappa-light plasmacytoma is presented who had been treated
      for osteoporosis and multiple bone fractures since 12 years. On admittance he had
      a rapidly progressive myeloma kidney and an extensive extramedullary tumor within
      the pelvis. Remission was induced using combination chemotherapy according to the
      VMCP-protocol. It is discussed that the long-lasting osteoporosis of the present
      case represents an unusually long, monosymptomatic early stage of a multiple
      myeloma rather than an independent primary disease.

PMID- 6379534
TI  - [Multiple Cancers].
AB  - According to the criteria of Warren and Gates the course of disease of 11972
      patients--8099 of them carcinomas under treatment in the Universitats
      Strahlenklinik--were examined in respect to multiple malignomas. In 232 cases
      such multiple malignomas were diagnosed, corresponding to 2.86%. We found more
      women (3.49%) than men (2.13%). In 165 cases (67.2%) multiple malignomas appeared
      metachronically, i.e. after an interval of more than 2 years, 76 (32.8%) of those
      patients were synchronic multiple malignoma--carriers. In women we found with
      3.49% significantly more often metachronic manifestations than in men (2.13%).
      According to synchronic multiple malignomas we stated that they are to be found
      in males and females in an equal amount. On the average the second malignoma
      appeared in males and females 10 years after diagnosis of the primary tumor.
      Localizations of the multiple malignomas as well as combinations of certain
      tumors are shown and discussed.

PMID- 6379535
TI  - [Results of intermittent intra-arterial chemotherapy with 5-FU in liver
      metastases and inoperable tumors of the gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts].
AB  - The present study includes 181 patients suffering from metastases of the liver or
      inoperable gastrointestinal tumors, who received local chemotherapy with 5-FU in
      the form of loading doses of 6 g over a period of 3-6 days interrupted by
      intervals of 6-8 weeks. For this purpose the catheter was introducted into the
      main supply artery of the tumor, it was left in place for 6 days and the
      cytostatic agent was infused by help of an electric syringe. Remission rates
      amounted to 58% for liver metastases and 43% for inoperable advanced
      gastrointestinal tumors, which is quite remarkable. Remission periods up to 50
      months were recorded for this type of intermittent treatment. Since the procedure
      is simple, well tolerated and bears little risk, and the therapeutical result is
      reasonably good for advanced cases, we feel justified in recommending this
      treatment in the form of a prospective study at least for cases in which direct
      surgical establishment of a catheter for implantation of a pump system is not
      performed. A comparison of treatment results with locoregional chemotherapy is
      limited to liver metastases, application in inoperable gastrointestinal or even
      urogenital tumors is still speculative, and this indication wants further
      observation.

PMID- 6379536
TI  - [Surgical therapy of ovarian carcinoma].
AB  - Ovarian carcinomas tend towards swift intraabdominal spreading and to frequent
      retroperitoneal involvement of the pelvic and paraaortic lymph nodes. At first
      surgery about 80% of the ovarian carcinomas have already left the small pelvis
      and are diagnosed as FIGO-stage III or IV. The preoperative diagnostics should
      register as accurately as possible the intra- and extra-abdominal spreeding. The
      postoperative residual tumor is of great importance for the prognosis. The aim of
      the operation being the reduction of the postoperative residual tumor to a
      diameter of less than 1-2 cm. If this is not successful, a substantial
      improvement of the prognosis cannot be expected from the first surgery. Exact
      staging with careful documentation of the postoperative residual tumor forms the
      essential basis for an optimal cytostatic or radiation therapeutical follow-up
      treatment. The trend towards radical surgical procedure led in our cases,
      unexpectedly to no increase in postoperative complications. A more conservative
      surgical procedure with the aim of preserving fertility in younger women, who
      wish to have children, requires the secure evidence of stage Ia and proof of a
      tumor with a low malignancy grade, given by an experienced histologist. It may be
      possible that other guide-lines are required for some germ cell tumors.

PMID- 6379537
TI  - [X-ray diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma].
AB  - Methods of radiology, lymphography, and computer tomography included, are not
      used in all patients with ovarian cancer, neither in the preoperative phase nor
      in the search for the recurrence. Therefore these improved X-ray diagnostic
      possibilities are discussed. We describe the role of lymphography, sonography,
      and computer tomography in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer.

PMID- 6379538
TI  - [Steroid hormone receptors in ovarian carcinomas and their clinical
      significance].
AB  - Concentrations of estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) were determined
      in 197 malignant tumors of the ovary. The frequency of receptors was the same as
      in breast cancer (ER 64%, PR 49%). In non-epithelial ovarian carcinomas steroid
      receptors were found only in granulosa cell tumors. PR was found less often in
      metastases than in primary tumors and after chemotherapy. Premenopausal tumors
      were more often PR-positive than postmenopausal carcinomas (71% versus 52%). ER
      were always constant. PR-negative tumors seemed to respond better to chemotherapy
      than positive tumors. Patients with PR-negative ovarian carcinomas seem to have a
      better prognosis than patients with PR-positive cancer. The clinical stage or the
      histological grade of the tumors did not correlate to the receptor status.

PMID- 6379539
TI  - [Experiences with Volm's short-term tumor test in the primary treatment of
      ovarian carcinoma].
AB  - It is possible to examine about 95% of tumors using the short-term tumor test
      from Volm et al. The test results are available within one day. In 89 cases of
      ovarian tumor stages III and IV, the clinical progress using different
      chemotherapies could be compared with the results of the uridine-adriamycin-test.
      In the uridine-adriamycin-test, 82% of the cases with sensitive tumors showed
      either a remission or at least no change. Resistant tumors were, however, in 56%
      of cases progressive. Whilst combination largely of proliferation-inhibiting
      cytostatic drugs such as CF- or CAP-therapy showed a good relationship between
      the behavior of the tumors in vitro and their response to the cytostatic therapy
      a similar relationship under CP-therapy with a high cisplatin dosage, could not
      yet be proved, although until now in only a small number of cases. In vitro
      sensitive ovarian carcinomas stage III with the histological grade II or III,
      have a better prognosis under chemotherapy than resistant carcinomas. The
      importance attached to the short-term tumor test from Volm in the cytostatic
      therapy of ovarian carcinomas, must be similarly assessed as that of steroid
      receptors to the endocrine therapy of breast cancer.

PMID- 6379540
TI  - [Psychosocial status of the patient with extensive and advanced ovarian cancer].
AB  - The psychosocial situation of the patient with ovarian cancer is characterized by
      interacting of the individual experiencing of the disease and the therapy and of
      the reactions of the social environment, especially of the next of kin and the
      physicians. The disease and the therapy cause a severe threat of psychophysical
      integrity, followed by prejudice of self-esteem and plans for the personal
      future. If this threat is not solved, often depression, loss of social status,
      and social withdrawal with isolation are following. The patient concentrates her
      hope for recovery on the attending physician in a central, projective
      superelevated way. For that reason, he is highly responsible to react on the
      subtile signals of distress in a patient, empathical, and encouraging attitude.

PMID- 6379541
TI  - [Transplantation of malignant ovarian tumors into athymic nu/nu mice].
AB  - Routinely performed xenotransplantations of 216 different malignant ovarian
      tumors on thymusaplastic nu/nu mice (NMRI) are reported. Take-off rate defined as
      proof of histologically vital cells and outer measurable growth was 76 percent.
      However, a second or further animal passages were possible only in almost 40
      percent. About 20 percent of malignant ovarian tumors could be serilly
      xenotransplanted. The influence of grade of histological differentiation, of
      origin of tumor tissue (primary, metastasis), and of tissue's steroid receptor
      content on the growth of ovarian xenotransplants could be demonstrated. The human
      origin of the xenotransplants - even in later animal passages - could be
      determined in all cases by isoenzyme analysis. However, the growing rate of
      mitoses indicates a change of cell proliferation of the xenotransplants. Because
      of that the nude mice model seems not be appropriate as an individual 'predictive
      test', but it is excellent as a preclinical prediction for the effect of newly
      developed cytostatics or the relevance of different therapeutical approaches.

PMID- 6379542
TI  - The MAI hydrophilic implant for scleral buckling: a review.
AB  - MAI, a new hydrophilic implant designed by Refojo for scleral buckling, is soft
      and elastic (thus preventing erosion) and offers versatility in interconvertible
      degrees of softness. MAI has no dead spaces. Its ability to absorb and gradually
      release antibiotics and to stimulate the production of a fibrous capsule around
      the implant increases safety and minimizes morbidity associated with the scleral
      buckling operation. This review summarizes the works published to date on MAI.

PMID- 6379543
TI  - Recent advances in pathology as applied to orbital biopsy. Practical
      considerations.
AB  - Advances in pathology allow for more specific diagnoses of orbital disease. The
      authors discuss the value of awareness of advances in cytology, histochemistry,
      immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy as applied to orbital disease.
      Modern cytologic technique can aid in clearer visualization of cellular detail
      with improved diagnosis of thin needle aspiration biopsies. Histochemistry offers
      an increasing range of methods for identification of cellular and extracellular
      substances such as amyloid, fibrin, neuroglia, and collagen. Immunohistochemistry
      allows for identification of an ever-increasing number of component antigens
      including immunoglobulins, myoglobins, keratin, glial fibre protein, etc.
      Electronmicroscopic technique including plastic embedding allow for specific
      identification of lesions based on subcellular components and characteristic
      nuclear, cytoplasmic, membrane, basement membrane and stromal components. The
      value of these methods has been demonstrated with case presentations of "small
      round cell tumors" of the adult and child. In addition, the pathologic diagnosis
      of several rare lesions of the orbit including neuroendocrine carcinoma,
      histiocytosis X, simultaneously occurring poorly differentiated mucoepidermoid
      carcinoma of lacrimal gland and adenocarcinoma of the prostate are demonstrated
      to underline the advances in technology. Emphasis is placed on the management of
      biopsy material to maximize diagnostic potential.

PMID- 6379544
TI  - Diagnostic methods in orbital diseases.
AB  - Development of diagnostic methods for orbital diseases have practically
      revolutionized the approach to the patient with orbital disease. These newer
      methods have helped the clinician to improve the accuracy of the clinical
      diagnosis prior to biopsy, to localize the area to be biopsied, and to prevent
      inappropriate surgery. These techniques have also allowed the pathologist to
      render more definitive diagnosis. These methods include ultrasound, computerized
      axial tomography, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, fine-needle aspiration
      biopsy, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. The
      techniques are complementary, and use of each depends on the clinical situation.
      Some techniques require collaboration between the surgeon and pathologist to
      assure proper fixation and preparation of tissues.

PMID- 6379545
TI  - Diagnostic cytopathology of ocular fluid specimens.
AB  - The brief history of the development of cytopathologic study of ocular fluids has
      been reviewed. The utilization of cytopathology techniques has become
      increasingly important with the introduction and widespread use of vitreous
      surgery. The cytopathologic study of ocular fluids have diagnostic value in
      infectious and noninfectious ocular inflammatory diseases, neoplastic lesions,
      some forms of secondary glaucoma, epithelial ingrowth, proliferative
      vitreoretinopathy, persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous and amyloidosis.

PMID- 6379546
TI  - A study for the differentiation of Actinobacillus seminis, A. actinomycetem
      comitans, Histophilus ovis and Pasteurella haemolytica.
AB  - By using well-defined techniques under optimum conditions it is possible
      adequately to define the biochemical characteristics of typical A. seminis
      strains. A. seminis can be distinguished from Histophilus ovis on the latter's
      distinctive colony morphology, but it cannot be distinguished from Actinobacillus
      actinomycetem-comitans. These organisms, however, can be differentiated from
      Pasteurella haemolytica on serological grounds and the latter's greater
      pathogenicity for mice. It is appreciated, however, that intermediate forms occur
      which cannot as yet be satisfactorily allocated to any of the above-mentioned
      genera.

PMID- 6379547
TI  - The Goldenhar syndrome: diagnosis and early surgical management.
AB  - The diagnosis, classification, pathogenesis, and surgical treatment of a child
      with Goldenhar syndrome is reviewed. Our experience with early costochondral
      growth center transplantation to the temporomandibular joint and ramus is
      discussed.

PMID- 6379548
TI  - Foreign-body reaction to bone wax. Report of a case.

PMID- 6379549
TI  - Rhinomanometry--a review.
AB  - After a short historical review, the advantages and disadvantages of the current
      rhinomanometric methods are discussed. In addition, the merits of spirometry or
      measurements of the air velocity are considered. The physics of nasal ventilation
      are described and the difficulty in nasal resistance measurement is studied. The
      different mathematical models representing nasal airflow are presented and the
      importance of the Broms' mathematical model is stressed.

PMID- 6379550
TI  - [Characteristics of the reparative regeneration of the femoral neck in
      experimental bone autoplasty].

PMID- 6379552
TI  - [On the 125th anniversary of the birth of G. I. Turner--the founder of Soviet
      traumatology and orthopedics].

PMID- 6379551
TI  - [Clinical trial of arthroscopy of the knee joint].

PMID- 6379553
TI  - Sr. Marilyn Schwab dies.

PMID- 6379554
TI  - In vitro protein synthesis using D-amino acids and its evolutionary significance.
AB  - The in vitro incorporations of D-Trp or -Ala into peptides were investigated
      using a crude system. Although none of aminoacylation to the former was observed
      under the present condition, the latter was utilized for peptide synthesis at the
      same rate as the opposite enantiomer. The results of analyzing the peptides
      showed that the peptides, which were synthesized with either D-, L- or DL-Ala as
      the substrate, were composed of mostly similar molecular size. The study of
      incorporations of radioisotopes (14C-D- and 3H-L-Ala) into peptides also
      indicated that D-Ala was by no means inferior to L-Ala for the substrate. Basing
      upon the present experiment, the evolutionary significance for utilizing D-amino
      acids is discussed.

PMID- 6379556
TI  - Genetic code and optimal resistance to the effects of mutations.
AB  - This paper deals with the notion of resistance of the genetic code to the effects
      of mutations. We measure the resistance of a group of t codons as the number of
      pairs of those which differ from each other in only one of their three bases. We
      find for each value of t the maximum possible value of the resistance and we
      describe some groups of codons giving this value. Important examples of such
      configurations are found in the genetic code, among these are the groups of
      synonymous codons, as observed elsewhere, and the cluster of codons which have an
      hydrophobic amino acid for translation.

PMID- 6379555
TI  - The structural periodicity of E. coli ribosomal proteins.
AB  - It is established that the sequences of all different proteins from E. coli
      ribosome as well as two protein biosynthesis initiation factors, two ribosome
      associated DNA-binding proteins, and the elongation factor EF-Tu from the same
      source possess a periodicity expressed more weakly and different from that found
      earlier for a number of proteins representatives of 18 superfamilies. The
      statistical significance of the periodicity observed was checked by comparing the
      area below the periodicity curve of every protein examined with that of computer
      generated sequences having the same amino acid composition and length. The
      results concerning the proteins from small and large ribosomal subunit are
      compared. The conclusions support and supplement the concept about the presence
      of a trend in protein molecular evolution from universal (Gly, Ala) to
      specialized (Phe, Tyr, Trp, Cys) amino acids.

PMID- 6379558
TI  - Towards a classification of E. coli ribosomal proteins: a hypothetical 'small
      ribosome' as a primitive protein-synthesizing apparatus.
AB  - Homologies were searched among the published primary sequences of 51 E. coli
      ribosomal proteins, partly by 'eye' and partly by computer-assisted methods. By
      employing Moore and Goodman's alignment statistics for evaluating homology
      levels, 33 out of these 51 ribosomal proteins has been classified into 9 homology
      groups, some of which being yet tentative and remaining to be further analyzed.
      Taking it into consideration that most ribosomal protein genes are clustered at
      str-stc region, rif region and several other regions, these results strongly
      suggest that most or all of the contemporary ribosomal proteins must have evolved
      by repeated gene duplications of very few (or only one) primitive ancestral
      ribosomal protein gene(s). Thus it is most reasonable to propose that 'a small
      ribosome' consisting of very few (or only one) ribosomal protein(s) must have
      existed as a primitive protein-synthesizing apparatus.

PMID- 6379557
TI  - Origin of the genetic code and specificity of tRNA aminoacylation. A testable
      model.

PMID- 6379559
TI  - The mathematical logic of life.
AB  - Protein synthesis can be likened to a particular coded information storage,
      transmission and execution system. Noise, error or mutations are the essential
      phenomena to which a living organism is subjected. Genetic coding aims at
      preserving the integrity of a structure under aggression from the surroundings.
      It can be shown that the different amino acids translated in the proteins, except
      the particular case of SER, obey a logical code for optimization of resistance to
      mutation effects. The study of the structure of this code allows a better
      comprehension of the logic of life.

PMID- 6379560
TI  - [Recalling the spirit of Markusovszky on the threshold of the 3d millennium].

PMID- 6379561
TI  - [Hygienic conditions in anesthesiology departments and intensive care units (a
      prospective multicentric survey)].

PMID- 6379562
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of persistent fetal circulation].

PMID- 6379563
TI  - [Contribution to the treatment of histiocytosis X].

PMID- 6379564
TI  - [Bertalan Bausner (1629-1682)].

PMID- 6379565
TI  - [Matyas Rozsnyay, pioneer of pharmaceutical technology in Hungary].

PMID- 6379566
TI  - Cardiovascular and haemodynamic responses to tilting and to standing in
      tetraplegic patients: a review.
AB  - This paper has reviewed the acute and long-term responses to changes in vertical
      posture in normal and tetraplegic subjects. It has discussed physiological
      mechanisms causing orthostatic hypotension in acute cervical spinal cord injured
      patients, and subsequent factors contributing to its amelioration over time. The
      long-term adaptive mechanisms are still controversial, probably involving
      multiple neurological, endocrine, renal, cardiovascular and haemodynamic factors.
      These factors include inhibition of vagal tone, plasma catecholamine levels,
      sensitivity of vascular beds to catecholamines, stretch reflexes in blood
      vessels, spinal BP reflexes, renin-angiotensin system, aldosterone and plasma
      volume changes. Individual differences may also interact with these various
      mechanisms, further complicating the issues. Although the fact that most
      tetraplegics do improve their orthostatic tolerance over time with repeated
      tilting is manifest, the precise mechanisms allowing this improvement are not.
      Research is needed to clarify these adaptive mechanisms, as well as to
      investigate the physiological effects of long-term therapeutic standing in
      devices such as standing frames.

PMID- 6379567
TI  - [Effect of the amoxicillin-gentamicin combination in the presence of clavulanic
      acid on 8 strains of amoxicillin-resistant bacteria].
AB  - The in vitro inhibitory activity of a combination of amoxicillin and gentamicin
      was assayed by the microdilution technique in liquid medium on 8 amoxicillin
      resistant strains, with the addition of clavulanic acid at a concentration of 4
      micrograms/ml. A synergistic effect was demonstrated when clavulanic acid was
      added. The FIC index was particularly low for the 2 Staphylococcus aureus strains
      tested (0.19 and 0.25), and slightly higher for the 2 Escherichia coli (0.25 and
      0.5) and 2 Proteus vulgaris (0.5 and 0.5) strains. Synergism was less apparent
      for the 2 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains tested (0.63 and 0.75). Without
      clavulanic acid, a synergistic effect was found on only three strains: one
      Staphylococcus aureus, one Klebsiella and one Proteus. However, the high levels
      of MICs at which these effects were observed preclude the clinical usefulness of
      the association. We conclude that the synergistic effect of the amoxicillin
      gentamicin combination on susceptible strains is confirmed on amoxicillin
      resistant strains when clavulanic acid is added.

PMID- 6379568
TI  - [Comparison of serum and prostatic levels of tobramycin].
AB  - In 19 patients with various prostatic diseases, serum and prostatic tissue levels
      of tobramycin were determined by bioassay and enzyme immunoassay after 1, 3 or 4
      intramuscular injections of 75 mg tobramycin. The last injection was given ninety
      minutes prior to prostatectomy. Mean serum and prostatic tissue levels were
      respectively 3.55 micrograms/ml and 1.70 micrograms/g by bioassay, and 3.55
      micrograms/ml and 2.37 micrograms/g by enzyme immunoassay. There was no
      significant difference in prostatic tissue levels between patients who received 3
      or 4 drug doses and those who received one dose. Prostatic tissue levels were not
      significantly different in adenoma and chronic prostatitis.

PMID- 6379569
TI  - [Changes in antibiotic resistance of organisms isolated from blood cultures in a
      recently built hospital].
AB  - The change in antimicrobial resistance of organisms isolated from blood cultures
      was studied in a university hospital that opened in July 1977 and had 550 beds by
      December 1982. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were studied by an
      automatic microdilution technique. Analysis of MICs in the different groups of
      organisms in relation with time demonstrated no enhancement of resistance during
      these first 5 1/2 years, except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa that became
      significantly more resistant (p less than 0.05) to five of the seven antibiotics
      tested. However, comparison of the two periods July 1977-December 1980 and
      january 1981-December 1982 evidenced a trend towards a decrease in
      Enterobacteriaceae (p. less than 0.001) and increase in P. aeruginosa (p less
      than 0.01) and S. aureus (p less than 0.001). This suggests that the selective
      pressure from hospital use of antibiotics caused no increase in resistance of
      different organisms but rather a modification of their relative frequency.

PMID- 6379571
TI  - [A method for evaluating the activity of antibiotics during the early phase of
      syphilitic infection].
AB  - The aim of our study is to evaluate the activity of antibiotics on Treponema
      pallidum (Tp) in the early stage of syphilis. Serum elimination kinetics for the
      antibiotic under study are first determined in rabbits. Four groups of
      seronegative rabbits are then submitted to intratesticular injection of a
      calibrated inoculum of Tp (Nichols virulent strain). The antibiotic is given
      simultaneously (TO), 3, 6 or 10 days after inoculation. Treated animals, as well
      as a control group of simultaneously infected untreated animals, are monitored
      for physical and serological changes for three months. Every animal is then
      tested according to the techniques of experimental rabbit syphilis to provide
      final conclusions. The technique investigates the direct activity on Tp of given
      serum concentrations of an antibiotic, and therefore the therapeutical
      effectiveness of an agent in a selected dosage. It also allows demonstration of
      sublethal activity on Tp of serum concentrations which are adequate for treating
      other concurrent infections (including STD) but not syphilis.

PMID- 6379570
TI  - [Prophylactic antibiotic therapy with cefamandole in total hip surgery
      replacement using Charnley's tent. A randomized study].
AB  - A randomized study of one-day prophylactic antibiotic therapy in total hip
      arthroplasty was performed in 93 procedures in 84 patients. All patients were
      operated by the same surgeons with use of a clean air system. They were divided
      into two groups: K- without antibiotic, and K+ with intravenous cefamandole, 1.5
      g before incision followed by 1.5 g every four hours up to the 24th postoperative
      hour. Clinical follow up by the surgeons included four examinations within the
      first year. There was no significant difference in age, repartition of sexes or
      acquired physical defects between the two groups. Major deep infections requiring
      revision surgery occurred early in one case in K+ and early in four cases and
      late in one in K6. Nine patients had bilateral hip replacement. Only one
      infection was observed, in the only patient who did not receive cefamandole for
      either procedure. Physical disability had no influence on infection. Microbial
      organisms isolated from deep infection foci were not consistently identical with
      pathogens previously identified in wound drainage fluid. Staphylococcus aureus
      was responsible for 4 of 6 deep infections. One-day prophylactic antibiotic
      therapy by cefamandole decreases the incidence of deep infection at the surgical
      site in total hip arthroplasty with use of a clean air system.

PMID- 6379572
TI  - [Comparative study of 3 methods for quantifying bacterial flora of the hands:
      membrane filtration, agar inclusion and plate culture].
AB  - We report a study comparing three methods of quantifying bacterial flora on
      hands: filtration on a 0.22 mu membrane, pour-plate method, and conventional
      plate culture. Forty samples were taken using Gaschen's bag method with 400 ml of
      buffer solution. The bacteria in each sample were then counted using each method
      in duplicate. By adjusting the size of the sample and the number of dilutions, a
      countable number of colonies was obtained with each method. Culture media, and
      incubation time and atmosphere were the same for all three methods. Results,
      expressed as the log 10 of the number of bacteria per hand for aerobic and
      facultative anaerobic organisms respectively were as follows: membrane filtration
      5.65 +/- 0.72 and 6.02 +/- 0.62; pour-plate 5.81 +/- 0.68 and 5.83 +/- 0.62;
      surface culture 5.80 +/- 0.69 and 5.97 +/- 0.52. None of the differences were
      statistically significant. The three methods were then compared for manipulation
      time, cost, volume of sample required and ease of reading and subsequent
      speciation. Overall, the pour-plate method emerged as the best, especially if
      speciation is required.

PMID- 6379573
TI  - [Verification of the effectiveness of neutralization in the in vivo study of
      antiseptics].
AB  - Well defined controls of the effectiveness of antiseptic neutralizing agents in
      vitro already exist (Afnor Standards for antiseptics and disinfectants).
      Conversely, there is currently no standard method for verifying how effectively
      such agents neutralize antiseptics which have been applied to the skin. We
      describe a method in which the neutralizing solution is first applied to the
      antiseptic-treated skin and then filtered to remove skin flora. The effect of the
      neutralizing agent is then checked using a test organism (Staphylococcus
      epidermidis ATCC 14990) in parallel with four controls: viability of the test
      organism (T1), activity of the untreated antiseptic (T2), non-bactericidal effect
      of the neutralizing agent (T3) and of skin secretions (4). Skin sampling was
      carried out using Gaschen's bag method for the hands and the Williamson and
      Kligman method modified by Fleurette for other sites. Twelve soaps and/or
      antiseptics were studied. In each case, activity of the antiseptic (T2) was
      confirmed, except when the product under study was a non-bactericidal soap.
      Bacterial counts obtained in controls T3 and T4 and in the neutralization test
      itself were always greater than 80% of the control value (T1). Occasionally, the
      counts in the neutralization test exceeded 100% of the T1 value, probably because
      of the dispersal effect of the triton X100 present in the neutralizing solution.
      This method thus offers a means of standardizing the study of antiseptics in
      vivo. In addition, the test organism, Staphylococcus epidermidis, is more
      representative of the skin flora than the bacterial strains recommended by Afnor
      for in vitro studies.

PMID- 6379574
TI  - [Comparison of 2 antiseptic soaps used for preoperative showers].
AB  - This study was carried out in cardiovascular surgery wards and a single operating
      room. Two different antiseptic scrubs, A and B, were used for two showers given
      48 and 24 hours respectively prior to surgery. A scrub (chlorhexidine digluconate
      40 mg/ml) was used in 61 patients and B scrub (benzalkonium chloride 5 mg/ml) in
      52, for a total of 113 participants. Clinical and bacteriological evaluations
      show statistically significant superiority of A scrub.

PMID- 6379575
TI  - [In vitro virucidal activity of antiseptics and disinfectants. I. Draft of the
      AFNOR virucidal activity standard].
AB  - An antiseptic (ATS) or disinfectant (DSF) is defined as virucidal if it produces
      a 10 000-fold (4 log) or greater reduction in the number of infective units (IU)
      of three viral species (Sabin type I poliovirus, type 5 adenovirus, and vaccinia
      virus) and three E. coli bacteriophages (MS2, T2 and phi X174). and three E. coli
      bacteriophages (MS2, T2 and phi X174). Preliminary trials produce viral
      suspensions at concentrations of 10(6) to 10(9) IU/ml, and determine the subtoxic
      dilution "d" of the tested agent, susceptibility of treated cells to the viral
      infection, and antiviral activity termination dilution "D". Actual trials may be
      performed with one of three methods: simple dilution, dilution-ultrafiltration
      reconcentration, or gel column filtration. With these techniques, virucidal
      activity can be determined after a set time of contact (15 to 60 mn) at a given
      temperature (21 degrees C or 37 degrees C) by titrating the viral suspension
      after elimination or neutralization of the ATS or DSF.

PMID- 6379576
TI  - [Effect of a 36-hour fast on blood glucose and insulin responses to the glucose
      stimulus in the normal subject].
AB  - The authors show that it's been able to perform an oral glucose tolerance test on
      subjects after an 36 hrs 'fasting, providing that a feeding with 250 g of
      carbohydrates has been brought on the three days before fasting. Three oGTT were
      performed on 10 normal subjects and carried out as follow: the first after a 3
      days' period of usual food intake, the second after a 36 hours 'fasting, the
      third after a new three days' period with the usual food intake. The first and
      the third glycemic and insulinemic responses to oGTT are not significantly
      different. However, after the third period, weight, triacylglycerolemic rate and
      fasting blood sugar levels are still significantly below the initial values.

PMID- 6379577
TI  - [A new 1-step immunoenzyme sandwich technic. Application to the determination of
      total serum IgE].
AB  - A sandwich enzyme immunoassay by a one step procedure for total IgE in human
      serum is described. This method is a modification of a two steps sandwich
      procedure which uses glutaraldehyde-treated tubes and antibody conjugated with
      peroxidase. The procedure described is characterized by immune reactions
      performed in one step for one hour and by a substrate solution containing
      orthophenylene diamine. The standard-curve is linear between 0 and 12 Ul/tube.
      The coefficient of within-assay ranges from 11,3 to 5% according to the
      concentrations. The coefficient of between-assay is 7,7% for IgE concentration of
      233 kUl/l. In 107 serums, the regression equation and coefficient of correlation
      to another enzyme immunoassay (Phadezym IgE Prist) are: y = 0,89 X + 6,72; r =
      0,98.

PMID- 6379578
TI  - Sudden infant death syndrome: pathology and pathophysiology.
AB  - Sudden infant death syndrome is the most common cause of infant death between the
      ages of 1 week and 1 year of age and accounts for approximately 50 percent of the
      deaths of infants between the ages of 2 and 4 months. The unique age distribution
      and its relationship to sleep particularly characterize SIDS; however, there are
      other factors, such as maternal smoking, male sex, prematurity or low birth
      weight, which place an infant at higher risk of SIDS. Intrathoracic petechiae
      with characteristic microscopic topography are the most frequent pathologic
      finding. However, pulmonary congestive edema and minor microscopic inflammatory
      infiltrates are often seen. Stenotic lesions within the coronary arteries
      supplying the conduction system have been identified in a few SIDS victims;
      however, current evidence favors respiratory dysfunction as the primary mechanism
      of death in most SIDS babies. Based upon pathologic, experimental, and clinical
      observations, an argument can be made that upper airway obstruction, e.g.,
      secondary to obstructive sleep apnea, is one, if not a common, cause of death in
      SIDS. There are cases in which subtle morphologic evidence suggests SIDS
      represents the termination of a chronic hypoxic/hypoxemic disorder such as
      recurrent apnea.

PMID- 6379579
TI  - Hemorrhagic endovasculitis of the placenta: an indepth morphologic appraisal with
      initial clinical and epidemiologic observations.
AB  - A vasodestructive process has been identified within the placenta, which focuses
      on the entire placental vascular tree. Its presence is correlated with
      significant fetal mortality; liveborn infants are growth retarded and frequently
      in distress. Characteristic morphologic features have been identified in
      chorionic vessels of all sizes and these explicit pathologic changes are
      repetitive from case to case. Associated events suggest that hemorrhagic
      endovasculitis of the placenta is a clinicopathologic entity having maximal
      impact on pregnancies of affected patients. A number of accompanying pathologic
      and clinical features would suggest an infectious association or cause. There are
      several known categories of disease which manifest similarity to this placental
      alteration. These include microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, several
      postinfectious states, several known types of vasculitis, and AIDS. Long-term
      studies to gain further insight into this pathologic event are currently underway
      at the Michigan Placental Tissue Registry. These studies include: an
      epidemiologic field investigation with followup on growth and development of
      liveborn infants; data collection and analysis with respect to recurrence,
      geographic distribution, and the clinical course of affected pregnancies. An
      indepth pathologic analysis is ongoing including ultrastructural and
      immunopathologic studies on affected and control placentas. Appropriate
      microbiologic and serologic studies are planned with reference to the infectious
      aspects of this entity we have described. It is hoped that increasing awareness
      of this pathologic process within the placenta, particularly by pathologists,
      will contribute to our understanding of events which are deleterious to
      intrauterine growth and survival.

PMID- 6379580
TI  - Blood alcohol analysis: a comparison of the gas-chromatographic assay with an
      enzymatic assay.
AB  - Ethanol in blood was assayed by 2 currently available procedures: a commercial
      kit enzymatic assay and a gas chromatographic procedure. Both methods were
      performed with commercially available materials and equipment. Results by the 2
      procedures agreed well. For the 192 specimens studied, the correlation
      coefficient was 0.983, and the least-squares values of slope and intercept were
      0.999 and 0.001 g/100 ml respectively. Use of isopropanol or ethanol swabs did
      not affect results of the enzymatic procedure.

PMID- 6379581
TI  - Dermatophytes identified at the Australian National Reference Laboratory in
      Medical Mycology 1966-1982.
AB  - Over a 17 yr period from 1966 to 1982, 4354 dermatophytes were identified at the
      Australian National Reference Laboratory in Medical Mycology. The most frequently
      identified species was Trichophyton rubrum, accounting for 35.3% of
      identifications, followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (26.5%), Trichophyton
      tonsurans (12.8%), Epidermophyton floccosum (10.7%) and Microsporum canis (8.4%).
      Specimens taken from the feet were the most common source of the Trichophyton
      rubrum isolates, followed by specimens from the groin. The highest incidence of
      T. rubrum and other Trichophyton infections was found in males in the age group
      21-30 yr. Microsporum species were most commonly isolated from children aged 10
      yr or less. In 1.5% of specimens, more than one fungal species was isolated. In
      most of these instances a yeast (predominantly Candida species) was found in
      addition to a Trichophyton species.

PMID- 6379582
TI  - Serological tests in the diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis.
AB  - Sera from 44 patients with clinically suspected pulmonary aspergillosis (mainly
      of an allergic type) were examined for antibodies to Aspergillus fumigatus using
      an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and counter-immunoelectrophoresis
      (CIE). Of the sera, 15 were considered to contain Aspergillus antibodies using
      ELISA; 11 of these also contained precipitins by CIE. In no instance was a CIE
      positive serum negative by ELISA. The serum of 1 patient with autopsy-verified
      invasive pulmonary aspergillosis was negative in both tests. Protein-enriched
      antigens derived by ammonium sulphate precipitation of crude hyphal homogenates
      seemed of most use in ELISAs. In addition, 4 of 8 sera obtained from patients
      with possibly invasive candidosis also revealed significant levels of Aspergillus
      antibody by ELISA (but not CIE). All of the 8 sera contained readily detectable
      Candida precipitins by CIE. Problems of potential cross-reactivity obviously need
      careful consideration with ELISAs. Our results suggest that ELISA procedures
      under appropriately controlled conditions are more sensitive than CIE for
      detecting Aspergillus antibodies. However it seems that some patients with
      invasive aspergillosis will be antibody-negative even with sensitive tests such
      as ELISA.

PMID- 6379583
TI  - Serratia marcescens in a newborn unit--microbiological features.
AB  - During a 12 mth period in a newborn unit (NBU), Serratia marcescens was isolated
      from 3 fatal cases of meningitis, 5 cases of septicemia, 5 of pneumonia, 4 or
      urinary tract infection and 15 of conjunctivitis. At the peak of the outbreak a
      95% incidence of rectal colonization with S. marcescens was observed in the NBU.
      Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of sodium dodecylsulphate disrupted Serratia
      (SDS-PAGE) established that all isolates were identical.

PMID- 6379584
TI  - Serological diagnosis and post-operative surveillance of human hydatid disease.
      II. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using various antigens.
AB  - The ELISA using a urease conjugated antibody and 3 antigen preparations was
      examined for sensitivity and specificity in hydatid diagnosis. Four groups of
      sera tested were: 80 samples from patients with confirmed hydatid infection; 51
      latex agglutination test (LA) +ve and immunoelectrophoresis test (IEP) -ve sera
      from patients with miscellaneous symptoms or disorders other than hydatid
      disease; 195 'normal' sera from healthy donors; 115 sera from persons infected
      with other parasites. Antigens tested included crude sheep hydatid cyst fluid
      (CSHCF), CSHCF partially purified by salt fractionation (PPSHCF) and CSHCF
      purified by sequential affinity chromatography depletion with rabbit anti-sheep
      IgG, 3EgH 29-2 anti-Echinococcus monoclonal antibody and 'normal' sheep Ig
      (ADSHCF). All 3 antigens showed high sensitivity in detecting antibody in serum
      from hydatid-infected patients, and gave excellent discrimination between these
      samples and the LA +ve IEP -ve sera and the 'normal' sera. Cross-reactions
      occurred with antibodies in the sera of patients with other parasitic infections,
      especially other larval cestodes and filarial parasites. Superior specificity was
      achieved with both CSHCF and ADSHCF, and ADSHCF reacted only with a single serum
      sample from an E. multilocularis patient. It was concluded that a combination of
      ELISA and IEP was useful for the diagnosis of hydatid disease, that ELISA at a
      single dilution could be useful as a screening test where other larval cestode
      infections were not prevalent and that ELISA was not of value for post-operative
      surveillance.

PMID- 6379585
TI  - [Histological profile, histogenesis and biological assessment of clear-cell
      microcarcinoma of the prostate].

PMID- 6379586
TI  - Bronchiectasis in childhood.
AB  - Although bronchiectasis is relatively uncommon, it should be considered in a
      child with any of the following findings that persist: infiltrate on x-ray cough,
      purulent sputum, crackles or harsh breath sounds on auscultation of the chest, or
      hemoptysis. It is very likely that a pediatrician will encounter one or more
      children with this condition. This article deals with the pathogenesis,
      diagnosis, and treatment of bronchiectasis in childhood.

PMID- 6379587
TI  - Sleep-associated airway problems in children.
AB  - Several of the most common and most important sleep-associated airway problems
      are discussed, including obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, gastroesophageal
      reflux and nocturnal aspiration, spasmodic croup, nocturnal asthma, and sleep
      hypoxemia in chronic lung disease, and guidelines are offered for the often
      difficult diagnosis and for treatment.

PMID- 6379588
TI  - Immunologic mechanisms in pulmonary disease.
AB  - This article reviews some concepts about the organization of the immune system
      and the immunopathologic mechanisms of hypersensitivity. This is followed by a
      discussion of the effect of excessive or inappropriate immunologic resources on
      the respiratory tract.

PMID- 6379589
TI  - Direct fluorescent monoclonal antibody stain for rapid detection of infant
      Chlamydia trachomatis infections.
AB  - A method of direct fluorescent antibody staining for rapid diagnosis of Chlamydia
      trachomatis infections in infants is described. This method utilized a
      fluorescein-conjugated species-specific monoclonal antibody to C trachomatis for
      detecting chlamydial elementary bodies in smears of the conjunctiva, nasopharynx,
      oropharynx, anus, and vagina. The sensitivity of direct fluorescent antibody
      staining was compared with isolation of the organisms in McCoy cells. Thirty-nine
      infants with purulent conjunctivitis were studied. Diagnosis of C trachomatis
      conjunctivitis was correctly made by smear in all 16 infants when inflamed eyes
      were sampled. Positive smears were obtained from 12/14 culture-positive and 4/16
      culture-negative nasopharyngeal specimens from infants with chlamydial
      conjunctivitis. All nasopharyngeal cultures and smears from infants with
      nonchlamydial conjunctivitis were negative. These results indicate that the
      direct smear test is a sensitive and specific test for diagnosing C trachomatis
      infection of the eye and nasopharynx in infants, and this test can be completed
      within one hour of specimen collection.

PMID- 6379590
TI  - Effects of kidney transplantation on cognitive performance in a pediatric
      population.
AB  - The cognitive functioning of 20 children and adolescents with end-stage renal
      disease was assessed 1 to 3 weeks prior to the onset of hemodialysis, and at 1
      month and 1 year after successful kidney transplantation, and results were
      compared with those of a matched control group. A battery of intelligence,
      achievement, problem solving, learning, memory, and attention tasks were
      administered. Both groups had significantly improved scores over time on most
      measures. The group with renal disease exhibited significantly greater
      improvement than the control group from initial testing to 1 month after
      transplantation on the performance IQ and full-scale IQ as well as in mathematics
      achievement. This significant difference was not maintained, however, at 1 year
      after transplantation. Cognitive performance was less impaired the later the
      onset of renal failure or the fewer the years in end-stage renal disease. BUN
      nitrogen, serum creatinine levels, and BP did not consistently correlate with any
      of the cognitive or academic achievement measures.

PMID- 6379591
TI  - American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases: Revision of
      recommendation for use of rifampin prophylaxis of contacts of patients with
      Haemophilus influenzae infection.

PMID- 6379592
TI  - [Hypercoagulative disorders of hemostasis and the disseminated intravascular
      coagulation syndrome (etiology and pathogenesis)].

PMID- 6379593
TI  - Effect of levamisole on cell sensitivity in rats with experimental Heymann's
      nephritis.
AB  - The development of cell-sensitization to renal antigen in rats with experimental
      Heymann's glomerulonephritis and the effect of levamisole on cell sensitivity
      have been studied. Morphologic changes in GN rats appeared after 14 days and were
      most pronounced on days 21-28, with focal proliferation of glomerular cells, an
      increase of mesangium, a focal increase of the basal membrane material. After day
      49 the changes improved slightly and were still the same on day 147 when a
      location of IgG to the glomerular basal membrane was detected. In every GN rat,
      cell-sensitivity to renal antigen was revealed from day 21 of the experiment till
      its end. Levamisole treatment decreased renal morphologic changes and abolished
      cell-sensitivity to renal antigen. The possible mechanisms of preventing the
      development of cell-sensitization in rats treated with levamisole are discussed.

PMID- 6379594
TI  - Effect of different prostaglandin analogues on gastric acid secretion and mucosal
      blood flow in the dog: action on stimulated and resting mucosa.
AB  - The effect of PG-E2, 16-16-DMPGE2, PG-F2 alpha and PG-I2 was investigated on
      histamine stimulated and resting canine gastric mucosa. PG-F2 alpha had no effect
      on mucosal circulation or acid secretion. PG-E2 and 16-16-DMPGE2 showed an
      increasing effect on blood flow of the resting mucosa. PG-E2, 16-16-DMPGE2 and PG
      I2 decreased of acid secretion; the effect seemed to be due to a direct action on
      the parietal cells.

PMID- 6379595
TI  - [Mental retardation linked to the fragile X. Still questions...].

PMID- 6379596
TI  - A note on the suitability of 'dip slides' for the microbiological examination of
      water and aqueous non-sterile pharmaceutical preparations.
AB  - The suitability of four brands of dip slides for the examination of purified
      water was studied. Especially when used in combination with a calibrated
      inoculating device reliable results were obtained. The usefulness for this
      purpose of the selective media present on three of the four brands is
      questionable, unless a previous resuscitation technique has been applied.

PMID- 6379597
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of digital subtraction angiography for cerebral and cervical
      lesions].

PMID- 6379598
TI  - [Construction of a digital subtraction angiography vessel phantom and
      experimental study on resolution].

PMID- 6379600
TI  - H1a, an E. coli DNA-binding protein which accumulates in stationary phase,
      strongly compacts DNA in vitro.
AB  - We characterize a component of the E. coli bacterial nucleoid H1a, which
      accumulates in stationary phase. This protein, identical with the major component
      of a plasmid-protein complex previously isolated in our laboratory, has a pI
      close to 7.5. Acrylamide gel electrophoresis and sedimentation in sucrose
      gradient have shown that the protein H1a induces significant compaction into DNA.
      This compaction is equivalent to that observed in nucleosome core although it
      introduces only a slight change in linking number. In addition, the structural
      change induced in the lactose L8UV5 promoter by H1a results in the decrease in
      the kinetic of formation of the open complex with RNA polymerase.

PMID- 6379602
TI  - Separation of chromosomal DNA molecules from yeast by orthogonal-field
      alternation gel electrophoresis.
AB  - A simple agarose-gel apparatus has been developed that allows the separation of
      DNA molecules in the size range from 50 kb to well over 750 kb, the largest size
      for which size standards were available. The apparatus is based on the recent
      discovery that large DNA molecules are readily fractionated on agarose gels if
      they are alternately subjected to two approximately orthogonal electric fields.
      The switching time, which was on the order of 20-50 sec in our experiments, can
      be adjusted to optimize fractionation in a given size range. The resolution of
      the technique is sufficient to allow the fractionation of a sample of self
      ligated lambda DNA into a ladder of approximately 15 bands, spaced at 50 kb
      intervals. We have applied the technique to the fractionation of yeast DNA into
      11 distinct bands, several of which have been shown by DNA-DNA hybridization to
      hybridize uniquely to different chromosome-specific hybridization probes. In this
      paper, we describe the design of the apparatus, the electrophoretic protocol, and
      the sample-handling procedures that we have employed.

PMID- 6379601
TI  - Cloning and expression analysis of full length mouse cDNA sequences encoding the
      transformation associated protein p53.
AB  - We have cloned and sequenced overlapping cDNA fragments which together encode the
      entire mouse protein p53. Using these cDNA's we have reconstructed the full
      length coding region for the protein, and have analysed its coding potential by
      expression in vitro, both as a full length sequence and as a subfragment
      contained in a fusion protein. The predicted amino acid sequence contains no
      obvious homologies to any known oncogenes but includes a possible tyrosine kinase
      acceptor site.

PMID- 6379599
TI  - Compilation of published signal sequences.

PMID- 6379603
TI  - The yeast linear DNA killer plasmids, pGKL1 and pGKL2, possess terminally
      attached proteins.
AB  - The terminal structures of linear DNA killer plasmids from yeast, pGKL1 and
      pGKL2, were analyzed. Results obtained by exonuclease treatments of these
      plasmids show that both pGKL plasmids have free hydroxyl 3'-ends and blocked 5'
      ends. Electrophoretic analysis of the terminal restriction fragments treated with
      proteases revealed that pGKL1 and pGKL2 have proteins bound at 5'termini and that
      the terminal protein of pGKL1 is distinct from that of pGKL2. This is the first
      linear DNA-terminal protein association found in yeast.

PMID- 6379605
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the rpoA-rplQ DNA of Escherichia coli: a second regulatory
      binding site for protein S4?
AB  - The "alpha-operon" of E.coli is a unit of regulation comprising the following
      known genes, mostly encoding ribosomal proteins (in order of transcription, and
      with their products named in brackets): rpsM (S13), rpsK (S11), rpsD (S4), rpoA
      (alpha-subunit of RNA polymerase), rplQ (L17). There is evidence that S4 tightly
      regulates all of these genes, except rpoA, by repressing translation of the
      polycistronic mRNA. Binding of S4 to the S13 start-site is thought to regulate
      the first three genes. We have extended the 'rpsD-rpoA' sequences previously
      determined by others, to include all of rpoA and rplQ. The rpoA-rplQ
      intercistronic region shows strong primary, and potential secondary structural
      homologies with the S4-binding sites on 16S rRNA and S13 mRNA. We suggest that S4
      represses L17 translation directly.

PMID- 6379604
TI  - The nucleotide sequence of the uvrD gene of E. coli.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of a cloned section of the E. coli chromosome containing
      the uvrD gene has been determined. The coding region for the UvrD protein
      consists of 2,160 nucleotides which would direct the synthesis of a polypeptide
      720 amino acids long with a calculated molecular weight of 82 kd. The predicted
      amino acid sequence of the UvrD protein has been compared with the amino acid
      sequences of other known adenine nucleotide binding proteins and a common
      sequence has been identified, thought to contribute towards adenine nucleotide
      binding.

PMID- 6379606
TI  - Two major sequence classes of ribosomal RNA genes in Plasmodium berghei.
AB  - Primary sequence differences have been found between two different ribosomal DNA
      (rDNA) units of the rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium berghei, within the
      coding areas of both the small and large ribosomal RNAs (rRNA). The coding
      regions of rDNA unit A are protected from nuclease S1 digestion by rRNA isolated
      from asexual blood stage parasites. Under the same conditions of analysis, the
      comparable coding regions from unit C are cut into small pieces by nuclease S1,
      the largest being 1.1 kb. Analysis of heteroduplexes of the respective DNA clones
      from units A and C by electron microscopy reveals that the two units differ in
      the 5' flanking and internal transcribed sequences and that there are extensive
      sequence differences in the DNA coding for the mature large rRNA. No introns were
      detected in either rDNA unit. The data shows that unit A is transcribed in blood
      stage parasites and that unit C is not.

PMID- 6379607
TI  - Leg ulcers. Two. A new lease of life.

PMID- 6379608
TI  - [Value of computerized tomography in the diagnosis of orbital changes in Graves
      Basedow disease].

PMID- 6379609
TI  - [Value of radiological examination in endosseous alloplastic frame implants for
      dental prosthesis].

PMID- 6379610
TI  - [Radiological changes in multifocal eosinophilic granuloma].

PMID- 6379611
TI  - [Progression and dedifferentiation in unifocal and multifocal forms of
      eosinophilic granuloma].

PMID- 6379613
TI  - [Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in the visualization of internal organs].

PMID- 6379612
TI  - [Visualization of the pancreas by ultrasonics. Diagnostic technic and ultrasonic
      anatomy of the gland].

PMID- 6379614
TI  - [Place and role of ultrasonics among other methods of organ visualization].

PMID- 6379615
TI  - [Information on the state and utilization of nuclear medicine centers].

PMID- 6379616
TI  - [Perspectives of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging in medical diagnosis].

PMID- 6379617
TI  - [Alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphism in the Warsaw population].

PMID- 6379618
TI  - [Effect of bezafibrate on disorders of lipid metabolism].

PMID- 6379619
TI  - [Ethylene glycol poisoning].

PMID- 6379620
TI  - [Effect of the serum of patients with an active form of pulmonary sarcoidosis on
      the biological activity of lymphocytes and leukocytes of healthy persons].

PMID- 6379621
TI  - [Bone marrow transplantation in malignant proliferative hematologic diseases].

PMID- 6379622
TI  - [Indications for music therapy in psychosomatic diseases].

PMID- 6379623
TI  - [Diet therapy of acute renal failure].

PMID- 6379624
TI  - A study on renal papillary necrosis experimentally produced by the Shwartzman
      mechanism in rabbits.
AB  - To produce renal papillary necrosis experimentally by means of the Shwartzman
      mechanism in rabbits, E. coli endotoxin was injected into the renal pelvis
      unilaterally through the ureter as a preparative procedure after pretreatment by
      local administration of alcohol, and the same endotoxin was given again 24 hours
      later, but intravenously this time via the ear vein, as a provocation. Marked
      necrosis was produced in the renal papillae, where many intravascular fibrin
      thrombi were found histologically. Such papillary necrosis was largely prevented
      by heparin administration, and this lesion was considered to be the univisceral
      Shwartzman reaction occurring in the renal papillae. The lesion produced in the
      new experimental system of renal papillary necrosis described here has a good
      similarity to that of human cases in etiology, pathogenesis and morphology. The
      present system may therefore be a good model of human renal papillary necrosis,
      and should be useful for future studies.

PMID- 6379625
TI  - Dermis ageing.
AB  - On ageing major changes within connective components of the dermis can be seen:
      collagen looses its regular and fascicular appearance, while ground substance
      increases, elastic material decreases and the fibroblast cell population becomes
      "at rest". The resulting dermal ageing is different according to individuals and
      is related to genetic back ground and exposition to multiple aggressions. This
      review presents these changes of the superficial dermis and the role of
      fibroblasts in the conservation of the connective tissue integrity.

PMID- 6379626
TI  - Pharmacokinetic data have rhythms: are they important?
AB  - Large literature is available to support the statement that both pharmacokinetics
      and the susceptibility of any biosystem to drugs depend on the body's biological
      rhythms as well in animals as in man. There are rhythmic alterations in the drug
      bioavailability, metabolic processes, excretion, receptor sensitivity and
      pharmacologic action with peaks separated by around 24 h (i.e. circadian
      rhythms). In medical practice majority of the orally applicable drugs are usually
      administered according to the scheme "3 times daily". The arguments to administer
      the drug in dosi refracta are weak and validity of this formula in modern-day
      medicine with respect to pharmacokinetics and chronobiology will be discussed.

PMID- 6379627
TI  - Osteoporosis--a problem of bone formation?

PMID- 6379628
TI  - Non-atheromatous causes of cerebral infarction.

PMID- 6379629
TI  - Cimetidine therapy does not prevent rebleeding from peptic ulceration.
AB  - One-hundred and five patients admitted to hospital with symptoms of acute upper
      gastrointestinal haemorrhage shown at endoscopy to be due to peptic ulceration
      were entered into a prospective double-blind controlled trial of cimetidine
      versus placebo therapy. The trial therapy was commenced within 12 hr of admission
      and continued for 7 days. Cimetidine therapy made no difference to the
      transfusion requirements, rebleeding rate or number of operations performed in
      patients with either gastric or duodenal ulcers, nor was it of benefit in
      patients aged over 65 years of age.

PMID- 6379630
TI  - A comparison of beclomethasone dipropionate aqueous nasal spray and
      beclomethasone dipropionate pressurized nasal spray in the management of seasonal
      rhinitis.
AB  - Forty patients with seasonal rhinitis and a proven sensitivity to pollens were
      studied for 2 weeks during the pollen season of 1982. The study was carried out
      according to a double-blind, double-dummy design. All patients received 100
      micrograms beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) into each nostril twice daily (400
      micrograms/day) on a randomized basis, from either the aqueous nasal spray or the
      pressurized nasal spray (Beconase Nasal Spray). Analysis of patients' symptom
      scores, additional symptomatic medication and physicians' assessment indicated
      that both treatments were equally effective in controlling the symptoms of
      seasonal rhinitis. Any adverse events reported were considered to be clinically
      insignificant. BDP aqueous nasal spray was therefore found to be an effective and
      acceptable therapy in the management of seasonal rhinitis.

PMID- 6379632
TI  - The development of a laboratory in general practice.

PMID- 6379631
TI  - Paradoxical lipodystrophic changes due to conventional bovine and highly purified
      porcine/bovine insulins.
AB  - A 78-year-old woman developed marked insulin lipoatrophy due to conventional
      bovine insulin injected into the upper limbs. Changing to a combination of highly
      purified porcine/bovine insulins injected into the lower limbs resulted in the
      opposite effect, namely insulin-induced lipohypertrophy. Use was then made of
      this effect by injecting the highly purified insulins into the atrophied upper
      limb injection sites with resultant improvement in these wasted areas over the
      next 10 months.

PMID- 6379633
TI  - Ketotifen in hay fever and allergic rhinitis.

PMID- 6379634
TI  - [Clinical trial with rifampicin i.v. 300 and 600 in tuberculosis patients].

PMID- 6379635
TI  - [Clinical trial of a pediatric oral sustained-release theophylline preparation].

PMID- 6379636
TI  - [Cobalamin-protein compounds of bacterial origin (a review)].
AB  - Main types of cobalamin-protein compounds from microorganisms are discussed. The
      first chapter of the review describes low-molecular weight cobalamin-protein
      complexes and their functional role in the bacterial cells. In the following
      chapters some structural peculiarities of B12-dependent enzymes and the nature of
      cobalamin-protein bounds are discussed. Possible ways for the practical use of
      cobalamin-protein compounds of microorganisms are under consideration.

PMID- 6379637
TI  - [Fumarate hydratase activity of various Escherichia coli strains].
AB  - The fumarate hydratase activity of intact cells was determined for 36 strains of
      Escherichia coli, receiver from the All-Union Collection of Microorganisms, to
      reveal a producer of L-malic acid. A research was made to find optimal media for
      cultivating microorganisms possessing the fumarate hydratase activity.
      Spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods were chosen to detect malic acid
      in the complete reaction mixture, which are available for kinetic study of the
      malic acid synthesis from potassium fumarate.

PMID- 6379638
TI  - [Isolation and properties of an extracellular proteinase of Staphylococcus
      aureus].
AB  - Serine proteinase splitting the peptide bonds which are formed by carboxyl groups
      of dicarboxylic amino acids was isolated from the supernatant of the
      Staphylococcus aureus culture liquid. It is similar to the enzyme isolated by
      Drapeau from Staphylococcus aureus strain V8 in its specifidity, molecular
      weight, amino acid composition, existence of two pH optima (pH 4.6 and 8.2). But
      there are some differences between the two proteinase in the content of
      dicarbonic amino acid residues. It was found that the enzyme can exist in two
      molecular forms.

PMID- 6379639
TI  - Survival with end-stage renal disease.

PMID- 6379640
TI  - Strategies to forestall morbidity and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease.

PMID- 6379641
TI  - Detecting protein-DNA interactions in vivo: distribution of RNA polymerase on
      specific bacterial genes.
AB  - We present an approach for determining the in vivo distribution of a protein on
      specific segments of chromosomal DNA. First, proteins are joined covalently to
      DNA by irradiating intact cells with UV light. Second, these cells are disrupted
      in detergent, and a specific protein is immunoprecipitated from the lysate.
      Third, the DNA that is covalently attached to the protein in the precipitate is
      purified and assayed by hybridization. To test this approach, we examine the
      cross-linking in Escherichia coli of RNA polymerase to a constitutively
      expressed, lambda cI gene, and to the uninduced and isopropyl beta-D
      thiogalactoside (IPTG)-induced lac operon. As expected, the recovery of the
      constitutively expressed gene in the immunoprecipitate is dependent on the
      irradiation of cells and on the addition of RNA polymerase antiserum. The
      recovery of the lac operon DNA also requires transcriptional activation with IPTG
      prior to the cross-linking step. After these initial tests, we examine the
      distribution of RNA polymerase on the leucine operon of Salmonella in wild-type,
      attenuator mutant, and promoter mutant strains. Our in vivo data are in complete
      agreement with the predictions of the attenuation model of regulation. From these
      and other experiments, we discuss the resolution, sensitivity, and generality of
      these methods.

PMID- 6379642
TI  - Ribonuclease T: new exoribonuclease possibly involved in end-turnover of tRNA.
AB  - Examination of double mutants lacking one of the exoribonucleases, RNase II,
      RNase D, RNase BN, or RNase R, and also devoid of tRNA nucleotidyltransferase has
      suggested that none of these RNases participates in the end-turnover of tRNA.
      This prompted a search for and identification of a new exoribonuclease, termed
      RNase T. RNase T could be detected in mutant Escherichia coli strains lacking as
      many as three of the known exoribonucleases, and it could be separated from each
      of the four previously described RNases. RNase T is optimally active at pH 8-9
      and requires a divalent cation for activity. The enzyme is sensitive to ionic
      strengths greater than 50 mM and is rapidly inactivated by heating at 45 degrees
      C. Its preferred substrate is tRNA-C-C-[14C]A, with much less activity shown
      against tRNA-C-C. RNase T is an exoribonuclease that initiates attack at the 3'
      hydroxyl terminus of tRNA and releases AMP in a random mode of hydrolysis. The
      possible involvement of RNase T in end-turnover of tRNA and in RNA metabolism in
      general are discussed.

PMID- 6379643
TI  - Neuronal influence on glial enzyme expression: evidence from mutant mouse
      cerebella.
AB  - The developmentally regulated enzyme sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH;
      EC 1.1.1.8) is characteristically present in relatively high levels in mature
      Bergmann glia of the mouse cerebellum. Preliminary studies identified several
      neurological mouse mutants with reduced glial enzyme activity.
      Immunohistochemical examination of GPDH expression in three mutants (lurcher,
      nervous, and Purkinje cell degeneration) revealed a positive correlation between
      glial enzyme expression and Purkinje cell presence. Whereas GPDH immunoreactivity
      appears normal in Bergmann glia from all three mutants at early times,
      immunoreactivity diminishes fairly rapidly after Purkinje cell loss, first in the
      Bergmann glia somas and then in the processes. Loss of immunoreactivity is
      uniform throughout the cerebellar cortex in lurcher and Purkinje cell
      degeneration where the entire Purkinje cell populations die. In nervous mice, in
      which some Purkinje cells survive, GPDH immunoreactivity is patchy throughout the
      cortex; it is present only where Purkinje cells remain. In contrast, Bergmann
      fibers appear uniformly distributed throughout the cortex of mutant cerebella, as
      demonstrated by immunostaining for the presence of glial filaments. This
      observation suggest that the loss of GPDH immunoreactivity is not a result of
      glial cell death. These results support the idea that GPDH expression in Bergmann
      glia depends upon their sustained interaction with adjacent Purkinje cells.

PMID- 6379644
TI  - Phosphoproteins are components of mitotic microtubule organizing centers.
AB  - Protein phosphorylation has been suggested as an important control mechanism for
      the events leading toward the initiation and completion of mitosis. Using a
      monoclonal antibody recognizing a class of phosphoproteins abundant in mitotic
      cells, we demonstrated the localization of a subset of these phosphoproteins to
      several discrete mitotic structures. Patchy immunofluorescence was present in the
      interphase nuclei, but a significant increase in nuclear immunofluorescence was
      apparent at prophase. Subsequent mitotic stages demonstrated that immunoreactive
      material was particularly apparent at microtubule organizing centers, namely,
      centrosomes, kinetochores, and midbodies. Intense centrosomal localization
      occurred at the prophase-prometaphase transition and persisted until the
      reformation of the nuclear membrane in early G1. The cytoplasm of mitotic cells
      also contained immunoreactive material in sharp contrast to interphase cells that
      exhibited no cytoplasmic fluorescent staining. Much of the diffuse
      immunofluorescent cytoplasmic material was removed by a brief lysis of the cells
      with 0.15% Triton X-100 prior to fixation. The localization of the remaining
      immunoreactive material after detergent lysis to mitotic microtubule organizing
      centers suggests that they contain phosphoprotein structural components
      important, perhaps, in the mitotic phase-interphase transition.

PMID- 6379645
TI  - Spontaneous and mutagen-induced deletions: mechanistic studies in Salmonella
      tester strain TA102.
AB  - Salmonella tester strain TA102 carries the hisG428 ochre mutation on the
      multicopy plasmid pAQ1. DNA sequence analysis of 45 spontaneous revertants of
      hisG428 on the chromosome in the presence of pKM101 (strain TA103) indicates that
      hisG428 revertants fall into three major categories: (i) small, in-frame
      deletions (3 or 6 base pairs) that remove part or all of the ochre triplet; (ii)
      base substitution mutations at the ochre site; (iii) extragenic ochre
      suppressors. Deletion revertants are identified in a simple phenotypic screen by
      their resistance to the inhibitory histidine analog thiazolealanine, which
      feedback inhibits the wild-type hisG enzyme but not the enzyme resulting from the
      deletions. The effect of various genetic backgrounds on the generation of
      spontaneous deletion revertants was examined. The error-prone repair system
      encoded in the pKM101 plasmid markedly increased the frequency of total
      spontaneous reversion events in all genetic backgrounds except recA but did not
      affect the frequency of spontaneous deletion revertants in any background except
      polA. The presence of a polA mutation increased the frequency of spontaneous
      deletion revertants by 2-fold in the absence of pKM101 and by 20-fold with
      pKM101. The presence of a uvrB mutation or a recA mutation suppressed the
      generation of spontaneous deletion revertants to approximately 1/2.5. When
      hisG428 was in multiple copies on pAQ1, the frequency of spontaneous deletion
      revertants increased by 40-fold, which is the approximate copy number of pAQ1.
      Mutagenic agents that induce single-strand breaks in DNA (e.g., x-rays,
      bleomycin, and nalidixic acid) induced deletion revertants in TA102. These agents
      induced deletion revertants only in hisG428 on pAQ1 and only in the presence of
      pKM101. Deletion revertants were not induced by frameshift mutagens (i.e., ICR
      191 and 9-aminoacridine). These results indicate that different pathways exist
      for the generation of spontaneous and mutagen-induced deletion revertants of
      hisG428.

PMID- 6379646
TI  - Identification and characterization of a monoclonal antibody to an antigen
      expressed on activated macrophages.
AB  - A hybridoma clone secreting a monoclonal antibody, designated MA158.2, that
      reacts with an antigen expressed on lymphokine-treated macrophages was produced
      by fusion of mouse myeloma cells with rat spleen cells immunized against C57BL/6
      peritoneal macrophages rendered tumoricidal in vitro by incubation with the
      lymphokine macrophage-activating factor. The specificity of the antibody for
      activated macrophages and lack of reactivity with histologically diverse cell
      types was determined by radioimmune indirect binding and flow cytometry. MA158.2
      antibody binds to mouse peritoneal macrophages elicited by nonspecific
      inflammatory agents and to tumoricidal macrophages elicited with Corynebacterium
      parvum. Resident peritoneal, splenic, and alveolar macrophages were only weakly
      positive. Several macrophage cell lines (P388D1, WEH1-231, J774, RAW 264.7),
      murine fibroblasts, and neutrophils did not bind detectable amounts of MA158.2.
      Radioimmune indirect binding analysis demonstrated that cell suspensions prepared
      from C57BL/6 mouse spleen, thymus, and lymph node as well as polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes, lymphocytes, and T- and B-cell murine lymphomas were MA158.2
      negative. Expression of the reactive antigen on the macrophage cell surface was
      enhanced 3-fold following in vitro activation of elicited macrophages with
      macrophage-activating factor and the kinetics of activation to the tumoricidal
      state paralleled the increased expression of the antigen recognized by MA158.2.
      MA158.2 is a rat IgG2a antibody containing a single specific heavy and light
      chain that does not detect a polymorphic determinant. This monoclonal antibody
      will be a useful tool for monitoring the efficacy of agents in activating murine
      macrophages to the tumoricidal state and in analyzing the sequence of biochemical
      events that culminate in macrophage activation.

PMID- 6379647
TI  - Molecular analysis of the recF gene of Escherichia coli.
AB  - We analyzed the nucleotide sequence of a 1.325-kilobase region of wild-type
      Escherichia coli containing a functional recF gene and six Tn3 mutations that
      inactivate recF. The analysis shows a potentially translatable reading frame of
      1071 nucleotides, which is interrupted by all six insertions. A protein of 40.5
      kilodaltons would result from translation of the open reading frame, and a
      radioactive band of protein of an apparent molecular weight of approximately 40
      kilodaltons was seen by the maxicell method using a recF+ plasmid. Putative
      truncated peptides were seen when two recF::Tn3 mutant plasmids were used.
      Differential expression of dnaN and recF from a common promoter was noted.
      recF332::Tn3 was transferred to the chromosome where, in hemizygous condition, it
      produced UV sensitivity indistinguishable from that produced by two presumed recF
      point mutations.

PMID- 6379648
TI  - Multiple joined genes prevent product degradation in Escherichia coli.
AB  - A method is described that allows the expression of a stable human proinsulin
      product in Escherichia coli as encoded by either a fused or an unfused gene
      construction. In the fused system, the human proinsulin coding sequence is joined
      to the 3' side of a fragment containing the lac promoter and the coding sequence
      for a small part of the NH2 terminus of beta-galactosidase. In the unfused
      system, the proinsulin coding sequence is linked directly to a fragment
      containing the Tac promoter followed by a bacterial Shine-Dalgarno sequence. In
      both systems, the human proinsulin product is too unstable to be detected by
      NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or even pulse-chase analysis.
      However, when multiple copies of the proinsulin coding sequence are tandemly
      linked such that the resultant protein product contains multiple copies of the
      proinsulin domain, the stability of the product is markedly increased in both the
      fused and the unfused expression systems. In the unfused system, three tandemly
      linked proinsulin polypeptide domains are required for stabilization, whereas two
      proinsulin domains plus the bacterial leader protein enhance stability in the
      fused system. The polypeptide product of a multiple copy proinsulin gene can be
      cleaved into single proinsulin units by cyanogen bromide treatment.

PMID- 6379649
TI  - Intramolecular dislocation of the COOH terminus of the lac carrier protein in
      reconstituted proteoliposomes.
AB  - A dodecapeptide corresponding to the carboxyl terminus of the lac carrier of
      Escherichia coli was synthesized, coupled to thyroglobulin, and the conjugate was
      used to generate site-directed polyclonal antibodies. The antibodies react with
      the carboxyl-terminal peptide and with the lac carrier protein, while monoclonal
      antibody 4B1 reacts with intact lac carrier protein, but not with the carboxyl
      terminal peptide. Antibody 4B1 binds preferentially to right-side-out membrane
      vesicles relative to inside-out vesicles, confirming the presence of the 4B1
      epitope on the periplasmic surface of the membrane. Alternatively, anti-carboxyl
      terminal antibody binds preferentially to inside-out vesicles, demonstrating that
      the carboxyl terminus of the lac carrier protein is on the cytoplasmic surface.
      Surprisingly, both antibodies bind to proteoliposomes reconstituted with purified
      lac carrier protein, and quantitative binding assays indicate that the epitopes
      are equally accessible. When proteoliposomes containing purified lac carrier
      protein are digested with carboxypeptidases A and B, binding of anti-carboxyl
      terminal antibodies decreases by greater than 80%, while binding of antibody 4B1
      and various transport activities remain essentially unchanged. It is suggested
      that during reconstitution, the lac carrier protein undergoes intramolecular
      dislocation of the carboxyl terminus with no significant effect on its catalytic
      activity.

PMID- 6379650
TI  - Identification of 17 beta-estradiol as the estrogenic substance in Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae.
AB  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae possesses a high-affinity estrogen binding protein and
      an endogenous ligand that displaces [3H]estradiol from both the yeast binding
      protein and mammalian estrogen receptors. Semipurified preparations of this
      ligand have been shown to exhibit estrogenic activity in mammalian systems. We
      now describe the purification procedure and ultimate identification of the
      estrogenic substance in extracts of S. cerevisiae as 17 beta-estradiol. Organic
      solvent extracts of commercially obtained dried yeast were sequentially
      chromatographed on silica gel columns and then subjected to a series of reversed
      phase HPLC fractionations. Active ligand was monitored by [3H]estradiol
      displacement in a rat uterine cytosol assay. After seven chromatography steps,
      the purified and highly active ligand exhibited a single peak with retention
      times identical to those of 17 beta-estradiol on both HPLC and GC. The yeast
      material was identified as 17 beta-estradiol by its UV absorbance and mass
      spectrometric fragmentation pattern. In addition, radioimmunoassay confirmed the
      presence of approximately the same mass of 17 beta-estradiol (approximately equal
      to 800 ng/1.5 kg of yeast) as estimated both by a competitive binding assay with
      estrogen receptor and by mass spectrometry. Extraneous contamination by estradiol
      was excluded by repeat experiments with different batches of starting material
      and demonstration of estradiol by RIA in conditioned medium and cell pellets of
      laboratory-grown S. cerevisiae whereas non-conditioned medium did not possess the
      steroid. We conclude that 17 beta-estradiol is a yeast product.

PMID- 6379651
TI  - Protein differentiation: a comparison of aspartate transcarbamoylase and
      ornithine transcarbamoylase from Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of aspartate transcarbamoylase (carbamoylphosphate:L
      aspartate carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.1.3.2) has been compared with that of
      ornithine transcarbamoylase (carbamoylphosphate:L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase,
      EC 2.1.3.3). The primary sequence homology is 25-40%, depending upon the
      alignment of homologous residues. The homologies are incorporated into discrete
      clusters and are interrupted by regions of length polymorphism. The most striking
      homologies correspond to regions putatively involved in the binding of the common
      substrate, carbamoyl phosphate. Chou-Fasman predictive analysis [Chou, P. Y. &
      Fasman, G. D. (1974) Biochemistry 13, 211-222; 222-245] indicates substantial
      conservation of secondary structural elements within the two enzymes, even in
      regions whose primary sequence is quite divergent. The results reported herein
      demonstrate that the two enzymes, aspartate transcarbamoylase and ornithine
      transcarbamoylase, share a common evolutionary origin and appear to have retained
      similar structural conformations throughout their evolutionary development.

PMID- 6379653
TI  - Muramyl dipeptide-induced enhancement of phagocytosis of antibiotic pretreated
      Escherichia coli by macrophages.
AB  - Treatment of mice with muramyl dipeptide, a known immunoadjuvant, resulted in
      marked augmentation of the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages
      incubated in vitro with Escherichia coli. Even greater phagocytosis occurred when
      the E. coli were pretreated for 2 hr with subinhibitory concentrations of the
      semisynthetic penicillins cyclacillin or ampicillin, but not penicillin G to
      which they were resistant. The antibiotic-pretreated E. coli were more rapidly
      ingested by the macrophages derived from MDP-treated mice as compared to similar
      cells from normal mice. Optimum augmentation of phagocytosis of untreated or
      antibiotic-pretreated E. coli occurred 2 to 3 days after administration of MDP to
      the mice. Similar augmentation of phagocytosis occurred by treating cultures of
      peritoneal macrophages from normal mice in vitro with MDP prior to incubation
      with the antibiotic-pretreated bacteria. These results indicate that macrophages
      from MDP stimulated mice interact with antibiotic-pretreated bacteria to a
      greater extent than with untreated E. coli, resulting in increased phagocytosis
      and killing of the bacteria.

PMID- 6379652
TI  - Construction and genetic characterization of temperature-sensitive mutant alleles
      of the yeast actin gene.
AB  - Two temperature-sensitive mutations have been constructed in the single actin
      gene (ACT1) of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by in vitro mutagenesis of the
      cloned gene followed by integrative transformation of mutagenized DNA into yeast
      cells. A strategy of allele replacement was used that allowed recessive mutations
      to be phenotypically expressed in the initial transformants, thus simplifying the
      screening of large numbers of independently transformed cells. After confirming
      that several ts mutations were located within the actin structural gene by
      genetic methods, these mutant alleles were cloned, and the altered amino acid
      residues were defined by DNA sequence analysis. The two unique mutations resulted
      in substitution of proline-32 with leucine and alanine-58 with threonine. In the
      course of isolating these mutations, the observation was made that a high
      proportion of yeast cells transformed with exogenous DNA by the spheroplast
      method are temperature sensitive for growth because of genetic changes unrelated
      to the transforming DNA.

PMID- 6379655
TI  - "Myelophrenia": its contribution to the management of aplastic anemia.

PMID- 6379654
TI  - Hypotensive response to prostacyclin and 6-keto-PGE1 following hepatectomy in the
      rat.
AB  - Prostacyclin (PGI2) is metabolized to 6-keto-prostaglandin E1 (6-keto-PGE1) which
      is more stable yet equipotent to PGI2 in lowering systemic arterial blood
      pressure in the dog. In this study, partial hepatectomy was performed to
      determine the role of the liver in the vasodepressor response to both
      intravenously administered PGI2 and 6-keto-PGE1. The magnitude and the duration
      of systemic hypotensive responses were measured in hepatectomized and sham
      operated male Wistar rats following less than maximal, equidepressor doses of
      PGI2 (0.3 microgram/kg), 6-keto-PGE1 (1.0 microgram/kg), and also PGE1 (3.0
      micrograms/kg) and PGE2 (3.0 micrograms/kg). Hepatectomy did not significantly
      alter the magnitude of the systemic hypotensive response to any of the
      prostaglandins tested. This indicates that the liver and hepatic circulation do
      not contribute significantly to the hypotensive effect of these prostaglandins by
      alterations of systemic vascular resistance, venous pooling of blood, or the
      generation of additional vasoactive metabolites as may be expected following
      administration of these prostaglandins. However, hepatectomy did significantly
      increase the duration of the hypotensive response to PGI2 and 6-keto-PGE1 but not
      PGE1 or PGE2. We conclude that in vivo, the liver has a more significant role in
      PGI2 and 6-keto-PGE1 inactivation than in the inactivation of PGE1 and PGE2 when
      administered intravenously. These results also support the relatively greater
      significance of the lung in the inactivation of PGE1 and PGE2 in vivo.

PMID- 6379656
TI  - Soluble factors in aplastic anemia with hemolymphopoietic activity.

PMID- 6379657
TI  - The regulation of hemopoietic cell development by the stromal cell environment
      and diffusible regulatory molecules.

PMID- 6379658
TI  - T-derived colony-inhibiting activity (Td/CIA) in aplastic anemia (SAA) and in
      normal donors.

PMID- 6379659
TI  - Hematological sequelae of diffuse fasciitis.

PMID- 6379660
TI  - Antithymocyte and antilymphocyte globulins: clinical trials and mechanism of
      action.

PMID- 6379661
TI  - Treatment of aplastic anemia: results with bone marrow transplantation,
      antithymocyte globulin, and a monoclonal anti-T cell antibody.

PMID- 6379662
TI  - A controlled prospective trial of antithoracic duct lymphocyte globulin (ATDLG)
      for treatment of severe aplastic anemia.

PMID- 6379663
TI  - Treatment of severe aplastic anemia: a prospective study of antilymphocyte
      globulin versus bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 6379664
TI  - Immunosuppressive therapy of severe aplastic anemia.

PMID- 6379665
TI  - Treatment of severe aplastic anemia with high-dose methylprednisolone and
      antilymphocyte globulin.
AB  - Fifty patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) were treated with
      immunosuppressive regimens consisting of high-dose 6-methylprednisolone (HD-6MPr)
      followed by or given in combination with anti-lymphocyte globulin (ALG). Eighteen
      of 50 patients given one course of immunosuppression (IS) showed a response, as
      defined by self-sustaining peripheral blood counts, with no further need for
      transfusions; 8 of 27 and 2 of 7 patients given, respectively, two or three
      courses of IS responded. The overall response rate was 28 of 50 (56%). Seventeen
      patients died, 5 are alive but pancytopenic. The actuarial six-year survival is
      currently 65%. The following prognostic factors on admission were significantly
      associated with response to IS: 1) age over 30 years (P = .005), 2) a short
      interval from diagnosis to treatment (P = .03), 3) a small number of transfusions
      before treatment (P = .004). The sex of the patient, the number of transfusions
      before treatment, and the number of CFU-c from unfractionated as well as from T
      depleted bone marrow had no significant influence on response to IS. After one
      month from IS, however, patients responding to IS had a significantly (P = .01)
      higher number of CFU-c on T-depleted marrow cells, compared with nonresponders.
      The present study confirms that over 50% of patients with SAA can be successfully
      treated with IS. Older patients, with a short interval from diagnosis to
      treatment and with rapid recovery of CFU-c growth on T-depleted marrow, have the
      best chance for autologous hematopoietic reconstitution.

PMID- 6379666
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation for aplastic anemia.

PMID- 6379668
TI  - Aplastic anemia and stem cell biology.

PMID- 6379669
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anemia following preparation with
      cyclophosphamide and total lymphoid irradiation.

PMID- 6379667
TI  - Marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anemia: the Seattle experience.

PMID- 6379670
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation in severe aplastic anemia using cyclophosphamide and
      thoracoabdominal irradiation.

PMID- 6379671
TI  - Treatment of aplastic anemia.

PMID- 6379673
TI  - Implications of a proliferative limitation on hematopoietic stem cells.

PMID- 6379672
TI  - Differentiation and proliferative kinetics of hemopoietic stem cells in culture.

PMID- 6379674
TI  - Diversity in normal and leukemic hemopoiesis.

PMID- 6379675
TI  - Factors and hemopoiesis: Pandora's box revisited.

PMID- 6379676
TI  - There is no correlation between vitamin K dependent coagulant content and
      clinical effectiveness of activated and standard factor IX complex concentrates.

PMID- 6379677
TI  - A clinical trial of prostaglandin E2 to increase erythropoiesis in anemia of end
      stage renal disease. A preliminary report.
AB  - Prostaglandin E2 is known to stimulate erythropoiesis by different mechanisms. A
      clinical trial of prostaglandin E2 to stimulate erythropoiesis in four patients
      with anemia of end stage renal disease resulted in an increment in peripheral
      blood Burst Forming Units-Erythroid (BFU-E). This increase in erythroid
      progenitors returned to baseline with cessation of therapy. A significant
      increase in serum erythropoietin (EPO) activity was demonstrated in one patient
      and was noticeable in another. Side effects mainly consisted of local pain at the
      site of the infusion and vomiting.

PMID- 6379678
TI  - A comparison of indoprofen and indomethacin in the treatment of ankylosing
      spondylitis.
AB  - A double-blind, crossover trial was carried out to compare the effectiveness and
      tolerance of indoprofen with indomethacin in the treatment of ankylosing
      spondylitis. Nineteen patients entered the study and 1 was withdrawn for reasons
      unrelated to therapy. Patients received 4-weeks' treatment in random order, with
      200 mg indoprofen 4-times daily and 25 mg indomethacin 4-times daily. Most
      subjective and objective clinical measurements of disease activity showed a
      comparable degree of improvement with either drug although few statistically
      significant changes were observed. There was no statistically significant
      difference between treatments and, although gastro-intestinal side-effects
      occurred more commonly with indoprofen, patients known to be intolerant of
      indomethacin had been excluded from this trial.

PMID- 6379679
TI  - A multi-centre study of sulindac versus naproxen in the treatment of elderly
      osteoarthritic patients.
AB  - Ninety-five geriatric patients with osteoarthritis of the hip and/or knee were
      entered into an open parallel group study of sulindac (400 mg/day) and naproxen
      (500 mg/day), both given in twice-daily regimens. Patients received the drugs for
      12 weeks. Both drugs produced improvements in the patients' overall condition.
      There were no statistically significant differences between the effects of the
      two drugs. Overall, both drugs proved beneficial and well tolerated.

PMID- 6379680
TI  - Mechanism-based enzyme inactivators.

PMID- 6379681
TI  - Heparin and the atherosclerotic process.

PMID- 6379682
TI  - The pharmacology of cerebral vasospasm.
AB  - About 3 days after subarachnoid hemorrhage the cerebral blood vessels often
      undergo a sustained constriction (cerebral vasospasm) which is associated with
      increased morbidity and mortality. Examination of the literature suggests that
      interactions of hemoglobin, various prostaglandins, and perhaps some other agents
      are responsible for this condition, which is apparently associated with
      endothelial damage or other structural changes. The most promising therapy
      involves treatment with calcium antagonists.

PMID- 6379683
TI  - Cell cycle effects of alkylating agents.

PMID- 6379684
TI  - Liposomes as drug carriers in cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 6379685
TI  - A kinetic model of regulation of the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pool
      composition.

PMID- 6379686
TI  - Cellular and molecular effects of adriamycin on dividing and nondividing cells.

PMID- 6379687
TI  - Methods for the detection and assessment of antiarrhythmic activity.

PMID- 6379688
TI  - Inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase by alpha-(N)-heterocyclic carboxaldehyde
      thiosemicarbazones.

PMID- 6379689
TI  - Image subtraction by solid state electroradiography.
AB  - An analog radiographic image subtraction technique is presented. A selenium
      photoconductor is used as the radiation sensitive medium and image subtraction is
      achieved by electrostatically adding latent images of opposite polarities to get
      a latent image of the region of interest. In principle, the technique is simple
      and a comparison with commercial digital techniques shows a similar image
      quality, suggesting that the electrostatic subtraction technique could be
      developed into a clinical tool as an inexpensive alternative to digital
      radiography.

PMID- 6379690
TI  - Fundamentals of acute burn care and physical therapy management.
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to discuss general treatment guidelines for treating
      patients with acute burns and to review pathophysiology of acute burn injuries. I
      will discuss skin composition briefly, give a review of acute burn
      pathophysiology and medical treatment, outline the psychological factors physical
      therapists should consider when working with these patients, and discuss physical
      therapy for the patient with acute burns. Physical therapy for patients with
      burns has become a specialty as knowledge of burn injuries increases. I have
      attempted to review physical therapy burn knowledge for inexperienced clinicians
      beginning to treat patients with acute burns.

PMID- 6379691
TI  - Intrinsic phosphorescence from proteins in the solid state.

PMID- 6379692
TI  - Photoreactivation of UV-killing in Vibrio parahaemolyticus WP28.

PMID- 6379693
TI  - Rich growth medium enhances ultraviolet radiation sensitivity and inhibits cell
      division in ssb mutants of Escherichia coli K-12.

PMID- 6379694
TI  - Mutagenic and recombinogenic effects of DNA cross-links induced in yeast by 8
      methoxypsoralen photoaddition.

PMID- 6379695
TI  - Photobiological activity of 4-methylpsoralen and 4-methyl-4',5'-dihydropsoralen
      with respect to lethal and mutagenic effects on E. coli, and prophage induction.

PMID- 6379696
TI  - Sodium azide affects methylene blue concentration in Salmonella typhimurium and
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

PMID- 6379698
TI  - Effect of UV light on humans.

PMID- 6379697
TI  - UV-carcinogenesis.

PMID- 6379699
TI  - Physiology at Jefferson Medical College (1842-1982).

PMID- 6379700
TI  - A retrospective look through the camera of Fred A. Hitchcock.

PMID- 6379701
TI  - The archives of the American Physiological Society.

PMID- 6379702
TI  - Simulated laboratory for teaching cardiac mechanics.

PMID- 6379703
TI  - Sex differences in shock motivated behaviors, activity, and discrimination
      learning of northern grasshopper mice (Onychomys leucogaster).
AB  - Sex differences in the behavior of the highly predatory northern grasshopper
      mouse (Onychomys leucogaster) were investigated in a series of eight experiments.
      Female mice acquired two-way avoidance behavior more slowly, but passive
      avoidance more rapidly, than males. Females also buried a shock probe more
      completely than males and showed more escape behavior during open field testing.
      There were no sex differences in flinch-jump thresholds or escape from electric
      shock, general activity levels, or acquisition and reversal of a position
      discrimination. It is suggested that the sex differences in aversively motivated
      behavior result from an increased tendency of females to respond defensively to
      focal sources of aversive stimuli. The enhanced defensiveness of females may be
      an adaptation to higher levels of pup predation resulting from the large
      territories required by their predatory specialization and their association with
      other, more abundant, rodent species.

PMID- 6379704
TI  - Characteristics of insulin-induced hyperphagia in the golden hamster.
AB  - Two experiments were performed to investigate in some detail the behavioural and
      metabolic effects of the administration of regular insulin to golden hamsters. In
      Experiment 1 dose-response curves describing the effects of insulin upon both
      food intake and plasma glucose (PG) were generated. Dosages of less than 20
      units/kg did not cause increases in food intake, while dosages of 10 units/kg or
      greater produced significant hypoglycemia at +6 hr post-injection. There was also
      a significant inverse linear relationship (r = -.528) between individual
      hamsters' food intakes and PG levels over the range of insulin dosages. In
      Experiment 2, insulin (30 units/kg) caused increases in meal frequency but not in
      meal size, and hyperphagia developed within +3 hr of insulin administration. When
      food was not available, insulin caused PG levels to fall below control levels at
      +1 hr and to remain depressed until at least +6 hr post-injection. However when
      hamsters were allowed to eat, PG did not fall significantly below control levels
      until +3 hr and began to recover at +5 hr post-injection. Results are discussed
      in relation to several apparent peculiarities in the hamster's behavioural
      response to regular insulin, specifically the small magnitude and the slow
      development of insulin-induced hyperphagia, and the hamster's relative
      insensitivity to the hyperphagic effect of insulin.

PMID- 6379705
TI  - Meal initiation controlled by learned cues: effects of peripheral cholinergic
      blockade and cholecystokinin.
AB  - Sated animals can be induced to initiate meals by exposing them to external
      stimuli which they have learned, via Pavlovian conditioning, to associate with
      food. This study examined physiological properties of this control of feeding.
      The initial hypothesis examined was that conditioned feeding depended on the
      elaboration of cholinergic cephalic phase responses (e.g., anticipatory insulin
      secretion). This idea was evaluated by comparing feeding responses to
      presentation of conditioned cues following an injection of either a peripheral
      cholinergic blocker, atropine methyl nitrate, or a control substance,
      physiological saline. Peripheral cholinergic blockade had no effect on the meal
      initiated by presentation of conditioned cues even though the dose of atropine
      methyl nitrate used was demonstrated to be sufficient to completely suppress
      cholinergic cephalic phase responses. These results indicate that cholinergic
      anticipatory digestive secretions do not contribute to feeding in this
      preparation. The effects of exogenously administered cholecystokinin on feeding
      controlled by learned cues were also studied. Cholecystokinin suppressed the size
      of the meal induced by presentation of conditioned stimuli but did not influence
      the latency, or initial rate of eating. The implications of these results to a
      conclusion that cholecystokinin is a satiety factor are discussed.

PMID- 6379706
TI  - 2-DG-induced glucopenia does elicit feeding in rats with lesions of the zona
      incerta.
AB  - Rats with lesions of the rostral zona incerta (ZI) were maintained on either a
      palatable liquid diet or Purina Laboratory Chow and tested for their ability to
      respond to acute cellular glucoprivation. Food intake was measured at two-hour
      intervals during a six-hour feeding test following the administration of either 2
      deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) or insulin (4 U/rat). ZI-lesioned
      rats maintained on the liquid diet responded vigorously both to 2-DG and insulin
      induced glucopenia. In contrast, ZI-lesioned animals consuming chow failed to
      augment feeding following 2-DG administration, although they did increase food
      intake as a function of insulin administration. These data suggest that dietary
      factors play an important role in the feeding responses of ZI-lesioned animals
      and must be considered when drawing conclusions about feeding behavior in brain
      damaged animals.

PMID- 6379707
TI  - Exercise training and breathing control in patients with chronic airflow
      limitation.

PMID- 6379709
TI  - [35 years have passed. The School of Nursing in Chelm].

PMID- 6379708
TI  - An investigation into the effects of exercise tolerance training on patients with
      chronic airways obstruction.

PMID- 6379710
TI  - The use of mini-Gal plasmids for rapid incompatibility grouping of conjugative R
      plasmids.
AB  - The galactose operon of Escherichia coli K-12 has been used as a phenotypic
      marker for miniplasmids derived in vitro from R plasmids representing six
      incompatibility groups. This has enabled the development of a rapid
      incompatibility typing scheme in which the miniplasmids are used as
      incompatibility exemplars, their presence in strains being monitored on galactose
      fermentation indicator media.

PMID- 6379711
TI  - Expression in Escherichia coli of cryptic tetracycline resistance genes from
      bacteroides R plasmids.
AB  - The putative clindamycin resistance region of the Bacteroides fragilis R plasmid
      pBF4 was cloned in the vector R300B in Escherichia coli. This 3.8-kb EcoRI D
      fragment from pBF4 expressed noninducible tetracycline resistance in E. coli
      under aerobic but not anaerobic growth conditions. The fragment does not express
      tetracycline resistance in Bacteroides, a strict anaerobe. The separate
      tetracycline resistance transfer system in the Bacteroides host strain V479-1 has
      no homology to the cryptic determinant on pBF4. In addition, this aerobic
      tetracycline resistance determinant is not homologous to the three major plasmid
      mediated tetracycline resistance regions found in facultative gram-negative
      bacteria, represented by R100, RK2, and pBR322. A similar cryptic tetracycline
      resistance fragment was cloned from pCP1, a separate clindamycin resistance
      plasmid from Bacteroides that shares homology with the EcoRI D fragment of pBF4.
      This study identifies cryptic drug resistance determinants in Bacteroides that
      are expressed when inserted into an aerobically growing organism.

PMID- 6379712
TI  - Nerve regeneration through synthetic biodegradable nerve guides: regulation by
      the target organ.
AB  - The successful regeneration of a multifascicular, complete peripheral nerve
      through a tubular synthetic biodegradable nerve guide across a gap of 10 mm in
      the rat sciatic nerve is reported. The importance of the distal nerve as a source
      of target-derived neuronotrophic factors necessary for the successful
      regeneration of the proximal regenerating nerve is emphasized. A simplified
      research model for further investigation into and manipulation of the biological
      processes of nerve regeneration is described. The potential clinical utilization
      of this model in the management of peripheral nerve injuries and, ultimately,
      central nervous system lesions is mentioned.

PMID- 6379713
TI  - "Malignant" contracture of the eye socket.
AB  - A new method for reconstruction of "malignant" contracture of the eye socket is
      described using a simple procedure based on the principle of epithelial inlay.
      The lining consists of a free skin graft. No cumbersome external appliances for
      the prevention of contraction of the graft are used; hence the hospitalization is
      minimized. The results have been satisfactory.

PMID- 6379714
TI  - A new version of the trapezius osteomyocutaneous flap for reconstruction of the
      lateral wall of the orbit and the malar region.
AB  - The author reports a new variety of trapezius osteomyocutaneous flap that
      contains the medial border of the shoulder blade and the innermost quarter of the
      scapular spine. This flap was successfully applied in reconstruction of the
      lateral orbital wall and malar compound along with the surrounding soft parts.

PMID- 6379715
TI  - Fritz Steinmann and the pin that bears his name.

PMID- 6379716
TI  - Present status of geriatric psychiatry.

PMID- 6379717
TI  - Towards a rational drug usage in a state institution for retarded individuals.

PMID- 6379718
TI  - Hydroxyzine for acute treatment of agitation and insomnia in organic mental
      disorder.

PMID- 6379719
TI  - Retrospective program evaluation.

PMID- 6379720
TI  - Psychotherapy and the fear of change.

PMID- 6379721
TI  - An integrated approach to agoraphobia.

PMID- 6379722
TI  - Problems of eastern refugees and immigrants: adaptational problems of Vietnamese
      refugees Part IV.

PMID- 6379723
TI  - Mental health services for refugees and immigrants.

PMID- 6379724
TI  - Hemispheric asymmetry and bilateral electrodermal recordings: a review of the
      evidence.

PMID- 6379725
TI  - Should we use fluoride to treat osteoporosis? A review.

PMID- 6379726
TI  - The effect of renal transplantation with a minimal steroid regime on uraemic
      hypertriglyceridaemia.
AB  - We have studied the lipid and associated biochemical indices in 18 renal
      transplant patients maintained on an alternate day prednisolone regime. At an
      average 27 months following transplantation serum lipids were not significantly
      different from normals despite some renal impairment in the transplant
      recipients. In addition the blood sugar and plasma immunoreactive insulin levels
      were elevated in transplanted patients. The intravenous fat tolerance test
      (IVFTT) was not found to be different from that of normals. In some patients
      IVFTT was performed before and after transplantation and it was shown that K2
      (fractional removal rate of Intralipid) improved from abnormal to normal values.
      Thus, it has been demonstrated that previously abnormal lipid levels can return
      to normal after transplantation and this may be related to alternate day steroid
      regimes. Impaired removal of triglyceride seen in chronic renal failure is
      improved by transplantation.

PMID- 6379728
TI  - Utilization of instant closeup photography for the esthetic improvement of
      multiple full coverage restorations.

PMID- 6379727
TI  - The iconography of the dental profession (J. Seward Johnson, Jr).

PMID- 6379729
TI  - [Clinical comparison of 6 prosthesis cleaning systems, of which 4 are the soaking
      type].

PMID- 6379730
TI  - [RAST-O-PAN, an advance in implantology?].

PMID- 6379731
TI  - [Production steps in the small laboratory].

PMID- 6379732
TI  - Is DNA damage the signal for induction of thermal resistance? induction by
      radiation in yeast.
AB  - Yeast, as well as higher eukaryotes, are induced to increase thermal resistance
      (thermotolerance) by prior exposure to a heat stress. Prior exposure to an acute
      dose of either 60Co gamma or 254-nm ultraviolet radiation, at sublethal or
      fractionally lethal doses, is shown to cause a marked increase in the resistance
      of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to killing by heat. Following a radiation exposure,
      thermal resistance increased with time during incubation in nutrient medium, and
      the degree of resistance reached was proportional to the dose received. Partial
      induction by radiation followed by maximum induction by heat did not produce an
      additive response when compared to a maximum induction by heat alone, suggesting
      that the same process was induced by both heat and radiation. Irradiation with
      254-nm uv light followed by an immediate, partial photoreversal of the pyrimidine
      dimers with long-wavelength uv light resulted in a reduced level of resistance
      compared to cells not exposed to the photoreversal light, indicating that the
      cells specifically recognized pyrimidine dimers as a signal to increase their
      thermal resistance. Exposure to 254-nm uv or ionizing radiation induced thermal
      resistance in mutants defective in either excision repair (rad3, uv-sensitive) or
      recombinational repair (rad52, gamma-sensitive), suggesting that recognition and
      repair of DNA damage by these systems are not a part of the signal which
      initiates an increase in resistance to heat. The amount of induction, per unit
      dose, was greater in the DNA repair-deficient mutants than in the wild-type
      cells, suggesting that an increase in the length of time during which damage
      remains in the DNA results in an increase in the effectiveness of the induction.
      These data indicate that types of DNA damage as diverse as those produced by
      ionizing radiation and by ultraviolet light are recognized as a signal by the
      yeast cell to increase its thermal resistance. It is therefore suggested that
      heat-induced alterations in DNA or in DNA-dependent chromosomal organization may
      be the signal for heat induction of thermotolerance in this and other eukaryotes.

PMID- 6379733
TI  - Computed tomography of the kidney.
AB  - Computed tomography has had a dramatic impact on the practice of uroradiology.
      The transverse image plane and excellent density differentiation allow more
      accurate diagnoses and often preclude the necessity for more invasive diagnostic
      tests or surgery. Refinements in equipment and diagnostic techniques promise
      further improvements in diagnosis and disease monitoring.

PMID- 6379734
TI  - Renal ultrasonography 1984: a practical overview.
AB  - Renal sonography is quite sensitive, although experience has demonstrated its
      lack of specificity. The abnormal renal sonogram should therefore suggest several
      differential possibilities. This article addresses the strengths and limitations
      of renal ultrasound. Although renal ultrasound was once thought to be tissue
      specific in many instances, this has not proved to be true. It is thus incumbent
      on the sonographer to interpret the findings in light of the overall clinical
      setting and to recommend other imaging modalities as appropriate for confirmation
      of the final diagnosis.

PMID- 6379735
TI  - Optimizing work-up of adult hypertensive patients for renal artery stenosis.
      Observations about hypertensive urography, digital subtraction arteriography, and
      patient selection.
AB  - To optimize the use of digital subtraction arteriography in the evaluation of
      hypertensive patients, the use of this diagnostic test should be linked to the
      treatment choice of surgery. To accomplish this, the patient selection criteria
      for digital arteriography should be the same as those used to select patients for
      surgical correction of renal artery stenosis with a high likelihood of surgical
      cure.

PMID- 6379736
TI  - Digital imaging of the kidney.
AB  - In this article, various aspects of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) are
      reviewed, including equipment and imaging methods; clinical results in the
      investigation of hypertension, hematuria, and renal masses, for evaluation of
      renal transplant donors and recipients, and for post-therapeutic evaluation;
      adjunctive nephropyelography; renal functional imaging; solutions to problems in
      performing renal DSA; and future considerations.

PMID- 6379737
TI  - Percutaneous nephrostomy.
AB  - This article highlights the indications, techniques, and complications of
      percutaneous nephrostomy. The authors' comments are based on their experience
      with more than 200 patients.

PMID- 6379738
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of pyonephrosis.
AB  - This article examines current radiologic imaging and interventional techniques
      used in the diagnosis and initial treatment of pyonephrosis. Included is a review
      of all pyonephrotic series published in the English literature since 1970.
      Although the authors found that two thirds of pyonephrotic kidneys are still
      removed at surgery, there is an increasing emphasis on preservation of renal
      function. Percutaneous nephrostomy provides an excellent tool for drainage of pus
      and determination of residual renal function prior to definitive surgery.

PMID- 6379739
TI  - Diagnosis of adrenal disorders.
AB  - This article considers the various imaging modalities that can be used in the
      diagnosis of adrenal disorders and their relative role in the evaluation of
      specific adrenal disorders. Modalities discussed include abdominal radiography,
      nephrotomography, ultrasound, computed tomography, arteriography, venography,
      adrenal venous sampling, radioisotope scanning, and nuclear magnetic resonance.
      Disorders dealt with include Cushing's disease, pheochromocytoma, primary
      aldosteronism, neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma, sympathogonioma, and nonfunctioning
      adrenal tumors.

PMID- 6379740
TI  - [Computed tomography in orthopedic radiology].
AB  - CT offers specific advantages in the evaluation of complex spine trauma and
      pelvic injuries, particularly to evaluate fractures of the acetabulum. Spinal
      stenosis and lumbar disc herniation are conclusively demonstrated by CT and
      lumbar myelography thus becomes superfluous. Femoral and tibial torsion may be
      estimated with high accuracy by CT. CT is of definite value in the evaluation of
      bone neoplasms, and chronic inflammatory diseases of the spine and pelvic bones,
      especially for the determination of the tumor extent and soft-tissue pathology.

PMID- 6379741
TI  - New diagnostic modalities in the diagnosis of primary and recurrent giant-cell
      tumors of bone.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) and/or digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were
      performed on four patients with primary or recurrent giant-cell tumor of bone. In
      three cases presented, the tumor was examined with CT and had a precontrast
      attenuation value of about +50 to +65 HU with unequivocal nonhomogeneous contrast
      enhancement. In both cases in which DSA was used, contrast-medium enhancement
      could be recorded by DSA that had definitely not been seen with conventional
      angiography. It is suggested that in the future CT and DSA may replace
      conventional angiography in the diagnostic workup of giant-cell tumors.

PMID- 6379742
TI  - [Should contrast media be used in CT studies of cerebral infarct?].
AB  - The value of contrast enhancement for the diagnosis of the ischemic brain infarct
      is discussed critically. In some publications there were hints to possible
      deterioration of the clinical prognosis of patients with brain infarcts if
      contrast medium had invaded into the brain parenchyma. The pathophysiological
      base is briefly discussed. The leading idea is the restrictive use of the
      contrast medium. Our opinions of different publications are controversial, and
      therefore useless for the diagnostic consequences. We have gained by working out
      detailed rules for the indication of a intravasal contrast application in
      patients with brain infarcts.

PMID- 6379743
TI  - Extravascular lung water: effects of using ionic contrast media at varying levels
      of left atrial pressure and during myocardial ischemia.
AB  - Intravenous injections of ionic contrast media are widely used in the performance
      of radiographic techniques. The effects of ionic contrast media on lung water are
      unclear in the setting of elevated left atrial pressure, particularly in the
      presence of myocardial ischemia. In this study, we examined the effects of bolus
      injections of intravenous sodium meglumine diatrizoate (Renografin 76, 1 ml/kg,
      injected at 20 ml per second) on measures of extravascular lung water (EVLW) at
      several levels of left atrial pressure and in the presence of myocardial
      ischemia. Bolus injections of Renografin 76 produced significant increases in
      EVLW, with similar mean peak increases of approximately 26% EVLW at low (initial
      pressure less than 3 mm Hg), moderate (approximately 15 mm Hg), and elevated left
      atrial pressures (approximately 25 mm Hg). At matched pressures, the peak change
      in EVLW in the ischemic dogs was +45%, +60%, and +70%, respectively (all P less
      than .001 vs. the nonischemic dogs). Thus, use of intravenous ionic media
      precipitated acute transient increases in lung water, which were exaggerated by
      myocardial ischemia. While the effects were time limited in this experimental
      model, caution is advised in using intravenous ionic media in patients who have
      left ventricular dysfunction, particularly if underlying ischemia is present.

PMID- 6379744
TI  - Interventional radiologic procedures in the renal transplant.
AB  - Percutaneous interventional procedures can be valuable in the evaluation and
      treatment of urologic complications of renal transplantation. Thirty-three
      patients underwent percutaneous procedures, including relief of obstruction by
      catheter nephrostomy, diagnostic antegrade pyelography with Whitaker testing,
      aspiration of various fluid collections (lymphocele, hematoma, urinoma, and
      abscess), and renal artery angioplasty, during a three year period at three
      institutions, to provide temporizing treatment and anatomic data. Surgical
      intervention was sometimes avoided, but more often it could be deferred to allow
      the patient to stabilize prior to surgery. Complications that required surgery
      occurred in two patients.

PMID- 6379745
TI  - Digital tomosynthesis: technique modifications and clinical applications for
      neurovascular anatomy.
AB  - Digital tomosynthesis studies (DTS) using a linear tomographic motion can provide
      good quality clinical images when combined with subtraction angiotomography. By
      modifying our hardware system and the computer software algorithms, we were able
      to reconstruct tomosynthesis images using an isocentric rotation (IR) motion.
      Since this is the motion used by C-arm and U-arm angiographic units, these
      modifications allow for the use of DTS studies in most modern angiographic suites
      at a reasonable cost. Applying a combination of linear tomographic and IR
      techniques in clinical cases, we performed DTS studies in six patients, five with
      aneurysms and one with a hypervascular tumor. The results showed detailed
      definitions of the pathologic entities and the regional neurovascular anatomy.
      Based on this early experience, DTS would seem to be a useful technique for the
      preoperative surgical planning of vascular abnormalities.

PMID- 6379746
TI  - Hybrid intravenous digital subtraction angiography of the carotid bifurcation.
AB  - A hybrid digital subtraction angiography technique and noise-reduction algorithm
      were used to evaluate the carotid bifurcation. Temporal, hybrid, and reduced
      noise hybrid images were obtained in right and left anterior oblique projections,
      and both single- and multiple-frame images were created with each method. The
      resulting images were graded on a scale of 1 to 5 by three experienced
      neuroradiologists. Temporal images were preferred over hybrid images (average
      score = 3.2 and 2.4, respectively). The percentage of nondiagnostic examinations,
      as agreed upon by two readers, was higher for temporal alone than temporal +
      hybrid (4 and 1, respectively). In addition, also by agreement between two
      readers, temporal + hybrid images significantly increased the number of
      bifurcations seen in two views (87%) compared to temporal subtraction alone
      (64%).

PMID- 6379748
TI  - Iopamidol and Conray 60: comparison in superselective angiography.
AB  - Iopamidol (280 mgI/ml) was compared with Conray 60 (iothalmate meglumine, 282
      mgI/ml) during selective and superselective cerebral arteriography. Twelve
      patients were examined, and a total of 51 selective injections were compared.
      Iopamidol produced significantly less pain and burning than Conray 60 and caused
      no patient motion.

PMID- 6379747
TI  - Tomosynthesis applied to digital subtraction angiography.
AB  - This extension of our previous work on tomographic digital subtraction
      angiography (DSA) describes the theory of tomosynthetic DSA image reconstruction
      techniques. In addition to developing the resolution limits resulting from x-ray
      exposure length and image intensifier field curvature, we describe one method of
      image formation and show tomosynthetic DSA images of animal and human anatomy.
      Methods for improving the present technique are discussed.

PMID- 6379749
TI  - Retrovirus in adult T-cell leukemia.

PMID- 6379750
TI  - Frog virus 3: a DNA virus with an unusual life-style.

PMID- 6379751
TI  - Measles virus persistency and disease.

PMID- 6379752
TI  - [Fatty acid synthetase of higher plants].

PMID- 6379753
TI  - [NMR spectra of the sugars of the galactopyranose series].

PMID- 6379754
TI  - [Somatic cell genetics of mitochondrial DNA].

PMID- 6379755
TI  - Problems of assessment of prostacyclin formation in vivo.

PMID- 6379756
TI  - [What is the role of clinical pharmacology in the present-day selection of
      antibacterial antibiotics?].

PMID- 6379757
TI  - Immunocytochemical localisation of the icosapeptide fragment of the PP precursor:
      a marker for 'true' PP cells?
AB  - Antisera were raised against the icosapeptide fragment of the pancreatic
      polypeptide (PP) isolated from the canine pancreas. They were used for the
      immunocytochemical study of the cellular localisation and distribution of the
      icosapeptide in the gut and pancreas of various mammals. The results indicate
      that PP and the icosapeptide coexist in the majority of the PP-immunoreactive
      cells in the pancreas of cat, dog, pig, monkey and man and in all the PP
      immunoreactive cells in the stomach of the cat and dog. The icosapeptide does not
      seem to occur in cells or nerves containing PP-related peptides, such as peptide
      YY or neuropeptide Y. PP-immunoreactive cells devoid of the icosapeptide could be
      demonstrated in the large intestine. These cells are probably distinct from the
      pancreatic PP cell type, and the PP-immunoreactive material probably represents
      the homologous peptide YY rather than PP. The present findings support the view
      that the icosapeptide is part of the PP precursor and hence, only the cells
      containing immunoreactive icosapeptide in addition to immunoreactive PP are to be
      considered 'true' PP cells. The icosapeptide antisera did not stain PP cells in
      mouse, rat and guinea-pig, suggesting marked species variation in the amino acid
      sequence of the icosapeptide portion of the PP precursor.

PMID- 6379758
TI  - Neuropeptide Y co-exists and co-operates with noradrenaline in perivascular nerve
      fibers.
AB  - Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-immunoreactive nerve fibers were numerous around arteries
      and few around veins. NPY probably co-exists with noradrenaline in such fibers
      since chemical or surgical sympathectomy eliminated both NPY and noradrenaline
      from perivascular nerve fibers and since double staining demonstrated dopamine
      beta-hydroxylase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to
      noradrenaline, and NPY in the same perivascular nerve fibers. Studies on isolated
      blood vessels indicated that NPY is not a particularly potent contractile agent
      in vitro. NPY greatly enhanced the adrenergically mediate contractile response to
      electrical stimulation and to application of adrenaline, noradrenaline or
      histamine, as studied in the isolated rabbit gastro-epiploic and femoral
      arteries. The potentiating effect of NPY on the response to electrical
      stimulation is probably not presynaptic since NPY affected neither the
      spontaneous nor the electrically evoked release of [3H]noradrenaline from
      perivascular sympathetic nerve fibers.

PMID- 6379759
TI  - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the pig pancreas: role of VIPergic
      nerves in control of fluid and bicarbonate secretion.
AB  - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the pig pancreas is localized to
      nerves, many of which travel along the pancreatic ducts. VIP stimulates
      pancreatic fluid and bicarbonate secretion like secretin. Electrical vagal
      stimulation in the pig causes an atropine-resistant profuse secretion of
      bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice. In an isolated perfused preparation of the pig
      pancreas with intact vagal nerve supply, electrical vagal stimulation caused an
      atropine-resistant release of VIP, which accurately parallelled the exocrine
      secretion of juice and bicarbonate. Perfusion of the pancreas with a potent VIP
      antiserum inhibited the effect of vagal stimulation on the exocrine secretion. It
      is concluded, that VIP is responsible for (at least part of) the neurally
      controlled fluid and bicarbonate secretion from the pig pancreas.

PMID- 6379760
TI  - [Probable air-borne fungal allergens in Panama City].

PMID- 6379761
TI  - [The 1st international medical congress held in the Republic of Panama].

PMID- 6379763
TI  - [The precision of dento-prosthetic margins: results of the effective cooperation
      between the dentist and prosthetist. 1].

PMID- 6379762
TI  - [A bonded bridge using the University of Maryland technic].

PMID- 6379764
TI  - [The precision of dento-prosthetic margins. Results of the effective cooperation
      between the dentist and prosthetist. 2].

PMID- 6379765
TI  - [Centenary of the founding of the German Society of Pediatrics. Its influence on
      Chilean pediatrics].

PMID- 6379766
TI  - [Treatment of urinary tract infections in children with trimethoprim
      sulfamethoxypyridazine].

PMID- 6379767
TI  - [Fatal infection of hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) with Angiostrongylus
      cantonensis (Chen, 1935)].

PMID- 6379768
TI  - [Dermatophytes in foreigners recently arriving in Cuba].

PMID- 6379769
TI  - [Indirect immunofluorescence for detecting antibodies against M. leprae.
      Application to a group of patients and persons living with them].

PMID- 6379770
TI  - [Hematophagic activity and ingestion time of Lutzomyia (C) orestes (Diptera,
      Psychodidae). Preliminary report].

PMID- 6379771
TI  - [Host-parasite relations between Leishmania garnhami from Venezuela and
      histiocytes from skin lesions in hamsters].

PMID- 6379772
TI  - [Appendicitis and parasitosis. Analysis of 1,030 appendectomies].

PMID- 6379773
TI  - [Generalized chromomycosis caused by Fonsecaea compactum].

PMID- 6379774
TI  - [The link between nutritional status and zinc concentrations in the blood,
      erythrocytes and hair in children with necatoriasis].

PMID- 6379776
TI  - [Zoogeographic aspects of the genus Emoda (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia:
      Helicinidae) in Cuba].

PMID- 6379775
TI  - [An outbreak of cutaneous larva migrans].

PMID- 6379777
TI  - [Significance of the number of persons living together with regard to the
      incidence of leprosy from 1977 to 1980 in 9 health areas of Havana City].

PMID- 6379778
TI  - [Toxoplasmin reactivity and positivity for the dye test and complement fixation
      in apparently healthy persons from the provinces Ciudad de la Habana and La
      Habana. Review of the bibliography].

PMID- 6379779
TI  - Periodic lateralized discharges in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: serial
      electroencephalographic studies.
AB  - Serial EEG recordings in 12 cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease were analyzed.
      Focal abnormalities, consisting of unspecific slowing of the rhythm or periodic
      lateralized discharges (PLD), were observed in 50% of cases in the prodromal
      stage. As the disease progressed, conversion of unspecific focal alterations into
      PLD and of these into generalized periodic patterns was seen. This evolution and
      the correlation between PLD and focal epileptic phenomena suggest that the
      discharges are cortical in nature.

PMID- 6379780
TI  - [Orthodontics in prosthetics].

PMID- 6379781
TI  - Incorporation of (U-14C)-glucose into glycogen in normal rat pancreatic islets.
AB  - The incorporation of glucose into glycogen was determined in pancreatic islets
      isolated from normal rats and incubated with glucose (5 or 20 mM) and compounds
      known to affect glycogen metabolism in other tissues. Incubation of pancreatic
      islets with glucose (20 mM) induced a marked increase in radioactive glycogen.
      Exposure to epinephrine in the presence of glucose (20 mM) slightly increased
      incorporation of glucose into glycogen. In contrast the incorporation of glucose
      into glycogen was not affected when isolated islets were exposed to glucagon or
      insulin, whereas anti-insulin serum in the incubation medium decreased
      radioactive glycogen formation.

PMID- 6379782
TI  - [Biological diagnosis of Legionnaire's disease].
AB  - Specific laboratory diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease is possible using sputum
      and other respiratory tract samples. Culture diagnosis, overlooked in the past,
      should now be the major means of laboratory diagnosis. Detection of bacterial
      antigen in respiratory secretions and urine by immunologic means has the
      advantage of speed of diagnosis (hours vs. days for culture diagnosis), but the
      disadvantage of the need for use of many different antibody types. Serological
      diagnosis, by detection of antibody changes, probably has the lowest specificity
      of any of the specific tests, and often takes weeks rather than days or hours to
      make a diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease.

PMID- 6379783
TI  - [Anti-BCG titers of healthy and tuberculous Africans. Use of the indirect
      immunoperoxidase test].
AB  - This study was intended to assess the presence of antibodies to BCG:
      immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) in three homogenous african
      populations: 76 tuberculous patients, 55 adult healthy subjects and 46 newborn.
      We have used an indirect immuno-peroxidase reaction. Tuberculous patients were
      clearly distinguished from the other two groups by raised IgG titres, associated
      with severe clinical and radiological features. In the control population, the
      IgG anti-BCG were also present, but to a lesser degree. The IgM anti-BCG were
      seen in high titres (greater than 20 in this study) in healthy adults and
      patients. The two populations differed significantly (p less than 0.001),
      nevertheless some healthy adults achieved IgM titres comparable with tuberculous
      patients. This simple test could be an interesting contributory factor in cases
      of diagnostic difficult and enables a serological assessment of patients having
      BCG therapy.

PMID- 6379784
TI  - [Negative results of a randomized therapeutic trial of nonspecific immunotherapy
      in primary, surgically-treated non-small cell bronchial cancer].
AB  - Between March 1978 and May 1981, 219 patients suffering from non-small cell
      primary bronchial carcinoma underwent surgical excision which was intended to be
      curative. Three weeks later the patients were randomised into two groups: 1. A
      control group, with no other treatment following excision (110 patients). 2. A
      non-specific immunotherapy group (109 patients). The immunostimulant used was an
      aqueous suspension of heat killed mycobacterium smegmatis administered
      subcutaneously once a month. The trial was analysed on December 1, 1982. There
      were 117 recurrences and 112 deceased. There was no significant difference as
      regard survival without relapse or overall survival; all causes of death were
      included.

PMID- 6379785
TI  - [Bronchocentric granulomatosis].
AB  - Bronchocentric granulomatosis (G.B.C.) is a disorder which was considered rare
      till recently (67 cases published). The essential histo-pathological lesion is
      the presence of a necrosing granuloma in the wall of the small bronchi and
      bronchioles which may extend by contiguity into the adjacent pulmonary
      arterioles. The origin and exclusive bronchial location of the granuloma and the
      absence as a rule of extra-pulmonary lesions enable a distinction to be made with
      pulmonary vasculitis and other granulomas. It occurs in asthmatics (1/3 of cases)
      with a blood eosinophilia (79% of cases); a mycotic aetiology (essentially
      aspergillosis) is seen in 68% of cases and a hypersensitivity mechanism is
      probable. It may equally occur in non-asthmatic patients (2/3 of cases) often
      older and less frequently symptomatic; a cause is rarely found here and although
      the pathogenesis remains obscure a hypersensitivity reaction is likely. The
      radiology is similar in the two groups; typically represented by a round macro
      nodular opacity or a single infiltrate in the upper lobes. The outcome is
      favourable in 90% of cases, either spontaneously or as a result of treatment
      (surgical excision or steroid therapy). Thus it is important to differentiate
      other pulmonary granulomas whose prognosis is much more guarded. These particular
      characteristics suggest that G.B.C. should be removed from the group of pulmonary
      vasculitides in which they were initially placed by Liebow.

PMID- 6379786
TI  - [Primary pulmonary pseudolymphomas and lymphomas. 4 cases].
AB  - We report four cases of primary pulmonary pseudolymphoma and lymphoma with the
      usual features of these disorders: lack of symptoms, radiological opacities
      sometimes multiple with soft wooly contours and air bronchograms, and slowly
      evolving pattern. The distinction between pseudolymphoma and lymphoma, prior to
      histological diagnosis is currently controversial. Immunological studies aim at
      defining whether the lymphoid proliferation is polyclonal or monoclonal (the
      benign process being considered polyclonal and the malign monoclonal). This
      distinction works in some cases, as in one of our cases of lymphoplasmacytic
      lymphoma with a monoclonal IgM gammopathy, a predominance of cells containing IgM
      on immunofluorescence, and an illness evolving over 9 years. Other cases raise
      discussion points such as one of our patients with classical histological
      characteristics of pseudolymphoma, an absence of monoclonal markers on
      immunofluorescence, but having a monoclonal gammopathy in the serum. This example
      raises the question as to the possible coexistence of, or a switch over from, a
      polyclonal to a monoclonal process. In this way the primary pulmonary
      lymphoproliferative process ought to be considered as one element in a large
      spectrum ranging from benign to malign disorders and not as distinct illnesses
      with definitive patterns.

PMID- 6379787
TI  - Suppression and enhancement of transformation of ferret peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells by mycobacteria.
AB  - The effect of heat killed Mycobacterium bovis on the phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)
      response of normal peripheral blood leucocytes from ferrets was dose dependent.
      Concentrations of 10(6) organisms ml-1 and below enhanced the response, whereas
      more than 10(6) organisms ml-1 suppressed it. This suppression correlated with
      cytotoxicity of M bovis for ferret peripheral blood leucocytes. Three
      environmental strains, M phlei, M smegmatis and M aurum were not cytotoxic and
      did not affect the PHA response but were found to be mitogenic at high
      concentrations.

PMID- 6379788
TI  - Comparative study of the bronchospasmolytic effect of fenoterol (0.2 mg)
      salbutamol (0.4 mg) as powder inhalations in 20 patients with reversible
      bronchial obstruction.
AB  - In a double-blind crossover study, the effects of fenoterol powder inhaled from
      capsules (0.2 mg) and the powder inhaler with salbutamol capsules (0.4 mg) were
      compared. A single dose of each was administered on 2 subsequent days in random
      order. The effects on lung function test results were followed from 15 to 360 min
      after administration. Apart from the overall comparison, special attention was
      paid to the beginning and the end of the test periods. Statistically significant
      differences were found only in a few parameters and showed a trend for fenoterol
      to have a somewhat longer effect and for salbutamol to have a faster onset of
      effect. The differences between the effects of the two drugs were clinically not
      relevant. Blood pressure and heart rate were unaffected by either treatment.

PMID- 6379789
TI  - Double-blind crossover study on the protective effect of fenoterol--administered
      by pressurized aerosol and in powder form--in allergen-induced asthma.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the level of protection afforded by
      fenoterol (200 microgram), administered by pressurized aerosol, in allergen
      induced bronchospasm and to compare its effect with that of the same drug
      administered at the same dosage in powder form. It was a double-blind crossover
      study on 14 patients with atopic asthma. The administration of the drug took
      place at weekly intervals according to an appropriate randomized schedule. The
      sensitizing allergen was inhaled 30 min after the administration of the drug.
      Parameters of the respiratory function were controlled at fixed intervals over a
      2-hour period. The study showed that both fenoterol formulations possess a
      protective effect in allergen-induced bronchospasm. No statistically significant
      difference between the two types of drug preparation (pressurized aerosol and
      powder form) was observed regarding the individual measuring times. In an overall
      evaluation, statistically significant differences between dry powder and
      pressurized aerosol have been observed.

PMID- 6379790
TI  - Surgery of retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
AB  - Surgical treatment of retinal detachment complicated by proliferative
      vitreoretinopathy (PVR) depends on understanding both the pathoanatomy of the
      structural changes and the biologic time course of the intraocular proliferative
      process. Successful surgery is dependent on treating both the traction and
      rhegmatogenous components. Vitreous surgery is used to relieve the transvitreal
      traction and to remove epiretinal membranes causing fixed folding of the
      posterior retina. A broad and high scleral buckle is used to close all retinal
      breaks and to relieve remaining anteroperipheral vitreous and epiretinal membrane
      traction that cannot be relieved by vitrectomy. Vitreous surgery is best done
      after the proliferative process has run its biologic time course to minimize
      recurrence of epiretinal membranes. Therefore, staged procedures may be used in
      selected cases by first modifying the scleral buckle to treat the rhegmatogenous
      component followed later by definitive vitreous surgery. The principles and
      techniques of managing retinal detachment with PVR are described.

PMID- 6379791
TI  - [Contractility].

PMID- 6379792
TI  - [Current topics on re-expansion pulmonary edema].

PMID- 6379793
TI  - [Therapeutic efficacy of prostacyclin in the patients with effort angina-
      evaluation by treadmill exercise test].

PMID- 6379794
TI  - [Fibronectin and the lungs].

PMID- 6379795
TI  - [Mechanism of anginal pain].

PMID- 6379796
TI  - [Low responders and hypoxic depression in hypoxic ventilatory responses].

PMID- 6379797
TI  - Reflex responses to positive end-expiratory pressure.
AB  - When positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is applied to rabbits there is a
      large depression of cardiac output. The authors investigated the baroreceptor and
      lung stretch reflex responses to PEEP in rabbits to determine if reflex responses
      are important in causing the depression of cardiac output which occurs with PEEP.
      With PEEP there was a depression of cardiac output and blood pressure, no change
      in heart rate, and an increase in systemic vascular resistance. The responses to
      PEEP were similar after vagotomy and after a large dose of atropine, but, after
      treatment with phenoxybenzamine, blood pressure was lower during PEEP and
      systemic vascular resistance did not increase. The data suggests that lung
      stretch response is not an important factor in the cardiovascular response to
      PEEP in rabbits.

PMID- 6379798
TI  - [Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with ampicillin: results of long-term
      observations indicating the possibility of inhibiting the progression of bone
      damage].

PMID- 6379799
TI  - [Arthritis in Shigella and Salmonella infections].

PMID- 6379800
TI  - Functional and morphological pathology of vestibular end organs.

PMID- 6379801
TI  - [Captopril in the treatment of severe congestive heart failure. Experience with
      10 patients].

PMID- 6379802
TI  - [Treatment of intestinal amebiasis and giardiasis with ornidazole].

PMID- 6379803
TI  - [Treatment of acute sinusal processes of adults with tetracycline and a
      combination of sulfamethopyrazine-trimethoprim].

PMID- 6379804
TI  - Prostatic acid phosphatase: current concepts.
AB  - The development of antibodies to PAP opened a new horizon in the detection of
      acid phosphatase in serum and tissue. The advantages and limitations of this new
      methodology has been reviewed. A new utilization for PAP antibodies is
      radioactive labeling of these antibodies for radioimmunodetection of prostatic
      cancer metastases. If future studies in localizing metastatic sites are
      promising, then PAP antibodies labeled with chemotherapeutic agents or
      radioactive isotopes may have a role in therapy.

PMID- 6379805
TI  - Interstitial irradiation for localized prostate cancer.

PMID- 6379806
TI  - [The genesis of the university hospital, 1834-1935].

PMID- 6379807
TI  - [Early rupture of the blood-retina barrier in young diabetics. Initial functional
      disorder of retinopathy in type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents].

PMID- 6379808
TI  - [Socioeconomic aspects of renal transplantation].

PMID- 6379809
TI  - [Determination of IgE in umbilical cord blood using a sensitive immunoenzyme
      technic].

PMID- 6379810
TI  - [Historical preamble to the dedication of auditoriums].

PMID- 6379811
TI  - [Auguste Tissot (1728-1797)].

PMID- 6379812
TI  - [Mathias Mayor (1775-1847)].

PMID- 6379813
TI  - [Alexandre Yersin (1863-1943)].

PMID- 6379814
TI  - [Charlotte Olivier (1864-1945)].

PMID- 6379815
TI  - [Treatment of gastro-duodenal ulcer. The surgeons viewpoint].

PMID- 6379816
TI  - [Ulcers: a celebrated past, an uncertain future?].

PMID- 6379817
TI  - [Cesar Roux (1857-1934) and his times].

PMID- 6379818
TI  - [The pyramidal tract. Recent anatomic and physiologic findings].
AB  - The cortical origin of the pyramidal tract is first considered. Contributions of
      retrograde degeneration studies as well as fiber counting method following
      different cortical lesions are presented and discussed. The results of these
      classical neuro-anatomical methods are compared with those of the more recent
      retrograde transport tracing method. The number and the diameter spectrum of
      pyramidal tract fibers differ in various mammals. In more evolved species the
      number of pyramidal fibers increase and their diameter span becomes wider. The
      thickest fibers are found in man. Along their diencephalic, mesencephalic,
      pontine and medullary course, axonal collaterals of corticospinal axons may
      terminate onto cells of origin of other descending pathways, onto relay cells of
      ascending pathways, and onto neurons projecting to the cerebellum. At the spinal
      level, the rostrocaudal extent and the termination area of corticospinal fibers
      may differ in various mammals. In a first group of mammals, the corticospinal
      fibers extend only to cervical or mid-thoracic segments and terminate in the
      dorsal horn. In a second group of mammals, the corticospinal fibers extend
      throughout the spinal cord and terminate in the dorsal horn and the intermediate
      zone. In a third group of mammals, the corticospinal fibers extend throughout the
      spinal cord and terminate in the dorsal horn, the intermediate zone and the
      dorsolateral part of the lateral motoneuronal cell group. In a fourth group of
      mammals, the corticospinal fibers also extend throughout the spinal cord and
      terminate in the dorsal horn, the intermediate zone and the dorsolateral as well
      as the ventral parts of the lateral motoneuronal cell group. A comparison is made
      between these different types of spinal terminations and the motor capacities of
      these different species. The motor deficits observed after pyramidal lesions are
      summarized and a comparison is made between the corticospinal tract and the
      descending brain stem pathways. According to electrophysiological studies in
      conscious animals different pyramidal units can be activated during different
      types of movements and at different times during the preparation or execution of
      a movement. Recent neuro-anatomical data suggest that the pyramidal tract is
      composed of many structural subsystems. Recent physiological data suggest that
      the pyramidal tract can be involved in various aspects of the motor control.

PMID- 6379819
TI  - [Composite resins. Clinical indications].

PMID- 6379820
TI  - [Lengthening the clinical crown. How and why?].

PMID- 6379821
TI  - [What is the place of semi-precious alloys in 1982?].

PMID- 6379822
TI  - [Use of the turbine or the micromotor in 1982].

PMID- 6379823
TI  - [Occlusography applied to mounting artificial teeth in complete dentures].

PMID- 6379824
TI  - [Effect of positive end expiratory pressure on the intrapulmonary shunt and the
      oxygen alveolo-arterial difference in adult acute respiratory distress].
AB  - The aim of this study was to analyse two groups of 10 patients with hypoxaemia.
      One group of patients had acute respiratory distress (A.R.D.A.) and the other
      group was hypoxaemic without acute adult respiratory distress. Both group of
      patients were ventilated artificially. The authors studied the effect of positive
      end expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 10 cm H2O on the intra-pulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt)
      and on the alveolar-arterial oxygen difference [P(A-a)O2]. The values for the
      shunt and for P(A-a)O2 are calculated at FiO2 of 0.4 and at a FiO2 of 1. The two
      groups are best distinguished by the difference between the shunt calculated at a
      FiO2 of 0.4 and at a FiO2 of 1, as the P(A-a)O2 is similar in both groups of
      patients and is not influenced by the PEEP, either in the A.R.D.A. or in the non
      A.R.D.A. group. Without PEEP, A positive value is obtained for Qs-Qt in the
      A.R.D.A. group and a negative value is obtained in the non A.R.D.A. group. With
      PEEP of 10 cm, the shunt in patients with A.R.D.A. is greatly reduced and tends
      towards 0. In the non A.R.D.A. group of patients, the shunt does not vary with
      the PEEP and the difference remains negative.

PMID- 6379825
TI  - [Epidemiology of Legionnaires' disease].
AB  - The authors discuss the epidemiological problems of legionnaire's disease.
      Although Legionella is known to proliferate in watery environments, the origin
      and extension of sporadic cases and the factors responsible for bacterial spread
      remain unclear. The problem of prevention has also to be resolved.

PMID- 6379826
TI  - [Fluorocarbons as a substitute for hemoglobin for the transport of respiratory
      gases].

PMID- 6379827
TI  - [Comparative study of three presentations for research on HBs antigen by the
      immunoenzyme technique].
AB  - The authors present the results of a study comparing the detection of HbSAg by
      enzyme immunoassay using the following three different commercial kits and their
      corresponding apparatus: Auszyme II, Quantum II from Abbott; Enzygnost micro
      Elisa, Elisa Processor from Behring; Hepanostika, washer and reader micro Elisa
      system from Organon. The purpose of the study is to determine the sensitivity and
      specificity of the reaction and the extent of automation of this method. The
      sensitivity and specificity of the 3 kits are compared with those of a reference
      technique, the radioimmunoassay Ausria II, Abbott. The sensitivity of Auszyme II
      is equivalent to that of Ausria II and is approximately 0.2 mg/ml. The other two
      kits are somewhat less sensitive. The proportion of false negative is less than
      1%, but with all 3 kits it is necessary to verify a negative result. The results
      of this study confirm the high level of sensitivity and specificity of the enzyme
      immunoassay for the detection of HbSAg in the serum or plasma of blood donors.
      This technique therefore offers an alternate method of HbSAg detection to
      laboratories which cannot or prefer not to use a radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 6379828
TI  - [Trial of a new microtest system, Enterotest IC, for identification of
      Enterobacteriaceae].

PMID- 6379829
TI  - [Study of anemia and thrombopenia in Plasmodium berghei malaria].

PMID- 6379830
TI  - [History of the control of epidemics in our country. I. The brotherhoods of
      charity].

PMID- 6379831
TI  - [Treatment of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni with praziquantel].

PMID- 6379832
TI  - Fibronectin in the synovium of chronic inflammatory joint disease.
AB  - The localisation of fibronectin in the synovial membrane of rheumatoid arthritis
      (RA) and other chronic inflammatory joint diseases has been studied using a
      peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical method. Synovia were studied from
      seven cases of seropositive RA three cases of seronegative RA, six cases of
      ankylosing spondylitis, four cases of Reiter's syndrome and five of psoriatic
      arthritis. Six were small biopsies and the remaining tissues were obtained at
      open surgery for orthopaedic procedures or biopsies. Fibronectin was demonstrated
      in all of the synovia examined and was present in intimal cells, synovial giant
      cells, the walls of small blood vessels, basement membrane of larger vessels and
      deposits of fibrin. No difference in this distribution of fibronectin was found
      in seropositive and seronegative RA, ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome or
      psoriatic arthritis, neither was there any difference in the amount of
      fibronectin at various sites.

PMID- 6379834
TI  - If you want to specialize...

PMID- 6379833
TI  - [Intracranial chordoma (synoptic and case survey)].

PMID- 6379835
TI  - [Radiologic diagnosis of the orbit and anterior cranial fossa].
AB  - Basing on frequent diseases associated with typical changes of the orbita and the
      anterior cranial fossa - osteomas, fibrous dysplasia, meningiomas of the sphenoid
      bone, neurofibromatosis, mucoceles and pyoceles, dermoid tumours, malignant
      tumours and transmitted inflammatory processes - the x-ray diagnostic procedure
      is explained. Plain x-ray films and computed tomography are the most important
      methods, whereas examinations employing film tomography and angiography are now
      restricted to a few selected cases only.

PMID- 6379836
TI  - [Roentgen diagnosis of the medial part of the base of the skull].
AB  - The median section of the base of the skull offers many diagnostic problems in
      radiology. Findings of the plain radiographs and tomographs, of computed
      tomography and angiography are demonstrated in cases of space-occupying growths
      of the sella region, lesions of the fossa temporalis and of the region of the
      pyramid of the medulla oblongata, from a differential diagnostic viewpoint.
      Sequelae of traumas are discussed separately.

PMID- 6379837
TI  - [Roentgen diagnosis of the posterior part of the base of the skull].
AB  - Since the cranial nerves and the base of the skull are spatially close to each
      other, certain complexes of symptoms and signs give a very accurate indication of
      the possible location of the lesion. Basing on such neurologic-topical
      structuralisation, lesions of the cerebrellopontine angle, the foramen jugulare,
      the clivus and of the foramen magnum are discussed systematically. The various
      techniques of radiological imaging or examination are assessed in accordance with
      their diagnostic ranking, and characteristic constellations of findings are
      described.

PMID- 6379838
TI  - [Roentgenologic findings in chronic bronchopulmonary diseases in children].
AB  - X-ray findings in chronic bronchopulmonary diseases in children are presented on
      the basis of observations made during the last 20 years. Six groups of diseases
      can be differentiated according to signs and clinical course: Pneumonias with
      delayed healing, chronic relapsing infiltrations, mucoviscidosis, chronic
      pleuropneumonia with abscess formation, chronic interstitial processes and
      chronic infiltrations with bronchiectasis. The typical phenomena and
      possibilities of differential diagnosis are discussed.

PMID- 6379839
TI  - ["Intensive lungs"--possibilities for quality improvement].
AB  - X-ray lung diagnosis in an intensive-care unit makes special demands on
      technique, imaging and on the physician's experience. The quality of image
      interpretation and evaluation is considerably improved by superimposing the
      technical data on the x-ray image and by using an antiscatter grid cassette.
      Proper evaluation of the parameters important for diagnosis is improved by
      registration of the data on the x-ray film; taking a maximum possible score of
      100 as reference value, quality of evaluation is improved from 66.5 points to
      71.8 points by data registration on the film itself, whereas the simultaneous use
      of an antiscatter grid cassette improves the score still further, namely, to 84.3
      points. The importance of the clinical condition of the patient, and of the type
      of breathing chosen, for assessing the chest x-ray, is emphasised.

PMID- 6379840
TI  - [Image quality in intravenous digital subtraction angiography of renal vessels].
AB  - Visualisation of the renal arteries and image quality of intravenous DSA were
      evaluated in 62 patients. The left renal artery is visualised less well than
      overlying more frequently the right renal artery because of gas in the stomach
      and colon. IV DSA is not adequate for visualisation of the subsegmental arteries,
      and cannot be used for tumor angiography. It is not possible to prove that
      central venous injection technique is superior to peripheral venous injection.
      Patients must be carefully prepared as is necessary for the urogram. Examination
      is carried out using Buscopan and a compression device.

PMID- 6379841
TI  - [2-phase summation imaging of the subclavian steal syndrome using transvenous
      DSA].
AB  - A simple method is reported to obtain a two-phase summation image in subclavian
      steal syndrome using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) via selection of a
      mask during the early arterial phase and the contrast image during delayed
      retrograde filling of the ipsilateral vertebral artery and the postocclusive
      subclavian artery. The summation image results by employing replay of the stored
      image information.

PMID- 6379842
TI  - [Improvement of image quality in digital subtraction angiography using a variable
      aperture].
AB  - The authors examine by means of comparative series in 25 patients whether and to
      what extent a special combination of filter diaphragms can improve imaging in
      digital subtraction angiography. It was found that the filter diaphragm
      combination should be applied as a matter of principle in case of large
      absorption differences in the examined region, since this will safely eliminate
      saturation effects causing artifacts, or partial image losses which are otherwise
      likely to occur. However, no essential advantages are obtained if the x-ray image
      is largely homogeneous.

PMID- 6379843
TI  - [Suspected herniated disk--differential diagnostic case studies by lumbar CT].
AB  - The most common reason a patient is referred for spinal CT examination is to
      exclude a ruptured intervertebral disc. Besides nerve root entrapment due to
      herniated disc, a number of unusual or unexpected conditions have been
      encountered in the course of CT lumbar spine studies. These include
      spondylolisthesis, spinal dysraphism, Paget's disease, and inflammatory,
      neoplastic, or metastatic lesions. The application of spinal (small-circle)
      target imaging includes the risk to overlook soft tissue lesions that extend
      beyond the reconstruction circle. Therefore, complete (large-circle)
      circumferential abdominal scanning is recommended in case of a suspected
      extraspinal cause of sciatica.

PMID- 6379844
TI  - Determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in serum by high performance liquid
      chromatography and isotope dilution-mass spectrometry.
AB  - Four different HPLC methods for analysis of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in serum were
      evaluated with a method based on isotope dilution-mass spectrometry (ID-MS).
      Method I utilized Sephadex LH-20 chromatography as the only prepurification step.
      No correlation with the ID-MS method was obtained. Method II utilized Sephadex LH
      20 chromatography and a subsequent reversed phase HPLC step as prepurification.
      The correlation coefficient was 0.99 (regression coefficient 1.2 and intercept -
      3.9 micrograms/l). Method III included open silicic acid chromatography and
      straight phase HPLC as prepurification. The correlation when compared with the ID
      MS method was 0.94 (regression coefficient 1.2 and intercept - 0.4 micrograms/l).
      In method IV Sep-pak C18 chromatography and open silicic acid chromatography were
      used as prepurification. The correlation coefficient when compared with the ID-MS
      method was 0.97 (regression coefficient 0.8 and intercept 0.1 microgram/l). It is
      concluded that a single Sephadex LH-20 step is not sufficient as prepurification
      and that method IV had an accuracy sufficient for its intended use to analyse 25
      hydroxyvitamin D3 in serum from cattle.

PMID- 6379845
TI  - Suction blisters of the skin: a compartment with physiological, interstitium-like
      properties.
AB  - In six young men without known skin disease we evaluated whether mild suction to
      the skin significantly alters the properties of the underlying capillaries or
      whether suction blisters can be regarded as an interstitium-like compartment with
      dynamic physiological properties. Instead of the usual technique where the tracer
      is administered intravenously prior to the suction, we postponed the
      administration of the tracer (99mTc-DTPA) to 15 min after the suction blisters
      had been formed on the abdominal skin. We found that the final slope of average
      interstitium 99mTc-DTPA was almost parallel to that of the final slope of 99mTc
      DTPA in the blister fluid (r = 0.917). During the period 120-240 min after the
      injection where the final slopes could be defined, the ratio between the amount
      of 99mTc-DTPA present in the interstitium and the amount of 99mTc-DTPA present in
      a blister fluid volume equal to interstitial fluid volume was 1.3. It is
      concluded that suction blisters of the skin behave like a dynamic interstitium
      like compartment.

PMID- 6379846
TI  - IgA deposits in the oral mucosa of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis and
      linear IgA disease.
AB  - The oral mucosa of seven patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) and one with
      linear IgA disease was studied. None of the patients with DH showed any
      macroscopic oral lesions, but direct immunofluorescence (IFL) examination of the
      buccal mucosa revealed granular IgA deposits in all patients. IgA deposits were
      found just below the basement membrane zone or slightly deeper in the connective
      tissue, i.e. a deposition pattern which is pathognomonic to DH. In three patients
      C3 deposits occurred in the same area as IgA. The patient with linear IgA disease
      had small white erythematous patches, nonspecific both clinically and
      histologically, on the palatal mucosa. However, oral IFL specimens showed heavy
      linear IgA deposits in the basement membrane zone, indicating that the oral
      mucosa is also involved in this rare disease. Buccal mucosal biopsy specimens
      were stained with four FITC-conjugated lectins (Ulex europaeus I, soybean, peanut
      and lentil). The lectin staining was similar in patients with DH and linear IgA
      disease and did not markedly differ from normal oral mucosa. Our results show
      that buccal IFL examination is a useful diagnostic aid in both DH and linear IgA
      disease.

PMID- 6379847
TI  - Distortion of wax crowns.
AB  - Distortion of wax crown patterns is unavoidable. This distortion is sufficient to
      reduce the fit of the final restoration to a degree that is clinically
      unacceptable. The wax distortion may be ignored only by use of die-investing
      technique. However, an ideal investment for this technique is at present not
      available.

PMID- 6379848
TI  - Gastroentero-pancreatic hormones in pregnancy.

PMID- 6379849
TI  - The O.M.G.E. Multinational Inflammatory Bowel Disease Survey 1976-1982. A further
      report on 2,657 cases.
AB  - This presentation describes the progress during 1978-1982 of the O.M.G.E.
      Multinational Survey of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. After a brief
      description of the study design and protocol, and review of results up to 1978,
      the status of the survey in 1982 is presented. In all, 35 centres contributed
      2,657 cases at that time; data collection being meticulous via previously
      designed proformata. Diagnostic criteria are next discussed. Little change
      between 1978 and 1982 is noted, with wide variation in the UC/CD ratio for
      individual centres, but continuing evidence of a congruence of diagnostic
      thought, now codified into a simple (and recommended) O.M.G.E. Scoring System.
      Patients seen prior to 1978 were reviewed in 1982. Where attempted, a follow-up
      of over 90% was achieved, usually more than four years after the original
      presentation. Interesting data resulted. The stability of diagnosis was high,
      only 3.4% of patient diagnoses changing between 1978 and 1982. The mortality of
      Crohn's disease patients, usually unrelated to surgery, was higher than that of
      ulcerative colitis patents, and the cancer risk identical in the two groups. Most
      patients were well at review; but--though asymptomatic--were usually on
      prophylactice therapy, most commonly with salazopyrine. Finally, problems in
      assessing severity and activity of disease are discussed, and joint studies
      between O.M.G.W. and the newly formed International Organisation for the Study of
      I.B.D. described. As regards Crohn's disease, several 'indices of activity'
      already exist; when tested on a set of 200 O.M.G.E. patients, indices did not
      correlate well with each other, or with patient prognosis. Further studies are
      suggested during 1982-1986.

PMID- 6379851
TI  - O.M.G.E. International Upper Gastro-intestinal Bleeding Survey 1978-1982.
AB  - This presentation describes a further survey conducted under the auspices of the
      O.M.G.E. Research Committee; an international survey of over 4000 patients
      presenting to 185 clinicians in 44 centres in 21 countries. This multinational
      survey has been the first in this area of medicine to use specifically designed
      proformata and pre-agreed definitions of terminology, alongside automated data
      analysis. A total of 4073 patients' data were forwarded from the 44 centres, the
      vast majority (4010, 98.5%) containing acceptable data from subsequent analysis.
      As regards diagnosis, 36% of patients had peptic ulceration, 13% had varices and
      6% gastric erosions as sole cause of their bleeding: 22% had multiple pathology
      (the most common combination being hiatus hernia and peptic ulceration). The
      diagnostic breakdown varied however from centre to centre. Detailed computer
      aided studies show it is currently impossible to determine the source of bleeding
      without recourse to high technology such as radiological or endoscopic
      intervention. If identification of the source of the bleeding is desirable
      clinically, then these high technology investigations must be employed. As
      regards prognosis, a computer program has enabled categorisation of patients into
      risk categories as regards further or continued bleeding or death. This program
      has been tested on 2623 patients with considerable accuracy. In the computer's
      'high risk' category, 60% of patients re-bled and 32% died. Conversely in the
      'very low' risk category, only 4% re-bled and no patient died. These findings
      have enabled the construction of a simple prognostic system for use in remote
      areas, Initial testing (in Sikkim) indicates such a system may be of real value.
      Finally, immediate treatment and outcome were studied in 4010 patients. As
      regards management, roughly four fifths (82.7%) were transfused, 85% came to
      endoscopy (65.3% coming to endoscopy within 36 h of their admission to hospital)
      and 8.5% came to surgery. The overall death rate was low (8.3%) but amongst
      patients who bled further, the mortality was 30.7%--these factors being
      influenced by diagnosis rather than centre. The high mortality rate on
      conservative treatment and relatively low post-operative mortality, perhaps argue
      a case for more aggressive investigation and treatment.

PMID- 6379850
TI  - The O.M.G.E. Acute Abdominal Pain Survey--progress report, 1982.
AB  - By 1982, the central analysis team of this on-going multinational survey had
      received a total of 8,723 cases for analysis and had accepted 8,480. In all some
      23 centres in 15 countries, involving over 200 doctors had participated in this
      survey. A common protocol was used for data collection; around 98% of all
      possible data was recorded (using pre-circulated definitions) and analysed via a
      computer-aided system in Leeds, England. As before, the most common surgical
      diagnosis was acute appendicitis (2336 of 8,480 cases, 27.5%) followed by acute
      cholecystitis (800 cases, 9.4%). The construction of a worldwide database of
      information about 6.097 patients is described--as is its use both in diagnosis
      and in teaching. Particular attention is given to the construction of a computer
      program which allows medical students to compare their impression of acute
      abdominal pain with 'reality' as evidenced in these 6,097 patients. As regards
      additional cases, particular stress has been laid on acquisition of material from
      countries outside Europe and North America. Series from Mexico (893 patients) and
      Thailand (311 patients) are discussed in detail, and the implications for future
      work are reviewed.

PMID- 6379853
TI  - Fibronectin promotes binding but not ingestion of agarose beads by mouse
      macrophages adn human monocytes.
AB  - We have examined to what extent human fibronectin associated with agarose beads
      with a 5- to 10-micron diameter mediates binding and uptake of the beads by mouse
      macrophages and human monocytes. Native agarose beads preincubated with 125I
      fibronectin were neither associated with nor taken up by mouse macrophages after
      30 min of incubation under serum-free conditions. When fibronectin was cross
      linked to cyanogen bromide-activated agarose beads or incubated with gelatinized
      beads, this resulted in a significant increase in particle binding by macrophages
      and monocytes as compared with gelatinized beads, whereas the fraction of cells
      with ingested particles remained unaltered. Native agarose beads activated by
      cyanogen bromide and treated with ethanolamine were to a greater extent
      associated with and taken up by phagocytes than fibronectin- or gelatin-coated
      beads. Our results indicate that fibronectin acts as an adhesive glycoprotein and
      not as an opsonin. Since agarose beads are activators of the alternative pathway
      of complement, and fibronectin is reported to bind to factor C3, we speculate
      that cell-derived C3b is bound to the beads and fibronectin-coated beads are
      ingested by the phagocytes via complement C3b receptors on the cells.

PMID- 6379852
TI  - Biochemical markers in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma stages III and IV and prognosis: a
      multivariate analysis.
AB  - The prognostic value of different pretreatment laboratory and clinical findings
      at diagnosis was assessed in a series of 141 patients with generalized non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma. Univariate and multivariate survival analysis (Cox's
      regression model) was performed, using serum analysis of deoxythymidine kinase (S
      TK), beta 2-microglobulin, lactic dehydrogenase, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein =
      orosomucoid (S-alpha 1 AGP), haptoglobin and ferritin. In addition, Hb and the
      erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were measured. The clinical variables were
      age, presence or absence of B-symptoms, histopathology ('low-grade';
      'intermediate grade' and 'high-grade' malignancy) and bone marrow involvement. Of
      the 8 biochemical markers, all except Hb and the ESR showed a significant
      relationship to survival. Among the clinical variables, this finding was made for
      B-symptoms and histopathology. Using a multivariate analysis on all variables, S
      TK was found to be the best factor for predicting duration of survival. The only
      significant additional information was provided by S-alpha 1 AGP. When only the
      clinical variables were taken into account, it was found that histopathology
      added significant information to that yielded by B-symptoms in the prediction of
      the survival time. When the biochemical variables were added to this model, only
      S-TK was of significant additional prognostic value.

PMID- 6379854
TI  - Mechanism of action of cyclosporin A. Effect on T-cell-binding of interleukin 1
      and antagonizing effect of insulin.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that cyclosporin A (CyA) prevents the elaboration of
      the lymphokine leucocyte migration inhibitory factor (LIF). Since LIF production
      is interleukin 1 (IL-1)-dependent, we carried out experiments using partially and
      highly purified IL-1 preparations to study the effect of CyA. We found that (a)
      IL-1 was consistently depleted during a 1-h incubation with human blood T
      lymphocytes but not with B lymphocytes or erythrocytes; (b) the depletion could
      not be ascribed to pinocytosis, cell functions requiring active metabolism, or
      enzyme-mediated destruction of IL-1; (c) CyA, but not biologically inactive
      cyclosporin, antagonized the apparent absorption of IL-1; (d) T cells pre-exposed
      to CyA were rendered incapable of removing the monokine; and (e) CyA was capable
      of displacing IL-1 once absorbed by T cells. Because the putative binding of IL-1
      showed saturability, reversibility (with CyA as a probe), and tissue specificity
      consistent with a known target for the monokine, we propose that IL-1 interacts
      with a receptor-like structure on T cells. Finally, we found that insulin
      interfered with the function of CyA at the very early macrophage-T-cell co
      operative stage, even at physiological concentrations.

PMID- 6379855
TI  - A second component in bovine AA amyloid fibrils not identical with protein AA is
      essential for AA amyloid fibrillogenesis.
AB  - Amyloid fibrils were isolated from the renal papillae and glomeruli of cows with
      spontaneous AA amyloidosis. The fibrils were solubilized by treatment with
      guanidine hydrochloride (Gu HCl) and subjected to gel filtration on Sephacryl S
      200. Two other fractions were obtained beside the void volume and the AA
      fractions. Reaggregation studies were performed by dialysing the fractions,
      separately or in combinations, against Gu-HCl-free solutions. Protein AA alone
      (about 10 kd) appeared not to precipitate. The other fractions alone and the
      combinations of fractions tested formed precipitates. The precipitates containing
      all fractions (including protein AA) or protein AA plus a fraction containing a
      19- and a 23-kd protein revealed congophilic green birefringent fibrillar
      material. Dialysis against acidic and calcium-containing solutions gave the best
      results. Amyloid fibril-like material was visible on electron microscopic
      examination. The amino acid composition of the 19 + 23-kd material appeared to be
      slightly different from protein AA and evidently unlike SAP. On
      immunofluorescence-absorbance studies the 19 + 23-kd material appeared evidently
      unlike protein AA and SAP. From these findings it is concluded that for
      spontaneous formation of AA amyloid fibrils other non-AA proteins are necessary.

PMID- 6379856
TI  - On the interaction between beta 2-microglobulin and group A streptococci.
AB  - beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) was found to interact with many group A
      streptococcal strains. The interaction appeared to require multipoint attachment,
      since monomeric beta 2m in solution showed no binding, whereas both beta 2m
      monomers bound to liposomes, and beta 2m in aggregates showed affinity for the
      bacteria. Aggregated HLA antigens (-A, -B and -C) and aggregated beta 2m
      exhibited the same binding patterns when tested in binding experiments with
      various group A streptococcal strains. Furthermore, beta 2m aggregates in excess
      completely blocked the binding of aggregated HLA antigens, thereby demonstrating
      that beta 2m is able to interact with streptococcal surface structures also when
      it is part of the HLA antigen complex. M protein-positive group A streptococcal
      strains bound significantly more beta 2m than M protein-negative variants of
      these strains. Purified M 12 protein partly inhibited the binding of
      radiolabelled beta 2m aggregates to whole streptococci, and in gel filtration and
      affinity chromatography experiments, the M 12 protein interacted with beta 2m.
      These various data suggest that the interaction between beta 2m and group A
      streptococci could be mediated by M protein. Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a
      constituent of the streptococcal cell wall that has been reported to form
      complexes with M protein at the bacterial cell surface. However, LTA did not
      influence the interaction between beta 2m and streptococci, suggesting that the
      binding of beta 2m to streptococcal M protein represents a pure protein-protein
      interaction. In vivo such an interaction could be established between infecting
      streptococci and host cells. Among 45 strains of different M types large
      differences in beta 2m binding were recorded, whereas among 60 strains of the
      classical nephritogenic M types 12 and 49, all were highly beta 2m-reactive,
      which points towards a role for beta 2m in streptococcal pathogenicity.

PMID- 6379857
TI  - Polymorphonuclear leucocytes defective in oxidative metabolism inhibit in vitro
      growth of Plasmodium falciparum. Evidence against an oxygen-dependent mechanism.
AB  - This report presents evidence that polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) from
      chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) patients, who are defective in oxidative
      metabolism, are capable of inhibiting in vitro multiplication of Plasmodium
      falciparum. Using a microtitre in vitro inhibition assay, we incubated various
      numbers of peripheral blood neutrophils from CGD patients and from normal
      individuals with P. falciparum isolate F32 in the in vitro culture system.
      Inhibition of parasite growth by neutrophils was determined after 48 h of
      culture. At PMN to erythrocyte ratio of 1:50 there was an inhibition of parasite
      growth of 57% by normal neutrophils and 39% to 68% by CGD cells. When the
      neutrophils were stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate, both cell types
      enhanced inhibition of parasite growth. These findings indicate that the oxygen
      independent systems of human neutrophils are involved in parasite destruction.
      Constituents of neutrophil granules such as acid hydrolases, lactoferrin, and
      cationic proteins could be regarded as potential mediators of parasite
      destruction.

PMID- 6379858
TI  - Serological diagnosis of deep Staphylococcus aureus infections by enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for staphylococcal hemolysins and teichoic acid.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used with a purified alpha-toxin
      preparation to measure the serum IgG, IgM and IgA response in staphylococcal
      septicaemia and endocarditis. ELISA for IgG antibodies against alpha-toxin was
      found to be more sensitive than the neutralization test (ASTA). IgM and IgA
      antibody determination was found to be of limited diagnostic value. A correlation
      between IgG antibodies to alpha-toxin and purified beta-toxin was found in ELISA,
      although antibody determination to beta-toxin was a less sensitive diagnostic
      method. The highest diagnostic sensitivity in deep staphylococcal infections was
      obtained by parallel performance of ELISA to alpha-toxin and purified teichoic
      acid. By this approach, 32/35 (91%) patients with endocarditis, 12/14 (86%) with
      complicated septicaemia and 15/22 (68%) with uncomplicated septicaemia showed
      increased titres in samples drawn between days 7-30 of disease. Diagnostic
      sensitivity was further increased to 31/32 (97%) positive patients, when paired
      or multiple samples from patients with septicaemic staphylococcal disease were
      analysed.

PMID- 6379859
TI  - Administration of a retinoid as prophylaxis of recurrent non-invasive bladder
      tumors.
AB  - A controlled study has been conducted to ascertain whether administration for 8
      months of a vitamin A-acid analog, Tigason, could prevent recurrences of non
      invasive bladder tumors. Eligible were 73 patients, 33 in the Tigason group, and
      40 in the placebo group. The results indicate that Tigason, as used in this
      study, is ineffective as prophylaxis. Side effects to Tigason urged 17 patients
      to drop out from the study mostly due to symptoms from skin and mucous membranes.
      The discussion considers different reasons for the lack of effect and concludes
      that more tolerable vitamin A-acid analogs are needed if further studies of
      prevention of non-invasive bladder tumors are to be carried out.

PMID- 6379860
TI  - Parathyroid pathology in hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic renal failure.
AB  - Weights and histopathological changes in parathyroid glands were evaluated in
      relation to clinical and biochemical parameters in 42 patients who underwent
      parathyroidectomy for hyperparathyroidism (HPT) secondary to chronic renal
      failure. There was a positive relation (r = 0.71, p less than 0.01) between
      duration of renal insufficiency and total parathyroid glandular weight. The
      glandular weight was also closely related to the serum levels of parathyroid
      hormone (r = 0.67, p less than 0.01). No correlation was found between total
      parathyroid glandular weight or histopathological findings and clinical symptoms,
      serum levels of calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatases, calcium X phosphorus
      product or radiological evidence of bone disease. The enlargement of the glands
      was mostly uniform in the individual patient and all patients showed multiple
      gland involvement. This indicates that when parathyroid surgery is performed in
      patients with uraemia and secondary HPT, a radical approach, i.e. total
      parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation or subtotal parathyroidectomy, should
      always be used. In smaller glands only diffuse hyperplasia of parenchymal cells
      was generally found; fat cells were present in near-normal amounts. With
      increasing glandular weight, fat cells were more sparse and nodularity was
      common. In general, the proportion of oxyphil cells increased parallel with the
      total glandular weight, suggesting that this cell type is sensitive to
      stimulation. As a group, patients undergoing conservative renal treatment had
      suffered longer with renal disease, had larger parathyroid glands with more
      nodularity, and had more oxyphil cells than those undergoing parathyroidectomy
      while on haemodialysis.

PMID- 6379861
TI  - [An objective of the education of mankind: delegated destructiveness. Mass murder
      of psychiatric patients in Hitler Germany].
AB  - The extermination of 100,000 inpatients of mental hospitals and 5,000 mentally
      retarded children in NAZI-Germany under the Hitler regime between 1939 and 1941
      is reported. The ideological precursors of these actions are traced. The
      ethological and anthropological aspects of inner-species destruction in the
      phylogenesis of mankind are traced. Psychological and social conditions of social
      destructiveness under "normal" and exceptional conditions are discussed and the
      consequences for education drawn.

PMID- 6379862
TI  - Inequities in medical care: consequences for health.

PMID- 6379863
TI  - The elderly in Scandinavia: demographic, economic, social and health conditions
      in 1834.

PMID- 6379865
TI  - Functional and social rehabilitation of heart transplant recipients under age
      thirty.
AB  - In the Stanford Heart transplant program, the functional and social
      rehabilitation of heart transplant recipients below the age of thirty has been
      investigated by using data from annual follow-ups with right and left heart
      catheterization, left ventricular (LV) and coronary angiograms and by a health
      survey questionnaire investigation. 24 out of 38 patients who received
      transplants in the period January 1, 1974 to April 1981 were still alive. The
      actuarial survival rates in this group of patients are: 3 months 74%; 1 year 71%,
      3 years 67%, 5 years 50%. The figures are persistently higher than for the total
      number of heart transplant recipients in the Stanford program. 71% of the
      fatalities occurred during the critical first 3 months after transplantation. The
      hemodynamic and angiographic findings were normal in all but 2 patients where
      progressive coronary artery disease had been diagnosed. 23 out of the 24 patients
      completed the questionnaire. 9 patients were back at work, 4 went to school as
      required, 4 were now postgraduate students, 2 studied for self-satisfaction and 4
      patients neither worked nor studied. All patients considered themselves able to
      do some kind of work. All patients were able to walk at least 1 mile and 70% 3
      miles. 87% were able to do heavy domestic work. Hardly any restrictions in
      transportation ability and mostly minor restrictions in the activities of daily
      living were found. Marital satisfaction and sexual function were good in most of
      the patients; 57% were very satisfied, 30% moderately satisfied and 13% not
      really satisfied with their life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6379864
TI  - Bronchopleural leakage treated with fibrin sealant and high-frequency positive
      pressure ventilation.
AB  - In a 62-year-old man, left spontaneous pneumothorax appeared 14 days after right
      pneumonectomy. The large air leakage necessitated thoracotomy and resection of a
      bullous area in the left upper lobe. Pleurectomy was not performed. The air
      leakage continued for 14 more days until, at a second left thoracotomy, numerous
      bullae were oversewn and covered with fibrin sealant. High-frequency positive
      pressure ventilation (90 respirations/min, 21 l/min) was used for the following 6
      hours. After 18 hours there was no more air leakage during spontaneous
      ventilation and the patient made a good recovery.

PMID- 6379866
TI  - Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency: some personal experiences.
AB  - A short review is given on the discovery of the alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, a
      hereditary metabolic defect, in 1963, its biochemical identification, the
      recognition of its typical clinical manifestations and effects on lung
      physiology. Several genetic variants are mentioned. The gradual development of
      the concept of proteolytic digestion of lung elastin by excess of leucocyte
      elastase as a basic phenomenon in the pathogenesis of emphysema is discussed in
      some detail.

PMID- 6379867
TI  - The elastase/alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor balance in the lung. A review.
AB  - Destruction of connective tissue by leukocyte elastase is the major pathogenetic
      event in the development of pulmonary emphysema. In the normal lung alpha 1
      proteinase inhibitor (alpha1PI) and a bronchial mucus inhibitor are present in
      sufficient amounts to effectively inhibit the elastase released from PMN
      leukocytes during phagocytosis. Smoking promotes the development of emphysema by
      upsetting this enzyme/inhibitor balance in at least 4 different ways: 1) The
      macrophage and PMN leukocyte accumulation in the lung and consequently the
      proteinase load is increased; 2) the alpha1PI in the lung may become inactivated
      proteolytically, e.g. by cathepsin B; 3) the alpha1PI as well as the bronchial
      mucus inhibitor can be inactivated by oxidation through "smoke oxidants"
      directly, or 4) through the myeloperoxidase system. Analysis of bronchioalveolar
      lavage fluids confirms that all of these mechanisms do in fact occur, but
      suggests at the same time that the increased enzyme load to the lung may be the
      most important factor in the genesis of emphysema in smokers.

PMID- 6379868
TI  - Two decades of research in the pathogenesis of emphysema.
AB  - Alpha 1 antiprotease is the major antiprotease (or antielastase) in the lungs.
      Neutrophils are the major source of elastase. Elastases damage interstitial
      elastic fibers giving rise to elastase-antielastase imbalance and to emphysema.
      Lung volume and volume-pressure (VP) curve is shifted up and to the left in
      elastase treated hamsters compared to the controls; quasi-static compliance
      increases from 0.52 ml/cm to 0.92 ml/cm in the elastase treated animals. The
      histologic, stereologic and physiologic data of hamster's emphysema are all
      similar to the changes observed in human emphysema. Cigarette smoke is rich in
      oxidants inactivating alpha 1 antiproteases. There is also a decrease in the
      level of alpha 1 antiproteases in lavage fluid of smokers. An intensive search is
      now underway for synthetic antielastases which might be safely given to persons
      who are at risk of developing emphysema.

PMID- 6379869
TI  - [Study of bronchial hyperreactivity by inhalation of measured aerosol sprays of
      methacholine].
AB  - As the usual bronchial provocation tests with methacholine are rather cumbersome
      and time-consuming, an attempt has been made to develop a short screening test
      for routine use. 143 patients with chronic cough or intermittent dyspnea received
      methacholine from a pressurised aerosol (puffer). The response was evaluated by
      spirometric measurement. Among 74 patients with chronic cough, 49 had a
      favourable response to methacholine. 93% were treated successfully with a
      bronchodilator. Among 62 patients with dyspnea, 45 reacted favourably to
      methacholine. All were treated successfully with bronchodilators. The short
      provocation test protocol with methacholine is easy and safe to perform. In cases
      of chronic cough and dyspnea it serves to detect hyperreactive patients who can
      benefit from bronchodilator treatment.

PMID- 6379870
TI  - [Efficacy of the immunostimulant Broncho-Vaxom].
AB  - In a 6-month placebo-controlled double-blind multicenter study in 230 patients
      with recurrent respiratory tract infections, the therapeutic efficacy of Broncho
      Vaxom was demonstrated by comparing infection incidence and severity as well as
      antibacterial medication. Investigators and patients agreed that Broncho-Vaxom
      exerts a significantly greater protective effect than placebo. Reports of side
      effects were more frequent with placebo as compared to Broncho-Vaxom.

PMID- 6379871
TI  - [Multicenter double-blind study of the action of Broncho-Vaxom in chronic
      bronchitis].
AB  - The efficacy of Broncho-Vaxom has been evaluated by a multicentric working group
      of physicians in 75 patients with chronic bronchitis using a randomized double
      blind trial. Initial data of the selected patients showed no significant
      differences in history, previous medication, individual state and spirometric
      lung function values between the control group (n = 39) and the cases treated
      with the test medication (n = 36). After 30-day initial treatment both physician
      and patient favoured the active substance (p less than 0.01) although there was
      statistically no evidence of a curative effect measured by objective criteria.
      Longterm follow-up over a period of six months again revealed a more effective
      course in the Broncho-Vaxom group according to individual observations (p less
      than 0.05). In fact there was an impressive trend towards reduction of clinical
      symptoms with Broncho-Vaxom medication. However, statistical analysis of
      individual symptoms' scores and lung function tests did not show significant
      alterations within the two groups. Taking in account the complexity of bronchitic
      disease, statistical demonstration of a beneficial effect of Broncho-Vaxom with
      respect to clinical symptoms and lung function tests probably needs a longer
      observation period, a larger population and a choice of more sensitive methods.

PMID- 6379872
TI  - [History and background of research on fertilization in mammals].

PMID- 6379873
TI  - [The physiological function of ketone bodies].

PMID- 6379874
TI  - Flash photolysis study of insulin.
AB  - The transient absorption spectra of the initial UV-photolysis products of insulin
      and des-pentapeptide (B26-30)-insulin (DPI) were determined and compared with
      that of free tyrosine. The far-UV band of the spectra (less than 300 nm) has not
      been reported before. Their main initial photoproducts are p-alanylphenoxyl
      radical (lambda max = 410,390 nm) and an unidentified radical (lambda max = 270
      nm). The photolysis yields are closely correlative with the dissociation rate of
      hydroxyl group on phenol ring of tyrosine residues, which in turn depends on the
      exposed degree of these residues. The quantum yields of the phenoxyl radicals
      formed in photolysis of insulin and DPI were determined and compared with that of
      free tyrosine. Based on the comparison, the number of light accessible tyrosine
      residue in insulin and DPI can be calculated, which provides more quantitative
      information on the exposed degree of tyrosine residues in these two proteins.

PMID- 6379875
TI  - Immunosuppressive action of Qinghaosu.
AB  - Qinghaosu, isolated and purified from the Chinese herb, Artemisia annua Linn, and
      identified as a sesquiterpene with a peroxide bridge and lactone structure, is a
      highly potent and non-toxic new antimalaria drug. This paper reports the
      immunosuppressive action of its water soluble derivative (hemisuccinate NA, QHS).
      The remarkable suppression by QHS of the in vitro 3HTdR incorporation by mitogen
      stimulated mouse spleen cells and human peripheral lymphocytes, as well as the
      spontaneous incorporation by mouse thymocytes and blood cells from some leukemia
      patients is presented and its characteristics are described. The in vivo effect
      as shown by quantitative PFC is studied and the difference between the present in
      vitro and in vivo effects is investigated. The possible mechanism of inhibition
      and discrepancy in effects are discussed.

PMID- 6379876
TI  - Boiling drinking water removes ethylene dibromide.

PMID- 6379877
TI  - In memoriam: Doctor Henry Maurice Stratton 1901-1984.

PMID- 6379878
TI  - Lessons to be learned from renal transplantation.

PMID- 6379879
TI  - Removal of neoplastic cells from autologous bone marrow grafts with monoclonal
      antibodies.

PMID- 6379880
TI  - Mismatched family bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 6379881
TI  - Marrow transplantation for congenital disorders.

PMID- 6379882
TI  - CT of localized lucent lung lesions.

PMID- 6379883
TI  - CT of solitary pulmonary vascular lesions.

PMID- 6379884
TI  - CT of solitary cavitary infiltrates.

PMID- 6379885
TI  - A review of post-transplant renal artery stenosis in Singapore.

PMID- 6379886
TI  - Diuretics in pregnancy: a case study of a worthless therapy.
AB  - In the 1960s and 1970s diuretics were used during pregnancy to prevent and treat
      toxemia, but this therapy is now widely condemned as ineffective and harmful. The
      purpose of this paper was to study this example, to learn from it and to help to
      prevent further such examples. Data sources included selected articles in medical
      journals and text-books; in Finland drug catalogues, handbooks, unpublished sales
      data and interviews and questionnaires to physicians; in Sweden drug catalogues
      and sales data; controlled clinical trials were also analyzed. Analysis of the
      controlled clinical trials suggested that the whole episode of wide-spread
      diuretic use in pregnancy could have been avoided, if the available information
      had been used. A reason for the neglect of the critical information was
      apparently that the use of diuretics was in accordance with the common medical
      reasoning which values changes in clinical signs rather than looking for better
      health indicators. Use of diuretics was condemned in Finland later than, for
      example, in the United States, and decline in use occurred prior to the warnings
      in the local literature. Changes in practice seem to have occurred hierarchially
      and locally: opinions of a few leading obstetricians were crucial and they were
      rapidly and effectively disseminated to the providers of antenatal care in the
      domain of each obstetrician. This hierarchial dissemination of information has
      profound consequences for the attempts of understanding and influencing the
      prescribing habits of physicians.

PMID- 6379887
TI  - Early discharge and return to work following myocardial infarction.
AB  - Individuals who have experienced a myocardial infarction (MI) account for the
      largest component of all hospitalization costs and foregone earnings due to
      cardiac disease. Early return to full employment and premorbid activity level
      should be the focus of cost-effective rehabilitative programs. Yet the economic
      benefits of vocational rehabilitation have not been directly researched.
      Therefore, issues of import regarding activity after MI include the timing of
      ambulation, discharge and return to work. Studies of early mobilization and
      discharge are contrasted in terms of methodology and outcome. These cite
      economic, social and psychological advantages, yet these factors are examined in
      isolation of other variables. A review of the literature reveals that there is a
      reluctance by many health professionals to institute such practices based in part
      on the dilemma surrounding selection of specific indicators and risk factors. Yet
      analysis reveals that the contention surrounding these exclusion criteria is
      perhaps unfounded, as the variance is less than is commonly assumed. Recurrent
      themes likewise emerge regarding the multiplicity of variables associated with
      the timing of resumption of employment, which is considered to be the most
      precise index of recovery following an MI. Of these, only early intense
      rehabilitation, directed at attitudinal and behavioural change, is amenable to
      modification by health professionals. Related research endeavours have examined
      employment following aortocoronary bypass surgery, risk factors in the work
      environment and work stressors which occur following MI. Controversy arises
      regarding the correlation of age and personality factors with return to work.
      Discrepancies in research findings are attributed to the diverse approaches to
      data collection, obstacles encountered in measuring psychological states, lack of
      operational definitions, differences in degree of rehabilitation and length of
      follow-up and the absence of controlled trials. Clearly, experimental research
      focusing on the job-related economic and human cost impact of specific
      rehabilitation programs must be conducted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6379889
TI  - [Teaching student nurses the technics of micro-observation].

PMID- 6379888
TI  - An outbreak of shigellosis in an ultra-orthodox Jewish community.
AB  - An outbreak of Shigellosis due to Shigella sonnei, S. flexnerii and S. boydii in
      an ultra-religious Jewish community in Southern Israel is described. The source
      of epidemic was traced to vegetables bought from a single source. The importance
      of epidemic and endemic modes of spread of Shigella is discussed.

PMID- 6379890
TI  - Pulmonary defense mechanisms: friend and foe.

PMID- 6379891
TI  - Some important epochs in medicine.
AB  - One of the problems in attempting to chronicle briefly the great moments in the
      history of medicine is that, like the healing process itself, turning points are
      difficult to pinpoint. There have been surprisingly few "eurekas." In addition,
      unlike the history of corporate bodies or institutions (such as the church and
      the nation state) there is no continuous record, no deliberate account. However,
      the lack of such systemic recording has had its advantage in excluding the
      element of mythology and myopic partisanship. Since we must choose some kind of
      framework, we have (in addition to the arbitrary division into Ancient, Medieval,
      Modern Renaissance, and Enlightenment periods) taken a page from the works of
      August Comte, the eminent 19th Century philosopher, who divided all of history
      into three states: theologic (fictional), metaphysical (abstract), and scientific
      (positivistic). The division is convenient because it not only demonstrates the
      timelessness and transcendence of medicine, but it also makes it obvious that the
      cyclic nature of medical interests continues, even today, to offer a theologic,
      metaphysical, and scientific approach to the problems of health care.

PMID- 6379892
TI  - Serratia marcescens pyarthrosis and osteomyelitis.
AB  - We have reported a case of Serratia marcescens arthritis and osteomyelitis in a
      young man whose source of infection appeared to be a single episode of
      intravenous amphetamine use. Multiple antibiotics and aggressive surgical
      management were necessary to effect a cure. He eventually responded to a three
      week course of amikacin and moxalactam given in conjunction with surgical
      debridement of all involved areas.

PMID- 6379893
TI  - [Problems of organizing care for the wounded soldiers of the Red Army in World
      War II as reported in the newspaper Pravda].

PMID- 6379894
TI  - [I. S. Orlay and N. V. Gogol' (on the 175th anniversary of the birth of N. V.
      Gogol')].

PMID- 6379896
TI  - [Scarlet fever in adults].

PMID- 6379895
TI  - [Clinical characteristics of dysentery in relation to the oxidation-reduction
      features of isolated Shigella].

PMID- 6379897
TI  - [Injury to the pancreas].

PMID- 6379898
TI  - [Treatment of chronic non-ulcerative colitis with purified Escherichia coli
      allergen].

PMID- 6379899
TI  - [Secretion of hormones activating the processes of lipogenesis and lipolysis in
      obesity].

PMID- 6379900
TI  - [Rare forms of botulism].

PMID- 6379901
TI  - [Active surgical treatment and early rehabilitation of patients with trophic
      ulcers of the lower extremities].

PMID- 6379902
TI  - [Surgical treatment of cardial ulcers of the stomach].

PMID- 6379903
TI  - [Dyslipidemia characteristics in arterial hypertension].

PMID- 6379904
TI  - Human renin gene is on chromosome 1.
AB  - DNA sequences encoding kidney renin were localized to region p21----qter of human
      chromosome 1 by Southern blot analysis of mouse-human somatic cell hybrids with a
      cloned human renin DNA probe. The renin gene may be a member of a chromosome 1
      linkage group which is conserved in mouse and man. Available evidence suggests
      this gene is present in one copy per haploid genome. Thus those renin-like
      molecules detected immunologically in tissues other than the kidney (such as
      brain, placenta, uterus, pituitary, vasculature, and adrenal) may be derived from
      this single gene. Since renin messenger RNA in human kidney is about 1550
      nucleotides long, reported molecular weights in excess of 45,000 for circulating
      renin represent posttranslational or postsecretory modifications of the
      polypeptide.

PMID- 6379905
TI  - [Factors influencing the quality of kidneys used in transplantation].

PMID- 6379906
TI  - Recrudescence, recurrence and relapse in malaria.

PMID- 6379907
TI  - The value of autopsy bacteriology. A case report and review of techniques.
AB  - A case of fatal post-traumatic purulent meningitis is described. While no
      antemortem aetiological diagnosis was available, bacteriology yielded a pure and
      profuse culture of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The problem of postmortem microbial
      contamination is discussed and recommendations for appropriate autopsy techniques
      are presented.

PMID- 6379908
TI  - Probable chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in south-western
      Africa.
AB  - Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria has been described in East,
      Central and West Africa. We report on 2 patients with probable chloroquine
      resistant P. falciparum malaria in south-western Africa. Both patients had been
      in northern SWA/Namibia and southern Angola, but had taken prophylactic
      chloroquine. Despite the subsequent administration of adequate courses of
      chloroquine therapy, the parasitaemias failed to clear completely. Eventual
      clinical and laboratory-proven cure was only obtained in 1 case after combined
      quinine and tetracycline therapy. To our knowledge, these represent the first
      cases of probable chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum malaria acquired in this
      area.

PMID- 6379909
TI  - In vitro confirmation of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in southern
      Africa.
AB  - Following strong clinical evidence of the occurrence of chloroquine-resistant
      Plasmodium falciparum infections in southern Africa, an in vitro study on 7 P.
      falciparum strains yielded 2 that were considered chloroquine-resistant.

PMID- 6379910
TI  - Malaria 1984. Part II. Drug-resistant malaria.
AB  - Despite the one-time hope that malaria would be eradicated, this disease is today
      still the world's most common severe parasitic disease involving man. The
      emergence of drug-resistant malaria, especially that due to Plasmodium
      falciparum, in 1961 therefore caused great concern, particularly among those
      seeking to control this scourge. Initially P. falciparum species were resistant
      to a varying degree to chloroquine. Subsequently chloroquine resistance has been
      followed by resistance to almost all antimalarial agents to which the organism
      has been exposed by man. Guidance in the diagnosis and treatment of chloroquine
      resistant malaria is outlined, as well as the difficulties involved. Further
      problems which accompany pregnancy complicated by drug-resistant malaria are
      briefly mentioned. Ways of approaching and possibly retarding the development of
      drug-resistant malaria are discussed.

PMID- 6379911
TI  - Effects of tendamistate on postprandial plasma glucose, free fatty acid and
      triglyceride levels.
AB  - A dose of 400 mg tendamistate or a placebo was given to 10 volunteers in order to
      investigate its effects on plasma glucose, free fatty acid and triglyceride
      levels after a porridge meal. Each subject participated in two phases, in each of
      which they ate porridge prepared from 100 g maize meal together with either
      placebo or tendamistate 400 mg. Serial blood specimens for plasma glucose
      determinations were taken up to 3 hours after the meal, and those for free fatty
      acid and triglyceride determinations up to 14 hours after the meal. Side-effects
      (flatulence and bulky stools) were not severe and were reported after both
      treatments. Tendamistate administration significantly attenuated postprandial
      glycaemia; it had no effect on postprandial triglyceride levels and was
      associated with a reduction in free fatty acid levels.

PMID- 6379912
TI  - South African medicine in the 1880s.

PMID- 6379913
TI  - South African patients and their diseases in the 1880s.

PMID- 6379914
TI  - Mavericks in medicine.

PMID- 6379915
TI  - Correlative relationship between adherence of Candida albicans to human vaginal
      epithelial cells in vitro and candidal vaginitis.
AB  - This study investigated whether a correlation exists between predisposition to
      candidal vaginitis and adherence of Candida albicans to vaginal epithelial cells
      in vitro. Vaginal epithelial cells from 120 fecund women who were pregnant and/or
      diabetic had a greater propensity to bind C. albicans than did 71 oral
      contraceptive users and 75 non-pregnant, non-diabetic controls. The highest level
      of adherence occurred in pregnant diabetic women. Among 48 non-diabetic
      postmenopausal females, C. albicans adherence was lower than for fecund controls,
      but it was higher for cells from 33 postmenopausal diabetic women. The hormonal
      status of the fecund and postmenopausal women was assayed cytologically by the
      Karyopyknotic and Maturation Indices, which determine the ratios of superficial,
      intermediate and parabasal vaginal epithelial cells. Our findings point to
      increased C. albicans adherence in situations where there is an increase in the
      number of intermediate epithelial cells: pregnancy, the first or fourth weeks of
      the menstrual cycle, or diabetes. The adherence of 41 C. albicans isolates from
      patients with vaginitis was significantly higher than that of 36 isolates from
      asymptomatic carriers.

PMID- 6379916
TI  - Factors affecting the phospholipase activity of Candida species in vitro.
AB  - The phospholipase activity of 41 isolates of oral Candida species was determined
      by a plate assay. Seventy nine per cent of the C. albicans isolates were
      phospholipase producers whereas none of the C. tropicalis, C. glabrata or C.
      parapsilosis isolates produced the enzyme. The degree of phospholipase activity
      (Pz value) of individual isolates was remarkably constant despite the large
      variation in activity among different isolates. Experiments with 10 phospholipase
      positive C. albicans isolates indicate that phospholipase production in vitro is
      limited to a narrow pH range (c. 3.6-4.7) and is suppressed by increasing
      concentrations of sucrose and galactose in the media (r = 0.9). Hence, candidal
      phospholipases seem to play a complex role in the aetiopathology of human
      candidoses.

PMID- 6379917
TI  - Enzymic activities of Trichophyton rubrum and the chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear
      leucocytes.
AB  - The enzymic activity of Trichophyton rubrum has been investigated in relation to
      the plasma-dependent chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs). In Boyden
      type experiments use of a cytoplasmic extract of T. rubrum (CETr) produces
      neutrophil chemotactic factor (NCF) from plasma. CETr was shown to have activity
      for eight enzymes: heat treatment of CETr led to a partial loss of activity for
      seven enzymes and a significant reduction in the number of PMNs migrating.
      Addition of CETr to plasma and incubation for 18 h at 37 degrees C before use led
      to complete loss of chemotactic activity. The similar incubation of plasma with
      trypsin led to a complete loss of chemotactic activity. CETr has greater activity
      than trypsin in the production of NCF from plasma. The results are discussed in
      relation to reports on the importance of serine esterases in PMN chemotaxis. The
      failure of PMNs to migrate into keratinized tissue infected with T. rubrum is
      noted and it is suggested that the high enzymic activities necessary for the
      colonization of keratinized tissue effect a breakdown of NCF.

PMID- 6379918
TI  - Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of
      Aspergillus fumigatus intranasal infection of the dog.
AB  - ELISA appears to be a less reliable method than counterimmunoelectrophoresis for
      the diagnosis of nasal aspergillosis in the dog. False-positive or false-negative
      results were recorded for anti-A. fumigatus IgG in nine animals with
      aspergillosis and in 27 disease-free dogs although this problem could be reduced
      with careful selection of antigen.

PMID- 6379919
TI  - Prostatitis syndromes: pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and treatment.
AB  - Prostatitis syndromes are best understood in terms of the anatomy and physiology
      of the genitourinary tract. Infections of the prostate may occur despite numerous
      host defenses of the male lower urogenital tract. Histologic criteria for
      prostatitis correlate imperfectly with clinical and microbiologic findings. It is
      critical to distinguish patients with lower-urinary-tract complaints associated
      with bacteriuria from the larger number of patients without bacteriuria. Careful
      lower-urinary-tract localization studies may then be used to classify patients
      into four diagnostic groups: acute bacterial prostatitis, chronic bacterial
      prostatitis, nonbacterial prostatitis, and prostatodynia. Considerable progress
      has been made in understanding the pathophysiology and developing rational
      approaches for treatment of patients with acute and chronic bacterial
      prostatitis. Unfortunately, few reliable data are available on the etiology of
      nonbacterial prostatitis or prostatodynia. Thus, current therapy for most
      patients with prostatitis syndromes is unsatisfactory. Occasional patients
      develop granulomatous prostatitis, a characteristic histologic reaction of the
      prostate to a variety of insults. Treatment of granulomatous prostatitis depends
      on accurate etiologic diagnosis.

PMID- 6379921
TI  - Symposium on surgical stapling techniques.

PMID- 6379920
TI  - Sexually transmitted organisms and infertility: the proof of the pudding.

PMID- 6379922
TI  - Contemporary stapling instruments and basic mechanical suture techniques.
AB  - This article provides a description and demonstration of the basic linear staple
      closures and anastomoses, as well as of circular anastomoses. Depending on the
      technique used, bowel may be closed in a mucosa-to-mucosa or serosa-to-serosa
      fashion, and comparable results with either modality are demonstrated.

PMID- 6379923
TI  - Errors and pitfalls in stapling gastrointestinal tract anastomoses.
AB  - Gastrointestinal tract anastomoses are safe to perform, provided that the surgeon
      has acquired the knowledge and skill to avoid certain errors and pitfalls. This
      paper illustrates important mistakes relative to esophageal, gastric, intestinal,
      and colorectal anastomoses, and includes methods for avoiding these errors.

PMID- 6379924
TI  - Use of staplers in pulmonary surgery.
AB  - Stapling devices have helped reduce the incidence of bronchopleural fistulas
      after pulmonary resection. They have also simplified the resection of lung
      parenchyma and the closure of large-caliber blood vessels in the hilum of the
      lung.

PMID- 6379925
TI  - Stapling techniques involving lung parenchyma.
AB  - The article describes how mechanical stapling technique may be advantageously
      applied to surgical procedures involving pulmonary parenchyma. Segmental
      resection using the anatomic plane or trans-segmental resection have proved to be
      both practical and effective procedures.

PMID- 6379926
TI  - Varieties of stapled anastomoses of the esophagus.
AB  - The rationale for esophageal replacement or bypass is described, and based on the
      substitute organ chosen, various anastomoses and reconstruction of
      gastrointestinal continuity are demonstrated.

PMID- 6379927
TI  - Stapling techniques in esophageal replacement.
AB  - Either the stomach or the colon can be used to restore deglutition after
      esophagectomy. The use of the EEA and other stapling devices has increased both
      the safety and the speed with which these procedures can be done. This article
      illustrates techniques for the utilization of staplers to perform such
      operations.

PMID- 6379928
TI  - Experience with gastrointestinal stapling at the Massachusetts General Hospital.
AB  - The article describes the reintroduction of the use of stapling devices for
      intestinal suture at Massachusetts General Hospital in 1976, and reviews the
      results. Tabulated data of a large number of procedures performed are presented
      in detail and discussed.

PMID- 6379930
TI  - Varieties of stapled anastomoses in rectal resection.
AB  - This article presents numerous illustrations that show a variety of techniques
      for the restoration of intestinal continuity after low anterior resection. The
      conclusion is that, at extremely low levels, the EEA stapler anastomosis can be
      securely performed at levels at which manual anastomosis would not be possible.

PMID- 6379929
TI  - Stapling in gastroesophageal surgery.
AB  - This article gives a brief history of stapling equipment used in gastroesophageal
      surgery. A variety of surgical procedures, which can be performed on the
      gastrointestinal tract easily and safely with present-day stapling devices, are
      then described.

PMID- 6379931
TI  - Experience with stapling in rectal surgery.
AB  - This review evaluates the use of the circular stapling device for the creation of
      colorectal anastomoses. It emphasizes the meticulous attention to detail that is
      needed to minimize intra- and postoperative complications.

PMID- 6379932
TI  - Evaluation of the safety of end-to-end (EEA) stapling anastomoses across linear
      stapled closures.
AB  - An experimental study involving circular stapled anastomoses across linear
      stapled closures is presented. Although the staples were deformed, cut in two,
      and sometimes uninjured, no complications were found. These data support the use
      of this technique, which is currently employed in clinic practice.

PMID- 6379933
TI  - Stapling technique for primary and secondary rectal anastomoses.
AB  - The EEA stapler now offers an alternative to hand-sewn techniques for primary and
      staged low colorectal anastomoses. The stapler may allow a safer and lower
      resection than was previously possible. A review of 52 primary and 8 staged EEA
      anastomoses is presented, with emphasis on the combined stapler technique.

PMID- 6379934
TI  - Stapling techniques in operations for malignant disease of the female genital
      tract.
AB  - The indications for operation, postoperative complications, and a brief
      description of operative technique are presented. Recent experience with new
      absorbable staplers is reviewed in the surgical closure of the bladder, vagina,
      and proximal end of an ileal loop conduit for urinary diversion.

PMID- 6379935
TI  - Automatic stapling techniques in abdominal hysterectomy.
AB  - A method for abdominal hysterectomy using automatic stapling techniques is
      presented, and a series of 130 cases using metal staples is reported. Advantages
      and disadvantages are discussed. A new development using Lactomer absorbable
      staples is introduced.

PMID- 6379936
TI  - Management of agenesis of the vagina.
AB  - The management of 92 women with vaginal agenesis is presented. All patients were
      managed by a modified McIndoe procedure. Four women (4 per cent) had
      intraoperative or postoperative complications, but only one woman had a
      complication that resulted in failure of vaginal function. We advocate the
      McIndoe vaginoplasty as the primary technique of management for women with
      vaginal agenesis.

PMID- 6379937
TI  - Endoscopic control of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage with a bipolar
      coagulation device.
AB  - It has been difficult to determine the real efficacy of endoscopic treatment for
      upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding sites for several reasons. First, since 80
      per cent of an unselected group are expected to stop bleeding spontaneously, it
      is important to focus upon those individuals who continue to bleed instead of a
      group in whom bleeding would have stopped spontaneously in the majority. Second,
      it is difficult, if not impossible, to have comparable groups of patients with
      similar lesions and similar rates of bleeding who can be randomized into
      different treatment groups. This report describes the use of a bipolar endoscopic
      coagulation device in 28 patients with active massive upper gastrointestinal
      tract hemorrhage who represent 10 per cent of the patients with hemorrhage during
      a one year interval. Endoscopic treatment controlled bleeding initially in 23 of
      these patients. Another eight patients with recent hemorrhage who were at high
      risk for recurrent bleeding (visible vessels) had endoscopic coagulation without
      subsequent hemorrhage. Immediate operations were required in five of the 28 and
      delayed operations in another four. Mortality in the patients treated by
      endoscopic or surgical therapy was comparable (20 per cent), but no patient died
      of hemorrhage. The high mortality in this group of patients is explained by
      associated illnesses. B-C is as effective as other endoscopic treatments for
      nonvariceal sources of upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage. This modality is
      relatively cheap compared with other devices, is theoretically less complicated
      and has minimal risk to the individual patient. Because of these considerations,
      it is a technique which deserves wider application and may become the endoscopic
      treatment of choice for control of upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage.
      Patients with endoscopic control of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding avoid
      perioperative morbidity, have a lower transfusion requirement and may have a
      shorter hospital stay than comparable individuals who require operative control
      of bleeding sites.

PMID- 6379939
TI  - The surgeon's knot tied with one hand.
AB  - We describe herein a technique for tying the surgeon's or friction knot with one
      hand. With practice, this method provides a smooth, rapid way to tie a strong and
      slip-resistant ligature in relatively inaccessible areas. We especially recommend
      using this method for tying slippery synthetic suture materials and for ligating
      structures with inherent elasticity which prevent the surgeon from achieving
      adequate tightness with a simple square knot.

PMID- 6379938
TI  - A growth factor in fine vascular anastomoses.

PMID- 6379940
TI  - Airborne contamination of the operative wound.

PMID- 6379941
TI  - The carcinogenicity of radiation therapy.
AB  - Ionizing radiation as used for therapy for cancer is probably weakly carcinogenic
      at worst. The probability that cancers will be induced at a distance from the
      treatment volume is so small that it can only be inferred from experiences with
      large populations exposed to much higher radiation doses. The risk of cancer in
      and adjacent to the treatment volume also appears to be small, especially in
      adults. Intensive radiotherapy or radiotherapy of children 20 to 30 years ago
      appears to have induced secondary cancers in about 3 to 4 per cent of those
      treated, but modern practice has every expectation of reducing this incidence. No
      precise risk factor can be offered, but it seems likely that less than 3 to 4 per
      cent is a reasonable projection. The reason for the low carcinogenicity in the
      treatment volume probably lies in the fact that the irradiation dose is high and
      many cells are killed rather than transformed. The frequency of the induction of
      radiogenic cancer adjacent to or near the treatment volume is expected to vary
      according to the tissue exposed. It is not estimated to exceed a few per cent in
      the worst instances (for example, breast and thyroid gland) and is much less than
      1 per cent in most tissues.

PMID- 6379942
TI  - Bernard Pertuiset.

PMID- 6379943
TI  - Loyal Davis 1896-1982.

PMID- 6379944
TI  - Stereotactic exploration of the brain in the era of computed tomography.
AB  - Surgical exploration was undertaken in 102 patients with various brain lesions
      using a stereotactic system coupled with computed tomography (CT) scanning. All
      patients were referred for stereotactic surgery because of the critical size or
      location of the lesions and the need to select appropriate postoperative therapy.
      Histologic diagnoses were obtained in 98 patients (96.1%). Direct therapeutic
      intervention using the stereotactic technique alone was possible in 26 patients
      (25.5%). No mortality and no permanent morbidity occurred in this series. Twenty
      six patients had brain lesions that were unsuspected by either clinical or
      neurodiagnostic tests conducted before surgery. Since January 1983, 48 procedures
      were performed in an operating room equipped with a high-resolution CT scanner
      that allowed multiplanar imaging before, during, and immediately after surgery.
      Stereotactic surgery with CT scanning has proved safe and accurate. It is
      believed that histologic diagnoses must be sought in all patients with
      symptomatic brain lesions regardless of size or location. "Empiric" forms of
      therapy are no longer justified in the age of CT scanning.

PMID- 6379945
TI  - Internal carotid artery agenesis: correlation by conventional and digital
      subtraction angiography, and by computed tomography.
AB  - A case is presented of agenesis of the right internal carotid artery in a fifteen
      year-old female with an unrelated seizure disorder. Conventional angiography
      revealed an absent right internal carotid artery, supply to the right anterior
      cerebral artery from the left internal carotid artery, and supply to the right
      middle cerebral artery by anastomosis through the vertebral basilar system. The
      congenital nature of the anomaly was confirmed by intravenous digital subtraction
      angiography, which revealed no portion or remnant of the right internal carotid
      artery to be present, and by computerized tomography of the base of the skull,
      which demonstrated no bony carotid canal on the right side. This is the first
      reported case of internal carotid artery agenesis to be elucidated by intravenous
      digital subtraction angiography. A brief discussion concerning the congenital
      nature of this anomaly is presented, including the role of angiography and
      computed tomography in establishing the diagnosis of this condition.

PMID- 6379946
TI  - Macular edema. A complication of diabetic retinopathy.
AB  - Diabetic macular edema is the leading cause of decreased vision from diabetic
      retinopathy. This decreased vision is caused by an increase in extracellular
      fluid within the retina distorting the retinal architecture and frequently taking
      on a pattern of cystoid macular edema. This fluid accumulates within the retina
      because of the breakdown of the barriers within the retinal blood vessels and
      possibly the pigment epithelium. Diabetic macular edema tends to be a chronic
      disorder. Although spontaneous recovery is not an uncommon occurrence, over one
      half of diabetics with macular edema will lose two or more lines of visual acuity
      within two years. The most promising treatment for diabetic macular edema has
      been photocoagulation. It is recommended that in all patients with diabetic
      macular edema attempts be made to normalize elevated blood glucose, decrease
      elevated blood pressure, and improve cardiac or renal status. Reduction of serum
      lipids by diet or pharmacologic means is an unproven treatment at this time. The
      Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study hopefully will provide more definitive
      information as to whether photocoagulation is effective in various subgroups of
      patients with diabetic macular edema.

PMID- 6379947
TI  - Breakdown of the blood-retinal barriers and cystoid macular edema.
AB  - After reviewing the definition, incidence and main etiologic factors of cystoid
      macular edema (CME) the authors analyze the structural and physiologic
      characteristics of the macular area, including the blood-retinal barriers, and
      the basic concepts of retinal edema. Personal observations on three different
      groups of diseases associated with CME, retinitis pigmentosa, pars planitis and
      aphakia, are presented. CME evaluation was made by slit-lamp microscopy,
      fluorescein angiography and vitreous fluorophotometry. In the situations
      examined, the main factors involved in CME formation appear to be a marked
      increase in blood-retinal-barrier barrier permeability and alterations in retinal
      tissue compliance.

PMID- 6379948
TI  - Pathogenesis of cystoid macular edema: an anatomic consideration of vitreoretinal
      adhesions.
AB  - Although it had been widely accepted that vitreous traction plays a key role in
      the pathogenesis of aphakic cystoid macular edema, vitreoretinal traction is not
      observable in many patients and other hypotheses have also been investigated. The
      authors review the present knowledge of the anatomy of the vitreoretinal
      interface and the pathologic findings in cystoid macular edema. A new hypothesis
      combining the effects of both traction and inflammation is proposed.

PMID- 6379949
TI  - Analysis of animal models of macular edema.
AB  - Various models of macular edema have been studied; however, frank development of
      a prototypical cystoid macular edema has not been observed. In humans, cystoid
      edema is frequently observed in association with other disturbances of the
      retina. Thus, a basic drawback of the animal models may be that an otherwise
      healthy retina is capable of resolving the experimentally produced edema, thereby
      preventing chronic cystoid maculopathy. A review of macular edema models and of
      experimental retinal and brain edema investigations suggests that blood-retinal
      (blood-brain) barrier permeability abnormalities need to be accompanied by
      ineffective edema resolving mechanisms for the production of a chronic edema.
      Intraglial uptake of extravasated serum proteins has been hypothesized to be an
      edema-resolving mechanism in brain edema. As such, the hypothesis that the Muller
      cell may be important to edema resolution appears attractive. Future animal model
      studies should include methodologies whereby edema resolution mechanisms are
      impaired.

PMID- 6379950
TI  - Aphakic cystoid macular edema. The pharmacology of ocular trauma.
AB  - Ocular tissues, like those of other organs, exhibit limited morphologic reactions
      to trauma, i.e., hyperemia, abrupt vasodilation, increased blood flow; increased
      permeability of blood vessels, edema and increased tissue pressure (disrupted
      blood-ocular barrier); and later, a cellular inflammatory response. The cystoid
      macular edema (CME) that occurs after surgery for cataract has a considerably
      higher incidence in more severely traumatized eyes. It is characterized by
      increased perifoveal capillary permeability that may be related either to prior
      vasoconstriction or to vasodilation, and it may be accompanied by a cellular
      inflammatory response either in the (uvea) ciliary body, vitreous, or retina, or
      in combination thereof. Virtually all the physiologic, metabolic, and morphologic
      responses to trauma can be assigned to liberation of endogenous mediators. The
      lesions that occur after ocular trauma may be related to the synthesis and
      release of prostaglandins. There is moderate support for this hypothesis, but
      other or additional endogenous mediators must also be considered as contributing
      to the production of retinal edema as a nociceptive response to trauma. The
      various factors that may contribute to development of CME, and their mechanisms
      of action, are discussed. The speculations and hypotheses contained in this
      review need to be confirmed or denied by applications to the eye of techniques
      that have been used successfully in other organ systems. Adequate prophylaxis may
      be provided by cyclooxygenase inhibitors, but it is more likely accomplished with
      corticosteroids. However, definitive clinical tests have not been done, and it
      should be noted that excellent surgery with minimal disruption of the blood
      ocular barrier is the best prophylaxis for this iatrogenic disease. When the
      lesion is established and does not respond to large doses of corticosteroids, a
      careful study is needed to decide whether vitreous inflammation and/or strand
      formation accounts for the irreversibility.

PMID- 6379951
TI  - Prophylaxis and therapy of aphakic cystoid macular edema.
AB  - Aphakic cystoid macular edema (ACME) can be a visually significant complication
      of modern cataract surgery. Prophylaxis of ACME is preferable to therapy of
      established ACME. Selection of the appropriate cataract operation, control of
      systemic factors, avoidance of topical catecholamines, control of intraocular
      inflammation and use of topical or systemic pharmacologic agents may play a role
      in the prevention of ACME. If it is proven that light toxicity influences the
      development of ACME, filters in operating microscopes or in intraocular lenses,
      cataract glasses, or contact lenses may be helpful. Once ACME is present,
      antiinflammatory therapy has been the main intervention, although its longterm
      value remains uncertain. Surgical approaches of unproven value have included
      photocoagulation, vitrectomy, and removal of an intraocular lens.

PMID- 6379952
TI  - A perspective on the treatment of aphakic cystoid macular edema.
AB  - Concepts related to the pathogenesis of aphakic cystoid macular edema (ACME) are
      presented with reference to possible management considerations. The role of
      certain aspects of cataract surgical technique, laser photocoagulation,
      vitreoretinal surgery and medical therapy utilizing corticosteroids and
      antiprostaglandins are discussed. The difficulties encountered in the evaluation
      of the efficacy of any treatment modality advocated for ACME are reviewed.
      Preliminary results of studies on the medical treatment of ACME currently under
      investigation by the author are also presented.

PMID- 6379953
TI  - Indomethacin in the treatment of postoperative cystoid macular edema.
AB  - The author postulates that prostaglandins and other inflammatory mediators
      synthesized in the ocular tissues during surgery play a role in the manifestation
      of postsurgical cystoid macular edema (CME). Thus, topical indomethacin was used
      before and shortly after intracapsular lens extraction and retinal detachment
      surgery, and was found to reduce the incidence of postoperative CME.
      Radioimmunoassay measurements of prostaglandins in subjects immediately after
      lens extraction and also in subjects with vitreous incarceration to anterior
      segments and persistent CME showed substantially elevated levels of
      prostaglandins. These findings indicate that inflammatory mediators including
      prostaglandins play a role in the manifestation of postsurgical CME. The factors
      that make CME chronic and the rationale for using vitrectomy in persistent CME
      are discussed in relation to the prostaglandin theory. This review primarily
      covers the author's previous studies.

PMID- 6379954
TI  - Annotated bibliography: cystoid macular edema.

PMID- 6379955
TI  - Failure of methylprednisolone, ibuprofen, or prostacyclin to reduce HCl-induced
      pulmonary albumin leak in dogs.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of methylprednisolone (MP),
      ibuprofen (I), and prostacyclin (PGI2) pretreatment on cardiopulmonary
      hemodynamics, arterial oxygenation, and pulmonary alveolar-capillary membrane
      permeability, measured with a gamma-scintigraphic technique, after acid
      instillation in the dog. All animals were placed on their right side and 2 ml/kg
      0.1 N HCl was instilled into the endotracheal tube. Five untreated control dogs
      showed a significant (p less than 0.05) rise in slope index (SI), a scintigraphic
      measurement of pulmonary albumin flux, 30 minutes after acid injury. After 120
      minutes there was a significant rise in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP)
      and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and a decrease (p less than 0.05) in
      cardiac output (CO) and PaO2. Two groups of five dogs each were pretreated with
      MP (30 mg/kg) and I (12.5 mg/kg), respectively. Thirty minutes after acid
      instillation both groups showed a significant rise in the SI, which was
      significantly greater than the values in the control animals in the case of MP.
      By 120 minutes after acid injury all changes in PAP, PVR, PaO2, and CO were not
      significantly different from those of control animals with the exception of the I
      group, which resisted any change in CO throughout the study. Another group of
      five dogs were pretreated with a constant infusion of PGI2 (3 micrograms/kg/min)
      starting 75 minutes before acid instillation. PGI2 produced a significant
      increase in CO that was also greater (p less than 0.05) than the CO in control
      animals before instillation of HCl. Pre-HCl SI in the dogs treated with PGI2 was
      slightly, but significantly, increased over control dogs. The SI and CO remained
      significantly higher than values in control animals 30 minutes after acid injury.
      The SI remained significantly higher than that of control animals at 120 minutes.
      After 2 hours changes in PAP, PVR, PaO2, and CO were without significant
      difference from those of control animals. These data support the conclusion that
      PGI2, I, or MP are not effective therapy for acid aspiration and that PGI2 and I
      may worsen the protein leak by increasing flow across the damaged capillary
      membrane.

PMID- 6379956
TI  - Prostacyclin synthetase activity in diabetic human venous tissue.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to ascertain if alterations were present in the
      prostacyclin synthetase (PGI2ase) activity in diabetic human venous tissue.
      Saphenous veins were obtained from a group of 12 patients with (HSV-D) or without
      (HSV-ND) diabetes who were undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. 14C-Labeled
      prostaglandin endoperoxide (PGH2) was incubated for 2 minutes with venous
      microsomal protein. The products were separated by thin-layer chromatography and
      quantified by radiochromatographic scan. PGI2ase activity was determined by the
      formation of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, the stable breakdown product of prostacyclin
      (PGI2). Results of this study indicate the following: both HSV-ND and HSV-D
      specimens have active PGI2ase and are capable of forming PGI2; there is no
      difference between PGI2ase activity in HSV-D and HSV-ND specimens; and in
      diabetes mellitus, any defects in PGI2 production similar to those associated
      with diabetes in other investigations must reside higher in the arachidonic acid
      cascade.

PMID- 6379957
TI  - Modulators of plasma fibronectin response during sepsis.
AB  - Plasma fibronectin (PFN) depletion has been associated with poor outcome in
      patients with sepsis or those who have experienced trauma; restoration of normal
      levels appears beneficial. PFN synthesis is increased after cecal ligation even
      in malnourished animals with sepsis, implying that stimulation of endogenous PFN
      synthesis is possible. One hundred rats received either a single therapeutic
      agent (gelatin, heparin, indomethacin, urokinase, captopril, or endotoxin) or the
      combination of a cecal ligation and a single agent (cimetidine,
      methylprednisolone, epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA), or transaminomethyl
      cyclohexane carboxylic acid. PFN levels were measured by enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay at 0, 24, and 48 hours. Only endotoxin alone caused
      significant PFN elevation at 24 to 48 hours (p less than 0.01); however, its
      multiplicity of effects precludes localization of regulatory pathways.
      Methylprednisolone results in an accelerated rise in PFN levels after operation
      (p less than 0.05), probably through an intracellular augmentation PFN synthesis.
      EACA attenuates the postoperative response while transaminomethyl cyclohexane
      carboxylic acid augments the PFN rise. This effect of EACA implies the existence
      of a proteolytic fragment capable of stimulating PFN synthesis. If a nontoxic
      factor can be identified, the use of exogenous PFN may be avoided.

PMID- 6379958
TI  - Cyclosporine-induced adenosine triphosphate depletion in murine T and B
      lymphocytes.
AB  - Adenosine metabolism in C57BL/6 mouse spleen cells was studied. Adenosine
      triphosphate (ATP) levels in resting T cells were 26.9 +/- 3.4 ng/10(5) cells
      compared with 16.5 +/- 3.1 ng/10(5) cells in resting B cells. Cyclosporine (CSA)
      caused a prompt and severe ATP depletion in both T and B cells, which could be
      mitigated by the addition of adenosine. B cell ATP levels were returned to normal
      while T cell levels were only partially restored. The adenosine deaminase
      inhibitor erythro-9-(2 hydroxy-3 nonyl) adenine (EHNA) also caused ATP depletion
      in T and B cells, which could similarly be prevented in part by the addition of
      adenosine. However, when CSA and EHNA were combined, adenosine could no longer
      protect ATP pools and severe ATP depletion in T and B cells occurred. This
      suggests that CSA and EHNA affect different steps in the conversion of adenosine
      to ATP. Although both T and B cell ATP levels were affected by CSA, the ability
      of supplementary substrate to restore ATP levels to normal in B cells but not in
      T cells may explain the apparent selective effect of CSA impairing T cell
      functions with sparing of B cell functions. Furthermore, if causing ATP depletion
      is associated with immunosuppressive activity, EHNA may be useful in potentiating
      the immunosuppressive effects of CSA.

PMID- 6379959
TI  - A novel approach to production of antitumor monoclonal antibodies: antibody to a
      cell surface glycoprotein associated with transformation by a human oncogene.
AB  - Transfection is a technique for inducing transformation of normal fibroblasts
      (NIH 3T3) with DNA (oncogenes) from human tumors. Our goal was to determine if
      these transformed cells expressed antigens associated with malignancy. NIH 3T3
      cells were transfected with DNA fragments from a human acute lymphocytic leukemia
      (ALL 1-69), and transformed colonies were selected for growth in soft agar.
      Transfected cells containing human DNA sequences demonstrated by Southern blot
      analysis were used to immunize Balb/C mice. Monoclonal antibodies were produced
      and screened for binding to the parental leukemia (ALL 1-69), transfectant
      (17(2], and 3T3 cells in an enzyme-linked assay. A monoclonal antibody (IgM
      kappa) designated 17-9H3 bound to ALL 1-69 and secondary transfectant 17(2) but
      not to NIH 3T3 plasma membranes. Immunoperoxidase staining confirmed this binding
      pattern and demonstrated that the antigen was expressed on the cell surface.
      Expression of the antigen by transfectants directly correlated with the presence
      of a single 6.1 kilobase human DNA sequence. The antibody binding site of the
      antigen was inactivated by trypsin, glucosidase, and hyaluronidase. Binding of
      the 17-9H3 antibody was selective for acute lymphocytic leukemias (5/8) and
      osteogenic sarcomas (33/36), although other tumor types did demonstrate
      significant binding by immunoperoxidase staining. The majority of normal tissues
      did not bind 17-9H3 with the exception of some metabolically active cells (renal
      tubular epithelium, secretory epithelial cells, and cardiac smooth muscle), germ
      cells, Leydig cells of the testes, and some lymphoid cells. Monoclonal antibodies
      to oncogene-associated antigens may be potentially useful for cancer diagnosis
      and therapy and as probes for oncogene isolation.

PMID- 6379960
TI  - Immunomodulators in the treatment of peritonitis in burned and malnourished
      animals.
AB  - Deficiencies in the immune system that lead to increased morbidity and mortality
      from infectious complications have been well documented in patients suffering
      from trauma, malnutrition, sepsis, and thermal injuries. We investigated the
      potential benefit of immune stimulation for preventing infection in such
      conditions in an animal model by evaluating three drugs: Corynebacterium parvum,
      thymopentin (TP-5), and CP-46,665. One-hundred eighty female guinea pigs were
      rendered immunodeficient by first inflicting a 30% total body surface burn and
      then placing the animals on diets with calories inadequate to maintain body
      weight. One half of the animals were then given one of the three immunomodulators
      on the first, third, and fifth days after burn injury, to try to reverse
      immunodeficiency. The remaining animals received saline solution injections.
      Animal responses were evaluated by inserting a clot containing Escherichia coli
      and Bacillus fragilis into their peritoneal cavity 6 days after burn injury. The
      animals were followed for 21 days after burn injury. Autopsies on those that died
      revealed peritonitis and/or pneumonia; autopsies on these that survived showed no
      pneumonia and there was consistent resolution of peritonitis. TP-5 and CP-46,665,
      but not C. parvum, significantly improved survival rates and mean survival time
      in those animals receiving 100 kcal/kg/day. TP-5 and CP-46,665 may be of benefit
      to the severely stressed, malnourished surgical patient who is at risk of
      bacterial infection.

PMID- 6379961
TI  - Mechanism of the adjuvant effect of hemoglobin in experimental peritonitis: VIII.
      A leukotoxin is produced by Escherichia coli metabolism in hemoglobin.
AB  - Hemoglobin, but not albumin, has long been recognized as an infection
      potentiating factor in experimental Escherichia coli peritonitis, but the
      mechanism has defied definition. We have shown previously that stroma-free
      hemoglobin is not toxic to polymorphonuclear neutrophils. To test the hypothesis
      that hemoglobin provides a nutritional boost to the growth of E. coli in vivo, we
      inoculated E. coli into dialysis bags containing equivalent amounts of stroma
      free hemoglobin or albumin. These bags were implanted into the peritoneal cavity
      of rats and at intervals the fluid was removed and the bacteria enumerated. This
      technique allows for intraperitoneal bacterial growth but eliminates the
      variables of lymphatic clearance and phagocytic ingestion. The growth rate of E.
      coli was the same irrespective of the nutritional supplement in the bag. Thus
      there is no experimental support for the notion that hemoglobin directly
      accelerates E. coli proliferation under in vivo conditions. To test the
      hypothesis that a leukocyte toxin may result from E. coli growth in hemoglobin,
      we exposed normal human neutrophils to the sterilized contents of the peritoneal
      dialysis bags. In vitro function of the neutrophils (viability, random migration,
      chemotaxis, phagocytosis, bacterial killing, and chemiluminescence) was
      significantly depressed by prior exposure to hemoglobin supernatants that had
      supported E. coli proliferation in vivo. Stroma-free hemoglobin had minimal
      adverse effects. Albumin supernatants that had supported E. coli proliferation in
      vivo had significantly less effect on neutrophil function even though the
      endotoxin levels were identical to the hemoglobin E. coli solutions. We must
      conclude that leukotoxins result from E. coli growth in solutions of pure
      hemoglobin. The data support the idea that the infection potentiating effect of
      hemoglobin in vivo is due to such leukotoxins.

PMID- 6379962
TI  - The development of a model of subacute lung injury after intra-abdominal
      infection.
AB  - Acute respiratory failure in humans often follows extrathoracic sepsis. The
      purpose of this study was to determine the effect of repeated episodes of intra
      abdominal sepsis over several weeks on the structure and function of rat lung.
      Intermittent peritonitis and a bacteremia of Escherichia coli and Bacteroides
      fragilis were produced by weekly intra-abdominal implants of gelatin capsules
      containing these organisms (3.0 +/- 1.0 X 10(7) and 5.0 +/- 1.0 X 10(7) colony
      forming units/ml, respectively; mean +/- SEM). After 4 weeks alveolar walls were
      thickened and cellular with focal areas of alveolar space consolidation:
      circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes were increased (12.2 +/- 1.2 to 19.9 +/-
      2.0 X 10(3)/mm3; p less than 0.05), as were plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha
      (0.56 +/- 0.08 to 1.02 +/- 0.18 ng/ml; p less than 0.01). After 8 weeks the
      capillary bed was dilated and the alveolar walls and ducts appeared less cellular
      but showed fibrosis: The WBC count had increased to 25.5 +/- 1.0 X 10(3) (p less
      than 0.01). After 4 or 8 weeks of intermittent sepsis there was no increase in
      the pulmonary artery pressure or vascular resistance or any change in arterial
      oxygen tension, plasma thromboxane beta 2 level, or platelet count. We conclude
      that repeated bouts of sepsis and bacteremia in the rat cause progressive injury
      to lung alveoli without evidence of altered blood gas tensions or pulmonary
      hemodynamics.

PMID- 6379963
TI  - Anticore endotoxin F(ab')2 equine immunoglobulin fragments protect against lethal
      effects of gram-negative bacterial sepsis.
AB  - Gram-negative bacterial sepsis and shock remain a cause of substantial morbidity
      and mortality in hospitalized patients despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy,
      fluid resuscitation, and monitoring. We sought to test the ability of equine
      antibody directed against core endotoxin, a portion of bacterial outer membrane
      lipopolysaccharide common to many gram-negative microorganisms, to bind to
      various gram-negative bacteria in vitro, to promote bacterial phagocytosis by
      leukocytes, and to protect against lethal gram-negative bacteremia in mice. The
      importance of the IgG Fc leukocyte attachment site was examined by comparing the
      ability of intact IgG and IgG F(ab')2 fragments to protect against lethality
      during murine sepsis. A single horse was immunized with Escherichia coli J5, an
      organism that expresses a portion of core endotoxin extensively on the cell
      surface. Preimmunization IgG and F(ab')2 possessed no titer as determined by
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, did not promote in vitro phagocytosis, and did
      not protect in vivo. Postimmunization IgG and F(ab')2 possessed a significant
      titer to E. coli J5 whole cell and lipopolysaccharide antigens and provided
      significant (p less than 0.05) protection in vivo during lethal intravenous
      sepsis caused by either E. coli J5, E. coli 0111:B4, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Only postimmunization IgG, but not F(ab')2, promoted in
      vitro phagocytosis of these same organisms. We therefore hypothesized that
      protection occurred as a result of antitoxin activity rather than opsonization
      and phagocytosis, as F(ab')2 fragments were as active as the intact molecule.
      Further studies must be done to determine the role of anticore endotoxin antibody
      in conjunction with antibiotics so that appropriate clinical studies may be
      undertaken.

PMID- 6379964
TI  - [Does rheumatoid glomerulonephritis exist?].

PMID- 6379965
TI  - [Diagnostic value of a study of beta 2-microglobulin in the blood serum and
      urine].

PMID- 6379966
TI  - [Interaction of antirheumatic preparations].

PMID- 6379967
TI  - [E. A. Arkin--physician and psychologist (on the 110th anniversary of his
      birth)].

PMID- 6379968
TI  - Arteriovenous malformations of the brain: a teratologic challenge.
AB  - Congenital arteriovenous malformations of the brain are lesions which are well
      known to neurologists and neurosurgeons but are puzzling to teratologists because
      they occur sporadically and are unassociated with congenital malformations
      outside the central nervous system. They are recommended to teratologists as a
      field of etiologic and pathogenetic research.

PMID- 6379969
TI  - Maternal toxicity--a possible factor in fetal malformations in mice.
AB  - The assumption that major fetal malformations are indicative of a chemical's
      teratogenic potential was not supported by a literature review of teratology
      studies conducted in mice. In these studies, dose levels of test agents that
      manifested maternal toxicity as suggested by reduction in dam's body weight,
      clinical signs of toxicity, or deaths, also invariably caused reduction in fetal
      body weight, increased resorptions, and rarely fetal deaths. In several such
      studies, conducted with maternotoxic doses of structurally unrelated test agents,
      a consistent pattern of fetal defects was discovered. These defects included
      exencephaly, open eyes, hemivertebrae, fused arches or centra of lumbar or
      thoracic vertebrae, fused, missing or supernumerary ribs, and fused or scrambled
      sternebrae. These defects were absent at drug dosages that were distinctly
      nontoxic for the mother. In a few studies conducted at two or more maternally
      toxic doses, the degree and severity of maternal toxicity showed a positive
      correlation with the incidence and severity of above fetal defects. It is
      hypothesized that maternal toxicity, on its own, may have an etiologic role in
      these fetal defects.

PMID- 6379970
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation in malignant diseases and aplastic anemia.

PMID- 6379972
TI  - Screening for group A beta hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis.

PMID- 6379971
TI  - Post-mastectomy angiosarcoma: case report and review of the literature.

PMID- 6379973
TI  - 1954-1984 with TMA: a look at 30 years of growth and change.

PMID- 6379974
TI  - [Results of a multicenter double-blind study in patients with resistant psoriasis
      and atopic dermatitis. Diprolene ointment vs. Dermovate ointment].

PMID- 6379975
TI  - [Comparative double-blind study of a 0.1% hydrocortisone-17-butyrate cream
      (Locoid) and a 0.1% betamethasone-17-valerate cream (Betnovate) in patients with
      noninfected eczema].

PMID- 6379976
TI  - Promises to keep.

PMID- 6379977
TI  - Innominate artery fistula complicating cervical gastrostomy.

PMID- 6379978
TI  - [Clinical and biological tolerability of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents.
      Methods of study].

PMID- 6379979
TI  - [Role of intracellular free calcium in malignant hyperthermia].

PMID- 6379981
TI  - A survey of surface hemorheological experiments on the inhibition of fibrinogenin
      formation employing surface layers of fibrinogen systems with heparins and other
      substances. A contribution on antithrombogenic action.
AB  - In earlier studies using a modified Weissenberg Rheogoniometer, we found
      decreased rigidity or torque values (tau) in surface layers of heparin plasma,
      when compared to tau of oxalate plasma from the same blood withdrawal (Thrombosis
      Res. 1, 1-17, 1972). In subsequent studies of the viscoelasticity of surface
      layers of highly purified fibrinogen (97-100% clottability) of human and bovine
      origin, we found, with some heparins, marked lowering of surface viscous moduli
      (eta's) and of surface elastic moduli (Gs). With some heparins no changes in tau,
      eta's and Gs occurred. Certain low molecular weight (LMW) preparations of
      heparins showed decreases, but some did not. This is also the case with heparins
      of low and high affinity for antithrombin. Calcium heparin and Ca2+ alone always
      increased eta's and Gs, when added to the fibrinogen system. N-desulfated heparin
      both decreased or did not change eta's and Gs. Preparations of fibrinogen in dog
      plasma, to which sodium heparin was added, resulted in a decrease of tau values.
      These results appear to emphasize that plasma proteins other than fibrinogen, and
      other plasma constituents, may affect surface hemorheological values. These
      findings suggest needed interface studies of fibrinogen systems to which plasma
      or plasma constituents are added. We found also that other substances, i.e.,
      dextran MW 20,000; dextran sulfate MW 17,000; sodium hyaluronate and
      depolymerized hyaluronate decreased tau, eta's and Gs markedly. Recent findings
      in the literature are discussed in relation to thrombogenesis in which
      fibrinogenin gelation is considered as the initial phase of blood clotting.
      Fibrinogenin is the new term for initial fibrinogen aggregation and subsequent
      fibrinogen gelation without thrombin participation. The inhibition of
      fibrinogenin formation extra vivum is considered to be a valid indicator of
      antithrombogenic activity of substances which play a significant role in
      investigations on the therapy and prevention of thrombotic conditions.

PMID- 6379980
TI  - [Pregnancy under captopril].

PMID- 6379982
TI  - [New methods for subcutaneous insulin administration. A year's experience with
      the insulin pump and multiple insulin injection therapy].

PMID- 6379983
TI  - [The 1st heart transplant in Norway].

PMID- 6379984
TI  - Antigenic composition of human renal vascular endothelium assessed by kidney
      perfusion.
AB  - Intravascular perfusion of healthy, viable human kidneys either with human sera
      or with monoclonal antibodies specific for individual HLA-A, B, DR or E-M
      antigens demonstrated that all of these antigens are exposed to circulating
      antibodies and thus can serve as stimuli or targets for immunologic mediators of
      renal transplant rejection. In addition, these antibodies could be recovered from
      the renal vessels by brief treatment with acid buffer.

PMID- 6379985
TI  - Immunolocalization of myosin and tropomyosin in cells undergoing ciliogenesis
      during regeneration of rat tracheal epithelium.
AB  - During the regeneration of the mucociliary lining of the respiratory airways,
      many cells differentiate into ciliated cells. Early stages of ciliogenesis in
      these cells is characterized morphologically by appearance of MTOC, filosomes and
      centrioles throughout the apical cytoplasm. Tracheas removed during the period of
      ciliated cell differentiation which occurs 50-60 hr after minor mechanical injury
      were paraformaldehyde fixed and specific affinity sites for antitropomyosin and
      antimyosin antibodies were demonstrated by an indirect immunoperoxidase
      technique. The epithelium, after development of the osmiophilic reaction product,
      was embedded in epoxy and observed unstained with an electron microscope. Both
      antibodies had similar and specific binding sites in filosomes, MTOCs,
      microfilaments and on the microtubule triplets and foot processes of centrioles.
      Such localization suggests that these mechanochemical proteins may in addition to
      microfilament stabilization and contraction serve a specialized function in
      ciliogenesis.

PMID- 6379986
TI  - A cryofixation study of presumptive hygroreceptors on the antennule of a
      terrestrial isopod.
AB  - The structure of the apical sensilla on the antennule of the terrestrial isopod
      Porcellio scaber was examined in cryofixed and freeze substituted (CRF) and
      chemically fixed and dehydrated (CHF) material. CRF specimens generally showed a
      preservation superior to CHF material. Only in deeper regions did the tissue show
      damage from freezing. Each of the 13-22 sensilla contains two sensory cells. In
      contrast to earlier reports, it was observed that the dendritic segments of these
      cells are arranged in a unique, concentric manner. In CRF specimens the dendrites
      reach the tip of the sensilla and border upon the innermost layer of the
      complicated wall of the peg which is not pierced by pores. Silver-protein and
      lanthanum failed to penetrate the wall of the sensilla and also did not reach the
      dendrites via an apical pore, which therefore is regarded as a molting pore. The
      lymph spaces which, in CHF specimens, are observed around the dendrites and
      beneath the cuticle within the antennal tip are regarded as artefactual. From
      similarities in the dendritic structures to insect hygroreceptors and their
      relationship to the adjoining cuticle it can be assumed that the antennular
      sensilla in Porcellio are sensitive to humidity changes. Mechanoreception and
      chemoreception, however, cannot entirely be excluded as possible functions.

PMID- 6379987
TI  - Acute effect of captopril on serum lipid peroxides level in hypertensive
      patients.
AB  - Captopril, an orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, was
      administered to 15 patients with essential hypertension. The serum lipid
      peroxides level, aldosterone concentration in plasma and blood pressure decreased
      rapidly after administration, while plasma renin activity was not significantly
      changed. It is suggested that inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme by
      captopril offers a possible therapeutic approach to the treatment of
      atherosclerosis complicated with hypertension.

PMID- 6379988
TI  - Presence of connectin-like protein in white blood cells and platelets.
AB  - Connectin is known to be an anchoring protein of actomyosin filaments in skeletal
      muscle. Attempts were made to extract this protein from white blood cells and
      platelets in order to investigate its properties. The purified connectin-like
      protein obtained had a rubbery appearance and was insoluble in water and immobile
      on SDS gel-electrophoresis. Amino acid composition and electron microscopic
      features of the protein were similar to those of skeletal muscles. FITC-labeled
      antibody to the protein showed a positive reaction to the membrane fractions of
      red cells, white cells and platelets. In moving cells fluorescence was observed
      not only in pseudopod, but also in whole cytoplasm. No changes in the
      fluorescence patterns were observed with respect to moving stages or cell types.
      The presence of the protein beneath the cell membrane was also confirmed electron
      micrographically.

PMID- 6379989
TI  - Impaired granulocytes nitroblue tetrazolium reduction in patients with diabetes
      mellitus.

PMID- 6379990
TI  - Mutagenicity testing of agent orange components and related chemicals.
AB  - Components of the herbicide Agent Orange--2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,-D)
      and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) and their esters, and the
      contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)--and related chemicals
      were tested for mutagenicity using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100,
      TA1535, and TA1537. No mutagenic activity was observed for any of the chemicals
      tested.

PMID- 6379991
TI  - Evaluation of the mutagenic potential of endod (Phytolacca dodecandra), a
      molluscicide of potential value for the control of schistosomiasis.
AB  - Extracts of the fruit of Phytolacca dodecandra (endod) demonstrate molluscicidal
      and other biological activities. Since this plant is indigenous to some countries
      where schistosomiasis is a common problem, it has been proposed that it may be
      socioeconomically feasible to employ endod as an aid in the control of this
      disease through its use to control the snail vector. As an initial step in the
      safety assessment of this substance, its mutagenic potential was determined
      utilizing Salmonella typhimurium strain TM677. The seeds and fruit of Phytolacca
      americana, also molluscicidal, were additionally evaluated for mutagenic
      potential. Using a variety of conditions, no mutagenic activity could be
      demonstrated for any of the extracts tested. Thus, subject to the results of
      future safety assessment, endod remains a viable candidate as a useful
      molluscicide.

PMID- 6379992
TI  - [Shigellosis abroad].

PMID- 6379993
TI  - [Epidemiology and prevention of meningococcal infection abroad].

PMID- 6379994
TI  - [Prevention of regenerative disorders in wounds and fractures of the
      maxillofacial area].

PMID- 6379995
TI  - [Design of the borders of partial removable dentures with a metal base].

PMID- 6379996
TI  - [Possibilities of using the extracted crowns of natural teeth in cases of
      orthodontic treatment].

PMID- 6379997
TI  - [Primary rhinocheilognathoplasty of unilateral congenital clefts of the upper lip
      and alveolar process].

PMID- 6379998
TI  - [An outstanding master of plastic surgery, F. Burian].

PMID- 6379999
TI  - [Dental calculus and its effect on the periodontal tissues].

PMID- 6380000
TI  - Protective efficacy of combined administration of lipopolysaccharide of E. coli
      and chemical radioprotectors under conditions of prolonged irradiation.
AB  - We investigated the protective effectiveness of the lipopolysaccharide of E. coli
      (LPS) in a combination with a mixture of chemical radioprotectors in female mice
      of the strain H at various radiation dose rates. LPS in a dose of 0.08 mg per kg
      of body mass was administered 1, 3, or 24 hours prior to irradiation, the
      radioprotective mixture (cystamine 90 mg X kg-1 + 5-methoxytryptamine 15 mg X kg
      1) was administered 10 minutes before irradiation. Dose rates of 612 mGy X min-1
      (irradiation time 10 to 15 minutes), 38 mGy X min-1 (3 to 4 hours), and 8.2 mGy X
      min-1 (27 to 29 hours) were used. The results showed that isolated
      administrations of LPS or of the radioprotective mixture increased the resistance
      of the mice against prolonged irradiation; the combined administration even
      enhanced the efficacy of the radioprotective action. However, this efficacy
      depended on the magnitude of the dose rate. At dose rates higher than 38 mGy X
      min-1 the effectiveness of the chemical protection prevailed, whereas at lower
      dose rates the biological and especially the combined protection became
      effective. We demonstrated a slight pyrogenic effect of LPS by measuring oxygen
      consumption and changes in some parameters of the hematopoiesis.

PMID- 6380001
TI  - [The importance of the sulcus fluid flow rate on early recognition of gingival
      diseases].

PMID- 6380002
TI  - [Metalloceramics for improvement in the prosthetic treatment of the population of
      the GDR. 5: Chemical corrosion studies of the alloy Gisadent NCA].

PMID- 6380003
TI  - Oral contraceptives and stroke.

PMID- 6380004
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of host and donor-derived cells in the
      regenerating thymus of radiation bone marrow chimeras.
AB  - The anatomical distribution of CBA (Thy-1.2) host and AKR (Thy-1.1) donor-derived
      cells in the regenerating thymus of AKR----CBA radiation bone marrow chimeras was
      investigated. Cryostat sections of chimeric thymuses were incubated with biotin
      conjugated monoclonal anti-Thy-1 antibodies specific for host and donor-derived
      cells and the distribution of the corresponding Thy-1 antigen revealed by the
      immunoperoxidase staining technique. The thymus was initially repopulated by Thy
      1.2+ host-derived cells, but by 28 days following bone marrow reconstitution the
      few remaining host cells were found mostly in the thymus medulla. However,
      occasional Thy-1.2+ cells were still present in extramedullary, primarily
      cortical, sites. Donor-derived (Thy-1.1+) cells were first seen in the 11-day
      chimeric thymus as single cells frequently closely associated with blood vessels
      in medullary areas. By 17 days, the cortex contained many Thy-1.1+ cells,
      although occasional single positive cells were still present in the medulla.
      Changes in the anatomical distribution of host and donor-derived cells in the
      regenerating chimeric thymus appeared to correlate with changes in their Thy-1
      fluorescence profile as determined by flow microfluorometry.

PMID- 6380005
TI  - Monoclonal anti thymic cell antibodies detecting epidermal cells.
AB  - Two monoclonal antibodies were obtained from a fusion following immunization with
      human thymic cells. BL6 reacted with an antigen present on 80% of thymocytes
      found in the cortex, but absent from all other circulating or non circulating T
      or B lymphocytes. It immunoprecipitated an antigen of 49 Kd heavy chain with a
      small 12 Kd subunit. BL6 also reacted with dendritic cells of the epidermis
      identified as Langerhans cells carrying histocompatibility class II antigens and
      possessing Birbeck granules. The second antibody, BL7, did not stain thymocytes,
      but reacted with a cytoplasmic antigen of certain thymic epithelial cells. In
      skin sections, BL7 detected a cytoplasmic antigen of the keratinocytes of the
      basal cell layer. These cross reactivities between skin and thymic cells are
      discussed in view of a possible functional similarity between the two tissues.

PMID- 6380006
TI  - Identification of thymocyte progenitors in hemopoietic tissues of the rat. I. A
      quantitative assay system for thymocyte regeneration.
AB  - A quantitative adoptive transfer system is described which can be used to
      precisely monitor the generation of thymocytes and peripheral T cell subsets by
      precursor cells in hemopoietic tissues of rats. This assay utilizes the rat pan-T
      cell alloantigens, A.R.T.-1a and A.R.T.-1b, and the fluorescence-activated cell
      sorter (FACS) to directly enumerate donor- and host-origin thymocytes and T cells
      in irradiated, histo-compatible recipients. The assay has the advantage over
      related systems in that it detects more than 95% of total newly-formed thymocytes
      and T cells at all stages of differentiation; that it is highly sensitive (as few
      as 1% of the appropriate A.R.T.-1 bearing cells can be detected in cell
      mixtures); and that it permits selective recovery of donor-and/or host-origin
      cells for further characterization. The results show that, after a lag period of
      10-12 days, the regenerative kinetics of donor-origin thymocytes are linear with
      respect to time and cell dose, over a range of 2.5 to 50 X 10(6) bone marrow
      cells. Above a threshold of approximately 400R, the regenerative kinetics of
      donor-origin thymocytes are independent of irradiation dose, but are inversely
      related to the age of the recipient. On a per cell basis, bone marrow cells are
      more efficient than spleen cells at regenerating the thymus. By 4 months after
      bone marrow cell transfer, permanent chimeras are established in which the
      proportion of donor-origin T cells approximates that of donor-origin thymocytes,
      and in which the ratio of presumptive helper (W3/25+) and suppressor/cytotoxic
      (OX8+) donor-origin T cells is normal. The assay therefore appears to be suitable
      for following both the purification of prothymocytes from rat hemopoietic tissues
      and the proliferation and differentiation of their progeny in thymus and
      peripheral lymphoid tissues.

PMID- 6380007
TI  - [30 years of national history. The road to Calvary of clinical geriatrics in the
      Netherlands].
AB  - First time in 1953 so called chronically ill aged people in The Netherlands, are
      not only thoroughly examined and treated in a for them specially equipped board
      in a general hospital (Zonnestraal, Hilversum), but at the same time reactivated
      with assistance of physio- and ergotherapists and nurses. Only in 1983 clinical
      geriatrics become officially recognised as a medical specialism. The most
      important happenings during these thirty years 'Via Dolorosa' are described.

PMID- 6380008
TI  - Outer segment disc shedding and phagocytosis in the outer retina.
AB  - The field of outer segment disc shedding and phagocytosis by the retinal pigment
      epithelium is reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on the areas of rhythmic
      outer segment disc shedding and the phagocytosis defect in the retinal pigment
      epithelium of the RCS rat with inherited retinal dystrophy.

PMID- 6380009
TI  - Retinal pigmented epithelium culture: current applications.
AB  - Laboratory investigations of the ability of human and other Retinal Pigmented
      Epithelium cells to survive have provided guidelines for the handling and
      preparation of RPE from normal and pathologic eyes for culture. Rapid post-mortem
      enucleation and rapid cooling and storage at 4 degrees C, if immediate processing
      is not possible, are crucial to the regular, successful establishment of RPE
      cells in vitro. Cultured cells have been used to investigate the composition and
      biologic activity of various intraocular tissues, including the RPE by itself and
      in combination with other cell types. Although cultured RPE cells lack certain
      activities associated with RPE in vivo, they do retain a number of differentiated
      functions and, thus, are useful in the investigation of questions related to the
      promotion of differentiation, survival, fluid transport and extracellular matrix
      production, among others. Future refinements and improvements in culture
      conditions should augment the utility of these cells in vision research.

PMID- 6380010
TI  - The relationship between the in vitro response of Plasmodium falciparum to
      chloroquine, quinine and mefloquine.
AB  - We have measured the in vitro response of several isolates of Plasmodium
      falciparum to chloroquine, quinine and mefloquine. We show that parasites which
      are resistant to chloroquine also have a reduced sensitivity to quinine. However,
      there appears to be no correlation between chloroquine resistance and reduced
      sensitivity to mefloquine. We conclude that the emergence and spread of
      chloroquine resistance could also be establishing a population of parasites with
      a reduced sensitivity to quinine which may provide the basis for the eventual
      emergence of quinine resistance.

PMID- 6380011
TI  - Changes in the trend of shigellosis in Dhaka: family study on secondary
      infection, clinical manifestation and sensitivity pattern: 1980.
AB  - The incidence of shigellosis and the death rate have increased and the resistance
      of shigellae to antibiotics has changed in Dhaka during our experiences. In 1980,
      we investigated the secondary infection and case rates, infection to case ratio,
      duration of illness, excretion of shigellae and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in
      100 families with cases of shigellosis, culturing rectal swabs obtained by home
      visits for a 10-day period. Standard methods were used for culture and
      sensitivity tests. The over-all secondary infection rate in contacts was 27.3%
      and the case rate 10.7%. The rates were higher for Shigella flexneri than for Sh.
      dysenteriae. When the index cases were nought to four years old the secondary
      infection and case rates were higher than when index cases were older. Contacts
      aged nought to four years had highest attack rates. The average duration of
      excretion of Sh. flexneri was 4.5 and Sh. dysenteriae 2.6 days. Illness was one
      day longer for Sh. dysenteriae than for Sh. flexneri. Cases of shigellosis in
      hospital had higher rates of fever and blood in stool than those who were not in
      patients. 40% of Sh. dysenteriae and 14% of Sh. flexneri were sensitive to
      tetracycline, 0 to 5% to streptomycin and 100% to sulphamethoxazole, trimethoprim
      and gentamicin. Incidence of Sh. flexneri had increased in 1980 but that of Sh.
      dysenteriae remained the same as in 1973 although Sh. dysenteriae type 1 appeared
      to be less infective in 1980 than in 1973.

PMID- 6380013
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies demonstrate similarity of surface antigens on different
      clones of Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula.
AB  - Previous work has demonstrated wide variation in the susceptibility of different
      clones of Schistosoma mansoni to resistance in mice induced by a small
      schistosome infection. Eight monoclonal antibodies directed against individual
      surface antigens of juvenile schistosomes (schistosomula) were used to determine
      the distribution of these antigens among clones of schistosomula. All eight
      antigens were detected on the surface membranes of the 32 clones of schistosomula
      tested. This result implies that polymorphism of schistosomula surface antigens
      is very unlikely to be the cause of the variation in susceptibility of different
      clones to resistance in mice. Absence of heterogeneity among surface antigens of
      schistosomula may facilitate experimental vaccination aimed against these
      putative target antigens.

PMID- 6380012
TI  - Absence of malaria mortality in villagers with chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium
      falciparum treated with chloroquine.
AB  - We carried out a series of malaria studies in Robek , Flores, Indonesia, a
      coastal village of 900 farmers and fishermen where malaria is hyperendemic by
      parasite rate and holoendemic by spleen rate. The studies showed that: (i) 28 of
      31 isolates (90%) of Plasmodium falciparum were resistant to chloroquine in
      vitro, (ii) 3 of 12 isolates (25%) were resistant at the R-11 level in vivo,
      (iii) 376 P. falciparum infections occurred in 301 individuals during one year,
      (iv) no villagers who were treated with chloroquine for P. falciparum infections
      during the year died, and (v) increasing the dosage of chloroquine base from 15
      to 25 to 37.5 mg/kg led to improved clearing of parasitaemia. We conclude that
      chloroquine can still be used as the primary antimalarial in Robek , but the
      dosage may have to be increased to clear parasitaemia.

PMID- 6380014
TI  - Zymodeme and species specificities of monoclonal antibodies raised against
      Trypanosoma cruzi.
AB  - A series of hybrid cell lines was generated by the fusion of Sp2/0 myeloma cells
      with spleen cells from BALB/c mice that had been immunized or infected with
      Trypanosoma cruzi zymodemes (Z1, Z2, Z3 ). Four immunoglobulin isotypes, IgM,
      IgG1, IgG2a and IgG3 were represented amongst the monoclonal antibodies secreted
      by 22 hybridoma clones. On indirect immunofluorescence (IFAT) antibodies bound to
      flagellum, cytoplasm, cell membrane or stained the whole organism. Two antibodies
      were epimastigote-specific. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and a dot
      immunobinding test were used to evaluate the zymodeme and species specificities
      of 13 antibodies: four reacted with all T. cruzi zymodemes tested, two reacted
      strongly with all except Z1, two predominantly with Z1, two predominantly with
      Z2, and three predominantly with Z3 . Two IgM antibodies cross reacted with
      Trypanosoma rangeli, T. brucei, Leishmania mexicana, L. braziliensis and L.
      donovani. Five antibodies were used in a preliminary immunobinding test,
      performed blindly, to compare monoclonal reactivities and zymodeme groups. The
      results suggested a correlation between the two methods of characterization. Anti
      T. cruzi monoclonal antibodies are considered to have important applications to
      epidemiological studies and the improved diagnosis and prognosis of Chagas'
      disease.

PMID- 6380015
TI  - Food and water hygiene and diarrhoea in young Gambian children: a limited case
      control study.
AB  - During the annual rainy season epidemic of diarrhoea in The Gambia, two groups of
      urban children were identified, one of which remained completely free of
      diarrhoea and another in which diarrhoeal prevalence exceed 30% over a period of
      three months. Microbiological studies on the food and water consumed by these
      children during one day showed widely varying degrees of contamination in both
      groups. No difference was observed in levels of contamination, faecal or
      otherwise, between the two groups. The real problem seemed to lie in accounting
      for the freedom from diarrhoea of some children rather than explaining possible
      causes of morbidity in others.

PMID- 6380016
TI  - Clonal diversity in a single isolate of the malaria parasite Plasmodium
      falciparum.
AB  - Clones of an isolate of Plasmodium falciparum from Mae Sod (Thailand) were
      prepared by a dilution procedure. Some of the parasite cultures thus obtained
      have been typed for the following characters: (i) electrophoretic variants of
      three enzymes; (ii) susceptibility to chloroquine and pyrimethamine; (iii)
      antigen diversities recognized by ten strain-specific monoclonal antibodies; (iv)
      presence or absence of knobs on infected erythrocytes and (v) two-dimensional
      PAGE variants of seven proteins. Amongst the clones there was variation involving
      each of these five characters. At least seven different types of clones were
      found in ten cultures produced by dilution. The amount of phenotypic variation
      within a single isolate has thus been shown to be surprisingly great. Variations
      in drug susceptibility and antigens are considered to be particularly important
      in view of their relevance to anti-malarial treatments.

PMID- 6380017
TI  - Uptake of [3H] dihydroartemisinine by erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium
      falciparum in vitro.
AB  - Artemisinine ( qinghaosu ) was reduced and radio-labelled using tritiated
      borohydride. The tritiated dihydroartemisinine produced was differentially
      accumulated from low concentrations in culture medium into erythrocytes infected
      with Plasmodium falciparum. Uninfected erythrocytes concentrated the drug less
      than two-fold whereas infected erythrocytes achieved more than 300 times the
      medium concentration. The uptake process is reversible and saturable, with a
      dissociation constant (Kd) at the hypothetical receptor of 10.5 nmol.l-1.
      Competition studies indicate that the receptor is the same as that for artemether
      , another quinghaosu derivative. Chloroquine showed an interesting partial
      inhibition of uptake but was unable to release the bound radio-labelled drug from
      infected cells.

PMID- 6380019
TI  - Anopheles (Cellia) balabacensis Baisas is a vector of Wuchereria bancrofti in
      Sabah, Malaysia.

PMID- 6380018
TI  - Decreased chloroquine sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum in two Italian
      travellers from Madagascar.

PMID- 6380020
TI  - R-III chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria from northern Malawi.

PMID- 6380021
TI  - Hepatocytes as feeder-layers for in vitro cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum
      blood-stages.
AB  - To improve the in vitro growth of Plasmodium falciparum we attempted to cultivate
      its erythrocytic stages on monolayers of functionally active hepatocytes.
      Hepatocytes from Swiss Albino mice were isolated by perfusing the liver with a
      collagenase solution and were co-cultured with a liver epithelial cell type in
      RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% human umbilical cord serum. The results
      show that the presence of hepatocytes improves both the multiplication rates of
      three strains of P. falciparum already in cultivation and the proliferation of
      freshly isolated strains. Of nine primary isolates tested, only three could be
      adapted in the standard conditions, whereas all grew readily in the presence of
      hepatocytes. After two to three weeks of culture with feeder cells, all the
      strains could be maintained continuously in standard conditions. Similar results
      were obtained using hepatocytes from another rodent species. Growth was also
      improved using the supernatant from hepatocyte cultures. No improvement resulted
      from the use of two human hepatoma cell lines, one rat hepatoma, human embryonic
      lung fibroblasts, human liver fibroblasts and rat liver epithelial cells as
      feeder layers. From these results it appears that better culture media can be
      designed and that the effect of hepatocytes is probably related to the specific
      functions exhibited by these cells. Hepatocytes may act either by removing toxic
      substances, particularly lactic acid in the Krebs and Cori cycles, and/or
      supplying nutrients essential to the parasite.

PMID- 6380022
TI  - Infectivity to mosquitoes of Plasmodium falciparum clones grown in vitro from the
      same isolate.
AB  - In an attempt to produce a line of cultured Plasmodium falciparum parasites
      consistently infective to mosquites, a Brazilian isolate, IMTM 22, was cloned by
      the limiting dilution method. Five of the resulting clones were examined in
      detail. The clones were found to differ in their ability to produce micro- and
      macrogametocytes, to exflagellate and to infect Anopheles freeborni mosquitoes.
      The stability of one clone in producing microgametocytes and in its ability to
      produce oocysts and sporozoites in mosquitoes has been documented through 15
      subcultures. This clone should provide a reliable source of infectious
      gametocytes for genetic studies and vaccine development.

PMID- 6380023
TI  - Cerebral malaria in Tanzania. Its epidemiology, clinical symptoms and
      neurological long term sequelae in the light of 66 cases.
AB  - A neurological study of 66 patients with the cerebral form of Plasmodium
      falciparum malaria is presented. The patients were diagnosed, treated and re
      examined at the Mnero Hospital, south-east Tanzania. Epidemiological aspects,
      neurological symptoms and the results of re-examination within six months of
      discharge from hospital are described. Although the mortality rate was low, some
      degree of neurological disability could be detected in a number of children at
      the follow-up examination.

PMID- 6380024
TI  - Concomitant resistance to pyrimethamine and cycloguanil of chloroquine-resistant
      falciparum malaria from East Africa: an in vitro study of 12 isolates.
AB  - The susceptibility of 12 isolates of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine,
      pyrimethamine and cycloguanil was studied in vitro after adaptation of the
      isolates to continuous culture by a 48-hour single-step multiplication inhibition
      assay. All of seven isolates imported from Tanzania since 1981 proved chloroquine
      resistant and six of these had an IC50 above 0.64 X 10(-6)M suggesting RII-RIII
      resistance. All chloroquine-resistant isolates were concomitantly resistant to
      pyrimethamine (IC50 above 10(-6)M). All chloroquine and pyrimethamine-resistant
      strains had IC50 values for cycloguanil of at least 0.6 X 10(-6)M which is higher
      than the Malayan (Camp.) strain studied in vitro and known to be
      proguanil/cycloguanil-resistant in vivo. Cycloguanil is the active metabolite of
      proguanil, and this result makes it doubtful whether proguanil would be a more
      effective prophylactic than chloroquine in East Africa, and whether any advantage
      over chloroquine alone would be derived from a combination of the two.

PMID- 6380025
TI  - Low dosage diethylcarbamazine administered by villagers for the control of
      timorian filariasis.
AB  - The results of mass treatment using low dosage diethylcarbamazine (DEC) in three
      small villages in West Flores, Indonesia, endemic for Brugia timori are
      described. DEC was distributed on a weekly basis by motivated persons in the
      community to nearly all villagers for 18 months. An educational programme was
      developed which focused on describing the relationship between microfilaraemia,
      vector and disease manifestations, the danger of repeated attacks of
      adenolymphangitis, and the efficiency of DEC in eliminating the parasites and
      attacks. During the consolidation phase motivated persons were assigned to treat
      promptly all cases with acute filariasis and to distribute DEC to all new
      residents. With this programme the microfilaria rates decreased to very low
      levels, even as detected by the use of membrane filtration techniques. The
      adenolymphangitis rates also decreased. An unexpected bonus was the cure of
      "elephantiasis" in many people. Mild side effects attributed to DEC were
      encountered only during the first few weeks of treatment.

PMID- 6380026
TI  - Diagnosis of typhoid fever using a string capsule device.
AB  - Cultures were made from blood, bone marrow, stool and duodenal contents (obtained
      with string capsules) from 36 patients with bacteriologically proven typhoid
      fever on admission to hospital. Duodenal content cultures proved to be as
      sensitive in diagnosis (86%) as bone marrow (75%) and more effective than blood
      (42%) and stool (26%) cultures in recovery of Salmonella typhi. The sensitivity
      of duodenal content cultures was not modified by the duration of illness at
      admission or by previous antibacterial therapy. Even on the seventh day of
      effective treatment with chloramphenicol, the culture of duodenal contents
      remained positive in 8 of 17 patients, whereas salmonellae were isolated from
      stool cultures in only 2 of the same patients. The results obtained with the
      string capsule, together with the simplicity, economy and acceptability of the
      procedure, the fact that it can be performed with minimal facilities and the
      advantages of bacteriological recovery for antibiotic sensitivity testing,
      suggest that its adoption would be very helpful in efforts to control this
      disease.

PMID- 6380027
TI  - R-II chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria from Burundi.

PMID- 6380028
TI  - Establishment of Ancylostoma ceylanicum adult infection in Plasmodium berghei
      infected albino mice(Mus musculus)

PMID- 6380029
TI  - Plasmodium vivax: micro in vitro test for assaying chloroquine susceptibility.

PMID- 6380030
TI  - The response of Plasmodium vivax to antifols.

PMID- 6380031
TI  - Changing pattern of malaria in Nyarutovu(Rwanda)

PMID- 6380032
TI  - Plasmodium vivax multinucleatum on Papua New Guinea?

PMID- 6380033
TI  - A simple method for isolating Plasmodium berghei-infected erythrocytes from
      experimentally infected animals.

PMID- 6380034
TI  - Transfusion of plasma components.

PMID- 6380035
TI  - Protection against hemolysis in ABO mismatched renal transplantation.
AB  - The kidneys from a blood group O cadaver donor were transplanted into two
      patients whose blood groups were B and A2B. The former developed a positive
      direct antiglobulin test (DAT) and hemolysis due to anti-B; the latter also
      developed a positive DAT, but due to anti-A. However, this second patient, unlike
      the first, did not have any hemolysis. Both patients were on the same
      immunosuppression regimen with cyclosporine. The possible protective roles of
      patients' ABO subgroup and blood group substances in plasma are discussed.

PMID- 6380036
TI  - Preservation of ischemically injured canine kidneys by retrograde oxygen
      persufflation.
AB  - Canine kidneys were briefly perfused with Ross and Marshall's hypertonic citrate
      solution and stored at O C. This study concerns the effect, during such storage,
      of insufflating various gases via the renal vein and allowing the gas to escape
      through needle perforations of the renal surface. We were able to confirm the
      finding of Ross and Escott that kidneys that have suffered 30 min of warm
      ischemia prior to preservation, will, if oxygen is so "persufflated" during 24 hr
      storage, provide life-supporting function when subsequently auto-grafted.
      Moreover, we were able to extend the preservation period to 48 hr after 30 min
      warm ischemia, and to achieve 24-hr preservation after 60 min of warm ischemia.
      Oxygen was essential: our results suggest that air is less effective than pure
      oxygen, and we found inert gases to be completely ineffective. Uniformly high
      oxygen tensions were measured throughout the kidneys during storage, but we were
      unable to demonstrate any resynthesis of adenosine triphosphate and adenosine
      diphosphate. The mechanism responsible for the effectiveness of retrograde oxygen
      persufflation remains obscure.

PMID- 6380037
TI  - Bredinin treatment in clinical kidney allografting.
AB  - Bredinin, a new nucleoside antibiotic isolated from Eupenicillium brefeldianum,
      and steroids were used as immunosuppressive agents in 31 renal transplant
      patients; 17 of them received grafts from living-related donors and 14 from
      cadavers. The one-year graft survival rates were 100% in renal recipients from
      living donors and 69.2% in cadaver kidney recipients. There was no serious
      complication from the use of these immunosuppressive agents.

PMID- 6380038
TI  - Cadaver renal transplantation ignoring peak-reactive sera in patients with
      markedly decreasing pretransplant sensitization.
AB  - A review of more than 3000 cadaver donor renal allograft recipients transplanted
      between June 1977 and July 1982 as part of the South-Eastern Organ Procurement
      Foundation (SEOPF) Prospective Study was performed to identify patients who
      received a transplant following a significant decrease in pretransplant
      sensitization as measured by the percentage of panel-reactive antibody (PRA).
      Such patients were identified as having had a most reactive (historical peak
      sera) PRA level at least 40 percentage points higher than their last sample
      tested prior to transplant (current sera). Additional data were obtained on 157
      of these patients, who also had no history of pretransplant immunosuppression and
      had a negative pretransplant crossmatch with current sera. Data included the
      dates of pretransplant sera samples, the specific techniques used for each serum
      sample that was crossmatched or screened for PRA, and the serological results.
      The population studied included 17 of 87 first-transplant recipients and 17 of 70
      regrafted recipients whose pretransplant crossmatches with peak sera were
      positive or not done. These subgroups showed no decrease in graft or patient
      survival compared with cohorts (70/87 first-transplant recipients and 53/70
      regrafted recipients) for whom peak sera crossmatching was performed with
      negative results. Additional stratification for the techniques used in
      crossmatching and screening, as well as the interval between peak and current PRA
      levels, showed no significant associations with eventual graft or patient
      outcome. These results suggest that crossmatch testing using peak sera may not be
      important in predicting eventual graft or patient outcome for patients with a
      marked decrease in PRA prior to transplantation and a negative crossmatch with
      current sera.

PMID- 6380039
TI  - Influence of changes in pretransplant sensitization on patient and graft survival
      in cadaver renal transplantation.
AB  - Analysis of 2778 primary and 606 regrafted cadaveric donor renal allograft
      recipients transplanted between June 1977 and July 1982 as part of the South
      Eastern Organ Procurement Foundation (SEOPF) Prospective Study was performed to
      determine the influence of changes in presensitization on graft and patient
      outcome. Four mutually exclusive groups of patients were identified based on the
      relative difference in the percentage of panel-reactive antibody (PRA) from
      highest ever (peak) to most recent (current) pretransplant levels as follows:
      group 1 (unsensitized): peak = current PRA = 0; group 2 (rising or stable PRA):
      (peak = current PRA) greater than 0; group 3 (small decrease): (peak - current
      PRA) = 1-40%;) and group 4 (large decrease): (peak - current PRA) greater than
      40%. First-transplant recipients in group 4 had significantly higher mortality
      when compared with groups 1-3 (P less than 0.002). This decrease in patient
      survival was evident at 6 months (81% +/- 4 vs 91% +/- 1) and persisted to three
      years (68% +/- 8 vs 78% +/- 2), and it was associated with a significant (P less
      than 0.037) increase in death from infectious causes. This finding was even more
      striking when only transfused recipients were considered: at three years the
      difference in patient survival was 63% +/- 11 vs. 77% +/- 2. In addition,
      transfused patients with a decrease in pretransplant PRA of greater than 40% had
      significantly lower overall graft survival (P less than 0.02) and a higher
      incidence of irreversible graft rejection (50% +/- 8 vs 33% +/- 1 at two years).
      For regrafted recipients, there were no differences in patient survival among
      groups, but those in group 4 had significantly lower graft survival (P less than
      0.0033) than groups 1-3. These findings suggest that a substantial decrease in
      PRA prior to transplant does not necessarily indicate a decrease in potential
      donor alloreactivity, and in first-graft recipients it may reflect an increased
      susceptibility to life-threatening infections following transplantation.

PMID- 6380040
TI  - The response to interferon of NK and K cells from conventionally immunosuppressed
      and cyclosporine-treated renal allograft recipients.
AB  - Interferon is a potent stimulator of natural killer (NK) and killer (K) cell
      activity in human beings, both these cytotoxic functions representing host
      defense mechanisms against viral infections and lymphoid malignancy. Both NK and
      K cell functions are markedly impaired in conventionally immunosuppressed
      allograft recipients but coincubation of lymphocytes from these patients with
      purified human lymphoblastoid interferon considerably augments both these
      activities. Cyclosporine immunosuppression causes only a moderate, but
      significant, impairment of NK activity--but K cell activity appears to be normal.
      Again IFN increases NK activity of the lymphocytes of these patients but produces
      a fall or only moderate increases in K cell activity. We conclude that these data
      support the functional distinction between NK and K cells and suggest that
      immunosuppressive agents act at the pre-NK/K cell stage of maturation, though
      possibly via different mechanisms.

PMID- 6380041
TI  - Cellular immunoabsorption using monoclonal antibodies. Selective removal of T
      cells from peripheral blood and bone marrow.
AB  - T cells can be selectively removed from human peripheral blood and bone marrow by
      passage over a column containing monoclonal anti-T-cell antibodies covalently
      attached to Sepharose 6MB gel. Effective depletion of T cells from peripheral
      blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) resulted in the appearance of Leu-2-positive
      cells, most of which do not express Leu-1 or Leu-4 antigens. Using a column
      containing anti-Leu-1 or anti-Leu-4 attached to Sepharose 6MB gel, depletion of
      98.3% and 99% of T cells from bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC), respectively,
      was demonstrated with recovery of approximately 75% of non-T cells. These columns
      removed 92.3-98.4% T cells from PBMC with 43.5-74.8% recovery of non-T cells.
      Combining anti-Leu-1 and anti-Leu-4 antibodies on the same gel removed all
      detectable T cells from PBMC and BMMC. Proliferative responses to the T cell
      mitogen, phytohemagglutinin, were abolished from both PBMC and BMMC after column
      treatment. Preservation of hematopoietic progenitors was observed after treatment
      of bone marrow, with stem cell recovery averaging 83 +/- 26% for burst-forming
      units (erythroid), 86 +/- 14% for granulocyte-macrophage progenitors and 94 +/-
      16% for granulocyte, erythroid macrophage, and megakaryocitic elements. These
      results suggest that clinical application of cellular immunoabsorption techniques
      using monoclonal antibodies will be useful in bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 6380042
TI  - Phenotype and histological distribution of interstitial dendritic cells in the
      rat pancreas, liver, heart, and kidney.
AB  - The phenotype and the histological distribution of interstitial dendritic cells
      was investigated in the rat pancreas, liver, heart, and kidney by
      immunoperoxidase techniques. Monoclonal antibodies, directed against lymphocyte
      differentiation antigens (W3/25, W3/13, and Ox8) or against Ia antigens, revealed
      distinct phenotypes of these cells in all organs investigated--namely W3/25+Ia-
      dendritic cells, W3/25+Ia+ cells, and a small W3/25-Ia+ population. In the kidney
      cortex a W3/25+W3/13+ population was additionally shown. Interestingly, the
      phenotypically distinct cell populations also differed in their topographical
      distribution: W3/25+Ia+ cells were evenly scattered in the interstitium of the
      endocrine and exocrine pancreas, heart, and kidney. In contrast, W3/25+Ia- cells
      showed an additional predilection for connective tissue septa in the exocrine
      pancreas and for the kidney medulla. In the liver, phagocytic Kupffer cells were
      W3/25+Ia-, whereas the W3/25+Ia+ nonphagocytic dendritic cell population resided
      periportally and around central veins. These results show a marked heterogeneity
      of interstitial dendritic cells in the rat, which is discussed in terms of
      different cell lines or different activation or maturation stages of one single
      cell type.

PMID- 6380043
TI  - Influence of a skin allograft on frequencies of CTL precursor in peripheral blood
      of the dog.
AB  - Alloantigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and their precursors (CTL-P)
      have been determined in the peripheral blood of skin allografted dogs. CTL-P
      frequencies increased rapidly after transplantation and reached maximal values
      after complete rejection of the skin allograft. Differences in the time response
      kinetics of CTL-P frequencies between recipients were not correlated with the
      length of graft survival. The CTL-P frequencies declined after days 13-20 and
      appeared still to be elevated 30 days after rejection of the graft.

PMID- 6380044
TI  - Variable response to donor-specific blood transfusion in the rat.
AB  - In an attempt to study the generality of effect of donor-specific blood
      transfusions (DSBT) in inducing immunologic unresponsiveness, the survival rates
      of heart, pancreas, and skin allografts were compared in blood-pretreated
      animals. DSBT, when given in a single-dose or multiple-dose protocol, prolonged
      cardiac allograft survivals in some strain combinations (F----L, LBN----L), but
      not in others (BN----L, ACI----L, ACI----WF). Antilymphocyte serum further
      prolonged survivals in protocols in which blood pretreatment was effective, and
      proved capable of reversing a state of sensitization in rats treated with
      multiple small-volume transfusions. In no case did the protection afforded the
      cardiac allografts extend to pancreatic or skin allografts, even with the use of
      nonspecific immunosuppression and a weak histocompatibility barrier. Third-party
      cardiac allografts were not protected by the blood pretreatment, attesting to the
      specificity of the transfusion effect. Addition of azathioprine during the blood
      pretreatment neither interfered with nor significantly improved the results seen
      with transfusion alone. The graft prolongation that follows blood pretreatment
      appears to be influenced by many factors, such as donor-host histocompatibility,
      the specific tissue transplanted, the blood transfusion schedule, and the use of
      adjunctive immunosuppression--but presently it is an unpredictable phenomenon.

PMID- 6380045
TI  - Evaluation of cell-mediated immunity in hereditary muscular dystrophic chickens.

PMID- 6380046
TI  - Cell-mediated hyperacute rejection. VII. Suppression by irradiation.

PMID- 6380047
TI  - Class II antigen induction in the liver of rats with graft-versus-host disease.

PMID- 6380048
TI  - Cadaveric renal transplantation in a 2.2-kilogram neonate.

PMID- 6380049
TI  - Renal function in a newborn baby delivered of a renal transplant patient taking
      cyclosporine.

PMID- 6380050
TI  - Renal transplant with great difficulty in proving monozygosity between donor and
      recipient.

PMID- 6380051
TI  - Clinical bone marrow transplantation: current status.

PMID- 6380052
TI  - Obstructive airways disease: a rare but serious manifestation of chronic graft
      versus-host disease, after allogeneic marrow transplantation in humans.

PMID- 6380053
TI  - Cadaveric renal transplantation in Manitoba--the last eight years.

PMID- 6380054
TI  - Diagnosis of acute cellular rejection in kidney allografts by fine needle
      aspiration cytology.

PMID- 6380055
TI  - Experience with cyclosporine and prednisone as immunosuppressants in 36 renal
      transplants.

PMID- 6380056
TI  - Transplant monitoring with monoclonal antibodies to human T cell subsets by 51Cr
      release in complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC-Cr): a preliminary study.

PMID- 6380057
TI  - Experience with 130 consecutive renal transplants in the Middle East with special
      reference to histocompatibility matching, antirejection therapy with
      antilymphocyte globulin (ALG), and prolonged preservation of imported cadaveric
      grafts.

PMID- 6380058
TI  - Transplantation in Australia and New Zealand.

PMID- 6380059
TI  - Depletion of donor kidney dendritic cells prolongs graft survival.

PMID- 6380060
TI  - Immunohistologic analysis of the cell surface antigens of human dendritic cells
      using monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 6380061
TI  - Renal transplantation in Australia and New Zealand, 1963-1982: report from the
      ANZ Data Registry.
AB  - In Australia, more than 400 transplants are performed annually, the majority of
      primary grafts from CADs. The patient survival rate that has increased gradually
      over the period from 1976 to 1982 may be attributed to decreased steroid use for
      both rejection and maintenance immunosuppression. Our data suggest that B and DR
      locus antigens are important histocompatibility antigens, that the effects of
      additive for both loci, and the influence of histocompatibility at the B locus
      and DR locus is stronger for the transfused sensitized (responder) patient. Age
      has more influence on patient survival than on graft survival.

PMID- 6380062
TI  - Antithymocyte globulin therapy after renal transplantation at the Massachusetts
      General Hospital.

PMID- 6380063
TI  - Lymphocyte monitoring in renal transplantation.

PMID- 6380064
TI  - Post-burn contractures in Ibadan.
AB  - A review of our experience with post-burn contractures over a ten-year-period at
      the University of Ibadan is reported. Fifty-two patients (32 males, 20 females)
      were treated; 52% were under the age of 5 years. In 25% the contractures were due
      to therapeutic burns. Sixty-two per cent of the contractures occurred in the
      upper limbs. Best results were obtained by release of contracture, application of
      split-thickness skin grafts, and splinting for up to six months.

PMID- 6380065
TI  - Trachoma.

PMID- 6380066
TI  - Leprosy and tuberculosis--an epidemiological comparison.

PMID- 6380067
TI  - Ten year evaluation of a trial of chemoprophylaxis against tuberculosis in
      Frobisher Bay, Canada.
AB  - A trial of chemoprophylaxis to prevent tuberculosis in Canadian Inuit (Eskimos)
      was carried out in Frobisher Bay, Canada during 1971-1974. A completely
      supervised regimen of isoniazid and ethambutol thrice weekly for 18 months was
      administered. A 10-year evaluation of 370 treated persons and 217 control
      subjects demonstrates the sustained value of adequate chemoprophylaxis in
      reducing the risk of developing active tuberculosis in the 3 groups under study-
      1, those with a previous episode of active tuberculosis, 2, positive tuberculin
      reactors with normal chest X-ray and 3, BCG vaccinated individuals with large
      tuberculin reactions. There were 3 cases of active disease in the treated group,
      a risk of 0.1% per annum, and 13 cases among the controls, a risk of 1.0% per
      annum.

PMID- 6380068
TI  - Pleomorphism of Legionella pneumophila.
AB  - Legionella pneumophila (Lp), serogroups 1-6, was grown in vitro on a variety of
      media, in embryonated hens' eggs, and in guinea pigs. The morphology of the
      microbe was examined by light, immunofluorescent, and electron microscopy
      (transmission, scanning, negative staining). The configuration of all serogroups
      examined differed somewhat on agar media, in liquid media, and in vivo. Each
      serogroup of Lp showed pleomorphic features indistinguishable from the others.
      Except for filamentous forms, pleomorphism was least conspicuous on agar. By
      contrast, pleomorphism was most apparent in yeast extract broth, and it was
      detected by all of the morphologic techniques employed. Bacilli were seen most
      commonly, but the spectrum of forms was as follows: cocci, coccobacilli (short
      bacilli), medium bacilli, bacilli with terminal cocci, filamentous forms, and
      branches. Diplococci, branches, and stalks were only rarely seen, and the latter
      form was never visualized by immunofluorescence. In tissue samples from infected
      guinea pigs and embryonated hens' eggs, Lp was typically a short bacillus, but
      coccoid and coccobacillary forms were seen. Lp is clearly a pleomorphic
      bacterium, particularly when grown in yeast extract broth. The variety of forms
      described herein might provide clues to taxonomy, ecologic niche, and physiology
      of Lp.

PMID- 6380069
TI  - Surface ultrastructure of the small intestine mucosa in healthy children and
      adults: a scanning electron microscopic study with some methodological aspects.
AB  - Biopsy specimens of light microscopically (LM) normal small intestine mucosa from
      eight healthy, constitutionally short-statured children without signs of
      gastrointestinal disease and six healthy adults were studied by scanning electron
      microscopy (SEM) supplemented by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The
      effects on surface morphology of various preparative procedures were also
      investigated, using small intestine mucosa from cats and rats. Fixation with OsO4
      -either alone, or following glutaraldehyde fixation--markedly changed the surface
      ultrastructure compared to that after glutaraldehyde fixation only. By low power
      SEM, some differences were observed in the appearance of the small gut mucosa
      between adults and young children. In adults and in children above 3 years of
      age, the villi were usually shaped like fingers or leaves, but in infants, ridge
      shaped villi predominated. The villi showed, however, a smooth surface in both
      infants and adults, and medium and high power SEM displayed similar pictures,
      irrespective of age; here the typical structural features of the normal small gut
      mucosa in humans were (1) distinct extrusion zones at the crests of the villi and
      almost no signs of enterocyte extrusion along the sides of the villi, and (2)
      regular enterocytes with polygonal, flat, apical surfaces covered by a thick
      glycocalyx that obscured the underlying microvilli.

PMID- 6380070
TI  - Diagnostic electron microscopy on reembedded ("popped off") areas of large Spurr
      epoxy sections.
AB  - A technique is described in which areas of large Spurr epoxy thick sections are
      directly popped off of glass slides by inverted Beem capsules filled with
      polymerized plastic. This technique allows the survey of large regions of tissue
      with the maintenance of tissue relationships and the selection of specific areas
      for electron microscopic studies. Within the context of diagnostic electron
      microscopy well-preserved and representative portions of tissues can be selected
      as well as individual diagnostic cells or other difficult to find structures.
      Many small pieces of minced, optimally fixed and processed tissue can also be
      surveyed by this technique. Thus, one can screen the equivalent of 20 or more
      standard thick sections in one step. This "pop-off" technique does not appear to
      alter the ultrastructure of the tissue in any way.

PMID- 6380071
TI  - Bibliography of biomedical ultrasound. No. 42.

PMID- 6380072
TI  - The Royal Maternity Hospital, Belfast. Fifty glorious years 1933-1983.
      Presidential address to the Ulster Medical Society, 20th October 1983.

PMID- 6380073
TI  - A hospital for all seasons.

PMID- 6380074
TI  - A recipe for transplantation.

PMID- 6380075
TI  - Unaltered lipoprotein and carbohydrate metabolism during treatment with
      contraceptive subdermal implants containing ST-1435.
AB  - Nine healthy, fertile women were treated for six months with subdermal
      contraceptive implants of two different sizes containing a potent progestogen, ST
      1435. Lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were not influenced
      by the treatment. Similarly, the main apolipoproteins in low- and high-density
      lipoproteins were not changed, which further supports the interpretation that the
      lipoprotein metabolism is not affected by this type of treatment. An oral glucose
      tolerance test (OGTT) including insulin determinations was performed in five of
      the volunteers with the largest implants. Blood glucose and insulin
      concentrations during the OGTT remained unchanged during treatment, indicating
      that the treatment with ST-1435 did not affect carbohydrate metabolism.

PMID- 6380076
TI  - Pharmacodynamics of a contraceptive vaginal ring releasing norethindrone and
      estradiol: ovarian function, bleeding control and lipoprotein patterns.
AB  - A new contraceptive vaginal ring (CVR), releasing approximately 700 micrograms of
      norethindrone (NET) and approximately 140 micrograms of estradiol (E2) daily, was
      studied in eleven women for a total of 61 21-day cycles. Ovarian function, as
      judged by plasma progesterone (P) and E2 levels, and plasma NET levels were
      studied by weekly blood samples in 30 cycles. The lipoprotein pattern was studied
      before, after two and six months of treatment and one month after completed
      treatment. The CVR gave rise to stable plasma NET levels which however varied
      considerably between individuals. Signs of luteal activity/ovulation were
      encountered in 4/30 cycles, all in subjects with the lowest NET plasma levels. E2
      levels above 250 pmol/l, indicating follicular activity, were encountered in
      22/30 cycles. Breakthrough bleeding and spotting appeared in 40/61 cycles and in
      12 per cent of the treatment days. Bleeding control was significantly better in
      the same subjects when using a CVR releasing levo-Norgestrel and E2. Serum and
      HDL cholesterol concentrations decreased significantly by 10-12 per cent during
      treatment. The ratios between apolipoproteins A-I and A-II on one hand and HDL
      cholesterol on the other increased significantly and the ratio apolipoprotein A
      I:A-II decreased significantly, indicating a change in the lipoprotein
      composition. These changes are qualitatively similar but quantitatively not as
      pronounced as with the more extensively studied 1-Ng/E2 CVR. The difference in
      clinical performance and in the effects on the lipoprotein pattern between the
      presently studied CVR and the 1-Ng/E2 CVR is most likely the result of not using
      equipment doses of gestagen in the CVRs.

PMID- 6380077
TI  - Pathophysiology of renovascular hypertension.
AB  - Studies of the renin-angiotension system and the effects of pharmacologic
      blockade have enhanced our understanding of renovascular hypertension. A critical
      degree of arterial stenosis produces kidney ischemia sufficient to activate this
      hormonal system, whose actions include vasoconstriction and sodium retention.
      Accurate clinical evaluation may depend upon recognizing the differences in
      pathophysiology between "one-kidney" and "two-kidney" forms and the dynamic
      nature of this condition.

PMID- 6380078
TI  - Diminished operative risk and improved results following revascularization for
      atherosclerotic renovascular disease.
AB  - Refinements in patient selection, preoperative preparation, and the technical
      performance of vascular reconstruction have improved the results of
      revascularization in atherosclerotic renovascular disease. These advances have
      expanded the eligibility criteria for surgical therapy in this group and now also
      appear to be favorably influencing late patient survival. This article documents
      this improved outlook and focuses on the policies in management that have been
      primarily responsible for its development.

PMID- 6380079
TI  - Microvascular reconstruction of complex branch renal artery disease.
AB  - The task of renal revascularization is considerably more complicated in patients
      with branch disease because of the necessity to perform multiple vascular
      anastomoses to renal artery branches that may be difficult to expose and are
      small in caliber. Technical advances during the past decade, namely,
      incorporation of microvascular and extracorporeal techniques into the
      armamentarium of the renovascular surgeon, have improved this outlook. This
      article focuses on general microvascular principles and specific reconstructive
      techniques currently applicable to patients with branch renal artery disease.

PMID- 6380081
TI  - Unusual renovascular disorders.
AB  - Apart from the usually seen diseases of the renal artery, there exists a group of
      disorders that occur less frequently and rarely show up as a primary disease
      process. Arteriovenous malformations and renal artery aneurysms are examples of
      these conditions. Thrombosis of the renal artery and vein are two other
      relatively uncommon conditions that may show no pathognomonic clinical features.
      This article reviews the clinical features of these rare disorders and presents
      diagnosis and management.

PMID- 6380080
TI  - Revascularization to preserve renal function in patients with atherosclerotic
      renovascular disease.
AB  - There are a significant number of patients with advanced atherosclerotic
      renovascular disease whose blood pressure is well controlled with medical therapy
      but in whom such vascular disease poses a grave risk to overall renal function.
      This article reviews current concepts regarding screening, evaluation, and
      selection of patients with this disease for revascularization to preserve renal
      function. The underlying rationale for this approach is an increasing awareness
      that, in selected patients, atherosclerotic renovascular disease represents a
      surgically correctable cause of progressive renal failure.

PMID- 6380082
TI  - Radical ilioinguinal lymphadenectomy.
AB  - Radical ilioinguinal lymphadenectomy remains the mainstay of treatment for
      certain genitourinary carcinomas either with the propensity for or with clinical
      evidence of metastases to the inguinal-pelvic region. The most frequent
      indication for this procedure in urologic practice is carcinoma of the penis,
      followed by carcinoma of the urethra, scrotum, and testis with scrotal invasion.
      This article reviews the anatomy of the inguinal and iliac region and presents a
      detailed discussion of the surgical technique.

PMID- 6380083
TI  - HY antigen: genetic control and role in testicular differentiation.

PMID- 6380084
TI  - Immunoperoxidase versus specific red cell adherence in detection of ABO(H)
      antigens on normal urothelium. Double-blind study.
AB  - In this study we compared the sensitivity of SRCA for detecting A, B, O(H) blood
      group antigens on the urothelial surface of normal renal pelvis, ureter, and
      bladder to that of immunoperoxidase staining via the avidin-biotin complex (ABC)
      method. In all, forty-three mucosal specimens from 23 patients were compared.
      There was little difference between SRCA and immunoperoxidase for the detection
      of A and of B antigens. H(O) antigen was detected in 94 per cent of the blood
      group O patients using immunoperoxidase while only 46 per cent were detected
      using the SRCA method. We therefore concluded that immunoperoxidase was superior
      to SRCA in detecting the H(O) antigen not only in normal ureter but also in
      normal renal pelvis and normal bladder.

PMID- 6380085
TI  - John MacLeod (1905-1984). An appreciation.

PMID- 6380086
TI  - [Difficulties and mistakes in removing metallic devices after osteosynthesis].

PMID- 6380087
TI  - [Prevention of incompetence of sutures of the duodenal stump during gastrectomy
      in profuse duodenal ulcer hemorrhage].
AB  - Results of the treatment of patients with profuse ulcerous duodenal hemorrhages
      are presented. Prophylactic measures against incompetence of sutures of the
      duodenal stump are proposed. The method of suturing the duodenum in resection of
      the stomach is described.

PMID- 6380088
TI  - [Hartmann's operation in cancer of the rectum and sigmoid].
AB  - Data of 84 Hartmann operations have shown it to be the operation of choice not
      only in urgent but also in planned surgery. It is indicated to patients with
      severe intercurrent diseases and in cases with great local regional spread of the
      tumor process. To prevent the development of infection in the pelvic fat a
      careful suture of the rectum stump and wide drain of the presacral space is
      necessary.

PMID- 6380089
TI  - [The one-row wire suture in gastrointestinal surgery].

PMID- 6380090
TI  - [Free stamp-graft autodermoplasty in the treatment of granulating wounds and
      ulcers].
AB  - A new stamp--graft method of free autodermoplasty was used in 36 out of 70
      patients operated upon with using stamps only and their combination with pedicled
      graft or partly put secondary sutures. It proved to be as effective as all other
      modifications of stamps with different methods and gave better final results as
      compared with the known publications concerning possible healing of dermatome
      split grafts known to have wider prospects in the treatment of mainly great burn
      wounds. Stamps and grafts were found to be more resistant to harmful effects of
      bad granulation medium, more reliable in adaptation and healing and to be good
      stimulators of the natural reparative regeneration. The optimum conditions were
      created by local oxybarotherapy, hemotransfusion by heparin--treated blood or
      direct transfusions and by preventing a purulent reaction by the administration
      of chlorophyllid, sulfomylon and enzymes.

PMID- 6380091
TI  - [Preparation and transplantation of demineralized bone tissue].
AB  - The use of demineralized bone transplants is found to increase the effectiveness
      of allogenic transplantations of bone tissue due to its ability to induce active
      osteogenesis even when implanted intramuscularly. The method of preparing the
      bone transplants by demineralization in solutions of hydrochloric acid should be
      widely used in traumatology and orthopedy.

PMID- 6380092
TI  - A tribute to Colonel James Earle Ash, MC, U.S.A. (Retired) on the occasion of his
      100th birthday, September 8, 1984.

PMID- 6380093
TI  - A lysosomal storage disorder in the BALB/c mouse: bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - The morphological and biochemical consequences of transplanting affected bone
      marrow from donor BALB/c mice with a lysosomal storage disorder (BALB/c LSD) into
      normal recipient mice were studied. Bone marrow was removed from normal BALB/c
      and BALB/c LSD mice and transfused into normal BALB/c recipient mice four hours
      after the mice received 850 rads of irradiation. Tissues of the recipient mice
      were examined 240 days later. This study revealed that the defective cells that
      constituted the visceral lesions of BALB/c LSD could be transplanted to normal
      BALB/c mice by the use of bone marrow from affected BALB/c LSD homozygote; that
      the defective cells of BALB/c LSD proliferated and disseminated throughout the
      mononuclear phagocytic system of the recipient; that there were increases in
      cholesterol, sphingolipids, and cystine with decreases in sphingomyelinase and
      glucocerebrosidase activity in tissues of the recipients; and that the recipients
      survived substantially longer than BALB/c LSD homozygotes and their lifespan was
      compromised mainly by the secondary effects of irradiation. These lesions,
      although not as extensive as in homozygous BALB/c LSD, paralleled the lesions
      which develop in BALB/c LSD. Since the recipient mice were not compromised by the
      short life span (70 days) of the BALB/c LSD mice, they may be used to study the
      long-term chronic effects of these metabolic lesions.

PMID- 6380095
TI  - American Academy of Clinical Toxicology. 1984 Membership Directory.

PMID- 6380094
TI  - A literature review on the toxicity of lasalocid, a polyether antibiotic.

PMID- 6380096
TI  - [Rheological properties of blood].

PMID- 6380097
TI  - [Various problems of the preparation and organization of the activities of
      sanitary-transportation ships during World War II].

PMID- 6380098
TI  - [New method of using reinforced sutures in vascular surgery].

PMID- 6380099
TI  - [A veteran of World War II speaks... (Viktor Andreevich Bykov)].

PMID- 6380100
TI  - [Recognition of the achievements of Soviet medicine by foreign countries during
      World War II].

PMID- 6380101
TI  - [History of theoretical elaboration of the system of step-by-step treatment of
      wounded and sick patients].

PMID- 6380102
TI  - [Immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of human tumors].

PMID- 6380103
TI  - [Substances carcinogenic for man and malignant tumors induced by them].

PMID- 6380104
TI  - [Modifying action of autologous blood serum in the leukocyte adherence inhibition
      test in stomach cancer].
AB  - The effect of autologous blood serum on the response in leucocyte adherence
      inhibition test was studied in 101 cases of gastric cancer. A follow-up study
      showed responders to leucocyte adherence inhibition test in the presence of
      autologous serum to have better prognosis. The said procedure is considered to
      offer reliable means for immunological monitoring gastric cancer. The clinical
      significance of results is discussed.

PMID- 6380105
TI  - Evaluation of an enzyme-linked antiglobulin test for the detection of red cell
      antibodies.
AB  - An enzyme-linked antiglobulin test (ELAT) using low ionic strength saline for the
      initial red cell sensitisation phase, and alkaline phosphatase conjugated
      antiglobulin (AP-AHG), has been compared with a conventional low ionic strength
      antiglobulin test in testing 222 red cell antibodies of various specificities. A
      wide variation in absorbance values was observed at all levels of
      haemagglutination strength. Relatively higher absorbance values were obtained
      with anti-K compared with the agglutination gradings. Haemolysis was eliminated
      by modifying the substrate buffer used for diluting the AP-AHG, since fixation of
      red cells prior to sensitisation significantly reduced the sensitivity of the
      ELAT. Five commercial AP-AHG reagents compared to tests with D, Fya, K and Jka
      antibodies varied markedly in performance, some being unsatisfactory. The ELAT
      can be effectively used for antibody detection as well as quantitative
      determinations but requires automation to realise its full potential.

PMID- 6380106
TI  - Transfusion syphilis, survival of Treponema pallidum in donor blood. I. Report of
      an orientating study.
AB  - The influence of storage at 4 degrees C on the survival of Treponema pallidum in
      donor blood, artificially infected with treponemes of the virulent Nichols strain
      was studied. Rabbits were inoculated in each testis with 0.5 ml of the blood
      treponeme mixture, containing 5 X 10(5) microorganisms/ml, which was stored for
      up to 336 h. Under these circumstances, the blood-treponeme mixture appeared to
      be infectious for up to 96 h of storage, based on the demonstration of T.
      pallidum and serological findings, using FTA-ABS, TPHA and VDRL tests. The two
      former tests were found to be equally sensitive in detecting incubating syphilis
      in the rabbits, the VDRL test was significantly slower in this respect. From the
      absence of orchitis as well as seroconversion in rabbits, inoculated with blood
      treponeme mixtures stored for 120 h or longer periods of time, it is concluded
      that after 120 h of storage infectivity is lost. The presently found survival
      time of treponemes in blood between 96 and 120 h of storage is discussed in
      relation with survival times found by other investigators.

PMID- 6380107
TI  - Detection of the relation between the Australia antigen and hepatitis B virus.

PMID- 6380108
TI  - [Penetration of the influenza virus into the cell].

PMID- 6380109
TI  - [Biological standardization].

PMID- 6380111
TI  - [Determination of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) by immunoenzyme
      analysis].
AB  - Studies aimed at the development of a variant of ELISA for the determination of
      hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) showed the assay to be most effective
      when a modified periodate method of conjugation of highly purified horseradish
      peroxidase with the IgG-fraction of antiserum to HBsAg was used. With the
      resulting conjugates, the "sandwich"-test on polystyrene solid phase could detect
      HBsAg in concentrations up to 5 ng/ml which is several thousand-fold higher in
      sensitivity than counter immunoelectrophoresis, one order of magnitude more
      sensitive than the passive hemagglutination test, and comparable with the
      radioimmunoassay (RIA). The specificity of the method was confirmed by positive
      results of the neutralization test. By this method, HBsAg in the sera of
      hepatitis B patients was detected as frequently as by the RIA.

PMID- 6380110
TI  - [Genome analysis of bunyavirus recombinants by dot hybridization].
AB  - A simple method of the so-called pinpoint hybridization for the detection of
      genome RNAs and individual fragments of genome of the Bunyamwera family viruses
      is described. The method established linking of 2 out of 3 fragments of genome
      RNA of different members of the family.

PMID- 6380112
TI  - [Use of the radial hemolysis reaction for titrating antirabies sera].

PMID- 6380113
TI  - [Goodpasture's syndrome--pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment].

PMID- 6380115
TI  - Pseudomembranous colitis: a case report and literature review.

PMID- 6380114
TI  - [Comparative studies of the therapeutic effect of a herbazol preparation with and
      without an antacid component in duodenal peptic ulcer patients].
AB  - A total of 64 patients were treated - 30 with Herbazol A (with antacid
      component), 18 with Herbacid B (without antacid component) and 16 - with placebo.
      Herbazol A was established to eliminate the subjective pain and dyspeptic
      complaints a little earlier as compared with Herbazol B. Both preparations have
      the same action as regards the effect on hydrochloric acid gastric secretion and
      the healing of the ulcer niche.

PMID- 6380116
TI  - [Mexitil in the treatment of arrhythmia].

PMID- 6380117
TI  - [Pathological changes in the human body in acute and chronic cadmium poisoning].

PMID- 6380118
TI  - [Dispute with regard to the date of founding of the Holy Spirit Hospital in
      Sandomierz (in connection with the 690th anniversary of the founding of the
      hospital)].

PMID- 6380119
TI  - [Health services during the uprising in Upper Silesia 1919-1921].

PMID- 6380120
TI  - [Medical philosophy of Woadysoaw Szumowski (1875-1954)].

PMID- 6380121
TI  - [Clinical nephrology (development and tasks)].

PMID- 6380122
TI  - [The clinical value of antithrombin III].

PMID- 6380124
TI  - Infection of hepatic cysts in polycystic disease.

PMID- 6380123
TI  - A controlled trial of synthetic salmon calcitonin in the treatment of severe
      acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 6380125
TI  - [What do the autopsy findings tell us today? Roundtable conference].

PMID- 6380126
TI  - [Pharmacological potentials for activating the fibrinolytic system].
AB  - Increasing insight into the mechanism of thrombolysis has led to the development
      of highly effective thrombolytic agents. Further progress in thrombolytic therapy
      is expected by the use of extrinsic plasminogen activator from vascular
      endothelium and of temporarily blocked (acylated) fibrinolytic enzymes. Extensive
      studies on fibrinolytic/thrombolytic substances will lead to a new generation of
      activator of fibrinolysis that interferes with the biosynthesis and release of
      plasminogen activator. Such agents will be suited for treatment of
      hyperfibrinolytic states.

PMID- 6380127
TI  - [Primary thrombocyte reactions in hemostasis and thrombogenesis and the
      possibilities of influencing them by drugs].
AB  - The primary haemostasis begins with the activation of the thrombocytes. This
      activation is induced by nucleotides, by the haemostasis-activating factor
      existing in most tissues, by thrombin, collagen, adrenaline, serotonin and other
      activators. The activation is accompanied by an increased inclination of the
      thrombocytes to adhesion and aggregation. Morphologically activated platelets
      show appendices and become ball-shaped. These processes are reversible in vivo
      and in vitro. Medicaments inhibiting the function of the platelets were above all
      selected on account of their effect inhibiting the aggregation and were
      clinically tested. It is uncertain in what respect inhibition of the aggregation
      and inhibition of the thrombosis correlate. A technique for the judgement of the
      inhibition of the tissue extract-induced change of the form of thrombocytes is
      demonstrated as a method for the measurement of the activation of the platelets.
      Acetylsalicylic acid influences the aggregation of platelets by inhibition of the
      cyclooxygenase in the thrombocytes. This leads to an inhibition of the
      thromboxane synthesis in the platelets which lasts for days, since it is
      irreversible. The spontaneous change of the form of the thrombocytes and the
      tissue extract-induced change of the form of the platelets by acetylsalicylic
      acid are, however, influenced only for the duration of 6-10 hours.

PMID- 6380128
TI  - [Antigen-specific rosette inhibition test with autologous serum--a possibility
      for the detection of blocking factors in chronic rejection of allogeneic
      orthotopic kidney transplants].
AB  - After allogeneic renal transplantation in 26 female pigs the kinetics of the
      immunological reactivity have been investigated in order to diagnose a rejection
      crisis. The animals were not treated with immunosuppressive substances. The
      antigen specific rosette test is an useful parameter for estimation of immune
      reactions against a graft. Moreover, the inhibition of this test by autologous
      serum taken in the course of a chronic graft rejection is caused by blocking
      factors. Therefore this inhibition test would be suitable for an exact
      determination of specific immune reaction against the graft. By exclusion of
      false positive results by means of the rosette reaction test a high significant
      correlation between the antigen specific rosette formation and the clinical
      symptoms of the rejection could be observed. As long as blocking factors are
      protecting the graft against activities of immunocompetent cells respectively
      their effector molecules, recipient serum is able to inhibit the rosette
      formation. On the other hand a strong increase of rosette forming cells in a pig
      whose serum does not show an inhibitory activity is correlated with clinical
      symptoms of a rejection.

PMID- 6380129
TI  - Immuno- and enzyme histochemical studies on the sheathed capillaries in the
      marginal zone of the human spleen.

PMID- 6380130
TI  - [40th anniversary of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences].

PMID- 6380131
TI  - [Lipoamide dehydrogenase, citrate synthase and beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase
      of skeletal muscle. II. Compartmentalization of the enzymes in muscle
      mitochondria and their relative binding capacity].
AB  - The compartimentation and the relative strength of binding of the enzymes
      lipoamide dehydrogenase (LIPDH), citrate synthase (CS), and beta-hydroxyacyl
      coenzyme A-dehydrogenase (HADH) in mitochondria isolated from bovine muscle (M.
      sternomandibularis) were studied using the following methods: Availability of the
      enzymes for proteases before and after opening of the intracrystal line space and
      after disintegration of the mitochondrial membranes; release of the enzymes after
      different treatments of the mitochondria: homogenization with phosphate buffer
      plus Triton X-100; suspension in dest. water and saccharose-tris buffer with and
      without added digitonin; ultrasonic treatment; freezing and thawing. From the
      results it can be concluded that the three enzymes are bound to the inner surface
      of the inner membrane of the mitochondrion, and that the binding strength
      increases according to the series CS less than HADH less than LIPDH.

PMID- 6380132
TI  - [The microflora of sourdough. XVIII. The protein degrading capabilities of lactic
      acid bacteria in sourdough].
AB  - Acidification of the dough by the use of sourdough or acidifiers is necessary not
      only for good baking quality of rye flour but it is also very important for
      development of the typical sensory characteristics of rye bread. We confirmed
      that the lactic acid bacteria of sour dough are proteolytic. Proteolytic effects
      are observed in the increase of the amino acid content during fermentation. A
      marked increase was found in the content of leucine, alanine, valine, isoleucine,
      glutamic acid, glutamine, arginine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine
      and serine. Lactobacillus plantarum showed a higher proteolytic activity than L.
      brevis ssp. lindneri or L. fructivorans.

PMID- 6380133
TI  - [Recent advances in studies of rat memory in the radial-arm maze].
AB  - Radial-arm maze task provides a new experimental paradigm for assessing animal
      memory, which is different from those of the traditional mazes such as T- and Y
      mazes. Radial-arm maze consists of a central platform and multiple (usually 8)
      arms extending radially from the platform. The animal (the rat in the most cases)
      is trained for one trial a day to eat pellets placed in the end of each arm, and
      after trainings for 1-2 weeks, it becomes to obtain the pellets efficiently,
      i.e., without reentering the arms already visited in that trial. The effective
      performance in this task is based on the following two kinds of memory
      components: "reference memory", which includes information about the
      configuration of extramaze (mainly visual) stimuli, and "working memory", which
      incorporates the chosen arms in that trial. The information in the reference
      memory is effective across the trials, whereas that in the working memory is only
      in a particular trial. A series of experiments have demonstrated that the septo
      hippocampal system is involved in the performance of this task, especially in the
      working memory component. It has also been reported that central cholinergic
      system plays an important role in the performance. Recently, the task is employed
      as a useful tool in such research areas as the experimental gerontology and the
      behavioral teratology.

PMID- 6380134
TI  - [Critical evaluation of various types of alloys].

PMID- 6380135
TI  - [Use of non-precious metals in dental care].

PMID- 6380136
TI  - [Educational development from the viewpoint of 50 years of practice].

PMID- 6380137
TI  - [Tooth diseases of our ancestors, the Alamanni].

PMID- 6380139
TI  - [Clinical experiences with the cobalt-chromium fired alloy Dentitan].

PMID- 6380138
TI  - [Ceramic-platinum procedures. A new method for metalloceramics].

PMID- 6380140
TI  - [In biblical times, a tooth had the same value as a life].

PMID- 6380141
TI  - [How Privy Councillor von Goethe discovered the pre-maxilla].

PMID- 6380142
TI  - [Adolf Witzel (1847-1906) and tooth conservation].

PMID- 6380143
TI  - [Philipp Pfaff (1713-1766), his time and predecessors].

PMID- 6380144
TI  - [The light concept].

PMID- 6380145
TI  - [Wound healing with sugar. 3].

PMID- 6380146
TI  - [Willoughby Dayton Miller (1853-1907)].

PMID- 6380147
TI  - [Scientific evaluation of the arrangement of the occlusal complex in fixed
      prosthetics and recommendations for practical use].

PMID- 6380148
TI  - [After care in the treatment of the Eichner A1-A3 group].

PMID- 6380149
TI  - [Experiences with hinged molds for the preparation of cast plastic prostheses].

PMID- 6380150
TI  - [Possibilities of relining removable plastic dentures].

PMID- 6380151
TI  - [Contents and methods of designing a coordinate and postgraduate education
      program for dentists and dental technicians in the technics of the specialized
      field of model casting].

PMID- 6380152
TI  - Immune response in BALB/c mice following immunization with heat-killed
      Mycobacterium lepraemurium.
AB  - BALB/c mice were immunized with 1 X 10(7) heat-killed Mycobacterium lepraemurium
      (Mlm) via the hind foot pad. Four weeks later, the animals were infected with 1 X
      10(9) Mlm intraperitoneally. Skin test studies, using footpad swelling as a
      parameter, indicated the development of skin reactivity to Mlm and M. leprae cell
      extracts. Immunized animals that were infected showed positive reactions to both
      antigens by the second week. This persisted up to fourteen weeks, at which time,
      bacillary restriction was also observed in the spleens and livers. Non-immunized
      infected animals, on the other hand showed a decline in skin reactivity to the
      two antigens used, and also showed proliferation of Mlm in the two organs
      examined. Animals receiving heat-killed Mlm or sensitized splenocytes when
      challenged with 5 X 10(3) M. leprae via hind foot pad, did not show inhibition of
      the infecting agent, thus indicating a lack of cross-protection.

PMID- 6380153
TI  - Hyaluronidase production by groups A, B, C, and G streptococci: a statistical
      analysis.
AB  - Production of hyaluronidase by 147 strains of beta hemolytic streptococci was
      studied employing a sensitive dye-binding assay and levels of enzyme activity
      were evaluated statistically. The analysis of variance showed that group A
      strains isolated in Rio de Janeiro produced significantly smaller amounts of
      enzyme than group A strains from a Minneapolis (USA) collection or than groups B
      and G brazilian isolates. The t test revealed that M not typable nose/throat
      group A strains produced more hyaluronidase than skin isolates. The analysis of
      variance did not show a significant difference in the enzyme production between M
      typable and not typable brazilian strains of group A streptococci. High enzyme-
      producing strains were not restricted to a few serotypes of group B streptococci.

PMID- 6380154
TI  - [Occurrence and identification of enterotoxin-producing E. coli strains in milk
      and dairy products].
AB  - Enteric diseases caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli strains (ETEC) become more and
      more important all over the world. Frequently food is implicated as a vector. -
      From this the necessity arises to identify ETEC strains and/or their heatlabile
      (LT) and heat-stable enterotoxins (ST). The examinations carried out for the
      presented paper showed the following results: Detection of LT by coagglutination
      is a simple and rapid test and may be helpful for screening. Most suitable,
      however, is the application of ELISA which enables the detection of 1 ng/ml LT
      with a good reproducibility. For identification of ST the suckling mouse assay
      (SMA) yields reliable results. ELISA and SMA have proved to be useful in practice
      for examination of food samples. By means of these methods 157 E. coli strains
      predominantly isolated from milk and milk products were examined. Hereby, five
      ETEC strains could be identified (3.2%). For the purpose of food examination a
      procedure was developed which ensures a reliable and efficient identification of
      E. coli enterotoxin. The essential steps are enrichment in E.E.-broth,
      subcultivation in CAYE-2-broth, identification of LT by ELISA resp.
      coagglutination and the detection of ST with aid of the SMA. So, isolation of
      single colonies can be omitted, which is an essential advantage.

PMID- 6380155
TI  - Purification and characterization of two Serratia marcescens proteases.
AB  - The exocellular proteases of two Serratia marcescens strains (strains SF 178 and
      SH 186; both of serotype 06/014:H12 and bacteriocin type 18) were separated from
      the culture supernatants through precipitation with ammonium sulfate, followed by
      hydroxylapatite adsorption chromatography, Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, and
      DEAE-Sephadex A-25 ion exchange chromatography. The molecular weights amounted to
      54,400 Daltons (SDS-PAGE electrophoresis). Both enzymes contained 1 g-atom of
      zinc and 7 g-atoms of calcium per mol. The amino acid sequences were essentially
      identical. Serologically, both enzymes cross-reacted strongly, suggesting similar
      antigenic determinants. The two enzymes were microheterogeneous; isoelectric
      focusing revealed two protein bands at pH 5.4 and 5.5, respectively. The optimal
      temperature for hydrolysis of azocasein was 30 degrees C. Both proteases revealed
      2 optimal pH values (SF 178 = pH 6-7 and pH 8-10; SH 186 = pH 7 and pH 9).

PMID- 6380156
TI  - Evaluation of a typing scheme for group A streptococci based upon bacteriocin
      like inhibitor production.
AB  - A method of typing (P-typing) streptococci according to their production of
      inhibitory activity against a set of 9 indicator strains has been evaluated.
      Modifications to a previously described P-typing procedure have been made which
      improve the reproducibility of the method and also reduce the proportion of
      untypable strains. The test conditions, particularly medium composition,
      incubation temperature and aeration were found to be critical determinants of
      inhibitor production and must be carefully controlled. The use of certain
      commercial sources of Blood Agar Base and the presence of human blood in the
      typing medium are requirements for detection of some inhibitors, particularly for
      P-type 777 strains. The previously "standardized" conditions for P-typing specify
      incubation of the test strains aerobically at 32 degrees C. However, in order to
      increase the proportion of typable strains an additional set of cultures should
      be incubated anaerobically. Anaerobic incubation was found to be essential for
      the production of bacteriocin-like inhibitors by M-type 49 strains and markedly
      increased inhibitor production by M-type 4 and M-type 57 strains. Also associated
      with anaerobic incubation was an increase in the amount of non-specific, acid
      mediated inhibition, but this could be eliminated by buffering the typing medium
      with 0.5% (w/v) calcium carbonate. The epidemiological validity of P-typing was
      tested in a survey of group A streptococcus carriage in a school and in 9 family
      groupings. Inhibitor production appeared to be a stable strain marker and the
      occurrence of some P-type subdivisions within clusters of strains having
      identical serotype patterns indicates that combined application of serotyping and
      P-typing may give improved strain discrimination.

PMID- 6380157
TI  - Clostridium botulinum subtype Ba.
AB  - Strain 657 has been described as a toxin variant of Clostridium botulinum type B.
      Neutralization tests performed with types A and B botulinal antitoxins of known
      potency and avidity at 20, 25, 50, 100, 200, 2,000 and 20,000 mouse LD50 levels
      of testing, have shown that 657 toxin is a mixture of B (approximately 95% of the
      complex) and A antigenic fractions. The possibility of a cross-contamination
      between A and B serotypes has been practically ruled out through the serologic
      screening of the toxins from 100 well isolated colonies taken from two colony
      variants of this strain. Strain 657 rabbit antitoxin possesses A and B
      neutralizing activities. Strain B 657 produces a hitherto undescribed complex
      toxin and it represents the prototype of a new C. botulinum serotype, subtype Ba.

PMID- 6380158
TI  - [A type strain or a neotype strain of Leptospira].
AB  - A deep review of the scientific literature concerning the history of the two
      oldest icterohaemorrhagiae strains is given in order to promote a decision about
      the legitimate neotype strain on the genus Leptospira. The strain RGA was found
      to meet completely the requirements for a Neotype culture given by the
      International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria. Its origin from a patient with
      Weil's disease through guinea pig passages in 1915 is well documented and its
      culture is unequivocally described by Ungermann in 1916. The strain was
      maintained in pure culture. Since more than 60 years the strain is used for
      comparative investigations in classification studies in all laboratories
      performing such tests. At contrary the history of strain Ictero I is very
      incomplete. The strain was claimed by Yamamoto to be one of the strain isolated
      by Inada and Ido in 1915 originally designated as Yamasaki. However, the
      statement the maintenance of these strains because of loss of virulence was
      discontinued, is repeatedly mentioned in some old publications of the authors.
      Moreover it is reported that the strain Ictero I because of contamination with a
      fungus was recultivated after a passage through a splenectomized mouse, i.e. the
      strain was not maintained in a pure culture. Beside this it is hardly
      understandable why has the strain not been submitted to other laboratories before
      1965. The strain Ictero I was found to contain an additional thermolabile antigen
      not present in RGA. At present it is impossible to decide whether this property
      was already present in the original culture or developed only later, eventually
      after its mouse passage. Summarizing all these facts, it must be stated that the
      strain Ictero I cannot be considered to meet all the necessary requirements of
      its recognition as neotype culture of the Genus Leptospira.

PMID- 6380159
TI  - Phagocytosis of non-opsonized Escherichia coli by mouse peritoneal macrophages.
      An electron microscopic study.
AB  - Phagocytosis of non-opsonized Escherichia coli by mouse peritoneal macrophages
      (MPM) was studied by means of light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and
      transmission electron microscopy. During a phagocytosis period of 90 min the
      surface morphology changed. Early in the phagocytosis period the MPM were polar
      with many ridges and villi, and little ruffling. At the end of the period the
      cells appeared well spread with a smooth surface and extensive ruffling. Two
      modes for ingestion of bacteria seemed to exist. The bacteria were ingested
      either by membrane folds rising from the macrophage surface, fitting tightly to
      the bacteria or by bacteria sinking into the cytoplasm of the MPM. Early in the
      period of phagocytosis most bacteria were attached to the surface. Ten per cent
      of the bacteria attached were never ingested. Bacteria ingested were located in
      phagolysosomes that were either of a tight or a loose type. After a phagocytosis
      period of 90 min the phagolysosomes contained bacteria at different stages of
      degradation. During the degradation the bacteria showed several morphological
      changes including a decrease in the density of the endoplasm, detachment of the
      bacterial membrane from the cell wall and deformities in the bacterial cell wall.

PMID- 6380160
TI  - [Guinea pig resistance to infection by the spores of the tetanus causative agent
      at various levels of tetanus antitoxin and delayed hypersensitivity].
AB  - Comparative experimental investigations on guinea pigs immunized against tetanus,
      carried out with the use of different methods for the determination of immunity
      to tetanus, have demonstrated the existence of a relationship between the results
      of the tests used in these investigations (the neutralization test, the passive
      hemagglutination test and the allergic skin test) and the resistance of the
      animals to challenge with C. tetani spores in Dcl and Dlm50. The mechanisms of
      not only humoral, but also cell-mediated immunity play an important role in
      protection from tetanus infection. The possibility of using, on principle, the
      allergic skin test with tetanin for the evaluation of immunity to tetanus in
      individual patients with the aim of differential approach to protection against
      tetanus in traumas has been shown.

PMID- 6380161
TI  - [The role of academician E. N. Pavlovskii in studying the epidemiology of
      parasitic and communicable diseases (on the centenary of his birth)].

PMID- 6380162
TI  - [New approach to assessing the interrelation of humoral and cellular immunity in
      infectious diseases].

PMID- 6380163
TI  - [Isolation of the L forms of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. Lwoffii in
      infectious endocarditis].
AB  - In the bacteriological study of blood samples taken from a patient with
      infectious endocarditis the hemoculture of the L-forms of A. calcoaceticus, var.
      lwoffii, was isolated. This hemoculture reverted into the bacterial form in the
      process of subculturing on solid media. The species of the isolated L-forms was
      established on the basis of the data obtained in the study of the biological
      properties of the revertants. To ensure the effectiveness of bacteriological
      investigations, a special search for atypical cultures is recommended in those
      cases when the inoculation of blood samples yields negative results.

PMID- 6380164
TI  - [Structure of a Shigella flexneri population in the process of forming
      microcolonies].
AB  - The study of the adaptation period of the S- and R-forms of S. flexneri in a
      nutritionally sufficient medium has revealed that the population structure
      characteristic of the S-form and Ra-chemotype comprises two classes of cells:
      actively growing and nonviable. Besides these two classes, the class of
      spontaneously lysing bacteria is present in the population of mutants with
      various degrees of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) lesions. The number of bacteria
      subject to autolysis increases with the progress of the degradation of the R
      nucleus of LPS and depends on age of the inoculate. Morphological analysis has
      revealed that lysis affects mainly cells 2-3 microns long, which were in the
      middle of the growth stage at the moment of their inoculation.

PMID- 6380165
TI  - [Diagnosis of staphylococcal diseases using an immunoenzyme reaction].
AB  - To develop an immunoenzymatic system, the preparations of teichoic acid (TA)
      isolated from the Staphylococcus aureus strain Wood 46 were used. The TA-based
      ELISA technique made it possible to diagnose infectious endocarditis of
      staphylococcal etiology. Further investigations are necessary to ascertain the
      possibility of using this system for diagnosing other staphylococcal diseases.

PMID- 6380166
TI  - [Effect of gamma radiation on the immunobiological and immunochemical properties
      of cholera exotoxin. III. The serological activity and immunochemical properties
      of irradiated unpurified toxin].
AB  - The immunochemical properties and serological activity of irradiated preparations
      of crude cholera exotoxin have been studied. This study has revealed that with
      the increase of the dose of ionizing radiation changes occur in the physico
      chemical properties of the preparations of the toxin, which leads to an increase
      in the electrophoretic motility of the protein components of the toxin, to the
      aggregation and polymerization of individual fragments. The preparations of
      antigen exotoxins have been shown to retain their serological activity within the
      range of radiation doses under study (10-350 kGy).

PMID- 6380167
TI  - [Indices of immunoallergic reactivity and of nonspecific body resistance in
      staphyloderma patients].
AB  - Clinico-immunological study has revealed that staphylococcal pyoderma develops
      simultaneously with the sensitization of the body to the infective agent,
      resulting from recent or past cases of angina, sinusitis, etc. This sensitization
      enhances the sensitivity of the body to pyococci and thus creates the
      prerequisites not only for the primary disease, but also for subsequent relapses.
      This is facilitated by the suppression of nonspecific resistance, observed in the
      patients.

PMID- 6380168
TI  - [Diagnosis of complications of psychopharmacotherapy caused by drug allergy using
      the vesiculation test].
AB  - The use of the vesiculation test (VT) as a method of allergy diagnosis in a
      number of severe complications following psychopharmacotherapy of psychoses makes
      it possible to diagnose their allergic nature and thus to begin a purposeful
      treatment, preventing in this way a further development of the pathological
      process. Allergodiagnosis in such cases is of great practical value in view of
      the difficulties presented by the clinical diagnosis of the above states. In drug
      induced complications, the VT shows a high degree of sensitization to a definite
      drug; in cases of the effective treatment of psychoses by psychopharmacologic
      drugs attended by no complications, there is a moderate elevation in VT intensity
      (immunological resistance corresponds to clinical resistance). These observations
      require further clarification through extensive clinical research and if
      confirmed they will assume practical significance in selecting the treatment
      method.

PMID- 6380169
TI  - [Acupuncture analgesia (review)].

PMID- 6380170
TI  - [Hormones and epileptic activity].

PMID- 6380171
TI  - [Individual variability in the subthalamic region of children and adolescents in
      relation to stereotaxic coordinates].
AB  - Macromicroscopic and stereologic examination of 120 specimens of the brain of
      children and adolescents showed that the subthalamic nucleus, zona incerta and
      Forel's fields have a simple geometric shape which does not change with age.
      Their linear dimensions increase a little and the stereotaxis coordinates alter.
      These changes are described by mathematical models in the form of regression
      equations. The individual variability of the structures studied in subordinate to
      the general regularities. The individual variants disclosed are not linked in the
      given age group with the sex, the side of the brain or the shape of the skull.

PMID- 6380172
TI  - [Chronic subdural hematoma in infants].

PMID- 6380173
TI  - Construction and partial characterization of recombinant cDNA clones for chicken
      type I collagen messenger RNAs.
AB  - Messenger RNAs for the alpha 1 and alpha 2 chains of type I procollagen were
      partially purified from total embryonic chicken calvaria using gel chromatography
      on Sepharose 4B and used to construct recombinant cDNA clones corresponding to
      both mRNAs. Restriction site mapping, nucleotide sequencing and hybridization to
      RNA blots were used to show that clones pCAL1 and pCAL2 contain inserted
      sequences corresponding to the mRNAs for chicken alpha 1 and alpha 2 procollagen
      chains, respectively.

PMID- 6380174
TI  - Comparative studies on physical properties concerned with the stability of
      unphosphorylated, phosphorylated and proteolytically modified L-type pyruvate
      kinase from pig liver.
AB  - A study was made of the effects of some agents on the stability of
      unphosphorylated pyruvate kinase type L, the enzyme phosphorylated with cyclic
      3',5'-AMP-stimulated protein kinase and the subtilisin-modified enzyme form from
      which the phosphorylatable site had been removed. The phosphorylated pyruvate
      kinase was found to be the most labile of the enzyme forms at high temperature
      and in the presence of urea. The circular dichroism spectrum of the
      phosphorylated enzyme also differed from that of the unphosphorylated and
      proteolytically modified forms. All three forms of the enzyme showed a high
      degree of stability over a wide pH range. The unphosphorylated enzyme seemed,
      however, to be the most sensitive to differences in pH. Only 10% of its maximal
      activity remained after incubation at pH 10 and 30 degrees C for 30 min, compared
      with 30% and 75% for the phosphorylated and proteolytically modified forms of the
      enzyme, respectively. Of the three enzyme forms tested the subtilisin-modified
      pyruvate kinase was most rapidly inactivated by trypsin. These results taken
      together suggest that the phosphorylated enzyme has a less ordered structure than
      the other two enzyme forms studied.

PMID- 6380175
TI  - Indications for coronary arteriography after myocardial infarction.
AB  - The prognosis of patients after an acute myocardial infarction depends on the
      extent of the myocardial damage, its resulting left ventricular dysfunction and
      on the number and degree of narrowing of diseased coronary arteries. Patients
      with a severe multivessel disease constitute a high-risk group with an important
      morbidity and mortality during the first few months after hospitalization for a
      myocardial infarction. They could benefit from early revascularization therapy,
      whether by coronary artery bypass surgery, whether by percutaneous transluminal
      coronary angioplasty. Although early coronary revascularization is still
      controversial, management of patients after a myocardial infarction certainly
      will improve from a more accurate risk profiling by a careful diagnostic
      evaluation--including coronary arteriography in some subsets of patients--during
      the in-hospital period.

PMID- 6380176
TI  - Prostacyclin (PGI2) and plasminogen activator (PA) activity in umbilical vein
      grafts. An experimental study.
AB  - Glutaraldehyde-tanned human umbilical cord vein grafts (Dardik Biograft, Meadox)
      (HUV) measuring 6 cm in length and 5-6 mm in diameter were placed in the carotid
      arteries (CA) or jugular veins (JV) of sheep and the anastomoses were made end-to
      end. Sections from the anastomotic sites and mid-graft were submitted to
      prostacyclin (PGI2) (radioimmunoassay) and plasminogen activator, PA,
      (histochemical) assays. Anastomotic PGI2 production from 6 grafts placed in the
      CA and removed 10 days later was similar to that of control arteries. The
      midgraft PGI2 synthesis tended to be less but the difference was not
      statistically significant. Anastomotic PGI2 from 11 grafts placed in the CA and
      removed 90 days later was also similar but the midgraft production was
      significantly less (p less than 0.025). From the distal anastomoses and mid
      portion of grafts placed in the jugular veins and removed 10 days later PGI2
      synthesis was significantly less than that of control veins (p less than 0.025
      and p less than 0.005 respectively) but no difference between the proximal
      anastomosis and control veins was observed. In none of 11 HUV removed on the 10th
      postoperative day was there any PA in the neointima; however, in 6 out of the 9
      HUV removed on the 90th postoperative day, PA was demonstrated in the neointima.
      In conclusion, PGI2 synthesis similar to that of control vessels but less from
      the mid-graft regions. Neointima gained the ability to produce plasminogen
      activator.

PMID- 6380177
TI  - Biliary microflora in acute cholecystitis and the clinical implications.
AB  - A prospective bacteriologic investigation was made in 43 consecutive patients
      (mean age 63 years) operated on for acute cholecystitis. Gallbladder bile and
      wall were cultured, using four methods and with special attention to optimal
      anaerobic technique. Cultures were positive in 72% of the patients, yielding a
      wide variety of species (21 species among 48 isolates). Anaerobes constituted 23%
      of the isolates. Cultures from gallbladder bile and from gallbladder wall gave
      almost identical results, as did sampling at the beginning and at the end of
      cholecystectomy. Bactibilia was found in all patients operated on within 48 hours
      after the onset of symptoms. Bactibilia and postoperative septic complications
      showed statistically significant correlation with high patient age. Bactibilia
      and gallbladder gangrene were significantly correlated with preoperative
      temperature greater than 38.5 degrees C. There was coincidence of strains
      isolated from local wound sepsis and from peroperatively sampled gallbladder
      bile. Adequate preoperative or peroperative antibiotic therapy according to
      susceptibility testing was associated with significantly reduced rate of
      postoperative septic complications. The study indicates that bacteria are present
      early in the course of acute cholecystitis and that they are causally important
      for postoperative morbidity and mortality.

PMID- 6380178
TI  - The effect of one prophylactic dosage of antibiotics on experimentally induced
      lethal intraabdominal sepsis.
AB  - In order to study the effect of one preoperative dosage of antibiotic on the
      mortality rate, incidence of abscesses, adhesions and intraperitoneal fluid, a
      previously described reproducible experimental model of intraabdominal infections
      in rats has been used. Preoperatively, the rats were fed with lean ground beef
      for two weeks in order to change the intestinal microflora into a microflora
      similar to humans. The antibiotics tested were: doxycycline (1 mg), cefoxitin (40
      mg), tinidazole (8 mg) + netilmicin (5 mg), clindamycin (150 mg) + netilmicin (5
      mg) and trimethoprimsulfa (76.8 mg) + tinidazole (8 mg). The results indicate
      that one preoperative dosage of the antibiotic(s) significantly reduces the
      mortality rate in rats with intraabdominal sepsis. Intraperitoneal fluid was
      observed in all non-surviving rats, whereas in the surviving animals no fluid was
      present regardless of the type of antibiotic. The rate of intraabdominal
      abscesses was significantly higher in the doxycycline group compared with the
      other treated groups, indicating an inadequate anaerobic cover of doxycycline.
      The incidence of intraabdominal postoperative adhesions was similar in all groups
      except the trimethoprimsulfa + tinidazole group, which had a significantly lower
      number of rats with adhesions.

PMID- 6380179
TI  - Single versus multiple dose doxycycline prophylaxis in elective colorectal
      surgery.
AB  - One hundred and two patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery were
      randomized in a prospective but "non-blind" way into two groups. The first group
      received 0.4 g of doxycycline preoperatively and the second group 0.2 g of
      doxycycline preoperatively and 0.1 g of doxycycline on the first, second and
      third postoperative day. All doxycycline was administered by intravenous
      infusion. The infection rate was 10% in the "one-dose" treatment group and 10% in
      the "four-dose" treatment group. It is thus concluded that 0.4 g of doxycycline
      preoperatively results in an acceptable rate of postoperative infections, which
      may be explained by the satisfactory concentration of doxycycline up till three
      days after administration. The advantage of "one-dose" treatment compared to
      "four-dose" treatment from practical and economical standpoints are obvious.

PMID- 6380180
TI  - Cytochemistry.

PMID- 6380181
TI  - Ultrasound-guided percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy of abdominal and
      retroperitoneal masses. Accuracy of cytology in the diagnosis of malignancy,
      cytologic tumor typing and use of antibodies to intermediate filaments in
      selected cases.
AB  - The reliability of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in the
      detection of intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal malignancies was evaluated in
      308 consecutive cases seen between 1979 and 1983. The prevalence of malignant
      neoplasms was 68.5%. The overall accuracy of FNAB diagnosis was 88.9%, with a
      sensitivity of 84.4% and a specificity of 98%. The predictive value of positive
      and negative results were 98.9% and 74.6%, respectively. Additionally, the
      cytologic results were statistically evaluated with respect to the different
      sites of the biopsied lesions (including pancreas, liver, kidneys and
      miscellaneous sites). The overall accuracy was highest for malignant lesions in
      the liver (96.4%) and in miscellaneous sites (89.5%). Reasons for false-negative
      results included incorrect areas sampled, limited material due to fibrosis or
      necrosis and cytologic misinterpretations. The accuracy of cytologic tumor typing
      with respect to histogenetic origin was 96.8%. Cytologic subclassification was
      performed with lower accuracy (82.5%), and exact determination of the site of the
      primary tumor from cytologic criteria alone was possible for 35.7% of carcinomas.
      In selected cases, routine cytologic examination was supplemented by intermediate
      filament typing using well-characterized antibodies against cytokeratin,
      vimentin, desmin and neurofilaments. Examples are shown in which use of this
      method clearly increased the accuracy of the diagnosis. Only two serious
      complications (bleeding) of fine-needle aspiration biopsy were encountered in
      this series.

PMID- 6380182
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein in the cytologic
      diagnosis of brain tumors.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies were used to immunocytochemically demonstrate the presence
      or absence of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in smear preparations from
      human intracranial tumors. The results show that this approach may be of great
      help in the histogenetic classification of such tumors.

PMID- 6380183
TI  - Immunoperoxidase study of cytologic smears in oral pemphigus.
AB  - A case is reported in which the oral mucosa was involved by pemphigus vulgaris;
      the lesions were studied by the taking of cytologic smears. The use of an
      immunoperoxidase stain for IgG on the smears, some of which were already stained
      by the Papanicolaou technique, gave a positive reaction in the intercellular
      spaces and on the cell membranes and provided a precise diagnosis of the lesions.

PMID- 6380184
TI  - Immunocytochemical demonstration of carcinoembryonic antigen in cerebrospinal
      fluid with carcinomatous meningitis from rectal cancer.
AB  - The case presented illustrates the application of the immunoperoxidase technique
      to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology. The cytologic findings in a Papanicolaou
      stained slide of the CSF permitted the diagnosis of a metastatic carcinoma.
      Positive reactions to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were demonstrated in the
      tumor cells in the CSF sample as well as in the paraffin-embedded section of the
      primary rectal cancer. Rising CEA levels were also detected in both CSF and
      serum. The determination of cancer-associated antigens, such as CEA in the CSF
      specimen, may be useful in establishing the presence of metastatic tumor in the
      CSF.

PMID- 6380185
TI  - Cytology of hyperplastic endocrine cells of the pancreas in fine needle
      aspiration biopsy.
AB  - Hyperplastic endocrine cells of the pancreas occurred in small cohesive clusters
      with focal glandular arrangement in a fine needle aspirate. They showed pale,
      filmy, ill-defined cytoplasm and round to oval, slightly hyperchromatic nuclei
      with small nucleoli.

PMID- 6380186
TI  - [Use of monoclonal antibodies. A new era in hematology].

PMID- 6380187
TI  - [Quantitative-histologic studies of human fetal pancreas from metabolically
      healthy and insulin-dependent diabetic women].
AB  - Human fetal pancreases from nondiabetic (n = 26) and insulin-dependent diabetic
      women (n = 14) between the 13th and 26th week of pregnancy were investigated
      morphologically. There was in enhanced islet cell volume in fetuses from diabetic
      patients compared to those from nondiabetics, mainly caused by nesidioblastosis.
      This phenomenon could be caused by the metabolic state of the insulin-dependent
      diabetic patients. There were also single beta cells or groups of beta cells,
      which could be found between the exocrine pancreatic tissue, already at an early
      stage in pregnancy. It is assumed, that the nesidioblastosis in fetuses from
      diabetic women is caused by a continuous stimulation of the fetal endocrine
      pancreas during pregnancy. These results are in a good correlation to the in
      vitro results of the insulin secretion of human fetal pancreatic slices after
      incubation.

PMID- 6380188
TI  - Immunocytochemical study of the gastroenteropancreatic endocrine cells of the
      sheep.
AB  - The gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) endocrine cells of the sheep were studied
      immunocytochemically and their distribution and frequency were determined. Eleven
      types of endocrine cells were revealed. In the abomasum, somatostatin-, gastrin-,
      glucagon- and glicentin-immunoreactive cells were detected with the highest
      frequency in the pyloric region. In the small intestine, somatostatin-, gastrin-,
      CCK-, motilin-, neurotensin-, secretin-, substance P-, glucagon-, glicentin- and
      BPP-immunoreactive cells were found and were most numerous in the duodenum except
      for neurotensin-, glucagon- and glicentin-immunoreactive cells which were more
      concentrated in the ileum. In the large intestine, somatostatin-, substance P-,
      glucagon-, glicentin- and BPP-immunoreactive cells were localized with the last
      three cell types being more concentrated in the rectum. In the pancreas,
      somatostatin-, glucagon-, glicentin-, BPP- and insulin-immunoreactive cells
      predominated within the islets and were also scattered in the exocrine portion
      and rarely detected in duct epithelial cells. The differences between the
      distribution and frequency of the GEP endocrine cells of the sheep and those of
      monogastric species are discussed.

PMID- 6380189
TI  - Fate of the juxtaglomerular complex after ischemic injury.
AB  - The juxtaglomerular (JG) complex was studied at different times after 90 min of
      warm kidney ischemia: 2 h, 24 h, 3 days, 10 and 30 days following the ischemia.
      The ischemic injury was performed on the left kidney, under two experimental
      conditions: with and without previous nephrectomy of the contralateral
      nonischemic kidney. The activity of the JG complex was evaluated by assessing the
      JG index and by determination of plasma renin activity. Results show that, under
      given experimental conditions, fate of the particular JG complex depends on the
      fate of its own nephron. In the presence of the contralateral intact kidney most
      nephrons of the ischemic kidney underwent gradual degeneration and their JG
      complexes degenerated too. When ischemic kidney was the sole kidney, the majority
      of nephron units regenerated and their JG complexes recovered both
      morphologically and functionally.

PMID- 6380191
TI  - [Venous valves in the large branches of superior vena cava].
AB  - In 97 human cadavers the valves of the following blood vessels were investigated
      with regard to their cusps and their sizes and positions: the internal jugular
      veins, the subclavian veins, the brachiocephalic veins, and the superior vena
      cava. The cusps of each of the valves, which consist of two or three parts, are
      neither always of equal size nor obligatorily sufficient. Unipartite valves may
      be sufficient as well as insufficient. Internal jugular veins: The inferior bulb
      of the internal jugular vein is provided with valves which in 6% of the cases
      consist of three parts, in 66% of two parts, and in 15% of only one cusp. The
      concave margins of most of them go down as far as the venous angle. The convex
      edges attached to the wall of the vein extend to a higher level on the right side
      than on the left. In 13% there do not exist any valves. Varieties are described
      separately in this paper. Subclavian veins: Valves are found along the length of
      the vessel. Only few of them reach the venous angle. In rare cases there exist
      two valves: one at the beginning, the other at the end of the subclavian vein. In
      4% of the cases the valves consist of three, in 75% of two cusps. In 12% they are
      unipartite. In 9% there are no valves to be found. The right side is more often
      without valves than the left. Brachiocephalic veins: Only a minority of these
      vessels is provided with valves. Most of these consist of one cusp, are
      insufficient, and are situated in the left innominate vein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6380190
TI  - Differentiation of presumptive lens ectoderm of the chick in vitro studied with
      immunofluorescence techniques.
AB  - The differentiation capacity of presumptive lens ectoderm was studied in the
      chick by an in vitro technique using the appearance of central nervous system or
      lens-specific antigens as indicators of differentiation. Handling the explants
      resulted in 'autodifferentiation' of both antigens, but co-culture with alcohol
      killed primitive node or optic cup material could induce much stronger
      differentiation. Little specificity exists in the reaction and a hypothesis is
      presented whereby selection between the two differentiation pathways is thought
      to be due mainly to maturation within the ectoderm and the inducing tissue plays
      a minor qualitative role.

PMID- 6380192
TI  - Correlation between immunodifferentiation and histodifferentiation in presumptive
      lens ectoderm of the chick in vitro.
AB  - The ability of stage-4-9 chick presumptive lens ectoderm to undergo nervous
      tissue or lens differentiation was studied in vitro. The tissue was cultured
      alone or co-cultured with alcohol-killed primitive node or optic cup as inducer.
      Immunofluorescence was studied on paraffin-wax preparations, which were then
      studied histologically. An attempt was made to correlate immunological and
      histological differentiation. The presumptive lens ectoderm differentiated both
      nervous tissue and lens structures in all stages, regardless of the presence or
      absence of an inducer. The outcome, however, was improved when an inducer was
      included. The inducers were not qualitatively specific. The stage-4 ectoderm
      proved to be more apt than older stages to differentiate nervous tissue and form
      neural tube-like structures. In the former stage, lens differentiation occurred
      with less readiness. Older stages differentiated lens structures readily and also
      showed immunological signs of nervous tissue differentiation. No indication of
      histological differentiation, however, was apparent and no neural tube-like
      structures formed.

PMID- 6380193
TI  - Effect of the removal of different endocrine glands upon insulin secretion and B
      cell ultrastructure.
AB  - Glucose-induced insulin secretion and B-cell ultrastructure were studied in
      islets obtained from normal, adrenalectomized, radiothyroidectomized,
      ovariectomized and orchidectomized rats. Both parameters were also studied in the
      same experimental groups submitted to specific substitutive therapy. Insulin
      secretion in response to high glucose was significantly diminished in
      adrenalectomized, hypothyroid and male castrated rats. Conversely, this secretion
      was enhanced in ovariectomized rats. These abnormal insulin responses were
      restored to normal range by specific substitutive therapy. B-cell ultrastructure
      was markedly altered in hypothyroid and in female and male castrated rats. No
      significant changes were observed in the adrenalectomized rats. No conspicuous
      alterations were depicted in the other islet cell populations. The features of
      the morphological alterations were mainly related to changes in the B-granules
      and the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Modifications of the other B-cell organelles
      were less frequent. In the castrated rats, a distinctive feature was the
      appearance of a finely granulated colloid material. These B-cell alterations,
      consecutive to changes in the circulating levels of a given hormone, seemed to
      depend on the chemical structure of the hormone itself rather than on the changes
      induced in the B-cell secretory function. The ultrastructural changes described
      were reversed, as in the case of insulin release, by specific substitutive
      therapy. It is concluded that changes in the circulating levels of the hormones
      studied are followed by specific alterations in both B-cell secretion and
      ultrastructure.

PMID- 6380194
TI  - Escherichia coli Col V plasmids and their role in pathogenicity.
AB  - Out of 1474 Escherichia coli strains belonging to 70 serogroups and 247
      serologically not identified ones, colicin V producers were found in serogroups
      O78, O1, O7, O18 and also among the not identified strains. The molecular weight
      of Col V1 plasmid from the standard strain was 70 Mdal. The Col V plasmids
      carried by E. coli O78 strains isolated from a hospital outbreak in Hungary had a
      molecular weight of 78 Mdal and also 78 Mdal was the molecular weight of the Col
      V plasmid carried by Rivier's strain (designated 23), which had caused meningitis
      in Switzerland. The molecular weight of Col V plasmids of O1: K1, O21, O161 and
      serologically not identified E. coli strains isolated from sporadic cases was of
      94 to 119 Mdal. In the case of three strains the increase of LD50 values, which
      means the decrease of virulence, resulted in the loss of colicin V production and
      the loss of Col V plasmid. It was demonstrated by introduction of a transposon,
      inactivating colicin V production, into a wild type E. coli strain that the
      production of colicin was not essential for the increase of virulence controlled
      by Col V plasmid. In the case of one strain the loss of both R and Col V plasmid
      resulted in a decrease of virulence. No plasmid other than R and Col V was
      carried by this strain. The virulence determining gene could be eliminated
      together with both plasmids, which means that this gene could be attached equally
      to Col V and R plasmid.

PMID- 6380195
TI  - Decreased permeability of glycerol in an ergosterol-less mutant of Candida
      albicans.
AB  - In a comparative study, an ergosterol-less nystatin-resistant mutant of Candida
      albicans and its ergosterol-producing nystatin-sensitive parental strain were
      investigated. The sterol mutant showed a more significantly decreased growth
      yield, respiration and glycerol-uptake activity than the parental strain as the
      consequence of its altered plasma membrane lipid composition.

PMID- 6380196
TI  - Isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis from urethral scrapings of men.
AB  - Two strains of Chlamydia were isolated in McCoy cell cultures and hens' yolk sacs
      from urethral scrapings of men suffering from "nonspecific" urethritis. Their
      identification as Chlamydia trachomatis was based on cytoplasmic inclusions
      staining with iodine and on indirect immunofluorescence with anti-LGV serum. Both
      tests were performed in McCoy cells.

PMID- 6380197
TI  - Clonazepam and vibration in restless legs syndrome.
AB  - There have been no controlled therapeutic trials in Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS).
      In 6 patients with RLS, a randomized double-blind cross-over trial vs placebo
      showed a significant efficacy of clonazepam in improving subjective quality of
      sleep and leg dysaesthesia. Vibratory stimulation of the leg showed a less
      pronounced and non-significant effect. Clonazepam is a safe and effective drug
      for treatment of RLS; however its long-term efficacy needs confirmation.

PMID- 6380200
TI  - Opening speech at the 50th anniversary congress of the Scandinavian Association
      of Obstetricians and Gynecologists in Stockholm, January 28-29, 1983.

PMID- 6380198
TI  - Asymptomatic encephalic intraparenchymatous neuroepithelial cysts.
AB  - The authors report three cases of intraparenchymatous neuroepithelial cysts,
      which did not communicate with the ventricular system and the subarachnoid space.
      They were located in (1) the right frontal lobe, (2) the left cerebral peduncle
      and pons, and (3) the right cerebellar hemisphere. All of them were asymptomatic,
      despite their volume and location, and presented as incidental autopsy findings.
      A developmental origin is likely for these non-neoplastic cysts.

PMID- 6380199
TI  - The development of gynecological oncology in Scandinavia during the last 50
      years.
AB  - The last 50 years of development in gynecological oncology has changed the
      methods for the diagnosis of cancer and for treatment of cancer, both to give
      better treatment results. From the beginning the gynecologist could only inspect
      or palpate. Later on roentgen examination was introduced and later still
      microscopic diagnosis, more advanced diagnostic methods, e.g. endoscopy,
      ultrasound, isotope examination and advanced microscopic diagnosis and
      computerized tomography. Today we are waiting for the break-through in
      computerized tomography using nuclear spin resonance for the study of tumors and
      the spread of tumors. Parallel with the development in diagnosis, treatment has
      developed. Originally surgery was the only method available. Later on low energy
      radiation, endocrine therapy, chemotherapy and then high voltage energy treatment
      became available along with some experimental therapies. Today we have a broad
      range of therapeutic tools to use. In the future we might use prophylaxis more
      than we do today to prevent cancer and when cancer is present we might enhance
      the immune defense or introduce specific immuno-therapy with clonal antibodies,
      specially made for the actual tumor, and surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy
      will be used less.

PMID- 6380201
TI  - The Scandinavian Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 1933-1983.

PMID- 6380202
TI  - Corneal grafts for endothelial decompensation: the influence of intraocular
      lenses on corneal graft survival.
AB  - Re-examination of the fate of 136 corneal grafts for bullous keratopathy
      (secondary endothelial decompensation) revealed a decreased, but not significant,
      graft survival of those grafts compared to the total of 572 grafts in patients
      with a diagnosis other than bullous keratopathy, as well as a decreased graft
      survival when compared to the survival of the grafts for Fuchs dystrophy (primary
      endothelial decompensation). A statistically significant decreased graft survival
      (P = 0.015) was observed when corneal grafts performed in pseudophakic eyes with
      secondary endothelial decompensation were compared to those performed in aphakic
      eyes with secondary endothelial decompensation. An immunological explanation for
      this difference was not detected. The influence of an intraocular lens on corneal
      corneal graft survival was analyzed. Indications for removing or retaining the
      intraocular lens at the time of graft surgery are reported.

PMID- 6380203
TI  - Long term results of corneal grafting in Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy.
AB  - The long term results of grafting for Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy are reported
      in 25 patients with 33 penetrating keratoplasties, with a mean observation period
      of 50 months, 33% of the cases showed a visual acuity of 0.5 or better, while 42%
      had a visual acuity less than 0.1. The cause of visual acuity less than 0.1 was
      largely permanent corneal oedema, which was observed to develop in 39% of the
      cases. Some of the causes of oedema were accounted for by graft rejection,
      glaucoma and other obvious causes, but in a significant number of cases (12% of
      all cases), the oedema developed as a quiet, slowly progressive oedema without
      any obvious aetiology. It is tentatively suggested that the recurrence of oedema
      might be associated with the primary disease in patients with Fuchs' endothelial
      dystrophy.

PMID- 6380204
TI  - A study of the incidence of neonatal conjunctivitis and of its bacterial causes
      including Chlamydia trachomatis. Clinical examination, culture and cytology of
      tear fluid.
AB  - Out of 300 newborn infants who had conjunctival swabs inoculated for detection of
      Chlamydia trachomatis and other bacteria, 72% had bacteria isolated 4 to 6 days
      after birth. Of these, Staph. albus constituted 51% and Staph. aureus 19%. None
      of the infants were Chlamydia positive. Five out of 112 mothers (4.5%) were
      Chlamydia positive from the cervix just before delivery. Nineteen of the neonates
      were treated for conjunctivitis within the first month of life. Chlamydia
      trachomatis was isolated from 2, and Staph. aureus, alpha-Streptococci,
      Pneumococci and Haemophilus influenzae from some of the other infants. A likely
      diagnosis could be made in 46% of these cases, while the remaining cultures
      showed only apathogenic bacteria or no growth. There was a fairly good accordance
      with observation of inflammatory cells in the tear fluid and the clinical
      picture, 17/19 = 90% showing neutrophilia. Despite failing aetiological diagnosis
      in several cases, the infants responded satisfactorily to local antibiotic
      treatment. 75% of the parents replied to questionnaires 2 months after birth
      concerning conjunctivitis within the first month of life. The replies showed that
      58 = 25% had had conjunctivitis, of whom 17% had been treated with antibiotics.

PMID- 6380205
TI  - Lacrimal and salivary secretion in Sjogren's syndrome: the effect of systemic
      treatment with bromhexine.
AB  - In a randomized clinical study, 32 patients with Sjogrens syndrome (SS) were
      given placebo/bromhexine (Bisolvon) 48 mg daily for 3 weeks. Various
      ophthalmological and oral variables as well as different proteins in tear fluid
      and saliva were registered. Bromhexine stimulated the tear secretion
      significantly, presumably without changing the protein composition of the tear
      fluid. In saliva the IgM concentration in contrast to other proteins decreased in
      patients with high pre-treatment values. Bromhexine may be of valuable help in
      the treatment of some patients with SS.

PMID- 6380206
TI  - Immunohistochemical identification of inflammatory cells in secretory and chronic
      otitis media and cholesteatoma using monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies (OKT 3,4,6,8 and OKIa) were used in conjunction with the
      avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method to classify inflammatory cells in 6
      biopsies of the middle ear mucosa in patients with secretory otitis media (SOM)
      and in 19 middle ear or mastoidal biopsies in patients with chronic otitis media
      (COM). Mononuclear cell infiltrates under the mucosal epithelium were found to
      consist mainly of T4 positive (helper-inducer) T-lymphocytes (50-60%). T8
      positive (suppressor-cytotoxic) T-lymphocytes accounted for 20-30% of the cells.
      T4 positive cells were confined to the round cell infiltrates, whereas T8
      positive cells were also located under the mucosal epithelium and seemed to
      penetrate it. There were no differences between SOM or COM with regard to the
      distribution or localization of T4 and T8 cells. T6 and Ia positive Langerhans
      cells were found in the ingrowing tympanic membrane squamous epithelium and in
      the cavity skin. The number and distribution of these T6 positive cells were
      similar to those observed in the skin. In the thick cholesteatoma epithelium
      these cells were somewhat unevenly distributed but were more numerous than in
      other sites studied. The results are indicative of a normal cell-mediated mucosal
      response to infection.

PMID- 6380207
TI  - Glucose, insulin and inner ear pathology.
AB  - One hundred consecutive patients with a clinical suspicion of metabolic inner ear
      disorder were submitted to a 5-hour glucose tolerance test with simultaneous
      titration of insulin. It was found that 82% of the patients presented abnormal
      glucose and/or insulin values. The analysis of the results revealed hypo- or
      hyperglycemia were present in only 41% of the cases, and that all patients had
      normal fast values for glucose. Hyperinsulinemia was the most frequent
      abnormality and was found to constitute the determining factor of the inner ear
      disorders. 26 of the patients presented Meniere's disease. The pathophysiological
      model for insulin-induced Meniere's disease is discussed. Follow-up data indicate
      that these patients respond well to a diet with reduced intake of small molecule
      carbohydrates.

PMID- 6380208
TI  - The kinetics of epithelial cells in relation to ventilating tubes.
AB  - Although the precise mechanism of ventilating tube extrusion from the tympanic
      membrane is undetermined, it has often been attributed to epithelial migration.
      However, there has been no experimental evidence for such a hypothesis. In this
      study, epithelial migration was examined on 28 human tympanic membranes in which
      ventilating tubes had been inserted. It was found that the presence of such tubes
      did not alter the pattern of migration. It appears unlikely that epithelial
      migration alone is responsible for the extrusion process. A mechanism for
      ventilating tube expulsion is proposed which is compatible with clinical and
      experimental findings.

PMID- 6380209
TI  - Localization of antileukoprotease in the parotid and the submandibular salivary
      glands.
AB  - Antileukoprotease is the dominating inhibitor of granulocyte elastase and
      cathepsin G in normal human mixed and parotid saliva. The distribution of
      antileukoprotease in the submandibular and parotid glands was analysed with an
      immunoperoxidase technique using specific antibodies against antileukoprotease.
      Antileukoprotease was demonstrated in the serous cells of both the submandibular
      and parotid glands. These findings suggest that there is a local production of
      the inhibitor in the parotid gland and submandibular gland and are in agreement
      with our previous work which demonstrated high concentrations of the inhibitor in
      parotid saliva.

PMID- 6380210
TI  - Diclofenac (Voltaren). Pain-relieving effect after tonsillectomy.
AB  - The efficacy of diclofenac suppositories was estimated in a two-centre, double
      blind, placebo-controlled study comprising 97 patients (47 in the diclofenac
      group and 50 in the placebo group). The series from the two centres and patients
      in the two treatment groups were comparable. Immediately postoperatively, the
      patients received 100 mg diclofenac, followed by 50 mg in the evening and 50 mg
      in the morning after the operation, or placebo suppositories. The efficacy was
      assessed both by the patients and by the staff by marking on a visual analogue
      scale. Statistical analyses showed that diclofenac has a significant (p less than
      0.001) effect on the pain associated with swallowing and on the general condition
      of the patients. The therapeutic gain was calculated to 50%. As a consequence of
      this study, treatment with diclofenac has been introduced in both ENT
      departments.

PMID- 6380211
TI  - Bordetella pertussis whole cell vaccines--efficacy and toxicity.
AB  - The literature concerning efficacy and side effects of pertussis vaccines is
      reviewed. With few exceptions, most vaccines induce a protective immunity lasting
      for 2 to 5 years. The large-scale use of pertussis vaccines has markedly
      contributed to the decrease in pertussis morbidity in small children but in some
      countries the incidence has increased in older children. Not even countries with
      immunisation rates of 90-95% have managed to eradicate pertussis or prevent
      disease in infants below the age of immunisation. The pertussis-associated
      mortality is currently very low in the industrialised countries and no
      differences can be discerned when countries with high, low and zero immunisation
      rates are compared. Local and benign systemic reactions are commonly seen after
      immunisation. The vaccines also sometimes cause convulsions, a shock-like state
      and, rarely, serious neurological reactions.

PMID- 6380212
TI  - Phenobarbital prophylaxis for hyperbilirubinemia in preterm infants. A controlled
      study of bilirubin disappearance and infant behavior.
AB  - Phenobarbital (PB) has been used at several pediatric centers for prophylaxis
      against neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. However, few attempts have been made to
      evaluate this procedure quantitatively, and a variety of dose schedules has been
      proposed. Therefore, a randomized, controlled clinical trial was performed in
      which the effects on bilirubin disposition and on neonatal behavior was
      quantitated. Forty-three preterm infants were randomized into one of four dose
      groups and given 0, 4, 8, or 12 mg of PB per kg in a single dose within the first
      few hours after birth (mean 2.2 h). The total serum bilirubin disappearance rate
      was found to be significantly increased (p less than 0.01) only in the 12 mg/kg
      group. This effect was not evident until postnatal day 7. The 4 and 8 mg/kg
      groups were not significantly different from the control group at any time.
      Infant behavior was monitored by a non-invasive time-lapse filming technique. The
      time spent in quiet sleep was found to be proportional to the plasma PB
      concentration at one day of age (r = 0.61). The infants in the 12 mg group spent
      a larger proportion of time in quiet sleep than the other groups (p less than
      0.05). The plasma half-lives, plasma clearances and volumes of distribution of PB
      were similar in the three dose groups. No correlation was found between the
      pharmacokinetics and the gestational age of the infant. It is concluded that in
      order to enhance the bilirubin disappearance rate, PB has to be administered in
      doses that will affect behavior.

PMID- 6380213
TI  - Treatment of hypoglycemia in diabetes: failure of absorption of glucose through
      rectal mucosa.

PMID- 6380215
TI  - Sarin poisoning in guinea pigs compared to reactivation of acetylcholinesterase
      in vitro as a basis for therapy.
AB  - Contrary to the large number of publications dealing with treatment of
      organophosphate poisoning in a variety of animal species, there is no logic
      reason in the preference of one species, for this purpose. Guinea pigs were
      reported to respond better to treatment by oximes, than mice and rats. However,
      in the analysis of data on the effect of obidoxim and atropine or benactyzine on
      sarin poisoning it is demonstrated, that guinea pigs do not respond differently
      from mice and rats. Subcutaneous LD50's of sarin in mice ranged from 0.06 to
      0.207 mg/kg, and those of guinea pigs from 0.04 to 0.112 mg/kg. The difference in
      the LD50's may be related to the different susceptibility of various animal
      species. The importance of "in vivo" dosage, mode of application, kinetics of
      antagonists, in correlation to the ability to reactivate "in vitro" is discussed.

PMID- 6380214
TI  - The influence of intravenous furosemide on the renal excretion pattern of protein
      and protein degradation products.
AB  - To assist the attending physician who may have difficulties in deciding whether
      observed deviations from normal renal physiology are disease-induced or diuresis
      induced we studied urinary excretion rate of proteins and protein degradation
      products in eight healthy male volunteers between 60 and 70 years. After a 24 hr
      control period in the ward the subjects received 80 mg furosemide intravenously.
      The 24 hr creatinine clearance was reduced from 95 +/- 9 to 83 +/- 6 ml/min. (P
      less than 0.05). The reduction in the 24 hr carbamide clearance from 35.8 +/- 9.4
      to 33.1 +/- 6.2 ml/min. was not significant. The urinary pH was significantly
      increased during the first hour but after the pH showed a fall which was
      significant during 2-8 hours after the injection. Initially the urate excretion
      showed an apparent increase but from 1-8 hours after the injection significantly
      less urate was excreted. The 24 hr urate clearance was reduced by furosemide from
      5.3 +/- 1.6 to 3.4 +/- 1.1 ml/min. (P less than 0.05) and the amount of urate
      excreted was reduced from 2.6 to 1.6 mmol per 24 hrs (p = 0.05). The excretion
      rate of beta 2-microglobulin was reduced (P less than 0.01) whereas the excretion
      rate of albumin was increased (P less than 0.05).

PMID- 6380216
TI  - Identification and prognostic implications of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes--a
      review.
AB  - Cancer patients who have many tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) tend to have
      better prognoses. A relationship between prognosis and TIL or regional lymph node
      response is present in several malignant diseases. TIL are mainly T lymphocytes,
      as ascertained by immunological methods. Results of studies on T-lymphocyte
      subsets comprising TIL using monoclonal antibodies (OKT series and Leu series)
      are summarized in this review.

PMID- 6380217
TI  - Prostacyclin and thromboxane in cerebral vasospasm II: Effects of thromboxane
      synthetase inhibitor (OKY-1581) on experimentally-induced cerebral vasospasm.
AB  - OKY-1581, a thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthetase inhibitor, was administered to cats
      with normal and constricted basilar arteries. At a dose of 60mg/kg (i.v.), both
      normal and constricted vessels dilated, and the mean arterial blood pressure
      (MABP) fell from 55 to 75 mmHg. If MABP remained constant, vessel diameter did
      not change. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was simulated by intracisternal
      injection of autologous arterial blood. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was
      assessed by the heat clearance and H2 clearance methods. The two methods
      presented similar response profiles. rCBF responses to intravenous OKY-1581 fell
      into 3 categories: A) no change in rCBF, B) decrease in rCBF related to MABP and
      C) increase in rCBF in the presence of hypotension. Types A and B were observed
      in 3 out of 10 control cats and 4 out of 14 SAH-induced cats, with Type C
      responses in the remainder. There was no significant difference between the
      groups. While the results do not support a major role for TXA2 in cerebral
      vasospasm pathogenesis, OKY-1581 may still be useful in the treatment of cerebral
      vasospasm, as it improves distal and deep circulation and inhibits platelet
      aggregation.

PMID- 6380218
TI  - [Systemic lupus erythematosus with bullous manifestations. Association with
      bullous pemphigoid and a rare presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 6380219
TI  - [Epidemiology of alcoholism].

PMID- 6380220
TI  - The concept of depression: diagnosis and classification.

PMID- 6380221
TI  - 3H-imipramine and 3H-desipramine binding sites in depression.

PMID- 6380222
TI  - Peptides in depression.

PMID- 6380223
TI  - Dexamethasone suppression test for depression.
AB  - The DST is a practical laboratory test that can be used in outpatient or
      inpatient settings. The required laboratory technology is available at any
      hospital. No subjective, behavioral, or metabolic side-effects occur with the
      single-dose administration of dexamethasone, and the test is well tolerated by
      patients. The test is not affected by most of the usual psychotropic drugs, and
      no special dietary precautions are needed. The recommended procedure for
      inpatients yields good sensitivity (67%) and high specificity (96%). Like many
      laboratory tests, the DST will be most useful if there is a moderate probability
      that the disorder being considered (melancholia) is actually present (4). If the
      prevalence of melancholia in the population tested is at least 35%, then the
      predictive value (diagnostic confidence) of an abnormal test result will be at
      least 90%. If the prevalence is very low, however, then the predictive value also
      will be much lower. Thus, the DST is not suitable for screening unselected
      patients but should be used when the clinician thinks it might help to answer a
      specific diagnostic question. Several clinical applications of the DST are being
      developed, as outlined above. All of these proposed uses of the test need further
      study. As the test is used more widely, an important principle to remember will
      be that physicians treat patients, not laboratory results; the test results
      always should be interpreted in clinical context. Provided that the principles of
      application discussed above are observed, then the DST has real potential for
      aiding clinicians in the diagnosis and management of depressed patients. Given
      the known unreliability of clinical diagnoses, it will not be surprising to find
      that the laboratory test result causes clinicians at times to reevaluate their
      patients and to recognize treatable depressions that were previously overlooked.

PMID- 6380224
TI  - Novel antidepressants: problems in evaluation.
AB  - In conclusion, it is obvious that the program of clinical testing of new
      antidepressants is a formidable one, taking several years to complete. However,
      by incorporating careful classificatory, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic
      data we should increase our knowledge of the usage of antidepressants generally,
      as well as the particular novel antidepressant under investigation.

PMID- 6380225
TI  - Beta-receptor stimulation in the treatment of depression.

PMID- 6380226
TI  - In search of the mode of action of antidepressants: 5-HTP/tyrosine mixtures in
      depression.
AB  - For a long time, antidepressants have been considered to act via enhancement of
      central MA-ergic activity (due to reuptake or MAO inhibition). An alternative
      hypothesis holds that their action is based on down-regulation of MA-ergic
      activity (due to decrease in density or sensitivity of certain receptor
      populations). In this chapter I have discussed the likelihood of both hypotheses
      and have reached the conclusion that the first one is the more plausible. I have
      discussed the following arguments: The 5-HT precursor 5-HTP, which is transformed
      to 5-HT in the brain, has antidepressant properties. There are indications that
      the same holds true for tyrosine, a CA precursor transformed in the brain to DA
      and NE. I found evidence that the 5-HTP effects in depression are potentiated by
      tyrosine. Since activation rather than suppression of MA-ergic activity seems to
      be linked to antidepressant activity, it seems likely that the signs of decreased
      MA metabolism that has been demonstrated in certain types of depression are the
      expression of a primary metabolic deficit rather than a phenomenon secondary to
      receptor hyper-sensitivity. Further clinical studies of 5-HT/CA precursor
      combinations in depression are justified.

PMID- 6380227
TI  - The prevention of suicidal acts in high-risk patients.

PMID- 6380228
TI  - Tryptophan and tyrosine availability: relation to clinical response to
      antidepressive pharmacotherapy.

PMID- 6380229
TI  - Clinical pharmacology of antidepressant drugs: pharmacogenetics.
AB  - There are marked interindividual differences in Css of tricyclic antidepressants.
      These are due mainly to corresponding differences in the rate of elimination of
      the drugs and hence in drug oxidation. Twin, family, and cross-over studies with
      NT and DMI show that their kinetics (Css, Kel, and Vd) are controlled mainly by
      genetic factors (in drug-free individuals). Slow hydroxylators are at risk of
      developing excessive plasma concentrations of NT and DMI when given per se or
      when formed from the tertiary amines AT and imipramine. Classic antidepressants
      have fairly well established concentration-effect curves in endogenous
      depression. Severe toxicity usually occurs at supratherapeutic plasma levels and
      might be prevented by tailoring the dosage according to the individual's drug
      hydroxylating capacity. Monitoring drug plasma levels is particularly relevant in
      slow hydroxylators. There is a strong association between an individual's ability
      to hydroxylate NT and DMI and his D hydroxylation phenotype. The ratios between D
      and 4-OH-D in urine after a single oral dose are bimodally distributed in the
      population (polymorphism), with 3 to 10% being slow hydroxylators and the
      remainder rapid hydroxylators. Indices of NT-hydroxylation do not sharply
      distinguish the two phenotypes. The D metabolic index will predict the patient's
      capacity to hydroxylate NT and DMI and hence Css during therapy. Possibly similar
      hydroxylases are involved in the 4-hydroxylation of debrisoquine, in the
      stereospecific E-10-hydroxylation of NT, and in the 2-hydroxylation of DMI. By
      contrast demethylation of AT (and probably other tertiary tricyclics) does not
      significantly correlate to debrisoquine hydroxylation. The increasing knowledge
      of the clinical pharmacokinetics of tricyclic antidepressants is a distinct
      advantage over that of the new generation of antidepressants, where little is
      known about concentration-effect relationships and factors governing their rate
      of metabolism.

PMID- 6380230
TI  - Adverse effects of tricyclic antidepressants: focus on the elderly.
AB  - By and large the tricyclic antidepressants are safe drugs. The adverse events
      associated with them often have more to do with the individual patient and any
      preexisting medical conditions or co-administered medications than with the
      particular tricyclic drug used. Only rarely will it prove unwise to treat major
      affective disorders with a tricyclic. The vast majority of the time the benefits
      of drug treatment will outweigh the risks. In milder cases or in patients whose
      depression is a symptom rather than a syndrome, the situation is more complex.
      Because a drug response becomes less certain and a placebo response more likely,
      one must very carefully balance the risks involved against the likely benefits of
      specific antidepressant treatment. While there are more frequent indications for
      the use of an antidepressant drug in a geriatric population than in a younger
      group, the risk of tricyclic antidepressant treatment undoubtedly increases as
      patients grow older. But even in the elderly, if a patient is healthy the drug is
      probably safe. Only when a patient has preexisting conduction disease, far
      advanced cardiovascular disease, or is on multiple other drugs are the risks of
      tricyclic treatment high. Here in particular, a careful understanding of the
      underlying pharmacology of the tricyclic drugs and their adverse reactions can
      produce a more rational and safe basis for treatment.

PMID- 6380231
TI  - Plasma level monitoring of antidepressants: theoretical basis and clinical
      application.
AB  - For TCAs there is a strong rationale for drug level monitoring in clinical
      therapy. Therapeutic drug concentration ranges have been established in
      controlled studies with NT, imipramine, and AT. It has been shown that by
      appropriate choice of antidepressant and close monitoring of drug levels,
      treatment with antidepressants in elderly and other risk patients can be carried
      out effectively and safely, reducing the use of electroconvulsive therapy.
      Finally, the practical clinical use of antidepressant concentration measurements
      is now feasible and not expensive, and the analytical procedures can be
      established in most hospital settings. On the basis of these premises the
      following can be concluded: Plasma level monitoring should be used as a routine
      for imipramine, NT, and AT. Further plasma level studies on other antidepressants
      and in overdose cases should be initiated. Plasma level monitoring is
      indispensable in clinical research on antidepressants (trials, new drugs,
      toxicology). Pharmacokinetic considerations may be useful to determine which
      receptor effects are clinically relevant in therapy and toxicology.

PMID- 6380232
TI  - The efficacy of carbamazepine in affective illness.

PMID- 6380233
TI  - Henry G. Kunkel (1916-1983).

PMID- 6380234
TI  - [A new trial of the treatment of corneal epithelial disorders. Basic and clinical
      studies on fibronectin].

PMID- 6380236
TI  - [Degeneration and regeneration of the corneal endothelium].

PMID- 6380235
TI  - [Keratoconus--a 10-year experience].

PMID- 6380238
TI  - [Fibronectin in corneal endothelial wound healing of rabbit and cat].

PMID- 6380237
TI  - [Localization and nature of retinal A-antigen].

PMID- 6380239
TI  - [A statistical study on penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus during the last
      10 years].

PMID- 6380241
TI  - Alpha-solanine tested for mutagenicity with Ames test.

PMID- 6380240
TI  - [Preliminary clinical studies with a new non-ionic contrast medium (Iopamidol) in
      intravenous pyelography].
AB  - The non-ionic and low-osmotic pressure contrast media Iopamilon 370 was used on
      20 outpatients who had not been found to have abnormal renal function. The
      results were compared with those obtained with Urographin (76%), currently used
      at our department, on 13 of the 20 patients. The nephrograms and renal pelvis
      obtained using Iopamilon 370 tended to have a clearer contrast than those
      obtained with Urographin. No side effects were produced.

PMID- 6380242
TI  - Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in the jejunum of piglets with neonatal
      diarrhea.

PMID- 6380243
TI  - Obidoxime reactivation of organophosphate-inhibited cholinesterase activity in
      pigs.

PMID- 6380245
TI  - Glossary of terms for thoracic radiology: recommendations of the Nomenclature
      Committee of the Fleischner Society.

PMID- 6380244
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography: principles and pitfalls of image improvement
      techniques.
AB  - The technology of imaging methods in digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is
      discussed in detail. Areas covered include function of the video camera in both
      interlaced and sequential scan modes, digitization by the analog-to-digital
      converter, logarithmic signal processing, dose rates, and acquisition of images
      using frame integration and pulsed-sequential techniques. Also discussed are
      various methods of improving image content and quality by both hardware and
      software modifications. These include the development of larger image
      intensifiers, larger matrices, video camera improvements, reregistration, hybrid
      subtraction, matched filtering, recursive filtering, DSA tomography, and edge
      enhancement.

PMID- 6380246
TI  - An evaluation of computer-assisted instruction in radiology.
AB  - The effectiveness of computer-assisted instruction in two radiologic topics was
      investigated. A group of fourth-year medical students received computer-assisted
      instruction while a control group received the same material by way of a
      conventional lecture. Each group was tested before and after instruction, and the
      group mean scores were compared. Student attitudes were elicited by
      questionnaire. Computer-assisted instruction was as effective as the lecture in
      improving the students' test performance. Subjectively, computer-assisted
      instruction was rated superior by the students because of its interactive nature.
      Applications of computer-assisted instruction in radiology education are
      discussed.

PMID- 6380247
TI  - Keeping up with computers and their applications in medicine.

PMID- 6380248
TI  - [Monocyte chemotaxis: critical evaluation of 2 methods of quantification].
AB  - The mononuclear phagocytic system (Mo) possesses a series of well defined
      functions regarding both its circulatory components--monocytes--and histiocytic
      macrophages. These functions--antimicrobial defense, elimination of cellular
      particles or detritus, immunological interaction with lymphocytes cells,
      antitumoral defense and control of granulopoiesis--require chemotaxis and
      phagocytosis or preceding steps. Although knowledge of these functional aspects
      is continually becoming better--always assured by advances obtained in the study
      of the function and pathology of polymorphonuclear cells--, an authentic
      pathology of monocyte chemotaxis as an independent clinical entity doesn't exist.
      This is attributed to of these cells. The techniques currently in use differ not
      only in their methodology but also in their bases and thus the results obtained
      by various authors are not generally comparable. All this led us to do a
      comparative study, in control subjects, between two techniques which explore the
      chemotactic capacity of monocytes from peripheral blood. The chemotactic capacity
      of monocytes from peripheral blood in control subjects, measured by two distinct
      quantification methods, were studied: Radioanalytic Method (monocytes tagged with
      99 mTc) and a morphological method (counting the number of monocytes per field in
      immersion). The results obtained from both techniques were very similar, the
      existence of significant differences in cell behavior with exposure to the
      different chemotactic substances used could not be demonstrated. These results
      are commented on.

PMID- 6380249
TI  - Medical reminiscences. Part II.

PMID- 6380250
TI  - Mexico-acquired malaria: a case report.

PMID- 6380251
TI  - Medicare premiums: up again.

PMID- 6380252
TI  - Management of chronic renal failure.

PMID- 6380253
TI  - Effect of propafenone in patients with stable ventricular arrhythmias.
AB  - Thirty patients with clinically significant ventricular ectopy were treated with
      propafenone, a new potent antiarrhythmic agent with membrane stabilizing action.
      Patients had a minimum mean of greater than 30 ventricular premature beats per
      hour documented by continuous 48-hour ambulatory ECG recording. Twenty-five
      patients qualified as responders, defined as greater than 85% reduction of
      ventricular ectopy compared to baseline, and completed a double-blind placebo
      crossover phase. Significant reduction in single ventricular ectopy per hour,
      paired ventricular ectopy per hour, and ventricular tachycardia beats per hour
      were observed. Almost total abolition of ventricular tachycardia and paired
      ventricular ectopy was achieved. Side effects were minimal and well tolerated. A
      significant prolongation of the PR interval occurred. QRS prolongation and
      prolongation of the corrected QT interval was observed in some patients, with new
      left bundle branch block developing in two patients. Long-term efficacy and
      safety studies will be necessary to determine the ultimate role of this new agent
      in the selection of antiarrhythmic therapy, but these initial results are
      encouraging.

PMID- 6380254
TI  - Nifedipine-induced fingertip vasodilation in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon.
AB  - The effect of nifedipine on fingertip hemodynamics was studied in 10 patients
      with Raynaud's phenomenon. Fingertip blood flow (FBF) was determined in a 20
      degrees C environment by venous occlusion air plethysmography and fingertip
      vascular resistance (FVR) was calculated from the mean blood pressure and the
      FBF. Nifedipine, administered as a 10 mg sublingual dose, increased FBF in 8 of
      the 10 patients. FVR for the 10 patients decreased 40% from 40.7 +/- 10.8 to 24.2
      +/- 6.1 U (p less than 0.05). Seven of the 10 patients were followed in a
      crossover placebo-controlled clinical trial. The frequency and severity of
      Raynaud's phenomenon was less in all seven patients when taking nifedipine as
      compared to placebo. Nifedipine-induced fingertip vasodilation may contribute to
      clinical improvement in some patients with Raynaud's phenomenon.

PMID- 6380256
TI  - Verapamil-digoxin interaction.

PMID- 6380255
TI  - Pulmonary density distribution in experimental and clinical cardiogenic pulmonary
      edema evaluated by computed transmission tomography.

PMID- 6380257
TI  - Bradycardia and asystole requiring permanent pacemaker in Guillain-Barre
      syndrome.

PMID- 6380258
TI  - Symposium on the management of ventricular dysrhythmias. Concept of reentry
      versus automaticity.
AB  - Arrhythmias can result from abnormal impulse initiation or conduction. Abnormal
      initiation results from either automaticity or triggered activity. Enhanced
      automaticity may be due to a normal automatic mechanism (a normal property of the
      sinus node and specialized conducting fibers) or to an abnormal mechanism such as
      automaticity in depolarized fibers. Triggered activity is caused by
      afterdepolarizations that occur either during repolarization (early
      afterdepolarization) or after repolarization is complete (delayed
      afterdepolarization). Triggered activity due to delayed afterdepolarizations is
      dependent on critical heart rates. Overdrive pacing may distinguish between
      normal and abnormal automaticity. Antiarrhythmic drugs can alter arrhythmias that
      result from abnormal impulse initiation. To suppress an arrhythmia resulting from
      abnormal impulse generation, a drug may (1) suppress the abnormal automatic
      mechanism, i.e., specific effect on ionic current; (2) suppress
      afterdepolarizations; (3) depress conduction in tissue surrounding automatic
      focus; or (4) modify refractory period of tissue in and around automatic focus.
      Abnormal impulse conduction results in reentrant excitation. Conditions necessary
      for reentry include a combination of unidirectional block and slowed conduction.
      A reentrant mechanism can be determined by an anatomically defined circuit or
      solely by the functional properties of the tissue (leading circle mechanism).
      Circus movement reentry around an anatomic obstacle may respond to antiarrhythmic
      drugs differently from reentry caused by a leading circle mechanism. Initiation
      and perpetuation of a reentry mechanism depends on a delicate interplay between
      conduction velocity and duration of the functional refractory period in the
      reentry circuit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6380259
TI  - Rationale of therapy in the patient with acute myocardial infarction and life
      threatening arrhythmias: a focus on bretylium.
AB  - Experimental evidence suggests a number of pathologic and electrophysiologic
      mechanisms that may help initiate ventricular arrhythmias accompanying myocardial
      ischemia and infarction. Early and late phase events are associated with reentry
      or an enhancement of focal mechanisms, or both. These can initiate ventricular
      tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF), or both. The presence of
      distinct mechanisms that may initiate and maintain life-threatening dysrhythmias
      early in myocardial ischemia suggest different pharmacologic approaches for their
      prevention or suppression. Another consideration concerns patients subjected to
      coronary artery angioplasty or thrombolytic therapy and the development of
      arrhythmias associated with reperfusion of the once ischemic myocardium. The
      electrophysiologic mechanisms associated with reperfusion arrhythmias are
      unknown, and little is known about appropriate therapy for each episode of
      cardiac dysrhythmia. Ventricular extrasystoles or VT usually precedes VF. These
      premonitory arrhythmias are poor criteria for the institution of antiarrhythmic
      drug therapy, because VF develops within 1 to 10 minutes after the appearance of
      the rhythmic disturbances. Some authorities suggest that all patients with acute
      myocardial infarction should receive prophylactic antiarrhythmic therapy, because
      warning arrhythmias either do not occur at all or provide insufficient time to
      intervene pharmacologically. Many of the new class I antiarrhythmic agents
      effectively reduce the frequency of premature ventricular depolarizations, but
      lack specific antifibrillatory activity. However, the recent introduction of
      bretylium into clinical cardiology opens a new approach to preventing life
      threatening ventricular dysrhythmias. Along with other members of class III,
      bretylium exerts different cardiac electrophysiologic effects than do the other 3
      classes of drugs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6380260
TI  - The coronary artery surgery study (CASS): do the results apply to your patient?

PMID- 6380261
TI  - Lorcainide for high-frequency ventricular arrhythmia: preliminary results of a
      short-term double-blind and placebo-controlled crossover study and long-term
      follow-up.
AB  - Lorcainide, 100 mg twice daily was compared with placebo in 39 patients with
      frequent ventricular arrhythmias in a randomized double-blind crossover trial. A
      mean frequency of ventricular premature beats (VPBs) of at least 30 VPBs/hour was
      required during a drug-free period of 48 hours. Holter monitoring and a maximal
      symptom-limited exercise test were performed at the end of each of the 2-week
      double-blind treatment phase. The group averaged 350 +/- 361 (standard deviation)
      VPBs/hour. Lorcainide decreased the mean VPB frequency of the group by 46% (p
      less than 0.01), with VPB reduction beyond the expected variation in 22 of 39
      patients. In 13 patients VPBs were unchanged and in 4 they increased. Eight
      additional patients responded during drug titration, for an overall response rate
      of 77% (30 of 39). Lorcainide did not significantly reduce the exercise-related
      VPB frequency. At 6 months 61% of patients had significant VPB suppression. Thus,
      lorcainide was effective in reducing the frequency and grade of spontaneous
      ventricular arrhythmias during short- and long-term evaluation.

PMID- 6380262
TI  - Microvasculature of the avian eye: studies on the eye of the duckling with
      microcorrosion casting, scanning electron microscopy, and stereology.
AB  - The microvasculature of the eye of the duckling was studied with microcorrosion
      casting, scanning electron microscopy, and stereology. Most blood to the eyeball
      first passes through the arterial ophthalmic rete mirabile, a complex of small
      arteries which intermixes with a similar complex of veins (venous ophthalmic rete
      mirabile) at the ventrotemporal angle of the eye. The present study reveals the
      ultrastructural anatomy and the compact, three-dimensional arrangement of vessels
      in this rete, which had been shown by previous investigators to function as a
      countercurrent heat exchanger. Vessels from this rete include the supraorbital
      and infraorbital arteries, which supply the eyeball anteriorly, and the
      ophthalmotemporal artery, which supplies the eyeball posteriorly. The internal
      ophthalmic and ethmoidal arteries, branches of the cerebral carotid artery,
      anastomose with the ophthalmotemporal artery posteriorly. Blood is distributed to
      the eyeball anteriorly by two ring arteries: the iridial ring artery, which
      circumscribes the iris and which receives blood from the long ciliary and
      infraorbital arteries; and the more peripheral, ciliary ring artery, which
      receives blood mostly from the infraorbital and ethmoidal arteries. Within the
      iris is a dense, freely anastomosing bed of capillaries which extends to the edge
      of the pupil and then loops back beneath the ciliary body. The vasculature of the
      ciliary body consists of radially arranged plates of anastomosing capillaries of
      irregular bore which mimic the contours of that organ, but permit changes in
      pupil diameter. The present study demonstrates the three-dimensional anatomy of
      the very dense capillary net of the choriocapillaris deep to the retina and the
      capillary mass of the pecten, and thus supports the finding of earlier
      investigators that nutrients diffusing from these structures nourish the
      avascular retina. The pecten consists of a pleated sheet of freely anastomosing
      capillaries which protrudes into the vitreous body from near the optic nerve. The
      choriocapillaris and the pecten are supplied by branches of the ophthalmotemporal
      artery: the former by numerous short posterior ciliary arteries, the latter by
      two or three arteries which further divide into one or two smaller vessels for
      each of its folds. Veins of the choroid layer at the periphery of the anterior
      surface of the eyeball, and to some extent on its lateral walls, are revealed by
      the corrosion-casting technique as unusual, flattened vessels of large caliber
      which lie in closely spaced parallel arrays. The large surface area thus created
      may function in heat dissipation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6380263
TI  - Multiple personalities, related disorders and hypnosis.

PMID- 6380264
TI  - Modification of weight gain by an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor during refeeding in
      rats.
AB  - In rats, the period of refeeding after a fast is associated with accelerated
      weight gain without a concomitant increase in food intake. In this study the
      alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose, was used to delay carbohydrate absorption
      in normal adult rats, and the effects on body weight, food intake, and intestinal
      enzyme activities were determined. Refeeding with acarbose in the food (500
      mg/kg) reduced the rate of weight gain compared to refeeding without acarbose but
      did not change food intake. Acarbose also lowered midjejunal mass and blunted the
      refeeding-induced rise in certain brush border disaccharidase and intracellular
      glycolytic enzymes. However, acarbose refed rats still had accelerated weight
      gain compared to nonfasted rats, implying that the refeeding response was not
      totally abolished. These studies suggest that inhibition of carbohydrate
      absorption during refeeding might have a role in the maintenance of diet-induced
      weight loss.

PMID- 6380266
TI  - Thymoma: an immunohistochemical study.
AB  - Four thymomas, two from patients with myasthenia gravis, were studied using a
      panel of monoclonal antibodies. Almost all the associated lymphocytes were T
      cells with the common thymic lymphocyte phenotype, suggesting that the neoplastic
      epithelium can provide a microenvironment that retains or perhaps attracts
      immature T-cells. HLA-Dr antigens were expressed by some of the epithelial cells
      and many of the lymphoid cells in the perivascular space. The Leu-7 antigen was
      present on a subset of epithelial cells and had a highly variable expression in
      different thymomas. The percentage of lymphocytes bearing the OKT8-defined
      antigen appeared to be lower in patients with myasthenia gravis, while the
      expression of other markers did not appear to be consistently or significantly
      different. There did not appear to be marked differences in the lymphocyte
      subpopulations of thymomas with different morphology, and there was no evidence
      of differentiation of the thymomas into cortical and medullary areas.

PMID- 6380265
TI  - Azathioprine-associated interstitial pneumonitis.
AB  - Seven renal allograft recipients taking azathioprine (Imuran) for
      immunosuppression developed bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and a falling pO2
      that did not respond to antibiotic therapy. Open lung biopsies revealed changes
      ranging from diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) to usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP)
      culminating in pulmonary fibrosis. There was no evidence of immune deposits,
      eosinophilia, vasculitis, granulomas, or microorganisms by cultures and
      appropriate stains. Following discontinuance of Imuran, the two cases with DAD
      revealed a significant clearing of the lung infiltrates, whereas four of five
      patients with UIP died while suffering from respirator-dependent ARDS. Biopsies
      showing hyaline membranes, intraalveolar edema and cuboidalization of alveolar
      epithelium were associated with total doses from 2,850 to 4,355 mg, whereas
      atypical epithelial hyperplasia, reorganization of distal air spaces, and
      fibrosis were noted in cases receiving from 5,600 to 28,625 mg of azathioprine.
      Ultrastructural changes were indistinguishable from those induced by other drugs
      causing pulmonary toxicity. In three cases atypical epithelial cells were
      detected cytologically in brushing specimens and appeared identical to those
      noted in the lung biopsies. Our findings are consistent with the view that
      azathioprine should be added to the list of agents capable of causing direct,
      dose-dependent pulmonary toxicity. Accordingly, drug-associated diffuse
      interstitial pulmonary disease should enter the differential diagnosis of a lung
      infiltrate that develops in renal transplant patients receiving Imuran.

PMID- 6380267
TI  - Identity of the neoplastic alkaline phosphatase as revealed with monoclonal
      antibodies to the placental form of the enzyme.
AB  - A panel of six monoclonal antibodies and a conventional polyclonal antibody
      raised against human placental alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were used to
      characterize the alkaline phosphatase detected by means of histochemistry on
      tumors of breast, ovary, lung, gastrointestinal tract, and kidney. Complete
      antigenic identity between the tumor ALP and the placental ALP was found only in
      one lung tumor. However, ten tumors reacted with the polyclonal antibody and some
      monoclonal antibodies, thus exhibiting partial identity with the placental ALP.

PMID- 6380268
TI  - Variable cross-reactivity of digoxin metabolites in digoxin immunoassays.
AB  - The authors investigated the cross-reactivity of the major known digoxin
      metabolites--digoxigenin, digoxigenin monodigitoxoside, digoxigenin
      bisdigitoxoside, and dihydrodigoxin--and of digitoxin in three 125I
      radioimmunoassays and one enzyme immunoassay for digoxin. Digitoxin and
      dihydrodigoxin exhibit low cross-reactivity and nonparallel dilution responses
      for these assays. The cross-reactivities of the other three substances are
      significant for all assays studied with digoxigenin and monodigitoxoside having
      nonparallel and enhanced tracer displacement compared with digoxin itself. The
      authors demonstrate that because of nonparallel tracer displacement estimates of
      cross-reactivity calculated by the 50% displacement method fail to adequately
      predict the error induced in digoxin assays by digitoxin. They conclude that
      digoxin metabolites in serum are measured to various extents as the parent
      digoxin compound by all of the immunoassays they studied. In view of the varying
      biologic activity of digoxin metabolites and the large patient to patient
      variations in digoxin metabolism, the cross-reactivities the authors observe may
      help to explain the discrepancies in correlation of clinical response to measured
      serum digoxin values reported in other studies.

PMID- 6380269
TI  - Dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV activity in normal and leukemic T-cell
      subpopulations.
AB  - Dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV (DAP IV) cytochemical reactivity was investigated in
      monoclonal antibody defined T-lymphocyte subpopulations from normal blood and in
      cells from a series of T-cell leukemias of defined immunologic phenotype. A
      combined monoclonal antibody/immunocolloidal gold technic, which enabled
      simultaneous visualisation of immunogold label and DAP IV reactivity, was used to
      study enzyme reactivity in normal T-cell subpopulations. Single or several
      discrete granules of DAP IV reaction product were observed in 72% of OKT3+ and
      OKT4+ cells, whereas a significantly (P less than 0.01) lower percentage of OKT8+
      cells (41%) displayed positivity; B-cells were invariably DAP IV negative. In the
      T-cell leukemias, DAP IV reactivity was strongest in T-lymphoblastic lymphoma and
      T-prolymphocytic leukemia cells. In contrast, DAP IV activity was absent or
      expressed in a minority of cells of the more immature T-acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia. The enzyme reaction also was negative in lymphocytes from other mature
      T-cell leukemias: T-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (OKT8+), adult T-cell lymphoma
      leukemia, and Sezary syndrome (both OKT4+). DAP IV expression did not parallel
      that of acid phosphatase or alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase in leukemic T
      lymphoid cells except in T-lymphoblastic lymphoma and T-prolymphocytic leukemia,
      where a strong reaction with the three hydrolytic enzymes was observed.

PMID- 6380270
TI  - Antimicrobial resistance in Haemophilus isolates: a Minnesota experience and
      literature review.
AB  - Annual ampicillin susceptibility rates for Haemophilus influenzae isolates at the
      St. Paul-Ramsey Medical Center gradually decreased from 100% in 1974 to 83.3% in
      1980 and then remained stable at 88.90%. Penicillin susceptibility rates were
      similar to those for ampicillin. Ampicillin rates were source dependent: eye 95%,
      respiratory 90%, miscellaneous sources 82%, and blood and CSF 80%. Rates for
      Haemophilus parainfluenzae varied and showed no trend. H. parainfluenzae isolates
      were distinctly less susceptible to penicillin (70%) than to ampicillin (96%). H.
      influenzae isolates were highly susceptible to chloramphenicol (99.6%) and
      tetracycline (97.5%), with the latter also showing source dependency.
      Characterization of isolates for colony morphology and hemolysis showed no
      clinical relevancy. Ampicillin and penicillin MICs were determined for 128
      clinical isolates saved in stock culture during 1978-1983. All 19 resistant
      isolates (MIC greater than or equal to 4 micrograms/mL) were resistant to both
      penicillin and ampicillin and produced beta-lactamase. Eight had penicillin MICs
      of 1 or 2 micrograms/mL and three had ampicillin MICs of 1 or 2 micrograms/mL.
      The significance of isolates with MICs of 1-2 micrograms/mL is discussed in
      relation to our findings and a review of the literature.

PMID- 6380271
TI  - Evaluation of enzyme immunoassay for anti-HBc IgM in the diagnosis of acute
      hepatitis B virus infection.
AB  - Corzyme-MTM (Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL), a newly introduced kit for
      the measurement of serum IgM antihepatitis B core antigen by enzyme immunoassay,
      was evaluated for the diagnosis of acute B-viral hepatitis (AVH-B). The study
      included 175 acute viral hepatitis patients with transient hepatitis B surface
      antigen (HBsAg). Sera from 160 were tested on multiple occasions until their
      HBsAg cleared. IgM anti-HBc was found in 171 of 175 patients (98.4%) during the
      acute phase. The serum samples from 42 patients with liver biopsy-proven chronic
      active hepatitis, type B (CAH-B), and 18 patients with persistent hepatitis, type
      B (PH-B), were analyzed for the presence of IgM anti-HBc, using the same technic.
      None of the sera from 42 patients with CAH-B and only 2 of the 18 patients with
      PHB had IgM anti-HBc. Thus, the measuring IgM anti-HBc using Corzyme-M kit is
      helpful in the diagnosis of AVH-B and in the discrimination of acute from chronic
      HBV infections.

PMID- 6380272
TI  - Effects of Monsel's solution in uterine cervix.
AB  - Monsel's solution applied to biopsy sites causes tissue necrosis that can persist
      for two weeks and impede reepithelialization. Granulation tissue in the healing
      phase contains iron pigment residue from the agent. The pigment encrusts upon
      collagen and is present in siderophages for up to three months. Occasionally
      pigment or necrotic residues incite a foreign body giant cell reaction. Awareness
      is recommended in order to avoid confusion. The agent's potential effect upon the
      basic disease is discussed.

PMID- 6380273
TI  - Defining an adequate search of the literature.

PMID- 6380275
TI  - Adverse health effects of ethylene oxide and occupational exposure limits.
AB  - The proposed revision of the US standard for occupational exposure to ethylene
      oxide has recently been topical and controversial. Most of the recent
      experimental and epidemiological evidence of health effects, which provoked
      lowering the permissible exposure limit, appears to be unreliable and
      insufficient for risk assessment.

PMID- 6380274
TI  - Nonenzymatic glycosylation of proteins--a new tool for assessment of cumulative
      hyperglycemia in epidemiologic studies, past and future.
AB  - In conclusion, the discovery of nonenzymatic glycosylation of proteins has opened
      new horizons in all aspects of diabetes management and research. The field is
      young. Advances in the understanding of the role of this phenomenon in the
      pathogenesis of diabetic complications and in the quantitating of its occurrence
      in various bodily proteins, come monthly. The nonenzymatically glycosylated
      protein markers, because they offer increased internal validity and precision,
      afford significant advantages over the classical measures of hyperglycemia. By
      providing improved means of assessing cumulative hyperglycemia, they will
      contribute to a better understanding of the relationship of diabetes to its
      chronic complications. They may also lead to an appreciation that mild
      hyperglycemia plays a substantial causal role in diseases, such as
      cardiovascular, with which diabetes has been traditionally associated. A variety
      of nonenzymatically glycosylated proteins exist, applicable to different
      purposes. Stored sera may well allow their retrospective determination in studies
      conceived of and/or executed without an appreciation of their potential. It
      behooves epidemiologists interested in any aspect of diabetes or in diseases for
      which diabetes is a relevant study factor, to become familiar with the process,
      measurement, and potential value of nonenzymatic glycosylation of proteins.

PMID- 6380276
TI  - Sources of respiratory insult in the poultry processing industry.
AB  - Although the agricultural community has focused a great deal of attention on
      improving the overall health of poultry for production purposes, the health of
      poultry workers has, by comparison, received less direct attention. Recent
      studies suggest that poultry workers who come in direct contact with live birds
      may be at risk of pulmonary dysfunction, including the development of chronic
      respiratory diseases. Exposure of poultry workers to live birds results in
      potential pulmonary insult from a variety of allergenic and immunologic agents,
      as well as nuisance dust particles. In addition, marked levels of gram-negative
      bacterial endotoxins and antibiotic-resistant bacteria contaminate the
      occupational environment. Health care professionals should be aware of the
      potential sources of respiratory insult to workers in poultry processing and
      related industries.

PMID- 6380277
TI  - Methods of reporting hospital financial information.
AB  - Various methods for reporting financial information in a hospital are discussed.
      Both statistical and financial reporting are used in management decision making.
      Financial statements, such as the hospital balance sheet and the statement of
      revenues and expenses, constitute the majority of management information prepared
      within the hospital's finance department. Financial indicators derived from these
      statements are explained. Accounts receivable, budget, and cash reports are also
      discussed. Several types of reports that analyze financial information by
      diagnosis-related groups are described, and the level of detail needed in these
      reports is discussed. Management of hospital financial operations under new
      hospital reimbursement systems will require more specialized types of management
      information and reporting. Through the marriage of medical and financial data,
      hospitals will have the information needed to manage their product--health care-
      in the most cost-effective and efficient manner.

PMID- 6380278
TI  - Review of ibuprofen for osteoarthritis.
AB  - Pain is the predominant reason for seeking treatment in patients with
      osteoarthritis. Management is multifactorial, involving psychological, physical,
      pharmaceutical, and sometimes surgical measures. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
      agents play a valuable role in the overall treatment program. A review of 28
      clinical trials involving ibuprofen for osteoarthritis shows sometimes
      conflicting results in efficacy, often because of inadequacies in study design or
      dosage. In fact, 17 of these 28 studies employed doses of less than 1,600 mg/day.
      Nonetheless, several trends are clear. Ibuprofen at a dose of over 1,200 mg daily
      was superior to placebo and at doses of 1,200 to 1,800 mg/day was as effective or
      more effective than 3,200 to 3,600 mg/day of aspirin or 4,500 mg/day of aspirin
      plus acetaminophen. In trials with a wide variety of other nonsteroidal anti
      inflammatory drugs, ibuprofen was often as effective as the comparison agent.
      Tolerability was consistently excellent with ibuprofen, and adverse reactions
      were few.

PMID- 6380279
TI  - Update on ibuprofen for rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - In doses of 1,200 mg/day or more, ibuprofen is as effective as aspirin and other
      nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the treatment of rheumatoid
      arthritis. The tolerability and safety of ibuprofen are superior to those of
      aspirin and compare favorably with those of other NSAIDs. Although additional
      controlled trials are indicated to determine optimal dose, ibuprofen's excellent
      therapeutic index establishes it as a useful drug in the treatment of rheumatoid
      arthritis.

PMID- 6380280
TI  - Effects of age on the clinical pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen (Motrin) were studied in 17 normal elderly men
      and women aged 65 to 78 years. Total and free unbound plasma concentrations of
      ibuprofen were determined 12 hours after single oral doses of 400, 800, and 1,200
      mg. These results were then compared with those of a similar study involving 15
      normal young men 22 to 35 years old. The two age groups showed no statistically
      significant differences in any pharmacokinetic parameter studied. Therefore,
      according to this study, advanced age has only minimal influence on the
      pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen, and dosage apparently does not need to be adjusted
      for age.

PMID- 6380281
TI  - Combination therapy with ibuprofen and methadone for chronic cancer pain.
AB  - This randomized double-blind crossover study compares the narcotic methadone
      alone with methadone in combination with the peripherally acting,
      antiprostaglandin agent ibuprofen (Motrin, Upjohn) in 28 patients with moderate
      to severe cancer-related pain, who were already using a narcotic for pain relief.
      Results show that the addition of 600 mg of ibuprofen to either 2.5 or 5 mg of
      methadone significantly increased analgesia, without concomitantly increasing
      side effects or euphoria.

PMID- 6380282
TI  - Ibuprofen and dysmenorrhea.
AB  - Primary dysmenorrhea and secondary dysmenorrhea induced by an intrauterine device
      are associated with increased production and release of endometrial
      prostaglandins. The condition may be treated by oral contraceptives, which reduce
      overall menstrual fluid volume, or by a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, such
      as ibuprofen. Unless the patient wishes to use oral contraceptives for birth
      control, ibuprofen (Motrin) is the drug of choice because it need only be given
      for two to three days each cycle, does not suppress the pituitary ovarian axis,
      and does not cause metabolic alterations. Clinical trials have shown ibuprofen to
      be highly efficacious, and more effective than indomethacin, aspirin, or
      propoxyphene, with no or few side effects.

PMID- 6380283
TI  - Changing patterns of hospital infections: implications for therapy. Changing
      concepts and new applications of antibiotic pharmacokinetics.
AB  - Antibiotics with high protein binding have a lower percentage of free drug
      available for tissue penetration than antibiotics with lower protein binding.
      High protein binding, however, may have a beneficial effect on drug distribution.
      The smaller volume of distribution and reduced glomerular filtration of highly
      bound agents result in higher serum levels that are sustained longer. Although
      intermittent and continuous dosing regimens produce similar areas under the
      concentration-versus-time curves for serum and tissue, intermittent dosing
      produces higher peak and potentially earlier effective antibiotic levels at the
      site of infection. The excretion of certain antibiotic agents in the bile may be
      related to hepatic protein binding, high molecular weight, or unique structural
      features. Biliary excretion is important not only for bile concentrations but
      also for dosage modification. Antibiotics with dual elimination by the kidney and
      biliary tract require minimal dosage modification unless there is concomitant
      hepatic and renal dysfunction. The third-generation cephalosporins provide good
      examples of how protein binding, tissue penetration, and excretory mechanisms can
      be used to alter pharmacokinetics advantageously.

PMID- 6380284
TI  - Selected aspects of nosocomial infections in the 1980s.
AB  - Unusual or rare pathogens and syndromes may become significant problems in
      nosocomial infection. Pathogens that usually produce community-onset disease,
      particularly respiratory viruses, Legionella, and atypical mycobacteria, also
      cause nosocomial infection. Conversely, nosocomial pathogens may also produce
      disease in the community, as has been seen with Clostridium difficile.
      Contamination of parenteral and antiseptic solutions continues to be a problem in
      hospitals. Hospital-acquired viral infections are receiving increasing
      recognition. Nosocomial gastrointestinal infections, although of low frequency,
      are of major import because of their epidemic potential. Airborne transmission of
      pathogens is becoming more apparent at the same time that recognition of the
      importance of hand transmission creates hope for infection control. Antibiotics
      influence the type of microorganisms that colonize patients, but the host
      determines superinfection.

PMID- 6380285
TI  - Multicenter clinical trial of cefoperazone sodium in the United States.
AB  - A total of 187 physician investigators throughout the United States participated
      in a multicenter trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a twice daily
      dosage of cefoperazone sodium; 91 percent of patients received a dosage of 4 g or
      less of cefoperazone per day. A total of 455 patients were included in the
      evaluation of efficacy: 100 patients with lower respiratory tract infection; 146
      patients with skin and soft tissue infection; 14 patients with osteomyelitis; 18
      patients with obstetric and gynecologic infections; 84 patients with urinary
      tract infection; and 44 patients with bacteremia. Overall, treatment achieved a
      satisfactory clinical outcome in 95.3 percent of these patients. Side effects of
      cefoperazone were evaluated in 659 patients. Prothrombin time increased during
      therapy in 4 percent of patients, all but one of whom was more than 65 years old.
      Prothrombin time became normal with the administration of vitamin K. Diarrhea (4
      or more loose stools a day) was observed in 3 percent of patients. Other adverse
      reactions including leukopenia, elevation of serum liver enzyme levels, and
      eosinophilia were mild, reversible, and typical of beta-lactam antibiotics. These
      results suggest that (1) twice daily administration of cefoperazone sodium can be
      used to treat a variety of bacterial infections caused by susceptible pathogens;
      (2) the adverse reactions associated with this agent at the dosage schedule
      employed in this trial (2 g twice a day) are predictable and limited; (3)
      multicenter trials of this type allow for rapid collection of data regarding
      safety and efficacy of new antibiotics.

PMID- 6380286
TI  - Staging laparotomy and splenectomy in early Hodgkin's disease. No therapeutic
      benefit.
AB  - In a prospective randomized study of treatment for early-stage Hodgkin's disease
      presenting above the diaphragm, 76 patients had staging by laparotomy (Group I)
      and 28 had staging by closed techniques (Group II). Treatment consisted of
      involved-field radiotherapy alone (44 patients), involved-field radiotherapy
      followed by chemotherapy (38 patients), total nodal radiotherapy alone (15
      patients), or total nodal radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy (seven patients).
      On presentation, both groups had similar clinical features and similar treatment
      distribution. With similar follow-up (87 months), no significant differences in
      remission or survival were observed between Groups I and II: remission 59 versus
      68 percent; survival 74 versus 92 percent; p value 0.27 and 0.09, respectively.
      Multiple areas of relapse were more frequently observed in Group I (11 of 32 had
      relapse) as compared with Group II (none of nine had relapse, p less than 0.082).
      In Group I, relapse in the abdomen was observed as an isolated event or as part
      of disseminated relapse in 12 percent of patients compared with 3 percent (one
      patient) in Group II with abdominal relapse alone. Seven patients in Group I and
      two patients in Group II died with Hodgkin's disease. Six other patients in Group
      I died with complete remission of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (one patient),
      leukoencephalopathy (one patient), sepsis during chemotherapy (two patients),
      myocardial infarction (one patient), and cerebrovascular accident (one patient).
      Three other patients in this group had other secondary malignancies successfully
      controlled (histiocytic lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, and
      malignant schwannoma). No second primary lesions or death with complete remission
      were observed in Group II. Staging laparotomy with splenectomy in early-stage
      Hodgkin's disease did not improve the duration of remission or survival or
      decrease the number of abdominal relapses compared with closed staging.

PMID- 6380287
TI  - Reliability of blood glucose monitoring by patients with diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Nineteen patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were evaluated for
      overall reliability of self-generated data from capillary blood glucose
      monitoring. For a period of 12 to 14 days, standard reflectance meters used by
      these subjects were replaced by meters internally modified with memory chips
      capable of storing all glucose readings by date and time. The subjects were not
      aware of this modification and were instructed to continue to test capillary
      blood glucose as they had been and to continue their practice of recording the
      meter readings in a logbook. To assess reliability of patient-generated data as
      recorded in the logbook, the addition, deletion, and alteration of test results
      were determined. A significantly lower (p less than 0.0001) mean blood glucose
      level was reported in the logbooks than recorded in the memory reflectance
      meters. Differences in logbooks and memory reflectance meters ranged from 0 to
      109 mg/dl. Three fourths of the subjects had reported lower than actual mean
      blood glucose values. Under-reporting, or omission of memory reflectance meter
      readings, averaged 10 percent, whereas over-reporting or addition of phantom
      values averaged 40 percent. An average of 26 percent of the logbook entries were
      not identical to memory reflectance meter values determined at the corresponding
      time. Two thirds of the subjects had reported values in such a manner as to
      obscure hyper- and hypoglycemia, leading to misleading clinical impressions about
      the fluctuation in metabolic control. Previous glycemic control, patterns of
      logbook recording, or visits to the clinic were not found to be predictive of the
      reliability of patient self-monitoring regimens.

PMID- 6380288
TI  - Glomerulonephritis in bacterial endocarditis.
AB  - The introduction of antibiotic therapy and changing epidemiologic patterns have
      altered the nature of glomerulonephritis as it occurs during the course of
      bacterial endocarditis. Observations made predominantly in the pre-antibiotic era
      suggested that infections with less virulent organisms, by virtue of their
      indolent subacute course, favored an antibody response predisposing to immune
      complex glomerulonephritis. Although antibiotic prophylaxis and therapy have
      reduced the incidence of both Streptococcus viridans bacterial endocarditis and
      concomitant glomerulonephritis, Staphylococcus aureus has become a major cause of
      acute bacterial endocarditis with a high incidence of glomerulonephritis.
      Parenteral drug abuse itself, which has emerged as a major factor predisposing to
      endocarditis, may also favor the development of glomerulonephritis. The course of
      glomerulonephritis has been altered in association with these changes in etiology
      and epidemiology. This review summarizes the clinical and morphologic features of
      glomerulonephritis as it currently occurs during the course of bacterial
      endocarditis.

PMID- 6380289
TI  - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a renal transplant recipient.
      Increased diagnostic sensitivity of computed tomographic scanning by double-dose
      contrast with delayed films.
AB  - A progressive, deteriorating neurologic disorder developed in a 28-year-old white
      man 10 years after he successfully received a living related donor kidney
      transplant. An extensive neurologic evaluation was unrevealing, including normal
      results of computed tomographic scanning of the brain with and without contrast
      medium. Repeated computed tomographic scanning after a double dose of
      radiocontrast medium in conjunction with delayed imaging revealed multiple areas
      of abnormal enhancement. This technique helped to direct brain biopsy, which led
      to the early diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and the
      institution of specific therapy.

PMID- 6380290
TI  - Recombinant alpha interferon in retreatment of two patients with pulmonary
      lymphoma. Dramatic responses with resolution of pulmonary complications.
AB  - Two patients with advanced lymphoma involving the lungs that was resistant to
      chemotherapy had an initial excellent response to interferon therapy. After two
      months of stable disease, alpha interferon A therapy was discontinued, with
      relapse of a few months later. Both patients had extensive pulmonary involvement
      with relapse of the lymphoma, and both showed a dramatic response to retreatment
      with alpha interferon A. Unusual interferon-related pulmonary complications were
      observed in one patient, and their management is detailed.

PMID- 6380291
TI  - Anaphylaxis due to chloramphenicol.
AB  - A patient with group B Streptococcal meningitis and a history of penicillin
      allergy sustained an anaphylactic reaction following intravenous chloramphenicol.
      The purity of the infusate was confirmed by reverse-phase high-speed liquid
      chromatography. Anaphylaxis is a rare event following chloramphenicol
      administration, but physicians should be aware of this complication, especially
      in patients with prior exposure to the drug.

PMID- 6380292
TI  - Abnormal chromosomes in histocytic lymphoma.
AB  - Five of six diffuse histocytic lymphoma patients had chromosomal abnormalities.
      Four had abnormal clones; three, a large acrocentric chromosome (LAC); and one,
      an abnormal large submetacentric chromosome (LSC). The LAC was a 14q+ and the
      LSC, a 4q+. Although no cytogenetic abnormality was found in a normal lymph node
      of a patient whose diseased lymph node had an LAC, abnormal chromosomes were seen
      in three patients with normal morphological bone marrow and in two peripheral
      blood specimens with a normal differential count. Since staging is important in
      aiding the clinician to select the type of treatment in this disease, it is
      recommended that cytogenetic studies in all biopsied tissues should be done as
      part of an overall diagnostic procedure in patients suspected of this disease.

PMID- 6380293
TI  - Collagen types and fibronectin in the uterine muscle of normal and hypertensive
      pregnant patients.
AB  - Specimens from the uterine wall were obtained from 16 patients at 31 to 40 weeks
      of pregnancy: 10 underwent surgical procedures for a hypertensive disorder and
      six for abnormality of the birth canal or faulty presentation. Collagen types I,
      III, and V and fibronectin antibodies were used for immunohistologic studies.
      Collagen types I and V were located mainly around single cells, but type III and
      fibronectin were found mainly around cell bundles. Collagenous structures in the
      uterine muscle of patients with hypertensive disorder in pregnancy were torn.
      Abundant fibronectin fluorescence was detected in the lobuli within the disrupted
      tissue. Disruption of the uterine structure correlated with the amount of urinary
      protein excreted.

PMID- 6380294
TI  - A preliminary study of factors influencing perception of menstrual blood loss
      volume.
AB  - Sixty-nine women with a convincing complaint of menorrhagia took part in a double
      blind treatment trial. Menstrual blood loss was measured and the subject's own
      perception was carefully recorded. Only 38% had objective menorrhagia with a
      measured loss greater than 80 ml although 59% would qualify with an upper limit
      of normal of 60 ml. Overall the measured loss in the "heaviest" periods (69.6 +/-
      7.3 ml; mean +/- SEM) were significantly greater than that of the "lightest"
      periods (42.7 +/- 4.7 ml; p less than 0.001), but there were many major errors in
      perception by individuals. Perceived daily blood loss volume on a 4-point rating
      scale gave the following group means and ranges: spotting, 2.5 ml (0.1 to 15.5);
      light, 5.7 ml (0.1 to 63.1); moderate, 16.1 ml (0.5 to 108.6); very heavy, 22.0
      ml (1.4 to 215.8); very wide individual ranges of assessment are illustrated. As
      a whole the group was also able to distinguish between a day-to-day volume
      increase or decrease, but again there were many major errors. Some subjects who
      experienced a reduction in measured blood loss from one day to the next actually
      perceived this as a large increase. Menstrual pain and duration of bleeding were
      not found to influence perception of blood loss volume, whereas younger subjects
      (26 and under) were significantly more likely than older women (37 and over) to
      regard a moderate loss as very heavy. There was no significant correlation
      between the number of pads/tampons used and the measured menstrual loss, and some
      individuals showed extreme variations between blood loss and pad usage. This
      study suggests that the only reliable assessment of menstrual blood loss volume
      and changes in volume in women complaining of menorrhagia is obtained by
      objective measurement of blood loss by a technique such as alkaline hematin
      extraction.

PMID- 6380295
TI  - A review of therapeutic intervention research on gross and fine motor progress in
      young children with cerebral palsy.
AB  - Recently, perhaps due to increased societal demands for accountability, early
      intervention programming for handicapped infants and young children has been
      questioned. Therapeutic intervention provided through occupational and/or
      physical therapy has been increasingly implemented in habilitation settings for
      children diagnosed as having cerebral palsy, although research justifying this
      increase is inconclusive. This review presents a comprehensive evaluation of 18
      studies that evaluated early occupational and/or physical therapy intervention
      for children with cerebral palsy. An analysis of these studies revealed that as
      research paradigms become more rigorous, support for therapeutic intervention
      effectiveness decreases. This finding was explained in light of the currently
      inadequate levels of technology relating to instrumentation and the manipulation
      of the many variables that have been suggested to affect therapeutic intervention
      effectiveness.

PMID- 6380296
TI  - Caries and periodontal reactions associated with long-term use of different types
      of bonded lingual retainers.
AB  - An investigation was carried out (1) to test the tendency of different types of
      bonded retainers to accumulate plaque and calculus and (2) to find out whether
      long-term use of bonded retainers caused any damage to the teeth involved. Two
      test groups of patients--one with 3-3 retainers made of 0.032-inch spiral wire,
      and the other with 3-3 retainers made of 0.032-inch plain wire--and a reference
      group of persons without 3-3 retainers were compared. Also, a test group of
      patients with retainers made of flexible spiral wire (0.0195 inch) bonded
      lingually to each anterior tooth in the maxilla was compared to a reference group
      of patients with retention plates in the maxilla. All the persons selected had
      received routine orthodontic treatment with a multibonded edgewise light wire
      technique and had been out of active treatment for 1 to 8 years. Different
      indices were used to score accumulation of plaque and calculus, prevalence of
      caries, and periodontal reactions. The findings indicated that there was no basis
      on which to claim that retainers made of spiral wire accumulated more plaque and
      calculus than retainers made of plain wire. The presence of a bonded lingual
      retainer and the occasional accumulation of plaque and calculus gingival to the
      retainer wire after long-term use caused no apparent damage to the hard and soft
      tissues adjacent to the wire.

PMID- 6380297
TI  - The design, fabrication, and use of a full-coverage bonded rapid maxillary
      expansion appliance.
AB  - A detailed design and step-by-step construction of a bandless indirectly
      fabricated and bonded rapid maxillary expansion appliance are presented. Four
      case reports demonstrate the use of the appliance in routine correction of
      posterior crossbite; in simultaneous correction of anterior crossbite, especially
      useful in cleft palate treatment; in combination with maxillary protraction; and
      in pre-expansion osteotomy cases. Various modifications of the basic appliance
      make it useful in treating a variety of orthodontic problems. Three of the cases
      reported have tantalum bone markers for enhanced ascertainment of orthopedic
      effect.

PMID- 6380298
TI  - "Viable motheaten," a new allele at the motheaten locus. I. Pathology.
AB  - A new spontaneous autosomal recessive mutation has recently occurred at the
      motheaten (me) locus on Chromosome 6 in strain C57BL/6J mice. Homozygotes for the
      new allele, designated "viable motheaten" (mev), have a mean life span of 61 +/-
      2.4 days, compared with only 22 +/- 1.3 days for C57BL/6J-me/me mice. Like the
      original motheaten mutation, the immediate cause of death in mev/mev mice appears
      to be severe pneumonitis associated with accumulations of macrophages,
      granulocytes, and lymphocytes in the lungs. However, because of its longer life
      span, progression of the disease in mev/mev mice is more amenable to
      investigation. Eosinophilic crystalline material in alveolar macrophages from
      mev/mev mice is associated with extravasation of erythrocytes into alveoli. These
      crystals are morphologically indistinguishable from hematoidin, which results
      from hemoglobin breakdown following uptake of erythrocytes by macrophages. Severe
      macrocytic hypochromic anemia with abnormalities in size and shape of
      erythrocytes develops by 7 weeks. A two-fold increase in peripheral leukocyte
      count and a five-fold increase in the percentage of neutrophils is seen by 10
      weeks. Viable motheaten mice develop focal granulocytic skin lesions by 4 days of
      age, show depletion of cells from the thymus cortex by 4 weeks, and lack lymphoid
      follicles in the lymph nodes, spleen, and Peyer's patches. Excessive
      erythropoiesis and myelopoiesis in the spleen result in marked splenomegaly.
      Lymph nodes and spleens from mev/mev mice contain increased numbers of plasma
      cells by 3 weeks; and by 6 weeks, large numbers of atypical plasma cells with
      Russell bodies are evident. Development of glomerulonephritis by 10 weeks is
      characterized by granular depositis of immunoglobulin and complement within
      glomeruli. A twofold increase of blood urea nitrogen levels is present by 15
      weeks. Sterility of male mev/mev mice is associated with Leydig cell depletion in
      the testes, lowered testosterone levels, and impaired spermatogenesis.

PMID- 6380299
TI  - Lectin receptors as markers of lymphoid cells. I. Demonstration in tissue section
      by peroxidase technique.
AB  - The distribution of lectin binding receptors in human lymphoid tissue (lymph node
      and tonsil) was studied in an effort to identify lectins with potential
      application as cell markers. Using a simple peroxidase technique applicable to
      formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue, the binding properties of five lectins
      were investigated: concanavalin A (Con A), Arachis hypogaea (peanut agglutinin),
      Lotus tetragonolobus (asparagus pea), Glycine max (soybean agglutinin) and
      Bandeiraea simplicifolia. Three of the lectins were found to demonstrate
      selective binding in tissue section: Lotus tetragonolobus to transformed
      follicular center lymphocytes; Arachis hypogaea to transformed follicular center
      lymphocytes; and Con A to macrophage histiocytes. These lectins are potentially
      useful markers for the investigation and classification of lymphoproliferative
      disease.

PMID- 6380300
TI  - Caffeine: implications of recent research for clinical practice.
AB  - Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant that has come under increasing
      scrutiny due to its effects on the health and mental health of those who consume
      it. This article summarizes the physiological effects of caffeine, reviews recent
      research on behavioral and mood changes associated with consumption, and
      discusses clinical implications for the mental health professional. Data on
      caffeine consumption and principal sources of caffeine are outlined.

PMID- 6380301
TI  - Relationship of hypercalciuria to diet and bladder stone formation in spinal cord
      injury patients.
AB  - We have investigated the effectiveness of a low calcium diet, low sodium diet,
      and hydrochlorthiazide to reduce urinary calcium excretion in ten spinal cord
      injured patients during the early phase of their rehabilitation. Five patients
      were given the regular hospital diet and low calcium diet (300 mg calcium/day
      diet) on a randomized cross-over design. The other five patients were given four
      treatment modalities: a. regular diet, b. low calcium diet, c. low sodium diet (2
      gm sodium/day diet), d. low calcium diet plus hydrochlorthiazide 25 mg twice a
      day according to a cross-over randomized block design. Each treatment regimen
      lasted two weeks and 24-hour urinary calcium concentrations were determined
      weekly. The result indicated that low calcium diet, low sodium diet or low
      calcium diet plus hydrochlorthiazide reduced hypercalciuria significantly (P less
      than 0.01). Low calcium diet combined with hydrochlorthiazide was the most
      effective treatment for hypercalciuria. In retrospective studies, we found that
      recently injured patients developed hypercalciuria, however, there was no
      significant difference in the incidence of bladder stone formation in patients
      with hypercalciuria compared with those with normal urinary calcium excretion.

PMID- 6380302
TI  - Quantitative differences in dental microwear between primate species with
      different diets and a comment on the presumed diet of Sivapithecus.
AB  - Studies of dental microwear have been used to relate tooth form to function in a
      variety of recent and extinct mammals. Probably the most important aspect of
      microwear analysis is the possibility of using it to deduce the diet of extinct
      animals. Such deductions must be based on comparative studies of modern species
      with known diets, but to date, only qualitative studies have been attempted and
      all have been based on small samples. Here we report quantitative differences in
      dental microwear between primate species that are known to have different diets.
      Occlusal facets with different functions have previously been shown to exhibit
      different microwear patterns. However, the differences between facets of one
      species are shown to be far less than those between homologous facets of
      different species. Study of seven species of extant primates shows that enamel
      microwear can be used to distinguish between those with a mainly frugivorous diet
      and those with a mainly folivorous one. Microwear can also distinguish hard
      object feeders from soft-fruit eaters. The microwear of Miocene Sivapithecus
      indicus cannot be distinguished statistically from that of the chimpanzee, but it
      is different from that of the other species. On this evidence S. indicus was not
      a hard-object feeder and the adaptive significance of its thick molar enamel is
      at present unknown.

PMID- 6380303
TI  - Effect of epinephrine on glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in conscious
      overnight-fasted dogs.
AB  - The aim of this study was to assess the importance of epinephrine as a
      gluconeogenic hormone in the conscious 18-h-fasted dog. Glucose production
      ([3H]glucose turnover) and gluconeogenesis [( 14C]alanine conversion to
      [14C]glucose; and transhepatic gluconeogenic substrate balances) were assessed
      during epinephrine infusion (0.04 microgram X kg-1 X min-1). Insulin and glucagon
      were fixed at basal levels (13 +/- 1 microU/ml and 138 +/- 16 pg/ml,
      respectively) using a pancreatic clamp [somatostatin (0.8 microgram X kg-1 X min
      1) plus intraportal insulin (233 microU X kg-1 X min-1) and glucagon (0.65 ng X
      kg-1 X min-1)]. Plasma epinephrine levels increased to 424 +/- 48 pg/ml. Glucose
      production increased rapidly (15 min) from 2.7 +/- 0.3 to 3.7 +/- 0.4 mg X kg-1 X
      min-1 (P less than 0.01) but then returned to base line (2 h). The plasma glucose
      level rose progressively from 115 +/- 16 to 160 +/- 16 mg/dl (P less than 0.01)
      at 3 h, whereas glucose clearance fell by 28% (P less than 0.05). Plasma alanine
      rose from 340 +/- 20 to 497 +/- 50 microM, and blood lactate increased from 640
      +/- 135 to 1,910 +/- 241 microM. Net hepatic alanine and lactate uptake increased
      to maxima of 4.0 +/- 0.3 and 9.3 +/- 2.0 mumol X kg-1 X min-1, respectively. The
      conversion of alanine to glucose increased by a maximum of 163 +/- 56% (vs. 49 +/
      16% in controls not given epinephrine), whereas the efficiency with which the
      liver converted alanine to glucose rose by 84 +/- 27% (vs. 82 +/- 12% in controls
      not given epinephrine).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6380304
TI  - Effect of epinephrine on glucose metabolism in humans: contribution of the liver.
AB  - Epinephrine causes a prompt increase in blood glucose concentration in the
      postabsorptive state. This effect is mediated by a transient increase in hepatic
      glucose production and an inhibition of glucose disposal by insulin-dependent
      tissues. Epinephrine augments hepatic glucose production by stimulating
      glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Although its effect on glycogenolysis rapidly
      wanes, hyperglycemia continues because the effects of epinephrine on
      gluconeogenesis and glucose disposal persist. Epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia
      is markedly accentuated by concomitant elevations of glucagon and cortisol or in
      patients with diabetes. In both cases, the effect of epinephrine on hepatic
      glucose production is converted from a transient to a sustained response, thereby
      accounting for the exaggerated hyperglycemia. During glucose feeding, mild
      elevations of epinephrine that have little effect on fasting glucose levels cause
      marked glucose intolerance. This exquisite sensitivity to the diabetogenic
      effects of epinephrine is accounted for by its capacity to interfere with each of
      the components of the glucoregulatory response, i.e., stimulation of splanchnic
      and peripheral glucose uptake and suppression of hepatic glucose production. Our
      findings suggest that epinephrine is an important contributor to stress-induced
      hyperglycemia and the susceptibility of diabetics to the adverse metabolic
      effects of stress.

PMID- 6380305
TI  - Effects of epinephrine infusion on leucine and alanine kinetics in humans.
AB  - Infusion of epinephrine in humans increases glucose production and decreases
      plasma concentrations of some essential amino acids such as leucine, while not
      affecting the plasma concentration of the potential gluconeogenic amino acid
      alanine. To determine whether epinephrine alters alanine and leucine metabolism,
      rates of appearance (Ra) and disappearance (Rd) of glucose, alanine, and leucine
      were determined in postabsorptive volunteers using [3H]glucose, [2H3]alanine,
      [15N]leucine, and [2H3]leucine during a 180-min infusion of epinephrine (50 ng X
      kg-1 X min-1). Plasma glucose (90 +/- 1 to 142 +/- 5 mg/dl) and insulin (10 +/- 1
      to 16 +/- 2 micrograms/ml) increased (P less than 0.05), whereas plasma alanine
      concentrations did not change and plasma leucine concentrations increased (127 +/
      5 to 72 +/- 3 microM). Glucose Ra increased transiently and returned to basal
      values by 120 min. In contrast, alanine Ra and Rd increased identically and
      progressively from 5.7 +/- 0.5 to 14.5 +/- 1.9 mumol X kg-1 X min-1 by 180 min.
      Although leucine nitrogen Ra increased transiently and returned to basal values,
      leucine carbon Ra and Rd decreased (P less than 0.05) during the infusion of
      epinephrine. The calculated rate and percent of leucine nitrogen going to alanine
      increased, whereas the percent of alanine nitrogen derived from leucine remained
      constant. The increase in alanine Ra was entirely attributable to increased de
      novo synthesis because proteolysis, as estimated by leucine carbon flux,
      decreased.

PMID- 6380306
TI  - Sympathoadrenal system and regulation of thermogenesis.
AB  - The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) plays a critical role in the regulation of
      mammalian thermogenic responses to cold exposure and dietary intake.
      Catecholamine-stimulated thermogenesis is mediated by the beta-adrenergic
      receptor. In the rat brown adipose tissue is the major site of metabolic heat
      production in response to both cold (nonshivering thermogenesis) and diet (diet
      induced thermogenesis). Measurements of norepinephrine turnover rate in
      interscapular brown adipose tissue of the rat demonstrate increased sympathetic
      activity in response to both cold exposure and overfeeding. In adult humans, a
      physiologically significant role for brown adipose tissue has not been
      established but cannot be excluded. It appears likely that dietary changes in SNS
      activity are related, at least in part, to the changes in metabolic rate that
      occur in association with changes in dietary intake.

PMID- 6380307
TI  - Glucose counterregulation during prolonged hypoglycemia in normal humans.
AB  - To study glucose counterregulation under conditions approximating those of
      clinical disorders in which hypoglycemia develops gradually and is reversed over
      a prolonged period, we injected regular insulin subcutaneously, in a dose (0.15
      U/kg) selected to produce two- to threefold increases in plasma insulin, in 11
      normal human volunteers and measured plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and
      counterregulatory hormone concentrations as well as rates of glucose production,
      glucose utilization, and insulin secretion over 12 h. The data suggest that the
      mechanisms of gradual recovery from prolonged hypoglycemia may differ from those
      of rapid recovery from short-term hypoglycemia produced by intravenous injection
      of insulin in that 1) both stimulation of glucose production and limitation of
      glucose utilization contribute to recovery from prolonged hypoglycemia; 2)
      increases in glucagon, epinephrine, growth hormone, and cortisol secretion as
      well as a decrease in insulin secretion may all participate in glucose
      counterregulation during prolonged hypoglycemia; 3) epinephrine may play a more
      important role than glucagon during prolonged hypoglycemia. The latter two
      conclusions are based primarily on the temporal relationships between changes in
      the rates of glucose turnover and changes in plasma hormone concentrations and
      should not be considered proved. However, they provide the basis for testable
      hypotheses concerning the physiology of gradual recovery from prolonged
      hypoglycemia that can be expected to be relevant to the pathophysiology of
      clinical hypoglycemia.

PMID- 6380308
TI  - Defective glucose counterregulation limits intensive therapy of diabetes
      mellitus.
AB  - Defective recovery from insulin-induced hypoglycemia, due to combined
      deficiencies of glucagon and epinephrine secretory responses to plasma glucose
      decrements, occurs in some patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
      (IDDM). Patients with IDDM determined to have inadequate glucose
      counterregulation during an insulin infusion test (40 mU X kg-1 X h-1) with
      bedside plasma glucose monitoring and clinical observation have been found to
      have a 25-fold greater risk of severe hypoglycemia during subsequent intensive
      therapy than patients with adequate glucose counterregulation. Thus, the efficacy
      of the glucose counterregulatory systems determines the limits of intensive
      therapy of IDDM.

PMID- 6380309
TI  - Intrahepatic glucose: a requirement for neonatal ODC induction by specific
      hormones.
AB  - We have shown previously that short-term nutritional deprivation causes a tissue
      specific loss of liver ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) induction after
      isoproterenol, phenylephrine, or glucagon administration in rat pups. To examine
      the role of nutrition in the regulation of hepatic ODC, we tested the ability of
      intragastric nutrient administration to reverse nutritionally related deficits in
      the ODC response to hormonal challenge. Intragastric whole milk was effective in
      restoring ODC induction and accumulation of its immediate product, putrescine, in
      response to isoproterenol administration. Glucose was shown to mediate this
      effect by the ability of intragastric skimmed milk, lactose, galactose, or D
      glucose to return ODC induction, and the inability of casein, sucrose, fructose,
      L-glucose, or pyruvate plus lactate to do so. D-Glucose also reestablished ODC
      induction by phenylephrine and glucagon. Parenteral administration of D-glucose
      produced results comparable to those obtained after intragastric administration.
      Isoproterenol induction of ODC was prevented when hepatic glucose uptake was
      blocked by phlorizin but not by blockade of central nervous system glucose uptake
      with 2-deoxyglucose. We conclude that intrahepatic glucose is an absolute
      requirement for hepatic ODC induction by isoproterenol, phenylephrine, or
      glucagon in preweanling rats.

PMID- 6380310
TI  - Regulation of pancreatic acinar cell insulin receptors by insulin.
AB  - In vivo pancreatic acini from normal mice are exposed to very high concentrations
      of insulin. To determine whether insulin receptors in these acini are
      downregulated by this endogenous insulin, insulin receptors on acini from both
      normal and diabetic mice were studied. Isolated acini from normal mice, which
      have accompanying islets of Langerhans, were studied under conditions where
      endogenous insulin was minimized. These acini bound 50% less 125I-insulin than
      acini from mice made diabetic with streptozotocin. Computer analysis of
      competition-inhibition curves showed a decrease in the number of insulin
      receptors in acini from normal mice when compared with acini from diabetic mice;
      however, the IC50 (a measure of receptor affinity) remained unchanged at
      approximately 1 nM. To study further the regulation of acinar cell insulin
      receptors, acini from diabetic mice were placed in suspension culture for 24 h.
      Addition of 1 microM insulin during the culture period led to a 30% decrease in
      subsequent 125I-insulin binding; the presence or absence of either epidermal
      growth factor or carbachol was without effect on insulin binding. The decrease in
      binding induced by insulin resulted from a change in receptor number without an
      alteration of the IC50. Measurement of total acinar cell insulin receptors by
      solubilization of these acini in 1% Triton X-100 showed that this insulin-induced
      decrease was due to a change in the total number of cellular insulin receptors.
      The present study suggests, therefore, that insulin can regulate its own receptor
      on pancreatic acini and that in vivo insulin receptors in normal pancreatic cells
      are downregulated, presumably due to high ambient insulin concentrations.

PMID- 6380311
TI  - Renal autoregulation in chronically catheterized conscious rats.
AB  - We examined renal hemodynamics and arterial plasma renin activity (PRA)
      concurrently in trained chronically catheterized conscious rats during decreased
      and elevated renal arterial pressure (RAP). Control RAP had an absolute value of
      112 +/- 2 mmHg (mean +/- SE). During inflation of a suprarenal aortic cuff,
      glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) were
      autoregulated down to 82% of control RAP. Within this range GFR averaged 107 +/-
      5% and ERPF 114 +/- 10% of the control value. During inflation of the infrarenal
      aortic cuff, RAP increased by 24 +/- 2% to an absolute level of 139 +/- 5 mmHg;
      this elevation was associated with autoregulation of both GFR (100 +/- 5% of
      control) and ERPF (94 +/- 6% of control). Arterial PRA had an absolute value
      during control conditions of 2.1 +/- 0.2 ng ANG I X ml-1 X h-1. It was not
      significantly altered within the autoregulatory range, being 104 +/- 10% of
      control during lowered RAP and 120 +/- 15% of control during elevated RAP. Nor,
      in separate experiments, was PRA changed significantly during the transient
      state, i.e., at 5, 10, or 30 min after RAP was lowered to an autoregulatory
      level. These studies demonstrate that, in the conscious rat, there is
      considerable autoregulatory capacity both below and above resting arterial
      pressure, and that GFR and ERPF are autoregulated concomitantly. Arterial PRA was
      not altered significantly within the autoregulatory range.

PMID- 6380312
TI  - Mechanisms of central prostaglandin E2 hypertension in conscious dogs, sheep, and
      calves.
AB  - Intracarotid prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) infusions (10 ng X kg-1 X min-1) increased
      arterial pressure in conscious dogs, sheep, and calves. Total and regional
      peripheral resistances (renal, superior mesenteric, and iliac) increased in
      conscious calves. Arterial pH and CO2 tension did not change, implying no
      activation of the chemoreflex. The arterial baro-reflex was reset upward during
      intracarotid PGE2 infusion; arterial pressure increased with little heart rate
      change, but baroreflex sensitivity was unchanged. In contrast, equipotent
      intracarotid angiotensin II infusions (10 ng X kg-1 X min-1) both reset the
      baroreflex upward and decreased baroreflex sensitivity. Pretreatment with alpha-,
      but not beta-, adrenoceptor blocking agents attenuated the intracarotid PGE2
      pressor effect. Increasing PGE2 infusions (10-200 ng X kg-1 X min-1) caused dose
      related arterial pressure increases; plasma renin activity was increased only at
      the largest infusion rate. Pretreatment with captopril, an inhibitor of the
      angiotensin-converting enzyme, attenuated the PGE2 pressor effect. During
      barbiturate-halothane and chlorolose-urethan anesthesia, no pressor effect was
      observed during intracarotid PGE2. We conclude that intracarotid PGE2 acts
      centrally to augment sympathetic vasomotor outflow. The central action of PGE2 is
      not affected by activation of the arterial chemoreflex or alteration of
      baroreflex sensitivity and has a small renin-angiotensin component.

PMID- 6380313
TI  - Hemodynamic response to volume depletion in acutely uremic dogs.
AB  - Hemodynamic response to volume depletion by isolated ultrafiltration was compared
      in uremic (U) and nonuremic (N) conscious dogs. Fluid was removed at a constant
      rate until mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased to less than 80 mmHg. Initial
      MAP was higher in the uremic dogs [132 +/- 8.6 (SD) mmHg] than in nonuremic
      controls (106 +/- 12, P less than 0.001). Initial cardiac index [U 4.97 +/- 0.831
      X min-1 X m-2, N 4.44 +/- 0.62] and total peripheral vascular resistance index
      [(TPRI) U 2,160 +/- 353 dyn X s X cm-5 X m-2, N 1,976 +/- 420] were slightly, but
      not significantly, higher in uremic animals. Initial central venous pressure,
      wedge pressure, and plasma norepinephrine level were greater in the uremic dogs.
      At the end point of volume depletion, both uremic and nonuremic animals had
      achieved similar levels of TPRI, despite greatly attenuated or absent increases
      in plasma renin activity in the uremic group. At end point, blood volumes and
      plasma norepinephrine levels were comparable. The increase in pulse rate was
      higher in the uremic animals (59 +/- 37 pulses/min) compared with controls (25 +/
      52, P less than 0.05). In an additional group of uremic dogs, cardiovascular
      responses to hemorrhage and isolated ultrafiltration were compared and found to
      be similar, after allowance for blood viscosity changes had been made. The data
      suggest that in acutely uremic conscious dogs, despite reduced renin-angiotensin
      responses, hemodynamic adaptation to rapid volume depletion is not impaired.

PMID- 6380314
TI  - Thermal dependence of muscle function.
AB  - Maximal isometric forces during both twitch and tetanus are largely temperature
      independent in muscles from both endothermic and ectothermic vertebrates. Anuran
      muscle can develop maximal force at lower temperatures than mammalian muscle.
      Tetanic tension is maximal at normally experienced body temperatures in a variety
      of animals, but twitch tension seldom is. Thermal dependence of twitch tension
      varies with muscle fiber type: tension decreases with increasing temperature in
      fast-twitch muscles and remains constant in slow-twitch muscles. In contrast to
      the low temperature dependence of force generation, rates of development of
      tension (time to peak twitch tension and tetanic rise time) and maximal velocity
      of shortening and power output are markedly temperature dependent, with average
      temperature coefficient (Q10) values of 2.0-2.5 Q10 values for rate processes of
      anuran muscle are only slightly lower than those of mammalian muscle. High body
      temperatures permit rapid rates of muscle contraction; animals active at low body
      temperatures do not achieve the maximal rate performance their muscles are
      capable of delivering. Thermal acclimation or hibernation does not appear to
      result in compensatory adjustments in either force generation or rate processes.
      In vivo, dynamic processes dependent on contractile rates are positively
      temperature dependent, although with markedly lower Q10 values than those of
      isolated muscle. Static force application in vivo is nearly temperature
      independent.

PMID- 6380315
TI  - Regeneration may mediate the sparing of VMH obesity observed with prior vagotomy.
AB  - The extent to which the vagus nerve is involved in mediating the development of
      obesity in animals with lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) was
      determined. Female rats were given either VMH lesions or sham lesions 100 days
      after they had received vagotomy with pyloroplasty, sham vagotomy with
      pyloroplasty, or sham vagotomy with sham pyloroplasty. For the first 7 postlesion
      wk, the animals were fed a wet mash diet, then they were maintained on a high-fat
      diet for 10 wk, and finally they were fed a highly palatable supermarket diet for
      4 wk. VMH-lesioned animals with prior vagotomy and pyloroplasty displayed 65% of
      the obesity observed in lesioned animals with prior sham vagotomy. This
      expression was increased to 72% of the full VMH obesity during the supermarket
      diet phase. Assessment of vagotomy suggested that vagal regeneration and, in some
      cases, recovery of vagally stimulated insulin secretion had occurred. This
      reorganization may have contributed to the residual obesity expressed in VMH
      lesioned animals with prior vagotomy.

PMID- 6380316
TI  - Sodium appetite during captopril blockade of endogenous angiotensin II formation.
AB  - Angiotensin II and aldosterone increase in response to sodium deficiency to
      promote sodium and water conservation. In addition, they may act synergistically
      to arouse a sodium appetite. If so, then blockade of endogenous angiotensin
      should decrease the appetite. In experiments reported here, captopril (SQ 14,225)
      was given peripherally to rats to block conversion of angiotensin I to
      angiotensin II. It both enhanced and suppressed sodium depletion-induced sodium
      appetite. The appetite was suppressed when captopril was given in high doses,
      which block conversion centrally as well as peripherally. The same doses of
      captopril had no effect on urinary sodium excretion or on sodium appetite aroused
      by mineralocorticoid treatment. Low doses, which block conversion only in the
      periphery, enhanced salt intake elicited by depletion, and the enhancement was
      abolished by captopril given directly into the brain. Therefore the enhancement
      was probably due to a captopril-induced increase of peripheral angiotensin I,
      which gained access to the brain and was converted there to angiotensin II.

PMID- 6380317
TI  - Suppression of food intake by intravenous nutrients and insulin in the baboon.
AB  - Intravenous nutrients were infused at 25 and 50% of total base-line daily caloric
      intake to determine the role of circulating factors on spontaneous food ingestion
      in young adult male baboons (Papio cynocephalus). Glucose infusion suppressed
      food intake (15.1%) when 25% of total calories was infused (P less than 0.05) and
      41.8% when 50% of total calories was infused (P less than 0.05) for 14-21 days.
      Both infusions produced basal hyperglycemia (82-172 mg/dl during 25% glucose and
      120-239 mg/dl during 50% glucose). Both infusions also caused an increase in
      circulating insulin (48.1-63.1 microU/ml during 25% glucose and 68.5-77.2
      microU/ml during 50% glucose). The simultaneous infusion of exogenous insulin
      (0.33 mU X kg-1 X min-1) prevented hyperglycemia (85.8-87.9 mg/dl during 25%
      glucose) but maintained raised basal peripheral insulin levels (52.4-84.4
      microU/ml). The 13% suppression of food intake (P less than 0.05) was similar to
      glucose infusion alone. Comparable infusions of Intralipid as 25 and 50% of total
      daily calories also suppressed spontaneous food intake but did not produce
      hyperglycemia or elevated insulin levels. The magnitude of suppression was
      similar to that of glucose: 16% when 25% of basal calories was infused (P less
      than 0.05) and 31.3% when 50% of basal calories was infused (P less than 0.05).
      However, the pattern was different with a more rapid effect, which tended to
      diminish in time, rather than the slow effect found with glucose, which was
      maintained for 14 days. We conclude that circulating nutrients can regulate food
      intake independent of gastrointestinal absorption in primates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6380318
TI  - George Tarjan, M.D. one hundred twelfth president, 1983-1984.

PMID- 6380319
TI  - Urinary phenethylamine response to d-amphetamine in 12 boys with attention
      deficit disorder.
AB  - Urinary phenethylamine (PEA), an endogenous amine similar to amphetamine in both
      molecular structure and pharmacological properties, was studied in 12 boys with
      attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. d-Amphetamine and placebo were
      given for 14 days each in a counterbalanced crossover design; double-blind
      teacher behavior ratings and motor activity measurements were also obtained.
      Excretion of PEA, phenylacetic acid, creatinine, and d-amphetamine were measured.
      PEA was significantly increased and phenylacetic acid was unchanged after d
      amphetamine administration, and change in PEA excretion correlated significantly
      with d-amphetamine excretion. There was no significant relationship between
      either clinical response to drug and change in PEA or phenylacetic acid
      excretion.

PMID- 6380320
TI  - Clinical research: a key to clinical training.
AB  - Rational clinical decision making is at the core of any medical field, including
      psychiatry. Although clinical decision making should be based on reasoning
      logically from sufficient hard data, the process is often short-circuited;
      hypotheses are considered fact or causality is inferred where only association
      exists. This report describes how clinical research protocols provide a structure
      that helps train clinicians to reduce these errors. A good research design forces
      articulation and evaluation of hypotheses and prevents premature assumption of
      causality. The authors present case examples which show that clinical research
      can serve as in-service training for staff clinicians.

PMID- 6380321
TI  - Differentiating anorectic and nonanorectic patients with eating disorders.

PMID- 6380322
TI  - Italian occupational health: concepts, conflicts, implications.
AB  - This paper examines Italy's worker-based model for occupational health,
      especially its key concepts and its relation to social conflict. It briefly
      reviews the history of three approaches to occupational health in Italy:
      university-based, industry-based, and government-based. It then analyzes the
      worker-based approach, which emerged in the late 1960s and early 1970s as worker
      groups and trade unions mobilized around new concepts of occupational health.
      Five key concepts are discussed: the workers' homogeneous group; workers'
      subjectivity; the use of contract language; the development of local occupational
      health institutions; and the use of occupational hazard risk maps. The analysis
      illustrates how the social processes of mobilization and institutionalization
      affected the ideas and structures of Italian occupational health. Worker
      mobilization in Italy produced ideological changes in the nation's occupational
      health system, institutional changes in universities and governments, and
      legislative changes at national and local levels. The institutionalization of
      reforms, however, created new conflicts and problems and tended to restrict
      worker participation and promote expert intervention. The paper concludes with a
      brief outline of the history of occupational health approaches in the United
      States and then discusses the implications of the five Italian concepts for US
      occupational health policy.

PMID- 6380323
TI  - Consensus methods: characteristics and guidelines for use.
AB  - Consensus methods are being used increasingly to solve problems in medicine and
      health. Their main purpose is to define levels of agreement on controversial
      subjects. Advocates suggest that, when properly employed, consensus strategies
      can create structured environments in which experts are given the best available
      information, allowing their solutions to problems to be more justifiable and
      credible than otherwise. This paper surveys the characteristics of several major
      methods (Delphi, Nominal Group, and models developed by the National Institutes
      of Health and Glaser) and provides guidelines for those who want to use the
      techniques. Among the concerns these guidelines address are selecting problems,
      choosing members for consensus panels, specifying acceptable levels of agreement,
      properly using empirical data, obtaining professional and political support, and
      disseminating results.

PMID- 6380324
TI  - Synthetic patch aortoplasty. A simplified approach for coarctation in repairs
      during early infancy and thereafter.
AB  - Synthetic patch aortoplasty is an expedient, safe technique for coarctation
      repairs during early infancy and thereafter for reoperation since it affords both
      an immediate hemodynamic result and potential for late growth while avoiding
      sacrifice of a major arch vessel. The surgical advantages include minimization of
      the total cross-clamp time (10 minutes in infants and 12 minutes in older
      patients) and elimination of the need to sacrifice collateral vessels and the
      need for extensive dissection for proximal and distal control. Hence, this
      technique has minimized the associated severe complications of coarctation
      repair, even in emergency cases. In our study, there were no operative deaths,
      spinal cord injuries or recoarctation, and intraoperative cardiac arrest occurred
      in only 3 percent of the patients.

PMID- 6380326
TI  - [Regulation of the ovulation with synthetic analogs of luliberin in animal
      experiments].

PMID- 6380327
TI  - A quarter-century of the Japanese Society of Child Neurology.
AB  - The 25th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Child Neurology held from July
      7 until 9, 1983 marked the approach of a quarter of a century in the history of
      the Society. The Society was founded in July, 1961 and has now existed for a full
      22 years with a total of 25 annual meetings held. The membership has grown to
      more than 10 times its original number and now forms the biggest society of its
      kind in the world. Apart from the annual general assembly, the Society's main
      activities include the publication of two official journals--"No To Hattatsu" and
      "Brain & Development" both bimonthly--the sponsorship of postgraduate seminars on
      child neurology every year and the organization of International Symposia on
      Developmental Disabilities on a biennial bases. This is a synopsis of the quarter
      century history of our Society, with a tincture of a rather subjective, personal
      account, presenting the reasons that led to the foundation of the Society, the
      social background of the time, and the circumstances that surrounded the
      Society's foundation.

PMID- 6380325
TI  - The meaning of ileus. Its changing definition over three millennia.
AB  - Ileus comes from the Greek word for twisted. The early classical literature
      suggests that this term was used for what we now call sigmoid volvulus. The
      Romans translated this word as volvulus. During later classical times,
      investigators used ileus and volvulus in describing conditions other than sigmoid
      volvulus. Roman investigators used ileus to describe midgut volvulus,
      intussusception, and incarcerated hernias because the symptoms of these
      conditions were similar. During the Renaissance, ileus, volvulus, and
      intussusception were synonymous and were closely linked to the volgar terms iliac
      passion and Miserere Mei. The sine qua non of ileus was the clinical triad of
      abdominal pain, obstipation, and fecal vomiting. Autopsies in the 16th, 17th, and
      18th centuries exposed the various causes of these symptoms. Ileus became the
      clinical diagnosis whereas such terms as intussusception were used to describe
      autopsy findings. Physicians classified diseases by symptoms not by cause. During
      the 19th century, emphasis switched to the pathologic basis of disease. The
      classification of intestinal obstruction became one of cause. Ileus was abandoned
      because its classical definition did not encompass all forms of intestinal
      obstruction. In the last 50 years, ileus has been relegated to mean nonmechanical
      obstruction that does not initially require operative treatment. Thus, ileus
      which was the twisted intestine of Ascelpiades, the Miserere Mei of Pare and the
      iliac passion of Barrough, has come in the 20th century to mean nonmechanical
      intestinal obstruction.

PMID- 6380328
TI  - Defective function of the peripheral blood neutrophils in thalassemia major.

PMID- 6380329
TI  - "Economic survival for the 80's--are we an endangered species?" MD's and
      hospitals: conflict or partnership?

PMID- 6380331
TI  - A clinical comparison of aerosol and powder administration of beclomethasone
      dipropionate in childhood asthma.
AB  - Forty children with childhood asthma were conducted through a double-blind cross
      over study to compare the effect of 400 micrograms beclomethasone dipropionate
      administered as aerosol and powder (Rotacaps). Children with severe asthma
      derived more benefit from the steroid administered as aerosol judged from their
      peak flow performance in the morning, although neither evening peak flow nor
      symptom scores revealed any difference. It is concluded that the Rotacaps are an
      advantageous supplement to available medication for the treatment of asthmatic
      children, although it should be observed that, using equal amounts of BDP, powder
      administration seems less effective than aerosol.

PMID- 6380330
TI  - Ships' surgeons and naturalists in the early history of Alaska. Part 1: Voyages
      of discovery, 1741-1786.

PMID- 6380332
TI  - Acupuncture and bronchial asthma.
AB  - Seventeen patients with stable bronchial asthma were randomly assigned to receive
      either correct acupuncture or placebo acupuncture. The study lasted 11 weeks and
      consisted of a pre-therapy, therapy, and post-therapy period. The patients
      received 10 treatments during a 5-week period. The effect of therapy on pulmonary
      function was assessed daily by the patients at home. Morning and evening peak
      expiratory flow rate, number of puffs beta 2-agonist aerosol needed, as well as
      subjective symptoms of asthma were recorded in a diary. The correctly treated
      group improved significantly throughout the study. Also, compared with the
      placebo group, a significant improvement was found in all assessed parameters 2
      weeks after beginning therapy. Hereafter, no differences could be shown.

PMID- 6380333
TI  - [Current problems in Wilson's disease].

PMID- 6380334
TI  - [Hunger and diseases in the less advanced countries and those en route to
      development (the 3d world). Proposal for solutions].

PMID- 6380335
TI  - Insulin-dependent diabetes during the peri-operative period. An assessment of
      continuous glucose-insulin-potassium infusion, and traditional treatment.
AB  - Twenty seven insulin-dependent diabetics, and six non-diabetic subjects
      undergoing elective surgery have been studied. Twelve diabetics received
      continuous glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) infusion for at least 4 hours after
      surgery terminated. Six diabetic patients having morning surgery received a
      proportion of their morning insulin dose with intravenous glucose (25 g) before
      surgery and the remaining five operated on in the afternoon received their
      morning insulin with breakfast. Non-GIK groups were combined and compared with
      GIK. Postoperative diabetic treatment was the same in both groups. Plasma glucose
      changes were studied in all patients and other metabolites whenever possible.
      Mean pre-operative glucose, non-esterfied fatty acid, and 3-hydroxybutyrate
      concentrations were similar in GIK and non-GIK groups. Four hours postoperatively
      plasma glucose, and 3-hydroxybutyrate values were lower in the GIK group than in
      the non GIK group (p less than 0.05) as were mean plasma non-esterfied fatty acid
      levels. Plasma glucose concentration was also lower in GIK subjects at 72 hours
      postoperatively (p less than 0.01). At other times measured metabolic variables
      were similar in both GIK and non GIK groups.

PMID- 6380336
TI  - Nalbuphine and Althesin anaesthesia. A controlled double-blind comparison for
      cystoscopy.
AB  - In a double-blind, randomized study of 52 unpremedicated outpatients undergoing
      cytoscopy, either nalbuphine 20 mg or saline 2 ml was given intravenously
      immediately before induction of anaesthesia with Althesin 0.05 ml/kg. Increments
      of Althesin 0.5 ml were used to maintain anaesthesia. The patients received
      nalbuphine required less Althesin than those who received saline (p less than
      0.001) for a similar duration of surgery, and there was less movement during
      anaesthesia (p less than 0.001). During surgery hyperventilation was observed in
      the patients who received saline; those who received nalbuphine had lower
      respiratory rates and higher peak expired CO2 levels (p less than 0.001), and
      also a smaller increase in pulse rate (p less than 0.05). Recovery after surgery
      was faster in the patients who received nalbuphine than those who did not (p less
      than 0.05) and both patients (p less and anaesthetists (p less than 0.001) graded
      Althesin anaesthesia as better after nalbuphine than after saline. Intravenous
      nalbuphine 20 mg improved Althesin anaesthesia for cystoscopy without apparent
      disadvantages.

PMID- 6380337
TI  - Circadian influence on the metaphase arrest technique in mouse cornea (light
      microscopy study) and rectum (flow cytometry study).
AB  - Vincristine (VC) was used to arrest metaphases in the epithelium of the cornea
      and rectum. The cornea was studied by light microscopy (mitotic index). The
      rectum was analyzed by flow cytometry (%G2 + M). The results of a dose range
      finding study showed that 3.0 mg/kg body weight VC did not increase the number of
      metaphases in the cornea or the %G2 + M for the rectum over that recorded for a
      dose of 1.0 mg/kg VC. Therefore 1.0 mg/kg VC was selected as the dose to use.
      Mice were kept on a 12:12 light-dark cycle with light from 0600 to 1800. Mice
      were treated with 1.0 mg/kg VC at either 0200 or 1400. 0200 is a time when the
      native mitotic index is increasing toward a peak level, which is attained at 0800
      1000 under these conditions. 1400 is a time when the mitotic index is decreasing
      to trough level, which is attained at 2000 to 2200. In one experiment, subgroups
      of mice were killed at +3 (0500 or 1700) and +6 (0800 or 2000) hours after VC. In
      a replicate experiment subgroups were killed at +2 (0400 or 1600), +4 (0600 or
      1800), and +6 (0800 or 2000) hours after VC. The data from the cornea (mitotic
      indices) and the rectum (%G2 + M) were graphed against time. For both organs the
      slope of the metaphase accumulation line was different when VC at 0200 data were
      compared to VC at 1400 data. The conclusion reached was that by changing the
      biological time of the experiment one can significantly change the slope of the
      line obtained with the stathmokinetic technique.

PMID- 6380338
TI  - Seasonal variations in pituitary thyrotropes of the hibernating bat Myotis
      lucifugus lucifugus: an immunohistochemical study.
AB  - Pituitary thyrotropes were identified throughout the year in the hibernating bat
      Myotis lucifugus lucifugus by means of light microscopic immunohistochemistry.
      These cells occupied a small proportion of the volume of the pars distalis (mean
      = 1.36% in males; mean = 1.52% in females) and exhibited a limited distribution
      pattern that was characteristic of all animals examined. Cells that were
      immunoreactive with an antiserum directed against the beta subunit of thyroid
      stimulating hormone were most numerous in the median rostral and ventral regions;
      they were scarce or absent in the dorsal portion of the gland and in the extreme
      lateral wings. No significant seasonal variations were observed in this cell
      population in females. In males, however, immunoreactive thyrotropes occupied a
      significantly larger proportion of the pars distalis in June (following arousal
      from hibernation than at other times of year. No evidence of involution was
      observed in these anterior pituitary cells in either males or females during
      hibernation.

PMID- 6380339
TI  - Immunoelectron microscopic localization of relaxin in endometrial gland cells of
      the pregnant guinea pig.
AB  - Endometrial gland cells in uteri from late-pregnant guinea pigs (day 60 to
      parturition) resembled typical protein-secreting cells. Extensive rough
      endoplasmic reticulum and well-developed Golgi complexes were evident. The most
      striking features of endometrial gland cells were accumulations of large
      (approximately equal to 0.5 micron in diameter), dense, membrane-bounded
      granules. The granules were located in the supranuclear region of the cell and
      frequently occurred in close proximity to the plasma membrane adjacent to the
      lumen of the gland. Thin sections of endometrial gland cells treated with relaxin
      antiserum and either colloidal gold-protein A or colloidal gold-goat antirabbit
      IgG demonstrated that the granules contained relaxin. These studies provide
      additional evidence that the uterus of the guinea pig produces relaxin and
      support the hypothesis that uterin relaxin may play an important role in
      pregnancy and parturition in the guinea pig.

PMID- 6380340
TI  - An immunocytochemical study of the pancreatic islet system of the channel
      catfish.
AB  - The endocrine pancreas of the channel catfish is segregated into a large primary
      islet and numerous smaller secondary islets. In view of cell distribution
      differences in mammalian islets of ventral and dorsal primordia, we have
      determined the percentage volumes of insulin-, glucagon-, and somatostatin
      containing cells in primary and secondary catfish islets to ascertain if these
      islets correlated with those derived from ventral and dorsal primordia in
      mammals. Islets were immunocytochemically stained using antisera to anglerfish
      insulin, porcine glucagon, and synthetic somatostatin and volume densities were
      quantified on light micrographs by point-counting procedures. In both primary and
      secondary islets the insulin-, glucagon-, and somatostatin-containing cells
      comprised approximately 32%, 23%, and 38% of the endocrine cell volumes,
      respectively. Therefore, the cell populations did not reflect any embryological
      differences between the two groups of islets. In this study, the volume densities
      of insulin-reactive cells in the primary islet were less than previously
      reported, and the overall insulin staining was about one-half of that seen in
      mammals. The volume density of somatostatin-reactive cells in primary islets was
      greater than previously reported. Based on these data, primary and secondary
      islets of the catfish do not appear to have a similar development to the ventral
      and dorsal islets of the mammalian system.

PMID- 6380341
TI  - Biochemical and genetic investigation of round-headed spermatozoa in infertile
      men including two brothers and their father.
AB  - Acrosin and the outer acrosomal membrane (OAM) were studied in the spermatozoa of
      9 infertile patients who differed in the number of round-headed spermatozoa
      between 14 and 71% in their ejaculates. These sperm components were also
      investigated in two infertile brothers who exhibited exclusively round-headed
      spermatozoa in their ejaculates, and in their fertile father. It turned out that
      round-headed spermatozoa lack both acrosin and the OAM as studied by indirect
      immunofluorescent and immunoperoxidase staining technique, gelatinolysis tests
      and by acrosin activity measurements. The normally shaped spermatozoa of 6 of the
      9 infertile patients were found to be positive for acrosin and the OAM as
      expected, but in the remaining three patients even these spermatozoa were
      abnormal; in one patient they were unstainable for acrosin and in two patients
      they were unstainable both for acrosin and the OAM. These results have been
      confirmed by studies with the gelatinolysis test. The father of the two brothers
      with exclusively acrosomeless spermatozoa had more than 94% of normally shaped
      spermatozoa. However, only 10% of these spermatozoa were acrosin positive and
      only 30% were positive for the OAM. On the basis of these results we postulate
      that the mode of inheritance of the round-headed spermatozoa syndrome is
      polygenic rather than monogenic as suggested by previous authors.

PMID- 6380342
TI  - Vent stitch entrapment of Swan-Ganz catheters during cardiac surgery.

PMID- 6380343
TI  - Perioperative management of the patient with asthma.

PMID- 6380344
TI  - Comparison of the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure and jugular venous
      compression on canine cerebral venous pressure.
AB  - The confluent sinus pressure was measured in eight mongrel dogs in the head-up
      position to compare the effectiveness of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)
      and jugular venous compression in increasing cerebral venous pressure. When the
      head was elevated 30 cm above the heart, confluent sinus pressure decreased from
      9.6 +/- 1.8 (mean +/- SEM) to -5.3 +/- 0.5 mmHg. At constant arterial carbon
      dioxide tension (PaCO2 = 28 +/- 2 mmHg), PEEP (20 cmH2O) did not increase
      cerebral venous pressure. However, when the jugular veins were compressed with a
      neck tourniquet with pressures of 20-140 mmHg, cerebral venous pressure increased
      rapidly. When neck tourniquet pressure was maintained at 40 mmHg, confluent sinus
      pressure in all dogs was increased and sustained at 2.4 +/- 0.8 mmHg. Carotid
      artery pressure measured distal to the tourniquet was not altered. The efficacy
      of extrathoracic venous pressure elevation (neck tourniquet) is greater than
      intrathoracic (PEEP), and this may relate to the Starling resistor effects of
      neck veins and the presence of jugular venous valves. We conclude that
      prophylactic use of PEEP in the prevention of air embolism during the sitting
      position may not be as effective as jugular venous compression.

PMID- 6380345
TI  - Effect of enflurane, isoflurane, and nitrous oxide on the microbicidal activity
      of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - The effect of enflurane and isoflurane with and without nitrous oxide (N2O) on
      human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) microbicidal function was studied.
      Bacterial killing was determined using a standard pour-plate technique and by
      oxidative activity as measured by chemiluminescence (CL). No killing of
      Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Staphylococcus aureus was seen at
      bacteria:PMNL ratios of 1 or 10:1 with either enflurane or isoflurane at
      concentrations greater than normally used (3%). However, at a clinically relevant
      concentration of 2%, a significant inhibition of bacterial killing was observed
      with enflurane but not isoflurane at a bacteria:PMNL ratio of 100:1. The CL
      response also was decreased significantly (28% inhibition) by 2% enflurane. N2O
      70% plus O2 30% had no effect on bactericidal activity or chemiluminescence alone
      or in combination with enflurane or isoflurane. The inhibition of bacterial
      killing and CL following enflurane exposure could be reversed by exposing the
      enflurane treated PMNL to air for 30 min. These results suggest that enflurane is
      able to inhibit PMNL microbicidal activity only when the PMNL are stressed with a
      large bacterial challenge or stimulus. This inhibition is temporal and only
      occurs during enflurane exposure.

PMID- 6380346
TI  - A simplified method of CPAP delivery to the nonventilated lung during unilateral
      pulmonary ventilation.

PMID- 6380347
TI  - Pentoxifylline in the treatment of intermittent claudication of the lower limbs.
AB  - Pentoxifylline, a methyl xanthine analogue was evaluated for treatment of
      intermittent claudication in a double-blind placebo controlled parallel group
      study in seven centers in the United States. Tests were performed on 128 cases,
      including 42 who took pentoxifylline (600 mg by mouth daily, increased stepwise
      to 1200 mg daily at the end of one month) and 40 who took placebo for 24 weeks.
      Twenty-five patients on pentoxifylline and 21 on placebo were dropped from the
      study for reasons unrelated to the drug. Walking ability on a treadmill was
      increased significantly after 2 weeks and remained so throughout the study in the
      pentoxifylline vs. the placebo group. Ability to walk until first experiencing
      intermittent claudication was a more sensitive index than the maximum ability to
      walk. The drug did not cause changes in blood pressure or in heart rate. Other
      than mild nausea, there were no significant side effects.

PMID- 6380348
TI  - Trental 400 in the treatment of intermittent claudication: results of long-term,
      placebo-controlled administration.
AB  - A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled long-term clinical study of
      Trental 400 was carried out, partly under cross-over design, partly as a parallel
      group study, in 36 patients suffering from chronic arterial obstructive disorders
      in the lower limbs, associated with intermittent claudication, in order to
      evaluate the effectiveness and the safety of this drug administered t.i.d. over a
      period of 6 months. This controlled period was preceded by a placebo run-in
      period of 3 months. The clinical results under Trental 400 showed a statistically
      significant within group improvement of painfree and maximum walking parameters
      (p less than 0.05) corresponding to an increase to baseline by +96% to +139%
      respectively and also in comparison to placebo (p less than 0.05). The
      alterations of walking parameters within the placebo groups, ranging between -25%
      and +28% were not significant. The subjective parameters (rest pain,
      paraesthesias, muscular cramps and sensation of heaviness in the legs) paralleled
      the course of the walking parameters. Under Trental 400, 24 out of 36 patients
      reported an improvement of these symptoms compared to 7 under placebo. Trental
      400 was well tolerated. Minor side effects were mentioned by 7 out of 36
      patients. One patient had to stop the drug treatment because of persisting
      prickling sensation and subsequent insomnia. Drug-related changes in the
      laboratory findings could not be detected; vital signs varied in function of age,
      concomitant drug treatments and seasonal factors. The results obtained in these
      studies suggest Trental 400 as a drug of choice for treating patients with
      intermittent claudication due to peripheral arterial obstruction according to
      stage II or III after Fontaine.

PMID- 6380349
TI  - Pharmacology of pentoxifylline, a hemorheologic agent for the treatment of
      intermittent claudication.
AB  - Physiological and pathophysiological aspects of systemic and cardiac
      haemodynamics are reviewed with appraisal of Carl J. Wiggers merits and
      contributions to the research and developments in this field and his early
      recognition of the significance of the flow properties of blood in impaired
      circulation. Pharmacological agents involved in treatment of peripheral vascular
      diseases are discussed with special regard to the haemorheologically active
      xanthine derivative pentoxifylline. The profile of pentoxifylline as it emerges
      from experimental pharmacological and clinical studies is presented paying
      special attention to the haemorheological properties of the drug. Pharmacokinetic
      features of pentoxifylline are surveyed touching absorption, blood levels,
      metabolism and excretion aspects. Basing on the available data pentoxifylline is
      regarded as a promising drug in the treatment of circulatory ischemic disorders,
      especially in intermittent claudication.

PMID- 6380350
TI  - Double-blind, crossover study of the clinical efficacy and the hemorheological
      effects of pentoxifylline in patients with occlusive arterial disease of the
      lower limbs.
AB  - The effect of a 3 month daily administration of 800 mg pentoxifylline (Trental
      400 bds) or placebo was assessed under double blind crossover design in 18
      patients (12 males and 6 females) with peripheral occlusive arterial disease in
      respect of painfree walking distance and various hemorheological and
      hemostasiological variables, platelet aggregation, serum cholesterol and
      triglycerides. In first treatment period walking distance significantly increased
      with pentoxifylline by 46% from baseline 121 +/- 15 m and by 4% with placebo from
      baseline 134 +/- 18 m. Pentoxifylline administration furthermore yielded
      significant decrease in whole blood and plasma viscosity and significant increase
      in erythrocyte deformability. This was paralleled by distinct reduction of
      fibrinogen, platelet aggregation and euglobulin lysis time, also plethysmographic
      variables showed positive changes pointing to improvement of limb perfusion. The
      results of the study suggest that treatment of peripheral occlusive vascular
      disease by a drug improving blood fluidity through correction of hemorheological
      and hemostasiological factors turns especially promising and beneficial since the
      action centers finally on the languishing microcirculation in the ischemic
      tissue.

PMID- 6380351
TI  - Correlation of a micro-ELISA assay with the skin test and the RAST assay in
      inhalant allergy.
AB  - Several modifications of a previously described micro-ELISA assay (IP Assay) for
      the diagnosis of IgE mediated disorders were developed to increase the assay
      sensitivity and specificity. The absorbance values in milliunits obtained in this
      assay were normalized with a computer algorithm. The results of this assay
      correlate well with those obtained with the RAST assay (normalized milliunits of
      absorbance versus bound radioactivity: r = 0.74 to 0.87). However, the IP assay
      detected allergen specific IgE antibodies in many sera for which the RAST assay
      gave negative results (from 13.3% to 28% for a variety of allergens). The
      converse was seen in fewer than one percent of tests. Further, in a series of 300
      tests for a panel of ten allergens, the IP assay showed a higher degree of
      correlation with the intradermal skin test (82%) than the RAST assay (77.3%). The
      specificity of the IP and RAST assays were comparable. Data showing the stability
      of the polystyrene surface immunosorbent and the independence of the IP assay
      from high levels of total IgE antibodies are presented. The reasons for higher
      sensitivity of the IP assay than the RAST assay (and hence superior correlation
      with the skin test) are discussed.

PMID- 6380352
TI  - Calcium channel blockers in emergency medicine.
AB  - Diltiazem, nifedipine, and verapamil inhibit calcium entry into cells via
      different mechanisms with different pharmacologies. They display different
      relative effects on different cardiovascular functions, a complex interplay of
      direct actions and adrenergic reflexes. Peripheral arterial vasorelaxation causes
      adrenergic reflex activity which opposes their direct negative chronotropic,
      dromotropic, inotropic, and hypotensive actions. Verapamil's most potent activity
      is electrophysiologic, and nifedipine's effects are hemodynamic; diltiazem acts
      like a less-potent combination of verapamil and nifedipine. All three drugs are
      efficacious in angina. These three drugs may not be interchangeable in all
      patients, but individualization of therapy is possible. Future indications for
      calcium channel blocker therapy may include hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, cerebral
      vasospasm, migraine headaches, pulmonary hypertension, asthma, esophageal spasm,
      intestinal ischemia, Raynaud's phenomenon, dysmenorrhea, and premature labor.

PMID- 6380353
TI  - Group B streptococcal meningitis in an intravenous drug abuser.

PMID- 6380354
TI  - Pacemakers for prehospital bradyasystolic arrest.

PMID- 6380355
TI  - Obstructive sleep apnea. A common disorder exacerbated by alcohol.

PMID- 6380356
TI  - Effects of theophylline on inhaled methacholine and histamine in asthmatic
      children.
AB  - The effects of a therapeutic serum theophylline concentration on inhaled
      methacholine and histamine were studied in 8 stable, moderately severe asthmatic
      children 8 to 15 yr of age. Placebo or theophylline in a hydroalcoholic solution
      was administered in a double-blind fashion, and standard histamine and
      methacholine challenges were performed following both placebo and theophylline.
      Serum theophylline concentration averaged 13 mg/L (range 4.0 to 22.1).
      Theophylline caused a significant increase (p less than 0.01, paired t test) in
      provocative dose for a 20% drop in FEV1 (PD20 FEV1) for both methacholine (from a
      mean of 19.1 to 57.5) and histamine (75.9 to 144.5). This effect did not
      correlate with the small (7.6% increase in FEV1) but significant
      bronchodilatation produced by theophylline. We conclude that theophylline in
      doses that achieve serum concentrations in the usual therapeutic range produces
      significant attenuation of the bronchoconstrictor response to methacholine and
      histamine challenges in asthmatic children. The mechanism and therapeutic
      implications of this remain undefined.

PMID- 6380358
TI  - Cigarette smoke, asbestos, and small irregular opacities.
AB  - The long-term inhalation of cigarette smoke is associated with the appearance of
      diffuse small irregular opacities of mild profusion on chest roentogenograms of
      some subjects in a limited number of reports. Human histologic and experimental
      animal studies have shown the presence of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis. The
      radiographic abnormalities may be explained by interstitial fibrosis, although
      bronchiolar wall thickening may also be involved. Because asbestos causes diffuse
      pulmonary fibrosis, the literature was reviewed for evidence concerning an
      interaction between cigarette smoke and asbestos in the frequency of pulmonary
      asbestosis. A majority of 14 prevalence studies and 7 cohort studies of asbestos
      workers with information on smoking habits have shown a positive interaction
      between the 2 agents. The interaction appears to be additive rather than
      synergistic. Smoking may exert an effect on the frequency of pulmonary asbestosis
      by increasing the effective fiber dose retained in the lungs through interference
      with clearance.

PMID- 6380357
TI  - Emphysema induced by intravenously administered endotoxin in an alpha 1
      antitrypsin-deficient rat model.
AB  - The effect of repeated intravenous injections of Escherichia coli endotoxin on
      lung structure and lung parenchymal elastin proportions was studied in rats
      rendered deficient in alpha 1-antitrypsin by administration of galactosamine.
      Within 24 h after endotoxin administration, polymorphonuclear leukocyte
      sequestration was demonstrable by microscopy and differential cell counts of
      pulmonary lavage fluid. Measurement of the proportions of elastin in lung
      parenchyma at 24 h revealed values in the normal range; 10 wk after repeated
      galactosamine and endotoxin administration, there was a reduction in the
      proportions of lung parenchymal elastin. At 10 wk, these animals showed a
      significant increase in the mean linear intercept and pulmonary compliance.
      Animals treated with endotoxin alone developed some but not all of the changes
      seen in the animals deficient in alpha 1-antitrypsin.

PMID- 6380359
TI  - Processing of lung lavage fluid causes variability in bronchoalveolar cell count.
AB  - To study the effects on cell counts of different ways of processing
      bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, we performed 77 BAL in 19 healthy control
      subjects and in 58 patients with sarcoidosis. We investigated the role of
      readers, hemocytometers, mode of identification of macrophages, cell washing, and
      speed of cytocentrifugation. No significant effect of reader or hemocytometer was
      observed. The percentage of macrophages, determined as large cells stained with
      neutral red in a Malassez hemocytometer (63.9 +/- 24.6%, mean +/- SD) was lower
      than the percentage of macrophages determined by May Grunwald Giemsa staining
      (76.3 +/- 19.2%, p less than 10(-9)). Cell counts decreased 34% after 2 washings
      (p less than 0.001), and more lymphocytes were counted after cytocentrifugation
      at 90 g (33.2 +/- 25.3%) than at 23 g (27.7 +/- 22.1%). We conclude that
      bronchoalveolar cell counts vary with changes in processing lung lavage fluid and
      that this variability should be considered when using BAL cell counts.

PMID- 6380360
TI  - Diffuse endobronchial polyposis following a titanium tetrachloride inhalation
      injury.
AB  - We report a case of diffuse endobronchial polyps contributing to continued
      respiratory failure in a patient 5 wk after titanium tetrachloride inhalation
      injury. After the institution of corticosteroid therapy, the total number and
      size of remaining polyps were markedly reduced at which time the subject was
      successfully weaned from the ventilator. Follow-up bronchoscopy at 2 months, 5
      months, and 1 yr postinjury revealed gradual but complete resolution of all
      polyps accompanied by improvement in the patient's obstructive airways disease.
      This delayed complication of inhalation injury has been previously reported as a
      complication of thermal respiratory injury, and may be an important contributing
      factor in prolonged or late respiratory failure in burn patients.

PMID- 6380361
TI  - Colorectal perforation in renal transplant recipients.
AB  - Of 525 patients who received 585 renal transplants, seven developed colonic
      perforations from 6 to 27 days post-transplantation. Six were undergoing
      antirejection therapy at the time of perforation. Prompt diagnosis was made and
      colonic resection carried out immediately under broad spectrum antibiotic
      coverage. Primary gastrointestinal reconstruction was performed in one instance
      and colonic exclusion in the others. One patient died from the insult; three are
      alive eight to 42 months after perforation; and three succumbed to late unrelated
      problems at two, three, and 24 months. Early diagnosis, immediate thorough
      debridement of the peritoneal cavity, and colonic exclusion carry the best
      prognosis.

PMID- 6380363
TI  - Single dose cefuroxime/metronidazole versus metronidazole alone in elective
      colorectal surgery.
AB  - Sixty assessable patients undergoing elective colonic and rectal surgery were
      randomly allocated to receive prophylaxis with a combination of 1.5 g cefuroxime
      plus 500 mg metronidazole or 500 mg metronidazole alone as single doses by the
      intravenous route, given at the beginning of anesthesia. The two groups were
      matched for age, sex, malignancy, and type of operation. Primary wound infections
      were observed in one patient (3.7%) in the combination group and six (18.2%) in
      the group given metronidazole alone. This trend was not statistically
      significant. Bacteriologic examination of the anastomoses, abdominal walls, and
      wounds showed significantly more sterile cultures in the combination group,
      although more aerobic cefuroxime-resistant isolates were seen in this group.
      There is no evidence that the emergence of resistant strains had any influence on
      the outcome of patients in the study. It was concluded that an appropriate
      antibiotic prophylactic regimen for colorectal surgery should be directed against
      aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Cefuroxime plus metronidazole is an effective
      regimen for the prevention of postoperative infection.

PMID- 6380362
TI  - Ampicillin versus cefamandole in biliary tract surgery. A prospective, randomized
      clinical and bacteriological study.
AB  - A prospective, randomized study was conducted on 219 surgical patients with
      biliary tract disease. There were 100 patients undergoing elective biliary
      surgery, and 119 others with suspected biliary sepsis who were assigned to
      Prophylactic or Therapeutic clinical categories, then randomized into ampicillin
      or cefamandole treatment groups. Organisms resistant to the antibiotics given
      were found less often among patients in the cefamandole groups than among those
      in the ampicillin groups. No postoperative wound or intra-abdominal sepsis (IAS)
      occurred in the Prophylactic category. In the Therapeutic category there were two
      cases (3.2%) of wound and IAS in the ampicillin group and one case (1.8%) of
      wound infection in the cefamandole group. Overall, cefamandole showed superior
      coverage in vitro against the biliary flora, but both drugs were equally
      effective in maintaining a low incidence of postoperative sepsis as well as a
      minimal number of febrile or total hospital days. The authors suggest that the
      choice of antimicrobials may not be as critical as effective surgical management
      in the prevention of septic complications following biliary tract surgery.

PMID- 6380364
TI  - Pressure-fixation method of transferring cells from polycarbonate filters to
      glass slides.
AB  - A technique for the preparation of cytology slides is presented by which cells
      collected on a polycarbonate membrane filter are transferred to a slide by means
      of simultaneous pressure and fixation. Using cervical samples as a model, the
      influence of the filtration rate, filter pore size and duration of pressure
      application on cell recovery was analyzed. The present version of the preparation
      procedure uses manual techniques that define the operating characteristics of a
      fully automated procedure.

PMID- 6380365
TI  - Precision cell location and relocation techniques. An application for cell image
      analysis.
AB  - Two methods for precise cell location and relocation were developed at the Cell
      Image Analysis Laboratory, NASA, to increase the efficiency of the cell image
      acquisition process. The first method uses a Zeiss Zonax with a 10 micron
      scanning stage and automatically records cell coordinates on 5.25-inch floppy
      disks. The second method uses a Digital Positioning Device with a 10 micron
      scanning stage, and the cell coordinates displayed on light-emitting diodes
      (LEDs) are recorded manually. Because of its superior speed and automation, the
      Zonax was selected as the method of choice. By using a Zonax for off-line cell
      location and another Zonax for on-line cell relocation, more than three times the
      number of digitized images were collected in ten months than in the previous
      three years. Other beneficial applications of the cell location and relocation
      methods were realized in photomicrography, data base verification and
      cytopathology.

PMID- 6380366
TI  - Torbjorn Oscar Caspersson, M.D., F.I.A.C.: 75 years.

PMID- 6380367
TI  - A controlled evaluation of the protective efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine for
      patients at high risk of serious pneumococcal infections.
AB  - The protective efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine against systemic pneumococcal
      infections in adults with the current indications for the vaccine was evaluated
      in a case-control study. Six (7%) of the 90 cases and 16 (18%) of the matched
      controls had received pneumococcal vaccine for an odds ratio of 0.33 (p less than
      0.05). The vaccine's protective efficacy was 67%, which remained virtually
      unchanged after adjusting for potential confounding variables. The vaccine's
      efficacy was 77% for patients at moderately increased risk of pneumococcal
      infections, but 0% for patients who were severely immunocompromised. The
      vaccine's protective efficacy was 70% (p less than 0.05) for all patients 55
      years or older after controlling for indications for the vaccine in addition to
      age. Pneumococcal vaccine confers substantial protection against systemic
      pneumococcal infections on the elderly and patients with illnesses associated
      with a moderately increased risk of pneumococcal infections.

PMID- 6380368
TI  - Molecular cloning of the tsm0185 gene responsible for adenylate cyclase activity
      in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - The gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae responsible for adenylate cyclase activity
      was cloned by complementation of a thermosensitive tsm0185 mutation in yeast; it
      was also shown to complement the yeast cyr1 mutation. Preliminary results
      indicate the presence of a repeated sequence on the same genomic fragment.

PMID- 6380369
TI  - Purification and properties of carboxylesterase B of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Carboxylesterase B produced by Escherichia coli was purified 1,350-fold with a
      recovery of 12% by successive gel filtrations, DEAE-trisacryl, phenyl-Sepharose
      chromatography and preparative electrophoresis. The purified enzyme was found to
      be homogeneous, as judged by a single precipitation line in Ouchterlony double
      diffusion in an experiment with homologous antiserum. The apparent molecular
      weight determined by gel filtration and the isoelectric point determined by
      electrofocusing were 57,000 and 4.6, respectively. Using acetate, propionate and
      butyrate esters of 1-naphtol, it was observed that elongation of the acyl carbon
      chain resulted in a progressive increase in velocity of ester hydrolysis. The
      apparent Km for 1-naphtyl acetate was found to be 0.25 mM. The enzyme was
      maximally active at pH 7.4 and was found to be unstable below pH 5. Hydrolytic
      activity was preserved after heat treatment for 30 min at 60 degrees C, but was
      abolished by heating for 10 min at 70 degrees C. The enzyme was strongly
      inhibited by low concentrations of di-isopropyl fluorophosphate. This suggested
      that a serine residue is required for catalytic activity. Esterase was unaffected
      by tosyl-L-lysin chloromethylketone, iodoacetamide, 4-hydroxy-mercuribenzoate and
      EDTA. Using antiserum against purified carboxylesterase B of E. coli, significant
      immunological cross-reactions were observed between this antigen and
      carboxylesterase B produced by Shigella flexneri, S. boydii and S. sonnei.

PMID- 6380370
TI  - [Lipid composition of cultivable Mycobacteria isolated from livers of armadillos
      infected by Mycobacterium leprae].
AB  - Four bacterial strains isolated from two livers of armadillos experimentally
      infected with Mycobacterium leprae were studied. Lipids obtained after
      saponification and methylation and complex lipids obtained by solvent extraction
      were examined. The presence of mycolates showed that the four strains belonged to
      the genus Mycobacterium, but the mycolate patterns, identical for the four
      strains, were different from those of all strains studied so far. Three of these
      strains contained phthioceranic acids, which were not found in the fourth one.
      Only the last strain contained mycosides of the C type, while the three others
      contained a new type of glycolipid. Their content in mycolates and in glycolipids
      demonstrated a clear-cut difference between these strains, on the one hand, and
      M. leprae on the other.

PMID- 6380371
TI  - [Vaccination using Salmonella typhimurium Rc in protein-deprived BALB/c mice].
AB  - Four-week old BALB/c mice were fed a 4% protein diet for 6 weeks. At the 3rd week
      of undernourishment, they were orally vaccinated with a live vaccine, Salmonella
      typhimurium Rc. the mice were challenged 3 weeks after vaccination, and
      malnutrition was discontinued at that time. Results suggested that the live
      vaccine may be pathogenic when associated with a protein-deficient diet.

PMID- 6380372
TI  - Cloning and expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae of a cellulase gene from
      Clostridium thermocellum.

PMID- 6380373
TI  - [Surgical treatment of naso-sinus tumors invading the anterior region of the base
      of the skull. Problems encountered during exploration, and repair of bone and
      dura mater].
AB  - Current limitations for surgical excision and solutions to problems of bone and
      dura mater repair of nasosinusal tumors invading the anterior region of the base
      of skull are discussed in relation to 14 cases. None of these patients had been
      operated upon by first intention using the upper approach Exploration of the
      median part of the anterior region is limited posteriorly by the posterior border
      of the jugum and the base of the anterior clinoid processes. Pre-operative
      discovery of invasion of the dura mater is a contraindication for surgery.
      Posterior and dural extension of the tumor is evaluated by combined CT Scan and
      tomography, but these examinations do not always confirm the absence of dura
      mater involvement before surgery. A double approach should be used when doubt as
      to invasion of the base exists. Dura mater repair involves suturing, a free
      periosteal flap, and a pediculated cranial periosteum flap anteriorly on the
      fronto-orbital region. Reconstruction of the base requires the use of the
      periosteal flap, alone or associated with bone grafts depending on the size and
      location of the bone breach. Short and long term postoperative complications were
      nor observed.

PMID- 6380374
TI  - [Survival of bone after osteomuscular transposition. Histological study in man
      and an experimental model].
AB  - Most bone cells in homografts fail to survive, and several months are required
      before live bone tissue structures develop in the graft. Various attempts have
      been made to preserve or re-establish homograft vascularization. One method
      involves the use of free bone transfer with revascularization of the supply
      artery or the total periosteal network, this enabling the majority of the bone
      cells to survive. Another procedure uses osteomuscular transplants in which the
      muscle acts as a pedicle for the transplanted bone segment, but whether bone
      elements in these flaps remain viable is a very debatable point. Experimental and
      clinical studies were conducted to evaluate, histologically, the viability of
      bone after osteomuscular transplantation. Fluorescence examination of bone
      sections from 40 osteomuscular flaps in the rat demonstrated bone formation on
      the external cortical surface but marked diminution of endosteal moulding in
      other zones. Examination of bone biopsies from 10 patients treated by mandibular
      reconstitution using an osteomuscular flap provided data comparable with those
      obtained during the experimental study. These findings demonstrate that
      osteomuscular transplantation is responsible for endosteal ischemia, preventing
      survival of cells other than those lying most externally to the cortex.

PMID- 6380375
TI  - [Proposal for the protocol of a national multidisciplinary study of medullary
      thyroid cancer].

PMID- 6380376
TI  - Tracheotomy versus intubation. A 19th century controversy.
AB  - The early history of tracheotomy and intubation is reviewed. Both techniques
      evolved to their modern formats during the 19th century stimulated by the need to
      treat diphtheria epidemics. Development of technical aspects of tracheotomy
      during the first half of the 19th century, and of endotracheal and endolaryngeal
      intubation in the latter part, are reviewed.

PMID- 6380378
TI  - [The eradication of measles by general vaccination is beneficial and feasible].

PMID- 6380377
TI  - [Action of chloroquine on glutathione metabolism in erythrocytes parasitized by
      Plasmodium berghei].
AB  - Chloroquine acts on erythrocytes parasitized by a P. berghei sensitive strain,
      inducing a dramatic decrease of the intra erythrocytic reduced glutathione. This
      reduction follows a decrease of the glutathione reductase activity. Contrarily
      when erythrocytes are parasitized by a P. berghei resistant strain neither the
      intra erythrocytic reduced glutathione nor the glutathione reductase activity are
      modified by the action of chloroquine. Glutathione metabolism could be the main
      target of action of chloroquine in malaria infection.

PMID- 6380379
TI  - A retrospective study of thick split-thickness plantar skin grafts to resurface
      the palm.
AB  - Both the function and appearance of thick split-thickness plantar skin grafts to
      resurface palmar skin defects are examined in this retrospective study. If
      defects in the hand are covered by grafts from hair-bearing donor sites, these
      grafts will show increased pigmentation and contrast clearly with the surrounding
      skin, particularly in the case of patients with heavy skin pigmentation. To avoid
      this pigmentation, we have used the thick split-thickness skin grafts taken from
      the plantar region of the foot. The most important aspect of the method is the
      removal of split-thickness skin with a thick dermal layer. Since 1975, we have
      used this method in 64 patients and conducted follow-ups on 41 of them. The
      results of follow-ups indicate that this method is quite successful and useful,
      especially in patients with dark skin. In general, there was no excessive
      pigmentation of the grafted skin; color and texture of grafted skin matched the
      surrounding skin; function recovery is good owing to similar skin structure;
      thick split-thickness skin with a thick dermal layer prevents contracture of
      grafted skin; grafted skin withstands trauma; donor site need not be grafted; and
      the scar at the donor sites is hidden and produced no morbidity. It must be
      noted, however, that one-third of all patients were lost to follow-up, and the
      results in these patients are not known.

PMID- 6380380
TI  - Milestones in modern plastic surgery. Restoration of function and balance of the
      wrist and hand by tendon transfers. By William L. White, M.D. 1960.

PMID- 6380381
TI  - Address at dinner honoring William L. White, M.D.

PMID- 6380382
TI  - [Long-term treatment of severe cardiac insufficiency with captopril].
AB  - 23 patients with a mean age of 62 +/- 7 years and suffering from a cardiomyopathy
      with severe chronic heart failure (16 patients in stage IV of the New York
      Association (NYHA) classification and 7 in stage III NYHA) received long term
      treatment with captopril (9 patients received 75 mg/day, 9 received 150 mg/day
      and 5 received 300 mg/day) with a follow-up of 12 +/- 9 months. Following the
      acute administration of captopril, there was an increase in the cardiac index
      (Cl) (2.76 +/- 0.56 vs 2.10 +/- 0.4 l . min-1 . m-2, p less than 0.001) between
      the 4th and 6th hour, a significant decrease in peripheral resistance (PR) (1416
      +/- 304 vs 1094 +/- 406 dynes/s/cm-5, p less than 0.001), total pulmonary
      resistance (TPR) (537 +/- 228 vs 660 +/- 258 dynes/s/cm-5, p less than 0.01) and
      pulmonary diastolic pressure (PDP) (15.4 +/- 7.2 vs 18.6 +/- mm Hg, p less than
      0.001). An early (3rd day) and reversible renal failure caused the treatment to
      be suspended in one patient. In the 22 other patients, a marked and lasting
      clinical improvement was obtained (18 patients with stage II NYHA and 4 with
      stage III NYHA). The beneficial haemodynamic effects persisted until the 4th
      month in 14 patients (Cl: 2.38 +/- 0.4 vs 2.10 +/- 0.4 l . min-1 . m-2, p less
      than 0.1; PR: 1828 +/- 314 vs 2054 +/- 406 dynes/s/cm-5, p less than 0.01; TPR:
      526 +/- 284 vs 660 +/- 258 dynes/s/cm-5, p less than 0.01; PDP: 16.8 +/- 8.7 vs
      18.6 +/- 8.6 mmHg, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6380383
TI  - [Therapeutic focus: bepridil].

PMID- 6380384
TI  - Modern aspects of conventional insulin therapy.

PMID- 6380385
TI  - C-peptide and free insulin determinations in type I diabetes; relationships with
      metabolic control and insulin therapy.

PMID- 6380386
TI  - Testing for autonomic neuropathy.
AB  - Autonomic neuropathy is a common complication in long-term diabetes, about 30% of
      the patients showing measurable signs of autonomic dysfunction after 10 years
      duration of disease. The diagnosis is often difficult to establish because
      clinical symptoms generally occur late in the course of the disease, and may be
      nonspecific. A number of recently developed quantifiable and reproducible
      autonomic nerve function tests are reviewed, with emphasis on the physiological
      basis of the tests and on practical applicability. Finally, diagnostic criteria,
      based on autonomic nerve function tests, are suggested.

PMID- 6380387
TI  - Recent concepts of pathogenesis and treatment of type I diabetes.

PMID- 6380388
TI  - Genetic markers in insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6380389
TI  - Immunological features in the course of type 1 diabetes.

PMID- 6380390
TI  - Insulin resistance in type I diabetes: prevalence, pathogenesis and therapeutic
      approaches.

PMID- 6380391
TI  - Hypoglycemic counterregulation in normal and diabetic man.

PMID- 6380392
TI  - Factors predicting remission in type I diabetes.
AB  - The remission period often following the clinical onset of insulin-dependent
      (type I) diabetes, is characterized by residual B cell function, reduced insulin
      requirements, and good metabolic control. Known factors predicting remission
      include high age at onset, male sex, mild initial metabolic derangement and
      absence of frank ketoacidosis. It has been possible to increase the frequency of
      remissions by strict initial control of diabetes with intensive insulin therapy
      and by immunological manipulation with corticosteroids, cyclosporin A or
      plasmapheresis. Patients who have experienced a remission show higher plasma C
      peptide levels even after the remission period, but there is no conclusive
      evidence so far about any beneficial effect of therapeutic intervention on
      residual B cell function beyond the remission period.

PMID- 6380393
TI  - Insulin pumps--still a research tool?
AB  - Long-term near-normal blood glucose regulation is possible with portable insulin
      pumps, and this treatment is acceptable to patients, but is also expensive. The
      pharmacokinetic difference between continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and
      conventional injection therapy is discussed and can explain the difference
      between the obtained levels of blood glucose control. One-year near-normal blood
      glucose regulation cannot prevent the development of proliferative retinopathy in
      patients with established diabetic background retinopathy. Long-term large-scale
      prospective clinical trials are needed to evaluate whether strict metabolic
      control can prevent, delay, arrest, or even reverse microvascular complications.
      Furthermore, the side effects of the pump treatment need to be clarified before
      routine use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. While awaiting these
      studies, the only indication for pump therapy in routine clinic is considerable
      glycaemic instability which is incompatible with leading a normal life.

PMID- 6380394
TI  - Pathogenesis of gallstones.
AB  - The three lipids in bile, cholesterol, lecithin, and bile salts (about 90 percent
      of the dry weight of normal gallbladder bile) are amphipathic substances having
      both hydrophobic and hydrophilic functional groups. Knowledge of the
      physicochemical factors of gallstone formation (especially cholesterol stones)
      has increased in the past two decades. The absolute amount of cholesterol
      supersaturation determines the extent of cholesterol precipitation. The ionic
      strength of the bile and the types of bile salts present are minor factors,
      whereas the ratios of bile salts to lecithin at a particular concentration of
      total lipids are the major factors contributing to gallstone production. Bile
      acids (salts) form micelles which allow the lecithin and cholesterol to dissolve
      within the micelles. Thus the administration of bile acids allows for non
      invasive dissolution of some cholesterol gallstones. Additional important risk
      factors are genetic and ethnic, sex (females predominate), obesity, diet (in
      contrast to animal protein and more refined carbohydrate diets, there is less
      lithogenicity with diets containing plant protein and unrefined carbohydrates),
      certain diseases, and drug therapy. Pigment stones make up the majority of
      radiopaque stones and are predominant in the Orient; they are seen in certain
      diseases and in infections of the biliary tree.

PMID- 6380395
TI  - Hepatic manifestations of lymphomas.
AB  - The various hepatic manifestations of malignant lymphomas are discussed as well
      as the methods employed to detect hepatic involvement in those diseases.
      Hepatomegaly is infrequent in early Hodgkin's disease and, when present, may
      represent a nonspecific reactive phenomenon. Hepatomegaly is more common in non
      Hodgkin's lymphomas and various leukemias and usually represents neoplastic
      involvement of that organ. Radiographic procedures and liver function studies are
      unreliable in detecting liver involvement although correlation of the various
      data increases diagnostic accuracy. Morphological manifestations of these
      diseases are discussed as well as those methods which are best suited for
      diagnosis.

PMID- 6380396
TI  - Genetic heterogeneity of the B subunit of coagulation factor XIII: resolution of
      type 2.
AB  - An apparent discrepancy in phenotyping the genetic polymorphism at the FXIIIB
      locus by electrophoresis or isoelectric focusing has been investigated. The data
      indicate that the product of the type 2 allele, which can be detected by agarose
      electrophoresis, is not resolved from the product of the type 1 allele by
      isoelectric focusing. The understanding of this problem has previously been
      confused by the absence or very low frequency of the type 2 allele in Japanese
      populations studied by isoelectric focusing and electrophoresis. An alternative
      enzyme-linked immunoblotting technique is described which substantially improves
      the method for phenotyping products of the FXIIIB locus after electrophoresis.

PMID- 6380397
TI  - Tumorigenicity and mutagenicity studies with capsaicin of hot peppers.
AB  - Capsaicin, the pungent principle of hot pepper, was administered at
      concentrations of 1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125 and 0.0625% in powdered diet for 35 days to
      five groups of Swiss albino mice. In the capsaicin-treated groups 4 mice (10%)
      developed 4 adenocarcinomas of the duodenum (one tumor at each dose level, except
      for the highest dose), while no such tumor occurred in the untreated control
      mice. Capsaicin exhibited a low level of mutagenicity in the Ames assay with S.
      typhimurium strain TA98 in the presence of liver activating enzymes from Aroclor
      induced rats.

PMID- 6380398
TI  - Evaluation of CEA and GCDFP-15 plasma level during hormonally induced cancer
      stimulation.
AB  - Preliminary clinical trials indicate that transient stimulation of breast and
      prostate cancer growth by hormonal means may enhance tumor sensitivity to
      chemotherapy. In none of these studies, however, has an attempt been made to
      measure parameters that might reflect perturbations in cell kinetics induced by
      the treatment schedules. While conducting two, controlled, randomized clinical
      trials in advanced breast cancer and prostate cancer using a similar approach, we
      have measured plasma levels of two tumor markers, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
      and breast gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDFP-15). These served as a
      possible means of monitoring hormonal stimulation of tumor growth. Both markers
      failed to increase following administration of estrogens to patients with breast
      cancer and of androgens to men with prostatic carcinoma. In contrast, transient
      stimulation of tumor growth probably occurred as shown by exacerbation of
      symptoms and, in patients with prostate cancer, rise in acid phosphatase. We
      conclude that CEA and GCDFP-15 are not useful for monitoring pertubations in
      tumor cell kinetics induced by hormone stimulative protocols.

PMID- 6380399
TI  - Animal models for tumor progression (short review).
AB  - During recent years the number of studies concerning tumor progression has
      increased considerably, with the important breakthrough in the study of
      neoplastic development being the selection of variants of malignancy. Some of the
      models used for the selection of these variants and the assays for malignancy by
      which they are tested are, however, quite remote from the natural process of
      tumor progression. Various models are herein discussed with their advantages and
      drawbacks evaluated. The validity of the models for the testing of antitumoral
      drugs at various stages of tumor progression are also discussed.

PMID- 6380401
TI  - Classical and endemic form of Kaposi's sarcoma. A review.

PMID- 6380400
TI  - Characterization of premalignant neurogenic rat cells in vitro.
AB  - In long term culture of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) exposed fetal BD IX-rat
      brains, cells proliferate and form aggregates (nodules) in vitro, starting 2-3
      months after the transplacental carcinogen injection in vivo. Cell nodules of
      cultures from 3-6 months after ENU exposure were investigated for the presence of
      organoid structures, signs of differentiation, and differentiation products.
      Organoid structures were absent as were signs of differentiation into more mature
      neuroglial cells since a relatively uniform immature cell population was typical
      for the nodules studied. Nuclear changes in form of nuclear envelope dilatation,
      margination and condensation of chromatin were present. The S-100 protein was
      generally expressed by the neuroglial cells in this premalignant phase; GFA and
      14.3.2. protein were expressed to a variable degree. The cells showed enhanced
      proliferation. In conclusion there was a gradual change of differentiation
      accompanied by the acquisition of atypical nuclear structure in the premalignant
      phase studied.

PMID- 6380402
TI  - Beta-2-microglobulin in acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

PMID- 6380403
TI  - Epidemiology of acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

PMID- 6380404
TI  - Clinical features of Kaposi's sarcoma/acquired immune deficiency syndrome and its
      management.

PMID- 6380405
TI  - Immunologic alterations in acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

PMID- 6380406
TI  - Exclusion in IncI-type Escherichia coli conjugations: the stage of conjugation at
      which exclusion operates.
AB  - The stage at which exclusion operates in matings between donors belonging to the
      I-type incompatibility group (IncI) was investigated. Mating between Escherichia
      coli cells harbouring the I-type plasmid R144 and E. coli cells harbouring the
      R144-derived recombinant plasmid pRAH308, which causes a hundredfold exclusion,
      was performed on a membrane filter to test whether mating aggregate formation was
      disturbed. Besides, level and kinetics of the formation of mating aggregates in
      mixtures of R144+ donor cells and recipient cells carrying plasmid pRAH308
      (exclusion-proficient) was compared with the aggregate formation in mixtures of
      the donor cells and exclusion-deficient recipient cells. Results from these
      experiments revealed that the exclusion by pRAH308 does not operate at the level
      of aggregate formation, but acts at the stage of DNA transfer. The exclusion
      phenomenon by the recombinant plasmid pRAH308 appeared to be representative for
      exclusion caused by plasmid R144, since essentially identical results were
      obtained if plasmid R144 was used as exclusion-determining factor.

PMID- 6380407
TI  - Stability of a plasmid F Trim in populations of a recombination-deficient strain
      of Escherichia coli in continuous culture.
AB  - Populations of a recA derivative of Escherichia coli AB1157 containing the
      plasmid F Trim were grown in carbon-limited continuous culture at dilution rates
      of 0.1 h-1 to 0.4 h-1. The plasmid was lost after a lag, except in fermenter
      experienced populations when it was retained. These results can be explained in
      terms of non-specific competition.

PMID- 6380408
TI  - N alpha-Malto-glucagon and N alpha-malto, S-methyl methionine27-glucagon:
      preparation and characterization of two partial agonists.
AB  - N alpha-Maltoglucagon was prepared by demethylation of N alpha-malto, S-methyl
      methionine27 glucagon, and the two derivatives were purified to greater than 99%
      and 99.7%, respectively. S-Methylation of glucagon lowers the reactivity of Lys
      12 and provides an alternative strategy to epsilon-amino protection for directing
      glycosylation of glucagon to the alpha-amino group. Both derivatives are partial
      agonists, with their adenylate cyclase activation and binding reduced in
      parallel. N alpha-Maltoglucagon produces 70% and N alpha-malto, S-methyl
      methionine27 glucagon 40% of the maximum activity of native hormone. N alpha
      Maltoglucagon binds equivalently to N alpha-biotinyl, N epsilon-acetimidoglucagon
      whose maximum activity is near 35%, but a pK shift of the imidazole moiety cannot
      account for the difference in their abilities to produce transduction. Both
      glycosylated derivatives bind noncooperatively and both inhibit adenylate cyclase
      at high concentrations. The presence of a maltose residue on the amino terminal
      of glucagon may be required but, alone provides insufficient structural
      complementarity for concanavalin A binding to occur. The glycosylated derivatives
      are resistant to aminopeptidase degradation, are more soluble, and the maltose
      residue is unlikely to cause toxicity with in vivo use. Such attributes may be
      advantageous in the development of other analogs.

PMID- 6380409
TI  - Effects of compactin on the levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A
      reductase in compactin-resistant C100 and wild-type cells.
AB  - A cell line, C100, resistant to 225 microM compactin, has been isolated which
      overproduces 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase
      approximately 100-fold compared to the parental cell line [E. Hardeman, H. Jenke
      and R. Simoni (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 1516-1520]. It is
      demonstrated that the overproduction of HMG-CoA reductase in these cells is the
      result of increased enzyme synthesis due to elevated levels of translatable mRNA.
      Furthermore, the apparent molecular weight of the in vitro translation product is
      94,000, which agrees with the molecular weight of the in vivo synthesized HMG-CoA
      reductase protomer in C100 cells. However, a comparison of the Staphylococcus
      aureus V8 proteolysis patterns between the in vitro and in vivo translation
      products reveals structural differences which suggests in vivo post-translation
      modification(s). It is also demonstrated unequivocally, by comparing proteolytic
      cleavage patterns and pulse-chase experiments, that the previously reported
      63,000-, 52,000-, and 38,000-Da polypeptides recognized by HMG-CoA reductase
      antiserum derive from the 94,000-Da protomer as a result of nonphysiological
      proteolysis. Finally, the types of regulatory mechanisms involved in both the
      induction and repression of the enzyme in the presence or absence of compactin
      were determined. Four biochemical parameters of HMG-CoA reductase were examined
      in variant and parental cells grown in the presence and absence of compactin:
      enzymatic activity, degradation rate, synthesis rate, and concentration of
      translatable mRNA. These studies revealed that changes in cellular HMG-CoA
      reductase content are a function of concurrent changes in the rates of enzyme
      degradation and synthesis. Changes in enzyme synthesis are due to alterations in
      the level of translatable mRNA.

PMID- 6380410
TI  - Reductive cleavage of Xaa-proline peptide bonds by mild alkaline borohydride
      treatment employed to release O-glycosidically linked carbohydrate units of
      glycoproteins.
AB  - During the deglycosylation reaction of fish egg polysialoglycoproteins under the
      conditions of 1 M NaBH4 in 0.1 M NaOH at 37 degrees C for 48 h, a marked loss of
      the glycine content has been encountered, besides the serine and threonine
      residues to which the carbohydrate units are linked. The chemical basis behind
      this phenomenon has been elucidated by amino acid analysis first of the major
      glycopeptides (carbohydrate-(O)Thr-Gly-Pro-Ser) derived from desialylated
      polysialoglycoproteins and subsequently six proline-containing peptides before
      and after treatment under similar conditions. It has thus been established that 
      Xaa-Pro- sequences are remarkably susceptible to reductive cleavage under such
      mild aqueous conditions. In view of the finding that the reductive cleavage of
      insulin B-chain, which contains a single proline residue adjacent and C-terminal
      to a threonine residue, led to about 80% loss of the threonine residue,
      deglycosylation with alkaline borohydride reagents warrants a special comment.
      The decreased amounts of serine or threonine residues cannot be related simply to
      the degree of glycosylation of these residues. The above results are therefore
      discussed in the relation to other work.

PMID- 6380411
TI  - Modification of alpha-crystallin subunit chains and formation of alpha-neoprotein
      molecules: role of SH groups.
AB  - Immunoadsorbents with bound antibodies restricted to determinants dependent on
      alpha-crystallin's quaternary structure permitted the fractionation of the
      population of 125I-labeled alpha-crystallin molecules, treated by iodoacetic
      acid, into molecules in which the native structure was still preserved and
      molecules with a completely different quaternary structure than the native
      protein. Parallel experiments with [14C]iodoacetic acid yielded information on
      the percentage of blocked SH groups in each of the above two fractions. The
      presence of molecules formed by A with B-chain association was established by
      sequential binding first to an immunoadsorbent with antibodies restricted to
      determinants located on alpha-crystallin's A-subunit chains as ligand and second,
      after desorption, to an immunoadsorbent with antibodies to B chains as ligand.
      With the aid of these techniques, it was established that (i) The modified alpha
      crystallin molecules with quaternary determinants of the native protein contained
      a maximum of 23% blocked SH groups, indicating that the carboxymethylation
      involved only the fast-reacting surface SH groups. (ii) The modified alpha
      crystallin molecules without the native protein's quaternary structure were built
      by a different association between A and B subunits than in alpha-crystallin,
      indicating formation of alpha-neoprotein molecules. (iii) Monomeric A chains with
      all SH groups carboxymethylated, and monomeric B chains in a ratio of 1A:5B,
      2A:1B, and 5A:1B in urea solution, associate on dialysis, forming alpha
      neoprotein molecules.

PMID- 6380412
TI  - Heterogeneous response of isolated adult rat heart cells to insulin.
AB  - 3-O-Methylglucose uptake by Ca2+-resistant adult rat heart cells in suspension
      was measured, free of artifactual inhibitor-insensitive uptake, and with an
      accuracy of +/- 1.9% pellet water. (Ca2+-resistant cells are cells which retain
      their original rod-shaped morphology in the presence of physiological levels of
      Ca2+.) High levels of insulin (10(-6) M) stimulated the rate of 3-O-methylglucose
      uptake approximately 10-fold. In the presence of low levels of insulin (3 X 10(
      11) M, 10(-10) M) uptake was biphasic; it could not be described by a single
      exponential function within experimental error, but required the sum of two
      exponentials. Deviation from a single exponential function was not so great with
      high levels of insulin (10(-6) M) or no insulin. Cell sugar uptake was also
      investigated using autoradiography of cells which had accumulated [2
      14C]deoxyglucose under similar conditions. This showed considerable heterogeneity
      of 2-deoxyglucose uptake by cells treated with low levels of insulin, but
      significantly less heterogeneity of 2-deoxyglucose uptake by cells treated with
      high levels of insulin. It is concluded that the deviation of 3-O-methylglucose
      uptake from a single exponential observed at low insulin levels can be accounted
      for in terms of a heterogeneous response of cells to insulin.

PMID- 6380413
TI  - The anabolic effects of insulin on type II collagen synthesis of Swarm rat
      chondrosarcoma chondrocytes.
AB  - The anabolic effects of insulin on collagen production of freshly isolated Swarm
      rat chondrosarcoma chondrocytes were investigated. The specific radioactivity of
      newly synthesized collagen was not increased by insulin, indicating that the
      hormone has no effect on the specific radioactivity of the aminoacyl tRNA pool.
      Results of further studies obtained from collagen degradation experiments
      demonstrated that insulin did not alter the rate of [3H]collagen degradation.
      Together, these results clearly indicate that insulin stimulates collagen
      biosynthesis. Polyacrylamide gel analysis of the newly synthesized collagen of
      both control and insulin-stimulated cells revealed a large-molecular-weight
      component which migrated with authentic alpha 1(II) collagen and was collagenase
      sensitive. Additional studies showed that, although insulin increased the
      processing and secretion of collagen, the hormone did not cause a shift in the
      distribution of the extracellular and intracellular collagen pools. Finally,
      results of studies conducted with the transcriptional inhibitor, actinomycin D,
      indicated that the anabolic effects of insulin on collagen and non-collagen
      proteins were mediated at a post-transcriptional site.

PMID- 6380415
TI  - Change in kinetic property of M1-type pyruvate kinase from hyperbolic type to
      sigmoidal type by limited proteolysis with an acid fraction from rabbit liver.
AB  - An acid extract of rabbit liver contained M1-type pyruvate kinase inactivating
      activity, and was separated to three fractions. The optimal inactivation of the
      enzyme with Fraction II (Mr 42,000) was observed at pH 5.5, and this inactivation
      was completely prevented by leupeptin and antipain, but not by pepstatin. With
      Fraction III (Mr 22,000), on the other hand, optimal inactivation of the enzyme
      was observed at pH 8-9, and was not prevented by these inhibitors. The kinetic
      properties, with phosphoenolpyruvate, of the enzyme were changed from hyperbolic
      type to sigmoidal type by the limited proteolysis with Fractions II and III. The
      subunit molecular weight of the enzyme (57,300) was decreased to 55,800 via
      56,400 in the former case and to 56,400 in the latter case.

PMID- 6380414
TI  - Purification of two forms of kanamycin acetyltransferase from Escherichia coli.
AB  - Kanamycin acetyltransferase acylates aminoglycoside antibiotics using acetyl-CoA,
      and thereby conveys bacterial resistance to several clinically important
      antibiotics, notably amikacin. The enzyme was quantitatively and reproducibly
      released from Escherichia coli W677 harboring plasmid pMH67 by a modified osmotic
      shock procedure (bacterial cells are incubated overnight in sucrose and again
      without sucrose before onset of osmotic shock). The enzyme was purified by dye
      ligand chromatography on Affi-Gel Blue in addition to antibiotic affinity
      chromatography on neomycin-Sepharose-4B. The activity did not increase with
      subsequent chromatography on ion-exchange, hydrophobic, or molecular-exclusion
      gels. However, both dye-ligand and molecular-exclusion chromatography, as well as
      disc-gel electrophoresis, separated the purified enzyme equally into two active
      protein fractions. Based on the more active of the two forms, the purification
      was 112-fold with a specific activity of 1.9 IU/mg. The less-active form has an
      unusual absorbance spectrum, with a maximum near 255 nm, which cannot be
      explained by the amino acid composition. Chromatography of this form alone
      regenerated both forms, suggesting that the enzyme is noncovalently conjugated to
      an uncharged chromophore, such as a lipid. The purified enzyme has a very sharp
      pH optimum at 5.5 with a plateau on the alkaline side, but is most stable between
      pH 8.5 and 9.5. Data from electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl
      sulfate and gel-filtration on Ultrogel AcA 44 are consistent with a tetrameric
      protein of 60-70,000 Da.

PMID- 6380416
TI  - The effects of insulin and glucose on the induction and intracellular
      translocation of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase.
AB  - The administration of insulin and glucose to young Sprague-Dawley rats (125-150
      g) resulted in changes in the intracellular distribution and in the turnover
      rates of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALAS) activity in the mitochondria
      and the cytosol. When starved, allylisopropylacetamide (AIA)-induced rats were
      injected with either insulin or glucose, the percentage of the total ALAS
      activity found in the cytosol increased from 27% in control animals to 33-40% in
      insulin-treated and 50% in glucose-treated rats. Similar increases of the ALAS
      activity in the cytosol were observed after insulin treatment of noninduced,
      starved animals. Glucose administration also repressed 25-40% of the AIA
      induction of ALAS as previously reported; however, this effect apparently was not
      a result of elevated insulin levels, since there was no observed repression of
      AIA induction after insulin administration. The effects of insulin and glucose on
      the turnover rates of ALAS activity in the mitochondria and in the cytosol were
      investigated by observing changes in the half-lives of ALAS activity in the two
      intracellular compartments. Administration of both insulin and glucose resulted
      in an increased half-life of ALAS activity in the cytosol from 20.8 to over 100
      min, while the mitochondrial half-life was not significantly changed. When
      insulin was given to either fed, AIA-induced or to starved, noninduced rats, the
      half-life of the cytosolic ALAS increased from about 14 to 40 min. In contrast to
      the starved, induced animals, the mitochondrial ALAS half-life in starved,
      noninduced animals decreased 50%. These results suggest that insulin and glucose
      treatment may inhibit the translocation of ALAS from the cytosol into the
      mitochondrial matrix.

PMID- 6380417
TI  - Cutaneous nonpulmonary Mycobacterium chelonei infection. Successful treatment
      with sulfonamides in an immunosuppressed patient.
AB  - A 52-year-old man, who had received immunosuppressive therapy for four years
      after renal transplantation, had a deep-set skin infection in his thigh caused by
      Mycobacterium chelonei. In vitro studies indicated that the organism was
      resistant to antimycobacterial agents but potentially sensitive to high-dose
      sulfonamide therapy. Repeated surgical excisions failed to eradicate the
      infection, as documented by histopathologic examination. The combination of a
      reduced dose of immunosuppressive medication and the administration of high-dose
      sulfonamide therapy resulted in clinical recovery.

PMID- 6380418
TI  - Tracing malformation syndromes with MEDLINE.

PMID- 6380419
TI  - Comparative toxicity of acephate in laboratory mice, white-footed mice, and
      meadow voles.

PMID- 6380420
TI  - Chronic disease in the workplace and the environment. Lung disease: lessons from
      the past--keys to the future.
AB  - A rich experience has provided specific and sensitive methods for identifying
      adverse effects of environmental agents. Many classic lessons have come from
      occupational health. We must now decide how to apply these to the unsolved
      problems of the prevalent chronic pulmonary diseases: asthma, chronic bronchitis
      (with small airway obstruction or obliteration), emphysema, and fibrosis. Current
      and potential exposure problems which should be investigated include fiberglass
      and other fibers, welding, solvents, and pesticides. The dilemma of personal vs.
      societal action needs to be resolved. An integrated strategy could provide quick
      warnings and initiation of studies for precise answers. Such strategy consists of
      workplace surveillance and networking of morbidity reporting, combined with
      observations across time which are collected in tandem with measurements of
      exposure. Some pilot studies and experiments are needed to perfect such a
      systematic program.

PMID- 6380421
TI  - Chronic disease in the workplace and environment: cancer.
AB  - The quest for the etiology and prevention of cancer has stimulated a vast
      frontier of scientific investigations concerning the biochemical and genetic
      mechanisms that control cell differentiation and proliferation. The contribution
      of cancer epidemiology to cancer prevention is in identifying risk factors,
      providing clues for understanding etiologic mechanisms, and in developing the
      scientific rationale for the effective application of preventive measures.
      Carcinogenesis involves a complex interplay of environment and heredity. If there
      is a unifying principle, it is that carcinogenesis is a multistage process. A
      common oncogenic pathway involves molecular activation of transforming genes.
      Various links with this pathway may be triggered by environmental and host
      factors. Transformation of a normal cell to a cancer cell represents a self
      perpetuating programming error. Normal cells may indeed harbor the seeds of
      transformation in the form of cancer genes. These cancer genes may be closely
      linked with the vital components of the genetic apparatus of a cell. The stage of
      initiation may involve the unveiling or derepression of cancer genes. However, it
      would be overly simplistic to assume that the activation of cellular oncogenes
      was the only aberration necessary and sufficient for malignant transformation.
      The proliferation of a clone of malignant cells involves the interaction of
      multiple factors. Promotional events are potentially reversible or modifiable.
      Herein lies a challenging path of research. Namely, through understanding of the
      dynamic events that affect tumor growth and host susceptibility, preventive
      strategies for reversing aberrant cellular proliferation will ultimately be
      developed and then subjected to rigorous experimental trial.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6380422
TI  - Advances in genetics and immunology: the importance of basic research to
      prevention of occupational diseases.

PMID- 6380423
TI  - Commentary: research on the mechanisms of the occupational lung diseases.

PMID- 6380425
TI  - Chronic disease in the workplace and the environment. Reproductive problems:
      fertility, teratogenesis, and mutagenesis.
AB  - While information on the toxic attributes of specific compounds is voluminous,
      most of it is inconclusive regarding the risks of reproductive problems.
      Observations that seem to suggest freedom from risk are often insufficient to
      conclude they are not due to chance, and when clinically outstanding effects are
      apparent, the number of observations is often so small that it is probable that
      their importance has been overestimated. This presentation focuses on the process
      rather than specific agents on the persons at risk, the types of exposures, the
      possible nature of the hazards, the factors which impinge on this risk, and
      finally, the additional information required to make risk estimation more
      precise. It seeks to identify strategies which will improve the quality of
      information routinely collected, address the mensurational problems associated
      with the estimation of exposures, and permit earlier recognition of the
      especially vulnerable.

PMID- 6380424
TI  - Research issues in occupational and environmental cancer.

PMID- 6380426
TI  - Clinical neurotoxicology: detection of neurobehavioral and neurological
      impairments occurring in the workplace and the environment.

PMID- 6380427
TI  - Cardiovascular disease and work place exposures.
AB  - The typical occupational cohort study includes all causes of mortality. However,
      emphasis is usually placed on the presence or absence of excess cancer mortality.
      A systematic review of completed occupational cohort studies to assess the
      findings and patterns of cardiovascular mortality would be useful. Although many
      of these studies will illustrate the "healthy worker effect" with deficits in
      mortality, particularly from cardiovascular causes, a thorough review should
      indicate certain exposures needing further research. A recently published study
      of heart disease mortality in the rubber industry illustrates the potential use
      of such a literature review with subsequent follow up. Production workers in the
      rubber industry have shown small excesses in CAHD mortality. A follow-up study at
      one plant confirmed the known association between carbon disulfide and
      atherosclerosis, as well as suggested two new causal associations between CAHD
      and the use of phenol and ethanol as solvents. What additional techniques can be
      used to generate hypotheses on heart disease and occupation? Some possibilities
      include: A recent article describes the use of the results of occupational
      disease surveillance systems for occupational cancer research. A review of such
      systems for heart disease would be equally useful. It would be useful to review
      the quality and quantity of occupational data that has been collected in
      prospective cohort studies, such as those in Framingham and Evans County. The
      importance of examining the association between occupational exposures and heart
      disease include: Assessing whether adequate protection is afforded by current
      limits on exposure to substances known to cause heart disease (carbon disulfide,
      nitrates, and carbon monoxide).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6380429
TI  - [Arterial complications in transplants].

PMID- 6380428
TI  - The work-relatedness of renal disease.

PMID- 6380430
TI  - [Candida infections of the urinary tract].

PMID- 6380431
TI  - The University of Alabama in Birmingham celebrates its fifteenth year of renal
      transplantation.

PMID- 6380432
TI  - Surgical correction of type I dissecting aortic aneurysm after renal
      transplantation.
AB  - While Type III dissecting aneurysms of the aorta in patients with renal
      transplants have been described, this report appears to represent the first
      successful replacement of the ascending aorta with correction of valvar aortic
      insufficiency in a patient with a Type I aortic dissection. The operative result
      and subsequent clinical course have been gratifying. On the basis of these
      findings an aggressive surgical approach is recommended for patients with this
      combination of conditions.

PMID- 6380434
TI  - Efficacy of crystalloid and colloid resuscitation on hemodynamic response and
      lung water following thermal injury.

PMID- 6380433
TI  - The use of stabilized human umbilical vein for femoropopliteal bypass. Experience
      with 133 operations with 5-year follow-up.
AB  - One hundred thirty-three femoropopliteal bypasses using stabilized human
      umbilical vein were performed in 116 patients during a 5-year period. The
      indications for operation were claudication in 35% and limb salvage in 65%. There
      were eight deaths in the postoperative period, all due to myocardial infarctions,
      and all occurring in patients operated upon for limb salvage. Patients operated
      upon for claudication had a cumulative patency rate of 83% at 1 year and 63.5% at
      5 years, while patients operated upon for limb salvage had patency rates of 66%
      and 50% at 1 and 5 years. Diabetics had a patency rate of 69% at 5 years. The
      quality of arteriographic runoff was the leading determinant of patency in all
      groups. Two instances of aneurysmal degeneration of the graft were seen, both 5
      years after implantation, and two graft infections were observed.

PMID- 6380435
TI  - The reception of new operations.

PMID- 6380436
TI  - Transfer factor in the treatment of carcinoma of the lung.
AB  - From 1976 to 1982, 63 patients with carcinoma of the lung underwent curative
      pulmonary resection, mediastinal lymph node dissection, and postoperative
      mediastinal irradiation when indicated. After operation, the patients were
      randomized by cell type and stage of disease into two groups. Beginning 1 month
      postoperatively, Group 1 patients (N = 28) received 1 ml of transfer factor that
      had been extracted from the blood of normal individuals. Subsequent doses were
      administered at 3-month intervals. Group 2 patients (N = 35) served as controls.
      There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to age,
      sex, extent of resection, histological cell type, or stage of disease. Twenty of
      the 28 treated patients were alive and free from disease from 7 to 77 months
      after treatment, whereas 17 of the 35 control patients were free from disease.
      The 1-year survival for Group 1 was 84% and for Group 2, 81%. The 2-year survival
      was 78% for Group 1 and 46% for Group 2 (p = 0.045). The survival rates by stage
      of disease were as follows: Stage I, 15 out of 17 or 88% in Group 1 and 15 out of
      23 or 65% in Group 2 (p = 0.097); Stages II and III, 5 out of 11 or 45% in Group
      1 and 3 out of 12 or 25% in Group 2 (p = 0.304). The results of the study suggest
      that the administration of transfer factor to patients who have undergone
      pulmonary resection for carcinoma of the lung can have a significant impact on
      the prolongation of life.

PMID- 6380437
TI  - Results with the two-patch technique for repair of complete atrioventricular
      septal defect.
AB  - From May, 1982, to September, 1983, 9 patients underwent repair of complete AV
      septal defect. They ranged in age from 11 months to 48 months and in weight from
      5.3 kg to 16.5 kg. Seven patients were 24 months old or less. Previous operations
      included pulmonary artery banding in 1 patient and ligation of a patent ductus
      arteriosus with repair of coarctation in another. All patients had large left-to
      right shunts (mean pulmonary to systemic flow ratio, 3.1), and the 7 young
      infants had marked pulmonary hypertension. Mitral regurgitation was absent in 2
      patients, mild in 3, moderate in 2, and severe in 2. One patient had the right
      ventricular dominant form of complete AV septal defect. In all instances, repair
      was done using separate ventricular and atrial patches. Leaflet tissue was not
      divided, and a trileaflet mitral valve was left in each patient. Eight patients
      survived operation and are well 3 to 17 months after repair. The single operative
      death occurred in the patient with right ventricular dominance. Only 1 patient
      has mild residual heart failure 4 months after operation. Clinically, mitral
      regurgitation is absent in 4 patients and, at most, mild in the other 4. No
      patient has a conduction disturbance. Repair of complete AV septal defect is
      facilitated by using separate patches for the ventricular and atrial components
      of the defect. Less distortion is created, and a more accurate reconstruction of
      a competent trileaflet mitral valve can be done.

PMID- 6380438
TI  - Total lymphatic irradiation and bone marrow in human heart transplantation.
AB  - Six patients, aged 36 to 59 years, had heart transplants for terminal myocardial
      disease using total lymphatic irradiation (TLI) and donor bone marrow in addition
      to conventional therapy. All patients were poor candidates for transplantation
      because of marked pulmonary hypertension, unacceptable tissue matching, or age.
      Two patients are living and well more than four years after the transplants. Two
      patients died of infection at six and seven weeks with normal hearts. One
      patient, whose preoperative pulmonary hypertension was too great for an
      orthotopic heart transplant, died at 10 days after such a procedure. The other
      patient died of chronic rejection seven months postoperatively. Donor-specific
      tolerance developed in 2 patients. TLI and donor bone marrow can produce specific
      tolerance to donor antigens and allow easy control of rejection, but infection is
      still a major problem. We describe a new technique of administering TLI with
      early reduction of prednisone that may help this problem.

PMID- 6380439
TI  - Oral manifestations of chronic graft-v-host disease.
AB  - Sixty patients were studied 180 to 500 days after allogeneic marrow
      transplantation to determine if late oral abnormalities were associated with the
      presence of chronic graft-v-host disease (GVHD). Lip and intraoral mucosal
      surfaces were evaluated for color, keratinization, atrophy, and erythema.
      Subjective complaints of oral pain and xerostomia were also recorded.
      Abnormalities were scored on a scale of 0 to 3 and tested for association with
      GVHD by chi 2 test. Oral manifestations most strongly associated with chronic
      GVHD included atrophy and erythema or lichenoid lesions of the buccal and labial
      mucosa and oral pain. Oral manifestations resembled several naturally occurring
      autoimmune disorders. Recognition of these changes can aid in the clinical
      diagnosis and assessment of established chronic GVHD.

PMID- 6380440
TI  - Quality of life and its predictors in patients with mild hypoxemia and chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - Measures of quality of life were obtained on 985 patients with mild hypoxemia and
      chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A subsample of 100 patients were
      also given extensive neuropsychological and personality tests. Mildly hypoxemic
      COPD patients showed impairment in quality-of-life activities. They showed less
      impairment in physical function, compared with previous studies on COPD patients
      with hypoxemia, but about equal impairment in psychosocial function and dysphoric
      mood. Nonrelated health changes in life do not seem to account for these
      findings. Degree of self-reported tension-anxiety was the single greatest
      predictor of both physical and psychosocial measures of quality of life. Level of
      exercise completed, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, and neuropsychological
      status were significantly related to physical limitations, but not psychosocial
      functioning. The Pao2 was not significantly related to quality-of-life measures
      in this patient group.

PMID- 6380441
TI  - Bacteremia in a long-term care facility. Spectrum and mortality.
AB  - One hundred episodes of bacteremia were studied in a primarily geriatric
      population. Gram-positive bacteremia accounted for 24% of all bacteremia (50%
      mortality rate), while gram-negative bacteremia accounted for 67% of bacteremia
      (25% mortality); 9% of all bacteremias were polymicrobial in nature (67%
      mortality). Overall mortality was 35%. The urinary tract was the most frequently
      identified tissue source (56%) followed by skin and subcutaneous tissue (14%) and
      respiratory tract (10%). Escherichia coli, Proteus species, and Klebsiella
      enterobacter group were the most common gram-negative organisms, Staphylococcus
      aureus was the most common gram-positive organism and together they accounted for
      approximately 75% of all bacteremia. Fifty percent of deaths occurred within 24
      hours of diagnosis of bacteremia, despite appropriate antibiotic therapy. This
      study may help to identify risk factors for bacteremia in elderly patients.

PMID- 6380442
TI  - Rifampin drug interactions.
AB  - Rifampin, an antituberculosis agent, is usually administered for nine to 12
      months with other antituberculosis drugs or drugs from other classes. A potential
      for drug interactions often exists because this drug is a potent inducer of drug
      metabolism. Rifampin causes a proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
      and an increase in the cytochrome P-450 content in the liver. Rifampin's enzyme
      induction effect is selective; therefore, it is not always clear which agents
      will be affected. Studies and case reports have demonstrated that rifampin
      accelerates the metabolism of several drugs, including oral anticoagulants, oral
      contraceptives, glucocorticoids, digitoxin, quinidine, methadone, hypoglycemics,
      and barbiturates. Rifampin interacts with other agents, but further study is
      needed to demonstrate the clinical importance of these interactions. In addition
      to inducing drug-metabolizing enzymes, rifampin may cause alterations in
      absorption and hepatic uptake. Future investigations will probably identify new
      rifampin drug interactions.

PMID- 6380443
TI  - Sclerosis of thyroid cysts.

PMID- 6380444
TI  - Role of submandibular glands and microgranular cells in experimental
      streptozotocin diabetes in the rat.

PMID- 6380445
TI  - Correlation between intestinal immune response to colonization factor antigen I
      (CFA/I) and acquired resistance to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhea in
      an adult rabbit model.

PMID- 6380446
TI  - Cancer immunotherapy by local transfer of autologous T lymphocytes cultured with
      T cell growth factor and autologous tumor extract: a clinical trial.

PMID- 6380447
TI  - Trazodone-oral cocaine interactions.
AB  - Depression and dysphoria can follow the long-term use of cocaine. Little is known
      about the interaction of antidepressant drugs with cocaine and similar stimulants
      in humans. The physiologic and subjective effects of an oral 2-mg/kg dose of
      cocaine hydrochloride were measured in eight healthy cocaine-using men after
      pretreatment with a single, 100-mg oral dose of the triazolopyridine
      antidepressant trazodone hydrochloride or placebo in a double-blind study. The
      cocaine-induced effects of increased BP, increased pupil size, and decreased skin
      temperature were diminished by trazodone pretreatment. Trazodone alone did not
      alter plasma epinephrine or norepinephrine levels. An increase in plasma
      epinephrine levels after cocaine administration was not altered by trazodone
      pretreatment, but the increase in the norepinephrine level was larger. Trazodone
      alone produced mild sleepiness. Cocaine-induced euphoria was not altered by
      trazodone pretreatment, although feelings of tension and shakiness after cocaine
      administration were diminished.

PMID- 6380448
TI  - Pain clinics: reassessment of objectives and outcomes.
AB  - A review of published reports on pain clinic programs was done in order to
      demonstrate the limitations of treatment goals which do not encompass the
      biologic, psychologic, and social aspects of pain rehabilitation. The reason for
      these limitations can be attributed to several factors, an important one being
      the lack of attention given to the patient's social situation. Since chronic pain
      is truly a biopsychosocial syndrome, it is recommended that treatment objectives
      include restoration of social functioning of the patient as much as pain relief
      or control of pain behavior.

PMID- 6380449
TI  - The suitability of coagglutination for the rapid bacteriological diagnosis of
      Vibrio cholerae 0:1.

PMID- 6380450
TI  - Detection of human antibody to influenza C virus by hemagglutination inhibition
      and single radial haemolysis tests.

PMID- 6380451
TI  - Quantitative evaluation of endotoxin in polymicrobial preparation (Polidin) and
      in subcellular fractions (membrane and ribosomal fractions) of Klebsiella
      pneumoniae.

PMID- 6380452
TI  - [Experimental infection of an indigenous strain of Anopheles atroparvus with
      imported species of Plasmodium].

PMID- 6380453
TI  - [Detection of circulating immune complexes by enzyme immunoassay. A basic study
      of C1q enzyme immunoassay and anti-C3 enzyme immunoassay using microplates].

PMID- 6380454
TI  - Effect of the calcium blocker, lanthanum, on bovine aortic smooth muscle cells in
      culture.
AB  - Smooth muscle cells harvested from fetal bovine aortic media were grown in
      subculture in Waymouth medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum for 14 days.
      Lanthanum (La3+), an inorganic Ca2+- blocker, was added in a concentration of 10(
      3) M to the medium. The cultured smooth muscle cells showed short-spindle-shaped
      or polygonal endothelial cell-like forms, keeping a monolayer of paving-stone
      pattern and reached the stationary phase. They stayed in a monolayer state until
      the end of the 14-day culture. By fluorescent staining with FITC-labelled anti
      factor VIII serum, the presence of factor VIII antigen, which is regarded as
      characteristic of endothelial cells in general, was demonstrated. When the medium
      was changed to the medium not containing La3+, the usual state of smooth muscle
      cells showing spindle-shaped multilayer proliferation was recovered, therefore
      demonstrating that this change is reversible.

PMID- 6380455
TI  - Apolipoprotein B localization in coronary atherosclerotic plaques from cynomolgus
      monkeys.
AB  - The presence of apolipoprotein B (apo B) was determined in atherosclerotic
      lesions of coronary arteries from cynomolgus monkeys placed on a
      hypercholesterolemic diet for one year. Immunofluorescence techniques were
      applied to sections of arteries that were fixed by perfusion with formalin and
      embedded in paraffin. Segments of right coronary, left anterior descending, and
      left circumflex arteries were observed. All segments demonstrated substantial
      intimal thickening, accompanied by areas of necrosis at the base of the plaque,
      usually located on the luminal side of the internal elastic lamina. Large
      clusters of foam cells could be found at the base of such plaques, between
      intimal smooth muscle cells in the fibromuscular cap, and frequently in the
      tunica media in regions of necrosis. Immunofluorescence depicting apo B was
      usually confined to the intima, especially in the necrotic core, but could also
      be seen in the media in regions in which the internal elastic lamina was missing.
      Apo B often filled the extracellular space between smooth muscle cells and groups
      of foam cells but was not identified in the cytoplasm of intact cells. Apo B
      positive areas were usually also positive for alcian blue staining, suggesting
      LDL-sulfated glycosaminoglycan coexistence at such sites. The localization
      pattern of apo B in lesioned coronary arteries from cynomolgus monkeys was
      consistent with that found in human coronary lesions, suggesting that diet
      induced hypercholesterolemia in such monkeys may be a valid model for studying
      the role of LDL in human atherogenesis.

PMID- 6380456
TI  - [Features of the fundal glands of the mammalian stomach and their relation to
      type of diet (morphometric analysis)].
AB  - According to a standartized technique, a morphometrical investigation of the
      stomach tunica mucosa (STM) has been performed in 11 practically healthy persons
      and 69 animals representing 4 orders and 9 femilies of Mammalia. In Mammalia,
      together with a principle similarity in the stomach microscopical structure,
      there is a great variety of main morphometrical parameters of the STM. The whole
      complex of these parameters is species-specific. It is determined by the systemic
      position of the given species and reflects the filogenetically-dependent
      nutritional specialization. The main mechanism and the filogenetically-dependent
      characteristic of adaptation to protein nutrition is an increase in the number of
      the main, but not the parietal glandulocytes. The dependence revealed gives a new
      interpretation to the problem concerning the relation between the structure and
      function of the STM in animals with different nutrition type; this dependence
      makes it possible to consider the problem of ulcerogenesis and its biological
      prerequisites in the man from new positions.

PMID- 6380457
TI  - [Cellular composition of hemopoietic tissue of the liver and spleen in the human
      fetus].
AB  - Cell composition has been studied in hepatic reprints of 76 human fetuses between
      6-27 weeks of development. Erythropoiesis predominates during the whole period of
      hepatic hemopoiesis. During 6-7 weeks primary erythroblasts make 1/4 of all
      erythroid cells, and by the 22d-27th weeks their content does not even reach
      1.5%. Content of neutrophilic leucocytes is 1-1.5%. Nondifferentiated blast cells
      make 2.9 +/- 0.5-1 +/- 0.1%. Their greatest amount is observed between 6-8 and 18
      and more weeks. The cell composition of the fetal spleen has been studied in 10
      fetuses 19-25-week-old. Lymphoid forms make 85%, of all cells of the organ's
      hemopoietic tissue, of them 2.9 +/- 0.4% are lymphoblasts, 0.3 +/- 0.1%-
      nondifferentiated blasts. The investigations studying colonyforming properties of
      the hematopoietic cells confirmed that the highest content of myeloid precursers
      in the fetal liver and spleen is noted between 9-21 weeks of age. Therefore, it
      is possible to expect the greatest effect of these organs' transplantation during
      this time.

PMID- 6380458
TI  - [Cell receptor-effector apparatus and its possible role in the historical and
      individual development of organisms].

PMID- 6380459
TI  - [Dynamics of tissue reactions after allotransplantation of a full-thickness skin
      flap in mice. Immunocompetent cells in the graft bed].
AB  - A full-thickness skin graft (2.5 X 1.5 sm) is transplanted from mice C3H to mice
      C57B1. During 284 h after the operation the number of lymphocytes, immunoblasts,
      plasmoblasts, young and mature plasmocytes in the graft bed fluctuates wavely, in
      some cases--with certain shifts in the phase. The dynamics of these elements
      number, five stages are revealed: for the first stage (from 76 up to 124-136 h) a
      sharp increase in the number of poorly differentiated cells is specific, this is
      replaced, during the second stage (from 124-136 up to 156-164 h), with a relative
      drop in their number; during the third stage (from 156-164 up to 204 h) the
      number of the immune-competent cells with various degree of differentiation
      reincreases; during the fourth stage (from 204 up to 254 h) maximal values in the
      number of all the elements studied, especially those of the cell-effectors, are
      noted; at the fifth stage (from 254 up to 284 h) the transplanted skin graft
      undergoes necrotization and is rejected. Owing to the data obtained it is
      possible to widen and consider more objectively the quantitative criteria in
      evaluating the post-transplantation tissue reactions, to follow the natural
      periodization of the graft rejection process.

PMID- 6380460
TI  - Autism: the case for left hemispheric damage.

PMID- 6380461
TI  - [Pathomorphology of experimental pseudotuberculous (Yersinia) arthritis].
AB  - Experimental pseudotuberculosis arthritis was reproduced by means of antigenic
      irritation of the knee joint in the presence of specific sensibilization.
      Pathomorphology is characteristic of the acute exudative-proliferative synovitis
      and periarthritis. The results obtained allow one to draw the conclusion on the
      infectious-allergic genesis of the joint involvement in pseudotuberculosis. The
      stages in the allergic responses of the synovial membrane with subsequent
      development of early and late immune inflammation are revealed.

PMID- 6380462
TI  - [Is pulmonary capillary wedge pressure an expression of left atrial pressure
      during mechanical respiration with positive pressure ventilation?].

PMID- 6380463
TI  - Recent advances in heart valve surgery.

PMID- 6380464
TI  - Penetrating keratoplasty.

PMID- 6380465
TI  - Incomitant vertical strabismus. Treatment with posterior fixation of the inferior
      rectus muscle.
AB  - Three patients with evidence of inferior rectus muscle paresis were surgically
      treated for diplopia in downgaze following blowout fracture of the orbit or
      operative trauma. In each case, surgery involved the placement of two posterior
      fixation sutures 13 or 14 mm behind the physiologic insertion of the inferior
      rectus muscle in the contralateral eye. In one case, posterior fixation was
      combined with a small inferior rectus muscle recession. All three patients
      experienced relief of their diplopia and improvement in their binocular field of
      vision. There were no untoward sequelae and no surgically induced changes in
      primary position alignment.

PMID- 6380466
TI  - Treatment of glaucoma using minidrops of clonidine.
AB  - A single regular (70 microL) or mini (15 microL) eyedrop of 0% (placebo), 0.25%,
      and 0.50% strengths of clonidine hydrochloride was administered to 16 patients
      with open-angle glaucoma in a double-masked crossover study. Both the regular
      drops and minidrops of 0.25% and 0.50% concentrations of the drug substantially
      lowered the intraocular pressure over a five-hour period as compared with the
      placebo. Only the regular drops of 0.50% clonidine substantially lowered the
      systemic BP. These results indicate the value of using a smaller volume of
      clonidine drop as an ocular hypotensive agent to avoid systemic effects.

PMID- 6380467
TI  - Psychosocial characteristics of candidates for the prospective evaluation of
      radial keratotomy (PERK) study.
AB  - The National Eye Institute Prospective Evaluation of Radial Keratotomy (PERK)
      Study is a multicenter clinical trial for the evaluation of radial keratotomy.
      This article describes the questionnaire data collected on PERK patients and
      compares them with a similar group of myopic persons studied during the Rand
      Health Insurance Experiment (heretofore referred to as the Rand study). The PERK
      patients are young, white myopes who dislike being dependent on corrective lenses
      but perceive themselves to be more visually impaired than do comparable Rand
      study myopes. Most female subjects and a plurality of the male subjects have
      tried contact lenses and quit wearing them mainly because use of the lenses was
      inconvenient or bothersome. There is no evidence that patients are
      psychologically or socially deviant. Both male and female subjects expressed a
      fear of being without vision and cited impatience with the lenses as their major
      motivation for wanting surgery.

PMID- 6380469
TI  - [Speech audiometry for French Canadians].
AB  - A critical review of speech tests intended for French-Canadian adults is
      undertaken. Special attention is paid to equivalent forms and concurrent validity
      of existing speech discrimination lists. Current dissyllables used for the
      determination of speech threshold are scrutinized with regard to their
      homogeneity. Finally, clinical utility and interpretation of this material are
      discussed.

PMID- 6380468
TI  - Effect of aspirin and salicylate on platelet-vessel wall interactions in rabbits.
AB  - We performed studies to examine the mechanism responsible for the
      antithrombogenic effect of aspirin in experimental animals. We measured the
      effect of 10 and 100 mg/kg doses of aspirin, salicylate, or a combination of both
      on the accumulation of radiolabeled platelets onto injured carotid arteries in
      rabbits. The effects of these agents on thrombogenicity measured as platelet
      accumulation onto injured carotid arteries, were correlated with the ability to
      inhibit platelet thromboxane A2 and vessel wall prostacyclin synthesis. We found
      that a low dose of aspirin significantly inhibited platelet accumulation onto the
      injured vessels, while a high dose reversed this effect. Thromboxane A2 and
      prostacyclin production, however, were maximally inhibited in rabbits given
      either aspirin dose. The reversal of the antithrombotic effect of the low dose of
      aspirin by a high dose of aspirin was simulated by administering a combination
      dose of high-dose salicylate and low-dose aspirin. We concluded that the reversal
      of the antithrombotic effect of a 10 mg/kg dose of aspirin by a higher dose of
      aspirin could not be explained solely by the inhibition of PGI2 synthesis and was
      affected by the salicylate moiety of aspirin.

PMID- 6380471
TI  - Immunofluorescence localization of pancreatic polypeptide hormone in the pancreas
      of foetal and adult sheep.
AB  - Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) immunoreactive cells were demonstrated in the
      pancreas of foetal and adult sheep by immunofluorescence histochemistry. These
      observations provide evidence that in the sheep the pancreas is a major site of
      production of the hormone and that PP may be physiologically important in foetal
      life.

PMID- 6380470
TI  - The potential bronchodilator action of verapamil.
AB  - Although calcium antagonists such as verapamil are used primarily in
      cardiovascular disease, they appear to relax smooth muscle generally. Therefore,
      the possibility that verapamil might have bronchodilator properties was explored
      using the guinea-pig tracheal ring technique. Verapamil was found to produce
      considerable tracheal smooth muscle relaxation from a threshold concentration of
      2 X 10(-7) M and with maximum effect at 10(-3) M. The responses to the
      contractile agonists histamine and prostaglandin F2 alpha and especially
      methacholine and serotonin were substantially reduced by prior administration of
      verapamil. Verapamil 2 X 10(-4) M was equally effective as isoprenaline 10(-8) M
      in producing 50% maximum direct relaxation but was more effective than
      isoprenaline as an antagonist of the contractile agonists, methacholine,
      histamine and serotonin, but not prostaglandin F2 alpha. Verapamil abolished the
      contractile responses to barium chloride. It is concluded that, although
      verapamil was not very potent as a direct bronchodilator, it could potentially be
      of prophylactic benefit in asthma because of its efficacy as an antagonist of
      common contractile agonists.

PMID- 6380472
TI  - Hypertension is a myth; high(er) arterial pressure is the problem.

PMID- 6380473
TI  - Newer aspects of regulation of human granulocyte function.
AB  - The regulation of granulocyte function by cell-derived factors is emphasised in
      this review. The most important of these cell-derived factors belongs to a class
      of substances known as colony stimulating factors (CSF) so named because they
      stimulate the maturation of progenitor cells into clumps or "colonies" of mature
      cells. CSF mediated regulation of granulocytes is likely to be important for the
      two reasons (i) the site of CSF production can determine the site of granulocyte
      activation and (ii) the type of CSF produced can determine the type of
      granulocyte activated. Blood mononuclear cells were found to be a good source of
      granulocyte activating material suggesting that interaction between these two
      cell types is important in vivo. The potential clinical use of CSF-like
      substances is discussed.

PMID- 6380474
TI  - Alcohol and ischemic heart disease: a review.
AB  - Evidence from epidemiological studies suggests that consumption of alcohol at
      moderate levels might be protective against IHD. The alcohol-IHD relationship
      appears to be U-shaped, so that the risk of IHD associated with moderate levels
      of alcohol consumption is lower than that for abstainers and heavy drinkers.
      However, the effects of alcohol upon the risk of IHD must be examined in the
      context of its overall effects upon health. When this is done, the potential
      benefits are not clear-cut. This paper reviews the epidemiological evidence
      relating to the alcohol-IHD association, considers the mechanisms by which
      alcohol might exert its effects upon IHD risk, and suggests some avenues for
      future research in this area.

PMID- 6380475
TI  - Reactive arthritis.
AB  - Although sometimes used to refer to any sterile arthritis occurring in
      association with infection, the term 'reactive arthritis' is better reserved for
      arthritis following sexually acquired nonspecific urethritis or enteric
      infections with organisms such as Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia and
      Campylobacter, because these arthropathies are unified by a number of shared
      clinical characteristics and an association with HLA B27. This review suggests
      that these arthropathies may also share a common pathogenic pathway, triggered by
      an ' arthritogenic factor' common to the diverse microbes which cause the disease
      and modified by genetic factors other than HLA B27. Although uncommon, reactive
      arthritis is important because it could provide the key to understanding the
      other seronegative arthropathies and mechanisms basic to chronic inflammatory
      synovitis.

PMID- 6380476
TI  - Wound infection following renal transplantation.
AB  - A retrospective survey of wound infection following renal transplantation in 100
      consecutive patients after the introduction of pre-operative antibiotic
      prophylaxis is reported. There was one wound haematoma but no wound infection in
      the 100 primary transplant wounds, and one haematoma which was followed by
      secondary infection in the 23 patients in whom transplant nephrectomy was
      performed. There were no other major wound complications. It is concluded that
      careful surgical technique and antibiotic prophylaxis can virtually eliminate the
      potentially grave complication of wound infection in this high risk group of
      patients.

PMID- 6380477
TI  - Odontoid fractures, systemic disease and conservative care.
AB  - Patients admitted to the Prince Henry Hospital Spinal Unit between January 1982
      and January 1983 with a diagnosis of fracture of the odontoid process of the axis
      were reviewed. There were nine patients representing 20% of all new cervical
      fractures. The mean age was 64.5 +/- 19.3 years. Alcoholism, brain damage
      following head injury, osteo-arthritis, cervical spondylosis, rheumatoid
      arthritis and osteoporosis may be complicating factors in the management of
      odontoid fractures. A fracture of the odontoid in an elderly patient with a
      history of minimal trauma suggests osteoporosis. Early mobilization in a custom
      moulded orthosis with frequent radiological monitoring prevents the complications
      of prolonged bed rest.

PMID- 6380478
TI  - 'Firebreak' grafts in Dupuytren's contracture.
AB  - The empirical observation that Dupuytren's Contracture does not recur beneath a
      skin graft is applied as a means of controlling recurrent Dupuytren's Disease. In
      those patients with a strong inherited diathesis to the production of Dupuytren's
      Contracture, recurrence may occur or even by anticipated, and the placement of a
      skin graft strategically at a flexion crease is shown to act as a 'firebreak'
      between areas of potential flare-up of recurrent Dupuytren's Disease.

PMID- 6380479
TI  - Interposition vein cuff for anastomosis of prosthesis to small artery.
AB  - This paper reports the use of a vein cuff to facilitate the anastomosis of a
      prosthetic graft to a small artery. This technique makes it easier to perform a
      good anastomosis and may improve the chances of long-term patency.

PMID- 6380480
TI  - Rotavirus in perspective--a personal view.

PMID- 6380481
TI  - Survival after prolonged persistent pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - We report an infant with prolonged persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPH) who
      failed to respond to various mechanical and pharmacological therapies but who
      showed spontaneous improvement at 13 days of age. We therefore stress that
      assisted ventilation should be continued in PPH without major structural cardiac
      or pulmonary abnormality or ongoing iatrogenic complications, as recovery may
      occur at any time.

PMID- 6380482
TI  - Non-organic failure to thrive.
AB  - Non-organic failure to thrive is a clinical diagnosis which should be considered
      in parallel with other causes of failure to thrive in infants. It has not been
      resolved as to whether the condition is due to a lack of stimulation or to
      deprivation of calories, although both these factors, as well as a contribution
      from the child in some cases, are likely to be responsible. There is no typical
      profile of the parent whose child develops non-organic failure to thrive. The
      condition can occur in all social classes but is more common in situations of
      poverty, poor marital relationships, chaotic family lifestyle and when there is a
      history of deprivation in the parents' own childhood. Although the majority of
      these children eventually show catch-up growth, long-term follow-up studies show
      a high incidence of emotional and cognitive problems. Treatment should go beyond
      nutritional rehabilitation in the hospital and should include practical,
      supportive help for the mother together with measures to improve the level of
      stimulation and the quality of interpersonal relationships for the child.

PMID- 6380483
TI  - Peer review: a review of the literature on the American experience 1972-1982.
AB  - The literature on peer review since its establishment by law in the United States
      of America in 1972 is examined. Important lessons for Australian psychiatrists
      and health care administrators emerge. The Professional Standards Review
      Organisations have been a costly bureaucratic exercise and the results have been
      doubtful in terms of cutting health costs. It is suggested that other mechanisms
      be explored in Australia particularly continuing education of practising
      psychiatrists.

PMID- 6380484
TI  - Mental disorder and dangerousness.
AB  - Psychiatrists are called upon to make judgements on the future dangerousness of
      mentally disordered subjects in civil commitment procedures, in the criminal
      courts, and during the decision process on the release of offenders on
      indeterminate sentences or committals. The ability of psychiatrists to make these
      judgements is increasingly under challenge. The difficulties of making useful
      predictions when the base rate for the event to be predicted is low, is now well
      recognised. Less obvious are the problems attendant upon making socially useful
      predictions on psychiatric grounds in populations with a high base rate for
      future offending. The evidence pertaining to the level of violence amongst the
      mentally disordered is reviewed. The lesson to be drawn from the empirical
      evidence is that mental abnormality of and in itself contributes little to the
      prediction of the predisposition to act violently. The question remains as to
      whether there are definable groups or classes within the generality of mentally
      abnormal individuals for whom there is an increased risk of future violence. It
      would be compatible with both the research studies and common clinical impression
      if the mentally abnormal contained subgroups with unusually violent
      predispositions balanced by larger groups with less than average propensities to
      aggression. The literature is largely inadequate to delineate such high risk
      groups with the degree of certainty ideally needed to instruct clinical
      decisions, but does suggest that such groups exist and are capable of further
      empirical definition.

PMID- 6380485
TI  - Effects of methylphenidate in normal adults with reference to drug action in
      hyperactivity.
AB  - Methylphenidate was administered to each of 12 adult volunteers in a double
      blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study for purposes of comparison with
      previous studies in hyperactive children. Statistically significant changes
      occurred only on a minority of measures, but the results were generally in the
      direction of facilitated performance, reduced physical activity and increased
      emotional responsivity. As these results are similar to those in hyperactive and
      normal children, this appears to support the contention that stimulant drug
      effects in hyperactive children are not paradoxical or atypical.

PMID- 6380486
TI  - Effects of positive end expiratory pressure and counterpressurization on
      circulating prostaglandins in the dog.
AB  - The effects of the application of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP)
      ventilation, with and without body counterpressure (CP), on circulating
      prostaglandin-like substances (PGL) were studied in chloralose anesthetized dogs.
      The normal respiratory movements were paralysed with succinylcholine chloride.
      Arterial levels of PGL were continuously bioassayed using Vane's blood
      superfusion method. PEEPs of 10 and 20 mm Hg elicited PEEP-related increases in
      functional residual capacity and circulating PGL levels and decreases in blood
      pressure, left ventricular dP/dt, and heart rate. The PGL appeared to be PGE or
      prostacyclin in character. When PEEP and CP were simultaneously applied, the
      increments or decrements of indices described above were reduced. It is concluded
      that increases in the levels of circulating PGL are attributable, at least in
      part, to hyperexpansion of the lungs during PEEP and that some of the
      cardiovascular deterioration observed during and after PEEP may be the result of
      the vasodilating and cardiodepressing effects of PGL.

PMID- 6380487
TI  - The adaptability rating for military aeronautics: an historical perspective of a
      continuing problem.
AB  - Healthy candidates for military flying training may vary considerably in their
      ability and in their motivation to fly. A variety of tests are used to predict
      flying ability, but motivation may be assessed only through such subjective
      measures as a semi-structured interview. This paper reviews the historical
      background of such interviews in the U.S. Army and the U.S. Air Force, and
      suggests some possible improvements.

PMID- 6380488
TI  - The United States Air Force medical service: tumultuous years of heritage and
      history.

PMID- 6380490
TI  - Multiparameter studies on 650 bone marrow biopsy cores. Diagnostic value of
      combined utilisation of imprints, cryostat and plastic sections in medical
      practice.

PMID- 6380489
TI  - Exposure in vivo vs applied relaxation in the treatment of blood phobia.

PMID- 6380491
TI  - Chromosome mapping in cattle using mouse myeloma/calf lymph node cell hybridomas.
AB  - A study correlating the presence of bovine isozymes in mouse myeloma/calf
      hybridomas with specific banded chromosomes of their bovine complement has
      enabled tentative assignments to be made of the bovine isozyme locus for
      peptidase C (PEP C) to chromosome 5 and the syntenic group lactate dehydrogenase
      B/peptidase B (LDH B/PEP B) to chromosome 19. There was some evidence for the
      association of LDH A with one of the last seven small pairs (23-29) of the
      complement and of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD 1) with chromosome 13.

PMID- 6380492
TI  - Isolation of unselected mutants of alkaline phosphatase in Escherichia coli
      through nitrosoguanidine comutation and comparison with natural variants.
AB  - We have devised a general procedure to isolate enzymatic variants without
      selecting or screening for related phenotypic peculiarities of the organism. A
      high mutation rate at phoA, the structural gene for alkaline phosphatase, is
      found among N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced proC revertants of
      Escherichia coli. About 1.6% of such revertants lack alkaline phosphatase, and
      many others exhibit altered enzyme parameters. Three mutants studied in detail
      had full enzyme activity but differed from the wild type in electrophoretic
      mobility, thermostability, and, in one case, optimum pH for enzyme activity. Four
      other phosphatase variants were discovered in a survey of 50 natural E. coli
      isolates; their electrophoretic mobility and thermostability were different from
      those of the wild type. Natural and induced enzyme variants are similar enough to
      suggest the absence of strong selective pressures in natural populations.

PMID- 6380493
TI  - Three alcohol dehydrogenase genes in wild and cultivated barley: characterization
      of the products of variant alleles.
AB  - Barley (Hordeum vulgare) and its wild progenitor (H. spontaneum) have three loci
      for alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1; ADH). The Adh1 locus is constitutively
      expressed in seed tissues, whereas expression of the loci Adh2 and Adh3 requires
      anaerobic induction. The Adh3 gene is well expressed in aleurone and embryo
      tissues kept under N2 for 2-3 days. Using N2-treated embryos, a diverse
      collection of H. spontaneum was screened in starch gels for electrophoretic
      variants at the Adh3 locus. Four variants were found: two were conventional
      mobility variants (Adh3 S, Adh3 V); one was a null variant (Adh3 n); and the
      fourth (Adh3 I) variant lacked active homodimers and showed reduced heterodimer
      activity. The 35S-labeled monomers induced under N2 in the lines homozygous for
      Adh1, Adh2, or Adh3 variants were immunoprecipitated with antiserum raised
      against maize ADH. Fluorography after separation by SDS-PAGE and by urea
      isoelectric focusing indicated that the Adh3 n allele was CRM- and that the Adh3
      I gene product was smaller than normal. The Adh1 and Adh3 variants showed
      independent segregation.

PMID- 6380495
TI  - Rapid optimization of immunoadsorbent characteristics.
AB  - Immunoaffinity chromatography is employed in many research areas. We have
      developed an assay system that overcomes some of the tediousness and uncertainty
      in dealing with immunoadsorbents (IA). The preparation of IA and the effect of
      various procedures on the dissociation of antigen-antibody complex and the
      regeneration of IA are rapidly screened by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis in
      the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. Non-covalently bound proteins are
      dissociated and separated during the electrophoresis from IA beads. A wide
      variety of associative and dissociative conditions can be tested on small amounts
      of IA. Information about biospecifially and non-biospecifically adsorbed proteins
      can also be obtained. By using relatively small volumes of media containing
      either an antigen or another biospecific molecule, the optimal parameters for
      affinity chromatography (specificity, binding capacity, efficiency of solvents in
      dissociation of the complex and their effect on the adsorbent), or even for ion
      exchange chromatography, can be determined without first performing several time-
      and material-consuming chromatographic experiments.

PMID- 6380494
TI  - Biosynthesis of microvillar proteins.

PMID- 6380496
TI  - The rate of substrate cycling between fructose 6-phosphate and fructose 1,6
      bisphosphate in skeletal muscle.
AB  - Substrate cycling of fructose 6-phosphate through reactions catalysed by 6
      phosphofructokinase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase was measured in skeletal
      muscles of the rat in vitro. The rate of this cycle was calculated from the
      steady-state values of the 3H/14C ratio in hexose monophosphates and fructose 1,6
      bisphosphate after the metabolism of either [5-3H,6-14C]glucose or [3-3H,2-14C]
      glucose. Two techniques for the separation of hexose phosphates were studied;
      t.l.c. chromatography on poly(ethyleneimine)-cellulose sheets or ion-exchange
      chromatography coupled with enzymic conversion. These two methods gave almost
      identical results, suggesting that either technique could be used for
      determination of rates of fructose 6-phosphate/fructose 1,6-bisphosphate cycling.
      It was found that more than 50% of the 3H was retained in the fructose 1,6
      bisphosphate; it is therefore probable that previous measurement of cycling
      rates, which have assumed complete loss of 3H, have underestimated the rate of
      this cycle. The effects of insulin, adrenaline and adrenergic agonists and
      antagonists on rates of fructose 6-phosphate/fructose 1,6-bisphosphate cycling
      were investigated. In the presence of insulin, adrenaline (1 microM) increased
      the cycling rate by about 10-fold in epitrochlearis muscle in vitro; the maximum
      rate under these conditions was about 2.5 mumol/h per g of tissue. The
      concentration of adrenaline that increased the cycling rate by 50% was about 50
      nM. This effect of adrenaline appears to be mediated by the beta-adrenergic
      receptor, since the rate was increased by beta-adrenergic agonists and blocked by
      beta-adrenergic antagonists. From the knowledge of the precise rate of this
      cycle, the possible physiological importance of cycling is discussed.

PMID- 6380497
TI  - Analysis of collagen types synthesized by rabbit ear cartilage chondrocytes in
      vivo and in vitro.
AB  - This study compares the collagen types present in rabbit ear cartilage with those
      synthesized by dissociated chondrocytes in cell culture. The cartilage was first
      extracted with 4M-guanidinium chloride to remove proteoglycans. This step also
      extracted type I collagen. After pepsin solubilization of the residue, three
      additional, genetically distinct collagen types could be separated by fractional
      salt precipitation. On SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate)/polyacrylamide-gel
      electrophoresis they were identified as type II collagen, (1 alpha, 2 alpha, 3
      alpha) collagen and M-collagen fragments, a collagen pattern identical with that
      found in hyaline cartilage. Types I, II, (1 alpha, 2 alpha, 3 alpha) and M
      collagen fragments represent 20, 75, 3.5, and 1% respectively of the total
      collagen. In frozen sections of ear cartilage, type II collagen was located by
      immunofluorescence staining in the extracellular matrix, whereas type I collagen
      was closely associated with the chondrocytes. Within 24h after release from
      elastic cartilage by enzymic digestion, auricular chondrocytes began to
      synthesize type III collagen, in addition to the above-mentioned collagens. This
      was shown after labelling of freshly dissociated chondrocytes with [3H]proline 1
      day after plating, fractionation of the pepsin-treated collagens from medium and
      cell layer by NaCl precipitation, and analysis of the fractions by
      CM(carboxymethyl)-cellulose chromatography and SDS/polyacrylamide-gel
      electrophoresis. The 0.8 M-NaCl precipitate of cell-layer extracts consisted
      predominantly of type II collagen. The 0.8 M-NaCl precipitate obtained from the
      medium contained type I, II, and III collagen. In the supernatant of the 0.8 M
      NaCl precipitation remained, both in the cell extract and medium, predominantly 1
      alpha-, 2 alpha-, and 3 alpha-chains and M-collagen fragments. These results
      indicate that auricular chondrocytes are similar to chondrocytes from hyaline
      cartilage in that they produce, with the exception of type I collagen, the same
      collagen types in vivo, but change their cellular phenotype more rapidly after
      transfer to monolayer culture, as indicated by the prompt onset of type III
      collagen synthesis.

PMID- 6380498
TI  - Photoaffinity labelling of methyltransferase enzymes with S-adenosylmethionine:
      effects of methyl acceptor substrates.
AB  - Radioactivity from 3H-[methyl]-S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) was covalently
      bound to protein-O-carboxylmethyltransferase and phenylethanolamine N
      methyltransferase following 10-15 min irradiation by short-wave ultraviolet
      light. This photoaffinity binding of 3H-[methyl]-AdoMet was blocked by S
      adenosylhomocysteine and sinefungin, but was not affected by 5 mM dithiothreitol.
      The binding was also inhibited by including methyl acceptors such as calmodulin
      (protein-O-carboxylmethyltransferase) or phenylethanolamine (phenylethanolamine N
      methyltransferase) in the photoaffinity incubation. Staphlococcus V8 protease
      digests of 3H-[methyl]-AdoMet/enzyme complexes revealed that the primary
      structure around the AdoMet binding site is different in these two enzymes. Thus,
      protein-O-carboxylmethyltransferase, a large molecule methyltransferase, can
      covalently bind 3H-[methyl]-AdoMet in a manner similar to that of
      phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase.

PMID- 6380499
TI  - Conformational aspects of angiotensinogen analogues with renin inhibitory
      activity.
AB  - Linear and cyclic peptides containing the His6-Pro7-Phe8-His9 sequence of renin's
      substrate (angiotensinogen) have been shown to be effective competitive
      inhibitors of the enzyme. Calculations and comparison of low energy structures
      for these peptides give support to the existence of a beta-turn-like structure
      involving the His-Pro-Phe-His region of the renin substrate and of the
      competitive inhibitors containing that sequence. This structure may be regarded
      as a possible "inhibition conformation", occurring in the process of binding to
      renin.

PMID- 6380500
TI  - Stimulation of phospholipid methylation by glucose in pancreatic islets.
AB  - A two fold stimulation in the incorporation of [3H-methyl] groups from [3H
      methyl] methionine into phospholipids was seen in intact pancreatic islets within
      six minutes of exposure to a glucose concentration that stimulates insulin
      release. Nonstimulatory sugars, L-glucose and D-galactose, as well as dibutyryl
      cAMP, did not affect phospholipid methylation in islet cells. A calcium channel
      blocker, verapamil, inhibited methylation. These studies suggest that the signal
      for glucose-induced insulin release could involve phospholipid methylation.

PMID- 6380502
TI  - Vascular serotonin receptors. Correlation with 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 binding sites.

PMID- 6380501
TI  - Inhibition of peptidyltransferase and possible mode of action of a dipeptidyl
      chloramphenicol analog.
AB  - A dipeptidyl chloramphenicol analog, D-threo-2-(L-phenylalanylglycyl)amino-3-p
      nitrophenyl-1,3- propanediol, has been prepared and examined as an inhibitor of
      ribosomal peptidyltransferase. The analog is a more effective inhibitor of poly
      (U,C) directed protein biosynthesis in an Escherichia coli cell-free system than
      chloramphenicol and shows inhibitory activity equal to the parent antibiotic in
      the transpeptidation reaction. These results and the common structural features
      of puromycin and this compound suggest a model for the binding modes of
      chloramphenicol and chloramphenicol analogs. This proposal invokes four major
      binding pockets at the A-site of the peptidyltransferase center.

PMID- 6380503
TI  - Rate-determining factors for ethanol metabolism in fasted and castrated male
      rats.
AB  - The effects of castration and fasting upon the alcohol elimination rate, liver
      alcohol dehydrogenase (LADH) maximum activity (Vmax), and hepatic concentrations
      of ethanol, acetaldehyde, and free NADH during ethanol oxidation were examined in
      male Wistar rats. Castration increased the Vmax of LADH and, to a lesser extent,
      the alcohol elimination rate in vivo. On the other hand, fasting reduced the Vmax
      of LADH and the alcohol elimination rate in sham-operated and castrated rats but
      it did not nullify the effect of castration. Castration produced small but
      significant changes in the hepatic concentrations of ethanol, acetaldehyde and
      free NADH in fed rats during ethanol oxidation. Fasting also caused significant
      increases in the concentration of free NADH during alcohol oxidation in both the
      sham-operated and castrated groups. The ratio of the steady-state velocities of
      LADH in situ to the maximum velocities of LADH (v/Vmax) under the different
      experimental conditions was calculated by using the steady-state rate equation
      for the enzyme mechanism of rat LADH and its kinetic constants. The calculated
      v/Vmax ratios were 50-62%, indicating that LADH activity was limited to about the
      same extent by its substrates and products under these conditions and that the
      changes in alcohol elimination rates produced by fasting and castration mainly
      reflected changes in the Vmax of LADH. The calculated steady-state velocities in
      situ (v) were 14-28% lower than the measured rates of alcohol elimination in
      vivo. The extent of agreement is probably acceptable in view of the assumptions
      needed to determine the free NADH concentration in liver and the existence of non
      LADH-related processes for alcohol elimination in vivo.

PMID- 6380504
TI  - Quantitation of human synovial mast cells in rheumatoid arthritis and other
      rheumatic diseases.
AB  - We examined sections of synovial membranes from 14 patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis (RA), 7 with other rheumatic diseases, and 10 with no apparent joint
      disease. Patients with RA and other rheumatic diseases had significantly more
      synovial mast cells/vessel than patients with no joint disease (0.49 and 0.20,
      respectively, versus 0.03). They also had significantly more total mast cells/10
      fields than patients with no joint disease (9.9 and 5.0, respectively, versus
      0.4). Within the rheumatoid group, patients with active disease had more total
      mast cells/10 fields than patients clinically considered to have end-stage
      disease (P less than 0.05). Synovial basophils were not identified in any
      patient. Synovial vascularity was similar for all groups (2.3 vessels/field). The
      role of the synovial mast cell in RA and other rheumatic diseases remains to be
      determined.

PMID- 6380505
TI  - Antibodies to vimentin intermediate filaments in sera from patients with systemic
      lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and from healthy subjects
      were tested, using immunofluorescence and blotting techniques, for the presence
      of antibodies to intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton of human skin
      fibroblasts. Both techniques showed that antibodies to intermediate filaments
      were found in a higher proportion of sera from patients (53%) than healthy
      subjects (9%). The antigen target was found to be the protein band that
      corresponded to vimentin (Mr 57,000).

PMID- 6380507
TI  - Reflections on the elusive mystery of our discipline/profession.

PMID- 6380506
TI  - Acute antihypertensive effect of nifedipine by sublingual route in cases with
      clinically severe systolic hypertension. A study up to 4 h after administration.
AB  - In a multi-center study, nifedipine (Bay a 1040, Adalat) (10 mg capsule) was
      administered, in liquid form and via sublingual route, to 22 cases who were
      diagnosed to have clinically severe systolic hypertension, and the depressor
      effect of the treatment was studied over a period of 4 h. In patients of
      "emergent" admission (cerebral hemorrhage n = 8, cerebral thrombosis n = 4,
      subarachnoid hemorrhage n = 1, renal failure n = 6, essential hypertension n =
      3), 3 bouts of blood pressure measurement at intervals of 10-15 min during the
      control period were carried out. In case of systolic blood pressure higher than
      200 mmHg, at least one time, nifedipine at a dose of 10 mg was sublingually
      administered. Thereafter, blood pressure and pulse rate were recorded at
      intervals of 15 min up to the end of the first one hour, then at intervals of 30
      min up to the end of 4 h. Results were as follows. In terms of the average values
      for all cases, blood pressure fell to near lowest levels by the end of about 30
      min after the administration and it stayed at near lowest levels up to the end of
      120-240 min. During this period of time, pulse rate remained substantially
      unchanged. In terms of the pattern of the blood pressure fall, all cases could be
      classified generally into two types, namely (a) the "dip" group (7 cases) in
      which blood pressure fell to the lowest level to form a "dip" and remained below
      the control level, although it showed a trend to return to control level for 4 h
      and (b) the "flat" group (15 cases) in which blood pressure declined gradually
      for about 1 h and, then, remained low or below the control level, although it
      showed a trend to return to control level throughout the rest of the observation
      period of 4 h.

PMID- 6380508
TI  - Salaries in the speech-language pathology and audiology profession.

PMID- 6380509
TI  - Effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on serum high density lipoprotein
      cholesterol in rabbits.
AB  - The effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on serum lipids was examined in
      rabbits. LPS was prepared from the smooth Salmonella typhimurium LT2 strain and
      given intravenously at a dose of 100 ng/kg b.wt. There were no significant
      changes in serum triglyceride or cholesterol levels in 1-3 days after the
      administration of LPS. There was, however, a decrease in serum high density
      lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, which was greatest after 2 days (P less than
      0.001). Simultaneously, the HDL/total cholesterol ratio decreased (P less than
      0.005).

PMID- 6380510
TI  - Correlations of aortic histology with gross aortic atherosclerosis and metabolic
      measurements in diabetic and nondiabetic Macaca nigra.
AB  - We studied the aortic histology of 28 Macaca nigra males and females, from 6 to
      more than 20 years old, normal and manifesting various degrees of spontaneous
      diabetes. Correlations of several metabolic and hormonal indicators of diabetes
      severity with gross and microscopic findings in the aortas demonstrated direct
      associations with the severity of atherosclerosis. Mild to relatively severe
      aortic lesions were present. These monkeys showed many changes similar to those
      observed in medium and large arteries of diabetic humans. Intimal proliferation,
      prominent extracellular fibers as part of the intimal thickening, and lipid
      deposition--mostly in extracellular locations--were particularly evident.
      Significant relationships were observed when glucose clearance, insulin
      secretion, and fasting glucose levels were correlated with all aortic microscopic
      findings. Cholesterol concentrations had no correlation with the histological
      state of the aortas, and triglyceride levels correlated only with aortic lipid
      content and intimal thickness. Aortic pathologic changes increased with age;
      diabetics had significantly greater changes than nondiabetics. Macaca nigra can
      be useful in the study of how diabetes affects the development of atherosclerosis
      without the influence of an atherogenic diet.

PMID- 6380511
TI  - Kidney transplantation does not halt the progression of secondary complications
      of insulin dependent diabetics. An open question.

PMID- 6380512
TI  - Viral hepatitis.

PMID- 6380513
TI  - Fluorescence of Mycobacterium leprae.

PMID- 6380514
TI  - Cutaneous malignant melanoma.

PMID- 6380515
TI  - Immunofluorescence in dermatology.

PMID- 6380516
TI  - Fever in the patient with cancer. Pathophysiology and the initial evaluation and
      management.

PMID- 6380517
TI  - [Organization of the Museum of Nursing of Puerto Rico].

PMID- 6380518
TI  - [Reflection with maturity. A historical description of the purpose and origin of
      the capping ceremony].

PMID- 6380519
TI  - [Gingival fluid and inflammation of the gums].

PMID- 6380520
TI  - [Prospects for the elaboration of an anti-adhesive vaccine against Escherichia
      coli strains causing diarrhea in humans. 2].

PMID- 6380521
TI  - [Post-enteritis diarrhea syndrome: current etiopathogenic aspects].

PMID- 6380522
TI  - Angiotensin III-induced dipsogenic and pressor responses in rodents.
AB  - Subcutaneous injections of [des-Asp1]-angiotensin I [( des-Asp1]-AI), angiotensin
      II (AII), and angiotensin III (AIII) induced drinking in the laboratory rat and
      the South American rodent Octodon degus, but not in the gerbil. In a second
      experiment, pretreatment with captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme
      inhibitor, prevented the endogenous conversion of subcutaneously injected [des
      Asp1]-AI to AIII and prevented drinking in rats and degus. The pharmacological
      artifact of hypovolemia caused by angiotensin-induced increases in vascular
      permeability was not observed in members of these species. In a final experiment
      blood pressure changes resulting from subcutaneous injections of AII and AIII in
      rats and gerbils were measured. Significant pressor elevations were seen
      following the administration of both analogues, although AII was more potent.
      These results demonstrate that AIII is dipsogenic in rats and degus and serves as
      a pressor agent in rats and gerbils. No ready explanation is available for the
      gerbil's relative lack of dipsogenicity to the presently tested angiotensins.

PMID- 6380523
TI  - A hospital epidemic caused by a multiple antibiotic resistant Klebsiella
      pneumoniae: implication of a conjugative R plasmid.
AB  - A R-plasmid of about 65 X 10(6) Md was found in several Klebsiella pneumoniae
      strains, responsible for an outbreak at the Lancisi Cardiological Hospital in
      Ancona. This plasmid was self-transferable and carried a "core" of resistance
      markers to ampicillin, carbenicillin and streptomycin; to this "core" the
      resistance markers to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, kanamycin and gentamicin can
      individually link, without appreciable changes in the molecular weight. We think
      that these Klebsiella pneumoniae strains are a potential reservoir of plasmid
      mediated antibiotic resistance.

PMID- 6380524
TI  - Detection of antibodies to Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 by indirect
      immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
AB  - Indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect serum
      antibodies against Legionella pneumophila serotype 1 were compared. A very good
      agreement was found with the great majority of serum samples (85.07%). For
      detecting high antibody levels and rise in antibody titres, both methods seem to
      be suitable, however for the detection of relatively low antibody titres, very
      important in epidemiological studies, enzyme immunoassay could be more accurate.

PMID- 6380525
TI  - [Anti-Legionella pneumophila antibody titers in blood from children and adults
      with lung diseases of unknown etiology].
AB  - 175 sera from children and 101 sera from adults both with respiratory illness of
      unknown origin were collected between September 1980 and February 1983 and
      studied by using the indirect immunofluorescence test for Legionnaires' disease.
      By using the criteria of the Center for Disease Control for a positive (fourfold
      increase in titer over 128 during convalescence) or presumptive (single titer
      greater than or equal to 256) serological test, 8 samples from adults (7.92%) and
      11 samples from children (6.27%) gave a positive result. These results suggest
      that the frequency of Legionnaires' disease is similar in both adults and
      children.

PMID- 6380526
TI  - The legionellosis.
AB  - Following the discovery of Legionella pneumophila as the cause of an epidemic of
      pneumonia at an American Legion Convention in Philadelphia, a group of related
      bacteria were recognized as additional human pathogens. This newly established
      bacteria genus, Legionella, includes the agents of Legionnaires' Disease,
      Pittsburgh pneumonia and several related infections. A number of researches have
      been performed in the past few years about these bacteria; many of these data are
      here summarized to give an idea of the most important characteristics of
      Legionella and of the diseases they cause.

PMID- 6380527
TI  - The seed for a dream: M. Adelaide Nutting.

PMID- 6380528
TI  - 50 years ago--blazing the trail.

PMID- 6380529
TI  - Interaction of insulin with the plasma membrane.

PMID- 6380533
TI  - [Progress of the Japanese Society of Pediatric Neurology in the past quarter of a
      century].

PMID- 6380530
TI  - Advantages and disadvantages of studies with vesicles on the cellular mechanisms
      in epithelial transport.

PMID- 6380531
TI  - [In memory of Prof. Agostino Trevisane].

PMID- 6380534
TI  - Government regulation of the integrity of the food supply.

PMID- 6380535
TI  - Dietary intake and bioavailability of fluoride.
AB  - After almost 40 years of water fluoridation in the United States, its effect in
      the food chain is now being appreciated. Current surveys indicate significant
      increases in the F content of infant formulas, toddler cereals, fruit juices, and
      popular beverages, largely because fluoridated water is used in their processing.
      According to the best estimates, the daily total F intake of children from foods,
      beverages including water, and other sources such as unintentional ingestion of
      dentifrices containing F is on the rise, although it is generally within the
      currently accepted range for this age group. It is encouraging to note that
      appropriate steps are now being taken by some manufacturers of infant formulas to
      monitor F levels and keep them within an acceptable range. Because of the
      increasing contribution of dietary F to total F intake, dietary F should be
      included in any estimate of daily total F intake in children before F supplements
      are prescribed, whether the children live in communities with fluoridated or
      nonfluoridated water. To achieve this goal, it is essential to develop a
      generally accepted, sensitive method for the analysis of F in foods and
      beverages. This should help develop the bioavailability profiles for individual
      foods and beverages essential for accurate assessment of dietary F intake.
      Fluoridated salt, used in some European countries, appears to be the only food
      ingredient currently in use as an alternative to water fluoridation. Attempts to
      utilize staple foods and beverages as vehicles for systemic F delivery have
      generally failed because of the decreased bioavailability of F in such products,
      and because it is difficult to make them available to the general population and
      especially to the lower socioeconomic segments of the population.

PMID- 6380536
TI  - An update of concepts of essential amino acids.

PMID- 6380537
TI  - Effects of nutritive factors on metabolic processes involving bioactivation and
      detoxication of chemicals.

PMID- 6380539
TI  - Branched-chain amino acid metabolism.

PMID- 6380540
TI  - Vitamin B6 metabolism.

PMID- 6380538
TI  - The function and metabolism of vitamin K.
AB  - Since the discovery of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid a decade ago, great progress
      has been made in advancing our knowledge of the function and metabolism of
      vitamin K. The distribution of this new amino acid in proteins of diverse origin
      and the presence of the vitamin K-dependent carboxylase in diverse tissues have
      emphasized the widespread significance in biology of a new triad: vitamin K, Gla,
      and calcium. New knowledge has been obtained on the importance of the utilization
      and reutilization of vitamin K, whose body pools are extremely low for a fat
      soluble vitamin, for the posttranslational carboxylation of peptide-bound
      glutamate residues in the vitamin K-dependent proteins. The regulation of the
      activation of the vitamin K-vitamin K-epoxide cycle by drugs and nutrients
      appears to be the key to controlling the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent
      proteins, eight of which are involved in blood coagulation. The purification of
      the vitamin K-dependent gamma-glutamyl carboxylase has turned out to be a more
      formidable task than anyone had imagined. Many of the questions about its
      complicated mechanism, utilizing as it does four substrates (KH2, O2, CO2, and a
      Glu-containing peptide), cannot be answered until the enzyme is homogeneous.
      Basically, the vitamin K-dependent carboxylase system consists of a specialized
      microsomal electron transport system coupled to a carbon dioxide fixation. The
      reaction does not require ATP but apparently utilizes the energy of vitamin KH2
      oxidation to perform the chemical work required in Gla synthesis. Why a quinone
      is employed in this system when other mechanisms exist for CO2 fixation is still
      mysterious unless the whole process goes by one electron transport. Whether the
      final CO2 addition to the gamma-methylene group of glutamic acid is a radical
      reaction is unsettled. Since this enzyme is an intrinsic membrane-bound protein,
      the scientific attack on its structure and function is at one of the present
      frontiers of molecular biology. A view of the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent
      proteins in the RER is shown in Figure 9. Finally, the nutritional requirements
      for vitamin K in humans are unknown. An unknown fraction of vitamin K in humans
      is derived from menaquinone biosynthesis in the intestinal flora. Contributions
      from diet and biosynthesis have not yet been quantitated. Sensitive HPLC methods
      for measuring plasma phylloquinone are now available, and related methods for
      measuring long-chain menaquinones can be developed.

PMID- 6380541
TI  - Calcium and osteoporosis.
AB  - It has become increasingly apparent that the pathogenesis of osteoporosis is
      complex, poorly understood, and ill-defined. Calcium deficiency and/or calcium
      malabsorption and the homeostatic response to this biological insult may
      ultimately prove to be one of the pivotal factors in conditioning or modulating
      the skeletal response to senescence. Until we know more about the prevention and
      potential reversibility of age-related changes in bone cell function, hormonal
      secretion and metabolism, and dietary patterns that prove deleterious to skeletal
      health, clinicians will be confronted with an ever-increasing population of
      aging, fracture-prone, osteoporotic patients. Because calcium supplements improve
      the calcium balance of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women and because
      improvements in calcium balance can be correlated with increased skeletal mass,
      it appears desirable to focus our efforts on diets and/or calcium supplements
      that guarantee an adequate supply of this essential mineral. Because calcium
      replacement may simply retard bone resorption and may not restore bone already
      lost by the fracture-prone, osteoporotic female, dietary analyses and appropriate
      modification of calcium intakes should be made at least in the third and fourth
      decades of life, with the goal of retarding the inexorable loss of skeletal
      tissue as early as possible.

PMID- 6380543
TI  - [Immunohistochemical study of ischemic neuronal damage with antiserum to tubulin,
      a microtubular protein].
AB  - The limitation of conventional histological methods to demonstrate ischemic
      change of neurons in early phase has been a major drawback in histopathological
      and pathophysiological studies of cerebral ischemia. Cellular metabolism is
      disturbed immediately after cessation of the regional circulation and rapid
      alterations in macromolecular and ultrastructural integrity in neurons may take
      place before any evidence of histopathological changes could be detectable. To
      demonstrate ischemic change of neurons more sensitively on a histological level,
      we applied immunohistochemical method using antiserum to tubulin, a protein of
      microtubules. As this organelle has been implicated in several important cellular
      functions such as control of cell shape, intracytoplasmic transport of materials
      or synaptic transduction, immunohistochemical alterations in microtubules may
      indicate structural as well as functional damage of neurons. In order to study
      the ischemic change in neurons, the posterior communicating artery of a gerbil
      brain was occluded by the method previously reported by us, and the hippocampus,
      which is one of the most vulnerable structures of the brain to ischemia, was
      observed. Five or 30 minutes after occlusion, animals were sacrificed by
      decapitation. Brains were removed, cut coronary vessels and fixed in ethanol
      acetic acid (95:5). Tubulin used for this study was extracted from normal gerbil
      brains and specific antiserum was raised in goats Peroxidase-antiperoxidase
      method was performed on paraffin sections. Immunohistochemical distribution of
      tubulin in a normal gerbil brain demonstrated by the present method was in good
      accordance with the reported electronmicroscopical distribution of
      microtubules.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6380544
TI  - Management of the older patient.

PMID- 6380542
TI  - Nutrition of the domestic cat, a mammalian carnivore.
AB  - From the foregoing discussion of the nutritional requirements and some of the
      metabolic anomalies of the cat, it is clear that the cat is adapted to eating a
      carnivorous diet. It may, however, have less capability than omnivores and
      herbivores to adapt to wide ranges in dietary composition. For example, the lack
      of ability to synthesize sufficient vitamin A from carotene, ornithine from
      glutamic acid, arachidonate from linoleate, and taurine from cysteine results
      from a complete deletion or severe limitation of the enzyme or pathway that makes
      each nutrient. Other nutrient requirements, such as the absolute requirement for
      niacin and the high protein requirement, appear to result from the high activity
      of one or more enzymes and the fact that these enzymes are not adaptive in the
      cat. For example, the cat cannot decrease picolinic carboxylase in order to force
      tryptophan toward the niacin-synthetic pathway (244) nor can it decrease the urea
      cycle enzymes when dietary protein is decreased in the diet in order to conserve
      nitrogen (209). Indeed, the cat appears to have less capability to adapt to most
      changes in dietary composition because it cannot change the quantities of enzymes
      involved in the metabolic pathways (209). This evolutionary development has
      resulted in more stringent nutritional requirements for cats than for omnivores
      such as the rat, dog, and man. What little evidence exists for other carnivore
      species leads us to suggest that this pattern may well be common among other
      strict carnivores. The metabolic differences between the cat and omnivores
      provide the researcher with a useful animal model for studying the biochemical
      basis of some nutrient requirements. For example, because there is no significant
      conversion of linoleate to arachidonate in cat liver (101, 150, 231), the
      physiological functions of linoleate can be determined independent of it having a
      role as a precursor of arachidonate (150). This has not been possible with other
      species. It is anticipated that further studies of the nutrition of the cat will
      increase our understanding of metabolic adaptation and nutrient functions.

PMID- 6380545
TI  - Resin bonded fixed partial dentures. A review.

PMID- 6380546
TI  - Diagnostic casts provide valuable information in the diagnosis and treatment
      planning phases of partial denture design.

PMID- 6380547
TI  - Successful porcelain margin using platinum foil.

PMID- 6380548
TI  - Metalloceramic technique applied to partial denture construction.

PMID- 6380549
TI  - Prophylaxis of primary ventricular fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction.
      The case against lignocaine.

PMID- 6380550
TI  - Intrapericardial haematic cyst. A rare form of left superior vena cava atresia.
AB  - A 21 month old infant was found to have an intrapericardial haematic cyst at
      operation. This rare entity may be explained by a pouch-like dilatation of an
      atretic left superior vena cava.

PMID- 6380551
TI  - Local anaesthetic drugs--an historical perspective.

PMID- 6380552
TI  - The 1984 Walter Hubert lecture. Activation of transforming genes in neoplasms.
AB  - Cellular oncogenes have been identified by the biological activity of tumour DNAs
      in transfection assays and/or by homology to the transforming genes of
      retroviruses. In some tumours, the biological activity, organization or
      expression of these genes is altered, suggesting that such alterations contribute
      to the development of neoplastic disease. Experiments leading to the
      identification of cellular oncogenes are reviewed and our current understanding
      of the mechanisms by which they induce transformation of cells in culture and may
      contribute to the pathogenesis of neoplasms in vivo is discussed.

PMID- 6380553
TI  - The immunocytochemical detection of axillary micrometastases in breast cancer.
AB  - The histological detection of tumour metastases in axillary lymph nodes from
      cases of breast carcinoma is of major prognostic significance, but may be
      difficult when metastases are of microscopic size. We have therefore investigated
      whether immunohistological techniques can increase the accuracy of metastasis
      detection in axillary lymph nodes. Forty-five cases of breast carcinoma were
      studied, in all of whom the axillary lymph nodes had been reported as free of
      metastases. Paraffin sections from these cases were stained by immunoenzymatic
      techniques, using monoclonal antibodies directed against human milk fat globule
      membrane antigen ("anti-EMA") and against epithelial intermediate filaments
      ("anti-keratin"). In 4/12 cases of lobular carcinoma and in 3/33 cases of ductal
      carcinoma, previously unsuspected micrometastases were revealed by
      immunohistological staining, representing an overall increase in detection rate
      of 15% (and of 33% for the lobular carcinoma cases). In addition to this group of
      45 histologically "negative" biopsies, 12 samples were studied in which only a
      proportion of the nodes had been reported as containing tumour. In 5 of these
      cases immunostaining revealed previously undetected metastases. These findings
      suggest that immunohistological analysis may have a routine role to play in the
      staging of breast carcinoma. It is noted that the 15% increase in diagnostic
      accuracy achieved in the present study is comparable to the proportion of breast
      carcinoma patients in whom disseminated disease develops despite their axillary
      lymph nodes being reported as tumour-free at the time of surgery.

PMID- 6380554
TI  - A comparison of two doses of tamoxifen (Nolvadex) in postmenopausal women with
      advanced breast cancer: 10 mg bd versus 20 mg bd.
AB  - In a comparative double-blind trial involving 263 postmenopausal women with
      advanced breast cancer treated with tamoxifen, the mean objective tumour response
      rate and duration was 32% and 15 months respectively. No significant difference
      was found in clinical response and adverse effects between those randomised to 10
      mg and those to 20 mg twice daily. Although the mean serum concentration of
      tamoxifen in the 20 mg bd group was significantly higher no correlation between
      serum level and clinical benefit was demonstrated.

PMID- 6380555
TI  - Twenty-fifth annual general meeting of the British Association for Cancer
      Research. Abstracts of invited and profferred papers.

PMID- 6380556
TI  - Consumption of monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody by neoplastic B lymphocytes: a
      guide for immunotherapy.
AB  - A quantitative analysis in vitro of events which might occur on administration of
      mouse monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody to a recipient with a B cell neoplasm
      has been made. The L2C leukaemic cells of guinea pigs, which closely resemble
      those of human lymphoma in expression and metabolism of immunoglobulin have been
      used as a model. Exposure of neoplastic B cells to antibody results in rapid
      binding of approximately 420,000 molecules of antibody per cell at saturation,
      and the amount consumed does not increase markedly over the next 4 h of exposure
      at 37 degrees C. This is in spite of the fact that secretion of idiotypic IgM
      continues unaffected by the presence of antibody, and reflects the fact that the
      amount of IgM secreted during this period is low compared to the amount displayed
      on the cell surface. If cells undergo lysis, however, the antibody consumed is
      approximately doubled: thus a recipient with an estimated tumour load of 10(12)
      cells would require 200 mg of monoclonal anti-idiotype for binding to surface and
      intracellular antigen. The effect of the soluble idiotypic IgM found in serum on
      the ability of antibody to bind target cells has been examined by means of the
      fluorescence activated cell sorter. Access of antibody to the cells is
      efficiently blocked by competing idiotypic IgM in the fluid phase, with no
      indication of preferential binding to cell surface idiotype. Immunotherapeutic
      doses should be designed therefore to overcome this additional antigenic load in
      secreting tumours, which form the majority of B cell neoplasms.

PMID- 6380557
TI  - Effect of bacterial endotoxin on body temperature, plasma zinc and plasma
      concentrations of the acute-phase protein serum amyloid p component in mice.
AB  - Bacterial endotoxin and lipid A evoked dose-dependent increases in body
      temperature and plasma SAP concentrations and dose-dependent falls in plasma zinc
      concentrations in mice. The respective sensitivities of the three variables to
      lipid A or to whole endotoxin had the relation SAP greater than Zinc much greater
      than body temperature; zinc and SAP responses were evoked by less than 1 ng lipid
      A/endotoxin. Pretreatment with indomethacin prevented only the temperature
      response to lipid A. Pretreatment with dexamethasone did not affect the
      temperature response but diminished the zinc response and enhanced the SAP
      response to lipid A.

PMID- 6380559
TI  - In vitro complement activation by antinuclear antibodies in the epidermis from
      patients with systemic sclerosis.
AB  - Skin biopsies from twenty-one systemic sclerosis patients with significant serum
      fluorescent antinuclear antibody (FANA) titres (more than 1:40) were examined by
      direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and by in vitro immunofluorescent complement (C)
      activation (C + DIF). Eight patients showed epidermal nuclear ANA deposits by
      DIF. In vitro complement activation was achieved in epidermal nuclei from all
      eight patients. In addition, one patient with diffuse scleroderma revealed a
      dense speckled, and two patients with the CREST syndrome a discrete speckled,
      epidermal nuclear staining pattern by C + DIF. The latter two patients showed
      high titres of anticentromere antibody in their sera. We consider that the C +
      DIF findings of these two patients with the CREST syndrome reflect binding of
      serum anticentromere antibodies to their antigens in vivo.

PMID- 6380560
TI  - Expression of differentiation antigens in benign sweat gland tumours.
AB  - Fifty benign sweat gland tumours were studied for the expression of
      carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and apocrine epithelial antigen (AEA), using
      immunohistochemical methods. CEA was found in thirty-two and AEA in thirty-three
      neoplasms. Both antigens were located in the epithelium of the luminal structures
      and in the intraluminar material and CEA was occasionally found also in
      proliferating cells. Co-expression of CEA and AEA occurred frequently in cases of
      syringoma, syringocystadenoma papilliferum, hidradenoma papilliferum, eccrine
      spiradenoma and clear cell hidradenoma. AEA was seen also in tumours showing
      eccrine differentiation, even though it is not present in normal eccrine sweat
      ducts.

PMID- 6380558
TI  - A new glomerular antigen in passive Heymann's nephritis.
AB  - Within 20 min after i.v. injection or unilateral renal perfusion of rabbit anti
      rat proximal tubular brush border antigens (RARFAXIA) into rats, fluorescence
      microscopy (FM) demonstrated rabbit IgG (RIgG) in a linear fashion along the
      endothelial region of the glomerular capillary walls. This finding was confirmed
      by immuno-electron microscopy (IEM) which revealed the presence of reaction
      product on the plasma membranes of the endothelial cells. Between 8 h and 26 days
      following i.v. injection of RARFXIA, granular subepithelial deposits of RIgG were
      demonstrated by FM and IEM, and the endothelial localization seen at earlier time
      periods was no longer present. In the later time periods after loss of RIgG from
      the endothelial region, a second injection of RARFXIA did not result in binding
      of IgG to this site suggesting loss of the antigen or impairment in antigen
      antibody binding affinity. Evidence for depletion of endothelial binding antibody
      from the circulation was derived from passive transfer experiments, in which sera
      were harvested from rats either 20 min or 48 h following i.v. injection of
      RARFXIA-I125. When equivalent doses of these sera were perfused into kidneys of
      normal rats, minimal glomerular binding was demonstrated with sera obtained at 20
      min, but no binding to the capillary wall was observed with sera obtained at 48
      h. These observations demonstrate that immediately after the induction of passive
      Heymann's nephritis (PHN) with the complex polyclonal antibody to FXIA, an
      antigen-antibody reaction occurs along the endothelial region of the glomerular
      capillary and that later in the course of the disease in vivo, antibody binding
      to this site is abrogated. The relationship of this early event to the ultimate
      development of subepithelial deposits is unknown. This reaction may be a source
      of immune complexes which migrate through the glomerular basement membrane (GBM)
      or the early binding of the antibody to an endothelial antigen(s) may result in
      altered permeability of the glomerular capillary allowing other antibodies to
      find their putative antigen(s).

PMID- 6380561
TI  - Bullae in skin grafts.
AB  - We describe eight patients with grafted leg ulcers, in whom subepidermal bullous
      lesions appeared after 4-8 weeks either at the donor or the grafted site. The
      blisters were seen in the centre as well as just outside the graft. They remained
      for some days and then disappeared. Histology revealed a normal epidermis and a
      dermis with a moderate lymphocytic infiltration around the capillaries. No
      clinical signs of pemphigoid were found and friction does not seem to have been a
      contributing factor. We have at present no explanation for the appearance of the
      blisters.

PMID- 6380562
TI  - Bullous pyoderma gangrenosum and multiple myeloma.
AB  - The previously unrecorded association of superficial bullous pyoderma and IgG
      producing multiple myeloma is described. A rapid response of the cutaneous
      manifestations was achieved by treatment of the malignant paraproteinaemia.

PMID- 6380563
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a survey of the
      European Group for Bone Marrow Transplantation (E.G.B.M.T.).
AB  - Between 1979 and 1982, 192 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia were given
      allogenic bone marrow transplants from HLA-identical siblings. Data on 57
      patients transplanted in first remission were compared with the results in 96
      patients transplanted in second remission, and 39 in third or subsequent
      remission. The majority of these patients were of the non-B non-T-ALL and T-ALL
      subtypes. The 2-year actuarial survival for non-B non-T-ALL was 58% for patients
      transplanted in first remission, 34% for second remission patients and 33% for
      patients transplanted in third or subsequent remission (P = 0.60). For patients
      with T-ALL, the survivals at 2 years for first and second remission transplant
      patients were 61% and 10%, respectively (P = 0.04). Multifactorial analysis
      demonstrated a significantly higher probability of survival for patients grafted
      in first remission (compared with more advanced remission states) and with bone
      marrow from young (age less than or equal to 20 years) donors. The 2-year
      actuarial risk of relapse for patients with non-B non-T-ALL transplanted in first
      remission was 0%, 32% and 69% for second and third or subsequent remission
      patients, respectively (P = 0.04). For T-ALL the actuarial risk of relapse at 2
      years is 10% for first remission grafts and 48% for second remission grafts (P =
      0.07). Only patients (with both non-B non-T/and T-ALL) transplanted in first
      remission have a high and stable probability of remaining in remission.

PMID- 6380564
TI  - A randomized controlled trial of cervical cerclage in women at high risk of
      spontaneous preterm delivery.
AB  - The effect of cervical suture on pregnancy outcome was studied in 194 women with
      a high risk (approximately 30%) of having a late abortion or a preterm delivery.
      The women were randomly allocated either to have a cervical suture inserted (n =
      96) or to be managed without a suture (n = 98). There was no evidence that
      cervical cerclage either prolonged gestation or improved survival. Patients
      allocated to receive cerclage spent significantly longer in hospital, even when
      the period of admission for insertion was excluded. The patients in the cerclage
      group were more likely to receive tocolytic drugs, and more of them experienced
      puerperal pyrexia, although these differences between the groups were not
      statistically significant.

PMID- 6380565
TI  - Multicentred controlled trial of cervical cerclage in women at moderate risk of
      preterm delivery.
AB  - A total of 506 women at moderate risk of preterm delivery were randomly allocated
      to either cervical cerclage or a control group. Significantly more women in the
      group allocated to cerclage were admitted to hospital for reasons other than the
      operation and more received oral tocolytic drugs. There were also more caesarean
      sections and more preterm deliveries in the women allocated to cerclage although
      the differences between the two groups were small and not statistically
      significant.

PMID- 6380566
TI  - Midtrimester amniocentesis: is it safe? A single centre controlled prospective
      study of 517 consecutive amniocenteses.
AB  - The outcome of pregnancy following amniocentesis was studied prospectively in 517
      consecutive patients undergoing amniocentesis in a single centre. The outcome in
      289 of these pregnancies was compared with that in 289 control patients strictly
      matched for social class, age and parity. There were no significant differences
      in fetal loss, perinatal mortality or vaginal bleeding between the amniocentesis
      and control groups. There were significantly more congenital abnormalities in the
      amniocentesis group (P less than 0.01). These appear to be associated with the
      amniocentesis procedure and not with the occurrence of raised maternal serum
      alpha-fetoprotein levels. Although there was an increased risk of preterm
      delivery (P less than 0.02) there was no significant difference in the
      distribution of birthweights by centiles for gestational age between
      amniocentesis and control groups. There was a significant association between
      intrauterine growth retardation and raised serum alpha-fetoprotein (P less than
      0.005). It is concluded that where the indications are strong, amniocentesis
      continues to be justified.

PMID- 6380567
TI  - Amniotic fluid and midtrimester amniocentesis: a review.
AB  - The potential risks of midtrimester amniocentesis resulting from the loss of
      amniotic fluid are reviewed. Amniotic fluid fulfils important functions in fetal
      well-being, but its replacement time after amniocentesis is not known. A review
      of experimental amniocentesis in animals suggests risks to limbs and structural
      changes in fetal lungs. In humans, orthopaedic abnormalities and respiratory
      difficulties appear to be a risk of amniocentesis, and studies addressing these
      risks are also reviewed. Continued investigation of risks from fluid loss at
      midtrimester amniocentesis is recommended.

PMID- 6380569
TI  - Operative management of vaginal vault prolapse following hysterectomy.
AB  - Nine women suffering from vaginal vault prolapse had an abdominal sacropexy
      between 1972 and 1983. Marlex mesh was used to anchor the vaginal vault to the
      promontory of the sacrum and was completely buried retroperitoneally. The women
      had all had previous attempts at surgical correction. There were no intra- or
      post-operative complications. No recurrences of vault prolapse occurred during a
      mean follow-up period of 3.9 years. One woman developed a moderate cystocoele 4
      years after sacropexy.

PMID- 6380568
TI  - Ovarian function after renal transplantation: comparison of cyclosporin A with
      azathioprine and prednisone combination regimens.
AB  - Ovarian function was assessed in 24 women after renal transplantation who were
      treated either with cyclosporin A (10 patients) or with a combination of
      azathioprine and prednisone (14 patients) as immunosuppressive therapy. The
      different regimens were not associated with any differences in clinical or
      endocrine indices of ovarian function (LH, FSH, prolactin, testosterone,
      oestradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate). Excessive hair growth was common in
      both treatment groups. Levels of testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone were
      higher in cyclosporin-treated women but this was due to prednisone-induced
      suppression of adrenal androgen output in the azathioprine- and prednisone
      treated women. Excessive hair growth was present in postmenopausal women on both
      treatments suggesting that hypertrichosis is a consequence of renal
      transplantation and is not a specific side-effect of cyclosporin A therapy.

PMID- 6380570
TI  - Syntheses of biotinylated and dethiobiotinylated insulins.
AB  - The 600-MHz proton spectrum of dethiobiotin (prepared from d-biotin with Raney
      nickel) was measured in order to gain information pertaining to its
      stereochemical homogeneity. The spectrum demonstrated clearly that the material
      is a 6:1 mixture of two stereoisomers. The cis compound, corresponding to the
      stereochemistry of d-biotin, is the major isomer. Two biotinyl- and two
      dethiobiotinylinsulins were prepared in which the distance between the biotins
      and insulin was varied by interposition of spacer arms. The synthesis of these
      compounds involved repeated N-hydroxysuccinimido ester condensations. Biotin N
      hydroxysuccinimido ester, dethiobiotin N-hydroxysuccinimido ester, 6
      aminohexanoic acid, and N-[3-[(3-aminopropyl)carboxyamino]-propyl]succinamic acid
      N-tert-butyl ester served as the building blocks for the spacers. The latter
      compound was prepared from N-[3-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]propyl]succinamic acid
      sulfate by the use of a selective amino-protecting method based on the
      differential stability toward acid of citraconyl and tert-butoxycarbonyl amino
      protecting groups. The structure of N-[3-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]propyl]succinamic
      acid sulfate was established unequivocally by X-ray diffraction. The attachment
      of the biotinylated spacers to the insulin was exclusively at the N alpha, B1
      position. Homogeneity of the final products as well as of the intermediates used
      in their synthesis was established by thin-layer chromatography, by high-pressure
      liquid chromatography, and in most instances by elemental analysis. The ratio of
      6-aminohexanoic acid to lysine in hydrolysates of the insulin derivatives was in
      agreement with theory. The insulin derivatives were required for a study on the
      effect of avidin on their ability to interact with insulin receptors on rat
      epididymal adipocytes, which is described in the accompanying paper.

PMID- 6380571
TI  - Ligands for insulin receptor isolation.
AB  - Biotinylated insulins are bivalent molecules having the ability to bind to
      insulin receptors on the one hand and to "avidins" on the other. In order to be
      useful as ligands for insulin receptor isolation, biotinylated insulins must be
      developed that have the capacity to bind simultaneously to both and insulin
      receptor. The present investigation addresses this problem. A series of
      biotinylated and dethiobiotinylated insulins has been prepared in which the
      distance between the biotin carboxyl group and the insulin varies from 7 to 20
      atoms. These compounds form complexes with succinoylavidin. The dissociation
      rates (K-1) of these complexes have been determined from the [14C]biotin exchange
      assay. The dissociation kinetics of most of these complexes are biphasic, and the
      kinetic constants reported are those corresponding to the slow rate. Ligands
      containing dethiobiotin dissociate more rapidly than the corresponding biotin
      derivatives. The interposition of a spacer arm substantially decreases the rate
      of dissociation. The [14C]biotin exchange assay could not be used with
      streptavidin complexes of the above ligand since biotin dissociates more rapidly
      from streptavidin than from succinoylavidin. However, the relative dissociation
      rates of a series of ligands could be determined and were as follows: 6
      (dethiobiotinylamido)-hexanoic acid greater than dethiobiotinyl-A1-insulin
      greater than biotinylinsulin greater than biotinyl-A1-insulin greater than
      biotinyl-A2-insulin. Dethiobiotin and its amide failed to form complexes with
      streptavidin. The affinity of the ligands for insulin receptors was determined by
      measuring their ability to stimulate 14CO2 formation from [1-14C]glucose in rat
      epididymal adipocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6380572
TI  - Preferential stimulation of the in vivo synthesis of a protein by polyamines in
      Escherichia coli: purification and properties of the specific protein.
AB  - The possibility that polyamines can stimulate the synthesis of special kinds of
      proteins has been examined by using a polyamine-requiring mutant of Escherichia
      coli. It was found that the synthesis of some proteins, particularly one with a
      molecular weight (Mr) of 62K, was significantly stimulated following polyamine
      supplementation of polyamine-starved cells. The preferential stimulation of the
      synthesis of this polyamine-induced protein of Mr 62K (PI protein) was followed
      by the stimulation of overall protein synthesis by polyamines. PI protein was
      purified to homogeneity and some of its properties were examined. From studies on
      the effect of PI protein on MS2 RNA directed protein synthesis, it was shown that
      this protein stimulated the synthesis of RNA replicase by 2.2-fold in the
      presence of 1 mM spermidine.

PMID- 6380573
TI  - Catalytic mechanism of the dihydrofolate reductase reaction as determined by pH
      studies.
AB  - The variation with pH of the kinetic parameters of the reaction catalyzed by
      dihydrofolate reductase from Escherichia coli has been determined with the aim of
      elucidating the chemical mechanism of the reaction. The (V/K)DHF and V profiles
      indicated that protonation enhances the observed rate of interaction of
      dihydrofolate (DHF) with the enzyme-NADPH complex as well as the maximum velocity
      of the reaction. The pKa value of 8.09 observed in the (V/K)DHF profile is
      similar to that of 7.9 observed in the Ki profile for 2,4-diamino-6,7
      dimethylpteridine while the pKa value of the V profile is displaced to 8.4. From
      the magnitude of the pH-independent value for (V/K)DHF, it is concluded that
      unprotonated dihydrofolate must react, at neutral pH, with the protonated form of
      the enzyme. The D(V/K)DHF value is independent of pH and equal to unity whereas
      the DV value varies as a wave function of pH with limiting values of 1.5 and 1.0
      at low and high pH, respectively. It is proposed that dihydrofolate reacts with
      the unprotonated enzyme-NADPH complex to form a dead-end complex and with the
      protonated form of the same complex to form a productive complex. Further, it is
      considered that the protonated carboxyl of Asp-27 at the active site of the
      enzyme is responsible for the protonation of the N-5 nitrogen of dihydrofolate
      and that this protonation precedes and facilitates hydride transfer.

PMID- 6380574
TI  - Reaction intermediate analogues for enolase.
AB  - A number of compounds that appear to be analogues of the aci form of the normal
      carbanion intermediate are good inhibitors of yeast enolase. These include (3
      hydroxy-2-nitropropyl)phosphonate (I), the ionized (pK = 8.1) nitronate form of
      which in the presence of 5 mM Mg2+ has a Ki of 6 nM, (nitroethyl)phosphonate
      (III) (pK = 8.5; Ki of the nitronate in the presence of 5 mM Mg2+ = 1 microM),
      phosphonoacetohydroxamate (IV) (pK = 10.2; Ki with saturating Mg2+ for the
      ionized form = 15 pM), and (phosphonoethyl)nitrolate (VII) (Ki at 1 mM Mg2+ = 14
      nM). The oxime of phosphonopyruvate (VI) has a pH-independent Ki of 75 microM. I,
      IV, VI, and VII are slow binding inhibitors. All of these compounds are trigonal
      at the position analogous to C-2 of 2-phosphonoglycerate and contain a phosphono
      group, but a negatively charged metal ligand at the position isosteric with the
      hydroxyl attached to C-3 of 2-phosphoglycerate (as in IV) appears to contribute
      more to binding than a nitro group isosteric with the carboxyl of 2
      phosphoglycerate (I and III). These data support the carbanion mechanism for
      enolase and suggest that the 3-hydroxyl of 2-phosphoglycerate is directly
      coordinated to Mg2+ prior to being eliminated to give phosphoenolpyruvate.

PMID- 6380575
TI  - Photoaffinity labeling of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli with
      8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate.
AB  - A photoaffinity analogue of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), 8-azidoadenosine 5'
      triphosphate (8-N3ATP), has been used to elucidate the role of the various
      subunits involved in forming the active site of Escherichia coli DNA-dependent
      RNA polymerase. 8-N3ATP was found to be a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme
      with respect to the incorporation of ATP with Ki = 42 microM, while uridine 5'
      triphosphate (UTP) incorporation was not affected. UV irradiation of the reaction
      mixture containing RNA polymerase and [gamma-32P]-8-N3ATP induced covalent
      incorporation of radioactive label into the enzyme. Analysis by gel filtration
      and nitrocellulose filter binding indicated specific binding. Subunit analysis by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium tetradecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and
      autoradiography of the labeled enzyme showed that the major incorporation of
      radioactive label was in beta' and sigma, with minor incorporation in beta and
      alpha. The same pattern was observed in both the presence and absence of poly[d(A
      T)] and poly[d(A-T)] plus ApU. Incorporation of radioactive label in all bands
      was significantly reduced by 100-150 microM ATP, while 100-200 microM UTP did not
      show a noticeable effect. Our results indicate major involvement of the beta' and
      sigma subunits in the active site of RNA polymerase. The observation of a small
      extent of labeling of the beta and alpha subunits, which was prevented by
      saturating levels of ATP, suggests that these subunits are in close proximity to
      the catalytic site.

PMID- 6380576
TI  - Amino acid sequence of Escherichia coli citrate synthase.
AB  - Detailed evidence for the amino acid sequence of allosteric citrate synthase from
      Escherichia coli is presented. The evidence confirms all but 11 of the residues
      inferred from the sequence of the gene as reported previously [Ner, S. S.,
      Bhayana, V., Bell, A. W., Giles, I. G., Duckworth, H. W., & Bloxham, D. P. (1983)
      Biochemistry 22, 5243]; no information has been obtained about 10 of these
      (residues 101-108 and 217-218), and we find aspartic acid rather than asparagine
      at position 10. Substantial regions of sequence homology are noted between the E.
      coli enzyme and citrate synthase from pig heart, especially near residues thought
      to be involved in the active site. Deletions or insertions must be assumed in a
      number of places in order to maximize homology. Either of two lysines, at
      positions 355 and 356, could be formally homologous to the trimethyllysine of pig
      heart enzyme, but neither of these is methylated. It appears that E. coli and pig
      heart citrate synthases are formed of basically similar subunits but that
      considerable differences exist, which must explain why the E. coli enzyme is
      hexameric and allosterically inhibited by NADH, while the pig heart enzyme is
      dimeric and insensitive to that nucleotide.

PMID- 6380577
TI  - Stimulation of Escherichia coli DNA photoreactivating enzyme activity by
      adenosine 5'-triphosphate.
AB  - A purification procedure consisting of Biorex-70, single-stranded DNA-agarose,
      and ultraviolet (UV) light irradiated DNA-cellulose chromatography has been
      adopted for the Escherichia coli photoreactivating enzyme. The purpose of this
      purification was to obtain enzyme preparations that are free of extraneous
      nucleic acid or nucleotides. The purification yields high specific activities (75
      000 pmol h-1 mg-1) with a 50% recovery. Enzyme preparations have also been
      obtained from UV-irradiated DNA-cellulose by exposure to visible light. These
      enzyme preparations contain oligoribonucleotides, the largest found to be 26
      nucleotides in length in relation to DNA size markers. However, the
      oligoribonucleotides associated with the enzyme are not essential for enzymatic
      activity. When the enzyme is preincubated with exogenous ATP for 4-10 h at 3
      degrees C, a 10-fold stimulation in the enzyme activity has been observed. It has
      been determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and high-voltage
      diethylaminoethyl paper electrophoresis that the light-released enzyme samples
      from a preincubated and washed mixture of the enzyme, [gamma-32P]ATP, and UV
      irradiated DNA-cellulose contained exogenous [gamma-32P]ATP. [gamma-32P]ATP
      eluted with the enzyme-containing fractions when subjected to Bio-Gel P-30
      chromatography. GTP caused a slight enhancement of the enzyme activity while ADP
      strongly inhibited photoreactivation, at the same concentration and conditions as
      those for ATP. Higher (X5) concentrations of ADP and adenosine 5'-(beta, gamma
      methylenetriphosphate) totally inhibited the enzyme activity. Dialysis of a
      photoreactivating enzyme preparation against a buffer solution containing 1 mM
      ATP caused a 9-fold stimulation of the enzyme activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6380578
TI  - Photochemical cross-linking of lac repressor to nonoperator 5-bromouracil
      substituted DNA.
AB  - Ultraviolet irradiation of lac repressor bound to 5-bromouracil-substituted
      nonoperator DNA leads to the formation of cross-links between the protein and the
      nucleic acid. The cross-links are formed between the DNA and the 1-51 N-terminal
      peptide of the repressor, the "headpiece". The tetrameric core (4 X 60-360 amino
      acids) was never found to be cross-linked to the DNA. With isolated headpieces,
      which are able to bind DNA, no cross-link was detected. These results are
      discussed considering the fundamental role of the core in keeping the headpieces
      in an adequate geometry for the DNA-repressor interaction. It has been possible
      to cross-link two DNA molecules to one repressor molecule, thus showing the
      existence of at least two binding sites for nonoperator DNA on the repressor. The
      attached peptides were analyzed after extensive proteolytic cleavage, and the
      most abundant peptide found was peptide 23-33. Histidine-29 seems to be the photo
      cross-linked amino acid. Analysis of the results required a computation method
      discussed in the Appendix.

PMID- 6380579
TI  - 7S RNA, containing 5S ribosomal RNA and the termination stem, is a specific
      substrate for the two RNA processing enzymes RNase III and RNase E.
AB  - The 7S RNA, a precursor of 5S rRNA that contains 5S rRNA and the termination stem
      and loop, is a substrate for RNase E and is also a substrate for RNase III. The
      cleavage by RNase III is in the stem, 11 nucleotides downstream from the 3' end
      of the mature 5S rRNA and 8 nucleotides downstream from the RNase E cleavage
      site. Near the cleaved nucleotides there are three base pairs that appear in the
      same relative positions in most known RNase III cleavage sites. The large product
      of the RNase III cleavage reaction, which is a 5S rRNA that contains 11 extra
      nucleotides at the 3' end, is a substrate for RNase E. This suggests that the
      information for the 3'-end cleavage by RNase E resides mainly in the 5S rRNA
      itself. Using rnc rne strains, carrying the plasmid that leads to the
      accumulation of 7S RNA, we showed that the 7S RNA does not result from an RNase
      III cleavage but is apparently a proper transcription termination product.

PMID- 6380580
TI  - Active site mapping of the serine proteases human leukocyte elastase, cathepsin
      G, porcine pancreatic elastase, rat mast cell proteases I and II. Bovine
      chymotrypsin A alpha, and Staphylococcus aureus protease V-8 using tripeptide
      thiobenzyl ester substrates.
AB  - The primary subsite specificities of human leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G,
      porcine pancreatic elastase, rat mast cell proteases I and II, bovine
      chymotrypsin A alpha, and the protease from strain V-8 of Staphylococcus aureus
      have been mapped with a series of tripeptide thiobenzyl ester substrates of the
      general formula Boc-Ala-Ala-AA-SBzl, where AA represents one of 13 amino acids.
      In addition, the effects of a P2 Pro and P4 methoxysuccinyl and succinyl groups
      were investigated. In an attempt to introduce specificity and/or reactivity into
      the substrate Boc-Ala-Ala-Leu-SBzl(X), the 4-chloro-, 4-nitro-, and 4
      methoxythiobenzyl ester derivatives were studied. Enzymatic hydrolyses of the
      substrates were measured in the presence of 4,4'-dithiobis(pyridine) or 5,5'
      dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), which provided a highly sensitive assay method
      for free thiol. The thio esters were excellent substrates for the enzymes tested,
      and in many cases, the best substrates reported here have kcat/KM values higher
      than those reported previously. The best substrate for human leukocyte elastase
      was Boc-Ala-Pro-Nva-SBzl(Cl), which has a kcat/KM of 130 X 10(6) M-1 s-1. A very
      reactive rat mast cell protease substrate, Boc-Ala-Ala-Leu-SBzl(NO2), was also
      found. The S. aureus V-8 protease was the most specific enzyme tested since it
      hydrolyzed only Boc-Ala-Ala-Glu-SBzl. Substituents on the thiobenzyl ester moiety
      of Boc-Ala-Ala-Leu-SBzl resulted in decreased KM values with human leukocyte
      elastase and rat mast cell protease I when compared to the unsubstituted
      derivative.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6380581
TI  - Monoclonal antibody specific for yeast elongation factor 3.
AB  - Hybridomas have been prepared by fusing mouse myeloma (P3 X 63 Ag8) cells with
      spleen cells of mice immunized with a yeast fraction enriched with respect to non
      ribosomal translational components. Cloned hybridoma lines were grown in the form
      of ascites tumors, and the monoclonal antibodies produced were purified from the
      ascites fluid by chromatography on DEAE-Affi-Gel Blue. One of the antibodies,
      from a hybridoma cell line designated as PSH-1, inhibited the translation of
      natural mRNA and poly(U) and polysomal chain elongation in a cell-free protein
      synthesizing system from yeast. Resolution and partial purification of the
      elongation factors indicated that the monoclonal antibody from PSH-1 did not
      interact with EF-1 or EF-2 but reacted with and inactivated EF-3, the 125 000
      molecular weight additional elongation factor specifically required with yeast
      ribosomes. The EF-3 purified from the cytosol by immunoaffinity chromatography
      was comparable to that prepared by ion-exchange chromatography. Evidence was
      obtained which indicated that EF-3 was essential for the translation of natural
      mRNA as well as poly(U), was associated with polysomes but not ribosomal
      subunits, and was required for every cycle in the elongation phase of protein
      synthesis.

PMID- 6380582
TI  - Exploring the conformational roles of signal sequences: synthesis and
      conformational analysis of lambda receptor protein wild-type and mutant signal
      peptides.
AB  - Secretion of the Escherichia coli lambda receptor protein (LamB protein) appears
      from genetic evidence to be correlated with the predicted tendency of its signal
      sequence to adopt an alpha-helical conformation [Emr, S. D., & Silhavy, T. J.
      (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 80, 4599]. We have tested this hypothesis
      by synthesizing major portions of signal sequences from the wild-type and mutant
      LamB proteins and analyzing their conformations by circular dichroism. The wild
      type signal sequence contains a seven-residue hydrophobic region flanked by a
      proline and a glycine. Chou-Fasman rules predict that this segment will adopt an
      alpha-helical conformation. An export-deficient mutant is missing four residues
      from this region; the helix-breaking glycine and proline are thus separated by
      only three residues, and an alpha helix is not predicted to form. In each of the
      export-restored revertants, either the glycine or the proline is replaced with a
      residue which promotes helix formation. The helix content of the synthetic signal
      sequence fragments on the basis of CD measurements supports the secondary
      structure hypothesis described above. The relative helicity in aqueous sodium
      dodecyl sulfate, lysolecithin, or trifluoroethanol is as follows: wild type
      greater than R2 (Pro----Leu) greater than R1 (Gly----Cys) much greater than
      deletion mutant.

PMID- 6380584
TI  - Isotope, pulse-chase, stopped-flow, and rapid quench studies on the kinetic
      mechanism of bovine dihydropteridine reductase.
AB  - The kinetics of the reduction of quinonoid 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6, 7
      dimethyldihydropteridine (DMPH2) catalyzed by bovine liver dihydropteridine
      reductase were examined with NADH, (S)-NADD, (S)-NADT, and [3H]-NADH as
      substrates. No significant deuterium isotope effect was observed on either Km or
      Vm, indicating that hydrogen transfer is not a major rate-limiting step of the
      reaction. Tritium from (S)-NADT is transferred to an exchangeable position of the
      pteridine product without significant isotopic discrimination. The ratio of
      tritium released into solvent to NAD+ produced is approximately 1.0 in the steady
      state as well as in the first enzyme turnover as determined by pulse-chase
      experiments. Pulse-chase methods also showed that the binary complex E.NADH is
      fully functional and can be completely converted to products prior to NADH
      dissociation in the presence of saturating DMPH2. The concentration of DMPH2
      giving half-maximal trapping of E.NADH is identical with its Km as determined by
      steady-state kinetics. Stopped-flow kinetic measurements gave no evidence for a
      burst of NADH utilization. This was further demonstrated by rapid quench
      experiments which demonstrated a pre-steady-state rate nearly identical with that
      of the steady state. The above results are consistent with nonequilibrium ordered
      binding of substrates and with a rate-limiting isomerization in the ternary
      complex which precedes hydrogen transfer.

PMID- 6380583
TI  - Elementary steps in the reaction mechanism of the alpha-ketoglutarate
      dehydrogenase multienzyme complex from Escherichia coli: kinetics of
      succinylation and desuccinylation.
AB  - The kinetics of the succinylation and the desuccinylation of the alpha
      ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex from Escherichia coli have been studied at 4
      degrees C in 2 mM thiamin pyrophosphate, 2 mM MgCl2, and 20 mM potassium
      phosphate (pH 7.0) by steady-state and quenched-flow techniques. The initial
      steady-state velocity for the reaction of the complex is inhibited by high
      concentrations of alpha-ketoglutarate. The data are consistent either with
      cooperative interactions between two catalytic sites or with the existence of an
      alpha-ketoglutarate regulatory site. The time course of the succinylation by
      alpha-ketoglutarate of the unmodified complex or the complex in which a fraction
      of the alpha-ketoglutarate decarboxylase subunits (E1) has been inhibited with N
      ethylmaleimide reveals a complex kinetic process. A mechanism consistent with the
      kinetic data is proposed in which some E1 subunits succinylate one lipoic acid
      per E1 and other E1 subunits succinylate two lipoic acids per E1. Furthermore,
      each succinylation reaction occurs via a two-step process with rate constants of
      49 and 89 s-1 at saturating concentrations of alpha-ketoglutarate for the first
      and second steps, respectively. At long times, 13-16 mol of succinate binds per
      mol of unmodified complex. The stoichiometry of binding obtained with N
      ethylmaleimide-treated complex is initially lower but approaches the same values
      as for the unmodified complex over the course of minutes. Coenzyme A removes the
      succinyl groups on the unmodified enzyme with a rate constant greater than or
      equal to 200 s-1. The results obtained suggest a limited accessibility between
      sites on the complex.

PMID- 6380585
TI  - Probing the conformation of 26S rRNA in yeast 60S ribosomal subunits with
      kethoxal.
AB  - The conformation and accessibility of 26S rRNA in yeast 60S ribosomal subunits
      were probed with kethoxal. Oligonucleotides originating from reactive sites were
      isolated by diagonal electrophoresis and sequenced. From over 70 oligonucleotide
      sequences, 26 kethoxal-reactive sites could be placed in the 26S rRNA sequence.
      These are in close agreement with a proposed secondary structure model for the
      RNA that is based on comparative sequence analysis. At least seven kethoxal
      reactive sites in yeast 26S rRNA are in positions that are exactly homologous to
      reactive positions in E. coli 23S rRNA; each of these sites has previously been
      implicated in some aspect of ribosomal function.

PMID- 6380586
TI  - Structure of the liver alcohol dehydrogenase-NAD+-pyrazole complex as determined
      by 15N NMR spectroscopy.
AB  - The structures of the liver alcohol dehydrogenase (LADH)-NAD+-pyrazole and LADH
      NAD+-4-ethylpyrazole complexes were investigated by 15N nuclear magnetic
      resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 15N chemical shifts were obtained for 15N-labeled
      inhibitors and 15N-labeled coenzyme bound in the ternary enzyme complexes. The
      structures of the two inhibitor complexes appear to be very similar. 15N NMR
      studies of model pyrazole-zinc chloride complexes were carried out to determine
      the effect of zinc complexation on pyrazole chemical shifts. The N1 nicotinamide
      chemical shift of the coenzyme of the LADH-NAD+-pyrazole complex demonstrates
      that the NAD+ is converted to a dihydronicotinamide derivative in the complex.
      The N1 chemical shift of the pyrazole in the ternary complex is consistent with
      covalent bond formation between pyrazole N1 and the nicotinamide ring of the
      coenzyme. The N2 chemical shift of the pyrazole in the ternary complex indicates
      that the nucleus of this nitrogen is about 40 ppm more shielded than those of the
      N2 nitrogens of typical pyrazoles. Such shielding is expected as the result of
      direct complexation of N2 to the active-site zinc. Shift comparisons with zinc
      pyrazole complexes indicate a high degree of inner-sphere coordination of the
      pyrazole N2 to the active-site zinc in the ternary complex.

PMID- 6380587
TI  - Localization of lipoyl-bearing domains in the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
      multienzyme complex.
AB  - The alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex from Escherichia coli consists of a
      core component, dihydrolipoyl transsuccinylase (E2), to which are noncovalently
      bound 12 polypeptide chains each of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and
      dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase. E2 exists as a cube-shaped complex comprising 24
      identical chains and may be resolved from the other two enzyme components.
      Limited digestion of E2 with trypsin quantitatively removes domains containing
      the lipoic acid cofactor while leaving the quaternary structure of the complex
      intact. Averages of native and trypsin-modified E2 were computed from images of
      single molecules obtained from electron micrographs of negatively stained
      specimens. The two averages were very similar and were in general agreement with
      a model determined previously by X-ray crystallography. However, detailed
      analysis of the difference image, obtained by subtracting the average of the
      trypsin-treated E2 from the native E2, showed extra stain-excluding regions along
      the edges of the native molecule which we interpret as representing the lipoyl
      bearing domains. Micrographs of mixtures of native and modified E2 were also
      analyzed in order to rule out staining or electron-optical artifacts as
      accounting for the results. On the basis of these results along with other
      available structural information, we propose that one function of the lipoyl
      domains is to permit interactions between distantly separated lipoyl moieties in
      the E2 complex; this proposal also agrees with recent results of modeling studies
      of biochemical data [Hackert, M.L., Oliver, R.M., & Reed, L.J. (1983) Proc. Natl.
      Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 2226-2230].

PMID- 6380588
TI  - Separation of ribosomal proteins from Escherichia coli and rabbit reticulocytes
      using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography has been used to fractionate
      ribosomal proteins from Escherichia coli and rabbit reticulocytes. Different
      column packing materials and solvent systems were compared for their
      effectiveness with bacterial proteins. A large-pore (300 A) short alkyl chain
      support (Altex RPSC) in conjunction with a triethylamine phosphate (pH
      2.2)/acetonitrile solvent system was particularly effective and separated
      mixtures of total protein from each ribosomal subunit into a number of peaks
      approaching the actual number of proteins present. For example, with the use of
      the Altex RPSC column, the 21 proteins of 30S subunits were resolved into 18
      distinct peaks, and the 33 proteins of the 50S subunits were resolved into 28
      peaks. Overall recovery varied from 75% to 90% in different experiments. The
      composition of each peak was established by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
      Relatively acidic proteins, for example, S1 and L7/L12 of Escherichia coli, were
      bound more tightly to the column and recovered in lower yields than the other
      more basic proteins. Proteins that were incompletely resolved in a single step
      could be obtained in pure form by rechromatography on the same column with an
      altered gradient or with a different type of reverse-phase packing material.
      Ribosomal proteins from rabbit reticulocytes were also separated with good
      resolution and yield by using the RPSC column.

PMID- 6380589
TI  - Assignment of resonances in the downfield proton spectrum of Escherichia coli 5S
      RNA and its nucleoprotein complexes using components of a ribonuclease-resistant
      fragment.
AB  - The downfield (9-15 ppm) proton NMR spectra of oligonucleotides derived from the
      ribonuclease A resistant fragment of Escherichia coli 5S RNA have been examined
      in aqueous solution at 500 MHz. Comparison of these spectra with those of the 5S
      RNA fragment and intact 5S RNA using both chemical shift and nuclear Overhauser
      enhancement effect criteria indicates that several aspects of 5S RNA secondary
      structure are also present in the structures assumed in solution by these much
      smaller molecules. Analysis of these spectra permits the assignment of some imino
      proton resonances which could not be assigned with certainty on the basis of NMR
      data previously obtained on intact 5S RNA or its nucleoprotein complexes. Several
      previous resonance assignments are confirmed. Studies on oligonucleotide
      components of fragment and a reconstituted fragment show that at least two
      conformations of the procaryotic loop exist.

PMID- 6380590
TI  - Distribution of insulin receptors in human erythrocyte membranes. Insulin binding
      to sealed right-side-out and inside-out human erythrocyte vesicles.
AB  - Analyses of insulin binding to human erythrocytes and to resealed right-side-out
      and inside-out erythrocyte membrane vesicles have revealed that high affinity
      insulin binding receptors are present on both sides of the erythrocyte membranes.
      Insulin binding to human erythrocytes was examined with the use of a binding
      assay designed to minimize the potential errors arising from the low binding
      capacity of this cell type and from non-specific binding in the assay. Scatchard
      analysis of equilibrium binding to the cells revealed a class of high affinity
      sites with a dissociation constant (Kd) of (1.5 +/- 0.5) X 10(-8) M and a maximum
      binding capacity of 50 +/- 5 sites per cell. Interestingly, both resealed right
      side-out and inside-out membrane vesicles exhibited nearly identical specific
      sites for insulin binding. At the high affinity binding sites, for both right
      side-out and inside-out vesicles, the dissociation constant (Kd) was (1.5 +/-
      0.5) X 10(-8) M, and the maximum binding capacity was 17 +/- 3 sites per cell
      equivalent. These findings suggest that insulin receptors are present on both
      sides of the plasma membrane and are consistent with the participation of the
      erythrocyte insulin receptors in an endocytic/recycling pathway which mediates
      receptor-ligand internalization/externalization.

PMID- 6380591
TI  - Phospholipase B from the plasma membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Separation
      of two forms with different carbohydrate content.
AB  - Two forms of phospholipase B could be solubilized from the plasma membrane of
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae, separated by gel filtration with Sephacryl S-300 and
      identified by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as glycoproteins of the
      apparent molecular weights of about 220 000 (phospholipase B1) and 145 000
      (phospholipase B2). The enzymes are very similar in respect to their catalytic
      properties. Both forms converted lysophosphatidylcholine to
      diacylphosphatidylcholine and unesterified fatty acids. The carbohydrate content
      of the glycoproteins could be reduced by treatment with endoglycosidase H and HF.
      By incubation of phospholipase B1 and phospholipase B2 with endoglycosidase H
      from Streptomyces griseus, one main protein with an apparent Mr of 67 000 and the
      same residual carbohydrate content was obtained. Treatment with HF reduced
      phospholipase B1 and phospholipase B2 to proteins with an apparent Mr of 52 000
      and 67 000, respectively. These results could indicate that the two forms are
      similar in respect to their protein moieties. An antiserum raised in mice against
      phospholipase B2 showed no crossreactivity with phospholipase B1 as detected by
      immunoblot analysis. The reactivity of phospholipase B2 was diminished or
      abolished by progressive removal of carbohydrate. These results were taken as
      indications for differences in the carbohydrate component of the two enzyme
      forms.

PMID- 6380592
TI  - Secretion of phospholipase B from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Phospholipase B and lysophospholipase activity is secreted from yeast cells
      (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) growing aerobically in batch cultures during the
      exponential phase. A glycoprotein with both activities running on SDS
      polyacrylamide slab gels as a broad band between 200 000 and 280 000 Da was
      purified about 2500-fold by gel filtration, chromatofocusing and hydrophobic
      interaction chromatography with octyl-Sepharose. The secreted phospholipase has a
      slightly higher carbohydrate content of 41 mumol/mg protein compared to a form of
      the enzyme associated to the plasma membrane described in the previous
      communication (Witt, W., Schweingruber, M.E. and Mertsching, A. (1984) Biochim.
      Biophys. Acta 795, 108-116) and exerts very similar enzymatic properties. Fatty
      acids are set free from lysophosphatidylcholine with a 68-fold higher rate than
      from phosphatidylcholine with a concomitant generation of the corresponding
      diacyl compound. pH optima of 3.0 and 3.5 were determined with
      phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine, respectively. During the
      enzymatic degradation of the cell wall, high amounts of phospholipase activity
      were released, indicating that the enzyme is present in the periplasmatic space
      or associated to cell wall components.

PMID- 6380593
TI  - Internalization of insulin and its receptor in the isolated rat adipose cell.
      Time-course and insulin concentration dependency.
AB  - The time-course and insulin concentration dependency of internalization of
      insulin and its receptor have been examined in isolated rat adipose cells at 37
      degrees C. The internalization of insulin was assessed by examining the
      subcellular distribution of cell-associated [125I]insulin among plasma membrane,
      and high-density (endoplasmic reticulum-enriched) and low-density (Golgi
      enriched) microsomal membrane fractions prepared by differential
      ultracentrifugation. The distribution of receptors was measured by the steady
      state exchange binding of fresh [125I]insulin to these same membrane fractions.
      At 37 degrees C, insulin binding to intact cells is accompanied initially by the
      rapid appearance of intact insulin in the plasma membrane fraction, and
      subsequently, by its rapid appearance in both the high-density and low-density
      microsomal membrane fractions. An apparent steady-state distribution of insulin
      per mg of membrane protein among these subcellular fractions is achieved within
      30 min in a ratio of 1:1.54:0.80, respectively. Concomitantly, insulin binding to
      intact cells is associated with the rapid disappearance of approx. 30% of the
      insulin receptors initially present in the plasma membrane fraction and
      appearance of 20-30% of those lost in the low-density microsomal membrane
      fraction. However, the number of receptors in the high-density microsomal
      membrane fraction does not change. This redistribution of receptors also appears
      to reach a steady-state within 30 min. Both processes are insulin concentration
      dependent, correlating with receptor occupancy in the intact cell, and are
      partially inhibited at 16 degrees C. While the steady-state subcellular
      distributions of insulin and its receptor do not correlate with that of acid
      phosphatase, chloroquine markedly increases the levels of insulin associated with
      all three membrane fractions in apparent proportion to the distribution of this
      lysosomal marker enzyme activity, without more than marginally potentiating
      insulin's effects on the distribution of receptors. These results demonstrate
      that insulin, initially bound to the plasma membrane of the isolated rat adipose
      cell, is rapidly translocated by a receptor-mediated process into at least two
      intracellular compartments associated with the cell's high- and low-density
      microsomes. Furthermore, insulin simultaneously induces the translocation of its
      own receptor from the plasma membrane into the latter compartment. These
      translocations appear to represent the internalization and partial dissociation
      of the insulin-receptor complex through insulin-induced receptor cycling.

PMID- 6380594
TI  - Effects of membrane lipid unsaturation on the interactions of insulin and
      multiplication stimulating activity with endothelial cells.
AB  - Modification of plasma membrane fatty acyl composition has resulted in major
      changes in insulin binding and insulin action in several cell types. In the
      present study, endothelial cells, which in vivo are directly bathed by the
      changing fatty acid and insulin environment of the bloodstream, were grown in
      media enriched in specific saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty
      acids. These media conditions resulted in major and specific alteration in fatty
      acyl unsaturation of both neutral lipids and phospholipids of the endothelial
      cells. Despite the extensive fatty acyl changes, the lipid-modified cells
      demonstrated no change in the binding of insulin or the insulin-like growth
      factor, multiplication stimulating activity, and little alteration in insulin
      induced down-regulation of the insulin receptor, or in cell processing of
      insulin. We suggest that the insulin receptor of the endothelial cell responds in
      a different manner than other cell types to similar alterations of membrane fatty
      acyl composition.

PMID- 6380595
TI  - [The effect of dehydration dynamics on the characteristics of the E. coli cells].
AB  - It was shown that NMR and IR-spectroscopy may be employed to study the dynamics
      of cell dehydration on E. coli as an example. It was noted that the withdrawal of
      the cell binding water causes an increase of the relative protein quantity in
      beta-turn. Similar dependences on the relative humidity have been obtained both
      for chemical shift and the changes of the secondary protein structure and the
      number of viable cells. It was concluded that the processes associated with
      binding water removal should be considered as one of the main factors, causing
      the inactivation of the bacterial cells.

PMID- 6380596
TI  - Daunorubicin and doxorubicin, anthracycline antibiotics, a physicochemical and
      biological review.
AB  - Daunorubicin and doxorubicin, two antibiotics belonging to the anthracycline
      group, are widely used in human cancer chemotherapy. Their activity has been
      attributed mainly to their intercalation between the base pairs of native DNA.
      Complex formation between daunorubicin or doxorubicin with
      polydeoxyribonucleotides and DNAs of various base composition or chromatins has
      been investigated by numerous techniques. Many authors have tried to correlate
      biological and therapeutic activities with the affinity of the drugs for DNA or
      some specific sequences of DNA. In vivo these anthracycline drugs cause DNA
      damage such as fragmentation and single-strand breaks. The mechanism of action of
      anthracyclines involves the inhibition of RNA and DNA syntheses. There exists two
      limiting factors in the use of anthracyclines as antitumoral agents: a chronic or
      acute cardiotoxicity and a spontaneous or acquired resistance. In both cases,
      there is probably an action at the membrane level. It has to be noted that
      daunorubicin and doxorubicin have a particular affinity for phospholipids and
      that the development of resistance is linked to some membrane alterations.

PMID- 6380597
TI  - Inhibition by L-valine and L-norleucine of 3-phenylpyruvate-induced insulin
      release.
AB  - Insulin release induced by 3-phenylpyruvate in isolated rat pancreatic islets was
      inhibited by L-valine, L-norleucine or aminooxyacetate. The inhibitory effect of
      these three agents coincided with a lesser stimulation by 3-phenylpyruvate of
      14CO2 output from islets prelabelled with L-[U-14C] glutamine. Conversely, 3
      phenylpyruvate augmented the rate of conversion of L-valine to 2-ketoisovalerate
      and that of L-norleucine to 2-ketocaproate. However, 3-phenylpyruvate, which
      increased 2-ketoisovalerate oxidative decarboxylation, inhibited 14CO2 production
      by islets exposed to D, L-[1-14C] norleucine. These findings reveal that distinct
      nutrient secretagogues (e.g. 3-phenylpyruvate and L-norleucine), which are each
      able to stimulate insulin release, may act antagonistically upon the secretory
      process when used in combination. The present results also emphasize the
      relevance of both mitochondrial oxidation and intracellular transfer of reducing
      equivalents as determinants of the secretory response to such nutrients as 3
      phenylpyruvate and norleucine.

PMID- 6380598
TI  - [Nutrition--a factor in preventing arteriosclerosis, coronary disease and
      disorders of the blood coagulation system. I. An imbalance in food fats and
      carbohydrates and atherogenesis].
AB  - The analysis of the literary data and the results of own research testifies that
      the lipids and carbohydrates metabolism disturbance in food is one of the
      decisive factors of pathogenetic arteriosclerosis and coronary disease. A long
      balanced diet in particular in fats and carbohydrates favours the normalization
      of the metabolic processes in stabilization of the organism.

PMID- 6380599
TI  - [Processing the results of population genetics research on the Elektronika BZ-21
      microcomputer].
AB  - The given programs made for micro-computer "Electronika BZ-21" are used for gene
      frequency calculations and the expected numbers of phenotypes in samples,
      similarity indices calculations of two and several populations proposed by
      Zhivotovsky, for estimation of the genetic similarity and distance by Nei as well
      as for mutual contingency coefficient determination. These programs permit to
      exclude a great number of intermediate operations, considerably speeding up the
      information processing.

PMID- 6380600
TI  - [Brain function and higher nervous activity].
AB  - Some actual problems of higher nervous activity have been analysed on the
      peculiarities of brain states in the course of different types of conditioning
      and reactivity of the nervous structures which depend on the brain state have
      been considered. A concept of brain state as a specific mechanism of each
      temporal connection forming during the learning process has been formulated for
      the first time. The authors suggest that the brain represents the dynamic system
      with changeable structure which reveals itself in multitude nervous set
      constellation during various types of activity. This concept is presented to be
      the theoretical basis for integral evaluation of functional capacities of central
      nervous system.

PMID- 6380601
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization and determination of hormone-induced synthesis of
      the sulfated oviductal glycoproteins.
AB  - Secretory products of the oviduct provide part of the milieu for the critical
      events of fertilization and embryo development. Past work from this laboratory
      has indicated that three large sulfated glycoproteins can be isolated from rabbit
      oviductal fluid and are synthesized by oviductal epithelium incubated in vitro.
      These three glycoproteins are antigenically similar. This paper presents evidence
      for their localization within the oviductal tissue and their hormonal control of
      synthesis. Utilizing goat antiserum to these oviductal glycoproteins and the
      immunoglobulin-horseradish peroxidase bridge method, these macromolecules have
      been localized in the ampulla and isthmus of the oviduct. Ten days after
      ovariectomy an oviduct was removed for immunolocalization. The does were then
      given estradiol for the next 4 days and the second oviduct was removed. Oviducts
      treated with estradiol showed immunostaining of virtually all of the secretory
      granules within the secretory cells of the isthmus. While light level
      immunocytochemistry suggested the possibility of two populations of secretory
      granules within the ampulla because some of the granules did not show
      immunocytochemical staining, the more sensitive immunocytochemistry at the
      electron microscopic level showed staining of all granules of the ampulla and
      isthmus. Absorption of the antiserum with pure antigen prevented all staining.
      After ovariectomy and hormone withdrawal, most of the immunostaining was lost in
      the isthmus and virtually no staining in the ampulla was observed. Oviductal cell
      suspensions were made to evaluate incorporation of [35S] sulfate and [3H] leucine
      as a function of hormonal priming of the tissue. Estrogen-primed oviductal cells
      incorporated the sulfate and leucine into these specific glycoproteins.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6380603
TI  - Pregnancy interruption in Microtus ochrogaster: laboratory artifact or field
      phenomenon?
AB  - Females of at least 8 species of rodent will terminate pregnancies after exposure
      to a "strange" male or his odors in the laboratory. Although only suggestive
      evidence exists for the occurrence of pregnancy interruption in the field, this
      laboratory phenomenon has been assigned important adaptive roles in the
      reproductive biology of rodents. In the present study, the extent of pregnancy
      interruption was investigated for prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) in semi
      natural enclosures where continued close proximity to males or their stimuli was
      not necessarily enforced upon females. Heterosexual pairs of voles were housed
      together in large, out-of-doors enclosures. After 10 days either 1) the original
      pair remained together for 30 additional days, 2) the stud male was replaced with
      a strange male for 30 days during which time the stud male was absent, or 3) the
      stud male was allowed to remain with the female, but another male was also added.
      Other heterosexual pairs of voles were placed in small cages typical of previous
      laboratory studies; 10 days later, the original male was replaced by a strange
      male. Dates of parturition were recorded. The data indicate that pregnancy
      interruption can occur in situations where 1) the female can potentially avoid
      the strange male, 2) the female can repel the strange male via aggressive
      behavior, or 3) the stud male is present to defend his mate. The findings of this
      study are discussed in relation to the possible adaptive significance of
      pregnancy block for small rodents.

PMID- 6380602
TI  - Identification of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone-like factor in the rabbit
      fetal placenta.
AB  - The biological and immunological gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-like
      activities in rabbit fetal placentas collected at Day 18 of gestation were
      investigated. Both crude and partially purified acid extracts of placental tissue
      were tested. A similarly prepared liver extract served as a control.
      Immunological GnRH-like activity, determined through a GnRH radioimmunoassay was
      1.3-2.0 pg/mg protein for the crude placental extract, 7.1-9.2 pg/mg protein for
      the partially purified placental extract and was nondetectable for liver extract.
      Both the crude and partially purified placental extracts increased (P less than
      0.01) luteinizing hormone (LH) release by dispersed rabbit pituitary cells,
      whereas the liver extract had no effect. The (Ac-D-p-Cl-Phe1,2, D-Trp3, D-Arg6, D
      Ala10)-GnRH antagonist was used to determine whether the biological GnRH-like
      activity in the placental extract was mediated through GnRH receptors. All three
      doses of antagonist (10, 100 and 1000 ng) suppressed the biological GnRH-like
      activity in the placental extracts. Molecular sieve chromatography of the
      partially purified placental extract showed that the immunoreactive GnRH-like
      factor eluted in the same fractions as the GnRH standard. These data indicate
      that the rabbit fetal placenta has both immunological and biological GnRH-like
      activity.

PMID- 6380604
TI  - Locally oscillatory motion of RNA helix derived from linear relationships of
      backbone torsion angles.

PMID- 6380605
TI  - [Protocols for the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma: toward escalation or
      toward reduction of degree?].
AB  - The present AML protocol which only applies one anthracycline associated with
      arabinosyl-cytosine gives a first remission plateau of 65% and a 75% survival
      plateau at five years. Contrary to other teams, we do not apply the allogenic
      bone marrow graft at the first remission but at the second one. The new protocol
      comprises application of two anthracyclines, adriamycin and aclacinomycin, a
      possible autologous bone marrow graft at first remission upon reinforcement, a
      combination of methotrexate and thioguanine as maintenance chemotherapy and
      immunotherapy with bestatine. The two protocols respectively applied to the ALL
      good prognosis and reserved prognosis, give 85% global survival. The autologous
      bone marrow graft is added at first remission to B or T forms or voluminous CALLA
      + types. The advantage of CNS radiotherapy is compared with its disadvantages.
      Bestatine is employed in immunotherapy. The immunoprevention protocol applied to
      CML blastic crisis (vaccination with a pool of CB blasts) from the second year
      has prolonged survival of patients suffering from this affection and also treated
      by splenectomy and hydroxyurea. Allogeneic or autologous bone marrow graft is
      added to the protocol. The same protocol is applied to not very aggressive LLC
      and LNH (lymphocytic and centrofollicular with small cleaved nucleus cells) and
      includes maximum remission induced by chemotherapy followed by immunotherapy (by
      thymuline and then, if immunity disorders are not corrected, by zinc, then
      bestatine and finally tuftsin). A similar sequence was applied to the myeloma,
      comprising MLP-PDN-CPM chemotherapy to induce remission, combination of MLP-PDN
      and CPM and, if there is resistance, CLB, 6-TG, PDN and TNP. Interferon is
      appropriate with certain cytopenic forms. A protocol comprising VCR, ADM, PDN,
      CPM and TNP is applied to centrofollicular NHL with small non cleaved nucleus
      cells or large cells. As Hoerni and Jones have obtained significant benefits with
      BCG, its terminal application is compared with that of bestatine. Finally a less
      mutagenic protocol than MOPP and/or ABVD is proposed for Hodgkin's disease. In
      this protocol, two cycles alternate, and they combine: a) firstly VCR, PDN, THP
      ADM and VPS, and b) secondly VLB, DXM, ACM and TNP with alternatively BLM and PPM
      between the cycles. This chemotherapy is followed by the same immunorestoration
      protocol as that applied to LLC and myeloma.

PMID- 6380606
TI  - Normal human granulopoiesis revisited. I. Blood data.
AB  - The absence of an unquestionable label to study the components of normal
      granulopoiesis leads experimentalists to design and develop numerous different
      techniques. An extensive review of the corresponding human data is performed
      concerning blood granulocyte cellularity, sojourn time and turnover rate, bone
      marrow neutrophil cellularity, production, mitotic activities, kinetic parameters
      and differential cell counts. Advantages and pitfalls relevant to each
      experimental procedure are discussed. Results obtained from recently devised
      experimental designs are included and compared to the results derived from more
      classical techniques. In particular data concerning blood granulocytes obtained
      through the in vitro labelling procedure using either diisopropylfluorophosphate
      or radiochromate are re-visited in the light of recently published results
      derived from techniques using a pulse or a continuous infusion of tritiated
      thymidine. Although some questions remain, particularly concerning bone marrow
      differential cell counts, reference data are proposed to elaborate a complete and
      coherent scheme of normal human neutrophilic granulopoiesis.

PMID- 6380607
TI  - Randomized clinical trial of non-specific immunotherapy with cell-wall skeleton
      of Nocardia rubra.
AB  - A randomized clinical trial of intrapleural Nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton (N
      CWS) followed by intradermal N-CWS was performed against lung cancer patients
      from November, 1977 to June, 1981. Totally, 190 patients were entered into this
      trial. The N-CWS treatment was effective in terms of prolongation of remission
      duration against not only operable but also inoperable patients. However,
      significant improvement of survival rate was observed only in operable patients,
      especially curative operation group (p less than 0.05). The mode of recurrence
      was classified as local recurrence and distant metastasis in the curative
      operation group. The rates of distant metastasis were 34.1 and 17.6%
      respectively, in the control and the N-CWS groups. The rate of local recurrence
      was 13.6% in the control group, although no local recurrence was observed in the
      N-CWS group. These results indicate the clinical effectiveness of the N-CWS
      treatment especially in curatively resectable lung cancer. Major and frequent
      side-effects of the N-CWS treatment were fever up to 40 degrees C with an average
      duration of 2 days following intrapleural instillation and skin reaction at the
      site of intradermal injections. No serious side effect was experienced during
      this trial.

PMID- 6380608
TI  - [Protocols for the chemotherapy of solid tumors: should we increase or reduce?].
AB  - Contrary to the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma which is clearly defined, for
      most solid tumors the place, the type and the intensity of treatments remain
      under discussion. Experimental results are available to prove the benefit of
      various drug combinations in which doses, routes of treatment, schedule and
      number of cycles are carefully evaluated. However considering the difficulties in
      testing all the combinations which are possible and the lack of trust in the
      predictive value of experimental studies, it is generally according to clinical
      results that escalation or reduction of chemotherapy are decided, At the present
      time and for many solid tumors, escalation is predominating due to the low
      effectiveness of the current drugs we have at our disposal. It is only in the
      case of curable solid tumors (for example: carcinoma of the testis,
      choriocarcinoma) that a reduction phase is possible and this behaviour is
      justified in avoiding the iatrogenic effects of chemotherapy. Many examples of
      escalation and reduction are given in clinical cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 6380609
TI  - Microinjection of cultured cells using red-cell-mediated fusion and osmotic lysis
      of pinosomes: a review of methods and applications.
AB  - Proteins and other macromolecules can be injected into cultured cells by several
      different methods. Here we review the strengths and limitations of two of these
      methods, red-cell-mediated microinjection and osmotic lysis of pinosomes, and
      indicate how they may be successfully applied to the study of cultured cells.

PMID- 6380610
TI  - Viral immunoblotting: a sensitive method for detecting viral-specific
      oliogoclonal bands in unconcentrated cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - A new method for detecting viral antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid is described.
      The technique has many advantages over previously published methods in that it is
      highly sensitive eliminating the need to concentrate the CSF, takes 5 h to
      complete, avoids the use of radionucleides, and most importantly circumvents
      problems associated with prozone effects which occur in immunoprecipitation
      reaction since the viral antigen is immobilized on nitrocellulose membranes.

PMID- 6380611
TI  - The endoendothelial fibrin lining as the crucial barrier and the role of
      fibrin(ogenin) gels in controlling transcapillary transport.
AB  - The interface between the two portions of the 'vessel-blood organ', viz., the
      vessel wall and the circulating blood, is considered by the author to be the
      endoendothelial fibrin lining (EEFL). The view that the endothelium, consisting
      of the endothelial cells and the interendothelial cement substance, is the
      primary filtration barrier in capillary permeability (CP) is no longer tenable.
      There is considerable evidence that the primary barrier is an endocapillary
      protein layer, originally postulated by Danielli in 1940. Copley considered this
      layer to be identical with the EEFL formed in the more or less immobile portion
      of the plasmatic zone in close proximity to the vessel wall. Processes of fibrin
      formation and fibrinolysis can occur there homeostatically, undisturbed by the
      flow of blood. The fibrinopeptides and plasminopeptides, freed at this site by
      the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin and of plasminogen to plasmin,
      respectively, were reported by Copley et al in 1966 to augment CP. These peptides
      thus take part in the steadily occurring normal physiological CP. This is
      facilitated by the porosity of the EEFL due to the network or gel structure of
      fibrin strands. The author's concept that the EEFL acts as the primary barrier,
      controlling transendothelial transport and transport across the basement membrane
      (BM), is discussed on the basis of older and recent findings by several
      investigators. In particular, the BM is dealt with in some detail as a barrier.
      Emphasis is placed on the existence of fibrin as a main constituent of the BM,
      hitherto not generally known. This was demonstrated by direct evidence in the
      production of (non-thrombocytopenic) vascular purpura with fibrin antiserum.
      Numerous tiny foci of fibrin(ogenin) gels are expected to stud the BM. Augmented
      capillary fragility (CF) due to increased fibrinolysis of many of these focal
      fibrin gels result in petechial hemorrhages. CF and CP are physical properties of
      the blood capillary wall which behave antagonistically and are controlled by
      fibrin formation and fibrinolysis, steadily occurring in the vascular layers
      including the BM. This barrier secures the integrity of the capillary wall by
      preventing extravasation of blood or hemorrhages. New experimental approaches to
      verify the detection of fibrin in the microstructure of the capillary wall are
      proposed. Moreover, hemorheological experimentation, models and treatments are
      needed to establish whether or not the EEFL is the crucial, critical barrier in
      CP, as proposed.

PMID- 6380612
TI  - Factors influencing arterial wall mass transport.
AB  - Arterial wall mass transport has particularly attracted attention because it may
      be implicated in the development of arterial disease, including arteriosclerosis.
      A short review is presented of the structure of the arterial wall and of studies
      of mass transport within it. Recent findings confirm that mass transport occurs
      across the entire arterial wall apparently from the lumen to the adventitial
      lymphatics. Evidence has emerged of inhomogeneity of the distribution volume for
      extracellular tracers in different layers of the wall. An attempt is made to
      interpret results which indicate that distension per se of arteries and increase
      of medial smooth muscle tone tend to compact the medial interstitium whereas
      pressure driven convection across the wall tends to expand that tissue. These
      findings imply a potentially important role of endothelial permeability, smooth
      muscle tone and luminal pressure in influencing solute transport in the wall and
      wall transport properties.

PMID- 6380613
TI  - [Determination of the nucleotide and isoplith composition of DNA by scanning thin
      layer chromatograms in ultraviolet light].
AB  - The author studied the UV spectra of the bases and pyrimidine sequences of DNA
      after separation in thin layers of cellulose, and calculated the coefficients
      permitting the determination of nucleotide and isoplith composition of DNA from
      UV light reflection during thin-layer chromatogram scanning.

PMID- 6380615
TI  - [40th anniversary of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the U.S.S.R].

PMID- 6380614
TI  - [Changes in the homeostatic balance of prostacyclin-thromboxane generating
      systems during experimental social stress].
AB  - Chronic emotional stress leads to the reduction in prostacycline content in the
      vascular wall and to the elevation of the malonic aldehyde level in the
      platelets, with a simultaneous increase of the spontaneous platelet aggregation
      index. Antistressor and antiaggregation action of the adaptation to high
      mountains occurs at later times (day 30) in both normal and stress-exposed rats
      despite the fact that stress-exposed rats yield to normal ones as regards the
      magnitude of prostacycline activation in the vascular wall. This is accounted for
      by initial (before adaptation) stress-induced disturbance of the balance between
      prostacycline and thromboxan.

PMID- 6380616
TI  - [Effect of ethmozine on kidney function].
AB  - Injection of ethmozine to rats (50 mg/kg subcutaneously) and to dogs (0,5 mg/kg
      intravenously) produced a substantial rise in diuresis, natriuresis and
      kaliuresis at the expense of the increased glomerular filtration rate and renal
      circulation. Injection of ethmozine (0.25-1.0 mg/min for 20 min) to the renal
      artery of dogs had no effect on the ipsilateral side. It is assumed that
      alterations in renal function induced by ethmozine injection are extrarenal in
      nature.

PMID- 6380617
TI  - [Demonstration of secretory component in membrane structures of the human
      thymus].
AB  - A large amount of secretory component (Sc) was demonstrated in human thymus by
      the immunofluorescence technique. The component was found to be contained by the
      membranes permeating the parenhuyma and surrounding numerous tubular formations
      in the cortical layer of the organ under discussion. It is suggested that like
      other heteroorgan antigens, secretory component is involved in the formation of
      natural immunological tolerance, informing organ lymphocytes of the structures of
      the host own antigens. It is possible that in addition Sc promotes the
      differentiation of lymphocytes which repopulate to the lymphoid organs where
      serum IgA is synthesized and secretory IgA is formed.

PMID- 6380618
TI  - [Luliberin of the synaptosomal fraction of the mediobasal hypothalamus in male
      rats and a change in its level as affected by monoamines].
AB  - Investigation of the effects of injecting monoamines (noradrenaline, dopamine and
      serotonin) into the third ventricle of the brain on the LH-RH content in the
      synaptosomal fraction of the mediobasal hypothalamus in intact and castrated male
      rats has demonstrated that all the three monoamines are involved in the
      regulation of synthesis and secretion of LH-RH and that their effects on LH-RH
      producing neurons are steroid-dependent.

PMID- 6380619
TI  - [Isolation of monoclonal antibodies to antigen Lyt-3.2].
AB  - A hybridoma producing monoclonal antibodies (McAb) NATF9.9 (F9) was obtained from
      fusion of murine myeloma X63 and splenocytes of AKR mice immunized with a single
      intravenous injection of 5 X 10(7) thymocytes of CBA mice. F9 McAb were cytotoxic
      for 80% thymocytes, 10% splenocytes, 20% lymph node cells, 85% cortical and 32%
      medullary thymocytes of CBA, C57BL/6, BALB/c, DBA/2 and SJL but not for the cells
      of C58 and AKR mice. F9 McAb reacted only with T cells and did not react with B
      cells and EL4 thymoma cells (Thy-1.2+, Lyt-1+2-3-). The proportion of F9+ cells
      accounts for about 40% among T lymphocytes of the lymph nodes and spleen as
      tested by flow-type cytometry. Lymph node cells treated with F9 McAb plus
      complement completely lost their reactivity with rat anti-Lyt-2 McAb and only
      partly (by 30%) with anti-Lyt-1 McAb. The reactivity pattern of F9 McAb attests
      to their specificity for Lyt-3.2 antigen.

PMID- 6380620
TI  - Marrow harvesting from normal donors.
AB  - The experience at a single institution in harvesting marrow for allogeneic
      transplantation on 1,270 occasions from 1,160 normal donors is presented in
      detail, together with an analysis of all the donor complications. Four donors
      were less than 2 years old, and the youngest was 6 1/2 months. No special
      difficulties were encountered with these young donors. Hospitalization time was
      three days or less for 99% of the procedures. Six donors had life-threatening
      complications; three of a cardiopulmonary and two of an infectious nature, and
      one cerebrovascular embolic episode. Significant operative site morbidity,
      usually transient neuropathies, occurred in ten procedures. Ten percent of the
      donations were associated with transient postoperative fever of unknown origin.
      Increasing donor age was associated with a reduction of the cellularity of the
      marrow harvest. The use of stored autologous blood permitted the avoidance of
      blood bank transfusion in 81% of males, 69% of females, and 50% of children. It
      was concluded that the procedure was associated with a very low risk of
      complication, but that the involvement of normal donors in such an operation
      justifies stringent monitoring.

PMID- 6380621
TI  - Ethanol raises prostacyclin in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - Moderate doses of ethanol were shown to induce a significant rise in prostacyclin
      (PGI2) concentration in cultures of endothelial cells derived from umbilical
      veins. Administration of 32 g of ethanol to six volunteers elevated plasma levels
      of PGI2 in parallel with those of blood alcohol. Although not specific for
      ethanol, this alcohol induced the largest change in PGI2. Withdrawal of the
      stimulant alcohol caused prompt reduction of the elevated prostacyclin to
      baseline values. The activity of ethanol appears to be due to a direct
      stimulation of cyclooxygenase. The release of [14C]arachidonic acid from
      prelabeled endothelial cells was decreased by ethanol. PGE2 production was also
      enhanced by exposure of endothelial cells to ethanol. The physiologic
      significance of these alcohol-induced changes in PGI2 levels remains to be
      established.

PMID- 6380622
TI  - Deferoxamine: a reversible S-phase inhibitor of human lymphocyte proliferation.
AB  - Deferoxamine is widely used therapeutically as a chelator of ferric ion in
      disorders of iron overload. This study demonstrates that this drug is a potent
      inhibitor of DNA synthesis by human B and T lymphocytes in vitro, but has
      relatively little effect on the synthesis of RNA and protein. The inhibitory
      effects of deferoxamine are completely reversible by washing or by adding
      stoichiometric amounts of Fe3+. Micromolar concentrations of deferoxamine
      decrease intracellular levels of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, which is
      similar to the effects of hydroxyurea. The binding of iron by deferoxamine likely
      causes an inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase activity, thereby preventing
      cells from completing the S phase of the cell proliferation cycle. As a
      reversible and nontoxic S-phase inhibitor, it may have important experimental and
      therapeutic applications.

PMID- 6380623
TI  - Hemin-induced conversion of pyruvate kinase isozymes in K562 cells.
AB  - The effects of hemin on the conversion of pyruvate kinase (PK) isozymes from the
      M2-type to the L-type in K562 cells were investigated. Immunofluorescence, ion
      exchange chromatography, and electrophoretic studies showed that the untreated
      K562 cells contained only the M2-type PK, while eight to 20 days after induction
      with hemin, concomitant with hemoglobin F synthesis, L-type PK levels increased
      while M2-type PK levels decreased. Electrophoretic study revealed three hybrid
      isozymes of the L-type and M2-type PK. We conclude that the conversion of PK
      isozymes from the M2-type to the L-type in erythroid precursor cells occurs in
      the early stage of maturation.

PMID- 6380624
TI  - Effects of cytochrome P-450 inhibitors on endothelium-dependent relaxation in
      rabbit aorta.
AB  - Endothelium-dependent relaxation in rabbit aorta was inhibited by exposure to two
      cytochrome P-450 inhibitors, metyrapone and SKF-525A. Aortic rings were
      contracted to a stable plateau by addition of phenylephrine (10(-7) M).
      Relaxation was elicited by the cumulative addition of methacholine (3 X 10(-8) -
      3 X 10(-6) M) or A23187 (10(-8) - 10(-6) M). Exposure to metyrapone (500 microM)
      or SKF-525A (10 micrograms/ml) was found to inhibit relaxation in response to
      concentrations of methacholine exceeding 10(-7) M. Maximal relaxation was
      inhibited 73% by metyrapone. Relaxation stimulated by concentrations of A23187
      exceeding 10(-7) M was also found to be inhibited by both metyrapone and SKF-525A
      exposure. Maximum A23187-induced relaxation (55% of the phenylephrine contractile
      response) was inhibited 40% by metyrapone and 55% by SKF-525A. Arachidonic acid
      (10-100 microM) also elicited endothelium-dependent relaxation in rings
      pretreated with indomethacin (10 micrograms/ml) and contracted with
      phenylephrine. This relaxation response was abolished by exposure to metyrapone
      or SKF-525A. These results suggest that cytochrome P-450 may be involved in
      endothelium-dependent relaxation responses, perhaps by metabolizing arachidonic
      acid to active products.

PMID- 6380625
TI  - Immunoelectrophoretic investigations in 55 patients with systemic amyloidosis.
AB  - Among 55 amyloidoses, the detection of a monoclonal protein (MP) led to the
      selection of 15 primary and 3 myeloma-associated types of amyloidosis. Therefore
      the presence of a MP gives evidence for an immunocytic amyloidosis. The lambda
      light-chain nature of MP and the abundant production of free light-chains are two
      of the factors predisposing to the production of amyloid deposits (AL) in the
      course of immunocyte dyscrasias.

PMID- 6380626
TI  - Comparative study of the toxicity of metal compounds to heterotrophic bacteria.

PMID- 6380627
TI  - Plasmodium berghei infection in mice: effect of low-level ozone exposure.

PMID- 6380628
TI  - Acute toxicity of EDB and aldicarb to young of two estuarine fish species.

PMID- 6380629
TI  - [History of the surgery of cerebral aneurysms].

PMID- 6380631
TI  - Circadian rhythms and psychiatry.

PMID- 6380630
TI  - Testosterone therapy for low sexual interest and erectile dysfunction in men: a
      controlled study.
AB  - A double blind cross-over comparison of testosterone and placebo injection was
      carried out in two groups of men with normal circulating testosterone levels, 10
      complaining principally of loss of sexual interest and 10 complaining principally
      of erectile failure. A significant increase in sexual interest was produced by
      testosterone in the first group. There was no effect on erectile function in
      either group. These results support previous findings from hypogonadal men that
      testosterone influences sexual interest but not erectile function, and indicate
      that increasing plasma testosterone can effect sexual interest even in men with
      pre-treatment testosterone levels within the normal range.

PMID- 6380632
TI  - Relaxation and depersonalisation.

PMID- 6380633
TI  - Results of intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IVDSA) as a screening
      method for renovascular hypertension.
AB  - Since January 1982 we have combined urography in hypertensive patients with
      intravenous angiography of the renal arteries. In more than 80% of 163 patients
      the examination was of good diagnostic quality and both renal arteries were well
      visualised. IVDSA has a lower morbidity and cost than conventional angiography.
      It is more accurate than urography and therefore offers better screening of a
      selected group of hypertensive patients.

PMID- 6380634
TI  - Hybridomas, monoclonal cells and analysis of the immune system.

PMID- 6380635
TI  - Tumour imaging and drug targeting.

PMID- 6380636
TI  - 'Purging' of bone marrow and immunosuppression.

PMID- 6380637
TI  - The use of hybridomas to analyse autoimmunity.

PMID- 6380638
TI  - Clinical assays of products of normal and malignant cells.

PMID- 6380639
TI  - Viral and bacterial infectious diseases.

PMID- 6380640
TI  - Immunopurification.

PMID- 6380642
TI  - Studies on the association of Escherichia coli with bovine mastitis.

PMID- 6380641
TI  - Effect of glucocorticoid, insulin and glucose treatment on muscle glycogen
      content in stressed young bulls.

PMID- 6380643
TI  - Cytological evidence for serotonin-containing fibers in an abdominal neurohemal
      organ in a hemipteran.
AB  - The abdominal neurohemal organs of the hemipteran Rhodnius prolixus contain an
      extensive serotonin containing arborization. Endogenous serotonin within fibers
      and terminals in the neurohemal area were detected with histochemical and
      immunocytological techniques. The abdominal nerves which contain the neurohemal
      organs selectively sequester exogenous serotonin. Serotonin and its metabolites
      are biochemically detected within the mesothoracic ganglion, which is a known
      source of projections into the neurohemal organ. However, the source of the cell
      bodies which might send serotonergic fibers to the neurohemal organ remains
      undetermined because no correspondence was found between immunocytological maps
      of serotonin-containing cells in the ganglion, and projection maps into
      neurohemal organ (determined by cobalt back-filling).

PMID- 6380644
TI  - Serotonin modulation of the release of sequestered [3H]serotonin from nerve
      terminals in an insect neurohemal organ in vitro.
AB  - Exogenous tritiated serotonin ([3H]5-HT) is taken up by and released from
      serotonin-containing fibers within abdominal nerves of Rhodnius prolixus during
      in vitro incubations. Sequestered [3H]5-HT behaves as expected of an endogenous
      neurosecretory product in this system. Release is Ca2+-dependent during both K+
      induced and physiologically induced secretory episodes. The kinetics of the
      release of sequestered label parallels the kinetics of release of endogenous
      neurohormones. Preloaded preparations which are washed with unlabeled 5-HT
      release label in two fashions; 5-HT itself induces a release of label and, at
      lower concentrations, 5-HT facilitates the release of label induced by high K+
      washes. Facilitatory effects appear to be mediated through receptors within the
      neurohemal organ (NHO).

PMID- 6380645
TI  - Chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of insulin causes selective increase of
      slow wave sleep in rats.
AB  - Sleep patterns were continuously recorded in rats receiving chronic
      intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusions of insulin. The i.c.v. administration
      of insulin resulted in a selective increase (25%) of the daily duration of slow
      wave sleep (SWS), whereas the duration of paradoxical sleep (PS) remained
      unchanged. The neutralization of peripheral and/or central insulin by means of
      continuous intravenous or i.c.v. infusions of anti-insulin serum brought about a
      selective decrease of SWS, whereas PS remained unchanged. The present findings
      are discussed with regard to the present knowledge of the origin and the role of
      brain insulin.

PMID- 6380646
TI  - Phaseolus vulgaris leuco-agglutinin immunohistochemistry. A comparison between
      autoradiographic and lectin tracing of neuronal efferents.
AB  - The autoradiographic pattern of anterograde labeling as a result from injections
      with tritiated amino acids is compared to the labeling of efferents with
      Phaseolus vulgaris leuco-agglutinin after lectin injections in the same nucleus
      visualized by immunohistochemical methods. This comparison is made for efferents
      from the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus to the amygdaloid body.

PMID- 6380647
TI  - Cholecystokinin-8-like immunoreactivity in the pre- and post-central gyri of the
      human cerebral cortex.
AB  - Cellular localization of cholecystokinin-8-like immunoreactive (CCK-IR)
      structures in the pre- and post-central gyri of the human cerebral cortex was
      examined by indirect immunofluorescence. CCK-IR was localized mostly in perikarya
      of non-pyramidal cells such as multipolar, bitufted and bipolar cells, and to a
      lesser extent in medium and small pyramidal cells. CCK-IR fibers were also
      observed in these gyri, predominantly in layers I and III.

PMID- 6380648
TI  - Expression of glial antigens C1 and M1 in the peripheral nervous system during
      development and regeneration.
AB  - The expression of C1 and M1 antigens was studied by indirect immunofluorescence
      methods in histological sections of peripheral nerves and ganglia of C57BL/6J
      mice during development and regeneration. In sciatic nerves of adult mice, C1 but
      not M1 antigen is found in vimentin- and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
      positive Schwann cells. A similar distribution is also seen in trigeminal nerve,
      dorsal root and superior cervical ganglia, and olfactory nerve. In all cases
      vimentin-positive structures outnumber GFAP- or C1 antigen-positive ones. At
      birth, C1 antigen and vimentin are expressed in sciatic nerves, but GFAP is not
      yet detectable. M1 antigen cannot be detected in Schwann cells. In monolayer
      cultures of neonatal mouse dorsal root ganglia, C1 antigen is expressed in a
      fibrillary staining pattern in some, but not all morphologically identified
      Schwann cells. In vitro, M1 antigen is not detectable in Schwann cells. After
      lesioning sciatic nerves of adult mice by cut or crush, detectable levels of C1
      antigen rise after 4-6 days: The number of immunofluorescently labeled structures
      and their relative intensities are drastically augmented, first distally more so
      than proximally, over control values from non-lesioned, i.e. contralateral
      nerves. A similar augmentation is also observed for vimentin and GFAP. M1 antigen
      expression does not reach detectable levels in Schwann cells under these
      conditions. The increased detectability of C1 antigen persists up to 150 days
      after lesioning, the longest time period tested.

PMID- 6380649
TI  - Angiotensin II promotes development of neurophysin neurons in dissociated
      culture.
AB  - Dissociated cultures of retrochiasmatic hypothalamus of 18-day-old rat embryos
      were continuously treated with 2 X 10(-9) M angiotensin II (ang II) from the
      third day in vitro on. Cultivation was terminated at days 9 and 16 in vitro,
      respectively. Neurons immunoreactive for neurophysin, arg-vasopressin and
      oxytocin were visualized by immunocytochemistry, using the unlabeled antibody
      technique, and counted. Large, well-differentiated magnocellular neurons and
      small, probably immature cells could be distinguished. A certain number of large
      neurons were, in addition, immunoreactive for either vasopressin or oxytocin
      whereas the small cells were devoid of such staining. Ang II treatment brought
      about a modest increase in neurophysin-immunoreactive (NEU-IR) cell numbers at
      day 9 and a drastic augmentation of both large and small NEU-IR cells at day 16
      in vitro, without appreciably affecting the total counts of neurons per culture.

PMID- 6380650
TI  - Specificity of monoclonal antibody N1 for cell surfaces of mouse central nervous
      system neurons.
AB  - Monoclonal antibody N1 reacts by indirect immunofluorescence with the cell
      surface of tetanus toxin-positive neurons from early postnatal mouse cerebellum.
      In freshly trypsinized single cell suspensions from early postnatal mouse
      cerebellum, 5-10% of all viable cells express N1 antigen on their surface. After
      3-24 h of maintenance in vitro all N1 antigen-positive cells are tetanus toxin
      positive. After culture periods of 3-4 days, most (approximately 90%) tetanus
      toxin-positive cells express N1 antigen on their surface. When horse serum
      supplemented medium (HSSM) is used for cultivation, neurons begin to lose N1
      antigen from their surface after about one week in vitro, until after two weeks
      in vitro, N1 antigen is no longer detectable, although some tetanus toxin
      positive neurons can be shown to survive in culture. In defined medium, however,
      N1 antigen-positive neurons can still be detected after 34 days in vitro, the
      longest culture period examined so far. Complement-dependent immunocytolysis
      deletes all N1 antigen-positive and approximately 90% of all tetanus toxin
      positive neurons from cultures. The remaining neurons reveal a morphology
      different from the one of the majority of small neurons, the granule cells. They
      have slightly larger cell bodies and several branched and unbranched cellular
      processes. Neonatal cerebellar cells show the same temporal sequence of
      appearance and disappearance of N1 antigen on most tetanus toxin-positive neurons
      in HSSM, and a persistence of N1 antigen on neurons in defined medium. N1 antigen
      becomes first detectable at embryonic day 17, and never becomes detectable in
      cell cultures derived from cerebella of younger mice. At all stages studied, N1
      antigen expression is restricted to tetanus toxin-positive neurons, while it is
      absent from the cell surfaces of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and fibroblasts. N1
      antigen is also found in cultures derived from early postnatal mouse cerebrum,
      but is not detected in cultures derived from mouse retina, spinal cord, dorsal
      root ganglion, and embryonic telencephalon. It is also not detectable in
      cerebellar cultures from rabbit, rat, chicken and human. When N1 antibody is
      applied to fixed cultures where intracellular antigens are accessible, all cell
      types are labeled intracellularly, with astrocytes and fibroblasts revealing a
      fibrillary, vimentin-like staining pattern.

PMID- 6380651
TI  - Corticotropin releasing factor-like immunoreactive neurons in the rat retina.
AB  - Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-like immunoreactive neurons have been
      identified in the rat retina by immunohistochemical methods using antisera
      directed against ovine and rat CRF. CRF-like immunoreactivity was observed in
      both amacrine and ganglion cells which projected fine varicose processes to the
      inner plexiform layer of the retina. It is suggested that CRF may play a role in
      retinal function.

PMID- 6380652
TI  - Reduction of food intake and body weight by chronic intraventricular insulin
      infusion.
AB  - This study examined the effect of chronic infusions of insulin in one of three
      doses (5, 7.5 or 10 mU/day) into the third ventricle, on food and water intake
      and body weight in the rat. Solutions were infused via osmotic minipumps at a
      rate of 1 microliter/hour for seven days. The two highest doses of insulin
      produced a dose-related suppression of food intake and weight loss, which was
      greater than the effect produced by 5 mU/day or a control infusion of Ringers
      solution. The effect of 5 mU/day on food and water intake and body weight was
      similar to the effect of the control infusion. All groups treated with insulin
      decreased food intake during the day and night, although only differences in
      nighttime food intake were statistically significant. Ten mU/day also produced a
      significantly greater reduction in water intake than each of the other solutions.
      Weight loss in the animals infused with insulin could not be explained by a
      decrease in caloric intake alone. Food intake returned to normal in all groups by
      the end of a seven day post-infusion period, with recovery being slowest among
      the animals receiving the highest doses of insulin. All animals recovered body
      weight at approximately the same rate. These results provide further evidence for
      the view that brain insulin plays a role in the regulation of food intake and
      body weight.

PMID- 6380653
TI  - A goose head holder device for chronic experiments.
AB  - A special device is described which allows experiments to be performed on chronic
      non-anaesthetized geese. This system is composed of two elements: one is fixed to
      the stereotaxic apparatus, the other is implanted on the goose skull. The use of
      ear bars and eye and bill pieces is thus eliminated. This non-painful adaptation
      is well tolerated by the bird. In addition, the position of the animal with
      regard to stereotaxic coordinates is unchanged. This technique provides an
      essential tool for furthering investigations on the central nervous system in
      geese.

PMID- 6380654
TI  - [Problems in visualizing lamellar structures in electron microscopy studies].

PMID- 6380655
TI  - [Suture of a child's spleen after trauma].

PMID- 6380657
TI  - The search for an ideal wound dressing.

PMID- 6380656
TI  - [Prof. Kostlivy--the rector of Comenius University].

PMID- 6380658
TI  - [Improving the cervical fit of fixed provisional dentures].

PMID- 6380659
TI  - [Complete dentures using a completely adjustable articulator: Denar].

PMID- 6380660
TI  - [Porcelain on non-precious alloys].

PMID- 6380661
TI  - [Comparative study of the retentive strength of 6 root posts].

PMID- 6380662
TI  - [Periodontal surgery and the prosthetic restoration of fractured teeth].

PMID- 6380663
TI  - [The velo-palatal seal in complete upper dentures].

PMID- 6380664
TI  - [Causes of velo-palatal seal failure--means of correction].

PMID- 6380665
TI  - [Tooth wear and occlusal contacts].

PMID- 6380666
TI  - [New ideas in the preparation of ceramo-metallic crowns: a logical approach].

PMID- 6380667
TI  - [Bridge pontics with rotary insertion: practical aspects of their fabrication].

PMID- 6380668
TI  - [The curve of Spee: a physiological and prosthetic imperative].

PMID- 6380670
TI  - Dental research. More or less.

PMID- 6380669
TI  - Survey for mercury vapour in Manitoba dental offices. Summer 1983.

PMID- 6380671
TI  - Accreditation and dentistry.

PMID- 6380672
TI  - Real estate. For dental practice or as investment.

PMID- 6380673
TI  - Computers and the dentist.

PMID- 6380674
TI  - Stress in dentistry: it can kill you.

PMID- 6380675
TI  - The future of research into periodontal disease. A look ahead to Symposium 50.

PMID- 6380676
TI  - Can basic research affect the clinical treatment of periodontal disease.

PMID- 6380677
TI  - A reevaluation of selected diagnostic techniques: potential influence on the
      clinical practice of periodontics.

PMID- 6380678
TI  - Hepatitis B and Canadian dental professionals.

PMID- 6380679
TI  - Waste nitrous oxide exposure.

PMID- 6380680
TI  - Effect of n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (histoacryl blue) on the healing of skin
      wounds.

PMID- 6380681
TI  - [Observed lesions in a totally edentulous Quebec population].

PMID- 6380682
TI  - Archibald Byron Macallum, pioneer of biochemistry in Canada.

PMID- 6380683
TI  - The ribosomal 5.8S RNA: eukaryotic adaptation or processing variant?
AB  - A striking difference between the cytoplasmic ribosomes of eukaryotes and
      prokaryotes is the presence (in eukaryotes) of one additional RNA component, the
      5.8S rRNA. This RNA, which is hydrogen bonded to the cognate high molecular
      weight RNA of the large subunit, is about 160 nucleotides in length, and is
      cotranscribed with the high molecular weight rRNA as part of a much larger
      precursor molecule, the nucleolar 36S-45S rRNA. Because of its relatively small
      size the 5.8S RNA is considered a good model for studies on rRNA structure,
      synthesis, maturation, ribosomal integration, function, and even evolution. Over
      the last decade numerous studies have examined these questions with many
      interesting results, including the probability that this RNA sequence may
      actually be present in all ribosomes, although not necessarily as a separate RNA
      component. Their findings are summarized in this review.

PMID- 6380684
TI  - Altered phospholipid metabolism in thrombin-stimulated human platelets.
AB  - Extensive research during the past few years has indicated that dramatic
      alterations in phospholipid metabolism and composition represent early and
      important biochemical events in the response of human platelets to thrombin
      stimulation. The individual enzyme-catalyzed steps which provide for the release
      of free arachidonic acid for thromboxane A2 formation via the initial degradation
      of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol have been studied. Their
      importance in this regard is influenced by the molecular species composition of
      the corresponding phospholipid precursors. A role for stimulated
      phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate degradation in the phosphatidylinositol
      response and inositol triphosphate release associated with calcium mobilization
      has also been proposed. The 1,2-diacylglycerol released by the action of
      phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol and its 4,5-bisphosphate derivative has
      been implicated as an activator of protein phosphorylation; the derived
      phosphatidic acid has been proposed as a mediator for promoting an intracellular
      flux of calcium associated with platelet responses.

PMID- 6380685
TI  - The C1q receptor site on human immunoglobulin G.
AB  - Of the many functional properties of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecule, only
      antigen binding and the interaction with the C1q component of complement have
      been shown to be uniquely associated with the individual compact domains which
      make up this immunoglobulin. The chemical and biological evidence for the
      exclusive association of the C1q-binding site with the CH2 domain is reviewed,
      affirming that the site probably is centered on the residues 279-295 which are
      located on the outside of the molecule and contain, in particular, three
      positively charged residues which are thought to be vital to the interaction. An
      alternative site (residues 316-338), having similar exposure and charge
      characteristics, is discussed and arguments are presented indicating why the
      former is currently favoured.

PMID- 6380686
TI  - An osteonectinlike protein in porcine periodontal ligament and its synthesis by
      periodontal ligament fibroblasts.
AB  - Periodontal ligament, a soft connective tissue that lies between cementum and
      alveolar bone in the periodontium, has been shown to contain an osteonectinlike
      protein. The similarity between porcine ligament osteonectin and bovine bone
      osteonectin was evident from immunochemical studies, from migration
      characteristics on sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      (SDS-PAGE) and from binding studies on hydroxyapatite. Using immunotransfer and
      immunodot analyses, ligament osteonectin was found to be extractable from tissues
      with 4 M guanidine-HCl (GuHCl) and 4 M GuHCl - 0.5 M EDTA and to comigrate with
      authentic bovine osteonectin on SDS-PAGE with a relative mass approximately 38
      000. Furthermore, osteonectin from guanidine extracts of ligament was bound to
      hydroxyapatite in the presence of 4 M GuHCl. Immunofluorescence studies showed
      the osteonectin to be distributed throughout the extracellular matrix of the
      ligament and to be present within the ligament fibroblasts in a perinuclear,
      punctate distribution. Biosynthesis of osteonectin by ligament fibroblasts was
      studied following pulse-chase labelling with [35S]methionine and
      immunoprecipitation. The labelled osteonectin in the chased culture medium
      represented approximately 0.5% of the total labelled proteins secreted. It
      comigrated on SDS-PAGE with the corresponding labelled protein from pulsed cells
      and with the protein extracted from the tissue.

PMID- 6380687
TI  - The biochemistry of preneoplastic liver: a common metabolic pattern in hepatocyte
      nodules.
AB  - The biochemical properties of putative preneoplastic hepatocyte nodules as they
      relate to the metabolism of xenobiotics have been reviewed briefly. A common
      pattern with low phase I components and elevated phase II components appears
      evident. The phase I components included microsomal cytochromes P-450 in
      composite and four different mixed function oxygenase activities. The activities
      in the nodules were 50% or less of the control values. The phase II components
      included glutathione, glutathione S-transferases and UDP-glucuronyl transferase 1
      and showed two- to five-fold elevations. In addition, activities of microsomal
      epoxide hydrolase, cytosolic DT-diaphorase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase were
      all elevated in nodules. The possible significance of this biochemical pattern in
      analyzing the diversity of biochemical expressions of cancer, in the mechanism of
      cancer development, and in understanding the suggested role of physiological
      adaptation in carcinogenesis is discussed.

PMID- 6380688
TI  - A highly thermostable proline:tRNA ligase from Thermus aquaticus. Purification
      and enzyme-tRNA recognition at elevated temperatures.
AB  - Proline:tRNA ligase from Thermus aquaticus was purified to homogeneity and
      characterized. Its molecular weight was found to be 127 000, consisting of two
      identical subunits. It catalysed the prolylation of tRNAPro from Escherichia coli
      with a bell-shaped pH dependence peaking at about pH 7 and exhibited extreme
      thermostability. The Vm/Km ratios of steady-state kinetics for proline and ATP as
      well as tRNAPro were not extensively diminished even at 85 degrees C, but
      prolylation became insignificant at 90 degrees C. Since the melting of tRNAPro
      was in progress, yet incomplete, at 85 degrees C, these findings suggest that
      some threshold level of conformational integrity of tRNAPro, rather than the
      entire unmelted conformation of the molecule, is essential to effective
      recognition by the proline:tRNA ligase.

PMID- 6380689
TI  - Ergonomic considerations in computer implementation: a primer.

PMID- 6380690
TI  - A design for the development of a computer assisted instruction tutorial module.

PMID- 6380691
TI  - Gordon Murray Lecture. Organ transplantation and cyclosporin A.

PMID- 6380692
TI  - Intraoperative single-dose heparin prophylaxis against deep-vein thrombosis.
AB  - This randomized prospective study examines the efficacy of intravenously
      administered heparin as prophylaxis against deep-vein thrombosis, detected
      isotopically with iodine 125, in 37 patients scheduled to undergo major abdominal
      procedures. Twenty patients were given 5000 units of sodium heparin on opening
      the abdominal cavity, while 17 patients who did not receive heparin acted as
      controls. The effect of heparin was reversed at the end of the operative
      procedure by protamine. Three control patients had deep-vein thrombosis
      postoperatively but only one heparin-treated patient did. Complications in the
      treated group included excessive blood loss intraoperatively in one patient and
      an incisional hernia postoperatively in another. Although the results are not
      statistically significant, this study suggests that a single dose of heparin
      given intravenously during operation is a safe and effective means of prophylaxis
      against deep-vein thrombosis in patients who undergo general surgical procedures.
      Studies are now being carried out to determine the optimal dose of heparin, time
      of administration and duration of anticoagulation.

PMID- 6380693
TI  - A single preoperative dose of cefazolin prevents postoperative sepsis in high
      risk biliary surgery.
AB  - To test the ability of cefazolin, given in a single dose preoperatively, to
      prevent infection in high-risk patients after biliary tract surgery, the authors
      conducted a double-blind, prospective, randomized, controlled study. Of 92
      patients operated on for acute cholecystitis or bile-duct disease, 46 were given
      2 g of cefazolin intravenously before operation. Bile was contaminated with
      bacteria in 36% to 50% of patients with acute cholecystitis, obstructive
      jaundice, bile-duct disease without jaundice, or over 50 years old compared with
      only 5% of patients with chronic cholecystitis or under 50 years of age.
      Postoperative sepsis was eight times more frequent in patients with contaminated
      bile than in those without. Only 1 patient who received cefazolin had a wound
      infection, but 9 of the 46 patients in the control group did. The bacteria
      causing wound sepsis were similar to those in the contaminated bile. The authors
      conclude that a single dose of cefazolin given intravenously before operation
      provides effective prophylaxis against infection in high-risk biliary tract
      surgery.

PMID- 6380694
TI  - Dr. Robert Tait McKenzie: Canada's renaissance man.

PMID- 6380695
TI  - Levamisole as adjuvant to chemotherapy of ovarian cancer. Results of a randomized
      trial and 4-year follow-up.
AB  - The results of a randomized trial, stratified according to age and stage of
      disease, in 140 patients with ovarian cancer are presented. The drug, levamisole,
      or a placebo was given as adjuvant to cytotoxic chemotherapy for 12 months after
      maximal surgical reduction of tumor. Because of severe side effects, levamisole
      treatment was discontinued in 8 of 69 patients (marked neutropenia in 5, severe
      skin rashes in 3). There were no significant differences in the survival curve
      and mean duration of survival between levamisole-treated and placebo-treated
      groups during the 4 years of follow-up, except for patients with Stage II
      disease. Among these latter patients, the survival rate became progressively much
      lower in the levamisole-treated group and the difference reached statistical
      significance after the second year of follow-up (P less than 0.01). In view of
      the inconclusive evidence that levamisole provides a beneficial effect (in fact,
      there is concern of a deleterious effect) and the serious side effects, the drug
      should not be used in patients with ovarian cancer.

PMID- 6380696
TI  - Dr. Frank M. Schabel Jr.

PMID- 6380697
TI  - Primary and acquired resistance to antineoplastic chemotherapy. A preclinical and
      clinical study.
AB  - Due to ethical restrictions, dose-response relationships may not be appreciated
      in clinical trials as clearly as in preclinical tumor models. Furthermore, tumor
      heterogeneity sets the pharmacology of antineoplastic agents somewhat apart from
      general pharmacology, since for each individual tumor there may be a distinct
      dose-response curve describing tumor-inhibitory effects of a given drug. This has
      been documented by a panel of human tumor xenografts derived from patients with
      disseminated malignant melanoma who participated in an open Phase II clinical
      trial. Patients who were refractory to dacarbazine received the combination of
      ifosfamide and cisplatin and vice versa. In the xenograft model four additional
      DNA-damaging agents were tested. Heterogeneity of response to antineoplastic drug
      treatment was evident in three ways: (1) tumor volume responses of individual
      mice bearing a certain xenograft line varied considerably after exposure to a
      certain drug at a specified dose level; (2) at equitoxic dose levels response of
      a given xenograft line to different DNA-damaging agents was quite heterogeneous,
      covering a range of almost two decades; and (3) if the panel of xenograft lines
      derived from different donors was exposed to a battery of DNA-damaging drugs at
      the LD 10/30 level, some lines revealed unique chemosensitivity patterns in
      contrast to more uniform resistance displayed by a minority of lines. Preclinical
      and clinical responses correlated well, and thus the relevance of dose-response
      relationships observed in the xenograft model to clinical treatment strategies is
      discussed.

PMID- 6380698
TI  - Pharmacokinetic studies in lung cancer patients.
AB  - Pharmacokinetic measurements to monitor and design cytotoxic treatments in cancer
      patients are being used more and more in order to optimize dosage and
      administration schedules. Ideally, information on drug concentrations over time
      should help reveal dose-response correlations. The cytotoxic drugs carmustine,
      etoposide, cyclophosphamide, iphosphamide, cis-diammineplatinum, Adriamycin
      (doxorubicin), and 4'-epi-Adriamycin have been monitored on different treatment
      programs of patients with advanced lung cancers. The collected experience
      emphasizes the many individual variables encountered in clinical practice
      complicating the effort of correlating pharmacokinetic data with clinical
      results. The examples, presented on the basis of the authors' experiences,
      pertain to drug instability, gastrointestinal absorption, enzymatic induction in
      the liver, drug interaction, and drug tissue concentrations.

PMID- 6380699
TI  - Dose-response relationship in clinical oncology.
AB  - The relationship of dose (and dose rate) to response and toxicity in clinical
      oncology is reviewed. The concepts expressed by some authors in dose-response
      studies in animal and human systems are reviewed briefly. Dose rate and tactics
      of conducting clinical studies are reviewed for both radiotherapy and various
      types of chemotherapeutic treatment. Examples are given from clinical studies in
      Hodgkin's disease, acute leukemia, and breast cancer that may prove useful in
      planning future clinical studies.

PMID- 6380700
TI  - Immunologic phenotypes of diffuse, aggressive, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
      Correlation with clinical features.
AB  - The immunologic phenotypes of 59 cases of diffuse, aggressive, non-Hodgkin's
      lymphomas were determined using a battery of immunologic and cytochemical
      techniques. Included were cases of diffuse, large cell "histiocytic," mixed cell,
      undifferentiated non-Burkitt's. Burkitt's lymphoma, lymphoblastic lymphoma, and
      mycosis fungoides/Sezary's syndrome were excluded from this study since these are
      distinct clinicopathologic entities with well-recognized immunologic phenotypes.
      The immunotype could be determined in 57/59 (97%) cases tested: 31 of 59 cases
      (53%) were B-cell type, 25 of 59 (42%) were peripheral T-cell type, and one was
      true histiocytic. Two cases had no detectable markers and were called "null
      cell." This relatively high frequency of peripheral T-cell lymphomas in an
      American series previously has not been observed and may be a result of
      progressive improvements in immunologic techniques. Monoclonal anti-T cell
      antibody staining was performed in 11 T-cell cases and corroborated the findings
      using spontaneous E-rosette formation. Eight of the T-cell lymphomas had a helper
      cell phenotype whereas one had a suppressor cell phenotype and two could not be
      subclassified. All B-cell lymphomas in this series possessed monoclonal surface
      immunoglobulin detected by direct immunofluorescence of viable cells. Enzyme
      cytochemistry profiles only partially correlated with immunotype and were not
      believed to be helpful in the determination of specific phenotypes. There were no
      significant differences between the B-cell and T-cell diffuse aggressive
      lymphomas with respect to sex, constitutional symptoms, stages, sites of
      extranodal involvement, complete remission rate, or survival when they were
      studied prior to the initiation of aggressive therapy. Although immunotyping can
      be successfully performed in essentially all cases of diffuse, aggressive non
      Hodgkin's lymphomas, to date, the authors have been unable to demonstrate that
      immunotype alone has an independent prognostic effect.

PMID- 6380701
TI  - Nerve growth factor may function as a survival factor for human neuroblastoma
      cells in culture.
AB  - Cells from two human neuroblastomas were found to exhibit a marked dependency on
      nerve growth factor (NGF) for survival in primary cultures. Cells from both
      tumors also responded to NGF by forming processes, but survival was not
      necessarily associated with process outgrowth. Lines of replicating cells could
      not be obtained from either tumor. NGF-dependent survival has not previously been
      reported as a characteristic of NGF-responsive human neuroblastoma cells in
      primary cultures or in cultures of established cell lines. Our findings suggest
      that tumors which require NGF for survival might constitute a biologically
      distinctive subset of neuroblastomas, or that NGF might function as a survival
      factor for some human neuroblastomas only in suboptimal or deleterious
      environments.

PMID- 6380702
TI  - Therapy-related leukemia associated with myelofibrosis. Blast cell
      characterization in six cases.
AB  - Six patients exhibiting severe pancytopenia or overt leukemia associated with
      myelofibrosis after chemotherapy for malignant disease have been investigated by
      immunologic techniques and ultrastructural cytochemistry. Initially, five
      patients displayed severe thrombocytopenia contrasting with mild neutropenia and
      anemia. Bone marrow biopsies showed a clear megakaryocytic proliferation and an
      excess of immature mononuclear cells. The demonstration of peroxidase activities
      at the ultrastructural level and immunofluorescence labeling with a panel of
      monoclonal antibodies, including an antiplatelet glycoprotein Ib and an
      antiglycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex, on blood or marrow cells, permitted
      identification of otherwise unidentifiable promegakaryoblastic proliferation. In
      two patients, the use of an immunoperoxidase technique with an antifactor VIII-R
      Ag antibody has allowed direct confirmation of this diagnosis on bone marrow
      sections. This megakaryoblastic proliferation was not pure and was variably
      associated with blasts of other cell lines (erythroblasts or myeloblasts).
      Changes in the population of blasts were observed during evolution in two
      patients. The sixth patient had a mild thrombocytopenia associated with severe
      neutropenia and anemia. Bone marrow biopsy displayed a myelofibrosis and immature
      cells, without megakaryocytic proliferation. Ultrastructural study revealed a
      pure basophil-mast cell proliferation. In conclusion, in five of six patients
      with secondary acute leukemia associated with myelofibrosis, a proliferation of
      promegakaryoblasts was demonstrated using both immunofluorescent and
      ultrastructural cytochemical techniques.

PMID- 6380703
TI  - Pregnancy-specific beta-1 glycoprotein (SP-1) in breast carcinoma. Pathologic and
      clinical considerations.
AB  - Ectopic production of placental proteins by a variety of nontrophoblastic
      epithelial tumors is well recognized. Pregnancy-specific beta-1 glycoprotein (SP
      1), a recently described placental protein, has been detected both in the serum
      and tumors of patients with breast carcinoma. To assess the significance of SP-1
      in breast carcinoma, we stained 139 cases of primary breast carcinoma for SP-1
      using the immunoperoxidase technique. Overall, 55 (40%) of breast cancers were
      positive for SP-1; focal positivity was also noted in normal breast epithelium
      and fibrocystic disease. Both intraductal (32%) and infiltrating duct (43%)
      carcinomas were more often positive than either in situ (5%) or infiltrating
      (26%) lobular carcinomas. SP-1 positivity in tumors of infiltrating duct
      morphology less than 3 cm in diameter, correlated highly (P less than 0.01) with
      the presence of axillary lymph node metastases. The presence of SP-1 in normal
      breast epithelium and fibrocystic disease and the low rate of positivity in
      lobular carcinoma casts doubt on the usefulness of SP-1 as a tumor marker.
      However, these findings suggest that immunopositivity for SP-1 in small
      infiltrating duct carcinomas may be an indicator of poor prognosis.

PMID- 6380704
TI  - Genetics, biomarkers, and control of breast cancer: a review.
AB  - More has been written about the epidemiology of breast cancer than possibly any
      other form of cancer affecting mankind. However, in the face of this intense
      interest, only a paucity of attention has been given to the role of genetics in
      its etiology. This review represents an attempt by the investigators to provide a
      comprehensive coverage of hereditary breast cancer. Included are pertinent
      endogeneous and exogeneous risk factors, which in certain circumstances, may
      significantly influence the role of primary genetic factors. Hereditary breast
      cancer is heterogeneous. When discussing the subject, therefore, one must be
      precise relevant to the particular heterogeneous form of concern, based on
      differing tumor associations. It is probably not appropriate to discuss
      "hereditary breast cancer" without qualification of the specific hereditary
      breast cancer syndrome of concern; i.e., the SBLA syndrome, breast/ovarian cancer
      syndrome, and others. This reasoning also applies to attempts at linking
      biomarkers to hereditary breast cancer. Finally, in addition to ongoing
      discussions on the cardinal principles that associate with hereditary forms of
      breast cancer, its frequency, and new developments in biomarkers, we have
      provided surveillance/management programs that embrace those facets of the
      natural history of this disease.

PMID- 6380705
TI  - Glutathione metabolism as a determinant of therapeutic efficacy: a review.
AB  - Glutathione, as the chief nonprotein intracellular sulfhydryl, affects the
      efficacy and interactions of a variety of antineoplastic interventions, mainly
      through nucleophilic thioether formation or oxidation-reduction reactions. Thus,
      glutathione plays a role in the detoxification and repair of cellular injury by
      such diverse agents as mechlorethamine, melphalan, cyclophosphamide,
      nitrosoureas, 6-thiopurine, 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide, the
      quinone antibiotics (including Adriamycin, daunorubicin, and mitomycin C), the
      sesquiterpene lactones (such as vernolepin), and other sulfhydryl-reactive
      diterpenes (like jatrophone). Glutathione may play a similar role in host and
      tumor cell responses to radiation, hyperthermia, and the reactive reduction
      products of oxygen secreted by inflammatory cells. Further, glutathione
      participates in the formation of toxic metabolites of such chemotherapeutics as
      azathioprine and bleomycin and may affect the cellular uptake of other agents,
      such as methotrexate. It seems likely that alterations in glutathione metabolism
      of tumor or host as a result of one therapeutic intervention may affect the
      outcome of concurrent treatments. Knowledge of these interactions may be useful
      in designing combination therapy for neoplastic disease.

PMID- 6380706
TI  - Mutagenic activity of tumor-associated macrophages in Salmonella typhimurium
      strains TA98 and TA 100.
AB  - Suspensions of cells from a series of strain BALB/cfC3H mouse mammary tumors, and
      adherent and nonadherent cells from the tumors, were tested for their ability to
      increase the mutation rate of Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA98 and
      TA100. Significant increases were seen with cells from three of four tumor lines
      tested on the TA98 strain and with one of four tested on the TA100 strain. The
      mutagenic activity was due primarily to cells in the adherent fractions which
      were greatly enriched for macrophages.

PMID- 6380707
TI  - Selection of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine-resistant human T-lymphoblasts with
      altered ribonucleotide reductase activity.
AB  - We sought to define the cellular activity that mediates resistance in human
      leukemic cells (CCRF-CEM) to the nucleoside 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara
      A). Stable mutants were obtained by continuous selection at ara-A concentrations
      of 1 or 2.5 microM in the presence of the adenosine deaminase inhibitor 2'
      deoxycoformycin. Four clones selected for further investigation were 4- to 11
      fold less sensitive to the cytotoxicity of ara-A than the parental CCRF-CEM line.
      These clones also showed cross-resistance to deoxyadenosine and thymidine, but
      normal sensitivity to arabinosylcytosine and adenosine, and increased sensitivity
      to the etoposide VP16-213. No change was found in the activity of kinases that
      phosphorylate ara-A and the various nucleosides that could account for the
      resistant phenotype in these mutant lines. Resistance was associated with a 2- to
      8-fold increase in the level of all four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. The
      triphosphate pools in the mutants were resistant to the inhibition produced in
      wild-type cells by addition of deoxy-adenosine or thymidine, although significant
      activation in the deoxyguanosine triphosphate pool was obtained by higher
      concentrations of thymidine. An examination of ribonucleotide reductase in
      extracts of two of the mutants revealed a specific alteration in the normal
      sensitivity of the enzyme for deoxyadenosine triphosphate and adenosine
      triphosphate but not 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine 5'-triphosphate. When the
      level of ribonucleotide reductase activity was measured, it was found that the
      ara-A-resistant cells contained approximately twice the wild-type level of
      cytidine diphosphate reductase activity at physiological adenosine triphosphate
      level. This combination of increased enzyme activity and alteration in
      sensitivity to the nucleoside triphosphates could account for both the changes in
      deoxyribonucleotide pool sizes and the resistant phenotype of the presumed
      mutants.

PMID- 6380708
TI  - Identification of a human cancer-associated antigen defined with monoclonal
      antibody.
AB  - Splenic lymphocytes of BALB/c mice immunized with a glycoprotein-enriched
      fraction of human ovarian adenocarcinoma were fused with the mouse myeloma cell
      line P3/NS1/1-Ag4 in the presence of polyethylene glycol (Mr 4,000). The hybrid
      cultures were screened in an indirect solid-phase radioimmunoassay for the
      production of relevant antibodies. Hybrids that produced antibodies which bound
      to the glycoprotein-enriched fractions of ovarian tumors but not to the similar
      fractions prepared from pooled normal ovary or sera were cloned twice by the
      limiting dilution method. Two such clones designated 4F4 and 7A10 were expanded
      in culture and also were grown in mice as ascitic tumors. The immunoglobulin
      isotype of the clones was of immunoglobulin G1 subclass with kappa light chains.
      Immunoprecipitation followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis was used to detect the target antigen in 125I-labeled
      glycoprotein-enriched fractions of ovarian tumors. A single-chain Mr 48,000
      peptide was identified by both clones 4F4 and 7A10. This antigen, which showed
      binding to concanavalin A-Sepharose, was designated gp48. Monoclonal antibodies
      against gp48 reacted significantly in radioimmunoassay to approximately 90% of
      human ovarian tumors and 60% of other tumors, both benign and malignant, but not
      to normal adult tissues or sera. Quantitative absorption analyses indicated that
      although the antigen was present in small amounts in some normal adult tissues
      such as cervix and intestine, it was present in much higher concentrations in
      most ovarian tumors, in some other tumors, and in fetal intestine and liver.
      Immunoperoxidase staining of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of solid
      ovarian adenocarcinomas revealed strong epithelial reactivity. Monoclonal
      antibodies to gp48 may be of value for the follow-up and immunotherapy of a
      variety of human tumors.

PMID- 6380709
TI  - Metabolism and binding of cyclophosphamide and its metabolite acrolein to rat
      hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450.
AB  - The hepatic cytochrome P-450-mediated metabolism and metabolic activation of
      [chloroethyl-3H]cyclophosphamide [( chloroethyl-3H]CP) and [4
      14C]cyclophosphamide [( 4-14C]CP) were investigated in vitro in the reconstituted
      system containing cytochrome P-450 isolated from phenobarbital-treated rats. In
      addition, hepatic microsomal binding and the hepatic microsome-mediated
      metabolism of [14C]acrolein, a metabolite of [4-14C]CP, were also investigated.
      The metabolism of [chloroethyl-3H]CP and [4-14C]CP to polar metabolites was found
      to depend on the presence of NADPH and showed concentration dependence with
      respect to cytochrome P-450 and NADPH:cytochrome P-450 reductase. Km and Vmax
      values were essentially similar (Km, 0.44 and 0.42 mM; Vmax, 4.8 and 7.0 nmol of
      polar metabolites formed/min/nmol of cytochrome P-450 for [4-14C]CP and
      [chloroethyl-3H]CP, respectively). The patterns of inhibition by microsomal mixed
      function oxidase inhibitors, anti-cytochrome P-450 antibody, and heat
      denaturation of the cytochrome P-450 were essentially similar, with subtle
      differences between [4-14C]CP and [chloroethyl-3H]CP metabolism. The order of
      inhibition by various mixed-function oxidase inhibitors was SKF greater than
      alpha- and beta-naphthoflavones greater than metyrapone. The in vitro metabolic
      activation of CP in the reconstituted system demonstrated predominant binding of
      [chloroethyl-3H]CP to nucleic acids and almost exclusive binding of [4-14C]CP to
      proteins. Gel electrophoresis-fluorography of the proteins in the reconstituted
      system treated with [4-14C]CP demonstrated localization of the 14C label in the
      cytochrome P-450 region. To examine this association further, hepatic microsomes
      were modified with [14C]acrolein in the presence and the absence of NADPH. The
      results confirmed covalent association between [14C]acrolein and cytochrome P-450
      in the microsomes and also demonstrated further metabolism of [14C]acrolein,
      apparently to an epoxide, which is capable of binding covalently to proteins. The
      results of these investigations not only confirm the significance of primary
      metabolism but also emphasize the potential role of the secondary metabolism of
      cyclophosphamide in some of its toxic manifestations.

PMID- 6380710
TI  - Immunoassay for melanoma-associated proteoglycan in the sera of patients using
      monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies.
AB  - A melanoma-associated proteoglycan antigen is expressed by primary cutaneous and
      ocular melanomas, metastatic melanomas, nevus cells, some astrocytomas, and fetal
      fibroblasts, and it is shed into culture supernatant by both melanoma and nevus
      cells. The antigen is also expressed by tumor cells in vivo. Melanoma and nevus
      cells, but not normal melanocytes, were specifically stained by the
      immunoperoxidase procedure. The proteoglycan antigen, purified by immunoaffinity
      chromatography using a monoclonal antibody that specifically detects this
      antigen, was used to immunize rabbits. The resulting serum was tested by
      sequential immunoprecipitation and found to react with the same population of
      molecules detected by the anti-proteoglycan monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore,
      the reactivity patterns of the rabbit serum and of the monoclonal antibodies with
      a variety of tumor and normal cells were the same. Based on the these data, we
      conclude that the entire proteoglycan molecule is a melanoma-associated antigen.
      The monoclonal antibodies and immunoglobulin from the rabbit serum were tested in
      a double determinant immunoassay for the detection of antigen in a total of 339
      sera from patients with various diseases. Elevated levels of circulating
      proteoglycan antigen were found in 76% of patients with a high metastatic
      melanoma tumor burden compared to 2% of healthy donors. A fraction (22%) of
      patients with light tumor burden or nonmelanoma neoplastic disease also had
      elevated levels of circulating proteoglycan antigen. The source of the antigen
      for the latter patients may be collagenous connective tissue which, as judged by
      immunoperoxidase staining, expresses the antigen in both normal and transformed
      tissues.

PMID- 6380711
TI  - The clinical efficacy of localized hyperthermia.
AB  - Localized hyperthermia alone can induce regressions in human neoplasms, but
      superior results can be obtained by integrating hyperthermia with even low doses
      of radiotherapy. Several clinical trials demonstrate that hyperthermia plus
      irradiation can produce higher tumor response rates than the same irradiation
      alone. While minimal enhancement of irradiation effects on normal tissues is
      reported, this may be due in part to the physical localization of the heating
      preferentially in tumors, often assisted by normal tissue cooling or shielding.
      These advantages may exist only in special circumstances in the treatment of deep
      tumor volumes. A variety of hyperthermia and irradiation fractionation schemes
      has been used; the optimal one(s) is yet to be clearly established. To date, no
      tumor histology has been shown to be more sensitive than another, although the
      relative radioresistance of melanomas, especially to smaller fraction sizes, is
      substantially offset by the addition of hyperthermia. Larger tumor volumes are
      more difficult to heat and achieve lower response rates, but may be relatively
      less problematic for combined hyperthermia and irradiation than for irradiation
      alone. Currently used microwave and unfocused ultrasound applicators, when used
      singly, usually achieve potentially therapeutic temperatures to only about 2- to
      4-cm depth, although site-specific tissue characteristics may greatly alter this
      in individual circumstances. Anatomical factors limit the number of sites which
      can be usefully treated because of inflexibilities of the currently available
      equipment. Single-point temperature measurements during treatment correlate
      poorly with tumor response, while minimum mean tumor temperatures may correlate
      more strongly. Local and radicular pain occurs commonly during treatment,
      superficial burns occur occasionally, but major tissue complications have been
      reported rarely. While the efficacy of localized hyperthermia in augmenting tumor
      responses to irradiation with acceptable toxicity is established, much important
      clinical work remains to be done in carefully defined treatment protocols.

PMID- 6380712
TI  - Local hyperthermia with interstitial techniques.
AB  - The heating of deep visceral tumors with implanted electrodes and with self
      regulating ferromagnetic thermoseeds was investigated. Clinical trials on six
      patients heated with implanted electrodes indicate that good local tumor control
      can be obtained by application of hyperthermia during a normal course of
      radiotherapy. The heating method was found practical, and neither toxicity nor
      severe patient discomfort was encountered. However, temperature inhomogeneity
      within the tumor volume remains a problem. Theoretical studies and an animal
      experiment indicate that temperature homogeneity can be largely improved by
      heating the tumor with thermoseeds made of an alloy of 70.4% nickel and 29.6%
      copper. The highly temperature-dependent rate of heat production in the vicinity
      of the Curie point, about 50 degrees for this material, provides automatic
      temperature regulation.

PMID- 6380713
TI  - Combined interstitial irradiation and localized current field hyperthermia:
      results and conclusions from clinical studies.
AB  - Low-dose-rate continuous irradiation in conjunction with localized current fields
      has been investigated in Phase I human trials at several institutions since 1977.
      To date, nearly 100 patients with a variety of malignant lesions (carcinomas,
      melanomas, sarcomas, lymphomas) in different anatomical locations (skin, head and
      neck, breast, pelvis, extremities) have been entered into experimental protocols.
      Different radiation and thermal dose levels have been evaluated. Significant
      progress in equipment and techniques has been accomplished. A wide range of
      complete response rates (38 to 83%) and complication rates (7 to 25%) has been
      reported. Analysis of results showed a good correlation of complete response
      rates with the radiation dose level and minimum temperature. The most successful
      regimens included either an "optimal radiation dose" (greater than 6000 rads) or
      an "effective time-averaged minimum temperature" (44 degrees). Important
      considerations in the design of clinical trials for Phases II and III are: (a) in
      regimens with curative aim, a hyperthermic effect may not be achieved in all
      regional sites of disease, especially in those areas harboring subclinical
      disease. Radiation dose-fractionation schedules of proven adjuvant efficacy thus
      must be used; (b) whether the total radiation dose to the site of bulky disease
      when combined with hyperthermia can be reduced without loss of therapeutic
      efficacy relative to conventional radiation doses is critically dependent upon
      minimum temperatures and uniformity of temperature within the tumor; (c)
      optimized combined therapy is likely to reflect a high level of quality assurance
      in administering both the interstitial irradiation and the interstitial
      hyperthermia; (d) the present criteria for evaluation of tumor response (no
      response, partial response, and complete response) are clinically meaningless.
      The criterion, "local control" or "failure," should be adopted in future trials
      in Phases II and III with the curative aim to allow comparison of results with
      historical or concurrent controls treated with radiation alone.

PMID- 6380714
TI  - Regional hyperthermia: a clinical appraisal of noninvasive deep-heating methods.
AB  - The concentric single-turn self-resonant coil operated at 13.56 MHz (CC) and the
      annular array applicator (AA) operated at 55 to 100 MHz are the only regional
      heating devices the clinical use of which has been subjected to sufficient
      thermometric characterization to be evaluable. The clinical heating
      characteristics and toxicity of both devices are reviewed. When spatial
      temperature measurements have been made during clinical treatments with the CC,
      the observed temperatures have been consistent with theoretical predictions and
      phantom studies; temperatures fall with increasing radial depth, and potentially
      injurious heating in superficial normal tissues and ineffective heating in deep
      seated tumor loci have been commonly observed. The CC is ineffective in heating
      central pelvic tumors due to inadequate penetration and power-limiting
      sacrococcygeal pain. The AA has been demonstrated to heat many deep pelvic tumors
      to maximum temperatures greater than 42-43 degrees without significant side
      effects, but further study is needed to determine the feasibility of achieving
      higher minimum tumor temperatures and longer treatment durations. In the upper
      abdomen, the AA appears to have a slight superiority in rapid tumor heating at
      depth, but both devices have major limitations with insufficient penetration (CC)
      or treatment limiting systemic heating (AA). There has been no adequately
      thermometrically documented experience with heating in the deep thorax with
      either device.

PMID- 6380715
TI  - The utility of thermal dose as a predictor of tumor and normal tissue responses
      to combined radiation and hyperthermia.
AB  - A total of 236 dogs and cats with a variety of cancers were randomized to receive
      radiation (XRT) or heat plus XRT. In those tumors which were heated, thermal
      gradients developed which varied in temperature minima and maxima. The influence
      of the thermal gradient characteristics on tumor and normal tissue responses was
      examined by correlation of response with the magnitude of gradient minima and
      maxima. Using multivariate analysis, the influence of other factors such as tumor
      histology, volume, site, heat treatment method, and number of heat fractions on
      tumor response was examined. Of all factors examined, tumor volume and non-site
      specific average minimum equivalent min at 43 degrees emerged as consistent
      predictors of both complete response rate (p less than 0.001) and duration
      response (p less than 0.05). No significant enhancement of moist desquamation or
      late fibrosis was seen for heat + XRT versus XRT alone. The incidence of direct
      thermal injury to skin was positively correlated with maximum intratumoral
      equivalent min at 43 degrees. These results indicate that a therapeutic gain is
      achievable with heat + XRT, but successful application of the therapy is
      dependent on achieving high tumor thermal gradient minima and low maxima.

PMID- 6380716
TI  - Thermal dose expression in clinical hyperthermia and correlation with tumor
      response/control.
AB  - Thermal dose has been identified as one of the most important factors which
      influence the efficacy of hyperthermia. Adequate temperature must be delivered
      for an appropriate period of time to the entire tumor volume in order to achieve
      optimal therapeutic results. Present clinical thermometry systems provide coarse
      temperature readings, since only selected tumor or normal tissue temperatures are
      monitored. Experimental in vitro and in vivo data suggest that the minimal
      temperature observed in the tumor determines therapeutic effectiveness.
      Unfortunately, at the present time, clinical data documenting these observations
      are scarce. The inhomogeneity of temperature distribution throughout the tumor
      volume makes difficult accurate correlations with tumor response and subsequent
      tumor control. Several mathematical models have been offered to express the time
      temperature equivalency in relation to a reference temperature (43 degrees
      equivalent). Factors such as step-down heating, fractionated hyperthermia,
      thermal adaptation, and combination with irradiation, in addition to
      physiological parameters such as blood flow, play a major role in the expression
      of thermal dose. In order to meaningfully express thermal dose in clinical
      hyperthermia, several procedures are recommended, such as static phantom studies
      of specific absorption rate distributions for heat delivery equipment, detailed
      thermal mapping in hyperthermia sessions, development of reliable predictive
      biomathematical models to express temperature-time equivalency, and the fostering
      of research in 3-dimensional noninvasive clinical thermometry.

PMID- 6380717
TI  - Problem of sequence and fractionation in the clinical application of combined
      heat and radiation.
AB  - Tumor control, thermal enhancement, and therapeutic effect have been evaluated in
      a series of studies on 77 patients with a total of 163 multiple superficial
      lesions by using different protocols of combined radiotherapy and local external
      hyperthermia. Local tumor control and recurrence rate were constantly better in
      lesions treated with combined treatment in comparison with those treated with
      radiotherapy alone, regardless of treatment schedule. The enhancement of tumor
      control appeared to be related to both the magnitude of the applied heat and the
      size of radiation fractions, in that an increase in either produced an increase
      in tumor control. When tumor and critical normal tissue were heated to the same
      temperature, the immediate combination of heat and large radiation fractions
      resulted in a pronounced enhancement of tumor control, but the concomitantly
      heated normal tissue showed an increased percentage of radiation reaction,
      resulting in a low therapeutic advantage. By introducing an interval of 4 hr
      between the two modalities or by delivering few heat fractions during the course
      of a conventional fractionation radiotherapy, the enhancement of tumor control
      was lower, but the increase in skin reaction was minimal, resulting in a clearly
      improved therapeutic effect. When the tumor could be preferentially heated with
      respect to normal tissue, the immediate combination of the highest hyperthermic
      treatment and the largest radiation fractions resulted in the best therapeutic
      advantage, since no increase of skin reaction was observed.

PMID- 6380718
TI  - Past clinical studies and future directions.
AB  - The biological rationale for hyperthermia and radiation is strong, initial
      results in superficial tumor sites have established efficacy in human cancer, and
      deep tumor sites are beginning to yield to our efforts at deep regional heating.
      Major thrusts of new clinical research should go toward improved equipment and
      defining techniques with existing devices, which can lead us into definitive
      Phase III trials to assess the role of regional hyperthermia in primary
      multimodality management of cancer. Detailed thermometry is an absolute
      requirement for all future clinical studies. Invasive techniques to achieve deep
      hyperthermia are under investigation and may prove to be useful. Whole-body
      hyperthermia with radiation and/or chemotherapy has been less well studied in the
      laboratory than has local hyperthermia, and studies to show clinical efficacy in
      humans are lacking.

PMID- 6380719
TI  - Digital angiography in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease.
AB  - Based on experimental and clinical studies, the technical aspects (choice of
      projection, injection technique), experimental and clinical results, and the
      indications for computerized digital angiography in congenital heart disease are
      reviewed. To obtain high-quality diagnostic images consistently, ECG-gating,
      suspended or gated respiration, and short pulsewidth acquisition are required.
      Clinically useful diagnostic information has been acquired in children with
      suspected functional murmurs, cardiac surgery that is believed to be inadequate,
      and in cyanotic newborns after intravenous injection of contrast material.
      Increased diagnostic information has also been obtained after intracardiac
      injection of small amounts of contrast and computerized digital processing of
      images in children undergoing cardiac catheterization.

PMID- 6380720
TI  - Use of intracoronary KCl in the beating and asystolic heart to determine the
      mechanism of initiation of the left ventricular mechanoreceptor reflex.
AB  - To provide further evidence that the veratrum alkaloids' mechanical, positive
      inotropic effect and not their chemical depolarising action predominates in
      initiating the left ventricular mechanoreceptor (including the Bezold) reflex the
      effect of intracoronary KCl, a chemical depolarising agent like the veratrum
      alkaloids, but with a negative inotropic effect, was studied in beating and
      verapamil-asystolic hearts. Five dogs were placed on a total cardiac bypass,
      pneumonectomised and their coronary and systemic circulations isolated and
      perfused separately, at a constant rate, so that changes in systemic pressure
      reflected changes in systemic resistance. Injection of 5 mmol X litre-1 KCl into
      the isolated coronary circulation caused cardiac asystole and a resultant reflex
      rise in systemic pressure (resistance) of 26 +/- 9% (p less than 0.05) above the
      control of 10.5 +/- 0.7 kPa (79 +/- 5 mmHg). This pressure rise, which indicates
      predominance of KCl's mechanical, negative inotropic over its chemical
      depolarising effect, was abolished by vagotomy, indicating its reflex nature.
      Contrariwise, in five other pneumonectomised dogs, similarly perfused on total
      cardiac bypass but with cardiac asystole from intracoronary verapamil, a
      subsequent, similar intracoronary dose of KCl now produced a fall in systemic
      pressure (resistance) of 8 +/- 2% (p less than 0.005) below the control of 12.8
      +/- 0.5 kPa (96 +/- 4 mmHg). This pressure fall, presumably due to chemical
      depolarisation of the left ventricular mechanoreceptors, was also abolished by
      vagotomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6380721
TI  - Human insulin and insulin pumps.

PMID- 6380722
TI  - Salsalate for arthritis: a clinical evaluation.
AB  - In an open-label trial, 182 patients with common forms of arthritis were treated
      with 3 gm of salsalate daily (two 750-mg tablets twice daily) for 15 days. Before
      entering the study, these patients had received a wide variety of antiarthritic
      medications. Five indices of disease severity (pain, stiffness, joint swelling,
      limitation of motion, and disability) were evaluated before and after salsalate
      therapy, the incidence of side effects was tabulated before and after treatment,
      and patient compliance with the salsalate regimen was assessed. A reduction in
      disease symptoms was noted in 79% of the treated patients. Median improvement,
      measured on a summary index, was 47%. The incidence of side effects experienced
      with previous therapy was reduced by 65% during salsalate administration. Patient
      compliance with the regimen was greater than 95%. The findings show salsalate to
      be effective and safe in ameliorating the symptoms of arthritic disease. The
      convenient twice-daily dosage regimen makes this drug particularly suitable for
      chronic use.

PMID- 6380723
TI  - Perioperative mezlocillin prophylaxis in cesarean section.
AB  - One hundred thirteen patients were prospectively evaluated to determine the
      prophylactic effect of mezlocillin in women undergoing cesarean section. Subjects
      received 2 gm of mezlocillin or placebo intravenously 30 minutes before surgery
      and four and nine hours after surgery. All patients were evaluated for febrile
      morbidity and for the development of specific infections. The overall
      postoperative morbidity was reduced from 51% in the control group to 17% in the
      mezlocillin group (P less than 0.01). Separate analyses of morbidity in patients
      undergoing cesarean section after the onset of labor and those having the
      operation before the onset of labor showed the significant reduction of morbidity
      by mezlocillin to have occurred only in the former group.

PMID- 6380724
TI  - Comparative study of lormetazepam and flurazepam in the treatment of insomnia.
AB  - Lormetazepam (1 and 2 mg) was tested against flurazepam (30 mg) and placebo in 60
      patients (15 per treatment group) with initial, intermediate, or late insomnia.
      Patients were randomly assigned to treatment groups, and a double-blind protocol
      was followed. The four-week study included one week of use of the placebo,
      followed by two weeks of treatment with the active drug (in three groups) or
      continued use of the placebo (one group), and one week of use of the placebo (all
      four groups). Results showed that the active drugs were efficient in controlling
      insomnia. In some subjective parameters, only 2 mg of lormetazepam was
      significantly better than placebo. Tolerability of the drugs was considered good,
      with no interruption of treatment required because of adverse reactions. There
      was a rebound effect in one patient receiving 1 mg of lormetazepam and in three
      patients receiving flurazepam.

PMID- 6380725
TI  - Multicenter study comparing thioridazine with diazepam and placebo in elderly,
      nonpsychotic patients with emotional and behavioral disorders.
AB  - Thioridazine was compared with placebo or diazepam or both in 610 elderly,
      nonpsychotic inpatients in geriatric wards of state hospitals or nursing homes.
      All patients manifested disruptive and difficult-to-manage behavior that
      interfered with adjustment to their environment and with proper care and
      treatment of their medical and emotional problems. Target symptoms such as
      agitation, anxiety, tension, apprehension, depressed mood, and sleep disturbances
      showed consistently marked improvement throughout the four-week study, as
      measured by the modified Hamilton Anxiety Scale, the modified Nurses' Observation
      Scale for Inpatient Evaluation (NOSIE), and global ratings. Significantly greater
      improvement on all measures was achieved with thioridazine than with placebo. In
      addition, greater improvement in the majority of symptoms assessed by the
      Hamilton Anxiety Scale and NOSIE were seen in patients who received thioridazine
      than in those given diazepam.

PMID- 6380726
TI  - A clinical evaluation of piperacillin in intra-abdominal infections.

PMID- 6380727
TI  - Acid-etching of caries-like lesions of enamel: a polarized light microscopic
      study.

PMID- 6380728
TI  - Acid-etching of caries-like lesions of enamel: a scanning electron microscopic
      study.

PMID- 6380729
TI  - In vivo remineralization of etched human and rat enamel.

PMID- 6380730
TI  - Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic abnormalities in breast carcinoma patients:
      suppressive effect upon PHA-induced leucocyte migration inhibition by an isolated
      serum fraction.

PMID- 6380732
TI  - [Immunodiagnosis of malignant tumors. Test of electrophoretic mobility of
      macrophages].

PMID- 6380731
TI  - Immunohistochemical demonstration of target cells for sexual hormones in the skin
      of the domestic pig.

PMID- 6380733
TI  - [Master Frederick of Olomouc--a forgotten physicians to kings and czars].

PMID- 6380734
TI  - [An overview of therapy using regular dialysis and kidney transplantation in
      Yugoslavia].

PMID- 6380736
TI  - The metaphase-arrest technique applied to human cervical epithelium. I. Technique
      and dose-response studies.
AB  - In order to study cell proliferation in intact human cervical epithelium, a
      technique involving metaphase arrest has been utilized. Metaphase accumulation is
      observed following intraepithelial administration of vincristine sulphate, at a
      predetermined optimum dose of 50 micrograms/ml. A significant delay before the
      onset of stathmokinetic activity is demonstrated; thereafter linearity of
      accumulation is apparent over a 4-hr period following injection. The technique
      appears applicable to the estimation and comparison of cell production rates in
      vivo of normal cervical epithelium, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, wart
      affected cervical epithelium and early invasive carcinoma. However, individual
      values are likely to be imprecise in isolation, indicating the need to study
      relatively large numbers of subjects in each group. Some practical difficulties
      are discussed.

PMID- 6380737
TI  - Liver cell hyperplasia: on the suitability of using the metaphase-arrest
      technique.
AB  - This study has explored the possibility of applying the metaphase-arrest method
      with colchicine to two models of induced liver growth in the rat, regenerative
      growth and phenobarbital-induced growth. At a dosage of 0.5 mg/kg body weight
      (BW), colchicine caused a linear accumulation of mitoses for up to 90 min when
      administered at 3 days after the start of phenobarbital treatment; however these
      mitoses included a number of anaphases and telophases. No anaphase escape was
      seen when this dose of colchicine was given at various times after partial
      hepatectomy, though the arrested mitoses were invariably more fragmented and some
      may have even degenerated beyond recognition as early as 90 min after injection.
      It is concluded that the optimal dose of stathmokinetic agent is heavily
      dependent on the relative liver weight, and thus would change continuously during
      compensatory hyperplasia.

PMID- 6380735
TI  - [Immunoreactive insulin and its incidence in myocardial infarct and
      cerebrovascular accidents].

PMID- 6380738
TI  - Aspects of statistics in studies of cell proliferation. I. Multistage sampling.
AB  - In cell kinetic experiments, as in many other branches of biological science, we
      often sample at various stages of an experiment: we may for example take a sample
      of animals, then from each study a sample of sites, and from each site take
      replicate observations. This sampling process can be optimized to give maximum
      precision to an estimated quantity, but care must be taken in analysing data so
      gathered because the analysis depends on the precise sampling strategy.

PMID- 6380739
TI  - Isoforms of troponin during regeneration of chicken skeletal muscle fibers after
      cold injury.
AB  - The regeneration of skeletal muscle fibers of the adult chicken was examined
      after a focal injury brought about with a liquid-nitrogen cooled brass rod.
      Immunofluorescence microscopy with antibodies specific for troponin (TN)
      components (T, I, and C) from adult chicken breast and ventricular muscles showed
      the presence of different fiber types in both the anterior and posterior
      latissimus dorsi muscles. New fibers produced in the regions adjacent to the site
      of injury in both muscles exhibited the same immunoreactivities as those
      previously seen in embryonic skeletal muscles. As differentiation proceeded,
      regenerating cells lost their embryonic antigenicities and recovered their
      characteristic adult reactivities. These results indicate that, during
      regeneration from cold injury, skeletal muscles apparently pass again through an
      embryonic stage during which they synthesize embryonic-like TN isoforms.

PMID- 6380740
TI  - Interendothelial junctions in kidney vessels.
AB  - The interendothelial junctions of all segments of the renal vasculature have been
      studied in eight species using the freeze-fracture technique. Three types of
      junctions have been found. Combinations of tight and gap junction elements are
      characteristic for interlobular arteries and proximal afferent arterioles.
      Continuous tight junction strands not subdivided into individual particles are
      typical for the glomerular arterioles close to the glomerulus and the vasa recta.
      The interendothelial junctions of glomerular and peritubular capillaries and
      cortical veins are characterized by slight elevations decorated with sparse
      arrays of particles on the P-face of the endothelial cell plasma membrane.

PMID- 6380742
TI  - Sustentacular cells in the fetal human adrenal medulla are immunoreactive with
      antibodies to brain S-100 protein.
AB  - Adrenal glands of human fetuses were investigated by means of an
      immunohistochemical method with the use of an anti-S-100 serum. S-100
      immunoreactivity was recognized in sustentacular cells located among the
      chromaffin cells. A characteristic circular arrangement of the immunostained
      cells was found in the central region of the adrenal glands. It surrounded
      aggregations of non-argyrophilic, small, round cells, which were identified as
      the remaining sympathoblasts (primitive sympathetic cells).

PMID- 6380741
TI  - Isolation of gonadotrops from the pituitary of the African catfish, Clarias
      lazera. Morphological and physiological characterization of the purified cells.
AB  - Dispersed pituitary cells from male African catfish, Clarias lazera, were
      fractionated in a density gradient of Percoll. Five fractions were isolated,
      consisting of about 6, 19, 39, 95 and 83% gonadotrops, respectively. The
      gonadotrops were identified by their ultrastructural characteristics, by
      immunocytochemistry, and by measuring their hormone content. After one day in
      culture, in each fraction the secretion of gonadotropin could be stimulated by a
      luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue, indicating that the cells had
      retained their functional integrity. Since the regulatory mechanisms of different
      cell types from the pituitary have some similarity, purification of the
      gonadotrops provides a model to study the regulation of gonadotropin secretion.

PMID- 6380743
TI  - [Advances in molecular genetics of pathogenic factors of toxigenic E. coli].

PMID- 6380744
TI  - [An outbreak of diarrhea in the newborn caused by enteropathogenic E coli
      O119B14].

PMID- 6380745
TI  - Malaria in the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba 11 years after the suspension of a
      malaria eradication programme.

PMID- 6380746
TI  - Ultraviolet light repair and mutagenesis revisited.

PMID- 6380747
TI  - The transforming protein of Moloney murine sarcoma virus is a soluble cytoplasmic
      protein.
AB  - The transforming gene, v-mos, of Moloney murine sarcoma virus (M-MuSV) encodes a
      37,000-dalton phosphoprotein, p37mos. Since the biochemical function of this
      protein is unknown, we have determined the subcellular location of p37mos in M
      MuSV 124-transformed cells. Using two different methods of cell lysis and
      fractionation, we found that newly synthesized as well as mature p37mos is a
      soluble cytoplasmic protein. In agreement with these results, immunofluorescent
      staining of cells acutely infected with M-MuSV 124, using an antiserum directed
      against a synthetic v-mos peptide, produced a diffuse cytoplasmic pattern. Gel
      filtration experiments and glycerol gradient sedimentation analysis suggest that
      the bulk of p37mos exists as a monomer and is not involved in a specific
      association with other cellular proteins. These properties of p37mos are
      different from those of other characterized retroviral transforming proteins.

PMID- 6380748
TI  - Structure-function relations in E. coli 16S RNA.

PMID- 6380749
TI  - Processing of yeast mitochondrial RNA: involvement of intramolecular hybrids in
      splicing of cob intron 4 RNA by mutation and reversion.
AB  - Revertants have been obtained from six mutants of the box9 cluster, which are
      supposed to be defective in RNA splicing as a result of alterations in a splice
      signal sequence. This sequence is in the 5' part of intron 4 of the cob gene, 330
      to 340 bp downstream from the 5' splice site. Sequencing reveals that reversion
      to splicing competence is achieved by restoration of the wild-type box9 sequence;
      by creation of novel box9 sequences; and by introduction of a second site or
      suppressor mutation (sup-) compensating for the effect of the primary box9-
      mutation. The sup- mutation alters a sequence in intron 4,293 bp upstream from
      the box9- primary mutation. The box9 sequence and this upstream sequence can base
      pair to form an intramolecular hybrid in intron RNA in which box9- and sup- are
      compensatory base pair exchanges (G----A and C----U, respectively). Thus
      intramolecular hybrid structures of intron RNA are essential for RNA splicing.

PMID- 6380750
TI  - Genes that act before conjugation to prepare the Saccharomyces cerevisiae nucleus
      for caryogamy.
AB  - Mutations in four nuclear genes, kar1 cdc4, 28, and 37, block or impair nuclear
      fusion during conjugation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutations in all four
      genes are recessive for the caryogamy defect; in matings between diploid cells
      both of which are heterozygous for any one of the four mutations (-/+ X -/+),
      caryogamy occurs with normal proficiency. However, mutations in all four genes
      are "nuclear dominant"; that is, both parent nuclei must contribute one wild-type
      allele of each gene for successful caryogamy. In order to discriminate between
      two possible models to explain nuclear dominance, we have examined the caryogamy
      proficiency of mutant nuclei after they had passed through a heterocaryotic
      cytoplasm. The kar1, cdc28, and cdc37 caryogamy defects are all phenotypically
      suppressed in this experiment (cdc4 could not be tested). We conclude from our
      results that the KAR1, CDC28, and CDC37 gene products can diffuse between nuclei
      in a heterocaryon and that they probably perform their function for caryogamy
      prior to cell fusion. One simple model consistent with the roles of CDC28 and
      CDC37 in mitosis as well as in caryogamy is that these gene products are
      structural components of the nucleus that must be built into it during one cell
      cycle in order to permit successful caryogamy at the next G1.

PMID- 6380751
TI  - Isolation of the beta-tubulin gene from yeast and demonstration of its essential
      function in vivo.
AB  - A DNA fragment from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was identified by its
      homology to a chicken beta-tubulin cDNA and cloned. The fragment was shown to be
      unique in the yeast genome and to contain the gene for yeast beta-tubulin, since
      it can complement a benomyl-resistant conditional-lethal mutation. A smaller
      subfragment, when used to direct integration of a plasmid to the benomyl
      resistance locus in a diploid cell, disrupted one of the beta-tubulin genes and
      concomitantly created a recessive lethal mutation, indicating that the single
      beta-tubulin gene of yeast has an essential function. Determination of the
      nucleotide sequence reveals extensive amino acid sequence homology (more than
      70%) between yeast and chicken brain beta-tubulins.

PMID- 6380752
TI  - Relaxed mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: proper maturation of ribosomal RNA in
      absence of protein synthesis.
AB  - We have characterized a relaxed yeast mutant, S. cerevisiae SY15, isolated by
      mutagenesis with ethylmethanesulfonate of strain A364A. Starvation for a required
      amino acid or treatment with cycloheximide blocks protein synthesis in both
      parental and mutant strains, while the synthesis of total RNA is inhibited by 72%
      in A364A and 23% in SY15 cells. In the absence of protein synthesis, the
      transcription of 37S primary precursor to rRNA is not inhibited in the SY15
      mutant, and the rRNA transcripts are correctly processed, although at a reduced
      rate, and are almost free of ribosomal proteins. The relaxed phenotype in yeast
      is accompanied by alteration in the regulation of rRNA biosynthesis at
      transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels.

PMID- 6380753
TI  - Translocation of domains of nascent periplasmic proteins across the cytoplasmic
      membrane is independent of elongation.
AB  - Accessibility of nascent chains of periplasmic proteins to externally added
      proteinase K was used as the criterion for translocation of polypeptides across
      the cytoplasmic membrane of E. coli during the process of export. It is concluded
      for maltose-binding protein and ribose-binding protein that nascent chains
      carrying the signal sequence are not accessible to the proteinase while chains
      that have been matured span the membrane and are degraded. Translocation of
      polypeptides is a late event relative to extent of elongation, occurring only
      after maltose-binding protein has reached molecular weight 33,000 (80% of its
      entire length) and after ribose-binding protein has been fully elongated
      (molecular weight 29,000). The data presented here are inconsistent with
      postulated mechanisms of export requiring a strict coupling of translocation to
      elongation of nascent polypeptide chains. In contrast, the data support the idea
      that entire domains of polypeptides are transferred after their synthesis. This
      is the case whether the translocation of a protein is initiated post
      translationally or begins before synthesis of the entire protein is completed.

PMID- 6380754
TI  - Transcription of the S10 ribosomal protein operon is regulated by an attenuator
      in the leader.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that ribosomal protein L4 specifically inhibits the
      expression of its own operon, the 11-gene S10 operon. To elucidate the mechanism
      for this regulation, we have examined the effect of protein L4 on transcription
      of the S10 operon. Hybridization and gel electrophoresis studies indicate that in
      the presence of excess L4 only RNA molecules about 140 bases long are transcribed
      from the S10 operon. These short RNA molecules contain the leader, but not
      structural gene, sequences. Our results suggest that protein L4 stimulates
      premature termination (attenuation) of transcription about 30 bases upstream from
      the start of the first structural gene of the S10 operon. The attenuation appears
      to be independent of the regulation of translation of the operon. We suggest that
      attenuation of transcription plays a primary role in the autogenous regulation of
      the S10 operon.

PMID- 6380755
TI  - A novel repair enzyme: UVRABC excision nuclease of Escherichia coli cuts a DNA
      strand on both sides of the damaged region.
AB  - The uvrA, uvrB, and uvrC proteins of Escherichia coli were purified from strains
      that greatly overproduce these proteins. Using the purified proteins, the UVRABC
      nuclease was reconstituted in vitro. The reconstituted enzyme acted specifically
      on DNA damaged with UV, cis-platinum, and psoralen plus near UV. When UV
      irradiated DNA was used as substrate, the enzyme made two cuts on the damaged DNA
      strand, one on each side of the damaged region. The enzyme hydrolyzed the eighth
      phosphodiester bond on the 5' side of pyrimidine dimers. On the 3' side of
      pyrimidine dimers, the UVRABC nuclease cut the fourth or the fifth phosphodiester
      bond 3' to pyrimidine dimers. The oligonucleotide with the damaged bases that is
      generated by these two cuts was released during treatment with the enzyme. We
      have also obtained evidence suggesting that the enzyme acts by the same mechanism
      on PydC photoproducts which are thought to be of primary importance in UV-induced
      mutagenesis.

PMID- 6380756
TI  - The double-strand-break repair model for recombination.
AB  - Gene conversion is the nonreciprocal transfer of information from one DNA duplex
      to another; in meiosis, it is frequently associated with crossing-over. We review
      the genetic properties of meiotic recombination and previous models of conversion
      and crossing-over. In these models, recombination is initiated by single-strand
      nicks, and heteroduplex DNA is generated. Gene conversion is explained by the
      repair of mismatches present in heteroduplex DNA. We propose a new mechanism for
      meiotic recombination, in which events are initiated by double-strand breaks that
      are enlarged to double-strand gaps. Gene conversion can then occur by the repair
      of a double-strand gap, and postmeiotic segregation can result from heteroduplex
      DNA formed at the boundaries of the gap-repair region. The repair of double
      strand gaps is an efficient process in yeast, and is known to be associated with
      crossing-over. The genetic implications of the double-strand-break repair model
      are explored.

PMID- 6380757
TI  - Isoform variants of troponin in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells cultured with
      and without nerves.
AB  - Immunofluorescence microscopy shows that cultured skeletal and cardiac muscle
      cells of chicken embryos exhibit the same stainabilities with antibodies against
      skeletal and cardiac troponin components as do those in embryos. Muscle cells of
      each type cultured with motor or sympathetic nerves or in medium containing the
      nerve extract exhibit the same reactivities as do those in adult animals. Cardiac
      muscle cells incubated in the nerve-conditioned medium also change the form of
      troponin components to the adult type. It appears that the differentiation of
      individual muscle fibers to specific types is induced by nerves, and especially
      by the neurohumoral effect.

PMID- 6380758
TI  - Microinjection of the oncogene form of the human H-ras (T-24) protein results in
      rapid proliferation of quiescent cells.
AB  - Using an E. coli expression-vector system we have efficiently produced, purified,
      and characterized the full-length, nonfused, protooncogenic and oncogenic (T-24)
      forms of the human H-ras gene product. These purified ras proteins have been
      introduced by microinjection into a variety of somatic cells in an effort to
      examine their function. Within several hours after injection of the oncogenic
      form of the human H-ras protein into quiescent cells, we observe dramatic
      morphological changes followed by transient proliferation of the cells. In
      contrast, microinjection of the normal, protooncogenic form of the ras protein at
      the same level appears to have only little effect on the cells. Additional
      experiments indicate that the effect of the ras protein requires entry into the
      cells, is temporary, is inhibited by cycloheximide or actinomycin D, and is seen
      only in established cell lines. This experimental approach demonstrates that the
      bacterially derived and purified human H-ras proteins retain their ability to
      function when put back into mammalian cells and furthermore, provides a novel
      assay for transformation induced in established cells by the human H-ras oncogene
      protein.

PMID- 6380759
TI  - Cleavage of tRNA precursors by the RNA subunit of E. coli ribonuclease P (M1 RNA)
      is influenced by 3'-proximal CCA in the substrates.
AB  - tRNA precursor molecules that contain the CCA sequence found at the 3' termini of
      all mature tRNAs are cleaved in vitro more readily by M1 RNA, the catalytic
      subunit of E. coli RNAase P, than precursors that lack this sequence. The
      sensitivity to the CCA sequence is not apparent when precursors are cleaved by
      the reconstituted RNAase P holoenzyme that contains both M1 RNA and the protein
      subunit. These results have been obtained with monomeric precursor molecules
      encoded by the E. coli and human chromosomes and with three dimeric precursor
      molecules encoded by the bacteriophage T4 genome. The data are in agreement with
      previous results concerning T4 tRNA biosynthesis in vivo and show that the CCA
      sequence is important for the processing of precursors to tRNAs.

PMID- 6380760
TI  - Hybrid transfer RNA genes in phage T4.
AB  - We describe the isolation and characterization of two unusual amber suppressor
      forms of T4 tRNALeu. The sequences of the suppressor tRNAs can be described as
      hybrids of wild-type tRNALeu and suppressor tRNAGln molecules: the chain lengths
      and majority of the nucleotide residues corresponded to tRNALeu, but CUA
      anticodons flanked by 2-14 residues were identical to tRNAGln. The uncertainty as
      to the exact number of flanking residues correlated with tRNAGln is due to the
      similarity of the two tRNA sequences in this region. No evidence was found for
      changes in other T4 tRNAs. We propose that genes for the hybrid tRNAs were
      produced by mispairing of DNAs at anticodon segments of tRNALeu and tRNAGln with
      a double crossover flanking those segments.

PMID- 6380761
TI  - OriX: a new origin of replication in E. coli. Correction.

PMID- 6380762
TI  - Lack of specific sequence requirement for DNA replication in Xenopus eggs
      compared with high sequence specificity in yeast.
AB  - We examined the controversial question concerning DNA sequences required for
      replication in Xenopus eggs. First we used yeast to isolate ARS elements from the
      Xenopus genome. They show a striking sequence homology with the yeast ARS
      consensus sequence. The cloning vector and the ARS-containing plasmids replicate
      equally after injection into Xenopus eggs. Second, we compared a wide range of
      DNA templates from procaryotes and eucaryotes. All DNA molecules tested replicate
      as monomeric molecules, and the efficiency is proportional to their size for
      templates between 4 and 12 kb. Third, we re-examined two reports of replication
      origins from the Xenopus genome. In both cases, the vector and the recombinant
      molecules replicate equally under all conditions tested. The apparent lack of
      sequence specificity for replication in Xenopus eggs does not prevent the
      injected molecule from being under cellular temporal control of replication.
      These results are compared with those from yeast.

PMID- 6380763
TI  - Somatomedins and proteolytic bioactivation of prolactin and growth hormone.

PMID- 6380764
TI  - Transcription from a heat-inducible promoter causes heat shock regulation of the
      sigma subunit of E. coli RNA polymerase.
AB  - The rpoD gene encoding the sigma subunit of E. coli RNA polymerase is
      cotranscribed with rpsU and dnaG, encoding ribosomal protein S21 and DNA primase,
      respectively. After temperature upshift, a heat shock promoter (Phs) located
      within dnaG is transiently induced, causing increased transcription of rpoD. The
      extent of induction is sufficient to account for the heat shock response of sigma
      synthesis. The initiation site of this promoter was located about 360 bp upstream
      of rpoD by promoter cloning and S1 nuclease mapping. Plasmid deletions generated
      with Bal 31 nuclease show that the DNA sequence CTGCCACCC in the -44 to -36
      region of this promoter is necessary for its heat shock activity. Heat induction
      of transcription from Phs is under the control of HtpR, a positive regulator of
      the heat shock response.

PMID- 6380765
TI  - The htpR gene product of E. coli is a sigma factor for heat-shock promoters.
AB  - The htpR gene of E. coli encodes a positive regulator of the heat-shock response.
      We have fused the htpR gene to the inducible PL promoter of phage lambda.
      Overproduction of HtpR following a temperature upshift resulted in the
      overexpression of heat-shock proteins. We describe the purification and initial
      in vitro characterization of the factor controlling expression of heat-shock
      genes. The factor was the 32 kd htpR gene product. In vitro, a mixture of HtpR
      and core RNA polymerase initiated transcription at heat-shock promoters. The
      sigma factor encoded by rpoD was not required for this reaction. Therefore, HtpR
      is a sigma factor that promotes transcription initiation at heat-shock promoters.
      We propose that htpR be renamed rpoH and that the gene product be called sigma
      32.

PMID- 6380766
TI  - Distribution of anti-histone-antibody-secreting cells in NZB/NZW mice.
AB  - Using a histone-specific plaque assay, we examined anti-histone-antibody (AHA)
      production at the organ level in the autoimmune NZB/NZW strain. The spleen had
      the highest absolute numbers of AHA-secreting cells. High percentages of
      immunoglobulin-secreting cells producing AHA were characteristic of spleen and
      bone marrow but not lymph node. AHA-secreting cells were detected in NZB/NZW mice
      with elevated serum activity but not in mice with normal serum levels. Serum AHA
      activity correlated with the number of AHA-secreting cells in the spleen but not
      with the total number of immunoglobulin-secreting cells in the spleen nor with
      the total serum immunoglobulin level. These findings concerning the organ
      distribution of AHA-secreting cells contrast with results of other investigators
      studying autoantibodies of other specificities. Furthermore, our results suggest
      that AHA production does not solely result from a generalized increase in total
      immunoglobulin synthesis present in NZB/NZW mice.

PMID- 6380767
TI  - Separate transfer of mouse protection and delayed-type hypersensitivity with
      Salmonella typhimurium transfer factor.
AB  - Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) induced with Salmonella typhimurium transfer
      factor (TF) contributed to an increase in mean survival days of mice challenged
      with homologous organisms and afforded only a low level of host protection as
      determined by survival rate, compared with that obtained by active immunization.
      TF of other enteric bacteria could transfer DTH which is cross-reactive to
      salmonella antigen but did not afford host protection. Although TF of Listeria
      monocytogenes did not transfer the cross-reactive DTH, it could confer the
      significant increase in mean survival days against the lethal challenge with S.
      typhimurium. Listerial ribosomal vaccine conferred the high level of mouse
      protection without inducing DTH to salmonella antigen. The resistance generated
      upon active immunization with listerial ribosomal vaccine could be enhanced by
      the injection of S. typhimurium TF to the same level as that obtained after
      immunization with homologous ribosomal vaccine. Among salmonella TF, there could
      be no cross-reactive immunity between S. typhimurium and S. choleraesuis,
      although the cross-reactive DTH was observed. The DTH transfer ability of TF was
      sensitive to Pronase which could not affect the ability to transfer host
      immunity, but RNase could abolish the ability to transfer host immunity without
      impairing DTH transfer activity. These results suggest that in mouse typhoid
      infection, DTH is not associated with host protection as determined by survival
      rate.

PMID- 6380768
TI  - In situ effector pathways of allograft destruction. 3. Plasminogen activator
      activity in rat renal allografts.
AB  - The question of which cell components in a rejecting rat renal allograft secrete
      plasminogen activator (PA) has been analyzed. Although normal renal parenchymal
      cells also secreted PA, most of the PA in a renal allograft (and to a lesser
      extent also in an autograft) was produced by the inflammatory leukocytes.
      Fractionation at 1 g demonstrated that the inflammatory cell population
      responsible for the PA production in the allograft sedimented together with the
      large mononuclear phagocytes (macrophages). Fractions purified for small blast
      cells and large lymphocytes did not contain any PA activity but they were able to
      induce resting peritoneal macrophages to produce PA when cocultured in vitro. The
      results demonstrate that the allograft-infiltrating mononuclear phagocytes are
      "activated" in the sense that they secrete PA and that the activation of
      mononuclear phagocytes at the site of inflammation may be partially regulated by
      the inflammatory lymphoid cells.

PMID- 6380769
TI  - [Adherence of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium
      vaginale to vaginal epithelial cells of healthy women and patients with chronic
      inflammation of the adnexa].

PMID- 6380770
TI  - [Acetylcholine receptors].

PMID- 6380771
TI  - [A Czechoslovak psychiatrist who worked with Dr. Albert Schweitzer in Lambarene].

PMID- 6380772
TI  - [Functional relation between the limbic system and the hypothalamus].

PMID- 6380773
TI  - [Juvenile essential hypertension. II. Plasma renin activity and levels of
      aldosterone at rest and after loading in children with juvenile essential
      hypertension].

PMID- 6380774
TI  - [The sensitivity of group B streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae) to
      antibacterial substances].

PMID- 6380775
TI  - [On the 100th anniversary of the birth of Dr. Jiri Brdlik].

PMID- 6380776
TI  - [100th anniversary of the birth of Dr. J. Brdlik].

PMID- 6380777
TI  - [30 years of the district system in Czechoslovakia--development and
      perspectives].

PMID- 6380778
TI  - The effects of cis-platinum (II)diamminodichloride, UV light and N-methyl-N'
      nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine on Escherichia coli:plasmid mediated resistance to
      mutagens.
AB  - Protease deficient recA431 mutants of Escherichia coli are defective in their
      capacity for induction of SOS responses and were intermediate in their
      sensitivities to ultraviolet light (UV) and cis-platinum (II) diamminodichloride
      (cis-PDD). Survival after treatment determined as colony forming ability was
      greater in rec+ strains and decreased in recA13 mutants which are defective in
      both recA proteolytic and recombination capabilities. In contrast, recA431
      mutants were as sensitive to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) as the
      recA13 cells. When cells carried either the pKM101 or N3 plasmid, survival after
      treatment with the three mutagens was increased. Presence of these plasmids in
      cells also resulted in hypermutagenicity as indicated by reversion of the argE3
      mutation using a modified Ames test. Mutagenesis by NTG and cis-PDD was
      increased, as was survival of cells treated with UV light, cis-PDD and NTG in
      both recA+ and recA431 (protease deficient) strains. No plasmid mediated
      enhancement of mutagenesis or cell survival was observed in recA13 mutants. Thus,
      the ability of the plasmids to enhance cell survival and mutagenesis was
      dependent on recombination proficiency of the recA gene product and not its
      regulatory proteolytic activity. Unlike UV or NTG, presence of one of these
      plasmids was needed to detect reversion of the argE3 mutation by cis-PDD.

PMID- 6380779
TI  - A succinyl-trialanine p-nitroanilide hydrolase in hog kidney cytosol: its
      identification as proline endopeptidase.

PMID- 6380780
TI  - Distribution and metabolism of [Asu1,7]-eel calcitonin in isolated perfused rat
      pancreas.

PMID- 6380781
TI  - Effects of ascorbic acid and ferrous ions on renin release from renin granules of
      vitamin E-deficient rats.

PMID- 6380782
TI  - Mutagenic activity, antibacterial activity and enzymatic reducibility of
      geometrical isomers of nitrofurans in Salmonella typhimurium TA100.

PMID- 6380783
TI  - A study on validity of a stabilized selective broth method for assessing
      Streptococcus mutans levels.

PMID- 6380785
TI  - Plasmodium falciparum: mefloquine resistance produced in vitro.
AB  - Camp and Smith strains of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum became
      resistant to mefloquine after continuous cultivation in the presence of the drug.
      The 50% inhibitory dose (ID(50)) values for mefloquine, as assessed by
      [(3)H]hypoxanthine incorporation, were found to have increased 4-fold, from 3
      mug/l to 12 mug/l. The ID(50) values obtained by morphological examination of the
      cultures increased 10-fold. Resistance was stable in both strains either when
      grown in a drug-free medium or when kept frozen in liquid nitrogen. The
      mefloquine-resistant Camp strain remained sensitive to chloroquine and
      amodiaquine, and became slightly more resistant to quinine; there was increased
      sensitivity to pyrimethamine. The mefloquine-resistant Smith strain remained
      sensitive to amodiaquine and resistant to pyrimethamine; there was increased
      resistance to quinine, and an increase in sensitivity to chloroquine.

PMID- 6380784
TI  - Indications and contraindications for vaccines used in the Expanded Programme on
      Immunization.
AB  - The aim of the Expanded Programme on Immunization is to reduce morbidity and
      mortality from six diseases that can be prevented by immunization. In many
      countries the immunization coverage is still less than optimal; one of the
      reasons for this is the fact that frequently health workers are faced with long
      lists of contraindications to immunization.The present review discusses the risks
      of adverse reactions after immunization and compares these risks with the
      complication rates following natural disease. It is concluded that the decision
      to withhold the benefits of immunization from an eligible child should not be
      taken lightly, particularly in areas where access to immunization services is
      limited and the incidence of the vaccine-preventable diseases is still
      high.Malnutrition should be a prime indication for immunization. Low-grade fever,
      mild respiratory infection, or diarrhoea should not be considered a
      contraindication to immunization. Measles immunization of children who have to be
      admitted to hospital has been shown to reduce the overall mortality rates in
      paediatric wards. It is recommended that all countries should formulate their own
      national policy, carefully considering the risks of disease as well as the
      benefits and potential risks of immunization.

PMID- 6380786
TI  - Effect of membrane filtration of antimalarial drug solutions on in vitro activity
      against Plasmodium falciparum.
AB  - Antimalarial activities of chloroquine, mefloquine, amodiaquine, and quinine in
      vitro against Plasmodium falciparum were diminished as a consequence of membrane
      filtration. Filtered drug solutions gave ID(50) values up to 25-fold greater than
      those of non-filtered (ethanol-sterilized) drug solutions. Loss of activity by
      filtration was overcome by increasing the drug concentration prior to filtration.
      Water solutions filtered through Millex-GS filter units consistently showed an
      absorbance maximum at 277 nm, accompanied by a lesser peak at 225 nm. Water
      filtrates from Nucleopore and Millex-GV filters showed no absorbance at 277 nm
      and only slight absorbance was evident for the Gelman filter unit. Activity
      losses were attributed to extractable contaminating moieties in the membrane
      filters and/or drug binding to the membrane filters.

PMID- 6380787
TI  - Use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure antigenaemia during acute
      plague.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to measure
      concentrations of the specific F1 antigen of the plague bacillus in biological
      fluids. The assay employed a monoclonal antibody to capture the antigen.
      Sensitivity of the assay was 0.4 ng of F1 antigen. ELISA-inhibition was used to
      confirm the specificity of the reactions.This assay detected F1 antigen in two of
      ten sera from patients with acute bubonic plague and indicated that antigenaemia
      in man during plague may reach levels of 4-8 mug of F1 antigen per ml of
      serum.The probability for a correct serodiagnosis of plague was improved when the
      patients' sera were tested for both antibody and antigen. Two patients with
      antigenaemia did not have antibody, while two patients with antibody lacked
      antigenaemia.

PMID- 6380788
TI  - Cell survival in four ovarian carcinoma xenografts following in vitro exposure to
      melphalan, cisplatin and cis-diammine-1,1-cyclobutane dicarboxylate platinum II
      (CBDCA,JM8).
AB  - Four human ovarian carcinoma xenografts were established and maintained in immune
      suppressed mice. Cells obtained from these xenografts were exposed in vitro to
      melphalan, JM8, and cisplatin; cell survival following a 1-h exposure was
      measured using a soft-agar colony assay. A similar dose-response curve was
      obtained with melphalan for each of the four xenografts, despite previous
      treatment with an alkylating agent in two of the patients from whom the
      xenografts originated. Cell survival was also compared after JM8 and cisplatin
      exposure in each individual xenograft. It was found to be similar for each tumour
      when the concentrations of JM8 used were 10-fold greater than those of cisplatin.
      Early clinical studies in which JM8 has been shown to be effective in the
      treatment of ovarian carcinoma support the view that xenograft tumours may have a
      role in phase-II screening of new cytotoxic agents.

PMID- 6380790
TI  - S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase: a brief review.

PMID- 6380789
TI  - CAP (cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, platinum) vs CMFVP (cyclophosphamide,
      methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, vincristine, prednisolone) combination chemotherapy
      in untreated metastatic breast cancer. A preliminary report of a controlled
      clinical study.
AB  - The prospective controlled phase III clinical trial compared the therapeutic
      value of the cis-platinum - adriamycin - cyclophosphamide combination (CAP) and
      that of the combination of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil,
      vincristine, and prednisolone (CMFVP) in untreated metastatic breast cancer.
      Seventy-two patients (greater than 2 cycles) were evaluated: 36 had received CAP
      and 36, CMFVP. An objective response (CR + PR) to CAP combination chemotherapy
      was achieved in 75% of patients (27 of 36), with a high rate (42%) of complete
      remissions. In terms of metastatic site, the response rate appeared to be
      particularly high in soft tissue and visceral organ (lung, liver) metastases. In
      the CMFVP group, an objective response was noted in 16 of 36 patients (44%) with
      19% complete remissions. Overall therapeutic response and the complete remission
      rate were better with CAP regimen (statistically significant; P less than 0.01).
      The duration of remissions was 4-16+ months (M = 12) for CAP and 2-12+ months (M
      = 8) for CMFVP. Toxic side-effects were more pronounced in the CAP group,
      particularly myelosuppression, and anemia was prevalent. Side-effects of CMFVP
      treatment were mild. In 11 CMFVP-resistant cases CAP was administered as second
      line treatment, and an objective response was observed in 45% of cases (5 of 11).
      The preliminary results of this controlled trial show the advantage of the CAP
      combination in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.

PMID- 6380791
TI  - Ornithine decarboxylase. Purification and properties of ornithine decarboxylase.

PMID- 6380792
TI  - Contractile function and rhythmicity of cardiac preparations from Escherichia
      coli endotoxin-shocked guinea pigs.
AB  - Isovolumic left ventricular (LV) preparations were isolated from guinea pigs 16
      18 hr after IP injection of either saline (control groups) or 4 mg/kg of
      Escherichia coli endotoxin (shock groups). The tissues were then subjected to
      mechanical performance comparisons in a carefully regulated coronary perfusion
      system. Endotoxicosis consistently resulted in myocardial contractile dysfunction
      as evidenced by significantly low values for LV systolic pressure and maximal
      rates of LV pressure rise (+dP/dtmax) and fall (-dP/dtmax). There was a distinct
      tendency for spontaneous tachybradydysrhythmias in the shock groups, but the LV
      contractile deficit was not dependent upon beating frequency. Also, LV function
      curves (systolic pressure vs end-diastolic pressure) generated by shock hearts
      were shifted downward and to the right of control curves, in the direction of
      inotropic failure. Thus, cardiodynamic adjustments during endotoxin shock may
      reflect and be limited by underlying dysfunction intrinsic to the heart itself;
      by 16-18 hr, the resulting functional changes in LV myocardium are manifested in
      an isolated environment and do not depend on depressive constraints operative in
      the intact host.

PMID- 6380793
TI  - Hepatic and systemic metabolic responses to aerobic and anaerobic intra-abdominal
      abscesses in a highly reproducible chronic rat model.
AB  - A single, uniform abscess was formed in 100% of the animals inoculated with a
      fecal pellet made of sterile rat feces, agar, and a known number and strain of
      bacteria. The effects of monoclonal Escherichia coli abscess (83 rats) were
      compared to those of sterile abscess (34 rats) and sham operation (35 rats
      without abscess). Bacteroides fragilis was added to the sterile pellet to study
      the effect of an anaerobic monoclonal abscess (16 rats) or of a biclonal abscess
      containing both aerobes and anaerobes (32 rats). After inoculation, a peritonitis
      stage with leucopenia, hypoglycemia, body weight loss, and slight fever was
      followed by the abscess stage with leucocytosis and a slight hyperglycemia. Mild
      hepatic energy charge deficiency and hepatic lactic acidosis were observed in
      sterile abscess rats, and slightly enhanced energy charge was seen in monoclonal
      E. coli abscess rats. The addition of B. fragilis to the sterile pellet, alone or
      together with E. coli, produced hepatic energy charge deficiency and hepatic
      lactic acidosis, which were significantly enhanced compared with the monoclonal
      E. coli abscess rats. The greatest effect was seen in the biclonal E. coli plus
      B. fragilis abscess, suggesting that anaerobic or combined aerobe and anaerobe
      abscesses may produce a greater hepatic injury than an aerobic organism abscess
      alone. This may account for the apparent synergic interaction between aerobic and
      anaerobic organisms.

PMID- 6380794
TI  - [Studies on the antigens common to adult worm and cercaria of Schistosoma
      japonicum].

PMID- 6380795
TI  - [Morphology of the fourth stage larva of Wuchereria bancrofti in artificially
      infected jirds (Meriones unguiculatus)].

PMID- 6380796
TI  - [Preparation of the freeze-dried medium and microplate for the assessment of
      sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in in vitro microtechnic].

PMID- 6380797
TI  - [Emergency treatment of a cerebral form of fulminating falciparum malaria--report
      of 3 cases].

PMID- 6380798
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopy of Clonorchis sinensis].

PMID- 6380799
TI  - [A preliminary observation on experimental infection of Wuchereria bancrofti to
      rhesus monkey].

PMID- 6380800
TI  - [Experimental study on susceptibility of Anopheles minimus and Anopheles dirus to
      Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum].

PMID- 6380801
TI  - [Effect of piperaquine and hydroxypiperaquine on a chloroquine-resistant strain
      of Plasmodium falciparum].

PMID- 6380802
TI  - [Growth and decline of parasitemia in trophozoite-induced Plasmodium berghei and
      Plasmodium yoelii infection in mice].

PMID- 6380804
TI  - [Urease-antibody conjugate ELISA and its application in the diagnosis of
      schistosomiasis japonica--a preliminary report].

PMID- 6380803
TI  - [Influence of ABO group erythrocytes on the growth of Plasmodium falciparum in
      continuous cultivation in vitro].

PMID- 6380805
TI  - [Serodiagnosis of clonorchiasis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with
      horseradish peroxidase-staphylococcal protein A].

PMID- 6380806
TI  - [Advances in the research of new antimalarial, mefloquine, in the past ten
      years].

PMID- 6380807
TI  - [A solid enzyme immunoassay using nylon disc for the detection of specific
      antibodies of Schistosoma japonicum].

PMID- 6380808
TI  - Aspergillus fumigatus spore concentration in outside air: Cardiff and St Louis
      compared.
AB  - Intermittent sampling of the atmosphere 3 days/week over a 12-month period using
      Andersen samplers in Cardiff, Wales, U.K. and St Louis, Missouri, U.S.A.,
      indicated average A. fumigatus spore concentrations of 13.5/m3 in St Louis and
      11.3/m3 in Cardiff. Both sites showed seasonal variations with highest
      concentrations during winter.

PMID- 6380809
TI  - A new immunoperoxidase assay for Lolium perenne-specific IgE in serum based on
      the biotin/avidin system (BAS).
AB  - A new solid-phase immunoassay based on the biotin/avidin system (BAS) for
      measuring serum Lolium perenne (LP)-specific IgE antibody is described. LP
      specific IgE was assayed by the BAS assay and RAST for comparison in the sera of
      thirty-two normal asymptomatic subjects RAST-negative for LP and of twenty-six
      subjects with hay fever and RAST-positive for LP. The specificity of the BAS
      assay for LP-specific IgE was demonstrated by absorption experiments. An overall
      agreement of 91% (53/58) was observed between the BAS and RAST and a high
      correlation (r = 0.87, P less than 0.001) was found between the LP-specific IgE
      determined by the two methods. The advantages of the BAS assay as compared to
      both the RAST and classical ELISA are discussed.

PMID- 6380810
TI  - Ultrasound-accelerated immunoassay, as exemplified by enzyme immunoassay of
      choriogonadotropin.
AB  - The rate-limiting step in many solid-phase immunoassays is associated with the
      slow kinetics of binding of macro-molecular antigen and conjugate to the
      immobilized phase. We demonstrate that the use of ultrasonic energy to enhance
      mass transport across liquid/solid interfaces can dramatically accelerate antigen
      binding to immobilized antibodies. We use an ultrasound-accelerated procedure
      with an enzyme-channelling test strip containing glucose oxidase and specific
      antibody to the alpha-subunit of human choriogonadotropin (HCG) co-immobilized
      onto a cellulose support. A horseradish peroxidase conjugate of monospecific
      antibody to the beta-subunit of HCG is used in the liquid phase to complete the
      immune "sandwich." Use of ultrasound to accelerate binding and of enzyme
      channelling to eliminate wash steps result in a simple two-incubation protocol by
      which 25 int. units of urinary HCG per liter can be detected visually in less
      than 20 min of assay time.

PMID- 6380811
TI  - Zymogen activation: a new system for homogeneous ligand-binding assay.
AB  - In this ligand-binding assay procedure, sensitivity is enhanced by successive
      generation of enzyme active sites via two zymogens from the blood-coagulation
      cascade: Factor X and prothrombin. A protease fraction from Russell's viper venom
      (RVV) acts upon Factor X, initiating a two-step cascade that culminates in
      generation of thrombin, the activity of which is monitored with a chromogenic
      substrate. In the model presented here, the analyte of interest, biotin, is
      covalently coupled to Factor X. In the presence of avidin, a biotin-binding
      protein, RVV cannot initiate cascade activity; however, the inhibition can be
      competitively overcome by addition of free biotin to the reaction mixture. In a
      complete system, the dose-response curve is linear from 20 to 100 nmol of biotin
      per liter. Such an assay offers improved sensitivity over many radioisotope
      independent immunoassay methods, and may be applicable to a wide variety of
      analytes.

PMID- 6380813
TI  - Direct solid-phase enzyme immunoassay of progesterone in saliva.
AB  - We have developed a rapid enzyme immunoassay for progesterone in saliva. This
      solid-phase assay is carried out on microtitre plates with no extraction or
      centrifugation steps. The detection limit of the assay is 200 fg per well (3.2
      pmol/L). Intra- and interassay coefficients of variation for low, medium, and
      high concentrations of progesterone were 7.5, 16.0; 9.1, 8.3; and 8.7, 6.7%,
      respectively. Correlation between total plasma progesterone (assayed by enzyme
      immunoassay with extraction) and salivary progesterone concentrations was good (r
      = 0.848, p less than 0.001, n = 56). We found the assay useful for monitoring
      ovarian function. The analytical procedure is convenient, and one person can
      assay more than 200 saliva samples per working day. The turnaround time for 36
      samples is 2 h, including 1.5 h of incubation time, when previously coated plates
      are used. We conclude that such assays are very suitable for measuring
      progesterone in serial saliva samples and could become the preferred method for
      monitoring ovarian function.

PMID- 6380812
TI  - Application of the MAST Immunodiagnostic System to the determination of allergen
      specific IgE.
AB  - The MAST Immunodiagnostic Test System was developed to provide a comprehensive,
      simple means for the in vitro measurement of multiple antigens or antibodies. The
      first commercial application of the MAST system incorporates several novel
      features for cost-effective diagnosis of IgE-mediated allergy in a clinical
      laboratory or a physician's office. The basis of the MAST system is a unique
      analytical test chamber, which contains cellulose thread as the solid-phase
      matrix and allows multiple test results from a single assay. This test chamber
      incorporates both positive and negative controls and requires no volume-dependent
      pipetting steps. Immunographic exposure onto high-speed Polaroid instant film
      allows for quantifying results with an automatic recording infrared-transmittance
      densitometer. Test results are easily interpreted by using a patient test record
      provided with the system. The MAST system greatly simplifies testing for allergen
      specific IgE, while retaining specificity and sensitivity. Currently, with the
      MAST system one can simultaneously measure picomoles of allergen-specific IgE in
      up to 35 different allergen classes. In addition to allergy testing, the MAST
      technology is applicable to other immunodiagnostic profiles.

PMID- 6380814
TI  - Application of enzyme immunoassays to coagulation testing.
AB  - Enzyme immunoassays are very useful for the detection of low concentrations of
      coagulation proteins and pathological markers in plasma. Analytes in the ng/mL
      range are measurable with good reproducibility with intra- and interassay CVs of
      less than 5% to 10%. "Sandwich" methods have been developed for von Willebrand
      factor (plasma concentration about 8 micrograms/mL, Factor IX (5 micrograms/mL),
      protein C (4 micrograms/mL), and Factor X (10 micrograms/mL). However, this
      technique is only suitable for macromolecules; for low-molecular-mass peptides
      such as fibrinopeptide A a competitive method is used. Normal concentrations of
      fibrinopeptide A are below 3 ng/mL, with greater values suggesting in vivo
      generation of thrombin; thus this test is quite useful in detecting thrombosis.
      Reagents for both the sandwich and competitive methods are commercially available
      and cost effective, and have a longer shelf-life than those for
      radioimmunoassays.

PMID- 6380815
TI  - Optical detection of antibody-antigen reactions at a glass-liquid interface.
AB  - We describe an optical technique for detecting and monitoring antibody-antigen
      reactions at a solid-liquid interface. The antibody is covalently immobilized
      onto the surface of either a planar (microscope slide) or cylindrical (fibre
      optic) waveguide made of fused quartz. The reaction of immobilized antibody with
      antigen in solution is detected through use of the evanescent wave component of a
      light beam, which has a characteristic depth of penetration of a fraction of a
      wavelength into the aqueous phase, thus optically interacting primarily with
      substances bound (or located very close) to the interface and only minimally with
      the bulk solution. This resulting in-situ spatial separation of the antibody
      bound from free antigen precludes a formal separation step and allows the
      reaction to be monitored kinetically. An immunoassay for methotrexate by
      absorption spectrometry achieved a detection limit of about 270 nmol/L; binding
      of methotrexate by immobilized antibody was monitored by the decrease in
      transmittance at 310 nm. A two-site immunofluorometric assay for human IgG could
      detect as little as 30 nmol/L; binding of fluorescein-labeled antibody was
      monitored by the increase in signal above 520 nm (lambda ex = 495 nm). With both
      immunoassays the signal-generating phase was monitored kinetically and was
      completed within 15 min.

PMID- 6380816
TI  - Joseph H. Roe (1892-1967): American man of science, pioneer clinical chemist.

PMID- 6380817
TI  - Evidence that "lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 6" is in fact alcohol
      dehydrogenase.

PMID- 6380818
TI  - Antiepileptic Drug Development Program.

PMID- 6380819
TI  - Evaluation of living related kidney donors using digital subtraction angiography.

PMID- 6380820
TI  - Recent trends in organ procurement for renal transplantation at The Cleveland
      Clinic Foundation.

PMID- 6380821
TI  - Endourologic management of renal transplant complications.

PMID- 6380822
TI  - Renal autotransplantation in patients with retroperitoneal fibrosis.

PMID- 6380823
TI  - Archives of the Cleveland Clinic Quarterly 1943: Chemical pneumonia in workers
      extracting beryllium oxide. Report of three cases. By H.S. VanOrdstrand, Robert
      Hughes and Morris G. Carmody.

PMID- 6380824
TI  - The combined action of two enzymes in human serum can mimic the activity of
      cathepsin B.
AB  - Synthetic substrates are often used to measure the activity of proteolytic
      enzymes. We have investigated the activities which cleave synthetic substrates
      such as alpha-N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg-beta-naphthylamide, for which the
      lysosomal proteinase cathepsin B has a high affinity, in sera from normal
      individuals, pregnant women and patients with breast cancer. As reported by other
      workers, activities against these substrates were elevated during pregnancy.
      Naphthylamine release, however, was shown to be the result of the combined action
      of two enzymes. The substrate is first cleaved by an endopeptidase to yield alpha
      N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg and the aminopeptidase substrate Arg-beta-naphthylamide,
      which is then cleaved by serum aminopeptidases, particularly oxytocinase. A
      similar mechanism of cleavage was also found in the sera of breast cancer
      patients, where the endopeptidase catalyzing the first reaction was characterized
      as plasma kallikrein and the second reaction was carried out by serum leucine
      aminopeptidase. In no serum sample was there evidence for true cathepsin B
      activity.

PMID- 6380825
TI  - Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for prostatic acid
      phosphatase.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to measure prostatic
      acid phosphatase in human sera. The value of this method was tested on four
      groups: patients with non-prostatic disease, with prostatic hypertrophy, and with
      untreated and treated prostatic carcinoma. The results of ELISA were also
      compared with those of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and the conventional, enzymatic
      method. The specificity of ELISA as calculated from the hypertrophy group, was
      76% against 68% for EIA and 71% for the conventional method. The sensitivity of
      ELISA, calculated from the untreated carcinoma group, was 57% against 60% for EIA
      and 70% for the conventional method. ELISA did not prove better than EIA or the
      conventional method in quantifying prostatic acid phosphatase in patients' sera.

PMID- 6380826
TI  - Abnormal dietary regulation of erythrocyte insulin receptor affinity in non
      insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Decreased insulin binding to receptors is associated with the insulin resistance
      of obese and non-obese non-insulin-dependent diabetics. 'Down Regulation' by
      elevated insulin levels has been suggested as the cause, but factors influencing
      receptor affinity have not been examined. To investigate the control of receptors
      in diabetes, 10 non-insulin-dependent diabetics and 10 normal subjects were
      studied after 6 d on low and 6 d on high calorie diets of fixed composition (700
      and 2800 Kcal/70 kg of ideal body weight). The binding of insulin by erythrocytes
      of non-diabetics, as predicted, increased on the low and decreased on the high
      calorie diets, due to altered affinity. In contrast, the binding in the diabetics
      did not change significantly, and the responses to the low and high calorie diets
      were less than in the normal subjects (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.001
      respectively). Indeed, the insulin binding in all 5 non-obese diabetics changed
      in the opposite direction (P less than 0.01) to the non-diabetics, whereas the
      obese diabetics showed a mixed response. The changes in receptor binding in the
      diabetics was completely unrelated to the diurnal plasma insulin levels during 24
      h studies. We conclude that the dietary regulation of erythrocyte insulin
      receptor affinity in non-insulin-dependent diabetes is abnormal, and insulin
      receptor affinity is regulated by factors other than insulin. The relation of
      this abnormality to the insulin resistance needs further investigation.

PMID- 6380827
TI  - A prospective trial of unilateral grommets for bilateral secretory otitis media
      in children.
AB  - Fifty-four children with established chronic secretory otitis media, who had
      failed to respond to medical measures were treated with adenoidectomy and
      insertion of 1 grommet on a side chosen at random. Both sides improved and
      remained significantly improved at 12 months (P less than 0.001). At 3 months,
      the side with the grommet improved significantly more than the other side (P less
      than 0.05) but at 12 months there was no significant difference between the 2
      sides (P greater than 0.1).

PMID- 6380828
TI  - A prospective randomized trial of adenoidectomy vs grommet insertion in the
      treatment of glue ear.

PMID- 6380829
TI  - A young girl with ring(18) mosaicism: cytogenetic studies and PEP A mapping.
AB  - A young girl with 46,XX,r(18)/46,XX/45,XX,-18 chromosome constitution is
      reported. She displays a slight degree of mental retardation. The line with the
      ring chromosome predominates in blood lymphocytes. In skin fibroblast culture the
      ring(18) line showed a constant decreasing trend, from 45% at the first passage,
      down to its disappearance at the 19th passage, where only 46,XX cells were
      observed. The child/mid parents' ratio of Peptidase A activity in red cells was
      0.36. The Peptidase A activity in a fibroblast clone 46,XX,r(18) was 0.55
      compared to the 46,XX line. These data suggest that the PEP A locus was lost in
      ring formation.

PMID- 6380830
TI  - Enhanced inhibition of in vitro multiplication of Plasmodium falciparum by
      stimulated human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
AB  - The effect of normal human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes on in
      vitro multiplication of Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites was investigated.
      It was shown that normal neutrophils were able to phagocytose parasitized
      erythrocytes and free parasites and thus inhibit in vitro multiplication of the
      parasite. Stimulation of the neutrophils by phorbol myristate acetate, a potent
      stimulus of leucocyte oxidative metabolism, resulted in enhanced inhibition of
      parasite growth. Superoxide dismutase, scavenger of superoxide anion, catalase,
      inhibitor of hydrogen peroxide, and sodium azide, inhibitor of myeloperoxidase,
      did not abrogate the inhibitory ability of the neutrophils. The results indicate
      that polymorphonuclear leucocytes play an important role in the defence against
      P. falciparum malaria.

PMID- 6380831
TI  - In vivo and in vitro responses to sheep erythrocytes by lymph node cells from
      mice with trichinellosis.
AB  - Mice infected with Trichinella spiralis for 20 days have decreased numbers of
      plaque forming cells (PFC) in the draining lymph nodes following subcutaneous
      immunization with sheep erythrocytes. However, when immunized in vitro, lymph
      node cells from infected mice generate more PFC than normal controls. Splenectomy
      has no effect on suppression observed in vivo. There is a large increase in the
      proportion and numbers of B cells in the lymph nodes of infected mice, and these
      cells may account for the enhanced PFC responses in vitro.

PMID- 6380832
TI  - The role of complement and antibody in opsonization and intracellular killing of
      Candida albicans.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was two-fold. The first, to explore the
      relationship between ingestion (measured by the phagocytic index method),
      iodination (measured by the neutrophil iodination micromethod) and intracellular
      killing (measured by the methylene blue test) of Candida albicans by human
      polymorphonuclear leucocytes. The second, to determine the effects of complement
      and antibody on ingestion and intracellular killing of C. albicans. Optimal
      phagocytosis of C. albicans was observed in fresh untreated human serum.
      Phagocytosis was present but reduced, in serum depleted of either antibody (by
      absorption) or complement (by heating at 56 degrees C for 30 min). Whilst in the
      complete absence of serum, or in FCS the levels were reduced still further. The
      percentage killed of ingested C. albicans remained constant irrespective of the
      number of organisms ingested, thus the greater the number ingested, the greater
      the number killed. Maximal intracellular killing expressed as a percentage of
      ingested Candida occurred in fresh untreated serum. Intracellular killing did
      occur in heat-inactivated serum and absorbed serum, although the levels were
      significantly reduced. The results suggest that C. albicans opsonized in fresh
      normal PHS are phagocytosed as well as killed more efficiently than those
      opsonized with only complement or antibody.

PMID- 6380833
TI  - In vitro stimulation of lymphocytes with an antigen fraction prepared from
      Mycobacterium leprae and tuberculin PPD in contacts and non-contacts of leprosy
      patients.
AB  - An antigen fraction from Mycobacterium leprae, called MLW1, was used as
      stimulator in the lymphocyte stimulation test, for comparison with tuberculin
      PPD. The test was performed in three groups of contacts of leprosy patients with
      various degree of exposure: (1) close contacts, (2) healthy occupational contacts
      and (3) non-close contacts and, in addition, in a group of BCG vaccinated and non
      exposed controls. The MLW1 preparation induced moderate to strong responses in
      all three groups of contacts. Although the close contact group showed the highest
      median responses to all three doses tested, there were no significant differences
      between the contact groups. At all three doses levels the non-exposed group
      showed markedly and significantly lower median responses than the contact groups.
      The responses to tuberculin PPD was markedly and significantly lower in the close
      contact group than in the other groups. Both when individual responses to the two
      antigens MLW1 and PPD are compared and when the delta ct/min' estimator is used,
      the results indicate that the intensity of the specific response increases with
      the closeness of contact with leprosy patients.

PMID- 6380834
TI  - Macrophage populations in the human placenta and amniochorion.
AB  - Fetal and maternal macrophage populations in human utero-placental tissues at
      different stages of gestation have been studied using immunohistological and
      histochemical techniques. A large population of macrophages has been identified
      within maternal decidualized endometrium in both term and first trimester
      tissues, although lymphoid cells also constitute a major component of the bone
      marrow derived cells in the decidua of early pregnancy. In contrast, fetal
      macrophages have been shown to contribute nearly all of the substantial bone
      marrow derived cell population within placental chorionic villous mesenchyme and
      within the mesenchyme of the term amniochorion. Apart from a small population of
      stellate intensely HLA-DR positive cells in term placental villous stroma, these
      extra-embryonic fetal macrophages could be shown consistently to express both the
      leu-M3 tissue macrophage antigen and lysosomal enzyme activities. It is suggested
      that the major HLA-DR positive cell population of fetal amniochorion comprises
      'classical' macrophages rather than dendritic type cells. These various
      macrophage populations may perform vital phagocytic and degradative functions
      within utero-placental tissues and amniochorion.

PMID- 6380835
TI  - C3 receptors on granulocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and Felty's
      syndrome.
AB  - The expression of receptors for the third component of complement (C3R) on
      polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or
      Felty's syndrome (FS) and healthy controls (HC) was studied by means of a
      rosetting technique using ox erythrocytes coated with rabbit IgM and mouse
      complement. The percentage of rosette forming PMN (RF-PMN) was found to be
      increased in patients with FS (59%) and patients with RA (47%) compared to HC
      (18%), when measured directly after cold isolation of PMN. Incubation at 37
      degrees C of cold isolated cells increased the percentage of RF-PMN in all three
      groups, although the values were significantly higher during the first 45 min of
      incubation in both patient groups. When incubated with serum from patients with
      FS at 37 degrees C, cold isolated donor PMN formed significantly more rosettes
      than after incubation with donor serum. This increase was shown to be due to the
      presence of circulating immune complexes in the patient sera and could be
      mimicked by incubating donor PMN with aggregated human IgG. As a result of these
      experiments it was demonstrated that the increased percentages of PMN with C3R in
      patients with FS or RA are most likely caused by a previous in vivo activation of
      PMN by immune complexes. The possible effect of such an increase in C3R
      expression in relation to PMN function in these patients is discussed.

PMID- 6380836
TI  - In vivo alteration of antibody production in patients with IgA nephropathy.
AB  - Augmentation of IgA production has been postulated for the development of IgA
      nephropathy. An influenza HA vaccine was administered to healthy adults and
      patients with IgA nephropathy to elucidate if there was any in vivo alteration of
      antibody production in response to antigenic stimulation in these patients. The
      vaccine was administered s.c. in a dose of 350 CCA units at an interval of 4
      weeks. IgG, IgA and IgM class antibodies to influenza HA antigens and three
      classes of rheumatoid factors (RF) were determined using a solid phase
      fluorescence immunoassay. The titres of IgG class antibodies to influenza HA
      antigens did not change significantly in either group after the vaccination. No
      significant differences were observed in the titres of IgG antibodies between the
      two groups. IgA antibodies were significantly increased only in patients in the
      4th week and continued to the 8th week. The titres of IgA antibodies were always
      higher in patients than in controls during the study period. IgM antibodies were
      significantly increased stepwise in both groups to an equal degree. IgG and IgA
      RF were always higher in patients than in controls. IgM RF were significantly
      increased and higher than in controls in the 8th week in patients. It is
      concluded that patients with IgA nephropathy might be high responders for IgA
      antibody production, and that polyclonal activation might be associated with
      increased IgA production following in vivo antigenic stimulation in these
      patients.

PMID- 6380837
TI  - Treatment of rat nephrotoxic nephritis. Use of 5-fluorouracil or methotrexate-5
      fluorouracil association.
AB  - To evaluate the effect of 5-fluorouracil (F) and methotrexate-5-fluorouracil
      association (MTX-F) on nephrotoxic nephritis, seven groups of 10 rats were
      inoculated with anti-rat glomerular basement membrane serum (AGBMS); five groups
      were treated with different doses of F, beginning on the 2nd or the 6th day, one
      group with MTX-F beginning on the 2nd day and one group (control) with distilled
      water. Twenty-four hour proteinuria was determined weekly until the 71st day. The
      kidneys were examined histologically and by immunofluorescence. The group treated
      with F (1.3 mg/100 g body weight) developed a severe glomerulonephritis similar
      to the control group; (b) the groups treated with F (2.0 mg/100 g body weight) or
      with MTX-F showed progressively lower proteinuria, less severe histological
      changes and less intense fluorescence due to autologous antibodies. The best
      results were observed in the MTX-F group and in the F group treated from the 6th
      day. These groups presented at the 71st day proteinuria of 84 and 91 mg as
      compared to 312 mg in the control group, and minimal histological lesions as
      compared to glomerulosclerosis and tubular atrophy in the control group. We
      concluded that either F or MTX-F produced significant improvement of nephrotoxic
      nephritis due to inhibition of autologous antibody production.

PMID- 6380838
TI  - Failure of R1 type anti-reticulin antibody to react with fibronectin, collagen
      type III or the non-collagenous reticulin component (NCRC).
AB  - The precise specificity of the R1 anti-reticulin antibody (ARA) associated with
      untreated gluten sensitive enteropathy (GSE) is unknown. Collagen type III,
      fibronectin and the non-collagenous reticulin component (NCRC) of Pras & Glynn
      (1973) co-distribute in tissues in a manner consistent with their being
      components of reticulin. We therefore used purified preparations of these
      connective tissue components in studies of the specificity of the ARA. Our
      results show that the ARA found in GSE does not react with collagen type III,
      fibronectin or NCRC.

PMID- 6380839
TI  - Peripolesis followed by cytotoxicity in chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel
      disease.
AB  - Antigen presenting veiled cells have recently been described in cell suspensions
      prepared from the gut wall of patients with chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel
      disease (CIBD). The normal gut wall is virtually devoid of these cells. In this
      report we describe a phenomenon known as peripolesis studied by phase contrast
      cinematography. This is a process in which lymphocytes are seen to wander around
      larger target cells. These could be identified ultrastructurally as Ia positive
      veiled cells. In most cases peripolesis was followed by lysis of the target cell.
      Peripolesis was recorded in cell suspensions of three out of seven patients with
      ulcerative colitis and in three out of nine patients with Crohn's disease;
      furthermore peripolesis was observed in one out of two patients with non
      classifiable CIBD. In four cell suspensions showing peripolesis, cell lysis could
      be recorded and was especially striking in ulcerative colitis. Peripolesis
      involving veiled cells was previously described in delayed hypersensitivity
      reactions. This study lends support to the concept that delayed allergic
      reactivity plays a part in chronic inflammatory bowel disease. The antigens
      involved are, however, completely unknown.

PMID- 6380840
TI  - In vitro and in vivo reversal of thyroid epithelial polarity: its relevance for
      autoimmune thyroid disease.
AB  - A method is described for culturing intact human thyroid follicles, based on the
      study of 40 thyroidectomy specimens from normal (n = 18) and diseased glands (n =
      22). Reversal of the normal polarity of thyrocytes, whereby the microvilli move
      from the colloid edge to the vascular pole of the cells, occurs gradually when
      the amount of fetal calf serum (FCS) is changed from 0.5% to 10%. The
      translocation of thyroid 'microvillar' antigens, (surface expression of
      'microsomal' and a separate surface antigen) from the follicular to the vascular
      pole of thyrocytes was assessed by indirect immunofluorescence with human sera
      containing microsomal antibodies, as well as by electron microscopy. In normal
      and diseased thyroid glands up to 80% of follicles became reversed after 5-10
      days in high FCS and the microsomal/microvillar antigen persisted for about twice
      as long as in monolayer cultures. Spontaneous reversal of polarity was observed
      in six of eight glands from patients with Graves' thyrotoxicosis or toxic nodular
      goitre in freshly dispersed tissues or after 2 days in 0.5% FCS, unlike normal
      tissues where only a trace of reversal appeared after 7 days of culture under
      these conditions. It is postulated that polarity reversal may play a role in
      human thyroid autoimmunity as the normally secluded 'microvillar' antigens
      becomes transposed to the vascular pole of thyroid follicles where they are in
      direct contact with cytotoxic antibodies or sensitized immunocytes. This could
      initiate lesions in intact follicles. Inappropriate HLA-DR expression on
      thyrocytes, either stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) or appearing
      spontaneously as an early marker of thyroiditis, did not correlate with reversal
      of polarity.

PMID- 6380842
TI  - Isolation and analysis of circulating immune complexes in leprosy.
AB  - Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were isolated by two antigen nonspecific
      methods from 60 leprosy patients belonging to borderline tuberculoid (BT) and
      lepromatous (LL) types with and without reactions. CIC were elevated in both BT
      and LL reactions. CIC from BT in reaction (BTR) were found to consist largely of
      IgG and C3, whereas, C-reactive protein could be found in CIC from LL reactions
      (LR). In addition, IgM and rheumatoid factor were demonstrated in the complexes
      of LR patients who had mainly arthritis. Antimycobacterial antibody was seen in
      the complexes of two-thirds of LR patients who had predominantly skin
      manifestations as part of their reaction. The relevance of these findings to the
      clinical manifestations of different types of reactions is discussed.

PMID- 6380841
TI  - Immunoglobulin secretion by peripheral blood and bone marrow B cells in patients
      with multiple myeloma. Studies by the reverse haemolytic plaque assay.
AB  - The reverse haemolytic plaque assay (RHPA) was used to enumerate circulating and
      bone marrow (BM) immunoglobulin secreting cells (ISC) in patients with multiple
      myeloma (MM) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), as
      well as in normal controls. Significantly greater quantities of plaque forming
      cells (PFC) secreting the same isotype of the serum M component were detected in
      the peripheral blood of MM patients than in the blood of MGUS patients or normal
      subjects. Comparative analysis of the numbers of monoclonal PFC in both
      peripheral blood (PB) and BM at diagnosis usually showed a higher number as well
      as more precocious chemotherapy-induced variations of ISC in the BM compartment
      than in the PB. Although large individual variations were observed during follow
      up studies of MM patients, persistently increased or decreased levels of
      monoclonal PFC were often found to accompany (and sometimes to precede by months)
      the phases of relapse or remission, respectively. Similarly to IgG-MGUS patients,
      a distorted ratio of IgG kappa to IgG lambda secreting cells was consistently
      detected in patients with smouldering MM, although the total number (IgG kappa
      plus IgG lambda) of ISC appeared within normal limits. It is suggested that, in
      addition to other clinical and laboratory criteria, the RHPA may be of value in
      the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with monoclonal gammopathies.

PMID- 6380844
TI  - Immunopathological correlation between mesangial C3d-deposition and C3d-fixing
      circulating immune complexes in lupus nephritis.
AB  - By a direct immunofluorescent technique, glomerular C3d deposition was examined
      in a total of 50 renal biopsy specimens from patients with lupus nephritis. C3d
      deposition was then compared with disease activity, glomerular IgG and C3c
      deposition, and the levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) measured by a
      solid-phase anti-C3d assay. There was a good correlation between disease activity
      and the positivity of glomerular C3d deposits (P less than 0.001), as well as C3c
      deposits (P less than 0.001). Even in clinically inactive patients, a relatively
      high percentage (59%) of C3d deposits were positive compared with C3c deposits
      (17%). Mesangial C3d deposition correlated with clinical disease activity more
      significantly (P less than 0.005) than capillary wall C3d deposition (P less than
      0.025). C3d deposits were detected in all of the 30 cases with positive C3c
      deposits, and moreover, in 15 of the 20 (75%) cases with negative C3c deposits.
      Glomerular IgG deposits were almost always associated with C3d deposits, both in
      mesangial areas and along capillary walls, with statistical significance (P less
      than 0.005, P less than 0.001, respectively). The serum levels of C3d-fixing
      immune complexes (IC) were significantly correlated with the positivity and
      intensity of mesangial C3d deposits. This study demonstrates glomerular
      deposition of C3d in patients with lupus nephritis and reveals a significant
      correlation between mesangial C3d deposition and disease activity.

PMID- 6380843
TI  - Further purification of neutrophil migration inhibition factor from T lymphocytes
      (NIF-T): evidence that NIF-T and leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF) are
      immunologically distinct.
AB  - Neutrophil migration inhibition factor from T lymphocytes (NIF-T) purified by
      antibody affinity chromatography and gel filtration chromatography was
      radioiodinated and identified as a 26,000-MW protein by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). NIF-T was identified by elution of
      biological activity from gel fractions and selective adsorption of a
      radioiodinated mediator by HL60 cells differentiated in the presence of dimethyl
      sulfoxide (DMSO) to develop receptors for NIF-T. A goat neutralizing antibody for
      NIF-T neutralized and immunoprecipitated migration inhibition activity in the
      conditioned medium from Mo T-lymphoblast cells and human peripheral blood
      lymphocytes (PBL) cultured with concanavalin A (Con A), but not from RPMI 1788 B
      lymphoblast cells with leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (LIF) activity.
      These studies distinguish NIF-T both chemically and immunologically from LIF.

PMID- 6380846
TI  - Conservative replacement methods for missing teeth. Part II: Posterior teeth.

PMID- 6380845
TI  - Lymphokine responses to concanavalin A stimulation: association with HLA DR
      antigens.
AB  - Stimulation of human lymphocytes with concanavalin A (Con A) resulted in variable
      lymphokine responses as indicated by factors inhibiting macrophage migration
      (MIF) or stimulating macrophage migration (MStF), or resulted in negligible
      responses. These responses were consistent for a given individual when repeated
      after several months. MIF responses were observed more frequently than MStF
      responses in patients with renal failure who had demonstrable alloantibodies.
      MStF responses were statistically associated with the presence of HLA DR1
      antigens in patients with renal failure and two separate groups of healthy
      individuals, while MIF responses were associated with DR7 in the three groups
      studied. There was no correlation between immunoglobulin allotypes and lymphokine
      responses. These results suggest that lymphokine responses to Con A are
      indicators of nonspecific immunological responsiveness and are influenced by
      genes associated with the major histocompatibility complex.

PMID- 6380847
TI  - An immediate dual purpose restoration of posterior root-filled teeth (the
      "amalgam crown").

PMID- 6380848
TI  - Renal allograft failure due to recurrent dense intramembranous deposit disease.
AB  - Dense intramembranous deposit disease (DIDD) almost universally recurs in renal
      allografts. However, the 29 previously reported cases suggest that recurrent DIDD
      rarely results in graft failure. We studied the clinical course and renal
      histology of the 6 patients with DIDD who have received renal allografts here
      since 1967. All patients had characteristic findings of DIDD in their native
      kidneys by light, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Seven grafts in 4
      patients failed and histological evaluation showed that 5 of these allografts in
      4 patients were lost due to recurrent disease. They all demonstrated marked
      mesangial proliferation with crescents but minimal acute interstitial or vascular
      changes of rejection. Patients with graft failure due to recurrent disease were
      male and developed recurrent nephrotic syndrome. The 2 patients with rapidly
      progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) in their native kidneys lost the
      transplanted kidney due to recurrent disease within 1 year. This study suggests
      that recurrence of DIDD in renal allografts is a more serious problem than
      previously appreciated, especially in patients with RPGN.

PMID- 6380849
TI  - Clinical and morphological recovery between two episodes of acute
      glomerulonephritis: a light and electron microscopic study with
      immunofluorescence.
AB  - A 4 year-old girl presented with 2 episodes of acute glomerulonephritis with
      clinical and morphological recovery between them. Both episodes were preceded by
      impetigo. The first and third renal biopsies showed glomerulitis with diffuse
      dense deposits in the mesangium, segmentary intramembranous dense deposits,
      atypical "humps" and granular C3. The second biopsy, taken between episodes, was
      considered to be normal. Two years and 5 months after the second episode the
      clinical evaluation and laboratory tests were normal.

PMID- 6380850
TI  - Multiresistant Serratia marcescens peritonitis in a patient on continuous
      ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) successfully treated with Azthreonam
      (S26,776) a new monobactam antibiotic.

PMID- 6380851
TI  - Haemopoietic multipotential stem cells in culture.

PMID- 6380853
TI  - Human stem cells in culture.

PMID- 6380852
TI  - Long-term marrow cultures in the analysis of viral leukaemogenesis.

PMID- 6380854
TI  - Analysis of haemopoiesis: the use of cell markers and in vitro culture techniques
      in studies of clonal haemopathies in man.
AB  - The clonal haemopathies have in common the expansion of a neoplastic stem cell
      which has retained a variable capacity for differentiation to granulocytes,
      monocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets. Although normal stem cells are present in
      such patients, their differentiation is somehow suppressed. However, their
      presence may be demonstrated either by cell culture studies, employing G6PD as
      the marker in appropriately selected cases, or by their emergence in patients
      subjected to marrow ablative chemotherapy. Suppression of normal stem cell growth
      and development does not require a hyperproliferative marrow, and the current
      data do not support the notion that normal stem cells are simply reduced in
      frequency by a vast increase in the numbers of neoplastic progenitors. It is
      likely, therefore, that such suppression involves cellular signals, operating
      over short distances (perhaps through cell-to-cell contact), which interfere with
      normal progenitors. Thus, stem cell culture techniques, in combination with cell
      markers, have provided a direct and informative way to approach the issues of
      disease pathogenesis, the kinetics of stem cell differentiation, and the
      interaction of normal and neoplastic cells in patients with clonal haemopathies.

PMID- 6380855
TI  - The blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukaemia.
AB  - Cell culture methods are available that permit colony formation by the normal
      progenitors of myelopoiesis and lymphopoiesis. The blast cells of acute
      myeloblastic leukaemia may also form colonies under selective conditions in
      culture. It is feasible, therefore, to determine some of the properties of blast
      progenitors. These were found to be uniformly in active cell cycle. However,
      great patient-to-patient variation was seen in the sensitivity of blast
      progenitors to chemotherapeutic agents and in their capacity to undergo self
      renewal. The latter attribute, but not the former, was correlated with clinical
      outcome. These culture findings were used to propose a model of AML that includes
      an increase in diversity with malignant transformation. The model finds further
      support from studies of the phenotypes of blast cells freshly obtained from AML
      patients.

PMID- 6380856
TI  - Hemodynamic and clinical findings after combined therapy with metoprolol and
      nifedipine in acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - In a double-blind trial, 30 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction
      with onset of symptoms within the previous 24 h were randomized to treatment with
      10 mg nifedipine/placebo orally 4 times a day during hospitalization. All
      patients were given 15 mg metoprolol intravenously 20 min after the initial
      administration of nifedipine/placebo, and thereafter, 50 mg 4 times a day. The
      combined therapy resulted only in moderate changes in systolic blood pressure and
      heart rate compared with metoprolol alone. Three of the 15 patients in the
      nifedipine group versus 2 of the 15 in the placebo group were withdrawn because
      of hypotension and/or bradycardia. None was withdrawn because of congestive heart
      failure or A-V block. It is concluded that the combination of nifedipine and
      metoprolol seems to be a relatively well-tolerated combination in acute
      myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6380857
TI  - Insulin-binding to erythrocytes in type I diabetes mellitus: effects of
      continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin.
AB  - The binding of 125I-insulin was determined using erythrocytes obtained from 11
      subjects with Type I diabetes mellitus treated with continuous subcutaneous
      infusions of insulin for 1 year or more. The binding characteristics were
      compared to those for erythrocytes isolated from 12 normal subjects and 10
      subjects with Type I diabetes mellitus treated with conventional daily injections
      of insulin. The total binding of 125I-insulin, receptor concentration, and high
      and low affinity binding constants were estimated using washed erythrocytes
      obtained from fasted subjects. The mean total specific binding for subjects
      treated with continuous subcutaneous infusion did not differ from that for
      conventionally treated diabetic subjects but was slightly lower than that for
      normal subjects at p less than 0.05. Receptor concentration did not vary
      significantly between the groups. High and low affinity binding constants were
      slightly lower in the group treated with continuous subcutaneous infusion. Both
      basal and diurnal plasma levels of free immunoreactive insulin were slightly but
      significantly elevated in both groups of diabetic subjects compared to that in
      normal subjects. Thus, in spite of the greater biological effectiveness of the
      continuous insulin infusion program in terms of glycemic control, the insulin
      binding parameters, as well as the estimates of plasma free immunoreactive
      insulin levels, are consistent with modest and comparable degrees of
      hyperinsulinemia with both treatments.

PMID- 6380858
TI  - A study of efficacy, tolerance and compliance of once-daily versus twice-daily
      metoprolol (Betaloc) in hypertension. Betaloc Compliance Canadian Cooperative
      Study Group.
AB  - The effects of metoprolol (Betaloc tablets) in a group of 193 hypertensives were
      compared with the effects of a slow-release formulation (Betaloc Durules) in a
      further group of 196 patients. Patients were selected at random for treatment.
      There were no differences between the groups in terms of age, weight, sex, blood
      pressure, concurrent illness or concomitant therapy. Blood pressure control and
      apparent adverse effects were similar for both groups; the overall withdrawal
      rate from each group was similar. Compliance, assessed by tablet counts, was
      significantly improved in the group receiving once-daily therapy. Simplification
      of the dosage regimen to once-daily therapy appears to improve the patient's
      willingness to comply with the physician's instructions.

PMID- 6380859
TI  - Chymopapain allergy: case reports and identification of patients at risk for
      chymopapain anaphylaxis.
AB  - Chymopapain has been approved for intradiscal injection in the United States and
      is expected to be used in approximately 100,000 patients per year. The need to
      identify the population at risk for anaphylaxis is obvious. Both in vivo and in
      vitro methods are available for measurement of IgE against chymopapain. This is a
      report of two cases of chymopapain allergy. One case discusses a 25-year-old
      woman who had rhinitis, asthma, and urticaria associated with occupational health
      hazards who was rejected for chemonucleolysis. The other case describes a 59-year
      old man who had a predictably severe anaphylactic reaction to chymopapain and
      responded to treatment with epinephrine. Both patients had IgE antibody against
      chymopapain.

PMID- 6380860
TI  - Respiratory arrest following posteriorly displaced odontoid fractures. Case
      reports and review of the literature.
AB  - Posterior displacement of the odontoid after fracture occurs much less frequently
      than does anterior displacement. Experience with four patients suggests that
      anatomic reduction may not be possible and prolonged attempts to gain reduction
      are not advisable. Those cases should be managed with early application of a halo
      vest. A rotating frame should be avoided. The potential for respiratory arrest,
      at least in the older individual, is great and can be precipitated even by a
      change of position in the process of turning on the rotating frame. The mechanism
      of the respiratory failure is obscure.

PMID- 6380861
TI  - Technique of cervical interbody fusion.
AB  - A dovetail autogeneic graft is demonstrated for anterior interbody fusion of the
      cervical spine for degenerated or protruded intervertebral discs. The method is
      applicable for one or more levels and has been successfully combined with
      vertebral body resection for metastatic tumors and trauma. The procedure provides
      secure initial interbody immobilization and prevents interbody collapse. None of
      the 58 cases had grafts slip from their original position. The union rate has
      been 100%.

PMID- 6380862
TI  - Gangrene of the upper extremity following intra-arterial injection of drugs. A
      case report and review of the literature.
AB  - A case of inadvertent intra-arterial self-injection of crushed codeine tablets in
      an 37-year-old man, resulting in gangrene of an upper extremity, is presented.
      The problem studied was whether the gangrene was caused by the codeine or by one
      of the excipients found in the tablets. The cause of the gangrene was
      investigated in an experimental study. Each of the components of the tablet
      (codeine, lactose, gelatin, carboxymethyl cellulose, calcium stearate, talc, and
      microcrystalline cellulose) was injected into the femoral arteries of dogs. The
      results of the study clearly demonstrate that the unique component producing the
      gangrene was the micro-crystalline cellulose, while the injection of pure codeine
      was harmless. To date, the only reported deleterious effects of intravascular
      injection of micro-crystalline cellulose have been pulmonary embolism and
      granulomatosis. Some examples of drugs that include microcrystalline cellulose
      are methadone, methaqualone, oxcycodone, acetaminophen, aspirin with codeine,
      propoxyphene napsylate, meprobamate, and phenobarbital. Recently, the
      vulnerability of drug addicts who habitually inject drugs into veins to the
      accidental injection of an artery has been noted, and it seems likely that in the
      future the problem of intra-arterial injection will increase in severity. The
      literature of the last 40 years is reviewed, and a list of drugs known to have
      produced gangrene when injected intra-arterially is cited.

PMID- 6380863
TI  - Demineralized bone-matrix-induced osteogenesis.
AB  - A review of the literature on bone formation induced by demineralized bone and
      dentin indicates that: there is considerable interest in the biology and applied
      science of osteoinduction; the technology has been developed, but it varies in
      detail from one laboratory to another because of specific and individual
      objectives; and the accumulated evidence supports the concept of cartilage and
      bone cell differentiation induced by a unique bone morphogenetic protein (BMP).

PMID- 6380864
TI  - The development of the vertebrate limb.
AB  - Knowledge of the early development of the tetrapod limb largely rests on studies
      conducted on the chick embryo, the main object of descriptive and experimental
      work on limb morphogenesis for the last 40 years. A short account is given here
      of the origin and gradual changes in size and shape of the limb bud, the
      structure of its ectodermal and mesodermal components, and the mechanisms at play
      during the early phases of the organogenesis of the skeletal pieces, joints, and
      muscles. From studies on the causality of limb morphogenesis in both amphibian
      and avian embryos, it appears that the mesodermal component of the primitive limb
      area, activated by influences exerted by the adjacent somitic mesoderm, is the
      primary seat of the limb developmental potencies. The limb type, the
      establishment of the limb axes, and the individuation, determination, and
      differentiation of the limb articles in a definite temporal sequence according to
      an orderly proximodistal pattern seem to be inherent properties of the mesoderm.
      Uncertainties exist as to (1) the nature of interactions between mesoderm and
      ectoderm in limb-bud outgrowth and pattern formation and (2) the precise role(s)
      played by the ectoderm, particularly by its apical thickening--a structure that,
      after all, does not form in urodeles and some anurans. Mention is also made of
      the regulation ability of chick limb-bud and of recent attempts to stimulate limb
      regeneration in mammals.

PMID- 6380865
TI  - The classic. Separations of the epiphyses. By Jean Timothee Emile Foucher. 1867.

PMID- 6380866
TI  - Comparative strength of anterior spinal fixation with bone graft or
      polymethylmethacrylate. Experimental operations and observations on dogs.
AB  - In 23 dogs, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was safely implanted in the region of
      the spinal cord. The dogs were treated by bone or cement fixation after anterior
      excision of a single cervical vertebral body. Fixation was compared at 0-18
      weeks, with control values obtained from 11 dogs. Anterior cement fixation did
      not displace after 18 weeks. The anterior bone graft appeared to achieve adequate
      fixation strength around six weeks. The strength of the bone-graft fixation
      increased, while that of cement fixation decreased somewhat with time. At all
      time intervals, the ratio of energy absorption to structural failure was somewhat
      higher with bone graft than with PMMA.

PMID- 6380867
TI  - [Clinical pictures of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease based on 97 autopsy cases in
      Japan--with special reference to clinicopathological correlation of cerebellar
      symptoms].

PMID- 6380868
TI  - Vertebral hyperemia associated with bone marrow insult and recovery.
AB  - A 15-year-old boy with rhabdoid sarcoma received chemotherapy, which was followed
      by bone marrow depression, massive nosebleeds and, finally, hematologic recovery.
      On both hepatobiliary and renal scintigraphy, prominent vertebral activity was
      present in early images. Correlation with his clinical course suggests that the
      findings reflect hyperemia due to marrow insult and recovery. Radionuclide
      imaging to detect hyperemia may be a useful probe for drug effects on
      hematopoietic bone marrow.

PMID- 6380869
TI  - Ascending aortic aneurysm.

PMID- 6380873
TI  - Coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia in newborns.
AB  - Coagulase-negative staphylococci (C-NS) recently have been identified as common
      causes of septicemia in high-risk newborns. In this review of the incidence and
      clinical significance of C-NS blood culture isolates from infants with suspected
      septicemia in a newborn intensive care unit (NICU), 2.2 percent of blood cultures
      in an 18-month period yielded C-NS. Based on the criterion of growth in multiple
      blood cultures as evidence of bacteremia, six of 30 infants (20%) were
      bacteremic, 17 (57%) represented probable contaminants (on the basis of growth in
      only one of two paired blood cultures with CN-S), and seven cases (23%) were
      indeterminant (only one culture was obtained). In those infants considered
      bacteremic, onset occurred between 12 and 51 days of age. In those with probable
      contaminants, all but three occurred in the first week of life. All infants had
      manifestations of suspected sepsis and survived the clinical episode. These
      findings indicate that C-NS growth can be due to nosocomial bacteremia but
      frequently represents blood culture contamination, especially in infants in the
      first week of life. At least two paired peripheral blood cultures should be
      obtained in infants with suspected septicemia to differentiate bacteremia from
      contamination.

PMID- 6380872
TI  - Renal function related changes in lithium kinetics.
AB  - The renal clearance of lithium will decrease, and hence the risk of acute lithium
      toxicity will increase, in any situation leading to dehydration and sodium
      depletion. Patients on long term lithium therapy with progressively declining
      urinary concentrating ability may be at special risk in this regard. Chronic
      histological changes in the kidney attributed to lithium therapy correlate with
      age rather than with the duration of lithium therapy. Age-related renal
      histological changes are associated with decreased glomerular filtration rate and
      therefore reduced renal lithium clearance. Thus, the dose of lithium should be
      reduced with advancing age.

PMID- 6380871
TI  - Clinical pharmacokinetics of methotrexate in children.
AB  - Among the few antineoplastic agents investigated pharmacologically in children
      and adults, methotrexate has been clearly demonstrated to be handled differently
      in the two age groups. Age has in fact proved to be a major determinant, exerting
      an effect on both the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methotrexate. Its
      pharmacokinetics, in turn, determine the drug toxicity. The beta-phase of
      methotrexate clearance, represented by the plasma drug concentration 48 hours
      from the start of a 6-hour infusion in a high dose treatment regimen, appears to
      be constant with age. In children, an increasing plasma drug concentration is
      apparent with increasing age, but whether this trend reflects a potential
      increase in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve of methotrexate
      has yet to be defined. Recent investigations have suggested that the drug is more
      completely distributed in the tissues of children than adults at the same infused
      dosage. This may explain the increased tissue toxicity caused by methotrexate.
      However, other observations suggest a faster drug turnover rate in the tissues of
      children. This may prevent the drug from concentrating in vital organs. Whether
      the metabolism of methotrexate, particularly the biosynthesis of methotrexate
      polyglutamates, plays a role in the biological effect of the drug is worthy of
      further investigation. The high brain tissue concentration after systemic
      methotrexate infusion and the slower efflux of methotrexate from brain tissues
      and cerebrospinal fluid make these tissues vulnerable to methotrexate toxicity.

PMID- 6380874
TI  - Acute thrombocytopenic purpura and poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis in
      a child.
AB  - The occurrence of acute idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura in association with
      poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis in a 5 1/2-year-old boy is described. This
      association has been reported only in two cases in the literature. We are
      reporting the first biopsy-proven confirmation of this association.

PMID- 6380870
TI  - Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations in drug therapy of cardiac
      emergencies.
AB  - In the drug therapy of cardiac emergencies, it is necessary to rapidly achieve
      therapeutic drug concentrations and adjust drug dose as the patient's clinical
      status changes. Cardiac dysfunction is often present and may alter drug
      pharmacokinetics. Circulatory failure causes sympathetically mediated
      vasoconstriction in most tissues, with relative sparing of the brain and heart
      due to autoregulation. Blood flow to vasoconstricted tissues is reduced, and the
      available cardiac output is redistributed so that the heart and brain receive a
      greater fraction. Drug distribution to tissues is therefore slowed, and the
      initial concentration of drug in blood is higher when circulatory failure is
      present than when it is absent. This higher blood concentration is reflected by
      higher concentrations of drug in the brain and heart, which are relatively well
      perfused. Initial doses of many drugs need to be reduced in patients with
      circulatory failure to prevent cardiac or central nervous system toxicity.
      Cardiac output is markedly diminished during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR),
      but blood flow distribution is qualitatively similar to that of circulatory
      failure with spontaneous circulation. Pneumatic trousers increase lower extremity
      vascular resistance and may produce a similar redistribution of blood flow. Drug
      distribution during the use of CPR or pneumatic trousers should be similar to
      that of circulatory failure with spontaneous circulation, but few data are
      available to guide drug dosing during the use of these interventions. Animal data
      suggest that the central volume of distribution of some drugs during CPR may be
      as small as one-tenth of normal. Drug metabolism in circulatory failure may be
      impaired by reduced hepatic blood flow resulting in decreased clearance of highly
      extracted drugs, or by hepatocellular dysfunction resulting in decreased
      clearance of poorly extracted drugs. Drug excretion may be impaired by reduced
      renal blood flow resulting in decreased filtration or secretion and increased
      reabsorption. The maintenance dose of many drugs must therefore be reduced in the
      presence of circulatory failure. Intravenous drug administration is preferred in
      patients with circulatory failure. The central intravenous route is often
      convenient but must be used cautiously when administering potentially cardiotoxic
      drugs. Intratracheal administration appears to be a promising alternative for
      some drugs, such as adrenaline (epinephrine). Intracardiac injections are
      hazardous and offer no demonstrated advantage over other routes.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6380875
TI  - Sepsis and meningitis associated with anal dilation in a newborn infant.

PMID- 6380876
TI  - Concurrent right diaphragmatic hernia and type C tracheoesophogeal fistula. A
      case report.

PMID- 6380877
TI  - Complex effects of diet on drug disposition.

PMID- 6380879
TI  - Time course of antihypertensive effect of low-dose captopril in mild to moderate
      hypertension.
AB  - The time course of various doses of captopril (C) alone, hydrochlorothiazide (H)
      alone, and C with H was followed in 142 subjects with mild hypertension. Doses of
      C were 12.5, 25, and 50 mg three times daily or 37.5 mg twice daily and dose of H
      was 25 mg twice daily. Time-course measurements were made during continuous
      treatment, with morning dose omitted on the test day. After C alone, diastolic
      blood pressure (BP) fell to its lowest point 2 to 5 hr and then gradually
      returned toward baseline. Reductions from levels before treatment were present 13
      hr after a dose and there were no significant differences between various doses
      of C at that time. Systolic BP fell only with the larger doses. When C was
      combined with H, both systolic and diastolic BP decreased more than with either C
      or H alone, reaching a nadir at 2 hr. BP remained significantly below levels
      before treatment for at least 13 hr after dosing. Except for the response to the
      lowest (12.5 mg) dose, small doses of C alone had the same effect as large doses
      on both degree and duration of antihypertensive response. Effect was considerably
      enhanced by addition of a thiazide diuretic.

PMID- 6380878
TI  - Acute hemodynamic and hormonal response to indoramin in congestive heart failure.
AB  - Acute hemodynamic and hormonal responses to a single dose of indoramin, an alpha
      1-antagonist, were evaluated in 11 subjects with severe chronic congestive heart
      failure. A hemodynamic effect began within 1 hr of indoramin and persisted during
      the 6 hr of hemodynamic monitoring. Decreased right and left ventricular filling
      pressures were associated with increased stroke index and decreased pulmonary and
      systemic vascular resistances. Heart rate did not increase despite a fall in
      systemic arterial pressure. Forearm blood flow, forearm venous capacitance, and
      plasma norepinephrine levels were unchanged, whereas plasma renin activity rose
      from 12.7 +/- 17.4 to 16.6 +/- 20.4 ng/ml/hr. The only side effect was drowsiness
      in five of the 11 subjects. Our data demonstrate the acute effectiveness of
      indoramin in reducing ventricular preload and systemic vascular resistance in
      heart failure.

PMID- 6380880
TI  - Altered pressor responses in long-term nitrendipine treatment.
AB  - The effect of long-term treatment with nitrendipine on systemic pressor responses
      to norepinephrine (NE) and angiotensin II (AII) was evaluated in 11 subjects with
      mild, uncomplicated hypertension. Pressor responses to NE and AII were measured
      at the end of a 4-wk placebo period and after 5 wk treatment with nitrendipine
      (final dose 16 mg twice daily; range 5 to 20 mg/day) or placebo. In subjects who
      received nitrendipine, clinic supine blood pressure was reduced from 152 +/-
      12/96 +/- 4 mm Hg to 134 +/- 11/84 +/- 5 mm Hg and pressor responses to NE but
      not to AII were attenuated. Endogenous plasma levels of NE and renin activity
      were not changed by nitrendipine. Data suggest that noradrenergic blood pressure
      control mechanisms depend more on cellular calcium transport than do AII-mediated
      ones and may help explain the greater effectiveness of calcium entry blockers in
      the treatment of low-renin hypertension.

PMID- 6380881
TI  - Breast shaping procedures, abdominoplasty, and thighplasty in Australia.
AB  - There have been many changes in the last ten years in surgery of the breasts,
      abdomen, and thighs. This article places these advances in perspective from the
      point of view of a surgeon practicing in Australia. Careful consideration is
      given to minor points in operative technique and patient selection, which will
      help to achieve consistently good results with minimal complication. Great
      emphasis is placed on tailoring the operations to the needs of the patient.

PMID- 6380882
TI  - The why and how of fitting a casting.

PMID- 6380883
TI  - Liber amicorum presented to Prof. Dr. J. R. Blickman.

PMID- 6380884
TI  - Radiological visualization of the portal venous system. A historical review.
AB  - A summary of several techniques for visualization of the portal venous system,
      developed in the last four decades, is given. The various methods are divided
      into direct and indirect techniques. Indirect arterial portography is the method
      of choice in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, being the most physiologic
      technique, visualizing the total portal venous system including arterial supply
      and having a low complication risk.

PMID- 6380885
TI  - Relationship between contrast medium dose and adverse effects in lumbar
      myelography.
AB  - In a prospective double-blind randomized study involving 40 patients undergoing
      lumbar myelography, an attempt was made to correlate adverse effects of the
      examination with contrast medium dosage. Metrizamide for myelography is dispensed
      in two dosage aliquots, 3.75 and 6.75 g. In one group of 20 patients (10 males
      and 10 females) the higher dose was utilized routinely, in a second similar group
      the lower dose. 24 h after myelography complaints of headache were noted in 9 out
      of 40 patients; nausea, sometimes with vomiting, in 3 out of 40, and giddiness or
      light-headedness in 6 out of 40. No other side effects were registered.
      Complaints after myelography occurred significantly more often in females than in
      males, but there was no correlation between the incidence of complaints and the
      dose of metrizamide administered.

PMID- 6380886
TI  - Comparative study of iohexol and meglumine iothalamate in double-contrast knee
      arthrography.
AB  - A comparison has been made between meglumine iothalamate and a low-osmolar
      contrast medium, iohexol, in arthrography of the knee. A controlled study
      evaluated the immediate and delayed patient response as well as the quality of
      the examination, which was assessed by two radiologists without knowledge of
      which contrast medium had been employed. The results show that iohexol is a good
      contrast medium for knee arthrography but offers no advantages to offset the
      increased cost compared with contrast media in current use.

PMID- 6380887
TI  - Exercise in therapy and the life of diabetic patients.

PMID- 6380888
TI  - Glucocorticoid inhibition of mineralocorticoid action in the rat.
AB  - The mineralocorticoid activity of corticosterone based on acute changes in
      urinary Na+/K+ ratios in adrenalectomized rats was 1000 times less than that of
      aldosterone. However, corticosterone had only kaliuretic actions whereas
      aldosterone had both antinatriuretic and kaliuretic properties. Corticosterone
      inhibited the antinatriuretic actions of aldosterone. Adrenalectomized rats
      infused continuously with a physiological dose of corticosterone (1 mg/day) were
      5 time less sensitive to the antinatriuretic and 25 times less sensitive to the
      kaliuretic actions of aldosterone when administered acutely than were control
      adrenalectomized rats. The long term effects of infusions of physiological doses
      of aldosterone and corticosterone were assessed in adrenalectomized rats
      maintained in metabolic cages. Aldosterone lowered plasma renin activity and
      reduced fluid (0.3% NaCl) intake; these effects were diminished when aldosterone
      and corticosterone were infused simultaneously. Plasma renin activity and fluid
      intake were correlated in long term infusion experiments. Both hormones had
      hypokalaemic effects but these were not additive. Corticosterone, but not
      aldosterone, increased systolic blood pressure and plasma sodium levels. We
      conclude that glucocorticoid effects on water and electrolyte metabolism are
      different from those of mineralocorticoids, that glucocorticoids may antagonize
      mineralocorticoid effects and that interactions between mineralocorticoids and
      glucocorticoids may be important in long term blood pressure regulation.

PMID- 6380889
TI  - The effects of a chronic infusion of arginine vasopressin in salt-restricted,
      water-deprived man.
AB  - The effects of a 48 h infusion of arginine vasopressin (AVP) were measured in
      five separate studies on four normal salt-restricted physicians, in whom fluid
      retention was prevented. The infusion was associated with an increase in renal
      sodium excretion which continued during the 24 h after the infusion had been
      discontinued. During the infusion plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone
      and noradrenaline, and packed cell volume (PCV) fell; glomerular filtration rate,
      assessed by endogenous creatinine clearance, increased. The findings are best
      explained by a vasopressin-induced increase in plasma volume, which in the
      absence of fluid retention is likely to have been due to a redistribution of body
      water.

PMID- 6380890
TI  - Enzymatic activity of renin in plasma of normal and uraemic subjects.
AB  - Plasma renin reactivity (PRR) is the rate of angiotensin I production after
      addition of renin to plasma, minus endogenous renin activity. PRR is increased in
      plasma of patients with renal failure compared with that of normal subjects. The
      present study was carried out to determine if increased PRR in uraemic plasma is
      related to differences of endogenous active or inactive renin, endogenous renin
      substrate, or pH of the incubation in vitro. PRR in plasma of ten uraemic
      patients was greater (P less than 0.02) than that in plasma of ten normal
      subjects in incubations carried out at pH 7.4 and 5.7. Increased PRR was not
      accounted for by differences of endogenous active and inactive renin activity.
      After addition of renin, renin concentration (measured by direct
      radioimmunoassay) did not differ in normal and uraemic plasma. Renin substrate
      concentration, measured both indirectly and by direct radioimmunoassay, also did
      not differ in normal and uraemic plasma. Increased PRR in uraemic plasma is not
      related to alterations of renin or renin substrate concentrations. These
      observations are consistent with our earlier hypothesis that there is a
      deficiency of a renin inhibitor in uraemic plasma.

PMID- 6380891
TI  - Antidepressant binding sites in brain.

PMID- 6380892
TI  - The chlorpropamide alcohol flush.

PMID- 6380893
TI  - The basal levels of active and inactive plasma renin concentration in infancy and
      childhood.
AB  - Basal plasma renin activity, active and inactive plasma renin concentration were
      measured in 89 healthy recumbent children aged between 1 week and 16 years. A
      significant (P less than 0.001) age-related decrease for active (r = -0.60),
      inactive (r = -0.59) and total renin concentration (r = -0.66) was observed.
      After correction for the influence of age, active renin concentration correlated
      with plasma renin activity (r = 0.81), but not with inactive renin concentration
      (r = 0.18). The proportions of active and inactive renin were not related to age,
      and the overall percentage of inactive renin was 79%.

PMID- 6380894
TI  - Two different types of inactive renin in human plasma: molecular and kinetic
      properties.
AB  - We separated inactive renin in human plasma into two types, adsorbed and non
      adsorbed, by chromatography on a concanavalin A-Sepharose column. About 75% of
      fresh plasma inactive renin was adsorbed to the column, and the rest passed
      through it. Non-adsorbed and adsorbed inactive renins were partially purified.
      Non-adsorbed inactive renin had a molecular weight of 48000 and an isoelectric
      point of 5.44. Adsorbed inactive renin had a molecular weight of 46000 and
      isoelectric points of 5.56 and 5.80. After activation with trypsin, both
      activated inactive renins were similar with respect to molecular weight (45000),
      thermostability, Km value (0.56 mumol/l) and pH profile. But pI values of both
      activated inactive renins differed. These results indicate that there exist in
      human plasma two different types of inactive renin which differ in carbohydrate
      composition.

PMID- 6380895
TI  - Intracellular pH and electrolytes in human skeletal muscle during adrenaline and
      insulin infusions.
AB  - There is evidence that both beta-adrenergic stimulation and insulin are of
      importance in controlling intracellular pH. Therefore we have investigated the
      influence of intravenous infusion of adrenaline or insulin glucose (euglycaemic
      clamp) on pH and electrolyte composition in resting skeletal muscle (m.
      quadriceps femoris) and arterial blood in six healthy subjects. A decrease in the
      arterial potassium concentration was observed during infusion of adrenaline and
      is in conformity with previous studies. Both adrenaline and insulin infusions
      resulted in an increased lactate content of muscle and blood, indicating an
      enhanced glycolysis. The intracellular concentrations of K+, Na+, Mg2+ and H+,
      however, remained unchanged during the adrenaline infusions as well as during
      infusions of insulin. It is concluded that increasing the plasma adrenaline and
      insulin concentrations to levels well above the physiological range (adrenaline)
      or in the upper physiological range (insulin) does not affect the concentrations
      of electrolytes and hydrogen ions in resting human muscle to any appreciable
      extent.

PMID- 6380896
TI  - Nitrogen mustard in severe rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The value of intravenous bolus therapy was investigated in patients with severe
      active rheumatoid arthritis. Nitrogen mustard was given in 3 intravenous bolus
      injections (0.1 mg/kg body weight) over 3-5 weeks. In a controlled study of 11
      patients the actively treated ones (7 cases) showed greater improvement in all
      the clinical and laboratory variables measured than did the controls (4 cases). A
      prospective evaluation of this treatment in 22 patients over 6-18 months showed
      it had a persistent effect and was associated with clinically significant
      improvements in the assessments of disease activity. We consider bolus therapy
      with intravenous nitrogen mustard to be of value, but its use should be
      restricted to patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis during hospital
      admission, and it should be combined with other therapy.

PMID- 6380897
TI  - Comparison of diclofenac and indomethacin suppositories in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The efficacy and tolerability of 100 mg suppositories of diclofenac sodium
      (Voltaren) and indomethacin were investigated in relieving symptoms of rheumatoid
      arthritis. Thirty patients were included in a double-blind, cross-over study for
      two weeks - six days with diclofenac suppositories, following two days with
      placebo and six days with indomethacin. Diclofenac sodium and indomethacin were
      given in random order. Both treatments improved the status of the disease as
      compared with the situation before the treatment (p less than 0.01). No
      statistically significant difference was found between the efficacy of
      indomethacin and diclofenac sodium, as regards both the doctor's and the
      patient's global assessments. The two treatments were equally well tolerated.

PMID- 6380899
TI  - Double-blind crossover comparison of piroxicam and indomethacin in rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - This 10-week, double-blind, crossover study compared piroxicam (20 mg
      administered once daily) and indomethacin (25 mg administered three times daily)
      in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In the 30 patients evaluated, both drugs
      produced statistically significant improvement after 4 weeks compared to placebo
      in all parameters measured with the exception of joint swelling and 10 m walking
      time. Piroxicam provided greater improvement with respect to the severity of
      pain, joint tenderness and restoration of motion, and was significantly more
      effective than indomethacin in reducing the consumption of paracetamol and in
      improving morning stiffness. Both drugs were equally effective in improving the
      remaining parameters measured. Roughly, two-thirds of the patients considered
      piroxicam to be the more effective agent. With both drugs side effects were mild
      and infrequent.

PMID- 6380900
TI  - Giant cell (temporal) arteritis presenting with syncope.
AB  - Giant cell (temporal) arteritis presenting with syncope due to carotid sinus
      hypersensitivity is described. Although the association of giant cell (temporal)
      arteritis and carotid sinus hypersensitivity is known, there are no previous
      reports of syncope as the presenting feature of giant cell (temporal) arteritis.

PMID- 6380901
TI  - Optothermal measurement of haemoglobin in blood.
AB  - A prototype instrument based on optothermal spectroscopy has been developed for
      determining the haemoglobin content of blood. The optothermal detector is
      described and consists essentially of a thin sapphire disc glued to a
      piezoelectric ring. The optothermal instrument is also described. The results of
      clinical tests using 616 blood samples show excellent agreement with the standard
      cyanmethemoglobin method and a reproducibility of better than +/- 2%.

PMID- 6380898
TI  - Monoclonal antibody investigation in rheumatoid arthritis: presence of a T cell
      subpopulation bearing a double marker.
AB  - Using a double marking technique of peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) from 23
      patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 12 normal healthy subjects
      (NHS), the authors were able to demonstrate that there was no alteration in the
      OKT8 + ve population of RA patients, when compared with NHS. On the contrary, an
      increased percentage of the subpopulation of lymphocytes OKT4 + ve was detected.
      Finally, the presence of a subpopulation of T cells carrying both the receptors
      for monoclonal antibodies OKT4 and OKT8 has been detected.

PMID- 6380902
TI  - Cefsulodin and ceftazidime, two antipseudomonal cephalosporins.
AB  - The microbiologic, pharmacokinetic, and clinical profiles of cefsulodin and
      ceftazidime are reviewed. Ceftazidime is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase stable
      cephalosporin with excellent activity against gram-negative bacilli, including
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cefsulodin is a narrow-spectrum cephalosporin with
      activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Ps. aeruginosa. Both antibiotics,
      which are expected to be marketed in the United States, are superior to currently
      available cephalosporins against Ps. aeruginosa. Cefsulodin and ceftazidime are
      administered by the i.m. or i.v. route, are widely distributed in body fluids and
      tissues, and exhibit relatively low binding to serum proteins. They are
      eliminated primarily through the urine, and they generally can be administered
      every 8 to 12 hours, depending upon the type of infection. Cefsulodin has been
      used successfully in the treatment of various Ps. aeruginosa infections in
      noncomparative studies. Ceftazidime has been successfully used as a single agent
      in comparative studies for Ps. aeruginosa infections. Because of its broad
      spectrum and its activity against penicillin-resistant and aminoglycoside
      resistant Pseudomonas, ceftazidime can be used empirically as a single agent in
      place of combination therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis. Ceftazidime has
      also been useful as a single agent used empirically for treating febrile episodes
      in neutropenic patients and for treating hospital-acquired infections in
      nonneutropenic patients when Pseudomonas cannot be ruled out. Ceftazidime is a
      useful broad-spectrum antibiotic, particularly in the empiric therapy of
      nosocomial infections and in patients whose underlying conditions predispose them
      to Ps. aeruginosa infections. Cefsulodin may prove useful as single-agent therapy
      of certain infections known to be caused by Ps. aeruginosa, but its empiric use
      is not encouraged.

PMID- 6380904
TI  - Insulin is the mediator of feeding-related thermogenesis: insulin resistance
      and/or deficiency results in a thermogenic defect which contributes to the
      pathogenesis of obesity.
AB  - Obesity is characterized by insulin resistance which predisposes to the
      development of impaired glucose tolerance. It is postulated that in addition to
      its role in carbohydrate metabolism, insulin is the mediator of feeding-related
      increases in thermogenesis (the thermic effect of food and dietary-induced
      thermogenesis). The development of insulin resistance and/or deficiency is
      postulated to result in a decrease in feeding-related, insulin-mediated
      thermogenesis. As a consequence of this thermogenic defect there is an increase
      in efficiency of weight gain which accelerates the development and facilitates
      the maintenance of the obese state. Abnormalities in the insulin axis are thus
      not only involved in the pathogenesis of the carbohydrate intolerance of obesity
      but are also proposed as having a central role in a dysregulation of energy
      balance which contributes to the pathogenesis of obesity.

PMID- 6380903
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and antibacterial activity of two gentamicin products given
      intramuscularly.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and antibacterial activity of two injectable gentamicin
      products given i.m. were compared. Ten healthy men randomly received either
      Schering or Invenex gentamicin 1 mg/kg (as the sulfate salt) by intramuscular
      injection into the deltoid muscle. Four to six weeks later, subjects received the
      alternate preparation at the same dose in the opposite arm. Blood samples for
      gentamicin concentrations were obtained before drug administration and at various
      times for up to four hours after drug administration; urine from each subject was
      also collected before and after drug administration. Values for area under the
      curve, elimination rate constant, peak serum gentamicin concentration and time to
      peak concentration, clearance, half-life, and percentage of drug excreted in the
      urine over four hours were compared for each preparation in each subject. The
      serum inhibitory and bactericidal activities of each gentamicin preparation
      against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were also evaluated. None of
      the pharmacokinetic values for the two preparations was significantly different.
      The inhibitory and bactericidal activities resulting from each product were also
      comparable and adequate. No clinically important differences in pharmacokinetic
      behavior or inhibitory or bactericidal activity were found between gentamicin
      products of Schering and Invenex.

PMID- 6380906
TI  - Structural study of oxidation zones on the gold alloys for porcelain bonding
      containing small amounts of In and Fe.

PMID- 6380905
TI  - Walking capacity of patients with intermittent claudication during chronic
      antihypertensive treatment with metoprolol and methyldopa.
AB  - In a placebo-controlled double-blind crossover trial, the effect of a 3-week
      course of treatment with metoprolol (100-200 mg daily) and methyldopa (500-1000
      mg daily) on walking capacity on a treadmill with increasing work load was
      studied in 14 hypertensive patients with intermittent claudication. The walking
      capacity was not affected by the antihypertensive treatment.

PMID- 6380907
TI  - Application of functional monomers for dental use (part-8). Adhesion of alkylene
      glycol monomethacrylates to etched enamel and dentin surfaces.

PMID- 6380908
TI  - Study on antibacterial root canal sealer containing chlorhexidine
      dihydrochloride. I. Influence of components of a base sealer on its properties.

PMID- 6380909
TI  - Radiographic observation of the internal porosities in castings of high fusible
      base alloy.

PMID- 6380910
TI  - Noncollagenous cartilage proteins current status of an emerging research field.

PMID- 6380911
TI  - The measurement of social class.

PMID- 6380912
TI  - Effects of carnosine and anserine on muscle and non-muscle phosphorylases.
AB  - Rabbit muscle phosphorylases a and b are activated by carnosine, whereas potato
      and yeast phosphorylases are inhibited at the same concentration of dipeptide.
      Rabbit muscle phosphorylase a is activated by anserine whereas the b form enzyme
      and the potato and yeast enzymes are inhibited by the dipeptide. The dipeptides
      affect the Vmax values for the enzymes rather than the substrate Km values.
      Kinetic analysis suggested that, for rabbit muscle phosphorylase, both dipeptides
      compete for occupancy of the same binding site(s) on the enzyme.

PMID- 6380913
TI  - Relation between haemoglobin degradation and maturity of the red blood cell
      infected by P. berghei.
AB  - The action on haemoglobin of P. berghei growing in mature red cells, P. berghei
      growing in reticulocytes and P. berghei R.C. (which grows almost exclusively in
      reticulocytes) was compared. P. berghei growing in reticulocytes had a much
      higher level of proteolytic activity on haemoglobin than that of P. berghei
      growing in mature red cells. The amount of residual hematin was considerably
      reduced. In P. berghei R.C. and P. berghei growing in reticulocytes, the pigment
      seems to be exocyted as it is forming. The mechanism of haemoglobin degradation
      seemed therefore to be linked to the nature of the host red cell.

PMID- 6380914
TI  - Diagnostic problem solving by computer: a historical review and the current state
      of the science.
AB  - The current scientific interest in medical diagnostic problem solving originates
      in human judgment research among psychologists, statisticians, computer
      scientists, and physicians. The present state of this research is described and
      traced to its beginnings in the 1950s. Although the pivotal importance of the
      computer is emphasized, its impact on medical information management is
      recognized as not having been as great as in some other spheres of intelligent
      reasoning. But its future important role in medical diagnostic problem solving is
      optimistically anticipated.

PMID- 6380915
TI  - A computer based system for collection, storage, retrieval and reporting
      accession information in a veterinary medical diagnostic laboratory.
AB  - Substantial data collected from large numbers of accessions, the need for
      comprehensive reporting of negative as well as positive laboratory findings, and
      the necessity for obtaining rapid diagnostic correlations prompted the
      development of a computer based system of accession data management for
      collection, storage, rapid retrieval, reporting, concording, and administrative
      compiling in a state-university Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory.

PMID- 6380916
TI  - [Introductory notes on lying-in institutions].

PMID- 6380917
TI  - [Florence Nightingale's expectations on modern nursing--thoughts on nursing
      science].

PMID- 6380918
TI  - The edentulous patient: the patient's perspective.

PMID- 6380919
TI  - Overview of research and literature on denture adhesives.

PMID- 6380920
TI  - Analysis of soluble and insoluble denture adhesives and their relationship to
      tissue irritation and bone resorption.

PMID- 6380921
TI  - Bite force as a measure of denture adhesive efficacy.

PMID- 6380923
TI  - Future research needs.

PMID- 6380922
TI  - Denture stabilization with adhesives: a kinesiographic study.

PMID- 6380924
TI  - New developments in dental bonding and esthetic dentistry.

PMID- 6380925
TI  - Using reversible hydrocolloid impression materials.

PMID- 6380926
TI  - Tetracyclines and the human dentition.

PMID- 6380927
TI  - Selection criteria for pit and fissure sealant in a private practice.

PMID- 6380928
TI  - Furcation invasions: correlating a classification system with therapeutic
      considerations. Part II. Periodontal and restorative considerations in furcation
      management.

PMID- 6380930
TI  - An historical overview of American dentistry.

PMID- 6380929
TI  - Periodontal prosthesis: twenty-five years in retrospect. Part V. Final treatment
      plan.

PMID- 6380932
TI  - Development of high-frequency ventilation techniques.

PMID- 6380931
TI  - Nonoxidative antimicrobial reactions of leukocytes.
AB  - Increasingly abundant evidence supports the hypothesis that PMNs and perhaps
      alveolar macrophages have antimicrobial mechanisms independent of the presences
      of molecular oxygen for effective action against an array of bacteria and against
      some fungi. Eosinophils have mechanisms toxic for schistosomula and Trichinella
      larvae. In all instances the antimicrobial substances isolated have been cationic
      proteins and, in PMNs, associated with the azurophil cytoplasmic granules of the
      PMNs. Several of these substances have thus far demonstrated no enzymic function.
      Two of these substances are serine proteases but in one, chymotrypsin-like
      protein, the antimicrobial action depends on the cationic properties of the
      protein and is independent of the proteolytic action of the substance. In most
      instances, these proteins are cationic due to relatively large proportions of
      arginine. In two instances, a large proportion of lysine is present. All have
      high proportions (about 50%) of hydrophobic amino acid. Such proteins occur in
      the PMNs of man, rabbit, guinea pig, rat, cow, and chicken. The present view is
      that they are most active against gram-negative bacteria. At least two of them-37
      kd and 57-kd proteins (Shafer and Spitznagel, 1983)-act on S. typhimurium in a
      manner analogous to that of polymyxin B through binding to lipid A. Currently
      available results shows that anaerobic PMNs have substantial antimicrobial
      capacity. Whether this capacity is due to the O2-independent mechanisms discussed
      in this chapter remains to be established with greater certainty.

PMID- 6380933
TI  - Pneumatic-to-electrical analog for high-frequency jet ventilation of disrupted
      airways.
AB  - A pneumatic-to-electrical circuit analog is used to describe 2 separate
      mechanisms by which high-frequency jet ventilators sustain ventilation and
      oxygenation in the presence of large airway disruptions. The frequency-dependent
      mechanism is based on variations in the pneumatic equivalent to capacitive
      reactance. The pressure-dependent mechanism models lung defects on a voltage
      controlled resistor. The electrical circuit model is also used to explain the
      factors leading to gas trapping and inadvertent positive end-expiratory pressure
      during high-frequency jet ventilation.

PMID- 6380934
TI  - Influence of high-frequency pulses on alveolar gas exchange.
AB  - A high-frequency (HF) unit which can be used in combination with a volume-cycled
      ventilator was tested in an oxygen-consuming lung model. Alveolar O2 and CO2
      concentrations were not related to superimposed HF pulsations. With constant
      alveolar ventilation each basal frequency resulted in identical alveolar
      fractions of O2 and CO2. Addition of HF pulsations did not change the volume of
      CO2 or O2 exchanged between alveolar and dead-space compartments. Superimposed HF
      pulsations may affect gas exchange, but the verification of this hypothesis
      requires further studies.

PMID- 6380935
TI  - Beat frequencies in high-frequency positive-pressure ventilation.
AB  - Amplitude modulation of the waveforms of several cardiovascular variables was
      investigated during high-frequency (1.3 to 3.3 Hz) positive-pressure ventilation
      (HFPPV). The amplitude modulation of the pulmonary artery pressure wave was most
      prominent and its beat frequency (BF) was equal to the difference between the
      heart rate and the ventilation rate. Spectral analysis of the pulmonary artery
      pressure demonstrated well-defined peaks associated with the BF. No significant
      physiologic changes in either cardiovascular or pulmonary function were
      attributable to the presence of the beat phenomenon.

PMID- 6380936
TI  - Experimental evaluation of high-frequency jet ventilation.
AB  - The consensus of available studies indicates that high-frequency jet ventilation
      (HFJV) can adequately ventilate animals in respiratory failure, although a clear
      superiority to volume-cycled ventilation (VCV) cannot be established. HFJV is
      probably useful in the presence of airway disruption and in tracheal or pulmonary
      surgery. Clinical trials and additional bench and animal studies must be
      performed, to reach a full understanding of the potential benefits of this
      technique.

PMID- 6380937
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of continuous positive-pressure ventilation and high
      frequency jet ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure in normal dogs.
AB  - The hemodynamic effects of high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) at 60, 120, 240,
      and 480 breath/min, and conventional ventilation at 15 breath/min were compared
      in 6 anesthetized, paralyzed dogs, at 0, 10, and 20 cm H2O of positive end
      expiratory pressure (PEEP). On HFJV at the same inspired oxygen, PaCO2, and PEEP
      levels, hemodynamic function improved significantly. Cardiac output was higher,
      whereas transmural CVP and pulmonary vascular resistances were lower. The
      improvement was primarily related to a decrease in mean airway pressure,
      particularly at higher PEEP levels. When PEEP was applied, hemodynamic function
      improved even when mean airway pressure was maintained constant. The findings
      suggest that lung volume was smaller during HFJV, and/or that lung volume changes
      during each respiratory cycle contributed to differences in venous return and
      ventricular function.

PMID- 6380938
TI  - Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on lung mechanics during high
      frequency jet ventilation.
AB  - Six mongrel dogs were studied in a body plethysmograph to ascertain the effects
      of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during high-frequency jet
      ventilation (HFJV), using an open system allowing gas entrainment. Increases in
      CPAP significantly reduced tidal volume. Increases in HFJV and inspiratory
      fraction caused progressively larger increases in functional residual capacity
      (FRC). Higher levels of CPAP dramatically reduced HFJV's effect on FRC, but lower
      levels of CPAP augmented this effect. At constant CPAP, tidal volume correlated
      well with the difference between peak airway pressure and CPAP, while the FRC
      change was correlated with the difference between end-expiratory pressure and
      CPAP. The relationship between end-expiratory airway pressure and total change in
      FRC was predictable from lung compliance at all levels of CPAP.

PMID- 6380939
TI  - High-frequency ventilation compared to conventional positive-pressure ventilation
      in the treatment of hyaline membrane disease in primates.
AB  - High-frequency ventilation (HFV) has been suggested as an alternative to
      conventional positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) in the treatment of infants with
      hyaline membrane disease (HMD). Using a previously validated primate model of
      HMD, 15 baboon fetuses were delivered at 75% of gestation and randomly assigned
      to 1 of 3 ventilator treatment groups: PPV, HFV delivered by an oscillator (HFO),
      or HFV delivered by a flow interrupter (HFFI). All animals had clinical and
      radiographic evidence of HMD. At 96 h of life, all animals were sacrificed and
      clinical and pathologic findings were analyzed. During the first 10 h of the
      experiment, the HFO animals required higher mean proximal airway pressures than
      either the HFFI or PPV groups. However, both the HFFI and HFO animals had higher
      PaO2/PAO2 ratios than the PPV controls, suggesting earlier saccular recruitment.
      Thus, HFV is as effective as PPV in the treatment of HMD in baboons. Whether it
      will decrease the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia is not known.

PMID- 6380940
TI  - High-frequency jet ventilation in the postoperative period: a review of 100
      patients.
AB  - One hundred patients were ventilated with high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV)
      during the initial 24-h postoperative period in the surgical and neurosurgical
      ICUs. Eighty-three were successfully weaned, 2 could not be ventilated adequately
      with HFJV, and 15 with criteria of acute respiratory failure received HFJV for up
      to 21 days. A HFJV delivery system consisted of jetting and entrainment systems,
      both with their own humidification designs. An initial mode of HFJV using 35 psi,
      jet rate 100 cycle/min and inspiratory time 30% provided a mean PaCO2 of 34 torr
      in 38 patients studied. A comparison of HFJV without and with a positive end
      expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 10 cm H2O indicated a decrease in mean Qsp/Qt from
      17% to 13% with decrease in cardiac index (CI) from 3.39 to 2.81 L/min X m2; this
      effect is similar to PEEP applied to a conventional ventilator. Weaning proved to
      be simple and comfortable for the patient. In the light of our experience, we
      believe that HFJV is both feasible and practical for the postoperative patient
      and should be introduced into routine clinical use.

PMID- 6380941
TI  - High-frequency jet ventilation versus intermittent positive-pressure ventilation.
AB  - Airway pressures and cardiorespiratory variables were compared for conventional
      ventilation (CV) and high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV), at a similar fraction
      of inspired O2 (FIO2), positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and PaCO2 in 11
      ICU patients. For CV and HFJV, respectively, peak (PAP) and mean airway pressures
      (Paw) were 15.4 and 9.1 mm Hg and 4.4 and 5 mm Hg. Cardiac index (CI) was 2.54
      and 2.60 L/min X m2, total systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) 2846 and
      2923 dyne X sec/cm5 X m2, PaO2 207 and 149 torr, and Qsp/Qt 7% and 11%. HFJV
      decreased significantly PAP and was less likely to produce pulmonary barotrauma.
      Cardiac indices were not different, indicating that this variable may be affected
      by Paw. HFJV neither increased nor decreased CI at similar PEEP and PaCO2 as
      compared to CV. The decrease in PaO2 and increase in Qsp/Qt may be due to small
      inspired gas volumes potentiating microatelectasis. On the basis of this study,
      we recommend initiating HFJV at FIO2 of 0.9 and PEEP of 5 cm H2O, and monitoring
      both PAP and Paw.

PMID- 6380942
TI  - High-frequency positive-pressure ventilation in neonates.
AB  - Twenty-five newborn infants with severe respiratory failure responding poorly to
      conventional mechanical ventilation were switched to high-frequency positive
      pressure ventilation (HFPPV) at 90 to 180 cycle/min (mean 158), an estimated
      tidal volume less than or equal to 3 ml/kg body weight, an inspiratory time of
      0.1 sec, and a PEEP of 3 to 17 cm H2O. In all infants, HFPPV increased PaO2 (mean
      66 torr) and decreased PaCO2 (mean 14 torr) within 1 h. Fourteen hours after
      onset of treatment, the FIO2 requirement had decreased from 1.0 to 0.6 in all
      infants. Mean airway pressure (Paw) with HFPPV was usually less than or equal to
      Paw during conventional ventilation. In spite of the often high level of PEEP
      used, pneumothorax occurred in only 2 infants and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in
      1. Eighteen (72%) infants survived and none died of respiratory failure. The use
      of HFPPV might be beneficial in neonates with severe respiratory failure that
      responds poorly to conventional therapy.

PMID- 6380943
TI  - Peroral endoscopies using intravenous anesthesia and high-frequency ventilation.
AB  - Peroral endoscopies and elective or emergency surgery must often be performed in
      the airway of patients in poor physical condition. This retrospective review of
      600 patients undergoing various surgical procedures found that 194 were ASA
      physical status groups III or IV, with various abnormalities affecting the
      cardiorespiratory or central and peripheral nervous systems. These patients
      received iv anesthesia using short-acting drugs, to guarantee rapid postoperative
      recovery. All were intraoperatively ventilated with either high-frequency
      positive-pressure ventilation or high-frequency jet ventilation. Both techniques
      proved effective, even in patients with upper airway obstruction. In combination
      with CO2 laser removal of tumors of the glottic region, high-frequency
      ventilation may prevent the need for emergency tracheotomies.

PMID- 6380944
TI  - Clinical factors influencing the selection of high-frequency jet ventilators.
AB  - Criteria for selection of high-frequency ventilators, and in particular high
      frequency jet ventilators are not significantly different from those for
      conventional mechanical ventilators. Selection is based upon the design
      principles and performance characteristics of the ventilator and successful
      clinical applications that establish clearly its safety and efficacy. The final
      choice is also influenced by the physical status of the patient, potential
      physiologic advantages and disadvantages, the necessary requirements of the
      clinical situation, and the capability of providing adequate oxygenation and
      ventilation.

PMID- 6380945
TI  - Limits and cautions with the use of high-frequency ventilation.

PMID- 6380946
TI  - Radiologic evaluation of the carotid arteries.
AB  - In recent years the radiologist has been faced with a host of new imaging
      modalities which provide structural as well as physiologic information about the
      carotid arteries. Although conventional intra-arterial angiography is considered
      the standard of comparison for precise anatomic definition of the cervical and
      intracranial carotid arteries, it is being replaced in many instances by other
      techniques. CT scanning may provide valuable information regarding the
      relationship of the carotid arteries to soft tissue structures in the neck, and
      dynamic CT scanning has been used to measure cerebral blood flow. Other
      noninvasive techniques, such as B-mode scanning and Doppler imaging and spectral
      analysis, can provide accurate information about carotid stenoses and occlusions,
      although mostly limited to the region of the common carotid bifurcation. The
      recent development of digital subtraction intravenous angiography provides a
      revolutionary new and safe way to evaluate the entire carotid arteries, from
      their origins to their intracranial branches. The advantages and disadvantages,
      as well as the current roles of these modalities in the radiologic evaluation of
      the carotid arteries, will be discussed.

PMID- 6380947
TI  - Carpometacarpal dislocations.
AB  - Dislocations at the carpometacarpal joints are uncommon and can be overlooked due
      to the subtle nature of the radiographic findings. The diagnosis requires a
      proper understanding of the normal radiographic anatomy of the carpometacarpal
      joints. To aid in our understanding of the injury, anatomic dissections of the
      hand were performed. From these, we drew several conclusions about the mechanism
      of injury. Diagnostic criteria were then developed and applied in the review of a
      series of CMC dislocations. The incidence and diagnostic characteristics are
      presented. A systematic approach emphasizing the posteroanterior view and
      utilization of the parallel "M", principles of parallelism, symmetry, overlapping
      articular surfaces, and a distinct cortical rim are presented.

PMID- 6380948
TI  - Cranial sonography: anatomic and pathological correlation.
AB  - Through the acoustic window of the anterior fontanelle, coronal and parasagittal
      sonograms of the infant and premature neonate are easily obtained. Supplementary
      axial images are obtained through the lateral skull vault. The normal anatomy of
      axial, coronal, and sagittal sonograms will be demonstrated by correlating normal
      infant brain images with cadaver brain slices at similar levels. The relevant
      anatomical structures will be identified and labeled. Pathological entities,
      i.e., intracerebral hemorrhage, brain tumors, arteriovenous malformations,
      hydrocephalus, and congenital malformation syndromes will be included. Neonatal
      ultrasound is an inexpensive, innocuous, and noninvasive technique for examining
      the brain of the newborn infant. It does not require sedation and can be
      performed either within the radiology department or in the newborn intensive care
      unit.

PMID- 6380949
TI  - Studies on cellular structure and ice location in frozen organs and tissues: the
      use of freeze-substitution and related techniques.
AB  - Recent studies have led to the conclusion that extracellular ice per se can
      damage whole organs and tissues. Thus information on the amount and distribution
      of ice is an important factor in the design of cooling regimens that avoid
      intracellular ice formation and attempt to localize the ice formed in areas of
      the tissue where its disruptive effects can be minimized. Furthermore,
      ultrastructural studies at subfreezing temperatures can enhance the
      interpretation of information gained from morphological and function studies
      conducted before cooling and after rewarming. Although many techniques exist for
      observing and recording structure in the frozen state, not all are applicable to
      tissues or organs. Freeze-substitution and isothermal freeze-fixation provide two
      flexible techniques to explore the frozen state. Isothermal freeze-fixation is
      most suitable for studies close to the melting point, while freeze-substitution
      can be used at lower temperatures, extending as far as -120 degrees C. A careful
      choice of technique can provide an accurate assessment of the amount and
      distribution of the ice phase and the structure of the tissue matrix.

PMID- 6380950
TI  - Citrus fruits. Part II. Chemistry, technology, and quality evaluation. B.
      Technology.
AB  - In Part II of this review on citrus fruits, the literature on chemistry,
      technology, and quality evaluation are critically considered. Sweet oranges,
      mandarin, grapefruit, lemon, and lime are generally used for processing. The
      literature on chemical components of citrus fruit which include sugars,
      polysaccharides, organic acids, nitrogenous constituents and lipids; carotenoids
      which contribute to color; vitamins and minerals and flavonoids; limonoids, some
      of which impart bitterness to the juice; and the volatile components which
      contribute to aroma were reviewed in section A. Chilled and pasteurized juices,
      juice concentrates, and beverages are the important products manufactured
      commercially, and to a limited extent powdered citrus juices, canned segments,
      and marmalades. The literature on the manufacture of these products also as new
      types of juice and oil extractors; TASTE and other types of evaporators; tank
      farms to store juice and concentrate in bulk; aseptic filling in bulk containers
      and retail packs; alternate flexible and rigid containers other than glass and
      tin; and recovery of volatile flavoring constituents during juice processing are
      some of the important technological developments in the recent past and have been
      discussed in this section. Bitterness in citrus juices and its control,
      composition of cloud, and its stability and changes during storage have been
      reviewed. Essential oils, pectin, frozen and dried juice sacs, dried pulp and
      molasses, flavonoids, seed oil, and meal are the important byproducts, the
      manufacture of which is given in essential details. Generally, consumers judge
      the product on the basis of its sensory attributes. The quality of finished
      product is dependent upon the raw materials used and control of processes. In
      section C, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) standards for different
      products, physicochemical and microbiological parameters prescribed as indices of
      quality of fruit, juice, concentrate, and other products; composition of
      essential oils; and aroma concentrates are discussed in relation to sensory
      quality. Analytical methods for compounds affecting quality, and methods for
      detection of adulteration in different citrus products are briefly reviewed. The
      importance of sensorily evaluating quality of citrus products to select and
      develop quality control indices is emphasized. Areas where further research are
      required are indicated. A comprehensive bibliography is provided to aid further
      study and research.

PMID- 6380951
TI  - The microbiology of apples and apple products.
AB  - The apple industry has reached an annual production level of 8.5 billion pounds.
      CA storage of 25% of this crop has enabled a fresh market on a year-round basis.
      To achieve high quality in raw fruit and processed apple products, careful
      attention must be paid to maintaining a microbiologically stable environment. The
      ecology of the microflora associated with the apple is a reflection of the
      orchard, handling, harvesting, and storage practices. Yeasts predominate on
      orchard fruit, molds may become a storage problem, and bacteria cause spoilage,
      off flavors, and loss of quality in juice products. Despite the microbial
      problems inherent in producing of quality product, the apple industry is faced
      with the occurrence of patulin. Patulin, a mycotoxin produced by Penicillium and
      Aspergillus species, has been associated with damaged fruit. Decreased
      temperatures, coupled with CA storage; can deter mold growth and patulin
      production. Laboratory detection methods for derivations of patulin are able to
      detect microgram quantities. Means to eliminate patulin formed in apple products
      include addition of ascorbate and SO2, extending fermentation, or charcoal
      filtering. However, degradation products of patulin have not been evaluated
      toxicologically.

PMID- 6380952
TI  - Nutritional quality of meals served by selected foodservices.
AB  - A review of the nutritional quality of foods served by selected types of
      foodservices reveals the lack of information in this area. The foodservice
      industry is growing rapidly with new technological innovations and management
      practices. However, little effort has been made toward the nutrient quality of
      foods served by important foodservice operations. Foodservice operations are
      discussed from the institutional and commercial point of view. Under the
      institutional type, foodservices in nursing homes, hospitals, schools, colleges,
      and universities are discussed. Fast foodservices are primarily focused under
      commercial type of foodservices. Other discussions are based on nutrient contents
      of foods prepared in quantities. Lack of data pertaining to nutrient content of
      foods served by foodservice operations is evident.

PMID- 6380953
TI  - Instrumental determination of flavor stability of fatty foods and its correlation
      with sensory flavor responses.
AB  - The evaluation of flavor and the flavor stability of vegetable oils and products
      made from them has evolved from the purely subjective to the objective through
      the use of instrumental measurement techniques. An attempt has been made in this
      report to catalogue this evolution and put in perspective the advantages and
      limitations of both the sensory and the instrumental techniques. Multi-laboratory
      collaborative studies have shown the viability of the instrumental approach and
      the utility of a number of methods for research and quality control. While the
      benchmark of consumer acceptance remains anchored in the subjective sensory
      responses, the instrumental objective methods are beginning to replace these for
      application to product and process evaluation. They have also provided insight
      into the identity of the flavor bearing components and their changes with time
      and temperature abuse. Recent utilization of mass spectrometry for analysis of
      the flavor components from vegetable oil containing products has provided greater
      assurance of the validity of the instrumental approaches.

PMID- 6380954
TI  - Chemical and physical modification of proteins by the hydroxide ion.
AB  - Proteins are exposed to alkaline conditions during solubilization and/or
      purification, during food storage and processing, in removal of toxic
      constituents, and for characterization. During alkali treatment, there are
      changes in solubility and aggregation, hydrolysis, elimination reactions
      involving the side chains of certain amino acids, racemization of amino acid
      residues, addition of compounds to proteins, fragmentation of the peptide chain,
      as well as modification or elimination of nonprotein constituents. The rates of
      these reactions are affected by pH, temperature, cations (in some cases), ionic
      strength (in some cases), protein concentration, and to some extent by the
      specific nature of the protein. The general mechanisms and stoichiometry of these
      reactions are described. Other constituents of high protein foods also undergo
      reactions in alkaline solutions and the products of these reactions may in turn
      react with proteins. We have described the effect of alkali on enediol formation
      and fragmentation of carbohydrates, the hydrolysis of lipids in alkaline solution
      and effect on rate of peroxidation of the polyunsaturated fatty acids, the
      oxidation of amino acid residues, especially methionine, the oxidation of phenols
      to benzoquinones, and the catalytic effect of metal ions in alkaline solutions.
      Alkali treatment is also used in the specific modification of proteins to
      distinguish between O-glycosyl and amide-linked glycosyl groups, to effect
      specific cleavage of peptide bonds via beta elimination, in the formation of
      anhydrotrypsin, anhydrochymotrypsin, anhydrosubtilisin and thiol-subtilisin, and
      in formation of intrachain crosslinking in proteins.

PMID- 6380955
TI  - Buckwheat: structure, composition, and utilization.
AB  - This is a review of production and cultivation methods of the accepted types and
      varieties of buckwheat. A brief description of seed characteristics and structure
      is followed by a detailed review of seed composition (carbohydrates, proteins,
      enzymes, lipids, and miscellaneous compounds) in mature and maturing buckwheat. A
      major part of the review deals with buckwheat uses as food, feed, honey, and
      rutin. Mechanical processing, thermal treatment, specific food uses, standard
      specifications, and changes during storage are covered. The review ends with a
      projection into the future and research needs.

PMID- 6380956
TI  - Food irradiation: the evaluation of commercialization opportunities.
AB  - Successful commercial radiation applications are analyzed, and an evaluation is
      made of those factors present in each which led to its success. Common "success
      elements" were identified. Several potential food irradiation applications were
      then examined from that viewpoint, and some applications could be identified
      which appeared to contain those favorable elements or characteristics which could
      lead to successful early commercialization. Reasonable FDA clearance requirements
      are assumed.

PMID- 6380957
TI  - Single-cell protein: current status and future prospects.
AB  - The consumption of microorganisms by man and animals is not a revolutionary new
      idea. For thousands of years man has consumed, either intentionally or
      unintentionally, such products as alcoholic beverages, cheeses, yogurt, and soya
      sauce and, along with these products, the microbial biomass responsible for their
      production. The rapid growth rate and high protein content of microbes and their
      ability to utilize inexpensive feedstocks as sources of carbon and energy for
      growth have made microorganisms prime candidates for use as human food and animal
      feed protein supplements. Yet, in spite of their promise, only a limited number
      of commercial-scale, single-cell protein (SCP) processes have been seen.
      Recently, with the advent of recombinant DNA technology a rebirth of interest in
      SCP has resulted. This review analyzes the answers to two questions: (1) how far
      have we come?; and (2) what impact, if any, will the new biotechnologies have in
      this field?

PMID- 6380958
TI  - Dry beans of Phaseolus. A review. Part 1. Chemical composition: proteins.

PMID- 6380961
TI  - Modulation of the incidence of murine leukemia and lymphoma.

PMID- 6380959
TI  - Starch digestibility of foods: a nutritional perspective.
AB  - Dietary starch varies greatly in digestibility and its effects on the utilization
      of other nutrients. The variation appears to be due to differences in starch
      components and their crystallinity. Processing treatments, storage conditions,
      chemical modification, and genetic breeding influence the digestibility of
      starch. Cereal starches are generally more digestible than root/tuber and legume
      starches. Although cooking often significantly improves the digestibility of poor
      and intermediately digestible starches, some foods such as bananas with starches
      of these types are consumed uncooked. The efficient digestion of starch is
      especially important to specific groups of people such as infants under 6 months
      of age. Ruminants must also be provided with highly digestible starch to assure
      maximum production efficiency. Poor digestibility of starch may have negative
      effects on the utilization of protein and minerals but is likely to have positive
      effects on the availability of certain vitamins. Decreases in the rate of starch
      digestion may have therapeutic application. Most clinical studies have reported
      that starch blockers do not elicit a significant decrease in the digestion of
      starch in humans. Much remains to be learned, clarified, and understood about
      starch digestion and its effects on diabetes and weight control.

PMID- 6380960
TI  - Tumors of the mouse hematopoietic system: their diagnosis and interpretation in
      safety evaluation tests. Report of a study group.
AB  - A nomenclature for tumors of the mouse hematopoietic system is proposed. This
      nomenclature, which will be particularly appropriate for use in safety assessment
      studies, employs basic cytologic terminology, and subclassifications may take
      into consideration tissue sites and the presence or absence of leukemia. Analysis
      of tumor incidence in any given study can take into account the consolidation or
      separation of various tumor types as pathological and biological judgment
      indicates. The proposed system should be easily understood by pathologists and
      can be related to other species. Safety assessments of substances that induce
      tumors of the murine hematopoietic tumors are complicated by difficulty in
      diagnosis, by the possible involvement of oncogenic viruses, and by other factors
      such as genetics, immune status, endocrine status, and diet. These various
      influences are evaluated in respect to interpretation of safety evaluation data.

PMID- 6380962
TI  - Current knowledge of mechanisms of viral carcinogenesis.
AB  - Retroviruses are RNA-containing viruses using reverse transcriptase to produce
      DNA copies capable of insertion into host chromosomes. Appropriate genes are
      required to confer transforming ability to retroviruses. The src gene, a 60,000
      dalton protein with protein kinase activity, is required by avian viruses to
      induce sarcomas. Normal cells have a gene (sarc) similar to the src gene.
      Retroviruses with oncogenic properties can arise by recombining with genes on the
      host chromosome. Herpesviruses, adenoviruses, and papovaviruses have transforming
      properties residing in only a portion of the genome. Probably, only one to two
      genes are required for transformation, regardless of the complexity of the virus.

PMID- 6380964
TI  - Unusual immunofluorescent pattern in leishmaniasis (oriental sore).
AB  - Skin lesions of acute cutaneous leishmaniasis were found in three healthy men. A
      smear for Leishman-Donovan (LD) bodies as well as histopathologic studies of the
      lesions confirmed the diagnosis. Direct immunofluorescent studies of the lesions
      revealed deposits of immunoglobulins and complement in dermoepidermal junctions
      and fibrinogen in dermal blood vessels.

PMID- 6380963
TI  - Chemically induced nephrotoxicity: role of metabolic activation.
AB  - Renal xenobiotic metabolism can result in production of electrophiles or free
      radicals that may covalently bind macromolecules or initiate lipid peroxidation.
      The mechanisms of renal xenobiotic metabolism may vary in different anatomical
      regions. Kidney cortex contains a cytochrome P-450 system while medulla contains
      a prostaglandin endoperoxidase. Recently cysteine conjugated-lyase has been
      implicated in production of reactive intermediates. Metabolic activation may be
      amplified by accumulation of xenobiotics within renal cells due to tubular
      concentrating and/or secretory mechanisms. Additionally, renal xenobiotic
      detoxicification can occur by conjugation with glucuronide, sulfate or
      glutathione.

PMID- 6380965
TI  - Plasmalemmasomes and lomasomes in Candida albicans.
AB  - Candida albicans possesses plasmalemmasomes and lomasomes whose origin, structure
      and distribution are described. It is suggested that plasmalemmasomes become
      lomasomes during cell wall synthesis. The endoplasmic reticulum and lomasomes may
      be regarded as the functional equivalent to the Golgi apparatus in C. albicans
      and this view is discussed.

PMID- 6380966
TI  - [Cases of dental diseases treated in the Department of Surgery at the Jagellonian
      University 1924-1939].

PMID- 6380968
TI  - [Vibration exposure of dentists and dental technicians].

PMID- 6380967
TI  - [A case of polyvalent allergy to materials used in dentistry].

PMID- 6380969
TI  - [Gypsum molds for wax casts of 4 types of standard vestibular plates --making
      standardized plates].

PMID- 6380970
TI  - [External carotid artery ligation and bone transplantation in a case of
      mandibular fracture].

PMID- 6380972
TI  - [The masticatory mechanism in "Primitiae Physico-Medicae..." (1750-1753), the
      first Polish medical journal].

PMID- 6380971
TI  - [Plaster molds for wax casts. 4 types of standard vestibular plates. Proper
      molds].

PMID- 6380973
TI  - IPPB in COPD.

PMID- 6380975
TI  - Calcium and calcium antagonists in airway disease. A review.

PMID- 6380974
TI  - Bitolterol compared to isoproterenol in advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease.
AB  - Twenty-eight patients with advanced emphysema and/or chronic bronchitis and
      severe airflow obstruction were randomly assigned to receive either bitolterol or
      isoproterenol aerosol delivered by a metered dose device which was administered
      three times daily. Randomization resulted in similar patients with like degrees
      of airflow obstruction and responsiveness to a test dose of inhaled
      bronchodilator. Significantly greater improvement in airflow was achieved by
      administration of bitolterol compared to isoproterenol. Pharmacologic responses
      continued after 90 days of daily dosing. Both drugs were well tolerated and side
      effects included mild degrees of tachycardia for both drugs. Two patients
      assigned to isoproterenol stopped therapy during the study due to side effects.
      This study indicates that bitolterol is more effective than isoproterenol in
      degree and duration of bronchodilatation in patients with advanced chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease.

PMID- 6380976
TI  - IMV-induced positive airway pressure.

PMID- 6380978
TI  - The world according to Dr. Seuss.

PMID- 6380977
TI  - Pregnancy and tuberculosis.
AB  - There is no solid evidence that pregnancy has an adverse effect on tuberculosis.
      With early diagnosis and prompt, adequate chemotherapy, the outcome of pregnancy
      in a woman with tuberculosis is likely to be good. Routine therapeutic abortion
      is not indicated. Data in the literature do not support the notion that pregnancy
      is a major risk factor for the development of tuberculosis, although no well
      designed studies have been conducted. Screening of pregnant patients for
      tuberculosis should be based on consideration of other proved risk factors not on
      the fact of pregnancy. Preventive therapy should be given during the second and
      third trimesters of pregnancy to selected patients at high risk of progressive
      disease developing. Treatment of disease should be instituted promptly when
      disease is detected. The preferred regimens are INH-EMB, INH-RIF, or INH-EMB-RIF,
      although other drugs may be needed if the disease is recurrent or if there is
      resistance to these primary drugs. Mothers taking antituberculosis drugs can
      nurse their infants with little risk. With proper medical management, both
      tuberculosis and pregnancy can be expected to reach a happy conclusion in
      virtually all cases.

PMID- 6380979
TI  - [Treatment of oroantral fistulae using the surgical osteoplasty method].

PMID- 6380980
TI  - [Primary retroperitoneal tumors: diagnosis--therapy--prognosis].

PMID- 6380982
TI  - [Intragastric pH increase using antacids or secretin for stress ulcer prevention
      in surgical risk patients].
AB  - The efficacy of an antacid or synthetic secretion on elevations in intragastral
      pH above 4 was tested in a controlled prospective study. 21 surgical high risk
      patients received an antacid, and 17 secretin. Antacid prophylaxis resulted in a
      significantly higher intragastral pH than with secretin. This was especially true
      in patients with several risk factors. The percentage of secretin patients with a
      pH reduction below 4 was higher. An increase in dosage was necessary in 4 of the
      17 patients receiving secretin and in none of those receiving antacids. One
      stress ulcer hemorrhage occurred during secretin infusion.

PMID- 6380981
TI  - [Anorectal continence following manual and mechanical anastomosis suture. Results
      of a controlled study of rectal surgery].
AB  - In a controlled clinical trial-manual vs. stapler anastomosis in rectal surgery
      it was found that both suture techniques per se made no difference in the
      function of anal continence. The anal pressures at rest and sphincter contraction
      remained unchanged. A linear reduction of functional reservoir of the "neorectum"
      could be shown, which depended on the level and healing of the anastomosis. An
      anastomosis level at 6 cm from anocutaneous line is important for functional
      reasons. Anastomoses above this level do not cause any consequences for anal
      continence. Anastomoses below this level result in a reduced functional reservoir
      for at least 6 months. Within this period a decrease in anal continence is
      possible, especially in cases of disturbed healing of the anastomosis.

PMID- 6380983
TI  - [Closure of the bile ducts following exploration].
AB  - One indication for cholangioscopy is a doubtful intraoperative cholangiogram.
      Cholangioscopy is usually performed by a choledochotomy, occasionally it can be
      done via the cystic duct stump. Primary closure of the choledochotomy using a
      forward and backward suture is possible. In cases of severe cholangitis T-tube
      external drainage of the bile is performed. The method and experience of 208
      endoscopic examinations is reported, 71 via the cystic duct stump and 137 via a
      choledochotomy.

PMID- 6380984
TI  - [Hemodynamic changes during orthotopic hepatic transplantation in man].

PMID- 6380985
TI  - [Microvascular anastomosis--assessment of modified continuous suturing in animal
      experiments].

PMID- 6380986
TI  - [A convoluted spring clip for scalp hemostasis in craniectomy].

PMID- 6380987
TI  - [Advances in pancreas preservation].

PMID- 6380988
TI  - [Experimental study on the deleterious effect of silk suture in gastrointestinal
      anastomosis].

PMID- 6380989
TI  - [Treatment of burn wounds with meshed autografts and comparison of different
      overlaying materials].

PMID- 6380991
TI  - [Analysis of treatment of 536 cases of severe burns].

PMID- 6380990
TI  - [Biopsy technic in bone and soft tissue cancer].

PMID- 6380992
TI  - Torbjorn Oskar Caspersson: curriculum vitae and selected publications.

PMID- 6380993
TI  - Torbjorn Caspersson: some personal perspectives.

PMID- 6380994
TI  - The relative effects of different types of growth factors on DNA replication,
      mitosis, and cellular enlargement.
AB  - It was recently demonstrated that growth in cell size can be dissociated from DNA
      synthesis and mitosis. 3T3 cells starved to quiescence in low serum concentration
      can be stimulated to undergo DNA synthesis and one cell division without growing
      in size (unbalanced growth) (42-44). We report here that in cells stimulated to
      undergo unbalanced growth, the cell nucleus undergoes balanced growth, i.e.,
      nearly doubles in size prior to mitosis. The reduced ability to grow in cell size
      under unbalanced growth conditions is thus mainly ascribable to the cytoplasm.
      Furthermore, the extent to which cells grow in size prior to mitosis is dependent
      on the serum concentration in the tissue culture medium (44). This data suggests
      that some macromolecular factor or factors in serum are required for growth in
      cell size prior to mitosis. We report in this study that epidermal growth factor
      (EGF) alone exerts a small but significant stimulatory influence on DNA synthesis
      and mitosis but does not affect cellular enlargement. In contrast, insulin added
      at supraphysiological concentrations does not stimulate quiescent cells to enter
      S phase but instead stimulates growth in cell size in the small fraction of
      dividing cells. Furthermore, cells stimulated to proliferate by EGF could be
      induced to undergo balanced growth when insulin was added concomitantly. Finally,
      platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulates quiescent sparse 3T3 cells to
      undergo DNA synthesis and mitosis. PDGF also exerts a limited but significant
      effect on cellular enlargement. However, PDGF alone could not induce a complete
      balanced growth, i.e., a doubling in cell size prior to mitosis.

PMID- 6380995
TI  - Quantitative histochemistry of the angiotensinase A (APA) in the renal glomeruli
      of rats after stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system.
AB  - Quantitative histochemical measurements of aminopeptidase A (APA, angiotensinase
      A) were done kinetically in the kidney glomeruli of rats after short-term
      experiments (treatment with furosemide as well as captopril for 2, 4, and 6 h).
      The APA activities increased after treatment with furosemide or captopril.
      Highest activities were determined after 4 h using furosemide and 6 h using
      captopril. It is concluded that glomerular APA activities correspond to the
      renin/angiotensin plasma levels and that the fast changes of APA activities are
      well demonstrable by kinetic densitometric measurements in situ.

PMID- 6380997
TI  - Facts about the Kock continent ileostomy.
AB  - A great number of publications on the results obtained by different techniques
      employed for construction of the continent ileostomy have been published over the
      years. Unfortunately, many reports are incomplete or presented in such a way that
      they do not allow for proper interpretation or mutual comparison. Analysis of the
      collective results obtained from studies where the different techniques employed
      are accurately described and complications properly specified demonstrates more
      clearly what measures may improve the success rate and which factors have to be
      taken into account for anyone who is going to adopt the method.

PMID- 6380998
TI  - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. Donald Church Balfour, 1882-1963.
      A method of anastomosis between sigmoid and rectum.

PMID- 6380999
TI  - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. William Stewart Halsted, 1852
      1922. Circular suture of the intestine--an experimental study.

PMID- 6380996
TI  - Carcinoembryonic antigen in cytological specimens of urothelial carcinoma.
AB  - A peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique was developed for the detection of
      carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in urothelial transitional cells of 52 bladder
      cancer patients. The percentage of CEA-containing malignant cells varied from 10%
      to 100%. As a mean, 65% of the malignant cells stained for CEA, while the
      corresponding figure for benign-looking cells was 24%. The results were compared
      with cytological evaluations, flow cytophotometric results, and immunofluorescent
      (IF) staining for CEA. With increasing malignancy, more CEA was detected with the
      PAP technique, whereas the IF technique failed to show this trend. 18 of 20
      malignant-tumors had an aneuploid DNA pattern. The two diploid cases were
      moderately well differentiated. Samples from bladders with heavy inflammation
      should be avoided in the PAP technique, since the unspecific staining of
      granulocytes disturbed a correct evaluation of the transitional cells. The PAP
      technique used on cytological material is recommended for antigen determinations,
      since good morphology is obtained.

PMID- 6381000
TI  - Effects of preparation-H on wound healing in the rectum of man.
AB  - The wound-healing property of Preparation-H, a widely used over-the-counter
      hemorrhoidal product was investigated in a randomized, controlled, double-blind
      trial. Artificial ulcers were created in the rectum of 12 healthy male volunteers
      and the size of these ulcers followed until complete healing by visual
      examination on days 4, 8, 15, and 22. There were two groups of patients, one
      using placebo suppositories (placebo group) and another using Preparation-H
      (Preparation-H group). On day 8, biopsies were obtained from the edge of the
      ulcer in both groups to assess histological healing. On day 15, all the five
      subjects in the Preparation-H group had achieved complete healing of their rectal
      lesion, whereas only three of six subjects in the placebo group had done so.
      Although the difference in healing does not achieve statistical significance, it
      may be that with larger numbers of patients, Preparation-H could be shown to
      increase the rate of wound healing in artificially created rectal ulcers in man.

PMID- 6381001
TI  - Comparative study of hydrogen and aminopyrine clearance methods for determination
      of gastric mucosal blood flow in dogs.
AB  - Effects of pentagastrin, histamine, PGI2, and vasopressin on gastric mucosal
      blood flow (GMBF) in innervated stomaches of anesthetized dogs were measured by
      means of the hydrogen clearance method, using a contact electrode. The results
      were compared with findings obtained with the aminopyrine (AP) clearance method
      in Heidenhain pouch preparations. Pentagastrin at 2 and 8 micrograms/kg/hr had no
      effects on GMBF, as measured by the hydrogen clearance method, but there was a
      marked increase in GMBF when the AP clearance method was used. Histamine at 40 or
      160 micrograms/kg/hr tended to reduce or significantly reduced GMBF when measured
      with the hydrogen clearance method, but there was a significant increase in GMBF
      with the AP clearance method. Both PGI2 (3 or 30 micrograms/kg/hr) and
      vasopressin (0.06 or 0.25 units/kg/hr) reduced GMBF as determined by both
      methods. These results indicate that the hydrogen clearance method is
      advantageous for detecting regional GMBF but is disadvantageous when attempting
      to detect the effects of agents which increase GMBF.

PMID- 6381003
TI  - The effects of physiologic amounts of simple sugars on lipoprotein, glucose, and
      insulin levels in normal subjects.
AB  - Using a crossover design, eight healthy volunteers randomly received physiologic
      amounts (1/3 of each subject's total carbohydrate intake) of either fructose or
      sucrose as the primary source of simple sugar, incorporated into isocaloric diets
      comprised of typical American foods. After 7 and 14 days of consuming either of
      the two sugars, no change occurred in fasting glucose or insulin levels. In
      addition, total triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density-lipoprotein (LDL)
      cholesterol, and high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations were
      unaltered. Since our study used conventional foods in normal eating patterns
      rather than contrived formulas or excessive amounts of simple sugar, our data
      indicate that there is no difference between sucrose or fructose on various lipid
      components or glucose and fasting insulin levels in the "real world" in normal
      subjects.

PMID- 6381002
TI  - Pancreatic glucagon secretion and exocrine function (BT-PABA test) in chronic
      pancreatitis.
AB  - Plasma concentrations of pancreatic glucagon, C-peptide, and pancreatic
      polypeptide were measured during arginine stimulation in 16 patients with chronic
      pancreatitis, in eight subjects with idiopathic diabetes mellitus, and in seven
      healthy controls. The hormone responses were compared with exocrine pancreatic
      function as assessed using the urinary excretion rate of p-aminobenzoic acid
      after oral ingestion of n-benzoyl-l-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (BT-PABA). The
      increase in pancreatic glucagon levels during arginine stimulation was
      significantly reduced in patients with chronic pancreatitis compared to healthy
      controls, most markedly in those with secondary diabetes. In contrast, the
      glucagon response was unimpaired in patients with idiopathic diabetes. The
      arginine-induced increase in plasma glucagon and C-peptide concentrations
      correlated significantly with urinary PABA excretion in chronic pancreatitis (P
      less than 0.001, P less than 0.01, respectively). The responses of plasma C
      peptide and pancreatic polypeptide separated pancreatitic and idiopathic diabetes
      less well. Thus, the glucagon response to arginine distinguished secondary
      diabetes due to chronic pancreatitis and idiopathic diabetes mellitus. The
      correlation between urinary PABA excretion and glucagon levels suggests that in
      chronic pancreatitis there is a parallel impairment of exocrine and endocrine
      function.

PMID- 6381004
TI  - A prospective study to evaluate the benefits of long-term self-monitoring of
      blood glucose in diabetic children.
AB  - The benefits of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in diabetic children have
      been assessed in an 18-mo prospective study by comparison of two groups, one
      receiving intensive education (N = 20) and the other, education combined with
      SMBG (N = 19). Regular home visits were made with all children during which
      attempts were made to optimize diabetes control. Mean blood glucose levels in the
      SMBG group showed a downward trend throughout the study; however, values at
      baseline (11.7 mmol/L) were not significantly different from those at completion
      of the study (10.8 mmol/L). Hemoglobin A1c levels showed a seasonal fluctuation,
      but values at the beginning and end of the study were nearly identical to each
      other in both groups. The SMBG group showed a reduction in the number of hospital
      admissions for stabilization of control and for ketoacidosis (P less than 0.04).

PMID- 6381005
TI  - Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and postprandial exercise in tightly
      controlled type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients.
AB  - The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of short-term submaximal
      postprandial exercise on plasma glucose concentrations in tightly controlled
      insulin-dependent diabetic patients treated by means of continuous subcutaneous
      insulin infusion (CSII). Two hours after breakfast, five diabetic patients and
      five healthy control subjects followed this protocol: 30 min of mild exercise, 30
      min rest, 30 min of moderate exercise, 150 min rest. Serial determinations of
      plasma glucose, free insulin, and growth hormone (GH) were made. Similar control
      studies without exercise were also performed. In the diabetic patients, analysis
      of variance and covariance did not reveal any significant difference between the
      2-h postbreakfast concentrations of plasma glucose and free insulin and
      postexercise values. A significant GH increase was observed after the exercise
      periods. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations throughout the exercise study
      were not significantly different from the control study concentrations. Plasma
      free insulin concentrations of the diabetic patients were higher than the
      concentrations of healthy subjects. We conclude that CSII-treated, tightly
      controlled, insulin-dependent diabetic patients performing short-term mild and
      moderate exercises 2 and 3 h after breakfast do not have a high risk of
      hypoglycemia in spite of mild hyperinsulinemia.

PMID- 6381006
TI  - Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (Mill-Hill Infuser) versus multiple
      injections (Medi-Jector) in the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
      and the effect of metabolic control on microangiopathy.
AB  - The present study was designed to compare continuous subcutaneous insulin
      infusion (CSII) using the Mill-Hill Infuser (Muirhead Medical Products Ltd.,
      London, England) with multiple injections (MI) using the Medi-Jector (Derata
      Corporation, Minneapolis, Minnesota) in the treatment of insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and to assess the effect of glucose control on diabetes
      complications. Twelve diabetic subjects were treated 3 mo with CSII and 3 mo with
      MI (bedtime ultralente and premeal boluses of regular insulin) in a randomized
      fashion. Prestudy preprandial/postprandial glucose levels were 147-215 mg/dl and
      improved to 108-138 mg/dl during CSII, and to 115-139 mg/dl during MI with
      glycosylated hemoglobin of 12.9%, 9.1%, and 8.7%, respectively. This improved
      glucose control with either CSII or MI was associated with an increase in sural
      nerve conductivity from 42.9 to 45 m/s and a decrease in proteinuria from 1.9 to
      0.5 g/24 h. The 24-h insulin dose consisted of 45 U before the study, 44 U during
      CSII, and 56 U during MI. After the study, seven patients opted to continue with
      the Mill-Hill Infuser, and five with the Medi-Jector. We conclude the following:
      (1) treatment with both the Mill-Hill Infuser and the Medi-Jector was well
      accepted by the patients and resulted in similar improvement in measured blood
      glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin; (2) this improved metabolic control was
      associated with an increased nerve conductivity and a decreased protein
      excretion; and (3) MI required 20% more insulin than CSII to achieve similar
      glycemic control.

PMID- 6381007
TI  - Metabolic alterations after a two-hour nocturnal interruption of a continuous
      subcutaneous insulin infusion.
AB  - In order to evaluate the metabolic consequences of a 2-h nocturnal interruption
      of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), seven insulin-dependent
      diabetic patients without residual insulin secretion were investigated. The
      changes in blood glucose, plasma free insulin, glucagon, free fatty acids, and 3
      hydroxybutyrate (3 OH-B) concentrations have been compared during two randomized
      tests carried out either during the normal functioning of a Mill-Hill pump from
      10 p.m. to 8 a.m. (1.00 +/- 0.06 U insulin/h, keeping adequate metabolic control)
      or during the same conditions but with a deliberate arrest of the pump between 11
      p.m. and 1 a.m. Considering the value recorded at 11 p.m. as reference,
      interruption of the insulin infusion resulted in: (1) a rapid (already
      significant after 1 h) and sustained (maximal fall: --12.5 +/- 2.5 mU/L at 3
      a.m.) decrease in plasma free insulin; (2) a delayed (significant after 4 h) and
      linear rise in blood glucose (maximal increase: + 4.0 +/- 1.3 mmol/L at 5 a.m.);
      (3) an early (significant at midnight) and prolonged rise in plasma free fatty
      acids (+ 387 +/- 148 mumol/L at 3 a.m.); (4) a delayed (significant after 3 h)
      and sustained increase in plasma 3 OH-B (+ 347 +/- 88 mumol/L at 3 a.m.); and (5)
      no significant changes in plasma glucagon. Thus, a 2-h interruption of CSII in
      resting nocturnal conditions is sufficient to induce significant, delayed, and
      sustained metabolic alterations in C-peptide-negative patients despite good
      baseline blood glucose control. Resetting the pump at its basal rate is
      insufficient to quickly restore adequate circulating insulin levels and
      effectively counteract the metabolic disturbances. The efficacy of a bolus
      insulin injection in these conditions should be evaluated.

PMID- 6381008
TI  - Insulin wastage in ambulant practice.
AB  - The total insulin consumption in 162 insulin-requiring diabetic patients was
      calculated from the prescriptions of purchased insulin for 1979-80. The mean
      daily consumption was 58.6 U, whereas the actual dose injected was 41.7 U. A mean
      of 1.9 doses was injected daily, which yields a loss per dose of 8.9 U (SD +/-
      7.9). The dose loss was independent of age and sex and only marginally dependent
      on insulin dose. Visual impairment increased the loss. From a direct study of 101
      patients while drawing their usual morning dose of insulin into the syringe, the
      following major factors underlying insulin wastage emerged: (1) expulsion of
      surplus insulin into the air instead of into the vial, when adjustment of the
      insulin dose is made; (2) use of syringes with a separate needle instead of new
      low-dead-space syringes; and (3) unnecessary use of 2-ml syringes for doses of
      insulin less than or equal to 40 U (less than or equal to 1 ml).

PMID- 6381009
TI  - Psychological and social correlates of glycemic control.
AB  - Eighty-four persons with insulin-dependent diabetes participated in this study to
      determine whether glycemic control was related to personality, anxiety,
      depression, and/or quality of life. The subjects were placed on either a
      conventional treatment regimen consisting of one to two injections of mixed short
      and intermediate-acting insulin, with urine testing or an intensive treatment
      regimen consisting of two or more injections of mixed insulins, with self
      monitoring of blood glucose. Personality was found to have no relationship to
      level of glycemic control either at the beginning of the study or at any point
      during the study. In contrast, anxiety, depression, and quality of life showed a
      significant relationship to metabolic control at entry and throughout the study
      period. Lower anxiety and depression scores and better quality of life scores
      were recorded for those subjects in good control (HbA1 less than 8.9%) when
      compared with those in average control (HbA1 9.0-11.9%) and those in poor control
      (HbA1 greater than 11.9%) at entry (P = 0.01). At each point during the study the
      difference between those in good control and those in poor control in terms of
      anxiety, depression, and quality of life was significant (P = 0.02). Change in
      glycemic control was found to account for up to 20% of the between-patient
      variability for these psychosocial parameters.

PMID- 6381010
TI  - Insulin gene structure and function: a review of studies using recombinant DNA
      methodology.
AB  - This review focuses on recent advances in molecular biology as they pertain to
      the insulin gene and diabetes mellitus. The structure of the human insulin gene
      is examined, and factors related to its normal functioning in the beta cells of
      the pancreas are explored. DNA polymorphisms near the insulin locus and their
      relationship with certain types of diabetes are considered, as are recently
      characterized human insulin gene mutations. Events in animal models for diabetes
      that reflect altered insulin gene expression are discussed and the potential
      application of gene therapy in human diabetes is examined. Recombinant DNA
      methodology holds great promise as a tool for providing better understanding of
      the causes of diabetes and potential curative treatment.

PMID- 6381011
TI  - Allergies to human insulin.

PMID- 6381012
TI  - [Humoral and cellular factors of immunity in acute attacks of malaria in adults
      in Senegal].

PMID- 6381013
TI  - [New method of classifying the interactions in mixed cultures of microorganisms].

PMID- 6381014
TI  - Food interactions affecting the absorption of analgesic and anti-inflammatory
      agents.
AB  - Food interactions affect the absorption of most analgesic and anti-inflammatory
      agents. Of the 18 compounds that have been examined, only prednisone and
      phenazone were unaffected by food. The absorption of indomethacin and phenacetin
      was decreased, while the absorption of diftalone and proquazone was increased.
      The remaining drug entities exhibited delayed absorption. The major factor
      influencing delayed or reduced absorption appears to be delayed stomach-emptying
      in the presence of food. However, delayed stomach-emptying may also promote
      absorption of diftalone and proquazone by permitting greater dissolution of these
      drugs before they pass into the small intestine. Reduced local gastrointestinal
      irritation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents in the presence of food,
      together with reduced fluctuation in circulating drug levels, probably outweighs
      any disadvantage of impaired absorption.

PMID- 6381015
TI  - [Effect of ticlopidine on peripheral obliterating arteriopathy].
AB  - The efficacy of and tolerance to ticlopidine, a platelet inhibitor, in preventing
      progression of obliterative arterial disease was compared with that of a placebo
      in a double-blind and randomized trial in 43 patients (22 on placebo, 21 on
      ticlopidine) over a period of one year. The course of the disease in both groups
      was assessed by serial angiography of the lower limbs, both at the beginning and
      at the end of the study. There was a significantly reduced progression in the
      ticlopidine group (P less than 0.01). The results support the hypothesis that
      platelets are of great importance in the progression of arteriosclerosis and that
      inhibition of platelet function is an effective principle of prevention.
      Ticlopidine in this respect is an alternative to the use of acetylsalicylic acid.

PMID- 6381016
TI  - [Splenectomy in adults and the OPSI (overwhelming postsplenectomy infection)
      syndrome].

PMID- 6381017
TI  - [Carboxypeptidase N].

PMID- 6381018
TI  - [Iopromide, a new contrast medium for angiography. Clinical study and comparison
      with other low-osmolar contrast media].
AB  - In a multi-centre randomized double-blind study the ionic dimer ioxaglate was
      compared with the nonionic monomer iopromide. In a second randomized double-blind
      study iopamidol was included in the trial. It was shown that with low-osmolar
      substances sensitivity to pain and warmth occurred to only a slight extent,
      whether the contrast medium was ionic or non-ionic. An advantage of the non-ionic
      preparation was the definitely lower incidence of skin-rash, dizziness, nausea
      and vomiting.

PMID- 6381019
TI  - [Combined treatment of the early stages of Parkinson's syndrome with
      bromocriptine and levodopa. The results of a multicenter study].
AB  - 125 patients in the early stages of Parkinson's syndrome were randomized and
      subjected to prearranged treatment adaptation period. Subsequently they were
      treated with either a mean dosage of 444 mg levodopa and benserazide (47
      patients) or a combination of a mean of 298 mg levodopa and benserazide plus 17
      mg bromocriptine (32 patients). Follow-up was done up to three years. Combined
      treatment permitted reduction of the levodopa dosage by 39%. As assessed by
      improvement of symptoms of Parkinson's syndrome in patients with a minimum
      treatment period of 1 or 3 years combined treatment was shown to be superior to
      monotherapy.

PMID- 6381020
TI  - [Transvenous electric ablation of the AV conduction system].

PMID- 6381021
TI  - [Hereditary angioneurotic edema. Clinical picture, diagnosis, patient management
      and drug therapy].

PMID- 6381022
TI  - [Treatment of deep venous thrombosis of the pelvis and leg. State of the art].

PMID- 6381023
TI  - [Etiology of urinary tract infections].

PMID- 6381024
TI  - Current status of chemotherapy of breast cancer.

PMID- 6381026
TI  - A review of chloroquine resistance by plasmodium falciparum in Kenya.

PMID- 6381027
TI  - [Composites in the lateral dental area from the technological viewpoint].

PMID- 6381028
TI  - [Effect of the setting time and polish on the stability and corrosion behavior of
      dental amalgams].

PMID- 6381029
TI  - [Retention-adhesion bridge (modified Maryland bridge)].

PMID- 6381030
TI  - [Multiple forms of cytochrome P450 in the liver mono-oxygenase system].

PMID- 6381031
TI  - Quantum differences in oral susceptibility of voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus, to
      virulent Francisella tularensis type B, in drinking water: implications to
      epidemiology.
AB  - Shedding nephritis in voles with chronic tularemia is the probable source of
      frequent contamination of streams over wide areas of the northern hemisphere.
      However, voles inoculated parenterally with as few as one dex viable cells of
      Francisella tularensis palaearctica succumb uniformly to acute tularemia, whereas
      voles, beavers, and muskrats often thrive in waters contaminated with the
      organism. Nevertheless, water-borne epizootics do occur in these animals, and at
      these times streams are heavily contaminated. In attempts to determine the lethal
      dose, per os, of the bacteria to voles, it was found that there are stable,
      'order-of-magnitude' differences in susceptibility of individual weaned voles
      reared under uniform conditions. Also, voles thus infected often became
      chronically infected with bacteriuria. It is proposed that the most susceptible
      voles are responsible for amplification of water contamination and thus for
      initiation of water-borne epizootics in hygrocolic mammals and for frequent mild
      infections in man.

PMID- 6381025
TI  - Beclomethasone dipropionate. A reappraisal of its pharmacodynamic properties and
      therapeutic efficacy after a decade of use in asthma and rhinitis.
AB  - Inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate is now well established in the management of
      asthma. Studies conducted over the last decade, and since the drug was previously
      reviewed in the Journal, have confirmed that inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate
      400 to 800 micrograms daily can reduce the need for oral maintenance
      corticosteroids in the majority of asthmatic patients requiring such therapy, and
      that increasing the dosage to 2000 micrograms daily may provide additional
      clinical benefit in some patients unresponsive to usual therapeutic dosages.
      Follow-up over a period of several years has confirmed that the initial response
      to inhaled beclomethasone can be maintained in most patients. Recent studies
      indicate that beclomethasone dipropionate 400 micrograms daily is equally
      effective when administered in 2 or 4 divided doses in patients with stable
      asthma, but it is likely that the lower frequency of administration will be less
      effective when the asthma is unstable. Recent studies have established the
      usefulness and good tolerability of intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate in the
      treatment of perennial and seasonal rhinitis, where the drug has been shown to be
      more effective than intranasal sodium cromoglycate and similar in efficacy to
      flunisolide. Nasal polyps decrease in size during continuous treatment with
      intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate, but enlarge again during periods of
      respiratory infection. After a decade of treatment with inhaled and intranasal
      beclomethasone dipropionate, there is no evidence that the drug damages the
      tracheobronchial lining or the nasal mucosa. Thus, the initial promise of
      beclomethasone dipropionate has been fulfilled. It has had an important role in
      asthma therapy over the past decade, which will continue into the future.

PMID- 6381033
TI  - [A new injectable delayed-action neuroleptic with sedative and antipsychotic
      action: cis-(Z)-clopenthixol decanoate. Clinical trials].
AB  - 70 psychiatric patients were treated with a depot preparation of cis (Z)
      clopenthixol decanoate, a new sedative and anti-psychotic neuroleptic. The mean
      dosage interval was two weeks, an amount of drug from 50 to 1000 mg for each I.M.
      injection. Significant improvements were obtained on thinking disturbance,
      hostile-suspiciousness and anxious-depression symptoms groups. Thus, paranoid
      schizophrenia seems the best indication of cis (Z) clopenthixol decanoate. Side
      effects (parkinsonism, weight increase) were of low intensity, and no depression
      was observed. This new long-acting depot neuroleptic may be used not only in
      hospitalized chronic schizophrenic patients, but also in outpatients as
      maintenance treatment: excellent results were obtained in such patients with a
      very low (less than 200 mg) fortnightly dosage. Advantages and indications of cis
      (Z) clopenthixol decanoate are discussed.

PMID- 6381032
TI  - [Hormonal changes during relaxation].
AB  - Among 10 subjects who practiced autogenic training (AT) and 10 subjects who
      practiced transcendental meditation (TM), compared to 10 control subjects during
      40 minutes, have been observed the following results: --decrease in cortisol
      plasma level (reaching a minima of 2 g/100 ml), --decrease in prolactin plasma
      level, --the basal plasma level of cortisol and prolactin were significantly
      lower in the TM group. Lastly, the urinary catecholamines (UC) increase after 40
      minutes of rest in the control group, whereas the UC decrease in the TA group and
      most certainly in the TM group. All these variations indicate a humoral
      modification which seems to be the opposite of the state induced by stress.

PMID- 6381034
TI  - Colposcopy in the localization of missing intrauterine devices.
AB  - The use of colposcopy as an office procedure is shown to be an effective method
      in localizing the IUD's string deep in the cervical canal, and for following
      those patients who wish to continue with IUD, thus avoiding replacement of the
      device. In 24 patients with missing string, colposcopy was used, and was found to
      be an effective procedure which obviates the use of unnecessary x-ray exposure,
      invasive procedures and expensive ultrasonography.

PMID- 6381035
TI  - Aspects of the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.

PMID- 6381036
TI  - Thyroid hormones, gonadal and adrenocortical steroids and the function of the
      islets of Langerhans.
AB  - Thyroid hormones, gonadal and adrenocortical steroids, are glucoregulatory
      hormones. Thyroid hormones increase the provision of glucose to meet the enhanced
      energy demands which they impose. Glucose tolerance is decreased, associated with
      increased hepatic glucose production, although the glucose-raising effects of
      thyroid hormones are partially offset by an increased rate of glucose utilization
      especially in the postabsorptive state. The insulin secretory capacity of the
      pancreatic B cells is reduced by an excess of thyroid hormones, and the onset of
      diabetes may be hastened as pancreatic insulin reserves are depleted. Natural
      estrogens can improve glucose tolerance through a beta-cytotropic effect and
      enhanced insulin sensitivity. Progesterone may produce similar effects in the
      absence of estrogens, but progestins appear to antagonize the effects of
      estrogens. Testosterone exerts only marginal effects on glucose tolerance.
      Glucocorticoids decrease glucose tolerance by increased hepatic glucose
      production and impaired peripheral glucose utilization. Glucocorticoids reduce
      insulin sensitivity and responsiveness in peripheral tissues. However, the
      diabetogenic influence of glucocorticoid excess is partly compensated by a beta
      cytotropic effect and a condition of diabetes develops when the functional
      reserve of the endocrine pancreas becomes limiting.

PMID- 6381039
TI  - [Brotherhood of Santa Casa de Pocos de Caldas].

PMID- 6381037
TI  - Regulation of the immune system by sex steroids.

PMID- 6381038
TI  - Hypothyroidism: diversity of presentation.
AB  - Hypothyroidism has a number of signs and symptoms known to most all clinicians.
      However, the disorder has many other presentations that are less frequently
      recognized. These other manifestations, though not seen often, are also not
      uncommon. Hypothyroidism is an easily treated, frequent disease, and can be
      misdiagnosed for years before becoming apparent. Although its symptoms are
      usually readily reversible with treatment, lack of recognition of its rarer signs
      and symptoms can lead to unnecessary morbidity. Awareness of the diversity of
      presentation of this disease may lead to early, effective treatment.

PMID- 6381040
TI  - Microbial mutagenicity of isomeric two-, three-, and four-ring amino polycyclic
      aromatic hydrocarbons.
AB  - The isomers of various two-, three-, and four-ring amino polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbons were tested for mutagenic activity using a microbial plate
      incorporation test with four Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA98, TA100, TA1535,
      and TA1537). All compounds were assayed with an S9 metabolic activating enzyme
      system. The two-ring compounds were tested only with TA98. All were weakly
      mutagenic (1-10 rev/micrograms) except 2-aminobiphenyl, which was not mutagenic
      under these test conditions. All except two of the 13 fused three-ring compounds
      (aminofluorenes, aminoanthracenes, and aminophenanthrenes) were active frame
      shift mutagens; only the aminophenanthrenes were active base-pair mutagens. The
      potency of this group of isomeric compounds ranged from moderately (approximately
      20 rev/microgram) to strongly (greater than 5,000 rev/microgram) mutagenic. As a
      group, the pericondensed four-ring amino compounds were the most mutagenic of the
      three groups tested. All of the aminofluoranthene and aminopyrene isomers showed
      significant mutagenic activity with TA98, TA100, and TA1537. In general, the
      mutagenic potency of the amino polycyclic aromatic compounds tested was highly
      dependent on the structural position of the amino group.

PMID- 6381041
TI  - Reduced mutant yield at high doses in the Salmonella/activation assay: the cause
      is not always toxicity.
AB  - In the Salmonella/activation assay developed by Ames et al [1973, 1975] toxicity
      is not measured, though it is recognized by the loss of a cloudy appearance on
      the plate. One approach to the measurement of toxicity is described here and uses
      a microscope-linked automated colony counter to estimate the number of
      microcolonies formed by histidine auxotrophs that stop growing after the
      depletion of histidine. This technique was used to evaluate the effect of
      toxicity on the revertant count for 16 mutagens, most of which were chosen
      because, from previous experience, their dose-response curves manifested a
      maximum at an intermediate dose tested. One of the sixteen, 2-nitrofluorene, was
      not toxic up to the maximum dose tested. The relationship between mutation and
      toxicity for the remaining fifteen allowed them to be grouped into two
      categories: (1) compounds that induced decreases in survival at the same dose at
      which the number of mutants decreased, and (2) compounds that induced toxicity,
      but survival was reduced at dose levels higher than those required to reduce the
      number of mutants. Possible explanations for this reduction of mutant counts
      occurring with little apparent concomitant increase in toxicity are examined.
      These results may be significant for attempts to estimate mutagenic potency and,
      to a lesser extent, construct mathematical models of the Ames test.

PMID- 6381042
TI  - Correlative genotoxicity studies of airborne particles in Salmonella typhimurium
      and cultured human lymphocytes.
AB  - The acetone extracts of ambient air particulates collected locally were tested
      for their capacity to induce sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and chromosomal
      aberrations (CAs) in human lymphocytes, and to induce gene mutations (GMs) in
      Salmonella typhimurium. The extracts caused dose-related clastogenic/mutagenic
      responses in all three assay systems. With the same concentration, it seems that
      the Ames Salmonella/microsomal assay with TA98 gave the highest, and the
      chromosomal aberration assay with human lymphocytes the lowest,
      mutagenic/clastogenic responses, respectively. Because high frequencies of SCEs
      were induced by solvent extracts of airborne particles, this study further
      indicated the usefulness of SCE assay in human lymphocytes for genotoxicity
      studies of airborne particles.

PMID- 6381043
TI  - Role of oxygen radicals in tumor promotion.
AB  - Tumor promoters provoke the elaboration of oxygen radicals by direct chemical
      generation and through the indirect activation or alteration of cellular sources
      including membrane oxidases, peroxisomes, and electron transport chains in
      mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Although direct measurement of amplified
      oxygen radical production in response to tumor promoters in target tissues
      remains problematic, studies with scavengers of reactive oxygen species
      demonstrate inhibition of biochemical and biological sequelae of tumor promoter
      exposure and provide strong presumptive evidence for oxygen radical involvement
      in this late stage of carcinogenesis. The critical macromolecular targets for
      these oxygen radicals remain undefined; however, they may include lipids, DNA,
      DNA repair systems, and other enzymes.

PMID- 6381045
TI  - Pneumocystis carinii: a misunderstood opportunist.

PMID- 6381044
TI  - Physical training in obese women. Effects of muscle morphology, biochemistry and
      function.
AB  - Peripheral adaptations to 3 months of physical endurance training without food
      restrictions were studied in skeletal muscles of 14, middle-aged, physically
      untrained, obese women. In comparison to aged-matched controls of normal weight,
      the obese group showed significantly lower isometric endurance. In the obese
      group, physical training resulted in a significant increase of maximal isometric
      and isokinetic strength. Isokinetic but not isometric endurance also increased
      after training. The isometric strength of obese women showed a positive
      correlation with the percentage of FTb fibres. The training (50 min/day, 3
      days/w) did not result in any change in body weight, body fat, and the number and
      weight of fat cells. The 20% increase of VO2 max after training was found to be
      significantly correlated with the increase in the number of capillaries around
      muscle fibres. The relative percentage of FTa fibres, the number of capillaries
      per fibre as well as the activities of citrate synthase, 3-hydroxy-acyl-CoA
      dehydrogenase, and hexokinase showed a significant increase after training. The
      concentrations of glucose during OGTT showed a trend to decrease with a
      significant decrease at the end glucose curve (120-min value). The concentration
      of insulin and C peptide and the insulin removal did not change after training.
      The changes in the concentration of glucose during OGTT was significantly
      correlated with the increase in muscle capillarization and of dynamic endurance.

PMID- 6381046
TI  - The great cephalosporin wars.

PMID- 6381047
TI  - Wound infection rates following preoperative versus intraoperative commencement
      of antibiotic prophylaxis.
AB  - The effect of antibiotic prophylaxis initiated one hour prior to contamination or
      at the time of contamination was evaluated in a randomized blind study using a
      guinea pig model of surgical wound infection. Would infection, defined as
      accumulation of pus draining spontaneously or after opening of the wound,
      developed in 135 guinea pigs after intraincisional contamination before wound
      closure with 10(7) Escherichia coli plus 10(8) Bacteroides fragilis. Antibiotic
      prophylaxis with gentamicin plus clindamycin significantly reduced the wound
      sepsis rate from 82% in the control group of 61 animals to 19% in the two treated
      groups of 68 and 67 animals (p less than 0.001). However, the timing of
      antibiotic prophylaxis did not influence wound sepsis rates, rectal temperature
      during the postoperative period, or bacterial recovery from wound infections.

PMID- 6381048
TI  - Cross-reactivity of environmental bacteria with fluorescent-antibody conjugates
      for Legionella pneumophila.

PMID- 6381049
TI  - A new micromethod for rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria in stool specimens.

PMID- 6381050
TI  - The cultivation and rapid enzyme identification of DF-2.
AB  - The investigation of two clinical isolates and two reference strains of DF-2
      showed that supplementary cysteine and incubation in a humid atmosphere were
      important growth-promoting factors for these fastidious, gram-negative bacteria.
      Broth-base media with phenol red indicator were proven to be satisfactory for
      carbohydrate fermentation tests. Two four-hour enzyme assays (API ZYM and Rosco
      Diagnostic Tablets) were used to compare the enzymatic activity of DF-2 with that
      of 27 species of other non-enterobacterial organisms. The Rosco assay revealed
      that only the DF-2 strains had a positive alpha-fucosidase reaction, suggesting
      that this character may provide the means for rapid characterization and
      identification of these bacteria and also be of value for taxonomic
      classification. The incongruent results of the API ZYM assay seem to be due to
      the different substrates of the two assay systems.

PMID- 6381051
TI  - Isolation and properties of 5-aminolevulinate synthase from the yeast
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - 5-Aminolevulinate synthase from yeast mitochondria has been purified to
      homogeneity for the first time. By using affinity chromatography on agarose
      hexane-CoA, gel filtration and DEAE-Sepharose chromatography, the enzyme was
      purified about 7000-fold with an overall yield of 40%. The specific activity of
      the final preparation was 39000 nmol of 5-aminolevulinate h-1 mg-1 of protein at
      30 degrees C. As judged by gel filtration, polyacrylamide gradient gel and sodium
      dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the enzyme appeared to be
      composed of two identical subunits of a relative molecular mass of 53000.
      Electrophoresis of sodium-dodecyl-sulfate-solubilized yeast homogenate followed
      by immune replica analysis showed that the value of 53000 is the Mr of a non
      degraded form. The purified enzyme had an isoelectric point of 5.3 and a pH
      optimum of 7.4. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate has been shown to be an essential
      cofactor. The enzyme activity was sensitive to thiol blocking reagents. Hemin,
      but not heme, inhibited the activity of the purified enzyme.

PMID- 6381052
TI  - The characterization of somatomedin A, isolated by microcomputer-controlled
      chromatography, reveals an apparent identity to insulin-like growth factor 1.
AB  - The polypeptide termed somatomedin A (SMA) was isolated from outdated human
      plasma by a new purification procedure, not using acid ethanol extraction.
      Fractions containing SMA were monitored by a placenta radioreceptorassay and a
      radioimmunoassay for SMA. The purification method utilized a microcomputer
      controlled chromatography system, yielding both SMA (identified as insulin-like
      growth factor 1 (IGF-1) or a deamidated derivative) and insulin-like growth
      factor 2 (IGF-2). The first step of CM-Affigel blue adsorbed at neutral pH the
      majority of somatomedins detectable by the radioreceptorassay for SMA. Exclusion
      chromatography on Sephadex G-50 in 0.1 M acetic acid separated this active
      material from albumin and NaCl. Separation between SMA and IGF-2 was achieved on
      two different cation-exchange columns, but not in the final high-performance
      liquid chromatography step. The isoelectric points, determined by
      chromatofocusing, were 8.0 for SMA and 6.2 for IGF-2. The amino acid compositions
      of the two isolated peptides were indistinguishable from the known compositions
      of IGF-1 and IGF-2. Sequence analysis up to position 39 of the peptide with a pI
      of 6.2 also proved identity with IGF-2 for all positions examined. The peptide
      with a pI of 8.0, corresponding to SMA, was degraded directly as well as after
      CNBr cleavage. The results show that it is identical to IGF-1, with the possible
      exception of acid/amide assignment, which could correspond to a deamidation. If
      occurring in the native preparation before analysis, it could explain the
      chromatographic properties and isoelectric point of SMA versus IGF-1 isolated by
      other techniques.

PMID- 6381053
TI  - Hysteretic behaviour of citrate synthase. Site-directed limited proteolysis.
AB  - Limited proteolysis of citrate synthase by Astacus protease, chymotrypsin,
      clostripain, subtilisin and trypsin on primary fragmentation all yielded
      similarly sized large (Mr 35 000-36 000) and small fragments (Mr 13 500-14 000)
      but endoproteinase Lys-C gave fragments of Mr 40 500 and Mr 6500. The sites of
      the proteolytic attack were determined by Edman degradation of the fragmented
      synthase preparations, Chymotrypsin, subtilisin, trypsin and endoproteinase Lys-C
      hydrolyse the synthase at positions 323-324 (-Leu-Arg-), 321-322 (-Ala-Val-)/322
      323 (-Val-Leu-), 313-314 (-Arg-Val-) and 366-367 (-Lys-Ala-), respectively.
      Chymotrypsin and subtilisin attack the small domain of the synthase at the loop
      between helices O and P very near to a catalytic residue, His-320, and abolish
      all synthase activities. Primary fragmentation by endoproteinase Lys-C and
      trypsin reduces the catalytic activity in the physiological overall reaction.
      Both fragmented enzyme species catalyse the hydrolysis and C-C bond cleavage
      reactions of citryl-CoA in a stimulated fashion compared to the steady-state
      rates of the native enzyme, and without hysteretic behaviour. The proteolytic
      cleavage occurs at acetyl-CoA binding sites within the small domain at the loops
      connecting helices O to P (trypsin) and Q to R (endoproteinase Lys-C) and reduces
      the affinity of acetyl-CoA. All of the altered kinetic properties of the
      fragmented enzyme species are related to this reduced affinity. The correlation
      between structure and function indicated above is strengthened by the unaltered
      affinity of oxaloacetate towards the fragmented synthase species. None of the
      proteolytic enzymes applied attacks oxaloacetate binding sites as defined by the
      structural work. Oxaloacetate inhibits the hydrolysis of citryl-CoA by the
      fragmented synthases (endoproteinase Lys-C, trypsin) competitively. An
      explanation is proposed. The isolated small and large fragments (endoproteinase
      Lys-C, trypsin) were enzymically inactive. Enzymic activity was restored on
      recombination of the fragments under denaturing conditions. Cleavage of the loops
      between helices O to P and Q to R by sequential fragmentation with endoproteinase
      Lys-C and trypsin inactivated the synthase completely. This result lends support
      to the idea that the open and closed crystal forms of the structural work are
      interconverted during the catalytic cycle.

PMID- 6381054
TI  - Effect of P and A site substrates on the binding of a macrolide to ribosomes.
      Analysis of the puromycin-induced stimulation.
AB  - The puromycin-induced stimulation of [3H]dihydrorosaramicin binding is due to a
      twofold increase in affinity of the macrolide antibiotic, with no change in the
      number of binding sites. Conversely, the binding of [3H]puromycin (A site) is
      stimulated by rosaramicin. The synergistic effect observed between the two
      antibiotics can be explained by a conformational change with positive effect,
      which occurs at the level of their binding sites. Various effectors of
      [3H]dihydrorosaramicin binding have been tested. Adenosine and dimethyladenosine
      stimulate the binding; phenylalanine, uridine and gougerotin (A site) have no
      effect whereas AMP, ADP, ATP, GTP, puromycin 5'-phosphate and lincomycin (P site)
      are inhibitors. These results point to the importance of the purine moiety in the
      stimulatory effect and of the phosphate function in reversing this effect. It is
      concluded that rosaramicin binds to the ribosomal P site and that the synergism
      observed between rosaramicin and puromycin may be related to interactions between
      the A and P sites.

PMID- 6381055
TI  - Luminescence studies on the conformational behavior of horse-liver alcohol
      dehydrogenase.
AB  - The luminescence quenching and conformational behaviour of alcohol dehydrogenase
      from horse liver upon substrate binding has been studied. It was shown that the
      binding of NADH and NAD+ to the enzyme resulted in the quenching of Trp-314
      luminescence, whereas the luminescence of Trp-15 was not quenched. In this case
      nonradiating energy transfer from Trp-314 to NADH was observed. An essential
      energy transfer from Trp-15 to NADH and between the two Trp-314 residues of both
      subunits of the enzyme was not revealed. The quenching of the enzyme luminescence
      upon NAD+ binding was caused mainly, by NAD+ reduction to NADH. It was assumed
      that the release of the proton upon NAD+ binding occurred due to the reduction.
      Binding of ethanol, ADP or adenosine did not result in essential conformational
      changes of the enzyme.

PMID- 6381056
TI  - 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase of Klebsiella pneumoniae. 1.
      Purification and properties.
AB  - The shikimate pathway enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase
      (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase, EC 2.5.1.19) has been purified to
      apparent homogeneity from Aerobacter aerogenes, strain 62-1 (= Klebsiella
      pneumoniae ATCC 25306). A 3300-fold purification of the enzyme was achieved by
      ammonium sulfate fractionation, heat precipitation, chromatography on DEAE
      cellulose, Sephadex G-75, and cellulose phosphate, and chromatofocusing as the
      final step. The recovery was 49%. An apparent relative molecular mass of 32400
      was determined by calibrated gel filtration, while a single peptide chain of Mr =
      42900 was found by sodium dodecyl sulfate/acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The
      isoelectric point was determined to be at pH 4.6. Two distinct pH optima (pH 5.4
      and 6.8) were observed for the enzyme-catalyzed formation of EPSP from
      phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and shikimate 3-phosphate(S3P). For the reverse
      reaction, the pH optima were 5.6 and 7.6. No evidence for a metal cofactor was
      found. While the temperature optimum was at 60 degrees C, the activation energies
      were calculated to be 54.2 kJ/mol for the forward, and 64.1 kJ/mol for the
      reverse reaction. At low PEP and S3P concentrations, anions acted as activators
      of EPSP synthase at low concentrations, and as inhibitors at high concentrations.
      Non-linear Lineweaver-Burk plots were interpreted to result from the activation
      of EPSP synthase by its anionic substrates. The following dissociation constants
      were determined for the respective enzyme-substrate complexes: forward reaction:
      43 microM (PEP) and 22 microM (S3P); reverse reaction: 1.3 microM (EPSP) and 2.6
      mM (Pi). The kinetic patterns indicate a random sequential mechanism for the
      forward reaction.

PMID- 6381057
TI  - 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase of Klebsiella pneumoniae 2.
      Inhibition by glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine].
AB  - The broad-spectrum, non-selective herbicide glyphosate [N
      (phosphonomethyl)glycine] is a potent inhibitor of highly purified 5
      enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase (3-phosphoshikimate 1
      carboxyvinyltransferase, EC 2.5.1.19) of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The inhibition is
      competitive with phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) with Ki = 1 microM at pH 6.8 and non
      competitive with shikimate 3-phosphate, EPSP, and inorganic phosphate. Non
      herbicidal analogues of glyphosate, such as aminomethylphosphonic acid, bis-N
      (phosphonomethyl)glycine and iminodiacetic acid, do not inhibit the enzyme.
      Inhibition of EPSP synthase by glyphosate strongly increases with increasing pH.
      Glyphosate protects the enzyme against inactivation by phenylglyoxal, 3
      bromopyruvate, and N-ethylmaleimide. It is proposed that glyphosate binds to the
      PEP-binding site of EPSP synthase as a transition-state analogue of PEP. Other
      PEP-utilizing enzymes were not found to be subject to inhibition by glyphosate.

PMID- 6381058
TI  - Enzymatic preparation of an immunostimulant, the disaccharide-dipeptide, N-acetyl
      beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1----4)-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-is ogl utamine, from a
      bacterial peptidoglycan.
AB  - The disaccharide-dipeptide N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1----4)-N-acetylmuramyl
      L-alanyl-D-isog lut amine has been obtained by an enzymatic degradation of the
      peptidoglycan of Actinomadura R39. The peptidoglycan was hydrolyzed successively
      by the three following enzymes: lysozyme, DD-carboxypeptidase from Streptomyces
      albus G and gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate endopeptidase I from Bacillus
      sphaericus 9602. The by-products of the last reaction were eliminated by
      successive ion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatographies. Both chemical
      analysis and mass spectrometry show that the resulting disaccharide-dipeptide is
      a pure compound.

PMID- 6381059
TI  - Betaine in the treatment of homocystinuria due to 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate
      reductase deficiency.
AB  - In a 3-year-old mentally retarded girl with homocystinuria due to 5,10
      methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency among different therapeutic
      approaches only treatment with betaine (15-20 g/day) resulted in a satisfactory
      biochemical response. Betaine improved homocysteine remethylation and thus
      lowered plasma homocystine to trace amounts and normalized the previously very
      low plasma methionine concentration. This biochemical response was associated
      with a clinical improvement although she remained mentally retarded.

PMID- 6381060
TI  - Correlation between serum antibody-levels against group B streptococci and
      gestational age in newborns.
AB  - Sera from 33 newborn infants with gestational ages ranging from 27 to 41 weeks
      were tested by radioimmunoassay for IgG antibodies to surface antigens of group B
      streptococci (GBS) types Ia, Ib, II and III. Antibody levels to GBS antigens were
      positively correlated to gestational age and birthweight. However, only the
      correlations for anti-Ia and anti-II antibody levels reached statistical
      significance. Mean antibody concentrations in infants below 34 weeks of gestation
      were significantly lower for type Ia (P less than 0.001), type II (P less than
      0.001) and type III (P = 0.05) than in infants above this limit. These findings
      might explain the higher rate of serious GBS-infections found among prematures as
      compared to full-term infants.

PMID- 6381062
TI  - Rapidly progressive subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: an ultrastructural and
      immunoperoxidase study.
AB  - A case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) in a 20-year-old male who
      died within 2 months, is described. Light microscopy revealed massive neuronal
      loss, reactive gliosis, perivascular cuffing and intranuclear (Cowdry type A) and
      intracytoplasmic inclusions. Immunocytochemical stain with the complement-fixing
      measles antibody was positive for intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions.
      The reactive glia cells were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein.
      Electron microscopy revealed a paramyxovirus-like structure of the nucleocapsids,
      occasionally showing a 'fuzzy' appearance in the cytoplasm. Crystal-like
      intracytoplasmic inclusions were also seen. The inclusions occurred in
      oligodendroglia cells, astrocytes and neurons. This case illustrates a rapidly
      progressive form of SSPE which, in some aspects, differs from the chronic form
      and resembles acute measles encephalitis.

PMID- 6381063
TI  - Role of metabolic overload in the initiation of DNA synthesis following partial
      hepatectomy in the rat.
AB  - Changes in hepatic ATP energy charge (EC = ATP +0.5 ADP/ATP + ADP AMP) as an
      expression of metabolic overload and oxidative phosphorylation were studied
      conjointly with DNA synthesis after partial hepatectomy (PH) in the male rat. ATP
      and EC showed a significant decrease while mitochondrial phosphorylative activity
      was enhanced within 24 h. Confronted with the pattern of DNA synthesis, the above
      changes were clearly separated in time from the actual process of DNA synthesis.
      Fasting delayed the recovery of EC as well as the peak value in the rate of
      thymidine incorporation. Extended glucose infusion prevented the drop of ATP
      during the entire period of treatment and considerably reduced fat infiltration
      and glycogen breakdown. In these glucose-infused rats, unchanged blood sugar was
      associated with tendency for plasma insulin to rise and suppression of the usual
      posthepatectomy hyperglucagonemia. With these metabolic and hormonal changes, an
      important delay in the onset and modification of the whole pattern of DNA
      synthesis were observed. The latter process began consistently only after a late
      fall of ATP which followed the cessation of glucose infusion. It is suggested
      that changes in energy metabolism, taken as an expression of hepatocyte metabolic
      overload following PH, account for the early events involved in the initiation of
      DNA synthesis, and probably regulate hepatocyte response to systemic
      hepatotrophic factors.

PMID- 6381064
TI  - Preclinical studies on toxicity, antitumour activity and pharmacokinetics of
      cisplatin and three recently developed derivatives.
AB  - Preclinical studies were performed in mice, rats and dogs of cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP) and its derivatives cis-1,1-di(aminomethyl)
      cyclohexane platinum(II) sulphate (TNO-6), cis-diammine-1,1
      cyclobutanedicarboxylate platinum(II) (CBDCA) and cis-dichloro, trans
      dihydroxybis-isopropylamine platinum(IV) (CHIP). In mice toxicity and antitumour
      activity were determined. All three derivatives were at least as toxic as CDDP
      for haemopoietic stem cells and were less active than CDDP against the mouse
      tumours leukaemia L1210 and osteosarcoma C22LR. Toxicology studies in rats
      revealed no renal toxicity after a single dose of TNO-6. Fractionated doses of
      TNO-6 and CBDCA did cause renal toxicity but less than CDDP. CHIP produced little
      or no kidney damage. In dogs, TNO-6 (1.5 mg/kg) produced more severe kidney
      damage--although this was reversible--than CDDP (2 mg/kg). Half-lives of
      distribution were 4.0-5.1 min for TNO-6 and 9.7 min for CDDP, while half-lives of
      elimination were 3.6-6.6 days and 5.9 days respectively. Plasma levels,
      normalized for the dose, were at least two times higher after TNO-6 than after
      CDDP. Twelve weeks after drug administration, plasma levels were undetectable,
      while tissue concentrations could still be measured. The platinum concentration
      in kidney cortex was higher after CDDP than after TNO-6.

PMID- 6381061
TI  - Long-term follow-up of children with craniopharyngioma.
AB  - Management of craniopharyngiomas is still controversial. 28 children with this
      tumor were studied. GH deficiency was present in 22 patients following surgery,
      10 of these GH-lacking patients had normal or accelerated growth (usually
      associated with rapid weight gain) postoperatively. Somatomedin levels were
      normal in three of six normally growing patients. After craniotomy their basal
      and TRH-stimulated prolactin levels were in the normal range, but their insulin
      secretion was markedly increased. Postoperatively there was a significant
      correlation between peak insulin levels following arginine infusion and growth
      velocity in all patients. Complete tumor removal could be performed in 28% of our
      patients. Altogether 36% of all patients had at least one tumor recurrence.
      Recent literature with the addition of our series showed tumor recurrence in 22%
      of patients with "total" tumor excision and in 72% of patients with partial tumor
      removal. Radiotherapy seems to be capable of destroying craniopharyngioma tissue.
      The recurrence rate was only 26% in patients with subtotal excision plus
      radiotherapy. Unless radical tumor removal can be attempted with safety, subtotal
      tumor removal plus radiotherapy appears to be the treatment of choice for
      craniopharyngioma.

PMID- 6381065
TI  - A trial of intravenous and oral mexiletine in acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Intravenous and oral mexiletine prophylaxis was compared with lignocaine
      supplemented placebo in a single blind trial in 240 high-risk patients with acute
      myocardial infarction. Although atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia
      and ventricular extrasystoles occurred less frequently in the mexiletine treated
      patients, ventricular tachycardia and primary ventricular fibrillation were not
      prevented. Mortality at 6 weeks was less in the mexiletine group (19%) than
      placebo (27%) but not significantly so (0.2 greater than p greater than 0.1). An
      80% chance of showing a significant difference would require 860 high-risk
      patients. Low plasma mexiletine levels after 3 h treatment were due to
      diamorphine and may explain failure to prevent major arrhythmias. Pretreatment
      with intravenous metoclopramide tended to reverse this effect of diamorphine.

PMID- 6381066
TI  - Unusually restricted anti-isotype human immune response to OKT3 monoclonal
      antibody.
AB  - The unusual anti-mouse immunoglobulin (Ig) sensitization of a renal allograft
      recipient who was treated prophylactically with the anti-T cell monoclonal
      antibody OKT3 (IgG2a) is reported. Whereas in most patients, the injection of
      OKT3 (5 mg/day, i.v. for 13 days) induces the rapid appearance of neutralizing
      anti-OKT3 antibodies, the patient reported here did not show the signs of
      conventional anti-OKT3 sensitization. High levels of circulating OKT3 persisted
      and no OKT3+ lymphocytes reappeared during the whole treatment period. Moreover,
      no IgG or IgM anti-OKT3 antibodies were detected at any time, using a specific
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. However, an atypical anti-isotype response was
      evidenced in this subject whose Ig were shown by indirect fluorescence to bind to
      normal T cells coated with OKT3 or with other anti-T cell murine monoclonal
      antibodies carrying the IgG2a isotype (no reactivity was observed with IgG1 or
      IgG2b molecules). The patient's Ig did not bind to normal T cells coated with
      F(ab')2 fragments of OKT3 and did not inhibit the binding of OKT3 to its target
      antigen indicating that they reacted with the Fc fragment of the OKT3 molecule.
      Additionally, and probably explained by this unusual anti-OKT3 response, the
      patient's Ig were shown to inhibit the phytohemagglutinin-induced proliferation
      of normal lymphocytes, to bind under selected in vitro conditions to normal T
      cells and lastly to enhance the antigenic modulation induced in vitro by OKT3 on
      its membrane receptor.

PMID- 6381067
TI  - [History of the development of laboratory animal science in Japan--recollections
      of a laboratory animal scientist].

PMID- 6381068
TI  - [Histopathology of mammary tumors in mice and rats].

PMID- 6381069
TI  - [Comparative studies on the cardiac function in several species of vertebrates].

PMID- 6381070
TI  - [Recent informations on diagnosis and epizootiological features of Mycoplasma
      pulmonis infection in mice and rats].

PMID- 6381071
TI  - Effect of body posture on the serum potassium response to glucose in healthy
      subjects, diabetics and hyperthyroid patients.
AB  - Administration of glucose induces normally a decrease in serum potassium, though
      exceptionally a paradoxcial increase (PGIH) may occur. The effect of posture on
      glucose-induced serum potassium changes in health and disease has not been
      previously studied. We have investigated the influence of changes in body posture
      on the different serum potassium responses to glucose in various groups of 47
      subjects. We have found a smaller decrease in serum potassium in the upright
      position than in the recumbent one in 20 healthy subjects and in 12 non-insulin
      dependent diabetics, but no significant difference in hyperthyroidism. The
      variable effect of posture on glucose-induced insulin secretion in the various
      groups of subjects did not provide explanation for the postural inhibition of the
      normal serum potassium response to glucose. A tendency to PGIH was found in a
      small number of diabetics. Although PGIH was completely reversed by DOC the
      normal postural difference between serum potassium curves was uneffected. It was
      concluded that change in the body posture has a definite influence on the glucose
      induced decrease in serum potassium in normal people and is not mediated by
      insulin and/or aldosterone; PGIH develops in the upright position more easily
      than recumbency; exact serum potassium changes after glucose loading can be
      explored only by adequate standardization and carrying out both recumbent and
      upright measurements.

PMID- 6381072
TI  - Heterogeneity of insulin response in relatives of type-I and type-II diabetics.
AB  - In 30 first-degree relatives (siblings or children) of type-I diabetics and 17
      relatives (children) of type-II diabetics as well as in 19 healthy subjects a two
      hour glucose infusion test (GIT, 12 mg/kg b.w./min) primed by a starting bolus of
      0.33 g/kg b.w. was performed to evaluate carbohydrate tolerance (CHT) and insulin
      secretion pattern. After 4 to 5 years the test was repeated and the results were
      compared with those of the initial GIT. The glucose-stimulated insulin response
      of the early secretion phase (0--5 min) decreased during the follow-up study in
      relatives of type-II diabetics with normal CHT (in tendency) and with glucose
      intolerance (p less than 0.05) but not in relatives of type-I diabetics. A
      rightward shift of the glucose-insulin response curve was seen in the former
      group. Relatives of type-II diabetics with impaired CHT showed a striking
      abnormality in B-cell responsiveness. In relatives of type-I diabetics a
      disturbed glucose-insulin response curve could not be observed. The insulin
      response during the late phase of insulin secretion did not differ significantly
      among the groups. The conclusion drawn from our findings is that responsiveness
      of pancreatic B-cells seems to be directly affected genetically in first-degree
      relatives of type-II but not of type-I diabetics. Thus, diabetes mellitus cannot
      be regarded as one disorder with a similar genetic background.

PMID- 6381073
TI  - Metabolic and hormonal responses during a glucose controlled insulin infusion
      (Biostator) in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance.
AB  - The short-term effect of the glucose-controlled insulin infusion system (GCIIS)
      Biostator on metabolic and hormonal responses was studied in 10 non-obese
      subjects with glucose intolerance and insulin low response to glucose. Glucose
      tolerance characterized by means of a 2 h glucose infusion test (12 mg/kg/min)
      primed by i.v. injection of 0.33 g glucose/kg body weight was completely
      normalized by GCIIS. Results provide further support that normalization of
      glucose tolerance by means of GCIIS is accompanied by peripheral
      hyperinsulinaemia if compared with 33 non-obese healthy controls. Glucose-induced
      endogenous insulin secretion (C-peptide) was significantly reduced during the
      GCIIS study possibly due to inhibition of insulin secretion by exogenous insulin
      and/or by lower blood glucose concentration after normalization of glucose
      tolerance. Acute normalization of glucose tolerance in these patients failed to
      alter pancreatic glucagon, NEFA and glycerol responses but normalized paradoxical
      growth hormone response to glucose.

PMID- 6381074
TI  - The nerve growth factor. Established findings and controversial aspects.

PMID- 6381075
TI  - Isolation and characterization of vitamin-A-storing lung cells.
AB  - Vitamin A-storing cells have been shown to be distributed among various organs
      and tissues, including the lungs. In order to investigate this unique type of
      cell, the in vitro isolation has been carried out from rat lungs. Lungs were
      perfused with EGTA and collagenase solution in situ, and were digested with
      trypsin-collagenase solution at 60-min intervals for 2 h. Then, the cell
      suspensions obtained were incubated at 37 degrees C in F-10 medium supplemented
      with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 72 h. Non-adherent cells were then removed
      by vigorous washing with medium, and the resultant cell monolayer was harvested
      with trypsin to remove the contaminating macrophages. These cell fractions were
      shown to contain more than 96% of vitamin A-storing cells, judged by electron and
      fluorescence microscopic examinations. The cells grown in vitro retained well the
      overall morphology characteristic of the vitamin A-storing cells found in lung
      tissues. The isolated cells grew well in vitro and the growth was inhibited by D
      valine or cis-hydroxyproline. The progeny of the cells still contained vitamin A
      lipid droplets after several transfer generations. Characteristic networks of
      fibronectin were also demonstrated around the cells. These results have shown
      that vitamin A-storing cells in the lung was successfully isolated from rat lungs
      and the cells possessed fibroblast-like characters storing vitamin A in small
      lipid droplets.

PMID- 6381076
TI  - Reactivation of avian erythrocyte nuclei in mammalian cytoplasts. A dominant role
      for pre-existing cytoplasmic components.
AB  - Antibodies and inhibitors have been used to study the process of nuclear
      reactivation following the fusion of chick erythrocytes with mouse L cell
      cytoplasts. Immunofluorescence results showed that a monoclonal antibody against
      a DNA 'tight-binding' protein from HeLa chromatin as well as an anti-Sm human
      serum failed to bind to the unreactivated erythrocyte nucleus, but showed strong
      binding after fusion. The development of antibody-binding sites was affected
      neither by alpha-amanitin nor by cycloheximide, indicating that some of the
      processes of reactivation, including specific protein uptake are independent of
      DNA and RNA synthesis. These results are discussed in terms of the role of the
      chick nucleus in directing the reactivation process.

PMID- 6381077
TI  - Developmental characteristics of somatic cell hybrids between totipotent mouse
      teratocarcinoma and rat intestinal villus cells.
AB  - Hybrids between mouse PCC4-azal teratocarcinoma cells and rat epithelial
      intestinal villus cells (PCI hybrids) are phenotypically teratocarcinoma cells.
      They express several teratocarcinoma-specific traits but do not express functions
      specific for differentiated cells. Tumour formation is partially or completely
      suppressed. Some of the hybrids show more extensive differentiation both in vitro
      and in vivo than the PCC4-azal parental line. The hybrids are capable of endoderm
      formation in monolayer cultures and of the formation of embryoid bodies in
      suspension cultures. Two of the tumour-forming hybrids generate derivatives of
      all three germ layers, whereas differentiation in the PCC4-azal tumours is
      restricted to the formation of primitive neuronal tissues.

PMID- 6381078
TI  - Postnatal development of serotonin-accumulating neurones in the rabbit retina and
      an immunohistochemical analysis of the uptake and release of serotonin.
AB  - The serotonin-accumulating neurones in the rabbit and bovine retina were studied
      with the use of immunohistochemistry to localize serotonin. It was established
      that a subpopulation of amacrine cells in both tissues has the ability to take up
      and store serotonin. The uptake process is very specific; known serotonergic
      uptake blockers, viz. chlorimipramine and Lilly 110140, abolish transport, while
      benztropine, a dopamine-uptake blocker, is ineffectual. The serotonin accumulated
      by the serotonergic neurones can be released by potassium depolarization in a
      calcium-dependent manner. All these results form a strong case for serotonin
      being a likely transmitter in the mammalian retina. The subpopulation of
      serotonin-accumulating neurones in the rabbit retina appears to be determined
      prenatally, as they can be observed immediately after birth. On the basis of the
      serotonin content in retinas from animals of different ages, it is suggested that
      the serotonin-accumulating cells mature around the 24th postnatal day. The same
      maturation period has been proposed for the rabbit retinal dopamine cells (Lam et
      al., 1981).

PMID- 6381079
TI  - A cytoskeletal protein unique to lens fiber cell differentiation.
AB  - A chick lens urea-soluble polypeptide of estimated mol. wt. 49 000 daltons is
      unique to fiber cell differentiation and is a component of the beaded-chain
      filaments of the chick cytoskeleton. Antigenically related proteins are also
      present in the human and bovine lens. There is no similarity between this protein
      and actin as determined by immunological analysis and two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis.

PMID- 6381080
TI  - Positive expiratory pressure (PEP) as lung physiotherapy in cystic fibrosis: a
      pilot study.
AB  - Positive expiratory pressure (PEP) on a face mask was compared with conventional
      lung physiotherapy in 12 patients with cystic fibrosis. Residual volume (p less
      than 0.02) and functional residual capacity (NS) was reduced and vital capacity
      increased (NS) during 6-9 months of PEP treatment. The subjective sputum
      production was significantly greater during the PEP period. PEP is easy to
      administer and is inexpensive.

PMID- 6381081
TI  - Improving the ketchup bottle method with positive expiratory pressure, PEP, in
      cystic fibrosis.
AB  - We studied the acute effects of 4 different chest physical therapy regimens using
      a randomised cross-over design in 14 patients with cystic fibrosis. Treatment A
      consisted of postural drainage, percussion and vibration; treatment B of postural
      drainage and periodic application of a face mask with positive expiratory
      pressure (PEP); treatment C of PEP in the sitting position; treatment D of the
      forced expiration technique in the sitting position. In terms of sputum
      expectorated, treatments B and C were superior to treatment D and especially to
      treatment A (p less than 0.05). Skin oxygen tension, PSO2 was monitored
      continuously during and for 35 min after treatment. A substantial and prolonged
      decay in PSO2 was observed during treatment A, quite different from other
      patterns seen. During and even following treatment C, an increase in PSO2 was
      noted. PEP was well accepted by the patients, who preferred treatment C, and we
      suggest it is incorporated in chest physical therapy regimens if the therapeutic
      objective is to increase expectoration.

PMID- 6381082
TI  - Variability in the secretory IgA system in sputum sol phase in stable chronic
      obstructive bronchitis.
AB  - Within and between patient variability in the sputum sol phase secretory IgA
      system was studied in 31 patients with clinically stable chronic obstructive
      bronchitis. Within patient coefficients of variation (CV) were similar for
      secretory component (SC), free secretory component (FSC), total immunoglobulin A
      (IgA) and the immunological amount of IgA present in its dimeric (11S) form
      (average CV 32%). The immunological proportion of IgA present in the dimeric form
      was about 70% of the total and relatively constant (average CV 7%). Between
      patients, variability was greater but also similar for SC, FSC, total IgA and the
      amount of dimeric IgA (average CV 50%). The proportion of IgA present in dimeric
      form was again less variable (CV 21.1%). 'Standardisation' of samples, using
      protein ratios to either albumin or the 'local' components of the secretory IgA
      system, did not produce variability. Furthermore, the effect of such
      standardisation was to increase the between patient variability for total IgA and
      FSC (2p less than 0.01). However, despite this variability, 4 patients studied
      previously remained clearly distinct, suggesting defects of the secretory IgA
      system. The methods described provide a means of identifying such patients.

PMID- 6381083
TI  - 5-HT-Immunoreactive fibers in the trigeminal nuclear complex of the rat.
AB  - The distribution of serotonin immunoreactive (5-HT-IR) fibers in the trigeminal
      nuclear complex of the rat was mapped. In the sensory nuclei, innervation
      appeared to be dense in areas primarily related to nociceptive afferent activity,
      and sparse in areas primarily related to nonnociceptive afferent activity.
      Specifically, the marginal and gelatinosa layers of the spinal subnucleus
      caudalis contained many 5-HT-IR fibers while few labeled fibers were seen in the
      magnocellular portion of subnucleus caudalis or in the principal sensory nucleus.
      The spinal subnuclei oralis and interpolaris were sparsely innervated except for
      a few areas which contained more 5-HT-IR fibers. The motor nucleus contained as
      many immunoreactive fibers as the subnucleus caudalis, although fibers in the
      motor nucleus were thicker and varicosities more irregularly spaced than in
      caudalis.

PMID- 6381085
TI  - Correlation between pulvinar-lateralis posterior complex unit activity and eye
      movements in the cat.
AB  - In 15 encephale isole cats, 130 units were recorded in the pulvinar-lateralis
      posterior complex (P-LP); 19 units responded in relation to horizontal eye
      movements (15%), 9 of which discharged when ipsiversive movements were recorded
      and the remaining 10 to contraversive movements. Three units discharged during
      spontaneous nystagnoid eye movement. All units always responded after initiation
      of the eye movement, with a latency range between 50 and 250 ms. The eye movement
      related units were preferentially located (80%) in the border between the
      pulvinar and the lateralis posterior complex. Our results show the presence of
      eye movement-related units in the cat's P-LP, and their probable participation in
      ocular motility.

PMID- 6381084
TI  - Ultrastructure and synaptic relations of neural elements containing glutamic acid
      decarboxylase (GAD) in the perigeniculate nucleus of the cat. A light and
      electron microscopic immunocytochemical study.
AB  - The perigeniculate nucleus of the cat (PGN) was examined at light and electron
      microscopic levels after immunocytochemical labeling for the gamma-aminobutyric
      acid (GABA) synthesizing enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). In light
      microscopic sections, virtually all perikarya were found to be labeled (GAD+), as
      well as proximal dendrites, fibres and punctiform elements. Cells in the thalamic
      reticular nucleus (TRN) dorsal to PGN were also labeled. Ultrastructural analysis
      of PGN showed immunoreactivity in all somata, in dendrites and in the following
      vesicle containing profiles: 1.) F1 terminals, which are characterized by large
      size, dark mitochondria, and pleomorphic vesicles. These terminals form
      symmetrical synaptic contacts with somata, somatic spines and with dendrites of
      GAD+ PGN cells. 2.) F2 terminals, which are smaller than F1 terminals, contain
      also pleomorphic vesicles and frequently make serial synapses of the symmetric
      type with other F2 terminals. Presumably, F1 terminals are formed by collaterals
      of PGN-cell axons and F2 terminals by vesicle containing dendrites of PGN cells.
      Terminals devoid of immunoreactivity included: 1.) RLD terminals characterized by
      large size, round vesicles, dark mitochondria, and by asymmetric synaptic
      contacts with somata, especially with somatic spines, and with dendrites of GAD+
      perigeniculate neurons; 2.) RSD terminals, characterized by small size, round
      vesicles and dark mitochondria, which make asymmetric synapses with GAD+
      dendrites of medium and small size; 3.) Multivesicular (MV) terminals with
      variably shaped vesicles including dense core vesicles synapsing on GAD+
      dendrites. There are reasons to believe that RSD terminals belong to corticofugal
      axons and RLD terminals to collateral axons of LGN relay cells. The origin of MV
      terminals remains to be determined. The GABAergic nature of the PGN cells
      conforms with the presumed function of these cells as mediators of inhibition of
      LGN relay cells. The complex synaptic relations observed between GAD+ elements in
      the PGN would allow for reciprocal inhibition between perigeniculate cells.

PMID- 6381086
TI  - Drug metabolism in spontaneously diabetic guinea pigs.
AB  - Both sexes of spontaneously diabetic guinea pigs exhibit hyperinsulinemia
      (greater than 4-fold normal). This diabetic state is associated with the
      inhibition of hepatic drug metabolism in males but not females.

PMID- 6381087
TI  - Bombesin-like immunoreactivity in the pancreas of man and other mammalian
      species.
AB  - Bombesin-like immunoreactivity has been measured in pancreatic tissues of man
      (12.4 +/- 1.2 pmol/g), pig (15.8 +/- 3.2), calf (4.3 +/- 0.9), rat (8.5 +/- 1.2)
      and guinea-pig (2.8 +/- 0.6) by a specific radioimmunoassay. Gel filtration of
      the pancreatic extracts revealed 2 major immunoreactive peaks: the earlier peak
      was eluted in the position of porcine gastrin-releasing peptide, and the later
      peak was eluted just after the amphibian bombesin standard. Immunocytochemistry
      demonstrated the presence of bombesin-like immunoreactivity in nerves in the rat
      pancreas, particularly in the exocrine pancreas, and occasionally in the peri
      insular spaces. Isolated rat pancreatic islets were found to contain small
      quantities of bombesin-like immunoreactivity (0.037 +/- 0.003 fmol/islet)
      suggesting that mammalian bombesin-like peptides may be involved in the
      regulation of endocrine as well as exocrine pancreatic secretion.

PMID- 6381088
TI  - Enzymatic profile of Kluyvera species.
AB  - Kluyvera, a proposed genus formerly known as Enteric group 8, was found to have
      similar enzyme profiles among the present 3 groups. Kluyvera species group 3
      showed the most heterogeneous enzyme reactions.

PMID- 6381089
TI  - Recent advances in molecular pathology. The effects of hypertension on the
      arterial wall.
AB  - Hypertension is a major risk factor for clinically significant atherosclerotic
      vascular disease in Western Society, although the link between these conditions
      remains very poorly understood. Recent studies which are reviewed here have
      demonstrated that major arterial intimal and medial abnormalities occur as a
      result of hypertension. These include functional changes in endothelial
      permeability as well as alterations in the endothelial cells themselves with an
      increase in their turnover and number and distinct changes in morphology.
      However, endothelial cell loss leading to denudation of the arterial intimal
      surface appears to be relatively uncommon. Intimal and medial thickening are
      consistent features of hypertension and result from increases in both cellular
      and extracellular components. The cells accumulating in the subendothelial space
      appear to be of both blood-borne and medial origins, although their complete
      characterization has not been performed as yet. The adherence of blood cells to
      the endothelial surface appears to be promoted by the presence of hypertension
      along with their increased entry into the intima through endothelial cell
      junctions. Medial thickening with hypertension is attributable primarily to
      increased smooth muscle cell mass, although enhanced deposition of collagen and
      elastin plays a contributory role. Recent data would indicate that smooth muscle
      cell hypertrophy rather than hyperplasia is primarily responsible for the greater
      smooth muscle mass with hypertension. Although elevated DNA content of
      hypertensive arteries has been demonstrated, such changes may be secondary to a
      marked increase in cells showing nuclear polyploidy. Prolonged normalization of
      blood pressure in hypertensive animals can produce considerable regression of
      arterial changes toward the control state. The changes appear more marked with
      respect to the cellular rather than the extracellular abnormalities induced by
      hypertension. In man, little is known about the effects of antihypertensive
      therapy on the vasculature itself, although clinical complications related to
      both hemorrhagic or thrombotic strokes are clearly reduced by blood pressure
      reduction. On the other hand, the influence of treatment on the atherosclerotic
      process or on the course of coronary artery disease and its complications is not
      currently understood. The accelerating effect of hypertension on atherosclerosis
      generally requires a critical level of circulating lipoproteins. Enhanced
      atherosclerosis is not observed in hypertensive animals without
      hyperlipoproteinemia or in human subjects with low lipoprotein
      concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6381090
TI  - Effect of acute plasma fibronectin depletion on tissue fibronectin levels:
      analysis by a new fluorescent immunoassay.
AB  - Plasma fibronectin modulates reticuloendothelial (RE) phagocytosis of cellular
      and tissue debris, fibrin microaggregates, and gelatin-coated particulates. An
      antigenically related, but more insoluble form of fibronectin is found in various
      tissues and suspected to play a role in vascular permeability, cell adhesion, and
      wound healing. The current study developed a fluorescent immunoassay which could
      be utilized for the quantification of tissue fibronectin following its extraction
      from tissues. Additionally, the changes in tissue fibronectin induced by the
      intravenous injection of gelatin-coated colloids in rats (300-350 g), which
      acutely depletes the plasma fibronectin level, were also investigated. Injection
      of gelatinized RE test lipid emulsion (50 mg/100 g) depleted the plasma
      fibronectin at 2 hr (80-85% depletion) followed by rebound restoration within 24
      hr as quantified by either electroimmunoassay or fluorescent immunoassay. RES
      system clearance of the test particles from the blood resulted in an acute
      elevation in fibronectin extractable from the liver with a normalization by 48
      hr. In contrast, assay of tissue fibronectin following a single extraction
      revealed a decrease in lung extractable fibronectin within 2 hr following RE
      blockade which persisted for 24-48 hr. Extractable fibronectin in spleen and
      renal tissue was unaltered by RE blockade. This microfluorescent immunoassay may
      provide a sensitive method to quantify fibronectin in small aliquots of tissue.
      Increased hepatic fibronectin most likely reflects interiorization of plasma
      fibronectin during Kupffer cell clearance of the test particles. Decreased lung
      extractable fibronectin may alter lung vascular sensitivity to a subsequent
      septic and/or intravascular coagulation stress. Thus, similar to the labile
      nature of plasma fibronectin, the concentration of fibronectin in various
      tissues, can undergo dynamic alterations.

PMID- 6381092
TI  - Post-harvest losses in quality of food grains.

PMID- 6381091
TI  - The effects of federal funding cuts on family planning services, 1980-1983.
AB  - According to data from surveys conducted in the past two years, some changes
      occurred in the provision of family planning services between 1980, the year
      before the 1981 federal budget cuts, and 1983. Six percent of the family planning
      agencies that were operating in 1980 had closed or had stopped offering medical
      family planning services by 1983. The annual income of the family planning
      agencies that continued to operate, adjusted for inflation, was lower in 1983
      than in 1980. While Title X remains the principal source of family planning
      funding, the proportion of clinics receiving income from Title X declined
      substantially during the period under study; this drop occurred among all types
      of providers. There was a slight decline in the proportion receiving funding from
      the Social Services block grant (formerly Title XX) in 1983, but there was no
      change in the contribution made by the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) block
      grant (formerly Title V). The proportion of total clinic income represented by
      Title XIX (Medicaid) funds rose slightly during this period. Decreases in federal
      funding appear to have been partly offset by an increase in the proportion of
      total income contributed by state and local governments and by private sources,
      particularly patient fees. Indeed, the number of agencies that collected patient
      fees, the proportion of clinic income derived from such fees and the proportion
      of patients who paid at least part of the cost of their family planning services
      all increased between 1980 and 1983. A separate survey of providers shows that
      fees varied widely, depending on a woman's income and on the type of
      agency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6381093
TI  - [N-substituted p-fluorobenzene sulfonamides with antimicrobial activity. I].
AB  - In an extension of the investigations on fluorine derivatives of potential
      pharmacological interest, some new p-fluorobenzensulfonanilides were synthesized
      and screened in vitro against many species of Gram-positive and Gram-negative
      bacteria and against some strains of Candida albicans. Some of these compounds
      exhibited significant antibacterial activity. The relation between activity and
      structure revealed that the presence of chloro and trifluoromethyl groups in the
      aniline ring increases activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The acute
      toxicity in mice was also determined.

PMID- 6381094
TI  - Amino acid sequence round the site of phosphorylation in isocitrate dehydrogenase
      from Escherichia coli ML308.
AB  - Isocitrate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli is regulated by a reversible
      phosphorylation mechanism. We report here the amino acid sequence round the
      phosphorylation site; this is the first such sequence to be reported for a
      bacterial protein kinase. The sequence does not resemble sequences phosphorylated
      by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase.

PMID- 6381095
TI  - An edeine resistant mRNA-dependent protein synthesis system from a Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae mutant.
AB  - A cell-free protein synthesizing system from a mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
      translated exogenous mRNA in the presence of 2 microM edeine, while a similar
      system from wild-type strain was completely inhibited by the drug. The mutant
      ribosomes showed an affinity for [125I]edeine comparable to the wild-type
      ribosomes, thereby suggesting that these macromolecules alone were not
      responsible for the edeine-resistant capacity of the mutant.

PMID- 6381096
TI  - The active site of aspartic proteinases.
AB  - The active site of the aspartic proteinase, endothiapepsin, has been defined by X
      ray analysis and restrained least-squares refinement at 2.1 A resolution with a
      crystallographic agreement value of 0.16. The environments of the two
      catalytically important aspartyl groups are remarkably similar and the
      contributions of the NH2- and COOH-terminal domains to the catalytic centre are
      related by a local 2-fold axis. The carboxylates of the aspartyls share a
      hydrogen bond and have equivalent contacts to a bound water molecule or
      hydroxonium ion lying on the local diad. The main chains around 32 and 215 are
      connected by a novel interaction involving diad-related threonines. It is
      suggested that the two pKa values of the active site aspartyls arise from a
      structure not unlike that in maleic acid with a hydrogen-bonded intermediate
      species and a dicarboxylate characterised by electrostatic repulsions between the
      two negatively charged groups.

PMID- 6381097
TI  - Spatial arrangement of the three alpha helices in the solution conformation of E.
      coli lac repressor DNA-binding domain.
AB  - The relative orientations of the 3 helices in the DNA-binding domain
      ('headpiece') of lac repressor have been determined using distance constraints
      obtained from 2-dimensional 1H nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectra. The
      relative orientations of its helices is similar to that of the central 3 helices
      in the DNA-binding domain of the lambda repressor of the bacteriophage lambda.

PMID- 6381098
TI  - The synthesis of ribosomal RNA and ribosomal protein and their incorporation into
      ribosomes in the uterus of the oestrogen-stimulated immature rat.
AB  - The effect of oestrogen on the synthesis of ribosomal proteins in the uterus of
      the immature rat has been investigated. Stimulated synthesis peaks, at 6-7-times
      control levels, 12 h after a single administration of the hormone. The stimulated
      synthesis and incorporation of newly made proteins into ribosomal particles
      exhibit very similar kinetics. The incorporation of newly made rRNA into
      ribosomes mirrors that of ribosomal protein but lags several hours behind the
      peak of oestrogen-stimulated rRNA synthesis.

PMID- 6381100
TI  - alpha-Allenyl putrescine, an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of bacterial
      and mammalian ornithine decarboxylases.
AB  - alpha-Allenyl putrescine (5,6-heptadiene-1,4-diamine) was designed as a new
      potential enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase
      (ODC). This compound, and more specifically its (R)-enantiomer, produced time
      dependent inhibitions of E. coli and rat liver ODC. The inhibitions exhibit
      saturation kinetics and were not relieved by prolonged dialysis of the
      inactivated enzyme. Selective inactivation of the two types of ODC by the (R)
      enantiomer is in agreement with the stereochemistry reported for ornithine
      decarboxylation by the enzyme. Kinetic constants of E. coli ODC inactivation by
      alpha-(R)-allenyl putrescine compare favorably with other irreversible inhibitors
      of this enzyme.

PMID- 6381099
TI  - Biosynthesis of oxytocin in the corpus luteum.
AB  - In this report we demonstrate that ovine and bovine luteal cells synthesise
      oxytocin by way of a precursor protein similar to that found in the hypothalamus.
      Isolated ovine or bovine luteal cells were incubated for up to 12 h with
      [35S]cysteine. Neurophysin-Sepharose column separation and HPLC of cell extracts
      demonstrated the presence of [35S]oxytocin. Incorporation of [35S]cysteine was
      confirmed by performic acid oxidation. Immunoprecipitation of cell extract with
      anti-rat oxytocin-neurophysin followed by SDS-PAGE yielded 2 radioactive bands of
      14 kDa and 11-12 kDa. Immunoprecipitation with anti-oxytocin yielded 1 band at 14
      kDa. On SDS-PAGE the 14 kDa band had a similar mobility to rat-hypothalamic
      oxytocin precursor.

PMID- 6381101
TI  - The efficacy of postoperative hydrotubation: a randomized prospective multicenter
      clinical trial.
AB  - Term pregnancies following surgery on patients with distal tubal obstruction have
      been disappointingly few. There has been continuing interest in whether
      postoperative hydrotubation increases the rate of pregnancy following
      salpingoneostomy and fimbrioplasty. This hypothesis was tested in a prospective,
      randomized, multicenter clinical trial. Patients with no infertility factors
      other than distal fimbrial disease were randomly assigned to either a control
      group (no hydrotubation, n = 86) or one of two treatment groups (hydrotubation
      with lactated Ringer's solution, n = 60, or lactated Ringer's solution containing
      hydrocortisone, n = 60). The statistical evaluation of differences among
      treatment groups was based on the Cox Proportional Hazards Model, which allows
      for covariable adjustment and for the inclusion of all patients regardless of the
      length of follow-up. A significant difference in the live birth rate could not be
      demonstrated among the groups studied (P = 0.36). The probability of a successful
      live birth among women treated by hydrotubation with hydrocortisone was about one
      half that of the other groups (P = 0.12). Patients with moderate and severe
      disease had a substantially lower probability of pregnancy than those with mild
      disease (P = 0.013 and P = 0.0016, respectively). The probability of pregnancy
      increased somewhat as the number of previous pregnancies increased (P = 0.12). In
      this clinical trial, a beneficial effect following postoperative hydrotubation
      could not be demonstrated.

PMID- 6381102
TI  - Mycoplasmic localization patterns on spermatozoa from infertile men.
AB  - Two mycoplasmas have been observed with increasing frequency in patients with
      genitourinary disorders: Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum.
      Mycoplasma cells of both these species have been demonstrated to be capable of
      attaching to human spermatozoa of infertile patients. The mechanisms for the
      association of infertility and mycoplasma infection have not been established.
      The main objective of this article was to explain the significance of some
      morphologic features of spermatozoa of patients with unexplained infertility
      using light and electron microscopy. These studies and quantitative analysis of
      ureaplasmas in the semen indicate that at least two patterns can be seen.
      Frequently, sphere-shaped particles adhering mainly to the midpiece of
      spermatozoa were detected. In a second, more complex pattern ureaplasmas were
      seen inside a swollen zone on the midpiece, which suggests that the infection
      does not occur in the urethra, but at another unknown site. Furthermore, the
      sphere-shaped particles cannot be associated with ureaplasmas because their
      titers in the semen of infertile patients were much lower than those expected.

PMID- 6381104
TI  - [Basic properties of the nervous system and their role in occupational activity].

PMID- 6381103
TI  - Conception control by vaginal administration of pills containing ethinyl
      estradiol and dl-norgestrel.
AB  - One hundred twenty-four women of reproductive age have used vaginal pills
      containing 50 micrograms dl-norgestrel and 35 micrograms ethinyl estradiol to
      prevent conception for periods ranging from 6 to 20 months. One thousand four
      hundred thirty-eight woman-months were recorded. No pregnancies occurred. Cycle
      control was good. Bleeding usually lasted 3 to 5 days, and the interval between
      withdrawal bleeding events was 26 to 30 days in 86% of the cycles. Amenorrhea,
      breakthrough bleeding, and spotting occurred rarely. The continuation rate at 1
      year was 64%.

PMID- 6381105
TI  - [Mechanisms of the development of terminal states and their therapy].

PMID- 6381106
TI  - [Function of the histohematic barriers of the oral mucosa and salivary glands in
      dogs with mechanical cholestasis].

PMID- 6381107
TI  - Lucie Young Kelly RN, PhD, FAAN: dedicated to the advancement of nursing.

PMID- 6381108
TI  - [Structural aspects of the regulatory mechanisms of vascular reactions].
AB  - Using antisera against serotonin (5-OT) and neurotensin (NT) with
      immunofluorescence, 5-OT-immunoreactive and NT-immunoreactive nerve fibers have
      been detected in the walls of the femoral and pial arteries and intragastric
      arterioles. With electron microscopy, adrenergic and cholinergic axons were found
      in close anatomical proximity to some intragastric capillaries and arterioles. A
      possible role of the detected nerves is being discussed.

PMID- 6381109
TI  - [Vladimir Aleksandrovich Govyrin (on his 60th birthday)].

PMID- 6381110
TI  - Oral implantology today.

PMID- 6381111
TI  - Pathophysiology of gastric emptying in humans.

PMID- 6381112
TI  - [Rational basis for mucogingival surgery: review of the literature].

PMID- 6381113
TI  - [Dentistry from the past. Dentistry in the context of "true and solid
      fundamentals of medicine", as defined by Louis Du Gardin, Professore of the
      University of Douai, under the reign of Albert and Isabella].

PMID- 6381114
TI  - [Dentistry from the past. Dentistry in the context of "true and solid
      fundamentals of medicine", defined by Louis Du Gardin, Professor of the
      University of Douai under the reign of Albert and Isabella (IV)].

PMID- 6381115
TI  - [Surgical technic and the results in free gingival grafts: review of the
      literature].

PMID- 6381116
TI  - [Anatomical preparation of the proximal surfaces of multi-rooted abutment
      elements].

PMID- 6381119
TI  - [Transverse expansion: the orthopedic effect of the Quadhelix].

PMID- 6381118
TI  - [Illustration of a precision technic for the wax-up of partial crowns].

PMID- 6381117
TI  - [Fixed-removable dentures on hydroxyapatite implants using a device for
      paralleling the pins].

PMID- 6381120
TI  - [Dentistry from the past. The history of dental amalgam (I)].

PMID- 6381121
TI  - [Access cavity].

PMID- 6381122
TI  - [The Schultz autogenic training method: a strategy in dental psychotherapy
      (personal contribution)].

PMID- 6381123
TI  - [Dentistry from the past. Who was Servet?].

PMID- 6381124
TI  - [Anesthetics and chemo-antibiotics in dentistry].

PMID- 6381125
TI  - [Surgical technic in endodontics: technico-clinical notes on the incision of the
      mucosa and its suturing].

PMID- 6381126
TI  - [Temporary restorations in fixed dentures].

PMID- 6381128
TI  - [Critical examination of the subject: dental prosthesis hygiene].

PMID- 6381127
TI  - [Dentistry in art. A fresco showing St. Apollonia in the Basilica of Santa Maria
      di Collemaggio in Aquila].

PMID- 6381129
TI  - [Clinical and technical experiences with the anchorage elements of the Preci-line
      system].

PMID- 6381130
TI  - [Cera-platinum anterior crowns. Indications of new methods].

PMID- 6381131
TI  - [Models with dimensionally stable bases also for simultaneous work].

PMID- 6381132
TI  - ["Swab miniatures": masterworks in a small format].

PMID- 6381133
TI  - [The lock: mechanical and manual functional clasps and pin preparations].

PMID- 6381134
TI  - [Is the small step method useful to us? Productivity Training Corporation (PTC)
      from the users' viewpoint].

PMID- 6381135
TI  - [Training the dental technician. Partial and complete relining. 18].

PMID- 6381136
TI  - [The crossbar: critical examination of the telescopic anchor].

PMID- 6381137
TI  - [A reinforced-margin, hollow wax-finished section for a bridge pontic].

PMID- 6381138
TI  - [Accuracy of stone dies for crowns and bridges].

PMID- 6381139
TI  - [Training the dental technician. Construction of a cast partial denture. 19].

PMID- 6381140
TI  - [Precision models and presentation models. Optically pleasing-- anatomically
      correct].

PMID- 6381141
TI  - [Major connector. Construction and statics requirements].

PMID- 6381142
TI  - [The Hofmann all-oral method].

PMID- 6381143
TI  - [Vacuum pressure casting in dental technology. Pouring errors and how they can be
      prevented].

PMID- 6381144
TI  - [Control vs. chaos. The reproduction of natural teeth].

PMID- 6381145
TI  - [Training the dental technician. A study model for the construction of cast
      prostheses. 20. 1: Defined retentive strength].

PMID- 6381146
TI  - Finish lines: keys to quality.

PMID- 6381147
TI  - Immunological and laboratory aspects of treponematoses.

PMID- 6381148
TI  - [Effect of water on UV irradiation and psoriasis].

PMID- 6381149
TI  - [Pimozide therapy in dermatozoon delusion].

PMID- 6381150
TI  - [Hydrocortisone 17-butyrate and hydrocortisone acetate. Comparison in chronic
      eczema].

PMID- 6381151
TI  - Cosmetic dentistry: a positive bond between dentist and patient.

PMID- 6381153
TI  - Precise sectional crown and bridge models by labour-saving methods.

PMID- 6381152
TI  - Smiles for rent.

PMID- 6381154
TI  - Solcoderm treatment of epidermal growths including intradermal nevi.
AB  - Solcoderm was used in the management of various epidermal growths in 372 patients
      with 1,002 lesions, including condyloma acuminatum, verruca plana, basal cell
      epithelioma, intradermal nevus, seborrheic and solar keratosis. No antiseptic
      precautions or local anesthesia were used during the treatment. The results seem
      promising and suggest that Solcoderm is a simple, safe, and efficient method for
      the management of these tumors. Cosmetic results were excellent. It is especially
      recommended when the lesions are in difficult to manage locations for surgical or
      other known chemical or physical methods, when the patient is not fit for
      surgical procedures, and when local anesthesia is contraindicated.

PMID- 6381155
TI  - Topical treatment of condylomata acuminata with Solcoderm.
AB  - Of 85 patients with condylomata acuminata treated topically with Solcoderm, the
      lesions were apparently eradicated in all but 11 (12.9%), and recurrences were
      noted in 6 during a 3-month follow-up. Only 1 treatment was required in 55
      (64.7%) of the treated subjects.

PMID- 6381157
TI  - Differential aspects of Solcoderm therapy as a function of dermatologic
      diagnoses.
AB  - Experience with 265 Solcoderm-treated lesions in 131 patients followed for 1 year
      is the basis of delineating the preferred methods of treating skin tumors with
      this new caustic agent. General principles and diagnosis-specific suggestions are
      presented.

PMID- 6381156
TI  - Treatment of naevi and warts by topical chemotherapy with Solcoderm.
AB  - Solcoderm is a new liquid caustic preparation which is particularly indicated for
      the topical treatment of small cutaneous tumors. The liquid is easy and safe to
      handle. Among its advantages: local anaesthesia is not required and histological
      evaluation of treated skin tumors is possible. We have treated 33 naevocytic
      naevi (13 patients) and 214 viral warts (32 patients) by repeated superficial
      application of the new agent. Recurrences were observed in 3 patients. 2 of them
      had multiple skin warts, suggesting a selective immune deficiency rather than
      incomplete treatment as the prime responsible factor.

PMID- 6381159
TI  - Tooth alteration procedures prior to partial denture construction. Part 1.

PMID- 6381160
TI  - A rapid method for the purification of fatty acid synthetase from the yeast
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - A rapid method for the isolation and purification of small quantities of highly
      active fatty acid synthetase (FAS) from several strains of the yeast
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is presented. The purification procedure which is the
      shortest reported to this date (18 hr), involves the release of the enzyme by
      either cell wall digestion with Zymolyase 60000 or cell wall disruption by glass
      beads, followed by 35-50% ammonium sulfate fractionation, desalting by Sephadex G
      25 chromatography, then calcium phosphate gel treatment, concentration by 50%
      ammonium sulfate precipitation, sedimentation of the enzyme in the
      ultracentrifuge and finally, column chromatography on DEAE Bio-Gel A. Fatty acid
      synthetase prepared by the cell breakage method, was found to be homogeneous
      according to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS
      PAGE), SDS-Tris-glycine disc gel electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis
      criteria. However, enzyme prepared from Zymolyase treated cells showed several
      proteolytic bands in addition to FAS bands, on SDS-PAGE. Enzyme obtained by both
      methods of cell breakage, showed a similar behavior throughout the purification
      procedure and gave a similar yield of enzyme of high specific activity (4800-7200
      nmol/min/mg) that remained stable for several months at -85 degrees C.

PMID- 6381158
TI  - Long-term (5-8 years) follow-up of Solcoderm-treated malignant skin tumors.
AB  - Long-term follow-up shows a low recurrence rate for Solcoderm treated small
      superficial basal cell epithelioma, and a high recurrence rate for larger
      malignant skin lesions.

PMID- 6381161
TI  - Effect of chronic consumption of a high-fat diet on mammary metabolism.
AB  - Rats have been fed semi-synthetic diets containing 4 and 20% (w/w) corn oil for
      periods of 9-12 weeks covering two lactations. The mean maternal and pup weights
      at day-14 of the second lactation on the diets were not significantly different.
      The milk fatty acids of the rats on the high-fat diet contained 39 mol% linoleic
      acid and only 20 mol% medium-chain acids compared with over 40% for the low-fat
      diet. With the exception of "malic" enzyme, none of five enzymes assayed in
      mammary supernatants was significantly altered by the diet fed. These results
      suggest that the synthesis of these enzymes in the mammary gland is insensitive
      to dietary lipid.

PMID- 6381162
TI  - Trypanosoma lewisi: pyruvate and transketolase activity in normal and thiamine
      deficient rats.
AB  - Transketolase and pyruvate changes were studied in rats infected with Trypanosoma
      lewisi and fed complete, thiamine-deficient and pair-fed control diets.
      Regardless of the dietary group, marked increases in pyruvate levels were
      observed in the infected animals. There were no significant differences in
      erythrocyte transketolase activity of rats given a full complement diet.
      Significant decreases, however, were observed in the transketolase activity of
      pair-fed and thiamine deficient rats. The greater decreases occurred in the
      infected animals.

PMID- 6381163
TI  - Kinin-inactivating endopeptidase from rat liver.
AB  - A kinin-inactivating serine-endopeptidase from rat liver was purified to an
      activity of 912 mU/mg of protein, when measured on bradykinin. The endopeptidase
      molecular weight, estimated by gel filtration, was 68,000. Its isoelectric point
      was close to pH 4.9. Vm for the hydrolysis of bradykinin, was 1.25 mumol/min/mg
      protein; Km was 28 microM. The two hydrolysis products from bradykinin were the
      pentapeptide Arg1-Phe5 and the tetrapeptide Ser6-Arg9.

PMID- 6381164
TI  - Specificity of a human leukocyte neutral proteinase with bovine parathyroid
      hormone as substrate.
AB  - A neutral proteinase, located on the surface of human granulocytes and
      lymphocytes, degraded bovine parathyroid hormone in vitro. The observed sites of
      cleavage were between residues 5 and 6 (--ile--gln--), 8 and 9 (--met--his--), 38
      and 39 (--gly--ala--) and 41 and 42 (--ile--ala--). Possible physiological
      implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 6381165
TI  - Biochemical and ultrastructural aspects of milk synthesis and secretion.

PMID- 6381167
TI  - Treatment of periarthritis of the shoulder: a comparison of ibuprofen and
      diclofenac.
AB  - Fifty patients with periarthritis of the shoulder were entered into this
      randomized double-blind trial, twenty-five on ibuprofen 1600 mg daily and twenty
      five on diclofenac 100 mg daily, in order to compare the efficacy and side
      effects of these two drugs over a 14-day treatment period. Based on forty-six
      patients with adequate follow-up data, statistically significant improvements
      within both treatments (p less than 0.001) were noted during the course of the
      study with respect to all of the variables studied: degree of pain, amplitude of
      rotation, amplitude of abduction and patient treatment efficacy as assessed by
      both the patient and the clinician. Approximately one-half of the patients on
      each treatment reported either 'good' or 'very good' treatment results at Day 14.
      No significant difference between the treatments was noted with respect to the
      amount of improvement shown for any of the variables studied. Side-effects, the
      majority of which were gastro-intestinal in nature, were reported for five
      patients on ibuprofen and six patients on diclofenac. They were severe enough to
      cause treatment to be stopped in six patients, three on each treatment. This
      trial demonstrates that ibuprofen and diclofenac are of virtually equal efficacy
      and tolerability in the treatment of patients with periarthritis of the shoulder.

PMID- 6381166
TI  - Efficacy of low-dose captopril given twice daily to patients with essential
      hypertension uncontrolled by a beta blocker plus thiazide diuretic.
AB  - Thirty-two patients with moderate to severe essential hypertension whose supine
      diastolic blood pressure (SDBP) was greater than or equal to 95 mm Hg following 2
      weeks' treatment with the optimal dosage of beta blocker-diuretic combination
      were randomly assigned to the addition of either captopril 25 mg or 50 mg b.i.d.
      After 6 weeks' treatment, if patients were not normalized (SDBP less than 95 mm
      Hg), the dose of captopril was doubled for a further 6 weeks. The addition of
      captopril led to a significant fall in standing and supine diastolic and systolic
      blood pressure at the end of the sixth and twelfth week of treatment. There was
      no difference in the change in blood pressure between the two groups. At the end
      of the study SDBP was normalized in 66% of patients and a further 12.5% had their
      SDBP reduced by greater than 10%. Captopril 25 or 50 mg administered twice daily
      proved to be a very effective antihypertensive agent when added to a beta blocker
      diuretic combination in patients resistant to optimal doses of these drugs.

PMID- 6381168
TI  - A multicentre study of diclofenac sodium slow-release (Voltaren Retard) in the
      treatment of rheumatic disorders in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

PMID- 6381169
TI  - Herpes zoster treatments: results of a clinical trial relative to the use of
      rifamycin SV versus neuramide.
AB  - The authors describe a controlled clinical study in which rifamycin SV 250 mg
      intramuscularly and topical b.i.d. was compared to intramuscular neuramide b.i.d.
      plus, where necessary, other drugs (antibiotics, polivitamins, analgesics, etc.)
      for the treatment of two groups of thirty randomly selected patients suffering
      from herpes zoster. In all patients the symptoms were controlled by both
      treatments but statistical tests revealed that rifamycin SV was able to heal pain
      (p less than 0.05), vesicles, crusts and burning sensation (p less than 0.1)
      faster than neuramide. Furthermore, by the seventh day of therapy, the authors
      found that rifamycin SV reduced the intensity of both pain and erythema (p less
      than 0.01 for pain; p less than 0.05 for erythema) more than neuramide.

PMID- 6381170
TI  - A comparative trial of two slow-release theophylline tablets in the treatment of
      asthma; Nuelin S.A. and Theocontin Continus tablets.
AB  - Twenty-five adult asthmatic patients were entered into a double-blind random
      crossover comparison of Theocontin Continus tablets with Nuelin S.A. The patients
      received additional therapy with inhaled salbutamol and/or beclomethasone
      diproprionate. Four patients withdrew because of persistent unwanted side
      effects, nausea and headaches in three, and mental confusion in one, and a fifth
      withdrew for non-medical reasons. Analysis of the results of the remaining twenty
      patients showed no difference between the effects of the two preparations in
      symptom scoring, reduction in salbutamol inhaler use and improvement in
      respiratory function as measured by daily PEFR, at similar serum levels. The same
      dosage per kilogram for either preparation gave virtually identical mean serum
      levels suggesting there is no difference in the rate of absorption between the
      two preparations.

PMID- 6381171
TI  - Celestone phosphate injection high dose: treatment of septic shock and impending
      transplant rejection.
AB  - Celestone Phosphate Injection was administered as an intravenous bolus to twenty
      patients, eighteen with septic shock and two with impending acute renal
      transplant rejection. Within 4 hours following the diagnosis of septic shock,
      adjunctive corticosteroid therapy in a dosage ranging from 2.88-3.11 mg/kg was
      given every 4 hours. The two patients with impending acute renal transplant
      rejection were dosed every 24 hours. Intravenous fluids, ventilatory assistance,
      antimicrobial agents, vasoactive agents, diuretics, digitalis and antipyretics
      were among the concomitant therapies. Among measurements monitored during the
      study, vital signs, arterial blood gases, central venous pressure, complete blood
      count, blood chemistry, electrocardiograms and chest radiographs indicated
      improvement in each patient's condition by the end of therapy. Rapid clinical
      improvement occurred within 4-8 hours for patients with septic shock and within
      48 hours for patients with kidney transplants. Two to three doses of medication
      were required. Complete reversal of shock was achieved in eighteen (100%)
      patients with septic shock; both (100%) renal transplant patients experienced
      reversal of impending rejection. Tolerance was good and no adverse experiences
      were reported.

PMID- 6381172
TI  - Effects of cell volume on insulin binding, internalization and degradation in rat
      adipocytes.
AB  - Adipocytes from old rats (greater than 450 g) were separated into 2 populations
      with mean cell volumes of 201 +/- 14 and 813 +/- 41 pl (mean +/- SEM, 20
      observations) by filtering through nylon mesh (64 microns diameter) and compared
      with adipocytes from young rats (less than 150 g) with a mean adipocyte volume of
      154 +/- 20 pl (14 observations). Large adipocytes had more insulin receptors per
      cell but less per unit of surface area. They internalized greater amounts of
      insulin than small cells in the presence or absence of bacitracin and
      chloroquine, although the proportion of bound hormone which was internalized was
      similar in all 3 groups. Down-regulation of the insulin receptor was evident in
      large and small adipocytes after incubation in the presence of 10(-7)M insulin.
      Large cells degraded insulin (extracellularly and intracellularly) at
      significantly greater rates than small cells whether expressed per cell or per
      unit of surface area. Small cells from old rats had essentially identical
      properties to small cells from young rats in all parameters examined. The results
      suggest that the decreased surface density of insulin receptors observed in large
      adipocytes from old rats is due to size rather than age and that the decreased
      insulin sensitivity of large adipocytes is not due to an inability to internalize
      insulin or down-regulate its receptors but may be due to increased rates of
      insulin degradation.

PMID- 6381173
TI  - Glucocorticoid regulation of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) in
      organ culture of superior cervical ganglia.
AB  - Glucocorticoid regulation of the adrenergic enzyme, phenylethanolamine N
      methyltransferase (PNMT) was studied in organ cultures of the superior cervical
      ganglion (SCG) from newborn rats. Although PNMT catalytic activity was present in
      control ganglia, enzyme levels were too low to allow visualization of PNMT
      immunofluorescent cells. Addition of dexamethasone (DEX) or corticosterone to the
      medium resulted in a large increase in PNMT activity and bright PNMT
      immunoreactive (PNMT-IR) staining in cells resembling small, intensely
      fluorescent (SIF) cells. Addition of non-glucocorticoid steroids was ineffective.
      Exposure to a brief, 2-hr pulse of DEX (10(-6) M) in vitro elicited the same
      increase in PNMT as continual exposure to DEX. Studies using metabolic inhibitors
      demonstrated that the steroid-dependent increase in PNMT activity required both
      protein and RNA synthesis. Furthermore, the increase was inhibited by
      cytochalasin B and by the glucocorticoid receptor antagonists, DEX 21-mesylate
      and cortisol 21-mesylate. These observations suggest that glucocorticoids
      increase PNMT protein in SIF cells by interacting with specific steroid receptors
      that undergo translocation to the nucleus.

PMID- 6381174
TI  - Synthesis and effects of basement membrane components in cultured rat Schwann
      cells.
AB  - Schwann cells, the myelin-forming cells of the peripheral nervous system, are
      surrounded by a basement membrane. Whether cultured rat Schwann cells synthesize
      the basement membrane-specific components, laminin and collagen type IV, and
      whether these components influence the adhesion, morphology, and growth of these
      cells have been investigated. Both laminin and collagen type IV were detected in
      the cytoplasm of Schwann cells by immunofluorescence. After ascorbate treatment,
      laminin and collagen type IV were both found in an extracellular fibrillar matrix
      bound to the Schwann cell surface. Laminin was further localized on the Schwann
      cell surface by electron microscopy using gold immunolabeling. Anti-laminin IgG
      labeled gold particles were scattered over the cell surface, and linear rows of
      particles and small aggregates were found along the cell edges and at points of
      contact with other cells. When added to the culture medium, laminin acted as a
      potent adhesion factor, stimulating Schwann cell adhesion as much as eightfold
      above control levels on type IV collagen. In the presence of laminin, the cells
      became stellate and by 24 hr had extended long, thin processes. Laminin also
      stimulated cell growth in a dose-dependent manner and anti-laminin IgG completely
      inhibited cell attachment and growth in the absence of exogenous laminin. Thus,
      cultured Schwann cells synthesize laminin and collagen type IV, two major
      components of basement membrane, and laminin may trigger Schwann cell
      differentiation in vivo during early stages of axon-Schwann cell interaction
      before myelination.

PMID- 6381175
TI  - Evidence for the participation of two sperm proteases, spermosin and acrosin, in
      fertilization of the ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi: inhibitory effects of
      leupeptin analogs on enzyme activities and fertilization.
AB  - Ten kinds of argininal-containing compounds were examined for their inhibitory
      effects on the fertilization of the solitary ascidian and on the activities of
      acrosin and spermosin, trypsin-like proteases isolated from spermatozoa of this
      animal. Benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Pro-argininal (I) and benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Leu
      argininal (II) showed the strongest inhibition on the fertilization. Leupeptin
      (acetyl-Leu-Leu-argininal, III) was ranked next (I, II greater than III). The
      activity of ascidian acrosin was susceptible to most of the compounds, among
      which II was the best inhibitor and followed with I and III (II greater than I,
      III). Spermosin suffered significant inhibition only with I and II (I greater
      than II). These results suggest that not only acrosin but also spermosin is
      involved in fertilization of the ascidian.

PMID- 6381176
TI  - Coexistence of fast-type and slow-type C-proteins in neonatal chicken breast
      muscle.
AB  - Two different C-protein variants which selectively react with either monoclonal
      anti-fast C-protein antibody (MF-1) or monoclonal anti-slow C-protein antibody
      (ALD-66) were separated from neonatal chicken pectoralis muscle by
      hydroxylapatite column chromatography. Myofibrils isolated from the neonatal
      chicken muscle reacted with both monoclonal antibodies as examined by an indirect
      immunofluorescence method. These observations strongly indicate that both fast
      type and slow-type C-proteins are expressed in the neonatal chicken skeletal
      muscle. Both of them are intermingled and assembled in the same myofibrils.

PMID- 6381177
TI  - Factors influencing reticulophagocytic function in insulin-treated diabetes.
AB  - The splenic component of reticulophagocytic function (RPF) was examined in 29
      insulin-treated diabetic subjects (13 type I and 16 type II) by measurement of
      clearance of altered, radiolabeled, autologous erythrocytes. Double-isotope
      studies were performed with cells altered by: (1) preincubation with N
      ethylmaleimide (NEM) and (2) coating with IgG antibody to the Rhesus (Rh) D
      antigen, labeled with 99mTc and 51Cr, respectively. HLA typing for the A, B, and
      DR loci was performed in those patients showing a defect in the clearance of IgG
      coated cells. Values for half-life (t1/2) were correlated with the incidence of
      diabetic complications, levels of HbA1, and circulating immune complexes (CIC).
      Two patterns of abnormal clearance were observed: first, an isolated defect of
      IgG-coated cell clearance in 7 patients (3 had the HLA B8/DR3 haplotype) and
      second, abnormal removal of both types of cell in a further 7 patients (3 had
      B8/DR3). There was no correlation between half-lives as measured by the two
      methods, although exclusion of the patients with a defect of IgG-coated cell
      clearance alone yielded a highly significant correlation for the remaining 15 Rh
      positive patients (P less than 0.01). Abnormalities of IgG-coated cell clearance
      were more frequent in patients with HbA1 greater than 9% (P less than 0.02),
      while t1/2 of NEM-altered cells was significantly greater in patients with CIC (P
      less than 0.05). There was no correlation between t1/2 and the incidence of
      peripheral complications.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6381178
TI  - Diminished bone formation in experimental diabetes. Relationship to osteoid
      maturation and mineralization.
AB  - The pathogenesis of osteopenia in clinical diabetes remains uncertain. Thus, bone
      formation, mineralization, and resorption were measured over a 10-day period
      using double-tetracycline labeling of bone in control (C, N = 18), untreated
      diabetic (I-, N = 14), and insulin-treated diabetic (I+, N = 16) rats. Diabetes
      was induced by the intravenous (i.v.) injection of streptozotocin (STZ), 90
      mg/kg, in citrate buffer. Bone and matrix (osteoid) formation and apposition were
      decreased by 50% from C values in I- rats (P less than 0.05), but were unchanged
      in I+ rats. Osteoid seam width and osteoid area were also less in I- (P less than
      0.05), but similar in I+, when compared with C. In untreated diabetic rats that
      continued to actively form new bone, osteoid maturation and mineralization were
      not diminished when adjusted for the rate of bone formation. However, 5 of 14
      untreated and 2 of 16 insulin-treated diabetic animals showed no uptake of
      tetracycline into bone (Chi-square, 8.54; P less than 0.05), suggesting a defect
      in mineralization in a subset of diabetic rats. Measurements of serum glucose,
      calcium, and phosphorus concentrations, of urinary excretion rates for glucose,
      calcium, and phosphorus, and of creatinine clearance failed to correlate with the
      changes in bone growth and histology observed. The results indicate heterogeneity
      in the response of bone in diabetes, and suggest that bone formation and osteoid
      volume are reduced early in the course of this disorder. These data in short-term
      diabetes support previous observations in both man and rat that indicate a state
      of low bone turnover in diabetes.

PMID- 6381179
TI  - Improved in vivo insulin effect during continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
      in patients with IDDM.
AB  - It has recently been shown that conventionally treated IDDMs are insulin
      resistant. Using the insulin clamp technique, we studied the influence of
      metabolic status on the in vivo insulin effect in these patients. Eleven IDDMs,
      treated conventionally with diet and insulin for 10.7 +/- 5.6 yr, were studied
      before and after continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) treatment (with
      a portable pump) for 6 mo. We found that conventionally treated diabetic subjects
      were extremely insulin resistant with regard to peripheral glucose uptake.
      Glucose uptake, at an insulin concentration of about 80 microU/ml, was 4.3 +/-
      2.0 mg/kg X min before treatment compared with 11.5 +/- 4.0 mg/kg X min in
      normals (P less than 0.01). After pump treatment for 6 mo, metabolic control
      improved significantly (HbA1c decreased from 8.9 +/- 1.9% to 7.4 +/- 1.2%, P less
      than 0.01) and, parallel to that, glucose uptake increased about 80% to 7.5 +/-
      3.5 mg/kg X min (P less than 0.01). The mean daily plasma FFA level decreased
      from 0.32 +/- 0.10 mmol/L to 0.21 +/- 0.07 mmol/L (P less than 0.01); this
      variable was negatively correlated to the glucose clearance rate (r = -0.62, P
      less than 0.01). There was no statistically significant change in mean daily
      plasma insulin and plasma growth hormone levels or in 24-h cortisol excretion in
      the urine (P greater than 0.1). The insulin binding capacity of serum IgG was
      also unchanged, and there was no significant relationship between this quantity
      and glucose clearance rates (r = 0.18, P greater than 0.1). We conclude that
      conventionally treated IDDMs are insulin resistant with regard to peripheral
      glucose uptake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6381180
TI  - Platelet aggregation in experimental diabetes and experimental galactosemia.
AB  - Platelet aggregation and related plasma factors have been studied in
      experimentally diabetic dogs, experimentally galactosemic dogs, and in normal
      dogs. Platelet aggregation, when induced in vitro by ADP (up to 22 microM) or
      collagen (up to 4 micrograms/ml), was not significantly different from normal in
      the diabetic or galactosemic dogs. Plasma (platelet-deficient) from the diabetic
      or galactosemic dogs did not enhance ADP-induced aggregation of normal canine
      platelets. Fibrinogen concentration in blood tended to be elevated in
      hyperglycemic diabetic dogs, and was significantly correlated with the levels of
      HbA1 and blood glucose, whereas galactosemic animals had normal fibrinogen
      concentrations. The quantity of 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha released from
      aortas of diabetic dogs was less than that released from aortas of normal dogs.
      Since alloxan-diabetic dogs and galactosemic dogs develop microaneurysms,
      occluded capillaries, and other retinal lesions characteristic of diabetic
      retinopathy in human patients, these studies suggest that retinopathy can develop
      in the absence of extraordinary in vitro platelet aggregation.

PMID- 6381181
TI  - Effect of 2-bromostearate on glucose-phosphorylating activities and the dynamics
      of insulin secretion in islets of Langerhans during fasting.
AB  - Glucose-phosphorylating activity and insulin secretion were measured in
      homogenates of isolated rat islets and of perfused rat pancreas, respectively.
      Fasting for 96 h produced a significant decrease of both low-and high-Km glucose
      phosphorylating activities and blocked the insulin secretory response to glucose.
      In the presence of glucose, 0.25 mM 2-bromostearate, a known inhibitor of fatty
      acid oxidation, partially restored the insulin response to glucose that was lost
      during fasting. This effect paralleled the restoration of glucose-phosphorylation
      activities (primarily the high-Km component) seen when islets isolated from 96-h
      fasted rats were preincubated with 0.25 mM 2-bromostearate. It is concluded that
      fasting-induced adaptations of glucose-phosphorylating enzymes could account, at
      least in part, for the reduced insulin secretory response to glucose. 2
      Bromostearate, an inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation, is able to restore both
      insulin secretory response and glucose-phosphorylating activities, suggesting
      possible interrelations among the correlated impairment in insulin secretion,
      islet glucose-phosphorylating activity, islet glucose metabolism, and the
      oxidation of fatty acids in the B-cell during fasting.

PMID- 6381182
TI  - Phasic glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by neonatal rat pancreatic islet
      cells. Enhancement by sodium salicylate.
AB  - Monolayer cultures of neonatal rat pancreatic islets were superfused to examine
      phasic insulin secretion. When stimulated with a constant glucose concentration
      of 300 mg/dl, insulin secretion promptly rose to a peak more than eightfold
      higher than the basal levels observed with glucose 30 mg/dl. This first-phase
      peak was followed by a quick decline in insulin to a level about four- to
      fivefold higher than basal, representing second-phase insulin secretion. Addition
      of sodium salicylate 20 mg/dl enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
      Addition of salicylate concurrently with glucose greatly enhanced second-phase
      insulin secretion, but did not affect the first-phase peak, thereby converting
      the biphasic pattern to one that appeared to be monophasic. However, when
      cultures were superfused with salicylate both before and concurrent with
      stimulation by glucose, both the first-phase peak and the second phase of insulin
      secretion were increased, resulting in not only preservation but enhancement of
      the biphasic pattern. Salicylate had no effect on basal insulin secretion at
      glucose 30 mg/dl. During the transition from glucose 300 mg/dl to 30 mg/dl,
      immediately as glucose concentration began to fall in the superfusate, insulin
      secretion showed a transient increase ("off response"). CONCLUSIONS: (1) Cultures
      of neonatal rat pancreatic islet cells respond with a biphasic pattern of insulin
      secretion when exposed to a continuous and constant glucose stimulus. (2) When
      endogenous prostaglandin synthesis is inhibited by sodium salicylate, the
      biphasic pattern not only remains but is enhanced, indicating that endogenous
      prostaglandin synthesis exerts a tonic restraint throughout the entire period of
      glucose-stimulated phasic insulin release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6381183
TI  - Impaired insulin action in rats with non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
AB  - Studies were performed to test the hypothesis that impaired insulin action occurs
      as an acquired phenomenon in the streptozocin (STZ)-treated, non-insulin
      dependent (NIDDM) diabetic rat model. A number of methods were used to evaluate
      impaired carbohydrate tolerance in these animals. Plasma glucose and insulin
      levels were measured at 6 and 14 wk of age, and insulin glucose tolerance tests
      were performed at 4 and 5 wk of age (before overt hyperglycemia ensues), and at 8
      and 14 wk of age (after the animals manifest overt diabetes). The STZ-treated
      rats had higher plasma glucose levels than those of control animals (P less than
      0.001) at 6 and 14 wk of age, while their plasma insulin values were decreased to
      levels 73% of the controls (1.7 ng/ml versus 2.3 ng/ml, P less than 0.04).
      Glucose disappearance rates after high (0.35 U/kg) and low (0.175 U/kg) insulin
      challenge were reduced in the experimental diabetic animals at all ages with both
      insulin doses. The data suggest that these animals have an early and progressive
      acquired impairment in insulin action, most compatible with a defect in cellular
      biologic response to insulin. The possibility that this abnormality is secondary
      to insulin deficiency is raised.

PMID- 6381184
TI  - A double-blind clinical trial to compare the effects of 4-aminosalicylic acid to
      5-aminosalicylic acid in topical treatment of ulcerative colitis.
AB  - 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is the active component of Salazopyrin and induces
      a prompt and excellent improvement, when administered as high dosage enema, in
      patients suffering from active ulcerative colitis. However, the high instability
      of this metabolite makes its large use difficult. We aimed at finding a more
      stable preparation and therefore wondered whether another similar molecule, i.e.
      4-aminosalicylic acid (4-ASA, generally known as p-aminosalicylic acid, PAS),
      which differs from 5-ASA only for the position of the amino group, might be a
      valid alternative. Therefore, 4-ASA at 2 g dosage, administered as rectal enema,
      was compared to an equivalent preparation of 5-ASA. We carried out a double-blind
      therapeutical trial, in which 63 patients, similarly matched for age, sex and
      extent of disease, took part. The analysis of the final results showed that in
      the 5-ASA group, 26 (81%) out of 32 patients improved clinically, 25 (78%)
      sigmoidoscopically and 15 (46%) histologically. In the group of the 31 patients
      treated with 4-ASA, 24 (77%) improved clinically, 24 (77%) sigmoidoscopically and
      13 (41%) histologically. Since no difference was registered between the two types
      of treatment (p = 0.141, X2 test), 4-ASA could be a possible form of treatment
      for active ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 6381185
TI  - A double-blind randomized, controlled study to investigate the efficacy of
      cimetidine given in addition to conventional therapy in the prevention of stress
      ulceration and haemorrhage in patients with acute spinal injury.
AB  - The efficacy of cimetidine, 1.2 and 2.4 g/day, compared to placebo treatment
      given in addition to conventional therapy, which included antacids, in the
      prevention of gastroduodenal lesions associated with stress in 105 patients with
      acute spinal injury was investigated. Haematemesis was only observed in 1 placebo
      treated patient. Of the 84 patients who completed the 10-day treatment and
      underwent endoscopy, 12 out of 43 cimetidine-treated patients and 11 out of 41
      patients who received placebo were found to have gastroduodenal ulceration and/or
      erosions. Mean circulating concentrations of gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide and
      secretin were similar in all groups of patients. Whilst cimetidine has been shown
      to reduce the incidence of ulceration in patients suffering cranial and thermal
      injuries, the present study failed to demonstrate a prophylactic effect of
      cimetidine in the primary prevention of ulcers or erosions in patients with acute
      spinal injury exceeding that of conventional antacid therapy.

PMID- 6381186
TI  - Topical treatment of distal ulcerative colitis with 4-amino-salicylic acid
      enemas.
AB  - Enemas of 4-amino-salicylic acid (4-ASA) have been compared with placebo enemas
      in a double-blind study for the treatment of distal ulcerative colitis of mild to
      moderate severity. 30 patients were randomised to receive enemas containing 1 g
      of 4-ASA or placebo, and 22 to receive 2-gram enemas of 4-ASA or placebo. For
      each dose of 4-ASA there was clinical and sigmoidoscopic improvement, which
      reached significance when all patients receiving 4-ASA enemas were compared with
      those receiving placebo enemas (Cochran's test: p less than 0.005). There was
      also a trend towards histological improvement, but this failed to reach the level
      of significance. These findings suggest that 4-ASA may provide a stable,
      inexpensive alternative to 5-ASA for the topical treatment of ulcerative colitis
      or for linking to carrier molecules for release in the colon.

PMID- 6381187
TI  - The life story of the pancreatic B cell.
AB  - Most research on the pancreatic B cell has so far focussed on the regulation and
      molecular biology of insulin biosynthesis and release. The present review draws
      attention to some additional areas of islet research which have become accessible
      to investigation by recent methodological progress and which may advance our
      understanding of the role of the B cell in diabetes. There is now evidence to
      suggest that B cells arise from a pool of undifferentiated precursor cells in the
      fetal and newborn pancreas. These cells may contribute to islet growth and, if
      inappropriately stimulated, also to early islet hyperplasia. In the postnatal
      state, B-cell function is finely tuned by a complex set of incoming signals, one
      of which is the nutrient supply provided by the blood. Recent studies indicate
      that a disproportionately high fraction of pancreatic blood is diverted to the
      islets and that the islet blood flow is increased by glucose. An acute stimulus
      to insulin release may thus be accompanied by a process which enhances the
      distribution of the hormone to the target cells. Long-term adjustments of B-cell
      function are made by changes in B-cell number and total mass. Adaptive growth
      responses to an increased insulin demand occur in a number of hereditary diabetic
      syndromes in animals, but in some of these there is an inherited restriction on
      the capacity for B-cell proliferation leading to further deterioration of the
      glucose tolerance. Some evidence suggests that a similar mechanism may operate
      also in human non-insulin-dependent diabetes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6381188
TI  - Albumin deposition in dermal capillary basement membrane in parents of type 1
      (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients.
AB  - Skin biopsies were performed to examine dermal capillary basement membranes for
      albumin by immunofluorescence microscopy in children and young adults with Type 1
      (insulin-dependent) diabetes from simplex and multiplex families, their non
      diabetic parents and control subjects. Circumferential vessel staining for
      albumin was 12.0 +/- 14.4% (mean +/- SD) in diabetic patients from multiplex
      families, 18.8 +/- 20.0% in diabetic patients from simplex families, and 18.5 +/-
      24.2% in unaffected parents from simplex families. These values were
      significantly higher (p less than 0.005) than those obtained in unaffected
      parents from multiplex families (0.4 +/- 0.9%) or control subjects (0.8 +/-
      1.7%). There was no statistically significant difference between Type 1 diabetic
      probands from simplex or multiplex families and unaffected parents from simplex
      families. In the simplex families, positive capillary staining for albumin was
      present only in parents from families in which the diabetic proband had positive
      staining. In the parents, the presence of dermal capillary staining for albumin
      did not correlate with an abnormal glucose tolerance test or the presence of
      cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies. These observations suggest an abnormality in
      the dermal capillary basement membrane in some unaffected parents of Type 1
      diabetic patients from simplex families.

PMID- 6381189
TI  - A comparison of the artificial pancreas (glucose controlled insulin infusion
      system) and a manual technique for assessing insulin sensitivity during
      euglycaemic clamping.
AB  - Two main methods are available for assessing insulin sensitivity with the
      hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp technique: one employs a glucose-controlled
      insulin infusion system (the Biostator) with automatic feedback control; the
      second depends on frequent glucose measurement and the use of an algorithm and a
      pocket calculator ('manual') to determine the glucose infusion rate. The amount
      of glucose infused is a measure of insulin sensitivity. The efficiency of the two
      methods was compared in nine normal subjects (seven lean, two obese). After an
      overnight fast subjects were infused with insulin at 50 mU X kg-1 X h-1 for 2 h;
      this rate was doubled during the first 10 min for the manual technique. Blood
      glucose averaged 4.7 +/- 0.1 and 4.8 +/- 0.1 mmol/l from 0 to 120 min for
      Biostator and manual techniques and did not deviate significantly from the
      desired level. Variability of the clamp was also similar over the same period
      (coefficient of variation 5.1 +/- 0.6% and 6.4 +/- 0.7%, Biostator and manual).
      Glucose infused to maintain steady state from 60 to 120 min was higher, however,
      with the manual than the Biostator method (5.7 +/- 0.6 versus 4.4 +/- 0.6 mg X kg
      1 X min-1, p less than 0.01) even when the loading dose was omitted, although the
      two methods correlated closely (p less than 0.05). Glucose infusion rate varied
      more from minute to minute with the Biostator (coefficient of variation 28.8 +/-
      3% versus 12.2 +/- 2.1%). Steady-state serum insulin levels (30-120 min) were the
      same during both methods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6381190
TI  - Clinical and subclinical organ-specific autoimmune manifestations in type 1
      (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients and their first-degree relatives.
AB  - Studying 239 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients and 144 of their first
      degree relatives, we found a significant prevalence of autoimmune manifestations
      in both groups, compared with sex- and age-matched control subjects (p less than
      0.001). In particular, in diabetic patients we found a high frequency of
      autoimmune thyroid disease and idiopathic Addison's disease and also a
      significant prevalence of thyroid (p less than 0.001), parietal cell (p less than
      0.05) and adrenal antibodies (p less than 0.05). In the relatives a high
      frequency of thyroid disease, thyroid, parietal cell and adrenal antibodies and a
      significant prevalence of islet cell antibodies (p less than 0.05) were detected.
      In both groups functional glandular tests and gastric biopsies performed on the
      basis of autoantibody positivity revealed 13 examples of subclinical
      hypothyroidism, two cases of reduced adrenocortical reserve and five of atrophic
      gastritis. Autoantibody screening in diabetic patients and their relatives
      permitted the early diagnosis of the underlying endocrine disorders.

PMID- 6381191
TI  - Hyperinsulinaemia in non-cirrhotic haemochromatosis: impaired hepatic insulin
      degradation?
AB  - This study investigated early alterations of glucose metabolism in idiopathic
      haemochromatosis. Circulating concentrations of glucose, insulin, C-peptide,
      glucagon, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) were measured after a 100-g
      oral glucose load in 10 men with idiopathic haemochromatosis in the non-cirrhotic
      stage of the disease. All had normal glucose tolerance and normal body weight.
      Ten matched healthy subjects were studied as controls. Insulin concentrations
      increased to significantly higher levels in patients with idiopathic
      haemochromatosis than in the control subjects from 30 to 180 min after the
      glucose load (p less than or equal to 0.01), while fasting insulin concentrations
      were not significantly different (p greater than 0.05). Concentrations of
      glucose, glucagon, C-peptide, and GIP were not significantly different at any
      time (p greater than 0.05). Thus, patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis show
      hyperinsulinaemia and hence insulin resistance without impaired glucose tolerance
      in the non-cirrhotic stage. Since pancreatic insulin secretion (C-peptide),
      glucagon secretion, and the entero-insulinar axis (GIP) are not impaired in these
      non-cirrhotic patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis, iron accumulation in the
      hepatocytes may be responsible for the impaired insulin effect and may cause
      impaired hepatic insulin extraction.

PMID- 6381192
TI  - The pancreas in recent-onset type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus:
      insulin content of islets, insulitis and associated changes in the exocrine
      acinar tissue.
AB  - The pancreatic autopsy findings of 11 children with Type 1 (insulin-dependent)
      diabetes mellitus are presented. Nine children died within 24 h of initial
      presentation. In these 'recent-onset' diabetic patients many islets were shrunken
      and insulin-deficient. However, large islets containing B cells were present
      also. Insulitis was present in eight recent-onset diabetic subjects; in these,
      18% of insulin-containing islets were inflamed, but only 1% of insulin-deficient
      islets were thus affected. This finding supports the concept of an
      immunologically mediated destruction of B cells in the pathogenesis of Type 1
      diabetes. Severe acinar cell atrophy was present surrounding insulin-deficient
      islets, but acinar tissue around insulin-containing islets was normal. These
      exocrine changes are thought to be related to islet-exocrine vascular connections
      and the effects of the various islet hormones on pancreatic acini.

PMID- 6381193
TI  - Extrapancreatic action of the sulphonylurea gliquidone: post-receptor effect on
      insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis in rat hepatocytes in primary culture.
AB  - The effects of a sulphonylurea, gliquidone, on insulin binding and the insulin
      induced rate of glycogen synthesis, were studied in rat hepatocytes in primary
      culture. Hepatocytes were cultured for 48 h. During the second 24 h of this
      period, the hepatocytes were incubated with or without gliquidone (5 mg/l). The
      binding of 125I-insulin and the insulin stimulation of glycogen synthesis from
      14C-glucose were measured. Gliquidone influenced neither insulin binding nor the
      basal rate of glycogen synthesis, but it did enhance the effect of insulin on
      glycogen synthesis. Responsiveness was increased by gliquidone at all insulin
      concentrations used (10-10,000 mU/l); at 1000 mU/l the drug increased glycogen
      synthesis from 310 to 430% above the basal rate. Half-maximal stimulation was
      reached in control cells at an insulin concentration of 95 mU/l and in gliquidone
      treated cells at 94 mU/l, which indicates unchanged insulin sensitivity. Based on
      these experiments with cultured rat hepatocytes it appears that the
      extrapancreatic action of gliquidone is not mediated by an effect on insulin
      binding.

PMID- 6381194
TI  - Insulin degrading enzyme activity and insulin binding of erythrocytes in normal
      subjects and Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients.
AB  - Specific insulin degrading enzyme activity of erythrocytes was determined in
      relation to erythrocyte insulin binding in 16 healthy subjects, 14 Type 1
      (insulin-dependent) and various groups of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic
      patients (n = 39). Degrading activity was increased in Type 2 diabetic patients
      on sulphonylureas, as well as in a subgroup with good metabolic control (p less
      than 0.001) and in patients with secondary failure to oral therapy (p less than
      0.02); degrading activity returned to normal in the latter patients after 1 week
      of insulin treatment. Highest degrading activity was found in insulin-treated,
      yet insulin-insensitive patients (daily insulin dose greater than 80 U).
      Degrading activity was significantly correlated in healthy subjects both with
      circulating insulin concentrations and maximal specific insulin binding. In
      contrast, in Type 2 diabetic subjects, degrading activity was inversely
      correlated with serum insulin with no apparent association with maximal specific
      insulin binding except in those patients given 1 week of insulin treatment. High
      erythrocyte insulin degrading enzyme activity might be a common feature in the
      insulin-insensitive Type 2 diabetic patient and might occur subsequent to some
      aspect of insulin deficiency at the tissue level.

PMID- 6381195
TI  - Covalently-linked insulin dimers: their metabolism and biological effects in vivo
      as partial competitive antagonists of insulin clearance.
AB  - The biological properties of three covalently-linked insulin dimers were studied
      in greyhounds. Constant infusions showed that the plasma distribution kinetics
      were slower for the dimers than for insulin. The metabolic clearance rates of the
      three dimers (10.3 +/- 0.4, 8.8 +/- 0.5, 8.2 +/- 0.5 ml X min-1 X kg-1; mean +/-
      SEM) were significantly lower than that of insulin (19 +/- 0.8 ml X min-1 X kg
      1), and their hypoglycaemic effects (11.2%, 3% and 0.3%) were markedly reduced
      compared with their lipogenic potencies in vitro (80%, 30% and 13%,
      respectively). A low dose infusion of insulin or an equipotent dose of one of the
      dimers significantly prolonged the effects of an insulin bolus on plasma glucose
      but not on non-esterified fatty acids. The apparent distribution space (106.4 +/-
      11.9 ml/kg) and clearance rate (14.7 +/- 0.5 ml X min-1 X kg-1) of an insulin
      bolus were significantly reduced by one dimer (44.5 +/- 8.4 ml/kg and 10.7 +/-
      2.8 ml X min-1 X kg-1) but not by the equipotent insulin infusion (102.7 +/- 8.2
      ml/kg and 16.4 +/- 0.07 ml X min-1 X kg-1). The apparent partial competitive
      antagonism of insulin by the dimers that has been reported in vitro can be
      observed in vivo, in that antagonism of insulin metabolism was directly
      demonstrated with one of the dimers.

PMID- 6381197
TI  - High glucose concentrations do not influence replication and prostacyclin release
      of human endothelial cells.

PMID- 6381198
TI  - The urodele limb regeneration blastema. Determination and organization of the
      morphogenetic field.
AB  - The idea that the undifferentiated limb regeneration blastema of urodele
      amphibians is an undetermined and pluripotent structure is examined. A detailed
      review of the literature shows that this notion has no basis in fact. The data
      show that the morphogenetic potency of the blastema is restricted to its
      prospective significance and that this potency can be fully expressed when the
      blastema is transplanted either to a neutral location or to a regenerating organ
      of another type. Within this morphogenetic constraint, however, blastema cells
      have a histogenetic potency that is, at least in some cases, greater than their
      limb cell phenotype of origin. The morphogenetic responses of the regeneration
      field to discontinuities suggest that its autonomous determining relationships
      are based on the inheritance, from parent limb cells, of a graded set of
      mesodermal positional values specifying the pattern of the amputation plane, and
      a single epidermal external boundary value. The dividing mesenchymal cells of the
      blastema change positional value to erase any discontinuity between themselves
      and the epidermis, and the epidermis acts as a stop signal to inform the
      mesenchyme when the regenerate boundary has been reached. In vitro experiments
      suggest that changes in mesenchymal positional value in response to discontinuity
      can be interpreted in terms of gradients of cell-cell adhesivity, and they focus
      attention on the importance of molecular studies of blastema cell surfaces for
      our future understanding of regeneration and morphogenesis in general.

PMID- 6381196
TI  - Improvement of metabolic control in diabetic patients during mebendazole
      administration: preliminary studies.
AB  - After the observation of decreasing insulin resistance in a diabetic patient
      during treatment with mebendazole for nematosis, we investigated the effect of
      mebendazole on metabolic control in six Type 1 (insulin-dependent) and six Type 2
      (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients, eight of whom were chronically
      resistant to conventional treatment. Before and after mebendazole treatment for 1
      month, plasma glucose and serum C-peptide concentrations were determined both
      fasting and 4 h after a mixed breakfast. Improvements in fasting blood glucose
      concentrations occurred in Type 1 (12.83 +/- 1.11 versus 6.56 +/- 0.56 mmol/l; p
      less than 0.05) and Type 2 (10.22 +/- 0.56 versus 7.56 +/- 0.67 mmol/l; p less
      than 0.05) diabetic patients and were associated with increases in post-cibal C
      peptide responses in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients. Following
      discontinuation of mebendazole, metabolic control deteriorated in five out of the
      six Type 1 diabetic patients and in all the Type 2 diabetic patients. We conclude
      that mebendazole increases insulin secretion, and decreases plasma glucose
      concentration in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients. However, these beneficial
      effects may be transient.

PMID- 6381199
TI  - Transferrin is required for early tooth morphogenesis.
AB  - The role of circulating molecules during early tooth morphogenesis was studied in
      organ cultures of mouse embryonic molar-tooth germs. Special attention was
      focused on the effect of transferrin and insulin, which are necessary for the
      growth of most cells in culture. The requirement of serum factors for tooth
      morphogenesis was shown to diminish as the developmental stage advances from the
      bud stage in day-13 embryos to the cap stage at day 15. The day-15 teeth
      underwent morphogenesis and cell differentiation in unsupplemented basal culture
      medium, but the addition of transferrin (50 micrograms/ml) was necessary for the
      morphogenesis of day-14 tooth germs. We demonstrated, by using transferrin
      depleted serum, that transferrin is also necessary for the morphogenesis of day
      13 tooth germs. However, some still-unidentified serum components are also
      required for the morphogenesis of the bud-stage day-13 teeth. These factors
      apparently do not include insulin, since it was shown to inhibit tooth
      development. Analysis of the DNA content of tooth germs cultured in various
      culture media showed that the ability of transferrin to support tooth
      morphogenesis correlated with a stimulation of growth. The results support our
      earlier suggestions that transferrin functions as a fetal growth factor. The
      availability of the transferrin-containing chemically defined medium facilitates
      studies on the roles of other growth factors during tooth development.

PMID- 6381200
TI  - Anatomic distribution of lectin-binding sites in mouse testis and epididymis.
AB  - Testis and epididymis of sexually mature mice were studied histochemically using
      25 fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labeled lectins. Several lectin-specific binding
      patterns were recognized. Thus, HAA, HPA, GSA-I, and UEA-II reacted only with
      spermatozoa. PNA, GSA-II, SBA, VVA, BPA, RCA-I, and RCA-II reacted with
      spermatozoa and spermatocytes. WGA, PEA, LCA, and MPA reacted with spermatogonia,
      spermatocytes, and spermatozoa in increasing order of intensity. ConA, Suc. ConA,
      LAA, STA, LTA, LPA, PHA-E, PHA-L, UEA-I, and LBA reacted with all spermatogenic
      cells with equal intensity. In the epididymis, 12 lectins reacted uniformly with
      the epithelial cells lining all segments of this organ. One lectin (VVA) did not
      react with epididymal lining cells. The remaining 12 lectins reacted in a
      specific manner with portions of the head, body, or tail, thus selectively
      outlining different portions of the epididymis. RCA-I and RCA-II selectively
      accentuated the so-called halo cells of the epididymis. These findings provide a
      detailed map of lectin-binding sites in the mouse testis and epididymis and show
      that certain lectins can be used as specific markers for spermatogenic cells and
      segments of the epididymis.

PMID- 6381201
TI  - [Chronic delta-positive hepatitis in childhood].

PMID- 6381202
TI  - [Richter syndrome: the natural course of chronic lymphatic leukemia?].

PMID- 6381203
TI  - [Therapeutic efficacy of piperacillin in internal medicine].

PMID- 6381204
TI  - [Drug combinations in the treatment of invasive aspergillosis].

PMID- 6381205
TI  - [Effect of subinhibitory amounts of antibiotics on E. coli adhesion].

PMID- 6381206
TI  - [Preliminary results of acyclovir treatment of herpetic infections in organ
      transplant patients].

PMID- 6381207
TI  - [Methods of evaluating antibody response after oral vaccination with killed
      enteropathogenic strains of E. coli].

PMID- 6381208
TI  - [Chemotherapeutic activity of newly synthesized N-aminoimidazoles and N-arylidene
      aminoimidazoles. Preliminary note].

PMID- 6381209
TI  - [Treatment of toxoplasmosis].

PMID- 6381210
TI  - [Immune response to a histocompatible murine lymphoma. Synergism with
      chemotherapy].

PMID- 6381212
TI  - A time-course study on the mutagenicity of smoker's urine.
AB  - A short-term study was made for the urinary mutagenicity caused by cigarette
      smoking in several volunteers. In order to concentrate the mutagens from urine,
      cotton linked to a copper-phthalocyanine derivative (blue cotton) was used as an
      adsorbent. The mutagenicity as measured by the Ames test on Salmonella
      typhimurium TA98 in the presence of S9 increased rapidly after the start of
      smoking. When smoking was stopped, the activity began to decrease, and after 6 to
      13 hr reached the non-smoking level. There was no great difference among
      individuals regarding this time-dependent response. These studies have shown that
      the appearance and disappearance of mutagenicity in urine in relation to
      cigarette smoking are rapid processes.

PMID- 6381213
TI  - Friedenwald presentation to Henry David Janowitz, M.D.

PMID- 6381211
TI  - [Immunostimulation with inactivated Candida albicans and chemotherapy in murine
      lymphoma].

PMID- 6381214
TI  - Acetaldehyde and lactate stimulate collagen synthesis of cultured baboon liver
      myofibroblasts.
AB  - Cells with electron-microscopic characteristics of myofibroblasts were isolated
      from baboon liver biopsy specimens by collagenase digestion and Percoll density
      gradient centrifugation and then cultured. The cultures consisted of only one
      cell type. By immunofluorescence, these cells synthesized collagen types I, III,
      and IV and laminin. Typical features of myofibroblasts were maintained throughout
      many passages in the culture. To study the effects of ethanol (and its oxidation
      product acetaldehyde and associated metabolite lactate) on myofibroblast collagen
      synthesis, the cell cultures were incubated for 24 h in a medium containing
      either 50 mM ethanol, 200 microM acetaldehyde, or 5 mM lactate. The cells did not
      contain significant alcohol dehydrogenase activity. Acetaldehyde stimulated
      significantly (p less than 0.05) myofibroblast collagen synthesis without
      changing noncollagen protein synthesis or proline pools. Lactate caused a
      significant (p less than 0.02) increase in intracellular proline pool and
      collagen synthesis. Ethanol itself did not have any effect on collagen synthesis
      of myofibroblasts. The stimulation of collagen synthesis of hepatic
      myofibroblasts by acetaldehyde and lactate may contribute to the development of
      alcoholic liver fibrosis, as alcohol intake is known to elevate acetaldehyde and
      lactate in tissues and blood.

PMID- 6381215
TI  - Rabbit mucosal receptors for an enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strain:
      appearance of bacterial receptor activity at weaning.
AB  - Adherence studies using the rabbit enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strain RDEC
      1 indicate that this strain attaches in a species-specific manner to receptors
      located on its host intestinal epithelial cells. Because intestinal epithelial
      cells undergo marked developmental changes within the first few weeks of life, we
      designed a study to determine whether the presence of bacterial receptors on
      rabbit brush borders changed during this time. The adherence of RDEC-1 to rabbit
      brush borders isolated from rabbits aged 2-35 days and from adult rabbits was
      examined. No adherence of RDEC-1 was detected to rabbit brush borders isolated
      from rabbits 15 days or younger. Receptors for RDEC-1 were first detected on
      rabbit brush borders from 21-day-old rabbits and by 35 days, RDEC-1 receptor
      activity on rabbit brush borders had reached adult levels. Piliated,
      enteroadherent, human Escherichia coli pathogens did not adhere to rabbit brush
      borders of any age group indicating that nonspecific adherence did not occur.

PMID- 6381216
TI  - Administration of purified colonization factor antigens (CFA/I, CFA/II) of
      enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli to volunteers. Response to challenge with
      virulent enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.
AB  - Colonization factor antigens (CFAs) were administered orally to volunteers, and
      the mucosal immune response was assessed by measuring secretory immunoglobulin A
      (IgA) in saliva and intestinal secretions and by challenge with virulent
      enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). A combination of CFA/I and CFA/II (8 mg
      each) administered orally in four doses in milk failed to induce a mucosal IgA
      response and also failed to protect against challenge with CFA-positive ETEC.
      When CFA was administered orally (1.5 mg divided into three doses with
      bicarbonate) to volunteers without preexisting serum anti-CFA levels, it failed
      to elicit a serum IgG or intestinal secretory IgA response or to protect against
      challenge with virulent ETEC. The CFA is destroyed by acid gastric contents but
      it induced significant antibody titer rises in 8 of 11 (73%) volunteers with
      preexisting serum anti-CFA IgG levels after oral administration of 1 mg of CFA/I
      with sodium bicarbonate. Subcutaneous priming (50 micrograms CFA/I) did not
      induce a serum IgG response but, when followed by oral boosting (1 mg CFA/I in
      two divided doses with sodium bicarbonate), induced intestinal anti-CFA secretory
      IgA in 4 of 8 volunteers and protected against challenge with CFA/I-positive
      ETEC. These results, although preliminary, are encouraging and demonstrate that
      it may be possible to develop an effective oral vaccine based on soluble
      nonreplicating antigens such as purified CFAs.

PMID- 6381217
TI  - [Johann Friedrich Meckel, Jr. as founder of scientific teratology].
AB  - n the occasion of the 150th anniversary of his death, the scientific work of the
      famous German anatomist Johann Friedrich Meckel (1781 to 1833) in Halle is
      appreciated. The Younger Meckel is counted to the most outstanding figures in the
      history of anatomy and medicine in the first third of 19th century. According to
      his founded knowledges in the normal, comparative, and pathologic anatomy and
      embryology he was able to give a scientific argument of malformations first of
      all in the history of medicine and biology. The edition of Meckel's Handbook of
      Pathologic Anatomy (in German language; 1st vol. 1812) is the birth of scientific
      teratology. Through his contributions to teratology Meckel directly participated
      in the raising of general pathology and pathologic anatomy to scientific
      disciplines. Meckel's interceding for C. F. Wolff's theory of epigenesis, not at
      last by translation of Wolff's paper "De formatione intestinorum" (1768 to 1769)
      into the German language, accelerated the development of the general and special
      embryology during the 19th century. In the contemporary medicine the succeeding
      eponyms are reminding of the imposing German physician and anatomist: the
      Meckel's diverticulum of ileum (1809), the Meckel's cartilage of the mandibular
      arch (1820) and the so-called Meckel syndrome (1822).

PMID- 6381218
TI  - [Immunologic disorders in bone marrow aplasia and the methods for correcting
      hematopoiesis depression].

PMID- 6381219
TI  - [Biological role of vitamin B2 in iron deficiency anemia].

PMID- 6381220
TI  - [Synthetic models of erythrocytes--hemosomes].

PMID- 6381222
TI  - [Bases for planning the productive activities of blood service institutions in
      the Ukrainian SSR].

PMID- 6381221
TI  - [Human infusion of perfluorocarbons as blood substitutes].

PMID- 6381223
TI  - [Improved forms of organizing the blood donor system without compensation as a
      method for optimizing the work of the blood service].

PMID- 6381224
TI  - Forensic value of artificially defaced crowns.

PMID- 6381225
TI  - Daily rhythms of insulin and glucose levels in the plasma of sea bass
      Dicentrarchus labrax after experimental feeding.
AB  - Significant and inverse circadian rhythms are demonstrated in glucose and plasma
      insulin in fish fed a natural diet. The highest glucose levels are found during
      the light period, around feeding time, and the insulin level peaks during the
      dark period. As a possible cause for the insulin rhythmicity, the daily
      variations in several plasma amino acids are considered. The feeding times could
      be a training factor for metabolic rhythms, which are maintained even during a
      fast of 7 days. The differences in the compositions of the diets could be
      responsible for the lack of circadian rhythms in fish fed on a commercial diet.

PMID- 6381226
TI  - Acetylcoenzyme A and the synthesis of acetylcholine in neurones: review of recent
      progress.
AB  - A review of recent progress in the investigation of the following two problems is
      given: (a) the origin of actyl groups in the acetylcoenzyme A which is used for
      the synthesis of actylcholine in mammalian nerve cells; (b) the role of
      acetylcoenzyme A in the control of acetylcholine synthesis. The data reviewed are
      mainly those that have been published after the reviews by Quastel (1978), Tucek
      (1978) and Jope (1979).

PMID- 6381228
TI  - [Yeast resistance to polyene antibiotics. III. Phenotypic analysis of polyene
      resistant sterol mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts].
AB  - The pleiotropic effects of nystatin resistant mutations have been studied. It has
      been shown that resistance to nystatin is often accompanied by temperature
      sensitivity and, in some cases, by osmotic remedial sensitivity. The dependence
      of the expression of the mutations on temperature is demonstrated. A new type of
      conditional nystatin-dependent mutants is found. All nys2 mutants have a defected
      membrane and are stained on a methylene blue containing media. At the same time,
      the mutations under investigation do not affect the respiratory competence and
      the exoenzyme activity of acid phosphatases.

PMID- 6381227
TI  - [Yeast resistance to polyene antibiotics. II. An analysis of the sterol
      composition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts resistant to nystatin].
AB  - The recessive yeast mutations nys providing resistance to polyene antibiotics in
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae are described. The analysis of UV-absorbtion spectra of
      sterols from cells of different mutants allows to assume that NYS genes control
      synthesis of ergosterol. The lack of alterations in the sterol composition of the
      same strains carrying dominant nystatin resistance mutations points to the
      existence of another mechanisms of resistance to polyene antibiotics, in addition
      to the sterol mechanism.

PMID- 6381230
TI  - Evidence for a nonsense mutation at the niaD locus of Aspergillus nidulans.

PMID- 6381229
TI  - Potential for hitchhiking in the eda-edd-zwf gene cluster of Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6381232
TI  - [History of health statistics research in Vladimir Guberniya].

PMID- 6381231
TI  - Oral hypoglycemic agents for treatment of NIDDM.

PMID- 6381233
TI  - [Hygienic and therapeutic principles of ancient medicine].

PMID- 6381235
TI  - [Current concepts of the action of mercury on cell membranes].

PMID- 6381236
TI  - [Radiation exposure of the population].

PMID- 6381237
TI  - [History of health education in Vladimir Province during the zemstvo period].

PMID- 6381234
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the sensitivity of different morphological methods of
      studying the gonadotoxic effect of heavy metals].

PMID- 6381238
TI  - [On the 150th anniversary of the publication of R. S. Chetyrkin's work "The
      Experience of the Military Medical Police or the Rules for Preserving the Health
      of Russian Soldiers on Land Duty"].

PMID- 6381239
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of methods for determining the bacterial
      contamination of the air].

PMID- 6381240
TI  - [Prospects for studying the endocrine apparatus of the gastrointestinal tract in
      setting hygienic standards for chemical compounds in the drinking water].

PMID- 6381241
TI  - [Progress in the prenatal diagnosis of adrenogenital syndrome].

PMID- 6381243
TI  - [Use of new organ suturing instruments UDO-60 and UDO-38 in pediatric pulmonary
      surgery].

PMID- 6381242
TI  - Serum hormones and metabolites in fetally decapitated pigs.
AB  - The effects of fetal decapitation on serum hormones and metabolites were studied
      in utero in the pig. Pig fetuses were decapitated at 45 days of gestation and
      serum sampled from the umbilical vein and artery of each fetus and from the
      uterine artery at 110 days of gestation. Serum levels of cortisol were reduced in
      decapitated fetuses when compared to intact controls. The data suggest that the
      decapitated fetus derived its cortisol primarily from maternal sources.
      Decapitation produced a deficiency of serum RIA growth hormone, T3 and T4. The
      absence of these hormones produced no effect on fetal growth. Serum insulin,
      glucagon and triglycerides were elevated in decapitated fetuses. Arterial venous
      differences in blood glucose indicated that the decapitated fetuses were
      utilizing glucose at a higher rate than intact fetuses. The alterations seen in
      serum insulin and triglycerides suggest that neural mechanism may be involved in
      prenatal lipid deposition.

PMID- 6381244
TI  - [Metastatic lung tumors and their surgical treatment].

PMID- 6381245
TI  - Coeliac syndrome: biochemical mechanisms and the missing peptidase hypothesis
      revisted.

PMID- 6381246
TI  - Breakdown of gliadin peptides by intestinal brush borders from coeliac patients.
AB  - The 'missing peptidase' hypothesis to explain the aetiology of coeliac disease
      has never been satisfactorily resolved and recent reports suggest that coeliac
      brush borders may have depressed levels of specific peptidase enzymes. It has
      been inferred from these studies that the subsequent brush border digestion of
      gliadin peptides may therefore be defective. In this present study a sensitive
      fluorometric assay was used to measure the hydrolysis of a peptic-tryptic digest
      of gliadin by both normal and coeliac brush borders. The coeliac brush borders
      were as efficient as the normals in hydrolysing gliadin peptides and showed no
      depression of any specific peptidase activity.

PMID- 6381247
TI  - Alkaline reflux gastritis: a critical reappraisal.

PMID- 6381249
TI  - Histocompatibility antigens (HLA-A,B,C) are not detectable in molar villous
      fluid.
AB  - Cell-free villous fluid from healthy and necrotic molar villi did not contain
      detectable soluble HLA Class I (HLA-A,B,C) antigens; therefore, HLA sensitization
      of the maternal host is probably not attributable to shedding of HLA antigens by
      viable or degenerating HLA-positive stromal cells. The method developed for this
      study, a combination of immunoprecipitation and Western blot techniques, employed
      specific antibodies for positive identification of the HLA heavy chain. The
      pathogenesis of complete molar pregnancy may be better understood through further
      study of the mechanisms of HLA sensitization of the maternal host and the host's
      response to these foreign antigens.

PMID- 6381248
TI  - Antibiotics in the treatment of biliary infection.

PMID- 6381250
TI  - Chlamydial cervicitis and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: an
      immunohistochemical analysis.
AB  - Studies using serological and culture techniques indicate that chlamydial
      infection is frequently associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).
      This relationship was investigated by examining a series of biopsies containing
      normal epithelium, non-neoplastic condylomatous epithelium, and neoplastic
      epithelium (CIN). In each case the degree of inflammation and the presence of
      reparative atypia were recorded from an examination of the hematoxylin and eosin
      stained sections and serial sections were stained for chlamydial antigens using a
      polyclonal antichlamydial antibody and the immunoperoxidase technique. Overall,
      staining for chlamydia was positive in 0, 2, and 16% of biopsies with mild,
      moderate, and severe inflammation, respectively. In cases of severe inflammation
      positive staining was present in 20, 25, and 8% of biopsies containing non
      neoplastic, condylomatous, and neoplastic epithelium, respectively. In all
      positive cases the staining was most prevalent in areas of the most intense
      inflammation. A spectrum of squamous epithelial changes was found in the infected
      biopsies and their distinction from CIN is discussed. This study suggests that
      tissue staining for chlamydia is related more to the extent of the coexisting
      inflammation than the presence or absence of CIN. Chlamydial infection, however,
      was frequently associated with inflammation-related squamous atypia in the
      transformation zone, which may be confused histologically with CIN.

PMID- 6381251
TI  - [Physiopathology and clinical aspects of the vena cava occlusion syndrome].

PMID- 6381252
TI  - [Prolapse of the umbilical cord].

PMID- 6381253
TI  - Studies on the binding of complement factor C3 to the surface of human blood
      platelets.
AB  - Employing immunofluorescent staining methods, platelets from several adult
      patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, with systemic lupus
      erythematosus, and with classical rheumatoid arthritis stained positively with
      antisera to C3(beta 1C) and C3dg(alpha 2D). In some cases, platelet-bound C3dg
      antigens, but no evidence of other C3 antigens were observed. Platelets that were
      positive for C3 and/or C3dg were always positive for IgG or for both IgG and IgM.
      Platelets from normal subjects stained negatively for C3, C3dg, IgG, and IgM.
      Furthermore, various incubation experiments were performed to investigate the
      uptake of C3 and its subfragments on normal platelets. Positive platelet staining
      for C3 was obtained after incubation with normal and C3b-containing sera, but not
      after incubation with native C3. Platelets incubated with C3c(beta 1A)/C3dg
      containing serum gave a positive staining for C3dg, but not for C3c. None of the
      sera stained positively for IgG or IgM. Thus, in contrast to platelets from
      several of the patients, no in vivo binding of C3 antigens on normal platelets
      could be established. However, in vitro they could take up both C3b and C3dg,
      apparently by specific binding to platelet surface structures.

PMID- 6381254
TI  - Platelet aggregation in arterioles of the hamster cheek pouch and in heart
      transplants: its tissue-dependent influencibility by acetylsalicylic acid and
      nafazatrom.
AB  - Different, tissue-dependent antiaggregatory properties of endothelial cells are
      suggested by in vitro findings, which show different spectra and amounts of
      arachidonic acid products to be synthesized by vessels of different type and
      origin. Platelet aggregation was assessed in vivo in native arterioles of the
      hamster cheek pouch and in arterioles of heart transplants by intravascular
      excitation of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d). The time to aggregate
      appearance (TAA) was determined, i.e. the interval from onset of FITC-d
      excitation until the first aggregate was seen to adhere to the vessel wall. Two
      groups were pretreated with 100 micrograms/kg nafazatrom and 100 mg/kg
      acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), both potent antithrombotic drugs. Nafazatrom has been
      shown to stimulate prostacyclin release from endothelial cells, whereas ASA
      blocks cyclooxygenase both in platelets and vessel walls. TAA was the same for
      native arterioles of both types. Nafazatrom was equally effective in both
      vessels, and about three orders of magnitude more potent than ASA in prolonging
      TAA. ASA was twice as effective in arterioles of the heart as it was in those of
      the skin type, indicating that tissue-dependent mechanisms achieve the
      antiaggregatory potency of the vessel walls. It is concluded that further in vivo
      studies on platelet aggregation and thrombus formation should be performed on
      cardiac vessels directly and not on vessels of different origin. The presented
      model may be a useful tool for investigating the mentioned tissue-dependent
      mechanisms of thrombus formation in vivo.

PMID- 6381255
TI  - [Captopril in congestive heart failure].

PMID- 6381256
TI  - [Genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections in the female].

PMID- 6381257
TI  - [Captopril].

PMID- 6381258
TI  - [Prosthetic heart valves--historical review].

PMID- 6381259
TI  - [The use of GNRH analogs in the treatment of hormone dependent tumors].

PMID- 6381260
TI  - [The artificial pancreas in insulin-dependent diabetes].

PMID- 6381261
TI  - [The abnormal ECG and the appearance of methacholine-induced arrhythmias in SART
      mice and effects of beta-blockers, oxprenolol, propranolol, and carteolol].
AB  - Protective effects of beta-blockers (oxprenolol, propranolol and carteolol) on
      the abnormal ECG of the sympathicotonia type were studied in male ddY SART
      stressed mice. Oxprenolol and carteolol were observed to have mild effects on the
      abnormal ECG as compared with propranolol. Experimental arrhythmias were induced
      by drugs in SART mice, and their frequencies of appearance were examined. The
      types of arrhythmias used as indices were sinus arrhythmia, supraventricular and
      ventricular extrasystole, the 1st and 2nd degrees of atrio-ventricular (A-V)
      block, sino-atrial (S-A) block and sinus standstill. The frequency of appearance
      of arrhythmia of any type induced by adrenaline was lower in SART mice than in
      normal mice. The frequency of appearance of methacholine (MCh)-induced arrhythmia
      of any type was significantly higher in SART mice than in normal mice. Protective
      effects of the 3 beta-blockers on the worsening of MCh-arrhythmias in SART mice
      were studied. With a single dose of 5 or 10 mg/kg, the drugs were effective on
      supraventricular extrasystole and S-A block. Continuous administrations of
      oxprenolol and carteolol inhibited the occurrence of supraventricular
      extrasystole, A-V block and S-A block, but not the occurrence of ventricular
      extrasystole. Continuous administrations of propranolol were effective on any
      type of arrhythmias except for sinus arrhythmia. These results further support
      our viewpoint that the SART mouse is of the sympathicotonia type with respect to
      the heart, and they suggest that oxprenolol and carteolol may be effective
      clinically on arrhythmias caused by autonomic imbalance.

PMID- 6381262
TI  - [Changes in meal patterns and endogenous chemical determinants related to food
      intake following intra-ventricle III infusion of mazindol].
AB  - To clarify suppressive effects of mazindol on food intake in rats, changes in
      body weight, meal patterns as well as 24-hr food intake, and endogenous chemical
      substances were investigated following the intra-ventricle III infusion of 0.03
      mumole mazindol. Experiments were carried out under the condition of a 12: 12
      light-dark cycle (light: 0800-2000 hr). Mazindol decreased food intake as well as
      body weight after a 12 hr starvation. Reduced food consumption was observed
      during 12 hr following the injection. Weight reduction, however, lasted over all
      3-tested days. When food was available ad. lib., mazindol decreased meal size
      during the 4 hr after injection and prolonged postprandial intermeal interval
      during the 4 hr period starting 2 hr after the injection. The infusion of
      mazindol also produced relative hyperglycemia and decreased free fatty acids,
      which was not accompanied with hyperinsulinemia. These findings, together with
      other reports, indicates that mazindol, unlike amphetamine and fenfluramine,
      possesses inhibitory actions on the hypothalamic feeding center.

PMID- 6381263
TI  - Mutagenicity studies of urine and faecal samples from rats treated orally with
      the food colourings Brown FK and Red 2G.
AB  - Urine and faecal extracts from rats given Brown FK or Red 2G orally (800 mg/kg
      body weight) were investigated for mutagenicity. Extracts were subjected to
      liquid fluctuation and plate incorporation assays with Salmonella typhimurium
      strains TA98 and TA100 in the presence and absence of liver microsomes and/or a
      beta-glucuronidase-sulphatase preparation. Urine from Red 2G-treated rats only
      exhibited direct activity when coloured fractions from polyamide-column
      concentrates were tested with TA100. All other urines, as well as aqueous and
      ether faecal extracts from animals receiving either colouring, were no more
      mutagenic than the respective control extracts obtained from the same animals
      prior to dosing.

PMID- 6381264
TI  - Effect of orally administered food-grade carrageenans on antibody-mediated and
      cell-mediated immunity in the inbred rat.
AB  - Experiments were performed to investigate the immunological consequences
      associated with the persorption of poorly degradable carregeenans from the diet.
      Using an inbred strain of rat it was demonstrated histochemically, by the
      carrageenan-specific Alcian blue staining technique, that small quantities of
      food-grade carrageenans given at 0.5% in drinking-water for 90 days could
      penetrate the intestinal barrier of adult animals. This apparently occurred via
      an intact mucosa in the absence of inflammatory or pathological lesions. The
      carrageenan was demonstrated in macrophage-like cells present within the villi
      and lamina propria of the small intestine. The oral administration of kappa,
      lambda or iota food-grade carrageenans did not affect local (biliary) or systemic
      antibody responses to gut commensal microorganisms, or to orally-administered
      sheep erythrocytes. However, when sheep red blood cells were administered
      parenterally the ensuing anti-sheep red blood cell haemagglutinating antibody
      response was temporarily suppressed in carrageenan-fed rats. lambda-Carrageenan
      and iota-carrageenan both significantly (P less than or equal to 0.01 and P less
      than or equal to 0.05, respectively) reduced the mid-phase (14-28 days)
      haemagglutinin response; kappa-carrageenan (L100) was less effective but caused
      significant depression at day 21 (P less than or equal to 0.01). Individual
      responses were, however, within the control range 35 days after sheep erythrocyte
      administration, thus indicating the temporary nature of this effect. Although
      carrageenan administration depressed the anti-sheep erythrocyte antibody
      response, it did not affect T-cell immune competence as measured by the popliteal
      lymph node assay for graft-versus-host reactivity.

PMID- 6381265
TI  - Primary mutagenicity screening of food additives currently used in Japan.
AB  - Salmonella/microsome tests (Ames tests) and chromosomal aberration tests in vitro
      using a Chinese hamster fibroblast cell line were carried out on 190 synthetic
      food additives and 52 food additives derived from natural sources, all of which
      are currently used in Japan. Fourteen out of 200 tested in the Ames assay showed
      positive effects and 54 out of 242 were positive in the chromosome test. Three
      additives (erythorbic acid, chlorine dioxide and beet red) were positive only in
      the Ames test, although their mutagenic potentials were relatively weak, while 43
      additives were positive only in the chromosome test. Eleven additives (calcium
      hypochlorite, cinnamic aldehyde, L-cysteine monohydrochloride, Food Green No. 3
      (Fast Green FCF), hydrogen peroxide, potassium bromate, sodium chlorite, sodium
      hypochlorite, sodium nitrite, cacao pigment and caramel) were positive in both
      the Ames test and the chromosome test. The usefulness of such primary screening
      tests combining two different genetic end-points, gene mutation and chromosomal
      aberration, and some correlation between mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of food
      additives are discussed.

PMID- 6381266
TI  - Evaluation of the genotoxicity of lac dye.
AB  - Red lac dye, a by-product of the shellac industry, has the potential for use in
      foods, drugs and cosmetics as a colouring agent. As part of a series of tests of
      the suitability of lac dye for this purpose an evaluation of its genotoxicity was
      carried out. Lac dye was non-mutagenic in Ames tests using five strains of
      Salmonella typhimurium with or without metabolic activation. No cytotoxicity or
      mutagenicity was observed in Chinese hamster lung (V79) cells exposed to lac dye
      in vitro. A clastogenic effect was observed in the bone-marrow cells of mice that
      had been treated with lac dye ip or orally.

PMID- 6381267
TI  - Paralytic shellfish poisons.

PMID- 6381268
TI  - [Lingual bracket-fixation--problems and initial experiences].

PMID- 6381269
TI  - [Conservative therapy of activated gonarthrosis. Double-blind study of
      proglumetacine and piroxicam].
AB  - In a randomized double-blind clinical investigation, the efficacy and safety of
      proglumetacin 450 mg/day (150 mg in the morning, 300 mg in the evening) were
      compared to those of piroxicam 20 mg/day (placebo in the morning, 20 mg in the
      evening), in 50 patients with activated gonarthrosis. After decoding it was found
      that 25 patients had been treated with proglumetacin and 25 with piroxicam. Joint
      troubles, knee circumference, function tests were recorded at time 0 and after 3,
      7, 14 and 21 days; on the same days an overall doctor's rating of efficacy was
      also given. The rating of efficacy was "good" in 70% of patients in the
      proglumetacin group compared to 60% for piroxicam. The efficacy of the two
      medicaments was not significantly different. The patients treated with
      proglumetacin did not report any adverse reactions. Conversely, 5 patients of the
      piroxicam group dropped out: 1 for epigastric pain, 1 for vomiting and epigastric
      pain, 1 for an increase of severity of knee pain, 1 for an allergic reaction, 1
      for an exanthema. The difference in drop-out rate is statistically significant. A
      further patient complained of gastrointestinal upsets, but continued on the
      treatment. Hematology and laboratory parameters were not affected by the
      treatments. It is concluded that in activated gonarthrosis proglumetacin has an
      efficacy comparable to that of piroxicam, but is significantly safer for the
      patients.

PMID- 6381270
TI  - [Feasibility and lasers].

PMID- 6381271
TI  - Secretin--diagnostic and therapeutic application possibilities.

PMID- 6381272
TI  - Decreased response of epinephrine and norepinephrine to insulin-induced
      hypoglycemia in diabetic autonomic neuropathy.
AB  - The responses of epinephrine, norepinephrine and other counter-regulatory
      hormones to insulin-induced hypoglycemia were investigated in 5 diabetics who
      showed signs of autonomic neuropathy, in 7 age-matched diabetics without
      autonomic neuropathy and in 7 healthy subjects. The presence of autonomic
      neuropathy was evaluated by decreased beat-to-beat variation in heat rates during
      hyperventilation or orthostatic hypotension. Catecholamines were determined by a
      totally automated plasma catecholamine analyzing system using a two-column system
      of high performance liquid chromatography. Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine
      responses to hypoglycemia in diabetics with autonomic neuropathy were
      significantly lower than those in diabetics without autonomic neuropathy. Plasma
      glucagon response in diabetics was apparently attenuated compared to normal
      controls and there was no significant difference in glucagon response between the
      two patient groups. Other counter-regulatory hormone responses did not differ
      among the three groups. The data demonstrate that the responses of plasma
      epinephrine and norepinephrine to insulin-induced hypoglycemia are impaired in
      diabetics with autonomic neuropathy.

PMID- 6381273
TI  - Effects of human growth hormone on erythrocyte insulin binding in growth hormone
      deficient children.
AB  - In this paper, the effect of acute human growth hormone (GH) administration on
      erythrocyte insulin binding in GH deficient children (N = 6) was studied.
      Following GH (0.25 U/kg) administration, the blood levels of GH peaked within 4
      to 8 h and returned to basal levels 24 h later. However, the changes in
      somatomedin activity, free fatty acid (FFA), urea, blood glucose and 125I-insulin
      binding to erythrocyte were observed around 24 h following the injection, and
      there was a converse relationship between maximum percent 125I-insulin binding
      (IBmax) and FFA (P less than 0.02). By Scatchard analysis it was found that the
      decrease in IBmax is mainly due to the change in the number of insulin receptors.
      These results suggest that GH may possibly affect the insulin binding to
      erythrocyte indirectly through metabolic changes as a result of hormonal changes
      in GH deficient children.

PMID- 6381274
TI  - Intravenous glucose tolerance, insulin response to glucose, peripheral
      sensitivity to insulin, and serum lipoproteins in post-myocardial infarct
      patients with normal fasting blood glucose.
AB  - Intravenous glucose tolerance (IVGTT), basal insulin and insulin response to
      glucose infusion (GIT), insulin sensitivity, and lipoprotein patterns were
      determined in non-obese post-coronary subjects, 3-6 months after myocardial
      infarction. Twelve had decreased and 31 normal IVGTT. The control group comprised
      31 subjects with normal IVGTT, who did not display any signs of coronary disease.
      The post-coronary patients were not taking any drugs except for furosamide, which
      was shown not to influence insulin response to GIT or glucose tolerance.
      Decreased IVGTT in the post-coronary patients could be ascribed to decreased
      insulin response and insulin resistance. These two derangements are considered as
      hereditary markers in glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes. Accordingly, our
      findings suggest that glucose intolerance in subjects with myocardial infarcts
      has the same background. The post-coronary patients demonstrated elevated
      triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol in total serum and in very low density
      lipoproteins (VLDL), the lipoprotein patterns being almost identical in post
      coronary patients with or without decreased IVGTT. No relationship was found in
      the control and post-coronary groups between IVGTT, basal insulin, stimulated
      insulin (KI, IP), and insulin sensitivity (KG), on the one hand, and total or
      VLDL TG or any other lipoprotein particle, on the other. Thus, the derangements
      in glucose, insulin, and serum triglyceride metabolism were independent
      abnormalities (risk factors) in these non-obese post-coronary patients.

PMID- 6381275
TI  - Adrenergic effects on plasma levels of glucagon, insulin, glucose and free fatty
      acids in rabbits.
AB  - Adrenergic effects on plasma levels of glucagon, insulin, glucose and free fatty
      acids were studied in fasted rabbits by infusing epinephrine, norepinephrine,
      isoproterenol, phentolamine (an adrenergic alpha-receptor blocking drug) and
      propranolol (an adrenergic beta-receptor blocking drug). The adrenergic effects
      on the plasma levels of insulin, glucose and free fatty acids were similar to
      those found in other species. The plasma levels of insulin were increased by beta
      receptor stimulation (isoproterenol, phentolamine + epinephrine) and decreased by
      alpha-receptor stimulation (epinephrine, norepinephrine, propranolol +
      epinephrine). The plasma levels of glucose were increased by both alpha- and beta
      receptor stimulation, and the epinephrine-induced hyperglycaemia was only blocked
      by combined infusions with phentolamine and propranolol. The plasma levels of
      free fatty acids were increased by saline and further increased by beta-receptor
      stimulation (isoproterenol), while epinephrine and norepinephrine gave variable
      results. Alpha-receptor stimulation (propranolol + epinephrine) slightly
      decreased the plasma levels of free fatty acids. The plasma levels of glucagon,
      however, were mainly increased by alpha-receptor stimulation (epinephrine,
      norepinephrine, propranolol + epinephrine) and increased only to a minor extent
      by beta-receptor stimulation (isoproterenol, phentolamine + epinephrine) in
      rabbits. This is in contrast to results reported for humans, where beta-receptor
      stimulation seems to be most important in stimulating glucagon release.

PMID- 6381276
TI  - Glucose tolerance, insulin secretion and insulin removal in chronic persistent
      hepatitis.

PMID- 6381277
TI  - Isolation and amino-acid sequence determination of monkey insulin and proinsulin.
AB  - Insulin has been isolated and purified from rhesus monkey pancreas by means of
      acid-ethanol extraction, gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. The
      complete amino-acid sequence of the hormone has been determined by amino-acid
      analysis of the oxidized A- and B-chains, by end group determination, by the
      identification of the C-terminal residues (AsnA21 and ThrB30) by carboxypeptidase
      A digestion and by Edman degradation of the S-carboxymethylated A- and B-chains.
      The 51-residue monkey insulin was shown to be identical to human insulin. From
      the known insulin and C-peptide sequence the primary sequence of monkey
      proinsulin has been proposed.

PMID- 6381278
TI  - 1984 Presidential candidates' health care platforms.

PMID- 6381279
TI  - A national survey of Medicaid reimbursement factors.

PMID- 6381280
TI  - Major data processing systems and applications.

PMID- 6381281
TI  - Trying to balance reality and ethics.

PMID- 6381282
TI  - Immunoregulatory Leu-7+ and T8+ lymphocytes in B-cell follicular lymphomas.
AB  - Lymphocyte subpopulations were profiled in lymph nodes and tonsils showing
      follicular hyperplasia and in follicular lymphomas with monoclonal antibodies on
      frozen tissue sections. Immunoregulatory lymphocyte subsets identified with T8
      and Leu-7 monoclonal antibodies were quantified within the follicular centers
      (FC) of the nonneoplastic tissue and neoplastic follicles of the lymphomas with
      an optical grid defining a unit surface area (USA) of 0.04 mm2. T8+ cells were
      essentially confined to the interfollicular areas, with a few cells occupying the
      FC of the nonneoplastic specimens (mean, two and five cells/USA for tonsils and
      benign lymph nodes, respectively). Although lymphomas exhibited a similar pattern
      of distribution of T8+ cells, 17 T8+ cells/USA were observed in the follicular
      small cleaved cell (FSCL) group and eight T8+ cells/USA within the follicular
      mixed small cleaved and large cell (FML) group. Leu-7+ cells were almost entirely
      confined to the FC of the nonneoplastic tissues and increased (mean, 17 and 19
      cells/USA for tonsils and benign lymph nodes, respectively) compared with the T8+
      population. Variable distributions of Leu-7+ cells were found in the FSCL group,
      with a mean of 16 cells/USA. Very few Leu-7+ cells were present in the FML group.
      Natural killer cells and/or cytotoxic/suppressor T lymphocytes may play an
      immunoregulatory role in modulating the growth of follicular lymphomas.

PMID- 6381283
TI  - Histiocytosis X cells and Langerhans cells: enzyme histochemical and immunologic
      similarities.
AB  - The proliferating cell in histiocytosis X has been thought to be an abnormal
      Langerhans cell since the identification in 1965 of the characteristic X-bodies
      morphologically identical to the Birbeck granules of epidermal Langerhans cells.
      This conclusion is based primarily on this finding and on morphologic
      similarities at the light microscopic level. Enzyme histochemical data have been
      somewhat conflicting and have not provided strong support for this conclusion.
      Recently, immunohistochemical studies have shown data consistent with a
      Langerhans cell origin for histiocytosis X cells. This study documents the
      presence of nonspecific esterase, acid phosphatase, and adenosine triphosphatase
      in both Langerhans cells and histiocytosis X cells. Both types of cells also
      react with antibodies directed against widely distributed leukocyte antigens (HLA
      A,B,C; Ia; L3B12); Langerhans cell/thymocyte antigen [Leu 6(T6)]; histiocyte
      antigen (Leu-M3); helper T-cell/histiocyte antigen [Leu-3(T4)]; and S-100
      protein. These results complement earlier immunologic studies and add enzyme
      histochemical data that strongly support the concept of histiocytosis X as a
      proliferative disorder of cells of Langerhans lineage.

PMID- 6381284
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of prostate-specific acid phosphatase and
      prostate-specific antigen in stage A2 adenocarcinoma of the prostate: prognostic
      implications.
AB  - Previous immunohistochemical studies with prostate-specific acid phosphatase and
      prostate-specific antigen documented the diagnostic value of these antigens in
      the identification of metastatic prostatic adenocarcinomas and in the
      differentiation of primary prostatic adenocarcinomas from poorly differentiated
      transitional cell carcinomas. Although attempts have been made to correlate
      immunostaining with degree of tumor differentiation, no study has directly
      assessed the relation of either prostate-specific acid phosphatase or prostate
      specific antigen immunoreactivity of tumors with their biologic behavior.
      Nineteen patients with predominantly intermediate Gleason grade untreated stage
      A2 carcinomas of the prostate were studied by the unlabeled antibody
      immunoperoxidase technique for prostate-specific acid phosphatase and prostate
      specific antigen in an attempt to identify those in whom the disease would
      progress without further therapeutic intervention. Of the 12 carcinomas with
      areas of either weak or negative prostate-specific acid phosphatase staining,
      nine progressed. Two of the seven carcinomas that did not have these foci of poor
      immunostaining also progressed. Although there was a trend for foci of poor
      immunoreactivity to predict tumor progression, the correlation was not
      significant. All seven patients who had tumor foci with weak or negative prostate
      specific antigen immunostaining experienced progression of the disease. Of the 12
      patients with only moderate or intense staining, the tumors did not progress in
      eight. This correlation between foci of poor immunoreactivity and progression of
      disease was statistically significant. When the study was repeated by varying the
      technique without awareness of previous grading results, the same predictive
      results were obtained. When results of prostate-specific antigen immunostaining
      were compared with those achieved with prostate-specific acid phosphatase, the
      superiority of the prostate-specific antigen antisera for labeling prostatic
      tissue was evident. This study suggests that prostatic cancers consist of
      subpopulations of cells with differing immunoreactive properties and that the
      presence of cells that lack sufficient differentiation to express normally
      present immunologically recognizable antigens is an indication of potentially
      more aggressive neoplasms.

PMID- 6381285
TI  - Regional mapping of the human gene for lysosomal alpha-glucosidase by in situ
      hybridization.
AB  - The current approach to the chromosomal localization of genes coding for
      lysosomal enzymes has been the correlation of enzymatic and karyotypic analyses
      of human-rodent somatic cell hybrids. The feasibility of regional mapping depends
      on the availability of human cells with informative chromosomal rearrangements.
      In this communication we report the first localization of a gene coding for a
      lysosomal enzyme by in situ hybridization. The application of an acid alpha
      glucosidase cDNA probe to normal human chromosomes allowed direct regional
      mapping of the alpha-glucosidase locus (GAA) to the region q23----q25 of
      chromosome 17.

PMID- 6381287
TI  - 1,8-Dinitropyrene.

PMID- 6381286
TI  - Prevalence of partial deficiency of red cell triosephosphate isomerase in Germany
      -a study of 3000 people.
AB  - During a heterozygote screening of nearly 3000 persons, triosephosphate isomerase
      (TPI) deficiencies in erythrocytes were discovered in 11 unrelated persons,
      showing a residual activity between 39 and 76% of normal activity. Extensive
      genealogic studies were performed to confirm that these persons with TPI
      deficiency were heterozygous carriers. The total heterozygote frequency of
      triosephosphate isomerase deficiencies was 3.7/1000. The persons with
      heterozygous deficiency could be divided into two categories. Subjects of
      category I had a mean residual activity of 49% of the expected normal activity
      and were represented by a frequency of 1.3/1000. Subjects of category II had a
      mean residual activity of 67% of the expected normal activity and were
      represented by a frequency of 2.4/1000. None of the heterozygous persons showed
      an electrophoretic variant. The immunologic specific activity was normal with one
      exception. Therefore, we assume that in many cases of our heterozygous TPI
      deficiencies a TPI protein with a normal specific activity is synthesized to a
      diminished degree.

PMID- 6381288
TI  - Statistical analysis of repetitive subcloning by the limiting dilution technique
      with a view toward ensuring hybridoma monoclonality.
AB  - After empirically determining the adequacy of the Poisson equation for describing
      the distribution of particles in microtiter plate wells under the experimental
      conditions employed for subcloning hybridoma cells, an equation was developed for
      determining the probability of monoclonality after repetitive subclonings. A
      table derived from the equation and based on the percentage of wells showing
      growth allows the rapid evaluation of the likelihood of monoclonality.

PMID- 6381290
TI  - Restoration of the periodontally compromised dentition.

PMID- 6381289
TI  - Distribution of monoclonal antibody-defined monosialoganglioside in normal and
      cancerous human tissues: an immunoperoxidase study.
AB  - The immunoreactivity of a monosialoganglioside antigen defined by monoclonal
      antibody 116NS19-9 (19-9) was studied in neoplastic and normal glandular and
      mucosal epithelia using an indirect immunoperoxidase method. In neoplastic
      mucosae, the antigen was detected in the majority of colorectal and endometrial
      carcinomas, predominantly in a focal staining pattern. A substantial proportion
      of gastric and pancreatic tumors and an occasional breast carcinoma also reacted
      with the monoclonal antibody. Expression of the monosialoganglioside in normal
      colonic mucosa appeared to be restricted to areas adjacent to tumor tissue. In
      gastric mucosa, the antigen was confined to some areas showing intestinal
      metaplasia. The antigen was also detected in the epithelium of normal mucosa of
      the gall bladder and endocervix, as well as in some ductal epithelia of the
      pancreas and salivary glands. Most other mucosae were negative for antigen
      expression.

PMID- 6381291
TI  - Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of bone.

PMID- 6381292
TI  - Induction of immunity against live Mycobacterium lepraemurium: a requirement for
      viable bacilli?
AB  - Live Mycobacterium lepraemurium (MLM) bacilli, bacilli killed by irradiation or
      heat, and the water-soluble components of ultrasonicated bacilli (MLMSon) were
      compared as immunizing and eliciting antigens in C57BL mice which are high
      responders to live MLM. The latency period preceding the development of a local
      granulomatous reaction in normal mice inoculated subcutaneously in the footpad
      with live MLM was reduced, and the reaction became larger when the dose of
      bacilli was increased. Immunization with MLMSon induced only weak initial
      reactivity against an inoculum with live bacilli, but the development of stronger
      reactivity was accelerated and the magnitude of the local reaction that then
      developed was increased. MLMSon-immunized mice showed some reactivity also
      against heat-killed bacilli. Killed bacilli caused the development of a small,
      late local reaction in normal mice, but no local reactivity was detected upon
      challenge with live and killed MLM in mice immunized with killed bacilli.
      However, a local reaction was elicited by MLMSon, which was thus a more potent
      eliciting antigen than intact bacilli, and MLMSon and whole killed bacilli
      appeared to induce immune reactivity with overlapping antigen specificities.
      Subcutaneous inoculation with live bacilli induced reactivity against live MLM
      but not against MLMSon and not against whole killed MLM, except for a transient
      early (24 hr) reaction elicited only with a large dose of killed bacilli. The
      development of a lasting local reaction against killed bacilli was found to be
      suppressed in mice immunized with live bacilli. Live bacilli and dead MLM antigen
      appeared to have largely different specificities as inducing as well as eliciting
      antigens.

PMID- 6381293
TI  - The adherence of Escherichia coli mutants to mouse splenic lymphocytes.

PMID- 6381294
TI  - Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against rat brush border
      antigens of the proximal convoluted tubule.
AB  - In order to understand further the processes involved in immunological injury of
      the kidney, we have prepared monoclonal antibodies against brush border (BB)
      antigens of rat proximal tubule. The 27 antibodies which constitute the basis of
      this report have been cloned, characterized immunochemically, and classified in
      three specificity groups on the basis of tissue reactivity. The first group is
      made up of six antibodies reacting with antigens simultaneously present on BB and
      glomerulus: three are directed against a high molecular weight (MW) protein which
      migrates with an apparent MW of 330,000; two react with a 90,000 MW protein that
      is present diffusely on renal and intestinal BB as well as on endothelial cells;
      one recognizes an antigen exclusively present on superficial tubules and
      glomerular epithelial cells, which could not be chemically characterized. The
      second group is made up of eight antibodies present on renal and intestinal BB:
      five react with a 120,000 MW antigen, one with a 300,000 MW antigen. The third
      group comprises 13 antibodies. Two are directed against antigens present within
      the cytoplasm or the basolateral membranes of renal tubules. Eleven react with
      intracellular antigens probably related to the cytoskeleton. Since they have been
      identified through several fusions, some of the monoclonal antibodies described
      are probably directed against immunodominant proteins of the BB. They open new
      possibilities for purifying the corresponding antigens by affinity chromatography
      as well as for obtaining BB preparations selectively depleted of the strongest
      immunogens thus favouring antibody production to previously unrecognized
      antigens.

PMID- 6381296
TI  - Tropical sprue: a review (part-I).

PMID- 6381295
TI  - Mapping of the genes for tubular basement membrane antigen and a submaxillary
      gland protease in the rat.
AB  - The gene for tubular basement membrane (Tbm) antigen in the rat has been mapped
      relative to other markers in the first linkage group, and a polymorphic locus for
      a submaxillary gland protease, Tamase-1, has been identified. The hair-loss
      mutation fuzzy has also been mapped and occupies a position which is similar to
      that of the frizzy gene in the mouse. There are now at least five, and possibly
      six, genetic loci distributed over more than 30 centimorgans in the first linkage
      group of the rat which map in positions of approximate homology on the seventh
      chromosome of the mouse.

PMID- 6381297
TI  - Effect of combination of H2-receptor antagonist with anticholinergic on gastric
      acid secretion.

PMID- 6381298
TI  - Trimipramine in chronic duodenal ulcer: a double blind controlled study.

PMID- 6381299
TI  - Antibiotic resistance in isolates of Esch. Coli strains from cases of infantile
      gastroenteritis and its correlation with enterotoxigenicity.

PMID- 6381300
TI  - [The Mitsuda reaction and its antigen, good subjects for a bibliography].
AB  - Some references of the history of Mitsuda reaction and its antigen, as well as
      for the results and significance of this unique reaction are presented. In spite
      of the great advances of modern immunology. Mitsuda reaction is still the best
      method for the diagnosis of the forms of hanseniasis and for the prognosis of the
      disease in patients and in healthy persons.

PMID- 6381301
TI  - [In vitro behavior of macrophages of healthy subjects and Hansen patients against
      Mycobacterium leprae].
AB  - The in vitro phagocytic capacity of human macrophages facing M. leprae was
      analysed in a selected sample of healthy and hanseniasis patients (Virchowian and
      tuberculoid) individuals. Families where at least one of the spouses presented
      Hansen's disease were selected and 176 white people were studied. The analysis of
      the macrophages' behavior was performed by reading the slides in the 5th, 10th,
      15th, 20th and 30th days after inoculation of M. leprae. The classification is
      discussed. The results showed a high variability. The main conclusions reached
      are: (a) people differ in their capacity to lyse M. leprae, as measured by their
      macrophages' behavior in vitro; (b) the results obtained give support to
      Beiguelman's theory of the lysis threshold.

PMID- 6381302
TI  - [Familial analysis of the in vitro behavior of human macrophages against
      Mycobacterium leprae].
AB  - The lysogenic capacity of human macrophages facing M. leprae in vitro may be
      dependent on an important genetic component. Although the family aggregation of
      the trait is demonstrated, this is a necessary but not sufficient condition to
      prove genetic influence. The data do not fit some simple genetic models
      (autosomal dominant or incompletely dominant gene; dominant or recessive sex
      linked gene). The results obtained are consistent with the hypothesis that the
      macrophages' lysogenic capacity is mainly due to a major gene with variable
      expressivity. This hypothesis may be too simple to account for the whole
      variability detected and therefore must be considered just as a working
      hypothesis.

PMID- 6381303
TI  - [Personal experiences with the use of peroxidases in the development of
      periodontal pathology].

PMID- 6381304
TI  - [An orodental epidemiologic study in a population of flight personnel on an air
      base].

PMID- 6381305
TI  - Metabolic control in non-septic patients with musculoskeletal injuries.
AB  - Changes in gaseous exchange, plasma substrates and hormones and excretion of
      nitrogen were followed in 13 non-septic male patients, all of whom had sustained
      at least 1 fracture of a long bone. Results were compared with normal subjects
      given glucose to produce a range of substrate and hormone concentrations. Over
      the 3 weeks following injury, oxidation of fat decreased from high levels whilst
      oxidation of carbohydrate rose. This reflected to some extent changes in
      availability of substrate, but early after injury oxidation of fat was higher
      than expected for the concentration of free fatty acids in plasma and later
      oxidation of carbohydrate was increased relative to concentrations of glucose and
      insulin. Concentrations of insulin in plasma were high for the prevailing
      concentrations of glucose, and peak urinary excretion of nitrogen coincided with
      maximum levels of insulin. It was concluded that in the injured patient there are
      changes at the level of utilization and oxidation of plasma substrates as well as
      in their availability, and that there is marked unresponsiveness of protein
      metabolism to the normal anabolic effect of insulin.

PMID- 6381306
TI  - Corticosteroids in the treatment of blunt injury of the chest.
AB  - In a prospective, controlled study, the effects of large doses of
      methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MP) were examined in patients subjected to
      severe blunt injury of the chest. Forty patients with multiple fractures of ribs
      were selected for the study. The majority of the patients had associated
      extrathoracic injuries. Chest X-ray films revealed changes characteristic of
      pulmonary contusion in all cases. Twenty patients were given MP 30 mg/kg body
      weight intravenously and were compared with 20 patients receiving no steroids,
      but who were otherwise treated identically. There were no differences between the
      two groups with respect to the A-VO2 difference and intrapulmonary shunting.
      However, the steroid treatment led to a significant reduction in pulmonary
      vascular resistance and to a reduction of the work of the right side of the
      heart. The number of complications and periods of artificial respiration were
      reduced in the steroid group. All patients survived.

PMID- 6381307
TI  - Response of syphilitic rabbits to reinfection with homologous and heterologous
      Treponema pallidum strains.
AB  - Rabbits infected intradermally with 10(3) Treponema pallidum (Melbourne 1) cells
      were examined for their susceptibility to reinfection with 10(2) T. pallidum
      cells (homologous or heterologous strains) at various intervals after the initial
      infection. At 2.5 weeks after infection, the rabbits were extremely sensitive to
      reinfection and developed syphilitic lesions significantly faster (i.e., shorter
      latent periods) than control rabbits that had not received the initial infection.
      This phenomenon may represent a state of immunosuppression or hypersensitivity in
      the infected rabbits. Whatever its etiology (at present unknown), it was a
      transient state since at 5 weeks after infection the rabbits were no longer
      different from control rabbits in their susceptibility to reinfection. They
      showed neither immunity (i.e., longer latent periods) nor immunosuppression or
      hypersensitivity (shorter latent periods) upon reinfection. At 6.5 weeks after
      infection, two of the three experimental rabbits were fully immune (no lesions
      upon reinfection), whereas the other rabbit exhibited immunosuppression or
      hypersensitivity upon reinfection. At 7.5 and 10 weeks after infection, all of
      the experimental rabbits were immune to reinfection. We conclude that syphilitic
      rabbits show a biphasic response to reinfection, consisting of an early phase of
      enhanced sensitivity to T. pallidum and a later phase of immunity to T. pallidum.

PMID- 6381308
TI  - Monoclonal antibody identifies circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium malariae
      and detects a common epitope on Plasmodium brasilianum sporozoites.
AB  - We produced a hybridoma secreting an immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody
      against the circumsporozoite protein of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium
      malariae (Uganda 1/CDC). The monoclonal antibody produces a circumsporozoite
      precipitation reaction when incubated with viable sporozoites of P. malariae and
      reacts at high titers with heat-fixed sporozoites in an indirect
      immunofluorescent antibody test. Using the purified monoclonal antibody and
      Western blot analysis, we identified two polypeptides with apparent molecular
      weights of 60,000 (Pm 60) and 48,000 (Pm 48) in extracts of P. malariae
      sporozoites. Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of Pm 60 and the
      circumsporozoite protein Pm 48 indicated their isoelectric points to be acidic,
      with values of 5.3 and 4.7 to 5.0, respectively. A two-site immunoradiometric
      assay showed that the circumsporozoite protein recognized by the monoclonal
      antibody contains a repetitive epitope. P. malariae monoclonal antibody also
      reacted strongly with sporozoites of the simian parasite Plasmodium brasilianum,
      indicating a shared epitope on sporozoites of the two species. The P. malariae
      antibody did not bind sporozoite antigens of any other primate malarias,
      including Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, and Plasmodium ovale.

PMID- 6381309
TI  - Protective levels of human immunoglobulin G antibody to group B streptococcus
      type Ib.
AB  - We studied the concentration of circulating human immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody
      to the native capsular polysaccharide of group B streptococcus (GBS) type Ib
      necessary to protect mice against lethal challenge by laboratory and clinical GBS
      Ib strains. Antibody was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in
      which native polysaccharide antigen coupled to human serum albumin was used. The
      assay was standardized by a quantitative precipitation test, using native antigen
      and specific human IgG antibody purified by affinity chromatography. IgG anti-GBS
      Ib antibody level-protection curves for 90% lethal dose challenge of mice were
      sigmoidal. The curves of whole serum and affinity-chromatographed IgG anti-GBS Ib
      were superimposable. The serum concentrations of human antibody required for
      complete protection of mice varied with the infecting strain and ranged from
      0.038 to 0.175 microgram/ml. Protective levels of human IgG anti-GBS Ib were
      lower than those we found previously for homologous protection against GBS Ia
      challenge (range, 0.25 to 1.0 microgram/ml).

PMID- 6381310
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies specific for Escherichia coli J5 lipopolysaccharide: cross
      reaction with other gram-negative bacterial species.
AB  - Four monoclonal antibodies against Escherichia coli J5 were studied. Each of
      these monoclonal antibodies reacted with purified lipopolysaccharides from E.
      coli J5, the deep rough mutant Salmonella minnesota Re595, Agrobacterium
      tumefaciens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 as well as with the purified lipid A
      of P. aeruginosa. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using the outer membranes
      from a variety of gram-negative bacteria demonstrated that these lipid A-specific
      monoclonal antibodies interacted with between 84 and 97% of the gram-negative
      bacterial species tested. One of the monoclonal antibodies, 5E4, was shown to
      interact with 34 of the 35 outer membrane or lipopolysaccharide antigens tested.
      Immunoenzymatic staining of Western electrophoretic blots of separated P.
      aeruginosa outer membrane components was used to demonstrate that antibody 5E4
      interacted with a similar fast-migrating band, corresponding to rough
      lipopolysaccharide, from all 17 serotype strains and all 14 clinical isolates of
      P. aeruginosa. Similarly, iodinated goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin was used to
      detect the binding of monoclonal antibody 8A1 to a fast-migrating band on Western
      electrophoretic blots of purified lipopolysaccharides from Klebsiella pneumoniae
      and both smooth and rough strains of E. coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and S.
      minnesota. These results suggest considerable conservation of single antigenic
      sites in the lipid A of gram-negative bacteria.

PMID- 6381312
TI  - Role of iron in intracellular growth of Trypanosoma cruzi.
AB  - Host hypoferremic responses occur during infection with Trypanosoma cruzi,
      presumably through the transfer of iron to the sites of intracellular parasite
      replication. Depletion of host intracellular iron stores reduces parasite
      pathogenicity. It has therefore been hypothesized that T. cruzi requires iron for
      optimal growth in host cells and that, unlike extracellular pathogens, T. cruzi
      may benefit from host hypoferremic responses. These hypotheses were examined by
      the in vitro infection of peritoneal macrophages with T. cruzi. Various doses of
      desferrioxamine or referrated desferrioxamine were added to the culture medium,
      and parasite growth was monitored. The influence of treatment on uninfected
      macrophage morphology, function, and iron content was also verified.
      Desferrioxamine reduced the rate of amastigote replication in a dose-dependent
      fashion, whereas referrated desferrioxamine did not. The iron content of
      desferrioxamine-treated macrophages was decreased by 55% without provoking
      significant morphological or functional changes. Thus, amastigotes used host cell
      iron stores for optimal growth, and desferrioxamine reduced growth by depleting
      host cell iron. Hence, it was suggested that depletion of host intracellular iron
      stores may protect against T. cruzi and, furthermore, that host responses which
      transfer iron to the intracellular sites of T. cruzi replication may enhance
      parasite pathogenicity.

PMID- 6381311
TI  - Monoclonal antibody analysis of specific antigenic similarities among pathogenic
      Treponema pallidum subspecies.
AB  - Murine monoclonal antibodies directed against a 47,000-dalton immunodominant
      surface-exposed antigen of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (Nichols) were
      isolated. These monoclonal antibodies cross-reacted with analogous 47,000-dalton
      antigens of two other virulent treponemes, T. pallidum subsp. pertenue and T.
      pallidum subsp. endemicum (Bosnia A), as determined by radioimmunoassay and
      immunoblot analyses. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed that the 47,000-dalton
      antigen of T. pallidum subsp. pallidum was a surface-associated cellular
      component. Surface binding assays and immunoelectron microscopic studies also
      suggested that the analogous 47,000-dalton antigenic component of T. pallidum
      subsp. pertenue may not have been oriented toward the bacterial surface in the
      same way as the T. pallidum subsp. pallidum antigen or that the relevant
      antigenic determinant(s) may not have been exposed to the outer surface in the
      same way. The significance of this antigen relative to its apparent conservation
      among pathogenic treponemes and its possible diagnostic and vaccinogenic
      potentials are discussed.

PMID- 6381313
TI  - A longitudinal microbiological investigation of Actinobacillus
      actinomycetemcomitans and Eikenella corrodens in juvenile periodontitis.
AB  - Longitudinal clinical and microbiological monitoring of subjects with localized
      juvenile periodontitis indicated that Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and
      Eikenella corrodens were significantly associated (P less than 0.05) with active
      tissue destruction.

PMID- 6381314
TI  - The extended microbiology of group A streptococcal pharyngitis. Observations
      during a double-blind controlled study of cephalexin twice versus four-times
      daily.
AB  - In a double-blind controlled study we compared the effectiveness of cephalexin
      b.i.d. versus q.i.d. in the treatment of group A streptococcal pharyngitis in 65
      children. Clinical improvement was noted in 64 patients (98%) and bacteriologic
      cure in 60 (92%). Despite good compliance, three bacteriologic failures were
      noted in the q.i.d., and two in the b.i.d. treatment groups. Two of these five
      were carriers. Significant antibody responses were observed in 61% of the
      patients by at least one of three tests (ASO, anti-DNase B, Streptozyme). We also
      investigated the extended microbiology of streptococcal pharyngitis by looking
      for the presence of viruses, chlamydia and beta-lactamase producing organisms in
      the pharynx. Respiratory viruses were isolated concomitantly with Streptococcus
      pyogenes in six patients. Beta-lactamase producing bacteria were present in the
      pharynx of 98% of the patients at the initiation of treatment and comprised 1-98%
      of the total bacterial flora. The beta-lactamase producing flora did not
      significantly change with cephalexin therapy.

PMID- 6381315
TI  - Respiratory virus infection in hospitalized children in Austria 1979-1982.
      Diagnosis by immunofluorescence.
AB  - Nasal secretions from 349 Austrian children under six years of age who were
      hospitalized for respiratory illnesses were screened for the presence of
      respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus 1 and 3, adenovirus and
      influenza A virus over a period of four years by the immunofluorescence
      technique. 35% of the specimens were found to be positive for one of the five
      viruses investigated. RSV was detected in 31% of the nasal secretions and was
      thus the most frequently encountered causative agent of respiratory infections in
      the age group investigated. RSV infections occurred almost exclusively in the
      winter months and were mainly associated with bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Only
      sporadic infections were found with one of the other viruses investigated.

PMID- 6381317
TI  - Bone replacement in surgery of bone tumors.

PMID- 6381316
TI  - A long-term study of hepatitis B virus-related antigens and immunological
      parameters in children with chronic hepatitis.
AB  - Forty-two children with HBsAg positive chronic hepatitis who received
      immunosuppressive therapy underwent multiple liver biopsies over periods ranging
      from one to five years. The presence of HBsAg, HBcAg, deltaAg, antinuclear
      antibodies and immune complexes was studied using immunofluorescent techniques.
      The data were correlated with the clinical status of the patients. The presence
      of HBsAg, HBcAg and deltaAg remained unchanged throughout the study in most
      positive patients. All 30 HBcAg positive cases were still positive at the end of
      the study. One of the negative cases became positive. Eight of the ten delta
      antigen positive cases showed no change. Intrahepatic immunoglobulins, immune
      complexes and antinuclear antibodies showed a decrease in positivity in a
      significant number of patients. Fifteen of the 36 patients positive for
      intrahepatic immunoglobulins became negative during the study, as did 12 of the
      29 immune complex positive subjects and 22 of the 33 antinuclear antibody
      positive cases. The persistence of HBV antigens seems to be independent of the
      clinical course. On the other hand, the persistence of positive immunological
      indices corresponds to a less favourable outcome.

PMID- 6381318
TI  - Management of locally advanced breast cancer (stage III): a review.
AB  - Patients classified as having locally advanced breast cancer constitute a
      heterogeneous population of patients with variable prognoses among subgroups.
      Analysis of reported series has been complicated by the use of a wide variety of
      staging classifications and the inclusion by some (and not by others) of
      inflammatory carcinoma in reporting of end results. In spite of difficulties in
      this literature review, certain conclusions are possible: The 1983 AJCC-UICC
      staging system would appear to be a reasonable system for assuring comparability
      of results in future clinical trials. Although the precise frequency of LABC
      among series cannot be determined with certainty, this presentation probably
      constitutes less than 20% of series in the Western world. Recognizing that
      axillary lymph node status is the single most important prognostic variable in
      primary breast cancer, it has been reported that LABC with large local tumors are
      associated with neoplastic involvement of axillary lymph nodes in 65-80% of
      cases, thus connoting a poor prognosis. Patients with T3N0 lesions may constitute
      a subgroup of patients with relatively indolent (possibly receptor-positive)
      disease who might have a reasonably good prognosis compared with other variants
      of LABC, with approximately 75% to 82% of patients surviving five years with
      surgery alone. Surgery alone for the overall category of LABC is associated with
      a 20-31% ten-year survival rate, with local control varying from 50-75% in two
      reported series. Most radiation therapy (XRT) series deal with patients
      considered inoperable; hence five-year survival statistics in most series range
      between 10-20%. Selected radiation therapy series may yield results comparable to
      surgical series. Where reported, XRT has been associated with median survivals in
      the range of 25 months. Local control with XRT is likely a function of radiation
      dose, and the use of external beam or iridium implant boosts to the primary tumor
      mass for increased local control is worthy of continued study. The combination of
      XRT and mastectomy appears to be superior to either modality alone in terms of
      local control and survival, although this conclusion is based on analysis of
      retrospective studies. Combined modality therapy with systemic therapeutic
      modalities (hormonal and/or chemotherapy) plus the local modalities of surgery
      and radiation therapy appear promising. Prospective controlled trials using a
      uniformly accepted staging classification coupled with gathering of useful
      biological data (such as cytokinetic perturbation data, receptor information,
      marker studies, etc) should lead to improved treatment approaches in the future.

PMID- 6381320
TI  - Endodontic treatment in Israel.

PMID- 6381319
TI  - Endodontic treatment in England.

PMID- 6381321
TI  - Endodontic treatment in Australia.

PMID- 6381322
TI  - Endodontic treatment in Nigeria.

PMID- 6381323
TI  - Endodontic treatment in the GDR.

PMID- 6381324
TI  - Endodontic treatment in China.

PMID- 6381325
TI  - Computer diagnosis of skin disease: system design and preliminary results.
AB  - A system for computer-assisted diagnosis of dermatological disease is described.
      This is an 'expert system' whose knowledge base has been prepared with the aid of
      a dermatological specialist. The user enters the key elements of the patient's
      disease history and physical examination into the computer. The computer then
      returns a summary of the patient's medical record, and a differential diagnosis.
      The rules of operation by which a given diagnosis was included or rejected is
      accessible to the user. The system is currently being evaluated in a large
      dermatology clinic. Preliminary evaluation of the accuracy of diagnosis by the
      computer indicates that while it nearly always includes the correct diagnosis in
      its differential diagnosis (94% of cases), it frequently also includes diseases
      thought to be inappropriate (34% of diseases listed).

PMID- 6381326
TI  - A program for handling data obtained by 'blind' histopathological evaluations.
AB  - An interactive data input, storage, retrieval and treatment system (LAMES) is
      described for use in histopathological studies where pathologists evaluate
      tissues without any identification (termed evaluations which are 'blind'). The
      system produces the mean values of individual groups within an experiment, and
      results of statistical comparisons between the groups. The system was implemented
      on a Hewlett-Packard (HP) 1000-F minicomputer operating under RTE-6/VM, and was
      written using FORTRAN IV.

PMID- 6381327
TI  - Aerosol-bibliography 1980-1983.

PMID- 6381328
TI  - Clinico-pathological features of malignant lymphomas in 294 Hong Kong Chinese
      patients, retrospective study covering an eight-year period.
AB  - The clinical records and histological material from 294 adult Chinese patients
      with malignant lymphoma were examined. These patients were first seen at the
      Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, during the 8-year period 1975-82. There were 27
      patients (9.2%) with Hodgkin's disease (HD) and 267 with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
      (NHL). The median age at presentation was younger for HD (45 years) and the male:
      female ratio was higher (2:1) than the corresponding figures for NHL of 51 years
      and 1.4:1. In 76 patients (28.5% of NHL), the disease was thought to have
      originated in an extra-nodal site, 48 of these cases being gastrointestinal
      lymphomas. It was possible to reclassify 234 NHL according to the Rappaport and
      Kiel classifications, and the Working Formulation (WF) proposed by the US
      National Cancer Institute Study; for HD, the Rye classification was used in 26
      cases where suitable material was available. Nodular/follicular lymphomas made up
      17.1% of nodal NHL and 5.3% of extra-nodal NHL. The "histiocytic" (Rappaport) or
      large-cell (WF) subtype was the commonest amongst diffuse NHL. There were only
      four cases of Burkitt's lymphoma. For HD, the nodular sclerosing subtype was
      commonest in females (5 out of 8 cases) and for males, the commonest was mixed
      cellularity (10 out of 18 cases). Of patients with nodal NHL 64.7%, presented
      with Stage IV disease. For HD, there were about equal numbers of patients
      presenting with Stage II and Stage IV disease (10 and 9 respectively). The low
      incidence of Hodgkin's disease and of follicular lymphomas is comparable to
      figures from other "oriental" countries such as Japan.

PMID- 6381329
TI  - Differentiation features of human pancreatic tumor cells maintained in nude mice
      and in culture: immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies.
AB  - A poorly differentiated human pancreatic adenocarcinoma was maintained in nude
      mice for more than 3 years. When tumor fragments from xenografts were cultivated
      in suspension, some became adherent, allowing cell culture. Cytochemical,
      immunocytological and ultrastructural methods were used to study cell
      differentiation in both solid tumors and cultures. Pancreatic differentiation
      features such as cell polarization, production of secretory granules, and M1 and
      M3 mucus-associated antigens were maintained in the tumor cells, in vivo and in
      vitro. Moreover, in long-term cell cultures, cells were able to organize
      themselves spontaneously into duct-like structures. Other differentiation
      features such as production of pancreatic enzymes and hormones were not
      expressed. However, differentiation patterns such as an intestinal-like brush
      border and the presence of the M3 antigen associated with intestinal mucus were
      observed in both xenografts and cultures. This study shows the possible
      differentiation patterns which can be expressed by the hypothetical tumor
      pancreatic stem cell in nude mice as well as in culture.

PMID- 6381330
TI  - Expression of gastrointestinal carcinoma-associated antigen (GICA) detected in
      human fetal tissues by monoclonal antibody NS-19-9.
AB  - The expression of a gastrointestinal carcinoma-associated antigen (GICA), a
      monosialoganglioside, was investigated in tissues from human fetuses of various
      gestational ages (10-40 weeks). Mouse monoclonal antibody NS-19-9, generated in
      mice immunized with SW1116 human colon carcinoma cells, was used along with a
      second polyclonal antibody to mouse IgG to detect antigen expression as
      visualized by means of the biotin-avidin-peroxidase assay. Sections of snap
      frozen tissues or tissues fixed in 4% formaldehyde, in mercury chloride
      formaldehyde, or in Bouin's solution were used. GICA was consistently detected in
      the mucosal epithelium of the small intestine. In contrast, the mucosal
      epithelium of the colon-rectum contained no detectable GICA, nor could the
      antigen be detected biochemically in extracts from the large intestine. GICA was
      usually found in the epithelium of the larynx, trachea and main bronchi as well
      as in the conjunctiva, lacrimal and salivary glands, gall bladder and ductus
      choledochus, and in the epithelium of the renal pelvis of early and mid-gestation
      fetuses.

PMID- 6381331
TI  - Gastrointestinal cancer-associated antigen (GICA) immunoreactivity in colorectal
      carcinoma in relation to patient survival.
AB  - Immunoreactivity of gastrointestinal cancer-associated antigen (GICA) was studied
      in tissue sections of 311 colorectal cancer patients and the results were
      correlated with data on patient survival. The group of uniformly GICA-positive
      tumours (10.6%) tended to behave more aggressively than focally positive (53.4%)
      and GICA-negative tumours (36.0%), also when stratified for stage of tumour
      extension and histological grade. This trend, however, did not reach statistical
      significance, perhaps as the result of a bias introduced by the relatively small
      number of GICA-positive cases. There appeared to be no significant difference in
      clinical course between patients with GICA focally positive or GICA-negative
      tumours (together comprising 89.4% of the total population studied). Further
      studies including a larger number of patients and longer follow-up periods are
      needed to validate the suggestion that GICA-positive colorectal carcinomas might
      show a more aggressive behaviour than tumours displaying other modes of GICA
      expression. However, the results of our study suggest that GICA immunoreactivity
      in colorectal carcinoma tissue is unlikely to be a sensitive, independent
      parameter for the prediction of prognosis in individual patients.

PMID- 6381332
TI  - Dehiscence of aortic valve prostheses: analysis of a ten-year experience.
AB  - Up to the end of 1982, reoperation for dehiscence of an aortic prosthesis was
      necessary in 5% of patients operated on for primary aortic valve replacement in
      the previous decade at the University of Padova Cardiac Surgery Center. This
      complication occurred early (median time to diagnosis 4 months) and was
      associated with an elevated 30-day operative mortality (27%, 70% CL 19-37%). This
      is probably (P = 0.09) related to preoperative heart failure. The follow-up of
      the traced surviving patients (92%) indicates a continuing poor prognosis with a
      6-year survival rate of only 13.5% (70% CL 5.0-30%). All the events were cardiac
      related and directly or indirectly connected with the persistence or recurrence
      of dehiscence that was observed in 72% of the cases. In the face of these
      results, a retrospective study has been performed to identify, on the basis of
      the available data, the subsets of patients more prone to develop this
      complication. Our results suggest that a significant increased risk (P less than
      0.001) can be identified in patients presenting with bacterial endocarditis
      (12.2% rate), in patients with concomitant aneurysm of the ascending aorta
      (10.9%) and in patients with degenerative regurgitation or severe calcifications
      of their native valve, with rates of 7.0 and 6.0 respectively. In these
      situations particular care is required to avoid undue stress on the annular
      tissue. We also suggest the use of buttressed interrupted sutures.

PMID- 6381333
TI  - A monitoring study of cardiotonic treatment by immunoenzymologic measurement of
      digoxinemia (emit).
AB  - We performed a study on 96 patients to compare monitoring by immunoenzymologic
      measurement (EMIT) of digoxinemia. In doing so, we uniquely relied on clinical
      and electrocardiographic results. Compliance was good because only 9 patients had
      a digoxinemia equal or below 0.8 ng/ml, but we emphasize that our patients were
      hospitalized. Correlation between intoxications and plasmatic levels shows that 5
      patients presented clinical or electrocardiographic signs indicative of digitalis
      intoxication with a digoxinemia less than 2.5 ng/ml and 14 patients without
      intoxication with a digoxinemia higher than 2.5 ng/ml. We point out in this study
      that for EMIT immunoassay it is better to take 2.5 ng/ml as the concentration
      limit to be sure to avoid intoxication.

PMID- 6381334
TI  - A double-blind, interpatient comparison of plain and slow-release ketoprofen in
      osteoarthritis.
AB  - Eighty patients with osteoarthritis of various localization completed a double
      blind, parallel-group trial of 2 weeks' duration comparing the efficacy and
      tolerance of ketoprofen slow-release capsules (150 mg) given either as a morning
      or a midday or an evening dose with that of ketoprofen conventional capsules (50
      mg) 3X daily. All regimens were associated with a statistically significant
      improvement in pain at rest, pain on active motion, quality of sleep, and spine
      flexion, but there was no difference between treatments. The tolerance of
      ketoprofen was also similar in all groups. In view of the alleged better
      compliance of patients with once-daily medications, the new slow-release
      formulation of ketoprofen appears to be a useful alternative to the conventional
      capsules.

PMID- 6381336
TI  - Treatment of depression with L-5-hydroxytryptophan combined with chlorimipramine,
      a double-blind study.
AB  - A double-blind clinical trial was carried out involving 26 hospitalized,
      depressed patients who were randomized into two groups. Patients in each group
      received chlorimipramine (50 mg/day), combined with L-5-HTP (300 mg/day) in Group
      A, and with placebo in Group B. The trial lasted 28 days. Two Group B patients
      dropped out. All the patients were evaluated by HRSD each week, and by ZDSI and
      CGI at the beginning and end of treatment. Several statistical analyses of the
      mean HRSD scores of each item presenting initial positive response and of ZDSI
      scores for both reactive and endogenous depression were performed, using
      Student's t-test. To evaluate the efficacy of the chlorimipramine +L-5-HTP
      combination versus control therapy the Mann-Whitney test was applied to the
      reduction in HRSD scores, showing 0.05 significance. The results for both types
      of pathology were quantitatively and qualitatively more positive for Group A than
      for Group B. Cluster analysis of HRSD item scores alone and between this scale
      and ZDSI, according to Carrol's correlation method for the symptoms of the
      cluster (mood, anxiety and somatic symptoms), was carried out to confirm the
      above results.

PMID- 6381335
TI  - Disease-induced modifications of drug pharmacokinetics.
AB  - This article attempts to help in the understanding of the mechanisms responsible
      for a modified drug pharmacokinetic profile in disease states. The main factors
      influencing the fate of the drug as it moves from the site of administration to
      the sites of elimination are depicted. Changes in absorption kinetics can be due
      to altered gastrointestinal peristalsis and secretions as well as modifications
      of splanchnic blood flow. Pathological states may affect the binding of drugs to
      plasma proteins, mainly human serum albumin and alpha 1 acid glycoprotein. The
      resulting modifications in the free fraction of the drug can cause a change in
      the volume of distribution. The distribution can also be influenced by
      circulatory disorders modifying local blood flows and thus impeding drug entry
      into the tissues. Many diseases can alter hepatic and/or renal clearance. This is
      not surprising since the elimination mechanisms are dependent upon many factors
      such the enzymatic status of the liver, plasma protein binding, and blood flow to
      both the liver and the kidney. Some examples such as the modification of
      furosemide pharmacokinetics in acute renal failure, the impaired metabolism of
      opiate analgesics in hepatic insufficiency, the alterations of the usual
      disposition process in salicylic acid intoxication, and the influence of cardiac
      failure upon some drugs pharmacokinetics, have been chosen to illustrate some of
      the aspects discussed. Some simple rules for making a rational selection of drugs
      in pathological states are also outlined.

PMID- 6381337
TI  - Preliminary results on tolerance and toxicity tests using human fibroblast
      interferon (beta-type) in patients with herpes genitalis infections.
AB  - A pilot placebo-controlled trial of human fibroblast interferon (beta 1-type) by
      local application in the treatment of genital herpes simplex virus infections was
      carried out in 10 young adults (2 men and 8 women). Patients received either
      placebo or human fibroblast interferon 3 times daily for 6 days; they were
      examined on at least seven occasions until healed and monthly thereafter.
      Preliminary observations suggest that human fibroblast interferon treatment as
      compared with placebo significantly reduced virus shedding, new lesion formation
      after 48 hours, and also the duration of genital lesions in both men and women.
      No toxicity was observed. The recurrence rates have been similar in placebo and
      human fibroblast interferon recipients.

PMID- 6381338
TI  - Activity and tolerability of domifen bromide in patients affected by acute
      infectious dental diseases: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
AB  - Thirty-one patients (21 M and 10 F), affected by acute infectious dental disease,
      were treated with domifen bromide (A) or placebo (Pl). It was found that A had a
      beneficial effect on the results of clinical controls and reduced the need for
      the concomitant use of an antibiotic (p = 0.001 and p = .008 respectively).
      Furthermore, after two days of treatment with A, there was a significant decrease
      in pain and inflammation (p less than 0.01). A alone or in combination with an
      antibiotic elicits a good response, improves the prognosis and reduces the number
      of days of illness.

PMID- 6381339
TI  - Variability in human drug metabolism and its implications.
AB  - Apart from the well known factors involved in drug absorption, distribution and
      renal excretion, the major cause for interindividual differences in the kinetics
      of drugs in man is the variability in drug metabolizing activity. A critical
      review of the influence of genetic factors, age, sex, smoking, alcohol, diet,
      liver disease and thyroid disease is undertaken. Additionally, drugs causing
      microsomal induction or inhibition and the effect of exposure to chemicals must
      be known at a relatively early stage in new drug development. "First-pass"
      hepatic effect and enzyme saturation are respectively responsible for the wide
      range of plasma concentrations of some highly liver-extracted drugs or for non
      linear kinetics. The implications of variability in human drug metabolism are
      discussed for drug therapy in daily practice and for new drugs under development.
      It can be concluded that a high degree of interrelationships between genetic and
      environmental factors exists in the case of most drugs and that many drugs
      require dose individualization during actual therapy.

PMID- 6381340
TI  - Reactive metabolites as a cause of hepatotoxicity.
AB  - Many compounds, including established drugs, cause liver damage through
      biotransformation to reactive cytotoxic metabolites which bind covalently to
      hepatic macromolecules. The forms of expression of such injury include acute
      necrosis, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and neoplasia. Hepatotoxicity depends on
      the balance between metabolic activation and inactivation and reduced glutathione
      protects against the toxicity of some agents by trapping their reactive
      electrophilic metabolites. Toxicity is usually increased by induction and
      decreased by inhibition of hepatic microsomal enzymes.

PMID- 6381341
TI  - Effects of macrolide antibiotics on drug metabolism in rats and in humans.
AB  - In rats, troleandomycin induces microsomal enzymes and promotes its own
      transformation into a metabolite forming an inactive complex with the iron (II)
      of cytochrome P-450; eventually, several monooxygenase activities are markedly
      reduced. In humans, troleandomycin also induces microsomal enzymes, and forms an
      inactive cytochrome P-450-troleandomycin metabolite complex; the clearance of
      antipyrine, that of theophylline, and that of methylprednisolone are markedly
      reduced. The concomitant administration of troleandomycin and other drugs may
      produce ischaemic accidents (ergotamine), cholestasis (oral contraceptives) and
      neurologic signs of intoxication (theophylline or carbamazepine). Qualitatively
      similar effects are produced, in rats and in humans, by erythromycin. These
      effects, however, are much weaker than those of troleandomycin. In humans, the
      clearance of antipyrine and that of theophylline are only slightly affected. Drug
      interactions have been reported in a few patients only. Josamycin and midecamycin
      do not form cytochrome P-450-metabolite complexes in rats. In humans, these
      macrolides do not inhibit the clearance of theophylline; midecamycin does not
      inhibit the clearance of antipyrine. Although a case of possible josamycin
      ergotamine interaction has been reported, the role of josamycin may be questioned
      in this isolated instance. Midecamycin, or josamycin, might be preferred to other
      macrolides in those patients who must receive other drugs metabolized by
      cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 6381342
TI  - Estimation of the individual metabolic state and its consideration in optimal
      pharmacotherapy.
AB  - The efficacy and safety of long-term therapy depends on the dose regimen. The
      early recognition of individual pharmacokinetic defects is a professional task of
      the clinical pharmacologist. The application of test compounds has been used to
      differentiate between slow and fast metabolizers. Modern techniques for
      identifying and quantitating drug metabolites facilitate the determination of the
      individual metabolic state without resorting to compounds foreign to the
      particular therapy. This paper exemplifies this principle by examining the
      metabolism and pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine, oxprenolol, hydralazine,
      maprotiline and diclofenac sodium. The systematic collection and analysis of
      representative samples of data is shown to be a prerequisite for the conclusive
      assessment and interpretation of the individual metabolic state.

PMID- 6381343
TI  - Effects of captopril on blood pressure and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
      in hypertensive subjects after inhibition of renal vasodilative system.
AB  - The aim of this study is to contribute to the understanding of the probable role
      of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone, the kallikrein-kinins and the
      prostaglandins systems on the various types of essential hypertension and also
      their contribution to the action of captopril. Nineteen patients, 7 with high and
      12 with normal or low levels of plasma renin activity (PRA), have been studied.
      Captopril (100 mg) was administered in acute dosage, blood pressure was checked
      for two hours and PRA and plasma aldosterone were assayed. The same trial was
      repeated after inhibition of prostaglandin-synthetase with indomethacin and
      kallikrein with trasylol, alternatively, and then with indomethacin and trasylol,
      contemporaneously. Our results showed that the renal vasodilative system was
      probably also involved in the mechanism of action of captopril, but that this
      drug reduced blood pressure mainly through a block of angiotensin II production
      in both groups of patients. Thus the finding of a normal or low PRA does not
      justify the conclusion that angiotensin II is not one of the mechanisms
      responsible for an elevated arterial pressure.

PMID- 6381344
TI  - Chronic oral amrinone therapy in congestive heart failure: a double-blind placebo
      controlled withdrawal study.
AB  - Eighteen patients with congestive heart failure were studied in a double-blind,
      randomized, placebo-controlled withdrawal trial to evaluate the effectiveness of
      chronic oral amrinone therapy when added to conventional heart failure therapy.
      All patients received a four-week lead-in of amrinone 100 mg orally every 8 h,
      then were randomly assigned to either continued amrinone (nine patients) or
      placebo (nine patients) groups. Compared to placebo, chronic amrinone therapy did
      not significantly improve clinical status, left ventricular function as measured
      by non-invasive testing techniques, or exercise tolerance. Side-effects occurred
      in every patient receiving amrinone and abated in those patients who received
      placebo for the last 12 weeks of the study. The limited effectiveness of oral
      amrinone and the high frequency of side-effects preclude the widespread use of
      this drug in the chronic therapy of congestive heart failure.

PMID- 6381345
TI  - Obituary. Dr. Christopher A. Wright.

PMID- 6381346
TI  - Some factors affecting the in vitro invasion of HeLa cells by Trypanosoma cruzi.

PMID- 6381347
TI  - Plasmodium berghei: the effects of suppressor factor on vaccination.

PMID- 6381349
TI  - Parasitological societies of the world.

PMID- 6381348
TI  - Long-term in vitro cultures of Plasmodium berghei and preliminary observations on
      gametocytogenesis.

PMID- 6381350
TI  - [Overdentures: functional and clinical considerations].

PMID- 6381351
TI  - [Selection of alloys in cast fixed dentures].

PMID- 6381352
TI  - [Sealants in the prevention of occlusal caries].

PMID- 6381353
TI  - [A method for the direct preparation in the office of an immediate provisional
      complete denture].

PMID- 6381354
TI  - Review: total doses in fractionated radiotherapy--implications of new
      radiobiological data.
AB  - The total dose in radiotherapy has been adjusted in the past for different
      fractionation schedules by the use of empirical formulae such as NSD, TDF and
      CRE. It is now appropriate to consider fractionation factors which include more
      biological insight in their formulation than was possible earlier. It has become
      clear, from both clinical and experimental animal data, that the total dose in
      multi-fraction irradiations depends more critically on size of dose-per-fraction
      for late than for early damage to normal tissues. This difference has been
      interpreted as due to different shapes of the underlying dose-response curves.
      The late reactions respond with more curvature in the dose-response curve, i.e.
      with more repair capability at very low doses per fraction, than the early tissue
      reactions. A linear-quadratic relationship for the dose-response curves has been
      found to fit experimental data well, with few exceptions. This paper reviews this
      interpretation and explores some of its implications for radiotherapy and for
      radiobiology applied to therapy. Of many repair factors that have been suggested,
      the ratio alpha/beta (of the linear to the quadratic coefficients) is one that
      should be independent of the level of damage assayed. Values of alpha/beta of
      about 10 Gy have been reported for a number of early tissue responses but a range
      of values from about 1 to 5 or 6 Gy for late responses. It is a current challenge
      to radiobiology to explain why this difference occurs. Once such values are known
      for different tissues--and the dangers of premature assumptions are emphasized-
      calculations are possible which might be useful in radiotherapy as an alternative
      to NSD, TDF, CRE etc. Some data are presented on the magnitude of differences
      from these previously used empirical formulae, with a discussion about how easily
      detected the discrepancies might be in clinical practice. Applications to
      hypofractionation, hyperfractionation and accelerated fractionation are
      illustrated.

PMID- 6381355
TI  - A revision of the Spalteholz method for visualizing blood vessels.
AB  - A transparent embedding method is described which enables blood vessels to be
      visualized in the organs of experimental animals. The circulatory system is
      perfused with a mixture of fixatives, latices and a pigment. The tissue is
      embedded in a solid plastic with an appropriate refractory index. The method
      allows the scoring of blood vessel abnormalities in thick sections. It may also
      be of use for quantitative histology and the localization of electrodes in thick
      sections.

PMID- 6381356
TI  - Ocular fluorophotometry in insulin-treated diabetic patients with and without
      retinopathy.
AB  - To look for possible determinators of the pathological readings of vitreous
      fluorophotometry in diabetes reported by other groups, we studied 32 insulin
      treated patients, 22 of whom had fluorescein angiograms without pathological
      changes, while 10 had background retinopathy. 14 healthy subjects matched for age
      and blood pressure served as controls. Sodium fluorescein, 17 mg/kg body weight,
      was injected intravenously and ocular fluorophotometry performed 60 and 120
      minutes later. Blood drawn 5, 45 and 120 minutes after the injection was assayed
      for total and ultrafiltrable fluorescein and the intraocular readings corrected
      for average preceding free plasma fluorescein. Patients without retinopathy did
      not differ from controls in any intraocular measure, while patients with
      retinopathy showed significantly increased readings in the posterior (60 min: 12
      +/- 7 vs. 6 +/- 4, p less than 0.01, 120 min: 26 +/- 35 vs. 11 +/- 5, p less than
      0.05) and middle vitreous (60 min: 6 +/- 3 vs. 3 +/- 3, p less than 0.001, 120
      min: 11 +/- 5 vs. 8 +/- 5, p less than 0.01 (X 10(-9) g/ml fluorescein, mean +/-
      SD)). No significant relations to systolic or diastolic blood pressure, blood
      glucose, hemoglobin Alc or serum creatinine were found in any of the diabetic
      groups. Re-examination of 7 patients 4-14 days later in a non-fasting state
      showed no significant changes.

PMID- 6381357
TI  - Removable partial denture design and potential stress to the periodontium.

PMID- 6381358
TI  - Placement of crown margins in patients with altered passive eruption.

PMID- 6381359
TI  - The theory and clinical management of centric positions: I. Centric occlusion.

PMID- 6381360
TI  - The intracrevicular restorative margin, the biologic width, and the maintenance
      of the gingival margin.

PMID- 6381362
TI  - Experimental periodontal treatment in humans. I. Subgingival root planning with
      and without chlorhexidine gluconate rinses.

PMID- 6381361
TI  - Long-term results of autogenous bone grafts.

PMID- 6381363
TI  - China: traditional healing and contemporary medicine.
AB  - This paper shows how the health professions must meet the demands posed by
      China's vast geographical area, her population problem, her increasing
      technological development and economic situation, by utilizing available health
      resources as well as manpower in order to fulfil 'the national guarantee--to
      serve the people'.

PMID- 6381364
TI  - Cytochemistry of fat absorption.

PMID- 6381366
TI  - [Pharmacologic aspects of long-term drug therapy].

PMID- 6381365
TI  - Chemotactic factors associated with leukocyte emigration in immune tissue injury:
      their separation, characterization, and functional specificity.

PMID- 6381367
TI  - [Critical remarks on the therapy of hypertension].

PMID- 6381368
TI  - [Strategies for long-term therapy in advanced, chronic heart insufficiency].

PMID- 6381369
TI  - [Long-term prognosis following operative and conservative therapy of patients
      with coronary heart disease].

PMID- 6381370
TI  - [A 35-year-old female patient with fever, thrombocytopenia, massive organ
      hemorrhage, kidney failure and severe neurologic disorders].

PMID- 6381371
TI  - [Malignant transformation of chronic lymphatic leukemia (Richter syndrome)].

PMID- 6381373
TI  - A primate model of human corneal transplantation.
AB  - Human donor corneas were used for penetrating keratoplasty in one eye of each of
      12 rhesus monkeys. In six animals, a 9.5-mm cornea was sutured into a 9.0-mm
      recipient bed by means of interrupted 10-0 nylon sutures. Six other animals
      received a 6.5-mm cornea in a 6.0-mm bed. Biomicroscopy, pachymetry, and specular
      microscopy revealed two distinct healing patterns. Of the six eyes receiving the
      smaller grafts, five showed prompt, stable clearing and thinning of the grafts
      with endothelial cell densities ranging from 850 to 1600 cells/mm2 Two of the six
      animals receiving larger grafts developed fibrinous reactions in the immediate
      postoperative period, and the grafts never cleared. Three showed a satisfactory
      early course, but after 10-16 days, developed endothelial keratic precipitates,
      anterior chamber reaction, and progressive graft edema. The sixth graft remained
      technically satisfactory 1 year later. This study indicates that the application
      of small human donor grafts in monkey eyes can provide a useful, clinical model
      for the future exploration of the response of human corneal transplants to
      materials such as epidermal growth factor and for the study of surgical
      manipulation of postkeratoplasty astigmatism.

PMID- 6381372
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to Muller's cells of the retina.
AB  - The immunohistologic properties of two monoclonal antibodies produced by
      hybridomas generated from bovine retinal S-antigen (S-Ag) immunized mice were
      investigated. These monoclonal antibodies demonstrated a low antibody titer to
      the original S-Ag preparation by the ELISA method. Immunohistologic studies using
      avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) showed strong specific binding to the
      retinal Muller cells of all species tested (human, bovine, guinea pig and rat), a
      weaker binding to cell bodies and proximal component of the outer segments of the
      photoreceptor, but no apparent binding to the distal component of the outer
      segments of the photoreceptor cells.

PMID- 6381374
TI  - The inflammatory role of endotoxin in rabbit gram-negative bacterial
      endophthalmitis.
AB  - The authors used the limulus lysate assays to measure the amount of gram-negative
      endotoxin produced in two rabbits with experimentally induced gram-negative
      (Escherichia coli) endophthalmitis. A similar amount of purified enodotoxin was
      injected into the eyes of 14 rabbits to determine the rate of clearance of
      endotoxin from the rabbit eyes. Endotoxin was found in clinically inflammatory
      quantities 2 weeks after injection. Results of pathologic examination showed that
      endotoxin incites severe inflammatory responses in the eye, affecting the ciliary
      body, vitreous, choroid, retina, and optic nerve. These results suggest that the
      limulus lysate assay may be useful for detecting early gram-negative
      endophthalmitis, and that in such cases, early emergency vitrectomy may be needed
      to remove the inflammation-inciting endotoxin and preserve useful vision.

PMID- 6381375
TI  - Enucleation in consort with immunologic impairment promotes metastasis of
      intraocular melanomas in mice.
AB  - A series of investigations was employed to determine if metastases of intraocular
      melanomas could be induced by experimental manipulations. Syngeneic B16F10
      melanoma cells transplanted intracamerally into C57BL/6 mice produced
      progressively growing intraocular tumors, yet formed only occasional pulmonary
      metastases. Neither enucleation nor mechanical manipulation of the melanoma
      containing eye promoted a significant increase in the incidence of metastases.
      Likewise, immunologic impairment in the form of natural killer cell deficiency, T
      lymphocyte deficiency, or gamma-irradiation-induced lymphopenia failed to produce
      spontaneous metastases in intraocular melanoma-bearing mice. However, enucleation
      in consort with immune impairment (T-cell deficiency) produced a sharp increase
      in the incidence and number of pulmonary metastases in intraocular melanoma
      bearing mice. Further studies showed that external pressure to the tumor
      containing globe (without enucleation) produced extensive metastases in athymic,
      nude mice. By contrast, atraumatic enucleation of rapidly frozen eyes prevented
      metastasis of intraocular melanomas in similar hosts. Collectively, the results
      indicate that induction of distant metastases in hosts harboring intraocular
      melanomas requires two simultaneous processes: (1) mechanical manipulation of the
      melanoma-containing eye, and (2) concomitant impairment of T-cell-dependent
      immune processes. The data strongly suggest that mechanical manipulation of
      melanoma-containing eyes produces intravascular showers of melanoma cells that
      are rejected by T-cell-dependent immune processes in the immunocompetent host. In
      the absence of these normal T-cell-dependent immune mechanisms, enucleation
      induced showers of blood-borne melanoma cells gain a foothold in the lung and
      form progressive metastases.

PMID- 6381376
TI  - The human tumor cloning assay in cancer drug development. A review.
AB  - Animal studies with transplantable tumor cell lines suggested that the
      sensitivities of the in vitro tumor cultures to certain anticancer drugs agreed
      with the drug sensitivities of the same tumors in vivo. Soft agar cloning
      techniques have been established for human myeloma and ovarian cancer cells.
      Refinement of the techniques now permits cloning of most human malignancies. Drug
      sensitivity studies have been conducted measuring the reduction in the number of
      tumor colonies formed. Clinical trials showed that approximately one half of
      patients whose cells demonstrate in vitro sensitivity to a drug will obtain a
      clinical response to the same drug. Patients whose cells appear resistant to a
      certain drug in vitro rarely respond to the drug clinically. In vitro drug
      sensitivity testing may eventually allow some individualization of chemotherapy.
      In addition it already appears that these techniques may be excellent for
      screening new drugs with specific anticancer potentials.

PMID- 6381377
TI  - Diaziquone (AZQ).
AB  - Diaziquone is an aziridinylbenzoquinone with properties suggestive of an
      alkylating agent. The drug has shown broad antitumor activity against numerous
      transplantable murine tumors including curative activity against several
      intracerebrally implanted tumors. Parent diaziquone appears to have a t1/2 beta
      of approximately 30 min. The drug is rapidly and widely distributed to tissues as
      evidenced by a t1/2 alpha of approximately 1-3 min and a volume of distribution
      exceeding that of total body water. In addition, it rapidly penetrates the
      central nervous system, reaching peak concentrations (30-50%) of corresponding
      plasma levels) in approximately one hour. Diaziquone is rapidly and extensively
      metabolized by the liver. Diaziquone is a potent marrow suppressive agent
      inducing significant degrees of leukopenia, granulocytopenia, and
      thrombocytopenia in humans. Thrombocytopenia is often severe. Although
      myelosuppression is for the most part dose related, many patients had significant
      toxicity even at lower doses. Most investigators have attributed this to the
      extent of prior therapy. Diaziquone demonstrates a very steep dose-response
      relationship. Myelosuppression was the dose-limiting toxicity in all phase I
      trials. No nonhematologic dose-limiting toxicity has been identified to date. In
      phase I and preliminary phase II trials, diaziquone has demonstrated activity
      against primary brain tumors. Little activity has been seen in other tumor
      categories. It should be noted, however, that all studies to date have been
      carried out in heavily pretreated patients. Because of the broad spectrum of
      antitumor activity in experimental murine tumors, the lack of nonhematologic dose
      limiting toxicity, the ability of this drug to attain significant levels in the
      central nervous system, and the activity of the drug in primary brain tumors,
      further studies examining its role in the management of patients with cancer are
      warranted. These studies should be conducted in patients who have had little or
      no prior therapy in order to better evaluate the efficacy of the drug.

PMID- 6381378
TI  - The clinical information system. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center system
      for clinical oncology.
AB  - Clinical investigation of new therapies generates a tremendous amount of patient
      information. Much of this information is also used to direct the day to day care
      of the individual patients. It is imperative that these data be collected in a
      systematic manner that includes an efficient and flexible quality control
      mechanism and the ability to rapidly and easily retrieve individual study
      parameters for specific patients. In addition, statistical analyses must often be
      performed on subsets of the patient information and the results of these analyses
      presented in the form of a report. A computerized system that accomplishes each
      of these goals and several others has been developed at the Memorial Sloan
      Kettering Cancer Center. The Clinical Information System is described and
      examples of its capabilities are presented.

PMID- 6381379
TI  - Spiromustine: a new agent entering clinical trials.
AB  - Spiromustine is a new alkylating agent, of interest since it was rationally
      designed as a lipophilic compound capable of penetrating the CNS. This
      lipophilicity may also enhance alkylating activity against tumors other than
      brain tumors. Preclinical screening has shown activity against a variety of
      tumors, including an intracranially implanted ependymoblastoma. Alkylating
      activity has been demonstrated in an intracerebral glioma in the rat.
      Spiromustine is a cell cycle non-specific agent. Animal pharmacology studies have
      shown a biphasic plasma decay curve, with hepatic metabolism and excretion, an
      enterohepatic circulation of metabolites, and approximately 50% renal excretion
      of unchanged drug. Toxicology studies in mice, rats and dogs showed that dose
      related myelosuppression, and neurotoxicity predominated; other organ toxicities
      were mild. Spiromustine is currently entering Phase I clinical trials on a
      variety of schedules.

PMID- 6381380
TI  - The human tumor colony-forming chemosensitivity assay: a biological and clinical
      review.
AB  - Over forty papers describing correlations between in vitro human tumor
      sensitivity to a variety of chemotherapeutic agents and the in vivo response of
      patients to those agents have been published since the publication in 1978 by
      Salmon and Hamburger of their results of a human tumor colony-forming
      chemosensitivity assay (CFCA). The true positive rate in over 1600 correlations
      is 71% and the true negative rate is 94%. The biological elements of the assay,
      its developmental history, its place in the spectrum of in vitro chemosensitivity
      assays, and its theoretical and practical limitations are discussed. The scope,
      design, and limitations of key clinical trials are presented and an analysis of
      the potential errors of statistical interpretation of the trials as well as the
      results of the trials is given.

PMID- 6381381
TI  - Tiazofurin: a new antitumor agent.
AB  - Tiazofurin is an interesting drug now entering Phase I trials, with marked
      preclinical antitumor activity against P388 and L1210 leukemias, and the Lewis
      lung carcinoma. Schedule dependency favoring frequent administration has been
      noted. The drug has a novel mechanism of action, being metabolized to an
      inhibitory cofactor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase. Tiazofurin is widely
      distributed after i.v. administration exhibiting a triphasic pattern of plasma
      decay, with a terminal half-life of 3-16 h in the three species studied.
      Approximately 90% of the drug was excreted unchanged in the urine within 24 h. A
      significant potential for the slower release of intracellularly retained drug
      exists. Anticipated organ toxicities based on the studies described include
      myelotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. These were mild and reversible
      at lower doses, and were not seen at levels corresponding to the starting doses
      in man. A potential for hyperuricemia exists; this should be easily controllable
      by the use of allopurinol, without compromising the drug's antitumor effect.
      Phase I trials under the sponsorship of the NCI are underway in a number of
      institutions.

PMID- 6381382
TI  - ASTA Z 7557 (INN mafosfamide) for the in vitro treatment of human leukemic bone
      marrows.
AB  - The in vitro treatment of leukemic bone marrows, collected during complete
      remission, aims at eliminating residual blast cells prior to freezing and
      preservation, while sparing normal hematopoietic stem cells. We report our
      experience on the activity of ASTA Z 7557 on human leukemic (CFU-L) and normal
      hematopoietic stem cells. The sensitivity of human leukemic and normal progenitor
      cells (CFU-c), detected in semi-solid media cultures, is similar. However, pre
      CFUc progenitors detected in long term marrow cultures are much less sensitive to
      ASTA Z 7557. Therefore autologous bone marrow transplantation can successfully be
      done with pretreated marrows containing 5 +/- 5% residual CFUc. The wide range of
      stem cells sensitivity to ASTA Z 7557 justify the predetermination of the optimal
      dose of drug for incubation prior to marrow collection for each individual
      patient. Our preliminary clinical experience is exposed.

PMID- 6381383
TI  - Toxicity of ASTA Z 7557 (INN mafosfamide) to normal- and leukemic stem cells:
      implications for autologous bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - The activity of the in vitro active cyclophosphamide metabolite ASTA Z 7557
      against pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells (CFU-S), in vitro myeloid precursor
      cells (CFU-C) and clonogenic leukemic cells (LCFU-S) was evaluated in a rat model
      for human acute myelocytic leukemia (BNML). LCFU-S were most sensitive (D0 = 10.9
      X 10(-6) M), followed by CFU-C (D0 = 16.4 X 10(-6) M), while CFU-S were least
      sensitive (D0 = 22.1 X 10(-6) M). Per cell population there were considerable
      variations in response when identical drug concentrations were tested in
      different experiments under the same standardized conditions. Furthermore, the
      concentration of leukemic cells in a normal marrow cell suspension appeared to
      correlate with the cytotoxic action of the drug against leukemia. A decreased
      cytotoxicity was already observed in mixtures containing 1 leukemic cell per 10
      normal marrow cells. The implications of these findings in the BNML model for
      human autologous bone marrow transplantation are discussed.

PMID- 6381384
TI  - Autologous bone marrow transplantation for acute leukemia using transplant
      chemopurified with metabolite of oxazaphosphorines (ASTA Z 7557, INN
      mafosfamide). First clinical results.
AB  - The contamination of autologous marrow with clonogenic tumor cells has been the
      main argument against ABMT in acute leukemia. In a preclinical study we evaluated
      an active cyclophosphamide derivative named "ASTA Z 7557". We observed that the
      toxic effect of this drug on CFU-GM growth was dependent on nucleated cell
      concentration as well as on red blood cell contamination. The potency of the drug
      was in close relationship with the incubation temperature. The growth of leukemic
      CFU was inhibited with an ASTA Z dose higher than 30 micrograms/ml. In our
      system, beyond 40 micrograms/ml more than 95% of committed stem cells are
      destroyed. Fifteen patients had autotransplant because of AML for 10 patients and
      because of ALL for 5 patients (4 patients were grafted in relapse and 11 patients
      in remission). We demonstrated that the marrow take was possible although the
      inoculum is CFU-GM depleted. Five of the 10 AML patients are alive and remain
      disease-free at 45+, 65+, 190+, 345+ and 570+ days from ABMT without any
      maintenance treatment. Four of the 5 ALL patients are alive, three of them in
      complete remission (40+, 110+, 250+ days). The number of patients reported in
      this clinical study was relatively small and more cases should be evaluated to be
      conclusive. Nevertheless the feasibility of chemopurified ABMT was demonstrated.

PMID- 6381385
TI  - Enhanced drug retention in VX2 tumors by use of degradable starch microspheres.
AB  - Twenty-nine rabbits with 12- to 14-day-old VX2 tumors in the hind leg were
      injected intraarterially with technetium-99m (99mTc) DTPA and various
      combinations of biodegradable starch microspheres, Spherex (Pharmacia, Sweden),
      to evaluate the efficacy of the microspheres in enhancing tumor retention of
      99mTc DTPA. A gamma camera and nuclear medicine computer were used to generate
      time activity curves of 99mTc DTPA concentration in the tumors. Blood flow to the
      tumor and various muscles was also measured at intervals by left ventricular
      injection of 15 micron radiolabeled plastic microspheres. Ninety minutes
      following the administration of 99mTc DTPA, specimens from the tumor, plasma and
      different muscles were counted in a NaI well counter connected to a multichannel
      analyzer. When biodegradable microspheres mixed with 99mTc DTPA were injected and
      followed by a slow infusion of plain starch microspheres, the 99mTc DTPA was
      retained in the tumor at concentrations up to 11 times that seen when 99mTc DTPA
      alone was injected; the corresponding biological half-time was 13 times longer
      than control values. Additionally, the degree of drug retention was inversely
      related to blood flow, with retention increasing as blood flow decreased. The
      results have possible applications to the use of biodegradable microspheres in
      the intraarterial delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to solid tumors.

PMID- 6381386
TI  - Trouble shooting complete dentures.

PMID- 6381387
TI  - Freyer prostatectomy using a Malament suture--a five-year review.

PMID- 6381388
TI  - Intraventricular haemorrhage in the newborn: current concepts.

PMID- 6381389
TI  - The truth about Munchausen et al.

PMID- 6381390
TI  - Biographical sketches--No. 42. Chekhov.

PMID- 6381391
TI  - Septicemia due to Corynebacterium haemolyticum.
AB  - A 65-year-old man in generally good health presented with symptoms of sepsis and
      mental confusion. Corynebacterium haemolyticum was isolated from three blood
      cultures, and a significant increase in the titer of immunofluorescent antibodies
      to the infecting organism was observed. Antigen of C. haemolyticum was
      demonstrated by double immunodiffusion in samples of cerebrospinal fluid and
      urine. The patient recovered after i.v. administration of 20 Mu/day penicillin.
      This is, to the best of our knowledge, the third reported human infection with C.
      haemolyticum with involvement of the central nervous system.

PMID- 6381392
TI  - Vienna General Hospital--"Allgemeines Krankenhaus"--bicentennial.

PMID- 6381394
TI  - Pharmacology of gentamicin in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.

PMID- 6381393
TI  - Experimental mycobacterial infections of CBA/N mice.
AB  - In an effort to assess the contribution of B-lymphocyte-mediated mechanisms to
      the immune responses to several mycobacteria, responses to these intracellular
      pathogens were compared in immunologically normal CBA/CaHN mice and in
      histocompatible CBA/N (Xid) mice, which exhibit abnormalities of B-lymphocyte
      function. Swelling in response to local inoculation with Mycobacterium marinum
      was significantly greater in the hind feet of CBA/CaHN mice than in those of
      CBA/N mice, but the difference was very small. Survival of mice of both strains
      after i.v. challenge with M. marinum or i.p. challenge with M. leprae-murium did
      not differ significantly. Finally, multiplication of M. leprae in the footpads of
      mice of both strains did not differ significantly. Thus, B-lymphocyte-mediated
      mechanisms do not appear to be important in the immune responses of mice in
      experimental infections with these mycobacterial species.

PMID- 6381395
TI  - Effect of dexamethasone on the survival of whole-body irradiated mice.

PMID- 6381396
TI  - Alterations in lymphocyte recognition repertoire during ageing. I. Analysis of
      changes in immune response potential of B lymphocytes from non-immunized aged
      mice, and the role of accessory cells in the expression of that potential.
AB  - The repertoire of specificities recognized by endogenous plaque-forming cells of
      young or aged mice has been examined, as well as the repertoire of specificities
      represented by mitogen-activated B cells of those animals. Significant changes
      occur in both polyclonal endogenous plaque-forming cells and polyclonal B cell
      responsiveness, as well as reactivity for antigens expressed on bromelain-treated
      mouse erythrocytes and mouse Ig-coupled sheep erythrocytes. Adoptive transfer
      experiments suggest that these changes reflect a role for the differentiative
      environment in the regulation of the B cell recognition repertoire. Additional
      analysis of changes in antigen-presenting cells in aged mice suggest that
      alterations in the manner of presentation of environmental antigens in vivo may
      control the expressed B cell repertoire. Indeed, under experimental conditions it
      has proven less easy to induce B cell/macrophage restriction (for antigen
      presentation and induction of antibody formation) in cells of old animals than in
      cells of younger mice.

PMID- 6381397
TI  - Atypical bone angiomas in children.
AB  - Bone angiomas can present in a variety of clinical, radiological and histological
      forms. The two cases reported illustrate unusual and fairly rare aspects of this
      vascular tumor.

PMID- 6381398
TI  - Developments in asbestos-related disease.

PMID- 6381399
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid--a re-examination.

PMID- 6381400
TI  - Unintended consequences of prospective payment: erosion of hospital financial
      position and cost shifting.
AB  - The reform of the Medicare hospital reimbursement system proposed by HCFA may
      create incentives for hospitals to transfer costs to other payers, thus reducing
      the financial incentives to increase efficiency.

PMID- 6381401
TI  - The association of capital budgeting techniques with hospital financial
      performance.
AB  - Major findings indicate that the presence of a long-range plan is the only
      capital budgeting dimension that is significantly associated with financial
      performance in a sample of 87 hospitals. This finding is consistent with earlier
      research in business firms. It supports the general notion that more emphasis
      should be placed on planning and less on specific management techniques.

PMID- 6381403
TI  - [Pediatric dermatology].

PMID- 6381402
TI  - [Dermatology in Vienna and the German Dermatologic Society. A historical
      perspective].

PMID- 6381404
TI  - [Phlebology].

PMID- 6381405
TI  - [Pathology, immunology and serology of syphilis].

PMID- 6381406
TI  - [Basement membranes--structure, function, pathology].
AB  - Basement membranes are extracellular structures with a heterogeneous molecular
      composition. Several components have been identified and could be localized in
      specific morphological structures. Type IV collagen is found in the lamina densa,
      whereas laminin is the major component of the lamina lucida. Small amounts of
      heparan sulfate proteoglycan are also present in the lamina lucida. In some
      basement membranes, fibronectin and another glycoprotein, nidogen, could be
      identified. Epidermal basement membranes contain, in addition, the bullous
      pemphigoid antigen. Basement membranes are involved in several diseases and play
      an important part in tumor progression. Antibodies against distinct components of
      basement membranes have been shown to be useful as diagnostic tools in bullous
      disorders (e.g., epidermolysis bullosa) and for identifying the extracellular
      matrix of skin tumors (e.g., neurofibroma, cylindroma, granular cell
      myoblastoma).

PMID- 6381407
TI  - [Pemphigus herpetiformis].
AB  - Clinically, pemphigus herpetiformis closely resembles dermatitis herpetiformis
      Duhring. Histologically, however, it is characterized by acantholysis and
      eosinophilic spongiosis. Immunohistology revealing IgG bound in the intercellular
      space of the epidermis enables the correct diagnosis.

PMID- 6381408
TI  - [Atheroma in an oil painting in the art museum in Brescia].

PMID- 6381409
TI  - Integrating the child with spina bifida into school.

PMID- 6381410
TI  - Facial fractures: Hippocratic management.
AB  - Hippocrates, the famous Greek physician of the fifth century B.C., is considered
      to be the "Father of Medicine." Little, however, is known about his principles
      for the management of facial trauma. In this article, the Manuscripts in Ancient
      Greek, which deal with the management of mandibular fractures and dislocations,
      and with nasal and midfacial fractures have been translated and discussed.
      Hippocrates' methods for reducing mandibular dislocations and treating fractures
      of the mandible by wiring the teeth and immobilizing the jaw are described. His
      technique of closed reduction and immobilization of deviated nasal fractures with
      internal packing and rigid dorsal splints remains timeless. Hippocrates has
      taught us how to achieve medical wisdom through accurate clinical observation and
      practical creative ideas. The discovery of x-rays and antisepsis only furthered
      his established sound principles for the management of facial trauma.

PMID- 6381411
TI  - CME program. Tracheotomy and inhalation injury.
AB  - Indications for tracheotomy in patients with respiratory burns have been unclear.
      Much of the literature is inconclusive or misleading. A thorough understanding of
      the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy of inhalation injury is necessary to
      understand the role of tracheotomy. A critical review reveals relatively clearcut
      indications for the use of tracheotomy in inhalation injury, but many unanswered
      questions. Increased participation by otolaryngologists in burn management is
      recommended.

PMID- 6381412
TI  - Internal carotid artery aneurysm: a singular anomaly.
AB  - A 9-year-old Indian boy was found to have an aneurysm of the left internal
      carotid artery. The vessel was heavily atherosclerosed, and the distal segment of
      the artery was tortuous and dilated. Serum lipid estimations showed the presence
      of type IIB hyperlipoproteinemia, with evidence of the disease in the patient's
      identical twin sibling and 37-year-old father. There was also a marginal increase
      in serum triglycerides in a 4-year-old younger brother. The patient's 29-year-old
      mother was unaffected. The patient had suffered hemolytic disease as a newborn,
      which resulted in kernicterus and subsequent mental retardation. This incident is
      considered to have been the result of a proven glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      deficiency. The aneurysm was resected and arterial continuity was ensured by
      using an end-to-end anastomosis. Post-operative blood flow studies showed normal
      flow patterns in the reconstituted artery. Postoperatively, the patient's mental
      performance increased dramatically; it is hypothesized that such progress is the
      consequence of an improvement in the blood supply to the limbic system, following
      the operative procedure.

PMID- 6381413
TI  - Approach to hospital-acquired pneumonias.

PMID- 6381414
TI  - Research for clinical practice: physiological phenomena.

PMID- 6381415
TI  - Perspectives on exercise and aging.
AB  - This discussion has particular implications for those involved in the care of the
      older patient with cardiac disease Without increased attention to research that
      addresses exercise and aging, decisions about the future activity of the elderly
      person who has sustained a coronary event may be biased by subjective notions.
      The question remains regarding whether this individual will be given the same
      options for rehabilitation as one who happens to be middle-aged. Clearly, there
      is a need to study the responses to exercise of the elderly with and without
      diagnosed heart disease. There is also need for a greater number of longitudinal
      studies such as those of Robinson et al. These studies might compare the exercise
      responses of active, inactive, and athletic individuals from young adulthood to
      old age.

PMID- 6381416
TI  - Internships for nurses.

PMID- 6381417
TI  - Where does the hospital discharge planner go from here?

PMID- 6381418
TI  - [Bullous pemphigoid (a clinical survey of 62 cases)].

PMID- 6381419
TI  - [Criteria for repair or healing of tissues after periodontal therapy].

PMID- 6381420
TI  - [The presurgical definition and estimation of the probable difficulties in
      extractions of impacted mandibular third molars].

PMID- 6381421
TI  - [Aspects on the current status of the treatment of periodontal diseases (goals-
      criteria--evaluation)].

PMID- 6381422
TI  - [Aspects on the current status of the treatment of periodontal disease (goals-
      criteria--evaluation)].

PMID- 6381423
TI  - [Closing of median laparotomies: interrupted versus continuous sutures using slow
      absorption thread].

PMID- 6381424
TI  - Experimental study on repair of lacerated tendons.

PMID- 6381425
TI  - Histochemical and immunohistochemical localization of hexokinase isoenzymes in
      rat kidney.
AB  - Histochemical and immunohistochemical staining techniques have been used to
      investigate the localization of hexokinase isoenzymes within rat kidney tissue.
      Hexokinase type I was shown to be the major isoenzyme present. It was located
      mainly in the thin and thick limbs of loops of Henle, in distal tubules and in
      the transitional or dark cells in the initial portions of collecting ducts. The
      smooth muscle cells of arteries and arterioles, peripheral nerves and the
      transitional epithelial cells lining the renal pyramid also contained large
      amounts of the isoenzyme while smaller quantities were present in glomeruli and
      in collecting tubules near the papillary tip. The distribution pattern obtained
      in tubular epithelia agrees well with that demonstrated in earlier
      microdissection studies. It is also consistent with the suggestion that
      glycolysis provides the majority of the energy fuelling the sodium transport
      mechanisms which form such an essential feature of the countercurrent urine
      concentration system present within the renal medulla.

PMID- 6381426
TI  - Fixation, decalcification, and tissue processing effects on articular cartilage
      proteoglycans.
AB  - Neutral buffered 4% formaldehyde fixation for 48 h preserved well the
      proteoglycan content of bovine articular cartilage. Neither subsequent
      demineralization in 10% EDTA, nor light microscopic tissue processing, reduced
      the hexosamine or uronic acid content of the tissue. Fixation in alcoholic
      solutions increased Safranin O binding as well as periodic acid Schiff reaction
      of the cartilage matrix as measured by microspectrophotometry. It is suggested
      that the enhanced staining of cartilage was due to better preservation of the
      glycoprotein oligosaccharides. Quaternary ammonium salts in the fixative
      suppressed the staining of cartilage matrix with Safranin O.

PMID- 6381427
TI  - Coexistence of renin and angiotensin II in epitheloid cell secretory granules of
      rat kidney.
AB  - The distribution of renin and angiotensin II (ANG II) in juxtaglomerular
      epitheloid cells of control and adrenalectomized rats was studied, using specific
      antisera and the protein A-gold technique in Lowicryl- and glycol methacrylate
      embedded tissue. The matrix of virtually all mature secretory granules of
      epitheloid cells contains not only renin, but also ANG II. On adrenalectomy, the
      concentration of both renin and On adrenalectomy, the concentration of both renin
      and ANG II in the granule internum increases markedly, as indicated by the
      density of the immunolabel. Given the coexistence of renin and ANG II in the
      granule matrix, it is quite probable that, with each secretory event, a certain
      amount of ANG II is released together with renin. Further experiments will have
      to show if this amount of ANG II cosecreted with renin is sufficient to elicit
      immediate local intrarenal actions. ANG I, as well as angiotensinogen and
      converting enzyme, were not found in epitheloid cells. It is therefore inferred
      that ANG II is not generated intracellularly, but within the extracellular space
      and subsequently taken up by pinocytosis and incorporated into the secretory
      granules of epitheloid cells.

PMID- 6381429
TI  - [Histologically controlled tumor surgery].
AB  - Recommendations are given on the preparation of biopsy and resection specimens to
      achieve the best histological investigation. The demands on clinical pathology
      have now reached the point where they can only be fulfilled by a specialised
      histologist.

PMID- 6381428
TI  - [From Killian's submucous septum resection and Cottle's septoplasty to modern
      plastic septum correction and functional septo-rhinoplasty].
AB  - Killian's submucous resection of the septum and Cottle's septoplasty are still
      described in textbooks and journals as alternative methods of treatment for
      septal deformities. It is the aim of this paper to show that Killian's submucous
      septal resection and Cottle's "maxilla-premaxilla" approach are only mile stones
      on the road to the modern plastic surgery of the septum. It is recommended that
      the names of Killian and Cottle should be dropped, and it would be better to use
      the terms septoplasty or plastic surgery of the septum, if deformities of the
      septum should be treated. These techniques also changed the methods of
      rhinoplasty and lead to functional septorhinoplasty.

PMID- 6381430
TI  - In vivo and in vitro mechanisms of radiation sensitization, drug synthesis and
      screening: can we learn it all from the high dose data?
AB  - The evidence for a decreased enhancement ratio of oxygen and an electron affinic
      radiosensitizer (misonidazole) at low doses is presented, and the mechanism of
      this effect is discussed. The factors which influence the magnitude of this
      effect, as well as the dose levels at which the effect will be significant, are
      identified. This will allow further characterization of this phenomenon in the
      future. An approach by which present and new hypoxic radiosensitizers could be
      made more effective at low doses is indicated.

PMID- 6381431
TI  - The mechanism of nitroimidazole damage to DNA: coulometric evidence.
AB  - A high resolution coulometric technique has been developed to measure the
      electron requirement for reduction of 12 nitroimidazoles, both in the presence
      and absence of DNA. The cytotoxic species is shown to be a light sensitive
      intermediate of drug reduction and a common mechanism of cytotoxicity proposed
      which involves electron transfer from DNA to the one-electron radical anion (R
      NO2-).

PMID- 6381432
TI  - The use of halogenated thymidine analogs as clinical radiosensitizers: rationale,
      current status, and future prospects: non-hypoxic cell sensitizers.
AB  - The halogenated pyrimidine analogs, bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) and iododeoxyuridine
      (IUdR) have been recognized as potential clinical radiosensitizers for over two
      decades. In vivo and in vitro experimental studies document that
      radiosensitization is directly dependent on the amount of thymidine replacement
      in DNA by these analogs. Early clinical studies in Japan using selective intra
      arterial infusions of BUdR and conventional fractionated radiation suggested
      improved survival in patients with primary brain tumors, although there were
      significant catheter-related complications. Based on recent in vivo and clinical
      pharmacology studies on continuous intravenous infusions of these drugs, clinical
      trials are underway evaluating the potential of radiosensitization in high grade
      gliomas and other poorly radioresponsive tumors using the technically safer
      intravenous route of administration. In this paper, we review the basic strategy
      for the use of these analogs, the ongoing clinical trials and the potential areas
      for future experimental and clinical studies.

PMID- 6381433
TI  - Interaction of radiation, dihydroxyanthraquinone, and adriamycin on the induction
      of acute lethality in mice.
AB  - The acute lethality induced by combinations of radiations, Dihydroxyanthraquinone
      (DHAQ), and Adriamycin (ADR) was investigated in mice. Whole-body irradiation
      produced acute lethality, with an LD-50/30 of approximately 6.5 Gy. ADR and DHAQ
      produced LD-50/30's of 14 and 4 mg/kg, respectively. When 10 mg/kg doses were
      fractionated into 5 X 2 mg/kg daily doses, both drugs were equally or more
      efficient at producing mortality, 90% by day 30. When 4 Gy radiation was combined
      with 5 mg/kg ADR or 5 mg/kg DHAQ, a response no greater than that produced by
      drug alone was obtained. However, when 5 mg/kg ADR was administered concomitantly
      with 5 mg/kg DHAQ, there was a less-than-additive induction of lethality,
      resulting in only 21% mortality by day 30. Since this response is similar to that
      seen after ADR only, it would appear that the DHAQ-induced toxicity was protected
      against. Less-than-additive effects were also observed for combinations of 5
      mg/kg ADR with either 2.5 or 10 mg/kg DHAQ; and combinations of 10 mg/kg ADR with
      either 2.5 or 5 mg/kg DHAQ. If ADR and DHAQ (at doses of 5 mg/kg) were combined
      but with a 1 day interval between drugs, the protective effect was lost and
      animals died earlier than after either agent alone. At present, no definite
      explanation is available for this unusual protective effect of ADR against acute
      lethality induced by DHAQ.

PMID- 6381435
TI  - Glucose turnover and hormonal changes during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in
      trained humans.
AB  - Eight athletes (T), studied the third morning after the last exercise session,
      and seven sedentary males (C) (maximal O2 consumption 65 +/- 4 vs. 49 +/- 4 (SE)
      ml X kg-1 X min-1, for T and C men, respectively) had insulin infused until
      plasma glucose, at an insulin level of 1,600 pmol X l-1, was 1.9 mmol X l-1.
      Glucose turnover was determined by primed constant rate infusion of 3
      [3H]glucose. Basal C-peptide (0.46 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.73 +/- 0.06 pmol X ml-1) and
      glucagon (4 +/- 0.4 vs. 10 +/- 2 pmol X l-1) were lower (P less than 0.05) and
      epinephrine higher (0.30 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.09 +/- 0.03 nmol X l-1) in T than in C
      subjects. During and after insulin infusion production, disappearance and
      clearance of glucose changed identically in T and C subjects. However, in spite
      of identical plasma glucose concentrations, epinephrine (7.88 +/- 0.99 vs. 3.97
      +/- 0.40 nmol X l-1), growth hormone (97 +/- 17 vs. 64 +/- 6 mU X l-1), and
      pancreatic polypeptide (361 +/- 84 vs. 180 +/- 29 pmol X l-1) reached higher
      levels (P less than 0.05) and glucagon (28 +/- 3 vs. 47 +/- 10 pmol X l-1) lower
      levels in T than in C subjects. Blood pressures changed earlier in athletes
      during insulin infusion, and early recovery of heart rate, free fatty acid, and
      glycerol was faster. Responses of norepinephrine, cortisol, C-peptide, and
      lactate were similar in the two groups. Training radically changes hormonal
      responses but not glucose kinetics in insulin hypoglycemia.

PMID- 6381434
TI  - Immersion diuresis without expected suppression of vasopressin.
AB  - To investigate fluid, electrolyte, and plasma vasopressin (PVP) and renin
      activity (PRA) responses, six men (20-35 yr) were immersed to the neck (NI) in
      water at 34.5 degrees C for six h after overnight food and fluid restriction.
      Diuresis was 1,061 +/- 160 (SE) ml/6 h during immersion and water balance was 
      1,285 +/- 104 ml/6 h. Preimmersion PVP was 0.7 +/- 0.2 pg/ml and increased to 3.0
      +/- 0.6 pg/ml (P less than 0.05) at 6 h. PVP was unchanged at 1.2 +/- 0.1 pg/ml
      in the 6-h seated nonimmersion experiment at 25 degrees C. Plasma volume
      increased by 7.8 +/- 1.6% (P less than 0.05) at 60 min of NI and decreased
      thereafter. Serum osmolality was constant (292 +/- 1 mosmol/kg) throughout NI,
      whereas PRA decreased progressively from 1.9 to 0.5 ng angiotensin I X ml-1 X h-1
      (P less than 0.05) at the end of immersion. In spite of moderate thirst just
      before NI, thirst sensations were attenuated and no water was consumed ad libitum
      during immersion. These data indicate that PVP is not suppressed when there is no
      fluid intake during immersion and suggest that the action of factors other than
      PVP suppression are necessary to explain the mechanism of immersion diuresis.

PMID- 6381436
TI  - Synergistic stimulation of food intake by simultaneous insulin and cold.
AB  - Insulin administered to rats during simultaneous exposure to cold increases food
      intake by more than the sum of the separate feeding responses and prevents the
      normal cold-induced loss of body weight. On withdrawal of insulin with cold
      maintained, all the body weight maintained by insulin is immediately lost and
      body weight thereafter is identical to that of rats exposed to cold only.
      Accumulated food intake for the joint treatment and after withdrawal of insulin
      with cold maintained is greater than for cold exposure only. There is no increase
      in metabolic cost due to insulin. Energy density of weight gain during insulin
      treatment is high and of weight loss on withdrawal of insulin with cold
      maintained is very low. These responses do not conform with commonly proposed
      models of feeding control.

PMID- 6381437
TI  - August and Marie Krogh and respiratory physiology.
AB  - August and Marie Krogh first met in 1904 in the laboratory of Christian Bohr, a
      well-known Danish physiologist, where August was a teaching assistant and Marie
      Jorgensen a medical student. August, the oldest son of a brewer in Grenaa,
      Denmark, had recently obtained his doctorate for his work on respiration in
      frogs. Marie Jorgensen, the daughter of a farmer in Fyn, had at the age of six
      decided to pursue a medical career. August and Marie were married in 1905, and
      she joined him in some of his research. Christian Bohr was a staunch proponent of
      the theory that O2 was secreted across the lung epithelium. August Krogh at first
      set out to prove this hypothesis through precise and accurate measurements of
      gases in arterial blood and alveolar air with new apparatus he had constructed.
      Marie joined in this work, but the results they obtained did not support Bohr's
      hypothesis; to the contrary a series of very careful studies definitively proved
      that O2 is transported across the alveolar epithelium by diffusion alone. Due to
      the conflict with Bohr's views they delayed publication of the results until
      1910. Marie Krogh, who finished her medical degree in 1907 and had begun a
      family, undertook an investigation of CO diffusion capacity through human lungs.
      This was to test if the rate of O2 diffusion was sufficient to account for the O2
      uptake even at high altitudes or during various pulmonary diseases. Thirty-five
      years later the CO method, as described by Marie Krogh, was rediscovered and is
      now used extensively as a clinical test. August, in his continued studies of
      respiration in animals and humans, became interested in the delivery of O2 from
      the capillaries to the tissue. The studies that followed led to his discovery of
      the regulation of capillary circulation, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize
      in 1920.

PMID- 6381438
TI  - Altering hydrodynamic variables influences PGI2 production by isolated lungs and
      endothelial cells.
AB  - Because deformation of lung tissue stimulates prostaglandin synthesis, we wanted
      to investigate whether hydrodynamic forces would affect lung prostacyclin (PGI2)
      production. To test the hypothesis that lung prostacyclin synthesis was flow
      dependent, we examined lung prostacyclin production after flow alterations. Using
      a salt solution that contained either Ficoll or albumin as a perfusate, we
      changed the flow to half and to double the control flow. When flow was changed,
      lung prostacyclin production followed changes in flow and pressure drop. When
      flow was varied in lungs treated with indomethacin, prostacyclin production was
      too low to be measurable. Variations in pressure pulsatility at constant mean
      flow had no influence on lung prostacyclin production. Since vascular distension
      may also stimulate prostacyclin production, we increased venous pressure. An
      increase in venous pressure (from 2.1 to 4.8 mmHg) had no effect on prostacyclin
      production; a further increase in venous pressure (to 7.5 mmHg) initiated edema
      and caused a large increase in prostacyclin production. When we subjected
      monolayers of endothelial cells cultured in wells to defined shear rates, the
      prostacyclin concentration in the supernatant quickly increased to a maximum. The
      absence of further increase with greater shear may have reflected feedback
      control of prostacyclin synthesis. The results indicated that hydrodynamic
      disturbances affect endothelial cells and stimulate arachidonate metabolism. Lung
      prostacyclin production may be related to flow. However, this effect is small
      compared with the lung prostacyclin production during edema formation.

PMID- 6381439
TI  - Heat acclimation in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients may be at risk for heat illness because of their
      high sweat chloride and sodium concentrations ([Cl-], [Na+]), but it is not known
      if they can heat acclimate. We studied 10 CF patients and 10 normal controls on 8
      consecutive days of cycle exercise in the heat (37 degrees C dry bulb, 24-29
      degrees C wet bulb). Both groups acclimated. CF peak rectal temperature (Tre) was
      38.2 +/- 0.3 degrees C on day 1 and 37.8 +/- 0.4 degrees C on day 8 (P less than
      .005), and peak heart rates (HR) were 151 +/- 24 beats/min on day 1 and 136 +/-
      22 beats/min on day 8 (P less than 0.025). Control temperature (T) and HR were
      similar. Controls decreased sweat [Cl-] from 37.2 +/- 14.6 meq/l on day 1 and to
      24.9 +/- 10.6 meq/l on day 8 (P less than 0.005). CF sweat [Cl-] was
      significantly higher and did not change with acclimation (day 1, 71.1 +/- 20.9
      meq/l; day 8, 72.6 +/- 21.6 meq/l, NS). Before and after acclimation, exercise
      heat sessions resulted in significant decreases in serum [Cl-] in CF patients
      (104.5 +/- 4.6 to 101.3 +/- 4.4 meq/l on day 1, P less than 0.05; 103.5 +/- 5.1
      to 99.7 +/- 4.2 meq/l on day 8, P less than 0.025) but not in controls. Serum [Cl
      ] was significantly lower in CF than control subjects at every measurement. Both
      groups had significant renal Na+ conservation after exercise on both
      days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6381440
TI  - Upper airway closing pressures in obstructive sleep apnea.
AB  - We studied 18 patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Each subject slept
      while breathing through the nose with a specially designed valveless breathing
      circuit. Low levels of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) applied through
      the nose (2.5-15.0 cmH2O) prevented OSA and allowed long periods of stable stage
      III/IV sleep and rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. Externally applied complete
      nasal occlusion while the upper airway was patent resulted in upper airway
      closure during inspiration which was identified by a sudden deviation of nasal
      pressure from tracheal or esophageal pressure. The level of upper airway closing
      pressure (UACP) did not change throughout the occlusion test, suggesting that
      upper airway dilator muscles do not respond to asphyxia during sleep. The upper
      airway was more collapsible during stage I/II non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) and
      REM sleep compared with stage III/IV NREM sleep. The pooled mean UACP was 3.1 +/-
      0.4 cmH2O in stage I/II NREM, 4.2 +/- 0.2 cmH2O in stage III/IV NREM, and 2.4 +/-
      0.2 cmH2O in REM sleep. Nasal occlusion at successively higher levels of CPAP did
      not alter the level of UACP in stage I/II NREM and REM sleep but resulted in the
      upper airway becoming more stable in stage III/IV NREM sleep, suggesting a reflex
      which augments the tone of upper airway dilator muscles.

PMID- 6381441
TI  - Upper airway closing pressures in snorers.
AB  - We studied 14 subjects who were selected to represent the broad range of severity
      of snoring: group A, four subjects who gave a history of snoring only when
      provoked by nasal obstruction or alcohol intake; group B, six subjects who
      typically snored for long periods each night; and group C, four subjects who
      snored heavily all night and who typically experienced a few episodes of
      obstructive apnea (mean apnea index 4 apneas/h). Low levels of nasal continuous
      positive airway pressure (CPAP) (range, 2.0-6.0 cmH2O; mean, 4.0 cmH2O) prevented
      snoring. Nasal occlusion caused upper airway closure during inspiratory efforts
      in all 14 subjects. There was a relationship between the clinical severity of
      snoring and the upper airway closing pressure (UACP). Upper airway closure
      occurred at greater suction pressures in group A than in group C but there was
      overlap between the three categories. The upper airway was consistently more
      collapsible in rapid-eye-movement sleep than in non-rapid-eye-movement sleep.
      There was little evidence of breath-by-breath improvement of upper airway
      stability during sustained asphyxia, the UACP remaining constant despite marked
      increases in drive to the diaphragm. In five subjects UACP was measured following
      alcohol intake. Alcohol reduced upper airway stability in all subjects in a dose
      dependent manner.

PMID- 6381442
TI  - Lung clearance of inhaled 99mTc-DTPA in the dog.
AB  - We studied the reproducibility of measuring an index of permeability of
      respiratory epithelium in dogs using aerosolized 99mTc-DTPA
      (diethylenetriaminepentaacetate). The method uses a gamma camera to measure the
      rate of clearance of soluble radioactive aerosol deposited in the lung. A
      solution of 99mTc-DTPA in normal saline was aerosolized by an ultrasonic
      nebulizer. Eleven anesthetized dogs breathing spontaneously inhaled the resulting
      droplets for 2 min. Mass median aerodynamic diameter of the droplets was 4.4
      micron with a geometric standard deviation of 2.1. Clearance from the lung was
      monitored by quantitative gamma camera imaging for up to 2 h. For a 60-min
      observation period, the biological half-life for clearance of 99mTc-DTPA from
      both lungs was 66 +/- 11 (SD) min. Apical regions cleared significantly slower
      than basal regions, probably because of a larger portion of bronchial tissue in
      the apical region of the dog's lung. The best reproducibility of absorption of
      99mTc-DTPA in the dog was obtained from basal regions and peripheral zones of the
      lung within 30 min after inhalation of the radioaerosol.

PMID- 6381443
TI  - Sampling schemes for estimating nerve fibre size. I. Methods for nerve trunks of
      mixed fascicularity.
AB  - Using the tibial nerves of diabetic rats, alternative sampling schemes have been
      compared for estimating the sizes of fibres in nerve trunks of mixed
      fascicularity. The merits of each scheme were evaluated by comparing their
      reliability, precision, cost in time, and efficiency with 'absolute' values
      obtained by first measuring every fibre. The external diameter of all myelinated
      fibres was measured in each of six nerves (c. 2900 fibres/nerve). Total
      measurement time was about 29 hours. All sampling schemes produced group means
      within +/-4% of the absolute value of 5.52 micron. The most efficient schemes
      were those in which only 6% of all fibres were selected for measurement. For
      these the measurement time was 2 hours or less. Results are discussed in the
      general context of measurement of the sizes of nerve fibres. It is concluded that
      future studies should place more emphasis on sampling fewer fibres from more
      animals rather than on measuring all fibres very precisely. These considerations
      are likely to be of special concern to those wanting to analyse specimens with
      large fibre complements and those screening large numbers of specimens.

PMID- 6381445
TI  - Localization of tubulin and microtubules of in vivo fertilized rabbit oocytes.
AB  - The presence of tubulin throughout what appears to be sperm penetration tunnels
      of in vivo fertilized rabbit oocytes was demonstrated by both immunofluorescence
      and transmission electron microscopy, using fluorescein and peroxidase-labeled
      antibodies, respectively. In approximately half the fertilized oocytes examined,
      intact microtubules were found at the point of entry of the spermatozoon into the
      zona pellucida, while amorphous deposits were found throughout the remainder of
      the tunnel, starting at the point of entry into the matrix of the corona radiata
      cell layer, and continuing to the perivitelline space. These continuous deposits
      of tubulin suggest that, in the rabbit, acrosomal microtubule-like structures may
      perform a role in mammalian fertilization, possibly as an enzyme binding or
      delivery system, although other functions are possible. No deposition of actin
      was detectable in these tunnels.

PMID- 6381444
TI  - Sampling schemes for estimating nerve fibre size. II. Methods for unifascicular
      nerve trunks.
AB  - The total number of myelinated fibres in four unifascicular tibial nerves from
      diabetic rats has been counted and measured in order to assess the merits of
      various schemes for estimating group mean fibre diameter. The average nerve trunk
      contained some 2960 fibres which were measured in just under five hours. With
      different sampling designs, the average measurement time per nerve was reduced to
      between 17 and 69 minutes, with little consequent loss of reliability or
      precision of estimated mean fibre size. The most efficient schemes were those
      taking systematic samples of squares or sectors. A modification of a method
      relying on complete strips across two diameters of each nerve was the least
      efficient sampling approach. It had the additional disadvantage of introducing
      systematic errors which could affect the accuracy of measurements made on nerve
      trunks with heterogeneous spatial distributions of fibre size and number. This
      paper completes an investigation into random sampling errors influencing
      morphometric estimates of fibre size based on uni- or multifascicular nerve
      trunks.

PMID- 6381446
TI  - Similar biochemical properties of human seminal plasma and epididymal alpha-1,4
      glucosidase.
AB  - We have studied some characteristics of alpha-1,4-glucosidases in human male
      reproductive organs in order to obtain information on the origin of the enzyme in
      seminal plasma. Acid and neutral enzymes could be distinguished on the basis of
      their selective inhibition either by SDS (acid enzyme) or MTT (neutral enzyme).
      Only the epididymis contained a significant amount of SDS resistant neutral alpha
      1,4-glucosidase which was comparable to what has been isolated in seminal plasma.
      The similarity of epididymal and seminal plasma neutral enzymes was further
      confirmed by ultracentrifugation on sucrose density gradients, which permitted a
      complete separation of neutral (11S) and acid (4S) iso-enzymes. The 11S form was
      present in epididymis and in seminal plasma, but was totally absent in seminal
      vesicles, prostates and testis. The epididymal enzyme also had some of the unique
      characteristics found in the seminal plasma enzyme: it precipitated upon dialysis
      against distilled water, and its mobility on SDS polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis was identical to that of form 1 in seminal plasma. These results,
      although they do not constitute absolute proof of the identity of epididymal and
      seminal plasma alpha-glucosidase, certainly provide strong support for this
      hypothesis.

PMID- 6381447
TI  - Quaternary heterocyclylamino beta-lactams. III. The mode of action of L-640,876
      and the effect of NaCl on membrane permeability and binding.
AB  - L-640,876, 7-beta(1-benzylpyridinium-4-yl)amino-3-[( (1-methyl-1 H-tetrazol-5
      yl)thio]methyl)-ceph-3-em-4-carboxylate, is a potent representative of a new
      family of beta-lactam antibiotics which are similar in some respects to
      mecillinam. When L-640,876 and mecillinam were compared for effects on growth and
      morphology of Escherichia coli, it was observed that both drugs caused the
      formation of lemon-shaped cells during the first 30 minutes of exposure and
      during this period the culture turbidity increased without an appreciable change
      in culture viability. Unlike mecillinam, after 60 minutes of exposure to L
      640,876 the majority of the lemon-shaped cells transformed into spindle-shaped
      cells and in the continuing presence of the drug formed osmotically fragile
      spheroplasts. Membrane binding studies indicated that, like mecillinam, L-640,876
      was bound to the PBP-2 of E. coli and Proteus morganii; however, some binding of
      L-640,876 to the PBP-3 of E. coli was detected. In Staphylococcus aureus binding
      differences were more evident as L-640,876 was more rapidly bound to PBP-1 and 2
      whereas mecillinam was rapidly bound to PBP-3. The reversal of inhibition of
      certain strains of Gram-negative bacteria by high ionic strength media could not
      be directly attributed to a reversal of antibiotic binding to the PBPs.
      Permeability studies indicated that the superior potency of L-640,876 in E. coli
      was partly due to its higher concentration in the periplasm which was unaffected
      by the simultaneous addition of drug and NaCl, however, in cells cultured in high
      ionic strength medium there was a marked reduction in penetration rate of all
      beta-lactams tested.

PMID- 6381448
TI  - Quaternary heterocyclylamino beta-lactams. V. L-640,876 treatment of induced
      enterotoxigenic colibacillosis (scours) in calves and piglets.
AB  - A new semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic designated L-640,876, 7-beta-(1
      benzylpyridinium-4-yl)amino-3-[( (1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thio] methyl)ceph-3
      em-4-carboxylate, was highly active in vitro against 110 enteropathogenic strains
      of Escherichia coli and Salmonella species of animal origin. The MIC90 was 0.125
      microgram/ml for the E. coli strains, 2 micrograms/ml for the S. choleraesuis
      strains and 4 micrograms/ml for the S. typhimurium strains. In colostrum-fed
      calves infected with E. coli strain B44, L-640,876 administered by gavage at 30
      mg/calf (0.67 mg/kg) twice a day for 3 days, starting at 20-hour post
      inoculation, eliminated the diarrhea and reduced the mortality from 82% in the
      infected, nonmedicated calves to 11% in the infected, medicated calves (P less
      than 0.05). In colostrum-fed piglets infected with E. coli strain P155, L-640,876
      administered by gavage at 12.5 or 20 mg/piglet (10 or 16 mg/kg) twice a day for 3
      days, starting at 6-hour post-inoculation, eliminated the diarrhea and reduced
      the mortality from 79% in the infected, nonmedicated to 25% in the infected,
      medicated piglets (P less than 0.05). Thus, L-640,876 was highly effective in
      restoring the calves and piglets to good health by eliminating diarrhea and
      reducing mortality.

PMID- 6381450
TI  - Designed instruction for pregnant women: its effect on their learning.

PMID- 6381449
TI  - Mechanism of action of the new orally active cephalosporin FK027.
AB  - The mechanism of action of a new orally active cephalosporin, FK027, was compared
      to that of cephalexin and cefaclor to elucidate its excellent antibacterial
      activity against Gram-negative bacteria. FK027 showed very high affinity for the
      penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) 3, 1a and 1bs of Escherichia coli whereas
      cephalexin showed fairly high affinity for PBPs 1a, 4 and 3. The ability of FK027
      to penetrate the outer membranes of E. coli and Enterobacter cloacae was less
      than that of cephalexin and cefaclor. However, FK027 was extremely stable to both
      plasmid-mediated penicillinases and chromosomal beta-lactamases except the
      Bacteroides fragilis enzyme and its stability was superior to that of cephalexin
      and cefaclor. These results indicate that the potent antibacterial activity of
      FK027 is based on its enhanced affinity for the target enzymes and its high
      stability to beta-lactamases.

PMID- 6381452
TI  - [Growth inhibition of Mycobacterium lepraemurium in a cell-free medium by adding
      a suspension of M. leprae].

PMID- 6381451
TI  - Ecological considerations on treatment of leprosy.

PMID- 6381453
TI  - Electron micrographs of murine leproma.

PMID- 6381454
TI  - [An attempt to modify the Hanks bacillary counting method: Hanks sea-sand
      method].

PMID- 6381455
TI  - [Attenuation of virulence of M. lepraemurium after serial mouse passages for an
      extended time. III. Survival time of inbred strains of mice after intraperitoneal
      infection with M. lepraemurium].

PMID- 6381457
TI  - [Susceptibility of rhino mouse to Mycobacterium leprae].

PMID- 6381456
TI  - [Attenuation of virulence of M. lepraemurium after serial mouse passages for an
      extended period. IV. Susceptibility to M. lepraemurium, strains Hawaiian-M and
      Hawaiian-B, of C57BL/6-nu/nu, C3H/He-nu/nu and BALB/c-nu/nu mice].

PMID- 6381458
TI  - [Attenuation of virulence of M. lepraemurium after serial mouse passages during
      long years. V. Pathogenicity of cultivated M. lepraemurium, strain Hawaiian
      Ogawa].

PMID- 6381459
TI  - [Studies on circulation immune complexes and anti-M. leprae antibody in patients
      with leprosy].

PMID- 6381460
TI  - In-vitro resistance to imidazole antifungals in Candida albicans.
AB  - Three strains of Candida albicans from patients with chronic mucocutaneous
      candidosis (CMC) who relapsed during prolonged treatment with ketoconazole were
      compared with three other Can. albicans strains by means of an agar incorporation
      MIC method, a broth microdilution method for IC30 determination, and a hyphal
      elongation assessment method. The MICs of ketoconazole, tioconazole and
      miconazole were difficult to interpret, but were much higher for the three CMC
      strains if low inoculum concentrations and short incubation times were used. The
      IC30S of the three imidazoles were much higher for the CMC strains than for the
      others. The imidazoles all caused minimal inhibition of hyphal elongation by the
      three CMC strains at concentrations up to 50 mg/l. Concentrations of 0.5 mg/l
      caused marked inhibition of the other strains.

PMID- 6381461
TI  - Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of erythromycin in the treatment of
      clinical campylobacter infection.
AB  - In a double-blind placebo-controlled trial in patients hospitalized with
      campylobacter infection, erythromycin lessened pain and curtailed the carriage
      state but otherwise did not alter the natural course of the illness, which proved
      to be a short-lived, self-limiting one, even in this selected group of
      hospitalized patients; the majority had become asymptomatic by the time of the
      bacteriological diagnosis. The rarity of bacteraemia is highlighted by the study.

PMID- 6381462
TI  - The combination of oxacillin with rifampicin in staphylococcal infections: a
      review of laboratory and clinical studies of the Institut Jules Bordet.
AB  - In-vitro study of the combination of oxacillin with rifampicin has shown that a
      complex interaction occurs between the two drugs: a high oxacillin/rifampicin
      ratio was associated with antagonism, a low ratio was more likely to result in
      synergy--the combination acquired a higher rate of killing. Oxacillin
      significantly prevented or delayed the regrowth of rifampicin-resistant mutants,
      and antagonism for high oxacillin/rifampicin ratios only affected rifampicin
      susceptible strains. The two clinical studies that we have performed suggested
      that the addition of rifampicin to standard treatment improved the clinical
      outcome of the patients with staphylococcal infections, and this was particularly
      true for the most severe infections. Failures were not associated with the
      emergence of rifampicin-resistant strains; the combination was not associated
      with more superinfections nor with more toxicity or intolerance. Serum
      bactericidal activities reflected a similar complex interaction to that observed
      in vitro by time-kill curves or checkerboard techniques.

PMID- 6381463
TI  - The use of rifampicin in staphylococcal infections--a review.

PMID- 6381464
TI  - Free radical damage to polyene antifungal antibiotics: changes in biological
      activity and thiobarbituric acid reactivity.
AB  - Polyene antifungal antibiotics contain thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances
      suggestive of the presence of peroxidic compounds. These peroxides appear to play
      no part in the drug's antifungal activities. The polyenes were relatively stable
      to further oxidation in air, but lost biological activity and native ultraviolet
      absorption upon irradiation with ultraviolet light or incubation with iron salts.
      No evidence was found for the participation of hydroxyl radicals in the observed
      damage to the polyene molecules. However, organic oxygen radicals were implicated
      and protection against ferrous salt dependent damage could be afforded by the
      addition of the antioxidant propylgallate.

PMID- 6381465
TI  - Time-resolved europium fluorescence in enzyme activity measurements: a sensitive
      protease assay.
AB  - A method for incorporating into proteins a nonradioactive Eu3+ label, which
      exhibits fluorescence of a long decay time in the presence of suitable ligands,
      is described. As an example of the use of this label the method has been
      developed to work as a sensitive protease assay. By hydrolyzing the Eu3+-labeled
      casein, bound to an insoluble matrix (Sepharose 4B or Affi-Gel 10), with
      proteases and measuring the Eu3+ released with a pulsed time-resolved fluorometer
      it was possible to detect as low as 2.5, 1.0, or 1.0 ng of alpha-chymotrypsin,
      trypsin, or subtilisin, respectively.

PMID- 6381466
TI  - A perspective review of the development of AOAC microbiological methods.

PMID- 6381467
TI  - Genetic methods for the detection of microbial pathogens. Identification of
      enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by DNA colony hybridization: collaborative
      study.
AB  - Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains may produce a cholera-like, heat-labile
      enterotoxin (LT) as a virulence factor. The gene that codes for LT can be
      purified by recombinant DNA techniques and used as a genetic probe for DNA
      hybridization. These probes detect enterotoxigenic strains as well as strains
      that may not manifest toxin production but carry the genetic information to do
      so. In this study, 13 laboratories tested 3 known and 25 unknown (10 positive and
      15 negative) cultures of E. coli for the presence of the LT gene. The isolates
      had been tested and classified by the mouse Y-1 adrenal cell test and an enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay. Cultures were spotted on nitrocellulose filters on
      MacConkey agar and incubated. Colonies were lysed in situ and their DNA was
      hybridized to 32P-labeled, purified LT gene DNA (provided to the collaborators).
      Positive colonies were identified by autoradiography. Of 325 samples, 315 (96.9%)
      were identified correctly and 10 were misclassified; there were 6 false negative
      and 4 false positive identifications. Chi-square values indicated that the method
      agreed with the previous classification and was equally efficient in
      distinguishing positive and negative samples (95.7 and 98.1%, respectively). The
      method has been adopted official first action.

PMID- 6381468
TI  - Recovery of Salmonella species from nonfat dry milk rehydrated under rapid and
      reduced pre-enrichment conditions: collaborative study.
AB  - A collaborative study was conducted to compare the relative efficiency of the
      AOAC rapid rehydration method with the reduced rehydration soak method for the
      recovery of Salmonella species from nonfat dry milk (NFDM). In the AOAC method, a
      25 g sample of NFDM is rapidly rehydrated at a 1:9 sample/water ratio and mixed
      by swirling. After 60 min, the flask contents are adjusted to a pH of 6.8, and
      0.45 mL of 1% aqueous brilliant green dye solution is added. The flasks are then
      incubated at 35 degrees C. In the soak method, a 25 g sample of NFDM is gently
      added to the sterile brilliant green (BG) water at a 1:9 sample/BG water ratio
      and allowed to soak undisturbed for 60 min at room temperature before incubation.
      Twelve collaborators analyzed 3 shipments of samples with the following results
      for the AOAC and soak methods: shipment 1-31 and 46 positive samples,
      respectively, with a 48% increase in detection by the soak method; shipment 3-45
      and 66 positive samples, respectively, with a 47% increase in detection by the
      soak method; shipment 2--no significant difference in recovery of Salmonella
      species by the 2 methods. It is recommended that the official final action method
      for the detection of Salmonella species, 46.054-46.067, be revised to use the
      soak method for the analysis of nonfat dry milk.

PMID- 6381469
TI  - Enumeration of total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and Escherichia coli in foods by
      hydrophobic grid membrane filter: supplementary report.
AB  - Raw, comminuted poultry meat was used to determine the specificity of the media
      and incubation conditions used in the hydrophobic grid membrane filter method.
      Confirmation rates for target colonies were 100% for total coliforms, 98% for
      fecal coliforms, and 97-99% for Escherichia coli. The results of total coliform
      enumeration in 30 pasteurized milk samples by both the hydrophobic grid membrane
      filter method and AOAC method 46.013-46.016 are also reported.

PMID- 6381470
TI  - Enumeration of total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and Escherichia coli in foods by
      hydrophobic grid membrane filter: collaborative study.
AB  - A collaborative study was conducted in 18 laboratories to assess the performance
      of the hydrophobic grid membrane filter method against that of the AOAC official
      first action method 46.013-46.016 for enumerating total and fecal coliforms and
      Escherichia coli. The study was carried out on frozen breaded fish, raw
      comminuted poultry, unroasted walnut pieces, ground black pepper, and cheddar
      cheese. The hydrophobic grid membrane filter method recovered significantly
      larger numbers of target bacteria in 7 of the food/analysis combinations: fecal
      coliforms in fish; E. coli in poultry; fecal coliforms and E. coli in walnuts;
      and total coliforms, fecal coliforms and E. coli in black pepper. Random error
      (Sr2) associated with the hydrophobic grid membrane filter method was
      significantly lower than that of the reference method in over 30% of the paired
      sample series. The hydrophobic grid membrane filter method for total coliform,
      fecal coliform, and E. coli enumeration in foods has been adopted official first
      action.

PMID- 6381471
TI  - Hemostasis during crown and bridge impression procedures--a new technique.

PMID- 6381472
TI  - Fluphenazine plasma levels and clinical response.
AB  - Plasma levels of fluphenazine and clinical response were examined in 19 inpatient
      schizophrenics (DSM-III diagnoses) using a constant dose, steady-state
      methodology. A significant curvilinear correlation was demonstrated between
      clinical response and steady-state plasma levels of fluphenazine (p less than
      .05). A therapeutic range of plasma fluphenazine is suggested in the range of .13
      .70 ng/ml. The lowest plasma level detected (.13 ng/ml) appeared to be well
      within the therapeutic range. The 9 patients with plasma fluphenazine levels in
      this range demonstrated a mean clinical improvement of 59% compared to 34% for
      patients with plasma levels above .70 ng/ml (p less than .01).

PMID- 6381474
TI  - A circular dichroism study on thermal denaturation of a dimeric globular protein,
      Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor.
AB  - Thermal denaturation of Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor was studied by means of
      circular dichroism (CD) measurements in the far-UV and near-UV regions. The
      denaturation was found to be largely reversible; the partial irreversibility was
      associated with a slight loss of the inhibitory activity. Difference CD spectra
      in the far-UV region clarified the existence of two distinct steps in the thermal
      transition of the secondary structure. The first step below 80 degrees C is
      attributable to a partial conformational change in the alpha-helix portion,
      whereas the second step between 80 degrees C and 94 degrees C is attributable to
      a major conformational change involving the beta-sheet portion. On the assumption
      that the major denaturation involves dissociation of the SSI into its subunits,
      the enthalpy and entropy changes were determined to be 216 kcal X mol-1 and to be
      603 cal X deg-1 X mol-1, respectively.

PMID- 6381473
TI  - Use of naltrexone to extinguish opioid-conditioned responses.
AB  - Opioid use generates many conditioned responses associated with the sights,
      sounds, smells, and rituals experienced during addiction. Environmental stimuli
      alone can provoke withdrawal symptoms and contribute to relapses in treated
      patients. The use of naltrexone in a program designed to progressively extinguish
      conditioned drug responses is described. Since naltrexone effectively blocks
      opiate effects at the receptor level, heroin injections produce no euphoria.
      Unreinforced self-injections diminish the responses learned during the period of
      drug abuse and protect the patient from rapid readdiction. Patients are
      confronted with a hierarchical set of drug-related stimuli and taught a muscular
      relaxation procedure to relieve arousal and discomfort. The continued
      administration of naltrexone, the self-induced relaxation response, and the
      repeated presentation of drug-related stimuli result in the eventual diminution
      or extinction of the arousal properties of the imagery and environmental stimuli
      associated with addiction.

PMID- 6381475
TI  - Cerulenin resistance in a cerulenin-producing fungus. II. Characterization of
      fatty acid synthetase from Cephalosporium caerulens.
AB  - Cerulenin, an antifungal antibiotic isolated from a culture filtrate of
      Cephalosporium caerulens, is a potent inhibitor of fatty acid synthetase systems
      of various microorganisms and animal tissues. This antibiotic specifically blocks
      the activity of beta-ketoacyl thioester synthetase (condensing enzyme) by binding
      to the functional cysteine-SH in the active center of the condensing enzyme
      domain (the peripheral SH-group). However, fatty acid synthetase from C.
      caerulens is much less sensitive to cerulenin than fatty acid synthetases from
      other sources. The properties of C. caerulens synthetase were investigated and
      compared to those of Saccharomyces cerevisiae synthetase, which is sensitive to
      the antibiotic. The molecular weight of the enzymically active form of C.
      caerulens synthetase was 2.53 X 10(6). The enzyme consisted of two
      multifunctional proteins, alpha and beta, which are arranged in a complex, alpha
      6 beta 6. The synthetase was inactivated by iodoacetamide. At 0 degrees C and pH
      7.15, the second-order rate constant of k = 15.6 M-1 X s-1 was obtained for the
      inactivation by iodoacetamide. This value was about 15 times greater than that
      for S. cerevisiae synthetase. Treatment of C. caerulens synthetase with
      iodoacetamide, while impairing the synthetase activity, induced malonyl-CoA
      decarboxylase activity. When S. cerevisiae synthetase was preincubated with
      cerulenin, malonyl-CoA decarboxylase activity could not be detected even after
      treatment of the enzyme with iodoacetamide (Kawaguchi, A., Tomoda, H., Nozoe, S.,
      Omura, S., & Okuda, S. (1982) J. Biochem. 92, 7-12). In the case of C. caerulens
      synthetase, on the other hand, malonyl-CoA decarboxylase activity was induced by
      iodoacetamide even after the preincubation of the enzyme with cerulenin.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6381476
TI  - N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-valyl-prolinal, a potent inhibitor of post-proline cleaving
      enzyme.
AB  - A peptide aldehyde inhibitor possessing prolinal at the carboxyl terminus was
      designed as an inhibitor of post-proline cleaving enzyme by analogy with peptide
      aldehyde inhibitors of serine and thiol proteases. N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-valyl
      prolinal was found to be a potent inhibitor of post-proline cleaving enzyme from
      ascidian sperm with a K1 value of 2.4 nM. The presence of the aldehyde portion of
      the inhibitor, as well as its prolonged incubation with the enzyme, is
      indispensable for the potent inhibitory activity of the inhibitor. These results
      indicate that N-benzyloxycarbonyl-valyl-prolinal functions as a transition-state
      aldehyde inhibitor of post-proline cleaving enzyme.

PMID- 6381477
TI  - [Wound healing of a bone defect following a bone graft combined with a
      desmodontal tissue graft].
AB  - An experimental periodontitis was produced in the upper right and left maxillary
      molar regions of three dogs. The apical zone of the bony defects were marked by
      cutting grooves into the root surfaces. The right side was used as a control
      while on the left side, the bony defect was treated with a graft of ligament
      tissue. The graft was obtained from a neighbouring area after removing the
      external wall of bone and sampling with a bone chisel. Four months after the
      grafting the dogs were sacrificed and an optical microscopic study was performed.
      One of the dogs died three days after operation. In the other two dogs a
      reattachment was observed in the groove on the control side: coronally to the
      groove, a long epithelial attachment was present between the radicular wall and
      the connective tissue. On the experimental side of dog 1, a reattachment was
      obtained up to the level of the cemento-enamel junction. In dog 2, a complete
      failure was noted since an important epithelial growth has migrated and invaded
      the radicular groove.

PMID- 6381478
TI  - Surface temperature of oral tissues. A review.
AB  - The storage of heat in the human body is regulated by a meticulous physiological
      control of heat production and heat loss. The heat regulation of the dentition
      and in particular of the pulp tissue is still disputed. Several methods have been
      used for measuring the surface temperature of the oral tissues. Until now a
      thermocouple seems to have been the easiest instrument to use for this purpose.
      Although there is a lack of information about environmental and testing
      conditions, an approximation of the surface temperatures of the dentition (30-35
      degrees C) and soft tissues (32-37 degrees C) has been made based on a literature
      review.

PMID- 6381479
TI  - Malyl-CoA formation in the NAD-, CoASH-, and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
      dependent oxidation of 2-keto-4-hydroxyglutarate. Possible coupled role of this
      reaction with 2-keto-4-hydroxyglutarate aldolase activity in a pyruvate-catalyzed
      cyclic oxidation of glyoxylate.
AB  - The alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex of either pig heart or Escherichia
      coli catalyzes a NAD- and CoASH-dependent oxidation of 2-keto-4-hydroxyglutarate
      which is stereoselective toward the L-isomer of this hydroxyketo acid. L-Malyl
      CoA is the product of the reaction; the evidence includes observing (a) a steady
      increase in absorbance at 230 nm during the oxidation of 2-keto-4
      hydroxyglutarate, (b) a positive response of oxidation reaction mixtures to
      neutral hydroxylamine, (c) loss of the two foregoing results concomitant with
      release of thiol-reacting material and the formation of free malate when reaction
      mixtures are heated, (d) formation of a hydroxamate which has chromatographic
      mobilities identical to that of chemically synthesized malate hydroxamate, (e)
      enzymatic formation of a radioactive product from 14C-labeled 2-keto-4
      hydroxyglutarate which co-migrates with chemically synthesized malyl-CoA, and (f)
      hydrolysis of the product by citrate synthase, an enzyme absolutely specific for
      citryl-CoA and L-malyl-CoA. A 1:1:1 stoichiometric relationship exists between
      the amount of 2-keto-4-hydroxyglutarate oxidized, NAD reduced, and malate (or
      malyl-CoA) formed. Results from studies in which either 14C-labeled 2-keto-4
      hydroxyglutarate, pyruvate, or glyoxylate is incubated with mixtures of purified
      enzymes or extracts of E. coli support the suggestion that the aldolase which
      preferentially catalyzes formation of L-2-keto-4-hydroxyglutarate from pyruvate
      plus glyoxylate in E. coli is coupled with the oxidative decarboxylation of this
      substrate, as reported here, and other enzymes in a multistep pyruvate-catalyzed
      cyclic oxidation of glyoxylate.

PMID- 6381480
TI  - A mevalonate requirement for maintenance of fatty acid and protein synthesis
      during hormonally stimulated development of mammary gland in vitro.
AB  - The effect of compactin on hormonally induced lipogenesis and protein synthesis
      was studied in vitro in explants of mammary gland from mid-pregnant rabbits.
      Compactin blocks mevalonate synthesis by the specific inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, and in this system, culture with 10 microM
      compactin for 24, 48, and 72 h inhibited incorporation of [1-14C]acetate (but not
      [2-14C]mevalonate) into sterol by 98, 95, and 86%, respectively. Removal of
      compactin prior to assay rapidly reversed this effect and was associated with
      increased tissue 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity. Fatty acid
      synthesis (measured by incorporation of [1-14C]acetate or [4,5-3H]leucine) and
      protein synthesis (measured by incorporation of [4,5-3H]leucine) were both
      inhibited by around 50% after culture with compactin. This inhibition was not
      rapidly reversed by removal of compactin prior to assay, but it was prevented by
      inclusion of 1 mM mevalonolactone in the culture medium. After removal of
      compactin and continued culture in its absence for 24 h with hormones, the normal
      tissue capacity for fatty acid and protein synthesis was restored, indicating no
      permanent cell damage. The results suggest a specific requirement for mevalonate
      (or derived products) for the hormonal maintenance of the increased fatty acid
      and protein synthesis characteristic of the development of the mammary gland.

PMID- 6381481
TI  - The phospholipid requirement for activity of the lactose carrier of Escherichia
      coli.
AB  - The transport activity of the lactose carrier of Escherichia coli has been
      reconstituted in proteoliposomes composed of different phospholipids. The maximal
      activity was observed with the natural E. coli lipid as well as mixtures
      containing phosphatidylethanolamine or phosphatidylserine. Phosphatidylcholine or
      mixtures of phosphatidylcholine with phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, or
      cardiolipin showed low activity. The lactose carrier reconstituted with amino
      phospholipids of increasing degrees of methylation
      (dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine, dioleoylmonomethylphosphatidylethanolamine,
      dioleoyldimethylphosphatidylethanolamine, and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine)
      revealed a progressive decrease in both counterflow and proton motive force
      driven lactose uptake activities. Trinitrophenylation of phosphatidylethanolamine
      in the E. coli proteoliposomes resulted in a marked reduction in lactose carrier
      activity. Partial restitution of transport activity was obtained by detergent
      extraction of the carrier from these inactive proteoliposomes and reconstitution
      of the carrier into proteoliposomes containing normal E. coli lipid. These
      results suggest that the amino group of the amino phospholipids (e.g.
      phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine) is required for the full
      function of the lactose carrier from E. coli.

PMID- 6381482
TI  - Microcalorimetric measurement of the enthalpy of binding of rabbit skeletal
      myosin subfragment 1 and heavy meromyosin to F-actin.
AB  - The heat of binding of rabbit skeletal myosin subfragment 1 (myosin-S1) and heavy
      meromyosin (HMM) to F-actin has been measured by batch calorimetry. Proton
      release measurements in unbuffered solutions indicate that less than 0.1 mol of
      protons is absorbed or released per mol of myosin head bound to actin. Hence, the
      measured heats are approximately equal to the enthalpy of myosin-S1 and HMM
      binding to actin. The enthalpy of binding of myosin-S1 to actin was +22 +/- 3 and
      +27 +/- 5 kJ/mol of myosin-S1 in two series of experiments at 12 degrees C and
      +26 +/- 5 kJ/mol of myosin-S1 at 0 degrees C, indicating that delta Cp for this
      reaction in the range of 0-12 degrees C is small (-80 J/mol/K). The enthalpy of
      binding of HMM to actin at 12 degrees C was found to be +26 +/- 1 kJ/mol of
      myosin head. The enthalpies determined here and the equilibrium constants
      obtained from the literature for measurements at 20 degrees C under identical
      solvent conditions were used to estimate the entropy of the association of myosin
      S1 and HMM with F-actin: +235 J/mol/K for myosin-S1 and +190 J/mol of myosin
      head/K for HMM. Thermodynamic parameters of the interaction of myosin-S1 with
      actin and ADP or AMP-PNP can be evaluated using the enthalpy of association of
      myosin-S1 with actin determined here, together with literature values for the
      equilibrium constants and enthalpies of binding of these nucleotides to myosin
      S1. The calculated enthalpies of binding of ADP or AMP-PNP to actomyosin-S1 are
      small and negative.

PMID- 6381483
TI  - Early steps in processing of yeast glycoproteins.
AB  - N-linked oligosaccharides have been examined on glycoproteins accumulated in
      yeast mutants that are blocked at successive stages in the secretory pathway, and
      in a new mutant, gls1-1, deficient in removal of glucose from N-linked core
      oligosaccharides, but not blocked in secretion. Oligosaccharides on invertase, a
      secreted protein, and carboxypeptidase Y, a vacuolar protein, are matured
      normally in the gls1 mutant but retain three glucoses/carbohydrate chain. The
      gls1 mutation is recessive and extracts of mutant cells are inactive in release
      of labeled glucose from core oligosaccharides. The mutant thus lacks glucosidase
      I activity but could also be deficient in the other core oligosaccharide
      glucosidase. When transport from the endoplasmic reticulum is blocked in sec18, N
      linked oligosaccharides accumulate with a size corresponding to Man8GlcNAc2 when
      the normal GLS1 allele is present, and Glc3Man8GlcNAc2 in the gls1 mutant. From
      this we infer that all glucose units are removed prior to glycoprotein transport
      from the endoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 6381485
TI  - Modification and processing of Bacillus licheniformis prepenicillinase in
      Escherichia coli. Fate of mutant penicillinase lacking lipoprotein modification
      site.
AB  - We have previously shown that Bacillus licheniformis prepenicillinase is modified
      and processed to form membrane-bound penicillinase in Escherichia coli which
      contains N-acylglyceride-cysteine27 at the NH2 terminus. In the present study, we
      have constructed, by in vitro site-directed mutagenesis, two mutant penicillinase
      genes in which the modification site (the 27th cysteine residue in
      prepenicillinase) is either converted into serine (penPSer27) or is deleted along
      with the preceding four residues (Ala23 to Cys27, delta penP2327). The
      modification, processing, and subcellular localization of these two mutant
      penicillinases in E. coli cells were studied. Our results indicate that the delta
      penP2327 deletion mutant prepenicillinase is largely metabolically inert and the
      unmodified and uncleaved form is associated with the membrane fraction; a small
      fraction (about 7-9%) appears to contain glyceride-modified prepenicillinase
      (presumably at the Cys-21 position) which is not cleaved. In contrast, the Cys-27
      in equilibrium Ser-27 point mutant prepenicillinase is processed into two forms
      which contain Asn-29 and Ser-35 at their NH2 termini, respectively, and the bulk
      of the processed penicillinase appears to be located in the peri-plasm. These
      results are discussed in terms of the substrate specificities of signal
      peptidases in E. coli.

PMID- 6381484
TI  - Chlorination of endogenous amines by isolated neutrophils. Ammonia-dependent
      bactericidal, cytotoxic, and cytolytic activities of the chloramines.
AB  - Isolated human neutrophilic leukocytes were stimulated to produce hydrogen
      peroxide (H2O2) and to secrete cytoplasmic granule components including
      myeloperoxidase into the medium. Myeloperoxidase catalyzed the oxidation of
      chloride (Cl-) by H2O2 to yield hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which reacted with
      endogenous nitrogen compounds to yield derivatives containing nitrogen-chlorine
      (N-Cl) bonds. Compounds available for reaction with HOCl were ammonia (NH+4),
      taurine, alpha-amino acids, and granule proteins and peptides that were released
      into the medium. A portion of the N-Cl derivatives formed under these conditions
      accumulated in the extracellular medium. These long lived oxidizing agents were
      characterized as hydrophilic, low molecular weight, mono-N-chloramine (RNHCl)
      derivatives based on their absorption spectrum, ability to oxidize 5-thio-2
      nitrobenzoic acid and to chlorinate ammonia (NH+4), and behavior upon
      ultrafiltration, gel chromatography, and extraction with organic solvents. The
      RNHCl derivatives were of low toxicity, but reacted with NH+4 to yield the
      lipophilic oxidizing agent monochloramine (NH2Cl). Therefore, the addition of
      NH+4 conferred bactericidal, cytotoxic, and cytolytic activities on the RNHCl
      derivatives. The results indicate that taurine and other neutrophil amines
      protect neutrophils and other cells against oxidative attack by acting as a trap
      for HOCl and by competing with endogenous NH+4 for reaction with HOCl. However,
      the RNHCl derivatives act as a reserve of oxidizing equivalents that is converted
      to a toxic form when an increase in NH+4 concentration favors formation of NH2Cl.

PMID- 6381486
TI  - Amplification and purification of plasmid-encoded thioredoxin from Escherichia
      coli K12.
AB  - The thioredoxin gene (trxA) from Escherichia coli K12 has been cloned on a 3
      kilobase pair PvuII fragment in a derivative of pBR325 (pBHK8). Thioredoxin
      protein production was amplified 150-200-fold in a strain containing pBHK8
      (SK3981), with the greatest increase/cell observed after cultures reached
      stationary phase. A simple purification procedure, involving DEAE and AcA-54
      column chromatography, yielded homogeneous protein with approximately 70% yield.
      The high amplification of thioredoxin in these cells (i.e. 10(6) copies/cell
      representing 40% of total cell protein) approaches the maximum yields seen in
      genetically constructed cloning vehicles (Bernard, H.U., and Helinski, D.R.
      (1980) in Genetic Engineering (Setlow, J. K., and Hollaender, A., eds) Vol. 2,
      pp. 133-167, Plenum Press, New York). This tremendous overproduction of
      thioredoxin protein is attributed to the high plasmid copy number observed in
      SK3981 (1700/cell). These results suggest a role for thioredoxin in plasmid DNA
      replication.

PMID- 6381487
TI  - High resolution localization of the tRNA anticodon interaction site on the
      Escherichia coli 30 S ribosomal subunit.
AB  - A body of previous work has shown that when Escherichia coli tRNAVal1 is placed
      in the P site of E. coli ribosomes and irradiated, the 5'-anticodon base of this
      tRNA, 5-carboxymethoxyuridine, is cross-linked to C-1400 of the 16 S rRNA. By
      tagging the carboxyl group of the cross-linked tRNA residue with a 2,4
      dinitrophenyl (DNP) group attached via a 9 A spacer, it has been possible to
      directly visualize this cross-linking site by immunoelectron microscopy. The DNP
      group was attached by addition of ethylenediamine to the carboxyl group, followed
      by condensation of the newly formed free amino group with the N
      hydroxysuccinimide ester of N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid. When
      reacted with anti-DNP antibody, this modification brings the surface of the
      antibody to within 9 A of the pyrimidine ring which was cross-linked. Neither
      codon-dependent binding nor cross-linking were materially affected by the tRNA
      modification. The tRNA-ribosome adduct formed a stable complex with anti-DNP
      antibody only when 50-30 S subunit association was prevented. Electron
      microscopic examination of the immune complexes showed that greater than 95% of
      those detected had the antibody localized deep in the cleft which separates the
      head and neck of the 30 S from the large protrusion. Since this is the site of
      cross-linking of the anticodon of tRNA, we conclude that this region on the 30 S
      subunit corresponds to the decoding site.

PMID- 6381488
TI  - The kinetic mechanism of salicylate hydroxylase as studied by initial rate
      measurement, rapid reaction kinetics, and isotope effects.
AB  - The kinetic mechanism of Pseudomonas cepacia salicylate hydroxylase has been
      examined by steady state initial rate measurements, and stopped flow and
      equilibrium studies. Results indicate that salicylate and NADH bind to the
      hydroxylase randomly. The enzyme is reduced and NAD+ is released. Oxygen
      subsequently binds to the reduced enzyme . substrate complex, leading to the
      production of hydroxylated product, CO2, and water. Based on results of anaerobic
      rapid mixing experiments, the rate of enzyme reduction by NADH is enhanced 290-
      and 240-fold when the hydroxylase is complexed with salicylate and benzoate (a
      nonsubstrate effector), respectively. Salicylate enhances, whereas benzoate
      slightly weakens, the NADH binding to the enzyme. Primary isotope effects were
      observed with (4R)-[4-2H]- and (4R)-[4-3H]NADH but not with the (4S)-[4-2H]NADH.
      Using varying concentrations of benzoate, the pattern of tritium isotope effect
      on Vm/Km, T(V/K), also indicates that benzoate and NADH bind to the enzyme
      randomly. The intrinsic isotope effects, Dk, of (4R)-[4-2H]NADH on the reduction
      of enzyme . salicylate and enzyme . benzoate complexes were found to be 5.57 and
      5.96, respectively. The former is much repressed but the latter is only slightly
      so in the expression of their corresponding deuterium isotope effects on Vm, DV.
      Furthermore, values of DV (1.69 to 5.07) show a rough correlation with the
      extents of uncoupling of substrate hydroxylation and H2O2 formation activities
      for a series of benzenoid effectors. These results indicate that relative to the
      step of enzyme reduction, the subsequent reaction(s) leading to H2O2 formation
      must be fast whereas that for substrate hydroxylation contains at least one slow
      step.

PMID- 6381489
TI  - Manganese and iron superoxide dismutases are structural homologs.
AB  - The crystal structure of a tetrameric manganese superoxide dismutase from a
      thermophilic bacterium, Thermus thermophilus HB8, has been determined at 4.4-A
      resolution by local averaging of electron density maps calculated by isomorphous
      replacement. The spatial arrangement of the principal secondary structural
      features of iron superoxide dismutase is conserved in manganese dismutase. The
      structural homology is displayed by orienting the polypeptide chain of
      Escherichia coli Fe dismutase in the electron density map of Mn dismutase.
      Densities corresponding to bound Mn3+ occur at locations equivalent to the Fe3+
      positions in iron dismutase, indicating one metal binding site per chain, or four
      sites per tetramer. The Mn tetramer, with 222 symmetry, is approximately
      rectangular in shape and appears to be constructed with only two unique
      interfaces. One set of interchain contacts closely resembles the dimer interface
      of Fe dismutase, but the other interface utilizes an inserted polypeptide segment
      that has no equivalent in Fe dismutase.

PMID- 6381490
TI  - Purification and properties of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, an iron
      sulfur flavoprotein from Clostridium formicoaceticum.
AB  - Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase in Clostridium formicoaceticum has been
      purified to a specific activity of 140 mumol min-1 mg-1 when assayed at 37
      degrees C, pH 7.2, in the direction of oxidation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate with
      benzyl viologen as electron acceptor. The purified enzyme is judged to be
      homogeneous by polyacrylamide disc-gel electrophoresis and gel filtration. The
      enzyme which is an octamer has a molecular weight of about 237,000 and consists
      of four each of two different subunits having the molecular weights 26,000 and
      35,000. The octameric enzyme contains per mol 15.2 +/- 0.3 iron, 2.3 +/- 0.2
      zinc, 19.5 +/- 1.3 acid-labile sulfur, and 1.7 FAD. The UV-visible absorbance
      spectrum has a peak at 385 nm and a shoulder at 430 nm and is that of a
      flavoprotein containing iron-sulfur centers. The reductase, which is sensitive to
      oxygen, must be handled anaerobically and is stabilized by 2 mM dithionite. It
      catalyzes the reduction of methylene blue, menadione, benzyl viologen,
      rubredoxin, and FAD with 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and the oxidation of reduced
      ferredoxin and FADH2 with 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. No activity was
      observed with pyridine nucleotides. It is suggested that the physiologically
      important reaction catalyzed by the enzyme is the reduced ferredoxin-dependent
      reduction of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate.

PMID- 6381491
TI  - Oxygen taxis and proton motive force in Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - The aerotactic response of Salmonella typhimurium SL3730 has been quantitatively
      correlated with a change in the proton motive force (delta p) as measured by a
      flow-dialysis technique. At pH 7.5, the membrane potential (delta psi) in S.
      typhimurium changed from -162 +/- 13 to -111 +/- 15 mV when cells grown
      aerobically were made anaerobic, and it returned to the original value when the
      cells were returned to aerobiosis. The delta pH across the membrane was zero. At
      pH 5.5, delta psi was -70 mV in aerobiosis and -20 mV in anaerobiosis, and delta
      pH was -118 and -56 mV for aerobic and anaerobic cells, respectively. A decrease
      in delta p resulted in increased tumbling, and an increase in delta p resulted in
      a smooth swimming response at either pH. Inhibition of aerotaxis at pH 7.5 by
      various concentrations of KCN correlated with a decreased delta p, due to a
      decreased delta psi in aerobiosis and little change in delta psi in anaerobiosis.
      At concentrations up to 100 mM, 2,4-dinitrophenol decreased delta psi, but did
      not inhibit aerotaxis because the difference between delta psi in aerobic and
      anaerobic cells remained constant. Considered as a whole, the results indicate
      that aerotaxis in S. typhimurium is mediated by delta p.

PMID- 6381492
TI  - Comparison of active mutants and wild-type aspartate transcarbamoylase of
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Two active mutants of aspartate transcarbamoylase from Escherichia coli have been
      purified from strains which produce large quantities of enzyme. Each enzyme was
      isolated from a different spontaneous revertant of a pyrimidine auxotrophic
      strain produced by mutagenesis with nitrogen mustard. Both enzymes exhibit
      allosteric properties with one having significantly less and the other more
      cooperativity than wild-type enzyme. Isolated catalytic subunits had different
      values of Km and Vmax. Studies on hybrids constructed from mutant catalytic and
      wild-type regulatory subunits (and vice versa) indicate that catalytic chains
      encoded by pyrB and not the regulatory chains encoded by pyrI were affected by
      the mutations. Differential scanning calorimetry experiments support these
      conclusions. Both mutant enzymes undergo ligand-promoted conformational changes
      analogous to those exhibited by wild-type enzyme: a 3% decrease in the
      sedimentation coefficient and a 5-fold increase in the reactivity of the
      sulfhydryl groups of the regulatory chains. Interactions between catalytic and
      regulatory chains in the mutants are weaker than those in the wild-type enzyme.
      The gross conformational changes of the mutants upon adding the bisubstrate
      ligand, N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate, in the presence of the substrate,
      carbamoylphosphate, and the activator, ATP, correlate with differences in
      cooperativity. The mutant with lower cooperativity is more readily converted from
      the low-affinity, compact, T-state to the high-affinity, swollen, R-state than is
      wild-type enzyme; this conversion for the more cooperative enzyme is
      energetically less favorable.

PMID- 6381493
TI  - Chloride binding to alkaline phosphatase. 113Cd and 35Cl NMR.
AB  - Chloride binding to alkaline phosphatase from Escherichia coli has been monitored
      by 35Cl NMR for the native zinc enzyme and by 113Cd NMR for two Cd(II)
      substituted species, phosphorylated Cd(II)6 alkaline phosphatase and
      unphosphorylated Cd(II)2 alkaline phosphatase. Of the three metal binding sites
      per enzyme monomer, A, B, and C, only the NMR signal of 113Cd(II) at the A sites
      shows sensitivity to the presence of Cl-, suggesting that Cl- coordination occurs
      at the A site metal ion. From the differences in the chemical shift changes
      produced in the A site 113Cd resonance for the covalent (E-P) form of the enzyme
      versus the noncovalent (E . P) form of the enzyme, it is concluded that the A
      site metal ion can assume a five-coordinate form. The E-P form of the enzyme has
      three histidyl nitrogens as ligands from the protein to the A site metal ion plus
      either two water molecules or two Cl- ions as additional monodentate ligands. In
      the E . P form, there is a phosphate oxygen as a monodentate ligand and either a
      water molecule or a Cl- ion as the additional monodentate ligand. The shifts of
      the 113Cd NMR signals of the unphosphorylated Cd(II)2 enzyme induced by Cl- are
      very similar to those induced in the E-P derivative of the same enzyme,
      supporting the conclusion that the phosphoseryl residue is not directly
      coordinated to any of the metal ions. Specific broadening of the 35Cl resonance
      from bulk Cl- is induced by Zn(II)4 alkaline phosphatase, while Zn(II)2 alkaline
      phosphatase is even more effective, suggesting an influence by occupancy of the B
      site on the interaction of monodentate ligands at the A site. A reduction in this
      quadrupolar broadening is observed upon phosphate binding at pH values where E .
      P is formed, but not at pH values where E-P is the major species, confirming a
      specific interaction of Cl- at the A site, the site to which phosphate is bound
      in E . P, but not in E-P. For the zinc enzyme, a significant decrease in
      phosphate binding affinity can be shown to occur at pH 8 where one monomer has a
      higher affinity than the other.

PMID- 6381494
TI  - The mixed disulfide in the zymogen of streptococcal proteinase. Characterization
      and implication for its biosynthesis.
AB  - The identity of the volatile mercaptide and the metabolic pathway by which it
      becomes combined with the zymogen of streptococcal proteinase in the mixed
      disulfide were investigated. Mass spectrometric analysis identified the oxidized
      form of the volatile mercaptan as methanesulfonic acid. The mass spectrum of a
      peptide isolated from tryptic and subsequent chymotryptic digests of the zymogen
      was shown to be consistent with the previously reported amino acid sequence for a
      chymotryptic peptide with the sequence Val-Gly-Gln-Ala-Ala-Thr-Gly-His-Cys(SCH3)
      Val. Studies using [35S] cystine, [methyl-35S]methionine and [methyl
      14C]methionine in a cell suspension system revealed that the biosynthesis of the
      mixed disulfide in the zymogen may involve the formation of protein-S-SH followed
      by transmethylation rather than result from a direct transfer of an intact
      methanethiol to the cysteinyl residue of the zymogen. It is proposed that the
      attachment of the CH3-SH group to the protein-SH to form protein-S-S-CH3 is a
      process that is intimately related to the mechanism of secretion of the
      proteinase into the culture fluid by streptococci.

PMID- 6381495
TI  - Guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate), a potent nucleotide inhibitor of microtubule
      assembly.
AB  - Guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTP gamma S) and the two diastereoisomers of
      guanosine 5'-O-(2-thiotriphosphate) (GTP beta S) were prepared enzymatically, and
      their interactions with tubulin and microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) in 0.1
      M 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonate, 0.5 mM MgCl2 were examined. GTP gamma S did
      not support microtubule assembly but instead inhibited the reaction. This analog
      was 1.5-2 times more potent than GDP in inhibiting both tubulin polymerization
      and GTP hydrolysis under conditions in which these reactions were dependent on
      MAPs. In contrast to the analog's inhibitory effects on polymerization and
      hydrolysis, however, radiolabeled GTP gamma S was only feebly bound by purified
      tubulin at 0 degrees C relative to the binding of GDP and GTP. There was a marked
      increase in the amount of GTP gamma S bound when the reaction temperature was
      raised to 37 degrees C or when MAPs were included in the reaction mixture. Only
      when both MAPs were present and the higher reaction temperature was used did the
      binding of GTP gamma S exceed that of GDP. Since substitution of sulfur for
      oxygen in a molecule should decrease its hydrophilic properties, these findings
      suggest that the exchangeable nucleotide binding site of tubulin becomes more
      hydrophobic at higher temperatures and in the presence of MAPs. The two isomers
      of GTP beta S were able to support MAP-dependent polymerization, although a 50
      100-fold higher concentration of the analogs as compared to GTP was required.
      Neither isomer of GTP beta S had a significant inhibitory effect on GTP
      hydrolysis dependent on tubulin + MAPs.

PMID- 6381496
TI  - Rapid assay and purification of a unique signal peptidase that processes the
      prolipoprotein from Escherichia coli B.
AB  - A simple and accurate assay for prolipoprotein signal peptidase activity has been
      described that is based on the solubility of the signal peptide in 80% acetone.
      The unprocessed precursor and the mature form of the lipoprotein are
      quantitatively recovered in the precipitate. The signal peptide, from the acetone
      supernatant utilizing the purified signal peptidase, contains labeled methionine
      at its NH2 terminus and has Mr = 2200 (S.E. = 69). A specific signal peptidase
      that processes the modified form of Braun's prolipoprotein to its correct mature
      form has been purified. This enzyme is globomycin sensitive and has been purified
      35,000-fold from the membranes of Escherichia coli by extraction at pH 4.0 with
      2% Triton X-100 and heating, followed by conventional column chromatography at
      room temperature. This prolipoprotein signal peptidase has a pH optimum at 6.0,
      is not inhibited by EDTA, and requires 1 mM dithiothreitol for stability. The
      monomer molecular weight of this specific signal peptidase is 17,800 (S.E. = 900)
      as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 6381497
TI  - Glucocorticoid receptors in human fibroblasts derived from normal dermis and
      keloid tissue.
AB  - Hydrocortisone stimulates proliferation and System A amino acid transport in
      cultured human fibroblasts, while decreasing production of collagen. Fibroblasts
      isolated from keloid tissue have an unusual glucocorticoid response; they are
      hyporesponsive with regard to proliferation and collagen production but
      hyperresponsive with regard to the induction of System A amino acid transport
      (Russell, J. D., Russell, S. B., and Trupin, K. M. (1978) J. Cell. Physiol. 97,
      221-229; Russell, S. B., Russell, J. D., and Trupin, J. S. (1982) J. Biol. Chem.
      256, 9525-9531). We show here that despite these differences, the glucocorticoid
      receptors of keloid cells do not differ from those of normal dermal fibroblasts
      in steroid specificity, dissociation constant (Kd), total number of binding sites
      (Bmax), or nuclear binding of glucocorticoid-receptor complexes. A single
      glucocorticoid binding species of molecular weight 93,000 was found in both cell
      types. A monolayer assay for glucocorticoid receptor binding is described which
      facilitates analysis of multiple strains of cultured cells. This assay gives the
      same specificity and dissociation constants as the conventional cytosol assay,
      but it is more sensitive. The magnitude of induction of System A amino acid
      transport was found to be directly proportional to glucocorticoid receptor
      occupancy in both keloid-derived and normal fibroblasts. This induction requires
      serum, which can be replaced with 1 nM insulin.

PMID- 6381498
TI  - Effects of guanine nucleotides and Mg on human erythrocyte Ni and Ns, the
      regulatory components of adenylyl cyclase.
AB  - The effect of GTP analogs and Mg on the structure of Ns and Ni, the stimulatory
      and inhibitory regulatory components of adenylyl cyclase, were studied in a
      comparative manner. Both N proteins, which are alpha beta gamma heterotrimers
      that differ in their alpha subunits, when exposed to GTP analogs underwent a Mg
      dependent conformational change that was not dependent on subunit dissociation.
      This was seen both as change in sedimentation behavior at 4 degrees C from 4 S to
      about 3 S and by a property of the new conformation to retain guanine nucleotide
      tightly bound to it. Warming to 32 degrees C promoted subunit dissociation, each
      protein giving a mixture of 2 S alpha G and 2 S beta gamma complexes. For both Ns
      and Ni, these reactions were reversible: 2 S complexes of Ns and Ni associated to
      3 S forms on cooling to 4 degrees C, provided the Mg concentration was at or
      below 10 mM and detergent concentration was below 1%, and the 3 S complexes of
      these proteins reverted to 4 S forms and released the nucleotide in the cold on
      chelation of free Mg with EDTA. Reconstitution assays with Ns-deficient membranes
      from cyc- S49 lymphoma cells revealed that the 3 S form of Ns is a "pre-active"
      form of the protein. The scheme below summarizes these findings, where G
      represents a guanine nucleotide. (Formula: see text) Ns and Ni differ in that
      more Mg is necessary to promote the 4 S to 3 S conversion of Ns than of Ni, and
      in that both the 2 S to 3 S to 4 S conversions proceeded more readily with Ni
      than with of Ns. Mg could not be shown to promote subunit dissociation. The above
      scheme is suggested as a plausible description of the reaction sequence leading
      from an unactivated to an activated N protein.

PMID- 6381499
TI  - An arginine/histidine exchange transport system in vacuolar-membrane vesicles of
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - High-affinity arginine-uptake activity in vacuolar-membrane vesicles from the
      yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was detected in the presence of ATP and histidine.
      Histidine increased the initial rate of uptake and the steady level of
      accumulation of arginine. When the vesicles were preloaded with histidine in the
      absence of ATP and diluted, transient uptake of arginine took place with
      concomitant downhill efflux of histidine from the vesicles. Kinetic examination
      indicated the existence of a unique transport system which catalyzed exchange of
      1 mol of arginine outside with 1 mol of histidine inside the vacuolar membrane.
      The Ktentry for arginine and the Ktexit for histidine were determined to be 0.1
      and 1.1 mM, respectively.

PMID- 6381500
TI  - The predominant protein of canine seminal plasma is an enzyme.
AB  - One protein in canine seminal plasma accounts for over 90% of the total protein
      and is present at the high concentration of approximately 10 mg/ml. We
      demonstrate that this predominant protein is a proteolytic enzyme. The enzyme has
      been purified and migrates as a single symmetrical peak of apparent molecular
      mass of 29,000 daltons on a column of Sephadex G-75 and as a single band of
      approximately 30,000 daltons when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions. Under reducing
      conditions, the enzyme dissociates into subunits of 15,000 and 12,000-14,000
      daltons. The 15,000-dalton subunit contains the enzyme active site as determined
      by labeling with [3H]diisopropyl fluorophosphate. The enzyme hydrolyzed the
      synthetic ester substrates N alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester and N alpha
      tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester with maximum specific activities at 25 degrees C of
      105 mumol/min/mg and 33 mumol/min/mg, and Km values of 7.4 and 9.1 mM,
      respectively. The enzyme exhibited a pH optimum of 8.0. The metal ions, Cu2+,
      Zn2+, Cd2+, and Co2+ were reversible inhibitors and diisopropyl fluorophosphate
      and phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride irreversible inhibitors of enzymatic activity.
      By immunofluorescence, the enzyme can be detected on the tail and postacrosomal
      regions of washed ejaculated canine sperm, but it is absent from epididymal
      sperm.

PMID- 6381501
TI  - Insulin receptor regulation and desensitization in rat hepatoma cells. The loss
      of the oligomeric forms of the receptor correlates with the change in receptor
      affinity.
AB  - We have previously reported that prolonged incubations of Fao cells, a cell line
      derived from the well-differentiated Reuber H35 rat hepatoma, with 10(-6) M
      insulin, induced a decrease in receptor number (down-regulation), an increase in
      receptor affinity for insulin, and a loss of insulin's biological effect
      (desensitization). In the present study, we have investigated the relationship
      between these changes in insulin binding and action and changes in the structure
      of the insulin receptor. Intact cells were surface labeled with Na125I and
      lactoperoxidase, and the 125I-labeled insulin receptor was immunoprecipitated
      using specific antibodies and analyzed on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis. Autoradiography of gels done under reducing conditions
      demonstrated the alpha (Mr = 135,000) and the beta (Mr = 95,000) subunits of the
      receptor. In nonreduced gels, free insulin receptor subunits were observed as
      well as four higher molecular weight bands with Mr = 210,000, 270,000, 350,000,
      and 520,000. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed that these bands
      correspond to alpha-beta heterodimer, alpha 2 homodimer, and two alpha-beta
      oligomers of high molecular weights, respectively. Cross-linking of 125I-insulin
      to intact cells with disuccinimidyl suberate revealed bands of Mr = 125,000,
      210,000, 250,000 and 320,000, indicating that most of the forms of the receptor
      could bind insulin. After incubation with 10(-6) M insulin for 24 h, Fao cells
      revealed a marked decrease of the four oligomeric forms of the receptor, with
      little change in the level of the free alpha and beta subunits. A similar
      decrease of the oligomeric forms of the insulin receptor and an increase in the
      free subunits was observed when normal Fao cells are treated with 7 mM
      dithiothreitol. In dithiothreitol-treated cells, 125I-insulin binding was
      increased and this increase was accounted for by a change in affinity. In
      contrast to Fao cells, down-regulation of the insulin receptor in IM-9
      lymphocytes occurs without a change in receptor affinity. In these cells, surface
      labeling revealed a decrease in total receptors after down-regulation, but not
      change in the proportion of the oligomeric forms to the free subunits of the
      receptor. These data suggest the following in Fao hepatoma cells. In the native
      state, the insulin receptor consists of free alpha and beta subunits and several
      kinds of disulfide-linked oligomers of these subunits.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 6381502
TI  - Generation of monoclonal antibodies to RNA polymerase II for the identification
      of transcriptional factors.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies were raised against a partially purified RNA polymerase II
      preparation from hen oviduct. Hybridomas were screened using enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assays, and those producing antibodies against the RNA polymerase
      II preparation were cloned twice. The specificity of monoclonal antibodies for
      RNA polymerase II was determined by three types of assays: first, by immunoblot
      assay; second, by removal of enzyme activity using indirect immunoprecipitation;
      and third, by affinity column chromatography. Several monoclonal antibodies were
      identified. One of them, 4C3-21 was characterized in detail here. This monoclonal
      antibody recognized the native form of RNA polymerase II from chicken oviduct,
      calf thymus, and HeLa cells, but it did not recognize Escherichia coli RNA
      polymerase. In addition, after interacting with RNA polymerase, this antibody did
      not inhibit total RNA synthesis nor specific initiation of transcription on
      cloned ovalbumin fragments in vitro. Finally, since the antibody did not react
      with polymerase subunits separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, we deduced that the antibody interacted with the native form of
      the enzyme at a site which is not involved in initiation or elongation of RNA
      synthesis. This allowed us to undertake an unique approach utilizing antibody
      affinity column chromatography for purification of transcriptional factors. Using
      this approach, we demonstrated that certain transcription factor(s) were
      associated with RNA polymerase II and could be absorbed to an affinity column as
      an RNA polymerase-transcriptional factor complex. Differential elution can be
      carried out subsequently. Therefore, this antibody column should prove to be very
      useful for the purification of transcriptional regulatory factor(s) which bind to
      RNA polymerase.

PMID- 6381503
TI  - Distinct cytoskeletal domains revealed in sperm cells.
AB  - Antibodies against different cytoskeletal proteins were used to study the
      cytoskeletal organization of human spermatozoa. A positive staining with actin
      antibodies was seen in both the acrosomal cap region and the principal piece
      region of the tail. However, no staining was obtained with nitrobenzoxadiazol
      phallacidin, suggesting that most of the actin was in the nonpolymerized form.
      Most of the myosin immunoreactivity was confirmed to a narrow band in the neck
      region of spermatozoa. Tubulin was located to the entire tail, whereas vimentin
      was only seen in a discrete band-like structure encircling the sperm head,
      apparently coinciding with the equatorial segment region. Surface staining of the
      spermatozoa with fluorochrome-coupled Helix pomatia agglutinin revealed a similar
      band-like structure that co-distributed with the vimentin-specific staining.
      Instead, other lectin conjugates used labeled either the acrosomal cap region
      (peanut and soybean agglutinins), both the acrosomal cap and the postacrosomal
      region of the head (concanavalin A), or the whole sperm cell surface membrane
      (wheat germ and lens culinaris agglutinins and ricinus communis agglutinin l). In
      lectin blotting experiments, the Helix pomatia agglutinin-binding was assigned to
      a 80,000-mol-wt polypeptide which, together with vimentin, also resisted
      treatment with Triton X-100. Only the acrosomal cap and the principal piece of
      the tail were decorated with rabbit and hydridoma antibodies against an
      immunoanalogue of erythrocyte alpha-spectrin (p230). p230 appeared to be the
      major calmodulin-binding polypeptide in spermatozoa, as shown by a direct overlay
      assay of electrophoretic blots of spermatozoa with 125I-calmodulin. The results
      indicate that spermatozoa have a highly specialized cytoskeletal organization and
      that the distribution of actin, spectrin, and vimentin can be correlated with
      distinct surface specializations of the sperm cells. This suggest that
      cytoskeleton may regulate the maintenance of these surface assemblies and, hence,
      affect the spermatozoan function.

PMID- 6381504
TI  - Associations of elements of the Golgi apparatus with microtubules.
AB  - The intracellular spatial relationships between elements of the Golgi apparatus
      (GA) and microtubules in interphase cells have been explored by double
      immunofluorescence microscopy. By using cultured cells infected with the
      temperature-sensitive Orsay-45 mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus and a
      temperature shift-down protocol, we visualized functional elements of the GA by
      immunolabeling of the G protein of the virus that was arrested in the GA during
      its intracellular passage to the plasma membrane 13 min after the temperature
      shift-down. Complete disassembly of the cytoplasmic microtubules by nocodazole at
      the nonpermissive temperature before the temperature shift led to the dispersal
      of the GA elements, from their normal compact perinuclear configuration close to
      the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) into the cell periphery. Washout of the
      nocodazole that led to the reassembly of the microtubules from the MTOC also led
      to the recompaction of the GA elements to their normal configuration. During this
      recompaction process, GA elements were seen in close lateral apposition to
      microtubules. In cells treated with nocodazole followed by taxol, an MTOC
      developed, but most of the microtubules were free of the MTOC and were assembled
      into bundles in the cell periphery. Under these circumstances, the GA elements
      that had been dispersed into the cell periphery by the nocodazole treatment
      remained dispersed despite the presence of an MTOC. In cells treated directly
      with taxol, free microtubules were seen in the cytoplasm in widely different,
      bundled configurations from one cell to another, but, in each case, elements of
      the GA appeared to be associated with one of the two end regions of the
      microtubule bundles, and to be uncorrelated with the locations of the vimentin
      intermediate filaments in these cells. These results are interpreted to suggest
      two types of associations of elements of the GA with microtubules: one lateral,
      and the other (more stable) end-on. The end-on association is suggested to
      involve the minus-end regions of microtubules, and it is proposed that this
      accounts for the GA-MTOC association in normal cells.

PMID- 6381505
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in nervous
      tissue. II. Studies in developing brain.
AB  - In contrast to the intracellular (cytoplasmic) localization of chondroitin
      sulfate proteoglycans in adult brain (Aquino, D. A., R. U. Margolis, and R. K.
      Margolis, 1984, J. Cell Biol. 99:940-952), immunoelectron microscopic studies in
      immature (7 d postnatal) rat cerebellum demonstrated almost exclusively
      extracellular staining in the granule cell and molecular layers. Staining was
      also extracellular and/or associated with plasma membranes in the region of the
      presumptive white matter. Axons, which are unmyelinated at this age, generally
      did not stain, although faint intracellular staining was present in some
      astrocytes. At 10 and 14 d postnatal there was a significant decrease in
      extracellular space and staining, and by 21 d distinct cytoplasmic staining of
      neurons and astrocytes appeared. This intracellular staining further increased by
      33 d so as to closely resemble the pattern seen in adult brain. Analyses of the
      proteoglycans isolated from 7-d-old and adult brain demonstrated that they have
      essentially identical biochemical compositions, immunochemical reactivity, size,
      charge, and density. These findings indicate that the antibodies used in this
      study recognize the same macromolecule in both early postnatal and adult brain,
      and that the localization of this proteoglycan changes progressively from an
      extracellular to an intracellular location during brain development.

PMID- 6381506
TI  - Myosin rings and spreading in mouse blastomeres.
AB  - The relationship between myosin organization and cell spreading in the
      preimplantation mouse embryo was studied by indirect immunofluorescence in
      embryos cultured on lectin-coated substrates. Binding of cell surface
      polysaccharides to substrate-bound concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin
      induced changes in myosin distribution that resembled those which occur during
      cell-cell contact interaction. This involved an initial loss of myosin from the
      contact region that was associated with the development of stable cell-substrate
      attachments. In addition, a ring of myosin was formed along the edge of the
      cells' contact to the substrate. The presence of such a ring may be related to
      the potential for subsequent cell spreading. A myosin ring was also identified in
      the apical junctional region of the outer morula cells where it similarly
      separated the cell periphery into contacted and free peripheral domains.
      Following these changes in myosin organization the embryos spread on the
      substrate by extension of lamellipodia. These movements were coupled to the
      dissolution of the myosin ring and the reorganization of myosin into filament
      bundles. The sequence of changes in the pattern of myosin distribution suggests
      that contact regulation of myosin organization plays an important role in
      controlling the spreading behavior of blastomeres and perhaps more generally in
      the organization of cells into epithelia.

PMID- 6381507
TI  - Effects of mitotic and tubulin mutations on microtubule architecture in actively
      growing protoplasts of Aspergillus nidulans.
AB  - We used immunofluorescent microscopy to characterize microtubule (MT)
      architecture in wild-type and mutant protoplasts of Aspergillus nidulans at
      interphase and at mitosis. Because the visualization of MTs by immunofluorescence
      is technically difficult in intact hyphae of A. nidulans, we developed a method
      for removing the cell wall under conditions that do not perturb cell physiology,
      as evidenced by the fact that the resulting protoplasts undergo nuclear division
      at a normal rate and that cell cycle mutant phenotypes are expressed at
      restrictive temperature. Interphase cells exhibited an extensive network of
      cytoplasmic MTs. During mitosis the cytoplasmic MTs mostly disappeared and an
      intranuclear mitotic spindle appeared. We have previously shown that the benA 33
      beta-tubulin mutation causes hyperstabilization of the mitotic spindle, and we
      have presented additional indirect evidence that suggested that the tubA1 and
      tubA4 alpha-tubulin mutations destabilize spindle MTs. In this paper, we show
      that the benA33 mutation increases the stability of cytoplasmic MTs as well as
      spindle MTs and that the tubA1 and tubA4 mutations destabilize both spindle and
      cytoplasmic MTs.

PMID- 6381508
TI  - Localization of actin and myosin for the study of ameboid movement in
      Dictyostelium using improved immunofluorescence.
AB  - The distribution of actin and myosin in Dictyostelium amebae at different
      developmental stages was studied by improved immunofluorescence ("agar-overlay"
      technique). Both were localized at the cortical region of amebae in all early
      developmental stages. In amebae with polarized morphology, bright fluorescence
      with antiactin was seen in the anterior pseudopode. The cortex in the posterior
      end was also stained with antiactin. On the other hand, very specific crescent
      shaped staining with antimyosin was seen at the posterior cortex. In cells in
      contact with each other, actin was concentrated at the contact region, whereas
      myosin was localized specifically in the cortex on the other side of the contact
      region. At the aggregation stage, when monopodial amebae migrate forming streams,
      actin staining was seen all around the cell periphery, with intense fluorescence
      in the anterior pseudopode. On the other hand, specific staining of myosin was
      seen only at the posterior cortex. The cleavage furrow of cells performing
      cytokinesis displayed distinct myosin staining, and this staining represented the
      filamentous structure aligned in parallel to the axis of constriction. These
      findings indicate that myosin staining reflects the portion of the cell cortex
      where contraction occurs and the motive force of ameboid movement is generated at
      the posterior cortex of a migrating cell.

PMID- 6381509
TI  - Abnormality of insulin binding and receptor phosphorylation in an insulin
      resistant melanoma cell line.
AB  - The insulin receptor possesses an insulin-stimulated tyrosine-kinase activity;
      however, the significance of receptor phosphorylation in terms of the binding and
      signaling function of the receptor is unclear. To help clarify this problem, we
      have studied insulin binding and receptor phosphorylation in a Cloudman S91
      melanoma cell line and two of its variants: the wild type (1A) in which insulin
      inhibits cell growth, an insulin-resistant variant (111) in which insulin neither
      stimulates or inhibits growth, and a variant (46) in which insulin stimulates
      cell growth. 125I-insulin binding to intact cells was similar for the wild-type
      1A and insulin-stimulated variant 46. The insulin-resistant variant 111, in
      contrast, showed approximately 30% decrease in insulin binding. This was due to a
      decrease of receptor affinity with no major difference in receptor number. When
      the melanoma cells were solubilized in 1% Triton X-100 and the insulin receptor
      was partially purified by chromatography on wheat germ agglutinin-agarose, a
      similar pattern of binding was observed. Phosphorylation was studied by
      incubation of the partially purified receptor with insulin and [gamma-32P]ATP,
      and the receptor was identified by immunoprecipitation and NaDodSO4 PAGE. Insulin
      stimulated phosphorylation of the 95,000-mol-wt beta-subunit of the receptor in
      all three cells types with similar kinetics. The amount of 32P incorporated into
      the beta-subunit in the insulin-resistant cell line 111 was approximately 50% of
      that observed with the two other cell lines. This difference was reflected
      throughout the entire dose-response curve (10(-9) M to 10(-6) M). Qualitatively
      similar results were obtained when phosphorylation was studied in the intact
      cell. Peptide mapping of the beta-subunit using tryptic digestion and reverse
      phase high-performance liquid chromatography column separation indicated three
      sites of phosphorylation in receptor from the wild type and variant 46, but only
      two major sites of phosphorylation of variant 111. These data suggest that the
      insulin-resistant variant melanoma 111 possesses a specific defect in the insulin
      receptor which alters both its binding and autophosphorylation properties, and
      also suggests a possible role of receptor phosphorylation in both the binding and
      the signaling function of the insulin receptor.

PMID- 6381510
TI  - Striated flagellar roots: isolation and partial characterization of a calcium
      modulated contractile organelle.
AB  - We report the isolation of striated flagellar roots from the Prasinophycean green
      alga Tetraselmis striata using sedimentation in gradients of sucrose and
      flotation on gradients of colloidal silica. PAGE in the presence of 0.1% SDS
      demonstrates that striated flagellar roots are composed of a number of
      polypeptides, the most predominant one being a protein of 20,000 Mr. The 20,000
      Mr protein band represents approximately 63% of the Coomassie Brilliant Blue
      staining of gels of isolated flagellar roots. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
      (isoelectric focusing and SDS PAGE) resolves the major 20,000 Mr flagellar root
      protein into two components of nearly identical Mr, but of differing isoelectric
      points (i.e., pl's of 4.9 and 4.8), which we have designated 20,000-Mr-alpha and
      20,000-Mr-beta, respectively. Densitometric scans of two-dimensional gels of cell
      extracts indicate that the 20,000-Mr-alpha and -beta polypeptides vary, in their
      stoichiometry, between 2:1 and 1:1. This variability appears to be related to the
      state of contraction or extension of the striated flagellar roots at the time of
      cell lysis. Incubation of cells with 32PO4 followed by analysis of cell extracts
      by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and autoradiography reveals that the more
      acidic 20,000-Mr-beta component is phosphorylated and the 20,000-Mr-alpha
      component contains no detectable label. These results suggest that the 20,000-Mr
      alpha component is converted to the more acidic 20,000-Mr-beta form by
      phosphorylation. Both the 20,000-Mr-alpha and -beta flagellar root components
      exhibit a calcium-induced reduction in relative electrophoretic mobilities in two
      dimensional alkaline urea gels. Antiserum raised in rabbits against the 20,000-Mr
      protein binds to both the 20,000-Mr-alpha and 20,000-Mr-beta forms of the
      flagellar root protein when analyzed by electrophoretic immunoblot techniques.
      Indirect immunofluorescence on vegetative or interphase cells demonstrate that
      the antibodies bind to two cyclindrical organelles located in the anterior region
      of the cell. Immunocytochemical investigations at ultrastructural resolution
      using this antiserum and a colloidal gold-conjugated antirabbit-IgG reveals
      immunospecific labeling of striated flagellar roots and their extensions. We
      conclude that striated flagellar roots are simple ion-sensitive contractile
      organelles composed predominantly of a 20,000 Mr calcium-binding phosphoprotein,
      and that this protein is largely responsible for the motile behavior of these
      organelles.

PMID- 6381511
TI  - Isolation of acetylcholine receptor clusters in substrate-associated material
      from cultured rat myotubes using saponin.
AB  - After exposure of rat myotube cultures to saponin, less than 1% of the cellular
      protein was found to remain associated with the tissue culture substrate. This
      substrate-associated material contained approximately 10% of the acetylcholine
      receptors (AChRs) and greater than 80% of the large, ventral AChR clusters
      present in the original culture. The domain structure evident in intact cells was
      maintained in AChR clusters after isolation using saponin. However, vinculin,
      present at the clusters of intact cells, was absent from isolated clusters.
      Dodecyl sulfate PAGE showed that substrate-associated material enriched in AChR
      clusters contained a distinctive set of polypeptides, the major ones
      electrophoresing with apparent molecular weights of 43,000 and 49,000. Saponin
      extraction of cultures of established cell lines also yielded substrate
      associated material with characteristics particular to the cell type.

PMID- 6381512
TI  - Rat liver membrane secretory component is larger than free secretory component in
      bile: evidence for proteolytic conversion of membrane form to free form.
AB  - Secretory component is a receptor for polymeric immunoglobulins on epithelial
      cells and hepatocytes that facilitates transport of polymeric immunoglobulins
      into external secretions. Little is known about the transcellular migration of
      secretory component-polymeric IgA complexes or the membrane forms of secretory
      component. We therefore examined rat bile and liver membranes to identify and
      compare the various molecular species of secretory component. Bile or liver
      membrane proteins were electrophoresed in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gels and electrophoretically transferred to nitrocellulose membranes. Protein
      profiles on blots were probed with antisecretory component antiserum, and the
      immunoreactive bands were visualized by indirect immunoperoxidase staining. Bile
      collected in the presence of proteolytic inhibitors showed an immunoreactive
      doublet band (Mr = 82,000 and 78,000) in the molecular weight range of free
      secretory component. By contrast, free secretory component in bile collected in
      the absence of proteolytic inhibitors and purified by affinity chromatography
      migrated as a single protein with an Mr = 70,000. Both components of the free
      secretory component doublet bound dimeric IgA when blots were probed with human
      dimeric IgA. Crude liver membranes prepared in the presence of proteolytic
      inhibitors showed two immunoreactive secretory component-containing bands, Mr =
      107,000 and 99,000, whereas membranes prepared without proteolytic inhibitors
      showed two smaller immunoreactive bands; one of these proteolytically severed
      proteins comigrated with the 82,000-dalton free secretory component in bile.
      These results indicate that membrane forms of secretory component are present in
      rat liver. The observations that the membrane secretory component is larger than
      biliary free secretory component and yields biliary SC-like forms of secretory
      component upon proteolysis support the hypothesis that free secretory component
      in bile is a proteolytic product of larger liver membrane-associated secretory
      component.

PMID- 6381513
TI  - Secretion and degradation of mutant leucine-specific binding protein molecules
      containing C-terminal deletions.
AB  - The leucine-specific binding protein (LS-BP), a periplasmic component of the
      Escherichia coli high-affinity leucine transport system, is initially synthesized
      in a precursor form with a 23 amino acid N-terminal leader sequence that is
      removed during secretion of the protein into the periplasm. Using in vitro
      mutagenesis, deletion mutants of the LS-BP gene have been constructed with
      altered or missing amino acid sequences in the C-terminal portion of the protein.
      These altered binding proteins exhibited normal processing and secretion but were
      rapidly degraded in the periplasmic space. In the presence of an uncoupler of the
      transmembrane potential (CCCP) the precursor forms accumulated in the membrane
      and were protected from degradation. The altered binding proteins also were
      secreted by spheroplasts of E coli, after which they were easily detected.

PMID- 6381514
TI  - Role of membrane potential in protein folding and domain formation during
      secretion in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The synthesis and processing of the periplasmic components of the leucine
      transport system of E coli have been studied to determine the role played by
      transmembrane potential in protein secretion. Both the leucine-isoleucine-valine
      binding protein and the leucine-specific binding protein are synthesized as
      precursors with 23 amino acid N-terminal leader sequences. The processing of
      these precursors is sensitive to the transmembrane potential. Since the amino
      acid sequence and the crystal structure have been determined for the leucine
      isoleucine-valine binding protein, it and the closely related leucine-specific
      binding protein represent convenient models in which to examine the mechanism of
      protein secretion in E coli. A model for secretion has been proposed, suggesting
      a role for transmembrane potential. In this model, the N-terminal amino acid
      sequence of the precursor is assumed to form a hairpin of two helices. The
      membrane potential may orient this structure to make it accessible to processing.
      In addition, the model suggests that a negatively charged, folded domain of the
      secretory protein may electrophorese toward the trans-positive side of the
      membrane, thus providing an additional role for the transmembrane potential.

PMID- 6381515
TI  - Regional evaluation of ischemic metabolic alterations.

PMID- 6381516
TI  - [Persistent sciatic artery. Apropos of a case, review of the literature ].
AB  - A case is reported of bilateral persisting sciatic arteries: complete on the
      right side but incomplete on the left, revealed by the onset of a distal embolism
      on the right side treated by exclusion and a right femoropopliteal shunt
      operation. The observation of this further case in France led to a review of the
      literature which demonstrated the rarity of this congenital anomaly, which
      usually however represents the only vascular axis to the lower limb, and the
      frequency of aneurysmal transformations with subsequent complications that are
      best treated by ligature combined with a femoropopliteal shunt.

PMID- 6381517
TI  - [Role of ileostomy in typhoid peritonitis].
AB  - Diffuse peritonitis secondary to ileal perforation due to typhoid fever are
      serious and frequent in our country. 42 cases are reported. In 85% the
      perforation is on the end of the ileum between 10 to 50 cm from the Bauhin's
      valve. In 32 cases there is only one perforation. 8 patients underwent 50 cm
      resection of the end of the ileum with terminal ileostomy: one died. One case
      underwent closure. The washing out of peritoneum is done in 15 cases. The covery
      of the continuity is usually executed 3 months later by an iliac surgical
      approach in preference.

PMID- 6381518
TI  - Comparison of methods of analysis for phencyclidine.

PMID- 6381519
TI  - Quantitative determination by ELISA of tobacco necrosis virus from necrotic local
      lesions in tobacco.
AB  - The amounts of tobacco necrosis virus antigen from necrotic lesions in tobacco
      leaves were estimated by ELISA. Less than 10% variation among different plates
      was obtained for the same sample placed in 3 wells randomly selected among the 60
      internal wells of the plates, including in each test a dilution series of
      purified virus. Huxley's simple allometry equations y = bxm (y, absorbance; x,
      virus concentration) were calculated for each plate and gave reproducible results
      within a large range of virus concentration. The amount of viral antigen
      recovered from the necrotic centres of lesions was always significantly lower
      than those from the living tissues of the halo surrounding the centre. The
      serological activity recovered from both necrotic and halo tissues was not
      increased upon various treatments with disaggregating agents. During the
      continuous growth of the lesions the amounts of viral antigen extracted from the
      necrotic centre linearly decreased with time, suggesting virus degradation,
      whereas the amounts of antigen extracted from the living halo tissues increased
      with time, indicating that mechanisms of restricting viral spread and
      multiplication were not operating.

PMID- 6381520
TI  - Clinical correlations of serial quantitative blood cultures determined by lysis
      centrifugation in patients with persistent septicemia.
AB  - The potential clinical value of colony counts determined by the lysis
      centrifugation blood culture method was studied by reviewing the records of eight
      patients with persistent septicemia in whom colony counts were available on at
      least 3 days. Colony counts of the five patients who survived decreased steadily
      as the patients improved. One of the three patients who died had counts
      repeatedly below 1.0 CFU/ml while she was clinically stable and higher counts
      when her condition deteriorated. Two patients died despite decreasing colony
      counts. One was improving and died unexpectedly of an unrelated cause; the other
      died of candidiasis, but declining serial arabinitol/creatinine ratios suggested
      a partial response to therapy. In addition, septicemia related to infected
      intravenous catheters was documented by demonstrating large differences in colony
      counts determined simultaneously from two different sites in two patients and by
      demonstrating a precipitous drop in CFU per milliliter after removal of the
      infected catheter in one patient. Routine availability of colony counts appears
      to be an important advantage of the lysis-centrifugation method.

PMID- 6381521
TI  - Comparative evaluation of commercial fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorbed
      test kits.
AB  - We describe a comparative evaluation of commercial fluorescent treponemal
      antibody-absorbed test kits, using 150 selected patient sera. The ability of the
      test kits to detect reactive sera varied from 82.5 to 95%; that for nonreactive
      sera varied from 80.9 to 96.4%. Reproducibility of reactive and nonreactive
      results, measured by between-assay and within-assay studies, averaged 42%. The
      results showed substantial variation in performance characteristics among the
      kits, with important clinical implications for the diagnosis of syphilis. We
      recommend the development of an immunological standard for use in the manufacture
      of fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorbed test kits, with the goal of obtaining
      uniform performance characteristics among commercial test kits.

PMID- 6381522
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin.
AB  - The sensitivity of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect pure
      native Escherichia coli heat-stable toxin (ST) and to identify ST-producing
      strains among clinical isolates was determined. Two synthetically produced ST
      preparations were used to raise hyperimmune antisera in rabbits and goats: ST(S),
      which has the same antigenicity as native ST; and ST(C), which is 15-fold more
      immunogenic. These antisera were used in the double-sandwich technique as either
      crude double-species antisera or pure single-species antibody. The sensitivity of
      the assay was increased by using either a purer antibody preparation or the
      antiserum to the more potent immunogen; the assay in which pure antibody to ST(C)
      was used was 2,857-fold more sensitive in detecting ST than the assay in which
      crude antiserum to ST(S) was used. The minimum amount of ST detectable by the
      ST(C) ELISA was 140 pg/ml, which was an amount 285-fold smaller than that
      detectable by the suckling mouse assay. Among 50 human E. coli isolates examined
      by both the ST(C) ELISA and an ELISA for heat-labile toxin (LT), which had a
      sensitivity of 290 pg/ml for LT, the respective toxins were consistently
      identified in broth cultures of 10 LT+ and ST-, 15 LT+ and ST+, and 10 LT- and
      ST+ strains, and there were no false-positive responses. The ST(C) ELISA also
      detected ST in all of seven ST - producing E. coli strains tested of human
      origin, which had been shown elsewhere by DNA hybridization probes to have ST
      coding genes of either human or porcine origin, and in all of three ST-producing
      E. coi strains tested of porcine origin. These results indicate that the
      sensitivity of the ST(C) ELISA is the same as that of previously described LT
      ELISAs. The concomitant use of both ST and LT ELISAs provides a rapid, simple,
      and sensitive method for identifying among clinical isolates enterotoxigenic
      strains of E. coli which produce either toxin.

PMID- 6381525
TI  - Evaluation of the hemagglutination treponemal test for syphilis.
AB  - The sensitivity and specificity of the hemagglutination treponemal test for
      syphilis (HATTS) was compared with the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption
      test (FTA-ABS) with 491 sera. Medical histories were obtained for 153 patients
      with seroreactivity in either treponemal test. Overall correlation with patient
      history was 96.7% for the FTA-ABS and 93.9% for the HATTS. False-negative HATTS
      occurred in primary, late-latent (greater than 2 years), and treated syphilis.
      The reproducibility of the HATTS and FTA-ABS is equivalent. HATTS is an
      acceptable treponemal confirmatory test for syphilis, but the FTA-ABS should be
      used to resolve diagnostic discrepancies.

PMID- 6381524
TI  - Rapid, inexpensive method for specific detection of microbial beta-lactamases by
      detection of fluorescent end products.
AB  - A rapid method was developed for specific detection of microbial beta-lactamases
      which uses ampicillin and cephalexin as substrates. The end products (open beta
      lactam ring forms) generated after separately incubating either substrate with
      beta-lactamase-producing organisms initially were separated from the unhydrolyzed
      substrates by high-voltage electrophoresis at pH 2.1. The end products of both
      antibiotics were highly fluorescent and could be analyzed visually and
      semiquantitatively under a long-wave UV lamp. Application of 5 microliters of the
      same incubation mixture onto filter paper without subsequent electrophoretic
      separation also resulted in development of fluorescence after brief heating at
      120 degrees C for 5 min. This spot test differentiates penicillinase activity
      from cephalosporinase activity and distinguishes between beta-lactamase and
      acylase activities, since the end products of acylase [the common side chain, D(
      )-alpha-aminophenylacetic acid, and the intact beta-lactam nuclei, 6
      aminopenicillanic acid and 7-aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic acid] are not
      fluorescent. This method was relatively rapid, inexpensive, and more sensitive
      than the chromogenic cephalosporin (nitrocefin) method when 21 strains of 7 gram
      positive species and 77 strains of 29 gram-negative species of bacteria were
      tested.

PMID- 6381523
TI  - Comparison of serum mannan, arabinitol, and mannose in experimental disseminated
      candidiasis.
AB  - Concentrations of arabinitol, mannose, and mannan in serum have independently
      been reported to be elevated in patients with invasive candidiasis. These three
      marker substances were compared in a rabbit model. Twelve rabbits,
      immunosuppressed with cortisone, were infected intravenously with Candida
      albicans 3181A. Six uninfected control animals also received cortisone, and four
      rabbits were neither infected nor immunosuppressed. Blood samples, drawn from 2
      days before to 14 days after infection, were assayed for serum mannan by sandwich
      enzyme immunoassay, antibodies to mannan by indirect enzyme immunoassay,
      arabinitol and mannose by gas-liquid chromatography, and serum creatinine. Serum
      mannan, negative before infection, peaked in all infected animals 4 days after
      infection (mean, 18 ng/ml) and decreased thereafter. Significant increases (2
      standard deviations greater than mean in normals) in arabinitol, the
      arabinitol/creatinine ratio, and mannose were found in 12, 8, and 12 of the
      infected rabbits, respectively, but also in all 6 uninfected animals receiving
      cortisone. Only serum mannan was specific in this immunosuppressed rabbit model.

PMID- 6381526
TI  - Collaborative evaluation of the Abbott yeast identification system.
AB  - The Abbott yeast identification system (Abbott Laboratories, Diagnostics
      Division, Irving, Tex.) is a 24-h, instrumental method for identifying medically
      important yeasts, based on matrix analysis of 19 biochemical reactions and the
      germ tube test. The system was evaluated in two clinical laboratories by using
      179 coded isolates, which included a high percentage of the less frequently
      encountered species. Based upon results with these coded isolates and from
      previously obtained laboratory data, the system software was adjusted and
      accuracy of the yeast identification system was further evaluated with 378
      isolates from clinical sources. Of the 378 clinical yeast isolates tested, 364
      (96%) were correctly identified with the Abbott system. Isolates were
      deliberately selected so that germ tube-positive isolates made up less than 10%
      of the clinical isolates tested.

PMID- 6381527
TI  - Comparison of various methods for differentiation of staphylococci and
      micrococci.
AB  - A modified oxidase test (Remel, Lenexa, Kans.) and susceptibility to furazolidone
      and lysostaphin (Remel) were evaluated in conjunction with the Staph-Ident strip
      (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.) to accurately differentiate between
      staphylococci and micrococci. A total of 414 clinical isolates of catalase
      positive, gram-positive cocci were each tested with the Staph-Ident strip and by
      glucose fermentation, acid production from glycerol, susceptibility to
      furazolidone and lysostaphin, and the oxidase test. Based on the reference
      methods of glucose fermentation and acid production from glycerol, 396 (95.6%) of
      the organisms were classified as Staphylococcus species and 18 (4.4%) were
      classified as Micrococcus species. Of the staphylococci, 99% were oxidase
      negative and susceptible to furazolidone; 82% were susceptible to lysostaphin.
      All of the micrococci were oxidase-positive and resistant to furazolidone and
      lysostaphin. Of the staphylococci, 99% were identified to species by the Staph
      Ident strip. However, six (33%) of the micrococci were incorrectly identified as
      Staphylococcus species (three each of Staphylococcus hominis and Staphylococcus
      saprophyticus). Because of the demonstrated sensitivity and specificity of the
      oxidase and furazolidone susceptibility tests, it is suggested that either of
      these methods be used in the clinical laboratory to accurately differentiate
      between staphylococci and micrococci. It is also suggested that when working with
      the Staph-Ident strip, additional testing such as furazolidone susceptibility or
      oxidase activity should be performed to provide increased accuracy in the
      differentiation and characterization of members of the family Micrococcaceae.

PMID- 6381529
TI  - Prediction of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim synergistic action against members of
      the family Enterobacteriaceae with a two-plate agar dilution breakpoint MIC
      system.
AB  - Synergy between sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) and trimethoprim (TMP) was predicted by a
      two-plate agar dilution breakpoint MIC system. Comparison of the results of this
      new system with those of the disk diffusion system (P.M. Waterworth, Postgrad.
      Med. J. Suppl. 45:21-27, 1969) after tests with 1,518 Enterobacteriaceae isolates
      showed an overall correlation of 99.8%, a sensitivity of 99.7%, and a specificity
      of 100%. The method involves spot inoculation of 10(3) organisms onto each of two
      plates, one containing 160 micrograms of SMZ per ml and the other 8 micrograms of
      TMP per ml (in Oxoid IsoSensitest medium with 3% agar supplemented with 7%
      saponin-lysed horse blood), and then incubation overnight at 37 degrees C in air.
      All but three organisms for which SMZ-TMP was found to be synergistic by disk
      testing were inhibited on both plates. Three isolates of Proteus mirabilis, which
      failed to correlate with disk testing by this new system, all showed SMZ MICs of
      1,000 micrograms/ml. The SMZ-TMP combination was falsely predicted to be
      nonsynergistic against these three organisms. There were no false synergy
      predictions by the breakpoint MIC system. Laboratories should report
      susceptibility to the SMZ-TMP combination only when there is synergy between the
      constituents. This simple, reliable agar dilution technique enables laboratories
      to accurately report synergy between SMZ and TMP.

PMID- 6381528
TI  - Production of bacteriocin-like inhibitors by group A streptococci of
      nephritogenic M types.
AB  - Application of a bacteriocin-typing scheme that had been designed to minimize the
      inhibitory effects of hydrogen peroxide and acidic metabolites demonstrated a
      high incidence (72%) of bacteriocin-like inhibitors belonging to 5 different
      production (P) types in 61 strains of group A streptococci isolated in
      association with the development of acute glomerulonephritis. By contrast, only 4
      of 16 (25%) rheumatic fever-associated strains were inhibitor positive, and 3 of
      these strains were P type 604, a P type not detected in any of the nephritis
      isolates. The P type designation was found to be identical for all inhibitor
      positive strains within each particular M serotype, regardless of whether the
      source was a nephritis patient or an individual having an uncomplicated
      streptococcal infection. The incidence of inhibitor-positive strains was
      particularly high in strains of M types 2, 4, 12, 25, 57, and 60; it was
      moderately high in M types 49, 52, and 55 and absent in M1 and M3. Although the
      results indicate that the bacteriocin-like inhibitors detected in this study are
      probably unlikely to have a direct pathogenetic role in either rheumatic fever or
      acute glomerulonephritis, it does seem that the present P-typing scheme is a
      useful epidemiological tool, particularly for the presumptive identification of
      and differentiation among group A streptococcus strains of nephritogenic
      serotypes.

PMID- 6381530
TI  - New principle for the simultaneous detection of total and immunoglobulin M
      antibodies applied to the measurement of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen.
AB  - A new test principle for the simultaneous detection of total approximate titers
      and immunoglobulin M antibodies has been developed and applied to the detection
      of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. The method is based on the combination
      of a competition radioimmunoassay, for the determination of total antibody titer,
      with an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of
      single class antibodies. The interference of the rheumatoid factor was avoided by
      including heat-aggregated immunoglobulin G in the dilution buffer. The
      specificity, sensitivity, and clinical application of the test are discussed. The
      results presented suggest that the simultaneous detection of total and
      immunoglobulin M antibody to hepatitis B core antigen might be helpful in the
      differentiation between previous and recent or ongoing hepatitis B infection, as
      well as in the differential diagnosis of acute hepatitis, in monitoring viral
      activity in chronic infections, and in helping to differentiate acute from
      chronic infections. The test principle appears applicable in the accurate
      diagnosis of other infectious diseases by a single test on only one serum sample.

PMID- 6381531
TI  - Evaluation of the 24-h API 20A anaerobe system for identification of Clostridium
      difficile.
AB  - Accurate identification of Clostridium difficile is important when antibiotic
      associated diarrhea or pseudomembranous colitis is suspected. Presumptive
      identification of C. difficile was made on the basis of microscopic features and
      colony characteristics on cycloserine, cefoxitin, fructose, and egg yolk agar
      medium. We studied the reliability of the 24-h API 20A anaerobe system for
      definitive identification of C. difficile. This system showed low dependability
      after the recommended 24 h of incubation by confirming the identity of only 54%
      of the isolates presumptively identified as C. difficile. There was a marked
      improvement in the system's capability after 48 h of incubation, when the
      identity of 95% of the isolates was confirmed.

PMID- 6381533
TI  - The acrylic-splint Herbst. Problem solving.

PMID- 6381534
TI  - Interspinous process segmental spinal instrumentation.
AB  - A method for interspinous segmental spinal instrumentation (ISSI) is described
      and the laboratory testing and early clinical results are reported. The method
      utilizes a button-wire implant that is passed through the thickest and strongest
      part of the base of the spinous process. Tension tests show the stress-relieving
      qualities of the implant improve pullout strength 47% over simple wire fixation
      of the spinous process. Tests on the scoliosis simulator show that the
      interspinous instrumented spine resists high compressive loads to failure,
      comparing favorably with other systems tested. Early clinical experience with the
      implant for a wide variety of uses has been encouraging. The authors use ISSI as
      their procedure of choice in idiopathic and congenital scoliosis.

PMID- 6381532
TI  - Problems in determining immune status in borderline specimens in an enzyme
      immunoassay for rubella immunoglobulin G antibody.
AB  - A total of 374 sera, found by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Rubazyme; Abbott
      Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill.) to have borderline rubella antibody levels,
      were tested by hemagglutination inhibition. All sera had Rubazyme indexes in the
      range of 0.500 to 1.499. Rubazyme sensitivity was 59.0%, and specificity was
      80.8%. The predictive value of Rubazyme-positive result was 91.4%, and that for a
      negative result was 36.4%. Immune and nonimmune results were significantly
      different between the two methods (P less than 0.001). The same sera were
      retested with the Rubazyme test, with an inter-run agreement of 75.3%. A
      significant difference in Rubazyme indexes between runs (P less than 0.001) was
      observed. An alternative method of testing specimens in the range close to the
      Rubazyme index cutoff value of 1.000 may be indicated.

PMID- 6381535
TI  - Transient idiopathic periosteal reaction associated with dysproteinemia.
AB  - Periosteal reaction with new bone formation in a child is a radiographic finding
      with an extensive differential diagnosis. The present case is that of a child who
      presented with a clinical syndrome of fever, bone pain in the forearm and leg,
      bony tenderness in these areas, radiographic evidence of a periosteal reaction in
      both tibiae and ulnae, and an abnormality of serum proteins. It was a self
      limited disease process requiring no specific treatment, with eventual return to
      normal of both the radiographic and serum protein abnormalities. Its relationship
      to Caffey's disease remains to be defined.

PMID- 6381536
TI  - Fibronectin deposition in delayed-type hypersensitivity. Reactions of normals and
      a patient with afibrinogenemia.
AB  - During development of delayed hypersensitivity (DH) skin reactions, fibronectin
      accumulates in two distinct sites: (a) the dermal interstitium in a pattern
      similar to fibrin and with a time course similar to that of fibrin deposition and
      mononuclear cell infiltration, and (b) blood vessel walls in a pattern suggestive
      of basement membrane staining and with a time course similar to that of
      endothelial cell proliferation. In vitro fibronectin can bind to monocytes or
      endothelial cells and simultaneously bind to fibrin or collagen matrices; by such
      interaction in vivo it may affect cell migration or proliferation. Thus,
      fibronectin deposition in DH reactions may facilitate cell-matrix interactions;
      however, the possibility exists that extravascular fibronectin accumulation may
      be only secondary to interstitial fibrin clot formation, and that blood vessel
      associated fibronectin may be only a function of adsorption onto basement
      membrane (type IV) collagen. To address these possibilities, we investigated the
      association of fibronectin with fibrin, type IV collagen, and mononuclear cell
      infiltrates in DH reactions. Skin sites of DH reactions in normal volunteers were
      biopsied at 24, 48, and 72 h after intradermal challenge and examined by
      immunofluorescence technique. At all time points most of the interstitial
      fibronectin coincided with fibrin; however, some interstitial fibronectin was
      coincident with mononuclear cells positive for HLA-DR or monocyte-specific
      antigen. The coincidence of fibronectin with mononuclear cells was more apparent
      in a 48-h DH reaction from a patient with congenital afibrinogenemia. Vessel wall
      fibronectin was increased by 48 h after challenge and appeared as a fine linear
      band on the luminal side of a much thicker band of type IV collagen. Thus, the
      coincidence of extravascular fibronectin with mononuclear cells, its appearance
      without fibrin in the site from a patient with afibrinogenemia, and incomplete
      correspondence of vessel wall fibronectin with type IV collagen suggest that
      fibronectin localization in DH reactions involves endothelial cell and
      mononuclear cell binding as well as adsorption to fibrin and/or type IV collagen.

PMID- 6381537
TI  - Regulation by insulin of myocardial glucose and fatty acid metabolism in the
      conscious dog.
AB  - In vivo small doses of insulin inhibit lipolysis, lower plasma FFA, and stimulate
      glucose disposal. Lowering of plasma FFA, either in the absence of a change in
      insulin or during combined hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, promotes glucose
      uptake by heart muscle in vivo. In the isolated perfused heart, large doses of
      insulin directly stimulate heart glucose uptake. To assess the effect of
      physiological elevations of plasma insulin upon myocardial glucose and FFA uptake
      in vivo independent of changes in plasma substrate concentration, we measured
      arterial and coronary sinus concentrations of glucose, lactate, and FFA, and
      coronary blood flow in conscious dogs during a 30 min basal and a 2 h
      experimental period employing three protocols: (a) euglycemic hyperinsulinemia
      (insulin clamp, n = 5), (b) euglycemic hyperinsulinemia with FFA replacement (n =
      5), (c) hyperglycemic euinsulinemia (hyperglycemic clamp with somatostatin, n =
      5). In group 1, hyperinsulinemia (insulin = 73 +/- 13 microU/ml) stimulated heart
      glucose uptake (7.3 +/- 4.4 vs. 28.2 +/- 2.8 mumol/min, P less than 0.002),
      lowered plasma FFA levels by 80% (P less than 0.05), and decreased heart FFA
      uptake (28.4 +/- 4 vs. 1.5 +/- 0.9, P less than 0.01). When the fall in plasma
      FFA was prevented by FFA infusion (group 2), hyperinsulinemia (86 +/- 10
      microU/ml) provoked a lesser (P less than 0.05) stimulation of glucose uptake
      (delta = 8.2 +/- 4.2 mumol/min) than in group 1, and there was no significant
      change in FFA uptake (25.3 +/- 16 vs. 16.5 +/- 4). Hyperglycemia (plasma glucose
      = 186 +/- 8 mg/100 ml) during somatostatin infusion resulted in only a small rise
      in plasma insulin (delta = 12 +/- 7 microU/ml), and although plasma FFA tended to
      decline, heart glucose uptake did not rise significantly (delta = 5.5 +/- 3.2
      mumol/min, P = NS). There was no significant change in coronary blood flow during
      any of the three study protocols. We conclude that, in the dog, insulin at
      physiologic concentrations: (a) stimulates heart glucose uptake, both directly
      and by suppressing the plasma FFA concentration, and (b) does not alter coronary
      blood flow. Hyperglycemia per se has little effect on heart glucose uptake.

PMID- 6381538
TI  - Clinical investigation and the clinical investigator: the past, present, and
      future.

PMID- 6381539
TI  - New monoclonal antibodies directed against human renin. Powerful tools for the
      investigation of the renin system.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies directed against human renin were obtained by the fusing of
      myeloma cells with spleen cells from Balb/c or high-responder Biozzi mice
      injected with pure tumoral or highly purified renal renin. These procedures
      resulted in the production of seven stable monoclonal antibodies to human renin.
      Antibodies in the hybridoma culture medium were screened by binding to pure
      iodinated renin or insolubilized renin in a solid phase assay. The concentration
      of purified antibodies that provided a 50% binding to iodinated renin varied from
      1 X 10(-10) to 1 X 10(-7) M. Two monoclonal antibodies were found to be potent
      inhibitors of renin enzymatic activity in vitro, behaving as noncompetitive
      inhibitors (Ki, 1 to 4 X 10(-10) M). They were specific for primate renin. Three
      monoclonal antibodies provided suitable immunoadsorbants for renin purification.
      One of these immunoadsorbants was used for large-scale purification of the renal
      enzyme, resulting in an 825-fold renin enrichment in a single step. Two
      antibodies were able to distinguish between active and inactive renin and enabled
      concomitant separation and purification of the two enzyme forms in various
      biological fluids. Monoclonal antibodies also stained human and monkey renal
      renin when indirect immunofluorescence and peroxidase-antiperoxidase techniques
      were used. A highly sensitive radioimmunometric assay of renin was constructed
      with two monoclonal antibodies. The sensitivity of this improved assay should
      permit the detection of renin in normal human plasma. Monoclonal antibodies have
      been shown to be superior to polyclonal antibodies in the following areas: the
      separation of active from inactive renin, the purification of renin from
      biological fluids, and the setting up of a direct assay of plasma renin.

PMID- 6381542
TI  - The treatment of temporomandibular joint syndrome through control of anxiety.
AB  - Following a negative experience with general anesthesia, a 20-yr-old woman
      developed anxiety and an inability to relax concomitant with temporomandibular
      joint dysfunction and pain syndrome. Systematic countering of anxiety by
      relaxation successfully removed her anxiety and led to a complete resolution of
      her symptoms. Follow-up at 16 months indicated maintenance of treatment gains and
      no recurrence of the symptoms during the previous 12 months.

PMID- 6381541
TI  - Abnormal meal carbohydrate disposition in insulin-dependent diabetes. Relative
      contributions of endogenous glucose production and initial splanchnic uptake and
      effect of intensive insulin therapy.
AB  - Postprandial hyperglycemia in insulin-deficient, insulin-dependent diabetic
      subjects may result from impaired suppression of endogenous glucose production
      and/or abnormal disposition of meal-derived glucose. To investigate the relative
      contributions of these processes and to determine whether 2 wk of near
      normoglycemia achieved by using intensive insulin therapy could restore the
      pattern of glucose disposal to normal, meal-related and endogenous rates of
      glucose appearance were measured isotopically after ingestion of a mixed meal
      that contained deuterated glucose in seven lean insulin-dependent and five lean
      nondiabetic subjects. Diabetic subjects were studied once when insulin deficient
      and again during intensive insulin therapy after 2 wk of near normoglycemia.
      Total glucose production was determined by using tritiated glucose and the
      contribution of meal-related glucose was determined by using the plasma
      enrichment of deuterated glucose. The elevated basal and peak postprandial plasma
      glucose concentrations (252 +/- 33 and 452 +/- 31 mg/dl) of diabetic subjects
      when insulin deficient were decreased by intensive insulin therapy to values (82
      +/- 6 and 193 +/- 10 mg/dl, P less than 0.01) that approximated those of
      nondiabetic subjects (93 +/- 3 and 140 +/- 15 mg/dl, respectively). Total and
      endogenous rates of glucose appearance (3,091 +/- 523 and 1,814 +/- 474 mg/kg per
      8 h) in the diabetic subjects were significantly (P less than 0.02) greater than
      those in non-diabetic subjects (1,718 +/- 34 and 620 +/- 98 mg/kg per 8 h,
      respectively), whereas meal-derived rates of glucose appearance did not differ.
      Intensive insulin therapy decreased (P less than 0.01) both total (1,581 +/- 98
      mg/kg per 8 h) and endogenous (478 +/- 67 mg/kg per 8 h) glucose appearance to
      rates that approximated those observed in the nondiabetic subjects, but did not
      alter meal-related glucose appearance. Thus, excessive entry of glucose into the
      peripheral circulation in insulin-deficient diabetic patients after ingestion of
      a mixed meal resulted from a lack of appropriate suppression of endogenous
      glucose production rather than impairment of initial splanchnic glucose uptake.
      Intensive insulin therapy restored postprandial suppression of endogenous glucose
      production to rates observed in nondiabetic subjects.

PMID- 6381543
TI  - A comparison of relaxation training and competing response training to eliminate
      hair pulling and nail biting.
AB  - A 17-year-old female with a 14-year history of hair pulling and nail biting was
      treated with relaxation training and competing response training. While
      introduction of relaxation training produced an initial decline in hair pulling,
      there was a gradual recovery of the maladaptive behavior to baseline levels. The
      competing response procedure consisted of clenching fists for 3 min whenever hair
      pulling or nail biting occurred or were likely to occur. By the use of the
      competing response hair pulling and nail biting decreased, eventually to zero.
      Follow-up over a 2-year period revealed that the treatment effects were
      maintained.

PMID- 6381540
TI  - High concentrations of antibodies to xanthine oxidase in human and animal sera.
      Molecular characterization.
AB  - The widespread occurrence of antibodies (IgG) specific to xanthine oxidase in
      both normal (nonimmune) human and animal sera, and in antisera raised against a
      diversity of unrelated antigens is described. A study of sera from 81 humans
      revealed that xanthine oxidase-specific IgG represents a high proportion (1-8%)
      of total IgG. No obvious correlation to pathological events or symptoms of
      disease could be found. These xanthine oxidase-specific antibodies could be
      isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography on purified human or bovine xanthine
      oxidase and showed specific binding to the enzyme polypeptide of Mr 155,000 in
      immunoblotting experiments. By immunofluorescence microscopy they displayed the
      same cell type-specific reaction as experimentally induced antibodies, i.e., the
      staining of lactating mammary gland epithelium and capillary endothelium. The
      naturally occurring xanthine oxidase-specific antibodies consisted of polyclonal
      IgG of various subclasses. F(ab')2 preparations gave immune-reactions identical
      to those of IgG. The human xanthine oxidase-specific IgG cross-reacted with the
      bovine enzyme and both human and animal antibodies partially inhibited its
      activity. The xanthine oxidase activity of human milk lipid globules and
      supernatant fractions from various human tissues was extremely low when compared
      with that of the bovine antigen. The enzyme protein, however, was effectively
      precipitated from these sources by both the human and bovine antibodies. We
      suggest that the exceptionally high concentrations of antibodies against one
      protein, xanthine oxidase, are due to self-immunization to the xanthine oxidase
      antigen present in endothelial cells of capillaries. We do not exclude, however,
      nutritional contributions of bovine milk antigen to the appearance of xanthine
      oxidase antibodies in human sera. The possible biological functions of this
      immunological reaction are discussed.

PMID- 6381545
TI  - An investigation of beta enolase as a histological marker of rhabdomyosarcoma.
AB  - Sections from 21 tumours diagnosed as primary or metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma were
      stained for alpha and beta enolase. The cases were subdivided into embryonal and
      alveolar subtypes (38% and 62%, respectively). Positive cytoplasmic staining for
      alpha enolase was seen in all but one case, and cytoplasmic staining for beta
      enolase was seen in some cells in 18 of the 21 cases (86% of the total, 88% of
      the alveolar subgroup, and 85% of the embryonal subgroup). No cells stained
      positively for beta enolase in the control series of neuroblastomas,
      fibrosarcomas, Wilms' sarcomas, and an osteosarcoma. The results show that beta
      enolase is a sensitive marker of muscular differentiation in rhabdomyosarcoma.

PMID- 6381544
TI  - Glycosylated haemoglobin: measurement and clinical use.
AB  - The discovery, biochemistry, laboratory determination, and clinical application
      of glycosylated haemoglobins are reviewed. Sources of error are discussed in
      detail. No single assay method is suitable for all purposes, and in the
      foreseeable future generally acceptable standards and reference ranges are
      unlikely to be agreed. Each laboratory must establish its own. Nevertheless, the
      development of glycosylated haemoglobin assays is an important advance. They
      offer the best available means of assessing diabetic control.

PMID- 6381546
TI  - Nature of non-B, non-T lymphomas: an immunohistological study on frozen tissues
      using monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - In a previous study employing conventional immunological marker analysis we found
      that 17% of high grade malignant lymphomas were devoid of cytoplasmic and
      membrane immunoglobulin and also sheep erythrocyte receptors. Cryostat sections
      from 24 of these cases (four of low grade and 20 of high grade malignancy) were
      stained with a panel of 30 monoclonal antibodies and six polyclonal antisera
      using a sensitive immunoperoxidase method. All tumours expressed the leucocyte
      common antigen (detected by monoclonal antibody 2D1) and all lacked epithelial
      cytokeratin (monoclonal antibody LE61), confirming their haematopoietic origin.
      All but one of the lymphomas expressed antigens characteristic of either B cells
      (17 cases) or T cells (six cases), while one case (morphologically a
      centroblastic lymphoma) had an unusual dual phenotype in which strong staining
      for T6 (marker of immature T cells) was associated with expression of the pan B
      lymphocyte antigens detectable with To15, anti-B1, anti-Leu12. This case was
      therefore classified as a B cell lymphoma showing aberrant expression of the T6
      antigen. The pan B cell antibodies (To15, anti-B1, anti-Leu12) all appeared
      highly specific and sensitive, but the simultaneous use of all three monoclonal
      antibodies was necessary to detect the B cell nature in each of the 18 lymphomas.
      A wider panel of monoclonal antibodies was required to detect T lymphomas since
      these often disclosed atypical and restricted phenotypes. To15 and UCHT1 were the
      most reliable antibodies for the detection of B and T cell neoplasms,
      respectively. We conclude that most, if not all, "non-B, non-T" lymphomas are of
      either B or T lymphocyte origin and that monoclonal antibodies provide
      indispensable tools in their classification and diagnosis.

PMID- 6381548
TI  - Advantages of fixed stored materials for immunoelectron microscopy, with special
      reference to the study of malignant lymphomas.

PMID- 6381547
TI  - Morphological and immunohistological changes in the skin in allogeneic bone
      marrow recipients.
AB  - Skin biopsies from leukaemic patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow
      transplantations and treated prophylactically with cyclosporin A were analysed
      using histological, morphometric, and immunohistological techniques. Samples from
      donors were used to establish normal values. Biopsies taken from recipients two
      days before grafting were all histologically normal, but on immunohistological
      staining half of them showed a reduction in the number of epidermal Langerhans'
      cells and 29% a reduction in T inducer lymphocytes. Thirty two biopsies were
      taken from patients with rashes at various times after transplantation: 14 showed
      lichenoid changes consistent with graft versus host disease, three eczematous
      tissue reactions, two vesicular lesions, and 12 no histological abnormality. One
      sample showed changes intermediate between the lichenoid and eczematous forms.
      The numbers of epidermal Langerhans' cells were low during the first few weeks
      after transplantation and were normal or raised later regardless of histological
      appearances. Unlike epidermal Langerhans' cells, significant reductions in the
      numbers of lymphocytes were not seen. Lesions of all histological types contained
      mixtures of T inducer and T suppressor/cytotoxic cells, although the eczematous
      and vesicular lesions contained higher proportions of T inducer cells. Epidermal
      infiltrates invariably contained T suppressor/cytotoxic cells but infiltration of
      epidermis by T inducer cells occurred only in the presence of normal numbers of
      epidermal Langerhans' cells. Natural killer cells were not identified. The
      immunological appearances of the various histological subgroups thus change with
      time after transplantation.

PMID- 6381549
TI  - Improved blood free selective medium for the isolation of campylobacter jejuni
      from faecal specimens.

PMID- 6381550
TI  - Detection of campylobacter by immunofluorescence in stools and rectal biopsies of
      patients with diarrhoea.
AB  - Rabbit antiserum, elicited by the intravenous injection of a strain of
      Campylobacter jejuni heated to 100 degrees C, cross reacted strongly with all
      other thermophilic campylobacters tested as well as with "C pyloridis" and could
      be detected by indirect fluorescence with labelled anti-rabbit serum. Antisera to
      formalin killed cells did not do so. The correlation of positive stool culture
      with positive immunofluorescence of stools and rectal biopsies from patients with
      diarrhoea was 70-80%. Some inconsistent, weak reactions showing differently
      shaped organisms have been seen with some strains of Bacteroides fragilis.
      Wolinella spp reacted weakly, but one strain of Vibrio cholerae tested did not.
      Other intestinal organisms, commensals, and pathogens tested were negative.

PMID- 6381551
TI  - Value of serum C-reactive protein measurement in the management of bone marrow
      transplant recipients. Part I: Early transplant period.
AB  - Serum C-reactive protein concentrations were measured serially during the early
      transplant period in 68 bone marrow recipients transplanted for leukaemia (34),
      chronic granulocytic leukaemia (2), severe aplastic anaemia (6), and various
      inborn errors of metabolism (26). There were 116 clearly documented episodes of
      infection or acute graft versus host disease or both. Serum C-reactive protein
      concentrations in patients with viral (11) or fungal infection (6) were normal or
      only slightly raised. In 32 patients with isolated acute graft versus host
      disease, only three (10%) showed serum C-reactive protein concentrations above 40
      mg/l. Values greater than 40 mg/l were strongly suggestive of bacterial
      infections and values above 100 mg/l were seen only in patients (43) with
      bacterial infections with or without acute graft versus host disease. These
      findings suggest that serum C-reactive protein concentrations are valuable both
      for diagnosis and monitoring of such infections.

PMID- 6381552
TI  - Value of serum C-reactive protein measurement in the management of bone marrow
      transplant recipients. Part II: Late post-transplant period.
AB  - Seventeen bone marrow recipients transplanted for acute leukaemia (8), chronic
      leukaemia (1), severe aplastic anaemia (3), and various inborn errors of
      metabolism (5) had 22 episodes of documented infection in the late (greater than
      3 months) post-transplant period. Serum C-reactive protein concentrations were
      considerably increased in patients with bacterial infections, but not in those
      with viral or fungal infections. Serum C-reactive protein values were normal in
      20 patients transplanted for acute leukaemia (12), chronic leukaemia (1), severe
      aplastic anaemia (2), and various inborn errors of metabolism (5) who had active
      chronic graft versus host disease but no evidence of infection. These findings
      indicate that serum C-reactive protein concentrations are useful in the diagnosis
      and monitoring of bacterial infections even in the presence of chronic graft
      versus host disease.

PMID- 6381554
TI  - Improved method for sequential study of an isolated glomerulus by scanning
      electron, transmission electron, and light microscopy.

PMID- 6381553
TI  - Recurrent bacteriuria and primary biliary cirrhosis: ABO blood group, P1 blood
      group, and secretor status.
AB  - Patients with primary biliary cirrhosis have an abnormally high incidence of
      urinary tract infection (35%). Susceptibility to urinary infection and other
      infectious diseases has been linked with certain blood group antigens and
      secretor status. We have therefore studied these characteristics in patients with
      primary biliary cirrhosis. We were unable to show any abnormal distribution in
      blood groups or secretor status in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis
      (compared with a normal population) which might reflect their predisposition to
      urinary infection. The distribution of blood groups and secretor status in
      patients with primary biliary cirrhosis with a history of urinary infections was
      not significantly different from patients without such a history. Escherichia
      coli strains isolated from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis did not bind
      in any greater numbers to the uroepithelial cells of primary biliary cirrhosis
      patients than to the cells of a normal healthy control. We therefore conclude
      that blood group distribution, abnormal secretor status, and epithelial cell type
      are not important factors in the predisposition of primary biliary cirrhosis
      patients to urinary infections.

PMID- 6381556
TI  - A placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of amitriptyline in bulimia.
AB  - Bulimia is an eating disorder characterized by a pattern of episodic binge
      eating. Patients with this eating disorder frequently demonstrate depressive
      symptoms when seen for evaluation. A familial association between bulimia and
      affective disorders has also been suggested. The authors report a placebo
      controlled, double-blind trial of amitriptyline hydrochloride in a series of 32
      female outpatients who satisfied DSM-III criteria for bulimia. The results of
      this study indicated that amitriptyline hydrochloride at a dosage of 150 mg at
      bedtime had significant antidepressant activity in this group of patients.
      Patients in both the placebo and active drug group also received a minimal
      behavioral treatment program in addition to drug therapy. Both groups
      demonstrated considerable improvement in eating behavior. The magnitude of this
      improvement was dramatic and not anticipated. The drug was well tolerated and was
      not associated with weight gain or increased carbohydrate craving.

PMID- 6381557
TI  - Distribution and projections of cholecystokinin-immunoreactive neurons in the
      hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of rat.
AB  - Analysis of coronal sections from colchicine-treated rat brains reveals that CCK
      immunoreactivity (CCK-ir) is present in two distinguishable neuronal systems in
      the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). More than 60% of these cells were found to be
      typical parvicellular neurons; the remainder were magnocellular neurons. The
      magnocellular CCK-ir neurons were concentrated in the medial magnocellular
      subdivision, while more caudally they formed a ring around a zone of unstained
      magnocellular neurons. Immunostained parvicellular neurons predominate in medial
      and periventricular parvicellular subdivisions. The efferent projections of CCK
      ir neurons were investigated by looking for retrograde accumulation of CCK-ir in
      cell bodies after selective knife cuts. A parasagittal cut of the lateral
      retrochiasmatic area as well as transection of the rostral median eminence
      resulted in an accumulation of CCK-ir material in a large number of both parvi-
      and magnocellular neurons. After pituitary stalk lesions, however, increased
      staining was only seen in magnocellular neurons. It is inferred that the
      magnocellular (presumed oxytocin-CCK) cells send their axons to the pituitary,
      whereas axons of CCK-ir parvicellular neurons appear to terminate in the median
      eminence. After transection of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB), immunostaining
      increased in a small number of scattered transected fibers proximal to the knife
      cut and in a few perikarya in the PVN, indicating that very few CCK cells may
      send descending fibers to the lower brainstem.

PMID- 6381555
TI  - Clinical and biological significance of aneuploidy in human tumours.
AB  - Aneuploidy is a well recognised feature of human tumours, but the investigation
      of its biological and clinical significance has been hampered by technological
      constraints. Quantitative DNA analysis reflects the total chromosomal content of
      tumour cells and can now be determined rapidly and reliably using flow cytometry;
      this has resulted in renewed interest in its potential clinical applications.
      This article reviews the accumulating evidence that tumour ploidy reflects the
      biological behaviour of a large number of tumour types and that diploid tumours
      in particular have a relatively good prognosis. The measurement of tumour ploidy
      is likely to become a valuable adjunct to the clinical and histopathological
      assessment of cancers.

PMID- 6381558
TI  - CT analysis of lung density changes in patients undergoing total body irradiation
      prior to bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - Sequential changes in lung density measured by CT are potentially sensitive and
      convenient monitors of lung abnormalities following total body irradiation (TBI).
      Methods have been developed to compare pre- and post-TBI CT of lung. The average
      local features of a cross-sectional lung slice are extracted from three
      peripheral regions of interest in the anterior, posterior, and lateral portions
      of the CT image. Also, density profiles across a specific region may be obtained.
      These may be compared first for verification of patient position and breathing
      status and then for changes between pre- and post-TBI. These may also be compared
      with radiation dose profiles through the lung. A preliminary study on 21 leukemia
      patients undergoing total body irradiation indicates the following: (a) Density
      gradients of patients' lungs in the antero-posterior direction show a marked
      heterogeneity before and after transplantation compared with normal lungs. The
      patients with departures from normal density gradients pre-TBI correlate with
      later pulmonary complications. (b) Measurements of average peripheral lung
      densities have demonstrated that the average lung density in the younger age
      group is substantially higher: pre-TBI, the average CT number (1,000 scale) is 
      638 +/- 39 Hounsfield unit (HU) for 0-10 years old and -739 +/- 53 HU for 21-40
      years old. (c) Density profiles showed no post-TBI regional changes in lung
      density corresponding to the dose profile across the lung, so no differentiation
      of a radiation-specific effect has yet been possible. Computed tomographic
      density profiles in the antero-posterior direction are successfully used to
      verify positioning of the CT slice and the breathing level of the lung.

PMID- 6381559
TI  - Bitemporal hypometabolism in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease measured by positron
      emission tomography with [18F]-2-fluorodeoxyglucose.
AB  - It is well established that Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is caused by a slow
      infectious agent similar to the scrapie prion. However, the pathogenesis of this
      infection is poorly understood. Positron emission tomography (PET) was performed
      on a 54-year-old man with autopsy confirmed CJD using [18F]-2-fluorodeoxyglucose
      (FDG) and the Donner 280-crystal tomograph. Temporal lobe hypometabolism with
      hemispheric asymmetry was observed. These findings are similar to those
      previously obtained in PET-FDG studies of patients with clinically defined
      Alzheimer disease (AD). The similarities in the regional metabolic alterations
      between CJD and AD provide additional evidence for the possibility that AD may be
      caused by a slow infectious prion.

PMID- 6381560
TI  - Comely Wenuhotep: computed tomography of an Egyptian mummy.
AB  - Computed tomography circumvents many of the problems encountered in the
      traditional radiographic investigation of mummies. This case report demonstrates
      that CT provides an improved evaluation of mummification techniques and bony
      pathology as well as a better capability of characterizing preserved soft tissue.

PMID- 6381562
TI  - Reviews of the progress of dairy science: mastitis control--progress and
      prospects.

PMID- 6381563
TI  - Biofeedback and relaxation training for chronic headache: a controlled comparison
      of booster treatments and regular contacts for long-term maintenance.

PMID- 6381561
TI  - Observations on Corynebacterium bovis infection of the bovine mammary gland. II.
      Experimental infection.
AB  - Experiments are described in which lactating cows were exposed to Corynebacterium
      bovis either by dipping the teats in a suspension of the bacteria or by
      inoculating the bacteria into the teat duct or the teat sinus. All three methods
      readily led to 'infection' being established. The effect of these infections on
      somatic cell count was minor and no clinical mastitis resulted during the course
      of the experiments although some cases occurred subsequently. There was evidence
      that 44% of these infections were confined to the teat duct. Quarters excreting
      C. bovis in milk continued to do so during endotoxin-induced inflammation and
      showed a similar cellular response to that of uninfected quarters.

PMID- 6381564
TI  - Orthodontic headgear to control hemorrhage.
AB  - Oral hemorrhage can be a serious problem for hemophiliacs. This case history
      describes the use of topical medicaments to control oral hemorrhage. Further, the
      maintenance of pressure over the bleeding site using an orthodontic variable pull
      headgear is described. In spite of the patient's age (seventeen months), the
      appliance was effective in stopping the hemorrhage and was well tolerated.

PMID- 6381565
TI  - Variations of regional lung function in acute respiratory failure and during
      anaesthesia.
AB  - Acute respiratory failure and anaesthesia impede ventilation of dependent lung
      units and perfusion of non-dependent ones, creating considerable ventilation
      perfusion (V/Q) mismatch. General PEEP can improve V/Q but it cannot restore it
      to normal. To improve matching, ventilation must be distributed in proportion to
      regional blood flow. This can be accomplished by (1) placing the subject in the
      lateral position, (2) ventilating each lung in proportion to its blood flow
      (differential ventilation), and (3) applying PEEP solely to the dependent lung to
      ensure even distribution of inspired gas within that lung (selective PEEP).
      Differential ventilation with equal distribution of the tidal volume between the
      lungs and a selective PEEP of 10 cm H2O to the dependent lung resulted in equal
      distribution of perfusion between the lungs in anaesthetized healthy subjects,
      suggesting "optimum" V/Q matching. Using this ventilator setting as a rule of
      thumb in patients with acute, severe, bilateral lung disease, arterial oxygen
      tension was improved by an average of 45% compared with that during general PEEP,
      with no reduction in cardiac output. It is concluded that differential
      ventilation with selective PEEP can offer considerable improvement in gas
      exchange in acute, bilateral lung disease. However, long-term studies are
      required before a final evaluation can be made.

PMID- 6381566
TI  - Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis after near-drowning.
AB  - After near-drowning following a car accident, a 27-year-old man developed severe
      ARDS. Six days later Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated in his sputum, and
      invasive pulmonary aspergillosis developed thereafter. Aspergillus titre
      increased, and chest tomograms revealed cavities in both lungs. The treatment
      consisted essentially of Amphotericin B and 5 fluorocytosine, intravenously and
      by inhalation, intensive postural drainage and mechanical ventilation with PEEP.
      After 41 days he was cured and discharged from the ICU. Six months later he
      returned to his job and clinical examination was normal.

PMID- 6381567
TI  - References to contemporary papers on acoustics.

PMID- 6381568
TI  - The presidents. Robert Boyd Bogle 1929-1930.

PMID- 6381569
TI  - The undesirable effects of various changes of monoplane occlusion on complete
      denture retention.
AB  - The most commonly seen undesirable alterations to the occlusal plane, when using
      monoplane occlusion with nonanatomic teeth, have been outlined verbally and
      graphically. The introduction of dislodging forces to denture retention brought
      about by these variations in the monoplane have been examined, as well as methods
      for their correction. The order of presentation of undesirable alterations to the
      occlusal plane is a guide for a step-by-step correction of these changes. It
      provides the practitioner with a sequential checklist for correcting undesirable
      occlusal changes in monoplane denture occlusion with nonanatomic teeth.

PMID- 6381570
TI  - Application of a computerized medical decision-making process to the problem of
      digoxin intoxication.
AB  - A computerized medical decision-making system was used to monitor signs and
      predisposing factors of digoxin intoxication in patients receiving digoxin. This
      process automatically reviewed the patient's data base nightly for drug
      interactions, laboratory data and electrocardiographic findings with known
      association with digoxin intoxication. These decisions were formated into a
      "digoxin alert report" and sent to line printers in the nursing division to be
      placed on the individual patients' charts. To assess the effect of these reports
      on patient management, a randomized double-blind study was undertaken. Patients
      were assigned to an alert or nonalert group. Alert reports were withheld from
      charts of patients in the nonalert group. A medical record review was
      subsequently carried out, wherein the physician's orders were searched to
      identify actions taken with possible relation to the digoxin alerts. The computer
      monitored 396 patients over a 3 month period. Of these, 211 (53%) were randomized
      to the alert group and 185 (47%) to the nonalert group. Seventy-two percent of
      patients received at least one alert. The most frequently occurring alerts
      included: hypoxemia, hypokalemia, concurrent use of a beta-adrenergic blocking
      agent, renal insufficiency and ventricular arrhythmia. Results from the record
      review demonstrated a 22% increase in physician actions for the alert group.
      Specifically, patients in the alert group were 2.7 times more likely to have a
      serum digoxin determination ordered and 2.8 times more likely to have digoxin
      withheld on the day of a digoxin alert than were patients in the nonalert group.

PMID- 6381571
TI  - Historical perspectives: food, feeding, and fancies.
AB  - An historical overview of feeding habits is presented. Effects of food and
      feeding on human activity through the ages, changes in dietary habits and its
      effect on health, and beliefs and decisions about eating are reviewed. Lessons to
      be learned are offered from this historical perspective.

PMID- 6381572
TI  - Changing patterns of disease: some nutritional remarks.
AB  - In the last century the way of life and the way of death have changed in the
      United States. Infectious diseases have been replaced by diseases of apparently
      complex origin. Inborn errors of metabolism are more common than the classical
      deficiency diseases. The discovery of vitamins and the essentiality of trace
      elements occurred in the 20th century. Plenty of characteristics have been
      identified to assess vitamin nutriture; methods of assessing trace element
      nutriture are less well developed. Newly discovered aspects of copper physiology
      are potentially useful in establishing requirements.

PMID- 6381573
TI  - Laissez-faire in research.
AB  - These were informal remarks in an after-dinner speech about nutritional and
      pediatric research as it was initiated 50 years ago when the Cincinnati
      Children's Hospital Research Foundation was opened. Although from the beginning
      there were "divisions" in the institute, the success of the organization was due
      to cooperation rather than division and to the freedom of the investigators to
      alter their directions according to their change of interests and to changes of
      needs and opportunities. A plea is made to let capable investigators choose their
      topics and their methods of research; they are most likely to have success when
      they are left alone and free of outside pressures.

PMID- 6381574
TI  - Leukotriene C synthetase, a special glutathione S-transferase: properties of the
      enzyme and inhibitor studies with special reference to the mode of action of U
      60,257, a selective inhibitor of leukotriene synthesis.
AB  - The cytosolic glutathione S-transferases of rat liver have been fractionated by
      chromatofocusing into 10 distinct fractions based on their reactivity with 2,4
      dinitrochlorobenzene. All these fractions were capable of generating leukotriene
      C4 (LTC4) from leukotriene A4 (LTA4) to some extent. An inhibitor of leukotriene
      synthesis, U-60,257, inhibited the activity of these enzymes. The cytosolic
      glutathione S-transferases of rat basophil leukemia (RBL) cells have been
      similarly fractionated. U-60,257 inhibited the activity of some of these
      fractions but not that of others. None of the fractions of the enzyme from RBL
      cells formed LTC4 from LTA4. The microsomal glutathione S-transferase from rat
      liver also produced LTC4 from LTA4. It differs from the microsomal LTC synthetase
      of RBL cells in at least two respects: (1) The enzyme from RBL cells did not
      react with chromophoric substrates like dinitrochlorobenzene while the enzyme
      from liver did react. (2) Triton X-100 potentiated the activity of the enzyme
      from basophil leukemia cells and solubilized it, while it inhibited the activity
      of the leukotriene-synthesizing enzyme in the rat liver preparation. These
      results, along with a distinctly different inhibitor profile, indicate that LTC
      synthetase is a new and distinct glutathione S-transferase.

PMID- 6381575
TI  - The involvement of brain serotonin in excessive carbohydrate snacking by obese
      carbohydrate cravers.
AB  - A specific hunger for carbohydrate-rich foods has been observed in animals and
      human beings and appears to be regulated by the brain neurotransmitter serotonin.
      Consumption of a carbohydrate-rich meal increases the synthesis and release of
      brain serotonin (by enhancing the brain uptake of its precursor, tryptophan). As
      a consequence of this increased release of serotonin, carbohydrate intake is
      decreased at the next meal. Consumption of protein does not increase brain
      serotonin levels or decrease carbohydrate intake. A subgroup of obese individuals
      who consume carbohydrate-rich snack foods at specific times of day or evening has
      been identified. Such individuals do not routinely snack on protein-rich foods,
      and their consumption of calories and nutrients at meals is not excessive.
      Evidence is presented that carbohydrate snacking seems to be related to a "need"
      to increase the level of brain serotonin; treatment with a drug, d-1
      fenfluramine, that increases serotoninergic neurotransmission significantly
      decreases carbohydrate snack consumption. Weight loss among the population of
      carbohydrate cravers might be most successful if treatment includes either a diet
      or drugs that increase brain serotonin activity when the need to snack on
      carbohydrate is most likely to occur.

PMID- 6381576
TI  - Bacterial pneumonia in the elderly: the observations of Sir William Osler in
      retrospect.

PMID- 6381577
TI  - A history of urinary incontinence: or, 400 years of incontinence--are we any
      drier?

PMID- 6381578
TI  - Effect of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) on diabetic patients with peripheral
      neuropathy.

PMID- 6381579
TI  - [Effects of cyaninoside chloride and Heleniene on mesopic and scotopic vision in
      myopia and night blindness].
AB  - A controlled, clinical trial, comparing cyaninoside chloride and Heleniene , was
      conducted on 31 out-patients suffering from functional disturbances of vision in
      low-luminance conditions. The evolution of photopic and mesopic visual acuities,
      electro- oculograms and adapto -electroretinograms was assessed for both
      treatment groups and controls. Both agents significantly improved photopic visual
      acuity (p less than 0.05). Only cyaninoside chloride treatment improved visual
      functions related to mesopic and scotopic vision (p less than 0.01). There were
      also significant differences between the two treatment groups regarding the
      velocity of visual adaptation in adapto -electroretinography. This study thus
      demonstrates the therapeutic value of cyaninoside chloride for the treatment of
      functional disturbances of mesopic and scotopic vision, especially in night
      blindness and myopia.

PMID- 6381580
TI  - [Needles used in ocular microsurgery: comparative study using scanning electron
      microscopy].
AB  - The use of microsurgical sutures of various types reveals noticeable differences
      in the ease of penetration of needles into ocular tissues. In order to try to
      specify these variations, we have examined different needles used in
      ophthalmology with a scanning electron microscope: CU 1, CU 5 ( Alcon ), LE 1
      (Davis Geck), GS 9, GS 17 (Ethicon), SSC Dm 122 (T ubinger material). The
      examination was performed on new, unused needles and after having been passed
      through a cornea five times. Studies on new needles showed certain structural
      variations. Although the tips had a more or less sharp stem, the edge varied from
      completely regular to notched. The needle surfaces varied from a very smooth
      appearance to fluted . After use, the examination reveals the presence of
      cellular debris. No irregularity was caused by contact with surgical instruments.
      Comparisons between the imprint and the electron micrographic appearance showed
      that penetration is clearly better with needles having fluted edges and surfaces.

PMID- 6381581
TI  - [Trabeculectomy in the treatment of congenital glaucoma. Apropos of 74 cases].
AB  - The authors report the results obtained in 74 cases, or 105 eyes, with congenital
      glaucoma operated on by trabeculectomy. Three different trabeculectomy procedures
      were used: closing the scleral flap with two sutures; placing a silastic passing
      in bridge under the flap; and tightly suturing the scleral flap. The last
      mentioned method gave the best results. This was related to intervention during
      the first phase of the disease and minimizing damage to the cornea. It is derived
      from this study that the mechanism of action of a trabeculectomy is more an
      "opening" of the paths of physiological drainage than filtration via the sub
      conjunctival space.

PMID- 6381582
TI  - The Evans calcaneal osteotomy for correction of flexible flatfoot syndrome.
AB  - The Evans calcaneal osteotomy is used to correct the flexible flatfoot deformity.
      The procedure restores functional integrity to the medial longitudinal arch and
      reestablishes the locking mechanism of the midtarsal joint complex. A preliminary
      analysis of 36 cases (50 feet) performed at Atlanta Hospital and Medical Center
      during the past 3 years has yielded favorable results.

PMID- 6381583
TI  - Variations of thyroid hormones during total fasting in obese and in obese
      diabetic subjects.
AB  - Fasting and hypocaloric diets are known to induce a reduction of triiodothyronine
      (T3) and to increase reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) in normal and obese subjects.
      The effect of 8-day fasting was evaluated on T3, thyroxine (T4), free T4, rT3,
      TSH, immunoreactive insulin (IRI), thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) and glycemia
      in 21 obese subjects (5 males, 16 females) grouped according to the average
      starting blood glucose concentration in: group I, diabetic obese subjects (9
      patients); group II, non diabetic obese subjects (12 patients). All patients had
      no history of recent weight loss due to dietetic therapy or drugs. Blood samples
      were drawn in the morning at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 days after total caloric deprivation
      and 2 days after refeeding. A superimposable variation of weight and glucose
      concentration were seen in both groups. In addition, no difference was observed
      in ketone body excretion, SH, TBG, T4, free T4. In group II a significant
      decrease of IRI was observed during diet (p less than 0.05); T3 decreased (p less
      than 0.01) and rT3 increased (p less than 0.01) significantly. No variations in
      T3 and rT3 values were observed in group I. These results are consistent with a
      possible role of glucose metabolism in the genesis of the low T3 syndrome.

PMID- 6381584
TI  - Histological characterization of a lingual mass using thyroglobulin
      immunoperoxidase staining.
AB  - We report a patient with a lingual mass clinically diagnosed as lingual thyroid.
      Due to marked distortion of the normal thyroidal architecture from prior 131I
      therapy, pathological examination of the mass was consistent with a mixed
      salivary gland tumor. Immunoperoxidase staining for thyroglobulin was utilized to
      correctly characterize the lingual mass as ectopic thyroid.

PMID- 6381585
TI  - The 8-hour metabolic profile after drinking ethanol.
AB  - The acute metabolic changes after drinking ethanol have been studied in 11
      fasting, healthy, nonobese, medical students, 6 of whom consumed 40 g ethanol
      diluted with 750 ml of a sugar-free soft drink over 1 h. The other 5 drank the
      same volume of soft drink alone. Blood levels of ethanol, glucose, immunoreactive
      insulin and growth hormone were measured over the ensuing 8 h, as well as the
      plasma concentrations of prolactin, cortisol and triiodothyronine. After
      ingesting ethanol, the mean plasma glucose concentration declined, but not to
      hypoglycemic levels (the nadir was 3.9 mmol/l at 6 h), insulin levels fell
      gradually and the mean growth hormone concentration showed a modest late rise.
      Other hormones did not change significantly. We conclude that, in the particular
      setting examined, the oral administration of ethanol does not cause hypoglycemia
      or other adverse effects on carbohydrate metabolism.

PMID- 6381586
TI  - A bibliography of doctoral dissertations on aging from American institutions of
      higher learning, 1981-1983.
AB  - This bibliography is the thirteenth supplement to the original work which covered
      1934-1969. The supplements include all titles of earlier years which were found
      after the original bibliography was published in the Journal of Gerontology,
      1971, 26, 391-422. Due to the nature of bibliographic control in regard to
      doctoral dissertations, each supplement will try to cover the academic year
      rather than the calendar year. This means that a dissertation issued in 1970 may
      be either in the original bibliography or in the supplements. Both online and
      manual search techniques were employed in the compilation of this supplement. The
      arrangement of the supplement is similar to the original bibliography.

PMID- 6381587
TI  - [The effect of cuspal inclination of artificial posterior teeth on masticatory
      function in complete denture wearers].

PMID- 6381588
TI  - [Evaluation of a programmed tooth cutting technic. Studies of R.P.M. and cutting
      technics using dental high speed hand pieces].

PMID- 6381589
TI  - Professor Evgenii Nikonorovich Pavlovsky--100 years since his birth.

PMID- 6381590
TI  - A molecular basis for strain specificity in S antigens of Plasmodium falciparum.

PMID- 6381591
TI  - Distinct role of neonatal and adult monocytes in the regulation of the in vitro
      antigen-induced plaque-forming cell response in man.
AB  - Mononuclear cells from human cord blood (CBMC) are able to mount an antigen
      specific IgM plaque-forming cell (PFC) response after primary in vitro
      stimulation with the T cell-dependent antigen ovalbumin (OA). The antigen dose
      response relationship for the induction of PFC in cultures of CBMC is represented
      by a bell-shaped curve comparable to that found for mononuclear cells from adult
      peripheral blood (adult PBMC). The dose of OA optimal for the induction of a
      response in cultures of CBMC consistently, however, is 100-fold lower than the
      antigen dose optimal for adult PBMC (0.03 microgram OA/ml vs 3.0 micrograms
      OA/ml). Results obtained from co-culture experiments in which semiallogeneic
      combinations of parental/neonatal lymphocytes and monocytes were stimulated with
      a variable dose of OA indicate that the adherent cell (AC) plays a pivotal role
      in the establishment of the optimum antigen dose. From experiments using antigen
      pulsed AC, it was concluded that neonatal and adult AC differ in their antigen
      handling capacity. In the presence of the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor
      indomethacin the antigen dose-response relationship for the induction of PFC in
      cultures of CBMC shifts to an "adult type" of curve. From pulsing experiments it
      emerges that indomethacin affects the interaction between antigen and monocytes.
      Indomethacin causes an enhancement of the expression of HLA-DR at the surface of
      neonatal as well as adult AC; this can be down regulated by the addition of
      prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The addition of PGE2 to cultures of adult PBMC leads to
      a shift of the optimal antigen dose for induction of PFC toward lower
      concentrations. Although higher levels of PGE2 were measured in the supernatant
      of cultured neonatal AC compared with adult AC, it seems unlikely that this
      observation can explain the distinct antigen dose-response relationship for the
      induction of a PFC response in cultures of CBMC.

PMID- 6381592
TI  - Major histocompatibility antigens are not detectable on post-meiotic human
      testicular germ cells.
AB  - Neither HLA Class I nor Class II transplantation antigens were detected on human
      testicular germ cells by immunohistologic or immunoprecipitation techniques. This
      unusual characteristic of human germ-line cells could help to explain their
      immunologically privileged status in potentially hostile autologous and
      allogeneic host environments.

PMID- 6381593
TI  - Soluble immune response suppressor (SIRS) inhibits microtubule function in vivo
      and microtubule assembly in vitro.
AB  - Soluble immune response suppressor (SIRS) is a product of concanavalin A
      stimulated murine T cells that, when activated or oxidized by macrophages or H2O2
      (SIRSox), suppresses in vitro immune responses and inhibits cell division by
      normal and neoplastic cells. SIRSox is inactivated by a variety of electron
      donors, which suggests that SIRSox may be an oxidizing agent. Incubation of
      lymphocytes with SIRSox, but not with SIRS, partially reversed concanavalin A
      mediated inhibition of capping of membrane immunoglobulin on B cells, and
      disrupted the cytoplasmic array of microtubules visualized by fluorescence
      microscopy. SIRSox also inhibited microtubule assembly in vitro in a
      concentration-dependent manner. Inactivation of SIRSox by dithiothreitol
      prevented SIRSox-mediated reversal of inhibition of capping and inhibition of
      microtubule assembly. These results reveal a pattern of SIRSox activity similar
      to sulfhydryl-dependent cytoskeletal disrupting agents (e.g., N-ethylmaleimide,
      cytochalasin A, p-benzoquinone), and suggest that SIRSox-mediated suppression of
      proliferation may involve interference with sulfhydryl-dependent cytoskeletal
      events critical for cell division.

PMID- 6381594
TI  - Purification and N-terminal amino acid sequence of the human T cell surface
      antigen T8.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies allow for the detection of structures on the cell surface
      of human cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) that are involved in their effector
      function. Among these cell surface components, T8 is of particular interest
      because it is required during the recognition of target cells by a subset of CTL.
      An understanding of its role during CTL:target adhesion requires detailed
      biochemical structural analysis of the T8 molecule. This has been hindered by the
      small amounts of protein currently available. Here we describe the development of
      a purification scheme that will permit the accumulation of larger quantities of
      T8. We studied the binding of T8 to several lectins and determined that one of
      these, wheat germ agglutinin, bound T8 quantitatively. Experiments designed to
      test the properties of T8 in a phase separation system with the use of Triton X
      114 were performed. These indicated that T8 partitions into the aqueous phase
      rather than the detergent phase during this procedure. With this in mind, we
      developed a protocol that resulted in a significant purification of T8 after
      affinity chromatography. Upon preparative SDS-PAGE followed by electroelution,
      the T8 antigen was purified to homogeneity and used for N-terminal acid acid
      sequencing. This analysis yielded the amino terminal 22 amino acids of T8. On
      purification, it was observed that the protein existed as two bands of Mr 33 and
      34 kilodaltons after SDS-PAGE analysis. The relationship between these chains was
      investigated by limited radio-sequencing and tryptic peptide map analysis; our
      results indicated that the two polypeptides were identical. The two chains were
      treated with trifluoromethane sulfonic acid to determine whether carbohydrates
      accounted for the difference in m.w. This reagent, which cleaves both N-linked
      and O-linked sugars, cleaved approximately 2000 daltons of oligosaccharides from
      the T8 molecule. These oligosaccharides are most likely of the O-linked rather
      than the N-linked variety.

PMID- 6381595
TI  - The role of I-A/E molecules in B lymphocyte activation. I. Inhibition of
      lipopolysaccharide-induced responses by monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - A panel of 22 different monoclonal antibodies, including specificities against
      various antigenic clusters of I-A and I-E molecules, were probed over a wide
      range of concentrations for their ability to inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced B
      lymphocyte proliferation and maturation to immunoglobulin-secreting plaque
      forming cells (PFC). Most antibodies were competent to inhibit up to 80 to 100%
      of the response of appropriate target cells, although having little or no effect
      on irrelevant spleen cell cultures. Mixtures of either anti-I-A or anti-I-E
      specificities were more efficient inhibitors than individual antibodies, as shown
      by the average concentrations required for 50% inhibition (30 and 300 ng/ml,
      respectively). The selective role of I-A/E molecules in B cell activation was
      demonstrated by the failure of anti-K antibodies of the same isotype, bound in
      comparable amounts to target cells, to modulate B cell responses in parallel
      cultures. Fc receptor-mediated inhibitory effects were further excluded by
      equivalent inhibition obtained with anti-I-A antibodies of the IgM class. Anti-I
      A/E antibodies appear to inhibit the inductive phase of B cell responses, as
      suggested by limiting dilution experiments performed in the presence of 50%
      inhibitory concentrations of antibodies: 50% of the control number of reactive
      clones were found to respond, but those that escaped inhibition developed to
      control sizes of progenies producing PFC.

PMID- 6381596
TI  - Polyamine oxidase-mediated trypanosome killing: the role of hydrogen peroxide and
      aldehydes.
AB  - Trypanosoma lewisi and T. musculi were lysed when incubated with bovine serum in
      the presence of either spermine or spermidine. Similar results were obtained when
      a fraction from bovine serum containing polyamine oxidase (PAO) activity or a
      commercially available purified beef plasma PAO were used in lieu of bovine
      serum. Trypanosomes treated with cytotoxic concentrations of PAO-spermine failed
      to establish infection in rats. These results are similar to those from our
      previous studies with African trypanosomes. We now extend the properties of PAO
      by showing that human retroplacental serum (RPS) containing PAO activity was also
      capable of mediating trypanosome killing. This is of significance because the
      macrophage PAO resembles the human RPS PAO. In addition, our preliminary studies,
      in which an attempt was made to characterize the factors responsible for
      cytotoxicity, suggested that a number of products of the PAO-polyamine reaction
      display trypanocidal properties. These included hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the
      aldehyde acrolein, and possibly aminoaldehydes. No evidence was obtained that the
      oxygen intermediates, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, play a role in the PAO
      mediated trypanosome killing. Ammonia, an additional product of PAO-polyamine
      reaction, was not trypanocidal. Furthermore, the data suggested that less than 30
      min exposure to the reaction mixture (and possibly to aminoaldehydes) was
      adequate to cause irreversible damage to trypanosomes.

PMID- 6381597
TI  - Roles of V antigen in promoting virulence and immunity in yersiniae.
AB  - It is established that yersiniae harboring an approximately 45-megadalton Vwa
      plasmid can produce V and W antigens (Vwa+), and that sera containing anti-V
      provides passive protection to mice against Yersinia pestis. This observation was
      extended by the use of monospecific anti-V prepared by injecting rabbits with
      partially purified V, absorption of antisera with a Vwa- extract, and then
      separation of gamma-globulin by traditional processes of fractionation or by
      affinity chromatography. These preparations provided passive protection against
      10 minimum lethal doses of virulent Y. pestis KIM, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
      PB1, and Yersinia enterocolitica WA. Kinetics of elimination of these Vwa+
      yersiniae from organs and blood of passively immunized mice closely resembled
      those of avirulent Vwa- mutants from normal mice. Injection into mice of sterile
      crude extracts of Y. pseudotuberculosis PB1 containing V promoted significant
      survival and retention of Vwa- mutants of Y. pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis, and
      Y. enterocolitica. This effect was eliminated by the removal of V before
      injection by precipitation with monospecific antibody. These results indicate
      that V antigen per se is the major virulence factor mediated by Vwa-plasmids.

PMID- 6381598
TI  - Immunoradiometric assay for detection of filarial antigens in human serum.
AB  - The immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for detection of filarial antigens in the
      serum of patients infected with Brugia malayi (Bm) or the closely related
      filarial parasite Wuchereria bancrofti (Wb) was investigated, and its performance
      and clinical utility were examined. Reference sera prepared by the addition of
      crude Bm antigen (BmA) to negative control human sera provided a reproducible
      reference curve. The IRMA displayed acceptable precision and reproducibility.
      Agreement between dilutions (parallelism) was good in sera without specific
      antibody, but the presence of even modest levels of antibody resulted in
      nonparallelism in about one-half of the tested sera from endemic areas.
      Significant reduction in detectable BmA occurred when low levels of specific
      antibody (less than 1 microgram/ml) were added to BmA containing sera. Thus,
      antibody interference limited absolute quantitation of antigen in the IRMA.
      Results were therefore expressed in a semi-quantitative manner by using the mean
      + 3 SD of the binding of nonexposed human sera as the positive threshold. The
      frequency of reliable filarial antigen detection in individuals from the Wb
      endemic areas of India and the South Pacific was the following: microfilaremia,
      15 out of 15; elephantiasis, 2 out of 18; tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, 2 out
      8. These findings show clearly that a two-site IRMA can effectively detect
      circulating antigen (and thus be diagnostic of infection) in a great many
      patients with filariasis, but to enhance the sensitivity of the assay to the
      point where all patients can be diagnosed, a number of suggested modifications
      will be necessary.

PMID- 6381599
TI  - Relation between avidity and specificity of monoclonal anti-chlamydial antibodies
      in culture supernatants and ascitic fluids determined by enzyme immunoassay.
AB  - The relation between avidity and specificity of monoclonal antibodies to
      Chlamydia trachomatis elementary body antigens was studied by enzyme immunoassay.
      Avidity was estimated by performing the assay in 6 sample dilutions and using a
      curve-fitting procedure to extrapolate antibody binding in the presence of large
      antibody excess. Specificity was judged by the difference between end-point
      titers against homologous and heterologous antigens. By this method antibodies
      are divided into 2 groups, high specificity (Hs) and low specificity (Ls).
      Usually, antibodies from ascitic fluids belonged to the Ls group. However, the Ls
      group also included a few antibodies in supernatants. There was an inverse
      relationship between avidity and specificity in the Ls group. Immunoglobulin M
      (IgM) and IgG antibodies of the Hs group had different relative avidities. Avid
      IgM antibodies from ascitic fluid are not necessarily highly specific.

PMID- 6381600
TI  - Retransplantation of murine skin allografts: assessment of treatment effects on
      the allograft in the absence of effects on the host.
AB  - In transplantation techniques previously described it was impossible to separate
      the effects of immunosuppressive treatments on the host from the effects directed
      at the allograft itself. The skin allograft retransplantation technique described
      here allows one to assess changes in the immunogenicity of the allograft
      generated in the primary recipient but assessed on a second untreated host. The
      skin allograft is parked on a primary recipient and then retransplanted with a
      thin margin of recipient tissue to a second host. Data obtained from this model
      shows that passenger leukocytes do not influence skin allograft survival times.
      Enhancing alloantisera used in the primary host was shown to cause prolonged
      graft survival in the untreated second recipient. Using this model the effects of
      immunosuppressive or immunostimulatory treatments directed at the graft itself
      can be assessed.

PMID- 6381601
TI  - Biotin-labeled antigen sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (BLA-S-ELISA)
      for the detection of Japanese encephalitis antibody in human and a variety of
      animal sera.
AB  - A biotin-labeled antigen (BLA) was adapted to a sandwich enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (S-ELISA) for detection of Japanese encephalitis (JE)
      antibody in a variety of animal sera. JE antigen was fixed on the wells of a
      microplate and became bound to the specific antibody which could react with a
      peroxidase-labeled avidin conjugate and azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazolin sulfonic
      acid) (ABTS) as a substrate. The BLA-S-ELISA could simultaneously detect JE
      antibody in all hemagglutination inhibition (HI) positive sera from man, swine,
      monkey, horse, cattle, rabbit, rat, mouse and pigeon by using the same reagents
      under the same test conditions. The antibody titers obtained by BLA-S-ELISA in
      human and swine sera corresponded well with HI antibody titers. The sensitivity
      of BLA-S-ELISA appeared to be higher for IgM antibody than for IgG antibody.
      Since the non-specific reaction was extremely low in BLA-S-ELISA, the cut-off
      titer for the assay could be set as low as 1:2.5 of serum dilution for positive
      antibody.

PMID- 6381602
TI  - Solid-phase enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay for enumeration of IgG
      rheumatoid factor-secreting cells.
AB  - Although IgG rheumatoid factor may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of
      rheumatoid arthritis, there is no precise method for its specific detection at
      the cellular level. A modification of the recently developed enzyme-linked
      immunospot assay has been devised for enumeration of cells secreting IgG
      rheumatoid factor (IgG RF) and simultaneous quantitation of the IgG RF secreted.
      Specific, sensitive and simple, this new assay should provide a valuable tool for
      study of isotype-specific RF secretion by single cells.

PMID- 6381603
TI  - Glycosphingolipid-blotting: an immunological detection procedure after separation
      by thin layer chromatography.
AB  - A method for detecting glycosphingolipids (GSL) in situ after thin layer
      chromatography is described. The separated GSL are transferred by diffusion to
      nitrocellulose. The replica is incubated with poly- or monoclonal antibodies and
      bound antibodies are detected with second antibodies coupled to peroxidase.
      Advantages of the procedure are its speed, the non-radioactive detection method,
      and its suitability for screening applications. In addition, small scale affinity
      purification of antibodies from the replicas is possible. The presence of
      Forssman antigen in mouse tissues and the reaction of monoclonal antibodies with
      human GSL is demonstrated.

PMID- 6381604
TI  - Plaque-forming cell response of frozen human lymphocytes stimulated with pokeweed
      mitogen. II. Results obtained in cultures of irradiated T and untreated B
      lymphocytes.
AB  - The PFC capability of cryopreserved lymphocytes was tested after T/B cell
      separation and irradiation of the T cells. It is concluded that there is no
      selective loss of function of the involved subpopulations. Thus nitrogen-stored
      lymphocytes can safely be used in PFC assays after conventional separation and
      irradiation procedures.

PMID- 6381605
TI  - An accurate method of duplicating natural tooth position in maxillary complete
      dentures.

PMID- 6381606
TI  - Hine sight.

PMID- 6381607
TI  - Comparison of S-100 and OKT6 antisera in human skin.
AB  - The monoclonal antibody OKT6 and antisera against S-100 protein have both been
      advocated as immunologic markers of Langerhans cells in the skin. S-100 antiserum
      has an advantage in its ability to stain Langerhans cells in paraffin tissues. In
      order to evaluate whether these antibodies stain equivalent numbers of Langerhans
      cells in skin, we compared the staining patterns of S-100 antiserum and OKT6
      antibody on biopsy specimens from 40 patients with leprosy using immunoperoxidase
      techniques. Utilizing OKT6 antibody, greater numbers of positive Langerhans cells
      were found in the epidermis in tuberculoid leprosy, reversal reaction, and
      erythema nodosum leprosum than in lepromatous leprosy. However, these differences
      were not observed with the S-100 antiserum and, overall, fewer cells were found
      as compared with the OKT6 antibody. In the dermis both antibodies stained
      "dendritic cells" that were found encircling granulomas in tuberculoid leprosy
      and reversal reaction. Staining in lepromatous leprosy granulomas, in contrast to
      the epidermal staining pattern, revealed rare OKT6-positive cells, while S-100
      cells were numerous and were more diffusely distributed throughout the granuloma.
      Our results indicate that antiserum to S-100 protein and OKT6 antibody stain
      morphologically similar cells (dendritic cells), but do not provide comparable
      results concerning distribution and frequency of these cells.

PMID- 6381608
TI  - On the presence of a metalloprotease in human skin fibroblasts that degrades the
      human skin elastic fiber system.
AB  - Succinyl-trialanine paranitroanilide, a specific synthetic substrate of
      elastases, was shown to be hydrolyzed by Triton X-100 extracts of human skin
      fibroblasts at near neutral pH. The neutral endopeptidase has been partially
      purified by ion exchange chromatography (DEAE Sephadex) and affinity
      chromatography using an AH-Sepharose (Ala)3 column. The enzyme has been purified
      85-fold and appears to be a metalloprotease as shown by its inhibitory profile.
      In its partially purified form, the neutral endopeptidase was found inactive
      toward benzoyl arginine paranitroanilide, benzoyl tyrosine paranitroanilide,
      azocasein, type I collagen, and [3H]ligamentum nuchae-insoluble elastin.
      Structural glycoprotein microfibrils isolated from porcine aorta are extensively
      degraded by this neutral protease. It could also hydrolyze, but to a lesser
      extent, insoluble elastin purified from human aortas; it was, however, found
      inactive toward bovine ligamentum nuchae elastin. Its potentiality to degrade the
      human skin elastic fiber system (namely elastic fibers, oxytalan, and elaunin
      fibers) has been assessed by a morphometric analysis of the length of these
      fibers (on tissue sections appropriately stained to identify the components of
      the elastic fiber system) prior to and after enzyme action. Analysis of the data
      obtained by morphometry indicated that this neutral protease attacked rapidly
      both elaunin and oxytalan fibers of human dermis, but only slowly the mature
      elastic fibers.

PMID- 6381609
TI  - Pemphigus and pemphigoid antigens are expressed in human amnion epithelium.
AB  - The sera of patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and bullous pemphigoid (BP)
      contain autoantibodies which react with antigens present in a variety of
      mammalian squamous epithelia. The biologic role of these epithelial antigens is
      unknown; however, they do appear to be markers of epithelial differentiation. We
      have examined many human tissues that may be used as sources of large amounts of
      BP and PV antigens, including the human amnion, which is composed of the amnion
      reflectum and placentum (epithelial monolayers) and amnion cord (stratified
      epithelium). Human amnion was obtained from normal term deliveries and specimens
      of each area of the amnion were processed for light and electron microscopy.
      Samples of amnion were snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and 4-micron sections were
      used as a substrate for BP and PV antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence (IF)
      techniques. Well-characterized BP serum (indirect IF titer 1:2560), PV serum
      (indirect IF titer 1:160), and normal human serum (negative indirect IF) were
      utilized as sources of BP and PV autoantibodies and a negative control,
      respectively. Linear staining of the BMZ was produced by BP antibodies in 8/8
      specimens of amnion reflectum, 8/8 specimens of amnion placentum, and 3/3
      specimens of amnion cord. Staining of the epithelial intercellular spaces was
      produced by PV antibodies of 2/3 specimens of amnion cord and none of the amnion
      reflectum (0/8) or amnion placentum (0/8) tested. Normal human serum produced no
      specific staining of the amnion. The light and the ultrastructural features of
      human amnion basement membrane zone and intercellular spaces resembles closely
      their epidermal counterparts. The restricted distribution of BP antigen in amnion
      epithelial basal cells (amnion reflectum, placentum, and cord) and PV antigen in
      stratified amnion epithelium (amnion cord) reinforces their relationship with
      epithelial differentiation. The abundance and availability of these tissues
      facilitate extraction and characterization of BP and PV antigens.

PMID- 6381611
TI  - Intranasally applied recombinant leukocyte A interferon in normal volunteers. II.
      Determination of minimal effective and tolerable dose.
AB  - In an attempt to find a dose of recombinant leukocyte A interferon (rIFN-alpha A)
      that is both efficacious against rhinovirus challenge and is tolerable, double
      blind, placebo-controlled studies were performed; 56 normal volunteers received
      either placebo or one of two relatively small doses of rIFN-alpha A (i.e., 2.4 X
      10(6) units [2.4M] or 0.7 X 10(6) units [0.7M] per day) for four days. The
      frequency of illness was significantly lower in the group given doses of 2.4M
      than in a group of volunteers given placebo (29% vs. 73%; P less than .032);
      however, the frequencies of illness in the group given doses of 0.7M and in a
      placebo group were similar (67% vs. 63%). The rates of infection in these pairs
      of groups were not significantly different from each other. No significant local
      or systemic reactions were noted during the four days of rIFN-alpha A
      administration. In a 26-day tolerance study, 15% of volunteers given 2.4M doses
      of rIFN-alpha A developed bloody mucus and nasal mucosal erosions, while no such
      local reactions were noted in volunteers given 0.7M doses or in those given
      placebo. Thus, increasing doses of rIFN-alpha A were associated with both
      increasing efficacy against rhinovirus-induced illness and increasing frequency
      of local adverse reactions.

PMID- 6381610
TI  - Intranasal interferon-alpha 2 treatment of experimental rhinoviral colds.
AB  - The therapeutic efficacy of recombinant interferon-alpha 2 (HuIFN-alpha 2) in
      experimental infection with rhinovirus type 39 was assessed in two randomized,
      double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. Adult volunteers (serum neutralizing
      antibody titer, less than or equal to 1:2) were given 9 X 10(6) international
      units of HuIFN-alpha 2 three times a day for five days by intranasal spray (study
      1) or drops (study 2) beginning 28 hr after rhinovirus inoculation. HuIFN-alpha 2
      did not prevent rhinovirus infection or colds in either study. Treatment by nasal
      drops and to a lesser extent by spray was associated with significant reductions
      in duration and quantity of viral shedding. Treatment by drops was associated
      with significant but modest effects on nasal symptom scores and trends toward
      reduced quantities of production of nasal mucus. Despite lower nasal wash
      concentrations of interferon, HuIFN-alpha 2 drops appeared to have greater
      antiviral activity and therapeutic efficacy than did HuIFN-alpha 2 spray. These
      findings suggest that HuIFN-alpha 2 may not be therapeutically useful in treating
      naturally occurring rhinoviral colds.

PMID- 6381613
TI  - The significance of hospitals as reservoirs for endemic multiresistant Salmonella
      typhimurium causing infection in urban Brazilian children.
AB  - To identify possible sources of multiply drug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium
      among children in Sao Paulo, Brazil, we reviewed records of 470 children who had
      visited eight outpatient clinics from March 1981 to May 1982 and of 28 children
      who had been admitted to one referral hospital between June and November of 1982,
      and we examined plasmid profiles of the Salmonella isolates by agarose-gel
      electrophoresis. S. typhimurium was identified in 37 of these children. Case
      control studies showed that children with S. typhimurium infections were more
      likely to have been hospitalized before onset of diarrhea than were either age
      matched children without diarrhea (P = .031) or age-matched children with
      nonbacterial diarrhea (P = .035). Four distinct plasmid profiles, each of which
      was temporally clustered, were identified in 20 (67%) of 30 S. typhimurium
      strains isolated from previously hospitalized children and in two (28%) of seven
      strains from children not previously hospitalized. Each of three of these four
      profiles was associated with a different hospital, results suggesting that
      multiresistant-S. typhimurium infections in Sao Paulo are often nosocomially
      acquired.

PMID- 6381612
TI  - Hypoprothrombinemia in febrile, neutropenic patients with cancer: association
      with antimicrobial suppression of intestinal microflora.
AB  - Serial, twice-weekly prothrombin times were determined in 108 febrile,
      granulocytopenic patients with cancer who were prospectively randomized to
      receive empiric antimicrobial therapy with moxalactam plus ticarcillin (M/T) or
      tobramycin plus ticarcillin (T/T). Thirty of 54 patients given M/T and 13 of 54
      patients given T/T developed prothrombin times that were greater than or equal to
      2 sec beyond control values (P less than .001) after a mean of 6.5 days of
      antimicrobial therapy. Serious bleeding episodes were more frequent in the group
      given M/T than in that given T/T (10 and two patients, respectively; P less than
      or equal to .05). Serial quantitative stool cultures revealed that both
      Escherichia coli and Bacteroides species were suppressed by greater than or equal
      to 5 log10 in eight of nine patients given M/T and in three of nine given T/T (P
      less than .05, Fisher's exact test). A significant reduction of the population of
      E. coli and Bacteroides fragilis, organisms that are major producers of
      bacterially synthesized menaquinones, was associated with a high incidence of
      hypoprothrombinemia. These observations support the hypothesis that menaquinones
      may play an important physiological role in the maintenance of blood coagulation
      during episodic dietary deficiency of phylloquinone.

PMID- 6381614
TI  - Principles of anterior guidance: development and clinical applications.

PMID- 6381615
TI  - [Purification and characterization of Eikenella corrodens aggregating factor from
      submandibular-sublingual saliva].

PMID- 6381616
TI  - [Technological imaging study of periodontal disease (1). Application for the
      quantitative assessment of bone grafts].

PMID- 6381617
TI  - [Local chlorhexidine delivery using hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) strips in the
      control of subgingival plaque. Microbiological and clinical observations].

PMID- 6381618
TI  - [Experimental anterior interbody fusion of the cervical spine. Comparative study
      between autograft and Al2O3 ceramic implantation].
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to compare autograft and Al2O3 ceramic implantation
      as grafting interbody fusion of the cervical spine of rabbits. Fifty six rabbits
      were used. In 36 rabbits, Al2O3 ceramic spacers were inserted into the level of
      C4-5. The spacer is hexahedronic in shape, measuring 6 X 4 X 3 mm. In 20 rabbits,
      autologous bones, same size as the spacer, were inserted under the same
      procedure. Animals were killed at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after the procedure. Each
      material was evaluated radiologically, histologically and biomechanically. The
      main results found in this study were as follows: Radiologically, periodic
      anteroposterior and lateral X-rays were taken for the duration of 12 weeks after
      the procedure. Although the animals with Al2O3 ceramics showed extrusion at
      higher rate as compared with autografts, they didn't show any collapse and local
      kyphosis in the procedure site except for extrusive cases. Histologically, new
      bone formation was observed around Al2O3 ceramics at 4 weeks. And it is clear
      that Al2O3 ceramics have good histocompatibility. Biomechanically, the maximum
      resistance to bending or the rigidity of each fixed intervertebrae was measured
      with the Tensiron testing machine. In the resistance, Al2O3 ceramics were
      inferior to autograft, but almost equal to the normal motion segment. According
      to these results, Al2O3 ceramics have many advantages, and results as favourable
      as those obtained by native bone may be obtained with a proper shape of the
      implant.

PMID- 6381619
TI  - Use of the Wagner apparatus in the treatment of compound fractures with segmental
      bone loss.
AB  - Treatment of non-union of long bone fractures with segmental bone loss is
      difficult problem. Fracture healing is commonly delayed due to the severe
      associated soft tissue injuries, deep wound infections and poor osteogenesis. The
      slow healing time often necessitates prolonged joint immobilization resulting in
      joint stiffness. In order to obtain satisfactory fracture union without adjacent
      joint contractures, the Wagner apparatus in conjunction with massive cancellous
      bone grafting has been employed at the Kobe University Hospital. Autogenous
      cancellous grafts provide a scaffolding for rapid vascular ingrowth and viable
      osteoblasts for osteogenesis. Graft incorporation and fracture union can be
      monitored by serial radiographs and radioisotope studies.

PMID- 6381621
TI  - Kansas Medical Society: 1984 Membership directory.

PMID- 6381620
TI  - [Pain and sensory perception of the bone and joints].

PMID- 6381622
TI  - A brief history of the University of Kentucky Department of Surgery.

PMID- 6381623
TI  - Free and cell bound IgE in nasal polyps.

PMID- 6381624
TI  - 1984-85 roster.

PMID- 6381625
TI  - Computer-assisted decision making in medicine.
AB  - This article reviews the strengths and limitations of five major paradigms of
      medical computer-assisted decision making (CADM): (1) clinical algorithms, (2)
      statistical analysis of collections of patient data, (3) mathematical models of
      physical processes, (4) decision analysis, and (5) symbolic reasoning or
      artificial intelligence (AI). No one technique is best for all applications, and
      there is recent promising work which combines two or more established techniques.
      We emphasize both the inherent power of symbolic reasoning and the promise of
      artificial intelligence and the other techniques to complement each other.

PMID- 6381626
TI  - Ceramic implants--a clinical caution.

PMID- 6381627
TI  - The conservative retrieval of silver cones in difficult cases.

PMID- 6381628
TI  - Evaluation of the apical seal produced by a hybrid root canal filling method,
      combining lateral condensation and thermatic compaction.

PMID- 6381629
TI  - Apolipoprotein expression by murine visceral yolk sac endoderm.
AB  - Apolipoprotein expression was examined in the postimplantation mouse embryo.
      Antibodies directed against murine Apolipoprotein AI and human low-density
      lipoprotein (LDL) particles specifically immunoprecipitated metabolically
      labelled radioactive apolipoproteins from the culture supernatant of 10.5 days
      post coitum (days p.c.) yolk sac visceral endoderm cultured in vitro. No evidence
      for apolipoprotein expression by other embryonic or extraembryonic tissues at
      this stage was obtained. Immunohistochemical staining at sectioned 10.5 days p.c.
      embryos with anti-Apolipoprotein AI antibodies revealed specific localization of
      immunoreactive material in the yolk sac visceral endoderm. We conclude that the
      yolk sac visceral endoderm is a source of lipoproteins during postimplantation
      embryonic development.

PMID- 6381630
TI  - Development of the iris in the chicken embryo. I. A study of growth and
      histodifferentiation utilizing immunocytochemistry for muscle differentiation.
AB  - The development of the iris was studied in chicken embryos from 4 days of
      incubation through hatching and in chicks up to 17 days posthatching. Serial
      sections of the eye were stained routinely or by immunocytochemical methods using
      myosin antiserum to enhance detection of differentiating muscle by light
      microscopy. Eyes from embryos at each stage were also examined by scanning
      electron microscopy. Outgrowth of the iris occurs in a sequential pattern around
      the eye, beginning at 6 1/2 days of incubation in the region temporal to the
      choroid fissure and proceeding around the eye. Since differentiation of the iris
      follows the same pattern, similar areas of the iris were compared at each stage
      of development. At 6 1/2 days of incubation, pigment granules can be seen in the
      anterior epithelium at the root of the iris, but it is not until 8 days of
      incubation that pigment is identified in the same area of the posterior
      epithelium. As development proceeds, the pigmentation of both epithelial layers
      progresses from the root of the iris to the pupillary margin. Early features of
      the development of the sphincter muscle can first be recognized in the 7-day
      embryo, when epithelial buds form from the anterior epithelium adjacent to the
      pupillary margin. Cells from these buds detach from the epithelium and populate
      the entire irideal stroma; these cells are the precursors of the sphincter
      muscle. The epithelial buds increase in size and distribution, and coalesce into
      a continuous ridge of cells around the iris by 10 days of incubation. The first
      muscle cells differentiate at 11 days of incubation when striated fibres can be
      identified by immunocytochemistry. The first striated fibres of the dilator
      muscle are seen in the 13-day embryo. Differentiation of the dilator muscle
      begins near the root of the iris and proceeds toward the pupillary margin,
      ultimately arising from the entire anterior epithelium except near the pupillary
      margin. Further differentiation of the sphincter and dilator muscles continues
      throughout incubation and for several weeks beyond hatching.

PMID- 6381631
TI  - Development of the iris in the chicken embryo. II. Differentiation of the irideal
      muscles in vitro.
AB  - The developmental capabilities of the iris rudiment in the chicken embryo, as
      well as the role of tissue interactions in the differentiation of the iris, were
      investigated in vitro. Sectors of the intact iris from 7 1/2- through 9-day
      embryos (stages 32 through 35) lost their morphological organization in vitro,
      but were capable of normal histodifferentiation. The pigmentation of the
      epithelium increased, and muscle differentiation occurred. Developing muscle was
      identified using immunocytochemistry with antiserum against chicken muscle
      myosin; this procedure permitted positive identification of myoblasts, myotubes,
      and muscle fibres in cultures in which histological features alone were
      equivocal. The proportion of irideal explants which developed muscle increased
      with the age of the embryo, and correlated with the incidence of epithelial buds
      and epithelial cells in the stroma. Irideal mesenchyme from stage-32 through
      stage-35 embryos was already populated with stromal epithelial cells when
      isolated, but growth and muscle differentiation in these cultures compared poorly
      with that in the intact iris in vitro. Isolated irideal epithelium (stages 32
      through 37) demonstrated even more limited muscle differentiation in vitro,
      suggesting reciprocal interaction between irideal epithelium and mesenchyme
      during development. Irideal epithelium was also cultured in direct association
      with non-irideal mesenchyme from various embryonic organ rudiments, but muscle
      differentiation was not enhanced.

PMID- 6381632
TI  - Cell cycle analysis of facial mesenchyme in the chick embryo. II. Label dilution
      studies and developmental fate of slow cycling cells.
AB  - The spatial distribution and developmental fate of quiescent and/or slow cycling
      cell populations of the primary palate were studied employing label-dilution
      techniques. 3 1/2-day-old chick embryos were labelled sequentially for 12 h with
      [3H]thymidine and then chased with cold thymidine. The embryos were reincubated
      to continue development and were subsequently sacrificed at intervals from the
      end of labelling at 4 days to 14 days of incubation (10 days after labelling) and
      processed for autoradiography. Retention of label was used as the assay for
      identification of quiescent and/or slow-cycling cells. Grain density over the
      nuclei of labelled cells was determined in the maxillary process and the roof of
      the stomodeum. Cells with a label density at later time points comparable to that
      found in cells immediately after the labelling period were defined as label
      retaining cells, i.e. those which had become quiescent or had significantly
      altered generation times. The location and developmental fate of these cell
      populations were confirmed using slides containing adjacent sections stained with
      Nuclear Fast Red, Alcian Blue, and Tartrazine. The results demonstrated an
      association between label-retaining cells and chondrogenic differentiation in the
      roof of the stomodeum. Subpopulations of label-retaining cells (quiescent and/or
      slow cycling) which we believe to be prechondroblasts appeared in the
      chondrogenic region of the roof of the stomodeum prior to, or coincident with,
      cartilage formation. The retention of label, as evidenced by comparison of
      nuclear grain counts at the end of the labelling period with subsequent time
      points, indicated that a cell cycle block may have occurred in the
      prechondroblastic cell population. The block lasted until these cells expressed
      the chondrogenic phenotype, after which they resumed cell division.

PMID- 6381633
TI  - Characterization of a cell-surface differentiation antigen of mouse
      spermatogenesis: timing and localization of expression by immunohistochemistry
      using a monoclonal antibody.
AB  - The XT-1 antigen, bound by monoclonal antibody XT-I, is a differentiation antigen
      of germ cells in the mouse testis. As seen in immunoperoxidase-stained tissue
      sections from several juvenile ages and adult, the antigen becomes detectable on
      early (leptotene/zygotene) spermatocytes and increases in staining during
      spermatocyte development. During spermatid development the distribution of the
      determinant shifts from its relatively uniform surface distribution on
      spermatocytes to a more restricted localization on the base of the head, tail and
      cytoplasmic lobe of the elongating spermatid. The antigen is not detectable on
      juvenile or adult Sertoli cells. Detection of the antigen is dependent on the
      presence of germ cells of appropriate developmental stage. It is, thus, a marker
      for spermatocytes and later germ cells, for a cell-surface molecule related to
      spermatogenesis and for redistribution and/or modification of the molecule during
      spermatid elongation.

PMID- 6381634
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against protease-sensitive pneumococcal antigens can
      protect mice from fatal infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies were raised against surface determinants of Streptococcus
      pneumoniae by hyperimmunizing X-linked immunodeficient (xid) CBA/N mice with the
      heat-killed rough strain R36A. 17 hybridomas produced antibody that bound intact
      R36A and did not cross-react with phosphocholine, an antigen common in the cell
      wall of all S. pneumoniae. The antibody produced by at least two of these
      hybridomas, Xi64 (IgM) and Xi126 (IgG2b), could protect mice from a lethal
      intravenous challenge of type 3 S. pneumoniae strains WU2 and A66 and of the type
      2 strain D39. The minimum amount of antibody required to protect xid mice from
      100 WU2 was 4.5 micrograms/mouse for Xi64 and 2.6 micrograms/mouse for Xi126,.
      Free phosphocholine, C-polysaccharide, and type 3 capsular polysaccharide all
      failed to inhibit the binding of Xi64 or Xi126 to R36A. These antibodies appeared
      to bind surface polypeptides, since treatment of R36A with either pepsin or
      trypsin, or of R36A lysate with trypsin, effectively eliminated the ability of
      Xi64 and Xi126 to bind antigens in these preparations. Binding studies indicated
      that these two antibodies recognized different epitopes that were expressed on
      several but not all serotypes of pneumococci.

PMID- 6381635
TI  - Antimalarial immunity in Saimiri monkeys. Immunization with surface components of
      asexual blood stages.
AB  - Plasmodium falciparum polypeptides of 200 and 140 K mol wt exposed at the surface
      of merozoites and/or schizonts were purified by affinity chromatography and by
      electroelution from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
      Monkeys were separated into three groups of four and immunized either with one of
      the two polypeptides or with saline (control). After intravenous challenge with
      2.5 X 10(7) P. falciparum asexual blood stages, two monkeys of the control group
      had to be treated and two recovered spontaneously after peak parasitemia of 9 and
      11%. The four monkeys immunized with the 140 K polypeptide recovered without
      treatment after peak parasitemia between 1.5 and 4.5%. Monkeys immunized with the
      200 K polypeptide had similar peak parasitemia except one monkey who suffered
      from a large skin excoriation and who recovered spontaneously after a peak
      parasitemia of 11%. Prechallenge sera of the immunized monkeys reacted only with
      the polypeptide used for immunization except for one serum of the 140 K group,
      which precipitated an additional polypeptide of 39 K, and a polypeptide of 31 K
      weakly precipitated by the four sera of monkeys immunized with the 200 K
      polypeptide. The relatedness between the 200 and 140 K polypeptides was
      investigated using tryptic digestion and reverse phase chromatography. No clear
      analogy was found between the two polypeptides, which suggests that immunization
      with either of two independent surface components of P. falciparum asexual blood
      stages is able to induce at least a partial protective immunity in immunized
      hosts.

PMID- 6381636
TI  - The three major antigens on the surface of Plasmodium falciparum merozoites are
      derived from a single high molecular weight precursor.
AB  - A 195,000 mol wt Plasmodium falciparum protein and processing fragments derived
      from it have been purified by monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography. A
      polyvalent antiserum has been raised against the purified protein and used to
      identify the terminal processing products associated with the merozoite. Three
      unique fragments of 83,000, 42,000, and 19,000 mol wt are present and they
      represent the major surface antigens of P. falciparum merozoites.

PMID- 6381637
TI  - Physiology of B cells in mice with X-linked immunodeficiency (xid). III.
      Disappearance of xid B cells in double bone marrow chimeras.
AB  - Evidence is presented that B cells from mice with X-linked immunodeficiency (xid)
      differentiate at a slower rate than normal B cells. This conclusion stems from
      studies in which (B6 X CBA/J)F1 mice were heavily irradiated (1,000 rads) and
      reconstituted with a mixture of T-depleted marrow cells taken from (a)
      nondefective B6 mice (H-2b) and (b) xid CBA/N or nondefective CBA/Ca mice (both H
      2k). With transfer of CBA/Ca plus B6 marrow cells, the irradiated recipients
      become repopulated with B cells derived from both parental marrow sources; except
      for an early imbalance (probably reflecting Hh resistance), the degree of
      chimerism remained relatively stable over a period of more than 6 months. Very
      different results occurred with transfer of a mixture of xid CBA/N and normal B6
      marrow. Within the first 2 months after marrow reconstitution, a low but
      significant proportion of the B cells in both spleen and lymph nodes were of
      CBA/N origin. Thereafter the proportion of these cells fell progressively, and by
      6-9 months virtually all of the B cells were of B6 origin. This gradual decline
      in CBA/N-derived cells did not apply to other cell types, i.e., T cells or
      pluripotential stem cells. Analogous results were obtained with transfer of CBA/N
      vs. CBA/Ca marrow cells into sublethally irradiated (750 rads) (CBA/N X DBA/2)F1
      male vs. female mice. For example, CBA/N-marrow derived B cells differentiated
      effectively and survived for long periods in F1 male mice (xid----xid) but not in
      F1 female mice (xid----normal). The finding that xid B cells eventually disappear
      in the presence of normal B cells strengthens the view that xid B cells are an
      abnormal population not represented in normal mice.

PMID- 6381638
TI  - Hyperactivity (attention-deficit disorder).
AB  - Hyperactivity, or attention-deficit disorder, is a common disorder of childhood
      and has serious sequelae. Patients with this problem present frequently to the
      family physician's office. The physician should be able to perform a thorough
      evaluation that includes a family interview, a teacher consultation, and referral
      for psychological testing. Once the diagnosis of hyperactivity (attention-deficit
      disorder) is made, a comprehensive treatment plan is initiated that includes the
      use of stimulants, family counseling with an emphasis on behavioral management of
      the child and support of the parents and siblings, and initiation of school
      intervention. Many parents inquire about diet therapy, which may be of help with
      some children but should not be used to the exclusion of other treatment
      approaches.

PMID- 6381639
TI  - ATP-gamma-S (adenosine 5'-0(3-thiotriphosphate)) blocks progesterone-induced
      maturation of the Xenopus oocyte.
AB  - ATP-gamma-S microinjection into Xenopus oocyte prevents progesterone induced
      maturation. Inhibition is time and dose dependent; 50% inhibition occurs when 50
      nl of 0.5 mM ATP-gamma-S solution are microinjected/oocyte 1 hr prior to the
      hormonal trigger. ATP-gamma-S inhibited oocytes can be induced to mature (100%)
      following microinjection of extracts containing maturation promoting factor
      (MPF). Our results suggest that the maturation protein(s) has been stabilized in
      ovo by ATP-gamma-S microinjection, in its phosphorylated inhibitory form.

PMID- 6381641
TI  - The impact of knowledge to diabetes mellitus on insulin-treated diabetics.

PMID- 6381640
TI  - Two-dimensional gel analysis of zymogen-activating factors in the small intestine
      of the mouse.
AB  - Zymogen-activating factors in the mouse were investigated by two-dimensional
      electrophoresis. Mouse pancreatic zymogens--trypsinogen-I group (Try G-I group),
      trypsinogen-II (Try G-II), and chymotrypsinogen (Chy G)--were purified using DEAE
      cellulose column chromatography. Analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis,
      using the purified zymogens as substrates, revealed enterokinase isozymes and
      chymotrypsinogen-activating factors in both the intestinal extract and luminal
      fluid. Mouse enterokinase was separated into at least two bands in the first
      dimensional gel, each able to activate both trypsinogens Try G-I group and Try G
      II. Chymotrypsinogen-activating factors were separated into several bands in the
      first-dimensional gel. Some activating factors showed mobilities similar to those
      of mouse enterokinase isozymes. Moreover, other activating factors that can
      activate chymotrypsinogen were present only in the more anodal area of the first
      dimensional gel. These findings indicate that at least two enterokinases and
      several chymotrypsinogen-activating factors play an important role in the process
      of activating digestive enzymes.

PMID- 6381642
TI  - [Formation of fluids of the internal ear].

PMID- 6381644
TI  - Isolation and structure of glucan from regenerating spheroplasts of Candida
      albicans.
AB  - Regenerating spheroplasts of Candida albicans formed organized glucan nets in
      liquid culture. The nets consisted of interwoven microfibrils about 50 nm wide,
      but of an undetermined length. Partial acid hydrolysis of the polysaccharide
      showed the presence of chains of beta(1----3)- and beta(1----6)-linked glucose
      residues, but no intrachain beta(1----3) and beta(1----6) linkages. Periodate
      oxidation and GLC of the methylated glucan indicated a highly branched polymer
      (9.5% branch points). Sequential enzymic degradation of the isolated nets
      confirmed the presence of chains of beta(1----3)- and beta(1----6)-linked glucose
      residues. Degradation by (1----3)-beta- and (1----6)-beta-glucanase released 23%
      (w/w) and 30% (w/w) respectively of the carbohydrate as glucose equivalents. The
      residual material was degraded by chitinase. Equal amounts of N-acetylglucosamine
      and glucose equivalents were detected in the chitinase hydrolysate, suggesting a
      possible linkage between glucan and chitin. Our data indicate that the cell wall
      of C. albicans contains at least two highly branched glucans with predominantly
      beta(1----3) or beta(1----6) linkages.

PMID- 6381643
TI  - Mutations affecting the sulphur assimilation pathway in Aspergillus nidulans:
      their effect on sulphur amino acid metabolism.
AB  - Several sul-reg mutants of Aspergillus nidulans isolated as constitutive for
      arylsulphatase were studied with respect to the regulation of enzymes involved in
      cysteine and homocysteine synthesis and to the pool of sulphur amino acids. All
      mutants examined showed a decreased concentration of glutathione as compared with
      the wild type, and all mutants, with one exception, had a decreased total pool of
      sulphur amino acids. The results suggest that the mutants are leaky in the
      sulphate assimilation pathway. They show derepression of cysteine synthase,
      homocysteine synthase, cystathionine beta-synthase and gamma-cystathionase. In
      spite of having derepressed homocysteine synthase, the enzyme which constitutes
      an alternative pathway for homocysteine synthesis, the sul-reg mutations do not
      suppress lesions in genes required for the main homocysteine-synthesizing
      pathway. This indicates that the derepression of homocysteine synthase is not in
      itself sufficient for physiological functioning of this enzyme, but seems to
      depend also on the effectiveness of cysteine synthesis and sulphide formation.

PMID- 6381645
TI  - Pyruvate and ethanol as electron donors for nitrite reduction by Escherichia coli
      K12.
AB  - Pyruvate and ethanol were both effective electron donors for nitrite reduction by
      Escherichia coli K12. The pyruvate-dependent rate decreased by approximately 50%
      when either a cysG mutation, which results in loss of NADH-dependent nitrite
      reductase activity (EC 1.6.6.4), or a chl mutation, which results in loss of the
      formate-nitrite oxidoreductase activity, was introduced into the prototrophic
      parental strain CGSC4315. A double mutant deficient in both of these previously
      described activities retained only 2% of the rate of nitrite reduction of the
      parental strain after growth on glucose or 5% after growth on pyruvate. We
      conclude that any third pathway for nitrite reduction contributes little to the
      in vivo rate of nitrite reduction by wild-type strains.

PMID- 6381646
TI  - Genetic evidence for the direction of transcription of the trfA gene of broad
      host range plasmid RK2.
AB  - For replication of broad host range plasmid RK2 in Escherichia coli two regions
      of the plasmid genome are essential, oriV RK2 between 12.0 and 12.7 kb on the
      genome (defined clockwise from the unique EcoRI site) and trfA, located between
      16.0 and 17.4 kb, which provides a trans-acting product necessary for oriV RK2
      function. The properties of an insertion mutant of a mini-RK2/ColE1 hybrid
      plasmid suggest that the trfA promoter lies clockwise from the 17.4 kb RK2
      coordinate. Fusion of the trfA gene lacking its normal promoter to the E. coli
      trpE gene in a hybrid plasmid confirmed that trfA is transcribed anticlockwise,
      towards the Tcr gene of RK2. Repression of trpE promoter activity in these
      fusions showed that replication of an RK2 replicon can be regulated by varying
      the level of trfA gene expression. The results also indicate the presence of a
      transcription unit running anticlockwise through the trfB region located between
      54.0 and 56.0 kb on the RK2 genome.

PMID- 6381647
TI  - Molecular gentic analysis of the trfB and korB region of broad host range plasmid
      RK2.
AB  - A 3.2 kb region of the broad host range IncP plasmid RK2 (indistinguishable from
      RP1, RP4, R68 and R18) anticlockwise from the EcoRI site may be separated
      phenotypically into three loci. The trfB/korA/korD locus both complements a
      temperature-sensitive maintenance mutation and suppresses the deleterious effects
      of the loci kilA and kilD; the incC locus expresses incompatibility towards
      complete RK2-like replicons, and the korB locus suppresses the host lethal effect
      the kilB locus. Transcriptional fusions of the galK gene to various segments of
      this region revealed that all three loci are transcribed anticlockwise from a
      common promoter. A weak secondary promoter may also contribute to the expression
      of korB. Analysis of the sizes of the polypeptides produced from these segments
      led to the identification of two cistrons, the first encoding a polypeptide of 38
      kDal associated with incC function and the second a polypeptide of 49 kDal
      associated with korB activity. The trfB/korA/korD activities are associated with
      a polypeptide of 14kDal which may be an N-terminal fragment of the incC
      associated polypeptide.

PMID- 6381648
TI  - The effect of plasmid R391 and other IncJ plasmids on the survival of Escherichia
      coli after UV irradiation.
AB  - The presence of the IncJ plasmids R391, R997, R705, R706, R748 and R749 was shown
      to sensitize Escherichia coli AB1157 and both its uvrA and lexA derivatives to UV
      irradiation. No alteration in post-irradiation survival was observed in a recA
      mutant containing these plasmids, compared with the non-plasmid-containing recA
      strain. Analysis of recombination frequency in Hfr crosses to recA+ cells
      containing plasmid R391 indicated a reduction in recombination frequency compared
      with that obtained in similar crosses to a non-plasmid-containing strain. This
      effect was not due to plasmid-encoded restriction or entry exclusion systems and
      therefore must be considered as a real block in recombination. When cells
      containing plasmid R391 were irradiated and allowed to photoreactivate, an
      increase in survival was observed which was comparable to that observed in the
      non-plasmid-containing derivative. This indicated that post-irradiation
      processing of UV-induced damage, or lack of such processing, by mechanisms other
      than photoreactivation was responsible for the UV sensitivity associated with
      plasmid R391.

PMID- 6381649
TI  - The detection and analysis of chitinase activity from the yeast form of Candida
      albicans.
AB  - Chitinase activity was detected in the supernatant fraction of a high-speed
      centrifugation preparation of broken Candida albicans yeast cells. The enzyme
      showed peak activity during the rapid budding phase of growth and was found to
      parallel the chitin synthase activity. The optimum conditions for the hydrolysis
      of chitin, regenerated from acetylation of chitosan, were determined. Analysis of
      the kinetics of the enzyme-substrate interaction and a measurement of their
      binding suggests that an equilibrium binding situation exists and that the
      kinetics follow a Langmuir isotherm interaction.

PMID- 6381650
TI  - Thymidine kinase of bacteria: activity of the enzyme in actinomycetes and related
      organisms.
AB  - Various micro-organisms were studied for their thymidine kinase (adenosine 5'
      triphosphate:thymidine 5'-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.21) (TK) activity. The
      sonicated cell extract of Escherichia coli K12 had a TK activity of 35-66 pmol
      thymidine monophosphate formed min-1 (mg protein)-1. The cell extracts of
      Salmonella typhimurium and Klebsiella pneumoniae showed a markedly higher (5- to
      11-fold) TK activity. Somewhat lower but significant TK activity was detected in
      the cell extracts of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus
      subtilis and Proteus mirabilis. In contrast, weak TK activity, if any, was
      detected in the cell extracts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This was also the case
      with respect to the cell extracts of various actinomycetes (such as Nocardia and
      Streptomyces) and related organisms (such as Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium and
      Rhodococcus).

PMID- 6381651
TI  - Recurring chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood in a black child.

PMID- 6381652
TI  - A double-blind trial of chronic cerebellar stimulation in twelve patients with
      severe epilepsy.
AB  - Twelve patients with severe intractable epilepsy were treated by chronic
      cerebellar stimulation under double-blind conditions for six months. No reduction
      in seizure frequency occurred that could be attributed to stimulation, though
      eleven of the patients considered that the trial had helped them. One patient
      experienced fewer episodes of incontinence during stimulation. Cerebellar
      stimulation in its present form cannot be recommended for the treatment of severe
      intractable epilepsy.

PMID- 6381653
TI  - Levodopa-induced dyskinesia and thalamotomy.
AB  - Levodopa-induced dyskinesia of the limbs in thirteen cases of Parkinsonism, which
      was choreic, ballistic or dystonic in type, was alleviated almost completely by
      stereotaxic surgery using a microelectrode technique for the ventralis oralis
      anterior and posterior nuclei of the thalamus, but much less by the ventralis
      intermedius nucleus. Control of levodopa-induced dyskinesias by thalamic lesions
      in the course of routine treatment of Parkinsonism is discussed.

PMID- 6381654
TI  - Transformation of fibre types in muscular dystrophies.
AB  - In the normal human skeletal muscle, slow and fast forms of troponin I are
      segregated in type I and type II cells, respectively. Muscle biopsies from
      different dystrophies showed a large number of intermediate cells that stained
      with antibodies to both fast and slow troponin I. Intermediate cells of variable
      size were scattered at random and did not show a motor unit distribution as
      generally seen in some neuromuscular disorders. The preponderance of a particular
      cell type depended on the type of dystrophy. Except for dystrophia myotonica, all
      cases showed presence of small cells that looked like regenerating cells.

PMID- 6381655
TI  - An immunologic assessment of brain-associated IgG in senile cerebral amyloidosis.
AB  - Frontal and occipital lobes were taken within four hours of death from four
      senile patients (77-94 years) and frozen at -70 degrees C. After thawing at room
      temperature, gray and white matter were separated and subjected to sequential
      elution at pH 7.4 and pH 2.5. The eluates were processed for isoelectric focusing
      on 2.5% polyacrylamide gels and stained with silver nitrate; immunoblotting was
      done on agarose gels and stained by immunoperoxidase for IgG and light chains.
      Quantitation of the amount of IgG present in neutral and acidic eluates was
      performed by immunonephelometry and ELISA. Only the neutral eluates contained
      significant amounts of IgG, which were usually polyclonal. These data indicate
      that IgG associated with senile cerebral amyloid are not bound to any brain or
      vascular component and the data do not support the occurrence of an
      intraparenchymal immune response.

PMID- 6381656
TI  - A proposal for the addition of hyperthermia to treatment regimens for acute and
      chronic leukemia.
AB  - The application of hyperthermia to the treatment of neoplastic disease has
      focused on solid tumors. Human leukemias, both acute and chronic, may represent a
      unique category of diseases for which hyperthermia should be used in combination
      with other modalities with curative intent. Three clinical approaches to include
      hyperthermia are proposed. These are hyperthermia in combination with therapeutic
      low-dose whole-body irradiation, ablative high-dose total body irradiation, and
      bone marrow transplantation with the in vitro use of hyperthermia to purge
      remission bone marrow of abnormal cells. Current preclinical research further
      supporting these clinical applications of hyperthermia to leukemia therapy is
      presented.

PMID- 6381657
TI  - High-dose polychemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation in
      children with relapsed lymphomas.
AB  - Sixteen children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) who had relapsed were treated
      with high-dose chemotherapy with BCNU, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, 6
      thioguanine (high-dose chemotherapy [HDC]) and autologous bone marrow
      transplantation (ABMT). Eleven complete responses were obtained and five patients
      remain in prolonged complete unmaintained remission 77+ to 152+ weeks after
      treatment. The best results were obtained in patients with CNS involvement and
      when this regimen was used after complete remission or partial response was
      obtained by other means. The results appear to be better in B-cell than in T-cell
      lymphomas, but the numbers are too small for statistical assessment. The use of
      ABMT rendered the pancytopenic period short and safe, despite the use of drug
      doses higher than those previously described for this HDC. The frequency of
      interstitial pneumonitis, possibly related to pulmonary toxicity of chemotherapy,
      remains a major concern. These results show that this regimen can help to cure
      some patients but its toxicity prohibits its use in primary therapy.

PMID- 6381658
TI  - Neurological complications of Kaposi's sarcomat. An analysis of 5 cases and a
      review of the literature.
AB  - We analyzed the neurological complications in 25 patients with Kaposi's sarcoma,
      5 encountered at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and 20 culled from the
      literature. Patients with all clinical forms of Kaposi's sarcoma [14 classical
      cases, 2 African cases, 5 cases associated with immunosuppressive therapy and 4
      cases associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)] suffered
      neurological dysfunction which included neoplastic involvement of the nervous
      system (Kaposi's sarcoma or another primary), autoimmune disorders and
      opportunistic infections. Neoplastic involvement was recorded most frequently in
      patients with classical and African Kaposi's sarcoma and was favored in a setting
      of extensive tumor dissemination. Opportunistic infections (cryptococcal
      meningitis and cerebral toxoplasmosis) were observed in all forms of Kaposi's
      sarcoma but were most frequent in AIDS cases and correlated with the degree of
      immune dysfunction. Our data suggest that more diverse opportunistic central
      nervous system infections, neurological disorders of an autoimmune nature, and
      neoplastic involvement of the nervous system are to be anticipated in AIDS.

PMID- 6381660
TI  - Antibodies against filamentous components in discrete cell types of the mouse
      retina.
AB  - Three monoclonal antibodies have been raised against the ganglion cell layer of
      the adult mouse retina. The first antibody, R3, labeled optic axons in the inner
      retina, and with colchicine pretreatment somata and dendrites of large ganglion
      cells could be seen. A small number of other processes, including fibers
      projecting to the retina from elsewhere (efferent fibers), were also labeled in
      the inner retina. In the outer plexiform layer R3 stained the axonless class of
      horizontal cells. R3 recognized a 185,000- to 200,000-dalton polypeptide which is
      most probably the heaviest of the neurofilament subunits. Antibodies R4 and R5
      labeled filamentous components mainly in glia and cells of mesenchymal origin.
      The antigens appeared in most but not quite all locations morphologically closely
      related to the intermediate filament protein vimentin. In the retina both
      antibodies labeled strongly the regularly spaced Muller glia. The astroglia of
      the optic fiber layer was stained with R5 but not R4. Although the two antigens
      were in general not expressed in neurons, they were both present in axonless
      horizontal cells in the outer plexiform layer, coexisting with neurofilaments in
      this neuron.

PMID- 6381661
TI  - Topographical distribution of decrements and recovery in muscarinic receptors
      from rat brains repeatedly exposed to sublethal doses of soman.
AB  - [3H]Quinuclidinyl benzilate binding to rat brain muscarinic receptors decreased
      after repeated exposure to soman, a potent organophosphorus cholinesterase
      inhibitor. The topographical distribution of this decrement was analyzed by
      quantitative receptor autoradiography. After 4 weeks of soman, three times a
      week, quinuclidinyl benzilate binding decreased to 67 to 80% of control in
      frontal and parietal cortex, caudate-putamen, lateral septum, hippocampal body,
      dentate gyrus, superior colliculus, nucleus of the fifth nerve, and central grey.
      Minor or no decreases were observed in thalamic or hypothalamic nuclei, reticular
      formation, pontine nuclei, inferior colliculus, nucleus of the seventh nerve, and
      cerebellum. Scatchard analyses of saturation curves using frontal cortex sections
      from soman-treated rats revealed a decrease in maximal quinuclidinyl benzilate
      binding from that in control rats and a return toward control levels by 24 days
      without any significant change in affinity. These brain areas showing significant
      decrements in muscarinic receptors recovered with a similar time course. An
      estimate of the time for 50% recovery for some of the brain areas was 14 days for
      superior colliculus, 16 days for cortex, and 19 days for hippocampal body. The
      application of quantitative receptor autoradiography to analyze receptor
      alterations has been valuable in localizing the telencephalon as a region more
      susceptible to change in receptor concentration.

PMID- 6381659
TI  - Morphologic, cytochemical and neurochemical characterization of the human
      medulloblastoma cell line TE671.
AB  - Medulloblastoma cell line TE671 was characterized by morphologic, cytochemical,
      neurochemical, and growth criteria. In contrast to the uniform, in vivo
      histopathologic appearance of the tumor, TE671 in vitro exhibits six morphologic
      subtypes (Types I-VI) in varying percentages over 14 days in culture. TE671 grows
      as a monolayer by the merging of separate foci. Cells were positive for Periodic
      acid Schiff (PAS) and reticulum, and negative for the glial marker, glial
      fibrillary acid protein (GFAP). Receptors for human C3b (EAC) were present on 19%
      of the cells. Neural associated isoenzymes, neuron specific enolase (NSE) and
      creatine kinase (CK-BB) were demonstrated in TE671. Progeny of a single
      clonogenic cell manifested the morphologic heterogeneity of cell types (I-VI).
      The absence of markers specific for glial cells suggests that TE671 is an early
      (less differentiated) precursor. TE671, the only continuous human medulloblastoma
      cell line, provides an experimental model with which to compare and identify the
      subpopulation of neoplastic cells in medulloblastoma ex vivo.

PMID- 6381662
TI  - Clinical and laboratory procedures for fabrication of the soft tissue master
      cast.

PMID- 6381663
TI  - Saphenous vein patch grafts in carotid endarterectomy.
AB  - The clinical data and findings on the early postoperative intravenous digital
      subtraction angiograms (IVDSA's) were studied in 61 patients undergoing 70
      consecutive conventional carotid endarterectomies and in 46 patients undergoing
      50 consecutive carotid endarterectomies with a saphenous vein patch graft (SVPG).
      The IVDSA's were considered normal in 50 of 70 conventional carotid
      endarterectomies and in 46 of 50 carotid endarterectomies with SVPG (p = 0.004).
      The internal carotid artery (ICA) origin was consistently larger and had a more
      normal configuration after carotid endarterectomy with SVPG. Ballooning at the
      endarterectomy site was an uncommon finding and occurred with similar frequency
      in both groups; that is, after three conventional carotid endarterectomies and
      two carotid endarterectomies with SVPG. In the conventional group, early
      symptomatic thrombosis occurred in the ICA in one patient and in the common
      carotid artery (CCA), ICA, and external carotid artery (ECA) in two patients.
      Silent ICA occlusion was seen in three patients in the conventional group. There
      were no occlusions in the SVPG group (p = 0.04). Stenosis at the distal end of
      the ICA arteriotomy was found after nine conventional carotid endarterectomies,
      and was mild (less than or equal to 33% reduction in the lumen) in seven
      patients, moderate (34% to 66%) in one, and severe (greater than or equal to 67%)
      in one. Mild distal ICA stenosis was seen in one case after carotid
      endarterectomy with a SVPG (p = 0.03). Stenosis of 33% or less was found at the
      proximal end of the CCA arteriotomy after two carotid endarterectomies in the
      conventional group and one carotid endarterectomy in the SVPG group. Four
      patients in the conventional group suffered a postoperative cerebral infarct and
      one patient in the SVPG group suffered a postoperative brain-stem infarct (p =
      0.28). The authors' findings have led them to routinely use a SVPG in carotid
      endarterectomy.

PMID- 6381664
TI  - Psychological care of the patient with neurological dysfunction.

PMID- 6381665
TI  - Migration of distal catheter of the ventriculo-mitral shunt into the right
      atrium. Case report.
AB  - A rare case of migration of a distal catheter from a ventriculo-atrial shunt into
      the right atrium is presented. The employed surgical procedure for the removal of
      the foreign body from the heart is briefly discussed.

PMID- 6381666
TI  - Anal protrusion as a complication of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt. Case report and
      review of the literature.
AB  - A case is reported in which the Raimondi peritoneal catheter of a
      ventriculoperitoneal shunt spontaneously protruded from the anus in an infant.
      This complication has been previously reported; both pathogenesis and treatment
      may still represent a problem. From the review of the pertinent literature
      pathogenesis is mostly related to bowel perforation due to local infective
      adhesions. Treatment does not imply major abdominal surgery, if after avulsion of
      the extruded catheter and exteriorization of the shunt no peritoneal signs are
      present.

PMID- 6381667
TI  - Strategic planning in hospitals. Applications for nurse executives.
AB  - Strategic planning has been used in business to strengthen competitive position
      and improve overall performance. This method of analysis also offers nurse
      executives a way to increase management effectiveness by matching departmental
      strengths with environmental opportunities. A strategic planning method developed
      for application by nurse executives at the departmental level is presented.

PMID- 6381668
TI  - A historical development of midwifery in the black community: 1600-1940.

PMID- 6381669
TI  - The use of music by women during childbirth.

PMID- 6381670
TI  - Conversion of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid to L-methionine in the chick:
      a stereospecific pathway.
AB  - Conversion of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid (HMB) to L-methionine (L-Met)
      was studied by using chick liver homogenates. The first step was found to be
      stereospecific with different enzymes for the D- and L-isomers of HMB. L-HMB was
      the substrate for L-2-hydroxy acid oxidase, a peroxide-producing flavo-enzyme
      found in peroxisomes of liver and kidney. The enzyme for D-HMB, identified as
      mitochondrial D-2-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase, had not been previously described
      in the chick. This enzyme was found in every tissue tested including intestinal
      mucosa and skeletal muscle. Thus, D-HMB could be used by any organ for protein
      synthesis, like L-Met itself. These results provide a biochemical explanation of
      equimolar incorporation of HMB and DL-methionine (DL-Met) into chick hepatocyte
      protein in that the two HMB enzymes can simultaneously convert both HMB isomers
      to L-Met while only one enzyme, D-2-amino acid oxidase, converts D-Met to L-Met.

PMID- 6381671
TI  - Autogenous dermal graft coverage of submerged roots in the dog.
AB  - Dermal grafts were compared with conventional supraperiosteal recipient beds
      grafted with split-thickness skin for covering submerged vital roots in six dogs.
      Several potential advantages of this new technique are suggested.

PMID- 6381673
TI  - Oregon Dental Association Membership Services and Roster 1984-1985.

PMID- 6381672
TI  - Rhabdomyosarcoma of the left mandible.

PMID- 6381674
TI  - Controlling intoxicant use.

PMID- 6381675
TI  - Controlling drug reputations: the case of heroin.

PMID- 6381677
TI  - Developmental antecedents of compulsive drug use: a report on the literature.

PMID- 6381676
TI  - The trusted physician in a humane drug control system.

PMID- 6381678
TI  - Research seminar: physiology of acute renal failure.

PMID- 6381680
TI  - Chronic obstructive airways disease after bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - The clinical course, serial pulmonary function studies, lung histopathologic
      findings, and treatment in two patients after bone marrow transplantation for
      acute monoblastic leukemia or aplastic anemia are presented. The course in one
      patient has been slowly progressive for 2 years and characterized by chronic
      obstructive airways disease and recurrent pneumothoraces. Histopathologic changes
      were nonspecific, characterized by chronic interstitial pneumonitis and
      interstitial fibrosis. In the second patient there was insidious onset of disease
      with increasing dyspnea on exertion and rapid clinical deterioration; he died
      within 4 months of severe obstructive airways disease. Necrotizing bronchitis and
      bronchiolitis characterized the lung findings. Neither patient responded to
      conventional bronchodilator therapy, and prednisone was the only agent to produce
      subjective, though transient, improvement. Symptomatic obstructive airways
      disease associated with chronic graft-versus-host disease is emerging as a
      potentially major cause of morbidity and mortality after marrow transplantation.

PMID- 6381679
TI  - Long-term survival after bone marrow transplantation: a 15-year follow-up report
      of a patient with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.
AB  - In 1968 a 2-year-old boy with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome was extremely ill with
      eczema, a series of life-threatening infections, and repeated hemorrhages into
      his skin, lungs, brain, and other internal organs. He was given high-dose
      cyclophosphamide therapy for immunosuppression, followed by bone marrow cells
      from his histocompatible, healthy sister. In the 15 years since bone marrow
      transplantation, he has had full T cell, partial B cell, and no hematopoietic
      engraftment. He has weathered the usual infectious diseases of childhood, has had
      no serious infections, and despite persistent thrombocytopenia has not had
      serious bleeding episodes.

PMID- 6381681
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation: progress and problems.

PMID- 6381682
TI  - Toxoplasmosis in bone marrow transplant recipients.

PMID- 6381683
TI  - Effects of neoglycoproteins on penetration of Plasmodium falciparum merozoites
      into erythrocytes in vitro.
AB  - Sugars conjugated to bovine serum albumin (neoglycoproteins) were tested for
      their ability to inhibit Plasmodium falciparum merozoite invasion of red blood
      cells in an in vitro inhibition assay. The inhibitory effects of the
      neoglycoproteins on merozoite invasion of erythrocytes were determined by
      assessing 3H-hypoxanthine incorporation into the cultures. The only
      neoglycoprotein that caused significant inhibition N-acetyl-glucosamine-bovine
      serum albumin. A comparison of the inhibitory effects of N-acetyl-glucosamine and
      N-acetyl-glucosamine-bovine serum albumin showed that N-acetyl-glucosamine-bovine
      serum albumin was 84 fold more effective than the free sugar in causing 50%
      inhibition of 3H-hypoxanthine incorporation.

PMID- 6381684
TI  - Investigation of retention potential with regard to partial dentures.

PMID- 6381685
TI  - Overdentures.

PMID- 6381686
TI  - Veneering discolored teeth--part 1. Durafill Microfill restorative system.

PMID- 6381687
TI  - Restorative-periodontal interrelationships. Part 2.

PMID- 6381688
TI  - [Prevention of adsorption of insulin by containers].

PMID- 6381689
TI  - Preformulation method for parenteral preservative efficacy evaluation.
AB  - A method is described for rapidly and reliably evaluating parenteral preservative
      efficacy. Solutions containing antimicrobial preservatives were challenged with
      microorganisms, sampled from 0.5 to 6 h following introduction of the challenge,
      cultured, and counted for surviving microbial cells. Data were analyzed by
      computer according to two models: linear and quadratic. Decimal reduction times
      (D values) were calculated for each microbial challenge in each preservative
      solution. A D value of less than or equal to 2 h for bacteria predicts that the
      preservative system will pass the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) preservative
      efficacy test, a more rigorous test than the USP test. Fourteen preservative
      systems were tested in both neutral isotonic saline solutions and neutral regular
      insulin solutions. D values and correlation coefficients for both models were
      calculated. The ranking of preservative effectiveness in neutral saline solutions
      closely correlated with the results found using neutral regular insulin
      solutions. The most effective preservative systems were found to be 0.3% m-cresol
      and various combinations of m-cresol and phenol. The advantages and limitations
      of this method are discussed.

PMID- 6381690
TI  - Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel quinazolone derivatives.
AB  - Three novel series of 4-oxoquinazoline derivatives were prepared and evaluated as
      potential antimicrobial agents. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of a
      variety of 4-substituted-1-thiosemicarbazides, 3,4-disubstituted thiazolines, and
      3-substituted-5-thiazolidones reveals that the majority possess significant in
      vitro activity against Gram-positive organisms. Some derivatives also exhibited
      antifungal activity.

PMID- 6381691
TI  - Donor-patient relationship in pediatric bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 6381692
TI  - Effects of opioids on accuracy of a fixed-ratio discrimination in monkeys and
      rats.
AB  - In the presence of a stimulus above the center lever, monkeys and rats were
      required to complete one of two fixed-ratios (FRs) on the center lever (FR20 or
      FR40, monkeys; FR8 or FR16, rats). Completion of the ratio turned off the center
      lever stimulus and produced a stimulus above each of the two side levers. If the
      completed ratio was high (e.g., FR40), a response on the left lever produced a
      food pellet. If the ratio was low (e.g., FR20) a response on the right lever
      produced food. Errors produced a brief timeout. In monkeys, d-SKF 10,047 either
      increased slightly or had no effect on response rate on the center lever, whereas
      increasing errors in a dose-related manner. In rats, both dl-SKF 10,047 and
      cyclazocine were found to produce a dose-related decrease in response rate and an
      increase in errors. The putative kappa agonist ethylketocyclazocine produced
      similar effects in both the monkey and rat. At doses that decreased rate of
      responding, accuracy was unaffected, except at the highest dose that virtually
      eliminated responding. Unlike any of the other drugs tested, ethylketocyclazocine
      decreased rate by producing a dose-related pause at the start of the session
      rather than by altering the local rates of responding. In monkeys, the mu
      agonists morphine and methadone produced dose-related decreases in response rate,
      primarily due to sporadic pausing. Across this same range of doses neither drug
      affected errors, except at the high doses in which relatively small increases
      obtained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6381693
TI  - Interactions of epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine and their corresponding
      alpha-methyl-substituted derivatives with alpha and beta adrenoceptors in the
      pithed rat.
AB  - The effects of alpha-methyl substitution of epinephrine, norepinephrine and
      dopamine were investigated at alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1 and beta-2 adrenoceptors
      in the pithed rat. alpha-Methyl substitution of these three phenethylamines
      variably altered their capacity to elicit alpha adrenoceptor-mediated
      vasoconstriction, with slightly enhanced potency being observed for alpha-methyl
      substitution of norepinephrine and dopamine and a marked reduction in potency for
      alpha-methyl substitution of epinephrine. However, in all instances, alpha-methyl
      substitution resulted in a higher selectivity for alpha-2 adrenoceptors (over
      alpha-1 adrenoceptors). Thus, while epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine all
      produced vasoconstriction that was mediated equally by postsynaptic vascular
      alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoceptors, their corresponding alpha-methyl-substituted
      derivatives produced vasoconstriction exclusively by activation of postsynaptic
      vascular alpha-2 adrenoceptors. The beta-1 adrenoceptor-mediated chronotropic
      effects of these phenethylamines were inconsistently affected by alpha-methyl
      substitution, with an increase in potency being observed for alpha-methyl
      substitution of norepinephrine and decreases in potency being observed for alpha
      methyl substitution of epinephrine and dopamine. In marked contrast, alpha-methyl
      substitution of epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine was associated with
      consistent and dramatic increases in potency for beta-2 adrenoceptor-mediated
      vasodepressor activity. These results indicate that alpha-2 and beta-2
      adrenoceptors possess the unique ability to recognize and/or accept alpha-methyl
      substituents on phenethylamines and that this ability is not shared by their
      respective receptor subtypes, the alpha-1 and beta-1 adrenoceptors. Furthermore,
      the results show that alpha-methylepinephrine is a potent beta adrenoceptor
      agonist, with an apparent 500-fold selectivity for beta-2 adrenoceptors over beta
      1 adrenoceptors.

PMID- 6381694
TI  - [Transport of chlorine in the proximal tubule. Its effects on water-electrolyte
      absorption].
AB  - Several studies in rat kidney have established that an appreciable fraction of
      proximal absorption is passive in nature and occurs across the highly conductive
      paracellular pathway. Passive absorption is generally ascribed to the
      transepithelial Cl- distribution, luminal Cl- activity (alpha lCl) being higher
      than plasma Cl- activity (alpha pCl). The inequality alpha lCl greater than alpha
      pCl generates a transepithelial diffusion potential, lumen positive, which taken
      together with the chemical potential differences of Cl- and Na+ across the
      epithelium gives rise to transepithelial electrochemical potential differences
      for Cl- and Na+ favoring their absorption. The alpha lCl greater than alpha pCl
      distribution is traditionally ascribed to preferential bicarbonate absorption. We
      argue that HCO3- absorption alone cannot generate a non equilibrium
      transepithelial Cl- distribution. Other mechanisms are necessary. Our
      measurements in amphibian proximal tubule demonstrate that the intracellular Cl-
      activity, alpha cCl, is higher than the theoretical value predicted for
      equilibrium. This distribution is the result of two basolateral coupled transport
      processes (Cl-/HCO3- exchange and Cl-/Na+ cotransport). It contributes to the
      exit of Cl- from cell to lumen (by passive diffusion and K+/Cl- cotransport),
      yielding alpha lCl values higher than the theoretical value for equilibrium with
      regard to plasma. Thus, a small transcellular flux of Cl- (without solvent)
      proceeds from interstitium to lumen. It compensates the dissipative tendency of a
      much higher paracellular Cl- absorptive flux (in association with water) on the
      transepithelial Cl- gradient. The result is a steady-state luminal Cl-
      distribution above equilibrium, along the major part of the proximal tubule.

PMID- 6381696
TI  - [The outflow and action of the autonomic nerves innervating the digestive tract].

PMID- 6381697
TI  - [Interstitial fluid spaces and lymph circulation].

PMID- 6381695
TI  - Regional blood flows and cardiac hemodynamics in renovascular and
      mineralocorticoid hypertensive rats.
AB  - Regional blood flows and cardiac hemodynamics were studied in 3 models of
      hypertensive rats: one-kidney DOC-saline, one-kidney, one-clip and two-kidney,
      one-clip hypertension and in normotensive control rats. All hypertensive models
      were characterized by increased peripheral vascular resistance and normal cardiac
      output. Coronary and cerebral blood flows varied among the hypertensive models
      but did not significantly differ from the normotensive rats. However, coronary
      blood flow of one-kidney, one-clip rats (8.4 +/- 1.3 ml X min-1 X g-1) was
      significantly higher than that of the two-kidney one-clip rats (6.5 +/- 1.2 ml X
      min.-1 X g-1, P less than 0.05). Cerebral blood flow of DOC-saline rats was lower
      than that of two-kidney one-clip or one-kidney one-clip renovascular rats. Renal
      blood flows of the unclipped kidney of two-kidney renovascular rats (3.77 +/-
      0.85 ml X min-1 X g-1) and DOC-saline rats (2.95 +/- 0.83 ml X min-1 X g-1) were
      significantly lower than those of normotensive rats (5.92 +/- 1.16 ml X min-1 X g
      1, P less than 0.05). In conclusion, although vascular resistance becomes
      elevated in all models of experimental hypertension, regional vascular resistance
      and blood flow distribution may differ depending on the vasoconstrictor
      mechanisms that participate in each model.

PMID- 6381698
TI  - Sanitization of dentures by several denture hygiene methods.
AB  - Denture sanitization is an important element in the treatment of denture
      stomatitis and should be emphasized in instructions to patients. A two-part study
      was designed to compare the efficacy of eight denture-cleaning methods in
      removing and/or killing aerobes, anaerobes, and yeasts on dentures. Part I tested
      the effectiveness of the cleaners on a pure yeast culture of C. albicans. Part II
      tested the various denture sanitization techniques under actual clinical
      conditions. The following conclusions were made from the information obtained in
      this study: Miller's and Kleenite were the most effective sanitizing agents.
      Brushing the denture with soap and water and soaking the denture in the cleaner
      Mersene were effective to a lesser degree. Although Clorox and Calgon was
      effective at killing yeast under in vitro conditions, it was not effective under
      clinical conditions. The other denture cleaners were not found to be effective
      under the clinical conditions of this study for the removal and/or killing of any
      of the three microorganism groups cultured. In the past, the function of denture
      cleaners has been to remove deposits and stains from dentures. With the present
      knowledge of the role of microorganisms in the etiology of denture stomatitis,
      more emphasis should be placed on the ability of denture cleaners to sanitize
      dentures.

PMID- 6381699
TI  - Denture wearing and oral cancer.
AB  - Four hundred patients with oral cancer were studied to determine if there
      appeared to be a risk related to denture wearing. Forty-three percent of the
      group wore dentures, and there seemed to be no correlation between the wearing of
      dentures and any specific cancer site. Furthermore, there was no difference
      between denture and nondenture wearers relative to age, sex, time from first
      signs or symptoms to diagnosis, tumor stage, or tobacco use. In addition, a large
      number of individuals in the general population wear dentures, and carcinomas
      occur infrequently in denture-bearing sites. Other studies have shown no
      difference between denture wearers and control groups in the occurrence of oral
      cancer. Therefore, it does not seem plausable at this time to consider denture
      irritation as a significant carcinogenic aggravating factor.

PMID- 6381700
TI  - Role of muscle function in mandibular prosthetics.
AB  - The various effects of muscle function on mandibular prosthetics have been
      categorized and discussed. For obvious reasons, specifics such as muscle origins
      and insertions have not been included. This has been done most capably in the
      past. Many obvious and superficial facts have been presented to examine the depth
      and pervasiveness of muscle function in mandibular prosthodontic service. A
      similar case can be made for the maxillary denture, but to a lesser degree. The
      dictum of Martone calls attention to the fact that biologically inert prostheses
      are constructed for patients who are in state of minimal functional activity.
      When customary day-to-day activity resumes, those prostheses must serve
      harmoniously with the oral environment into which they are thrust.

PMID- 6381701
TI  - Wear of nonanatomic (monoplane) acrylic resin denture teeth.

PMID- 6381702
TI  - Development and use of water-hardening glass-ionomer luting cements.

PMID- 6381704
TI  - Evaluation of the marginal integrity of ceramometal restorations: Part II.

PMID- 6381703
TI  - Composite and intermediate resin tag formation in acid-etched enamel: a scanning
      electron microscopy evaluation.

PMID- 6381705
TI  - Compressive strengths of conventional, twin foil, and all-ceramic crowns.

PMID- 6381706
TI  - Effective use of current core and post concepts.

PMID- 6381707
TI  - Cast post and core for nonparallel canals.
AB  - A method for fabrication of a cast core with non-parallel tapered posts has been
      presented. This direct method does not require the use of a graphite post to
      preserve the channel for the accessory post during casting.

PMID- 6381708
TI  - Comparison of retentive properties of dowel forms after application of
      intermittent torsional forces.
AB  - Four different forms of cast-gold dowels (round parallel-sided, round parallel
      sided with antirotational keyways, tapered, and ovoid parallel-sided) were
      subjected to intermittent horizontal and vertical rotational forces prior to
      tensile testing. The results of this experiment indicated that ovoid parallel
      sided dowels were the most retentive. Tapered dowels were found to be the least
      retentive. The addition of antirotational features to the round parallel-sided
      dowel did not improve the retentive values. The retentive properties of the round
      parallel-sided dowels, with or without antirotational features, were not
      statistically different from the ovoid parallel-sided dowels. Sandblasting the
      finished castings prior to cementation increased retention.

PMID- 6381709
TI  - Feather-edged or knife-edged preparation and impression technique.

PMID- 6381710
TI  - An alternative resin-bonded restoration.

PMID- 6381711
TI  - Indications and use of the Pin Desmarets attachment.
AB  - The Pin Desmarets attachment is a sophisticated means to connect segments of
      fixed restorations. The attachment possesses the rigidity of a solder joint and
      is also convertible into a removable partial denture attachment without
      disturbing the matrix portion of the restoration.

PMID- 6381712
TI  - Rationale and practical technique for uprighting mesially inclined molars.
AB  - The rationale for uprighting mesially inclined molars has been presented. A
      technique has been described that requires a simple armamentarium and minimally
      impedes oral hygiene.

PMID- 6381713
TI  - History, information, and examination requirements of the American Board of
      Prosthodontics.

PMID- 6381714
TI  - Improved occlusal equilibration of complete dentures by augmenting occlusal
      anatomy of acrylic resin denture teeth.

PMID- 6381715
TI  - Fabrication of accurate baseplates for restricted interarch space.

PMID- 6381716
TI  - An alternative to conventional overdenture attachments with Molloplast-B: a
      technique.
AB  - The use of Molloplast-B within the abutments of mandibular overdentures is an
      easy and inexpensive method for increasing retention and stability of dentures.
      The use of a retentive area prepared in natural tooth structure increases
      retentive capabilities for the overdenture patient. Unlike some silicone denture
      liners, Molloplast-B has shown an inhibitory effect to the growth of Candida
      albicans. Molloplast-B can be used in the conventional overdenture method or as
      described for an immediate overdenture. This type of overdenture can be relined
      easily to adjust for changes in mouth architecture. How well this material will
      retain its shape and consistency needs to be observed.

PMID- 6381717
TI  - Fitting removable partial denture frameworks to the master cast prior to try-in
      appointment.

PMID- 6381718
TI  - Trypanosoma cruzi: quantification and analysis of the infectivity of cloned
      stocks.
AB  - The infection of bovine embryo skin and muscle cells by trypomastigotes of four
      Trypanosoma cruzi clones (CA-I/71, /72, Miranda/76, /80) was quantified. Stable
      and reproducible intra-isolate differences were observed; an almost 70-fold
      difference in infectivity occurred between clones. The CA-I/71 clone was not
      susceptible to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine at a concentration that inhibits the
      infection of vertebrate cells by Ernestina and Y-strain parasites. Eight other
      monosaccharides that are common constituents of vertebrate cell surface
      glycoproteins also failed to inhibit the infection of vertebrate cells by the CA
      I/71 clone.

PMID- 6381719
TI  - Characteristics of cytidine aminohydrolase activity in Trypanosoma cruzi and
      Crithidia fasciculata.
AB  - Cytidine deaminase (cytidine aminohydrolase, 3.5.4.5) is present in Crithidia
      fasciculata (a mosquito parasite) and in Trypanosoma cruzi (a human pathogen).
      The enzyme from C. fasciculata deaminated both cytidine and deoxycytidine, the
      affinity for the former being much lower than the latter. Affinities for both
      substrates are equal for the T. cruzi enzyme. The production of the enzyme in C.
      fasciculata was significantly stimulated by the addition of a number of
      pyrimidine nucleosides (cytidine, uridine, 5-bromouridine, thymidine, orotidine)
      to the culture media. Only cytidine stimulated enzyme production in T. cruzi. The
      enzyme from both organisms was unstable in air, even in the frozen state.
      Stabilization was achieved under anaerobic conditions.

PMID- 6381720
TI  - The carapace of the cancer cell. The Osler oration 1984.

PMID- 6381721
TI  - John Nowell, an Elizabethan Fellow of the College of Physicians.

PMID- 6381722
TI  - Sir Hans Sloane and the Philosophical Transactions.

PMID- 6381723
TI  - Four landmarks of Egyptian cardiology.

PMID- 6381724
TI  - The scholar prince.

PMID- 6381725
TI  - The history of the College library: the eighteen-seventies.

PMID- 6381726
TI  - Royal Naval Hospital Haslar 1940-44.

PMID- 6381727
TI  - A short history of Queen Alexandra's Royal Naval Nursing Service.

PMID- 6381728
TI  - [French Society of Medical Radiology. 1984 Directory. 1st edition].

PMID- 6381729
TI  - Morphometric analysis and function in vivo and in vitro of corpora lutea from
      ewes treated with LHRH during seasonal anoestrus.
AB  - Ovulation was induced by 3 X 30 micrograms LHRH i.v. at 90-min intervals in
      anoestrous Corriedale ewes. Plasma LH surges occurred in all of 31 ewes given
      LHRH, but ovulation occurred in only 16 of these ewes. Luteal weight and plasma
      progesterone concentration were lower in ewes in which ovulation was induced
      during anoestrus than in cyclic control ewes in the breeding season, and when
      data from induced and control ewes were pooled luteal weight was strongly
      correlated with plasma progesterone concentration (r = +0.612, P less than 0.01).
      Five mature corpora lutea (CL) resulting from ovulation induced during anoestrus
      were compared by morphometric methods with 5 CL from cyclic control ewes. When
      data from induced and control CL were pooled, luteal volume was positively
      correlated with total number of cells per CL (r = +0.869, P less than 0.01) but
      negatively correlated with number of cells per mm3 luteal tissue (r = -0.676, P
      less than 0.05), i.e. smaller CL contained fewer cells, but more cells per unit
      volume. Relative numbers of large to small luteal cells, at approximately equal
      to 1:6, were similar in LHRH-induced and cyclic control CL. Large and small
      luteal cells were smaller in induced CL than in control CL, but
      cytoplasmic:nuclear ratio did not differ between induced and control CL. Basal
      and LH-stimulated progesterone production by dispersed luteal cells in vitro were
      lower for CL from LHRH-treated ewes than from controls. However, percentage
      increase in progesterone production in response to LH was not different between
      LHRH-treated and control ewes at any dose rate of LH used. It is concluded that
      the small size of CL induced by LHRH is due primarily to the low numbers and
      small volumes of the luteal cells in these CL, and that subnormal luteal weight
      and subnormal progesterone production per luteal cell contribute to the low
      plasma progesterone concentrations in ewes treated with LHRH during seasonal
      anoestrus.

PMID- 6381730
TI  - Novel amino-substituted 3-quinolinecarboxylic acid antibacterial agents:
      synthesis and structure-activity relationships.
AB  - A series of novel 3-quinolinecarboxylic acid derivatives have been prepared and
      their antibacterial activity evaluated. These derivatives are characterized by
      fluorine attached to the 6-position and substituted amino groups appended to the
      1- and 7-positions. Structure-activity relationship studies indicate that
      antibacterial potency is greatest when the 1-substituent is methylamino and the 7
      substituent is either 4-methyl-1-piperazinyl, 16, or 1-piperazinyl, 21.
      Derivatives 16 and 21, the 1-methylamino analogues of pefloxacin and norfloxacin,
      respectively, show comparable in vitro and in vivo antibacterial potency to these
      two known agents. The activity (vs. Escherichia coli Vogel) of 16 (amifloxacin)
      is the following: in vitro MIC (microgram/mL) = 0.25; in vivo (mice) PD50 (mg/kg)
      = 1.0 (po), 0.6 (sc).

PMID- 6381731
TI  - Synthesis, spectral analysis, and mutagenicity of 1-, 3-, and 6
      nitrobenzo[a]pyrene.
AB  - The mutagenic environmental pollutants 1-, 3-, and 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene were
      synthesized. Nitration of 7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene with sodium nitrate
      in trifluoroacetic acid and acetic anhydride at ambient temperature gave a
      mixture of 1-, 3-, and 6-nitro-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene, which was
      separated by chromatography. Dehydrogenation of the isolated
      nitrotetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrenes with 2,3-dichloro-4,5-dicyano-1,6-benzoquinone
      produced 1-, 3-, and 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene in high yield. Comparison of the
      spectral data of these compounds with those obtained from direct nitration of
      benzo[a]pyrene confirmed that 1- and 3-nitrobenzo[a]pyrenes are indeed the minor
      products of the latter reaction. This confirmation also verifies that 1- and 3
      nitrobenzo[a]pyrene were the minor nitrated products of benzo[a]pyrene formed in
      model air atmospheres. The 1-, 3-, and 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene were mutagenic in
      Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA98 and TA100 in the presence of a
      mammalian microsomal (S9) activating system. Both 1- and 3-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene,
      but not 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene, were also direct-acting mutagens in these strains.
      However, only 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene exhibited weak mutagenic activity when tested
      in Chinese hamster ovary cells, while only 3-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene produced a
      concentration-dependent decrease in cellular survival.

PMID- 6381732
TI  - Synthesis and kinetic studies of protease substrates containing the 1-methyl-6
      aminoquinolinium ion as a fluorogenic leaving group.
AB  - Several sensitive substrates for porcine pancreatic elastase, chymotrypsin, and
      trypsin were prepared that utilize the permanently charged, fluorogenic cation 1
      methyl-6-aminoquinoline (MAQ+) as the leaving group. Kinetic rates for the
      hydrolysis of substrates were determined fluorimetrically and compared with
      analogues having 6-aminoquinoline (6-AQ) as an uncharged leaving group. It was
      found that substrates containing the quaternized leaving group generally have a
      higher kcat/Km ratio. An exception to this trend was noted with a trypsin
      substrate, Bz-DL-Arg-MAQ+. During the course of this investigation, several
      significant advantages of the MAQ+ ion as a fluorogenic leaving group in protease
      substrates were found: (a) its appearance can be measured fluorimetrically using
      wavelengths of light that result in its maximal fluorescence, while under these
      conditions, the unhydrolyzed substrate is essentially nonfluorescent, (b) it
      confers a high degree of water solubility to hydrophobic peptides, thereby
      eliminating the need for organic cosolvents to dissolve substrates, and (c)
      quaternized substrates can be prepared readily and in good yield from the
      corresponding 6-(peptidylamido)quinolines. These positively charged synthetic
      fluorogenic substrates are, therefore, useful probes for investigating the steric
      and electronic properties of the active-site environment of proteolytic enzymes.

PMID- 6381733
TI  - Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonists containing very hydrophobic
      amino acids.
AB  - In a continuation of our studies on the effects of hydrophobic substitutions in
      analogues of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH), we have synthesized
      LH-RH antagonists containing the very hydrophobic amino acid 3-(2-naphthyl)-D
      alanine (D-Nal(2)). The D-Nal(2) substitution was found to be effective when
      incorporated in positions 3 and 6. The most potent analogue containing two D
      Nal(2) residues was [N-Ac-Pro,D-pF-Phe,D-Nal(2)]LH-RH (ED50 = 2.2 micrograms, rat
      antiovulatory assay, propylene glycol-saline vehicle). This analogue also
      demonstrates that the N-Ac-Pro substitution is as effective as the more costly N
      Ac-delta-Pro modification. Analogues containing D-Nal(2) in combination with the
      hydrophilic D-Arg residue in position 6 were prepared. Neither N-Ac-Pro at
      position 1 nor D-Nal(2) at position 3 was effective in combination with D-Arg. N
      Ac-D-Nal(2) at position 1 gave a highly potent antagonist ([N-Ac-D-Nal(2),D-pF
      Phe,D-Trp,D-Arg]LH-RH; ED50 = 2.4 micrograms) that exhibited a prolonged duration
      of action (ED50 = 9.0 micrograms, corn oil vehicle, dosing on diestrus II).

PMID- 6381734
TI  - The use of natural language entry and laser videodisk technology in CAI.
AB  - One reason for the limited use of computer-assisted instruction in medical
      education has been that the writing of lessons often requires complex programming
      skills. Recently developed authoring systems for microcomputers now permit
      teachers unfamiliar with computers to write realistic clinical simulations for
      use in both instruction and evaluation. The authors in this paper describe the
      use of an authoring system which incorporates two important features: student
      interaction with the computer by natural language entry at the keyboard and the
      use of the microcomputer to direct a random-access laser videodisk player. For
      the purpose of evaluation, memory registers are employed to assign scores to
      several aspects of performance and to derive monetary costs for components of
      patient assessment and treatment. Similar registers are used to codify
      instructions for altering the clinical state of the simulated patient. The
      realistic simulations facilitate both problem-based learning and the evaluation
      of several cognitive aspects of clinical competence.

PMID- 6381735
TI  - Implantable power-sources: a review.
AB  - It has now been 25 years since the first pacemakers were implanted. It is indeed
      fascinating to see the breadth and the vision of the early investigators on both
      sides of the ocean, most of them friends of the author, in the almost desperate
      search for a power source that would enable the pacemaker to last as long as the
      expected lifetime of the average patient. Every conceivable method of power
      generation, power storage, and energy conservation was studied. The result was an
      orderly transition from zinc-mercury batteries, to lithium-iodine batteries, to
      the newest lithium oxyhalide systems of the coming decade, all of which coincided
      with tentative sidesteps into rechargeable batteries and nuclear batteries. This
      paper traces this 25 years of progress and salutes the many investigators who
      have brought the implantable pacemaker and its power source to their present
      state of acceptance by the medical profession.

PMID- 6381736
TI  - The Core-Vent implant: an alternative treatment for the edentulous mandible.

PMID- 6381737
TI  - Medical history: Alabama granny midwife.

PMID- 6381738
TI  - Medical history: conversations in medicine.

PMID- 6381739
TI  - Progress in food allergy and food sensitivity.

PMID- 6381740
TI  - Black Americans in medicine.

PMID- 6381741
TI  - Dr. W. Montague Cobb: anatomist, physician, physical anthropologist, editor
      emeritus of the Journal of the National Medical Association, and first black
      president of NAACP.

PMID- 6381743
TI  - Cervical pregnancy: case report and literature review.
AB  - Cervical pregnancy is gaining recognition as a serious complication of early
      pregnancy. In view of the increasing incidence of the condition and the
      formidable therapeutic problems posed, a review of the literature is timely. This
      paper also presents a case report illustrating many of the typical features
      associated with cervical pregnancy.

PMID- 6381744
TI  - Comments on the anniversary of the description of Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 6381742
TI  - Cancer chemotherapy: past, present, and future--Part I.
AB  - Cancer is of major concern today because of its high mortality. It is estimated
      that 66 million people in this country will eventually develop cancer; 1983
      estimates were 855,000 new cases and 440,000 deaths from cancer.Because of
      limitations of surgery and radiation therapy in effecting a cure for cancer,
      chemotherapy has become increasingly important. The developments in the chemical
      control of cancer in man are encouraging.This two-part paper covers the
      historical milestones in the development of the chemical and hormonal control of
      cancer, present successes with the use of polychemotherapy, and the hopeful
      trends in research. Part II will be published in a future issue of this journal.

PMID- 6381745
TI  - Insulin resistance and depressed gluconeogenic capability during early
      hyperglycemic sepsis.
AB  - The present study was performed to determine whether insulin resistance,
      independent of the prevailing hormonal milieu, occurs in the liver during sepsis.
      To determine this, sepsis was produced in rats by cecal ligation and puncture
      (CLP). Six hours later, when the rats were in the early hypermetabolic phase of
      sepsis, the livers were isolated and perfused with Krebs-HCO3 buffer using a
      nonrecirculating system. The effects of various concentrations of insulin on the
      gluconeogenic response to lactate and phenylephrine stimulation were determined.
      In the absence of insulin and phenylephrine, there was no difference in the rates
      of glucose production from lactate between septic and sham-operated rats. The
      gluconeogenic response to phenylephrine stimulation was, however, significantly
      depressed in the livers from septic rats. Addition of 50 microU insulin/ml
      resulted in an inhibition of the phenylephrine-stimulated glucose release from
      livers from sham-operated rats. This inhibition was maximal at 100 microU
      insulin/ml. In contrast, significant inhibition of phenylephrine-stimulated
      glucose release from livers from septic rats was only observed in the presence of
      2,000 microU insulin/ml. These results demonstrate that even during the early,
      hypermetabolic phase of sepsis, depressed hormonally stimulated hepatic
      gluconeogenic capability occurs. In addition, livers from septic rats exhibited a
      resistance to the effects of insulin on gluconeogenesis. This resistance may
      account, at least in part, for accelerated gluconeogenesis in spite of
      hyperinsulinemia in early sepsis.

PMID- 6381746
TI  - Free vascularized fibular graft.
AB  - A case of severe bone and soft-tissue injury of the anterior side of the lower
      leg is presented. Extent of loss of the tibia was 20 cm. Loss of tibia was
      covered with free vascularized fibular graft extended to 26 cm, which appears to
      be the longest ever reported. Repair was successful.

PMID- 6381747
TI  - Freeze-fracture of 2-cell mouse embryos. A new method for fracture of very small
      and scarce biological samples.
AB  - Membrane morphology and development of intercellular junctions in 2-cell mouse
      embryos was studied with freeze-fracture electron microscopy. In order to
      circumvent the dual problem of relative scarcity of samples and their very small
      size (about 50 micrometers per blastomere), both of which made conventional
      microtomy-induced freeze-cleavage impractical, a new protocol for handling 2-cell
      embryos was derived from freeze-fracture procedures established for monolayer
      cultures. Freshly-collected 2-cell embryos were placed within a 2 mm2 area on
      plastic Thermonox or Polystyrene coverslips which had been previously coated with
      0.002% poly-l-lysine. The embryos were then fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde buffered
      to pH 7.3 with sodium cacodylate and containing 0.01% ruthenium red. The embryos
      were washed three times in buffer and then glycerinated. The next day, the 2 mm2
      area of coverslip containing the embryos (75-100) was cut out with a fine
      scalpel, inverted and placed on a drop of Elvanol-glycerol mixture and frozen in
      a slurry of liquid nitrogen-cooled Freon-22. Fracturing was achieved in a Balzers
      BAF 301 Freeze-Etch Unit by positioning the microtome blade underneath a corner
      of the inverted coverslip and raising the knife until the coverslip 'popped off'.
      This procedure left the surface of the Elvanol droplet covered with fractured
      embryos. The exposed tissue was shadowed with platinum and coated with carbon.
      This protocol produces large expanses of blastomere plasma membrane as well as
      cross-fractures of entire blastomeres and 2-cell embryos. The replicas revealed
      blastomeres endowed with a rich assortment of pleomorphic microvilli.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6381748
TI  - Thin section and freeze-fracture studies on the synapses in the ventral nucleus
      of the cat medial geniculate body.
AB  - Ultrastructure of the synapses in the ventral nucleus of the cat medial
      geniculate body was examined with freeze-fracture and thin section techniques.
      Two types of synapses were recognized in this nucleus. One was the asymmetrical
      type such as the afferent nerve fiber to the principal cell dendrite or to the
      process of Golgi type 2 cell. The other was the symmetrical type such as the
      process of Golgi type 2 cell to the principal cell dendrite. These synapses made
      conglomerate on the principal cell dendrite called the glomerulus, which was
      ensheathed by thin sheets of the astroglia and easily recognized by freeze
      fracturing. A random distribution of intramembrane particles (IMP) and synaptic
      vesicle attachment sites were found on the presynaptic P-face of both type
      synapses. Asymmetrical synapses had distinct aggregates of IMP on the
      postsynaptic E-face and the area of IMP aggregates on this face is often larger
      than 0.07 micrometer2. Similar aggregates of IMP occurred on the same face of
      symmetrical synapses. However, the area of IMP aggregates of this type synapses
      is frequently smaller than 0.05 micrometer2. IMP composing the aggregate on the
      postsynaptic E-face showed bimodal distribution in size, having peaks at 10 nm
      and 13 nm in diameter. The ratio of large IMP (13 nm) to the total number of IMP
      increased as the synaptic contact on the postsynaptic membrane widened in area.
      Non-synaptic contacts, having a complex of dense materials and neurofilaments at
      the subjunctional area and being similar to the filamentous contact in the
      lateral geniculate body, were frequently observed on the dendrite of the
      principal cell in thin sections. Clusters of IMP were scattered on the dendritic
      P-face near around the postsynaptic area and may represent the area being
      attached with dense materials of the contacts.

PMID- 6381749
TI  - A unique striated muscle: further morphological and x-ray microanalytical
      investigation of the stapedius muscle of the guinea pig using thin and thick
      cryosections.
AB  - Thin (130-200 nm) and thick (10-16 micrometers) cryosections of stapedius muscle
      of guinea pig were examined by X-ray microanalysis in the scanning- and scanning
      transmission mode of electron microscopy. To further explore the unusual
      elemental composition of stapedius muscle and to evaluate previously used method
      of analysis of thick cryosections cut at -30 degrees C (Wroblewski et al., 1981),
      thin cryosections cut at -100 degrees C were investigated. The ultrastructural
      organisation of stapedius muscle with the centrally located nuclei and the
      mitochondria could be easily recognized in unstained thin cryosections. X-ray
      microanalytical investigations of thin sections revealed nearly the same
      elemental composition of single organelles as results obtained on defined areas
      in thick cryosections. Analysis of mitochondrial matrix. The elements appeared,
      however, at the same ratio (1:1). The P/Ca ratio was approximately 6:1 in the
      nuclei. Myofibrils presented low K and higher Ca concentrations. The levels of
      other elements (P. S. Cl) were close to those found in the quadriceps muscle of
      the guinea pig, rat, or human.

PMID- 6381750
TI  - Participation of cell surface anionic sites in the interaction between
      Trypanosoma cruzi and macrophages.
AB  - Cationized ferritin particles, which bind to cell surfaces, were used to analyse
      the role of cell surface anionic sites during the T. cruzi-macrophage
      interaction. Incubation of bloodstream trypomastigotes of T. cruzi with
      cationized ferritin before the interaction reduced significantly their surface
      charge, measured by determination of the cellular electrophoretic mobility, and
      increased markedly their ingestion by macrophages. The same treatment of cellular
      electrophoretic mobility, and increased markedly their ingestion by macrophages.
      The same treatment of cellular electrophoretic mobility, and increased markedly
      their ingestion by macrophages. The same treatment of epimastigotes interfered
      neither with the surface charge nor with their ingestion by macrophages. These
      results are discussed considering the presence of sialic acid on the surface of
      T. cruzi and the difference of the surface charge existant between epimastigote
      and trypomastigote forms. Incubation of the macrophages with cationized ferritin
      before interaction with T. cruzi markedly reduced the ingestion of epimastigotes
      and increased the ingestion of trypomastigotes. Macrophages labeled at 4 degrees
      C with cationized ferritin and then incubated in the presence of T. cruzi at 37
      degrees C interiorized the anionic sites of the cell surface into endocytic
      vacuoles. However, no cationized ferritin particles were seen in association with
      the membrane of endocytic vacuoles containing parasites. Macrophages incubated at
      37 degrees C in the presence of cationized ferritin or horseradish peroxidase,
      incorporated these proteins into cytoplasmic vacuoles. If these labeled
      macrophages were incubated in the presence of T. cruzi they ingested the
      parasites which could be seen within endocytic vacuoles. Cytoplasmic vacuoles
      labeled with horseradish peroxidase fused with all endocytic vacuoles containing
      T. cruzi. However, no fusion was observed of cytoplasmic vacuoles containing
      cationized ferritin particles with endocytic vacuoles containing parasites. These
      results, together with others reported previously, suggest that during the
      interaction of T. cruzi and macrophages cell surface anionic sites of both, cells
      and parasites, are involved.

PMID- 6381752
TI  - Loxoscelism and necrotic arachnidism.
AB  - The Brown recluse spider has emerged into a potent venomous creature. Loxoscelism
      and necrotic arachnidism is not an infrequent medical problem. Spiders other than
      L. reclusa are capable of inflicting painful and persisting necrotic wounds,
      however, management of the local cutaneous lesions are similar. Systemic
      complications of loxoscelism appear to be characteristic for spiders of the genus
      loxosceles. The authors review an indepth discussion of the spider, venom,
      diagnosis, clinical presentation, laboratory findings, treatment, and prevention.
      The literature on loxoscelism is contradictory because of the individuality of
      the reaction. Experience with many patients is the only guide to management of
      these cases.

PMID- 6381751
TI  - Envenomation by the scorpion Centruroides sculpturatus.
AB  - Envenomation by the scorpion C. sculpturatus can be life threatening. The action
      of the venom is to produce prolonged and excessive firing of neuronal axons which
      results in a wide variety of signs and symptoms. Records of 670 patients
      suffering from scorpion stings in central Arizona in 1982 were reviewed to
      characterize the clinical course of these patients. While adults appear to be
      stung more often than children, children are more likely to develop a severe
      illness requiring intensive supportive care. The intravenous administration of
      specific C. sculpturatus antivenom results in resolution of serious signs and
      symptoms within minutes, with patients completely asymptomatic within 1 1/2
      hours. The administration of antivenom is recommended as the treatment of choice
      for severe envenomations after the initiation of appropriate supportive care.

PMID- 6381753
TI  - Black widow spider bites.
AB  - Black widow spiders (Latrodectus species) are found worldwide. Envenomation of
      humans usually occurs as the result of chance intrusion into the spider's domain
      by the human. The venom is regarded as one of the most potent biologic toxins.
      The venom acts by destabilization of cell membranes and degranulation of nerve
      terminals resulting in the release of neurotransmitters. The clinical picture is
      characterized by painful muscle spasm and hypertension. The very young, the
      elderly or enfeebled, and those with cardiovascular disease are at greatest risk.
      While not always necessary, the most effective treatment is specific antiserum.
      Muscle relaxants, analgesics and intravenous calcium are useful adjuvant
      treatment.

PMID- 6381754
TI  - Reptile envenomations.
AB  - Venomous reptiles are distributed in select habitats in temperate and tropical
      areas of the world with few geographical exceptions, and have adapted to not only
      terrestial existence, but to arboreal and aquatic environments as well. Venomous
      snakes are found in the families Colubridae (fixed and rear fanged snakes),
      Elapidae (fixed and front fang snakes), Hydrophiidae (sea snakes), Viperidae (Old
      World vipers) and Crotalidae (pit vipers). Venomous lizards are found in the
      United States and Mexico, and comprise the family Helodermatidae. Venom delivery
      systems and venom components show diversity, and greater appreciation of
      interspecies clinical effect is apparent in modern literature. First aid care for
      the bitten individual remains controversial, but most authorities now tend to
      minimize field procedures, especially those endeavors which may potentially
      damage tissue. The weight of evidence in the area of definitive therapy lies with
      the use of antivenin, although proponents of primary surgical intervention in
      crotalid envenomations have followings, particularly in the United States. Recent
      developments in "purification" of existing antivenins are promising, and
      attention to species-specific antivenin production, especially to the venoms of
      the crotalid species of the New World, is encouraged. Due to a growing
      international traffic in venomous animals for the purposes of research and supply
      of zoos and private reptile collections, knowledge of resources for assistance in
      bites of non-indigenous reptiles is a growing consideration.

PMID- 6381755
TI  - Envenomations by miscellaneous animals.

PMID- 6381756
TI  - Subcellular localization of glycoproteins encoded by the viral oncogene v-fms.
AB  - The McDonough strain of feline sarcoma virus encodes a polyprotein that is
      cotranslationally glycosylated and proteolytically cleaved to yield transforming
      glycoproteins specified by the viral oncogene v-fms. The major form of the
      glycoprotein (gp120fms) contains endoglycosidase H-sensitive, N-linked
      oligosaccharide chains lacking fucose and sialic acid, characteristic of
      glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Kinetic and steady-state measurements
      showed that most gp120fms molecules were not converted to mature forms containing
      complex carbohydrate moieties. Fixed-cell immunofluorescence confirmed that the
      majority of v-fms-coded antigens were internally sequestered in transformed
      cells. Dual-antibody fluorescence performed with antibodies to intermediate
      filaments (IFs) showed that the IFs of transformed cells were rearranged, and
      their distribution coincided with that of v-fms-coded antigens. No specific
      disruption of actin cables was observed. The v-fms gene products cofractionated
      with IFs isolated from virus-transformed cells and reassociated with IFs self
      assembled in vitro. A minor population of v-fms-coded molecules (gp140fms)
      acquired endoglycosidase H-resistant, N-linked oligosaccharide chains containing
      fucose and sialic acid residues, characteristic of molecules processed in the
      Golgi complex. Some gp140fms molecules were detected at the plasma membrane and
      were radiolabeled by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination of live transformed
      cells. We suggest that v-fms-coded molecules are translated as integral
      transmembrane glycoproteins, most of which are inhibited in transport through the
      Golgi complex to the plasma membrane.

PMID- 6381757
TI  - Calculus formation in renal transplant patients.
AB  - Of 149 renal transplants performed between May 1965 and December 1980 a stapled
      ureteroureterostomy was done in 112 (75 per cent) using a commercially available
      stapling device. Calculus developed in 7 patients (6.3 per cent) in whom this
      technique was used, with the interval between transplantation and calculus
      formation being 13 months to 6 years. We conclude that the stapled
      ureteroureterostomy should be reserved for special instances, such as a short
      donor ureter or when the correction of urological complications demands a rapid
      ureteroureterostomy.

PMID- 6381758
TI  - Prevention of urinary catheter incrustations by acetohydroxamic acid.
AB  - Acetohydroxamic acid was administered in 5 patients to determine its effect in
      reducing urinary catheter incrustations. All patients had chronic indwelling
      catheters that required frequent changes because of severe incrustations and
      catheter occlusion. Incrustations were analyzed chemically for calcium,
      magnesium, ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus. The degree of incrustation before and
      during acetohydroxamic acid therapy was compared in each patient and was
      decreased significantly (average 81 per cent) during therapy (p less than 0.05).
      Catheter changes were required less frequently during therapy in all patients.
      Acetohydroxamic acid is effective in preventing catheter incrustations and should
      be considered in patients with this problem.

PMID- 6381759
TI  - Diuretic radionuclide localization of upper urinary tract obstruction.
AB  - In 59 children with proved upper urinary tract obstruction diuretic radionuclide
      ureteral scans provided an accurate assessment of ureteral dilatation sufficient
      to distinguish ureteropelvic from ureterovesical obstruction. As a result, this
      test may be used instead of more invasive studies, such as retrograde or
      antegrade pyelography, to determine the site of obstruction in many cases of
      hydronephrosis.

PMID- 6381760
TI  - Urinary tract infection in boys.
AB  - Considerable literature exists regarding the evaluation and treatment of children
      with urinary tract infection yet little has been reported solely about boys. We
      reviewed retrospectively 83 boys who were seen after an initial urinary tract
      infection. Fever was the most common presenting sign (50 per cent) and the most
      common organisms encountered were of the gram-positive group of bacteria.
      Escherichia coli accounted for only 21 per cent of the infections. Of the boys 75
      per cent (62 patients) had an anatomic abnormality, most commonly vesicoureteral
      reflux, although more than 25 per cent of our patients had obstructive lesions.
      Renal scarring was present in half and 58 per cent required early surgical
      intervention. Urinary tract infection seems to have a higher morbidity in boys
      and the finding of an atypical organism is to be expected. Based on our findings,
      we strongly recommend an excretory urogram and a voiding cystourethrogram as the
      minimal evaluation of boys following an initial urinary tract infection.

PMID- 6381761
TI  - Kidney transplantation from an anencephalic baby: a case report.
AB  - We report on a child in whom kidneys from an anencephalic neonate were
      transplanted. The transplanted kidneys were rejected after they had been
      functioning well for 2 months.

PMID- 6381762
TI  - Long term protection in bladder cancer following intralesional immunotherapy.
AB  - Despite effective treatment of existing tumors, patients with bladder cancer
      remain at risk of developing new tumors. Effective immunotherapy may lower that
      risk. To test this hypothesis, mice that had survived transitional cell carcinoma
      (MBT2) transplantation with the aid of bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy
      were randomized and tested for long term protective immunity against bladder
      carcinoma. Fifty-one tumor-free mice that had survived tumor challenge 10 to 15
      months previously were randomized into 3 groups to receive intradermal tumor
      .noculation and intraperitoneal levamisole, intralesional Tice strain bacillus
      Calmette-Guerin, or intralesional saline. Fifteen previously unchallenged animals
      also received tumor and intralesional saline. All 3 groups of survivors had less
      tumor growth (p less than 0.01) than nonsurviving controls. Even among survivors,
      additional bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunization, but not levamisole treatment,
      significantly inhibited tumor growth (p less than 0.01). A 2nd experiment
      compared 22 nonimmune mice, 21 mice preimmunized intravenously with 300
      micrograms of bacillus Calmette-Guerin cell walls, and 18 mice that had survived
      MBT2 by 8 months after live bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment. Nonimmune and
      survivor groups were randomly subdivided into saline or treatment groups. Cell
      wall-preimmunized mice were divided into matching groups according to footpad
      response to purified protein derivative. The cell-wall preimmunized and nonimmune
      mice received the immunostimulant P3+Re-glycolipid or the carrier solution alone.
      The group of survivors received either intralesional saline or live bacillus
      Calmette-Guerin. Both bacillus Calmette-Guerin and saline-treated groups had
      significantly less tumor growth (p less than 0.001) than nonsurviving controls.
      Animals treated with P3-Re-glycolipid (with or without preimmunization with cell
      wall) did not differ from nonsurviving control. Footpad response to purified
      protein derivative did not correlate with tumor growth in these mice. Our results
      suggest that intralesional bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy can afford long
      term protection from transplanted bladder cancer, and that live bacillus Calmette
      Guerin is superior to levamisole and P3 + Re-glycolipid + bacillus Calmette
      Guerin cell walls in the treatment of bladder cancer.

PMID- 6381763
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging in urology.

PMID- 6381764
TI  - The combined prostatectomy.
AB  - A modified method of suprapubic-retropubic prostatectomy is described. This
      technique appears to offer several advantages over other open methods of
      prostatectomy. Dissection anterior and lateral to the surgical capsule is
      minimal. Simultaneous access to the lumen of the expanded prostatic urethra,
      vesical neck and bladder permits inspection of all areas and establishes nearly
      complete hemostasis. Corrective procedures at the vesical neck are accomplished
      easily, additional suprapubic transvesical drainage is unnecessary and closure of
      the prostatic urethra is simplified. Three-fourths of our patients were
      discharged from the hospital 8 days postoperatively. The amount of blood loss,
      mortality and morbidity were extremely low.

PMID- 6381765
TI  - The diagnosis and management of renal inflammatory processes in children.
AB  - Renal inflammatory processes in children often present a diagnostic and
      therapeutic dilemma. Since the advent of improved diagnostic imaging techniques
      these lesions can be appreciated and defined better. An analysis of 12 children
      with renal inflammatory lesions treated at our institution clearly outlines the
      pathological spectrum of these lesions and provides a format for their diagnosis
      and management.

PMID- 6381767
TI  - Hypertension and unilateral hydronephrosis.
AB  - We report 2 cases of hypertension associated with unilateral hydronephrosis.
      Lateralization of renal vein renins and exaggerated hyperreninemia following
      captopril suggested renin-mediated hypertension in 1 case, which responded well
      to nephrectomy.

PMID- 6381766
TI  - The case for immediate pyeloplasty in the neonate with ureteropelvic junction
      obstruction.
AB  - The 99mtechnetium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid renal scan allows
      differentiation of ureteropelvic junction obstruction from multicystic kidney in
      most instances. Although renal function usually will improve at least a little
      after relief of obstruction, the young infant is privileged and more improvement
      can be expected than occurs usually in older children. Since an operation is as
      safe and results of pyeloplasty are as good in the neonate as in older infants or
      children early correction of ureteropelvic junction obstruction is advocated in
      otherwise healthy infants as soon as the diagnosis is established.

PMID- 6381768
TI  - Torsion of the contralateral testis 5 years after orchiopexy.
AB  - We report a case of spermatic cord torsion in the contralateral testicle 5 years
      after surgical fixation. Since diagnosis of such a lesion is difficult a high
      degree of suspicion is necessary. If torsion is suspected exploration is
      mandatory. We strongly recommend the use of a nonabsorbable reaction-producing
      suture (for example silk) when an orchiopexy is performed, with the point of
      fixation being between the visceral tunica vaginalis and the dartos muscle.

PMID- 6381769
TI  - Ureaplasma urealyticum-induced crystallization of magnesium ammonium phosphate
      and calcium phosphates in synthetic urine.
AB  - Crystallization of struvite and calcium phosphates was studied in vitro as
      encrustations on glass rods immersed in synthetic urine, to evaluate the
      crystallization capacity of Ureaplasma urealyticum and compare it with that of
      known urease and non-urease-producing bacteria. Inoculation of the synthetic
      urine with Ureaplasma urealyticum resulted in alkalinization of the synthetic
      urine and crystallization of struvite and brushite. Inoculation with Proteus
      mirabilis caused a faster and more pronounced alkalinization as well as
      crystallization of struvite and apatite. The alkalinization and crystallization
      caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum and Proteus mirabilis was completely prevented
      by acetohydroxamic acid, a potent urease inhibitor, linking the crystallization
      to the urease activity of the microorganisms. When the synthetic urine was
      inoculated with urease-negative Escherichia coli no alkalinization and no
      crystallization were seen.

PMID- 6381771
TI  - Hubert H. Humphrey.

PMID- 6381770
TI  - A randomized trial of exercise training in patients with coronary heart disease.
AB  - In order to determine whether or not regular exercise could alter myocardial
      perfusion or function, we randomized 146 male volunteers with stable coronary
      heart disease to either a supervised exercise program (n = 72) or to a usual care
      program (n = 74). Subjects underwent exercise tests initially and one year later.
      Significant differences between the two groups included improved aerobic
      capacity, thallium ischemia scores, and ventricular function in the exercise
      intervention group. It was not possible to classify the conditions of patients as
      to the likelihood of improvement or deterioration. This study demonstrated
      changes in myocardial perfusion and function in a select group of middle-aged men
      with coronary heart disease who underwent a medically appropriate exercise
      program lasting one year, but these changes were relatively modest.

PMID- 6381772
TI  - Meyer Friedman: type A behavior cardiovascular research continues. Interview by
      Nancy Yanes Hoffman.

PMID- 6381773
TI  - Distribution of Medicare payments.

PMID- 6381774
TI  - James Franck and Gustav Hertz.

PMID- 6381776
TI  - Medical education programs sponsored by government agencies.

PMID- 6381775
TI  - Moxalactam therapy for neonatal meningitis due to gram-negative enteric bacilli.
      A prospective controlled evaluation.
AB  - Moxalactam and ampicillin sodium therapy were compared with amikacin sulfate and
      ampicillin therapy for meningitis due to gram-negative enteric bacilli in 63
      infants enrolled in the Third Neonatal Meningitis Cooperative Study. The
      population characteristics and causative organisms were comparable for the two
      treatment groups. Cultures of CSF were positive for approximately three days in
      both study groups. Case-fatality rates were 23% and 15% for moxalactam-treated
      infants and ampicillin- and amikacin-treated infants, respectively. Developmental
      or neurological abnormalities were found in about 40% of survivors, and the rates
      were comparable for both treatment groups. Computed tomograms in 44 infants were
      interpreted as normal in 13 (30%); hydrocephalus, abscesses, and low-density
      areas were the most frequent abnormalities. We conclude that moxalactam is a
      suitable alternative for treatment of meningitis due to gram-negative enteric
      bacilli.

PMID- 6381777
TI  - Multicenter study evaluates 'tight control' in diabetes.

PMID- 6381778
TI  - Captopril and pericarditis.

PMID- 6381780
TI  - Officers and members of the House of Delegates of the American Medical
      Association.

PMID- 6381779
TI  - Captopril and increased serum potassium levels.

PMID- 6381781
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Salmonellosis from inadequately pasteurized milk--Kentucky.

PMID- 6381782
TI  - High level of plasma inactive renin in Bartter's syndrome.
AB  - In 10 cases of Bartter's syndrome, plasma active and inactive renin (AR and IR)
      were measured by two different methods. First, plasma renin activity (PRA), and
      total renin activity (TRA) after activating IR with trypsin, were measured by
      radioimmunoassay (RIA) of angiotensin I (AI) generated from endogenous substrate.
      And secondly, plasma active renin concentration (ARC) and total renin
      concentration (TRC) were measured by RIA of AI generated in the presence of an
      excess of exogenous substrate. The difference between TRA and PRA, and between
      TRC and ARC were designated as inactive renin activity (IRA) and inactive renin
      concentration (IRC), respectively. Small amounts of IRA were found only in 2
      cases and no IRA in 8 cases. However, the existence of large amounts of IR in
      Bartter's syndrome was revealed by the IRC determination. This suggests that the
      shortage of endogenous renin substrate, consumed by the markedly increased AR,
      may have interfered with the detection of IRA in Bartter's syndrome, though the
      IR is markedly increased as well. The molecular weights of AR and IR were
      determined by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration in 3 cases. Both AR and IR seemed to
      be smaller than those of normal subjects.

PMID- 6381783
TI  - [A study on the effects of preanesthetic medication. Comparison of buprenorphine,
      pentazocine and placebo with hydroxyzine and atropine].

PMID- 6381784
TI  - [Clinical study of miconazole in deep-seated fungal infections].
AB  - We administered miconazole to patients with deep-seated fungal infections, to
      investigate into the clinical and mycological responses to the drug and also into
      its clinical safety. We also looked into the responses of amphotericin B (AMPH),
      flucytosine (5-FC) and the combination of the 2 drugs to deep mycoses in the past
      10 years, for retrospective comparison of the findings achieved in the treatment
      with miconazole. A clinical response rate of 85% (29/34 patients) was achieved in
      the treatment of deep-seated fungal infections with miconazole. Mycologically, a
      fungus eradication rate of 79% (22/28 patients) and a fungus decrease rate of 11%
      (3/28) were achieved with the miconazole treatment, comparison of the response to
      miconazole alone and that to AMPH alone revealed that the former was
      significantly preferable. Side effects of miconazole were observed in 23% of the
      treated patients (15/66). Statistical analysis of the incidence of side effects
      of miconazole and that of AMPH showed that the former was significantly lower.

PMID- 6381785
TI  - Evidence for the role of kinins in the acute antihypertensive effect of captopril
      in low-renin hypertension.
AB  - In low-renin hypertensive patients, the acute effect of the angiotensin I
      converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, was evaluated in relation to the response
      of plasma bradykinin (PBK) levels as a parameter of its inhibitory effect on
      kininase II. Captopril significantly lowered the blood pressure and increased PBK
      levels. While there was no significant relationship between the reduction of
      blood pressure and pretreatment plasma renin activity, a significant correlation
      was observed between the antihypertensive effect of captopril and changes in PBK
      (r = -0.834, p less than 0.01, n = 10). Furthermore, in a patient with primary
      aldosteronism and, also, in a patient with glucocorticoid responsive
      hyperaldosteronism, captopril increased plasma PBK with reduction of the blood
      pressure. It is likely, therefore, that in low-renin hypertension, the
      vasodepressor effect of acute converting enzyme inhibition is due mainly to kinin
      accumulation rather than inhibition of angiotensin II formation.

PMID- 6381786
TI  - [Myelotoxicity due to cancer chemotherapy with special reference to autologous
      bone marrow transplantation].
AB  - In order to know the myelotoxicity due to combination cancer chemotherapy, the
      hematologic changes in 15 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) treated with
      combination chemotherapy using adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine and
      prednisolone (ACOP protocol) were observed. From this study, it was confirmed
      that neutrophil leukocyte depletion is one of the most important dose-limiting
      factors of combination cancer chemotherapy. Our experience of autologous bone
      marrow transplantation for 15 patients with malignant tumors, such as NHL, small
      cell lung cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, clearly demonstrated that
      cryopreserved autologous bone marrow cells can rescue cancer patients from marrow
      lethal doses of drugs and irradiation and thus prompts us to establish a new
      protocol to eradicate tumor cells.

PMID- 6381787
TI  - [A case of adult T-cell leukemia induced to remission with total body
      irradiation].

PMID- 6381788
TI  - [Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia. A comparison of bone marrow transplantation with conventional
      chemotherapy].

PMID- 6381789
TI  - Pathogenesis and treatment of aplastic anemia.

PMID- 6381790
TI  - [Prevention of hemorrhagic cystitis due to cyclophosphamide for conditioning of
      bone marrow transplantation].

PMID- 6381791
TI  - [A case of aplastic anemia treated by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
      using immunoadsorbent for major ABO incompatibility].

PMID- 6381792
TI  - [A case of post-hepatitic severe aplastic anemia treated with allogeneic bone
      marrow transplantation].

PMID- 6381794
TI  - [Current status of infectious diseases].

PMID- 6381793
TI  - [Pulmonary aspergillosis associated with endocarditis and cerebral embolism in a
      case of acute myeloblastic leukemia].

PMID- 6381795
TI  - [Future development of antibiotics. 5. Macrolide antibiotics].

PMID- 6381796
TI  - [Future of antibiotic therapy in various fields of medicine. 1. Internal
      medicine. a. Septicemia].

PMID- 6381797
TI  - [Future of antibiotic therapy in various medical fields. 1. Internal medicine. b.
      Respiratory tract infections].

PMID- 6381798
TI  - [Future of antibiotic therapy in various medical fields. 1. Internal medicine. c.
      Biliary tract infections].

PMID- 6381799
TI  - [Future of antibiotic therapy in various fields of medicine. 2. Surgery. b.
      Prophylactic administration of antibiotics].

PMID- 6381800
TI  - [Future of antibiotic therapy in various fields of medicine. 4. Pediatrics].

PMID- 6381801
TI  - [Future of antibiotic therapy in various fields of medicine. 5.
      Otorhinolaryngology].

PMID- 6381802
TI  - [Future of antifungal and antiviral agents. 1. Antifungal agents].

PMID- 6381803
TI  - [Drug resistance of bacteria--the present status and future prospect. 3.
      Haemophilus influenzae].

PMID- 6381804
TI  - [Drug resistance of bacteria--the current status and future prospect. 4.
      Serratia].

PMID- 6381805
TI  - [Trends in clinical genetics].

PMID- 6381806
TI  - [Biochemistry of the connective tissue].

PMID- 6381807
TI  - [Structure and functions of fibroblasts].

PMID- 6381808
TI  - [Fibronectin].

PMID- 6381809
TI  - [Brain amines--a neuro-endocrinological view].

PMID- 6381810
TI  - [Aging and endocrinologic tests].

PMID- 6381811
TI  - [Calcium controlling hormones and endocrinological tests].

PMID- 6381812
TI  - [Lactate dehydrogenase].

PMID- 6381813
TI  - [Pathophysiological analysis of human serum pseudocholinesterase using a personal
      computer network].

PMID- 6381814
TI  - [Historical notes on the Japanese Journal of Clinical Pathology (the Rinsho
      Byori)].

PMID- 6381815
TI  - [Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder--immuno-histochemical
      investigation on myoglobin].

PMID- 6381816
TI  - [Digital subtraction pulmonary angiography].

PMID- 6381817
TI  - [IgA deposits on the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded skin section of a patient
      with dermatitis herpetiformis by means of the PAP technique].

PMID- 6381818
TI  - [Xanthoma disseminatum--differentiation from histiocytosis X with
      immunohistochemical demonstration of S100 protein, lysozyme and NCA].

PMID- 6381819
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopic observations of bullous diseases].

PMID- 6381820
TI  - Effects of immunostimulants on the in vitro generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes
      against cervical cancer cell lines.
AB  - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were sensitized in vitro against cervical
      cancer cell lines and the effect of immunostimulants, such as BCG, streptococcal
      preparation (OK-432), yeast cell wall, and Concanavalin A, on the generation of
      cytotoxic lymphocytes was examined. The cytotoxic activity of sensitized
      lymphocytes was augmented by the addition of OK-432 (0.01 KE/ml) during in vitro
      sensitization, but the induction of sensitized lymphocytes was inhibited by the
      addition of yeast cell wall (10 micrograms/ml). When the lymphocytes from
      cervical cancer patients free from tumor after surgical operation were stimulated
      on the autologous tumor cell monolayer, the cytotoxic lymphocytes could be
      generated. In vitro primed lymphocytes could be reactivated following the
      stimulation with OK-432 (0.01 KE/ml) for 48 hr and the requirement for a
      proliferative trigger seems to be important for the in vitro generation of
      cytotoxic lymphocytes. The role of nonspecific stimulation by LD-like products in
      the in vitro generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes was discussed.

PMID- 6381821
TI  - Effect of stimulation and blockade of mononuclear phagocyte system on the
      treatment of microfilaremia of Litomosoides carinii in the cotton rat and the
      jird.
AB  - The role of mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) in the effect of
      diethylcarbamazine (DEC) for clearing microfilariae of Litomosoides carinii from
      the blood stream was studied in the cotton rat and the jird, using
      diethylstilbestrol (DES) for the stimulation of MPS and carrageenan (CGN) for the
      blockade of MPS. The level of microfilaremia was not influenced by administration
      of DES subcutaneously or CGN intraperitoneally, indicating that the circulating
      microfilariae in naturally infected animals were affected neither by the
      activation nor suppression of MPS. DEC-mediated clearance of microfilariae in the
      cotton rat was remarkably enhanced by the activation of MPS. Unlike the cotton
      rat, microfilaricidal effect of DEC in the jird was not influenced by
      pretreatment with DES. This result corresponds to the fact that the phagocytic
      activity of MPS was enhanced by DES in the cotton rat, but not in the jird. On
      the other hand, although the phagocytic activity of MPS was depressed by CGN in
      the cotton rat, there was no distinct change in the effect of DEC both in the
      cotton rat and the jird by pre-treatment with CGN, suggesting that CGN-mediated
      blockade of MPS was a transient phenomenon.

PMID- 6381823
TI  - [Studies on histopathology of pancreas in portal hypertension].

PMID- 6381822
TI  - [Studies on the introduction of 75g oral glucose tolerance test in various liver
      diseases].

PMID- 6381824
TI  - [40Hz and 60Hz system for the human brain--dominance of right and left cerebral
      hemispheres in auditory perception].

PMID- 6381825
TI  - [Image processing techniques--focus on software. 2. Hardware and software for
      image data processing. (1). NMR].

PMID- 6381827
TI  - [Image processing techniques--focus on software. 2. Hardware and software for
      image data processing. 2) Digital radiography].

PMID- 6381826
TI  - [Modern biomedical polymers].

PMID- 6381828
TI  - [Image processing techniques--focus on software. 2. Hardware and software for
      image data processing. 3. Digital fluorography].

PMID- 6381830
TI  - Transformation of blood group antigens and release of amino acids induced by
      dispase treatment.

PMID- 6381831
TI  - [History of the abdominal binder. 4. Use of the abdominal binder by pregnant
      women: views by foreigners and opposition to its use].

PMID- 6381829
TI  - [Cell fusion and genetic recombination].

PMID- 6381833
TI  - [Comparison of effects of two angiotensin II antagonists on blood pressure, heart
      rate, plasma renin activity, and plasma aldosterone concentration in the same
      hypertensive patients].

PMID- 6381832
TI  - [Dopaminergic modulation of salt sensitivity in essential hypertension].

PMID- 6381834
TI  - [Effect of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor (captopril) on blood
      pressure and bradykinin in patients with excessive aldosterone secretion].

PMID- 6381836
TI  - [Leukemia therapy with bone marrow transplantation].

PMID- 6381835
TI  - [Urinary extravasation diagnosed by the delayed image of 99mTc-DTPA renal
      scintigraphy. Case report].

PMID- 6381838
TI  - Shock secondary to massive honeybee toxin.

PMID- 6381839
TI  - Snakebite by a pigmy rattlesnake.

PMID- 6381837
TI  - Enterovirus 70 acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis--sporadic cases.
AB  - Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) has been reported in epidemics. This is a
      report of 29 sporadic cases of AHC recorded over a period of two years after the
      1981 epidemic in and around Chandigarh. A rapid and simple immunofluorescence
      test was developed and standardized in our Institute for the diagnosis of AHC. It
      was used for epidemiological monitoring of cases and to establish the diagnosis
      in suspected cases of AHC reporting after the epidemic. The clinical picture of
      epidemic and sporadic cases is compared.

PMID- 6381840
TI  - Iowa emergency medical services law: EDNA involved in legislative process.

PMID- 6381841
TI  - Role of the ED nurse in health care-based hostage incidents.

PMID- 6381842
TI  - Mushroom poisoning.

PMID- 6381843
TI  - Advances in cardiac life support: role of diastolic pressure.

PMID- 6381844
TI  - Must emergency departments try to save every life?

PMID- 6381845
TI  - Glossary of psychiatric terms.

PMID- 6381846
TI  - Primary trauma survey and immediate intervention with the use of the mnemonic
      ABC4.

PMID- 6381847
TI  - Naloxone: a study of its use in shock.

PMID- 6381848
TI  - ED nursing progress notes.

PMID- 6381849
TI  - Missed trauma in the emergency department.

PMID- 6381850
TI  - Analyzing communication patterns between an ED manager and staff members.

PMID- 6381851
TI  - Emergency nurses spearhead innovative prevention program.

PMID- 6381852
TI  - A new human breast carcinoma cell line (PMC42) with stem cell characteristics.
      III. Hormone receptor status and responsiveness.
AB  - PMC42 is a new human breast carcinoma cell line. In this report the content of
      estrogen, progesterone, and glucocorticoid receptors in PMC42 has been
      determined. The estrogen receptor content (1,750 cytoplasmic sites and 350
      nuclear sites) was lower than that described for MCF7 and T47D. The cells would
      not proliferate in serum-free medium without the addition of beta-estradiol
      (optimum concentration 10(-8) M) or progesterone (5 X 10(-8) M). The addition of
      both hormones induced a more than additive increase in proliferation (P less than
      .005, n = 18). Similarly, addition of insulin or hydrocortisone induced
      proliferation; however, in this case, the effect of the hormones together was
      only additive. The addition of tamoxifen (10(-6) M) led to a significant decrease
      in cell numbers and inhibited the stimulatory effects of 10(-8) M beta-estradiol.

PMID- 6381853
TI  - Characterization of oral streptococci that activate the dietary glycoside rutin
      to a mutagen.
AB  - Oral streptococci are described that hydrolyze the dietary glycoside rutin (CAS:
      153-18-4), resulting in mutagenic activity. Bacteria that hydrolyze rutin were
      isolated from the mouth of each of 10 healthy volunteers. The activity was
      inducible, and the product was mutagenic in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay.
      These bacteria were present in the greatest proportion on the dorsum of the
      tongue where they formed 1.5% of the total cultivable microflora. The appearance
      of the colonies, cell morphology, and biochemical characteristics were those of
      Streptococcus milleri. However, rutin hydrolysis did not occur with any of 30
      isolates of this species from blood of patients with bacteremia, with any of 4
      stock strains, or with any of 14 strains of streptococci from the other 4 major
      oral species. Therefore, activation of rutin to a mutagen is not a universal
      function of the normal oral flora, but it can be accomplished by some strains of
      S. milleri.

PMID- 6381854
TI  - A functional role for the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism.
AB  - Ever increasing evidence exists that the tubuloglomerular feedback system exerts
      a major influence on overall renal function. Several examples are potentially
      pertinent to clinical medicine in which there is reasonable evidence that
      activation or suppression of tubuloglomerular feedback mechanisms contribute
      significantly to alterations in normal renal physiology. However, in most
      examples reported, the feedback mechanism is one of several influences acting in
      concert to determine the final nephron filtration rate, its respective
      determinants, and the relationship of filtration to the rate of tubular
      reabsorption. A more complete understanding of all the factors which influence
      and modify the functional role of tubuloglomerular feedback mechanisms will aid
      our understanding significantly and the consequent therapy of a variety of
      altered physiologic conditions.

PMID- 6381855
TI  - Binding of platelet factor four (PF 4) to glomerular polyanion.
AB  - Synthetic polycations have been shown to bind to glomerular polyanion (GPA) and
      increase glomerular permeability. Here, we show that human platelet factor 4 (PF
      4), a platelet secretory protein, binds to GPA. The following methods were used
      to assess PF 4 binding to GPA: (1) Sections of human and rat renal cortex were
      incubated with PF 4 or PF 4 was injected intravenously into rats followed by
      immunofluorescence techniques; (2) 125I-PF 4 was added to isolated glomerular
      basement membrane (GBM) suspensions and binding assessed isotopically; (3) PF 4
      was perfused through rat kidneys ex vivo followed by immunoperoxidase methods for
      electron microscopy (EM). In vitro and in vivo, PF 4 bound to the mesangium and
      linearly to capillary walls. Isotopic studies showed dose-dependent saturable
      binding of PF 4 to GBM which was reversed by heparin. By EM, PF 4 binding sites
      were resolved in the GBM, particularly in the laminae rarae as punctate densities
      similar in distribution to anionic sites revealed by cationic dyes. Also,
      endothelial and epithelial cell surfaces stained. An ionic interaction between PF
      4 and GPA was indicated by elimination of staining by washing PF 4-treated
      sections with buffer containing 1.0 and 3.0 M NaCl or with heparin. Pretreatment
      of rats with polyethyleneimine (a synthetic polycation) blocked PF 4 binding.
      Heparin administration in vivo removed previously bound PF 4. By virtue of its
      affinity for GPA and behavior like a polycation, PF 4 may alter glomerular
      permeability and play a role in glomerular disease.

PMID- 6381856
TI  - Successful strategies for renal transplantation in primary oxalosis.
AB  - Eleven patients, aged 6 months to 47 years, with renal failure due to primary
      oxalosis, received renal allografts and were followed for 1 to 9 years. A
      specialized strategy for medical management included intensive pre-transplant
      hemodialysis and post-transplant long-term diuresis, administration of neutral
      phosphate, Mg++, and pyridoxine. Seven of ten living-related (LRD) transplants
      have good renal function, six with no biopsy evidence of renal oxalate deposition
      at up to 7 years after transplant. Two LRD graft losses from recurrent oxalosis,
      accompanied by massive secondary oxalate deposits, occurred in patients following
      endstage renal failure for over 3 years. A third LRD graft loss occurred
      following long-term (6 month) peritoneal dialysis in an infant. One cadaver
      transplant recipient has survived with recurrent oxalosis and poor graft function
      for 9 years. It is possible to perform successful renal transplantation in small
      children and adults with primary oxalosis and to completely prevent the
      deposition of oxalate in the renal allograft. Renal transplantation, with a
      strict medical protocol, would appear to be the initial treatment of choice for
      renal failure due to primary oxalosis.

PMID- 6381857
TI  - Hypertension and proteinuria: long-term sequelae of uninephrectomy in humans.
AB  - Renal function and blood pressure were assessed in 52 renal allograft donors 10
      years or more following uninephrectomy, and their current function compared to
      their pre-uninephrectomy function as well as to age- and sex-matched control
      subjects consisting of inpatient potential renal donors and a normal "outpatient"
      population. The results show no significant deterioration in renal function as
      determined by serum creatinine or creatinine clearance, as a function of years
      post-uninephrectomy or age at the time of donation. A higher incidence of
      proteinuria and hypertension was found in male donors as compared to their pre
      uninephrectomy values and to age- and sex-matched, inpatient and outpatient
      control subjects. Female donors had increased proteinuria when compared to pre
      uninephrectomy and to age-matched, inpatient potential donors. However, the
      extent of proteinuria and hypertension was not significantly different from
      outpatient age-matched females with two kidneys. In our population,
      uninephrectomy is associated with mild proteinuria and hypertension.

PMID- 6381858
TI  - Elimination kinetics of captopril in patients with renal failure.
AB  - Captopril kinetics were determined after a 100-mg oral dose of 14C-captopril in
      21 patients with various degrees of renal impairment. Elimination kinetics of
      captopril were evaluated by model-independent methods. The body clearance (ClB)
      of captopril decreased steadily with decreasing creatinine clearance (ClCr) from
      5.2 ml/min/kg for mild renal failure patients to 1.6 ml/min/kg for hemodialysis
      patients during an interdialytic period. In patients with mild renal impairment,
      renal and nonrenal clearances of captopril averaged 2.2 and 3.0 ml/min/kg,
      respectively, and fell (P less than 0.001) to 0.2 and 1.5 ml/min/kg in patients
      with severe renal impairment. There were no significant differences in the extent
      of total cumulative excretion (fecal plus urinary) of radioactivity over a 96- to
      120-hr period between the patients with mild, moderate, and severe renal
      impairment. The 48-hr renal excretion of captopril averaged 29, 21, and 8% of the
      dose in the mild, moderate, and severe renally impaired groups. In five
      additional hemodialysis patients, the mean dialyzer clearance of captopril
      averaged 120 ml/min. Approximately 35% of the dose was recovered in the 4-hr
      dialysate. Based on the above findings, a reduction in the dose of captopril is
      necessary in patients with renal failure.

PMID- 6381859
TI  - A technique to reduce fixation artifacts to kidney proximal tubules.

PMID- 6381860
TI  - [Postoperative eventrations in appendicular peritonitis in children].

PMID- 6381861
TI  - [Complications of foreign body aspiration in children].

PMID- 6381862
TI  - [Therapeutic procedure in splenic trauma in children].

PMID- 6381863
TI  - [Legal regulation of the medical experiment].

PMID- 6381864
TI  - [Gastric secretion and the gastrin and insulin content of the blood of duodenal
      peptic ulcer patients].

PMID- 6381865
TI  - [Prevention of the incompetence of interintestinal anastomoses in peritonitis].

PMID- 6381866
TI  - [Pathogenesis and surgical treatment of diabetic angiopathies of the lower
      extremities].

PMID- 6381867
TI  - [1-stage postero-mediastinal gastroesophagoplasty].

PMID- 6381868
TI  - [Effect of prostacyclin (PGI2) on retinal arteries].

PMID- 6381869
TI  - [Formation of an implant in retinal detachment and perforations near the
      posterior pole of the eyeball].

PMID- 6381870
TI  - [Annular form of keratitis].

PMID- 6381871
TI  - Counterregulatory hormone release after human and porcine insulin in healthy
      subjects and patients with pituitary disorders.
AB  - Human and porcine insulin were administered intravenously to a group of healthy
      volunteers in two different doses (0.075 IU/kg body weight and 0.12 IU/kg body
      weight) and to two groups of randomly selected patients with pituitary disorders
      in a dose adapted to their individual glucose tolerance (0.12-0.17 IU/kg body
      weight for porcine and 0.15-0.18 IU/kg body weight for human insulin). The blood
      glucose and potassium lowering effect, the feedback regulation of endogenous
      insulin release, and the liberation of the counterregulatory hormones glucagon,
      cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), prolactin (hPRL), human growth
      hormone (hGH), and catecholamines were measured before and after injection of
      human or porcine insulin. The maximal effect, the area under the concentration
      time curve, the percentage effect, and the increase above baseline for the two
      doses of insulin and the two types of insulin were compared. There were no
      significant differences in the calculated parameters between the two insulin
      types at the same doses except with prolactin. At 0.075 IU/kg human insulin
      induced significantly less prolactin release than porcine insulin. Comparing the
      two doses of the same insulin serum insulin levels, blood glucose, glucagon,
      norepinephrine, and prolactin were lower at the low dose of each insulin. In
      addition ACTH and epinephrine were also lower after human insulin at 0.075 IU/kg.
      The subjective signs of hypoglycemia were less pronounced after human insulin. It
      is concluded that the biological effects of human insulin are comparable to
      porcine insulin although prolactin release is significantly reduced after human
      insulin. If this difference is an indication of different receptor sensitivities
      for human and porcine insulin in the central nervous system and if the diminished
      signs of hypoglycemia are a consequence of this, then further studies are
      required.

PMID- 6381872
TI  - Immunohistological skin alterations in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - Skin biopsies of 26 patients with leukemia and seven patients with aplastic
      anemia were investigated before and at different stages after allogeneic bone
      marrow transplantation (BMT) to establish the immunological criteria which
      distinguish skin alterations during normal reconstitution from dermal lesions
      mediated by graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Of the 33 patients studied 27
      presented with clinically diagnosed acute and/or chronic GvHD, one patient died
      of bone marrow rejection. Immunohistological analysis of the respective skin
      biopsies with selected monoclonal antibodies against human leukocyte antigens
      (HLA) and differentiation antigens of the lympho-hematopoietic cells revealed low
      dermal mononuclear cell counts with phenotypically normal constituents in five
      cases with uncomplicated reconstitution post-grafting. In contrast, increased
      dermal cellular infiltrates predominantly consisting of Lyt 3+, OKT 8+ T
      lymphocytes, as well as of a large number of Ia-like (immune response associated
      = HLA-D) determinant + monocytes/macrophages were observed in all patients with
      active acute/chronic GvH reactivity. As sign of activation simultaneous
      expression of HLA-D region products was also found on a subset of the invading
      OKT8+ T-lymphocytes. Progression of GvHD was associated with additional surface
      staining of keratinocytes for Ia-like determinants. Loss of Ia-like determinant+,
      OKT6+ dentritic epithelial cells in all leukemic patients, as well as in patients
      with aplastic anemia with or without GvHD suggested damage of Langerhans cells
      due to the previous radiotherapy and/or specific immunological destruction. In
      patients with fatal outcome of GvHD prolonged reduction of these dentritic
      epithelial cells seemed to be indicative of impaired immune reconstitution or
      bone marrow dysfunction. Thus immunopathological features of skin GvHR may enable
      early recognition and prognostic evaluation of this disease possibly allowing
      more effective therapy.

PMID- 6381873
TI  - [Evaluation of the therapy of reflux esophagitis by determining proteolysis].

PMID- 6381875
TI  - [Autoimmune polyendocrinopathic syndrome].

PMID- 6381874
TI  - [Importance of the immune system in the symptom-free HBsAg carrier state].

PMID- 6381876
TI  - [Disorders of the gastric mucosal barrier for the reverse diffusion of hydrogen
      ions as a clinical problem].

PMID- 6381877
TI  - [Duodenogastric reflux in gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer].

PMID- 6381878
TI  - [Effect of the treatment of patients with chronic kidney failure on nephrogenic
      osteodystrophy].

PMID- 6381879
TI  - [Treatment of chronic kidney failure in polycystic kidney].

PMID- 6381880
TI  - Lymphocyte subsets in Heymann nephritis.
AB  - Altered ratios of T lymphocyte subsets have recently been reported in some forms
      of glomerulonephritis, including membranous glomerulonephritis. Heymann nephritis
      is a model of membranous glomerulonephritis that can be induced in susceptible
      strains of rat by a single subcutaneous injection of renal tubular antigen in
      Freund's complete adjuvant. Monoclonal antibodies were used to identify
      cytotoxic/suppressor and helper/inducer T cells in the blood, spleen, peripheral
      lymph nodes, and, where relevant, the lymph node draining the antigen injection
      site in susceptible and nonsusceptible rat strains before and after immunization
      with renal tubular antigen. A marked interstrain variation in the proportions of
      T lymphocyte subsets was found, but this did not segregate strains that are
      susceptible to Heymann nephritis induction from those that are resistant. Neither
      the development of Heymann nephritis in susceptible strains or immunization of
      resistant strains with renal tubular antigen was associated with any specific
      alteration in the T lymphocyte subpopulations.

PMID- 6381882
TI  - Albertus Adair Moore, M.D. 1834-1910.

PMID- 6381881
TI  - Apolipoprotein B accumulation and development of foam cell lesions in coronary
      arteries of hypercholesterolemic swine.
AB  - We wished to determine whether plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL)
      preferentially accumulate at specific anatomical sites in swine coronary arteries
      that are predisposed to atherosclerotic lesion development, and if so, to
      determine what alteration in wall structure may be responsible for this
      accumulation. Therefore, we measured the accumulation of apolipoprotein B (apo
      B), the major protein in LDL, by electroimmunoassay in seven separate segments of
      coronary arteries from swine fed a hypercholesterolemic or normolipemic control
      diet for periods of 4 to 15 weeks. Apo B accumulation was greater in segments
      from swine fed a hypercholesterolemic diet than in segments for corresponding
      time intervals from swine fed a normolipemic diet and was greater in proximal
      than in distal segments (nonbranch points) of coronary arteries. This
      accumulation of apo B generally increased with time on the hypercholesterolemic
      diet, already appearing elevated relative to controls at 4 weeks on the
      hypercholesterolemic diet, whereas the initial appearance of foam cells in these
      regions occurred at 6 weeks. Apo B was localized by immunofluorescence almost
      exclusively to areas of diffuse intimal thickening in the proximal portions of
      the coronary arteries and to focal areas of intimal thickening or cushions at
      branch points in more distal segments. In these regions, apo B was found
      primarily in edematous, cell-sparse zones close to the lumen surface, rather than
      the smooth muscle cell-rich areas making up most of the thickened intima. Apo B
      in these areas was associated with Alcian blue-positive areas suggested to
      contain sulfated glycosaminoglycans, which may be responsible for the
      preferential LDL accumulation. The diffuse and focal intimal thickening does not
      appear to have been induced by the hypercholesterolemia or the subsequent
      deposition of LDL, since such thickening was found at the same sites and to about
      the same degree in the normolipemic control animals. Thus, this study has shown
      that the areas of earliest and preferential accumulation of LDL are sites of
      intimal thickening containing deposits of sulfated glycosaminoglycan, and that
      these are the regions at which the first foam cell lesions eventually appear.
      These findings add additional strong circumstantial data linking LDL deposition
      in arteries to the atherosclerotic process.

PMID- 6381883
TI  - Comparison of quinidine by fluorescence polarization immunoassay and high
      pressure liquid chromatography.
AB  - Analysis of quinidine was performed using fluorescence polarization immunoassay
      (Abbott TDXTM) with an ion-pairing adsorption high pressure liquid chromatography
      (HPLC) technique as the comparative method. Correlation of 110 clinical samples
      was excellent (r2 = 0.983). TDX calibration appeared stable for 14 days. There is
      minimal contribution to the concentration of quinidine due to the presence of
      metabolite. The TDX method is rapid, precise, and accurate.

PMID- 6381884
TI  - Treatment of breast carcinoma recurrent after adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy.
AB  - Between July 1975 and June 1979, 194 patients with State II or III breast
      carcinoma were randomized to receive either L-phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM),
      cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil and prednisolone (CFP), or CFP and BCG. Sixty
      one patients have recurred despite the adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy trial. Fifty
      three are evaluable for survival and 36 for response to chemo-hormonal therapy.
      Those treated with a chemo-hormonal regimen for their first recurrence exhibited
      a 53% objective response rate to cytotoxic therapy or a 35% response to hormonal
      therapy. Prior exposure to L-PAM, cyclophosphamide, or 5-fluorouracil did not
      preclude response to "salvage" therapy regimens containing those agents. Neither
      menopausal status, estrogen receptor content, size of the primary tumor, adjuvant
      treatment, nor extent of the recurrence had any effect on subsequent survival.
      Overall, the entire group exhibited median survival of 37 months from initial
      diagnosis and 13 months from recurrence. Unlike recurrent Hodgkin's disease,
      there was no demonstrable relationship between the length of the disease-free
      interval and the likelihood of subsequent response to cytotoxic or hormonal
      treatment. Comparison is made to the results of "salvage" therapy administered
      after three other large adjuvant treatment series.

PMID- 6381885
TI  - A kinetic Ising model for dynamical behavior of anisotropic system--its
      significance in streaming phenomena.
AB  - A time-delayed kinetic Ising model is constructed for a one-dimensional case in
      order to study dynamical behaviors of systems including anisotropic interactions
      between elements. Spin-spin interactions are mediated by a unidirectional signal
      decaying exponentially with space and time. Non-equilibrium order-disorder
      transition occurs when the frictional coefficient for signal transmission is
      varied. Then the model is extended by including a macroscopic field which is
      produced by local fields caused by spins. The macroscopic field also shows a
      transition at a certain value of the frictional coefficient. This model well
      reproduces the features of the transition observed in streaming in the stream
      cell and Nitella cells.

PMID- 6381886
TI  - Pharmacognosy: the oldest modern science.
AB  - The use of drugs goes back to time immemorial, ever since primitive man resorted
      to the world around him to derive remedies which could alleviate pain and cure
      illnesses. The knowledge of drugs has developed together with the evolution of
      scientific and social progress. After a rapid historical review on the use of
      medicinal drugs in the diverse civilizations and on the origin and introduction
      of the term Pharmacognosy, the acquisitions of modern experimental Pharmacognosy
      in different countries of the world, and its contribution to therapy are briefly
      discussed.

PMID- 6381887
TI  - Fifteen years of study of psychoactive snuffs of South America: 1967-1982--a
      review.
AB  - Much has been learned concerning psychoactive snuffs in South America in the past
      15 years since I delivered a review paper in the now famous symposium
      "Ethnopharmacologic Search for Psychoactive Drugs" held in San Francisco in 1967
      (Efron et al., 1967; Schultes, 1967). There is still much to be investigated, but
      it seems that a recapitulation at this time may be warranted. The advances in our
      knowledge have come about as a result of field work as well as laboratory
      research and have been effected by investigators in several disciplines:
      archaeology, ethnobotany, ethnology and phytochemistry.

PMID- 6381888
TI  - Five-year evaluation of the Carpentier-Edwards porcine bioprosthesis.
AB  - The Carpentier-Edwards porcine bioprosthesis compares favorably to other value
      substitutes, with a low incidence of valve-related complications after up to 6
      years' follow-up. From April, 1976, to February, 1978, 397 prostheses were
      implanted in 355 patients at the University of British Columbia and the Montreal
      Heart Institute: aortic valve replacement (AVR), 155; mitral valve replacement
      (MVR), 154; tricuspid valve replacement (TVR), five; multiple replacement (MR),
      41 patients. Previous cardiac operations had been performed in 58 patients
      (16.3%). Concomitant cardiac procedures, including myocardial revascularization,
      were performed in 66 patients (18.5%). The 30 day mortality was 8.7% (31 patients
      (AVR, 4.5%; MVR 9.0%; TVR 20%; MR 21.9%). The cumulative follow-up was 1,367
      patient-years (range 6 to 81 months, mean 51 months). The late mortality is 3.9%
      per patient-year (AVR 3.4%, MVR 3.6%, MR 6.3%). The long-term valve-related
      complication rates (expressed as percent per patient-year and number of events)
      are as follows; thromboembolism (AVR 1.1 [seven], MVR 1.7 [10], MR 3.2 [four];
      prosthetic valve endocarditis (AVR 0.6 [four], MVR 0.3 [two], MR 1.6 [two]);
      primary tissue failure (AVR 0.16 [one], MVR 1.0 [six], MR 1.6 [two]);
      anticoagulant-related hemorrhage 0.07 (one); and reoperation (AVR 0.48 [three],
      MVR 1.32 [eight], MR 2.4 [three]). Actuarial survival rates at 6 years, including
      operative deaths, are as follows: AVR 81.4% +/- 5.6%, MVR 70.0% +/- 6.7%, and MR
      52.1% +/- 12.5%. The overall survival rate was 74.0% +/- 4.5% at 6 years. The
      freedom from all valve-related complications at 72 months was 83.9% +/- 4.8%. The
      freedom from valve-related death was 97.3% +/- 1.8% at 72 months. The freedom
      from valve-related death and reoperation at 72 months was 91.5% +/- 3.8%, and the
      freedom from reoperation alone was 93.4% +/- 3.5%. There were no deaths due to
      reoperation for primary tissue failure. Performance to date with the Carpentier
      Edwards porcine bioprosthesis has been excellent, with an evaluation interval
      extending from 60 to 81 months.

PMID- 6381890
TI  - Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on postoperative bleeding.

PMID- 6381889
TI  - Cardiac tumors. Clinical spectrum and prognosis of lesions other than classical
      benign myxoma in 20 patients.
AB  - Between 1961 and 1983, 20 patients underwent operation at the Texas Heart
      Institute for primary tumors other than classical benign myxoma. Total follow-up
      was 70.7 patient years (mean 3.5 years). There were 10 adults and 10 children
      under 12 years of age. There were two operative deaths and four late deaths. All
      of the pediatric patients had benign lesions (five fibromas, five rhabdomyomas),
      and only one patient in this group died (during the operation). All operative
      survivors are alive between 0.9 and 18 years postoperatively, although in three
      cases excision was incomplete. Of the 10 adult patients, five had benign lesions;
      all were completely excised. In the other five adult patients, unresectable
      malignant tumors were found, and all four operative survivors died of metastatic
      disease within 8 months. Benign cardiac tumors in childhood have an excellent
      prognosis when completely excised and appear to have a good short-term prognosis
      even when excision is incomplete. Although prognosis for benign tumors in adults
      is good, malignant tumors are associated with very poor survival.

PMID- 6381891
TI  - Single lung transplantation.

PMID- 6381892
TI  - The beneficial effects of cyclovirobuxine D (CVBD) in coronary heart disease. A
      double blind analysis of 110 cases.

PMID- 6381893
TI  - Therapeutic effect of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate in patients with coronary
      heart disease. A double blind study. Shanghai Cooperative Group for the Study of
      Tanshinone IIA.

PMID- 6381894
TI  - A procedure for small-volume brain grafting; vasopressin cells in neonatal and
      adult Brattleboro rats.
AB  - A simple and reliable technique is described for the transplantation of fetal
      vasopressin (VP) neurons in the third ventricle of the brain of homozygous
      Brattleboro neonates. Small-volume grafting is introduced by microdissection of
      paraventricular and supraoptic areas and by pelleting the minced tissue for
      insertion into the transplantation cannula. Morphological and immunocytochemical
      evaluation yielded results in both neonatal and adult host brain that were
      similar to those described for anterior hypothalamic grafts in adult Brattleboro
      brain. The present protocol circumvents some of the general problems encountered
      when the use of small grafts is imperative, and is also applicable to the
      implantation of pelleted cell suspensions.

PMID- 6381895
TI  - Hypertension in end-stage renal failure: role of sympathetic nervous system,
      sodium balance and renal pressor system.
AB  - 120 subjects, including 16 normal volunteers, 23 essential hypertensive and 81
      uraemic patients (34 before the start of haemodialysis and 47 during maintenance
      haemodialysis) were studied in order to evaluate the interrelationship between
      mean arterial pressure (MAP) and total exchangeable sodium (NaE), plasma renin
      activity (PRA) and plasma catecholamines (PC). Significant positive correlations
      were noted between MAP and PRA and between MAP and PC in the total group of
      uraemic patients. In patients under conservative treatment MAP correlated
      significantly with NaE and PRA. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that
      the combined effect of NaE and PRA accounted for 50 per cent of the levels of
      MAP. In patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis MAP lost any correlation with
      NaE. In these patients the presence of hypertension seemed to be related to the
      values of PRA and PC. PC increased after two hours of walking and hypertensive
      patients had higher increments than normotensive patients. These data might
      support an important role for the adrenergic system in the maintenance of
      hypertension in dialysis patients.

PMID- 6381896
TI  - Insulin release from monolayer cultures of adult rat pancreatic islets.
AB  - The dynamics of insulin secretion were studied in monolayer cultures of adult rat
      pancreatic islet cells. Free cells were dissociated from adult rat pancreatic
      islets by the enzymatic dispersion method, with minor modifications, and were
      cultured on 25 mm round plastic cover slips. The monolayer culture consists
      mainly of B cells as identified by immunohistochemical staining. A small number
      of A, D and PP cells of pancreatic islets were also distinguished in the culture.
      After 14 days' culturing, the culture plate was placed in a Rose chamber through
      which the medium was pumped and from which the effluent was collected at various
      time intervals for insulin determination. It was observed that the physiological
      insulin secretion in cultured adult rat pancreas to glucose is characterized by
      an early phase of rapid onset and short duration and a late phase that rapidly
      increases and comes to a plateau for as long as the stimulus is applied. This
      result indicates that the monolayer culture of adult rat pancreatic islets is a
      promising method of supplying hybrid artificial endocrine pancreas.

PMID- 6381898
TI  - Artificial organs beyond the first 40 years.

PMID- 6381897
TI  - New trends in blood purification.
AB  - Considering the different methods of blood purification, designed and developed
      during the last ten years, some common trends can be pointed out (Table 4). The
      uniformity of treatment during the first 30 years has been substituted by a
      variety of new methods, allowing a specific attribution to different underlying
      diseases. Whereas haemodialysis, haemofiltration and intermittent peritoneal
      dialysis exhibit a relatively broad spectrum of indications, CAPD, haemoperfusion
      and plasmapheresis are restricted to a reduced number of underlying diseases.
      Certain diseases, until a few years ago regarded as a contra-indication for blood
      purification treatment, are today considered to be specific indications for newly
      developed methods of treatment, for example diabetic nephropathy for CAPD and
      vascular instability for haemofiltration or its modifications. Apart from this
      individualization an important trend of modern artificial kidney design has been
      the attempt to miniaturize the devices in order to facilitate their application
      and to encourage self-treatment. This trend could result in a concentration of
      the patients on self-care and a substantial reduction of treatment costs.
      Moreover, a miniaturized artificial organ could reduce many immunological
      problems, which today result from transplantation of natural kidney. Imitation of
      the natural kidney has been an important goal of many investigators during the
      last years. Promising approaches have been attempted by the development of
      haemofiltration, imitating the process of glomerular filtration, or continuous
      ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, copying the continuously excreting natural
      kidney. In his assay 'De Urina', Homer Smith says, 'This liquid, which commonly
      inspires men only with contempt and disgust, which is generally ranked amongst
      vile and repulsive matters has become, in the hands of the chemists, a source of
      important discoveries'. Today the inspiration of the chemists has been replaced
      by the unceasing endeavours of technicians to create an artificial organ which
      produces a urine of similar qualities.

PMID- 6381899
TI  - Present and future trends in cardiac surgery.

PMID- 6381900
TI  - Production and utilization of human lymphokines containing macrophage-activating
      factor (MAF) activity.

PMID- 6381902
TI  - Fluorescence polarization of amniotic fluid from pregnant rhesus monkeys with
      chronic fetal hyperinsulinemia.

PMID- 6381901
TI  - Movement of electrolytes and fluid across airways.

PMID- 6381903
TI  - Natural and induced antisera specific for pulmonary macrophages.

PMID- 6381904
TI  - Regulation of human lymph contractility by prostaglandins and thromboxane.
AB  - Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), but not prostacyclin (PGI2), plays an important role in
      human lymph vessel contraction. Paradoxically, whereas substantial amounts of
      PGI2 are detectable in human lymphatics, TXA2 is undetectable and probably
      derives from surrounding tissues.

PMID- 6381913
TI  - Carcinosarcoma of the lung: Mayo Clinic experience and response to chemotherapy.
AB  - The clinical presentation, clinical course, and results of various treatment
      modalities of 17 patients with carcinosarcoma of the lung were reviewed. This
      group of patients was 0.2% of all Mayo Clinic patients with lung cancer who had
      been treated between 1971 and 1982. Most patients were men in the sixth decade of
      life who had a history of smoking. Ten of 17 neoplasms were located in the upper
      lobes. Noninvasive diagnostic tests had a low yield in detecting carcinosarcomas.
      Pulmonary resection with curative intent was performed in 15 of 17 patients;
      however, only 4 patients were alive at 6, 8, 28, and 39 months, respectively,
      postoperatively. The median survival was 1 year. Doxorubicin-based
      chemotherapeutic programs produced an objective response in two of four patients.

PMID- 6381914
TI  - Use of Penrose drains to treat certain anal fistulas: a primary operative seton.
AB  - In 20 selected patients with a complex anal fistula, a seton consisting of a 1/4-
      to 5/8-inch Penrose drain was passed through the anal fistulous tract and then
      sutured to maintain tension. This elastic seton not only provides drainage of the
      fistulous abscess but also, by pressure necrosis of the enclosed sphincter
      muscle, "cuts through" the muscle and accomplishes primary fistulotomy or, when
      placed without tension, serves as a marker for later fistulotomy. All 20 patients
      had a good result. One patient complained of occasional leakage of mucus. Two
      others were periodically incontinent of loose stools but were socially continent
      and employable. Use of a seton should be considered in patients with complex
      fistulas that involve the puborectal muscle.

PMID- 6381915
TI  - Reinduction chemotherapy for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Twenty-four patients who had a relapse after successful treatment of acute
      nonlymphocytic leukemia were re-treated with a chemotherapeutic program similar
      to that which produced the initial remission. Eight of the nine patients who
      achieved a second remission had received a three-drug reinduction regimen
      consisting of cytosine arabinoside, an anthracycline, and 6-thioguanine. An
      increased duration of initial remission before relapse (more than 26 weeks)
      predicted a greater likelihood of achieving a second remission.

PMID- 6381916
TI  - Cataracts and cataract operations (2).
AB  - Because of the frequent occurrence of cataracts in the general population, the
      surgical techniques for their removal and the potential associated complications
      are of widespread interest. The approaches available in general and those used at
      the Mayo Clinic are described.

PMID- 6381917
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of aneurysmal bone cyst.
AB  - A case of aneurysmal bone cyst is presented, and the radiographic, computed
      tomographic, and magnetic resonance imaging findings are discussed. The potential
      advantages of magnetic resonance imaging compared with those of computed
      tomography are explained. The case is presented to illustrate the potential value
      of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of bone and soft tissue tumors.

PMID- 6381918
TI  - Fluoride-induced sudden death.

PMID- 6381919
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus XII: Cytotoxic therapy and pheresis.

PMID- 6381920
TI  - Hospice home care cost savings to third-party insurers.
AB  - A population-based, retrospective analysis of Medicare Part A and Blue Cross
      hospital insurance claims data was used to determine whether hospice home care
      cost savings to third-party insurers are substantial and result from the
      substitution of less expensive home care visits for more costly hospital
      inpatient days. The study was carried out by comparing the third-party payments
      of Cuyahoga County residents who died of cancer and were served by a hospice home
      care program (n = 152) with the insurance payments of cancer patients who never
      received hospice home care (n = 1,397). The data strongly supported the research
      hypothesis. The relative use of hospital days decreased more than 50% and the use
      of home care visits increased 10-fold when dying patients shifted from
      conventional care to hospice home care. This change in use represented a relative
      savings of about 40%, ranging from $1,089 per patient during the last 2 weeks of
      life to $2,676 per patient during the last 12 weeks of life. These results were
      not accounted for by group differences in age, type of cancer, or personal
      preference for home care.

PMID- 6381921
TI  - Capitation payment for pharmacy services. I. Impact on drug use and pharmacist
      dispensing behavior.
AB  - Results of a two-county pilot study in Iowa revealed that capitation may have
      significant advantages over fee-for-service (FFS) reimbursement in the Medicaid
      drug program. Consequently, the capitation program was expanded to 32 counties on
      April 1, 1981 and continued through December 31, 1981. Another 32 counties were
      used as part of a before:after/experimental:control design. Pharmacists were paid
      80% of projected drug expenditures in advance based on the types of Medicaid
      eligibles who chose them as their providers. The remaining 20% was withheld in an
      escrow account to be used for supplemental, emergency, and bonus payments.
      Pharmacists who participated in this experiment were guaranteed that their gross
      profits on Medicaid prescriptions would remain at least equal to what they would
      have been if they had remained under the current FFS payment system. Major
      differences in drug use levels and pharmacist dispensing behavior under
      capitation financing were observed in the pilot study. However, no such changes
      associated with payment type were noted in the expanded program. Relative to
      these findings, a discussion of pharmacist attitudes is presented.

PMID- 6381922
TI  - Capitation payment for pharmacy services. II. Impact on costs.
AB  - Four areas of cost were analyzed in the expanded capitation drug program: total
      program costs; drug costs, escrow account distribution, and administrative costs.
      Total program costs were, on average, 9% higher under capitation. Drug costs,
      however, were 3% lower than under fee-for-service (FFS) reimbursement. This
      discrepancy is probably because pharmacists were not at financial risk under the
      program, the capitation rates were higher than intended, there were many
      emergency claims, and other aspects of the research environment. Although
      administrative costs were large, almost two thirds of the development cost was
      for one-time work, which could be transferred to another state at little or no
      expense. One third of the total administrative costs can be attributed to
      complying with regulations of the Health Care Financing Administration.
      Significant refinement of the present capitation model may be necessary before
      this financing innovation is used elsewhere. Modifications might include limiting
      the system to nursing home patients, placing pharmacists at partial financial
      risk, restricting participation to pharmacies that service a large number of
      Medicaid eligibles, and basing capitation rates in part on the drug use behavior
      of cash-paying patients.

PMID- 6381923
TI  - [Glucose tolerance, pancreatic reserve and insulin-receptor interaction in
      patients with primary hemochromatosis].

PMID- 6381924
TI  - [Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)].

PMID- 6381925
TI  - Arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Almost all of the controversies about the management of arrhythmias during acute
      infarction have now been resolved. With initiation of early thrombolytic therapy,
      both bradyarrhythmia and tachyarrhythmia will often accompany the reperfusion.
      However, the principles that have evolved should provide adequate therapeutic
      guidelines. The primary persisting challenge is to identify the patients during
      the convalescent phase who are at high risk for ventricular tachycardia or
      fibrillation and to institute the appropriate prophylactic therapy.

PMID- 6381926
TI  - Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia.
AB  - This entity represents the most common type of recurrent, regular, narrow QRS
      tachycardia in the absence of preexcitation syndrome. Electrophysiologic basis
      for the arrhythmia is reentry within the AV node resulting from dissociation
      between intranodal pathways. A better understanding of these intranodal pathways
      helps in the selection of a rational approach to management of these cases.

PMID- 6381927
TI  - Preexcitation syndromes. Mechanisms and management.
AB  - Ventricular preexcitation occurs when, in relation to atrial events, some or all
      of the ventricular muscle is activated earlier by the atrial impulse than would
      be expected if conduction of the impulse activated the ventricles by way of the
      normal atrioventricular conduction system. The purpose of this article is to
      review the pathophysiology of the variants of preexcitation and to discuss the
      therapeutic approach to patients who have tachyarrhythmias.

PMID- 6381928
TI  - Atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, and other primary atrial tachycardias.
AB  - Traditional classifications of atrial tachycardias include not only rhythm
      disturbances arising primarily within the atria, but also dysrhythmias in which
      it is now recognized that participation of both atrial and non-atrial tissue is
      required. We prefer to consider those arrhythmias in which the atria are the
      principal site of electrophysiologic disturbance as "primary" atrial
      tachyarrhythmias. The mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of these "primary"
      atrial tachycardias are the subject of this article.

PMID- 6381929
TI  - Ventricular tachycardia. Mechanisms, diagnosis, and management.
AB  - This article discusses ventricular tachycardia with reference to the various
      proposed mechanisms, diagnosis, and management. Criteria for the diagnosis of
      ventricular tachycardia caused by reentry, automaticity, and triggered activity
      are presented. The use of various drugs as well as the role of electrophysiologic
      testing is discussed.

PMID- 6381930
TI  - Sinus node function and dysfunction.
AB  - The wide range of normal sinus node function makes identification of dysfunction
      difficult. Emphasis is placed upon real time correlation of ECG bradyarrhythmia
      with typical symptoms. A spectrum of atrial electrical dysfunction is described
      which includes abnormalities of the sinus and AV nodes as well as failure of
      escape pacemakers and atrial tachyarrhythmias.

PMID- 6381931
TI  - Atrioventricular block. Mechanism, clinical presentation, and therapy.
AB  - The mechanism of AV block and bifascicular block and the role of His bundle
      electrocardiography in localizing the site of AV block are reviewed. The clinical
      presentation and therapy of the different types of AV block and the indications
      for permanent pacing are discussed.

PMID- 6381932
TI  - Arrhythmias in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - Cardiac arrhythmias are commonly associated with chronic obstructive lung disease
      and these arrhythmias can impair arterial blood oxygenation. The etiology of the
      arrhythmias is multifactorial. The treatment of the arrhythmias is largely the
      treatment of the deranged physiology and the underlying pulmonary disease. The
      association of arrhythmias with chronic obstructive lung disease portends a poor
      prognosis.

PMID- 6381933
TI  - A study of the English apothecary from 1660 to 1760.

PMID- 6381934
TI  - [The first heart transplantation in Sweden--background, course, future
      perspectives].

PMID- 6381935
TI  - [Suture of peripheral meniscus rupture--a prospective study].

PMID- 6381936
TI  - [The men behind the syndrome: Emil Perman and Nils Thorkild Rovsing. Scandinavian
      surgeons were the first to describe signs of appendicitis].

PMID- 6381938
TI  - [Can we give patients better concrete information by using computer data bases?].

PMID- 6381939
TI  - [Psychological and physiological results during the learning of relaxation in
      students].

PMID- 6381937
TI  - [Report on the adverse effects of an English whooping cough vaccine for infants
      based on a clinical trial].

PMID- 6381940
TI  - [Is there a PEEP-induced pancreatitis in experiments?].
AB  - In experiments with dogs the influence of controlled respiration with positive
      endexpiratory pressure (PEEP) on the pancreas was investigated. The pO2 within
      the tissue was measured during the time of respiration. At PEEP 10 and PEEP 20 an
      average diminution was observed in the tissue pO2 of 27% and 37%, respectively. A
      pancreatic edema produced after PEEP 20 was changing into a necrotizing
      pancreatitis during the following 24 h. At PEEP 10, such a transition was not
      observed. The pancreatic edema was accompanied by the typical increase in alpha
      amylase and lipase activities. After 24 h there were small changes of the enzyme
      activities in the serum at PEEP 10, whereas at PEEP 20 they were remarkably
      increased. These results demonstrate that PEEP 20 causes a shortage of oxygen
      supply of the pancreas. This shortage in connection with an edema can provoke an
      acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 6381941
TI  - Head and neck manifestations of the chronic graft vs. host disease.
AB  - Bone marrow transplantations are being used with increasing frequency in the
      treatment of patients with leukemia and aplastic anemia. The graft-vs.-host
      disease (GVHD) is a serious complication that affects long-term survivors
      following bone marrow transplantation. It is the result of an immunologic
      reaction mounted by the grafted reticuloendothelial cells against the tissues of
      the recipient, and it affects multiple organ systems. Involvement of the skin and
      mucosal surfaces of the head and neck region, in particular the oral cavity,
      occurs in a large number of patients with GVHD. In this report we present four
      patients with GVHD in whom mucosal lesions and infections of the head and neck
      region were prominent features. Our observations indicate that the clinical and
      histological characteristics of these lesions vary according to the time elapsed
      from the onset of the disease. Therefore, clinical examination of the head and
      neck region and biopsy of the oral mucosa are important not only in the diagnosis
      of the GVHD, but also in the evaluation of its progress and response to
      treatment.

PMID- 6381942
TI  - Actinomycosis: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations and a review of 32
      cases.
AB  - Actinomycosis was at one time a common diagnosis in this country. It still is
      fairly common in some parts of the world. As the numbers of antibiotics and
      indications for their use have increased, the disease has almost become a medical
      rarity in the United States. This fact might be thought a paradox in view of the
      universal presence of the actinomyces organisms in every human mouth. However, it
      is perhaps not well recognized that the actinomyces are true bacteria, and that
      they are particularly sensitive to most of the common antibacterials in current
      usage. These facts have combined to decrease the clinical frequency of the
      disease as well as effectively reduce the opportunity for securing a satisfactory
      specimen for laboratory culture in suspected cases. Actinomycosis can present in
      a variety of forms and may mimic other infections or even neoplasms. The clinical
      pattern of remission and exacerbation of symptoms occurring in parallel sequence
      with initiation and cessation of antibiotic administration is a phenomenon which
      should increase suspicion for actinomycosis in any of its manifestations.

PMID- 6381943
TI  - Coexistence of systemic lupus erythematosus and parotid hypertrophy. A case
      report and literature review.
AB  - A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and marked diffuse bilateral parotid
      swelling is described. Special staining techniques were required to demonstrate a
      lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in the otherwise normal appearing acinar tissue.
      This finding suggests that a humoral, rather than a cellular, mediated immune
      process is responsible for the parotid hypertrophy in this patient.

PMID- 6381944
TI  - Closure of tracheoesophageal fistulas after removal of the voice prosthesis.

PMID- 6381945
TI  - [Transplantation of bone marrow in the treatment of severe aplastic anemia].

PMID- 6381946
TI  - [Graft-versus-host reaction as a complication of bone marrow transplantation].

PMID- 6381947
TI  - [Glagolitic graffiti as evidence of social and health conditions in Istria].

PMID- 6381948
TI  - Motilin--an update.
AB  - Motilin isolated in 1971 from the porcine gastrointestinal tract and localized
      there to endocrine cells, now appears to have a CNS neural origin by RIA and
      immunohistochemistry. In most species motilin releases neurotransmitters in the
      CNS to both increase and decrease neural transmission and in the gastrointestinal
      tract to increase motor activity. In the fasting animal, motilin initiates
      premature activity fronts of the migrating motor complex (MMC) in the upper
      gastrointestinal tract by an atropine or tetrodotoxin-sensitive mechanism.
      Immunoreactive motilin-release from the gut can be correlated with the passage of
      these fronts through the upper gut. In the dog, the associated events of this
      MMC, i.e. motor activity of the duodenum extrinsic and intrinsic neural activity
      and emptying of biliary and pancreatic secretions into the duodenum, all appear
      to contribute to the peaks in peripheral plasma immunoreactive motilin
      concentrations. In man, there appears to be a close association of motilin
      secretion with biliary and pancreatic secretions being emptied into the duodenum
      and less evidence for motor activity releasing motilin. Only in the dog is there
      strong evidence for an absolute requirement of motilin for the consolidation of
      the motor activity of the upper gut into the MMC. In man, the evidence is less
      convincing although motilin may facilitate the process and in the pig, motilin
      appears to have little or no role in MMC generation. No pathological consequences
      of hypermotilemia have been described although elevated motilin levels have been
      found to be associated with some diarrheal states, renal failure, and in the
      first week following abdominal surgery. Motilin thus remains a hormone seeking a
      physiological function in some species and a pathological role in all species.

PMID- 6381949
TI  - Bremazocine induces antinociception, but prevents opioid-induced constipation and
      catatonia in rats and precipitates withdrawal in morphine-dependent rats.
AB  - Some in vivo agonist and antagonist properties of the putative k-compound
      bremazocine were characterized in rats. Bremazocine, at doses from 0.015-32 mg/kg
      i.p., delayed nociceptive reaction on a 55 degrees C hot-plate with a dose
      response curve not readily fitting a single straight line; this effect was
      antagonized by high doses of naloxone. In the same rats bremazocine did not delay
      the intestinal transit of a charcoal meal fed 5 min earlier and prevented
      morphine-induced constipation. This antagonism appeared to be opioid-specific and
      competitive, with apparent pA2 value 8.56. Catatonia induced by etorphine (0.004
      mg/kg s.c.) and constipation induced by etorphine (0.004 mg/kg s.c.) and D-Ala2-D
      Leu5-enkephalin (0.1 mg/kg i.p.) were completely antagonized by bremazocine (0.03
      8 mg/kg i.p.). Antinociception induced by morphine (10 mg/kg i.v.) and etorphine
      (0.004 mg/kg s.c.) was only partly prevented. Naloxone (1 mg/kg) and bremazocine
      (0.015-1 mg/kg i.p.) precipitated a withdrawal syndrome, evaluated as jumping
      frequency, in rats rendered dependent to morphine. These data suggest the
      involvement of more than one opioid receptor population in bremazocine action in
      vivo.

PMID- 6381950
TI  - [Cooperative trials of the Council of Mutual Economic Aid countries on
      chemoradiotherapy of lung cancer].
AB  - The paper is concerned with a comparative analysis of the immediate and short
      term results of chemo- and radiotherapy of 174 patients with well differentiated
      inoperable lung cancer. The data were presented by the participants of the CMEA
      cooperative trial (the Hungarian People's Republic, the USSR and the Czechoslovak
      Socialist Republic over the period of 1976-1980). In the course of a randomized
      study radiotherapy (at a summary dose of 60 Gy) was given to 98 patients,
      chemotherapy to 76 (methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil). Comparative analysis has
      shown that the use of adjuvant chemotherapy tends to improve an immediate
      therapeutic effect. In well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, a marked
      positive effect was obtained in 48.6% of the patients as compared to 31.2% in
      radiotherapy alone. However, judging by the survival rates such differences in
      favor of chemotherapy were not revealed. After conservative treatment (radio- and
      chemotherapy) of patients with differentiated lung cancer in the inoperable stage
      55.7% survived for 1, 17.27% for 5, 8.55% for 3 yrs. Direct correlation between
      the immediate effect of radio- and chemotherapy and the survival of the patients
      was revealed. Of 67 patients with a marked immediate effect 49 (73.1%) lived over
      1 year, 8 out of 9 patients lived for 3 yrs.

PMID- 6381953
TI  - The McLean Hospital archives.

PMID- 6381952
TI  - Nursing revisited: Strong public health nurse leader and educator.

PMID- 6381951
TI  - [Radionuclide study of blood circulation in extremities during treatment of
      tibial fractures by the G.A. Ilizarov method].
AB  - Blood circulation was studied in 68 patients with closed oblique and spiral
      fractures of the leg bones in the middle and lower thirds in the injured segment
      using 99mTc-DTPA and 133Xe. The normal rate of the blood flow in the cortical
      layer of the tibial diaphysis was 0.008 +/- 0.0006 ml/g bone/min and in the bone
      marrow 0.030 +/- 0.002 ml/min. After fracture the rate of the blood flow
      increased reaching its maximum values (3.6 times increase) in the 5th week, then
      it decreased and returned to normal by the 70th day. In the bone marrow the
      maximum value of the blood flow was noted on the 5th day; on the 14th day it
      decreased significantly. In the cortical layer the maximum values of the blood
      flow acceleration (by 7.5 times) were established on the 14th day and persisted
      up to the 23rd day. The return to normal was observed on the 90th day.

PMID- 6381954
TI  - [40th anniversary of the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the
      USSR on Maternal and Child Welfare].

PMID- 6381955
TI  - [History of the P. B. Gannushkin Moscow City Clinical Psychiatric Hospital].

PMID- 6381956
TI  - [Crepitant cellulitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae].

PMID- 6381958
TI  - Treatment of end-stage diabetic nephropathy: over a decade of experience at one
      institution.
AB  - Results of treatment of end-stage renal disease in 139 patients with diabetes
      mellitus revealed survival of 76% at 1 year and 48% at 5 years. These results
      compare favorably with other reports from Europe and the United States, probably
      because of the greater number of patients receiving renal transplants, and
      possibly because of the use of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis as a
      recent treatment modality. Patients not receiving transplants were much older
      (mean age, 47.8 years) than those receiving transplants. Of those not given
      transplants, survival was best on CAPD. Comparison of those surviving at least 3
      years was made with those expiring in the first year. Long-term survivors were
      younger, had diabetes for a shorter period, but had higher mean blood pressures
      and serum creatinine values than short-term survivors. Short-term survivors also
      had over a 50% incidence of prior myocardial infarction or cardiorespiratory
      arrest, while no long-term survivors had such a history. Long-term survivors were
      also more likely to have received a transplant, and short-term survivors were
      more likely to have received intermittent peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis. A
      transplant from a living related donor is the treatment of choice for diabetics
      under age 40 and perhaps for older patients as well. The choice among CAPD,
      hemodialysis and cadaver transplant requires consideration of many factors.

PMID- 6381957
TI  - Atypical lymphoplasmacytic and immunoblastic proliferation in lymph nodes of
      patients with autoimmune disease (autoimmune-disease-associated lymphadenopathy).
AB  - This study is based on an analysis of the morphologic, clinical, and laboratory
      findings in 26 patients whose pretherapy lymph node biopsies showed some, but not
      all, of the diagnostic features of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with
      dysproteinemia (AILD). Partial or complete effacement of nodal architecture by a
      diffuse lymphoplasmacytic and immunoblastic proliferation was a constant
      histologic finding. In contrast to the findings in AILD, lymphocytic depletion
      and pronounced arborizing vascular proliferation were often lacking. Clinically,
      many of the patients had fever, sweats, weight loss, skin rashes, generalized
      lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and, in some cases, pulmonary infiltrates.
      Of the 26 patients, 23 had clinical and/or laboratory evidence of autoimmune
      disease or immune complex disease. In 12 patients (Group I--idiopathic), various
      autoantibodies or immune complexes were demonstrable, but these patients did not
      manifest a well-defined immunologic disease or syndrome. In 11 patients (Group II
      -secondary), the lymphadenopathy occurred secondary to a well-defined, clinically
      recognized immunologic disease. Three patients (Group III) had neither a well
      defined autoimmune disease nor demonstrable autoantibodies, but two of them had a
      history of exposure to antibiotics. We suggest that patients whose lymph nodes
      have the morphologic features described here frequently have an autoimmune
      disorder, and that the pathogenesis of this clinicopathologic picture is probably
      related to a deficiency in suppressor T-cell function which results in an
      unopposed proliferation of B cells with autoantibody formation and polyclonal
      gammopathy. Our observations should stimulate clinicians to consider the
      possibility of an autoimmune pathogenesis for a lymphadenopathy in which a florid
      lymphoplasmacytic and immunoblastic proliferation similar to that observed in
      AILD is demonstrated, even though the sections may not meet all the histologic
      criteria reported for the diagnosis of AILD. Clinical and laboratory
      investigations necessary to confirm the presence of autoimmunity are indicated in
      these cases. Moreover, since there is evidence of genetic factors predisposing to
      autoimmune disease (17, 43), it would be important to investigate close relatives
      of patients whose lymph nodes showed the histologic changes described in this
      paper in prospective studies which include suppressor T-cell function,
      autoantibodies, HLA type of blood lymphocytes and chromosomal analysis. The
      median survival of the 23 patients with stigmata of autoimmune disease or immune
      complex disease was 36 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6381959
TI  - Comparative study of isomalt and sucrose by means of continuous indirect
      calorimetry.
AB  - Isomalt (Palatinit) an equimolar mixture of alpha-D-glucopyranosido-1,6-sorbitol
      and alpha-D-glucopyranosido-1,6-mannitol, was compared to sucrose in a
      prospective double-blind controlled crossover study. The acute effects of oral
      ingestion of 30-g loads of isomalt or sucrose on plasma glucose, insulin, free
      fatty acids (FFA), lactic acid, and carbohydrate (CHO) and lipid oxidation were
      studied over six hours by means of continuous indirect calorimetry in ten healthy
      normal-weight subjects. Unlike sucrose, whose ingestion was followed by
      significant changes in plasma glucose, insulin, and lactic acid during the first
      60 minutes of the test, no significant changes in these parameters were observed
      following the administration of isomalt. The increase in CHO oxidation occurring
      between 30 and 150 minutes was significantly lower (P less than 0.01) following
      isomalt than after sucrose. Conversely, the decrease in lipid oxidation was
      significantly less (P less than 0.01) after isomalt in comparison to sucrose. It
      is concluded that the rise in CHO oxidation and in plasma glucose and insulin
      levels is markedly reduced when sucrose is replaced by an equal weight of
      isomalt. In contrast to other sugar substitutes, no increase in plasma lactic
      acid was observed after isomalt administration.

PMID- 6381960
TI  - Very low-density lipoprotein metabolism in an unusual case of lipoatrophic
      diabetes.
AB  - Complete acquired lipoatrophic diabetes (LD) is characterized by nonketotic
      insulin-resistant diabetes, elevated very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)
      triglyceride (TG) levels, and absent subcutaneous fat. We studied a young child
      in whom LD atypically developed after the onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus. On
      uncontrolled home diet the patient had triglyceride levels over 1,000 mg/dL on
      multiple occasions. In order to demonstrate the effects of caloric and dietary
      fat restriction on VLDL metabolism, 3H-glycerol and autologous 125I-VLDL were
      used to quantitate the turnover of VLDL-TG and VLDL-apolipoprotein B (apo B)
      during two periods of caloric restriction. Consumption of a 900-kcal 40-g fat
      diet resulted in a plasma triglyceride level of 1383 mg/dL (ten-fold elevation).
      This hypertriglyceridemia was associated with markedly increased production rates
      of both VLDL-TG (73.7 mg/kg/h) and VLDL-apo B (126.9 mg/kg/d). Consumption of a
      900-kcal 25-g fat diet resulted in a plasma TG level of 663 mg/dL. This reduction
      in plasma TG was associated with a 40% decrease in VLDL-TG production rate (PR)
      (45.1 mg/kg/h). There was no change in the production rate (PR) of VLDL-apo B.
      The hypertriglyceridemia in this patient was due to marked over production of
      VLDL. Furthermore, the studies demonstrate: (1) the independent benefits of
      caloric and dietary-fat restriction in the treatment of LD, and (2) that fat
      restriction lowered plasma triglyceride by its effect on the VLDL-TG production
      rate.

PMID- 6381962
TI  - Cold acclimation of obese (ob/ob) mice: effects on skeletal muscle and bone.
AB  - Obese (ob/ob) and lean mice at 4 weeks of age were housed at 23 degrees C or 14
      degrees C for 4 or 8 weeks to determine effects of acclimation to mild cold on
      the growth of skeletal muscle, bone, and fat. Body weights at 12 weeks of age
      averaged 48 +/- 0.6 g and 27 +/- 1.9 g for obese mice housed at 23 degrees C and
      14 degrees C and 29 +/- 0.5 g and 26 +/- 0.6 g and 26 +/- 0.6 g for lean mice
      housed at 23 degrees C and 14 degrees C, respectively. At 23 degrees C, muscle
      weights of obese mice were approximately 60% of those in lean mice. Muscles of
      obese mice did not grow during the first 4 weeks at 14 degrees C (4 to 8 weeks of
      age) but did show a small gain during the second 4 weeks (9 to 12 weeks of age)
      at 14 degrees C. As a result, by the end of 8 weeks at 14 degrees C, muscles of
      obese mice weighed only 35% to 45% as much as muscles of lean mice. Growth of the
      tibia and femur followed the same pattern as the muscles. Obese mice housed at 23
      degrees C from 4 to 12 weeks of age contained about six times as much fat as lean
      mice at this age. Although exposure to 14 degrees C for 8 weeks depressed the
      accumulation of fat in obese mice, they still contained approximately three times
      the percentage body fat as lean counterparts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6381961
TI  - Lipids, lipoproteins, and endocrine profiles during pregnancy in the African
      green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops).
AB  - In an attempt to establish relationships between the endocrine and lipid
      metabolism during pregnancy, the changes in total plasma cholesterol (TPC) and
      lipoprotein cholesterol that occur during pregnancy in the African green monkey
      were investigated longitudinally in ten females in relation to the changes in
      progesterone, estradiol, and fasting insulin concentrations. Respective means for
      TPC, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein
      (LDL) plus very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol were 343 +/- 35, 108
      +/- 9, and 235 +/- 36 mg/dL prior to the estimated date of conception in ten
      females fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet. The concentration of these lipids
      fell to 225 +/- 31, 54 +/- 4, and 168 +/- 29 mg/dL for TPC (P less than 0.001),
      HDL cholesterol (P less than 0.001), and LDL + VLDL cholesterol (P less than
      0.001), respectively, by midpregnancy (84 days). Progesterone concentrations
      increased during the first 60 days of pregnancy and were negatively correlated
      with HDL cholesterol concentrations (r = -0.57, P less than 0.02). After reaching
      their highest mean value, progesterone concentrations then plateaued at lower
      concentrations until parturition. The decrease in progesterone concentrations was
      associated with an initial rise in estradiol concentrations, which reached their
      highest concentrations in late pregnancy and were inversely correlated with HDL
      cholesterol concentrations (r = -.32, P less than 0.01). Although glucose
      concentrations remained steady during gestation, insulin concentrations were
      elevated compared to postpartum concentrations (P less than 0.05) suggesting that
      insulin resistance occurred during the pregnancy in this nonhuman
      primate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6381963
TI  - A double-blind study of the efficacy of neutral human and porcine insulin in type
      I diabetes using a glucose-controlled insulin infusion system.
AB  - The comparative potency of equimolar amounts of soluble porcine and semisynthetic
      human insulin were studied in ten patients with type 1 diabetes in acute
      experimental situations. In both situations residual subcutaneous insulin depots
      were eliminated by intramuscular treatment exclusively with soluble insulin four
      days before the experiments. Then, practically identical metabolic states were
      achieved by connecting the patients to a glucose-controlled insulin infusion
      system (Biostator) 12 hours before the study. In one study, 0.5 g/kg body weight
      of glucose was administered intravenously as a bolus, and thereafter insulin was
      infused at a rate of 1.0 mU/kg/min. The decline in blood glucose was rectilinear
      and identical for the two insulins: y = -1.18x + 206 and y = -1.17x + 205. The
      insulin effect is well below maximum, and a 10% increase in the infusion rate of
      insulin was easily detected. Although changes in blood glucose and pancreatic
      glucagon were identical, a significantly lower plasma growth hormone level was
      noted after human insulin infusion. In the second study, 24 hours of near
      normoglycemia was attained by the glucose-controlled insulin infusion system, the
      patients being supine and having identical meals at identical intervals. The
      diurnal blood glucose, plasma growth hormone, and pancreatic glucagon patterns
      were identical and the total 24 hour insulin consumption was 47.7 +/- 3.5 units
      and 47.7 +/- 3.7 units for the two insulins.

PMID- 6381964
TI  - Cloning and characterization of the alkaline phosphatase positive regulatory gene
      (phoM) of Escherichia coli.
AB  - The positive regulatory gene (phoM) for alkaline phosphatase of Escherichia coli
      was cloned on a mini-F plasmid pMF3 from the E. coli chromosome by a shotgun
      method. The hybrid plasmid pTHR32, which carries 10.8 kb chromosomal DNA,
      complemented both phoM and thrB mutations. The restriction map was constructed.
      Based upon this information, several PhoM- deletion plasmids and smaller PhoM+
      plasmids were constructed in vitro. By examining the phenotypes and the physical
      maps of these plasmids, we could define the phoM gene locus in a 2.5 kb region on
      the restriction map of the cloned chromosomal DNA fragment. The PhoM+ plasmid not
      only enabled a phoM- -phoR- double mutant to express phoA (the structural gene
      for the alkaline phosphatase) but also phoB (another positive regulatory gene for
      phoA). These results are consistent with a model for genetic regulation of phoA
      expression that proposes that both the phoM and phoR gene products activate phoB
      expression under phosphate starved conditions, and PhoB protein, in turn,
      activates phoA expression. The phoM gene product was identified by the maxicell
      method as a protein with a molecular weight of 60,000. A hybrid plasmid that
      carries a phoM'-'lacZ fused gene on mini-F vector pMF3 was constructed in vitro.
      This plasmid enabled us to study phoM gene expression by measuring the beta
      galactosidase level in the cells. The plasmid was introduced into various
      regulatory mutants related to the phosphate regulon, and phoM gene expression in
      these strains was studied under conditions of limited or excess phosphate. It was
      found that phoM expression was not regulated by phosphate nor by any of the pho
      genes. The transcriptional direction of phoM was found to be clockwise toward the
      thr operon on the E. coli genetic map. The fusion gene product interfered with
      phoB and phoA expression in the phoR mutants. Overproduction of PhoM protein
      increased phoB and phoA expression only in the phoR mutants. The implications of
      these findings are discussed.

PMID- 6381965
TI  - Isolation and genetic characterization of a thymineless death-resistant mutant of
      Escherichia coli K12: identification of a new mutation (recQ1) that blocks the
      RecF recombination pathway.
AB  - An Escherichia coli K12 mutant resistant to thymineless death (TLD) was isolated,
      and its genetic analysis led us to identify a new mutation (recQ1) located
      between corA and metE on the standard linkage map. The mutation was found to
      result in increased sensitivity to ultraviolet light and deficiency in
      conjugational recombination when placed in the recBC sbcB background, indicating
      that it blocked the RecF pathway of recombination. It seemed likely that this
      mutation is also capable of causing partial resistance to TLD, but we reserve the
      possibility of a separate mutation closely linked to recQ1 giving rise to this
      phenotype. The original mutant was shown to carry an additional mutation probably
      in the vicinity of the uhp locus, which was also required for the full TLD
      resistance of the mutant to be expressed.

PMID- 6381966
TI  - Expression of an artificial yeast TRP-gene cluster in yeast and Escherichia coli.
AB  - All five tryptophan biosynthetic genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were unified
      on plasmid pME554, which is based on 2 micrometer DNA and pBR322 sequences
      allowing for autonomous replication in yeast and E. coli. Homologous and
      heterologous expression of this artificial yeast TRP-gene cluster was studied.
      Plasmid pME554 allowed for nearly normal growth of a yeast strain bearing
      auxotrophic mutations in all five TRP-genes. The plasmid-borne genes TRP2 to TRP5
      were expressed and regulated normally in the frame of the general control. Gene
      TRP1, carried on an EcoRI/Bg/II fragment lacking the ARS1 function, was expressed
      poorly and did not respond to the general control like the chromosomally-borne
      TRP1 gene. Plasmid pME554 allowed for poor growth of E. coli strain W3110 tna-
      delta trpEA2 on minimal medium. Marked stimulation was observed, however, when
      anthranilic acid or indole were added. Accordingly, poor expression of the first
      Trp-enzyme anthranilate synthase and the last enzyme tryptophan synthase was
      found, whereas the other three genes were moderately well expressed in E. coli.

PMID- 6381967
TI  - UV-induced reversion of his4 frameshift mutations in rad6, rev1, and rev3 mutants
      of yeast.
AB  - The UV-induced reversion of two his4 frameshift alleles was much reduced in rad6
      mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an observation that is consistent with the
      hypothesis that RAD6 function is required for the induction of all types of
      genetic alteration in misrepair mutagenesis. The reversion of these his4 alleles,
      together with two others of the same type, was also reduced in rev1 and rev3
      mutant strains; in these, however, the extent of the reduction varied
      considerably with test allele used, in a manner analogous to the results in these
      strains for base repair substitution test alleles. The general features of UV
      induced frameshift and substitution mutagenesis therefore appear quite similar,
      indicating that they may depend on related processes. If this conclusion is
      correct, greater attention must be given to integrating models which account for
      the production of nucleotide additions and deletions into those concerning
      misrepair mutagenesis.

PMID- 6381968
TI  - Does calcium potentiate the bone-preserving effect of oestrogen treatment in
      early post-menopausal women by a change in vitamin D metabolism?
AB  - The effect of combined oestrogen/progestogen and calcium therapy on vitamin D
      metabolites was studied in a double-blind, controlled clinical study over a
      period of 12 mth. Seventeen healthy post-menopausal women were randomly allocated
      for treatment with either oestrogen/progestogen or placebo. All the participants
      received a daily calcium supplement of 0.5 g throughout the study. The oestrogen
      treated group showed the well-known changes in calcium metabolic variables, i.e.
      decreases in serum phosphate (P less than 0.001), serum alkaline phosphatase (P
      less than 0.001) and 24-h urinary calcium excretion rate (P less than 0.01).
      However, the serum calcium and serum 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol concentrations
      were unchanged. In the placebo group all the measured values remained virtually
      unchanged throughout the study. The findings indicate that calcium seems to
      potentiate the bone-preserving effect of oestrogen treatment in early post
      menopausal women by keeping the serum calcium level unchanged and thus
      maintaining an unchanged vitamin D metabolism.

PMID- 6381970
TI  - Calcium behavior in endotoxin-poisoned mice: especially calcium accumulation in
      mitochondria.
AB  - A possible role of intracellular Ca2+ and participation of calmodulin in cellular
      metabolism in endotoxin-poisoned mice were investigated. The levels of calcium in
      liver cytosol and liver mitochondria fractions in poisoned mice were markedly
      higher 18-48 hr after endotoxin injection than in the control mice. On the other
      hand, the levels of serum calcium in the poisoned mice were about 20% lower at 18
      hr than in the controls. The serum calcium levels in mice injected with 50 and
      100 micrograms of endotoxin showed no dose-response effect, but a dose-response
      effect was observed at a dose of 200-400 micrograms. The serum Ca2+ levels in
      endotoxin-tolerant mice were similar to those in the control mice. The levels in
      mice injected with glucocorticoid-antagonizing factor mice were about 14% lower
      at 3 hr than in the controls. The mice fed a vitamin D3- and calcium-free diet
      showed a higher mortality rate in the early stage (12-18 hr) of endotoxication
      than that of the mice fed a normal diet. The lipid peroxide levels and Ca2+
      ATPase activity in the liver mitochondria fraction in endotoxin-poisoned mice
      showed a higher level than those of the control mice. There was little or no
      difference in the levels of serum glucose between the mice injected with
      calmodulin antagonist (trifluoperazine, TFP) plus endotoxin and those given
      endotoxin alone. However, the liver glycogen levels in TFP plus endotoxin-treated
      mice were markedly higher than that in mice given endotoxin alone. Furthermore,
      calcium antagonist (verapamil) plus endotoxin-treated mice had about a 40% higher
      survival rate after 72 hr than those given endotoxin alone. The findings suggest
      that there is a possibility of participation of the Ca2+-calmodulin system in
      carbohydrate metabolic disorders during endotoxemia and that the changes in
      intracellular Ca2+ may result in various metabolic disorders.

PMID- 6381969
TI  - [Bacterial autolysins].

PMID- 6381971
TI  - Tonsillectomy. A controlled prospective trial.

PMID- 6381972
TI  - Captopril: a possible new side-effect.

PMID- 6381973
TI  - The Kerry Burke case and homoharringtonine.

PMID- 6381974
TI  - Management of chronic renal failure, 1983.

PMID- 6381976
TI  - [Clinical importance of the determination of blood volume by the dilution method
      using erythrocytes labelled with 99m Tc (technetium)].

PMID- 6381975
TI  - Guanidine extraction enhances the binding of human fibrinogen to group-B
      streptococci.
AB  - Treatment of group-B streptococci with guanidine chloride significantly enhanced
      their capacity to bind 125I-labelled fibrinogen. The increase in binding activity
      was almost proportional in the range of 0.05 M to 6 M guanidine chloride.
      Repeated extractions with guanidine chloride further increased the capacity of B
      streptococci to bind the labelled fibrinogen. On the other hand, urea, even at
      concentrations up to 8 M, did not alter the fibrinogen binding. The enhancement
      was most pronounced with B streptococci of serotypes III and III-R. Cultivation
      of these streptococci in Baker and Kasper medium, which is known to stimulate
      formation of microcapsules, reduced 125I-fibrinogen binding. Subsequent treatment
      with guanidine increased their binding activity, presumably by facilitating the
      accessibility of the binding sites.

PMID- 6381977
TI  - [30 years of the Dr. Slavoljub Bakalovic Neuropsychiatric Hospital in Vrsac].

PMID- 6381978
TI  - [Spina bifida from the historical viewpoint].

PMID- 6381979
TI  - [Description of a case of infantile cortical hyperostosis with thrombocytemia and
      an increase of immunoglobulins].

PMID- 6381980
TI  - [Evaluation of insulin-erythrocyte binding in children with diabetes at diagnosis
      and after insulin therapy].

PMID- 6381981
TI  - [Antibiotic therapy: use and clinical evaluation of a new antibacterial drug,
      ceftazidime (RG 159) administered parenterally in children].

PMID- 6381982
TI  - An overlooked tribute for Dr. William Worrall Mayo.

PMID- 6381983
TI  - Hippocratic medicine.

PMID- 6381984
TI  - The VA GRECC program. Study of the aging nervous system.

PMID- 6381985
TI  - Effects of dentinal bonding on the leakage of composite restorations.

PMID- 6381986
TI  - Missouri State Medical Association. Annual directory. 1984-1985 membership
      roster.

PMID- 6381987
TI  - [An experimental study of the effect of the posterior and celiac branches on the
      secretion of pancreatic glucagon, insulin, gastrin and secretin].
AB  - Effects of electrical stimulation to the posterior (P-S) and celiac (C-S)
      branches of the abdominal vagus on the secretion of pancreatic glucagon (GI),
      insulin (IRI), gastrin (IRG) and secretion (IRS) were studied in anesthetized
      mongrel dogs. Following P-S and C-S, plasma concentration of GI and IRI increased
      without any changes of blood flow in the cranial pancreaticoduodenal vein. The
      similar responses shown in their magnitudes and timing would indicate that the
      output of the hormones were accelerated by both branches to the same extent and
      subsequently the effect of the posterior branch was caused via the celiac one.
      Plasma concentration of GI and IRI in the portal vein increased was elevated
      following P-S, but remained unchanged following C-S. these data would account for
      that an increase in portal blood flow exceeded relatively that of the output of
      the hormones following C-S. Portal plasma concentration of IRG increased
      following P-S and this would be due to the accelerated production of antral
      gastrin via the posterior antral branches. No response shown following C-S would
      reveal that an increase of portal blood flow exceeded over the production of
      extragastric gastrin via the celiac branch. Portal plasma concentration of IRS
      remained unchanged following P-S, but decreased following C-S. However, as these
      results were strongly influenced by changes of portal blood flow, the effect of
      both branches on pancreatic secretion needed further investigation with blood
      flow measurement.

PMID- 6381988
TI  - Chromatin proteins associated with micrococcal nuclease-sensitive and nuclease
      resistant chromatin fractions of Kirkman-Robbins hepatoma and hamster liver.
AB  - Micrococcal nuclease-sensitive (SP) and nuclease-resistant (PP) chromatin
      fractions from Kirkman-Robbins hepatoma and hamster liver were obtained. The
      molecular distribution of three non-histone proteins (NHCP1, NHCP2 and NHCP3),
      histones, and chromatin-bound protease activity between SP and PP fractions of
      both tissues was compared. Differences, mainly of quantitative nature, among non
      histone proteins of neoplastic and normal tissue were observed. Moreover, it was
      found that polypeptides with mol. wt 81 000 (NHCP1), 39 000 (NHCP2) and 21 000,
      35 000, 37 000 (NHCP1), 70 000, 112 000, 141 000, 157 000 (NHCP2), 30 000-33 000
      (NHCP3) were associated only with the nuclease-sensitive part of chromatin of
      hepatoma and normal tissue, respectively. A major difference in histone
      composition of hamster hepatoma and liver concerns histones H2A and H1.
      Furthermore, an enrichment of high mobility group proteins as well as other
      soluble non-histone proteins in an acid extract of the SP fraction was observed.
      Apparently chromatin-bound protease activity can be found in both fractions of
      chromatin.

PMID- 6381989
TI  - [Does the hematopoietic stem cell exist?].
AB  - The hypothesis concerning the existence of a self-maintaining, i. e. "immortal"
      hemopoietic stem cell has no conclusive evidence. The data demonstrating the
      existence of hemopoietic cells with very high proliferative potentials, which are
      formed only during embryogenesis are discussed. Clonal expansion of these cells
      can support hemopoiesis during the entire life of the adult organism.

PMID- 6381990
TI  - [Comparison of the physical properties of ribosomal proteins from Escherichia
      coli 50S subparticles isolated by different methods].
AB  - Physical properties of ribosomal proteins obtained with or without denaturing
      agents were compared. CD measurements and PMR studies have shown that proteins
      L2, L19, L24 and L30 isolated under denaturing conditions have the same
      properties as those prepared avoiding denaturing agents. CD and PMR data of L1,
      L6, L11, L23, L25 and L29 obtained by us under denaturing conditions practically
      coincide with the data for these proteins obtained in "mild" conditions and
      published in the literature. These findings indicate that the differences of
      physical properties reported in the literature can be due to different procedures
      of protein renaturation rather than to the methods of their isolation.

PMID- 6381992
TI  - [Encounters with great pediatricians in the history of German pediatric health
      care].

PMID- 6381991
TI  - [Rapid palatal expansion. II: Clinical results].

PMID- 6381993
TI  - [Therapy possibilities in pediatric immunology].

PMID- 6381994
TI  - A procedure for the statistical evaluation of Ames Salmonella assay results.
      Comparison of results among 4 laboratories.
AB  - Ames Salmonella test data collected in our laboratory and 3 National Cancer
      Institute contract laboratories were analyzed to study the distribution of
      experimental errors associated with the test. It is shown that the Poisson
      distribution is not appropriate, and that the power transformation model Y =
      (revertants/plate)lambda, with lambda = 0.2 as estimated by the methods of Box
      and Cox, produced a measurement scale on which the experimental errors could be
      adequately described by a normal (Gaussian) distribution with a constant
      variance. The modeling procedure enables one to properly use analysis of
      variance, regression analysis, and Student's t test to analyze Ames Salmonella
      test results, and well-known statistical quality control procedures to monitor
      laboratory performance. The method detects weak mutagenic activity and measures
      the amount and uncertainty of the increase in revertants/plate. The development
      of the power transformation model is discussed and examples of its use in the
      interpretation of Ames Salmonella assay results are included.

PMID- 6381995
TI  - Bacterial reversion assay and micronucleus test carried out on hydrogenated
      glucose syrups 'Malti-Towa' (powder) and maltitol crystal.
AB  - Two preparations of maltitol (4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-sorbitol),
      hydrogenated glucose syrups and maltitol crystal, were examined for genotoxic
      potential by a battery of short-term tests. In the bacterial reversion assay,
      maltitol induced no detectable revertants in any of the tester strains,
      Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, or Escherichia coli
      WP2/pKM101 at doses of 0.5-50 mg per plate with and without rat liver S9 mix. In
      the micronucleus test, no significant increase in the frequency of micronucleated
      erythrocytes was observed in bone marrow of mice after administration of the two
      preparations at 3.75-30 g per kg by gastric intubation.

PMID- 6381996
TI  - Genetic effects of isoniazid and the relationship to in vivo and in vitro
      biotransformation.
AB  - The mutagenic activity of isoniazid, N-acetyl-isoniazid and hydrazine
      dihydrochloride was investigated in S. typhimurium. Isoniazid was found to
      possess a weak mutagenic activity only in repair-deficient strains TA1535 and
      TA100 as well as in the plasmid-containing strain TA92 (10-30 mg/plate) in the
      Ames test without metabolic activation. Addition of microsomal enzymes by S9 mix
      decreased this direct mutagenic activity. In contrast, preincubation of isoniazid
      with crude liver homogenate from mice, rats or Syrian golden hamsters for 4 h
      prior to plating with bacteria liberated a mutagenic compound which is equally
      active in both repair-deficient and repair wild-type strains (0.5-5 mg/plate).
      This activation pathway is independent of NADPH, is heat-sensitive and is
      operative only in a total liver homogenate in suspension. The highest capacity
      for mutagenic activation was achieved with liver homogenate from hamsters,
      followed by that from mice and rats. Furthermore, this mutagenic activation is
      paralleled by formation of hydrazine, as demonstrated in colorimetric
      measurements with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde. N-Acetyl-isoniazid is without
      mutagenic activity under similar conditions, and liberation of hydrazine was
      never detected. This means that, besides having a weak direct genetic activity,
      isoniazid is a promutagen, and formation of hydrazine is the first step in
      metabolic activation. It is concluded that the genotoxic properties of isoniazid
      in mammals are primarily determined by the pharmacokinetic behavior of the
      ultimate reactive metabolite. This result must be taken into consideration in
      risk assessment performed for mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of isoniazid
      in man.

PMID- 6381997
TI  - The mutagenicity on Salmonella typhimurium of nitrobenzoic acids and other
      wastewater components generated in the production of nitrobenzoic acids and
      nitrotoluenes.
AB  - The wastewater contained mutagens which induced mutations in Salmonella
      typhimurium TA1535, TA1538, TA98 and TA100. By the use of nitroreductase
      proficient and -deficient tester strains, it was possible to demonstrate that the
      mutagens were to a great extent aromatic nitro compounds. 30-40% of the
      mutagenicity could be related to the 16 identified nitroaromatic compounds.
      Although 13 of these induced mutations, one single compound, 3,5-dinitrobenzoic
      acid, was responsible for more than 80% of their total mutagenicity. p
      Nitrobenzoic acid was used for further studies of the enzymatic nitroreduction
      leading to the formation of reactive intermediates. The bacterial enzymes and the
      active metabolites did not seem to be oxygen-sensitive, as the mutagenicity was
      decreased when anaerobic incubation was applied. The addition of dicoumarol
      resulted in a decreased effect, indicating that bacterial DT diaphorase or an
      enzyme with similar properties is responsible at least in part for the activation
      of this compound. Under our experimental conditions rat-liver enzymes were not
      able to produce any detectable amounts of mutagenic metabolites of p-nitrobenzoic
      acid when the nitroreductase-deficient strain TA100NR was used.

PMID- 6381999
TI  - Non-mutagenicity of 27 aliphatic acrylate esters in the Salmonella-microsome
      test.
AB  - The mutagenicity of 27 acrylate esters was assessed in the Salmonella-microsome
      assay. Methyl, ethyl, butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, neopentyl, hexyl acrylate and
      methacrylate and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate were tested; furthermore ethanediol,
      butanediol, pentanediol, neopentanediol, hexanediol and diethyleneglycol
      diacrylate and dimethacrylate. None of these 27 acrylate esters appeared to be
      mutagenic in the standard Ames assay with TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98 and TA100,
      both with and without Aroclor 1254 or phenobarbital-induced S9 mix. A liquid
      incubation assay of methyl methacrylate, methyl, butyl and hexyl acrylate with
      TA100 neither gave any indication of a mutagenic activity of these compounds.

PMID- 6381998
TI  - Mutagenicity of hexachlorobutadiene, perchlorobutenoic acid and perchlorobutenoic
      acid chloride.
AB  - Hexachloro(1,3)butadiene (HCBD) is a well known environmental contaminant. The
      nephrocarcinogenic potential of HCBD has been shown in long-term studies with
      rats. Experiments were performed to assist in determining whether this effect is
      mediated by epigenetic or genotoxic mechanisms and to compare the mutagenic
      properties of HCBD with those of its monooxidation products, perchloro-3-butenoic
      acid (PCBA) and perchloro-3-butenoic acid chloride (PCBAC), which are conceivable
      metabolites of HCBD. All 3 compounds are mutagenic to the Salmonella typhimurium
      tester strain TA100. The mutagenic effect is dose-dependent and parallels the
      chemical reactivity of the compounds. HCBD is only mutagenic in the presence of
      drug-metabolizing enzymes (S9 mix) with an increased protein content. The
      mutagenic response after incubation with PCBAC and PCBA is 2-3-fold that of HCBD.
      Additionally, both PCBAC and PCBA exert a mutagenic response in the absence of S9
      mix. The experiments support the assumption of a genotoxic potential of HCBD.

PMID- 6382000
TI  - Comparison of oxiconazole (Ro 13-8996) and econazole in dermatomycoses.

PMID- 6382001
TI  - Drug-resistant Salmonella from animals fed antimicrobials.
AB  - It has been difficult to document the postulated sequence of events that begins
      with the selection of drug-resistant organisms in animals fed subtherapeutic
      amounts of antimicrobials and ends with clinically important infections in human
      beings. In early 1983 we identified 18 persons in four Midwestern states who were
      infected with Salmonella newport that was resistant to ampicillin, carbenicillin,
      and tetracycline and characterized by a 38-kilobase R plasmid. Twelve of these
      patients had been taking penicillin derivatives for medical problems other than
      diarrhea in the 24 to 48 hours before the onset of salmonellosis. Eleven patients
      were hospitalized for salmonellosis for an average of eight days, and one had a
      fatal nosocomial infection. We compared plasmid profiles of all human (six-state
      area) and animal (United States) S. newport isolates over an 18-month period and
      examined selected records of meat distribution. The results indicated that the
      patients had been infected before they took antimicrobials, by eating hamburger
      originating from South Dakota beef cattle fed subtherapeutic chlortetracycline
      for growth promotion. This study demonstrates that antimicrobial-resistant
      organisms of animal origin cause serious human illness, and emphasizes the need
      for more prudent use of antimicrobials in both human beings and animals.

PMID- 6382003
TI  - Effect of HLA typing and transfusions on cyclosporine-treated renal allograft
      recipients.

PMID- 6382002
TI  - Familial hyperproinsulinemia due to a proposed defect in conversion of proinsulin
      to insulin.
AB  - Familial hyperproinsulinemia is a genetic disorder characterized by elevated
      plasma levels of proinsulin-like material. In two previously described kindreds
      this has been shown to be due to a structural abnormality in the proinsulin
      molecule. We have identified a third family with hyperproinsulinemia in which
      there appeared to be a different defect. The propositus, a 12-year-old girl, had
      borderline glucose intolerance and markedly elevated immunoreactive-insulin
      levels on oral glucose-tolerance testing. Gel filtration of plasma revealed that
      66 per cent of circulating insulin immunoreactivity was accounted for by the
      proinsulin-like components. Two of four siblings, the father, and the paternal
      grandfather also had elevated fasting insulin immunoreactivity in the presence of
      normal plasma glucose concentrations and elevated levels of proinsulin-like
      material. In vitro tryptic digestion of plasma proinsulin-like material from an
      affected family member revealed that proinsulin was converted to insulin in a
      manner indistinguishable from that in the control. Similarly, proinsulin and
      insulin exhibited normal activity in a radioreceptor assay. These findings
      suggest that the proinsulin molecule in this family was normal and that
      hyperproinsulinemia was due to a defect in the conversion of proinsulin to
      insulin.

PMID- 6382004
TI  - Cimetidine, cigarette smoking, and recurrence of duodenal ulcer.
AB  - Three hundred seventy patients with recently healed duodenal ulcer entered into a
      one-year, double-blind, randomized multicenter trial comparing placebo with three
      different dose schedules of cimetidine (200 mg twice a day, 300 mg twice a day,
      and 400 mg at bedtime) for the prevention of recurrent duodenal ulcer. By the end
      of one year, the cumulative symptomatic recurrence rate as demonstrated by
      endoscopy was similar for the patients receiving the three dosages of cimetidine
      (19 per cent, 15 per cent, and 13 per cent, respectively; not significant),
      whereas the placebo-treated group had a 34.7 per cent symptomatic recurrence rate
      (P less than 0.01 as compared with each cimetidine group). Cigarette smoking was
      found to be an important variable; among the placebo recipients ulcer recurrence
      was significantly more likely in smokers (72 per cent) than in nonsmokers (21 per
      cent, P less than 0.001). The frequency of ulcer recurrence in smokers was
      significantly reduced by treatment with cimetidine (from 72 per cent to 34 per
      cent, P less than 0.). Smokers who received cimetidine were at least as likely to
      have a recurrence as were nonsmokers who received placebo (34 per cent vs. 21 per
      cent, not significant). Thus, smoking appears to be a major factor in recurrence
      of duodenal ulcer, and in smokers, giving up smoking may be more important in the
      prevention of ulcer recurrences than administration of cimetidine.

PMID- 6382005
TI  - Cyclosporine-associated chronic nephropathy.
AB  - We evaluated glomerular filtration in 17 recipients of heart transplants who were
      treated for 12 months or longer with cyclosporine (cyclosporin A). The control
      group consisted of 15 heart-transplant recipients who were treated with
      azathioprine and who had also survived for at least 12 months. Despite an
      equivalent cardiac output, the glomerular filtration rate was depressed (51 +/- 4
      vs. 93 +/- 3 ml per minute, P less than 0.005) in transplant recipients treated
      with cyclosporine. Cyclosporine treatment was also associated with reduced renal
      plasma flow (320 +/- 21 vs. 480 +/- 30 ml per minute, P less than 0.001). A trend
      toward restricted transglomerular transport of neutral dextrans (radii, 2.4 to
      5.8 nm) in cyclosporine-treated recipients suggested an intrinsic loss of
      ultrafiltration capacity by glomerular capillaries rather than a hemodynamic
      basis for the reduced glomerular filtration rate. Histopathologic examination of
      the kidneys of five cyclosporine-treated patients with glomerular hypofiltration
      revealed a variable degree of tubulointerstitial injury accompanied by focal
      glomerular sclerosis. Among the 32 heart-transplant recipients treated for more
      than 12 months with cyclosporine at our center, end-stage renal failure developed
      in 2. We conclude that long-term cyclosporine therapy may lead to irreversible
      and potentially progressive nephropathy. We recommend that cyclosporine be used
      with restraint and caution until ways are found to mitigate its nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 6382006
TI  - Thrombolytic therapy. A new strategy for the treatment of acute myocardial
      infarction (1).

PMID- 6382007
TI  - Current concepts. Cardiopulmonary monitoring of critically ill patients (1).

PMID- 6382008
TI  - Cutting costs of health care for the poor in California. A two-year follow-up.

PMID- 6382009
TI  - Cardiopulmonary monitoring of critically ill patients (2).

PMID- 6382010
TI  - Bone-marrow transplantation in a patient with sickle-cell anemia.

PMID- 6382012
TI  - Samuel H. Proger, M.D. 1906-1984.

PMID- 6382013
TI  - Access to care and the evolution of corporate, for-profit medicine.

PMID- 6382011
TI  - Plasma norepinephrine as a guide to prognosis in patients with chronic congestive
      heart failure.
AB  - Hemodynamics, plasma norepinephrine, and plasma renin activity were measured at
      supine rest in 106 patients (83 men and 23 women) with moderate to severe
      congestive heart failure. During follow-up lasting 1 to 62 months, 60 patients
      died (57 per cent); 47 per cent of the deaths were sudden, and 45 per cent were
      related to progressive heart failure. Statistically unrelated to the risk of
      mortality were cause of disease (60 patients had coronary disease, and 46 had
      cardiomyopathy), age (mean, 54.8 years), cardiac index (mean, 2.11 liters per
      minute per square meter of body-surface area), pulmonary wedge pressure (mean,
      24.5 mm Hg), and mean arterial pressure (mean, 83.2 mm Hg). A multivariate
      analysis of the five significant univariate prognosticators--heart rate (mean,
      84.4 beats per minute), plasma renin activity (mean, 15.4 ng per milliliter per
      hour), plasma norepinephrine (mean, 700 pg per milliliter), serum sodium (mean,
      135.7 mmol per liter), and stroke-work index (mean, 21.0 g-meters per square
      meter)--found only plasma norepinephrine to be independently (P = 0.002) related
      to the subsequent risk of mortality. Norepinephrine was also higher in patients
      who died from progressive heart failure than in those who died suddenly. These
      data suggest that a single resting venous blood sample showing the plasma
      norepinephrine concentration provides a better guide to prognosis than other
      commonly measured indexes of cardiac performance.

PMID- 6382014
TI  - Edward Gilbert Abbott: enigmatic figure of the ether demonstration.

PMID- 6382015
TI  - Resistance to challenge and macrophage activity in mice previously vaccinated
      with formalin-killed Cryptococcus neoformans.
AB  - Mice were vaccinated with formalin-killed Cryptococcus neoformans either
      intranasally, intravenously, or intraperitoneally. Resistance to lethal challenge
      and in vitro phagocytic activity of alveolar and peritoneal macrophages was
      studied. Increased resistance to lethal challenge was seen following vaccination
      by each of the three routes but increased phagocytic activity was seen only in
      alveolar macrophages from mice vaccinated intranasally.

PMID- 6382016
TI  - Pulmonary cell response in mice following intranasal instillation with
      Cryptococcus neoformans.
AB  - Cryptococcus neoformans was instilled intranasally into mice which were
      sacrificed to determine the fate of instilled cryptococci and the pulmonary
      cellular response. During the first 12 h, instilled cryptococci decreased
      significantly in numbers and did not disseminate to extrapulmonary sites. There
      was a transient increase in neutrophils which may have been due to an influx of
      bacteria which accompanied the process of intranasal instillation.

PMID- 6382017
TI  - [The alimentary ingestion, analysis and biological significance of thiocyanate].
AB  - A survey is given of the alimentary ingestion, metabolization and elimination as
      well as of the biological significance of thiocyanate (SCN-) in the mammalian
      organism. SCN- is an important nutritional factor since it influences essential
      bodily functions, e.g. immune response. Its analytical determination in vegetable
      and animal foodstuffs may be considerably affected by the reversible binding of
      SCN- to protein molecules and by natural products, e.g. amino acids and cyanide,
      from glycosidic precursors, which interfere with the reaction with bromine. This
      will be combining paper chromatography with gas chromatography. Except Brassica
      species which are relatively high in SCN- in glycosidic combination, vegetable
      foodstuffs contain nearly 0.1-1.3 mg SCN-/kg fresh material; animal foodstuffs,
      e.g. beef, contains 0.5-0.7 mg SCN-/kg. Balances calculations have shown that in
      non-smokers the average alimentary ingestion ranges from 1.8 to 5.2 mg SCN-/d.

PMID- 6382019
TI  - Diet in the Dark Ages.

PMID- 6382018
TI  - Cancer: mutant ras proteins and cell transformation.

PMID- 6382021
TI  - Sequence of a cDNA clone encoding human preproinsulin-like growth factor II.
AB  - The insulin-like growth factors (IGF) I and II are single-chain serum proteins of
      70 and 67 amino acids, respectively, which are synthesized by the liver and
      possibly other tissues. They are probably required for normal fetal and postnatal
      growth and development. They also stimulate the growth of cultured cells,
      possibly by controlling the progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
      In contrast to IGF-II whose concentration does not vary during postnatal
      development, the serum levels of IGF-I increase several-fold to adult levels
      during puberty. The serum concentration of IGF-I is a sensitive monitor of growth
      hormone levels and is decreased in individuals with growth hormone deficiency and
      elevated in those with growth hormone-secreting tumours. As a first step in
      studying the biosynthesis of these proteins and elucidating their role(s) in
      normal development and in tumorigenesis, we have isolated and sequenced cDNAs
      prepared from adult human liver mRNA which encode the precursors to IGF-I and 
      II. We report here the sequence of a cDNA encoding a 180-amino acid protein which
      is the precursor to IGF-II.

PMID- 6382020
TI  - Resolution of recombination intermediates generated during yeast mating type
      switching.
AB  - Interchromosomal gene conversion between alleles has been shown in yeast
      frequently to be associated with the recombination of flanking genetic markers.
      Although this also holds true for gene conversion between two alleles of the
      yeast mating-type (MAT) locus, initiated by the homothallic switching system, we
      find no evidence that crossing-over ever accompanies gene conversion between the
      non-allelic HMR and MAT genes when initiated by this same homothallic switching
      system.

PMID- 6382022
TI  - Insulin-like growth factor II precursor gene organization in relation to insulin
      gene family.
AB  - The insulin gene family, comprised of insulin, relaxin, insulin-like growth
      factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II) and possibly the beta-subunit of 7S nerve
      growth factor, represents a group of structurally related polypeptides whose
      biological functions have diverged. The IGFs, or somatomedins, constitute a class
      of polypeptides that have a key role in pre-adolescent mammalian growth (see ref.
      4 for review). IGF-I expression is regulated by growth hormone and mediates
      postnatal growth, while IGF-II appears to be induced by placental lactogen during
      prenatal development. The primary structures of both human IGFs have been
      determined and are closely related. A polypeptide highly homologous to human IGF
      II is secreted by the rat liver cell line, BRL-3A. As this polypeptide, termed
      multiplication stimulating activity (MSA), differs from human IGF-II by only five
      amino acid residues, MSA probably represents the rat IGF-II protein. Using
      molecular cloning techniques, we have isolated cDNA and chromosomal genes coding
      for the MSA and human IGF-II precursors, respectively. Our data, presented here,
      indicate that both MSA and human IGF-II are synthesized initially as larger
      precursor molecules. The deduced preprohormones both have molecular weights (MWs)
      of 20,100 and contain C-terminal propeptides of 89 amino acid residues, which we
      have named E-peptides. The organization of the IGF-II precursor gene is discussed
      in relation to that of other insulin gene family members.

PMID- 6382023
TI  - Human chromosomal mapping of genes for insulin-like growth factors I and II and
      epidermal growth factor.
AB  - Many of the actions previously attributed to pituitary-derived growth hormone are
      mediated by polypeptide growth factors. These include the insulin-like growth
      factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II), which are members of the insulin family of
      proteins. We report here the chromosomal mapping of the human genes for IGF-I and
      IGF-II. IGF-II maps to the short arm of chromosome 11, which also contains the
      gene for insulin and the proto-oncogene c-Ha-ras1 (ref. 9). IGF-I maps to
      chromosome 12, which is evolutionarily related to chromosome 11 and carries the
      gene for the proto-oncogene c-Ki-ras2 (refs 10,44). We have also localized the
      human gene for an unrelated polypeptide hormone, epidermal growth factor, to
      chromosome 4q, in the same region as another specialized growth factor, T-cell
      growth factor. We speculate that these map assignments reflect the existence of
      gene families involved in growth control.

PMID- 6382024
TI  - Localization of insulin-like growth factor genes to human chromosomes 11 and 12.
AB  - The insulin-like growth factors IGF-I and IGF-II are required for growth and
      development. Both are single-chain proteins (of 70 and 67 amino acids
      respectively) derived from precursors by proteolytic processing. IGF-I may be
      particularly important in promoting normal stature and IGF-II may be a fetal
      growth hormone. The IGF proteins are probably synthesized by many normal tissues
      and by some tumours. The secretion of growth factors by tumours and tumour
      derived cell lines suggests that they may act as autocrine regulators of cell
      proliferation. Because of the possible role of these proteins in growth disorders
      and cancer, and their sequence homology with insulin, we have determined their
      chromosomal localization. Using somatic cell hybrids and cloned cDNA probes for
      these proteins, we have assigned the genes for IGF-I and IGF-II to human
      chromosomes 12 and 11, respectively. We present evidence that the IGF-II gene is
      located on the short arm of chromosome 11 with a ras proto-oncogene and the
      insulin structural gene, and also suggest the existence of a fragment length
      polymorphism using the IGF-I probe.

PMID- 6382025
TI  - Immune sera recognize on erythrocytes Plasmodium falciparum antigen composed of
      repeated amino acid sequences.
AB  - Protective immune responses against the asexual stages of the human malaria
      parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, are most probably directed against exposed
      antigenic determinants on the surface of the free merozoite or the infected red
      blood cell, and therefore antigens in these locations are candidates for testing
      as components of a defined molecular vaccine. To facilitate the search for such
      antigens, we recently developed a method for the expression of P. falciparum
      proteins in Escherichia coli as fused polypeptides. Many clones producing
      antigens were detected by screening with immune human sera. We show here that
      antibodies against the fused polypeptide expressed by one such clone react with a
      P. falciparum protein that is synthesized late in schizogony and is later present
      on the surface of the ring-infected erythrocyte. The protein is composed of
      repeating subunits of 8, 4 and 3 amino acids and is present in all isolates of P.
      falciparum examined.

PMID- 6382026
TI  - Ring-opened alkylated guanine is not repaired in Z-DNA.
AB  - Since the discovery of Z-DNA by X-ray analysis of the alternated hexanucleotide
      d(C-G)3 crystals, numerous studies have shown that fragments of natural DNAs can
      adopt the Z conformation, topological constraints being a major factor
      stabilizing this conformation. Immunochemical assays using antibodies to Z-DNA
      provide strong evidence for the presence of Z fragments in chromosomes. The
      biological role of Z-DNA is not yet known, but it might be involved in gene
      regulation. Proteins which bind specifically to Z-DNA have been isolated and
      interactions between Z-DNA and several cellular proteins have been studied. The
      ability of DNA repair enzymes to maintain the genome's integrity is of major
      importance to the cell. On alkylation of DNA by chemical carcinogens such as
      dimethyl sulphate, methyl methanesulphonate, methylnitrosourea or
      methylnitrosoguanidine, the main target is the N7 of the guanosine residue,
      yielding 7-methylguanine (mG). In alkaline conditions, the imidazole ring of mG
      opens up, yielding the ring-opened form 2,6-diamino-4-oxo-5
      methylformamidopyrimidine (rom7G); this lesion is a block to DNA replication. It
      occurs in vivo and is enzymatically removed by the DNA glycosylase. Here we
      report that the lesion is not excised when present in DNA in the left-handed Z
      conformation.

PMID- 6382027
TI  - Effects of indomethacin on changes in renal blood flow induced by adenosine and
      its analogues in conscious dogs.
AB  - The effects of indomethacin on changes in renal blood flow induced by adenosine,
      NECA (adenosine-5'-N-ethyl-carboxamide) and 2',3'-dinitro-NECA were investigated
      in 6 chronically instrumented conscious dogs. Adenosine (187.5, 375 and 750
      nmol/kg, i.v.) induced a dose-dependent initial decrease, followed by a reactive
      increase in renal blood flow. NECA (1.5 nmol/kg, i.v.) also induced an initial
      decrease, which was, however, followed by a prolonged reactive increase in renal
      blood flow. 2',3'-dinitro-NECA (50 nmol/kg, orally) induced only an increase in
      renal blood flow. Indomethacin (27.9 mumol/kg, i.v.) caused no relevant change of
      the initial decrease and a significant attenuation of the reactive increase in
      renal blood flow induced by adenosine. NECA-induced changes in blood flow were
      affected by indomethacin in the same direction but to a greater extent than were
      adenosine-induced changes in blood flow. Indomethacin reversed the increase to a
      decrease in renal blood flow induced by 2',3'-dinitro-NECA. Thus, prostaglandins
      seem to be involved in mediating the response of renal blood flow to adenosine,
      NECA and 2',3'-dinitro-NECA.

PMID- 6382028
TI  - Computer assisted learning project.

PMID- 6382029
TI  - Derivatives of benzo(c)fluorene. X. Inhibitory effect of Benfluron on cellular
      immunity.
AB  - The effect of a cytostatic drug Benfluron-- 5(2-N,N-dimethyl-amino-ethoxy)-7-oxo
      7H-benzo(c)fluorene hydrochloride was tested in mice on skin graft survival,
      graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) and for mitogenic stimulation of human
      lymphocytes. Application of Benfluron resulted in a prolonged skin graft
      survival. The regional and systemic GVHR was potentially inhibited by p. o.
      administration of Benfluron at a dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight. Allogeneic
      spleen cells incubated with Benfluron at concentration of 5-20 micrograms/ml
      showed reduced capability to induce GVHR. PHA or PWM stimulation of lymphocytes
      was completely inhibited in the presence of 2 micrograms/ml Benfluron. Benfluron
      as a potent immunosuppressive agent can be considered useful for the prevention
      of GVHR.

PMID- 6382030
TI  - [Visual tooth color determination in dental practice].

PMID- 6382031
TI  - [Evaluation of bridges and crowns underneath the denture framework in general
      practice].

PMID- 6382032
TI  - [A popularizer of the anatomy of the masticatory system: Gerard Blasius (1626
      1682-1982)].

PMID- 6382033
TI  - Phenytoin in IgA nephropathy: a long-term controlled trial.
AB  - The final report of a long-term nonrandomized controlled trial of phenytoin
      therapy in patients with IgA nephropathy is presented. The mean time period of
      follow-up was 17 months (range 6-48) in the treated group (41 patients) and 14
      months (range 6-36) in the nontreated group (32 patients). Both groups were
      comparable in age, sex, onset of the nephropathy, blood pressure and renal
      function. The number of episodes per year of macroscopic hematuria decreased in
      both groups, but was significantly lower at each time period in the treated group
      than in the control one. The diminution of microhematuria only occurred in the
      treated group. 1 patient in each group developed advanced renal failure. The mean
      serum IgA concentration diminished significantly in the treated group, as early
      as 6 months, but not in the nontreated group. There was a certain association
      between the presence of the HLAA2 and BW 35 antigens and the lowering of serum
      IgA. A normalization of the high serum levels of polymeric IgA occurred in the
      treated patients. A marked diminution of the Raji IgA immune complexes, well
      correlated with hematuria, was only observed in the treated group. However,
      despite the diminution of the serum IgA levels, the disappearance of the
      potential pathogenic IgA immune complexes and the hematuria in a number of
      treated patients, a progression in the percentage of global or focal glomerular
      sclerosis and/or vasculointerstitial lesions was seen in some of them. It is
      concluded that phenytoin decreases the clinical activity and corrects some of the
      immunological alterations of a certain number of patients with IgA nephropathy
      but has no valuable effects on the renal lesions. The overall results of this
      trial do not suggest the employment of this drug in patients with IgA nephropathy
      and normal renal function. Our data also suggest that a nonimmunological
      mechanism may be of importance in the progression of chronic renal damage in this
      disease.

PMID- 6382034
TI  - Localization of catheter-induced urinary tract infections: interpretation of
      bladder washout and antibody-coated bacteria tests.
AB  - Accurate differentiation of upper from lower urinary tract infection (UTI) has
      been reported based on the presence or absence of antibody-coated bacteria (ACB)
      in the urinary sediment. The specificity of ACB localization in adults has been
      reported to be high based on a strong correlation with localization results
      obtained with the bladder washout technique. The present study examines the
      efficacy of ACB testing with respect to accurate anatomic localization of UTI in
      20 studies in 14 patients exhibiting bacteriuria as a result of chronic urethral
      catheterization. 17 studies (85%) demonstrated significant ACB. Localization of
      UTI was assessed in each study by the bladder washout technique. Following
      instillation of a washout solution, a normal decrease in colony counts was
      observed in only 3 studies (15%), a frequency significantly lower than the value
      of 90% previously reported in noncatheterized bacteriuric patients (p less than
      0.001). Each of these 3 patients was ACB-positive, yet anatomic localization
      indicated lower tract UTI. The observed characteristics of the 14 patients
      included the absence of upper tract signs and symptoms, and spontaneous clearing
      of ACB and bacteriuria following catheter removal. These findings suggest that in
      chronically catheterized patients, both (1) the observed abnormal resistance of
      bacteria to bladder washout and (2) the high frequency of positive ACB tests are
      indices of severe chronic tissue invasion and intense antibody production in the
      lower urinary tract in this condition and thus not of value in localizing
      infection to the upper tract. Neither ACB nor washout testing with current
      techniques can reliably localize UTI in chronically catheterized patients.

PMID- 6382036
TI  - Association of hepatitis B (HBs) antigenaemia and membranous glomerulonephritis
      in Zimbabwean children.
AB  - 8 Zimbabwean children are discussed in whom the nephrotic syndrome (NS) was a
      manifestation of membranous glomerulonephritis (GN) which was associated in every
      case with hepatitis B antigenaemia. This marks the first occasion that such an
      association has been reported in African children, although it has been
      thoroughly documented in children in Europe, the Far East and America.
      Microhaematuria, hypertension and mild to moderate renal insufficiency were
      frequent early associated findings, and every child exhibited hypocomplementaemia
      and a markedly diminished immunoglobulin G (IgG) level. The disease followed a
      benign course in the majority, and only 1 child died in renal failure.

PMID- 6382035
TI  - Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with IgM deposits. Clinicopathologic
      analysis and evidence for morphologic transitions.
AB  - To determine the natural history of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis
      (MesPGN) with IgM deposits and its relationship to minimal change disease (MC)
      and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FGS), we studied the clinical
      characteristics and outcome in 20 patients with MesPGN, 8 with MC, and 10 with
      FGS. IgM deposits were present in glomeruli of all MesPGN patients. Progression
      to FGS was documented in 2 patients with MesPGN, 1 of whom developed renal
      failure. Transition from MC to MesPGN occurred in 1 patient. 2 MC patients
      developed FGS, with decline in renal function in 1 of them. These data suggest
      the possibility of histologic transition from MC to FGS directly or through the
      stage of MesPGN.

PMID- 6382037
TI  - Therapeutic response of idiopathic edema to captopril.

PMID- 6382038
TI  - Nephrotic edema: etiopathogenic and therapeutic considerations.

PMID- 6382039
TI  - Multicystic transformation of kidneys in chronic renal failure.
AB  - With real-time sonography, 120 nondialyzed uremic patients prior to hemodialysis,
      108 patients on maintenance hemodialysis and 9 patients postdialysis after
      successful homotransplantation were examined for the presence of renal cysts.
      Even in incipient renal failure, multiple cysts were demonstrable in some
      patients (at a serum creatinine of 3 mg/dl in 22% of patients), particularly in
      patients with analgesic nephropathy. When hemodialysis was started (serum
      creatinine approximately 10 mg/dl), 35% of the patients had multiple cysts. On
      hemodialysis, the prevalence, number and size of cysts rose progressively with
      time. After 8 years of hemodialysis, 92% of the patients had multiple cysts.
      However, enlargement of the kidneys was observed in only 2/108 patients. No major
      clinical complications were noted with the possible exception of 1 case of renal
      cell carcinoma. No correlation was noted between hematocrit and presence or
      extent of cystic transformation, but the 2 patients with cystic enlargement of
      the kidneys were polyglobulic. In 8/9 patients after transplantation, cysts were
      demonstrable in the patient's own kidneys after a median follow-up of 16 months.
      On light microscopy, cysts were lined by cuboidal or columnar epithelial cells
      with frequent papillary or adenomatous proliferations. The cyst lumen was filled
      with amorphous or lamellated organic material, which exhibited microfibrillar
      structure on electron microscopy. One kidney examined after ex vivo perfusion
      fixation showed multiple interconnected cavities on scanning electron microscopy.
      Ultrastructural studies showed epithelia with either the characteristics of
      proximal tubular cells (i.e. numerous microvilli, interdigitations and abundant
      lysosomes or mitochondria) or distal tubular cells (i.e. highly interdigitating
      processes) or finally collecting duct cells (i.e. no interdigitations and few
      microvilli).

PMID- 6382040
TI  - [New possibilities in the determination of antiepileptics--use of the EMIT and
      FIA methods].

PMID- 6382041
TI  - [30 years of "Neuropsychiatry" and "Neurology"].

PMID- 6382043
TI  - Electron microscope immunocytochemical localization of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in
      the rat brain.
AB  - In order to identify the neuronal structures as well as the intracellular
      organelles which contain the newly discovered brain peptide, neuropeptide Y
      (NPY), we have localized this peptide by immunoelectron microscopy in brain areas
      containing high levels of NPY. Ultrastructural studies using both the pre- and
      post-embedding immunoperoxidase techniques have shown that NPY-like
      immunoreactivity could be observed in neuronal cell bodies, dendrites and axonal
      processes. In terminals, the reaction product was associated with the large dense
      core vesicles. Only a small percentage of the positive terminals were seen making
      synaptic contacts. These results support the hypothesis that NPY can act as a
      neurotransmitter or neuromodulator.

PMID- 6382042
TI  - Effects of estrogen-induced hyperprolactinemia on endocrine and sexual functions
      in adult male rats.
AB  - Chronic estrogen treatment can lead to development of prolactin (PRL) secreting
      pituitary tumors. We have tested the ability of diethylstilbestrol (DES) to
      produce persistent hyperprolactinemia (hyperPRL) in adult male rats and examined
      the effects of this treatment on hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular function,
      adenohypophyseal structure, copulatory behavior and fertility. Silastic capsules
      containing approximately 5 mg DES were subcutaneously implanted into adult male
      CDF (F-344)/CrlBR rats and removed 15 or 20 weeks later. Extreme hyperPRL, as
      well as suppression of plasma LH and FSH levels, persisted after DES capsules
      were removed. In contrast, plasma testosterone levels increased rapidly after
      removal of DES capsules and reached normal levels within 4-6 weeks. Copulatory
      behavior was assessed on two occasions between 7 and 14 weeks after removal of
      the DES capsules and was found to be suppressed in DES-treated rats, as evidenced
      by significant increases in latencies to mount, to intromit and to ejaculate.
      Moreover, when the animals were placed with normal females, the interval until
      conception was significantly greater in DES-treated than in control males. In
      spite of these differences in copulatory behavior, 10 of 11 DES-treated males
      were fertile. At autopsy, 44 weeks after capsule implantation (i.e. 24 or 29
      weeks after capsule removal), DES-treated rats had marked enlargement of the
      anterior pituitary, increased weights of the lateral prostate and the adrenals,
      increased levels of testicular hCG-binding sites, reduced concentration of
      dopamine and norepinephrine in the median eminence and increased concentration of
      LHRH in the preoptic area.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6382045
TI  - Curved biopsy needle for stereotactic surgery: a technical note.
AB  - Needle brain biopsy and aspiration is an important technique for the diagnosis of
      tumors and for the evacuation of fluid collections. Current biopsy methods use a
      straight needle, which has the disadvantage of requiring multiple passes through
      the overlying brain to obtain multiple biopsies. Furthermore, a straight needle
      does not give optimal samples of tumor for diagnosis because the needle passes
      through the viable rim of the tumor instead of along it. We are reporting a
      curved plastic biopsy needle suitable for computed tomography-guided biopsy. It
      remains inside an outer guide catheter that holds it straight until it reaches
      the edge of the tissue to be biopsied. At this point, the needle is advanced
      beyond the guide catheter and obtains the biopsy sample by passing around the
      edge of a tumor. This can in principle produce an improvement in diagnostic
      yield. Furthermore, multiple biopsies of the tumor from a single guide catheter
      position are possible. The surgeon rotates the curved needle within its guide
      catheter to redirect it before the needle emerges, and a different biopsy is then
      obtained without reinsertion. This avoids multiple punctures of the overlying
      uninvolved tissue. We are reporting the technique and beginning an evaluation of
      it.

PMID- 6382044
TI  - Lower extremity functional neuromuscular stimulation in cases of spinal cord
      injury.
AB  - Functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) provides a mechanism for the
      activation of muscles paralyzed by injury to the spinal cord. Although this
      technique was first used to treat patients with spinal cord injury over 20 years
      ago, only recent advances in electronics and biomechanics have made it a
      promising aid for the rehabilitation of these patients. Thus far, restoration of
      palmar prehension and lateral prehension in quadriplegics and of standing and
      biped gait in paraplegics has been achieved under carefully controlled laboratory
      conditions. This article reviews the current status of FNS and its potential as a
      practical tool to aid spinal cord-injured patients. Neurosurgeons who care for
      these patients might be expected to be involved in the future use of FNS if
      implantable systems are developed and tested.

PMID- 6382046
TI  - Behavior of the organs of the digestive system.
AB  - This review is concerned with interrelationships between the functions of the
      central organs of the digestive system. Complex interdependences determine the
      final result, the integral behavior of the group of organs. Thus the mechanism of
      the self-regulation of the function of the organ follow the natural laws for a
      coordinated achievement of the objective by means of the mechanism of self
      regulation of the function of the group of organs. Central influences ensure
      correlation of the behavior of the system as a whole.

PMID- 6382047
TI  - Atlas of cholinergic neurons in the forebrain and upper brainstem of the macaque
      based on monoclonal choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry and
      acetylcholinesterase histochemistry.
AB  - Choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry was used to map the cholinergic
      cell bodies in the forebrain and upper brainstem of the macaque brain. Neurons
      with choline acetyltransferase-like immunoreactivity were seen in the striatal
      complex, in the septal area, in the diagonal band region, in the substantia
      innominata, in the medial habenula, in the pontomecencephalic tegmentum and in
      the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei. The ventral striatum contained a higher
      density of cholinergic cell bodies than the dorsal striatum. All of the
      structures that contained the choline acetyltransferase positive neurons also had
      acetylcholinesterase-rich neurons. Choline acetyltransferase positive neurons
      were not encountered in the cortex. Some perikarya in the midline, intralaminar,
      reticular and limbic thalamic nuclei as well as in the hypothalamus were rich in
      acetylcholinesterase but did not give a positive choline acetyltransferase
      reaction. A similar dissociation was observed in the substantia nigra, the raphe
      nuclei and the nucleus locus coeruleus where acetylcholinesterase-rich neurons
      appeared to lack perikaryal choline acetyltransferase activity.

PMID- 6382048
TI  - Characterization of cholinergic neurons in the rat neostriatum. A combination of
      choline acetyltransferase immunocytochemistry, Golgi-impregnation and electron
      microscopy.
AB  - Immunocytochemistry with a monoclonal antibody against choline acetyltransferase
      has been used to characterise cholinergic neurons in the rat neostriatum. The
      light microscopic morphology, ultrastructure and synaptic input of these neurons
      was compared to that of the three types of large neuron found in Golgi
      preparations of the striatum. The cholinergic neurons are large and have long
      infrequently branching dendrites. Two of the immunoreactive neurons were also
      Golgi-impregnated and showed characteristics of the "classical" large neurons of
      the striatum. Examination in the electron microscope revealed that the synaptic
      input to perikarya and proximal dendrites is sparse, thus distinguishing them
      from another large type of neuron, found in the ventral regions of the striatum,
      whose dendrites and perikarya are ensheathed in synaptic boutons. It is concluded
      that one of the three morphologically distinguishable classes of large neuron in
      the striatum is a cholinergic neuron.

PMID- 6382049
TI  - Immunofluorescence distribution of alpha tubulin, beta tubulin and microtubule
      associated protein 2 during in vitro maturation of cerebellar granule cell
      neurones.
AB  - In vivo developmental immunocytochemical studies have recently shown that granule
      cell axons (parallel fibres) undergo progressive modification of alpha tubulin as
      they form permanent synapses, a change that is not observed in other microtubule
      containing structures (e.g. Purkinje cell dendrites). In this study we have used
      primary cultures of young rat cerebellum enriched in granule cells to follow
      maturation of their axons under defined in vitro conditions. Our results show
      that alpha tubulin is not modified in culture as assessed by immunofluorescence
      using monoclonal antibodies that recognise different forms of alpha tubulin. We
      have also confirmed in vivo data showing that microtubule-associated protein 2 is
      absent from granule cell axons at all developmental stages in vitro. The
      distribution of axonal cytoskeletal proteins is compared and contrasted during in
      vivo and in vitro maturation, and considered in relation to differences between
      the two systems.

PMID- 6382051
TI  - Regulating health professionals: a review of the empirical literature.

PMID- 6382052
TI  - From poor laws to pensions: the evolution of economic support for the aged in
      England and America.

PMID- 6382050
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of creatine kinase BB-isoenzyme and tubulin in
      gerbil brain.
AB  - Cellular distribution of creatine kinase BB-isoenzyme and tubulin was
      investigated immunohistochemically with tissue sections from various areas of the
      gerbil brain. Both the reaction for creatine kinase BB-isoenzyme and tubulin
      visualized nerve cell bodies, dendrites and axons. While the reaction for tubulin
      was similar between nerve cell bodies and their dendrites, the reaction for
      creatine kinase BB-isoenzyme tended to be more intense in dendrites. While the
      reaction for tubulin could be seen in nerve cell bodies of different sizes, the
      reaction for creatine kinase BB-isoenzyme was more intense in larger neurons.
      Both the reaction for creatine kinase BB-isoenzyme and tubulin visualized
      astrocytic cytoplasm but only in the corpus callosum and in the white matter of
      limited areas. Visualization of dendrites to their peripheries with the reaction
      for creatine kinase BB-isoenzyme may indicate participation of this isoenzyme in
      maintainance of high energy-phosphates locally within dendrites. A combination of
      the immunohistochemical procedure for creatine kinase BB-isoenzyme and tubulin
      may be very useful for demonstration of various pathophysiological states of the
      central nervous system which affect dendrites.

PMID- 6382053
TI  - [Effects of guanabenz on plasma renin and aldosterone and on sodium balance in
      hypertensive patients].

PMID- 6382054
TI  - [Effect of guanabenz, alpha 2 central agonist, on the activity of the sympathetic
      nervous system during dynamic and isometric physical exercise].

PMID- 6382055
TI  - [Effect of guanabenz alone and in association with a diuretic on blood pressure
      and on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in hypertensive patients].

PMID- 6382056
TI  - [Clinical and statistical considerations on a new drug in the therapy of arterial
      hypertension. Controlled study].

PMID- 6382057
TI  - [Treatment of arterial hypertension with a new drug combining guanabenz
      mefruside].

PMID- 6382058
TI  - [Clinical use of various dosages of a centrally acting hypotensive drug
      associated with a diuretic].

PMID- 6382059
TI  - [Treatment of idiopathic hypertension with guanabenz-mefruside].

PMID- 6382060
TI  - [Evaluation of cardiac function in patients with coronary disease. Critical
      review of various methods].

PMID- 6382061
TI  - [Clinical experimentation of cefoxitin in intensive therapy].

PMID- 6382062
TI  - [Plastic surgery for inguinal hernias according to Shouldice technic].

PMID- 6382064
TI  - [Proposal of a new cutaneous incision in radical mastectomy].

PMID- 6382063
TI  - [Technic of production of microvascularized free flaps].

PMID- 6382065
TI  - [Behavior of blood sugar and insulin during oral glucose stimulation after
      gastric surgery performed using different reconstructive technics].

PMID- 6382066
TI  - [Opioids and the digestive system].

PMID- 6382067
TI  - Development of GABAergic neurons in rat visual cortex as identified by glutamate
      decarboxylase-like immunoreactivity.
AB  - The development of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)-like immunoreactivity was
      studied in albino rats. GAD-positive structures appeared and accumulated in a
      characteristic temporo-spatial sequence: from embryonic day 18 onwards in lamina
      (L) I and subplate; after birth in L I-II, L IV-V and deep L VI including white
      matter; after two weeks in superficial L I, L II to L III-IV border, L V and L VI
      white matter. GAD-positive axon varicosities formed perisomatic 'baskets' on L V
      pyramids on postnatal day 8 and a few days later on those L II-III. During the
      third week GAD-positive structures attained adult densities and established
      different laminar patterns in the primary and secondary visual areas.

PMID- 6382068
TI  - Progabide as an add-on drug for epilepsy refractory to high dose antiepileptic
      drug therapy.
AB  - In a double-blind cross-over add-on trial an average daily dose of 2100 mg
      progabide or placebo were given for 3 months each as adjunctive therapy to 11
      patients with intractable complex partial seizures uncontrolled by a high-dose
      regimen of either carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin or primidone. A
      reduction or an increase in seizure frequency by more than 50% was seen in one
      patient each. Mild transient sedative side effects were observed in two patients.
      The plasma concentrations of the concomitant antiepileptic drugs remained
      unchanged. Progabide appears to be as effective as primary antiepileptic drug for
      adjunctive therapy in partial epilepsy refractory to previous high-dose therapy.
      Progabide does not seem to be the drug urgently needed for failures of standard
      therapy despite its few side effects.

PMID- 6382069
TI  - Direct electron microscopic evidence for the coexistence of GABA uptake and
      endogenous serotonin in the same rat central neurons by coupled radioautographic
      and immunocytochemical procedures.
AB  - In order to detect on the same preparation of rat brain both 5-HT-containing
      elements and [3H]GABA uptake sites, immunocytochemistry (ICC) and radioautography
      (RAG) were combined in electron microscopy on sections of dorsal raphe nucleus
      (DRN) involving supraependymal fibers (SEF). At the ultrastructural level, SEF
      and DRN dendritic processes could be ICC positive and RAG negative, ICC positive
      and RAG positive, ICC negative and RAG positive, or negative for both labelings.
      Because of technical limitations a negative reaction should be interpreted with
      caution. However, the results constitute another morphological basis for
      intracellular relationship of endogenous 5-HT and exogenous GABA and provide
      additional evidence for the possible bipotentiality of some neuronal elements for
      both transmitters.

PMID- 6382070
TI  - The regulation of amino acid and sugar absorption by diet.

PMID- 6382071
TI  - Calcium absorption and the calcium/phosphate ratio in the preterm infant.

PMID- 6382072
TI  - Beer drinking and the risk of rectal cancer.

PMID- 6382073
TI  - Human milk as a source of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids for preterm
      human infant neural tissues.

PMID- 6382074
TI  - Nutrition classics. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. Volume XVI, 1913. The
      fate of protein digestion products in the body. III. The absorption of amino
      acids from the blood by tissues. By Donald D. Van Slyke and Gustave M. Meyer.

PMID- 6382075
TI  - The piglet as a model for perinatal fatty acid metabolism in man.

PMID- 6382076
TI  - Effects of vitamin E and selenium on the toxicity of paraquat.

PMID- 6382077
TI  - The conversion of glucose to liver glycogen: a new pathway?

PMID- 6382078
TI  - Streptococci and rheumatic fever: a review.

PMID- 6382079
TI  - The control of postoperative pain by EMG biofeedback in patients undergoing
      hysterectomy.
AB  - Electromyographic (EMG) measurements from the forehead and rectus abdominis areas
      were undertaken in a group of patients presenting for elective hysterectomy. The
      efficacy of EMG auditory feedback as a means of inducing relaxation so as to
      modify the dose of postoperative analgesia was examined and compared with the
      dose in subjects having EMG measurements without audiofeedback. Comparison was
      also made with a group of subjects who did not have EMG measurements. Subjects in
      those groups who were given relaxation instruction received less postoperative
      analgesia than subjects not receiving this treatment. A reduction in EMG activity
      was demonstrated with auditory feedback, but this did not relate directly to
      reduced analgesic administration after surgery.

PMID- 6382080
TI  - Hydramnios and maternal renal failure: relief with fetal therapy.
AB  - Hydramnios and maternal renal compromise are described in a singleton pregnancy
      with a large fetal abdominal cystic mass. Both the hydramnios and the renal
      failure resolved after percutaneous drainage of the fetal cyst. Rapid
      reaccumulation of the mass resulted in redrainage and placement of an indwelling
      cyst/amniotic cavity diversion shunt. Successful continuous decompression and
      uneventful continuation of the pregnancy were observed for four weeks. The
      relationship between fetal abdominal masses and hydramnios is discussed.

PMID- 6382081
TI  - Recurrent idiopathic fetal hydrops: results of prenatal therapy.
AB  - A case of nonimmune hydrops recurring within a sibship is reported. Progressive
      severe fetal ascites and hydramnios at 31 weeks' gestation led to fetal
      paracentesis for both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. A successfully placed
      indwelling peritoneal-amniotic diversion shunt functioned well but became
      dislodged, and rapid recurrence of ascites and hydramnios required two subsequent
      drainage procedures. Neonatal death occurred from pulmonary failure after
      delivery at 34 weeks' gestation, as had happened in the similarly affected
      sibling. Amniotic and fetal peritoneal pressures, biochemical analysis, and
      bacteriologic studies of fluid samples are reviewed. Although this experience
      adds to the knowledge of fluid dynamics in fetal ascites and hydramnios, it does
      not clearly support or refute such therapy in the care of fetal hydrops from
      nonimmunologic causes. Management issues are discussed.

PMID- 6382083
TI  - Stress, pregnancy, and the workplace.

PMID- 6382082
TI  - Insulin stimulates androgen accumulation in incubations of human ovarian stroma
      and theca.
AB  - The effects of insulin on ovarian steroidogenesis were examined in four-day
      incubations of minced stroma and theca obtained from a woman with
      hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and acanthosis nigricans, and from a
      normally cycling woman. In incubations of theca obtained from the patient with
      hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and acanthosis nigricans, lutenizing
      hormone (LH) (25 ng/mL) alone stimulated androstenedione, testosterone,
      progesterone, and estradiol accumulation. Insulin (500 ng/mL) alone stimulated
      androstenedione and testosterone accumulation, but not progesterone or estradiol
      accumulation. In incubations of stroma obtained from the hyperandrogenism,
      insulin resistance, and acanthosis nigricans patient, LH (25 ng/mL) alone
      stimulated androstenedione and testosterone accumulation, but not
      dihydrotestosterone accumulation. Insulin (500 ng/mL) alone stimulated
      androstenedione, testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone accumulation. In
      incubations of stroma from the normally cycling woman, LH plus insulin acted
      synergistically to stimulate androstenedione accumulation. These results suggest
      that insulin may be a regulator of steroid biosynthesis in the thecal and stromal
      compartments of the human ovary.

PMID- 6382085
TI  - [A new method for impression taking in fixed prosthetics].

PMID- 6382084
TI  - [A new method for the construction of cast crowns].

PMID- 6382087
TI  - [Evaluation of various technics used in the reconstruction of dowels].

PMID- 6382086
TI  - [New sonic vibration instrument for the removal of tartar].

PMID- 6382088
TI  - [Use of preformed metal crowns in the rehabilitation of deciduous molars].

PMID- 6382089
TI  - [Trial manufacturing of a heat expansion measurement device directly attached to
      a microcomputer which does not regulate material form--measurement of metal
      bonding porcelain as well as raw investment stone].

PMID- 6382090
TI  - [Current status of the implantation technic].

PMID- 6382091
TI  - [The Kurer system. Preliminary note on the use of screws in reconstructive
      dentistry].

PMID- 6382093
TI  - Medicine's master marketeer.

PMID- 6382092
TI  - The trail blazer.

PMID- 6382094
TI  - Carcinoembryonic antigen expression and patient survival in carcinoma of the
      breast.
AB  - Immunoperoxidase staining was used to examine carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
      expression in 167 breast cancer cases. Patients with histological evidence of
      regional or localized breast cancer who lived less than 3 years or greater than
      10 years were assessed. Overall expression of CEA was 65%. There was no
      significant correlation in CEA expression and survival in either regional or
      localized breast cancer cases. There was no association between CEA expression
      and number of lymph nodes involved, size of tumor, parity, gravidity, blood type,
      or menopausal status of the patients in either group. When the lymph nodes of
      cases with regional breast cancer were examined, there was a statistically
      significant number of short survivors whose primary tumor was negative for CEA,
      but whose metastatic tumor expressed the marker when compared to long survivors
      with regional lymph node involvement.

PMID- 6382095
TI  - [Mechanisms of transdifferentiation and their relation to induction and
      competence].
AB  - The ways of transdifferentiation are considered: spontaneous and induced.
      Spontaneous transdifferentiation taking place after the disaggregation of cells
      in the clonal and cell cultures is determined by the competence of the
      transforming cells themselves. Induced transdifferentiation is determined not
      only by the competence but also by the effect of external inducing factors. It is
      suggested that the direction of induced transdifferentiation depends on the ratio
      between the external and internal inducing factors and on the character of cell
      cycles. It is probable that the inducing factors entering the cells during the
      early embryonic induction are reproduced in the cells in a dormant state and some
      of them do not reveal their presence until appropriate conditions are set. When
      the cells are isolated in the cultures, the ratio of these factors inside the
      cell changes and a competence to transdifferentiation is revealed which arises as
      early as during induction.

PMID- 6382096
TI  - [Immunofluorescence study of H-2 antigens in early mouse embryogenesis].
AB  - The time of appearance and degree of expression were studied for antigens of the
      main locus of histocompatibility of the mouse embryos by indirect
      immunofluorescence. H-2 antigens appeared on the 5.5 day of embryogenesis on the
      cells of still undifferentiated rudiments of embryonic endoderm and ectoderm. By
      the 8th day of embryogenesis, rather intensice fluorescence of the cells of
      amnion, yolk sac and embryonic ectoderm was observed suggesting a marked
      expression of H-2 antigens during this period. The cells of trophoblast gave
      practically no positive reaction with anti-H-2-serum.

PMID- 6382097
TI  - Refractive reconstruction for acute eye injuries.
AB  - Acute tissue repair from corneal trauma requires an understanding of basic
      corneal topography shifts in keratorefractive surgery. Avoiding astigmatism at
      the time of the initial repair is propitious, but may not be accomplished even
      with a careful understanding of the vector forces of suture material when tissue
      is lost from the cornea. Subsequent wound revision, tissue replacement, relaxing
      incisions or penetrating keratoplasty may be necessary.

PMID- 6382099
TI  - Variation in disposable corneal trephine sharpness.
AB  - During a recent corneal transplantation procedure, it was discovered that the
      disposable corneal trephine being used was dull; it would not even penetrate
      Bowman's layer of the recipient cornea. In contrast, the replacement trephine was
      sharp. The appreciable variation of trephine sharpness was confirmed by scanning
      electron microscopy. The consequences of poor quality in an ophthalmic surgical
      instrument are discussed.

PMID- 6382098
TI  - Dematiaceous fungal keratitis following penetrating keratoplasty.
AB  - A keratitis with an unusual, sessile, filamentary mass extending into the
      anterior chamber developed in a patient three weeks after penetrating
      keratoplasty. The causative organism was identified as Exophilia (Wangiella)
      dermatitidis, a dematiaceous fungus. The infection was cured with a combination
      of medical and surgical therapy. Inoculation of the isolate into rabbit corneas
      produced a similar keratitis from which the same organism was cultured.
      Miconazole levels measured in corneal tissue removed at surgery were
      approximately 25 times greater than the minimum inhibitory concentration for the
      fungal isolate.

PMID- 6382100
TI  - Lamellar keratoplasty using a freezing platform.
AB  - We have used a freezing platform to prepare donor corneal material for lamellar
      grafting. Once frozen, the donor material assumes the consistency of balsa wood
      and can be easily curved and shaped to fit irregular recipient sites. A method
      for determining proper fit between donor and recipient is also presented.

PMID- 6382101
TI  - Punctal ectropion test suture.
AB  - We describe here a technique designed to temporarily remove puncta from the
      lacrimal lake. The "punctal ectropion test suture" (PETS) temporarily rotates the
      punctum away from the globe, thus interfering with normal tear outflow. The test
      suture may be used wherever the value of closure of the punctum is contemplated.
      It is especially useful in symptomatic patients with borderline normal tear
      outflow.

PMID- 6382102
TI  - Simple treatment for congenital eyelid eversion.

PMID- 6382103
TI  - Hyperviscosity in whole blood, plasma, and aqueous humor decreased by doxium
      (calcium dobesilate) in diabetics with retinopathy and glaucoma: a double-blind
      controlled study.
AB  - 50 patients with diabetes mellitus of 2-7 years' duration were divided by a
      random method into 2 equal groups, one of which received 1,500 mg of Doxium
      (calcium dobesilate) daily for 3 months, the other group receiving a placebo. All
      the patients had diabetic retinopathy, open-angle glaucoma, raised intraocular
      pressure, and hyperviscosity of whole blood, plasma, and aqueous humor. 10
      patients in each group underwent operation for glaucoma. At the end of the trial
      the state of the retina, the visual acuity, and the visual fields had improved,
      and the intraocular pressure and the 3 viscosity values had fallen to a
      statistically significant extent in the Doxium group compared with the initial
      status and with the placebo group. These results are consistent with Doxium's
      known action in reducing capillary fragility, microvascular hyperpermeability,
      and blood viscosity.

PMID- 6382104
TI  - Epikeratophakia in children.
AB  - Epikeratophakia was performed in 61 children for the correction of aphakia after
      the removal of unilateral congenital or traumatic cataracts; 51 patients (54
      grafts) have more than 6 months follow-up. In the first 27 grafts, 8 (30%)
      failed, but in the last 27 grafts, only 2 (7%) failed, largely due to improved
      surgical and tissue handling techniques. The average increase in corneal
      refractive power for the early patients was 12.68 +/- 4.63 D with an average
      overrefraction of +0.45 +/- 5.60 D. The last half of the patients showed an
      average increase of 14.83 +/- 4.83 D, with an average overrefraction of -0.00 +/-
      5.20 D. Visual acuity results in patients with traumatic cataracts have been the
      most satisfactory, with the majority of patients obtaining useful vision. It also
      appears that in patients with congenital cataracts, the younger the patient at
      the time of surgery, the greater the chance for a good visual result. Some
      improvement in vision has been seen in all of the children with successful
      grafts, even those beyond the age when amblyopia therapy would be considered to
      have some potential for therapeutic effect. By attaching the correction
      permanently on the eye, epikeratophakia facilitates the vigorous occlusion
      therapy required after cataract extraction in these children.

PMID- 6382105
TI  - Prospective evaluation of myopic keratomileusis.
AB  - The initial results of a prospective evaluation of myopic keratomileusis are
      reported. The procedure was attempted on 42 eyes, with an average follow-up of 10
      months. The average reductions of myopia were 7.05 D and 11.59 D when measured by
      keratometry and refraction, respectively. Regular astigmatism increased by 0.50 D
      on keratometry, but there was no change in the refractive cylinder. The majority
      of patients had some irregular astigmatism on corneoscopy. The average percent
      correction, based on refraction, was 94.1 +/- 24%, and the correlation
      coefficient was 0.43. Visual rehabilitation was rapid. No patient followed for 1
      year or more had a decrease in the best-corrected acuity, and 63% of this group
      had an average improvement of 1.5 lines with as much as five lines. The final
      refraction may take up to 6 months to stabilize. Complications consisted of
      epithelium and debris in the interface and focal necrosis of Bowman's membrane.
      The technique is difficult but may have application in the visual rehabilitation
      of the high myope.

PMID- 6382106
TI  - Keratophakia and keratomileusis: histopathologic, ultrastructural, and
      experimental studies.
AB  - We present ultrastructural findings in two cases, one of keratophakia (9 months
      postoperatively) and one of keratomileusis (1 year, 7 months post-operatively),
      which best demonstrate the pathologic changes we observed in six cases of
      cryorefractive surgery. In addition, we studied a rabbit model of keratophakia
      which appears to exhibit similar features to that of human keratophakia. In the
      keratomileusis cases, there were marked abnormalities, including deposition of
      redundant basal lamina, loss of Bowman's membrane and deposition of a 6 nm
      fibrillar material in areas devoid of Bowman's membrane. In keratophakia
      lenticule we noted the absence of keratocyte regeneration, abnormal deposition of
      long-spacing collagen, and the presence of necrotic cellular debris. In
      experimental keratophakia, little to no evidence of keratocyte regeneration was
      evident 4 months after surgery. Keratophakia lenticules implanted into actively
      regenerating corneas induced by freeze injury exhibit only a slight increase in
      the number of keratocytes migrating into the donor tissue, suggesting that
      implants lack a primary factor necessary for keratocyte regeneration.
      Immunofluorescent localization of fibronectin and fibrinogen demonstrated absence
      of these factors in normal host stroma, implanted lenticules and freeze injured
      corneal stroma. Actively migrating fibroblasts, however, did react positively for
      fibronectin, suggesting that these cells synthesize and secrete fibronectin
      during regeneration. These results do not support a role for soluble fibronectin
      or fibrinogen in keratocyte repopulation.

PMID- 6382107
TI  - Cosmetic bonding in practice.

PMID- 6382108
TI  - Aesthetic attachments for short clinical crowns in removable prosthodontics--a
      technique.

PMID- 6382109
TI  - Scintigraphic evaluation in musculoskeletal sepsis.
AB  - In this article, the mechanism of technetium, gallium, and indium-labeled white
      blood cell localization in septic processes is detailed, and the method of
      interpretation of these three isotopes with relationship to musculoskeletal
      infection is outlined. Specific clinical application of technetium, gallium, and
      indium-labeled white blood cell imaging for musculoskeletal sepsis is reviewed.

PMID- 6382110
TI  - Open cancellous bone grafting of infected bone defects.
AB  - A historical review of the role of cancellous bone grafting in the management of
      bone infections is presented. The technique of open cancellous bone grafting is
      explained in detail, along with the early experience of the author. The
      indications, advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of this technique are
      discussed.

PMID- 6382111
TI  - Vascularized bone segment transfers for management of chronic osteomyelitis.
AB  - Vascularized bone segment transfer procedures appear to be of value for select
      cases of chronic osteomyelitis. They are particularly indicated for
      reconstruction in those patients who require an extensive bone resection for an
      adequate debridement. In the authors' series, apparent control of sepsis was
      achieved in approximately 85 per cent of patients with this procedure. Secondary
      surgical procedures were necessary in about half of the group to achieve bony
      union and complete healing.

PMID- 6382112
TI  - Vascularized muscular and musculocutaneous flaps for management of osteomyelitis.
AB  - Thirty-three cases of recalcitrant osteomyelitis treated by free tissue transfer
      are reviewed. The immediate success rate was 76 per cent; however, on follow-up
      for at least 1 year, there was a 12 per cent rate of recurrent drainage. The
      authors conclude that this is a good operation for this problem but that it is
      not a panacea because if followed long enough, a significant number of patients
      will develop recurrent drainage.

PMID- 6382113
TI  - Infected nonunion of the femur and tibia.
AB  - The data presented in this article support the view that first saucerizing the
      infected bone and then grafting give good results. Immediate bone grafting, that
      is, bone grafting within a few days or weeks of saucerization, will fail when
      insufficient care has been employed in preparing the area for bone grafting.
      Using finely divided cancellous bone combined with a suitable fixator is
      important. Treatment of a nonunion can be successful without bone grafting if,
      after complete saucerization, stability is achieved by a brace, cast, or external
      fixator. Failure in all categories of patients is, in the main, due to failure to
      control the infection or inadequate stabilization. Posterolateral bone grafting
      may be an excellent alternative and was used in 20 per cent of the patients with
      tibial nonunion and a substantial loss of tibial shaft.

PMID- 6382114
TI  - Antimicrobial therapy in musculoskeletal surgery.
AB  - The treatment of musculoskeletal infections often involves a combined surgical
      and antibiotic approach. The antimicrobial therapy of these infections does not
      differ in basic principles from that of other infections. Because many different
      microorganisms can cause musculoskeletal infection, appropriate antimicrobial
      therapy depends on proper culturing, isolation, identification, and antibiotic
      susceptibility testing of the etiologic infectious agent. The need for long-term
      treatment makes the proper selection of antibiotic and monitoring of therapy
      imperative. The least toxic, least expensive, and most effective antibiotic
      should be selected.

PMID- 6382115
TI  - [Hypokalemia caused by hyperinsulinemia in infancy and childhood (based on 18
      cases)].

PMID- 6382117
TI  - [Medical history notes on the studies and achievements of Prof. Istvan Hatvani
      (l718-1786), the "Hungarian Faust"].

PMID- 6382116
TI  - [Tolazoline and dopamine in the management of persistent fetal circulation].

PMID- 6382118
TI  - [Caspar Friedrick Wolff (1733-1794), founder of modern ontogeny].

PMID- 6382119
TI  - [ The teaching and cultivating of the history of medicine in Czechoslovakia].

PMID- 6382121
TI  - [The school years of Ferenc Toldy in Cegled].

PMID- 6382120
TI  - [Letter of Jozsef Hollos to Endre Ady and Oszkar Jaszi (Ady's connection with the
      radical movement in Szeged)].

PMID- 6382122
TI  - [The American travel of the physician-chemist Karoly Nendtvich in 1885].

PMID- 6382123
TI  - A review and evaluation of theories of refractive error development.
AB  - A review of theories of the development of refractive errors is presented. These
      are classified into three major groups: the biological-statistical theories, the
      use-abuse theories and theories of emmetropization. They are commented upon and
      their merits contrasted. Current research developments which relate to these
      theories are discussed.

PMID- 6382124
TI  - Pennsylvania Medical Society: Membership directory 1984-85.

PMID- 6382125
TI  - Use of acetyl cysteine in respiratory tract disease in children.

PMID- 6382126
TI  - Corticosteroid in the treatment of cerebral malaria.

PMID- 6382127
TI  - Humoral and cellular immunity in patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. A
      2 year follow-up with and without flubendazole treatment.
AB  - Parameters of humoral and cellular immunity were assessed in 12 patients with
      alveolar echinococcosis (AE) of the liver before, during and after
      discontinuation of treatment with flubendazole (FZ). In infected patients, before
      any medical treatment values of serum IgG, IgA, total haemolytic complement and
      C4 were significantly higher than those observed in control subjects; IgA levels
      were higher in jaundiced patients. Specific antibodies assayed by indirect
      haemagglutination and immunoelectrophoresis were present only in infected
      patients and were shown to decrease by the sixth month of treatment; however,
      similar fluctuations were observed without treatment. The percentage and absolute
      number of B lymphocytes, and total circulating lymphocytes, were significantly
      lower in patients with AE. An impairment of functional activity of T cells
      assayed by the leucocyte migration test, with PPD and Candidin as antigens, was
      demonstrated despite a normal percentage of SRBC rosettes. The 'score' of
      migration index still decreased during FZ treatment and returned to initial
      values after the year of follow-up without treatment. These results suggest that
      human AE is associated with important immunological disturbances. Changes in
      humoral immunity can be unequivocally considered to be a consequence of the
      parasite infection. The primary or secondary nature of the impairment of cellular
      immune responses and its mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Flubendazole could
      be responsible for an increase of cellular immune alterations in these patients.

PMID- 6382128
TI  - Circulating antigens, antibodies and immune complexes in experimental Taenia
      pisiformis infections of rabbits.
AB  - Circulating antigen has been detected in the serum of rabbits experimentally
      infected with Taenia pisiformis. A rabbit antiserum against an antigen
      preparation derived from the in vitro maintenance of living metacestodes of T.
      pisiformis was used in a double-antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA). Antigen was detected in infected rabbit serum 48 h after infection and
      peak levels were recorded at 2 weeks post-infection or post-challenge. The
      pattern of circulating immune complex formation followed closely that of
      circulating antigen, and infected rabbit serum contained both anti-metacestode
      and antioncospheral antibodies. Serum antigen levels were just detectable (0.4
      0.8 micrograms protein/ml) over the period (greater than 2 weeks post-infection)
      of peritoneal cyst development. The circulating antigen probably has antigenic
      determinants in common with the oncosphere, juvenile and mature metacestode
      stages. Possible reasons for the temporal variation in serum antigen levels are
      discussed.

PMID- 6382129
TI  - [Minicomputer program for memory storage and analysis of histopathological
      diagnoses: applications in vascular pathology].

PMID- 6382130
TI  - [Epithelial membrane antigens. Applications in the differential diagnosis of
      carcinoma and lymphoma].

PMID- 6382131
TI  - [Anatomo-pathological method of examining the brain for a comparison with
      computerized axial tomography (CAT). Technical note].

PMID- 6382132
TI  - Syndromes of hypothalamic obesity in man.

PMID- 6382134
TI  - Diminished bactericidal capacity for group B Streptococcus in neutrophils from
      "stressed" and healthy neonates.
AB  - This study compared the bactericidal capacity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes
      (PMNs) from neonates and adults for type Ic group B Streptococcus (GBS), and
      examined the effect of severe stress on the bactericidal capacity of PMNs from
      newborn infants. PMNs were obtained from three study groups: 26 adults, 13
      healthy neonates (cord blood), and 29 stressed neonates. Stress was defined as an
      acute respiratory illness or bacterial infection requiring assisted ventilation.
      Bacterial killing was assessed using a fluorochrome microassay and PMNs adherent
      to glass coverslips. PMNs from stressed infants killed significantly fewer GBS
      than PMNs from adults (P less than 0.001 at both time points). PMNs from healthy
      infants also demonstrated reduced killing compared with adults (P less than 0.01
      at 60 min; P less than 0.001 at 90 min). There was no significant difference in
      bacterial killing between stressed and healthy neonates and no correlation
      between bactericidal capacity and age at time of study, gestational age, birth
      weight, peripheral leukocyte count, or Apgar scores. Therefore, the bactericidal
      capacity for GBS by PMNs from neonates is diminished; however, it is not further
      compromised by stress.

PMID- 6382133
TI  - Wegener's granulomatosis in childhood. Review of the literature and case report.
AB  - Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is a rare disease in pediatric patients. The case
      of a 14-year-old girl with generalized WG is described and the pediatric
      literature reviewed. Thirty additional cases of WG in childhood have been traced
      in previous studies. Diagnostic problems are discussed in the context of
      clinical, radiological and biopsy findings.

PMID- 6382135
TI  - Postheparin plasma lipase activities and plasma lipoproteins in newborn infants.
AB  - We measured blood glucose, serum insulin and apoprotein A-I and A-II, and
      triglycerides and cholesterol contained in serum lipoprotein fractions of 24 full
      term newborn infants who underwent exchange transfusion with heparinized blood
      for hematological reasons. The values were similar to those previously reported
      for healthy newborn infants. We also measure lipoprotein and hepatic lipase
      activities with specific methods. Fifteen minutes after an intravenous heparin
      bolus of 100 IU/kg, mean lipoprotein lipase activity in infants (16.0 mumol free
      fatty acids/ml/h) was as in adults. In contrast, hepatic lipase activity was
      significantly higher in infants (54.3 mumol free fatty acids/ml/h) than in
      adults. There was no sex difference in the infant lipase activities. Lipoprotein
      and hepatic lipase activities were also measured 5 and 15 min after a heparin
      bolus of 10 and 50 IU/kg: 10 IU/kg released only part of the lipase activities.
      In addition, the two lipases were measured during the exchange transfusion.
      Although 92% of the original infant blood was removed, lipoprotein lipase
      activity remained constant. In contrast, hepatic lipase activity decreased
      considerably. In infants, postheparin lipolytic activity is a conventional
      measure of lipoprotein lipase. Lipoprotein and hepatic lipases comprise 95% of
      postheparin lipolytic activity. In our infants, hepatic lipase activity was 3.4
      times higher than lipoprotein lipase activity. Hence, it seems unjustified to use
      postheparin lipolytic activity as a measure of lipoprotein lipase.

PMID- 6382136
TI  - A new form of insulin resistance with growth retardation, fatty liver, and
      hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
AB  - A 17-year-old boy presented with growth retardation, marked hepatomegaly, and
      sexual infantilism. Elevated fasting serum insulin levels and a blunted
      hypoglycemic response to exogenous insulin (up to 0.35 unit/kg) demonstrated
      severe insulin resistance. Neither anti-insulin nor anti-insulin receptor
      antibodies were present. The molecular size of his circulating insulin and its
      binding to IM-9 lymphocytes was normal. Despite high circulating insulin values,
      both erythrocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts showed normal insulin binding
      capacity and affinity. Tissue responsiveness was examined by measuring the
      insulin-induced increase in 2-deoxyglucose uptake into fibroblasts. Although the
      basal glucose transport rate was slightly lower than that of controls, the
      insulin-induced increase was normal. However, the normal increase in thymidine
      incorporation in response to insulin was blunted, as were the thymidine
      incorporation responses to epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor.
      These studies demonstrate the possible existence of a new form of post-insulin
      receptor defect as a cause of insulin resistance, but underscore the difficulty
      that exists in defining the exact nature of the defect in these disorders.

PMID- 6382138
TI  - Monoclonal antibody 2-2-B kills K1-positive Escherichia coli in conjunction with
      cord blood neutrophils and sera, but not with spinal fluid.
AB  - In conjunction with 400 ng/ml murine monoclonal antibody of the IgM class, cord
      neutrophils were able to kill K1-positive Escherichia coli in an in vitro
      opsonophagocytic assay. Neither adult nor cord neutrophils mediated bacterial
      killing in the absence of this monoclonal antibody. This bactericidal capacity
      was observed with eight of 11 (73%) but not all cord neutrophil samples, and
      under conditions of bacteria to neutrophil ratios as high as 15:1. Increasing the
      monoclonal antibody concentration up to 12 micrograms/ml paradoxically resulted
      in significantly lower amounts of bacterial killing. All 11 cord serum samples
      had sufficient complement activity to permit this monoclonal antibody to
      function; however, neonatal cerebrospinal fluid was not an effective complement
      source. We conclude that this monoclonal antibody may be a useful adjunct to
      conventional therapy of invasive disease caused by K1-positive E. coli; but it
      would have to work at the bacteremic phase of infection.

PMID- 6382137
TI  - Cytidine 5'-diphosphate reductase and thymidine kinase activities in
      phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes of normal subjects of various ages and
      patients with immunodeficiency.
AB  - The activities of CDP reductase and thymidine kinase in 10(6) to 5 X 10(6)
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocytes isolated from 2 to 5 ml of
      peripheral blood of individual subjects were measured. The activities of CDP
      reductase (pmol/h/10(7) cells) and thymidine kinase (nmol/h/10(7) cells) were
      high in infants, 698 +/- 307 and 64.2 +/- 20.2, constant in subjects of 1-40
      years old, 401 +/- 181 and 38.1 +/- 15.3, and low in persons of more than 80
      years old, 121 +/- 113 and 22.3 +/- 17.8, respectively. The ratio of thymidine
      kinase to CDP reductase activity increased with age, indicating that dependency
      on the salvage pathway of DNA synthesis in lymphocytes increased with age. The
      activities of CDP reductase and thymidine kinase were reduced in patients with
      the hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome, congenital cytomegalovirus infection,
      anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with hyperimmunoglobulin A, Bloom's syndrome,
      immunodeficiency with hyperimmunoglobulinemia, and Down's syndrome. The clinical
      symptoms of these diseases seem to be due to impaired DNA synthesis of PHA
      stimulated lymphocytes, but the degrees of reduction of enzyme activities were
      generally greater than that of thymidine incorporation in these patients.

PMID- 6382140
TI  - [Salmonella infections in children].

PMID- 6382139
TI  - Lipid profiles and lipase activities in children and adolescents with chronic
      renal failure treated conservatively or with hemodialysis or transplantation.
AB  - To elucidate the pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia in chronic renal disease in
      children and adolescents, we have measured serum triglyceride, total cholesterol,
      high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and activities of postheparin plasma
      lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) in nine patients
      with transplants, and nine hemodialyzed and 18 conservatively treated patients
      with chronic renal failure. In 29 of 36 patients, serum insulin levels both in
      fasting and in response to oral glucose load were measured. The lipase activities
      were measured separately, utilizing antiserum against hepatic triglyceride
      lipase. All groups of patients had hypertriglyceridemia. The patients with
      endogenous creatinine clearance less than 20 ml/min/m2 had a low HDL-C level. The
      HDL-C level was correlated inversely with serum triglyceride level and positively
      with glomerular filtration rate. The lipoprotein lipase activities were low in
      patients with endogenous creatinine clearance less than 20 ml/min/m2. Although
      hepatic triglyceride lipase activities were not significantly low in any groups
      of patients, they were correlated with glomerular filtration rates in the
      conservatively treated patients with chronic renal failure. A defective
      triglyceride removal due to low lipase activities may contribute to uremic
      hypertriglyceridemia in these patients. On the other hand, patients with
      transplants had almost normal lipase activities and exhibited hyperinsulinemia;
      overproduction of triglyceride due to hyperinsulinemia may contribute to their
      hypertriglyceridemia.

PMID- 6382141
TI  - [Clinical significance of determining antibody-coated bacteria in the urine in
      urinary organ infections in children].

PMID- 6382142
TI  - [Low-molecular protein beta 2-microglobulin in chronic kidney failure in
      children].

PMID- 6382143
TI  - [Clinico-epidemiological characteristics of salmonellosis in children today].

PMID- 6382144
TI  - Differences in visual sensitivity among mindfulness meditators and non
      meditators.
AB  - Tachistoscopic presentation of light flashes was used to test for differences in
      visual sensitivity among 3 groups of practitioners of Buddhist mindfulness
      meditation and non-meditator-controls. Meditation practitioners were able to
      detect light flashes of shorter duration than the non-meditators. There were no
      differences among the meditator groups. There were no differences among the
      groups in ability to discriminate between closely spaced successive light
      flashes. The lower detection threshold for single light flashes for the
      meditators may reflect an enduring increase in sensitivity, perhaps the long-term
      effects of the practice of mindfulness meditation on certain perceptual habit
      patterns. The lack of significant differences in the discrimination of successive
      light flashes probably reflects the resistance of other perceptual habit patterns
      to modification. The results support the statements found in Buddhist texts on
      meditation concerning the changes in perception encountered during the practice
      of mindfulness.

PMID- 6382145
TI  - Visual sensitivity and mindfulness meditation.
AB  - Practitioners of the mindfulness form of Buddhist meditation were tested for
      visual sensitivity before and immediately after a 3-mo. retreat during which they
      practiced mindfulness meditation for 16 hr. each day. A control group composed of
      the staff at the retreat center was similarly tested. Visual sensitivity was
      defined in two ways: by a detection threshold based on the duration of simple
      light flashes and a discrimination threshold based on the interval between
      successive simple light flashes. All light flashes were presented
      tachistoscopically and were of fixed luminance. After the retreat, practitioners
      could detect shorter single-light flashes and required a shorter interval to
      differentiate between successive flashes correctly. The control group did not
      change on either measure. Phenomenological reports indicate that mindfulness
      practice enables practitioners to become aware of some of the usually
      preattentive processes involved in visual detection. The results support the
      statements found in Buddhist texts on meditation concerning the changes in
      perception encountered during the practice of mindfulness.

PMID- 6382146
TI  - Changes in the genetic mentality.

PMID- 6382147
TI  - Imagery: an overview with suggested application for nursing.

PMID- 6382148
TI  - The role of prostaglandins in the endothelium-mediated vasodilatory response to
      hypoxia.
AB  - The effect of intraluminal hypoxia on vascular tone and the release of
      prostaglandins (PG) I2 and E2 were investigated in intact isolated segments of
      canine femoral and coronary arteries as well as in the rat tail artery. Perfusion
      with hypoxic Tyrode's solution (pO2: 20-40 mm Hg) evoked a marked vasodilation of
      the segments, precontracted with norepinephrine or serotonin. Simultaneously, a 2
      3-fold increase in the release of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (the stable hydrolysis
      product of PGI2) could be observed. In parallel to 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, smaller
      quantities of PGE2 were released. Removal of the endothelium as well as
      pretreatment with indomethacin abolished both, the dilatory response and the PG
      release. After administration of verapamil as well as 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic
      acid 8-diethylaminooctylester (TMB-8) (which binds intracellular calcium) the PG
      increase was abolished and hypoxic dilatation could no longer be elicited,
      although the vessel had still a capacity to dilate. Exogenous administration of
      PGI2 and PGE2 showed that in canine femoral and coronary arteries PGI2 was the
      most effective vasodilating prostaglandin, while in the rat tail artery PGE2 had
      a 10-fold higher dilating potency compared to PGI2. At very high concentrations
      both PGI2 and PGE2 caused vasoconstriction. Our experiments suggest that the
      hypoxic endothelium-dependent dilatation may be mediated by an increased PG
      release. Hypoxia-induced transmembrane calcium influx into the endothelial cells
      seems to be the trigger reaction.

PMID- 6382149
TI  - Effects of obidoxime chloride on native and sarin-poisoned frog neuromuscular
      junctions.
AB  - The effect of the oxime reactivator obidoxime chloride (obidoxime) on single frog
      neuromuscular junctions has been studied in order to clarify its action on the
      acetylcholine receptor (AChR) and on the acetylcholine esterase (AChE), both
      before and after blocking its enzymatic activity with the organophosphorus
      compound sarin. Experiments iontophoretic application of obidoxime to end-plates
      demonstrated that it has a weak direct depolarizing effect. Furtheron, the drug
      is shown to possess a potentiating effect on the ACh-induced depolarization.
      After the AChE activity had been inhibited with sarin, obidoxime on the contrary
      decreases the depolarization induced by ACh. Both effects are fully reversible.
      It is concluded that obidoxime acts as an inhibitor of the AChE and as a partial
      antagonist of the AChR. The antagonistic effect on the receptor is usually masked
      by the predominating anticholinesterase effect. The effect of obidoxime on
      miniature end-plate potentials in long-time experiments on sarin-poisoned
      muscles, showed only weak signs of recovery from the action of the AChE
      inhibitor. Only focally higher concentration of the drug produced a more marked
      but short term recovery of the mepps, which is, however, supposed to be dependent
      on the AChR antagonism. It is still unclear how much of the varying therapeutic
      usefulness of obidoxime in clinical cases is due to its AChE reactivation and how
      much to the antagonistic effect on the AChR.

PMID- 6382152
TI  - [Possibilities for the anchorage of partial dentures with special reference to
      the remaining teeth in severely reduced residual dentitions].

PMID- 6382153
TI  - [Possibilities for the anchorage of partial dentures with special reference to
      the remaining teeth in severely reduced residual dentitions (2)].

PMID- 6382150
TI  - Energetics of active sodium-potassium transport following stimulation with
      insulin, adrenaline or salbutamol in rat soleus muscle.
AB  - The total metabolic energy expenditure associated with active Na-K-transport over
      the first 20 min of stimulation with insulin, adrenaline or salbutamol (delta
      HmNa-K) was determined from direct calorimetric and tracer ion flux measurements
      in isolated muscles at rest. The reversible work performed by the Na-K-pump
      during the same interval of time (WrevNa-K- was calculated as the product of the
      ouabain-suppressible Na-K transfers and the mean free energy increase imparted to
      the two ions as they are transported against their electrochemical gradients
      across the plasma membrane. Comparison of membrane potential and intracellular Na
      and K concentrations before and after the stimulation indicated that part of
      WrevNa-K had contributed to increase in ion electrochemical gradients in the
      preparation (i.e. had not been lost as heat) during the 20 min period.
      Accordingly, the maximum value of delta HmNa-K was taken as the sum of the
      ouabain-suppressible heat production and WrevNa-K. Following stimulation with
      insulin, adrenaline or salbutamol this maximum corresponded to 10, 10 and 12%
      respectively, of basal metabolism. Under the same three conditions, the minimum
      "energetic efficiency" of the active Na-K-transport process, defined as the ratio
      between WrevNa-K and maximum delta HmNa-K, was 35, 41 and 38%, respectively.

PMID- 6382151
TI  - Estimation of myocardial blood flow heterogeneity by transorgan helium transport
      functions.
AB  - Following single breath inhalations of helium 49 simultaneous inlet-outlet pairs
      of helium dilution curves were recorded in seven dog experiments from the aortic
      and coronary sinus blood by use of mass spectrometric technique. After numeric
      deconvolution of the dilution curves the weighting function of tracer transit
      times was used for calculation of the mean myocardial blood flow per unit of
      tissue, which closely correlated with directly measured flow. Secondly, the
      degree of blood flow heterogeneity was estimated from the first moments of the
      weighting function of transit times and by compartmental analysis based on an
      inverse Laplace transform. In the intact heart the results suggest a rather
      constant dispersion of flows relative to the mean flow F in the order of sigma/F
      = 0.3. The apparent dispersion of flows is increased by alpha-adrenergic
      stimulation with pressure and volume load, particularly in a state of beta
      blockade, a finding, which may be attributed to variations of intercapillary
      distances and to a heterogeneity of blood flow per unit of tissue.

PMID- 6382154
TI  - Baccalaureate education in nursing: key to a professional career in nursing 1984
      85.

PMID- 6382155
TI  - Master's education in nursing: route to opportunities in contemporary nursing
      1984-85.

PMID- 6382157
TI  - State-approved schools of nursing L.P.N./L.V.N. 1984.

PMID- 6382156
TI  - Education for nursing: the diploma way 1984-1985.

PMID- 6382158
TI  - Regeneration and attachment of the periodontal ligament.

PMID- 6382159
TI  - Basic lever considerations in removable partial denture design.

PMID- 6382160
TI  - Heparin: a 70 year history from 1914 to 1984.

PMID- 6382161
TI  - A clotting scheme for 1984.
AB  - Two processes govern the generation of thrombin: proteolytic proenzyme activation
      and heterogeneous biocatalysis. The main reaction sequence of proenzyme
      activation is F VII----F X----F II. And there is a reinforcement loop constituted
      by the reactions F VII----F IX----F X. All activations in this central triangle
      of blood coagulation require a protein cofactor and phospholipid. The protein
      cofactors from the plasma (F V and F VIII) have to be activated by thrombin in
      order to function. This means that thrombin acts in a positive feedback loop.
      This is the more important because thrombin will cause platelets that stick to
      collagen to present their procoagulant phospholipids at the outside of their
      plasma membrane. The two most probable sites of action of heparin are: inhibition
      of thrombin and frustration of the feedback loops and/or inhibition of factor Xa.

PMID- 6382162
TI  - Heparin induced bleeding.
AB  - The major side effect of heparin when administered therapeutically is bleeding.
      There is now considerable evidence that the antithrombotic and the hemorrhagic
      effects of heparin can be dissociated by using low molecular weight heparins, and
      heparinoids, and by using heparin with low affinity to AT III. The current
      evidence supports the suggestion that the hemorrhagic effect of heparin is
      contributed to by a reversible platelet functional defect which is relatively
      less important than its AT III dependent anticoagulant effect for preventing
      experimental venous thrombosis. Whether these promising results in animals also
      apply to human thromboembolism disease will require careful evaluation by
      suitably designed clinical trials.

PMID- 6382163
TI  - Expression of the rpsO and pnp genes: structural analysis of a DNA fragment
      carrying their control regions.
AB  - Precise physical mapping of the genes rpsO and pnp coding respectively for
      ribosomal protein S15 and polynucleotide phosphorylase together with regions
      involved in the regulation of their expression has been obtained by the analysis
      of in vitro deletion mutants. The results suggest that each gene has its own
      promotor, but that there is coexpression of rpsO and pnp. The nucleotide sequence
      of rpsO and of the beginning of pnp is presented and includes the presumed
      regulatory regions of these genes. Several features of the sequence support the
      mapping experiments and are discussed in relation to the expression of the
      ribosomal and pnp genes.

PMID- 6382164
TI  - Homologous pairing of single-stranded circular DNAs catalyzed by recA protein.
AB  - RecA protein catalyzes annealing between pairs of circular single-stranded DNA
      molecules containing complementary sequences varying in length from 3550
      nucleotides to 181 nucleotides. The reaction requires ATP and catalytic amounts
      of recA protein. Molecules containing large complementary inserts are annealed by
      recA protein to form large multimeric aggregates that migrate slowly in agarose
      gels. In contrast the products formed from circular molecules containing short
      complementary regions are principally dimeric structures. We have used electron
      microscopy, thermal denaturation and kinetic studies to analyze these reaction
      products. Our results indicate that recA protein catalyzes multiple nucleation
      events between complementary DNA sequences in the absence of a free end and when
      these sequences are flanked by extensive noncomplementary regions.

PMID- 6382165
TI  - In vitro expression and characterization of the translation start site of the
      psbA gene product (QB protein) from higher plants.
AB  - The psbA gene from higher plants, which codes for the atrazine herbicide binding
      protein of photosystem II (QB protein), has been recently sequenced by various
      laboratories. From these data there are two potential translation sites, one
      yielding a protein of 38,500 kd and another a protein of 34,500 kd. In the
      present study, cloned psbA gene sequences from maize, tobacco, and pea have been
      expressed in a highly defined E. coli in vitro transcription/translation system.
      In order to determine the start site of translation, we also have employed a
      simplified E. coli system designed to synthesize the first di- or tripeptide of
      the gene product. From these results, it is clear that the first ATG of the
      longest open reading frame of the psbA gene, that begins fMet-Thr, is not
      recognized in vitro. Instead, the next downstream Met at position 37 is the
      initiation site, since the expected dipeptide fMet-Ile is synthesized from all
      psbA clones. These data are in accord with the in vivo results that the gene
      product is a precursor protein of 34,500 kd.

PMID- 6382166
TI  - Evolutionary divergence of genes for ornithine and aspartate carbamoyl
      transferases--complete sequence and mode of regulation of the Escherichia coli
      argF gene; comparison of argF with argI and pyrB.
AB  - The complete nucleotide sequence of argF is presented, together with that of an
      operator-constitutive mutant. ArgF is compared with the other gene coding for
      ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OTCase) in E. coli K-12, argI, and with pyrB,
      encoding the catalytic monomer of aspartate carbamoyltransferase (ATCase). ArgF
      and argI appear very closely related having emerged from a relatively recent
      ancestor gene. The relationship between OTCase and ATCase appears more distant.
      Nevertheless, the homology observed between the two proteins (mainly in the polar
      domain) suggests a common origin.

PMID- 6382167
TI  - Enzymatic excision from gamma-irradiated polydeoxyribonucleotides of adenine
      residues whose imidazole rings have been ruptured.
AB  - The main forms of base damage in polydeoxyadenylic acid gamma-irradiated under
      hypoxic conditions are due to saturation and fragmentation of the adenine
      imidazole ring. An irradiated polymer was annealed with an equimolar amount of
      poly (dT) to generate a double-stranded polydeoxyribonucleotide containing
      scattered damaged base residues. On incubation of the latter with partially
      purified cell extracts of E.coli, imidazole ring-opened adenine, i.e. 4,6-diamino
      5-formamidopyrimidine, was released in free form by a DNA glycosylase activity.
      The enzyme has been purified 4,500-fold, has Mr = 29,000, and appears to be
      identical with the previously described DNA repair enzyme formamidopyrimidine-DNA
      glycosylase.

PMID- 6382168
TI  - A large fragment approach to DNA synthesis: total synthesis of a gene for the
      protease inhibitor eglin c from the leech Hirudo medicinalis and its expression
      in E. coli.
AB  - A DNA containing the coding sequence for the proteinase inhibitor protein, eglin
      c, from the leech Hirudo medicinalis has been obtained by enzymatic assembly of
      chemically synthesized DNA fragments. The synthetic gene consists of a 232 base
      pair fragment containing initiation and termination codon signals with
      restriction enzyme recognition sites conveniently placed for cloning into a
      plasmid vector. Only six oligonucleotides from 34 to 61 bases in length, sharing
      pairwise stretches of complementary regions at their 3'-termini, were prepared by
      phosphotriester solid-phase synthesis. The oligomers were annealed pairwise and
      converted into double stranded DNA fragments by DNA polymerase I mediated repair
      synthesis. The fragments were assembled by ligation, and the synthetic gene was
      expressed in high yield in E. coli under the transcriptional control of the E.
      coli tryptophan promoter. The expression product was purified to homogeneity and
      was shown to have similar physicochemical and identical biological properties as
      the authentic protein isolated from the leech.

PMID- 6382169
TI  - Biokinetics and metabolism of radiogallium.
AB  - The large number of publications dealing with biokinetics, metabolism and factors
      influencing tissue uptake of 67Ga-citrate could not clarify the mechanism
      responsible for the uptake of this compound into tumor tissue. The present paper
      reviews biokinetic data obtained from clinical investigations and animal
      experiments and briefly points out some possible pathways of the mechanism for
      gallium localisation in tumors as well as in abscesses and inflammatory lesions.

PMID- 6382170
TI  - Radiopharmacology: hazard or/and benefit.
AB  - In the beginning of medical radiology, only the benefit of ionizing radiation was
      obvious, and radiation was handled and applied generously. After late effects had
      become known, the radiation exposure was reduced to doses following which no such
      effects were found. Thus, it was assumed that one could obtain an optimal medical
      benefit without inducing any hazard. Later, due to experimental findings,
      hypotheses arose (linear dose-effect response, no time factor) which led to the
      opinion that even low and lowest radiation doses were relevant for the induction
      of late effects. A radiation fear grew, which was unintentionally strengthened by
      radiation protection decrees: even for low doses a radiation risk could be
      calculated. Therefore, it was believed that there could still exist a radiation
      hazard, and the radiation benefit remained in question. If, however, all
      presently known facts are considered, one must conclude that large radiation
      doses are hazardous and low doses are inefficient, whereas lowest doses have a
      biopositive effect. Ionizing radiation, therefore, may cause both, hazard as well
      as benefit. Which of the two effects prevails is determined by the level of dose.

PMID- 6382171
TI  - Reference sources for nursing.

PMID- 6382172
TI  - Self-report and psychophysiological effects of five pain-coping strategies.
AB  - One hundred nulliparous college female undergraduates were randomly assigned to a
      series of 10 treatment groups that comprised a variety of cognitive-behavioral
      pain-coping strategies designed as part of a labor preparation analogue. The
      efficacy of these treatments was subsequently assessed during a one-hour session
      involving twenty 80-sec exposures to a laboratory pain stimulus patterned to
      resemble labor contractions. Dependent variables included self-reported pain,
      systolic and diastolic blood pressure, frontalis EMG, and heart rate. One of the
      cognitive strategies--sensory transformation--was found to have a significant
      effect on self-reported pain. Analyses conducted on the other five dependent
      variables failed to show significant treatment effects.

PMID- 6382173
TI  - Progressive relaxation training in cardiac rehabilitation: effect on psychologic
      variables.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of progressive relaxation
      training as a stress management technique for cardiac patients who were
      participants in a cardiac exercise program. After pretesting, 18 patients
      received 3 weeks of relaxation training in addition to their exercise therapy; a
      control group of 19 patients was not taught the technique. Pretesting used two
      instruments to measure stress levels-the Spielberger State-Anxiety Scale and
      selected dimensions of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. At the completion of the
      relaxation training program, both groups of patients were retested on stress
      level measures. An analysis of covariance was used to test for the effects of the
      relaxation training program. The findings were: posttreatment mean anxiety scores
      for the treatment group were significantly lower (p less than .05) than that of
      the control group; and the posttest scores for the treatment group were
      significantly lower for the dimensions of (p less than .01) somatization and
      interpersonal sensitivity and (p less than .05) anxiety and depression than that
      of the control group. No systematic changes were induced in either the obsessive
      compulsive or hostility dimension scores by the relaxation program.

PMID- 6382174
TI  - Nursing in the thirties.

PMID- 6382175
TI  - RCM supplement. The modest midwife.

PMID- 6382176
TI  - The history of surgical instruments.

PMID- 6382178
TI  - From workhouse to workshop.

PMID- 6382177
TI  - Volunteer nurses. One. VADs at war.

PMID- 6382179
TI  - Origin and development of nursing in India.

PMID- 6382180
TI  - Mismatched bone marrow transplant.

PMID- 6382181
TI  - Nursing care study: wait, hope and pray.

PMID- 6382182
TI  - Iveson's opinion: a woman of achievement.

PMID- 6382183
TI  - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. Elegance for pregnant mothers.

PMID- 6382185
TI  - Gold foil.

PMID- 6382184
TI  - Iveson's opinion: methods of movement.

PMID- 6382186
TI  - Hollenback Prize (Kamal Asgar).

PMID- 6382187
TI  - Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection to portal system: a new therapeutic
      role for prostaglandin E1?

PMID- 6382188
TI  - The effect of dilution during culture on detection of low concentrations of
      bacteria in blood.
AB  - The standard procedure for culturing blood is to inoculate 5 ml of blood into 50
      ml of broth, resulting in a blood-broth ratio of 1:10. In infants, where only 0.5
      to 1.0 ml of blood is available for culture, blood:broth ratios may be as dilute
      as 1:100. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a blood-broth ratio
      of 1:100 was as sensitive as a ratio of 1:10 for detecting low concentrations of
      bacteria in blood. Blood (0.5 ml) seeded with 2 to 30 organisms/ml of one of four
      common pediatric pathogens (Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Group B
      Streptococcus or Haemophilus influenzae type b) was inoculated into culture broth
      so as to provide blood-broth ratios of 1:10, 1:30 or 1:100. There were no
      differences in the ability to recover organisms or in the time-to-positivity of
      cultures with different blood-broth ratios. Cultures were positive in 24 of 40
      (60%) bottles at a ratio of 1:10, 28 of 40 (70%) at 1:30 and 30 of 40 (75%) at
      1:100. Common pediatric pathogens can be recovered without delay from volumes of
      blood as small as 0.5 ml cultured at blood-broth ratios up to 1:100.

PMID- 6382189
TI  - Liver abscess following ingestion of a foreign body.

PMID- 6382190
TI  - Development of VIP in the peripheral nervous system of avian embryo.
AB  - The distribution of the VIP containing structures was studied in the gut and in
      the paravertebral sympathetic ganglia of the quail and chick embryos by
      immunocytochemistry. In the gut, development of peptidergic nerves followed a
      craniocaudal gradient. Immunoreactive fibres were first visible in the oesophagus
      at day 9 in the quail and day 10 in the chick, at 12 days they extended over the
      whole length of the gut. Cell bodies were localized at day 9 in the foregut and
      observed in the mid- and hind-gut just before hatching. Transplantations on the
      chorioallantoic membrane of fragments of various parts of the digestive tract
      clearly demonstrated that VIP nerve cell bodies belonged to the intrinsic
      innervation of the gut. Besides the gut, sympathetic paravertebral ganglia
      contained cells with VIP immunoreactivity detected at day 9 and 10 in quail and
      chick respectively. In order to find out whether VIP containing neurons
      differentiated normally in chick embryos in which quail neural crest cells had
      been implanted at an early stage of development we looked for the appearance of
      peptidergic neurones in the following situations: when the quail neural
      primordium had been grafted orthotopically and isochronically into chick host (1)
      at the adrenomedullary (somites 18-24) and (2) at the vagal (somites 1-7) levels
      of the neural axis. In all conditions VIP immunoreactivity was observed in quail
      cells located either in the sympathetic paravertebral ganglia of the trunk at the
      level of the graft or in the enteric ganglia according to the graft was made at
      the adrenomedullary and vagal levels respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6382191
TI  - Distribution and origins of VIP-immunoreactive nerves in the cephalic circulation
      of the cat.
AB  - VIP-immunoreactive (IR) nerves were visualized in whole mounts and sections of
      cephalic arteries and cranial nerves of cats with indirect immunofluorescence.
      Perivascular VIP-IR nerves were very widely distributed in arteries and
      arterioles supplying glands, muscles and mucous membranes of the face. Within the
      cerebral circulation, perivascular VIP-IR nerves were most abundant in the Circle
      of Willis and the proximal portions of the major cerebral arteries and their
      proximal branches supplying the rostral brain stem and ventral areas of the
      cerebral cortex. VIP-IR nerves were absent from arterial branches supplying the
      posterior brain stem, cerebellum and dorsal cerebral cortex. Cerebral
      perivascular VIP-IR nerves probably arise from VIP-IR perikarya within
      microganglia found in the cavernous plexus and external rete. Extracerebral
      perivascular VIP-IR nerves probably arise from VIP-IR perikarya in microganglia
      associated with the tympanic plexus, chorda tympani, lingual nerve and Vidian
      nerve as well as from cells in the otic, sphenopalatine, submandibular and
      sublingual ganglia. It seems likely, therefore, that each major segment of the
      cephalic circulation is supplied by local VIP-IR neurons.

PMID- 6382192
TI  - The origin of VIP-containing nerves in the urinary bladder of rat.
AB  - The innervation of the urinary bladder is known to include a considerable number
      of nerves containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). The origin of such
      nerves in the bladder of rat was investigated in this study using the methods of
      immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay combined with surgical sectioning of the
      hypogastric and/or pelvic nerves to the bladder. Eight days after pelvic nerve
      sectioning proximal to the main pelvic ganglion, VIP-immunoreactive nerves and
      VIP content were markedly increased from the level in the sham-operated rat
      bladder. Sectioning of hypogastric or both nerve pathways led to a less
      significant increase. It was therefore postulated that the majority of VIP
      immunoreactive nerves originate from ganglia located either close to the bladder
      or within the bladder wall. It is interesting that in these experiments the VIP
      content of the bladder nerves is inversely related to the changes in motility
      that would be expected to result from the nerve sections.

PMID- 6382193
TI  - Localisation and measurement of VIP in the genitourinary system of man and
      animals.
AB  - VIP is present in the genitourinary system of man and animals. In man the highest
      concentrations are found in the penis, the uterus and vagina and in the urinary
      bladder. VIP nerves heavily innervate the erectile tissue of the male external
      genitalia, the uterine smooth muscle and blood vessels, the seromucous glands of
      the cervix, and the lamina propria and vaginal epithelium. In the urinary
      bladder, VIP nerves are located beneath the transitional epithelium, in the
      lamina propria and in the smooth muscle. Other areas well innervated by VIP
      nerves include the prostate, seminal vesicles and vasa deferentia. Chemical
      (phenol- and 6-OHDA) or surgical (hypogastric or pelvic nerve section) extrinsic
      denervation fail to deplete the genitourinary system of its VIP content,
      supporting the view that VIP-containing nerves originate from local ganglion
      cells. Indeed, neuronal cell bodies containing VIP are seen in the paracervical
      ganglia of the female genitalia, the para- or intramural bladder ganglia and
      scattered through the base of the cavernosum body, the neck of the bladder and
      the prostate. The finding of elevated levels of VIP in the local circulation
      after induced penile erection in man and mammals and the ability of VIP to relax
      the detrusor muscle of the bladder suggests that the peptide may be involved in
      penile erection and bladder relaxation, as does the marked VIP depletion in the
      penis or bladder in patients suffering from diabetic impotence or bladder
      instability.

PMID- 6382194
TI  - VIP-immunoreactivity in the skin of various mammals: immunohistochemical,
      radioimmunological and experimental evidence for a dual localization in cutaneous
      nerves and merkel cells.
AB  - In the present study VIP-immunoreactive (IR) nerve fibers were found in the skin
      of several mammalian species (cat, dog, pig and man). They supplied predominantly
      the arteries and arterial portions of arteriovenous anastomoses. Far fewer VIP-IR
      nerve fibers innervated veins and arterioles. Capillaries were supplied by VIP-IR
      fibers only in sweat and Meibomian glands. Some non-vascular VIP-IR nerve fibers
      were seen in contact with dermal smooth muscle strands. In eccrine sweat glands
      and in Meibomian glands VIP-IR fibers were targeting glandular cells. In
      addition, VIP-IR nerve fibers innervated the upper parts of facial hair
      follicles. In non-neuronal localization VIP-IR occurred in Merkel cells in all
      species and sites, while the intraepidermal axons consistently were not VIP-IR.
      Radioimmunoassay of different skin regions of cats also suggested both a neuronal
      and a Merkel cell origin of VIP-IR. Under physiological conditions VIP which is
      released from its neuronal and non-neuronal cutaneous pools may have an impact on
      thermoregulation by influencing blood flow and sweat production. It may also
      modulate axon-endings in Merkel cell-axon complexes and hair follicle receptors.
      Under pathological conditions an enhanced release of cutaneous VIP may lead to
      local inflammatory processes partly mediated via release of histamine from
      cutaneous mast cells.

PMID- 6382195
TI  - The distributions of PHI and VIP in porcine gut and their co-localisation to a
      proportion of intrinsic ganglion cells.
AB  - VIP and PHI share sequence homology and certain biological actions.
      Immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay were used to see if the two peptides
      also have similar distributions in the gut of the pig. PHI-immunoreactive fibres
      were found, like those containing VIP, in all layers of the bowel wall but in
      lesser numbers. Unlike VIP-immunoreactive nerves, however, which are ubiquitous
      in the gastrointestinal tract, PHI-containing neurons were numerous in all areas
      except the fundus, where only few fibres and no ganglion cells were found to be
      reactive to PHI antibodies. PHI and VIP immunoreactive materials were also
      quantified by specific radioimmunoassay of tissue extracts. The concentrations of
      PHI and VIP were similar in all regions of the gut, except in the fundus where
      the quantities of VIP-immunoreactivity far exceeded those of PHI. The presence of
      both VIP- and PHI-immunoreactivities in ganglion cells of the sub-mucous plexus
      allowed investigation of the co-localisation of the peptides. Serial sections
      through ganglion cells revealed that a major proportion contain both PHI- and VIP
      immunoreactivity. Some cells contained VIP alone, or VIP and weak, equivocal
      immunostaining of PHI, and a sub-population contained no peptide
      immunoreactivity. The presence of both VIP- and PHI-immunoreactivities in the
      same ganglion cell supports the recent reports of the isolation and
      characterisation, using genetic technology, of their common precursor molecule.
      The finding of VIP and not PHI in the fundic region suggests the differential
      expression of the two peptides.

PMID- 6382196
TI  - Distribution and dilatory effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in
      human cerebral arteries.
AB  - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-containing nerve fibers were demonstrated
      in human pial arteries by immunocytochemistry. Fine varicose fibers were located
      in the adventitia close to the media layer. Measurements by radioimmunoassay
      revealed concentrations of VIP between 0.7 and 2.7 pmol/g in the major arteries
      at the base of the brain, obtained at autopsy. Isolated human pial arteries,
      obtained in conjunction with neurosurgery, relaxed in a concentration-dependent
      manner upon administration of VIP. The relaxation of the vessels amounted to 57
      +/- 9% of the contraction elicited by prostaglandin F2 alpha (2.5 microM) with an
      EC50 value of (8.5 +/- 1.2) X 10(-9) M.

PMID- 6382197
TI  - Vasoactive intestinal peptide as a bronchodilator in asthmatic subjects.
AB  - Vasoactive intestinal peptide (V.I.P.) caused bronchodilatation in 7 asthmatic
      volunteers when given intravenously at the rate of 6 pmol kg-1 min-1 for 15
      minutes during a double blind study. Mean baseline FEV1 was 2.8 (+/- 0.3 S.E.)
      which was 81% of predicted and increased by 0.21 (range 0.1-0.45) l after 15
      minutes infusion (p greater than 0.02). Tachycardia and cutaneous flushing were
      also observed during the infusion. Subsequent induced bronchoconstriction with a
      predetermined dose of histamine was ameliorated at 180 seconds following
      challenge when compared with placebo. Mean fall in FEV1 0.26 compared with 0.741
      when pre-infusion FEV1 was taken on baseline. Mean fall in FEV1 0.49 l compared
      with 0.75 l when the FEV1 immediately preceding challenge was used on baseline (p
      greater than 0.02). The demonstration that V.I.P. is a bronchodilator in
      asthmatics and ameliorates histamine induced bronchoconstriction has important
      implications for the pharmacology of asthma.

PMID- 6382198
TI  - Renal function during vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) infusions in normal man
      and patients with liver disease.
AB  - VIP containing nerves are present in the kidney and plasma VIP levels are
      elevated in cardiac failure and severe liver disease. We studied the effects of
      intravenous VIP; 6 pmol kg-1 min-1 on 6 normal subjects and 3 patients with liver
      disease. In normal subjects VIP produced flushing and significant rises in heart
      rate and pulse pressure but the clearance rates of paraaminohippurate and
      creatinine did not change significantly. Urine flow fell to about 1/3 and the
      rate of excretion of electrolytes (except phosphate) fell to about a half of
      control values. Plasma renin activity rose about 3-fold and there were
      significant rises in haematocrit and the plasma concentrations of solids, calcium
      and phosphate. The patients with liver disease responded similarly. Elevated
      plasma VIP could contribute to salt and water retention in disease states.

PMID- 6382199
TI  - VIPergic innervation of diabetic pancreas in rats.
AB  - Morphological, ultrastructural, and immunocytochemical studies of nerves
      containing vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) are described in diabetic pancreas
      of rats after streptozotocin treatment. The observations covered 48 hours and 6
      months following streptozotocin treatment. At the ultrastructural level,
      degenerative changes were already observed in axons of nerve ganglia in the
      pancreas 48 hours (early stage) after streptozotocin treatment. These changes
      were hardly detected at the light microscopic level and VIP-like
      immunoreactivities were seen in nerves and fibers in such pancreas. The nerve
      ganglia were almost absent in the diabetic pancreas 6 months after streptozotocin
      treatment (late stage). Associated with the absence of nerve ganglia, nerves and
      fibers containing VIP-like immunoreactivities were also absent at this late
      stage. The findings indicated that the changes in the diabetic pancreas were
      neuropathic caused by metabolic disturbance after long standing diabetes and
      resulting absence of VIP-like immunoreactive nerves occurred. It was suggested
      from the present study that the changes in nerve ganglia began as damage at the
      ultrastructural level due to acute toxicity of the chemical at an early stage and
      then developed destruction and absence at a late stage.

PMID- 6382200
TI  - Co-existence of peptide HI (PHI) and VIP in nerves regulating blood flow and
      bronchial smooth muscle tone in various mammals including man.
AB  - By immunohistochemistry it was found that PHI- and VIP-like immunoreactivity (
      IR) occurred in the same autonomic neurons in the upper respiratory tract, tongue
      and salivary glands with associated ganglia in rat, guinea-pig, cat, pig and man.
      VIP- and PHI-like immunoreactivity was also found in similar locations in the
      human heart. The N-terminally directed, but not the C-terminally directed, PHI
      antiserum or the VIP antiserum stained endocrine cells in the pig duodenum. This
      suggests the existence of an additional PHI-like peptide. Ligation of nerves
      acutely caused marked overlapping axonal accumulations of PHI- and VIP-IR central
      to the lesion. Two weeks after transection of the nerves, both types of
      immunoreactivities were still observed in accumulations both in the axons as well
      as in the corresponding cell bodies. The levels of PHI- and VIP-IR in normal
      tissues from the cat were around 10-50 pmol/g with a molar ratio of about 1 to 2.
      Systemic administrations of PHI and VIP induced hypotension, probably due to
      peripheral vasodilation in both guinea-pig and cat. Furthermore, both PHI and VIP
      caused an inhibition of the vagally induced increase in respiratory insufflation
      pressure in guinea-pig. PHI and VIP relaxed the guinea-pig trachea in vitro,
      suggesting a direct action on tracheobronchial smooth muscle. VIP was about 5-10
      times more potent than PHI with regard to hypotensive effects and 2-3-fold,
      considering respiratory smooth muscle-relaxant effects in the guinea-pig. PHI was
      about 50-fold less potent to induce hypotension in the cat than in the guinea
      pig. Although species differences seem to exist as regards biological potency,
      PHI should also be considered when examining the role of VIP as an autonomic
      neurotransmitter.

PMID- 6382201
TI  - Critical issues in the assessment of headache.
AB  - In an earlier paper, Thompson (1982) made the point that "an adequate assessment
      and understanding of the relevant independent and dependent variables related to
      subjects' headache complaints will yield information pointing to the most logical
      choice for a treatment intervention" (p. 230). It is essential that researchers
      and clinicians adopt an idiographic approach if we are to fully realize the
      potential of biofeedback, behavior therapy, and other nonpharmacological
      approaches as primary or ancillary interventions in the management of head pain.
      Large group comparisons, composed of heterogeneous subject populations treated
      with standardized techniques, have failed to elucidate the optimal intervention
      for individualized headache complaints. Yates (1980) noted with reference to
      biofeedback. "The reason for the failure of biofeedback training to show any
      consistent superiority over other relaxation training techniques stems from its
      use as a blunderbuss rather than as a rapier or precision instrument" (p. 499).
      We would maintain that a similar situation has pervaded the headache literature
      with a "blunderbuss" approach characterizing assessment and client-treatment
      matching strategies. The remediation of the current controversy regarding
      treatment efficacy in the area of head pain is dependent upon the careful and
      critical use of assessment strategies in future research and clinical activity.

PMID- 6382202
TI  - Bulimia, anorexia nervosa, and diabetes. Deadly combinations.
AB  - Bulimia, anorexia nervosa, and diabetes often coexist, and eating disorders among
      diabetics frequently go unrecognized. This combination of conditions can have
      life-threatening effects. Consequently, diagnosis and the medical and
      psychological management of these patients is of critical importance. The authors
      outline the complex interactions among the biologic, psychological, and social
      factors involved in these disorders.

PMID- 6382203
TI  - [Results of ambulatory follow-up of patients after myocardial infarction treated
      with platelet aggregation inhibitors and antithrombotic drugs].

PMID- 6382204
TI  - [Clinical effectiveness of polarizing mixtures].

PMID- 6382206
TI  - [Prostacyclin].

PMID- 6382205
TI  - [History and advances in current psychopharmacology].

PMID- 6382208
TI  - [Usefulness of nifedipine in the complex hypotensive treatment].

PMID- 6382207
TI  - [Non-steroid inflammatory drugs in the prevention of myocardial infarction].

PMID- 6382210
TI  - [The exercise test in the diagnosis of coronary disease].

PMID- 6382209
TI  - [Urinary kallikrein and plasma renin levels in patients with secondary
      hypertension].

PMID- 6382211
TI  - [Antigenic properties of allergens and allergoids prepared from Daphnia sp. L].

PMID- 6382212
TI  - [Anemia as the consequence of exposure to harmful occupational chemical agents].

PMID- 6382213
TI  - [Interactions of cadmium with other metals in the animal and human body].

PMID- 6382214
TI  - [Complications of induced abortion].

PMID- 6382215
TI  - [Genetic basis of sex differentiation disorders].

PMID- 6382216
TI  - [Serotonin and bleeding time].

PMID- 6382217
TI  - [The Association for Medical Education in Europe and its influence on the
      development of medical didactics].

PMID- 6382218
TI  - [Hepatotoxic effect of antineoplastic drugs].

PMID- 6382220
TI  - Biosynthesis, metabolism and regulation of steroid hormones secretion in the
      placental phase of gestation in the rat.
AB  - The regulation of biosynthesis of steroid hormones in the pre-placental stage and
      in placental phase of pregnancy in the rat is described. On the ground of our own
      studies a concept of an ovarian-placental unit in the rat has been formulated.
      This unit is characterized by coupled biosynthesis and secretion of steroid
      hormones in the placental stage of rat pregnancy.

PMID- 6382221
TI  - The Mayo Clinic in 1984. Preserving the founding values amidst modern
      diversification.

PMID- 6382219
TI  - [Effect of muscular exertion on lipid metabolism].

PMID- 6382222
TI  - Little 'hospital' on the prairie. Roughly the first hundred years of Rochester's
      Mayo Clinic.

PMID- 6382223
TI  - Intestinal endometriosis.

PMID- 6382224
TI  - Comparison of nifedipine (retard formulation) and mefruside in the treatment of
      mild to moderate hypertension--a prospective randomized double-blind crossover
      study in general practice.
AB  - Twenty-two patients under general practice care, suffering mild to moderate
      hypertension and receiving no active treatment had three baseline blood pressure
      measurements taken during a single blind 4-week placebo run-in period. One
      patient was secondarily excluded at this stage because of a placebo response and
      one patient dropped out for personal reasons. The remaining 20 patients were
      randomized to receive either nifedipine 20 mg twice a day or mefruside 25 mg once
      a day in a classical two-period crossover design with 8-week treatment periods
      separated by a 4-week single-blind placebo washout. During 8 weeks nifedipine
      therapy the mean supine blood pressure was reduced from 173 (s.d. =
      15.4)/107(s.d. = 6.4) mmHg to 150(s.d. = 16.7)/93(s.d. = 10.8) mmHg whereas the
      corresponding reduction for mefruside was from 174(s.d. = 15.9)/107(s.d. = 9.4)
      mmHg to 153(s.d. = 19.1)/94(s.d. = 9.7) mmHg. Neither drug affected postural
      changes in blood pressure. Standing blood pressure measurements under 8 weeks
      nifedipine therapy fell from 172(s.d. = 12.3)/103(s.d. = 5.6) mmHg to 150(s.d. =
      17.9)/94(s.d. = 10.0) mmHg with corresponding changes for mefruside being
      174(s.d. = 14.7)/106(s.d. = 9.0) mmHg to 150(s.d. = 20.2)/95(s.d. = 9.4) mmHg.
      Since blood pressures returned to within 4% of baseline values by the end of the
      placebo washout period it can be inferred that each therapy was a significant (P
      less than 0.05 for all blood pressure variables) antihypertensive treatment in
      its own right.

PMID- 6382225
TI  - Captopril-induced acute renal artery thrombosis and persistent anuria in a
      patient with documented pre-existing renal artery stenosis and renal failure.
AB  - We describe an elderly man, with pre-existing renal failure and atheromatous
      renal artery stenosis, who developed persistent anuria due to renal artery
      thrombosis after acute hypotension following captopril administration. Caution
      should be used when captopril is first administered to patients with impaired
      renal function in whom renal artery stenosis is known or suspected.

PMID- 6382226
TI  - [Interpretation of the "ridge-lap pontic"].

PMID- 6382227
TI  - [My interpretation of the "ridge-lap pontic"].

PMID- 6382229
TI  - [Designing abutments to fit the conditions of the abutment teeth].

PMID- 6382228
TI  - [Failure in abutment design and the dynamics of post and core technic].

PMID- 6382230
TI  - [Abutment preparation on a tooth root without much substance].

PMID- 6382231
TI  - [Dynamics of abutment design].

PMID- 6382232
TI  - [Abutment designing under poor conditions].

PMID- 6382233
TI  - [Lessons to be learned from fractured tooth roots].

PMID- 6382234
TI  - [Fractured tooth roots and abutment preparation. Clinical studies on molar
      teeth].

PMID- 6382235
TI  - [Ready-made post and core systems, with special reference to the threaded post].

PMID- 6382236
TI  - Control of Bancroftian filariasis in China.

PMID- 6382237
TI  - [Our experiences with the use of casting resins in clinical practice].

PMID- 6382238
TI  - [Firmness of the bonded surfaces of PMMA resin and the silicone rubber Lukopren].

PMID- 6382239
TI  - [Melting and casting of metals in a protected atmosphere].

PMID- 6382240
TI  - [Isoniazid--essential facts and recent advances].

PMID- 6382241
TI  - [Effect of an oral polyvalent bacterial lysate (Broncho-Vaxom) in chronic
      bronchitis].

PMID- 6382243
TI  - [Clinical and scanning electron microscopy studies of substances used in
      preventive dentistry].

PMID- 6382244
TI  - [Study methods for localizing enzymes in the cells of gram-negative bacteria (a
      review)].
AB  - The present review systematizes the literature data on localization of enzymes in
      cells of Gram-negative bacteria. It centres round the methods used for studying
      the enzyme localization. The criteria according to which one can locate an enzyme
      in bacterial cells are discussed.

PMID- 6382242
TI  - [Sugar substitutes and dental caries].

PMID- 6382245
TI  - [Quantitative determination of the protein and carbohydrate polymers in the cell
      wall of Streptococcus group A].
AB  - The content of protein and carbohydrate polymers was estimated in the cell wall
      of Streptococcus, group A, type 29. A method was developed for analysing
      peptidoglycane in a polysaccharide-peptidoglycane complex after the prior
      oxidation by sodium periodate. It was found that the cell wall peptidoglycane
      bears two carbohydrate and three amino acid residues, i. e. N-acetylglucosamin,
      muramic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and lysine, in the ratio 1:1:1:4:1,
      respectively. The data on the cell wall composition prior to and after its
      oxidation with sodium periodate are given, and the ratio between the main
      structural components is determined: proteins (60% mol), polysaccharide (23%
      mol), peptidoglycane (17% mol).

PMID- 6382246
TI  - [Neurotensin in Itsenko-Cushing disease].
AB  - The results are presented on studying the blood neurotensin concentration in 68
      patients with Icenko-Cushing's disease and in 5 persons with adrenocortical
      tumors. Neurotensin fasting content was determined by radioimmunoassay after
      insulin, glucose, peritol and parlodel administration and following the treatment
      with chloditane-, chloditane-cyproheptadine complex, a combination of chloditane
      and a dopaminergic drug. It was found that the blood neurotensin concentration is
      enhanced in the active stage of Icenko-Cushing's disease. Marked changes were not
      observed in the blood neurotensin concentration of healthy subjects and patients
      with Icenko-Cushing's disease under stress, provoked by insulin hypoglycemia and
      after glucose injection. Different sensitivity to peritol and parlodel was seen
      in a half of patients with an increased blood neurotensin concentration. During
      clinical remission of Icenko-Cushing's disease under chloditane and combined
      chloditane-peritol treatment the blood neurotensin level returned to normal,
      remaining increased in patients treated with chloditane and a dopaminergic drug.

PMID- 6382247
TI  - [Aspartame--the sweet-tasting dipeptide--does not affect the pancreatic insulin
      secreting function].
AB  - The action of a synthetic dipeptide aspartam (150 to 180 times as sweet as
      glucose) on pancreatic insulin-secretory function of rats was studied in vivo and
      in vitro. The drug was given orally while drinking (300 mg/kg body weight) or was
      added to the incubation medium of cultivated pancreatic cells (20 mM). It was
      shown that insulin content in the rat blood serum remained unchanged 10 and 35
      minutes after aspartam administration. The drug did not exert any stimulating
      effect upon insulin secretion following the addition to the pancreatic cell
      culture medium. It is concluded that aspartam exhibits no direct or mediated
      action on pancreatic insulin-secretory function.

PMID- 6382248
TI  - [Fatty tissue insulin receptors in patients with an elevated level of
      contrainsulin hormones with and without concomitant diabetes mellitus].
AB  - An equally lowered insulin specific binding in the fatty cell plasmic membranes
      was found in patients with glucocorticoid, somatotropin and catecholamine
      hyperproduction during diabetes mellitus and/or its absence. This fall is due
      exclusively to a reduced amount of binding sites in patients with hypercorticism
      and acromegaly, accompanied or not by diabetes, and in persons with diabetes
      aggravated pheochromocytoma. The above decrease is caused by a lowered binding
      site number and augmented negative cooperativity in patients suffering from
      pheochromocytoma without diabetes. The results obtained allow a conclusion that
      inhibited expression of insulin receptors in the presence of counter-insulin
      hormone hyperproduction promotes diabetes arising.

PMID- 6382249
TI  - [Hormonal disorders in obesity].

PMID- 6382250
TI  - [Osteoplastic thoracoplasty in the combined treatment of patients with
      destructive pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 6382251
TI  - [Team-controlled study the effectiveness of chemotherapy with outpatients with
      fibrous-cavitary tuberculosis].

PMID- 6382252
TI  - Issues in the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia.
AB  - Most people attribute a restorative function to sleep. This is because
      experimental or clinical sleep disturbance is usually followed by annoying
      symptoms of fatigue and sleepiness the following day. Can these daytime changes
      be documented objectively? In the past several years, the Multiple Sleep Latency
      Test (MSLT) has been developed and validated as an objective quantitative measure
      of sleepiness. Multiple assessments of sleep latency yield a profile of
      sleepiness across the day. This profile changes in the predicted direction with
      acute total and partial sleep deprivation, chronic sleep deprivation, sleep
      satiation, and in comparisons between hypersomnia patients and controls. Sleep
      and wakefulness are complementary phases in the daily cycle of human existence.
      Adequacy of sleep and energetic wakefulness next day are interacting phases in
      this cycle. Insomnia can be seen as a perception of disturbed sleep with daytime
      consequences, but is essentially also a symptom. This paper reviews a number of
      issues in the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia. The dimensions, daytime
      consequences and longitudinal aspects of insomnia are considered. Most
      investigations to date have been geared towards the problem of chronic insomnia
      and yet we are all likely to suffer from transient insomnia at some point.
      Psychiatric and psychophysiological disorders have been shown to be the most
      frequent causes of disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep. Moreover, there
      is an apparent disparity between subjective and objective sleep parameters with,
      for example, objectively disturbed sleep in noncomplaining subjects. The criteria
      of hypnotic efficacy and the effects of triazolam and flurazepam on sleep and
      daytime alertness have been investigated in normals, chronic insomniacs and the
      elderly. In general, chronic insomniacs showed all degrees of daytime alertness
      regardless of nocturnal sleep parameters. About one-third could be classified as
      fully alert all day long in spite of their complaints. The effect of flurazepam
      and triazolam on sleep (improvement) was essentially the same. Daytime effects
      were most closely related to half-life. The long-acting benzodiazepine,
      flurazepam, impaired daytime alertness although nocturnal sleep was improved.
      Triazolam improved not only nighttime sleep but also daytime alertness.

PMID- 6382253
TI  - Modern trends in the investigation of new hypnotics in anaesthesia.
AB  - Over the last 20 years standardized techniques have been employed for the
      investigation of intravenous hypnotics, psychotropic and neuroleptic drugs. Sleep
      has been studied with the help of EEG measures and side-effects have been
      evaluated by psychometric tests. The EEG is a proven parameter with regard to
      dosage determination and as objective means to find sleep-inducing quantities of
      drugs. By means of vigilosomnograms we have established dose-effect curves and
      have made comparisons between related drugs in the form of equivalence studies.
      From an anaesthesiological point of view controllability of a substance is
      determined by duration of effect (short- or long-acting) and by depth of sleep
      (light or deep states) achieved. By these criteria midazolam displays good
      controllability with regard to duration, but not in terms of depth of sleep,
      since it follows the "all-or-nothing" rule, even with 0.1 mg/kg following both
      intravenous or intramuscular injection. Lormetazepam, on the other hand, shows
      good controllability of depth of sleep from tranquillity via sedation to
      hypnosis, but duration of effect is less well controllable in that patients
      remain lightly asleep even after 2 h. According to the vigilosomnograms the
      lormetazepam/oxygen/nitrous oxide combination produced a super-added increase in
      the depth of the hypnotic effect. After droperidol the specific nitrous oxide
      component of the depth of sleep at Bo stage was not exceeded. The development of
      benzodiazepine antagonists, which immediately counteract the benzodiazepine
      induced sleep and respiratory obstruction is a milestone in the area of CNS
      research.

PMID- 6382254
TI  - Are poor sleepers changed into good sleepers by hypnotic drugs?
AB  - Sleep can be measured by subjective ratings, electrophysiological recordings and
      by the physiological and biochemical changes occurring with sleep. Using these
      methods, we can select those who rate their sleep as unsatisfactory and those who
      feel fully satisfied by their sleep. Electrophysiological recordings of sleep
      show that there are relatively small differences between these good and poor
      sleepers: poor sleepers sleep less than good sleepers, but not as little as they
      think. However, the complaints of poor sleepers that they feel unrestored by
      their sleep should not be dismissed, for investigations employing the tools of
      physiology and biochemistry have revealed differences between good and poor
      sleepers that suggest that the sleep of poor sleepers may indeed be less
      restorative. The actions of hypnotic drugs on sleep can be similarly
      investigated. Preliminary findings suggest that hypnotic drugs may reverse some
      of the detrimental metabolic concomitants of poor sleep.

PMID- 6382255
TI  - Psychological performance models as indicators of the effects of hypnotic drugs
      on sleep.
AB  - A theoretical and practical scheme for the measurement of change in psychological
      performance is presented. An information processing paradigm is used as the basis
      for the model while personality, memory, motivational and experiential variables
      are shown to be amenable to control via the application of standard experimental
      methodologies. The model is realised in practical experimental terms in the use
      of measures of choice reaction time and critical flicker fusion threshold. The
      reliability and sensitivity of these parsimonious indices of performance change
      is illustrated in a brief review of the effects of benzodiazepine hypnotics on
      early morning performance.

PMID- 6382256
TI  - Conversion of proglucagon in pancreatic alpha cells: the major endproducts are
      glucagon and a single peptide, the major proglucagon fragment, that contains two
      glucagon-like sequences.
AB  - It has previously been shown by biosynthetic labeling studies that glucagon is
      synthesized in mammalian islets via an 18-kDa precursor, proglucagon, that during
      processing gives rise to glucagon and a secreted peptide of 10 kDa (the major
      proglucagon fragment, MPGF). We have now developed a simple procedure for the
      isolation of this peptide from rat pancreatic islets and have characterized it
      more fully. On the basis of its amino acid composition, MPGF is identified as the
      COOH-terminal portion of proglucagon that contains two glucagon-related
      sequences. These sequences do not appear to be liberated from MPGF in alpha cells
      of the islets of Langerhans but MPGF may be processed further elsewhere in the
      body or in other cells of the gastrointestinal tract that produce glucagon
      precursors.

PMID- 6382257
TI  - Sensory transduction in Escherichia coli: regulation of the demethylation rate by
      the CheA protein.
AB  - The reversible methylation of three membrane proteins plays an essential role in
      bacterial chemotaxis. Chemotactic stimuli bring about changes in the levels of
      methylation of these proteins, at least in part, by regulation of the
      demethylation reaction. Addition of attractants causes an increase in the
      methylation level and a transient, but essentially complete, inhibition in the
      rate of the demethylation reaction, while addition of repellents results in a
      decrease in level and a transient increase (of at least 25- to 30-fold) in rate.
      We have now found that the increase, but not the decrease, in rate requires the
      presence of the cheA gene product, a protein that is distinct from the
      demethylase. The demethylation reaction is therefore regulated by two distinct
      mechanisms--one, which involves the CheA protein, that mediates the increase in
      rate and a second, which does not involve the CheA protein, that mediates the
      decrease in rate. Several pieces of evidence already in the literature imply that
      the CheA protein functions downstream of the methylation system at the flagellar
      end of the chemotactic machinery. These data, in conjunction with the newer
      results, suggest that the CheA protein helps to regulate the demethylation
      reaction through a feedback mechanism.

PMID- 6382258
TI  - Transfer RNA mischarging mediated by a mutant Escherichia coli glutaminyl-tRNA
      synthetase.
AB  - We have isolated mutations in the Escherichia coli glnS gene encoding glutaminyl
      tRNA synthetase [GlnS; L-glutamine:tRNAGln ligase (AMP-forming), EC 6.1.1.18]
      that give rise to gene products with altered specificity for tRNA and are
      designated "mischarging" enzymes. These were produced by nitrosoguanine
      mutagenesis of the glnS gene carried on a transducing phage (lambda pglnS+). We
      then selected for mischarging of su+3 tRNATyr with glutamine by requiring
      suppression of a glutamine-requiring beta-galactosidase amber mutation
      (lacZ1000). Three independently isolated mutants (glnS7, glnS8, and glnS9) were
      characterized by genetic and biochemical means. The enzymes encoded by glnS7,
      glnS8, and glnS9 appear to be highly selective for su+3 tRNATyr, because in vivo
      mischarging of other amber suppressor tRNAs was not detected. The GlnS mutants
      described here retain their capacity to correctly aminoacylate tRNAGln. All three
      independently isolated mutant genes encode proteins with isoelectric points that
      differ from those of the wild-type enzyme but are identical to each other. This
      suggests that only a single site in the enzyme structure is altered to give the
      observed mischarging properties. In vitro aminoacylation reactions with purified
      GlnS7 protein show that this enzyme can also mischarge some tRNA species lacking
      the amber anticodon. This is an example of mischarging phenotype conferred by a
      mutation in an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase gene; the results are discussed in the
      context of earlier genetic studies with mutant tRNAs.

PMID- 6382259
TI  - Defining a bacteriophage T4 late promoter: bacteriophage T4 gene 55 protein
      suffices for directing late promoter recognition.
AB  - The RNA polymerase from bacteriophage T4-infected Escherichia coli, which
      specifically initiates transcription at phage T4 late promoters, is extensively
      modified by ADP-ribosylation of core subunits and by binding several virus
      encoded subunits. We show here that one of these subunits, the phage T4 gene 55
      protein, designated gp55, alone endows unmodified RNA polymerase core enzyme from
      uninfected E. coli with the ability to selectively initiate transcription at the
      phage T4 late promoters, without participation by E. coli RNA polymerase o-
      subunit.

PMID- 6382260
TI  - Chemical reduction of oxidized human lymphocytes inhibits interleukin 2
      production but not induction of interleukin 2 responsiveness.
AB  - Treatment with neuraminidase (NA) plus galactose oxidase (GalOxase) does not
      cause stimulation of human thymocytes. However, stimulation can be achieved by
      addition of exogenous interleukin 2 (IL-2). The IL-2-induced stimulation was
      inhibited with anti-Tac antibody, indicating that NA/GalOxase-oxidized cells can
      serve as inducers of functional IL-2 receptors on IL-2-responding T cells. The
      induction of IL-2 receptors by the oxidized cells was not inhibited by subsequent
      reduction with borohydride, since the cells could still be stimulated with IL-2.
      The presence of IL-2 receptors was also confirmed by flow cytometry using
      indirect immunofluorescence. Peripheral blood lymphocytes can be stimulated by
      NA/GalOxase treatment, and the conditioned medium from this treatment can support
      the growth of an IL-2-dependent line. This stimulation can be inhibited with
      borohydride and restored with IL-2. The conditioned medium derived from the
      borohydride-reduced cells cannot support the growth of the IL-2-dependent line,
      indicating that borohydride inhibits the oxidation-induced IL-2 production. The
      results suggest that NA/GalOxase-oxidized sites can be modified chemically
      without losing the potential to induce IL-2 receptors.

PMID- 6382261
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies of predefined specificity detect activated ras gene
      expression in human mammary and colon carcinomas.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) of predefined specificity have been generated by
      utilizing a synthetic peptide reflecting amino acid positions 10-17 of the Hu
      rasT24 gene product as immunogen. These MAbs, designated RAP-1 through RAP-5 (RA,
      ras; P, peptide), have been shown to react with the ras gene product p21. Since
      the Hu-ras reactive determinants (positions 10-17) have been predicted to be
      within the tertiary structure of the p21 molecule, it was not unexpected that
      denaturation of cell extracts or tissue sections with Formalin or glutaraldehyde
      enhanced binding of the RAP MAbs. When paraffin-embedded Formalin-fixed tissue
      sections and the avidin-biotin complex immunoperoxidase method were used, the RAP
      MAbs clearly defined enhanced ras p21 expression in the majority of human colon
      and mammary carcinomas. The majority of all abnormal ducts and lobules from
      fibroadenoma and fibrocystic disease patients were negative, as were all normal
      mammary and colonic epithelia examined. The findings reported here form the basis
      for quantitative radioimmunoassays for a ras translational product and provide a
      means to evaluate ras p21 expression within individual cells of normal tissues
      and benign, "premalignant," and malignant lesions.

PMID- 6382262
TI  - Catalytic consequences of oligomeric organization: kinetic evidence for
      "tethered" acto-heavy meromyosin at low ATP concentrations.
AB  - The influence of the supramolecular organization of myosin on its ATPase activity
      was investigated at a range of ATP concentrations, using as a model system
      subfragment 1 (S1) and heavy meromyosin (HMM), which are respectively monomeric
      and dimeric proteolytic fragments of myosin. At low ATP levels in the presence of
      a molar excess of actin, dimeric HMM showed an increased rate of ATP hydrolysis
      relative to that for monomeric S1. This increased ATPase for HMM was inhibited by
      high concentrations of ATP, which reduced the acto-HMM ATPase rate to the lower
      level of acto-S1. This observation is consistent with the rapid ATP hydrolysis of
      acto-HMM at low ATP being due to rapid product release from a "tethered" acto-HMM
      species, which has product bound to one head group while the other head group
      remains bound to actin. At high concentrations of ATP, ATP binds to both head
      groups, resulting in net dissociation of HMM from actin. This model is supported
      by 18O exchange data. Acto-HMM hydrolyzed ATP with extensive exchange of water
      oxygens into Pi at high ATP levels, but not at low ATP levels. Acto-S1 exhibited
      extensive exchange at both high and low ATP levels. This result is consistent
      with rapid product release from a tethered acto-HMM intermediate at low ATP.

PMID- 6382263
TI  - Translational regulation of the L11 ribosomal protein operon of Escherichia coli:
      analysis of the mRNA target site using oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis.
AB  - The L11 ribosomal protein operon in Escherichia coli consists of the genes for
      proteins L11 and L1 and is feedback regulated by the translational repressor L1.
      The mRNA target site for this repression is located close to the translation
      initiation site of the first L11 cistron. Several mutant plasmid molecules
      carrying altered nucleotide sequences in the L1 target site were constructed by
      site-directed in vitro mutagenesis using synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides.
      Specifically, we examined the importance of a presumptive double-stranded stem
      structure that is common among L1 binding sites on rRNA from a variety of
      organisms and in L11 mRNA. Mutational alterations that disrupt the stem structure
      were found to abolish translational regulation as analyzed both in vitro and in
      vivo. Two of the mutations were combined so that the stem structure was restored
      but with a different primary nucleotide sequence. This double mutant was shown to
      restore the original phenotype, the ability to be translationally regulated by
      L1. These experiments show the importance of the stem structure, but not its
      primary sequence, for the interaction of L1 with the mRNA and support the concept
      that mRNA target sites share some structural features with the corresponding
      ribosomal protein binding sites of rRNA.

PMID- 6382264
TI  - Microvillin: a 200-kilodalton protein in microvilli of rat mammary cells detected
      by a monoclonal antibody.
AB  - We have isolated a monoclonal antibody that was raised against rat mammary tumor
      cells. The antibody stains the lumenal edge of mammary duct epithelial cells. It
      immunoprecipitates a 200-kilodalton nonglycosylated, nonphosphorylated protein,
      which, by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, can be localized in
      microvilli. In addition to microvilli of mammary ducts, this monoclonal antibody
      stains microvilli of the salivary ducts and of the renal nephron. It does not
      stain the microvilli of the intestinal brush border and shows a different tissue
      distribution than previously described proteins of this microvillus. We propose
      the name microvillin to distinguish the protein from other microvillar proteins.
      The presence of the protein distinguishes two classes of microvilli that are
      present in cells with possibly different transport functions.

PMID- 6382265
TI  - Mep-1 gene controlling a kidney metalloendopeptidase is linked to the major
      histocompatibility complex in mice.
AB  - Meprin, a glycoprotein with potent metalloendopeptidase activity, is an integral
      component of the brush border membrane of mouse kidney. Previously we reported
      that genealogically related inbred mouse strains (C3H and CBA) are markedly
      deficient in the activity of this enzyme. We report here that meprin deficiency
      is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and that several other inbred
      strains also express low levels of meprin activity. All of the inbred strains
      deficient in meprin activity are of the H-2k haplotype; however, two strains of
      this haplotype (C58 and C57BR/cd) expressed normal levels of the proteinase.
      Congeneic and recombinant mouse strains were examined to determine whether the
      deficiency was linked to the H-2 complex. The gene controlling the activity of
      meprin (Mep-1) maps on chromosome 17 to the right of the D end of the major
      histocompatibility complex. The Mep-1 gene is closely linked to a gene that
      controls isoenzyme patterns of phosphoglycerate kinase (Pgk-2). This work
      represents the localization of a gene that determines the activity of an integral
      cellular endopeptidase in mammalian tissues. In addition, the Mep-1 gene is the
      only identified gene linked to the major histocompatibility complex that
      regulates a proteinase activity.

PMID- 6382268
TI  - Liver perfusion: an in vitro technique for the study of intracellular protein
      turnover and its regulation in vivo.

PMID- 6382266
TI  - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase-containing hepatocytes are distributed
      periportally in normal and mevinolin-treated rat livers.
AB  - Mevinolin is a potent inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A
      reductase (HMG-CoA reductase; EC 1.1.1.34), an enzyme that catalyzes the rate
      limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis. We have been studying the hepatic
      distribution of reductase with immunofluorescence microscopy and liver
      ultrastructure with electron microscopy in normal and drug-treated rats. In
      control animals, only about 20% of the hepatocytes were reductase positive. These
      cells were localized in the periportal lobular zones. The numbers of positive
      hepatocytes in animals given mevinolin or cholestyramine (or both) were directly
      proportional to the activities of the HMG-CoA reductase determined biochemically.
      This induction of HMG-CoA reductase immunofluorescence was centered periportally.
      Rats given 0.075% mevinolin alone had a homogeneous distribution of reductase
      staining in their hepatocyte cytoplasm, whereas a combination of 0.25% mevinolin
      and 3% cholestyramine caused a 150-fold increase in enzyme activity and induced
      prominent juxtanuclear immunofluorescent globules of HMG-CoA reductase in all
      hepatocytes. With electron microscopy, these bodies were composed of tightly
      packed stacks of smooth endoplasmic reticulum cysternae and aggregates of
      branched smooth endoplasmic reticulum tubules. Our data suggest that a
      subpopulation of periportal rat hepatocytes may be uniquely specialized for
      cholesterol synthesis.

PMID- 6382267
TI  - The luminally- and vascularly-perfused small intestine as an experimental system
      for the study of translocation and metabolism.

PMID- 6382269
TI  - Diabetes and renal calcium binding protein in the rat.
AB  - Renal calcium binding protein (CaBP), a vitamin D-dependent protein of 28,000 Mr,
      may be involved in calcium transport by cells of the renal tubule. The
      streptozotocin-diabetic rat is hypercalciuric and shows markedly decreased
      concentration of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2D3] in serum and of
      CaBP in small intestine. To examine the relationship of renal CaBP in diabetes to
      1,25-(OH)2D3 and urinary calcium excretion, renal CaBP, serum 1,25-(OH)2D3, and
      urinary calcium were measured in control, diabetic, and insulin-treated diabetic
      rats. Treatment of the diabetic rat with insulin decreased urinary calcium
      excretion and elevated 1,25-(OH)2D3 toward normal. Renal CaBP was found to be the
      same in controls and diabetics despite a tenfold difference in concentration of
      1,25-(OH)2D3 in serum, and to be unaffected by insulin treatment, which elevated
      1,25-(OH)2D3 by a factor of 7 above untreated diabetics. It is concluded that in
      the diabetic rat either (1) the threshold concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D3 for
      inducing synthesis of renal CaBP is set at a much lower level than that for
      intestinal CaBP, or (2) since both 1,25-(OH)2D3 and renal CaBP are produced in
      the kidney, 1,25-(OH)2D3 exerts a paracrine effect on renal CaBP production
      because of its high local concentration. The increased urinary calcium excretion
      in the untreated streptozotocin-diabetic rat is not secondary to an alteration in
      renal CaBP.

PMID- 6382270
TI  - Effects of growth hormone on the in vitro maturation of fetal islets.
AB  - To study the effects of growth hormone (GH) on the in vitro maturation of fetal
      islets, the fetal islets were cultured for 7 days in RPMI 1640 containing 10%
      fetal bovine serum and 11.1 mM glucose with or without GH. Culture with 1
      microgram/ml of bovine GH increased the DNA content of the islets and
      [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA confirming results of other investigators.
      In addition, however, the insulin secretory dynamics and ultrastructural
      morphometrics were investigated. It was found that GH-treated islets demonstrated
      increased insulin release during acute glucose stimulation when expressed as
      microunits per islet per minute. However, when insulin release during acute
      glucose stimulation was expressed as microunits per microgram of DNA per minute
      to compensate for the increased DNA content of GH-treated islets, no change in
      insulin release was observed compared to control islets. When GH-treated islets
      were perifused with a linear glucose gradient, the insulin secretory response was
      suppressed as indicated by changes in the threshold level, plateau level, and
      half-maximal response. Ultrastructural morphometric data showed that the average
      beta-cell volume in control and GH-treated islets was the same, eliminating the
      possibility that beta-cell hypertrophy occurred. Similarly, the nuclear volumes
      of the beta cells in control and GH-treated islets remained unchanged. This
      finding coupled with the observed increased DNA content and [3H]thymidine
      incorporation suggests that GH functions by increasing cell multiplication within
      the islets and not by inducing polyploidy. Finally, the volumes of cytoplasmic
      organelles in control and GH-treated islets were the same indicating that
      cytodifferentiation did not occur.

PMID- 6382271
TI  - Fibronectin and interactions at the cell surface.

PMID- 6382273
TI  - Studies of the extracellular matrix in diseased human muscle.

PMID- 6382272
TI  - Studies on the synthesis, secretion and assembly of proteoglycan aggregates by
      chondrocytes.

PMID- 6382274
TI  - Update on gallstones.

PMID- 6382275
TI  - Bacteriology of hepatolithiasis.
AB  - Hepatolithiasis is associated with bile stasis and bacterial infection.
      Gallstones found in the intrahepatic bile duct are mostly calcium bilirubinate
      stones, the presence of which is closely related to the presence of bacteria. In
      the present study, a high incidence of bile infection was found in
      hepatolithiasis: 52 of 54 cases (96.3%). This is in concordance with the other
      reports from Japan as well as from East Asia. E coli was the most frequent
      isolate followed by Klebsiella, Streptococcus (D), and Pseudomonas. Because of
      the frequent isolation of E coli in calcium bilirubinate stone cases, beta
      glucuronidase from E coli has been thought to be responsible for the formation of
      calcium bilirubinate stones by effecting hydrolysis of bilirubin glucuronide to
      free bilirubin, which is insoluble in water. The recent introduction of improved
      anaerobic culture techniques has led to an increasing number of reports on the
      presence of anaerobes in the biliary tract. Anaerobes were isolated in 6 of 29
      cases of hepatolithiasis (20.7%) in our series but more frequently in Kaohsiung,
      Taiwan (25 of 57 cases, or 44.4%). Bacteroides and Clostridium were the most
      frequent isolates from the biliary tract and were shown to have beta
      glucuronidase activity. Anaerobes were often found together with aerobes,
      suggesting the possibility of a synergistic effect that may influence the
      occurrence and development of cholangitis, which is often associated with
      hepatolithiasis. Though the biliary tract and liver are usually sterile, when an
      infection of the biliary tract occurs the route by which bacteria reach the
      region is thought to be hematogenous, lymphatic, or direct intraluminal ascending
      infection, the last being the most likely. Treatment of cholangitis associated
      with hepatolithiasis should be directed toward the removal of stones and
      termination of bile stasis. When cholangitis ensues, control of bacterial
      infection by antibiotics should be started without delay. The choice of
      antibiotics in controlling cholangitis is presented.

PMID- 6382276
TI  - Endoscopic treatment of common bile duct stones.

PMID- 6382277
TI  - Percutaneous transhepatic stone extraction technique for management of retained
      biliary tract stones.
AB  - Postoperative choledochoscopy is a great armament for management of retained
      biliary tract stones and intrahepatic stones. Choledochoscopy can also be safely
      carried out through a sinus tract artificially established by PTBD and other
      procedures. The number of sessions and the time required for retrieval of stones
      are reduced with an endoscopic approach carried out through multiple sinus
      tracts. This endoscopic approach is more reliable because the interior of the
      biliary tract is visible. If this endoscopic stone extraction technique becomes
      more routine, better therapeutic results for biliary tract stones may be
      expected.

PMID- 6382278
TI  - Mechanisms of formation, hepatic transport, and metabolism of bile pigments.

PMID- 6382280
TI  - Pathogenesis of the calcium bilirubinate stone.

PMID- 6382281
TI  - New imaging techniques in the staging of urological tumors (kidney,
      retroperitoneal lymph nodes and tumors).

PMID- 6382279
TI  - Bilirubin solubility and the etiology of pigment gallstones.

PMID- 6382282
TI  - Tissue blood group ABH and Thomsen-Friedenreich antigens in human urinary bladder
      carcinoma.

PMID- 6382285
TI  - Radiotherapy of prostatic cancer: Stanford University experience.
AB  - External beam irradiation has been used extensively in the treatment of primary
      prostatic carcinoma during the past 25 years. Actuarial survival rates of 79%,
      58%, and 37% have been achieved at 5, 10, and 15 years, respectively, for
      patients with disease apparently limited to the prostate (nominal stage A and B;
      or T0, T1, and T2, status of lymph nodes unknown). The survival rates at the
      above intervals are 60%, 36%, and 22%, respectively, for patients with
      extracapsular extension (stage C, or T3 status of lymph nodes unknown). In more
      highly selected subgroups of patients, e.g., those with nodular lesions 1 cm or
      less in diameter, the survival stabilized at 80% by the 8th year, with the
      longest survivors now passing the 15th year. In 113 patients with nodular lesions
      occupying up to one half of one lobe, the probability of survival is just under
      60% at 15 years. In a group of 51 staged Stanford patients, a study of the time
      to first evidence of metastases was comparable to the surgical group reported by
      the Uro-Oncology Research Group rather than the radiation therapy group, casting
      doubt that the difference in outcome between surgery and radiation therapy in
      stages A2 and B carcinoma of the prostate demonstrated in short-term follow-up by
      the Uro-Oncology Research Group is necessarily a fundamental observation. Both
      the clinical stage and the histopathologic grade can be correlated with
      lymphadenopathy, and lymphadenopathy, in turn, has a profound adverse influence
      on survival. Other factors which adversely affect survival include a delay in
      treatment of greater than six months, a radiation dose of less than 6500 rad
      and/or evidence of ureteral obstruction. The ability to sterilize the primary
      tumor with external beam irradiation appears related to the bulkiness of the
      disease, suggesting that, for larger tumors, the achievable dose by external beam
      therapy alone may be inadequate, and that some form of augmentation, such as the
      use of radiosensitizers, hyperthermia in conjunction with irradiation, or an
      interstitial supplement may be required to increase the rate of local
      sterilization.

PMID- 6382284
TI  - Analytical cytology: its role in urological oncology.

PMID- 6382286
TI  - In vitro chemotherapy sensitivity testing for genitourinary malignancies.

PMID- 6382287
TI  - New concepts and controversies concerning prostate cancer.

PMID- 6382283
TI  - The role of systemic chemotherapy in advanced bladder cancer.

PMID- 6382288
TI  - Non-collagenous glycoproteins of the connective tissue and biomatrix.

PMID- 6382289
TI  - Multiple responses of connective tissue cells to mitogenic stimulation with
      platelet-derived growth factor.
AB  - A number of important properties are held by mitogenic substances such as
      platelet derived growth factor for cells that can respond to such a mitogen.
      These include responses that occur early after exposure of the cells to the
      mitogens. Such responses include increases in endocytosis, binding of low density
      lipoprotein to high affinity cell surface receptors and increased uptake and
      degradation of LDL, increases in phospholipid metabolism, sodium and potassium
      ion flux, increases in protein and RNA synthesis, and chemotaxis. It is not yet
      clear whether some of these properties can be separated from the stimulus to
      enter DNA synthesis and mitosis, or whether they are tightly coupled to the
      latter. Nevertheless, they all precede DNA synthesis by many hours before the
      cells enter into S and go on to divide. It is highly probable that a number of
      other biological events will be found to be stimulated by exposing cells to
      mitogens, such as the platelet derived growth factor. Elucidation of these events
      and determination of the interrelation of each of these biological responses to
      the subsequent multiplication of the cells in a given set of circumstances will
      help to provide a basis for understanding how these mitogens work, and
      potentially how it may be possible to prevent some of the proliferative responses
      that represent such an inherent part of many disease processes.

PMID- 6382290
TI  - Use of defined media for analysis of the action of platelet-derived growth factor
      on fibroblasts.

PMID- 6382291
TI  - Lymphocyte and macrophage derived fibroblast growth factors.

PMID- 6382292
TI  - Studies of bone marrow stromal cells in vitro.

PMID- 6382293
TI  - Myelofibrosis in the myeloproliferative disorders.
AB  - There is an extensive descriptive literature concerning both the clinical and
      pathologic features of myelofibrosis as it occurs in the setting of
      myeloproliferative disease. These initial chapters of this book have reviewed
      these aspects of the problem, and will therefore serve as a background against
      which recent new advances in the biology of collagen in particular, and
      connective tissue in general, can be viewed. These newer advances will constitute
      the remainder of this book.

PMID- 6382294
TI  - Human bone marrow fibroblast colony-forming units (CFU-F).
AB  - The bone marrow population includes a cell type which is able to give rise in
      vitro to fibroblast colonies (CFU-F). CFU-F are adherent, nonphagocytic,
      nonproliferating, relatively radioresistant, Ia antigen-negative cells having a
      wide density and sedimentation rate distribution. CFU-F frequency in normal bone
      marrow (aspirates) is 68 +/- 10 (range: 40-143; n = 10), per 5 X 10(6) cells. The
      fibroblastic nature of CFU-F progeny is demonstrated by immunofluorescent
      staining with anti-type I and anti-type III collagen, which are components of the
      marrow intercellular space and known to be produced by fibroblasts.

PMID- 6382295
TI  - Studies of bone marrow stromal cells employing chromosome and G6PD isoenzyme
      analysis.

PMID- 6382296
TI  - Studies of the in vitro microenvironment in human long-term marrow cultures.

PMID- 6382298
TI  - Immunohistological studies of bone marrow collagen.

PMID- 6382297
TI  - Quantitation of bone marrow fibroblasts and collagen in myelofibrosis.

PMID- 6382299
TI  - Myelofibrosis revisited: characterization and classification of myelofibrosis in
      the setting of myeloproliferative disease.
AB  - In describing the various forms of myeloproliferative disease in which
      myelofibrosis develops, it becomes clear that certain cellular and biochemical
      abnormalities are shared by all forms of reactive myelofibrosis. Of possible
      etiologic significance are megakaryocytosis, monocyte-macrophage hyperplasia and
      activation, altered immunologic status, and proliferation of mast cells and
      basophils. The mechanisms by which these abnormalities could mediate fibrosis and
      the methodology that makes assessment and monitoring of fibrosis possible during
      the course of myeloproliferative disease are discussed in the subsequent
      contributions to this volume. Opportunities for further study and elucidation of
      the pathogenesis of myelofibrosis abound and should stimulate the generation of
      new knowledge that has direct relevance to the management of myeloproliferative
      disease.

PMID- 6382300
TI  - Properties of myelofibrosis-derived fibroblasts.
AB  - Fibroblasts derived from bone marrow of patients with primary myelofibrosis and
      of patients with other well-differentiated myeloproliferative disorders without
      myelofibrosis (MPD), exhibit in vitro the same properties as fibroblasts derived
      from normal bone marrow. The cell density distribution, cell sedimentation rate
      distribution and time-dependent adherence of bone marrow fibroblast colony
      forming cells (CFU-F) of MPD patients are similar to those of normals. The in
      vitro growth parameters, namely anchorage, serum dependence, and contact
      inhibition are analogous in fibroblasts derived from fibrotic and normal bone
      marrow. The intra- and extra-cellular distribution of fibronectin, type I, type
      III and type V collagens is similar in cultured marrow fibroblasts from normals,
      and from MPD patients with and without myelofibrosis. The plasminogen-dependent
      fibrinolytic activity elicited from normal and myelofibrotic marrow fibroblasts
      are equivalent. Moreover, marrow fibroblasts from patients with myelofibrosis do
      not exhibit the chromosomal abnormalities present in hematopoietic cells. These
      observations provide strong evidence for the absence of changes associated with
      neoplastic states in fibroblasts derived from fibrotic bone marrow, and support
      the hypothesis that myelofibrosis associated with MPD results from the abnormal
      interaction between hematopoietic cells and marrow collagen-producing cells,
      rather than from a primary disorder affecting the latter cells.

PMID- 6382301
TI  - The spleen as a source of colony-forming cells in myelofibrosis.

PMID- 6382302
TI  - Diagnostic parameters of altered collagen turnover.

PMID- 6382303
TI  - Hypocholesterolemia in myeloproliferative diseases with myelofibrosis.

PMID- 6382304
TI  - Current concepts of the pathogenesis of fibrosis: lessons from pulmonary
      fibrosis.

PMID- 6382305
TI  - The pathophysiology of the fibrosis in scleroderma skin.

PMID- 6382307
TI  - Therapeutic implications of collagen metabolism in myelofibrosis.
AB  - Myelofibrosis is an idiopathic condition of man associated with increased
      deposition of bone marrow collagen. This is directly seen on bone marrow
      reticulin or collagen staining, and reflected by increased levels of serum
      procollagen III aminoterminal peptide (28). It is but one of a number of diseases
      in which collagen, and an aberration of the connective tissue matrix, influence
      normal anatomy and physiology. Animal experiments have shown that the therapeutic
      manipulation of the intra- and extracellular processing of collagen with various
      agents can influence its deposition and the degree of end-organ damage. Several
      of these drugs have been used therapeutically for various clinical conditions and
      deserve clinical trials to evaluate their effectiveness in myelofibrosis. Bone
      marrow fibrosis, and peripheral serum markers which reflect collagen metabolism
      could be followed as experimental parameters. Development of an effective and
      safe antifibroblastic therapy is awaited eagerly. An attempt to prevent the
      fibrosis found in myelofibrosis, as opposed to managing its complications, would
      revolutinize our approach to managing these patients.

PMID- 6382306
TI  - Lessons from the study of cirrhosis and other fibrotic diseases of the liver.
AB  - The synopsis presented above attempts to outline what is currently known about
      the biology of connective tissue as it applied to the liver. Analogies to
      myelofibrosis should be apparent in almost every paragraph.

PMID- 6382308
TI  - Antiinflammatory and antifibrogenic activities of colchicine: treatment of liver
      cirrhosis.

PMID- 6382309
TI  - Glutathione metabolism in malaria infected erythrocytes.

PMID- 6382311
TI  - Host superoxide dismutase incorporation by intraerythrocytic plasmodia.

PMID- 6382310
TI  - Ferriprotoporphyrin IX: a mediator of the antimalarial action of oxidants and 4
      aminoquinoline drugs.
AB  - Ferriprotoporphyrin IX (FP) is released from hemoglobin by oxidative denaturation
      or by proteolytic degradation. FP added exogenously to cells or released
      intracellularly is a lytic toxin. Chloroquine enhances the accumulation of
      exogenous FP in cellular membranes and potentiates its lytic effect. Menadione is
      an example of an oxidant drug that denatures hemoglobin, releases FP
      intracellularly, and thereby lyses cells. Chloroquine increases the accumulation
      of FP in the membranes of menadione-treated erythrocytes and enhances the
      hemolysis induced by menadione. Intraerythrocytic malaria parasites release FP
      from hemoglobin by proteolytic degradation, but they ordinarily survive the
      exposure either because FP interacts with a soluble intracellular substance,
      which renders it nontoxic, or because FP is sequestered in an innocuous,
      insoluble form in malaria pigment. Chloroquine binds tightly to FP, diverts it
      away from the soluble detoxifying substance in malaria parasites, and delays its
      sequestration into malarial pigment. Malaria parasites exposed to chloroquine
      while degrading hemoglobin accumulate a chloroquine-FP complex, which is
      sufficiently toxic to kill them. FP has a detergent-like effect on biological
      membranes which may account for its lytic toxicity.

PMID- 6382312
TI  - Protease inhibitors and antimalarial effects.

PMID- 6382314
TI  - Chloroquine resistance and host cell hemoglobin catabolism in Plasmodium berghei.

PMID- 6382313
TI  - Effects of two methylthioadenosine analogues, SIBA and deaza-SIBA, on P.
      falciparum-infected red cells.

PMID- 6382315
TI  - Oxidative stress and falciparum malaria: a critical review of the evidence.

PMID- 6382316
TI  - Merozoite proteins synthesized in P. falciparum schizonts.

PMID- 6382317
TI  - Plasmodium falciparum malaria: cytoadherence of infected erythrocytes to
      endothelial cells and associated changes in the erythrocyte membrane.

PMID- 6382318
TI  - Radioactivity from 35S-methionine in P. falciparum culture becomes associated
      with immunoprecipitates specific for erythrocyte membrane proteins.

PMID- 6382320
TI  - Evaluation of monoclonal antibody to 19-9 antigen as a potential screening
      technique for colorectal cancer in a high-risk population.

PMID- 6382319
TI  - Oxidative killing of malaria parasites by mononuclear phagocytes.

PMID- 6382321
TI  - A new weapon in the technology transfer arsenal: a clinical research/patient
      decision support system for microcomputers.

PMID- 6382322
TI  - Medicare benefit denial for outpatient continuous chemotherapy infusions.

PMID- 6382323
TI  - Phospholipid-protein interactions and the structure of the human erythrocyte
      membrane; nuclear magnetic resonance studies.

PMID- 6382324
TI  - Disorders of red cell membrane skeleton: an overview.

PMID- 6382325
TI  - The polymorphism of red cell Na and K transport in essential hypertension:
      findings, controversies, and perspectives.

PMID- 6382326
TI  - Analysis of protein 4.1 structural variation using 2-dimensional polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 6382327
TI  - The statistics of reproductive research.

PMID- 6382328
TI  - An overview of female reproduction: sexual differentiation, puberty, menstrual
      function, fertilization.

PMID- 6382329
TI  - Adverse pregnancy outcome: sensitive periods, types of adverse outcomes, and
      relationships with critical exposure periods.
AB  - A wide variety of agents has been demonstrated to be capable of affecting the
      fetus in utero. Certain generalizations can be made concerning these teratogens.
      Two of the most important of these principles are the specificity of the agent
      and the time during gestation of the exposure. Although noticeable adverse
      effects are structural malformations, there are numerous functional
      malformations, such as lower intelligence and poor reproductive outcome, that may
      follow exposure to these agents. There is some evidence that future behavior may
      be affected by in utero teratogen exposure; however, this field has been
      infrequently investigated and no firm conclusions can be drawn.

PMID- 6382330
TI  - Mechanism of environmental agents by class associated with adverse female
      reproductive outcome.

PMID- 6382331
TI  - An overview of male reproductive physiology.
AB  - We have seen that the process of hormone and sperm production in the male is a
      highly complex process necessitating several pathways to occur normally.
      Environmental factors may interact at several levels of the pathway to alter male
      reproductive function.

PMID- 6382332
TI  - Assessment of disorders of spermatogenesis.

PMID- 6382333
TI  - Methods for detecting occupational causes of male infertility: reproductive
      history vs. semen analysis.

PMID- 6382334
TI  - Critical review of studies relating occupational exposures of males and
      reproductive capacity.
AB  - At this point, DBCP appears to be the chemical agent with the most recognizable
      effect on the testis of any chemical studied in regard to occupational exposure.
      The impact DBCP has upon the testis is gross in character, as manifested by
      markedly decreased sperm counts. With the discovery of new sensitive laboratory
      analytical techniques and the use of sophisticated epidemiological methods, new
      studies will help define the impact of occupational exposures to chemical and
      physical agents on the reproductive potential of man.

PMID- 6382335
TI  - An evaluation of sperm tests as indicators of germ-cell damage in men exposed to
      chemical or physical agents.

PMID- 6382336
TI  - An overview of chromosomal, micronucleus, heritable effects, dominant lethal,
      heritable translocation, and specific locus tests.

PMID- 6382337
TI  - An overview of occupational studies directed at assessing genetic damage.

PMID- 6382338
TI  - Genetic toxicology--relevant studies with animals and humans.

PMID- 6382339
TI  - The use of cytogenetic monitoring in the workplace: a position paper of the
      American Industrial Health Council.
AB  - Although tests to determine cytogenetic effects can be used to identify workers
      who have been exposed to certain agents, uncertainties remain. Tests to determine
      cytogenetic effects have not gained wide acceptance for routine monitoring in the
      workplace because of questions concerning their general applicability to detect
      exposure to a wide variety of agents and because of the lack of data showing a
      correlation between cytogenetic effects as detected in humans and adverse health
      effects. Unless those issues are resolved, the measurement of cytogenetic effects
      for workplace monitoring purposes should be regarded as experimental and such
      measurement is not likely to become a routine workplace exposure monitoring
      technique.

PMID- 6382340
TI  - Assessment of reproductive and genetic monitoring in occupational settings:
      government viewpoint.

PMID- 6382341
TI  - Types of exposure models and advantages and disadvantages of sources of exposure
      data for use in occupational reproductive studies.

PMID- 6382342
TI  - Effects of the prostacyclin products, 6-keto prostaglandin E1 and 6-keto
      prostaglandin F1 alpha, on bone resorption in vitro.
AB  - Previous studies have suggested that prostacyclin (PGI2) can stimulate bone
      resorption in vitro. However, this effect required repeated administration,
      perhaps because PGI2 is rapidly degraded or converted to other products,
      including 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha (6K-PGF1 alpha) and possibly 6-keto
      prostaglandin E1 (6K-PGE1). We therefore tested the ability of 6K-PGF1 alpha and
      6K-PGE1 to stimulate bone resorption as measured by the release of previously
      incorporated 45Ca from 19-day fetal rat long bone cultures and compared their
      effects with those of PGE1 and PGF1 alpha. As reported previously, PGE1 was the
      most potent of the monoenoic prostanoids. PGF1 alpha was somewhat less potent. Of
      the PGI2 products 6K-PGE1 was an effective stimulator, but less potent than PGE1
      or PGF1 alpha. Thus, the potency ratios were approximately 100:10:1 for PGE1,
      PGF1 alpha and 6K-PGE1. In contrast, 6K-PGF1 alpha did not produce a maximal
      resorptive response and its effects were not dose-related. We conclude that 6K
      PGE1 is an effective stimulator of bone resorption in vitro, while 6K-PGE1 alpha
      is only a partial agonist. The formation of these compounds might account for
      some of the effects of PGI2 reported previously.

PMID- 6382344
TI  - [A short technical lexicon of pharmacy and medicine].

PMID- 6382343
TI  - Effects of aspirin dosage and time of administration on arterial prostacyclin
      production and platelet aggregation in rats.
AB  - Previously we reported that electrically-induced carotid artery thrombosis in
      anesthetized rats was prevented by 3.3 or 10 mg/kg aspirin (ASA) given i.v. 10
      min before injury but not by 1.7, 20 or 100 mg/kg and protection was lost by
      delaying injury to 20 min (Haemostasis 13:42, 1983). Here, collagen-induced
      platelet aggregation and arterial prostacyclin-generating activity, measured by
      RIA for 6 keto-PGF1 alpha and by human platelet aggregation bioassay, were
      studied ex vivo after i.v. ASA to anesthetized rats. In all cases where platelet
      aggregation was inhibited less than 50%, no protection had been observed (1.7
      mg/kg at 10 min, 3.3 at 20 min, 20 at 10 min). In the two cases where protection
      had been observed, platelet aggregation was inhibited by about 75% or more and in
      one, prostacyclin activity was about 50% of normal (3.3 mg/kg at 10 min). Thus in
      five of six dose-time combinations tested, antithrombotic protection could be
      explained by a requirement for about 50% of normal prostacyclin activity and
      about 75% of inhibition of collagen aggregation. Aberrant findings are discussed
      in the light of knowledge of salicylate/aspirin competition for cyclooxygenase.

PMID- 6382345
TI  - [Original lithography specifically for pharmacists: historical apothecary
      instruments and medicinal plants].

PMID- 6382346
TI  - [The history of pharmaceutical science. 12. The importance of the discovery of
      morphine in the development of pharmaceutical science].

PMID- 6382347
TI  - Progressive glomerular injury: roles of dietary protein and compensatory
      hypertrophy.

PMID- 6382348
TI  - Therapeutic significance of drug-nutrient interactions in the elderly.

PMID- 6382350
TI  - Estimation of toxicological endpoints by structure-activity relationships.

PMID- 6382351
TI  - Adaptive and nonadaptive consequences of chemical inhibition of intercellular
      communication.
AB  - Intercellular communication is a fundamental process in multicellular organisms
      developed to orchestrate homeostatic control of mitotic and differentiation
      processes in pre- and postmitotic cells. Endogenous and exogenous chemicals can,
      via a series of mechanisms, interfere with intercellular communication between
      and within various tissues. The responses to the inhibition of non-gap-junctional
      and gap-junctional communication can be either adaptive or nonadaptive depending
      on the mitigating circumstances. The inhibition of gap-junctional communication
      appears to be one of the sequelae of a membrane-triggered response to many
      natural and man-made pharmacological chemicals. The biological consequences of
      inhibited intercellular communication might include teratogenesis (embryo or
      fetal toxicity), tumor promotion, reproductive toxicology, and neuroendocrine
      related disorders.

PMID- 6382349
TI  - Nutritional factors: modulating effects on immune function and aging.

PMID- 6382352
TI  - Use of whole embryo culture for evaluating toxicity and teratogenicity.

PMID- 6382353
TI  - Predictive and mechanistic evaluation to toxic responses in mammalian cell
      culture systems.

PMID- 6382354
TI  - Toxicity-induced aberrant methylation of DNA and its repair.

PMID- 6382355
TI  - Glutathione depletion and susceptibility.

PMID- 6382356
TI  - Steroid receptors and hormone action: physiological and synthetic androgens and
      progestins can mediate inappropriate biological effects.

PMID- 6382358
TI  - Irreversible cell injury.

PMID- 6382357
TI  - Mechanisms of cell injury with hepatotoxic chemicals.

PMID- 6382359
TI  - Retinoic acid: biochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and therapeutic use.

PMID- 6382360
TI  - The arbitrariness of response definition in clinical trials with antidepressants.

PMID- 6382361
TI  - A placebo-controlled study of the antidepressant activity of moclobemide, a new
      MAO-A inhibitor.
AB  - Preliminary open trials performed by the authors and others with Moclobemide, a
      new MAO-A inhibitor, indicated that the drug has a satisfactory antidepressant
      activity. In the present double-blind study Moclobemide has been compared to
      placebo in a group of 34 unipolar psychotic or neurotic depressed patients. The
      mean daily dose of Moclobemide was 297 mg and treatment lasted from two to four
      weeks. Drug effectiveness was measured by improvements in the Hamilton Rating
      Scale for Depression (HRSD), Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and 100 mm Visual
      Analogue Scale (VAS). The results have shown that the active drug was markedly
      superior to placebo. The mean total score of HRSD was reduced from 41.7 to 16.5
      in 18 pts. treated with Moclobemide and from 36.3 to 29.1 in 16 pts. who received
      placebo. Self-assessment with VAS showed a mean reduction from 82.7 mm to 42.2 mm
      and from 84.3 to 70.6 mm respectively. Moderate to marked improvement was
      observed by the CGI in 15 cases treated with Moclobemide and mild to moderate in
      5 cases who received placebo. The treatment was well tolerated.

PMID- 6382362
TI  - Artificial ventilation by air compression.

PMID- 6382363
TI  - The cat as a research subject.

PMID- 6382364
TI  - Historical development of the anaerobic threshold concept.

PMID- 6382365
TI  - [From history...].

PMID- 6382366
TI  - [25th anniversary of the Circle of the Polish Nursing Society in Istebna].

PMID- 6382367
TI  - Bone grafts: a radiologic, histologic, and biomechanical model comparing
      autografts, allografts, and free vascularized bone grafts.
AB  - We developed an experimental model to compare the efficacy of free vascularized
      bone grafts, conventional segmental autografts, matchstick autografts, and fresh
      segmental allografts in terms of their ability to reconstruct a 7-cm segmental
      diaphyseal defect created in the canine femur. Forty-five adult mongrel dogs were
      studied and followed for 6 to 12 months prior to sacrifice. Evaluation included
      radiologic assessment of graft incorporation and hypertrophy, histology, and
      biomechanical testing. These studies indicated that microsurgically
      revascularized autografts were superior to all other groups in terms of early
      incorporation, hypertrophy, and the highest mechanical strength to failure. Union
      of the bone graft to the recipient femur was achieved by 6 months in 25 of 26
      autografts, and no difference in union rate was seen within the autograft group.
      However, only two of five allografts achieved bony union during this time
      interval. Arteriography, microangiography, fluorochrome, and histologic studies
      all supported the concept that microsurgically revascularized grafts, when
      successful, maintain their viability. However, the premise that all osteocytes
      survive in a successfully revascularized bone graft is open to question. While
      decalcified sections showed that all microsurgically revascularized grafts
      maintained normal viability in the central marrow and cancellous portions
      compared with the other three groups, the viability of cortical bone in the
      vascularized autografts was less clear. Undecalcified fluorochrome sections
      suggested that circulation was not preserved in all portions of the cortex.
      Revascularization of the nonvascularized autografts was complete at 3 months,
      while, in the avascular allografts, the process was not complete at 6 months.

PMID- 6382368
TI  - The use of photographs of postoperative results prior to melanoma resection.
AB  - A total of 99 patients scheduled for resection of stage I melanoma were assigned
      randomly to be shown individually relevant photographs of anticipated
      postoperative results. All patients had received verbal information on this
      subject during discussions with their plastic surgeons. Anticipated and actual
      cosmetic impact or distress was measured with a self-report questionnaire given
      prior to and 6 months following surgery. Patients were least distressed
      postoperatively when their scars were not larger than anticipated. However,
      photographs failed to achieve the expected benefit of increasing the accuracy of
      patients' expectations of their postoperative appearance. Consequently,
      photographs had no effect on levels of preoperative or postoperative distress.
      Selective attention and preferences for limited information among some patients
      are suggested explanations for these results.

PMID- 6382370
TI  - The effect of perioperative adriamycin on skin-graft take and adherence in the
      rat.
AB  - This two-part study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of perioperative
      Adriamycin on skin-graft take and adherence in an animal model. Thirty-four male
      Fisher rats were divided into control and experimental groups. The controls
      received intravenous saline, and the experimental animals received Adriamycin 6
      mg/kg (LD 10) 24 hours preoperatively. Each animal was then grafted with an
      autogenous split-thickness skin graft on a contiguous dermal and fascial bed.
      Skin-graft take was judged and measured at 7 and 14 days postoperatively. The
      average skin-graft take for controls was 6.1 cm2 on both the dermal and fascial
      beds. This was significantly better than the average skin-graft take sustained by
      the experimental groups of 4.3 and 3.5 cm2 on the dermal and fascial beds,
      respectively (p less than 0.01). Another 30 animals were divided into three
      control and three experimental groups. They were treated with saline and
      Adriamycin as before, and they underwent a similar surgical procedure. Skin-graft
      adherence, which was measured at 12, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively, was
      significantly less in the experimental groups compared with the control groups at
      all times measured. These data suggest that a single supratherapeutic dose of
      Adriamycin given preoperatively decreases skin graft take in the experimental
      model studied and that this decrease may be the result of a concomitant decrease
      in graft adherence.

PMID- 6382369
TI  - Postoperative irradiation after reconstructive surgery: comparative study of
      radiosensitivity between free-skin grafts and skin flaps.
AB  - Radiation effects after reconstructive surgery (free-skin grafts and skin flaps)
      were studied in the rat, and the optimum time for irradiation was determined. The
      radiosensitivity of both free-skin grafts and skin flaps showed the same trend
      depending on time of irradiation after operation. The grafts or flaps irradiated
      in the hypervascular stage showed severe reactions to irradiation, whereas those
      irradiated in the hypovascular stage showed milder reactions in gross and
      microangiographic observation. Vascular damage should be given primary
      consideration when deciding the proper time for irradiation after reconstructive
      surgery. In general, free-skin grafts showed more severe reactions than skin
      flaps, especially in the grafts irradiated in the early stage after operation.
      The experimental results of this study cannot be readily transferred to a
      clinical setting, but they suggest that postoperative irradiation could be begun
      3 to 4 weeks after operation with respect to graft or flap survival, and the
      results of the clinical cases almost coincide with these experimental results.

PMID- 6382371
TI  - Peroneal flap for reconstruction in the extremity: preliminary report.
AB  - The peroneal flap has many advantages, such as thin subcutaneous tissue,
      availability of a large-diameter artery and vein for anastomosis, a long pedicle,
      and freely designed size and shape. This technique is introduced because it has
      many outstanding features that allow it to be used to meet a variety of specific
      needs, such as a free peroneal flap, a peroneal island flap, a free vascularized
      fibular graft with skin, and a monitoring flap in free vascularized fibular
      grafts. We have found the peroneal flap to be especially useful.

PMID- 6382372
TI  - Psychotherapy with the hysterical personality: an interpersonal approach.
AB  - Personality disturbances are increasingly being defined in terms of person
      environment transactions. Puzzling individual behavior may take on fresh
      significance when viewed within a broader system of forces (Andrews 1966, 1974;
      Carson 1969; Coyne 1976; Watzlawick et al. 1967). Psychotherapy, in particular,
      can usefully be viewed as a dyadic system in which both parties endeavor to
      define the relationship. The purpose of the present paper is to explore the
      interaction patterns associated with the hysterical personality from this
      perspective; and to identify relationships between these patterns and the
      therapeutic tactics which have proven most fruitful with hysterical patients.
      Since the bulk of clinical literature on hysteria is psychoanalytically based,
      the main emphasis of this paper will be on psychodynamic therapy. The smaller but
      growing body of material dealing with behavior therapy provides a fruitful basis
      for comparison and contrast. New case material will also be introduced to
      illustrate the main therapeutic principles discussed.

PMID- 6382373
TI  - Contributions to the history of psychology: XXXV. Dorothy Burlingham.

PMID- 6382374
TI  - Differential response of plasma glucose, amino acids and nonesterified fatty
      acids to insulin in depressed patients.
AB  - Levels of plasma glucose, nonesterified fatty acids and total amino acids at
      various times after insulin administration were determined in patients with
      either major depressive disorder or dysthymic disorder and in normal control
      subjects. For the first 30 min following insulin administration, the rate of
      change in glucose levels was significantly less among the patients with major
      depressive disorder than among either the patients with dysthymic disorder or the
      normal control subjects. However, during the same time period, the rates of
      decline in nonesterified fatty acids and total amino acids were indistinguishable
      among the three subject groups. Therefore, the insulin resistance in terms of
      glucose levels that is observed in patients with major depressive disorder is not
      generalized to other substances affected by insulin.

PMID- 6382376
TI  - Three cases reports of bone growth in infrabony defects following denaturant
      treatment of the root surface.

PMID- 6382375
TI  - GABA and anterior pituitary function: anatomical data.

PMID- 6382377
TI  - Is immune dysfunction associated with schizophrenia? A review of the data.

PMID- 6382378
TI  - Carbamazepine in alcohol withdrawal syndromes and schizophrenic psychoses.

PMID- 6382379
TI  - Protein turnover with special reference to man.
AB  - This review is concerned with rates of N flux in the living animal rather than
      with mechanisms of protein synthesis and breakdown at the cellular level. Methods
      of measuring protein turnover in the whole body are discussed, with special
      emphasis on studies in man, and results obtained by different methods have been
      compared. Aspects of whole body protein turnover which are of physiological
      interest include its relation to body size, growth and development, energy
      metabolism and food intake. There are substantial increases in protein turnover
      in injury, and changes that occur in exercise are beginning to be explored. From
      the physiological point of view these results point the need for future research
      along two main lines. The first is that of regulation: a wide variety of hormones
      stimulate or repress protein synthesis and breakdown, with varying actions in
      different tissues. These effects, however, do not in themselves explain the
      mechanism by which a balance between synthesis and breakdown is maintained.
      Secondly, the fact that all cellular proteins are in a dynamic state poses
      questions about the relation between structure and function in tissues such as
      muscle and brain, which physiologists have hardly begun to tackle.

PMID- 6382380
TI  - The localization of gastrin-like immunoreactivity (GIR) in the alimentary tract
      of the sheep.
AB  - Using an antiserum raised against synthetic cholecystokinin (CCK 8), the
      localization and distribution of gastrin-like or CCK-like immunoreactivity was
      investigated in the alimentary tract of the sheep by the method of indirect
      immunofluorescence. Immunoreactive cells were confined to the mucosa of the
      abomasal antrum and the proximal small intestine and were not observed in the
      oesophagus, rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasal fundus, ileum, large intestine,
      pancreas or gall-bladder. Antral tissue was fixed for electron microscopy and
      stained by the unlabelled antibody peroxidase anti-peroxidase procedure. Stained
      cells were found across the entire thickness of the mucosa. Adjacent sections
      stained with heavy metals revealed secretory granules with an electron-dense core
      and some G cells possessed a tuft of microvilli projecting into the glandular
      lumen.

PMID- 6382382
TI  - Anterior fixed prosthetics for cleft palate patients.

PMID- 6382381
TI  - Influence of short chain fatty acids on the epithelial cell division of digestive
      tract.

PMID- 6382384
TI  - A prosthetic solution to the periodontally compromised/furcation involved
      abutment tooth (I).

PMID- 6382383
TI  - The iconography of the dental profession (Pietro Longhi (1702-1785).

PMID- 6382385
TI  - The iconography of the dental profession. Francisco Zurbaran (1598-1664).

PMID- 6382386
TI  - The use of a flexible material to negotiate mandibular bilateral undercuts.

PMID- 6382387
TI  - A technique for a cast metal immediate removable partial denture.

PMID- 6382388
TI  - [Wilhelm Dieck--teacher, researcher and politician].

PMID- 6382389
TI  - [Possibilities and limits during treatment with endosseous implants (I)].

PMID- 6382390
TI  - [Metalloceramics without a cast framework--Kera-Platinum-Foil crowns--Ceplatec].

PMID- 6382391
TI  - [Impressions of defects in the area of the soft palate].

PMID- 6382393
TI  - [Titanodont subcortical implant system].

PMID- 6382392
TI  - [Possibilities and limits during treatment with endosseous implants (II)].

PMID- 6382394
TI  - [Clinical experiences with a new bonding agent for use between the dentin and
      composite filling materials].

PMID- 6382395
TI  - [Overbite: possibilities for prosthetic treatment].

PMID- 6382396
TI  - [Experiences with the single inclusion of a cervical ring in the so-called double
      impression].

PMID- 6382397
TI  - [Metallographic grinding technic--a procedure in materials science used for the
      preparation of dental demonstration models].

PMID- 6382398
TI  - [Fluoride in caries prevention at the turn of the century].

PMID- 6382399
TI  - [Basic knowledge: prosthetics].

PMID- 6382400
TI  - [Preparation of provisional dentures using shell pontic forms].

PMID- 6382401
TI  - [Construction of a complete denture (IV)].

PMID- 6382402
TI  - [Partial denture framework construction in dental laboratory (I)].

PMID- 6382404
TI  - [Structural design for a metal framework (I)].

PMID- 6382403
TI  - [Precision model preparation using the Pinmatik system (III)].

PMID- 6382405
TI  - [Quality characteristics of non-precious metal dental casting materials].

PMID- 6382406
TI  - [Completion of a stone die for the purpose of post inspection (I)].

PMID- 6382408
TI  - Toxic variability and radiation sensitization by dichlorodiammineplatinum(II)
      complexes in Salmonella typhimurium cells.
AB  - The oxidative coordination compound cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (cis-DDP) is
      again shown to be a hypoxic cell radiation sensitizer. The mechanism of cis-DDP
      induced radiation sensitization is complex. Results here indicate that cis-DDP
      sensitization operates in part through reactive free radicals, in part through
      the interactions of radiation-induced reactive Pt(I) intermediates, and in part
      through the involvement of thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of Pt(II)-DNA
      binding during irradiation. For the first time, radiation sensitization by trans
      DDP is compared with a sensitizing concentration of cis-DDP within the same
      study. Both analogs are sensitizers, but with significant differences. Further,
      irradiated hypoxic solutions of cis-DDP are found to be more toxic than
      unirradiated solutions.

PMID- 6382407
TI  - The effect of cycloheximide on repair in a temperature conditional radiation
      sensitive mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Previous results [M. Budd and R. K. Mortimer, Mutat. Res. 103, 19-24 (1982)] have
      shown that rad54-3 strains are temperature conditional for double-strand break
      repair. At the temperature where survival is high, 23 degrees C, rad54-3 strains
      are able to repair X-ray-induced double-strand breaks, while at the temperature
      where survival is low, 36 degrees C, these strains are unable to repair rad54-3
      strains provide a system to study the effects of drugs that block protein
      synthesis such as cycloheximide on repair of X-ray damage. Repair of X-ray damage
      is studied by irradiating rad54-3 cells, incubating them at the permissive
      temperature, 23 degrees C, for 5 hr, shifting the cells to the restrictive
      temperature, 36 degrees C, and assaying for colony-forming ability. Comparing the
      survival of these cells with those which had been continuously incubated at the
      restrictive temperature after irradiation shows the extent of repair. Addition of
      cycloheximide at the time of irradiation causes an inhibition of repair. If
      cycloheximide is added a short time after irradiation, an enhanced recovery is
      observed compared with the addition of the drug at the time of irradiation. One
      explanation for the enhanced recovery is an increased synthesis of repair enzymes
      after irradiation.

PMID- 6382409
TI  - Toxic variability and radiation sensitization by Pt(II) analogs in Salmonella
      typhimurium cells.
AB  - A rationale is presented for the development of toxic, i.e., cytocidal, antitumor
      drugs as clinical hypoxic cell radiation sensitizers. Pt(II) complex-induced
      hypoxic cell radiation sensitization may occur from Pt(II) complex in free
      solution and Pt(II) bound to DNA. Although both the free solution and the bound
      compartments may operate, the free solution compartment is more likely amenable
      to experimental and clinical control in the case of systemically active Pt drugs.
      Assuming equivalent cell uptake of different Pt(II) complexes, the free solution
      compartment of Pt(II) sensitization can be increased by utilizing less toxic
      analogs of the antitumor drug cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II). One such less
      toxic Pt(II) sensitizer currently in clinical use is found to be cis-(1,1
      cyclobutanedicarboxylato)diammineplatinum(II). A new finding of both clinical and
      mechanistic usefulness is described: irradiation of hypoxic solutions of four cis
      Pt(II) complexes, but not two trans-Pt(II) complexes, creates products that cause
      toxicity in excess of the unirradiated solutions.

PMID- 6382410
TI  - [Biological effectiveness of ionizing radiations of various quality in
      Escherichia coli bacteria (a theoretical analysis). A cell inactivation model].
AB  - The dependence of the radiosensitivity of bacteria (the wild type, superresistant
      and rec-mutants) on linear energy transfer (LET) is considered. A nonformal model
      of inactivation of different bacterial mutants has been developed on the basis of
      the experimental data available. The concept of "metastable siles" (MS) is
      introduced. MS are peculliar DNA lesions arising from the occurrence of large
      nucleolytic gaps on both strands of DNA. Different mechanisms responsible for MS
      formation are considered. The kinetic equations of the model are solved and the
      parameters determined for both sensitive and resistant mutants.

PMID- 6382412
TI  - [Biological effectiveness of ionizing radiations of various quality in
      Escherichia coli bacteria (a theoretical analysis). Cell radiosensitivity and DNA
      repair].
AB  - On the basis of the ideas reported earlier a study was made of the dependence of
      radiosensitivity (D0-1) of isogenic mutations of E. coli upon LET. This
      dependence was shown to be conditioned not only by the physical parameters of
      radiation but also by the ability of cells to repair definite types of DNA
      lesions. The influence of the balance in the activity of repair enzymes in E.
      coli on the shape of D0-1 (LET) curve is discussed.

PMID- 6382411
TI  - [Biological effectiveness of ionizing radiations of various quality in
      Escherichia coli bacteria (a theoretical analysis). The induction of single- and
      double-stranded DNA breaks].
AB  - Peculiarities of induction of single- and double-strand DNA breaks (SSR and DSB)
      in E. coli cells by ionizing radiation of different LET are discussed. On the
      basis of the model proposed the dependence of the yield of SSR and different
      types of DSB upon LET was calculated. It was shown that enzymatic DSB were mainly
      induced by gamma-radiation. As LET increased the yield of enzymatic DSB decreased
      and that of direct DSR increased.

PMID- 6382414
TI  - [Significance of computer-based evaluation of radiocardiographic data obtained
      using the scintillation crystal probe technic].

PMID- 6382413
TI  - [Deoxyribonuclease activity in the tissues of X-ray irradiated animals with
      alloxan diabetes].
AB  - Fractionated X-irradiation (a cumulative dose of 12.9 mC/kg) of animals with
      alloxan diabetes caused different, with respect to direction and degree, changes
      in liver nuclease system than those observed in intact animals after similar
      irradiation. This indicates that insulin is involved in a metabolic response of
      the organism to irradiation with relatively small doses.

PMID- 6382415
TI  - [Methodological aspects of determining heart circulation magnitudes in the phase
      of equal distribution of the radionuclide].

PMID- 6382416
TI  - Nonpulmonary causes of dyspnea.
AB  - Dyspnea as a symptom is often related to pulmonary disorders. However,
      nonpulmonary disorders could be significantly responsible for causing dyspnea.
      Basic pathophysiology and clinical approach to nonpulmonary disorders causing
      dyspnea are discussed in this article.

PMID- 6382417
TI  - The cervicothoracic junction on chest radiograph.
AB  - Fractures of the first rib may be detected by indirect signs, including apical
      extrapleural fluid collection, pneumothorax, and supraclavicular soft tissue
      mass. Thoracic outlet syndrome represents a complex series of abnormalities that
      may be clarified utilizing digital subtraction angiography. Major distortions of
      alignment can produce bony adaptive changes at the cervicothoracic junction
      simulating intra-spinal canal tumors.

PMID- 6382418
TI  - Systemic disorders affecting the thoracic cage.
AB  - Conventional chest roentgenograms provide an opportunity to study changes in the
      thoracic cage produced by systemic or localized disorders. Careful evaluation of
      abnormalities often gives a clue to the diagnosis of clinically unsuspected
      disorders. In this article, the authors present a review of developmental,
      granulomatous, collagen vascular, hematopoietic, metabolic, endocrine, and
      neoplastic disorders affecting the thoracic cage.

PMID- 6382420
TI  - Thoracic findings in gastrointestinal pathology.
AB  - A large variety of gastrointestinal and abdominal pathologic processes can be
      diagnosed or suspected by their direct effects on the chest. The chest
      radiograph, as often the first admission film, can aid the radiologist in
      recommending the appropriate follow-up examinations.

PMID- 6382419
TI  - Symposium on Nonpulmonary Aspects in Chest Radiology. The thymus.
AB  - In this article, the normal radiographic patterns, normal variants, and biologic
      behavior of the thymus are reviewed. The imaging of thymic pathology is also
      described.

PMID- 6382421
TI  - Mediastinal impressions on the dilated esophagus.
AB  - This article explores how the mediastinum accommodates a significantly dilated
      esophagus, using achalasia as an anatomic model. This accommodation introduces
      the concepts of vascular tethering and the paratracheal esophagus as part of a
      unifying theory of "the path of least resistance." Practical examples demonstrate
      the importance of understanding these concepts in any disease involving
      esophageal dilatation.

PMID- 6382422
TI  - Esophageal perforation.
AB  - A brief synopsis of the clinical and radiographic features of esophageal
      perforation, including barogenic rupture, is outlined. The dependence of the
      thoracic surgeon on roentgenograms and their interpretation by the radiologist is
      emphasized.

PMID- 6382423
TI  - Symposium on Nonpulmonary Aspects in Chest Radiology. The diaphragm.
AB  - The diaphragm is the main muscle of ventilation and the chief barrier separating
      the thorax from the abdomen. This article discusses diaphragmatic anatomy,
      physiology, pathology, and radiology, including hernia, eventration, rupture,
      tumors, paralysis, weakness, and fatigue. Imaging of the diaphragm involves plain
      radiography, fluoroscopy, computed tomography, and ultrasonography.

PMID- 6382424
TI  - Some uncommon lower mediastinal densities: a pictorial essay.
AB  - Despite CT and NMR, plain radiography still plays a major role in the diagnosis
      of mediastinal disease. In this article, the value and limitations of
      conventional techniques in the diagnosis of some unusual lesions of the lower
      mediastinum are demonstrated.

PMID- 6382425
TI  - Pulmonary manifestations of renal disease.
AB  - Many renal diseases have varied pulmonary manifestations. A pattern-recognition
      approach coupled with pertinent clinical findings can often lead to diagnosis of
      a specific disease entity. In this article, an attempt is made to categorize
      pulmonary manifestations of renal disease and to assign them to groups of
      customarily used recognition patterns as presented on chest radiographs.

PMID- 6382426
TI  - Symposium on Nonpulmonary Aspects in Chest Radiology. The pulmonary ligament.
AB  - The pulmonary ligament forms an important attachment of the lower lobe to the
      mediastinum and therefore influences the ultimate configuration of pneumothorax,
      lower-lobe atelectasis, and mediastinal pleural effusions. Since the ligament
      consists of a double pleural sheath, under certain circumstances fluid, air, and
      so on can collect within it, producing a lesion of triangular configuration. The
      latter must be differentiated from an air cyst or atelectasis.

PMID- 6382427
TI  - Pulmonary involvement in diseases of other systems.
AB  - The lungs are often affected in multisystemic processes or in disorders that have
      their predominant manifestations in other organ systems. Assessment of the type
      and distribution of the radiographic pattern is helpful in developing an
      appropriate differential diagnosis for these predominantly extrapulmonary
      diseases.

PMID- 6382428
TI  - The lateral chest radiograph in the assessment of nonpulmonary health and
      disease.
AB  - The lateral chest radiograph contains a wealth of data on the status of the
      thoracic cage, pleura, heart, pericardium, bronchi, and upper abdomen. The
      appearances of slightly oblique projections deviating from the "true" lateral
      projection are reviewed. Careful attention to these common variations of
      projection is advocated.

PMID- 6382429
TI  - Radiologic appearance of compromised thoracic catheters, tubes, and wires.
AB  - Radiology in the acute care setting has become intimately related to evaluation
      of the integrity and correct placement of catheters, tubes, and wires in the
      chest. Radiographic findings of these entities and their related complications
      are reviewed in this article, and common and uncommon examples and illustrations
      from the innumerable variations of compromise are presented.

PMID- 6382430
TI  - [Digital subtraction ventriculography in determining global and regional left
      ventricular parameters compared to left catheterization cardiography].
AB  - Since May 1982 we studied more than 150 patients with heart diseases by means of
      digital angiography, out of them 46 patients with a history of transmural
      myocardial infarction were selected. Urografin 76, 30 ml, was administered at a
      flow rate of 18 ml/s by means of a catheter in the superior vena cava during
      digital subtraction ventriculography. Results were compared with conventional
      contrast ventriculograms. The correlation coefficient was r = 0.93 (p less than
      0.001) for determination of ejection fraction with both methods. The data in
      individual cases suggest that DSV is more sensitive than conventional contrast
      ventriculography in determination of severely reduced ejection fractions. The
      methods are practically identical in qualitative evaluation of disorders of
      regional wall motion in the anterolateral region, while DSV is more sensitive
      than conventional ventriculography in evaluating the apical region. Sensitivity
      was 85.7% when the two methods were compared in evaluation of the inferior region
      of the left ventricle. Both methods are identical in demonstration of severely
      deformed ventricles. Digital subtraction ventriculography may replace
      conventional contrast ventriculography in some of the situations discussed above.

PMID- 6382431
TI  - [Femur head necrosis in metabolic and hormonal osteopathies--a radiologic
      morphologic analysis].
AB  - The pathogenesis of bone necrosis is discussed with special attention and with
      respect to metabolic, hormonal, and vascular factors. The influence of statics
      and dynamics of the hip joint bones for the development of aseptic necrosis are
      discussed. 45 patients with "idiopathic femoral head necroses" were observed,
      including 6 cases of renal osteopathy following renal transplantation and immune
      suppression therapy, 14 cases of long term corticoid therapy, and 11 cases of
      liver diseases of different genesis. The femoral head necrosis is understood as
      complication of an osteopathy. In our patients there were 31 males and 14 females
      - which means higher involvement of males. Plain radiological findings and CT
      findings of changes of the femoral head structure in different stages of the
      disease are described. Early diagnosis of metabolic and hormonal osteopathies is
      demanded for a joint keeping therapy of the beginning femoral head necrosis.

PMID- 6382432
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography in extremity trauma.
AB  - Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) may have considerable impact on the work-up
      of patients who have suffered blunt or penetrating trauma. The angiographic
      evaluation of vascular injuries (e.g., arteriovenous fistulae, pseudoaneurysms,
      hemorrhage) can be accomplished rapidly and with minimal catheter use and
      manipulation, which is particularly important for those critically ill patients
      who have significant immobility because of multiple fractures. We retrospectively
      reviewed the digital subtraction angiograms in 50 consecutive cases of extremity
      trauma. The quality of the images in 44 of these permitted a confident diagnosis,
      the accuracy of which was confirmed by surgical or clinical follow-up. One false
      positive and three false-negative examinations for small muscle bleeders were
      discovered, but none of these was considered clinically significant. DSA reduces
      the time required to perform the procedure, the amount of contrast material
      injected, patient discomfort, and film cost. Its major disadvantage is the
      limited field size of the image intensifier.

PMID- 6382433
TI  - [Design of the prosthetic framework].

PMID- 6382434
TI  - [Importance of color in the complete denture base].

PMID- 6382435
TI  - [Compatibility between impressions of irreversible hydrocolloid and plaster for
      working models].

PMID- 6382436
TI  - [New technic for extra-oral paralleling of abutments].

PMID- 6382437
TI  - Evaluation of myocardial function in cardiomyopathic states.

PMID- 6382438
TI  - Mitral valve prolapse: a cardiomyopathic state?
AB  - Patients with diseases of the myocardium, structural abnormalities of the heart,
      and valvular disease may have mitral valve prolapse demonstrated as a consequence
      of these disease entities. However, there appears to be a primary disease of the
      mitral leaflets in which left ventricular cineangiography has demonstrated
      abnormal contraction patterns of the left ventricle in some patients. The cause
      of these abnormal contraction patterns is controversial, but most of the evidence
      points to these abnormalities being a consequence of the abnormal leaflet tissue
      motion during systole creating abnormal stress on the papillary muscles and
      supporting left ventricle wall. Biopsy evidence of myocardial changes and
      abnormal cardiac metabolic studies in some patients have suggested that
      myocardial function may not be entirely normal in every patient with mitral valve
      prolapse. However, there is not sufficient evidence currently to ascribe these
      histologic, metabolic and angiographic changes to a primary cardiomyopathic
      condition.

PMID- 6382439
TI  - Classification and natural history of primary myocardial disease.

PMID- 6382440
TI  - Neurobiological and neuroendocrine functions of the vasoactive intestinal peptide
      (VIP).

PMID- 6382441
TI  - Hebb synaptic plasticity.

PMID- 6382442
TI  - Brainstem control of the events of REM sleep.

PMID- 6382443
TI  - [The centenary of birth of Professor Antoni Cieszynski].

PMID- 6382444
TI  - [Endurance tests of selected models of straight retention bars].

PMID- 6382445
TI  - [Control studies on edentulous patients undergoing prosthetic treatment using the
      modified Wroclaw method].

PMID- 6382446
TI  - [Glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in patients with thyrotoxicosis treated
      with propranolol].

PMID- 6382447
TI  - [Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency in newborn infants with defects of the
      median line (dysraphia and cleft of the primary and secondary palate].

PMID- 6382448
TI  - The effect of different curing cycles on the dimensional accuracy of acrylic
      resin denture base materials.

PMID- 6382449
TI  - Fixed partial dentures--practical considerations (II).

PMID- 6382450
TI  - Proposal to clone Shiga-like toxin gene from E. coli.

PMID- 6382451
TI  - Request for permission to lower containment conditions for the cloning of the
      gene for Shiga-like toxin from E. coli.

PMID- 6382452
TI  - [Photomultiplier tubes for nuclear radiation detectors--recent developments].

PMID- 6382453
TI  - [Current topics in radiopharmaceuticals in Japan. (IV). Quality control of "Kit"
      made radiopharmaceuticals--radiochemical purity of 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals].

PMID- 6382455
TI  - [Replication of plasmid DNA].

PMID- 6382454
TI  - Tumor imaging with 99mTc-labelled antibody fragments.

PMID- 6382456
TI  - [Current topics in radiopharmaceuticals in Japan (VI). Problems in tumor seeking
      radiopharmaceuticals].

PMID- 6382457
TI  - [Adverse effects of rigid clasps on removable partial extension dentures].

PMID- 6382458
TI  - [Fixed dentures with acid etching].

PMID- 6382459
TI  - [Complement system: an ingenious biochemical mechanism, a co-participant in the
      natural defense and a mediator of cell interaction].

PMID- 6382460
TI  - [Clinical treatment of deep venous thrombosis].

PMID- 6382461
TI  - Restoring the appearance of the edentulous person.

PMID- 6382462
TI  - [Historical outline of endodontics].

PMID- 6382463
TI  - [Irreversible hydrocolloids or alginates. Study of linear dimensional changes in
      alginate impressions as a function of storage time, at 100% humidity].

PMID- 6382464
TI  - [Bonded fixed dentures--clinical cases].

PMID- 6382465
TI  - [Effect of the systemic administration of sodium fluoride on the development of
      the rat mandible].

PMID- 6382466
TI  - [Sources of knowledge and underlying trends in articles published in Revista
      Brasileira de Enfermagem from 1970 to 1981].

PMID- 6382467
TI  - [The professional nurse facing influences in the historical development of
      women].

PMID- 6382468
TI  - [Toxoplasmosis in children treated with immunosuppressive drugs].

PMID- 6382469
TI  - [The influence of humidity on retention achieved with acid etching].

PMID- 6382470
TI  - [Structure of a clinical assay].

PMID- 6382471
TI  - [Complications of surgery for obesity. I. Early complications].

PMID- 6382472
TI  - [Historical evolution of ceramics].

PMID- 6382473
TI  - [Gingival pathology in children's dentistry].

PMID- 6382474
TI  - [Cytometric analysis of normal and pathological cell populations in the oral
      cavity].

PMID- 6382475
TI  - [Study of maximal expiratory flows with light gases. Theoretical aspects].
AB  - The modification of maximum expiratory flows with low gas density breathing was
      proposed a decade ago as a test of small airway obstruction. This short review
      discusses the theoretical bases of the method. Three kinds of approaches have
      been proposed to interpret the findings: the "equal pressure point" concept of
      Mead et al. has stressed the role of the resistance upstream and of elastic
      recoil; the "flow limiting segment" concept of Pride et al. has underlined the
      role of central airways compliance (the compressed segment acting as a resistor);
      recently, the "choke point theory" proposed by Dawson and Eliott discusses the
      role of wave speed propagation in the walls of elastic tubes. All these three
      interpretations take into account the influence of the density of the gas
      breathed--a factor governing the drop in transmural pressure between the alveoli
      and the central airways, and a determinant of the speed of pressure wave
      propagation. In principle, every reduction in gas density should lead to an
      increase in maximal flow; this modification would be less marked if the flow in
      the upstream segment is essentially laminar due to obstruction in the peripheral
      airways. Several points complicating the interpretation are discussed: a) the
      flow in the small airways is never strictly laminar; b) the change in gas density
      (usually-breathing a He-O2 mixture) also influences the length of the upstream
      segment and the pressure wave speed; c) the influence of the cross sectional area
      and compliance of central airways cannot be neglected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6382476
TI  - [Tuberculosis following mycobacteriosis. Apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - Case reports on two men are presented, one suffering from a super-infection of
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the other from Mycobacterium avium after recurrent
      mycobacterial infections. Both patients have died; one 15 years after first
      suffering from a M. kansasii infection (decompensated cor pulmonale) and the
      other 13 years after a M. avium infection (superinfection due to M. bovis). Both
      patients had chemotherapy followed by a pulmonary excision. The authors suggest
      protecting patients suffering from mycobacterial infections in order to avoid
      contamination by obligatory pathogenic mycobacteria, particularly during the
      period following cure. Indeed during this period the chemo-prophylactic action of
      the anti-tuberculous drugs given cannot play a part.

PMID- 6382477
TI  - Biological and clinical significance of immunological cell markers in leukemia.

PMID- 6382478
TI  - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: current status of therapy in children.

PMID- 6382479
TI  - Current status of ALL/AUL therapy in adults.

PMID- 6382480
TI  - Acute myelogenous leukemia: current status of therapy in children.

PMID- 6382481
TI  - Acute myelogenous leukemia: current status of therapy in adults.

PMID- 6382482
TI  - Management of CLL and allied disorders with reference to their immunology and
      proliferation kinetics.

PMID- 6382483
TI  - Management of chronic myelogenous leukemia and blastic crisis.

PMID- 6382484
TI  - Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in leukemia.

PMID- 6382485
TI  - Cytogenetics in leukemia: implications for pathogenesis and prognosis.

PMID- 6382486
TI  - Autologous bone marrow transplantation in leukemia.
AB  - In patients without HLA-identical donors autologous bone marrow transplantation
      should be considered as an alternative to conservative treatment of recurrent
      malignancies. Any patient in complete remission is suitable for an autologous
      bone marrow transplantation. Bone marrow is aspirated from the patient during
      complete remission, frozen, and stored at -196 degrees C, and it can be used for
      hematopoietic reconstitution after high-dose chemotherapy and radiotherapy of the
      patient. In patients with solid malignant tumors or leukemia the elimination of
      clonogenic tumor cells from the graft by means of physical separation techniques
      has not been successful. However, studies in mice and more recently in patients
      indicate that antibodies destroy residual leukemic cells of the bone marrow
      transplant without jeopardizing the capacity for regeneration. During our first
      study in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, bone marrow was taken from
      50 patients in remission and cryopreserved. Preservation time ranged from 1 to 60
      months and the mean number of aspirated nucleated bone marrow cells was 4 X
      10(8)/kg body weight (1.9 - 7.4 X 10(8)/kg). After cryopreservation the stem cell
      viability of the standard samples was 80% - 100%. Autologous bone marrow was
      transplanted in five patients with common ALL (cALL). The transplant was prepared
      by incubation with specific antisera of high cytotoxic, selective activity
      against cALL cells. Our preliminary results show that bone marrow cells aspirated
      in remission and prepared with antileukemic antisera stimulate repopulation of
      the recipient's bone marrow and effect hematopoietic regeneration.

PMID- 6382487
TI  - "Atypical" leukemias: preleukemia, smoldering leukemia and hypoplastic leukemia.

PMID- 6382489
TI  - Intrinsic nephron control mechanisms. Satellite symposium of the XXIXth
      International Congress of the International Union of Physiological Sciences.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 6382488
TI  - Expression of plasma renin activity in terms of urinary sodium excretion and
      posture in normal subjects on free sodium intake.
AB  - Supine and upright plasma renin activities (PRA) were measured in 151 normal
      subjects on free sodium intake. Supine and upright plasma renin activities were
      then related to the 24-hour urinary sodium or the 2-hour urinary sodium
      excretion, measured in the morning after overnight fasting. Urinary sodium
      excretion was expressed as the urinary rate per hour or as the urinary
      Na/creatinine ratio. Correlations were found between both supine and upright PRA
      and 2 h urinary sodium excretion expressed as the Na/creatinine ratio. Supine and
      upright PRA values are expressed in terms of these correlations with confidence
      intervals.

PMID- 6382490
TI  - Cyclosporin A and renal prostaglandin biosynthesis.
AB  - The effect of cyclosporin A (CyA) treatment of rats on prostaglandin synthesis in
      the renal cortex was studied. Renal cortical slices were prepared from control
      and CyA-treated rats and the release of prostaglandins into the medium during
      incubation at 37 degrees was measured. Rats killed 4 hours after receiving 100
      mg/kg CyA orally showed no changes in renal slice release of PGE2, PGF2 alpha, 6
      keto-PGF1 alpha or thromboxane B2. The slice release of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was
      tested after 5 days of CyA treatment and again there was no difference from
      control rats. The effect of CyA added to slice incubations in vitro was examined:
      CyA had no effect on PGE2 or 6-keto-PGF1 alpha release in the presence or absence
      of angiotensin II. Under all of these experimental conditions there was evidence
      of CyA-induced stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system. Indomethacin
      treatment did not inhibit CyA-mediated accumulation of renin in the renal cortex.
      The results suggest that renal prostaglandins do not play a role in CyA
      stimulated renin storage or release, or in CyA nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 6382491
TI  - Comparison of isotope dilution technique and haematocrit determination for blood
      volume estimation in rats subjected to haemorrhage.
AB  - The method of posthaemorrhagic blood volume (BV) determination by simple
      haematocrit measurement has been compared with the conventional isotope dilution
      technique. 51Cr tagged erythrocytes and 125IHSA were used to estimate RBC volume
      and plasma volume in non-starved male Sprague-Dawley rats. Two series of
      experiments were carried out by two different investigatory groups. Haemorrhage
      was inflicted by 60 or 90 min of haemorrhagic hypotension at 70 mm Hg, causing
      41% and 56% loss of the initial estimated BVs, respectively. There was agreement
      in both series for the initial blood volume indices; RBC volume, 2.82 ml x 100 g
      1 b.wt.; plasma volume 3.33 ml x 100 g-1 b.wt. and F cells, 0.91. Using the RBC
      volume data, the calculated residual BVs after haemorrhage corresponded
      accurately to the isotope measurements in both series. It is concluded that non
      splenectomized rats may be used for accurate BV analysis after haemorrhage if the
      basal data for the strain used are known.

PMID- 6382492
TI  - An immunohistological study of feline glomerulonephritis using the peroxidase
      antiperoxidase method.
AB  - Twenty-two cases of feline glomerulonephritis were investigated for the presence
      of immune complexes within the glomerulus using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase
      (PAP) method. This method was used with formalin-fixed paraffin-wax embedded
      tissues which were pretreated with trypsin and with frozen sections of kidney
      tissue. Of a total of 25 kidney specimens examined (two cats had repeated
      biopsies) the composition of the deposits was 23/25 IgG, 17/25 C3, 11/25 IgM and
      2/25 IgA. Serial studies of two cats showed a progression of the disease from
      initial nephrotic syndrome to chronic renal failure. With the more severe form of
      the disease there was a tendency for the deposition of complement and more than
      one class of immunoglobulin within the glomeruli.

PMID- 6382493
TI  - Pulmonary and antiaggregatory effects of prostacyclin after inhalation and
      intravenous infusion.
AB  - Prostacyclin (PGI2) was administered by inhalation (50 micrograms/min) and
      intravenous infusion (15 ng/kg/min) in 5 healthy male volunteers. Irrespective of
      the route of administration this substance was shown to have no effects on
      respiratory indices studied, whereas a significant inhibition of ADP-induced
      platelet aggregation and a fall in vascular resistance could be demonstrated.
      Mainly because of the latter action it is suggested that PGI2, or a stable
      synthetic analogue, might become a potent drug in various pathological
      conditions, in which hypertension of various causes is a problem.

PMID- 6382494
TI  - [Current trends in the study of the respiratory center].

PMID- 6382495
TI  - [Generation of spontaneous respiratory rhythm in the spinal cat].

PMID- 6382496
TI  - [Control of the upper airway function during sleep and anesthesia].

PMID- 6382498
TI  - [Blood viscosity and microcirculation].

PMID- 6382497
TI  - [Nontransmural infarction].

PMID- 6382499
TI  - [Cardiac disorders associated with cerebrovascular accidents--with special
      reference to electrocardiographic changes].

PMID- 6382500
TI  - [Protective effect of GIK-P on the ischemic myocardium].

PMID- 6382502
TI  - An introduction to cancer invasion and metastasis.

PMID- 6382501
TI  - [Effects of combined use of captopril and furosemide on patients with
      hypertensive crisis in acute aortic dissection].

PMID- 6382503
TI  - Tumor cell hybridization and neoplastic progression.
AB  - In the experiments reported here, I was unable to detect any fusion between host
      cells and transplanted tumor cells; however, spontaneous hybridization between
      tumor cells appears to occur in the B16 melanoma. This hybridization was
      demonstrated by mixing together B16-F10RR cells (universal fusers) and B16-F10
      cells, allowing them to grow in close juxtaposition, and recovering putative
      hybrids in the appropriate selection media. The tumor cell-tumor cell composition
      of the resultant hybrids is inferred from the relative frequency of fusions,
      compared with the infrequency of tumor cell-host cell fusion when single
      populations of B16-F10RR cells were used, and by the chromosomal content of the
      hybrids. Definitive proof that hybridization occurs between both types of tumor
      cell rather than between a tumor cell and some other type of cell would require
      the use of a third biochemical marker on the unmarked tumor cells. I am now
      repeating these experiments using B16-F10 cells that exhibit resistance to the
      neomycinlike antibiotic G418. Nonetheless, it is not surprising to find that such
      closely related tumor cells fuse with one another. The efficiency of in vitro
      hybridization mediated by polyethylene glycol is increased when the hybridizing
      cells are histologically or developmentally related, so that B16 melanoma cells
      fuse more readily with one another than they do with unrelated cells such as UV
      2237 cells (I. Hart, unpublished observations). Moreover, early hybridization
      protocols did not call for the use of fusogens, but merely the cocultivation of
      participating cells in the two-dimensional constraints of a tissue culture dish
      (e.g., Barski et al. 1961, Silagi 1967). Presumably, the increased contact
      between cells within a growing tumor mass would increase the likelihood of such
      spontaneous fusion. In vivo hybridization could play a significant role in
      neoplastic progression and variation in metastatic efficiency by at least two
      separate, but not necessarily mutually exclusive, mechanisms. First, fusion of
      two contiguous tumor cells would increase the chromosome content of the resultant
      single cell; this increase in ploidy could facilitate and heighten the apparent
      inherent genetic instability of neoplastic cells (Nowell 1976). Although
      segregation and chromosome loss may or may not be random or preferential in
      nature (Campbell and Worton 1981), the mere occurrence of such a phenomenon could
      also cause chromosomal disjunction and the possible extinction and reexpression
      of specific genes, which would lead to the independent variation and progression
      of different tumor cell characteristics in the manner cited by Foulds
      (1969).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6382504
TI  - Metastatic cell attachment to and invasion of vascular endothelium and its
      underlying basal lamina using endothelial cell monolayers.
AB  - Cellular interactions during blood-borne transport of malignant cells, including
      the interactions of tumor cells with themselves, platelets, lymphocytes, blood
      components, and the vascular endothelium, can play important roles in metastasis
      formation. Since blood-borne metastasis often occurs to specific organ sites in
      vivo, recognition must occur between the circulating malignant cells and the
      vascular endothelium. We have used vascular endothelial cells and their
      underlying basal lamina-like matrix as targets for tumor cell interactions. Our
      findings indicate that highly metastatic tumor cells attach more rapidly and
      avidly to the endothelial basal lamina-like matrix than to the apical surfaces of
      the endothelial cells. Since the former contains cell adhesive molecules such as
      fibronectin and laminin, these molecules, as well as collagens and proteoglycans,
      may be collectively responsible for the higher rates of malignant cell binding to
      the basal lamina. Glycoproteins present on malignant cell surfaces are also
      important in these interactions, because inhibiting their biosynthesis with
      tunicamycin blocks blood-borne implantation and experimental metastasis formation
      and prevents malignant cell binding to endothelial cells or their basal lamina
      like matrix. Invasion of blood vessel walls requires that malignant cells
      penetrate the endothelial cell layer and underlying basal lamina. Metastatic
      cells appear to perform these activities using degradative enzymes such as
      proteases and glycosidases that solubilize the major basal lamina components:
      glycoproteins, collagens, and proteoglycans. We have examined the degradation of
      basal lamina proteoglycan side chain glycosaminoglycans using purified tissue
      glycosaminoglycans as substrates. B16 melanoma cells of high organ colonization
      capacities possess higher levels of endoglycosidase activity against heparan
      sulfate than B16 cells of lower organ colonization potentials. The highly
      malignant B16 cells were capable of cleaving the heparan sulfate molecules at
      specific intrachain glucuronoside sites, producing intermediate molecular weight
      products.

PMID- 6382505
TI  - Mammary tumor heterogeneity.

PMID- 6382506
TI  - Interactions between tumor cell subpopulations in malignant tumors.

PMID- 6382507
TI  - Heterogeneity in human colon cancer.

PMID- 6382508
TI  - The interdependence of laboratory and clinical research in the study of
      metastases.

PMID- 6382509
TI  - Host-mediated mechanisms in the elimination of circulating cancer cells.

PMID- 6382510
TI  - Role of natural killer cells in host defense against cancer metastasis.

PMID- 6382511
TI  - Conditioning of tissues for metastasis formation by radiation and cytotoxic
      drugs.

PMID- 6382512
TI  - On the immunogenicity of tumor cells and the pattern of metastasis.

PMID- 6382513
TI  - Anticoagulants and tumor growth: pharmacological considerations.

PMID- 6382515
TI  - Concepts for the treatment of tumor metastasis.

PMID- 6382514
TI  - Role of prostacyclin as a natural deterrent to hematogenous tumor metastasis.

PMID- 6382516
TI  - Chemotherapy for metastatic disease.

PMID- 6382517
TI  - The role of radiation therapy in the curative treatment of metastatic disease.

PMID- 6382518
TI  - The generation of tumoricidal activity in macrophages for the treatment of
      established metastases.

PMID- 6382519
TI  - Monoclonal antibody 791T/36 for tumor detection and therapy for metastases.

PMID- 6382520
TI  - Relevance of spontaneous in vivo tumor-host cell fusion to tumor progression and
      metastasis evaluated using a series of lectin-resistant mutant tumor sublines.

PMID- 6382521
TI  - The Ernst W. Bertner Memorial Award lecture: the evolution of biological
      heterogeneity in metastatic neoplasms.
AB  - The complexity of the processes of tumor progression and metastasis makes it
      difficult to provide generalized rules. Results and hypotheses that are based
      upon a single tumor system or a simple experimental technique are likely to be
      revised as more data become available. However, bearing these limitations in mind
      and ignoring the above warnings, I wish to conclude the following: By the time of
      diagnosis, many malignant neoplasms are heterogeneous, i.e., they contain
      subpopulations of cells with different biological characteristics. The process of
      metastasis involves a sequence of complex events whose outcome depends on tumor
      cell properties and host factors. The metastatic process selects variants from a
      heterogeneous starting population. The diversity for the metastatic phenotype may
      be a consequence of the multicellular origin of a neoplasm or it may be the
      result of continuous evolution and progression in tumors of unicellular origin.
      Metastatic clones appear, in general, to be less stable than nonmetastatic
      clones. Metastatic clones exhibit an increased rate of spontaneous mutation
      compared with nonmetastatic clones. Some metastases may be clonal in their
      origin, and multiple metastases can originate from different progenitor cells.
      Biological diversity can rapidly develop within individual metastases. The
      acquisition of phenotypic heterogeneity by populations of tumor cells imposes a
      degree of stability on the tumor as a whole. The generation of biological
      diversity in malignant neoplasms and within and among metastases has profound
      implications both for studies on the pathogenesis of cancer metastasis and for
      the design of any successful approach to the treatment of this disease.

PMID- 6382522
TI  - [The syndrome of recurrent apnea during sleep].

PMID- 6382523
TI  - [The speech of Dr. Lorenzo Sazie at the inauguration of the course in obstetrics
      (1835)].

PMID- 6382524
TI  - A search for the ideal society. The assimilation of immigrants into American
      life.
AB  - The influx of around thirty million European immigrants into the United States in
      the relatively short time of a little more than a hundred years (1815-1920's)
      created a great challenge for the American people in their efforts to build a
      strong society. The newly arrived immigrants had the challenge of assimilating
      into a new culture and the native Americans found the supremacy of the Anglo
      Saxon culture, upon which they hoped to build the ideal society, challenged by
      the various cultures of the immigrants. To see how both the native Americans and
      the immigrants faced this problem, three theories, the total assimilation theory,
      the melting pot theory, and the multi-cultural theory or cultural pluralism are
      investigated. My own reasons for thinking that the American society has not and
      will not become a melting pot and what I think is the best way for a
      heterogeneous society to strive to become an ideal society are presented in the
      conclusion.

PMID- 6382525
TI  - The protein A-gold technique. Use in the immunoelectron microscopic study of the
      teleost growth hormone.
AB  - By the application of the protein A-gold technique for immunocytochemistry of the
      tilapia pituitary growth hormone (GH), our electron micrographs revealed that the
      antigenicity of tilapia GH and the cytoplasmic structure were well preserved in
      the tissues fixed with periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde followed by osmium
      tetroxide postfixation. Using the specific antiserum against tilapia GH, the
      immunoreactive gold particles of 20-40 nm in size were located on secretory
      granules (200-300 nm in diameter) exclusively of one cell type in the proximal
      pars distalis identified as GH cells on the basis of their ultrastructural
      characteristics. This technique is considered to be fairly efficient for the
      detection of intracellular antigenic sites on ultrathin sections.

PMID- 6382526
TI  - White goddess--the unspeakable name. An inquiry into Robert Graves' King Jesus.
AB  - Robert Graves is a poet-mythographer, well-known in the U. K. and the U. S. A.,
      but not in Japan despite his huge amount of poetic, mythographical, prose and
      critical works. Furthermore, even in the U. S. A. and the U. K., some people have
      been shunning him politely as a versatile iconoclast possessed of the White
      Goddess. In fact, it is not difficult to imagine that when King Jesus, a life
      story of Christ, was published, people were shocked at his extraordinary
      mythographical Christology derived from his enthusiasm towards the White Goddess
      Cult. In Christ he discovered the fragments of maternal doctrine as a new concept
      in opposition to the Apollonian theory of Judaism, but they seemed to be quite
      incomplete in the author's eyes lacking in something most essential in life,
      recognition of love and hatred discipline. This paper is an inquiry into how the
      author developed his own hermaneutics of Christ through his wide and thorough
      scholarship on mythology, history, the Bible and Celtic poetry.

PMID- 6382527
TI  - Technique of radical cystectomy.

PMID- 6382528
TI  - Chemotherapy for advanced urothelial cancer.

PMID- 6382529
TI  - Bladder defense mechanisms against urinary tract infections.

PMID- 6382530
TI  - The urethral syndrome.

PMID- 6382531
TI  - [Social conditions and pathology].

PMID- 6382532
TI  - The through-way denture.

PMID- 6382533
TI  - [Heart lesions in rheumatoid arthritis patients during long-term observation and
      the effect of antirheumatic therapy on the pathologic process in the myocardium
      and pericardium].

PMID- 6382534
TI  - [Results of surgical treatment of rheumatic mitral-aortic-tricuspid lesions of
      the heart].

PMID- 6382535
TI  - [Diagnosis of cardiovascular disorders in rheumatoid arthritis patients].

PMID- 6382536
TI  - [Lesions of the valvular apparatus of the heart in rheumatoid arthritis and
      systemic lupus erythematosus (according to echocardiographic findings)].

PMID- 6382537
TI  - [Experience with the use of lymphocytoplasmapheresis in various rheumatic
      diseases].

PMID- 6382538
TI  - [Correlation between uricemia and uricosuria in diseases of the joints and normal
      subjects: daily and 3-day dynamics].

PMID- 6382539
TI  - [Experience with the use of hemosorbtion in the complex treatment of rheumatoid
      arthritis].

PMID- 6382540
TI  - [Controlled (double-blind) trial of isolated irradiation of the blood in
      rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 6382541
TI  - [Syndrome of humero-scapular pseudoperiarthrosis in spinal osteochondrosis].

PMID- 6382542
TI  - [Value of assessing the functional activity of monocytes in determining the
      activity of rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 6382543
TI  - [Catecholamine excretion in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 6382544
TI  - [Clinical significance of circulating immune complexes in systemic scleroderma].

PMID- 6382545
TI  - [Case of acute influenzal myocarditis with no clinical manifestations].

PMID- 6382546
TI  - [Device for measuring rotatory movements of different divisions of the spine].

PMID- 6382547
TI  - [Analgetic nephropathy].

PMID- 6382548
TI  - [Indices of central hemodynamics in congestive heart failure caused by heart
      valve lesions and its treatment with arteriolar and arteriovenous vasodilators].

PMID- 6382550
TI  - [Rheumatic lesions of the heart: problems in diagnosis and treatment].

PMID- 6382549
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of Reiter's disease of chlamydial and ureaplasmal
      etiology].

PMID- 6382551
TI  - [Return of rheumatic activity after discontinuation of therapy, or the rebound
      syndrome].

PMID- 6382552
TI  - Effect of altered lipid A synthesis on the synthesis of major proteins of the
      Salmonella typhimurium outer membrane.
AB  - The effect of altered lipid A synthesis on the synthesis of major outer membrane
      proteins was investigated in mutants of Salmonella typhimurium conditionally
      defective in the synthesis of 3-deoxy-D-mannooctulosonic acid (KDO). The defect
      is due to a mutation in the structural gene for KDO-8-phosphate synthetase
      (designated kdsA), and expression of this lesion results in the accumulation of a
      precursor of lipid A that not only lacks KDO but is also deficient in ester
      linked fatty acyl residues. During the initial 20-30 min following a shift of
      mutants to nonpermissive conditions, the rate of synthesis of the OmpA protein
      increased approximately 2.5-fold and then decreased. In contrast, the rates of
      synthesis of total cell-envelope proteins, as well as that of the porin proteins,
      were unaffected. The mechanism responsible for the initial increase in the rate
      of OmpA synthesis remains to be established. However, it appears that the
      subsequent decrease in the rate of OmpA synthesis may be related to a decrease in
      the stability of OmpA messenger RNA. The effect of nonpermissive conditions on
      the rate of OmpA synthesis was specifically related to expression of the kdsA
      lesion, and it was not found to be strain-specific or uniquely related to a
      single kdsA mutant allele.

PMID- 6382553
TI  - The enzymatic synthesis of lipid A: molecular structure and biologic function of
      monosaccharide precursors.
AB  - Certain Escherichia coli mutants, deficient in phosphatidylglycerol, accumulate
      novel, glucosamine-derived phospholipids that appear to be very early precursors
      of lipid A. The simplest of these, lipid X, is a derivative of glucosamine-1
      phosphate substituted with beta-hydroxymyristoyl moieties at positions 2 and 3.
      The discovery of lipid X makes it possible to predict a biosynthetic pathway and
      a unified structure for lipid A. In addition, the minimal molecular requirements
      for the mitogenic and endotoxic properties of lipopolysaccharides can be
      elucidated with compounds of this kind.

PMID- 6382554
TI  - Stimulation of spleen cells and macrophages of C3H/HeJ mice by a lipid A
      precursor derived from Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - Lipid A is that portion of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecule believed to
      mediate most of the biologic activities associated with protein-free endotoxic
      preparations. C3H/HeJ mice possess a mutation at the Lps gene locus (Lpsd) that
      results in a state of profound hyporesponsiveness to the biologic effects of LPS
      (and more specifically, lipid A) in vivo. The relative unresponsiveness in vivo
      to LPS exhibited by these mice is reflected at a cellular level, as evidenced by
      a failure of many different cell types derived from the C3H/HeJ strain to respond
      to LPS or lipid A in vitro; this lack of response contrasts with that of cell
      cultures prepared from endotoxin responsive (Lpsn) mouse strains. Evidence is
      presented which demonstrates that a lipid A precursor molecule, produced by a
      mutant of Salmonella typhimurium conditionally defective in the synthesis of 3
      deoxy-D-mannooctulosonic acid, stimulates mitogenesis in C3H/HeJ splenic cultures
      and induces cultures of C3H/HeJ macrophages to produce significant levels of the
      monokine interleukin-1 (IL-1; previously referred to as lymphocyte activating
      factor or LAF) and prostaglandins of the E series. These findings suggest the
      possibility that the failure of C3H/HeJ cells to respond to intact LPS or lipid A
      may be related to a defect in the processing of lipid A or LPS to a suitably
      stimulatory form, rather than to a defect in the recognition of the lipid A
      region.

PMID- 6382555
TI  - Lipid A and immunotherapy.
AB  - Endotoxin isolated from Re mutants of Salmonella typhimurium or Salmonella
      minnesota and consisting only of 3-deoxy-D-mannooctulosonic acid (KDO) and lipid
      A synergistically enhances the ability of mycobacterial cell wall skeleton (CWS)
      to regress transplantable, line-10 tumor (hepatocellular carcinoma) in syngeneic
      guinea pigs. Tumor regression is rapid, and systemic tumor immunity concomitantly
      develops when as little as 50 micrograms of each of these two components is
      combined and injected intralesionally. Selective removal of KDO from endotoxin
      yields diphosphoryl lipid A, which retains its toxic properties. Subsequent
      selective removal of the phosphate moiety at the reducing end of the diphosphoryl
      lipid A molecule yields nontoxic, monophosphoryl lipid A (determined by lethality
      for chick embryos). Like the parent endotoxin or toxic diphosphoryl lipid A,
      monophosphoryl lipid A retains the ability to synergistically enhance the
      antitumor activity of mycobacterial CWS adjuvant. Both di- and monophosphoryl
      lipid A contain mixtures of a series of structural analogs. They can be separated
      chromatographically into single components that differ in number, type, and
      position of ester-linked fatty acids. Comparison of chromatographic fractions
      reveals that components of toxic and nontoxic lipid A can be paired according to
      structure. Each component of the pair has the same molecular structure, with the
      exception of an additional phosphate group in the toxic component. The toxicity
      of "lipid A's" liberated from endotoxin by acid hydrolysis appears to be
      determined by the proportion of di- and monophosphoryl lipid A in the hydrolysis
      mixture. Structural analogs of monophosphoryl lipid A, which differ in degree of
      O-acylation and type and distribution of fatty acids, have comparable antitumor
      activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6382556
TI  - Classics in infectious diseases. Toxic products of Bacterium enteritidis and of
      related micro-organisms. By Sara Elizabeth Branham. Journal of Infectious
      Diseases 1925.
AB  - Filtrates of fluid cultures of Bact. enteritidis usually are toxic for rabbits
      and mice, but not guinea-pigs, when injected intravenously, but are apparently
      harmless when given by other routes. The time between the introduction of the
      poisonous fluids into the blood stream and symptoms of intoxication seems to bear
      no relation to the size of the dose, but is constantly about 40 to 45 minutes,
      whether the amount given be lethal or sublethal. The symptoms are restlessness,
      dyspnea, prostration, often diarrhea, and either death within 1 to 12 hours or
      slow recovery. The acute stage lasts about from 30 minutes to 1 hour. The most
      conspicuous finding at necropsy is marked general vasodilation, with edema of the
      lungs, and in many animals, both agglutination and platelet thrombi in the
      capillaries. The occurrence of toxicity in cultures is variable, but it may be
      found in any medium in which the organism grows. The poisons are thermostabile.
      Toxicity of broth and synthetic medium cultures appears after the number of
      living cells has reached its maximum and has begun to decrease. The toxic
      properties are demonstrable not only in filtrates of fluid cultures, but in
      autolysates, and with dead and living bacteria. Toxic materials, in dilutions in
      which no protein could be detected, stimulate the production of antibodies. The
      serum of rabbits immunized with them bestows definite protection on other rabbits
      when injected intravenously. Similar poisons are demonstrable with other members
      of the colon-typhoid group. The results appear to indicate that the poison
      demonstrated by these experiments is within the bacterial cells, is set free on
      cell disintegration, and probably is not a true soluble toxin.

PMID- 6382557
TI  - [Ophthalmoplegia plus. General bibliography].

PMID- 6382558
TI  - [Management of the combination of diabetes and pregnancy].

PMID- 6382559
TI  - [Characterization of rejection in orthoptic liver transplants in dogs. II.
      Hematologic and biochemical findings].

PMID- 6382560
TI  - [Myocardial electrode fixation by resecting costal cartilage in a patient with
      bilateral innominate vein occlusions. A case report].

PMID- 6382561
TI  - [Biology of the dental pulp and dentin: history of the histologic discoveries
      (I)].

PMID- 6382562
TI  - [Various observations on the etiology and treatment of median frenum pathology].

PMID- 6382563
TI  - [Bone regeneration and new formation of connective attachment: theory, technic
      and critical review of the literature].

PMID- 6382564
TI  - Distinguishing nurses "from other types of frauds".

PMID- 6382565
TI  - [IgG-type antihistone antibodies. Diagnostic value in rheumatoid polyarthritis,
      scleroderma, spontaneous and drug-induced lupus].
AB  - IgG anti-histone antibodies were detected by indirect immunofluorescence in 6 out
      of 70 sera from rheumatoid arthritis with antinuclear factors, in 1 out of 13
      from scleroderma, in 14 out of 25 from spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus
      (SLE) and in 11 out of 14 from drug induced lupus. Rheumatoid arthritis patients
      with IgG anti-histone antibodies were characterized by the severity of joint
      involvement and by the high frequency of extraarticular features of the disease.
      SLE patients with anti-histone antibodies only differed from patients without
      such antibodies by a higher frequency of Raynaud phenomenon (p less than 0.05).
      Longitudinal studies of spontaneous SLE showed that IgG anti-histone antibodies
      correlated with disease activity (p less than 0.001). A significant correlation
      was demonstrated between anti-histone IgGs and anti-ds-DNA antibodies assessed by
      the Farr binding assay (p less than 0.0001). IgG anti-histone antibodies were
      rarely found in sera from patients with drug induced antinuclear antibodies
      without symptoms of SLE (1 out of 6 sera). In drug induced lupus, IgG anti
      histone antibodies were found in the absence of high titers of anti-ds-DNA
      antibodies, and this discrepancy appeared to suggest the diagnosis of drug
      induced lupus. Finally, anti-histone antibodies were present in 5 out of 7 sera
      from acebutolol induced lupus.

PMID- 6382566
TI  - [Cytofluorometric study of the cell cycle and various lymphocyte differentiation
      membrane antigens in the synovial fluid in rheumatoid polyarthritis].
AB  - Synovial fluid lymphocytes were studied by cytofluorometry in 11 patients with
      classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis. This method allowed the study of the
      cellular cycle after acridine orange staining and of membrane antigens, expressed
      by normal and/or activated lymphocytes, which were demonstrated by using various
      monoclonal antibodies (OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, OKIa1, OKT10). The OKT4/OKT8 ratio was
      decreased in 4 out of 5 cases and the percentage of HLA DR + cells was clearly
      increased. In 6 out of the 11 patients, the percentage of dividing cells varied
      from 2.2 to 7.2 and was less than 1 in the others as in normal blood lymphocytes.
      Increase in cellular RNA content characterized the non dividing cells. The most
      elevated values of the cellular RNA content were observed in patients who had the
      smallest percentage of dividing cells, suggesting that the cellular cycle was
      stopped between the G1 and S phases. Study of the cellular cycle may reveal a
      lymphocyte activation parameter which could be unrelated to the expression of
      differentiation membrane antigens.

PMID- 6382567
TI  - Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the phagocytosis of Treponema
      denticola and Escherichia coli by human neutrophils in vitro.
AB  - In the present in vitro study, scanning and transmission electron microscopy
      demonstrated that human neutrophils are able to phagocytize Treponema denticola
      cells. Two major modes of particle engulfment were detected, both of which seemed
      unaffected by opsonization or atmosphere (aerobic or anaerobic). The occasional
      finding of rather intact treponemes as long as 2 h after onset of the
      phagocytosis experiment, suggested that digestion could be a relatively slow
      process. Expulsion of digested material from the phagolysosomes to the
      extracellular space seemed to occur via channel-like structures in the neutrophil
      cytoplasm.

PMID- 6382568
TI  - Bond between subsequently added light activated composite resin and hardened
      material.
AB  - Because of the limited depth of cure, subsequent layers frequently have to be
      cured separately in connection with large fillings of light activated composite
      resins. This method is successful only provided that the different layers adhere
      to each other. Rectangular rodlike specimens of four light activated composites,
      two macro- and two microfilled brands, were made in three pieces cured separately
      (test specimens). The transverse strength of these specimens was compared with
      that of specimens made in one piece (controls). The strength of both test and
      control specimens of the macrofilled brands was the same even when water
      contamination was included when preparing the test specimens. In connection with
      the microfilled brands there was an indication of lower strength, at least after
      water contamination.

PMID- 6382569
TI  - Immunocytochemical distribution of trypsinogen and pancreatic secretory trypsin
      inhibitor in normal and neoplastic tissues in man.
AB  - Immunoreactive trypsinogen and pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) were
      demonstrated in pancreas by means of an immunoperoxidase technique. They had the
      same distribution in acinar cells of 'normal' human exocrine pancreas tissues.
      Ductal adenocarcinoma tissue and pancreatic undifferentiated carcinoma contained
      neither antigen. Scattered 'normal'-looking cells in the border area between
      normal and neoplastic tissue of both types of tumor stained positively for
      trypsinogen and for PSTI.

PMID- 6382570
TI  - 5-Aminosalicylic acid enemas in patients with active ulcerative colitis.
      Influence of acidity on the kinetic pattern.
AB  - Enemas containing 1000 mg 5-ASA were administered to patients with active distal
      colitis in three separate studies: as a single dose in a neutral solution (pH
      7.4); as a single dose in a slightly acidic, buffered suspension (pH 4.8); and as
      multiple doses once a day for 10 days with the acidic enema. 5-ASA was relatively
      rapidly absorbed from the neutral solution, resulting in plasma concentrations of
      5-ASA sometimes two to three times higher than those found after peroral
      salazosulphapyridine (SASP) treatment. In contrast, absorption from the acidic
      enema was reduced and/or prolonged, giving plasma concentrations similar to those
      found during oral SASP treatment. After repeated doses of the acidic enema,
      plasma concentrations after an enema resembled those seen after the single dose.
      Urinary excretion was significantly lower, suggesting a reduced fraction of
      absorption at steady-state conditions. No side effects were observed, and no
      local irritation was reported. An acidic buffer suspension with 5-ASA seems to be
      safe for use as enema and deserves further clinical testing for treatment of
      distal ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 6382571
TI  - Gastrointestinal bleeding--upper gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - There has been growing confidence in the ability of therapeutic endoscopy to
      control bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract. This chapter attempts to
      review the recently published data on this topic, concentrating on sclerotherapy
      for variceal bleeding, laser photocoagulation and electrocoagulation for bleeding
      peptic ulcers, with particular emphasis on the results of published controlled
      trials which are essential for demonstration of clinical benefit.

PMID- 6382572
TI  - Recording of gastrointestinal electrical activity from surface electrodes.
AB  - The surface recording of electrical activities generated by the gastrointestinal
      tract is reviewed, with particular reference to surface recording of gastric
      electrical activity (electrogastrography or EGG). The available data on
      interdigestive and postprandial characteristics of the EGG signal in health and
      disease, including techniques of recording and signal analysis, are summarised.

PMID- 6382573
TI  - Potential pharmacological approaches to management of gut motility disorders.
AB  - Recent advances in gut neuropathology, electrophysiology, manometry, and
      quantification of luminal transit rates have improved our understanding of gut
      motility disorders and facilitated their early diagnosis. However, therapeutic
      progress has generally lagged behind, despite some very significant
      pharmacological developments. The main categories of gut motility disorders and
      their postulated pathogenetic mechanisms are described, and potential
      pharmacological approaches to their management are reviewed.

PMID- 6382574
TI  - Dopamine antagonists in the upper gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - Certain dopamine antagonists have gained increasing clinical use because of their
      effect on the motility of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Dopamine, while
      acting through specific dopaminergic receptors, inhibits lower oesophageal
      sphincter pressure (LOSP) and gastroduodenal motility. When given with dopamine,
      the specific dopamine antagonists metoclopramide and domperidone counteract these
      effects. When given alone, these agents elicit an increased LOSP and stimulate
      gastroduodenal motility and gastric emptying. They have consequently proved to be
      of value in certain cases of gastroparesis, and in relieving nausea and vomiting.
      They also appear to be useful in the management of reflux oesophagitis.

PMID- 6382575
TI  - Therapeutic possibilities in colonic motility disorders.
AB  - Colonic motility disorders can be treated by changing the diet, modifying the
      patient's daily behaviour, giving drugs to enhance or inhibit colonic
      contraction, or by performing surgery. Therapy in constipation mainly relies on
      the use of bulk-forming agents, in addition to a change in behaviour. Dietary
      fibre, particularly bran, appears to be effective in diverticular disease. Bowel
      atony is largely caused by increased sympathetic activity, and thus frequently
      responds to sympatholysis. In the irritable bowel syndrome, amelioration is
      achieved by taking bran and omitting badly tolerated food; antispasmodics and
      psychotherapy are also probably beneficial. Diarrhoea and incontinence may be
      treated by opioids, such as loperamide. Recent progress has been mainly in the
      understanding of the pathophysiology of these disorders, but rapid therapeutic
      advances are now taking place.

PMID- 6382576
TI  - Mechanisms of action of loperamide.
AB  - The pharmacology of loperamide is discussed, with particular reference to the
      drug's antidiarrhoeal properties. Its absorption, distribution, metabolism and
      excretion are considered and rapid concentration in the small intestine is
      described. The mechanism of action of loperamide on fluid and electrolyte
      transport is examined with reference to opiate agonism, calcium-channel blocking,
      calmodulin inhibition, and paracellular permeability. The colon appears to be the
      main site of action of loperamide on gut motility and transit. In the proximal
      colon, the drug accentuates segmenting motor activity. Work relating to the
      activity of loperamide on bacterial toxins and other secretory agents is
      outlined. Diarrhoea induced by prostaglandins can be prevented by pretreatment
      with the drug. Details are given of clinical applications of loperamide for
      diarrhoea control in children and adults. The drug has no significant side
      effects and presents no serious threat of abuse.

PMID- 6382577
TI  - Radionuclide measurement of normal and disturbed gastric motility.
AB  - Techniques for the measurement of gastric emptying using radionuclides are
      reviewed as a basis for a discussion of gastric emptying tests. A new technique
      for the noninvasive quantitative measurement of antral motility is described,
      whereby measurements of redistribution of gastric contents between fundus and
      antrum and actual gastric emptying are obtained simultaneously. These tests
      provide more relevant insight into the pathophysiology of gastric motility
      disturbances than that previously obtained by conventional gastric emptying
      studies.

PMID- 6382578
TI  - New developments in the evaluation of gastroduodenal motility with special
      reference to duodenogastric reflux and its clinical significance.
AB  - New techniques in the study of gut motility must aim to improve our understanding
      of the flow of luminal contents, since this is the ultimate function of such
      motility. This paper reviews some areas of gastroduodenal motility relevant to
      our understanding of duodenogastric reflux. Antroduodenal motility has been
      studied in the past both manometrically and radiologically, but the function of
      the pylorus remains in doubt. Observations made using a new impedance technique
      at endoscopy on the timing of pyloric closure during antroduodenal motor activity
      suggest that the pylorus, in addition to being a functional appendage of the
      terminal antrum, can contract independently and in association with isolated
      duodenal contractions to prevent reflux. Retroperistaltic duodenal contractions,
      however, may not close the pylorus in time to prevent reflux, and duodenal
      activity rather than the pylorus may be the key to duodenogastric reflux. Studies
      using invasive techniques have implicated reflux in the aetiology of some gastric
      ulcers and gallstone dyspepsia. Non-invasive studies on reflux with the HIDA
      radionuclide scan have confirmed that reflux is minimal in normal subjects, more
      common in gallstone dyspepsia, and related to gallbladder function.

PMID- 6382579
TI  - Role of motility in the upper digestive tract.
AB  - Oesophageal peristalsis is considered in relation to a central regulatory
      mechanism and circular smooth muscle contraction after cessation of a neural
      input. The roles of tonic pressure and transient inappropriate relaxation of the
      oesophageal sphincter in gastro- oesophageal reflux, and the return of refluxed
      material to the stomach by secondary peristalsis, are examined. Ingested food is
      accommodated through vagally mediated relaxation of the proximal stomach in
      response to swallowing. Gastric peristalsis contributes to the disintegration of
      solids and the regulation of their emptying from the stomach. In humans, vagotomy
      initially causes marked delay in gastric emptying, but gradual adaptation occurs
      and peristalsis improves. The movement of fluid across the pylorus is discussed.
      Duodenogastric reflux is evidently a normal event.

PMID- 6382580
TI  - Current techniques in the evaluation of motility disorders.
AB  - The understanding of motility disorders has been greatly improved since the
      introduction of reliable and non-invasive recording techniques. Motility can now
      be studied by measuring transit, motor activity, and electrophysiology in all
      regions of the gut. Barium studies, radiological screening, pH monitoring,
      cinematography, radio-telemetric recording, manometry, radionuclide scintigraphy,
      intubation, endoscopy, and gamma-camera scintiscanning are reviewed as are the
      uses of strain gauges, pressure inducers and non-absorbable carbohydrates.

PMID- 6382581
TI  - Studies on the role of dopamine and dopamine blockers in gastroduodenal motility.
AB  - In vitro studies on an intact gastroduodenal preparation of the guinea-pig
      indicated that dopamine inhibited motor activity via a direct action on the
      gastrointestinal wall. Dopamine-induced relaxations were prevented by dopamine
      antagonists, which also exerted intrinsic stimulatory effects and improved
      gastroduodenal coordination. These effects were confirmed in vivo on conscious
      dogs. The results cannot be explained by an interaction with alpha- receptors,
      since alpha-adrenergic blocking concentrations of prazosin were inactive against
      dopamine, and dopamine-blocking concentrations of domperidone did not interfere
      with noradrenaline-induced relaxations. Pharmacological evidence confirmed the
      presence of dopamine receptors in the stomach of conscious dogs. The presence of
      specific dopamine receptors in the gastrointestinal tract is strongly indicated,
      and an important role for endogenous dopamine as an inhibitory neuromodulator of
      gastroduodenal motility is suggested.

PMID- 6382582
TI  - Immunological monitoring of bone marrow transplant recipients. I. Major leucocyte
      subclasses in the blood.
AB  - In the recipients of an allogeneic HLA-identical sibling transplant the blood
      leucocytes were reconstituted within 3 to 4 weeks but the level of lymphocytes
      remained low throughout the observation period of 20 weeks. Of the different
      lymphoid cell subsets, the large granular lymphocytes (LGL) reconstituted
      fastest, followed by DR-expressing lymphocytes. The reconstitution was
      accompanied by a significant lymphoid blastogenesis in the blood. The frequency
      of OKT4 and OKT8 lymphocytes was initially low; the number of OKT8-positive
      lymphocytes reached normal levels by the 6-8th week whereas the number of OKT4
      positive lymphocytes and, consequently, the OKT4/8 ratio remained low. The
      responses to the T mitogens, phytohaemmagglutinin and concanavalin A, were
      strongly suppressed. Only a few significant changes were observed before and
      during acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD): the frequency of LGL, lymphoid
      blasts and OKT8-expressing lymphocytes was depressed before aGVHD and the
      frequency of lymphoid blasts remained depressed throughout the episode. We
      conclude that reproducible changes occur in the leucocyte subset frequencies
      during reconstitution, but the characteristic changes prior to and during aGVHD
      are not particularly prominent and hardly of diagnostic use.

PMID- 6382583
TI  - PHM 14: a novel monoclonal antibody that reacts with both normal and neoplastic
      human B cells but not B-CLL.
AB  - The reactivity of PHM 14, a monoclonal antibody to B cells produced in our
      laboratory was compared with Leu 10, a commercially produced antibody. Flow
      microfluorometric analysis showed that both PHM 14 and Leu 10 reacted with normal
      B cells, a variety of B cell lines and with B cell leukaemias and lymphomas,
      except in the case of B-CLL where PHM 14 reacted with a minority of cases,
      whereas Leu 10 reacted with a majority. PHM 14 and Leu 10 did not react with
      normal monocytes, granulocytes, T cells, T cell lines or with T cell leukaemias
      or lymphomas. Specificity of PHM 14 for B cells was further supported by the
      demonstration that PHM 14-positive blood cells, sorted from PHM 14-negative blood
      cells, reacted with polyclonal anti-immunoglobulins and with a panel of B cell
      markers but did not react with markers for T cells, monocytes, granulocytes or NK
      cells. Our results suggest that both PHM 14 and Leu 10 should be useful
      diagnostic reagents in the investigation of B cell-derived leukaemias and
      lymphomas.

PMID- 6382584
TI  - Captopril in hypertension after renal transplantation.
AB  - The experience with captopril is limited in patients who are hypertensive after
      renal transplantation. An increased risk of side effects has been expected
      because of immunosuppressive therapy and a reduced renal function. We have used
      captopril in 58 transplanted patients with hypertension. On previous
      antihypertensive treatment diastolic blood pressure could not be maintained below
      100 mm Hg. All patients were on immunosuppressive therapy using prednisolone in
      combination with azathioprine or cyclosporin. Before captopril treatment the mean
      s-creatinine concentration was 225 +/- 143 mumol/l. Fifty-four patients were
      treated for more than four weeks and 28 of them for six months or more. The mean
      daily dose of captopril was 90 mg. All patients also used furosemide and 2/3 were
      on a beta-blocker. Captopril was discontinued in nine cases within the first two
      months, in three because of an unsatisfactory effect on BP, in four because of
      side effects and in two after successful treatment of a renal artery stenosis of
      the transplant. The patients who were treated with captopril within the first
      year after transplantation responded better than patients where treatment was
      started more than one year after transplantation (p less than 0.05). Half of the
      patients given captopril early even showed a decrease of s-creatinine during
      treatment. Captopril in combination with a diuretic and a beta-blocker reduces
      blood pressure in patients with treatment resistant hypertension following renal
      transplantation. The risk for serious side effects is small provided that the
      captopril dose is low and white cell counts and s-creatinine levels are closely
      monitored.

PMID- 6382585
TI  - Renin secretion in advanced diabetic nephropathy.
AB  - Low basal and stimulated plasma renin activity (PRA) levels have been reported in
      patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). We have measured PRA before and after
      stimulation with captopril in 28 patients with DN and in 25 control patients.
      Renal function impairment was similar in both groups. Most patients were treated
      with furosemide. In 19 patients with DN the PRA-response to dihydralazine was
      also studied. PRA before and after captopril were higher in the DN than in the
      control group (p less than 0.001). PRA increased from 4.6 +/- 3.6 to 6.3 +/- 5.3
      in the DN, and from 1.8 +/- 2.7 to 2.7 +/- 3.4 in the control patients. The
      increases in PRA, caused by decreased angiotensin II feed-back inhibition, were
      comparable. PRA did not increase after dihydralazine despite a pronounced blood
      pressure reduction. The difference in response to these stimuli indicate
      selective lesions involving both the sympathetic innervation and the renal
      baroreceptor function in DN. Overhydration is a plausible explanation to the low
      PRA earlier reported in DN. The results thus indicate that a preserved renin
      secretion capacity is present in DN. Differences in PRA between the both groups
      can only partly be explained by other factors than DN. Our findings indicate a
      role for the reninangiotensin-system in hypertension in DN.

PMID- 6382586
TI  - Studies on urolithiasis in general practice.

PMID- 6382587
TI  - Hemophilic arthropathy--an immunologic study of the synovium.

PMID- 6382588
TI  - Local hemostatic agents (and techniques).

PMID- 6382589
TI  - Measurements of social support in schizophrenia.
AB  - A selective review of the literature reveals some methods and instruments that
      show promise for the investigation of social support as a factor in the course
      and treatment of schizophrenia. Approaches are divided into social-psychological
      questionnaires, anthropological network studies, ethnographies, and clinical
      epidemiological investigations. Social support measures designed for the general
      population probably have little relevance in schizophrenia. It appears that the
      most useful information comes from immersion in the experience of the patients,
      families, and caretakers rather than from an effort to develop a measure of
      social support in general that would be applicable to them.

PMID- 6382590
TI  - Intelligence in schizophrenia: meta-analysis of the research.
AB  - This article combines a review and meta-analysis of research on IQ in
      schizophrenia, with emphasis on areas of convergence in the findings, as well as
      questions that remain to be answered. Taken together, the findings suggest that
      early-onset and adult-onset schizophrenia are associated with intellectual
      deficits across the lifespan. Preschizophrenic children, adolescents, and young
      adults perform below matched controls on a variety of standardized measures of
      intelligence. Significant IQ deficits are also apparent after the onset of the
      disorder. Moreover, IQ is positively related to several indices of prognosis,
      and, among hospitalized patients, there is negative within-subject covariance
      between intellectual performance and symptom severity. Although there is fairly
      consistent evidence that Verbal IQ is higher than Performance IQ among
      schizophrenic patients, a more specific pattern of subtest performance is not
      apparent. A central question raised by the results is whether IQ is an
      independently determined factor that can serve to mitigate the vulnerability of
      individuals who are constitutionally predisposed to schizophrenia, or whether
      intellectual deficit is one manifestation of the constitutional predisposition to
      the disorder. The findings also raise the question of possible sex differences in
      the developmental determinants of schizophrenia: Meta-analyses revealed that
      premorbid IQ deficits are more prevalent among males than females.

PMID- 6382591
TI  - Sampling of high concentrations of airborne fungi.
AB  - The paper discusses a method developed for determining airborne fungi particles
      in environments highly contaminated with mold fungi. The collection of airborne
      fungi was performed with two slit samplers. These sampling devices were found to
      give the highest values out of the three different types tested simultaneously.
      After spores had been collected with the slit samplers, the collection medium, an
      agar gel, was removed from the petri dishes and homogenized in a sterile 0.9%
      sodium chloride solution. The homogenate was diluted stepwise and spread on agar
      plates prior to the cultivation and the determination of viable counts. When the
      homogenization procedure was tested on samples collected from three different
      work environments, no increase or decrease in the number of colony-forming units
      could be detected. Storage of the homogenate at 2 degrees C over 9 d did not
      increase the number of viable fungal colonies.

PMID- 6382592
TI  - Airborne molds and actinomycetes in the work environment of farmer's lung
      patients in Finland.
AB  - Occurrence of molds and actinomycetes in the breathing zone of farmers during the
      handling of hay, straw, or grain was studied with the use of an Andersen sampler
      on 35 farms in Finland. On 24 farms there was a person with recently diagnosed
      farmer's lung disease, and on 11 farms people were free of the disease. The total
      spore concentration and the concentrations of the spores of Thermoactinomyces (T)
      vulgaris, Micropolyspora (M) faeni, and Aspergillus (A) umbrosus were
      statistically significantly higher on the farms of patients with farmer's lung
      than on the disease-free farms. The mean proportions of the spores of
      thermotolerant and thermophilic microbes were greater on the farms of farmer's
      lung patients than on the reference farms. T vulgaris was the predominant
      actinomycete species. Both T vulgaris and A umbrosus were found on all farms of
      farmer's lung patients, but M faeni on only about half of such farms. The
      findings match the results of previous microbiological analyses of Finnish moldy
      hay and serological analyses of Finnish farmer's lung patients. It seems that T
      vulgaris, not M faeni, may be the main causative agent of farmer's lung in
      Finland. The possible etiologic role of A umbrosus requires further
      investigation. Because the farmers often failed to identify the moldiness of the
      plant material in contrast to researchers, it might be possible, through
      training, to improve farmers' ability to identify moldiness.

PMID- 6382593
TI  - Chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes of nurses handling cytostatic agents.
AB  - In an evaluation of the possible chromosome damage caused by cytostatic agents 11
      nurses with long-term exposure to such agents were studied. Five laboratory
      workers and 11 hospital clerks served as referents. The number of chromosomally
      aberrant lymphocytes was significantly higher in the group of nurses than in the
      group of laboratory workers or hospital clerks. The number of chromosome-type
      breaks was increased significantly among the nurses as compared to the reference
      groups. There was no significant difference in the number of chromatid-type
      breaks between the groups. The observed increase in chromosome-type aberrations
      may have been due to long-term occupational exposure to cytostatic agents.

PMID- 6382594
TI  - [History of the discovery of the Lasegue phenomenon and its variants].
AB  - Ernest Charles Lasegue (1816-1883) discovered, but did not describe himself, the
      straight-leg-raising sign. This sign was described by one of this disciples, J.
      J. Forst, in a doctoral thesis in Paris in 1881. Almost at the same time, L.K.
      Lazarevic in Belgrade dealt with the same subject. The crossed-sciatic phenomenon
      was described for the first time by a Polish neurologist, J. Fajersztajn. In the
      same publication he mentioned the possibility of the activation of sciatica as a
      result of dorsiflexion of the foot. Independently of Fajersztajn, the Genevan
      specialist for internal medicine, Maurice Roch, observed the same phenomenon and
      called it "Lasegue du pied". The eponym "Bragard sign" for this manoeuvre is not
      correct.

PMID- 6382595
TI  - [The Behcet syndrome. Report on 12 cases and overview of the literature].
AB  - Based on a description of the disease in 12 patients (six German, five Turkish
      and one Yugoslav) the symptoms and diagnostic criteria of Behcet's syndrome are
      explained. Regional differences in sex distribution, differences in the
      symptomatology of female and male patients, severe vascular complications, and
      lymphoproliferative disorders in the advanced stages receive particular mention.
      In the absence of specific laboratory findings, diagnosis and assessment of
      disease activity depend primarily on clinical criteria. The present conception of
      the etiology yields several therapeutic regimens, though their efficacy is
      difficult to evaluate due to spontaneous remissions and exacerbations.

PMID- 6382596
TI  - [Clinical results after 6 years' wearing of endosseous titanium plasma-coated
      double-hollow cylinder implants].

PMID- 6382597
TI  - [Affinity of plaque for various materials].

PMID- 6382600
TI  - Development and regeneration of mammalian muscle spindles.

PMID- 6382598
TI  - [Long-term follow-up of patients wearing lower partial dentures (Kennedy
      Applegate class I) (2)].

PMID- 6382599
TI  - [Cardiovascular study of the horse: correlations between vascular and myocardial
      tissue changes. 1].

PMID- 6382601
TI  - Turnover of photoreceptor membranes in arthropods.

PMID- 6382602
TI  - [Digital analysis of ultrasound M images for determining the dynamic behavior of
      the posterior ocular wall].
AB  - A computer-assisted interactive method for M-scan analysis is presented. The
      digital M-scan, which is taken from the posterior wall of the human eye - in vivo
      - , is a sequence of digitised, broadband r.f.-time amplitude echograms (center
      frequency: 15 MHz). The effect of pulsation in the normal posterior wall of the
      eye and the dynamic changes and tissue movements after stress conditions can be
      pointed out and estimated quantitatively. A detected set of dynamic features can
      be used for an exact determination of the layers of the posterior ocular wall.
      For the indication of the dependence between changes of the thickness of the
      layers and the heart rate, the finger pulse is digitised and stored synchronously
      to the echograms. Good correlation will be expected for the movements in the
      choroid of the eye and the heart rate. The registration of the dynamics is
      performed in the color-coded M-scan by an adapted image processing software.
      Results of the M-scan analysis are presented as examples of the normal posterior
      wall.

PMID- 6382603
TI  - The growth of single crystals of (L-arginine)B0 bovine insulin and their
      preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis.
AB  - The crystals of (L-Arg)B0 bovine insulin large enough for X-ray structure
      analysis have been grown by vapour diffusion in a buffer containing citrate,
      acetone and zinc chloride. The X-ray diffraction of the crystals extends to 3.0 A
      spacing. The crystals belong to the trigonal system with unit cell dimension of a
      = b = 81.82 A, c = 35.05 A, alpha = beta = 90 degrees, gamma = 120 degrees, space
      group R3. There are two insulin molecules in the crystallographic asymmetric
      unit.

PMID- 6382604
TI  - Evolutionary relatedness of Plasmodium species as determined by the structure of
      DNA.
AB  - Malaria parasites can be grouped evolutionarily by analysis of DNA composition
      and genome arrangement. Those that vary widely with regard to host range,
      morphology, and biological characteristics fit into only a small number of
      distinctive groups. The DNA of the human parasite Plasmodium falciparum fits into
      a group that includes rodent and avian malarias and is unlike the DNA of other
      primate malaria parasites. The DNA of Plasmodium vivax, which is also a human
      parasite, fits into a distinctly different group that includes Plasmodium
      cynomolgi, a parasite of monkeys. The evolutionary lines suggested here appear to
      be consistent with similarities seen among malaria parasites with regard to gene
      sequence.

PMID- 6382605
TI  - Animal-to-man transmission of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella: investigations
      of U.S. outbreaks, 1971-1983.
AB  - The importance and origin of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella infections were
      examined in 52 outbreaks investigated by the Centers for Disease Control between
      1971 and 1983. The case fatality rate was higher for patients infected with
      antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella (4.2 percent) than for those with
      antimicrobial-sensitive infections (0.2 percent). In the 38 outbreaks with
      identified sources, food animals were the source of 11 (69 percent) of 16
      resistant and 6 (46 percent) of 13 sensitive outbreak strains.

PMID- 6382606
TI  - Growth self-incitement in murine melanoma B16: a phenomenological model.
AB  - The growing murine melanoma B16 secretes increasing quantities of a substance or
      substances immunologically cross-reactive with insulin. The elevated
      concentrations of these substances in blood are accompanied by a decrease in
      blood glucose concentration and release of growth hormone, which is followed by
      increased tumor growth. By use of a phenomenological model based on these data,
      we show that B16 incites its own growth by positive feedback.

PMID- 6382607
TI  - Heparin binds endothelial cell growth factor, the principal endothelial cell
      mitogen in bovine brain.
AB  - Endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF), an anionic polypeptide mitogen, binds to
      immobilized heparin. The interaction between the acidic polypeptide and the
      anionic carbohydrate suggests a mechanism that is independent of ion exchange.
      Monoclonal antibodies to purified bovine ECGF inhibited the biological activity
      of ECGF in crude preparations of bovine brain. These data indicate that ECGF is
      the principal mitogen for endothelial cells from bovine brain, that heparin
      affinity chromatography may be used to purify and concentrate ECGF, and that the
      affinity of ECGF for heparin may have structural and perhaps biological
      significance.

PMID- 6382608
TI  - Mating and pregnancy can occur in genetically hypogonadal mice with preoptic area
      brain grafts.
AB  - Adult female hypogonadal mice, in whom hypogonadism is secondary to a genetic
      deficiency in hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), are infertile.
      Mating, pregnancy, and delivery of healthy litters were achieved after
      transplantation of normal fetal preoptic area tissue, a major site of GnRH
      containing cell bodies, into the third ventricle of adult female hypogonadal
      mice. Immunocytochemistry revealed GnRH-containing neurons in the grafts and GnRH
      containing processes extending to the lateral median eminence of the host brains.

PMID- 6382609
TI  - Prolonged survival and remyelination after hematopoietic cell transplantation in
      the twitcher mouse.
AB  - The twitcher mouse is an animal model of galactosylceramidase deficiency
      (Krabbe's disease), a human sphingolipidosis. The effects of hematopoietic cell
      transplantation as potential enzyme replacement therapy were examined in the
      twitcher mouse. Survival in twitcher mice with transplants was significantly
      prolonged and was associated with gradual repair of demyelination in peripheral
      nerves. In contrast, there was no improvement in the neurodegenerative process in
      the central nervous system after transplantation. These observations indicate
      that cellular transplantation may effectively provide in vivo enzyme replacement
      for the peripheral manifestations of genetic storage diseases. Strategies to
      perturb the blood-brain barrier may be necessary for enzyme replacement to be
      therapeutic in diseases with central nervous system manifestations.

PMID- 6382610
TI  - Cell biology of synaptic plasticity.
AB  - The nervous system of mammals retains throughout the animals' life-span the
      ability to modify the number, nature, and level of activity of its synapses.
      Synaptic plasticity is most evident after injury to the nervous system, and the
      cellular and molecular mechanisms that make it possible are beginning to be
      understood. Transplantation of brain tissue provides a powerful approach for
      studying mechanisms of synaptic plasticity. In turn, understanding the response
      of the central nervous system to injury can be used to optimize transplant
      survival and integration with the host brain.

PMID- 6382611
TI  - Acetylcholine receptor: an allosteric protein.
AB  - The nicotine receptor for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine is an allosteric
      protein composed of four different subunits assembled in a transmembrane pentamer
      alpha 2 beta gamma delta. The protein carries two acetylcholine sites at the
      level of the alpha subunits and contains the ion channel. The complete sequence
      of the four subunits is known. The membrane-bound protein undergoes
      conformational transitions that regulate the opening of the ion channel and are
      affected by various categories of pharmacologically active ligands.

PMID- 6382612
TI  - Who will pay for medical education in our teaching hospitals?
AB  - Although most medical educators believe that education, research, and patient
      care are inseparable and essential to their academic mission, the educational
      component of this triad has never been given adequate, earmarked support. To fund
      educational programs, medical centers first relied on research grants and later
      on third-party payments intended for patient care. However, research money has
      long since ceased to be available for other purposes and recent federal cost
      containment measures have started to reduce payments for patient care. Teaching
      hospitals are threatened with loss of support not only for education, but for
      their capital improvements and care of the poor. Many institutions are now hoping
      to generate new income through business deals with for-profit health care
      corporations, but this effort probably will also fail and may compromise
      professional traditions. Teaching hospitals serve the public interest and will
      have to depend, at least in part, on public subsidy of their unavoidable extra
      costs.

PMID- 6382613
TI  - Reversal of knob formation on Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes.
AB  - The human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum can produce surface protrusions
      (knobs) on infected erythrocytes; however, long-term culturing of the parasite
      results in the appearance of knobless cells. In this study it was found that a
      knob-producing clone lost the ability to produce knobs in vitro. Furthermore, a
      clone not producing knobs derived from the knob-producing clone regained the
      capacity to produce knobby cells in vitro. Certain parasite proteins were
      associated with the knobby phenotype but not with the knobless type. These
      results indicate that the parasites change in vitro in a spontaneous and
      reversible manner independent of immunological selection.

PMID- 6382614
TI  - The purpuric disorders.

PMID- 6382615
TI  - Cardiac and vascular imaging with labeled platelets and leukocytes.
AB  - The contribution of platelets in atherosclerosis and thrombosis in animal models
      and in clinical studies has been quantified with 111In-platelet scintigraphy. New
      in vitro quantitative techniques have been developed using 111In-labeled
      platelets to determine the number of adherent platelets on deendothelialized
      surfaces of damaged vessel walls and synthetic vascular grafts. In vivo imaging
      techniques are semi-quantitative in nature; in these studies 111In radioactivity
      on thrombotic vessels or graft surfaces of iliac, femoral, or popliteal arteries
      is compared with contralateral vessels. Background 111In radioactivity in the
      circulating blood pool of venous and capillary networks and radioactivity in
      marrow decreases the sensitivity of these techniques. Despite these limitations,
      the dynamic process of platelet deposition in most of the denuded,
      atherosclerotic vessels and prostheses in the circulatory system can be recorded.
      This ongoing thrombosis and embolization has been observed in 5-10-year-old
      vascular grafts of Teflon and Dacron biomaterials. Currently used platelet
      function inhibitor drugs, eg, aspirin, Persantine, sulfinpyrazone, and Motrin,
      have a demonstrable effect on platelet deposition. Slight changes in reduction of
      platelet deposition on these surfaces due to medical intervention have been
      observed by noninvasive imaging with 111In-platelets. Subtraction of blood pool
      radioactivity with 99mTc-labeled autologous red cells and calculation of 111In
      radioactivity associated with platelet thrombus on vessel walls also have been
      performed for coronary, carotid, and femoral arteries. Although platelet
      concentrates are used frequently after open heart surgery (one to six per
      patient), consumption of platelets in the artificial lung or oxygenator, lysis of
      platelets during pumping, and suction of blood only recently have been quantified
      with the use of 111In-labeled platelets. These studies also demonstrated far less
      trauma to platelets with the use of a membrane rather than a bubble oxygenator.
      Further reduction in platelet consumption and trauma was observed with the use of
      prostacyclin, a short-acting drug with significant beneficial effect on platelet
      thrombus reduction and disaggregation of aggregated platelets. The role of
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes in inflammation, infection and myocardial
      infarction, and in vivo evaluation with 111In-leukocyte scintigraphy in animals
      and humans has been described.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6382616
TI  - Imaging of venous thromboemboli with labeled platelets.
AB  - Prevention and optimal treatment of venous thromboembolism requires techniques
      that can: (1) monitor patients at high risk; (2) promptly detect thromboemboli;
      (3) follow the course of patients during treatment. Multiple techniques have been
      introduced to assist in these tasks. Some have not been well validated. Others,
      while established as of substantial value, have limitations with respect to
      specificity, sensitivity, patient access, patient acceptability, or risk. The
      dynamic nature of venous thromboembolism makes it unlikely that any one procedure
      will satisfy all diagnostic needs. Platelets labeled with 111In (111In-P) have
      promise as a useful addition to the existing diagnostic armamentarium. Because
      111In-P are incorporated into forming and growing thromboemboli, and can provide
      a gamma camera image, they offer certain potential advantages versus other
      techniques. However, to establish the clinical value and proper use of the 111In
      P technique, additional investigations are needed to determine the impact of
      thrombus location, age, anticoagulant therapy, and imaging technique and timing
      upon in vivo visualization of thromboemboli.

PMID- 6382617
TI  - Clinical utility of labeled cells for detection of allograft rejection and
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - The choice of a specific radiolabeled blood component for use in detection of
      allograft rejection depends on several factors including the immunosuppressive
      agents used, the type of organ allografted, and particularly the length of time
      the allograft resides in the host and the duration of rejection. To date, only
      the use of 111In-labeled platelets in renal allograft recipients immunosuppressed
      with azathioprine and corticosteroids has shown clinical promise in the detection
      of early allograft rejection. Radiolabeled blood components are unlikely to play
      a significant role in detection of myocardial infarction. The use of these agents
      for monitoring therapeutic interventions or as indicators of prognosis in
      patients with myocardial infarction continues to be investigated.

PMID- 6382618
TI  - [Changes in the number of revolutions and cutting or grinding loads when several
      types of rotary instruments and test objects are used].

PMID- 6382619
TI  - [The relation between the impression method of the mucosal area and the pressure
      bearing ability of the denture].

PMID- 6382620
TI  - [Experimental studies on the influences of occlusal factors on the horizontal
      movement of lower mucosal-borne denture].

PMID- 6382621
TI  - Some personal observations on health policy in Iran, 1973-1978.

PMID- 6382622
TI  - Hypothesis of leprosy, tuberculosis and urbanization in Africa.
AB  - Leprosy today is a problem of global magnitude affecting possibly up to 15
      million people. Its rise and fall in medieval Europe is an historically
      fascinating enigma. Partial cross-immunization by epidemic tuberculosis,
      reinforced by the growth of cities, has been proposed as a mechanism in leprosy's
      European disappearance, but evidence is lacking. In the case of Africa in recent
      decades, analysis of leprosy and tuberculosis rates, and of levels of
      urbanization, albeit with imperfect data, suggests a possible environmental
      health for leprosy, the existence of some cross-interference between tuberculosis
      and the milder, paucibacillary form of leprosy, and a negative correlation
      between leprosy and urbanization. It is argued that the rise of the city in
      Africa, acting through a combination of influences, including tuberculosis, is
      leading to a decline of leprosy.

PMID- 6382623
TI  - Unemployment and suicidal behaviour: a review of the literature.
AB  - In order to provide a framework for reviewing the voluminous literature on
      unemployment and suicidal behaviour, the author distinguishes between two
      categories of deliberately self-harmful act: those with fatal outcome (suicide)
      and those with non-fatal outcome (parasuicide); and differentiates four major
      types of quantitative research report: individual--cross-sectional; aggregate-
      cross-sectional; individual--longitudinal; and aggregate--longitudinal.
      Methodological issues and empirical research findings are discussed separately
      for each type of study and each category of deliberate self-harm. Cross-sectional
      individual studies reveal that significantly more parasuicides and suicides are
      unemployed than would be expected among general population samples. Likewise,
      parasuicide and suicide rates among the unemployed are always considerably higher
      than among the employed. Aggregate--cross-sectional studies provide no evidence
      of a consistent relationship between unemployment and completed suicide, but a
      significant geographical association between unemployment and parasuicide was
      found. Results from all but one of the individual longitudinal studies point to
      significantly more unemployment, job instability and occupational problems among
      suicides compared to non-suicides. The aggregate longitudinal analyses reveal a
      significant positive association between unemployment and suicide in the United
      States of America and some European countries. The negative relationship in Great
      Britain during the 1960s and early 1970s has been shown to result from a unique
      decline in suicide rates due to the unavailability of the most common method of
      suicide. However, despite the firm evidence of an association between
      unemployment and suicidal behaviour, the nature of this association remains
      highly problematic. On the basis of the available date, the author suggests that
      macro-economic conditions, although not directly influencing the suicide rate,
      may nevertheless constitute an important antecedent variable in the causal chain
      leading to self-harmful behaviour. Further empirical research based on a
      longitudinal design is recommended as a matter of urgency so that a more
      definitive assessment of the aetiological significance of unemployment in
      parasuicide may be made.

PMID- 6382624
TI  - [Round table: care of adult diabetics].

PMID- 6382625
TI  - [Information base for the research disciplines in medicine].

PMID- 6382626
TI  - [Comprehensive approach to the study of historical medical sources in the Soviet
      period].

PMID- 6382627
TI  - [The Moscow Foundling Home and its role in the history of public health in
      Russia].

PMID- 6382628
TI  - [Medical studies of S. G. Gmelin's expedition in the Astrakhan region and to the
      shores of the Caspian Sea].

PMID- 6382629
TI  - [Biography of the brothers A. M. and P. M. Shumlianskii].

PMID- 6382630
TI  - [The Scythian physician Toksaris].

PMID- 6382631
TI  - [T. F. Uspenskii and his work "A Medical Topographic Description of Ekaterinburg
      Mining Region and the City" (on the 150th anniversary of the work and the 180th
      anniversary of his birth)].

PMID- 6382632
TI  - [The 1st rules for summoning medical first aid in Odessa].

PMID- 6382633
TI  - Three-dimensional analysis of right thoracic idiopathic scoliosis.
AB  - Three-dimensional spinal analysis was performed on thirty-one female patients
      with untreated right thoracic idiopathic scoliosis to determine the relationship
      between the degree of scoliosis and the degree of kyphosis, maximal curvature,
      and apical vertebral displacement. The degree of scoliosis did not correlate with
      the degree of thoracic kyphosis. Six patients had thoracic kyphosis over 50
      degrees, 19 patients had a kyphosis between 20-50 degrees, and the last six
      patients had a thoracic kyphosis less than 20 degrees. The apex of the scoliosis
      was at or below the apex of the thoracic kyphosis in all patients except one. The
      degree of displacement of the apical vertebrae had a positive correlation (r =
      0.732) with the degree of scoliosis. The maximal curvature of the spine was
      correlated (r = 0.613) with the degree of scoliosis.

PMID- 6382634
TI  - Multicenter trial of a noninvasive stimulation method for idiopathic scoliosis. A
      summary of early treatment results.
AB  - Lateral electrical surface stimulation (LESS) for the treatment of idiopathic
      scoliosis has been applied to 548 patients by 54 principal investigators in North
      America and Western Europe. The purpose of the multicenter investigation was to
      determine whether this noninvasive stimulation technique alone is a viable
      alternative to bracing in routine clinical use. Only patients with rapidly
      progressing scoliosis and at least one year of growth remaining were included in
      the study. When stimulation was applied, a pretreatment curvature progression
      rate of 1 degree/month reversed to a reduction rate of 0.5 degrees/month over the
      initial 6 months of treatment. The longest follow-up in treatment was 51 months,
      and the mean time in treatment was 12 months. At the time of this analysis, 72%
      of the patients had either reduced or stabilized their scoliosis. Thirteen
      percent (13%) of the patients had experienced temporary progression with
      subsequent stabilization and treatment continuation. Progression resulted in
      termination of 15% of the patients from the program. The final treatment result
      at skeletal maturity was maintained posttreatment.

PMID- 6382635
TI  - [Perspectives in biomedical information in Mexico].

PMID- 6382637
TI  - [Basic principles of reconstructive and reparative surgery].

PMID- 6382636
TI  - Human muscle cell surface antigen 16.3A5 is encoded by a gene on chromosome 11.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody (McAb), 16.3A5, has been characterized that reacts with a
      cell surface antigen of human muscle cells and a variety of nonmuscle cells. The
      gene controlling synthesis of 16.3A5 antigen has been assigned to human
      chromosome 11 by assessing McAb reactivity on a panel of mouse-human cell
      hybrids. The 16.3A5 has a novel specificity distinct from other chromosome 11
      encoded antigens such as W6/34, F10.44.2, TRA1.10, and 4D12 antigens.

PMID- 6382638
TI  - [Inflammatory lesions of the synovial membrane].

PMID- 6382639
TI  - Effects on cardiac rhythm of premedication with atropine or glycopyrrolate.
AB  - The effect of the premedicants atropine and glycopyrrolate on the cardiac
      dysrhythmic response to instrumentation and intubation was investigated. No
      significant increase in cardiac dysrhythmias such as bradycardia, atrial and
      ventricular extrasystoles was found (P greater than 0,01), but a significant
      increase in tachycardia occurred during induction (P less than 0,05) and
      intubation (P less than 0,01).

PMID- 6382640
TI  - Short-course chemotherapy for silicotuberculosis.
AB  - The use of short-course chemotherapy in silicotuberculosis in the goldmining
      industry in South Africa is described in a comparative trial of 94 cases of
      silicotuberculosis and two matched-pair control groups with pulmonary
      tuberculosis only. The theoretical and practical considerations of short-course
      chemotherapy are discussed. It is concluded that this is an effective means of
      treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with silicosis as well as in
      patients with pulmonary tuberculosis only, irrespective of previous exposure to
      silica dust. There are no valid reasons why the basic tenets of short-course
      chemotherapy for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis should not apply in
      silicotuberculosis.

PMID- 6382641
TI  - [Follow-up of periodontal work after 6 years].

PMID- 6382642
TI  - [Effect of Prophy-Jet on stain removal].

PMID- 6382643
TI  - [Miscellaneous records of medico-dental and pharmacological history. 51.
      Illustrated book of surgical training edited by Mitsuaki Irako].

PMID- 6382645
TI  - [Application of cast glass-ceramics for dental restorations].

PMID- 6382644
TI  - [Effect of dead space in the root canal on the surrounding tissue].

PMID- 6382646
TI  - [Psychosomatic approach to the understanding of dental diseases].

PMID- 6382647
TI  - [Miscellaneous records of medico-dental and pharmacological history. 52.
      Illustrated book of surgical training edited by Mitsuaki Irako].

PMID- 6382648
TI  - [How to assess a bone-marrow oligoblastosis in apparently normal subjects or
      those without a definite proliferative hemopathy].

PMID- 6382650
TI  - [Myeloid hemopoiesis in the midst of an extra-hematopoietic cellular micro
      environment. A basis permitting cell differentiation and a selective separating
      barrier].

PMID- 6382649
TI  - [Testicular infiltration in acute lymphoblastic leukemia].

PMID- 6382651
TI  - Wound management and medical organization in the Civil War.
AB  - The American Civil War marked the last time more soldiers died from disease than
      from enemy bullets and the beginning of medical science's movement beyond
      folklore and superstition. The wound management techniques described that were
      practiced just a little more than a century ago provide a dramatic and sharp
      counterpoint to current wound management procedures.

PMID- 6382652
TI  - Closure of contaminated wounds. Biologic and technical considerations.
AB  - The current knowledge in the field of wound bacteriology and host resistance to
      wound infection is summarized. This knowledge provides specific measures to
      increase the success rate of primary wound healing in contaminated wounds that
      must be closed.

PMID- 6382653
TI  - The compromised bed technique. An improved method for skin grafting problem
      wounds.
AB  - An improved method for skin grafting wounds that are compromised by bacterial
      contamination or other risk factors for graft loss is described. This method
      involves the use of partially expanded, perforated skin grafts that allow
      delivery of topical antimicrobial chemotherapy and provide wound bed drainage.

PMID- 6382654
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of gangrenous genitalia.
AB  - Genital gangrene most commonly results from periurethral infections that spread
      along the superficial fascial layers and produce overlying necrosis and gangrene.
      Gangrene is rapidly spreading and requires emergent, aggressive treatment to
      reduce morbidity and mortality.

PMID- 6382655
TI  - Biology of wound healing.
AB  - A clear understanding of wound healing is vital to a rational surgical approach.
      This article describes the major biologic processes of tissue repair and the
      factors influencing the healing processes, and it discusses specific wound
      healing problems and recommends management regimens.

PMID- 6382656
TI  - Management of injuries of the distal phalanx.
AB  - A series of 90 injured fingertips is presented with a practical approach to the
      treatment of these injuries, along with a discussion of their complications.

PMID- 6382657
TI  - Persistent perineal sinus.
AB  - Perineal sinus, the most common late complication following proctectomy, is of
      major morbidity to the patient; the wound can be incapacitating to the patient
      and refractory to ordinary treatment. Various surgical procedures are detailed.

PMID- 6382658
TI  - Chemotherapy and wound healing.
AB  - This paper provides a review of common chemotherapeutic agents and the
      experimental evidence supporting their effects on wound healing. Correlation with
      clinical studies is used to establish relevance, and therapeutic guidelines are
      developed.

PMID- 6382659
TI  - Management of radiation wounds.
AB  - Radiation wounds caused by newer high-voltage radiotherapy techniques are very
      difficult to manage. Recent developments in flap design and transfer aid the
      surgeon in successfully treating these difficult problems.

PMID- 6382660
TI  - Management of abdominal wounds.
AB  - The three phases of wound healing are discussed, along with placement of
      incisions, choice of suture, and suture techniques. Good suture technique and the
      proper use of suture material can improve the current percentages of patients who
      experience abdominal wound dehiscence and incisional hernias.

PMID- 6382662
TI  - Yu. Yu. Voronoy and the first human kidney allograft.

PMID- 6382661
TI  - Pancreaticoduodenal transplantation in humans.
AB  - Whole cadaveric pancreata were transplanted to the pelvic extraperitoneal
      location in four patients with diabetes who previously had undergone successful
      cadaveric renal transplantation. One graft was lost within a few hours from
      venous thrombosis but with patient survival. The other three are providing normal
      endocrine function after two and a half, 11 and 12 months. The exocrine
      pancreatic secretions were drained into the recipient jejunum through enteric
      anastomoses. Because mucosal slough of the graft duodenum and jejunum in two
      patients caused a protein losing enteropathy and necessitated reoperations, we
      now do the pancreatic transplantation with only a blister of graft duodenum large
      enough for side-to-side enteroenterostomy. The spleen has been transplanted with
      the pancreas mainly for technical reasons, and this technique should have further
      trials in spite of the fact that delayed graft splenectomy became necessary in
      two recipients to treat graft induced hematologic complications.

PMID- 6382663
TI  - Thomas William Langfitt, M.D.

PMID- 6382664
TI  - Dr. William F. Meacham.

PMID- 6382665
TI  - Ionic mechanisms of rhythmic firing.

PMID- 6382666
TI  - Factors determining motoneuron rhythmicity during fictive locomotion.

PMID- 6382668
TI  - [A dental gold-cobalt alloy of eutectic composition].

PMID- 6382667
TI  - On the origin and pattern control of breathing rhythmicity in mammals.

PMID- 6382669
TI  - [Plasma renin activity in patients with systemic scleroderma and renal lesions].

PMID- 6382670
TI  - [Therapeutic plasmapheresis].

PMID- 6382671
TI  - [NBT test (review of the literature and personal observations)].

PMID- 6382672
TI  - [Effectiveness of various methods of chemotherapy of lymphosarcoma].
AB  - Different methods of poly- and monochemotherapy applied to the treatment of 601
      lymphosarcoma patients admitted to the All-Union Cancer Research Center, Academy
      of Medical Sciences of the USSR, over the recent years have been studied and
      compared. The treatment results have been analyzed in accordance with the
      morphological pattern of lymphosarcomas and the degree of tumor spreading. The
      most efficacious methods for drug treatment of recurrent lymphosarcomas have been
      defined.

PMID- 6382673
TI  - Influence of diltiazem on bronchoconstriction induced by cold air breathing
      during exercise.
AB  - Since the calcium antagonists nifedipine and verapamil have been shown to
      diminish exercise induced asthma, the effect of oral diltiazem, a calcium channel
      blocker not previously investigated in this context, was studied. Ten patients
      with bronchial asthma were given 60 mg diltiazem or placebo four hours before the
      challenge in a double blind, randomised, crossover fashion. Exercise was
      performed on a cycle ergometer while the subjects were breathing cold air,
      resulting in a respiratory heat exchange which was similar at the two study
      sessions. FEV1 and specific conductance (sGaw) were recorded before and three,
      10, 15, and 30 minutes after the challenge. No significant differences were found
      between placebo and diltiazem days in the fall of FEV1 or sGaw after exercise.
      Thus unlike other calcium antagonists diltiazem, in a dose of 60 mg given orally
      four hours before exercise, failed to protect against exercise induced asthma.

PMID- 6382675
TI  - Reduction of ciliary beat frequency in vitro by sputum from patients with
      bronchiectasis: a serine proteinase effect.
AB  - We have examined the effect of adding elastase positive sputum from six patients
      with purulent bronchiectasis on the ciliary beat frequency of nasal epithelium
      from normal subjects. Control studies of cilia suspended in tissue culture medium
      showed little change in ciliary beat frequency over six hours. Cilia incubated in
      elastase positive secretions, however, showed a considerable decrease in ciliary
      beat frequency over the period, falling from a mean of 13 X 40 beats/second to 6
      X 78 beats/second (p less than 0.001). Inhibition of the elastase activity with
      pure human alpha 1 antitrypsin abolished this effect (mean at start 13 X 75
      beats/second, mean at six hours 11 X 64 beats/second). The patients were then
      treated with amoxycillin for two weeks and sputum was collected at the end of the
      course. These secretions showed no detectable elastase activity and also had
      little effect on ciliary beat frequency. The results suggest that serine
      proteinase activity associated with elastase can decrease mucociliary function in
      vitro and that antibiotic treatment even in the apparently stable state may have
      a beneficial effect.

PMID- 6382674
TI  - Smoking withdrawal in hospital patients: factors associated with outcome.
      Subcommittee of the Research Committee of the British Thoracic Society.
AB  - Factors associated with outcome were investigated in the British Thoracic
      Society's study of smoking withdrawal in 1550 patients attending hospital with
      smoking related diseases. A long term abstinence rate of 9.7% was found. Men did
      better than women, 12.2% of them succeeding in stopping smoking compared with
      5.3% of the women. Success rate increased with age, and people with heart disease
      did better than those with any other diagnosis. The success rate of the best
      group, men with heart disease, was 21%. Sex, age, and diagnosis appeared to act
      independently. If the most important other person in the patient's life was a non
      smoker success was more likely. Weight increased by an average of 5.9 kg over a
      year in those who stopped smoking.

PMID- 6382677
TI  - Stimulation of endothelial cells by protease activity in commercial preparations
      of xanthine oxidase.
AB  - The oxygen radical generating system of xanthine oxidase plus xanthine, which has
      been used as a model for the oxidative burst of activated granulocytes, is known
      to damage endothelium in vivo and in vitro. We previously observed effects
      (inhibited by catalase, and thus associated with the formation of H2O2) on
      several parameters of endothelial function, using a non-commercial preparation of
      xanthine oxidase. Our present study demonstrates that xanthine oxidase from two
      different commercial sources has additional effects on endothelial morphology and
      ion flux that are substrate-independent (i.e. produced in the absence of added
      xanthine) and are attributable to the presence of pancreatin (a crude enzyme
      mixture used in the commercial preparation of xanthine oxidase from milk). These
      effects are related to the tryptic activity of pancreatin and extend previous
      observations on the effects of neutral proteases on endothelial cells. Our
      results emphasise the practical point that studies on the effects of commercial
      xanthine oxidase preparations on endothelial cells must take account of their
      trypsin-like activity as well as their capacity to generate oxygen products.

PMID- 6382676
TI  - Early results of cardiac transplantation at the Texas Heart Institute.
AB  - From July 1982 to November 1983 18 patients (one female) underwent orthotopic
      cardiac transplantation at the Texas Heart Institute. Prednisone and cyclosporin
      were used for maintenance immunosuppression in all patients. Cumulative follow up
      has now been for 90 patient months (0.75-20 months). Rejection occurred in 10
      recipients (56%) and was fatal in three, giving an incidence of rejection of 0.6
      episodes per recipient and a mortality rate of 30% per episode. At one year 39%
      of recipients were free of infection and 73% free of fatal rejection. Infection
      episodes occurred on 32 occasions in 14 patients and 24 episodes required
      treatment. There were no infection related deaths, although the first year
      actuarial freedom from infection rate was only 24%. With 14 of the 18 patients
      surviving (78%), an actuarial one year survival of 74%, and freedom from major
      complications in the short term, the efficacy of cyclosporin immunosuppression
      for cardiac transplantation is confirmed.

PMID- 6382678
TI  - Nutrition and periodontal disease.

PMID- 6382679
TI  - Primary culture of human esophageal epithelial cells.
AB  - Primary cultures and serial passages of nontumorous adult human esophageal
      epithelial cells derived from surgically resected esophagi of patients with
      esophageal cancer have been developed. Disaggregated cells obtained by means of
      tryptic digestion lasting for 90 min grew to confluency in medium RITC 80-7
      supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Such primary cultures were
      established from more than 20 donors, and could be passaged 3 to 5 times.
      Fibroblastic contamination was almost eliminated by careful sampling, and it was
      possible to perform the growth response or serial passages without fibroblastic
      overgrowth. Serum-free medium RITC 80-7 supplemented with fibronectin (FN) and
      bovine serum albumin (BSA) also supported the growth of esophageal epithelial
      cells, but was not sufficient for serial passages. Among growth promoting factors
      in medium RITC 80-7, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) was highly stimulatory to
      growth. Insulin, transferrin, FN and BSA also enhanced cell growth and/or
      attachment. The epithelial nature of the cultured cells was confirmed by
      transmission electron microscopy and indirect immunofluorescent staining with
      antikeratin antibody. The majority of the cultured cells were diploid.

PMID- 6382681
TI  - 1982 bibliographic index: poisons, toxins and venoms of natural origin.

PMID- 6382682
TI  - Decrease in insulin secretion related to hypocalcemia induced by a high dose of
      zinc in rats.
AB  - A single oral administration of zinc (Zn), sufficient to induce hypocalcemia,
      caused a decrease in glucose tolerance in fasted rats. This decrease resulted
      from reduction of insulin secretion. The restoration of Zn-induced hypocalcemia
      completely prevented the decrease in glucose tolerance and insulin secretion.
      These results suggest that the effect of Zn administration on insulin secretion
      in rats is a consequence of hypocalcemia.

PMID- 6382680
TI  - Purification and amino acid composition of type A botulinum neurotoxin.
AB  - A method to purify type A botulinum neurotoxin from a 64 liter bacterial culture
      is reported. The procedure includes cation exchange chromatography at pH 7.0. The
      final product, essentially homogeneous (according to polyacrylamide gel-sodium
      dodecylsulfate electrophoresis), is a mixture of two forms of the neurotoxin
      (mol. wt 145,000); the dichain or nicked form (over 95%) and its precursor the
      single chain or unnicked form. Two batches of the neurotoxin purified by the
      method described here and one batch purified according to the method of Sugii and
      Sakaguchi were similar in purity and amino acid composition. The best estimate of
      the number of amino acid residues per neurotoxin molecule (mol. wt 145,000) is:
      Asp200Thr75Ser79Glu114Pro44Gly64Ala53Val70CyS10Met22Ile111Leu104Tyr71
      Phe68Lys100His14Arg43Trp17.

PMID- 6382683
TI  - A personal record of dentistry.

PMID- 6382684
TI  - A method for producing dust-, streak- and hole-free Formvar films in laboratories
      having high atmospheric humidity.

PMID- 6382685
TI  - [Effect of local hypothermia on the vascular permeability of the periodontium].

PMID- 6382686
TI  - [Plastic repair of facial and neck defects with a complex flap incorporating the
      greater pectoral muscle].

PMID- 6382689
TI  - [Bases for constructing the arch of a supporting dental prosthesis for the
      maxilla].

PMID- 6382687
TI  - [Comprehensive evaluation of the viability of a Filatov pedicle flap].

PMID- 6382688
TI  - [Prosthetic characteristics of ceramic bridge dentures].

PMID- 6382690
TI  - [Hemodynamics of the periodontium of the supporting teeth during orthodontic
      treatment with fixed dentures].

PMID- 6382691
TI  - [Immunity of patients with suppurative-inflammatory processes of the
      maxillofacial area].

PMID- 6382693
TI  - [Basic properties of a new material for amalgams].

PMID- 6382694
TI  - [New aspects in cavity preparation for amalgam restorations].

PMID- 6382692
TI  - [Composition and the therapeutic-prophylactic properties of toothpastes].

PMID- 6382695
TI  - [The role of cytology in the diagnosis of oral lesions, other than carcinomas].

PMID- 6382696
TI  - [Predictive value of immunological studies in patients with maxillofacial
      malignancies. 1. Leukocyte adherence inhibition tests (LAI)].

PMID- 6382697
TI  - [Full-thickness skin transplantation in the elderly].

PMID- 6382698
TI  - [Metalloceramics for the improvement of prosthetic treatment of the population of
      the GDR. VI: Studies on the surface formation of non-precious metal Ni-Cr alloys
      in relation to manufacturing and processing procedures].

PMID- 6382699
TI  - [Gold-colored metallic coating of prosthetic treatment metals].

PMID- 6382700
TI  - A randomized trial of team care following stroke.
AB  - A randomized controlled trial was conducted to examine the effects of
      interdisciplinary team care on acute hospitalized stroke patients. After
      obtaining baseline information on 42 stroke victims receiving conventional care
      in a general hospital, 130 stroke patients were stratified and randomly assigned
      either to Traditional or Team care. Assessments by independent evaluators
      permitted comparisons between Team and Traditional groups with reference to
      patient survival, motor performance and functional abilities. Data obtained
      prospectively from charts and treatment logs allowed the care process across
      groups to be compared. Results demonstrated that Team and Traditional patients
      fared similarly in survival. However there was an unexpected difference in
      survival depending upon sex. For motor performance, male survivors performed
      better with Team care and female survivors with the Traditional method. In terms
      of functional abilities, male patients receiving Team care again performed better
      than their Traditional counterparts, whereas in women there was no difference
      between the treatment groups.

PMID- 6382701
TI  - Central nervous system complications of open heart surgery.

PMID- 6382702
TI  - The plastid envelope membranes: their structure, composition, and role in
      chloroplast biogenesis.

PMID- 6382703
TI  - Biogenesis of the yeast cell wall.

PMID- 6382704
TI  - The supramolecular organization of the cytoskeleton during fertilization.

PMID- 6382705
TI  - Evolutionary aspects of human chromosomes.

PMID- 6382706
TI  - Recent advances in research on filariasis. Chemotherapy.

PMID- 6382707
TI  - Recent advances in the epidemiology and control of filarial infections including
      entomological aspects of transmission.

PMID- 6382708
TI  - Immunological aspects of lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis in man.

PMID- 6382709
TI  - Constant intrarenal infusion of PGE1 into a canine renal transplant using a
      totally implantable pump.
AB  - A method was devised whereby PGE1 could be administered to a canine renal
      transplant recipient on a chronic basis. PGE1 was stored in the reservoir of an
      implantable pump and delivered continuously in high doses directly into the renal
      transplant artery. In the model studied a contralateral untreated transplant from
      the same donor served as a control. Sequential renal scans were used to study the
      effect of intraarterial PGE1 on the rejection process. Continuous delivery of
      PGE1 into the renal transplant artery did not prevent allograft failure under
      these conditions; blood flow diminished similarly in both PGE1-treated and
      untreated transplants. There were, however, striking differences in the
      histologic appearance of treated and untreated transplants. PGE1 perfusion
      resulted in the appearance of large numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes but
      few lymphocytes. In the untreated control allograft, however, the findings were
      typical of lymphocyte-mediated acute rejection. The distinctive differences noted
      histologically suggested that the local administration of PGE1 influenced the
      mechanism by which graft failure occurred. The ability to manipulate cell
      populations infiltrating an allograft represents a potentially important means
      for modifying the immune response.

PMID- 6382710
TI  - The enhancing and sensitizing effects of donor blood components, including
      dendritic cells, in a rat renal allograft model.
AB  - In the DA-to-Lewis renal allograft model, donor whole blood enhanced renal
      allograft survival (14.5 +/- 7.6 days versus 6.9 +/- 0.6 days in controls [P less
      than 0.01]). The effect of individual cell components given in numbers equivalent
      to those present in the enhancing volumes of donor whole blood was studied.
      Immunization with donor red cells alone produced greater enhancement than that
      produced by whole blood (36.14 +/- 19.5 days [P less than 0.01]). B lymphocytes
      also enhanced allograft survival (16.0 +/- 3.9 days [P less than 0.01]). Although
      slight enhancement was observed with platelets (8.5 +/- 0.6 days) and 10(5)
      dendritic cells (8.4 +/- 0.5 days), in terms of allograft function dendritic cell
      immunization produced evidence of dose-dependent accelerated rejection. A similar
      finding was obtained with donor T cell immunization. Donor plasma had no effect.
      We conclude that, although donor blood has an overall enhancing effect on renal
      allograft survival in this model, the sensitizing and enhancing effects can be
      ascribed to individual types of cells.

PMID- 6382712
TI  - Use of monoclonal antibodies to quantitate T lymphocyte subpopulations in human
      cardiac allografts.
AB  - T cell subsets have been quantitated in 40 human cardiac biopsies to characterize
      the surface phenotype of T lymphocytes involved in acute rejection. Seventeen
      biopsies were from patients receiving conventional immunosuppression, and 18 were
      from patients receiving cyclosporine (Cys) as the major immunosuppressive drug.
      Five biopsies were from nontransplanted hearts. Frozen sections were treated with
      monoclonal antibodies of the Leu series and an immunoperoxidase technique to
      determine numbers of Leu 4 (T3 or pan-T-cell), Leu 2a (T8 or
      suppressor/cytotoxic), and Leu 3a (T4 or helper/inducer) positive cells. Biopsies
      from patients on conventional immunosuppression during rejection contained 68.3
      +/- 10 infiltrating leukocytes/0.048 mm2 of the biopsy, of which 47 +/- 7.4% were
      T cells. Most of the T cells (86%) were of the 2a/T8 phenotype. In contrast,
      nonrejecting hearts contained substantially fewer infiltrating leukocytes (43.3
      +/- 18.8/0.048 mm2), of which only 12.6% were T cells. There was no predominance
      of the 2a/T8 subset in nonrejecting biopsies. It is concluded that in patients
      receiving conventional immunosuppression, rejection is associated with an influx
      of T cells, most of which are 2a/T8-positive, into the cardiac allograft. In
      contrast, biopsies from patients on Cys contained large numbers of infiltrating
      leukocytes that did not appear to correlate with the histological assessment of
      rejection. However, in these patients, rejection was associated with an increase
      in the number of T cells with no consistent pattern of subset distribution.
      Biopsies from nontransplanted hearts contained few infiltrating leukocytes (31.5
      +/- 9.4/0.048 mm2), and none of them were T cells.

PMID- 6382711
TI  - Influence of HLA-A, B, and DR matching on the outcome of kidney transplant
      survival in preimmunized patients.
AB  - The outcome of 893 prospectively typed (HLA-A, B, and DR) and matched cadaveric
      kidney transplants--all first grafts, with patients being transfused before
      transplantation--was studied using actuarial survival methods. The effect of HLA
      A, B and DR matching was only found to be significantly beneficial to graft
      survival in the group of 289 presensitized recipients: 70% and 43% graft survival
      at two years in the case of best-matched (4-6 HLA-A, B, and DR) identities versus
      mismatched (0 and 1 HLA-A, B, and DR) identities, respectively (P = 0.05).
      Although a cumulative effect of matching for antigens belonging to the 3 HLA-A,
      B, and DR series was observed among the group of preimmunized recipients, a trend
      arose in favor of the prominent role of the HLA-B alleles. No significant
      difference related to HLA matching was observed in the group of nonsensitized
      recipients. These results confirm previous observations and support efforts to
      give priority for matched kidneys to preimmunized patients.

PMID- 6382713
TI  - The variation among transplant center results in the United Kingdom and Ireland
      from 1977 to 1981.
AB  - An analysis of pooled data from transplants performed between 1977 and 1981 in 29
      centers throughout the United Kingdom and Ireland revealed that the pattern of
      loss varied according to cause and postoperative time. Loss from rejection was
      characterized by a bimodal pattern in which early (0-25 days) and late (26-100
      days) peaks of rejection were distinguishable. Rejected second transplants
      exhibited this phenomenon more than first transplants, and the loss was
      proportionately greater during the early period, suggesting that prior
      sensitization played an important role. Graft loss from technical causes and
      recipient death showed distinctly different patterns of loss. These findings
      suggested that, when possible, transplant survival statistics should be analyzed
      separately according to postoperative time and cause of loss. In applying these
      preliminary observations of the pooled data to a comparative study of the results
      in the different centers it was noted that such comparisons could be
      substantially affected by random variability in estimates of actuarial survival
      rates. Therefore, a simple method of ranking was developed in which centers were
      allocated to high or low survivorship categories, or to an indeterminate category
      when the standard error in estimated actuarial survival was relatively large.
      Whereas the variation in loss rate from death with a functioning transplant
      (DWFT) was found to be indistinguishable from random variability, both
      nonimmunological failure (NIF) and immunological failure (IF) of the graft were
      found to be legitimate bases for ranking. Furthermore, center ranking based on IF
      at 0-25 days failed to exhibit a significant relationship with IF at 26-100 days,
      which could indicate important center differences associated with antirejection
      treatments during these two periods. These results showed that, ideally, time
      cause parameters should be analyzed separately when comparing transplant survival
      statistics in different centers.

PMID- 6382715
TI  - Immunological status of mice with long-standing allogeneic or xenogeneic neonatal
      heart grafts.
AB  - Adult mice were thymectomized and given 1 X 10(8) allogeneic or xenogeneic spleen
      cells i.v. On the day following cell injection, the mice were treated with 200
      mg/kg cyclophosphamide (Cy) i.p. Of the CBA mice treated according to this
      protocol, 87% accepted heterotopically transplanted C57BL/6 neonatal heart grafts
      and 61% accepted August rat heart grafts. Electrical activity of the grafts could
      be recorded in the majority of recipients for more than 5 months. Graft
      acceptance in most cases was specific. Some recipients with long standing rat
      heart grafts produced antirat hemagglutinins, but were negative for
      lymphocytotoxins. The absence of xenoantibodies correlated with specific
      unresponsiveness in the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) response.

PMID- 6382714
TI  - Elicitation of weak immune response in larval and adult Xenopus laevis by
      allografted pituitary.
AB  - To test the claim that tolerance to organ-specific self antigens is established
      during the ontogenic development of the immune system, pituitary anlagen were
      removed from early tailbud embryos of Xenopus laevis, and the resulting
      hypophysectomized tadpoles were grafted with pituitaries after the tadpoles had
      become immunocompetent. The result was that none of the histocompatible or
      allogeneic pituitary grafts was rejected throughout an observation period of 100
      days. Subsequent experiments revealed that hypophysectomy does not affect the
      development of immune responsiveness. In addition, allogeneic pituitary grafts
      were usually not rejected by unoperated, normal tadpoles or froglets, although
      they suffered lymphoid invasion to various degrees. However, a significant number
      of allogeneic pituitaries was rejected when they were grafted, either after or at
      the same time as the grafting of skin from the pituitary donors. We conclude that
      the pituitary of Xenopus possesses weak transplantation antigens or expresses
      them in ways that make them less accessible to the immune surveillance system of
      the allogeneic host.

PMID- 6382716
TI  - Major-histocompatibility-complex-restricted male skin graft rejection responses
      in rats.
AB  - Normal DA (RT1a) female rats rejected male skin isografts when preimmunized with
      RT1-compatible DA, or ACI (RT1a) male bone marrow cells (BMC), but failed to
      reject them when preimmunized with RT1-incompatible PvG/c (RT1c), F344 (RT1lvl),
      or BN (RT1n) male BMC--as well as when they were untreated. DA female rats
      rendered neonatally tolerant to RT1-incompatible PvG/c female tissues failed to
      reject, not only DA, but also PvG/c male skin grafts when preimmunized with PvG/c
      male BMC. DA female rats tolerant of PvG/c female tissues that had rejected DA
      male skin grafts following immunization with DA male BMC failed to reject PvG/c
      male skin grafts. These results indicate that in rats, unlike mice, male skin
      graft rejection responses are MHC-restricted, at least in the DA strain.

PMID- 6382717
TI  - Immunosuppression in the baboon cardiac allograft model: effects of splenectomy,
      bolus methylprednisolone, propranolol, high-dose azathioprine, cyclophosphamide,
      and a niridazole metabolite.

PMID- 6382718
TI  - Transfusion reactions in donor-specific blood transfusion patients resulting from
      transfused maternal antibody.

PMID- 6382719
TI  - Renal transplantation and hearing loss in Alport's syndrome.

PMID- 6382720
TI  - Glucocorticoid inhibitory action on OKT3-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes
      from renal transplant patients.

PMID- 6382721
TI  - Clean, intermittent self-catheterization in renal transplant recipients.

PMID- 6382723
TI  - Renal allograft survival of U.S. donor kidneys in Eurotransplant.

PMID- 6382722
TI  - Reproducibility of the fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Analysis of 93 double
      biopsies.

PMID- 6382724
TI  - Studies on the transcapillary escape rate of fibrinogen and capillary
      permeability in patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
AB  - The transcapillary escape rate and capillary permeability of fibrinogen were
      studied in 7 patients wih Plasmodium falciparum malaria and 4 control subjects by
      using 131I-fibrinogen as a tracer. The plasma disappearance curve of 131I
      fibrinogen was followed during the first 60 minutes after injection. The mean
      transcapillary rate of fibrinogen in these patients was found to be significantly
      higher than that of the control group. As the plasma volume and fibrinogen
      concentrations were grossly elevated in these patients, this resulted in a
      significantly higher plasma clearance, intravascular pool of fibrinogen and out
      flux of fibrinogen from the intravascular to the extravascular compartments. Both
      the effective capillary pore area per unit path length available for restricted
      diffusion and the specific permeability coefficient of plasma fibrinogen were
      increased in the patients group which indicated that the increased leakage of
      fibrinogen was due to the increased surface area of capillary membrane and an
      increased capillary permeability to fibrinogen. The mean extravascular transit
      time for fibrinogen to return to plasma via the lymph was slightly, but not
      significantly shorter in the patients group than the control group. All these
      findings indicated that there was an increased capillary permeability in patients
      with P. falciparum malaria which resulted in the increased leakage of plasma
      fibrinogen from the circulation into the extravascular space.

PMID- 6382725
TI  - Bacterial liver abscesses in Nigeria.
AB  - There has been no previous report on bacterial liver abscess (BLA) from West
      Africa. During the period 1972-1979, 13 patients were treated for BLA in Zaria,
      Nigeria. S. aureus was the most frequent pathogen but an anaerobic streptococcus
      was identified in one instance. The case fatality rate was 54%, similar to those
      reported in the literature. Since diagnosis was made without the benefit of the
      newer liver-imaging technologies it seems probable that BLA is underdiagnosed and
      therefore untreated in some patients.

PMID- 6382726
TI  - Yersinia enterocolitica infection: first case report from Malaysia.
AB  - The first case report of Yersinia enterocolitica infection in Malaysia is
      presented. The patient was a 34-year-old Indian woman who had a four day history
      of fever, abdominal pain and cough and loose stools for 2 days. She was diagnosed
      and treated as a case, initially of bacillary dysentery, and then of urban
      typhus. She responded to tetracycline therapy. Bacteriological examination
      eventually resulted in the isolation and identification of Yersinia
      enterocolitica, serotype 0:3. This case indicates the presence of the infection
      in Malaysia although the incidence is probably very low. This appears to be the
      situation in 'warm' countries.

PMID- 6382727
TI  - [Cytogenetic characteristics of 5 experimental mammalian pathology models].
AB  - A cytogenetic study of bone marrow cells was carried out first under conditions
      of toxic hepatopathy, experimental toxic nephropathy, alloxan diabetes in rats
      and under conditions of colibacillar and pyocyanic sepsis in mice in different
      periods of pathology. These experimental models may be used in research on
      medicinal mutagenesis.

PMID- 6382728
TI  - [Changes in the orientation of the fracture plane of cell membranes during freeze
      fracturing as an index of change in membrane structure].
AB  - Using freeze-fracture method it is shown that the direction of the fracture plane
      is a sensitive indicator of the membrane structural organization. A decrease in
      the proportion of longitudinal fractures is noted upon the membrane rearrangement
      presumably associated with changes in the lipid phase, and, on the contrary, an
      increase in the proportion of these fractures is observed upon some actions
      resulting, presumably, in changes of the protein phase of membranes.

PMID- 6382729
TI  - [Rapid method for the intravital assessment of proliferative activity in
      monolayer cultures].
AB  - A simple and quick method is proposed for measuring the mitotic activity in
      monolayer cell cultures. The method is based on counts of mitotic figures in
      several microscopic fields without fixing and staining the cells. The counting
      procedure takes little time, and culture dishes (or flasks) may be then used for
      other experiments. The proliferation activity of Swiss 3T3 cells was estimated by
      this technique and compared with the results provided by the flow
      cytofluorimetric analysis.

PMID- 6382730
TI  - [Vladimir Davidovich Zhestianikov (on his 60th birthday)].

PMID- 6382731
TI  - Multivariate statistical classification of noisy images (randomly oriented
      biological macromolecules).
AB  - Multivariate Statistical Analysis (MSA) methods have recently been introduced for
      analyzing images of biological macromolecules [Van Heel and Frank,
      Ultramicroscopy 6 (1981) 187]. With these techniques, the significant
      characteristics of each molecular image can be expressed in merely 2 to 8
      factorial coordinate values rather than in the typical 64 X 64 = 4096 pixel grey
      values that originally described the image. This very large reduction in total
      amount of data facilitates the understanding of the general behavior of a set of
      molecular images in terms of classes or of general trends in the data set. The
      (artificial) intelligence of the procedure, however, lies in the decision-making
      or classification phase. The theory and philosophy of multivariate statistical
      classification are reviewed using generalized metrics. Problem-dependent
      classification rationales are proposed. A set of computer-generated "randomly
      oriented molecular images" are used to test the classification schemes. This
      model experiment is a step towards 3D structure analysis of macromolecules based
      on large numbers of (noisy) electron microscopical images of randomly oriented
      biological macromolecules.

PMID- 6382732
TI  - Three-dimensional reconstruction of imperfect two-dimensional crystals.
AB  - An outline is given of the general methodology of 3D reconstruction on the basis
      of correlation averages of the 2D projections: this hybrid real space/Fourier
      space approach substantially alleviates one of the most serious limitations on
      obtaining high resolution 3D structures, namely crystal distortions. The paper
      discusses some of the technical problems involved, namely optimisation of tilt
      increments, a posteriori tilt angle determination, extraction of lattice line
      data from averaged unit cells, and stain/protein boundary determination. The
      approach is illustrated by application to a 2D crystal from a bacterial cell
      envelope.

PMID- 6382733
TI  - [History and tasks of the International Study Group for Problems in
      Osteosynthesis. 2].

PMID- 6382734
TI  - [Prognostic significance of antilymphocyte antibodies in a perivital kidney
      allograft].

PMID- 6382735
TI  - [Diagnosis of a urodynamic disorder of the upper urinary tract].

PMID- 6382736
TI  - [Tuberculosis following kidney transplantation].
AB  - Morbidity of tuberculosis following kidney transplantation is about 1% (14/1719
      kidney transplantations). All cases occurred within 1 year after transplantation;
      surprising was the relative high incidence in patients from outside Central
      Europe. Four patients with lack of clinical symptoms in whom the diagnosis was
      made by routine X-ray films of the chest survived after immediate therapy while
      five of ten patients with miliary tuberculosis died although proper treatment was
      performed. In cases of fever not caused by rejection or in pneumonia resistant to
      common antibiotics prophylactic antituberculous therapy should be considered even
      if microbiological evidence is not yet confirmed.

PMID- 6382737
TI  - Urinary tract infections and P blood group antigens.
AB  - The glycolipids of the P blood groups have been isolated from human urothelial
      cells and have proved to be likely receptor sites for Escherichia coli. The
      presence or absence of these antigens may be a factor influencing the adherence
      of bacteria to the urothelial cells. Therefore, an experimental group of 27
      infection-prone premenopausal women, ranging in age from seventeen to thirty-six
      years, received blood group typing in the ABO and P systems. These women were
      found to have a normal distribution in the ABO system. Eighty-five per cent were
      found to be the P2 phenotype compared with the expected frequency of 21 per cent
      in the general population. These data suggest that there is a genetic influence
      at the cellular level which may make certain women more prone to urinary tract
      infections and differences in bacterial adherence.

PMID- 6382738
TI  - Inferior vena caval replacement after resection of left renal tumor in canine
      model.
AB  - An animal model simulating the necessity of replacing the inferior vena cava
      (IVC) with a prosthetic graft is described. Six dogs underwent replacement of the
      IVC with an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (E-PTFE) graft using an interrupted
      suture technique. Three dogs served as controls, undergoing resection and
      autograft of the native IVC. Distal side-to-side femoral arteriovenous fistulas
      were constructed in each case and allowed to remain for six weeks. Subcutaneous
      heparin and prophylactic antibiotics were administered in the early postoperative
      period. All grafts were patent at six months, indicating a potentially successful
      technique for reconstruction of the IVC involved in disease or trauma.

PMID- 6382739
TI  - Advantages of nonionic contrast agents in adult urography.
AB  - Nonionic radiographic contrast agents have a reported advantage of decreased
      contrast osmolality. Before clinical significance can be attributed to this lower
      osmolality, an observed difference must be documented. In a randomized double
      blind study with 55 patients, Iohexol, a new nonionic contrast agent, is compared
      with Renografin 60 for use in adult urography. Hemodynamic parameters, serum and
      urine chemistries, including osmolality, were recorded before and after contrast
      injection. Radiographic quality and adverse reactions were recorded. This study
      focused on the change in urine osmolality (delta Osm) from pre- and post
      injection urine specimens. The group receiving nonionic contrast agents had an
      average delta Osm of 65 mOsm/L while those receiving the ionic agent had an
      average delta Osm of 120 mOsm/L. This significant difference in urine osmolality
      is discussed with respect to the observed advantage in radiographic quality and
      the lower incidence of adverse reactions noted in the group receiving nonionic
      contrast material.

PMID- 6382740
TI  - T-antigen and bladder cancer.

PMID- 6382741
TI  - James Allen Campbell.

PMID- 6382742
TI  - Henry George Kunkel.

PMID- 6382743
TI  - Cecil James Watson.

PMID- 6382745
TI  - Bladder beer--a new clinical observation.

PMID- 6382746
TI  - Effective treatment and prevention of typhoid fever: updated.

PMID- 6382744
TI  - Membrane proteins and virus virulence.

PMID- 6382747
TI  - The effect of histocompatibility differences on corneal graft rejection using
      inbred rats as the experimental model.

PMID- 6382748
TI  - The localisation of histocompatibility antigens in human cornea.

PMID- 6382749
TI  - Keratoplasty for herpetic keratitis.

PMID- 6382750
TI  - Location of loops of the Sinskey modified J loop posterior chamber lens. A
      histopathological study.

PMID- 6382751
TI  - [The 1st volume of the journal "Vestnik oftal'mologii" (1884)].

PMID- 6382752
TI  - [Method of spatial-frequency analysis and study of the frequency-contrast
      characteristics of the normal eye].

PMID- 6382754
TI  - [Computerized tomography in the diagnosis of laryngeal diseases].

PMID- 6382753
TI  - [Plastic repair of the laryngopharynx and cervical esophagus after their removal
      for cancer].

PMID- 6382756
TI  - [Prevention of suppuration of surgical wounds in abdominal surgery].
AB  - The modes of local treatment of the operation wound, the contents of hollow
      organs of the gastro-intestinal tract are described. The principles of systemic
      application of antimicrobial medicine (antibiotics) are considered from the
      viewpoint of the present-day clinicians and practical doctors.

PMID- 6382755
TI  - [Mucociliary apparatus].

PMID- 6382757
TI  - [Methods of studying the thromboresistance of artificial materials used in
      cardiovascular surgery (review of the Soviet and foreign literature)].

PMID- 6382758
TI  - [Petr Georgievich Kornev (on the 100th anniversary of his birth)].

PMID- 6382759
TI  - [Autodermal plasty in postoperative ventral hernias].
AB  - The method of autodermal plasty was used in 299 patients with postoperative
      ventral hernias. Among them great and giant hernias made up 62,8%. The autodermal
      method of plasty results in less amount of complications in the wound which can
      be explained by an increased concentrations of humoral non-specific defense
      factors in the operation field due to the effect of the skin flap. Remote results
      were followed in 84% of the patients during 2-6 years. Recurrences were detected
      in 3,2%.

PMID- 6382760
TI  - [Relation between the extent of resection of cutaneous melanomas and the
      incidence of local recurrence].
AB  - Under study was the influence of the volume of a dissected primary tumor, the
      method of plasty of the wound defect and anesthesia upon the incidence of local
      recidivations of cutaneous melanoma in 1334 patients. Free skin plasty was shown
      to be necessary in cases of the surgical treatment of cutaneous melanoma
      excepting localization of the primary tumor on the trunk. Parsimonious excision
      of the primary tumor and local infiltration anesthesia during operation are
      thought to be the factors responsible for the development of local recidivation
      of skin melanomas.

PMID- 6382761
TI  - [Progress and prospects in surgery for osteoarticular tuberculosis in children].
AB  - The authors make an analysis of their many-years experience with the surgical
      treatment of tuberculosis of bones and joints (1380 operations in children aged
      from 8 months to 14 years with different manifestations of bone--joint
      tuberculosis). The context and principles of the surgery of tuberculosis of bones
      and joints in children as an independent scientific branch are determined. The
      priority of surgical methods in the treatment of the disease is confirmed and
      further trends of its development are shown.

PMID- 6382762
TI  - [Migration of a metal rod into the pelvic cavity].

PMID- 6382763
TI  - [Method of selective electrodilution in the diagnosis of pathological blood
      shunting between the greater and lesser circulations].

PMID- 6382764
TI  - [Acute traumatic pancreatitis].

PMID- 6382765
TI  - [Acute respiratory failure in severe nonthoracic injury. The concept of the
      inflammatory nature of shock lung (a review of the literature and the authors'
      own data)].

PMID- 6382766
TI  - [90th anniversary of the birth of Prof. Nikolai Nikolaevich Elanskii (1894
      1964)].

PMID- 6382767
TI  - [Lung resections by a modified method of separate treatment of the root
      elements].
AB  - The article describes results of experimental and clinical studies of using a
      modified method of lung resection by suturing the bronchus stump in the
      connective tissue envelope. It was shown that suturing the bronchus stump in the
      connective tissue envelope gives better blood supply from the very first days
      after operation than does the method of the bronchus suture after its isolation
      from the pulmonary root fat. In the clinical observations (109 resections of the
      lung) no primary incompetence of the bronchus stump was observed. Bronchus
      fistulas were found in 3,7%. Lethality was reduced from 6,3 to 2,7%.

PMID- 6382768
TI  - [Surgical treatment of combined lesions of the proximal aortic arch using
      extrathoracic methods].
AB  - Results of the surgical treatment of 19 patients are discussed. Extrathoracal
      methods of correction of occlusive injuries of proximal portions of the
      brachiocephalie arteries are shown to be expedient. The intraoperative flowmetry
      has shown the safety of using the common carotid artery as the donor for
      revascularization of brachiobasilar reservoir of blood circulation.

PMID- 6382769
TI  - [Treatment of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients following kidney
      transplant].
AB  - In 179 patients there were 218 operations of transplantation of the cadaveric
      kidney. Gastro-intestinal hemorrhages were found to develop in 16 of them (8.9%)
      at different terms after operations. Four patients were reoperated, 3 of them
      died. Twelve patients were treated by conservative methods. Eight patients
      survived. The transplant was functioning in 6 of them. Analysis of the material
      showed the conservative treatment to be the method of choice in gastrointestinal
      hemorrhages in the posttransplantation period. In such cases the transplant
      function should be given up for the sake of the patient's life. Before
      transplantation it is necessary to select a group of "high risk" patients. Part
      of them should be treated by hemodialysis only.

PMID- 6382770
TI  - [Urea as an antimicrobial and dehydration agent for the local treatment of
      suppurative surgical infection].
AB  - The 30% solution of urea is found to be an effective quick-acting means against
      gram-positive and gram-negative pyogenic microflora. Microorganisms discharged
      from purulent foci of patients were sensitive to the drug in 100% of cases. The
      local application of the 30% urea solution as irrigation used in 156 patients
      with pyo-surgical infection has shown the drug to be well endured by the
      patients. It has no side effects. The purulent process can be cupped off 1,5-1,7
      times quicker.

PMID- 6382771
TI  - [Subtotal pancreatic resection for pancreonecrosis in a patient undergoing
      earlier bilateral nephrectomy and kidney allograft].

PMID- 6382772
TI  - [Method of determining a deficiency in circulating blood volume].

PMID- 6382773
TI  - Microbiologic aspects of mastitis diagnosis.

PMID- 6382774
TI  - Veterinary interpretation of bulk-tank milk.

PMID- 6382775
TI  - Coliform mastitis.
AB  - Many strains of E. coli, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter can cause udder infection
      in dairy cows. Although some cases are severe, and occasionally fatal, most cases
      are self-limiting and would be resolved without therapy. Chronic coliform
      infections also occur; these may be subclinical but typically elicit recurrent
      clinical episodes. Therapy of acute coliform infections should be directed at
      removal of and neutralization of the effects of endotoxin. In cases of endotoxic
      shock, electrolyte and fluid therapy are indicated. Selection of antibacterial
      drugs is made difficult by the variable susceptibility of the organisms and by
      the inavailability of effective drugs approved for use in dairy cows. The
      coliform-infection rate is not reduced by conventional mastitis-control schemes
      that employ germicidal teat dips and antibiotic therapy of dry cows. Germicidal
      teat dips are generally ineffective because coliform bacteria can reach the teat
      end at any time between milkings when the germicidal activity is gone. A teat dip
      providing a barrier film over the teat orifice between milkings has given
      promising results in reducing coliform infection in lactating cows. Bedding
      materials appear to be a major reservoir of coliform bacteria. Sawdust bedding
      can support high populations of coliform bacteria, especially Klebsiella.
      Treatment of sawdust with slaked lime can reduce coliform populations in sawdust
      bedding, but its effect on infection has not been determined. Other methods of
      control of coliform mastitis believed effective are the following: Careful
      premilking hygiene, including sparing use of water and careful drying of teats
      and udder before applying the milking machine. Maintenance of clean conditions
      for dry and calving cows; sawdust should be avoided as bedding for springing and
      newly calved cows.

PMID- 6382776
TI  - Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: isolation of Moraxella bovis from two
      groups of young beef cattle in fly control field trials during 1981.
AB  - The rate of infection with Moraxella bovis was determined for two herds of calves
      during the course of a year. High infection rates with the haemolytic variant
      were found in the herds while they were housed during their first winter but this
      infection rate fell steadily after turnout. A rise in infections with the non
      haemolytic variant was observed during this time. The animals remained free from
      clinical infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis during the summer, unlike similar
      groups of animals in previous years. Immunity, weather and flies are considered
      for their possible relevance to this observation.

PMID- 6382777
TI  - Methylprednisolone.

PMID- 6382778
TI  - Proceedings of the Second International Immunoparasitology Symposium. University
      of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, U.S.A., 3-5 August, 1983.

PMID- 6382779
TI  - A review of the antigens of Fasciola hepatica.
AB  - The interaction between the antigens of Fasciola hepatica and the host immune
      response are reviewed. This paper evaluates not only more recent work, but the
      older literature as well. Antigens from each stage in the life cycle are
      considered with the idea of identifying those antigens with a potential for use
      in an effective vaccine. Antigens which cross-react with other parasite species
      are detailed as well as those that cross-react between different stages in the
      life cycle of F. hepatica. The objective of the review is to demonstrate for
      other investigators that vaccination against F. hepatica is a distinct
      possibility. We hope to encourage more investigators to initiate work on this
      aspect of an economically-important cosmopolitan parasite.

PMID- 6382780
TI  - An update of the isolation and characterization of culture-derived soluble
      antigens of Babesia bovis.
AB  - In this paper recent progress concerning the identification of soluble antigens
      from cultures of Babesia bovis parasites is reviewed. Soluble antigens present in
      the supernatant of B. bovis cultures have been shown to be efficient immunogens
      for induction of protective immunity against bovine babesiosis. Immunochemical
      analysis of culture supernatants has demonstrated that at least 3 parasite
      antigens are released in vitro. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis showed that at least 2 of these antigens have molecular weights
      within the range of 37 000-40 000 daltons. Crossed immunoelectrophoretic studies
      have further revealed an antigenic spectrum consisting of 1 major and 2 minor
      antigens with mobilities in the albumin and alpha 1 regions. Within the infected
      erythrocyte, 2 antigens have been localized on or near the erythrocytic membrane,
      while the third antigen appears to be directly associated with the parasite.

PMID- 6382781
TI  - Application of hybridoma technology to the diagnosis of parasitic disease.
AB  - Recent applications of hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibodies to the diagnosis
      of parasitic disease are reviewed. Diagnostic tests, utilizing monoclonal
      antibodies, have included radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay (ELISA) techniques to detect parasite antigen in host tissues and body
      fluids and circulating host antiparasite antibody. In general, the use of
      monoclonal-derived reagents has greatly increased the specificity of diagnosis by
      eliminating cross-reactions between closely related parasite species, without
      suffering a significant loss of sensitivity.

PMID- 6382783
TI  - Genetic engineering and a schistosome vaccine.
AB  - Early attempts to develop a vaccine against schistosomiasis have been largely
      empirical, relying on use of live, attenuated larvae or homogenates and extracts
      of the various life-cycle stages of the parasite. Although some success has been
      reported using attenuated larvae, by and large the early attempts at vaccination
      have proved unsuccessful. Recently, we have begun to apply recombinant DNA
      technology to the problem of schistosome vaccine development. A majority of the
      evidence pertaining to immunity against schistosome infection suggests that the
      schistosomula is the primary target of the immune attack. Therefore, it follows
      that antigens found on the surface of the young larvae would be prime candidates
      for inclusion in an experimental vaccine. This lecture summarizes work aimed at
      the identification of schistosomula surface antigens and molecular cloning of
      their corresponding genes. cDNA clones have been prepared from both egg and adult
      mRNA. Relevant clones have been identified by "message" selection. This approach
      relies on identification of relevant antigen precursors among in vitro
      translation products. At least 5 schistosomula surface-antigen precursors have
      been recognised among in vitro translation products directed by adult mRNA. Some
      of these peptides are also encoded by mRNA isolated from eggs. One egg-specific
      peptide has been cloned and there is evidence that this is immunodiagnostic for
      Schistoma mansoni infections. A long-term aim is hoped that such molecules would
      contribute to a schistosome vaccine as well as providing immunodiagnostic
      reagents.

PMID- 6382782
TI  - Immunity of schistosomes using heterologous trematode antigens--a review.
AB  - This review summarizes the field of cross-protection in schistosomiasis due to
      other parasitic infections and with subcellular fractions of the parasite
      trematodes. Regarding parasitic infections, the clearest evidence of cross
      protection to Schistosoma mansoni was found with the trematodes, particularly
      with Fasciola hepatica. Evidence was also presented which demonstrated that the
      protective F. hepatica worm antigens were those which bound to antibodies to S.
      mansoni, and that as antigen purification proceeded, smaller amounts were
      required to obtain significantly high levels of protection. These 2 factors,
      cross-reactivity and improved protection with increasing antigen purity (and
      possibly improved immunogenicity), are both supportive of an immunological basis
      for protection against S. mansoni. A Fasciola/Schistosoma-defined immunity cross
      reactive antigen from F. hepatica worms was isolated and designated as
      FhSmIII(M). An antiserum to this antigen was developed and used as a probe to
      detect the presence of this antigen (or its determinants) in different extracts
      of parasitic trematodes. In this manner, it was possible to demonstrate that
      FhSmIII(M) (or at least some of its determinants) were found on (or in) S.
      mansoni, S. bovis and Paragonimus westermani. Since mice immunized with P.
      westermani worm extracts acquire resistance to challenge with S. mansoni
      cercariae, a common link of cross-protection to the parasitic trematodes is
      suggested; i.e., FhSmIII(M). Although immunity to schistosomes is undoubtedly
      multifactorial, the demonstration of a common protective antigen (or determinant)
      will provide a handle for the evaluation of additional candidate protective
      antigens.

PMID- 6382784
TI  - Immunomodulation by nematodes: a review.
AB  - There is current evidence that infections with Trichinella spiralis, Ascaris
      suum, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Nematospiroides dubius (syn. Heligmosomoides
      polygyrus) and diverse filariae affect the immune responsiveness of their hosts.
      T. spiralis, or its extracts, can depress or enhance the heterologous humoral or
      cell-mediated immunities, and affect macrophage activity or the response to other
      invaders. These effects are induced by products of the migratory and early muscle
      larvae and appear to obey more than one single-mechanism. A suum acute infections
      or extracts depress responses involving T cell activity, but stimulate polygonal
      expansion of B-cells. Nippostrongylus brasiliensis causes polyclonal stimulation
      of IgE-producing cells, enhances immune responses during the first week of
      infection and inhibits them later on. Nematospiroides dubius depresses homologous
      and heterologous immunity and facilitates the permanence of other intestinal
      nematodes. Filarial worms appear to depress the homologous cell-mediated immunity
      and the heterologous humoral response by induction of suppressor cells and
      humoral factors. These phenomena are probably the result of evolutionary
      pressures on the parasites that facilitate their survival. In the host, they are
      likely to aggravate the homologous infection, facilitate intercurrent conditions
      and interfere with immunoprophylaxis procedures.

PMID- 6382785
TI  - Immunomodulation of host responses to ectoparasite infestation--an overview.
AB  - Immune reactivity stimulated by ectoparasites and other arthropods has received
      increased attention in recent years. It is clear that a broad range of host
      responses are elicited, and immune effector mechanisms appear to be active in
      limiting infestation with blood-feeding arthropods. Host immune responsiveness
      appears to be altered as a consequence of infestation by certain arthropods, and
      the impact of these alterations on vector-borne pathogen transmission remains to
      be determined. Successful techniques have been developed by a number of
      investigators for the artificial induction of resistance to blood-feeding
      arthropods. These areas are examined in this paper.

PMID- 6382786
TI  - [Possibilities for differential x-ray diagnosis of lesions of the stomach in
      malignant lymphoma].

PMID- 6382787
TI  - [Newcastle disease virus in tissue cultures studied by an immunofluorescence
      method].
AB  - Studied was the opportunity to demonstrate the Newcastle Disease Virus in tissue
      cultures with the employment of an immunofluorescence method. The development was
      followed up of four strains--the vaccinal ones Hitchner B1, La Sota, and Komarov
      and the velogenic one, Texas GB, using chick fibroblasts. It was found that the
      velogenic strain cumulated earlier and more intensely than the vaccinal ones,
      where the virus was seen to explicitly locate perivascularly. The most dependable
      demonstration of the virus proved possible with the velogenic strain at the 4th
      hour, and with the vaccinal strains--from the 6 th to the 10 th hour following
      the infection of the cultures. The virus antigen cumulated progressively, and
      with the velogenic strain it was accompanied with the production of a cytopathic
      effect which destroyed the cells by the 20th hour; with the vaccinal strains the
      cells remained intact up to the 48th hour following infection.

PMID- 6382788
TI  - Genome structure and expression of a defective interfering mutant of the killer
      virus of yeast.
AB  - A large internal deletion in M1 double-stranded (ds) RNA from the killer virus of
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae generates a suppressive (S3) dsRNA molecule. Strains
      which harbor S3 dsRNA are defective in toxin production and immunity to the
      toxin. The biochemical defect in expression has been investigated and is
      apparently due to truncation of the protoxin polypeptide translation reading
      frame on S3 dsRNA. Transcription in vivo, and in isolated virions in vitro,
      results in the synthesis of a full-length positive polarity messenger RNA,
      denoted s. The s transcript contains no long poly(A) tracts as determined by its
      lack of affinity for oligo(dT)-cellulose, and as inferred by sequence analysis of
      approximately 87% of the S3 dsRNA genome. These data support a model for template
      coding of polyadenylate in transcripts derived from the wild-type M1 dsRNA. The
      orientation of the sequences conserved on S3 dsRNA with respect to M1 dsRNA has
      been determined. Some of the conserved sequences are likely to be required for
      the maintenance and replication of these viral dsRNA genomes in S. cerevisiae.

PMID- 6382789
TI  - Localization of frog virus 3 proteins using monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Thirty-seven monoclonal antibodies to seven frog virus 3 (FV3) structural
      proteins were isolated and used to examine the distribution of viral proteins
      within virions and infected cells. Three monoclonal antibodies, one to the major
      capsid protein, VP55, and two to VP38 had detectable neutralizing activity
      suggesting that these proteins are located on the surface of virions.
      Immunofluorescent studies showed that VP108, VP57, VP55, and VP16 were localized
      mainly within virus assembly sites, while VP17 was detected in both assembly
      sites and the surrounding cytoplasm. The abundance of viral structural proteins
      within assembly sites is consistent with the idea that virion maturation occurs
      exclusively within assembly sites.

PMID- 6382790
TI  - Intracellular morphogenesis of bacteriophage T4. I. Gene dosage effects on early
      functions and tail fiber assembly.
AB  - Mixed infection of nonpermissive bacteria by amber mutant and wild-type T4 phage
      reduces the burst size in a manner that depends on the nature of the gene product
      eliminated by the mutation. While the genotypic proportions produced by such
      mixedly infected cells were directly proportional to those in the starting
      mixtures, the fraction of the burst size compared to wild-type-infected cells was
      dependent on the kind of mutant used. For example, mutants in genes 56, 42, and
      43, which control catalytic functions for DNA synthesis, produced normal burst
      sizes even at ratios of four mutant to one wild-type phage. The multiplicity of
      infection in these experiments was near 20, and most cells received one wild-type
      phage. By contrast, infection with mutants in tail fiber structural genes gave a
      normal burst size with 1:1 mixtures of wild-type phage, but showed a decrease in
      burst size below this ratio. The conclusions drawn are that enzymes of DNA
      replication are present in large excess over the amount needed for phage DNA
      synthesis, and that tail fiber structural proteins are made in a three- to
      fourfold excess over the amount needed for phage maturation under normal
      laboratory conditions.

PMID- 6382791
TI  - Intracellular morphogenesis of bacteriophage T4. II. Head morphogenesis.
AB  - The relative phage yields of cells of Escherichia coli infected with both wild
      type and amber mutant phages deficient in head morphogenesis were determined. The
      decrease in burst size as a function of the ratio of mutant:wild-type-infecting
      phage was linear and proportional for mutants in genes 20, 22, and 23, while for
      mutants in genes 21, 31, and 24 the results suggest an excess of intracellular
      gene product. The initiation of assembly of phage particles was not delayed at
      reduced gene product levels; only a reduction in the rate of phage assembly was
      observed. The effects on burst size of pairs of mutations in genes 20 and 23, 22
      and 23, and 22 and 24, in both cis and trans arrangements, were identical.
      Experiments using the mutant E920g in gene 23 show that varying the kind and
      intracellular amounts of the major capsid protein (gp23) with respect to the
      major core or scaffold protein (gp22) had a profound effect on the length of the
      T4 head. Head length determination must therefore depend on the proper
      intracellular balance between these two proteins.

PMID- 6382792
TI  - [Infectious cell entry mechanism of enveloped viruses].

PMID- 6382794
TI  - [Apolipoproteins, their clinical significance and possibilities of
      determination].

PMID- 6382795
TI  - [Calmodulin].

PMID- 6382793
TI  - [Live influenza virus vaccine].

PMID- 6382796
TI  - [A talented organizer of Soviet military public health (on the centenary of the
      birth of P.V. Mandryk)].

PMID- 6382797
TI  - [Yersinia enterocolitica as a possible causative agent in food poisoning].

PMID- 6382798
TI  - [Proteinase-inhibitor system indices of bronchial secretion in pulmonary
      tuberculosis patients].

PMID- 6382799
TI  - [Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system of elderly patients suffering from chronic
      ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 6382800
TI  - [Circadian rhythms of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in hypertension
      patients].

PMID- 6382802
TI  - [Nadolol in the treatment of arrhythmia].

PMID- 6382801
TI  - Regulation of hematopoiesis.
AB  - These discussions are selected from the weekly staff conferences in the
      Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Taken from
      transcriptions, they are prepared by Drs Homer A. Boushey, Associate Professor of
      Medicine, and David G. Warnock, Associate Professor of Medicine, under the
      direction of Dr Lloyd H. Smith, Jr, Professor of Medicine and Chairman of the
      Department of Medicine. Requests for reprints should be sent to the Department of
      Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San
      Francisco, CA 94143.

PMID- 6382803
TI  - [Evaluation of the results of surgical treatment of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 6382804
TI  - [Biological nature of the aging process].

PMID- 6382805
TI  - [Adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: status in 1984].
AB  - Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy prolongs the recurrence-free interval and,
      probably, overall survival in patients with surgically-treated, node-positive
      breast cancer. Composition, dosage, timing and duration of cytostatic treatment
      are not yet standardized. Among node-negative patients those with a relatively
      high risk of recurrence (receptor negative) should also be given adjuvant
      chemotherapy. Combination with endocrine treatment and/or radiotherapy merits
      further investigation. We need more large, well-designed controlled clinical
      studies to answer the numerous unsolved questions on this subject.

PMID- 6382806
TI  - [Hemoglobinopathies in developing countries].
AB  - The most important haemoglobinopathies in developing countries are reviewed in
      the light of new results elicited with modern research approaches. It has been
      shown that the sickle mutation originating in a localized region in West Africa
      arose independently of the mutation in East Africa and Asia. The frequency of
      alpha-thalassaemia has been underestimated in mediterranean and African
      countries. The inherited resistance to Plasmodium falciparum in the sickle cell
      disorders and thalassaemia has been elucidated to a large extent. The
      heterogeneity of alpha- and beta-thalassaemia has been investigated at the
      molecular level of the globin genes. Clinical management with repeated blood
      transfusions and regular iron chelation has markedly improved life expectation of
      the patient with thalassaemia major. Screening and educational programmes on a
      large scale in combination with facilities for genetic counselling, prenatal
      diagnosis and therapeutic abortion have already reduced the incidence of serious
      haemoglobinopathies in several developed countries. However, these methods will
      not be available for the population of developing areas until these countries
      reach a generally higher level, both economically and socially.

PMID- 6382808
TI  - State Medical Society of Wisconsin: 1984 membership directory as of July 5, 1984.

PMID- 6382809
TI  - Food and drug interactions.

PMID- 6382807
TI  - [Electron microscopic and immunohistologic studies of patients with Horton's
      temporal arteritis].
AB  - Temporal arteritis is a systmic disease with a predilecation for the cranio
      temporal vascular area. Histologically it is a panarteritis. Diagnosis is based
      on the presence of lymphocytes, histiocytes and foci of epitheloid cells in the
      media of the temporal artery. The presence of giant cells is, however not
      obligatory. The present study emphasizes the value of biopsy of the temporal
      artery in diagnosing this disease. It, furthermore, also points out the 10
      percent possibility of false negative biopsy results based on patchy vascular
      lesions. Tenderness to touch of the temporal artery, characteristic of temporal
      arteriitis, can be explained by perineural inflammatory infiltration of nerves in
      the adventitia of this artery. Examination under the electron microscope reveals
      almost complete destruction of the smooth muscles of the media by epitheloid cell
      granulomas. Massive neogenesis of collagen ensues. Furthermore, numerous
      myofibroblasts, macrophages and histiocytes are observed. Several macrophages
      close to each other create the impression of giant cells in the light microscope.
      The electron microscope image allows for clear differentiation between temporal
      arteritis on one hand and of arteriosclerosis on the other. Using the
      immunoperoxidase method in temporal arteritis, immune globulines are found
      intracellularly in plasma cells. Extracellularly, however, neither immune
      golbulins nor complement deposits are found in the vascular wall. Thus, the
      assumption that temporal arteritis represents a immune complex disorder cannot be
      maintained. The most frequent ophthalmologic complication in temporal arteritis
      is ischemic optic neuropathy. Histologic examination of a bulbus presenting
      anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in a case of temporal arteritis revealed
      predominantly lymphocytic infiltrations of the short and long ciliary arteries.
      No inflammatory infiltration was found in the central retinal artery. The
      development of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy can be explained by impaired
      perfusion or by occlusion of the short posterior ciliary arteries. In 60% of
      patients suffering from temporal arteritis, we found anticollagen antibodies in
      the serum. Collagenization of the vascular wall as observed in our electron
      microscopic examinations must, therefore, be considered the paradoxical
      consequence of an immune reaction caused by collagen auto-antibodies. Collagen
      auto-antibodies play a decisive role in the maintenance and chronicity of the
      inflammatory process in temporal arteritis. In therapy, corticosteroids should
      not be administered according to rule but rather in doses adjusted to individual
      requirements.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6382810
TI  - Influence of food and different nutrients on drug bioavailability.

PMID- 6382811
TI  - Environmental influences on drug biotransformations in humans.

PMID- 6382812
TI  - Food, formula and drug effects on the disposition of nutrients.

PMID- 6382814
TI  - Nutrition education in a changing world. A conceptualization and selective
      review.

PMID- 6382813
TI  - Nutrition and drug-protein binding.

PMID- 6382816
TI  - Evolution of the French diet: nutritional aspects.

PMID- 6382815
TI  - Cholesterol autoxidation, health and arteriosclerosis. A review on situations in
      developed countries.

PMID- 6382817
TI  - A brief history of the IOM.

PMID- 6382818
TI  - Lipid tracers of mycoplasma phylogeny.
AB  - Comparison of the lipid composition between members of the Mycoplasmatales
      reveals a striking diversity of lipid structures, not only between the six genera
      but among species within the same genus. This is in contrast to nearly all other
      bacterial groups in which members of the same genus possess essentially the same
      lipids. There are in fact more similarities between lipids of a given species of
      mycoplasma and a genus of bacterium than there are between lipids of a given
      species of mycoplasma and a genus of bacterium than there are between mycoplasma
      species. Mycoplasmal lipids suggest that these organisms do not represent a
      phylogenetically related group at all, but are probably degenerative forms of
      bacteria, particularly gram-positive bacteria, which have lost the ability to
      synthesize a cell wall.

PMID- 6382819
TI  - Transbilayer distribution of sterols in mycoplasma membranes: a review.
AB  - The polyene antibiotic, filipin, binds to 3 beta-hydroxysterols. The initial rate
      of filipin-sterol association, monitored in a stopped-flow spectrophotometer, was
      first order in each reacting partner. The ratio of rate constants in intact
      mycoplasma cells relative to isolated, unsealed membranes provides an estimate of
      sterol distribution in the membrane bilayer. Cholesterol is distributed
      symmetrically in the bilayer of M. gallisepticum cells from the early exponential
      phase. However, in the M. capricolum membrane two-thirds of the unesterified
      cholesterol is localized in the outer leaflet; alkyl-sterols are distributed
      predominantly in the external monolayer. Cholesterol is translocated rapidly in
      the bilayer of M. capricolum cells. Exogenous phospholipids incorporated into the
      membrane had no effect on the cholesterol distribution in M. capricolum.

PMID- 6382820
TI  - Spiroplasma fibrils.
AB  - Spiroplasmas contain long flexuous fibrils composed of a protein, molecular
      weight 55,000, which is specific to Spiroplasma and is highly conserved among
      different species. The protein cannot be detected in other wall-less prokaryotes
      reported to contain actin-like proteins and is unrelated to eukaryotic
      cytoskeletal components. Fibrils occur in similar concentrations in helical and
      nonhelical strains of Spiroplasma citri. Proposals that fibrils are responsible
      for maintenance of helical cell shape and rotary motility are discussed in the
      light of these findings. Evidence is presented which suggests that fibrils may be
      arrayed as one or more bundles in intact cells and a consistent association of
      these structures with DNA filaments is noted. These observations are discussed in
      relation to possible models to account for the maintenance of helical morphology
      and to the segregation of chromosomes during cell division.

PMID- 6382821
TI  - Epidemiologic aspects of M. pneumoniae disease complications: a review.
AB  - As early as the 1940s, erythema multiforme exudativum (Stevens-Johnson syndrome)
      and hemolytic anemia were associated with outbreaks of atypical pneumonia, a
      disease later found to be caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Epidemiologic evidence
      has also associated neurological complications, especially aseptic meningitis and
      meningoencephalitis, with M. pneumoniae infections. Urticarial and morbilliform
      skin rashes often appear late in the course of M. pneumoniae pneumonia. A
      multitude of other complications have been ascribed to M. pneumoniae infections,
      often reported as case reports diagnosed by serologic antibody titers only. More
      systematic investigations are needed to assess the frequency of complications to
      M. pneumoniae infections. Isolation of the agent, not only serologic titer rises,
      should be required before a syndrome is attributed to M. pneumoniae infection.

PMID- 6382822
TI  - Mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory disease symposium: summation and significance.
AB  - The symposium on M. pneumoniae respiratory disease has examined the clinical
      expression of infection in adults and children, the pathophysiologic disturbances
      which occur, and the laboratory diagnosis by isolation and serology. That these
      infections are very common has been well documented; however, a variable
      incidence over periods of several years tends to minimize importance of the
      disease for many clinicians. While good laboratory diagnostic methods exist, they
      provide retrospective insight predominantly and are not useful for early
      diagnosis or therapeutic decision making. Development of rapid diagnostic methods
      which are sensitive and specific is an important goal for future research.
      Success would facilitate our understanding and control of M. pneumoniae disease.

PMID- 6382824
TI  - Spiroplasma taxonomy and identification of the sex ratio organisms: can they be
      cultivated?
AB  - The spiroplasmas that occur naturally in several species of Drosophila were the
      first spiroplasmas ever observed, even though their discoverers, D.F. Poulson and
      B. Sakaguchi, in 1961 described them as being "treponema-like spirochetes." These
      Drosophila spiroplasmas are transovarially, or maternally, transmitted by
      infected females whose progenies are composed entirely of females. A more
      recently discovered Drosophila spiroplasma found in flies originating in Ito,
      Japan, is also maternally inherited but does not result in the elimination of
      males from the progeny of infected females. In spite of their early discovery,
      their high numerical density in the hemolymph of infected females (10(6)
      10(7)/microliters), and numerous attempts at in vitro cultivation, they remain
      prime examples of non-cultivable spiroplasmas. It is the purpose of this paper to
      recount some of the approaches used in attempts at their cultivation.

PMID- 6382823
TI  - Mycoplasmal PID: a review of natural and experimental infections.
AB  - The present report is a review of data assuming an etiological relationship
      between pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and Mycoplasma hominis. Thus the
      organism can be isolated from the vagina/cervix more frequently in PID patients
      than in any other clinical group, i.e., in half to three-fourths of all such
      cases. One-fourth of PID patients develop a significant antibody response to M.
      hominis during the course of the disease. The antibody response can be detected
      by indirect hemagglutination tests. Grivet monkeys infected experimentally with
      M. hominis develop PID, predominantly parametritis; the infection seems to spread
      via lymphatics to the parametria. These animals develop a significant antibody
      response. The animals, like naturally infected women, develop a marked increase
      in the serum level of IgM. In tissue cell cultures of human fallopian tubes
      experimentally infected with M. hominis, a decrease of the mucociliary wave
      activity occurs. So far, few clinical data support an etiological role for
      Ureaplasma urealyticum in PID. In grivet monkeys, the organism does not produce
      PID.

PMID- 6382825
TI  - Characterization and taxonomic status of tick spiroplasmas: a review.
AB  - Three serologically distinct groups of spiroplasmas have been recovered from
      ticks. Spiroplasma mirum strains (from rabbit ticks, Haemaphysalis
      leporispalustris) and Y32 group (VI) spiroplasmas (from Ixodes pacificus) are the
      only spiroplasmas to have a clear association with these arthropods. Group (VI)
      spiroplasmas are distinguished by an unusual nonhelical morphology and their
      capacity to hemadsorb guinea pig erythrocytes. S. mirum strains are unique in
      their ability to induce cataracts or lethal brain infections in a number of young
      vertebrates and in their virulence for the chick embryo. The 277F spiroplasma,
      while initially recovered from a pool of rabbit ticks (H. leporispalustris), is
      related by certain serological and genetic properties to spiroplasmas in the S.
      citri complex (serogroup I). These relationships suggest that the 277F
      spiroplasma may not be a natural inhabitant of the rabbit tick.

PMID- 6382826
TI  - The aster yellows controversy: current status.
AB  - Evidence for and against the spiroplasmal etiology of aster yellows (AY) disease
      is examined. A spiroplasma, serologically identical to Spiroplasma citri, was
      cultivated by some workers from lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants claimed to be
      naturally infected with AY. The isolated spiroplasma was shown to be infectious
      by injecting Macrosteles fascifrons with the cultured organisms and then
      confining the injected leafhoppers on healthy plants. The reports claiming that a
      spiroplasma is the etiological agent of AY, however, exist only in astract form,
      and several essential questions still need to be answered to substantiate the
      claim. Evidence against the claim is based on significant differences that have
      been observed between the behavior of S. citri and the AY agent in the
      leafhoppers as well as in the plant. Also, helical organisms could not be found
      in AY-infected plants by either scanning or immunosorbent electron microscopy,
      and S. citri is serologically unrelated to the mycoplasma-like organisms found in
      AY-infected plants. These results strongly support the conclusion that the
      classical AY disease is not caused by a variant of S. citri.

PMID- 6382827
TI  - Spiroplasmas in leafhoppers: a review.
AB  - This review describes the pathway a plant pathogenic mycoplasma or spiroplasma
      takes in its passage through a leafhopper vector. Reference is made to several
      strains of spiroplasma and acholeplasma, but, in particular, data are presented
      for Spiroplasma citri and the corn stunt spiroplasma. Acquisition of the
      organisms is discussed, together with the different methods of infection (feeding
      on plants and through membranes or following injection) and the effect they have
      on the inoculum dose. The dose, together with the environmental conditions, are
      also factors which effect multiplication in both whole insects and salivary
      glands. Titers reached by the organisms in the insect are given. Pathogenic
      effects on the insects are discussed. The analogy is given of the insect acting
      as a chemostat with poor nutrition or high temperature adversely affecting the
      balance. Feeding behavior and the number of organisms ejected are two factors
      affecting transmission.

PMID- 6382828
TI  - In vitro studies of mycoplasma-like organisms.
AB  - We determined whether the western X mycoplasma (WXM) isolated from Colladonus
      montanus could be maintained in vitro by ultrathin sections or by assay of
      infectivity. Large spherical or small electron-dense bodies like those found in
      intact infected cells were observed in some media. Infectivity of WXM can be
      maintained for 28 days in cultured salivary glands in a newly developed medium,
      and for 281 days (seven passages) in modified AcTc, for 231 days (eight passages)
      in modified PC, 107 days (one passage) in spiroplasma medium, and 52 days (one
      passage) in modified GITC medium extracts. However, there is no evidence that WXM
      multiplied in any medium.

PMID- 6382829
TI  - Viruses of Spiroplasma citri and their possible effects on pathogenicity.
AB  - Strains of Spiroplasma citri are persistently infected by viruses which have been
      separated into three groups on the basis of their morphology. The properties of
      each group are reviewed. Viruses normally only appear in spiroplasma cultures but
      recently all three types of particle have been identified in cells of a single
      strain of S. citri within an infected plant. Replication of a short-tailed
      polyhedral virus SP-V3 (ai) appears to be correlated with unusually mild symptom
      expression. Introduction of the virus with its host into plants already infected
      with a severe and potentially lethal strain of S. citri results in a marked
      suppression of symptoms and a reduction in the number of spiroplasmas.

PMID- 6382830
TI  - Molecular biology of spiroplasma plasmids.
AB  - With one exception, all spiroplasma strains examined contained extrachromosomal
      DNA, most of which was in the form of covalently closed circular plasmids. One
      plasmid, pIJ2000, carried by Spiroplasma citri strain ASP-1, was purified and
      characterized and used to probe for related plasmids in other strains.
      Unsuccessful attempts were made to clone pIJ2000 into Escherichia coli using the
      vectors pAT153 and pBR322. However, spiroplasma chromosomal DNA fragments could
      be cloned without difficulty.

PMID- 6382831
TI  - Mycoplasmas and bovine respiratory disease: studies related to pathogenicity and
      the immune response--a selective review.
AB  - Three species of mycoplasma have been established as being of importance as
      causes of pneumonia in housed calves, based on pathogenicity studies and
      frequency of association with the disease. These three species are Mycoplasma
      bovis, M. dispar, and Ureaplasma diversum. M. bovis is the most pathogenic of
      these species but the disease outbreaks with which it is associated are sporadic.
      M. dispar is regularly isolated from pneumonic calves but is also found causing
      mild superficial and asymptomatic infections of the respiratory mucosa. The
      bovine ureaplasmas are serologically complex. They are distinct from ureaplasmas
      isolated from other non-ruminants by PAGE analysis, G + C content of DNA, and
      serology. A second species within the genus ureaplasma has been proposed to
      accommodate the bovine ureaplasmas, U. diversum. Control of mycoplasma
      respiratory infections of cattle based on immunization might be possible. Calves
      have been immunized against M. bovis and immunity has been related to antibody in
      the lung. M. dispar appears less immunogenic in calves than M. bovis and this may
      contribute to its pathogenicity.

PMID- 6382832
TI  - The Emmy Klieneberger-Nobel Award lecture. Reflections on recovery of some
      fastidious mollicutes with implications of the changing host patterns of these
      organisms.
AB  - Major advances have occurred the past few years in the cultivation of a number of
      new, fastidious mollicutes--events which can be traced directly to successful
      efforts to develop culture media for the expanding group of helical mollicutes
      (spiroplasmas) inhabiting plants and arthropods. A description of cultivation
      techniques successful in primary isolation of three unusual mollicutes,
      representing new mycoplasmas from man and animals and a new spiroplasma from
      ticks, emphasizes some important factors in recovery of wall-less prokaryotes
      with special cultural requirements. Vigorous efforts to understand the
      distribution of spiroplasmas in plant and insect hosts also led to the
      cultivation of new, non-helical mollicutes. Preliminary characterization of a
      number of these new agents offers strong evidence for a unique and distinct
      Acholeplasma and Mycoplasma flora of both plants and insects.

PMID- 6382833
TI  - Gastrointestinal bleeding in the pediatric patient.
AB  - Gastrointestinal hemorrhage in infants and children is a catastrophic event but
      is not associated with significant mortality except in those with a severe
      primary illness. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in infants and young children is
      most often associated with stress ulcers or erosions, but in older children it
      may also be caused by duodenal ulcer, esophagitis, and esophageal varices. Lower
      gastrointestinal bleeding may be caused by a variety of lesions among which are
      infectious colitides, Meckel's diverticulum, bleeding disorders, gastrointestinal
      allergy, and inflammatory bowel disease. Techniques of diagnosis and management
      are discussed.

PMID- 6382834
TI  - Acute pancreatitis in infants and children.
AB  - Acute pancreatitis is being encountered more often in children due to
      antimetabolite therapy, accidental injury, and traumatic battering. Pancreatitis
      may occur in the absence of traditionally elevated serum amylase and lipase, and
      initial diagnosis may depend upon ultrasonography. Traditional therapy of enteric
      rest with nasogastric suction has been supported by the use of parenteral
      nutrition. Newer pharmaceutical agents have been ineffective in altering the
      course of the illness or in preventing complications of pseudocyst or abscess.

PMID- 6382835
TI  - Nosocomial infections in the pediatric intensive care unit.
AB  - Nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections are a major complication of serious
      illnesses. Severely ill patients have a greater risk of acquiring nosocomial
      infections, so this problem is greatest in intensive care units. Studies have
      demonstrated that nosocomial infections are largely preventable. Adherence to
      recommended techniques for patient care will have the greatest benefit in the
      intensive care unit. In this paper the background epidemiology of nosocomial
      infections is reviewed and related to pediatrics and intensive care units. Types
      of diseases, assistance equipment, and monitoring devices which are associated
      with a high risk of nosocomial infections are emphasized and specific steps for
      lowering this risk are listed.

PMID- 6382837
TI  - Optimization of near ultraviolet irradiation conditions for isolation of relaxed
      mutants of Escherichia coli.
AB  - We describe optimized conditions for isolation of relaxed mutants of bacteria
      with 4-thiouridine-containing tRNAs. The results presented here imply that
      besides the knowledge of the action spectra for near UV-induced growth inhibition
      of stringent and relaxed cells the fluence--fluence rate dependence of growth
      inhibition is an essential factor for optimizing the enrichment of relaxed
      mutants. We investigated systematically the dependence of growth inhibition of
      both stringent and relaxed strains of E. coli on the wavelength lambda, on the
      fluence F and on the fluence rate I within the ranges lambda = 301-365 nm, F = 0
      48 kJ X m-2 and I = 0-60 W X m-2. The optimized conditions for selection of
      relaxed mutants of E. coli are lambda = 334 nm, F = 48 kJ X m-2 and I = 60 W X m
      2. These optimized parameters determined for E. coli may be used in general to
      select relaxed mutants of other bacterial species by combining the turbidostat
      technique with near UV irradiation (Riesenberg et al. 1983).

PMID- 6382838
TI  - [Current importance of physical methods in the prevention of thrombosis in
      clinical practice--a critical evaluation].

PMID- 6382840
TI  - [Can discrepancies between physiologic and subjective data as indicators of
      individual anxiety be used?].

PMID- 6382841
TI  - Nickel: a review of its occupational and environmental toxicology.

PMID- 6382839
TI  - [Vitamin A and the ear. Review of the literature].
AB  - Since the first characterization and description of vitamin A this is used in
      otolaryngologic therapy for different forms of hearing disorders, and its
      relation to the inner ear is subject of investigation. Animal experiments and
      clinical studies were done to clarify the significance of vitamin A for the
      function of hearing. Besides this there were a lot of observations describing
      correlations between vitamin A metabolism and hearing loss. Recent investigations
      showed that vitamin A is present in high concentrations in the inner ear and
      stored there. Morphological experiments revealed different and in some way
      contradictory results, but they showed that vitamin A seems to be essential for
      inner-ear morphogenesis.

PMID- 6382843
TI  - [Medico-historical topography and its significance in the continuation of
      progressive traditions in the field of public health].

PMID- 6382842
TI  - [Current aspects of the fluorine problem--an overview].

PMID- 6382844
TI  - [Ilia Ilich Metchnikoff--founder of the theory of cell-mediated immunity].

PMID- 6382836
TI  - Hematologic and oncologic complications in the critically ill child.
AB  - Admission of a patient to an intensive care unit for management of direct
      consequences of a hematologic or oncologic disease is occasionally necessary.
      Such problems included exchange transfusion, sepsis, compression of vital
      structures by malignant tumor, metabolic derangements, leukostasis, post
      operative care, major sickling episodes in vital organs, and disseminated
      coagulopathy. More often, however, hematologic complications arise in the child
      critically ill from other causes, such as trauma or infections. The first two
      sections of this review address blood transfusion and hemostasis, topics likely
      to have wide application in the care of critically ill children. The last portion
      discusses problems unique to patients with sickling or malignant disease.

PMID- 6382845
TI  - [Immunohistochemical localization of human chorionic gonadotropin and human
      placental lactogen in placentas of various ages].
AB  - By means of the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase reaction it was possible to identify
      HCG and HPL in placentas between the 6th and 40th weeks in the
      syncytiotrophoblast, though not in the cytotrophoblast, the villous stroma or in
      vascular endothelia. A cytophotometric extinction measurement at 425 nm revealed
      a strong reaction intensity for HCG during the first trimester, a reduction to
      half this value in the second and further reduction in term placentas. In the 6th
      and 10th weeks of pregnancy only low quantities of HPL were demonstrable; the
      amount increased in the second trimester, attaining a maximum in the 24th week.
      In the third trimester the reaction intensity also decreased for HPL.
      Irrespective of the gestational age the identification decreased in the
      syncytiotrophoblast for both hormones in the following order; proliferation buds,
      necleated portions of epithelium, non-nucleated epithelial squamae,
      syncytiocapillary membranes, epithelium in cases with fibrosis of the villous
      stroma, epithelial nodes with nuclear pyknosis.

PMID- 6382846
TI  - [Effect of pregnancy on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of the mother--I.
      Kinetics of various parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and of
      various hormones as a function of the length of pregnancy].
AB  - Numerous factors influence fetal weight increase and growth. To permit a
      discussion of biochemical influences on fetal growth, maternal substrates and
      hormones which influence lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were measured and
      their relationships were analyzed. In 173 patients the following substrates were
      measured between the 8th and 40th week of pregnancy: glucose in whole blood and
      urine, glycerin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, free cholesterol and the
      hormones HGH, HPRL, HPL, IRI and estriol (E3). A group of nonpregnant and a group
      of recently delivered women served as controls. The glucose concentration in the
      whole blood of the mother diminished during pregnancy from 88.3 mg/100 ml to 77.4
      mg/100 ml (2 alpha less than 0.05, r = 0.47, n = 77). It was still below the
      value for the non-pregnant controls post partum (63.6 mg/100 ml as compared to
      92.3 mg/100 ml). Glucosuria increased during pregnancy, reaching a maximum in the
      second trimester. The glycerin concentration was unchanged during pregnancy. As
      with the post-partial group (0.53 mg/100 ml) the values were lower than those for
      the non-pregnant control group (1.14 mg/100 ml). The triglyceride concentration
      increased during pregnancy from 90.3 mg/100 ml to 179.7 mg/100 ml (2 alpha less
      than 0.00004, r = 0.6, n = 29). In the second and third trimesters (162.9 mg/100
      ml, 179.7 mg/100 ml) and post partum (162.3 mg/100 ml) the values were higher
      than that for the non-pregnant controls (101.5 mg/100 ml). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6382847
TI  - [Antibody chimeras in enzyme immunoassays].

PMID- 6382848
TI  - Scanning electron microscopic studies of Trypanosoma cruzi in the rectum of its
      vector Triatoma infestans.
AB  - The cuticular surface of the rectum of Triatoma infestans and its colonization by
      a Trypanosoma cruzi strain originating from the same locality as the bugs were
      studied by scanning electron microscopy at different weeks post infectionem. On
      the basis of the cuticular folding, the rectum can be subdivided into five
      regions. The rectal gland has the finest structure and the region anterior to the
      anus the deepest folds. Try. cruzi always prefers to colonize the rectal gland,
      while the other regions are colonized in varying densities. Most of the
      flagellates are epimastigotes (long and short), except in the region at the
      entrance of the midgut, where trypomastigotes predominate.

PMID- 6382850
TI  - [Advances in radiology of the locomotor system].

PMID- 6382849
TI  - Presence of Schistosoma mansoni antigens in liver, spleen and kidney of infected
      mice: a sequential study.
AB  - In the present study the kinetics of the uptake and deposition of Schistosoma
      mansoni antigens in liver, spleen and kidney of S. mansoni infected Swiss mice
      have been investigated in relation to duration of infection and infection dose
      (50, 100, 200 cercariae). The presence of antigen was studied with a direct
      immunofluorescence reaction on frozen sections of the organs, using a number of
      fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled antisera produced against various
      antigen preparations isolated from different life-cycle stages of the parasite.
      The presence of antigen was demonstrable with two of the antisera, directed
      against the circulating anodic antigen (CAA) and against total soluble egg
      antigen (SEA). CAA was demonstrable from 1 week post infection (p.i.) onwards in
      Kupffer cells in the liver, from 2-3 weeks p.i. onwards in macrophages in the
      marginal zones in the spleen and from 3 weeks onwards in kidney glomeruli.
      Immunofluorescence reactions on CAA in kidney glomeruli, however, were only weak
      positive until 12 weeks p.i., whereafter strong positive reactions were found.
      SEA was demonstrable from 5 weeks p.i. onwards in Kupffer cells in the liver and
      from 4 weeks p.i. onwards in macrophages of the spleen. In contrast to CAA, SEA
      was not detectable in kidney glomeruli.

PMID- 6382851
TI  - [Platon Grigor'evich Kostiuk. On his 60th birthday].

PMID- 6382853
TI  - The Virginia resin bonded bridge: a restoration materials report.

PMID- 6382852
TI  - [Nonspecific body reactivity and individual radiosensitivity].

PMID- 6382854
TI  - Membership directory of the Medical Society of Virginia.

PMID- 6382856
TI  - [Genogeography of hereditary metabolic diseases in the USSR].

PMID- 6382855
TI  - [Concept of the adaptive norm for populations and the problem of outbreeding].

PMID- 6382858
TI  - [Combined action of polyene antibiotics and biologically active substances on C.
      albicans].

PMID- 6382857
TI  - [Pathology of the glycocalyx--possible cause of bullous and cicatricial
      pemphigoid].

PMID- 6382860
TI  - [Ichthyosiform erythroderma successfully treated with an aromatic retinoid].

PMID- 6382859
TI  - [Combined examination and treatment of neurodermatitis patients].

PMID- 6382861
TI  - [History of research in the field of Russian venereology (19th century)].

PMID- 6382862
TI  - [Consciousness and unconsciousness as a problem of the physiology of human higher
      nervous activity].

PMID- 6382863
TI  - The treatment of tibial diaphysial bone defects in adults.

PMID- 6382864
TI  - [Effect of a bonding agent on the marginal fit of composite resin restorations].

PMID- 6382865
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopy studies of the morphology of 2 cavity liners. 1.
      The amalgam joint].

PMID- 6382866
TI  - [New knowledge from longitudinal studies in area of dental prosthetics].

PMID- 6382867
TI  - [Light-weight metallo-ceramic technic--trial of the Inzoma system].

PMID- 6382869
TI  - Plasma levels of glucagon, insulin, glucose and free fatty acids in rabbits
      during laboratory handling procedures.

PMID- 6382868
TI  - [Effect of plasmapheresis treatment on immunoglobulin and immune complex levels
      in patients following kidney transplantation].
AB  - Five patients who received cadaver kidneys between May 1982 and January 1983 in
      the Kidney Transplant Centre in Berlin were subjected to two plasmapheresis (=
      pph.) treatments in addition to basic immunosuppression with Prednisolone and
      Azathioprine. The decision to use pph. was due to the presence of donor-specific,
      complement-dependent lymphocytotoxic antibodies (51Cr release test) in the
      recipient's serum taken immediately before transplantation. The 1st pph. was
      carried out on the 1st or 2nd day after operation and the 2nd pph. between the
      2nd and 4th day. The quantity of plasma exchanged was between 1.6 and 3.1 1 per
      pph. Four of the five transplants commenced functioning after 12 to 47 days, and
      one transplant had to be removed. Frequent measurement of the immunoglobulin and
      immune-complex levels in the serum revealed drastic reduction due to pph. The
      concentration of immunoglobulin (G, A, M) was reduced by 42-55% after the 1st
      pph. and by 20-35% after the 2nd. Whereas the IgM level was normalized after a
      few days, the levels of IgG and IgA only rose again 2-4 weeks later. The
      immunodeficiency induced by means of pph. and immunosuppression is accompanied by
      an increased risk of infection. It is therefore considered important that an
      adequate anti-infectious treatment including i. v. human gammaglobulin be
      administered parallel to pph. The final evaluation of the efficacy of pph. in
      protecting transplants will depend on further studies.

PMID- 6382870
TI  - [Calais family of Hamburg has been in dental practice for 175 years].

PMID- 6382871
TI  - [Endodontic surgery: indications, technic, results].

PMID- 6382872
TI  - [Therapy of infected mandibular fracture defects].

PMID- 6382873
TI  - [Single-component impressions from the clinical viewpoint. Contribution on
      rational impressions for prepared teeth].

PMID- 6382874
TI  - [Materials to cement crown and bridge prostheses. Experimental status
      determination].

PMID- 6382875
TI  - [Our surgical heritage. Guillaume Dupuytren (1777-1835)].

PMID- 6382876
TI  - [Our surgical heritage. Carl Ferdinand von Graefe (1787-1840)].

PMID- 6382877
TI  - [Rapid counting of bacteria isolated from cattle, swine and sheep carcasses using
      the resazurin method].
AB  - A rapid counting method has been used to estimate the microbial flora of beef,
      pork and sheep. The test used in this study permitted a 3 h counting of the
      bacteria whatever their origin. The easiness of the test makes it feasible for
      the appreciation of the hygienic conditions existing during the slaughtering
      operations.

PMID- 6382878
TI  - Evaluation of the ELISA as tool in diagnosing Clostridium perfringens
      enterotoxins.
AB  - Detecting Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) using the enzyme linked
      linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was evaluated as a tool for diagnosing
      enterotoxicosis caused by C. perfringens. This method was assessed using a number
      of different food poisoning outbreaks with possible C. perfringens associations.
      CPE can easily be detected in faeces of patients involved in food-borne disease
      caused by C. perfringens. In stools of patients with diarrhoea 0.01-10
      micrograms/g of CPE is detectable, however not all samples examined are found to
      contain CPE. CPE in faeces maintains its immunological stability over a long
      period (greater than 20 days at room temperature) enabling samples to be stored
      for some time before assay. The ELISA technique is also useful for the detection
      of CPE in culture fluids of C. perfringens strains isolated from faeces and from
      any remaining food considered to have caused the food poisoning outbreak.
      Detection of CPE in stools combined with testing for CPE production in C.
      perfringens strains isolated both from faeces and from the suspect food seems to
      give good evidence linking a food-borne disease outbreak with C. perfringens.

PMID- 6382879
TI  - [E. coli infections in premature and newborn infants].

PMID- 6382880
TI  - [Current status of streptococcus B infections].

PMID- 6382881
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of neonatal streptococcus B infections].

PMID- 6382882
TI  - Prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal infections in infants by using
      immunobiologic methods.

PMID- 6382883
TI  - [Gynecology and obstetrics in Shakespeare].

PMID- 6382884
TI  - Ultrastructural glomerular alterations in experimentally induced neurotoxin shock
      in rats.

PMID- 6382885
TI  - [Homovanillic acid content in the cerebrospinal fluid as an index of dopamine
      cerebral metabolism before and after a stereotaxic operation in patients with
      extrapyramidal hyperkinetic syndromes].
AB  - The level of homovanillic acid (HVA) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as an
      indicator of the cerebral metabolism of dopamine was examined prior to and after
      the stereotaxic operation on the basal ganglia in 13 patients with extrapyramidal
      hyperkinetic syndromes. The HVA levels in the lumbar CSF decreased significantly
      (P less than 0.01) following the operation. The data obtained suggest that a
      decrease in the activity of the central dopaminergic systems secondary to the
      destruction of the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus affects the biochemical
      mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of stereotaxic operations on
      extrapyramidal hyperkineses. A possible relationship of the ventrolateral nucleus
      of the thalamus with dopaminergic and other neurotransmitter systems involved in
      the regulation of extrapyramidal motor functions is discussed. The findings
      obtained are important for the understanding of the role of the dopaminergic
      systems in the pathogenesis of extrapyramidal hyperkinetic syndromes and for the
      identification of the biochemical mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of
      stereotaxic operations.

PMID- 6382886
TI  - [Stenosing dissections (dissecting aneurysms) of the major arteries of the brain;
      their etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis (a review)].

PMID- 6382887
TI  - Randomized prospective trial of cimetidine in the treatment of acute upper
      gastrointestinal haemorrhage.
AB  - A prospective, double-blind randomized trial was carried out in order to assess
      if cimetidine treatment can control the gastrointestinal haemorrhage stemming
      from acute mucosal lesions (acute ulcers and erosions) of 33 bleeding patients
      treated with cimetidine. GI haemorrhage has been controlled in 32 (97%) cases
      while placebo treatment of 32 patients proved to be successful in 15 (47%) cases.
      The difference proved to be statistically significant. It is concluded that
      patients bleeding from acute mucosal lesions might be successfully treated with
      cimetidine.

PMID- 6382888
TI  - Viral examinations in malignant tumours of the urogenital system.
AB  - Various tumours of the urogenital system were investigated to elucidate the virus
      tumour link. Out of 105 tumours, virus antigens were found in 57 cases by the
      immunofluorescent method--mainly with serum raised against oncogenic adenovirus
      type 12. Virus antigens were also present in peripheral lymphocytes of several
      patients. Occasionally, adeno-, herpes- and C-type virus particles were revealed
      electron microscopically. Antiviral antibodies were often shown in the patient'
      sera and in higher titres especially against adenovirus type 12 early non-virion
      antigens. Herpesvirus antigens were found in 6 cases of 40 controls with
      hypertrophy of the prostate, and in 2 cases of 15 non-tumorous specimens.

PMID- 6382889
TI  - [Cardiac transplantation].

PMID- 6382890
TI  - [Importance of the Limberg triple flap in the surgical treatment of cancer of the
      breast in the male].
AB  - Two cases of male breast cancer are presented. The patients underwent a modified
      radical mastectomy with immediate closure of the defect using a triple L-shaped
      transposition flap. We briefly recall the behaviour of these tumors and the
      applied surgical principles to define better the value of this plastic procedure.
      A variety of surgical plastic techniques are described and compared. The triple L
      shaped Limberg flap, very well adapted to the treatment of male breast cancer, is
      described in detail. The results are gratifying both from the plastic and
      cancerologic view-point.

PMID- 6382891
TI  - [History of the development of footwear and its basic terminology].

PMID- 6382892
TI  - Duration of residual B-cell function in maturity-onset diabetes.
AB  - In order to evaluate factors influencing the duration of residual B-cell function
      in maturity-onset diabetics we investigated 104 patients (age 60 +/- 11 years)
      with a mean duration of disease of 11.3 +/- 8.7 years by measuring fasting C
      peptide (FCP) and fasting blood glucose levels (FBG), C-peptide increment after a
      standardized breakfast and both mean diurnal plasma glucose (MBG) and mean
      diurnal C-peptide levels (MCP). C-peptide levels were found to be reciprocally
      dependent on both the age at onset (positively) and, conversely, on the duration
      of diabetes (y = 0.75 + 0.026x1-0.049x2; R = 0.52, t1 = 2.76, t2 = -4.08). In
      particular, the present B-cell secretory capacity appears to be lower the younger
      the patients were at onset, thus suggesting that inherent impairment of B-cell
      capacity may play a crucial role in determining age at onset of type II diabetes
      and thus the duration of their residual B-cell function. Moreover, by analyzing
      separately the data from patients treated with insulin and oral agents
      respectively, we found that the influence of the duration of the disease on the
      rate on B-cell exhaustion is unrelated to the mode of treatment even though B
      cell capacity at onset appears to be more severely reduced in insulin-treated
      subjects who, apart from anything else, were younger at onset.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6382893
TI  - Chronic effects of gastroduodenal surgery on glucose and insulin response to oral
      glucose tolerance test in a population study.
AB  - Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results were compared between 4,667 middle
      aged males attending a preventive medical screening and intervention program in
      Malmo and the subjects in this sample who reported a history of previous
      operation for gastric or duodenal ulcer (n = 158, or 3.4%). 76% of the operated
      subjects were smokers in comparison with 50% in the general cohort of males of
      the same age. The glucose and insulin responses in the OGTT in both the smoking
      and non-smoking operated cases showed higher early peak values and a subsequent
      rapid drop of the levels with lower 120-min values of both glucose and insulin
      compared to the average screening cohort. This type of response to an oral
      glucose load had previously been well known in the acute and immediate
      postoperative stages of gastric and duodenal resection, but it had not been shown
      before that it seems to be a permanent effect and may chronically influence the
      results of OGTTs in the population. Gastro-duodenal surgery should be included
      among the factors which may significantly affect the chronic results and thereby
      also the clinical interpretation of the OGTTs in the population.

PMID- 6382894
TI  - Improvement of hyperinsulinemic diabetes following removal of a meningioma in
      Werner's syndrome. A case report.
AB  - A significant improvement of hyperinsulinemic diabetes was observed in a patient
      with Werner's syndrome after the removal of a large parasagittal meningioma. To
      our knowledge this is the second case reported in the literature. The possible
      relationship between meningioma and diabetes in Werner's syndrome is discussed.

PMID- 6382895
TI  - Body size parallels insulin-like growth factor I levels but not growth hormone
      secretory capacity.
AB  - The relationships between body size, growth hormone (GH) secretory capacity and
      circulating insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) levels were studied in
      genetically-determined subgroups of disparate size within one breed of dogs, the
      Poodle. Standard (large) Poodles exhibited six times the mean plasma IGF I
      concentration found in Toy Poodles. The mean IGF I level found in Standard
      Poodles significantly differed from the one found in Miniature and Toy Poodles (P
      less than 0.001). The correlation between circulating IGF I levels and body size
      was found to be highly significant (P less than 0.001; r = 0.88). All dogs
      secreted similar, normal amounts of GH in response to clonidine administration.
      The results show that body weight is correlated with IGF I levels rather than
      with the GH secretory capacity, thus providing indirect evidence for IGF I as an
      important in vivo growth-promoting principle.

PMID- 6382896
TI  - The distribution of immunoglobulin-containing cells in human autoimmune
      thyroiditis.
AB  - The peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) staining method was used to identify
      immunoglobulin-containing cells in the lymphoid infiltrates of thyroids removed
      from patients with Hashimoto's autoimmune thyroiditis. A composite picture of the
      distribution of such cells in the thyroid infiltrate was obtained by carefully
      superimposing cell-distribution maps from serial histological sections, each
      stained for a different immunoglobulin class. Ig-containing cells were present to
      varying extents in all areas of the gland, but were most dense in areas of
      epithelial 'invasion'. IgG was the commonest immunoglobulin, but there were more
      cells containing IgD and IgE than IgA or IgM. Both lambda and K light chains were
      identified in cells occupying the follicle centres. Lymphoid follicle structure
      was strikingly similar to that described previously for gut-associated lymphoid
      tissue (GALT), and the theory is advanced that autoimmune thyroiditis represents
      a form of ectopic GALT in which B-cells, which normally home on markers in the
      gut, are attracted instead to antigenically active sites in the thyroid.

PMID- 6382897
TI  - Factors influencing beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity in patients with
      type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes.
AB  - This study was designed to evaluate the influence of age, duration of diabetes,
      relative body weight and glycaemic control on beta-cell function and insulin
      sensitivity in 250 patients with onset of nonketotic diabetes between the age of
      35 and 70 years (Type 2 diabetes). Beta-cell function was assessed by measuring
      serum C-peptide concentrations after 1 mg of glucagon iv. It was not influenced
      by age, age at onset of diabetes nor by the duration of the disease. This
      suggests that progressive deterioration of beta-cell function with time is not a
      consistent finding in Type 2 diabetes. Insulin sensitivity, measured as the
      glucose disappearance rate, KITT, in response to iv-insulin, was not
      significantly influenced by age or age at onset, but decreased consistently with
      the duration of the disease (P less than 0.001). Beta-cell function was not
      correlated to fasting blood glucose and HbA1 concentrations. In contrast, there
      was a strong inverse relationship between glycaemic control and insulin
      sensitivity (P less than 0.001) indicating that decreased insulin sensitivity
      contributes to poor glycaemic control in these patients. Attempts to improve
      glycaemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes should therefore include means
      to improve insulin sensitivity.

PMID- 6382898
TI  - Immunohistochemical demonstration of relaxin in the placenta after removal of the
      corpus luteum.
AB  - We studied the occurrence of relaxin in the term placenta from a woman who had
      normal pregnancy after her corpus luteum had been removed at the beginning of the
      second trimester. Two antisera (antiserum R6 and anti-NIH-RXN-P1. 3000 U/mg)
      against highly purified porcine relaxin and the avidin-biotinylated anti-rabbit
      IgG method were used to detect relaxin-like immunoactivity. Specific staining for
      relaxin was seen in the placental syncytiotrophoblasts. Comparison to a placenta
      from a normal term delivery revealed no differences in the intensity or
      distribution of staining. Our case substantiates that the corpus luteum is not
      the only tissue producing relaxin during pregnancy.

PMID- 6382899
TI  - A rare case of absence of vagina with the presence of functioning uterus:
      surgical treatment.
AB  - A rare case of absence of vagina in presence of a functioning uterus is reported.
      The surgical treatment--McIndoe's operation--has permitted to obtain an
      artificial vagina connected to the uterine cavity.

PMID- 6382900
TI  - H-2 dependent differential course of experimental Plasmodium berghei infections.

PMID- 6382901
TI  - [Allogeneic reaction in bone marrow chimeras].

PMID- 6382902
TI  - [Computer-assisted diagnosis and its application in pancreatic diseases].
AB  - The medical expert system CADIAC-2 based on fuzzy logic supports diagnostic
      decisions in the field of internal medicine. A medical knowledge base contains
      nosological descriptions of diseases. Given patient data, diagnostic decisions
      are made on the basis of the medical knowledge stored. Reasonings for the
      established diagnoses or diagnostic hypotheses are presented as well as plans for
      further examinations on the patient. Unexplained symptoms, signs or test results
      are also indicated. The usefulness of CADIAC-2 is demonstrated in a case study
      involving 38 patients with various pancreating diseases.

PMID- 6382903
TI  - [Insulin receptor and postreceptor disorders: significance for the development
      and therapy of carbohydrate metabolic disorders].
AB  - The last decade has witnessed an explosion in our knowledge of the role of
      hormonal and neurotransmitter receptors in biological processes. The
      understanding gained of the interaction of insulin with its receptor has led to
      the recognition of receptor and postreceptor defects in various insulin resistant
      states. The purpose of this review is to summarize the actual state of knowledge
      concerning physiology and pathophysiology of insulin receptors and to relate
      these data to the role of insulin resistance in various pathological and non
      physiological states. In addition, postreceptor abnormalities in a variety of
      disorders are reviewed. A number of possibilities for therapeutic intervention in
      insulin resistant states according to the specific underlying mechanism are
      described.

PMID- 6382904
TI  - [Serum ferritin--its diagnostic relevance and clinical significance].
AB  - The introduction of a WHO Standard for serumferritin effected a standardisation
      of different methods, improving quality and security for clinical routine
      diagnostic purposes. Therefore the clinical evaluation of serumferritin gained
      even more importance. For Evaluation of iron stores of children, pregnant women,
      population studies, patients on hemodialysis or patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis low serumferritin values give safe results. In addition serumferritin
      is of clinical usefulness in monitoring therapy of both iron deficiency and iron
      overload. Evaluating a single serumferritin value one should consider the total
      clinical situation of the patient. As some tumors can produce and secrete
      serumferritin, e. g. acute myeloblastic leukemia, germ cell tumors, malignant
      melanoma, serumferritin might be helpful in monitoring the malignant disease. The
      ongoing characterization of tissue isoferritin, especially acidic isoferritin,
      may eventually lead to a clinically significant diagnostic marker of neoplasia.

PMID- 6382905
TI  - [Diagnosis of syncopes in suspected arrhythmias].
AB  - Several mechanisms lead to attacks with unsuspected sudden and intermittent loss
      of consciousness. A major cause for such syncopes are arrhythmias. Only in rare
      cases it is possible to register an ECG during a typical attack despite many
      newer methods as long-term ECG (LT-ECG), exercise stress test and
      electrophysiologic investigations. LT-ECG does not record the ECG only during
      symptomatic periods (syncopes, dizziness, palpitations etc), but also registers
      asymptomatic AR, which can be precursors of SY. Carotid sinus massage is a
      valuable tool for the detection of a cardio-inhibitory Carotid-Sinus-Syndrome,
      which can be treated with PM-implantation. Exercise stress testing induces
      ventricular arrhythmias, which also indicates AR as underlying cause for SY.
      Using the invasive electrophysiologic investigation methods the importance
      measuring supraventricular parameters (SNRT, SA-, AH-interval) or parameters of
      the AV-nodal conduction (AH-, HV-interval) decreased in contrast to the
      ventricular stimulation techniques. With these invasive procedures ventricular
      tachycardias, ventricular flutter or fibrillation can be induced in selected
      patients, which indicates also a possible arrhythmogenic substrate for SY. In a
      suspected arrhythmogenic genesis of SY it has to be recommended to perform LT
      ECG, carotid sinus massage, exercise stress testing and -- in selected patients -
      electrophysiological investigations in addition to the routine-ECG to exclude or
      confirm arrhythmias as possible substrate for SY.

PMID- 6382906
TI  - Immuno-electron-microscopic localization of complements in amyloid fibrils of
      senile plaques.
AB  - The presence of components of immunoglobulins (Ishii et al. 1975) and complements
      (Eikelenboom and Stam 1982) in senile plaques suggests that the immunologic
      mechanisms are involved in the causation of pathologic processes in the brain of
      patients with Alzheimer's disease. Senile plaques consists of amyloid degenerated
      neuritis and glia, and exact localization of complements among these tissue
      elements will provide an important clue to the pathogenesis of the Alzheimer
      brain. This report deals with light- and electron-microscopic localization of
      complements in amyloid fibrils of senile plaques by immunoperoxidase
      histochemistry. The presence of C1q, C4, and C3 is confirmed light
      microscopically. At the ultrastructural level, anti-complement C1q, C4, and C3
      peroxidase reaction products are exclusively localized on the amyloid fibrils,
      but no other tissue elements, such as normal or degenerated neurites,
      neurofibrillary tangles, or glia. The results indicate the presence of immune
      complex in amyloid fibrils of senile plaques, and little association of
      complements in senile plaques with neurofilament protein.

PMID- 6382907
TI  - Experimental transmission of human subacute spongiform encephalopathy to small
      rodents. IV. Positive transmission from a typical case of Gerstmann-Straussler
      Scheinker's disease.
AB  - Spongiform encephalopathy was transmitted to mice from a patient belonging to the
      "Sch" family with Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker's disease (GSS). Incubation
      periods in the first passage were much shorter than those in mice infected with
      Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Clinical and pathologic findings of mice infected with
      both diseases were almost identical. This is the first successful transmission
      from a typical GSS case without severe spongiform change which suggests the
      possible transmissible nature of this disorder.

PMID- 6382908
TI  - The use of semiautomatic morphometry in the study of normal rat gastrocnemius
      muscle fibers.
AB  - Based on a fixed number of EM photomicrographs, a semiautomatic image analysis is
      made of normal gastrocnemius muscle fibers to obtain reference values for
      comparison with pathologic data. Z disc, mitochondria, tubular system, and
      sarcoplasmic reticulum are measured. It is stated that no definite fiber type
      differentiation is possible based on these quantitative data. However,
      measurements of Z disc and mitochondria are suggestive of such a differentiation.
      On the other hand, all data reach a Gaussian distribution on a logarithmic scale
      after a 5% correction factor is introduced.

PMID- 6382909
TI  - On direct currents and bone formation in demineralized bone transplants.
AB  - The effect of direct current on the remineralization of a bone defect was studied
      in the rabbit. Bone defects in the radius of both forelegs were grafted with
      demineralized autologous bone. On both sides platinum electrodes were placed
      around the graft, and one side was connected to a power source delivering 20
      microA constant current during the experimental period of 28 days. The
      remineralization was evaluated 14 and 28 days after operation by scintigraphy and
      roentgenography, planimetry included. At 28 days after operation this evaluation
      was supplemented by autoradiography. Roentgenographically, there was no
      difference between the two sides. At 14 days after operation scintigraphy
      demonstrated a minor delay in bone formation at the electrostimulated side.
      Between 14 and 28 days a significant increase in activity was noticed. On both
      sides, autoradiograms showed areas without uptake around the wires. It was
      concluded that direct currents of the studied magnitude have a negative influence
      on the primary bone induction process but also that it seems to influence the
      mineralization positively later in the bone-forming process.

PMID- 6382910
TI  - Effect of fluoride-containing alginates and gels on the acid resistance of
      demineralized human enamel.
AB  - A series of in vitro studies were carried out to determine the effect of
      commerically available alginate impression materials and gels on enamel
      solubility. This was performed by 4-min topical application of the tested
      products on partially demineralized enamel surfaces. The difference in the
      amounts of calcium and phosphorus dissolved in acetate buffer before and after
      topical treatment was considered a measure of the reduction in enamel solubility.
      All topically applied materials except APF-gel (Gelution) exerted a considerable
      reduction in enamel solubility ranging between 41.4% and 61.5% in 0.2 M acetate
      buffer. Successive enamel solubility tests in weak acetate buffer (0.01 M) showed
      that Gelution was inferior to the other tested products. No simple relationship
      exists between the fluoride content of these products and their antisolubility
      effect.

PMID- 6382911
TI  - [Augmentation of the edentulous maxillary alveolar ridge using an
      osteofibromucosal flap].

PMID- 6382912
TI  - [Dental periodical publications in Venezuela (I)].

PMID- 6382913
TI  - [Dental and dermatological diseases of the Liberator (Simon Bolivar)].

PMID- 6382914
TI  - [Historical sketch of the Pan American Periodontal Association].

PMID- 6382915
TI  - [Hugues Planque, Venezuelan dental pioneer].

PMID- 6382916
TI  - [Dental periodical publications in Venezuela (II)].

PMID- 6382918
TI  - The Nobel Prize Award to Robert Barany--a controversial decision?

PMID- 6382917
TI  - [Acetabular fractures. Intra-articular reconstruction by spongy bone grafts].

PMID- 6382919
TI  - Internuclear fiber connections of vestibular nuclear complex. A horseradish
      peroxidase study.
AB  - Internuclear fiber connections among the superior (SVN), lateral (LVN), medial
      (MVN) and descending (DVN) vestibular nuclei were examined in cats using
      retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). HRP was
      microiontophoretically applied in the respective vestibular nucleus at doses of
      300-500 nA for 5-10 min, and with the treatment the HRP injection site was
      limited to 0.2-0.5 mm in diameter within the nucleus. Major commissural
      connections were found between the bilateral SVN and between the bilateral DVN.
      Minor commissural connections were observed from MVN to SVN, LVN and MVN, from
      DVN to LVN, and from LVN to the contralateral LVN. In the ipsilateral vestibular
      nuclei, fiber connections were found from LVN to SVN, from MVN to SVN, LVN and
      DVN, and from DVN to SVN and LVN.

PMID- 6382921
TI  - Excitatory and inhibitory influences on the spinal cord during vestibular and
      neck reflexes.

PMID- 6382920
TI  - Blood levels of glucose and insulin in Meniere's disease.
AB  - It has been reported that a very commonly overlooked cause of vertigo is disorder
      of glucose metabolism. This may not be reflected in the glucose tolerance test
      alone, but becomes obvious when the insulin levels in blood are evaluated
      simultaneously. Thirty-one patients with Meniere's disease underwent a 5-hour
      glucose tolerance test with radioimmune assay of insulin. The results were
      compared with the normal and abnormal patterns suggested by Kraft. On this basis,
      it was found that 67.7% of our patients showed some abnormality in the
      relationship between the blood levels of glucose and insulin. These patients were
      put on a special diet with a limited carbohydrated content prescribed by a
      qualified dietitian. The effect of this diet was highly variable and the possible
      reasons for this are also discussed.

PMID- 6382922
TI  - Vestibular compensation. An overview.

PMID- 6382923
TI  - Influence of the sympatho-adrenal system on some metabolic and hormonal responses
      to exercise in the rat with special reference to the effect on glycogenolysis in
      skeletal muscle.

PMID- 6382924
TI  - Relationship between PGE2 and renin release in dog kidneys. Effects of afferent
      arteriolar dilation and adrenergic stimulation.
AB  - To study the relationship between PGE2 and renin release from the kidney,
      examinations were performed on anesthetized dogs during afferent arteriolar
      dilation. This condition is known to increase renin release and enhance the
      stimulatory effects on renin release of beta-adrenergic agonists, such as
      isoproterenol. Afferent arteriolar dilation induced by constricting the renal
      artery or occluding the ureter increased PGE2 and renin release before, but not
      after, indomethacin administration. Isoproterenol infusion during afferent
      arteriolar dilation increased renin release but not PGE2 release both before and
      after indomethacin administration. Phenylephrine, an alpha-adrenergic agonist,
      which also induces afferent arteriolar dilation, increased PGE2 and renin release
      at control blood pressure but not when the afferent arterioles already were
      dilated by ureteral occlusion. We conclude that afferent arteriolar dilation
      caused by renal arterial constriction, ureteral occlusion or infusion of
      phenylephrine increases prostaglandin synthesis which stimulates renin release.
      The effect of isoproterenol on renin release is independent of prostaglandin
      synthesis.

PMID- 6382925
TI  - Value of chest radiography in adult respiratory distress syndrome.
AB  - In a prospective investigation of 19 patients with traumatic (n = 11) and septic
      (n = 8) shock at risk of developing the adult respiratory distress syndrome
      (ARDS), serial chest films were monitored. Eight patients developed ARDS, 2
      following traumatic shock and 6 following septic shock. Only 2 of these 8
      patients exhibited radiographic abnormalities consisting in bilateral widespread
      infiltrates of the alveolar type. In the 2 patients ARDS had already developed
      before artificial ventilation with positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) was
      instituted. In the other 6 patients, in whom ventilator treatment with PEEP was
      initiated prophylactically or early in the disease, the chest films remained
      virtually normal despite development of a marked pulmonary insufficiency. It is
      concluded that early ventilator treatment with PEEP counteracts the classical
      radiographic abnormalities of ARDS, probably by reducing alveolar oedema and
      atelectasis. Thus, presently, with use of early or prophylactic ventilator
      treatment with PEEP as a therapeutic measure against ARDS chest radiography may
      be of limited value in the diagnosis. However, it should be essential for early
      recognition of therapy requiring complications.

PMID- 6382926
TI  - K-edge digital subtraction angiography with synchrotron X-rays.

PMID- 6382927
TI  - Tolerability and usefulness of iohexol in cardioangiography. II. A double blind
      comparison with metrizoate.
AB  - The new non-ionic contrast medium iohexol (Omnipaque) was compared with the ionic
      medium sodium meglumine calcium metrizoate (Isopaque Coronar) in a double blind,
      two-group trial. Iohexol resulted in significantly fewer and smaller subjective
      reactions than metrizoate. Changes of left ventricular and aortic pressure were
      statistically significantly less after injection of iohexol than of metrizoate.
      ECG recordings did not significantly differ in the two groups. Analysis of
      biochemical parameters showed no statistical differences between the two groups.
      Determination of serum enzyme activities revealed no signs of myocardial injury,
      and no impairment of glomerular filtration rate was detected by radionuclear
      renal function test. Similar radiographic quality was obtained with both media.

PMID- 6382929
TI  - Iohexol in cerebral angiography. Survey and present state.
AB  - The non-ionic contrast medium iohexol has in 15 trials been extensively studied
      with regard to its use in cerebral angiography. In comparison with mainly the
      ionic contrast media there was a tendency for iohexol to less frequently cause
      subjective sensations of warmth and pain. There was a marked difference in the
      intensity of these sensations, those after iohexol injection being definitely
      less severe. No severe reactions, whatsoever, could be related to the new
      contrast medium, and it can be concluded that iohexol with great advantage can be
      used for cerebral angiography.

PMID- 6382928
TI  - Iohexol in coronary angiography. A comparison of ionic and non-ionic contrast
      media.
AB  - Iohexol (350 mg I/ml) has been compared with meglumine-Na-Ca metrizoate (370 mg
      I/ml) in selective coronary angiography in 37 adult patients. Iohexol was very
      well tolerated and resulted in only minor changes in blood pressure and ECG
      parameters. Changes in blood pressure and R-R interval were significantly more
      marked following injections of metrizoate than after injections of iohexol.
      Arrhythmias were not observed following injections of iohexol, while two patients
      had AV block II after injection of metrizoate. Both contrast media gave similar
      and adequate demonstration of the coronary vessels. The findings suggest that
      iohexol has distinct advantages over metrizoate in selective coronary
      angiography.

PMID- 6382930
TI  - Iohexol in lower extremity, renal and visceral angiography. Survey and present
      state.
AB  - In 15 reports concerning 516 patients subjected to visceral or peripheral
      angiography high quality angiographic films were obtained following injection of
      iohexol. Iohexol represents a major step forward with regard to patient
      discomfort compared with conventional ionic media. Some pain may occur in
      patients with severe arteriosclerotic disease. Iohexol was well tolerated in
      renal and visceral angiography. No clinically significant changes were observed
      in serum values of hepatic or pancreatic enzymes or electrolytes and no signs of
      renal injury reported in patients with normal kidney function.

PMID- 6382931
TI  - Comparison of iohexol and meglumine-Na-Ca metrizoate in visceral angiography.
AB  - Visceral angiography was performed in a double blind study in 54 patients using
      iohexol (350 mg I/ml) and meglumine-Na-Ca metrizoate (370 mg I/ml). No
      significant increase in serum values of either hepatic or pancreatic enzymes or
      electrolytes was registered. Both contrast media gave excellent demonstration of
      arteries as well as veins. Iohexol gave far less sensation of heat during the
      injections than metrizoate.

PMID- 6382932
TI  - Adult peripheral angiography. Results from four North American randomized
      clinical trials of ionic media versus iohexol.
AB  - Four, randomized, double blind comparisons of iohexol versus ionic media for
      peripheral angiography are summarized. Iohexol is safe, effective, and
      significantly less painful than ionic media for this indication.

PMID- 6382933
TI  - Short survey of the total clinical material with iohexol.

PMID- 6382934
TI  - Urography with iohexol. Comparison with metrizoate and iodamide.
AB  - Comparisons of the non-ionic medium iohexol with the ionic media Na-Ca-Mg
      metrizoate and meglumine iodamide, were performed in two separate trials. The
      difference in diagnostic properties between the media was not significant. There
      was a significantly lower frequency of subjective sensations after iohexol than
      after metrizoate, whereas the difference between iohexol and iodamide in this
      respect was small. Regarding other adverse reactions there was a small advantage
      in favour of iohexol compared with metrizoate, whereas iohexol caused
      significantly less adverse reactions than iodamide.

PMID- 6382935
TI  - Phlebography. Survey and present state.
AB  - Milestones in the history of phlebography are shortly reviewed. The present state
      of phlebography with emphasis upon the role of the new non-ionic contrast media
      is presented.

PMID- 6382936
TI  - Iohexol and meglumine iothalamate in phlebography of the leg. Comparison of the
      tolerance.
AB  - Fifty patients were examined by ascending phlebography of both legs in a
      prospective, double blind, within-patient series. Each leg was randomly allocated
      to the examination using either iohexol 300 mg I/ml or meglumine iothalamate 280
      mg I/ml as the contrast medium. Immediate side effects were recorded in all
      patients, and delayed effects in 45 patients. Statistical analysis using the chi
      square test showed that iohexol produced significantly less immediate pain in the
      leg than meglumine iothalamate. Iohexol produced significantly less nausea, and
      vomiting during the injection than meglumine iothalamate. No significant
      difference was found in the incidence of delayed pain and swelling with either
      medium. The quality of the films produced by iohexol was significantly better
      than that obtained with meglumine iothalamate.

PMID- 6382938
TI  - Enhancement with water-soluble contrast media in computed tomography of the brain
      and abdomen. Survey and present state.
AB  - Enhancement of brain lesions occurs as a result of disruption of the blood-brain
      barrier. The contrast medium will therefore accumulate in the pathologic lesion
      and a prolonged contact between the potentially toxic contrast medium and the
      nervous tissue occurs. In the parenchymatous organs of the abdomen the contrast
      media diffuse freely into the extravascular space and are rapidly washed out
      again. As a consequence the adverse effects of the contrast media must be more
      seriously considered in brain than in body CT. Therefore, non-ionic contrast
      media, which are less toxic than the ionic ones, are recommended in brain CT. A
      review is given of four randomized, double blind, parallel studies of iohexol at
      CT. In three of these investigations iohexol was compared with metrizoate and
      ioglicate at cerebral CT and in a fourth with metrizoate at abdominal CT. All
      investigations showed a better tolerability of iohexol than of the ionic
      compounds. No difference in the enhancement properties was found.

PMID- 6382937
TI  - Iohexol in phlebography of the leg. A comparative investigation with meglumine
      metrizoate.
AB  - Comparing iohexol 240 mg I/ml, iohexol 300 mg I/ml and meglumine-Ca metrizoate
      200 mg I/ml in phlebography of the leg in patients on or without anticoagulants,
      no sign of post-phlebographic thrombosis was found using the 125I-fibrinogen
      uptake test and repeat phlebography. More adverse reactions occurred with
      metrizoate than with iohexol. Metrizoate provided significantly poorer
      demonstration than the two iohexol concentrations with higher iodine content.

PMID- 6382939
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography. Comparison of meglumine-Na diatrizoate with
      iohexol.
AB  - A slight improvement in image quality occurred with the use of iohexol when
      compared with meglumine-Na diatrizoate. There is less swallowing with iohexol,
      which gives better image registration when looking at the extracranial carotid
      arteries. A single significant tachycardia occurred with the ionic medium, but
      not with iohexol. Overall discomfort and minor adverse reactions were less with
      iohexol than with diatrizoate.

PMID- 6382940
TI  - Comparison of iohexol with meglumine-Na diatrizoate for intravenous digital
      subtraction angiography.
AB  - Iohexol, a new non-ionic water-soluble contrast medium, was tested for digital
      intravenous angiography of the cervical and intracranial vessels. In a double
      blind study involving 40 adult patients, iohexol and meglumine-Na diatrizoate
      were compared for safety, patient tolerance, and radiographic image quality.
      Iohexol was shown to be safe and generally produced less patient discomfort,
      leading to a lower incidence of motion, swallowing or cough artifacts.

PMID- 6382941
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography of the carotid arteries. A comparison of iohexol
      and metrizoate.
AB  - An open cross-over investigation of intravenous digital subtraction angiography
      of carotid arteries was carried out to compare image quality, side effects and
      pulmonary circulation time of iohexol and meglumine-Na-Ca metrizoate. Successive
      injections of the two contrast media were given under identical conditions. A
      significantly higher frequency of artifacts from swallowing and motion was noted
      after metrizoate injections. A lower frequency of subjective and objective side
      effects was found following iohexol injections.

PMID- 6382942
TI  - Iohexol in cardioangiography. Survey and present state.
AB  - The effects of contrast media on the electrical and mechanical function of the
      heart at injection in the right heart, left heart and coronary arteries are
      surveyed. The experiences from 10 investigations of cardioangiography with
      iohexol are summarized and indications for use of the medium are presented.

PMID- 6382943
TI  - Controlled clinical trials in mild hypertension.

PMID- 6382944
TI  - Metabolism in ischemic muscles before and after treatment with glucose-insulin
      potassium infusion.
AB  - Arteriosclerosis, arterial thrombosis and emboli in the lower extremities of man
      result in metabolic disorders in the muscles due to a deficit between oxygen
      required and oxygen made available. Furthermore, diminished perfusion pressure
      results in diminished exchange of substrates and electrolytes across the
      capillary walls. In the muscle cells there is a depression of glycolytic enzyme
      function and a stimulation of lipid activity, resulting in accumulation of free
      fatty acids and acidosis within the cells. In order to increase R.Q. in the
      muscles in question, infusion of glucose-insulin-potassium were installed via a
      catheter introduced into the superior vena cava for 3 days. Following this,
      muscle samples showed significant increase of carbohydrate metabolism as compared
      to lipid metabolism and nearly normalization of intracellular content of free
      fatty acids. This was accompanied by improvement of the clinical condition of the
      patients and loss of pain in the extremities affected.

PMID- 6382945
TI  - The effect of high dose barbiturate decompression after severe head injury. A
      controlled clinical trial.
AB  - Treatment resistant intracranial hypertension after severe head injury has a very
      high mortality with conventional therapy such as hyperventilation and mannitol
      infusions. In this report, we describe the use of large doses of thiopental as a
      means of treating such swelling. From a consecutive series of 107 severe head
      injuries with a Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) of 6 or below, we selected all patients
      below 40 years age with a progressive increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) to
      40 mm Hg. The first 16 patients (mean age 20 years, mean GCS 4.3) were treated
      with deep barbiturate coma and hypothermia (32-35 degrees Celsius) until stable
      lowering of ICP was achieved. The next 15 patients received conventional
      intensive care and were in other respects very similar to the barbiturate group
      (mean age 26, mean GCS 5.2). After 9-12 months the outcome was classified
      according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Therapy with barbiturate coma
      resulted in 6 good/moderate outcomes, 3 severe and 7 dead/vegetative.
      Conventional treatment resulted in 2 good/moderate outcomes and 13
      dead/vegetative. This is a highly significant difference and cannot easily be
      explained by more severe injuries or complications in the conventional group.
      Superior control of ICP was achieved by large doses of thiopental and the final
      outcome was better.

PMID- 6382946
TI  - Digitalized venous angiography in the investigation of the neck vessels.
AB  - An X-ray imaging system, using digital subtraction techniques, has been
      developed. The authors relate the results of a comparative study in 20 patients,
      affected by cervical occlusive vascular disease, whose arterial cervical system
      has been investigated both by conventional angiography and intravenous digital
      subtraction angiography. Indications, advantages and limitations of this new
      computerized apparatus are discussed.

PMID- 6382947
TI  - [Ureterocystoneostomy in kidney transplant: comparative evaluation of 2
      technics].

PMID- 6382948
TI  - [Primary melanoma of the male urethra. A review of the literature].

PMID- 6382949
TI  - [Dental pins and their retention].

PMID- 6382950
TI  - [Hemostatic technics in dentistry: current trends].

PMID- 6382951
TI  - [GRF glue].

PMID- 6382952
TI  - [Experimental research on hard tissue formation. Demonstration of the mnemonic
      role of extracellular matrices of bone, dentin and enamel].

PMID- 6382953
TI  - Quantitative analysis of dose-effect relationships: the combined effects of
      multiple drugs or enzyme inhibitors.
AB  - A generalized method for analyzing the effects of multiple drugs and for
      determining summation, synergism and antagonism has been proposed. The derived,
      generalized equations are based on kinetic principles. The method is relatively
      simple and is not limited by whether the dose-effect relationships are hyperbolic
      or sigmoidal, whether the effects of the drugs are mutually exclusive or
      nonexclusive, whether the ligand interactions are competitive, noncompetitive or
      uncompetitive, whether the drugs are agonists or antagonists, or the number of
      drugs involved. The equations for the two most widely used methods for analyzing
      synergism, antagonism and summation of effects of multiple drugs, the isobologram
      and fractional product concepts, have been derived and been shown to have
      limitations in their applications. These two methods cannot be used
      indiscriminately. The equations underlying these two methods can be derived from
      a more generalized equation previously developed by us (59). It can be shown that
      the isobologram is valid only for drugs whose effects are mutually exclusive,
      whereas the fractional product method is valid only for mutually nonexclusive
      drugs which have hyperbolic dose-effect curves. Furthermore, in the isobol
      method, it is laborious to find proper combinations of drugs that would produce
      an iso-effective curve, and the fractional product method tends to give
      indication of synergism, since it underestimates the summation of the effect of
      mutually nonexclusive drugs that have sigmoidal dose-effect curves. The method
      described herein is devoid of these deficiencies and limitations. The simplified
      experimental design proposed for multiple drug-effect analysis has the following
      advantages: It provides a simple diagnostic plot (i.e., the median-effect plot)
      for evaluating the applicability of the data, and provides parameters that can be
      directly used to obtain a general equation for the dose-effect relation; the
      analysis which involves logarithmic conversion and linear regression can be
      readily carried out with a simple programmable electronic calculator and does not
      require special graph paper or tables; and the simplicity of the equation allows
      flexibility of application and the use of a minimum number of data points. This
      method has been used to analyze experimental data obtained from enzymatic,
      cellular and animal systems.

PMID- 6382954
TI  - The selective advantage of cancer cells: a consequence of genome mobilization in
      the course of the induction of DNA repair processes? (Model studies on yeast).

PMID- 6382955
TI  - A possible role for oxygen inactivation in the regulation of
      amidophosphoribosyltransferase activity in mammalian cells.
AB  - Human and other mammalian forms of ATase, including the Chinese hamster enzyme,
      are oxygen-sensitive enzymes and human ATase, like the enzyme from B. subtilis,
      is an iron-sulfur protein. When protein synthesis is inhibited in cultured
      Chinese hamster cells, ATase activity is lost in an oxygen-dependent reaction.
      The hypothesis is developed that the sensitivity of ATase to oxygen inactivation
      controls the rate of degradation of this enzyme in mammalian cells, similar to
      the mechanism which has been demonstrated for regulation of ATase degradation in
      B. subtilis.

PMID- 6382956
TI  - Ferritin: structure, function, and regulation.

PMID- 6382957
TI  - Uteroferrin and the purple acid phosphatases.

PMID- 6382958
TI  - Transferrin: a perspective.

PMID- 6382959
TI  - Phosvitin.

PMID- 6382960
TI  - The chemistry of hemerythrin.

PMID- 6382961
TI  - Ribosomal proteins: their structure and spatial arrangement in prokaryotic
      ribosomes.
AB  - During the last 15 years of ribosomal protein study, enormous progress has been
      made. Each of the proteins from E. coli ribosomes has been isolated, sequenced,
      and immunologically and physically characterized. Ribosomal proteins from other
      sources (e.g., from some bacteria, yeast, and rat) have been isolated and studied
      as well. Several proteins have recently been crystallized, and from the X-ray
      studies it is expected that much important information on the three-dimensional
      structure will be forthcoming. Many other proteins can probably be crystallized
      if suitable preparative procedures and crystallization conditions are found.
      Tremendous progress has also been made in deciphering the architecture of the
      ribosome. A battery of different methods has been used to provide the nearest
      neighbor distances of the ribosomal proteins in situ. Definitive measurements are
      now emanating from neutron-scattering experiments which also promise to give
      reasonably accurate radii of gyration of the proteins in situ. In turn, refined
      immune electron microscopy results supplement the neutron-scattering data and
      also position the proteins on the subunits themselves. This cannot be done by the
      other methods. Determination of the three-dimensional RNA structure within the
      ribosome is still in its infancy. Nonetheless, it is expected that by combining
      the data from protein-RNA and from RNA-RNA cross-linking studies, the structure
      of the RNA in situ can be unraveled. Of great interest is the fact that ribosomal
      subunits and ribosomes themselves have now been crystallized, and low-resolution
      structural maps have already been obtained. However, to grow suitable crystals
      and to resolve the ribosomal structure at a sufficiently high resolution remains
      a great challenge and task to biochemists and crystallographers.

PMID- 6382962
TI  - Microtubule assembly: a review of progress, principles, and perspectives.

PMID- 6382963
TI  - Species adaptation in a protein molecule.

PMID- 6382964
TI  - Proteins at work: "stop-action" pictures at subzero temperatures.

PMID- 6382965
TI  - Semliki Forest virus: a probe for membrane traffic in the animal cell.

PMID- 6382966
TI  - A bibliography of the complications of BCG vaccination. A comprehensive list of
      the world literature since the introduction of BCG up to July 1982, supplemented
      by over 100 personal communications.

PMID- 6382967
TI  - [Current indications of the prehistoric, early historic and medieval occurrence
      of rickets and similar mineralization disorders].

PMID- 6382968
TI  - [Birth rate and child mortality in a village of the 17th and 18th centuries].

PMID- 6382969
TI  - Basil William Sholto Mackenzie, 2nd Baron Amulree. Born 25 July 1900; died 15
      December 1983.

PMID- 6382970
TI  - Pathophysiological mechanisms in the rheumatoid synovial membrane.

PMID- 6382971
TI  - Chondrocyte impairment: another mechanism of cartilage destruction in chronic
      arthritis.

PMID- 6382972
TI  - The pharmacology of antirheumatic drugs.

PMID- 6382974
TI  - Complement derived factors and prostacyclin formation by rabbit isolated
      peritoneum and cultured mesothelial cells.
AB  - Activation of rabbit or human serum complement led to the generation of factors
      which stimulated prostacyclin biosynthesis by isolated rabbit peritoneal tissue.
      Their formation was proportional to the degree of complement activation, measured
      as consumption of total hemolytic activity or immunoreactive C3. The stimulation
      of prostacyclin biosynthesis was mimicked by fragments obtained by trypsinisation
      of C3 (C3f) and C5 (C5f). Peritoneal macrophages, which could stimulate
      peritoneal prostacyclin biosynthesis through release of chemical mediators in
      response to C3f or C5f, were not essential, since the C3f and C5f also stimulated
      prostacyclin biosynthesis in monolayers of cultured mesothelial cells. Of the
      putative mediators, platelet activating factor (PAF) was inactive as a stimulator
      of peritoneal PGI2 biosynthesis. The finding that activated complement components
      stimulate prostacyclin biosynthesis forms an explanation for the endotoxin
      induced rise in rabbit arterial blood levels of prostacyclin and may have wider
      implications for the understanding of inflammatory reactions.

PMID- 6382973
TI  - Remittive therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: clinical uses and mechanisms of
      action.
AB  - Evidence has been reviewed supporting the conclusion that gold compounds, anti
      malarials and D-penicillamine have the capacity to function as immunosuppressive
      drugs. Moreover, the results indicate that each has a unique site of action,
      specifically inhibiting the function of only one of the populations of cells
      likely to be involved in chronic immunologically-mediated inflammation. Gold
      compounds and anti-malarials appear to be active by virtue of their capacity to
      depress the function of mononuclear phagocytes, while D-penicillamine acts by
      inhibiting a number of the activities of T lymphocytes. These results imply that
      the means by which these drugs suppress rheumatoid inflammation are fundamentally
      different. Thus, while each of these compounds acts as a selective
      immunosuppressive agent, the target cell inhibited appears to be different. The
      conclusion that the remission-inducing drugs have different modes of action in RA
      is supported by the clinical observation that the success rate of therapy with
      one is comparable regardless of antecedent therapy with another (125, 126).

PMID- 6382975
TI  - [Antoni van Leeuwenhoek--300 years of oral microbiology].

PMID- 6382976
TI  - [The possibility of reconstruction of fractured crowns after endodontic
      treatment].

PMID- 6382977
TI  - [A decade of dental studies in Rijeka].

PMID- 6382978
TI  - [Renoscintigram in urinary stones].
AB  - Seventy six patients who suffered from urinary stones on either side of the upper
      urinary tract were reviewed. The 99m-Tc DTPA renoscintigram was analyzed to
      examine whether stasis presented on the contralateral side of the urinary stone
      retrospectively. Though excretory urogram showed neither apparent stasis nor
      other abnormalities on the contralateral sides, 55 of these 76 cases showed
      stasis to some degree in the renoscintigram. Thirty five of these 55 cases also
      showed elongation of T1/2 in the ROI curve. Since 72.4% showed urinary stasis on
      the contralateral side of the urinary stone, we suggest the possibility that
      stasis can well be a cause of stone formation. In addition we warn of the
      possibility of future stone formation on the now healthy contralateral side.

PMID- 6382980
TI  - ECG-synchronized DSA exposure control: improved cervicothoracic image quality.
AB  - An electrocardiogram (ECG)-synchronized x-ray exposure sequence was used to
      acquire digital subtraction angiographic (DSA) images during 13 arterial
      injection studies of the aortic arch or carotid bifurcations. These "gated"
      images were compared with matched "ungated" DSA images acquired using the same
      technical factors, contrast material volume, and patient positioning. Subjective
      assessments by five experienced observers of edge definition, vessel
      conspicuousness, and overall diagnostic quality showed overall preference for one
      of the two acquisition methods in 69% of cases studied. Of these, the ECG
      synchronized exposure series were rated superior in 76%. Linear intensity
      gradients across vessel margins generally showed improved or unchanged edge
      definition in the gated subtraction images as compared with their ungated pairs.
      These results, as well as the relatively simple and inexpensive modifications
      required, suggest that routine use of ECG exposure control can facilitate
      improved arterial DSA evaluations of suspected cervicothoracic vascular disease.

PMID- 6382979
TI  - Pneumonia in bone marrow transplant patients.
AB  - The radiographic, pathologic, and clinical features of 22 episodes of pneumonia
      in 18 bone marrow transplant recipients were analyzed retrospectively. These
      pneumonias could be divided into three diagnostic categories: (1) a transient
      form of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia resembling pulmonary edema in
      radiographic appearance occurred in five patients during the first 2 weeks after
      transplantation; (2) a fatal, progressive form of interstitial pneumonia began
      from 2 weeks to several months after bone marrow transplantation in seven
      patients; and (3) airspace pneumonias occurred in nine patients within 2 months
      of transplantation and were uniformly fatal. While the temporal and radiographic
      presentation of transient early interstitial pneumonia is often characteristic
      and may not require biopsy for diagnosis, the airspace and progressive
      interstitial pneumonias affecting bone marrow transplant recipients present
      variable patterns that are often radiographically indistinguishable. The direct
      pulmonary toxicity of high-dose total-body irradiation and chemotherapy may be
      contributory in producing both the early transient and later progressive forms of
      nonspecific interstitial pneumonia.

PMID- 6382982
TI  - Compensating collimator for digital subtraction angiography.

PMID- 6382981
TI  - Iopamidol and metrizamide for myelography: prospective double-blind clinical
      trial.
AB  - In a comparative randomized double-blind study, 73 patients underwent myelography
      using iopamidol (36 patients) or metrizamide (37 patients) as contrast medium.
      The overall diagnostic adequacy of iopamidol myelography was found to be
      comparable to that of metrizamide myelography. The incidence of examinations
      graded as superior (64%) or adequate (36%) with iopamidol was equivalent to that
      with metrizamide (57% superior, 43% adequate). Adverse reactions after iopamidol
      myelography were fewer, less severe, and generally of shorter duration than those
      associated with metrizamide. In the iopamidol group, adverse reactions occurred
      in nine (25%) patients, all of whom experienced mild or moderate headache, one
      with nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. In the metrizamide group, adverse reactions
      occurred in 17 (46%) patients, all of whom experienced mild or moderate headache,
      six with nausea and vomiting and four with back and leg pain. Of nine individuals
      who underwent myelography using 300 mg 1/ml metrizamide injected via lateral C1
      C2 puncture, three experienced a toxic encephalopathy with confusion, dysphasia,
      headache, nausea, and vomiting, and a fourth individual suffered severe nausea,
      vomiting, fever, and irregular pulse. Encephalopathy was not observed in any of
      the 11 patients in whom myelography was performed via lateral C1-C2 puncture with
      a similar concentration of iopamidol. No seizures were encountered, and no
      clinically significant changes in laboratory studies were observed with either
      contrast medium.

PMID- 6382983
TI  - Experience with computer instruction for radiology trainees.

PMID- 6382984
TI  - Postoperative control for the persistence of positivity in three immunological
      tests used in the diagnosis of hydatidosis in children (E.L.I.S.A.-specific IgE,
      indirect hemagglutination and E.L.I.S.A.-total IgE).
AB  - The persistence of serological positivity was studied in 21 children with
      surgically proven hydatidosis. The children had been previously operated on
      between 10 months and 7 4/12 years before serum samples were extracted. Forty
      eight people (19 adult and 39 children) were included as a control group.
      E.L.I.S.A. specific IgE and indirect hemagglutination techniques were used for
      the diagnosis of hydatid disease. Studies of the immunoglobulins and complement
      components IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, C3, C4, C5 and factor B were done on the sera from
      the 21 children with histories of equinococciasis. The results are expressed
      according to the location and physical condition of the cyst, the time passed
      after surgery, the number of cysts and the number of surgical operations. We
      found persistence of positivity of up to 5 4/12 years for indirect
      hemagglutination and up to 6 7/12 years for specific IgE, in cases without
      evidence of clinical parasitation so we think that the postoperative control must
      be based on several serological determinations. The concordance between the two
      specific serological tests (specific IgE and indirect hemagglutination) was
      80.95%; specific IgE having appeared more sensitive especially in cases of
      hepatic location. The results concerning the total IgE determination were
      highlighted in the immunoglobulin studies. We consider total IgE as being only
      orientative, because of the frequency with which it is found elevated in
      childhood diseases.

PMID- 6382985
TI  - Relationship between skin tests and bronchial provocation tests with allergens
      found in organic dusts in patients with bronchial asthma.
AB  - A group of 153 patients with bronchial asthma were subjected to bronchial
      provocation and intracutaneous tests with allergen from the gram negative
      bacterium Erwinia herbicola which commonly occurs in organic dusts. Of this
      group, 80 persons were also examined with both tests with the allergen of
      Aspergillus fumigatus and 96 persons with the house dust extract. The frequency
      of positive skin reactions to the tested allergens was much greater than that of
      the positive bronchial reactions. No significant correlation was found to exist
      between the frequency and intensity of the bronchial and skin reactions except
      for delayed and late reactions to Erwinia herbicola. The authors conclude that
      bronchial provocation tests represent a much more specific and reliable method in
      the assessment of the clinical status of patients with extrinsic asthma than do
      skin tests.

PMID- 6382986
TI  - Immune complexes in human malignant tumours. A review.
AB  - This paper is a review on immune complexes in malignant tumours. High levels of
      immune complexes have been detected in the serum of patients with malignant solid
      tumours, leukemias and lymphomas. These studies were performed using non-specific
      methods. Results obtained by different laboratories are in general coincident;
      elevated levels of immune complexes in pre-treatment samples and in recurrent
      disease and, normal values in post-treatment studies indicating a disease free
      state. Nevertheless, there are certain variations among the results obtained by
      different techniques suggesting the necessity to check various methods for each
      tumour type. Although there is no clear evidence that immune complexes in cancer
      patients contain tumor related products, the current status of clinical research
      suggests the potential of circulating immune complexes assays for monitoring
      malignant diseases.

PMID- 6382987
TI  - Comparative effects of oral acebutolol and propranolol at rest and during
      exercise in ischemic heart disease: double-blind placebo crossover study
      utilizing radionuclide ventriculography.
AB  - Acebutolol is a new investigational beta-antagonist which has intrinsic
      sympathomimetic and cardioselective properties. In this study its effects on the
      ischemic consequences following supine bicycle exercise were compared to those of
      propranolol in 16 patients with chronic stable coronary artery disease (CAD)
      using a double-blind placebo crossover protocol and equilibrium radionuclide
      ventriculography. In eight patients (group I), the left ventricular ejection
      fraction (LVEF) at peak exercise fell under control conditions. During chronic
      acebutolol therapy (400 mg thrice daily), the exercise-induced LVEF (means +/- 1
      SD) was significantly higher (37.1 +/- 15.5% versus 42.2 +/- 14.3%; p less than
      0.05). The corresponding values during placebo and during propranolol (80 mg
      thrice daily) were 39.2 +/- 12.3% versus 43.4 +/- 14.8% (p = 0.07). In eight
      patients (group II) in whom supine bicycle exercise produced increases in LVEF,
      both acebutolol (58.8 +/- 5.4% versus 53.8 +/- 4.4%) and propranolol (57.8 +/-
      5.7% versus 54.1 +/- 4.9%) attenuated the increases. In neither group was the
      resting LVEF reduced by acebutolol or propranolol. The data show that acebutolol
      and propranolol are approximately equipotent in minimizing the radionuclide left
      ventriculographic manifestations of myocardial ischemia induced by supine bicycle
      exercise.

PMID- 6382988
TI  - Ethmozin. I. Effects of intravenous drug administration on paroxysmal
      supraventricular tachycardia in the ventricular preexcitation syndrome.
AB  - Electrophysiologic effects of intravenous ethmozin (1.5 to 2 mg/kg) were
      evaluated in 16 patients (10 with Wolff-Parkinson-White [WPW] syndrome and six
      with concealed accessory pathway [AP]) with ventricular preexcitation syndrome.
      Ethmozin terminated induced supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) in 9 of 14
      patients and atrial flutter with anterograde conduction 2: 1 over AP in one
      patient. The drug prevented induction of sustained SVT in 8 of 14 patients (four
      with WPW syndrome and four with concealed AP). The drug significantly lengthened
      the cycle length of induced SVT in WPW syndrome (381 +/- 24 to 421 +/- 27 msec)
      and in concealed AP (313 +/- 19 to 343 +/- 15 msec), mainly because of
      prolongation of the ventriculoatrial (VA) interval; the drug increased SVT atrial
      zone in WPW syndrome and removed or decreased it in patients with concealed AP.
      The drug abolished anterograde (6 of 10 patients) and retrograde (3 of 16
      patients) conduction over AP, and/or increased anterograde and retrograde
      refractoriness of AP in all patients. Ethmozin significantly lengthened the
      following: PA (27 +/- 2 to 40 +/- 3 msec), AH (92.6 +/- 6 to 107 +/- 8 msec), and
      PR intervals (175 +/- 9 to 202 +/- 15 msec), and refractoriness of VA conduction
      systems. The refractoriness of atrioventricular node, HV, QRS, and QT intervals
      and the spontaneous sinus cycle length did not change significantly. Thus
      intravenous ethmozin terminated induced SVT and prevented the induction of
      sustained SVT in most patients with preexcitation syndrome due to a suppressive
      effect of the drug on AP.

PMID- 6382989
TI  - Ethmozin. II. Effects of intravenous drug administration on atrioventricular
      nodal reentrant tachycardia.
AB  - Electrophysiologic studies were performed in 11 patients with atrioventricular
      (AV) nodal reentrant tachycardia (SVT) before and after intravenous
      administration of 1.5 to 2 mg/kg ethmozin. Initially, 9 of 11 patients had
      induction of sustained SVT, and two remaining patients had nonsustained SVT and
      atrial echoes, respectively. Ethmozin terminated induced SVT in six of nine
      patients. In six of nine patients ethmozin prevented the development of sustained
      SVT, indicating that ethmozin depressed retrograde fast pathway AV nodal
      conduction. In four of these patients atrial echoes were abolished. In the two
      remaining cases ethmozin prevented the induction of nonsustained SVT. In only
      three of these nine patients was sustained SVT induced. Anterograde fast and slow
      pathway properties did not significantly change with ethmozin administration.
      Effective refractory period (ERP) of the ventriculoatrial (VA) conduction system
      and ventricular paced cycle length producing VA block was 305 +/- 40 (mean +/-
      SEM) and 347 +/- 38 msec before and 424 +/- 105 and 475 +/- 71 msec after
      ethmozin administration, respectively (p less than 0.01, n = 8), suggesting
      depression of retrograde pathway with ethmozin administration. Ethmozin
      significantly (p less than 0.05) lengthened PA, AH, HV, and PR intervals (36 +/-
      11 to 45 +/- 14 msec, 84 +/- 21 to 93 +/- 17 msec, 42 +/- 8 to 50 +/- 7 msec, and
      163 +/- 23 to 190 +/- 31 msec, respectively). No significant change was observed
      in sinus rate, QRS and QT intervals, or ERP of atrium and ventricle. Thus, a
      single intravenous dose of ethmozin terminated induced SVT and prevented
      induction of sustained SVT in most patients, reflecting depression of retrograde
      fast pathway conduction.

PMID- 6382990
TI  - Intravascular and extravascular pulmonary fluid volumes during chronic
      experimental left ventricular dysfunction.
AB  - To assess the effects of chronic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction on
      intravascular pulmonary blood volume (PBV) and extravascular lung water (EVLW)
      lung fluid volumes, 56 dogs were evaluated by means of double-indicator dilution
      techniques. PBV and EVLW were measured in seven control dogs, in eight dogs 4
      hours after the production of left heart dysfunction, and then in three
      additional groups of dogs (n = seven in each group) 7, 14, and 30 days after the
      production of LV dysfunction. Twenty dogs were excluded because we were unable to
      produce elevations in LV end-diastolic volume greater than 25 mm Hg. EVLW was
      measured using heat as the diffusible indicator, and electric shock was used to
      create heart block and myocardial scarring in order to produce LV dysfunction.
      Plasma volume was calculated prior to death by means of radioiodinated albumin.
      In the remaining animals, electric shock acutely and chronically elevated LV end
      diastolic pressure (control 2.3 +/- 1.0 mm Hg; postshock pressures greater than
      25 mm Hg). PBV increased initially after cardiac failure and remained so as time
      progressed, although it represented a smaller fraction of the plasma volume as
      time passed (11.2 +/- 2.1% control, 15.9 +/- 3.4% at 4 hours after failure, and
      12.6 +/- 2.0% at 7 days; the former p less than 0.005 vs control, the latter p
      less than 0.01 vs control). EVLW increased as time progressed, in consort with
      small but progressive increases in left atrial pressure. Thus, we conclude that
      the effects of acute and chronic LV dysfunction on pulmonary circulation are
      significantly different.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6382991
TI  - Propranolol versus verapamil for the treatment of essential hypertension.
AB  - Recent reports have confirmed that slow calcium channel inhibitors have useful
      antihypertensive properties because they produce dilatation of the peripheral
      arterioles without reflex tachycardia. Their clinical place in the management of
      hypertension has yet to be clearly defined, and thus we have performed an open
      crossover trial to compare the 24-hour profiles of blood pressure reduction after
      chronic therapy with propranolol and verapamil. Nineteen patients were studied by
      continuous ambulatory intraarterial recording and the order of drug
      administration was decided by random allocation. Drug dosage was twice daily and
      titrated according to casual clinic pressures (propranolol, 40 to 240 mg twice a
      day; verapamil, 120 to 240 mg twice a day). Mean hourly blood pressure and heart
      rate values were obtained over a 24-hour cycle, and the responses to isometric
      and dynamic exercise were also examined. Both drugs were shown to produce a
      uniform and comparable reduction in blood pressure throughout the whole day,
      together with a reduction in heart rate, which was greater with propranolol.
      Comparable effects were also seen on the pressor responses to exercise. Both
      drugs were equally well tolerated and caused no patient withdrawals. We conclude
      that oral verapamil given twice daily showed a similar degree of efficacy to
      propranolol and provided 24-hour blood pressure control. This slow calcium
      channel inhibitor may be useful as initial therapy for hypertension, particularly
      for those patients in whom beta-adrenoreceptor blockers are contraindicated.

PMID- 6382992
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance: theory and review of cardiac applications.

PMID- 6382993
TI  - Assessment of quantitative indices of arterial stenosis derived from intravenous
      digital subtraction angiography.

PMID- 6382994
TI  - Evaluation of intracardiac masses by digital subtraction angiography.

PMID- 6382995
TI  - Black-white contrasts as determinants of cardiovascular risk in childhood:
      precursors of coronary artery and primary hypertensive diseases.
AB  - Atherosclerosis and hypertension begin in childhood. Studies of children have
      identified black-white differences in anthropometric, hormonal, enzymatic, and
      renal mechanisms related to the development of coronary artery disease and
      hypertension. Black children have greater body density, higher blood pressure,
      and higher serum total cholesterol, alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol, and insulin
      levels, whereas white children have a higher percentage of body fat, a faster
      heart rate, and higher hemoglobin, serum triglyceride, pre-beta-lipoprotein
      cholesterol, plasma renin, and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase levels. At puberty,
      white male children have decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and
      increased low-density lipoprotein/HDL ratios. Black children have lower urinary
      K+ excretion and demonstrate natriuresis when K+ is administered orally. These
      black-white contrasts provide clues for studying disease development early in
      life. Rational approaches to primary prevention of atherosclerosis and
      hypertension may require a diversity of strategies because of these black-white
      differences.

PMID- 6382996
TI  - Issues in the natural history and treatment of coronary heart disease in black
      populations: medical management.
AB  - Data from multiple sources indicate that the death rate for blacks is higher than
      for the general population-in part because of higher mortality from
      cardiovascular causes. The Cardiovascular Mortality Survey, carried out in Los
      Angeles, indicates that the combined effects of increased mortality from high
      blood pressure and related causes (e.g. stroke, cerebrovascular disease),
      together with an ischemic heart disease mortality rate that is only a little
      below the mean, accounts for the overall excess mortality rates in blacks. In
      addition, black patients have been shown to have higher risk profiles compared
      with the study mean in a large study of beta-blocker therapy, and a definite
      treatment effect was demonstrated. Further prospective studies of natural history
      and response to therapy are indicated for appropriately selected patient groups.

PMID- 6382997
TI  - A note on the biologic concept of race and its application in epidemiologic
      research.
AB  - Use of the category of race in epidemiologic research presupposes scientific
      validity for a system that divides man into subspecies. Although the significance
      of race may be clear-cut in many practical situations, an adequate theoretical
      construct based on biologic principles does not exist. Anthropologists have in
      large measure abandoned the biologic concept of race, and its persistent
      widespread use in epidemiology is a scientific anachronism. The assumption that
      race designates important genetic factors in a population is in most cases false.
      Racial definitions should be seen as primarily social in origin and should be
      clues to environmental-rather than genetic-causes of disease. An understanding of
      the social forces leading to racial differentials in health will give further
      direction to preventive campaigns.

PMID- 6382998
TI  - Cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. An overview of Lipid Research Clinics
      (LRC) epidemiologic studies as background for the LRC Coronary Primary Prevention
      Trial.
AB  - The Lipid Research Clinics (LRC) Program has implemented an integrated series of
      observational epidemiologic, community-based studies that provide a frame of
      reference for the results of the LRC Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (CPPT).
      The observational studies were performed in 16 populations sampled in the United
      States, Canada, the Soviet Union and Israel. Findings based on data from more
      than 80,000 study participants indicate that atherogenic profiles of plasma
      total, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels
      are highly prevalent in middle-aged adults. The lipoprotein cholesterol fraction
      components are related to a wide range of demographic, behavioral,
      anthropometric, medical status, drug utilization and hormonal factors, in
      addition to the well known major dietary and genetic determinants. The results of
      the LRC CPPT are directly applicable to high-risk, high total cholesterol, and
      high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in middle-aged men. Considered
      jointly with the observational finding that the major burden of ischemic heart
      disease is associated with moderately elevated lipid levels, the LRC studies
      suggest that 2 concurrent approaches are necessary to achieve community control:
      approaches for high-risk person through individualized medical intervention and
      hygienic, population-oriented approaches toward achieving less atherogenic
      distributions of lipids and lipoproteins. With this combined approach, the
      current epidemic of ischemic heart disease can be controlled.

PMID- 6382999
TI  - Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial: results and
      implications.
AB  - The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (LRC-CPPT) tested
      the efficacy of lowering cholesterol levels in reducing the risk of coronary
      heart disease (CHD) in 3,806 asymptomatic, middle-aged men with primary
      hypercholesterolemia. The group treated with cholestyramine had 8.5% and 12.6%
      greater reductions in total and low-density lipoprotein levels, respectively,
      than those achieved in the placebo group. The cholestyramine group had a 19%
      reduction in risk (p less than 0.05) of the primary endpoint of definite CHD,
      death or definite nonfatal myocardial infarction. Corresponding and significant
      reductions were also seen for angina, development of a positive exercise test,
      and coronary bypass surgery. All-cause mortality was only slightly, and not
      significantly, reduced in the cholestyramine group, reflecting more violent and
      accidental deaths in the cholestyramine subjects. When the cholestyramine group
      was analyzed separately, a 19% reduction in CHD risk was also associated with
      each decrement of 8% in the total cholesterol level. Moreover, CHD incidence in
      men in whom a decrease of 25% in total cholesterol was sustained, a typical
      response to the prescribed dosage (24 g/day) of cholestyramine resin, was half
      that of men who remained at the pretreatment level. The LRC-CPPT findings show
      that reducing the total cholesterol level by lowering the LDL cholesterol level
      can diminish the incidence of CHD morbidity and mortality in men at high risk for
      CHD because of increased LDL cholesterol levels. These results have considerable
      importance for the prevention of CHD through cholesterol lowering, at both the
      clinical and public health levels.

PMID- 6383000
TI  - Comparison of diltiazem at two dose levels with propranolol for treatment of
      stable angina pectoris.
AB  - Two dose levels of diltiazem with propranolol were compared in the management of
      chronic stable angina. Two groups of patients were treated for alternate periods
      of 4 weeks with each drug in a double-blind crossover with computer-assisted
      maximal treadmill tests and ambulatory ST-segment monitoring for evaluation of
      efficacy and safety. In 12 patients who received diltiazem, 180 mg/day, the time
      to development of angina increased from 5.9 +/- 0.7 minutes (+/- standard error
      of the mean) during placebo treatment to 8.3 +/- 0.8 minutes during diltiazem
      treatment and to 9.2 +/- 0.8 minutes with propranolol, 240 mg/day. Three patients
      became angina-free when they were treated with both drugs. Among 12 patients who
      received diltiazem, 360 mg/day, 1 patient became angina-free during treatment
      with both drugs and 1 became angina-free with diltiazem only. The mean exercise
      time increased from 5.8 +/- 0.7 minutes with placebo to 8.6 +/- 1.0 minutes with
      diltiazem, 360 mg/day, and to 8.2 +/- 0.6 minutes with propranolol, 240 mg/day.
      Analysis of variance showed no difference in efficacy between the 2 doses of
      diltiazem or between the 2 drugs. Ambulatory heart rate was reduced both during
      the day and at night with both drugs and significantly more with propranolol than
      with diltiazem treatment. Except for 1 patient in whom a rash developed when
      given diltiazem, 180 mg/day, and another who had both a rash and first-degree
      heart block with diltiazem, 360 mg/day, both drugs were well tolerated. Thus,
      diltiazem in a daily dose of 180 or 360 mg/day is as effective as propranolol for
      the treatment of chronic stable angina.

PMID- 6383001
TI  - Detection and quantitation of coronary artery stenoses from digital subtraction
      angiograms compared with 35-millimeter film cineangiograms.
AB  - To assess the ability to detect coronary artery narrowings from computer-acquired
      angiograms, a panel of 4 observers independently identified and measured focal
      coronary narrowings from digital subtraction angiograms and compared the results
      to those obtained from standard 35-mm cine film angiograms. Both cine and digital
      angiograms were obtained sequentially using selective intracoronary artery
      injection of standard amounts of iodinated contrast media. Digital images were
      obtained at 8 frames/s with a 512 X 512 X 8-bit pixel matrix. Modifications in
      the imaging chain for computer acquisition included a slower pulsed radiographic
      mode, a progressive scan camera, and initial storage of the images on an 80
      megabyte digital hard disk. Postprocessing computer algorithms were used to
      enhance the unsubtracted digital images; these included single-frame, mask-mode
      subtraction, vessel boundary edge enhancement, and 4-fold pixel magnification. In
      19 patient studies, 32 arteries were reduced more than 25% in diameter according
      to at least 1 of 4 observers on either the digital or cine film angiograms. There
      was no significant difference in the mean percent diameter narrowing for all the
      narrowings between the digital angiograms (53 +/- 31%) and the cineangiograms (52
      +/- 31%). In addition, a 2-way analysis of variance yielded no significant
      difference between the amount of variability in the measurements between the cine
      film and the digital technique. This similar variability persisted when subsets
      of patients based on the degrees of stenosis were considered (e.g., only
      narrowings from 50 to 90% diameter reduction).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6383002
TI  - Ontogeny of primary lymphoid organs and lymphoid stem cells.
AB  - Cells of the immune system go through a series of important developmental steps
      that begin early in embryonic life and include, first, the various waves of
      hemopoietic-cell production in the embryo and, second, the homing of these cells
      to the hemopoietic organs, which are the sites of hemopoiesis and lymphopoiesis
      in embryonic and adult life. The avian embryo is an important model for
      investigating these early steps; and this paper presents a comprehensive review
      of the work done on the early ontogeny of the avian immune system.

PMID- 6383003
TI  - Genesis of B lymphocytes in the bone marrow: extravascular and intravascular
      localization of surface IgM-bearing cells in mouse bone marrow detected by
      electron-microscope radioautography after in vivo perfusion of 125I anti-IgM
      antibody.
AB  - The role of mammalian bone marrow in generating surface IgM (sIgM)-bearing B
      lymphocytes is reviewed. Precursor cells in the marrow give rise to large,
      rapidly dividing cells bearing free cytoplasmic mu chains (c mu). The progeny of
      the large c mu+ cells form a population of small, nondividing c mu+ cells that
      mature into small lymphocytes, progressively expressing sIgM and other B-cell
      surface membrane components. Newly formed sIgM+ cells soon migrate through the
      bloodstream to the spleen and other lymphoid tissues, where they may die after a
      short lifespan or be activated to produce antibody molecules. The large-scale
      lymphocytopoiesis in the bone marrow thus maintains a population of rapidly
      renewed virgin B lymphocytes in the peripheral lymphoid tissues. This process
      continuously creates and selects B cell clones with the wide range of antibody
      specificities necessary to mediate primary humoral immune responses through
      postnatal life. A technique for perfusing radiolabeled anti-IgM antibodies in
      young mice has now permitted sIgM+ cells to be detected radioautographically in
      histological preparations of bone marrow under the electron microscope. Small
      sIgM+ lymphocytes are situated either singly or in small groups throughout the
      extravascular hemopoietic compartment of the bone marrow, often near sinusoid
      walls adjacent to late erythroblasts and reticular cells. Some regional
      concentrations of sIgM+ cells are apparent. sIgM+ cells also appear in transit
      through the sinusoidal endothelium and are markedly concentrated in the lumen of
      some sinusoids. Intrasinusoidal sIgM+ small lymphocytes have high densities of
      sIgM and long microvilli, on which sIgM molecules are concentrated. These studies
      reveal the localization and cell associations of specifically identified sIgM+
      small lymphocytes in the extravascular marrow compartment and suggest that these
      cells may also undergo a transient intravascular storage and maturation phase.
      Use of this in vivo immunolabeling technique to detect other cell-surface markers
      may further elucidate the microenvironmental basis of B lymphocyte genesis in the
      bone marrow.

PMID- 6383004
TI  - Life history of cells mediating natural resistance to tumor cells and bone-marrow
      transplants: the respective roles of cell lineage commitment and host environment
      in determining strain characteristics of natural resistance to foreign marrow
      grafts.
AB  - A class of cells present in the blood and lymphoid tissues of mammals produces
      rapid cytolysis of tumor cells on first contact. Abundant evidence suggests that
      such natural killer (NK) cells play a role in tumor immunosurveillance in vivo. A
      similarly prompt and spontaneous activity can cause the rejection of foreign
      marrow transplants. These phenomena are known collectively as natural resistance.
      The cells mediating natural resistance are lymphoid in morphology, but are
      neither T nor B lymphocytes. Kinetically, NK cells and cells mediating natural
      resistance to foreign marrow grafts are themselves nondividing but are rapidly
      renewed from radiosensitive proliferating precursors in the bone marrow. They
      appear to have no long-lived (memory) component. Newly formed NK cells have a
      short residence time in the spleen. Other general properties of the natural
      resistance cell lineage, including strain variation, ontogeny, and cell
      phenotype, are reviewed in this article. The present study aimed to examine the
      respective roles of cell lineage commitment and of the host environment in
      determining strain characteristics of natural resistance to foreign marrow
      grafts. Chimeras produced by inoculating mice of a strain that normally has
      little or no natural resistance with bone marrow from adult mice of a highly
      resistant strain develop resistance to a third-party marrow allograft. Such
      chimeras do not develop the full rejection capacity of the high-resistance
      strain, however; and chimeras created by inoculating marrow from infant mice
      develop less resistance than those reconstituted by bone marrow from adult mice.
      The results demonstrate that the ability to reject foreign marrow grafts develops
      as an intrinsic property of the natural-resistance cell lineage. The host
      environment may provide an additional influence, however, particularly in the
      initial development of natural resistance in early postnatal life.

PMID- 6383005
TI  - The migration of lymphocytes across specialized vascular endothelium: VIII.
      Physical and chemical conditions influencing the surface morphology of
      lymphocytes and their ability to enter lymph nodes.
AB  - The introductory review amplifies the finding that simply holding lymphocytes in
      vitro reversibly compromises their ability to enter lymph nodes from the blood,
      although entry into the spleen is unaffected. The differential migration of T and
      B lymphocytes from the blood, lymphocyte traffic in athymic rats, and the
      secretion of a sulphated glycoconjugate by high endothelial cells in lymph nodes
      are also discussed. Original data are presented concerning the effects of varying
      the conditions under which lymphocytes are held in vitro (time, temperature,
      medium, centrifugation) on their ability to enter lymph nodes and also on their
      surface morphology. In general, conditions that reduced the number of microvilli
      and induced surface blebbing also tended to affect the delicate function of
      crossing specialized vascular endothelium; but there was no simple relationship
      between morphology and migratory behavior. The localization of lymphocytes to the
      bone marrow was augmented by holding them in vitro, and this effect was greater
      after holding at room temperature (RT) than at 0 degree C, in contrast to
      impaired entry into lymph nodes. Small amounts of heparin (10 units) injected
      along with lymphocytes significantly reduced early localization in lymph nodes.
      These findings have practical implications for the design of lymphocyte traffic
      experiments and are relevant to the mechanism of lymphocyte attachment to
      vascular endothelium, since the well-known effect of trypsinizing lymphocytes can
      be reproduced by maintenance in vitro.

PMID- 6383006
TI  - Localization of lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral lymphoid organs: directed
      lymphocyte migration and segregation into specific microenvironments.
AB  - The distribution of lymphocytes in the peripheral lymphoid organs is controlled
      by recirculatory and microenvironmental factors. Specific interactions between
      recirculating lymphocytes and high endothelial venules in various lymphoid organs
      determine the presence and proportions of the various lymphoid sets and subsets
      in those organs. Separate endothelial determinants on peripheral node and Peyer's
      patch endothelium along with complementary lymphocyte receptors mediate this
      organ specificity. B and T cells also exhibit nonrandom organization within
      lymphoid tissues; after entry via high endothelial venules they segregate into
      their respective domains, which appear to be determined by distinct types of
      nonlymphoid stromal cells. Antigenic stimulation results in changes in lymphocyte
      phenotype as well as in the lymphoid microenvironment. The response to most
      complex antigens is the formation of germinal centers (GC) composed primarily of
      proliferating B cells; the phenotype of the few T cells therein is supportive of
      the GC as a site of B-T interaction. The phenotype of the B cells in GCs suggest
      a role for GCs in immunoglobulin class switching and the determination of
      subsequent homing specificity.

PMID- 6383007
TI  - Functional anatomy of germinal centers.
AB  - This year we celebrate the first centennial of the discovery of germinal centers
      by Flemming in 1884. The present paper reviews and adds new data to the
      functional anatomy of a germinal center. Emphasizing its reactive nature, we
      first describe a germinal center reaction and then deal with its infrastructural
      aspects and constituent cell populations, both lymphoid and nonlymphoid. Elements
      involved in the de novo formation of a germinal center, like antigen, T cells,
      and the mysterious germinal-center-precursor cell, are discussed. Next, attention
      is paid to the requirements for lymphoid cells to migrate into germinal centers,
      and novel features of germinal-center-seeking cells are presented. Subsequently,
      we discuss kinetic aspects of the high proliferative activity in a germinal
      center; and finally a description of the functional capacities of germinal-center
      derived cells, such as B memory cells and IgM-antibody-forming cell precursors,
      completes this picture of present-day knowledge of the germinal center, a
      structure which has yet to reveal its last secrets.

PMID- 6383008
TI  - Nonsteroidal estrogens of dietary origin: possible roles in hormone-dependent
      disease.
AB  - Equol, a nonsteroidal estrogen of dietary origin, was recently identified in
      human urine, and is excreted in amounts comparable to the classical steroidal
      estrogens. We confirm here that phytoestrogens which are abundant in dietary soya
      protein are converted by human gastrointestinal flora to this weak estrogen.
      After the ingestion of meals containing cooked soya protein the urinary excretion
      of equol in four of six subjects studied increased by up to 1000-fold and this
      compound was the major phenolic compound found in the urine. These data also
      indicate that some subjects are unable to either produce or excrete equol despite
      the challenge of a diet containing soya. In view of the increasing use of
      commercial soya products in the diet and the capacity of human bacterial flora to
      synthesize this weak estrogen from the abundance of phytoestrogens in soya, the
      potential relevance of these observations to the diseases implicating steroid
      hormones is discussed.

PMID- 6383009
TI  - Variability in body protein loss during protracted, severe caloric restriction:
      role of triiodothyronine and other possible determinants.
AB  - Six morbidly obese subjects were maintained in a metabolic ward for 64 days on
      liquid diets providing 600 to 800 kcal/day. Three received protein at a level of
      1.5 g/kg desirable weight per day. The other three were given an identical diet
      in which half the protein was replaced by carbohydrate. Because there were no
      significant differences in either mean protein or mean fat losses between the two
      groups, the data on all six subjects were combined. Over the 64 days, the mean
      weight loss (+/- SEM) of the subjects per 1000 kcal deficit was 174.3 +/- 25.5 g.
      The composition of this weight loss was 36.0% water, 58.9% fat, and 5.1% protein.
      Although the rate of fat loss was relatively constant throughout the study, wide
      interindividual variations in cumulative protein (nitrogen) deficit were
      observed. Total nitrogen losses per subject ranged from 90.5 to 278.7 g.
      Cumulative nitrogen loss during the first 16 days tended to correlate negatively
      with initial mean fat cell size and positively with initial lean body mass. Most
      notable was the strong negative correlation between the size of the decrease in
      serum triiodothyronine over the 64-day study and the magnitude of the concurrent
      cumulative N deficit. During severe caloric restriction, one's ability to
      decrease circulating serum triiodothyronine levels may be critical to achievement
      of an adaptational decrease in body protein loss.

PMID- 6383010
TI  - A commentary on the Rationale of the Diet-Heart Statement of the American Heart
      Association.
AB  - The objective of the Rationale of the Diet-Heart Statement of the American Heart
      Association was to restate the diet-heart recommendations of the American Heart
      Association and to quote the original publications on which they are based.
      Examination of those publications reveals that for the most part, they are
      obsolete or misquoted. The last section of the Rationale concerns the role of
      genetics and very briefly reviews the epidemiological and dietary intervention
      trial evidence. The latter discussion may be summarized as meaning that risk
      levels are in the 90 percentile group of plasma cholesterol levels and that those
      levels are due to genetic factors which "dietary changes alone cannot normalize."
      It admits that "all" dietary intervention trials "were flawed in one or another
      aspect of experimental design." Hope is expressed that the Multiple Risk Factor
      Intervention Trial and the Lipid Research Clinics Primary Prevention Trial will
      support the diet-heart theory. The former did not and the latter was designed to
      test cholestyramine and not diet.

PMID- 6383011
TI  - Possible importance of protein digestibility and bioavailability of amino acids.

PMID- 6383012
TI  - Rat bioassay methods for assessing protein quality of meat and poultry products.

PMID- 6383013
TI  - Evaluation of the use of amino acid composition data in assessing the protein
      quality of meat and poultry products.
AB  - A detailed analysis of the amino acid composition data of meat and poultry
      products, in relation to PER, clearly reveals high correlations between amino
      acid data expressed in various forms and results of protein quality estimations
      obtained with the PER assay. The significance of these observations in reference
      to protein quality evaluation for regulatory purposes will be considered in
      Background Paper 5.

PMID- 6383014
TI  - Reappraisal of the specificity of the Crithidia luciliae assay for nDNA
      antibodies: evidence for histone antibody kinetoplast binding.
AB  - Five different high-titer histone antibody-containing sera were assayed by the
      Crithidia luciliae indirect immunofluorescence (CLIF) technic. Three of these
      sera produced kinetoplast binding at titers of 1/40 to 1/80. The kinetoplast
      binding activity was abolished by HCl acid pretreatment of the Crithidia
      substrate, suggesting that the kinetoplast binding activity was not due to
      antibodies against native DNA (nDNA). Histone antibodies were purified from two
      of the three positive sera by affinity chromatography utilizing purified
      preparations of histone. Both purified antibody preparations also had kinetoplast
      binding activity, confirming that the Crithidia kinetoplast contains histone-like
      proteins. Therefore, Crithidia luciliae (CL) kinetoplast binding activity does
      not necessarily indicate the presence of anti-nDNA antibodies. Routinely
      pretreating the CL substrate with 0.1 N HCl would eliminate the possibility of
      histone antibody kinetoplast binding in the CLIF assay. Whether such pretreatment
      would alter the binding of anti-NDNA to the kinetoplast remains to be determined.

PMID- 6383015
TI  - Adult T-cell leukemia: clinical and immunologic characterization of a nonendemic
      case.
AB  - A 56-year-old black man with nonendemic adult T-cell leukemia is reported, who
      presented with severe hypercalcemia and leukemic leptomeningeal infiltration but
      had no evidence of bone marrow involvement. His malignant cells were
      characterized by light and transmission electron microscopy, cytogenetics, and
      flow cytometry. The cells demonstrated the deeply indented or convoluted nuclei
      characteristic of endemic human T-cell lymphoma virus-associated cases. Surface
      phenotyping indicated the cells' origin to be from the mature, helper/inducer
      subset of T-lymphocytes. However, there was no clinical or laboratory evidence
      that the malignant cells retained immunoregulatory function. The clinical and
      immunologic features of this and other nonendemic cases are compared with those
      of patients from the endemic regions of Japan, the Caribbean islands, and the
      southeastern United States.

PMID- 6383016
TI  - Identification of immunoglobulin E on mast cells in nasal mucosa by the
      immunoperoxidase technic and counterstained by toluidine blue or alcian blue
      safranine.

PMID- 6383017
TI  - Purpura fulminans following late-onset group B beta-hemolytic streptococcal
      sepsis.
AB  - A 16-day-old male infant initially was in septic shock. Following intensive
      resuscitation, thrombohemorrhagic lesions developed over his extremities, except
      for the limb with an arterial line maintained by a continuous heparin sodium
      infusion. Blood and CSF cultures yielded group B beta-hemolytic streptococci.
      Results of laboratory studies and clinical appearance supported the diagnosis of
      purpura fulminans (PF). Systemic heparinization was therefore started, and
      subsequently his condition improved. Because of the distinct difference in limb
      sparing, we concluded heparin has a beneficial effect on the evolution of PF.

PMID- 6383018
TI  - Allergic contact dermatitis in children.
AB  - Allergic contact dermatitis accounts for up to 20% of all dermatitis in
      childhood. The major sources of contact allergy in childhood are metals, shoes,
      preservatives, and plants. There is considerable variability from region to
      region and country to country in the prevalence and causes of contact dermatitis
      in childhood. We suggest that patch testing be done more frequently in evaluating
      dermatitis in children. Topical or systemic glucocorticosteroids and allergen
      avoidance are the mainstays of therapy in childhood.

PMID- 6383019
TI  - 20th-century US child health care. Past, present, future.

PMID- 6383020
TI  - Clinical trial of a new trivalent measles-mumps-rubella vaccine in young
      children.
AB  - Trivalent measles-mumps-rubella virus vaccines, containing either Schwarz (two
      dosage levels), Urabe Am 9, and RA 27/3 strains or Moraten, Jeryl Lynn, and RA
      27/3 strains, were evaluated in 174 children aged 14 to 24 months. Each of the
      three vaccines induced a nearly 100% seroconversion for measles and mumps and a
      full 100% seroconversion for rubella. Close home monitoring disclosed a high
      incidence and a relatively constant pattern of vaccine-associated reactions,
      similar for all three vaccines. Febrile reactions of greater than or equal to 39
      degrees C between days 5 and 12 after vaccination were more frequent among the
      recipients of "high"-dose Schwarz strain vaccine (35%) than among the recipients
      of corresponding "low"-dose vaccine (13%). The Schwarz-Urabe Am 9-RA 27/3 was
      equally immunogenic and, with a low dose of measles virus, no more reactogenic
      than the Moraten-Jeryl Lynn-RA 27/3 trivalent vaccine.

PMID- 6383021
TI  - Neonatal cyanosis. Reappraisal of response to 100% oxygen breathing.

PMID- 6383022
TI  - The spectrum of physical activity, cardiovascular disease and health: an
      epidemiologic perspective.

PMID- 6383023
TI  - Investigation of a cluster of anencephaly and spina bifida.
AB  - Environmental factors remain undefined as possible causes of spina bifida and
      anencephaly. The authors noted a fivefold increased incidence for 1979-1980 in
      the Antioch-Pittsburg , California area, prompting a case-control study. They
      studied nine case and 27 control mothers as well as eight case and 17 control
      fathers to evaluate factors including residence, occupation, drug use, illnesses,
      and pesticide or chemical exposure. Except for fathers' smoking (p less than
      0.05), no exposure was associated with neural tube defects.

PMID- 6383024
TI  - Application of a capture-recapture method (the Bernoulli census) to historical
      epidemiology.
AB  - Obstacles to historical epidemiologic research are formidable, especially for
      periods prior to the 19th century. Linguistic and paleographic difficulties are
      compounded by haphazard contemporary documentation and subsequent archival
      wastage, making real variations in disease frequency difficult to distinguish
      from record loss. This report investigates the application of a capture-recapture
      model, adapted from work on mobile animal populations, to this problem or
      archival loss. With the use of this technique, the original size of a psychiatric
      case population is estimated from incomplete extant enumerations. The cases are
      derived fron the Court of Wards and Liveries (1540-1660), the first statutory
      institution in England responsible for protecting persons legally incompetent due
      to mental disability. Documentation on this population survives in at least 10
      record collections, the most extensive containing at best 82% of all original
      cases, the least extensive, 1%. Calculations based on extant files indicate a
      fourfold increase in the incidence of mental disability certifications between
      1540-1549 and 1630-1639. The results of applying the Bernoulli census method to
      these materials eliminate biased archival loss as a plausible explanation for
      this rise. The origin of these changes in altered court policy or procedure,
      population growth, or increasing rates of mental disability awaits further
      investigation. While the Bernoulli census computations with historical data are
      mathematically equivalent ot those employed in recent epidemiologic applications,
      this specific data set prompts a conceptual revision of the Bernoulli model from
      capture to loss of random samples.

PMID- 6383025
TI  - Marrow transplantation in hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia.
AB  - Seventeen patients who developed aplastic anemia in association with viral
      hepatitis were transplanted with sibling marrow. Of the 16 HLA-identical
      recipients, 14 were conditioned with cyclophosphamide, 200 mg/kg, and two
      received 10 Gy total body irradiation. One HLA-nonidentical recipient received
      123 mg/kg cyclophosphamide and 10 Gy total body irradiation. Of the 14 patients
      conditioned with cyclophosphamide alone, one died on day 49 after graft
      rejection, and 13 had sustained engraftment. Six of the 13 developed acute graft
      versus-host disease (GVHD), which led to death from opportunistic infections 84,
      97, and 130 days after transplantation in three patients. Four of the 13
      developed chronic GVHD, two without preceding acute GVHD. Currently, ten of the
      14 cyclophosphamide-conditioned patients are alive 0.9-12.4 (median 5.9) years
      from transplantation. The two HLA-identical recipients conditioned for grafting
      with total body irradiation died after failure of engraftment, and one also
      developed concomitant hepatic venocclusive disease. The mismatched recipient
      conditioned with radiation and cyclophosphamide died of severe GVHD 18 days
      posttransplant. We conclude that survival, graft rejection, and incidence of
      acute and chronic GVHD after marrow transplantation for hepatitis-associated
      aplastic anemia are similar to those of patients transplanted for aplastic anemia
      of other etiologies. Previous hepatic damage from viral hepatitis and liver
      function abnormalities existing at the time of grafting do not appear to increase
      the risk of posttransplant morbidity and mortality from hepatocellular damage or
      venocclusive disease in cyclophosphamide-conditioned patients.

PMID- 6383026
TI  - Looking upon the water: In which we return to the Civil War.

PMID- 6383027
TI  - Urinary tract infections.

PMID- 6383028
TI  - Plasma oxalate concentration in chronic renal disease.
AB  - Plasma oxalate was measured with use of the enzyme oxalate oxidase (EC 1.2.3.4;
      normal values 3.3 +/- 1.5 mumol/L, n = 24) in 50 patients with different degrees
      of renal failure. The following mean concentrations +/- SD (in mumol/L) were
      found: for glomerular diseases, 12.7 +/- 7.8 (n = 21); tubular diseases, 20.4 +/-
      14.0 (n = 16); chronic renal failure before dialysis, 32.5 +/- 13.5, and after
      dialysis, 17.8 +/- 3.8 (n = 10); and primary hyperoxalemia, 72.2 +/- 14.5 14.5 (n
      = 2). The course of plasma oxalate was followed in one of these two patients
      after renal transplantation and in a patient recovering from acute tubular
      necrosis. No significant differences were found between patients with glomerular
      and tubular disorders. Overall, plasma oxalate was correlated with plasma
      creatinine in patients with glomerular and tubular diseases and dialysis patients
      (r = .84, P less than .001). Patients with primary hyperoxalemia had values
      outside the 95% confidence area of the regression line. It is concluded that the
      values obtained with this method, although probably still tending to overestimate
      the true oxalate concentration to some extent, provide reliable information about
      relative differences in plasma oxalate levels. In patients with terminal renal
      failure, plasma oxalate sometimes rises to levels at which deposition of calcium
      oxalate in tissues can occur.

PMID- 6383029
TI  - Effect of danazol on solubilization of immune deposits in patients with IgA
      nephropathy.
AB  - A study on the solubilization of glomerular immune deposits by administration of
      danazol in patients with IgA nephropathy is described. A clinical trial on
      danazol was performed in seven patient with IgA nephropathy. Administration of
      danazol was effective in improving proteinuria in patients with IgA nephropathy.
      In vitro effects of patients' sera on solubilization of glomerular immune
      deposits were examined in parallel studies. Renal biopsy specimens obtained from
      IgA nephropathy were incubated with fresh patients' sera before and after
      administration of danazol at 37 degrees C for one hour in plastic test tubes. The
      sections were stained with FITC-labeled heavy chain-specific anti-human IgA
      antiserum and then examined with a fluorescent microscope. It was shown that the
      solubilization of glomerular immune deposits by sera after administration of
      danazol from patients with IgA nephropathy was significantly higher than that by
      sera before such treatment.

PMID- 6383030
TI  - Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism in a patient with multiple myeloma.
AB  - A patient with progressive renal failure due to multiple myeloma presented with a
      mixed acid-base disorder (non-anion gap acidosis and respiratory alkalosis) with
      persistent severe hyperkalemia. Studies revealed an intact ability to lower urine
      pH during acid loading, markedly decreased plasma renin and aldosterone
      concentrations despite volume depletion, and an inappropriately low fractional
      excretion of potassium. Renal biopsy demonstrated plasma cell infiltration of the
      renal interstitium and typical proteinaceous intratubular casts. Both proximal
      and distal renal tubular acidification defects have been described previously in
      patients with multiple myeloma, but this is the first report of hyporeninemic
      hypoaldosteronism, hyperkalemia, and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis in
      association with renal involvement in multiple myeloma.

PMID- 6383031
TI  - Acute cellular rejection or Cyclosporine A nephrotoxicity? A review of transplant
      renal biopsies.
AB  - Cyclosporine (CsA), a powerful immunosuppressive agent that increases graft
      survival in renal transplant recipients, is often nephrotoxic. The clinical
      distinction between acute rejection and CsA nephrotoxicity (NT) is a common
      challenge in the management of these patients. To seek a histologic distinction
      between acute rejection and CsA-NT, we reviewed the renal biopsies performed
      prior to initiation of therapy for rejection or nephrotoxicity in two groups of
      patients. Group 1 (ten patients) had criteria consistent with acute rejection and
      responded to steroid pulse therapy. Group 2 (15 patients) was treated for CsA-NT
      and responded to a decrease in the dose of CsA. We conclude that CsA-NT has no
      specific histologic features. A prominent interstitial mononuclear cell
      infiltrate as well as tubulitis are features of acute cellular rejection. These
      findings do not exclude the possibility that rejection and CsA-NT can co-exist in
      the same patient.

PMID- 6383032
TI  - Concept of anti-renin system therapy. Historic perspective.

PMID- 6383033
TI  - Unloading the heart in congestive heart failure.
AB  - Depressed contractile performance of the heart in congestive heart failure is
      aggravated by increases in preload and afterload related in part to arterial and
      venous constriction. Vasodilator drugs have a salutary effect on left ventricular
      performance by reducing aortic impedance and/or increasing venous capacitance
      resulting in an increase in stroke volume and a lowering of filling pressure.
      Vasodilators may act by counteracting the heightened neurohumoral
      vasoconstriction tone in heart failure (inhibition of the sympathetic nervous
      system, inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system) or by more directly affecting
      vascular smooth muscle tone (direct vasodilators, calcium antagonists). The
      immediate effects of these drugs on resting hemodynamics must be supplemented by
      knowledge of their effects on the circulatory response to exercise and of their
      efficacy during long-term administration before a rational choice can be made as
      to the ideal agent or combination of agents to use in the long-term management of
      congestive heart failure.

PMID- 6383034
TI  - Modification of stepped care approach to antihypertensive therapy.
AB  - "Stepped care" is a standardized recipe for uniform treatment of hypertension
      that has produced useful information on the effectiveness of long-term
      antihypertensive therapy. However, experience with this unimodal approach to
      treatment has also revealed its weaknesses. Conceptually, stepped care ignores
      the possible importance of the means by which blood pressure is reduced and leads
      to drug overuse since there is no systematic plan for drug subtraction or dose
      reduction. Moreover, stepped care has never been critically tested against other
      algorithms. From a practical standpoint, stepped care has never been shown to
      protect from coronary events, the major burden of hypertension; in several
      studies, these events may have been increased, probably by the inclusion of a
      diuretic in the regimen. Such results indicate that a single recipe for all,
      based on a single process hypothesis, may be hazardous. A critical current issue
      is the question of whether it matters how the blood pressure is reduced. Thus,
      diuretics reduce pressure by lowering volume and flow whereas the modern agents,
      converting enzyme inhibitors and calcium influx inhibitors, reduce pressure while
      actually improving flow to the target organs. With the availability of more
      potent and palatable agents with different specificities, and with the increasing
      awareness of the heterogeneity of essential hypertension and the means to
      demonstrate it (that is, renin profiling), treatment strategies should be
      designed and tested in which single drug types are selected for their specificity
      and their long-term benefits evaluated. In a proposed model, beta blockers or
      converting enzyme inhibitors are given first to patients with medium or high
      renin levels and calcium blockers or diuretics to patients with low renin levels.
      The likely possibility that preservation of flow is a more relevant goal than
      reduction of pressure per se requires critical examination.

PMID- 6383035
TI  - Renin dependency of blood pressure in isolated systolic hypertension.
AB  - The role of the renin system in the maintenance of the elevated systolic blood
      pressure in isolated systolic hypertension was investigated in 31 patients who
      received long-term treatment with propranolol (120 mg daily) and in another group
      of 22 patients with isolated systolic hypertension who received a test dose of
      captopril (25 or 50 mg). The greatest systolic blood pressure decrease (35 +/- 5
      mm Hg) by propranolol occurred in the high-renin group (n = 9), and the smallest
      decrease (3 +/- 2 mm Hg) in the low-renin group (n = 9), whereas in the normal
      renin group (n = 13), systolic blood pressure was decreased by propranolol by 22
      +/- 5 mm Hg. For all the propranolol-treated patients, the decrement in the
      systolic blood pressure by propranolol was related to the control plasma renin
      activity (r = 0.63, p less than 0.01) and to the concurrent change in plasma
      renin activity (r = 0.70, p less than 0.001). Captopril decreased the systolic
      blood pressure by 55 +/- 10 mm Hg in the high-renin group (n = 11) and by 17 +/-
      5 mm Hg in the normal-renin group (n = 6), whereas the smallest decrease (12 +/-
      5 mm Hg) in systolic blood pressure occurred in the low-renin group (n = 5). In
      all the captopril-tested patients (n = 22), the decrease in systolic blood
      pressure by captopril was related to the control plasma renin activity (r = 0.75,
      p less than 0.001). These results indicate that the plasma renin activity value
      indicates the participation of the renin-angiotensin system in the maintenance of
      the elevated systolic blood pressure in patients with isolated systolic
      hypertension.

PMID- 6383037
TI  - Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow, where are you now that we need you?

PMID- 6383036
TI  - Platelets, carotids, and coronaries. Critique on antithrombotic role of
      antiplatelet agents, exercise, and certain diets.
AB  - "Antiplatelet" drugs and certain life styles seem to have an "antithrombotic"
      effect that may help protect against stroke and heart attack. This review of the
      experience with aspirin, dipyridamole, and sulfinpyrazone offers new
      interpretations of some of the major clinical trials, suggests guidelines for use
      of antiplatelet drugs, and integrates novel observations on diet and exercise
      into the "thromboxane-prostacyclin balance" hypothesis. It is argued that the
      Canadian stroke study showed that aspirin protects men with transient ischemic
      attacks from coronary death as well as from stroke, that type II errors may have
      been made in some clinical trials, that aspirin protects women as well as men,
      that aspirin benefits patients who have had a heart attack, that the effect of
      aspirin in angina varies with the type of angina, that the dose of aspirin used
      may not be critical, that guidelines for use of dipyridamole and sulfinpyrazone
      are still inconclusive, and that exercise and fish oil supplements may be
      "antithrombotic."

PMID- 6383038
TI  - Infection of a ventricular aneurysm and cardiac mural thrombus. Survival after
      surgical resection.
AB  - Infections of cardiac mural thrombi are rare, and because antemortem diagnosis is
      difficult and antibiotic therapy alone ineffective, the associated mortality has
      been significant. A patient with gram-negative bacillary infection of a mural
      thrombus is described. Gallium 67 citrate isotope scanning and two-dimensional
      echocardiography were helpful adjuncts in establishing the diagnosis. Surgical
      resection of the infected myocardial tissue and prolonged antimicrobial therapy
      were necessary for cure.

PMID- 6383040
TI  - Some questions on the significance of chromosome alterations in leukemias and
      lymphomas: a review.
AB  - Recent improvement in the methods of chromosome analysis has allowed recognition
      of consistent chromosome alterations in several human cancers, especially
      leukemias and lymphomas. At the same time, newly discovered human cellular
      oncogenes have been mapped to individual chromosomes, with precise band
      assignment. Some of the assignments are coincident with the breakpoints of
      translocations observed in particular tumors. In fact, a relocation of the
      corresponding oncogenes has been observed in the cells of some of these tumors.
      Two notable examples are that of the t(9;22) translocation of chronic myelogenous
      leukemia (CML), causing the transfer of the oncogene c-abl from chromosome 9 to
      chromosome 22, and that of the t(8;14) translocation of Burkitt lymphoma, causing
      the transfer of the oncogene c-myc from chromosome 8 to chromosome 14. These
      findings can be taken as indicative of a critical role of chromosome alterations
      in the origin of cancer, through the activation of one or more cellular
      oncogenes, although there is no firm evidence that such an activation actually
      occurs. In addition, some concern exists over the validity of accepting in vitro
      transformation of a cell line by oncogenes as a model of carcinogenesis in man.
      For these reasons the question on the significance of chromosome alterations in
      leukemias and lymphomas should not be considered entirely settled yet. Useful
      models, whose study may lead to the clarification of this important point, are
      represented by premalignant conditions, such as the myeloproliferative disorders,
      where chromosome abnormalities are present before the development of a bona fide
      neoplasm, and by the aneuploidy syndromes, in which there exists an association
      between a constitutional chromosome anomaly and an increased risk of cancer.

PMID- 6383039
TI  - Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-resistant Nocardia asteroides causing multiple
      hepatic abscesses. Successful treatment with ampicillin, amikacin, and limited
      computed tomography-guided needle aspiration.
AB  - Hepatic abscesses are rarely encountered in disseminated Nocardia infections.
      Sulfonamides alone or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is often efficacious in
      treating infections caused by Nocardia asteroides. In vitro resistance of N.
      asteroides to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is occasionally present. The patient
      described in this report had disseminated nocardiosis initially manifesting as
      multiple subcapsular hepatic abscesses. In vitro susceptibility studies
      demonstrated resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Subsequent treatment
      with ampicillin and amikacin in conjunction with computed tomography-guided
      needle aspiration of several of the hepatic abscesses, surgical drainage of a
      right pleural empyema, and eventual discontinuation of use of corticosteroids
      resulted in cure of the infection.

PMID- 6383041
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation for severe combined immune deficiency in an infant
      with chimerism due to intrauterine-derived maternal lymphocytes: donor
      engraftment documented by chromosomal marker studies.
AB  - Chromosomal heteromorphisms defined by the quinacrine banding technique were used
      to identify the maternal origin of 46,XX lymphocytes present in the blood of a
      male infant with severe combined immune deficiency disease. These chromosomal
      markers were also used to document the engraftment by donor lymphocytes from the
      sister and the concurrent disappearance of maternal lymphocytes after a
      successful bone marrow transplantation. Donor lymphocytes were detected by this
      technique 6 days after transplantation, earlier than is usually possible with
      other marker systems and before definite evidence of immunoreconstitution.
      Maternal lymphocytes persisted in the patient's peripheral blood for a prolonged
      period of time, being detectable 172 days after transplantation. Analysis of T
      lymphocyte- and B-lymphocyte-enriched populations after transplantation
      documented lymphoid chimerism with T-lymphocytes of donor origin and B
      lymphocytes of both patient and donor origin, demonstrating prolonged persistence
      of patient B-lymphocytes and suggesting that the patient's immune defect is
      primarily at the T-lymphocyte level.

PMID- 6383042
TI  - Effects of plasma volume expansion on renal salt handling in patients with the
      nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - In 10 patients with the nephrotic syndrome (NS) and edema persisting despite a
      NaCl-poor diet, the effect of a single infusion of hyperoncotic albumin (75 g) on
      NaCl excretion was studied. 6 patients had minimal lesions, and 2 patients were
      studied twice. On half of the occasions the glomerular filtration rate was
      reduced. Blood volume (BV), calculated from plasma volume and hematocrit, was
      slightly elevated before infusion, and increased to 136 and 120% of normal at 4
      and 20 h after it, respectively. Plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma
      aldosterone (PA) both decreased to suppressed levels at 20 h after infusion.
      Sodium excretion increased from 9.2 +/- 7.6 muEq/min before, to 3.10 +/- 22.4 (0
      4 h) and 43.1 +/- 36.3 muEq/min (4-20 h) after infusion. In 6 of these patients
      clearance studies were done before and after the infusion, maximal free water
      clearance being used as marker for distal NaCl reabsorption. Proximal fractional
      NaCl reabsorption was elevated before (94.9 +/- 1.4%) and decreased after the
      infusion (92.8 +/- 1.7%). Distal fractional NaCl reabsorption was also elevated
      before (93.0 +/- 6.4%), but unaltered after infusion (93.0 +/- 5.6%). Thus, after
      marked expansion of BV and suppression of PRA and PA, sodium excretion remained
      low despite the present edema. The results indicate that in many patients with
      the NS, including minimal lesion NS, intravascular hypovolemia is not the sole
      cause of sodium retention.

PMID- 6383043
TI  - Hypertension from ipsilateral renin hypersecretion following kidney upper pole
      compression by the spleen.
AB  - A unique case of renovascular hypertension in an asymptomatic, microhematuric
      61/2-year-old girl is presented. Abdominal ultrasonographic (UT) and computed
      tomographic (CT) studies, splenic and renal radionuclide evaluations revealed
      that a 'boomerang'-shaped spleen, anterior and medial to the left kidney,
      compressed and flattened its upper pole. Arteriography excluded stenosis of the
      renal arterial vessels. Renal vein renin ratio of 1.78 and contralateral/caval
      ratio of 1.13 eventually demonstrated that hypertension was caused by a
      lateralized renin hypersecretion from the compressed upper pole through left
      superior and central renal veins. Overactivity of the renin/angiotensin system
      was presumably due to ischemia of the renal parenchyma extrinsically compressed
      by the spleen.

PMID- 6383044
TI  - Hypertension in a renal transplant recipient.

PMID- 6383045
TI  - A double-blind study comparing ritodrine and terbutaline in the treatment of
      preterm labor.
AB  - One hundred women in preterm labor were randomly treated with ritodrine or
      terbutaline in a double-blind fashion. The drugs were comparably effective during
      intravenous therapy but, in women with intact membranes, an oral dose of
      terbutaline, 30 mg daily, was significantly more effective than ritodrine, 120 mg
      daily, in preventing recurrent labor during a 5-day course of oral therapy (one
      of 19 versus 12 of 23, p less than 0.001). In women with intact membranes,
      pregnancy was prolonged 40 +/- 25 days (mean +/- SD) in women receiving
      terbutaline orally and only 22 +/- 24 days in women receiving ritodrine orally (p
      less than 0.01). In women with intact membranes, a heart rate greater than or
      equal to 130 bpm occurred in in a higher proportion of women receiving
      intravenous treatment with ritodrine than among those receiving terbutaline (20
      of 31 versus 8 of 27, p less than 0.05). Terbutaline-treated women, however, were
      significantly more likely to have a serum glucose level in excess of 140 mg/dl
      than were women treated with ritodrine (13 of 26 versus 6 of 29, p less than
      0.05). Side effects commonly observed during intravenous therapy included nausea
      (22%), chest pain (15%), and shortness of breath (15%). Side effects were
      significantly (p less than 0.025) more likely to occur during periods when the
      infusion rate was being increased rather than during periods when the infusion
      rate was constant.

PMID- 6383047
TI  - Bullous pemphigoid of the vulva: a case report.

PMID- 6383046
TI  - Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura: current concepts and recommended practices.
AB  - Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura is the most common autoimmune disorder
      encountered in the pregnant patient. It is potentially fatal for the mother and
      fetus yet treatable and potentially curable. Analysis of current perinatal
      literature reveals not only a great deal of interest and activity in the study of
      this syndrome and its special problems during pregnancy but also significant
      controversy. The disease can be acute or chronic and vary in time of onset and
      severity of manifestations. If not forewarned with an awareness of this
      disorder's pathogenesis and potential fetal effects particularly in the pregnant
      woman who has undergone splenectomy, the obstetrician cannot respond
      appropriately. The usefulness of platelet antibody determinations to facilitate
      obstetric management decisions is discussed. The importance of cooperative care
      among the obstetrician, hematologist, and neonatologist is emphasized.
      Recommendations for management of autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura in
      pregnancy are derived from a review of current concepts of the disorder's
      pathogenesis, pathophysiology, criteria for diagnosis, and modes of therapy as
      well as special maternal/fetal considerations of antepartum, intrapartum, and
      postpartum care.

PMID- 6383048
TI  - Modifications of celiotomy techniques to decrease morbidity in obese gynecologic
      patients.
AB  - Celiotomy techniques have been modified in an attempt to decrease the wound
      complication rates at our institution. During a 5-year period, 1044 patients
      underwent celiotomy and major surgical procedures, usually hysterectomy and
      bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Wound complications were noted in eight of 900
      nonobese patients. Of obese patients not operated upon by the protocol, 42.2% had
      wound complications. Obese patients operated upon according to protocol had a
      wound complication rate of 3.1%. The difference in wound complication rate in
      obese, non-protocol operation patients as compared to the obese, protocol
      operation patients was highly significant (p less than 0.0001). The techniques
      used minimized wound infections in obese patients.

PMID- 6383049
TI  - Physical activity after retinal detachment surgery.
AB  - A prospective, randomized, masked clinical trial to assess the value of limited
      physical activity after scleral buckling surgery included 108 consecutive
      patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment randomly divided into two groups.
      The first group was encouraged to resume full physical activity immediately after
      hospital discharge. In the second group, bending, lifting, straining at stool,
      driving, sexual activity, lawnmowing, gardening, athletics, and returning to work
      were strictly forbidden for six weeks. A thorough evaluation of patient
      compliance was performed after six weeks. Six months after surgery the rates of
      reoperation and final reattachment percentages of the active and inactive groups
      showed no statistically significant difference (P greater than .05). Final visual
      acuity, measured one year after surgery, also identified no statistically
      significant difference between the groups (P greater than .05).

PMID- 6383051
TI  - Immunologic basis for the pathogenesis of pterygium.
AB  - We examined surgically excised pterygial tissues from 26 patients for the various
      immunoglobulin classes by direct immunofluorescence. Of the 26 patients, 19
      (73.1%) showed positive staining with goat anti-human IgG fluorescein-labeled
      antibody. Direct immunofluorescence with goat anti-human IgE fluorescein-labeled
      antibody was found in all 26 samples, varying in fluorescent intensity from 1+ to
      4+. Routine histologic staining disclosed an infiltration of small lymphocytes
      and plasma cells into the pterygium. These results suggest that an immunologic
      mechanism, possibly Type 1 hypersensitivity, may contribute to the pathogenesis
      of pterygium.

PMID- 6383050
TI  - Lack of evidence for protein AA reactivity in amyloid deposits of lattice corneal
      dystrophy and amyloid corneal degeneration.
AB  - Amyloid fibrils occurring in primary and myeloma-associated (AL), secondary (AA),
      and certain neuropathic hereditary forms of systemic amyloidosis can be
      distinguished biochemically or immunohistologically as being composed of
      immunoglobulin light chain, protein AA, or prealbumin respectively. All types of
      systemic and several localized forms of amyloidosis contain amyloid P component
      (protein AP). We studied formalin-fixed tissue from eight cases of lattice
      corneal dystrophy by the immunoperoxidase method using antisera to proteins AA
      and AP, to normal serum prealbumin and prealbumin isolated from a case of
      hereditary amyloidosis, and to light-chain determinants; additional cases were
      examined by indirect immunofluorescence of fresh-frozen material. We found weak
      (1:10 dilution) staining with anti-AP, but no reactivity with other antisera.
      Congo red staining was resistant to pretreatment of sections with potassium
      permanganate, a characteristic of non-AA amyloid. Two-dimensional gels of
      solubilized proteins from frozen tissue from two cases of lattice corneal
      dystrophy resembled those obtained from normal human cornea. Western blots of two
      cases of polymorphous amyloid degeneration and solubilized protein from normal
      cornea did not react with radioactive iodine-labeled anti-AA or anti-AP with
      purified protein AP and unfixed protein AA amyloid tissue as controls. We were
      unable to corroborate the presence of protein AA in the amyloid deposits of
      lattice corneal dystrophy. Although staining with antiserum to protein AP was
      demonstrable, the molecular configuration of this protein in stromal deposits
      remains to be defined.

PMID- 6383052
TI  - Absolute IgG4 deficiency and recurrent bacterial blepharokeratoconjunctivitis.

PMID- 6383053
TI  - HLA-B12 and HLA-B27 antigens in keratoplasty.

PMID- 6383054
TI  - Short- and long-term endothelial cell loss associated with cataract extraction
      and intraocular lens implantation.

PMID- 6383055
TI  - Argon laser photocoagulation for macular edema in branch vein occlusion. The
      Branch Vein Occlusion Study Group.
AB  - The Branch Vein Occlusion Study is a multi-center, randomized, controlled
      clinical trial designed to answer several questions regarding the management of
      complications of branch vein occlusion. This report discusses the question, "Is
      argon laser photocoagulation useful in improving visual acuity in eyes with
      branch vein occlusion and macular edema reducing vision to 20/40 or worse?" One
      hundred thirty-nine eligible eyes were assigned randomly to either a treated or
      an untreated control group. Comparing treated patients to control patients (mean
      follow-up 3.1 years for all study eyes), the gain of at least two lines of visual
      acuity from baseline maintained for two consecutive visits was significantly
      greater in treated eyes (P = .00049, logrank test). Because of this improvement
      in visual acuity with argon laser photocoagulation of macular edema from branch
      vein occlusion, we recommend laser photocoagulation for patients with macular
      edema associated with branch vein occlusion who meet the eligibility criteria of
      this study.

PMID- 6383056
TI  - Results of penetrating keratoplasty in the iridocorneal endothelial syndrome.
AB  - Five patients (four men and one woman ranging in age from 30 to 41 years) with
      the iridocorneal endothelial syndrome (four with Chandler's syndrome and one with
      essential iris atrophy) underwent penetrating keratoplasty for complaints
      relating to diminished visual acuity or pain. After follow-up periods ranging
      from one year to four years and seven months (average, 2.7 years), postoperative
      visual acuities ranged from 20/15 to 20/30. No evidence of recurrence of the
      corneal abnormalities observed before grafting was apparent in the donor corneas
      at the last examinations. Two patients who required medical treatment for
      intraocular pressure control preoperatively also required adjuvant therapy
      postoperatively. These results suggested that penetrating keratoplasty is a
      relatively safe and effective procedure for patients with diminished vision or
      other complaints related to corneal abnormalities in the iridocorneal endothelial
      syndrome. It does not, however, restore to normal the iris and angle structures
      affected adversely by the progression of the corneal endotheliopathy and
      therefore other measures may be required to control intraocular pressure.

PMID- 6383057
TI  - Accidental heat destruction of corneal graft tissue.

PMID- 6383058
TI  - Conservative surgical orthodontic adult rapid palatal expansion: sixteen cases.
AB  - A conservative surgical orthodontic technique that facilitates the widening of
      the adult maxilla at the midpalatal suture is presented. This procedure uses only
      lateral maxillary corticotomies and a maxillary Hyrax split-palate appliance. In
      all sixteen cases attempted, separation of the midpalatal suture was confirmed by
      occlusal radiographs and a diastema between the maxillary central incisors.

PMID- 6383059
TI  - Delayed bone grafting in the cleft maxilla and palate: a retrospective
      multidisciplinary analysis.
AB  - The results of delayed bone-grafting procedures in a group of twenty-four cleft
      patients are reported. All patients benefitted from closure of their fistulas.
      The need for a prosthesis was eliminated in twelve patients, and eight of the
      remaining twelve patients required only a three-unit bridge. Residual movement of
      the premaxilla in two of the nine bilateral cases included in this study was
      detectable. The esthetic benefits were difficult to assess since sixteen of the
      patients simultaneously underwent lip and nasal revisions. In seventeen patients,
      the graft was placed prior to canine eruption, and in sixteen of these patients,
      the canine erupted passively into the arch. Not every patient with a cleft is a
      candidate for delayed bone grafting, but the procedure has been found to be
      beneficial in selected persons.

PMID- 6383060
TI  - Localization of type V collagen and type IV collagen in human cornea, lung, and
      skin. Immunohistochemical evidence by anti-collagen antibodies characterized by
      immunoelectroblotting.
AB  - Tissue distribution of Type V collagen in comparison with Type IV collagen was
      investigated by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Affinity-purified rat
      antibodies to Type IV and Type V collagens obtained from human placenta reacted
      specifically only with the corresponding type of collagen in both native and
      denatured conformations. In indirect immunofluorescent stainings of human skin,
      lung, and cornea tissues, Type IV and Type V collagens showed distinct
      distributions. Type IV collagen was distributed exclusively in basement membrane.
      However, Type V collagen had two characteristic features; a diffuse distribution
      in interstitium and the locations on or adjacent to basement membrane. On the
      basis of these findings and of biochemical characterization of the collagens, it
      is postulated that Type V collagen is an intermediate collagen, possibly having a
      function of binding or connecting of interstitial collagen fibrils with
      membranous collagen networks.

PMID- 6383061
TI  - Identity of immune cells in graft-versus-host disease of the skin. Analysis using
      monoclonal antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence.
AB  - The cellular infiltrate in skin biopsies of 9 patients with graft-versus-host
      disease (GVHD) has been characterized with the use of monoclonal antibodies by
      indirect immunofluorescence. Most infiltrating cells in dermis reacted with
      monoclonal antibodies which recognize T-cell antigens. A mean of 45% of all
      dermal cells were T11-reactive, while a smaller proportion of cells were
      identified by another "pan" antibody, OKT3. In all but two instances the
      proportion of dermal cells reactive with OKT8 exceeded the proportion reactive
      with OKT4. Anti-Tac, which identifies activated T cells, reacted with a variable
      proportion of cells. Monocytes and null cells (OKM1+) were frequently observed
      but were less numerous than T-lymphocytes. Infiltrates were sparsely populated
      with OKT6-reactive cells, and there was no difference between the number of
      intraepidermal cells reactive with this antibody in study subjects and normal
      controls. Few cells reactive with Leu 7 (large granular lymphocytes) or with anti
      B-cell reagents were seen. These findings may have clinical implications for use
      of monoclonal antibodies for prophylaxis and treatment of GVHD.

PMID- 6383062
TI  - Nature of amyloid deposits in hypernephroma. Immunocytochemical studies in 2
      cases associated with amyloid polyneuropathy.
AB  - Two patients who presented with amyloid polyneuropathy were found to have an
      amyloid-positive hypernephroma. The amyloid extracted from the tumor of one
      patient was purified by gel filtration and found to immunoreact by
      immunodiffusion, only with antiserum against denatured lambda-type amyloid
      protein but not with antisera against denatured kappa amyloid, AA, or prealbumin.
      With the unlabeled immunoperoxidase method or immunofluorescence in combination
      with these specific antisera, it was shown that in both patients the amyloid
      deposits in the tumor, kidney, lymph node, muscle, and nerve had lambda-type
      amyloid antigenic fibril determinants. Some regions, amyloid-negative by congo
      red, immunoreacted with anti-lambda antiserum and were shown to represent amyloid
      fibrils electron microscopically. Several plasma cells found in the tumor and
      lymph node immunoreacted specifically with the anti-amyloid lambda antiserum. The
      findings provide the first observation that the amyloid in hypernephroma can be
      of immunocytic origin, even in the absence of overt signs of plasma cell
      dyscrasia, and suggest that amyloid polyneuropathy could be the presenting sign
      of hypernephroma.

PMID- 6383063
TI  - The organization of microtubules and microtubule coils in giant platelet
      disorders.
AB  - Normal human platelets are characteristically discoid in shape. The lentiform
      appearance is supported by a circumferential band of microtubules lying just
      under the cell membrane along its greatest circumference. Some of the cells from
      patients with giant platelet disorders are also disk-shaped, but the majority of
      their huge platelets are spherical. In the present study platelets from patients
      with the Gray platelet syndrome (GPS), May-Hegglin anomaly (MHA), and Epstein's
      syndrome (ES) were examined in thin sections and negatively stained whole mounts,
      and by indirect immunofluorescence with a monoclonal antibody to tubulin for
      determination of the organization of their microtubule systems. Many GPS
      platelets and some ES and MHA platelets were discoid and contained
      circumferential bundles of microtubules. The number of coils in the band was
      increased 10-20-fold. Giant spherical platelets also contained increased numbers
      of individual microtubules and coils, but they were not organized into
      circumferential bundles. Immunofluorescence revealed an organization of assembled
      tubulin in the huge cells, suggestive of balls of yarn. Failure of the
      microtubules to organize into a circumferential band may explain why the majority
      of the huge cells have a spherical form.

PMID- 6383064
TI  - Management of otitis media with effusion: a review.
AB  - The majority of ears affected by otitis media with effusion recover, but whether
      these recoveries are assisted by noninvasive therapies is not yet established.
      What is known is that some middle ears affected by otitis media with effusion
      will eventually develop permanent structural and functional defects in spite of
      surgical intervention. The role of medications and the arguments for and against
      adenoidectomy and tympanostomy are reviewed in relation to the author's findings
      from short- and long-term studies of ears treated surgically.

PMID- 6383065
TI  - Relaxation-biofeedback in the treatment of tinnitus.
AB  - Tinnitus has traditionally been thought of as a condition that simply must be
      endured. Recent evidence suggests that relaxation-biofeedback treatment is
      effective in reducing or eliminating tinnitus. Eleven male subjects participated
      in seven to thirteen sessions of relaxation treatment; during three of these
      sessions biofeedback monitoring occurred. Subjects completed scales and
      questionnaires prior to treatment. These data were then compared with post
      treatment responses. One scale was used for subjects' description of tinnitus
      severity, and another scale recorded subjects' general tension levels. Results
      revealed a statistically high correlation between subject reports of tinnitus and
      tension. Shortly after treatment, two subjects no longer reported the sensation
      of tinnitus. At an eighteen-month follow-up, 90 percent of the subjects reported
      that relaxation-biofeedback reduced or decreased their negative reaction to
      tinnitus; 63 percent of subjects reported a recognizable reduction or decrease in
      the tinnitus itself.

PMID- 6383066
TI  - Role of the neurotologist in the diagnosis of brain ischemia.

PMID- 6383067
TI  - Historical vignette. Sir Astley Cooper.

PMID- 6383068
TI  - Freezing of living cells: mechanisms and implications.
AB  - Cells can endure storage at low temperatures such as--196 degrees C for
      centuries. The challenge is to determine how they can survive both the cooling to
      such temperatures and the subsequent return to physiological conditions. A major
      factor is whether they freeze intracellularly. They do so if cooling is too
      rapid, because with rapid cooling insufficient cell water is removed osmotically
      to eliminate supercooling. Equations have been developed that describe the
      kinetics of this water loss and permit one to predict the likelihood of
      intracellular freezing as a function of cooling rate. Such predictions agree well
      with observations. Although the avoidance of intracellular freezing is usually
      necessary for survival, it is not sufficient. Slow freezing itself can be
      injurious. As ice forms outside the cell, the residual unfrozen medium forms
      channels of decreasing size and increasing solute concentration. The cells lie in
      the channels and shrink in osmotic response to the rising solute concentration.
      Prior theories have ascribed slow freezing injury to the concentration of solutes
      or the cell shrinkage. Recent experiments, however, indicate that the damage is
      due more to the decrease in the size of the unfrozen channels. This new view of
      the mechanism of slow freezing injury ought to facilitate the development of
      procedures for the preservation of complex assemblages of cells of biological,
      medical, and agricultural significance.

PMID- 6383069
TI  - Induction of sugar uptake response to insulin by serum depletion in fusing L6
      myoblasts.
AB  - The L6 muscle cell line is proposed as an excellent cell culture system for
      studying glucose transport and its regulation by serum and insulin throughout
      myogenesis. The rate of hexose uptake decreased after cell fusion. Fetal calf
      serum (5 h) stimulated hexose uptake, and serum deprivation depressed it. Both
      effects were prevented by cycloheximide. Insulin stimulated the uptake of either
      2-deoxy-D-glucose or 3-O-methyl-D-glucose provided that the basal rate was
      previously depressed by serum deprivation. The response to the hormone was
      significant only after the onset of cell fusion. Stimulation of transport was
      observed within the first 10 min after insulin administration and was insensitive
      to cycloheximide. Half-maximal stimulation of uptake was obtained with 5 X 10(-8)
      M insulin in 1% albumin solutions. Basal and insulin-stimulated uptake showed
      equal sensitivity to cytochalasin B. However, they differed in their sensitivity
      to extracellular Ca2+: basal transport was depressed, whereas insulin-stimulated
      transport was further enhanced in Ca2+-free media. Advantages of the cell culture
      system are discussed.

PMID- 6383070
TI  - Effect of a mixed meal on hepatic lactate and gluconeogenic precursor metabolism
      in dogs.
AB  - The present experiments were undertaken to assess lactate and gluconeogenic
      precursor metabolism in the 30 h following consumption of a mixed meal by the
      overnight-fasted, conscious dog. The arterial glucose level rose by a maximum of
      13 mg/dl 4 h after the meal and had returned to control levels by 12 h. Hepatic
      glucose production was suppressed for 12 h after feeding, but net hepatic glucose
      uptake did not occur. The arterial lactate level rose from 0.55 +/- 0.10 to 1.28
      +/- 0.14 mM within 1 h of feeding and remained elevated for 12 h. Net hepatic
      lactate production, measured with an A-V difference technique, rose from 3.5 +/-
      2.8 to 19.4 +/- 3.1 mumol X kg-1 X min-1 h after the meal and declined slowly
      over the next 22 h. The liver then began to consume lactate so that at 30 h net
      hepatic uptake was 5.7 +/- 0.5 mumol X kg-1 X min-1. The total hepatic uptake of
      the gluconeogenic amino acids (alanine, glycine, serine, threonine) increased
      from 5.3 +/- 0.8 to 11.5 +/- 2.5 mumol X kg-1 X min-1 at 1 h and remained
      elevated for 4 h. The arterial alanine level rose from 0.36 +/- 0.03 to 0.51 +/-
      0.04 mM at 2 h and remained elevated for 18 h. Insulin increased from 11 +/- 2
      microU/ml to a maximum of 44 +/- 5 4 h after the meal, and the glucagon level
      rose from 59 +/- 8 pg/ml to a maximum of 150 +/- 22 1 h after feeding.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6383071
TI  - The human sympathochromaffin system.
AB  - Hypoglycemia stimulates adrenomedullary epinephrine secretion; standing
      stimulates sympathetic neural norepinephrine release. In five bilaterally
      adrenalectomized persons plasma epinephrine, measured with a sensitive single
      isotope derivative assay, rose from 15 +/- 2 to 35 +/- 7 pg/ml (P less than 0.02)
      during hypoglycemia but did not increase during standing. In contrast, plasma
      norepinephrine rose during standing but not during hypoglycemia. Thus, in humans
      1) extra-adrenal epinephrine secretion is regulated and derived from innervated
      cells other than sympathetic postganglionic neurons; 2) because the plasma levels
      of epinephrine in adrenalectomized individuals even in response to the potent
      stimulus of hypoglycemia are below physiological thresholds, any biological
      actions of extra-adrenal epinephrine in adults must be paracrine rather than
      endocrine in nature; 3) hypoglycemia does not appear to stimulate the sympathetic
      nervous system. In view of these findings, we propose that extra-CNS
      catecholamine-producing tissues be termed the sympathochromaffin system
      consisting of two components: 1) the sympathetic nervous system that releases the
      neurotransmitter norepinephrine from its postganglionic neurons, and 2) the
      chromaffin tissues, including the adrenal medullae, that contain cells that
      secrete epinephrine, norepinephrine, or dopamine. The plasma epinephrine
      concentration is a valid measure of its chromaffin tissue (predominantly
      adrenomedullary) secretion, whereas the plasma norepinephrine concentration is an
      index of sympathetic neuronal activity under some but not all conditions.

PMID- 6383072
TI  - Glucose-induced insulin secretion by perfused pancreas of 2- and 12-mo-old
      Fischer 344 rats.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that cells from older Sprague-Dawley rats secrete
      insulin less efficiently in response to a maximal glucose challenge than do beta
      cells from young animals. In the current study we have asked whether this change
      in beta-cell response occurs in another strain of rat, and, if so, whether the
      secretory defect occurs at submaximal as well as maximal glucose stimulatory
      levels. Pancreas perfusions were carried out on 2- and 12-mo-old Fischer 344 rats
      at perfusate glucose concentrations of 150 and 300 mg/dl. The secretory data for
      each pancreas was subsequently corrected for differences in islet cell mass and
      expressed as insulin secretion per unit islet cell. The results show that 12-mo
      old Fischer rats release more insulin per total pancreas than do 2-mo-old animals
      at both glucose concentrations. However when corrected for islet cell mass, the
      amount of insulin secretion per islet cell is actually reduced in the older
      Fischer rat. These data are comparable to those seen previously in the 12-mo-old
      Sprague-Dawley rat and indicate that the insulin secretory defect seen as rats
      grow older is not species specific.

PMID- 6383073
TI  - Proteins in bile: how they get there and what they do.
AB  - Experimental hepatologists have recently directed increasing attention to biliary
      proteins. Studies have been performed to clarify which proteins are in bile, how
      they get there, and what they do. Results derived with a variety of analytical
      techniques and several experimental models indicate that there are many
      individual proteins in bile; some get there from plasma across hepatocytes via
      specific transport processes involving vesicles, while others are derived
      directly from cells in the liver. It appears that some proteins are released into
      bile after hepatocyte degradation while others may have important and specific
      functions. Quantitative or qualitative abnormalities of certain biliary proteins
      could be important in the pathophysiology of selected diseases.

PMID- 6383074
TI  - Role of spontaneous portal-systemic shunting in hyperinsulinism of cirrhosis.
AB  - The possible contribution of hepatocellular damage and portal-systemic shunting
      to hyperinsulinism in cirrhosis was studied in 23 cirrhotics, 8 of whom had a
      surgical portacaval shunt, and 16 controls by measuring insulin and the
      connecting peptide (C-peptide) concentrations in simultaneous samples of
      peripheral arterial and hepatic venous blood. The fractional hepatic insulin
      extraction (0.48 +/- 0.06, mean +/- SE) was normal in cirrhosis. The hepatic
      insulin elimination rate was directly related to arterial insulin levels (r =
      0.91, P less than 0.001) even at very high circulating levels. Extrahepatic
      insulin metabolism was measured across the kidney and lower limb. There were no
      significant differences between cirrhotics and control subjects in relation to
      renal (0.25 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.23 +/- 0.04) and lower limb insulin extraction (0.14
      +/- 0.07 vs. 0.19 +/- 0.04). While in the control group hepatic venous insulin
      (0.143 +/- 0.018 pmol/ml) markedly exceeded the peripheral insulin concentration
      (0.083 +/- 0.009 pmol/ml, P less than 0.01), the contrary was found in cirrhotics
      with end-to-side portacaval shunt in whom all the pancreatic venous effluent is
      shunted to the systemic circulation (hepatic venous insulin, 0.130 +/- 0.028
      pmol/ml; peripheral, 0.234 +/- 0.037 pmol/ml; P less than 0.01). Portal
      hypertensive cirrhotics without a surgical portacaval shunt also had hepatic
      venous insulin levels (0.132 +/- 0.029 pmol/ml) below peripheral arterial insulin
      concentrations (0.205 +/- 0.041 pmol/ml, P less than 0.01). The study suggests
      that hyperinsulinism in cirrhosis is not the result of an intrinsic defect of
      hepatic insulin metabolism but of the spontaneous shunting of portal blood to the
      systemic circulation.

PMID- 6383075
TI  - Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation and insulin binding in canine renal
      basolateral membranes.
AB  - To characterize the interaction of insulin with the renal proximal tubular cell,
      we measured insulin-stimulated phosphorylation in basolateral membranes and brush
      border membranes isolated from canine renal cortex. Insulin stimulated the
      specific phosphorylation of a 92,000 Mr protein band demonstrable on
      autoradiograms of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels of basolateral
      membranes. Dephosphorylation of the 92,000 Mr band occurred over time. Insulin
      stimulated phosphorylation was concentration dependent, being clearly detectable
      at 10(-9) M insulin and maximal at 10(-6) M. The phosphorylated 92,000 Mr protein
      band from detergent-solubilized basolateral membranes was immunoprecipitated
      using serum from a patient with anti-receptor antibodies. No insulin-stimulated
      phosphorylation was detected in brush border membranes. Binding of insulin to
      membranes was highly specific for native hormone and was severalfold greater in
      basolateral membranes than in brush border membranes. These observations are
      consistent with the asymmetrical distribution of insulin-stimulated protein
      kinase as well as specific insulin binding sites in the proximal tubular cell.
      The data suggest that insulin exerts physiological effects on the cell through
      binding to specific basolateral membrane receptors and phosphorylation of those
      receptors.

PMID- 6383076
TI  - Mechanism of effect of diphenylhydantoin on renal renin release.
AB  - This study was undertaken to delineate the mechanism of the effect of
      diphenylhydantoin (DPH) on renal renin release. DPH at a dose of 0.18 mg X kg-1 X
      min-1 was infused for 30 min into the renal artery of anesthetized dogs with
      acute unilateral renal denervation. In the innervated kidney, DPH infusion
      increased renin secretion rate (RSR) from 189 +/- 54 to 939 +/- 279 ng ANG I X h
      1 X min-1. In the contralateral denervated kidneys, RSR did not change. An
      identical study was done in a second group of dogs in which unilateral renal
      denervation was done 24 h prior to DPH infusion. In this group, DPH infusion
      increased RSR from 63 +/- 57 to 643 +/- 180 ng ANG I X h-1 X min-1 in the
      innervated kidneys. In the contralateral denervated kidneys, RSR did not change.
      In a separate group of indomethacin-treated nondenervated dogs, intrarenal
      infusion of DPH increased RSR from 131 +/- 32 to 452 +/- 88 ng ANG I X h-1 X min
      1. The percent increase in RSR in the indomethacin-treated dogs was not
      significantly different from the non-indomethacin-treated dogs. These data
      suggest that the stimulatory effect of DPH on renin release is mediated by or
      requires the presence of renal nerves. The step(s) after the renal nerves is
      (are) not mediated by prostaglandins.

PMID- 6383077
TI  - Adenosine-induced decrease in renin release: dissociation from hemodynamic
      effects.
AB  - Adenosine has been reported to produce a biphasic renal blood flow (RBF) response
      (vasoconstriction followed by a return of flow to control level) and a decrease
      in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) when infused into the kidney. Intrarenal
      adenosine infusion also leads to a decrease in renin release. By altering the
      hemodynamic response to adenosine, we sought to determine whether the decrease in
      renin release depends on vascular or filtration-induced events. In nine dogs with
      nonfiltering kidneys, adenosine infusion (3 X 10(-7) mol/min) resulted in a
      biphasic RBF response and an inhibition of renin release (309 +/- 53 vs. 71 +/-
      26 ng ANG I/min). In 11 dogs treated with verapamil (10 micrograms X kg-1 X min
      1) no vasoconstriction or decrease in GFR occurred; however, renin release was
      inhibited by adenosine (1,300 +/- 159 vs. 534 +/- 225 ng ANG I/min). In a third
      group of nine dogs whose ureteral pressure was raised to 80 cmH2O, adenosine
      infusion produced a sustained vasoconstriction and an inhibition of renin release
      (3,086 +/- 1,144 vs. 328 +/- 130 ng ANG I/min). These experiments, in which the
      renin release effects of adenosine are dissociated from the hemodynamic effects,
      lead us to conclude that the inhibition of renin release produced by adenosine
      does not depend either on the vascular or filtration-induced effects of
      adenosine.

PMID- 6383078
TI  - Coronary artery reactivity in deoxycorticosterone acetate hypertensive rats.
AB  - Helical strips of coronary arteries from normotensive and deoxycorticosterone
      acetate (DOCA) hypertensive rats were studied in vitro for their responsiveness
      to a variety of vasoactive agents. After application of passive force (50-400
      mg), arteries developed spontaneous tonic contractions. These tonic contractions
      were not different between the two groups, and the contractions were not altered
      by inhibitors of neurogenic, prostaglandin, peptidergic, or purine activity.
      Coronary arteries from DOCA rats were more sensitive (lower effective dose, 50%)
      to the contractile effects of norepinephrine, serotonin, and potassium chloride
      relative to those from normotensive rats. Following contraction induced by
      serotonin, coronary arteries from DOCA rats relaxed less to isoproterenol and
      adenosine compared with those from control rats. Relaxation of arteries from DOCA
      rats in response to prostacyclin, nitroprusside, and acetylcholine did not differ
      from that in coronary arteries from normotensive rats. These observations
      demonstrate increased vascular sensitivity to constrictor agents and altered
      relaxation responses to adenosine and isoproterenol in the coronary vasculature
      of DOCA hypertensive rats.

PMID- 6383079
TI  - Alterations in hepatic Na+-K+ transport during endotoxemia in rats.
AB  - The effects of endotoxemia on overall Na+ and K+ transport in liver cells were
      studied. Rats were injected with Salmonella enteritidis endotoxin (5 or 10 mg/kg
      iv), and their blood samples and livers were obtained 4.5 h after injections. The
      higher, but not the lower, dose of endotoxin induced hypoglycemia and
      hyperlacticacidemia, which typify the metabolic deteriorations of endotoxic
      shock. Control (saline-injected) or endotoxemic rat liver slices (0.3 mm thick)
      were incubated in oxygenated Krebs-Ringer-bicarbonate solution initially at 0.5
      degrees C (for 90 min) and then at 37 degrees C (for 60 min) to assess net active
      Na+ extrusion and K+ reaccumulation. Mean Na+ extrusion and K+ reaccumulation in
      control rats were 160 and 87 mmol/kg dry wt, respectively. An inhibition of both
      K+ reaccumulation and Na+ extrusion was seen in liver slices of rats killed 4.5 h
      after the 10-mg/kg dose of endotoxin. The ATP content of rewarmed (37 degrees C)
      liver slices of endotoxic (10 mg/kg) rats equaled 80% of the values of
      corresponding controls. Hepatic membrane permeability to Na+ (PNa+) and K+ (PK+)
      was calculated using passive cation flux approximations, intracellular [K+]
      determinations, extracellular [Na+] values, and membrane potential estimations.
      PNa+ and PK+ values, respectively, were 2.8 and 8.0 X 10(-8) cm X S-1 in control
      and 4.3 and 7.6 X 10(-8) cm X S-1 in shock rats. These studies indicated a marked
      inhibition of active Na+-K+ transport and an increased membrane permeability to
      Na+ with little or no change in permeability to K+ in endotoxic shock rats. Such
      cation transport derangements in the liver during endotoxic shock could
      potentially contribute to impairment in hepatic glucose production.

PMID- 6383080
TI  - Endotoxin treatment protects vitamin E-deficient rats from pulmonary O2 toxicity.
AB  - Endotoxin treatment in normal rats has a marked protective effect against O2
      toxicity (J. Appl. Physiol.: Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 47: 577-581,
      1979 and 51: 577-583, 1981), and endotoxin's protective action is associated with
      stimulation of the lung's enzymatic antioxidant defense system (superoxide
      dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase). Vitamin E-deficient animals are especially sensitive to
      hyperoxidant stresses, including pulmonary O2 toxicity. In these studies we
      tested whether endotoxin could reverse the increased susceptibility of vitamin E
      deficient rats to hyperoxic challenge. We found that untreated vitamin E
      deficient rats do succumb more readily to O2 toxicity [0/11 alive at 72 h in
      greater than 95% O2, lethal time for 50% of the animals (LT50) = 50 h] than rats
      fed a regular diet (4/14 alive, LT50 = 69 h). In contrast, 15 of 16 vitamin E
      deficient rats treated with endotoxin survived the same O2 exposures (P less than
      0.001) and showed significantly reduced pulmonary edema compared with the other
      groups. The endotoxin-treated vitamin E-deficient group was also the only one to
      demonstrate significant elevations of all the antioxidant enzymes during O2
      exposure, suggesting that the antioxidant enzyme defenses of the lung have a more
      primary and important role in prevention of O2-induced lung injury than the lipid
      associated antioxidant, vitamin E.

PMID- 6383081
TI  - Long-term blood pressure and metabolic effects of vasopressin with servo
      controlled fluid volume.
AB  - Studies were performed in normal mongrel dogs (n = 8) to assess whether changes
      observed with chronic administration of vasopressin (AVP) were a result of direct
      actions of AVP or the consequence of changes in body fluid volume. AVP was
      infused continuously for 2 wk (0.36 ng X kg-1 X min-1 iv), while total body
      weight and body water (TBW) were maintained constant (+/- 50 g) using a servo
      controlled system. A metabolic cage was mounted on sensitive force transducers
      for continuous monitoring of TBW. The summed voltage output of these transducers
      was used to servo control an intravenous infusion pump that adjusted the rate of
      water intake required for maintenance of a constant TBW. AVP infused under these
      conditions chronically increased plasma AVP levels from 2 to 22 pg/ml but
      resulted in no change of average 24-h mean arterial pressure, plasma sodium, or
      osmolality. Urine excretion decreased from 800 to 200 ml/day, whereas urine
      osmolality increased from 430 to 1,200 mosmol/kg and remained at these levels
      throughout the 2-wk AVP infusion. A net loss of 20 meq sodium occurred during the
      1st day of AVP infusion but thereafter was unchanged. Plasma sodium and
      osmolality were unchanged from control during AVP infusions. We conclude that AVP
      induced changes of arterial pressure, plasma sodium concentration and osmolality,
      renal escape, suppression of renin activity, and most of the observed natriuresis
      are events normally dependent on volume expansion.

PMID- 6383082
TI  - Effects of meclofenamate on the renin response to aortic constriction in the rat.
AB  - This study examines the role of the renal prostaglandin system in stimulus
      secretion coupling for renal baroreceptor-dependent renin release in the
      anesthetized rat. Changes in plasma renin activity (PRA) secondary to suprarenal
      aortic constriction were evaluated in groups of rats with a single denervated
      nonfiltering kidney (DNFK) with and without pretreatment with meclofenamate.
      Suprarenal aortic constriction was adjusted to reduce renal perfusion pressure to
      either 100 or 50 mmHg. In addition, similar experiments were performed in rats
      with a single intact filtering kidney. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis with
      meclofenamate failed to block or attenuate the increase in PRA in response to the
      decrement in renal perfusion pressure after both severe and mild aortic
      constriction for both the DNFK and the intact-kidney groups. The adequacy of
      prostaglandin inhibition was demonstrated by complete blockade with meclofenamate
      of the marked hypotensive and hyperreninemic responses to sodium arachidonate.
      The results in the DNFK indicate that in the rat, renal prostaglandins do not
      function as obligatory mediators of the isolated renal baroreceptor mechanism for
      the control of renin release. Also the findings in the intact filtering kidney
      suggest that prostaglandins are not essential in the renin response of other
      intrarenal receptor mechanisms that also are stimulated by a reduction in renal
      perfusion pressure.

PMID- 6383083
TI  - The psychotherapeutic and hypnotherapeutic approaches of Milton H. Erickson, M.D.

PMID- 6383084
TI  - Effects of birth rank, maternal age, birth interval, and sibship size on infant
      and child mortality: evidence from 18th and 19th century reproductive histories.
AB  - There has been long-standing interest in the effects of maternal age, birth rank,
      and birth spacing on infant and child mortality. Contradictory inferences about
      the role of these factors have arisen on occasion because of the absence of
      adequate controls, the use of cross-sectional or incomplete reproductive
      histories, and inattention to the effect of family size goals and birth
      limitation practices. This study analyzes completed reproductive histories for
      German village populations in the 18th and 19th centuries, a period when
      deliberate fertility control was largely absent. Our results confirm previous
      studies of the association of infant mortality with maternal age, although in the
      present data these differentials are largely limited to neonatal mortality. They
      also confirm the importance of birth interval as a factor in infant mortality.
      Sibship size is positively related to infant mortality even when birth rank is
      controlled. However, once sibship size is controlled, there are no systematic
      differences in infant and child mortality by birth order. The mechanisms relating
      sibship size and mortality are explored.

PMID- 6383086
TI  - Complement-inhibiting activity of seminal plasma.
AB  - Human seminal plasma has an anticomplement effect that can be measured by a
      standard immune hemolytic assay. We found that about 20% of samples lack
      complement-inhibiting activity. To determine the anatomical origin of a
      complement inhibitor, inhibition of hemolysis was measured in seminal plasma
      samples that were primarily of prostatic, vesicular, or epididymal/testicular
      origin, as well as in seminal plasma from vasectomized men. All samples contained
      complement-inhibiting activity, although epididymal fluid showed nearly twice the
      amount. Therefore, the factor (or factors) is ubiquitous in secretions of the
      male reproductive tract. Complement-inhibiting activity is eluted in two high
      molecular-weight peaks upon gel filtration. We found evidence that the inhibitory
      factor is not lactoferrin, a proteinase, or one of the proteinase inhibitors
      known to be present in human seminal plasma. It seems likely that the complement
      inhibitor in seminal plasma protects gametes and reproductive tissues from
      complement-mediated damage.

PMID- 6383085
TI  - Perinatal outcomes among Medicaid recipients in California.
AB  - It is important to document the current status of health outcomes among the
      medically needy so as to establish baselines to gauge the impact of future
      program changes. We studied the birth characteristics and perinatal outcomes of
      women covered by Medicaid in California versus those who were not covered in 1968
      and in 1978. Our findings show a high degree of equity and a trend of improvement
      in perinatal mortality among Medicaid beneficiaries. The results suggest that
      needy women who are not yet covered by public financing may have a greater risk
      of adverse pregnancy outcomes. It would thus seem prudent to carefully monitor
      the impact of any future reductions in public health care expenditures.

PMID- 6383088
TI  - The history of sports medicine. Part I.
AB  - It is clear that sports medicine is a very old and honorable medical specialty
      from the early Hindu and Chinese writings through the age of Hippocrates and
      Galen. From the contributions of Avicenna and Pare to Hitchcock and physicians of
      our own time, the specialist in sports medicine has played an important role in
      the development of medical techniques to promote health and fitness and to ensure
      the safety and well-being of everyone who participates in athletic competition.

PMID- 6383087
TI  - Analysis of mouse sperm isoantigens using specific monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Female mice were isoimmunized with homologous spermatozoa of the same strain.
      Hybrid cells that secrete monoclonal antibodies to mouse sperm isoantigens were
      generated by modified hybridoma techniques using a semi-solid Iscove's modified
      Dulbecco's medium containing methylcellulose for the initial cloning. Out of more
      than 1,000 colonies that were initially recovered for subculture, 246 were shown
      to produce antibodies reacting with various cytological regions of mouse
      spermatozoa, when methanol-fixed sperm were employed in an indirect
      immunofluorescent assay. More than 75% of the generated monoclonal isoantibodies
      were shown to bind the acrosomal regions of mouse spermatozoa. Some were found to
      cross-react with spermatozoa from other mammalian species including those of
      human, rabbit, rat, and guinea pig. However, none were shown to cross-react with
      mouse lymphocytes. Two-thirds of the generated monoclonal antibodies can also
      bind live mouse spermatozoa. By an immunohistochemical technique using testicular
      sections, some of these monoclonal antibodies were shown to react with specific
      antigens expressed during different stages of spermatogenesis. It is concluded
      that these mouse sperm isoantigens are sperm-specific and appear uniquely during
      spermatogenesis. Monoclonal isoantibodies produced in the present study may have
      potential applications regarding the investigations of sperm iso- or
      autoimmunity, spermatogenesis, and fertility control.

PMID- 6383089
TI  - The history of sports medicine. Part 2.

PMID- 6383090
TI  - Signet-cell-simulating microfollicular adenoma of the thyroid.
AB  - A rare microfollicular adenoma of the thyroid gland with mucinous signet-cell
      features is described. Mucin stains demonstrate the presence of neutral mucin
      within some tumor cells. Immunohistochemical staining for thyroglobulin
      demonstrates strong thyroglobulin positivity within virtually all tumor cells,
      confirming the follicular-cell nature of the tumor. This tumor is contrasted with
      other, previously reported mucin-producing tumors of the thyroid.

PMID- 6383091
TI  - Epidemiology, malaria and pregnancy.

PMID- 6383092
TI  - Gametocyte-forming and non-gametocyte-forming clones of Plasmodium falciparum.
AB  - Three clones have been prepared from the Honduras I/CDC strain of Plasmodium
      falciparum by a method of microscopic selection. One of these (HB-2) does not
      form gametocytes whereas the others (HB-1 and HB-3) do. All three are as
      resistant to pyrimethamine as the original line, and all three form knobs on the
      erythrocyte surface.

PMID- 6383093
TI  - First field trial of an immunoradiometric assay for the detection of malaria
      sporozoites in mosquitoes.
AB  - An immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) using a monoclonal antibody to the major
      surface protein of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites was used to assess the P.
      falciparum sporozoite rate in a West African population of Anopheles gambiae
      (s.1.). Unlike current dissection techniques, the IRMA could detect sporozoite
      antigen in dried as well as fresh mosquitoes. In a controlled comparison, the
      sensitivity of the IRMA was comparable that of the dissection technique.
      Additionally, the IRMA was species specific and quantitative. Sensitivity of the
      assay was sufficient to detect sporozoite infections resulting from the
      development of a single oocyst.

PMID- 6383094
TI  - Immune complex decomplementation of canine sera for use in a complement-fixation
      test for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis.
AB  - Canine sera frequently become anti-complementary when heat-inactivated at 56
      degrees C for 30 min, and generally cannot be used in standard complement
      fixation (CF) assays. Therefore, a procedure was developed for decomplementing
      canine sera by absorption with particulate immune complexes consisting of sheep
      erythrocyte stroma optimally sensitized with anti-sheep erythrocyte antibody
      (hemolysin). Canine sera incubated for 20 min at 30 degrees C with sensitized
      stroma consistently showed less than 10% residual complement and were not anti
      complementary. This decomplementation procedure was applied in a complement
      fixation (CF) test for detection of serum antibodies during canine visceral
      leishmaniasis. Two groups of German shepherd dogs were injected intravenously
      with Leishmania donovani or L. donovani chagasi amastigotes, and the course of
      infections was followed for 12 weeks. Using freeze-thaw sonicate preparations of
      L. donovani parasites as antigen, reciprocal CF antibody titers above 24 were
      detectable in sera 7 weeks after infection and gradually increased to a maximum
      titer of 775 at 12 weeks. Sera from control dogs had mean titers of 24. This
      improved methodology enhances the potential of the CF test in the serodiagnosis
      of canine leishmaniasis.

PMID- 6383095
TI  - Bacteriologic evaluation of electric clippers for surgical hair removal.
AB  - Clipper blade assemblies for electric clippers used repeatedly without
      sterilization demonstrated high levels of bacterial contaminations that are
      potential sources of infection. A technique of sterilization of the clipper blade
      has been reported that eliminates the exogenous bacterial contamination.

PMID- 6383096
TI  - Outpatient inguinal herniorrhaphy with both regional and local anesthesia.
AB  - Fifty-three patients who were undergoing outpatient inguinal herniorrhaphy with
      short-acting regional anesthetic agents and local infiltration of a long-acting
      anesthetic were retrospectively compared with a matched population of 53
      hospitalized patients who were undergoing herniorrhaphy with a long-acting
      regional anesthetic. There was a significantly greater incidence of urinary
      retention in the hospitalized patients who received long-acting regional
      anesthetic agents. Otherwise, complications in the two groups were similar.
      Inguinal herniorrhaphy can be accomplished as an outpatient procedure without
      increased morbidity. This can result in significant savings in hospital bills. We
      suggest that anesthesia for inguinal herniorrhaphy is most satisfactorily
      provided by the combination of a short-acting regional anesthetic agent and a
      long-acting local one.

PMID- 6383097
TI  - Intestinal valve formation with a simple invagination technique.
AB  - In 17 fully conditioned mongrel dogs, the small intestine approximately 50 cm
      proximal to the ileocecal valve was divided. Three centimeters of the proximal
      bowel was then inserted into the distal bowel and anastomosis was performed using
      interrupted 3-0 Dexon sutures in the seromuscular layer of the proximal end and
      through the entire thickness of the distal end. Two to four dogs were then
      sacrificed 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks postoperatively. Two dogs died 3 and 4 weeks
      postoperatively due to mechanical obstruction just proximal to the anastomosis by
      hair bezoar, and 15 survived without complications. Retrograde contrast
      radiologic examination of all segments showed no reflux. Microscopically, the
      serosal surface of the invaginated segment was found to be gradually covered with
      mucosa, and the whole segment formed a valvelike structure within 10 weeks time.

PMID- 6383098
TI  - Failed gastroplasty for morbid obesity. Revised gastroplasty versus Roux-Y
      gastric bypass.
AB  - Forty-six percent of 122 gastroplasties for morbid obesity failed. This included
      a failure rate of 71 percent for a single staple line without stomal
      reinforcement, 37 percent for a double staple line and a central stoma reinforced
      with 2-0 polypropylene, and 42 percent for the Gomez gastroplasty. Revisional
      procedures were performed in 44 patients. Ten underwent revision of a failed
      gastroplasty using a gastrogastrostomy and 34 had conversion to a Roux-Y gastric
      bypass. Patients who had revisional gastroplasty as a second procedure had a
      significantly higher failure and complication rate than those converted to
      gastric bypass. Four of these 10 patients were subsequently converted to gastric
      bypass as their third weight reduction procedure. Conversion of a failed
      gastroplasty to a Roux-Y gastric bypass is a difficult procedure that carried a
      significantly higher complication rate in our study than that of a group of 46
      patients who underwent a primary gastric bypass procedure. Of 26 patients
      followed for more than 1 year after conversion to Roux-Y gastric bypass, the
      average weight loss was 66 +/- 18 percent of their excess body weight. This was
      comparable to 16 patients who had undergone a primary gastric bypass more than 1
      year previously and had lost 69 +/- 17 percent of their excess body weight.

PMID- 6383100
TI  - [Glossary: names of methods of artificial respiration and their abbreviations].

PMID- 6383099
TI  - [Different methods of mechanical respiration and their indications].

PMID- 6383101
TI  - [Testing and endorsement of a respirator].

PMID- 6383102
TI  - [40th anniversary of the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the
      USSR of 8 July 1944 on the "Increase in State Aid for Pregnant Women, Mothers
      with Many Children and Single Mothers, the Strengthening of Maternal and Child
      Welfare, the Establishment of the Honorary Title of "Mother--Heroine" and the
      Founding of the Orders of "Maternal Glory" and the "Medals of Maternity""].

PMID- 6383103
TI  - [Effect of placental transfusion on the volume of circulating blood and its
      components in the newborn infant].

PMID- 6383104
TI  - [Role of adrenergic mechanisms in the regulation of uterine contraction].

PMID- 6383105
TI  - [Syndrome of fetoplacental insufficiency in EPH-gestosis].

PMID- 6383106
TI  - A perspective on science. The language and history of anesthesia.

PMID- 6383107
TI  - Dr. Lawrence Reynolds and his medical history collection.

PMID- 6383108
TI  - [Immunoglobulins, immune complexes and precipitins in allergic diseases].

PMID- 6383109
TI  - [Adjustment of synchronized intermittent ventilation with the Drager Company's
      SIMV Pulmolog].
AB  - When choosing an IMV frequency in a respirator, the aim should be to guarantee a
      minimum of ventilation. With most respirators the "time-window" for the
      synchronisation of the mandatory stroke volume is within the ventilatory cycle.
      Thus, the IMV frequency corresponds to the adjusted minimum mechanical
      ventilation frequency and can be increased only by the patient's spontaneous
      breathing activity. With the Drager "Pulmolog", however, the spontaneous
      breathing phase--not the ventilatory cycle--is already determined by choosing the
      IMV frequency. This difference is most important for daily clinical practice, as
      the minimum IMV frequency may be below the adjusted one. The manufacturer has
      reacted by changing the data on the manufacturer's label.

PMID- 6383110
TI  - [Shock lung (ARDS): glucocorticoids?].
AB  - Numerous experimental investigations have demonstrated the benefit of
      glucocorticoids in the initial phase of the shocklung syndrome (ARDS), showing an
      increasing pulmonary perfusion by blocking the formation of vasoactive substances
      and a stabilization of endothelial and lysosomal membranes; another effect is to
      be seen in the inhibition of neutrophilic chemotaxis and pulmonary leukostasis,
      leading to reduced inflammatory reaction and less severe pulmonary damage.
      Clinical studies of glucocorticoid therapy in ARDS indicate a higher rate of
      surviving patients, when they were treated early and with glucocorticoids in a
      high dosage. The ill-defined condition of ARDS, however, and the use of different
      dosages in most of the studies limit the comparison of success dependent on those
      regimes; e.g. the given dosage varies from a single dose of 250 mg.
      methylprednisolone to several infusions of 30 mg./kg. body weight. According to
      the pharmacokinetics of glucocorticoids, the desired effects cannot be expected
      by application of a single and small dosage. To verify the benefit of high-dosage
      glucocorticoids in ARDS a stronger definition is needed to mark the onset of the
      syndrome and the start of glucocorticoid treatment. Additionally the dosage
      regimen should be standardised.

PMID- 6383111
TI  - Oxytocic drugs and anaesthesia. A controlled clinical trial of ergometrine,
      syntocinon and normal saline during evacuation of the uterus after spontaneous
      abortion.
AB  - A randomised controlled clinical trial compared ergometrine 0.25 mg, syntocinon
      10 mg and normal saline injected intravenously during evacuation of the uterus
      after spontaneous abortion showed no difference between any drug with respect to
      uterine contraction, change in blood pressure, blood loss or postoperative
      vomiting.

PMID- 6383112
TI  - John Snow MD--his early days.
AB  - The early background of John Snow is examined on the basis of some contemporary
      evidence. His birthplace, baptism and early schooling are recorded.

PMID- 6383113
TI  - Aminophylline reversal of diazepam sedation.
AB  - A double-blind randomised study was performed to investigate whether
      aminophylline reversed the sedative effect of diazepam. Thirty-two patients
      undergoing genito-urinary surgery with spinal or topical anaesthesia were given
      diazepam to maintain a state of deep sedation. Postoperatively patients received
      either aminophylline (60-120 mg) or physiological saline intravenously. The
      aminophylline group showed a rapid reversal of sedation, which persisted
      throughout the observation period of 2 hours. No such effect was seen in the
      patients who received saline and the difference was still obvious after 2 hours.
      It is concluded that aminophylline is a potent antagonist to the sedative effect
      of diazepam.

PMID- 6383114
TI  - A double-blind comparison of nefopam and placebo used as a premedication in
      children.
AB  - Forty-two children received either nefopam or a matched placebo as oral
      premedication in a double-blind trial. Nefopam performed no better than placebo
      as a premedication and as postoperative analgesic. Its use is not recommended in
      paediatric anaesthesia because of a significantly high incidence of vomiting on
      awakening.

PMID- 6383115
TI  - A new indicator dilution method for the estimation of surgical blood loss.
AB  - The principles of using indicator dilution techniques for the estimation of blood
      loss on swabs are explained. The feasibility of an intrinsic indicator such as
      intracellular and extracellular potassium ions was investigated. An empirical
      mathematical relationship between the total potassium content per litre of whole
      blood and the haemoglobin concentration of whole blood was established. The
      correlation between these two variables is statistically highly significant. The
      derived total potassium content per litre was then used with the indicator
      dilution technique to calculate the volume of blood lost. The accuracy, sources
      of error and advantages of the technique are discussed.

PMID- 6383116
TI  - A controlled trial of pain on skin infiltration with local anaesthetics.
AB  - A double-blind, randomised controlled trial was performed to compare the pain
      experienced on intradermal and subcutaneous injection of lignocaine 1% with
      adrenaline 1:100,000, lignocaine 1%, procaine 1% and normal saline. A linear
      analogue pain scale was used to assess pain. Lignocaine with adrenaline caused
      the most pain and was more painful than lignocaine 1%, which in turn was more
      painful than procaine or normal saline. These differences were significant at p
      less than 0.05 or greater for all comparisons except procaine 1% and normal
      saline. In conclusion, procaine 1% appears to be the local anaesthetic of choice
      from among those tested for intradermal and subcutaneous injection.

PMID- 6383117
TI  - Epidural pethidine for relief of episiotomy pain.
AB  - Epidural pethidine was compared with epidural saline for relief of pain from
      episiotomy wounds. Pethidine 25 mg administered by the lumbar epidural route
      produced significant analgesia. However, the incidence and severity of episiotomy
      pain are so variable that routine use of the technique is not recommended.

PMID- 6383118
TI  - Differentiation of endopeptidases and aminopeptidases by high-performance liquid
      chromatography of reaction products from chromogenic peptide p-nitroanilines as
      substrates.
AB  - A method for differentiating endopeptidases and aminopeptidases on the basis of
      substrate specificity is presented. Various synthetic chromogenic substrates,
      succinyl-(Ala)3-p-nitroaniline, succinyl-(Ala)2-p-nitroaniline, (Ala)3-p
      nitroaniline, and (Ala)2-p-nitroaniline, were incubated with various peptidases
      and the incubation mixtures were directly analyzed by high-performance liquid
      chromatography to determine the splitting patterns of these substrates by the
      enzymes. The substrates and hydrolyzed products containing the chromophore were
      separated on a reverse-phase column under isocratic conditions, and the
      chromophore was specifically detected in the effluent fractions by absorbance
      measurement at 314 nm. Endopeptidases, leucine aminopeptidase, and dipeptidyl
      aminopeptidase showed different patterns of cleavage of the substrates. This
      simple and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure is suitable
      for identifying the above activities in different fractions obtained during
      separation and purification studies. The same approach was applied to the
      simultaneous determination of three types of endopeptidase activities in rat
      tissues based on the ability of the enzymes to hydrolyze different sites in
      succinyl-(Ala)3-p-nitroaniline.

PMID- 6383119
TI  - A quantitative assay for the hydrolysis of structurally intact basement
      membranes.
AB  - A quantitative assay has been developed for the hydrolysis of native bovine
      anterior lens capsule basement membrane fragments. The rationale for using
      structurally intact membrane fragments as the substrate in enzyme assays is that
      the proteinase susceptibility of the various basement membrane components differs
      when examined individually compared to when they are present in their native
      state. The assay is based upon the solubilization of 3H-bound protein from a
      finely ground suspension of [3H]acetylated basement membranes. The acetylation
      reaction and the fragmentation procedure do not alter the morphology or
      proteinase susceptibility of the membranes. The initial rate of release of
      radiolabeled digestion fragments by six different proteinases is approximately
      linear over the first 15% of hydrolysis, and the initial rates obtained are
      proportional to the amount of enzyme over a wide range of enzyme concentrations.
      The labeling index of 3810 cpm/micrograms of basement membrane used in this study
      permits the solubilization of 50 ng of protein to be detected easily. Some
      information about the size of the protein fragments solubilized can be obtained
      by addition of trichloroacetic (5% w/v)-tannic acid (0.25% w/v) reagent to the
      supernatants from the assays, since this reagent appears to selectively
      precipitate larger fragments. An additional feature of this assay is that, since
      the substrate is radiolabeled, one can selectively visualize and analyze the size
      distribution of the digestion products by carrying out sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel
      electrophoresis with fluorographic detection. Based on the observation that these
      intact membranes are extensively digested by a number of common proteinases which
      have widely different substrate specificities, it appears that the hypothesis
      that a highly specific proteinase or class of proteinases is necessary for
      basement membrane catabolism is specious .

PMID- 6383120
TI  - Measurement of plasma histamine by stable isotope dilution gas chromatography
      mass spectrometry: methodology and normal values.
AB  - A new method for the determination of histamine by stable isotope dilution mass
      fragmentography is described. The method is specific, sensitive, and accurate,
      resulting in a within-day coefficient of variation of 4.1% and a day-to-day
      variation of 7.9%. It was shown that the first blood sample after a venipuncture
      can contain an artificially elevated plasma histamine concentration. Platelets
      contain about 7 pmol histamine/10(9) cells. Serum histamine was elevated about
      four times in comparison with plasma histamine. This phenomenon was mainly
      ascribed to degranulation of basophilic leukocytes by complement activation
      during blood clotting. Normal values for plasma histamine were (n = 25) 2.07 +/-
      0.75 nmol/liter (mean +/- 1 SD), which is one of the lowest values reported up to
      now.

PMID- 6383122
TI  - Ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of lysozyme in the mucociliary
      epithelium of the rabbit endocervix in different hormonal states.
AB  - The distribution of lysozyme in the endocervix of estrous, pseudopregnant, and
      ovariectomized rabbits was studied using two different immunocytochemical
      techniques--the unlabeled antibody enzyme method of Sternberger et al. (1970) and
      the peroxidase-labeled antibody method of Taylor and Burns (1974). With both
      procedures, a fine immunostaining precipitate was seen over the entire area of
      basal mucous granules, while immunodeposits were coarser and mostly located in
      the outer zone of central and apical granules. A nonspecific staining was noted
      when tissues were reacted with peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex alone. This
      troublesome artifact was abolished by preincubating tissues with human IgA. This
      step did not affect the specific immunostaining for lysozyme yet nonspecific
      staining was absent from specificity and method controls carried out for both
      immunocytochemical procedures. The presence of high levels of lysozyme in the
      endocervical epithelium of estrous rabbits was also confirmed in enzymatically
      isolated endocervical epithelia using the lysoplate method of Osserman and Lawlor
      (1966). Mucous granules and immunostainable intracellular lysozyme were abundant
      during estrus, decreased during early pseudopregnancy, and were absent after long
      term ovariectomy. However, they were restored by the administration of estradiol
      (5 micrograms/12 hours/10 days) to ovariectomized animals. These data indicate a
      common hormonal regulation and secretory mechanism for endocervical mucous
      glycoproteins and lysozyme.

PMID- 6383123
TI  - Enrichment of lysozyme-containing cells from the rabbit endocervix by unit
      gravity sedimentation.
AB  - Lysozyme is a bacteriolytic enzyme component of the secretory granules of
      endocervical mucous cells. In order to study the subcellular distribution of this
      enzyme in specific cell populations, endocervical cells from estrous and 5-day
      pseudopregnant rabbits were separated by unit gravity sedimentation. The
      application of this technique to pronase-dispersed endocervical cells from
      estrous rabbits resulted in the isolation and enrichment of two mucous cell types
      that were distinguished morphologically into type I and type II cell populations.
      Lysozyme was identified in both cell types, using an unlabeled antibody enzyme
      method, and the degree of staining paralleled the number of mucous granules. In
      the absence of estrogen dominance in 5-day pseudopregnant rabbits, there was a
      50% reduction in the number of mucous cells with a concomitant reduction in both
      the number of secretory granules per cell and the intracellular concentration of
      lysozyme. In the absence of ovarian steroid hormones, i.e., 15-16 weeks after
      ovariectomy, endocervical cells were devoid of secretory granules and lysozyme
      staining was negative. Enriched populations of endocervical cells represent a
      potential experimental model for studying the hormonal role in the regulation of
      lysozyme synthesis by specific cell populations.

PMID- 6383121
TI  - Immunohistochemical demonstration of the serotonin neuron system in the central
      nervous system of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana.
AB  - The distribution of serotonin immunoreactivity in the brain of the bullfrog (Rana
      catesbeiana) was studied, using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP)
      immunohistochemical method with serotonin antiserum. The somata of the serotonin
      neurons were mainly located in the raphe regions of the brain stem from the level
      of the caudal mesencephalon to that of the spinomedullary junction. A small
      number of serotonin neurons were also distributed as cerebrospinal-fluid
      contacting neurons in the preoptic recess organ (PRO), the paraventricular organ
      (PVO), and the nucleus infundibularis dorsalis (Nid). In the raphe region, these
      serotonin neurons formed nearly-continuous bilaterally-symmetrical cell columns
      along the midline of the brain stem, divided into lateral and medial groups. The
      medial group was further subdivided into rostral and caudal parts. Processes of
      the serotonin neurons were widely distributed in the central nervous system,
      forming dense networks in various regions. The greatest concentrations of these
      fibers were in the nucleus medialis septi, lateral portion of striatum, nucleus
      corporis geniculi, nucleus entopeduncularis, periventricular gray of ventral
      hypothalamus, optic tectum, nucleus isthmi, nucleus interpeduncularis, dorsal
      edge of medulla oblongata, and fasciculus solitarius.

PMID- 6383124
TI  - Molecular events leading to fertilization--a review.
AB  - Fertilization consists of a sequence of complex events which culminates in the
      fusion of the genetic information provided by two parent cells, thus leading to
      the formation of a new individuum. The male gamete develops in the testis,
      acquires forward motility and fertilizing capacity during maturation in the
      epididymis, and after capacitation undergoes the acrosome reaction in the female
      reproductive tract. The female gamete matures in the cyclically developing
      follicles and, by the time of ovulation, reaches a quiescent stage at metaphase
      II of meiosis. Gamete fusion occurs in the distal tube, and involves a series of
      modifications on the egg surface and its investments, intended to protect the
      developing embryo from polyspermy.

PMID- 6383125
TI  - [Diagnosis of heart failure by means of radiocardiography in the early
      postoperative period of patients who have undergone aortocoronary bypass].

PMID- 6383126
TI  - [Development and hemodynamic studies of a new model of experimental progressive
      hypertension due to restriction of the growth of the aorta in rats].

PMID- 6383128
TI  - Asthma: a panoramic view and a hypothesis.

PMID- 6383129
TI  - [Lipoprotein lipase].
AB  - Functional LPL is located on the membrane of the endothelial cells which line the
      capillaries, in direct contact with circulating blood. By means of LPL, the tg
      contained in VLDL and plasma chylomicrons are hydrolysed. The fatty acids
      released by this hydrolysis can then be taken up, for oxidative use or for
      storage (such as adipocytes which store these fatty acids in the form of tg. A
      deficiency of LPL or of an LPL activator (such as apo CII) or the presence of in
      vivo inhibitors of LPL obviously results in a hypertriglyceridaemia. These cases
      are nevertheless relatively rare.

PMID- 6383130
TI  - Amikacin assay: correlation between rapid bioassay, enzyme immuno-assay (EMIT)
      and fluoro-immuno-assay (FIA).
AB  - Three methods (rapid bioassay, enzyme immunoassay and fluoroimmunoassay) for the
      determination of amikacin level in serum are compared. The statistical analysis
      of the results show correlation coefficients equal to 0.967 (EMIT versus FIA),
      0.970 (bioassay versus FIA) and 0.983 (bioassay versus EMIT). The three methods
      are acceptable for routine clinical use. The enzyme immunoassay adapted on a
      centrifugal analyzer appears to be a method of choice for laboratories with a
      large workload. However, the rapid bioassay described in this paper remains
      adequate for laboratories testing 5 to 10 sera per day.

PMID- 6383127
TI  - Buflomedil in arterial occlusive disease: results of a controlled multicenter
      study.
AB  - In a double-blind, randomised multicentre study buflomedil, a vasoactive
      substance, was compared with placebo in the treatment of 93 patients with chronic
      arterial occlusive disease. After a run-in period of four weeks the patients
      received either buflomedil (600 mg daily) or placebo over 12 weeks. The pain-free
      and the total walking distances improved significantly in both groups. However,
      the differences in the improvement between the two groups were highly significant
      and in favour of buflomedil: for the pain-free walking distance p less than 0.001
      and for the total walking distance p less than 0.01. The results indicate that
      buflomedil has a beneficial effect on the symptoms and lengthens the walking
      distance in patients with arterial occlusive disease.

PMID- 6383131
TI  - [Plasma exchange].

PMID- 6383132
TI  - Pericardiocentesis in traumatic and nontraumatic cardiac tamponade.

PMID- 6383133
TI  - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation research 1960-1984: discoveries and advances.
AB  - The 24-year history of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can be divided into
      four eras. The first (1960-1962) was the era of serendipitous discovery and
      description of "closed-chest cardiac massage" by Kouwenhoven and colleagues.
      Closed-chest heart massage was combined with artificial ventilation, and became
      known as CPR. The second (1962-1968) was the era of skepticism, in which CPR was
      challenged by investigators whose observations of hemodynamics were not in
      concert with the proposed mechanism of blood flow. The equality of arterial and
      central venous pressures during chest compression seemingly belied the proposed
      mechanism of blood flow during CPR, and raised questions about the effectiveness
      of the technique. The third era (1968-1976) was one of acceptance and
      complacency. The effectiveness had become established through widespread use in
      coronary care units, catheterization laboratories, and prehospital emergency
      systems, and open-chest cardiac massage was completely supplanted by CPR in
      virtually every resuscitation effort. The current era (1976-present) is the era
      of rediscovery and refinement, beginning with the observation that blood flow and
      pressure can be generated during cardiac arrest by coughing ("cough CPR"),
      without actual compression of the chest or heart, and that augmentation of
      arterial pressure and carotid blood flow resulted from simultaneous compression
      and ventilation (SCV-CPR or "new CPR"). The current era has provided a new
      explanation of the mechanism of blood flow during CPR and alternative methods of
      maintaining perfusion during cardiac arrest.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6383134
TI  - Interposed abdominal compression CPR versus standard CPR in prehospital
      cardiopulmonary arrest: preliminary results.
AB  - Recent studies evaluating interposed abdominal compression cardiopulmonary
      resuscitation (IAC-CPR) have demonstrated a significant increase in cardiac
      output, mean arterial pressure, and cerebral perfusion compared with standard
      CPR. A clinical evaluation of IAC-CPR effectiveness on resuscitation outcome has
      not been reported. A prospective, randomized study comparing IAC-CPR with
      standard CPR for resuscitation of prehospital cardiopulmonary arrest was
      developed utilizing the Milwaukee County Paramedic System. When the paramedics
      arrive, standard CPR is initiated or continued, and countershocks are delivered
      when appropriate. The patients are randomized into IAC-CPR and standard CPR
      groups immediately following endotracheal intubation. Abdominal compression force
      is standardized to 100 mm Hg +/- 20 mm Hg by using a simple airfilled bladder and
      gauge to monitor each compression. Resuscitations are conducted according to
      standard advanced cardiac life support guidelines through continuous radio
      telemetry contact with a base physician. Since October 1983, 140 patients have
      qualified for the study group. Seventy patients had standard CPR and 30% (21/70)
      were admitted to the emergency department with a rhythm and pulse, as were 34%
      (24/70) of the patients treated with IAC-CPR. The difference between study groups
      was not significant. To determine if abdominal compression increases
      regurgitation, the frequency of emesis before and after intubation was analyzed.
      No significant difference was found between the IAC-CPR and standard CPR
      groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6383135
TI  - A randomized comparison study of bretylium tosylate and lidocaine in
      resuscitation of patients from out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation in a
      paramedic system.
AB  - A prospective, randomized study using either bretylium tosylate (BT) or lidocaine
      (L) as the first-line antiarrhythmic for patients in refractory ventricular
      fibrillation was conducted using the Milwaukee County Paramedic System. If the
      patient did not respond to the initial American Heart Association protocol, BT
      (10 to 30 mg/kg total) or L (2 to 3 mg/kg total) was given randomly as the first
      antiarrhythmic. If the patient failed to convert, the alternate antiarrhythmic
      was given. In the L group, 81% (39/48) of the patients obtained an organized
      electrical rhythm and 56% (27/48) converted to a rhythm with a pulse. The
      resuscitation rate (admission to an emergency department with pulse) was 23%
      (11/48), and the save rate was 10.4% (5/48). In the BT group, 74% (32/43)
      obtained an organized electrical rhythm, 35% (15/43) were converted, 23% (10/43)
      were resuscitated, and 5% (2/43) were saved. The only significant difference in
      outcome was that L converted patients better than did BT (P less than .05). Of
      the 24 patients known to be on digitalis preparations prior to arrest, 41% (5/12)
      in the L group were resuscitated and 16% (2/12) were resuscitated in the BT
      group. Data were analyzed for witnessed arrest outcome and for patients given
      multiple antiarrhythmics.

PMID- 6383136
TI  - Ventricular fibrillation masquerading as asystole.
AB  - True asystole and electromechanical dissociation do not respond to electrical
      shock. Nevertheless there are anecdotal stories of physicians who, out of
      frustration, delivered defibrillation shocks to patients "in asystole" only to
      find that "defibrillation" resulted in the restoration of normal sinus rhythm.
      The explanation for this apparent paradox perhaps relates to our recent
      observation that ventricular fibrillation (VF) may masquerade as asystole if only
      one electrocardiographic (ECG) lead is monitored. We noted that in patients with
      atrial fibrillation, fibrillatory waves were often of very low amplitude or were
      not apparent in lead I, yet were obvious in lead VI. This suggests an anterior
      electrical vector in atrial fibrillation. To determine whether there was a
      dominant electrical vector in subjects in VF, 21 dogs were placed in VF and
      standard 12-lead ECGs were recorded at intervals. In two-thirds of the animals
      one lead showed no electrical activity (electrical asystole), while obvious VF
      was apparent in all the other leads. Thus, if only one lead is monitored, VF may
      masquerade as asystole. McDonald recently confirmed this phenomenon in man.
      Before one decides not to defibrillate a patient with an asystolic rhythm, one
      should quickly monitor another lead or change the monitoring electrode paddles 90
      degrees to look at the electrical activity in a different plane.

PMID- 6383137
TI  - Atropine in asystole: human studies.
AB  - Current research supporting the use of atropine for asystole is limited. Reported
      in the literature are the cases of 26 patients who presented with a rhythm of
      asystole. Of these, only eight were clearly in refractory asystole after
      epinephrine and sodium bicarbonate, only seven were prehospital patients, and
      only two were delineated as being intubated. Despite such limited data, atropine
      has been advocated for asystole, and use of the drug is included in the
      recommendations of the American Heart Association. We undertook a retrospective
      review of our prehospital experience with refractory asystole for a four-year
      period from January 1979 to December 1982. All patients with trauma or poisoning
      and all pediatric arrests were excluded. All patients who received calcium
      chloride during resuscitation also were excluded. One hundred seventy patients
      presented in cardiorespiratory arrest with an initial rhythm of asystole. Of
      these, 84 remained in refractory asystole after receiving epinephrine and sodium
      bicarbonate. Forty-three patients in this group received atropine. The successful
      resuscitation rate in the atropine group was 14% (6/43), while in the control
      group it was 0% (0/41) (P less than .04). A successful resuscitation was defined
      as conveyance of a patient with a rhythm and a pulse to an emergency department.
      Patients were compared for age, sex, witnessing of arrest, cardiac history, and
      cardiac drugs. No other significant differences were noted between groups. No
      patient who received atropine for refractory asystole was discharged alive.

PMID- 6383138
TI  - High-dose corticosteroids in the treatment of pulseless idioventricular rhythm.
AB  - Pulseless idioventricular rhythm (PIVR) is a slow electrical rhythm of
      ventricular origin without mechanical activity, and it is associated with a
      mortality rate that approaches 100%. In 1976 high-dose corticosteroids were
      advocated as beneficial in the treatment of PIVR. A critical review of the early
      literature suggests that the favorable outcome may have been attributable to
      variables other than treatment with high-dose steroids. Recent prospective
      clinical trials have not confirmed the salutory effect of steroids in this
      dysrhythmia.

PMID- 6383139
TI  - Calcium chloride: reassessment of use in asystole.
AB  - Calcium chloride has been advocated since the 1920s for resuscitation of asystole
      and ventricular fibrillation. Most reports have been anecdotal, and have failed
      to substantiate its effectiveness. In two large retrospective series with a
      collective experience of 181 patients, investigators reviewed the effectiveness
      of calcium chloride in asystole and did not support its use. A prospective,
      randomized, double-blind study comparing calcium chloride with saline in the
      prehospital setting was done. Patients with trauma or pediatric arrests were
      excluded. During the period from October 1982 to October 1983, a total of 32
      patients with witnessed arrests presented with a rhythm of asystole and were
      refractory to epinephrine, bicarbonate, and atropine. The rate of successful
      resuscitation in the calcium group was 5.6% (1/18), and there were no successful
      resuscitations (0/14) in the saline group (P = .37). A successful resuscitation
      was defined as conveyance of a patient with a rhythm and pulse to an emergency
      department. Groups were analyzed for sex, age, cardiac history, and cardiac
      drugs, and there were no statistically significant differences. No patient who
      was successfully resuscitated in the field was discharged alive from the
      hospital. Calcium chloride is of no value in resuscitating refractory asystole in
      the prehospital cardiac arrest setting.

PMID- 6383140
TI  - Developments in transcutaneous and transthoracic pacing during bradyasystolic
      arrest.
AB  - Transthoracic cardiac pacing historically has been relegated to the role of the
      technique of last resort in treating cardiac arrest. Recent studies have shown
      that this technique has a high rate of successful electrical capture, but often
      without mechanical activity. Survival rates have been shown to be dismal when the
      technique is used late in cardiac arrest. Results of several recent studies of
      patients paced by the transcutaneous technique have suggested that electrical
      capture can often be rapidly obtained in asystolic or pulseless bradycardic
      patients. Even though electrical capture can occur late in a cardiac arrest, the
      development of mechanical activity with survival is rare. Survivors generally
      have been treated early in their arrest and have had hemodynamically ineffective
      bradycardias. These findings suggest that rapid initiation of transcutaneous
      pacing in patients with Stokes-Adams attacks, increasing heart block associated
      with myocardial ischemia, postdefibrillation asystole, or pulseless bradycardia
      may improve survival. However, victims of a prolonged cardiac arrest whose
      myocardium has irreversibly ceased to function mechanically are unlikely to
      benefit from any pacing technique.

PMID- 6383141
TI  - Immediate countershock treatment of asystole.
AB  - While rapid intervention with basic cardiac life support and prompt delivery of
      prehospital care using advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) have yielded
      impressive results in the resuscitation of other arrest rhythms, very little
      improvement has been shown in the rates of resuscitation from asystole. Anecdotal
      reports list instances in which patients in asystole have had normal cardiac
      activity restored after defibrillation. Current ACLS protocols for initial
      evaluation recommend a single-lead "quick-look" interpretation of cardiac rhythm
      using portable defibrillator paddles. Under these conditions, ventricular
      fibrillation could masquerade as, or be misinterpreted as, asystole. We report
      preliminary field results in a medically controlled paramedic system using "quick
      look" interpretation and immediate defibrillation of "asystole" by well-trained
      paramedics. Following initial countershock, standard ACLS protocols for asystole
      were used. For an eight-month period 119 patients were entered into the study and
      compared to system controls of asystolic patients presenting in the previous
      year. While ten patients (8.4%) showed an immediate rhythm change after initial
      countershock and six of ten reached the hospital with a rhythm and a pulse, no
      statistically significant comparison could be made regarding improved
      resuscitation or survival rates. The finding of no statistically significant
      deterioration of resuscitation or survival rates, however, justifies the
      continuation of the study.

PMID- 6383142
TI  - The role of epinephrine in CPR: a reappraisal.
AB  - Epinephrine is the recommended drug for use in resuscitation from all types of
      cardiac arrest. Experimental evidence has shown that the actions of epinephrine
      important for the restoration of spontaneous circulation are mediated by the
      alpha-adrenergic properties. The beta-adrenergic effects do not aid restoration
      of spontaneous circulation, nor do they aid defibrillation; however, beta
      adrenergic stimulation does increase the oxygen consumption of the fibrillating
      myocardium, a potentially deleterious effect. The important factor in restoring
      spontaneous circulation appears to be development of adequate coronary blood flow
      by increasing coronary perfusion pressure (aortic diastolic minus right atrial
      pressure). Aortic diastolic pressure can be increased by any potent alpha
      adrenergic agonist. Because phenylephrine and methoxamine do not have significant
      beta-adrenergic actions, they should be considered as alternatives to epinephrine
      for aid in restoring spontaneous circulation. Once spontaneous circulation is
      restored, alpha-and/or beta-adrenergic agonists may be needed for circulatory
      support. Which drugs will provide the best longterm survival has not been
      established.

PMID- 6383143
TI  - Recent advances in cardiopulmonary-cerebral resuscitation: a review.
AB  - Standard external CPR (SECPR) steps A, B, and C can maintain the brain's
      viability if started immediately, but not after prolonged arrest times. "New CPR"
      (simultaneous ventilation-compression CPR, SVC-CPR) is not suitable for basic
      life support, and may not be physiologically superior to optimally performed
      SECPR. The superiority of interposed abdominal compression CPR (IAC-CPR) over
      SECPR for basic life support is also uncertain. Open-chest CPR is physiologically
      superior to all external CPR methods studied thus far. Open-chest CPR should
      again be taught to physicians, and used more often after prolonged cardiac
      arrest. In intractable cases of cardiac arrest, particularly after prolonged
      arrest times or cold water drowning, cardiopulmonary bypass appears promising.
      After restoration of normal perfusion pressures and blood gases, a brain-oriented
      intensive care protocol for the support of extracerebral organs leads to better
      outcome than "usual care." Reflow promoting measures, particularly intracarotid
      hypertensive hemodilution, ameliorate postarrest brain damage and should be
      developed for clinical use. Barbiturates have been shown to exert no breakthrough
      effect on outcome after cardiac arrest, but are safe in the hands of those
      skilled in advanced intensive care. Barbiturates may be of adjunctive value after
      prolonged cardiac arrest, particularly when used to suppress seizures, facilitate
      controlled ventilation, and reduce intracranial pressure. Calcium entry blockers
      have been shown in animal models to improve hemodynamics and cerebral outcome
      postarrest, but not consistently.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6383144
TI  - Ethical aspects of cardiopulmonary-cerebral resuscitation research.

PMID- 6383145
TI  - Neutrophil adherence and movement in poorly and well-controlled diabetic dogs.
AB  - Neutrophil adherence, random movement, and chemotaxis were quantitated in healthy
      nondiabetic dogs and in dogs with experimentally induced diabetes mellitus. On
      the basis of glycosylated serum protein values, the diabetic dogs were subdivided
      into well-controlled and poorly controlled groups. Neutrophil adherence was
      decreased significantly in poorly controlled diabetic dogs, but significant
      differences in neutrophil adherences were not found between nondiabetic and well
      controlled diabetic dogs. Significant differences in neutrophil random or
      chemotactic movements were not found between non-diabetic and diabetic dogs. The
      decreased neutrophil adherence observed in poorly controlled diabetic dogs may
      predispose these animals to bacterial infection. Therefore, stringent regulation
      of blood glucose concentrations may decrease the frequency of secondary bacterial
      infections in spontaneous diabetes mellitus in dogs.

PMID- 6383146
TI  - Excretion of [3H]prednisolone in clinically normal and experimentally infected
      bovine udders.
AB  - The excretion rate of [3H]prednisolone from clinically normal and experimentally
      infected udders of 10 lactating cows was studied. Each quarter of 6 cows was
      injected with a single dose of [3H]prednisolone mixed with non-radioactive
      prednisolone equivalent to 10 mg in 10 ml of peanut oil base. Each of the
      remaining 4 cows was given 40 mg of nonradioactive prednisolone and
      [3H]prednisolone in 60% ethanol IV. Control and postadministration samples of
      blood, milk, and urine were examined for radioactivity. The effects of
      [3H]prednisolone were evaluated in the same cows, first in clinically normal
      udders, then 2 weeks later in udders experimentally infected with Streptococcus
      agalactiae. Absorption and elimination of prednisolone were the same before and
      after induced infection. Within 3 hours after intramammary injection, 95% of the
      labeled prednisolone was absorbed systemically, less than 5% of this dose was
      recovered in milk, and 29% was excreted in urine. After IV injection of
      [3H]prednisolone, less than 0.2% of the total radioactivity was recovered in milk
      and less than 46% was excreted in urine. Clinical mastitis induced by S
      agalactiae was moderate. Circulating blood leukocytes and somatic cells in the
      milk of normal cows remained essentially unchanged. The leukocyte response to
      induced infection was rapid in blood and milk. Large numbers of leukocytes were
      noticed in the milk and a severe leukopenia occurred. Prednisolone treatment did
      not alter the number of somatic cells in milk or reduce the inflammatory response
      of experimentally infected cows.

PMID- 6383147
TI  - Research needs on internal parasites of horses.
AB  - The importance of the horse industry to the economy of the United States and the
      impact of parasitic infections on the industry are well documented. However,
      contemporary research activity on internal parasites of horses has not kept pace
      with growth of the horse population. Parasitic infections are a major facet of
      enteritis and colic in horses. Parasites are also associated with poor growth and
      development, respiratory tract disease, dermatitis, and CNS lesions. Babesia
      infections remain a threat to horses imported from some regions of the world.
      Most research activity has dealt with the development of new antiparasitic drugs.
      Efforts must be made to integrate these studies with observations on the
      bionomics of parasites in different regions and under different management
      conditions into more effective and less costly integrated parasite control
      programs. Increased research activity concerning the pathogenesis and immune
      response to equine parasitic infections is also necessary. A better understanding
      of these factors will lead to improved diagnostic, treatment, and preventative
      measures. Specific research objectives designed to produce short-term and long
      term benefits are suggested.

PMID- 6383148
TI  - Age-related renal, hematologic, and hemostatic abnormalities in FH/Wjd rats.
AB  - This longitudinal study compared the renal morphologic changes and hemostatic
      defects of FH/Wjd rats at different ages. A second aim was to determine whether
      the bleeding tendency becomes intensified in older animals by the concomitant
      renal disease. Results indicated that reduced capacity for platelet 14C-serotonin
      release (P less than 0.01) was found for each age group studied in comparison
      with Wistar controls. The nephropathy of old FH/Wjd male rats was more severe
      than that in either FH/Wjd females or age-matched Wistars of both sexes. The
      mesangial lesions showed abundant deposits of factor VIII-related antigen,
      fibronectin, and immunoglobulins, but not C3, along with tightly packed or loose
      electron-dense material. Polyethylene glycol precipitation and platelet
      aggregation tests detected small amounts of circulating immune complex-like
      material. Old FH/Wjd rats did not develop edema, and the glomerular filtration
      rate remained normal despite the persistent proteinuria, hematuria, and arterial
      hypertension characteristic of this strain. Our data indicated that the
      congenital platelet dysfunction does not become more severe in older animals and
      that the nephropathy seems unrelated, does not appear to be mediated by immune
      complexes, and, in contrast to the focal segmental glomerulosclerosis of persons,
      the lesions progress without a parallel impairment of renal function.

PMID- 6383149
TI  - Cell-mediated immune response in cattle to bovine respiratory syncytial virus.
AB  - Cattle inoculated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) were evaluated
      for the development of a cell-mediated immune response. Results of the leukocyte
      migration-inhibition test under agarose and the delayed hypersensitivity test
      indicated that a cell-mediated immune response was elicited after intranasal
      inoculation of calves with BRSV. Migration inhibition in the leukocyte migration
      inhibition test was detected by postinoculation day (PID) 5 and reached maximum
      inhibition on PID 21. Inhibition of leukocyte migration was still evident by PID
      42 when values were still appreciably greater than preinoculation values. All of
      the calves inoculated with BRSV developed a delayed hypersensitivity skin
      response when challenge exposed intradermally with BRSV antigen.

PMID- 6383151
TI  - Pathogenesis of experimental bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in
      sheep.
AB  - Conventionally reared lambs, seronegative to bovine respiratory syncytial virus
      (RSV), were inoculated with bovine RSV by an aerosol route. A mild clinical
      response, characterized by transient fever at postinoculation day (PID) 4,
      occurred and was accompanied by serous oculonasal secretions in less than 50% of
      the infected lambs. A decrease in total WBC was observed on PID 6 and 11, with a
      reduction in the total numbers of lymphocytes. Bovine RSV was recovered from
      nasal secretions of inoculated lambs from PID 2 to 6. The lambs were
      euthanatized, and at necropsy, the virus was only isolated from lambs killed
      between PID 2 and 4. Serum neutralizing antibodies were noticed as early as PID 6
      and peaked at PID 13 to 15. Neutralizing antibodies were also detected at low
      concentration in pulmonary washings. Viral antigen was mainly located in alveolar
      walls and occasionally in bronchiolar epithelium and alveolar macrophages in
      lambs killed between PID 2 to 4. Later, specific fluorescence was only present in
      alveolar walls and was not observed in tissue from lambs killed after PID 22.
      Budding and free virus-like particles were observed by electron microscopy in
      type I and type II alveolar epithelial cells. Outstanding macroscopic lesions
      were not seen. Histologically, mild bronchiolitis and alveolitis were observed.

PMID- 6383150
TI  - Bacteria isolated from lymph nodes of California slaughter swine.
AB  - Lymph nodes from 280 slaughter swine from 9 California ranches were examined for
      the presence of aerobic microflora. Genera of interest which were isolated (and
      percentage of animals from which they were isolated) included Salmonella (4.3%),
      beta-hemolytic streptococci (8.2%), Mycobacterium avium-complex (6.4%),
      Corynebacterium pyogenes (0.4%), and Aeromonas hydrophila (5.7%). Patterns of
      bacterial isolations from swine herds may be of assistance in predicting herd
      health problems.

PMID- 6383152
TI  - Interaction of bovine respiratory syncytial virus and Pasteurella haemolytica in
      the ovine lung.
AB  - The potential synergistic effect of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and
      Pasteurella haemolytica in the production of pneumonia after aerosol/intranasal
      infection of conventionally reared lambs was evaluated. A mild clinical response
      was observed in lambs given virus and/or bacteria. Gross pulmonary lesions were
      seen in 3 of 6 lambs given RSV and then P haemolytica 3 or 6 days later,
      respectively (groups D and E), and in 1 lamb of 5 given virus and bacteria
      simultaneously (group G). Gross lesions were not seen in control sheep (group A),
      in lambs given virus or bacteria alone (groups B and C), or in lambs exposed to
      bacteria and then virus 3 days later (group F). Bovine RSV and P haemolytica were
      recovered from the lungs of 5 of 7 lambs with macroscopic lesions. Gross
      pulmonary lesions were cranioventral firm areas of red consolidation.
      Microscopically, the predominant lesion was a suppurative bronchopneumonia.
      Bovine RSV was recovered from the nasal cavity of 8 of 27 (30%) lambs given RSV
      during days 3 to 6 after viral inoculation, including 1 lamb in group B, 2 in
      groups D, E, and F, and 1 in group G. Pasteurella haemolytica was recovered from
      the nasal cavity of 9 of 28 (32%) inoculated lambs, including 2 lambs from groups
      C and E, 3 in group D, and 1 in groups F and G. Viral antigen, as determined by
      immunofluorescence, was concentrated mainly in individual cells in alveolar
      walls, some alveolar macrophages, and a few bronchiolar epithelial cells. In
      vitro alveolar macrophage assays indicated decreased numbers of Fc receptors on
      those macrophages collected from lambs given RSV 6 days before P haemolytica
      infection, as compared with that in the other groups. These cellular defects
      disappeared after 24 hours of culture. Seemingly, bovine RSV does facilitate P
      haemolytica pulmonary infection in conventional, immuno-competent lambs and
      provides evidence for decreased Fc receptors on alveolar macrophages.

PMID- 6383153
TI  - In vitro production of inhibitors of monocyte locomotion by the granuloma of
      sarcoidosis.
AB  - To assess the ability of the sarcoidal granuloma to modify peripheral mononuclear
      cell function, we assayed the culture supernatants of cutaneous granulomata for
      modulators of monocyte locomotion. The supernatants of granulomata from each of
      11 patients contained a cell-directed inhibitor of monocyte leukotaxis. No
      inhibitory activity was detected in the supernatants of histologically normal
      skin biopsies. The inhibitor acted only on monocytes, possessed a molecular
      weight of 230,000 daltons, and was clearly distinct from migration inhibition
      factor (MIF), leukotactic lymphokines, and immunoglobulins. A physicochemically
      and functionally indistinguishable inhibitor was present in patient plasma.
      Production of the inhibitor by the granuloma required active protein synthesis.
      Culture supernatants also contained MIF and a leukotaxin inactivator. These
      observations indicate the potential of the sarcoidal granuloma to exert local
      and, perhaps, systemic regulation of inflammatory processes.

PMID- 6383154
TI  - Chronic air-flow limitation does not increase respiratory epithelial permeability
      assessed by aerosolized solute, but smoking does.
AB  - To determine the separate influences of smoking and severe air-flow limitation on
      aerosol deposition and respiratory epithelial permeability, we studied 26 normal
      nonsmokers, 12 smokers without airway obstruction, 12 nonsmokers with chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and 11 smokers with COPD. We aerosolized
      99mTc-labeled diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid to particles approximately 1
      micron activity median aerodynamic diameter. Levels of radioactivity were plotted
      semilogarithmically against time to calculate clearance as percent per minute.
      The distribution of radioactivity was homogeneous in control subjects and in
      smokers, but patchy in both groups with COPD. No difference was found between
      clearances of the control group (1.18 +/- 0.31% min-1), and nonsmoker COPD group
      (1.37 +/- 0.82% min-1), whereas values in smokers without COPD (4.00 +/- 1.70%
      min-1) and smokers with COPD (3.62 +/- 2.88% min-1) were significantly greater
      than in both nonsmoking groups. We conclude that (1) small particles appear to
      deposit peripherally, even with severe COPD; (2) respiratory epithelial
      permeability is normal in nonsmokers with COPD; (3) smoking increases
      permeability by a mechanism unrelated to air-flow limitation.

PMID- 6383155
TI  - Noninvasive determination of total respiratory system compliance in infants by
      the weighted-spirometer method.
AB  - The weighted-spirometer method for noninvasive determination of static total
      respiratory system compliance (Crs) was adapted for use in infants. Ten normal
      newborns and 5 infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) were studied. The
      newborns had a mean Crs of 3.8 ml/cm H2O. Their mean specific Crs was 1.13 ml/cm
      H2O/kg body weight and 0.075 ml/cm H2O/cm body length. These Crs values were
      similar to those reported by other investigators who used the Hering-Breuer
      airway occlusion technique. The infants with BPD, who were of the same weight,
      height, and postconception age as the normal newborns, had significantly (p less
      than 0.05) lower mean specific Crs (0.60 ml/cm H2O/kg body weight and 0.047 ml/cm
      H2O/cm body length) relative to the normal newborns. These data suggest that
      intrinsic changes in lung elastic characteristics may contribute to the reduced
      lung compliance of infants with BPD. The weighted-spirometer method for measuring
      Crs is a potential tool for the noninvasive study of the elastic properties of
      the respiratory system during infancy in health and disease.

PMID- 6383156
TI  - Ciliary beat frequency of human respiratory tract by different sampling
      techniques.
AB  - The intrinsic ciliary beat frequency of human respiratory epithelium collected by
      3 different biopsy techniques was examined. Ciliated epithelium was obtained by
      nasal brush, endobronchial brush, and endobronchial forceps biopsies from 15
      patients during bronchoscopy, and ciliary beat frequency was determined in vitro
      at 37 degrees C using a photoelectric technique. The overall mean beat
      frequencies of nasal brush biopsy, endobronchial brush biopsy, and endobronchial
      forceps biopsy specimens were 14.3, 14.4, and 14.6 hertz, respectively. There
      were no significant differences (p greater than 0.05) in the overall means.
      Although for a given patient ciliary beat frequency was not significantly
      different between specimens obtained by the 3 different biopsy techniques, the
      pooled mean beat frequency varied from one subject to another (p less than 0.01).

PMID- 6383157
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to surface antigens of rabbit type II pneumocytes.
AB  - Techniques for the production of monoclonal antibodies to cell surface antigens
      of type II pneumocytes are reported. Using these techniques, over 200 hybridomas
      were produced from spleen cell fusions of 8 mice. Of these, 25 expressed activity
      toward the type II pneumocyte cell surface. Many antibodies cross-reacted with a
      variety of cells and membranes from other organs and species, suggesting that
      these antibodies were ubiquitous to membrane antigens. Most of the antibodies
      cross-reacted strongly with dog lung membranes, suggesting the existence of
      common mammalian lung determinants. Five hybridomas produced supernatant antibody
      with considerable specificity for type II pneumocytes. Ascites fluid antibody was
      produced to these 5 hybridomas. Immunofluorescent staining of type II pneumocyte
      cell surfaces could be demonstrated with all 5 of these antibodies. This initial
      study demonstrates the feasibility of producing monoclonal antibodies to cell
      surface antigens of the type II pneumocyte.

PMID- 6383158
TI  - Septic pulmonary emboli secondary to internal jugular vein phlebitis (postanginal
      sepsis) caused by Eikenella corrodens.
AB  - Postanginal sepsis is the term used to describe the life-threatening infection
      caused by suppurative phlebitis of the internal jugular vein secondary to
      infection of the parapharyngeal spaces. This begins with a history of pharyngitis
      followed by infection of the parapharyngeal spaces, septic pulmonary embolism,
      and septicemia caused by hematogenous dissemination of the infection. The oral
      anaerobes are the most common pathogens associated with this syndrome. Recently,
      we managed 2 patients who had septic pulmonary embolism from postanginal sepsis
      syndrome caused by Eikenella corrodens. Previously, E. corrodens has not been
      described in association with this syndrome. The clinical presentation, anatomic,
      bacteriologic, and management aspects of postanginal sepsis syndrome are reviewed
      based on our experience with these 2 cases. In patients with clinical evidence of
      septic pulmonary embolism, particularly in the nonintravenous drug abusers,
      postanginal sepsis and septic jugular phlebitis have to be considered as a source
      of septic pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 6383159
TI  - Portal vein obstruction in patients requiring hepatic resection or
      transplantation.
AB  - Four patients with chronic portal vein occlusion (or near occlusion) who required
      major hepatic resection or transplantation are described. In each case, portal
      vein patency was restored, and objective evidence of long-term patency is
      presented in three patients. These patients demonstrate the feasibility of
      restoring and indefinitely maintaining portal venous flow coincident to major
      hepatic surgery.

PMID- 6383160
TI  - Rapid in vivo multiple organ cooling prior to harvesting.
AB  - The need for extrarenal as well as renal grafts for transplantation surpasses the
      number of available donated organs. It is important, therefore, to utilize
      maximally available donors so that organs from cadaveric sources are not wasted.
      This experimental study tested a new method for multiple organ harvesting that
      used a technique for rapid in vivo organ cooling by nonpulsatile pump perfusion
      prior to harvesting. Kidneys, livers, hearts, and pancreases were obtained from
      ten mongrel dog donors. Kidneys and livers were transplanted into unrelated
      canine recipients as heterotopic and orthotopic allografts, respectively.
      Satisfactory function (serum creatinine 1.4 mg/dl) was obtained in all 20 of the
      renal transplants in the immediate postoperative period. Hepatic allografts also
      demonstrated satisfactory function with nine of ten liver transplant recipients
      surviving past the first 24-hour critical period. In addition, biopsies obtained
      from the simultaneously harvested hearts and pancreases showed normal histology.
      In summary, this technique provides more consistent cooling of donor organs prior
      to procurement and therefore effectively reduces warm ischemia and associated
      compromise of viability during multiple organ harvesting procedures. Clinical
      application of these techniques would undoubtedly lead to improved quality and an
      increased supply of usable organs from cadaveric donors.

PMID- 6383161
TI  - Gastric bypass.
AB  - This article describes the gastric bypass as performed by the author and his
      associate since 1979. The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass by this technique has been
      used in more than 1000 patients. The author uses the additional 3-0 prolene
      suture on the gastrojejunostomy, but his associate does not. Additionally the
      author has discontinued the nasogastric tube in the postoperative period, whereas
      his associate uses it for 24 hours postoperatively.

PMID- 6383162
TI  - A simple technique for securing a loop colostomy.
AB  - The common methods used to stabilize a loop colostomy can be fraught with patient
      dissatisfaction. Presented is an effective and convenient means of securing a
      loop colostomy by use of a skin bridge fixed by a single heavy suture.

PMID- 6383163
TI  - Metabolic abnormalities associated with intentional theophylline overdose.
AB  - To verify the frequency and severity of metabolic abnormalities occurring as a
      result of intentional theophylline overdose, we retrospectively analyzed
      admission laboratory data from 22 cases of theophylline poisoning. Hypokalemia,
      hyperglycemia, and leukocytosis were frequent findings, and the magnitude of
      these abnormalities was related to the corresponding serum theophylline level.
      Although measurements were available for a smaller number of patients,
      respiratory alkalosis, hypophosphatemia, and hypomagnesemia were also common
      findings. Given the potential contribution of these abnormalities to the
      cardiovascular and neurologic toxicities of theophylline, it is important that
      their presence in patients with overdose be anticipated.

PMID- 6383164
TI  - An outbreak of Streptococcus pyogenes infections in a nursing home.
AB  - An outbreak of serious infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes occurred in a
      nursing home for elderly patients. The outbreak began in mid-winter and continued
      for 12 months. Thirteen residents and two nurses had infections. Severity of
      infection was worse in residents, who developed sepsis, necrotizing fasciitis,
      cellulitis, septic arthritis, pneumonia, and conjunctivitis; in contrast, the
      nurses had pharyngitis only. Six of thirteen residents required acute hospital
      care, and the index case died with sepsis. Typing of S. pyogenes was done in 13
      of 15 cases, and the same serotype (M-non-typable, T-25) was found. Control
      measures consisted of identifying all patients with infections, obtaining
      cultures, and providing prompt treatment. Patients in nursing homes are highly
      susceptible to serious infections with S. pyogenes.

PMID- 6383165
TI  - Nonenzymatic glycosylation and the pathogenesis of diabetic complications.
AB  - Glucose chemically attaches to proteins and nucleic acids without the aid of
      enzymes. Initially, chemically reversible Schiff base and Amadori product adducts
      form in proportion to glucose concentration. Equilibrium is reached after several
      weeks, however, and further accumulation of these early nonenzymatic
      glycosylation products does not continue beyond that time. Subsequent reactions
      of the Amadori product slowly give rise to nonequilibrium advanced glycosylation
      end-products which continue to accumulate indefinitely on longer-lived molecules.
      Excessive formation of both types of nonenzymatic glycosylation product appears
      to be the common biochemical link between chronic hyperglycemia and a number of
      pathophysiologic processes potentially involved in the development of long-term
      diabetic complications. The major biological effects of excessive nonenzymatic
      glycosylation include: inactivation of enzymes; inhibition of regulatory molecule
      binding; crosslinking of glycosylated proteins and trapping of soluble proteins
      by glycosylated extracellular matrix (both may progress in the absence of
      glucose); decreased susceptibility to proteolysis; abnormalities of nucleic acid
      function; altered macromolecular recognition and endocytosis; and increased
      immunogenicity.

PMID- 6383167
TI  - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults.

PMID- 6383166
TI  - Double-contrast barium meal and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. A comparative
      study.
AB  - One hundred randomly selected inpatients were examined with both double-contrast
      barium meal and endoscopy in a blinded prospective fashion. All studies were done
      by staff personnel, with equal clinical information available to both the
      radiologist and endoscopist. The final diagnosis was made by a review committee
      of participating radiologists and endoscopists. Endoscopy was more sensitive (92%
      versus 54%, p less than 0.001) and specific (100% versus 91%, p less than 0.05)
      than the double-contrast barium meal. Both procedures significantly affected the
      clinical outcome of the patient, the effect of endoscopy being significantly
      greater than that of the double-contrast barium meal. Although errors with the
      barium study related predominantly to an inability to show subtle lesions, poor
      patient cooperation and perceptual and technical failures were additional
      significant factors. Endoscopy is recommended for certain groups of patients.

PMID- 6383168
TI  - [Inguino-crural hernias: personal cases and critical review of the literature
      regarding the incidence in the 2 sexes].

PMID- 6383169
TI  - [Bulimia: symptom or syndrome?].

PMID- 6383171
TI  - [The Societe Medico-Psychologique].

PMID- 6383170
TI  - [The odyssey of Ulysse Trelat (1795-1879)].

PMID- 6383172
TI  - [Aid to patients with mental disorders in Provence in the 18th century].
AB  - The provencal attitude towards the "insane" presents during the studied period
      several leading characteristics; they separate it clearly from the other part of
      the Kingdom, but, on the other hand, integrate it into a more specific latino
      mediterranean behaviour. These characteristics are chiefly: a comparatively kind
      demeanor towards the mentally ill; an already very medical sight of madness,
      compared with that of North Europe; the foundation of specialized institutions
      for insane earlier than in other parts of Western World. The investigations of
      the leading "provencal" mental hospitals, public and private, confirms this
      statement. The authors have studied for that purpose: the three "lunatic asylums"
      of Avignon (1681, the most conclusive), Aix (1691) and Marseille (1699); several
      private foundations at Saint Remy, Salon de Provence, Manosque. The study of the
      attendance on mental patients in Provence during the Classic Era shows the danger
      to speculate perilously as Michel Foucault in his book "La Folie a l'Age
      Classique much greater than. The investigations on the institutions, that only
      begins, proves it was very diversified, and the patients were took charge
      medically long before Pinel.

PMID- 6383173
TI  - [Philocalia (love of beauty) of an orthodox prayer, psychophysiological aspects].

PMID- 6383174
TI  - The development of methods for the determination of hazardous substances in
      factory atmospheres: an historical perspective.

PMID- 6383175
TI  - Reversible chalcosis.
AB  - A patient with an initially undiagnosed copper containing intraocular foreign
      body developed chalcosis 4 1/2 years after penetrating injury. The case was
      followed for approximately 15 years after which time the foreign body expelled
      itself with complete reversal of the ocular signs and improvement in visual
      acuity.

PMID- 6383176
TI  - [Bacteriological study of maxillary sinusitis].
AB  - Suppurated maxillary sinusitis are frequent diseases. Diameatic puncture allows
      bacteriological investigations. Our results are positive in two thirds of cases.
      The bacterial flora is very varied, whose identification and antibiograms involve
      efficient treatment with daily washing and in situ antibiotherapy.

PMID- 6383177
TI  - The sleeve anastomosis revisited.
AB  - The microvascular sleeve anastomosis, when one vessel is inserted into another,
      is presented in detail. Modifications of the original procedure are described and
      their performance is analyzed. It appears that the original sleeve anastomosis is
      a safe and expedient operative technique, whereas several present modifications
      thereof seem to lead to decreased patency rates. Insufficient dilatation of both
      vessel ends probably is the most important single factor in this regard.

PMID- 6383178
TI  - Milestones in modern plastic surgery. Method of preventing raw area on nasal
      surface of soft palate in push-back surgery. By Thomas D. Cronin. 1957.

PMID- 6383179
TI  - [Changes in the levels of hepatocyte mitochondrial cytochromes after portacaval
      shunt in the rat].

PMID- 6383180
TI  - [Contrast echocardiography. Methods, applications and prospects].
AB  - Contrast echocardiography is a diagnostic technique which consists of the
      injection of a physiological, echogenic solution into the blood stream and mode M
      or two-dimensional echocardiographic analysis of the echoes produced in order to
      assess the features of intracardiac blood flow. It is useful for the
      identification and confirmation of normal and abnormal cardiac structures, the
      demonstration or exclusion of intracardiac and extracardiac shunts and the
      diagnosis of valvular incompetence. Many other clinical applications are in the
      process of being developed. The prospects for future research consist of the
      discovery of contrast agents capable of crossing the capillary bed and the
      development of CT techniques for the quantification of the contrast.

PMID- 6383181
TI  - Role of the clinical biochemistry laboratory in the assessment of
      dyslipoproteinaemias.

PMID- 6383182
TI  - Sulphonylurea in combination with insulin therapy: does it make sense? A review.
AB  - Apart from their effects upon pancreas, sulphonylureas have been shown to
      influence the insulin action upon extrapancreatic tissues: they increase the
      number of insulin receptors in peripheral cells, enhance insulin binding to cells
      and alter postreceptor insulin action. Consistently, sulphonylureas potentiate
      the impact of insulin in vivo. Recent observations of this kind have renewed
      interest in the use of sylphonylureas in combination with insulin in diabetes.
      Several reports have lately been published on the use of combination treatment.
      Some type 2 diabetics with preserved beta cell function quite obviously benefit
      from the addition of sulphonylurea treatment to insulin therapy. This has been
      demonstrated in patients exhibiting secondary failure to oral drugs, and in
      diabetics requiring large amounts of insulin. Combination therapy does not seem
      to be effective in type 1 diabetics. The mechanism by which sulphonylureas
      improve the glycaemic control in diabetics on insulin is not clear. Both enhanced
      endogenous insulin secretion and potentiation of insulin activity may be
      involved. Further controlled clinical studies comparing the effects of
      combination therapy with those of insulin monotherapy are needed before the
      general utility of sulphonylurea + insulin therapy can be assessed.

PMID- 6383183
TI  - The pathogenesis of type II diabetes mellitus. A brief survey.
AB  - Type II, non-insulin-dependent, diabetes mellitus occurs worldwide, though with
      great variations in prevalence rates: the highest rates--about 30-35%--are
      reported for the Pima Indians and for the population of the island Nauru in the
      Pacific. The disease is to some extent inherited, but the mode of inheritance is
      unknown. Recent studies of the length polymorphism of the insulin gene, however,
      suggest that it may be possible to find a genetic marker for the disease. Obesity
      is common among type II diabetics, and the occurrence of the type II diabetes
      increases with age. One possible explanation is that both obesity and advanced
      age are associated with a decrease in insulin sensitivity. Insulin resistance is
      a common finding in type II diabetes; it has been demonstrated with several
      methods, including the euglycaemic insulin clamp technique. The role of insulin
      receptor and post-receptor defects in the pathogenesis of this insulin resistance
      is currently being studied with great interest. In addition to impairment of
      insulin sensitivity, there is a reduction in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion
      in individuals with type II diabetes. The primary defect of the disease, however,
      has yet to be established. Type II diabetes may well be a heterogeneous disorder
      with several different aetiologies; one argument for heterogeneity within the
      disease is the chlorpropamide alcohol flush reaction that can be demonstrated
      among about one third of type II diabetics. Further investigations of the
      pathogenesis of the disease are needed, and it is hoped that these will pave the
      way for the development of more specific therapy, and even prevention of the
      disease.

PMID- 6383184
TI  - Psychosomatic factors in coronary heart disease.
AB  - The concept of the "coronary personality" has been part of the clinical tradition
      since the turn of this century. Certain salient psychological features have now
      been extracted from the numerous studies; many of these are probably secondary to
      the somatic disease. Acute and chronic life stress seem to be associated more
      reliably with coronary events, and a definite behaviour pattern -- closely
      related with the traditional "coronary personality" and characterized
      particularly by hostile competitiveness -- appears to lead frequently to coronary
      heart disease. From the physiological mechanisms involved in this psychosomatic
      process those accounted for by the responses of the sympathetic nervous system
      seem to be most important. Certain therapeutic implications are presently under
      clinical evaluation particularly in the field of secondary prevention.

PMID- 6383185
TI  - Antihypertensive effect of prizidilol.
AB  - The antihypertensive effect of a new compound, prizidilol hydrochloride (SKF
      92657), with both vasodilator and non-selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist
      properties was assessed in a series of 17 outpatients 2 of whom were subsequently
      withdrawn. After a placebo period the systolic supine blood pressure decreased
      from 154 (SD 3) mmHg to 143 (SD 4) mmHg (p less than 0.05) and the diastolic
      supine blood pressure from 102 (SD 2) mmHg to 94 (2) mmHg (p less than 0.02)
      during 12 weeks treatment. Standing blood blood pressure decreased by 14/9 mmHg
      (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.02) during treatment. The dose of prizidilol
      was increased by 100 mg biweekly, the mean dose being 466 mg at the end of the
      study. No significant side-effects were noted and the laboratory tests disclosed
      no significant biochemical or immunological changes during the study.

PMID- 6383186
TI  - Julius Cohnheim (1839-1884). His life and contributions to pathology.

PMID- 6383188
TI  - Time course of serum glucoregulatory variables and lipids following neonatal
      thymectomy of diabetes-prone and control BB Wistar rats fed a defined diet.
AB  - The acute diabetic syndrome in the BB Wistar rat resembles human type 1 (insulin
      dependent) diabetes, including a possible association with T cell-mediated,
      (auto)immune processes. In most previous studies 'normoglycemic' littermates of
      diabetic BB rats have been used as controls and little attention has been paid to
      the role of diet. It now appears that asymptomatic/diabetes-prone littermates of
      diabetics have immune system defects as well as metabolic abnormalities. Since
      there are also indicators that the disease process starts before animals become
      symptomatic, we looked for prospective metabolic changes in prediabetic,
      asymptomatic/diabetes-prone and control (diabetes-free) BB rats following
      intervention in the immune system while maintaining the animals on a defined diet
      (AIN-76). The results reported here confirm and extend the finding of Like et al.
      (1982) that neonatal thymectomy reduces the frequency of the syndrome and
      emphasize the role of diet in modifying its expression. In contrast to previous
      reports of hyperglucagonemia only after onset of diabetes, asymptomatic/diabetes
      prone animals had periodic increases of plasma glucagon values up to 3-fold those
      of diabetes-free controls; prediabetics displayed a similar pattern.
      Asymptomatic/diabetes-prone rats also tended to have slightly higher blood
      cholesterol levels. The low incidence and delayed onset of the syndrome in rats
      fed a modified AIN-76 diet (27%, 127 +/- 21 days) compared to the previous chow
      fed generation (60%, 93 +/- 18 days) and chow-fed littermates (38%, 87 +/- 16
      days) suggested that diet can modify expression of the syndrome.

PMID- 6383187
TI  - Retroviral and human cellular oncogenes.
AB  - Unexpected meeting of two separate lines of research resulted in the discovery of
      oncogenes. Oncogenes are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences coding for
      polypeptide gene products which cause, or contribute to, neoplastic growth of
      cells. Oncogenes remain almost unchanged through evolution: oncogenes and their
      gene products of avian, murine, feline, simian and human species show close
      homology. Retroviruses possess three genes encoding virion structural proteins
      and envelope. The DNA copy of the viral genome (the provirus) recombines with DNA
      sequences of the host cell genome and thus acquires an additional DNA sequence of
      host origin (transduction). The newly acquired DNA sequences render the
      retrovirus oncogenic. Certain genomic DNA sequences extracted from human tumor
      cells induce malignant transformation in selected assay systems (transfection).
      The transforming genes of retroviruses show close homology to these cellular
      oncogenes. Retroviruses appear to have acquired cellular proto-oncogenes during
      past interactions with their host cells. In the cell, proto-oncogenes are
      presumed to fulfill fundamental functions of cell differentiation and mitosis.
      This is deduced from their preservation during evolution, i.e., proto-oncogenes
      of avian, lower and higher mammalian and human species display close DNA sequence
      homology and thus their gene products are also similar in distant species. When
      expressed in excess or in altered form or at a wrong chromosomal location or at
      an inappropriate time of the cell cycle, proto-oncogenes function as oncogenes by
      inducing mitoses and inhibiting differentiation of their host cells.

PMID- 6383189
TI  - Effect of carbohydrate diet type upon obesity and hyperlipemia in the Zucker
      fa/fa rat.
AB  - 20 fa/fa Zucker rats were submitted to a normalization of their food-intake
      energy level by pair-feeding using control Fa/-rats, for 4 weeks. Two diets were
      tested. The first was a starch-based diet (A) (66% starch w/w) and the second a
      sucrose-based diet (S) (66% sucrose w/w). The food-intake levels and the
      efficiency of storage of energy were thus comparable for the two diets. Though
      the fa/fa hyperinsulinemia decreased for the 4 weeks of experiment and was
      comparable with the (S) and (A) diets, the hypertriglyceridemia was lower with
      the (S) diet than that for the (A) diet. This could be in relation to the
      increased post-heparin lipase activity in the (S) diet, compared to the (A) diet.

PMID- 6383190
TI  - Peripheral nerve function and metabolic control in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Measurement of conduction velocity along the H reflex arc was used to study
      sensorimotor peripheral nerve function in diabetic patients during short- and
      long-term improvement of hyperglycemia. In ten type I diabetics a slight (p less
      than 0.05) conduction increase occurred after 6 hours of normal glycemia induced
      by an artificial endocrine pancreas. Similar but more prominent improvement
      occurred in twelve type I diabetics treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin
      injection for 6 months. The results suggest that nerve conduction slowing in
      diabetic patients stems partly from reversible, nonstructural abnormalities and
      partly from more slowly reversible morphological or chemical changes in
      peripheral nerve.

PMID- 6383191
TI  - Monoclonal antibody analysis of mononuclear cells in myopathies. I: Quantitation
      of subsets according to diagnosis and sites of accumulation and demonstration and
      counts of muscle fibers invaded by T cells.
AB  - In 76 muscle specimens (normal controls, 9; Duchenne dystrophy, 11; scleroderma,
      11; dermatomyositis, 13; polymyositis, 15; inclusion body myositis, 17),
      mononuclear cells were analyzed at perivascular, perimysial, and endomysial sites
      of accumulation. Monoclonal antibodies reactive for B cells, T cells, T cell
      subsets, killer (K) or natural killer (NK) cells, and the Ia antigen were used
      for cell typing. Macrophages were identified by the acid phosphatase reaction.
      Few extravascular mononuclear cells occurred in normal muscle. In all
      inflammatory myopathies, a mixed exudate of T cells, B cells, and macrophages was
      present. Mature K/NK cells were rare in all diseases. In dermatomyositis,
      polymyositis, and inclusion body myositis, there was a positive gradient for T
      cells, T8+ cells, and activated T cells and a negative gradient for B cells and
      T4+ cells between perivascular and endomysial sites. In scleroderma the
      predominant perimysial exudate consisted mostly of T cells and macrophages. The
      percentage of B cells at all sites, and the T4+/T cell ratio in the endomysium,
      were significantly higher in dermatomyositis than in the other diseases. In
      polymyositis and inclusion body myositis, the endomysial exudate contained a
      large number of T cells, T8+ cells, and activated T cells but only sparse B
      cells. T cells accompanied by macrophages focally surrounded and invaded
      nonnecrotic fibers in polymyositis and inclusion body myositis. Rare fibers in
      Duchenne dystrophy and a very few fibers in dermatomyositis and scleroderma were
      similarly affected. We infer that (1) T-B, T-T, and T-macrophage cooperativities
      are likely to exist in muscle in different myopathies; (2) T cell-mediated fiber
      injury plays a role in polymyositis and inclusion body myositis; (3) T cell
      mediated fiber injury can also occur in inherited diseases, such as Duchenne
      dystrophy; and (4) a local humoral response may occur in muscle in
      dermatomyositis and possibly in polymyositis and inclusion body myositis.

PMID- 6383192
TI  - A long life in times of great upheaval.

PMID- 6383193
TI  - The molecular structure of centromeres and telomeres.

PMID- 6383194
TI  - Fibrinogen and fibrin.

PMID- 6383195
TI  - Molybdenum in nitrogenase.

PMID- 6383196
TI  - Synthesis and use of synthetic oligonucleotides.

PMID- 6383197
TI  - Myosin.

PMID- 6383198
TI  - Gene amplification.

PMID- 6383199
TI  - Principles that determine the structure of proteins.

PMID- 6383200
TI  - Transcription of the mammalian mitochondrial genome.

PMID- 6383201
TI  - Three-dimensional structure of membrane and surface proteins.

PMID- 6383202
TI  - Structure and function of the primary cell walls of plants.

PMID- 6383204
TI  - The chemistry and biology of left-handed Z-DNA.

PMID- 6383203
TI  - Polyprotein gene expression: generation of diversity of neuroendocrine peptides.

PMID- 6383205
TI  - Identification of aminoglycoside-acetylating enzymes by high-pressure liquid
      chromatographic determination of their reaction products.
AB  - A method to identify the aminoglycoside-acetyltransferase (AAC) enzymes AAC(3),
      AAC(2') and AAC(6') by high-pressure liquid chromatographic characterization of
      their products of reaction with tobramycin or sisomicin is described. Conditions
      are given for the chromatography of kanamycin A, netilmicin, neomycin, and
      apramycin, and their products of reaction, if any, with the three AAC enzymes are
      listed.

PMID- 6383206
TI  - Penetration of ceftazidime into the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with and
      without evidence of meningeal inflammation.
AB  - The concentrations of ceftazidime in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of
      patients with and without meningitis were measured at various times after a 2- or
      3-g dose. At similar concentrations in serum, ceftazidime concentrations in
      cerebrospinal fluid at a given time were substantially lower in patients without
      meningitis (mean, 0.8 micrograms/ml) than in those with meningitis (mean, 22.6
      micrograms/ml).

PMID- 6383207
TI  - Comparison of the in vitro activities of ofloxacin and tetracycline against
      Chlamydia trachomatis as assessed by indirect immunofluorescence.
AB  - The in vitro activity of ofloxacin (DL8280), a new pyridone carboxylic acid,
      against Chlamydia trachomatis serotype E was assessed by growth of chlamydia in
      cycloheximide-treated McCoy cells. Chlamydia-infected monolayers were exposed to
      the drug for 48 and 96 h and for 48 h followed by 48 h of further incubation
      after withdrawal of ofloxacin. Inclusions were visualized by indirect
      immunofluorescence, and the effect of the drug was assessed both by inclusion
      development and by the number of inclusion-forming units generated in the
      monolayers. The action of ofloxacin was completely lethal when monolayers were
      exposed to a concentration of 1 microgram/ml throughout one chlamydial
      developmental cycle. In contrast, tetracycline, when examined by similar
      techniques, inhibited inclusion development at a concentration of 0.3
      micrograms/ml, but was only lethal at 2.4 micrograms/ml. Ofloxacin may prove to
      be a useful new antichlamydial agent.

PMID- 6383208
TI  - Aztreonam concentrations in human prostatic tissue.
AB  - The concentrations of aztreonam in human prostatic tissue specimens obtained by
      transurethral resection were measured in nine patients after the intramuscular
      administration of a single 1-g dose. The average concentration of aztreonam was
      7.8 microgram/g of prostate between 50 and 180 min after dosage. The average
      ratio of the drug concentration in prostate to that in serum was 0.25. The
      concentrations of aztreonam achieved were significantly higher than the MICs for
      most members of the family Enterobacteriaceae implicated in chronic prostatitis.

PMID- 6383209
TI  - New micromethod to study the effect of antimicrobial agents on Toxoplasma gondii:
      comparison of sulfadoxine and sulfadiazine individually and in combination with
      pyrimethamine and study of clindamycin, metronidazole, and cyclosporin A.
AB  - An in vitro method by which reagents, cells, and Toxoplasma gondii trophozoites
      are conserved (micromethod) was developed to quantitate the effect of
      antimicrobial agents on T. gondii. Sulfadoxine alone had no effect on T. gondii
      in vitro when evaluated with a macromethod, the new micromethod, or visual
      inspection of Giemsa-stained preparations. Sulfadoxine combined with
      pyrimethamine inhibited T. gondii more than did pyrimethamine alone, but the
      combination of sulfadoxine plus pyrimethamine was slightly less active than was
      the combination of sulfadiazine plus pyrimethamine. Neither clindamycin nor
      metronidazole, alone or in combination with sulfadiazine or pyrimethamine and
      sulfadiazine, had any effect on intracellular T. gondii. Brief exposure (10 min
      before and during challenge) to clindamycin had no effect on extracellular T.
      gondii when clindamycin was studied alone or with sulfadiazine or pyrimethamine
      plus sulfadiazine. Cyclosporin A inhibited T. gondii replication at
      concentrations of ca. greater than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml.

PMID- 6383210
TI  - Enhanced killing of Candida albicans by cultured peritoneal exudate cells treated
      with SM-1213, a synthetic immunomodulator.
AB  - The effect of SM-1213 [1,2-O-isopropylidene-3-O-3'-(N', N'-dimethylamino-n
      propyl)-D-glucofuranose] on the candidastatic and candidacidal capacity of guinea
      pig peritoneal exudate cells was investigated. Phagocytes treated with SM-1213
      demonstrated an enhanced ability to inhibit intracellular hyphal formation and
      elongation of Candida albicans cells as well as to reduce the percentage of
      viable cells remaining after phagocytosis. Significant drug-induced anticandidal
      effects were also observed when peritoneal exudate cells were preincubated with
      SM-1213 and washed before infection with C. albicans. SM-1213 had no direct
      anticandidal effect against the yeast or hyphal form of the fungus, suggesting
      that the observed candidastatic and candidacidal effect of this drug was due to
      the enhancement of antimicrobial functions of phagocytes.

PMID- 6383212
TI  - Cardiac transplants: the Stanford experience.

PMID- 6383211
TI  - Nursing diagnosis: in the days of Florence Nightingale.

PMID- 6383213
TI  - Enzyme engineering.
AB  - Enzyme research and development efforts have been shaped by the tools and
      concepts available for enzyme production and utilization. A new phase of
      enzymology characterized by the production of modified protein catalysts has
      begun, made possible by recombinant DNA technology.

PMID- 6383215
TI  - Immobilization of isolated and cellular hydrogenase of D. desulfuricans in
      radiation-polymerized polyacrylamides.
AB  - Purified hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans was immobilized either by
      entrapment or absorption onto porous neutral and charged acrylamide beads.
      Surface absorption and crosslinking on the beads resulted in a high hydrogenase
      activity and a good immobilization coefficient compared to the enzyme and whole
      cells entrapped in the same matrix. Maximum enzyme activity (citrate-phosphate
      buffer) was shifted to pH 6.5 upon immobilization in contrast to 6.0 for the free
      enzyme and the range of 6-7 for whole cells. Both the purified enzyme and whole
      cells were most active when held in neutral matrices. Immobilization improved the
      temperature stability (65 degrees C) and long term storage (4 degrees C) of the
      hydrogenase activity of both the purified enzyme and whole cells.

PMID- 6383214
TI  - Food microbiology update. Emerging foodborne pathogens.
AB  - A review of three "emerging" foodborne pathogen groups is presented, including
      Campylobacter jejuni/coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, and foodborne Vibrio sp.

PMID- 6383216
TI  - Effect of noncoliforms on coliform detection in potable groundwater: improved
      recovery with an anaerobic membrane filter technique.
AB  - A total of 529 well and distribution potable water samples were analyzed for
      total coliforms by the most-probable-number and membrane filter (MF) techniques.
      Standard plate count bacteria and MF noncoliform bacteria were also enumerated.
      Frequency of coliform detection, turbidity in most-probable-number tubes, and
      extensive overgrowth by noncoliforms on MF filters were directly proportional to
      standard plate counts. Recovery of coliforms was greatest by the MF method at low
      (less than 100 CFU/ml) standard plate count densities and better by the most
      probable-number method (confirming gas and turbid tube) at high (greater than 500
      CFU/ml) standard plate count densities. In the latter case, overgrowth by
      noncoliforms on MF filters suppressed sheen development and, in turn, masked
      coliform detection. Of 341 atypical (no sheen) MF colonies verified by parallel
      inoculation of lauryl sulfate broth and billiant green-bile broth, 156 were
      aerogenic in the latter medium. Of atypical isolates, 84% were identified as
      either Citrobacter or Enterobacter species. A 4.3-fold reduction in numbers of
      overgrown MF filters and an 2.2-fold increase in numbers of coliforms recovered
      from 127 water samples was accomplished by anaerobic incubation of MF cultures.
      This anaerobic modification of the standard MF technique significantly reduced
      overgrowth and enhanced recovery of coliforms from potable groundwater. This
      technique is simple, cost effective, and suitable for monitoring of untreated
      ground water common to some small water systems and private water supplies.

PMID- 6383217
TI  - Stabilization of a histidine-producing strain of Serratia marcescens.
AB  - A decrease in histidine productivity was observed during subculture of a
      histidine-producing strain of Serratia marcescens. The decrease was accompanied
      by an increase in the number of wild-type revertants. Adenine accelerated the
      growth of producing strain HT-2892 to nearly equal that of revertants, and
      histidine production was stable because the depletion of ATP in strain HT-2892
      was restored by adenine. To increase the intracellular ATP content, mutants
      resistant to 6-methylpurine, an antagonist of adenine, were isolated from strain
      HT-2892. 6-Methylpurine-resistant mutant MPr90 grew more rapidly than the parent
      producing strain and produced L-histidine stably, even when it was subjected to
      subculture in medium without adenine. ATP depletion was restored in strain MPr90,
      probably owing to the derepression of adenylosuccinate synthetase in AMP
      biosynthesis.

PMID- 6383218
TI  - Pectinolytic enzymes of oral spirochetes from humans.
AB  - Five strains of obligately anaerobic, pectin-fermenting spirochetes were isolated
      from the subgingival plaque of humans. The strains produced two extracellular
      enzymatic activities that functioned in pectin degradation. One of these
      enzymatic activities was pectin methylesterase (EC 3.1.1.11), and the other was
      pectate lyase (EC 4.2.2.2) of the endo type. The data indicate that the
      cumulative action of these two enzymatic activities brought about
      depolymerization of pectin in spirochete cultures. Pectin- or polygalacturonate
      degrading hydrolases were not detected. A cell-associated lyase activity that
      catalyzed polygalacturonate breakdown was present in one of the spirochete
      strains. In addition to pectin, the isolates utilized polygalacturonic,
      glucuronic, or galacturonic acid as fermentable substrate but did not neutral
      sugars, amino acids, or other substrates tested. Although the oral spirochetes
      did not ferment hyaluronic acid, one of the strains grew in coculture with a
      hyaluronidase-producing Peptostreptococcus strain in a medium containing
      hyaluronic acid as fermentable substrate. Two of the isolates were identified as
      Treponema pectinovorum strains on the basis of their substrate utilization
      pattern, end products of fermentation, other phenotypic characteristics, and the
      guanine-plus-cytosine content of their DNA. Even though the pectinolytic isolates
      were specialized with respect to the fermentable substrates they utilized, they
      appeared to compete successfully with other microorganisms in their habitat.

PMID- 6383219
TI  - [The theory and practice of chemotherapy by arterial infusion--the importance of
      pharmacokinetic research].
AB  - Chemotherapy using arterial infusion was employed to introduce an anti-cancer
      drug directly into the arteries which nourish the tumor, thereby distributing a
      high concentration of the drug to the tumor, increasing the anti-tumor effect and
      reducing the amount of the drug in circulation throughout the body, thus
      mitigating its side effects. However, the uptake of the anti-cancer drug into the
      tumor and its distribution throughout the body are influenced by a large number
      of factors: the method or route of administering the anti-cancer drug; rate of
      infusion; local blood flow; permeability of the blood vessels; structure and
      affinity of the drug; the metabolism of the drug and the speed of its breakdown
      and elimination. As long as this kind of pharmacokinetics is involved, the
      principal merit of the arterial-infusion chemotherapy is that the first time the
      drug is circulated, a high concentration is distributed to the arteries which
      feed the tumor. However, there is a great deal as yet unknown about the
      peculiarities and variability of anti-cancer drugs and the internal organs.

PMID- 6383221
TI  - High-dose methylprednisolone in the treatment of bullous pemphigoid.
AB  - Eight hospitalized patients with active bullous pemphigoid were treated with high
      dose intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy followed by moderate
      maintenance doses of oral prednisone. Blistering decreased within 24 hours of the
      first pulse dose in seven of the eight patients. When blistering recurred, it was
      less severe than it had been before pulse therapy was given. Our earlier
      experience and data from the literature show that most patients with bullous
      pemphigoid will respond to oral corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressive
      treatment. Pulse therapy has a role in the treatment of bullous pemphigoid, and a
      mechanism of action is proposed.

PMID- 6383220
TI  - [Randomized control study of methylprednisolone in the prevention of CDDP-induced
      emesis].
AB  - Effect of methylprednisolone on the emesis of patients treated with CDDP was
      examined by randomized control trial. Methylprednisolone showed no effect on the
      frequency of vomiting on the day of CDDP administration as well as on the
      duration of nausea and anorexia after CDDP treatment.

PMID- 6383222
TI  - Eosinophilic spongiosis in bullous pemphigoid.
AB  - Eosinophilic spongiosis is accepted as one of the histopathological features of
      pemphigus. We found eosinophilic spongiosis in six (24%) of 25 patients in whom
      erythematous lesions, which were in the vicinity of blisters of bullous
      pemphigoid, were found. This finding was associated with eosinophilic
      infiltration of the upper dermis and peripheral eosinophilia.

PMID- 6383223
TI  - Bullous pemphigoid-like lesions induced by phenacetin. Report of a case and an
      immunopathologic study.
AB  - An 84-year-old man with chronic eczema and ischemic heart disease had bullous
      pemphigoid-like lesions develop following the oral administration of phenacetin.
      The diagnosis was confirmed by routine histopathologic studies and by
      immunofluorescent and electron microscopy. Since rechallenge with phenacetin
      resulted in bulla formation, phenacetin was considered to be the causative agent.
      This patient showed several atypical clinical features, compared with patients
      with idiopathic bullous pemphigoid, including no associated erythematous macules,
      a positive Nikolsky's sign, painful superficial ulcers, and nonpruritic bullae.
      Histopathologically, there was lack of polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltrate.
      The immunopathologic characteristics, however, were quite typical for those found
      in bullous pemphigoid. The antigenic sites for the autoantibodies from our
      patient were, at least in part, different from those of idiopathic bullous
      pemphigoid.

PMID- 6383224
TI  - Acute linear IgA dermatosis in a child following varicella.

PMID- 6383225
TI  - Tranexamic acid in the prevention of periventricular haemorrhage.
AB  - Increased fibrinolytic activity in the ganglionic eminence of the preterm human
      brain has been proposed as a factor in the aetiology of periventricular
      haemorrhage. The effect of tranexamic acid in preventing periventricular
      haemorrhage was evaluated in 100 infants in a double blind, randomised controlled
      trial. Haemorrhages developed in 22 infants who received tranexamic acid and in
      20 of those who received placebo. A significant reduction in fibrin degradation
      products in treated infants was seen. Our study suggests that excessive
      fibrinolytic activity is not an important factor in the aetiology of
      periventricular haemorrhage and that treatment with tranexamic acid will not
      prevent its occurrence.

PMID- 6383226
TI  - Hyperglycaemia in infantile gastroenteritis.
AB  - The prevalence and pathogenesis of hyperglycaemia were investigated in a
      consecutive series of 27 black infants admitted to hospital with gastroenteritis
      over a period of three months. Hyperglycaemia (plasma glucose concentration
      greater than 10 mmol/l) occurred in 15 (55%) of these patients. The pathogenesis
      was not clear but possible contributory factors included raised concentrations of
      the stress hormones pancreatic glucagon, growth hormone, and cortisol;
      hypokalaemia; and peripheral insulin resistance. Intravenous rehydration, without
      insulin, corrected the plasma glucose concentrations and restored the hormonal
      profile towards normal within 36 to 48 hours.

PMID- 6383227
TI  - Detection of S-100 protein in melanocytic and neurogenic cutaneous tumors.
AB  - Quantitative determination of S-100 protein content on human melanoma tissues and
      in sera of melanoma patients was made possible through radioimmunoassay (RIA).
      Melanoma tissue extracts prepared from metastatic sites in both skin and lymph
      nodes contained 0.08-2.80% of S-100 out of the total extractable proteins, and it
      was also noticed that the tumors obtained from lymph-node metastasis possessed
      slightly higher levels of S-100 as compared with those obtained from the skin
      lesions. Serum S-100 levels of 12 melanoma patients with Stage 1 to 3 diseases
      were also examined by means of RIA, but only two patients showed a slight
      elevation of serum S-100 levels. When tissue sections prepared from a variety of
      cutaneous tumors, including pigmented nevus, melanoma and Schwannoma, were
      stained for S-100 by an immunoperoxidase technique, these tumors of
      neuroectodermal origin were demonstrated to contain a detectable amount of S-100,
      whereas other tested nonmelanocytic and non-neurogenic tumors were entirely
      negative for S-100. These data stress the usefulness of S-100 for the diagnosis
      of neurogenic and melanocytic tumors, especially melanomas, despite the
      difficulty of its detection in the sera of the tumor bearers, which might reflect
      the low tendency of S-100 to be shed from the tumor cells.

PMID- 6383228
TI  - Antibodies to dsDNA in connective tissue diseases measured by ultramicro enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) adapted to the chamber analytical technique
      (CAT).
AB  - Human sera (171 samples of patients with connective tissue diseases (CTD) were
      screened for anti-dsDNA antibodies by ultramicro ELISA adapted to the chamber
      analytical technique (CAT). The assay offers sensitivity superior to the
      Crithidia luciliae immunofluorescence technique (CLIFT). Positive results are not
      restricted to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Nine sera of other CTD patients
      exhibited antibodies to dsDNA as well. This might be a symptom of a relatively
      slight immunodisturbance with presence of low-avidity antibodies.

PMID- 6383230
TI  - Prostaglandins have no effect on spontaneous and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone
      stimulated luteinizing hormone release in cultured rat pituitary cells.
AB  - Primary cultures of pituitary cells from adult female rats were exposed to
      increasing concentrations (10(-13) to 10(-6)M) of selected prostaglandins (PGE2,
      PGF2 alpha, PGI2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and sulproston). The release of luteinizing
      hormone (LH) by the pituicytes was monitored. In a second series of experiments,
      pituitary cells were treated with prostaglandins as described above and
      additionally challenged with a submaximal stimulus of gonadotrophin-releasing
      hormone (GnRH; 10(-9) M). The spontaneous LH-release in all prostaglandin treated
      cultures did not differ from the controls. When stimulated with 10(-9) M GnRH,
      the LH-release increased approx. six-fold in all cultures, with no difference
      between prostaglandin treated cells and the respective controls. Thus, the
      prostaglandins tested - at least at concentrations less than or equal to 10(-6) M
      - have neither a direct positive or negative effect on pituitary LH-release, nor
      do they enhance or decrease the LH-releasing effect of GnRH. These prostaglandins
      are probably not involved in the cellular regulation of LH-release by the
      pituicyte.

PMID- 6383229
TI  - Dermatopathological studies on skin lesions of MRL mice.
AB  - The MRL-lpr/lpr(MRL/l) mouse is a new animal model for human systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE) and skin lesions with hair loss and scab formation are one of
      the characteristic manifestations in this mouse. We investigated the
      histopathology of the skin lesions in MRL/l mice and studied the related
      autoimmune phenomenon. Light microscopical observations revealed hyperkeratosis,
      acanthosis, hypergranulosis, liquefaction, vasodilation in the dermis and T-cell
      infiltration into the dermis at the age of 5 months (mo). Immunohistological
      studies showed the presence of immunoglobulins and/or complement depositions at
      the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ). In some mice there was deposition of
      immunoglobulin at the DEJ at 2 mo and in 90%-100% of MRL/l mice at over 5 mo.
      Temporal relationship was present among cutaneous immunoglobulin depositions, the
      occurrence of anti-DNA antibodies and proteinuria. These findings suggest that
      MRL/l mice might provide a new aid for studying the biological mechanisms of the
      development of skin lesions in human SLE.

PMID- 6383231
TI  - [Myospherulosis: an iatrogenic disease. Apropos of 2 cases with immunomorphologic
      and experimental study].

PMID- 6383232
TI  - Effect of high-dose methylprednisolone therapy on phagocyte function in systemic
      lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Circulating phagocytes play a major role in the defence of the host against
      microbial infection. In an attempt to identify the reason for the unusual
      susceptibility to infection of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
      various parameters of phagocytic cell function were assessed kinetically in whole
      blood, and the accumulation of cells in areas of inflammation was studied in vivo
      with the skin window technique. The effect on these parameters of conventional
      therapy with glucocorticoids and pulse therapy with large doses of
      methylprednisolone were examined. Patients on conventional doses of steroids had
      no abnormality of phagocyte function that might have predisposed to infection,
      apart from a reduced accumulation of monocytes in areas of inflammation and
      decreased lactoferrin secretion. Pulse therapy with methylprednisolone
      considerably delayed the secretion of lactoferrin and the adherence of
      neutrophils in most of the patients, as well as impairing bacterial killing and
      digestion.

PMID- 6383234
TI  - Intra-articular radioactive yttrium and triamcinolone hexacetonide: an
      inconclusive trial. Arthritis and Rheumatism Council Multicentre
      Radiosynoviorthesis Trial Group.
AB  - A restricted sequential design multicentre controlled trial of yttrium-90 against
      triamcinolone intra-articularly was undertaken in patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis with knee involvement. The trial had to be discontinued because of
      dwindling recruitment over time. The reasons for this and other features
      contributing to an inconclusive outcome are noted. This experience lends little
      encouragement to the idea that yttrium-90 therapy is more or less advantageous
      than triamcinolone hexacetonide.

PMID- 6383233
TI  - Laminin and vascular proliferation in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Laminin is a high molecular weight basement membrane structural glycoprotein. In
      rheumatoid arthritis and other arthropathies immunoreactive laminin was prominent
      in synovial blood vessel basement membranes and acted as a marker for them. It
      codistributed with collagen type IV. Immunohistological reactivity to laminin
      showed extensive vascular proliferation in rheumatoid arthritis together with
      basement membrane reduplication, which was confirmed ultrastructurally. Parallel
      histological studies showed vascular proliferation was predominantly in the
      subintimal rheumatoid synovium, where it was related to connective tissue
      proliferation but not to the inflammatory cell infiltrate. Vascular proliferation
      was also seen in relation to connective tissue changes in biopsies from cases of
      haemophilic arthritis, osteoarthritis, and meniscal tears. We suggest connective
      tissue activation is non-specific reaction associated with vascular
      proliferation. This involves laminin and other structural proteins. It occurs in
      rheumatoid arthritis and other arthropathies but is distinct from inflammatory
      cell infiltration.

PMID- 6383235
TI  - Experimental Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense infection in Microtus montanus.
AB  - Seventy-two voles (Microtus montanus) were infected with a strain of Trypanosoma
      congolense of low virulence in mice to study their susceptibility and value as a
      tool for testing chemotherapeutic agents. The infection in Microtus was highly
      virulent. Parasitaemia was low to moderate. Significant spleen and body weight
      changes were observed. Blood capillaries of the heart, brain, kidneys and lungs
      were markedly dilated and numerous parasites were present in the dilatations,
      particularly in the heart. There was a generalized serous inflammation, often
      associated with histiocytic interstitial lesions (except in the brain),
      particularly in the heart. Treatment of voles with diamidines on cumulative
      mortality day 60% gave a complete cure.

PMID- 6383236
TI  - Leishmaniasis in Greece I. Isolation and identification of the parasite causing
      human and canine visceral leishmaniasis.
AB  - Three human and 19 canine leishmanial stocks were typed according to their
      excreted factor serotype and the electrophoretic mobility of their MDH, GPI,
      G6PDH and 6PGDH and shown to be identical with regard to these characters and,
      thus with Leishmania donovani infantum. This verifies the opinion of earlier
      researchers, who suggested that the parasites which cause human and canine
      visceral leishmaniasis in Greece are the same organism and that dogs are the
      reservoir for the human infection. The complexities raised by the co-existence of
      human cutaneous leishmaniasis in Greece caused by L. tropica (formerly L. t.
      minor) are stressed. A comparison was made of the clinical symptomatology,
      serological diagnosis by IFA and ELISA tests and parasitological diagnosis of the
      human cases and canine infections.

PMID- 6383237
TI  - Bancroftian filariasis in Kenya. V. Mass treatment given by members of the local
      community.
AB  - Diethylcarbamazine citrate was given for a total of 13 days to all people above
      one year of age in the following areas: (1) Mambrui, a town with a population of
      about 1300; (2) Jaribuni, a rural area with a population of about 1500; (3) The
      towns and villages on the islands off the north coast of Kenya with a population
      of over 20 000. The people were not weighed, but the daily dose was calculated
      according to age, being approximately 6 mg kg-1; drug taking was not supervised.
      The drug was mainly distributed by local people who also treated the side
      effects; a doctor remained available in the background for consultation and
      advice. In Mambrui and Jaribuni, where baseline data had been collected, the
      number of infective larvae per 1000 vector-mosquitoes had decreased by more than
      90% in the six to 12 months period after the campaign. Two years after the
      campaign, the microfilaria rate in Mambrui had dropped by 75%; in Jaribuni, a
      reduction of 75% was recorded in men, but in women it was only 48%. The overall
      rates after the mass treatment were 5.3 and 9.3% in Mambrui and Jaribuni,
      respectively. On the islands to the north, particularly good results were
      obtained in the village of Siyu, where the highest elephantiasis rate had been
      recorded; three years after the campaign, the microfilaria rate there had fallen
      to 3.6%, while none of 48 children under ten were found infected. The spectacular
      results in Lamu town may have been partly due to excellent mosquito control in
      preceding years. However, no control was achieved on the remote island of Ndau,
      probably because the treatment team left before the side-effects had disappeared,
      causing many people to stop the course of tablets. Thus, on the East African
      coast it is possible and cheap to control Bancroftian filariasis by mass
      treatment campaigns carried out by local, non-medical personnel.

PMID- 6383238
TI  - Anaemia in young primigravidae in the guinea savanna of Nigeria: sickle-cell
      trait gives partial protection against malaria.
AB  - Haematological indices, malarial parasitaemia, serum and red cell folate (SFA,
      RCF), serum vitamin B12 and haemoglobin (Hb) electrophoretic patterns were
      studied in 228 non-elite young Hausa primigravidae at less than 24 weeks of
      gestation. The study was conducted in the guinea savanna of Nigeria, where
      malaria is hyperendemic. Ninety-nine (43%) were anaemic (Hb less than 11.0 g dl
      1). The commonest cause of anaemia was malaria, in 28% of all and 40% of anaemic
      subjects. Plasmodium falciparum was predominant; P. malariae was seen in 1.3% and
      P. ovale was not recorded. Parasitaemia was more frequent and more dense in the
      wet than the dry season. Iron deficiency was diagnosed in 18% of all and 25% of
      anaemic women; 14% of all patients were folate-deficient; high MCV and MCH
      correlated with anaemia, and low SFA was associated weakly with anaemia and
      malaria. Serum vitamin B12 was normal or high in all 145 in whom it was measured;
      3% had congenital elliptocytosis, but this did not contribute to the anaemia.
      Sickle-cell trait was present in 26% and Hb-AC in less than 1%. Hb-AS was
      associated with significantly lower frequency and density of P. falciparum; this
      has not been demonstrated in pregnancy in Africa previously. However, the
      parasitological advantage was not reflected in any haematological advantage. The
      roles of malaria, folate-deficiency and iron-deficiency in the causation of
      anaemia in Hausa primigravidae will be defined further by a double-blind trial of
      antimalarial prophylactics, iron supplements and folic acid supplements.

PMID- 6383239
TI  - The immunocytochemical demonstration of Toxoplasma within the eyes of
      congenitally infected mice.

PMID- 6383240
TI  - Bronchial omentopexy in canine lung allotransplantation.
AB  - Impaired bronchial healing has been a major source of morbidity and mortality
      following clinical lung transplantation. Bronchial ischemia secondary to division
      of the systemic bronchial blood supply may be an important cause of these
      complications. Bronchial omentopexy was performed in conjunction with lung
      allotransplantation in 6 dogs. Revascularization of the distal bronchial
      circulation through the omental pedicle was demonstrated in all instances by
      postmortem injection studies done through the celiac artery. Bronchostenosis
      occurred in 1 dog. No other complications were encountered. In view of the
      frequency of bronchial anastomotic complications following human lung
      transplantation, the technique of bronchial omentopexy warrants serious
      consideration.

PMID- 6383241
TI  - Identification and control of noncoronary collateral blood flow.
AB  - To identify the source of noncoronary collateral myocardial blood flow and to
      establish methods to control it during induced ischemia, 29 dogs were placed on
      cardiopulmonary bypass. The right and left ventricles were vented, vent flows
      were measured volumetrically, and intracavitary left ventricular (LV) pressures
      were monitored. After induction of ischemia by aortic cross-clamping and infusion
      of cardioplegic solution, six different microspheres 7 to 10 microns in diameter
      were injected into the aorta at six different times to measure myocardial blood
      flow during the following interventions:vent drainage of the right or left
      ventricle or both, proximal ligation of both coronary arteries, severance of the
      proximal pulmonary artery or the ascending aorta or both, and ligation of the
      bronchial arteries. Without effective LV venting, LV intracavitary pressure rose
      to 7.0 +/- 0.1 mm Hg (mean +/- standard error of the mean) and myocardial blood
      flow in the anterior left ventricle was 2.3 +/- 1.3 ml/100 gm/min. When the LV
      vent was opened, vent flow was 35.9 +/- 3.5 ml/min and myocardial blood flow fell
      to 0.3 +/- 0.2 ml/100 gm/min. Right ventricular (RV) vent flow was absent except
      when the LV vent was occluded, and this RV vent flow was abolished by ligating
      the coronary arteries. With bronchial artery ligation, LV vent flow ceased and
      myocardial blood flow was virtually absent. These studies demonstrate that
      myocardial blood flow does occur during induced ischemia, but that the source of
      this blood flow is primarily through systemic-pulmonary channels. True
      noncoronary collateral myocardial blood flow was virtually nonexistent.

PMID- 6383242
TI  - Techniques for multiple internal mammary artery bypass grafts.
AB  - Long-term patency of the internal mammary artery graft surpasses that of all
      other bypass conduits. The use of multiple internal mammary artery grafts should
      improve the long-term results following coronary artery bypass grafting.
      Technical factors used in mobilizing, preparing, and anastomosing the internal
      mammary artery are discussed in this article. Fifty-three patients received
      sequential attached left internal mammary artery grafts from April, 1982, to
      August, 1983. In 6 of these patients, the right internal mammary artery was
      anastomosed to a circumflex marginal branch. There were no operative deaths or
      instances of low cardiac output. One patient suffered anastomotic narrowing that
      possibly could have been prevented by excision of excess tissue from the internal
      mammary artery pedicle. Multiple internal mammary artery grafting should have a
      profound influence on the results of coronary artery bypass grafting.

PMID- 6383243
TI  - Disruption of left brachiocephalic vein.

PMID- 6383244
TI  - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in southeastern New England.
AB  - Eight patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) originating within
      a 25-mile radius had their conditions diagnosed in a three-year period at a
      community teaching hospital in southeastern New England. In the preceding ten
      years, only one case of TTP had occurred in the same hospital. A niece-uncle
      relationship was present in two patients, and lymphocyte typing showed that they
      both shared an HLA haplotype. In the remaining patients, no social, familial, or
      environmental connection was established. Three patients died, all of whom were
      female. Six patients received exchange plasmapheresis with excellent responses in
      five. Autopsies in the three fatal cases showed widespread organ involvement with
      TTP but did not disclose evidence of any common underlying disease. This unusual
      occurrence should alert physicians to the possibility of localized outbreaks of
      TTP and the necessity of considering this diagnosis in all patients with
      unexplained thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 6383245
TI  - Bronchoalveolar lavage in asbestosis.
AB  - The interstitial lung disease associated with asbestosis is unique in that the
      etiological agent and its effects on the pulmonary parenchyma can be studied on a
      serial basis using bronchoalveolar lavage. In this way both disease activity and
      structural derangements can be assessed and used in the treatment of the affected
      individual. In this review, attention has been drawn to the cascade of
      inflammatory changes induced by asbestos fibers. The activated inflammatory cells
      are responsible for the alveolitis characteristic of this condition. Like the
      other forms of diffuse interstitial lung disease, it is the alveolitis that
      precedes and predicts eventual fibrosis.

PMID- 6383246
TI  - Moxalactam plus ticarcillin or tobramycin for treatment of febrile episodes in
      neutropenic cancer patients.
AB  - Moxalactam disodium in combination with ticarcillin disodium or tobramycin
      sulfate was used to treat 445 episodes of suspected or confirmed infection in
      patients with cancer. The majority had leukemia and neutropenia. The rate of
      cures during the 231 confirmed infections was 65% for moxalactam and ticarcillin
      and 64% for moxalactam and tobramycin. Both regimens were comparable against
      aerobic gram-negative and polymicrobial infections. In gram-positive infections,
      the response rate for moxalactam and ticarcillin was 73% and for moxalactam and
      tobramycin, 53%. Only three of nine enterococcal infections responded to
      treatment. Thirteen percent of all organisms recovered were resistant to
      moxalactam. Side effects occurred infrequently; the most important was
      coagulopathy due to moxalactam. Nephrotoxic effects occurred in six patients
      receiving moxalactam and tobramycin and in none of those receiving moxalactam and
      ticarcillin. In 39 patients, a superinfection was confirmed. Fourteen were
      fungal, three were due to enterococcus, and one due to Klebsiella species. Eleven
      of the 14 fungal episodes occurred in the moxalactam-ticarcillin group.
      Moxalactam with ticarcillin and moxalactam with tobramycin are equally active for
      the initial treatment of presumed infection in patients with neutropenia.

PMID- 6383247
TI  - Cure of cryptococcemia and preservation of graft function in a renal transplant
      recipient.
AB  - Disseminated cryptococcosis with cryptococcemia occurred in a renal transplant
      patient in whom immunosuppression was continued throughout antifungal therapy in
      an effort to ensure graft viability. Despite the initial presence of positive
      fungal cultures of blood, urine, and CSF, infection cleared rapidly, and there
      has been no evidence of recurrence. Throughout this period, renal function
      remained unaltered. This favorable outcome suggests that the prognosis for the
      renal transplant recipient with disseminated cryptococcosis may be improved.

PMID- 6383248
TI  - Immunocytochemical identification of GABAergic neurons in the main olfactory bulb
      of the rat.
AB  - With the aid of a sheep antiserum against rat brain glutamate decarboxylase
      (GAD), the endogenous marker for GABAergic neurons, we have labeled
      immunocytochemically various types of nerve cells in the main olfactory bulb of
      rats, with and without topic injections of colchicine. The peroxidase
      antiperoxidase procedure was applied to floating Vibratome and frozen sections. A
      large part of the periglomerular cell population and practically all granule
      cells in the deep layers contain GAD-like immunoreactivity in untreated rats,
      while tufted and mitral cells (the projection neurons) are unstained. This
      observation confirms a previous study with a rabbit antiserum against mouse brain
      GAD, which suggested that GABAergic neurons with presynaptic dendrites contain
      high somatal concentrations of GAD. We show, however, that immunostaining of
      granule cell bodies decreases progressively from the internal plexiform layer to
      the deep portion of the granule cell layer. Many cell processes in the glomeruli
      are densely stained. They presumably represent synaptic gemmules of the numerous
      GAD-positive periglomerular cells, which thus could provide initial, inhibitory
      modulation of the afferent input. In the external plexiform layer immunostaining
      of the neuropil is substantially denser in the superficial half than in the deep
      half. This may reflect a corresponding gradient of inhibition related to unequal
      frequency of occurrence of synaptic gemmules of granule cell dendrites.
      Alternatively such a graded immunostaining of cell processes could be related to
      the corresponding gradient in the density of immunostaining of granule cell
      bodies in the deep layers, in accordance with recent data indicating that
      superficial and deep granule cells project their ascending dendrites respectively
      to superficial and deep portions of the external plexiform layer. Furthermore, we
      have demonstrated the presence of additional classes of GAD-positive neurons,
      microneurons in the external plexiform layer, small neurons in the periglomerular
      region, the external plexiform layer, the mitral cell layer, the internal
      plexiform layer, and medium-size neurons in the granule layer and the white
      matter. The small- and medium-size GAD-positive neurons appear weakly
      immunoreactive in untreated rats, but become densely stained after topic
      colchicine injection. Such cells presumably lack presynaptic dendrites and may
      correspond to different types of short axon cells demonstrated by the Golgi
      method.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6383249
TI  - Expression of surface hydrophobicity encoded by R-plasmids in Escherichia coli
      laboratory strains.
AB  - The inclusion of drug-resistance plasmids (R-plasmids) in Escherichia coli
      strains has been shown to determine the formation of specific surface structures
      which could modify bacterial surface characteristics relevant for pathogenic
      processes. Thirtyone R-plasmids (from different incompatibility groups) have been
      transferred to three E. coli laboratory strains, and surface hydrophobicity
      modifications have been measured by three methods: "salting-out", adsorption to
      hexadecane and adsorption to xylene. The results obtained show that the presence
      of R-plasmids produced variations which are dependent on the receptor strains and
      measuring method employed. Also, it has been found that the plasmids behave
      differently depending on the strain in which they are included. The results
      obtained by the "salting-out" method are not correlative with those obtained by
      adsorption to hydrocarbons, probably due to the implication of different
      hydrophobic molecules in the interaction with salt or hydrocarbons. Concluding,
      the choice of receptor strain and measuring method are of great importance for
      the investigation of surface hydrophobicity (and probably other characteristics)
      encoded by R-plasmids.

PMID- 6383250
TI  - Alpha-mating-type-specific suppression and a-mating-type-specific enhancement by
      tunicamycin of sexual agglutinability in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Effects of tunicamycin (TM) on the sexual agglutinability and zygote formation of
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied using the two kinds of haploid strains,
      inducible and constitutive for sexual agglutinability. Induction of sexual
      agglutinability by opposite mating type sex pheromone of inducible strains was
      inhibited by TM in alpha mating type but not in a mating type. The recovery by
      temperature-shift-down from the temperature-suppressed sexual agglutinability of
      constitutive strains was enhanced by TM in a mating type but rather inhibited in
      alpha mating type. Pretreatment with TM of constitutive strains enhanced sexual
      agglutinability in a mating type but not in alpha mating type. The above
      mentioned a-mating-type-specific agglutinability-enhancing actions of TM were
      discussed in relation to the action mechanism of alpha pheromone which induces or
      enhances the sexual agglutinability of a cells. Zygote formation was inhibited by
      TM in both constitutive and inducible strains at concentrations which showed only
      partially inhibitory effect on sexual agglutinability.

PMID- 6383251
TI  - [Treatment of pain in burn patients].

PMID- 6383252
TI  - [Diabetes induced by corticoids in 6 children after renal transplantation].
AB  - We studied the occurrence of diabetes mellitus in 6 children receiving
      corticosteroid therapy after renal transplantation. The first hyperglycemic
      episode occurred in all cases before the fortieth day of treatment but other
      episodes were observed thereafter. All children were glycosuric, without
      ketonuria. The diabetes has always been transient, and easily managed with
      insulin treatment and usual diabetic diet. A glucose tolerance test was performed
      3 to 6 months after these episodes; glycemic response to glucose was abnormal in
      2 of 6 children; in all cases, the insulin response to the glucose load was
      inadequate. In 2 children, the fasting blood glucose is still abnormal after a
      follow-up of 3 years. The other patients have recovered despite sustained
      corticotherapy. No specific background (genetics, HLA groups) or specific
      circumstances of treatment were identified. Therefore, we recommend to follow
      closely glycemia in children after renal transplantation, with a daily glycemic
      determination especially during the first 3 weeks.

PMID- 6383253
TI  - [Caffey's disease in a mother and her 2 children].
AB  - This case of familial infantile cortical hyperostosis is reported because of 2
      special features: abnormal x-rays were available in the mother and one son; the
      mother presented with late manifestations. Literature data show the fairly high
      incidence of familial cases of Caffey disease; however, both particular features
      reported here were rarely mentioned.

PMID- 6383254
TI  - [Epidemiology and treatment of Streptococcus B perinatal infections].

PMID- 6383255
TI  - A monomeric methyl and hydroxypropyl methacrylate injection medium and its
      utility in casting blood capillaries and liver bile canaliculi for scanning
      electron microscopy.
AB  - A mixture of 50-60% monomeric methyl methacrylate and 40-50% monomeric 2
      hydroxypropyl methacrylate was supplemented with 1.5% benzoyl peroxide (catalyst)
      and 1.5% N,N-dimethylaniline (accelerator) and injected into glutaraldehyde
      perfusion fixed rat hypophyseal and other endocrine organ blood vessels and
      biliary tracts. This injection medium rapidly polymerized at room temperature and
      did not require partial polymerization prior to injection. Good casts of blood
      vessels, including the hypophyseal capillaries, were obtained for scanning
      electron microscopy. The monomeric methacrylate medium possesses a great
      advantage over previous ones, as its fluidity enables the casting of very fine
      vessels such as bile canaliculi. In the case of non-fixed tissues, the monomeric
      methacrylate medium should be injected carefully, as it is toxic and destructive
      to the vessels.

PMID- 6383256
TI  - Two immunologically different penicillin amidases synthetized by Escherichia coli
      PCM 271.
AB  - From Escherichia coli PCM 271 cells two penicillin amidases were separated by
      affinity chromatography on immunoadsorbent column. In cells grown in organic
      medium the activities of the amidase 1 and 2 were 30 and 70% respectively,
      whereas the activity of the amidase 1 in the cells grown in inorganic medium
      increased up to 98%. The amidase 1 migrated faster in polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and was retained on DEAE-cellulose in 10 mM phosphate buffer, pH
      8. No catalytic differences were demonstrated between the amidases.

PMID- 6383257
TI  - Characterization of anti-treponemal lymphotoxin from lymphocytes of syphilitic
      rabbits.
AB  - The effect of various treatments on the activity of anti-treponemal lymphotoxin
      (ATL) produced by lymphocytes of syphilitic rabbits was studied. Treponema
      pallidum-killing activity of ATL was slightly reduced after heating at 56 degrees
      C and completely abolished at 100 degrees C. The significant reduction of the
      activity was also obtained after exposure of ATL to acidic conditions (pH 1-5) at
      room temperature, or by treatment with papain and neuraminidase. Activity of ATL
      was completely resistant to deoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease and trypsin
      treatment. ATL was eluted from the Sephadex G-100 column together with
      hemoglobin, that suggested the apparent molecular weight of ATL of about 65,000.
      The active fraction from the Sephadex G-100 column was further fractionated on
      DEAE-Sephadex A-50. The activity of ATL was widely spread in the column eluate,
      indicating the charge heterogeneity. All these data indicate that ATL is a
      relatively low molecular weight protein. The sensitivity to neuraminidase and
      heterogeneity of charge suggest that it is a glycosylated protein.

PMID- 6383258
TI  - Histiocytic sarcoma in Wistar rats. A light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and
      ultrastructural study.
AB  - Histiocytic sarcoma, a recently described tumor entity in rats, was studied by
      light microscopy in 20 male and female Wistar rats. The tumors originated from
      subcutaneous tissues; metastasis involved primarily the liver with sinusoidal
      spread and the lungs with peribronchiolar distribution. The characteristic
      features of this tumor were the uniform population of tumor cells, palisading
      necrosis, and abundant multinucleated giant cells. Immunocytochemical and
      ultrastructural findings confirmed the histiocytic nature of the tumor cells.

PMID- 6383259
TI  - Pulmonary bile emboli. Sequelae of iatrogenic trauma.
AB  - A 58-year-old man manifested obstructive jaundice secondary to adenocarcinoma of
      the common hepatic duct. The markedly icteric patient underwent multiple
      diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, including percutaneous needle biopsy of
      the liver, curettage, catheterization and washing of the hepatic ducts, and
      percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. Three months later the patient died of
      a bleeding gastric ulcer. Autopsy confirmed the presence of adenocarcinoma of the
      common hepatic duct. Microscopic examination of the lungs disclosed numerous bile
      emboli in the smaller arteries, arterioles, and in a few alveolar capillaries.
      Histochemical reaction of the emboli was positive for bilirubin. Organizing
      fibrin was seen around occasional bile emboli, but most were without microscopic
      reaction. Review of the literature disclosed nine cases of pulmonary bile
      embolism, six of which had a history of marked cholestasis and trauma to the
      liver, like the present patient. Bile reaches the systemic circulation through a
      biliary-venous fistula that, in our case, was probably iatrogenic.

PMID- 6383260
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of apoprotein B in aortas from hyperlipemic
      swine. Preferential accumulation in lesion-prone areas.
AB  - In hyperlipemic swine, areas of the aortic arch that accumulate intravenously
      injected Evans blue dye (blue areas) appear to be more susceptible to early
      atherogenesis than adjacent areas that are devoid of dye uptake (white areas). We
      used immunofluorescence microscopy to determine the localization of apoprotein-B
      (apoB) in these blue and white areas, and in intimal cell masses (ICMs) of the
      abdominal aortas obtained from hyperlipemic and normolipemic swine. The results
      showed that before aortic lesions were visible grossly or microscopically,
      extracellular accumulations of apoB occurred preferentially in the thickened
      intima of blue areas and in ICMs of the abdominal aorta. Normal white areas in
      the aortic arch and abdominal aortas, and in the aortas obtained from control
      swine showed negligible immunoreactivity. Thus, the accumulation of apoB at
      anatomic sites predilected to early atherogenesis lends further evidence linking
      these lipoproteins with atherogenesis.

PMID- 6383261
TI  - Lumbosacral distraction spondylodesis with autologous bone graft together with
      posterolateral fusion.
AB  - We supplement posterolateral fusion with medial interspinal distraction
      spondylodesis to attain decompression in addition to fixation in the dorsal part
      of the two lower lumbar motion segments. An exactly fitted corticospongiosa bone
      graft from the spina iliaca posterior is wedged between the spinal processes L4
      and S1 under distraction with maximal kyphosis of the lumbar spine; metallic
      implants are not used. The graft maintains the distraction until the
      posterolateral fusion band is fixed. Furthermore, a third fusion band is thus
      made. Indication, technique, and postoperative treatment are described. The
      outcome and durability of the distraction are checked with a standardized
      measurement procedure for motion segments L4 to S1.

PMID- 6383262
TI  - Thorn-induced non-specific granulomatous left biceps myositis with left
      subareolar lymphadenopathy.
AB  - In surveying the pediatric and orthopedic literature, very little has been
      written about foreign bodies in skeletal muscle or muscle tissue inflammation in
      response to foreign bodies. When it is known that a foreign body has penetrated
      the muscle or if it is externally visible, there is no diagnostic problem.
      However, this can become a perplexing problem when history and physical
      examination are not clearly diagnostic. We present a case in which a thorn
      penetrated the left biceps muscle of a 10-year-old girl. The thorn remained there
      for 3 weeks without disturbing the child. It produced a local sterile
      granulomatous reaction in the muscle. Two weeks later, left subareolar
      lymphadenopathy appeared with no involvement of the axillary lymph nodes.

PMID- 6383263
TI  - Respiratory rehabilitation in severe restrictive lung disease secondary to
      tuberculosis.
AB  - There is a need for portable and less expensive devices for patients with chronic
      respiratory insufficiency. The case of a 44-year-old Hispanic woman is
      illustrative. The patient had severe restrictive lung disease secondary to right
      phrenic nerve crush/pneumoperitoneum and left pneumonectomy/decortication for
      bilateral lower lobe tuberculosis. In 1969, 12 years after her last operation,
      she developed dyspnea, coryza, and somnolence. She was hospitalized with a PaO2
      of 30mmHg; PaCO2 of 77mmHg and a pH of 7.28. Pulmonary function tests showed
      alveolar hypoventilation and her resting ventilation was between 2.26 to
      3.74L/min. Her vital capacity was 1130cc (37% of predicted value) and maximum
      breathing capacity was 36L/min (44% of predicted value). From 1969, she used a
      poncho (wraparound) ventilator for her long-term respiratory care and modified
      the poncho suit to meet her personal needs. In 1971, she discovered that a mouth
      intermittent positive pressure ventilation (MIPPV) method, often used by patients
      with neuromuscular disorders, was easier to apply. Since then, she has continued
      to use a Bantam Respirator with MIPPV and a lipguard/mouthpiece during the night,
      and the respirator with a mouthpiece for a few hours during the days. However,
      when she has an upper respiratory infection or feels tired, she finds that she
      needs the greater rest and comfort that the poncho provides. With the assistance
      of these two respiratory devices, she has been able to complete her education,
      marry, and lead a fulfilling life in the community. This patient is considered
      the first person with severe lung pathology to utilize MIPPV for sleep.

PMID- 6383264
TI  - [Comparative study of a desensitization technic].

PMID- 6383265
TI  - [New technic for the preparation of complete crown restorations].

PMID- 6383266
TI  - [The importance of root anatomy in the preparation of intracanalicular pins and
      screws].

PMID- 6383267
TI  - The barber-surgeons of London.
AB  - The Company of the Barber-Surgeons of London was formed by the union of the
      Company of Barbers and the Fellowship of Surgeons in 1540. It marked one of the
      great milestones in English surgery. The barbers had carried out minor surgery
      such as bleeding and lancing of abscesses, while the more erudite surgeons
      attempted to evolve some principles in surgery, and were involved in the
      mutilating surgery of warfare. The Barber-Surgeons became responsible for
      instigating teaching programs and the licensing of men to practice the art of
      surgery; they also appointed surgeons to the armed forces. An inevitable rift
      between these two different types of people occurred in 1745. The surgeons broke
      away and formed the Company of Surgeons, which, in 1800, became the Royal College
      of Surgeons.

PMID- 6383268
TI  - Systemic prophylactic antibiotics in elective biliary surgery.
AB  - We tested the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics in elective
      cholecystectomy in 105 patients in a single-blind, controlled randomized trial.
      Fifty-six patients received prophylactic antibiotics and 49 patients entered the
      control group. Of the patients who received prophylactic antibiotics, 3.6% had
      wound infections, v24.5% in the control group. The rate of wound infection in
      patients with positive bile cultures, diabetes, appendectomies, and
      choledochotomies was 24.4%, v 3.4% in the group who had cholecystectomies only,
      with negative bile cultures and no diabetes. We concluded that prophylactic
      antibiotics are effective in patients with high-risk factors such as diabetes
      mellitus, exploration of the choledochus, and appendectomy, and in patients with
      positive bile cultures.

PMID- 6383269
TI  - Acceleration of wound healing by a live yeast cell derivative.
AB  - Acceleration of the normal rate of burn wound healing would serve to decrease the
      morbidity and possibly the mortality of burn victims. A live yeast cell
      derivative (LYCD) has previously been reported to stimulate wound
      epithelialization and this study was designed to evaluate that hypothesis. Twenty
      six human skin graft donor sites in nine patients were compared in a double
      blind, randomized, single-center inpatient study. Thin donor sites were used as a
      model for superficial wound healing. Statistically significant earlier
      angiogenesis and epithelialization occurred in donor sites treated with LYCD
      ointment as compared with donor sites in the same patients treated simultaneously
      with ointment base. Stinging pain was noted by seven patients, but in all cases
      the pain was mild and required no analgesia.

PMID- 6383270
TI  - Steroid effect on capillary permeability in gram-negative septic shock.
      Evaluation by vitreous fluorophotometry.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to use vitreous fluorophotometry to evaluate the
      effects of glucocorticoids on capillary permeability during gram-negative septic
      shock. Twelve preconditioned mongrel dogs were cannulated with arterial lines and
      Swan-Ganz catheters for complete hemodynamic monitoring. All 12 dogs were
      injected with fluorescein and live Escherichia coli intravenously. Six of the 12
      dogs were administered methylprednisolone at set intervals after the initiation
      of the E coli infusion. Vitreous fluorophotometric recordings were taken hourly.
      Leakage of fluorescein into the extravascular space occurred in both groups, up
      to several hours after E coli infusion. However, in the steroid group, the
      capillary permeability decreased and stabilized following the initial increase in
      permeability. We conclude that steroids, when administered during the development
      of gram-negative septic shock, may modify capillary permeability changes.

PMID- 6383271
TI  - Hospital costs of surgical complications.
AB  - Fifteen patients who had a general or gynecologic abdominal operation were
      operated on a second time for a complication of the first operation. There were
      three deaths. Extra costs attributable to the complications amounted to +211,503,
      of which one third was uncollectible. One half of the extra hospital days for
      surviving patients were spent in the intensive care unit.

PMID- 6383272
TI  - Lymph node metastases. Indicators, but not governors of survival.
AB  - Regional lymph node filter function has traditionally been assumed to be critical
      in the prevention of the systemic spread of malignant cells shed from the primary
      cancer. However, in a multitude of clinical studies involving a variety of
      cancers, prophylactic removal of such regional lymph nodes, with or without
      metastases, does not improve cure rates compared with the observation of these
      lymph nodes. Furthermore, laboratory studies indicate that lymph node filter
      function may not be either complete or effective, and that many lymphatic and
      lymphaticovenous shunts exists that bypass regional lymph nodes and allow both
      lymphatic and hematogenous dissemination of malignant cells. These facts
      emphasize that regional lymph node metastases are indicators, but not governors,
      of survival in cancer. The timing of the clinical appearance of regional lymph
      node metastases and their number are, with few exceptions, excellent indicators
      of the biologic behavior of the primary cancer and the cells that are shed from
      it. This shedding of cells into the vascular and lymphatic vessels undoubtedly
      occurs simultaneously in the vast majority of cancers, but the later progressive
      growth of cells and micrometastases distributed hematogenously to vital organs is
      the ultimate governor of survival.

PMID- 6383275
TI  - Quantitative analysis of cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulins in various
      neurological diseases.

PMID- 6383274
TI  - A technically simple "non-lethal" vital staining procedure for viral plaque and
      cell transformation assays. Brief report.
AB  - The widely used tetrazolium dye, MTT, has several advantages as a vital stain in
      the identification of viral plaques. First, since the yellow colored dye MTT
      stains live cells dark blue, viral plaques can be counted without removal of the
      phenol red containing agar overlay. Secondly, the high contrast between live and
      dead cells afforded by MTT permits one to readily detect small plaques at an
      early time after infection. Thirdly, since cells intensely stained with MTT
      remain viable, MTT vital staining can be used to isolate cells which are either
      transformed or resistant to viruses. Thus, MTT vital staining should be useful in
      several types of viral plaque assays.

PMID- 6383276
TI  - [Antigen-induced morphological changes of basophils from atopic asthmatics
      observed by phase-contrast microscopy].

PMID- 6383277
TI  - [40th anniversary of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR].

PMID- 6383273
TI  - Metabolism of stilbene estrogens and steroidal estrogens in relation to
      carcinogenicity.
AB  - The oxidative metabolism of diethylstilbestrol (DES) and 17 alpha-ethynyl
      estradiol, as examples of stilbene- and steroid-type estrogens, is discussed with
      respect to the formation of reactive intermediates. For DES, a genotoxic
      potential is implied by metabolic studies and positive effects in short-term
      tests for genetic damage. A particularly important pathway for DES
      carcinogenicity appears to be peroxidase-mediated oxidation. Although data for
      steroidal estrogens are more ambiguous, the available evidence suggests that
      metabolic activation by peroxidatic oxidation may also be of importance for this
      class of estrogens.

PMID- 6383278
TI  - AHCCCS--a mid-life crisis: changes made and lessons learned.

PMID- 6383279
TI  - Competitive bidding for indigent patients: what are the lessons of the Arizona
      experiment?

PMID- 6383280
TI  - AHCCCS--the Pima County experience.

PMID- 6383281
TI  - Is AHCCCS working in the rural areas?

PMID- 6383282
TI  - Public perceptions of AHCCCS and estimates of eligibility for enrollment in
      publicly-funded health care programs: results of telephone surveys in
      Metropolitan Tucson.

PMID- 6383283
TI  - AHCCCS: fallout on medical education.

PMID- 6383284
TI  - Cardiac rupture.

PMID- 6383285
TI  - Overview of non-cutaneous T-cell malignancies.

PMID- 6383286
TI  - [Study of morphological types of nephrotic glomerulonephritis and the number of
      glucocorticoid receptors of lymphocytes for prognosis of the effectiveness of
      glucocorticoid therapy].
AB  - The study of the glucocortocoid receptors (GCR) level of blood lymphocytes in 31
      patients with glomerulonephritis (GN) of the nephrotic type revealed the lack of
      a clear parallelism between the morphological type of GN and GCR level. A
      relatively low GCR level correlates with the resistance of nephrotic GN patients
      regardless of the GN morphological type. The patients with a relatively low GCR
      level did not respond to the glucocorticoid (GC) therapy even if they had
      morphological types of nephrotic GN considered to be "favourable" for this
      therapy (mesangio-proliferative and membranous GN). It is stated that the GC
      therapy for such patients is not justified.

PMID- 6383287
TI  - [Problems of pathological anatomy within the framework of the USSR Academy of
      Medical Sciences during the 40 years of its existence (1944-1984)].
AB  - The authors summarized the results of research in the field of pathology carried
      out within the framework of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences for 40 years of
      its existence, from 1944 to 1984. The main directions of this research are
      defined and the role of outstanding Soviet pathologists who created their
      scientific schools and who made an important contribution into various problems
      of pathology is pointed out. The continuity between the traditional and modern
      trends of investigations carried out by means of both classical and the most
      recent methods of the structural-functional analysis is shown. Particular
      attention by the scientists of the Academy during the whole period of its
      existence has been drawn to the problems of general pathology, the discussion of
      the philosophical-methodological aspects of modern medicine and the criticism of
      modern reactionary bourgeois trends in biology and medicine.

PMID- 6383288
TI  - [The history of the science of human aging and death].

PMID- 6383289
TI  - [Morphology, pathogenesis and classification of interstitial lung diseases].
AB  - The current literature data and the authors' material on the interstitial lung
      diseases (ILD) are presented. The authors' material includes the results of
      morphological (light and electron microscopy) examination of 36 intrabronchial
      biopsies in ILD patients, 2 open biopsies, 6 autopsy cases and lungs of
      laboratory animals with various forms of the bronchoalveolar sclerosis and
      interstitial pneumonia. ILD is shown to be a chronic inflammatory lung condition
      with a cooperation between the immunocompetent and inflammatory cells in the
      alveolar septa and fibrosis of the alveolar walls. The disturbance of the immune
      homeostasis, particularly that of cell immunity, plays a role in the ILD
      pathogenesis. Complex intercellular relationships, in which the mediators of cell
      to-cell interaction are of importance, are being established in the alveolar
      interstitium. This makes ILD morphology resembling that of the immune
      inflammation in other organs. So-called "neutrophilic alveolitis" induced by the
      immune complexes is of great importance in the pathogenesis of certain diffuse
      ILD forms, for example, the cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. The "neutrophilic
      alveolitis" is characterized by the presence of few neutrophils among the
      mononuclear cells infiltrating the alveolar septa. The alterations of the
      arteries, veins and capillaries in ILD may be subdivided into haemodynamic and
      inflammatory. ILD can be reproduced experimentally by either intravenous or
      intratracheal administration of antigen.

PMID- 6383290
TI  - [Structure of the causes of fatal outcome and functional disorder of grafts in
      patients following kidney transplantation].
AB  - The postmortem analysis of 146 kidney transplantations that have been performed
      in the Latvian centre for kidney transplantation from 1974 to 1980 is presented.
      The following three groups of complications as the direct causes of death are
      found: the complications of the immunosuppressive therapy, those of uncorrected
      arterial hypertension and uremic complications. These results indicate the
      necessity of a rational approach to the choice of immunosuppressant doses, the
      control and correction of the arterial pressure as well as an early programmed
      hemodialysis of patients with non-functioning transplanted kidneys.

PMID- 6383291
TI  - [Submicroscopic characteristics of argyrophilic-cell adenocarcinoma of the
      endometrium].
AB  - The majority of tumour cells in the endometrial carcinoma studied electron
      microscopically were found to contain endocrine granules. These were very
      polymorphic by their structure and size (from 80 to 350 nm). Small granules
      predominated which could not be detected light-microscopically. Apart from the
      endocrine cells, tumour cells corresponding to the endometrial epithelium at the
      stage of secretion and other cells of endocrine and secretory type were observed.
      Therefore the possibility is not excluded that the tumours of this type develop
      due to the divergent differentiation of the endometrial undifferentiated elements
      under the condition of tumour growth.

PMID- 6383292
TI  - [Prof. S. A. Monogenov (on the centenary of his birth)].

PMID- 6383293
TI  - [Myofibroblasts in epithelial and mesenchymal tumors].

PMID- 6383294
TI  - [Morphometric study of the normal kidney and in pathology: the possibilities and
      limitations].
AB  - The possibilities of morphometry in the study of normal and pathologically
      altered kidney at the macroscopical, light optical and ultrastructural levels are
      considered. Morphometrical approaches to the examination of the glomeruli,
      nephron canaliculi and collecting tubules, blood and lymph vessels,
      juxtaglomerular apparatus, interstitial medulla cells, intraorgan nerves are
      analysed. Some practical recommendations for quantitative analysis of the renal
      structure are given, the causes of possible errors are indicated.

PMID- 6383295
TI  - [Inflammation associated with cardiac muscle cells parasitized by Trypanosoma
      cruzi, in chronic Chagas' disease patients].

PMID- 6383296
TI  - [Effectiveness of captopril in acute and prolonged treatment of patients with
      hypertensive crisis].

PMID- 6383297
TI  - John P. Merrill, M.D., international nephrologist.

PMID- 6383298
TI  - Comparison of chemical analyses of hollow-fiber dialyzer extracts.
AB  - Hollow-fiber hemodialyzers containing cellulose-based membranes have been shown
      to produce positive results with the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test. This
      study was undertaken to determine whether endotoxin was causing the reaction.
      Rinses from 45 parallel-plate and hollow-fiber dialyzers from eight different
      manufacturers were tested using three lysates and four LAL methods. In addition,
      four in vitro cellular methods--human leukocytic pyrogen, lymphocytic activating
      factor, peritoneal macrophage, and arginase release--were used to evaluate
      endotoxin activity. The substance causing the reaction was identified using
      chromatographic methods. Results indicate that the LAL-reactive material is
      cellulose derived and is not pyrogenic.

PMID- 6383299
TI  - Autonomic dysfunction and sleep apnea in olivopontocerebellar degeneration.
AB  - We studied ten men with olivopontocerebellar degeneration. Our findings of the
      autonomic deficits as manifested by orthostatic hypotension, impaired Valsalva's
      response, abnormal findings on cold pressor and mental arithmetic tests, and
      plasma renin and norepinephrine abnormalities in some patients with
      olivopontocerebellar degeneration suggested a defective central control of the
      sympathetic nervous system. Five patients had sleep apnea. Autonomic dysfunction
      and sleep apnea in olivopontocerebellar degeneration may result from degenerative
      lesions in the cerebellum and the brain stem.

PMID- 6383300
TI  - Epilepsy and insanity during the early 19th century. A conceptual history.
AB  - During the first half of the 19th century, epilepsy and the insanities were
      considered as closely related "neurotic" disorders. Under the influence of
      factors such as the decline of the 18th-century Cullean concept of neurosis, the
      development of the new descriptive psychopathology, the introduction of
      statistics, and the availability of longitudinal observations of hospitalized
      cohorts, epilepsy was redefined as a "neurological" disease by the 1850s. The
      reaction of psychiatry to the exclusion of the mental disorder as a defining
      feature of epilepsy manifested itself in the creation of the "masked epilepsy"
      concept. This notion is behind the later development of categories such as
      "borderland" and "equivalent," which are still of some relevance to 20th-century
      views of epilepsy.

PMID- 6383302
TI  - Keratoplasty for posterior keratoconus.

PMID- 6383301
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of purine nucleosides in human
      gingival crevicular fluid.
AB  - Samples of human crevicular fluid were collected and analysed by high-performance
      liquid chromatography (HPLC) for purine nucleotides, nucleosides and bases. The
      complex chromatograms, had concentrations of compounds in two regions. Region (I)
      corresponded to purine bases and nucleosides, adenine and hypoxanthine were
      specifically identified. In region (II), where purine nucleotide mono- and
      diphosphates are generally observed, IMP and AMP were identified. In one subject
      with advanced periodontitis, additional compounds in region II were observed;
      crevicular fluid in gingivitis had the majority of their purine-containing
      compounds in region I.

PMID- 6383303
TI  - Electroretinographic oscillatory potentials predict progression of diabetic
      retinopathy. Preliminary report.
AB  - The oscillatory potential (OP) amplitudes of the electroretinogram (ERG) were
      determined in a group of 85 diabetic patients entering the Early Treatment
      Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS). The rate of progression among
      nonphotocoagulated eyes to the Diabetic Retinopathy Study high-risk
      characteristics (DRS-HRC) during a ten- to 40-month follow-up period was
      determined. Progression occurred in 19 of 85 eyes at risk. Those eyes with
      abnormal OP amplitudes (less than or equal to 75 microV) at study entry had a
      tenfold higher rate of progression to DRS-HRC than did eyes with normal
      amplitudes (greater than 75 microV). Although the level of retinopathic severity
      at study entry was a significant factor in the rate of subsequent progression,
      the amplitudes of the OPs remained a significant risk factor even after
      correcting the initial retinopathic level. The ERG seems to be a useful clinical
      tool in predicting the rate of progression of diabetic retinopathy. The reduction
      in OP amplitudes probably is a quantitative measure of the degree of overall
      inner layer retinal ischemia.

PMID- 6383304
TI  - Effect of fibrin on morphologic characteristics of retinal pigment epithelial
      cells.
AB  - Human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in culture, when overlaid by a
      fibrin clot, lose their normal epithelial morphologic features and migrate into
      the overlying clot as fibrocytelike cells. The behavior of human RPE cells on
      exposure to fibrin correlates well with the observed response of RPE in several
      ocular disorders in which fibrin deposition within the eye is an important
      feature. The mechanism of recognition and interaction between fibrin and RPE
      cells is unknown. The in vitro system used in our current studies allows the
      investigation of this interaction in a controlled environment. Further study of
      the interaction between human RPE cells and fibrin offers the possibility of
      improving our understanding and treatment of several blinding ocular disorders,
      including the disciform phase of senile macular degeneration, proliferative
      vitreoretinopathy, and the sequelae of ocular trauma.

PMID- 6383305
TI  - Dermal grafts to bony defects in irradiated and nonirradiated tissues.
AB  - Coverage of intraoral ablative defects presents many different problems. Free
      dermal grafts have been used to cover exposed mandibular bone in dogs. Grafts
      were placed in animals both before and after irradiation. Grafts were uniformly
      successful in animals not previously irradiated but failed when placed after
      irradiation.

PMID- 6383306
TI  - Development and present state of cerebellopontine angle surgery from the neuro-
      and otosurgical point of view.
AB  - fter a short review of the historical development of surgery of cerebellopontine
      angle tumours, the latest results of neurosurgery are compared with those of
      otosurgery in this field. The advantages and disadvantages of neurosurgical and
      otosurgical approaches are discussed.

PMID- 6383307
TI  - Tracheal transplantation. I. The immunogenic effect of rat tracheal transplants.
AB  - To clarify contradictory information in the literature about the immunogenic
      effect of the trachea, tracheal transplantations were performed orthotopically
      and heterotopically in two combinations of inbred rat strains. In all in vivo
      experiments it was possible to demonstrate a considerable systemic immunisation
      by transplantation antigens. There were no indications of even slight
      organospecific immunogenicity of the trachea. Thus, the trachea is subject to the
      same immunological laws for transplantation as all other tissues.

PMID- 6383308
TI  - Use of bromocriptine in the treatment of gynaecologic disorders.

PMID- 6383309
TI  - Prophylactic administration of tinidazole in major gynaecological surgery.

PMID- 6383310
TI  - Intramuscular administration of 15(S) methyl prostaglandins F2 alpha for
      midtrimester abortion.

PMID- 6383311
TI  - Cell biology of choriocarcinoma.

PMID- 6383312
TI  - Ventricular fibrillation and defibrillation.

PMID- 6383313
TI  - Stereotactic implantation of radioactive sources for the treatment of brain
      tumours.

PMID- 6383314
TI  - Medical ultrasound: is there a hazard?

PMID- 6383315
TI  - Obstructive azoospermia after a second renal transplant: an avoidable cause of
      infertility.
AB  - A case of obstructive azoospermia and infertility after renal transplantation is
      presented. Vasectomies were performed incidental to insertion of a renal
      allograft on each side and were not amenable to vasovasostomy owing to retraction
      of the proximal vasal stump. The desirability of spermatic cord preservation in
      younger men undergoing renal transplantation is discussed.

PMID- 6383316
TI  - Post traumatic renal hypertension.

PMID- 6383317
TI  - The acute phase response: a clinical perspective.

PMID- 6383318
TI  - Current management of aplastic anemia.

PMID- 6383319
TI  - Aerospace Medical Association. Directory of members.

PMID- 6383320
TI  - Immunotoxins--theoretical and practical aspects.
AB  - The clinical application of immunotoxins is still hampered by a number of
      unsolved problems. These include difficulties associated with each of the
      components of the conjugates, i.e., antibody, coupling agent, and cytotoxic drug.
      Additional problems are caused by the conjugate formation itself. Major obstacles
      are the lack of data relating to the pharmacokinetics of immunotoxins and their
      fate after binding to the target cells. This article reviews these problems and
      indicates possible solutions, including two suggestions for model immunotoxins.

PMID- 6383321
TI  - How to find immunomodulators--a look backward and forward.
AB  - The history of specific and unspecific immunomodulation is shortly discussed.
      While repository adjuvants are already established drugs for specific
      immunomodulation, no unspecific immunomodulator has successfully passed clinical
      trials in tumor patients yet. As this is in striking contrast to the effects seen
      with unspecific immunomodulators in experimental immunological and tumor test
      systems, the value of those screening models to predict clinical success may be
      asked for. To improve the success rate, it is recommended to test compounds for
      their immunomodulatory effects as broad as possible in ex vivo and in vivo test
      systems. Subsequently, the prophylactic as well as therapeutic potency of
      selected immunomodulating drugs should be evaluated in various models of
      aptitude, such as chronic infection, autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory
      reactions. Those diseases are at least to a certain extent influenced by the
      immune system, in contrast to the uncertainty in case of tumour diseases.
      Screening of immunomodulating compounds in tumor models should be done with
      special consideration of minimal residual diseases and formation of metastases.

PMID- 6383322
TI  - Studies on the mechanisms of action of the immunomodulator Bestatin in various
      screening test systems.
AB  - The effects of Bestatin, a low molecular weight metabolite of Streptomyces
      olivoreticuli on the human and mouse/rat immune system, have been studied in
      detail. To describe the activity of the immunomodulating dipeptide, it has been
      tested in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo in various experimental models. Bestatin
      simultaneously applied with selected antigens to mice was able to enhance the DTH
      response against a challenge injection of the respective antigen given into the
      footpad. Serum antibody levels against those antigens were uneffected. However,
      an increase of PFC could be found in those mice given high doses of Bestatin. On
      natural killer cell activity against Yac-1 tumor cells the dipeptide had no
      effect in low responder (DBA2/J) mice. In high responder mice (CBA/JCr), however,
      a significant increase of NK cell activity of spleen cells could be found, when
      the drug was given on day 0 or on days 0 to 3 and the test was performed on day
      4. Bestatin had no effect on the generation of allogeneic cytotoxic T-lymphocytes
      in vivo or in vitro and even a suppressive effect on the induction of syngeneic
      antitumor CTL. Contrary to this suppressive effect, Bestatin increases in the
      popliteal lymph node assay the weights in a dose-dependent way. When mouse
      macrophages or human monocytes were either incubated in vitro with Bestatin or
      mice were treated with the dipeptide parenterally or orally and the macrophages
      from those mice were investigated, Bestatin induced in vitro and in vivo a dose
      dependent increase in pinocytic uptake of radioactive colloidal gold. Also the
      oxidative metabolism was dose-dependently augmented as measured by
      chemiluminescence. Bestatin modulates the macrophage mediated cytotoxicity. In
      vitro or in vivo activated mononuclear phagocytes exhibited a dose-dependent
      increase in cytotoxic activity for several tumor target cells. A minimum ratio of
      50:1 effector to target cells was necessary for this cytotoxic effect. A similar
      degree of activation was observed in macrophages from athymic nu/nu-mice or from
      endotoxin resistant C3H/HeJ-mice. Other parameters of macrophage activation were
      determined by measuring secretion of lysosomal enzymes and liberation of
      prostaglandins. Bestatin interacts with macrophages in vivo and in vitro by
      increasing their secretory activity of acid hydrolases (beta-glucuronidase, beta
      galactosidase, and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase). This release was dose- and
      time-dependent and not associated with any sign of cell death. Another class of
      mediators produced by macrophages after stimulation with Bestatin were the
      prostaglandins E2 and F2a.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6383323
TI  - Chronic bacterial infection models for BRM screening.
AB  - Models of chronic infections have been established to test the therapeutic and
      prophylactic potency of biological response modifiers (BRM). As an example for a
      BRM the immunostimulating drug Bestatin was tested. It is of dipeptide nature and
      was purified from culture supernatants of Streptomyces olivoreticuli. In two
      chronic bacterial infection models, induced by the inoculation of NRMI mice with
      Salmonella typhimurium or with a nephropathogenic strain of Escherichia coli,
      Bestatin acted prophylactically as well as therapeutically. This could be seen
      from the reduction of bacterial organ colonization and the inhibition of organ
      lesion formation. Bestatin could be shown to stimulate macrophage activity and to
      potentiate delayed type hypersensitivity, but not be effective on the humoral
      immune response.

PMID- 6383324
TI  - Tumour models for screening immunomodulators: suppression of tumour growth by
      delayed hypersensitivity reactions.
AB  - The suppression of tumour growth at the site of delayed type hypersensitivity
      (DTH) reactions has been examined with a range of three transplanted rat mammary
      carcinomas of spontaneous origin. Growth of subcutaneous challenge inocula was
      suppressed by addition of BCG organisms, but only in rats pre-sensitized to BCG.
      Purified protein derivative (PPD) was equally effective, but again only in BCG
      pre-immunized rats. The tumour suppressive response could be adoptively
      transferred to untreated rats with BCG-immune lymph node cells. Liposomally
      encapsulated PPD suppressed pulmonary tumour growth in BCG immune rats. These
      findings indicate the feasibility of therapeutic suppression of tumour growth by
      agents eliciting DTH reactions, if these can be selectively targeted to tumour
      sites.

PMID- 6383325
TI  - Use of tritiated nucleotide incorporation for prediction of sensitivity of tumors
      to cytostatic agents.
AB  - Development of a means for prediction of sensitivity or resistance of tumors is
      of paramount importance for future patient specific tumor therapy. A simple,
      easily performed short-term in vitro test is described whose basic feature is
      measurement of changes in incorporation of radioactive nucleic acid precursors
      into tumor cells after addition of cytostatic agents. In order to determine
      whether acquired resistance is detectable by means of this in vitro short-term
      test, resistant animal tumor cell lines were developed to different cytostatic
      agents. This developed resistance was detectable in the in vitro test system. It
      was observed that the short-term test could demonstrate cross-resistance, and
      also development and reversibility of resistance to cytostatics. Further, it is
      possible to assess the role of proliferative activity of tumors. In a clinical
      study patients with inoperable ovarian and lung carcinomas (n = 49) were treated
      by chemotherapy and the results of the treatment compared with the results of the
      in vitro tests. Tumors which show only a weak response in the in vitro test, also
      failed to respond to chemotherapy in the clinic. In a cooperative study -
      conducted by nine different hospitals - results of the short-term test in vitro
      were compared with results of drug therapy in 151 patients. Of these, 76 were
      judged resistant and 75 sensitive in the in vitro test. Of these 76 resistant
      tumors, 56 were clinically progressive (73%), 2 (2%) were in remission and 19
      (25%) showed no change. Whilst in the 75 sensitive tumors 18 (24%) progressed
      clinically, 40 (53%) were in clinical remission and 17 (23%) were unchanged.
      Therefore if only the definite progression or remission evaluations are compared
      with the in vitro results 55 of the 57 tumors which were resistant in the test
      were clinically progressive (96%) and 40 of 58 tumors which were sensitive in the
      test showed clinical remission (69%). There is also good agreement between the in
      vitro test results and survival time. Patients whose tumors were resistant in the
      test generally died sooner than those whose tumors were sensitive. In the studies
      described - as in other investigations - chemoresistance is shown to be more
      successfully predicted than chemosensitivity.

PMID- 6383326
TI  - A modified screening system to select new cytostatic drugs.

PMID- 6383327
TI  - Human malignant melanoma: preclinical and clinical drug evaluation.
AB  - A panel of 17 melanoma xenograft lines was exposed to various DNA reactive
      agents. Growth delay values were calculated from tumor volume responses of
      xenograft bearing mice and correlated with donor patient's response as determined
      by standard clinical criteria. Most donor patients were refractory to dacarbazine
      and received the combination of ifosfamide and cisplatin as secondary treatment.
      Clinical and preclinical responses correlated well for resistance in 26/27
      instances, whereas sensitivity was observed consistently in only 9/12 instances.
      Incomplete cross-resistance among cisplatin, dacarbazine, dibromodulcitol,
      ifosfamide, methyl-CCNU, mitomycin C, and PHM has been observed after sequential
      drug exposures in clinical trials and was confirmed by simultaneous drug
      exposures in this panel of melanoma xenografts. Most xenograft lines revealed
      unique chemosensitivity patterns, which offer a therapeutic potential yet to be
      fully exploited in clinical therapy guided by predictive tests. Macromolecular
      DNA damage was compared in xenograft lines differing at least 100-fold in
      sensitivity to dacarbazine. Removal of DNA damage 24 hours after in vivo
      treatment with dacarbazine paralleled in vivo sensitivity. The preclinical and
      clinical data on responses to various DNA reactive drugs validate the xenograft
      model for therapeutic purposes. The model has found an additional application in
      analysis of the molecular pharmacology of response to in vivo drug treatment.

PMID- 6383328
TI  - The use of immunohistochemical probes in the study of benign and malignant breast
      disease.
AB  - A review is presented of the use of immunohistochemical probes in the study of
      the cellular pathology of the breast. Using a combination of monoclonal and
      polyclonal antisera it has been possible to investigate the relationship between
      myoepithelial cells and basement membrane components in benign breast disease and
      the disturbance of this relationship in early invasive and infiltrating ductal
      carcinomas. The use of immunohistochemical techniques at the ultrastructural
      level provides the methodology for future detailed analyses. The heterogeneous
      expression of antigenic determinants characteristic of epithelial cells in the
      normal breast is considered in conjunction with its relevance to the
      heterogeneity seen in the invasive tumours.

PMID- 6383330
TI  - Present potential of immunotoxins.
AB  - Immuno-a-toxins (I-a-T) are hybrid molecules designed for a more selective
      therapy of cancer, which combine an antibody preferentially directed against
      tumour cells and the A-chain of the toxin ricin. Although a majority of them are
      highly and selectively cytotoxic to their target cells in vitro, only some of
      them gave rise to a therapeutic effect in animal models. In vitro kinetics
      studies suggested the importance of a rapid mode of action for in vivo efficacy,
      which is not the property of all I-a-T. Ways of accelerating and potentiating
      such conjugates are proposed, such as the use of lysosomotropic amines like
      ammonium chloride. Whereas the in vivo use of these activators is still under
      research, their in vitro use gives rise to a 99.99% cytoreduction of leukemic
      cells and thus is directly applicable to clinical situations such as bone marrow
      transplantations.

PMID- 6383329
TI  - Immunoscintigraphy in human squamous lung cancer using monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - We describe immunoscintigraphy using a radiolabelled anti-tumor monoclonal
      antibody 181-23 in 6 patients with squamous lung cancer. Double-label method
      using simultaneous injections of 131I MAB and 125I control immunoglobulin was
      performed to evaluate the specificity of MAB localization in the tumor.
      Immunohistological localization of MAB in resected specimen was obtained by
      immunoperoxidase technique. All our data are negative but correlated.

PMID- 6383331
TI  - Non-accidental injury to children--III. Methodological problems of evaluative
      treatment research.

PMID- 6383332
TI  - A preliminary investigation of cognitive and relaxation treatment of panic
      disorder: effects on intense anxiety vs 'background' anxiety.

PMID- 6383333
TI  - Ontogenesis of bombesin-like immunoreactive cells in the chicken proventriculus.
AB  - The distribution and morphological behaviour of bombesin like immunoreactive
      cells in the proventriculus of chick embryos, newborns and adults were
      investigated by indirect immunoperoxidase procedure. The first immunoreactive
      cells appear around the 11th day of incubation. Initially few, they increase
      progressively to reach a peak around the 18th day. Throughout the embryonic
      period almost all immunoreactive cells are column-shaped, display a typical
      "open" behaviour, and are situated among other superficial lining epithelial
      cells. Around hatching time, these "open" cells suddenly decrease in number while
      another immunoreactive "closed" cell type becomes more evident in a deeper
      location. In newborns and adults, the majority of immunoreactive cells are oval
      shaped and are characteristically situated near the neck of lobular glands; they
      seem to display a "closed" behaviour. The results demonstrate two different kinds
      of peptide-containing cells which probably exert different functions. During the
      embryonic period, in fact, they resemble a chemioreceptor, but in postnatal life
      they appear as a paracrine/endocrine elements.

PMID- 6383334
TI  - Demonstration of lysozyme in primary ovarian tumors using the immunoperoxidase
      technique.
AB  - The presence of lysozyme in ovarian tumors has been detected for the first time
      using the immunoperoxidase technique. A study of the distribution of this enzyme
      in 50 primary ovarian neoplasms revealed its presence exclusively in mucinous and
      mixed (serous-mucinous) cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas. The secretion of
      lysozyme seems to be correlated to the production of strongly acidic mucins.

PMID- 6383336
TI  - Separate and combined use of verapamil, aspirin and captopril in experimental
      chronic pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - In Wistar rats, rendered pulmonary hypertensive by chronic confinement in
      normobaric "hypoxic cages", impairment of transmembrane transport of calcium by
      Verapamil and blockage of the action of Angiotensin I converting enzyme by
      Captopril when applied simultaneously did not show an additive effect in reducing
      the rise of pulmonary artery pressure and decreasing the augmentation of right
      ventricular mass. Similarly, the action of Verapamil together with decrease of
      prostaglandin synthetase activity by Aspirin showed no additive effect. Although
      in this way the results of the present study failed to give substantial support
      to the idea of the existence of several mediators of hypoxic pulmonary
      vasoconstriction, they by no means deny this possibility.

PMID- 6383335
TI  - Glycolysis and glucose oxidation in the rat heart under nonrecirculating
      perfusion conditions.
AB  - Isolated rat hearts were perfused according to Langendorff and as a working heart
      preparation with glucose as the only exogenous substrate under nonrecirculating
      conditions to avoid accumulation of heart metabolites and, thereby, changes in
      the composition of the perfusion medium. In the absence of insulin or at low
      work, oxidation of endogenous substrates as glycogen is of importance for
      myocardial energy metabolism. Accordingly, about 1/3 of the glucose oxidized by
      the heart was derived from myocardial glycogen. Lipolysis of endogenous
      triglycerides and oxidation of the fatty acids produced were, however, low in
      normal rat hearts. By contrast, in the presence of insulin or at high work load
      endogenous substrates play a minor role for energy provision. About 80% of the
      total oxygen consumption could be attributed to the oxidation of exogenous
      glucose. Furthermore, insulin exerted its major effect in accelerating glucose
      uptake and glycolysis, but had little influence on PDH-activity. Insulin
      increased lipolysis in control hearts, however, changes in the endogenous
      triglycerides were less than valves calculated from the rate of lipolysis. Thus,
      glycerol release can be taken as a measure for lipolysis, but not as a measure
      for fatty acid oxidation, since the produced fatty acids were partly reesterified
      to glycerides. On the basis of the metabolic data obtained, the oxygen and energy
      balance was calculated. We conclude that a sufficient energy provision is only
      warranted if the rat heart is perfused either in the presence of insulin or at
      higher--more physiological--work load.

PMID- 6383338
TI  - Respiratory relief therapy. A new treatment procedure for the reduction of
      anxiety.

PMID- 6383337
TI  - The self-control triad. Description and clinical applications.

PMID- 6383339
TI  - Relaxation for the treatment of headache. Controlled evaluation of two group
      programs.

PMID- 6383341
TI  - [Use of cytologic methods in forensic pathology: literature review].

PMID- 6383340
TI  - [ADH detection in human blood cells].

PMID- 6383342
TI  - [Forensic contribution to the reconstruction of a murder crime in Aachen 1734].

PMID- 6383343
TI  - [Surgical stabilization of pathologic fractures].

PMID- 6383344
TI  - Ligand-mediated conformational changes in wheat-germ aspartate transcarbamoylase
      indicated by proteolytic susceptibility.
AB  - Ligand-mediated effects on the inactivation of pure wheat-germ aspartate
      transcarbamoylase by trypsin were examined. Inactivation was apparently first
      order in all cases, and the effects of ligand concentration on the pseudo-first
      order rate constant, k, were studied. Increase in k (labilization) was effected
      by carbamoyl phosphate, phosphate and the putative transition-state analogue, N
      phosphonoacetyl-L-aspartate. Decrease in k (protection) was effected by the end
      product inhibitor, UMP, and by the ligand pairs aspartate/phosphate and
      succinate/carbamoyl phosphate, but not by aspartate or succinate alone up to 10
      mM. Except for protection by the latter ligand pairs, all other ligand-mediated
      effects were also observed on inactivation of the enzyme by Pronase and
      chymotrypsin. Ligand-mediated effects on the fragmentation of the polypeptide
      chain by trypsin were examined electrophoretically. Slight labilization of the
      chain was observed in the presence of carbamoyl phosphate, phosphate and N
      phosphonoacetyl-L-aspartate. An extensive protection by UMP was observed, which
      apparently included all trypsin-sensitive peptide bonds. No significant effect by
      the ligand pair succinate/carbamoyl phosphate was noted. It is concluded from
      these observations that UMP triggers an extensive, probably co-operative,
      transition to a proteinase-resistant conformation, and that carbamoyl phosphate
      similarly triggers a transition to an alternative, proteinase-sensitive,
      conformation. These antagonistic conformational changes may account for the
      regulatory kinetic effects reported elsewhere [Yon (1984) Biochem. J. 221, 281
      287]. The protective effect by the ligand pairs aspartate/phosphate and
      succinate/carbamoyl phosphate, which operates only against trypsin, is concluded
      to be due to local shielding of essential lysine or arginine residues in the
      aspartate-binding pocket of the active site, to which aspartate (or its analogue,
      succinate) can only bind as part of a ternary complex.

PMID- 6383345
TI  - Starvation-induced changes of palmitate metabolism and insulin secretion in
      isolated rat islets stimulated by glucose.
AB  - The influence of 48 h starvation on glucose-induced changes of palmitate
      metabolism and insulin release in isolated rat islets was investigated. (1) Islet
      insulin response to 20 mM-glucose was abolished after 48 h starvation, and it was
      restored by 0.25 mM-2-bromostearate, an inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation. (2)
      The increase in glucose concentration from 3 to 20 mM was accompanied by a 50%
      decrease in the oxidation rate of 0.5 mM-[U-14C]palmitate in control (fed)
      islets, and a concomitant increase (100%) in its incorporation into
      triacylglycerol and phospholipid fractions. (3) Starvation induced a higher basal
      (3 mM-glucose) rate of palmitate oxidation, which was resistant to inhibition by
      20 mM-glucose. The latter also failed to increase palmitate incorporation into
      islet triacylglycerols and phospholipids. (4) 2-Bromostearate (0.25 mM) strongly
      inhibited the high oxidation rate of palmitate in islets of starved rats, and
      allowed a normal stimulation of its incorporation rate into islet lipids by 20mM
      glucose. (5) The results suggest that starvation restricts islet esterification
      of fatty acids by inducing a higher rate of their oxidative degradation that is
      insensitive to regulation by glucose.

PMID- 6383346
TI  - Elastin biosynthesis in chick-embryo arteries. Studies on the intracellular site
      of synthesis of tropoelastin.
AB  - Electrophoretic analyses of the products of cell-free translation of elastin mRNA
      isolated from 17-day chick-embryo thoracic arteries have demonstrated that the
      elastin mRNA codes for polypeptides that are slightly larger than the cellular
      tropoelastin polypeptides synthesized and secreted by matrix-free artery cells.
      Pulse-chase experiments with cells labelled with [3H]proline established that
      newly synthesized tropoelastin polypeptides were associated solely with membrane
      bound particulate fractions. Cell-free translation of membrane-bound and free
      polyribosomes isolated from artery cells revealed that the tropoelastin mRNA was
      associated predominantly with the membrane-bound fraction. When rough-microsomal
      fractions, isolated from cells labelled with [3H]proline for 10 min, were treated
      with proteinases in the presence and in the absence of detergent, the nascent
      tropoelastin polypeptides were shown to be susceptible to proteolysis only when
      the integrity of the membranes was destroyed by detergent treatment. In similar
      experiments tropoelastin polypeptides synthesized by membrane-bound polyribosomes
      in the nuclease-treated reticulocyte lysate were also resistant to the
      proteolytic-enzyme treatment. The results suggest that tropoelastin polypeptides
      are synthesized on membrane-bound polyribosomes and discharged into the lumen of
      the endoplasmic reticulum with co-translational removal of a signal peptide.

PMID- 6383347
TI  - Interactions of calcium and other metal ions with caldolysin, the thermostable
      proteinase from Thermus aquaticus strain T351.
AB  - Caldolysin, the extracellular proteinase from the extreme thermophile Thermus
      aquaticus strain T351, is stabilized by Ca2+. A variety of metal ions were able
      to substitute for Ca2+. Most were unable to confer as much stability as Ca2+,
      with the exception of the lanthanide ions, which increased the half-life at 95
      degrees C from 1 h to more than 4 h. Results from a variety of separation methods
      indicated that caldolysin binds 6 Ca2+ ions/molecule of enzyme. The presence of
      non-linear Ca2+ titration plots, and the removal of 4 Ca2+ ions/molecule by
      treatment with a cationic ion-exchange gel suggested that caldolysin possesses at
      least two different types of Ca2+-binding sites, with different affinities.
      Average binding constants of the two types of binding sites were 2.8 X 10(4)M-1
      (for the low-affinity sites) and 7.5 X 10(5) M-1 (for the high-affinity sites).
      The total Ca2+-binding free energy for caldolysin was shown to be greater than
      for either thermolysin or Bacillus subtilis neutral proteinase. It appears that
      the higher thermostability of caldolysin is due to the presence of 6 Ca2+ ions
      rather than 4 Ca2+ ions/molecule.

PMID- 6383349
TI  - 'Chymopapain S' is chymopapain A.

PMID- 6383350
TI  - Problems of classification of papaya latex proteinases.

PMID- 6383348
TI  - The effects of insulin and glucagon on ketone-body turnover.
AB  - A double-isotope procedure was used to measure the effects of insulin and
      glucagon on ketone-body production and utilization (i.e. turnover) in the starved
      rat. Somatostatin was infused during the experiment to suppress the pancreatic
      release of either hormone. The immediate action of insulin in terms of ketone
      body turnover that was most evident was a decreased production of 3
      hydroxybutyrate, with no significant change in the turnover of acetoacetate.
      Similarly, the significant effect of glucagon infusion was to increase the
      production of 3-hydroxybutyrate, with minimum increase in acetoacetate turnover.
      The data support a direct effect of both hormones on the distribution of acetyl
      units derived from fatty acid beta-oxidation.

PMID- 6383351
TI  - Effects of glucose and glucagon on the fructose 2,6-bisphosphate content of
      pancreatic islets and purified pancreatic B-cells. A comparison with isolated
      hepatocytes.
AB  - Glucose caused a sustained and dose-related increase in the fructose 2,6
      bisphosphate content of isolated pancreatic islets, as well as of purified
      pancreatic B-cells. With isolated B-cells, the glucose saturation curve was
      sigmoidal and superimposable on that obtained with hepatocytes isolated from
      unfed rats. However, the response to glucose was notably faster in purified B
      cells than in isolated hepatocytes. In contrast again with the situation
      prevailing in the liver, glucagon failed to decrease significantly the
      concentration of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in either islets or purified B-cells.
      It is proposed that, in the process of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, an
      early increase in fructose 2,6-bisphosphate formation may, by causing activation
      of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase, allow glycolysis to keep pace with the rate of
      glucose phosphorylation.

PMID- 6383352
TI  - Effects of an adenosine-receptor antagonist on insulin-resistance in soleus
      muscle from obese Zucker rats.
AB  - The decreased sensitivity of glycolysis to insulin seen in isolated soleus
      muscles from genetically obese Zucker rats was abolished by addition of the
      adenosine-receptor antagonist 8-phenyltheophylline to the incubation medium; 8
      phenyltheophylline had no effect on the sensitivity of glycogen synthesis to
      insulin. These findings suggest that changes in the sensitivity of glucose
      utilization by muscles of genetically obese rats may be explained, in part, by a
      modification in either the concentration of adenosine or the affinity of
      adenosine receptors in skeletal muscle.

PMID- 6383354
TI  - Internalization and recycling of insulin receptors in hepatoma cells. Absence of
      regulation by receptor occupancy.
AB  - Insulin receptors of Fao hepatoma cells were labelled with a 125I-labelled
      photoreactive insulin analogue or by surface iodination catalysed by
      lactoperoxidase. Cells were then incubated at 37 degrees C, and the cellular
      localization of the labelled receptors was assessed by limited exposure of intact
      cells to trypsin. The results show that: (1) photolabelled insulin-receptor
      complexes are internalized and recycled in Fao hepatoma cells; (2) the dynamics
      of photolabelled insulin receptors (internalization and recycling) is similar
      before and after down-regulation; (3) the unoccupied receptors labelled by
      surface iodination are internalized and recycled similarly to covalent insulin
      receptor complexes; (4) insulin does not induce internalization of surface
      iodinated insulin receptors. We conclude that internalization and recycling of
      insulin receptors are independent of receptor occupancy by insulin in Fao
      hepatoma cells.

PMID- 6383353
TI  - Free-radical mechanisms in tissue injury.

PMID- 6383355
TI  - Mode of action of a bactericidal protein induced in the haemolymph of Sarcophaga
      peregrina (flesh-fly) larvae.
AB  - The mode of action of a bactericidal protein (sarcotoxin I) purified from the
      haemolymph of Sarcophaga peregrina (flesh-fly) larvae was studied, focusing
      attention on its effect on the function of the membrane of Escherichia coli.
      Sarcotoxin I almost completely blocked the uptakes of tetraphenylphosphonium ion
      and proline, which are known to be driven by a membrane potential, indicating
      that this protein disrupts the membrane potential of bacteria.

PMID- 6383357
TI  - Lactate metabolism in the perfused rat hindlimb.
AB  - A preparation of isolated rat hindleg was perfused with a medium consisting of
      bicarbonate buffer containing Ficoll and fluorocarbon, containing glucose and/or
      lactate. The leg was electrically prestimulated to deplete partially muscle
      glycogen. The glucose was labelled uniformly with 14C and with 3H in positions 2,
      5 or 6, and lactate uniformly with 14C and with 3H in positions 2 or 3. Glucose
      carbon was predominantly recovered in glycogen, and to a lesser extent in
      lactate. The 3H/14C ration in glycogen from [5-3H,U-14C]- and [6-3H,U-14C]
      glucose was the same as in glucose. Nearly all the utilized 3H from [2-3H]glucose
      was recovered as water. Insulin increased glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis 3
      fold. When the muscle was perfused with a medium containing 10 mM-glucose and 2
      mM-lactate, there was little change in lactate concentration. 14C from lactate
      was incorporated into glycogen. There was a marked exponential decrease in
      lactate specific radioactivity, much greater with [3H]- than with [14C]-lactate.
      The 'apparent turnover' of [U-14C]lactate was 0.28 mumol/min per g of muscle, and
      those of [2-3H]- and [3-3H]-lactate were both about 0.7 mumol/min per g. With 10
      mM-lactate as sole substrate, there was a net uptake of lactate, at a rate of
      about 0.15 mumol/min per g, and the apparent turnover of [U-14C]lactate was 0.3
      mumol/min per g. The apparent turnover of [3H]lactate was 3-5 times greater. When
      glycogen synthesis was low (no prestimulation, no insulin), the incorporation of
      lactate carbon into glycogen exceeded that from glucose, but at high rates of
      glycogen deposition the incorporation of lactate carbon was much less than that
      of glucose. Lactate incorporation into glycogen was similar in fast-twitch white
      and fast-twitch red muscle, but was very low in slow-twitch red fibres. We find
      that (a) pyruvate in muscle is incorporated into glycogen without randomization
      of carbon, and synthesis is not inhibited by mercaptopicolinate or cycloserine;
      (b) there is extensive lactate turnover in the absence of net lactate uptake, and
      there is a large dilution of 14C-labelled lactate from endogenous supply; (c)
      there is extensive detritiation of [2-3H]- and [3-3H]-lactate in excess of 14C
      utilization.

PMID- 6383356
TI  - The metabolism of neuropeptides. Both phosphoramidon-sensitive and captopril
      sensitive metallopeptidases are present in the electric organ of Torpedo
      marmorata.
AB  - A membrane fraction from the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata hydrolyses the
      Gly3-Phe4 bond of [D-Ala2, Leu5]enkephalin as well as the Gly-His bond of benzoyl
      Gly-His-Leu. The hydrolysis of benzoyl-Gly-His-Leu is completely inhibitable by
      Captopril (I50 = 19nM), consistent with peptidyl dipeptidase activity, but
      enkephalin hydrolysis is inhibited to a maximum of only 70%. The residual
      activity hydrolysing enkephalin is inhibited by phosphoramidon (I50 = 15nM) and
      therefore resembles endopeptidase-24.11, a mammalian plasma-membrane enzyme
      implicated in the metabolism of neuropeptides. Both enkephalin-hydrolysing
      activities in Torpedo electric organ are inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, like
      their mammalian counterparts. The peptidases may function in the hydrolysis of
      endogenous peptides or in neurotransmitter exocytosis in the electric organ.

PMID- 6383358
TI  - Transport of maltose in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Effect of pH and potassium
      ions.
AB  - The transport of maltose in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been generally accepted
      as a H+-sugar symport, with a stoichiometrical ratio of 1:1. A simultaneous exit
      of K+ from the cells with the initial uptake of maltose has been reported
      previously. By using a K+-selective electrode and radioactive maltose, we were
      able to measure the exit of 1 mol of K+/mol of maltose taken up by the cells in
      the first 10-15 s. This stoichiometrical ratio is pH-independent. So, uptake of
      protons in a non-buffered cell suspension or exit of K+ in a buffered one can be
      used to measure initial rates of maltose uptake. We have used a K+ electrode and
      a pH electrode to study the effect of external pH and K+ respectively on the
      kinetic parameters of maltose transport. The following results were obtained: the
      apparent half-saturation constant for maltose (Km) increased from 5.2 mM at pH
      5.8 to 38.0 mM at pH 7.8; the same increase in pH halved the apparent maximum
      uptake rate (Vmax); K+ had an inhibitory effect, decreasing Vmax. and increasing
      Km at pH values above 5; K+ had a stimulating effect at pH values below or equal
      to 4. Under physiological conditions, i.e. lower pH outside, neutral pH inside
      and much higher [K+] inside the cell, and assuming symmetry of the system, a
      higher affinity for maltose is to be expected in the outer face of the plasma
      membrane. This behaviour of the system could explain, by itself, the maintenance
      of the high concentration of free maltose inside the cell (necessary because of
      the low affinity of the maltase), without significant back transport to the
      outside.

PMID- 6383360
TI  - XIth International Karlsburg Symposium on Problems of Diabetes. September 19-21,
      1983.

PMID- 6383361
TI  - Potential novel methods for insulin administration: I. Iontophoresis.
AB  - It is theoretically feasible to administer an ionized solute transcutaneously
      using an electric current. Attempts by our group to administer conventional,
      regular (soluble) insulin to human volunteers by iontophoretic methods failed,
      probably because such insulin is only weakly ionized and much of it is present in
      the polymeric form. Animal experiments with pigs defined patterns of portal and
      systemic insulin concentrations for native insulin secretion, intraperitoneal
      injection of insulin, and peripheral (intramuscular) injection of insulin. Using
      a more strongly ionized and predominantly monomeric form of insulin,
      transcutaneous administration of this hormone by iontophoresis was demonstrated
      in an experimental animal.

PMID- 6383362
TI  - Potential novel methods for insulin administration: II. Self-regulating internal
      drug delivery systems.
AB  - Several glycosylated insulins were synthesized and their binding constants to a
      lectin, Concanavalin A (Con A), as compared to that of glucose, were assessed.
      When Con A-glycosylated insulins were placed in fluids containing different
      concentrations of glucose, competitive displacement of glycosylated insulin
      occurred to a degree dependent upon the ambient concentration of glucose. As
      these glycosylated insulins possess a biological activity (80% of that of
      standard soluble insulin) such results demonstrate the beginnings of a "chemical"
      artificial beta cell.

PMID- 6383363
TI  - Estimation of individually adapted control parameters for an artificial beta
      cell.
AB  - For optimum long-term glycemic regulation using a miniaturized artificial beta
      cell it is indispensible to estimate control parameters suited to the individual
      requirements of each diabetic patient. To solve this problem, a strategy has been
      developed which is based on engineering optimum-control theory with a model
      involving glucose and insulin interactions. The model considers physiologically
      relevant unit processes like endogenous glucose production, insulin-independent
      glucose uptake from its apparent distribution space, insulin-dependent glucose
      utilization, glucose-dependent insulin supply, and insulin catabolism. The
      assumed model structure is validated by results obtained in experimentally
      diabetic dogs using partition analysis. The individual parameter values of the
      model are obtained by a digital computer procedure based on a simple test which
      involves a bolus injection of glucose + insulin when a constant basal insulin
      dose is being administered in the diabetic in whom normoglycemia was re
      established before the test. The method presented is recommended for future use
      in all cases where an optimized insulin regimen is to be worked out.

PMID- 6383364
TI  - Modelling the glucose-insulin system as a basis for the artificial beta cell.
AB  - The control constants for glucose-dependent insulin dosage in diabetic dogs were
      determined from test results in the opened system on the basis of a global blood
      glucose plasma-insulin control model. The controlled plant of the model consisted
      of the glucose and insulin subsystems; the entire insulin providing process was
      considered to be the controlling element, and the glucose-dependent insulin dose
      estimation, the controller. The constants obtained were employed in the
      extracorporeal artificial beta cell. The structure of the model and the numerical
      values of its state variables were verified by the prediction of blood glucose
      responses to intravenous glucose loads and by the correspondence between glucose
      balances and insulin doses as calculates and those as observed in diabetic
      animals. The application of the optimum control constant estimates in feedback
      controlled insulin infusions provides improved blood glucose patterns but
      unchanged needs for insulin in comparison to the application of standard control
      parameters.

PMID- 6383359
TI  - Nucleotide sequence encoding the flavoprotein and hydrophobic subunits of the
      succinate dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of a 3614 base-pair segment of DNA containing the sdhA
      gene, encoding the flavoprotein subunit of succinate dehydrogenase of Escherichia
      coli, and two genes sdhC and sdhD, encoding small hydrophobic subunits, has been
      determined. Together with the iron-sulphur protein gene (sdhB) these genes form
      an operon (sdhCDAB) situated between the citrate synthase gene (gltA) and the 2
      oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex genes (sucAB): gltA-sdhCDAB-sucAB.
      Transcription of the gltA and sdhCDAB gene appears to diverge from a single
      intergenic region that contains two pairs of potential promoter sequences and two
      putative CRP (cyclic AMP receptor protein)-binding sites. The sdhA structural
      gene comprises 1761 base-pairs (587 codons, excluding the initiation codon, AUG)
      and it encodes a polypeptide of Mr 64268 that is strikingly homologous with the
      flavoprotein subunit of fumarate reductase (frdA gene product). The FAD-binding
      region, including the histidine residue at the FAD-attachment site, has been
      identified by its homology with other flavoproteins and with the flavopeptide of
      the bovine heart mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase. Potential active-site
      cysteine and histidine residues have also been indicated by the comparisons. The
      sdhC (384 base-pairs) and sdhD (342 base-pairs) structural genes encode two
      strongly hydrophobic proteins of Mr 14167 and 12792 respectively. These proteins
      resemble in size and composition, but not sequence, the membrane anchor proteins
      of fumarate reductase (the frdC and frdD gene products).

PMID- 6383365
TI  - Immunological events in new onset diabetes.
AB  - Data from our laboratory are reviewed showing that both cell-mediated
      cytotoxicity, complement-dependent antibody-mediated cytotoxicity, antibody
      dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and complement-augmented antibody-dependent
      cellular cytotoxicity may provide mechanisms which kill pancreatic islets during
      pathogenesis of insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes. Xenogenic test systems
      employing dispersed rat islet target cells were employed. Most of the findings
      were reversible during clinical remission of diabetes.

PMID- 6383366
TI  - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of mononuclear cells against
      Langerhans islets of Wistar rats in normal man and in patients at diabetes risk.
AB  - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against pancreatic islets was
      investigated in 13 newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetics, in 38 patients at
      high risk for the disease and in 20 age-matched healthy controls. For this
      purpose 51Cr-labeled neonatal rat pancreatic islets incubated with the specific
      anti-rat islet cell antiserum 339 or with serum of the lymphocyte donors were
      used as targets. The antibody-mediated cytotoxic activity of mononuclear cells
      was evaluated from the specific chromium release after 6 h exposure of pretreated
      islets to the effector cells. The specific cytotoxic effect of mononuclear cells
      from healthy controls on pancreatic islets pretreated with serum is weak. ADCC
      mediated by the specific antirat islet cell antiserum is significantly increased
      in 54% of newly diagnosed diabetics as well as in 32% of patients at high risk
      for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 46% of the newly diagnosed diabetics
      were also ADCC-positive when their own serum was used for the pretreatment of
      islets, regardless of whether they were islet cell antibody- or islet cell
      surface antibody positive or not. Subsets of mononuclear cells (non E-rosette
      forming cells, high affinity E-rosette-forming cells, low affinity E-rosette
      forming cells) were prepared and their cytotoxic potential was analysed in
      patients with positive ADCC test results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6383367
TI  - Cellular immune reactions against rat pancreatic islets mediated by antibodies
      from type I diabetic patients.
AB  - Serum samples from 13 newly diagnosed type I diabetics were tested for their
      ability to mediate antibody-dependent cellular immune reactions against
      pancreatic islets prepared from Wistar/Jena K rats. Nine of these serum samples
      proved able to mediate islet cell damage when the islets were preincubated with
      sera and then cultivated with leukocytes of healthy subjects for 20 h. Damage to
      islets was demonstrated both by the trypan-blue exclusion test and by measurement
      of insulin leakage during incubation. The data presented point to a possible
      pathogenetic role of antibodies mediating cellular immune reactions in type I
      diabetes.

PMID- 6383368
TI  - Complement-mediated cytotoxic effects of islet cell surface antibodies: factors
      influencing the sensitivity of the target cells.
AB  - Sera from 26 out of 34 newly diagnosed type I diabetic patients were cytotoxic to
      the beta cells of isolated rat pancreatic islet. The severity of beta cell lysis
      by cytotoxic sera was increased when the islets were preincubated for 20 h with
      clofibrate, actinomycin D, or tolbutamide. Preincubation of isolated islets with
      elevated glucose concentration decreased the sensitivity of the beta cells to
      humoral immune attack whereas glibenclamide had no effect. The sensitivity of
      target cells to complement-mediated cytotoxicity seems to be related to cellular
      lipid synthesis.

PMID- 6383369
TI  - Simultaneous biochemical and morphological investigations on the effect of
      leukocytes from type I diabetics on isolated rat islets.
AB  - The first morphological and biochemical findings on the effect of leukocytes from
      a newly diagnosed type I diabetic patient on isolated rat islets are presented.
      Leukocytes from venous blood were co-incubated with isolated neonatal rat islets
      for 22 h. According to the biochemical and electron-microscopical findings, beta
      cells localized in the periphery of the islets and a few single beta cells show
      lytic alterations (single cell necroses). The electron micrographs suggest that
      the beta cells were lysed after contact with lymphocytes or lymphoid cells from
      the diabetic patient (target cell reaction). The simultaneous biochemical and
      morphological investigations reveal that after beta cell lysis, insulin released
      in a granular state can be phagocytosed by granulocytes and thus escape the
      estimation of insulin concentration in the medium.

PMID- 6383370
TI  - Islet cell cytoplasmic and surface antibodies' prevalence and beta cell
      specificity of islet cell surface antibodies in some subjects with putative islet
      cell autoimmunity.
AB  - In human sera two methods of islet cell cytoplasmic antibody (ICA) detection (on
      Bouin-fixed or cryostate sections of human pancreas) and the islet cell surface
      antibody (ICSA) method on isolated rat islet cells were compared. The ICA
      detection on Bouin-fixed sections was more sensitive than that on cryostate
      sections. In two groups of subjects with putative islet cell autoimmunity ICA
      prevalence was higher than ICSA prevalence. However, a weak correlation between
      both types of antibodies was established. In one group of healthy subjects with
      cytotoxic serum against rat beta cells a high prevalence of ICSA was found,
      whereas none of them had ICA. Defined on the basis of a positive
      immunofluorescence on rat islet cells, ICSA positive sera of newly diagnosed IDDM
      patients reacted to a significantly higher percentage with beta cells than did
      normal controls. In conclusion, of all methods compared ICA detection on Bouin
      fixed pancreas sections seems to be the most suitable method for the detection of
      an islet cell autoimmunity.

PMID- 6383371
TI  - Glucagon antibodies alter Langerhans' islets.
AB  - The passive transfer of rabbit anti-glucagon antibodies into mice induces
      periinsular and intrainsular inflammation and hyperplasia of alpha cells. Active
      immunization of rabbits with heterologous glucagon induces alpha cell
      hyperplasia.

PMID- 6383372
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to human insulin and their antigen binding behaviour.
AB  - Mouse monoclonal antibodies were raised against human insulin by somatic cell
      hybridization using the mouse myeloma line P3-X63-Ag8. Five cell lines were grown
      as ascites producing tumors. Insulin binding data were determined from six
      monoclonal antibodies by Scatchard analysis. Each anti-insulin hybridoma antibody
      gave a straight-line Scatchard plot confirming the homogeneity of their binding
      sites and their monoclonality. The equilibrium dissociation constants ranged from
      2.20 X 10(-8) to 4.48 X 10(-10) mol/l. We could demonstrate positive as well as
      negative cooperativity of monoclonal insulin antibodies by performing insulin
      binding studies with defined mixtures of two different anti-insulin hybridoma
      antibodies.

PMID- 6383373
TI  - Study of the carbohydrate part of yeast acid phosphatase.
AB  - It has been found that the carbohydrate part of acid phosphatase from yeast
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae consists of 16 N-glycosidically linked carbohydrate
      chains containing from 14 to about 150 mannose units. The presence of very small
      amounts of O-glycosidically linked chains was indicated. Acetolysis studies
      pointed to a high similarity in the structure of acid phosphatase and mannan
      carbohydrate chains. A new method is described for cross-linking of acid
      phosphatase specifically via carbohydrate chains. The possibility to cross-link
      the enzyme subunits intramolecularly is in accordance with the suggestion that
      carbohydrate chains play a role in subunit associations.

PMID- 6383374
TI  - Insulin-stimulating peptide from tryptic digest of bovine serum albumin.
AB  - Insulin-stimulating peptide was isolated from a tryptic digest of bovine serum
      albumin by gel permeation, SP Sephadex column chromatography, reversed phase HPLC
      and cation-exchange HPLC. This peptide, with a molecular weight of about 8,400,
      had no insulin-like activity by itself, but enhanced fatty acid synthesis from
      glucose in rat adipose tissue explants in the presence of suboptimal
      concentrations of insulin. It also stimulated the effect of insulin on CO2
      production from glucose in rat adipocytes, without affecting insulin binding.
      These stimulations were dose-dependent and were observed at concentrations of
      more than 2 X 10(-7) M peptide only in the presence of a suboptimal concentration
      of insulin.

PMID- 6383375
TI  - Evidence for repetitive structure of the large acyl-carrier protein subunit of
      Escherichia coli citrate lyase.
AB  - The amino acid composition of the unusually large acyl-carrier protein subunit of
      citrate lyase from Escherichia coli is characteristic of a protein with a highly
      repetitive structure. Peptide mapping studies provide further evidence of
      repetitive sequences within the subunit. Only a single Pauly-positive spot is
      detected in the tryptic peptide map although the subunit contains 8 histidine
      residues. The 4 prosthetic groups covalently bound to the subunit are recovered
      in a single tryptic fragment in almost quantitative yield. These structural
      features of the large acyl-carrier protein subunit probably reflect internal gene
      duplications.

PMID- 6383376
TI  - L-proline is an essential amino acid for hepatocyte growth in culture.
AB  - For improvement of the culture conditions of adult rat hepatocytes in primary
      culture in collagen coated dishes, effects of various commercial culture media on
      the induction of replicative DNA synthesis of the cells stimulated by insulin
      plus epidermal growth factor were studied. Proline-deficient media, such as
      Leibovitz's L-15, Eagle's minimal essential medium and Dulbecco's modified
      minimal essential medium, did not induce DNA synthesis in hepatocytes, whereas
      proline-rich media, such as Williams medium E, McCoy's 5A and Ham's F-12, induced
      markedly hepatocyte proliferation. Moreover, when the proline-deficient media
      were supplemented with L-proline, the cells synthesized DNA in response to the
      two hormones. Cis-4-hydroxyl-L-proline strongly inhibited the induction of DNA
      synthesis, without affecting protein synthesis of the cells or showing any
      cytotoxicity. This inhibition was recovered completely by adding excess proline
      to the medium. Addition of other amino acids not present in the medium did not
      promote DNA synthesis. These findings indicate that L-proline is essential for
      induction of hepatocyte proliferation in culture, through its affect on synthesis
      of intracellular collagen.

PMID- 6383377
TI  - E. coli aspartokinase II-homoserine dehydrogenase II polypeptide chain has a
      triglobular structure.
AB  - E.coli aspartokinase II-homoserine dehydrogenase II is, as aspartokinase I
      homoserine dehydrogenase I, composed of three globular domains: the N-terminal
      domain is endowed with kinase activity; the C-terminal domain carries the
      dehydrogenase activity. These two parts of the polypeptide chain are separated by
      a central inactive domain. Thus, the polypeptide chains of the two
      multifunctional proteins are homologous not only in their sequence but also in
      their triglobular domain structure.

PMID- 6383378
TI  - Cytochrome P-450 inducibility by ethanol and 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation in
      S. cerevisiae.
AB  - The level of cytochrome P-450 and some enzymatic activity cytochrome P-450
      dependent in a diploid strain (D7) of S. cerevisiae are affected by the substrate
      supporting growth and its concentration and, in particular, by the growth phase
      of the culture. For these reasons we tested the hypothesis that the induction of
      the monooxygenase system in the D7 strain when grown in high concentration of
      glucose depended on one product of glycolysis, ethanol. There was a strict
      correlation between the level of cytochrome P-450 and the ethanol concentration.
      Moreover we developed a sensitive test measuring the ethoxycoumarin O
      deethylation in order to detect the enzymatic activity cytochrome P-450 dependent
      in whole yeast cells, in different growth conditions.

PMID- 6383379
TI  - Stimulation of prostacyclin synthesis by thromboxane A2-like prostaglandin
      endoperoxide analogues in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells.
AB  - In this study, the ability of two chemically stable thromboxane A2-like PG
      endoperoxide analogues, 15S-hydroxy-9 alpha,11 alpha-(epoxymethano)-prosta-5Z,13E
      dienoic acid and 15S-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)-prosta-5Z,13E
      dienoic acid, to stimulate PGI2 synthesis by cultured vascular smooth muscle
      cells isolated from rat superior mesenteric arteries was evaluated. The
      aforementioned analogues, at concentrations of 0.1 to 10 micrograms/ml,
      stimulated PGI2 synthesis by 1.5 to 3 fold over basal synthesis. Evoked PGI2
      synthesis was essentially over within 2 to 3 min of incubation, similar to
      previous findings made in vascular smooth muscle cells incubated with peptide
      hormones, vasopressin and angiotensin II. The PG-stimulatory activity of 15S
      hydroxy-9 alpha,11 alpha-(epoxymethano)-prosta-5Z-13E-dienoic acid appeared to be
      receptor-mediated inasmuch as it was completely inhibited by (+/-)5-endo-(6'
      carboxyhex-2'Z-enyl)-6-exo-[1''-[N- (phenylthiocarbamoyl)-hydrazono]-ethyl]
      bicyclo[2,2,1] heptane, a novel antagonist of PG endoperoxide analogue-provoked
      smooth muscle contraction and platelet aggregation. The results suggest that
      thromboxane A2 and/or PG endoperoxide may stimulate PGI2 synthesis in vascular
      smooth muscle by a direct, receptor-mediated, interaction.

PMID- 6383380
TI  - Comparison of repair of methylated pyrimidines in poly(dT) by extracts from rat
      liver and Escherichia coli.
AB  - Partially purified preparations of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase from rat
      liver and E. coli were tested for their ability to repair O4-methylthymine in a
      methylated poly(dT) X poly(dA) substrate. The bacterial preparation readily
      carried out this reaction, but no loss of O4-methylthymine was obtained with the
      rat liver protein. These results indicate a significant difference in specificity
      between the mammalian and bacterial proteins which could have important
      consequences for carcinogenesis and mutagenesis by alkylating agents in mammalian
      cells.

PMID- 6383381
TI  - Production of an insulin-like growth factor by osteosarcoma.
AB  - To test the possibility that osteosarcoma cells produce their own growth factors,
      we measured levels of insulin and somatomedin C (SMC), an insulin-like growth
      factor, in culture media of two cell lines derived from patients with that
      disease. SMC but not insulin levels increased three- to ten-fold over a period of
      7 days paralleling the increases in cell number. Production of SMC was inhibited
      by cycloheximide.

PMID- 6383384
TI  - Interaction of purified rat liver glucocorticoid-receptor complexes with
      polynucleotides: strong base composition dependence.
AB  - The binding of 10(3)-fold purified rat liver glucocorticoid receptors to natural
      and synthetic polynucleotides has been studied. The receptors may bind to RNA as
      well as to DNA. The binding effectiveness of nucleic acids is strongly base
      composition dependent, with natural DNAs (double-stranded or denatured) greater
      than E. coli rRNA greater than poly(dA).poly(dT) greater than or equal to poly
      d(A,T,G)7 greater than or equal to poly(U) greater than poly(A).poly(U) greater
      than poly(A) approximately poly(C). The equilibrium (apparent) constants of
      receptor binding to a number of polynucleotides were calculated by a method
      proposed.

PMID- 6383386
TI  - Transport of purine, pyrimidine bases and nucleosides in Candida albicans, a
      pathogenic yeast.
AB  - Saturable, carrier mediated transport mechanism of adenine, guanine, thymine,
      uracil, adenosine, inosine, thymidine and uridine has been characterized in
      Candida albicans cells. Analysis of intracellular contents at short and long time
      intervals and kinetic data revealed that the uptake of all these bases and their
      nucleosides is independent of phosphoribosyltransferases and phosphorylases and
      their metabolic conversion starts only after an initial lag of 1-2 minutes. On
      the basis of competition experiments, different common and specific transport
      systems have also been identified.

PMID- 6383383
TI  - Isolation buffer calcium concentration and subsequent acute effects of insulin on
      metabolism of perfused rat liver.
AB  - During the surgical isolation for subsequent perfusion in situ with blood
      containing 1.3 mM Ca, livers from fed male rats were perfused with buffer
      containing 1.3 or 3.6 mM Ca. Total liver Ca was unaffected by buffer
      concentration and did not differ from non-perfused controls. In all groups a
      negative relationship was found between serum Ca and K+ concentrations and serum
      K+ was depressed by insulin and high buffer Ca while serum Ca was raised by the
      latter. Blood glucose was raised by isolation at high buffer Ca but was lowered
      by insulin with an increase in liver glycogen in both groups. Ketogenesis was
      unaffected by buffer Ca and was inhibited by insulin. The hormone raised serum
      triacylglycerol secretion and liver triacylglycerols in both groups, but the
      latter increase was abolished at the higher buffer Ca concentration. This effect
      on liver triacylglycerols may be related to the rise in microsomal Ca-ATPase
      activity found in these livers. We conclude that use of high concentrations of Ca
      in the isolation buffer, which may maintain hormone sensitivity in isolated
      hepatocytes, is not advantageous to the subsequent perfusion of the isolated
      liver with undiluted blood.

PMID- 6383385
TI  - Hydroxyurea inhibits also the syntheses of thymine nucleotides and methionine in
      the cells of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Hydroxyurea not only inhibited the reduction of ribonucleotides, but also gave
      rise to need of exogenous methionine and thymidine for full growth in the
      cultures of Escherichia coli K12. In vitro the drug inhibited the formation of
      5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate by serine hydroxymethyltransferase in the cell
      extracts, which suggests that this reaction is a secondary target of hydroxyurea
      in the cells of E. coli. The syntheses of thymine nucleotides and methionine were
      also the most sensitive targets of hydroxylamine in the cultures of E. coli.

PMID- 6383387
TI  - Amino acid transport: its role in cell division and growth of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae cells.
AB  - The transport of six amino acids was studied in exponentially growing and G1
      arrested temperature sensitive mutants of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The
      uptake of three amino acids viz. Gly, Ala and Val was selectively reduced in G1
      arrested cells. The reduction in transport was only noticeable when cdc 28 mutant
      cells were arrested at their non-permissive temperature. Cdc 28 is known to
      arrest at the point of commitment to the cell cycle 'start'. The uptake, however,
      was unaffected in G1 arrested cdc 4 and cdc 7 cells. The wild type cells (A364A)
      when arrested at stationary phase, also demonstrated the reduction in the uptake
      of Ala and Val. It appears that amino acid transport may be involved in growth
      and cell division of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

PMID- 6383390
TI  - Sialoglycolipids in Trypanosoma cruzi.
AB  - Mild oxidation of epimastigote forms of T.cruzi followed by sodium borotritide
      reduction incorporates radioactivity into glycolipid fractions. Column
      chromatography on silica gel of the chloroform:methanol (2:1) extract separated
      two main peaks of radioactivity. Treatment with neuraminidase released 30% and
      18% of the radioactivity, respectively. Paper chromatography showed peaks of
      radioactivity with relative migration to NANA7 of 1.33 in fraction A and 1.33 and
      1.51 in fraction B. When unlabeled cells were submitted to a Folch extraction,
      thin layer chromatography of the upper phase showed at least two components
      detected with the resorcinol-copper reagent. Enzymatic and mild acid hydrolysis
      released a sialic acid with a migration relative to NANA of 1.22. These results
      suggest that a substituted sialic acid is present in glycolipids of the
      epimastigote form of T.cruzi.

PMID- 6383389
TI  - In vitro and in vivo studies of Trypanosoma cruzi DNA polymerase.
AB  - One major DNA polymerase has been purified and characterized from Trypanosoma
      cruzi. The enzyme has a sedimentation coefficient of 6.8 S corresponding to an
      approximate molecular weight of 180,000 assuming a globular shape. The enzyme
      recognizes activated DNA very efficiently, as well as synthetic
      polydeoxynucleotides, whereas poly rA-dT12 is very poorly utilized. Trypanosoma
      cruzi DNA polymerase is not inhibited at all by aphidicolin, while araCTP
      inhibits the enzyme very slightly. The purified enzyme is strongly inhibited by N
      ethyl maleimide, dideoxyTTP, ethidium bromide and berenil. All our attempts to
      find a DNA polymerase sensitive to aphidicolin in vitro have failed, nor have we
      been able to find a low molecular weight DNA polymerase in this organism.
      However, when DNA synthesis was studied in whole trypanosomes, aphidicolin was
      shown to inhibit DNA synthesis more efficiently than ethidium bromide and
      berenil.

PMID- 6383388
TI  - Effect of the oral hypoglycemic agent pirogliride (McN-3495) on glycogen levels
      of normal and diabetic rats.
AB  - Pirogliride, a new oral hypoglycemic agent unrelated structurally or
      mechanistically to either the sulfonylureas or biguanides, produced a dose
      dependent increase in liver but not muscle glycogen levels of fasted non-diabetic
      rats and produced at 100 mg/kg, p.o. a modest increase in liver but not
      gastrocnemius muscle glycogen of fasted streptozotocin diabetic rats. This liver
      glycogenic effect of pirogliride was similar to that obtained using insulin but
      differed from the decrease of liver glycogen levels which occurred following
      acute phenformin treatment.

PMID- 6383391
TI  - A new plot for multiple enzyme inhibition.
AB  - A new graphical method is described for analyzing the results of multiple
      inhibition experiments. It is applicable to either single- or multi-substrate
      enzyme systems obeying Michaelis-Menten kinetics and is valid irrespective of the
      type of inhibition (competitive, noncompetitive, uncompetitive, mixed). According
      to this method, mutually exclusive inhibitor binding gives rise to lines that
      converge on the vertical axis, whereas mutually nonexclusive inhibitors yield
      lines that intersect to the left of the vertical axis. It has been pointed out
      that the inhibitor interaction factor can be determined directly from multiple
      inhibition experiments only if at least one of the inhibitors is noncompetitive.
      When this is the case, the present plot provides a very simple way of determining
      the inhibitor interaction factor from the coordinates of the intersection point.

PMID- 6383392
TI  - Different effects of D-glucose anomers on enhanced motility of the stomach.
AB  - The injection of alpha, beta, or equilibrated (alpha: 36%, beta: 64%) D-glucose
      solution into the cranial side of carotid artery decreased gastric pressure
      caused by insulin in rats with bilateral adrenalectomy. This effect was not
      reproduced after vagotomy at the cervical level. The effect of beta-D-glucose was
      more rapid and potent than that of alpha-D-glucose. The injection of isotonic
      NaCl solution, however, produced no change in pressure.

PMID- 6383393
TI  - Effect of Ca2+ on conformation of actin in the F-actin--heavy meromyosin complex.
AB  - The polarized fluorescence of intrinsic tryptophan residues and the birefringence
      of ghost muscle fibres of rabbit were measured during thin filaments binding to
      heavy meromyosin containing 5,5'-dithiobis [2-nitrobenzoic acid] light chains and
      to those devoid of them with a view of investigating conformational changes in F
      actin. Ca2+ binding to heavy meromyosin containing 5,5'-dithiobis [2-nitrobenzoic
      acid] light chains was shown to affect the character of these changes during the
      formation of the F-actin - heavy meromyosin complex.

PMID- 6383382
TI  - The mode of action of zaluzanin C, an inhibitor of translation in eukaryotes.
AB  - Zaluzanin C, a substance extracted from several species of the genus Zaluzania
      (Compositae), has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis in intact HeLa cells
      preferentially to DNA and RNA synthesis. "In vitro" protein synthesis was also
      blocked by zaluzanin C and the study of the effects of the drug on resolved model
      systems indicates that it inhibits enzymic translocation of peptidyl-tRNA
      specifically.

PMID- 6383394
TI  - Metabolism of [U-14C, 2-3H] glucose in rat liver during non-recirculating
      perfusion: effects of insulin.
AB  - Livers from fed male rats were perfused in a non-recirculating manner with
      undiluted blood containing either 6 or 13 mM [U-14C,2-3H] glucose. At the lower
      concentration there was a small output of glucose which was unaffected by insulin
      whereas at the high concentration there was a substantial uptake of glucose which
      was significantly increased by the hormone. The rate of metabolism of [2-3H]
      glucose was greater than that of [U-14C] glucose in all experiments indicating an
      active substrate cycle between glucose:glucose 6-phosphate. Cycling was
      unaffected by insulin at the lower glucose concentration but was increased by
      perfusion with 13 mM glucose, the latter increase being abolished by insulin.
      These data show that although the perfused liver acts to autoregulate blood
      glucose, this is not achieved solely at the substrate cycle glucose:glucose 6
      phosphate.

PMID- 6383395
TI  - Yeast mitochondrial inner membrane 30 kd hydrophobic protein: properties and
      interaction with phospholipids.
AB  - A 30 kd hydrophobic protein is extracted from yeast mitochondrial inner membrane.
      It is present in wild yeast strains but absent in mitochondrial DNA lacking
      mutants. The isoelectric point of the protein and its solubility in various
      organic solvents are determined. The fluorescence of a tryptophan residue near
      the surface of the 30 kd protein dissolved in butanol-1, can be quenched by
      phospholipids containing unsaturated fatty acids. Results are in accordance with
      the 30 kd protein being an integral protein of the yeast mitochondrial inner
      membrane.

PMID- 6383396
TI  - Codon-anticodon interaction at the ribosomal P site improves the accuracy of the
      decoding process.
AB  - The competing incorporation of [14C]Phe (cognate) and [3H]Leu (miscognate) into
      polypeptide material was measured. Kinetic analysis revealed that at the very
      beginning of protein synthesis the error fraction was 3 to 10 times larger than
      the "system-inherent" error, which is the error fraction found on the synthesized
      proteins. However, if a cognate tRNA, namely either deacylated tRNAPhe or AcPhe
      tRNAPhe were prebound to the ribosomal P site, no enhanced error fraction was
      observed at the beginning. Furthermore, the initial rate of protein synthesis was
      increased by a factor of 10 to 50, regardless as to whether the ribosomes were
      precharged with tRNAPhe or AcPhe-tRNAPhe. In contrast, preincubation of ribosomes
      with non-cognate tRNA such as deacylated tRNALys had no effect. We conclude that
      codon-anticodon interaction at the P site facilitates the precise exposure of the
      adjacent codon at the ribosomal A site, thus contributing to the velocity and
      precision of the decoding process.

PMID- 6383397
TI  - Computed spatial homology between the L12 protein of chloroplast ribosome and 1.7
      A structure of Escherichia coli L12 domain.
AB  - A computer-graphic model of the tertiary structure of a functional domain in an
      organelle ribosomal protein was generated using the amino acid sequence of
      chloroplast ribosomal protein L12 from spinach (Bartsch, Kimura and Subramanian,
      Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79, 6871-6875, 1982) and 1.7 A resolution coordinates
      of the E. coli L12 C-terminal fragment crystal (Leijonmarck, Eriksson and Liljas,
      Nature 286, 824-826, 1980). A comparison between the model and the experimentally
      derived structure shows that although 40% of the primary structure of this part
      of the two proteins has undergone amino acid replacements, the gross spatial
      structure of the domain is maintained and the character of the surfaces of
      possible functional importance are not significantly altered.

PMID- 6383399
TI  - Ammonia-activated sea urchin egg chromatin-bound proteolytic activity.
AB  - Chromatin from ammonia activated sea urchin eggs contains a proteolytic activity
      capable of hydrolyzing urea denatured casein at pH 8.0. The soluble fraction,
      obtained by treatment of chromatin with 0.7 M NaCl, presents a proteolytic
      activity which is about 16 times higher than that of the corresponding fraction
      from unfertilized eggs. Moreover, the SDS-PAGE profile of the soluble fraction
      from the ammonia activated eggs presents a greater number of bands and exhibits
      two groups of non histone proteins migrating near histone H1. The soluble
      proteolytic activity selectively digests certain non histone proteins of high and
      low molecular weight and histone H1 from the same fraction. Digestion products
      are formed. The effects of PMSF, sodium bisulfite and NaCl suggest the presence
      of more than one proteolytic activity in the soluble fraction from activated
      eggs. Our results sport the regulatory role of this enzyme activity based on the
      selective degradation of chromatin proteins.

PMID- 6383400
TI  - Phospholipid methylation in pancreatic islets.
AB  - Glucose provokes a transient stimulation of phospholipid methylation in rat
      pancreatic islets, possibly by increasing phospholipid methyltransferase
      activity. The association of DL-homocysteine and 3-deazaadenosine inhibits
      phospholipid methylation. The methylation of phospholipids may play a role in the
      stimulus-secretion coupling for glucose-induced insulin release.

PMID- 6383401
TI  - Limited proteolysis of D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase: relationships
      between phospholipid-protein interactions and catalytical activity.
AB  - Different forms of D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase were submitted to various
      proteases in order to get information on enzyme molecular structure and on
      phospholipid -enzyme interaction. Except for leucinaminopeptidase, all proteases
      tested inactivated the phospholipid-free enzyme, while no inactivation was
      observed with the lecithin-enzyme complex. However, non-reactivating phospholipid
      gave very poor protection against proteases. After endopeptidase treatment, a new
      band of 25,000 Mr appeared instead of the 32,000 Mr band (apodehydrogenase).
      Surprisingly, the so-called protected form of the enzyme (lecithin-complex) was
      also proteolysed while still enzymatically active. Carboxypeptidase A inactivated
      quite thoroughly the enzyme although the 32,000 Mr band appeared unaffected.
      These results demonstrate that the configuration of the phospholipid-free
      apodehydrogenase is quite vulnerable to most proteases, in contrast to the
      configuration of the lecithin-complexed enzyme. The N-terminal end is probably
      blocked while the C-terminal end looks quite important for enzymatic activity.

PMID- 6383398
TI  - Fractionation of DNA with Sephacryl S-1000.
AB  - In this study the application of gel filtration for purification of heterogeneous
      DNA is described. The fractionation of partial restriction enzyme digests of
      bacterial chromosomal DNA on a Sephacryl S-1000 -column is easy and rapid.
      Simultaneously intact chromosomal DNA and low molecular weight substances are
      eliminated in the run. The method is also applicable to the purification of
      plasmid DNA, as has been previously reported (3). Thus we are able to get pure
      DNA with yields over 80%.

PMID- 6383402
TI  - The use of calcium uptake by small amounts of mitochondria from pancreatic islets
      to study mitochondrial respiration: the effects of diazoxide and sodium.
AB  - The net uptake of 45Ca into mitochondria from pancreatic islets is stimulated by
      substrates that transfer reducing equivalents to various sites of the respiratory
      chain, such as succinate or glycerol 3-phosphate (site II), malate plus pyruvate
      (site I) or ascorbate plus TMPD (site III). Diazoxide, a known inhibitor of
      insulin release in vivo and in vitro, strongly inhibited net 45Ca uptake
      supported by glycerol phosphate and succinate and weakly inhibited 45Ca uptake
      supported by the other substrates. These results suggest that diazoxide, although
      not completely specific, is predominately an inhibitor at site II of the
      respiratory chain. This result is consistent with previous work that showed
      diazoxide inhibits the enzyme activity of the mitochondrial glycerol phosphate
      dehydrogenase in islets. Sodium ion inhibited the net accumulation of 45Ca by
      islet mitochondria suggesting a similarity between islet mitochondria and those
      of heart and some other endocrine tissues.

PMID- 6383404
TI  - Does glucose affect phospholipase A2 activity in pancreatic islets?
AB  - Rat pancreatic islet homogenates catalyzed the production of labelled oleate and
      lysophosphatidylcholine from 1-palmitoyl-2-[1-14C] oleoylphosphatidylcholine and
      di[1-14C] stearoylphosphatidylcholine, respectively. The phospholipase A2 was
      activated by Ca2+ (Ka approximately 0.5 mM) and inhibited by mepacrine. No
      difference in enzymic activity was found in glucose-deprived and glucose
      stimulated islets, respectively.

PMID- 6383405
TI  - Purification and characterisation of a 12 K dalton peptide with an affinity for
      oriC containing DNA fragments from Escherichia coli K12 membrane fractions.
AB  - A DNA binding protein capable of interacting specifically with oriC containing
      DNA was purified to near homogeneity from E. coli membrane fractions. It has a
      molecular weight of 12 KD in denaturing conditions. The specific binding to oriC
      DNA is more resistant to the presence of salt than the non specific binding.
      Neither the DNA binding activity nor the specificity for oriC DNA was destroyed
      by heating at 100 degrees C for 2 min.

PMID- 6383406
TI  - Hypoglycemic properties of taurine: not mediated by enhanced insulin release.
AB  - Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) has been shown to be a potent hypoglycemic
      agent in the Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY). Glucose and insulin levels were measured in
      serum at various times after glucose loading (400 mg/kg, i.p.). Pretreatment with
      taurine (200 mg/kg, i.p.) attenuated the rise in serum glucose levels at 0.5 hr
      after glucose administration. In addition, taurine also prevented the rise in
      serum immunoreactive insulin levels. The taurine analogue hypotaurine produced a
      similar inhibition in the rise of both serum glucose and insulin levels while
      beta-alanine, the carboxylic acid derivative of taurine, was totally ineffective.
      The enhanced glucose clearance can be explained by an increase in deoxyglucose
      accumulation in skeletal muscle and liver. In the liver, a 50% increase in
      glycogen synthesis was observed. A possible interrelationship between taurine and
      insulin receptor is discussed.

PMID- 6383409
TI  - On aging.

PMID- 6383410
TI  - A clinician's model for the review of speech, language, and hearing microcomputer
      software.

PMID- 6383407
TI  - The altered biomechanical state of human femoral head osteoarthritic articular
      cartilage.
AB  - In this study, the biomechanical characteristics of normal and osteoarthritic
      human femoral head articular cartilage are compared using both microcompression
      and notch propagation techniques, combined with simultaneous differential
      interference contrast microscopy. The latter permits examination of the process
      of matrix rupture occurring in a controlled manner at the notch root. The results
      provide new biomechanical insights into the differences between normal and
      osteoarthritic cartilage and draw particular attention to some areas of
      fundamental structural breakdown associated with the loss of load-bearing
      function in this tissue.

PMID- 6383408
TI  - Low-dose prednisone therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: effect on vitamin D
      metabolism.

PMID- 6383411
TI  - Effect of cholesterol feeding on lipoprotein distribution in interstitial
      inflammatory fluid of the rabbit.
AB  - Utilizing the polyvinyl sponge-implant model in the rabbit we have previously
      demonstrated modification in low density lipoproteins (LDL) of interstitial
      tissue fluid obtained in association with a cellular inflammatory response. In
      order to examine the interaction between the inflammatory response and
      lipoproteins from hypercholesterolemic rabbits, 30 male, New Zealand White
      rabbits were fed standard chow supplemented with 0.5% cholesterol for 4 weeks
      prior to sponge implantation. Lipoproteins were prepared from interstitial
      inflammatory fluid (IF) as well as homologous whole plasma (WP). Total IF
      cholesterol was positively correlated with plasma cholesterol (459 +/- 43 vs.
      1485 +/- 130 mg/dl, means +/- SEM, r = 0.81, P less than 0.01). Distribution of
      lipoproteins in IF was similar to WP in both particle size and density. Beta
      migrating VLDL were the predominant particles in both WP and IF, containing 43.7
      +/- 3.4 and 42.2 +/- 5.1% of WP and IF cholesterol, respectively. IF-VLDL were
      similar to WP-VLDL in lipid and apoprotein composition, morphology and particle
      size distribution. We conclude from these data that the observed dramatic
      alterations in lipoprotein distribution in response to a dietary cholesterol
      challenge in rabbit plasma is essentially unaltered in interstitial inflammatory
      fluid obtained from these animals.

PMID- 6383403
TI  - Specific 14C-labeling of isoprenoids of intact E. coli cells.
AB  - Upon rehydration of lyophilized E. coli cells with phosphate buffer containing
      [14C]isopentenyl pyrophosphate, 14C was incorporated into the cells.
      Radioactivity was found in prenylquinones and some polyprenyl phosphate
      derivatives. Evidence was obtained suggesting that the latter compounds were
      interconverted to each other and that the "lipid cycle" operated in these cells.

PMID- 6383413
TI  - [Dermal aging. Immunofluorescence study of collagens I and III and fibronectin].
AB  - In this study the authors have studied 10 young subjects and 10 old subjects. The
      biopsies are examined by light microscopy, and by immunofluorescence techniques
      with specific antibodies against collagen I, III and fibronectin. In this last
      case the authors used also immunoelectron microscopy with peroxidase labeling and
      immunofluorescence techniques in fibroblasts cultures. The results showed that
      there was no difference in collagen localization in young and old subjects. But
      the fibronectin was found decreased in papillary dermis of old subjects. These
      results are confirmed in culture, where the fibrillar extracellular fibronectin
      was abundant in culture of young subjects and very poor in old subjects. The role
      of fibronectin will be very important in ageing, its decrease will explain the
      morphological modifications of dermal connective tissue with age.

PMID- 6383412
TI  - [Immunoperoxidase study of normal and pathologic lymphoid tissue. Value of
      monoclonal antibodies].
AB  - Immunoperoxidase study can be performed either on fixed and paraffin embedded
      biopsy specimens or on frozen sections. Advantages and limits of these two
      methods, as well as the results obtained on normal and pathologic lymphoid tissue
      are presented. Immunoperoxidase on paraffin sections (PAP technic) is a simple
      method which allows a good morphologic analysis. However, most of the fixatives
      destroy proteic antigens particularly those linked to the cell membrane. Thus
      surface immunoglobulins (S.Ig) cannot be detected. In contrast cytoplasmic
      immunoglobulins remain antigenic enough to be demonstrated in routine paraffin
      embedded sections. In lymphomas synthesizing monotypic immunoglobulins, the
      percentage of labelled cells varies from 5 to 80%. Beside the background
      staining, which can be attenuated by trypsinisation, absorption of extracellular
      substances is often responsible for a false positive staining. Pathologists are
      mainly confronted with the passive uptake of extracellular immunoglobulins (IgG K
      and IgG L), as well as other serum proteins (lysozyme etc...). Immunoperoxidase
      on frozen sections allows the use of monoclonal antibodies. A large number of
      surface and cytoplasmic antigens can be detected. First, the localization of B
      and T lymphocytes, NK cells, interdigitating cells and dendritic reticulum cells
      within the normal lymph node is described. In the second part, the interest of
      monoclonal antibodies in differential diagnosis between lymphoma and pseudo
      lymphoma, and in phenotyping of lymphomas is discussed. Now, it is possible to
      perform an in situ immunologic characterization of most lymphomas. B cell
      lymphomas have sIg associated with other antigens (Pan B+, HLA-DR+). Cells of
      chronic lymphoid leukaemia and centrocytic (cleaved-cell) lymphomas frequently
      express T65 (T 101+ or Leu 1+) antigen which is usually found on normal or
      neoplastic T lymphocytes. Monoclonal antibodies provide new evidence of the
      germinal centre origin of follicular lymphomas. Thus, monoclonal antibody
      directed against dentritic reticulum cells (CRD) revealed the same network of DRC
      in follicular lymphomas as in reactive germinal centres. This finding could
      account for the nodular pattern of these lymphomas, neoplastic cells being in
      some way, enclosed within the DRC network. On the other hand, neoplastic
      follicles are surrounded by a large amount of t lymphocytes. Some T lymphocytes
      are also found within the follicles where they are associated with NK cells.
      Lastly, as reactive benign follicles, neoplastic follicles are labelled by the
      anti-Calla antibody.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6383414
TI  - Ultrasonic bioeffects: a view of experimental studies.

PMID- 6383415
TI  - Effects of in utero ultrasound exposure in humans.

PMID- 6383416
TI  - [T.E.F.R.A., H.C.F.A., P.P.S., D.R.G., H.B.P., etc., etc].

PMID- 6383417
TI  - Treatment of multiple rejection episodes with ALG or ATGAM after cadaveric renal
      transplantation.

PMID- 6383421
TI  - Liver transplantation: consensus conference.

PMID- 6383420
TI  - [Jose Elias y Herreros (1847-1908)].

PMID- 6383419
TI  - Radionuclide cystography in pediatric patients.

PMID- 6383422
TI  - [Involvement of the occupational therapist in the interdisciplinary team in the
      field of mental health].

PMID- 6383423
TI  - Sonography quiz. Epididymo-orchitis.

PMID- 6383418
TI  - Comparative evaluation of three methods for measuring gentamicin in serum.

PMID- 6383426
TI  - Quantitative evaluation of anti-HBs in sera.
AB  - The Authors carried out a methodological study about the way of expressing in
      mIU/ml the antibody to HBV surface antigen (anti-HBs) titer. The results showed
      that Hollinger's formula seems to provide a good accuracy when enzyme immunoassay
      is employed (AUSAB EIA, Abbott). Moreover, moderate variations in the commercial
      anti-HBs kits studied (AUSAB, AUSAB EIA, Abbott) have been verified. Considering
      that and the progress of the calibration curve of the WHO Reference International
      Standard, it is also advised to include always in the test a calibration curve of
      the standard serum when a higher precision is required.

PMID- 6383424
TI  - [Poisoning by organophosphorus insecticides. Report of 2 cases].

PMID- 6383425
TI  - [From biotechnology to bacterial toxins and immunomodulators].
AB  - The disposal of industrial wastes has been recognized as a serious problem long
      before the ecological movement gained its present strength. The possibility of
      using "useful" bacteria for this purpose was considered rather early and numerous
      studies were made to use them for the biological treatment of industrial wastes.
      Such attempts have taken advantage of the development of large scale fermentors
      for the production of bacteria while at the same time they have stimulated
      progress in the technology of fermentors. The advances made in the technology of
      fermentors have also made possible the large scale production of pathogenic
      bacteria. This has made possible the production of bacterial toxins in adequate
      amounts, enabling investigators to purify them to homogeneity, to characterize
      the purified toxins physico-chemically and immunologically and to study their
      structure-function relationships. Similarly, large quantities of bacteria
      exhibiting specific biological activities could be produced and the constituents
      responsible for the activities of these bacteria could be isolated and
      characterized. In this paper, the Author describes the stages of his progress and
      processes through the fields of the biotechnology and toxinology to that of
      immunomodulators. His investigations have largely taken advantage of developments
      in the technology of fermentors. "Ecologic" bacteria have been isolated which are
      capable of using phenol as the only source of carbon or cyanides as the sole
      source of carbon and nitrogen. These bacteria have been used for the treatment of
      industrial wastes enriched either with phenol or with cyanides. Another type of
      "useful" bacteria investigated was Bifidibacterium bifidus which has a
      fundamental role in the economy of the breast-fed infant. B. bifidus is present
      only in the gut of infants fed with mothers-milk. Growth factors for B. bifidus
      have been isolated from casein hydrolyzates which permitted the implantation of
      B. bifidus in the gut of infants fed with cows-milk supplemented with these
      factors. A further development of this type of research has been the large scale
      production of toxigenic bacteria. As a result large quantities of tetanus toxin
      have been produced and a method of purification has been devised. The
      availability of large amounts of purified tetanus toxin made it possible to
      determine the physico-chemical characteristics of the toxin as well as some of
      its structure-function relationships. In addition, the mechanism of
      detoxification of protein toxins by the action of formaldehyde has been
      clarified. Enzymatically derived toxin fragments have also been
      purified.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6383428
TI  - Pharmacological and therapeutic aspects of drug administration by rate-controlled
      drug delivery systems: steady-state pharmacology.

PMID- 6383427
TI  - [Serological indices of autoimmunity in an Italian case-load of chronic active
      HBsAg positive and negative hepatitis].
AB  - In South Italy chronic hepatitis is characterized by high frequency of HBsAg
      positivity, male prevalence and infrequent presence of clinical signs of
      autoimmunity. To clarify some etiologic aspects of HBsAg negative chronic
      hepatitis, immunofluorescent tests for ANA, AMA, SMA and for liver membrane
      antibody (LMA) were performed on the sera of 116 consecutive non alcoholic
      patients with histological pattern of chronic active hepatitis (42 HBsAg+, 35
      antiHBV+ and 39 negatives for all HBV markers). ANA, AMA and SMA positivity did
      not differentiate the three groups of patients. LMA was detectable in the sera of
      a relatively few number of cases; no difference was found between HBsAg positive
      and negative patients (21% and 18% respectively). On the contrary strong
      association (p less than 0.0005) was found between LMA positivity and activity of
      the disease, as evaluated on the basis of transaminases and IgG serum levels.
      These results indicate that autoimmune chronic hepatitis is rare in our
      geographical area and they suggest that LMA positivity is not a specific test of
      autoimmune liver diseases.

PMID- 6383429
TI  - [Beta-cell activity during the oral glucose tolerance test in subjects with
      hepatic cirrhosis].
AB  - To study beta-cells response during liver cirrhosis, OGTT (0.75 g/kg b.w.) was
      performed in 7 cirrhotic patients (histologically diagnosed). An impaired glucose
      tolerance was observed in all the subjects: basal plasma glucose was 0.74 g/l +/-
      0.05 (M +/- SEM); at 90 min was 1.50 g/l +/- 0.10, and at 180 min was 1.10 g/l +/
      0.17. Plasma insulin peak was delayed at 90 min (78.2 microU/ml +/- 27.7); two
      patients showed basal hyperinsulinemia. C peptide concentration reached the peak
      at 120 min (3.6 ng/ml +/- 0.5), in agreement with Gragnoli and coll. Plasma
      insulin concentration did not correlate with hepatic laboratory findings. All the
      patients had severe liver disease, including esophageal varices; in 4 patients
      ascites was observed. The results show that impaired glucose tolerance in
      patients with liver cirrhosis is not directly related to the degree of the
      disease and confirm the decreased insulin catabolism and peripheric resistance.

PMID- 6383430
TI  - [Reproductive conditioning of the partridge (Perdix perdix) with GnRH and an
      increase in the photoperiod].
AB  - Follicular growth and egg deposition were induced in the Grey Partridge (Perdix
      Perdix) after stimulation with Gn-RH and artificial light. The experiment was
      carried out from November to December 1983, during the short day period, and
      during the non egg laying period for this bird-sp. Two groups consisting of ten
      pairs of Grey Partridge each (female and male), received 3.8 mcg of Gn-RH (pGlu
      His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2) every 8 hours for 10 and 15 days,
      respectively. With interruption of the Gn-RH treatment we observed follicular
      regression. For this reason the birds were stimulated with artificial light daily
      from the 15th day of treatment until egg deposition. Fifty-five days after the
      start of the Gn-RH treatment the Grey Partridge laid eggs. Forty days of this
      period the birds were supplemented with artificial light. Twenty pairs of Grey
      Partridge were used as controls. Periodically two experimental female subjects
      (treated and control) were sacrificed to observe the development of ovary and
      oviducts.

PMID- 6383433
TI  - [Echographic profile of senile disciform macular degeneration and problems of
      differential diagnosis].
AB  - Authors describe the echographic characteristics A and B-scan of the disciform
      macular degeneration. They also examine the problems of an echographic
      differential diagnosis between the upper described pathological pattern and the
      melanoma of small dimensions growing from the posterior pole. With the B-scan,
      both pathological patterns show a zone of echoes which is of solid aspect, not so
      much raised from the retina. The only characteristic element is the choroideal
      excavation that we always have in the choroideal melanoma and never in the
      disciform macular degeneration. Even the A-scan is useful mostly if we reduce the
      amplification level we have a separation of the internal echoes better in the
      disciform macular degeneration than in the melanoma. Moreover in some cases when
      the pathological area is small, we cannot have an echographic differential
      diagnosis in order to recognize the lesion.

PMID- 6383432
TI  - [Primary malignant melanoma of the orbit A- and B-scan echographic
      characteristics].
AB  - Authors describe the echographic characteristics A and B-scan of a malignant
      primitive melanoma of the orbit and the diagnostic difficulties. In fact we do
      not have, in the scientific literature, abstracts with an echographic
      description. The A-scan shows us a characteristic pattern: a frontal big echo
      followed from many lessing echoes not returning to the zero line; finally a big
      closing echo. The B-scan shows us a neoformation of regular aspect with clear
      limits, dishomogeneous inside, near the ocular bulb. The echographic pattern is
      construed like a cystic neoformation because of the final echo and the good
      echographic transmission. This pattern is very similar to the echographic aspects
      of the choroideal malignant melanoma.

PMID- 6383431
TI  - [Effect of amphotericin B on phagocytosis and intracellular killing of E. coli by
      rat liver perfused in vitro: preliminary results].
AB  - Using isolated and perfused rat livers we found an inhibitory effect on
      intracellular killing of hepatic macrophages versus E. coli, in presence of
      therapeutic levels of amphotericin B (5 micrograms/ml). Since an interference of
      this antibiotic with phagocytic functions of human neutrophils has also been
      reported, we suggest that amphotericin B may exert a toxic effect on
      intraphagocytic microbicidal function, possibly by an interaction with membrane
      sterols.

PMID- 6383435
TI  - Serum beta 2-microglobulin level in type I diabetes: its dependence on the
      duration of diabetes and the quality of metabolic control.
AB  - As the level of serum beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-M) has been shown to reflect
      renal function, its concentration was determined in serum and urine of patients
      affected by diabetes type I of various duration and quality of metabolic control.
      104 diabetic patients, aged 7-39 (mean, 14.8) years, with an average duration of
      diabetes of 5.7 +/- 4.8 years studied as outpatients. Haemoglobin A1, beta 2-M in
      serum and urine, serum creatinine and protein were determined. The patients were
      classified into groups according to the quality of control (excellent,
      satisfactory or poor) and the duration of diabetes (less than 5 years, 5-8 years,
      more than 8 years). In patients with a duration of less than five years, lower
      beta 2-M levels were found if the quality of metabolic control was good than in
      patients controlled poorly (1.36 and 1.64 mg/l, respectively). Again in the group
      with a duration exceeding 8 years, patients with better control had a lower beta
      2-M level than poorly controlled ones. Diabetes exhibiting a beta 2-M level
      higher than 1.6 mg/l, the upper limit of the normal range, had had diabetes for
      8.6 years on the average, while those with a normal serum value only for 3.8
      years. These findings have also been confirmed in 47 type I diabetics
      participating in a holiday camp.

PMID- 6383434
TI  - [Non-invasive diagnosis of mitral and tricuspid valve insufficiency].

PMID- 6383436
TI  - Role of hyperuricaemia in critically ill patients especially newborns.
AB  - The results of animal experiments and clinical observations concerning the
      pathological role of hyperuricaemia and the effect of allopurinol treatment in
      acute metabolic disturbances and critically ill patients is reported. In uricase
      enzyme blocked rats treated by oxonic acid, urate nephropathy could be elicited
      by endogenous purine catabolism in shock. Hyperuricaemia aggravated the shock,
      while allopurinol increased the survival time. In shock resistant rats
      hyperuricaemia did not develop when shock was elicited. Allopurinol prevented
      hyperuricaemia and increased the physical performance of swimming rats, while in
      experimental DIC allopurinol reduced markedly the hyperuricaemia and the kidney
      damage. In clinical studies a close correlation was observed between the degree
      of hyperuricaemia and the severity of illness. Serum uric acid values were
      lowered in cases treated by peritoneal dialysis. In randomized control studies of
      newborns with IRDS the survival rate was improved by allopurinol treatment. In
      critically ill patients with various illnesses allopurinol prevented the
      progression of the pathological process and improved the clinical condition. The
      effect of allopurinol in acute clinical metabolic disturbances may be due to its
      protection against the renal damage by hyperuricaemia and against purine loss by
      inhibition of xanthine oxidase during the hypoxic stress and the enhancement of
      hypoxanthine salvage by HGPRT. Allopurinol reduced the production of superoxide
      radicals and thus the effect of injury may also be moderated by xanthine oxidase
      blockade.

PMID- 6383437
TI  - Professor Janos Bokay, Jr.

PMID- 6383438
TI  - Janos Bokay junior as seen by a disciple.

PMID- 6383439
TI  - An introduction to the concepts of oral dysfunction. A report of a teaching
      exercise.

PMID- 6383440
TI  - Portrait of a double president. Sir Rodney Geoffrey Swiss.

PMID- 6383441
TI  - Gingival hyperplasia associated with cyclosporin A. A report of two cases.

PMID- 6383442
TI  - An early dental identification of a corpse.

PMID- 6383444
TI  - Dentistry as I have seen it--1920 to 1984.

PMID- 6383443
TI  - The bonded bridge: an improved model?

PMID- 6383446
TI  - New method for assessing cardiac parasympathetic activity using 24 hour
      electrocardiograms.
AB  - Cardiac parasympathetic activity was assessed using 24 hour electrocardiographic
      recordings by measuring the incidence of larger changes in successive RR
      intervals, which in normal subjects occur frequently but irregularly. In 25
      normal subjects the mean number of times per hour in which the change in
      successive RR interval was greater than 50 ms was 150-250 during waking and 350
      450 during sleeping. By contrast, 30 diabetics with medically denervated hearts
      (12 with cardiovascular reflex evidence of parasympathetic damage and 18 with
      additional sympathetic damage) and six cardiac transplant patients with
      surgically denervated hearts had extremely low counts. Additionally, of 20
      diabetics with normal cardiovascular reflexes, about half had abnormally low
      counts, suggesting that this method is better than currently available reflex
      tests in detecting early cardiac parasympathetic damage. This technique provides
      a valid and sensitive way of monitoring cardiac parasympathetic activity over
      prolonged periods.

PMID- 6383447
TI  - Sedation for endoscopy: a comparison between diazepam, and diazepam plus
      pethidine with naloxone reversal.
AB  - The combination of diazepam plus pethidine, reversed with naloxone, was compared
      in a double-blind randomized study with diazepam alone in 100 patients undergoing
      endoscopy. Patients accepted both methods of sedation equally well. There was no
      significant difference in sedation after endoscopy, but the addition of pethidine
      produced a significant improvement in patient co-operation during the endoscopy
      (P less than 0.001).

PMID- 6383448
TI  - The spectrum of intestinal obstruction today.

PMID- 6383445
TI  - Contrast agents in angiocardiography.

PMID- 6383449
TI  - Sweat production in the isolated eccrine sweat gland of the rat.
AB  - A method has been developed to isolate a single rat eccrine sweat gland, together
      with the attached sweat duct, and to induce sweat secretion directly from the
      gland in vitro. Sweat production was induced using carbachol (2 X 10(-5) M to 3 X
      10(-5) M) and methacholine (2 X 10(-5) M) in isolated plantar sweat glands
      maintained in a suitable environment (modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate at 38
      degrees C containing 30% w/v fresh rat serum). The output of sweat was measured
      every 5 minutes for 85 minutes and the maximal final volume obtained with any one
      gland was 23 nl. Sweat production ceased on administration of appropriate
      concentrations of atropine (1 X 10(-5) M to 5 X 10(-5) M), withdrawal of calcium
      ions from the bathing fluid, and reduction of the medium temperature to 4 degrees
      C.

PMID- 6383450
TI  - Histocompatibility antigens (HLA) in dermatology.

PMID- 6383453
TI  - The severity of immune neutropenia correlates with the maturational specificity
      of antineutrophil antibodies.
AB  - Sera from 15 patients with antineutrophil antibodies against peripheral blood
      neutrophils were incubated with normal bone marrow, and the reaction with marrow
      precursors was determined. Serum from controls did not deposit IgG on either
      peripheral blood or marrow myeloid cells. Serum from patients with moderate
      immune neutropenia with myeloid hyperplasia deposited IgG on neutrophils, bands
      and metamyelocytes, but not on earlier precursors. Serum from one patient with
      severe neutropenia and myeloid hypoplasia deposited IgG on myelocytes and
      promyelocytes as well as more mature cells. Serum from a patient with
      antineutrophil antibodies which impaired chemotaxis but who did not have
      neutropenia deposited IgG only on neutrophils and occasional bands. Immune
      neutropenia may become increasingly severe as antibodies become directed against
      earlier precursors.

PMID- 6383451
TI  - Autoimmune injury of squamous epithelium by pemphigus autoantibodies.

PMID- 6383454
TI  - A and B blood group antigen expression on mixed colony cells and erythroid
      precursors: relevance for human allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - Using anti-A and anti-B blood group monoclonal antibodies and fluorescent
      activated cell sorting of human bone marrow, A (or B) blood group antigen was
      shown to be on 5.2 +/- 5.9 (mean +/- SD) % of CFU-GEMM and 12.5 +/- 19.6% of the
      erythroid burst forming cells (designated BFU-GEMM) as defined by the mixed
      colony assay, and 49.5 +/- 20% of the BFU-E and 83.5 +/- 9.9% of the CFU-E as
      defined by the erythroid colony assay. This antigen expression on the BFU-GEMM is
      consistent with the concept that erythroid bursts stimulated by leucocyte
      conditioned medium are less mature, and are closer in development to the
      pluripotent stem cell than the BFU-E. These results help to explain the delayed
      erythropoiesis, and perhaps impaired engraftment of all cell lineages, that may
      occur in some recipients of ABO incompatible bone marrow transplants with
      persistent and high anti-A titres.

PMID- 6383455
TI  - Normal content of brain spectrin-like protein in sph/sph mice.
AB  - In the erythrocytes of WBB6F1-sph/sph mice spectrin constitutes only
      approximately 1% of the total sph/sph membrane protein compared to approximately
      23% in WBB6F1-+/+ controls. No increase in proteolytic degradation of spectrin in
      sph/sph erythrocyte membranes could be detected with antibodies directed against
      mouse erythrocyte spectrin or mouse brain spectrin-like protein. As attachment of
      normal spectrin to the erythrocyte membrane of these animals appeared to be
      normal, and as spectrin is not detected when whole sph/sph erythrocytes are
      solubilized in SDS for SDS PAGE, the deficient erythrocyte spectrin was probably
      due to diminished production. Brain spectrin-like protein, a nonerythroid
      spectrin analogue, is antigenically, morphologically and functionally related to
      erythrocyte spectrin, but appears by peptide mapping analysis to be a distinct
      gene product. It was found by protein- and antibody-staining of brain membranes
      to be present in normal concentrations in sph/sph animals. Indirect
      immunofluorescence of mouse brain tissue with anti-brain spectrin-like protein
      IgG or anti-erythrocyte spectrin IgG indicated that the distribution of brain
      spectrin-like protein was normal in sph/sph brain. Therefore the mutation causing
      diminished production of sph/sph erythrocyte spectrin does not affect the
      expression of this nonerythroid spectrin analogue.

PMID- 6383452
TI  - Marion B. Sulzburger.

PMID- 6383457
TI  - The effects of therapeutic dialysis and renal transplantation on uraemic serum
      inhibitors of erythropoiesis in vitro.
AB  - The methyl cellulose culture system using human bone marrow and erythropoietin
      (Ep) at different concentrations was used to examine the effects of uraemic sera
      on erythropoiesis in vitro. Sera from undialysed patients with advanced uraemia
      (plasma creatinine greater than 900 mumol/l) when added to cultures at 10% with
      Ep at 2.0 u/ml were consistently inhibitory to the growth of erythroid burst
      forming units (BFU-E). No inhibition of erythroid colony-forming units (CFU-E)
      was observed at this Ep concentration but inhibition was consistently
      demonstrated with Ep at 0.2 u/ml. Sera from undialysed patients with less severe
      uraemia (plasma creatinine less than 900 mumol/l) were not inhibitory to BFU-E or
      CFU-E at Ep 2.0 u/ml. Sera from patients with stable, functioning renal
      transplants were stimulatory to erythropoiesis in vitro with Ep at 2.0 u/ml. This
      finding is consistent with the normal or increased haematocrits often found
      following renal transplantation. Sera from patients on maintenance haemodialysis
      and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) were not significantly
      different from normal in their effect on BFU-E growth in vitro and were slightly
      but significantly stimulatory to the growth of CFU-E. This suggests that these
      two forms of dialysis are equally effective in reducing the activity of uraemic
      inhibitors in serum and that inhibition of the marrow response to Ep and/or burst
      promoting activity (BPA) is unlikely to be a major factor in the continued
      anaemia of dialysis patients.

PMID- 6383459
TI  - Increased vascular resistance in the descending aorta of the human fetus in
      hypoxia.
AB  - Blood velocity waveforms from the fetal thoracic aorta, obtained by a combination
      of real-time and Doppler ultrasound and a spectral analyser, detected a total end
      diastolic block in the curve in nine pregnancies with chronic fetal hypoxia.
      Simultaneous cardiotocographic recordings were normal except in one patient.
      These findings suggest that hypoxia causes an increase of peripheral vascular
      resistance in the tissues distal to the thoracic aorta and that this change
      appears earlier than pathological changes in the cardiotocogram. The potential
      clinical value of this technique justifies further research.

PMID- 6383456
TI  - Plasmodium falciparum takes up iron from transferrin.
AB  - Plasmodium falciparum, cultured in vitro, is inhibited by desferrioxamine, a
      specific iron chelating agent, despite the abundant haem iron which surrounds the
      parasite. In this report we show that the intraerythrocytic parasite obtains iron
      from transferrin. The parasite may therefore be freed of a requirement to
      catabolize haem to obtain iron thus minimizing haem toxicity.

PMID- 6383460
TI  - Effects of two ultrasound scanning regimens on the management of pregnancy.
AB  - Two obstetric ultrasound scanning regimens were compared with each other and with
      two control groups by studying the effects on the management of pregnancy. One
      group of women was scanned routinely whilst the other was scanned only for
      specific clinical indications. Management was improved in both the scanned groups
      compared with that in the control groups, mainly in the mode and timing of
      delivery and in the admission pattern during pregnancy. Routine scanning resulted
      in more accurate early detection of placenta praevia and multiple pregnancy but
      there was no improvement in the management of labour compared with that in the
      group scanned only for specific reasons.

PMID- 6383461
TI  - Thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin levels in molar pregnancy.
AB  - Plasma levels of thromboxane (TX) A2 and prostacyclin (PGI2), as measured by
      radioimmunoassay of their respective stable metabolites TXB2 and 6-keto PGF1
      alpha, were studied in six molar pregnancies immediately before, immediately
      following and 24 h after evacuation of the uterus. The mean (SD) levels for TXB2
      were 150 (41), 137 (32) and 125 (25) pg/ml respectively, and for 6-keto PGF1
      alpha the respective values were 225 (52), 226 (127) and 213 (49) pg/ml. There
      was no significant difference in the levels of prostanoids between the samples
      taken at the various time intervals. The concentration of these prostanoids in
      molar intravesicular fluid was also determined. Their respective mean (SD) pg/ml
      values were 3682 (760) for TXB2 and 2969 (744) for 6-keto PGF1 alpha. In 15
      normal pregnancies of equivalent gestation, the mean amniotic fluid levels of
      TXB2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha were 34 (17) and 146 (86) pg/ml respectively. The
      ability of molar trophoblast to generate the prostanoids from [14C]arachidonic
      acid in vitro was also demonstrated. Mean (SD) values for TXB2 and 6-keto PGF1
      alpha were 12.2 (2.6) and 13.2 (1.8) pg/mg protein/min, respectively. It is
      likely that the high concentrations of prostanoids in vesicular fluid reflect the
      synthesizing ability of the villus vesicles. The mole contributes little to the
      circulatory prostanoids possibly because its villi are deficient in blood
      circulation.

PMID- 6383458
TI  - Mechanism and characteristics of platelet activation by haematin.
AB  - The mechanism as well as some characteristics of haematin-induced human platelet
      aggregation were investigated. Haematin-induced platelet aggregation required the
      presence of devalent cations; Mg2+, and to a lesser extent, Co2+, were just as
      effective as Ca2+ in supporting the aggregation. Mono- and trivalent cations were
      ineffective. Verapamil inhibited the aggregation. The aggregation was accompanied
      by thromboxane formation which could be abolished by aspirin. The release of
      adenine nucleotides was only slightly inhibited by aspirin. The rate of
      aggregation and the ultrastructure of the aggregated platelets were comparable
      between control and aspirin-treated samples. It is concluded therefore that
      haematin-induced aggregation is not dependent on platelet prosta-glandin
      synthesis. Haematin induced binding of fibrinogen to platelets, and failed to
      aggregate thrombasthenic platelets. These findings indicate that haematin may
      induce platelet aggregation by promoting influx of divalent cations in
      association with increased fibrinogen binding and release of adenine nucleotides.

PMID- 6383462
TI  - Retinal and epiretinal glia--an immunohistochemical study.
AB  - Immunohistochemical techniques were used to examine the distribution of cells
      containing glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in normal and pathological
      human specimens, including 22 globes (13 of which contained epiretinal membranes
      'in situ'), 16 surgically excised epiretinal membranes, and monolayers of cells
      obtained from five epiretinal membranes placed in tissue culture. The astrocytic
      cells of normal and pathological retinae stained with the glial-cell marker, but
      Muller cells were GFAP-negative in normal retinae at the antisera dilutions used.
      Muller cells did, however, stain in retinae from glaucomatous eyes and in eyes
      with prolonged retinal detachment. Electron microscopy did not reveal any obvious
      morphological difference between the intermediate filaments of normal (GFAP
      negative) and GFAP-positive Muller cells. Ten of the 13 epiretinal membranes 'in
      situ', all 16 excised membranes, and three of the five monolayers contained glial
      cells. Purely glial membranes were not associated with retinal puckering or
      detachment, while all membranes causing tractional complications had a prominent
      fibrous, non-glial component. Our findings suggest that glial cells do not
      contribute significantly to the contractile forces generated by epiretinal
      membranes. They may, however, provide a scaffold on which other cells proliferate
      and contract and an anchorage by means of which tangential forces are transmitted
      into and through the retina.

PMID- 6383463
TI  - Chronic ocular ischaemia.
AB  - The ocular changes due to chronic ischaemia are described in seven patients, aged
      between 59 and 77 years, with severe carotid artery disease. Doppler sonography
      was used to confirm the presence of high-grade arterial stenosis or occlusion in
      all the patients. The treatment of chronic ocular ischaemia is discussed,
      including the role of carotid bypass surgery, which is mentioned briefly. Three
      patients died of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease within 6 to 18 months
      of presentation.

PMID- 6383464
TI  - Cysteinyl residues of Escherichia coli recA protein.
AB  - The Escherichia coli recA protein has three cysteinyl residues at positions 90,
      116, and 129. All of them are reactive with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)
      (DTNB). In the presence of ATP or ADP, only one cysteinyl residue reacts with
      DTNB. The residue was also reactive with N-[7-(dimethylamino)-4
      methylcoumarinyl]maleimide (DACM) in the presence of ATP. The results on an
      analysis of the DACM-modified protein cleaved at the nonmodified cysteinyl
      residues after cyanation with 2-nitro-5-(thiocyano)benzoic acid show that two
      cysteinyl residues protected in the presence of ATP or ADP are identified as Cys
      90 and Cys-129. When the ionic strength is higher than 1, one cysteinyl residue
      does not react with DTNB. This residue is Cys-90 or Cys-129, because one of the
      two cysteinyl residues, which are not modified with DACM in the presence of ATP,
      does not react with DTNB at high ionic strength. The binding of single-stranded
      DNA to the recA protein does not change the reactivity of the cysteinyl residues
      with DTNB.

PMID- 6383465
TI  - Molecular mechanisms of chemical mutagenesis: 9-aminoacridine inhibits DNA
      replication in vitro by destabilizing the DNA growing point and interacting with
      the DNA polymerase.
AB  - 9-Aminoacridine was found to inhibit dNTP incorporation into DNA homopolymer
      duplexes by phage T4 DNA polymerase in vitro. Systematic variation of the molar
      ratio of 9-aminoacridine to DNA, to DNA polymerase, and to DNA precursors
      demonstrated that this inhibition at 9-aminoacridine concentrations below 10
      microM was mainly due to interaction of 9-aminoacridine with the DNA and
      suggested that the basis for the preferential inhibition of incorrect precursor
      incorporation was destabilization of the DNA growing point. Consistent with
      destabilization, 9-aminoacridine stimulated the hydrolysis of correctly base
      paired DNA by the 3'-5' exonuclease activity of phage T4 DNA polymerase. This is
      the first indication to my knowledge that an intercalating dye destabilizes the
      DNA growing point, whereas it raises the overall Tm of the DNA. At 9
      aminoacridine concentrations above 10 microM overall incorporation of dNTPs was
      inhibited by 9-aminoacridine interaction with the DNA polymerase. A possible
      explanation for the induction of both deletion and addition frameshift mutations
      by 9-aminoacridine during DNA biosynthesis is discussed in light of growing-point
      destabilization.

PMID- 6383469
TI  - Active site directed N-carboxymethyl peptide inhibitors of a soluble
      metalloendopeptidase from rat brain.
AB  - A soluble metalloendopeptidase isolated from rat brain preferentially cleaves
      bonds in peptides having aromatic residues in the P1 and P2 position. An
      additional aromatic residue in the P3' position greatly increases the binding
      affinity of the substrate, suggesting the presence of an extended substrate
      recognition site in the enzyme, capable of binding a minimum of five amino acid
      residues [Orlowski, M., Michaud, C., & Chu, T.G. (1983) Eur. J. Biochem. 135, 81
      88]. A series of N-carboxymethyl peptide derivatives structurally related to
      model substrates and containing a carboxylate group capable of coordinating with
      the active site zinc atom were synthesized and tested as potential inhibitors.
      One of these inhibitors, N-[1(RS)-carboxy-2-phenylethyl]-Ala-Ala-Phe-p
      aminobenzoate, was found to be a potent competitive inhibitor of the enzyme with
      a Ki of 1.94 microM. The two diastereomers of this inhibitor were separated by
      high-pressure liquid chromatography. The more potent diastereomer had a Ki of
      0.81 microM. The inhibitory potency of the less active diastereomer was lower by
      1 order of magnitude. Decreasing the hydrophobicity of the residue binding the S1
      subsite of the enzyme by, for example, replacement of the phenylethyl group with
      a methyl residue decreased the inhibitory potency by almost 2 orders of
      magnitude. Deletion of the carboxylate group decreased the inhibitory potency by
      more than 3 orders of magnitude. Shortening the inhibitor chain by a single
      alanine residue had a similar effect. Binding of the inhibitor to the enzyme
      increased its thermal stability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6383466
TI  - Amino acid sequence of human D of the alternative complement pathway.
AB  - The primary structure of human D, the serine protease activating the C3
      convertase of the alternative complement pathway, has been deduced by sequencing
      peptides derived from various chemical (CNBr and o-iodosobenzoic acid) and
      enzymatic (trypsin, lysine protease, Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease, and
      chymotrypsin) cleavages. Carboxypeptidase A was also used to confirm the COOH
      terminal sequence. The peptides were purified by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography. The proposed sequence of human D contains 222 amino acids and has
      a calculated molecular weight of 23 748. It exhibits a high degree of homology
      with other serine proteases, especially around the NH2-terminus as well as the
      three residues corresponding to the active-site His-57, Asp-102, and Ser-195
      (chymotrypsinogen numbering). This sequence homology is highest (40%) with
      plasmin, intermediate (35%) with pancreatic serine proteases, such as elastase,
      trypsin, chymotrypsin, and kallikrein, and least (30%) with the serum enzymes
      thrombin and factor X. D, however, exhibits only minimal amino acid homology with
      the other sequenced complement serine proteases, Clr (25%) and Bb (20%). The
      substitution of a basic lysine for a neutral amino acid three residues NH2
      terminal to the active-site serine as well as a small serine residue for a bulky
      aromatic amino acid at position 215 (chymotrypsinogen numbering) in the binding
      pocket may be important in determining the exquisite substrate specificity of D.
      The presence of His-40 which interacts with Asp-194 (chymotrypsinogen numbering)
      to stabilize other serine protease zymogens [Freer, S. T., Kraut, J., Robertus,
      J. D., Wright, H. T., & Xuong, N. H. (1970) Biochemistry 9, 1997] argues in favor
      of such a D precursor molecule.

PMID- 6383467
TI  - Brewers' yeast pyruvate decarboxylase produces acetoin from acetaldehyde: a novel
      tool to study the mechanism of steps subsequent to carbon dioxide loss.
AB  - A gas-liquid chromatographic technique was developed for the determination of
      both acetaldehyde and the 3-4% acetoin side product that results from the
      brewers' yeast pyruvate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.1) catalyzed reaction of pyruvic
      acid. Employing this method enabled the demonstration of the catalysis of
      acetaldehyde condensation to acetoin by the enzyme. It was found that the acetoin
      produced enzymatically from pyruvic acid or from acetaldehyde was optically
      active, thus providing stereochemical information about the reaction. Deuterium
      kinetic isotope effects (employing CH3CHO and CH3CDO) were determined on the
      steady-state kinetic parameters to be 4.5 (Vmax) and 3.2 (Vmax/Kappm),
      respectively. This enabled, for the first time, the estimation of relative
      kinetic barriers for steps past decarboxylation. It could be concluded that (a) C
      H bond scission was part of rate limitation in the enzyme-catalyzed condensation
      of acetaldehyde to acetoin and that (b) among the steps leading to the release of
      acetaldehyde, protonation of the key enamine intermediate was part of rate
      limitation. This latter finding is also directly applicable to the mechanism of
      pyruvate decarboxylation.

PMID- 6383468
TI  - Azasterol inhibition of delta 24-sterol methyltransferase in Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae.
AB  - The inhibition of the delta 24-sterol methyltransferase (24-SMT) of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae by side-chain azasterols is related to their nuclear skeleton and side
      chain nitrogen position. Inhibitory power [I50 (microM)] was found to be in the
      order of 25-azacholesterol hydrochloride salt (0.05) greater than 25-aza-24,25
      dihydrozymosterol (0.08) greater than 25-azacholesterol approximately equal to 25
      azacholestanol (0.14) greater than (20R)- and (20S)-22,25-diazacholesterol (0.18)
      greater than 24-azacholesterol (0.22) greater than 25-aza-24,25-dihydrolanosterol
      (1.14) greater than 23-azacholesterol (4.8). In the presence of azasterols, S.
      cerevisiae produces increased amounts of zymosterol, decreased amounts of
      ergosterol and ergostatetraenol, and the new metabolites cholesta-7,24-dienol,
      cholesta-5,7,24-trienol, and cholesta-5,7,22,24-tetraenol. Kinetic inhibition
      studies with partially purified 24-SMT and several azasterols suggest the
      azasterols act uncompetitively with respect to zymosterol and are competitive
      inhibitors with respect to S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM). These results are
      consistent with at least two kinetic mechanisms. One excludes competition of
      azasterol and zymosterol for the same site, whereas a second could involve a ping
      pong mechanism in which 24-SMT is methylated by SAM and the methylated enzyme
      reacts with sterol substrate.

PMID- 6383471
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against the lac carrier protein from Escherichia coli. 1.
      Functional studies.
AB  - The effects of various monoclonal antibodies against purified lac carrier protein
      on carrier-mediated lactose transport were studied in right-side-out membrane
      vesicles and in proteoliposomes reconstituted with purified lac carrier protein.
      Out of more than 60 monoclonal antibodies tested, only one antibody, designated
      4B1, inhibits transport. Furthermore, the nature of the inhibition is highly
      specific in that the antibody inhibits only those transport reactions that
      involve net proton translocation (i.e., active transport, carrier-mediated influx
      and efflux under nonenergized conditions, and lactone-induced proton influx). In
      contrast, the antibody has little effect on equilibrium exchange and no effect on
      generation of the proton electrochemical gradient or on the ability of the
      carrier to bind a high-affinity ligand. Clearly, therefore, the antibody alters
      the relationship between lactose and proton translocation at the level of the lac
      carrier protein. When entrance counterflow is studied with external [1
      14C]lactose at saturating and subsaturating concentrations, it is apparent that
      antibody 4B1 mimics the effects of deuterium oxide [Viitanen, P., Garcia, M.L.,
      Foster, D.L., Kaczorowski, G. J., & Kaback, H.R. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 2531].
      That is, the antibody has no effect on the rate or extent of counterflow when
      external lactose is saturating but stimulates the efficiency of counterflow when
      external lactose is below the apparent Km. It seems likely, therefore, that the
      antibody either inhibits the rate of deprotonation or alters the equilibrium
      between protonated and deprotonated forms of the carrier. Monovalent Fab
      fragments prepared from antibody 4B1 inhibit transport in a manner that is
      similar qualitatively to that of the intact antibody.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6383470
TI  - Base pairing in wheat germ ribosomal 5S RNA as measured by ultraviolet
      absorption, circular dichroism, and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry.
AB  - Ultraviolet absorption (UV) and circular dichroism (CD) spectra of wheat germ 5S
      RNA, when compared to tRNAPhe, indicate a largely base-paired and base-stacked
      helical structure, containing up to 36 base pairs. Fourier-transform infrared (FT
      IR) spectra of tRNAPhe and wheat germ ribosomal 5S RNA have been acquired at 30
      and 90 degrees C. From the difference of the FT-IR spectra between 90 and 30
      degrees C, the number of base pairs in both RNAs was determined by modification
      of a previously published procedure [Burkey, K. O., Marshall, A. G., & Alben, J.
      O. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 4223-4229]. The base-pair composition and total base
      pair number from FT-IR data are now consistent for the first time with optical
      (UV, CD, Raman) and NMR results for ribosomal 5S RNA. Without added Mg2+, tRNAPhe
      gave 18 +/- 2 base pairs [7 A-U and 11 G-C], in good agreement with the number of
      secondary base pairs from X-ray crystallography [8 A-U, 12 G-C, and 1 G-U].
      Within the 10% precision of the FT-IR method, wheat germ 5S RNA exhibits
      essentially the same number of base pairs [14 A-U, 17 G-C, and 5 G-U; for a total
      of 36] in the absence of Mg2+ as in the presence of Mg2+ [14 A-U, 18 G-C, and 3 G
      U; for a total of 35], in agreement with the UV hyperchromism estimate of G-C/(A
      U + G-C) = 0.58.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6383472
TI  - Localization of the galactoside binding site in the lactose carrier of
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - The location of flurophores specifically bound to the lactose/H+ carrier of
      Escherichia coli was ascertained by the use of various collisional quenchers. The
      reporter groups were (1) the pyrenyl residue of N-(1-pyrenyl)maleimide attached
      to the essential cysteine residue 148, which is presumably at or near the
      galactoside binding site, and (2) the dansyl moieties of a series of fluorescent
      substrate molecules. The accessibility of these fluorophores from the lipid phase
      was assessed by nitroxyl-labelled fatty acids and phospholipids. By using a
      series of nitroxyl-labelled fatty acids carrying the quencher at different
      positions in the acyl chain, the position of a quenchable fluorophore with
      respect to the membrane normal can be determined. The accessibility of fluophores
      from the aqueous phase was assessed by using a water-soluble quencher, the N
      methylpicolinium ion. The results of quenching studies suggest that the
      galactoside binding site is located within the carrier and that this binding site
      communicates with the aqueous phase through a pore.

PMID- 6383474
TI  - Transport of cystine and cysteine in mammalian cells.

PMID- 6383473
TI  - Organic ion transport during seven decades. The amino acids.
AB  - The amino acids are ions of various charge combinations, and one can argue that
      historically they were the first ions for which the ongoing problem of membrane
      transport was presented; also that among transported ions these may undergo a
      highly detailed molecular recognition. Furthermore, the distribution of charge on
      the amino acid molecule determines by what route or routes it is conducted across
      the biological membrane, with what directional and structural specificity, and
      therefore what regulation is imposed, and where. Cases where a presumably charged
      chemical group behaves as if it were somehow absent from the amino acid have been
      observed to fall into several categories: Straightforward cases where the pH has
      been low enough or high enough to remove the charge by protonation or
      deprotonation, even in free solution. Cases where that protonation or
      deprotonation is facilitated at the binding site, and perhaps by the total
      transport process. The cystine molecule can apparently thus be rendered either a
      tripolar anion or a tripolar cation for transport. Cases where an otherwise co
      transported Na+ is omitted to redress charge, or where a Na+ serves as a
      surrogate for a missing charged group on the amino acid molecule. A case where
      the protonation occurs reversibly at the receptor site rather than on the amino
      acid molecule.

PMID- 6383475
TI  - Biochemistry of the Na+, D-glucose cotransporter of the small-intestinal brush
      border membrane. The state of the art in 1984.

PMID- 6383477
TI  - Transcriptionally active chromatin.
AB  - Eukaryotic chromatin has a dynamic, complex hierarchical structure. Active gene
      transcription takes place on only a small proportion of it at a time. While many
      workers have tried to characterize active chromatin, we are still far from
      understanding all the biochemical, morphological and compositional features that
      distinguish it from inactive nuclear material. Active genes are apparently
      packaged in an altered nucleosome structure and are associated with domains of
      chromatin that are less condensed or more open than inactive domains. Active
      genes are more sensitive to nuclease digestions and probably contain specific
      nonhistone proteins which may establish and/or maintain the active state. Variant
      or modified histones as well as altered configurations or modifications of the
      DNA itself may likewise be involved. Practically nothing is known about the
      mechanisms that control these nuclear characteristics. However, controlled
      accessibility to regions of chromatin and specific sequences of DNA may be one of
      the primary regulatory mechanisms by which higher cells establish potentially
      active chromatin domains. Another control mechanism may be compartmentalization
      of active chromatin to certain regions within the nucleus, perhaps to the nuclear
      matrix. Topological constraints and DNA supercoiling may influence the active
      regions of chromatin and be involved in eukaryotic genomic functions. Further,
      the chromatin structure of various DNA regulatory sequences, such as promoters,
      terminators and enhancers, appears to partially regulate transcriptional
      activity.

PMID- 6383476
TI  - DNA methylation patterns. Formation and function.

PMID- 6383480
TI  - The triose-phosphate site of homogeneous reconstituted sn-glycerol-3-phosphate
      acyltransferase of Escherichia coli.
AB  - The sn-glycerol-3-phosphate (glycerol-phosphate) acyltransferase of Escherichia
      coli was purified to near homogeneity and its activity reconstituted with
      phospholipids (Green, P.R., Merrill, A.M., Jr. and Bell, R.M. (1981) J. Biol.
      Chem. 256, 11151-11159). The competency of glycerol-P analogues to serve as
      inhibitors and as substrates was investigated. Dihydroxyacetone-P, ethyleneglycol
      P, 1,3-propanediol-P, 3,4-dihydroxybutylphosphonate and DL-glyceraldehyde-3-P
      were inhibitors of the reconstituted purified glycerol-phosphate acyltransferase.
      The kinetics of inhibition, while formally of the mixed type, most closely
      resembled that of a simple competitive inhibition with respect to glycerol-3-P.
      Inorganic phosphate was also found to be a competitive inhibitor. All of the
      glycerol-3-P analogues except DL-glyceraldehyde-3-P were substrates. Of these,
      dihydroxyacetone-P proved to be the best substrate. The secondary hydroxyl was
      not necessary for activity. Glycerol-phosphate acyltransferase catalyzed the
      hydrolysis of palmitoyl-CoA in the presence of DL-, but not D-glyceraldehyde-3-P.
      This suggests that the gem diol of L-glyceraldehyde-3-P may be a substrate, and
      that the acylated adduct may be unstable. The enzyme was inactivated by
      phenylglyoxal and butanedione, suggesting that arginine may be at or near the
      active site.

PMID- 6383478
TI  - The role of triiodothyronine in the regulation of synthesis rate and translatable
      mRNA level of fatty acid synthetase in a preadipocyte cell line.
AB  - Triiodothyronine (T3) effects on the activity, rate of synthesis and mRNA content
      of the key lipogenic enzyme, fatty acid synthetase, were studied in
      differentiating ob17 preadipocytes cloned from ob/ob mouse epididymal adipose
      tissue. During differentiation in the presence of insulin, a 6-10-fold increase
      in both fatty acid synthetase specific activity and synthesis rate were
      reproducibly observed and occurred concomitantly. The relative synthesis rate
      exhibited a progressive elevation from 0.5% at confluence to a maximum level of
      2% in the presence of insulin. The rate of the enzyme degradation determined by
      pulse-chase experiments was similar in differentiating cells and insulin
      untreated cells of the same age (t 1/2, 40-42 h). Furthermore, the increase in
      the enzyme synthesis rate was preceded by a progressively elevating amount of
      mRNA encoding for this protein as detected by translation in a reticulocyte
      lysate cell-free system. It is thus suggested that the increment in total and
      neosynthesized fatty acid synthetase in essentially due to an increased enzyme
      synthesis, reflecting an increased relative content of its specific mRNA. T3
      included at a physiological concentration (1.5 nM) in the culture medium enhanced
      significantly both enzyme synthesis and its specific mRNA. The most important T3
      effect was an acceleration of both processes, a stimulation of the mRNA level
      being detected as early as day 3 post-confluence and maximum at day 5 when the
      effect on the synthetase synthesis rate and activity began to be enhanced. This
      suggests that T3 would mainly affect fatty acid synthetase as a pretranslational
      level.

PMID- 6383481
TI  - Investigations into the direct effects of insulin on hepatic ketogenesis,
      lipoprotein secretion and pyruvate dehydrogenase activity.
AB  - In the rat liver perfused with whole rat blood containing either decreased or
      increased concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids, insulin decreased
      production of acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate and stimulated secretion of very
      low-density-lipoprotein triacylglycerol. In these same livers, pyruvate
      dehydrogenase activity was not altered by insulin addition, although it was
      diminished by non-esterified fatty acids.

PMID- 6383485
TI  - Cyclosporin-associated mania.

PMID- 6383482
TI  - Insulin binding in human skeletal muscle.
AB  - Insulin binding to crude plasma membranes derived from human skeletal muscle was
      characterized. Incubations were performed for 22 h at 4 degrees C. Typical
      insulin binding characteristics were found, i.e., (a) specificity for insulin,
      (b) pH sensitivity, (c) dissociation of insulin by the addition of excess insulin
      and (d) concave Scatchard curves. Half-maximal inhibition of 125I-labeled-insulin
      binding occurred at 1 X 10(-8) M. Affinity constants were 0.76 X 10(9) and 0.02 X
      10(9) M-1 for the high- and low-affinity receptor (2-site model), respectively,
      and the corresponding receptor numbers were 89 and 1450 fmol/mg protein,
      respectively. The procedures employed permit the determination of insulin binding
      to small quantities of human muscle (approx. 250 mg).

PMID- 6383490
TI  - Pregnant mouse corpora lutea: immunocytochemical localization of relaxin and
      ultrastructure.
AB  - Relaxin was localized in corpora lutea of pregnant mouse ovaries by using the
      unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique and a highly specific
      rabbit antirat relaxin serum. Relaxin immunostaining was first observed in luteal
      cells located at the periphery of corpora lutea on Day 10 of gestation. The
      number of relaxin immunostained cells and the intensity of the stain gradually
      increased to reach a maximum between Days 16 and 18 of gestation. While a few
      luteal cells were specifically stained for relaxin on Day 1 postpartum, no luteal
      cells were stained on Day 2 postpartum. Ultrastructural studies of luteal cells
      from pregnant mouse ovaries revealed the presence of a distinct electron-dense,
      membrane-bound granule population, which was first observed on Day 12 of
      gestation. The granules increased in number to reach a maximum between Days 16
      and 18 of gestation, and were absent by Day 2 postpartum. The appearance and
      disappearance of this granule population closely paralleled the relaxin
      immunostaining in the luteal cells. We suggest that the granules may be the
      subcellular sites of relaxin storage in the pregnant mouse ovary.

PMID- 6383479
TI  - Polypeptide proteinase inhibitor from human articular cartilage.
AB  - A polypeptide proteinase inhibitor from human articular cartilage has been
      purified to homogeneity by stepwise Sephadex G-75, heparin-Sepharose and octyl
      Sepharose affinity chromatography. The inhibitor is strongly cationic (pI greater
      than or equal to 10.5) and consists of two non-identical polypeptides associated
      by means of electrostatic and/or hydrophobic interactions. Amino acid analysis of
      the aggregate confirmed that the polypeptide was rich in basic, and hydrophobic
      amino acids and contained only one disulphide bridge. Sedimentation equilibrium
      studies showed that the aggregate had MW congruent to 7000 which could be
      dissociated into two polypeptides each of MW congruent to 3500. While the
      subunits were primarily serine proteinase inhibitors the aggregate form could
      also inhibit bacterial collagenase and pepsin but not thermolysin nor the
      cysteine proteinases, ficin or bromelain. Binding of 125I-labelled human
      cartilage inhibitor to heparin, keratan sulphate and proteoglycan subunit was
      demonstrated using gel exclusion chromatography but no interaction was detected
      with chondroitin 6-sulphate or hyaluronic acid. Binding of cartilage inhibitor
      subunits to link proteins was also shown by polyacrylamide electrophoresis. These
      data suggest that the human cartilage inhibitor may be localised at specific
      sites on the proteoglycan complex where it would be ideally placed to attenuate
      degradation by matrix proteinases or constitute part of an enzyme-inhibitor
      complex.

PMID- 6383487
TI  - Chemical cues from families delay puberty in male California voles.
AB  - The role of chemical cues in the delay of puberty in male California voles
      (Microtus californicus) was investigated. Males that were raised from weaning in
      bedding from their families were delayed in attainment of adult androgen levels
      and seminal vesicle weights compared to males raised in clean bedding. In a
      second experiment, the source of the suppressive cues was examined by rearing
      males in bedding from unrelated adult males, their fathers, or their mothers.
      Males reared with bedding from their mothers showed delayed maturation of both
      androgen levels and seminal vesicle weights, whereas males exposed to bedding
      from unrelated males were not delayed. Males exposed to bedding from their
      fathers showed intermediate androgen levels but large seminal vesicles. Thus,
      chemical cues from the family, particularly the mother, suppress reproductive
      development in male California voles. These results are discussed in the context
      of the puberty delay which occurs in natural populations of this species; it is
      suggested that puberty delay is an adaptive strategy that may be employed by
      young voles in times of high density and limited resources.

PMID- 6383484
TI  - Subcellular fractionation of actively growing protoplasts of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae.
AB  - Cell homogenates obtained from partially regenerated Saccharomyces cerevisiae
      protoplasts were fractionated by a procedure using a combination of continuous
      and discontinuous sucrose gradients, under experimental conditions that minimize
      possible artifacts due to centrifugation and resuspension. At least five
      different membranous organelle fractions (plasma membrane, mitochondria, rough
      endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum-like structures and small
      sized particulated structures) were isolated. Subcellular fractions were
      characterized by assaying established marker enzymes. Radioactive labelled [(U
      3H]uracil) ribosomes were also used as a further characterization criterion of
      the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Comparative SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis of the protein constituents of the isolated membrane-bound
      organelles suggest that the polypeptide pattern could also be used as an
      additional marker for some of these structures. Finally, subcellular distribution
      of chitin synthase was determined using this fractionation procedure, and two
      partially zymogenic enzyme pools (one inside the cell associated to particles
      which sediments at high speed, and the second one associated to the plasma
      membrane) were found.

PMID- 6383486
TI  - Effects of relaxin and insulin on reproductive tract size and early fetal loss in
      Squalus acanthias.
AB  - These experiments demonstrate that both porcine relaxin and bovine insulin can
      increase the cervical cross-sectional area in Squalus acanthias. When given after
      estradiol priming, the magnitude of this response is greater. This effect is
      limited to Stage C females in which pregnancy is over 75% complete. The overall
      result is premature loss of developing fetuses. The effect of relaxin or insulin
      on cervical cross-sectional area and fetal loss is unrelated to an effect on
      blood sugar. Cervical weights are affected little by hormone treatment. Relaxin
      and insulin do not increase the cross-sectional area of the anterior uterine
      constriction. These results suggest the involvement of a relaxin-like molecule
      during normal parturition in the spiny dogfish.

PMID- 6383483
TI  - Dual mechanisms involved in development of diverse biological activities of islet
      activating protein, pertussis toxin, as revealed by chemical modification of
      lysine residues in the toxin molecule.
AB  - Islet-activating protein (IAP), pertussis toxin, is an oligomeric protein
      composed of an A-protomer and a B-oligomer. There seem to be at least two
      molecular mechanisms by which IAP exerts its various effects in vivo and in
      vitro. On the one hand, some of the effects were not significantly affected by
      acetamidination of the epsilon-amino groups of the lysine residues in the
      molecule. These include the activities in vitro (1) catalyzing ADP-ribosylation
      of one of the membrane proteins directly, (2) enhancing membrane adenylate
      cyclase activity in C6 cells, (3) reversing receptor-mediated inhibition of
      insulin or glycerol release from pancreatic islets or adipocytes, respectively,
      and the activities in vivo (4) inhibiting epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia, (5)
      potentiating glucose-induced hyperinsulinemia, (6) reducing hypertension and
      increasing the heart rate in genetically hypertensive rats. These activities are
      concluded to develop as a result of ADP-ribosylation catalyzed by the A-protomer
      which is rendered accessible to its intramembrane substrate thanks to the
      associated B-oligomer moiety. Thus, neither the enzymic activity of the A
      protomer nor the transporting activity of the B-oligomer needs free amino groups
      of the lysine residues in the IAP molecule. On the other hand, additional effects
      of IAP, such as (1) mitogenic, (2) lymphocytosis-promoting, (3) histamine
      sensitizing, (4) adjuvant and (5) vascular permeability increasing, were markedly
      suppressed by acetamidination of the intrapeptide lysine residues. The free
      epsilon-amino group of lysine would play an indispensable role in the firm (or
      divalent) attachment of the B-oligomer of IAP to the cell surface that is
      responsible for development of these activities.

PMID- 6383488
TI  - Immunoreactive forms of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in the brains of
      aging rats exhibiting persistent vaginal estrus.
AB  - The luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) system in middle-aged female
      rats exhibiting persistent vaginal estrus (PVE) was examined using
      immunocytochemical (ICC) techniques. Three LHRH antisera (A-R419, A-R744, A-R422;
      generously supplied by Dr. A. Arimura) directed toward different portions of the
      LHRH molecule were utilized to compare the immunoreactive molecular moieties of
      this hypothalamic peptide present in neurons of aging and young female rats. The
      immunoreactive forms of the decapeptide detected within neurons of young cycling
      animals were present within the same regions of the LHRH neurons of PVE females.
      Immunoreactive LHRH perikarya and fibers in the middle-aged anovulatory females
      did not differ in their distribution in the basal forebrain from those of young
      cycling females. Furthermore, no gross morphological differences were apparent at
      the light microscopic level in LHRH neurons from young and aging females. Of
      particular importance was the apparent presence of the physiologically active
      form of the mature decapeptide in terminal regions of the median eminence. These
      data lead us to propose that failure to release adequate amounts of LHRH from
      neurovascular terminals and not the lack of availability of this hypothalamic
      decapeptide contributes to reproductive decline in aging female rats.

PMID- 6383489
TI  - Identification and preliminary characterization of two distinct bovine seminal Pz
      peptidases.
AB  - Two peptidases hydrolyzing the Pz-peptide substrate were identified in bovine
      semen. Each Pz-peptidase was strongly inhibited by chelating agents, suggesting
      both were metallopeptidases. However, these peptidases could be distinguished by
      other properties and were designated Pz-peptidases A and B. Pz-peptidase A
      hydrolyzed the Pz-peptide at the Leu-Gly bond, was inhibited by
      tosylphenylethylchloromethylketone (TPCK) but not by phosphoramidon and had a pH
      optimum near 6, whereas Pz-peptidase B cleaved the Pro-Leu bond, was inhibited by
      phosphoramidon but not by TPCK and had a pH optimum near 7. Seminal plasma, light
      particulates and cytoplasmic droplets contained almost exclusively Pz-peptidase
      A, and Pz-peptidase A predominated in sperm extracts. Pz-peptidase B was found
      primarily in sperm extracts, but Pz-peptidase B activity was also present in
      ultralight particulates. Pz-peptidase A of spermatozoa required Triton X-100 for
      complete extraction, but Pz-peptidase B was solubilized from spermatozoa by
      nitrogen decompression without detergents. Pz-peptidase B was inhibited by
      several detergents. In particular, addition of 0.1% Hyamine 2389 to sperm
      extracts inhibited 99% of the Pz-peptidase B activity. Thus, Pz-peptidase B may
      have been overlooked in previous studies employing extraction of spermatozoa with
      Hyamine 2389. The properties of both seminal PZ-peptidases were different from
      those of purified bovine testicular PZ-peptidase, suggesting that PZ-peptidases
      from these sources were not identical.

PMID- 6383493
TI  - Studies on xylitol-induced insulin secretion in vitro.
AB  - A comparative study on the insulinotropic effect of xylitol and glucose was
      undertaken using isolated rat islets of Langerhans. Xylitol and glucose showed
      equal insulinotropic effects when compared at equivalent dose levels. Xylitol
      induced insulin release was not inhibited by either mannoheptulose or 2-deoxy-D
      glucose whereas glucose-induced insulin release was significantly inhibited.
      Glucagon, caffeine and cyclic-AMP enhanced the insulinotropic effect of glucose
      and leucine significantly, but insulin release in response to xylitol was not
      affected. Arginine did not potentiate the insulin releasing effect of xylitol
      though leucine showed an additive effect. These findings suggest that the mode of
      action of xylitol may be different from that of glucose.

PMID- 6383491
TI  - Immunological and haematological monitoring in bladder cancer patients receiving
      adjuvant bestatin treatment following radiation therapy. A prospective randomized
      trial.
AB  - In a prospective randomized trial the clinical value of Bestatin, a low molecular
      weight immunomodulator, is being examined in patients having completed a full
      course of local radiation therapy for bladder cancer. At termination of
      irradiation (64 Gy in eight weeks) the patients are divided into two treatment
      arms: (i) 10 mg of Bestatin orally three times daily without breaks for at least
      one year and (ii) no further adjuvant treatment. Routine haematological
      monitoring of 68 patients for a period of up to two years did not reveal any
      differences between the two groups. Studies on the blood lymphocyte population,
      however, showed a significantly elevated frequency of cells forming rosettes with
      sheep erythrocytes after one month of Bestatin treatment. Upon continuation of
      treatment, however, this value declined and reached the level of the control
      patients at three months. The frequencies of lymphocytes with Fc-receptors for
      IgG or complement were unaffected by Bestatin. Spontaneous cytotoxicity against
      Chang cells appeared to be increased during the first three months of Bestatin
      treatment in those patients who survived for more than 18 months. No increase was
      observed in patients who died earlier. Although the above data seem to indicate
      that Bestatin should be administered at higher doses and intermittently instead
      of continuously, our preliminary results on disease-free survival in a limited
      patient material seem to be in favour of the Bestatin treated patients.

PMID- 6383492
TI  - [Antinuclear antibodies: analysis of images and classification of
      immunofluorescence aspects on nuclei isolated from rat hepatocytes].
AB  - Image analysis and Fourier transformation of the various nuclear
      immunofluorescence patterns observed while detecting antinuclear antibodies allow
      an objective and quantitative definition of the fluorescence. They also point out
      various IF types hidden by the main pattern, without having to dilute the test
      serum. They make obvious the difference between speckled and reticular patterns,
      and reveal the existence of intermediate states. The usual nuclear IF patterns
      (homogeneous, ring, nucleolar, reticulated, speckled and diffuse) may be grouped,
      according to their photo emission, into nuclear and subnuclear patterns. The
      first group includes homogeneous, annular and passive nucleolar IF. The second
      group is composed of speckled, reticulated, mixed, and active nucleolar IF.
      Alternatively, these aspects may be grouped into three types: homogeneous nuclear
      IF (homogeneous and ring), heterogeneous nuclear IF (speckled, reticulated and
      mixed) and nucleolar IF (active or passive). Diffusion can affect or not these
      aspects and does not apply to a special type or pattern. Image analysis and the
      study of the image spatial spectrum lead to automated recognition of the IF
      types, and later on, to the discrimination of antinuclear antibodies.

PMID- 6383495
TI  - Use of a laser-Doppler electrophoresis method in bacteriology (preliminary
      results).
AB  - A new electrophoresis system using Laser Doppler velocimetry has been developed.
      This technic allows fast measurements, (1 minute) over a large number of
      particles (several thousand or more). Furthermore, the small size of the
      particles is no longer a limitation of the measurement. These qualities made it
      possible to study the electrokinetic properties of cells. In this paper the
      authors present the first application obtained on different types of bacteria
      (Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus
      vulgaris) submitted to five antibiotics (gentamycin, minocyclin, cephalotin,
      spiramycin, sobramycin). After four hours of incubation at 37 degrees C,
      important decreases of electrophoretic mobility were observed on bacteria treated
      with antibiotics to which they were sensitive. On the other hand, no significant
      modification appeared on bacteria treated with antibiotics to which they were not
      sensitive. In conclusion, the electrophoretic mobility test seems to be useful to
      study the response of bacteria to antibiotics and perhaps could be used to set
      antibiograms.

PMID- 6383496
TI  - Prostacyclin production by perturbed bovine aortic endothelial cells in culture.
AB  - This study reports that endotoxin (Escherichia coli serotype 026:B6) and 12-O
      tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate stimulate cultured bovine aortic endothelial
      cells to generate prostacyclin. The prostacyclin concentration of the culture
      medium was measured indirectly by radioimmunoassay for 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. The
      amount of prostacyclin generated depended on the concentration of endotoxin or
      phorbol diester. Prostacyclin generation was not immediate, but occurred slowly
      after a six-hour lag period. The perturbed cells contracted and showed marked
      shape changes that correlated temporally with the start of enhanced prostacyclin
      production. Cytochalasins B and D, vinblastine, and colchicine inhibited
      prostacyclin production, indicating involvement of the cytoskeleton in the
      cellular response to endotoxin and phorbol diester. The increase in prostacyclin
      production was prevented by trifluoperazine, an inhibitor of the Ca++-calmodulin
      system, which is known to be involved in cytoskeletal function. Generation of
      prostacyclin was inhibited by cycloheximide and actinomycin D, indicating
      dependence on protein and ribonucleic acid synthesis. It is postulated that
      exposure to endotoxin or phorbol diester leads, via a series of reactions that
      involve RNA and protein synthesis and require intact cytoskeletal function, to
      the generation of toxic active intermediate(s) that stimulate the enzymes
      necessary for prostacyclin production.

PMID- 6383494
TI  - The immunity genes of colicins E2 and E8 are closely related.
AB  - We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the newly characterized colicin E8
      imm gene which exists in tandem with the colicin E3 imm gene in the ColE3-CA38
      plasmid. Comparison of these immunity structures reveals considerable sequence
      divergence, but the ColE8 imm gene is markedly homologous to the colicin E2 imm
      gene from the ColE2-P9 plasmid.

PMID- 6383498
TI  - Chromosome-mediated transfer of the malignant phenotype by human acute
      myelogenous leukemic cells.
AB  - Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a malignancy of the myeloid cells of the bone
      marrow. Recently, a number of groups have demonstrated that it is possible to
      study the malignant phenotype at the level of DNA through gene transfer
      experiments. We have used such an approach to determine whether it is possible to
      transfer the malignant phenotype of anchorage independence from human AML cells
      to anchorage-dependent rodent cells, using chromosomes as the source of genetic
      information. We found that chromosomes isolated from leukemic cell lines were
      capable of transferring the malignant phenotype of anchorage independence,
      whereas chromosomes derived from the lymphocytes of normal individuals were not
      active in this assay. Using Southern blot analysis of the DNA from transferants,
      we were able to show that the transfer of anchorage independence correlated with
      the presence of human DNA in the transferants. The pattern of human DNA in the
      transferants derived from different transfection experiments is compared.

PMID- 6383501
TI  - Timing of transplant for CML patients.

PMID- 6383500
TI  - A study of the kinetics of ADP-triggered platelet shape change.
AB  - The rapid transformation of human blood platelets from inert discoid cells to
      spheroechinocytes that is induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) has been
      followed by right-angle light scattering intensity measurements using a laser
      light source and a sensitive photomultiplier. Two steps have been observed, and
      their rate constants have been determined as a function of pH and [ADP] and in
      the presence and absence of calcium for both platelet-rich plasma and gel
      filtered platelets. Both steps are significantly faster in the presence of
      physiologic levels of calcium. Platelets were fixed prior to and during
      activation, then examined by phase-contrast and scanning electron microscopy. The
      light scattering and morphological changes support a model in which, under
      physiologic conditions of pH, temperature, ionic strength, and calcium
      concentration, the initial rapid event in platelet shape change is the loss of
      discoid shape, with a decay time of two to three seconds, leading to an
      intermediate with short pseudopods. The slower extension of long pseudopods
      occurs next, with a time constant of approximately seven to eight seconds. These
      results may help to resolve the contradictory descriptions of the mechanism of
      platelet shape change that have recently appeared in the literature.

PMID- 6383499
TI  - Busulfan and total body irradiation as antihematopoietic stem cell agents in the
      preparation of patients with congenital bone marrow disorders for allogenic bone
      marrow transplantation.
AB  - The capacity of busulfan and total body irradiation to ablate hematopoietic stem
      cells as preparation for the allogeneic bone marrow transplantation of patients
      with congenital bone marrow disorders was studied. Fourteen patients received 18
      transplants; busulfan was used in the preparatory regimen of eight transplants
      and total body irradiation in the regimens of six transplants. Sustained
      hematopoietic ablation was achieved in six of eight patients prepared with
      busulfan and in all six patients prepared with total body irradiation. Three
      patients prepared with total body irradiation died with idiopathic interstitial
      pneumonitis, whereas no patients receiving busulfan developed interstitial
      pneumonitis. The optimal antihematopoietic stem cell agent to be used for the
      preparation of patients with congenital bone marrow disorder for bone marrow
      transplantation is not certain.

PMID- 6383502
TI  - Pulmonary function tests and airway responsiveness to methacholine in chronic
      bronchiectasis of the adult.
AB  - Fifty adults with chronic bronchiectasis (mean duration since diagnosis: 25 +/-
      16.4 years), excluding those cases secondary to tuberculosis or
      hypogammaglobulinemia, were investigated by a questionnaire, a chest radiograph
      and lung function tests. Of these, 29 with an FEV1 greater than 1.5 1 underwent
      methacholine inhalation tests. Fourty-three subjects and three subjects
      respectively showed an obstructive or a mixed obstructive and restrictive defect,
      only four having normal lung function tests. Sixty-nine percent of subjects
      tested had a provocative concentration of methacholine causing a 20% fall in FEV1
      (PC20) less than 16 mg X ml-1. Subjects with daily sputum production had lower
      values of FEV1 and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) compared to subjects with
      less than daily sputum. Subjects with clinical features of bronchial
      hyperexcitability had significantly lower baseline FEV1, vital capacity, and
      maximal mid-expiratory flow rate (FEF25-75). Subjects with lower PC20 values had
      significantly lower baseline FEV1, FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75. Finally, subjects with
      the greatest extent of radiological abnormalities had lower baseline FEV1,
      FEV1/FVC and diffusing capacity, and a higher residual volume. We conclude that
      chronic bronchiectasis is associated with significant changes in lung function
      tests and increased responsiveness to methacholine in the majority of affected
      individuals.

PMID- 6383497
TI  - Cleavage and activation of human factor IX by serine proteases.
AB  - Human factor IX circulates as a single-chain glycoprotein. Upon activation in
      vitro, it is cleaved into disulfide-linked light and heavy chains and an
      activation peptide. After reduction of activated 125I-factor IX, the heavy and
      light chains are readily identified by gel electrophoresis. A direct,
      immunoradiometric assay for factor IXa was developed to assess activation of
      factor IX for proteases that cleaved it. The assay utilized radiolabeled
      antithrombin III with heparin to identify the active site and antibodies to
      distinguish factor IX. After cleavage of factor IX by factor XIa, factor VIIa
      tissue thromboplastin complex, or the factor X-activating enzyme from Russell's
      viper venom, antithrombin III bound readily to factor IXa. Cleavage of 125I
      factor IX by trypsin, chymotrypsin, and granulocyte elastase in the presence of
      calcium yielded major polypeptide fragments of the sizes of the factor XIa
      generated light and heavy chains. Kallikrein did not cleave the zymogen.
      Nonactivation cleavage was noted by thrombin, but only in the absence of calcium.
      When the immunoradiometric assay was used to assess trypsin-cleaved factor IX,
      the product bound antithrombin III, but not maximally. After digesting with
      insolubilized trypsin, clotting activity confirmed activation. In contrast,
      incubation of factor IX with elastase (Takaki A et al, J Clin Invest 71:1706,
      1983) or chymotrypsin did not lead to generation of an antithrombin III-binding
      site, despite their digestion of 125I-factor IX into heavy and light chain-sized
      fragments. In evaluating activation of factor IX, physical evidence of activation
      cleavages does not necessarily correlate with generation of an active site.

PMID- 6383504
TI  - Revision of the nucleotide sequence at the last intron of the mitochondrial
      apocytochrome b gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence around a G + C-rich cluster in the last intron of the
      mitochondrial apocytochrome b gene (F.G. Nobrega and A. Tzagoloff, Journal of
      Biological Chemistry, 255: 9828-9837, 1980) was revised when restriction digests
      failed to show a predicted Rsa I site at position +2769. The corrected sequence
      has four additional nucleotides, one Hae III and two Hpa II sites. Previously
      undetected typographical errors were also found in the A + T-rich sequence.

PMID- 6383508
TI  - Depression at the menopause.
AB  - For the doctor confronted with an unhappy menopausal woman, who is weepy,
      irritable, and sleeping badly, it is often difficult to decide whether these
      symptoms are a natural consequence of her endocrine status or due to social or
      psychological factors. Certainly, a link between depression and the menopause
      should not necessarily be assumed.

PMID- 6383505
TI  - In vivo specific uptake of labeled insulin by turtle (Chrysemys dorbigni) thyroid
      gland.
AB  - Insulin labeled with 125I was injected into turtles to study its specific uptake
      by the thyroid gland. The gel filtration behavior of labeled material in blood
      and thyroid gland was determined in order to ascertain if the uptake is specific.
      Most animals were pretreated with KI to saturate the gland with iodide. Maximum
      specific uptake of radioactivity by the thyroid gland was only detected in
      animals pretreated with KI. A significant dose-related reduction (ED50 = 0.5
      micrograms/kg) was observed when unlabeled insulin was administered
      simultaneously with 125I-insulin. Prolactin, glucagon and growth hormone (2
      mg/kg) did not affect 125I-insulin uptake. Most of the radioactive material
      extracted from the turtle thyroid 15 min after 125I-insulin injection coeluted
      with 125I-insulin on Sephadex G-50. This peak decreased as a function of time
      after 125I-insulin administration. Similar elution patterns were found for
      thyroid extracts from turtles previously treated with KI. The labeled hormone in
      the gland was rapidly degraded or processed to both higher and lower molecular
      weight compounds. Prior administration of KI suppressed the former, whereas when
      unlabeled insulin was injected simultaneously with 125I-insulin the amount of
      degradation products was reduced. The demonstration of radioactive degradation
      products is consistent with the intracellular receptor-mediated degradation
      hypothesis. These findings indicate the presence of specific insulin-binding
      sites in the thyroid gland.

PMID- 6383506
TI  - Factors affecting adjustment to cancer.

PMID- 6383509
TI  - Cognitive-behaviour therapy for depression: problems and perspectives.
AB  - A number of reviews of the effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy for
      depression, though optimistic, have pointed to some difficulties in
      interpretation of the outcome literature. These difficulties, and the extent to
      which more recent research has dealt with them, are reviewed. It is suggested
      that while some of the genuine difficulties have been resolved, and other
      commonly expressed criticisms may prove to be unfounded, there remain a number of
      important areas of ignorance which demand further investigation.

PMID- 6383503
TI  - Mauricio Rocha e Silva (1910-1983).

PMID- 6383510
TI  - Who needs high technology?

PMID- 6383512
TI  - Randomized prospective trial of the Angelchik anti-reflux prosthesis.
AB  - Fifty-two patients with reflux oesophagitis resistant to medical treatment were
      randomized at operation to receive either the Angelchik prosthesis or a
      fundoplication. All patients were assessed postoperatively by a physician unaware
      of the nature of the operation. Forty-two patients have been followed up for 1-2
      years; ten patients for 3-9 months. Ninety-six per cent of the Angelchik patients
      had satisfactory or excellent results compared with 81 per cent with a
      fundoplication. There were no failures to control reflux with the Angelchik
      prosthesis whereas 6 patients (23 per cent) of the fundoplication group have
      persisting reflux. Operating times for insertion of the prosthesis averaged a
      little over half that recorded for fundoplication. Complication rates were
      similar. The results of the trial encourage the use of the prosthesis in patients
      with gastro-oesophageal reflux, where medical treatment has failed. The
      prosthesis should not be used if the gut is opened during operation either
      inadvertently or deliberately, as in making a suture line or anastomosis, because
      of the risk of sepsis.

PMID- 6383511
TI  - Ultrasound localisation of intra-uterine contraceptive devices and associated
      pathology.
AB  - Ultrasound examination of 100 consecutive outpatients, referred with lost or
      broken threads, showed a higher incidence of both translocation and pelvic
      infection than previously reported, and further studies using control groups are
      necessary.

PMID- 6383507
TI  - Lymphocyte and macrophage function.
AB  - The aim of this article is to review the tests available for assessing lymphocyte
      and monocyte function and to discuss their usefulness in the diagnosis and
      monitoring of primary and secondary immunodeficiency.

PMID- 6383514
TI  - Prevention and treatment of intestinal dehiscence by an intraluminal bypass
      graft.
AB  - The most important cause of morbidity and mortality in the surgery of the colon,
      rectum and oesophagus is dehiscence. An experimental study to investigate a
      method of protecting intestinal anastomoses/dehiscences by an intraluminal bypass
      graft was carried out. This was accomplished by the implantation of a soft tube
      (graft) in the proximal intestine above the proposed anastomosis/dehiscence,
      which conducts the salivary, gastrointestinal secretion, food and faecal stream
      past the anastomosis/dehiscence into the distal intestine; these contents are
      thereby prevented from coming in contact with the anastomosis/dehiscence.
      Intestinal continuity is then completed. The graft is expelled spontaneously
      after a varying time. In the face of gross anastomotic dehiscences, faecal
      peritonitis and mediastinitis, primary healing without leakage occurs. A clinical
      study has been instituted.

PMID- 6383515
TI  - Distinct commissural pathways are involved in the enhanced release of dopamine
      induced in the contralateral caudate nucleus and substantia nigra by unilateral
      application of GABA in the cat thalamic motor nuclei.
AB  - The effects of diencephalic or telencephalic commissural sectioning on the
      changes in [3H]dopamine ([3H]DA) release from nerve terminals (in the caudate
      nucleus, CN) and dendrites (in the substantia nigra, SN) of the two nigro
      striatal dopaminergic pathways induced by the application of GABA (10(-5) M, 30
      min) into the left ventralis medialis (VM) or ventralis lateralis (VL) thalamic
      nuclei were investigated. Experiments were performed in halothane-anesthetized
      cats implanted with push-pull cannulae in both CN and SN. In unlesioned cats,
      GABA application into the left VM-VL increased [3H]DA release in both CN and in
      the contralateral SN confirming previous results. Sectioning of the thalamic
      massa intermedia only blocked the GABA-induced increase in [3H]DA release in the
      contralateral SN, the responses in both CN being preserved. Sectioning of the
      rostral part of the corpus callosum only prevented the GABA-induced increase in
      [3H]DA release in the contralateral CN, whereas [3H]DA release in the ipsilateral
      CN and in the contralateral SN was still enhanced. These results suggest that
      changes in [3H]DA release evoked in both CN and in the contralateral SN by GABA
      application into the left VM-VL might involve different mechanisms: those
      observed in the CN result from potent pre-synaptic influences mediated by the
      bilateral cortico-striatal projections; those induced in the contralateral SN are
      due to other types of messages involving or passing through the thalamic massa
      intermedia.

PMID- 6383513
TI  - The aetiology and management of acute epididymitis.
AB  - The aetiology of acute epididymitis presenting to a surgical unit in a District
      General Hospital is presented. Patients over 45 years old frequently have a
      coliform urinary tract infection which may be associated with bladder neck
      obstruction. These patients require treatment with a suitable antibiotic (Co
      trimoxazole) and further investigation. This condition occurs more commonly in
      patients under 45 years old in whom it is not associated with urinary tract
      infection. We have not demonstrated significant chlamydial infection and in a
      double blind study the antibiotic Co-trimoxazole did not hasten recovery. In this
      group the aetiology remains obscure.

PMID- 6383518
TI  - Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) immunoreactivity in the dorsolateral pontine
      tegmentum: further studies on the micturition reflex system.
AB  - A cluster of neurons in the pontine tegmentum thought to correspond with the
      micturition reflex center was retrogradely labeled following the injection of the
      fluorescent tracer True Blue into the sacral spinal cord. Simultaneous
      immunofluorescence staining indicated that these neurons display corticotropin
      releasing factor (CRF)-like immunoreactivity. Also, CRF-positive varicose fibers
      were detected in the intermediolateral column of the sacral cord. The results
      indicate the presence of CRF or a CRF-like peptide in a descending projection to
      the spinal cord that may be involved in regulating the micturition reflex.

PMID- 6383516
TI  - Enolase distribution in human brain tumors, retinoblastomas and pituitary
      adenomas.
AB  - The cellular localization of alpha-, beta- and gamma-subunits of enolase
      isoenzyme was studied immunohistochemically in various human brain tumors,
      retinoblastomas and pituitary adenomas (total, 91 cases). The alpha-subunit was
      found in almost all brain tumors except in medulloblastoma cases. A case of
      medullomyoblastoma contained beta-subunit-positive myoblastic cells, which was
      also positive for human myoglobin. The gamma-subunit was frequently observed in
      medulloblastomas, retinoblastomas and pituitary adenomas. However, gamma-subunit
      was also present in some non-neuronal brain tumors such as astrocytomas and
      oligodendrogliomas. Enzyme immunoassay technique also confirmed the presence of
      gamma-subunit in a medulloblastoma and two retinoblastomas.

PMID- 6383519
TI  - Bilateral alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormonergic fiber system from zona incerta
      to cerebral cortex: combined retrograde axonal transport and immunohistochemical
      study.
AB  - We employed a highly sensitive combination method of retrograde tracing and
      immunohistochemistry to identify an alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha
      MSH)-containing fiber pathway from zona incerta to cerebral cortex. Biotin
      horseradish peroxidase injected into the parietal cortex of the rat labeled a
      number of neurons in the zona incerta bilaterally, and simultaneous staining with
      an alpha-MSH antiserum revealed that a part of these neurons are alpha-MSHergic.

PMID- 6383521
TI  - Early postnatal administration of 5,7-DHT: effects on serotonergic neurons and
      terminals.
AB  - Serotonergic neurons throughout the brain were destroyed by early postnatal
      treatment of rats with an intracisternal injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine
      (5,7-DHT), as demonstrated with biochemical measurements of serotonin and
      immunocytochemical localization of serotonin-containing neurons. Using these
      methods, it was shown that approximately 75-98% of serotonergic neurons underwent
      cell death in rats which were treated on day 3. In contrast, intracisternal
      administration of 5,7-DHT in adult rats led to the loss of distal serotonergic
      terminals without apparent loss of the cell bodies. Desipramine pretreatment
      prevented significant effects of 5,7-DHT on noradrenergic neurons.

PMID- 6383517
TI  - Asymmetrical cerebrovascular response to right and left hemisphere cortical
      suction lesions in the rat.
AB  - We have previously demonstrated that focal lesions of the right but not left
      cerebral cortex in the rat produce hyperactivity and depletions of
      norepinephrine. To assess the cerebrovascular response to suction lesions,
      postoperative rats were infused intravenously with [14C]inulin. The brain inulin
      concentration in the right lesion group was significantly higher than control (no
      surgery) or left lesion groups in all cortical quandrants, but most prominently
      in the quadrant posterior and contralateral to the lesion site.

PMID- 6383520
TI  - Immunoreactive avian pancreatic polypeptide in the chicken retina: overall
      distribution.
AB  - The distribution of avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP)-like immunoreactivity (APP
      IR) in the chicken retina was investigated by means of immunohistochemistry. The
      observation from frozen sections showed that APP-IR is localized in the
      stratified amacrine cells of the first sublayer. Examination of whole-mounts
      revealed that APP-IR fibers from a dense fiber plexus at the peripheral margin
      area and peripheral portion of the retina where they run circumferentially. APP
      IR neurons are located in the peripheral portion. From the three-dimensional
      profiles, APP-IR amacrine cells could be divided into two types.

PMID- 6383523
TI  - Transition between immature radial glia and mature astrocytes studied with a
      monoclonal antibody to vimentin.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody to vimentin (RBA1) and a polyclonal antiserum to glial
      fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were used in double labeling experiments to
      examine astrocyte intermediate filaments in development and wounding. RBA1 bound
      to radial glia in newborn rat parietal cortex that are predominantly anti-GFAP
      negative. The RBA1-positive radial fibers disappeared by postnatal day 20 with
      the greatest rate of disappearance occurring between day 8 and day 15. Between
      birth and day 20, the anti-GFAP staining increased to the adult pattern in mature
      shaped astrocytes. Some overlay was observed between the binding patterns of the
      two antibodies. Stab wounds to cortical areas were made at a developmental time
      when there were normally no RBA1-positive astrocytes. RBA1-positivity was present
      in some astrocytes but only at the edges of the wounds. The distribution patterns
      of RBA1-positive cells led to hypotheses concerning the possible function of
      vimentin in astrocytes and its regulation during development and wounding.

PMID- 6383522
TI  - A monoclonal antibody against vimentin: characterization.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody was developed using rat cerebral cortex astrocytes purified
      in vitro as the antigenic material. Screening was done by labeling antibodies
      bound to cerebellum slices with fluorescent tagged secondary antibodies. The
      monoclonal antibody (RBA1) bound to intracellular filaments in all cells examined
      in culture. The coloration of tissue sections by RBA1 was identical to that
      described for polyclonal antibodies against the intermediate filament protein
      vimentin. In the brain this included binding to meninges, blood vessels,
      ependymal cells, choroid plexus lining cells and a subpopulation of astrocytes.
      The latter included Bergman glial fibers, white matter astrocytes and tanycytes.
      Muller cells in the retina and fibroblast-like cells in the skin, tongue and
      intestine were RBA1-positive. In immunoblots in which purified vimentin and
      desmin were run on SDS and transferred to nitrocellulose paper, RBA1 bound to
      vimentin but not desmin. When cultured astrocyte proteins were blotted, the
      antibody bound to both GFAP and vimentin, but no GFAP staining was observed in
      any of the tissue section staining. Purified vimentin blocked tissue and cultured
      cell binding of the antibody. Therefore RBA1 is considered to be an antibody
      specific for the intermediate filament protein vimentin.

PMID- 6383526
TI  - Sleep deficits in diabetic rats: restoration following chronic intravenous or
      intracerebroventricular infusions of insulin.
AB  - The role of insulin in sleep was investigated in the present study by using
      streptozotocin-induced insulin deficiency in rats. Our previous studies showed a
      selective increase in the daily duration of slow wave sleep following either
      peripheral or central administration of insulin in normal rats. We now report
      sleep deficits following the pharmacological destruction of pancreatic B insulin
      producing cells. The daily duration of both slow wave sleep (SWS) and paradoxical
      sleep (PS) were decreased on the third day following the injection of
      streptozotocin. However, only SWS remained lower than the control levels two
      weeks after the treatment whereas PS returned to normal values. The continuous
      intravenous infusion of exogenous insulin (2 IU per 24 hr) brought about a
      selective restoration of SWS in insulin-deficient and hyposomniac rats. A dose
      dependent restoration of SWS was also observed when exogenous insulin was
      continuously administered intracerebroventricularly in streptozotocin-treated
      diabetic rats. Although the mechanism of the induction of sleep by insulin
      remains to be elucidated, these results clearly support its hypnogenic
      properties. A possible direct action of insulin on brain cells is suggested.

PMID- 6383527
TI  - An incubation chamber for the simultaneous, on-slide treatment of brain sections
      with different reagents.
AB  - The design and use of a new microscope slide incubation chamber is described. The
      chief advantage of this device is that it allows the simultaneous incubation of
      tissue sections which are mounted on glass slides, either together with the same
      reagent, or individually with different reagents. Simple construction makes this
      chamber durable, reliable, and inexpensive. Advantages and disadvantages of this
      device, as well as, other published devices are discussed.

PMID- 6383529
TI  - [Register of the National Academy of Medicine as of 1 January 1984].

PMID- 6383524
TI  - Events governing organization of postmigratory neurons: studies on brain
      development in normal and reeler mice.
AB  - The purpose of the present work is to examine some of the mechanisms responsible
      for the early architectonic differentiation of the central nervous system, as
      well as for the abnormal development which occurs in certain hereditary
      malformations. In order to approach these questions, the embryonic development of
      the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum, the inferior olivary complex and the facial
      nerve nucleus has been studied in normal and reeler mutant mice, using
      morphological methods. The adult reeler phenotype is characterized not only by
      extreme laminar abnormalities of cell positioning in the telencephalic and
      cerebellar cortices, but also by relatively less extreme, though distinct
      abnormal architectonics in non-cortical structures such as the inferior olive and
      the facial nerve nucleus. Study of the embryonic development of these structures
      reveals that neurons are generated at the normal time and migrate along normal
      pathways. Moreover, the processes of directional axonal growth, differentiation
      of class specific features of neurons and glia, and synaptogenesis appear similar
      in both genotypes and are probably not directly affected by the reeler mutation.
      However, in all instances, the early architectonic organization achieved by
      reeler cortical, Purkinje, olivary or facial neurons at the end of their
      migration is consistently less regular than in normal embryos. In addition, these
      anomalies become amplified during the later developmental period. This evidence
      for the early appearance of abnormalities in reeler embryos indicates that the
      disposition of neurons at maturity cannot be exclusively regarded as secondary to
      the maturation of cells, neurites and connections, but is contingent upon a
      specific mechanism. One may infer that the presence of a normal allele at the
      reeler locus is necessary for the normal completion of this histogenetic step,
      which consequently is submitted to genetic control. Although the factor(s)
      responsible for the stable configuration of the early architectonics is unknown,
      various hypotheses are considered. Several lines of evidence are presented which
      argue against a major role being played by diffusible factors, mesodermal
      components and afferent fiber systems. Two mechanisms are considered particularly
      worth evaluating: (1) a diminution of relative adhesivity between neurons and
      radial glial fibers at the end of migration, and (2) a stabilization of neuronal
      configuration by selective recognition-adhesion among postmigratory neurons. The
      reeler gene could, directly or indirectly, affect these cell-cell
      interactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6383525
TI  - Local cerebral metabolic effects induced by nigral stimulation following
      ventromedial thalamic lesions. I: Basal ganglia and related motor structures.
AB  - The effects of unilateral electrical stimulation of the substantia nigra (SN)
      were mapped in the extrapyramidal system of conscious rats bearing ventromedial
      thalamic (VM) lesions, using the quantitative autoradiographic 14C-deoxyglucose
      method. SN-stimulation in VM-intact rats resulted in metabolic activation within
      the deep layer of superior colliculus, subthalamic nucleus, ventrolateral
      thalamus and sensory-motor cortex ipsilaterally, and bilaterally in the
      reticulata, compacta, centrolateral and ventromedial thalamus, striatum, globus
      pallidus and entopeduncular nucleus. SN-stimulation 8 days following ipsilateral
      VM-lesion, induced activation only within the ipsilateral compacta, subthalamic
      and entopeduncular nuclei and the globus pallidus and in addition, the reticulata
      bilaterally. However, SN-stimulation 30 days following VM-injury elicited
      bilateral metabolic activation in all the examined structures. It is concluded
      that the VM-thalamic nucleus mediates information from one SN to the ipsilateral
      motor cortex and striatum, as well as to the extrapyramidal components of the
      contralateral hemisphere. Moreover, due to the plasticity of the central nervous
      system, one month following the VM-lesion transmission of information from the SN
      to all the bilateral components of this network is reestablished.

PMID- 6383528
TI  - Two latent period processes in Limulus ventral photoreceptors.
AB  - The latent period of Limulus ventral photoreceptor potentials consists of two
      contiguous time segments, S1 and S2, which exhibit the following properties: (1)
      the duration of S1 is inversely dependent on the incident energy provided by the
      first stimulating light flash; (2) the duration of S1 is prolonged in the
      presence of GTP-gamma-S [guanosine-5'-0- (3-thiotriphosphate)] or papaverine; (3)
      the duration of S1 is abbreviated in the presence of sodium vanadate or
      chlorobutanol; (4) the duration of S2 is abbreviated by light adaptation; and (5)
      the duration of S2 is prolonged more than S1 in a low temperature environment.
      The existence of these two components of the Limulus ventral photoreceptor
      potential latent period is demonstrable both in dark adapted photoreceptors,
      using single constant intensity light pulses of varying duration, or in partially
      light adapted photoreceptors, using a stimulating conditioning pulse-test pulse
      sequence. On the basis of these results it is tentatively concluded that the two
      segments of the latent period of Limulus ventral photoreceptor potentials are
      occupied by different processes. The first process, occupying the S1 segment,
      generates a critical concentration of a photoproduct which, directly or
      indirectly, eventually alters the conductance of the active photoreceptor
      membrane. The second process, occupying the S2 segment, is concerned with the
      initiation of the SPFs which sum to produce the receptor potential. It is
      possible that the hydrolysis of GTP actively participates in the first process.

PMID- 6383531
TI  - [Dangers related to the practice of boxing].

PMID- 6383532
TI  - [Eulogy of Pierre Huard (1901-1983)].

PMID- 6383530
TI  - [Francois Magendie (1783-1855)].

PMID- 6383534
TI  - [The distribution of the use of addictive drugs according to the Sully Ledermann
      model].

PMID- 6383533
TI  - [The evolution of illegal drug addiction in France in the last decade].

PMID- 6383535
TI  - [Medical treatment of substance dependence].

PMID- 6383537
TI  - [The professional independence of physicians].

PMID- 6383536
TI  - [The rehabilitation of multiple-drug addicts in the "Patriarch" therapeutic
      communities].

PMID- 6383538
TI  - [The autonomy of man and the frontal lobe. I. Imitative behavior,
      neuropsychologic correlations and pathologic considerations of imitative and
      utilization behavior].

PMID- 6383540
TI  - [Eulogy of Marcel Guillot (1901-1983)].

PMID- 6383539
TI  - [Increase in serum trypsin activity, decrease in HDL cholesterol and atheroma in
      the chronic alcoholic].

PMID- 6383541
TI  - [The autonomy of man and the frontal lobe. II. Frontal lesions--pathologic
      considerations].

PMID- 6383542
TI  - [Water sterilization for medical and surgical uses].

PMID- 6383544
TI  - [Goals and perspectives of scientific research in medical parasitology in
      developing countries].

PMID- 6383543
TI  - [Sterile water in the operating room].

PMID- 6383545
TI  - [Clinical aspects of confirmed AIDS].

PMID- 6383546
TI  - [Generalized lymphadenopathy syndrome related to AIDS. Histopatholigic aspects of
      the lymph nodes].

PMID- 6383547
TI  - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: epidemiologic data in France and throughout
      the world].

PMID- 6383548
TI  - [Is suicide prevention still possible after the authorized publication of the
      book entitled: "Suicide--how to do it--history--technic--current status?"].

PMID- 6383549
TI  - [Perinatal impact of the use of forceps in posterior presentations].

PMID- 6383550
TI  - [Morphology and the identity of man].

PMID- 6383551
TI  - [Cultural identification and psychiatry].

PMID- 6383552
TI  - [Treatment of diabetes mellitus with insulin infusions].

PMID- 6383553
TI  - [Lipid peroxidation in human and experimental atherosclerosis].

PMID- 6383554
TI  - [Necrotaxis. Importance of its study in pathology and pharmacology].

PMID- 6383555
TI  - [Serratia marcescens, a model for hospital infection].

PMID- 6383556
TI  - [The dento-olivary pathway: demonstration, course and significance].

PMID- 6383557
TI  - [Results of treatment of cardiac arrest: interpretation using the catastrophy
      theory].

PMID- 6383558
TI  - [Chronic carbon monoxide poisoning in smokers. Results of a anti-smoking
      consultation within the scope of preventing cardiovascular diseases].

PMID- 6383559
TI  - [Questioning the responsibility of arachno-epiduritis in determining refractory
      lumbosciatica, following surgical intervention, saccoradiculography or intra
      spinal injections of corticoids].

PMID- 6383560
TI  - [Medicine and data processing].

PMID- 6383561
TI  - [Importance of the military Selective Service centers in assessing the health of
      young Frenchmen].

PMID- 6383563
TI  - [Counterfeiting molecules authorized as food additives to animal feed].

PMID- 6383562
TI  - [Preoperative detection of parathyroid masses in primary hyperparathyroidism
      using ultrasonic echography].

PMID- 6383565
TI  - [Thalassemias and other hemoglobinopathies in the Macedonian Socialist Republic
      (Yugoslavia)].

PMID- 6383566
TI  - [Denial of diplomas in homeopathy by medical schools].

PMID- 6383567
TI  - [Epidemiology of common joint diseases. Difficulties of their clinical and
      radiologic evaluation].

PMID- 6383564
TI  - [Comparative intestinal absorption of a mixture of milk protein hydrolysates and
      a mixture of free amino acids of the same composition administered to the
      conscious pig].

PMID- 6383568
TI  - [The social problem of deafness in France].

PMID- 6383569
TI  - [Artificial ventilation in the home of patients with a respiratory disorder of
      neurologic origin].

PMID- 6383570
TI  - [Remedicalization of psychiatry].

PMID- 6383571
TI  - [Orthoptics and its future perspectives].

PMID- 6383572
TI  - Application of fibrin glue to burns. Its haemostatic and skin transplant fixation
      effects in the excised wound.
AB  - Fibrin glue was clinically applied to the excised wound in 10 extensively burned
      patients, and its haemostatic and fixation effects on the isolated skin
      transplants were investigated. The following advantages resulted from the
      application of the fibrin glue: The haemostatic procedures and fixation of the
      isolated skin transplants were simplified. The quick and efficient haemostatic
      procedures considerably reduced the blood transfusion volume during and after the
      surgical procedures, by achieving a notable reduction in blood loss. Based on the
      above merits, the operation time was reduced and, eventually, the surgical stress
      might be alleviated. Satisfactory haemostatic effects were attained particularly
      in the limbs without supplemental haemostatic aids, leading us to conclude that
      the application of fibrin glue to the excised wound in burns is very useful.

PMID- 6383573
TI  - Adolescent abuse and the development of personal sense of control.
AB  - The link between adolescent abuse, the adolescent's psychological functioning,
      and locus of control orientation is explored. Maltreated adolescents experience
      such problems as low self-esteem, antisocial behavior, and suicidal tendencies.
      It is argued that the adolescent's locus of control orientation, deriving from
      his/her experiences in the home, may determine the extent to which the adolescent
      exhibits problematic behavior and personal maladjustment. Although locus of
      control in abused adolescents has not been investigated, studies show that
      individuals who experience the same types of problems evidenced by abused
      adolescents are more likely to have perceptions of external control. The nature
      of the relationship between locus of control and abuse may depend upon the
      duration of the abuse (i.e., long- versus short-term abuse). For example,
      adolescents who have experienced abusive behavior throughout childhood are
      expected to be more externally oriented than those adolescents who have been
      abused for a shorter time. Thus, long-term abused adolescents will be more likely
      to have perceptions of external control than nonabused adolescents, with short
      term abused adolescents falling in the middle. The distinction between short- and
      long-term abuse in the context of locus of control may be important to consider
      when designing treatment programs for abused adolescents.

PMID- 6383574
TI  - Adipocyte insulin-binding species: the 40 A Stoke's radius protein.
AB  - Several laboratories have demonstrated the presence of large (70 A) (1 A = 0.1
      nm) and small (40 A) insulin receptors. This report provides evidence that the 40
      A insulin receptor migrates on dodecyl sulfate - acrylamide gel electrophoresis
      as a 90 000 dalton protein and that this protein is a single polypeptide chain.
      125I-labeled insulin was bound to plasma membranes from isolated rat adipocytes.
      Following removal of unbound 125I-labeled insulin, the mixture was exposed to
      disuccinimidyl suberate. Proteins tagged with 125I-labeled insulin were separated
      by dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis or Sepharose 6B chromatography.
      Autoradiography of the gels demonstrated several large (relative mass (Mr)
      greater than 300 000) and one small (Mr approximately 90 000) labeled protein in
      nonreduced membrane proteins. Dithiothreitol reduction decreased the large
      insulin-binding species to its known subunits, but the 90 000 dalton protein did
      not decrease in size. Triton X-100 solubilized plasma membranes were separated by
      Sepharose 6B chromatography. One labeled protein, with Kav = 0.57 elution
      position, on dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis migrated as a 90 000 dalton
      protein. Thus, rat adipocyte plasma membranes contain both an oligomeric insulin
      binding species and a monomeric insulin-binding species. The relationship of the
      monomeric to the oligomeric insulin receptor is discussed.

PMID- 6383575
TI  - Brown adipose tissue thermogenesis, energy balance, and obesity.
AB  - The concept that thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue can play a role as an
      energy buffer has developed during the last 5 years. The history of this
      development is reviewed. Control of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis resides in
      regions of the brain, located primarily but not exclusively in the hypothalamus,
      that control the activity of the sympathetic nervous system in response to diet
      and to environmental temperature. Brown adipose tissue mitochondria are uniquely
      specialized for thermogenesis, possessing a specific proton leakage mechanism
      that is regulated by the concentration of fatty acids in the cells of the brown
      adipose tissue. The level of fatty acids is in turn controlled by the lipolytic
      action of noradrenaline on the tissue. Sympathetic stimulation also exerts a
      trophic influence on brown adipose tissue. Effective thermogenesis in brown
      adipose tissue is associated with leanness and decreased metabolic efficiency, as
      in the rat rendered hyperphagic and hypermetabolic, by either cold acclimation or
      cafeteria feeding. Conversely, food restriction is associated with suppressed
      thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue and increased metabolic efficiency.
      Defective brown adipose tissue thermogenesis is associated with obesity in a
      number of different types of obese animals. In three of these (the genetically
      obese fa/fa Zucker rat, the mouse with hypothalamic damage induced by gold
      thioglucose, the rat with a surgically induced hypothalamic lesion), diet-induced
      thermogenesis is defective in brown adipose tissue, but cold-induced
      thermogenesis is normal. In another type of obese animal, the genetically obese
      (ob/ob) mouse, control of brown adipose tissue is defective. Studies of this
      control are complicated by the frequency of torpor in the fed state.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6383576
TI  - Quantitative contribution of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis to overall
      metabolism.
AB  - Measurement of brown adipose tissue (BAT) blood flow coupled, when feasible, with
      measurement of the arteriovenous difference in oxygen across the tissue has been
      used to estimate the contribution of BAT thermogenesis to the metabolism of
      several species of laboratory, domestic, or wild mammals under various
      conditions: warm or cold exposure; arousal from hibernation; stimulation of
      metabolism by exogenous noradrenaline in warm- or cold-acclimated animals, in
      lean or obese animals, and in animals exhibiting high- or low-diet-induced
      thermogenesis. These studies have shown that in some species and under certain
      conditions BAT thermogenesis may account for as much as about one-third of the
      overall metabolic rate.

PMID- 6383577
TI  - Reproductive performance in dairy cows following postpartum treatment with
      gonadotrophin releasing hormone and/or prostaglandin: a field trial.
AB  - Three hundred and five Holstein Friesian cows were given either 250 micrograms
      gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) or saline on day 15 postpartum followed by
      500 micrograms cloprostenol or saline on day 24 postpartum. Four treatment groups
      were formed using random allocation: Group I -- placebo (Day 15)/placebo (Day
      24), Group II -- GnRH (Day 15)/placebo (Day 24), Group III -- placebo (Day
      15)/cloprostenol (Day 24), Group IV -- GnRH (Day 15)/cloprostenol (Day 24).
      Double blind techniques were used during the follow-up period. Rectal palpation,
      to assess uterine involution and ovarian activity was performed just prior to
      each treatment and again at 28 days postpartum. In addition blood samples were
      collected at 15, 24 and 28 days postpartum for measurement of plasma
      progesterone. There were no significant differences among treatment groups with
      respect to services per conception, number of heats detected before first service
      and culling for infertility. Cows treated only with GnRH had an increased calving
      to first estrus and calving to first breeding interval, and tended to have an
      increased calving to conception interval. Treatment with cloprostenol
      significantly decreased calving to conception and calving to first observed
      estrus intervals. Treatment with GnRH on day 15 postpartum resulted in a
      significant increase in the subsequent incidence of pyometra and prebreeding
      anestrus. On the other hand, cloprostenol treatment on day 24 postpartum resulted
      in a decreased incidence of pyometra, regardless of GnRH treatment and a
      decreased incidence of prebreeding anestrus in GnRH treated cows compared to cows
      receiving only GnRH at day 15 postpartum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6383580
TI  - Adjustable sutures: experimental assessment of final muscle position.
AB  - The likelihood of forward "creep" of muscles recessed with the use of adjustable
      loops of suture in the correction of strabismus was investigated. Twelve
      orthotropic dogs underwent both regular and loop recessions of the lateral and
      medial rectus muscles; the data for two of the dogs were excluded because of loss
      of muscles. Three months later it was found that in the majority of cases the
      recessed muscles had minimally advanced from the position of surgical placement.
      Although the type of recession made little difference to the results, the mean
      forward creep was much greater for the medial rectus muscles (1.55 +/- 0.68 mm [p
      less than 0.01] and 2.00 +/- 2.44 mm [p = 0.09] for those undergoing regular and
      loop recessions respectively) than for the lateral rectus muscles (0.35 +/- 0.58
      mm and 0.60 +/- 0.62 mm respectively). During the operations the amount of
      contraction of the medial rectus muscle had been noted to vary. It is likely that
      in some instances the tension on the suture loops was insufficient to hold them
      taut, and the muscles therefore adhered to the sclera at variable sites. Hence,
      adequate intrinsic muscle tone may be important for predictable clinical results
      of loop recession.

PMID- 6383578
TI  - The detection of canine autoantibodies to thyroid antigens by enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay, hemagglutination and indirect immunofluorescence.
AB  - Autoantibodies to thyroid antigens in serums from 34 clinically hypothyroid dogs
      were detected by various methods. Antibodies to thyroglobulin were detectable by
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 59%, by chromic chloride
      hemagglutination in 53% and by indirect immunofluorescence on formalin-fixed,
      paraffin-embedded, trypsin-digested thyroid tissue in 73% of samples. Antibody to
      thyroid microsomal antigen was detectable by ELISA in 29% of serums. Indirect
      immunofluorescence showed cytoplasmic fluorescence of thyroid follicular cells in
      several serums, however, this could not be confirmed as specific for microsomal
      antigen by absorption trials. Hemagglutination tests using commercially available
      tanned red cells coated with human antigens and indirect immunofluorescence
      assays on formalin-fixed tissue without trypsin digestion, on Bouin's fixed
      tissue, or on cryostat, methanol-fixed sections, were insensitive. Cryostat
      sections without methanol fixation were unsuitable due to tissue fragility. No
      method was recommended for routine diagnostic use. The ELISA test, because of its
      convenience, may be useful as a screening aid or adjunct to the diagnosis of
      thyroid disease.

PMID- 6383579
TI  - Intestinal carriage of Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella by chicken flocks at
      slaughter.
AB  - Campylobacter jejuni were isolated in large numbers from the majority of birds
      sampled in colonic swabs from 28 of 60 flocks at slaughter. By contrast only
      small numbers of birds from 11 of the same 60 flocks yielded Salmonella
      enteritidis serotypes. Three C. jejuni isolates from each flock were serotyped on
      the basis of their heat-stable antigens, using antisera prepared against 16
      serotypes common in Campylobacter diarrhea in man. The majority (72 of 83) of the
      chicken isolates could be serotyped.

PMID- 6383581
TI  - Tricarboxylate transport in a Cit+ Escherichia coli: evidence for the role of an
      outer membrane protein.
AB  - A strain of Escherichia coli of bovine origin able to use tricarboxylates as
      single carbon source is described. Tricarboxylate utilization (Cit+) and
      fluorocitrate sensitivity (FCs) could be transferred conjugatively to E. coli K12
      and were not plasmid borne. No evidence was found for tct gene products of
      Salmonella typhimurium. A citrate-inducible outer membrane protein of 21-22
      kilodaltons (kd) was found only in Cit+ strains. A protein (21-22kd) protein was
      also found in wild-type E. coli K12 and in fluorocitrate-resistant mutants of
      Cit+ strains, but it was present in a cryptic form no longer inducible by
      citrate. Fluorocitrate-resistant mutants of Cit+ strains were still able to
      transport citrate by a fluorocitrate-insensitive system. High levels of the 22-kd
      protein correlated with reduced growth induction times on citrate and with the
      ability to effectively transport citrate.

PMID- 6383582
TI  - Rapid screening for bacteriuria with a laser nephelometer.
AB  - Detection of significant bacteriuria with a laser nephelometer was evaluated in
      this study and compared with the results obtained by the quantitative loop
      method. We screened 1002 urine specimens and 220 (21.95%) were found to be
      positive at greater than or equal to 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU)/mL of urine
      by the standard method. Of the 220 positive specimens, 210 (95.4%) were detected
      in 6 h or less and 177 (80.4%) were detected within 3 h. The false-positive rate
      was 2.3% at 3 h and 19.7% at 6 h. These findings suggest that a 6-h procedure is
      necessary to detect 95% or more of significant bacteriuria. Laser nephelometer is
      versatile and can be used for rapid screening of bacteriuria.

PMID- 6383583
TI  - Infection and the use of antibiotics in Crohn's disease.
AB  - Many patients with Crohn's disease present with the complications of infection.
      Hence, antibiotics play an important role in the medical management of acute
      inflammatory disease, persistent perianal disease and as prophylaxis for surgical
      operations. The author's group has demonstrated that bacteria colonize the serosa
      of the bowel in patients with Crohn's disease in 27% of cases. Furthermore,
      pathogenic bacteria could be recovered from the lymph nodes in 33% of patients
      with Crohn's disease, compared with only 5% in a controlled population.
      Extraintestinal bacterial colonization was, therefore, present in approximately
      half of all patients requiring an operation for Crohn's disease. The principal
      bacteria isolated at these sites were Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis,
      Bacteroides fragilis, Proteus sp and diphtheroids. A prospective controlled trial
      on the use of 1 month's antimicrobial therapy in patients with relapse of Crohn's
      disease revealed that metronidazole was associated with a 57% response rate,
      compared with a response of only 17% in patients receiving no metronidazole.
      These interim findings suggest that metronidazole may have a role in the
      management of acute relapse in patients with Crohn's disease.

PMID- 6383585
TI  - Reminiscences of William Cone.

PMID- 6383584
TI  - W. V. Cone remembered.

PMID- 6383586
TI  - William Vernon Cone.

PMID- 6383588
TI  - Coronary artery surgery: who benefits?

PMID- 6383587
TI  - Unusual use of ultrasound in a paranoid patient.

PMID- 6383589
TI  - Successful antimicrobial therapy of hepatic, intra-abdominal and intrapelvic
      abscesses.
AB  - Antimicrobial therapy without surgical drainage or therapeutic aspiration was
      effective in the management of four patients with deep abscesses ranging in
      diameter from 1.3 to 10.0 cm. Two of the patients had multiple hepatic abscesses,
      one had hepatic, intra-abdominal and intrapelvic abscesses, and one had an
      intrapelvic abscess alone. Anaerobic bacteria were isolated from the blood or
      abscesses in all four patients, and an aerobic-anaerobic infection was present in
      one patient. The patients were treated with metronidazole, alone or in
      combination with other antibiotics, for 3 to 6 weeks. Therefore, in selected
      patients with deep abscesses, a therapeutic trial of antimicrobial agents instead
      of surgery may be justified.

PMID- 6383590
TI  - New light on Dr. John Richardson.

PMID- 6383591
TI  - Adjuvant BCG immunotherapy for malignant melanoma.
AB  - A total of 199 patients with stage I malignant melanoma at Clark's level 3 to 5
      of invasion were entered into a prospectively controlled randomized clinical
      trial that attempted to assess the value of local and systemic immunotherapy with
      BCG (bacille Calmette-Guerin) after surgery. The patients were randomly assigned,
      with stratification by Clark's level, to receive either routine follow-up or
      immunotherapy with BCG, administered intradermally with a Heaf gun around the
      site of wide excision and then given orally for 2 years. Intradermal
      administration of BCG was repeated after 1 year's oral therapy with BCG. Of the
      99 patients in the treatment group 66 had Clark's level 3, 28 had level 4, and 5
      had level 5 invasion. Of the 100 patients in the control group, 61 had level 3,
      36 had level 4, and 3 had level 5 invasion. Other prognostic factors, such as
      sex, depth of invasion, histologic features, site of disease and type of surgery,
      were evenly distributed. There were 57 recurrences of the melanoma, 24 in the
      treatment group and 33 in the control group. However, this trend was not
      statistically significant (p = 0.194). The suggestion that BCG may reduce the
      likelihood of local/regional recurrence has not been confirmed with longer follow
      up. There were 13 such recurrences in the BCG group, compared with 21 in the
      control group; the proportions of patients in each group who had such a
      recurrence were not significantly different. Of the 199 patients 41 died, 24 in
      the control group and 17 in the treatment group; again, this difference was not
      significant. While there may be minor activity in selected patients, there
      appeared to be no benefit from this form of adjuvant BCG therapy in patients with
      malignant melanoma.

PMID- 6383592
TI  - Osler's first medical publications.

PMID- 6383593
TI  - [Fluoridated mouthwashes as a preventive measure in community health: review
      article].

PMID- 6383595
TI  - Malignant lymphoma of the uterine cervix.
AB  - Three patients with primary malignant lymphoma of the uterine cervix are reported
      and the literature is reviewed. All of the patients in the current cases
      presented with irregular menstruation. Two patients were found to have diffuse
      histiocytic lymphoma, and one patient had diffuse mixed lymphoma. Histologic
      diagnosis was confirmed by outside expert pathologists in all cases. In spite of
      locally advanced disease according to FIGO's classification (Stage IVA-2 and
      Stage IIB-1), they responded well to external irradiation, and had control of
      tumor within the pelvis. All are alive at 13, 7, and 3 years, respectively, after
      the completion of irradiation. One patient developed disseminated disease 4.25
      years after the completion of external irradiation, but was successfully treated
      with combination chemotherapy for 2 years, and is alive at 6.75 years after the
      completion of chemotherapy without disease. Review of the other 21 cases reported
      in the literature reveals that 14 were free of disease after treatment. The
      importance of distinguishing malignant lymphoma from undifferentiated carcinoma
      or sarcoma is emphasized since cervical malignant lymphoma can be successfully
      treated with irradiation in spite of locally advanced disease.

PMID- 6383594
TI  - A trial of razoxane (ICRF-159) in patients with prior therapy for Hodgkin's
      lymphoma.
AB  - Razoxane (ICRF-159) was administered to 11 patients with Stage IV nodular
      sclerosing Hodgkin's lymphoma. A weekly schedule was employed with a starting
      dose of 1000 mg/m2 in divided doses. The dose was escalated up to 2000 mg/m2
      weekly as tolerated. One objective partial remission was observed. The toxicity
      of the program was quite tolerable. Further trials of razoxane in this situation
      are not recommended.

PMID- 6383596
TI  - Endocrine carcinoma intermediate cell type of the uterine cervix.
AB  - Nine cases of endocrine carcinoma, intermediate-cell type of the uterine cervix,
      were found in a study of 404 cases listed in the files of the University of Texas
      M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute at Houston as adenocarcinoma of the
      cervix. Based on light microscopic patterns, these cases were divided into pure
      endocrine carcinoma (six cases), and endocrine carcinoma mixed with
      adenocarcinoma (three cases). All tumors were 3 cm or larger in at least one
      dimension. On light microscopic examination, the predominant pattern was
      trabecular; however, insular, glandular, and spindle patterns were also
      identified. Argyrophilic granules were demonstrated in all cases by Grimelius
      stain, and Fontana-Masson (argentaffin) stain was negative. Electron microscopic
      examination of three cases showed membrane-bound, dense-core granules of the
      neurosecretory type. Although no endocrine symptoms were found, immunoperoxidase
      studies demonstrated 5-hydroxytryptamine in seven cases, substance P in three,
      vasointestinal polypeptide in two, pancreatic polypeptide in one, and
      somatostatin in one. Clinical behavior of these tumors was extremely aggressive.
      Although five cases were Stage IB at presentation, two Stage IIB, one Stage IIIB,
      and one Stage IV, 87.5% of these patients died of their neoplasms within 3 years.
      This study emphasizes the importance of correctly diagnosing endocrine carcinoma,
      intermediate-cell type in the uterine cervix, because of the poor prognosis of
      this tumor when compared with adenocarcinoma of the cervix.

PMID- 6383597
TI  - Energy expenditure estimation in recipients of marrow transplants.
AB  - The resting metabolic expenditure of seven allogeneic marrow transplant patients
      supported by total parenteral nutrition was monitored by respiratory indirect
      calorimetry using a portable apparatus with a plexiglass canopy. The averaged
      measurements of resting metabolic expenditure using indirect calorimetry were
      highly correlated with calculated basal energy expenditures, ideal body weights,
      fat-free weights, and actual body weights. No consistent correlation was
      demonstrated between resting metabolic expenditure and body temperature. It is
      concluded that indirect calorimetry using a portable system is feasible and that
      measurements of energy expenditure so obtained correlate well with calculated
      estimates employing the basal energy expenditure equation.

PMID- 6383599
TI  - Hospice legislation: a new trial.

PMID- 6383598
TI  - Effect of hypolipidemic peroxisome proliferators on unscheduled DNA synthesis in
      cultured hepatocytes and on mutagenesis in Salmonella.
AB  - The peroxisome proliferators Wy-14,643, BR-931, nafenopin and ciprofibrate were
      tested in the primary hepatocyte culture-unscheduled DNA synthesis assay and in
      the Ames Salmonella microsome mutagenicity assay. The amount of unscheduled DNA
      synthesis (UDS) in hepatocytes was determined by quantifying the amount of
      [3H]thymidine incorporated into DNA in the presence of hydroxyurea after
      isolation of nuclei from hepatocytes treated with the test agent. Wy-14,643 and
      BR-931 induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat hepatocytes, whereas nafenopin
      and ciprofibrate had no effect. All of the peroxisome proliferators were negative
      in the Ames Salmonella assay.

PMID- 6383600
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to antigens associated with transitional cell carcinoma of
      the human urinary bladder. I. Determination of the selectivity of six antibodies
      by cell ELISA and immunofluorescence.
AB  - Spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with cells derived from transitional cell
      carcinomas (TCC) of the human urinary bladder were fused with mouse myeloma Sp
      2/0 Ag14 cells. Monoclonal antibodies from six established hybridomas were
      investigated for specificity in a cell ELISA and in indirect immunofluorescence
      against a large panel of fixed intact cells. Three of the antibodies reacted with
      half or more of the eight bladder tumors and with a few unrelated tumors. They
      did not react at all with malignant or normal cells of hematopoietic origin. A
      fourth antibody reacted with seven of eight bladder tumors. It also reacted
      weakly with a prostatic carcinoma, with five of six malignant or transformed B
      cell lines, and with a subpopulation of normal lymphocytes, but not with any of
      the other cells on the test panel. These four antibodies did not react with cells
      derived from normal urothelium. The results suggest that these antibodies might
      recognize cell-type-restricted antigens associated with malignancy. Another
      antibody reacted with almost all urothelium-derived cells. It also reacted with
      three of three melanomas but not with any other cells on the panel. The sixth
      antibody reacted with 32 of the 37 cells tested. The spectrum of reactivities
      displayed by the antibody suggested that it recognizes HLA antigens.

PMID- 6383601
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to antigens associated with transitional cell carcinoma of
      the human urinary bladder. II. Identification of the cellular target structures
      by immunoprecipitation and SDS-PAGE analysis.
AB  - The cellular target structures for six monoclonal antibodies raised against
      cultured human bladder carcinoma cells (TCC) were investigated. The specificities
      of these antibodies when tested against a large panel of cells have been
      described in the companion paper. Radiolabeled cell lysates were precipitated
      with the different monoclonal antibodies bound to protein A (Staphylococcus
      aureus) on a matrix of Sepharose beads. The precipitates were separated by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate- gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and analyzed by autoradiography.
      The antibodies 4B5, 7E9, and 14B11 have previously been found to react in a
      similar way with TCC-targets and some non-TCC tumor cells, but not with normal
      urothelial cells or cells of hematopoietic origin. When tested with lysates of a
      TCC-cell line (TCCSuP) a strong 92K band and a weak 23K band were precipitated
      with any one of these antibodies. These polypeptides were expressed on the cell
      surface and were not linked by disulfide bonds. Depletion experiments confirmed
      that the three antibodies recognized the same antigens. Another antibody (4E8)
      probably directed to a differentiation antigen present on both urothelial and
      melanoma cells detected two high molecular polypeptides, 190K and 170K.
      Antibodies from the S2C6 hybridoma, which displayed a distinct dual specificity
      for TCC- targets and for malignant or transformed cells of B cell origin,
      precipitated a 50K component from extracts of either TCC- or B cell-derived cell
      lines. Antibodies produced by the S2A9 hybridoma were shown to bind to a
      framework epitope of the HLA-A, B, C heavy chain.

PMID- 6383603
TI  - Role of adjuvant chemotherapy in the management of patients with soft tissue
      sarcomas.

PMID- 6383602
TI  - Activity of antibodies recovered from immune complexes of ovarian cancer
      patients.
AB  - Ascites fluids from ovarian cancer patients contain immune complexes (IC).
      Attempts were made to characterize those antigens to which the patient is
      reacting using antibody recovered from these complexes. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)
      precipitation and protein A Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography were used to
      isolate IC. Dissociation of the IC was achieved by G-150 gel filtration in 0.1 M
      acetic acid, 0.15 M NaCl. Activity of antibody preparations was measured using a
      binding assay with 125I-labeled staphylococcal protein A. Confluent monolayers of
      various cell lines (including human ovarian and cervical carcinoma lines, human
      lymphoblastoid cell lines, human and chick embryo fibroblasts) were used. Six of
      nine antibody preparations isolated from ovarian cancer patient IC contained at
      least some reactivity against all cell types. Specificity was further defined
      using cell adsorption assays and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These
      results indicate what appears to be autoreactivity directed against a normal
      component(s) of many cells. No evidence for an ovarian cancer-restricted response
      was shown. Immunoprecipitation analyses showed several polypeptide bands on
      autoradiograms (49K, 46K, 33K, 25K), which deviated distinctly from the pattern
      obtained for whole cell extracts.

PMID- 6383604
TI  - Prospective randomized trials demonstrating the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy
      in adult patients with soft tissue sarcomas.

PMID- 6383605
TI  - Phase I clinical and pharmacologic trial of carboplatin daily for 5 days.
AB  - Twenty-two patients with refractory tumors received 64 courses of iv bolus
      carboplatin every day X 5, every 4-5 weeks. All patients are evaluable for
      toxicity and 18 are evaluable for response. For solid tumor phase II studies, a
      dose of 77 mg/m2/day X 5 is recommended for patients who have received prior
      chemotherapy. Patients with no prior chemotherapy experience should receive 99
      mg/m2/day X 5. The major dose-limiting side effect is dose-related
      thrombocytopenia. Courses of carboplatin on this schedule should be repeated
      every 5 weeks to avoid cumulative wbc count toxicity, since leukopenia frequently
      did not occur until Day 28. Other toxic effects observed were nausea and vomiting
      and lower-extremity myalgias and arthralgias. There was no evidence of hearing
      loss, mucosal damage, or changes in liver or renal function tests of any patient
      while in this study. Therapeutic responses were seen in four patients: one
      partial response in renal cancer of 9+ months' duration; one partial response in
      head and neck cancer of 7+ months' duration; and objective responses in melanoma
      and colorectal carcinoma of 6 months' duration.

PMID- 6383606
TI  - Double hemibody irradiation in chemotherapy-resistant multiple myeloma.
AB  - Seven patients with high-mass multiple myeloma resistant to chemotherapy were
      treated by double hemibody irradiation (DHI). The total-body myeloma cell mass
      decreased from 38% to 80% for the five patients who received a complete
      treatment. Pain and performance status were improved. Hematological toxicity was
      severe, and one patient died after 3 months from marrow aplasia. Survival from 3
      to greater than 19 months was obtained after the completion of DHI. According to
      our experiment, DHI can be considered as a treatment of last resort for resistant
      multiple myeloma.

PMID- 6383607
TI  - Peripheral venous pulsatility detected by Doppler method for diagnosis of right
      heart failure.
AB  - This study shows that peripheral venous flow detected by Doppler ultrasound
      becomes synchronously pulsatile with heart beats as soon as central venous
      pressure (CVP) is above 7 mm Hg. CVP was above 7 mm Hg in 13 among 46 patients.
      Clinical signs of right heart failure were detectable in only 7 of these 13
      patients (sensitivity 54%), whereas peripheral venous flow was pulsatile in 12 of
      them (sensitivity 92%). In 4 patients with a normal CVP, peripheral venous flow
      was also pulsatile; all of them suffered from valvular heart disease with left
      ventricle ejection fraction below 60% in 3 of them. The detection of a pulsative
      peripheral venous blood flow constitutes an early sign of right heart failure,
      more sensitive than clinical evaluation, and probably even more than CVP.

PMID- 6383608
TI  - Mycotic aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva due to Eikenella corrodens bacterial
      endocarditis.
AB  - A patient with a left sinus of Valsalva aneurysm secondary to bacterial
      endocarditis involving an unusual pathogen, Eikenella corrodens, is presented.
      This case and a review of previous reports on mycotic sinus of Valsalva aneurysm
      are analyzed. The distinctive M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiographic
      patterns of a sinus of Valsalva aneurysm as well as the usefulness and
      limitations of echocardiography in this condition are discussed. This rare
      complication of bacterial endocarditis can be diagnosed and clinically followed
      by serial echocardiographic studies, and its presence alone does not necessitate
      surgical intervention.

PMID- 6383609
TI  - The current status of polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine.

PMID- 6383610
TI  - Phenytoin revisited.
AB  - Phenytoin has a wide range of pharmacologic effects other than its anticonvulsant
      activity. It has been the subject of more than 8,000 published papers, which
      include clinical reports of its usefulness in approximately 100 diseases and
      symptoms. In the United States the only indications for use in the official
      labeling for phenytoin are various types of seizures. An advisory committee of
      the Food and Drug Administration recently recommended the addition of certain
      cardiac arrhythmias to the labeling. To determine whether other uses should be
      added to the labeling and whether additional clinical trials should be
      encouraged, an in-depth review of the published literature was undertaken. This
      review revealed that, on the basis of controlled studies, phenytoin is probably
      useful in the continuous muscle fiber activity syndrome, myotonic muscular
      dystrophy, and myotonia congenita. In addition, phenytoin appears to be
      potentially useful in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, intermittent
      explosive disorder, anxiety disorder in which anger and irritability are
      prominent features, and, topically, in burns and refractory skin ulcers.
      Additional clinical studies are needed before definitive conclusions can be
      drawn. Clinical trials of phenytoin in most of these disorders are ongoing or are
      contemplated. Any labeling changes will await results of the studies. Based on
      phenytoin's pharmacologic effects in animals, controlled trials of the drug
      appear to be warranted in cerebral ischemia and stroke, spinal cord injury,
      angina pectoris, and fractures in which the rate of healing is poor.

PMID- 6383611
TI  - Overview of patient compliance with medication dosing: a literature review.
AB  - The literature was reviewed in an effort to relate frequency of dosing and other
      influences with patient compliance in medication taking. Once-a-day and twice-a
      day regimens were associated with significantly better compliance (73% and 70%,
      respectively) than were three-times-daily (52%) and four-times-daily (42%)
      regimens. Compliance is not related to income, social class, occupation, or
      educational background, and it cannot be accurately predicted by physicians.
      Unintentional errors in taking medication are made by 50% to 90% of patients.

PMID- 6383612
TI  - Treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis with a 500-mg vaginal tablet of
      clotrimazole.
AB  - A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial compared the efficacy and safety of
      a new one-dose clotrimazole regimen and placebo. Twenty-six patients with
      clinically and mycologically proven vulvovaginal candidiasis received either a
      500-mg tablet of clotrimazole or a placebo. Follow-up visits were performed
      approximately one week and one month after treatment. Efficacy was evaluated in
      23 patients. There was a highly significant difference in clinical and
      mycological responses to the two regimens (P = 0.0001, Fisher's exact test). Nine
      (90%) of the ten patients in the clotrimazole group showed mycological and
      clinical clearance of infection one month after treatment, while all 13 patients
      who had received placebo were classified as treatment failures at the first
      follow-up visit and were dropped from the study at this point. No patients
      experienced adverse effects attributable to clotrimazole or the placebo. The
      findings indicate that a single 500-mg tablet of clotrimazole is effective and
      safe in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis and suggest that the efficacy and
      safety of the one-dose regimen are comparable to those of more prolonged courses
      with the 100-mg tablet of clotrimazole. The convenient one-dose regimen promises
      to eliminate the widespread problem of patient noncompliance, especially when the
      tablet is inserted by the physician at the time of diagnosis.

PMID- 6383613
TI  - Clinical efficacy of cefoperazone in obstetric and gynecologic infections.
AB  - Compared with second-generation cephalosporins, cefoperazone, a third-generation
      cephalosporin, has demonstrated an extended antibacterial spectrum. In addition,
      it has a long serum half-life and requires only twice-a-day administration. In
      this study, 66 patients with clinically diagnosed obstetric and gynecologic
      infections were treated with cefoperazone, and 61 were evaluated for efficacy. An
      overall cure rate of 93% (57 patients) was achieved. In view of the excellent
      clinical response and convenience of twice-a-day administration, we conclude that
      cefoperazone is a clinically useful single agent for the initial empirical
      treatment of patients with obstetric and gynecologic infections.

PMID- 6383614
TI  - A randomized clinical trial of adjuvant chemotherapy after resection in patients
      with stomach cancer.
AB  - A study group including 55 institutions in Japan evaluated the effect of adjuvant
      cyclophosphamide therapy on 461 patients who had undergone curative resection for
      stomach cancer. Patients, who were followed up for over three years, were
      randomly divided into three groups: curative resection and long-term drug
      therapy; curative resection and short-term drug therapy; and curative resection
      and no drug therapy. Long-term therapy consisted of (a) twice-weekly intravenous
      doses of 500 mg of cyclophosphamide for four weeks and, after five weeks with no
      medication, (b) 100 mg/day, given orally, for 40 days and, after ten weeks with
      no medication, (c) 100 mg/day, given orally, for 40 days. Short-term therapy
      consisted of only the first course of therapy (ie, twice-weekly intravenous doses
      of 500 mg for four weeks). The effect of cyclophosphamide differed, depending on
      the patients' levels of serosal and lymph node invasion: Short-term therapy was
      more effective in patients with lymph node involvement, and long-term therapy was
      more effective in patients with serosal involvement.

PMID- 6383615
TI  - Captopril and oxprenolol in a fixed combination with thiazide diuretics:
      comparison of their antihypertensive efficacy and metabolic effects.
AB  - After receiving placebo for two weeks, 20 patients with essential hypertension
      were randomly divided into two groups. Those in group 1 received a combination of
      25 mg of captopril (CPT) and 25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) BID. Those in
      group 2 received a combination of 80 mg of oxprenolol (OXP) and 10 mg of
      chlorthalidone (CHLT) BID. Patients whose recumbent diastolic blood pressure was
      less than 95 mmHg after four weeks of treatment continued with the same regimen
      for six more weeks, while the dosages were doubled for nonresponders. All the
      patients in group 1 had satisfactory blood pressure readings after the first four
      weeks of therapy; six patients in group 2 required double dosages to control
      their blood pressure. Both drug combinations reduced patients' recumbent systolic
      blood pressure, but CPT + HCT reduced their diastolic and standing systolic blood
      pressure more effectively. Doubling the dosages of OXP + CHLT was only slightly
      more effective in controlling patients' blood pressure. In addition, patients who
      received CPT + HCT showed a significant decrease in serum sodium level, whereas
      patients who received the double dosages of OXP + CHLT showed a significant
      increase in serum cholesterol and creatinine levels. The data suggest that low
      dosages of CPT + HCT control blood pressure more effectively than high dosages of
      OXP + CHLT and, in addition, do not have any negative metabolic effects.

PMID- 6383616
TI  - Betamethasone sodium phosphate injection: high-dose regimen in septic shock.
AB  - An intravenous bolus of betamethasone, at an approximate dosage of 3 mg/kg, was
      administered to 20 patients with septic shock. Treatment was repeated every four
      to six hours for periods ranging from 18 to 64 hours. Concomitant therapy
      included antibiotics in all patients and surgery in 10 patients. An additional
      patient underwent surgery after the conclusion of therapy. Clinical improvement
      was apparent within four hours after initiation of study medication in 14 (70%)
      patients. In the remaining six patients, improvement was observed no later than
      eight hours after the initial dose of the study agent. Reversal of shock was
      achieved in all patients, at which time treatment was discontinued. Tolerance to
      the study medication was excellent. No local or systemic adverse effects
      occurred.

PMID- 6383617
TI  - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and pathways in the rat brain.
AB  - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and their pathways in the rat brain
      were localized by immunocytochemistry in 6- to 18-day-old female animals, by use
      of thick frozen or vibratome sections, and silver-gold intensification of the
      diaminobenzidine reaction product. GnRH-immunoreactive perikarya were observed in
      the following regions: olfactory bulb and tubercle, vertical and horizontal limbs
      of the diagonal band of Broca, medial septum, medial preoptic and suprachiasmatic
      areas, anterior and lateral hypothalamus, and different regions of the
      hippocampus (indusium griseum, Ammon's horn). In addition to the known GnRH
      pathways (preoptico-terminal, preoptico-infundibular, periventricular), we also
      observed GnRH-immunopositive processes in several major tracts and areas of the
      brain, including the medial and cortical amygdaloid complex, stria terminalis,
      stria medullaris thalami, fasciculus retroflexus, medial forebrain bundle,
      indusium griseum, stria longitudinalis medialis and lateralis, hippocampus,
      periaqueductal gray of the mesencephalon, and extracerebral regions, such as the
      lamina cribrosa, nervus terminalis and its associated ganglia. By use of the
      silver-gold intensification method we present Golgi-like images of GnRH perikarya
      and their pathways. The possible distribution of efferents from each GnRH cell
      group is discussed.

PMID- 6383618
TI  - Effects of prolonged maternal fast on the pancreas of 18-21-day-old foetal rats.
      Ultrastructural and morphometric study of the beta cells.
AB  - After maternal fasting for 72 h the pancreatic beta cells of 18-day-old foetal
      rats show a conspicuous enrichment in secretory material, with an increase of
      pancreatic insulin concentration and a marked development of the rough
      endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. The morphometric analysis shows
      that the intracytoplasmic migration of the secretory granules is inhibited,
      principally inside the cell web. Consequently the number of secretory granules
      fused with plasma membrane decreases and this is associated with a decreased
      foetal plasma insulin. The difference in the ultrastructural aspect of the beta
      cells of foetuses from fasting mothers and of foetuses from fed mothers is less
      conspicuous at 19 days of gestation and progressively disappears at 20 and 21
      days. The modifications in ultrastructural aspect and in functional state are
      discussed.

PMID- 6383619
TI  - Granulated folliculo-stellate cells and growth hormone cells immunostained with
      anti-S 100 protein serum in the pituitary glands of the goat.
AB  - Goat pituitary glands were immunohistochemically studied with antisera for bovine
      S-100 protein, rat LH beta, FSH, TSH beta, prolactin, ovine GH, and porcine ACTH1
      39 by use of the superimposition technique on adjacent sections. Folliculo
      stellate (F-S) cells were divided into two categories on the basis of
      ultrastructural properties: One consisted of a mass of agranular cells in which
      the pseudolumina were equipped with microvilli and cilia. Elongate gap junctions
      were often observed among these cells. The other was a group of granulated cells
      with or without pseudolumina. In this group the gap junctions were shown to be
      disintegrated. The dense granules 150-250 nm in diameter began to accumulate in
      the cells. However, neither type of these F-S cells was immunostained for S-100
      protein. On the other hand, numerous polygonal, elongate, irregular or stellate
      cells containing S-100 protein were distributed throughout the gland. Most of
      them were immunohistochemically identical with the GH cells laden with the
      secretory granules 250-450 nm in diameter, but some of them were identical to TSH
      and prolactin cells which immunostained faintly for S-100 protein. This appears
      to be the first demonstration of GH cells intensely immunostained for S-100
      protein.

PMID- 6383620
TI  - Catecholamine-containing pancreatic islet cells of the domestic fowl. Light,
      fluorescence and electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry.
AB  - In an attempt to identify pancreatic islet cells emitting formaldehyde-induced
      fluorescence (FIF), the pancreatic islets of the domestic fowl were studied by
      combined fluorescence, ultrastructural, silver-impregnation and
      immunohistochemical methods in the same section or in consecutive semi-thin and
      ultra-thin sections. The results indicate that islet cells emitting intense FIF
      exhibit a strongly argyrophil reaction with the Grimelius' silver method and also
      immunohistochemical reaction with anti-glucagon serum, but not with anti-5-HT
      serum. Therefore, the fowl islet A cell, a peptide hormone-producing cell, stores
      simultaneously catecholamine as biogenic amine. The islet B and D cells did not
      display any FIF, any argyrophil reaction with the Grimelius' silver method, or
      any immunoreactivity with anti-glucagon or anti-5-HT sera. The fluorescent but
      non-argyrophil cells dispersed in the exocrine acinus may well be PP cells.

PMID- 6383622
TI  - Ultrastructural evidence for the presence of a glial sheath investing the islets
      of Langerhans in the pancreas of mammals.
AB  - Ultrastructural evidence is presented for a peri-insular glial or Schwann cell
      sheath surrounding islets of Langerhans in different mammals. The sheath covers
      substantial areas of the islet periphery. In the sand rat (Psammomys obesus)
      there are islets where 1/2 to 3/4 of the surface is invested by a virtually
      continuous glial sheath. Usually the sheath covers one of the poles of the islets
      and is thus differentiated from the peri-insular connective tissue and pancreatic
      acini. The sheath is composed of long, exceptionally thin outgrowths of single
      satellite cells located at the periphery of the islets. The sheath is a monolayer
      and, along the course of continuous tracts, its width never exceeds 20-40 nm,
      hence its more adequate demonstration by methods that increase the electron
      density of the intercellular spaces. Previous descriptions of glial sheaths
      surrounding single endocrine cells in the islets represent only a fragment of the
      peri-insular sheath. The islet satellite cells differ significantly from those of
      autonomic ganglia but resemble more closely those found in extramedullary
      paraganglia.

PMID- 6383621
TI  - Immunocytochemical mapping of gastrin/CCK-like peptides in the neuroendocrine
      system of the blowfly Calliphora vomitoria (Diptera).
AB  - The distribution of gastrin/CCK-like immunoreactive material has been studied in
      the retrocerebral complex of Calliphora. The material reacts with antisera
      specific for the common COOH terminus of gastrin and CCK but not with N-terminal
      antisera. The three thoracic ganglia and the fused abdominal ganglia each contain
      a specific number of symmetrically arranged immunoreactive cells both dorsally
      and ventrally in pairs on either side of the midline in a sagittal plane. The
      neuropil of these ganglia also contains a considerable amount of immunoreactive
      fibres and droplets. Reconstructed axonal pathways suggest that some of the nerve
      fibres have their origins within the brain and/or the suboesophageal ganglion.
      Immunoreactive material may also be seen apparently leaving the thoracic ganglion
      posteriorly via the abdominal nerves, and there is strong evidence of a
      neurohaemal organ within the dorsal sheath in the region of the metathoracic and
      abdominal ganglia. There appears to be a direct correlation between the content
      of peptidergic material of cells and fibres and the age and diet of the flies.
      The corpus cardiacum contains COOH-terminal specific gastrin/CCK-like material
      within the intrinsic cells and in the neuropil. It is present also in the cardiac
      recurrent nerve entering the corpus cardiacum anteriorly and in the nerves
      leaving the gland dorsoposteriorly, the aortic or cardiac nerves. It is not
      observed, however, in the nerves leaving the corpus cardiacum ventroposteriorly,
      the so-called oesophageal, gastric or crop-duct nerves. The corpus allatum and
      the hypocerebral ganglion do not contain immunoreactive material of this type.
      Gastrin/CCK-like and secretin-like immunoreactive materials appear to co-exist in
      the cells of the corpus cardiacum and co-existence of gastrin/CCK-like and
      pancreatic polypeptide-like substances occurs within certain cells of the
      thoracic ganglion.

PMID- 6383624
TI  - Subcellular distribution of ribosomal proteins S6 and eL12. Analysis by
      autoradiography and immunofluorescence of sections from oocytes of Xenopus
      laevis.
AB  - The process of ribosome assembly in eukaryotes was studied by injecting tritium
      labeled ribosomal proteins S6 and eL12 into oocytes of Xenopus laevis. The
      subcellular distribution of the two proteins was visualized by means of
      autoradiography in sections of oocytes. Protein S6 but not eL12 was found in the
      nucleus where it accumulated at the nucleoli. In the presence of actinomycin D
      the accumulation of S6 at the nucleoli was reduced. In-situ immunofluorescence
      studies indicated that S6 is located at the nucleoli and eL12 exclusively in the
      cytoplasm. It appears that S6 is involved in the early ribosomal assembly process
      at the nucleoli, whereas eL12 is restricted to the cytoplasm where it is
      incorporated into 60S ribosomal subunits in a late assembly step.

PMID- 6383623
TI  - Immunocytochemical evidence for the presence of oxytocin and neurophysin in the
      large cells of the bovine corpus luteum.
AB  - The presence of neurophysin, oxytocin and vasopressin in the bovine corpus luteum
      was examined immunocytochemically. Tissue blocks of corpora lutea from pregnant
      and non-pregnant animals were fixed with glutaraldehyde/paraformaldehyde fixative
      and immunostained by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. The simultaneous
      presence of immunoreactive oxytocin and immunoreactive oxytocin-neurophysin was
      demonstrated in large luteal cells of non-pregnant animals, while no staining for
      vasopressin or vasopressin-neurophysin was observed. None of the peptides were
      detected in the corpus luteum of pregnant animals. The small luteal cells were
      not found to be stainable at any time.

PMID- 6383625
TI  - FMRF-amide-like immunoreactivity in brain and pituitary of the hagfish Eptatretus
      burgeri (Cyclostomata).
AB  - Paraffin sections of brain and pituitary of the hagfish Eptatretus burgeri were
      immunostained with an antiserum to FMRF-amide. Immunoreactivity was visible in a
      large number of neurons in the posterior part of the ventromedial hypothalamus
      and in long neuronal processes extending cranially from the hypothalamus to the
      olfactory system and caudally to the medulla oblongata. FMRF-amide-like
      immunoreactivity was also found in cells of the adenohypophysis. These
      observations suggest that the hagfish possesses a brain FMRF-amide-like
      transmitter system and pituitary cells containing FMRF-amide-like material.
      Antisera to ACTH, alpha-MSH and pancreatic polypeptide gave no immunoreaction in
      hagfish brain or pituitary.

PMID- 6383626
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of dopamine in the brain of the insect Locusta
      migratoria migratorioides in comparison with the catecholamine distribution
      determined by the histofluorescence technique.
AB  - As part of a follow-up study to our previous investigation of the
      catecholaminergic neurosecretory cells in the brain of adult female locusts
      (Locusta migratoria migratorioides) by means of the formaldehyde-induced
      fluorescence method, we have attempted to specify the identity of the amines
      present in these cells by an immunohistological technique. Using a recently
      developed anti-dopamine serum, we have demonstrated that the majority of the
      catecholaminergic median neurosecretory cells contain dopamine. Moreover,
      dopamine is present in some cell bodies of other zones of the brain, i.e. the
      median subocellar neurosecretory cells, perikarya in external areas of the
      protocerebrum, below the calyces, around the pedunculus, in the optic lobes
      (between the lobula and the medulla, between the medulla and the lamina), and in
      external zones of the tritocerebrum. Among the structured neuropils, which were
      particularly fluorescent in the formaldehyde-induced fluorescence method, only
      the pedunculus, the posterior part of the central body, the external zones of the
      alpha- and beta lobes and the proximal part of the lamina contain little
      dopamine.

PMID- 6383627
TI  - Fertilization.

PMID- 6383628
TI  - Myogenesis.

PMID- 6383629
TI  - Mechanisms of cellular aging.

PMID- 6383630
TI  - Structural organization and functional differentiation of chromosomes: electron
      microscopic and banding studies.

PMID- 6383631
TI  - Processing and secretion of proteins in prokaryotic cells.

PMID- 6383632
TI  - Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.

PMID- 6383633
TI  - Mitochondria.

PMID- 6383634
TI  - DNA replication.

PMID- 6383635
TI  - Microtubules.

PMID- 6383636
TI  - Cell division: mitosis and meiosis in eukaryotes.

PMID- 6383637
TI  - Cytoplasmic streaming.

PMID- 6383638
TI  - DNA repair.

PMID- 6383639
TI  - Growth factors.

PMID- 6383640
TI  - [Masturbation and the history of psychiatry].

PMID- 6383641
TI  - [Dr. Josef Cermak and his role in the building of the psychiatric residential
      institute in Cernovice].

PMID- 6383642
TI  - Alkaline phosphatase. Biochemistry of mammalian alkaline phosphatases.

PMID- 6383644
TI  - Alkaline phosphatase in haematology.

PMID- 6383643
TI  - Clinical biochemistry of alkaline phosphatase.

PMID- 6383645
TI  - Electron microscopic cytochemistry of alkaline phosphatase.

PMID- 6383646
TI  - Quantitative cytochemistry of alkaline phosphatase activity.

PMID- 6383647
TI  - Lactate dehydrogenase. Biochemistry and function of lactate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 6383648
TI  - Genetic, developmental and evolutionary aspects of the lactate dehydrogenase
      isozyme system.

PMID- 6383649
TI  - Clinical biochemistry of lactate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 6383650
TI  - Lactate dehydrogenase and cell injury.

PMID- 6383651
TI  - Immunofluorescent staining method for use with monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - This note describes an immunofluorescent staining method for cells in the S-phase
      which have been allowed to take up bromodeoxyuridine into their DNA in place of
      thymine. The technique involves the use of fluorescinated monoclonal antibodies
      against bromodeoxyuridine and allows rapid and accurate estimation of cells in
      the S-phase, the technique does not require interpretation by skilled
      technicians.

PMID- 6383652
TI  - Effects of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) on myocardial blood flow and
      metabolism in canine endotoxin shock.
AB  - Glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) has beneficial effects during endotoxin shock,
      possibly through improvement of myocardial function, but the mechanism is not
      clear. We have studied the effects of GIK on left ventricular function, coronary
      flow, and oxygen consumption in controls and dogs treated with endotoxin (1.5
      mg/kg-1). The animals were anaesthetized (etomidate 4 mg/kg-1/hr-1) and
      ventilated (N2O:O2 = 2:1). We have measured left ventricular pressure, left
      ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and LVdP/dt, systemic blood pressure,
      cardiac output (CO; thermodilution), coronary blood flow (CBF; radioactive
      microspheres), and oxygen content and lactate in arterial and coronary sinus
      blood. Endotoxin caused a rapid fall of CO and blood pressure with a temporary
      recovery followed by gradual circulatory collapse. GIK infusion (50% glucose, 2
      g/kg-1 bw, 8 mmol KCl, and 3 U insulin/kg-1 bw) increased CO (56%), CBF (61%),
      blood pressure (21%), LVEDP (77%), and LVdP/dt (28%), and systemic vascular
      resistance decreased (23%). Stroke work (80%) and tension time index (42%)
      decreased during shock, but GIK temporarily improved these variables. The ratio
      of stroke work, respectively tension time index to oxygen consumption, suggests
      that myocardial efficiency decreased during shock and improved after GIK.
      Endotoxin decreased the ratio of endo- to epicardial flow. GIK did not change
      this ratio. However, for the same endo to epi ratio, increased CBF implies
      increased flow to endocardium.

PMID- 6383653
TI  - Oxygen consumption in septic shock: collective review.
AB  - That a decline in oxygen consumption (VO2) might herald onset of septic shock
      prior to hemodynamic collapse is suggested by previous observations in humans and
      animals in which VO2 appeared to be suppressed in systemic sepsis, despite normal
      or supranormal cardiac output, and in cellular and mitochondrial preparations
      exposed to endotoxin, despite adequate flow of perfusate. That a supranormal VO2
      might be one of the best predictors of ultimate survival is suggested by data
      collected from humans during various stages of septic shock. To evaluate VO2 as
      an early indicator of sepsis, the effect of endotoxemia was observed in 20 rhesus
      monkeys divided into groups according to hypodynamic, normodynamic, and
      hyperdynamic blood flow states; the effect of sepsis was observed in seven
      preterminal septic humans during the final hours of their lives. VO2 was measured
      using a new device that evaluates expired gases by means of a relatively simple
      feedback-controlled gas replenishment technique. In neither the primates nor the
      humans was it possible to demonstrate a flow-independent depression of VO2. VO2
      was distinctly elevated in each of the humans over some interval during the final
      day of life. These observations, plus an in-depth review of the literature,
      suggest that other variables, particularly peripheral vascular resistance,
      systemic and regional blood flow, and oxygen extraction fraction attempt to
      accommodate in an effort to sustain VO2. Probability of survival in sepsis
      appears to be enhanced by VO2 and cardiac output that are supranormal; yet even
      when VO2 is elevated, death can ensue within minutes to hours. Significant
      decline in VO2 is a grave prognostic sign, almost always preceded by a relatively
      easily detected hemodynamic change. Systemic VO2 appears to represent neither a
      specific early indicator of sepsis nor a certain prognosticator of survival
      outcome; it might provide useful information regarding adequacy of resuscitation.

PMID- 6383654
TI  - A randomized trial of intravenous and intracoronary streptokinase in patients
      with acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - The clinical effects of intravenous streptokinase in patients with acute
      myocardial infarction were compared with those of intracoronary streptokinase in
      a randomized, prospective study. Comparisons were also made with a historical
      control group. Fifty patients were entered into the study at 2.4 +/- 1.2 hr after
      onset of pain, and 27 were assigned to intravenous and 23 to intracoronary
      therapy. The doses of streptokinase averaged 212,000 U ic and 845,000 U iv (0.75
      X 10(6) U/5 hr, n = 14 or 10(6) U/1 hr, n = 13). Results of studies of the two
      intravenous dosage schedules were similar and so were combined. Streptokinase was
      administered at 2.8 +/- 1.0 hr after onset of pain in the intravenous and at 4.3
      +/- 1.4 hr in the intracoronary drug group (p less than .001). Convalescent (day
      10) radionuclide ejection fractions were 54 +/- 14% for the intravenous and 50 +/
      16% for the intracoronary drug group. Change in ejection fraction from day 1 to
      10 tended to be greater after intravenous drug: 5.1% (p less than .08) vs 1.2%
      (NS). Semiquantitative regional wall motion indexes in the infarct zone showed
      significant and similar modest improvement from admission to day 10 in both
      groups (p less than .02). Accelerated enzyme-release kinetics were noted after
      both therapies. Times of peak enzyme levels for patients on intravenous and
      intracoronary drug were, respectively, 12.5 +/- 5.0 and 11.5 +/- 4.3 hr for
      creatine kinase MB isoenzyme and 31.7 +/- 11.8 and 28.1 +/- 12.7 hr for lactic
      dehydrogenase (LDH). Peak LDH-1 level was lower in patients receiving intravenous
      drug than in the historical control group (p less than .05).
      Electrocardiographically summed ST segments diminished rapidly after therapy in
      both groups; Q wave development was similar and overall R wave loss was
      equivalent and less extensive compared with in historical control subjects.
      Infarct pain requiring morphine was diminished similarly in both treatment
      groups. Incidence of early arrhythmias and heart failure also did not differ.
      Posttherapy ischemic events and early surgery tended to be more common in the
      intracoronary group and bleeding was more common in the intravenous group.
      Intravenous drug did not decrease early hospital mortality (intravenous drug = 5,
      historical control = 4, intracoronary drug = 1); the differences in this
      parameter among groups were not significant. At convalescent angiographic
      evaluation, anterograde perfusion was present in 73% of those receiving
      intravenous and 76% of those receiving intracoronary drug.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 6383655
TI  - Evolution of infarct size during the early use of nifedipine in patients with
      acute myocardial infarction: the Norwegian Nifedipine Multicenter Trial.
AB  - In a multicenter double-blind study, 227 patients with suspected acute myocardial
      infarction (AMI) were randomized within 12 hr from onset of symptoms to treatment
      with nifedipine (112 patients) or placebo (115 patients). AMI was confirmed in 74
      patients on nifedipine and in 83 on placebo. Patients with AMI received
      nifedipine 5.5 +/- 2.9 hr (mean +/- SD) after onset of symptoms. Infarct size was
      assessed by the release of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB). Infarct size
      index (CK-MB geq/m2) was 25 +/- 16 (n = 71) in the nifedipine group and 23 +/- 13
      (n = 77) in the placebo group (NS). After the first 10 mg of nifedipine systolic
      blood pressure fell from 147 +/- 30 to 135 +/- 28 mm Hg (p less than .01) and
      heart rate rose from 75 +/- 18 to 79 +/- 19 beats/min (p less than .01). No
      change was observed after the first placebo dose. The treatment was continued for
      6 weeks. Over this period there were 10 deaths in each group. Early treatment
      with nifedipine in patients with AMI does not seem to reduce infarct size as
      determined by enzyme level.

PMID- 6383656
TI  - Bilirubin analysis--the state of the art and future prospects.
AB  - Progress in separating and identifying different bile pigments in serum has led
      to the recognition of a bilirubin fraction (delta) distinct from unconjugated
      bilirubin and its (mono- and di-) sugar conjugates. Delta bilirubin reacts
      directly diazo-positive and is strongly linked to an albumin-like protein,
      presumably via an amide bond between a propionic acid side-chain of the
      tetrapyrrole and a functional group (e.g., epsilon-amino group of lysine) on the
      protein backbone. Because of its unusual properties and its wide occurrence in
      icteric sera, the delta fraction may have important analytical and clinical
      implications. We examine here some of these implications and discuss the
      prospects for a better understanding of the molecular basis of jaundice.

PMID- 6383658
TI  - Simultaneous measurement of ethosuximide, primidone, phenobarbital, phenytoin,
      carbamazepine, and their bioactive metabolites by liquid chromatography.
AB  - A simple, isocratic liquid-chromatographic method was developed for
      simultaneously measuring ethosuximide, primidone, phenobarbital, phenytoin,
      carbamazepine, and their bioactive metabolites within 10 min. The chromatographic
      system involves a Waters' Radial-NOVA PAK C18 reversed-phase column and
      acetone/methanol/acetonitrile/10 mmol/L phosphate buffer (10/21/8/61 by vol, pH
      adjusted to 7.95 with NaOH) as mobile phase. The antiepileptic drugs are
      extracted from 50 microL of serum by mixing with 50 microL of acetonitrile
      containing 10 mg of tolybarb per liter as internal standard. After
      centrifugation, 20 microL of the supernate is injected onto the column and eluted
      with mobile phase at the rate of 2.8 mL/min at ambient temperature. The column
      effluent is monitored at 200 nm. The method can detect the five antiepileptic
      drugs in concentrations as low as 0.5 mg/L. Analytical recovery ranges from 98 to
      102%. Within-run CV ranged from 2.9 to 5.8% and between-run CV from 4.7 to 7.1%.
      The method can also be used to measure N-desmethyl-methsuximide, chloramphenicol,
      and pentobarbital.

PMID- 6383657
TI  - Solid-phase chemiluminescence immunoassay for progesterone in unextracted serum.
AB  - We describe a simple, solid-phase chemiluminescence immunoassay for progesterone
      in 10 microL of unextracted serum ("direct" assay). Danazol at pH 8.0 is included
      (100 ng per tube) to displace progesterone from binding proteins in serum. A
      progesterone-11 alpha-hemisuccinyl-aminobutylethyl isoluminol conjugate serves as
      the chemiluminescent ligand marker and homologous antiprogesterone IgG covalently
      coupled to "Immunobeads" is the immunoadsorbant. After the binding reaction,
      bound and free ligand are separated by centrifugation and the chemiluminescence
      yield of the bound label is determined. The sensitivity, specificity, precision,
      and accuracy of the method are similar to those of a conventional
      radioimmunoassay for progesterone in which a radioligand of tritiated
      progesterone and serum extraction are used. Progesterone values obtained by this
      procedure agreed well (r = 0.987) with those obtained by radioimmunoassay. We
      conclude that the chemiluminescence immunoassay for progesterone in unextracted
      serum is analytically valid and offers a convenient alternative to
      radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 6383659
TI  - Analyses for progesterone in serum by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry:
      target data for external quality assessment of routine assays.
AB  - We describe a procedure for measuring progesterone in plasma and serum by isotope
      dilution and mass spectrometry. Extraction with use of a microcellulose-coupled
      antiserum is followed by conversion to the 3-enol heptafluorobutyrate and
      analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with selected ion
      monitoring, at a resolution of 5000. Interassay CVs were 1.5 to 5.4% for the
      concentration range 13 to 43 nmol/L. Analyses of various serum volumes showed
      excellent linearity. Accurate determination of progesterone added to serum was
      demonstrated. Plasma and serum pools were analyzed to provide target data for use
      in the U.K. national external quality-assessment scheme for progesterone assays.
      Direct, non-extraction radioimmunoassays and those incorporating solvent
      extraction both showed a positive bias with respect to data obtained by the
      present procedure, but the bias was more marked with the direct assays.

PMID- 6383660
TI  - Improved immunoassay of carcinoembryonic antigen in serum.

PMID- 6383661
TI  - Maxillary dental arch growth in different types of cleft.
AB  - A total of 45 subjects, 15 complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), 15
      complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), and 15 cleft palate only (CPO)
      were studied. Measurements of alveolar points on maxillofacial models were taken
      of each subject at 5 months, 19 months and 4 years of age. The results revealed
      different types of growth retardation among the cleft groups. A comparison with
      10 controls at 4 years of age showed that the dimensions of the three cleft
      groups were smaller than the controls, especially at the anterior region of the
      maxilla. These findings suggest that the relation of the nasal septum to the
      palatal processes may play an important role in the underdevelopment of the
      maxilla in the cleft lip and palate patients.

PMID- 6383662
TI  - Determination of lysozyme in serum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid and feces by
      enzyme immunoassay.
AB  - Conjugates of human lysozyme and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were prepared by
      means of the heterobifunctional reagent N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)
      propionate. A conjugate containing 2 mol HRP/mol lysozyme was isolated by gel
      filtration and used as a labeled antigen in competitive enzyme immunoassays, in
      which anti-lysozyme rabbit IgG had been bound to wells of microtiter plates. The
      assay can detect as little as 1 microgram lysozyme/l. The following reference
      intervals have been established: 950-2450 micrograms/l for serum, 1.7-123
      micrograms/l for urine, 17.6-118 micrograms/l for cerebrospinal fluid and 0.04
      1.5 microgram/g for feces.

PMID- 6383663
TI  - Catalytically active enterokinase in human bile.
AB  - Enterokinase activates trypsinogen very rapidly and is itself resistant to
      proteolysis and endogenous inhibitors in blood and pancreas. Using a novel one
      stage specific catalytic assay capable of detecting enterokinase in the presence
      of trypsin inhibitors, we have positively identified catalytically active
      enterokinase in human bile in each of 14 patients studied. Since the presence of
      active enterokinase in human bile was not explicable by duodeno-biliary reflux,
      enterokinase must have followed the pathway from gut to blood to liver to bile,
      previously identified in greater detail experimentally. We suggest that entry
      into the pancreatic duct system of bile-borne active enterokinase from the common
      bile duct may trigger necrotising acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 6383664
TI  - Pulsatile administration of GnRH for the treatment of hypogonadotrophic
      hypogonadism.
AB  - Fourteen patients, aged 22-35 years, complaining of infertility and failing to
      ovulate on clomiphene, were treated with GnRH administered in pulses at 90 min
      intervals. Four patients received a total of eight courses of GnRH given
      subcutaneously and 13 were given a total of 20 months of treatment with GnRH
      given intravenously. Serum concentrations of immunoreactive GnRH were measured in
      six patients before administration of the drug and at regular intervals for 60
      min after subcutaneous and intravenous injections of 5, 10 and 20 micrograms
      GnRH. Maximum concentrations of GnRH were reached by 5-10 min after subcutaneous
      injections and within 2 min after intravenous injections. The peak concentrations
      were 3.6-6.3 times and the sums of increments were 2.0-3.9 times greater
      following intravenous injections than after subcutaneous injections. Subcutaneous
      treatments extended for 15-29 days with doses of 5-20 micrograms per pulse. Only
      one patient ovulated as judged by the luteal phase progesterone and ultrasonic
      scanning of the follicle. Intravenous treatments were from 12-22 days with doses
      of 10 micrograms per pulse and 16 treatments out of 20 were ovulatory with four
      pregnancies. HCG (5000 i.u.) was given when ultrasonic scanning indicated
      adequate follicular growth, but in eight of the cycles, including three of the
      pregnancies, the follicle had ruptured before HCG was given. Pulsatile
      administration of GnRH proved to be an effective treatment for infertility in
      hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Possible reasons for the better results by
      intravenous rather than subcutaneous injections are discussed.

PMID- 6383665
TI  - Human anti-centromere sera recognise a 19.5 kD non-histone chromosomal protein
      from HeLa cells.
AB  - Autoimmune sera from 18 scleroderma patients were found to give a centromere
      positive immunofluorescence response on formaldehyde fixed HeLa cells and on
      chromosome spreads. Immunoblotting experiments with a protein fraction enriched
      in HeLa chromosomal proteins revealed that the antigenic target common to all 18
      sera is a polypeptide of 19.5 kD. This polypeptide, which is not one of the core
      histones, is not soluble under conditions which favour the release of nuclear
      ribonucleoprotein particles. Antigen specific purification of autoantibodies with
      subsequent immunofluorescence studies confirmed that the 19.5 kD antigen is
      restricted to cell cycle-dependent single or double spheres at the centromere of
      HeLa chromosomes. Two additional polypeptides of 23 kD and 25.5 kD immunoreactive
      with five of the 18 centromere positive sera are not located at the centromere
      region, suggesting that other autoantibody systems are present in these sera.

PMID- 6383666
TI  - Relationship between immune system and gram negative bacteria. I. Spontaneous
      binding of smooth and rough Salmonella to human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
AB  - Over the past years many reports have emphasized that either Gram positive or
      Gram negative bacteria possess the ability to bind spontaneously to human
      peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Here, bacterial binding to human PBL has been
      studied by using a smooth (S) Salmonella typhimurium LT-2 and two rough (R)
      mutants of Salmonella minnesota R 345 (Rb) and R 595 (Re), which possess specific
      deletions in their lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecule. Our results provide
      evidence that all three bacterial strains spontaneously bind to PBL, even though
      Re and mostly Rb cells display the highest degree of adherence. The three major
      regions of LPS (O-polysaccharide chain, R core and lipid A) seem to be involved
      in the binding since adherence is specifically inhibited by pretreating PBL with
      S- or R-LPS extracted from homologous bacteria. Furthermore, using a panel of
      monoclonal antibodies to lymphocyte surface antigens, S- and R-Salmonella
      bacteria bind to T lymphocytes (preferentially T8+ cells), while few B cells are
      coated by bacteria. Additionally, bacterial binding is significantly reduced by
      trypsin pretreatment of PBL, this suggesting that proteins (or glycoproteins) of
      the PBL membrane are involved in the binding.

PMID- 6383667
TI  - Idiopathic paraproteinaemia. IV. The role of genetic factors in the development
      of monoclonal B cell proliferative disorders--a study in the ageing C57BL/KaLwRij
      and CBA/BrARij mouse radiation chimeras.
AB  - Mouse radiation chimeras, employing strains with a low (CBA/BrARij) and a high
      (C57BL/KaLwRij) frequency of idiopathic paraproteinaemia (IP), were used in a
      study on genetic influences in the development of IP, a benign B cell monoclonal
      proliferative disorder. Taking advantage of the different Igh1 allotypic markers
      between the two strains, the development of IP with increasing age was
      investigated by agar electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis and immunofixation.
      Four of 18 CBA recipients transplanted with C57BL bone marrow cells were shown to
      develop IP of the IgG2a isotype and the Igh1b (donor) allotype during their life.
      In contrast, none of the 23 C57BL recipients of CBA bone marrow developed an
      IgG2a paraprotein of the Igh1a allotype. However, in three of these 23 chimeras,
      an IgG2a and Igh1b (recipient) allotype paraprotein appeared with age; two of
      these mice proved to be reversals at 12 months and one at 15 months of age. The
      frequencies of homogeneous immunoglobulins of the donor type in the chimeras
      corresponded roughly to those of normal mice of the donor strain.
      Histopathological examination excluded a malignant origin of these monoclonal
      proliferations. These findings support the view that intrinsic cellular genetic
      factors are of major importance in the development of IP, a benign B cell
      neoplasia.

PMID- 6383668
TI  - Distribution of IgG subclasses in membranous nephropathy.
AB  - The distribution of human IgG subclasses among the glomerular deposits in human
      membranous nephropathy was examined by immunofluorescence with subclass specific
      monoclonal antibodies. Large amounts of granular deposits of IgG4 were identified
      along the capillary loops in all 12 patients, and seven patients had small
      amounts of IgG1 deposits. Neither IgG2 nor IgG3 deposits were detectable in any
      of the patients. On the contrary, all four IgG subclasses were detected in
      membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and lupus nephritis with a predominance
      of IgG1 and IgG3. The results indicate that IgG4 is predominant in the glomerular
      deposits in membranous nephropathy and may play an important role in its
      pathogenesis.

PMID- 6383670
TI  - Autoantibodies in sera of Thai patients with Plasmodium falciparum infection.
AB  - Serum from 98 Thai adults infected with Plasmodium falciparum were examined for
      the presence of autoantibodies. Malarial containing antibodies sera were also
      revealed positive for anti-nuclear antibodies with fluorescence speckled pattern,
      anti-smooth muscle antibodies, anti-mitochondria antibodies and rheumatoid
      factor. There was no detectable antibody to double stranded DNA. There was a
      significant relationship between high titre of malarial antibody and high
      frequency of speckled pattern of anti-nuclear factor or anti-nuclear antibodies.
      By the ELISA technique determination of serum antibodies against an extractable
      nuclear antigen (ENA) in patients with P. falciparum infection gave 43.8% (43 of
      98) positive result. In addition, sera contained malarial antibodies gave
      positive antibodies to ENA in 50% (49 of 98) by tanned red cell
      haemagglutination. Among the positive sera with antibodies to ENA, they showed
      the presence of antibodies to both ribonucleoprotein RNAase sensitive (RNP) and
      ribonucleoprotein RNAase resistance (Sm). Also both of antibodies exhibited
      positive staining of speckled pattern of antinuclear factor. This observation
      indicated that malaria infection induces autoantibodies which were predominantly
      anti-nuclear antibodies.

PMID- 6383671
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation and thymopoietin pentapeptide treatment in two
      infants with immunodeficiency with predominant T-cell defects.
AB  - Two infants with immunodeficiency with predominant T-cell defects received
      transplants of HLA-identical bone marrow cells along with thymopoietin
      pentapeptide (TP-5) treatment and no prior immunosuppressive therapy. Both
      patients achieved durable engraftment with early reconstitution of cell-mediated
      immunity. The study of cell surface antigens with monoclonal antibodies (MoAb)
      revealed that the early appearance of T-cell subsets defined by OKT4 and OKT8
      MoAb occurred. Neither of the patients showed any signs or symptoms of graft
      versus host disease over a 1-year period. This experience suggests that patients
      with T-cell deficiency who do not benefit from thymic hormones alone can be
      successfully treated by bone marrow transplantation. The association of TP-5 with
      bone marrow transplantation seems to induce an early and stable reconstitution
      and to protect against fatal post-transplant infection.

PMID- 6383672
TI  - Increased urinary protein excretion in the rat produced by serum from a patient
      with recurrent focal glomerular sclerosis after renal transplantation.
AB  - Proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome due to recurrent disease may develop after
      renal transplant in patients with focal glomerular sclerosis (FGS). The rapid
      onset of proteinuria in many of these patients suggests a possible humoral
      mediator. We studied serum from a patient who has had recurrence of nephrotic
      syndrome and FGS after two cadaveric renal allografts to determine if a serum
      factor capable of producing increased urinary protein excretion was present.
      Serum was infused into the aorta of anesthetized rats. During infusion of serum
      from the patient with recurrent FGS, there were significant increases in mean
      urinary protein and rat albumin excretion which persisted after infusion. When
      sera from ten patients with nephrotic syndrome secondary to other
      glomerulopathies were infused no changes in urinary protein or albumin excretion
      were noted. Likewise no changes in urine protein or albumin excretion were
      produced with infusion of serum from a patient with FGS without recurrence after
      transplantation. Increases in urine protein and albumin excretion noted during
      and after infusion of recurrent FGS serum were independent of changes in
      glomerular filtration rate, urine volume, or fractional excretion of sodium.
      These results suggest there is a factor or factors present in the serum of this
      patient capable of producing enhanced urinary protein excretion in the rat. This
      factor(s) which is heat stable at 56 degrees C could possibly play a role in the
      pathogenesis of recurrent nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 6383669
TI  - Detection of IgG rheumatoid factor secreting cells in autoimmune MRL/1 mice: a
      kinetic study.
AB  - The kinetics of appearance of cells secreting IgG rheumatoid factor (IgG RF) has
      been studied in MRL/l mice by means of the ELISPOT assay, a new immunoenzyme
      procedure. Mice of the MRL/l strain spontaneously develop an autoimmune disease
      associated with arthritic manifestations. IgG RF secreting splenocytes were first
      detected at the clinical onset of the disease at the age of 3 months. Peak
      frequencies of IgG RF secreting cells amounting to almost 10% of the total number
      of IgG secreting cells were observed at later stages. The appearance of IgG RF
      secreting cells was preceded by at least 1 month by elevated levels of
      circulating immune complexes and abnormally high numbers of IgG secreting cells.
      The frequencies of IgG RF secreting cells and of IgG secreting splenocytes did
      not follow each other at least not during the first 3 months preceding the onset
      of clinical disease. The data presented suggest that IgG RF production in MRL/l
      mice is not triggered as part of an early stage of polyclonal activation but
      could be induced by IgG containing immune complexes.

PMID- 6383673
TI  - Dosage of Cyclosporin A in children with renal transplants.
AB  - Results of Cyclosporin A (CyA) treatment following kidney transplantation in 16
      children are reported. CyA was used in combination with low-dose prednisolone.
      The dosage of CyA was related to body surface area, starting with 500 mg/m2 daily
      and was reduced weekly by 50 mg/m2 until the maintenance dose of 300 mg/m2 was
      reached at the end of the fifth week. The dosage was controlled and adjusted by
      monitoring the CyA blood concentrations. In comparison with adults, children
      required higher CyA doses related to body weight to maintain the desired trough
      blood level range (200-750 ng/ml). In 16 children treated with CyA the graft
      function rate at three months was 100% and at six months 90%, because one patient
      died of septicemia. 10 patients experienced 20 reversible rejection episodes.
      Infectious complications and side-effects were similar to those observed in
      adults. Almost half of the patients exhibited transient nephrotoxicity which
      reversed after dose reduction. It is concluded that CyA treatment in a body
      surface area related dosage and in combination with blood level monitoring offers
      a successful way for kidney transplantation in childhood.

PMID- 6383674
TI  - Determination of body burden of uremic toxins.
AB  - The body burden of two uremic toxins, di- and trimethylamines, was determined in
      eight chronic renal failure patients, who received a renal transplant with
      immediate good function. The "pools" of these amines were calculated on the basis
      of serum concentration just prior to vascular anastomosis being established and
      compared to measured amines excreted over a period of five days following
      transplantation. The amount of DMA and TMA present intra-cellularly in eight
      muscle samples obtained from these patients was also studied. Both the measured
      to calculated ratios and intracellular to extracellular ratios of these amine
      concentrations suggests significant intracellular sequestration in end-stage
      renal disease. The possible effect on the intracellular milieu is discussed.
      Serum concentration of these uremic toxins under-estimates the total body burden.

PMID- 6383675
TI  - Mechanism of impaired urinary concentrating ability in normokalemic primary
      aldosteronism.
AB  - Renal clearance studies were performed during anti-diuresis (before and after
      hypertonic saline infusion) and during water diuresis in three hypertensive
      patients with normokalemic primary aldosteronism (NPA) and in matched patients
      with normoreninemic essential hypertension (EH). The NPA patients showed an
      impaired ability to concentrate urine. By progressively increasing Cosm with
      saline loading, TcH2O plateaued both in NPA and in EH patients; in the former,
      however, the plateau occurred earlier and was lower than in the latter. In water
      diuresis, absolute values of CH2O were higher in NPA due to increased distal
      delivery secondary to impairment in proximal tubular reabsorption. Fractional
      CH2O (i.e. the ratio between CH2O and distal sodium delivery), however, was lower
      in NPA than in EH patients. Both in antidiuresis (after saline loading) and in
      water diuresis the NPA patients exhibited an enhanced fractional excretion of
      sodium. In one of NPA patients, clearance studies were repeated after
      adrenalectomy. In this patient, normalization of BP and reduction of body weight
      were associated with a rise in Uosm and a reduction in Cosm in antidiuresis; Uosm
      and Cosm were restored to pre-surgical values by expanding extracellular fluid
      volume (ECV) with saline loading. In summary our results suggest that ECV
      expansion is the mechanism by which urine concentration is impaired in patients
      with NPA.

PMID- 6383676
TI  - An update on the early management of traumatic paraplegia (nonoperative and
      operative management).
AB  - Both the spinal cord physician and the spinal surgeon must be fully cognizant of
      the alterations of functions in multiple systems of the body caused by a spinal
      cord injury. Complications can easily arise, particularly within the respiratory,
      urinary, and integumentary systems. Most are preventable if the medical and
      nursing staff are sufficiently knowledgeable to anticipate them and if the
      necessary equipment and facilities are available. Regionalization of care with
      early referral to a spinal cord injury center has become a cost-effective way to
      manage these patients. Only if their medical needs are met and complications are
      prevented will surgery, performed to allow early mobilization, really accomplish
      the desired result. This update reviews the current medical and surgical points
      of view concerning diagnosis, fracture classification, spinal stability,
      reduction and stabilization of the fracture deformity, and spinal canal
      decompression.

PMID- 6383677
TI  - Current concepts of etiology and treatment of chondromalacia patellae.
AB  - Chondromalacia patellae is a distinct clinical entity characterized by
      retropatellar pain that is associated with recognizable changes in the articular
      cartilage of the posterior surface of the patella. Several factors may be
      involved in the etiology, such as severe patella alta, trauma, and, in rare
      cases, abnormal patellar tracking. Clinical symptoms and signs are reliable in
      only 50% of cases, but measurable quadriceps wasting, palpable patellofemoral
      crepitus, and effusion are strongly suggestive. Diagnosis must be confirmed by
      arthroscopy or direct examination of the posterior surface of the patella.
      Radiologic measurements of patellofemoral relations are of limited value in
      diagnosis. The initial pathologic finding is usually surface cartilage breakdown.
      Radioisotope studies show cartilage cell replication which suggests a healing
      capacity in early cases following treatment that alters the load through the
      affected cartilage. There is no evidence of progression to patellofemoral
      osteoarthritis, which is probably a different entity. The treatment should be
      conservative where possible with isometric quadriceps exercises and simple anti
      inflammatory drugs such as aspirin. Operative treatment is indicated for patients
      with persistent pain and macroscopic involvement of more than half a centimeter
      of the articular cartilage surface. The simplest effective procedure that avoids
      quadriceps dysfunction and fibrosis is a distal patellar tendon medial
      realignment with lateral release and medial reefing of the quadriceps expansion.
      Patellectomy is indicated in more extensive involvement of the patella of 2 or
      more centimeters in diameter, but this must be performed only when the patient
      has excellent quadriceps function before surgery and is motivated to exercise
      after surgery.

PMID- 6383679
TI  - Axillary artery injury as a complication of proximal humeral fractures. Two case
      reports and a review of the literature.
AB  - Proximal humeral fractures are commonly seen in orthopedic practice. The vast
      majority of these fractures are nondisplaced. Infrequently, displaced proximal
      humeral fractures have associated neurovascular injuries. Injury to the brachial
      plexus is uncommon; axillary artery injury is rare. This is a report of two
      displaced proximal humeral fractures in elderly, intoxicated patients following
      low-energy trauma. Both fractures resulted in axillary artery injury requiring
      vascular reconstruction. Only nine similar cases were found in a review of the
      literature. Displaced proximal humeral fractures should be carefully evaluated
      for vascular injury, and arteriography should be used when necessary. If vascular
      reconstruction is indicated, the fracture must be internally fixed to prevent
      redisplacement and potential compromise of the vascular repair. Serial
      postoperative Doppler examinations are necessary to detect thrombus formation.
      With prompt diagnosis and treatment, prolonged limb ischemia and its sequelae can
      be prevented.

PMID- 6383678
TI  - Surgical management of thoracolumbar spinal injuries. General principles and
      controversial considerations.
AB  - Based on a review of the literature and experience with over 100 surgically
      treated thoracolumbar spinal injuries, the following information summarizes
      present knowledge of the subject. Reduction and internal fixation of the injured
      spine allows early mobilization of all patients, regardless of neurologic
      deficit, while protecting the neurologic structures from further injury and
      enhancing their recovery. The ability of the posterior ligamentous complex and
      the anterior bony column to withstand physiologic loads must be assessed by the
      history, physical examination, and radiography; then the injured structures
      should be protected from load or their function replaced by an appropriate
      surgical implant. Maximum neurologic recovery can be expected with prompt and
      complete decompression by reduction of the deformity, restoration of the spinal
      canal, and rigid internal fixation. The internal fixation system selected must
      provide compression for posterior injuries and distraction for anterior injuries,
      resist bending in combined injuries, and always restore normal spine shape. The
      rod-long, fuse-short technique provides the advantages of a more accurate
      reduction and a more secure fixation, and the minimum length of the fused region
      results in a more normal spine. The advantages of prompt and rigid but temporary
      internal fixation justify the risks both short- and long-term.

PMID- 6383680
TI  - Effects of polymethylmethacrylate on rabbit articular chondrocytes in monolayer
      culture.
AB  - The effects of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) on DNA, protein, and sulfated
      proteoglycan synthesis by rabbit articular chondrocytes were observed in
      monolayer cultures. PMMA pellets in ratios of 1:1 and 1:2 (liquid monomer:powder)
      significantly reduced [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA during the first 24 h
      of culture and less so after 48 and 72 h. The reduction in [3H]thymidine
      incorporation was restricted to the cohort of chondrocytes nearest the PMMA.
      Consequently, cellular proliferation was unaltered by PMMA. By contrast, PMMA
      failed to inhibit [3H]leucine or [3H]serine/35SO4 incorporation. Both control and
      PMMA (1:1)-treated chondrocyte CsCl density gradient medium fraction dA1 eluted
      as a retarded peak on Sepharose CL-2B under associative conditions. The average
      partition coefficient (Kav) of PMMA-treated fraction dA1 was 0.41, as compared
      with 0.27 for control cultures. The Kav of medium fraction dD1 (proteoglycan
      monomer) was unaltered. Both control and PMMA-treated dA1 fraction elution
      profiles on Sepharose CL-2B were altered by incubation with Streptomyces
      hyaluronidase, indicating the presence of proteoglycan aggregate. The PMMA
      treated cultures synthesized smaller proteoglycan aggregates. Since PMMA has been
      a critical factor in the success of total joint arthroplasty, defining
      interactions of differentiated cells with the cement is imperative for an
      understanding of the effects of PMMA on the biology of cartilage and bone.

PMID- 6383681
TI  - The classic. Case of fracture of the spine in which the operation of trephining
      was performed, with observations. By Robert M'Donnell.

PMID- 6383682
TI  - A plea for judgment in management of thoracolumbar fractures and fracture
      dislocations. A reassessment of surgical indications.
AB  - Until basic knowledge of fracture anatomy and stability includes experiments with
      comminuted anterior column injuries, posterior column injuries, and these
      injuries in combination with ligament and capsular injuries, and until the long
      term implications of the long fusion in an otherwise healthy patient are fully
      known, clinicians making decisions about individual patients must assemble all
      the variables that bear on the patient's ability to heal and become fully
      functional again before making a decision about surgical stabilization of the
      thoracolumbar fracture. An assessment of plain roentgenograms, tomograms, and CAT
      scans and an understanding of the anatomy of the fracture site provide essential
      but insufficient data for clinical decisions about patients.

PMID- 6383683
TI  - Radiology of thoracic and lumbar fractures.
AB  - High-resolution computed tomography (CT) is superior to other imaging modalities
      in assessing the extent and degree of spinal fractures. The determination of bone
      fragments within the spinal canal and the detection of posterior neural arch
      damage are major advantages offered by computed tomography. The addition of
      intrathecal contrast allows proper assessment of the oftentimes confusing
      neurologic picture. Plain roentgenograms of the spine are only the initial
      diagnostic examinations of spinal fractures. Roentgenograms in conjunction with
      high-resolution CT, performed with or without intrathecal contrast, provide the
      best evaluation of thoracolumbar spinal fractures.

PMID- 6383684
TI  - Prediction of the preterm baby.

PMID- 6383685
TI  - Diagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation using ultrasound.
AB  - Ultrasound has been developed in the last twenty years to become the major
      instrument for diagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation. However, currently
      available commercial instruments cannot be used to their full advantage without
      accurate early ultrasonic measurement of gestational length and without at the
      same time screening for multiple pregnancy and fetal malformation. Once this has
      been done, methods that take account of changes in body proportion become less
      important in the diagnosis of IUGR in later pregnancy and formulas that allow
      accurate weight categorization can be used with advantage. If an ultrasonic
      method for screening a whole population is required, then weight-categorization
      formulas are now well researched and provide an acceptable margin of low false
      positive rates. The formula should, however, be adapted to give a measure of
      weight deviation rather than absolute weight so that it can be used over a period
      of time in pregnancy and not only in a specific week. If a non-ultrasound method
      is to be used for selecting a population at higher risk, conventional risk
      criteria (Hobel et al, 1973) and symphysisfundus measurements are valuable.
      Ultrasound fetometry may then be used with very high sensitivity to improve the
      identification of those fetuses at risk, but critical evaluation of the use of
      ultrasound in this situation is still needed. The basic measurement techniques of
      BPD and fetal trunk measurements singly or combined into weight prediction
      formulas could then, in larger reference laboratories, be supplemented by
      ancillary ultrasonic means of investigating fetal growth and fetal well-being. An
      adverse fetal environment preceding measurable growth retardation of the fetus
      itself can possibly be reflected in a decrease of intrauterine volume and
      amniotic fluid and changes of fetal well-being could be investigated by means of
      changes in volume parameters, fetal activity or fetal blood flow. The next steps
      towards improved ultrasonic evaluation of IUGR fetuses are likely to be in this
      direction, while increased IUGR detection will mainly result from better
      screening techniques.

PMID- 6383686
TI  - Obstetric management of the growth retarded baby.
AB  - Identification and modification of potential risk factors, early diagnosis,
      intensive prenatal surveillance, and appropriate, timely intervention is
      necessary for successful management of the pregnancy complicated by intrauterine
      growth retardation. Once an antepartum diagnosis of fetal growth retardation has
      been made, extensive evaluation including a thorough ultrasound examination and
      amniocentesis (if technically possible) for fetal lung profile studies and
      karyotype is indicated. Intensive fetal surveillance with nonstressed testing (in
      the absence of oligohydramnios) or contraction stress testing on a weekly basis
      (if normal) can usually assure one of fetal well being. A combination of NST/CST
      testing may increase the effectiveness of predicting perinatal morbidity. Daily
      increasing serial oestriol urinary values may be of some benefit in assuring
      fetal well being. Serial sonography to assess amniotic fluid volume and interval
      fetal growth is important. Use of the biophysical profile may significantly
      improve the perinatal outcome, but substantiation in a large group of growth
      retarded infants is lacking. Delay of delivery until 37-38 weeks' gestational age
      (or, in the hypertensive patient, until fetal lung maturity is documented)
      currently appears optimal. However, in the face of fetal surveillance testing
      suggesting a deterioration in fetal status or lack of interval growth, delivery
      should be undertaken. The mode of delivery will depend rather on the indication
      for intervention. Caesarean section should be seriously considered in many cases
      of intrauterine growth retardation. At the time of delivery, the paediatric team
      should always be present and ready to resuscitate the infant if necessary and to
      anticipate potential problems associated with the growth retarded fetus.

PMID- 6383687
TI  - Neomycin and plasma lipoproteins in type II hyperlipoproteinemia.
AB  - Neomycin, a nonabsorbable aminoglycoside antibiotic, has been shown to exert a
      hypocholesterolemic effect in man. In a 9-mo, double-blind, randomized,
      crossover, placebo-controlled clinical trial, the effect of neomycin, 2 gm/day,
      on plasma lipoproteins, as well as its safety, was described in 20 subjects with
      type II hyperlipoproteinemia. A 15% (50 mg%) decline in plasma cholesterol
      concentration was observed with neomycin. Most of this effect resulted from a 41
      mg% (16%) decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration. No
      significant or consistent effect on the concentration of high-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol was observed. Monthly audiologic and renal evaluation disclosed no
      oto- or nephrotoxicity. Neomycin treatment in patients with type II
      hyperlipoproteinemia is an inexpensive and effective means of lowering the
      concentration of low-density lipoproteins and is free of significant side effects
      over a 3-mo period.

PMID- 6383688
TI  - Nephrotoxicity of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum with or without ifosfamide in
      cancer treatment.
AB  - cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP) and ifosfamide (IPP) are effective cytostatic
      agents with a considerable nephrotoxicity. Because of the known synergism of both
      drugs in animals the combination has been studied in man with disseminated
      testicular cancer. Nature and extent of nephrotoxicity of DDP in combination with
      vinblastine, bleomycin and with or without IPP was investigated. The renal
      involvement was studied during volume expansion and mannitol diuresis. In
      addition to total kidney function (creatinine clearance and renal electrolyte
      handling), tubular function has been determined by quantitative assessment of
      urinary albumin, beta 2-microglobulin, maltase and leucine aminopeptidase
      excretion. The urinary protein pattern was also analyzed by microgradient
      electrophoresis to determine low and high molecular weight proteins. The total
      protein excretion was raised in the groups of patients with DDP and IPP to a 5
      fold of the normal (976 +/- 96 mg/24 h) versus a 4-fold increase (756 +/- 102
      mg/24 h) without IPP. This was mainly due to renal tubular involvement. For
      example, IPP raised the tubular toxicity induced by DDP considerably with a 200
      fold increase of the beta 2-microglobulin excretion versus only a 10-fold
      increase without IPP (p less than 0.02). All lesions were reversible and caused
      no lasting impairment of kidney function. It is concluded that combination
      regimens including DDP and IPP can be used without a major risk of acute or
      chronic renal insufficiency. However, urinary protein excretion should be
      monitored to make certain that the tubular function improves between or after the
      treatment courses.

PMID- 6383689
TI  - [Craniocaudad extension of the head of the pancreas].
AB  - In 106 patients without pancreatic disease subjected to ultrasound examination
      the craniocaudad dimension of the pancreatic head was determined. The mean
      craniocaudad echographic size of the pancreatic head was 5.9 cm in female and 6.2
      cm in male individuals. The knowledge of the craniocaudad dimension of the
      pancreatic head may be useful to avoid misinterpretation of lymph node
      enlargement in the region of the pancreatic head.

PMID- 6383690
TI  - [Sonography in intensive care medicine?].
AB  - It is out of question: Sonography should be the first diagnostic step in viewing
      the intestines, child's brain and in some parts, the organs of basal thorax. It
      is the method of first choice regarding the possibility of instantaneous
      application and permanent reproduction.

PMID- 6383691
TI  - Control of breathing during sleep.

PMID- 6383693
TI  - Hypertension produced by chemical renal medullectomy: evidence for a
      renomedullary vasodepressor function in the rat.
AB  - The rat renal papilla was selectively destroyed by 2-bromoethylamine
      hydrobromide; increasing doses produced a graded severity of histological damage,
      polyuria and a reduction in urinary prostaglandin E2 excretion. Destruction of at
      least half of the papilla caused significant hypertension, but plasma renin
      concentration and plasma creatinine did not change. After graded medullary damage
      Goldblatt two-kidney, one-clip hypertension was induced. Four weeks later the
      severity of hypertension was similar in medulla-damaged and medulla-intact
      groups. When Goldblatt two-kidney, one-clip hypertension was reversed by removal
      of the renal artery clip, the blood pressure fall was less when the inner renal
      papilla was ablated than when it was intact, although plasma renin concentration
      and sodium balance were similar. The final blood pressure was similar to that
      observed in normal rats treated with 2-bromoethylamine compared with their
      respective controls. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the
      inner renal medulla produces a vasodepressor that influences blood pressure in
      normal rats, and also lowers blood pressure when two-kidney, one-clip
      hypertension is reversed surgically.

PMID- 6383694
TI  - Direct and indirect chemical exposure in children.
AB  - Like adults, children are at risk from chemicals in the environment; unlike
      adults, the cause of their risk is due to developmental factors. Because organs
      such as the brain are developmentally incomplete in children, there is the
      potential for effects on maturation that are not seen in the adult. Environmental
      and occupational safety considerations need to include children because of the
      potential for toxins to be transported--for example, via clothing and the air we
      breathe.

PMID- 6383692
TI  - The role of opioid peptides in the hormonal responses to acute exercise in man.
AB  - Opioid involvement in the physiological and hormonal responses to acute exercise
      was investigated in six normal male subjects. Each was exercised to 40% (mild
      exercise) and 80% (severe exercise) of his previously determined maximal oxygen
      consumption on two occasions, with and without an infusion of high-dose naloxone.
      The exercise task was a bicycle ergometer; mild and severe exercise were
      performed for 20 min each, followed by a recovery period. Exercise produced the
      expected increases in heart rate, blood pressure, ventilation, tidal volume,
      respiratory rate, oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. After severe
      exercise, naloxone infusion increased ventilation from 94.8 +/- 4.9 litres/min to
      105.7 +/- 5.0 litres/min (P less than 0.05), but had no effect on any of the
      other physiological variables. Exercise-induced changes in several hormones and
      metabolites were noted, including elevations in circulating lactate, growth
      hormone (GH), prolactin, cortisol, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating
      hormone (FSH), adrenaline noradrenaline, plasma renin activity (PRA) and
      aldosterone. There was no change in plasma met-enkephalin. Naloxone infusion
      produced the expected increases in LH and cortisol, but also significantly
      enhanced the elevations in prolactin, adrenaline, noradrenaline, plasma renin
      activity and aldosterone (P less than 0.05). Psychological questionnaires
      revealed minor mood changes after exercise, but no evidence was found for the
      suggested 'high' or euphoria of exercise. Effort was perceived as greater during
      the naloxone infusion than the saline infusion in every subject.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6383695
TI  - Resources available for patient evaluation.
AB  - The availability of resources to aid in the assessment of chemical hazards as
      etiologic agents of disease is limited. Resources are slowly expanding, however,
      and the nature of these is discussed.

PMID- 6383696
TI  - Relationship between dose and health effects.
AB  - The health effects produced by chemicals depend on the inherent toxicity of the
      chemical and the dose received by the exposed individual. Health effects are
      modified by genetic make-up, life style, nutrition, and interaction with other
      chemicals. In some situations it may be difficult to impossible to determine
      through epidemiologic studies whether exposure to chemicals (naturally occurring
      or synthetic) has caused harm. For all practical purposes, the risk associated
      with minuscule doses of most chemicals is negligible.

PMID- 6383697
TI  - Overview of the pathology of pulmonary emphysema in the human.
AB  - While the anatomic definition of emphysema has been adopted for more than 20
      years, the precise application of the definition to the lung is not established.
      This article examines the application of the definition, pointing out that
      emphysema may differ from normal in a quantitative rather than a qualitative way.
      Then the author reviews the functional abnormalities that are associated with
      emphysema and speculates why airflow obstruction and abnormal gas exchange are
      associated with it.

PMID- 6383698
TI  - Evaluating exposures to plants.
AB  - Most clinical problems due to plant exposures result from experimentation with or
      overt abuse of plant parts and extracts. Plant exposures may present as complex
      pharmacologic problems that challenge the diagnostic and therapeutic skills of
      the physician. Although specific physiologic antagonists (antidotes) may exist
      for specific intoxications, basic decontamination and supportive techniques are
      often all that may be offered.

PMID- 6383701
TI  - The deleterious effects of dogs on human health: 2. Canine zoonoses.

PMID- 6383699
TI  - Pathologist's role in product-related deaths.
AB  - The forensic pathologist can provide invaluable aid in all product liability
      death cases, regardless of the theory of recovery being used. Depending on the
      circumstances of the individual case, an attorney may emphasize the role of the
      pathologist as the initial investigator of the cause of death for the local
      government, as private consultant in the preparation and development of the case,
      or as expert witness on the issues of defect and causation.

PMID- 6383700
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of basement membrane components and interstitial
      collagen types in preovulatory rat ovarian follicles.
AB  - Cryosections of ovaries from rats treated with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin
      (PMSG) were immunostained with antibodies against collagen types, I, III, IV and
      V, laminin and heparan sulphate proteoglycan using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase
      technique. A uniform belt-like staining was observed between the granulosa and
      theca interna layers with antibodies against type IV collagen, laminin and
      heparan sulphate proteoglycan. Interstitial collagens type I and III stained the
      connective tissue in the theca externa layer but gave only faint staining in the
      area between the granulosa and theca interna zones. If the PMSG-treated rats were
      injected with human chorionic gonadotropin the number of follicles that showed a
      discontinuous, ragged or disrupted staining reaction in the area between the
      granulosa and theca interna layers was clearly increased. Surprisingly in such
      cases also a punctate staining reaction was seen in the basal granulosa cells.
      When the rats were injected with radioactive human chorionic gonadotropin, most
      of the ovarian follicles were labeled within 2 hours. These follicles still
      showed a continuous staining reaction with antibodies against basement membrane
      components at the border of the granulosa and theca interna cell layers. These
      results suggest that there is a basement membrane-like structure in Graafian
      follicles between the granulosa cells and theca interna layer, and that this
      basement membrane is disrupted after human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation.

PMID- 6383702
TI  - Fatty acid synthesis in brown adipose tissue of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones
      unguiculatus): influence of acclimation temperature on synthesis in brown adipose
      tissue and the liver in relation to whole-body synthesis.
AB  - Fatty acid synthesis was measured in vivo with 3H2O in Mongolian gerbils
      acclimated at different temperatures. At 31 degrees C the highest rate of
      synthesis was in the liver, and the liver accounted for approximately one half of
      whole-body synthesis. At 20 and 40 degrees C, the highest synthesis rate (per g
      tissue) occurred in brown adipose tissue, and this tissue was estimated to
      account for some 15% of whole-body synthesis at both these temperatures. In
      contrast to other rodent species whole-body fatty acid synthesis in the Mongolian
      gerbil was lower in cold-acclimated than warm-acclimated animals, despite the
      cold-induced increase in energy intake.

PMID- 6383703
TI  - The reproducibility of interpretation of 10 computer ECG systems by means of a
      microprocessor-based ECG signal generator.
AB  - The use of computer ECG systems has become widespread in Japan, and many new
      models are available. In order to provide a method for comparative evaluation, a
      microprocessor-based ECG signal generator was built. This generator was used to
      compare 10 of the computer ECG systems which are currently available in Japan.
      Since the generator can produce a precisely defined wave form, it is particularly
      suited for testing the reproducibility of diagnostic interpretation. Several
      deficiencies of some current ECG analysis systems were noted. Specifically in
      three systems, there was interference of the interpretation of morphology with
      the interpretation of rhythm when WPW-like patterns were analyzed. The current
      evaluation concentrates on the reproducibility of interpretation in the tested
      systems. As the library of test ECG patterns is expanded in the future, the
      technique will also become applicable to the evaluation of diagnostic accuracy.

PMID- 6383704
TI  - Computer-assisted education system for arrhythmia (CAESAR).
AB  - A computer-assisted education system for arrhythmia (CAESAR) was developed for
      students to acquire the ability to logically diagnose complicated arrhythmias.
      This system has a logical simulator of cardiac rhythm using a mathematical model
      of the impulse formation and conduction system of the heart. A simulated
      arrhythmia (ECG pattern) is given on a graphic display unit with simulated series
      of the action potential of five pacemaker centers and the "ladder diagram" of
      impulse formation and conduction, which show the mechanism of that arrhythmia.
      For the purpose of the evaluation of this system, 13 medical students were given
      two types of tests concerning arrhythmias before and after 2-hr learning with
      this system. The scores they obtained after learning increased significantly from
      73.3 +/- 11.9 to 93.2 +/- 3.0 (P less than 0.001) in one test and from 47.2 +/-
      17.9 to 64.9 +/- 19.6 (P less than 0.001) in another one. These results proved
      that this CAI system is useful and effective for training ECG interpretation of
      arrhythmias.

PMID- 6383705
TI  - An overview of CT based stereotactic systems for the localization of intracranial
      lesions.
AB  - Computed tomography, with its inherent accuracy in identifying and localizing
      intracranial lesions, has been adapted by several groups for use in stereotactic
      neurosurgical procedures. The systems range from the use of data obtained on
      conventional CT scans to installation of a dedicated CT scanner in the operating
      room equipped for stereotactic surgery. Although the GE-8800 scanner is used most
      frequently, others are also suitable. Adaptations of standard commercially
      available stereotactic frames are used by some groups while others designed
      frames specifically for this purpose. The paper is an overview of systems
      described in the literature to date.

PMID- 6383706
TI  - [Notes on "Cassandra". 1 (Florence Nightingale)].

PMID- 6383707
TI  - [At completion of the translation of the "Notes on Lying-in Institutions". A
      discussion].

PMID- 6383708
TI  - Intravenous digital pulmonary angiography for the diagnosis of pulmonary
      embolism.

PMID- 6383709
TI  - CT-guided stereotactic neurosurgery. A preliminary report using the Gouda frame
      and stereotactic system.

PMID- 6383710
TI  - Physician reimbursement under Medicare: reimbursement options. American Medical
      Association.

PMID- 6383711
TI  - Physicians' involvement with Medicare. AMA Center for Health Policy Research.

PMID- 6383712
TI  - Pitfalls in immunofluorescence testing in dermatology. III. Pemphigus-like
      antibodies in the horse and direct immunofluorescence testing in equine
      dermatophilosis.
AB  - Indirect immunofluorescence testing for pemphigus-like antibodies was performed
      on 79 horses: 28 horses with various nonpemphigus dermatologic diseases, 21
      horses with various nondermatologic diseases, and 30 normal horses. Pemphigus
      like antibodies were detected in 6 horses: 3 normal horses with titers of 1:40, 2
      horses with dermatophilosis at titers of 1:10 and 1:80, and 1 horse with
      lymphosarcoma at a titer of 1:320. It was concluded that equine pemphigus-like
      antibodies are a potential source of misinterpretation and misdiagnosis in
      indirect immunofluorescence testing. Direct immunofluorescence testing for whole
      immunoglobulin, IgG, IgM, and IgA was performed on skin lesions from 2 horses
      with dermatophilosis. Diffuse intercellular deposition of whole immunoglobulin
      and IgG was found in both horses. It was concluded that equine dermatophilosis is
      a potential source of misinterpretation and misdiagnosis in direct
      immunofluorescence testing.

PMID- 6383714
TI  - The hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor.
AB  - Asialo- (i.e., galactose-terminal) glycoproteins are specifically and avidly
      recognized by a mammalian hepatic parenchymal cell receptor. This receptor,
      itself a glycoprotein, binds ligand molecules and directs their delivery to
      lysosomes for catabolism. The receptor is reutilized during this process of
      receptor-mediated endocytosis. Ligand specificity is conferred by galactose or N
      acetyl-galactosamine at the nonreducing termini of the oligosaccharide chains.
      The receptor appears to be a transmembrane protein and is localized both to the
      cell surface as well as to several membranous intracellular compartments.

PMID- 6383713
TI  - Physical training in patients after myocardial infarction. Review article.

PMID- 6383715
TI  - Thin filament proteins and thin filament-linked regulation of vertebrate muscle
      contraction.
AB  - Recent developments in the field of myofibrillar proteins will be reviewed.
      Consideration will be given to the proteins that participate in the contractile
      process itself as well as to those involved in Ca-dependent regulation of
      striated (skeletal and cardiac) and smooth muscle. The relation of protein
      structure to function will be emphasized and the relation of various
      physiologically and histochemically defined fiber types to the proteins found in
      them will be discussed.

PMID- 6383716
TI  - Age, species, breed, sex, and nutrition effect on hide collagen.
AB  - The hide of an animal previously used for leather may be upgraded in value
      through its expanded use as a food additive. While not a complete protein,
      collagen--the main protein of hide--may provide desirable functional properties
      within a food system. This protein is now abundant and will increase as new forms
      of meat become prevalent. Along with hide, collagen is being generated from hand
      separated meat for restructuring, desinewed meat, and bone. This review paper is
      designed to learn more about the effect of animal age, species, breed, sex, and
      nutrition on hide collagen. There is general agreement that age not only causes
      an increase in physical strength of the collagen fiber, through altering the
      degree of cross-linking, but the quantity of soluble and insoluble collagen also
      changes.

PMID- 6383717
TI  - Freeze concentration of fruit juices.
AB  - Concentration of aqueous foods such as fruit juices, milk, beer, wine, coffee,
      and tea, is a major unit operation in the food industry. Technically feasible
      processes that are commercially available for the concentration of liquid foods
      include evaporation, freeze concentration, reverse osmosis, and ultrafiltration.
      Evaporation is considered to be the most economical and most widely used method
      of concentration. However, it is not suited for food products with very delicate
      flavors. Commercial processes for the concentration of such products by membrane
      separation techniques are not yet available. As compared to the conventional
      evaporation processes, concentration by freezing is potentially a superior and
      economic process for aroma-rich liquid foods. In the past, the process, however,
      was seldom used because of the investment cost and the considerable loss of
      concentrate in the withdrawn ice, and hence, the quality. Recent technological
      developments have minimized these two drawbacks associated with the earlier
      freeze concentration processes. In the coming decade, freeze concentration is
      seen as a potentially attractive method for the concentration of aroma-rich
      liquid foods, including fruit juices, coffee, tea, and selected alcoholic
      beverages. In this article, several aspects of the theoretical considerations
      behind freeze concentration of fruit juices, the development of new and cheaper
      designs, and commercially available freeze concentration processes are reviewed.
      The economics of the process and its application to several other areas of the
      food industry are also discussed.

PMID- 6383719
TI  - The pericardium in health and disease.

PMID- 6383720
TI  - The surgical treatment of morbid obesity.

PMID- 6383721
TI  - Surgical adjuvant immunotherapy for lung cancer: a review.

PMID- 6383722
TI  - Insulin and glucagon have insignificant inotropic properties in the normal and
      septic isolated rat heart.

PMID- 6383718
TI  - Medulloblastoma: recent advances and directions in diagnosis and management--Part
      I.

PMID- 6383723
TI  - Molecular biology of S16 (SA7) and some other simian adenoviruses.

PMID- 6383724
TI  - Organization, integration, and transcription of transforming genes of oncogenic
      human adenovirus types 12 and 7.

PMID- 6383725
TI  - Nucleotide sequences of adenovirus DNAs.

PMID- 6383726
TI  - Expression of cellular oncogenes.

PMID- 6383727
TI  - Properties of the myc-gene product: nuclear association, inhibition of
      transcription and activation in stimulated lymphocytes.

PMID- 6383729
TI  - Hepatitis virus B infection--indications for use of the vaccine.

PMID- 6383728
TI  - Coexpression of Lyb-2 and Mac-1 by murine lymphomas and subpopulations of normal
      spleen and bone marrow cells.

PMID- 6383730
TI  - Reflections of a dermatology professor.
AB  - During the past twenty years while wearing the hats of resident, fellow,
      physician, researcher and professor, I have made several observations which I
      wish to share.

PMID- 6383731
TI  - Bullous lichen sclerosus et atrophicus on the palms and wrists.
AB  - A 54-year-old woman with bullous lichen sclerosus et atrophicus of the palms and
      wrists is presented. The location of the disease and the appearance of
      hemorrhagic bullae within the lesions are unusual.

PMID- 6383732
TI  - Hyperelasticity syndromes.
AB  - A review of hyperelasticity syndromes is included. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome,
      pseudoxanthoma elasticum, cutis laxa and Marfan's syndrome are discussed.

PMID- 6383733
TI  - Toxic epidermal necrolysis following bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) has been reported following bone marrow
      transplantation. This rare and unfortunate complication may portend fatal
      outcome. We report on a patient with an allogeneic bone marrow transplant and
      graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in whom TEN subsequently developed. In contrast
      to a previously reported case, our patient survived and is well two years after
      bone marrow engraftment.

PMID- 6383734
TI  - SCH 370 (clotrimazole-betamethasone dipropionate) cream in patients with tinea
      cruris or tinea corporis.
AB  - The safety and efficacy of SCH 370 (1 percent clotrimazole/0.05 percent
      betamethasone dipropionate) cream was compared with each of its individual
      components in 331 patients with tinea cruris or tinea corporis. The study was a
      multicentered, randomized, double-blind, parallel-groups design. The patients
      received one of three treatments applied twice a day for two weeks and returned
      for a follow-up visit two weeks after the last application. Total signs and
      symptoms scores of infections were evaluated at baseline, once between days three
      to five, and after weeks one, two, and four. Culture and potassium hydroxide
      preparations were done at baseline and weeks two and four. SCH 370 cream
      demonstrated more rapid therapeutic activity than the antifungal agent alone,
      resulting in significantly better clinical results in early treatment and in
      midtreatment. As expected with a steroid, betamethasone dipropionate achieved
      relief of inflammatory signs and symptoms early in the course of treatment, but
      SCH 370 was superior from one week on in the patients with tinea cruris and at
      post-treatment in the patients with tinea corporis. Mycologically, SCH 370 cream
      and clotrimazole were comparable at the end of the study and results were
      significantly better than those for betamethasone dipropionate. All three
      treatments were safe with no reports of unexpected or serious adverse
      experiences.

PMID- 6383735
TI  - A comparative study of amcinonide and halcinonide in the treatment of eczematous
      dermatitis.
AB  - Thirty-three patients with acute or subacute eczematous dermatitis were treated
      for two weeks in a double-blind, parallel-group study to compare the efficacy and
      cosmetic acceptability of 0.1 percent amcinonide cream and 0.1 percent
      halcinonide cream. Patients in both treatment groups showed significant (p less
      than 0.05) improvement from baseline for most signs and symptoms at the three
      evaluation times (days 3, 7, and 14). Comparisons between groups showed no
      significant differences at any evaluation except at day 14, when the amicinonide
      treated patients had significantly (p = 0.04) less edema. The physician's
      evaluations were not significantly different except at day 7, when the
      halcinonide patients showed significantly (p = 0.04) more overall improvement.
      The patients' overall evaluations were not significantly different at any time.
      In general, both creams were cosmetically acceptable. At day 3, seven amcinonide
      patients noted skin tightening compared to one halcinonide patient; four
      halcinonide patients (as well as two at day 7 and one at day 14) reported
      stinging compared to only one amcinonide patient. In addition, two halcinonide
      patients reported a burning sensation at one or more evaluations compared to no
      such reports from amcinonide patients. One other side effect, a metallic taste in
      the mouth, occurred in a halcinonide-treated patient.

PMID- 6383736
TI  - The metabolism of iodothyronines in health and disease with special reference to
      diiodothyronines.

PMID- 6383737
TI  - The effect of potassium on some nephrotoxic actions of lithium in rats.

PMID- 6383738
TI  - Continuous ambulatory electrocardiography in healthy adult subjects over a 24
      hour period. Clinical data, and evaluation of instruments for ambulatory
      electrocardiography.

PMID- 6383739
TI  - Endometrial cancer. A review.

PMID- 6383740
TI  - Treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with corticosteroids.
      Comparison of daily vs alternate-day therapy.
AB  - We compared the efficacy of corticosteroid therapy initiated as an alternate-day
      regimen to that of a four-times-daily regimen in patients with stable chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease. In this double-blind study, 44 patients with
      moderate to severe COPD (mean FEV1 740 +/- 310 ml) were hospitalized and randomly
      allocated to receive methylprednisolone, 8 mg qid, 64 mg qod, or placebo for a
      ten-day period. The mean FEV1 and FVC improved significantly to a comparable
      degree in both steroid-treated groups, but not in the placebo-treated group.
      Eight of the 29 steroid-treated patients (28 percent) had improved FEV1 of more
      than 25 percent compared with only one of the 15 placebo-treated patients. Those
      in the qod group also had notable improvement in SaO2. Although the correlation
      between the improvement after the administration of nebulized bronchodilators and
      that after corticosteroid therapy was significant, some patients had more than a
      25 percent improvement in their FEV1 with corticosteroids, but less than a 10
      percent improvement after nebulized bronchodilators. We conclude that a
      substantial proportion of all patients with stable COPD will have a greater than
      25 percent improvement in their flow rates with corticosteroid administration.
      Since the response to a qod regimen is comparable to that of a qid regimen, and
      since the qod regimen is associated with fewer side effects, we recommend that a
      qod regimen be tried initially.

PMID- 6383741
TI  - Lorcainide. A comparative trial with quinidine gluconate in patients with
      previously untreated ventricular arrhythmias.
AB  - The efficacy of a new antiarrhythmic agent, lorcainide, was compared with that of
      quinidine gluconate in a fixed-dose, randomized, crossover trial. Of 26
      previously untreated patients with frequent ventricular ectopic beats documented
      by 24-hour ambulatory monitoring, 17 completed four weeks of therapy with
      quinidine and 12 with lorcainide. Of 22 patients receiving both drugs, early
      termination of therapy due to side effects occurred in ten (45 percent) patients
      receiving lorcainide and five (23 percent) receiving quinidine. Lorcainide (100
      mg twice daily or three times daily, dependent on body weight) effectively
      suppressed ventricular arrhythmias in seven of 12 (58 percent) patients
      completing four weeks of therapy, and suppression by quinidine gluconate (324 mg
      three times daily) occurred in five of 12 (59 percent) patients. We conclude that
      in a dose of 100 mg twice or three times daily, lorcainide is as effective as
      quinidine gluconate, 324 mg three times daily, for the suppression of chronic
      ventricular arrhythmias. However, the high incidence of adverse reactions
      experienced with lorcainide make it an unacceptable agent for first-line
      antiarrhythmic therapy.

PMID- 6383743
TI  - Managing the asymptomatic carotid bruit.

PMID- 6383742
TI  - Role of humoral mediators in adult respiratory distress syndrome.

PMID- 6383745
TI  - [Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the pancreas].

PMID- 6383744
TI  - A calcium-rich intraspindle membrane system in spermatocytes of wolf spiders.
AB  - The meiotic spindle of spermatocytes of two wolf spiders contains a highly
      organized system of ER-like membranes. In cells observed ultrastructurally at
      early prometaphase, these membranes completely invest each bivalent and are
      present in the periphery of the spindle in association with the centrosomes. By
      metaphase each bivalent and its kinetochore fibers are completely encased in a
      tube of this membrane. We have treated living spermatocytes with the permeant,
      fluorescent-chelate probe, chlorotetracycline (CTC) to determine whether or not
      the intraspindle membrane system is rich in associated Ca2+. Spider testes were
      dissected into PIPES-buffered saline containing 200 microM CTC and were kept in
      this solution for 10 min. Autofluorescence controls were prepared by incubation
      in saline without CTC, and nonspecific effects of CTC were assessed by incubation
      for 10 min in 200 microM oxytetracycline (OTC). Neither unstained nor OTC-treated
      spermatocytes emit significant fluorescence. In contrast, CTC treatment yields
      bright, punctate fluorescence, which coincides with the distribution of the
      mitochondria. The plasma membrane is only weakly fluorescent, while the nuclear
      envelope exhibits prominent fluorescence. The chromosomes are not fluorescent
      during prophase, but after nuclear envelope breakdown, they become outlined by
      dim, but distinct fluorescence. As spindle formation commences, the CTC signal
      from the intraspindle membrane system becomes strong. In some cells, thin lines
      of CTC fluorescence are apparent in the metaphase half spindle; this fluorescence
      pattern mimics the distribution of the intraspindle membrane system and suggests
      that it is rich in associated Ca2+. We suggest that the intraspindle membrane
      system functions in the regulation of cytosolic Ca2+ during meiosis through
      sequestration of the cation.

PMID- 6383746
TI  - Phytohemagglutinin-induced diarrheal disease.
AB  - A purified plant lectin, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), or crude red kidney bean (RKB)
      from which it was derived, when incorporated as 1% of dietary protein into a
      purified casein protein diet caused weanling rats to fail to grow or lose weight
      in comparison to control animals pair fed an isonitrogenous, isocaloric diet.
      Feeding PHA was observed to cause diarrhea: fecal wet and dry weights were
      increased within 2 days after starting the diet. Increased fecal weight was
      caused by increased dry weight as well as by an increased fecal water content. On
      reversion to a normal casein diet, rapid amelioration of the antinutritional
      effects of PHA occurred with resumption of normal growth rate. Specific binding
      of PHA to the microvillus region of the small intestinal epithelium was
      demonstrated using rabbit anti-PHA and fluorescein-labeled goat anti-rabbit
      immunoglobin. PHA binding was observed after chronic intake in the diet or when
      applied to normal tissue in vitro. Loss of PHA binding to the intestine was
      observed to occur within 48 hr on reversion to a control casein diet. No
      significant morphological damage to the microvilli or the mucosal villus
      architecture was observed to accompany PHA adherence under these experimental
      conditions. Antinutritional and antiabsorptive effects of dietary PHA were
      associated with diarrhea. PHA adhered to the microvillus membrane of the small
      intestinal villus surface during the diarrheal state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6383747
TI  - Ultrasound survey of gallstones and other hepatobiliary disorders in patients
      with Crohn's disease.
AB  - Abdominal ultrasound was performed in conjunction with liver function tests in 38
      patients with small bowel Crohn's disease and a similar number of age- and sex
      matched healthy controls. Five (13%) patients had had previous cholecystectomies
      for cholelithiasis, and eight (21%) were found to have gallstones on ultrasound.
      Thus, a total of 34% of patients as compared with 8% of controls had gallstones
      (P less than 0.01). Compared with 8% of controls, 53% of patients had evidence of
      at least one biochemical or ultrasonic hepatobiliary abnormality (P less than
      0.001). A bright liver echo pattern may be indicative of portal triaditis. The
      high prevalence of gallstones in Crohn's disease should be considered in any
      patient who continues to complain of abdominal pain despite otherwise appearing
      to be in remission.

PMID- 6383748
TI  - Pancreatitis. The role of lysosomes.

PMID- 6383749
TI  - Gentamicin disposition and effect on development of renal function in the very
      low birth weight infant.
AB  - The steady-state pharmacokinetics, renal function and quantitative beta 2
      microglobulin (beta 2-M) excretion were prospectively evaluated in 22 very low
      birth weight (VLBW) infants (700-1,470 g birth weight and 25-33 weeks gestational
      age) receiving 2.4 mg/kg gentamicin at randomly assigned 12- or 18-hour dosing
      intervals. Gentamicin trough concentrations were significantly lower in only
      those infants greater than 1,000 g birth weight on the 18-hour schedule (p less
      than 0.05). ESTRIP analysis of gentamicin disposition at steady state revealed a
      biexponential function with half-life (mean +/- SEM), 9.78 +/- 0.86 h, plasma
      clearance 0.64 +/- 0.06 ml/kg/min and volume of distribution 0.50 +/- 0.03
      liter/kg. Serum creatinine at steady state correlated with half-life (p less than
      0.01), plasma clearance (p less than 0.01), and trough levels (p less than
      0.001). Despite the frequent occurrence of gentamicin trough levels persistently
      greater than 2.0 micrograms/ml, renal function matured normally as serum
      creatinine progressively decreased (p less than 0.001) and creatinine clearance
      progressively increased (p less than 0.001) with advancing conceptional age.
      Urinary excretion of beta 2-M, thought to be a marker of proximal tubular damage
      from gentamicin, did not correlate with elevated trough levels, and was in fact
      lower in those infants with the highest measured trough levels (p less than
      0.001). Nephrotoxicity was suspected in only 2 infants both of whom had
      additional renal insult during the first few days of life. Despite the frequent
      occurrence of elevated gentamicin trough levels and prolonged elimination half
      life in these VLBW infants, their renal function matured normally throughout
      therapy and nephrotoxicity from gentamicin, as evidenced by beta 2
      microglobulinuria, did not occur.

PMID- 6383750
TI  - [Normal lymphocyte killers in the mechanism of the selective physiological
      recognition and destruction of old erythrocytes].

PMID- 6383751
TI  - Studies on the effect of 4-methylpyrazole on methanol poisoning using the monkey
      as an animal model: with particular reference to the ocular toxicity.
AB  - Young cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were chosen as a model to
      investigate the ocular toxicity in animals poisoned with methanol and treated
      with 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP). The metabolism of methanol in the monkey was
      investigated after administration of 4-MP. Plasma levels of methanol, formic
      acid, 4-MP and 4-hydroxy-MP (4-OH-MP) were determined. After intramuscular
      injection, 4-MP was rapidly absorbed and depressed the elimination rate of
      methanol as well as the accumulation of formate in the blood. The results show
      the same great individual variations in monkeys as in humans regarding the
      susceptibility to methanol poisoning. Administration of a single dose of 5 g/kg
      induces a serious intoxication in most monkeys, causing death to some of them.
      Two monkeys receiving a single dose of 6 g/kg of methanol developed a serious
      initial inebriation and were treated with 4-MP. These monkeys survived and showed
      no signs of toxicity on ocular examinations which included ophtalmoscopy and
      electroretinogram (ERG) recordings.

PMID- 6383752
TI  - Alzheimer's disease: clinical features, pathogenesis, and treatment.
AB  - Alzheimer's disease is an insidious degenerative disease of the brain and is the
      leading cause of dementia in the U.S. Numerous etiologies have been postulated,
      including a large body of evidence suggesting a slow viral infection, possibly in
      genetically predisposed individuals, but this remains to be proven. Differential
      diagnosis is based primarily on exclusion of other treatable forms of dementia.
      Neurochemical studies suggest a cholinergic deficit; thus primary emphasis in
      treatment has been directed at enhancing cholinergic activity. Choline and
      lecithin supplementation generally has been ineffective. Results with
      physostigmine are encouraging and further studies with this drug prototype are
      needed. Physostigmine's clinical usefulness is limited, however, due to
      peripheral side effects and its short duration of action. Other pharmacological
      approaches, such as naloxone, neural metabolic enhancers, stimulants, and
      vasopressin analogs, have been investigated. The clinical features and pathology
      of the disease are reviewed.

PMID- 6383753
TI  - Evaluation of drugs used in the prophylaxis of neonatal conjunctivitis.
AB  - Administration of silver nitrate 1% solution into the eyes of the newborn has
      proven effective in the prophylaxis of gonococcal neonatal conjunctivitis. Silver
      nitrate, however, is not active against Chlamydia trachomatis, the most common
      cause of neonatal conjunctivitis. Also, silver nitrate commonly is associated
      with substantial chemical irritation. For these reasons, alternative agents are
      receiving increasing attention. Recently, erythromycin 0.5% and tetracycline 1%
      ophthalmic ointments were recommended by the Centers for Disease Control Venereal
      Disease Control Division for prophylaxis of neonatal conjunctivitis. Erythromycin
      has proven at least as effective as silver nitrate for gonococcal prophylaxis,
      can prevent chlamydial conjunctivitis in infants born to Chlamydia-positive
      mothers, and is associated with minimal complications. Clinical studies, however,
      demonstrating significant differences between erythromycin and tetracycline
      ophthalmic ointments are lacking. Well-controlled clinical studies comparing
      silver nitrate, erythromycin, and tetracycline prophylaxis are needed to
      determine the relative effectiveness of these agents.

PMID- 6383754
TI  - Vaccine-drug interactions.
AB  - Interaction between a vaccine and a drug has been reported only with influenza
      vaccine and four drugs (aminopyrine, phenytoin sodium, theophylline, and warfarin
      sodium), and with BCG vaccine and theophylline. Some of these interactions still
      are unconfirmed. The underlying mechanism of the interaction is thought to be due
      to the vaccine (as an interferon-inducer) inactivating the hepatic cytochrome P
      450 system; this results in depressed drug metabolism and reduced clearance.
      Because this is a nonspecific mechanism it could occur with other vaccines and it
      is possible that other vaccine-drug interactions are unrecognized. The clinical
      significance of vaccine-drug interactions is not fully determined; available
      evidence suggests that adverse reactions to warfarin or theophylline are rare
      after influenza vaccination and their possibility should not deter physicians
      from vaccinating those elderly patients at risk from influenza. Physicians
      should, however, monitor the response of these patients to medication in the
      immediate period following vaccination in case an adverse reaction occurs.

PMID- 6383755
TI  - Clinical pharmacokinetics of chlorpheniramine.
AB  - The clinical pharmacokinetics of chlorpheniramine are reviewed. Recent studies
      have established that the half-life of chlorpheniramine is longer than previously
      reported. Chlorpheniramine has a serum half-life of approximately 20 hours in
      adults, and elimination from the body is primarily by metabolism to monodesmethyl
      and didesmethyl compounds. The half-life is increased in the presence of renal
      dysfunction and decreased in children. The exact mechanism of the presystemic
      first-pass elimination and the effects of dose levels on the process presently
      are unclear. Biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic studies after single or
      multiple doses in humans reveal wide interindividual variations in
      pharmacokinetics. Age, dialysis, urinary pH and flow influence the elimination
      kinetics of chlorpheniramine. Attention is brought to major issues that need
      further clarification to optimize drug therapy with this antihistamine. The use
      of pharmacokinetic parameters of chlorpheniramine for clinical application is
      discussed.

PMID- 6383756
TI  - Reliability of aminoglycoside assay in hyperbilirubinemic serum using Emit and
      FPIA.

PMID- 6383757
TI  - [Photodermatitis bullosa generalisata].
AB  - Two observed cases indicate atypical forms of phyto-photodermatitis
      (photodermatitis bullosa striata). Unusual localisations or generalised outbreaks
      have to be taken into account in cases of sunbathing without clothes on. Power
      lawn mowers with rotating blades spread heracleum and other phototoxic juices via
      freshly cut grass, causing diffuse - as opposed to striped - manifestations on
      the uncovered skin areas. The most certain prevention of such a reaction is to
      known which few plants are responsible for phyto-photodermatitis and to avoid
      them in sunny weather. The plants should by no means be exterminated, even those
      (such as Heracleum mantegazzianum, "giant hogweed") which have a tendency to
      spread.

PMID- 6383758
TI  - [Scintigraphic diagnosis of bile leakage].
AB  - Specificity and sensitivity of cholescintigraphy for diagnosis of bile leakage
      were evaluated in a prospective study in 91 patients with partial liver resection
      and in 64 patients with liver transplantation. Sensitivity was found to be 0.93,
      specificity in the evaluable scintigrams 1.0. If all non-evaluable scintigrams
      are considered to be wrong, specificity was 0.83. Cholescintigraphy is a non
      invasive method without irritation of the patient with a high specificity and
      sufficient sensitivity for demonstration or exclusion of a leak. These leaks may
      arise not only postoperatively but also after biopsies, trauma or spontaneously.
      In cases of clinical suspicion cholescintigraphy should be used as primary
      investigational tool.

PMID- 6383759
TI  - [Diagnosis of recurrence and evaluation of the course of pancreatic cancer.
      Combined use of sonography and the new tumor marker CA 19-9].

PMID- 6383761
TI  - [Segmental matrix excision in the treatment of ingrowing toenails].

PMID- 6383760
TI  - [Treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon in scleroderma with a new stable prostacyclin
      derivative].
AB  - In a single-blind trial 25 patients with progressive scleroderma and Raynaud's
      phenomenon intravenous infusions of iloprost, a prostacyclin derivative
      (carbaprostacyclin), were given daily for five hours during a six-day hospital
      stay, after a comparable initial single placebo infusion. Duration, frequency and
      intensity of Raynaud symptoms improved in more than 75% of the patients. This
      improvement was objectified by telethermometry which demonstrated acral
      hyperthermia and significantly briefer rewarming after standardized cooling of
      the hands. In addition, there was more rapid healing of ulcerations and necroses
      of the digital pulp. A significant inhibition of ADP- and collagen-dependent
      platelet aggregation was demonstrated during the iloprost infusion. Side effects,
      such as headache, nausea and tiredness occurred only transitorily during the
      infusion, were individually highly variable, and then only at higher
      concentrations. A dosage of 2 ng/kg X min was tolerated by all patients.

PMID- 6383762
TI  - [Surgical indications in bleeding esophageal varices].

PMID- 6383763
TI  - [Sensitivity of the dipyridamole test. A placebo-controlled double-blind
      crossover study].
AB  - The sensitivity of the dipyridamole test was examined with the double-blind
      crossover technique in 30 patients with 2 or 3 coronary vessels disease,
      treatment-refractory stable angina and positive exercise ECG tests. On two
      successive days, according to a randomized code, patients received either 0.5
      mg/kg dipyridamole or a placebo, both given intravenously. The test was judged to
      be positive if during or immediately after the injection typical angina occurred
      which regressed after the subsequent intravenous injection of 0.24 g
      aminophylline within 3 minutes, or if the ECG showed signs of acute ischemia. The
      test was judged to be questionably positive if the anginal symptoms regressed
      spontaneously or later than 3 minutes after aminophylline injection. In a total
      of 13 of 30 patients (43%) the dipyridamole test was positive, while in a further
      4 (13%) it was questionably positive. Ischemic repolarization abnormalities
      occurred in 9 patients; 5 of them also had positive test signs of angina, in 2
      each the results were questionably positive or negative. In 13 patients there
      were neither anginal symptoms nor ECG changes. Thus the dipyridamole test with
      its low sensitivity is not suitable for the initial routine diagnosis of coronary
      heart disease.

PMID- 6383764
TI  - [Supervision and follow-up diagnosis in chronic pancreatitis].

PMID- 6383765
TI  - [Mebendazole therapy in echinococcosis. Long-term study and course parameters in
      8 patients].
AB  - Eight patients with inoperable echinococcosis, four each with the cystic or
      alveolar form, had received mebendazole (Vermox) at a daily dose of 1.5 g for an
      average of 27 months. In six patients with clinical symptoms the number of fever
      attacks fell by 60% and of hospital admissions by 54%, cholangitic and/or icteric
      attacks disappearing completely. Two patients had no recognizable symptoms,
      either before or after treatment. One woman with multilocular disease died of
      bleeding from esophageal varices. The immunological and morphological findings
      did not reveal any relationship to the clinical course. Apart from reversible
      leukopenia in one patient there were no serious side effects. These observations
      indicate a satisfactory effect of long-term treatment of inoperable
      echinococcosis with mebendazole.

PMID- 6383766
TI  - [Results of parasitological fecal studies of horses, dogs, cats and hedgehogs
      from 1974 to 1983].

PMID- 6383767
TI  - [Taxonomy of Gasterophilus larvae (Diptera:Gasterophilidae)].

PMID- 6383769
TI  - [Determination of the biological half-life of mimosine in rats].

PMID- 6383768
TI  - [The acceptable daily intake of mimosine for productive livestock and its
      importance in the use of Leucaena leucocephala in animal nutrition].

PMID- 6383770
TI  - [Current questions concerning the general toxicology of pesticides].

PMID- 6383771
TI  - [Monozygotic twins following the nonsurgical transfer of a deep-frozen and
      rethawed bovine embryo].

PMID- 6383772
TI  - [Sonographic study of the abdomen in small animals].

PMID- 6383773
TI  - [Oral replacement with zinc aspartate and zinc carbonate in zinc deficiency in
      rats].

PMID- 6383774
TI  - [Practical experience with the installation of a temporary rumen fistula in
      cattle with tympany (dorsal gas bubble) or foamy fermentation of ruminal
      contents].

PMID- 6383775
TI  - [Various current and future biotechnical methods in animal production].

PMID- 6383776
TI  - Pellagra in Kenya. Past and present.

PMID- 6383778
TI  - [Glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in relation to age in type-II diabetes-
      a contribution to the pathogenesis of type-II diabetes mellitus].
AB  - It is reported on investigations carried through between age at manifestation of
      a type II diabetes and stimulated insulin secretion. In a group of 130 recently
      manifested diabetics and non selected diabetics no differences between insulin
      secretion, stimulated by glucose (orally given) and glucagon could be found when
      we compared the resulted in dependence on the age. Patients were grouped in four
      classes of age: less than 50, 51 less than or equal to 60, 61 less than or equal
      to 70, greater than 70. Similar results of insulin secretion were to be seen as
      well in a group of diabetics, selected at random, when glucose-, tolbutamide- and
      glucagon stimulation of insulin secretion were evaluated as in patients first
      examined after longer diabetes duration (about 6,5 years, n = 51). The entire
      insulin secretion after all three stimuli was nearly identical with those of
      probands, who were examined immediately after the manifestation and 5 years later
      (n = 34). In diabetics both in investigations at the manifestation of the disease
      and after prolonged diabetes and in follow-up studies wee found no hints, that
      with progressing age and disease a reduction of insulin secretion in the type II
      develops. These findings contradict the assumption that a permanent hyperglycemic
      stimulus provokes a gradual loss of the B-cell function. With the manifestation
      of the disease already a change of the B-cell function seems to exist which
      remains constant in nearly the same degree. A possibly concomitant physiological
      process of aging evidently does not significantly influence the remaining
      function of the B-cells. The disturbed insulin secretion and the insulin
      resistance in type II diabetes seem to processes developing in parallel, which
      are being on the same pathogenetic principle.

PMID- 6383777
TI  - Practical therapeutics malaria chemoprophylaxis.

PMID- 6383779
TI  - [Effect of different saluretics on carbohydrate metabolism and blood pressure
      behavior in diabetics].
AB  - Authors checked values of the blood pressure as well as in 23 hypertensive
      diabetic patients during the antihypertensive therapy with hydrochlorothiazide
      (Spofa) and acetazolamide (Diluran Spofa) and compared it with values gained
      before the therapy was started. After a preceeding period patients received both
      remedies over a period of 9 weeks each, the sequence of the remedies being
      effected in two groups of twelve and eleven patients each. There were not found
      any differences in the glycaemia values during the follow up study. Blood
      pressure has been lowered after both diuretics but has even more diminished after
      the hydrochlorothiazide. We conclude that the use of small doses of thiazides in
      the treatment of high blood pressure can also recommended for diabetics, if by
      correct checking of the potassium values possible negative metabolic consequences
      can be avoided from the first.

PMID- 6383780
TI  - [Masticatory functional analysis--a myotonographic pilot study].

PMID- 6383781
TI  - [Mental disposition and stress as etiological factors in stomatognathic
      functional disorders].

PMID- 6383782
TI  - [Systematic periodontal treatment from the scientific viewpoint].

PMID- 6383783
TI  - [Orthodontic aspects of gaps in the anterior teeth].

PMID- 6383784
TI  - [Cast arrowhead clasp as an anchorage element for a maxillary resection
      prosthesis on the residual dentition].

PMID- 6383785
TI  - [Periodontal aspects of endosseous implants].

PMID- 6383786
TI  - Early development and tissue-specific patterns of insulin binding in chick
      embryo.
AB  - We studied the development of insulin binding to its receptor in chick embryos
      from days 2-18 of the 21-day incubation period. Using partially purified membrane
      preparations we found that insulin receptors on both brain and liver of day 18
      embryos were typical insulin receptors by multiple criteria. Specific insulin
      binding to preparations of whole embryos was not detected on day 2, but was
      present by day 3. Insulin receptors were present on both heads and bodies of
      embryos by day 4. Binding to liver and brains increased with development between
      days 8 and 18; however, the patterns of increase in the two tissues were quite
      distinct. In liver, binding was low on day 8, but increased markedly by day 14 (P
      less than 0.01). Increases after day 14 were less impressive. In contrast,
      binding to brain preparations was relatively well established by day 8 and did
      not change significantly between days 8 and 14. An abrupt increase occurred
      between days 14 and 16 (P less than 0.01), and a second increase took place
      between days 16 and 18. We have previously shown that insulin is present in chick
      embryos before known pancreatic development. The current demonstration that
      insulin receptors are also present early in embryogenesis makes it possible that
      insulin may influence the embryo at early stages. In addition, the different
      patterns of increases in insulin binding in liver and brain during mid- to late
      development suggest complex and tissue-specific mechanisms of regulation.

PMID- 6383787
TI  - Evidence for and characterization of specific high affinity binding sites for the
      gastric inhibitory polypeptide in pancreatic beta-cells.
AB  - High affinity binding sites have been found in membrane preparations from hamster
      beta-cell tumors by using radiolabeled gastric inhibitory polypeptide (125I-GIP).
      HPLC of 125I-GIP resulted in two major peaks (A III and B III), with identical
      specific binding. It was verified that peaks A III and B III stimulate insulin
      release from the isolated perfused rat pancreas to an extent at least equal to
      that obtained with unlabeled GIP at 10(-9) M. Natural GIP competitively inhibited
      the binding of 125I-GIP in the range of 10(-10) -10(-6) M and half-maximal
      inhibition was observed at 1.9 +/- 0.19 X 10(-9) M GIP. The number of high
      affinity sites was 219 +/- 8 fmol/mg protein and the dissociation constant was
      2.05 +/- 0.1 X 10(-9) M. None of 10 regulatory peptides tested exhibited any
      effect on the 125I-GIP binding at concentrations in the range of 10(-6) -10(-4)
      M. Consequently, saturable, high affinity and specific binding sites for the GIP
      have been found and characterized in the plasma membranes of beta-cells. This
      model can be of use in studying the interaction of GIP with its preponderant
      target tissue.

PMID- 6383788
TI  - Calcium mobilization in the pituitary gonadotrope: relative roles of intra- and
      extracellular sources.
AB  - GnRH stimulates pituitary gonadotropin release by a Ca+2-dependent mechanism.
      Indeed, while it is clear that Ca+2 fulfills the requirements of a second
      messenger, the relative roles of Ca+2 mobilized from intra- and extracellular
      sources have never been distinguished. In the present study we examined the
      requirements for intra- and extracellular Ca+2 by three different means. First,
      in static cultures we used a specific Ca+2 ion channel blocker, methoxyverapamil
      (D600), to block entry of extracellular Ca+2 into pituitary cell cultures to
      determine if brief elevation of intracellular Ca+2 (whether derived from external
      or internal sources) could support continued gonadotropin release. Studies over a
      wide range of GnRH concentrations indicated that blockade of Ca+2 entry into the
      gonadotrope (in the presence of continued occupancy of the GnRH receptor by the
      releasing hormone) resulted in termination of LH release. Second, compounds that
      stabilize intracellular Ca+2 (preventing its mobilization), such as 8-(N,N
      diethylamino)octyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate-HCl (TMB-8) and dantrolene
      (Dantrium), were shown not to alter the potency or efficacy of GnRH in
      stimulating LH release. Third, we used a system of perifused cells to measure the
      actions of D600, EGTA, or the removal of GnRH on stimulated LH release to
      correlate precisely the release process with access to Ca+2 in the extracellular
      compartment. The results of these studies suggest that LH release in response to
      GnRH is primarily dependent on Ca+2 mobilized from extracellular sources.
      Termination of accessibility to this Ca+2 pool also results in termination of
      release. The data are consistent with a model in which GnRH occupancy of its
      receptor regulates a plasma membrane Ca+2 ion channel; continued access to the
      extracellular Ca+2 pool is required for continued LH release.

PMID- 6383789
TI  - Modulation of bovine placental prostaglandin synthesis by an endogenous
      inhibitor.
AB  - An endogenous, heat-labile, inhibitor of prostanoid synthesis in maternal
      caruncle tissue of bovine placentomes was studied. Inhibitory activity was
      present in caruncle extracts from days 120-250 of gestation, but was not
      detectable at term (260-280 days). The disappearance of inhibitory activity
      coincided with an increase in the secretion of prostanoids by dispersed caruncle
      cells in culture. Coculture of caruncle cells from placentomes of 120-day
      gestation with fetal cotyledon cells resulted in suppression of prostanoid
      synthesis by the cotyledon cells. However, this inhibition was not observed in
      cocultures of dispersed caruncle cells and fetal cotyledon cells from term
      placentomes. Our findings indicate that an endogenous inhibitor modulates bovine
      placental prostaglandin synthesis. A decline in the level of this inhibitor at
      term may be one factor triggering increased prostanoid synthesis required for
      parturition.

PMID- 6383790
TI  - Progabide treatment in severe epilepsy: a double-blind cross-over trial versus
      placebo.
AB  - Twenty therapy-resistant epileptic patients entered a double-blind, randomized,
      two-period, cross-over trial comparing progabide (19.3-36 mg/kg/day) and placebo
      as add-on drugs to standard therapy. Each period lasted 6 weeks with a gradual
      crossover during 4 days. Five patients were dropped because of reasons unrelated
      to treatment. Among the 15 patients who completed the study, seven had partial,
      six primary generalized, and two secondary generalized epilepsies. Preexisting
      antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) ranging from one to three per patient (mean 2.2
      AEDs/patient) were maintained unchanged during the trial. Efficacy was assessed
      biweekly by means of total seizure counts, counts of each seizure type, and
      global clinical judgment. At the same time intervals, safety was assessed by
      means of reports of adverse events, clinical and neurological examination,
      laboratory tests, and measurement of plasma concentrations of progabide and
      associated AEDs. According to the clinical global judgment, eight patients were
      considered improved during progabide treatment. Seizures were reduced in 14 of 15
      patients during the progabide as compared with the placebo period. During the
      progabide period, the reduction of the total seizure count was 45 and 58% in two
      patients and 88-97% in six patients. A significant reduction of the total seizure
      number was observed in the progabide period as compared with the placebo period,
      both in the whole patient group (p less than 0.01) and in the two subgroups of
      patients with generalized (p less than 0.01) and partial (p less than 0.05)
      epilepsies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6383791
TI  - Gustave Flaubert's illness: a case report in evidence against the erroneous
      notion of psychogenic epilepsy.
AB  - The concept of psychogenic epilepsy was recently revived by Sartre (L'Idiot de la
      Famille, 1971-2) in relation to Gustave Flaubert's epilepsy, which he believed
      was secondary to hysterical neurosis and not due to a cerebral lesion. A detailed
      clinical description of Gustave Flaubert's personal and medical history from
      birth to death is provided. The relationships between his epileptic seizures and
      both his personal life and the response of others to the attacks are discussed,
      as is the interaction between seizure occurrence and his literary work and
      productivity. The various diagnoses made by medical and nonmedical persons during
      and after Flaubert's lifetime are then reviewed. Particular emphasis is given to
      Sartre's purely psychogenic interpretation of the seizures, to his total
      disinterest in their medical aspects, and to the fact that he did not obtain any
      medical opinions. It is shown that a definitive diagnosis can be made for
      Flaubert's illness--that of epilepsy associated with a quite normal psychosocial
      response by current standards. Moreover, the clinical nature of the seizures and
      other clinical details permit the more specific diagnosis of "complex partial
      epilepsy of occipital-temporal origin, secondary to lesion of the left posterior
      hemisphere with occasional secondary generalization of seizures." The concept of
      the existence of "psychogenic epilepsy" is reaffirmed as erroneous, despite the
      occasional precipitation of seizures in some individuals by psychological
      factors. Finally, Gustave Flaubert's case, like Dostoevski's, points to the
      possible coexistence of a serious and poorly controlled form of epilepsy with
      true literary genius without the latter being dependent in any way on the former.

PMID- 6383792
TI  - Spontaneous mutation frequencies in Salmonella: enhancement of G/C to A/T
      transitions and depression of deletion and frameshift mutation frequencies
      afforded by anoxic incubation.
AB  - Incubation of Salmonella typhimurium under anoxic conditions (0.1% oxygen or
      less) results in a substantial decrease in small (3-and 6-basepair) deletions in
      an A/T-rich region of the hisG gene in the hisG428 ochre mutant and also
      decreases the frequency of minus frameshift mutations in G/C-rich sequences in
      the his-D3052 and hisC3076 mutants. In contrast, the frequency of G/C-----A/T
      transition mutations increases substantially during anoxic growth of hisG46.
      Growth of revertants of strains carrying accessory deletions in the uvrB region
      of the Salmonella chromosome is drastically impaired on glucose minimal medium
      when oxygen partial pressures are below 0.1% oxygen.

PMID- 6383793
TI  - Mutagenic 1-nitropyrene in wastewater from oil-water separating tanks of gasoline
      stations and in used crankcase oil.
AB  - Wastewater collected from oil-water separating tanks of ten gasoline stations for
      a year was fractionated into diethyl ether-soluble neutral, acidic, and basic
      fractions. Mutagenicity of these fractions was measured with Salmonella
      typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 in the presence or absence of S9 mix. The
      neutral fractions showed high mutagenicity in the absence of S9 mix. Each neutral
      fraction was subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and
      fractionated. A 1-nitropyrene(1-NP)-corresponding fraction was collected and
      analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and HPLC to prove that
      wastewater contains 1-NP and to quantitate 1-NP in wastewater. GC-MS patterns
      showed the following molecular and fragment ion peaks of 1-NP: 247, 217, 201, and
      189. The amount of 1-NP in 36 samples of wastewater was 4.2-25,600 ng per liter
      of wastewater, and 1-NP accounted for 0.3-58.5% of the total mutagenicity of the
      neutral fractions. The other 19 samples of wastewater did not contain any
      detectable 1-NP. The mutagenicity of wastewater may be due to water from car
      washing and contamination by used crankcase oil. A Soxhlet extract of crankcase
      oil used in a gasoline was fractionated into three fractions as above.
      Mutagenicity was measured with strains TA98, TA100, TA98NR, and TA98/1,8-DNP6 in
      the absence or presence of S9 mix. The neutral fraction showed the highest
      mutagenicity with strain TA98 in the absence of S9 mix, and its mutagenicity was
      decreased in strains TA98NR and TA98/1,8-DNP6. The latter result indicates that
      the used engine-oil contained 1-NP and dinitropyrenes. Actually, the amounts of 1
      NP and 1,6-diNP in used crankcase oil were 138 and 2.0 ng per ml of oil,
      respectively, and these concentrations accounted for 0.45 and 2.7%, respectively,
      of the total mutagenicity of the neutral fraction with strain TA98 in the absence
      of S9 mix. Moreover, the concentrations of 1-NP and 1,6-diNP in used crankcase
      oil of a diesel engine were 349 and 31 ng per ml of oil, respectively, accounting
      for 0.9 and 12%, respectively, of the total mutagenicity of the neutral fraction
      in the same assay system.

PMID- 6383794
TI  - Suppressive effects of chemicals in mixture on the Salmonella plate test response
      in the absence of apparent toxicity.
AB  - There are chemicals that affect the number of his+ revertant colonies of
      Salmonella in the plate test at doses that are apparently nontoxic, but may be
      causing nonlethal, toxic effects. When mixed with mutagens, these chemicals
      reduce the numbers of his+ revertant colonies on the plate with no accompanying
      visible toxic effect on the background lawn. Some of these plates are
      indistinguishable from spontaneous control plates, leading to the possibility
      that the mutagens under test would be evaluated as nonmutagenic, or that the
      mutagenic response would be underestimated. The reduction in mutagen-induced
      revertant colonies in most cases is equivalent to the reduction in spontaneous
      revertants in the absence of mutagen. A spot test that permits a rapid screen of
      chemicals for inhibitory effects has been developed; a plate incorporation assay
      is used to confirm the effect. Toxic effects can be seen in the background lawns
      of plates examined at magnifications of 100X or greater.

PMID- 6383795
TI  - Mutagenicity of azo dyes following metabolism by different reductive/oxidative
      systems.
AB  - The mutagenic activity of a group of diazo dyes based on benzidine and its
      congeners was compared following metabolic activation of the dyes through
      sequential reduction and oxidation. The dyes were reduced by incubating them with
      either a suspension of rat cecal flora or a hamster S9 mix supplemented with
      flavin mononucleotide. The products of dye reduction were then subjected to
      oxidative metabolism by either Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 or by hamster liver
      S9; the resultant mutagenic activity was assayed with Salmonella typhimurium
      TA1538. Fifteen of the 17 compounds tested were mutagenic, and the degree of
      mutagenicity was affected by the activity of both the reduction and oxidation
      systems used. Purified dyes required a reductive step to become mutagenic, but
      several of the crude dyes did not. All the positive compounds, however, were more
      mutagenic when the reduction step was included. The mutagenicity of the purified
      dyes was equal to or greater than that of an equimolar amount of benzidine or
      appropriate benzidine congener. For the crude dyes, there were no consistent
      quantitative relationships between the mutagenicity of the dye and that expected
      from the benzidine moiety.

PMID- 6383796
TI  - Use of bronchoalveolar lavage to detect lung damage.
AB  - The assay of bronchoalveolar washings from acutely exposed animals has proven
      useful as a rapid screen for lung injury from inhaled airborne toxins. The screen
      is useful for choosing appropriate compounds and exposure levels for subsequent
      in-depth studies in which complete histopathologic evaluations will be made. An
      inflammatory response can be detected by the appearance of polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes and an increase in protein content of lung washings. The release of
      the cytoplasmic enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase, into the acellular portion of the
      lavage fluid serves as an indication of cell death or membrane damage. A large
      increase in some lysosomal enzymes has been found in the bronchoalveolar lavage
      fluids from animals chronically exposed to insoluble particles. Angiotensin
      converting enzyme has been found to be elevated in bronchoalveolar washings from
      animals with endothelial cell damage in the pulmonary capillaries. The
      correlation of these cellular and biochemical alterations in the bronchoalveolar
      lavage fluid with morphological indications of damage has served to validate this
      method of detecting acute lung injury. Further study is needed to validate
      indicators of developing chronic disease.

PMID- 6383797
TI  - Histogenesis of pancreatic carcinogenesis in the hamster: ultrastructural
      evidence.
AB  - Pancreatic carcinogenesis in the Syrian hamster, induced by beta-oxidized
      derivatives of N-nitroso-di-n-propylamine, constitutes a valuable model of human
      cancer of the exocrine pancreas. In both species the majority of tumors are
      adenocarcinomas: superficially, on the basis of their histological appearance,
      these appear to be ductal in origin. However, sequential analysis, by electron
      microscopy, of the development of pancreatic neoplasia in the hamster model
      indicates that acinar cells may participate in the histogenesis of "ductal"
      adenomas and carcinomas. Acinar cells appear to undergo changes in
      differentiation, including pseudoductular transformation, giving rise to a new
      population of cells that resemble ductular or centroacinar types. This new
      population may then proliferate to form, first, cystic foci and subsequently
      cystadenomas and adenocarcinomas. Mucous metaplasia appears to develop at late
      stages of tumor development. Although the participation of ductular and
      centroacinar cells in pancreatic carcinogenesis cannot be excluded, very few
      tumors arise from the ductal epithelium. It is possible that some human
      pancreatic adenocarcinomas may also have their origin from dysplastic acinar
      cells, by analogy with the hamster model: focal acinar dysplasia being common in
      human pancreatic cancer patients.

PMID- 6383798
TI  - Studies of pancreatic carcinogenesis in different animal models.
AB  - Pancreatic carcinomas can be induced in rat, guinea pig and hamster by a variety
      of carcinogens. The types of neoplasms which arise vary with the species of
      rodent. In the rat, they consist exclusively of acinar cells, in the other
      species the lesions are adenocarcinomas resembling those derived from pancreatic
      ductules and ducts, those in hamster more so than in guinea pigs. Careful
      sequential studies in the guinea pig and hamster suggest that acinar cells
      together with ductular and duct cells are involved in the genesis of duct
      adenocarcinomas. In each rodent model, the acinar cell appears to be quite
      sensitive to continued exposure to carcinogen. In each instance, acini undergo
      modulation, and in the guinea pig and hamster, permanent metaplastic
      transformation to ductlike structures. Such cells assume an enhanced capacity for
      cell proliferation which persists following cessation of carcinogen treatment.
      Other studies suggest that adult pancreatic acinar cells possess a surprising
      degree of plasticity. Their involvement in the pathogenesis of neoplasms
      resembling pancreatic ducts is not unlike other carcinogenic sequences where
      extensive cell modulation and metaplasia precede and are an integral part of the
      neoplastic transformation.

PMID- 6383799
TI  - Inhalation exposure methodology.
AB  - Modern man is being confronted with an ever-increasing inventory of potentially
      toxic airborne substances. Exposures to these atmospheric contaminants occur in
      residential and commercial settings, as well as in the workplace. In order to
      study the toxicity of such materials, a special technology relating to inhalation
      exposure systems has evolved. The purpose of this paper is to provide a
      description of the techniques which are used in exposing laboratory subjects to
      airborne particles and gases. The various modes of inhalation exposure (whole
      body, head only, nose or mouth only, etc.) are described at length, including the
      advantages and disadvantages inherent to each mode. Numerous literature citations
      are included for further reading. Among the topics briefly discussed are the
      selection of appropriate animal species for toxicological testing, and the types
      of inhalation studies performed (acute, chronic, etc.).

PMID- 6383800
TI  - The isolated perfused lung.
AB  - The unique nonrespiratory functions of the lungs have become more apparent in
      recent years. The isolated perfused lung model offers many advantages over other
      methods for the study of pulmonary metabolism, xenobiotic disposition and the
      influence of interactions among agents of different physical forms. Detailed
      descriptions of the experimental preparation are elements in evaluating and
      comparing data from various sources but these are frequently neglected. A
      discussion and critique of the following elements are provided in this review in
      order to elucidate the typical problems one might encounter in evaluating data:
      perfusate type, perfusion method, construction materials, ventilation method,
      temperature control, surgical procedure, microbiological contamination and
      evaluation criteria of the preparation. Examples are given where the IPL method
      has been applied and suggestions are made for future research efforts.

PMID- 6383802
TI  - Tissue slices in the study of lung metabolism and toxicology.
AB  - Lung tissue slices are model systems for the study of pulmonary metabolism.
      Because of the speed and simplicity of slice preparation, lung slices have been
      used in studies of oxygen, amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid utilization and
      adenine nucleotide metabolism. Dose-response characteristics for toxicants are
      readily described because multiple lung samples can be studied from the same
      animal or a population of animals. Lung slices prepared from animals exposed to
      oxidant air pollutants exhibit alterations in respiration, glucose consumption
      and lipid metabolism. These studies have indicated both direct toxic effects of
      air pollutants on enzyme systems and also air pollutant-induced changes in the
      cellularity of lungs.

PMID- 6383801
TI  - Isolated perfused lung preparation for studying altered gaseous environments.
AB  - The isolated perfused lung (IPL) preparation is ideally suited to investigate
      lung dynamics and cellular function, and is easily adapted to investigating
      biochemical and physiological responses to environmental insults. The IPL offers
      several advantages which permit one to study endothelial/epithelial interactions
      that are often disrupted with other model systems (e.g., isolated cells, minces,
      slices, homogenates, etc.). The IPL developed in our laboratory was devised for
      the rat lung and allows four lungs to be perfused simultaneously in which control
      over ventilation, flow, pressure, pH, PO2 and PCO2 can be maintained. Isolated
      lungs perfused for 1 to 2 hr at a flow rate of 10 mL/min exhibit less that 2%
      weight gain, maintain normal ATP levels, and exhibit linear substrate uptake.
      Mechanisms leading to changes in vascular and airway resistance, lipid
      metabolism, vasoactive hormones, blood gases and changes in vascular permeability
      mediated by environmental insults can be quantified in the IPL preparation.

PMID- 6383803
TI  - Heterotopic tracheal transplants: techniques and applications.
AB  - Heterotopic tracheal transplants, placed subcutaneously in syngeneic rats have
      been extensively used in our laboratory. The objective of these experiments was
      to study the toxic and/or carcinogenic effect of several compounds on the
      respiratory tract mucosa. This was attained by exposing the transplants to an
      intraluminal pettet containing the toxicant or carcinogen mixed with an adequate
      matrix (gelatin, beeswax, stearyl alcohol, silastic, etc.). By varying the
      concentration of the test chemicals, it is possible to study dose-response
      relationships, and by changing the pellet matrix, the effects of release rate
      (dose rate) can be analyzed. Several end points can be studied, such as
      histological changes in the mucociliary epithelium, changes in mucus secretion,
      tumor induction and changes in the in vitro behavior of the epithelial cells
      after in vivo exposure. In addition, by de-epithelializing the tracheal
      transplants and reseeding them with another cell population, e.g., from
      previously treated cell cultures or from human specimens and transplanting them
      subcutaneously in nude mice, completely new vistas on the effect of chemicals can
      be opened.

PMID- 6383805
TI  - Some aspects of equine placental exchange and foetal physiology.

PMID- 6383804
TI  - Alveolar type II and Clara cells: isolation and xenobiotic metabolism.
AB  - This paper describes one isolation procedure for two pulmonary cell types and
      discusses how these cells are being used for toxicological studies. Alveolar Type
      II cells and Clara cells have been isolated from rabbits and rats and separated
      into highly enriched fractions. The lungs were digested with protease, and the
      pulmonary cell digests were separated into discrete fractions on the basis of
      cellular size and density differences. Several studies have been conducted to
      compare the metabolism of xenobiotics in these cell types and three examples are
      discussed. The metabolic activation and covalent binding of the pulmonary toxin,
      4-ipomeanol was found to occur in both Clara and Type II cells in vitro, although
      to a much greater extent in the Clara cells. Also, the metabolism of several
      substrates, including 7-ethoxycoumarin, coumarin and benzo(a)pyrene, was compared
      in the isolated cell fractions and found to be much greater in the Clara cells
      than in the Type II cells. Immunohistochemical analysis and gel electrophoresis
      have also been used to demonstrate the presence of the two major rabbit pulmonary
      cytochrome P-450 isozymes in both the isolated Clara cells and alveolar Type II
      cells.

PMID- 6383806
TI  - Maternal and foetal endocrinology during late pregnancy and parturition in the
      mare.

PMID- 6383807
TI  - Insulin secretion and carbohydrate metabolism during pregnancy in the mare.

PMID- 6383808
TI  - Growth of the equine foetus.

PMID- 6383809
TI  - The renin-angiotensin system in mother and foetus.

PMID- 6383811
TI  - Studies on equine prematurity 4: Effect of salt and water loss on the renin
      angiotensin-aldosterone system in the newborn foal.
AB  - Plasma renin substrate concentration was measured in 18, four-day-old pony foals
      after the administration of the natriuretic agent frusemide. Thirteen foals had
      been delivered spontaneously; labour had been induced in the remaining five
      mares. Plasma aldosterone concentration was measured in 12 of the spontaneously
      delivered foals. Renin substrate concentration had risen sharply within 15 mins
      (P less than 0.005) and peaked at 1 h. The response was consistently greater in
      the induced foals. Serum sodium concentration fell rapidly in the induced foals
      (P less than 0.002 by 60 mins) but was better maintained in the spontaneous
      group. Individual serum potassium concentrations varied widely and were higher in
      both the induced group and smaller (30 kg or less) spontaneous foals. Plasma
      renin substrate concentration was positively correlated with plasma potassium in
      both groups (P less than 0.05, P less than 0.001 respectively). Plasma
      aldosterone rose significantly within 30 mins (P less than 0.025) and did not
      stabilise during the experiment. Plasma aldosterone was significantly correlated
      with renin substrate concentration in both lighter (P less than 0.005) and
      heavier (P less than 0.05) spontaneously delivered foals. It is suggested that
      maturation of renal sodium and potassium handling occurs late in gestation in the
      foal and is in part related to body mass. 'Premature' delivery following induced
      labour is associated with a more rapid loss of sodium when challenged with
      frusemide, even though the response of the renin-angiotensin system may be
      exaggerated.

PMID- 6383810
TI  - Studies on equine prematurity 3: Insulin secretion in the foal during the
      perinatal period.
AB  - The factors influencing beta cell function in the foetal and neonatal foal have
      been investigated in chronically catheterised foetal foals and in newborn foals
      delivered either spontaneously at term or by induction at different gestational
      ages. Insulin was detected in the foetal plasma from as early as 150 days of
      gestation (term = 340 days) and during the last third of gestation the foetal
      beta cells responded to exogenous administration of glucose and arginine and to
      endogenous variations in the glucose level. Insulin secretion by the foetal beta
      cells was depressed by anaesthesia and surgery. At birth, there was a significant
      positive correlation between the plasma concentrations of insulin and glucose
      irrespective of the maturity at birth or type of delivery (r = 0.86, n = 39, P
      less than 0.01). The slope of this relationship was significantly less than that
      relating the postoperative foetal concentration but only when delivery was
      difficult or prolonged was the beta cell sensitivity to glucose completely
      abolished. At birth, there were no significant differences in the plasma
      concentrations of insulin or glucose between full term foals delivered
      spontaneously or by induction. However, the spontaneously delivered foals showed
      a transient increase in the insulin concentration 15 mins after birth which was
      not observed in the full term foals delivered by induction. Plasma glucose
      concentrations were maintained during the 2 h after birth in the absence of
      sucking in both the induced and the spontaneously delivered full term foals.
      Premature foals had significantly lower plasma glucose concentrations at birth
      than full term foals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6383812
TI  - Hypothyroidism in the foal.
AB  - Hypothyroidism in the foal occurs as two entities because of the separate actions
      of thyroid hormones in regulation of metabolic rate and in cell differentiation.
      The hypometabolic state which results in inadequate thermogenesis and lethargy,
      occurs concurrently with a period when thyroid hormone secretion is inadequate.
      Also the severity of the concurrent symptoms is related to the degree of hormone
      inadequacy as measured by plasma concentrations of free T4 and T3. By contrast,
      the developmental lesions caused by hypothyroidism are often observed during
      periods when plasma thyroid hormone concentrations are normal. This is because
      during the development of most tissues there is a period during which deprivation
      of thyroid hormones leads to developmental defects which may first appear weeks
      or months later, by which time thyroid hormone levels may have returned to
      normal. In the foal the critical period for some developmental processes, eg,
      myelination, is before birth so it is difficult to confirm a pre-natal
      hypothyroid state as the cause of neonatal neuromuscular incompetence. Post natal
      developmental lesions of the epiphyses or ossification centres, for example, may
      also manifest themselves some weeks subsequent to the period during which
      hypothyroidism existed. Because confirmation of diagnosis using plasma hormone
      measurements is very difficult in the foal, and because the symptoms of
      hypothyroidism are not specific, the incidence of confirmed hypothyroidism in
      foals is low. However there is suggestive evidence that where awareness of the
      condition exists it is diagnosed frequently. The aetiology is obscure although
      diet has been implicated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6383813
TI  - Developments in management of the newborn foal in respiratory distress 1:
      Evaluation.
AB  - Developments in evaluation of newborn foals with respiratory distress are
      discussed. Major causes of respiratory distress are outlined and discussed in
      terms of the similar respiratory signs exhibited by foals with this clinical
      syndrome. History, physical examination, clinical pathology, chest radiography
      and blood gas analyses are discussed as important elements of the evaluation of
      the condition of these foals. Foals with respiratory disease are grouped into
      three major categories on the basis of clinical signs and arterial blood gas
      profiles. The evaluation of foals with respiratory distress is designed not only
      to reach an accurate diagnosis of the aetiology but also to define the foal's
      need for respiratory support.

PMID- 6383814
TI  - Developments in management of the newborn foal in respiratory distress 2:
      Treatment.
AB  - New developments in therapy for foals in respiratory distress are discussed.
      Therapy is based on preservation of the foal's life by maintenance of a patent
      airway, resuscitation with fluids and warmth, provision of humidified oxygen to
      raise the fractional concentration of inspired oxygen sufficient to avoid hypoxia
      and provision of ventilatory support when hypercapnia becomes critical.
      Ventilatory support described includes assisted and controlled ventilation,
      positive end expiratory pressure, continuous positive airway pressure and
      intermittent mandatory ventilation. The aims of these techniques are discussed
      together with their associated indications, disadvantages and complications.
      Secondary therapy includes coupage, airway hygiene, drug therapy and stress
      management. Knowledge of equine neonatology is limited in comparison with human
      neonatology. More information in basic physiology and pharmacology relating to
      equine neonatology is needed and the efficacy of various modes of therapy must be
      evaluated.

PMID- 6383815
TI  - Serratia marcescens septicaemia in a neonatal Arabian foal.

PMID- 6383817
TI  - [Bronchial asthma in childhood].

PMID- 6383816
TI  - [Prune belly syndrome].

PMID- 6383818
TI  - Software ergonomics: effects of computer application design parameters on
      operator task performance and health.

PMID- 6383819
TI  - Cloning the origin of transfer region of the resistance plasmid R1.
AB  - The insertion of a 7.7-kb EcoRI fragment of the resistance plasmid R1 into pBR325
      yielded a plasmid which is mobilizable by pDB12, a multicopy derivative of R1drd
      19 lacking most of the resistance determinants. The vector alone was not
      mobilizable in this system. From this observation we conclude that we have cloned
      the origin of transfer (oriT) of R1. After inserting a 5.3-kb PvuII-EcoRI
      fragment of the 7.7-kb region into pUC9 the DNA was cleaved randomly with DNaseI
      and BamHI linkers were attached to the ends. A subsequent BamHI digestion and
      electrophoretic separation of the resulting DNA molecules by their size allowed
      us to generate an ordered series of stepwise shortened plasmids. Plasmids with a
      deletion of approximately 3400 bp could no longer be mobilized. Since the next
      larger plasmid with 284 additional base pairs could be mobilized, we are able to
      confine the oriT location within this extra nucleotide stretch. The DNA sequence
      of this region was determined. Dominant features within the DNA region are a high
      AT content and five inverted repeats, which might function as recognition or
      substrate sites for proteins of the conjugational transfer system.

PMID- 6383820
TI  - The pro- and mature forms of the E. coli K-12 outer membrane phospholipase A are
      identical.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of the pldA gene, coding for the outer membrane (OM)
      phospholipase A of Escherichia coli K-12, and flanking sequences, was determined.
      Data were obtained from sequences of overlapping deletions which had been
      generated in vitro from both ends of the gene, using DNase I in the presence of
      Mn2+ and Bal31 nuclease. The deduced amino acid sequence of the pldA gene product
      is the first primary sequence of a membrane-bound phospholipase. The complete
      PldA protein contains 260 amino acids, which include a putative signal sequence,
      and has a calculated mol. wt. of 29 946 similar to that of the purified protein.
      Furthermore we found the N terminus of the purified protein to be blocked and the
      overall amino acid composition to be consistent with the one deduced from the
      complete pldA gene. Analysis of proteins synthesized in minicells with a pldA
      coding plasmid in the presence of 8% ethanol did not reveal any new bands on
      polyacrylamide gels, whereas the control beta-lactamase clearly showed its
      unprocessed form under the same conditions. These data are consistent with the
      empirical prediction from the primary sequence, that the PldA protein lacks any
      signal peptidase 'target' site. We therefore conclude that the PldA protein is
      exported to the OM without proteolytic removal of the signal peptide.

PMID- 6383821
TI  - Polypeptide chain elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1 alpha) from yeast: nucleotide
      sequence of one of the two genes for EF-1 alpha from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Messenger RNA for yeast cytosolic polypeptide chain elongation factor 1 alpha (EF
      1 alpha) was partially purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Double-stranded
      complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized and cloned in Escherichia coli with
      pBR327 as a vector. Recombinant plasmid carrying yEF-1 alpha cDNA was identified
      by cross-hybridization with the E. coli tufB gene and the yeast mitochondrial EF
      Tu gene (tufM) under non-stringent conditions. A yeast gene library was then
      screened with the EF-1 alpha cDNA and several clones containing the chromosomal
      gene for EF-1 alpha were isolated. Restriction analysis of DNA fragments of these
      clones as well as the Southern hybridization of yeast genomic DNA with labelled
      EF-1 alpha cDNA indicated that there are two EF-1 alpha genes in S. cerevisiae.
      The nucleotide sequence of one of the two EF-1 alpha genes (designated as EF1
      alpha A) was established together with its 5'- and 3'-flanking sequences. The
      sequence contained 1374 nucleotides coding for a protein of 458 amino acids with
      a calculated mol. wt. of 50 300. The derived amino acid sequence showed
      homologies of 31% and 32% with yeast mitochondrial EF-Tu and E. coli EF-Tu,
      respectively.

PMID- 6383822
TI  - Inhibition of DNA binding of purified p55v-myc in vitro by antibodies against
      bacterially expressed myc protein and a synthetic peptide.
AB  - To identify viral myc proteins, we have prepared myc-specific antibodies: (i)
      against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the nine carboxy-terminal amino
      acids of the viral myc (C9); (ii) against a bacterially expressed viral myc
      protein obtained by inserting the SalI-BamHI fragment of the viral MC29 DNA clone
      in the expression vector pPLc24. Both antisera recognize a protein of 55 000 mol.
      wt., p55v-myc, in MH2- and OK10-transformed fibroblasts. The protein is located
      in the nucleus, as shown by indirect immunofluorescence and cell fractionation.
      Antibodies against the C9 peptide were used to purify the p55v-myc by
      immunoaffinity column purification (3000-fold) from OK10- and MH2-transformed
      fibroblasts. p55v-myc binds to double-stranded DNA in vitro as does p110gag-myc.
      DNA binding in vitro is inhibited by the immunoglobulin fraction of antibodies
      against the bacterially expressed myc protein. Furthermore, a synthetic peptide
      consisting of 16 amino acids (C16) was used to isolate specific immunoglobulins
      which also inhibit DNA binding in vitro. OK10 codes, in addition to p55v-myc, for
      a p200gag-pol-myc polyprotein. The majority of this protein is located in the
      cytoplasm (79%). The purified protein binds to single-stranded RNA in vitro,
      unlike other gag-myc or myc proteins.

PMID- 6383823
TI  - Normal precursors of periplasmic proteins accumulated in the cytoplasm are not
      exported post-translationally in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Hyperproduction of phosphate-binding protein, PhoS, in strains carrying a
      multicopy plasmic containing the phoS gene, resulted in saturation of export
      sites. As a consequence, pre-PhoS was accumulated both in the inner membrane and
      in the cytoplasm. This was evidenced both in electron-microscopy and after cell
      fractionation. Only the membrane-associated precursor could be matured and
      exported. The signal sequence of the cytoplasmic pre-PhoS was slowly degraded. It
      was first cleaved about in its middle and then completely removed. Electron
      microscope studies demonstrated that the cytoplasmic pre-PhoS cannot be exported
      post-translationally.

PMID- 6383824
TI  - An inverse control by phytochrome of the expression of two nuclear genes in
      barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).
AB  - During the light-dependent transformation of etioplasts to chloroplasts a rapid
      decrease of the NADPH-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase is induced. At the same
      time the mRNA activity coding for this enzyme protein also declines rapidly under
      the influence of phytochrome (Pfr). On the other hand the apoprotein of the light
      harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein and its mRNA activity are inversely affected
      by the same photoreceptor. Cloned cDNA sequences which are complementary to these
      mRNAs have been used to assess the effect of phytochrome (Pfr) on the
      concentration of the two transcripts. The phytochrome-induced changes of the two
      translatable mRNAs are paralleled by corresponding changes in the steady-state
      concentration of the mRNA sequences. This inverse relationship between the light
      dependent regulation of the NADPH-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase and the
      light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein suggests that a single reversible
      triggering event can increase the transcription of certain genes and decrease the
      transcription of others.

PMID- 6383825
TI  - The complete amino acid sequence of the major alpha subunit of the lectin from
      the seeds of Dioclea grandiflora (Mart).
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of the major alpha subunit of the lectin from
      seeds of Dioclea grandiflora was determined. The sequence was deduced from
      analysis of peptides derived from the native alpha subunit by digestion with
      trypsin, chymotrypsin, the Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease, and pepsin; and
      from larger peptides produced by digestion of the citraconylated protein with
      trypsin. The alpha subunit consists of a single polypeptide chain of 237 amino
      acids which differs from the sequence of concanavalin in 53 positions.
      Significant levels of heterogeneity were observed in five positions in the
      sequence.

PMID- 6383826
TI  - Phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphorylation site in enzyme IIIglc of the
      Escherichia coli phosphotransferase system.
AB  - Enzyme-IIIglc is part of the glucose phosphotransferase system of Escherichia
      coli and Salmonella typhimurium and is phosphorylated by phosphoenolpyruvate in a
      reaction requiring enzyme I (phosphoenolpyruvate-protein phosphotransferase), and
      the histidine-containing phospho-carrier protein HPr. In this paper we report the
      isolation of IIIglc from E. coli and the characterization of the active center.
      Alkaline hydrolysis of [32P]P-IIIglc and chromatography of the hydrolysate
      suggested that the phosphoryl group is bound to a histidyl residue in P-IIIglc of
      S. typhimurium. Here we present 1H-NMR measurements of IIIglc and P-IIIglc from
      E. coli which further substantiate that the phosphoryl group in P-IIIglc is
      linked to the N-3 position of a histidyl residue. After phosphorylation of IIIglc
      with [32P]Phosphoenolpyruvate, enzyme I and HPr, the phosphorylated protein was
      cleaved with either alkaline protease from Streptomyces griseus or subtilisin
      from Bacillus subtilis. According to amino acid analysis both proteases produced
      the same peptide carrying the phosphoryl group. The amino acid sequence of this
      peptide was found to be Val-His-Phe-Gly-Ile-Asp. The lower electrophoretic
      mobility of P-IIIglc on dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gels and its stronger
      binding to the hydrophobic matrix of a reversed-phase column compared to
      unphosphorylated protein may indicate a structural change following
      phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphorylation.

PMID- 6383827
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the gene for the immunity protein to colicin A. Analysis
      of codon usage of immunity proteins as compared to colicins.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of the structural gene for the immunity protein to
      colicin A (cai) has been established. This sequence consists of 534 base pairs.
      According to the predicted amino acid sequence, the polypeptide chain of this
      immunity protein comprises 178 amino acids and has a relative molecular mass of
      20462. As expected from its localization in the inner membrane, large hydrophobic
      fragments are found along the polypeptide chain that also contains clusters of
      mostly positively charged residues. The cai like the ceiA genes encode proteins
      that are weakly expressed as compared to the corresponding colicins (A and E1).
      Codon usage reflects this difference. In contrast, the four genes for immunity to
      cloacin DF13 and to colicin E3 and for these bacteriocins, all of which are
      highly expressed and are organized in operon, display similar codon usage. These
      results are discussed with regards to the possible relationship between
      expressivity and codon usage.

PMID- 6383828
TI  - Carotenoid-deficient maize seedlings fail to accumulate light-harvesting
      chlorophyll a/b binding protein (LHCP) mRNA.
AB  - Yellow leaves of chlorophyll-deficient seedlings and white leaves of carotenoid
      deficient seedlings contain no detectable light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b
      binding proteins (LHCP). Chlorophyll-deficient leaves contain plastids which are
      arrested in development prior to chloroplast formation [Mascia, P.N. and
      Robertson, D.S. (1978) Planta (Berl.) 143, 207-211] while carotenoid-deficient
      leaves contain plastids which are arrested in development at a rudimentary stage
      [Bachmann, M. D., Robertson, D.S., Bowen, C.C., and Anderson, I.C. (1967) J.
      Ultrastruc. Res. 21, 41-60]. Chlorophyll-deficient leaves have normal levels of
      nuclear-encoded LHCP mRNA while carotenoid-deficient leaves contain only trace
      amounts of LHCP mRNA. Similar results were obtained with carotenoid deficiencies
      caused by nuclear gene mutations and by treatment with the herbicide norflurazon
      which blocks carotenoid biosynthesis. We conclude that events at early stages of
      plastid development influence the accumulation of a nuclear-encoded mRNA.

PMID- 6383829
TI  - Changes in microtubule arrays during the differentiation of cortical root cells
      of Raphanus sativus.
AB  - Cortical microtubule arrays in meristematic and differentiated cortical cells
      from root tips of Raphanus sativus were studied using both immunofluorescence and
      dry cleaving. Length, density and orientation of the cortical microtubules were
      measured. Between individual, non-dividing cells of the meristematic zone the
      mean microtubule length varied from 0.9 micron to 1.3 micron and the density
      varied from 1.7 micron to 3.2 micron microtubule/micron 2 membrane. The direction
      of the cortical tubules, running parallel to each other in individual cells,
      appeared to be more or less perpendicular to the root axis, at angles of 85
      degrees to 95 degrees. In elongated cortical cells, the mean length had increased
      to values between 2.6 and 6.7 micron, while the density had decreased to 0.9 to
      1.9 micron/micron 2. Microtubules remained parallel to each other within one
      cell, although their angle with the root axis changed to highly variable values:
      between 10 degrees to 80 degrees. The results clearly show that important changes
      occur in the cytoskeleton during the differentiation of cortical cells. It is
      argued that these changes might be related directly to the morphogenesis of these
      cells.

PMID- 6383830
TI  - Biogenesis and cytochemistry of unspecialized peroxisomes in root cortical cells
      of Yucca torreyi L.
AB  - Microbodies containing bipyramidal crystalline nucleoid inclusions occur within
      every cortical cell in roots of Yucca torreyi. Reaction product deposition
      attributable to catalase, glycolate oxidase, and urate oxidase activities are
      cytochemically localized to Yucca root microbodies and classifies them as
      unspecialized peroxisomes on the basis of their enzyme complement and tissue
      origin. Crystalline nucleoids do not stain for glycolate or urate oxidase
      activities, appearing as negatively-stained inclusions, but are apparently
      reactive for catalase activity. Development of unspecialized peroxisomes in Yucca
      roots is consistent with all evidence for glyoxysome and leaf-type peroxisome
      biogenesis from ER. Dilated ends of ER cisternae accumulate cytochemically
      detectable glycolate oxidase activity. After considerable dilation,
      paracrystalline precursors to nucleoids form within the bulge, and the inclusion
      enlarges to comprise the majority of peroxisomal volume. Peroxisomes that are not
      attached to ER are observed with high voltage electron microscopy and in serial
      thin sections, implying that eventually the budding peroxisomes are vesiculated.
      The functions of these unspecialized peroxisomes are suggested based upon
      cytochemical detection of their partial enzyme complement and their spatial and
      developmental timing relationships within developing Yucca root cortical
      parenchyma cells.

PMID- 6383831
TI  - The relationship between the division plane and spindle geometry in Allium cells
      treated with CIPC and griseofulvin: an anti-tubulin study.
AB  - Isopropyl N-(3-chlorophenyl)-carbamate (CIPC), and griseofulvin, were used to
      perturb mitosis and the subsequent plane of division in meristematic cells of
      Allium cepa. The effects of these compounds on the microtubule organization
      throughout the cell cycle were investigated by immunofluorescence techniques.
      Microtubules were not disassembled by drug treatment, but the spindle
      organization was disrupted, resulting in tripolar spindles which gave rise to
      multiple nuclei. Ensuing cell plates, with associated phragmoplast microtubules,
      were branched. The effects of these drugs with respect to MTOC duplication and
      function in plant cells are discussed as is the relationship between the pre
      prophase band (PPB) and the plane of cell division.

PMID- 6383832
TI  - Verapamil in acute myocardial infarction. The Danish Study Group on Verapamil in
      Myocardial Infarction.
AB  - A double-blind study comparing verapamil with placebo was conducted in 16 Danish
      departments of internal medicine with coronary care units (CCU). All patients
      under 75 years of age admitted to the CCU with a suspicion of acute myocardial
      infarction (AMI) were evaluated. Of 7415 patients, 3917 were excluded on
      admission because of heart failure, heart block, other severely disabling
      diseases, or treatment with beta-blockers or calcium-antagonists. Treatment was
      started on 3498 patients with 0.1 mg kg-1 verapamil i.v. and 120 mg perorally on
      admission followed by 120 mg t.i.d., or matched placebo. Treatment was continued
      for 6 months for patients ascertained to have had an AMI according to all three
      WHO criteria. Treatment was stopped in patients in whom these criteria were not
      fulfilled. Of 1436 patients with AMI, 717 were treated with verapamil and 719
      with placebo. After six months, 92 patients (12.8%) in the verapamil group and
      100 patients (13.9%) in the placebo group were dead (NS). After 12 months the
      mortality rates were 15.2% and 16.4%, respectively (NS). By six months after
      entry a total of 56 reinfarctions were recorded in 50 patients (7%) in the
      verapamil group and 66 reinfarctions in 60 patients (8.3%) in the placebo group
      (NS).

PMID- 6383833
TI  - Abrupt withdrawal of verapamil in ischaemic heart disease. The Danish Study Group
      on Verapamil in Myocardial Infarction.
AB  - In order to examine the potential hazards of abrupt withdrawal of verapamil 120
      mg t.i.d. after six months treatment, a double blind placebo controlled study was
      designed as part of the Danish multicenter trial of verapamil in acute myocardial
      infarction. All patients had had a myocardial infarction six months before
      withdrawal. At the time of withdrawal, 30% of the verapamil and 28% of the
      placebo treated patients were experiencing angina pectoris. At follow-up after
      two to three weeks 15% of 212 patients in the verapamil treated group and 9% of
      260 patients in the placebo treated group reported worsening or reappearance of
      angina pectoris (P less than 0.05). One patient in the placebo group developed a
      myocardial infarction, and one patient in the verapamil group had episodes of
      supraventricular tachycardia after withdrawal. A 'withdrawal syndrome' was not
      found.

PMID- 6383835
TI  - Historical notes on Professor Dirk Durrer.

PMID- 6383834
TI  - The contact phase of blood coagulation and renin activation in essential
      hypertension before and after captopril.
AB  - The contact phase of blood coagulation in a group of patients suffering from
      essential hypertension was studied before and after captopril administration. The
      baseline levels of factor XII, factor XI and plasminogen were significantly
      higher than in normals and correlated with baseline diastolic blood pressure
      levels. On the contrary, plasma prekallikrein was not significantly different
      from normal. These results suggest the presence of a hypercoagulable state in
      essential hypertension. After captopril administration, factor XII, factor XI and
      prekallikrein rapidly decreased, perhaps as a consequence of the drug's effect on
      the vascular endothelial surface. There was no correlation between the changes of
      active and inactive renin and the changes of prekallikrein and plasminogen
      levels. Our data do not support the view that factor XII-plasma kallikrein or
      plasmin dependent pathways are involved in the activation of inactive renin in
      vivo. Captopril, by provoking rapid pressure changes, appears to be able to
      affect the clotting system.

PMID- 6383836
TI  - Antiarrhythmic efficacy of combined intravenous and oral mexiletine in acute
      myocardial infarction. A double blind placebo-controlled study.
AB  - The antiarrhythmic efficacy of mexiletine in acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
      was studied in 99 patients randomized to mexiletine or placebo treatment. The
      loading dose was 250 mg i.v. and 400 mg orally followed by 200 mg orally 2 h
      later, and thereafter 200 mg t.i.d. up to 42 h. Arrhythmias occurring during 48 h
      were analysed from continuous electrocardiographic recordings. AMI was verified
      in 35 of 50 mexiletine patients and in 38 of 49 placebo patients. No deaths or
      instances of ventricular fibrillation occurred in the AMI patients. The number of
      patients who had any event of accelerated idioventricular rhythm (AIVR; P less
      than 0.05) runs of ventricular premature beats (VPBs; P less than 0.01),
      ventricular tachycardia (P less than 0.01) and Ron T beats (P less than 0.05) was
      smaller in the mexiletine group than in the placebo group. The number of all VPBs
      (P less than 0.05), hours with occurrence of AIVR (P less than 0.05), runs (P
      less than 0.01) and Ron T beats (P less than 0.05) was smaller in the mexiletine
      than in the placebo group. Serum levels of mexiletine tended to be low throughout
      the study. The half-life of the elimination was 13.7 +/- 7.2 h (means +/- S.D.).
      Adverse effects were infrequent, and the treatment was well-tolerated. Combined
      iv. and oral mexiletine prophylaxis significantly suppressed repetitive
      ventricular tachyarrhythmias and Ron T beats. However, no clinical benefit from
      mexiletine treatment could be shown in a coronary care unit with a low frequency
      of primary ventricular fibrillation.

PMID- 6383837
TI  - Endoscopic bladder neck suspension (Stamey-Pereyra) in female urinary stress
      incontinence. Long-term follow-up of 66 patients.
AB  - Of 86 consecutive female patients with urinary stress incontinence treated by
      endoscopic bladder neck suspension according to the method of Stamey and Pereyra,
      56.1% have already had at least one unsuccessful operation. After following up 66
      patients (76.7%) for a mean of 4 years (minimum 20 months), 90.9% were free of
      symptoms or at least markedly improved. The main complications were residual
      urine of more than 100 cm3 in 3 patients (4.5%) and fistulas around one or both
      of the suspension sutures in 10 patients (15.2%). 2 of the 3 patients with
      obstruction remained continent when one of the suspension sutures was removed
      under local anesthesia. 8 of the 10 in whom one (n = 7) or both (n = 3)
      suspension sutures were removed because of fistulas remained continent. Long-term
      results are excellent, even in patients with previous operations.

PMID- 6383838
TI  - Acquired cystic disease of the kidneys in chronic hemodialyzed and renal
      transplant patients.
AB  - In this study, the appearance of renal cysts in 43 chronic hemodialyzed patients
      (mean duration of dialysis treatment: 26.3 months) was investigated by sonography
      with a high resolution (3.5 MHz) sector scanner. In an investigation of the
      patients' own kidneys, 23 renal transplant patients (mean observation time: 51.3
      months after transplantation; mean dialysis treatment before transplantation:
      22.8 months) were also studied by sonography. Cysts could be demonstrated in 21
      of 43 (49%) patients on maintenance hemodialysis. In 10 of these patients a
      previous investigation at the beginning of dialysis did not demonstrate any
      cysts. The diameter of the cysts varied between 5 and 30 mm. With regard to the
      duration of dialysis, cysts could be demonstrated by sonography in 9 of 23 (39%)
      dialyzed patients, with a maximum dialysis duration of 2 years, and in 12 of 20
      (60%) patients who had been dialyzed for more than 2 years. The development of
      acquired cystic disease of the kidneys in dialysis patients seems to be promoted
      by the longer survival of uremic patients. Cysts could be found in the patients'
      own kidneys in only 4 of 23 (17%) renal transplant patients. The difference in
      the demonstration of cysts between patients on maintenance hemodialysis and renal
      transplant patients was statistically significant. This suggests that cystic
      transformation may possibly be a reversible process.

PMID- 6383840
TI  - The "natural resistance" to bone marrow allografts in normal and athymic nude
      rats. Rapid cytotoxic reactions both in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - To elucidate the rapid destruction of allogeneic bone marrow (BM) grafts in
      nonsensitized rats we have assessed: (a) the 21-h tissue localization of 51Cr
      labeled allogeneic vs. syngeneic BM cells, (b) the ability of allogeneic BM cells
      to proliferate in the BM or irradiated recipients, (c) the survival of allogeneic
      vs. syngeneic BM cells in cell-impermeable diffusion chambers implanted into the
      peritoneal cavity of rats, and (d) the destruction of allogeneic vs. syngeneic
      labeled BM cells in vitro by effector cells from various lympho-myeloid tissues.
      Some allogeneic BM cells were destroyed within 24 h after transfer to athymic
      nude rats, thus demonstrating the thymus independence of the cytotoxicity.
      Furthermore, allogeneic BM cells also failed to proliferate in the BM of
      irradiated recipients. However, the survival of allogeneic BM cells was not
      impaired if they were sheltered from host cells within cell-impermeable diffusion
      chambers over a culture period of 4 days. But when the allogeneic BM cells were
      similarly cultured in hosts presensitized against the BM donor, a substantial
      reduction in BM cell survival was observed. The effector cells of allogeneic BM
      cytotoxicity (ABC) were present in the spleen because PVG-rnu spleen cells were
      highly effective in lyzing BM cells from the AO, but not the PVG strain in vitro
      after only 4 h of culture. Some ABC activity in vitro was also found for
      peripheral blood lymphocytes and lymph node cells, but not for BM cells
      themselves. Taken as a whole these data provide firm evidence that the "natural
      resistance" to BM allografts is basically different from conventional immune
      responses, and in most, but not all respects resembles natural killer activity.

PMID- 6383839
TI  - Amitriptyline plus fluphenazine to prevent chemotherapy-induced emesis in cancer
      patients: a double-blind randomized cross-over study.
AB  - In a population of 51 ambulant cancer patients treated with doxorubicin
      containing chemotherapy we conducted a double-blind cross-over randomized trial,
      comparing the anti-emetic efficacy of a combination of amitriptyline (25 mg p.o.
      q 6 hr X 4) and fluphenazine (2.5 mg p.o. q 6 hr X 4) (AF) with that of
      metoclopramide (20 mg q 6 hr X 4) (M). Thirty-three out of the 51 patients
      vomited less than six times during treatment with AF as opposed to 26/51 with M.
      This difference was not significant. However, 55% of patients preferred AF to M,
      compared to 30% with the reverse preference (P less than 0.1). The main side
      effect was drowsiness, which patients reported significantly more frequently when
      on AF. With both anti-emetic regimens men vomited less frequently than women. The
      combination of amitriptyline and fluphenazine, though theoretically attractive,
      did not appear to be an effective anti-emetic regimen in the dose and schedule
      given.

PMID- 6383841
TI  - Potentiation of the hypoglycemic effect of insulin by thiorphan, an enkephalinase
      inhibitor.
AB  - Insulin administration to rats produced a dose-related hypoglycemia. When insulin
      and the enkephalinase (Enk'ase) inhibitor thiorphan (30 or 100 mg/kg s.c.) were
      co-administered, there was a potentiation of the hypoglycemic response to
      insulin; these doses of thiorphan alone had no significant effect on plasma
      glucose. When tested in vitro against isolated Enk'ase, both insulin and its beta
      chain inhibited the catabolism of [Met5]enkephalin. Theoretically, thiorphan
      blocked the catabolism of insulin by inhibiting Enk'ase. Alternatively, thiorphan
      acted as an inhibitor of another insulin-catabolizing enzyme having similar
      substrate requirements as Enk'ase.

PMID- 6383842
TI  - Indomethacin and angiotensin II pressor responsiveness: importance of dietary
      sodium.
AB  - Dietary sodium intake alters pressor responsiveness to angiotensin II (AII) as
      well as altering prostaglandin production. As a result, the effect of
      prostaglandin synthesis inhibition on the pressor responsiveness to AII was
      evaluated. Prostaglandin synthesis inhibition with meclofenamate (5 mg/kg) or
      indomethacin (5 mg/kg) significantly enhanced the pressor response for AII at
      infusion rates of 0.10, 0.30 and 1.0 microgram/kg per min (P less than 0.05) in
      rats previously on a low sodium intake but had no effect in rats previously on a
      high sodium intake. In low sodium intake rats, pretreatment with captopril (1
      mg/kg) prevented the enhancing effect of indomethacin on angiotensin II pressor
      responsiveness. The pressor response for norepinephrine was unaltered by sodium
      intake or prostaglandin inhibition. These results suggest that prostaglandin
      synthetase inhibition may enhance the pressor response for angiotensin II in
      situations where endogenous angiotensin II levels are elevated (i.e. low sodium
      intake). In situations where angiotensin II levels are suppressed (i.e. captopril
      pretreatment or high salt intake), prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors have no
      effect on the pressor response to exogenous angiotensin II.

PMID- 6383843
TI  - Inhibitors of an enkephalin degrading membrane-bound metalloendopeptidase:
      analgesic properties and effects on striatal enkephalin levels.
AB  - Intraperitoneal administration of N-[1-(R,S)-carboxy-2-phenylethyl-Phe-p
      aminobenzoate, synthesized in this laboratory as a potent inhibitor of membrane
      bound metalloendopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.11) caused a prolonged but weak analgesic
      effect on rats as measured by the tail flick test. It also caused a transitory
      but significant increase in striatal [Leu5]- and [Met5]enkephalin levels 3 h,
      after administration. Analogs of the inhibitor in which the phenylalanyl residue
      was replaced by an alanyl or glycyl residue also elicited prolonged analgesic
      responses although their inhibitory potencies were 75 and more than 1500 times
      lower respectively. The glycine containing derivative did not alter striatal
      enkephalin levels 3 h, after administration. The data suggest that inhibition of
      the metalloendopeptidase decreases the rate of degradation of endogenous
      enkephalins, however the analgesic properties of the inhibitors do not seem to be
      related to their inhibitory potencies. Factors other than changes in striatal
      enkephalin levels may contribute to the analgesic effect of the three N
      carboxyphenylethyl derivatives.

PMID- 6383844
TI  - Effects of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog on the growth of
      estrogen-induced prolactin-secreting rat pituitary tumors and its influence on
      their dopamine receptors.

PMID- 6383845
TI  - Differences in kidney renin content between normotensive and spontaneously
      hypertensive rats: effect of captopril treatment.
AB  - Kidney renin concentrations were significantly lower in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats (SHR) than in normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. After
      treatment of both SHR and WKY rats with captopril (100 mg/kg p.o. for 3 months),
      kidney renin concentration increased dramatically in SHR and slightly, but
      significantly, in WKY. After captopril treatment, kidney renin content of SHR was
      still significantly lower than WKY. Because of the lower content of kidney renin
      in SHR and the proportionately greater increase in kidney renin content in SHR
      after captopril treatment than in WKY, it is proposed that a fundamental
      difference(s) in the control of the renin-angiotensin system exists in SHR, an
      effect which may or may not be related to SHR hypertension.

PMID- 6383846
TI  - On the blood-brain barrier to peptides: [3H]gonadotropin-releasing hormone
      accumulation by eighteen regions of the rat brain and by anterior pituitary.
AB  - After intracarotid injection of [3H]gonadotropin-releasing hormone ([3H]GnRH) the
      mean accumulation of radioactivity per unit wet weight of 18 investigated brain
      samples and the anterior pituitary was 0.38 +/- 0.11% g-1 of the injected tracer
      dose. This indicates a low but measurable brain uptake of the peptide. The brain
      uptake of [3H]GnRH in blood-brain barrier (BBB)-protected regions is 5% of that
      of separately investigated [3H]OH. In BBB-free regions the accumulation of
      radioactivity was more than 25-fold higher than in BBB-protected regions. The
      accumulation of [3H]GnRH among regions with BBB varies less than among regions
      with leaky endothelia. The data presented for [3H]GnRH are similar to those for
      other peptides so far investigated.

PMID- 6383847
TI  - Induction of puberty in a patient with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism by
      pulsatile, subcutaneous infusions of LH-RH.
AB  - Following treatment with nocturnal, pulsatile, s.c. infusions of LH-RH (50
      micrograms/night) for nine nights a twenty-year-old patient with hypogonadotropic
      hypogonadism presented a markedly enhanced, biphasic secretion of LH during an LH
      RH infusion test (200 micrograms LH-RH i.v., t = 4 hours) indicating a
      hypothalamic defect and a deficiency in endogenous LH-RH production. Puberty was
      subsequently initiated in this patient within eight weeks of therapy with s.c.
      pulsatile LH-RH. These results confirm that intermittent application of LH-RH
      induces pituitary sensitization resulting in an enhanced response to exogenous LH
      RH. This will help to select patients for prolonged therapy with intermittent
      s.c. LH-RH for the initiation of puberty.

PMID- 6383848
TI  - Influence of lesions in the limbic-hypothalamic system on insulin responses to
      daily repeated cold exposures in rabbits.
AB  - The effects of lesions in the basal medial hypothalamus and limbic structures on
      the responses in plasma levels of insulin and glucose to daily repeated cold
      exposure in rabbits have been investigated. The results obtained were summarized
      as follows: (1) The 1st cold exposure (cold exposure on the 1st day) decreased
      insulin levels and increased glucose levels, and these responses of insulin and
      glucose to cold exposure gradually decreased and then completely abolished by
      daily repetition of exposures in intact rabbits and each sham-operated group. (2)
      The lesions of periventricular arcuate nucleus (ARC), stria terminalis (ST) and
      dorsal fornix (FX) had no effects on the insulin responses to the 1st cold
      exposure, but the rates of insulin responses to the 1st cold exposure were
      decreased by the lesions of ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). (3) The ARC lesions
      had no effects on the glucose responses to the 1st cold exposure, but the glucose
      responses to the 1st cold exposure were abolished by VMH lesions and were altered
      by lesions of ST and FX. (4) The insulin responses to cold exposure were
      abolished by daily repetition of exposures in rabbits with ARC lesions as same in
      the cases of sham-operated animals, but the insulin responses to cold exposure
      persisted even after daily repetition of exposures in rabbits with lesions of
      VMH, ST and FX different from sham-operated animals. (5) The glucose responses to
      cold exposure were abolished by daily repetition of exposures in rabbits with
      lesions of ARC and ST as same as in the cases of sham-operated animals, but the
      glucose responses to cold exposure persisted even after daily repetition of
      exposures in rabbits with FX lesions different from sham-operated animals.

PMID- 6383849
TI  - Does secretin control insulin secretion?
AB  - The effect of secretin on insulin release has been studied in normal subjects
      after prestimulation with arginine. In order to make a comparison a pulse of
      glucose with arginine prestimulation was given. A pulse of 1 U/kg b.w. of
      secretin provokes a secretion of insulin that is weak and brief compared to that
      provoked by glucose; thus secretin fails to potentiate arginine-induced insulin
      secretion. Such a result does not support the hypothesis of secretin as the
      central hormone in the enteroinsular axis.

PMID- 6383850
TI  - Insulin biosynthesis and secretion of isolated pancreatic islets of mice after
      the administration of anti-insulin serum of guinea pigs.
AB  - Comparative studies on the effect of intraperitoneal administration of 0.5 ml
      anti-insulin serum (AIS) of guinea pig or glucose (2 g/kg body wt) on
      biosynthesis and secretion of insulin were carried out in C 57 Bl/6 j mice. The
      islets of Langerhans isolated 1 hr after administration of AIS exhibited
      significantly increased biosynthesis and secretion of insulin during an
      incubation in presence of 5 mmol/l glucose. The result suggest that AIS may be a
      more potential stimulator of beta-cell function than glucose created by the
      decreased level of free insulin in early period of time following AIS
      administration.

PMID- 6383851
TI  - Short-term of the artificial beta-cell (Biostator) on pancreatic glucagon
      response in insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM).
AB  - The short-term effect of the glucose-controlled insulin infusion system (GCIIS)
      Biostator on metabolic and hormonal responses to a 2 h glucose infusion (0.33
      g/kg body weight glucose i.v. followed by an infusion of 12 mg/kg/min) was
      studied in 8 insulin-dependent diabetic patients (IDDM). Normalization of glucose
      tolerance by means of GCIIS was associated with significant improvement of lipid
      metabolism in IDDM. Endogenous insulin secretion (C-peptide) was not altered
      significantly under the experimental conditions. The results demonstrate that
      immunoreactive glucagon response to intravenous glucose infusion was restored by
      treatment with GCIIS in IDDM irrespective of no prolonged duration of
      normoglycemia. The results provide further support that abnormal glucagon
      response in some IDDM is secondary to insulin deficiency.

PMID- 6383852
TI  - Selective inhibition of calcium-stimulated cation-induced pinocytosis by
      starvation and inhibitors of protein synthesis in Amoeba proteus.
AB  - The capacity of Amoeba proteus to form pinocytotic channels after pretreatment
      with either puromycin, cycloheximide, emetine or a long period of starvation was
      studied. The effect on pinocytosis of the three inhibitors of protein synthesis
      was similar. They preferentially affected pinocytosis induced by Na+ with little
      effect on K+-induced pinocytosis. In Ca2+-deficient media, Na+-induced
      pinocytosis was inhibited, while the addition of Ca2+ restored channel formation.
      The degree of inhibition of Na+-induced pinocytosis was influenced by the
      concentration of Ca2+ in the inducing solution. Selective Ca2+-reversible
      inhibition of Na+-induced pinocytosis also occurred after starvation or treatment
      with a proteolytic enzyme, subtilisin. The membrane potential in starved or
      emetine-treated cells in culture medium was normal and their depolarising
      response to inducers was not diminished in solutions containing Na+. The resting
      input resistance of these cells was higher than in normal amoebae, but no
      significant difference in electrical parameters was observed after pinocytosis
      was induced. It is suggested that starvation, inhibition of protein synthesis,
      and enzyme digestion deplete the membrane of structures which are necessary for
      normal Ca2+ functions during induction of pinocytosis by Na+-like inducers.

PMID- 6383853
TI  - Newly-initiated DNA isolated from Physarum in early S phase consists of nascent
      nascent duplexes.
AB  - We have studied the nature of newly initiated DNA released during DNA isolation
      at the beginning of S phase of Physarum polycephalum. The released DNA was
      separated from the bulk DNA by sedimentation through sucrose gradients. Gentle
      shearing strongly enhanced the release of newly initiated DNA. The additionally
      released material had a larger average molecular weight. Buoyant density analysis
      after labelling with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) revealed that the released DNA
      consisted of nascent-nascent duplexes for more than 90%. This indicates that the
      release of newly initiated DNA occurs by branch migration. We conclude that
      shearing enhances branch migration by destabilization of the double helix.

PMID- 6383854
TI  - An isozyme-specific selective system for the recovery of mammalian cells
      deficient in hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase activity.
AB  - A selective system toxic towards mammalian cells expressing the liver-specific
      isozyme of alcohol dehydrogenase (L-ADH) has been developed. A number of alpha
      unsaturated primary and secondary alcohols were assayed for their ability to
      serve as substrates for rat liver ADH and were screened for cytotoxicity towards
      L-ADH+ and L-ADH- cells. 1-Propen-3-ol and 1-penten-3-ol were identified as
      agents showing selective cytotoxicity. Reconstruction experiments demonstrated
      that 1-propen-3-ol at a concentration of 15 microM could be used to recover L-ADH
      clones from mixed populations of L-ADH+ and L-ADH cells. Cells expressing the
      non-allelic S-ADH isozyme were not killed under these conditions. The selective
      system defined in this report is thus isozyme-specific.

PMID- 6383855
TI  - A serum-free defined medium for retinal pigment epithelial cells.
AB  - Human and bovine RPE cells underwent changes in morphology and culture doubling
      times when passaged in serum-supplemented medium (CM). Furthermore, late passage
      human RPE cells subcultured in CM medium increased synthesis of three acidic, 43
      000-63 000 D proteins. In order to provide a controlled environment for the study
      of RPE cells in vitro, we have developed a method for growing human and bovine
      RPE in a serum-free defined medium (DM). RPE cells grown in DM required a 24 h
      pretreatment with CM to allow the cells to attach and spread on the substrate.
      Cells grown in DM retained an epithelioid morphology, a stable culture doubling
      time, and similar 2-D PAGE patterns through several subculturings.

PMID- 6383856
TI  - Onset of fibre differentiation in cultured rat lens epithelium under the
      influence of neural retina-conditioned medium.
AB  - In the intact rat lens, epithelial cells, which are cuboidal and contain alpha
      crystallin, give rise to fibre cells, which are elongated and contain alpha-,
      beta- and gamma-crystallins. Epithelial explants cultured in medium conditioned
      by bovine neural retinas (BRCM) showed changes analogous to fibre cell
      differentiation in vivo. The cells became enlarged and elongated and accumulated
      beta- and gamma-crystallin as well as alpha-crystallin. Labelling studies with
      [35S]-methionine showed that sequential changes in the synthesis of all three
      classes of crystallin occurred during culture in BRCM. After two days, synthesis
      of alpha-crystallin subunits, particularly alpha A and alpha AINS, increased
      relative to overall protein synthesis. After four days in culture, synthesis of
      beta-crystallin subunits, identified as beta B1a, beta B4, beta B5 and possibly
      beta A2, was detected for the first time and between four and eight days gamma
      crystallin synthesis became detectable. The time of onset of gamma-crystallin
      synthesis seemed to show greater experimental variability than did onset of beta
      crystallin synthesis. In explants cultured for 10 days in BRCM approximately 25%
      of new protein synthesis could be attributed to alpha-, beta- and gamma
      crystallins. These events were completely dependent on BRCM, suggesting that
      neural retina secretes a factor(s) which initiates fibre cell differentiation.
      This culture system appears to be a suitable one for investigating the control of
      fibre differentiation in vitro.

PMID- 6383857
TI  - The endopeptidase-resistant protein fraction from human cataractous lenses.
AB  - With aging and cataract formation, modifications in absorption and fluorescence
      of the human lens proteins are observed. These changes have been investigated by
      the examination of the endopeptidase-resistant fraction isolated from human
      cataractous lenses. This fraction is highly enriched in atypical fluorescence and
      absorption (i.e. not attributable to tryptophan, tyrosine or phenylalanine). It
      has a molecular weight of approximately 3000, is enriched in acidic amino acids
      and has only a 280 nm shoulder in its u.v. spectrum. The material does not
      contain detectable levels of malondialdehyde or N-formylkynurenine. Upon acid
      hydrolysis the fluorescence and u.v. spectra remain unchanged with only a minor
      degree of cleavage observed. Structural studies on some of the cleavage products
      indicated the presence of oxindolyl alanine and kynurenine. These compounds could
      result from photo-oxidation of tryptophan.

PMID- 6383858
TI  - Plasmodium falciparum: comparative analysis of antigens from continuous in vitro
      cultured and in vivo derived malarial parasites.
AB  - A comparison of metabolically labeled proteins from continuous in vitro and in
      vivo derived Plasmodium falciparum revealed both similarities and differences.
      Metabolic labeling of synchronized cultures showed that the uptake of label
      increased as the parasites matured from the ring to the schizont stage in both
      cultures. Also, in both continuous in vitro and in vivo derived cultures,
      prominent high-molecular-weight proteins were synthesized during the late
      developmental stages. However, the continuous in vitro cultured parasites
      incorporated twice as much of the label at each stage as did the in vivo derived
      parasites. Immunoprecipitation with serum samples from vaccinated Aotus
      trivirgatus griseimembra monkeys revealed major differences involving protein
      antigens that migrated in the molecular weight regions of b (Mr = 152,000), c (Mr
      = 143,000), j (Mr = 82,700), and n (Mr = 57,400). These antigens were more
      readily detected in the continuous in vitro cultured schizonts than in the in
      vivo derived schizonts.

PMID- 6383859
TI  - The effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) on the catecholamine contents of two
      human pheochromocytomas in tissue culture.
AB  - Two further cases of human pheochromocytomas were kept in tissue culture for
      three months. The cultures were parted into two groups: one group was treated
      with nerve growth factor (NGF), the other group served as the control. The
      catecholamines in the medium were determined radioenzymatically (Da Prada). NGF
      treatment led to lower contents of adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine.
      Cultures without NGF had higher levels. Electron micrographs showed catecholamine
      granula during the whole culture period. NGF treated cultures contained more
      catecholamine granula than the untreated cultures. Though the number of
      catecholamine granula was increased by the NGF-treatment, the medium contained
      less catecholamines than in untreated cultures. It may be concluded that NGF
      influences the liberation of adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine in tissue
      culture: though NGF treated cells contained more catecholamine granula, the
      catecholamines were retained in the pheochromocytoma cells.

PMID- 6383860
TI  - [Nonionogenic x-ray contrast substances. An experimental and clinical
      evaluation].

PMID- 6383861
TI  - New cell fusion method using polymer membrane.
AB  - A porous polymer membrane of nitrocellulose or tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) was
      employed for fusion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (AH22 and D13-1A) protoplasts.
      Protoplasts were adsorbed on the membrane with slight suction. Some part of the
      protoplasts was trapped in pores of the membrane as observed by electron
      microscopy. The membrane retaining protoplasts was placed on a selective medium.
      Several colonies appeared on the medium after 5-7 days incubation at 30 degrees
      C. The fusion of the two strains was ascertained by DNA content and genetic
      markers. Fusion frequency was 1.2 X 10(-6) in the case of the TFE membrane.

PMID- 6383862
TI  - Effect of adenosine on insulin activation of rat adipocyte pyruvate
      dehydrogenase.
AB  - Adenosine and its analogue N6-phenylisopropyladenosine stimulated pyruvate
      dehydrogenase activity of isolated rat adipocytes. Maximal stimulation was
      obtained with concentrations between 50 and 100 mu M, with the effect decreasing
      at higher concentrations. The effects of insulin on this enzyme was modified by
      adenosine. The concentration of insulin (10 mu units/ml) that produced almost
      half-maximal stimulation, had little or no effect, when adenosine deaminase was
      present. Adenosine also enhanced the effect of suboptimal but not optimal
      concentrations of insulin. Thus, the mechanism of adenosine action on adipocyte
      pyruvate dehydrogenase could in some way be similar or related to that of
      insulin.

PMID- 6383863
TI  - The amino acid sequences of the alpha 1 and alpha 2 subunits of the isolectins
      from seeds of Lathyrus ochrus (L) DC.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequences of the alpha 1 and alpha 2 subunits of the
      isolectins (LoL I and LoL II) from seeds of Lathyrus ochrus were determined by
      analysis of peptides derived from the proteins by digestion with trypsin,
      chymotrypsin and the S. aureus V8 protease. Both subunits consisted of single
      polypeptide chains of 53 amino acids, which differed from one another in only 4
      positions near their C-termini, and exhibited high homology to the light (alpha)
      chains of the lectins from Lathyrus sativus, L. odoratus and a number of other
      legume seeds.

PMID- 6383864
TI  - The ribosomal binding domain for the bacterial release factors RF-1, RF-2 and RF
      3.
AB  - The Escherichia coli ribosomal proteins, L7/L12, are dominant over L11 in
      modulating the binding of RF-1 and RF-2 to ribosomes. The elevated activity of RF
      2 on L11-lacking ribosomes over those containing L11 is abolished by IgG against
      L7/L12 or by removing the L7/L12 proteins. Adding back L7/L12 restores the
      original phenotype. The stimulatory factor, RF-3, is active on ribosomes depleted
      of L7/L12 but on those which lack L11 the stimulatory effects are less pronounced
      or often not seen. RF-3 cannot restore activity with RF-1 or RF-2 to ribosomes
      lacking both these sets of proteins. The stimulatory effects of an absence of
      either L11 or RF-3 on the activity of RF-2 are not additive or synergistic.

PMID- 6383865
TI  - Mechanism of protein biosynthesis in prokaryotic cells. Effect of initiation
      factor IF1 on the initial rate of 30 S initiation complex formation.
AB  - To define the step at which translational initiation factor IF1 exercises its
      stimulation, initial rate kinetic analyses of 30 S initiation complex formation
      were carried out in the presence and absence of this factor. It was shown that,
      without affecting the affinity of the ribosomes either for the initiator tRNA or
      for the poly(AUG) used as template, IF1 increases approximately 2.5-fold the
      limiting Vmax of the 'pre-ternary complex'----ternary complex transition which
      represents the rate-limiting step in 30 S initiation complex formation. This
      kinetic effect titrates with the 30 S ribosomal subunit which must therefore
      represent the target of IF1 action.

PMID- 6383866
TI  - Prediction structure type for human leukocyte interferon subtype A from circular
      dichroism.
AB  - Vacuum UV circular dichroism studies were carried out on human leukocyte
      interferon subtype A. The secondary structure analysis for the CD spectrum shows
      59% alpha-helix, 16% antiparallel beta-sheet, no parallel beta-sheet, 18% beta
      turns and 13% other structures. The analysis of the CD features for the
      prediction of tertiary structural class reveals that it is an all-alpha type
      protein.

PMID- 6383867
TI  - Assignment of resonances of exchangeable protons in the NMR spectrum of the
      complex formed by Escherichia coli ribosomal protein L25 and uniformly nitrogen
      15 enriched 5 S RNA fragment.
AB  - The downfield proton NMR spectrum of the aqueous nucleoprotein complex formed by
      Escherichia coli ribosomal protein L25 and uniformly nitrogen-15 enriched 5 S RNA
      fragment is presented. Many proton resonances show the effects of scalar coupling
      to nitrogen-15 and these resonances are assigned to nucleic acid imino protons.
      Selective nitrogen-15 decoupling difference proton spectroscopy revealed nitrogen
      15 and proton chemical shift correlations from which the base types of nucleic
      acid imino proton resonances could be assigned because the nitrogen-15 chemical
      shifts of nucleic acid guanine and uracil imino nitrogens have separate small
      ranges for both nucleoproteins and isolated nucleic acids.

PMID- 6383868
TI  - Alkaline phosphatase isozyme conversion by cell-free extract of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Isozyme type 1 of alkaline phosphatase in Escherichia coli K-12 was converted to
      types 2 and 3 after incubation of type 1 isozyme with the supernatant of a
      sonicated cell-free extract prepared from the cells carrying the cloned iap+ gene
      on a multi-copy plasmid. By comparison, the lysate prepared from cells carrying
      the iap+ gene only on the chromosome showed much less isozyme-converting
      activity. The reaction was promoted by Mg2+ at concentrations of 10 to 50 mM.
      Protease inhibitors, antipain and leupeptin which inhibit the isozyme conversion
      in vivo, also inhibited the isozyme conversion in vitro. These results suggest
      that cells carrying the multiple copy iap+ plasmid overproduce a kind of
      proteolytic enzyme which removes the amino-terminal arginine residues from
      isozymes 1 and 2.

PMID- 6383870
TI  - Evidence from peptide mapping for a human renin zymogen.
AB  - Data obtained from peptide mapping of the active and inactive forms of human
      renin show that there are extensive regions of common sequence in the two forms
      of the enzyme, and are consistent with the hypothesis that inactive renin is a
      renin zymogen.

PMID- 6383869
TI  - The effect of phalloidin on insulin secretion from islets of Langerhans isolated
      from rat pancreas.
AB  - Phalloidin, which stabilizes F-actin, has no effect on insulin secretion from
      intact islets, but penetrates and increases secretion from islets previously made
      permeable using a high voltage discharge technique. Use of this highly specific
      drug strongly suggests a role for microfilaments composed of F-actin in the
      insulin secretory process.

PMID- 6383871
TI  - Agonist interactions with dopamine receptors: focus on radioligand-binding
      studies.
AB  - Radioligand-binding experiments have demonstrated that both D-1 (adenylate
      cyclase stimulatory) and D-2 (adenylate cyclase inhibitory) dopamine receptors
      demonstrate high- and low-affinity agonist-binding states. Under appropriate
      conditions, both D-1 and D-2 high-affinity binding states can be labeled directly
      with 3H-labeled agonists. Previous studies that identified a portion of high
      affinity 3H-labeled agonist binding as a distinct dopamine receptor subclass (D-3
      or autoreceptor) were, in fact, labeling the high-affinity agonist-binding state
      of postsynaptic D-1 receptors.

PMID- 6383872
TI  - Agonist binding to multiple muscarinic receptors.
AB  - The binding of agonists to muscarinic cholinergic receptors is well described by
      a binding model of multiple affinity states (superhigh, high, and low) in most
      central and peripheral tissues. Although previous studies of the influences by
      divalent cations, guanine nucleotides, and sulfhydryl reagents support the
      concept that these regulators act through closely related sites to alter the
      relative proportions of muscarinic agonist affinity states, it has become
      apparent that muscarinic receptor subtypes (as defined with the nonclassical
      antagonist pirenzepine) are differentially affected by the regulators. For
      example, in tissues that have few high-affinity [3H]pirenzepine-binding sites
      (heart, ileum, cerebellum), magnesium ions promote the formation of a high
      agonist affinity state, whereas exposure of these tissues to the sulfhydryl
      reagent N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) or guanine nucleotides promotes the formation of a
      low agonist affinity state. Conversely, tissues rich in high-affinity
      [3H]pirenzepine-binding sites (cerebral cortex, corpus striatum, hippocampus)
      show little, if any, change in agonist binding site affinity when magnesium ions
      or guanine nucleotides are present. Furthermore, NEM enhances the muscarinic
      binding site affinity for agonists in these tissues. Taken together, these
      results support the concept of muscarinic receptor heterogeneity, as proposed
      from previous physiological studies, and indicate that the aforementioned
      regulators (guanine nucleotides, magnesium ions, NEM) differentially alter the
      agonist-binding properties of these muscarinic receptor subtypes.

PMID- 6383873
TI  - Biochemical factors in pulmonary inflammatory disease.
AB  - Various biochemical events taking place during pulmonary inflammation were
      examined in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids from patients with acute
      respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and in experimental animal models. In
      patients with ARDS, active neutrophil elastase was found in the BAL fluids. In
      these fluids, inactivation of the major elastase inhibitor alpha 1-protease
      inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) occurred. This was caused by oxidation of a methionine
      residue at the active site of the alpha 1-PI, and offered indirect evidence of
      oxidation occurring in the inflamed pulmonary tissues. Studies with experimental
      animals have been initiated to gain understanding of the relative roles of
      proteases, oxidants, arachidonate metabolites, complement and contact system
      components, and other mediators in the pathogenesis of pulmonary inflammation.
      Intrabronchial instillation of glucose oxidase/glucose to produce oxidants or
      formylated norleucylleucylphenylalanine or phorbol myristate acetate as
      leukocytic stimuli induced severe acute pulmonary injury in New Zealand white
      rabbits and rhesus monkeys. The injury was accompanied by leukocytic protease
      (acid cathepsins) release in rabbit lungs and oxidant formation, and could be
      inhibited by neutrophil depletion. Oxidant formation was demonstrated by the
      inactivation of catalase by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole in the presence of H2O2, a
      drop in intracellular glutathione levels, and in the rhesus monkey by
      inactivation of alpha 1-PI.

PMID- 6383874
TI  - Domestic animals in the elucidation of zinc's role in nutrition.
AB  - Parakeratosis in swine, a disease that caused severe economic losses in many
      commercial herds during the late 1940's and early 1950's, was caused by an
      inadequate intake of zinc. In addition to poor growth, the disease involves
      primarily the epidermal layer of the skin, which in severe cases becomes
      thickened and heavily encrusted. Finally, deep fissures develop in the encrusted
      areas. The low availability of zinc in plant protein sources and the increasing
      use of soybean meal in practical-type diets during the late 1940's contributed to
      the increasing incidence of the disease. Excessive levels of calcium also
      increased the incidence and severity of the disease. Prominent features of zinc
      deficiency in poultry were failure of normal development of long bones and the
      occurrence of severe lesions on the feet and legs. As with the pig, the low
      bioavailability of zinc from plant protein sources led to the observation that
      practical-type diets were limiting in this metal. Although parakeratosis can be
      produced in cattle fed diets low in zinc, it does not seem to have been a major
      nutritional problem in ruminants.

PMID- 6383875
TI  - Discovery and importance of zinc in human nutrition.
AB  - The present explosion in knowledge of zinc has been the result of several
      factors, the major ones being the recognition of the important role of zinc in
      human health and diseases, its vital functions in biochemical reactions, and the
      technological advances that make it feasible to quantitate this essential trace
      element in biological fluids. Deficiency of zinc in humans due to nutritional
      factors and several disease states has now been recognized. The high phytate
      content of cereal proteins is known to decrease the availability of zinc; thus,
      the prevalence of zinc deficiency is likely to be high in a population consuming
      large quantities of proteins. Alcoholism, malabsorption, sickle cell anemia,
      chronic renal disease, and chronically debilitating diseases are now known to be
      predisposing factors for zinc deficiency. A severe deficiency of zinc such as
      that seen in patients with acrodermatitis enteropathica may be life-threatening.
      A spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from mild to severe degrees has now
      been recognized in human zinc deficiency states. Zinc appears to be involved in
      many biological functions including DNA synthesis. Roles for zinc in enzymatic
      functions, cell membranes, and immunity are now well established.

PMID- 6383876
TI  - Use of laboratory animals to define physiological functions and bioavailability
      of zinc.
AB  - For the past 50 years laboratory animals have been used to ascertain the
      metabolic bases for signs of zinc deficiency such as sharply reduced food intake,
      severe dermatitis, slow wound healing, delayed sexual development and function,
      reduced immunocompetence, severe teratogenic abnormalities, and abnormal
      metabolism of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein. Current evidence indicates that
      many of these symptoms may be consequences of inhibition of early steps in
      nucleic acid metabolism that lead to problems with cellular replication and
      growth and also that zinc plays an important role in membrane structure and
      function. Bioavailability of zinc to experimental animals was early shown to be
      reduced by plant protein diets and to be further reduced by feeding excess
      calcium. Current evidence indicates phytic acid in plant proteins to be a major
      inhibitor of zinc absorption, although food-processing methods can either
      increase or decrease zinc bioavailability. The inhibitory effect of phytic acid
      is very dependent on dietary calcium in association with phytate and zinc. Usual
      calcium intakes by humans are much below those demonstrated in animals to cause
      phytate inhibition of dietary zinc availability.

PMID- 6383877
TI  - [Women medical workers on world postage stamps].

PMID- 6383878
TI  - [Medical history works of I. A. Kassirskii].

PMID- 6383879
TI  - [Oral hygiene of denture wearers].

PMID- 6383880
TI  - Out of the past. Diamond jubilee 1909-1984.

PMID- 6383881
TI  - Blocking activity of the serum from semiallogeneic chimaeras produced by means of
      cyclophosphamide.
AB  - Blocking activity of the serum from semiallogeneic chimaeras produced by the i.p.
      injection of cyclophosphamide, followed by the i.v. injection of 10(8) spleen
      cells from (CBA X C57B-L/6)F1 hybrid mice into CBA mice, was investigated. The
      chimaera serum was found to inhibit local GVHR when injected together with
      lymphocytes from CBA mice into (CBA X C57BL/6)F1 hybrid mice, but not (CBA X
      BALB/c)F1 hybrids. Previous absorption of the chimaera serum with C57BL/6
      lymphocytes reduced its blocking activity in local GVHR. Absorption with
      activated CBA anti-C57BL/6 lymphocytes had no effect on blocking activity of the
      serum. In some experiments the chimaera serum inhibited cytotoxic activity of CBA
      anti-C57BL/6 and BALB/c anti-C57BL/6 lymphocytes on the corresponding target
      cells in vitro. Graft-versus-graft reaction of CBA thymocytes against spleen
      cells from (CBA X C57BL/6)F1 hybrid mice was considerably reduced when irradiated
      chimaeras were the recipients. Intravenous injection of the chimaera serum into
      the intact CBA mice did not prolong the survival of C57BL/6 skin allografts. It
      is concluded that the serum blocking factor is an antibody to the transplantation
      antigen or an antigen-antibody complex.

PMID- 6383882
TI  - Antibody-producing cells in chickens tolerant to human serum albumin.
AB  - Cells forming antibodies to HSA were determined by the haemolytic plaque
      technique in the spleens of chickens in which tolerance to HSA was induced on the
      day of hatching. After immunization with HSA 2 weeks after hatching, no anti-HSA
      PFC or their very low numbers were observed in chickens rendered tolerant by the
      dose of 100 mg HSA. In a considerable proportion of the chickens, in which
      tolerance was induced by 1 mg or 0.1 mg of HSA, PFC were detected, though in
      statistically significantly lower numbers than in control birds. In tolerant
      chickens receiving 100 mg of HSA after hatching, the number of PFC after
      immunization at 4 weeks of age was statistically significantly and at 6 weeks non
      significantly lower than in the controls. After immunization with BSA at 4 weeks
      of age, chickens injected with 100 mg HSA after hatching had the number of anti
      HSA plaque-forming cells higher than the controls, but the difference was not
      statistically significant.

PMID- 6383883
TI  - Protective effects of AET, MEA, and 5-HT in X-irradiated pregnant porton mice.

PMID- 6383884
TI  - [The effect of methyleneblue on insulin and glucagon release stimulated by
      glucose and arginine in the isolated perfused rat pancreas].
AB  - To examine the role of NADPH in the release of insulin and glucagon, isolated rat
      pancreata were perfused with methyleneblue, which is known to oxidize NADPH.
      Hormonal release was stimulated by changes in arginine or glucose concentrations
      as follows. After establishing the basal secretion state during perfusion at
      various glucose levels for 10 min., pancreata were stimulated by the addition of
      arginine or a change in glucose concentration of the perfusate for 15 min.
      Conditions for the stimulation were: (A) addition of 10 mM arginine at constant 4
      mM glucose concentration; (B) increase in glucose concentration from 2.8 mM to
      11.1 mM, or (C) decrease in glucose concentration from 11.1 mM to 2.8 mM. In some
      experiments, methyleneblue was added throughout the perfusion period at 1 or 3
      micrograms/ml. The effluent from the portal vein was collected over 1 minute
      intervals: Insulin and glucagon concentrations in the effluent were determined by
      radioimmunoassay. Insulin release. Stimulation by the addition of arginine and
      increased glucose concentration produced a typical biphasic insulin response. In
      both cases, 1 microgram/ml methyleneblue reduced the second phase, and 3
      micrograms/ml methyleneblue inhibited both phases almost completely. Glucagon
      release: Stimulation by arginine and inhibition by increasing glucose
      concentration were not influenced by methyleneblue; however, glucagon release
      induced by lowering of glucose concentration was suppressed by 3 micrograms/ml of
      methyleneblue. Thus, methyleneblue specifically inhibits glucose- and arginine
      induced insulin release while it has no effect on arginine-induced glucagon
      release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6383885
TI  - [Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu-like immunoreactivity-containing nerve elements in
      the canine pancreas--an immunohistochemical study].
AB  - The occurrence and localization of Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu (Met-Enk-Arg-Gly
      Leu)-like immunoreactivity in the canine pancreas were studied by
      immunocytochemistry. For light microscopy, Bouin fixed and paraffin embedded
      sections were immunostained by the PAP method. For electron microscopy, ultrathin
      sections of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed and Araldite embedded materials were
      immunostained by a protein A-colloidal gold method. The results obtained were as
      follows: In light microscopy, Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu-like immunoreactivity was
      localized in nerve fibers of autonomic ganglion, in beaded nerve terminals around
      blood vessels of the exocrine parenchyma and pancreatic islet, in eighty-five out
      of one hundred and seventy-four ganglion cell somas of intra- and interlobular
      ganglia, and in ganglion cell somas and nerve fibers of neuro-insular complexes.
      In electron microscopy, colloidal gold particles representing Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu
      like immunoreactivity were concentrated on secretory type granules of the
      ganglion cell somas and on large cored synaptic vesicles of the nerve terminals
      around blood capillaries. All the positive immunoreactions disappeared with
      preincubation of the anti-Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu serum (dilution, 1:4,000) with Met
      Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu (10 micrograms/ml). Immunostaining was not affected by
      preincubation of the antiserum with Met-enkephalin (10 micrograms/ml), Leu
      enkephalin (10 micrograms/ml) and Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe (20 micrograms/ml). Out
      of the three precursors for a variety of opioid peptides throughout the body,
      i.e. preproenkephalin A, preproopiomelanocortin and preproenkephalin B, only
      preproenkephalin A contains Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6383887
TI  - [Nickel-chromium alloys in current laboratory practice].

PMID- 6383886
TI  - Historical epidemiology of smallpox in Aland, Finland: 1751-1890.
AB  - We analyze a 140-year series of smallpox deaths in the Aland Islands, Finland.
      Vaccination, introduced in 1805, dramatically reduced the annual number of
      smallpox deaths. It also influenced the age distribution of smallpox deaths,
      changing smallpox from a childhood disease before 1805 to one which affected both
      adults and children after 1805. This appears to be due to the fact that Alanders
      were usually vaccinated only once during childhood and often lost their immunity
      during adulthood. Spectral analysis of the prevaccination time series of smallpox
      deaths demonstrates a strong seven-year periodicity, reflecting the amount of
      time necessary to build up a cohort of nonimmune individuals. After the
      introduction of vaccination, the periodicity changes to eight years. The
      probability that a parish in Aland was affected by a smallpox epidemic is shown
      to be highly correlated with migration patterns and parish population sizes.

PMID- 6383889
TI  - [Cross bars and cross bar attachment systems, indications and function].

PMID- 6383888
TI  - [Fissure and cusp preparation with an endodontic needle].

PMID- 6383890
TI  - [Training the dental technician. 20 (2). Working models for the construction of
      cast dentures. 2: Measurements and indications].

PMID- 6383891
TI  - [The Cerestore-full porcelain crown as an alternative to the metalloceramic
      crown?].

PMID- 6383892
TI  - [Training the dental technician. 21. Blocking out and duplicating: preparation
      for model casting].

PMID- 6383893
TI  - Toxic epidermal necrolysis probably due to Klebsiella pneumoniae sepsis.
AB  - We describe a case of toxic epidermal necrolysis probably caused by Klebsiella
      pneumoniae septicaemia. The clinical and histological findings of this patient
      were typical for toxic epidermal necrolysis.

PMID- 6383894
TI  - Dermatosis of hairless rats fed a hypomagnesic diet--pathology and immunology.
AB  - The histopathology of hypomagnesic dermatosis in the hairless rat was studied on
      semithin sections, by electron microscopy, direct immunofluorescence and
      monoclonal antibodies to T cell subsets. We found primarily an edema of the
      epidermis and of the superficial dermis with a moderate mononuclear infiltrate
      and sometimes intraepidermal splits. The immunofluorescent study did not reveal
      any significant immune reactant within the skin. The comparison of our findings
      with the histopathology of the atopic dermatitis did not allow us to propose the
      hypomagnesic dermatosis as an animal model for human atopic dermatitis. We
      discuss some aspects of the pathogenesis of this chronic inflammatory dermatosis.

PMID- 6383895
TI  - A case of hypothyroidism with bulla formation.
AB  - Intraepidermal blisters caused by slight abrasion appeared on the fingertips,
      toes and insteps of the feet of a 73-year-old Japanese female suffering from
      primary hypothyroidism. The tendency to form bullae decreased markedly with the
      administration of thyroid hormone. The discussion concerns the relation between
      bullae and thyroid hormone level.

PMID- 6383896
TI  - Kaposi's sarcoma after immunosuppressive therapy for bullous pemphigoid.
AB  - Immunosuppressed patients are at risk of acquiring Kaposi's sarcoma. We describe
      a 86-year-old man who was receiving steroid therapy for bullous pemphigoid and
      rapidly developed Kaposi's Sarcoma. The authors review and discuss the role of
      acquired immunosuppression in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma.

PMID- 6383897
TI  - Cathepsin B-like proteinase as a marker for metastatic tumor cell variants.
AB  - Serial transplantation of a spontaneous BDX rat tumor, classified as an
      anaplastic sarcoma, gives rise to two variants; a rapidly growing nonmetastatic
      line (AS) and a slowly growing, invasive, and highly metastatic variant (ASML).
      The availability of two cell lines of the same origin but with markedly differing
      metastatic potential offers an ideal model for the identification of the cellular
      properties involved in invasive and/or metastatic behavior. The present work
      focuses on the pattern of various proteinases in the two tumor cell variants. The
      findings disclosed one major consistent difference which relates to a cathepsin B
      like cysteine proteinase. The metastatic ASML variant manifests exceedingly high
      intracellular cathepsin B-like activity; in the nonmetastatic AS variant, the
      activity of this proteinase is significantly lower. Other proteinases, in
      particular elastase-like, chymotrypsin-like, collagenase-like enzymes and
      plasminogen activator, showed low, essentially comparable activity patterns.
      Thus, cathepsin B-like proteinase is a marker enzyme of the metastatic ASML tumor
      cell variant.

PMID- 6383898
TI  - Acute effects of ultraviolet light B on morphology and epidermal cell kinetics in
      human skin transplanted to nude mice.
AB  - Grafts of human skin on nude mice were irradiated with varying doses of
      ultraviolet light B and at various intervals were subjected to histological
      examination and determination of the epidermal 3H-thymidine labelling index. The
      studies showed that the human skin in the foreign milieu of the nude mouse
      retained its ability to respond to phototoxic damage. The findings suggest that
      the nude mouse/human skin model could be a valuable tool in human
      photodermatological research.

PMID- 6383900
TI  - The maturation response of stage IV, V, and VI Xenopus oocytes to progesterone
      stimulation in vitro.
AB  - Full-grown Xenopus oocytes, Stage VI (1200-1300 microns), undergo meiotic
      maturation when exposed to progesterone. Smaller stage IV (800 microns) and stage
      V (1000 microns) oocytes remain in prophase arrest when exposed to this steroid.
      The larger stage VI oocytes undergo an intracellular alkalization from 7.2 to
      7.6, a six- to eightfold increase in the phosphorylation of the 40 S ribosomal
      protein S-6, and a two- to threefold increase in total protein synthesis when
      exposed to progesterone. It was found that 800- to 1000-microns oocytes do not
      undergo these physiological changes when exposed to progesterone. This lack of
      response could explain the failure of small oocytes to undergo germinal vesicle
      breakdown (GVBD). However, when stage IV and V oocytes were artificially
      alkalized to a pHi of 7.6 by the weak bases, trimethylamine, procaine, or
      methylamine, S-6 phosphorylation was stimulated four- to sixfold and protein
      synthesis was stimulated two- to threefold, but they still did not undergo GVBD.
      Stage IV and V oocytes are able to amplify MPF injected into their cytoplasm and
      undergo GVBD. Thus, 800- to 1000-microns oocytes appear to contain a store of
      inactive MPF in their cytoplasm. It seems that an additional physiological
      parameter(s), that is unique to steroid-treated stage VI oocytes, is responsible
      for activating this MPF which induces GVBD.

PMID- 6383899
TI  - Neurofilament expression in vagal neural crest-derived precursors of enteric
      neurons.
AB  - In order to gain insight into the potential role of the enteric microenvironment
      in the neuronal determination of the neural crest-derived precursor cells of
      enteric neurons, an attempt was made to ascertain when and where along the
      migratory route of these cells that they first express neuronal properties. The
      immunocytochemical detection of the 160-kDa component of the triplet of the chick
      neurofilament peptides served as a neuronal marker. In addition, neurogenic
      potential was assessed by growing explants of tissue suspected of containing
      presumptive neuroblasts in culture or as grafts on the chorioallantoic membrane
      of chick embryonic hosts. Neurofilament immunoreactivity was first detected in
      the foregut by Day 4 of development and spread to the hindgut by Day 7. Within
      the hindgut, development was more advanced within the colorectum than within the
      more proximal terminal ileum and caecal appendages. This probably reflects the
      distal-proximal migration of sacral neural crest cells in the postumbilical
      bowel. The ability of enteric explants to show neuronal development in vitro
      correlated with whether or not cells containing neurofilament immunoreactivity
      had reached that segment of gut at the age of explantation. These data suggest
      that enteric neuronal precursors have already begun to differentiate as neurons
      by the time they colonize the gut. Prior to the appearance of fibrillar
      neurofilament immunoreactivity in the foregut, cells that express this marker
      were found transiently within the mesenchyme of branchial arches 3, 4, and 5.
      These cells had disappeared from this region by developmental Day 6. The
      neurogenic potential of branchial arches 3 and 4 was demonstrated by the
      correlation that was found between the ability of explants of these arches to
      show neuronal development in vitro and the presence within them of cells that
      display neurofilament immunoreactivity. No similar neurogenic potential was found
      in the more rostral branchial arches which lacked the masses of neurofilament
      immunoreactive cells. The location of the caudal branchial arches below the
      migrating vagal neural crest, the transience of the neurofilament
      immunoreactivity in them, and the coincident transience of their neurogenic
      potential in vitro, suggested that the masses of neurofilament immunoreactive
      cells in the caudal branchial arches might be vagal neural crest-derived neuronal
      precursor cells en route to the pharynx and the rest of the gut.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6383901
TI  - Developmental changes in rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase.
AB  - Hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase activity and mass content change coordinately
      during development in male rats. Enzyme activity and mass content increase
      continuously after birth to 100 and 80% of maximal values within 6 weeks (2.6 +/-
      0.4 mumole/min/g liver and 92 +/- 20 micrograms/g liver), respectively. When
      expressed per milligram of soluble proteins, both parameters peak at 3 weeks
      (0.052 +/- 0.002 mumole/min/mg protein and 2.0 +/- 0.4 micrograms/mg protein) and
      then decrease gradually to plateau levels. These decreases probably arise from a
      "surge" in soluble liver protein levels that occurs after weaning. Similar
      developmental patterns also occur in female rats. These findings are the first
      quantitative measurements of this enzyme in developing animals.

PMID- 6383902
TI  - Expression of a glucose-regulated cell surface protein in early mouse embryos.
AB  - A 100,000-Da glucose-regulated surface protein (100K-GRP) has previously been
      isolated from the cell surface and culture medium of human fibroblasts. A rabbit
      antiserum directed against this protein reacts with the cell surface of both
      human and murine cultured cells and with a broad spectrum of mammalian tissues.
      It is shown, via indirect immunofluorescence, that this protein is also present
      on cells of the developing mouse embryo and can be detected as early as the 4
      cell stage. The 8-cell embryo and morula show positive surface labeling; the
      inner cell masses of both the pre- and postimplantation blastocysts are also
      positive but the trophectoderm is not. At the 6-day egg cylinder stage, the
      embryonic and extra-embryonic ectoderm label intensely with the antiserum and
      visceral endoderm shows faint labeling. No labeling can be detected on parietal
      endoderm or on the trophoblastic giant cells invading the uterine decidua.
      However, the internal cells of the ectoplacental cone exhibit bright
      fluorescence. The same pattern is observed on 7- to 8.5-day embryos, except that
      at this stage no label is associated with the visceral endoderm. In addition,
      mesodermal cells emerging from the primitive streak are also labeled.

PMID- 6383903
TI  - Alloxan-induced free radical production in isolated cells. Selective effect on
      islet cells.
AB  - Chemiluminescence, as a direct measure of oxygen free radical production, induced
      in isolated cells, hepatocytes, and red cells by the action of alloxan has been
      measured. The assay system used luminol, 3 microM, for signal amplification. The
      buffer used was Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate with 16 mM Hepes, pH 7.4. This buffer
      did not react with alloxan in the absence of cells. Some chemiluminescence was
      noted from all cells in the absence of alloxan. In the presence of alloxan,
      reactions occurred within seconds and islet cells were significantly more
      reactive to alloxan than either red cells or hepatocytes as defined by alloxan
      dose-response curves with fixed cell numbers or fixed surface areas. These data
      indicate a cell specificity for an early action of alloxan perhaps mediated at
      the cell membrane.

PMID- 6383904
TI  - The enteric enhancement of glucose-stimulated insulin release. The role of GIP in
      aging, obesity, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The effect of aging, obesity, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus on
      glucose-stimulated gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) levels was studied in 55
      male subjects, ranging in age from 19 to 84 yr, and in obesity, expressed as body
      mass index, from 21 to 34. Studies were performed using the hyperglycemic glucose
      clamp technique, in which the blood glucose was maintained at 125 mg/dl above
      basal for 2 h. Glucose (40 g/m2 body surface) was ingested at 60 min. Plasma
      immunoreactive GIP (IR-GIP) did not change during intravenous (i.v.) glucose
      alone, but began to rise within 10 min after glucose ingestion and reached a peak
      at 30-40 min. Basal and stimulated IR-GIP levels were markedly elevated in
      diabetic subjects and modestly elevated in obese subjects, compared with
      appropriately matched controls. In contrast, age had little effect on plasma IR
      GIP levels either in the basal state or after glucose ingestion. When IR-GIP
      responses to oral glucose were expressed as a relative change from basal levels,
      IR-GIP rose 86% in diabetic subjects and 243% in obese subjects, compared with
      185% and 165% in their respective controls. IR-GIP rose 179% in young subjects
      and 144% in middle-aged subjects, while, in old subjects, the increase was 265%.
      Plasma IRI levels were reduced in the diabetic subjects, slightly elevated in
      obese subjects, and were similar in older and younger subjects. Beta cell
      sensitivity to endogenous GIP decreases with age, and is unchanged in both
      obesity and nonmedicated diabetes.

PMID- 6383905
TI  - The antibody response to insulin therapy. A prospective study in HLA-typed
      insulin-dependent diabetic subjects.
AB  - There is heterogeneity within insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and it
      has been suggested that the presence of the HLA-DR specificities DR3 and DR4
      define two subsets of IDDM with clear differences in their immune response to
      therapeutic insulin. To test this hypothesis, we have prospectively studies the
      development of insulin binding antibody (IBA) in 54 subjects with newly
      diagnosed, classical childhood IDDM, determined seven binding constants of their
      IBA, and measured the presence or absence of pancreatic polypeptide-binding
      antibodies after 1 yr of therapy with insulin. There were no relationships
      between insulin and pancreatic polypeptide antibodies and the DR3 or DR4
      specificities whether these specificities were tested for alone or in
      combination, comparing the presence and absence of DR3 and DR4 and comparing DR3
      with DR4, except that of the 33% of all subjects who developed antibodies binding
      pancreatic polypeptide by 1 yr, none possessed the DR3 specificity alone (P =
      0.018). Thus, the hypothesis that the HLA-DR3 and -DR4 specificities are major
      determinants of IBA formation and, therefore, define important subsets of
      childhood IDDM in terms of immune response to therapeutic insulin is not
      substantiated by this study.

PMID- 6383906
TI  - Effects of portal and peripheral venous insulin infusion on glucose production
      and utilization in depancreatized, conscious dogs.
AB  - The relation between portal vein insulin concentrations and suppression of
      hepatic glucose production, as well as peripheral venous insulin level and
      increase of peripheral glucose utilization, was compared in conscious,
      depancreatized, diabetic dogs after infusion of insulin at 0.25 and 0.5 mU/kg/min
      into either the portal system or the peripheral circulation. Glucose appearance
      and clearance was measured using [3-3H]-glucose. Before infusion of insulin,
      portal vein insulin concentrations were undetectable. The intraportal infusion of
      insulin at 0.25 mU/kg/min increased portal vein insulin to 16 +/- 1 microU/ml,
      significantly higher than the arterial concentration (9 +/- 1 microU/ml).
      Infusion of the same amount of insulin into a peripheral vein raised peripheral
      insulin levels to 14 +/- 1 microU/ml and portal vein concentrations to 12 +/- 1
      microU/ml. When 0.5 mU/kg/min of insulin was infused into the portal system, the
      portal vein insulin level was 28 +/- 2 microU/ml and significantly greater than
      the arterial concentration (16 +/- 1 microU/ml). After the same amount of insulin
      was infused into a peripheral vein, the arterial insulin level was higher than
      that of the portal vein (25 +/- 1 microU/ml versus 20 +/- 1 microU/ml,
      respectively). The ensuing hypoglycemia was greater after the 0.5 mU/kg/min
      infusion compared with the 0.25 mU/kg/min infusion. At each dose there was no
      significant difference between the peripheral venous or the portal
      route.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6383908
TI  - Sustained normoglycemia in newly diagnosed type I diabetic subjects. Short-term
      effects and one-year follow-up.
AB  - The impact on remission of normalizing blood glucose levels immediately after
      diagnosis of type I diabetes was studied in 14 adolescents. Accordingly, in this
      randomized prospective primary intervention study, 7 of the subjects (i.v. group)
      received insulin by continuous intravenous (i.v.) infusion via a portable
      preprogrammed system for 28-62 days and 7 (s.c. group) received conventional
      subcutaneous (s.c.) therapy. Before therapy, the two groups did not differ
      significantly with respect to glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting plasma C-peptide,
      or 24-h urinary C-peptide excretion. During the infusion period, the overall mean
      fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentration for the i.v. group was 84 mg/dl with a
      mean coefficient of variation of 18 +/- 4% (mean +/- SD). During the comparable
      period for the s.c. group, the mean FPG was 253 mg/dl with a coefficient of
      variation of 30 +/- 20%. Twenty-four-hour urinary glucose excretions for the two
      groups were 0.29 +/- 0.06 (mean +/- SEM) and 59 +/- 11 g/day, respectively. Daily
      insulin requirements in the i.v. group decreased from 1.47 +/- 0.19 U/kg body
      wt/day at the start to 0.47 +/- 0.10 U/kg/day at the end of the infusion period.
      Notably, 10-25 days after the infusion period, 5 of 7 subjects experienced a
      further decrease to a low of 0.27 +/- 0.01 U/kg/day. The mean peak and low
      requirements in the s.c. group were 0.71 +/- 0.15 and 0.33 +/- 0.13 U/kg/day,
      respectively, with the only peak requirements being significantly different (P
      less than 0.01). No patient was able to discontinue insulin therapy.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6383907
TI  - Evidence for a direct action of insulin to increase renal reabsorption of calcium
      and for an irreversible defect in renal ability to conserve calcium due to
      prolonged absence of insulin.
AB  - Male rats were injected with streptozotocin (STZ), 60 mg/kg, i.p., on 2
      successive days. Six hours after the last STZ injection, some STZ-diabetic rats
      began receiving daily injections of insulin that were insufficient to control
      blood glucose. Another group of STZ-diabetic rats received insulin injections
      after 2 wk duration of untreated diabetes. Still other STZ-diabetic rats received
      no insulin treatment. Under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia, kidneys from each
      treatment group were isolated and perfused with an artificial "plasma" containing
      45Ca. As urine was collected, urine-to-perfusate ultrafiltrate (U/P) ratios for
      45Ca were determined. The results of the studies showed that: STZ diabetes
      reduced 45Ca reabsorption by the kidney; the increased urinary excretion of
      calcium was not due to an osmotic effect or to a direct nephrotoxic action of
      STZ; and insulin therapy instituted early, but insufficient to control blood
      glucose, reduced the diabetes-induced calcium loss via a direct action on the
      kidney, whereas insulin therapy instituted late failed to reverse renal loss of
      calcium.

PMID- 6383909
TI  - Predictive value of speech and language screening.

PMID- 6383910
TI  - Intellectual functioning in Turner syndrome.

PMID- 6383911
TI  - To what extent does food sensitivity contribute to headache recurrence?

PMID- 6383912
TI  - Abnormal lymphocyte function precedes hyperglycaemia in mice treated with
      multiple low doses of streptozotocin.
AB  - To investigate early immunological disturbances at the onset of diabetes,
      lymphocyte function and islet cell surface antibodies were studied in
      streptozotocin-treated C57BL/10 and B10.BR mice. In C57BL/10 mice, streptozotocin
      given in multiple low doses depressed lymphoblastic transformation to
      phytohaemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen, but not to concanavalin A on day 6
      after the first administration. On day 20, the transformation remained suppressed
      with phytohaemagglutinin, but recovered to the control level with pokeweed
      mitogen. In the early phase after treatment, the islet cell surface antibodies
      were elevated and then declined. Single high dose administration depressed
      responses to phytohaemagglutinin with no detectable islet cell surface
      antibodies. In B10.BR mice transformations to pokeweed mitogen and concanavalin A
      were suppressed in the early phase. The strain of mice may be a factor to be
      considered. Thus, it was suggested that the deterioration of immunological
      function with the formation of islet cell surface antibodies preceded the onset
      of hyperglycaemia in mice treated with multiple low doses of streptozotocin.

PMID- 6383913
TI  - Non-obese-diabetic mice: immune mechanisms of pancreatic beta-cell destruction.
AB  - The sequence of events shortly before the initiation of diabetes in female non
      obese diabetic mice was studied. Immunologically, anti-lymphocyte antibodies
      appeared most frequently at 3 weeks of age and decreased thereafter. Insulin
      concentrations dropped after the initiation of mononuclear cell infiltration into
      the islets. The majority of female mice lost approximately 85% of their insulin
      at aged 22 weeks. Islet cell surface antibodies appeared most frequently during
      this period (12-18 weeks). Morphological examination revealed that mononuclear
      cells start to infiltrate islets at 6 weeks of age and involve major areas of the
      islets in females aged 22 weeks. Among these mononuclear cells, IgM-positive
      cells were found to be a major constituent, forming follicular (nodular) cell
      aggregates. T-helper and/or T-cytotoxic cells (Lyt-1-, and/or Lyt-2-positive
      cells) were fewer and located mainly around the follicular structures. Asialo GM
      1-positive lymphocytes (natural killer cells), though present, were far fewer.
      The process of destruction of pancreatic islets in non-obese diabetic mice is
      discussed with emphasis on the characteristic local immune response in the
      pancreas.

PMID- 6383914
TI  - Analysis of insulin receptors on human lymphoblastoid cell lines by flow
      cytometry.
AB  - Antibodies to the insulin receptor have provided important experimental probes of
      receptor structure and function. In the present study, we have characterized the
      insulin receptor on human lymphoblastoid cell lines using polyclonal and
      monoclonal anti-receptor antibodies and fluorescence flow cytometry. The cell
      lines were derived by Epstein-Barr virus transformation of peripheral mononuclear
      leucocytes from normal subjects or patients with disorders that affect the
      insulin receptor. Fluorescence analysis revealed a high level of specific
      fluorescence on lymphoid cell lines from normal individuals (mean peak
      fluorescence 30-50 units above the control) and was similar to the labelling of
      the spontaneously transformed lymphoblastoid cell line IM-9. Transformed cells
      from patients with syndromes of insulin resistance, such as the Rabson Mendenhall
      syndrome, leprechaunism and the type A syndrome of insulin resistance and
      acanthosis nigricans, exhibited little or no specific fluorescence. In all cases,
      there was an unimodal distribution of receptors on cells. In addition, there was
      a good correlation between specific binding of 125I-insulin and percentage peak
      fluorescence. The data indicate that fluorescence flow cytometry can be used to
      study the distribution of insulin receptor on different cell lines and to study
      cells derived from patients with disease states.

PMID- 6383915
TI  - Immunological aspect of non-obese diabetic mice: immune islet cell-killing
      mechanism and cell-mediated immunity.
AB  - The non-obese diabetic mouse is thought to be one of the best available animal
      models for human Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. By 51Cr release assay we
      investigated cell-mediated cytotoxicity to the islet cell of Balb/C mice, natural
      killer activity, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity activity of
      spleen lymphocytes from pre-diabetic non-obese diabetic mice. The cell-mediated
      cytotoxicity to islet cells of non-obese diabetic mice was significantly higher
      than that of control ICR mice. In contrast, natural killer and antibody-dependent
      cell-mediated cytotoxicity activities of the spleen cells from the non-obese
      diabetic mice were significantly lower than those of ICR mice spleen cells. These
      results suggest that lymphocytes from non-obese diabetic mice were sensitized to
      the antigen of islet cells and that the non-specific cellular immunity of non
      obese mice was reduced. They suggest also that this immune islet cell-killing
      mechanism may play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes in non-obese
      diabetic mice.

PMID- 6383916
TI  - Immunological properties and biological effectiveness of insulin analogues
      substituted at position B30.
AB  - The aim of this investigation was to assess the immunological properties of
      several insulin analogues by examining both their antigenic and immunogenic
      behaviour. In addition, the hypoglycaemic activity was also determined and
      compared with values obtained with natural insulin. The modified insulin
      preparations were of porcine and bovine origin. All analogues had in common the
      fact that the alanine B30 had been exchanged by either leucine, threonine,
      tyrosine, phenylalanine or glycine. The blood glucose-lowering activity was
      determined in rabbits and dogs, while the stimulation of antibody development was
      studied in three different animal species; pigs, dogs and rabbits. The antigenic
      properties of analogues were evaluated in vitro by measuring their binding
      capacity to pre-formed antibodies. In all cases the blood glucose lowering
      activity of the analogues was comparable to that of the respective natural
      insulin. There were remarkable differences in the binding capacity to pre-formed
      antibodies, with bovine Leu-B30 insulin competing only to 73% with the natural
      insulin tracer. With regard to antibody development, the analogues behaved
      similarly to the original hormones. These results show that there is little
      correlation between the antigenic make-up of the insulin molecule and its ability
      to provoke antibody stimulation.

PMID- 6383917
TI  - Antibodies spontaneously bound to islet cells in diabetic C57BL/KsJ db/db mice.
AB  - Antibodies to pancreatic islet cells were visualized, using an
      immunohistochemical method with the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex, either in
      the islets or sera of diabetic C57BL/KsJ db/db mice. They were revealed within
      the cytoplasm of all islet cell types. Anti-islet complement-dependent antibodies
      were demonstrated in vitro in the sera of the same db/db mice. These anomalies
      were not detected in control littermates. During the life span of db/db mice,
      cell-bound antibodies were present at early stages, co-existing with
      hyperinsulinaemia, islet hypertrophy and decreased insulin content of cells.
      Circulating antibodies were detectable later, before the development of
      insulinopenia, islet atrophy and cell necrosis. The titre of the
      immunohistochemical detected complement-fixing antibodies and their lytic potency
      for islet cells in vitro increased with age. This is the first time that
      antibodies to islet cells have been revealed within the islets of diabetic
      animals. Furthermore, anti-islet cell autoantibodies appear very early in db/db
      islets and may be implicated in the pathogenesis of this murine diabetic
      syndrome.

PMID- 6383918
TI  - Effects of insulin antibodies on bioavailability of insulin: preliminary studies
      using 123I-insulin in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes.
AB  - Bovine insulin was labelled with carrier-free Na 123I and the species labelled on
      the A14 tyrosyl residue was purified by reverse phase high pressure liquid
      chromatography. After sterilization by filtration through a 0.22 micrometer
      millipore filter, the labelled hormones (123I-insulin) was injected intravenously
      into normal volunteers and into two insulin-immunized insulin-dependent diabetic
      patients. Patient 1 was treated with 74 U insulin/day, whereas, despite daily
      insulin doses greater than 100 U, patient 2 remained hyperglycaemic and continued
      to lose weight. Plasma insulin binding capacity was 10 U/l in patient 1 and
      greater than 20 U/l in patient 2. In both diabetic patients, heart activity (i.e.
      blood pool) decreased more slowly than in control patients, an observation
      consistent with the reduction of plasma insulin clearance rate in immunized
      patients. Kidney activity was decreased in patient 1 and undetectable in patient
      2, suggesting that most of the circulating 123I-insulin was bound to antibodies
      and not filtrable. Finally, in both patients, the profile of liver radioactivity
      was markedly altered. Maximum liver activity was delayed and the liver image
      persisted for greater than 45 min. According to analysis of the time activity
      profile in various organs, we consider that specific antibodies act predominantly
      either as 'carrier-proteins' retarding the action of soluble insulin as in
      patient 1 or as insulin 'scavengers', the immune complexes being cleared by the
      reticulo-endothelial system as in patient 2.

PMID- 6383919
TI  - Pre-type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes: common endocrinological course despite
      immunological and immunogenetic heterogeneity.
AB  - In an ongoing prospective study 32 individuals have been evaluated for insulin
      secretory dynamics, islet cell antibodies and HLA antigens, during the
      preclinical phase of Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Twenty-four out of the 32 subjects
      were islet cell antibody-positive. To date, 14 subjects (10 islet cell antibody
      positive, four islet cell antibody-negative) have progressed to develop overt
      diabetes. Several patterns of HLA-DR expression were noted (DR3/DR4, DR3/DR3,
      DR3/x, DR3/DR1, DR4/x, DR4/DR7, DR5/DR7, DR1/DR7 and DR1/DR2). Irrespective of
      differences in islet cell antibody status or HLA-DR alleles, pre-diabetic
      individuals exhibited a similar slow course of progressive beta-cell dysfunction.

PMID- 6383920
TI  - Recent experience with 89 pancreas transplants at a single institution.
AB  - Of 89 pancreas transplants performed in 77 diabetic patients (43 with and 34
      without previous kidney transplants), 53 were from cadaver and 36 from related
      donors. To date, 64 patients (83%) are alive and 27 (35%) have functioning grafts
      (14 greater than 1 year), including 0 out of 3 duct-ligated, 3 out of 15 open
      duct, 17 out of 32 enteric-drained, and 7 out of 39 duct-injected. Of technically
      successful allografts, 8 out of 16 (50%) in the azathioprine- and 17 out of 47
      (36%) in the cyclosporin-treated recipients are functioning (eight cyclosporin
      patients also take azathioprine). Seven of the nine (78%) non-kidney-transplants
      recipients of technically successful pancreas allografts from HLA-identical
      siblings have functioning grafts. Causes of graft failure include allograft
      rejection, fibrosis secondary to duct injection, or selective beta-cell
      destruction independent of rejection. Of the 24 recipients who are currently
      insulin-dependent, 14 have normal or near-normal glucose tolerance test results,
      while 10 have abnormal results, even though they are otherwise euglycaemic. The
      patient population to whom pancreas transplantation is applied is gradually
      changing, and non-uraemic, non-kidney-transplant patients currently comprise the
      majority of our cases (17 out of 24 in 1983; nine of the 17 currently have
      functioning grafts). We now prefer the enteric drainage technique.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6383921
TI  - Thirty months' experience with cyclosporin in human pancreatic transplantation.
AB  - Between September 1978 and December 1983, 33 simultaneous kidney plus pancreatic
      transplantations were performed in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients
      with uraemia at the Herriot Hospital, Lyon. In eight patients grafted before June
      1981, immunosuppressive treatment consisted of azathioprine, steroids and a
      temporary course with anti-lymphocyte globulins (protocol A). Since June 1981,
      the immunosuppressive treatment has consisted of cyclosporin administered
      according to two protocols: from the day of transplantation with temporary anti
      lymphocyte globulins with or without steroids (protocol B, seven patients), or
      after an initial course with protocol A, with or without steroids (protocol C, 18
      patients). Only slight differences in patient and pancreatic graft survival
      between the three protocols were observed at 3, 6 and 12 months, while an
      improved survival rate for both patients and pancreatic grafts was observed in
      protocols B and C at 2 years. Moreover the incidence of pancreatic rejection as a
      cause of loss of pancreatic function seemed to be reduced under protocols B and
      C.

PMID- 6383922
TI  - Long-term effects of cyclosporin A on cultured mouse pancreatic islets.
AB  - In the light of recent attempts to treat newly-diagnosed Type 1 (insulin
      dependent) diabetic patients with cyclosporin A, and reports suggesting an
      impaired glucose tolerance following immunosuppression therapy with cyclosporin
      A, we investigated the long-term effects of cyclosporin A on islet beta-cell
      morphology and function in vitro. Collagenase-isolated mouse pancreatic islets
      were cultured free-floating for 7 days in medium RPMI 1640 + 10% calf serum in
      the presence of cyclosporin A (0.1 or 1.0 mg/l). Islets cultured in the presence
      of the higher cyclosporin A concentration had impaired islet proinsulin
      biosynthesis and insulin release when challenged with high glucose concentration.
      Moreover, the insulin content of the drug-exposed islets was decreased and so was
      the rate of DNA synthesis. The glucose oxidation and respiratory rates, however,
      remained unaffected, suggesting that the impaired insulin production was not a
      result of defective oxidative metabolism. There were no changes in the
      ultrastructure or phospholipid biosynthesis of the islets after the drug
      treatment. These data indicate that cyclosporin A affects islets in culture, the
      clinical implications of which are so far difficult to assess. The inhibitory
      effect of cyclosporin A on islet cell DNA synthesis must nevertheless be
      considered in attempts to ameliorate Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes, and
      when grating islet cells in numbers primarily insufficient to cure the recipient.

PMID- 6383923
TI  - A beta-cell glycoprotein of Mr 40 000 is the major rat islet cell immunogen
      following xenogenic immunisation.
AB  - An antiserum (R2) was raised in a rabbit against dispersed Sprague Dawley rat
      islet cells. The R2 antiserum contains islet cell surface antibodies, which
      mediate complement-dependent cytotoxicity against islet cells resulting in a
      block of glucose induced insulin release. Immunoprecipitation and gel
      electrophoretic analysis showed that R2 specifically recognizes an Mr 40 000
      glycoprotein present in both rat islet and rat insulinoma cells. This
      glycoprotein is amphiphilic in character and probably represents a pancreatic
      beta cell specific plasma membrane component. The results support previous
      observations in mouse beta cells that a plasma membrane glycoprotein of Mr 40K
      constitutes a major islet cell immunogen.

PMID- 6383924
TI  - Insulin-anti-insulin complexes in diabetic women and their neonates.
AB  - It is known that insulin does not cross placenta, whereas maternal anti-insulin
      antibodies do. We have therefore investigated insulin antibodies and insulin-anti
      insulin complexes both in pregnant diabetic women during pregnancy and in
      umbilical cord blood from their new-born infants. Forty-seven diabetic pregnant
      women and 23 new-born-infants of these diabetic women were studied. All the
      pregnant patients were studied at the end of pregnancy and in 27, at least on one
      other occasion during pregnancy. All the patients were treated with insulin
      during pregnancy: 26 had Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes, 14 Type 2 (non
      insulin-dependent) diabetes and seven had gestational diabetes. Insulin
      antibodies were found in 62% of the Type 1 diabetic patients, in 71% of the Type
      2 diabetic patients and in 43% of the gestational diabetic patients. There were
      present in 48% of the infants studied. Insulin-anti-insulin complexes were found
      in 37% of the women with Type 1 diabetes, in 21% of those with Type 2 diabetes
      and in 14% of those with gestational diabetes. Complexes were found in 38% of the
      new-born infants. The presence of these complexes in the babies was more strongly
      correlated with their occurrence in their mothers at the beginning than at the
      end of pregnancy. Insulin-anti-insulin complexes are thus present in the neonatal
      circulation. They may differ from those in their mothers and they may have
      pathophysiological and clinical importance.

PMID- 6383925
TI  - Congenital rubella syndrome as a model for type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes
      mellitus: increased prevalence of islet cell surface antibodies.
AB  - An increased prevalence of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes has been reported
      in patients with congenital rubella. Rubella virus multiplies in the pancreas,
      and we have hypothesized that studies of children with congenital rubella would
      be of great importance in following the development of Type 1 diabetes in a
      defined, susceptible population. Two hundred and forty-one children with
      congenital rubella (mean age 17.4 +/- 0.3 years; 65% black and hispanic) have
      been evaluated, 30 of whom already have diabetes and 17 of whom have borderline
      glucose tolerance. In these latter two groups, HLA-DR3 is significantly increased
      and HLA-DR2 significantly decreased. Pancreatic islet cell cytotoxic surface
      antibodies are found in 20% of the total congenital rubella population, including
      in more than 50% in the time period before they develop diabetes and are not
      related to any specific HLA type. In addition, anti-microsomal and anti
      thyroglobulin antibodies are found in 34% of this population. The data
      demonstrate that Type 1 diabetes developing in congenital rubella patients has
      the genetic and immunological features of classical Type 1 diabetes, namely the
      presence of HLA-DR3, the absence of HLA-DR2, islet cell surface antibodies before
      decompensation and an increased prevalence of anti-thyroid antibodies. Patients
      with non-diabetic congenital rubella represent an easily identifiable group in
      whom other immunological factors associated with Type 1 diabetes can be
      elucidated and possibly modified.

PMID- 6383927
TI  - Immunogenicity of monocomponent human and porcine insulin in newly diagnosed type
      1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic children.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to compare the immunogenicity of monocomponent
      human insulin with that of monocomponent porcine insulin in newly diagnosed Type
      1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic children. One hundred and thirty-five patients at
      diagnosis of diabetes (age 1-18 years, mean age 9.3 years) were randomly
      allocated to treatment with either Monotard MC + Actrapid MC or Monotard HM +
      Actrapid HM in a double-blind trial conducted in Sweden, Finland, Norway and
      Denmark. The human and porcine insulin groups were identical at diagnosis with
      respect to age, sex and measures of metabolic control. At all times the mean
      insulin antibody levels and the percentage of antibody-positive patients were
      lower in the human group compared with the porcine group. At 3 and 12 months, the
      insulin antibody values were significantly lower in the human group than in the
      porcine group (p less than 0.05, Wilcoxon's rank sum test). At 12 months,
      antibody values in the human group ranged from 0 to 1.2 U/l (mean 0.14 U/l) and
      in the porcine insulin group from 0-5.2 U/l (mean 0.63 U/l). It is therefore
      concluded that human monocomponent insulin has a lower immunogenicity than
      porcine insulin of the same purity in newly diagnosed diabetic children during
      the first year of insulin treatment.

PMID- 6383926
TI  - Correlation of islet cell antibodies and HLA-DR phenotypes with diabetes mellitus
      in adults.
AB  - In a cross-sectional study, sera of 81 adult diabetic in-patients were tested for
      the presence of pancreatic islet cell antibodies (ICA), both IgG and complement
      fixing. All patients had been well controlled initially with oral hypoglycaemic
      agents and therefore had been classified as having Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent)
      diabetes. However, 14 were subsequently classified as Type 1 (insulin-dependent)
      because they became insulin-dependent within 2 months of diagnosis. Ten of these
      patients (71%) were ICA-positive. Sixty-seven patients had been non-insulin
      dependent for at least 1 year after diagnosis. Circulating ICA were present in 18
      patients and 16 of these (89%) required insulin therapy. Secondary oral
      hypoglycaemic agent failure developed within a mean period of 3.7 years after
      diagnosis. In contrast, in the ICA-negative sub-group (n = 49) insulin treatment
      became necessary in 29 patients. Secondary oral hypoglycaemic agent failure of
      these patients had developed after a mean period of 8.4 years, which was
      significantly longer than in the ICA-positive patients (p less than 0.01).
      Complement-fixing-ICA were detected only in sera with an ICA-IgG titre of at
      least 8, and its prevalence was similar in the sub-groups tested, i.e., the Type
      1 diabetic patients and the patients with secondary oral hypoglycaemic agent
      failure. With HLA-DR typing, a significant excess of the DR3 antigen and
      heterozygous DR3/DR4 phenotypes was found in ICA-positive patients with secondary
      oral hypoglycaemic agent failure and in the Type 1 diabetic patients, which was
      comparable with the frequencies reported in juvenile-onset Type 1 diabetes.

PMID- 6383929
TI  - [Bacterial lipopolysaccharides: comparative analysis of the cardiovascular
      effects of E. coli, S. sonnei and Y. enterocolitica in anesthetized rats].
AB  - Intravenous injection of S. sonnei LPS (640 mcg/kg) and of Y. enterocolitica LPS
      (1280 mcg/kg) elicited a decrease in mean arterial pressure and heart rate in
      urethane anaesthetized rats. The bradycardia reached a maximum when hypotension
      had already reverted, thus suggesting direct and independent effects on the
      vessels and on the heart.

PMID- 6383928
TI  - Inhibition of phorbol-ester-induced adhesion of differentiating human myeloid
      leukemic cells by pentamidine-isethionate.
AB  - Human myeloid leukemia cells can be induced to differentiate into macrophage-like
      cells by various phorbol esters, particularly 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-14
      acetate (TPA). In this study, the effect of several known protease inhibitors on
      TPA-induced differentiation of human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells (line HL
      60) was tested. Among the test compounds, only pentamidine-isethionate (PI), an
      inhibitor of trypsin-like enzymes, prevented one early marker of differentiation,
      e.g. cell adherence to plastic and glass surfaces. However, PI failed to affect
      other markers of differentiation and did not inhibit readherence of scraped and
      resuspended TPA-treated cells. Exposure to TPA resulted in a decrease in the
      cellular alkaline proteolytic activity and an increase in the acid proteolytic
      activity. PI further inhibited the residual activity of the alkaline protease in
      the 36,000 g pellet fraction of the TPA-treated cells, but did not reduce this
      activity in control cells. The present results indicate, on the basis of the
      differential effects of PI, that the emergence of differentiation markers in HL
      60 cells following exposure to TPA is independent of the induction of adherence.

PMID- 6383930
TI  - Comparison of six systems for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae.
AB  - Six widely used commercial systems for Enterobacteriaceae identification (API 20
      E, API 10, Enterotube, Enterotube II, Micro-ID and Minitek) were evaluated at the
      same time by testing 611 organisms. Conventional media were used for comparison.
      API 20 E, Enterotube II and Micro-ID were highly accurate and identified about
      91% of the strains to the species level. The remaining organisms required
      additional tests and only a small minority was misidentified. Percentages of
      correct identification to the species level were 87.2 for Enterotube, 74.9 for
      API 10 and 67.1 for Minitek. Enterotube, Enterotube II and Micro-ID were, in our
      hands, the easiest systems to operate.

PMID- 6383931
TI  - [Biological effects of the combined action of laser radiation and methylene blue
      on a strain of Salmonella typhimurium (TA 1538) (I)].
AB  - The AA. have studied biological effects of laser radiation and methylene blue
      (MB) on Salmonella typhimurium TA 1538 strain. Their results show low lethal
      effect of laser radiation directly proportional to administered dose. This effect
      is more evident in the only MB treatment. Lethal effect persisted, although non
      directly proportional with combined treatment laser and MB. Some treatments have
      not demonstrated mutagenetic effect. A new set of trials they are making on
      Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 strain with plasmid pK M 101 that give to strain
      greatest susceptibility for mutagenetic agents.

PMID- 6383933
TI  - Chymopapain administration procedures modified.

PMID- 6383932
TI  - [Biological effects of laser radiation and methylene blue on a strain of
      Salmonella typhimurium (TA 100) (II)].
AB  - In this second note, the AA. have studied biological effect of laser radiation
      and methylene blue on Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 strain with greatest
      susceptibility for mutagenetic agents. Their results show a biological effect of
      laser radiation, of methylene blue like to those obtained for TA 1538 strain,
      nevertheless greatest susceptibility of TA 100 strain because carrier of plasmid.

PMID- 6383934
TI  - [Critical review of the methods of quantitative analysis in ventricular
      cineangiography].

PMID- 6383935
TI  - Interaction of hemolysis and genotype on ionized calcium in bile of mice with
      hemolysis-induced gallstones.
AB  - In this study, we used an ion-selective membrane electrode to measure ionized
      calcium in hepatic bile of control +/+ mice and nb/nb mice with hereditary
      hemolytic anemia. We found that biliary concentrations of ionized, bound, and
      total calcium were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) and magnesium was
      significantly lower (p less than 0.001) in nb/nb mice than in control +/+ mice.
      To separate the hemolytic process from genotypic influences, we transplanted
      genetically defective bone marrow from nb/nb mice into histocompatible
      nonhemolytic recipients (W/Wv). After successful engraftment, transplanted W/Wv
      mice had significantly higher biliary concentrations of ionized calcium than
      their untreated W/Wv counterparts (p less than 0.001); but bound and total
      calcium and magnesium concentrations were not different from untreated W/Wv
      controls. When compared with nb/nb mice, transplanted W/Wv mice had lower ionized
      calcium (p less than 0.001) and higher bound calcium concentrations (p less than
      0.001) in their biles. These data indicate that ionized calcium in hepatic bile
      is significantly influenced by genotypic factors and subsequently increased in
      chronic hemolysis; and further, that increased ionized calcium in bile of mice
      with hemolysis is a risk factor, but of limited predictive value for hemolysis
      induced gallstone formation.

PMID- 6383936
TI  - Kinetics of glucose metabolism in relation to insulin concentrations in patients
      with alcoholic cirrhosis and in healthy persons.
AB  - To characterize the insulin resistance in alcoholic cirrhosis we determined in
      vivo insulin-glucose disposal dose-response relationships in 6 patients with
      alcoholic cirrhosis of varying severity and in 6 control subjects, using the
      glucose-insulin clamp technique. Each subject was infused sequentially with
      insulin at rates of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 10 mU/min X kg, each rate for 2 h.
      Euglycemia was maintained by a continuous servo-adjusted glucose infusion. The
      amount of glucose infused during the last 40 min of each 2-h period, corrected
      for accumulation in the glucose space, reflects overall net glucose metabolism.
      The dose-response curves demonstrated saturation kinetics. Lineweaver-Burk plots
      were consistently convex, rejecting a simple Michaelis-Menten relationship, but
      were linear when accommodated to allosterism with two active sites. The
      calculated affinity constant (i.e., the concentration of insulin leading to half
      maximum glucose metabolism) of patients with cirrhosis was higher than that of
      normal controls (104 +/- 30 vs. 32 +/- 3 mU/L, mean +/- SD). In addition the
      maximum rate of glucose metabolism was significantly lower than that of normals
      (53 +/- 9 vs. 72 +/- 16 mumol/min X kg). We conclude that, in patients with
      alcoholic cirrhosis, insulin resistance is caused both by a marked decrease in
      sensitivity to insulin and a decreased maximum effect of insulin, indicating a
      combined receptor-postreceptor defect as the underlying cause.

PMID- 6383937
TI  - "Natural history" of Crohn's disease. An analytic review of the placebo lesson.

PMID- 6383938
TI  - YAG laser endoscopic treatment of an esophageal and sigmoid stricture after end
      to-end anastomosis stapling.

PMID- 6383939
TI  - [The significance of sonography in the early puerperium].
AB  - 620 single measurements of the length of the uterus were performed on 220 women
      in the early post partum period. Our results show that post partum involution
      progresses continuously. An exact evaluation of the length of the uterus can be
      made only by sonography; palpation is influenced by the angle in the uterine
      axis. Of equal clinical importance is the sonographic examination of the uterine
      wall, the contents of the uterine cavity and of other structures of the true
      pelvis.

PMID- 6383940
TI  - [Prenatal diagnosis of fetal meconium peritonitis, therapy and clinical course.
      With a contribution to the differential diagnosis of fetal ascites].
AB  - We report on the prenatal diagnosis of a case of foetal meconium peritonitis
      pursuant to colon perforation in the 34th week of gestation. A sonographic
      examination of the foetus showed ascites, dense zones around the peritoneum and
      intestine, hepatosplenomegaly and hydroceles, as well as a slight hydramnios. The
      foetal abdomen was punctured under ultrasonographic control, and ascitic fluid
      was withdrawn. It was sterile but included granulocytes, leucocytes, epidermal
      epithelial cells and lanugo hairs, thereby confirming the diagnosis. The
      bilirubin concentration was very high, and the protein content was also
      increased. An amniofoetography gave a clear picture of the small intestine and
      showed a calcified zone in the upper left abdomen. A Caesarean section was
      performed prior to term, and the prenatal diagnosis was confirmed. After surgical
      correction the infant has developed satisfactorily up to the present age of 15
      months, even though mucoviscidosis was diagnosed at the age of 5 months. In
      addition to ascites due to meconium peritonitis, several other types of foetal
      ascites are discussed.

PMID- 6383941
TI  - [Can fetal kidney dilatation be physiologic?].
AB  - Sonography was used to detect and to measure the foetal calyceal system in more
      than 100 cases of pregnancies ranging from the 25th week to term. In 13.6% of the
      investigated cases physiological dilatations can be demonstrated. There is no
      connection with the volume of the foetal bladder or with the extension of the
      maternal calyceal system. The observed dilatations disappear spontaneously post
      partum. References to pathological dilatation of the foetal calyceal system are
      discussed.

PMID- 6383942
TI  - [Fetal intracranial invasive cysts. Diagnosis, procedure and therapy using the
      example of a case report (arachnoid cyst)].
AB  - Changes of diagnosing foetal malformations via sonography are greatest with
      regard to the skull. Anencephalus or hydrocephalus are most frequent, whereas
      cysts are comparatively rare. In the case under report a large intracranial cyst
      was diagnosed during the 33rd week of pregnancy. After moderate size increase
      spontaneous birth of a normal boy occurred during the 38th week. Prenatal
      findings were confirmed post partum via diaphanoscopy, sonography,
      ventriculography and computed tomography. The definite diagnosis of the suspected
      arachnoidal cyst, however, could be established only at the age of 8 months on
      the occasion of craniotomy with fenestration of the cyst. The problems connected
      with prepartal and postpartal diagnosis of foetal intracranial cystic space
      occupying growths and their management are shown on the basis of the case report
      and the references. Prenatally it is recommended to proceed along conservative
      and cautious lines. A warning is issued against exaggerated enthusiasm in trying
      to manage foetal malformations by means of interventions monitored by ultrasound.

PMID- 6383943
TI  - [Intraperitoneal adhesion formation and tissue reaction following the use of
      microsurgical suture material].
AB  - In 60 female rats we investigated intraperitoneal adhesion and tissue reaction of
      Vicryl, PDS, Ethilon und Prolene depending on the thickness of the thread (6-0
      versus 9-0) and the length of the ends of the threads cut off in the region of
      the knot. The results did not show any significant difference in respect of
      degree of adhesion and tissue reaction, for the four suturing materials tested in
      this study. It was also not possible to detect any definite influence of the
      thread strength (6-0 versus 9-0) on the adhesion and tissue reaction. Only in the
      case of Ethilon the intraperitoneal adhesion was significantly lower if the
      thread strength was 9-0, compared against 6-0 (p less than 0.02). With all the
      other types of thread, adhesion was found to be independent of the strength of
      the thread. However, the length of the ends of the thread in the region of the
      knot exercises a great influence on the degree of adhesion. If the ends of the
      threads have a length of 0.3 cm, adhesion is statistically significantly greater
      than if the ends have been cut short (p less than 0.001). Results from these
      animal experiments indicate that the choice of microsurgical suturing material
      does not depend on the type of thread, as far as intraperitoneal adhesion and
      inflammatory tissue reaction are concerned, whereas the thread strength (6-0 or 9
      0) has a slight influence only. For preventing adhesion, it is important to cut
      off the ends of the threads as short as possible after knotting, i.e. as short as
      safety of the knot would permit.

PMID- 6383944
TI  - [Rectal sonography--an expansion of the diagnosis of recurrent cervical
      neoplasms].
AB  - Rectal sonography--especially with the use of modern rotating scanners--provides
      major progress in the diagnosis of recurrent malignant tumours in the lower
      pelvis. Due to the high resolution and the possibility of exact localisation this
      method is less biassed, and hence rectal scanning can be used as a routine method
      in future in cases suspected of recurrences located at the pelvic wall.
      Sonography in general and its advantages are discussed in comparison to other
      techniques for the diagnosis of recurring cervical malignancies.

PMID- 6383945
TI  - [Direct sonographic detection of tubal pregnancy following a fertilization
      operation].
AB  - In a case of fallopian pregnancy after a microsurgical performance for
      fertilisation we obtained the diagnosis by means of ultrasound. We saw the intact
      gestational sac and the embryo directly and point out the importance of early
      sonographical screening of pregnancy after surgical treatment of infertility.
      Diagnosis and differential diagnosis by ultrasound are discussed.

PMID- 6383946
TI  - [Prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of a cystic ovarian tumor].
AB  - Clinically important ovarial cysts are extremely rare in the female foetus and
      newborn. About 70 cases only have been published so far. There are only four
      reports on antepartally diagnosed ovarial tumours. The article reports on the
      prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of a foetal ovarial tumour in the 34th week
      of pregnancy. Diagnosis "on suspicion" was substantiated by the identification of
      an intact and properly functioning foetal urogenital system and no abnormal
      findings in the intestinal organs, as well as by the identification of the sex of
      the foetus. Differential diagnosis in all cases of cystic foetal space-occupying
      tumours should consider, in the first place, malformations of the urogenital
      system, cysts of the liver, pancreas and mesenterium, as well as disturbances of
      function or malformations of the foetal digestive tract.

PMID- 6383947
TI  - [Prenatal diagnosis of thanatophoric dwarfism with a cloverleaf skull-
      ultrasonographic findings, humane genetic aspects].
AB  - The ultrasonographic criteria for the prenatal diagnosis of thanatophore dwarfism
      with clover leaf skull are described. Facultative morbid anatomical peculiarities
      are described. Because of the prenatal findings the pregnancy was terminated by
      Caesarean Section at 30 weeks gestation in our case. Following the death of the
      infant the diagnosis was confirmed by radiological investigations and by autopsy.
      The ultrasonographic differential diagnosis from other types of dwarfism is
      discussed. The human genetic aspects are discussed with emphasis on the
      counselling regarding further pregnancies.

PMID- 6383948
TI  - [Prenatal diagnosis of a coccygeal teratoma--consequences for continued
      pregnancy].
AB  - The complex problem of a coccygeal teratoma diagnosed prenatally is described,
      using a case report as basis. The possibility of a coccygeal teratoma should
      always be considered in solid and/or cystic processes in the caudal range of the
      foetus when performing differential diagnosis in which possible disturbances of
      neural tube occlusion and rare neurogenic tumours should be included. After
      having confirmed the diagnosis of a coccygeal teratoma via supplementary
      examinations and after having excluded other concomitant foetal malformations,
      the physician should communicate with the parents while considering the duration
      of pregnancy and the extent of the tumour. Whether abortion should be performed
      or whether the pregnancy should continue, is a decision which can only be arrived
      at, first of all, after full clarification of the expected malformation and,
      secondly, after ensuring closest possible interdisciplinary cooperation between
      obstetrician, neonatologist, paediatric surgeon and genetic engineer; as a matter
      of fact, such cooperation is absolutely imperative. In case of small coccygeal
      teratomas, it will be necessary to plan the time and mode of delivery as early as
      possible and to make sure that the newborn receives immediate surgical attention
      post partum by the paediatric surgeon.

PMID- 6383949
TI  - [Disorder of hypophyseal somatotropin function in acute leukemia in children].

PMID- 6383950
TI  - [Factors associated with bone marrow allograft survival].

PMID- 6383951
TI  - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH) in striped mullet (Mugil cephalus),
      milkfish (Chanos chanos), and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri): comparison with
      salmon Gn-RH.
AB  - Immunoreactive gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH) was extracted from brains
      of striped mullet, milkfish, rainbow trout, and chum salmon with acetone/HCl and
      petroleum ether. High pressure liquid chromatography and cross-reactivity studies
      show mullet, milkfish, and trout brains to contain a peptide chromatographically
      and immunologically identical to synthetic salmon Gn-RH, while the mammalian form
      of Gn-RH is detectable in none of these fishes. Gn-RH is present in immature 7
      month-old and 4-year-old milkfish. A second immunoreactive peptide is separable
      by HPLC in all the fish studied. This "early-eluting" form of Gn-RH is unlikely
      to be a precursor; its cross-reactivity with antisera R-42 and #185 suggests that
      any modification is in the C-terminal region. Several possible roles for this
      peptide are advanced.

PMID- 6383952
TI  - The hyperglycemic neuropeptide of the terrestrial isopod, Porcellio dilatatus.
      II. Immunocytochemical demonstration in neurosecretory structures of the nervous
      system.
AB  - By use of an rabbit antiserum raised against the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone
      (CHH) of the shore crab, Carcinus maenas, CHH-producing perikarya were detected
      in the brain of the isopod, Porcellio dilatatus, by the double-antibody
      immunofluorescence technique. The course of the secretory axons to the neurohemal
      organ, the sinus gland, could be traced. The sinus gland also exhibited strong
      fluorescence. The reaction was very specific, no other structures gave
      appreciable immunofluorescence. There are two CHH cells in each hemisphere of the
      brain, located in the medio-rostral part of the protocerebrum. This area appears
      to correspond to the medulla terminalis of decapods. The cells are aldehyde
      fuchsin-positive and have been previously described as beta 1 cells. The
      immunofluorescence could be inhibited by preabsorption of the antiserum with pure
      Carcinus-CHH.

PMID- 6383954
TI  - Development of medico-geographical ideas in the epoch of the developed socialism
      and scientific and technological progress.

PMID- 6383953
TI  - Temperature-sensitive lethal mutations on yeast chromosome I appear to define
      only a small number of genes.
AB  - A method was developed for isolating large numbers of mutations on chromosome I
      of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A strain monosomic for chromosome I (i.e.,
      haploid for chromosome I and diploid for all other chromosomes) was mutagenized
      with either ethyl methanesulfonate or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and
      screened for temperature-sensitive (Ts-) mutants capable of growth on rich,
      glucose-containing medium at 25 degrees but not at 37 degrees. Recessive
      mutations induced on chromosome I are expressed whereas those on the diploid
      chromosomes are usually not expressed because of the presence of wild-type
      alleles on the homologous chromosomes. Dominant ts mutations on all chromosomes
      should also be expressed, but these appeared rarely.--Of the 41 ts mutations
      analyzed, 32 mapped on chromosome I. These 32 mutations fell into only three
      complementation groups, which proved to be the previously described genes CDC15,
      CDC24 and PYK1 (or CDC19). We recovered 16 or 17 independent mutations in CDC15,
      12 independent mutations in CDC24 and three independent mutations in PYK1. A
      fourth gene on chromosome I, MAK16, is known to be capable of giving rise to a ts
      lethal allele, but we recovered no mutations in this gene. The remaining nine
      mutations isolated using the monosomic strain appeared not to map on chromosome I
      and were apparently expressed in the original mutants because they had become
      homozygous or hemizygous by mitotic recombination or chromosome loss.--The
      available information about the size of chromosome I suggests that it should
      contain approximately 60-100 genes. However, our isolation in the monosomic
      strain of multiple, independent alleles of just three genes suggests that only a
      small proportion of the genes on chromosome I is easily mutable to give a Ts-
      lethal phenotype.--During these studies, we located CDC24 on chromosome I and
      determined that it is centromere distal to PYK1 on the left arm of the
      chromosome.

PMID- 6383955
TI  - Optimum insulin use in older diabetics.
AB  - Insulin treatment of the elderly diabetic patient differs little from that
      advocated for the younger adult population, although in general the standards for
      blood glucose control are raised in the elderly by 10 mg/dl per decade, starting
      at age 60. These higher standards are recommended primarily to minimize the risk
      of hypoglycemia. Within these limits, control of diabetes will retain the older
      patient's vigor, alertness, and health. Insulin therapy can also be flexible to
      suit the requirements of individual patients. For those with residual endogenous
      insulin secretory capacity, a single dose of modified insulin may suffice. For
      those with greater insulin needs, split-dose schedules supplemented with regular
      insulin can be instituted, depending on the severity of the deficiency. Most
      important, the program for the aging diabetic should be simple and practical, and
      family members or community health personnel can be enlisted to assist in
      diabetic care and monitoring.

PMID- 6383956
TI  - Homozygosity of HLA-B27 antigen in the recipient and susceptibility to the
      corneal allograft reaction.
AB  - Our series consists of six penetrating grafts to recipients who were carriers of
      homozygous HLA-B27 antigen. The donor cornea had only a single or, in one case,
      no HLA-B27 antigen and thus all presented with at least one incompatible HLA-B
      antigen to the recipient. Five of six grafts failed, four due to an allograft
      reaction; in one case corneal oedema of unknown aetiology developed 10 months
      postoperatively. These results give further support to the hypothesis that the
      recipients bearing HLA-B27 antigen form an 'at risk' group.

PMID- 6383958
TI  - [Hygienic standardization of the biological action of non-ionizing radiation
      according to an immunologic criterion of hazardousness].

PMID- 6383957
TI  - Studies on a distinct fraction of bovine vitreous body collagen.
AB  - We were able to separate pepsin-solubilized collagen of the bovine vitreous body
      into three distinct fractions by differential salt precipitation with 0.5 M
      acetic acid containing 0.7 M, 1.2 M, and 2.0 M NaCl, respectively. The 0.7 M NaCl
      fraction showed an electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gel identical to
      that of type II collagen, CNBr-derived peptides very similar to type II collagen
      CNBr-peptides, and a reaggregation behaviour closely related to type II collagen
      as observed by electron microscopy. Therefore, the fibres of the bovine vitreous
      body appear to contain a mixture of a collagen very similar to type II collagen
      precipitable in the presence of 0.7 M NaCl, at least two different collagen types
      that can be precipitated at 1.2 M, and 2.0 M NaCl concentrations that have not
      been identified previously.

PMID- 6383959
TI  - The prophecy of Senescence: G. Stanley Hall and the reconstruction of old age in
      America.

PMID- 6383960
TI  - Sexuality and romance in advice books for the elderly.

PMID- 6383961
TI  - Gerontological research in Sweden.

PMID- 6383962
TI  - Debits and credits: a current account of cholesterol gall stone disease.

PMID- 6383963
TI  - Critical assessment of antibacterial properties of human amniotic fluid.
AB  - A low molecular weight fraction of human amniotic fluid was found to be rapidly
      bactericidal for Escherichia coli ATCC 33908. Incubation in an atmosphere of CO2
      but not N2 diminished the antibacterial effect suggesting that loss of CO2 and
      change in pH may be partly responsible for the observed antibacterial activity of
      the low molecular weight fraction of amniotic fluid. Incubation in pH 8.5 buffers
      did not duplicate the rapid killing of bacteria observed in the low molecular
      weight fraction of amniotic fluid, suggesting that elevated pH and an
      antibacterial factor from amniotic fluid act synergistically. The pH change in
      amniotic fluid which occurs in room atmosphere may account for some of the
      antibacterial effect which has been reported for amniotic fluid incubated
      aerobically.

PMID- 6383964
TI  - New trends in blood component therapy.

PMID- 6383965
TI  - [The role of non-enzymatic products of prostaglandin and prostacyclin synthesis
      in the initiation of pre-eclamptic toxemia].

PMID- 6383966
TI  - [Chymopapaine and the treatment of lumbar disc disease].

PMID- 6383967
TI  - [The interaction of prostacyclin and thromboxane in the uterus].

PMID- 6383968
TI  - [Generalized granuloma annulare].

PMID- 6383970
TI  - [Innominate artery compression of the trachea].

PMID- 6383969
TI  - [Chromium in hair and carbohydrate metabolism in geriatric patients].

PMID- 6383971
TI  - [A new approach to the treatment with gonadotropin releasing hormones].

PMID- 6383973
TI  - Alzheimer's disease and related disorders: assessment and intervention.
AB  - Increasing numbers of Americans are confronting the prospect of Alzheimer's
      disease or similar dementing disorders within their families. This useful guide
      presents an overview of these disorders for social workers, describes effective
      assessment techniques, and discusses methods of intervention successful in
      providing support to both patients and those who care for them.

PMID- 6383974
TI  - Medicare or 'medigap'? Dilemma for the elderly.
AB  - Many elderly people on Medicare turn to supplementary insurance to close the gaps
      in their health care coverage, only to find the bureaucratic demands of the
      Medicare system and insurance suppliers overwhelming. This report documents how
      older people often fail to obtain payments to which they are entitled and
      discusses the problems in paying for health care that volunteer counselors
      discovered among the elderly of northern California.

PMID- 6383972
TI  - Community-based care of the mentally ill: a research review.
AB  - A review designed to assess the state of the art of social work research in
      mental health discovered that a number of important studies have built knowledge
      cumulatively on community-based care of the chronically mentally ill. This
      article highlights the major findings of the studies, as well as their
      methodological strengths and weaknesses.

PMID- 6383976
TI  - Prof. Sedlacek's jubilee.

PMID- 6383977
TI  - How to select a satisfying typing program for paternity testing.
AB  - The efficiency of a typing program for paternity testing concerns three specific
      aspects: first, what is the percentage of non-fathers that cannot be excluded
      from paternity; second, what is the percentage of true fathers that cannot be
      recognized as probable fathers, and third, what is the percentage of non-fathers
      that will be assigned as probable fathers. When extensive materials for
      observation with any specific typing program are not directly available, only the
      chance of non-exclusion of non-fathers can be calculated in a relatively simple
      way. The aim of the present study was to find a relationship between this and the
      other two criteria. It was found that the variance of the distribution of natural
      logarithms of paternity index values is approximated rather well by the formula
      var. ln I = 0.65 X (n(ln 1/ne)2) (n = the number of genetic systems of the typing
      program and ne = the chance of non-exclusion of non-fathers). This allows the
      estimation of the two other critical percentages: the percentage of true fathers
      that cannot be assigned, and the percentage of non-fathers that will be assigned
      as probably true fathers.

PMID- 6383975
TI  - Denatured proteins are degraded more rapidly than abnormal proteins in cell-free
      extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Abnormal proteins synthesized in the presence of ethionine were degraded more
      rapidly than the normal ones in cell-free extracts of ethanol-grown yeast. The
      denatured proteins, however, were degraded in preference to their native
      counterparts which were either normal or abnormal.

PMID- 6383978
TI  - [Importance of the corrosion factor in bracket adhesive technics].

PMID- 6383979
TI  - [Keratoplasty following perforating injuries].

PMID- 6383980
TI  - [Surgery in traumatic perforating corneal changes].

PMID- 6383981
TI  - [Personal operative method in pterygium corneae].

PMID- 6383982
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the iris following iatrogenic injuries].

PMID- 6383983
TI  - [Keratoplasty following pseudophakia].

PMID- 6383984
TI  - [Prognostic value of ERG, ultrasound and VEP in vitreous body hemorrhage].

PMID- 6383985
TI  - Endothelial wound healing in organ-cultured pig corneae after mechanical trauma.

PMID- 6383987
TI  - [Oculocerebral reticulum cell sarcoma].

PMID- 6383986
TI  - [Statistical analysis of conservative cataract therapy based on a controlled
      clinical study of the effectiveness of Phakan/Phakolen].

PMID- 6383988
TI  - [Differential diagnostic significance of Tenon's space].

PMID- 6383989
TI  - [Therapy of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Indications for the pulsatile
      administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone].

PMID- 6383990
TI  - [Calcium blockers in the therapy of vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Results of
      animal experiments and clinical studies].
AB  - Vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) is a clinical syndrome which includes
      different transient brain stem symptoms. In addition to anamnesis and clinical
      study electronystagmography (ENG) is regarded as the most important method for
      testing the labyrinthine and brain stem system. Typical findings, not only in
      patients with VBI, but also in animal experiments (occlusion of one vertebral
      artery) are an increase in nystagmus frequency and decrease in nystagmus
      amplitude. The present study concerns two calcium antagonists: flunarizine and
      nimodipine. During tests on patients the caloric and the rotatory nystagmus and
      during animal experiments the rotatory nystagmus was investigated. Patient tests
      as well as animal experiments showed, that flunarizine and nimodipine have a
      depressant influence on the pathologically increased nystagmus frequency. With
      both substances there was also a trend to normalization of nystagmus amplitude as
      well as an improvement of clinical symptoms.

PMID- 6383992
TI  - [The computer and psychiatry. Current possibilities for its use in documentation,
      diagnosis, therapy and continuing education].

PMID- 6383991
TI  - [Treatment of intestinal atony following gynecologic operations. Study on the
      effectiveness and tolerance of ceruletide].
AB  - The efficacy and tolerability of Ceruletide and Neostigmin were compared in
      patients with postoperative intestinal atonia after extensive gynecological
      surgical operations. Patients treated with Ceruletide (n = 30, dosage of
      Ceruletide 2 ng/kg/min. i.v.) showed earlier defecation than the Neostigmin-group
      (n = 30, dosage of neostigmin 3 x 0,5 mg/die). The frequency of side effects was
      comparable in both groups, patients treated with Ceruletide suffered mainly from
      gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea) whereas patients treated with Neostigmin
      complained of disorders of circulation. Ceruletide is faster effective than
      Neostigmin, the tolerability of both drugs is equivalent.

PMID- 6383993
TI  - [Progress in oral contraception. Advantages of a levonorgestrel-containing 3
      stage preparation over low-dose levonorgestrel and desogestrel containing
      monophasic combination preparations].
AB  - The three-phase preparation, which contains levonorgestrel, has a number of
      advantages compared to the traditional monophase combination preparations. With
      the same contraceptive reliability its cycle stability is very much better than
      the monophase preparations, which are 40% high dosed in the progestin proportion
      (levonorgestrel and desogestrel). The dose relations of the new preparation agree
      with the most recent scientific knowledge on the metabolism aspects of hormonal
      contraceptives. The hormone dosage in the various phases of the menstrual cycle
      is largely adapted to the plasma level course of beta-oestradiol and progesterone
      in the corresponding phases of the normal cycle.

PMID- 6383994
TI  - The clinic at Beech Fork--its 57-year history is a mini-history of FNS.

PMID- 6383995
TI  - Chronic delta hepatitis: a difficult problem for the hepatologist.
AB  - Delta antigen was detected by means of direct immunofluorescence in the liver of
      20 out of 118 chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Delta
      antigen was frequently found in young chronic HBsAg carriers with chronic active
      hepatitis. Positivity for anti-HBe occurred in almost all cases. A peculiar
      aspect of delta infection was a predominance in patients from Southern, rather
      than from Northern or Central Italy. Another interesting finding is the higher
      mean values of GOT and GPT in delta-positive patients compared with those in
      delta-negative patients. The follow-up of some patients confirmed that chronic
      delta hepatitis is a particularly progressive disease.

PMID- 6383996
TI  - Woodchuck hepatitis virus: experimental infection and natural occurrence.
AB  - Sera from 588 woodchucks were assayed for woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) markers
      using hepatitis B virus (HBV) reagents which have cross-reactivity with WHV
      markers. Twenty per cent of these woodchucks, trapped in Delaware, Maryland and
      Pennsylvania, had WHsAg; 50% of these had DNA polymerase. There are areas of high
      and low endemicity within these states. Female woodchucks may have a higher
      incidence of WHV markers than do males. Woodchuck hepatitis surface antigen
      (WHsAg) and anti-WHc often occur together but less commonly than HBsAg and anti
      HBc do in human HBV infection. Experimental infection of woodchucks with WHV
      produced a prolonged infection (up to 40 weeks). WHsAg and DNA polymerase
      appeared to be more reliable indicators of infectivity than anti-WHc, woodchuck
      hepatitis e antigen (WHeAg) or anti-WHe. WHeAg was not detected throughout this
      period of infection, while anti-WHe appeared late in two of three experimentally
      infected animals. Four male and four female woodchucks which developed primary
      hepatocellular carcinoma in captivity were analyzed for WHV markers throughout
      their period of confinement. Seven were WHsAg and anti-WHc positive when
      captured. The animal that was free of WHV markers on capture converted to the
      WHsAg and anti-WHc positive state prior to the development of primary
      hepatocellular carcinoma. One primary hepatocellular carcinoma animal produced
      WHeAg and none anti-WHs or anti-WHe.

PMID- 6383997
TI  - The effect of chronic ethanol ingestion on ethanol metabolizing enzymes in
      isolated periportal and perivenous rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Periportal (pp) and perivenous (pv) hepatocyte populations were separated using a
      two-directional closed perfusion technique with selective addition of collagenase
      either to direct or retrograde perfusions (Vaananen, H. et al., Liver 1983;
      3:131). The activity of GPT in hepatocytes from the pp-area was 1.9 times higher
      than in cells from the pv-area (p less than 0.01). The distribution of glutamate
      dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase activities was reversed; pp/pv ratios of 0.7
      and 0.5, respectively, were observed (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.05).
      Chronic ethanol consumption for 12 weeks (mean daily ethanol intake 11.4 gm per
      body weight corresponding to 29% of total energy intake) did not cause
      histological changes but decreased GPT activity, increased glutamate
      dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase activities and did not alter their pp/pv
      distribution. Alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities were
      evenly distributed in pp- and pv-hepatocytes. Chronic ethanol treatment slightly
      decreased alcohol dehydrogenase activity (p less than 0.05) and increased the
      activity of low Km aldehyde dehydrogenase (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.05).
      The specific activity of NADPH-dependent microsomal ethanol oxidation was 50%
      higher in pv-hepatocytes (p less than 0.05). Chronic ethanol treatment did not
      increase the specific activity of microsomal ethanol oxidation but reduced the pp
      pv activity difference. The results indicate that the enzymatic capacity to
      oxidize ethanol is evenly distributed in the acinus and that, after long-term
      moderate ethanol treatment, despite lack of parenchymal lesions, changes in the
      activity of enzymes involved in ethanol metabolism are observed.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6383998
TI  - Controlled trial of vasopressin and balloon tamponade in bleeding esophageal
      varices.
AB  - In a randomized controlled trial, the effect of continuous intravenous
      administration of vasopressin was compared with Sengstaken-Blakemore balloon
      tamponade in 37 episodes of bleeding esophageal varices in patients with
      cirrhosis. The majority were Group A and B of Child's classification. Bleeding
      was controlled in 11 of 17 (65%) patients on vasopressin and in 14 of 20 (70%)
      patients on tamponade. The patients who failed to respond initially (6 episodes
      on vasopressin and 5 on tamponade) were treated successfully with the alternative
      method. Overall mortality was similar in both groups: 3 patients in the
      vasopressin group and 4 in the tamponade group died. Only one patient died of
      uncontrolled bleeding; 4 patients probably died of complications of treatment, 2
      of cardiac ischemia after vasopressin and 2 of pulmonary infection after
      tamponade. The vasopressin group required significantly fewer blood transfusions
      than did the tamponade group.

PMID- 6383999
TI  - Rat liver regeneration after 90% partial hepatectomy.
AB  - In previous studies, 90% partial hepatectomy in the rat was invariably
      accompanied by 100% mortality within 40 hr. This paper describes a technique by
      which 90% of the liver mass can be removed with only 14% mortality, provided that
      rats have free access to glucose-containing drinking water. Measurements of total
      liver DNA, [3H]thymidine labeling index and mitotic index suggest rapid cell
      proliferation, commensurate with a powerful regenerative stimulus. In the
      presence of normoglycemia, peripheral insulin and glucagon concentrations were
      elevated to levels normally observed in the portal vein.

PMID- 6384000
TI  - Does Z-protein have a role in transport of bilirubin and bromosulfophthalein by
      isolated perfused rat liver?
AB  - Bilirubin and other organic anions are transported in serum avidly bound to
      albumin from which they are extracted and transferred into the hepatocyte where
      they bind to cytosolic proteins. Two abundant organic anion binding proteins,
      ligandin and Z-protein, were previously purified from liver cytosol and
      characterized. Other studies in isolated perfused rat liver revealed that
      selectively increased cytosolic ligandin concentration, following phenobarbital
      treatment or thyroidectomy, directly correlated with net bilirubin uptake which
      resulted from reduced bilirubin efflux. To clarify the role of Z-protein in
      hepatic organic anion transport, we have now determined the kinetics of bilirubin
      and bromosulfophthalein (BSP) uptake in isolated perfused liver of normal rats
      and compared results to rats in which Z-protein, but not ligandin, was
      selectively increased following treatment with clofibrate (ethylchlorophenoxy
      isobutyrate). These studies revealed that despite a 147% induction of Z-protein
      in treated animals, there was no effect on influx or efflux of tracer doses of
      bilirubin or BSP. Addition of albumin to the protein-free 10% fluorocarbon
      perfusate reduced influx of 3H-bilirubin (p less than 0.03) and tended to reduce
      influx of BSP. In this situation, there was still no influence of Z-protein
      concentration on efflux. These studies indicate that Z-protein does not appear to
      play a role in the hepatic uptake of bilirubin and BSP.

PMID- 6384001
TI  - Formation and metabolism of bile alcohols in man.

PMID- 6384002
TI  - Anatomy, visualization and sampling of the biliary tree in animals and man.
AB  - Difficulties in obtaining proper bile samples are due to inaccessibility of the
      biliary tree and to distortions induced by sampling methods. One must be
      cognizant of the effects of diet on bile secretion and gallbladder motility.
      Experimental methods which interrupt the enterohepatic circulation or alter the
      intestinal migrating myoelectric complex induce spurious changes in bile flow and
      composition. Biliary tract pressure-flow relationships must be maintained or the
      gallbladder will be made functionless. Dead space errors lead to distortions
      unless studies are performed in the steady state, or dead space is measured and
      corrections are applied. Surgery has major effects on some parameters of
      interest, and animals should be allowed to recover when these are studied. The
      effect of the mixing of bile with other secretions in the duodenum must be
      considered when using bile-rich duodenal fluid. For some parameters of bile
      secretion, mixing is unimportant but for others, special precautions for handling
      bile and interpreting results are required.

PMID- 6384003
TI  - Medical treatment of cholesterol gallstones by bile desaturating agents.

PMID- 6384004
TI  - Chemistry and enterohepatic circulation of bile acids.
AB  - A brief review is given of the chemistry of bile acids, emphasizing the
      relationship between chemical structure, physical properties and enterohepatic
      cycling of the major primary and secondary bile acids. Features of the
      enterohepatic circulation of primary and secondary bile acids in man are
      summarized. The effects of bile acid feeding on the composition of the
      enterohepatic circulation in man are reviewed. Methods for characterizing the
      enterohepatic circulation of bile acids in man are tabulated.

PMID- 6384005
TI  - Biliary proteins.
AB  - The study of biliary proteins has grown enormously in the last 10 years. Although
      much has been recently learned about the nature, origin and hepatobiliary
      transport of these proteins, little is known of their function in bile or their
      effect on its physical state. This review will focus on description of the
      proteins and mechanisms by which they are secreted into bile.

PMID- 6384006
TI  - Size of bile salt micelles: techniques, problems and results.
AB  - The current state of the knowledge of the size and the aggregation numbers of
      micelles formed in solutions of bile salts was evaluated. The experimental
      techniques considered include static light scattering, sedimentation equilibrium,
      membrane osmometry, sedimentation velocity and translational diffusion. The
      theoretical background of each method is briefly discussed, the working equations
      are summarized, and the limitations of each technique are enumerated. Various
      interaction parameters and their effects on the measured micellar size are
      discussed. A brief survey of the recent experimental results from the author's
      laboratory is presented.

PMID- 6384007
TI  - In situ immunologic characterization of follicular lymphomas.
AB  - Surface markers were studied in a series of follicular lymphomas with
      immunofluorescence on frozen sections (39 cases) and on cell suspensions (21
      cases), and with immunoperoxidase on frozen sections using a panel of 15
      monoclonal antibodies (17 cases). With immunofluorescence on frozen sections,
      22/39 cases showed monotypic sIg (IgMK: 14 cases, IgML: 7 cases, M: 1 case). In
      the remaining 17 cases the neoplastic follicles were negative. Nevertheless, even
      if sIg is not detected, the absence of an extracellular immunoglobulin network is
      indicative of the neoplastic, and not of the reactive nature of lymphoid
      follicles. The results obtained with immunofluorescence on frozen sections and on
      cell suspensions were identical in about half of the cases. In 9/21 cases
      monotypic sIg were detected by only one of these two methods. All the 17 cases
      studied with immunoperoxidase on frozen sections using monoclonal antibodies
      demonstrated monotypic sIg. On low magnification 6/17 sIg+ exhibited a nodular
      staining pattern while 7/17 cases this staining was diffuse. In 4/17 cases the
      staining pattern for heavy and light chains was different. A thin mantle zone,
      with sIgM plus sIgD cells, was observed in only 4 cases. Anti-HLA-DR and Leu-10
      were positive in all cases. T cells positive for OKT3 were mainly distributed in
      the interfollicular areas; OKT4+ cells outnumbered OKT8+ cells. Within the
      neoplastic follicles, T cells stained mainly for OKT4 and OKT8+ cells were
      scarce. Leu-7+ cells predominated within the neoplastic nodules in 5 cases. With
      the anti-dendritic reticulum cell monoclonal antibody, all 17 cases showed a
      network, usually more loosely arranged than in reactive follicles. In 4 cases, of
      follicular and diffuse lymphoma, this network was extremely dissociated and in
      some areas these cells were scanty or lacking. We concluded that immunoperoxidase
      on frozen sections, using monoclonal antibodies, appears to be the most reliable
      method for the immunological phenotyping of follicular lymphomas.

PMID- 6384008
TI  - Clinical and prognostic relevance of the Kiel classification of non-Hodgkin
      lymphomas results of a prospective multicenter study by the Kiel Lymphoma Study
      Group.
AB  - Clinical and prognostic relevance of the Kiel classification of non-Hodgkin
      lymphomas (NHL) was investigated in 1127 patients entering a prospective
      multicenter observation study. Survival of the 782 (69.4 per cent) patients with
      low-grade malignant NHL (lymphocytic lymphomas, predominantly B-CLL, LP
      immunocytoma, centrocytic lymphoma, centroblastic-centrocytic lymphoma) exceeded
      that of the 341 patients (30.2 per cent) with high-grade malignant NHL
      (centroblastic, immunoblastic, lymphoblastic lymphomas). Prognosis was best in
      centroblastic-centrocytic lymphoma and in B-CLL and least favorable in
      immunoblastic and lymphoblastic lymphomas. Survival of LP immunocytoma and
      centrocytic lymphoma patients was intermediate after 2 to 2.5 years of follow-up.
      Corresponding to histopathology, pattern of survival curves of low-grade
      malignant NHL (slow decline, no plateauing) differed from that of high-grade
      malignant NHL (rapid decline, subsequent plateauing). Prognosis of B-CLL was
      superior to that of LP immunocytoma. Stages I and II were more frequent in
      centroblastic-centrocytic lymphoma (21 per cent) than in LP immunocytoma (2.5 per
      cent) and centrocytic lymphoma (11 per cent). Ability of radiotherapy to induce
      stable complete remissions in stage III of centroblastic-centrocytic lymphoma
      indicates prolonged restriction of lymphoma to the lymphatic system. In
      immunoblastic and centroblastic lymphomas, stages I and II were diagnosed in 34
      and 38 per cent of cases, respectively, but only in stage I/IE of centroblastic
      lymphoma prolonged remissions were achieved by radiotherapy. In advanced high
      grade malignant NHL marked improvement of prognosis was solely possible by
      induction of complete remissions whereas in corresponding low-grade malignant
      lymphomas also partial remissions were prognostically relevant.

PMID- 6384010
TI  - The light-harvesting polypeptides of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides R-26.1. II.
      Conformational analyses by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy and
      the possible molecular structure of the hydrophobic domain of the B 850 complex.
AB  - Attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy were used to study the
      conformation of the purified light-harvesting polypeptides from Rhodopseudomonas
      sphaeroides R-26.1. B 870-alpha and B 850-beta are characterised by a high
      content of alpha-helix; B 850-alpha and B 870-beta, in contrast, contain
      extensive antiparallel chain-pleated sheet structure. The beta-structure is
      likely to be an artifact of the isolation because B 850-alpha assumes a
      predominantly alpha-helical conformation in the intact antenna complex. It is
      concluded that lipid-protein interactions play a crucial role in the
      stabilisation of the "native" alpha-helical fold of B 850-alpha and thus in the
      stabilisation of the entire antenna-pigment-protein complex. The results obtained
      concerning the "in situ" conformation of B 850-alpha and B 850-beta were used,
      together with the known primary structures and data available from the
      literature, to construct a rough molecular model of the hydrophobic domain of the
      elementary unit of the B 850 complex.

PMID- 6384009
TI  - The light-harvesting polypeptides of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides R-26.1. I.
      Isolation, purification and sequence analyses.
AB  - Four low-molecular-mass polypeptides were isolated and purified from
      chromatophore membranes of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides blue-green mutant R-26.1
      by a combination of gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography in organic
      solvents. On dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels, the purified polypeptides
      comigrate with bands LH-1, LH-2 and LH-3 known to be related to the antenna
      pigment-protein complexes. The complete primary structures were elucidated by
      automated Edman degradation of the intact polypeptides and of overlapping C
      terminal fragments obtained after chemical cleavage at tryptophan and methionine
      residues. The C-termini were verified by hydrazinolysis and, in one case where an
      overlapping C-terminal fragment could not be obtained, by digestion with
      carboxypeptidase A. The four polypeptides show a tripartite structure: i.e. a
      polar N-terminal region is separated from a polar C-terminal region by a segment
      of about 21 predominantly hydrophobic amino-acid residues. All hydrophobic
      segments contain a characteristic conservative histidine residue. The C-terminal
      region is reduced to only a few amino acids in the two polypeptides which
      together form band LH-3, i.e. LH-3A and LH-3B. Their extended N-terminal region
      is rich in charged residues and contains an additional conserved histidine
      residue close to the beginning of the hydrophobic segment. These properties place
      LH-3A and LH-3B into subgroup (beta-polypeptides: B 870-beta and B 850-beta,
      respectively). LH-1 and LH-2 appear to form another subgroup (alpha-polypeptides:
      B 870-alpha and B 850-alpha, respectively) as suggested during a search for
      conservative elements within their sequences (structural basis for
      classification). N-Terminal analyses carried out with intact antenna-pigment
      protein complexes revealed the following: (i) LH-1 and LH-3 are associated with
      the B 870 complex in Rp. sphaeroides 24.1 (wild type), (ii) the same polypeptides
      are almost exclusively present in chromatophore membranes of Rp. sphaeroides R
      26, a blue-green mutant which absorbs at 870 nm, (iii) LH-2 and LH-3B are the
      constituent polypeptides of the B 800-850 complex of Rp. sphaeroides 2.4.1 and of
      the spectrally altered B 850 complex isolated from the blue-green mutant R-26.1
      which absorbs at 860 nm. This mutant contains LH-2 and LH-3B along with LH-1 and
      LH-3A and apparently is able to form both types of antenna complexes.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6384011
TI  - Characterization of fibronectin on human spermatozoa.
AB  - Ejaculated human spermatozoa were shown to have fibronectin polypeptides on their
      surface. Immunofluorescence studies revealed fibronectin as a belt-like
      fluorescent band on the post-acrosomal area of sperm heads, whereas none was
      found in sperm tails. The location of the fluorescent band corresponded to the
      equatorial segment of the spermatozoon. Fibronectin polypeptides were
      heterogeneous with Mr ranging from 35000 to 210000, as revealed by immunoblotting
      and by immunoprecipitation of detergent extracts from surface-radioiodinated
      spermatozoa.

PMID- 6384012
TI  - Demonstration of a new acrosin inhibitor in human seminal plasma.
AB  - We have recently described the purification and characterization of a tumor
      associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI). Studies on its N-terminal sequence suggested
      identity with the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) (Huhtala, M.-L.,
      Pesonen, K., Kalkkinen, N. & Stenman, U.-H. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 13713
      13716). I report here the occurrence of a TATI-like activity in human seminal
      plasma. Concentrations of this inhibitor in seminal plasma varied considerably (4
      500 ng/ml, n = 50). In radioimmunoassay the dose-response curves of the new
      seminal plasma inhibitor and purified TATI were parallel. The similarity between
      these two inhibitors was demonstrated by gel filtration, reverse phase liquid
      chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography. By ion exchange chromatography
      the new inhibitor could be separated from the main seminal plasma trypsin
      inhibitors. Purified TATI was shown to inhibit human acrosin effectively.

PMID- 6384013
TI  - Renal morphological changes in idiopathic acute fatty liver of pregnancy.
AB  - Renal morphological changes are described in four cases of idiopathic acute fatty
      liver of pregnancy. Light microscopy showed mild glomerular hypercellularity
      together with thickening and narrowing of capillary loops. In two cases the
      tubules showed lipid accumulation which included free fatty acids. Electron
      microscopy showed mesangial cell interposition between the basal lamina and
      endothelial cells. Glomeruli contained electron dense material in a
      subendothelial location. Immunoperoxidase stains showed diffuse segmental
      deposits of fibrin/fibrinogen and IgM in relation to glomerular capillary loops.
      IgG and C3 were found in three and two cases respectively. Pathogenetic
      mechanisms including disseminated intravascular coagulation, immune complex
      deposition and alterations in lipid metabolism are discussed. Coexistent
      preeclampsia is considered to be an unlikely explanation for the changes. There
      is a possibility that these renal changes comprise an early feature of idiopathic
      acute fatty liver of pregnancy.

PMID- 6384014
TI  - Histopathology of erythromelalgia in thrombocythaemia.
AB  - Erythromelalgia always appears to be an expression of thrombocythaemia which may
      be provoked by intravascular platelet aggregation, because it is relieved by
      agents interfering with platelet prostaglandin synthesis. Biopsies were taken
      from affected areas 1-3 weeks after discontinuation of aspirin. At that time
      arteriolar changes were present: the endothelial cells were often swollen with
      large nuclei. Narrowing of the lumen occurred by proliferation of smooth muscle
      cells with vacuolisation and swelling of the cytoplasm and deposition of
      intercellular material. The internal elastic lamina appeared to be split between
      the proliferated cells. This gave rise to the appearances of fibromuscular
      intimal arteriolar proliferation which were often occluded by thrombi of
      differing age. Ultimately the arterioles become completely fibrosed. These
      vascular changes are restricted to arterioles, are partly reversible with aspirin
      treatment and seem to be a characteristic of erythromelalgia.

PMID- 6384015
TI  - Acceptance and impact of the computer in clinical decisions.

PMID- 6384016
TI  - Cycles of reform in the care of the chronically mentally ill.
AB  - Three major cycles of reform in public mental health care--the moral treatment,
      mental hygiene, and community mental health movements--are described as a basis
      for assessing current fiscal policies in the mental health field. The authors
      argue that the incipient effort to create community support programs for the
      chronically mentally ill constitutes a fourth distinctive cycle of reform. They
      discuss legislative and administrative threats to the viability of this
      initiative, along with the necessity for developing financing mechanisms
      commensurate with the needs of the chronically mentally ill for long-term care.

PMID- 6384017
TI  - Social factors, mental illness, and psychiatric care: recent advances from a
      sociological perspective.
AB  - The author reviews advances in the sociological perspective on mental health over
      the past four years. He examines research on such topics as community acceptance
      of the mentally ill, arrest rates among former psychiatric inpatients, and the
      effect of social factors on the type of mental health treatment received. Other
      research areas surveyed include the influence of social factors on service
      utilization and on life stress and psychological distress, sex differences in
      psychological problems, and the relationship between organization of service
      delivery systems and patient outcome.

PMID- 6384018
TI  - Medicare prospective pricing compromise.

PMID- 6384019
TI  - Special interests push indigent care solutions.

PMID- 6384020
TI  - Indigent care legislation, 1984.

PMID- 6384021
TI  - A PPS action plan for radiology managers.

PMID- 6384022
TI  - Demonstration of secretory component, IgA, and IgM by the peroxidase
      antiperoxidase technique in inverted papillomas of the nasal cavities.
AB  - Fifteen inverted papillomas were examined by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method
      for their ability to synthesize secretory component (SC) and to take up IgA and
      IgM. In each case, SC and IgA could be localized to the apical cytoplasm of some
      tumor cells. In addition, secretory component, IgA, and IgM were observed as the
      main constituents of hyaline globules lying in the intracytoplasmic lumina of one
      columnar cell variant of inverted papilloma, suggesting an intact transepithelial
      transport mechanism of polymeric immunoglobulins. Goblet cells, found only in the
      transitional cell variant of inverted papilloma, did not react with anti-SC, anti
      IgA, or anti-IgM. Since SC can be utilized as a marker to differentiate columnar
      cells from goblet cells, transitional cell papillomas may originate from
      undifferentiated reserve cells, which retain their capacity to differentiate into
      both columnar cells and goblet cells. In contrast, in columnar cell papillomas
      only differentiated columnar cells are integrated into the neoplastic process.

PMID- 6384023
TI  - Differential diagnosis of undifferentiated malignant tumors with monoclonal
      antibody T29/33.
AB  - An immunoperoxidase method for distinguishing lymphomas from nonlymphoid
      neoplasms with monoclonal antibody T29/33 is described. This antibody recognizes
      a 200,000-dalton pan-hematopoietic glycoprotein antigen. Staining in nearly 200
      hematopoietic tumors was positive for T29/33, although three of six plasmacytomas
      were negative for this antibody. Five undifferentiated tumors that were proved to
      be lymphomas by subsequent electron microscopic and immunohistologic studies were
      positive for T29/33. Conversely, 11 of 12 undifferentiated tumors with
      ultrastructural and clinical features of carcinoma or sarcoma were T29/33
      negative. The only exception was one sarcoma that was T29/33-positive. Thus,
      monoclonal antibody T29/33 is a valuable tool for characterizing neoplasms that
      cannot be diagnosed by histopathologic examination alone.

PMID- 6384024
TI  - Renal biopsy findings in Wegener's granulomatosis: segmental necrotizing
      glomerulonephritis with glomerular thrombosis.
AB  - The clinicopathologic features of 14 patients with documented Wegener's
      granulomatosis (WG), with a detailed analysis of renal biopsy findings, are
      presented. The characteristic renal lesion found in all initial and in three of
      eight follow-up biopsies was segmental necrotizing glomerulonephritis (SNGN). The
      SNGN was generally focal and involved more than 60 per cent of the glomeruli in
      only two specimens. Light microscopic evidence of glomerular thrombosis, with or
      without necrosis, was found in 60 per cent of the biopsies. By immunofluorescence
      fibrin was demonstrated in 54 per cent of the biopsy specimens with "acute" SNGN,
      while 36 per cent of the specimens lacked both IgG and C3. Electron microscopy
      showed fibrin(oid) deposition with variable platelet activation associated with
      mesangionecrosis (two specimens) and peripheral glomerular basement membrane
      fragmentation/dissolution (three specimens). Rare discrete intramembranous (four
      specimens) and mesangial/subendothelial (one specimen) dense deposits were
      identified, but these deposits were associated with necrosis in only two
      biopsies. These findings fail to demonstrate an immune complex pathogenesis for
      the SNGN and suggest that glomerular thrombosis and necrosis are the primary
      findings in WG.

PMID- 6384025
TI  - Design of clinical trials of analgesic drugs.

PMID- 6384026
TI  - Distalgesic; safety and efficacy. Efficacy: UK experience.
AB  - The UK experience of Distalgesic efficacy is examined, and 18 trials have been
      reviewed, of which only five were controlled and only three contained a placebo.
      Three trials are examined in detail and the problems of trial methodology
      discussed. The assessment of analgesic effect in chronic painful conditions
      presents considerable problems. Despite the fact that Distalgesic appears to be a
      useful analgesic in the clinical situation, long-term controlled studies of its
      effectiveness in chronic pain are still awaited.

PMID- 6384027
TI  - Monoclonal anti-islet cell autoantibodies from C57BLKsJ db/db diabetic mice.
AB  - We have developed hybridomas producing anti-islet cell monoclonal autoantibodies
      (IC-MC auto Ab), by fusion of splenocytes from C57BLKsJ db/db diabetic mice with
      the SP2/O-Ag 14 myeloma. These IC-MC auto Ab were screened by an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay, for their binding-ability to RINm5F insulinoma cells. Twenty
      IC-MC auto Ab were produced, which have differing immunoglobulin isotypes. Four
      of them induced a complement-dependent lysis of RINm5F cells in vitro, while the
      others did not. These two populations of auto Ab reflect the duality found in the
      intact db/db mouse. Immunoperoxidase procedures demonstrated that IC-MC auto Ab
      bound specifically to beta cell antigens of control pancreatic sections, in a
      similar pattern as auto Ab spontaneously "trapped" in the islets of db/db mice.
      Electron microscopic studies with an immunogold staining suggested that target
      antigens for IC-MC auto Ab were predominantly located in the cytoplasmic matrix
      of beta cells and, to a lesser extent, on their membranes. These antibodies
      represent powerful reactives for the studies concerning with the pathogeny of
      diabetes.

PMID- 6384028
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to bovine somatotropin: immunoadsorbent reagents for
      mammalian somatotropins.
AB  - Twenty-nine stable hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies to bovine
      somatotropin (bST) have been produced and characterized. Five of the monoclonal
      antibodies bind porcine and human somatotropins as well as bST. One of these
      antibodies was used as a reagent in immunoadsorbent chromatography of recombinant
      bST or pituitary bST from cell extracts. Following chromatography, the bST
      preparations retained activity in a rabbit liver radioreceptor assay and in a
      radioimmunoassay. The immunoadsorbent reagent bound human and porcine
      somatotropins as well as bovine.

PMID- 6384029
TI  - A comparison of three reverse haemolytic plaque assays.
AB  - One fluid phase and two solid phase reverse haemolytic plaque (RHP) assays were
      used to quantitate plaque forming cells (PFC) in pokeweed mitogen (PWM)
      stimulated and unstimulated cultures of mononuclear cells (MNC) from 18 normal
      donors. There was a close correlation between the results of the three assays and
      between each one and the number of cells containing cytoplasmic Ig (cIg). All
      three correctly identified donors with a low PWM response. The fluid phase assay
      was the most sensitive with PFC values in PWM stimulated cultures two to four
      times higher than with the solid phase assays.

PMID- 6384030
TI  - Optimal conditions for the preparation of ferritin-labeled antibodies defined by
      binding to their antigen in an ELISA.
AB  - An ELISA with covalently fixed antigens was used to measure and define ferritin
      labeled antibodies. In the presented model, RIG covalently fixed to glass tubes
      served as antigen. Twenty ferritin-labeled SWaRIG conjugates were prepared with
      different molar ratios of antibody: ferritin: glutaraldehyde. At various
      dilutions, their ability to react with the antigen was compared. The amount of
      FRT in the reactive conjugates was measured using alkaline phosphatase-labeled
      antibodies against ferritin. The covalent binding of antigens to glass surfaces
      resulted in a low unspecific binding as shown previously. Besides, these glass
      tubes with antigens immobilized on their inner surface could be used more than
      once. This aspect of it renders this test particularly suitable for systems where
      rare or expensive antigens are used. The range of O.D. values reflecting the
      amount of reactive SWaRIG/FRT detected in 20 different conjugates (dil 1:1000)
      was spread over a good range which allowed a specification of optimal conditions
      for FRT labeling of antibodies. It is concluded that in addition to an electron
      microscopic evaluation of the conjugates, this assay may be very helpful in
      defining optimal conditions for the coupling procedure.

PMID- 6384031
TI  - A radio (111In) capillary tube leukocyte adherence inhibition assay for the
      detection of specific tumor-associated immunity.
AB  - The specific tumor-associated immune response of C3H/HeJ mice was determined at
      various times after subcutaneous injection with a transplantable mammary
      adenocarcinoma (H2712) using a radio (111In) leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI)
      assay carried out in capillary tubes. Solubilized tumor-associated antigen
      prepared by a single phase 1-butanol extraction of the specific tumor and other
      transplantable tumors of different histological origin were used in the
      evaluation of LAI reactivity. The assay was found to be capable of detecting a
      significant antitumor response before the subcutaneous tumors became detectable
      by palpation. The response remained significant until the tumors were greater
      than 20 mm in diameter.

PMID- 6384033
TI  - Effect of insulin on acetoacetyl CoA activities in diaphragm and gluteal muscle
      tissues.

PMID- 6384032
TI  - [Anatomy and physiology of cutaneous microcirculation].

PMID- 6384034
TI  - Overincubation as a moderator in binding HLA antigens with corresponding
      antibodies as regards HLA-C locus typing.

PMID- 6384035
TI  - Haemocoagulase obtained from snake venom in the management haemoptysis due to
      pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 6384036
TI  - Cytokine modulation of chondrocyte metabolism--in vivo and in vitro effects of
      piroxicam.
AB  - Changes in the macromolecular proteolycan (PG) and collagen of the cartilage
      matrix may culminate in irreparable tissue destruction. Molecular modifications
      appear to result from: (A) exogenous proteinases, (B) endogenous chondrocyte
      proteinases whose synthesis and release is modulated by exogenous non-enzymatic
      cytokines (CKs) and (C) quantitative and/or qualitative alterations in
      chondrocyte PG and collagen synthesis which are potentially induced by exogenous
      CKs. Studies have recently been initiated to determine the effect of piroxicam on
      the synthesis and activity of such metabolic regulatory CKs in patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and in age-, sex-, and race-matched
      controls. Therapeutic doses of piroxicam alone had no effect on the anabolic or
      catabolic function of chondrocytes. Current studies concern the effect of
      piroxicam on: (a) spontaneous and lectin-driven production by peripheral blood
      monocytes and T-cells of trypsin-sensitive, heat-labile CKs (interleukin 1,
      lymphokine) which, in a protein- and RNA-synthesis-dependent manner, induce a
      concentration and duration of substrate exposure dependent release of chondrocyte
      PG- and collagen- degrading neutral proteinases in cartilage organ and
      chondrocyte suspension culture systems; (b) spontaneous and lectin-driven
      synthesis by peripheral blood T-cells of lymphokines capable of suppressing
      chondrocyte PG, glycosaminoglycan, protein, collagen and nucleic acid synthesis
      in a quantitatively reversible manner; (c) pathological synovial membrane
      synthesis of such catabolic-inducing and anabolic-modulatory CKs. These
      experimental model system are reviewed together with preliminary data on the
      effect of piroxicam.

PMID- 6384038
TI  - Maternal and neonatal colonization with group B Streptococcus and neonatal
      outcome.

PMID- 6384037
TI  - Pathological aspects of osteoarthritis related to surgery.
AB  - Careful examination of existing information may promote a greater understanding
      of the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Alterations in venous drainage of the
      juxta-articular bone appear to produce disturbances in the joint capsule
      microcirculation. Histological evidence suggests a slowing down of the
      circulation; this might be the cause of proliferation and thickening of the
      capsule, and may also explain the experimental findings of increased oxygen
      pressure within the joint caused by reduced utilization of oxygen and increased
      glycolysis within the joint capsule. This increased consumption of glucose may
      lead to a reduced glucose concentration in the synovial fluid. This causes a
      reduction of glycolysis in the joint-cartilage, followed by decreased lactate
      concentration in the synovial fluid. With the inducer of hyaluronic acid
      production (lactate) absent, the joint consequently 'dries up'. Furthermore,
      during times of increased wear, friction-products of articular cartilage can
      irritate the synovial membrane and cause effusion; this may explain an apparent
      contradiction. It is therefore necessary to discuss the effectiveness of
      preventive and curative surgery in osteoarthritis. The biological effect of juxta
      articular osteotomies reaches beyond the purely mechanical consequences. The
      hypothesis that an improved circulation following osteotomy may affect the
      metabolic changes within the osteoarthritic joint is discussed.

PMID- 6384039
TI  - [Jean Lerede: the science of suggestion].

PMID- 6384040
TI  - Antigenic cross-reactivity between Treponema pallidum and other pathogenic
      members of the family Spirochaetaceae.
AB  - The antigenic cross-reactivity between Treponema pallidum and several pathogenic
      members of the family Spirochaetaceae was examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting techniques. Blots of T.
      pallidum antigens were incubated with antiserum from rabbits infected or
      immunized with T. pallidum, Treponema paraluiscuniculi, Treponema hyodysenteriae
      (strains B204 and T22), Borrelia hermsii serotype 7, or Leptopsira interrogans
      serogroup Canicola. T. pallidum contained 22 antigenic molecules ranging from
      85,000 to 12,000 daltons which were recognized by serum from rabbits infected
      with T. pallidum. Serum from rabbits infected with T. paraluiscuniculi cross
      reacted with 21 of these molecules and faintly reacted with a band at 15,000
      daltons which was not recognized by anti-T. pallidum serum. Antisera directed
      against strains B204 and T22 of T. hyodysenteriae cross-reacted with 11 and 10
      antigens of T. pallidum, respectively. B. hermsii and L. interrogans serogroup
      Canicola antisera detected 11 and 10 treponemal antigens, respectively. Many of
      the T. pallidum antigens detected by antisera against T. hyodysenteriae, B.
      hermsii, or L. interrogans serogroup Canicola have been previously identified as
      containing moieties also found on the nonpathogenic Treponema phagedenis, biotype
      Reiter, and may therefore represent group antigens common to members of the
      family Spirochaetaceae.

PMID- 6384041
TI  - Effects of zinc on stationary-phase phenotype and macromolecular synthesis
      accompanying outgrowth of Candida albicans.
AB  - When cultures of Candida albicans which had entered stationary phase due to the
      depletion of zinc (zinc-limiting conditions) were compared with cultures which
      had entered stationary phase due to the depletion of another growth-limiting
      component (zinc-excess conditions), at least two cellular characteristics were
      found to differ: (i) zinc-limited cells appeared more homogeneous and larger on
      the average than zinc-excess cells, and (ii) zinc-limited cells evaginated on the
      average of 40 min later than zinc-excess cells. In the present study, it is
      demonstrated that the distribution of volumes for a stationary-phase culture of
      zinc-excess cells is skewed towards very small volumes, but even the smallest
      cells contain nuclei; in contrast, the volumes of zinc-limited cells are evenly
      distributed around a much larger mean value; the evagination kinetics of zinc
      excess cells released into fresh medium are far less synchronous than are those
      of zinc-limited cells, and the smaller cells in the population take much longer
      to evaginate than do the larger cells; the onset of net RNA accumulation and
      achievement of a maximum rate of [3H]uridine incorporation occur significantly
      earlier in zinc-excess cells than in zinc-limited cells released into fresh
      medium; and the onset of net protein accumulation and [3H]leucine incorporation
      occur significantly earlier in zinc-excess cells than in zinc-limited cells
      released into fresh medium. These results indicate that although zinc-excess
      cells are extremely heterogeneous in volume, they may still be homogeneously
      blocked in the nuclear division cycle, and that the later average evagination
      time of released zinc-limited cells may be due to a delay in the onset of protein
      synthesis, which in turn may be due to the time necessary to reaccumulate zinc to
      levels sufficient for the reinitiation of RNA synthesis.

PMID- 6384042
TI  - Binding of Streptococcus mutans antigens to heart and kidney basement membranes.
AB  - Using indirect immunofluorescence, alkali-extracted components of Streptococcus
      mutans were found to bind in vitro to capillary walls and sarcolemmal sheaths of
      monkey cardiac muscle and to glomerular and tubular basement membranes of monkey
      kidney. Adsorption of S. mutans components to tissue fragments was also detected
      by indirect radioimmunoassay and immunoblotting on nitrocellulose paper.
      Antibodies did not bind to untreated, control tissues in these experiments,
      proving that antigens shared by S. mutans and tissue components were not
      involved. Rabbit and monkey heart and kidney components bound S. mutans antigens
      of 24,000, 35,000, and 65,000 Mr. Monkey heart also bound molecules of 90,000 and
      120,000 Mr. Rabbits immunized by intravenous injection of disrupted S. mutans
      cells developed severe nephritis that was characterized by the deposition of
      immunoglobulins, complement component C3, and S. mutans antigens in the
      glomeruli. Immunoglobulin G eluted from nephritic kidneys reacted in immunoblots
      with the 24,000, 35,000, and 65,000 Mr components of S. mutans extract,
      indicating that the antigens that bound to tissue in vitro also bound in vivo and
      reacted with antibodies in situ. Antibodies to other S. mutans antigens were not
      detected in the kidney eluate, although they were present in the serum of the
      same rabbit.

PMID- 6384043
TI  - Tubulin and high-molecular-weight polypeptides as Giardia lamblia antigens.
AB  - We determined the antigenic specificities of nine murine monoclonal antibodies to
      Giardia lamblia. Four distinct antibody reaction patterns were detected by
      immunofluorescence with G. lamblia trophozoites. Four monoclonal antibodies which
      reacted with the body but not the flagella of the whole trophozoites recognized
      two polypeptides of 170,000 and 155,000 molecular weights by immunoblotting. Two
      antibodies reacting with both the flagella and body also reacted with 170,000-
      and 155,000-molecular-weight antigens. An antibody specific for the G. lamblia
      attachment disk and two specific for flagella by immunofluorescence were found to
      react with 53,000- and 55,000-molecular-weight polypeptides by immunoblotting.
      These antigens comigrated with purified bovine brain tubulin, and their
      respective antibodies reacted in immunoblots with purified bovine brain tubulin.
      The antigens identified in this report were found to be present in Giardia
      cytoskeletal preparations. All antigens were pronase labile and heat stable. Four
      strains of G. lamblia reacted similarly in immunofluorescence assays as well as
      in immunoblotting assays.

PMID- 6384044
TI  - Cytotoxicity of leukocytes from normal and Shigella-susceptible (opium-treated)
      guinea pigs against virulent Shigella sonnei.
AB  - Intraepithelial lymphocytes were collected from the ileum of adult Hartley strain
      guinea pigs and used as effector cells in a 60-min bactericidal assay with
      virulent Shigella sonnei as target cells. Natural killer cytotoxicity (NKC) and
      antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) were measured and correlated with
      the resistance of the animals to infection by S. sonnei. Normal guinea pig
      intraepithelial lymphocytes exhibited mean NKC and ADCC values of 22.8 +/- 5.0
      and 34.1 +/- 13.6, respectively. These animals were resistant to oral challenge
      with virulent S. sonnei. Intraepithelial lymphocytes from guinea pigs which were
      fasted for 4 days demonstrated NKC and ADCC values similar to those of normal
      animals (31.0 +/- 8.1 and 41.7 +/- 6.7, respectively). These animals also were
      resistant to oral challenge. Intraepithelial lymphocytes from guinea pigs which
      were given 1 ml of deodorized tincture of opium 2 h before cell collection
      demonstrated deficient NKC (4.7 +/- 4.2) and ADCC (5.3 +/- 4.9) values but
      remained resistant to infection by S. sonnei. When guinea pigs were fasted for 4
      days and given opium, deficient NKC (2.0 +/- 2.0) and ADCC (1.3 +/- 1.3) values
      were demonstrated; this group of animals was susceptible to infection by S.
      sonnei (P less than 0.04). These experiments demonstrated that opium treatment
      depresses one form of gut immunity. When combined with starvation, opium
      treatment may increase susceptibility to infection by shigellae by modulation of
      immunity in addition to the effects on gut motility and bacterial flora.

PMID- 6384045
TI  - Cytotoxicity of human peripheral blood and colostral leukocytes against Shigella
      species.
AB  - We examined the ability of human peripheral blood leukocytes to kill strains of
      Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri by using a modified bactericidal assay.
      Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was demonstrated in the presence
      of specific rabbit immune serum directed against S. sonnei. With peripheral blood
      leukocytes from adults, ADCC was found only in the mononuclear cell and purified
      lymphocyte populations. Monocyte-macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes
      were unable to demonstrate ADCC. Lymphocyte ADCC, which was not affected by the
      addition of phenylbutazone (an inhibitor of phagocytosis), was mediated by a non
      T, Fc receptor-positive, HNK-1- cell. ADCC (using antiserum directed against
      virulent S. sonnei) was demonstrated against virulent S. sonnei but not against
      virulent S. sonnei or virulent S. flexneri. In contrast to leukocytes from
      adults, both mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells from neonatal cord blood and
      from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease mediated anti-Shigella ADCC.
      Breast milk leukocytes (BMLs) collected 1 to 3 days postpartum were used as
      effector cells against virulent S. sonnei. The entire BML population, BMLs which
      did not adhere to plastic and BMLs which passed through nylon wool columns
      mediated both natural killer cytotoxicity and ADCC. In paired experiments,
      natural killer cytotoxicity and ADCC were significantly lower (30 to 45%
      inhibition) but not ablated, when phenylbutazone was added to BMLs and nylon wool
      purified BMLs (P less than 0.05). These experiments suggest that colostral
      leukocytes mediated both extracellular and intracellular bacteriolysis in the
      presence and absence of specific antiserum. These mechanisms may be active in
      vivo in protection against shigellosis.

PMID- 6384046
TI  - Recovery of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria from irradiated mice.
AB  - Anaerobic and aerobic bacteria were often found as mixed infections in 225
      lethally irradiated mice. Of a total of 57 mice that were sacrificed, aerobic
      bacteria were recovered exclusively in 9 (27%) of the 34 culture-positive mice,
      anaerobic bacteria were recovered exclusively in 15 (44%), and mixed aerobic and
      anaerobic flora were recovered in 10 (29%). The predominant organisms were
      anaerobic cocci Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus spp., and
      Bacteroides spp.

PMID- 6384047
TI  - Murine monoclonal antibodies reactive with human heart and group A streptococcal
      membrane antigens.
AB  - Ten selected murine hybridoma cell lines that produce monoclonal antibodies
      against M type 5 Streptococcus pyogenes and human heart antigen were isolated.
      All of the monoclonal antibodies studied were determined to be the immunoglobulin
      M isotype. The antibodies were characterized on the basis of their reactions with
      Triton X-100-extracted whole human heart antigens, sodium dodecyl sulfate
      extracted sarcolemmal antigens, and whole streptococci or their membranes. Enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assays and Western immunoblotting techniques were used to
      compare the reactivity of the monoclonal antibodies. All 10 of the antibodies
      were first selected for their reactivity with Triton X-100-extracted heart
      antigens and whole group A, M type 5 streptococci. These antibodies were then
      divided into two categories: strong reactors or weak reactors with human
      sarcolemmal and streptococcal membranes. Among the strong reactors, two different
      types of monoclonal antibodies were observed on the basis of their immunobanding
      patterns with sarcolemmal and streptococcal membranes on Western blots.
      Monoclonal antibodies that were strong reactors with sarcolemmal and group A
      streptococcal membrane antigen were directed against a determinant on a family of
      proteins. The major reactants of sarcolemmal extracts were high-molecular-weight
      proteins near 200,000. Some monoclonal antibodies demonstrated more specificity
      for the heart than did others when reacted with separated Triton X-100-extracted
      tissue antigens from the heart, kidney, and skeletal muscle. One of the
      monoclonal antibodies that reacted with group A streptococci reacted with a
      Triton X-100-extracted heart antigen ca. 40,000 daltons in size. None of these
      monoclonal antibodies opsonized type 5 Streptococcus pyogenes, and in enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assays most of the antibodies were found to react to a
      lesser degree with other groups of streptococci. Monoclonal antibody was used to
      probe normal and rheumatic sarcolemma for differences in reactivity. Although the
      rheumatic heart reacted more intensely, no major differences between the
      immunobanding patterns of normal and rheumatic hearts were observed.

PMID- 6384048
TI  - Small virulence plasmid of Shigella dysenteriae 1 strain W30864 encodes a 41,000
      dalton protein involved in formation of specific lipopolysaccharide side chains
      of serotype 1 isolates.
AB  - A 6-megadalton plasmid, pHW400, of Shigella dysenteriae 1 strain W30864 was
      previously found to specify one or more functions for O-antigen production and
      bacterial virulence (H. Watanabe and K. N. Timmis, Infect. Immun. 43:391-396,
      1984). The region of pHW401, a Tn801-tagged derivative of pHW400, responsible for
      O-antigen production has been localized by gene cloning and Tn5 transposon
      mutagenesis. Analysis of lipopolysaccharide isolated from S. dysenteriae 1
      bacteria carrying mutant plasmids revealed that the determinant for O-antigen
      synthesis, designated rfp, codes for a function involved in the formation of the
      O-polysaccharide side chain structure of lipopolysaccharide. Analysis of
      radioactively labeled proteins synthesized in minicells of Escherichia coli
      carrying mutant plasmids identified the product of the rfp gene as a 41,000
      dalton protein. Southern hybridization with a DNA fragment carrying the rfp gene
      demonstrated that this determinant is present on 6-megadalton plasmids in other
      isolates of S. dysenteriae 1 but is not present at all in a variety of other
      Shigella, E. coli, and Salmonella typhimurium strains that were tested.

PMID- 6384049
TI  - Comparison of effects of nicked and unnicked Escherichia coli heat-labile
      enterotoxin on Chinese hamster ovary cells.
AB  - The effect on nicking (proteolytic cleavage) of heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) on
      its activities on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was examined. LT nicked with
      trypsin induced morphological change (elongation) of CHO cells from round to
      spindle-shaped cells faster than did unnicked LT. The times for elongation of 50%
      of the CHO cells with nicked and unnicked LT were 3 and 6 h, respectively. The
      activity of nicked LT on CHO cells was not inhibited by antiserum 20 min after
      treatment, whereas that of unnicked LT was inhibited by antiserum until ca. 130
      to 160 min after treatment. These data suggest that unnicked LT remains on the
      cell surface longer than nicked LT and thus induces morphological changes of CHO
      cells more slowly than does nicked LT.

PMID- 6384051
TI  - [Prospects in information services for nursing care].

PMID- 6384050
TI  - Immunoglobulin G and M composition of naturally occurring antibody to type III
      group B streptococci.
AB  - Human sera were examined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for
      immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies to purified type III polysaccharide of
      group B streptococci. The antigen-binding capacity of a reference human serum was
      determined by a radioimmunoassay, and the total antibody content was determined
      by quantitative precipitation. The serum was then depleted of IgM and IgA to
      determine the effect on the antigen-binding capacity. Duplicate samples of 81
      sera were tested by the enzyme-linked assay in comparison with reference standard
      serum. Although levels of IgG antibody were greater in subjects who had carried
      type III streptococci during pregnancy, concentrations of this antibody were
      generally low. Only 2 of 28 sera (7%) from parturient subjects and 7 of 25 sera
      (28%) from adult volunteers contained greater than or equal to 1 microgram of IgG
      antibody per ml; the mean levels were 0.13 and 0.53 micrograms/ml, respectively.
      In contrast, 19 of 28 maternal sera (68%) and 22 of 25 (88%) volunteer adult sera
      contained greater than or equal to 1 microgram/ml of IgM antibody; mean levels
      were 1.33 and 1.54 micrograms/ml, respectively. The cord serum levels of IgG
      antibody were almost identical to maternal serum concentrations, whereas IgM
      antibody was essentially undetected.

PMID- 6384052
TI  - [At the Institute Marguerite-d'Youville, 50 years of higher studies in Quebec].

PMID- 6384053
TI  - Magnetic denture retention systems: inexpensive and efficient.
AB  - A magnetic retention system has been used in more than 6000 complete and partial
      overdentures, sectional dentures and implant overdentures, with excellent
      clinical results and patient acceptability. For the overdenture application,
      decoronated, root-treated teeth are fitted with preformed or cast magnetisable
      alloy root elements, or 'keepers'. Following conventional denture construction,
      paired cobalt/samarium magnets in a special configuration are cured into the
      denture base so that with the denture inserted, the magnets grip the root
      elements with a retentive force of approximately 300 g per root. The paired
      magnet arrangement eliminates any external magnetic field and doubles the
      available retention. Magnetic retention has few of the problems encountered with
      other retention devices. It offers simplicity, low cost, self-adjustment,
      inherent stress-breaking, automatic repositioning after denture displacement,
      comparative freedom of lateral denture movement, reduces trauma to retained roots
      and eliminates the need for adjustment in service. For the sectional denture
      application, undesirable undercuts on the abutment teeth are used to provide
      passive, positive retention. The separate buccal and lingual sections are joined
      together by parallel pins fitting into matching tubes, assembly being maintained
      by magnetic attraction between a retention element in one section and a keeper in
      the other. Insertion and removal are more difficult than with a conventional
      denture but soft tissue coverage is minimal. There are no visible retainer arms
      and food traps are eliminated. Abutment tooth preparation is negligible, the
      laboratory procedures simple, and the treatment inexpensive and reversible. A
      clinical trial of magnetic overdenture retention in conjunction with
      osseointegrated titanium implants is now in progress. After 21 months acceptable
      clinical results have been obtained. An improved implant with an alumina core and
      a sintered hydroxyapatite coating is at present undergoing animal trials.
      Chemical bonding at the bone/implant interface is anticipated.

PMID- 6384054
TI  - Prevention of stroke.

PMID- 6384055
TI  - Carotid endarterectomy: indications and surgical technique.

PMID- 6384056
TI  - Protection of the brain during carotid endarterectomy. I. Routine shunting.

PMID- 6384057
TI  - Possible future refinements.

PMID- 6384058
TI  - Evaluation of patients for surgery. II. Laboratory considerations.

PMID- 6384059
TI  - Evaluation of patients for surgery. III. Neuroradiological considerations.

PMID- 6384060
TI  - Extracranial-intracranial arterial anastomosis: indications and surgical aspects.

PMID- 6384061
TI  - Physiology of the cerebral circulation and current thoughts on the protection of
      the brain against ischemia.

PMID- 6384062
TI  - A monoclonal antibody inhibiting human placental Fc gamma-receptor activity.
AB  - Fc gamma receptor (FcR) from human placenta was solubilized using EDTA and 2
      mercaptoethanol and purified by affinity chromatography on human IgG-coated
      Sepharose 4B. BALB/C mice were immunized with FcR and monoclonal antibodies were
      obtained by growing hybridoma cells following fusion of spleen cells with P3 X
      63Ag8 myeloma cells. Using an immunofluorescence technique, the IgG1 monoclonal
      antibody secreted by clone B1D6 stained the FcR-positive areas in sections of
      placental tissue. The endothelium of the foetal stem vessels stained more
      strongly than did the trophoblasts. The antibody also inhibited the
      haemadsorption to placental tissue of erythrocytes (E) sensitized with IgG
      antibodies (A), (EA), and inhibited the agglutination of EA by FcR. The data
      indicate that the monoclonal antibody reacts with the placental FcR at the
      binding site for IgG, or with an epitope close to the binding site. Apparently,
      the FcR in different anatomical areas in the placenta have a common antigenic
      determinant.

PMID- 6384063
TI  - Localization of covalent immune complexes on the epithelial side of the
      glomerular basement membrane in mice.
AB  - The site of immune complex localization in human glomerulonephritis is important
      in determining the kind of disease that may develop. Immune complex deposits
      found on the subepithelial side of the glomerular basement membrane are
      characteristic of membranous nephropathy, a common and often severe form of human
      renal disease. The pathogenesis of this disease remains controversial and
      arguments have recently been put forward that the subepithelial deposits arise
      from an in situ mechanism. This mechanism involves the initial localization of
      antigen allowing the antibody to subsequently combine, i.e. the immune complex is
      formed locally. This mechanism is thus in contrast to that in which immune
      complexes formed in the circulation are localized in the glomeruli. Covalent
      immune complexes do not dissociate and hence are ideal tools for studies to
      investigate whether complexes are able to cross the glomerular basement membrane.
      Covalent immune complexes of defined size and antigen-antibody ratio were
      prepared with a monoclonal antibody and photoaffinity labelling antigen, 4-azido
      2-nitro-phenylated bovine serum albumin. When these complexes were injected into
      mice, complexes of 550,000 MW molecular weight (but not those of 800,000 MW) were
      shown by electron microscopic autoradiography to localize on the subepithelial
      side of the glomerular basement membrane. It is thus proposed that small
      circulating immune complexes may be important in the pathogenesis of
      subepithelial deposits and there is a need for devising reliable tests for
      measuring small immune complexes.

PMID- 6384064
TI  - In vitro antigen-induced increase in motility and degranulation of basophilic
      granulocytes from atopic asthmatics, studied by microscopic motion pictures.
AB  - Increase in motility and degranulation of basophilic granulocytes by stimulation
      with antigen were studied by phase-contrast microscopic motion pictures. There
      was no difference in random movement between sensitized (atopic asthmatics) and
      nonsensitized basophilic granulocytes (healthy subjects). The incidence of
      basophilic granulocytes with oriented movement before antigen stimulation was
      significantly lower in atopic asthmatics compared to that in healthy subjects,
      but was significantly increased at 3-6 min and reached the peak at 12-15 min
      after addition of antigen. Degranulation of sensitized basophilic granulocytes
      began to occur at 3-6 min with the maximum at 12-15 min after antigen
      stimulation.

PMID- 6384065
TI  - How to diagnose delayed puberty?

PMID- 6384066
TI  - Stimulatory effect of an LHRH-agonist on testicular blood flow in
      hypophysectomized rats.
AB  - The effect of an LHRH-agonist (A) on testicular blood flow and plasma
      testosterone levels was studied in adult hypophysectomized rats. Subcutaneous
      injection of 1 microgram LHRH-agonist 2 or 4 h prior to experiment induced an
      increase in testicular blood flow. ( CONTROLS: 21.1 +/- 2.8 ml/100 g X min; LHRH
      A + 2 h: 28.9 +/- 3.3 ml/100 g X min; LHRH-A + 4 h: 32.4 +/- 4.1 ml/100 g X min P
      less than 0.05; all mean +/- SEM). There was also a significant increase in
      plasma testosterone levels at 2 h (P less than 0.01) and 4 h (P less than 0.01)
      after treatment with the LHRH-agonist, with a peak at 2 h.

PMID- 6384067
TI  - Techniques for the quantitative measurement of individual kidney function in the
      pig.
AB  - A prerequisite for elucidating the effect of radiation on porcine renal function
      is the development of non-invasive methods for accurate quantification of
      unilateral glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow
      (ERPF). The techniques presented here are (a) measurement of unilateral kidney
      filtration fraction (FF) determined by analysis of the early rise of the kidney's
      time-activity curves following the injection of tubular ([131I]hippuran) and
      glomerular ([99mTc]DTPA) tracers, and (b) deconvolution of the respective
      renogram. Unilateral FF values are obtained by calculating the ratio of
      glomerular to tubular clearances. Results for 23 female large white pigs indicate
      a highly significant correlation (r = 0.91, P less than 0.001) between computed
      FF values and those obtained from the plasma disappearance curves of [99mTc]DTPA
      and [131I]hippuran. Deconvolution of the renogram allows estimation of the mean
      transit time (MTT) for [99mTc]DTPA and [131I]hippuran, these are 6.94 +/- 1.87
      and 6.86 +/- 1.44 min respectively. In addition, FF values calculated from the H0
      values are significantly correlated (r = 0.7, P less than 0.05) with estimates
      from plasma disappearance curves of the tracers. Therefore these techniques
      appear to provide accurate non-invasive methods for determining individual
      porcine kidney function.

PMID- 6384068
TI  - Studies of the invasiveness of the chemically induced mouse sarcoma FS9. I.
      Monoclonal antibodies to a 37,000 dalton membrane glycoprotein inhibit invasion
      of fibroblasts in vitro.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies against the mouse sarcoma FS9 were prepared. Antibodies
      recognizing a 37,000 dalton glycoprotein on FS9 tumor cells inhibit invasion by
      FS9 sarcoma cells of chicken heart fibroblasts in vitro as assessed by
      Abercrombie's confronted explant assay. Antibodies to other membrane proteins of
      FS9 tumor cells failed to inhibit invasiveness of FS9 sarcoma cells. The 37,000
      dalton glycoprotein, which is neither a histocompatibility antigen nor a gp37
      glycoprotein of Rous sarcoma virus nor the MEP described by Gottesman, is present
      on the surface and in the cytoplasm of FS9 sarcoma cells. The plasma membrane of
      the non-invasive mouse cell line L929 contains only low concentrations of the
      37,000 dalton antigen. Hence, a relationship apparently exists between the
      increased concentration of this protein on the surface of FS9 cells and their
      invasiveness.

PMID- 6384070
TI  - Effects of bepridil on the resting electrocardiogram.
AB  - We evaluated the effects of bepridil hydrochloride, a long-acting calcium
      antagonist, on the electrocardiogram of 13 men with exertional angina. The drug
      decreased sinus rate (P = 0.01), increased the QT (P less than 0.001) and QTc
      interval (P less than 0.001), and produced T-wave changes in each patient.

PMID- 6384069
TI  - Treatment of intravenously implanted Lewis lung carcinoma with liposome
      encapsulated cytosine arabinoside and non-specific immunotherapy.
AB  - Liposomes have been used as biological carriers of antitumor drugs, and their
      potential use has been tested using various mouse tumors. In this study, we
      describe a potential role of liposome-encapsulated 1-beta-D
      arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara-C) with a mouse solid lung tumor model. Non
      encapsulated Ara-C at 25 mg/kg dose by the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route on days
      1, 4 and 7 had no improving effect on the average survival time of tumor-bearing
      mice compared to untreated control mice. However, the same dose of Ara-C
      encapsulated in multilamellar liposomes (MLV) improved the average survival of
      tumor-bearing mice by 60 to 80%. Ara-C was encapsulated more efficiently when
      DSPC or DPPC MLV were prepared at temperatures below their respective transition
      temperatures. DSPC and DPPC MLV prepared at 25 degrees C and DPPC MLV prepared at
      50 degrees C were equally effective for in vivo therapy, while DSPC MLV prepared
      at 60 degrees C were not as effective. Non-specific immunotherapy using BCG
      (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and CP Corynebacterium
      parvum) was effective, particularly when injected by the intravenous (i.v.)
      route, in prolonging the average survival of tumor-bearing mice. A combination of
      either i.v. BCG or i.p. CP with liposome therapy gave no further improvement in
      the average survival of tumor-bearing mice. However, a combination of either i.p.
      BCG or i.v. CP with liposome therapy was somewhat more effective than either
      liposome therapy or immunotherapy alone.

PMID- 6384071
TI  - Comparison of antihypertensive activity and tolerability of guanfacine and
      methyldopa.
AB  - In a double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled study the efficacy of a new
      antihypertensive agent, guanfacine, was compared that of with methyldopa.
      Guanfacine was more effective in controlling blood pressure than methyldopa, but
      it induced a slightly higher incidence of side-effects.

PMID- 6384072
TI  - A comparative study on the effects of pindolol and propranolol on systemic and
      cardiac haemodynamics in hypertensive patients.
AB  - Eight out-patients with essential hypertension participated in a comparative,
      placebo-controlled study with a cross-over design. Pindolol and propranolol were
      administered orally in doses of 20.0 +/- 3.13 mg/d (mean +/- SEM) and 125.0 +/-
      19.17 mg/d respectively. Pindolol reduced mean blood pressure by 11.9 mmHg; pre
      ejection period index by 8.1 msec; total peripheral resistance by 3.1 mmHg min/L;
      and limb vascular resistance by 3.28 mmHg min 100 g/ml. Heart rate, cardiac
      output, plasma renin activity and urinary norepinephrine excretion rate were not
      altered by pindolol. Propranolol reduced mean blood pressure by 14.0 mmHg; heart
      rate by 9.1 beats/min; cardiac output by 0.57 L/min; limb blood flow by 1.06
      ml/100 g.min; and plasma renin activity by 1.44 ng/ml/h; and increased pre
      ejection period index by 8.7 msec. Total peripheral resistance, limb vascular
      resistance and urinary norepinephrine excretion rate were not altered by
      propranolol. It was concluded that: (1) the drugs, pindolol and propranolol, are
      equally effective as antihypertensive agents; (2) heart function and plasma renin
      activity are decreased by propranolol and unaltered by pindolol; (3) total
      peripheral resistance is decreased by pindolol and unaltered by propranolol; and
      (4) these findings may be explained by the intrinsic sympathomimetic activity
      exhibited by pindolol only.

PMID- 6384074
TI  - The effect of steroids on the circulating lymphocyte population--VI. Studies of
      the thoracic duct T- and B-lymphocyte populations after neonatal thymectomy and
      prednisolone treatment. An immunofluorescence study in the rat.
AB  - The corticosteroid effect on circulating lymphocytes in a steroid-sensitive
      species (rat) was studied by immunofluorescence. Both normal and neonatally
      thymectomized animals were injected with a high dose of prednisolone. T- and B
      lymphocytes as well as T-lymphocyte subsets were analyzed in thoracic duct lymph
      during the involution phase (3 h after injection) and the restitution phase (17 h
      after injection) using conventional and monoclonal antisera. Neonatal thymectomy
      significantly reduced the number of circulating T-helper and T-non helper cells.
      In the involution phase, after a corticosteroid injection, there was a 64%
      reduction of lymph cell content in normal rats, affecting both T- and B
      lymphocytes. Thymectomized animals showed an even more pronounced disappearance
      of cells. Counted in percentage, more B- than T-lymphocytes disappeared from the
      circulation. The T-non helper cells disappeared to a greater extent than the T
      helper cells did. Cells with Ia-antigen showed about the same values as the B
      lymphocytes. During the restitution phase all cells types were restored to normal
      levels. It seems that a high prednisolone dose has a more pronounced effect on
      the circulation of B- than of T-lymphocytes, and the T-non helper cells are
      probably more sensitive than the T-helper subpopulation. These data support the
      hypothesis that a major corticosteroid effect is a trapping and redistribution of
      circulating lymphocytes, more pronounced for certain cell types.

PMID- 6384073
TI  - Intravenous indoprofen in the management of renal colic.
AB  - Recent reports imply that the prostaglandin system is involved in the
      pathogenesis of pain due to renal colic, and prostaglandin-synthetase inhibitors
      have been proposed in the management of this condition. A dose-response study has
      therefore been performed in patients with renal colic, using two intravenous non
      steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, indoprofen and lysine acetylsalicylate (ASA).
      Seventy-five inpatients (15 per group) were treated with three dose levels of
      indoprofen (100, 200 and 400 mg) or two dose levels of ASA (500 and 1500 mg)
      according to a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group design. The patients
      scored their pain at 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes after treatment; they also
      assessed the overall efficacy of treatment by means of a visual analogue scale.
      The results showed that, in terms of mean pain score, there was a prompt
      analgesic response in each treatment group, higher effects being obtained with
      increasing dose levels of both drugs. However, the statistical prerequisites for
      calculating a potency ratio between the drugs under study were satisfied only for
      a few variables, in which cases the relative potency of indoprofen to ASA varied
      between 7.1 and 8.8. The analysis of the frequencies of response, on the other
      hand, revealed for indoprofen a significant dose-effect regression, the higher
      dose of this drug giving a complete or nearly complete relief of pain in the
      majority of patients.

PMID- 6384075
TI  - Historical developments in psychiatric forensic evidence: the British experience.

PMID- 6384076
TI  - Relapse rates among nonlepromatous patients released from control.
AB  - A total of 1701 nonlepromatous patients treated with dapsone monotherapy for at
      least 4 1/2 years and released from control were followed up and examined for
      evidence of relapse. They contributed a total of 5254 person years of risk, and
      there were 51 relapses (3%), giving an overall relapse rate of 9.7/1000 person
      years of risk. This paper examines the effect of various factors on the risk of
      relapses, such as age, sex, and classification of the disease; duration and
      regularity of treatment; percentage of attendance; deformity grade; number of
      patches and lepromin status. Some of the factors studied, such as age, sex,
      classification, percentage of attendance, and the number of patches in
      association with the lepromin status, were found to significantly influence the
      risk of relapse in these patients. Therapy in nonlepromatous leprosy is discussed
      in light of these findings.

PMID- 6384077
TI  - Electrophysiological studies of the sciatic nerves in Mycobacterium leprae foot
      pad-injected rats.
AB  - This study tested the possibility of developing an experimental model of
      neuropathy in female Wistar rats inoculated with Mycobacterium leprae in the foot
      pad and assessed by repeated electrophysiological methods. M. leprae multiplied
      in the rats but considerably less than in simultaneously inoculated mice. No acid
      fast bacilli were found in nerves. Motor and sensory conduction velocities
      remained normal at the thigh level of the sciatic nerve. At the leg, they
      decreased significantly bilaterally for motor conduction and in the inoculated
      side for sensory conduction at 21 months after inoculation. These results suggest
      the possibility of developing an experimental model of leprosy neuropathy which
      might be useful for therapeutic research. Further histopathological studies are
      needed to assess this paucibacillary model.

PMID- 6384078
TI  - Lactate dehydrogenase in Mycobacterium leprae grown in armadillo liver.
AB  - Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was detected in extracts of untreated and NaOH
      treated Mycobacterium leprae. Since armadillo liver LDH isoenzymes with a similar
      electrophoretic mobility were shown to be considerably more sensitive to
      inhibition by oxamate than LDH in M. leprae extracts, it was confirmed that M.
      leprae grown in armadillo liver has its own LDH. Neither the activity of LDH in
      M. leprae nor its electrophoretic mobility supported the tentative suggestion
      that an "anomolous" LDH isoenzyme in infected skin biopsies was in fact an M.
      leprae-derived enzyme.

PMID- 6384079
TI  - Unresponsiveness to Mycobacterium leprae in lepromatous leprosy in vitro:
      reversible or not?

PMID- 6384080
TI  - Observations on the site, size, shape, and arrangement of lesions in the human
      skin.

PMID- 6384081
TI  - Photoallergic reaction. Classification and pathogenesis.
AB  - In the present article, an attempt was made to classify photoallergic reactions.
      Theoretically, they can be divided into four types, based on the origin of
      photoallergens and on the type of allergy. The photoallergen may be endogenous or
      exogenous in origin and photoallergic reaction may be immediate or delayed in
      nature. Lichen planus-like photosensitivity reaction was classified as another
      type of photoallergy because clinical features are distinct from the other four
      types. Pathogenic mechanisms were also discussed in each type of reaction,
      reviewing experimental evidences and speculative concepts of my own and other
      investigators.

PMID- 6384082
TI  - Pathology of granulomatous diseases. Histiocytic granulomas.

PMID- 6384083
TI  - So you suspect mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). Which tests to perform?

PMID- 6384084
TI  - Marion B. Sulzberger, M.D.--a human being.

PMID- 6384085
TI  - Hydrophobic, aza-glycine analogues of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.
AB  - The effect of combination of the hydrophilic aza-Gly substitution (NHNHCO) at
      position 10 with hydrophobic, unnatural D-amino acids in position 6 on the
      potency of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) analogues has been
      investigated. Previously the aza-Gly residue was shown to provide protection from
      enzymatic cleavage and lead to potency increases in a less hydrophobic series.
      The compounds were prepared by coupling of the corresponding nonapeptide acids
      with semicarbazide hydrochloride by the N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide/1
      hydroxybenzotriazole procedure. The required nonapeptide acids were prepared by
      the solid phase method on chloromethyl-polystyrene resin using HF/anisole
      deprotection. The products were purified by preparative reversed-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography. The analogues were tested in a rat estrous
      cyclicity suppression assay designed to show the paradoxical antifertility
      effects of these compounds. The potencies of [6-(3-benzimidazol-2-yl)-D-alanine),
      10-aza-glycine] LH-RH and [6-(3-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-D-alanine), 10
      aza-glycine] LH-RH are 40 and 190 times that of LH-RH respectively. The most
      active compound in this series is [6-(3-(2-naphthyl)-D-alanine), 10-aza-glycine]
      LH-RH with a potency 230 times that of LH-RH. This compound is 2.3 times as
      potent as the standard ([D-Trp6, Pro9-NHEt] LH-RH) and appears to be the most
      potent LH-RH agonist reported.

PMID- 6384086
TI  - Rapid purification of radioiodinated peptides with Sep-Pak reversed phase
      cartridges and HPLC.
AB  - A simple, rapid method is described for the purification of radioiodinated
      peptides for use in radioimmuno- and in radioreceptor assays. Iodinated reaction
      mixtures are applied directly onto Sep-Pak disposable, reversed phase cartridges
      equilibrated with phosphate buffer. Unreacted 125-iodide and other non-peptide
      reaction components are eluted with buffer. The peptide fraction is then eluted
      with 70% buffer: 30% acetonitrile. The peptide fraction is further purified by
      reversed phase high pressure liquid chromatography to separate the native peptide
      and the mono- and diiodo-derivatives. In this study the method is used to prepare
      125-iodide-labeled monoiodo-leucine enkephalin and monoiodo-angiotensin II, which
      are free of the parent peptides and diiodo-derivatives and are of maximum
      obtainable specific radioactivity. The usefulness of these labeled peptides in
      radioimmuno- and radioreceptor assays is demonstrated by their binding to
      specific antibodies and receptors, respectively.

PMID- 6384087
TI  - Thermal denaturation of tryptophan synthase alpha-subunit. Comparison of the
      values of thermodynamic parameters of unfolding obtained from van't Hoff analysis
      of CD measurement with those from calorimetry.
AB  - Thermal denaturation for the wild-type of tryptophan synthase alpha-subunits from
      E. coli and one of its mutant proteins was followed by CD measurements at various
      pHs in the alkaline region and the results from van't Hoff analyses of the
      thermal denaturation curves were compared with those from calorimetry. Although
      the far-u.v. CD spectra of the thermally denatured proteins differed from those
      of the completely denatured states in 3.2 M guanidine hydrochloride, the
      titration curves by denaturants at higher temperatures were not sigmoidal but
      straight lines, indicating that the cooperative structure of the proteins has
      been completely destroyed by heating. The ratio of calorimetric enthalpy change
      to van't Hoff enthalpy change obtained from calorimetric study was unity,
      indicating that the thermal denaturation of the proteins was a two-state system.
      The unfolding heat capacity change (delta Cp) of the wild-type protein from van't
      Hoff analysis of the thermal denaturation curves by CD measurement was estimated
      to be 2.45 kcal/mol X deg, which was similar to that from calorimetry. The values
      of unfolding enthalpy change at denaturation temperatures were lower by about 15
      kcal/mol compared to those from calorimetry.

PMID- 6384088
TI  - Anna Freud's contribution to the work of the International Psychoanalytical
      Association.

PMID- 6384089
TI  - Anna Freud's contributions to child and applied analysis.

PMID- 6384090
TI  - Anna Freud and the psychoanalytic study and treatment of adults.

PMID- 6384091
TI  - Discussions with Anna Freud on The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defence: The Ego and
      the Id at Puberty.
AB  - This paper is the twelfth in a series reporting discussions at the Hampstead
      Child-Therapy Clinic with Anna Freud on her book The Ego and the Mechanisms of
      Defence. It reports a discussion in 1973 on Chapter 11 of her book, entitled 'The
      Ego and the Id at Puberty'.

PMID- 6384092
TI  - The analyst's conceptual freedom in the method of free association.
AB  - Anna Freud's observation of the loss entailed in the progress from the
      topographical to the structural theory is taken as the starting point of a
      discussion of the relationship between psychoanalytic theory and the
      psychoanalytic method. The discussion considers the dangers of misapplying
      theories in he clinical situation and the disadvantages of defining the method
      and aims of psychoanalytic treatment and investigation in theoretical terms. A
      focus on free association, with systematic initial formulation based on an
      operational rather than a theoretical framework, preserves the analyst's
      conceptual freedom while it permits further articulation with the wide range of
      psychoanalytic theoretical propositions. The problem of theoretical bias on the
      analyst's part can be lessened or even solved by moving with restraint from the
      associations to the formulations rather than in the opposite direction and by
      systematic attention to the sequences and patterns of the associations.

PMID- 6384093
TI  - The 'second censorship', the 'three box model' and some technical implications.

PMID- 6384094
TI  - Anna Freud--child analyst.

PMID- 6384095
TI  - Work in the Hampstead war nurseries.

PMID- 6384096
TI  - Anna Freud--psychiatrist.

PMID- 6384097
TI  - Fifty years after the mutative interpretation.
AB  - A detailed study is made of the paper Strachey presented at the British Society
      in 1933 and of his exposition at the Marienbad Congress, pointing out the
      similarities and the differences between them which mark an evolution in the
      outlook of this great English analyst. The influence on Strachey of 'Group
      Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego' and of the Salzburg Congress is easily
      recognizable, but what distinguishes his contribution is to have separated, with
      great theoretical precision, the fundamental instrument of analysis-
      interpretation--from suggestion. By defining the conditions in which the mutative
      effect takes place, while at the same time giving the reasons that make
      transferential interpretation the only field of this action. Strachey makes a
      lasting contribution to psychoanalysis and lays the foundations which, with the
      development of our knowledge, have made insight stand today at the centre of the
      most convincing explanations on the nature of psychoanalysis' therapeutic action.

PMID- 6384098
TI  - Glaucoma and intraocular lens implantation.

PMID- 6384099
TI  - Echinococcosis of the kidney.
AB  - A case of renal echinococcosis, most uncommon in Hungary, is reported. The
      problems of diagnosis and therapy are discussed. It is emphasized that
      difficulties of diagnosis, particularly differential diagnosis, arise mainly in
      countries where the incidence of echinococcosis is low. It is with the aid of the
      new diagnostic methods that an echinococcus cyst has been identified
      preoperatively in an occluded kidney which had been out of function for years.

PMID- 6384100
TI  - Modification of the King-Hoffman urethroplasty for one-stage repair of distal
      shaft penile hypospadias.
AB  - A new method of one-stage surgical correction of distal to penoscrotal
      hypospadias is described. The chordee is released by skin lysis alone and
      urethroplasty is done by the flip-flap technique while the globular glans is
      rerolled over the new urethra, all in one stage. The complication rate was
      minimal (15 per cent), and acceptable in the 40 patients who underwent this
      modified one-stage King-Hoffman urethroplasty.

PMID- 6384101
TI  - [Use of echocardiography in cardiologic emergency medicine].

PMID- 6384102
TI  - [Drug monitoring in intensive care medicine].

PMID- 6384104
TI  - [New possibilities in the therapy of threatening tachycardia rhythm disorders:
      drug--electrical--operative therapy].

PMID- 6384103
TI  - [Nuclear medicine procedures in emergency and intensive care medicine].

PMID- 6384105
TI  - [Clinical aspects and therapy of the hypertensive emergency].

PMID- 6384106
TI  - [Arterial circulatory disorders of the legs in pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Gronblad
      Strandberg syndrome].

PMID- 6384107
TI  - [77-year-old patient with normocytic anemia, increased serum iron and ineffective
      erythropoiesis].

PMID- 6384108
TI  - [Myalgic-adynamic syndrome in infection].

PMID- 6384109
TI  - [Presence and significance of polypathy and multimorbidity in geriatrics].

PMID- 6384110
TI  - [The lung and aging].

PMID- 6384111
TI  - [Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in the elderly].

PMID- 6384113
TI  - [The biophysiology of the cardiovascular system and its therapeutic
      implications].

PMID- 6384114
TI  - [Cardiovascular diseases in advanced age: prevention and rehabilitation from the
      psychologic viewpoint].

PMID- 6384115
TI  - [Pharmacotherapy and aging].

PMID- 6384112
TI  - [Cerebrovascular circulation and cerebral metabolism in aging].

PMID- 6384116
TI  - [The geriatric day clinic: concept, function and experiences].

PMID- 6384117
TI  - [Nocturnal angina pectoris attacks].

PMID- 6384118
TI  - [Sudden heart death in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy--documentation in the 24
      hour long-term ECG].

PMID- 6384119
TI  - [Incomplete paralysis of the striated musculature, respiratory paralysis and
      complete gastrointestinal atony in a youthful patient following a canned fish
      meal].

PMID- 6384120
TI  - Neuropeptide Y immunoreactive neurons in the guinea-pig uvea and retina.
AB  - Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a recently discovered, amidated 36 amino acid residue
      neuropeptide present in many but not all sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. In
      the guinea-pig eye, NPY immunoreactive fibers were found to have the same
      distribution as noradrenergic fibers except that there were fewer at the iris
      dilator, in the cornea, and in the chamber angle. In the anterior uvea, the NPY
      immunoreactive fibers disappeared after excision of the homolateral superior
      cervical sympathetic ganglion, whereas in the choroid, many NPY immunoreactive
      fibers remained, indicating that they originate elsewhere. NPY immunoreactivity
      thus is not found in all sympathetic adrenergic neurons nor is it found only in
      such nerve fibers. In the retina, NPY immunoreactive fibers formed a single layer
      of processes in sublamina 1 of the inner plexiform layer. NPY immunoreactive cell
      bodies were found in the innermost cell row of the inner nuclear layer. The
      immunoreactivity was concentrated to the hillock region of these cells.

PMID- 6384121
TI  - Characterization of endotoxin-induced C5-derived chemotactic activity in aqueous
      humor.
AB  - Although a cellular exudate characterizes acute anterior uveitis, few studies
      have sought to identify the chemoattractant(s) contributing to this phenomenon.
      As a model of acute ocular inflammation, the authors have injected rabbits
      intravenously with endotoxin (Salmonella typhimurium LPS, 2.5 micrograms/kg). In
      a Boyden chamber assay, aqueous humor drawn 3 hr after LPS (post-LPS aqueous)
      exhibited chemotactic activity for purified rabbit granulocytes (PMN).
      "Checkerboard" analysis indicated that chemotaxis, rather than protein-induced
      chemokinesis, primarily accounted for PMN migration. Aqueous from normal rabbits
      demonstrated no chemotactic activity. Chemotactic activity was maximal at 3 hr
      post-LPS (versus 1 or 5 hr). PMN migration exhibited a direct correlation with
      the concentration of aqueous tested (0.5-5%). Several observations indicated that
      this chemotactic activity is complement (C5)-derived. It is inhibited by
      antibodies to C5 but not affected by antibodies to C3. Similar to rabbit C5a,
      chemotactic activity in post-LPS aqueous was heat stable at 56 degrees C X 30
      min, attracted both human and rabbit PMN at similar concentrations and induced
      release of beta glucuronidase from PMN. In addition, prior incubation of rabbit
      PMN with partially purified C5a (densensitization) specifically inhibited
      chemotactic responses to both C5a and post-LPS aqueous without inhibiting
      responses to another chemoattractant, n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine.
      Finally, chemotactic activity from post-LPS aqueous could be recovered from a
      Sephadex G75 column and eluted similarly to chemotactic activity in zymosan
      activated rabbit serum or 13,700 D molecular weight marker. The presence of
      complement-derived chemotactic activity in this model should not be construed as
      evidence that this activity contributes to the pathogenesis of endotoxin-induced
      inflammation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6384122
TI  - Immunohistochemical evidence for preproenkephalin A synthesis in human
      retinoblastoma.
AB  - Human retinoblastoma contains clusters of cells immunoreactive for methionine
      enkephalin and methionine-enkephalin-arginine-phenylalanine. Some tumour cells
      also exhibited methionine-enkephalin-arginine-glycine-leucine-like
      immunoreactivity. The results are in agreement with those obtained with similar
      testing of neuroblastoma cell cultures. It is concluded that some human
      retinoblastoma cells are capable of synthesizing preproenkephalin A or parts of
      this molecule.

PMID- 6384124
TI  - Effect of tissue fit on corneal shape after transplantation.
AB  - Postkeratoplasty astigmatism is now a major problem preventing visual recovery.
      Certain postoperative topographic characteristics are felt to be dictated by the
      fit of the donor corneal button in its recipient bed. Deficient tissue at the
      wound is predicted to contribute to the location of the steep meridian and excess
      tissue to the location of the flat meridian. In an eight-cat sample using our Fit
      Assessment Method and Photogrammetric Index Method, the authors tested the
      relationship between button fit in recipient bed and resulting corneal curvature
      at approximately 42, 161, and 289 postoperative days. Corneal symmetry improved
      between the first and second postoperative periods. Deficient tissue led to
      steepened curvature and ample tissue to flattened curvature in the first
      measurement period. When buttons fit poorly, deficient tissue led to steepness in
      the first postoperative period, but led to flattened curvature 90 deg away from
      the deficient tissue meridian in the second and third periods. The relationship
      between ample tissue and flattest postoperative curvature did not depend on the
      magnitude of button-fed disparity in any period. Corneal elasticity appeared to
      influence the way tissue disparity affected postoperative topography. Our
      findings support Troutman's balloon mode. When there was a large amount of
      uncompensated tissue disparity, the tissue deficiency exerted a force that
      shortened the translimbal chord. This produced both steepened curvature parallel
      to this chord soon after surgery and flattened curvature at 90 deg to the chord
      in the stable postoperative cornea.

PMID- 6384125
TI  - Why an image?

PMID- 6384123
TI  - The growth of endothelium from human corneal rims in tissue culture.
AB  - The authors report the successful in vitro growth of human corneal endothelium
      derived from 12 of 31 corneal-scleral rims obtained following corneal
      transplantation. The average age of donors whose endothelium grew was 17.6 +/-
      3.2 years. The average interval between death and culturing was 51.5 +/- 10.1 hr.
      The cells migrated from the explants within 3-7 days and were characterized by a
      flattened, polygonal shape with a centrally located nucleus. Cell growth
      exhibited a doubling time of 72-96 hr in the second and third tissue culture
      passages. A reduced growth rate was observed by cell lines maintained in vitro
      for over 6 months. Fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and
      endothelial cell growth supplement all exerted a positive influence on cell
      proliferation. Corneal-scleral rims can be a valuable source of endothelial cells
      for corneal research.

PMID- 6384126
TI  - The beneficial effects of short pulse width acquisition and ECG-gating in digital
      angiocardiography.
AB  - Experimental intravenous left ventriculography and coronary angiography after
      aortic root injection were performed in 13 animals. Various image acquisition and
      digital image processing techniques were employed. These included single mask
      mode subtraction, integrated mask mode subtraction, ECG-gated image acquisition,
      TV camera read-out in interlaced mode, and pulse progressive read-out with 1- to
      5-ms pulse width. High quality images were obtained consistently only after ECG
      gating and use of 1- to 5-ms pulse width with pulse progressive read-out of the
      TV camera. Integration of four to eight background as well as contrast images all
      from the same phase of the cardiac cycle further improved image quality.

PMID- 6384127
TI  - On the etiology and pathogenesis of porotic hyperostosis of the skull.
AB  - The 256 skulls and 66 skull fragments of the pre-Columbian Peruvian Indians in
      the Hrdlicka archeologic collection were examined for a porous bone lesion known
      as porotic hyperostosis. The age, sex, and geographic distribution, as well as
      the severity and pattern of involvement of the skull bones were noted in an
      attempt to define the etiology and the pathogenesis of the lesion. Porotic
      hyperostosis of the skull was present in 20% of the specimens and was probably
      caused by marrow expansion on the basis of iron deficiency. The lesion was more
      prevalent and severe among coastal dwellers; men and women were equally affected,
      and the parietal and occipital bones were the most frequently involved sites.
      Severe cases were observed only in infants and children, presumably because of
      limited marrow space and a special predilection for iron deficiency in infants,
      and of healing of the lesion in adults. Radiographic abnormalities included
      thinning of the outer table of the skull, diploic space widening, and a "hair-on
      end" appearance. Sixty percent of all cases and 100% of severe cases demonstrated
      one or more of these findings.

PMID- 6384128
TI  - The ultrasonographic characterization of tendons.
AB  - Ultrasonography has not been utilized in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal
      disorders. However, the superficial location of tendons and ligaments lend
      themselves to evaluation by this modality. The ultrasonographic characteristics
      of the normal Achilles tendon are described in both the rabbit and man. The
      characteristic ultrasonographic findings after injury to the Achilles tendon are
      also determined. This imaging technique provides a sharp definition of the tendon
      and surrounding structures and easily demonstrates abnormalities. The
      superficially located quadriceps tendon is also well visualized by ultrasound and
      representative examples are shown. Ultrasound should be considered as another
      useful method for evaluation of these superficial musculoskeletal structures.

PMID- 6384129
TI  - Comparison of the virus-associated polymerases of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus
      types 1 and 2.
AB  - A detailed comparison was made of the virus-associated polymerase activities of
      cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV) types 1 and 2 which had previously been
      shown to differ in their response to the methyl donor S-adenosyl-L-methionine
      (AdoMet). While the type 1 CPV polymerase was approximately twice as active as
      the type 2 CPV enzyme in the presence of AdoMet, temperature, pH and divalent
      cation optima of the two enzymes were similar. Both viruses synthesized in vitro
      single-stranded RNA copies of only one strand of the double-stranded RNA genome.
      In addition, each RNA segment of both viruses was transcribed in approximately
      equal amounts by weight. The results suggest that most features of CPV polymerase
      activity are highly conserved, even among CPV types which show substantial
      antigenic and biochemical differences.

PMID- 6384130
TI  - Chemonucleolysis.

PMID- 6384131
TI  - Clobazam as adjunctive treatment in drug resistant epilepsy--report on an open
      prospective study.

PMID- 6384132
TI  - Comparison of a new corticosteroid aerosol, budesonide, with beclomethasone
      dipropionate in the treatment of chronic asthma.

PMID- 6384133
TI  - Aspiration pneumonia--Mendelson syndrome; a review.

PMID- 6384135
TI  - Biographical sketches--No. 44. Metchnikoff.

PMID- 6384134
TI  - Biographical sketches--No. 43. Loeffler.

PMID- 6384136
TI  - Doing the world's unhealthy work: the fiction of free choice.

PMID- 6384137
TI  - Some early physicians of Hawaii--1800s.

PMID- 6384138
TI  - [Spinocellular cancer at the site of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus].
AB  - A case of squamous cell carcinoma is presented that developed within a tense,
      fibrotic scar caused by chronic discoid lupus erythematosus. The carcinoma
      appeared in a woman of 60 years of age who has had chronic discoid lupus
      erythematosus on the scalp for 30 years. According to the literature, the
      frequency of this type of malignant transformation is estimated to be within the
      same range as the incidence of squamous cell carcinomas arising within tense,
      fibrotic scars, that is ranging between 0.1% and 2.6%. Therefore, no additional
      carcinoma-promoting factors of different origin specific for chronic discoid
      lupus erythematosus could be found.

PMID- 6384140
TI  - [Pemphigus herpetiformis].

PMID- 6384139
TI  - [Did Rembrandt have a nickel allergy?].

PMID- 6384141
TI  - Renal transplantation in HLA-identical sibling pairs.

PMID- 6384143
TI  - Inhibition by calcium antagonist of coupling of insulin binding and insulin
      action on glucose transport in isolated fat cells.

PMID- 6384142
TI  - Characterization of the lag phase of insulin action on glucose transport in rat
      isolated adipocytes.

PMID- 6384144
TI  - The high dose therapy of anti-human lymphoblast globulin in living related renal
      transplantation.

PMID- 6384145
TI  - Increase in T. G-cell ratio in renal transplant recipients and the relationship
      to complications.

PMID- 6384146
TI  - An experimental model for hyperacute rejection in inbred rat cardiac
      transplantation: correlation cardiac graft survival time and anti T-cell warm
      cytotoxic antibody titer.

PMID- 6384147
TI  - Studies of alloantibody effect on skin graft survival in mice.

PMID- 6384148
TI  - Cataract in kidney transplant recipients.

PMID- 6384149
TI  - Modification of the fluorescent staining method for mycobacterial cells.

PMID- 6384150
TI  - Immunoelectron microscopical demonstration of endogenous avidin in secretory
      granules of the hen oviduct mucosa: a preliminary study.
AB  - The localization of avidin in the oviduct of the laying hen was investigated
      using ultrastructural immunoperoxidase techniques. Endogenous avidin was
      localized in secretory granules of both tubular gland cells and non-ciliated
      single epithelial cells in the magnum mucosa. These immunospecific granules were
      electron-dense and heterogeneous with a patchy core and dense peripheral region,
      especially in acinar cells. The size varied from small to large in the gland
      cells (500-2200 nm in diameter) and remained small in the epithelial cells (180
      720 nm). Columnar epithelial cells containing avidin granules strongly resembled
      the protodifferentiated tubular gland cells appearing in the magnum mucosa of
      chicks artificially pretreated with ovarian hormones. On the other hand, no
      avidin was observed in either epithelial goblet cells or ciliated cells in adult
      hens, although both cell types were shown to produce avidin in young chicks when
      synchronized by the administration of progesterone. The present results parallel
      those obtained with biotinylated enzyme affinity methods in our previous
      cytochemical study. Therefore, avidin is one of the proteins produced and stored
      in the secretory granules of the tubular gland cells and protodifferentiated
      acinar cells present in the epithelial layer of the laying hen oviduct. It is not
      present in goblet cells. Although the initiation of a synthesis may be triggered
      by progesterone, it is still not clear whether different hormone dependent
      proteins are localized in the same granules in both the adult hen and the
      immature chick.

PMID- 6384151
TI  - Histochemical localization of primary and secondary alcohol dehydrogenases in
      whole-body, freeze-dried sections of mice.
AB  - Whole-body sagittal sections of frozen, C57BL/6J, adult, male mice were used for
      the localization of primary and secondary alcohol dehydrogenases in most tissues
      of the body. The reduction of Nitro BT with NAD+ as coenzyme, as described
      originally by Hardonk (1965), was utilized for the generation of coloured final
      reaction deposits. Ethanol was used as a substrate for primary alcohol
      dehydrogenase; 2-propanol, alpha-methylbenzyl alcohol and 2-butanol were used as
      substrates for secondary alcohol dehydrogenase. Liver and bronchial epithelium
      showed the highest activities for both enzymes; oesophageal and upper gastric
      epithelium showed a high activity of primary alcohol dehydrogenase. Pyrazole,
      indazole and imidazole inhibited primary, but not secondary, alcohol
      dehydrogenase. Dimethylsulphoxide and menthol slightly inhibited both enzymes.
      Oleic acid, sulphydryl agents, p-chloromercuribenzoate, and copper sulphate also
      inhibited both enzymes. Slight inhibition of secondary dehydrogenase was observed
      on co-administration of several alcohols. As expected, N-nitrosonornicotine did
      not function as a substrate for alcohol dehydrogenases. When this compound was
      present in the histochemical incubation media, no activity was seen at any of the
      usual sites of these enzymes. The distribution of the alcohol dehydrogenase
      activities found in this study correlates with the distribution of radioactivity
      in oesophagus, bronchi and liver after administration of [14C]nitrosonornicotine.
      This suggests that the alcohol dehydrogenases may be involved in the metabolism
      of hydroxylated nitrosonornicotine, a metabolite of the most abundant known
      carcinogen in cigarette smoke.

PMID- 6384153
TI  - Serotonin immunohistochemistry reveals immature EC cells.
AB  - Radioautographic studies of rat duodenal mucosa were carried out after single
      injections of 3H-thymidine, and the labelling indices of enterochromaffin (EC)
      cells identified by serotonin immunohistochemistry and by the diazo reaction were
      compared. The labelling index of EC cells by serotonin immunohistochemistry was
      2.3% (mean percentage of 2 rats), while no labelled cells were found in diazo
      positive EC cells. This finding indicates that serotonin immunohistochemistry
      reveals a less mature population of EC cells than conventional techniques such as
      the diazo reaction.

PMID- 6384152
TI  - Peptide YY (PYY) immunoreactivity is co-stored with glucagon-related
      immunoreactants in endocrine cells of the gut and pancreas.
AB  - In this study we report the localisation of PYY immunoreactivity in intestinal
      mucosa endocrine (EG) cells containing glucagon-related peptides and also in
      foetal pancreatic A cells of rat and man. Radioimmunoassay of human foetal
      pancreatic extracts revealed the presence of PYY immunoreactivity, the
      concentration of which declined with age (from 65.42 pmol/g at week 20 to 17.0
      pmol at week 40; correlation coefficient = -0.893), in contrast to the amount of
      glucagon which remained statistically constant throughout the same foetal period.
      The identity of this PYY immunoreactive material with the original 36 amino acid
      porcine peptide has been shown by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).

PMID- 6384155
TI  - J.E. Purkyne's contributions to the physiology of the visual, the vestibular and
      the oculomotor systems.
AB  - J.E. Purkyne (1787-1869) was one of the leading physiologists in the first half
      of the 19th century, became the founder of the "exact subjectivism", and remained
      during his entire life a very careful observer in psychophysical experiments. He
      made moreover many important discoveries in anatomy, neuroanatomy, embryology and
      pharmacology. Despite his outstanding contributions to science, he remained in
      his general philosophy and feelings deeply attached to the Romantic spirit of the
      age. After Purkyne returned to Prague in 1849 he played an important role in his
      nation's search for a national identity and became a leading figure in the
      cultural and social life of Prague. Purkyne's contributions to the physiology of
      vision, the oculomotor and the vestibular systems are reviewed. In vision Purkyne
      discovered the Purkyne-tree, flicker patterns seen in diffuse light, moving light
      nebula in the Eigengrau, spatially patterned structures in pressure phosphenes,
      the antagonistic properties of Galvanic phosphenes with respect to current
      polarity, periodic afterimages, the Troxler effect for colour perception with the
      peripheral retina and the principle of the ophthalmoscope. The Purkyne-shift in
      chromatic sensitivity when the adaptation level shifts from scotopic to photopic
      vision was rediscovered by Purkyne. Purkyne was the first to describe the
      "Purkyne images" of the anterior and posterior surfaces of the cornea and the
      lens and the changes in the third Purkyne image when the eye accommodates. He
      described optokinetic nystagmus and optokinetic after-nystagmus and explained
      movement aftereffects as a habituation of the gaze motor system. Important
      contributions were made by Purkyne to the physiology of the vestibular system,
      but he did not propose the existence of peripheral receptors for this system. He
      believed that direct mechanical effects on certain parts of the brain (especially
      the cerebellum) are responsible for the mechanisms of vertigo. Purkyne's five
      categories of vertigo are still valid today (vertigo of motion, Galvanic vertigo,
      vertigo caused by general brain ischemia, height vertigo and vertigo caused by
      alcohol and other narcotics). Purkyne's contribution to sensory physiology can be
      considered as one of the essential foundations on which modern sensory physiology
      and psychophysics are built.

PMID- 6384154
TI  - Erasmus Darwin's observations on rotation and vertigo.

PMID- 6384156
TI  - E. Mach on the analysis of motion sensation.
AB  - Ernst Mach (1838-1916) in his many and widely read publications contributed to
      physics, physiology, and philosophy. His work on the analysis of motion sensation
      is discussed in the light of contemporary ideas and modern concepts of vestibular
      physiology.

PMID- 6384157
TI  - Helmholtz on eye movements.

PMID- 6384158
TI  - Differential radioprotection of normal tissues by hydrophilic chemical
      protectors.
AB  - Analogous to certain radiosensitizers which are too hydrophilic to enter tumor
      cells, certain radioprotectors, because of their hydrophilicity, may also be
      hindered from entering tumor cells and thus protect only normal tissues. In
      testing this hypothesis, we utilized thin layer chromatography as convenient
      means to measure radioprotector hydrophilicity. Dose reduction factors (DRF's)
      for hematopoietic radioprotection were determined in BALB/c mice given half
      maximum tolerated doses (MTD/2) of 11 radioprotectors 30 min prior to graded
      doses of gamma rays. DRF's for tumor protection were determined in MCa-11 tumor
      bearing mice using a regrowth delay assay. Differential radioprotection was found
      to be significantly correlated (r = 0.86) with hydrophilicity. Thus,
      radioprotector hydrophilicity appears to be a significant factor in the
      differential radioprotection observed and should be useful in designing or
      selecting better differential radioprotectors.

PMID- 6384159
TI  - Modification of chemotherapy by nitroimidazoles.
AB  - The potentiation of chemotherapeutic agents by radiation sensitizers has been
      extensively studied for several years. There is little doubt that the
      effectiveness of certain anti-cancer drugs, primarily alkylating agents, can
      readily be enhanced both in vitro and in vivo through the addition of a
      sensitizer. While enhanced effects have been observed in certain critical normal
      tissues, in general most animal model studies have demonstrated a therapeutic
      gain at large sensitizer doses. This approach to combination therapies therefore
      appears promising. Yet many questions concerning the interaction between
      chemotherapeutic agents and radiosensitizers, particularly in the area of
      mechanisms of action, still remain. This overview attempts to focus on some of
      these questions. Four aspects of modification of chemotherapy by nitroimidazoles
      are reviewed and discussed. These address the importance in chemopotentiation of
      i) hypoxia, ii) alterations in DNA damage and/or repair, iii) depletion of
      intracellular sulfhydryls and iv) modification of drug pharmacokinetics. It is
      concluded that: i) even though chemopotentiation can occur at intermediate oxygen
      levels, hypoxia ultimately plays a pivotal role, ii) no single unifying mechanism
      for chemopotentiation exists; alterations in drug pharmacokinetics, cellular SH
      levels and DNA damage/repair all are involved, the relative importance of each
      factor is dependent on the particular drug-sensitizer combination, iii) it is
      important to continue the evaluation of chemopotentiation under conditions
      mimicking clinically achievable sensitizer pharmacokinetics and iv) further
      investigations into more effective utilization of chemopotentiation are
      warranted.

PMID- 6384160
TI  - Radical irradiation and misonidazole for T2 grade III and T3 bladder cancer: 2
      year follow-up.
AB  - Patients with T2 grade III and T3 bladder cancer were treated in a Phase II trial
      of radical irradiation plus Misonidazole (MISO). Forty Gy in 2 Gy fractions (5
      per week) to the whole pelvis were followed by 12 Gy in 6 Gy fractions (1 per
      week) plus oral and intravesical MISO to a coned down volume. Twenty-two patients
      were treated and the results compared with historical controls. The cystoscopic
      complete tumor response between 6 and 12 months post therapy were 73 and 43%,
      respectively. The patient two year survival was 81 and 51%, respectively, and the
      patient 2 year survival with bladder preservation was 61 and 48%, respectively--4
      patients in the MISO study having undergone salvage cystectomy. Complications
      that may be radiation related in the MISO study are wound sepsis after salvage
      cystectomy in 2 patients, rectal stenosis requiring colostomy 16 months after
      salvage cystectomy in 1 patient and the development of a contracted bladder in 1
      patient with a history of prior extensive endoscopic therapy. No misonidazole
      neurotoxicity seen. These findings are being further evaluated in a prospective
      randomized trial.

PMID- 6384161
TI  - The treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancer with misonidazole,
      hyperbaric oxygen and irradiation: an interim report.
AB  - Thirty-one patients with advanced inoperable squamous carcinoma of the mouth were
      treated in a pilot study with misonidazole (2.0 gm/m2) with each of six fractions
      of 6.0 Gy in hyperbaric oxygen at 3 ATA. The one and two year disease free
      survival was 48 and 26%, respectively. A prospective randomized trial is now
      being conducted comparing this regimen with 63.0 Gy in 30 fractions in 38 days in
      air. One hundred-fourteen patients have been entered; 91 are available for
      analysis at six months or more. The preliminary results at 6 and 12 months favor
      the combination of sensitizers. There is no added toxicity.

PMID- 6384162
TI  - Is misonidazole neurotoxicity altered by the use of phenytoin and/or
      dexamethasone in RTOG 79-18 and RTOG 79-16?
AB  - An analysis of Misonidazole (MISO) neurotoxicity in RTOG 79-16 and RTOG 79-18 was
      undertaken to evaluate the incidence of neurotoxicity relative to dexamethasone
      dose and phenytoin use. MISO was administered as follows: 79-16 arm A, 1 gm/m2 5
      days a week for a total of 10 gm/m2 in 2 weeks; 79-16 arm B, 2 gm/m2 twice weekly
      for a total of 12 gm/m2 in 3 weeks; and 79-18, 2.5 gm/m2 once a week for a total
      of 15 gm/m2 in 6 weeks. Practically all patients were on dexamethasone, and 240
      out of 550 were on phenytoin for seizures. CNS toxicity and ototoxicity rates
      were no different between treatment groups with overall rates of 2.7 and 1.1%,
      respectively. Peripheral neuropathy (PN) was 5.1% in 79-16 arm A, 5.9% in 79-16
      arm B, and 8.7% in 79-18. Phenytoin did not significantly alter CNS and PN
      toxicity rates. All ototoxicities occurred in patients not on phenytoin. There
      was no correlation between dexamethasone dose and incidence of neurotoxicity
      within each study. However, the incidence of (PN) for the combined studies was
      6.4% (35/550) which is lower than 18.9% (85/449) for non-brain Phase III
      protocols where patients are rarely, if ever, on dexamethasone or other
      corticosteroids. Four hour and 24 hour plasma MISO levels, and 24 hour/4 hour
      MISO ratios did not correlate with toxicity.

PMID- 6384163
TI  - Aqueous humor cytology of pseudophakic bullous keratopathy.
AB  - The long-term effects of the interaction between an IOL and the immune system of
      the implanted patient are not yet clear. This study presents the results of
      aqueous humor (AH) cytological analysis of 51 patients undergoing intraocular
      surgery for cataract, and aphakic (ABK) or pseudophakic bullous keratopathy
      (PBK). Cataract AH was acellular (N = 8). The mean ABK AH cell count was 8.5 +/-
      6.4 cells per high power field (hpf) of cytologically filtered specimens; mean
      PBK cell count was 30.2 +/- 13.0. If inflamed eyes are defined as those with more
      than one cell/hpf, a statistically significant greater number of PBK eyes than
      ABK eyes were inflamed (93% versus 44%, P less than 0.003 chi square). More than
      99% of the nucleated cells were mononuclear histiocytes. One PBK patient had many
      multinucleated giant cells in the AH.

PMID- 6384164
TI  - Evolution of the posterior chamber intraocular lens.

PMID- 6384165
TI  - Medicare reimbursement.

PMID- 6384166
TI  - Cutting sutures and suture ends with the argon laser.

PMID- 6384168
TI  - Studies on the selectivity of action of colistin, colistin nonapeptide and
      colistin heptapeptide on the cell envelope of Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6384167
TI  - Biosynthesis of ketomycin.
AB  - The antibiotic ketomycin is formed from shikimic acid via chorismic acid and
      prephenic acid. Phenylalanine and 2',5'-dihydrophenylalanine are not
      intermediates in the biosynthesis. Degradation of ketomycin derived from [1,6
      14C]shikimic acid showed that prephenic acid is converted into ketomycin with
      stereospecific discrimination between the two enantiotopic edges of the ring, the
      pro-S-R edge giving rise to the C-2', C-3' side of the cyclohexene ring of
      ketomycin.

PMID- 6384169
TI  - Effects of a single injection of LHRH on the response of anestrous ewes to the
      introduction of rams.
AB  - Two methods of induction of ovulation were examined in Manchega ewes that were in
      postpartum anestrus during the nonbreeding season. The experiment was of 2 X 2 X
      3 factorial design. The methods compared were introduction of rams and this
      treatment plus an im injection of 50 micrograms luteinizing hormone releasing
      hormone (LHRH) at the time rams were introduced. Variations in response due to
      month of treatment (April, May or June) and interval from lambing to treatment
      (1, 2 or 3 mo) and their interactions with type of treatment were examined.
      Responses studied were proportions of ewes showing increases in plasma
      progesterone at (a) 10 d or (b) 17 or 24 d post-treatment, or lambing by 200 d
      post-treatment, and interval from treatment to lambing for ewes that did lamb by
      200 d. The formation of a corpus luteum was determined by concentrations of
      progesterone in plasma; a positive response was considered to be a concentration
      greater than .5 ng/ml (baseline values averaged .1 ng/ml). Overall, there was no
      benefit of LHRH above the response to introduction of males only, in any trait
      examined. There was a significant interaction of treatment with month of
      treatment on the proportion of ewes forming corpora lutea by 17 or 24 d after
      initiation of treatment. This proportion was lower in June (38 vs 66% in April
      and 82% in May) for ewes receiving LHRH, but did not differ among months (61 to
      68%) for ewes exposed to males only.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6384170
TI  - Receptor-dependent and independent degradation of insulin by isolated swine
      adipocytes at 37 C.
AB  - Insulin binding and degradation were measured at 37 C in isolated swine
      adipocytes. In preliminary experiments, binding decreased rapidly with increasing
      incubation time. This was associated with a marked increase in insulin
      degradation. Insulin binding was suppressed by some lots of bovine serum albumin
      (BSA), which suggests that some commercial preparations of BSA are contaminated
      with insulin-like molecules. In adipocyte suspensions, greater than 90% of the
      insulin degraded was due to a nonreceptor mediated process (i.e., insulin
      degrading activity present in the media). Despite the presence of insulin
      degrading activity in the media the cells were metabolically (as judged by
      lipogenic capacity and lactic dehydrogenase activity) and morphologically
      (greater than 98% excluded trypan blue) intact indicating that the cells were not
      leaking during the incubation. In subsequent experiments it was found that the
      specific step associated with transfer of cells during adipocyte isolation
      resulted in the release of insulin degrading activity. Implementation of a 30-min
      preincubation and washing sequence after adipocyte isolation removed the media
      insulin degrading activity, resulting in a marked reduction (approximately 70%)
      of insulin degradation by adipocyte suspensions. As a result of this
      modification, binding of tracer quantities of insulin attained steady-state
      binding conditions and maintained this for 2 h. These results demonstrate that
      techniques can be used to minimize nonreceptor mediated insulin degradation in
      adipocyte suspensions. As a result in vitro studies can be conducted that measure
      insulin binding and biological action in swine adipocytes at physiological
      temperatures.

PMID- 6384171
TI  - The effect of castration, estradiol and LHRH on LH secretion of lambs fed
      different levels of dietary energy.
AB  - To examine the effect of diet on luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, basal and
      luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH)-induced LH release was compared in
      intact or castrated-estradiol-17 beta implanted Finn-Dorset lambs. Ten to 12 wk
      old ram (n = 20) and ewe lambs (n = 20) were maintained under a 8L:16D
      photoperiod and fed for high (HG, 163 to 168 g/d) or low (LG, 76 to 103 g/d)
      rates of gain. Eight to 10 wk later, baseline LH concentrations were determined
      in blood samples collected at 20 min intervals for 7 h. The following day, lambs
      were given an iv injection of 5 micrograms of estradiol-17 beta followed within 4
      h by LHRH (.5 or 2.5 micrograms). Baseline concentrations of LH for HG ewes were
      threefold greater than for LG ewes (4.2 vs 1.4 ng/ml), respectively. Time to peak
      response was inversely related to dietary energy level (P less than .025). Basal
      LH levels were similar across diets in rams. Total LH release following LHRH was
      dose-dependent (P less than .005). Effects of gonadal feedback were tested in a
      second group (n = 24) of castrated lambs. Changes in LH secretion were not
      different between diets within 3 to 4 wk after castration. A subcutaneous
      silastic implant (22 mm) of estradiol-17 beta inhibited (P less than .01) LH
      concentrations across diets in both ewes and rams. No differences in estradiol
      feedback on LH secretion (at the dose of steroid tested) were detected between HG
      and LG lambs. Within 8 d, however, basal LH concentrations were 60% lower (P less
      than .01) in HG vs LG ewes. Furthermore, peak LHRH-induced LH release was greater
      (P less than .025) in LG vs HG lambs of both sexes. Estradiol inhibited basal LH
      secretion in ewes and rams but facilitated LH release in lambs with a reduced
      rate of gain.

PMID- 6384172
TI  - Endocrine regulation of fetal and postnatal meat animal growth.
AB  - Evidence is discussed which indicates that nutrient partitioning between muscle
      and adipose tissue can be altered by growth hormone administration in meat
      animals. In the limited number of studies conducted with meat animals, growth
      rate, feed efficiency and carcass composition were improved by growth hormone
      administration. When insulin was administered to normally growing swine no
      improvement in growth performance was observed. The mechanisms by which growth
      hormone affects growth performance are not clear but considerable data from
      rodent studies exist to indicate that many of the growth promoting effects of
      this hormone are due to somatomedins. However, few data are available for meat
      animals to indicate whether the growth promoting effects of growth hormone are
      mediated by somatomedins. Knowledge about the mechanisms that regulate growth
      hormone synthesis, secretion and biological action is accumulating. It is
      apparent that growth hormone administration induces an insulin-resistant state in
      rodents and meat animals. It is not clear whether chronic growth hormone
      administration in meat animals induces a growth hormone resistant state. Based on
      the available information, manipulation of systemic hormone concentrations
      and(or) tissue sensitivity to hormones involved in growth and differentiation may
      result in means to manipulate fetal and postnatal growth and development.

PMID- 6384173
TI  - Antibiotic sensitivities of urinary pathogens, 1971-82.
AB  - All urinary pathogens from general practice and from hospital have been tested
      for sensitivity to a range of antimicrobial drugs for the last 12 years. During
      that period there have been marked changes. In general practice there has been a
      marked increase in the proportion of staphylococcal infections, from 5.1% to
      14.8%, and a noticeable decrease in the proportion caused by Proteus mirabilis,
      from 9.2% to 4.1%. Similar, but smaller, changes have been seen in the
      proportions of hospital UTI caused by those organisms, while the proportion of
      hospital infections due to Klebsiella-Enterobacter spp. has fallen from 16.8% to
      8.3%. These, and other, changes have been reflected in changing antibiotic
      sensitivity patterns. In particular, sensitivity of urinary pathogens to
      ampicillin/amoxycillin and to cephaloridine has continued to fall both in general
      practice and in hospital. In general practice UTI nalidixic acid-resistance is
      becoming more important as the proportion of Gram-positive urinary pathogens
      increases. There has been little change in sensitivity to trimethoprim or co
      trimoxazole over the last 12 years.

PMID- 6384174
TI  - Antibacterial activities of nitrothiazole derivatives.
AB  - A new group of chemical agents with pronounced antibacterial activities is
      presented. Different nitrothiazole derivatives, but not all, exhibit
      antibacterial activities similar to that of niridazole (AmbilharR), a
      nitrothiazolyl-imidazolidinone. Certain aerobic bacteria are moderately
      susceptible to these agents. The efficacy of these agents is almost comparable to
      that of ampicillin and tetracyline. It is much better than the efficacy of
      nitrofuran derivatives, the nitroimidazole derivatives being inactive. The mode
      of action of the nitrothiazole derivatives is bactericidal. Against anaerobic
      bacteria the nitrothiazole derivatives are unique, since the extremely low MIC's
      are not approached by any other of the nitro-compounds nor by any other of the
      common antibiotics tested, such as clindamycin, ampicillin and tetracycline. It
      is suggested that the nitrogroup of the nitrothiazole ring moiety represents the
      chemical structure responsible for their excellent antibacterial activities.

PMID- 6384175
TI  - Pefloxacin in rabbits: protein binding, extravascular diffusion, urinary
      excretion and bactericidal effect in experimental endocarditis.
AB  - The serum protein binding, extravascular diffusion and urinary excretion of
      pefloxacin were studied in rabbits. The effect of furosemide on the urinary
      excretion of pefloxacin was investigated. In an experimental model of Escherichia
      coli endocarditis, diffusion into heart valves and infected vegetations and
      bactericidal effect of pefloxacin were also studied. We observed a serum protein
      binding of 25%. Extravascular concentrations found were within the range of the
      minimal inhibitory concentrations for most susceptible strains. Pefloxacin
      appeared to be reabsorbed by renal tubules (fractional excretion: 61 +/- 21%).
      Furosemide significantly increased the renal excretion of pefloxacin through a
      tubular process. We observed a good penetration of pefloxacin into normal heart
      valves and infected vegetations. Pefloxacin reduced the colony counts in infected
      vegetations after seven im injections of the drug (given as 15 mg/kg/12 h).

PMID- 6384176
TI  - Expression of kinase-dependent glucose uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - There are both low- and high-affinity mechanisms for uptake of glucose in
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae; high-affinity uptake somehow depends on the presence of
      hexose kinases (L. F. Bisson and D. G. Fraenkel, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
      80:1730-1734, 1983; L. F. Bisson and D. G. Fraenkel, J. Bacteriol. 155:995-1000,
      1983). We report here on the effect of culture conditions on the level of high
      affinity uptake. The high-affinity component was low during growth in high
      concentrations of glucose (100 mM), increased as glucose was exhausted from the
      medium, and decreased again during prolonged incubation in the stationary phase.
      The higher level of uptake was found in growth on low concentrations of glucose
      (0.5 mM) and in growth on normal concentrations of galactose, lactate plus
      glycerol, or ethanol. These results suggest that some component of high-affinity
      uptake is repressible by glucose. A shift from medium with 100 mM glucose to
      medium with 5 mM glucose resulted in up to a 10-fold increase in the level of
      high-affinity uptake within 90 min; the increase did not occur in the presence of
      cycloheximide or 2,4-dinitrophenol or in buffer alone with low glucose,
      suggesting that protein synthesis or energy metabolism (or both) was required.
      Reimposition of the high glucose concentration caused loss of high-affinity
      uptake, a process not prevented by cycloheximide. The use of hexokinase single
      gene mutants showed that the derepression of high-affinity uptake was not clearly
      correlated with changes in levels of the kinases themselves. These results place
      the phenomenon of high- and low-affinity uptake in a physiological context, in
      that high-affinity uptake seems to be expressed best in conditions where it might
      be needed. Apparent similarities between glucose uptake in yeast and animal cells
      are noted.

PMID- 6384177
TI  - Replacement of the fip gene of Escherichia coli by an inactive gene cloned on a
      plasmid.
AB  - To determine whether the fip gene of Escherichia coli, which is required for
      filamentous phage assembly, is required for cell viability, we replaced the
      chromosomal copy of the gene with an inactive copy introduced on a plasmid. We
      found that the fip gene is dispensable. The method we devised, which should be
      generally useful, was also tested with an inactivated rho gene. As expected, the
      rho gene is essential.

PMID- 6384178
TI  - Outer membrane protein NmpC of Escherichia coli: pore-forming properties in black
      lipid bilayers.
AB  - The purified NmpC outer membrane protein from Escherichia coli, when incorporated
      into planar lipid bilayers, gave rise to channels with a single-channel
      conductance of 1.8 nS in 1 M KCl. This suggests that the NmpC protein is a porin.

PMID- 6384179
TI  - Excretion of unassembled flagellin by Salmonella typhimurium mutants deficient in
      hook-associated proteins.
AB  - Of the flagellar filamentless mutants of Salmonella typhimurium, the flaV, flaU,
      and flaW mutants, which are defective in hook-associated proteins, synthesized
      flagellin molecules, but flagella did not polymerize at the tips of the mutant
      hooks and were excreted into the culture medium as intact monomers.

PMID- 6384180
TI  - Convenient transduction of recA with bacteriophage T4GT7.
AB  - The generalized transducing phage T4GT7 grew well on recA strains of Escherichia
      coli and transduced recA into F- and Hfr strains of E. coli at high frequency.

PMID- 6384182
TI  - Map locations and functions of Salmonella typhimurium men genes.
AB  - Menaquinone (men) mutants of Salmonella typhimurium isolated on the basis of
      their inability to produce trimethylamine were characterized with respect to
      mutation site, the ability to cross-feed each other and be cross-fed by known
      Escherichia coli men mutants, and response to intermediates of the menaquinone
      biosynthetic pathway. Cross-feeding tests were based on the requirement of
      menaquinone for hydrogen sulfide production. Genotypes corresponding to the menA,
      B, C, D, and possibly E genes described in E. coli were all identified.
      Additional studies of deletions in the menBCD area revealed that this cluster
      lies between ack/pta and glpT, as in E. coli. The ack and pta mutants were also
      defective in the production of trimethylamine and failed to produce gas in the
      absence of added formate.

PMID- 6384181
TI  - Intergeneric homology of the speC gene encoding biosynthetic ornithine
      decarboxylase in Escherichia coli.
AB  - A 32P-labeled fragment of DNA containing the speC gene, which encodes the
      biosynthetic enzyme ornithine decarboxylase of Escherichia coli, was used as a
      hybridization probe for homologous sequences in the genomes of gram-negative and
      gram-positive bacteria. The speC probe detected homologous sequences in the DNA
      of only four members of the Enterobacteriaceae (Citrobacter freundii, Salmonella
      typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter aerogenes); no homology was
      detected with the DNA of other representative members of the Enterobacteriaceae
      and gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.

PMID- 6384183
TI  - Some properties of the nickel-containing hydrogenase of chemolithotrophically
      grown Rhizobium japonicum.
AB  - The uptake hydrogenase of chemolithotrophically grown Rhizobium japonicum was
      purified to apparent homogeneity with a final specific activity of 69 mumol of H2
      oxidized per min per mg of protein. The procedure included Triton extraction of
      broken membranes and DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-200 chromatographies. The
      purified protein contained two polypeptides separable only by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. They comigrated on native
      polyacrylamide gels and sucrose density gradients. The molecular weights were ca.
      60,000 and 30,000. Densitometric scans of the sodium dodecyl sulfate gels
      indicated a molar ratio of 1.03 +/- 0.03. Antiserum was developed against the 60
      kilodalton polypeptide for use in hydrogenase detection by an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay. The antiserum did not cross-react with the 30-kilodalton
      polypeptide. Native gel electrophoresis of Triton-extracted cells grown in the
      presence of 63Ni showed comigration of the hydrogenase and radioactive Ni.

PMID- 6384185
TI  - Heterogeneity of lipid A: comparison of lipid A types from different gram
      negative bacteria.
AB  - Chloroform-soluble purified lipid A preparations from 10 sources, including five
      Escherichia coli strains (EH100, K-12, O127, O111, RCDC), two Salmonella strains
      (Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella minnesota R595), Shigella sonnei II, and a
      hybrid of Shigella flexneri and E. coli K-12, were compared with lipid A from S.
      flexneri. Purified lipid A from S. flexneri was earlier found to be composed of
      eight fractions. The various lipid A preparations were assayed by thin-layer
      chromatography. Chromatograms were stained for phosphate or carbohydrate by
      molybdenum blue or orcinol, respectively. The number of major bands found for
      each lipid A preparation varied between 7 and 10, depending on the source.
      Comparable bands, based on Rf, were found among all of the different lipid A
      preparations, but the quantity of each band varied between the sources of lipid
      A. Four bands (designated 2, 3, 7, and 8) were abundant in every preparation.
      Variations of conditions used for preparing lipid A, such as changing of
      hydrolysis time, did not affect the appearance of lipid A on thin-layer
      chromatography. Change in the type of acid used for hydrolysis also did not
      affect the band pattern, but it did change the quantitative amounts of the
      various bands to some degree.

PMID- 6384184
TI  - Biosynthesis of iron-molybdenum cofactor in the absence of nitrogenase.
AB  - Klebsiella pneumoniae accumulates molybdenum during nitrogenase derepression. The
      molybdenum is primarily in nitrogenase component I in the form of iron-molybdenum
      cofactor (FeMo-co). Mutations in any of three genes (nifB, nifN, and nifE)
      involved in the biosynthesis of FeMo-co resulted in very low molybdenum
      accumulation and in a molybdenum-free nitrogenase component I. A mutant lacking
      both subunits of nitrogenase component I accumulated 60% of the amount of
      molybdenum present in the wild type. The molybdenum was in protein-bound form and
      behaved differently than that in the wild type with respect to electrophoretic
      mobility, size, and extractability by organic solvents. Two forms of molybdenum
      could be extracted from the protein fraction of the mutant; one of them was not
      detected in the wild type, and the other behaved like FeMo-co in nonaqueous gel
      filtration chromatography. Crude extracts of this mutant were able to complement
      in vitro K. pneumoniae or Azotobacter vinelandii mutants unable to produce FeMo
      co. These data show that biosynthesis of FeMo-co does not require the presence of
      nitrogenase component I. In its absence, FeMo-co is accumulated on a different
      protein, presumably an intermediate in the normal FeMo-co biosynthetic pathway.

PMID- 6384186
TI  - Shrinkage of growing Escherichia coli cells by osmotic challenge.
AB  - The immediate response of growing Escherichia coli to changing external osmotic
      pressure was studied with stopped-flow turbidimetric measurements with a narrow
      beam spectrophotometer. It is shown theoretically that in such a photometer rod
      shaped bacteria have an apparent absorbance which is proportional to the inverse
      of the surface area. The apparent optical density, corrected for effects of
      alteration of the index of refraction of the medium, increased continuously as
      the external osmotic pressure was raised. Because of the short time scale of the
      measurements, the turbidity increases could result either from shrinkage of the
      cells or from plasmolysis, or both, but not from growth or metabolic adaptation.
      With low concentrations of pentose such that the external osmotic pressure was
      not greater than that inside the cells, plasmolysis would not occur and,
      consequently, only shrinkage of the previously stretched sacculus remains to
      account for the observed optical effects. Taking the osmotic pressure of the
      growing cells as 5 atmospheres (506 kPa), the turbidity changes correspond to the
      murein fabric having been stretched 20% beyond its unstressed equilibrium area
      during growth under the conditions used.

PMID- 6384187
TI  - Dual system for potassium transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - In a newly formulated growth medium lacking Na+ and NH4+, Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae grew maximally at 5 microM K+. Cells grown under these conditions
      transported K+ with an apparent Km of 24 microM, whereas cells grown in customary
      high-K+ medium had a significantly higher Km (2 mM K+). The two types of
      transport also differed in carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone sensitivity,
      response to ATP depletion, and temperature dependence. The results can be
      accounted for either by two transport systems or by one system operating in two
      different ways.

PMID- 6384188
TI  - Purification and properties of D-mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase and D
      glucitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli.
AB  - D-Mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.17) and D-glucitol-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.140) were purified to apparent homogeneity in good yields
      from Escherichia coli. The amino acid compositions, N-terminal amino acid
      sequences, sensitivities to chemical reagents, and catalytic properties of the
      two enzymes were determined. Both enzymes showed absolute specificities for their
      substrates. The subunit molecular weights of mannitol-1-phosphate and glucitol-6
      phosphate dehydrogenases were 40,000 and 26,000, respectively; the apparent
      molecular weights of the native proteins, determined by gel filtration, were
      40,000 and 117,000, respectively. It is therefore concluded that whereas mannitol
      1-phosphate dehydrogenase is a monomer, glucitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is
      probably a tetramer. These two proteins differed in several fundamental respects.

PMID- 6384189
TI  - Hydrogenase activity in Azospirillum brasilense is inhibited by nitrite, nitric
      oxide, carbon monoxide, and acetylene.
AB  - Nitrite, NO, CO, and C2H2 inhibited O2-dependent H2 uptake (H3H oxidation) in
      denitrifying Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 grown anaerobically on N2O or NO3-. The
      apparent Ki values for inhibition of O2-dependent H2 uptake were 20 microM for
      NO2-, 0.4 microM for NO, 28 microM for CO, and 88 microM for C2H2. These
      inhibitors also affected methylene blue-dependent H2 uptake, presumably by acting
      directly on the hydrogenase. Nitrite and NO inhibited H2 uptake irreversibly,
      whereas inhibition due to CO was easily reversed by repeatedly evacuating and
      backfilling with N2. The C2H2 inhibition was not readily reversed, partly due to
      difficulty in removing the last traces of this gas from solution. The NO2-
      inhibition of malate-dependent respiration was readily reversed by repeatedly
      washing the cells, in contrast to the effect of NO2- on H2-dependent respiration.
      These results suggest that the low hydrogenase activities observed in NO3(-)
      grown cultures of A. brasilense may be due to the irreversible inhibition of
      hydrogenase by NO2- and NO produced by NO3- reduction.

PMID- 6384190
TI  - Induction of superoxide dismutases in Escherichia coli by manganese and iron.
AB  - Growth of Escherichia coli B in simple media enriched with Mn(II) resulted in the
      elevation of the manganese-containing superoxide dismutase, whereas growth in
      such medium enriched with iron caused increased content of the iron-containing
      superoxide dismutase. Enrichment of the medium with Co(II), Cu(II), Mo(VI),
      Zn(II), or Ni(II) had no effect. The inductions of superoxide dismutase by Mn(II)
      or by Fe(II) were dioxygen dependent, but these metals did not affect the CN- 
      resistant respiration of E. coli B and did not influence the increase in the CN- 
      resistant respiration caused by paraquat. Mn(II) and paraquat acted
      synergistically in elevating the superoxide dismutase content, and Mn(II) reduced
      the growth inhibition imposed by paraquat, E. coli grown in the complex 3%
      Trypticase soy broth (BBL Microbiology Systems)-0.5% yeast extract-0.2% glucose
      medium contained more superoxide dismutase than did cells grown in the simple
      media and were less responsive to enrichment of the medium with Mn(II) or Fe(II).
      Nevertheless, in the presence of paraquat, inductions of superoxide dismutase by
      these metals could be seen even in the Trypticase-yeast extract-glucose medium.
      On the basis of these observations we propose that the apo-superoxide dismutases
      may act as autogenous repressors and that Mn(II) and Fe(II) increase the cell
      content of the corresponding enzymes by speeding the conversion of the apo- to
      the holoenzymes.

PMID- 6384191
TI  - Legionella pneumophila surface antigens cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli
      are translocated to the host cell surface and interact with specific anti
      Legionella antibodies.
AB  - Escherichia coli clones that express Legionella pneumophila antigens were
      isolated from a plasmid genomic library, and their antigens were characterized by
      immunoblotting with rabbit anti-L. pneumophila sera. Because previous studies of
      L. pneumophila antigens by whole-cell radioimmunoprecipitation suggested that
      comigrating native antigens were surface localized, we conducted experiments to
      determine if the cloned antigens were surface expressed in E. coli. Aliquots of
      antisera were absorbed by intact cells of three representative antigen-producing
      E. coli clones, and surface-bound antibodies were acid eluted from the intact
      cells. Immunoblots made with selectively absorbed antisera and eluted antibodies
      confirmed that reactivity to the homologous cloned antigens could be specifically
      absorbed from the antisera and then eluted from the cells, demonstrating a
      surface (antibody-accessible) localization in the cloned state. Antibodies eluted
      from the surface of an E. coli clone that expressed a 19-kilodalton antigen
      reacted with the surface of L. pneumophila in a liquid-phase, whole-cell enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, intact cells of this clone were used in
      an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect serum antibody. E. coli cells that
      express foreign antigens on their surfaces can be used to develop antigen
      specific immunoassays and to affinity purify monospecific antibodies.

PMID- 6384192
TI  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae aldolase mutants.
AB  - Six mutants lacking the glycolytic enzyme fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase have
      been isolated in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by inositol starvation. The
      mutants grown on gluconeogenic substrates, such as glycerol or alcohol, and show
      growth inhibition by glucose and related sugars. The mutations are recessive,
      segregate as one gene in crosses, and fall in a single complementation group. All
      of the mutants synthesize an antigen cross-reacting to the antibody raised
      against yeast aldolase. The aldolase activity in various mutant alleles measured
      as fructose 1,6-bisphosphate cleavage is between 1 to 2% and as condensation of
      triose phosphates to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is 2 to 5% that of the wild-type.
      The mutants accumulate fructose 1,6-bisphosphate from glucose during glycolysis
      and dihydroxyacetone phosphate during gluconeogenesis. This suggests that the
      aldolase activity is absent in vivo.

PMID- 6384193
TI  - Modification of UV-induced mutation frequency and cell survival of Escherichia
      coli B/r WP2 trpE65 by treatment before irradiation.
AB  - The UV radiation survival curve of exponentially growing cultures of Escherichia
      coli B/r WP2 trpE65 was modified by pretreatment for short incubation periods (up
      to 20 min) with chloramphenicol such that an extended exponential section of
      intermediate slope appeared between the shoulder and the final exponential slope.
      Surges of mutation to tryptophan independence occurred with each increase in
      slope of the survival curve. These surges were separated by extended sections of
      little mutation. Nalidixic acid prevented both the changes in survival and
      mutation. Mutation curves obtained with overnight cultures had three extended
      sections of little mutation alternating with sections of high mutation.
      Reincubation for 60 min in fresh medium reduced or eliminated the low-response
      sections. These reappeared after 80 to 90 min, when DNA had doubled in the
      culture and before the initial synchronous cell divisions had occurred. Nalidixic
      acid prevented this reappearance.

PMID- 6384194
TI  - Cell wall receptor for bacteriophage Mu G(+).
AB  - The invertible G segment in phage Mu DNA controls the host range of the phage.
      Depending on the orientation of the G segment, two types of phage particles, G(+)
      and G(-), are produced which recognize different cell surface receptors. The
      receptor for Mu G(+) was located in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of gram-negative
      bacteria. The analysis of different LPS core types and of mutants that were made
      resistant to Mu G(+) shows that the primary receptor site on Escherichia coli K
      12 lies in the GlcNAc beta 1 . . . 6Glc alpha 1-2Glc alpha 1-part at the outer
      end of the LPS. Mu shares this receptor site in E. coli K-12 with the unrelated
      single-stranded DNA phage St-1. Phage D108, which is related to Mu, and phages P1
      and P7, which are unrelated to Mu but contain a homologous invertible DNA
      segment, have different receptor requirements. Since they also bind to terminal
      glucose in a different configuration, they adsorb to and infect E. coli K-12
      strains with an incomplete LPS core.

PMID- 6384195
TI  - Permeability changes in the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli K-12 early
      after infection with bacteriophage T1.
AB  - The nature of the bacteriophage T1-induced changes in the permeability of the
      cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli K-12 was investigated. At 20 degrees C
      and with glucose as a substrate, the addition of one bacteriophage per cell
      induced a complete and irreversible loss of K+ ions (single-hit phenomenon). K+
      loss was compensated by an uptake of Na+, Li+, or choline by the cell, depending
      on which of these ions was the major cation in the medium. T1 depolarized the
      cells and inhibited 86Rb+-K+ exchange across the cytoplasmic membrane. The loss
      of K+ occurred independently of the Mg2+ concentration in the medium. By
      contrast, at low but not at high Mg2+ concentrations, T1 caused efflux of Mg2+
      which in turn caused inhibition of respiration and a decrease of delta pH.

PMID- 6384197
TI  - Role of IIIGlc of the phosphoenolpyruvate-glucose phosphotransferase system in
      inducer exclusion in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The phosphoenolpyruvate-D-glucose phosphotransferase system of Enterobacteriaceae
      is thought to regulate the synthesis and activity of a number of catabolite
      uptake systems, including those for maltose, lactose, and glycerol, via the
      phosphorylation state of one of its components, IIIGlc. We have investigated the
      proposal by Kornberg and co-workers (FEBS Lett. 117(Suppl.):K28-K36, 1980) that
      not IIIGlc, but an unknown protein, the product of the iex gene, is responsible
      for the exclusion of the above-mentioned compounds from the cell. The iex mutant
      HK738 of Escherichia coli contains normal amounts of IIIGlc as measured by
      specific antibodies, in contrast to crr mutants that lack IIIGlc. The IIIGlc of
      the iex strain functions normally in glucose and methyl alpha-glucoside
      transport, and the specific activity in in vitro phosphorylation is approximately
      60% of that of the parent. The IIIGlc activity of the iex strain is, however,
      heat labile, in contrast to the parental IIIGlc, suggesting that the mutant
      contains an altered IIIGlc. This is supported by the observation that IIIGlc from
      the iex strain cannot bind to the lactose carrier. Thus it cannot inhibit the
      carrier, and this explains why the uptake of non-phosphotransferase system
      compounds in an iex strain is resistant to phosphotransferase system sugars. The
      introduction of a plasmid containing a wild-type crr+ allele into the iex strain
      restores the iex phenotype to that of the iex+ parent. The IIIGlc produced from
      the plasmid in the iex strain is heat stable and binds normally to the lactose
      carrier. These results lead to the conclusion that the iex mutation is most
      likely allelic with crr and results in an altered, temperature-sensitive IIIGlc
      that is still able to function D-glucose and methyl alpha-glucoside uptake and
      phosphorylation and in the activation of adenylate cyclase, but is unable to bind
      to and inhibit the lactose carrier.

PMID- 6384198
TI  - Escherichia coli mutants with altered cation recognition by the melibiose
      carrier.
AB  - Revertants that showed normal cation recognition for melibiose transport were
      isolated from mutants with altered cation recognition (W3133-2S and W3133-2T) of
      Escherichia coli. Although the original two mutants possessed a second
      alteration, an increased activity of the Na+(Li+)/H+ antiporter, the revertants,
      which possessed the normal melibiose carrier, still showed altered properties of
      the Na+(Li+)/H+ antiporter. These results support the view that the alterations
      in the melibiose carrier and in the Na+(Li+)/H+ antiporter, observed in the
      mutants, are not genetically linked.

PMID- 6384196
TI  - Increased permeability and subsequent resealing of the host cell membrane early
      after infection of Escherichia coli with bacteriophage T1.
AB  - The addition of T1 to cells growing at 37 degrees C in a minimal medium at 0.4 mM
      Mg2+ rapidly induced an irreversible loss of K+ and Mg2+ and uptake of Na+ by the
      cells. Both the ATP pool of the cells and the transmembrane proton motive force
      were reduced. These cells did not lyse from within, since viral DNA replication
      and the maturation of the 36,000-molecular-weight phage head protein were
      inhibited. By contrast, cells lysed when infected at 5.4 mM Mg2+. In these cells,
      T1 initially induced K+ efflux and Na+ influx and lowered the cytoplasmic ATP
      concentration. After a few minutes, the cation gradients and ATP pool were
      restored to levels close to that of control cells. At 5.4 mM Mg2+, the shutoff of
      host protein synthesis was delayed and coincided with the restoration of the ATP
      pool. In an ATP synthase-negative mutant, infection with T1 did not affect the
      cytoplasmic ATP concentration but inhibited host protein synthesis with the same
      rate as it did in wild-type cells.

PMID- 6384199
TI  - Coordinate expression of hydrogenase and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase in
      Rhizobium japonicum Hupc mutants.
AB  - In contrast to the wild type, H2 uptake-constitutive mutants of Rhizobium
      japonicum expressed both hydrogenase and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase
      activities when grown heterotrophically. However, as bacteroids from soybean root
      nodules, the H2 uptake-constitutive mutants, like the wild type, did not express
      ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase activity.

PMID- 6384200
TI  - Isolation of pigmented and nonpigmented mutants of Serratia marcescens with
      reduced cell surface hydrophobicity.
AB  - Enrichment for nonhydrophobic mutants of Serratia marcescens yielded two types:
      (i) a nonpigmented mutant which exhibited partial hydrophobic characteristics
      compared with the wild type, as determined by adherence to hexadecane and
      polystyrene; and (ii) a pigmented, nonhydrophobic mutant whose colonies were
      translucent with respect to those of the wild type. The data suggest that the
      pronounced cell surface hydrophobicity of the wild type is mediated by a
      combination of several surface factors.

PMID- 6384201
TI  - Mobilization of a Sym plasmid from a fast-growing cowpea Rhizobium strain.
AB  - A large Sym plasmid from a fast-growing cowpea Rhizobium species was made
      mobilizable by cointegration with plasmid pSUP1011, which carries the oriT region
      of RP4. This mobilizable Sym plasmid was transferred to a number of Rhizobium
      strains, in which nodulation and nitrogen fixation functions for symbiosis with
      plants of the cowpea group were expressed.

PMID- 6384203
TI  - Fluoxetine in depressed patients: a comparison with imipramine.
AB  - The clinical efficacy and safety of fluoxetine and imipramine were compared in a
      double-blind, 5-week, parallel study in 40 depressed outpatients. Mean scores for
      most depression scales improved more in patients taking fluoxetine than in those
      receiving imipramine (p less than .05). Nine of 16 (56%) fluoxetine patients who
      completed the study and 1 of 19 (5%) imipramine patients were not at all
      depressed at the end of the study (p less than .001). Seven fluoxetine patients
      and 14 imipramine patients reported one or more adverse effects during treatment;
      no fluoxetine patient terminated the study early for drug-related reasons. It was
      concluded that fluoxetine provides effective antidepressant activity with fewer
      and less troublesome side effects than imipramine.

PMID- 6384204
TI  - Antidepressant treatment of bulimia.

PMID- 6384202
TI  - Secretion can proceed uncoupled from net plasma membrane expansion in inositol
      starved Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Secretion of acid phosphatase and invertase was examined in an inositol-requiring
      ino1 mutant of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Inositol starvation is known
      to block plasma membrane expansion, presumably due to restricted membrane
      phospholipid synthesis. If membrane expansion and extracellular protein secretion
      are accomplished by the same intracellular transport process, one would expect
      secretion to fail coordinately with cessation of plasma membrane growth in
      inositol-starved cells. In glucose-grown, inositol-starved cells, plasma membrane
      expansion and acid phosphatase secretion stopped coordinately, and intracellular
      acid phosphatase accumulated. In sucrose-grown, inositol-starved cells, plasma
      membrane growth halted, but secretion of both acid phosphatase and invertase
      continued until the onset of inositol-less death. Although glucose-grown and
      sucrose-grown cells differ in their ability to secrete when deprived of inositol,
      they exhibited the same disturbances in phospholipid synthesis.
      Phosphatidylinositol synthesis failed, and its precursors phosphatidic acid and
      CDP-diglyceride accumulated equally in both cultures. Sucrose-grown yeast cells
      appear to accomplish normal levels of extracellular protein secretion by an
      inositol-independent mechanism. In glucose-grown yeasts, both plasma membrane
      expansion and secretion are inositol dependent.

PMID- 6384205
TI  - Use of desipramine in depressed inpatients.
AB  - Studies of desipramine in depressed inpatients are reviewed and indications for
      the use of the drug in clinical practice, as well as selection of patients for
      research, are discussed. The relationship between plasma desipramine
      concentrations and response is examined in melancholic and elderly patients, and
      in those with delusional depression. Major adverse reactions and subjective
      complaints during studies of desipramine treatment are reviewed. Few side effects
      were associated with elevated plasma desipramine levels. The clinical
      significance of 2-OH-desipramine levels was studied, but measurement of this
      metabolite did not enhance understanding of the drug's effects. A new technique
      for rapid dose adjustment is presented, for which desipramine appears to be
      particularly well suited.

PMID- 6384207
TI  - Desipramine: an overview.
AB  - It is proposed that factors including a long "track record," perceived lack of
      anticholinergic effects, suggestions of earlier onset of action, and the concept
      of noradrenergic specificity have contributed to the widespread clinical use of
      desipramine. Recent studies bearing on these clinical beliefs are reviewed, with
      a focus on desipramine side effects, specificity, and speed of onset as compared
      to other tricyclics and to new generation antidepressants.

PMID- 6384206
TI  - Treatment of outpatients with desipramine.
AB  - Marginal differences in adverse effects become the basis of selection among
      equally effective drugs, especially in outpatient treatment. Desipramine's side
      effect profile makes it a particularly acceptable drug for the outpatient
      treatment of depression or depression with panic attacks. Relevant aspects of
      desipramine's pharmacologic properties and of prescribing practices are reviewed.

PMID- 6384208
TI  - Relationship of desipramine plasma levels to therapeutic response: a critical
      reappraisal of the data.
AB  - The literature on the relationship between desipramine plasma levels and
      therapeutic response is reviewed. Although no clear pattern has emerged from the
      available studies, the data suggest that plasma levels of 125 ng/ml should be
      attained before moderately to severely ill patients are considered nonresponsive
      to desipramine. An upper therapeutic plasma level of 170 ng/ml may exist for
      patients with less severe illness. Future studies should control for severity of
      illness in assessing dose-response relationships.

PMID- 6384209
TI  - Conformation-dependent proteolysis of smooth-muscle myosin.
AB  - The folded 10 S conformation of turkey gizzard myosin is more resistant to
      proteolysis by papain than the extended 6 S conformation. These findings confirm
      those of Onishi and Watanabe (Onishi, H., and Watanabe, S. (1984) J. Biochem.
      (Tokyo) 95, 899-902). In addition, we suggest that the effect of phosphorylation
      on heavy-chain digestion by papain is related to the dependence of conformation
      on phosphorylation and not to a direct effect of phosphorylation itself.
      Proteolysis by Staphylococcus aureus protease and trypsin also is slower for 10 S
      compared to the 6 S conformation. Heavy chain hydrolysis by alpha-chymotrypsin is
      not dependent on myosin conformation. Filamentous myosin and heavy meromyosin are
      more resistant to papain proteolysis in the dephosphorylated compared to the
      phosphorylated states. The different sensitivities to proteolysis probably are
      caused by changes in the subfragment 1-subfragment 2 region of the molecule
      rather than at the heavy meromyosin-light meromyosin junction. These changes are
      induced as part of the 6 S-10 S transition and occur in monomeric and filamentous
      myosin and in heavy meromyosin. These more subtle alterations in the head-neck
      junctions of the molecule may be more important in modifying myosin enzymatic
      activity than the actual interaction of the tail and neck regions of the
      molecule.

PMID- 6384210
TI  - Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. Evidence for spatially distinct subunit
      domains obtained by scanning transmission electron microscopy and limited
      proteolysis.
AB  - Scanning transmission electron microscopy of individual unfixed molecules of
      methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase has been used to determine the molecular mass
      distribution of the protein. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, which has a
      subunit molecular mass of 77 kilodaltons, was found to exist predominantly as a
      dimer with an apparent molecular mass of 136 +/- 29 kilodaltons. The mass
      distribution of the enzyme molecules was unchanged in the presence of the
      allosteric inhibitor S-adenosylmethionine. Examination of negatively stained
      protein molecules suggested that each subunit of the dimer consists of two
      globular domains of approximately equal size. Limited proteolysis of the enzyme
      by trypsin gave results which were entirely consistent with the presence of two
      domains per subunit. In the presence of 1% trypsin, the enzyme was cleaved into
      two fragments. The masses of these fragments were 39 and 36 kilodaltons as
      assessed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl
      sulfate. Tryptic cleavage did not lead to loss of NADPH-menadione or NADPH
      methylenetetrahydrofolate oxidoreductase activity, and the flavin prosthetic
      group remained bound to the protein. However, the cleaved protein was completely
      desensitized with respect to inhibition by S-adenosylmethionine. These results
      suggest that each subunit of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase contains two
      domains and that allosteric inhibition requires specific interactions between
      these domains. The region between these two domains appears to be very sensitive
      to proteolysis, while the domains themselves are relatively resistant to further
      degradation.

PMID- 6384211
TI  - Insulin binds to specific receptors and stimulates 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake in
      cultured glial cells from rat brain.
AB  - The kinetics of 125I-insulin binding and physiological activity of insulin on
      glial cells cultured from brains of 1-day-old rats have been studied. Binding of
      125I-insulin to cultured glial cells was specific, reversible, and time
      dependent. Porcine and chicken insulin competed equally for 125I-insulin binding
      while other hormones or insulin analogs competed in proportion to their insulin
      like biological activity. Incubation of glial cultures with insulin resulted in a
      time- and dose-dependent stimulation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake. Maximal
      stimulation (190% of control) was observed with 18 nM insulin, and 0.1 nM insulin
      caused half-maximum effect. The stimulatory effect of insulin on 2-deoxy-D
      glucose uptake was due to its effect on Vmax without affecting the Km. These
      observations suggest that insulin stimulates glucose uptake in glial cells
      cultured from rat brain, the effect mediated by insulin specific receptors.

PMID- 6384212
TI  - Subunit association of enzyme I of the Salmonella typhimurium
      phosphoenolpyruvate: glycose phosphotransferase system. Temperature dependence
      and thermodynamic properties.
AB  - The bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate:glycose phosphotransferase system plays an
      essential role in diverse physiological phenomena. To perform these functions,
      the system is stringently regulated, although the underlying molecular regulatory
      mechanisms have not been established. A potential target for this type of
      regulation is the first protein in the phosphotransfer sequence, Enzyme I, which
      catalyzes the following reaction: P-enolpyruvate + Enzyme I Mg2+ in equilibrium
      phospho-I + pyruvate. We reported previously that Enzyme I from Salmonella
      typhimurium consists of identical subunits which associate in a temperature
      dependent manner; the mode of association was found to be either monomer-dimer or
      isodesmic. The association reaction has now been investigated by analytical gel
      chromatography at 8, 11, and 23 degrees C. At each temperature, the mode of
      association was strictly monomer-dimer. The apparent association equilibrium
      constant, K'a, increased dramatically with temperature, with an enthalpy of 54.8
      +/- 6.3 kcal/mol. At 23 degrees C, K'a decreased slightly when the enzyme
      solution contained either Mg2+ or phosphoenolpyruvate. However, when both ligands
      were present, i.e. under conditions where Enzyme I is phosphorylated, K'a
      decreased significantly (25-fold at 11 degrees C and 50-fold at 23 degrees C).
      These results are in accord with a model for the action of Enzyme I which
      involves a cycle of association and dissociation. This model has potentially
      important implications for regulating Enzyme I and the bacterial
      phosphoenolpyruvate:glycose phosphotransferase system.

PMID- 6384213
TI  - Reactivation of the hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio gigas by hydrogen. Influence
      of redox potential.
AB  - The specific activity of the periplasmic hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio gigas is
      increased approximately 10-fold in the H2 utilization assay with benzyl viologen
      by several hours of incubation under an atmosphere of H2. After a variable lag
      phase during which residual traces of O2 are removed, the reversible activation
      is exponential. The extent of activation is dependent on pH and the redox
      potential of the incubation medium. A tentative model based on the existence of a
      monoelectronic redox center is proposed as shown in the following equation:
      (formula; see text) The potential of this redox couple was determined to be -310
      mV (pH = 7; T = 298 K) versus the normal hydrogen electrode.

PMID- 6384215
TI  - Stimulus-induced changes in methylesterase activity during chemotaxis in
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Responses of Escherichia coli to chemical stimuli are mediated by a family of
      sensory transducer proteins. These transmembrane proteins detect stimuli and
      convey sensory information to the flagella. Behavioral adaptation to
      environmental changes is correlated with the reversible methylation of the
      transducer proteins on several (4 to 6) specific glutamic acid residues to form
      methyl esters. We have assayed the activity of the chemotaxis-specific
      methylesterase, the product of the cheB gene, by measuring the product of the
      demethylation reaction, methanol, using a modification of a previous method
      (Toews, M.L., Goy, M.F., Springer, M.S., and Adler, J. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad.
      Sci. U.S.A. 76, 5544-5548; Terwilliger, T.C., Bogonez, E., Wang, E.A., and
      Koshland, D. E., Jr. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 9608-9611). In this study, we
      establish the use of a sensitive flow apparatus for measuring stimulus-induced
      changes in methylesterase activity of intact E. coli cells. Responses to positive
      and negative stimuli consist of transient decrease and increases in
      methylesterase activity, respectively. In addition, chase experiments
      demonstrated that all assayable methyl groups are nearly equivalent. The results
      are not consistent with the view that the methyl groups put on the transducer
      proteins as a result of a positive stimulus are the first to be removed when that
      stimulus is withdrawn. It seems more likely that recently added methyl groups
      become part of a pool of kinetically equivalent members, any of which can be
      removed when the stimulus is withdrawn. The flow measurements provide a powerful
      and simple biochemical assay that complements behavioral studies of chemotaxis.

PMID- 6384214
TI  - Characterization of the structural and functional defect in the Escherichia coli
      single-stranded DNA binding protein encoded by the ssb-1 mutant gene. Expression
      of the ssb-1 gene under lambda pL regulation.
AB  - The ssb-1 gene encoding a mutant single-stranded DNA binding protein (SSB-1) has
      been cloned into a vector placing its expression under lambda pL regulation. This
      construction results in more than 100-fold increased expression of the mutant
      protein following temperature induction. Tryptic peptide analysis of the mutant
      protein by high-pressure liquid chromatography and solid-phase protein sequencing
      has shown that the ssb-1 mutation results in these substitution of tyrosine for
      histidine at residue 55 of SSB. This change could only occur in one step by a C--
      -T transition in the DNA sequence which has been confirmed. Physicochemical
      studies of the homogeneous mutant protein have shown that in contrast to that of
      the wild-type SSB, the tetrameric structure of SSB-1 is unstable and gradually
      dissociates to monomer as the protein concentration is decreased from about 10
      microM to less than 0.5 microM. The SSB-1 tetramer appears to be stable to
      elevated temperature (45 degrees C) but the monomer is not. We estimate the
      normal cellular concentration of SSB-1 (single chromosomal gene) to be 0.5-1
      microM. Thus, there is a plausible physical explanation for our previous finding
      that increased expression of ssb-1 reverses the effects of a single gene
      (chromosomal) copy amount of SSB-1 (Chase, J.W., Murphy, J.B., Whittier, R.F.,
      Lorensen, E., and Sninsky, J.J. (1983) J. Mol. Biol. 164, 193-211). However, even
      though the in vivo effects of ssb-1 and most of the in vitro defects of SSB-1
      protein are reversed simply by increasing SSB-1 protein concentration, the mutant
      protein is not as effective a helix-destabilizing protein as wild-type SSB as
      measured by its ability to lower the thermal melting transition of poly[d-(A-T)].

PMID- 6384216
TI  - Isolation of adenosine 5'-diphosphate-L-glycero-D-mannoheptose, the assumed
      substrate of heptose transferase(s), from Salmonella minnesota R595 and Shigella
      sonnei Re mutants.
AB  - From heptose transferase-less Re mutants of Salmonella minnesota and Shigella
      sonnei, a mixture of nucleotide-linked heptoses was isolated. After paper
      chromatography in different solvent systems, ADP derivatives of D-glycero-D
      mannoheptose and L-glycero-D-mannoheptose could be isolated in pure form. The
      structure of ADP-L-glycero-D-mannoheptose was verified by analytical methods and
      by transformation of ADP-D-glycero-D-mannoheptose with ADP-D-glycero-D
      mannoheptose-6-epimerase.

PMID- 6384217
TI  - Heat shock-induced translational alterations in HeLa cells. Initiation factor
      modifications and the inhibition of translation.
AB  - Heat shock at 45 degrees C virtually abolishes protein synthesis in HeLa cells,
      but return to 37 degrees C effects a complete recovery and the concomitant
      synthesis of heat shock-induced proteins. Heat shock induces polysome
      disaggregation, indicating initiation is principally inhibited. In vitro assays
      for initiation factor activities reveal heat shock inhibits eukaryotic initiation
      factor 2 (eIF-2), eIF-(3 + 4F), and eIF-4B. Immunoblot analyses show that eIF-2
      alpha and eIF-2 beta become modified during heat shock, and eIF-4B variants
      disappear. Upon return to 37 degrees C, these alterations reverse. The
      modifications of eIF-2 alpha and eIF-4B are due to phosphorylation and
      dephosphorylation, respectively. Enzymatic activities induced by heat shock
      inhibit protein synthesis and modify initiation factors in a rabbit reticulocyte
      lysate. Initiation factor modifications may contribute to, or cause, protein
      synthesis inhibition.

PMID- 6384218
TI  - Repression of rat kidney L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase synthesis by
      creatine at a pretranslational level.
AB  - The first committed reaction in the biosynthesis of creatine is catalyzed by the
      enzyme L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase, commonly called transamidinase.
      Creatine, the end product of the biosynthetic pathway, is known to alter the
      levels of kidney transamidinase activity. Rats fed a diet containing 0.3%
      creatine had 26% of the kidney transamidinase activity of the rats fed a creatine
      free diet. This reduction in transamidinase activity was correlated with a
      decrease in transamidinase protein in the creatine-fed rats. The relative
      synthetic rates and mRNA functional activities of transmidinase were measured in
      control and creatine-fed rats. The relative synthetic rate of transamidinase in
      creatine-fed rats was 21% of that found in the control animals. The functional
      transamidinase mRNA in creatine-fed rats was correspondingly reduced to 37% of
      the amount in the control animals. Thus, creatine affects transamidinase activity
      by altering its rate of synthesis at a pretranslational step and represents an
      example of end-product repression in a higher eukaryote.

PMID- 6384219
TI  - A monoclonal antibody to the embryonic myosin heavy chain of rat skeletal muscle.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody, 2B6, has been prepared against the embryonic myosin heavy
      chain of rat skeletal muscle. On solid phase radioimmunoassay, 2B6 shows
      specificity to myosin isozymes known to contain the embryonic myosin heavy chain
      and on immunoblots of denatured contractile proteins and on competitive
      radioimmunoassay, it reacts only with the myosin heavy chain of embryonic myosin
      and not with the myosin heavy chain of neonatal or adult fast and slow myosin
      isozymes or with other contractile or noncontractile proteins. This specificity
      is maintained with cat, dog, guinea pig, and human myosins, but not with chicken
      myosins. 2B6 was used to define which isozymes in the developing animal contained
      the embryonic myosin heavy chain and to characterize the changes in embryonic
      myosin heavy chain in fast versus slow muscles during development. Finally, 2B6
      was used to demonstrate that thyroid hormone hastens the disappearance of
      embryonic myosin heavy chain during development, while hypothyroidism retards its
      decrease. This confirmed our previous conclusion that thyroid hormones
      orchestrate changes in isozymes during development.

PMID- 6384220
TI  - The synthesis of export-defective proteins can interfere with normal protein
      export in Escherichia coli.
AB  - We have analyzed the kinetics of maturation for certain bacterial envelope
      proteins in Escherichia coli strains that are also concomitantly producing an
      export-defective protein. Our data indicate that proteins with defective signal
      peptides, rendered nonfunctional by either point mutation or deletion, interfere
      with the normal export of other envelope proteins. Expression of interference
      requires that the interfering protein: (i) exhibit a major export defect; (ii) be
      synthesized at a high rate; and (iii) be actively synthesized at the time
      interference is being measured. The latter data suggest that interference is a
      cotranslational process. Intragenic or extragenic suppression of the export
      defect exhibited by the interfering protein relieves interference in a manner
      that is directly related to strength of suppression. These and additional data
      suggest that interference occurs at a very early step in the secretory process.
      We interpret these results to indicate that proteins with defective signal
      peptides are still recognized as proteins destined for secretion and are,
      therefore, at least transiently incorporated into the cell's secretory pathway.
      The incorporation of an export-defective protein into the secretory pathway
      disrupts the normal protein traffic from the cytoplasm to the various
      extracellular compartments.

PMID- 6384221
TI  - Chronic osteomyelitis in pin tracks.
AB  - We reviewed the cases of fourteen patients with chronic osteomyelitis involving a
      pin track (twelve tibial, one ulnar, and one radial) after either external
      fixation (thirteen patients) or skeletal traction (one patient). In general, the
      involved pins had been inserted into cortical bone; in no patient was the
      pintrack infection in cancellous bone. Treatment consisting of debridement,
      curettage, open packing, and administration of antibiotics successfully
      eradicated seven of the eight Staphylococcus aureus infections but failed to cure
      four of the six gram-negative-rod infections. Repeat curettage with delayed fresh
      autogenous cancellous bone-grafting was successful in treating the more resistant
      infections.

PMID- 6384222
TI  - Paraplegia following chymopapain injection. A case report.

PMID- 6384223
TI  - Internal fixation of fractures of the thoracolumbar spine.

PMID- 6384224
TI  - Osteotomy of the first cuneiform as treatment of residual adduction of the fore
      part of the foot in club foot.
AB  - An osteotomy of the first cuneiform was performed on eighteen feet in fourteen
      patients with residual deformity of congenital club foot. The average correction
      was 72 per cent for the adduction of the fore part of the foot and 47 per cent
      for the equinus deformity of the fore part of the foot.

PMID- 6384226
TI  - Uterine myomas in pregnancy.
AB  - Pregnancy complications occur in many patients who have uterine myomas. Patients
      in whom the placenta is implanted near a myoma are more likely to be affected.
      Early pregnancy bleeding, premature rupture of membranes and postpartum
      hemorrhage are the problems most frequently seen. Sonographic assessment
      identifies these patients who are at risk and in whom special precautions are
      advisable.

PMID- 6384227
TI  - Ultrasonic B-scan measurement of the extra-ocular muscles in Graves' orbitopathy.
AB  - B-scan real time ultrasonography was performed on a series of controls and
      patients with thyroidal orbital disease. The thickness of the extraocular muscles
      was recorded. In the control group the upper value of the 97.5th confidence
      interval was 0.36 cm. In patients with Graves' orbitopathy the rectus muscle
      thickness was greater than controls in most. The data suggest that the degree of
      thickening correlates with the severity of the disease. Muscle thickening in
      Graves' disease tended to be bilateral and affect both the medial and lateral
      muscles in each eye.

PMID- 6384225
TI  - Serial brain sonography in two children with leukomalacia and cerebral palsy.
AB  - Two premature neonates were followed by brain sonograms from the time of birth to
      eight and nine months of age respectively, and by clinical assessment until two
      years and eighteen months of age respectively. In both children, the sonograms
      demonstrated evidence of bilateral periventricular leukomalacia (infarction) with
      very little associated intracranial hemorrhage. (CT scans were performed shortly
      after birth as well.) White matter infarction was seen as multiple tiny cysts
      adjacent to the lateral angles of the lateral ventricles. Both children have
      cerebral palsy (spastic quadriplegia).

PMID- 6384228
TI  - Sonographic evaluation of hepatic abscesses.
AB  - A retrospective study of 37 patients with liver abscesses evaluated by diagnostic
      ultrasonography suggests that an abscess evolves from a small solid inflammatory
      focus to a well defined fluid-filled cavity over a variable time interval.
      Initial scans on six patients revealed a single nonspecific poorly defined solid
      liver mass. Following diagnostic aspiration, four of these patients were
      successfully treated with antibiotics alone. Two other patients with initial
      subtle solid masses went on to develop a more classical cystic abscess cavity
      with time. The remaining 31 patients had abscess which appeared initially as
      fluid-filled or cystic masses with variable internal echogenicity, through
      transmission, and margination. One-half of the patients presented acutely with
      fever, right upper quadrant pain, and chills. The remaining patients had a more
      variable indolent presentation with five patients having a course lasting over
      one month. Eleven patients had associated biliary tract disease. Drainage was
      performed on 33 patients, 30 by open surgery and three percutaneously with
      ultrasound guidance. There were no deaths related to sepsis in our series.

PMID- 6384229
TI  - Ultrasound diagnosis of sclerosing cholangitis.
AB  - The sonographic findings of multiple nonshadowing echodense areas within a
      dilated bile duct should be added to the description of thickened bile duct walls
      as suggesting the diagnosis of sclerosing cholangitis in appropriate clinical
      circumstances.

PMID- 6384230
TI  - Intrahepatic aneurysm: a rare cause of segmental biliary obstruction.
AB  - We report a patient with an intrahepatic artery aneurysm causing segmental
      biliary obstruction. The patient, a 64-year-old man, had persistent elevation of
      alkaline phosphatase which led to investigation and diagnosis.

PMID- 6384231
TI  - A modified procedure for percutaneous abscess and fluid drainage using the
      Malecot catheter-Stamey needle technique.
AB  - Percutaneous abscess and fluid drainage (PAFD) of various intraabdominal
      collections with computed tomographic and ultrasonic guidance is well
      established. Current techniques use a catheter of pigtail design introduced
      either by multiple step dilatations or a separate trocar insertion, and are
      subject to complications which can be avoided by use of a new catheter-needle
      system we propose. This system uses a straight, winged, Malecot catheter which is
      introduced in one step with a Stamey needle. We report upon our experience with
      the Malecot catheter/Stamey needle system for PAFD in 13 patients with good
      results. This method ensures a single step introduction of a large bore catheter,
      accurate catheter placement, a stable catheter position with good function, and
      easy drainage of multiloculated or multiple abscesses.

PMID- 6384232
TI  - Matas Lecture. The early pioneers in vascular surgery and their legacy.

PMID- 6384233
TI  - The value of recipient heart assistance during severe acute rejection following
      heterotopic cardiac transplantation.
AB  - Acute rejection remains a major complication of cardiac transplantation. One of
      the advantages of heterotopic as opposed to orthotopic heart transplantation is
      that the recipient heart remains in situ, and may provide valuable support for
      the circulation if donor heart function is severely reduced during an acute
      rejection episode. Details are presented of 11 patients who underwent acute
      rejection severe enough to cause loss of significant function of the donor heart,
      during which time life was maintained by the patient's own diseased heart. In 5
      cases the acute rejection proved reversible, with patient survival extending from
      10 weeks to 61/2 years, though only 2 remain alive today. In 6 cases rejection
      was irreversible; 4 of these patients underwent a second heart transplant, but
      only 1 remains alive today.

PMID- 6384234
TI  - Intra-operative control of carotid thromboendoarterectomy by Doppler spectrum
      analysis.
AB  - The authors report their experience with intraoperative Doppler spectrum analysis
      of carotid flow after thromboendoarterectomy. The method seems to be useful in
      the early localisation of technical defects potentially responsible for
      postoperative stroke. In 22 patients operated on consecutively, three major
      abnormalities were detected, one of the internal and two of the external carotid.
      This enabled immediate reexploration of the involved artery with restoration of
      normal flow. This kind of examination is also safe, quick and highly accurate.
      The authors propose it as a substitute to intraoperative arteriography which is
      routinely performed by some surgeons after carotid thromboendoarterectomy.

PMID- 6384235
TI  - Hemodynamic assessment of the iliac disease by proximal thigh pressure and
      Doppler femoral flow velocity.
AB  - In 22 normal and 51 limbs with arterial occlusive disease, upper thigh blood
      pressure at rest and after the knee exercise, Doppler flow velocity tracing at
      the common femoral artery, and the mean femoral velocity tracing during the
      postischemic reactive hyperemia were investigated. These results were compared
      with angiographic findings, and the diagnostic value for assessing the iliac
      disease was discussed. Measurement of the upper thigh pressure after the knee
      exercise enables prediction of the significant stenosis of the iliac artery. The
      pressure index of 0.55 or less after exercise indicates a significant disease in
      the iliac artery, which should be corrected prior to distal vessel reconstruction
      or percutaneous vascular recanalization.

PMID- 6384236
TI  - MAP 4: occurrence in mouse tissues.
AB  - A polyclonal antiserum to a microtubule-associated protein (MAP) from mouse
      neuroblastoma cells (MAP 4) was used to examine the distribution of this protein
      in mouse tissues. Immunoblots of neuroblastoma cell microtubule protein
      preparations demonstrated that the antiserum reacted with a triplet of proteins
      at 215,000-240,000 mol wt. Antibodies affinity purified from any of the bands
      showed cross-reaction with the other bands, indicating these polypeptides were
      all immunologically related. Antibodies specific to MAP 4 decorated microtubules
      in cultured murine cells fixed with glutaraldehyde, and diffuse staining was seen
      following treatment of cells with nocodazole. The antiserum reacted with MAP 4 in
      extracts of brain, heart, liver, and lung from adult mouse; the triplet in brain
      was more closely spaced than in the other tissues or neuroblastoma cells. In
      kidney, spleen, and stomach, only a single band (band 4) was labeled; this band
      was immunologically related to the triplet and was also present in all tissues
      positive for the triplet. Skeletal muscle, sperm, and peripheral blood contained
      no reactive polypeptides. After taxol-induced polymerization, the MAP 4 triplet
      was preferentially associated with the microtubule pellet whereas band 4 remained
      in the supernatant. These data indicate that there is tissue specificity in the
      distribution of MAP 4, and that some tissues contain a polypeptide related to MAP
      4 (band 4) that does not bind to microtubules in vitro.

PMID- 6384237
TI  - Connectin filaments in stretched skinned fibers of frog skeletal muscle.
AB  - Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy of highly stretched skinned frog semi
      tendinous muscle fibers revealed that connectin, an elastic protein of muscle, is
      located in the gap between actin and myosin filaments and also in the region of
      myosin filaments except in their centers. Electron microscopic observations
      showed that there were easily recognizable filaments extending from the myosin
      filaments to the I band region and to Z lines in the myofibrils treated with
      antiserum against connectin. In thin sections prepared with tannic acid, very
      thin filaments connected myosin filaments to actin filaments. These filaments
      were also observed in myofibrils extracted with a modified Hasselbach-Schneider
      solution (0.6 M KCl, 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 6.5, 2 mM ATP, 2 mM MgCl2, and 1
      mM EGTA) and with 0.6 M Kl. SDS PAGE revealed that connectin (also called titin)
      remained in extracted myofibrils. We suggest that connectin filaments play an
      important role in the generation of tension upon passive stretch. A scheme of the
      cytoskeletal structure of myofibrils of vertebrate skeletal muscle is presented
      on the basis of our present information of connectin and intermediate filaments.

PMID- 6384238
TI  - A heat shock-resistant mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae shows constitutive
      synthesis of two heat shock proteins and altered growth.
AB  - A heat shock-resistant mutant of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was
      isolated at the mutation frequency of 10(-7) from a culture treated with ethyl
      methane sulfonate. Cells of the mutant are approximately 1,000-fold more
      resistant to lethal heat shock than those of the parental strain. Tetrad analysis
      indicates that phenotypes revealed by this mutant segregated together in the
      ratio 2+:2- from heterozygotes constructed with the wild-type strain of the
      opposite mating type, and are, therefore, attributed to a single nuclear
      mutation. The mutated gene in the mutant was herein designated hsr1 (heat shock
      response). The hsr1 allele is recessive to the HSR1+ allele of the wild-type
      strain. Exponentially growing cells of hsr1 mutant were found to constitutively
      synthesize six proteins that are not synthesized or are synthesized at reduced
      rates in HSR1+ cells unless appropriately induced. These proteins include one
      hsp/G0-protein (hsp48A), one hsp (hsp48B), and two G0-proteins (p73, p56).
      Heterozygous diploid (hsr1/HSR1+) cells do not synthesize the proteins
      constitutively induced in hsr1 cells, which suggests that the product of the HSR1
      gene might negatively regulate the synthesis of these proteins. The hsr1 mutation
      also led to altered growth of the mutant cells. The mutation elongated the
      duration of G1 period in the cell cycle and affected both growth arrest by sulfur
      starvation and growth recovery from it. We discuss the problem of which
      protein(s) among those constitutively expressed in growing cells of the hsr1
      mutant is responsible for heat shock resistance and alterations in the growth
      control.

PMID- 6384239
TI  - Distribution of epinemin in colloidal gold-labelled, quick-frozen, deep-etched
      cytoskeletons.
AB  - In this study I describe the ultrastructural distribution of epinemin (Lawson,
      D., 1983, J. Cell Biol., 97:1891-1905) in antibody-labelled, helium-cooled, quick
      frozen, deep-etched cytoskeletons. This technique reveals that epinemin is
      expressed asymmetrically at discrete sites on the vimentin core polymer and that
      usually one (occasionally two or three) antiepinemin molecules are found at each
      of these discrete foci. Single receptor-bound antiepinemin (IgM) molecules are
      easily identified in deep-etched cytoskeletons by the use of colloidal gold.
      Epinemin does not cross-link adjacent intermediate filaments and is not
      associated with the many 2-3-nm filaments found associated with intermediate
      filaments in these preparations. The directional changes and interactions
      undergone by microtubules in taxol-stabilized, antibody-labelled cytoskeletons
      are also discussed.

PMID- 6384240
TI  - Collagen degradation in human lung fibroblasts: extent of degradation, role of
      lysosomal proteases, and evaluation of an alternate hypothesis.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to determine the extent and variability of collagen
      degradation in human fetal lung fibroblasts. Cells were incubated with
      [14C]proline, and degradation was measured by determining the hydroxy[14C]proline
      in a low molecular weight fraction relative to total hydroxy[14C]proline. Average
      (basal) degradation in stationary phase HFL-1 cells incubated for 8 h was 16 +/-
      3%, and substantial alterations in the composition of the labeling medium, e.g.,
      omitting serum and varying pH between 6.8 and 7.8, had no effect. Organic buffers
      slightly lowered degradation in a manner that was independent of pH. Collagen
      degradation in two other lung cell lines, Wl-38 and lMR-90, did not differ from
      the level in HFL-1. Degradation was significantly higher (23 +/- 5%) in HFL-1
      cultures labeled for 24 h rather than 8 h, and pulse-washout experiments showed
      that the rate of degradation was not uniform: after an 8-h pulse, 11% of the
      hydroxy [14C]proline in the medium was in the low molecular weight fraction, but
      31% was in this fraction after a 16-h washout. The lack of effect of either serum
      deprivation or elevated pH suggests that lysosomal proteases have no direct role
      in basal degradation; however, NH4Cl decreased the enhanced degradation observed
      in ascorbate deficiency to basal level, indicating that abnormal molecules
      synthesized under those conditions are degraded by lysosomal proteases. The
      appearance of small hydroxy[14C]proline-containing molecules was inhibited by
      alpha alpha'dipyridyl and cycloheximide in a dose-dependent and reversible
      manner, demonstrating that their production depends on enzymatic hydroxylation of
      proline and protein synthesis.

PMID- 6384241
TI  - The role of increased proteolysis in the atrophy and arrest of proliferation in
      serum-deprived fibroblasts.
AB  - When cultured fibroblasts are deprived of serum, the degradation of long-lived
      proteins and RNA increases, the cells stop proliferating, and they decrease in
      size. To determine the role of the increased protein catabolism in these
      responses, we studied the effects of inhibitors of intralysosomal proteolysis in
      Balb/c 3T3 cells. When these cells were placed in serum-deficient medium (0.5%
      serum), the rate of degradation of long-lived proteins increased about twofold
      within 30 min. This increase was reduced by 50-70% with inhibitors of lysosomal
      thiol proteases (Ep475 and leupeptin) or agents that raise intralysosomal pH
      (chloroquine and NH4Cl). By contrast, these compounds had little or no effect on
      protein degradation in cells growing in 10% serum. Thus, in accord with prior
      studies, lysosomes appear to be the site of the increased proteolysis after serum
      deprivation. When 3T3 cells were deprived of serum for 24-48 hours, the rate of
      protein synthesis and the content of protein and RNA and cell volume decreased
      two- to fourfold. The protease inhibitor, Ep475, reduced this decrease in the
      rate of protein synthesis and the loss of cell protein and RNA. Cells deprived of
      serum and treated with Ep475 for 24-48 hours had about twice the rate of protein
      synthesis and two- to fourfold higher levels of protein and RNA than control
      cells deprived of serum. The Ep475-treated cells were also about 30% larger than
      the untreated cells. Thus, the protease-inhibitor prevented much of the atrophy
      induced by serum deprivation. The serum-deprived fibroblasts also stopped
      proliferating and accumulated in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The cells
      treated with Ep475 accumulated in G1 in a manner identical to untreated serum
      deprived cells. Other agents which inhibited protein breakdown in serum-deprived
      cells also did not prevent the arrest of cell proliferation. Thus the enhancement
      of proteolysis during serum deprivation appears necessary for the decrease in
      size and protein synthesis, but probably not for the cessation of cell
      proliferation. When cells deprived of serum in the presence or absence of Ep475
      were stimulated to proliferate by the readdition of serum, the larger Ep475
      treated cells began DNA synthesis 1-2 hours later than the smaller untreated
      cells. Thus, after treatment with Ep475, the rate of cell cycle transit following
      serum stimulation was not proportional to the cell's size, protein, or RNA
      content, or rate of protein synthesis.

PMID- 6384243
TI  - Glucose metabolism in murine fetal cortical brain cells: lack of insulin effects.
AB  - Glucose uptake and oxidation were markedly higher in cultured than in freshly
      isolated neural cells, prepared from murine fetal brain cortices. The hexose
      transport process--measured as 3-O-methyl-D-glucose uptake--appeared comparable
      in both conditions, and proceeded proportionally to the extracellular sugar
      concentration up to 6 mM. In contrast, glucose oxidation occurred independently
      of the prevailing glucose concentration from 1.4 mM on. Acute or chronic exposure
      to insulin exerted no effect upon cellular glucose uptake or oxidation. These
      results suggest that glucose handling by maturing fetal cortical cells is mainly
      determined by the rate of cellular glucose breakdown rather than by the rate of
      glucose transport into the cell; the marked rise in cellular glucose metabolism
      during culture might result from the synthesis and/or activation of a key enzyme
      in glucose catabolism. Our observations also indicate that the previously
      described neurotrophic effects of insulin are not mediated via enhanced glucose
      handling.

PMID- 6384242
TI  - Sodium orthovanadate stimulation of DNA synthesis in Nakano mouse lens epithelial
      cells in serum-free medium.
AB  - Quiescent cultured Nakano mouse lens cells incubated for 40 hours with sodium
      orthovanadate incorporated 3H-thymidine at an accelerated rate; the greatest
      response occurred at 20 microM vanadate, whereas by 2 microM an incorporation
      rate equivalent to unstimulated cells was noted. Microscopic examination of the
      cells revealed that those exposed to concentrations of vanadate greater than 100
      microM had lysed by the end of the 40-hour incubation. Reduction in vanadate
      exposure time to 1 hour caused the cells to incorporate the greatest amount of 3H
      thymidine at a vanadate concentration of 200 microM to 500 microM. Half-maximum
      incorporation of 3H-thymidine (after a 40-hour incubation) was induced by a 2
      hour incubation with 20 microM vanadate. Studies with insulin showed that while
      20 ng/ml insulin alone did not increase 3H-thymidine incorporation, 20 ng/ml
      insulin in combination with 20 microM vanadate resulted in a significant increase
      in 3H-thymidine uptake over cells exposed to only vanadate. Insulin alone will
      increase cell number and insulin with vanadate are synergistic in the stimulation
      of DNA synthesis, but the two together show no further increase in cell number
      over that produced by insulin alone. Thus, vanadate can increase progression from
      G1/G0 to S-phase, but cannot stimulate cells to divide. Studies designed to
      detect DNA damage and repair rather than S-phase DNA synthesis demonstrated that
      vanadate was not causing increased 3H-thymidine uptake by damaging DNA. Cell
      counts revealed that vanadate, while able to induce DNA synthesis, does not
      induce mitosis. Autoradiography and equilibrium sedimentation experiments
      demonstrated that gene amplification was not occurring. A known vanadate exchange
      inhibitor blocked the ability of vanadate to increase 3H-thymidine incorporation
      which is consistent with the idea that cellular internalization of vanadate is
      required for this effect to be seen. 86Rb+ uptake experiments demonstrate that
      the vanadate concentration inducing 50% inhibition of (Na+, K+)ATPase is nearly
      two orders of magnitude more concentrated that vanadate concentrations shown
      capable of inducing 3H-thymidine uptake. This strongly suggests that (Na+,
      K+)ATPase inhibition is not the central mechanism by which DNA synthesis is
      stimulated by vanadate.

PMID- 6384244
TI  - Characterization of a 140Kd cell surface glycoprotein involved in myoblast
      adhesion.
AB  - Two monoclonal antibodies that cause changes in the morphology of cultured chick
      myogenic cells have been described previously [8]. In this paper, these
      antibodies are shown to interact with the same 140Kd protein. The 140Kd protein
      has been further characterized as a cell-surface glycoprotein by lactoperoxidase
      catalyzed iodinations and lectin affinity chromatography. The protein is
      resistant to digestion by trypsin and collagenase and has been shown to be
      unrelated to fibronectin by immunoprecipitation studies and by peptide mapping. A
      second protein, of approximately 170Kd MW, is also immunoprecipitated by the
      monoclonal antibodies. This protein is probably unrelated to the 140Kd protein
      since the peptide maps are quite distinct.

PMID- 6384245
TI  - A rapid method for the detection and quantitation of IgA protease activity by
      macrobore gel-permeation chromatography.
AB  - A rapid assay to detect and quantitate immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) protease activity
      was developed by the use of a high-performance gel-permeation chromatography
      column. The assay measured the disappearance of intact substrate and the
      emergence of cleavage fragments and the results could be expressed in absolute
      units. The utility of the assay was demonstrated in the partial purification of
      an IgA1 protease from a strain of Haemophilus influenzae.

PMID- 6384246
TI  - Separation of oestrogen conjugates in urine and synthetic mixtures by high
      performance liquid chromatographic methods.
AB  - The analytical and clinical advantages that would be expected to follow the
      adoption by clinical laboratories of a routine HPLC method for the partial
      oestriol conjugate profiling of human pregnancy urine are outlined in the
      Introduction. In order to ascertain if a candidate method for this assay has yet
      been devised, a complete survey of the published HPLC separations of oestrogen
      conjugate mixtures is presented, in tabular form, and discussed. From this survey
      it is concluded that a number of good separations of these steroids from
      synthetic mixtures have already been published. The third and final section of
      the paper contains the results of a detailed examination of those papers in which
      separation of oestriol conjugates present in pregnancy urine specimens have been
      reported. The paper is concluded with the recommendation that the method of
      Dixon, Lukha and Scott should be further investigated as a candidate method for
      adoption by clinical laboratories for the purpose of oestriol conjugate
      profiling.

PMID- 6384247
TI  - Somatomedin levels in pregnancy: longitudinal study in healthy subjects and
      patients with growth hormone deficiency.
AB  - Somatomedin (Sm) levels throughout pregnancy were determined in a longitudinal
      study of four normal women and three patients with GH deficiency by use of the
      RIA for Sm-A, a newly developed RIA for insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), and
      the placenta RRA for Sm-A. In both normal women and those with GH deficiency,
      there was a continuous rise of immunoreactive Sm-A throughout pregnancy. During
      the third trimester the levels were 2-fold elevated above the level in
      nonpregnant age-matched normal subjects. No change of immunoreactive IGF-2 levels
      was found in the normal pregnant women, whereas an increase from low to normal
      levels was found in GH-deficient patients during pregnancy. The placenta RRA-Sm-A
      did not detect the increase of Sm-A immunoactivity in the normal pregnant women,
      whereas the levels were normalized in GH-deficient patients. After delivery a
      rapid fall of Sm levels occurred in patients with GH deficiency. The calculated
      half-lives for immunoreactive Sm-A and IGF-2 were 27 and 52 h, respectively. The
      birth weights of the seven children were significantly (P less than 0.05)
      correlated to both the individual peak and the mean maternal value of
      immunoreactive Sm-A during the last trimester. The present findings indicate that
      the production of both IGF-1 and IGF-2 related peptides during pregnancy is
      independent of maternal pituitary GH production.

PMID- 6384248
TI  - Inhibition of serum luteinizing hormone and testosterone with an inhibitory
      analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in adult male rhesus monkeys.
AB  - The effects of single and repeated administration of a potent LHRH inhibitory
      analog (antagonist) [( N-acetyl-D-p-chloro-Phe1,2,D-Trp3,D-Arg6,D-Ala10]LHRH) on
      serum concentrations of LH and testosterone (T) in adult rhesus monkeys were
      studied. In Exp 1, single sc injections of the LHRH antagonist (400 micrograms
      and 50 micrograms) or vehicle were administered and the temporal changes in serum
      LH and T were determined (n = 4 per group). Both LH and T declined markedly in
      all animals as soon as 30 min after the LHRH antagonist injection, reaching the
      nadir (80%) approximately 8 h later and remaining significantly lower than
      baseline levels for up to 24 h. Control animals had no marked variations in
      either LH or T serum levels. In Exp 2, daily sc injections of different doses of
      LHRH antagonist (400 micrograms, 50 micrograms, and 10 micrograms) or vehicle
      were administered for 7 days to four animals in each group. The animals in the
      control group had no significant changes in LH or T levels, whereas those treated
      with the lowest dose of LHRH antagonist (10 micrograms) had decreased T levels in
      the absence of changes in LH. The other two doses of LHRH antagonist (400
      micrograms and 50 micrograms) induced, as early as 8 h after the initial
      injection, dramatic decreases in serum levels of both LH and T and these values
      remained significantly lower than control for up to 3 and 4 days after
      discontinuation of drug administration, respectively. We conclude from this study
      that LHRH inhibitory analogs are potent inhibitors of LH and T in adult rhesus
      monkeys. They have potential use in clinical trials for male contraception as
      well as in patients in whom inhibition of gonadotropin and steroid secretion is
      desired.

PMID- 6384249
TI  - Chronic propranolol administration impairs glucagon release during insulin
      induced hypoglycemia in normal man.
AB  - Failure of a plasma glucagon rise in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia was
      demonstrated in normal subjects taking therapeutic doses of the nonselective beta
      adrenergic blocker, propranolol, for 7 days before testing. This is the first
      study to examine glucose homeostasis in normal subjects exposed to chronic
      propranolol therapy and helps to explain the development of spontaneous
      hypoglycemia in patients, either diabetic or nondiabetic, during beta-adrenergic
      receptor blockade. Previous studies of the acute parenteral effects of
      propranolol administration failed to show any significant effect on glucagon
      secretory dynamics in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. In the present
      study, however, chronic oral administration of propranolol resulted in severe
      impairment of the expected glucagon rise in response to hypoglycemia and was
      associated with severe hypoglycemia in one normal subject.

PMID- 6384250
TI  - The effect of sucrose content in high and low carbohydrate diets on plasma
      glucose, insulin, and lipid responses in hypertriglyceridemic humans.
AB  - To further understand the effect of high carbohydrate (CHO)-low fat diets and the
      role of variations in dietary sucrose on CHO and lipid metabolism, 10 patients
      with hypertriglyceridemia were fed 2 isocaloric, typical American diets,
      containing 40% and 60% CHO, for 15 days in random sequence. Each patient was
      their own control, and they were divided into 2 groups of 5 patients each. In one
      group, sucrose was held constant at 13% of total calories (40-13% and 60-13%),
      whereas the sucrose content was 9% of the total calories on a 40% CHO diet (40
      9%), and 15% of total calories on a 60% CHO diet (60-15%) in the other group.
      Fasting and postprandial blood samples were analyzed for plasma glucose, insulin,
      cholesterol (Chol), and triglycerides (TG), as well as for Chol and TG in
      chylomicrons, very low density, low density, and high density lipoproteins (HDL).
      Fasting plasma TG levels were significantly increased in both groups on the 60%
      CHO diet, primarily due to increases in very low density-TG concentration. The
      magnitude of the elevation was attenuated when sucrose content was kept constant.
      Postprandial TG responses were qualitatively similar. There were no significant
      changes in plasma Chol concentrations, except for a modest fall in plasma HDL
      Chol level after the 60-13% diet period (P less than 0.05). No significant
      differences were found in fasting plasma glucose or insulin concentration.
      However, postprandial glucose and insulin responses were increased on both high
      CHO diets. The results of these studies demonstrate that high CHO-low fat diets,
      in general, tend to elevate plasma glucose, insulin, and TG concentrations and
      reduce HDL-Chol concentration in patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia.
      In addition, these data illustrate the important role that small variations in
      dietary sucrose can play in modulation of CHO and lipid metabolism.

PMID- 6384251
TI  - The natural history of salt-wasting disorders of adrenal and renal origin.
AB  - Twenty one patients with selective aldosterone deficiency due to type 2
      corticosterone methyl-oxidase defect [hypoaldosteronism (HA)] and 7 with
      pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA) were studied longitudinally for up to 18 yr. All
      individuals had spontaneous and progressive normalization of sodium and fluid
      balance with age. The severity of the clinical manifestations varied from acute
      salt-wasting crisis in infancy and unexplained short stature in childhood to an
      asymptomatic state in adults detectable only by biochemical studies. Infants with
      HA had extremely elevated plasma renin activity (PRA; 70-650 ng angiotensin 1/ml
      X h), which gradually decreased with age, and PRA was normal in adults. Cortisol
      followed a similar pattern, but marked elevations of plasma deoxycorticosterone
      (DOC; 28-553 ng/dl) and 18-hydroxycorticosterone (18-OHB; 650-6500 ng/dl)
      relative to aldosterone (3-29 ng/dl) persisted throughout life in all untreated
      patients. The plasma 18-OHB/aldosterone ratio, normally 6.2 +/- 3.5 (SD), ranged
      between 160-760. In contrast, patients with PHA had PRA (70-685 ng angiotensin
      1/ml X h), DOC (56-1201 ng/dl), 18-OHB (650-6800 ng/dl), and aldosterone (150
      2000 ng/dl) levels which all remained very elevated, but had normal 18
      OHB/aldosterone ratios (6.9 +/- 5.1). Comparative studies in 14 untreated
      patients with 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency, who had moderate to severe
      manifestations of mineralocorticoid excess, revealed DOC levels (38-1384 ng/dl)
      that were remarkably similar to those of patients with HA and PHA. PRA, DOC, and
      18-OHB correlated significantly with each other during all variations in sodium
      balance (P less than 0.001). Sodium repletion partially suppressed these
      parameters in both disorders, but complete normalization was achieved only in HA
      when a mineralocorticoid was given. Although the degree of DOC and 18-OHB
      suppression was similar in all age groups, the changes in PRA were more marked in
      children than in adults since these were directly proportional to the initial
      elevations of PRA. Although angiotensin II and potassium increased plasma DOC and
      18-OHB, dexamethasone failed to suppress them, indicating that these steroids
      originated predominantly from the zona glomerulosa. The spontaneous normalization
      of sodium balance is not due to quantitative differences in hormone secretion
      with age since the basic steroid abnormalities remain unchanged from infancy to
      adulthood.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6384252
TI  - Insulin-like growth factors I and II: aging and bone density in women.
AB  - Serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factors (IGF) were measured by RIA in
      57 normal women, ages 30 - 90 yr, and in 29 untreated women with postmenopausal
      osteoporosis and vertebral compression fractures, ages 55 - 75 yr. These values
      were correlated with bone mineral density (BMD) of the distal and midradius
      assessed by single photon absorptiometry and of the lumbar spine assessed by dual
      photon absorptiometry as well as serum and urinary calcium, phosphorus,
      creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, immunoreactive PTH, urinary hydroxyproline, and
      creatinine clearance. Serum IGF-I levels declined markedly with age (r = -0.47, P
      less than 0.001). Serum IGF-II levels decreased only slightly with age, and this
      decrease was not statistically significant. Although BMD at all three scanning
      sites also declined significantly with age, neither serum IGF-I nor II
      concentrations correlated with BMD when age was held constant. In women with
      postmenopausal osteoporosis, serum IGF-I and II did not differ from the
      concentrations in normal women of similar age and did not correlate with BMD. In
      neither group was a correlation between serum IGF-I or II and serum or urinary
      proteins or cations found. Thus, there was no evidence that impaired synthesis of
      IGF-I and II contributes to pathogenesis of the syndrome of Type I
      (postmenopausal) osteoporosis, which is characterized by accelerated loss of
      trabecular bone and vertebral compression fractures. The possibility remains,
      however, that decreasing concentrations of serum IGF-I play a role in the more
      gradual loss of bone with aging (Type II osteoporosis) in which impared bone
      formation at the cellular level has been demonstrated.

PMID- 6384253
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of gonadotropin-releasing hormone: comparison of subcutaneous
      and intravenous routes.
AB  - Pulsatile administration of GnRH has been used to stimulate gonadal function in
      both hypogonadotropic men and women; however, deficient responses were observed
      with the sc in contrast to the iv route of hormone delivery. To clarify whether
      this was due to altered bioavailability, we compared the pharmacokinetics of
      these two routes of GnRH administration by bolus injection and steady state
      continuous infusion methods. Synthetic GnRH was administered by both sc and iv
      routes to 14 hypogonadotropic patients (11 women and 3 men) as a bolus (5
      micrograms in 25, 100, or 250 microliters, sc, and 250 microliters, iv; n = 6) or
      by continuous iv or sc infusion (3.17 micrograms/h for 6 h; n = 11). In single
      dose studies, plasma immunoreactive GnRH (IR-GnRH) peaks were earlier and higher
      (400 vs. 93.5 pg/ml) and returned to baseline sooner (less than 60 vs. greater
      than 120 min) after iv than after sc bolus injection. Plasma IR-GnRH levels were
      lower between 1 and 5 min, but higher between 30-90 min after sc injection
      compared with iv bolus injection. During the continuous infusions, plateau levels
      of IR-GnRH between 2 and 6 h were 34% lower with sc delivery (67.5 vs. 102.4
      pg/ml), indicating irreversible losses of about one third of GnRH injected sc. In
      patients undergoing pulsatile GnRH therapy delivered by programmed portable
      minipumps, plasma IR-GnRH profiles were highly damped after sc administration,
      but retained an intermittent pulse wave form with the iv route. These data
      suggest that pharmacokinetic differences in the sc and iv routes of GnRH
      administration are due to a combination of prolonged and delayed absorption with
      reduced bioavailability of GnRH via the sc route. The consequent damping of the
      plasma GnRH profiles with sc administration may contribute to differences in the
      clinical efficacy of pulsatile GnRH regimens, and specific modifications of
      pulsatile regimens may be required to adapt the physiological requirements of an
      intermittent plasma GnRH wave form to the damped and reduced bioavailability of
      sc GnRH therapy.

PMID- 6384254
TI  - Insulin-like growth factors in amniotic fluid.
AB  - The concentrations of insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II) in
      amniotic fluid were determined by specific immunoassays in 58 women. IGF-I
      concentrations were constant throughout gestation at approximately 20 ng/ml; the
      mean IGF-II concentration was 114 +/- 13 (+/- SE) ng/ml at the earliest period of
      gestation studied and remained unchanged at 26 to 33 weeks despite a greater than
      50% decrease in amniotic fluid total protein. A precipitous decrease in IGF-II
      concentration occurred at term which was not explainable by alterations in total
      amniotic fluid protein concentration. The concentrations of IGF-I and IGF-II in
      amniotic fluid did not correlate with concentrations of these factors in maternal
      serum (r = 0.08 and 0.09, respectively). [125I]IGF-I and [125I]IGF-II, after
      incubation with amniotic fluid, bound to a 40-45 K protein (or proteins). A
      carrier protein of greater mol wt, as in serum, was not detected. These findings
      indicate that there is dynamic control of IGF in amniotic fluid during normal
      pregnancy.

PMID- 6384255
TI  - Somatomedin inhibitor in uremia.
AB  - In uremia, poor growth occurs despite normal to increased levels of insulin and
      GH. Since serum somatomedin levels measured by RIA and radioreceptor assay are
      normal in patients with renal failure, while serum somatomedin activity measured
      by bioassay is low but increased by dialysis, we asked if somatomedin activity
      could be decreased due to the presence of a low mol wt inhibitor(s). Serum was
      obtained from eight normal adults and eight uremic patients before hemodialysis
      treatment and was fractionated by gel filtration. Somatomedins and high mol wt
      inhibitors were separated on Sephadex G-50, pH 2.4, and high and low mol wt
      inhibitors were separated on Sephadex G-25, pH 7. Somatomedins were measured by
      stimulation of SO4 uptake by hypophysectomized rat costal cartilage in vitro, and
      inhibitor levels were determined by the blunting of stimulation produced by
      somatomedins in normal serum. Total biologically active somatomedin levels were
      comparable in uremic and normal sera. High mol wt somatomedin inhibitors (as
      found in malnutrition and diabetes) also were detected at similar levels in
      uremic and normal sera. In contrast, serum from uremic patients had increased
      levels of a low mol wt somatomedin inhibitor(s) [151 +/- 23% (mean +/- SEM) of
      serum stimulation inhibited vs. 47 +/- 9%; P less than 0.001]. Peak inhibitory
      activity was found at approximately 940 mol wt (range, 800-1100); an inhibitor of
      similar size was found in normal urine. Uremic serum fractions blunted cartilage
      sulfate uptake that was stimulated by whole serum, somatomedins (dissociated from
      serum carrier proteins), and insulin and lowered uridine and thymidine uptake
      that was stimulated by whole serum (all P less than 0.005). Lineweaver-Burk
      analysis indicated that somatomedin-inhibitor interactions on cartilage were
      noncompetitive, consistent with observations that direct exposure of cartilage to
      inhibitor decreased SO4 uptake to 30 +/- 3% below buffer levels (P less than
      0.001). Despite these marked effects on cartilage, no alterations in basal or
      insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation occurred after addition of inhibitory serum
      fractions to adipose tissue incubations. Exposure of the inhibitor to proteolytic
      enzymes led to a significant decrease in inhibitory activity, indicating that the
      inhibitor may be a peptide. These studies suggest that decreased circulating
      somatomedin activity and impaired growth in uremia may reflect the accumulation
      of a circulating peptide inhibitor that would normally be cleared by the kidneys.
      Measurements of this factor may provide an index of growth potential in uremic
      children and help guide therapy of renal failure in both children and adults.

PMID- 6384256
TI  - Low plasma norepinephrine responses to acute hypoglycemia in children with
      isolated growth hormone deficiency.
AB  - Norepinephrine (NE) is a neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system which
      is important in GH secretion. It also is a counterregulatory hormone which is
      released in response to insulin hypoglycemia. We measured the plasma NE,
      epinephrine, GH, and cortisol responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in 29
      short healthy children. The 8 patients (5 males and 3 females) which had isolated
      GH deficiency had no plasma NE response to insulin hypoglycemia, whereas mean
      plasma NE increased 2-fold in the 21 GH-sufficient children. Plasma epinephrine
      concentrations increased in both groups, but were lower in the GH-deficient
      patients. While these findings do not permit us to determine whether the reduced
      plasma catecholamine responses to acute hypoglycemia are the cause, the
      consequence, or unrelated to the GH deficiency, we speculate that there is a
      relationship between the NE and GH deficiencies.

PMID- 6384257
TI  - Isolated growth hormone deficiency: immunocytochemistry.
AB  - Light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry of the pituitary gland of a
      patient with documented isolated GH deficiency revealed parenchyma rich in GH
      positive cells. Immunoprecipitate was localized consistently over membrane
      enclosed secretory granules whose features were characteristic of those in normal
      somatotrophs. No profiles of exocytosis of the contents of the secretory granules
      were observed. These observations demonstrate that the type I recessive form of
      isolated GH deficiency may be associated with apparently normal appearing
      somatotrophs which contain immunoreactive GH.

PMID- 6384258
TI  - Antepartum diagnosis of goitrous hypothyroidism by fetal ultrasonography and
      amniotic fluid thyrotropin concentration.
AB  - Ultrasonography of a 26-week-old fetus suggested the presence of a goiter.
      Amniocentesis was performed at 26 and 38 weeks gestation to evaluate thyroid
      function. An elevated amniotic fluid TSH level was found on both occasions,
      though amniotic fluid T4, T3, and rT3 levels were similar to those of euthyroid
      fetuses. The diagnosis of goitrous hypothyroidism was confirmed at birth. Therapy
      with thyroid hormone was instituted on the first day of life. Growth and
      development of the infant have been normal during the first year of his life. We
      suggest that the measurement of amniotic fluid TSH can be useful in the diagnosis
      of intrauterine primary hypothyroidism.

PMID- 6384259
TI  - Relationship among peripheral glucose uptake, oxygen consumption, and glucose
      turnover in postabsorptive man.
AB  - To assess the importance of glucose uptake by muscle in determining total glucose
      utilization in the basal state, forearm glucose uptake (FGU), reflecting mainly
      skeletal muscle metabolism, and glucose turnover using [3-3H]glucose were studied
      simultaneously in 17 postabsorptive normal men. Mean +/- SE glucose disappearance
      was 2.36 +/- 0.14 mg/kg X min, amounting to 170 +/- 9 mg/min, while FGU was 0.049
      +/- 0.009 mg/100 ml forearm X min. When the latter was calculated in terms of
      skeletal muscle in the body as a whole, muscle glucose utilization was found to
      be 24.7 +/- 4.5 mg/min, comprising only 13.5 +/- 1.9% of the total glucose
      disappearance. Forearm oxygen consumption was 6.6 +/- 0.5 mumol/100 ml forearm X
      min, of which only 26 +/- 5% could be accounted for by concurrent glucose uptake.
      These results suggest that in the basal state, glucose uptake by skeletal muscle
      accounts for 1) only a small percentage of total glucose disappearance and 2)
      only a minor proportion of peripheral oxygen consumption, which may be more
      dependent on lipid oxidation.

PMID- 6384260
TI  - Effects of metoclopramide-induced hyperprolactinemia during early follicular
      development on human ovarian function.
AB  - Nine healthy women, aged 25 to 36 yr, were treated with metoclopramide (MC) (10
      mg orally three times daily) from the first to the sixth day of their cycle
      (treatment A) for two successive cycles (n = 18) and six of these women later
      received MC from -3 to the fifth day of the menstrual cycle (treatment B) during
      one or two cycles (n = 10), to investigate the effects of hyperprolactinemia
      during the early phase of ovarian follicular growth. Comparisons were performed
      with control cycles in the same women. The treatment cycles were characterized by
      low serum concentrations of LH during the early follicular phase and at midcycle,
      low early follicular phase serum testosterone (T) levels and high luteal phase T
      and free T index values, with no significant differences between A and B
      treatment modalities. We classified the treatment cycles into two categories,
      seriously disturbed and normal or only slightly disturbed, on the basis of
      ultrasonographic findings and midcycle estradiol (E2) and luteal phase
      progesterone (P) concentrations. Folliculogenesis was seriously disturbed in 11
      of the 28 treatment cycles (39%). During these cycles, midcycle serum LH and the
      LH to FSH ratio were lowered, luteal phase LH and FSH increased, midcycle E2 and
      luteal phase P and the P to E2 ratio decreased, luteal phase T and the free T
      index and androstenedione increased, and luteal phase 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone
      decreased. During the early follicular phase and at midcycle the ratios of T to
      E2 and androstenedione to E2 were increased, and at midcycle and during the
      luteal phase of the cycle the ratio of T to 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone was
      increased. These changes in steroid hormones were probably of ovarian origin
      since the serum concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and sex hormone
      binding globulin were similar in seriously disturbed and control cycles. Four of
      the nine study subjects were hyperprolactinemia sensitive (disturbed
      folliculogenesis) and five hyperprolactinemia resistant (no disturbance in
      folliculogenesis). During the control cycles the hyperprolactinemia-sensitive
      women had significantly higher serum concentrations of T than the other women.
      The present observations indicate that hyperprolactinemia may impair the
      development of the ovarian follicles during their recruitment period, especially
      in women with relatively high serum T levels.

PMID- 6384261
TI  - Hyponatremia in congestive heart failure: implications for neurohumoral
      activation and responses to orthostasis.
AB  - To study the relationship between serum Na concentration and impairment of
      homeostatic mechanisms in advanced congestive heart failure (CHF), we evaluated
      the status of the sympathetic nervous system, renin-angiotensin system, and
      regional visceral blood flow in 26 patients with this syndrome. Compared with
      normal subjects, hyponatremic patients had marked stimulation of PRA (P = 0.012),
      norepinephrine (P less than 0.001), and epinephrine (P less than 0.001) with
      severe impairment of renal (P less than 0.001) and hepatic (P less than 0.003)
      plasma flows. In contrast, normonatremic patients, with an apparently similar
      degree of CHF, demonstrated less pronounced abnormalities in all of these
      parameters. Moreover, the responses of neurohormones and regional blood flow to
      orthostatic stress were greatly attenuated in the hyponatremic patients, whereas,
      the normonatremic subjects had more normal responses. We conclude that serum Na
      concentration serves as a useful index of activation of the sympathetic nervous
      system, renin-angiotensin system, and impairment of regional perfusion in
      patients with advanced CHF.

PMID- 6384262
TI  - Myosin light chains of avian and mammalian slow muscles: peptide mapping of 2S
      light chains.
AB  - The 2S light chains of mammalian and avian slow muscle myosin, indistinguishable
      by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, have been examined by peptide mapping.
      The fragments obtained with S. aureus V8 protease were analysed either by gel
      electrophoresis or by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The
      peptide maps of avian 2S light chains contain fragments distinct from those of
      mammalian 2S light chains. Chicken and turkey LC2S appear to be more similar to
      each other than those from mammalian species (rat and rabbit). These results are
      in agreement with the relative phylogenetic distances among the four species
      studied here. The 2S light chain of slow muscle represent further examples of
      polypeptides which comigrate in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in spite of
      their different peptide maps.

PMID- 6384263
TI  - A practical enzyme immunoassay for anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies in
      myasthenia gravis.
AB  - A practical enzyme immunoassay (EIA) has been developed for the measurement of
      anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies in sera from patients with
      myasthenia gravis (MG). This system is based on the double antibody technique,
      using denervated rat muscle AChR labeled with horseradish peroxidase-linked alpha
      bungarotoxin (HRP-alpha BGT). This method has the following advantages compared
      to conventional radioimmunoassay (RIA): (1) HRP-alpha BGT is more stable than
      [125I]alpha BGT and can be used for at least one year without any loss of the
      binding activity to AChR and enzymatic activity, (2) the procedure avoids the use
      of radioactive isotopes, and (3) the equipment for our EIA is more economical
      than that for RIA.

PMID- 6384264
TI  - Identification and immunolocalization by monoclonal antibody of NSP-5, a surface
      polypeptide of neural cells.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody, termed anti-NSP-5 (anti-Neural cell Surface Protein-5) was
      obtained from an hybridoma generated by fusing rat myeloma cells with splenocytes
      of a rat immunized with membranes from the cerebella of weaver mutant mice. This
      antibody reacted with the surface membrane of a subset of neurones in cultures
      from cerebella and dorsal root ganglia. In both culture systems, only tetanus
      toxin-positive cells were stained by the antibody. In sections of adult
      cerebellum a punctate pattern of staining was seen in the molecular layer, the
      Purkinje cell layer and the upper part of the granule cell layer. The white
      matter was strongly positive whereas granule cell and Purkinje cell bodies were
      clearly negative. In sections from adult dorsal root ganglia anti-NSP-5 labeled
      most sensory neurones including their axones in the dorsal roots. The expression
      of the antigen was developmentally regulated. It could not be detected in
      cerebellar cultures prepared from animals younger than 7 days, in good agreement
      with the data obtained on tissue sections. Similarly, the antigen could not be
      detected by immunoblotting in neonatal spinal cord, but a NSP-5-reactive band was
      present at postnatal day 7. The antibody bound a polypeptide of around MW 180 000
      in extracts prepared from adult mouse spinal cord or cerebellum. When purified by
      immunoaffinity chromatography the antigen co-eluted with numerous strongly
      associated polypeptides. Upon subcellular fractionation most of it remained
      associated with a Triton-X100 insoluble fraction thus co-distributing with the
      cytoskeleton.

PMID- 6384265
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diagnostic and investigative medicine.

PMID- 6384266
TI  - Immune function in severe, active rheumatoid arthritis. A relationship between
      peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation to soluble antigens and synovial
      tissue immunohistologic characteristics.
AB  - The immunohistology of synovium from a tender, swollen knee and peripheral blood
      cellular immune function were correlated in 24 clinically similar patients with
      active, seropositive rheumatoid arthritis who were not taking cytotoxic or long
      acting antirheumatic drugs. The patients were classified as anergic (n = 6) or
      nonanergic (n = 18) on the basis of peripheral blood mononuclear cell
      proliferative responses to a battery of soluble recall antigens. The peripheral
      blood mononuclear cells of anergic patients failed to respond significantly to
      any soluble recall antigen, whereas cells from nonanergic patients responded to
      at least one such antigen. Multiple pieces of synovial tissue were obtained from
      each patient at arthroscopy. To minimize intrajoint variability, all pieces were
      analyzed and averaged to determine a composite profile of abnormalities. Synovial
      specimens from all six anergic patients had "high intensity" lymphocytic
      infiltration (group A). In sharp contrast, synovial specimens from 15 of 18
      nonanergic patients had "low intensity" lymphocytic infiltration (group B) (P =
      0.002). Group A tissues typically showed higher intensity T cell and plasma cell
      infiltration, more synovial lining layer hyperplasia, more HLA-DR bearing cells,
      and a higher ratio of Leu 3A/Leu 2A T cells than did group B. Group B tissues had
      fewer infiltrating cells (most of which were OKM1 and HLA-DR bearing), more
      extensive fibrin deposition, and far fewer T and plasma cells. Although these
      data do not imply that synovium from different joints in an individual patient
      are immunohistologically identical, they do provide evidence that peripheral
      blood mononuclear cell immune function reflects immunopathologic events in the
      biopsied joint. Moreover, the data further support the view that clinically
      active rheumatoid arthritis is, like certain other chronic inflammatory
      conditions, a heterogeneous disorder with polar subgroups.

PMID- 6384267
TI  - Relationships between insulin secretion, insulin action, and fasting plasma
      glucose concentration in nondiabetic and noninsulin-dependent diabetic subjects.
AB  - The relationships between insulin secretion, insulin action, and fasting plasma
      glucose concentration (FPG) were examined in 34 southwest American Indians (19
      nondiabetics, 15 noninsulin-dependent diabetics) who had a broad range of FPG (88
      310 mg/100 ml). Fasting, glucose-stimulated, and meal-stimulated plasma insulin
      concentrations were negatively correlated with FPG in diabetics but not in
      nondiabetics. In contrast, fasting and glucose-stimulated plasma C-peptide
      concentrations did not decrease with increasing FPG in either group and 24-h
      urinary C-peptide excretion during a diet of mixed composition was positively
      correlated with FPG for all subjects (r = 0.36, P less than 0.05). Fasting free
      fatty acid (FFA) was correlated with FPG in nondiabetics (r = 0.49, P less than
      0.05) and diabetics (r = 0.77, P less than 0.001). Fasting FFA was also
      correlated with the isotopically determined endogenous glucose production rate in
      the diabetics (r = 0.54, P less than 0.05). Endogenous glucose production was
      strongly correlated with FPG in the diabetics (r = 0.90, P less than 0.0001), but
      not in the nondiabetics. Indirect calorimetry showed that FPG was also negatively
      correlated with basal glucose oxidation rates (r = -0.61, P less than 0.001), but
      positively with lipid oxidation (r = 0.74, P less than 0.001) in the diabetics.
      Insulin action was measured as total insulin-mediated glucose disposal, glucose
      oxidation, and storage rates, using the euglycemic clamp with simultaneous
      indirect calorimetry at plasma insulin concentrations of 135 +/- 5 and 1738 +/-
      59 microU/ml. These parameters of insulin action were significantly, negatively
      correlated with FPG in the nondiabetics at both insulin concentrations, but not
      in the diabetics although all the diabetics had markedly decreased insulin
      action. We conclude that decreased insulin action is present in the noninsulin
      dependent diabetics in this population and marked hyperglycemia occurs with the
      addition of decreased peripheral insulin availability. Decreased peripheral
      insulin availability leads to increased FFA concentrations and lipid oxidation
      rates (and probably also increased concentrations of gluconeogenic precursors)
      that together stimulate gluconeogenesis, hepatic glucose production, and
      progressive hyperglycemia.

PMID- 6384268
TI  - Local generation of angiotensin II as a mechanism of regulation of peripheral
      vascular tone in the rat.
AB  - Renin is present in vascular smooth muscle cells and has been shown to coexist
      with angiotensins I (AI) and II (AII) in many cell types. Accordingly, we
      postulated that the renin-angiotensin system controls vascular tone, not by the
      action of circulating renal renin but rather, by the local generation of
      angiotensin by vascular renin. Isolated rat hindquarters were perfused in vitro
      with Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing 7% albumin, and flow-adjusted to obtain a
      perfusion pressure of approximately 90 mmHg. Infusion of 4.8 nmol X min-1 for 5
      min of AII or AI markedly increased perfusion pressure. An identical dose of the
      synthetic tetradecaptide of renin substrate (TDCP-RS) increased pressure
      similarly to AI. The pressure increase evoked by TDCP-RS was markedly decreased
      by captopril and by two different peptides that inhibit renin. Renin activity in
      the perfusate, incubated with semipurified rat renin substrate, was 21 +/- 3 pg
      AI X ml-1 X h-1 (mean +/- SEM) at 15 min of perfusion and 47 +/- 4 pg AI X ml-1 X
      h-1 at 45 min (n = 9; P less than 0.01). When TDCP-RS was infused at 4.8 nmol X
      min-1 for 5 min in the presence of captopril, AI in the perfusate increased
      linearly at a rate of 16.5 pmol X min-1 for 10 min (n = 5). The results indicate
      that TDCP-RS constricted the vasculature by its conversion to AII and suggest
      that AII was generated from a two-step hydrolysis of TDCP-RS by renin and
      converting enzyme. The data thus suggest that the renin-angiotensin system
      controls vascular tone by the local generation of AII by renin and converting
      enzyme in the vasculature.

PMID- 6384269
TI  - Diminished B cell secretory capacity in patients with noninsulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus.
AB  - In order to assess whether patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
      (NIDDM) possess normal insulin secretory capacity, maximal B cell responsiveness
      to the potentiating effects of glucose was estimated in eight untreated patients
      with NIDDM and in eight nondiabetic controls. The acute insulin response to 5 g
      intravenous arginine was measured at five matched plasma glucose levels that
      ranged from approximately 100-615 mg/dl. The upper asymptote approached by acute
      insulin responses (AIRmax) and the plasma glucose concentration at half-maximal
      responsiveness (PG50) were estimated using nonlinear regression to fit a
      modification of the Michaelis-Menten equation. In addition, glucagon responses to
      arginine were measured at these same glucose levels to compare maximal A cell
      suppression by hyperglycemia in diabetics and controls. Insulin responses to
      arginine were lower in diabetics than in controls at all matched glucose levels
      (P less than 0.001 at all levels). In addition, estimated AIRmax was much lower
      in diabetics than in controls (83 +/- 21 vs. 450 +/- 93 microU/ml, P less than
      0.01). In contrast, PG50 was similar in diabetics and controls (234 +/- 28 vs.
      197 +/- 20 mg/dl, P equals NS) and insulin responses in both groups approached or
      attained maxima at a glucose level of approximately 460 mg/dl. Acute glucagon
      responses to arginine in patients with NIDDM were significantly higher than
      responses in controls at all glucose levels. In addition, although glucagon
      responses in control subjects reached a minimum at a glucose level of
      approximately 460 mg/dl, responses in diabetics declined continuously throughout
      the glucose range and did not reach a minimum. Thus, A cell sensitivity to
      changes in glucose level may be diminished in patients with NIDDM. In summary,
      patients with NIDDM possess markedly decreased maximal insulin responsiveness to
      the potentiating effects of glucose. Such a defect indicates the presence of a
      reduced B cell secretory capacity and suggests a marked generalized impairment of
      B cell function in patients with NIDDM.

PMID- 6384272
TI  - Anxiety management training and anger control for type A individuals.
AB  - The present study sought to explore whether training Type A coronary-prone
      individuals in stress management would result in a diminution of Type A
      behaviors. The effectiveness of a single-method approach that focused
      specifically on anger management was tested. Results showed that the treatment, a
      modified version of Suinn's Anxiety Management Training, was associated with
      significant reductions in Type A inventory (Jenkins Activity Survey) scores. Two
      possible explanations for the results were entertained. First, Type A subjects
      may have experienced a sense of increased control over potentially threatening
      person-environment transactions which decreased the need for Type A coping
      behaviors. And second, the program may have caused Type A subjects to become
      hypersensitive to the uncomfortable symptoms of stress, and since some Type A
      behaviors induce stress, Type B behavior may have been negatively reinforced by
      symptom reduction. It was concluded that the most promising therapeutic target
      for change may be anger/hostility and that a narrow-focus single-method approach
      may be the most efficient and effective strategy for modifying coronary-prone
      behaviors.

PMID- 6384271
TI  - Human multiple organ-reactive monoclonal autoantibody recognizes growth hormone
      and a 35,000-molecular weight protein.
AB  - By fusing peripheral leukocytes from a patient with insulin-dependent diabetes
      with mouse myeloma cells, a heterohybridoma was isolated that, for over one year,
      has secreted a human monoclonal autoantibody, designated MOR-h1 (multiple organ
      reactive human 1). This antibody reacts with antigens in several endocrine organs
      including the pituitary, thyroid, stomach, and pancreas. By double
      immunofluorescence, MOR-h1 was found to react specifically with growth hormone
      (GH)-containing cells in the anterior pituitary and, by enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay, MOR-h1 was shown to react with both natural and biosynthetic
      GH. Absorption experiments revealed that GH could remove the capacity of MOR-h1
      to react not only with cells in the anterior pituitary, but also with cells in
      the thyroid, stomach, and pancreas. The demonstration with hyperimmune serum that
      these organs do not contain GH indicated that MOR-h1 was reacting with a
      different molecule(s) in these organs. By passing extracts of pituitary, thyroid,
      and stomach through an MOR-h1 affinity column and analyzing the eluted antigens
      by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a 35,000-mol wt
      polypeptide was isolated from each of these organs. In addition, a 21,500-mol wt
      polypeptide with an electrophoretic mobility identical to purified human GH was
      isolated from the pituitary, but not the other organs. It is concluded that MOR
      h1 reacts with a 35,000-mol wt polypeptide present in the pituitary, thyroid, and
      stomach and that this antibody also recognizes a determinant on GH.

PMID- 6384270
TI  - Acute regulation of human lymphocyte insulin receptors. Analysis by the glucose
      clamp.
AB  - The T lymphocyte insulin receptor model has been used to explore the regulation
      of insulin receptor appearance in that lymphocytes do not bear the insulin
      receptor in the circulation and thus are not amenable to regulation by virtue of
      ligand binding. Such cells synthesize insulin receptors when stimulated by
      antigen in vivo or in vitro. In these studies, the glucose clamp technique was
      employed to isolate perturbations in plasma glucose and plasma insulin as
      potential mediators of the regulation of the mitogen-induced T lymphocyte insulin
      receptor. Nondiabetic, normal weight individuals volunteered for 10 hyperglycemic
      clamp studies and nine euglycemic clamp studies with five individuals studied by
      both protocols. Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia were created by the
      hyperglycemic clamp (basal plasma glucose was increased from 89 +/- 2 mg/dl to
      230 +/- 2 mg/dl and an insulin of 99 +/- 8 microU/ml was reached). Blood was
      removed for isolation of T lymphocytes at 0, 1, 3, and 4 h of the clamped
      condition. After 1 h of hyperglycemia accompanied by an elevated plasma insulin,
      T cell insulin binding fell from 9.9 +/- 0.9 pg/10(6) lymphocytes to 8.5 +/- 0.9
      pg/10(6), and reached a nadir of 19 +/- 4% at the conclusion of the clamp.
      Scatchard analysis of binding data from two of the subjects who underwent the
      hyperglycemic clamp demonstrated a reduction of the number of binding sites per
      cell without a change in the affinity of ligand for receptor. To separate the
      effects of glucose and insulin and the manner in which insulin is provided, the 4
      h euglycemic clamp was performed in which fasting plasma glucose was maintained
      (95 +/- 2 mg/dl) while constant hyperinsulinemia was created (80 +/- 3
      microU/ml). Insulin binding to activated, cultured T lymphocytes demonstrated a
      similar fall in insulin binding. Scatchard analysis of three additional studies
      again revealed a reduction in receptor number to approximately 40% of base line.
      These studies reveal that T cell insulin receptor regulation is achieved by
      hyperinsulinemia independent of the glucose level achieved. The reduction in
      insulin binding and receptor number could not be accounted for by variations in
      the strength of lectin stimulation, the time course of lectin response, or by the
      stress of the clamp itself. The effect of the clamp was specific for the
      lymphocyte insulin receptor in that the clamp had little effect on the
      interleukin II receptor activation marker. Acute changes in plasma insulin by the
      glucose clamp technique are perceived by the T lymphocyte and displayed in tissue
      culture by an alteration in lectin-induced insulin receptors. One can conclude
      that rapid changes in ambient in vivo insulin concentrations can regulate the
      synthesis of T lymphocyte insulin receptors generated in vitro.

PMID- 6384273
TI  - Mark Twain: behaviorist.

PMID- 6384274
TI  - New attachment formation as the result of controlled tissue regeneration.
AB  - The present study was designed to examine whether new attachment forms on root
      surfaces previously exposed to plaque by preventing the oral epithelium and the
      gingival connective tissue from participating in the process of healing following
      treatment. 4 roots in each of 3 monkeys were used as test units while the roots
      of contralateral teeth served as controls. A surgical procedure was first used to
      expose the coronal half of the buccal root surfaces. Plaque was allowed to
      accumulate on the exposed surfaces for a period of 6 months. Subsequently, soft
      tissue flaps were raised and the root surfaces were carefully scaled and planed.
      The crowns of the test and control teeth were resected and the mucosal flaps were
      repositioned and sutured in such a way that the roots were properly covered.
      Immediately prior to suturing, membranes (Millipore filter or Gore-tex membrane)
      were placed over the denuded root surfaces of the test teeth in order to prevent
      granulation tissue from the soft tissue flaps from reaching the roots during
      healing. The monkeys were sacrificed 3 months later. The jaws were removed and
      histological sections of test and control roots including their periodontal
      tissues were produced. New cementum with inserting collagen fibers was observed
      on the previously exposed surfaces of both test and control roots. However, the
      test surfaces exhibited considerably more new attachment than the control
      surfaces, indicating that the placement of the membrane favoured repopulation of
      the wound area adjacent to the roots by cells originating from the periodontal
      ligament.

PMID- 6384275
TI  - Long-term maintenance of patients treated for advanced periodontal disease.
AB  - The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the periodontal conditions
      of a group of patients who, following active treatment of extremely advanced
      periodontal disease, had been maintained for 14 years in a well-supervised
      maintenance care program. The present sample included 61 subjects out of an
      initial group of 75 individuals who in 1969 were referred to and treated by the
      authors. Following an initial examination, the patients were given detailed
      instructions in proper plaque control measures and were subjected to scaling and
      root planning and surgical elimination of pathologically deepened pockets. After
      the termination of the active treatment phase, the patients were placed in a
      maintenance care program including recall appointments every 3-6 months. At the
      initial examination, immediately after the completion of the active treatment
      phase and then once a year, all patients were examined regarding oral hygiene,
      gingival conditions, probing depths and clinical attachment levels. In addition,
      the interproximal alveolar bone height was determined from full mouth radiographs
      obtained before active treatment, at the completion of active therapy and 1, 3,
      5, 8, 10, 12 and 14 years after treatment. The results from the repeated
      examinations demonstrated that treatment of advanced forms of periodontal disease
      resulted in clinically healthy periodontal conditions and that this state of
      "periodontal health" could be maintained in most patients and sites over a period
      of 14 years. It was also demonstrated that the treatment and maintenance programs
      described were equally effective in young and older patients. The individual mean
      values describing probing depths, attachment levels, and bone heights did not
      vary significantly over the 14 years of observation. A more detailed analysis of
      the data revealed, however, that a small number of sites in a few patients lost a
      substantial amount of attachment. This attachment loss occurred at different time
      intervals during the course of the maintenance period. Thus, 43 surfaces in 15
      different patients were exposed to recurrent periodontal disease of a significant
      magnitude. This recurrent inflammatory periodontal disease caused the loss of 16
      teeth in 7 different patients during the maintenance period. The data reported
      question the validity of using individual mean values to describe alterations of
      the periodontal conditions during maintenance following active periodontal
      therapy.

PMID- 6384276
TI  - Effect of various root surface treatments on the attachment and growth of human
      gingival fibroblasts: histologic and scanning electron microscopic evaluation.
AB  - Human teeth extracted because of advanced periodontal disease were obtained. The
      portions of the roots which had been exposed in periodontal pockets were either
      untreated or were treated with root planing or citric acid, or root planing
      followed by citric acid. Human gingival fibroblasts were then added to the roots
      so treated and were allowed to incubate for 72 h. The ability of cells to attach
      to and grow onto these roots was assessed by means of gross evaluation of
      staining intensity and by histologic and scanning electron microscopic
      observation. The results of multiple experiments in each root-treatment category
      indicated that only roots which had been planed, whether or not citric acid
      demineralization was used, promoted cell attachment and growth. In addition,
      there were no discernible morphologic differences in the cells which were plated
      onto roots which were root planed only, compared to those which were root planed
      and citric-acid treated. In both situations too, the cells displayed morphology
      typical of human gingival fibroblasts in culture.

PMID- 6384277
TI  - Antiarrhythmic therapy: clinical pharmacology update.
AB  - Currently available antiarrhythmic agents are limited by side effects and the
      potential for increasing arrhythmias. In addition, drug interactions, altered
      disposition of drug as a result of changes in protein binding or concomitant
      disease processes, active metabolites, and poorly defined therapeutic ranges with
      great interpatient variability are some of the factors which complicate therapy.
      An awareness of the possible contribution of these factors in the use of
      antiarrhythmics is invaluable in both the choice of agent and the establishment
      of an optimum benefit-to-risk ratio for the patient.

PMID- 6384278
TI  - The assessment of antidysrhythmic drugs.
AB  - Assessments of efficacy of antidysrhythmic drugs at different clinical arrhythmia
      centers frequently produce discordant data, probably because of differences in
      patient population, technology to assess efficacy, study design, and concomitant
      drugs such as digitalis, diuretics, beta-adrenergic blocking agents, and calcium
      channel blockers. Furthermore, different doses employed may greatly influence the
      toxicity and efficacy of both conventional and experimental antiarrhythmic drugs.
      These variables make the design of studies in the field of antiarrhythmic therapy
      both difficult and of critical importance. The serious and complex nature of the
      disease entity against which these drugs are directed constitutes a considerable
      public health problem which requires that the problems be addressed in a definite
      and timely way.

PMID- 6384279
TI  - The effect of captopril on renal hemodynamics in hypertensive patients.
AB  - The effects of captopril (50 or 100 mg t.i.d.) with and without
      hydrochlorothiazide (25 or 50 mg/day) on renal blood flow, glomerular filtration
      rate, and the renin-angiotensin system were determined in 20 patients with mild
      to moderate essential hypertension. Normalization of blood pressure (supine
      diastolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg) was achieved in 12 patients after
      four or six weeks of captopril alone (147 +/- 3/100 +/- 3 mm Hg after a two-week
      placebo lead-in vs. 135 +/- 4/83 +/- 1 mm Hg after captopril, P less than 0.01/P
      less than 0.001). In these 12 patients, no significant alterations in renal blood
      flow or glomerular filtration rate were observed. Plasma renin activity increased
      two- to threefold above baseline levels, whereas serum and urinary aldosterone
      decreased by 23 and 35 per cent, respectively. Eight other patients remained
      hypertensive after four weeks of captopril alone (165 +/- 6/110 +/- 3 vs. 156 +/-
      8/102 +/- 4 mmHg, P greater than 0.05/P less than 0.05). With addition of
      hydrochlorothiazide, blood pressure fell (P less than 0.001) to 129 +/- 7/84 +/-
      3 mm Hg. Captopril alone or in combination with diuretic had no significant
      effect on renal hemodynamics. In the eight patients requiring diuretic, plasma
      renin activity remained constant after captopril monotherapy, but rose threefold
      after hydrochlorothiazide was added. The combination of these two
      antihypertensive agents significantly lowered serum aldosterone levels and
      urinary aldosterone excretion by 53 and 50 per cent, respectively. In summary,
      captopril with and without a thiazide diuretic reduced blood pressure without
      altering renal hemodynamics.

PMID- 6384281
TI  - Comparative localization of neurons containing ovine corticotropin releasing
      factor (CRF)-like and neurophysin-like immunoreactivity in the diencephalon of
      the pigeon (Columba livia domestica).
AB  - Neural elements immunoreactive for ovine corticotropin releasing factor-like
      immunoreactivity (oCRF-LI) were shown to be present in the diencephalon of the
      pigeon by using peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemistry. The external zone
      of the anterior median eminence contains a rich network of varicose oCRF-LI
      fibers in close proximity to the pituitary portal capillaries. Perikarya reactive
      for oCRF-LI were found in several regions known to innervate the median eminence
      and gave rise to axons which joined the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract. A close
      topographical relationship between neurophysin-containing and oCRF-LI-containing
      neurons was found in anterior periventricular regions. These observations suggest
      that oCRF-LI material might be involved in the hypothalmic control of anterior
      pituitary hormone secretion in birds, and that neurophysin- and oCRF-LI-producing
      nerve cells might be functionally coupled.

PMID- 6384280
TI  - Serotoninergic axonal contacts on identified cat spinal dorsal horn neurons and
      their correlation with nucleus raphe magnus stimulation.
AB  - This study examined the distribution of serotoninergic (5-HT) immunoreactive
      axonal contacts on spinal laminae I and II neurons by combining the intracellular
      horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method with immunocytochemistry. In addition, the 5
      HT distribution was correlated with effects produced by electrical stimulation
      within the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM). Responses of lamina I neurons and lamina
      II stalked cells to noxious stimulation were markedly suppressed during NRM
      stimulation. In contrast, responses of nociceptive lamina IIa islet or non
      nociceptive lamina IIb islet cells remained unchanged during nucleus raphe magnus
      stimulation. These inhibitory influences were positively correlated with the
      distribution of 5-HT immunoreactive contacts on these neurons. Nociceptive lamina
      I neurons and lamina II stalked cells received a significantly greater number of
      contacts (average of 74 and 63, respectively) than either nociceptive lamina IIa
      islet or non-nociceptive lamina IIb islet cells (average of 25 and eight
      contacts, respectively). Irrespective of cell type, most 5-HT contacts occurred
      on dendritic shafts rather than spines. These data reveal a differential
      distribution of 5-HT contacts on neurons in spinal laminae I and II, and indicate
      that at least a portion of the NRM modulation of dorsal horn neuronal activity is
      serotoninergic and concentrated on the dendritic shafts of nociceptive lamina I
      neurons and lamina II stalked cells.

PMID- 6384282
TI  - Response of warts in epidermodysplasia verruciformis to treatment with systemic
      and intralesional alpha interferon.
AB  - The susceptibility of human papillomavirus infection to polyclonal human
      leukocyte interferon (IFN-alpha) has been evaluated in patients with
      epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV), a disease with extensive chronic
      papillomavirus-induced warts. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study with
      intralesional IFN-alpha, four of five IFN-alpha-treated warts regressed; none of
      the placebo-treated warts responded (p = 0.024). Three patients with EV were
      treated with systemic IFN-alpha for 4 weeks in an open study, achieving partial
      regression of warts in all three. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study,
      warts in two children with EV regressed with systemic IFN-alpha while two who
      received placebo showed no improvement. The lesions recurred following cessation
      of therapy. At the completion of therapy with IFN-alpha, histologic normalization
      was accompanied by a 95% decrease in the number of viral antigen-containing cells
      in the warts (p less than 0.001). We conclude that warts in EV respond to
      systemic and intralesional IFN-alpha.

PMID- 6384283
TI  - T cell subpopulations in alopecia areata.
AB  - Alopecia areata remains a disease of unknown cause and unsatisfactory treatment.
      Histologically it is characterized by a lymphocytic infiltrate that surrounds the
      lower half of the hair follicle. Our findings show that 64% to 92% of this
      infiltrate is composed of T lymphocytes bearing the Leu 3a (helper-inducer)
      phenotype. The remaining lymphocytes demonstrate the Leu 2a (cytotoxic
      suppressor) phenotype. This helper T cell predominance is present in all
      patients, irrespective of clinical activity or duration of disease. The Leu
      3a/Leu 2a ratio ranged from 2.6 to 19.8, the higher ratios being seen in patients
      with clinically active disease. The cutaneous infiltrate also is Ia-positive,
      indicating the activated nature of these lymphocytes.

PMID- 6384284
TI  - The lupus band test: a re-evaluation.
AB  - The lupus band test is widely regarded as a sensitive test in the diagnosis of
      lupus erythematosus, particularly as applied to cutaneous lesions. It is commonly
      said to be positive in 90% or more of lesions in discoid and systemic lupus.
      Other criteria for diagnosis are often not specified in previous studies. This
      and the subjective element of immunofluorescence microscopy raise some doubts
      about the sensitivity of the test for skin lesions. In this comparative light
      microscopy and immunofluorescence study, the lupus band test was positive in only
      67% of discoid lesions and 73% of lesions in systemic lupus. The test was
      occasionally positive where light microscopy was inconclusive and was positive in
      82% of systemic lupus patients' uninvolved skin. IgM was an infrequent reactant
      in the lupus band. The significance of these findings is discussed.

PMID- 6384285
TI  - Double-blind efficacy study of selenium sulfide in tinea versicolor.
AB  - Selenium sulfide (2.5%) lotion applied daily for 10 minutes for 7 consecutive
      days was found to be an effective therapeutic agent, significantly superior to
      the vehicle, in a double-blind study in the treatment of tinea versicolor. Mild
      transitory contact dermatitis of the primary irritant type occurred in all the
      treatment groups and was apparently due to the detergent base.

PMID- 6384286
TI  - Articles selected from the nondermatologic literature of interest to
      dermatologists.

PMID- 6384287
TI  - Immunoperoxidase methods and advances in skin biology.
AB  - This review presents an abbreviated discussion of a technic the application of
      which is having profound effects on approaches to pathologic diagnosis,
      classification of tumors, analysis of cell infiltrates in the skin, and a variety
      of research problems. Its use will continue to increase as more physicians,
      pathologists, and researchers become acquainted with its potential.

PMID- 6384288
TI  - Modern textbooks of dermatopathology and acantholysis of Auspitz.

PMID- 6384289
TI  - Topical minoxidil for hair regrowth.
AB  - Minoxidil, a potent peripheral vasodilator used orally for refractory
      hypertension, has produced hypertrichosis. To determine the efficacy and safety
      of 1% or 5% topical minoxidil for the stimulation of scalp hair regrowth, we
      studied fifteen normotensive patients, five with androgenic alopecia and ten with
      alopecia areata diagnosed clinically and by biopsy, for 12 months. Three of five
      patients with androgenic alopecia using 5% minoxidil for 12 months noted hair
      regrowth, ranging from minimally observable hair to an appreciable restoration of
      larger, pigmented, terminal hair in one patient. Among the patients with
      androgenic alopecia, regrowth response corresponded to the serum minoxidil blood
      levels. None of the patients with alopecia areata receiving either 1% or 5%
      minoxidil noted hair regrowth despite comparable minoxidil blood levels. Improved
      local absorption of topical minoxidil solution may promote hair regrowth in
      androgenic alopecia.

PMID- 6384290
TI  - Granuloma inguinale.
AB  - An unusual American epidemic consisting of twenty cases of granuloma inguinale is
      chronicled. Evidence from this series supports the venereal transmission of the
      disorder. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole proved to be a safe and effective
      therapy.

PMID- 6384291
TI  - Role of ultraviolet A in phototherapy for psoriasis.
AB  - Multiple studies have demonstrated that the doses of ultraviolet A (UVA) (320-400
      nm) achieved with ultraviolet sources presently used for phototherapy for
      psoriasis are inadequate to induce coal tar phototoxicity (as manifested by
      delayed erythema). Some centers still use a phototherapy protocol that combines
      UVA, ultraviolet B (UVB), and tar for the treatment of generalized psoriasis. We
      designed a bilateral comparison study to determine whether the addition of UVA to
      one side, in doses sufficient to induce an immediate burning or smarting
      sensation in tar-treated skin, would add to the beneficial effects of UVB. The
      psoriasis of ten of thirteen ambulatory patients cleared in a mean of 26.1
      treatments. Despite a mean cumulative UVA dose of 130.8 joules/cm2, none of the
      thirteen patients showed a better response on the side that received additional
      UVA. A "nonaggressive" inpatient protocol was designed to maximize the chances of
      demonstrating a beneficial effect of UVA. The psoriasis of eight of twelve
      patients cleared in a mean of 21.0 treatments. Despite a mean cumulative UVA dose
      of 40.3 joules/cm2, the twelve patients showed no difference in clearing between
      sides. The threshold for smarting increased throughout the treatment and provided
      a convenient guide to the delivery of increasing doses of UVA. In doses
      sufficient to induce coal tar phototoxicity manifested by the smarting reaction,
      UVA does not add to the known benefits of UVB phototherapy.

PMID- 6384292
TI  - Congenital self-healing reticulohistiocytosis. Report of the seventh case with
      histochemical and ultrastructural studies.
AB  - A new case of congenital self-healing reticulohistiocytosis was studied with S
      100 antibody and electron microscopy. Many tumor cells were S-100-positive and
      contained Langerhans cell (LC) granules and concentrically laminated dense
      bodies. Octopus-like bodies and wormlike bodies were also found. The formation of
      LC granules at the cytomembrane was frequently found, not only between the
      cytomembrane and its own villi, but also between the cytomembranes of adjoining
      cells. These findings strongly support the cytomembrane origin of LC granules in
      general.

PMID- 6384293
TI  - Reevaluation of specificity of Crithidia luciliae kinetoplast as a substrate for
      detecting antibodies to double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid.
AB  - Until now, the kinetoplast of the hemoflagellate Crithidia luciliae has been
      believed to be a specific indirect immunofluorescence substrate for detecting
      antibodies to double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). We have recently
      identified a patient in whom there was the apparent presence of procainamide
      induced antinuclear antibodies at a titer of 1/1,280 on mouse kidney sections.
      This patient's serum also contained antihistone antibodies at a titer of 1:1,280,
      on the basis of a mouse kidney section histone reconstitution assay. In addition,
      results of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a pure histone
      preparation were strongly positive. We found that this serum produced C. luciliae
      fluorescence to a titer of 1:80. After pretreatment of the C. luciliae substrate
      with hydrochloric acid to remove histones, this serum no longer produced
      kinetoplast fluorescence. However, this serum again produced kinetoplast
      fluorescence when assayed on a hydrochloric acid-treated C. luciliae substrate
      that had been reconstituted with purified histone. The negative kinetoplast
      reactivity after hydrochloric acid treatment of the C. luciliae substrate
      suggests that the antibody is reacting with acid-extractable nucleic acids, not
      necessarily the double-stranded DNA, or the antibody is directed against nuclear
      proteins such as DNA-histone complexes of deoxyribonucleoprotein. The finding
      that reactivity reappeared after the histone was reconstituted back to the
      hydrochloric acid-treated C. luciliae substrate suggests that the primary
      antibody in this serum is directed against DNA-histone complexes or histone
      alone. These findings strongly suggest that the kinetoplast of C. luciliae
      contains antigens other than double-stranded DNA and that is not a specific
      substrate for the detection of double-stranded DNA antibodies by indirect
      immunofluorescence.

PMID- 6384294
TI  - Relationships between antinuclear and anti-Ro/SS-A antibodies in subacute
      cutaneous lupus erythematosus.
AB  - A certain degree of confusion has arisen regarding the relationship between
      patients having subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) and those with
      "antinuclear antibody-negative" systemic lupus erythematosus (ANA-negative SLE).
      One of the confusing issues relates to published differences in the autoimmune
      serologic findings of these two patient groups. In order to clarify this issue,
      we have screened the sera from thirty-seven patients with SCLE for the presence
      of fluorescent antinuclear antibodies (FANA) on two different substrates--human
      Hep-2 tissue culture cells and mouse kidney sections. In addition, these same
      sera were assayed for anti-Ro/SS-A precipitin antibodies. Seventy-eight percent
      of the sera were FANA-positive at a titer of 1:10 or greater when tested on human
      Hep-2 cells, whereas 76% were positive at a titer of 1:80 or greater. Fifty-one
      percent were positive on mouse kidney sections at a titer of 1:10 or greater,
      whereas 46% were positive at a titer of 1:20 or greater. Twenty-two percent of
      these sera were completely FANA-negative on both human and mouse substrates. None
      of these sera that were negative on both substrates contained anti-Ro/SS-A
      antibodies. However, 69% of the sera that were FANA-positive on both human and
      mouse substrates were found to have detectable anti-Ro/SS-A antibodies. Ninety
      percent of the SCLE sera that were FANA-positive on human Hep-2 cells, but
      negative on mouse kidney sections, contained anti-Ro/SS-A antibodies. These sera
      gave a speckle-like, or particulate, nuclear immunofluorescence staining
      pattern.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6384295
TI  - Evaluation of isotretinoin treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa.
AB  - Eight patients with a long-standing hidradenitis suppurativa were treated with
      isotretinoin, 0.71 to 1.2 mg/kg/day, as a single agent for 4 months and have had
      follow-up of at least 2 months. The clinical status was judged as cleared in one
      patient, almost cleared in three patients, improved in one patient, not changed
      in two patients, and worse in one patient.

PMID- 6384296
TI  - Yellow nail syndrome.
AB  - Yellow nail syndrome was first described in 1964 by Samman and White. The full
      syndrome consists of the triad yellow nails, lymphedema, and pleural effusions
      with associated respiratory tract involvement. However, yellow nails alone or
      with any combination of the triad is termed yellow nail syndrome. We are
      describing a patient with yellow nails and pulmonary disease, whose nails cleared
      after resolution of his pulmonary condition. Although various therapeutic
      approaches have been used, the treatment of pulmonary disease was important in
      our patient.

PMID- 6384297
TI  - Effect of entirely preformed stainless steel crowns on periodontal health in
      primary, mixed dentitions.
AB  - The use of precrimped stainless steel crowns on primary molars leads to an
      insignificant, clinically acceptable irritation of the gingiva in the primary and
      mixed dentition. Precrimped crowns on first permanent molars, however, can only
      be judged safe until the age of fifteen. To avoid alveolar bone loss, stainless
      steel crowns should then be replaced by perfectly fitting cast crowns.

PMID- 6384298
TI  - Selection of Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli in an intra-oral human caries
      model.
AB  - Microbiologic changes during caries development underneath a plaque-retaining
      band were investigated by the use of selective media for streptococci,
      Streptococcus mutans, and lactobacilli. The final four-week plaque samples on 16
      experimental teeth in six young subjects were assessed. Seven experimental teeth
      in three other subjects were sampled at baseline and after one, two, and four
      weeks. All 23 experimental teeth developed a white spot lesion. In the final four
      week plaque samples on the lesions, S. mutans accounted for 8% and lactobacilli
      0.1% of the total CFU, both being significantly higher than in plaque from
      unbanded control surfaces. All experimental teeth sampled during lesion formation
      showed consistently elevated plaque levels of S. mutans and lactobacilli in
      comparison with baseline and control values at weeks one, two, and four. The
      results demonstrated a cariogenic environment in the human mouth associated with
      rapid selection of aciduric bacterial species such as S. mutans and lactobacilli.

PMID- 6384300
TI  - Build-up and repair of light-cured composites: bond strength.
AB  - Interfacial bond strengths of light-activated composites were measured as a
      function of age using a transverse strength test. Bond strength between layers
      decreased with the age of the initial layer and reflected the setting curves of
      the composites. The highly-filled composites exhibited the greatest bond
      strengths. Uncut surfaces provided a better substrate for bonding than did ground
      surfaces. Use of a bonding agent on both uncut and ground surfaces improved bond
      strengths. Mean repair strengths of light-activated composites were similar to
      those of self-curing composites. Composites with ground surfaces aged for one wk
      had mean repair strengths 27% of the cohesive strength without bonding agent and
      48% with bonding agent.

PMID- 6384299
TI  - Fluoride-treated roots and viability and attachment of human gingival
      fibroblasts.
AB  - Topical fluoride treatment is used to help prevent root caries. It may also be
      useful in periodontal therapy because of its antimicrobial property. In addition,
      for therapeutic new attachment to occur, the fibroblasts approximating the
      treated root surface should remain viable, and should also be able to attach and
      grow onto the treated root surface. These conditions, at least, are required for
      fluoride not to interfere with new attachment. This study was designed to
      determine whether treatment of roots with fluoride adversely affects human
      gingival fibroblasts in culture; and what effect fluoride treatment has on
      attachment and growth of cells to the root surface. Cells originally obtained
      from human gingiva were allowed to grow to confluency in multi-well tissue
      culture petri dishes, and were then incubated for 24 hr in the presence of root
      sections as follows: (1) no treatment; (2) root-planed only; (3) 2% NaF only; (4)
      root-planed + 2% NaF; (5) root-planed + citric acid, pH 1 + 2% NaF. In addition,
      cells were plated onto roots similarly treated and were subsequently allowed to
      incubate for 72 hr. Viability of cells was determined by exclusion of vital dye
      and 51Cr retention. Attachment and growth of cells were determined by histology
      and scanning electron microscopy. Results indicated that, after 24 hours'
      exposure, there was little or no difference in cell viability between different
      treatment groups and control cultures. Also, all roots which had been planed
      accommodated cell attachment, regardless of additional treatment
      rendered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6384302
TI  - Repigmentation of leukoderma.

PMID- 6384301
TI  - Inhibition of marginal leakage with a dentin bonding agent.
AB  - Class V cavity preparations were treated in vitro with dentin bonding agents and
      composite. The teeth were thermally cycled, stained, and scored for marginal
      leakage, by a silver stain technique. The composite-only control group leaked
      significantly more than did the dentin-bonding-treated experimental groups. The
      coating of pre-treated dentinal walls with unfilled bonding resin offered no
      advantage with this dentin bonding system.

PMID- 6384303
TI  - Cutaneous metastatic squamous-cell carcinoma in zosteriform distribution.
AB  - A renal transplant patient on immunosuppressives with a history of multiple
      premalignant and malignant skin tumors developed cutaneous metastatic squamous
      cell carcinoma in a typical zosteriform distribution on the right arm and chest.
      This distribution of a squamous-cell carcinoma is unique to the English
      literature and serves to emphasize the necessity for frequent follow-up and
      aggressive treatment in this high-risk population.

PMID- 6384304
TI  - Epidermal Langerhans cells in various skin diseases. (2). Langerhans cells in
      vitiligo.

PMID- 6384305
TI  - Calmodulin activity in the psoriatic epidermis.

PMID- 6384307
TI  - Epidermal nuclear immunofluorescence. Is it a specific marker for mixed
      connective tissue disease?

PMID- 6384306
TI  - Platelet function in Behcet's disease.

PMID- 6384308
TI  - Abnormal and unstable patterns of the DNA of stroma cells in a patient with
      tuberous sclerosis--a flow cytofluorometric investigation.

PMID- 6384309
TI  - Transepithelial elimination of nevus cell nests.

PMID- 6384310
TI  - Studies of the low-molecular-weight keratinase inhibitor of human epidermis.

PMID- 6384311
TI  - Promotion of coagulase release by serum albumin in Staphylococcus aureus derived
      from furuncle.

PMID- 6384312
TI  - Intranuclear tonofilaments in a case of giant condylomata acuminata (Buschke and
      Loewenstein).

PMID- 6384313
TI  - Hypereosinophilic syndrome.

PMID- 6384314
TI  - Trichostasis spinulosa.

PMID- 6384315
TI  - Necrotizing fasciitis.

PMID- 6384316
TI  - A case of MCTD with urticaria-like lesions.

PMID- 6384317
TI  - A basal cell epithelioma on another basal cell epithelioma.

PMID- 6384318
TI  - Perilymphatic atrophy of the skin as visualized by ultraviolet photography.

PMID- 6384319
TI  - [Extracellular and intracellular bacterial lipases].

PMID- 6384321
TI  - Maryland section's ACD day.

PMID- 6384320
TI  - A treasury of dentistry. Henry Cogswell.

PMID- 6384322
TI  - The presidents. Robert Todd Oliver 1930-1931.

PMID- 6384323
TI  - Effects of canal lubrication on retention of cemented posts.
AB  - The effect of lubricating the canal space prior to making a custom acrylic post
      pattern was studied in regard to the retention of cast posts cemented with zinc
      phosphate. Ways of removing the lubricant before cementation were also evaluated.

PMID- 6384324
TI  - Dentistry on stamps.

PMID- 6384325
TI  - The presidents. Martin Dewey 1931-1932.

PMID- 6384326
TI  - Sedation in pediatric dentistry: a practical assessment procedure.
AB  - An assessment model for evaluating sedation in pediatric dental patients has been
      described. The model in whole or in part can be a valuable asset in drug trials
      and clinical evaluations. The unique characteristics of this model include:
      assessments are easily and quickly carried out without interruption of normal
      patient care; the criteria for sedation behavior can be standardized and are
      clinically relevant; a determination of the level of consciousness using an
      airway obstruction maneuver permits an assessment of safety; and the reliability
      of the observer ratings is extremely high, thereby avoiding the necessity of
      specially trained personnel. Using the assessment procedure, a placebo
      controlled, double-blind clinical trial of various doses of chloral hydrate with
      and without N2O was performed. The results indicate that: children receiving the
      placebo treatment behaved favorably for at least 46% of the ratings; the 20 mg/kg
      and 40 mg/kg chloral hydrate groups showed little or no improvement when compared
      with the placebo group; the group receiving 60 mg/kg chloral hydrate had as much
      as a 33% improvement in behavior as compared with placebo; and with the addition
      of 40% N2O/60% O2 to 60 mg/kg chloral hydrate premedication, four of 15 children
      (27%) were unable to maintain a patent airway when intentionally obstructed.

PMID- 6384327
TI  - Ethics in dentistry: review and critique of Principles of Ethics and Code of
      Professional Conduct.
AB  - This paper has reviewed an ethic for the profession of dental medicine, such an
      ethic being grounded in the classical characteristics of a profession. The
      Principles and Code of the ADA have been reviewed and critiqued. The following
      conclusions are drawn: The dental profession and the individual dentist have a
      duty to recognize the reciprocity of the relationship that exists with society,
      and the duty of covenantal fidelity. The dentist has a duty to conduct his or her
      professional life in accordance with the ethical principles rooted in the moral
      rules. These are the principles of beneficence: autonomy and justice, in both
      individual and societal contexts. The dentist has a duty to maintain his or her
      level of knowledge and skill current. The dentist has an obligation to
      participate in the professional community to help ensure just distribution of
      society's resources and to share the burden of professional self-regulation to
      the extent that such a privilege is granted by society. The current Principles
      and Code are helpful expressions of dentistry's professional obligations, but are
      deficient in: not speaking to reciprocity of relationship, the principle of self
      determination, and not providing for societal participation in the covenant
      agreement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6384328
TI  - Amiodarone treatment of critical arrhythmias in children and young adults.
AB  - The majority of sudden cardiac deaths in children occur in patients with prior
      arrhythmias and an abnormal heart. Amiodarone was given to 39 young patients (35
      with an abnormal heart) with arrhythmias unresponsive to conventional treatment.
      Their age ranged from 6 weeks to 30 years with nine patients younger than 2 years
      of age. Atrial flutter was present in 16 patients, ventricular tachycardia in 14
      patients and supraventricular tachycardia in 9 patients. The most common
      diagnosis (14 patients) was postoperative repair of congenital heart disease. The
      dose ranged from 2.5 to 21.6 mg/kg per day (mean 8.2). Elimination of arrhythmia
      (on 24 hour electrocardiography) occurred in 15 of 16 patients with atrial
      flutter, 11 of 14 with ventricular tachycardia and 5 of 9 with supraventricular
      tachycardia. Symptomatic side effects were: rash (three patients), headache (two
      patients), nausea (one patient) and peripheral neuropathy (one patient); seven
      patients had asymptomatic corneal microdeposits which normalized in all after the
      drug was discontinued. No side effects occurred in patients younger than 10 years
      of age. The following changed with treatment (p less than 0.05): heart rate
      decreased (three patients with atrial flutter and sick sinus syndrome required
      pacemaker implantation for bradycardia) and QTc increased; thyroxine (T4) and
      serum reverse triiodothyronine (T3) increased. During follow-up study (range 6
      months to 3 years), 21 of the 39 patients continued to take amiodarone with
      complete control of arrhythmias, 9 were no longer taking the drug and 9 died (7
      nonsudden and 2 sudden deaths). Amiodarone is an extremely effective treatment
      for infants and children with tachyarrhythmias resistant to conventional
      treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6384329
TI  - Platelet function and biosynthesis of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 in whole
      blood after aspirin administration in human subjects.
AB  - Small doses of aspirin have been shown to inhibit platelet thromboxane A2 while
      sparing vascular prostacyclin synthesis. Because leukocytes generate prostacyclin
      and participate in thrombosis along with platelets, the effects of three
      different doses of aspirin (40, 325 and 650 mg) on platelet function as well as
      on endogenous biosynthesis of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin in whole blood were
      examined. In normal volunteers given a single 40 mg dose of aspirin, platelet
      aggregation and adenosine triphosphate release were inhibited for 24 hours. In
      contrast, platelet function was inhibited for 4 to 7 days in volunteers given 325
      or 650 mg of aspirin. Platelet and whole blood generation of thromboxane A2 was
      inhibited less than 60% by the 40 mg dose, but almost completely by both the 325
      and 650 mg doses. Likewise, whole blood generation of prostacyclin was inhibited
      70% by the 40 mg dose and over 90% by the larger doses. Inhibition of thromboxane
      A2 as well as of prostacyclin was evident for 4 days with the 40 mg dose and for
      7 days with the larger doses. Decreases in whole blood thromboxane A2 and
      prostacyclin with any dose of aspirin were of similar magnitude. These data
      indicate that aspirin in doses of 40 to 650 mg inhibits platelet function and
      biosynthesis of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin in whole blood in human beings in
      a dose-dependent fashion.

PMID- 6384330
TI  - Brief psychotherapy with children and their families: the state of the art.

PMID- 6384331
TI  - Notes on psychotherapy research among children and adolescents.

PMID- 6384332
TI  - National Nutrition Monitoring System: a historical perspective.
AB  - The basic goal of nutrition strategy in the United States has been to ensure an
      adequate intake of all essential nutrients for the population. To achieve this
      goal, emphasis has been placed on human nutrition research, studies of the
      dietary and nutritional status of the population and its subgroups, and the
      expansion of federal programs to directly and indirectly enhance food consumption
      patterns, nutrient intake, and the health of the nation's citizens.

PMID- 6384333
TI  - The attitudinal impact of training in gerontology/geriatrics in medical school: a
      review of the literature and perspective.
AB  - The authors review the literature regarding the effect of education on medical
      student attitudes toward patient care and toward geriatric patient care in
      particular. The ability of gerontologic/geriatric programs to foster positive
      attitudes toward the elderly has been modest. Empathically oriented programs that
      stress the establishment of contact with healthy, functioning older persons,
      however, may be twice as effective as cognitively oriented programs that stress
      the acquisition of technical knowledge. The societal, institutional, and
      intra/interpersonal forces that work to facilitate or limit the impact of such
      programs are discussed, and the potential for educational intervention is
      assessed.

PMID- 6384334
TI  - Student perspective. Overstressed? Reprogram ...

PMID- 6384335
TI  - Control of the central swallowing program by inputs from the peripheral
      receptors. A review.
AB  - Swallowing is a complex motor sequence, usually divided into a buccopharyngeal
      stage (coordinated contractions of several muscles of the mouth, pharynx and
      larynx) and an esophageal stage, called primary peristalsis. This motor sequence
      depends on the activity of medullary interneurons belonging to the swallowing
      center which program through excitatory and inhibitory connections the sequential
      excitation of motoneurons and vagal preganglionic neurons responsible for the
      whole motor sequence. The activity of the medullary swallowing neurons can occur
      without feedback phenomena: it is truly a central activity indicating that
      swallowing depends on a central network which may function without afferent
      support. However, the swallowing neurons receive a strong afferent input
      suggesting the involvement of sensory feedbacks during swallowing. The swallowing
      neurons present a short latency activation on electrical stimulation of the
      peripheral afferent fibers supplying the region of the tract which is under their
      control. In addition, the neurons are activated by localized distensions of the
      swallowing tract, this distension having to be done more and more distally when
      the neuronal discharge occurs later and later during swallowing. Furthermore the
      swallowing discharge of the central neurons is increased either when a bolus is
      swallowed or during a slight distension of the corresponding region of the tract.
      Thus, under physiological conditions, swallowing neurons receive sensory
      information from pharyngeal and esophageal receptors and the central program may
      be modified by peripheral afferents that adjust the motor sequence to the size of
      the swallowed bolus. The inputs from the peripheral receptors can also exert
      inhibitory effects depending on the central connections between the swallowing
      neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6384336
TI  - Thermosensitive and osmoreceptive afferent fibers in the hepatic branch of the
      vagus nerve.
AB  - The hepatic vagus nerve contains various thermosensitive afferent fibers which
      are widely varied in their sensitivity. Their Q10 values lie between 4 and 16.
      The discharge rate is positively correlated with increase of liver temperature
      (warm fiber type). The result supports the existence of a thermosensitive
      structure in the liver which may possibly contribute to maintain thermal
      homeostasis. Neural responses to the osmotic changes in the perfusion solution
      have been analyzed. It was found that two different types of osmosensitive
      afferent fibers exist in the hepatic vagus; one is characterized by increasing
      the frequency of spike discharges in response to higher osmotic pressure, while
      the other shows the same response to lowered levels. Behavioral changes caused by
      hepatic vagotomy were observed. These results provide evidence for the existence
      of an osmoreceptor mechanism. The role of these hepatic afferent nerves in
      homeostasis are briefly discussed.

PMID- 6384338
TI  - Helen, can you hear me?

PMID- 6384337
TI  - Hormonal rhythm and feeding behavior.
AB  - In this review, attempts were made to clarify the role of feeding behavior in
      modifying the basal 24-h pattern of plasma corticosterone in freely moving rats.
      An ethosecretogram, consisting of locomotor activity and plasma corticosterone
      levels in conscious rats over a period of several hours, was constructed. By
      analyzing the ethosecretogram, it was found that the feeding effectively induced
      an elevation of plasma corticosterone. Conscious rats were then exposed to
      various kinds of feeding regimens, emphasis being laid on the effect of
      restricted daily feeding on the circadian skeleton of plasma hormone rhythm. We
      found that feeding has a bidirectional effect on hormone level along with an
      initiation of an interval timer mechanism which in turn uniquely modify the basal
      pattern of circadian hormone rhythm, especially when a pre-feeding hormone peak
      is formed under restricted daily feeding schedules. Furthermore, it was shown
      that the pre-feeding hormone peak persisted after the termination of restricted
      feeding and free-ran in parallel with the circadian hormone peak. It is concluded
      that the pre-feeding hormone peak is driven by a damped oscillator which is
      entrainable to restricted feeding. It is most likely that this damped oscillator
      is loosely driven by the circadian oscillator which is not entrainable to
      restricted feeding.

PMID- 6384339
TI  - [The value of ultrasonography in the study of neurologic maturation].

PMID- 6384341
TI  - [Detection and diagnosis of fetal malformations. 1. Technical possibilities].

PMID- 6384340
TI  - [Maturation of the fetal brain. Echoanatomy: normal development, limits and value
      of pathology].

PMID- 6384342
TI  - [Comparison of macroscopic descriptions of ovarian tumors by the
      ultrasonographist and pathologist].

PMID- 6384343
TI  - [The value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of uterine malformations].

PMID- 6384344
TI  - [The value of echography in the diagnosis and surveillance of inflammatory
      disorders of the fallopian tubes].

PMID- 6384345
TI  - [Real-time echography and automated echotomography of the breast].

PMID- 6384346
TI  - [Induction and inhibition of folliculogenesis and ovulation].

PMID- 6384348
TI  - [Sampling, culturing and karyotyping of chorionic villi].
AB  - The authors report on 69 samples of chorionic villi taken from patients who were
      undergoing therapeutic termination of pregnancy. These samples were taken using
      small forceps which were guided by ultrasound. The reliability and the chances of
      culturing these villi in order to work out the caryotype of the fetus and to
      study the enzymes is discussed.

PMID- 6384347
TI  - [Abnormalities of the central nervous system. Results of 3 years of genetic
      counseling at the University Hospital of Rennes: 192 cases].
AB  - The authors present their view of screening for central nervous system
      malformations in Brittany, having studied 192 case histories of subjects seen in
      the three years of genetic counselling in Rennes. Ultrasound usually manages to
      demonstrate anencephaly but all too often it fails to demonstrate spina bifida.
      Furthermore serum or amniotic fluid alphafetoprotein levels are often poorly
      interpreted. Microcephaly and encephaloceles occur rarely. The ultrasound
      diagnosis of the latter is easy whereas it is more difficult to diagnose
      microcephaly. The authors point out that there are familial forms of hydrocephaly
      and of holoprosencephaly which are not all that rare and fairly easy to diagnose
      so long as one remembers this very serious abnormality.

PMID- 6384350
TI  - [Does genital tuberculosis still exist? Current review].
AB  - The diagnosis of female pelvic tuberculosis is seldom thought of although it is
      still an entity. The reason why it is so seldom considered is partly because it
      has greatly diminished in incidence and also because the population who suffer
      from it and who are becoming much older move about. Another reason is that the
      symptomatology has changed, and now most often shows in pure haemorrhagic forms.
      The authors therefore go over the system of diagnosis and show that treatment is
      reverting to surgery.

PMID- 6384349
TI  - [Monitoring fetal movements using the Doppler-Fizeau effect with a new apparatus:
      the Tococinon].
AB  - We introduce the Tococinon, which is an apparatus using the Doppler-Fizeau
      effect. Its purpose is to record fetal movements. The method carries good
      correlation with ultrasonographic observations of fetal movements. It is more
      accurate than the patient's own impressions, and can be used from the end of the
      first trimester until term. The Tococinon makes it possible for the mother to
      watch her own baby's behaviour and to screen for abnormalities in it. Its
      development makes it possible for us to foresee other studies on different types
      of movement and to attempt to correlate these with some pathological states.

PMID- 6384351
TI  - [Prenatal diagnosis of camptomelic dysplasia].
AB  - A case of antenatal diagnosis of campomelic dwarfism is reported. The diagnosis
      was established because of polyhydramnios at 37 weeks of amenorrhoea allowing the
      discovery through ultrasonography of an uretreral dilatation along with dwarfism.
      The X-Rays of the uterine contents established the diagnosis. The possibility of
      the antenatal diagnosis is considered before 20 weeks with an ultrasonography
      where limbs are systematically measured. As recessive autosomic recession is
      likely, research must above all be undertaken into past records. Amniocentesis at
      16 weeks of amenorrhoea would make it possible to establish the diagnosis if the
      chromosome type is XY with weak amniotic androgens. Often in this type of anomaly
      it is difficult to differentiate the sexes.

PMID- 6384353
TI  - Loperamide in acute childhood diarrhoea: a double blind controlled trial.

PMID- 6384352
TI  - [Treatment of non-specific menometrorrhagia with naftazone].
AB  - The authors carried out a double blind study of the action of naftazone in non
      specific menometrorrhagias caused by a uterine device, the oral contraceptive and
      medroxyprogesterone, in 25 patients. They show a great improvement with the
      periods becoming normal and metrorrhagia disappearing in 12 out of 13 cases where
      naftazone was used and in only 1 out of 12 cases where the placebo was used.

PMID- 6384354
TI  - Comparative behaviour of classical and El Tor biotypes of Vibrio cholerae 01
      isolated in Bangladesh during 1982.

PMID- 6384355
TI  - Inheritance of spina bifida in Icelandic lambs.
AB  - A congenital neural tube defect, spina bifida, detected in Icelandic sheep was
      examined and compared with similar defects reported in humans and other animals.
      Pedigree analysis of 29 affected lambs in two neighboring flocks showed that 27
      of these cases from the sire's side and 25 from the dam's side, can be traced
      back to a ram (no. 1) that was one of the foundation sires of the flock at
      Skriduklaustur where most of the affected lambs were born. Among the exceptions,
      two on the sire's side and one on the dam's side can be traced back to ewe no.
      323 used at Skriduklaustur; another three affected animals can be traced through
      the dam's side to ewe no. 35 also used at Skriduklaustur, and to ewes E1 and E301
      used at Eyrarland farm. All of the four ewes appear to be related to ram no. 1,
      although information on their parentage is not available from the flock record.
      The occurrence and frequency of this condition in the two flocks indicate that
      spina bifida is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait in Icelandic sheep.

PMID- 6384357
TI  - 19th century medicine in Indiana. An 1869 clinical report by J. S. Bobbs.

PMID- 6384358
TI  - Coleman Hall. A monument to Indiana medicine.

PMID- 6384359
TI  - Immunocytochemical detection of oncomodulin in tumor tissue.
AB  - Using the rat hepatoma calcium-binding protein, oncomodulin, from Morris hepatoma
      5123tc, an antiserum has been raised in rabbits useful for immunostaining of this
      tumor protein. The peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique has been used to
      demonstrate oncomodulin in sections of Morris rat hepatomas 5123D, 5123tc,
      7288Ctc, and 7777 fixed with Bouin's or Carnoy's fixatives, or using freeze
      substitution. Oncomodulin-specific staining was also shown by a hepatoma
      metastasis in lung. Optimal conditions for the indirect fluorescent antibody
      technique were established to demonstrate oncomodulin in virally transformed NRK
      cells (ASV-NRK). In both tumors and cultured neoplastic cells staining appeared
      which suggested that oncomodulin might occur in nucleus and cytoplasm. Normal
      untransformed tissues and uninfected cells did not show oncomodulin staining.

PMID- 6384360
TI  - Immunoanatomic dissection of the human urinary tract by monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - The immunoanatomy of the human kidney and urinary tract has been analyzed by a
      panel of mouse anti-human monoclonal antibodies that define specific domains and
      structures. The differentiation antigens detected by these monoclonal antibodies
      represent a series of glycoproteins characteristic of different cell types. They
      differ from the blood group antigens and appear to be distinct from other
      antigens previously described within the kidney or urinary tract. The antigens
      recognized by these monoclonal antibodies represent an immunohistologic
      dissection of the human nephron. These antibodies have a broad range of potential
      applications in studying embryogenesis and pathogenesis of nonneoplastic and
      neoplastic diseases of the human kidney and urothelium.

PMID- 6384361
TI  - A monoclonal antibody detecting neural and neuroendocrine differentiation.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody, named LICR-LON-E36, has been produced to the acidic
      fraction of soluble protein extracts of human brains. Using immunocytochemistry,
      it stained normal peripheral nerves, adrenal medulla, pancreatic islets, and
      enterochromaffin cells, in addition to recognizing an intracytoplasmic epitope in
      phaeochromocytomas, carcinoid tumors, some small-cell anaplastic lung, and a few
      breast carcinomas. Microenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and electrophoretic
      nitrocellulose blotting experiments confirmed that the antibody is not directed
      at neuron-specific enolase. Its potential use as an immunological probe for
      neural and neuroendocrine differentiation is discussed.

PMID- 6384363
TI  - Insulin-like immunoreactivity in the rat brain during postnatal ontogenesis.
AB  - The regional distribution and the cellular localization of insulin-immunoreactive
      material in the rat brain has been studied during postnatal ontogenesis by use of
      radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry. It could be shown that there is a
      decrease in the amount of the peptide in the rat brain during postnatal
      maturation of the organ. This decline in insulin concentration is morphologically
      evident by a strong reduction of insulin positive nerve cells. Our findings
      support the hypothesis that insulin might play important roles as a nerve growth
      promoting factor.

PMID- 6384362
TI  - Applications of immunocolloids in light microscopy. III. Demonstration of
      antigenic and lectin-binding sites in semithin resin sections.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated that antigens or lectin-binding sites can be
      localized in sections from paraffin-embedded tissues with protein A or lectins
      bound to colloidal gold or colloidal silver (Roth J: J Histochem Cytochem 30:691,
      1982 and 31:547, 1983). In the present study the protein A-gold technique and
      lectin-gold complexes have been applied to semithin sections (0.5-1.5 micron) of
      Epon- or low temperature Lowicryl K4M-embedded rat pancreas, kidney and
      submandibular gland. The results show that an increase in resolution and,
      therefore, in amount of information can be obtained. The optimal mode of imaging
      was determined on sections without counterstaining. Bright-field illumination
      gives the maximum information about the staining signal, while phase-contrast and
      Nomarski differential interference contrast give predominantly structural and, to
      a lesser extent, staining information. Polarization epi- and transillumination
      microscopy is inferior in all aspects. The application of a battery of lectin
      gold complexes to rat submandibular gland revealed a specific staining pattern
      for each lectin in acinar and excretory duct cells.

PMID- 6384364
TI  - A monoclonal antibody (AE3.d3) with mitogenic properties for murine B cells.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody, AE3.d3, derived from the fusion of rat splenocytes
      immunized against mouse brain with the myeloma SP2, has been produced, which has
      the property of inducing the proliferation of mouse lymphocytes. The mitogenic
      effect is highest in spleen and lymph node cells, where up to a 10-fold
      stimulation of 3H-TdR incorporation is observed. B lymphocytes are the most
      susceptible to this proliferative stimulus, and they are induced to differentiate
      into plaque-forming cells. T lymphocytes and "null" cells (defined by the absence
      of Thy-1 or Ig on their surface) do proliferate, although to a smaller extent.
      The T cell subpopulation, isolated from either spleen or thymus, requires
      additional "helper factors" in order to proliferate. The mitogenic response is
      not genetically restricted by H-2 type, and strains such as C3H/HeJ and CBA/N, in
      which B cell function is defective, as well as T cell-deficient strains such as
      BALB/c nude mice, are capable of responding to the stimulus of AE3.d3. Using
      immunofluorescence, we also examined the distribution of AE3.d3-positive cells in
      various lymphoid organs. The highest percentage of stained cells is found in the
      spleen (approximately 28%) and lymph node (18%), whereas only 14% of the bone
      marrow and 5% of the cells of the thymus are brightly stained with AE3.d3.

PMID- 6384365
TI  - Temperature-mediated processes in teleost immunity: differential effects of
      temperature on catfish in vitro antibody responses to thymus-dependent and thymus
      independent antigens.
AB  - An in vitro culture system was employed to ascertain the effects of different
      temperatures on the anti-hapten antibody-secreting cell responses of channel
      catfish leucocytes to murine thymus-dependent (TD) and thymus-independent (TI)
      antigens. The magnitudes of primary responses to a TI antigen (TNP-LPS) and
      secondary responses to a TD antigen (DNP-KLH) were relatively independent of in
      vitro culture temperature. The kinetics of each of these responses as a function
      of temperature was characterized by a Q10 of 2. In contrast, the magnitudes of
      primary responses to TD antigens (DNP-KLH and DNP-HoSA) were suppressed at lower
      in vitro temperatures. Furthermore, it was observed that some of the low
      temperature suppression of primary responses to TD antigens could be abrogated by
      appropriate low temperature in vivo acclimation. These findings are interpreted
      as supporting the hypothesis that low environmental temperatures immunosuppress
      fish by virtue of differential inhibitory effects on the generation of carrier
      specific helper cells.

PMID- 6384366
TI  - Peripheral (somatic) expansion of the murine cytotoxic T lymphocyte repertoire.
      II. Comparison of diversity in recognition repertoire of alloreactive T cells in
      spleen and thymus of young or aged DBA/2J mice transplanted with bone marrow
      cells from young or aged donors.
AB  - Lethally irradiated (1000 R whole body) DBA/2J mice of 10 wk or 20 mo of age were
      repopulated with anti-Thy-1.2-treated DBA/2J bone marrow cells of 10-wk- or 20-mo
      old donors. Sixty days post-transplant, limiting dilution cultures of the spleen
      and thymus cell population of individual mice (for each group) were examined to
      assess the within-group and between-group diversity in the anti-H-2Kb allo
      recognition repertoire. Our data are consistent with a significant expansion of
      the CTLp repertoire taking place in the periphery, beyond the early appearing
      specificities present in the thymus. Moreover, comparison of the repertoires in
      young recipients of young or aged marrow, or in aged recipients of young or aged
      marrow, support the notion that there is a defect in the peripheral environment
      of aged mice that results in altered expansion of the thymic CTLp repertoire. In
      addition, there is an intrinsic difference in bone marrow precursor cells of CTLp
      in aged mice that is revealed only in an aged environment.

PMID- 6384367
TI  - Anti-native DNA antibodies from autoimmune sera also bind to DNA in mitochondria.
AB  - Sera from 20 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), selected for
      elevated titers of antibody to native DNA (nDNA), were examined by indirect
      immunofluorescence (IF) on tissue culture Hep-2 and rabbit kidney cells. Twelve
      sera showed a particulate cytoplasmic staining, in addition to nuclear IF. Double
      IF staining by using a mouse monoclonal anti-nDNA and a human serum containing
      anti-mitochondrial antibody as probes showed that the cytoplasmic structures
      recognized by these 12 SLE sera were mitochondria. SLE sera showing mitochondrial
      staining had high anti-nDNA levels, as assessed by ELISA (3.5 +/- 1.9 O.D.),
      compared with those not showing this staining pattern (0.8 +/- 0.4 O.D.).
      Mitochondrial staining was abolished by DNase I pretreatment of the substrates.
      Liquid phase absorption of serum anti-nDNA with S1 nuclease-treated calf thymus
      DNA or purified mitochondrial DNA also removed staining. These findings
      demonstrate that anti-nDNA antibodies from patients with SLE bind to DNA in
      intact mitochondria. Therefore, mitochondrial IF staining on tissue culture cells
      in the presence of nuclear staining should be interpreted with caution, because
      the phenomenon could be entirely related to anti-native DNA. These observations
      might also provide new insights concerning the nature of immunogenic cellular
      components stimulating anti-DNA production.

PMID- 6384368
TI  - Spontaneous interstitial nephritis in kdkd mice. I. An experimental model of
      autoimmune renal disease.
AB  - Mice of the kdkd strain predictably develop a spontaneous tubulointerstitial
      nephritis after 8 wk of life. In this report we have examined several aspects of
      the nephritogenic immune response that seemed potentially relevant to the
      expression of this progressively destructive renal lesion. Of particular interest
      is that by direct immunofluorescence we were unable to demonstrate the presence
      of antibodies to determinants in the tubulointerstitium. Serum and kidney eluates
      from nephritic mice, furthermore, did not stain any renal structures in normal
      kidney. We did observe, however, that disease could be transferred through kdkd--
      -CBA/Ca bone marrow chimeras, and prevented, in the reverse direction, by CBA/Ca-
      --kdkd chimeras. The development of the interstitial lesion was markedly
      inhibited by thymectomy with T cell depletion, but disease could not be
      adoptively transferred with cells or serum from nephritic mice. The interstitial
      lesions also did not appear in (kdkd X CBA/Ca)F1 hybrids, and the development of
      disease in kdkd mice could be inhibited by treatment with adoptively transferred
      T cells from CBA/Ca mice. With these new findings we now hypothesize that
      susceptibility to the expression of interstitial nephritis in kdkd mice involves
      the cellular limb of the immune system, and may be related, in part, to
      alterations in regulatory T cell function.

PMID- 6384369
TI  - IL 1 requirement for B cell activation revealed by use of adult serum.
AB  - Fetal calf serum is an essential component of the culture medium developed by
      Mishell and Dutton for the immunization of murine spleen cells in vitro. Serum
      from adult donors (mouse, human, rabbit) does not support antibody synthesis in
      this system. This "deficiency" of adult serum can be overcome with IL 1. Adult
      serum in the presence of IL 1 is as effective in stimulating a B cell response
      against xenogeneic red cells as fetal calf serum. We attribute the capacity of
      fetal calf serum to support an immune response in the absence of exogenous IL 1
      to serum factors that cause macrophages to release IL 1 endogenously. Our
      findings strengthen the notion that IL 1 plays an essential role in the process
      of B cell activation and suggests that the use of fetal calf serum should be
      avoided in studies concerned with the function of interleukin 1.

PMID- 6384370
TI  - The requirement for proteinase activity for human lymphocyte-mediated natural
      cytotoxicity (NK): evidence that the proteinase is serine dependent and has
      aromatic amino acid specificity of cleavage.
AB  - We used reagents specific for serine-dependent proteinases to verify that a
      proteinase of this class is necessary for natural cytotoxicity (NK). NK was
      inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride (PMSF), by diisopropylfluorophosphate
      (DFP), and by the plasma antiproteinase alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (alpha-1-X), all
      of which are specific for serine-dependent proteinases. Substrate specificity was
      then determined on the basis of the specificity of the plasma and fungal anti
      proteinases and synthetic alternate substrates that affected NK. alpha-1-X, which
      inhibits only serine proteinases with aromatic amino acid specificity, blocked
      NK. Chymostatin, but not other fungal inhibitors, also blocked NK activity.
      Furthermore, the only synthetic substrates that effectively reduced NK were those
      derived from aromatic amino acids. The ester derivatives of these substrates
      inhibited NK better than the amides. NK inhibition with these alternate
      substrates was also stereospecific, with the L forms twofold more active than the
      D forms. These reagents did not block initial lymphocyte-target cell binding.
      Therefore we propose that the "NK-proteinase" is involved in either the
      initiation of cytolysis, perhaps as part of stimulus and secretion of cytolytic
      molecules, or in the cascade of events that may lead to the formation of final
      lytic substance.

PMID- 6384371
TI  - Humoral immunity in experimental syphilis: the demonstration of IgG as a
      treponemicidal factor in immune rabbit serum.
AB  - The neutralizing activity present in immune rabbit serum (IRS) against virulent
      Treponema pallidum was shown to be mediated by IgG and complement. IgG was
      isolated and purified from both IRS and nonimmune rabbit serum (NRS) by the use
      of an affinity system in which staphylococcal protein A was conjugated to
      Sepharose 4B. The purity of the isolated IgG fractions was demonstrated by both
      immunoelectrophoresis and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Fractions of
      IgG were tested for specific neutralizing activity as measured by an in vitro-in
      vivo neutralization test. Lesions failed to develop at 80% of the sites
      inoculated with treponemal suspensions containing IgG from IRS in the presence of
      unheated NRS as a source of complement; delayed atypical lesions were observed at
      the remaining sites. In contrast, typical lesions developed at all sites
      inoculated with suspensions containing IgG from IRS in the presence of heated
      NRS. They were significantly delayed, however, as compared with lesion
      development at control sites inoculated with suspensions containing IgG from NRS.
      These results provide the first direct evidence for an IgG complement-mediated
      treponemicidal mechanism operative in immune serum from rabbits with latent
      syphilis.

PMID- 6384372
TI  - Reorientation of the microtubule-organizing center and the Golgi apparatus in
      cloned cytotoxic lymphocytes triggered by binding to lysable target cells.
AB  - By immunofluorescence observations with cell couples of cloned murine cytotoxic T
      lymphocytes (CTL) and target cells, evidence is presented for a rapid
      reorientation of the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) and the Golgi apparatus
      (GA) in the effector cell (but not in the target cell) toward the contact area
      with the target. The reorientation of the MTOC/GA and the cytotoxic activity of
      the CTL were inhibited reversibly by nocodazole, a microtubule-disrupting agent.
      In lectin-formed cell couples of CTL and neuraminidase-treated target cells, the
      MTOC in essentially all of the CTL was oriented toward the effector-target
      contact area of a lysable target cell, but was left randomly oriented with a
      nonlysable target cell. A similar random orientation of the effector-MTOC was
      also observed in cell couples of cloned natural killer cells and nonlysable
      targets. These findings indicate that the repositioning of the MTOC and the GA,
      which is shared by CTL and natural killer cells, is an essential and early event
      in the onset of the cytolytic mechanism. It is suggested that this reorientation
      serves the purpose of directing to the bound target cell secretory vesicles
      derived from the GA that contain cytotoxic substances.

PMID- 6384373
TI  - An improved alcohol torch.

PMID- 6384374
TI  - Role of topical dressings in tropical ulcer leg.

PMID- 6384375
TI  - Prognostic significance of subepidermal immune deposits in uninvolved skin of
      patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a 10-year longitudinal study.
AB  - The detection by direct immunofluorescence of subepidermal immune deposits in
      clinically normal skin of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus has become
      known as a positive lupus band test (LBT). To gain a better understanding of the
      relation between the LBT and prognosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) a
      prospective longitudinal study has been carried out in 51 SLE patients covering a
      10-year period. A total of 223 LBTs were obtained from clinically normal skin of
      the medial volar forearm on these 51 patients (average, 4.4 per patient) and the
      results correlated with clinico-pathologic features of the disease and outcome.
      Findings from the initial LBT (obtained while on no systemic therapy) were used
      to divide patients into LBT-positive and LBT-negative groups. With the exception
      of patients subsequently treated with daily doses of prednisone greater than 40
      mg or cytotoxic agents, the patients in the LBT-positive group usually remained
      LBT-positive. The LBT-negative patients usually remained LBT-negative on repeated
      testing. A comparison of clinical features in the two groups revealed a 55%
      prevalence of lupus nephropathy in the LBT-positive group as opposed to 23% in
      the LBT-negative group (p = 0.025). Although the two groups had similar serum
      creatinine levels at the time of the initial LBT, the maximum serum creatinine
      (mean, 3.0 mg/dl) in the LBT-positive group was significantly higher than the
      maximum (mean, 1.2 mg/dl) in the LBT-negative group (p = 0.04). Furthermore, only
      9% of renal biopsies in the LBT-negative group showed diffuse proliferative
      glomerulonephritis in contrast to 65% of biopsies in the LBT-positive group (p =
      0.007). Lastly, the two groups were compared with regard to outcome; 10-year
      survival from the time of diagnosis was 95% in the LBT-negative group as opposed
      to only 54% in the LBT-positive group (p = 0.007). These findings indicate that a
      positive LBT has predictive value in that it identifies a subset of SLE patients
      with more aggressive renal disease and significantly decreased long-term
      survival.

PMID- 6384376
TI  - Purification and properties of aminoendopeptidase from rat epidermis.
AB  - An aminoendopeptidase isolated from 2-day-old rat epidermis was purified to
      apparent homogeneity by the procedures of ammonium sulfate fractionation, DE-52
      column chromatography, Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, and CM-52 and DEAE
      Sepharose 6B column chromatography. Enzymatic activity was exhibited only in the
      presence of sulfhydryl compounds and further enhanced by addition of 5 mM EDTA.
      It was inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate, other sulfhydryl blocking reagents,
      and o-phenanthroline. The monomer form of the enzyme is Mr = 52,000 +/- 2,300 by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis, but a native
      form was considered to be Mr = 400,000 +/- 26,000 having an isoelectric point of
      pH 5.25. Among synthetic substrates the enzyme hydrolyzed amino acid 2
      naphthylamide derivatives and L-leucine amine (L-LeuNH2) most effectively. N
      alpha-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide (BANA) was the only endopeptidase
      substrate for the enzyme and a competitive inhibitor for its aminopeptidase
      activity. Protein substrates have not yet been found. The pH optimum is 7.5 and
      in a range of pH 6.5-7.5 it is stable at 37 degrees C for 30 min but loses about
      50% of its activity at 50 degrees C.

PMID- 6384377
TI  - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the prevention of infection in neutropenic
      patients. EORTC International Antimicrobial Therapy Project Group.
AB  - Of 545 patients expected to develop prolonged neutropenia and randomized to
      received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) or placebo, 342 were evaluable
      for occurrence of infection or bacteremia. Some centers used oral nonabsorbable
      antibiotics in addition. Infection occurred in 64 (39%) of 165 placebo recipients
      and 46 (26%) of 177 TMP-SMZ recipients (P = .016), whereas bacteremia occurred in
      32 (19%) and 22 (12%), respectively (P = .106, difference not significant [NS]).
      In the 139 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), infection occurred
      in 35 (55%) of 64 placebo-treated patients and 31 (41%) of 75 TMP-SMZ-treated
      patients (P = .162, NS), whereas bacteremia occurred in 15 (23%) and 18 (24%;
      NS), respectively. Excluding patients with ANLL, infection occurred in 29 (29%)
      of 101 placebo-treated patients and 15 (15%) of 102 TMP-SMZ recipients (P =
      .038), whereas bacteremia occurred in 17 (17%) and four (4%; P = .005),
      respectively. Gram-positive cocci were isolated less frequently from TMP-SMZ
      treated, bacteremic patients, but more of their isolates were resistant to TMP
      SMZ than were those from placebo recipients.

PMID- 6384378
TI  - Kinetics of endotoxin release during antibiotic therapy for experimental gram
      negative bacterial sepsis.
AB  - For study of the kinetics of endotoxin release from bacterial cells during
      therapy for gram-negative bacterial sepsis, serial blood samples were obtained
      from rabbits with Escherichia coli sepsis that were treated with either
      antibiotic or placebo. The concentrations of viable bacteria, free endotoxin, and
      total endotoxin in each blood sample were quantitated. In animals treated with
      placebo the concentration of free endotoxin was proportional to the level of
      bacteremia. In contrast, in animals treated with antibiotic the plasma levels of
      free endotoxin increased 10- to 2,000-fold, in spite of decreasing levels of
      bacteremia. Free endotoxin that was present in the plasma following antibiotic
      treatment appeared to be derived in part from the breakdown of circulating
      bacteria and in part from the disintegration of bacteria in tissues other than
      the blood. The results of this study demonstrate that significant amounts of
      endotoxin are released from bacterial cells following administration of
      antibiotics in vivo.

PMID- 6384379
TI  - The mouse footpad test--sensitive to small proportions of drug-resistant bacilli
      in a sample of M. leprae.
AB  - In experiments at the Radda Barnen Research Laboratories of the SLR & TC
      Karigiri, the mouse footpad test was demonstrated to detect DDS-resistant
      M.leprae even if as few as 0.1% (1 in 1000) of the M. leprae tested were DDS
      resistant. The mouse footpad test appears to be sensitive to minute proportions
      of drug-resistant bacilli in samples of M. leprae tested.

PMID- 6384380
TI  - Human vaccination studies in normal and contacts of leprosy patients.

PMID- 6384381
TI  - Once monthly rifampicin (1200 mg) plus daily dapsone (100 mg) and clofazimine
      (100 mg) in the initial treatment of lepromatous leprosy.
AB  - The therapeutic effect of rifampicin 1200 mg once monthly and 100 mg clofazimine
      daily for the first six months of treatment was evaluated in 30 patients of
      bacteriologically positive lepromatous leprosy patients. Moderate to marked
      clinical improvement was seen in all the patients and a very rapid
      bacteriological regression as indicated by the decrease in bacteriological and
      morphological indices of the skin within one week. Seven patients become MI
      negative at one month and three months and 13 at the end of nine months. Two
      patients became MI and BI negative at the end of six months and six at the end of
      nine months. These observations clearly establish the high therapeutic efficacy
      and practicability of the three drug regimen. Once monthly rifampicin is highly
      effective and well tolerated, and has many advantages like low cost, better
      patient compliance and reliability of the treatment. Addition of clofazimine to
      rifampicin and dapsone prevents the emergence of E.N.L. reactions which were seen
      during treatment with once monthly rifampicin and daily dapsone. This regimen is
      thus ideal for initial, intensive treatment of lepromatous leprosy and may help
      in preventing the spread of the disease and development of dapsone resistance.

PMID- 6384382
TI  - Acid fast bacilli in lymph node aspirate and smears from ear lobules and fingers
      in long treated patients.
AB  - Skin slit smears from fingers and ear lobules and lymph node aspiration smears
      stained with Ziehl-Neelsen stain were studied in 43 patients of LL or BL disease.
      All the patients had taken dapsone monotherapy for 3-7 years. None of the
      patients had clinical evidence of dapsone resistance. Small number of bacilli
      were detected in 16 patients. Lymph node aspirate was positive in 5 cases,
      whereas ear lobule and fingers yielded bacilli in 12 and 13 cases respectively.
      It is recommended that in addition to the traditional ear lobe it is imperative
      to study other sites as well. Study from fingers is recommended for the sake of
      simplicity. Where facilities are available sampling of the lymph node may also be
      attempted to advantage.

PMID- 6384383
TI  - Health Management Information System in Leprosy Control Programme.
AB  - Health Management Information System was introduced methodically and enforced
      with ruthless punctuality in Maharashtra State from April 1981. It has paid
      excellent dividends so far as the implementation of the National Leprosy Control
      Programme is concerned. Key indicators have been fixed for new case detection,
      bacteriological examination, regularity of treatment and screening of old
      patients for activity status. Monitoring of these activities is done regularly
      and a feed back is provided. Marks are assigned for each kidney indicator and
      ranking is done based on the achievement of targets by each district, Municipal
      Corporation, Health Circle etc., every month. The same procedure is adopted at
      Primary Health Centre and even lower level. This has introduced a spirit of
      competition and generated a desire to better one's own performance by identifying
      and removing deficiencies. Maximum assistance is being derived from the Primary
      Health Care and use is being made of Multi Purpose Workers, Community Health
      Volunteers and other anciliary agencies in case finding and case holding
      programmes. The improvement in performance in respect of all key indicators
      during 1981-82 has been between 40 and 60 percent over the performance during
      1980-81.

PMID- 6384384
TI  - [Problems in lung transplantation].

PMID- 6384385
TI  - [Maillard reaction in vivo].

PMID- 6384386
TI  - [Dental occlusion and prosthodontics].

PMID- 6384387
TI  - [Restoration of lost molar function using a bridge].

PMID- 6384389
TI  - [Histological investigation on the osseous retention of apatite ceramics
      implant].

PMID- 6384388
TI  - [Diagnosis and management of neoplastic diseases of the oral cavity].

PMID- 6384390
TI  - [Interpenetration of monomers into dentin and their adhesion].

PMID- 6384391
TI  - [An experimental study on the fracture strength of porcelain based on the metal
      coping designs of porcelain fused-to-metal crowns for the upper incisors].

PMID- 6384392
TI  - Role of the renin-angiotensin system in hypertension after coarctation of the
      aorta.
AB  - The effect of inhibition of angiotensin I converting enzyme by captopril was
      studied in rats with aortic coarctation produced above the renal arteries. When
      captopril therapy was started before coarctation, blood pressure above the
      narrowing and the pressure difference across the coarctation were reduced,
      compared with values in animals with coarctation not given therapy. When
      captopril therapy was started 10 days after the coarctation, there was no effect
      on blood pressure. Plasma renin activity increased 24 hours after coarctation and
      returned to control levels by 5 days. Captopril caused an increase in renin
      activity and a decrease in plasma aldosterone concentrations. After 5 days, there
      was no difference in renin activity and plasma aldosterone levels between animals
      with coarctation given captopril therapy early and late and between appropriate
      controls. Our data suggest that the renin-angiotensin system is important in the
      early development but not in the maintenance of coarctation hypertension.

PMID- 6384393
TI  - Platelet cytoskeleton: immunofluorescence studies on thrombin-activated
      platelets.
AB  - Cytoskeletal proteins were isolated from chicken gizzard smooth muscle and from
      platelets and antibodies prepared against them. It was shown by indirect
      immunofluorescence technique that actin, alpha-actinin, and vinculin are not
      present on the surface of platelets. Physiologic concentrations of thrombin (0.04
      to 0.5 U/ml) that induce platelet aggregation and release in the presence of
      calcium from freshly isolated platelets do not induce platelet changes resulting
      in the availability of the cytoskeleton to antibodies. Because the F(ab')2
      fragments of anti-cytoskeletal proteins IgG do not inhibit thrombin-induced
      aggregation of platelets, the direct role of these proteins in thrombin-induced
      platelet aggregation, as with ADP and collagen, may be rejected. However, when
      freshly isolated platelets are treated with thrombin (1 U/ml), antibodies to
      actin, alpha-actinin, and vinculin stained the platelets; therefore, this
      demonstrates that thrombin at this high and probably nonphysiologic concentration
      induces a reorganization of the membrane components with the subsequent exposure
      of the proteins of the cytoskeleton. We demonstrate interaction between isolated
      actin and alpha-actinin but not vinculin with fibronectin. After stimulation of
      platelets by thrombin, certain cytoskeletal proteins may interact with
      subendothelial fibronectin and thereby promote and consolidate platelet adhesion.

PMID- 6384394
TI  - Effects of zinc deficiency on ethanol metabolism and alcohol and aldehyde
      dehydrogenase activities.
AB  - Alcohol dehydrogenase, low Km and high Km mitochondrial and microsomal aldehyde
      dehydrogenase, and in vivo ethanol elimination rates were determined in five
      groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats given liquid diets, as follows: control (C),
      control plus 5% ethanol (CE), pair-fed control and zinc-deficient (PC-ZnD), zinc
      deficient (ZnD), and zinc-deficient plus 5% ethanol (ZnDE). Rats fed CE had
      decreased liver and serum zinc content. The animals given ZnD diets had an even
      more dramatic decrease in their tissue zinc concentrations and displayed marked
      growth retardation. The in vivo blood ethanol elimination rate was increased in
      animals fed ethanol, and this increase was accompanied by increased alcohol and
      aldehyde dehydrogenase activities. There was a significant decrease in the
      ethanol elimination rate in rats given ZnD and ZnDE diets. Alcohol dehydrogenase
      activities in rats with deficient zinc levels also were decreased, and there were
      no changes in acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activities. Our results suggest that the
      metabolism of ethanol to acetaldehyde is impaired in zinc deficiency, but
      acetaldehyde to acetate conversion appears normal.

PMID- 6384395
TI  - Retraction: Concurrent measurements of plasma levels of vitamin D3 and five of
      its metabolites in normal humans, chronic renal failure patients, and anephric
      subjects.

PMID- 6384396
TI  - Human insulin therapy: the index case.

PMID- 6384397
TI  - Spontaneous pneumothorax. A 28-year review.

PMID- 6384398
TI  - Diagnostic ultrasonography in maxillary sinus disease.

PMID- 6384399
TI  - Social skills assessment and training for the learning disabled: who's on first
      and what's on second? Part I.

PMID- 6384400
TI  - Microcomputers: not just a place for practice.

PMID- 6384401
TI  - Skinner and CAI.

PMID- 6384402
TI  - Fluorescent markers for studying phagosome-lysosome fusion.
AB  - Lysosomotropic fluorescent aminoacridines such as acridine orange and quinacrine
      have achieved prominence as markers for studying lysosome-phagosomes fusion,
      especially in macrophages. Experiments described demonstrate that because the
      aminoacridines traverse biological membranes with facility, they diffuse
      throughout the system, and ultimately accumulate intra- or extracellularly where
      they are most efficiently bound. Their presence or absence in phagosomes is
      therefore not unequivocally indicative of fusion or nonfusion. Alternative
      fluorescent lysosomal markers are described, and systems defined for which the
      aminoacridines may probably be used with confidence.

PMID- 6384403
TI  - Differential expression of macrophage effector functions: bactericidal versus
      tumoricidal activities.
AB  - Macrophage populations may be induced to express tumoricidal or bactericidal
      activities following exposure to certain stimuli. An understanding of the
      differences in the stimulatory mechanisms and in the characteristics of the
      macrophages they affect will be facilitated by comparing functional activities of
      various macrophage populations. The experiments described here were conducted to
      determine whether injection of a single stimulus necessarily drives cells to
      express both tumoricidal and bactericidal activities or whether selected reagents
      can drive cells to express one activity without expressing the other. The data
      show that a single population of mouse or hamster peritoneal exudate cells
      obtained following injection of proteose peptone is bactericidal for Listeria
      monocytogenes and for E. coli, but is not tumoricidal for TCMK-1, Ad2HE3, or mKS
      A TU-5 target cells. In contrast, peritoneal exudate cells collected after
      injection of Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) organisms are always highly
      tumoricidal, and either show no effect on Listeria monocytogenes or E. coli, or
      are at best bacteriostatic. Data indicate that the effector cells in these assays
      are macrophages, that the dissociation of tumoricidal and bactericidal activity
      occurs over a wide dose range, and that the tumoricidal capabilities are not
      artifacts of the assay system. These results suggest that a given macrophage
      population may preferentially express tumoricidal or bactericidal activities
      depending on the stimulus used.

PMID- 6384404
TI  - Effect of mycobacterium bovis (BCG) infection on the kinetics of the mononuclear
      cell response within the lung.
AB  - Specific pathogen-free LBN rats were parabiotically linked and the monocyte donor
      animal was labeled with multiple pulses of tritiated thymidine (1 microCi/g body
      weight). The right-hand (recipient) rat lungs were infected with 10(5) viable
      Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) Pasteur by the intravenous, aerogenic, or intratracheal
      routes. Control animals received heat-killed BCG or saline only, given
      intratracheally. The BCG infection resulted in a ten-fold increase in the number
      of heavily labeled, blood-derived monocytes recovered 24 hr later in the lung
      lavage fluid. The percentage of labeled cells peaked on day 3 and then declined
      slowly. Introduction of heat-killed BCG into the lung produced a smaller
      mononuclear cell influx but a marked polymorphonuclear phagocyte response that
      persisted for several days. The labeled monocyte counts for the infected
      recipient rat lung washouts were five to ten times those for the uninfected donor
      parabiont, except when the aerogenic infection route was used, when both donor
      and recipient rats were equally infected and both showed substantial increases in
      labeled monocytes in the lung washouts.

PMID- 6384405
TI  - The numerous postulated biological manifestations of interleukin-1.

PMID- 6384406
TI  - Immunological activation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils for fungal killing:
      studies with murine cells and blastomyces dermatitidis in vitro.
AB  - The interaction of elicited murine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and the
      thermally dimorphic fungal pathogen Blastomyces dermatitidis in vitro was
      studied. The PMN elicited intraperitoneally with thioglycollate, in normal mice
      or mice immune to B dermatitidis, failed to reduce colony forming units (CFU) of
      B dermatitidis in the inoculum in a 4-hr in vitro assay, even in the presence of
      10% fresh immune serum. In contrast, PMN elicited intraperitoneally in immune
      mice by injection of nonviable B dermatitidis cells significantly reduced
      inoculum CFU (60 +/- 5%) under the same conditions. Furthermore, nonviable B
      dermatitidis intraperitoneally (i.p.) in normal mice or nonviable Candida
      albicans i.p. in immune mice failed to elicit peritoneal exudate cells that
      reduced inoculum CFU in this system. These results support the concept that PMN,
      elicited in a site by means of an immunological reaction, acquired enhanced
      microbicidal activity. The fungicidal activity of immunologically elicited PMN
      was shown to be most effective at high effector to target cell ratios (1,000:1),
      maximal within 2 hr of coculture, and significantly enhanced in the presence of
      fresh immune serum compared to heat-inactivated immune serum, normal mouse serum,
      or fetal bovine serum. Such PMN also had significantly enhanced fungicidal
      activity against C albicans compared to normal PMN. Fungicidal activity was
      abrogated in the presence of catalase, implicating hydrogen peroxide generation
      as the killing mechanism in the activated cells.

PMID- 6384407
TI  - Symbolic coordinate anatomy for neurology (SCAN).
AB  - Our laboratory is responsible for development and maintenance of CADUCEUS
      (Formerly INTERNIST-1), a computer program to provide expert advice to the
      clinician in the realm of medical diagnosis. In order to extend its success in
      internal medicine into neurology, it was necessary to provide a paradigm for
      neuroanatomic reasoning. In our anatomic knowledge base (SCAN), the nervous
      system is partitioned into a hierarchical set of nested cubes. In the computer
      memory, a symbol for each cube has attached to it lists of structures that are
      wholly or partially within the cube. The structures may be simple (e.g., right
      locus ceruleus) or complex (e.g., midbrain). Lists of cubes belonging to
      particular vascular territories as well as systems (e.g., visual) are also
      maintained. Thus, computation of anatomic localization from a given symptom or
      finding is facilitated as well as characterization of consequences of vascular
      lesions or neighborhood effects from mass lesions.

PMID- 6384408
TI  - SLIPS. A data base system for computer storage and analysis of phonological
      errors.
AB  - The analysis of phonological errors made by normal individuals (slips of the
      tongue) and brain-damaged patients (paraphasias) is a challenging problem. SLIPS
      is an experimental data base system for computer storage and analysis of such
      errors. This paper introduces SLIPS and describes its main features. Some of the
      problems that arise in analyzing phonological error data are explained, and
      examples of their solution are presented.

PMID- 6384409
TI  - Development of a friendly, self-teaching, interactive statistical package for
      analysis of clinical research data. The BRIGHT STAT-PACK.
AB  - We have developed a new statistical analysis package for use by the clinical
      investigator, the clinician, and the laboratory researcher. This package attempts
      to implement the following philosophy: The programs should be essentially self
      teaching, friendly, and forgiving; the programs should educate the user regarding
      the underlying theory, assumptions, and interpretation of the statistical methods
      involved; the programs should automatically test relevant assumptions and warn
      the user when these assumptions appear to have been violated; the programs should
      make recommendations about the availability of alternative statistical methods
      and automatically perform such analyses when indicated; the programs should
      interpret the results; and the programs should mimic, insofar as possible, the
      logic used in a routine, elementary statistical consultation. Several programs
      have been developed, extensively tested, and used.

PMID- 6384411
TI  - The International Congress on Electrocardiography: a brief history.

PMID- 6384410
TI  - Early PEEP in the treatment of a freshwater near-drowning patient.

PMID- 6384412
TI  - The fiftieth anniversary of Dr. Lepeschkin's career.

PMID- 6384413
TI  - Oestradiol and somatomedin-C influence body weight patterns in premenarchial
      rhesus monkeys housed outdoors.
AB  - The influence of gonadal status on the pattern of changes in body weight was
      examined in three groups of outdoor-housed premenarchial rhesus monkeys (Macaca
      mulatta) from 1 to 2 years of age. Gonadally intact (n = 8) and ovariectomized
      oestradiol-treated females (n = 5) gained significantly more weight than
      ovariectomized untreated females (n = 5). The overall larger weight gains for the
      intact and ovariectomized oestradiol-treated groups were associated with
      significantly higher fasting levels of serum insulin. All subjects exhibited two
      periods of significant weight gain from 12 to 16 months of age between May and
      September and from 21 to 24 months of age between February and May. Serum GH and
      somatomedin-C levels were also raised during these periods of accelerated growth.
      Although the pattern of serum GH was similar among groups, serum somatomedin-C
      levels were significantly higher in both intact and ovariectomized oestradiol
      treated subjects from 21 to 24 months of age, suggesting physiological levels of
      oestradiol may facilitate somatomedin-C production during periods of increased GH
      secretion. Thus, absolute changes in body weight in outdoor-housed premenarchial
      rhesus monkeys are influenced by gonadal status, possibly mediated through
      increases in serum insulin. Furthermore, dynamic changes in body weight occur
      during prepubertal development, with the largest increments associated with
      increased somatomedin-C levels at specific ages synchronized with natural changes
      in the environment.

PMID- 6384414
TI  - Effect of insulin on free fatty acid uptake by hepatocytes in the duck.
AB  - To elucidate the hypolipacidaemic effect of insulin in ducks, its action on the
      uptake of free fatty acids (FFA) by duck hepatocytes was determined. At low doses
      (10 mu./l) insulin stimulated FFA uptake. This effect was not observed with
      higher doses of insulin (20, 30 and 50 mu./l). Growth hormone at physiological
      concentrations and corticosterone (14.4 nmol/l) decreased basal activity,
      probably by reducing glucose metabolism and consequently alpha-glycerophosphate
      (alpha-GP) supply. Insulin was able to reverse the inhibition induced by GH and
      corticosterone on both FFA uptake and alpha-GP production. These results
      therefore suggest that the hypolipacidaemic effect of insulin may be partly
      mediated by its action on hepatic FFA uptake.

PMID- 6384415
TI  - Early effects of pinealectomy on LH and testosterone secretion in white-tailed
      deer.
AB  - The early effects of pinealectomy on LH and testosterone secretion were studied
      in 11 white-tailed bucks. Six bucks were pinealectomized and three were sham
      operated in early march at 9 months of age. Two unoperated bucks of the same age
      were also followed. The response of the pituitary gland and testis to LH
      releasing hormone (LHRH) was monitored for 2h each month for 1 year by
      radioimmunoassay of serum LH and testosterone. Prestimulation levels of LH
      (expressed as microgram NIH-oLH-S7) exhibited a cosinor curve pattern over the
      year (P less than 0.002) with levels ranging between 0.1 and 3.9 micrograms/l.
      Highest levels in pinealectomized males occurred in May 2 months after surgery
      and in control (sham-operated and unoperated) males in August. Maximal LH
      response to LHRH was characterized by a double-peaked curve in serum LH with the
      early peak around 20 min and a later peak at about 2h after injection. Maximal
      response to LHRH occurred in May in pinealectomized bucks and in August in
      control bucks. Baseline testosterone concentrations and testosterone response to
      LHRH varied in a seasonal fashion throughout the 12-month period in control bucks
      (P less than 0.001) but not in pinealectomized bucks. Baseline testosterone
      concentration and testosterone response to LHRH rose within 2 months after
      surgery in pinealectomized bucks and remained relatively constant for the next 10
      months. These data demonstrate an early effect of pinealectomy on LH and
      testosterone secretion in 9-month-old animals kept under conditions of natural
      photoperiod and suggest differences in the response to pinealectomy by the
      pituitary gland and testes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6384416
TI  - Neonatal administration of idiotype or antiidiotype primes for protection against
      Escherichia coli K13 infection in mice.
AB  - Antibodies directed against the capsular polysaccharides (Ps) of encapsulated
      pathogenic bacteria can protect the host against infection with such organisms.
      The immune response to Ps, however, does not develop until relatively late in
      ontogeny. We have, therefore, studied alternative ways to stimulate anti-Ps
      antibody responses in neonates, namely priming with idiotype (Id) and anti-Id. We
      believe that these studies provide the first demonstration of the use of an anti
      Id antibody to prime for protection against a bacterial infection and the first
      demonstration of the ability of a monoclonal anti-Id to prime for protection
      against any microbial infection. We have used a monoclonal IgM Id, anti-K13
      capsular antibody, and a monoclonal IgG1 anti-Id in studies of the effects of
      administration of anti-Id or Id within 24 h after birth on the ability of mice to
      respond to subsequent immunization and challenge with live bacteria. These
      studies show that neonatal administration of 1 micrograms of Id or 50 ng of anti
      Id lead to significantly enhanced protection in mice immunized at 4 wk of age and
      challenged at 5 wk with an intraperitoneal injection of 20-30 LD50 of E. coli
      06:K13:H1, as compared with unprimed or antigen (Ps)-primed controls. Mice primed
      at birth, immunized at 12 wk of age, a time when they can respond fully to Ps
      itself, and challenged 1 wk later, were still significantly protected by anti-Id
      priming but no longer showed the effects of Id. We conclude that administration
      of protective Id early in life may serve a dual function in providing immediate
      passive protection as well as priming for protective antibodies upon subsequent
      antigen exposure.

PMID- 6384420
TI  - Computer support for management decision making in family practice.

PMID- 6384417
TI  - Degradation of the epidermal-dermal junction by proteolytic enzymes from human
      skin and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - The degradation of normal human skin by the human polymorphonuclear leukocyte
      proteinases cathepsin G and elastase, and by a human skin chymotrypsin-like
      proteinase that appears to be a mast cell constituent, was examined. Enzymes were
      incubated with fresh, split-thickness skin for up to 8 h; the tissue was examined
      ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically using antibodies to known basement
      membrane constituents. In all cases, the primary damage observed was at the
      epidermal-dermal junction. Elastase degraded the lamina densa leaving scattered
      and disorganized anchoring fibrils, dermal microfibril bundles, and normal
      appearing collagen fibers. Immunohistochemically, type IV collagen, laminin, KF1
      antigen, and EBA antigen were absent. The bullous pemphigoid antigen was present
      and localized on the basal cells. Epidermal-dermal separation produced by the
      chymotrypsin-like proteinases, cathepsin G, and the human skin proteinase, was
      confined to the lamina lucida. The lamina densa and sub-lamina densa fibrillar
      network remained intact. The human skin chymotrypsin-like proteinase produced
      extensive epidermal-dermal separation, while cathepsin G, at comparable
      concentrations, produced only focal separations. Immunohistochemically, all
      antigens were present after incubation with enzyme. The bullous pemphigoid
      antigen, however, was found on the epidermal side of the split, while laminin was
      found on the dermal side. These results show that the epidermal-dermal junction
      is highly susceptible to neutral serine proteinases located in mast cells and
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Although all the proteinases produce epidermal
      dermal separation, the patterns and extent of degradation are different. The
      distinctive patterns of degradation may provide a clue to the involvement of
      these proteinases in skin diseases.

PMID- 6384419
TI  - A randomized, controlled trial of doxycycline in the treatment of acute
      bronchitis.
AB  - Acute bronchitis is a common reason for visits to primary care physicians and a
      commonly given reason for antibiotic treatment. However, evidence regarding the
      efficacy of antibiotics for this syndrome is lacking. In a randomized trial, a
      one-week course of a frequently used antibiotic, doxycycline, was compared with
      one week of placebo in 74 otherwise healthy adults with acute bronchitis. The
      doxycycline group fared no better than the placebo group for all 13 outcomes
      measured, including duration of cough, clinical improvement at one week, return
      visits for unresolved symptoms, days away from work, and subjective ratings of
      cough severity, sleep loss, diminished activity and overall well-being.
      Doxycycline is not beneficial in the treatment of acute bronchitis in otherwise
      healthy adults.

PMID- 6384418
TI  - Augmentation of macrophage complement receptor function in vitro. IV. The
      lymphokine that activates macrophage C3 receptors for phagocytosis binds to a
      fucose-bearing glycoprotein on the macrophage plasma membrane.
AB  - Macrophage receptors for the third component of complement (C3) are normally
      immobilized and unable to diffuse within the cell's plasma membrane and, even
      though they promote avid particle binding, are unable to promote phagocytosis of
      C3-coated particles. We have previously identified a lymphokine that activates
      macrophage C3 receptors for phagocytosis and have found that it acts by freeing
      the receptors so that they can diffuse within the macrophage plasma membrane. It
      seemed likely to us that the initial lymphokine-macrophage interaction would
      occur at the macrophage surface, perhaps via a specific lymphokine receptor.
      Since the binding of many ligands to cells is mediated by cell surface
      glycoproteins, we examined the protein and sugar requirements for murine
      peritoneal macrophages to respond to the lymphokine. Macrophages treated with the
      neutral protease Dispase lost the ability to respond to the lymphokine, and
      inclusion of L-fucose in the incubation medium containing lymphokine and
      macrophages inhibited markedly the macrophages' response to the lymphokine,
      suggesting that the lymphokine exerts its effects by first binding to fucose
      residues on a glycoprotein receptor on the macrophage surface. Further evidence
      for the essential role of macrophage surface fucose was obtained by demonstrating
      that pretreatment of macrophages with either fucosidase or gorse lectin, a fucose
      binding lectin, strikingly disabled the cells from responding to the lymphokine.
      All treatments that prevented lymphokine activation of macrophage C3 receptors
      for phagocytosis also prevented lymphokine-induced C3 receptor mobility. These
      results strongly suggest that the lymphokine binds to a fucose-bearing macrophage
      surface glycoprotein, perhaps a specific lymphokine receptor. They also
      strengthen our hypothesis that, for a receptor to be able to promote
      phagocytosis, it must be able to diffuse within the macrophage plasma membrane.

PMID- 6384421
TI  - Electrophysiology of in vitro insulin- and progesterone-induced reinitiation of
      oocyte meiosis in Rana pipiens.
AB  - Induction of meiosis in Rana pipiens oocytes in vitro was studied using
      intracellular electrophysiological recordings and a morphological count of
      nuclear dissolution. In type III (i.e., defolliculated theca-free, with follicle
      cells) and type IV (i.e., denuded lacking follicle cells) Rana oocytes (Schuetz
      and Lessman, '82), Na+-insulin evoked nuclear or germinal vesicle dissolution
      (GVD), apparent reinitiation of meiosis, and marked reductions in cellular
      membrane potential and membrane current. Electrophysiological indications of the
      reinitiation of oocyte meiosis were most strongly apparent in the marked
      reduction (ca.98%) of membrane current. The overall GVD activity of insulin was
      reduced but not totally absent in type IV oocytes compared to type III cells that
      received similar hormone treatment, confirming previously published findings that
      the follicle wall enhances insulin-induced GVD. Results confirm insulin GVD
      activity in this system and demonstrate that insulin-induced reinitiation of
      meiosis is associated with changes in membrane-associated parameters that are
      indistinguishable from those induced by progesterone. These results raise
      interesting questions concerning the cellular mechanism by which two chemically
      dissimilar hormones (i.e., steroid vs. protein) have similar or even identical
      effects on a cell such as the oocyte. The findings presented are consistent with
      the concept that more than one hormone may be involved in meiotic maturation of
      the oocyte.

PMID- 6384422
TI  - Use of homocysteic acid for selecting mutants at the gltS locus of Escherichia
      coli K12.
AB  - L-Homocysteic acid is toxic to Escherichia coli K12. Sensitivity to this compound
      is higher in cells which can utilize glutamate as sole carbon source via the Na+
      dependent glutamate transport system. Such cells become resistant by mutation at
      the gltS locus. Sensitivity of both wild-type and glutamate-utilizing strains is
      greater if cells are growing on acetate as compared with glucose as major carbon
      source.

PMID- 6384423
TI  - Temperature-sensitive beta-lactam-tolerant mutants of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Seven temperature-sensitive penicillin-tolerant mutants of Escherichia coli
      strain LD5 (thi lysA dapD) were isolated and characterized. Treatment with beta
      lactams caused lysis of the mutants at 30 degrees C. Although growth of the
      mutants at 42 degrees C was inhibited by beta-lactams, no lysis occurred. The
      mutants were also slightly tolerant to D-cycloserine at 42 degrees C but lysed
      readily when deprived of diaminopimelate or when treated with moenomycin. The
      minimum inhibitory concentrations of various antibiotics were the same for the
      mutants and their parent. The mutations conferring penicillin tolerance were
      phenotypically suppressed in the presence of a variety of compounds which may act
      as chaotropic or antichaotropic agents. No defects in penicillin-binding proteins
      and peptidoglycan hydrolases were detected. Temperature-resistant revertants of
      the mutants were no longer tolerant to penicillin-induced autolysis at 42 degrees
      C. The mutations in five isolates were localized to the 56 to 61 min region of
      the E. coli linkage map and to the 44 to 51 min region in the case of two other
      isolates.

PMID- 6384424
TI  - Ampicillin inactivation in the caecum of axenic, gnotoxenic and conventional
      lambs: interaction with resistant or sensitive Escherichia coli.
AB  - The fate of orally administered ampicillin was studied in axenic lambs, in
      gnotoxenic lambs given a complex microflora and a mixture of ampicillin resistant
      and/or sensitive strains of Escherichia coli, and in conventional lambs. In
      axenic lambs or animals with a sensitive microflora, antibiotic concentrations of
      500-1600 micrograms ml-1 were detected in the intestine, and most of the
      ampicillin passed through the small intestine and entered the large intestine,
      within 12-15 h of administration. These antibiotic concentrations were sufficient
      to decrease the numbers of ampicillin-sensitive E. coli from 10(8)-10(9) bacteria
      ml-1 to about 10(5)-10(6) bacteria ml-1 by 8 h after ampicillin administration.
      Second and third doses of antibiotic had no further effect on the bacterial
      count. Administration of ampicillin to animals hosting ampicillin-resistant E.
      coli resulted in a significant inactivation of the antibiotic in the intestine.
      As might be expected there was little reduction in the numbers of these
      organisms. These results are similar to those observed in conventional lambs
      hosting resistant E. coli as the dominant colibacillary flora.

PMID- 6384425
TI  - Origin and fate of the lysophosphatidylethanolamine in a chain-forming mutant
      (envC) of Escherichia coli.
AB  - The role of phospholipid metabolism in the functioning of the bacterial envelope
      was investigated in the chain-forming Escherichia coli envC.
      Lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) which accumulated in this strain during growth
      was identified as the product of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) hydrolysis by a
      phospholipase A1, i.e. 2-acylLPE. Isotopically labelled LPE transferred into
      intact mutant and parent cells by liposome/bacteria interaction was rapidly
      reacylated to PE. However, in envC the final PE/LPE ratio was lower than that in
      the parent, thus showing that the fate of LPE is modified. Crude cell extracts
      degraded LPE to a lesser extent in envC than in the parent but were unable to
      promote reacylation activity under our experimental conditions. In both strains,
      the lysophospholipase activity was neither calcium-dependent nor inhibited by the
      SH-group inhibitors pHMB or pCMPS, and hydrolysed 1-acylLPE as well as 2-acylLPE.
      These results indicate the existence of a deacylation-reacylation cycle in E.
      coli and show that this cycle is perturbed in envC cells, especially at the
      lysophospholipase step.

PMID- 6384426
TI  - Electrophoretic analysis of proteins from Mycoplasma capricolum and related
      serotypes using extracts from intact cells and from minicells containing cloned
      mycoplasma DNA.
AB  - The acidic proteins of six different mycoplasma serotypes causing bovine or
      caprine pleuropneumonia were compared by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of
      extracts of 35S-labelled cells. The organisms investigated were Mycoplasma
      mycoides subsp. mycoides (PG1), M. mycoides subsp. mycoides (Y-goat), M. mycoides
      subsp. capri (PG3), M. capricolum (California kid), the unclassified bovine
      serogroup 7 of Leach (PG50) and the F38-like group (F38). The results suggested a
      close relationship between M. capricolum and F38 and a similarly close
      relationship between the different M. mycoides subspecies, whereas the two M.
      mycoides subspecies appeared to be quite distant from M. capricolum and F38. The
      representative strain of the bovine serogroup 7 of Leach was equally distant from
      F38, M. capricolum and the three strains of M. mycoides. Strikingly, all six
      mycoplasma strains apparently shared six proteins in the two-dimensional gels. In
      Escherichia coli minicells, DNA from strain PG50 cloned in the vector pBR325 gave
      rise to incorporation of radioactive label into proteins which were identified as
      mycoplasma proteins by two-dimensional electrophoresis and immunoprecipitation.

PMID- 6384427
TI  - Tryptophanase synthesis in Escherichia coli: the role of indole replacement in
      supplying tryptophan and the nature of the constitutive mutation tnaR3.
AB  - The properties of the tryptophanase constitutive mutation tnaR3 have been
      investigated. It has previously been reported that mutants carrying tnaR3 grow
      poorly on medium that selects for constitutive expression of tryptophanase. Our
      results now show that this poor growth can be explained by the inability of
      tryptophanase to catalyse the synthesis of L-tryptophan from indole, pyruvate and
      ammonia at a rate sufficient to allow normal growth. Improved media for the
      characterization of tryptophanase constitutive mutants are described. The
      mutation tnaR3 rendered tryptophanase synthesis constitutive (at a different rate
      that at 37 degrees C is 30% of the fully induced wild-type) and not further
      inducible. Diploid studies showed that tnaR3 is cis-dominant, but no evidence was
      found for any effect in trans. In addition to rendering tryptophanase synthesis
      constitutive, tnaR3 affects the response of tryptophanase synthesis to different
      growth temperatures.

PMID- 6384428
TI  - Adverse reactions to psychedelic drugs. A review of the literature.
AB  - The use of naturally occurring and synthetically derived compounds for their
      "psychedelic" effects has been a part of human culture for thousands of years.
      The basic pharmacology of the major synthetic psychedelic compounds (primarily
      lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD]-25) is described and reference is made to their
      potentially beneficial psychological effects. Adverse reactions, defined as
      dysphoric and/or maladaptive/dysfunctional responses to the use of these drugs,
      sometimes require careful clinical judgment in order to diagnose. These reactions
      can be effectively classified along a temporal continuum. Acute, short-lived
      reactions are often fairly benign, whereas chronic, unremitting courses carry a
      poor prognosis. Delayed, intermittent phenomena ("flashbacks") and LSD
      precipitated functional disorders that usually respond to treatment appropriate
      for the non-psychedelic-precipitated illnesses they resemble, round out this
      temporal means of classification. The question of organic brain damage as well as
      permanent changes in personality, attitudes, and creativity in patients and
      normals who have repeatedly ingested psychedelic drugs is controversial, but
      tends to point to subtle or nonsignificant changes. Future areas for study of the
      psychedelics' pharmacological, psychological, and therapeutic effects are
      suggested.

PMID- 6384429
TI  - A review of theory and research on drinking patterns among Jews.
AB  - In an effort to specify the factors relevant to the etiology and prevention of
      alcoholism, theories have been proposed to account for the low rate of alcoholism
      among Jews. This paper includes a summary of two major theories that have been
      developed to explain the drinking patterns among Jews and a review of the data
      that purportedly support these theories. A critical examination of these studies
      reveals substantial methodological and interpretive problems that challenge the
      conclusions that have been generally accepted. Directions for future research are
      suggested.

PMID- 6384430
TI  - Fenfluramine treatment in infantile autism. Neurochemical, electrophysiological,
      and behavioral effects.
AB  - As part of a multicenter, collaborative project, response to fenfluramine was
      assessed in 10 autistic outpatients. After 4 months of treatment, blood serotonin
      concentrations decreased an average of 60 per cent and returned to pretreatment
      levels after 2 months on placebo. This reduction was accompanied by a decrease in
      certain behavioral symptoms, including motor activity, distractibility, and mood
      disturbances. Baseline evoked potential recordings indicated that autistic
      patients tended to have a larger amplitude of the P3 component to frequent tones
      as compared to age-matched controls. A tendency toward "normalization" of the P3
      effect was observed during the medication trial and during the final placebo
      period. Treatment response was not related to initial serotonin levels, and no
      major clinical side effects were associated with fenfluramine.

PMID- 6384431
TI  - Regulation of lymphocyte activation by PGE2 in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - The immunoregulatory action of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was examined in two
      independent lymphocyte activation assays of peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained
      from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and normal controls. Phytohaemagglutinin
      (PHA)-mediated stimulation of lymphoblast transformation and leucocyte migration
      inhibition factor (LIF) release were both inhibited by PGE2 in a dose-dependent
      manner. Sixteen patients with MS were studied as a single clinical group and
      their PHA-stimulated lymphocytes shown to respond essentially normally to PGE2.
      Four patients in relapse exhibited diminished responsiveness in both assays, but
      only at a supraphysiological concentration of PGE2. Thus, unresponsiveness to
      immunoregulatory prostaglandins is unlikely to be a major contribution to the
      immunopathogenesis of MS.

PMID- 6384432
TI  - Depletion of T cells from human bone marrow with monoclonal antibody CT-2 and
      complement.
AB  - CT-2 mouse monoclonal antibody to the E-rosette receptor was used with complement
      to deplete bone marrow of E-rosette-positive cells (T cells). Depletion of E
      rosette-positive cells was complete and nontoxic to hematopoietic progenitor
      cells. Depletion of E-rosette-positive cells with CT-2 may decrease the severity
      of graft-versus-host disease following bone marrow transplantation and extend the
      application of bone marrow transplantation to those without HLA-identical donors.

PMID- 6384433
TI  - A4: an antigenic marker of neural tube-derived cells.
AB  - The A4 monoclonal antibody was originally found to bind to the surface of the
      majority of neurons in rat CNS cultures, but not to PNS neurons or non-neural
      cells. It was subsequently shown to bind to immature oligodendrocytes and their
      precursor cells but not to the most mature oligodendrocytes. In the present
      study, we have used immunofluorescence assays on cell suspensions and cultures
      and on semi-thin, frozen tissue sections to show that protoplasmic and fibrous
      astrocytes and most ependymal cells are also A4+. Taken together, these results
      suggest that in adult rats A4 is expressed exclusively by cells of the CNS and
      that all cell types derived from the neural tube are A4+, at least at some time
      in their development. While neurons, astrocytes and ependymal cells continue to
      express the antigen in adults, most oligodendrocytes appear to lose it as they
      mature. The finding that macrophages in CNS cell suspensions and cultures are A4-
      suggests that microglial cells are not derived from the neural tube.

PMID- 6384434
TI  - Metronidazole in the treatment of metastatic brain tumors. Results of a
      controlled clinical trial.
AB  - We measured the effect of the radiation enhancer metronidazole on patients with
      metastatic brain tumors undergoing radiation therapy (RT) in a randomized
      controlled study. Metronidazole was given in a dose of 6 g/m2 4 hr before each of
      the first 3 doses of RT to the whole-brain. A total of 3000 rad was delivered in
      6 doses. Patients were followed by serial neurological examinations and CT scans.
      The metronidazole group did not differ from the control group when measured in
      terms of survival, clinical improvement or improvement on CT scan, whether
      measured 2 months or 6 months following treatment. Nausea and vomiting was a
      significant side effect, preventing about 10% of patients from completing the
      treatment. Metronidazole appears to have no substantial radiation enhancing
      effect on metastatic brain tumors.

PMID- 6384435
TI  - Metronidazole as a radiation enhancer in the treatment of metastatic epidural
      spinal cord compression.

PMID- 6384436
TI  - Ultrasonics evaluation of the carotid bifurcation. Its usefulness and
      limitations.

PMID- 6384437
TI  - Exploration of the cervico-cerebral vessels by intravenous digital subtraction
      angiography. A review based on 405 examinations.

PMID- 6384438
TI  - Significance of the site of injection in unexpected right-to-left shunting.
AB  - Lung perfusion scintigraphy, with Tc-99m MAA injected into a left antecubital
      vein, revealed extensive uptake in the myocardium, kidneys, spleen, thyroid, and
      brain. After a right antecubital injection, a normal pulmonary perfusion pattern
      was found. This finding is specific for right-to-left shunting due to anomalous
      systemic venous drainage into the left atrium.

PMID- 6384439
TI  - Breast-milk radioactivity after a Tc-99m DTPA aerosol/Tc-99m MAA lung study.
AB  - Measurements were made of the concentration of Tc-99m activity in samples of
      breast milk following an administration of Tc-99m DTPA aerosol for a lung
      ventilation image and one of Tc-99m MAA for lung perfusion. The activity was 222
      nCi/ml of milk (8.2 kBq/ml) at 2 hr after the MAA injection, and it was found to
      be excreted exponentially with an effective half-life of 4.6 hr. There was a
      small incorporation of Tc-99m into breast-milk protein. We conclude that the
      combined use of these two Tc-99m agents did not indicate the interruption of
      breast feeding beyond 24 hr after administration of the MAA, and that for an
      aerosol ventilation study alone, breast feeding need not be interrupted for more
      than 4 hr after the test.

PMID- 6384440
TI  - Assessment of bone mineral. Part 1.

PMID- 6384442
TI  - A rapid separation of A14-125I-insulin from heterogeneous iodination mixtures by
      high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

PMID- 6384441
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery by-pass
      studied with angioscintigraphic functional images.

PMID- 6384444
TI  - Cancer risk among oil refinery workers. A review of epidemiologic studies.
AB  - The possibility that excess cancers result from occupational exposures in oil
      refineries has generated a great deal of interest. Ecological studies and case
      control studies in the general population have suggested a positive association
      between oil industry activity and cancer rates, with more direct evidence
      provided by studies of refinery employees. The eight investigations of cancer
      risks among refinery employees are critically reviewed. The methodological
      strengths and weaknesses of these studies are evaluated with an emphasis on the
      likely impact on the results. While the results are markedly inconsistent across
      studies, there is some suggestion of excess risks for melanoma and for brain,
      stomach, kidney, and pancreatic cancers. Problems with exposure characterization,
      latency, and potential confounding factors limit all of the studies that were
      reviewed.

PMID- 6384443
TI  - Possible applications of phospholipid vesicles (liposomes) in diagnostic
      radiology.

PMID- 6384445
TI  - Stress and relaxation: evaluation by questionnaire, salivary changes and
      physiological responses in a trained meditator.

PMID- 6384446
TI  - Surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion by opening the midpalatal suture.
AB  - The results of surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion by opening of the
      midpalatal suture in 25 patients are reported. Osteotomy of the lateral wall of
      the maxilla combined with pterygomaxillary dysjunction and midpalatal suture
      separation allowed for successful rapid maxillary expansion in 23 patients. The
      two patients who did not respond to treatment were found to have unusually thick
      midpalatal sutures, which were successfully expanded after the midpalatal sutures
      were osteotomized.

PMID- 6384447
TI  - Guerin versus Malgaigne: a precedent for the free criticism of scientific papers.
AB  - The right to publish data and opinions which are critical of the theories and
      practices of our colleagues is taken for granted. This right was not gained
      without a struggle, both moral and legal. The case of Guerin versus Malgaigne
      established a significant precedent in this regard. Since the protagonists were
      both orthopaedic pioneers and the case involved the first surgical approach to
      the treatment of scoliosis, it is of great interest.

PMID- 6384448
TI  - The monocyte/macrophage population of the normal human kidney.
AB  - There is continuing controversy over the role of mononuclear phagocytes in
      glomerulonephritis. It is, therefore, important to know their distribution in
      normal subjects. Normal kidneys (34) were assessed using three cytoplasmic
      markers for macrophages employing a trypsin-immunoperoxidase (PAP) technique with
      antibodies to alpha-1-antitrypsin, muramidase (lysozyme) and a further
      oligoclonal antibody, serum 22, developed against highly purified preparations of
      blood monocytes. Serum 22 detected twice as many monocytes/macrophages as anti
      muramidase and four times as many as anti-alpha-1-antitrypsin. Most cells that
      showed positive staining lay in glomerular and intertubular capillaries and were
      considered to be blood monocytes. There was wide variation in monocyte numbers
      throughout different glomeruli and up to 14 monocytes could be present in a
      glomerulus. Not more than 1 per cent lay within the mesangium. Macrophages were
      virtually never seen in the interstitium, except in areas of scarring. No
      macrophages were present in the tubules. Monocytes and macrophages are
      demonstrated in greater numbers within the kidney by antisera to muramidase than
      to alpha-1-antitrypsin.

PMID- 6384449
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of macromolecules of the basement membrane and
      the peritumoral stroma in human laryngeal carcinomas.
AB  - Forty laryngeal carcinomas were studied by immunofluorescence with specific
      antisera against components of the basement membrane (type IV collagen and
      laminin) as well as antisera against connective tissue antigens (type V collagen
      and fibronectin). The basement membrane surrounding well-differentiated squamous
      cell carcinomas showed an appearance similar to that seen beneath normal
      epithelium. In contrast, marked alterations of the basement membrane were
      constantly observed around infiltrating and poorly-differentiated carcinomas. The
      staining of connective tissue components in most cases was as intense in
      carcinomas as in normal laryngeal mucosa. The use of antibodies to basement
      membrane components may help to elucidate the mechanism of invasion of connective
      tissues by malignant cells.

PMID- 6384451
TI  - Congenital nephrotic syndrome: evolution of medical management and results of
      renal transplantation.
AB  - We analyzed the clinical course, pathologic findings, and results of aggressive
      medical management and renal transplantation in 41 infants with onset of
      nephrotic syndrome in the first 3 months of life. All but one infant with
      congenital onset failed to thrive and had progressive renal insufficiency; 17
      were given steroids or cytotoxic drugs or both, without benefit. Severe bacterial
      infections occurred in 85% of the infants, pyloric stenosis in 12%,
      gastroesophageal reflux in 8%, and thrombotic events in 10%. All children prior
      to the era of renal transplantation died before 4 years of age. The last 24
      infants received aggressive medical management, which allowed renal
      transplantation in 17. Two-year patient and graft survival rates were 82% and
      71%, respectively. There was no recurrence of the nephrotic syndrome in the
      children who underwent transplantation. All but one surviving infants has had
      normal or accelerated growth, although mean height for the group is 3.1 SD below
      the mean. School and social performance has been normal in 80%. Thus intensive
      medical therapy combined with renal transplantation offers a very good
      opportunity for survival with an acceptable quality of life for infants with
      congenital nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 6384452
TI  - Early furosemide therapy in premature infants (less than or equal to 2000 gm)
      with respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.
AB  - Pulmonary edema has been demonstrated in the early stages of respiratory distress
      syndrome in premature infants. To evaluate whether early furosemide therapy (0 to
      8 hours after birth) would affect the electrolyte balance, pulmonary status, and
      outcome, 57 infants (less than or equal to 2000 gm) with respiratory distress
      syndrome who required mechanical ventilation shortly after birth were randomized
      into two groups: 29 given furosemide (1 mg/kg/day intravenously for three doses)
      and 27 control. The clinical, biochemical, and laboratory characteristics of the
      groups were comparable before entry into the study. Administration of furosemide
      significantly enhanced the urinary excretion of Na and Cl at 0 to 24, 24 to 48
      and 48 to 72 hours and of Ca at 24 to 48 and 48 to 72 hours after drug
      administration. There was no significant difference between the groups in urinary
      excretion of K and in serum Na, Cl, K, and Ca values. A spontaneous increase in
      urine output occurred in the control group at 48 to 72 hours after the initiation
      of the study (mean +/- SD 7.0 +/- 3.5 hours postnatal age), along with a decrease
      in mean airway pressure for mechanical ventilation. The use of furosemide (7.3 +/
      3.5 hours postnatal age) enhanced urine output at 24 to 48 and 48 to 72 hours
      after medication, resulting in further decrease in mean airway pressure and
      facilitating extubation. There was, however, no significant difference between
      the groups with respect to incidence of patent ductus arteriosus, morbidity from
      bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and mortality.

PMID- 6384450
TI  - Pulmonary hypertension in pediatric patients.

PMID- 6384453
TI  - A randomized controlled trial of cefaclor compared with trimethoprim
      sulfamethoxazole for treatment of acute otitis media.
AB  - We performed a randomized controlled trial of cefaclor administered twice daily
      compared with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) administered twice daily
      for the treatment of acute otitis media. Pathogens were eradicated from the
      middle ear exudate after 3 to 6 days of therapy in 35 of 37 (95%) patients given
      TMP-SMZ compared with 28 of 40 (70%) given cefaclor (P = 0.017). Haemophilus
      influenzae was eliminated in 13 of 14 (93%) patients given TMP-SMZ compared with
      10 of 18 (56%) given cefaclor (P = 0.047). Clinical outcomes failed to
      distinguish between patients given TMP-SMZ or cefaclor. Symptoms improved despite
      persistent infection in 11 of 13 (85%) patients; middle-ear effusion persisted
      after therapy in 38 of 61 (62%) patients despite eradication of pathogens. We
      conclude that twice daily TMP-SMZ is more efficacious than twice daily cefaclor
      for the treatment of acute otitis media and that clinical outcomes may fail to
      detect differences between antibacterial agents in comparative drug trials in
      acute otitis media.

PMID- 6384454
TI  - Oral rehydration therapy in acute diarrhoea in childhood.

PMID- 6384456
TI  - R1 reticulin antibodies: markers of celiac disease in children on a normal diet
      and on gluten challenge.
AB  - R1 reticulin antibodies were found in sera from patients with childhood celiac
      disease (CCD). Although the overall sensitivity of R1 in the diagnosis of CCD was
      relatively low (16/43 = 37%), when only those cases in an active phase of the
      disease were considered, the sensitivity increased (16/24 = 67%). In spite of its
      low sensitivity, the R1 assay did show a high degree of specificity, as this
      antibody was not found in children with post-enteritis syndrome or in healthy
      controls. R1 antibodies, when found in active CCD, always turned out to be
      positive when tested on human liver as substrate. While this fact did not enhance
      the sensitivity of the test, it strengthened its specificity, since R1, found in
      pathological conditions other than CCD, was nearly always negative on human
      tissue. Although the R1 reticulin antibody test cannot replace jejunal biopsy in
      the diagnosis of CCD, its assay, particularly on human liver as substrate, can be
      considered a useful tool in the screening of celiac patients.

PMID- 6384455
TI  - Oral rehydration of neonates and young infants with dehydrating diarrhea:
      comparison of low and standard sodium content in oral rehydration solutions.
AB  - Oral rehydration among infants aged 0-3 months has not been adequately
      investigated. A controlled, randomized study was thus conducted in 65 young
      infants hospitalized with acute noncholera dehydrating diarrhea. The study was
      designed to compare the efficacy and safety of the standard WHO oral glucose
      electrolyte solution containing 90 mmol of sodium per liter (Group A: 22 infants)
      with that of an oral glucose-electrolyte solution containing 60 mmol of sodium
      per liter (Group B: 22 infants) and with standard intravenous therapy (Group C:
      21 infants). Among the 44 infants in Groups A and B, none required intravenous
      therapy. Dehydration, acidosis, and initial hyponatremia or hypokalemia were
      corrected with equal efficacy in all the three groups. In the critical first 8 h,
      the mean sodium absorption was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in Group
      A. This resulted in hypernatremia (50%), periorbital edema (50%), mild pedal
      edema (27%), excessive irritability, and convulsions (4.5%). The mean serum
      sodium levels at 8, 24, and even 48 h were significantly higher (p less than
      0.05) than those in Groups B and C. It is concluded that glucose-electrolyte oral
      solution containing 60 mmol of sodium per liter is as safe and effective as
      intravenous rehydration for the treatment of noncholera neonatal and early
      infantile diarrhea, while the standard WHO solution carries a significant risk of
      hypernatremia under similar conditions.

PMID- 6384457
TI  - Prolactin and the gut: a controversy.
AB  - Previous reports suggest that prolactin could be one of the factors controlling
      intestinal mucosal growth. Therefore plasma levels of prolactin have been
      measured at the time of jejunal biopsy performed for suspicion of celiac disease.
      One hundred eighty-seven biopsies from 166 children have been reviewed according
      to histology, age, diagnosis, and plasma prolactin. No difference in the plasma
      prolactin could be detected among a group of 117 normal biopsies (9.4 +/- 0.4
      ng/ml, mean +/- SEM), 31 biopsies with partial atrophy of various degree (9.0 +/-
      0.9 ng/ml), and 39 biopsies with flat mucosa (9.1 +/- 0.7 ng/ml), nor could we
      demonstrate an increase in prolactin according to age and diagnosis (celiac
      disease before and after treatment, cow's milk protein intolerance, isolated
      postenteritic syndrome, selective sugar intolerance, and functional gut
      problems). Prolactinlike material has been detected by immunoperoxidase in the
      jejunal mucosa. The intracellular granules are located in the infranuclear
      portion of isolated epithelial cells mainly in the crypts. This material could
      not be correlated with the corresponding prolactinemias, whatever the
      histological appearance of the mucosa. These results would suggest that plasma
      prolactin is not a marker of jejunal regeneration in children. The nature and
      function(s) of this prolactinlike material remain to be established.

PMID- 6384458
TI  - Endocrine dysfunction in children with Crohn's disease.
AB  - A series of 14 children with Crohn's disease and growth retardation was screened
      for endocrine dysfunction. Four children presented with growth failure. All had
      normal cortisol responses to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. Ten children had
      normal growth hormone responses in the same test, while four had abnormal
      responses. Gonadotrophin responsiveness to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone
      (LHRH) paralleled the clinical evidence of puberty, or its lack. Serum total
      thyroxine was normal in every patient, while serum total triiodothyronine was low
      in six; in these six patients serum triiodothyronine normalised with treatment.
      Serum folate was subnormal in 13 patients and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate
      was elevated in all at the time of diagnosis. Our results demonstrate a spectrum
      of endocrine changes seen in children with Crohn's disease, particularly
      prepubertal gonadotrophin responses to LHRH and a relative preservation of growth
      hormone and cortisol responsiveness to hypoglycaemia, with a defect in thyroxine
      to triiodothyronine conversion in severely ill children. Serum folate and
      sedimentation rate may be useful screening tests for Crohn's disease in a child
      presenting with failure of growth.

PMID- 6384459
TI  - Reliability of ultrasound for the diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
AB  - An ultrasound (US) examination might be the best way to study the pylorus and its
      pathological states once the reliability of this technique has been demonstrated.
      In order to evaluate the reliability of a sonographic diagnosis of hypertrophic
      pyloric stenosis (HPS), 17 randomly chosen patients with HPS were examined with
      both ultrasonography and radiography and then operated on or followed up
      clinically. Rank correlation between the size and morphological features of the
      pylorus was found in babies with HPS using US. No false positives or negatives
      were obtained, and all true positives and negatives were detected. Because of
      this and the safety of the US technique we wish to emphasize that it should be
      considered the method of choice in screening infants with severe vomiting.
      Whenever HPS is suspected from clinical observation, ultrasonography should
      precede a radiological examination before surgery.

PMID- 6384460
TI  - Zinc nutriture in type I diabetes mellitus: relationship to growth measures and
      metabolic control.
AB  - Zinc concentrations in plasma, hair, and urine from children and young adults
      with insulin-requiring or Type I diabetes mellitus were significantly correlated
      with height, weight, and age, as well as with indices of metabolic control, i.e.,
      fasting serum glucose, percent glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1), and 24-h urine
      glucose and insulin excretion. Urinary zinc excretion was greater in subjects
      than in controls (p less than 0.0001) and significantly correlated with urine
      glucose (p less than 0.004, r = 0.35) and volume (p less than 0.0007, r = 0.40).
      Urinary zinc and volume were not correlated in controls. Hyperzincuria in the
      subjects was not secondary to hyperinsulinuria, although zinc and insulin
      excretion were significantly correlated in controls (p less than 0.03, r = 0.63).
      Zinc in insulin preparations could not explain the excessive zinc excretion. Mean
      fasting plasma zinc was significantly higher than in controls, and positively
      correlated with height for age, while being inversely correlated with age,
      duration of diabetes, HbA1, urine volume, and glucose excretion. Both the mean
      and range of hair zinc concentration in the subjects were not different from
      controls. Male subjects with diabetes had a significantly lower hair
      concentration when compared with female subjects with diabetes (p less than
      0.0009). Zinc homeostasis appears to be altered as a consequence of glucose
      intolerance in diabetes. Continued urinary zinc losses over time may result in a
      zinc deficiency state not demonstrable by altered zinc concentrations in plasma
      and hair.

PMID- 6384461
TI  - Primary intestinal enteropeptidase deficiency.
AB  - A rare case of primary enteropeptidase deficiency is reported. Details are given
      of the initial clinical presentation, treatment, and response of the patient from
      birth to the age of 18 months. Biochemical analysis of a small intestinal biopsy
      and duodenal juice samples confirmed the total absence of enteropeptidase
      activity. Proteolytic activity was very low in native duodenal juice, but normal
      levels could be induced by activation in vitro with a small amount of porcine
      enteropeptidase.

PMID- 6384462
TI  - Management of the fetus with an abdominal wall defect.
AB  - Eleven fetuses with omphalocele and two with gastroschisis were diagnosed by
      prenatal ultrasonographic examination. Intact omphalocele was accurately
      distinguished from gastroschisis by detection of a membranous sac covering the
      herniated viscera, by liver protruding from the abdomen, and by the frequent
      association of major structural anomalies. Gastroschisis was characterized by the
      absence of these findings and the presence of bowel loops floating freely in the
      amniotic fluid. Nine of eleven fetuses with omphaloceles had other major
      malformations and did not survive. Two small omphaloceles and two gastroschises
      were correctly diagnosed as isolated defects, free from associated anomalies. All
      four underwent maternal transport and were successfully managed with good
      outcome. Prenatal ultrasonography allows rational decisions about perinatal
      management by distinguishing between omphalocele and gastroschisis and by
      screening for associated anatomic defects. Karyotype analysis should be a part of
      the prenatal workup. Most isolated defects can be followed and delivered normally
      near term. Accurate prenatal diagnosis allows maternal transport and in a few
      cases may alter the timing or mode of delivery.

PMID- 6384463
TI  - The advantages of reconstruction of the dome of the diaphragm in congenital
      posterolateral diaphragmatic defects.
AB  - Repair of a congenital posterolateral diaphragmatic defect (CPLDD) by direct
      suture results in a flat drum-head diaphragm, which has very little function.
      Other harmful effects of such a repair include enlargement of the thoracic
      cavity, resulting in more overexpansion of the hypoplastic lungs which may
      contribute to pulmonary vascular obstruction, and decrease in volume of the
      abdominal cavity, making closure of the laparotomy difficult. Reconstruction of a
      diaphragmatic dome would result in a more functional diaphragm and would prevent
      the above complications. This was substantiated in a series of 10 babies, all
      severely symptomatic from birth and treated according to the proposed technique.
      Eight babies survived, the two deaths occurring 36 hours and 3 months after
      surgery, in babies with severe cardiac anomalies. It is concluded that
      reconstruction of the dome of the diaphragm in patients with a CPLDD is well
      tolerated and may result in an increased survival.

PMID- 6384464
TI  - The production of a root surface smear layer by instrumentation and its removal
      by citric acid.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to characterize, using the scanning electron
      microscope, the nature of root surfaces denuded by (1) root planing alone or (2)
      root planing plus citric acid treatment. Six teeth were extracted from three
      squirrel monkeys, and the coronal half of the root surface was planed to remove
      attached periodontal ligament fibers and cementum. Citric acid, pH 1, was
      topically applied to the denuded surfaces of 3 teeth. The surface of only root
      planed specimens had an irregular surface which corresponded to a smear layer.
      Root surfaces that had received acid treatment after root planing exhibited
      funnel-shaped orifices of dentinal tubules, and intertubular zones with a
      fibrillar, mat-like morphology. The implications of the different root-surface
      characteristics are discussed.

PMID- 6384465
TI  - Compliance with maintenance therapy in a private periodontal practice.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine patient compliance with suggested
      maintenance schedules. All patients eligible for maintenance therapy in a private
      periodontal practice were included. The study covered a period of 8 years. All
      patients had chronic inflammatory periodontal disease and had been eligible for
      at least 1 year of maintenance therapy before the close of data collection. A
      total of 961 patients were studied; only 16% complied with recommended
      maintenance schedules. Erratic compliance was found in 49% of the patients and
      34% never reported for any maintenance therapy.

PMID- 6384466
TI  - Molar and nonmolar teeth compared over 6 1/2 years following two methods of
      periodontal therapy.
AB  - Limited information is available comparing the relative longitudinal
      effectiveness with respect to tooth type of scaling and root planing alone and
      scaling and root planing followed by flap procedures. The purpose of this study
      was to investigate these treatment methods as applied to molar and nonmolar teeth
      on a longitudinal basis in humans. Seventeen subjects with chronic periodontitis
      received thorough scaling and root planning as well as oral hygiene instruction.
      A modified Widman flap was then randomly performed for one-half of each subject's
      dentition. Routine recall prophylaxis and oral hygiene reinforcement were
      administered postsurgically every 3 to 4 months. Pocket depth and clinical
      attachment levels were recorded by a single calibrated examiner before therapy
      and at intervals up to 61/2 years following active treatment. Ten subjects
      remained as participants after 61/2 years. A paired t test was used to test for
      the mean difference in pocket depth and clinical attachment level between molar
      and nonmolar teeth for each treatment method. For pockets initially 4 to 6 mm,
      the results indicated greater pocket depth and more apical clinical attachment
      level on molars than nonmolars treated by either method of therapy. For pockets
      initially greater than or equal to 7 mm there was no difference between pocket
      depth on molar and nonmolar teeth following scaling and root planing alone.
      However, there was less overall pocket depth on nonmolars than molars following
      the flap procedure, indicating a greater effect of pocket reduction on nonmolar
      than molar teeth with the flap procedure. No difference between tooth types was
      found for clinical attachment level in pockets initially greater than or equal to
      7 mm with either treatment method. Both treatment methods resulted in at least
      maintenance of pretreatment attachment levels adjacent to molar and nonmolar
      teeth.

PMID- 6384467
TI  - Aspartate aminotransferase increases in crevicular fluid during experimental
      periodontitis in beagle dogs.
AB  - A ligature-induced periodontitis model employing the beagle dog was used to study
      the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in crevicular fluid before and
      after ligation. A significant increase in AST level occurred in crevicular fluid
      2 weeks after ligation whereas no increase of enzyme was found in serum. Enzyme
      levels in crevicular fluid were 10- to 100-fold higher than in serum. Dental
      plaque did not appear to be the source of the enzyme. Since aspartate
      aminotransferase has been documented as a marker of cellular injury arising
      during heart disease and liver disease, this study suggests that aspartate
      aminotransferase, in like fashion, reflects cellular damage arising from active
      periodontal disease.

PMID- 6384468
TI  - Validation of the Holtzman anxiety scale by vasomotor biofeedback.
AB  - The Holtzman Inkblot Technique (HIT) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were
      administered to 81 undergraduates who later received biofeedback training for
      increases in index finger skin temperature. The Holtzman anxiety measure
      correlated significantly with voluntary temperature increase and the High Anxiety
      Group, identified by the HIT, was able to achieve significant increases in
      digital temperature. No significant relationships were found between State-Trait
      Anxiety measures and either Holtzman anxiety scores or vasomotor control, nor
      were there significant increases in temperature among State-Trait anxiety groups.
      The results supported the validity of the HIT as a measure of anxiety, but failed
      to characterize this anxiety as either state or trait in nature.

PMID- 6384469
TI  - A comparative study on 1-nitropyrene and nitrofurazone reductases in Escherichia
      coli.
AB  - 1-Nitropyrene and nitrofurazone reductases in Escherichia coli B/r were studied
      comparatively. Nitrofurazone reductase activity was oxygen-insensitive, whereas 1
      nitropyrene reductase activity was markedly inhibited by oxygen in both intact
      cells and cell-free preparations. The former activity depended upon reduced
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
      phosphate, whereas the latter activity upon flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as
      well as the reduced pyridine nucleotide. E. coli B/r acquired resistance to
      nitrofurazone in two mutational steps, associated with stepwise loss of the
      oxygen-insensitive nitrofuran reductase activity. However, 1-nitropyrene
      reductases were not affected at all by the mutation. These facts indicated that
      the major enzymes responsible for the reduction of 1-nitropyrene and
      nitrofurazone in E. coli B/r were different from each other. 1-Nitropyrene
      reductases were resolved by diethylaminoethyl-cellulose column chromatography
      into four enzymes all of which seem to reduce FAD, too. Among them, three enzymes
      appear to be able also to catalyze the reduction of nitrofurazone under anaerobic
      conditions.

PMID- 6384470
TI  - A method for determining adequate resistance form of complete cast crown
      preparations.
AB  - A diagram with various degrees of occlusal convergence, which takes into
      consideration the length and diameter of complete crown preparations, was
      designed as a guide to assist the dentist to obtain adequate resistance form. To
      test the validity of the diagram, five groups of complete cast crown stainless
      steel dies were prepared (3.5 mm long, occlusal convergence 10, 13, 16, 19, and
      22 degrees). Gold copings were cast for each of the 50 preparations. Displacement
      force was applied to the casting perpendicularly to a simulated 30-degree cuspal
      incline until the casting was displaced. Castings were deformed at margins except
      for the 22-degree group. Castings from this group were displaced without
      deformation, and it was concluded that there was a lack of adequate resistance
      form as predicted by the diagram. The hypothesis that the diagram could be used
      to predict adequate or inadequate resistance form was confirmed by this study.

PMID- 6384471
TI  - Temporary reversible post and core restoration for multirooted teeth.
AB  - A restoration for endodontically treated multirooted teeth has been described.
      This procedure is used for endodontically treated teeth that require temporary
      restorations.

PMID- 6384472
TI  - Corrosion-fatigue of the bond between nickel-chrome casting alloys and porcelain.
AB  - This study was designed to determine if corrosion-fatigue might play a part in
      early failure of the porcelain-fused-to-metal bonds with Ni-Cr alloys. A
      qualitative test was used that compared the bond strengths of a control group
      with those of samples subjected to corrosion-fatigue. One Au-Pd alloy was used
      for comparison with the Ni-Cr alloys. The bond strengths were determined with a
      shear-push through test in an M.T.S. hydraulic testing machine. Two additional
      groups of samples were tested with corrosion only and fatigue only. All samples
      except those used for controls were placed in an oral environment chamber that
      had an aerated artificial saliva circulating through it maintained at 37 degrees
      C. (Samples subjected to fatigue only used unaerated distilled water). Corrosion
      was accelerated by enforcing a potential of approximately 500 mV on the test
      samples. The samples subjected to fatigue were stressed with a haversine waveform
      with a force between 5 and 45 pounds at a rate of 200 Hz for 10(6) cycles.

PMID- 6384473
TI  - Radiograph stress measurement of porcelain fused to metal.
AB  - Radiograph stress measurements of precious metals were obtained. The compression
      stress of approximately -15 kg/mm2 after polishing was reduced by degassing to
      approximately -8 kg/mm2. In the case of precious metal strips 0.35 mm thick and a
      porcelain thickness that exceeded approximately 0.5 mm, the surface of the stress
      measurement was stretched in the longitudinal direction. This result is
      consistent with the curvature change. The stress behavior at various stages of
      the firing cycle for porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns was evaluated. The basic
      data obtained should allow for construction of more satisfactorily fitting
      restorations.

PMID- 6384474
TI  - Internal volumetric expansion of casting investments.

PMID- 6384476
TI  - Gingival tissue response to rotary curettage.
AB  - A clinical study to compare gingival response to two methods of tissue retraction
      was completed on 10 patients who required maxillary anterior fixed prostheses. A
      modified Boley gauge periodontal probe was used to make the biometric
      measurements. The gingival crest and clinical sulcus measurements were made on
      designated facial and palatal tissue reference points prior to the procedure and
      14 and 90 days after the procedure. Within the limits of this study, the
      following conclusions were made: Rotary curettage compared favorably with the
      lateral displacement method of tissue retraction in the amount of gingival crest
      recession. Rotary curettage caused an apparent disruption of the apical sulcular
      and attachment epithelium, with an apical repositioning of the tissues after
      repair and stabilization. The lack of tactile sensation of the high-speed
      rotating instrument contributed to this problem. The recorded sulcus depth
      changes were not regarded as clinically significant. Changes in gingival crest
      and clinical sulcus measurements were not found on the palatal tissues with
      either method of tissue management. Thicker palatal tissues responded more
      favorably to rotary curettage than thinner facial tissues. Rotary curettage was
      an efficient and predictable technique in management of the gingival sulcus for
      impression-making procedures for fixed prostheses. Long-term clinical
      observations with a histologic assessment of the healing response to the rotary
      curettage procedure would be beneficial in further determination of the efficacy
      of the technique.

PMID- 6384477
TI  - Use of paint-on die spacers in preparations with grooves.
AB  - Film thickness of paint-on die spacer materials was measured on axial walls and
      in grooves. Two different materials and two different modes of application were
      tested. From the data presented, the following conclusions can be drawn: There
      are potentially significant differences in film thickness produced with different
      die spacing materials. The technique used to apply die spacer can affect the film
      thickness produced. Careful application of Pactra airplane dope will not result
      in significant accumulation of die spacer in the groove. Tru-fit die spacer
      produced generally erratic film thickness and demonstrated a potentially
      significant amount of pooling in the groove base. Further study is warranted to
      determine if use of die spacer in grooves will improve the seating of castings.

PMID- 6384475
TI  - Preliminary observations on clinical use of a base metal casting alloy.
AB  - A study was conducted to develop a laboratory technique and to evaluate the
      clinical efficacy of a base metal casting alloy. Slight modification of
      recommended investing procedures is required to produce consistently well-fitting
      castings with the test alloy. After 12 months of clinical service, the test alloy
      did not differ from the control alloy in tarnish, untoward gingival response,
      resistance to abrasion, or tooth sensitivity.

PMID- 6384479
TI  - Effect of retentive arm clasp design on gingival health: a feasibility study.

PMID- 6384478
TI  - Abrasion of enamel and composite resin by removable partial denture clasps.

PMID- 6384480
TI  - Studies of biologic parameters for denture design. Part II: Comparison of
      masseter muscle activity, masticatory performance, and salivary secretion rates
      between denture and natural dentition groups.
AB  - Bilateral masseter muscle activities exerted during masticatory and salivary
      secretion rate tests of a group of 18 denture wearers were compared with a group
      of eight persons with 26 or more natural teeth. Denture wearers applied 22% to
      39% of the muscle force applied by the ND group to chew peanuts or carrots and
      showed markedly lower masticatory performances. The average muscle activity was
      higher for chewing peanuts than carrots in the ND group but was similar for both
      test foods in the AD group. Motor discrimination seems to be intact in denture
      wearers, but their inability to tolerate high masticatory pressures may prevent
      them from exerting discriminatory forces comparable to those applied by persons
      with natural dentition when chewing relatively tough foods of varying hardness.
      The results indicate that the reduced muscle force applied by denture wearers is
      another important factor that contributes to their diminished chewing ability.
      Even though the denture wearers were older and applied less muscle activity
      during chewing, they produced slightly higher rates of stimulated parotid saliva
      than the ND group. This supports our previous findings and further indicates that
      the mucosal stimulation of dentures compensates for decreased muscle activity and
      absence of periodontal receptor stimulation for producing saliva in healthy
      denture wearers.

PMID- 6384481
TI  - Preclinical teaching technique for making master impressions.

PMID- 6384483
TI  - Enhanced retention for the distal extension-base removable partial denture using
      a heat-cured resilient soft liner.
AB  - Replacement of the conventional heat-cured acrylic resin with a soft durable
      liner in the retromylohyoid eminence areas allows the patient to manipulate the
      distal extension-base mandibular RPD into place without traumatizing the soft
      tissue. With maximum coverage of the edentulous ridges, the semiflexible flange
      minimizes food entrapment and improves the retention and stability of the RPD.
      The procedure can be accomplished during the initial processing of the RPD or
      when relining the prosthesis. We have also used the technique for overdentures
      and for improving retention in the maxillary anterior extension-base RPD where
      anterior clasping was not esthetic or was insufficient.

PMID- 6384482
TI  - Effect of irreversible hydrocolloid impressions on surface hardness of dental
      stone.

PMID- 6384484
TI  - Tooth duplication in complete dentures.
AB  - This article describes the duplication of porcelain denture teeth in acrylic
      resin. The method allows the patient to use their existing denture as a
      transitional prosthesis without harming opposing restorations.

PMID- 6384485
TI  - No evidence of increased retention.

PMID- 6384488
TI  - Salmonellosis in the systemic form due to multiple drug resistant Salmonella
      typhimurium.

PMID- 6384486
TI  - Efficacy of levamisole, mebendazole, piperazine and pyrantel in roundworm
      infection. By National Anthelmintic Study Group.

PMID- 6384487
TI  - Factors affecting blood culture techniques in the diagnosis of paediatric
      septicemia.

PMID- 6384489
TI  - The influence of a supportive, problem-solving, group intervention on the health
      status of students with great recent life change.
AB  - A small randomized trial was conducted with college students to test the efficacy
      of a supportive, problem-solving group intervention for reducing morbidity
      following accumulation of numerous life changes. The two intervention groups
      reported declines in number of illness episodes and number of disability days
      over the two semesters of study; one of the intervention groups also reported a
      decrease in number of days on which illness was experienced. The control group
      did significantly worse on these measures than the intervention groups.

PMID- 6384490
TI  - Blue babies before Fallot.

PMID- 6384491
TI  - Bullet wounds of the left lower chest and arterial bullet embolism.

PMID- 6384492
TI  - Plastic ring wound drapes in elective colorectal surgery.

PMID- 6384493
TI  - Prophylactic povidone-iodine spray in accidental wounds.

PMID- 6384494
TI  - Urinary deoxycytidine levels in radioprotected rats.

PMID- 6384495
TI  - [Role of echography in the diagnosis of extra-uterine pregnancy. Value of the
      double sac sign].
AB  - Ultrasound images showing normal intrauterine pregnancy with embryo practically
      excludes the presence of an extrauterine pregnancy (E.U.P.). The efficacy of the
      double sac sign in establishing, almost definitely, a normally implanted
      pregnancy makes it important for this sign to be recognized. In other cases
      (absence of double sac sign, empty uterus with or without an associated fluid
      mass in the cul de sac) the risk of an E.U.P. varies and more aggressive
      exploratory methods are necessary to confirm the diagnosis.

PMID- 6384496
TI  - [Value of transfontanelle echography in the diagnosis and surveillance of
      pericerebral effusions].
AB  - The authors report 3 cases of peri-cerebral fluid collection in infants. They
      emphasize the importance of anterior fontanelle real-time ultrasonography to set
      up the diagnosis and for the follow up of these patients. From a technical point
      of view they recommend the use of a water bag to facilitate the examination.

PMID- 6384497
TI  - [Growth of the fetal kidney. Echographic study].
AB  - An echographic study of the fetal normal kidney in 274 fetuses (548 kidneys
      measured) from 15 to 40 weeks of pregnancy is proposed by the authors. This work
      includes morphologic and biometric study with the growth curves of 4 parameters.
      It is shown that both kidneys are morphologically similar and their growth is
      continuous and there is a constant ratio between the different parameters. Ratios
      are established: Length/BPD = 0,45 +/- 10%, Width/BPD = 0,27 +/- 10%,
      Thickness/BPD = 0,26 +/- 10% which are very useful for the echographist. One
      hopes that with morphologic and biometric criteria of normality, the early
      detection of urinary tract malformations will be easier.

PMID- 6384498
TI  - [Pitfalls in scrotal echotomography].
AB  - We reviewed 500 scrotal sonograms with a gray-scale equipment using a 7 Mega
      Hertz transducer. 7 cases are presented in which there are the two principal
      traps which must be avoided in the practice of scrotal ultrasound: To find as
      pathological, some scrotal or parascrotal structures which are anatomical. To
      confuse pathological images. These diagnostic problems are almost resolved by
      three conditions: A perfect knowledge of normal ultrasound anatomy, a good
      experience of the operator in this scope and a strict management of the
      ultrasonic investigation. There, the scrotal sonogram is highly reliable.

PMID- 6384499
TI  - [Cervical spondylolysis. 7 cases. Review of the literature].
AB  - Seven cases of cervical spondylolysis are reported one of them with cervical
      myelopathy, and the literature is reviewed. The particular anatomical features of
      the articular processes observed in 4 cases, as well as the many characteristics
      common to cervical and lumbar spondylolysis, suggest that both diseases might be
      caused by acquired fatigue fractures of the isthmus due to abnormal stress in
      patients predisposed by neural rich malformations.

PMID- 6384500
TI  - [Multilocular cystadenoma of the pancreas. An uncommon tumor in the child].
AB  - A 9-month-old infant presented with a multilocular pancreatic cystadenoma.
      Pathological features of this extremely rare lesion in children are outlined and
      the relevant literature reviewed. Diagnostic methods are analyzed, and emphasis
      placed on the difficulty of diagnosis of non-renal multicystic abdominal masses
      by ultrasound imaging in children.

PMID- 6384502
TI  - Decidual cast mimicking an intrauterine gestational sac and fetal pole in a
      patient with ectopic pregnancy. A case report.
AB  - In a case of ectopic pregnancy, ultrasound findings showed a pseudogestational
      sac in the uterus containing debris that mimicked a fetal pole. Ultrasonography
      done one week before had revealed no intrauterine gestational sac. The
      progression in one week of an "empty" uterus to a seven-week-sized intrauterine
      gestational sac with the appearance of a fetal pole without a heartbeat should
      suggest to the sonographer the possibility of a pseudosac and ectopic pregnancy.

PMID- 6384501
TI  - Herpes gestationis. A report of two cases.
AB  - Herpes gestationis is a pruritic, blistering disease of pregnancy and the
      puerperium. The clinical presentation consists of intense itching with widespread
      erythematous, edematous papules and plaques, grouped vesicles and tense bullae.
      Through recent advances in the immunopathology of blistering diseases, increased
      accuracy in the diagnosis of herpes gestationis is now possible.

PMID- 6384503
TI  - Endometriosis then and now. Evolution of surgical techniques and treatment.
AB  - Surgical techniques and practices for conservative endometriosis surgery began
      developing in the U.S. They led naturally to contemporary concepts and to the
      rationale for use of the techniques.

PMID- 6384504
TI  - Native type II collagen-induced arthritis in the rat. Studies of the humoral
      response to collagen at the cellular level.
AB  - In rats immunized with native type II collagen the number of lymphocytes
      secreting anti-type II collagen antibodies was enumerated in the lymph nodes
      using the direct hemolytic plaque assay. Arthritic rats had more lymphocytes,
      more plaque forming cells to native type II collagen and higher levels of serum
      IgM antibody to native type II collagen than nonarthritic rats. In vitro
      incubation of lymphocytes with native type II collagen before the plaque assay
      greatly increased the number of plaque forming cells from arthritic rats but not
      from nonarthritic rats. These findings suggest that arthritic rats had greater
      reactivity to native type II collagen and were less able to control the humoral
      response to collagen than were nonarthritic rats.

PMID- 6384508
TI  - Sacroiliitis with Salmonella typhimurium--one case.

PMID- 6384507
TI  - Thymopoietin pentapeptide (thymopentin, TP-5) in the treatment of rheumatoid
      arthritis. A compilation of several short- and longterm clinical studies.
AB  - Thymopentin (TP-5), the active side of thymopoietin, was shown to affect
      immunoregulation. The effect of this drug in the treatment of rheumatoid
      arthritis (RA) was evaluated. Three trials were performed: a six month double
      blind trial comparing TP-5 administered subcutaneously to placebo at 3 different
      dosages, an open longterm study in which the same dosage of the drug was
      administered subcutaneously, and a shortterm (3 weeks) double-blind trial in
      which the drug was given intravenously at a high dosage (100 mg/day). In none of
      these 3 studies were statistically significant improvements registered in the TP
      5 treated patients, although there were important improvements in individual
      patients. Serious side effects were not encountered, but the majority of patients
      did not improve or were withdrawn because of ineffectiveness. The beneficial
      effect of TP-5 on the clinical evolution of RA, reported elsewhere, could not be
      confirmed by these studies.

PMID- 6384505
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis--the clinical significance of histo- and immunopathological
      abnormalities in normal skin.
AB  - Biopsies of normal skin from 64 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were
      studied for histological abnormalities in dermal blood vessels. Thirty percent of
      patients had a moderate or dense infiltrate of mononuclear cells (predominantly T
      lymphocytes) around the vessel walls not seen in controls. This infiltrate
      correlated with disease activity and the presence of extraarticular
      manifestations. Vascular deposits of IgM often with C3 were seen in seropositive
      patients only and correlated with the amount of cellular infiltrate. No Ig and C
      deposits were seen in biopsies of seronegative patients and healthy controls.
      Apart from IgM and C3, IgG and/or IgA were found perivascularly in the areas of
      skin with leukocytoclastic vasculitis, indicating participation of other classes
      of immunoglobulins in immune complexes. The histological and/or
      immunopathological features that we found in uninvolved skin may serve as markers
      of disease activity and extraarticular manifestations.

PMID- 6384506
TI  - Immune deposits in the skin of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The presence of immunoglobulin and complement deposits in cutaneous blood vessels
      and at the dermal junction was determined in 34 patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis (RA). Deposits of IgM and C3 were twice as common in the leg than the
      arm. The deposits were present in 7/14 patients with extraarticular disease and
      1/20 patients with articular disease alone. Deposits of IgM were detected at the
      dermoepidermal junction in 4 patients with RA. All had circulating antinuclear
      antibodies.

PMID- 6384509
TI  - Lourdes cures and their medical assessment.

PMID- 6384510
TI  - Use of beta-blocking agents with group therapy in a smoking withdrawal clinic.
AB  - A controlled trial was carried out into the relative efficacy of two beta
      blocking agents (oxprenolol and metoprolol) as adjuncts to group therapy in a
      smoking withdrawal clinic. There was no evidence to indicate that these were of
      specific value in assisting smoking withdrawal.

PMID- 6384512
TI  - Cytochemical detection of cancer: a review.

PMID- 6384513
TI  - In search of Hippocrates: a visit to Kos.

PMID- 6384511
TI  - Early diagnosis of colorectal cancer: a review.

PMID- 6384514
TI  - Neurochemistry and Sherrington's enchanted loom.

PMID- 6384515
TI  - Clinical information--signs, semeions and symptoms: discussion paper.

PMID- 6384516
TI  - Clinical applications of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: a review.

PMID- 6384517
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies as reagents for brain tumour diagnosis: a review.

PMID- 6384518
TI  - Surfactant treatment for respiratory distress syndrome: a review.

PMID- 6384519
TI  - Synthesis and antiarrhythmic and parasympatholytic properties of substituted
      phenols. 2. Amides.
AB  - Thirty amides patterned after the antiarrhythmic drug changrolin were synthesized
      and their antiarrhythmic and parasympatholytic activities were assessed. There
      was no correlation between antiarrhythmic and parasympatholytic activities.
      Several of the amides were found to be potent antiarrhythmic agents that
      possessed low parasympatholytic activity. All of the compounds appear to act by a
      class I mechanism.

PMID- 6384520
TI  - Inhibition of renin by substrate analogue inhibitors containing the olefinic
      amino acid 5(S)-amino-7-methyl-3(E)-octenoic acid.
AB  - The olefinic dipeptide 5(S)-amino-7-methyl-3(E)-octenoic acid (1) was synthesized
      and used to make the olefinic peptides Leu psi [E-CH = CH]Gly-Val-Phe-OCH3 (2)
      and His-Leu psi [E-CH = CH]Gly-Val-Phe-OCH3 (3). These olefinic peptides were
      found to exhibit renin inhibitory activity against both hog kidney renin and
      human amniotic renin that was comparable to the substrate analogue inhibitors Leu
      Leu-Val-Phe-OCH3 and His-Leu-Leu-Val-Phe-OCH3.

PMID- 6384521
TI  - beta 2 microglobulin binding activity associated with lymphocytotoxic antibodies
      in sera containing multiple autoantibodies.
AB  - Lymphocytotoxic antibodies (LCA) determined by complement-dependent lysis at room
      temperature were detected in sera containing antibodies reactive with cell
      nuclear (ANA) or thyroid antigens (ATA); however, the prevalence of LCA was
      significantly increased in sera containing both ANA and ATA. Strongly reactive
      LCA were only partially inhibited by beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) in
      lymphocytoxicity. Serum binding to beta 2m, determined by an enzyme-linked solid
      phase immunoassay (ELISA), however, was significantly increased in LCA-positive
      sera compared with both LCA-negative sera and normal sera; moreover, serum
      binding to beta 2m was significantly correlated with the frequency of LCA. There
      was no correlation between serum binding to beta 2m and levels of either serum
      immunoglobulin or serum beta 2m. These data have indicated that the prevalence of
      LCA in sera containing ANA was significantly associated with the separate
      presence of ATA suggesting some form of common escape from immunoregulation of
      autoimmunity; LCA activity was strongly correlated with increased serum binding
      to beta 2m.

PMID- 6384522
TI  - Mechanism of immunosuppression in leprosy--macrophage membrane alterations.
AB  - L-Lysate induced macrophage membrane alteration was studied using 3 membrane
      markers: (i) Fc receptor, (ii) Concanavalin A (Con A) receptor, and (iii) M.
      leprae adherence to macrophage membrane. The data indicate that L-lysate induces
      membrane perturbation of normal macrophages. The alteration can be reversed with
      trypsin and colchicine. Membrane alteration observed may lead to defective
      macrophage participation in a cell-mediated immune reaction.

PMID- 6384524
TI  - Estimation of length and surface of anisotropic capillaries.
AB  - Surface density (SV) and length density (LV) of myocardial capillaries have
      hitherto been estimated from their profile boundary length (BA) and their
      numerical density (QA) on transverse sections by the simplifying assumptions of
      the Krogh model (perfectly anisotropic, straight, unbranched capillaries with
      constant cross-sectional area). As the capillaries actually are partially
      anisotropic, curved, branching cylinders with variable cross-sectional area, a
      geometrical bias arises from the model-reality discrepancies. We have applied and
      compared two methods to overcome these inconsistencies: (1) estimation of LV and
      SV by a more realistic model (the Dimroth-Watson distribution); (2) estimation of
      LV and SV from isotropic uniform random (IUR) sections. Twelve male Wistar rats
      were fixed by retrograde vascular perfusion. One pair of longitudinal and
      transverse sections, and six IUR sections per animal were selected at random from
      the left ventricular papillary muscles. Ultrathin sections were silver
      impregnated and studied by light microscopic morphometry. Nearly identical
      estimates of LV and SV were found by both methods. The model-based estimation
      provides biologically meaningful anisotropy constants, but it presupposes
      knowledge of the anisotropy axis. The IUR method provides no measure of
      anisotropy, but it can be applied in tissues where the anisotropy axis is not
      known. Both methods are equally efficient and practically unbiased in SV
      estimation, but the model-based estimation is far more efficient in LV
      estimation.

PMID- 6384526
TI  - Predominant attached state of myosin cross-bridges during contraction and
      relaxation at low ionic strength.
AB  - The chemical states of a cross-bridge--nucleotide complex were studied using a
      fluorescent ATP analogue, 1-N6-etheno-2-aza-ATP(epsilon-2-aza-ATP). The
      fluorescence of epsilon-2-aza-ATP at specific emission wavelengths was enhanced
      by 12.5 times upon binding to myosin in a relaxed muscle and the fluorescence
      from the resultant myosin(M)-epsilon-2-aza-ADP-Pi intermediate was 2.5 times
      greater than that from a M-epsilon-2-aza-ADP complex. Similar enhancements of the
      fluorescence of epsilon-2-aza-ATP and epsilon-2-aza-ADP were observed upon
      binding to heavy meromyosin in solution. Binding of F-actin did not change the
      fluorescence of epsilon-2-aza-ATP or epsilon-2-aza-ADP bound to heavy meromyosin.
      When a muscle went from a relaxed state to a state of isometric contraction or
      contraction with shortening, the fluorescence intensity decreased only slightly
      or not at all, i.e. the fluorescence of nucleotides bound to most of the myosin
      heads during contraction is the same as that of the M-epsilon-2-aza-ADP-Pi
      intermediate. These results suggest that an actomyosin(AM)-epsilon-2-aza-ADP-Pi
      intermediate is the predominant attached state during contraction. When the ionic
      strength of the relaxing solution was decreased, cross-bridges formed at 6
      degrees C without tension generation. At 20 degrees C, a large tension was
      produced although the shortening velocity was negligibly small or zero. The
      fluorescence intensity decreased by 15% at 20 degrees C but only a small decrease
      of 3% was observed at 6 degrees C, suggesting that the predominant complexes in
      the attached state were AM-epsilon-2-aza-ATP and/or AM-2-aza-ADP-Pi at 6 degrees
      C and AM-epsilon-2-aza-ADP at 20 degrees C. Thus, the identification of the
      actomyosin-nucleotide complexes existing before and after the force-generating
      step lent further support to the conclusion that the sliding force is generated
      by conformational changes in actomyosin when the (epsilon-2-aza-)ADP-Pi complex
      is bound to it.

PMID- 6384525
TI  - Nuclease digestion of circular TRP1ARS1 chromatin reveals positioned nucleosomes
      separated by nuclease-sensitive regions.
AB  - TRP1ARS1 is a circular yeast DNA of 1453 base-pairs that contains the N
      5'phosphoribosyl anthranilate isomerase (TRP1) gene and a sequence important for
      autonomous replication (ARS1). It exists extrachromosomally in 100 to 200
      copies/cell and is presumably packed in nucleosomes. TRP1ARS1 has been partially
      purified as chromatin from lysed spheroplasts of yeast using gel filtration. A
      structural analysis of mapping micrococcal nuclease and DNAase I cutting sites
      with an accuracy of +/- 20 base-pairs is presented. Comparison of nuclease
      cleavage sites in chromatin and in purified DNA reveals that regions which are
      protected against nuclease attack are not distributed randomly. These regions are
      big enough to accommodate nucleosome cores. Three nucleosomes are positioned in
      the so-called ARS sequences, and are stable at low and high levels of digestion.
      The TRP1 gene region is covered by four nucleosomes, but they are neither
      randomly arranged nor precisely positioned. They are not stable and rearrange or
      disintegrate during digestion. The nucleosomal regions are separated by two
      segments of DNA (A, B), each about 180 base-pairs long, which are very sensitive
      to DNAase I and micrococcal nuclease and therefore presumably not packed in
      nucleosomes. Region B is found 5' to the TRP1 gene and might be related to
      transcription, whereas region A is centered around the termination codon of the
      TRP1 gene and the putative origin of replication.

PMID- 6384523
TI  - Magnesium transport across cell membranes.

PMID- 6384527
TI  - Detection of a cell surface antigen found on rat peripheral nervous system
      neurons and multiple glia: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells.
AB  - A cell surface component has been identified that is found on cultured rat dorsal
      root ganglion neurons and Schwann cells and also cultured brain astrocytes and
      oligodendrocytes. This component was detected with a monoclonal antibody
      originally generated to the NG108 (N18 mouse neuroblastoma X C6 rat astrocytoma)
      hybrid cell line. The antibody, designated B2C11, binds to cultured peripheral
      nervous system cells: intact dorsal root ganglion and trigeminal neurons and
      cultured dorsal root ganglion and sciatic nerve Schwann cells. The binding of
      B2C11 to dorsal root ganglion neurons in vivo was confirmed by immunofluorescence
      analysis of cryostat sections. However, cultured embryonic rat central neurons
      showed no detectable binding of B2C11. Cultured brain cells containing glial
      fibrillary acidic protein (astrocytes) and also oligodendrocytes cultured from
      corpus collosum did bind B2C11 on their surfaces. B2C11 immunoprecipitation of
      detergent-solubilized membrane proteins from both lactoperoxidase iodinated C6
      and PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells indicated a single band with an apparent
      molecular weight of 21,000-23,000. Analysis of B2C11 binding to particulate
      protein preparations from adult rat organs showed highest specific activity in
      dorsal root ganglia. Other neural tissues had substantial binding. Some nonneural
      tissues (lung, kidney, and small intestine) expressed significant antigen levels,
      whereas others (heart, liver, and skeletal muscle) had a B2C11 antigen-specific
      activity less than 5% of that of dorsal root ganglia. Thus the B2C11 antigen is
      enriched in neural tissues, where it is found on the surfaces of a unique set of
      neuronal and glial cells.

PMID- 6384528
TI  - Effect of early burn excision and grafting on pulmonary function.
AB  - The effects of early burn excision and grafting on pulmonary function were
      measured. Blood gases, PaO2/FIO2, and dynamic lung compliance were measured
      before, during, and after 70 procedures in 37 patients with major body burns, 22
      of whom also had significant superimposed impairment in lung function. Excisions
      were carried out 24 to 48 hours and again 5 to 7 days postburn, only in
      hemodynamically stable patients in whom ventilation could be safely maintained
      to, from, and in the operating room. We noted no instances of increased pulmonary
      dysfunction which were not rapidly reversible in the postoperative period. A
      modest transient decrease in lung compliance and oxygen exchange, as well as an
      increase in PaCO2, was seen which we attributed to a discontinuation of PEEP
      (positive end expiratory pressure) and underestimation of needed minute
      ventilation intraoperatively and during transport. This was in large part
      corrected in the latter part of the study period. Seven patients, mean age 67
      years, were included in the series. All patients did well. We conclude that if
      proper precautions are made, early excision can be safely performed in patients
      with altered lung function.

PMID- 6384529
TI  - How do immunomodulators affect host defense in the burn patient?

PMID- 6384530
TI  - How does the local inflammatory response affect the wound healing process?

PMID- 6384531
TI  - How do the methods and timing of debridement affect the quality of repair?

PMID- 6384532
TI  - What criteria should be used for designing artificial skin replacements and how
      well do the current grafting materials meet these criteria?

PMID- 6384533
TI  - Can repair processes be stimulated by modulators (cell growth factors, angiogenic
      factors, etc.) without adversely affecting normal processes?

PMID- 6384534
TI  - What advantages/disadvantages do high-frequency ventilator have over the more
      conventional methods of ventilating injured patients?

PMID- 6384535
TI  - Can ultrasound assist an experienced surgeon in estimating burn depth?

PMID- 6384536
TI  - Displacement of the diaphragmatic echo by hepatic cysts: a new explanation with
      computer simulation.
AB  - Previous demonstrations of distal displacement of interfaces deep to cystic
      structures have been based on only the slower speed of sound through the cystic
      structure, which has been postulated to cause an apparent discontinuity in the
      echo from the diaphragm deep to a cyst. The authors found cysts whose
      identification could not be explained by this theory because they were too small
      or the diaphragm was displaced in such a manner that the explanation would not
      hold true. They propose that, in addition to the slowing of the speed of sound
      through the cyst, refraction at the edge of the cyst can cause the apparent
      discontinuity. Since the machine does not distinguish the sound beam as having
      been refracted, the echo is displayed at the appropriate distance along the
      vector in the direction in which the transducer was pointing at the time. A
      computer simulation is used to confirm this theory.

PMID- 6384537
TI  - Chronic ectopic pregnancy.
AB  - A chronic ectopic pregnancy is a form of tubal pregnancy in which there is
      gradual disintegration of the tubal wall with slow and/or repeated episodes of
      hemorrhaging leading to the formation of a pelvic mass. A review of 22
      pathologically proven cases of this entity revealed the pelvic mass to be a
      hematocele, or a sealed-off inflammatory mass composed of blood clots, organized
      hematomas, and surrounding adhesions. Sonographically, the abnormality is
      manifested by an extrauterine, complex mass in the adnexa(e) and cul-de-sac. The
      mass may obliterate uterine margins and be confused for pelvic inflammatory
      disease, endometriosis, or uterine leiomyomas. With an increased awareness of
      this entity and its mildly symptomatic and protracted clinical course, a
      preoperative diagnosis should be possible.

PMID- 6384539
TI  - Small-parts real-time sonography: a new "water path".
AB  - A new commercially available gel material was used as a convenient and
      inexpensive water path. It enabled conventional real-time equipment with 3.5- or
      5-MHz transducers to yield satisfactory results during superficial and small
      parts examinations.

PMID- 6384538
TI  - Longitudinal and transverse uterine area measurements (LTUA) are not
      representative of intrauterine volume.
AB  - A midline longitudinal area and the maximum transverse area of the pregnant
      uterus were used to compute the intrauterine volumes of 37 women in the third
      trimester of pregnancy. The results were compared with measurements done
      simultaneously using a parallel planimetric area method. The use of only two
      areas caused significant underestimation of total intrauterine volume, by 14-36
      per cent. Because of the variable shape of the uterine cavity in pregnancy, the
      product of longitudinal and transverse intrauterine area measurements cannot give
      reliable information about intrauterine volume.

PMID- 6384540
TI  - Ultrasonic visualization of varicosities in the female genital tract.
AB  - The characteristic ultrasonic appearance of varicosities in the female genital
      tract is demonstrated by examinations of three pregnant and four nonpregnant
      patients. The ease and importance of differentiating this entity from pelvic
      masses and its role as a cause of painful symptoms are indicated.

PMID- 6384541
TI  - Antenatal diagnosis of hydrometrocolpos by ultrasound examination.

PMID- 6384542
TI  - Aneurysm of the gastroduodenal artery causing biliary obstruction: real-time
      ultrasound diagnosis.

PMID- 6384543
TI  - A femoral hernia diagnosed by ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

PMID- 6384544
TI  - Transvaginal pelvic ultrasonography.

PMID- 6384546
TI  - Birth weights of fetuses exposed to diagnostic ultrasound.
AB  - The birth weights of newborns routinely subjected to diagnostic ultrasound
      antenatally are compared with the birth weights of infants delivered by the same
      physician over a similar span of time seven years earlier, when diagnostic
      ultrasound was not available. They are also compared with the birth weights of
      infants delivered by a physician in the same rural community who requested
      diagnostic ultrasound for less than 10 per cent of his pregnant patients. There
      is no apparent difference between the average weights of the infants subjected to
      diagnostic ultrasound and those who were not.

PMID- 6384545
TI  - Ultrasonic features of fallopian tube carcinoma.
AB  - With the routine use of sonography in the evaluation of patients with pelvic
      masses, it is essential to be familiar with the sonographic features of fallopian
      tube carcinoma so that diagnosis can be made early and thus contribute to prompt
      management of these patients. The authors present the clinical manifestations,
      sonographic features, and pathologic correlations in three cases of fallopian
      tube carcinoma.

PMID- 6384547
TI  - Sonographic diagnosis and classification of anomalies of the female genital
      tract.
AB  - A retrospective study of 68 female patients with sonographic diagnoses of genital
      tract anomalies was done. Corroboration by hysterosalpingography and/or surgery
      was available in 47 cases (69 per cent) and by visualization of two cervices on
      physical examination in three cases (4 per cent). Scan results are categorized as
      diagnostic, confirmatory, and incorrect. The 50 patients were placed in the
      following proposed categories: segmental mullerian agenesis (four cases);
      "peculiar appearing" uterus (three cases); uterus didelphys (19 cases);
      bicornuate and septate uterus (22 cases); obstructed lower with normal upper
      genital tract (two cases).

PMID- 6384548
TI  - Intraoperative sonographic identification of nonpalpable pancreatic masses.
AB  - Intraoperative ultrasonography has been used for diagnosis and guidance during
      surgical exploration in a variety of organ systems. Use of the technique in four
      patients who underwent surgical exploration of the pancreas is described. Two of
      the patients had bile duct dilatation suggesting pancreatic carcinoma, but had
      otherwise unremarkable conventional imaging studies and normal palpation of the
      surgically exposed organ. Both proved to have small cancers, identified by
      sonography. Two other subjects with known pancreatic pseudocysts had additional
      cysts imaged during the intraoperative examination.

PMID- 6384549
TI  - Sonographic features of retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma.

PMID- 6384550
TI  - CT and ultrasonographic findings in jugular vein ectasia.

PMID- 6384551
TI  - Difficulty in sonographic diagnosis of cephalothoracopagus.

PMID- 6384552
TI  - Sonographic demonstration of rupture of a cystic teratoma during pregnancy.

PMID- 6384553
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of ectopia cordis.

PMID- 6384555
TI  - Porcine leukocyte cellular subsets sensitive to African swine fever virus in
      vitro.
AB  - African swine fever virus infected most, if not all, of the macrophages
      (monocytes) and ca. 4% of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes from porcine
      peripheral blood. B and T lymphocytes, either resting or stimulated with
      phytohemagglutinin, lipopolysaccharide, or pokeweed mitogen, were not susceptible
      to the virus. All of the mitogens used inhibited African swine fever
      multiplication in susceptible cells. The number of virus passages in vitro and
      the virulence degree of the virus did not affect the susceptibility of porcine B
      or T lymphocytes to African swine fever virus.

PMID- 6384556
TI  - Core antigen and antibody in woodchucks after infection with woodchuck hepatitis
      virus.
AB  - The woodchuck hepatitis virus is a naturally occurring hepatitis B-like virus
      that infects the eastern woodchuck. Direct immunofluorescence staining for
      woodchuck hepatitis virus core antigen in liver biopsies demonstrated the
      presence of this antigen in 14 of 17 chronically infected woodchucks, and in 8 of
      10 woodchucks undergoing acute infections. Fluorescent localization of woodchuck
      hepatitis virus core antigen was typically cytoplasmic, and this was confirmed
      further by electron microscopy. Experimental infection with woodchuck hepatitis
      virus was achieved in four of four woodchucks inoculated with serum from chronic
      carrier woodchucks. All infected animals developed a self-limited disease
      characterized by seroconversion to antibodies against the major viral antigens
      (core and surface antigens); naturally acquired acute infection demonstrated a
      similar course. A chimpanzee seronegative for all markers of hepatitis B virus
      developed a subclinical infection after inoculation with woodchuck hepatitis
      virus.

PMID- 6384554
TI  - Identification of adenovirus 12-encoded E1A tumor antigens synthesized in
      infected and transformed mammalian cells and in Escherichia coli.
AB  - A 16-amino acid peptide, H2N-Arg-Glu-Gln-Thr-Val-Pro-Val-Asp-Leu-Ser-Val-Lys-Arg
      Pro-Arg-Cys-COOH (peptide 204), targeted to the common C-terminus of human
      adenovirus 12 (Ad12) tumor antigens encoded by the E1A 13S mRNA and 12S mRNA, has
      been synthesized. Antibody prepared in rabbits against peptide 204
      immunoprecipitated two proteins of apparent Mr 47,000 and 45,000 from extracts of
      [35S]methionine-labeled Ad12-early infected KB cells and a 47,000 protein from
      extracts of the Ad12-transformed hamster cell line, HE C19. Immunoprecipitation
      analysis of infected and transformed cells labeled with 32Pi showed that both
      major Ad12 E1A T antigens are phosphoproteins. Immunofluorescence microscopy of
      Ad12-early infected KB cells with antipeptide antibody showed the site of E1A
      protein concentration to be predominantly nuclear. E1A proteins were detected by
      immunofluorescence at 4 to 6 h postinfection and continued to increase until at
      least 18 h postinfection. Antipeptide 204 antibody was used to analyze the
      proteins synthesized in Escherichia coli cells transformed by plasmids containing
      cDNA copies of the Ad12 E1A 13S mRNA or 12S mRNA under the control of the tac
      promoter (D. Kimelman, L. A. Lucher, M. Green, K. H. Brackmann, J. S. Symington,
      and M. Ptashne, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., in press). A major protein of ca.
      47,000 was immunoprecipitated from extracts of each transformed E. coli cell
      clone. Two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis of immunoprecipitates
      revealed that the T antigens synthesized in infected KB cells, transformed
      hamster cells, and transformed E. coli cells possess very similar molecular
      weights and acidic isoelectric points of 5.2 to 5.4.

PMID- 6384559
TI  - Noninvasive evaluation of renal artery stenosis and renovascular resistance.
      Experimental and clinical studies.
AB  - Doppler ultrasound was used to detect experimental and clinical renal artery
      stenosis (RAS) and increased renovascular resistance (RVR). Parameters assessing
      RAS included elevated systolic frequency and spectral broadening, while
      diastolic/systolic frequency ratios predicted elevated RVR. In canine models
      these parameters detected graded RAS before reduction in renal blood flow. Index
      values were 88% sensitive and 100% specific in identifying RAS with gradients
      greater than or equal to 25 mm Hg. Diastolic/systolic frequency correlated well
      with increased RVR induced by microsphere injections (p less than 0.05). Duplex
      scanning noninvasively detected bilateral renal artery velocity in 113 of 120
      patients. Index values were 83% sensitive and 97% specific in identifying greater
      than or equal to 60% RAS in 86 vessels visualized by angiography. Estimated RVR
      was significantly higher in age-matched hypertensive and atherosclerotic patients
      than in controls (p less than 0.01). Ultrasound may be useful to screen patients
      for RAS and increased RVR.

PMID- 6384557
TI  - Favorable balance of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 improves early patency of
      human in situ vein grafts.
AB  - Graft thrombosis soon after reconstruction remains a major obstacle to the use of
      reversed vein grafts in infrapopliteal reconstruction. Our clinical experience
      with in situ vein grafts corroborates Leather's results by demonstrating an
      overall graft patency of 95% below the knee at 1 year and 94% in the
      infrapopliteal group. It has been postulated that this improved early patency
      rate of in situ vein grafts is the result of more optimal preservation of the
      endothelium of the vein graft. To investigate this hypothesis, human saphenous
      veins were handled by an in situ and a reversed technique. The intact vein
      segments were then tested for luminal production of prostacyclin and thromboxane
      A2 and fixed for scanning electron microscopic analysis of the surface
      morphology. This study demonstrated that endothelial cell prostacyclin release is
      enhanced in human in situ vein segments but not in reversed vein segments. In
      addition, luminal production of thromboxane A2 is significantly greater in the
      reversed than in the in situ vein segments. These findings are associated with
      marked endothelial structural damage in the reversed veins and minimal
      endothelial disruption in the in situ veins. Therefore the ratio of the
      antiaggregatory vasodilator prostacyclin to the proaggregatory vasoconstrictor
      thromboxane A2 is significantly more favorable for the in situ vein segment than
      for the reversed vein segment. The observed excellent early patency of the in
      situ vein grafts in our poor-risk patient population may in part be the result of
      this favorable balance of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 and the more optimally
      preserved endothelial morphology.

PMID- 6384558
TI  - Efficacy of prostaglandin E1 in the treatment of lower extremity ischemic ulcers
      secondary to peripheral vascular occlusive disease. Results of a prospective
      randomized, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial.
AB  - Most previous reports suggesting beneficial effects of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)
      have been retrospective and uncontrolled. Therefore, this study was undertaken to
      assess the efficacy of PGE1 in the treatment of ischemic ulcers in patients with
      peripheral vascular occlusive disease (PVOD). One hundred twenty patients with
      one to three ischemic ulcers not healing for 3 weeks with standard care were
      randomized to receive either PGE1 (20 ng/kg/min) or a placebo for 72 hours
      through a central venous catheter. Ulcers were measured and photographed, and the
      rest pain was evaluated before and after infusion and at 1- and 2-month follow-up
      intervals. Fifty-seven patients with 95 ulcers received PGE1. Seventeen ulcers
      healed (18%); 22 ulcers decreased in size (23%); 37 ulcers remained unchanged or
      increased in size (39%); five new ulcers developed during the study (5%); and 14
      ulcers had inadequate follow-up (15%). Sixty-three patients with 115 ulcers
      received a placebo. Nineteen ulcers healed (16%); 38 ulcers decreased in size
      (33%); 45 ulcers remained unchanged or increased in size (39%); three new ulcers
      developed during the study (3%); and 10 ulcers had inadequate follow-up (9%).
      None of the above differences between the drug-treated group and the placebo
      treated group was statistically significant. This study did not demonstrate
      efficacy for intravenously administered PGE1 in the healing of ischemic ulcers in
      patients with PVOD.

PMID- 6384560
TI  - Influence of endothelial cell seeding on platelet deposition and patency in small
      diameter Dacron arterial grafts.
AB  - Serial platelet deposition, surface topography, and patency were evaluated in
      control (N = 28) and endothelial cell-seeded (N = 28) small-diameter (4 mm inner
      diameter) USCI Dacron grafts implanted in the carotid and femoral arteries of
      dogs. All dogs received aspirin (325 mg) daily for 2 weeks starting 24 hours
      prior to graft implantation. Endothelial cell seeding was performed by mixing
      suspensions of autologous endothelial cells that had been enzymatically harvested
      from segments of external jugular vein with blood that was used to preclot the
      prostheses. The platelet deposition on each graft was quantitated by means of
      indium 111-labeled platelets and technetium 99m-labeled red cells in a dual
      isotope platelet-imaging technique. Platelet deposition on seeded grafts 24 hours
      after implantation was significantly higher than on the controls (p less than
      0.05). Two weeks after implantation platelet deposition on seeded prostheses had
      decreased to a level significantly lower than that on the controls and continued
      to decline on serial studies up to 7 months. In contrast to seeded grafts,
      platelet accumulation on control grafts dramatically increased after the
      withdrawal of aspirin therapy and was associated with a sharp rise in control
      graft thromboses. Gross and scanning electron microscopic evaluation of
      endothelial cell-seeded grafts after 1 month indicated complete neointimal
      coverage, whereas none of the control grafts explanted at 1 month or later
      exhibited a continuous neointimal lining. Cumulative 7-month patency for seeded
      prostheses was significantly higher than for the controls (96% and 29%,
      respectively; p less than 0.001). We conclude that endothelial cell seeding in
      combination with short-term aspirin therapy is a simple, reliable diameter Dacron
      prostheses. Abrupt withdrawal of aspirin therapy may be contraindicated in
      nonseeded control grafts because it results in increased platelet deposition and
      thrombosis.

PMID- 6384561
TI  - Intraoperative assessment of carotid endarterectomy.
AB  - The use of operative arteriography during carotid endarterectomy facilitates
      identification and correction of technical errors. Although arteriography is the
      standard for assessing surgical results, it prolongs the operation and may
      increase the overall risk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate pulsed
      Doppler spectral analysis and arteriography as methods of intraoperative
      assessment. Operative arteriography was performed in 150 consecutive carotid
      endarterectomies. In 50 of these cases a sterile 20 MHz pulsed Doppler probe and
      real-time spectrum analyzer were used to evaluate internal carotid velocity
      patterns before and after endarterectomy. Operative arteriograms were normal in
      127 cases, whereas abnormalities were noted in 16 internal and seven external
      carotid arteries. Thirteen of the arteriographic defects were considered minor
      and accepted. Major defects requiring immediate repair occurred in eight (5%)
      internal and two external carotid arteries. In the 50 cases assessed by both
      techniques, seven internal carotid arteries had mild flow disturbances both
      before and after endarterectomy, whereas 38 of the remaining 43 arteries showed
      improvement in spectral characteristics after endarterectomy. In two patients who
      failed to show improvement on the initial postendarterectomy evaluation,
      operative arteriography demonstrated residual defects that required immediate
      repair. No other technical errors were encountered, and there were no
      perioperative deaths or neurologic complications in the 150 operations.
      Intraoperative assessment by pulsed Doppler spectral analysis is a safe, rapid,
      and accurate method for detecting technical errors during carotid endarterectomy.
      The high sensitivity of this method (no false negative assessments) makes it an
      ideal screening test to be used for selection of patients for operative
      arteriography. By indicating when a technical error is most likely, this approach
      precludes the need for routine operative arteriography.

PMID- 6384562
TI  - Real-time B-mode carotid imaging. A three-year multicenter experience.
AB  - This report attempts to establish the place of real-time B-mode carotid imaging
      in the diagnosis of carotid artery disease through an analysis of the results of
      3 years of experience in three major noninvasive vascular laboratories. Over 7000
      patients were studied noninvasively with real-time B-mode carotid imaging and
      oculoplethysmography (OPG). Angiographic comparisons of 1723 vessels form the
      basis of this study. All tests were interpreted by physicians who had no
      knowledge of the angiograms. Images and x-ray films were classified by diameter
      of stenosis: grade I (0% to 39%), grade II (40% to 69%), grade III (70% to 99%),
      and grade IV (total occlusion). The effect of the imaging experience was
      determined by dividing the study into two periods. The results of image quality
      vs. accuracy and of combining the anatomic study (scan) and physiologic study
      (OPG) were also evaluated. The overall data show a specificity of 87% (985 of
      1139), a sensitivity for grade II disease of 72% (193 of 267), a sensitivity for
      grade III of 66% (133 of 201), and a sensitivity for grade IV of 64% (74 of 116).
      With experience each center showed improvement of the imaging technique in
      diagnosing grade III (p greater than 0.1: not significant) and grade IV disease
      (p less than 0.0002: highly significant), although there was no improvement in
      the specificity and sensitivity of grade II disease. All scan errors were
      analyzed. Most errors were interpretation errors (27%: 90 of 338),
      scan/arteriogram mismatches (23%: 79 of 338), or poor-quality scans secondary to
      existing disease (22%: 75 of 338). There was a direct correlation of scan quality
      and accuracy, with a 97% specificity for grade I scans of good to excellent
      quality. When the scan and OPG agreed, there were uniform predictive values for
      all grades (88% to 93%). Sixteen of 79 scan/arteriogram mismatch vessels were
      operated on, and the scan proved more reliable in 86%. Real-time B-mode carotid
      imaging is a reliable technique for defining the normal carotid artery and is
      becoming increasingly sensitive in identifying existing disease. Despite its
      limitations, its strong points make it a valuable clinical tool.

PMID- 6384563
TI  - The elusive target: truth in scientific reporting. Comments on error, self
      delusion, deceit, and fraud.

PMID- 6384564
TI  - Noninvasive carotid artery evaluation following endarterectomy.
AB  - There has been recent interest in carotid restenosis following endarterectomy. To
      evaluate the significance of this complication, 2549 consecutive patients who
      were evaluated for suspected carotid artery occlusive disease by carotid
      phonoangiography, ocular plethysmography, and B-mode scanning techniques over a
      21-month period were reviewed. Within this group a total of 155 patients had
      previously undergone a carotid endarterectomy. Of these, only four patients
      manifested clinically significant restenosis. In the majority of patients the
      carotid bifurcation was free of significant disease. The "carotid shelf" that
      represents the superior aspect of residual intimal plaque following
      endarterectomy could be clearly identified in the early postoperative period;
      however, it later blended to become less distinct. In a few instances, however,
      the amount of residual plaque at the lower extent of the endarterectomy was very
      prominent and remained so during follow-up studies, suggesting the possibility
      that this might represent a focus for future thrombosis. We conclude that
      noninvasive testing as used herein is an accurate method of assessing the carotid
      artery following endarterectomy. The accuracy of these techniques has been of
      such high degree that 16 carefully selected patients have subsequently undergone
      carotid endarterectomy without preoperative angiography.

PMID- 6384565
TI  - Real-time B-mode venous ultrasound.
AB  - The ability of real-time B-mode ultrasound to directly visualize arteries and
      veins and thereby give anatomic rather than physiologic information is unique
      among the currently available noninvasive methods of vascular evaluation. The
      usefulness of this technique for examination of the carotid arteries has been
      well proven. Little attention, however, has been given to its applicability for
      deep venous evaluation. Over the past 12 months the veins of 108 upper and 215
      lower extremities have been studied with high-resolution real-time ultrasound.
      The technique and interpretive criteria are presented. Thirty extremities
      underwent confirmatory venography, and in this group the specificity and
      sensitivity of the ultrasound were 94% and 100%, respectively. In addition, the
      age of the thrombi detected was accurately predicted in 93% of this group. These
      preliminary results suggest that real-time B-mode venous ultrasound is an
      accurate, clinically useful noninvasive technique for the detection of deep
      venous thrombosis that complements the more widely used physiologic screening
      tests.

PMID- 6384566
TI  - Pharmacologic interventions in acute mesenteric ischemia: improved survival with
      intravenous glucagon, methylprednisolone, and prostacyclin.
AB  - An experimental model of acute mesenteric ischemia following 85 minutes of
      superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion in male Wistar rats was used in this
      investigation. Untreated control animals had a 48-hour survival rate of 38% (n =
      26), whereas sham laparotomy resulted in a 100% 48-hour survival rate (n = 10).
      Study groups received intravenous infusions of normal saline solution (16.6
      ml/kg/hr; n = 26) or similar volumes of normal saline solution with the addition
      of glucagon (1.6 micrograms/kg/min; n = 26), dopamine (3.2 micrograms/kg/min; n =
      26), or prostacyclin (PGI2) (10.7 ng/kg/min; n = 26). Infusions were begun 15
      minutes after initiating 85 minutes of SMA occlusion and were continued for a
      total of 90 minutes. Glucagon increased the 48-hour survival rate to 85%,
      significantly greater than both control survival (p less than 0.001) and normal
      saline solution group survival rates (p less than 0.025). Neither normal saline
      solution alone nor dopamine significantly increased the 48-hour survival rate,
      which was 54% in both groups. The PGI2 group survival rate, 65% at 48 hours, was
      significantly greater than the control rate (p less than 0.05), was not
      statistically different from the normal saline solution group survival rate, and
      was 20% less than the glucagon group survival rate, the latter difference
      approaching statistical significance (p = 0.10). Methylprednisolone (40 mg/kg; n
      = 26) administered as an intravenous bolus 15 minutes after initiating SMA
      occlusion significantly increased the 48-hour survival rate to 73% (p less than
      0.01), whereas neither intravenous heparin (150 U/kg; n = 26) nor superoxide
      dismutase (11,900 U/kg; n = 26) were beneficial. Glucagon, methylprednisolone,
      and PGI2 improved the survival rate in this model of acute mesenteric ischemia.

PMID- 6384567
TI  - Two fatalities after acute occupational exposure to ethylene dibromide.
AB  - A worker collapsed while working inside a tank that was later found to contain
      residues of ethylene dibromide. He died 12 hours later with metabolic acidosis,
      depression of the CNS, and laboratory evidence of liver damage. A supervisor
      attempting to rescue the first victim also collapsed inside the tank and died 64
      hours later with intractable metabolic acidosis and hepatic and renal failure.
      The clinical, pathological, and toxicological findings, as well as results of
      industrial hygiene sampling, are reported. Pathophysiological mechanisms and
      possible therapeutic interventions are discussed. The cases demonstrate the
      extreme hazards of exposure to the highly toxic chemical. The importance of
      protective work practices wherever there is potential exposure to ethylene
      dibromide is emphasized.

PMID- 6384568
TI  - Acute effect of atenolol on hemodynamic, plasma renin activity and plasma
      aldosterone concentration in the once daily oral administration.
AB  - A new beta-blocking agent, atenolol was studied on the supposition that it was a
      beta-blocker without any action on central nervous system. Atenolol was orally
      given to 10 patients with essential hypertension once a day and changes in
      various parameters were observed through 24 hours. As the results, hypotensive
      effect was accompanied by marked reduction of heart rate, systemic vascular
      resistance, plasma renin activity and blood aldosterone level over 24 hours. It
      was a decrease in systemic vascular resistance that showed best correlation with
      hypotensive effect.

PMID- 6384569
TI  - [Evaluation of two methods of maintenance chemotherapy with methotrexate and 6
      mercaptopurine for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia].

PMID- 6384570
TI  - [Advance of bone marrow transplantation in Seattle--in focus on clinical cases].

PMID- 6384571
TI  - [Schizophrenia and neurotransmitters].

PMID- 6384572
TI  - [Mountain sickness].

PMID- 6384573
TI  - [CT-guided stereotaxic operation].

PMID- 6384574
TI  - [Recent progress in the studies of HLA and transplantation].

PMID- 6384575
TI  - [Studies of sleep inducing substance].

PMID- 6384576
TI  - The value of ultrasonography in early detection of renal cell carcinoma.
AB  - Renal cell carcinoma is the third most frequent cause of urological cancer death
      in Japan. The first is bladder cancer and the second is prostatic cancer.
      However, there has been no clinical trial of mass screening for early detection
      of renal cell carcinoma. With a view to discovering a method of early detection
      for renal cell carcinoma, we analyzed the procedures for discovering renal cell
      carcinoma in 33 patients who were treated at our hospital. In 10 patients,
      carcinoma had been discovered accidentally without gross hematuria, abdominal
      mass or flank pain. Seven of these patients were first suspected of having renal
      cell carcinoma by ultrasonography, two by intravenous pyelography (IVP) and one
      by computed tomography. Seven out of nine patients operated on were surgically
      diagnosed as having stage I and two as having stage II. Ultrasonography is far
      better than IVP from the points of view of noninvasiveness, ease of performance
      and accuracy. In our study, ultrasonography was the most useful method for early
      detection of renal cell carcinoma. However, for the mass screening of renal cell
      cancer by ultrasonography, it is necessary to make its specificity and
      sensitivity clear and to debate its cost effectiveness.

PMID- 6384577
TI  - Aclarubicin in the treatment of multiple myeloma.
AB  - Fourteen patients with multiple myeloma received aclarubicin (ACR) intravenous
      drip infusion at a dose of 15-25 mg/m2/day for 7 days every 3 weeks. Nine of the
      patients achieved more than a 25% reduction in M-protein. In two of the nine the
      reduction was more than 50% and the duration of their responses was 2.0 and 2.8
      months, respectively. In the nine cases of previous combination chemotherapy
      resistant multiple myeloma, five showed more than a 25% reduction and one of them
      showed more than a 50% reduction in M-protein. One of the two patients with
      tumors achieved a marked regression of the tumor mass and two of the 14 patients
      showed marked improvement in subjective symptoms. Hematological toxicity,
      anorexia, nausea and vomiting occurred frequently. However, no cardiac toxicity
      obviously attributable to ACR was detected, and alopecia was generally mild.
      Thus, the above results indicate that ACR may be useful in combination
      chemotherapy for multiple myeloma because of its effectiveness and relatively low
      dose-limiting factors.

PMID- 6384579
TI  - [Clinical pathology in the past 30 years].

PMID- 6384578
TI  - Diagnosis of small carcinoma of the pancreas: importance of ultrasound scanning
      and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).
AB  - Diagnostic aspects of 23 patients with carcinoma of the pancreas were analyzed
      and four cases of small cancer (less than 2 cm) were presented. These tumors were
      resected between January 1975 and December 1982 in the National Cancer Center
      Hospital, Tokyo. Initial signs and symptoms were generally vague and none of them
      were specific for pancreatic cancer. The most important clues to the detection of
      the tumor were jaundice in the cases of pancreas head cancer, and extragastric
      compression demonstrated by x-ray examination in cases of cancer of the pancreas
      body and tail. In those cases without jaundice, elevated levels of amylase and
      glucose in the serum and urine were important findings. In regard to imaging
      diagnosis, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and ultrasonography
      were the most helpful means of diagnosis of small pancreatic carcinoma.

PMID- 6384580
TI  - Radioimmunoassay in laboratory medicine.

PMID- 6384581
TI  - [A case of hepatic aneurysm].

PMID- 6384582
TI  - [A case of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis].

PMID- 6384583
TI  - [Comet sign in the liver].

PMID- 6384584
TI  - [Abdominal injury].

PMID- 6384585
TI  - [Non-traumatic abdominal disease: indication and limitation of ultrasound and
      computed tomography].

PMID- 6384586
TI  - [Non-traumatic abdominal disease: angiography and interventional angiography].

PMID- 6384587
TI  - Variations of titers of immunofluorescent antibody against cercaria, adult and
      egg antigens developed in rabbits infected with Schistosoma japonicum before and
      after treatment with praziquantel.
AB  - The antibody titers of Schistosoma japonicum infected rabbits were examined
      against different antigens in various stages of S. japonicum using the indirect
      immunofluorescent antibody test with FITC-labeled anti-rabbit-gamma-globulin. The
      first immunofluorescent reaction could be demonstrated in the gut of adult worms
      3 to 4 weeks after infection, depending on the strength of infection, then 2
      weeks later within the egg shell and on the cercaria and about 1 more week later
      in the tegument of adult schistosomes. Treatment with praziquantel resulted in a
      remarkable decrease of the titers with cercaria antigen and in only a gradual
      decrease with egg, tegument and gut antigen. Therefore cercaria antigen seemed to
      be the most reliable index of successful treatment. The high sensitivity of gut
      and egg antigen might lead to difficulties to distinguish the successfully
      treated cases from chronic cases of S. japonicum infections.

PMID- 6384588
TI  - C1q microtiter plate ELISA system for detecting circulating immune complexes and
      its application of testing the sera in neurological diseases.
AB  - We have developed a C1q microtiter plate ELISA system for detecting circulating
      immune complexes. The sensitivity of our system ranges between 0.5 and 32
      micrograms equivalents of aggregated human IgG per ml. We have applied this
      system to 21 normal healthy controls and 80 neurological patients. Average level
      of circulating immune complexes in normal healthy controls is 4.67 +/- 2.67
      micrograms per ml. We choose the upper limit of normality as 10.01 micrograms per
      ml (M + 2SD) and define the cases above this limit as positive cases. We have
      found high percentages of positivity in multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic
      lateral sclerosis.

PMID- 6384589
TI  - [Endocrine pancreas in an old age].

PMID- 6384591
TI  - [Identification of human hemoglobin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
      using hemoglobin-coated polystyrene beads--forensic immunological studies on
      human specificity. Report-XVI].

PMID- 6384590
TI  - Decreased resistance to mycobacterial infection in mice fed a trichothecene
      compound (T-2 toxin).
AB  - The effect of T-2 toxin, a trichothecene compound, on bacterial infection was
      examined in mice infected intravenously with mycobacteria. T-2 toxin dissolved in
      olive oil was given orally in a dose of 0.1 mg, six to 12 times, at various
      stages of infection. The resistance-decreasing effect of the toxin was judged by
      two different criteria, the mouse survival period and the fate of tissue viable
      counts. This effect was accompanied by a decreased spleen weight. T-2 toxin was
      found to be a more potent immunosuppressing agent in this model than 5 mg of
      cortisone given intraperitoneally according to a similar schedule. In view of
      these observations, the potential importance of this mycotoxin was considered in
      relation to food hygiene.

PMID- 6384592
TI  - [Treatment of malignant tumors with the transplantation of autologous bone
      marrow].

PMID- 6384593
TI  - [Current methods of skin transplantation].

PMID- 6384594
TI  - [Nursing care of the patient with fulminant hepatitis undergoing glucagon-insulin
      therapy].

PMID- 6384595
TI  - [Hepatocyte transplantation to the spleen--in search of hepatic support].

PMID- 6384596
TI  - [Postwar transitions in the theories of nursing education: with special reference
      to the period between 1945 to 1955].

PMID- 6384597
TI  - Methacholine- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias in repeatedly cold-stressed
      mice.

PMID- 6384598
TI  - [Radioisotope split renal function and diuretic renogram in the surgical
      management of pelvo-ureteral junction].

PMID- 6384599
TI  - [Diuretic renogram in the evaluation of uretero-vesical junction].

PMID- 6384600
TI  - Antibiotic-resistant coliforms in the waste of piggeries and dairy farms.

PMID- 6384602
TI  - Innovative ED nurse practitioner group practice.

PMID- 6384601
TI  - Cardiac contusion resulting from blunt chest trauma.

PMID- 6384603
TI  - Assessment of injury severity with the trauma score.

PMID- 6384605
TI  - Use of a concluding process to assist grieving families.

PMID- 6384604
TI  - A competency-based orientation program for the emergency department.

PMID- 6384606
TI  - Protocol for multiple-trauma patients and team member assignments.

PMID- 6384608
TI  - Marketing concepts for the emergency department.

PMID- 6384607
TI  - Duty to disclose patient information.

PMID- 6384609
TI  - Cell volume changes of epithelial and non-epithelial malignant cells during
      incubation.

PMID- 6384610
TI  - Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the established human
      bladder cancer cell lines.

PMID- 6384611
TI  - [Mitral valve prosthesis and suturing of an artificial defect of the atrial
      septum after 2 mitral commissurotomies].

PMID- 6384612
TI  - [Fungal endocarditis in patients with heart valve prosthesis].

PMID- 6384613
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of congenital stenosis of the aortic ostium].

PMID- 6384614
TI  - [The cardiovascular system and the kidneys in pheochromocytoma].

PMID- 6384615
TI  - [Septic endocarditis in cardiosurgical clinical practice].
AB  - The authors analyze the experience of the treatment of eight patients with
      primary acute septic endocarditis (SE), 35 patients with rheumatic heart disease
      complicated by secondary subacute SE, 68 patients with early postsurgery SE
      including 25 who had had closed mitral comissurotomy, and 43 with prosthetic SE.
      Surgical treatment consisting in the removal of the infection source (the
      impaired valve or prosthesis) and the implantation of a new prosthesis should be
      carried out before the development of irreversible alterations of the internal
      organs.

PMID- 6384616
TI  - [Endogenic activation of prorenin in hypertension].
AB  - Two forms of renin (active-APR and inactive-IPR) and its total production were
      studied in relation to the daily excretion of kallikrein in patients with
      essential hypertension of the labile and the stable stage at rest and following
      the stimulation by an hour's walk and the intravenous infusion of prostaglandin E
      (PGE). The results showed inverse correlations of APR and IPR in the total
      production of renin in hypertensive patients in different "renin" subgroups, and
      an inverse correlation between the level of IPR and the 24-hour excretion of
      kallikrein in the basal conditions and following an hour's walk. PGE infusion
      elevated APR and decreased IPR levels, leaving the total production of renin
      unchanged. The level of kidney kallikrein was inversely correlated with IPR and
      directly correlated with APR. The findings suggested the involvement of kidney
      kallikrein in the endogenic activation of prorenin.

PMID- 6384618
TI  - [Perfusion preservation of the heart by cardiosynchronized pulsating flow and
      fluorocarbon oxygenation of the blood].

PMID- 6384617
TI  - [Treatment of patients with exercise-induced angina pectoris with korinfar and
      isoptin].
AB  - Forty-eight patients with stable angina of effort of II and III functional
      classes were investigated to compare the efficacy of the calcium antagonists
      corinfar and isoptin, using placebo and a simple cross-over design of the study.
      The two drugs were found to have a high antianginal effect expressed in a
      statistically significant reduction of the incidence of anginal attacks and an
      increased tolerance to load as compared to placebo. The degree of the antianginal
      action of corinfar in a daily dose of 40 mg and isoptin in a dose of 240 mg was
      approximately the same. In some patients the antianginal effect of corinfar and
      isoptin was associated with an elevation in the pulse-pressure index at the peak
      of the load, which may be accounted for by the direct coronarodilatory action of
      these drugs.

PMID- 6384619
TI  - Pathology of fetal congenital nephrosis: immunohistochemical and ultrastructural
      studies.
AB  - The kidneys of four human fetuses aged 18 to 20 weeks of gestation with
      congenital nephrosis of the Finnish type (CNF) were studied by
      immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy to elucidate the pathogenesis of the
      disease. The immunohistochemical stainings for laminin, type IV collagen,
      fibronectin, brushborder antigens (BBA), Tamm-Horsfall protein (TH), and binding
      of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) did not reveal changes as compared to the age
      matched control kidneys. Proximal tubules of the CNF kidneys showed excessive
      accumulation of coarse granular alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and large absorption
      droplets with paracrystalline and membraneous structures were seen in electron
      microscopy. The dilated tubules were both of proximal and distal origin as judged
      from the BBA and TH stainings. It is suggested that the formation of the dilated
      tubules results from degeneration caused by obstruction and excessive protein
      loading of the tubular epithelium. Demonstration of the coarse granular AFP in
      the proximal tubular epithelium and lumina indicates heavy fetal proteinuria and
      serves as an additional diagnostic marker for prenatal CNF.

PMID- 6384620
TI  - Prognostically controlled comparison of dialysis and renal transplantation.
AB  - Because the comparison of survival in patients with renal failure treated by
      dialysis and transplantation may be biased by pretreatment prognostic differences
      in the patients who receive these two therapies, we quantified the pretreatment
      prognosis of all 430 dialysis and transplant patients who began therapy for end
      stage renal disease at two hospitals from 1970 to 1980. Five pretreatment factors
      had a statistically significant adverse effect on survival: age, duration of
      diabetes, left ventricular failure, myocardial infarction, and other serious
      comorbid illness. Dialysis patients had a worse pretreatment prognosis than
      transplant patients did. When we controlled for these pretreatment differences,
      the actuarial 5-year patient survivals were 80% for dialysis (D), 79% for cadaver
      transplantation (CT), and 91% for living donor transplantation (LDT), (P = 0.9
      for CT vs. D, and P = 0.05 for LDT vs. D). This similarity in survival with
      dialysis and cadaver transplantation was quite different from the results
      obtained when pretreatment prognosis was not controlled; the uncontrolled 5-year
      patient survivals were 43% for D, 77% for CT, and 89% for LDT (P less than 0.001
      for CT vs. D, and P less than 0.001 for LDT vs. D). Our data suggest that the
      major factor determining differences in survival with dialysis and renal
      transplantation is not the relative efficacy of the two treatments but the
      pretreatment prognostic status of the patients chosen to receive them.

PMID- 6384621
TI  - Diminished number of renin-containing cells in kidney biopsy samples from
      hypertensive women immediately postpartum: an immunomorphologic study.

PMID- 6384622
TI  - [Insulin secretion and hypoglycemia in newborn infants of diabetic mothers].

PMID- 6384623
TI  - [Characterization of alpha-glucosidase in skin fibroblasts in the diagnosis of
      glycogenosis type 2 (Pompe disease)].

PMID- 6384624
TI  - [Modified single-row suture-glue method of large intestine anastomosis after
      resection].

PMID- 6384625
TI  - [Device for applying hemostatic sutures to parenchymatous organs].

PMID- 6384626
TI  - [Current aspects of the dissolving of biliary calculi (review of the
      literature)].

PMID- 6384627
TI  - [Surgical treatment of pancreatic cancer].

PMID- 6384628
TI  - [Treatment of patients with acute cholecystitis and diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 6384630
TI  - [Treatment of patients with bacterial liver abscess].

PMID- 6384629
TI  - [Treatment of gallbladder injuries].

PMID- 6384631
TI  - [Effect of indomethacin on carbohydrate metabolism in generalized infection].

PMID- 6384632
TI  - [Problems with ileostomies (review of the literature)].

PMID- 6384633
TI  - [Surgical tactics in splenic injuries (review of the literature)].

PMID- 6384634
TI  - [Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome].
AB  - The von Hippel-Lindau syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition that comprises,
      apart from angiomas of the retina, the cerebellum, the spinal cord, and the
      cerebrum, also cystic and blastomatous dysplasias resulting from maldevelopment,
      namely cystic kidney and pancreas, hypernephroma, and pheochromocytoma. Early
      observers of the syndrome were the English neurologist John Hughlings Jackson
      (1872) and the German ophthalmologist Hugo Magnus (1874). The typical association
      of angiomas of the retina with the cerebellum was first described in 1905 by the
      Prague ophthalmologist Wilhelm Czermak, long before Lindau (1926). The fact that
      hypernephromas and pheochromocytomas may form parts of it characterizes the
      syndrome as a polyneoplastic hereditary disease and the sufferers as members of
      families at risk. Since the ophthalmologist is often the first to recognize this
      disease by direct inspection of the fundi, he is responsible for ensuring proper
      medical care for the affected person and his or her entire family.

PMID- 6384635
TI  - [Keratoplasty a chaud as a therapeutic measure in acute corneal infections].
AB  - Over a period of 2 1/2 years penetrating keratoplasty was performed on 11
      patients suffering from fulminating bacterial infection of the cornea at the
      florid stage, in 4 cases with perforation. Therapeutic keratoplasty is indicated
      for hypopyon ulcer and corneal abscess in 3 situations: (1) when the infected
      cornea perforates spontaneously; (2) when perforation threatens, even though the
      symptoms of the infection may be regressive; (3) when medication fails to change
      the course. Early operative intervention is to be recommended in each case. The
      aim of therapeutic keratoplasty is to eliminate the dangerous pathologic process
      in the cornea and to shorten the duration of the condition. This can be achieved
      with impressive speed. In some cases a primary result is attainable which is
      visually satisfactory and permanent, as was the case with 2 patients in the group
      described in this paper; as is to be expected, however, follow-up operations are
      often necessary and offer a second opportunity of restoring vision as well.

PMID- 6384637
TI  - [Clinical suitability of pindolol eyedrops in the treatment of chronic open-angle
      glaucoma].
AB  - Pindolol eye drops were compared with Timolol in a randomized 4-week
      investigation carried out in patients suffering from open-angle glaucoma. The two
      drugs were found to have the same pressure-lowering effect. Pindolol has been
      used in internal medicine for more than 12 years now. It has less influence on
      airway resistance than Timolol.

PMID- 6384636
TI  - [Is pindolol suitable for the therapy of glaucoma? Evaluation of the dose-effect
      of various concentrations of pindolol eyedrops].
AB  - Various concentrations of Pindolol eye drops (0.17%, 0.35%, 0.5%, 0.72%, 1.0%), a
      beta-blocking agent with an intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, were investigated
      with regard to their pressure-lowering effect in open-angle glaucoma. It was
      found that all of these concentrations reduce intraocular pressure, but that only
      the 1% solution has a significantly stronger effect after 24 hours. It is
      therefore preferable to use this relatively high concentration, especially as it
      is not accompanied by a bronchopulmonary risk.

PMID- 6384638
TI  - [Varicosis of the angular vein--a rare differential diagnosis].
AB  - Report on a female patient with an indolent, bluish tumor medial to the inner
      canthus; after a Valsalva-maneuver, echography and phlebography had been
      performed, a solitary varix of the angular vein was diagnosed; and confirmed by
      surgery and histological study. Possible differential diagnoses and clinical
      significance (danger of intraoperative aspiration of air with subsequent lethal
      air embolism) are discussed.

PMID- 6384639
TI  - [The Annette von Droste-Hulshoff syndrome].
AB  - In the past, physicians interested in the great poetess Annette von Droste
      Hulshoff argued as to whether she suffered from chronic tuberculosis or Graves'
      disease. We can now explain her physical appearance without any difficulty,
      thanks to our knowledge of the oculopathy of prematurity. Annette von Droste
      Hulshoff was a premature infant delivered in the seventh or eighth month, and
      there is no doubt that she suffered from severe myopia and myopic exophthalmos.
      Moreover, she had a divergent pseudosquint, as can be seen in some portraits of
      her; this was very probably caused by a dragged disc or dragged retina (i.e.,
      displacement of the macula). The increasing number of outstanding talents seen
      among premature infants, who now grow up thanks to the incubator, reminds us that
      Annette von Droste-Hulshoff's vast knowledge and her poetic genius were an
      expression of her prematurity, which is documented in biographies and by cryptic
      autobiographical evidence.

PMID- 6384640
TI  - [Echographic findings following intravitreous silicone injections].
AB  - In 27 patients treated by silicone injection combined with pars plana vitrectomy
      various conditions of the retina were demonstrated by echography. As a result of
      silicone oil instillation the vitreous distance is prolonged and the sound
      absorption is higher. At the border of the silicone bubble the reflective echos
      are especially high. From the form of the border echos of the silicone bubble it
      is possible to determine whether there is a retinal detachment, with or without
      subretinal silicone. It is shown that the examination results always depend on
      the position of the patient's head when the silicone bubble does not completely
      fill the vitreous cavity. The authors have worked out a set of rules which,
      because of their reproducibility, enable the surgeon to draw diagnostic
      conclusions in cases of opacity of the anterior segment.

PMID- 6384641
TI  - [Results of keratoplasty a chaud].
AB  - The results of keratoplasty a chaud in 49 eyes are reported. None of the eyes had
      to be enucleated. In 43% the transplant remained clear. The prognosis was best in
      cases of bacterial or fungal ulcers, provided that vascularization did not
      involve more than one quadrant. The results are compared with those of other
      authors who recommend the use of tissue adhesives first and only perform corneal
      grafting some months later.

PMID- 6384642
TI  - [Precision punch for corneal transplants].
AB  - Description of a precision punch with which buttons with perfectly smooth edges
      can be produced for corneal grafting.

PMID- 6384643
TI  - [Goethe's eye disease].
AB  - Ophthalmic diseases reported in the age of Goethe are difficult to identify today
      because the nomenclature used at that time is now antiquated. However, it is not
      difficult to establish from available documents that Goethe's left eye was
      seriously affected by an erysipelas (tenonitis? orbital phlegmon?), though it was
      not permanently damaged. With regard to differential diagnosis, an ophthalmic
      zoster may also be considered, but this is most unlikely considering the
      documentary evidence and the absence of lasting ocular damage.

PMID- 6384644
TI  - [Possibilities and biological properties of variously applied methods of corneal
      preservation].
AB  - As the demand for donor corneas increases, not only fresh donor material but also
      increasing numbers of preserved corneas are being transplanted. The simple eye
      banking procedures such as the moist chamber and the McCarey-Kaufman medium
      provide sufficient endothelial cell viability for short periods. The methods of
      organ culture of corneoscleral disks extend storage periods to up to four weeks.
      Cryopreservation as a method of long-term storage has not come to be widely used
      owing to the complicated procedure involved and the considerable damage thus
      caused to endothelial cells. Thus, the organ culture method may represent a
      compromise between extended storage periods and good endothelial cell viability.

PMID- 6384645
TI  - [Development of the treatment of chronic renal insufficiency in children in West
      Germany].
AB  - In a 10 year period from January 1969 through December 1978, 527 children up to
      16 years of age with end stage renal disease (ESRD) underwent renal dialysis in
      the Federal Republic of Germany and 156 renal transplantation. From the year 1969
      1974 20,8% of the children with ESRD under 5 years of age were dialysed, 55.4% of
      the children 5-10 years of age and 72.4% of the children with ESRD in the age
      group 10-16 years. In contrast from the year 1974 through 1978 50% of the
      children with ESRD under 5 years of age could be dialysed, 84.8% of the children
      5-10 years, and 88.8% of the children 10-16 years of age. According the data
      published by EDTA, the number of dialysis and renal transplantation in children
      in FRG (BRD) was lower than in other European countries. The number reported to
      EDTA from FRG thus far had not been accurate. The number of patients dialysed and
      transplanted had increased each year and since 1974, the number was comparable to
      France, Netherlands and Switzerland. However, the overall dialysis rate in Europe
      had reached a plateau since 1974. The 5 year survival rate for children with home
      or hospital dialysis in FRG (BRD) was 78%, which was worse than the rate reported
      by EDTA for home dialysis, which was 87%. However, the 5 year survival rate for
      renal transplantation was 74% for FRG (BRD) and 72% for EDTA (cadaveric renal
      transplantation), the results were quite comparable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6384646
TI  - [Surgical treatment of critical aortic isthmus stenosis in infancy].
AB  - Early and late results of 43 infants (35 under 3 months of age) who underwent
      different surgical repairs (29 Waldhausen subclavian flap method, 11 resection
      and end-to-end-anastomosis, 1 Clagett method, 2 Goretex patch) for coarctation of
      the aorta during the years 1970-1982 are reported. Only one patient had isolated
      coarctation, five patients had coarctation with patent duct (PDA). Associated
      cardiac anomalies were found in 37 patients. 17 (39,5%) infants died early after
      surgery. All were under 3 month of age with severe cardiac anomalies (16x
      intracardiac, 1x PDA). There were two late deaths after correction of
      intracardiac defects. In 6 out of 24 surviving patients restenosis developed 1-10
      years after repair (3 of 6 patients with end-to-end-anastomosis = 50%, 2 of 10
      patients with subclavian flap method = 20%, 1 patient with Goretex-patch). Our
      results show that coarctation with associated cardiac anomalies in patients under
      3 month present higher surgical risk. Subclavian flap technique ist the method of
      choice for preductal coarctation. Technical difficulties related of this method
      are discussed in detail.

PMID- 6384647
TI  - Hormonal regulation of electrolyte and water transport in the colon.
AB  - The colon participates in water and electrolyte homeostasis by the absorption of
      sodium (Na) and water as well as by potassium (K) secretion. The primary step of
      colonic transport is the active Na transport via a transcellular route. Steroidal
      hormones considerably increase Na absorption by utilizing two mechanisms: (1)
      passive Na entry into the cells in enhanced by an increased membrane
      permeability; (2) active transport capacity is increased by a stimulation of
      ATPase synthesis. Mineralocorticoid versus glucocorticoid actions of steroids
      have not yet been clearly differentiated; parallel influences are possible.
      Active chloride (Cl) secretion is found in the colon under certain pathological
      conditions and is induced by a number of factors, e.g., hormones produced by
      pancreas tumors. Cellular events involve a rise of intracellular cAMP and calcium
      (Ca) concentrations, and altered Cl permeabilities. Functional changes of colonic
      epithelial cells caused by hormones assume a significant role in the etiology of
      diarrhea, as well as in compensatory processes by which an intestinal loss of
      electrolytes and water is prevented.

PMID- 6384649
TI  - [Spontaneous clinical course of asymptomatic vascular processes of the
      extracranial cerebral arteries. Further results of a long-term prospective
      study].
AB  - The natural history of a prospectively selected group of neurologically
      asymptomatic patients with extracranial arterial disease (EAD) was studied. 35 of
      184 patients died over a period of follow-up of four years (mean = 21 months).
      Only four of them had a stroke, while coronary artery disease was the far more
      common cause of death (n = 19). Among those patients still alive 12 reported
      transient ischaemic attacks, two a stroke, and 116 remained asymptomatic--only
      two patients could not be followed. Thus by life-table analysis, the cumulative
      stroke rate was only 6%, irrespective of death or survival, about the same as the
      average risk of death in a normal population (5%). However, the probability of
      EAD progression was 88% as revealed by subsequent continuous-wave Doppler
      analysis of both the carotid and vertebral arteries in the neck. Neither the
      degree of initial EAD nor its progression during follow-up were found to
      represent significant indicators of the patient's cerebrovascular risk. Since the
      majority of symptomatic patients did not proceed to frank strokes but presented
      with TIAs, prophylactic surgical treatment may reasonably be delayed.

PMID- 6384648
TI  - Fluorine and thyroid gland function: a review of the literature.
AB  - The increasing use of fluoride for prevention of dental caries poses the problem
      as to whether this halogen has antagonistic properties towards iodine, whereby it
      could hamper the success of iodine prophylaxis of endemic goitre. Review of the
      literature shows that some authors have found an inhibition by fluoride of
      various steps of thyroid hormone biosynthesis in animal experiments. By and
      large, the inhibition was only slight and it was elicited only with fluoride
      doses greatly in excess of those recommended for caries prevention. The
      inhibition was not consistently present and other authors could not confirm it in
      comparable experiments. There is no convincing evidence that fluoride produces
      true goitres with epithelial hyperplasia in experimental animals. There are some
      reports based on casual observations that fluoride is goitrogenic in man. On the
      other hand, several good studies with adequate exposed and control populations
      failed to detect any goitrogenic effect of fluoride in man. It is noteworthy in
      particular that fluoride does not potentiate the consequences of iodine
      deficiency in populations with a borderline or low iodine intake. Published data
      failed to support the view that fluoride, in doses recommended for caries
      prevention, adversely affects the thyroid.

PMID- 6384650
TI  - [Primary hypoaldosteronism, pseudo-hypoaldosteronism and distal tubular
      acidosis].
AB  - Aldosterone deficiency is caused by various defects of aldosterone biosynthesis
      in the adrenal gland or hyporeninism. The most important symptoms are
      hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. These electrolyte disturbances are also found in
      pseudohypoaldosteronism. Pseudohypoaldosteronism type I is characterized by
      insensitivity of the distal nephron for aldosterone. Hyperabsorption of chloride
      in the distal nephron leads to pseudohypoaldosteronism type II, which is linked
      with hypertension, whereas blood pressure in the other mentioned disorders is
      decreased. Renal tubular acidosis, mainly type 4, with impaired production of
      ammonia due to hyperkalemia, is frequently observed in hypoaldosteronism and both
      types of pseudohypoaldosteronism as well. The therapeutic regimen is different:
      low doses of fludrocortisone in hypoaldosteronism, potassium restriction, sodium
      bicarbonate and loop diuretics in type I of pseudohypoaldosteronism, and sodium
      restriction and chloruretic diuretics (thiazide) in type II of
      pseudohypoaldosteronism. In some cases hyperkalemia requires the use of potassium
      binding resins.

PMID- 6384651
TI  - Prostaglandin excretion after furosemide in normal and low-renin essential
      hypertension.
AB  - We examined the urinary excretion of prostaglandin (PG)E2 and PGF2 alpha before
      and 15 min after stimulation with the acutely vasodilating agent furosemide in 25
      normotensive controls and 81 patients with essential hypertension (EH). After
      furosemide administration, PGE2 excretion was lower in patients with EH (P less
      than 0.02). Excretion rates of PGF2 alpha and of sodium, and urinary volume in
      hypertensive patients were not significantly different from the values found in
      normotensive controls. Patients with low-renin essential hypertension (LREH) had
      a significantly reduced excretion of both PGE2 and PGF2 alpha before and after
      administration of furosemide as compared to controls. The difference in PGF2
      alpha excretion was also significant when LREH patients were compared to those
      with normal-renin essential hypertension (NREH). Patients with LREH were older
      and excreted less potassium than patients with NREH or normotensive controls. We
      conclude that the reduced PG excretion immediately after furosemide
      administration in patients with EH reflects a diminished capacity of the
      hypertensive kidney to generate prostaglandins which exert an overall
      vasodilating effect. Since renin secretion is under the control of renal PG
      formation, the decreased responsiveness of plasma renin activity (PRA) observed
      in patients with EH and predominantly in those with LREH may be the consequence
      of a decreased renal cortical PG generation. Alternatively, mechanisms that
      reduce both PRA and PG generation have to be considered.

PMID- 6384652
TI  - Corynebacterium group JK peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory
      peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - Corynebacterium group JK is described as the aetiologic agent of a second episode
      of peritonitis which occurred after a period of antibiotic treatment for likely
      endogenous peritonitis. Inclusion of vancomycin is suggested for treatment of
      continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) peritonitis in patients
      colonized by these multiresistant bacteria.

PMID- 6384653
TI  - The influence of chronic subcutaneous nicotine administration on aldosterone and
      corticosterone plasma concentrations and the plasma renin activity.
AB  - Since adrenocortical hormones and the renin-angiotensin system are capable of
      inducing defined pathophysiologic changes in the cardiovascular system, similar
      to those observed after nicotine, experiments were performed in rats to
      investigate the effect of chronic nicotine administration on the plasma
      concentrations of aldosterone (PAC) and corticosterone (PCC) and on the plasma
      renin activity (PRA). The administration of nicotine (0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg s.c. twice
      daily) over a period of 8 weeks did not significantly affect PCC. However, PAC
      showed a marked decrease, which did not appear to be the result of a nicotine
      induced ACTH inhibition, since a similar decrease in PAC was observed after
      suppression of ACTH by dexamethasone. PAC in rats with hereditary diabetes
      insipidus was depressed by nicotine to the same extent as in control rats. This
      argues against nicotine-induced stimulation of ADH leading to extracellular
      volume expansion, the cause of the observed decrease in PAC. Further experiments
      were carried out in which nicotine was administered chronically over 4 weeks
      (implanted osmotic minipumps infusing 0.17 mg/kg) in rats in which the endogenous
      activity of the renin-angiotensin system was modified by either a low- or high
      salt diet. Nicotine did not influence PRA in the low-sodium group, whereas in the
      high-sodium group PRA increased after nicotine. The data show that chronic
      nicotine administration in rats does not activate salt- and volume-retaining
      endocrine systems. Plasma aldosterone even decreased, except in animals kept on a
      high-sodium diet, in which an increase of PRA under nicotine was
      observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6384654
TI  - [Selective and locally-acting drugs in the treatment of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 6384655
TI  - [Aleksandr Porfir'evich Borodin (on the 150th anniversary of his birth)].

PMID- 6384656
TI  - [Hemopoietic status of rats exposed to weightlessness].
AB  - This paper summarizes experimental data on the erythropoiesis of rats flown on
      Cosmos biosatellites for 18-22 days. The histogenesis of the hemopoietic tissue
      is investigated at the level of stem cells, dividing-maturing pool and mature
      blood cells (erythrocytes). In weightlessness inhibition of the erythropoiesis in
      various skeletal sites occurs. Flight data are compared with hemopoietic findings
      in hypokinetic rats. Possible mechanisms underlying red blood disorders in humans
      during space flight are discussed.

PMID- 6384657
TI  - [Orthostatic circulatory instability: role of deconditioning of resistance
      vessels].
AB  - One of the effects of weightlessness on the circulatory system, i.e. reduction of
      the tension distending resistance vessels due to the loss of hydrostatic
      pressure, was simulated. For this purpose the abdominal aorta of rats was
      constricted by a wire spiral. As a result, the arterial pressure in the posterior
      body decreased by 30-50%. Beginning with postoperation day 7 the hydraulic
      resistance of resistance vessels of hindlimbs was decreased progressively and the
      myogenic regulation of their lumen was inhibited. The response to the stimulation
      of vasoconstrictive fibers of the sciatic nerve that was reduced 7-14 days after
      operation returned to normal 90 days later. An examination of the tail arteries
      demonstrated that the ability of their muscular layer to withstand the distending
      effect of the physiologically normal pressure was impaired. The magnitude of the
      constrictor reactions to norepinephrine (particularly to its moderate
      concentrations) was lowered. These changes may play an important role in the
      orthostatic disorders of circulation that occur after exposure to weightlessness.

PMID- 6384658
TI  - Do animals develop Reye syndrome?

PMID- 6384659
TI  - Biochemical and immunohistochemical localization of renin in human pituitary.
AB  - The renin content of human pituitaries obtained at autopsy of eight patients
      (four males and four females) within 3 hours after death from various diseases
      was determined. The pituitaries contained a significant amount of renin (5.5 +/-
      1.6 mg of angiotensin I/mg of protein/hour). Although much less (1/1000) than
      that in human kidneys (4.5 micrograms of angiotensin I/mg of protein/hour), this
      content was about 10 times higher than that in normal plasma (0.5 ng of
      angiotensin I/mg of protein/hour). More than 50% of the renin activity was
      inhibited by antihuman renin antibody. These results are the first detection of a
      significant amount of renin in the human pituitary. No difference in pituitary
      renin content between males and females was detected; the pituitaries from the
      two youngest patients showed the highest levels. Immunohistochemical staining
      showed no positive cells in the intermediate and posterior lobes and many
      positive cells in the anterior lobe. Serial sections were examined, and renin
      containing cells were immunohistochemically identified as polactin-producing
      cells without distinction as to the sex of the donor. This demonstration of the
      intracellular presence of immunoreactive renin lends strong support to the idea
      that renin is not a contaminant of pituitary preparations due to entrapped
      plasma, but is endogenous to the human pituitary.

PMID- 6384660
TI  - A brief history of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery in South Carolina.

PMID- 6384661
TI  - Recent advances in cosmetic facial surgery.

PMID- 6384662
TI  - A short historical note on the Conjoint DIH.

PMID- 6384663
TI  - An internal dimensional analysis of the least preferred co-worker measure.

PMID- 6384664
TI  - Altered potassium flux and myocardial dysfunction during sepsis.
AB  - Untreated septic shock results in depletion of extracellular fluid, cellular
      swelling, increased intracellular sodium, and decreased intracellular potassium
      concentrations in primate skeletal muscle. The Langer rabbit heart
      interventricular septal preparation was used to determine whether similar changes
      occur in cardiac muscle during sepsis. Rabbit septa (n = 17) were perfused with
      control and septic rabbit plasma plus red blood cells. Tissue contractility
      (developed tension [DT] and rate of tension change [dP/dt]) was followed, plasma
      cations were measured (Na+, K+, Ca2+, H+), perfusion pressure (PP) was monitored,
      and 42K efflux was determined. The effect on 42K efflux caused by the addition of
      potassium chloride to control plasma was determined. During perfusion with septic
      plasma there was significant decline of septal function (P less than 0.001). In
      12/17 experiments DT fell 77.8 +/- 21.4% and dP/dt fell 75.8 +/- 24.8% from
      control values (means +/- 1 SD). All septa recovered when perfusion with control
      plasma was resumed. If [K+] was increased in control plasma during 42K washout,
      the percentage increase of effluent counts per minute per minute correlated with
      the percentage rise of control plasma [K+] (r = 0.95, P less than 0.001). During
      perfusion with septic plasma there was no similar correlation (r = 0.277). 42K
      efflux increased during septic plasma perfusion independent of the differences
      between control and septic plasma [K+], demonstrating abnormal myocardial K+
      efflux. An abnormal efflux of K+ is seen during septic plasma perfusion similar
      to that described in primate skeletal muscle. It is associated with and may be a
      mechanism of action for the observed fall of contractility.

PMID- 6384665
TI  - Tennessee Dental Association directory and membership roster 1984-1985.

PMID- 6384666
TI  - Peroxidase antiperoxidase versus specific red cell adherence in detection of O
      (H) antigen in bladder cancer: a blind study.
AB  - We have previously demonstrated that the presence or absence of ABO(H) cell
      surface antigens correlated with stage, grade, and prognosis of patients with
      bladder cancer. However, because of the weak antigenecity of 0(H), certain
      investigators have reported a high rate of false-negative results utilizing
      specific red cell adherence (SRCA) test of Davidsohn. Since approximately 45% of
      the population is blood group O(H), this high rate of false-negative result
      renders the test unreliable in an ordinary laboratory. The present study is
      comparing the results of SRCA to that of peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP)
      technique in a double-blind fashion in 29 patients with bladder cancer having
      O(H) blood group. In terms of grade, stage, frequency of recurrent tumor, and
      quality of slides, the results of PAP is superior over SRCA. Furthermore, the
      convenience, permanence, and ready availability of PAP will enhance the utility
      of this test in a conventional histopathologic laboratory with a high rate of
      accuracy and reproducibility.

PMID- 6384667
TI  - Indefinite self-association of a solute in linear and branched arrays.
AB  - Theory is formulated using reacted-site probability functions to relate the
      concentration of monomer to that of total solute for a multivalent monomer which
      undergoes indefinite self-association to form an equilibrium array of linear
      chains and branched networks governed by a single site-binding constant. In turn,
      this intrinsic constant is related to the stoichiometric equilibrium constants
      describing successive additions of monomer; and the characterization of the
      composition of the mixture at different total concentrations is discussed
      together with the onset of gelation, which occurs when each polymer (excluding
      the infinite network) attains a maximum concentration. Analogous expressions
      defining solution composition are presented for indefinitely self-associating
      systems involving non-identical sites when interactions occur in a head-to-tail
      fashion between dissimilar sites. Finally, a bivalent monomer is considered with
      head-to-head and tail-to-tail interactions forming an indefinite array of
      polymers with alternating bond types. It is shown that the latter description is
      quantitatively consistent with results obtained previously on the indefinitely
      self-associating zinc-free insulin system. The postulated self-association
      pattern involving two site-binding constants of magnitudes 5.75 X 10(4) M-1 and
      0.85 X 10(4) M-1 is preferred to earlier suggested models on the basis of
      information available from X-ray crystallographic studies on insulin.

PMID- 6384668
TI  - Cardiac operations in patients with functioning renal allografts.
AB  - The Transplant Service at the University of Minnesota Hospitals has performed
      over 2,000 kidney transplants. Fourteen of these patients have developed cardiac
      conditions necessitating surgical intervention at intervals of 9 to 144 months
      (mean 67 months) following their transplantation. These individuals had a mean
      age of 42 years, and five (36%) were diabetic. All patients had functioning renal
      allografts with preoperative serum creatinine levels ranging from 1.0 to 1.8
      mg/100 ml (mean 1.4 mg/100 ml). Ten patients underwent aorta-coronary saphenous
      vein bypass grafting. One patient underwent bypass grafting and concomitant left
      ventricular aneurysmectomy. Native valvular endocarditis developed in two
      patients. One had tricuspid valve debridement for fungal endocarditis and the
      other had aortic valve replacement for bacterial endocarditis. The final patient
      had calcific aortic stenosis and coronary artery disease necessitating aortic
      valve replacement and coronary bypass. Two patients (14%) died perioperatively.
      One was a young woman with juvenile-onset diabetes and preinfarction angina who
      died suddenly several days after the operation; at autopsy, she was found to have
      an occluded graft to the right coronary artery and extensive infarction. The
      other was a 54-year-old woman with calcific aortic stenosis, coronary artery
      disease, and unstable angina who died perioperatively of uncontrollable
      arrhythmias. Autopsy suggested that she may have had an unsuspected infarction 1
      to 2 days before the operation. The remaining 12 patients had uneventful
      postoperative courses and returned to Class I functional status from a cardiac
      standpoint. There has been one late death (7%), 45 months after successful
      coronary artery bypass grafting, as a result of complications attendant to a
      perforated gastric ulcer. The remaining 11 patients are alive and well at
      intervals of 8 to 93 months (mean 31 months) after operation. Postoperative serum
      creatinine levels at hospital discharge averaged 1.6 mg/100 ml, not significantly
      changed from preoperative levels. Cardiac operations can be performed safely in
      patients with functioning renal allografts. Patient survival is acceptable and
      preservation of renal function has been uniformly successful in surviving
      patients.

PMID- 6384669
TI  - [Clinical advice on designing complete dentures].

PMID- 6384670
TI  - Haemoperfusion in the management of end-stage renal disease.
AB  - Haemoperfusion, mainly in the form of activated charcoal haemoperfusion, has been
      investigated for the treatment of end-stage renal disease. Short-term studies
      have demonstrated that charcoal haemoperfusion devices in combination with
      haemodialysis are safe, produce reversal of certain symptoms of uraemia, but do
      little to define the role of haemoperfusion in the management of end-stage renal
      disease. Long-term studies, however, have demonstrated that reduction in dialysis
      time may be achievable with the addition of charcoal haemoperfusion to dialysis
      or ultrafiltration in the routine management of the dialysis patient. However,
      since charcoal as an adsorbent fails to remove important uraemic toxins such as
      water, urea, electrolytes, phosphate and sulphate, haemoperfusion does require
      the addition of dialysis or ultrafiltration for the removal of such toxins. In
      future, haemoperfusion will probably consist of sorbents added to an
      ultrafiltration or dialysis device to form a hybrid artificial organ that will
      combine sorbents suitable for removal of urea, phosphate, etc., and will be a
      useful treatment in the routine management of end-stage renal disease.

PMID- 6384671
TI  - The rationale for plasmapheresis in renal graft rejection.
AB  - The present study reports on 15 transplanted patients with acute vascular
      rejection unresponsive to high-dose steroids, who underwent plasmapheresis
      treatment. Cyclophosphamide was combined with plasmapheresis in 11 patients in
      whom specific anti-HLA antibodies against the donor's mismatched antigens were
      detected. The treatment proved effective in removing the antibodies from
      circulation and in improving the graft function. Nine of these patients have a
      well-functioning graft 3 to 24 months after treatment. Plasmapheresis failed to
      reverse rejection in two out of the four patients where anti-HLA antibodies were
      not found, while the remainder have a satisfactory renal function after 18 and 32
      months respectively. We conclude that in transplanted patients plasmapheresis
      associated with an appropriate immunosuppressive therapy may be of value in the
      treatment of acute vascular rejection that is unresponsive to high-dose steroids,
      particularly when specific anti-HLA antibodies are detected.

PMID- 6384672
TI  - Coated charcoal haemoperfusion.
AB  - We have made use of the principle of artificial cells to microencapsulate
      charcoal by coating an ultrathin membrane directly on to the surface of
      individual activated charcoal granules. This way the enclosing membrane prevents
      any free powder from going into the circulation. At the same time, blood
      platelets are prevented from being removed by the activated charcoal. Since 1970,
      we have been carrying out clinical trials in patients for acute drug poisoning,
      chronic renal failure, liver failure and other conditions. Our earlier results
      have stimulated a number of other polymer coated charcoal systems to be studied
      and produced in a number of other centres. At present there are at least ten
      coated charcoal haemoperfusion devices being used. They vary somewhat in membrane
      thickness, membrane permeability, blood compatibility and efficiency. It is
      therefore important not to make generalizations based on the results obtained for
      the less effective and less blood compatible systems. Collodion (cellulose
      nitrate) membrane coated charcoal is sufficiently blood compatible for use in
      uraemia and acute intoxication. In conditions with very sensitive platelets
      (e.g., hepatic failure) we showed earlier that by adsorbing albumin on to
      collodion, a highly blood compatible system can be obtained. This approach has
      been extended in three ways: instead of albumin, protein A can be incorporated
      into the collodion coating, resulting in an immunosorbent system for clinical
      trial in cancer therapy; albumin can be used to coat synthetic immunoadsorbent
      for blood group antibody to allow clinical application; albumin can also be used
      to coat resins to make them blood compatible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6384673
TI  - Comparison of diluents for serum magnesium estimation by atomic absorption
      spectrophotometry.
AB  - In order to determine the optimal diluent for the determination of Mg by atomic
      absorption spectrophotometry, the following diluents were tested: deionized
      water, 0.1 mol/l HCl, 2.5 g/l SrCl2, 1.8 g/l LaCl3, 17.7 g/l LaCl3, half
      saturated 8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine), 40 g/l trichloroacetic acid (TCA)/17.7 g/l
      LaCl3, and 100 g/l TCA/0.1 mol/l HCl. The calibration curves, obtained on the
      same day, were passed through the origin in the form of linear regressions. The
      variances about the calibration curves did not differ significantly (p greater
      than 0.05), while the calibration slopes for the diluents differed significantly
      (p less than 0.001). A standard serum solution was analyzed with the use of the
      eight diluents and the mean results did not differ significantly (p greater than
      0.05). The % coefficient of variation varied from 0.8 to 2.0 and the percent
      recovery ranged from 95.5 to 102.5. The 99% confidence interval (CI) ranged from
      0.02 to 0.09. Since conventional CIs do not take into account the random error of
      the calibration curve, the inverse CI were also calculated for each diluent. On
      both the conventional estimates and on the inverse CI, strontium chloride gave
      the best results, but only marginally in view of the interassay variability of
      approximately 1%.

PMID- 6384674
TI  - Results of treatment of renal failure by means of home hemodialysis.
AB  - Of 630 patients who began hemodialysis treatment for chronic renal failure
      between 1965 and 1977, 147 successfully completed training for home hemodialysis.
      Patient compliance was satisfactory, as reflected by the results of monthly blood
      chemical values, hematocrits, and weight gain between dialysis. Although only 15
      patients had previous myocardial infarctions and 4 had had strokes before
      beginning dialysis, 9 patients subsequently experienced acute myocardial
      infarctions and 14 had strokes. Of the 45 patients who died while being
      maintained by hemodialysis, 24 had cardiopulmonary complications and 6 had
      strokes. Despite such complications, 70 patients were gainfully employed and 32
      were active at home or at school, whereas 29 were totally disabled. At last
      follow-up, 74 remained on home hemodialysis, 53 had functioning renal allografts,
      and the rest of the patients were being maintained in our dialysis center, had
      transferred elsewhere, or were being maintained by peritoneal dialysis. The
      overall estimated 5-year survival rate was 56%, whereas the estimated 5-year
      survival rate for those maintained by home hemodialysis alone was 52%.

PMID- 6384675
TI  - The anticentromere antibody: disease specificity and clinical significance.
AB  - Serum samples from 539 subjects were screened for the presence of the
      anticentromere antibody on a human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp-2) cell line
      (Antibodies, Inc.). The antibody was present in 61 patients (11%), most of whom
      had features of limited scleroderma or the CREST syndrome (calcinosis cutis,
      Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysfunction, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia),
      either independently or in association with primary biliary cirrhosis. The
      antibody was rarely found in patients with rapidly advancing or diffuse
      scleroderma. The anticentromere antibody is therefore a useful prognostic
      indicator in patients with early scleroderma, as it may help to predict what
      pattern of scleroderma will evolve. Screening for this antibody should be
      conducted in all patients with Raynaud's phenomenon, primary biliary cirrhosis,
      and scleroderma. Other previous studies have indicated a similar disease
      specificity and prognostic importance of this antibody.

PMID- 6384676
TI  - Effects of drugs and chemicals on the fetus and newborn (1).
AB  - Drug teratogenicity has been demonstrated experimentally for more than 30 years.
      After the discovery of the thalidomide-induced embryopathies, the fetal dangers
      of maternal drug ingestion were overemphasized. Accumulation of additional
      information during the past 15 years has led to a more balanced viewpoint
      concerning drug teratogenicity. A complex set of circumstances must prevail for a
      specific teratogenic effect to result. Not only the drug or environmental
      pollutant in question but also its dose, timing, and frequency of administration
      as well as the genetic and individual susceptibility of the embryo are important
      factors. Herein we review the currently available information on drug and
      environmental effects on the fetus and neonate.

PMID- 6384677
TI  - End-stage renal disease: then and now.

PMID- 6384678
TI  - The effect of serum growth factors and xyloside on molecular aging of
      proteoglycan in embryonal chick cartilage.
AB  - The effects of normal human serum, insulin-like growth factor and beta-D-xyloside
      on the synthesis of proteoglycan, as well as their differential effect on the
      synthesis of chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate side-chains, were studied in
      chick embryonal cartilage. The glycosaminoglycans found in the incubation medium
      were mainly intact carbohydrate moieties of partially degraded proteoglycan
      molecules, whereas the tissue-bound glycosaminoglycans were of intact
      proteoglycan molecules. In incubations with normal human serum, the synthesis of
      the chondroitin sulfate side-chains of the tissue-bound glycosaminoglycans was
      preferentially stimulated, while the percentage of medium glycosaminoglycan (out
      of the total glycosaminoglycan in tissue and medium) was reduced, compared to
      control incubations. In incubations with insulin-like growth factor, the
      synthesis of the keratan sulfate side-chains of the tissue-bound
      glycosaminoglycan was preferentially stimulated, whereas the percentage of the
      medium glycosaminoglycan resembled that of control incubations. In incubations
      with xyloside, a marked reduction of tissue-bound glycosaminoglycan was noticed,
      mainly of chondroitin sulfate chains, and only a slight decrease in keratan
      sulfate chains. Human serum of various age groups stimulated proteoglycan
      synthesis in embryonal chick cartilage to almost the same extent. However, sera
      from babies and adults were found to stimulate chondroitin sulfate chains
      preferentially, whereas serum of aged subjects preferentially enhanced the
      synthesis of keratan sulfate chains. These findings suggest that the synthesis
      and/or degradation of the various types of glycosaminoglycan chains (chondroitin
      sulfate and keratan sulfate) of cartilage proteoglycan can be regulated
      differentially by serum growth factors. Secondly, the growth hormone-mediated
      serum factor (insulin-like growth factor) seems to play a role in molecular aging
      of proteoglycans.

PMID- 6384679
TI  - Polyamines in mammalian ageing: an oncological problem, too? A review.
AB  - This review surveys the literature about changes in polyamine contents and levels
      of activity of the enzymes involved in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway in
      organs of ageing mammals. The literature about changes in the polyamine levels in
      physiological fluids in healthy ageing humans is also reviewed. Generally
      speaking, decreases in the levels of the main polyamines (noticeably putrescine
      and spermidine) are observed in different mammalian organs with ageing. The
      polyamine levels in serum and in urine of healthy human beings are also age
      related, declining progressively with increasing age. Some major enzymes (i.e.,
      ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) and S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase
      (EC 4.1.1.50) involved in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway show similar trends.
      Hormonal induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity is strongly reduced in
      organs of aged animals, as it is in neoplastic organs. There is also some
      evidence for an age-related decrease in the level of ornithine decarboxylase and
      its inducibility in mammalian cells cultured in vitro. Some in vitro effects of
      spermidine and spermine on aged structures or systems are briefly summarized.
      There is no evidence yet that this generally reduced capacity of mammalian aged
      organs for polyamine biosynthesis is one of the factors responsible for the well
      known high incidence of some neoplasias in elderly humans. In view of the typical
      stimulatory effects of the tumour promoters on polyamine biosynthesis in target
      tissues and the effects of senescence on the same metabolic pathway, it can be
      excluded that the ageing process has a tumour promoting effect by itself.
      However, although the exact mechanism responsible for the increased occurrence of
      some tumors during mammalian senescence is still obscure, there are enough
      experimental data (both in humans and in animals) to indicate that the reduced
      polyamine biosynthetic capacity of aged mammals can account for the slower course
      of some tumors in elderly patients.

PMID- 6384680
TI  - Ageing and the immune response--a unifying hypothesis?
AB  - In this article we review the abnormalities in immune function which have been
      described in relation to ageing. It is suggested that thymic involution may not
      be the only underlying cause. Many similar changes can be induced by the
      endotoxins from the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria. The colon is a large
      repository for these organism and bacterial breakdown products are found in
      portal venous blood. Spillover into the peripheral circulation is prevented by
      the hepatic Kupffer cells degrading these substances. A waning in Kupffer cell
      function is well documented in association with ageing and there may be spillover
      of endotoxins into the peripheral circulation in elderly individuals. It is
      suggested that such spillover of endotoxins may contribute to some of the
      immunological changes previously attributed to ageing.

PMID- 6384682
TI  - [Limitations of abdominal echography].

PMID- 6384683
TI  - [Bone cells, bone remodelling and coupling factors].

PMID- 6384681
TI  - Technology and the diabetic patient.

PMID- 6384684
TI  - [Current aspects of erythrocyte membrane pathology].

PMID- 6384685
TI  - [Specificity of antibodies against native DNA using Crithidia luciliae. Clinical
      and analytical features of patients with and without antibodies against native
      DNA in systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 6384686
TI  - [Sweet's syndrome: unusual associations. Apropos of 2 cases].

PMID- 6384687
TI  - [A 53-year-old woman with depressive syndrome, behavioral change and
      disorientation].

PMID- 6384688
TI  - [Lymphocytes and their subpopulations in psoriasis].
AB  - Peripheral blood lymphocytes and his subpopulations from 32 psoriatic patients
      were analyzed. For this, E rosettes for T cells, EAC rosettes for B cells and EA
      rosettes for receptors for Fc-IgM and Fc-IgG on T cells were employed. A decrease
      of circulating T cells is demonstrated as well an increase of null cells. No
      differences are observed for the number of circulating TM to TG cells (with Fc
      IgM or Fc-IgG receptors). However, a decreased of T null(T/) cells was found. The
      authors postulate that the phenotypic appearances of T cells was associated to
      localize waste of modulated or activated T cells in lesions during the active
      phase of psoriasis.

PMID- 6384689
TI  - [Toxic lichenoid melanodermatitis].
AB  - A 28-year-old man, that handled mineral oils was affected by liquenoid toxic
      melanodermitis with a history of four years. Optic and ultrastructural studies
      showed increased melanic pigment and another one, unknown, of different
      electronic density.

PMID- 6384690
TI  - [Post-transfusion graft vs. host reaction in aplastic anemia].
AB  - The case of a 34 years old white female patient with severe bone marrow aplasia
      is reported. Treated with blood product transfusions, she developed cutaneous
      lesions consistent with graft versus host reaction. Skin biopsy revealed
      "satellite-cell" necrosis. The patient condition did not improve with high dose
      steroid therapy, and a fatal outcome was observed.

PMID- 6384691
TI  - [Bullous eruption in systemic lupus erythematosus].
AB  - A 39 years old black woman with systemic lupus erythematosus developed tense
      bullae on erythematous bases on the flexor surfaces of the forearms and oral
      cavity. Some blisters healed with atrophy and pruritus was a striking feature.
      The diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus was based upon the following
      criteria: the typical blush in the butterfly area, alopecia, a painful macular
      papular eruption on the palms and fingers, fever, arthralgia, anemia, leukopenia,
      elevation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and positive ANA. Histologic
      examination showed a subepidermal bulla formation and perivascular inflammatory
      infiltrate containing lymphocytes and eosinophils. By indirect immunofluorescence
      no autoantibodies were detected. Direct immunofluorescence showed deposition of
      linear IgG. High doses of prednisone brought about clinical remission but there
      was no response to sulfone. The patient is on maintenance dose. The authors
      discuss the differences between the three diseases and conclude that the bullous
      eruption cannot be classified.

PMID- 6384692
TI  - [Kaposi's sarcoma in 2 patients after renal transplantation].
AB  - The authors present two cases of Kaposi's hemorrhagic sarcoma in renal transplant
      patients. The malignant condition appeared 28 and 34 months, respectively, after
      the transplant operation. There was and acceptable improvement of Kaposi's
      sarcoma in both patient with radiotherapy despite the fact that the patients
      continued on immunosuppression with bethametasone and azathioprine. One of the
      patients showed involvement of the small bowel wall with Kaposi's sarcoma at
      autopsy. The possible causes of the appearance of this neoplasm on these patients
      in discussed.

PMID- 6384693
TI  - [Weiss' nasal lymphoma (histiocytic, malignant)].
AB  - We presented a patient with a deforming and necrotizing syndrome of the nasal
      pyramid. The histopathology demonstrated a lymphoma. The original works of Weiss
      are related. The diseases is characterized by: ecotaxis of the nasal pyramid,
      localized persistency during a long time, malaise in advanced studies and
      sensibility to radiations. We proposed the name linfoma histiocitico maligno
      nasal de Weiss and consider it as a autonomous entity.

PMID- 6384694
TI  - [Cutaneous manifestations of the malabsorption syndrome].
AB  - A review of the skin changes in malabsorption syndrome, is presented; dividing
      the symptoms in skin, mucous membranes and adnexal involvement. In this way,
      acquired ichtyosis, hiperpigmentation changes, purpura and echimosis and
      eczematoid or psoriatic-like with generalized pruritus are described. The mucous
      membranes alterations are the most frequent ones, the angular cheilitis,
      glositis, ulcerations and aphthaes are pointed out, as well as the changes in the
      shape and colour of hair and nail abnormalities. Special mention deserve the
      particular cases of malabsorption syndromes that appears in: acrodermatitis
      enteropathica, dermatitis herpetiformis, Whipple disease, Cronkhite-Canada
      syndrome, dermatogenic enteropathy and abnormalities that occur as complication
      from the surgery treatment for obesity improvement.

PMID- 6384695
TI  - [Pityriasis versicolor in a newborn infant].
AB  - A case of pityriasis versicolor was reported on a child 29 days old. The source
      of infection probably was the mother who also was noted to have the mycosis. The
      differential diagnosis of hypochromic lesions should include pityriasis
      versicolor, even in very young children and direct examination is quick and easy
      can confirm the diagnosis of this condition.

PMID- 6384696
TI  - [Immunoblastic sarcoma associated with dermatitis herpetiformis].
AB  - Association between dermatitis herpetiformis and gluten enteropathy is well
      established. An increased incidence of malignant disease has been reported in
      patients with coeliac disease and also in dermatitis herpetiformis. Linear IgA
      dermatitis herpetiformis has a much lower incidence of associated enteropathy
      compared with patients with papillary dermatitis herpetiformis, but the risk of
      malignancy could be the same. We report a case of linear IgA dermatitis
      herpetiformis in which immunoblastic sarcoma subsequently developed.

PMID- 6384697
TI  - [Linear dermatitis of the calves. I. Clinical, epidemiologic and
      histopathological aspects].
AB  - A new form of contact dermatitis that we have denominated "lineal dermatitis of
      legs' calfs" is described. After presenting its clinical and histopathological
      characteristics, we analyse the main pathogenic fractures involved which are
      essentially related to a direct and intimate contact of calfs' skin with the
      acute border of buses' seats buits with fiber glass. It is believed that both the
      "dermatosis parasitaria de las butacas" of Quiroga (1959) and the linear women's
      calf dermatibis by paedherus (Martino and cols., 1979), correspond to the disease
      detailed in this paper.

PMID- 6384698
TI  - [Keratoacanthoma. Epidemiologic study of 100 lesions].
AB  - An epidemiologic analysis of keratoacanthoma was presented about: age, sex,
      topography, histology type, clinic variety, size and time of evolution. One
      hundred tumours are studied for one hundred patients, the study took place at the
      Dermatology Institute of Guadalajara of the SSA using the clinic and histology
      archives and the inspection of the lesions by microscope. It concludes that the
      keratocanthoma is uncommon in children, it usually presents itself between the
      ages of forty and seventy years, it affects exactly the same number of males and
      females, it principally affects sun exposed areas, it usually affects middle face
      area on the head, it doesn't appear on palms, soles and mucoses, it affects the
      same superficial levels as low level of the hair follicle, the most common type
      is the solitary keratoacanthoma, being rare for observations the multiple as the
      eruptive keratoacanthoma, it generally has 2 cm. or less on size but could even
      be up to 5 cm. or more and it has an average period of evolution of five months.

PMID- 6384699
TI  - [Benign late syphilis: 2 cases, gummatous syphilis and nodular syphilis].
AB  - Two mild syphilis cases are hereby described. Their clinical and morphological
      characteristics differ. The first case showed syphilitic gums on the right
      eyebrow rim and tuberous lesions, some of which ulcerated. They made up plaques
      like archs on limbs. The second case showed nodular lesions distribute on
      practically all the cutaneous tegument. The specific and non-specific syphilitic
      tests were positive. The CRL study on the cellular and serological aspects was
      normal. The histopathologic pieces were compatible with the clinical diagnosis.
      Lesions evolved to a quick disappearance with the penicillin G benzatine
      treatment established. Attention is drawn to the possibility of noticing new
      cases of mild syphilis due to the present high incidence of the sexually
      transmitted diseases.

PMID- 6384700
TI  - [Congenital cutaneous candidiasis. Apropos of a case].
AB  - A case of congenital cutaneous candidiasis is reported. This is a rare infection
      of the new born, which is usually benign and autolimited unless it becomes
      generalized. Laboratory data which allows the differentiation of this disease
      from others clinically similars and the relevant literature are reviewed.

PMID- 6384701
TI  - [Squaric acid dibutyl ester in the treatment of severe alopecia areata].
AB  - The results of the treatment with topical applications of squaric acid
      dibutylester in seven cases of severe alopecia areata are reported. In adult
      patients this form of therapy is very effective to achieve a total hair regrowth,
      but its use should be strictly limited to the most serious cases, recalcitrant to
      other therapeutical methods.

PMID- 6384702
TI  - [Fine needle aspiration biopsy from kidney transplants--application in clinical
      practice].

PMID- 6384703
TI  - [Ultrasonic examination of the scrotum for the diagnosis of suspected testicular
      tumor].

PMID- 6384704
TI  - [Correct spelling of Prosper Meniere's name and some comments on his life and
      work].
AB  - How to spell the name of Meniere correctly is documented in his original
      publications. He wrote his name without the frequently seen accent aigu on the
      first "e" but with an accent grave on the second. Furthermore some details from
      his life are reported which are not only of interest from the medical-historical
      point of view: He inspired Honore de Balzac in creating the character of Docteur
      Bianchon in the "Comedie humaine". Meniere himself reports in his "Journal de
      Blayes" about his medical and diplomatic mission as the Duchesse de Berry's
      doctor when she was imprisoned in the Fortresse de Blayes.

PMID- 6384705
TI  - [Critical review of the therapy of juvenile laryngeal papillomas].
AB  - At present no causal method is known for the treatment of juvenile papillomatosis
      of the larynx, which is probably caused by a virus. The data of 627 patients
      compiled between 1944-1982 and published in 32 reports, showed no significant
      preponderance of any of the three most frequently applied methods of treatment
      (excision including suction diathermy, destruction via laser beams and ultrasonic
      application). Our own observations showed that after an average of three
      operations by means of suction diathermy, a recurrence-free period of more than
      three years was achieved in 54.4% of the children (n = 16) and in 72.2% of the
      adults (n = 30). Improvement in the treatment of papillomas is due only to the
      definite reduction in tracheotomies and in cicatrization of the larynx.

PMID- 6384706
TI  - [The in vitro system in internal ear research].
AB  - The knowledge about in vitro culture of the embryonic inner ear dates back to the
      1920's. During the following decades it was mainly the avian embryonic labyrinth
      which was used for organ culture. Emphasis was put on histological
      differentiation of individual cells and tissues. A poor
      morphogenesis/organogenesis was accepted. In the 1950's a very important field of
      research emerged which concerned the morphogenetic relationship between cells and
      tissues of different types. A great progress in basic understanding of in vitro
      conditions for normal and tumour tissues from mammalian species including man
      occurred during the 1960's. In the early 1970's this was applied to research on
      the cytodifferentiation and morphogenesis of the embryonic mammalian inner ear
      anlage. The organ culture techniques have been applied to studies mainly on the
      embryonic development of the mouse inner ear anlage but also to some extent on
      early postnatal development. In vitro studies on other species are few. The in
      vitro technique for inner ear studies has been evaluated with regard to
      morphology and to some extent biochemical parameters as phospholipid composition,
      the transport enzyme adenylate cyclase, etc. With the introduction of the organ
      culture technique for the inner ear of the mouse and guinea pig (higher
      vertebrates) many of the experiments earlier restricted to lower vertebrates
      performed in vivo could now be performed with great accuracy in vitro using
      higher vertebrates and under considerably better controlled conditions: neural
      induction, epithelio-mesenchymal interactions, neurotrophic interaction, "fate
      mapping", tissue interactions for normal morphogenesis and studies on especially
      vulnerable stages during inner ear development and applied research as e.g.
      ototoxicity. It must be emphasised that applications of the organ culture
      technique cannot give information on the systemic effects of an agent, only about
      its direct action on a given tissue.

PMID- 6384708
TI  - Sir Morell Mackenzie revisited.
AB  - The story of Sir Morell Mackenzie and his famous patient, Frederick III, Crown
      Prince of Germany naturally divides itself into four segments: the physician, his
      famous patient, the illness, and its consequences both medically and
      historically. The circumstances of Frederick's death have affected us all.
      Medically, the cause of biopsy for carcinoma of the larynx was set back many
      years. For generations biopsy was considered unnecessary to the diagnosis. Had
      Frederick lived and remained Emperor, and had he encouraged Bismarck to continue
      a more liberal government and constitutional monarchy; had he continued the non
      aggression treaty between Russia and Germany; had he honored his pledge to Queen
      Victoria for a "close and lasting friendship between our two nations," how
      different our history might have been.

PMID- 6384707
TI  - [Serum antibodies against corneal and internal ear tissues in Cogan's syndrome].
AB  - Using the indirect immunofluorescence technique, IgG and IgA antibodies against
      human cornea and IgG antibodies against human inner ear tissue (stria vascularis,
      Reissner's membrane, spiral ligament, dark cell area) were demonstrated in the
      serum of a patient with cogan's syndrome. Sera of controls (healthy individuals)
      did not show positive reactions. Additionally the serum of two patients suffering
      from "idiopathic" progressive sensorineural hearing loss contained antibodies
      (IgG) which reacted with human inner ear tissue only but not with human cornea. A
      possible autoimmune mechanism in Cogan's syndrome is discussed.

PMID- 6384709
TI  - Localization of angiotensin converting enzyme (dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase) in
      swine sperm by immunofluorescence.
AB  - Testis and epididymis are known to have high amounts of angiotensin converting
      enzyme (dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase, EC 3.4.15.1). We investigated the
      localization of the enzyme in these tissues by an immunofluorescent technique and
      found that the enzyme was localized in the spermatids and residual bodies in the
      Sertoli cells of the testis. Furthermore, the enzyme was shown to be present in
      the cytoplasmic droplet of epididymal sperm and also in detached cytoplasmic
      droplets in semen. The enzyme was not detected in the interstitium of testis and
      epididymis except for the endothelial cells of the vessel.

PMID- 6384710
TI  - Arginine vasotocin (AVT), an alleged hormone of the mammalian pineal gland.
AB  - Arginine vasotocin has been proposed as a hormone of the mammalian pineal gland.
      This claim is largely based on biological and immunological results, although
      some chemical evidence has also been provided. Yet, more and more researchers
      have recently disclaimed the presence of this nonapeptide in mammalian tissue.
      The currently available evidence is critically reviewed exposing the dispute as a
      real one urgently requiring final settlement.

PMID- 6384711
TI  - Disappearance of enkephalins in the isolated perfused rat lung.
AB  - Enkephalin disappearance during a single passage through the isolated, Krebs'
      perfused rat lung was examined by superfusion bioassay. The rat colon was used to
      quantitate enkephalin disappearance since it proved to be sensitive to
      physiologic concentrations (10(-11) M) of met5-enkephalin or an analog D-ala2-D
      leu5-enkephalin. The rat stomach strip was used to assess the release of
      prostaglandins from the pulmonary vasculature. The rat lung rapidly degraded the
      enkephalins but released no prostaglandins in the dose-range of 0.1 - 50 ng.
      Captopril at doses which blocked conversion of angiotensin I to II inhibited the
      degradation of enkephalins across the lung.

PMID- 6384712
TI  - Brain protein phosphorylation in vitro: selective substrate action of insulin.
AB  - Insulin action on [32P]-phosphate incorporation into brain membranes was
      determined. Hippocampal homogenate tissue was phosphorylated with [32P]-ATP, and
      insulin was introduced at various times before or after ATP addition. With 50
      microM Mg++ in the medium, insulin selectively stimulated the phosphorylation of
      a 47kD phosphoprotein, Protein F1. This effect required the prior presence of
      ATP. No effect of insulin on other phosphoproteins, or on [32P]-phosphate
      incorporation into TCA-precipitated material, was observed under these
      conditions. At 1 mM Mg++, insulin selectively decreased the phosphorylation of
      the alpha-subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase. Insulin had no effect on other
      phosphoproteins, or on [32P]-phosphate incorporation into TCA-precipitated
      material under these conditions. The present study suggests a role for insulin in
      the modulation of brain protein phosphorylation. Since Protein F1 is
      phosphorylated by exogenous C kinase, and is likely the CNS-specific B-50
      protein, these data also indicate a brain-specific function for insulin, possibly
      by action on a Ca++/phospholipid protein kinase.

PMID- 6384713
TI  - Inhibition of the autoxidation of ascorbate and norepinephrine by extracts of
      Clostridium butyricum, Megasphaera elsdenii and Escherichia coli.
AB  - The autoxidation of ascorbate and of norepinephrine in Krebs Ringer phosphate
      medium, pH 7.4, was studied. The autoxidation of the two substances was
      determined spectrophotometrically at 265 and 480 nm respectively. The effect of
      dialyzed extracts (m.w. greater than 12,000) from Escherichia coli (aerobe),
      Megasphaera elsdenii, and Clostridium butyricum (obligate anaerobes) was examined
      and compared to similarly prepared extracts from rat serum and cerebral cortex.
      The assay medium contained cellular components diluted 10(3)-10(6)-fold. Up to
      10(4)-fold dilution there was a substantial reduction in the rate of both
      autoxidation reactions, but the preparations from M. elsdenii and C. butyricum
      were conspicuously less effective. After 5 min heat treatment at 100 degrees C
      the anaerobic preparations produced less than 20% inhibition, while the activity
      of the other preparations remained unchanged at 75-95% inhibition. These and
      earlier experiments involving additional mammalian species (Mishra and Kovachich,
      Neurosci. Lett., 43: 103-108, 1983) and plants (Mishra and Kovachich, Life Sci.,
      34: 2207-2212, 1984) suggest that a high level of heat-stable antioxidant
      activity in one or both of these autoxidation tests (denatured plant extracts
      only inhibit ascorbate autoxidation) is a general characteristic of organisms
      that thrive in oxygen-rich atmosphere.

PMID- 6384715
TI  - The blood-lymph barrier in the liver. A review based on morphological and
      functional concepts of normal and cirrhotic liver.

PMID- 6384714
TI  - The effects of streptozotocin diabetes on tissue specific lipase activities in
      the rat.
AB  - Fasting in normal rats produced a fall in hepatic triglyceride lipase (H-TGL)
      activity as well as lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities of adipose tissue and
      psoas minor muscle. On the other hand, LPL activities of heart and diaphragm were
      not decreased by fasting; the former, in fact, was increased significantly.
      Changes in tissue specific lipase activity caused by withdrawal of insulin from
      insulin-treated diabetic animals paralleled in direction the changes induced by
      starvation of normal rats. Furthermore, it was shown in the present paper that
      the tissue specific lipase activity of diabetic rats became stuck in the starve
      phase of the starve-feed cycle regardless of dietary intake. The changes of the
      tissue specific lipase activities, especially of liver, adipose tissue and heart,
      appeared to coincide with those of plasma insulin levels. These results strongly
      suggest that the tissue specific lipase system is under hormonal regulation by
      insulin. Streptozotocin diabetes produced hypertriglyceridemia. The possible
      mechanism of the hypertriglyceridemia in diabetic animals was discussed in
      connection with the role of the tissue specific lipase system in the serum
      triglyceride metabolism.

PMID- 6384716
TI  - Immunoelectronmicroscopy: immunogold and immunoperoxidase compared using a new
      post-embedding system.

PMID- 6384717
TI  - [Combined effect of radiation and chemical carcinogens].

PMID- 6384718
TI  - [Complications of radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy of lymphogranulomatosis].

PMID- 6384720
TI  - [Small-scale laser unit and its use in dental surgery].
AB  - A design and main specifications of the laser set lTM-01 for the operative
      dentistry are presented. Some methods and manipulations are also described.
      Special attention is focused on a rather high therapeutic activity of He-Ne laser
      beams at the radiation density about 0,1-1 mW/cm2 when treating more than 3000
      patients. In the course of the treatment no complications have been observed. The
      set does not require any special room or particular protection for personnel and
      patients. It is mounted on the dental chair and may be conveniently used by a
      physician during consultations.

PMID- 6384719
TI  - [Electron acceptor compounds as radiation sensitizers of hypoxic cells in human
      tumors].

PMID- 6384721
TI  - [Proteus septicemias. Apropos of 4 cases].
AB  - The authors record four cases of septicemia caused by Proteus, observed at the
      "Hopital Girard et Robic" resuscitation department, in Tananarive, Madagascar.
      The patients were young and free from visceral disorders. The first case was a
      post-abortum etiology with a myocardial clinical picture. The second case also
      was a post-abortum etiology. The course led to the septic shock and to the death.
      The starting point of the third case was the urinary system, following upon the
      removal of an urinary obstruction due to post-operative anuresis. In the fourth
      case, the focus was urinary with a pulmonary clinical picture. The course led to
      the septic shock and to the death. In all instances, the germ showed sensitivity
      to amikacin and to the third-generation cephalosporins. The clinical course that
      led to the septic shock had deeply entailed the prognosis of these septicemias.

PMID- 6384722
TI  - Carbohydrate dynamics in the hypermetabolic septic rat.
AB  - Glucose turnover is increased during shock and in acute sepsis, but relatively
      little information is available concerning the regulation of carbohydrate
      metabolism during the hypermetabolic phase of sepsis. In these studies peritoneal
      sepsis was induced in rats, following chronic vascular catheterization, by
      intraperitoneal administration of a pooled fecal inoculum. The resultant
      peritonitis has been shown to produce a sustained hypermetabolic state during the
      first three days of infection. Glucose and lactate kinetics were studied using a
      constant infusion of radiolabeled tracers during the peak of the hypermetabolic
      phase (day 2). The septic animals exhibited a 42% increase in glucose turnover
      and a 63% increase in the metabolic clearance rate of glucose, as compared to
      time-matched control rats. Hepatic glycogenolysis could only contribute 1% to 2%
      to the increased rate of glucose appearance. A major portion of the elevated
      glucose turnover was accounted for by a 93% increase in glucose recycling,
      indicating an enhancement of gluconeogenesis from glucose-derived gluconeogenic
      precursors. The increased importance of lactate as a precursor for
      gluconeogenesis in sepsis was indicated by the elevated lactate turnover (34%)
      and the increased percentage of 14C-glucose derived from 14C-lactate. The insulin
      to glucagon ratio was decreased in the septic animals as a result of a reduction
      in the plasma insulin concentration (56%) and an increased glucagon concentration
      (67%). We conclude that during the hypermetabolic phase of sepsis, the increased
      peripheral glucose uptake generated more gluconeogenic precursors but did not
      appear to have a major direct contribution to the increased aerobic metabolism.

PMID- 6384723
TI  - The recF-dependent endonuclease from Escherichia coli K12. Formation and
      resolution of pBR322 DNA multimers.
AB  - The instability of supercoiled pBR322 DNA obtained from different cells has been
      investigated. Partially purified plasmid DNA species from rec+, recA and recBC
      sbcB cells are converted in vitro first to relaxed and then to linear molecules.
      The recA and recBC sbcB cells produce the best conditions for the monomerization
      of the pBR322 DNA and the stable maintenance of plasmids. The supercoiled pBR322
      DNA from the recBC sbcB recF144 cells has been isolated preferentially in
      multimeric form (circular oligomers). These DNA forms are not converted to
      plasmid monomers and are converted to linear molecules three-fold slower than the
      monomer linearization in the case of the recBC sbcB cells. On the other hand,
      incubation of the pure pBR322 DNA with the recF-dependent protein Z (Krivonogov
      and Novitskaja 1982) results in the ATP-independent conversion of supercoiled
      plasmid DNA to relaxed and linear molecules. These results demonstrate an
      endonuclease activity of the recF-controlled protein Z, which may be involved in
      general recA-dependent recombination and formation of the pBR322 monomers in the
      cell. The results also show that the recF144 mutation in recBC sbcB recF and recF
      cells leads to the absence of detectable amounts of a 49,000 molecular weight
      protein.

PMID- 6384724
TI  - Transcriptional organization of the rpsA operon of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Three strong and two minor rpsA promoters were found by nuclease S1 mapping,
      promoter cloning and in vitro transcription. The longest transcript encodes a
      protein, located upstream from rpsA with a molecular weight of 25,000. The
      identity of this protein remains to be established. The other rpsA promoters are
      located within the gene for this 25 K protein. The rpsA leader region including
      the sequence of the 25 K protein and its promoter was DNA sequenced.

PMID- 6384725
TI  - Cytochrome b of cob revertants in yeast. 1. Isolation and characterization of
      revertants derived from cob exon mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - About 300 revertants were derived from 44 cob- mutants, mapping in the structure
      coding regions (exon 1, 3, 4, 5, or 6) of the mitochondrial apocytochrome b gene
      in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, strain 777-3A. Most of the revertants could not be
      distinguished from the wild-type by means of physiological properties. Twenty-two
      revertants different in phenotype are described here in more detail. The
      suppressor mutations (supa) that compensate the primary cob- mutations (i.e.,
      restore growth on glycerol) are mitochondrially inherited. They were localized in
      the same cob exon regions as the respective primary mutations, except for one
      revertant with a primary mutation in exon 6 and a suppressor, 4.2 map units
      distant, which may be located either in intron 5 or downstream in exon 6. Of 21
      suppressors 17 are closely coupled to the primary mutation with recombination
      frequencies of less than or equal to 0.1%-0.3%. An estimate predicts that in more
      than 80% of these revertants only one amino acid is altered at that point of the
      polypeptide corresponding to the cob- site in the gene. The most interesting
      revertant phenotypes are: reduced growth rate on glycerol. The respective cob
      /supa mutations are scattered over the whole cob region and cannot be correlated
      exclusively with special gene regions. decreased cytochrome b content. The most
      extreme reductions (28% and 30% of wild-type level) were observed to be due to
      mutations located in the 5' proximal part of exon 1. The highest percentage of
      revertants with decreased cytochrome b content was predominantly found mapping in
      exon 3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6384726
TI  - Mutation to rifampicin resistance at the beginning of the RNA polymerase beta
      subunit gene in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The unusual recombinant plasmid pRC19 carrying the N-terminal fragment of the
      Escherichia coli RNA polymerase rpoB gene was found to specify high level
      rifampicin resistance of E. coli cells. Sequence analysis of this plasmid
      revealed one substitution only: transversion G----T, leading to amino acid
      substitution Val146----Phe. This mutational change marks the second domain of the
      beta subunit involved in rifampicin binding.

PMID- 6384727
TI  - Functional expression of the genes of Escherichia coli in gram-positive
      Corynebacterium glutamicum.
AB  - Hybrid plasmids were constructed by combining in vitro the Escherichia coli
      plasmid pGA22, which carries the genes determining resistance to kanamycin,
      tetracycline, chloramphenicol and ampicillin, with the cryptic plasmids, pCG1 and
      pCG2, of Corynebacterium glutamicum. The hybrid plasmids were introduced into C.
      glutamicum and E. coli and replicated in both hosts. They expressed all the E.
      coli resistance phenotypes except ampicillin resistance in C. glutamicum. The
      levels of antibiotic inactivating enzymes encoded on these plasmids were about
      four to ten times lower in C. glutamicum than in E. coli. Despite the lack of
      expression of ampicillin resistance, beta-lactamase activity was detected in C.
      glutamicum carrying hybrid plasmids.

PMID- 6384728
TI  - Amber dnaG mutation exerting a polar effect on the synthesis of RNA polymerase
      sigma factor in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Three amber mutants of Escherichia coli, dnaG9, dnaG24 and dnaG26, affected in
      the structural gene (dnaG) for "primase" have been isolated from a parental
      strain carrying a temperature-sensitive amber suppressor (supF-Ts6). These
      mutants grow at 30 degrees C but not at 42 degrees C since primase is essential
      for growth and is synthesized only at low temperatures. Chimeric plasmids
      carrying dnaG+ but no other chromosomal genes of E. coli complemented the amber
      mutations, and the plasmid carrying a part of dnaG lost the complementing
      activity. Beside, plasmids carrying a dnaG amber mutation complemented a
      temperature-sensitive dnaG mutation only in the presence of amber suppressor. One
      of the amber mutations, dnaG24 which maps proximal to the NH2-terminus of the
      dnaG gene, exerted a polar effect on the synthesis of RNA polymerase sigma factor
      in E. coli.

PMID- 6384729
TI  - The use of extragenic suppressors to define genes involved in protein export in
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - The secA gene codes for a membrane component involved in protein export in E.
      coli. In order to define other genes whose products play such a role, we have
      characterized extragenic suppressors of a secA(Ts) mutation. These suppressors
      fall into at least three genetic loci. One such locus is the prlA gene,
      previously identified by mutations which suppress signal sequence mutants. Thus,
      this approach may allow the identification of new genes involved in the export
      process.

PMID- 6384730
TI  - In vitro template activity of 0.3 mRNA from wild type and initiation mutants of
      bacteriophage T7.
AB  - Bacteriophage T7 0.3 mRNA synthesised and processed in vitro has been purified
      starting from the DNA of T7+ as well as from that of two initiation mutants of T7
      (CR17 with a U----C transition in the initiation codon and CR35b whose potential
      Shine and Dalgarno (S-D) interaction is interrupted by a G----A transition).
      These mRNAs were used as templates to direct the binding of fMet-tRNA and the
      synthesis of 0.3 protein in both E. coli and wheat germ cell-free systems. The
      initiation codon mutant displayed approximately 50% inhibition of fMet-tRNA
      binding and 0.3 protein synthesis in both systems. The S-D sequence mutant, on
      the other hand, was found to be less affected than the initiation triplet mutant
      (20%-40% inhibition) in both fMet-tRNA binding and template activity in the E.
      coli system. In the wheat germ system, which does not make use of the S-D
      interaction, however, this mutant displayed normal template activity suggesting
      that the inhibition obtained in the E. coli system, albeit slight, is due to the
      impairment of the S-D interaction and not to an alteration of the mRNA secondary
      or tertiary structure caused by the base substitution.

PMID- 6384731
TI  - An essential gene for replication of the mini-F plasmid from origin I.
AB  - We constructed a series of defective mini-F plasmids, which have deletion(s) in
      the replication origin I and/or origin II, and their derivatives, which do not
      produce F3 protein, by insertion of the XhoI fragment of Tn5 into the XhoI site
      at 41.0 F (kilobases on the coordinate map of F-plasmid). Using these mutant mini
      F plasmids, we found that F3 protein is essential for the replication of mini-F
      from origin I, but not from origin II.

PMID- 6384732
TI  - Genetic studies on the beta subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. VI. A
      redundant region in the beta polypeptide.
AB  - A single species of RNA polymerase is responsible for the transcription of
      genetic material in Escherichia coli; and, each component of this essential
      enzyme is encoded by a single gene. Nevertheless, we report the characterisation
      of a viable deletion mutant lacking about 165 bp in the region coding for
      residues 965 to 1143 of the beta subunit of this enzyme. The foreshortened beta
      polypeptide appears to function as normal, suggesting that this region is, in
      fact, non-essential with regard to the usual functions of E. coli RNA polymerase.

PMID- 6384733
TI  - Effect of dextranase and protease enzymes on aggregation of Streptococcus mutans:
      colorimetric and electron microscopic studies.
AB  - Sucrose-induced aggregation of Streptococcus mutans was ascertained by measuring
      the decrease in optical density of a cell suspension after 20 h incubation. The
      optimum sucrose concentration for the aggregation assay was 5% w/v, at an
      incubation temperature of 37 degrees C. Dextranase and protease enzymes were
      added to the suspensions to determine their effects on aggregation. Dextranase
      treatment decreased aggregation. Electron microscopic studies revealed a
      reduction in the amount of a diffuse coat which surrounded cells in the absence
      of the enzyme but in the presence of sucrose, and a degradative effect on fibrous
      extracellular material. Protease treatment of suspensions produced an increase in
      optical density; cell aggregates were not apparent. Electron microscopic studies
      revealed extensive cell damage and lysis. The success of these enzymes in
      decreasing aggregation would indicate a role in both caries and plaque control in
      vivo.

PMID- 6384734
TI  - Comparative study of the neutral proteinases from fungi and actinomycetes using
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
AB  - Neutral proteinases from mycelial extracts of fungi and actinomycetes may be
      readily detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in which azocasein is
      incorporated into the gels. Most of the proteinases detectable at pH 6.5 were
      sensitive to both phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride and to mercuric chloride. In
      all the species examined, except for one, the proteinase activities in the
      mycelial extracts increased during storage at 19 degrees C.

PMID- 6384735
TI  - Injury and recovery of Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 from treatment with some
      polyhexamethylene biguanides.
AB  - The action of some polyhexamethylene biguanides upon Escherichia coli has been
      investigated. An amine-ended-dimer (n = 2), a polydisperse mixture (n = 5.5) and
      a high molecular weight fraction (n greater than 10) of the compounds were
      employed. The three compounds caused damage and disruption of the cell envelope
      indicated by changes in permeability towards the dye 2-p-toluidinylnaphthylene-6
      sulphonate. This damage was shown to be reversible below certain critical
      concentrations of the biocides. Prolongation of treatment time did not increase
      the extent of non-recoverable injury nor influence those critical concentrations
      of biocide initiating it. Recovery processes were rapid and complete within 1
      min. The inclusion of an inhibitor of respiration, antimycin A, in the recovery
      medium did not reduce the rate of recovery by damaged cells.

PMID- 6384736
TI  - Automatic jet injector for ventilation of children anesthetized by the T-piece
      circuit.

PMID- 6384737
TI  - Vivian Lewis, MD: only a few women can't make an impact.

PMID- 6384738
TI  - Meet the new MSMS president: Louis R. Zako, MD.

PMID- 6384739
TI  - Diarrhea in neonatal piglets caused by K99+ST+ enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.
AB  - Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains were isolated from the feces of 34.4% of
      64 diarrheaic neonatal piglets on seven farms. Of a total of 518 isolates, 86
      (16.6%) were enterotoxigenic and grouped into four phenotypes: K99+ST+ (K99 pilus
      antigen and heat-stable enterotoxin producing, 36 strains), ST+ (37 strains),
      K88+LT+ (K88 pilus antigen and heat-labile enterotoxin producing, 11 strains),
      and K88+ST+ (2 strains). K99+ST+ and ST+ isolates showed multiple drug resistance
      and most of those (58.3% and 56.8%, respectively) belonged to O serogroup 101. A
      K99+ST+ isolate proved to be capable of inducing diarrhea and death in
      hysterectomy-produced colostrum-deprived piglets when orally inoculated.

PMID- 6384740
TI  - Pyrogenicity of yeast mannans in rabbits.
AB  - A few yeast mannans free from protein and phosphorus showed pyrogenic activity in
      rabbits although the extent of this activity was considerably lower than that of
      the bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The pyrogenic activity was not abolished
      by treatment with sodium deoxycholate. This result showed that the mannans
      themselves participated in the pyrogenicity, excluding any possibility of LPS
      contamination in the mannans. Concerning the relationship between chemical
      structure and pyrogenicity of these mannans, it was demonstrated that a mannan
      possessing a highly branched structure exhibited stronger pyrogenicity than that
      of a less branched one.

PMID- 6384741
TI  - Adjuvant activity of Klebsiella O3 lipopolysaccharide: comparative study using
      defined uniform salt forms.
AB  - Previously we showed that Klebsiella O3 lipopolysaccharide (KO3 LPS) is much more
      potent than other kinds of LPS including Escherichia coli O127 LPS (EO127 LPS) in
      adjuvant activity in augmenting antibody response and delayed-type
      hypersensitivity to protein antigens and in the ability to enlarge the regional
      lymph node. Various defined uniform salt forms, the triethylamine, sodium,
      potassium, ammonium, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, and calcium salt forms, of
      KO3 LPS and EO127 LPS were prepared by removing basic materials present in LPS
      preparations by electrodialysis and neutralizing the electrodialyzed LPS
      preparations with various kinds of alkali. The triethylamine salt form showed the
      best solubility and consisted of the smallest granules and, on the other hand,
      the calcium salt form showed the lowest solubility, compared with the natural
      form and the other uniform salt forms. Even if the natural forms of KO3 LPS and
      EO127 LPS were converted to the defined uniform salt forms, adjuvanticity of KO3
      LPS and EO127 LPS in augmenting delayed-type hypersensitivity to ovalbumin and
      the ability to enlarge the regional lymph node did not significantly differ from
      those of the respective natural forms. From these results it is concluded that
      the difference in strength of the adjuvanticity between KO3 LPS and EO127 LPS is
      not due to the difference in their salt forms, solubility or physical state.
      Moreover, there were no significant differences in lethal toxicity for mice by
      the intraperitoneal route among the natural form and all the uniform salt forms
      of KO3 LPS tested.

PMID- 6384742
TI  - Latex agglutination text for O serogrouping of Klebsiella species.

PMID- 6384743
TI  - [Comparative study of proteolytic enzyme preparations of the actinomycete
      Streptomyces spheroides and its mutant].
AB  - Preparations of proteolytic enzymes with high fibrinolytic and thrombolytic
      activities were isolated from the cultural broth filtrates of Streptomyces
      spheroides and its mutant by precipitation with ammonium sulfate, dialysis and
      freeze-drying. The fibrinolytic and thrombolytic activities of the enzymes
      produced by the mutant are 5.6 and 6 times higher, respectively, than those of
      the parent strain. Moreover, the enzymes of the mutant have an elevated stability
      in the alkaline pH region, the optimum of their activities is also shifted to the
      alkaline pH region, they are more resistant to the action of blood plasma
      inhibitors and more sensitive to the action of high temperatures. As was shown
      using isoelectric focusing in a sucrose density gradient, the preparations of
      both the parent and mutant strains contain several proteolytic enzymes (or their
      groups) with acid, neutral and alkaline isoelectric points.

PMID- 6384745
TI  - Toxic oil. A salutary tale from modern history.

PMID- 6384744
TI  - [Alcohol oxidation by Candida guilliermondii yeasts grown on hexadecanol].
AB  - A number of enzyme systems involved in the first steps of hexadecane oxidation
      can be induced by hexadecanol, an intermediate product of hexadecane degradation.
      It has also been found that, in Candida guilliermondii cells and in their
      mitochondrial fraction, an oxidase system is induced when the cells are grown on
      hexadecanol. This system is similar to that in cells grown on hexadecane; it
      oxidises higher alcohols at a high rate and is not inhibited by the inhibitors of
      the man phosphorylating respiration chain. The membrane-bound alcohol
      dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities resistant to pyrazole, an
      inhibitor of cytosol ethanol dehydrogenase, are induced together with the oxidase
      activity when the cells are grown on hexadecanol as well as on hexadecane. The
      oxidation of higher alcohols by whole cells is entirely inhibited by azide
      although their oxidation by mitochondria is resistant to the action of azide;
      apparently, azide inhibits the transport of alcohols into the cell.

PMID- 6384746
TI  - Legionnaires' disease in a renal transplant recipient.
AB  - A case of fatal Legionnaires' disease in an immunosuppressed renal transplant
      recipient is reported. Diagnosis was based on the antemortem culture of
      Legionella pneumophila from sputum and pleural aspirate.

PMID- 6384747
TI  - Treatment of male sperm autoimmunity by in-vitro fertilization with washed
      spermatozoa.
AB  - Pregnancies have been achieved in two couples with prolonged infertility in whom
      no apparent abnormalities were found, except for the presence of seminal plasma
      autospermagglutinins in the male partners. Using a method previously advocated
      for artificial insemination by husband, the semen was collected directly into
      Tyrode's solution and immediately dispersed. After they were washed and
      resuspended in Tyrode's solution, the spermatozoa were used for the in-vitro
      fertilization of the wife's ova collected after induced ovulation. In a condition
      characterized by the difficulty of achieving sperm-ovum contact and interaction,
      this approach allows close monitoring of all stages of this process and appears
      to circumvent any expected difficulties.

PMID- 6384748
TI  - Malaria.

PMID- 6384750
TI  - [Drug-induced lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract].

PMID- 6384749
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of insulin and glucagon injected subcutaneously in the elderly.

PMID- 6384751
TI  - Ceforanide (Precef).

PMID- 6384753
TI  - Sustained-release methylphenidate.

PMID- 6384752
TI  - Tri-Norinyl and Ortho-Novum 7/7/7--two triphasic oral contraceptives.

PMID- 6384754
TI  - Dental effects of nicotine gum.

PMID- 6384755
TI  - [Detection of pyrimethamine resistance in P. falciparum long after
      discontinuation of its use].

PMID- 6384756
TI  - [The Soviet antimalarial preparation dabequine studied for the presence of
      mutagenic activity].

PMID- 6384757
TI  - [Mathematical model of the dynamics of parasitemia in mice infected with P.
      berghei].

PMID- 6384758
TI  - [Successes and problems in controlling filariasis of the lymphatic system in Sri
      Lanka].

PMID- 6384759
TI  - [Experimental study of the interrelations of vertebrates with the tick-borne
      encephalitis virus. 3. Birds].

PMID- 6384760
TI  - [Malaria in southern Asia. 3. Distribution, in India, of malaria due to different
      species of the causative agent].

PMID- 6384761
TI  - [Nutritional typology of dietary lipids].

PMID- 6384762
TI  - Neuropathy associated with transient diabetes mellitus in 2 cats.
AB  - A 9-year-old spayed cat that flinched when touched responded poorly to
      methylprednisolone and phenobarbital. Hyperalbuminemia, hyperproteinemia,
      hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hyperglycemia and glycosuria resolved with insulin
      treatment. The flinching disappeared in 2 weeks and insulin use was unnecessary
      after 6 weeks. A 6-year-old castrated cat with diabetic ketoacidosis and azotemia
      responded to fluid and insulin therapy but developed a head tilt and insulin
      shock 2 weeks later. The cat recovered after 6 days of supportive treatment and
      no longer required insulin after 4 weeks.

PMID- 6384763
TI  - Anticentromere antibodies bind to trout testis histone 1 and a low molecular
      weight protein from rabbit thymus.
AB  - Antibodies directed against centromeric chromatin characteristically occur in the
      sera of patients with the CREST variant of scleroderma. We have studied the in
      situ enzymatic sensitivity and solubility of the centromeric antigen and have
      isolated an antigenic moiety that reacts with anticentromere antibodies. The
      centromeric antigen in the human epithelial cell line, HEp-2, was sensitive to
      DNAase I and micrococcal nuclease but not affected by RNAase A, trypsin or
      amylase. It was insoluble in 0.15-4 M NaCl but was extracted from the HEp-2 cells
      by 4 M urea/2 M NaCl. Antigenic activity in a 4 M urea/2 M NaCl extract of rabbit
      thymus was demonstrated by immunoabsorption. Indirect immunofluorescence of the
      extract separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a fluorescent
      band with a mol. wt of 33,000. Calf thymus and trout testis histone preparations
      were fractionated by gel electrophoresis and transferred by blotting techniques
      to diazobenzyloxymethyl cellulose paper for autoradiography. Anticentromere
      antibodies bound to and were absorbed by trout testis histone 1. We propose that
      the centromeric antigen may be a variant of histone 1 that is associated with
      condensed chromatin.

PMID- 6384764
TI  - [Morphology of metabolic myopathies].
AB  - While muscular lesions in endocrine or metabolic diseases are fairly common
      primary metabolic myopathies are rare. In these, the metabolic fault is in the
      muscle fibre itself, which takes on a vacuolated appearance. In the majority of
      these myopathies there is an abnormality of the glycogen or fat metabolism due to
      the absence of a specific enzyme in most cases. By contrast, the pathogenesis of
      the so called mitochondrial myopathies is not yet well understood.

PMID- 6384765
TI  - [Myopathies in endocrine disorders].
AB  - Disorders of the thyroid gland, the parathyroids and adrenals may cause muscle
      dysfunction. The following features seem to be typical for most of these
      endocrine myopathies: 1. Usually proximal limb muscles, i.e. pelvic and/or
      shoulder girdle musculatur, are involved. - 2. Even in cases with severe clinical
      symptoms morphological abnormalities of the muscles are relatively mild,
      suggesting that these disorders are mainly functional ones. - 3. The myopathies
      usually resolve completely with effective treatment of the underlying endocrine
      disorder. - The pathogenetic mechanisms involved largely remain uncertain.
      Objective myopathy may be one of the early and dominant features of disorders of
      the thyroid gland, the parathyroids and adrenals. These endocrine abnormalities
      have therefore to be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of muscle
      disorders in childhood.

PMID- 6384766
TI  - [Results and specific problems in unrestricted indications for kidney
      transplantation in children].
AB  - In Hamburg 22 children had 33 renal transplantations in the time from 1976 till
      1982. 58% of all children in this area with end-stage renal disease have now a
      functioning graft compared to only 11% of the adult patients. This is the result
      of preferred transplantation in children whenever possible. Retransplantation was
      more frequent in children (32%) than in adults (19%). 5 years function rate of
      renal allografts is significantly worse in children than in adults. Growth and
      degree of rehabilitation are described in 12 pediatric renal allograft recipients
      who survived with a functioning graft for at least 3 years. Good rehabilitation
      as indicated by attendance of school and employment was reached in 83% of these
      patients. Different growth patterns occurred. Clinical factors associated with
      growth performance include graft function and age at the time of transplantation.

PMID- 6384767
TI  - [Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung of mixed histological
      type].

PMID- 6384768
TI  - [A modified sucrose-dependent adherence assay method for Streptococcus mutans
      cells].

PMID- 6384769
TI  - The direct mutagenic activity of alpha, omega-dihalogenoalkanes in Salmonella
      typhimurium. Strong correlation between chemical properties and mutagenic
      activity.
AB  - A series of 18 alpha, omega-dihalogenoalkanes (kappa(CH2)n kappa with n = 1-6 and
      kappa = Cl, Br, I) was tested for direct mutagenic activity in Salmonella strains
      TA1530, TA1535 and TA100 using spot-test procedures. The results indicate that
      the mutagenic behaviour of these compounds is strongly dependent upon the carbon
      chain length as well as the type of halogen involved. This behaviour correlates
      with the leaving group ability and the degree of neighbouring group participation
      in nucleophilic displacement reactions of the different halogen atoms.

PMID- 6384770
TI  - Induction of aneuploidy by oncodazole (nocodazole), an anti-tubulin agent, and
      acetone.
AB  - Oncodazole (nocodazole) is a compound which interacts with yeast and bovine
      tubulin. We have shown that it induces aneuploidy in the yeast Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae at very low concentrations. In the course of a search for an
      appropriate solvent for oncodazole we observed that acetone also induces mitotic
      aneuploidy in yeast. This effect of acetone was greatly enhanced when the
      treatment of growing cells at 28 degrees C was interrupted by a period of holding
      at ice-bath temperature.

PMID- 6384771
TI  - Genetic and biochemical investigation on chloral hydrate in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - Chloral hydrate (CH), a metabolite of trichloroethylene (TCE), was studied in
      vitro using the D7 diploid strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with and without a
      mammalian microsomal activation system (S9 fraction), and in vivo by
      intrasanguineous host-mediated assay (HMA). The in vivo effects on the hepatic
      microsomal monooxygenase induced by CH in mice pretreated with beta
      naphthoflavone (beta-NF) and Naphenobarbital (PB) were also investigated. Chloral
      hydrate induced a significant increase of mitotic gene conversion in D7 strain
      both in vivo and in vitro. The enzymatic determinations in mice showed a decrease
      in aminopyrine N-demethylase (APD) and p-nitroanisole O-demethylase (p-NAD)
      activities (about 37% and 29% respectively) after one acute dose of CH. Moreover,
      stability experiments, carried out in the conditions of the liver microsomal
      assay (LMA), showed an increase of residual activity, after 1 h of preincubation
      with respect to the control (about 22% and 9% for APD and p-NAD respectively).

PMID- 6384772
TI  - Hydrogen peroxide-dependent activation of benzidine to mutagenic species.

PMID- 6384773
TI  - Use of aspergillus fumigatus culture filtrate fractions in ELISA for the
      serological diagnosis of allergic aspergillosis.

PMID- 6384774
TI  - Hydrophobic interactions in Plasmodium falciparum invasion into human
      erythrocytes.
AB  - Human glycophorins block in vitro invasion of Plasmodium falciparum merozoites
      into human erythrocytes. A segment of glycophorin A which appears to be involved
      in the inhibition, is at, or adjacent to, the membrane-spanning domain of the
      molecule. To study the role of hydrophobic interactions in the inhibition, a
      series of proteins were derivatized with lipophilic side groups, and tested for
      inhibitory activity. Glycophorin A became five times more inhibitory after
      derivatization with nitrobenzylfurazan groups. Bovine serum albumin was
      derivatized to different degrees with nitrobenzylfurazan, dinitrobenzyl,
      trinitrobenzyl, dansyl, disulfonic stilbene, and fluorescein groups. The presence
      of hydrophobic side groups on the protein rendered it highly inhibitory to
      invasion, whereas the presence of hydrophilic substitutes such as disulfonic
      stilbenes did not. Other soluble proteins such as human serum albumin,
      transferrin, ovalbumin, fetuin and casein derivatized with dinitrobenzyl groups,
      were also found to block invasion. Inhibition was not a result of toxic effects
      of the protein derivatives on parasite metabolism or development. A minimum of
      ten hydrophobic side groups per bovine serum albumin was required in order to
      elicit appreciable inhibition. The invasion blocking activity was highly
      correlated with the rate and affinity of binding of the derivatized
      macromolecules to heptyl-Sepharose. The latter provided a quantitative measure
      for the capacity of amphiphiles to undergo hydrophobic interactions with
      insoluble matrices. The results of the present study indicate that hydrophobic
      interactions may be an essential component in the invasion of P. falciparum
      merozoites into human erythrocytes.

PMID- 6384775
TI  - The biosynthesis of the knob protein and a 65 000 dalton histidine-rich
      polypeptide of Plasmodium falciparum.
AB  - Previous studies have shown the association of an 80 kDa polypeptide (KP) with
      the knobs which develop on the membranes of erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium
      falciparum. KP was also found to share antigenic determinants with the histidine
      rich protein of Plasmodium lophurae. In this study, ring stages of knobby (K+)
      and knobless (K-) variants of P. falciparum were used in pulse-chase experiments
      to elucidate the temporal sequence of the biosynthesis of KP. Analysis of
      radiolabeled parasite-polypeptides on SDS-polyacrylamide gels indicated that
      pulse-labeled KP has the electrophoretic mobility of a 75 kDa polypeptide and is
      subsequently chased to an apparently 80-85 kDa form. In addition to KP,
      antibodies raised against HRP immunoprecipitated a 65 kDa histidine-rich
      polypeptide from K- as well as K+ parasites. Differential incorporation of
      selected amino acids into KP and the 65 kDa polypeptide revealed some distinct
      differences between these two polypeptides as well as from HRP.

PMID- 6384776
TI  - Evidence for major differences in ribosomal subunit proteins from Plasmodium
      berghei and rat liver.
AB  - Purified polysomes were isolated in high yield from the erythrocytic stages of
      the rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium berghei, and from rat liver. Proteins
      extracted from the ribosomal subunits derived from these polysomes were
      fractionated and their number and molecular weights were estimated by two
      dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Plasmodial small ribosomal
      subunits contained 30 proteins ranging in apparent molecular size from 11.7 to
      40.7 kDa, while large subunits contained 35-36 proteins ranging from 12.1 to 42.6
      kDa. None of these parasite proteins was shared by the two subunits nor altered
      in electrophoretic mobility by radioiodination. Rat liver 40 S ribosomal subunit
      proteins numbered 30 and ranged from 9.2 to 37.5 kDa, while liver 60 S subunits
      contained 41-43 proteins with apparent molecular sizes of 10.3-45.2 kDa.
      Coelectrophoresis of trace amounts of radioiodinated P. berghei ribosomal subunit
      proteins and stainable quantities of liver proteins demonstrated that most of
      these 139 parasite and host ribosomal proteins possessed different two
      dimensional electrophoretic mobilities under the conditions of this study. Based
      upon a comparative analysis of P. berghei and rodent ribosomal RNA and these
      data, it was concluded that parasite and host ribosomes contain distinct
      ribosomal RNAs and ribosomal proteins.

PMID- 6384777
TI  - Time-course of synthesis, transport and incorporation of a protein identified in
      purified membranes of host erythrocytes infected with a knob-forming strain of
      Plasmodium falciparum.
AB  - Membranes from host erythrocytes infected with a knob-positive strain of
      Plasmodium falciparum were purified by free-flow electrophoresis or gradient
      centrifugation. In these membranes the main parasite-derived protein was a 92000
      Da protein which was not present after infection of erythrocytes with the
      corresponding knob-negative strain. The protein is synthesized between 9-21 h
      after merozoite invasion and then synthesis ceases. At least 6 h elapses between
      the start of synthesis and the appearance of the protein in the erythrocyte
      membrane. No precursor proteins for the 92000 Da protein were found. Since the
      purified erythrocyte membranes were free from contamination with whole parasites
      or parasite membranes, the 92000 Da protein is clearly present in the host
      erythrocyte membrane.

PMID- 6384778
TI  - Sinus arrest during REM sleep in young adults.
AB  - Four apparently healthy young adults with vague chest symptoms during the day,
      two of whom had infrequent syncope while ambulatory at night, had periods of
      asystole up to nine seconds in duration occurring repeatedly during rapid-eye
      movement (REM) sleep. Extensive evaluations, including electrophysiologic studies
      in two patients, were normal. It is therefore suggested that the underlying
      pathophysiology involved autonomic dysfunction. REM sleep-related sinus arrests
      such as these, which may occur in apparently healthy subjects but are undetected,
      may explain some cases of sudden, unexpected death during sleep. Polygraphic
      monitoring during sleep may be helpful in delineating the pathophysiology of the
      sleep-related arrhythmia in persons with daytime cardiac arrhythmias thought to
      be secondary to abnormal vagal tone. The possibility of nocturnal asystole should
      be considered in patients such as those described here.

PMID- 6384779
TI  - Immunologic and genetic factors in autoimmune diseases.

PMID- 6384780
TI  - Cardiac arrest during sleep.

PMID- 6384781
TI  - Extremely-low-dose aspirin (1 mg per day) renders human platelets more sensitive
      to antiaggregation prostaglandins.

PMID- 6384782
TI  - Pulmonary epithelial permeability in hyaline-membrane disease.
AB  - Neonatal hyaline-membrane disease is complicated by pulmonary edema, yet left
      atrial pressures are normal. Alveolar-capillary-membrane permeability may
      therefore be increased. To assess pulmonary epithelial permeability, we measured
      the pulmonary clearance and half-life of aerosolized 99mTc-diethylenetriamine
      pentacetate (99mTc-DTPA) on 31 occasions in 15 intubated premature infants with
      hyaline-membrane disease. Three infants with respiratory failure due to other
      diseases were studied on four occasions. All studies of infants with hyaline
      membrane disease that were performed in the first 72 hours of life demonstrated a
      biphasic clearance curve with a rapid-phase half-life of 1.6 +/- 0.6 minutes
      (mean +/- S.D.). As these infants recovered, the curve became monophasic with a
      half-life of 56.0 +/- 32.1 minutes. Two infants remained dependent on oxygen and
      ventilator support and had persistent biphasic curves with a rapid-phase half
      life of 1.5 +/- 0.7 minutes. All infants without hyaline-membrane disease had
      monophasic curves with a half-life of 65.4 +/- 33.6 minutes. Using a similar
      technique, we observed that newborn lambs and piglets have a monophasic pulmonary
      clearance of 99mTc-DTPA (114 +/- 59 minutes in lambs and 52.5 +/- 16.3 minutes in
      piglets). We conclude that the lungs of neonates with hyaline-membrane disease
      are abnormally permeable to small solutes and that this abnormality persists in
      infants with subsequent chronic lung disease.

PMID- 6384783
TI  - Molecular defects in interactions of platelets with the vessel wall.
AB  - The objectives of this review have been to summarize the recent research on
      inherited defects involving abnormal platelet function and to illustrate how
      studies of hemorrhagic syndromes have led to an increased understanding of the
      molecular events involved in platelet adhesion and aggregation. Emphasis has been
      placed on the two primary hemostatic reactions: the interaction of platelets with
      von Willebrand factor to promote adhesion to the subendothelium, and the
      interaction of platelets with fibrinogen to promote platelet aggregation. Even as
      these events are more clearly defined, new concepts of molecular structure,
      function, and heterogeneity are emerging, and the variety of recognized genetic
      defects is becoming more complex.

PMID- 6384784
TI  - Partial immune reconstitution in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome.

PMID- 6384785
TI  - The effects of high-dose corticosteroids in patients with septic shock. A
      prospective, controlled study.
AB  - To determine whether corticosteroids are efficacious in severe septic shock, we
      conducted a prospective study of 59 patients randomly assigned to a
      methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, or control group. Patients were treated 17.5
      +/- 5.4 hours (mean +/- S.E.M.) after the onset of shock, and 55 patients
      required vasopressor agents. Early in the hospital course, reversal of shock was
      more likely in patients who received corticosteroids than in those who did not.
      Four (19 per cent) of 21 methylprednisolone-treated, 7 (32 per cent) of 22
      dexamethasone-treated, and none of 16 control patients had reversal of shock 24
      hours after drug administration (corticosteroid groups vs. control group, P less
      than 0.05). Patients treated with corticosteroids within four hours after the
      onset of shock had a higher incidence of shock reversal (P less than 0.05). At
      133 hours after drug administration, 17 (40 per cent) of 43 corticosteroid
      treated patients had died, and 11 (69 per cent) of 16 control patients had died
      (P less than 0.05). However, these differences in reversal of shock and survival
      disappeared later in the course. Overall, 16 (76 per cent) of 21 patients
      receiving methylprednisolone, 17 (77 per cent) of 22 patients receiving
      dexamethasone, and 11 (69 per cent) of 16 controls in the hospital died. We
      conclude that corticosteroids do not improve the overall survival of patients
      with severe, late septic shock but may be helpful early in the course and in
      certain subgroups of patients.

PMID- 6384786
TI  - Isohemagglutinins of graft origin after ABO-unmatched liver transplantation.

PMID- 6384787
TI  - Liver transplantation.

PMID- 6384788
TI  - Transferring the terminally ill.

PMID- 6384789
TI  - The Medicare debate--round one.

PMID- 6384790
TI  - Do we need gene therapy?

PMID- 6384791
TI  - On the track of viruses.

PMID- 6384792
TI  - Badgers at bay.

PMID- 6384793
TI  - Malaria: blood-stage antigens cloned.

PMID- 6384794
TI  - Autocrine control of growth?

PMID- 6384795
TI  - Abrogation of resistance to bone marrow transplantation by induction of specific
      tolerance in natural killer cells?
AB  - Hybrid resistance describes the capacity of first generation (F1) hybrids between
      certain mouse strains to inhibit the growth of tumour or haematopoietic cells of
      parental origin. The cells that appear to mediate this phenomenon differ from
      classical T and B lymphocytes in several respects. For example, they are
      unusually radioresistant, show no immunological memory, are present in
      thymectomized or congenitally athymic mice, are not functional until about 3
      weeks after birth. These characteristics suggest that the effectors are natural
      killer (NK) cells. Although most of the evidence implicating NK cells in hybrid
      resistance is circumstantial, the experiments of Warner and Dennert are more
      direct in that they show that resistance can be restored to mice with a
      congenital or induced defect in NK activity by the infusion of cells belonging to
      an NK clone. Conversely, treatment of mice with an antibody to NK cells abrogated
      hybrid resistance to parental bone marrow grafts. Both NK cells and the effectors
      of hybrid resistance are generally considered to be nonspecific. We have now
      investigated this assumption by attempting to prevent hybrid resistance by
      neonatal tolerance induction with parental strain antigens. Our data indicate
      that hybrid resistance can be abrogated by this means and that the tolerance is
      specific and transferable with Thy-1+ spleen cells.

PMID- 6384797
TI  - Goosey patients: relationship to jumping Frenchmen, Myriachit, Latah and tic
      convulsif.

PMID- 6384798
TI  - Product development and marketing in continuing education.

PMID- 6384796
TI  - Effects of exogenous prostaglandins on the release of leukotriene C4-like
      immunoreactivity and on coronary flow in indomethacin-treated anaphylactic guinea
      pig hearts.
AB  - It is known that both vasoconstrictor cyclooxygenase products and sulfidopeptide
      containing leukotrienes (LT) contribute to the biphasic coronary constriction
      observed in isolated perfused anaphylactic guinea-pig hearts. We have now
      investigated the effects of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin and of
      several exogenous prostaglandins (PG) on the release of LTC4-like
      immunoreactivity and on various symptoms of cardiac anaphylaxis. Indomethacin
      decreased basal coronary flow and delayed the onset of coronary vasoconstriction
      after antigenic challenge. Furthermore, indomethacin inhibited cardiac release of
      6-keto-PGF1 alpha and thromboxane (TX) B2 and simultaneously enhanced the antigen
      induced release of LTC4-like immunoreactivity significantly. Neither the
      vasodilators PGE2 and PGI2 nor the vasoconstrictors PGF2 alpha, PGD2 and 11,9
      epoxymethano-PGH2, a compound with biological properties similar to TXA2,
      affected the anaphylactic release of immunoreactive LTC4 in the presence of
      indomethacin. These results suggest that the indomethacin-induced increase in LT
      release is not due to inhibition of synthesis of a cyclooxygenase product, which
      normally curbs anaphylactic release of immunoreactive LTC4. The indomethacin
      effect may rather be explained by diversion of arachidonic acid metabolism away
      from fatty acid cyclooxygenase towards the synthesis of lipoxygenase products.
      Although the various PG did not significantly affect cardiac release of LTC4-like
      immunoreactivity, they antagonized the anaphylactic coronary constriction. This
      antagonism may be due to direct effects of the PG on vascular smooth muscle tone
      as well as to indirect effects on the release of anaphylactic mediators not
      related to LT like histamine and platelet-activating factor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6384799
TI  - [Surgical treatment of decubitus].

PMID- 6384800
TI  - [A patient with a complicated course of shigellosis].

PMID- 6384801
TI  - [Salmonella empyema].

PMID- 6384802
TI  - [Willem Vrolik as a teratologist].

PMID- 6384803
TI  - [Scarlet fever, a not always innocent childhood disease].

PMID- 6384804
TI  - [A patient with cicatricial parapemphigus of the larynx and hypopharynx].

PMID- 6384806
TI  - Holistic approach to cancer nursing. Report of RCN Oncology Nursing Society and
      AGM.

PMID- 6384805
TI  - [Pregnancy diabetes: diagnosis and treatment].

PMID- 6384807
TI  - [The resin-bonded bridge in the Netherlands in 1982: an inventory from dental
      laboratories].

PMID- 6384809
TI  - [Mental state of patients with multiple sclerosis].

PMID- 6384808
TI  - [Proteolytic enzymes and the inhibition of their activity in multiple sclerosis].

PMID- 6384810
TI  - Ultrasound-guided periventricular stereotaxis.
AB  - Intraoperative ultrasound can aid the biopsy of deep intracranial lesions. It is,
      perhaps, less clear whether ultrasound could be useful in functional
      neurosurgery, where the target is not abnormal in echogenicity. As an example, we
      chose to investigate in a dog model the periventricular gray target, which is
      frequently the choice for the placement of electrodes to control intractable
      pain. Autopsies showed the placement of our electrodes with less than 1 mm of
      error in four of five brains and a 1.5-mm error in the fifth brain. The largest
      error was seen to occur on the video screen and was due to our failure to tighten
      the guide properly. The potential advantages of this technique over conventional
      stereotaxis include the avoidance of: ventricular catheterization, the injection
      of contrast agent into the ventricles, the necessity for a stereotactic frame,
      and multiple x-ray exposures. Also, with real time scanning the surgeon has
      instant visual confirmation of electrode placement and can observe quickly any
      significant hematoma formation.

PMID- 6384811
TI  - Nocardial osteomyelitis of the spine with epidural spinal cord compression--a
      case report.
AB  - A 53-year-old man presented with complaints of back pain and weakness in his
      lower extremities. Physical examination demonstrated a thoracic myelopathy with a
      sensory level at T-4. The diagnostic work-up revealed vertebral osteomyelitis of
      the thoracic spine with epidural compression at T-2-T-4 causing a nearly complete
      block on myelography. A decompressive laminectomy and debridement were performed,
      followed by anterior spinal fusion. Nocardia asteroides was cultured from the
      epidural space. The patient was concurrently treated with sulfonamides. No
      underlying malignancy or immunosuppression could be demonstrated, but a primary
      pulmonary nocardial infection was suspected. A satisfactory recovery was
      accomplished. Only four other cases of nocardial osteomyelitis of the spine have
      been reported in the literature. These are discussed, and possible mechanisms are
      proposed for the pathophysiology of this rare manifestation. Current
      recommendations on the specimen processing, diagnosis, and therapy of nocardial
      infections are briefly reviewed.

PMID- 6384813
TI  - History of the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies.

PMID- 6384812
TI  - Posttraumatic hydrocephalus.
AB  - Posttraumatic hydrocephalus is a treatable complication of head injury and can
      present with several different clinical syndromes. These include obtundation;
      simple failure to improve; a tetrad of psychomotor retardation, memory loss, gait
      trouble, and incontinence; and unusual symptoms including emotional disorder.
      Posttraumatic hydrocephalus seems to result from a blockage of cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF) flow around the cerebral convexities. When the lumbar CSF pressure is
      consistently above 180 mm H2O, the hydrocephalus should be treated unless a
      contraindication to operation exists. Underlying brain injury from the trauma
      itself, however, may prevent recovery. When the typical symptoms of normal
      pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) are present, a shunt is also indicated. Decision
      making is difficult when the patient has normal pressure, but is too injured to
      display the symptoms of NPH or has atypical symptoms. Overnight pressure
      recording, lumboventricular infusion testing, or cisternography may clarify
      whether a shunt is needed in this situation, but there is still considerable
      uncertainty about shunt prediction in this setting.

PMID- 6384814
TI  - Computed tomography plane of the target approach in computed tomographic
      stereotaxis.
AB  - A computed tomographic (CT) stereotactic system that uses the principle of
      bringing the reference markers and the probe holder into the CT plane of the
      target is described. This eliminates the need for obtaining the Z coordinate and
      enables one to measure directly the X and Y coordinates. The use of an arc and of
      a rotary arc carrier permits one to approach the target from any point on the
      skull. Off-axial reconstruction permits visualization of the trajectory in both
      the coronal and the sagittal planes.

PMID- 6384815
TI  - Comparison of the antidepressant action of tryptophan, tryptophan/5
      hydroxytryptophan combination and nomifensine.
AB  - To check the hypothesis that combined treatment with tryptophan and 5
      hydroxytryptophan is superior to the administration of tryptophan on its own we
      studied three groups of 8 patients. One group received tryptophan, the second a
      tryptophan/5-hydroxytryptophan combination and the third low-dose nomifensine as
      a control. The trial was performed in the double-blind mode, under strictly
      standardized conditions, with behavioural therapy and a structured daily routine.
      Complex covariance analysis of the Hamilton and AMP ratings revealed a
      superiority of the combination both over tryptophan on its own and over
      nomifensine.

PMID- 6384816
TI  - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive neurons in rat visual cortex.
AB  - An antibody to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was used to examine the
      forms of VIP-positive neurons and the synapses made by VIP-positive axon
      terminals. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-positive cells are most common in
      layers II and III and the majority of them are typical bipolar neurons, with two
      primary dendrites which emanate from the upper and lower poles of the cell body.
      Their somata, which have only a few symmetric and asymmetric synapses, generally
      have a fusiform or "tear-drop" shape and contain nuclei with a vertically
      oriented cleft. The dendritic trees are arranged vertically and often extend
      through five cortical layers. The axons are thin and extend either from the soma
      or from one of the primary dendrites. The axons also follow a vertical
      trajectory. Other VIP-positive neurons are modified bipolar cells and a few of
      them are multipolar cells. The synapses formed by the VIP-positive axon terminals
      in the neuropil are symmetric in form, and although the synaptic clefts are
      narrow, the junctions are usually long and continuous, rather like those
      described for asymmetric synapses. Most of the VIP-positive axon terminals
      synpase with small dendritic shafts, but a few synapse with neuronal cell bodies.
      Since the majority of the VIP-positive neurons are bipolar cells it is concluded
      that these are the source of most of the VIP-positive axon terminals. If this is
      so, then the VIP-positive bipolar cells form symmetric synapses. This is in
      contrast to the observations of Peters and Kimerer (1981. J. Neurocytol. 10, 921
      946) for the bipolar cells they examined in a Golgi-electron microscopic study
      had axon terminals forming asymmetric synapses. It is suggested that this
      disparity can be reconciled if it is assumed that the bipolar cell population
      consists of subgroups which have different biochemical characteristics and
      different synaptic relationships.

PMID- 6384817
TI  - Systemic alpha-interferon therapy of multiple sclerosis.
AB  - A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study tested the
      efficacy of natural alpha interferon in altering exacerbating-remitting MS.
      Twenty-four patients with frequent exacerbations were treated for 6-month
      periods, beginning with either 5 X 10(6) IU of interferon daily or placebo. A 6
      month washout period followed each treatment. Exacerbation rates were reduced
      during interferon and placebo phases compared with pre-study rates; a greater
      reduction occurred on interferon, particularly following placebo, possibly
      reflecting a learning phenomenon. Fifteen patients with a strictly exacerbating
      remitting course had fewer and milder exacerbations on interferon compared with
      those on placebo, whereas 9 patients with a progressive component continued to
      have active disease. These results suggest that interferon might reduce
      exacerbations in certain patients and indicate guidelines for future trials of
      interferon in MS.

PMID- 6384818
TI  - A medical perspective.

PMID- 6384819
TI  - Immunomorphology of Wilsonian and hepatic gliopathy in vitro.

PMID- 6384820
TI  - [Critical evaluation of the simple suture in the treatment of perforated duodenal
      ulcer. Case contribution].

PMID- 6384821
TI  - [Gastric precancerous states].

PMID- 6384822
TI  - [Snake bite disease. Review of the literature].
AB  - The aetiology, the epidemiology and the pathogenesis of poisoning by viper bites
      in Italy are outlined. The symptomatology and therapy are also described, and it
      is noted that antivenom must be reserved for some selected cases.

PMID- 6384823
TI  - [Lateralization phenomena and headache].
AB  - Ipsilateral carotid and vertebral vasomotor phenomena are marked components of a
      unilateral cluster headache crisis. Investigation of lateralisation at the height
      of a crisis has shown that Doppler findings supplement Heick's observation of the
      reversible opening of both intra and extracranial arteriovenous shunts. This
      observation is in line with personal thermographic evidence and that of Lance
      indicating local hypothermia, and with Wolff's demonstration of dilatation and
      congestion associated with the superficial temporal artery. Personal
      dynamographic findings now point to a local extra-intracranial artery pressure
      gradient as the cause of the peripheral component of lateralisation in cluster
      headache.

PMID- 6384824
TI  - [Insulin, peptide C and glucide tolerance in chronic alcoholic hepatopathies].
AB  - Changes in blood glucose and insulin metabolism, both under basal conditions and
      after glucose and glucagon stimulus, were studied in 95 patients with chronic
      alcoholic hepatopathy. Peptide C was also determined in 19 patients. A high
      incidence of islet-cell insufficiency was noted. Stress is laid on the
      multiplicity of the pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for blood glucose and
      insulin changes during chronic alcoholic hepatopathy, particularly liver cell
      damage, hyperglucagonaemia, organic and/or functional islet-cell insufficiency,
      and peripheral insulin resistance. It is felt that the last two of these are of
      major importance, whereas liver cell damage is of secondary significance, at any
      rate as far as glucose and insulin turnover is concerned.

PMID- 6384825
TI  - [Evaluation of the use of several instrumental methods in the follow-up of
      colorectal cancer. Preliminary results].

PMID- 6384826
TI  - [Screening of swellings of the neck by real-time echography].

PMID- 6384827
TI  - [A computerized program in gastroenterology].

PMID- 6384828
TI  - [Strain gauges for measuring the tension at the site of sutures. Use of the
      original instrument with a personal technic].
AB  - The Authors have developed an instrumentation suitable for suture line tension
      measuring during plastic operations for large incisional hernias. A full
      description is given of the measuring technique and of the original
      instrumentation, including two steel bars called "fachiri" and an electric
      measuring system with strain gauges. With the employment of this technique,
      relaxing incisions of the muscle aponeurosis can be reduced to the minimum. Being
      the suture line tension one of the most important causes of relapsing, the
      Authors believe that this technique provides a sure advantage for the long term
      results of plastic operations.

PMID- 6384829
TI  - [The single-strand suture in the closure of laparotomy incisions].

PMID- 6384830
TI  - Ultrastructural demonstration of serotonin-immunoreactivity in the nervous system
      of an insect (Calliphora erythrocephala).
AB  - Serotonin (5-HT) immunocytochemistry, was performed on the whole dissected
      nervous system of the blowfly. Employing the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique
      and osmium postfixation, it was possible to examine 5-HT-immunoreactive neuronal
      elements first light microscopically in 25 microns sections, and, after re
      embedding, to analyze the same sections electron microscopically in ultrathin
      sections. We describe the ultrastructure of 5-HT-positive terminals in the neural
      sheath of peripheral nerves and in the optic lobes. The immunoreactivity was
      observed in large (100 nm) granular vesicles, on membranes of clear vesicles,
      along neurotubules, and along the internal surface of the plasmalemma.

PMID- 6384831
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of putative cholinergic neurons in the goldfish
      retina.
AB  - The presence of putative cholinergic neurons in goldfish retina was demonstrated
      by immunocytochemical localization of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the
      synthesizing enzyme for acetylcholine. Four populations of ChAT-immunoreactive
      neurons were localized: two with cell bodies in the inner nuclear layer and two
      with cell bodies in the ganglion cell layer. The processes of these neurons
      ramified in lamina 2 and/or 4 (of 5) in the inner plexiform layer. These cell
      populations are comparable to populations of putative cholinergic neurons that
      have been identified by [3H]choline uptake [3, 10].

PMID- 6384832
TI  - Differential sensitivity of rat cerebellar cells in vitro to the neurotoxic
      effects of excitatory amino acid analogues.
AB  - The neurotoxic effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate, quisqualate and kainate were
      studied in slice preparations of adult rat cerebellum. Only the inhibitory
      interneurones (basket, stellate and Golgi cells) were affected by N-methyl-D
      aspartate in concentrations up to 300 microM. Quisqualate (10-100 microM)
      affected both Purkinje cells and inhibitory interneurones but spared granule
      cells. Kainate affected Purkinje cells and inhibitory interneurones at a
      concentration of 10 microM but at 30 microM also damaged granule cells. The
      relative potencies of these compounds and the vulnerability of the different cell
      types to their neurotoxic effects are in accordance with the predictions of the
      excitotoxic hypothesis and therefore do not support a special mechanism for
      kainate neurotoxicity in the cerebellum.

PMID- 6384833
TI  - Diploma programs in nursing accredited by the NLN 1984-85.

PMID- 6384834
TI  - Equalized versus ad libitum feeding.

PMID- 6384835
TI  - Trans fatty acids in foods.

PMID- 6384836
TI  - Nutrition Classics. The Journal of Experimental Zoology, Volume 45, 1926:
      Testicular degeneration in albino rats fed a purified food ration. By Karl E.
      Mason.

PMID- 6384837
TI  - Vitamin K hydroperoxide: an intermediate in gamma-glutamate carboxylation?

PMID- 6384838
TI  - Orotic aciduria and species specificity.

PMID- 6384839
TI  - Metabolism of riboflavin in rat and man.

PMID- 6384840
TI  - The enigma of copper sulfate in animal nutrition.

PMID- 6384841
TI  - Clear the exercise hurdles for your diabetic patient.

PMID- 6384842
TI  - Post-partum streptococcal meningitis and septicaemia.

PMID- 6384843
TI  - Urinary estriols in diabetic pregnancy: a reappraisal.
AB  - The clinical usefulness of serial urinary estriols was tested in 138 insulin
      dependent diabetic pregnant women. No action was taken on an estriol drop if
      fetal well-being was demonstrated by a reactive nonstress test and/or negative
      contraction stress test within 24 hours. Of 3085 estriol values, a greater than
      or equal to 40% estriol drop, confirmed by a greater than or equal to 40%
      decrease in the estriol-creatine ratio, was observed in 21 tests. In only two of
      these tests, was fetal distress indicated by a nonstress test or contraction
      stress test. A significant linear correlation was demonstrated between the mean
      level of estriol excretion and birth weight, placental weight, and fetal
      abdominal circumference measured by ultrasound. Chronically low estriol excretion
      (less than 12 mg per 24 hours at greater than 36 weeks' gestation) related to
      smaller placentas but not to fetal jeopardy.

PMID- 6384844
TI  - Cervical ripening and labor induction with intracervical triacetin base
      prostaglandin E2 gel: a placebo-controlled study.
AB  - A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was undertaken to evaluate
      the efficacy of a single-dose, shelf-stable preparation of prostaglandin E2 gel
      (PGE2) when used intracervically in patients with low Bishop scores. Two
      different preparations (0.5 and 0.25 mg) of PGE2 were used and a total of 45
      patients were studied. Both preparations of PGE2 demonstrated a statistically
      significant increase in the spontaneous labor rate as compared with the placebo
      gel. Bishop scores were altered in all patients not proceeding to labor
      spontaneously, but the changes were most significant in the low- and high-dose
      groups. No significant deleterious affects were noted. The efficacy and safety of
      this new, sterile, and stable preparation makes it suitable for clinical use.

PMID- 6384845
TI  - Structural and functional evidence for the denervation of human myometrium during
      pregnancy.
AB  - The neuronal influence of the contractility of the term-pregnant human uterus was
      studied by pharmacologic and histochemical methods. By the use of adrenergic and
      cholinergic antagonists or tetrodotoxin it was demonstrated that the contractile
      response of superfused myometrial strips from the term-pregnant uterus to
      electrofield stimulation was not influenced by any neuronal factor. Using an
      indirect immunofluorescence technique with an antiserum to the glial and Schwann
      cell specific S-100 protein, a marked paucity of nerve fibers was demonstrated in
      myometrial strips from the term-pregnant uterus as compared with the nonpregnant
      uterus. It is concluded that the described decrease of nerve fibers within the
      myometrium of the pregnant uterus may be of importance for the myometrial
      activity during pregnancy and parturition.

PMID- 6384846
TI  - Obstetric factors in the causation of early periventricular--intraventricular
      hemorrhage.
AB  - On routine fontanelle scanning of neonates weighing less than or equal to 2000 g
      within the first 24 hours of life, 21% had abnormal findings related to
      peri/intraventricular hemorrhage. These findings occurred almost exclusively in
      patients who were in labor, with one exception, and were not observed without
      labor. Once labor ensued, the performance of cesarean section did not prevent
      periventricular and intraventricular hemorrhage. Other obstetric factors
      including fetal heart rate monitoring and umbilical artery pH values were not
      related to early periventricular and intraventricular hemorrhage. The practical
      significance of these findings is discussed.

PMID- 6384847
TI  - Factors affecting the clinical performance of Nova T and Copper T 200.
AB  - In a randomized comparative use-effectiveness study of the copper-releasing
      intrauterine devices (IUDs), Nova T and Copper T 200, an analysis was made of the
      differences in women between the participating countries and of the influence of
      various factors on pregnancy rate and rates of terminations. In a cohort of 1865
      women the five-year gross cumulative pregnancy rates were 3.4 per 100 women for
      Nova T and 8.7 per 100 women for Copper T 200. The rate of unwanted pregnancy was
      significantly related to the type of IUD, the country, and the age of the women.
      Prognostic factors for expulsion or removal of the device were age, country,
      parity, previous use of IUD, previous vaginal delivery, and previous abortion.
      The differences among the results for the participating countries may reflect the
      effects of different policies in clinics.

PMID- 6384848
TI  - Three-day treatment with butoconazole nitrate for vulvovaginal candidiasis.
AB  - A multicenter clinical trial of 274 patients compared the efficacy and safety of
      a new vaginal antifungal compound, butoconazole nitrate cream 2% (butoconazole),
      to clotrimazole vaginal tablets 200 mg/day (clotrimazole). Both drugs were
      administered for three days. The patients were randomly assigned to one or the
      other treatment regimen. Eight days after treatment completion, Candida albicans
      was absent in vaginal cultures of 95% of patients receiving butoconazole and of
      91% of patients receiving clotrimazole; 30 days after treatment completion, 80%
      of patients receiving butoconazole were free of the fungal infection; the
      corresponding number for clotrimazole was 74%. Complete absence of the entrance
      signs and symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis was noted in 82% of patients
      receiving butoconazole and 72% of patients receiving clotrimazole. The
      phamacokinetic parameters were studied in three women volunteers who received one
      dose of radiolabeled butoconazole nitrate vaginal cream 2%. Measurable levels of
      radioactivity were not detected until two to eight hours after vaginal
      administration of the compound. Maximum plasma levels of radioactivity were
      achieved 24 hours after dosing and ranged from 19 to 44 ng/mL and fell to
      background levels after 96 to 120 hours. Total radioactivity was excreted to an
      equal extent in urine (2.7%) and in feces (2.8%).

PMID- 6384849
TI  - Topical treatment of flat vaginal condyloma with human leukocyte interferon.
AB  - Human leukocyte interferon cream was evaluated in a double blind placebo
      controlled trial in 13 patients with widespread vaginal flat condylomatous
      dysplasia. Patients applied 12 million units of interferon vaginal cream daily
      into vagina during four two-week treatment courses separated by one-week
      intervals. Five of eight patients treated with interferon showed clear remissions
      in colposcopy. Cytologic examinations, however, revealed cells typical of
      condyloma in all cases. Two responding patients relapsed one and two months after
      the treatment. Among five patients using placebo, the lesions remained unchanged
      in three patients and progressed in two. Interferon treatment did not alter the
      microbiologic or cytologic picture of Papanicolaou smears, but lymphocytic
      infiltrations in the stroma next to condylomas were seen in histologic samples.
      No overt side effects were observed during interferon treatment.

PMID- 6384850
TI  - Antibiotic prevention of infections complicating radical abdominal hysterectomy.
AB  - In this randomized, double-blind study, the effectiveness of a single-agent
      prophylactic antibiotic in reducing infections after radical abdominal
      hysterectomy with pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy was compared with a
      placebo. A total of 12 doses of cefoxitin (2g) or placebo were given to 70
      patients, starting the evening before surgery. Because of tumor spread beyond the
      cervix, radical hysterectomy was not performed in 17 patients who were,
      therefore, excluded from the study. Analysis of 53 patients who completed the
      study revealed that 15% of cefoxitin patients had surgical site-related
      infections compared with 52% of placebo patients (P = .005). Significant
      differences between the groups were also observed in nonsurgical site-related
      infections (23 versus 48%), overall morbidity (58 versus 89%), and the need for
      additional antibiotic therapy (38 versus 67%). Socioeconomic status was a
      significant risk factor with 57% of staff patients demonstrating increased site
      related infections as compared with 17% of private patients (P = .002). No
      clinically significant side effects were observed. The authors recommend the use
      of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing radical abdominal hysterectomy
      for gynecologic malignancies.

PMID- 6384851
TI  - Use of an antifibrinolytic agent (tranexamic acid) and lateral sutures with laser
      conization of the cervix.
AB  - One hundred forty patients who underwent laser conization and 220 patients who
      underwent laser miniconizations were prospectively randomized into two study
      groups. One treatment group was given antifibrinolytic therapy in the form of
      tranexamic acid (Cyklokapron, KabiVitrum, Sweden) intraoperatively and for 14
      days postoperatively. The other group did not receive antifibrinolytic therapy.
      In the group of 68 patients with laser conizations who were given
      antifibrinolytic therapy, no postoperative hemorrhages occurred, whereas there
      were eight such hemorrhages in 72 conizations (11%) in the untreated patients.
      This difference is statistically significant (P = .004, Fisher exact test for two
      proportions). Also, for laser miniconization, the frequency of postoperative
      hemorrhage was almost halved, from 9.1% in 110 patients not receiving
      antifibrinolytic therapy to 5.5% in the 110 treated patients. The use of lateral
      cervical sutures did not reduce the frequency of postoperative hemorrhage at
      laser conization in the present study.

PMID- 6384852
TI  - Impaired fetal growth: ultrasonic evaluation and clinical management.
AB  - Although biparietal diameter has become the standard fetal dimension for dating
      purposes, it is accurate in the diagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation in
      only 50% of cases. Serial assessment of the abdominal circumference, on the other
      hand, may allow more accurate identification of impaired growth. The combined use
      of biparietal diameter and abdominal circumference in the estimation of fetal
      weight in utero directly addresses the basis of the diagnosis of impaired fetal
      growth. Ultrasonic observation of amniotic fluid volume, fetal muscle tone, and
      the texture of the placenta may also be valuable in the diagnosis of intrauterine
      growth retardation. Once a diagnosis of impaired fetal growth is made, the
      clinical management includes, possibly, treatment of maternal factors that may be
      contributing to the growth retardation and monitoring of fetal and maternal well
      being with delivery if serious deterioration of either mother or fetus is noted.
      Maximal safe retention in utero is the management goal, as long as some growth is
      noted and acute distress is not seen.

PMID- 6384853
TI  - Nongonococcal pelvic abscess caused by Salmonella enteritidis.
AB  - A 25-year-old patient presented with Salmonella enteritidis gastroenteritis and
      coexistent pelvic abscess caused by the same organism. After a failed trial of
      parenteral antibiotics, she underwent surgical therapy. S enteritidis is now
      documented as a specific agent in pelvic infection.

PMID- 6384854
TI  - [The strength of abutments reinforced with composite resin].

PMID- 6384855
TI  - [Laboratory and clinical studies of overdenture stability. The effect of the site
      of residual roots and the coping form on denture vibration].

PMID- 6384856
TI  - Three-dimensional photoelastic stress analysis of coping designs for
      overdentures.

PMID- 6384857
TI  - Return of the worm.

PMID- 6384858
TI  - [Possibilities of refractive keratoplasty in rehabilitating patients with
      traumatic cataract and dislocation of the crystalline lens into the vitreous
      body].

PMID- 6384859
TI  - [Distribution of class G immunoglobulin in the rabbit cornea in the healing
      process of a cryopreserved allograft].

PMID- 6384860
TI  - [Procedure for the primary surgical treatment of injuries to the lower lacrimal
      duct].

PMID- 6384861
TI  - [Chemotherapy of advanced non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma with cisplatin
      and vindesine].
AB  - 29 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer were treated with cisplatin
      and vindesine according to the protocol of Gralla et al. 1 complete and 7 partial
      remissions were achieved. Because of the short observation time we cannot say
      anything about duration of remission and survival time of the patients. Toxicity
      observed during 67 cycles was severe. Because of side effects treatment had to be
      stopped in 10 patients. According to remission rates this protocol is comparable
      to other cisplatin combinations.

PMID- 6384862
TI  - [Childhood B-cell lymphomas and leukemias. Improvement of prognosis by a therapy
      developed for B-neoplasms by the BFM study group].
AB  - In two consecutive therapy studies, the BFM multicenter study group treated 55
      children with B-NHL from 1975 until 1981 and another 55 children with B-NHL and
      22 with B-ALL since 1981. In the 1975/81 study, a therapeutic regimen which
      produced excellent results in non-B-NHL and -ALL, emerged to be much less
      effective in disseminated B-NHL. With this regimen the probability of continuous
      complete remission (CCR) in advanced disease was 34% only after 7 years. Since
      1981, a new therapeutic regimen of higher specificity for B-neoplasias improved
      the probability of CCR at the present time to 100% in localised B-NHL, to 63% in
      disseminated B-NHL and even in B-ALL to 49%.

PMID- 6384863
TI  - [Improved clinical course of herpes zoster in immunosuppressed patients treated
      with fibroblast interferon].
AB  - In a randomized study with patients suffering from herpes zoster spread of
      eruptions was inhibited and segmental pain was reduced rapidly by continuous
      infusion of daily 0.5 X 10(6) IE fibroblast interferon/kg body weight for 3-5
      days. Postherpetic neuralgia was observed more rarely and interferon healing of
      eruptions was accelerated by interferon compared to the controls.

PMID- 6384864
TI  - [Combined therapy with AMSA and etoposide (VP 16-213) in refractory acute myeloid
      leukemia. A phase I study].
AB  - In a phase I study the combination of AMSA and etoposide was applied to 12
      patients with intensively pretreated, refractory AML to evaluate the basis for a
      subsequent phase II study in terms of drug dosage and timing. Each treatment
      cycle consisted in a 5-day regimen of AMSA 210 mg/m2/d days 2, 3 and 4. Etoposide
      was administered on days 1 and 5 with a constant loading dose of 100 mg/m2 by an
      1-h infusion followed by a 23-h infusion, the dose of which was escalated in 3
      steps from 110 mg/m2 to 200 mg/m2 and 230 mg/m2. In 18 treatment cycles the
      recommended dosage for a subsequent phase II study was found to be 660 mg/m2
      etoposide per cycle together with 630 mg/m2 AMSA per course. Main side effects
      were nausea and vomiting as well as mucositis; 1 patient developed a severe
      intrahepatic cholestasis. In 11 from 16 evaluable treatment cycles a significant
      reduction of bone marrow blasts was observed with a mean cytoreduction rate of
      0,26 log10/d. 4 patients, 3 of whom were primarily resistent to 2 TAD induction
      courses, achieved a partial remission.

PMID- 6384866
TI  - [Platelet function and high-dose methotrexate treatment with citrovorum factor
      rescue].
AB  - Bleeding symptoms complicating HDMTX and CFR therapy have been reported,
      Thrombocytopenia and disturbed plasmatic coagulation could not explain all
      bleeding episodes. Platelet function had not been investigated in HDMTX and CFR
      treatment so far. In vitro tests showed a dose-dependent inhibition of platelet
      aggregation post incubation with MTX. Platelet factor 3 availability was
      decreased as well. Ex vivo investigations in 10 children undergoing HDMTX and CFR
      treatment (6 or 12 g/m2) showed impaired platelet factor 3 release whereas
      aggregation tests were normal. No severe platelet function disturbances could be
      seen under HDMTX with CFR treatment. However, platelet function should be tested
      in cases of unexplained bleeding tendency under HDMTX/CFR treatment, since the
      impairment of platelet function observed in vitro might become relevant in the
      individual condition.

PMID- 6384865
TI  - [Graded chemotherapy and reduced radiotherapy in Hodgkin's disease in childhood.
      Intermediate report on the cooperative HD 82 therapy study].
AB  - The results of 111 children with Hodgkin's disease, who were treated with
      chemotherapy of different intensity and reduced radiotherapy (Cooperative Therapy
      Study HD 82, 12/81 - 9/83) are presented. There is no evidence that reduction of
      radiotherapy and selective splenectomy (splenectomy only in case of high
      probability of splenic involvement) induce a higher rate of relapses. All 87
      patients with pathological stage I, II and IIIA are in first remission. 2 of 24
      patients with stage IIIB/IV died of sepsis, 1 of those 24 patients relapsed.
      Splenectomy could be omitted in 2/3 of patients, in 75% of splenectomy splenic
      involvement was proved. 7% of all children get splenic irradiation.

PMID- 6384867
TI  - [Complications of preoperative high-dose-rate iridium-192 irradiation in cervix
      uteri carcinoma].
AB  - A report is given about the experience in preoperative, nonfractionated high-dose
      iridium-192 irradiation in cases of carcinoma of the cervix uteri. A few days
      prior to radical hysterectomy a dose of 20 Gy (in 2 cm distance) was applied
      locally by means of a loop-applicator (afterloading technique, Buchler). In cases
      without postoperative irradiation severe vaginal necroses, in cases with
      postoperative irradiation severe local and peripheral lesions were observed. In 8
      of 10 cases irradiated pre- and postoperatively, another surgical intervention
      was necessary because of complications in the urinary or intestinal tract. This
      publication is presented as a warning for preoperative high-dose irradiation with
      20 Gy applied locally in cases of carcinoma of the cervix uteri.

PMID- 6384868
TI  - Lens implant cyto-pathology in postoperative Proteus panophthalmitis.
AB  - The reactive membrane on a posterior chamber lens implant removed from an eye
      with postoperative proteus mirabilis panophthalmitis was found to be based on a
      continuous proteinaceous capsule exhibiting only very few fibroblast-like cells.
      Diffusely arranged neutrophils exhibiting evidence of phagocytosis were attached
      to a delicate fiber network continuous with the processes of fibroblast-like
      cells. There was also pus and acellular debris loosely covering the outer surface
      of this capsule.

PMID- 6384869
TI  - Diagnosis and management of cataracts in infancy and childhood.
AB  - Congenital and developmental cataracts are a major cause of visual impairment in
      children. They may occur as an isolated ocular finding in an otherwise healthy
      child or as part of a hereditary syndrome or congenital nongenetic disease.
      Management of significant unilateral and bilateral congenital cataracts involves
      early patient identification and evaluation followed by prompt surgery.
      Appropriate optical rehabilitation and occlusion therapy for amblyopia must begin
      shortly thereafter. The visual prognosis of a congenital cataract is poorer in
      unilateral than in bilateral cases and in total than in partial cataracts. Visual
      rehabilitation is also poorer in those cases in which the cataract is associated
      with other ocular abnormalities.

PMID- 6384870
TI  - In situ characterization of mononuclear cells in human dental periapical
      inflammatory lesions using monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Mononuclear cells in cryostat sections of human dental periapical inflammatory
      lesions were studied with the aid of murine monoclonal antibodies and with
      indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. T lymphocytes (OKT3-positive cells) made
      up a major part of the cells in the infiltrates. They were found mainly in
      clusters, although single cells were also seen. T helper cells (OKT4) were more
      numerous than suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (OKT8-positive cells), with a ratio of
      approximately 2:1. Langerhans cells (OKT6-positive cells) were not demonstrated:
      only a few scattered HNK 1-positive cells, probably natural killer cells, were
      detected. A large number of OKM1- and OKIa 1-positive cells were detected in the
      infiltrates. Their size and number varied considerably in the different areas of
      the sections. These cells are probably macrophages. Sheets of small OKIa 1
      positive cells were also demonstrated, indicating the presence of B lymphocytes
      or activated T lymphocytes. The results indicate that immune reactions may be of
      importance in the pathogenesis of periapical inflammatory lesions.

PMID- 6384871
TI  - Microbiological findings of infected root canals and adjacent periodontal pockets
      in teeth with advanced periodontitis.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to examine the flora from the root canals
      and periodontal pockets of teeth with advanced periodontal disease in order to
      compare the predominant cultivable microflora from the canals with those found in
      the adjacent periodontal pockets. Three samples were collected from each of
      sixteen patients, one from the root canal and two from the adjacent periodontal
      pocket in two different sites. Criteria for inclusion in the survey were pocket
      depth of greater than or equal to 7 mm, intact clinical crowns, and lack of
      periapical lesions. The study has demonstrated that the microorganisms present in
      the root canals of caries-free teeth with advanced periodontitis generally
      resembled those found in the adjacent periodontal pockets. The similarity in the
      recovery of organisms in the current study suggests that the pocket could be the
      source of the root canal infections. Further investigation is needed to clarify
      whether such factors as duration of periodontitis and age of the patient play a
      role in pulpal pathosis and whether the presence of specific bacterial species is
      also a factor in the etiology and pathogenesis of pulp disease.

PMID- 6384872
TI  - Long-term follow-up of a mandibular costochondral graft.
AB  - The long-term follow-up of a patient with unilateral mandibular condylar
      dysplasia and facial asymmetry, treated with a costochondral graft, is presented.
      The etiology of the deformity and the surgical treatment are discussed. A
      detailed review of the literature is included to introduce the reader to the
      biology and rationale for the use of costochondral grafts in growing patients.

PMID- 6384873
TI  - Pathomorphologic features of the ulcerative stage of oral aphthous ulcerations.
AB  - Macroscopic, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical features of eight 1- to 7
      day-old minor (Mikulicz) aphthae, one herpetiform ulcer, and one ulcer from a
      patient with Behcet's syndrome were studied. In addition to light and electron
      microscopy, methods included the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique to
      disclose binding of IgA, IgG, IgM, Clq, and C3. Observations revealed the
      presence and distribution of extravasates of erythrocytes at and around the
      ulcers, extravascular neutrophilic granulocytes undermining the oral epithelium
      of the ulcer margin, the presence of numerous macrophages loaded with
      phagolysosomes containing debris of neutrophilic granulocytes, particular
      pathomorphologic features of a Behcet lesion and a herpetiform lesion, and the
      occurrence in diseased and normal oral mucosa of particular stratum spinosum
      cells binding nonselectively all immune components tested in this study, probably
      by leakage and passive diffusion of serum proteins. The observations fit the
      concept of immune complex vasculitis being essential in the pathogenesis of oral
      aphthous ulcerations.

PMID- 6384874
TI  - [A method of the surgical treatment of juvenile epiphysiolysis of the femur
      head].

PMID- 6384875
TI  - [In memory of a great Hungarian pediatrician: Dr. Emmi Pikler (1902-1984)].

PMID- 6384876
TI  - [Cimetidine therapy of stress ulcer caused by life-threatening illnesses in
      children].

PMID- 6384877
TI  - [Fatal intrauterine infection after maternal group B Streptococcus haemolyticus
      (agalactiae) disease].

PMID- 6384878
TI  - [Blood Na and K concentrations in the erythrocytes of children with nephrotic
      syndrome, uremia and pyelonephritis].

PMID- 6384880
TI  - [Centenary of the birth of Tivadar Huttl].

PMID- 6384879
TI  - [Diabetic hepatopathies].

PMID- 6384881
TI  - [Ferenc Kovacs (1890-1974)].

PMID- 6384882
TI  - [The Talmud of Luzsenszky again?].

PMID- 6384883
TI  - [Reflections on Jozsef Csorba].

PMID- 6384884
TI  - [Prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia].

PMID- 6384885
TI  - [Early experience with superselective vagotomy in the management of duodenal
      ulcer].

PMID- 6384886
TI  - [Dr. Viktor Ivanchich].

PMID- 6384887
TI  - [Geza Farkas whose life was his major masterpiece].

PMID- 6384888
TI  - [Serum carcinoembryonic antigen and beta-2-microglobulin studies in patients with
      cancer of the colon].

PMID- 6384889
TI  - [Clinical course of patients with chronic lymphoid leukemia].

PMID- 6384890
TI  - [On the occasion of an anniversary (Matteo Realdo Colombo, Michael Servet)].

PMID- 6384891
TI  - [Andras Josa, born 150 years ago (30 November 1834-6 September 1918)].

PMID- 6384892
TI  - [Geza Csath--Dr. Jozsef Brenner (1887-1919)].

PMID- 6384893
TI  - [Reconstructive surgery in cranio-facial injuries].

PMID- 6384894
TI  - Dorothy J. Novello, national nursing leader, dies September 5.

PMID- 6384895
TI  - The myth of painless childbirth (the John J. Bonica lecture).

PMID- 6384896
TI  - [Fleas of the Lake Evoron vole (Siphonaptera)].
AB  - In Lower Priamurje in summer of 1977-1979 Microtus evoronensis was parasitized
      mainly by fleas of Ceratophyllus calcarifer. Other seven species of fleas
      recorded from this animal are very rare. They are connected, in general, with
      other small mammals and birds.

PMID- 6384897
TI  - [40th anniversary of the founding of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the
      USSR].

PMID- 6384898
TI  - [Potassium and anti-ischemic protection of the myocardium].

PMID- 6384899
TI  - Recurrent chest pain in children.
AB  - Chest pain in children is relatively common and is often benign and self-limited,
      but it has received scant attention in the pediatric literature. The author
      offers rational guidelines for diagnosing the causes of chest pain and comments
      on the management and follow-up of the patient.

PMID- 6384900
TI  - Chronic and recurrent headaches in children and adolescents.
AB  - Headache is a common chronic and recurrent symptom in children and adolescents.
      The author discusses the prevalence of headache, its differential diagnosis,
      interpretation of symptoms, methods of assessment, and pharmacologic and
      nonpharmacologic treatment approaches.

PMID- 6384901
TI  - Limb pain in childhood.
AB  - As the presenting complaint in 7 per cent of pediatrician visits, pain in the
      limbs is a common problem in childhood. It is important that the diagnosis be
      made expeditiously. The authors review the possible organic cause of limb pain,
      as well as limb pain from conversion reactions and from growing pains, giving
      special attention to the differential diagnosis so that appropriate treatment for
      the pain can be initiated.

PMID- 6384902
TI  - Behavioral approaches to the management of chronic pain in children.
AB  - This article focuses on the basic premises underlying the behavioral assessment
      and treatment of chronic pain, particularly as they apply to the less distinct
      pain disorders of childhood, such as obscure headache and abdominal pain. Pain
      behavior management procedures, relaxation techniques, and biofeedback training
      are discussed in detail in reviewing recent research developments in this area.

PMID- 6384903
TI  - Recurrent abdominal pain in school children: the loneliness of the long-distance
      physician.
AB  - The recurring of abdominal pain can be a taxing clinical ordeal for the primary
      care physician or consultant. It often is a test of stamina, of diagnostic self
      confidence, of fiscal constraint, and of vigilance for rare conditions. The
      clinician is apt to be haunted by the lingering question: "Am I missing
      something?" That which might or might not be "missed" comprises the content as
      well as the rationale for this review.

PMID- 6384904
TI  - "Colic"--primary excessive crying as an infant-environment interaction.
AB  - This article defines "colic" as excessive crying in young infants and suggests
      some specific diagnostic criteria. The three main theories of single causes are
      reviewed: feedings, psychosocial environment, and problems in the infant. In
      place of these oversimplified explanations, this article proposes an
      interactional model that considers both intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
      Recommendations for management include suggestions for handling the infant, the
      environment, and their interaction. Some suggestions are then offered for
      improving the quality of future research.

PMID- 6384905
TI  - Prostaglandins and related compounds in the perinatal pulmonary circulation.
AB  - It is clear that the products of arachidonate metabolism (prostaglandins,
      leukotrienes, thromboxanes, etc) are involved in both normal and pathophysiologic
      pulmonary vascular responses. However, the precise roles of these compounds in
      the various pulmonary vasoregulatory processes remain unclear. This paper reviews
      the synthetic pathways for these compounds and summarizes the current state of
      knowledge regarding their involvement in the perinatal pulmonary circulation.
      Data regarding endogenous compounds as well as the effects of exogenously
      administered agents are presented.

PMID- 6384906
TI  - Circulatory effects of tolazoline and prostacyclin (PGI2) in chronically
      instrumented lambs.
AB  - We used chronically instrumented, unanesthetized lambs to study the circulatory
      response to tolazoline and prostacyclin. During normoxia, tolazoline given in ten
      incremental doses from .01 to 6 mg/kg increased heart rate beginning at 1.1
      mg/kg, cardiac output, and PVR/SVR. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) fell, and
      pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) did not change. Tolazoline given during
      hypoxemia, when basal PVR and heart rate were increased, caused SVR to fall at
      both 3.3 and 6.6 mg/kg doses, while PVR fell only at 6.6 mg/kg. During hypoxemia,
      even .01 mg/kg of tolazoline caused tachycardia, but cardiac output rose
      insignificantly, due to high variability. Prostacyclin given during normoxia
      caused SVR to fall without change in PVR. A significantly greater fall in SVR
      occurred when 6.6 micrograms/kg of PGI2 was the first dose given than when the
      same dose was given later in an incremental titration. Thus, neither drug is a
      selective pulmonary vasodilator in unanesthetized lambs. Dosing protocol may be
      important in determining the overall circulatory response to a given drug dose.

PMID- 6384907
TI  - The assessment of pulmonary vascular tone: a review of experimental
      methodologies.
AB  - Some of the difficulties inherent in studies of pulmonary vasoactivity are
      reviewed. We have outlined the various experimental approaches used to evaluate
      the effect of pharmacologic and other interventions on the pulmonary vascular
      bed, and have described the advantages and limitations of these techniques.

PMID- 6384908
TI  - Some aspects of maternal metabolism throughout pregnancy in the conscious rabbit.
AB  - Studies of maternal metabolism during pregnancy have focused principally upon the
      latter half of gestation. However, maternal metabolic adaptations to pregnancy
      may occur at all stages of pregnancy. To study maternal metabolism throughout
      pregnancy, we developed a chronically catheterized rabbit model in which animals
      could be studied under conscious, stress-free conditions when nonpregnant and
      then serially throughout pregnancy. Anesthesia produced marked hyperglycemia. In
      contrast, chronic catheterization and daily handling did not affect blood
      concentrations of glucose, lactate, ketone bodies, or free fatty acids, or food
      intake. Glucose concentration decreased with pregnancy to a value at term equal
      to 85% of the prepregnancy value. Lactate concentration rose significantly in the
      second half of pregnancy but changes in free fatty acids and ketoacid levels were
      not significant. These results are discussed from a comparative physiologic point
      of view, emphasizing the unique aspects of rabbit metabolism during pregnancy and
      the importance of performing such studies under conscious, stress-free
      conditions.

PMID- 6384909
TI  - Cardiovascular changes in group B streptococcal sepsis in the piglet: response to
      indomethacin and relationship to prostacyclin and thromboxane A2.
AB  - Seventeen piglets were infected with a continuous intravenous infusion of live
      group B beta-hemolytic streptococci (GBS). Hemodynamic changes were recorded, and
      blood samples were drawn for measurement of thromboxane B2 (TxB2) (stable
      metabolite of thromboxane A2) and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (stable metabolite of
      prostacyclin). Control animals (n = 9) received only bacteria, while treatment
      animals (n = 8) received indomethacin, 3 mg/kg IV, 15 min after the start of the
      bacterial infusion. Control animals responded to the bacteria within 15 min with
      marked elevation in mean pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa) from 15 +/- 8 to 39 +/-
      6 mm Hg and decline in PaO2 from 80 +/- 11 to 51 +/- 6 mm Hg and cardiac output
      (CO) from 0.24 +/- 0.07 to 0.13 +/- 0.07 liters/min/kg. Mean arterial blood
      pressure (AoP) significantly decreased from baseline value of 95 +/- 13 to 51 +/-
      32 mm Hg by 180 min. In animals treated with indomethacin, these changes were
      reversed or significantly attenuated. The hemodynamic changes were associated
      temporally with elevations in plasma concentrations of TxB2 or 6-keto-PGF1 alpha.
      In the first 60 min, TxB2 levels in both groups correlated with Ppa (r = 0.72, p
      less than 0.001) and PaO2 (r = -0.60, p less than 0.001). A strong negative
      correlation between TxB2 and CO was observed over the first 180 min (r = -0.73, p
      less than 0.001). There was a statistically significant correlation between AoP
      and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentration between 60 and 180 min (r = -0.54, p less
      than 0.002). Indomethacin improved the hemodynamic function in this model of GBS
      sepsis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6384910
TI  - The dietary treatment of children with type I glycogen storage disease with slow
      release carbohydrate.
AB  - The effect of ingestion of uncooked cornstarch (2 g/kg body weight) in water,
      uncooked starch (1 g/kg) added to a meal, and glucose (2 g/kg) in water, was
      studied in eight patients with type IA glycogen storage disease (GSD) and one
      patient with type IB GSD. Blood glucose concentrations were determined at 30-min
      intervals during each tolerance test; blood lactate, blood insulin, and
      expiratory hydrogen were determined at 60-min intervals. The glucose levels
      remained in the normal range (greater than or equal to 1.8 mM) during
      approximately 6.5-9.0 h, 3.5-6.5 h, and 2.25-4.0 h during the three tolerance
      tests, respectively. The lactate levels differed markedly for the different tests
      per patient, and for the same type of test between the patients. Blood insulin
      concentrations after starch administration did not exceed values of 50 mU/liter
      above fasting levels and were markedly lower than those after glucose
      administration (maximum levels of 280 mU/liter). The expiratory hydrogen
      excretion did not increase or only slightly increased after cornstarch
      administration (less than 20 ppm).

PMID- 6384911
TI  - A randomized trial of A.C.T. (asthma care training) for kids.
AB  - A randomized control trial of a curriculum, A.C.T. (Asthma Care Training) for
      Kids, was conducted. Seventy-six children between the ages of 8 and 12 years,
      whose asthma required treatment with medications at least 25% of the days per
      month, were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. The control
      group received 4 1/2 hours of lecture presentations on asthma and its management.
      The experimental groups (consisting of four to seven children and their parents)
      received five 1-hour sessions comprising "the treatment." Children and their
      parents were interviewed before the sessions and 3, 6, and 12 months after the
      completion of the experimental treatment. Use of emergency rooms and hospitals
      was determined by reviewing the records of these patients (all members of the Los
      Angeles Kaiser Permanente health care system) for the period of 1 year before and
      1 year after the treatment. Results include (1) equivalent increases in knowledge
      and changes in beliefs in both groups, (2) significant changes in the self
      reported compliance behaviors of the experimental group only, and (3) significant
      reductions in emergency room visits and days of hospitalization among those
      receiving the experimental treatment, compared with the control group. These
      changes represent an estimated savings of approximately $180 per child per year
      for those in the experimental group.

PMID- 6384912
TI  - Using conventional infant ventilators at unconventional rates.
AB  - The effect of progressive increases in ventilator rate on delivered tidal and
      minute volumes, and the effect of changing peak inspiratory pressure (Pmax),
      positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and inspiration to expiration (I:E)
      ratio at different ventilator rates were examined. Five different continuous
      flow, time-cycled, pressure-preset infant ventilators were studied using a
      pneumotachograph, an airway pressure monitor, and a lung simulator. As rates
      increased from 10 to 150 breaths per minute, tidal volume stayed constant until
      25 to 30 breaths per minute; then progressively decreased. In all, tidal volume
      began to decrease when proximal airway pressure waves lost inspiratory pressure
      plateaus. As rates increased, minute volume increased until 75 breaths per
      minute, then leveled off, then decreased. Substituting helium for O2 increased
      the ventilator rate at which this minute volume plateau effect occurred.
      Increasing peak inspiratory pressure consistently increased tidal volume.
      Increasing positive end-expiratory pressure decreased tidal volume. At rates less
      than 75 breaths per minute, inspiratory time (inspiration to expiration ratio)
      had little effect on delivered volume. At rates greater than 75 breaths per
      minute, inspiratory time became an important determinant of minute volume. For
      any given combination of lung compliance and airway resistance: there is a
      maximum ventilator rate beyond which tidal volume progressively decreases and
      another maximum ventilator rate beyond which minute volume progressively
      decreases; at slower rates, delivered volumes are determined primarily by changes
      in proximal airway pressures; at very rapid rates, inspiratory time becomes a key
      determinant of delivered volume.

PMID- 6384913
TI  - Munchausen by proxy or Polle syndrome: which term is correct?
AB  - The terms Munchausen syndrome by proxy and Polle syndrome have both been used to
      describe the situation in which one person persistently fabricates illness on
      behalf of another (usually a mother on behalf of her child). However,
      investigation of the family records of the real life Baron von Munchausen in
      Germany reveal that Polle syndrome is an inappropriate title originally derived
      from incorrect information.

PMID- 6384914
TI  - Computer-based information retrieval and decision support for birth defects and
      genetic disorders.

PMID- 6384915
TI  - Factors associated with the choice and duration of infant-feeding practice.

PMID- 6384916
TI  - Review of the epidemiologic evidence for an association between infant feeding
      and infant health.

PMID- 6384917
TI  - Trends in infant feeding in developing countries.

PMID- 6384918
TI  - Review of research on the factors associated with choice and duration of infant
      feeding in less-developed countries.

PMID- 6384919
TI  - Infant feeding and infant growth.

PMID- 6384920
TI  - [Use of vitamin E in bronchopulmonary pathology in children].

PMID- 6384921
TI  - William Leslie Donohue.

PMID- 6384922
TI  - Infants of diabetic mothers. Fetal and neonatal pathophysiology.
AB  - Most of the clinical problems experienced by the IDM in the immediate neonatal
      period are manifestations of abnormal fetal developmental physiology that occur
      in response to an increased flux of glucose from mother to fetus. The principal
      fetal responses are hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, increased metabolic rate,
      and hypoxemia. Those fetal responses very likely lead to a redistribution of
      cardiac output, increased release of norepinephrine, and blunted release of
      glucagon. More fat is stored in adipocytes; more glycogen is stored in the liver;
      the heart may develop asymmetric septal hypertrophy; and lung metabolism is
      altered to delay the appearance of mature surfactant. At birth, the macrosomic
      IDM develops hypoglycemia that has a multifactorial basis (hyperinsulinemia,
      hypoglucagonemia, and probably diminished gluconeogenic and cortisol production
      rates). The IDM may experience respiratory symptoms from one of three causes:
      IRDS, persistent pulmonary hypertension, or congestive heart failure.
      Hyperbilirubinemia may occur because of increased rate of hemolysis; hypocalcemia
      and hypomagnesemia are likely within the first 3 days in association with a
      sluggish PTH response; and abnormal levels of inhibitors of fibrinolysis and
      platelet prostaglandin E-like substances may stimulate abnormal thrombosis.

PMID- 6384923
TI  - Nitroprusside, antihypertensive drug and analytical reagent. Review of
      (photo)stability, pharmacology and analytical properties.
AB  - A review of physical, chemical, analytical and pharmacological properties of
      nitroprusside is presented. In view of the pharmaceutical applications of
      nitroprusside special attention is given to the discussion of the
      (photo)degradation, the stability of the pharmaceutical formulations, the
      application as a reagent in pharmaceutical analysis and the redox behaviour.

PMID- 6384925
TI  - [Implantology today].

PMID- 6384924
TI  - Levels of blood-bourne factors and cytosol glucocorticoid receptors during the
      initiation of muscle atrophy in rodent hindlimbs.
AB  - When only 1 hindlimb of the adult mouse was immobilized for 13 h, the
      immobilization-induced failure of insulin to stimulate 2-deoxyglucose uptake was
      observed in the immobilized soleus muscle. 2-deoxyglucose uptake was unchanged in
      the contralateral, nonimmobilized muscle. In the rat, protein synthesis rates
      decreased in the one immobilized limb as compared to rates measured in the
      contralateral nonimmobilized limb of the same animal. The synthesis rates in the
      contralateral nonimmobilized limb of a rat with one immobilized limb were not
      significantly different from rates of muscle protein synthesis observed in rats
      with no hindlimb immobilization. Specific binding of 3H-dexamethasone, as
      determined by exchange assay in the gastrocnemius muscle cytosol, increased after
      7 days of immobilization, but not after only 6 h of immobilization. Changes in
      the level of blood-bourne factors or in cytosolic glucocorticoid levels do not by
      themselves initiate muscle atrophy in immobilized rodent limbs.

PMID- 6384926
TI  - Nursing administration. A selected annotated bibliography of current periodical
      literature in nursing administration and management.

PMID- 6384927
TI  - Associate degree education for nursing 1984-1985.

PMID- 6384928
TI  - Teaching ethics in nursing. A handbook for use of the case-study approach.

PMID- 6384929
TI  - Case studies for students: a companion to Teaching Ethics in Nursing.

PMID- 6384930
TI  - Scholarships and loans for nursing education, 1984-1985.

PMID- 6384931
TI  - [Comparison of the occurrence of infections caused by C. trachomatis and N.
      gonorrhea in Iceland].

PMID- 6384932
TI  - Preparation of oligonucleotides corresponding to the acceptor stem of yeast
      tRNAPhe and their interaction with yeast ATP(CTP):tRNA nucleotidyltransferase.
AB  - Seven oligonucleotides corresponding to the 3' and 5' sequences of the acceptor
      stem of yeast tRNAPhe have been prepared by chemical synthesis, chemical
      enzymatic synthesis or by isolation from tRNA hydrolysates. The oligonucleotides
      have been examined as substrates for phosphodiester bond synthesis in the
      presence of ATP as catalysed by yeast ATP (CTP): tRNA nucleotidyltransferase.
      Oligonucleotides which correspond to the sequence of the 3'-strand of the tRNA
      acceptor stem and possess no secondary structure exhibit little or no activity
      with the enzyme. The ability of the enzyme to catalyse the synthesis of a
      phosphodiester linkage using ATP and an oligonucleotide corresponding to the 3'
      strand of the acceptor stem is in general dramatically increased when an
      oligonucleotide corresponding to the sequence of the 5'-strand of tRNA acceptor
      stem is present. In cases where significant activity was observed kinetic
      parameters have been determined.

PMID- 6384933
TI  - Correlation between suppressed meiotic recombination and the lack of DNA strand
      breaks in the rRNA genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - We have examined whether the suppressed homologous meiotic recombination within
      the rDNA of S. cerevisiae is reflected by a lack of possibly recombination
      initiating strand-breaks in this part of the genome. Our findings indicate that
      bulk DNA in the ds-break repair deficient mutant rad52/rad52 accumulates a
      limited number of both ss- and ds-breaks during meiosis as compared to a
      RAD+/rad52 heterozygote. The rDNA-containing chromosome is however protected
      against these breaks, and thus this may be an explanation for the suppression of
      recombination in the rDNA. The fact that ds-breaks seem to be involved gives
      indirect support to the ds-break-repair model for recombination.

PMID- 6384934
TI  - Similarity in gene organization and homology between proteins of animal
      picornaviruses and a plant comovirus suggest common ancestry of these virus
      families.
AB  - The amino acid sequences deduced from the nucleic acid sequences of several
      animal picornaviruses and cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), a plant virus, were
      compared. Good homology was found between CPMV and the picornaviruses in the
      region of the picornavirus 2C (P2-X protein), VPg, 3C pro (proteinase) and 3D pol
      (RNA polymerase) regions. The CPMV B genome was found to have a similar gene
      organization to the picornaviruses. A comparison of the 3C pro (proteinase)
      regions of all of the available picornavirus sequences and CPMV allowed us to
      identify residues that are completely conserved; of these only two residues, Cys
      147 and His-161 (poliovirus proteinase) could be the reactive residues of the
      active site of a proteinase with analogous mechanism to a known proteinase. We
      conclude that the proteinases encoded by these viruses are probably cysteine
      proteinases, mechanistically related, but not homologous to papain.

PMID- 6384935
TI  - Recent developments in the field of 123I-radiopharmaceuticals.
AB  - Due to its advantageous nuclear physical properties iodine-123 is an excellent
      label for radiopharmaceuticals very well suited for measurements by gamma-cameras
      and single-photon emission tomography. The development of 123I
      radiopharmaceuticals should be based on a clear biochemical concept, reliable
      labelling procedures and careful pharmacokinetic studies in order to evaluate the
      physiological behaviour of the radioiodinated compounds being analogues of
      metabolic substrates. The development of 123I-labelled fatty acids and biogenic
      amines clearly proved the successful use of 123I for labelling compounds applied
      in medical diagnosis.

PMID- 6384936
TI  - [Comparison of simple nuclear medical methods of determining renal clearance].
AB  - Comparative clearance determinations with a partially shielded whole-body
      counter, a shoulder probe, a gamma camera and also exclusively by use of the
      plasma activity concentration at 45 min p.i. revealed the following results: The
      partially shielded whole-body counter can be substituted by the shoulder probe
      without major loss of quality, provided that this is taken into consideration in
      the subsequent calculations. However, values below 250 ml/min may possibly be
      wrong, i.e. too high, when the camera background-curve is used for clearance
      determination. The very simple 45-min-clearance is recommended mostly as a method
      in addition or in reserve.

PMID- 6384937
TI  - Midwifery by gaslight.

PMID- 6384938
TI  - An unwelcome souvenir.

PMID- 6384939
TI  - Late effects of childhood cancer and its treatment.

PMID- 6384941
TI  - Long-term continuing education programs in cancer nursing.

PMID- 6384942
TI  - [Bronchial asthma caused by aspirin hypersensitivity (pathomechanism and
      diagnostic and therapeutic problems)].

PMID- 6384940
TI  - Hospice USA 1984--steady and holding.

PMID- 6384943
TI  - Laboratory evaluation of eight pit and fissure sealants.

PMID- 6384944
TI  - Piretanide: a loop-active diuretic. Pharmacology, therapeutic efficacy and
      adverse effects.
AB  - Piretanide is a high-ceiling, loop-active diuretic that has been developed for
      treatment of congestive heart failure, hypertension and edematous states caused
      by renal and hepatic diseases. Piretanide is structurally related to furosemide
      and bumetanide; when administered orally, 6 mg of piretanide is as effective as
      40 mg of furosemide, and when administered intravenously, 12 mg of piretanide is
      as effective as 40 mg of furosemide. Piretanide enhances water and sodium
      excretion in patients with congestive heart failure, with nephrotic syndrome and
      with cirrhosis and ascites. Adverse effects reported to date are limited to those
      attributable to excess loss of fluid and electrolytes. Under some conditions,
      piretanide appears to be less potassium wasting than thiazide diuretics or other
      loop-active diuretics.

PMID- 6384945
TI  - Ceftazidime versus tobramycin/ticarcillin in treating hospital acquired pneumonia
      and bacteremia.
AB  - Thirty-five patients in a neurosurgical intensive care unit who had nosocomial
      pneumonia and bacteremia were randomly assigned to receive either ceftazidime
      (Cef) or the combination of ticarcillin and pharmacokinetically adjusted doses of
      tobramycin (T/T). Fifteen of 17 patients (88%) who received Cef were cured or
      improved compared to 15 of 18 (83%) who received T/T. The original pathogen was
      eradicated from the respiratory secretion in 10 of 15 patients receiving Cef
      compared to only 6 of 18 patients receiving T/T (p = 0.12). All patients in both
      treatment groups who had positive blood cultures cleared the organism from the
      bloodstream. No cases of drug toxicity, including renal toxicity, were seen in
      either group. Cef used as a single agent in nosocomial pneumonias and bacteremias
      performed at least as well as T/T.

PMID- 6384946
TI  - Dynamic neuronal-glial interactions in hypothalamus and pituitary: implications
      for control of hormone synthesis and release.
AB  - Various lines of evidence have suggested that astrocytes play a dynamic role in
      control of hormone synthesis and release from the CNS. The model system most
      studied has been the rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system, consisting chiefly
      of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei and their axonal terminals. Neurons
      of this system manufacture and secrete oxytocin and vasopressin. Electron
      microscopic studies have shown that certain physiological conditions (e.g.,
      dehydration, lactation) produce increases in direct apposition among these
      neurosecretory cells, an effect due to withdrawal of glial processes from between
      the neurons. Neurohypophysial astrocytes (pituicytes) show dynamic interactions
      with the neurons at the level of the terminals, by engulfing them and interposing
      processes between the terminals and the basement membrane when hormone demand is
      low. Pituicyte processes retract from both areas when hormone demand is high,
      allowing the neuronal terminals direct access to the perivascular space.
      Recently, osmotic manipulations (in the physiological range) have shown that
      these changes can be produced in vitro in neurohypophysial explants without
      stimulated hormone release. Experiments on cultured adult rat pituicytes have
      revealed similar morphological changes in response to noradrenaline. These
      changes were reversed or blocked by propranolol. The increase in direct soma
      somatic apposition (7-9 nm separation) of magnocellular neurons could produce a
      tonic rise in (K+)o which would increase protein synthesis and contribute to the
      raised excitability of these neurons. Also, the removal of interposed glia could
      allow the formation of gap junctions and specialised synapses which are known to
      occur between these neurons. These in turn may participate in producing the
      coordinated firing that maximizes hormone release. The interactions of pituicytes
      with the terminals in the neurohypophysis suggests that these astrocytes are also
      a part of the mechanism of control of hormone release.

PMID- 6384947
TI  - Synaptic input to vasopressin neurons of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN).
AB  - Following injections of horseradish peroxidase into the PVN, retrogradely filled
      cells were found in regions of the limbic system known to contain glucocorticoid
      concentrating neurons [4, 31, 44]. To determine if these regions which include
      the lateral septum, medial amygdala and ventral subiculum have a monosynaptic
      input to vasopressin neurons we developed a double label ultrastructural
      technique [20] to simultaneously visualize immunoreactive neuropeptide and
      anterogradely transported HRP. Following injections of tracer into all three of
      these regions, HRP labeled fibers were seen at the light microscopic level to
      form a halo in the perinuclear, cell poor zone around the PVN. Ultrastructural
      examination of this area resulted in the discovery of a small number of limbic
      system synapses on vasopressin dendrites. These synapses were most numerous in
      the ventral and medial portion of the cell poor zone. A similar pattern of
      innervation was seen for the supraoptic and suprachiasmatic nucleic which also
      contain vasopressin cells whose dendrites extend beyond the nuclear boundaries.
      In a similar fashion we were interested in determining the distribution of
      noradrenergic terminals on vasopressin neurons in the various subnuclei of the
      PVN. We have combined immunocytochemistry for vasopressin with radioautography
      for 3H-norepinephrine (NE) at the ultrastructural level. NE terminals were
      numerous in the periventricular zone, innervating both vasopressin containing
      dendrite and non-immunoreactive dendrites and cell bodies. The vasopressin
      dendrites could originate from cells either resident in the periventricular zone
      or from cells situated in more lateral subnuclei. In the main, lateral
      magnocellular region, noradrenergic terminals were very few in number and
      innervated almost exclusively non-vasopressin containing structures. These
      studies demonstrate the need for ultrastructural analysis of synaptic input to
      neurosecretory cells.

PMID- 6384948
TI  - The neuroanatomical and neurovascular organization of normal fetal hypothalamic
      explants in the third cerebral ventricle of Brattleboro rats with homozygous
      diabetes insipidus.
AB  - This investigation has combined microangiography, immunocytochemistry, coupled
      with transmission and scanning electron microscopy to discuss the neuroanatomical
      interactions that occur in the brains of Brattleboro rats with diabetes
      insipidus, following stereotaxic placement of normal fetal hypothalamic fragments
      into the third cerebral ventricle. Following surgical placement of 17 day post
      coitus hypothalamic fragments, host rats with chronic autosomal homozygous
      diabetes insipidus were killed and their brains were prepared for analysis. A
      significant degree of explants (68%) flourished and grew in the lumen of the
      third cerebral ventricle of recipient hosts. Explants were rapidly invaded by
      host vessels from two routes. Vessels arose from the underlying mantle plexus of
      portal capillaries which remained fenestrated in the lower one-third of the
      explants and developed neurovascular (neurohemal) zones. The second source of
      vessels arose from bed capillaries of the adjacent paraventricular nucleus and
      adjacent hypothalamus. In contrast to vessels arising from the contact zone,
      these latter vessels remained unfenestrated. Small clusters of
      immunocytochemically positive neurons (neurophysin positive) were seen throughout
      the explants. Numerous healthy magnocellular neurons harboring numerous dense
      core vesicles and exhibiting multiple axosomatic and axodendritic synapses were
      seen throughout the neuropil of explants. Axon profiles were noted to terminate
      upon the abluminal basal lamina of perivascular spaces surrounding fenestrated
      capillaries in the lower one third of explants. None of the host animals
      exhibited physiological return to normal parameters of urine output, drinking
      behavior, and/or urine osmolarity. However the growth and development of explants
      in the third cerebral ventricle of DI hosts coupled with the emergence of
      bonafide neurovascular zones supports a potential anatomical substrate for the
      central delivery of neuropeptide hormones in this experimental model.

PMID- 6384949
TI  - LHRH neurons and their projections in humans and other mammals: species
      comparisons.
AB  - Using light microscopic immunocytochemistry, we have identified LHRH neurons and
      their projections in humans, monkeys, ferrets, bats and rats. In all these
      species, LHRH neurons project to the vascular contact zone of the ME, but
      positions of perikarya vary. This cell population, confined largely to rostral
      forebrain regions in rats, expands into the medial basal hypothalamus in humans,
      rhesus monkeys, ferrets and bats. Accompanying this expansion is an augmentation
      of extrahypothalamic LHRH projections. In rats, LHRH projections are primarily
      confined to the ME and OVLT. In humans, monkeys, ferrets and bats, however, there
      are also substantial projections to the posterior pituitary, habenular complex
      and amygdala. Although the significance of these extrahypothalamic projections is
      unknown, LHRH may function at some of these sites as a neuromodulator. Humans,
      monkeys, ferrets and bats further differ from rats in the apparent presence of
      mature decapeptide within perikarya. Whether variations in the dynamics of
      maturation of LHRH are related to differences in location of these neurons is
      currently under investigation.

PMID- 6384950
TI  - Quantitative and qualitative effects of ethanol on the LHRH-LH axis of the rat.
AB  - Ethanol (ETOH) has been shown to have pronounced effects on reproductive
      endocrinology in humans as well as laboratory animals. We have studied the
      effects of ETOH on the hypothalamic-pituitary-luteinizing hormone (LH) axis,
      using the male rat as an animal model. In order to better understand the method
      by which ETOH depresses plasma LH levels, we have used both quantitative and
      qualitative methods to analyze the effects of ETOH on hypothalamic luteinizing
      hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). As measured by RIA, both saline and ETOH
      treated rats showed a decrease in hypothalamic LHRH content with a concomitant
      increase in plasma LH; however, the animals treated with ETOH retained
      significantly greater concentrations of LHRH and showed significantly lower
      plasma LH levels when compared to saline-treated controls. In addition, ETOH
      treated intact animals showed significant increases in LHRH content, with LH
      levels remaining significantly lower than the saline-treated intact controls.
      Immunocytochemical assessment of the relative content of LHRH within each group
      concurred with the results obtained using RIA. These data as well as other data
      obtained from other laboratories indicate that alcohol-induced decreases in LH
      levels are due to a diminished release rate of hypothalamic LHRH.

PMID- 6384951
TI  - The A-B-C (Allocortex-Brainstem-Core) circuitry of endocrine-autonomic
      integration and regulation: a proposed hypothesis on the anatomical-functional
      relationships between estradiol sites of action and peptidergic-aminergic
      neuronal systems.
AB  - A sex steroid hormone sensitive brainstem-allocortex axis of neuronal cell groups
      and projections is recognized with convergent pathways of aminergic-peptidergic
      messenger systems, which subserves the adjustment for varying reproductive and
      environmental conditions and the coordination of endocrine-autonomic functions.
      Main stations in the A-B-C (Allocortex-Brainstem-Core) periventricular axis
      include the substantia gelatinosa, nucleus (n.) tractus solitarii-dorsal vagal
      nucleus-area postrema complex, locus ceruleus, n. parabrachialis, central gray
      and associated raphe nuclei, ventral tegmental area, lateral and periventricular
      hypothalamus, n. paraventricularis, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, preoptic
      septal nuclei and n. centralis amygdalae with associated amygdaloid nuclei, as
      well as the ventral and dorsal allocortex. All of these stations and their
      periventricular and medial forebrain bundle projections contain estradiol sites
      of action and represent elements of earlier defined periventricular estradiol
      target neuron systems. Results from colocalization of 3H estradiol by thaw-mount
      autoradiography and aminergic and peptidergic messengers by immunohistochemistry
      or other histochemical techniques indicate direct nuclear effects of estradiol on
      certain noradrenalin, dopamine, gamma aminobutyric acid, somatostatin, and
      neurophysin neurons. Additional data about correspondence of estradiol-target
      neuron accumulations with neuronal sites of peptide messenger production suggest
      direct effects of estradiol on certain enkephalin, endorphin, corticotropin
      releasing hormone, adrenalin, serotonin, cholecystokinin, pancreatic polypeptide
      and gonadotropin releasing hormone neurons--and probably others. As documented
      for the pituitary, and as an approach to understand varying and dual effects, it
      is postulated that estradiol activation of brain messenger systems parallels the
      heterogeneous estradiol binding in the A-B-C- system. This is expressed in the
      concept of differential Multiple Activation of Heterogeneous Systems
      (MAHS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6384952
TI  - Axonal projections and peptide content of steroid hormone concentrating neurons.
AB  - The axonal projections of cell groups containing the most dense collections of
      steroid hormone concentrating cells have been demonstrated with retrograde
      neuroanatomical tracing methods. Horseradish peroxidase revealed large numbers of
      neurons in ventrolateral ventromedial nucleus (VL-VM) which project to dorsal
      midbrain. Wheat germ agglutinin (immunocytochemical recognition method) revealed
      large numbers of neurons in medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) and particular
      subdivisions of paraventricular nucleus (PVN) that project to dorsal caudal
      medulla or spinal cord. Fluorescent dyes revealed that many preoptic area (POA),
      anterior hypothalamic (AHA), and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST)
      neurons project to ventral tegmental area of Tsai (VTA). Also many neurons in POA
      and BNST project to amygdala. A method which enabled simultaneous demonstration
      of the steroid binding capacity and axonal projections of neurons in the same
      tissue section revealed that 26-36% estradiol (E2) concentrating cells in VL-VM
      project to dorsal midbrain. E2 concentrating neurons in POA and BNST project to
      amygdala and E2 concentrating POA neurons project to VTA. These neurons, which
      send their axons to cell groups located in different brain regions, are probably
      under the genomic-regulatory influence of E2. Using a method which allows
      simultaneous demonstration of peptide content and steroid hormone concentrating
      capacity of cells, many oxytocin-neurophysin and vasopressin-neurophysin
      containing magnocellular neurons in the caudal PVN were found to concentrate E2.
      About 4% of the beta-endorphin and about 6% of the dynorphin containing neurons
      in the MBH concentrate E2. In contrast, virtually none (less than 0.2%) of the
      LHRH containing hypothalamic neurons concentrate E2.

PMID- 6384953
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in the
      hypothalamus of the squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus.
AB  - Corticotropin releasing factor immunoreactive (CRF-IR) neuronal cell bodies and
      fibers have been localized in both the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of
      the hypothalamus of the squirrel monkey. The major projection from these nuclei
      is to the median eminence and neural stem. A few CRF-IR fibers were found in the
      dorsal pars nervosa primarily adjacent to the pars intermedia. A rostral
      projection of CRF-IR fibers is associated with the suprachiasmatic nucleus and
      continues to septal areas. A caudally projecting bundle of fibers was observed
      entering the midbrain in neuropil adjacent to the aqueduct. The location of CRF
      IR components is also compared with those containing vasopressin (AVP).

PMID- 6384954
TI  - Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-like immunoreactivity in the rat central
      nervous system. Extrahypothalamic distribution.
AB  - The distribution of CRF-immunopositive cell bodies and fibers was examined in the
      central nervous system of normal adult male rats and in the brains and spinal
      cords of animals that had been pretreated with intraventricular or local
      injections of colchicine, or had been hypophysectomized (HPX) 3 weeks before
      sacrifice. The detection of CRF immunoreactivity was also facilitated by silver
      gold intensification of the diaminobenzidine end-product. CRF-immunoreactive
      perikarya, neuronal processes and terminals were present in all major
      subdivisions of the rat central nervous system. In addition to the paraventriculo
      infundibular (PV-IN) system [27], cell bodies with CRF immunoreactivity were
      found in the following regions: olfactory bulb, olfactory tubercle, amygdala,
      septum, bed nuclei of the stria terminalis and anterior commissure, nucleus
      accumbens, supraoptic, medial preoptic and periventricular preoptic nuclei,
      cerebral cortex, hippocampus, periaqueductal gray of the mesencephalon and pons,
      raphe nuclei, lateral tegmental nucleus, parabrachial nucleus, cuneiform nuclei,
      locus ceruleus, medial vestibular nucleus, nucleus of the solitary tract, dorsal
      vagal complex and most of the central sensory nuclei. Nerve processes with CRF
      immunoreactivity were observed in all of the above areas as well as in the stria
      terminalis, thalamus, caudate-putamen, zona incerta, and the cerebellum.
      Scattered cell bodies were observed in the spinal cord in the marginal zone of
      the dorsal horn, in laminae VI, VII and X and in the sympathetic
      intermediolateral column. Horizontal transection of the cord revealed that the
      majority of the fibers formed an ascending system located in the lateral
      funiculus, close to the sponithalamic tract. The widespread, but selective
      distribution of neurons containing CRF immunoreactivity supports the
      neuroendocrine role of this peptide and suggests that CRF, similarly to other
      neuropeptides, may also function as a neuromodulator throughout the central
      nervous system.

PMID- 6384955
TI  - Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-like immunoreactivity in the gastro-entero
      pancreatic endocrine system.
AB  - CRF has been detected in the endocrine pancreas by immunocytochemistry with an
      antiserum that recognizes mainly the C-terminal portion of CRF-41. CRF-containing
      cells have been shown to be present in the pancreas of representative species of
      fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals including man. Light and
      electron microscopic observations indicate that the CRF-containing cells in the
      endocrine pancreas are similar to glucagon (A) cells both in their morphology and
      distribution. Individual CRF-containing cells are also found scattered in the
      exocrine pancreas in all species studied. In addition, CRF-containing cells have
      been identified in the human, monkey, cat, and rat stomach and small intestine.
      Recent reports also indicate that CRF-like immunoreactivity is present in the
      circulating blood, the adrenal medulla, and the placenta. Finally, several
      peripheral (pancreas, stomach, colon, lung and thyroid) tumors which produced
      corticotropin-releasing substances have been described by others. Although the
      peripheral actions of CRF are not yet known, these observations indicate that it
      is widely distributed in peripheral tissues and it may also represent a new tumor
      marker.

PMID- 6384956
TI  - Regulatory peptides--the distribution of two newly discovered peptides: PHI and
      NPY.
AB  - PHI (peptide with histidine and isoleucine) and NPY (neuropeptide with tyrosine)
      are recently discovered regulatory peptides. There are close sequence
      similarities between PHI and both growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) and
      vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and between NPY and pancreatic
      polypeptide. Using immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay we have revealed the
      broad distributions of PHI and NPY in neurons of the central nervous system and
      the majority of peripheral tissues. Tissues which are particularly well provided
      with these peptides include gut, pancreas, respiratory tract, skin and the
      genitourinary and cardiovascular systems. In most peripheral tissues, PHI
      containing ganglion cells occur locally. NPY-containing fibres originate in part
      from cell bodies outside the tissues, in the sympathetic nervous system.
      Comparative studies indicate that PHI and VIP are co-stored in the same neurone
      and are identically distributed, thus suggesting the existence of a common
      precursor and subsequent gene duplication. The possible co-existence of
      catecholamines and NPY, suggested by the consistent finding of very similar
      distributions of the two substances, was investigated using antibodies to
      converting enzymes involved in catecholamine synthesis (tyrosine-hydroxylase and
      dopamine-beta-hydroxylase). The two enzymes and NPY were found together in at
      least part of the same neuronal system.

PMID- 6384957
TI  - Psychopharmacology. An historical perspective.
AB  - This article explores the field of psychopharmacology from an historical
      perspective. Part 1 traces the uses throughout history of psychoactive substances
      that are widely abused by modern society. Part 2 examines the development in the
      1950s and 1960s of drugs and other physical methods that have revolutionized the
      treatment of the mentally ill.

PMID- 6384958
TI  - Postmortem studies in psychiatry.
AB  - Neurochemical postmortem examination of brain tissue may never be completely
      replaced as a research tool in psychiatry. This method has already provided
      support for the hypotheses relating norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin,
      peptides, and hemisphere asymmetries to psychiatric syndromes.

PMID- 6384959
TI  - Atypical depression.
AB  - Atypical depressions are those characterized by high levels of phobic anxiety or
      by reversed vegetative symptoms such as hypersomnia and hyperphagia. Patients
      with such depressions may present overtly for treatment. However, they may also
      present within other diagnostic categories such as personality disorder or
      somatic complaints. The comparative roles of monoamine oxidase inhibitors,
      heterocyclic antidepressants, and other biologic treatments for atypical
      depressions are discussed.

PMID- 6384960
TI  - Monoamine oxidase-inhibiting antidepressants. A clinical update.
AB  - This article outlines the latest information on the clinical efficacy of MAOIs
      and provides the physician with guidelines for their safe use. The important side
      effects of this class of drugs are also summarized along with an up-to-date
      account of their possible molecular mechanism of action.

PMID- 6384961
TI  - Lithium.
AB  - Lithium carbonate is the single most important long-term treatment for recurrent
      affective disorders. The side effects of long-term treatment involve mainly the
      renal system, and therefore it is essential that patients be medically monitored
      closely. Lithium intoxication is a serious but largely preventable complication.
      Because its mechanisms of action are unknown, the effective use of lithium
      remains an empirical but essential part of modern psychiatric practice.

PMID- 6384962
TI  - [Hypotensive effect of delayed-action oxprenolol and chlorthalidone in combined
      form in patients with primary arterial hypertension].

PMID- 6384963
TI  - [Hypertension in obesity].

PMID- 6384964
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of the effectiveness and tolerance of praziquantel in Taenia
      saginata taeniasis].

PMID- 6384965
TI  - [Gastrointestinal hemorrhage of unknown etiology].

PMID- 6384966
TI  - [Emergency ultrasonic diagnosis in acute abdomen].

PMID- 6384967
TI  - [Diagnosis of skin diseases in Negroes in Africa].

PMID- 6384968
TI  - [Preliminary evaluation of the effectiveness of specific anti-HBs immunoglobulin
      for prevention of hepatitis B in infants born to mothers who are carriers of
      HBsAg].

PMID- 6384969
TI  - [Screening tests in large-intestinal neoplasms].

PMID- 6384971
TI  - [Advances in the treatment of acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia in adults].

PMID- 6384970
TI  - [Respiratory distress syndrome in adults. New pathogenetic hypotheses and
      therapeutic trends].

PMID- 6384972
TI  - Immunoelectronmicroscopic profile of intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins in B non
      Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas. Comparison with the normal pattern of B lymphoid
      cells.
AB  - An immunoelectronmicroscopic method using Fab fragment of anti human IgG (H + L)
      has been employed to study the localization of cytoplasmic immunoglobulins in the
      tumoral cells of 12 B non Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas (B-M.L.). A comparison
      with normal homologous B lymphoid cells was performed on 10 non tumoral reactive
      lymph nodes. Immunostaining was observed in PNC, RER and Golgi complex. The
      criterions of differentiation were discussed in the different B-M.L.. Because of
      a granular hyaloplasmic immunostaining in normal and tumoral centroblasts and
      immunoblasts, monospecific antibodies against gamma, mu, alpha heavy chains were
      used to rule out a non specific uptake. Presence of mu heavy chain was discussed
      as an argument for immunoglobulin free ribosomal synthesis.

PMID- 6384973
TI  - Fallopian tubal mucosal damage induced experimentally by Escherichia coli in the
      rabbit. A scanning electron microscopic study.
AB  - Pelvic inflammatory disease is the main cause of infertility due to a tubal
      factor. The importance of Gramnegative bacteria as major infecting organisms in
      pelvic inflammatory disease has been recently recognized. The predominant
      facultative pathogen found in tuboperitoneal fluid from women with salpingitis
      are coliform bacteria. This study describes an animal model for E. coli mediated
      tubal mucosa damage. E. coli (10(5)-10(9) bacteria 1 ml) was injected into the
      right Fallopian tube of sixty rabbits; the left tube injected with culture
      medium, served as a control. The luminal surface of the oviducts was examined by
      scanning electron microscope at various intervals after the injection. The degree
      of damage was found to be dose-dependent and maximal seven days after
      innoculation. The injury comprised of large areas of deciliation, severely
      shortened cilia, swollen and adherent throughout their entire length and
      disappearance of microvilli from the secretory cells. A process of regeneration
      began two weeks after the innoculation and was completed eight weeks later.
      Fertility studies carried out after completion of regeneration showed no
      difference in the ratio of corpora lutea/gestational sacs between the treated and
      control sides of individual pregnant animals. This model sheds light on the
      pathogenesis of tubal surface injury by E. coli and suggests that the major
      effects described are mediated through the endotoxin liberated from the cell wall
      of these bacteria and that, therefore, antibiotic treatment has no effect on the
      magnitude of injury. Endosalpingeal regeneration correlates well in this animal
      model with normal fertility suggesting that morphologic integrity of the surface
      epithelium may be a good criterion in assessing the reproductive capacity of the
      fallopian tube.

PMID- 6384974
TI  - Morgagni and the first steps of a European pathology. A brief historical report.

PMID- 6384975
TI  - Clinical applications and value of receptor levels in treatment of prostate
      cancer.
AB  - Factors affecting the validity and interpretation of androgen receptor (AR)
      assays on prostatic carcinoma tissue are discussed, and attempts to relate AR
      concentration with response of the patient to hormonal manipulation are reviewed.
      It is concluded that nuclear AR content may be useful in evaluating prognosis and
      likely response to hormonal therapy, and that, owing to the heterogeneity of many
      prostatic carcinoma specimens, a reliable histochemical method for the assessment
      of androgen sensitivity would be a valuable supplement to the biochemical assay.

PMID- 6384976
TI  - Cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents under development with a possible future role
      in prostate cancer.
AB  - New cytotoxic chemotherapeutic compounds under development or in early clinical
      trial which might be considered for clinical evaluation in prostatic carcinoma
      are discussed. The following classes of agents are considered: lipid-soluble
      antifolates, anthracyclines, nitrosoureas, and platinum analogues. A group of
      miscellaneous compounds is also discussed.

PMID- 6384977
TI  - A mobile mass screening unit for prostatic disease.
AB  - A mobile unit for mass screening of prostatic disease using transrectal
      ultrasonotomography was developed in December 1980. In the following years we
      screened 1,396 males over 55 years of age. We have detected 463 cases [33.2%] of
      benign prostatic hypertrophy [BPH] and eight cases [0.6%] of prostatic cancer.
      The detection rate of BPH and malignancy of the prostate was shown to be very
      high. Thus, the unit promises to be of value in preventative medicine projects
      for prostatic disease in Japan.

PMID- 6384978
TI  - [Transfer ribonucleic acids--25 years of studies].

PMID- 6384979
TI  - [Cell-transforming genes].

PMID- 6384980
TI  - [Enzymes correcting modified bases in DNA: DNA glycosylases, O(6)-methylguanine
      DNA methyltransferase].

PMID- 6384981
TI  - [Ribonucleotide reductase complex].

PMID- 6384983
TI  - Management of hypertension in the elderly. The case for 'hygienic' measures over
      drug therapy.
AB  - Elderly hypertensive patients form a significant part of our population.
      Intensive treatment with hygienic measures such as weight loss in patients over
      ideal weight and dietary salt restriction should be initiated and continued in
      this group with the help of a supportive physician. Such measures are often
      effective in lowering blood pressure and in making patients feel and function
      better. Physicians should realize that a change in lifestyle can be even more
      difficult for an elderly hypertensive than for a middle-aged or younger patient.
      Nonetheless, positive change is obtainable for many patients. Antihypertensive
      drug therapy should be reserved for those patients who, despite continuing
      observance of the hygienic measures for treatment, have diastolic blood pressure
      that is consistently above the 105 to 110 mm Hg range.

PMID- 6384982
TI  - Inhalation challenge testing for asthma. Role of bronchial provocation tests in
      clinical practice.

PMID- 6384984
TI  - Hypothalamic hypopituitarism in a patient with a basal encephalocoele--treatment
      with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.
AB  - A 20-year-old patient presented with primary amenorrhoea and growth hormone
      deficiency caused by a basal encephalocoele. She was found to have developed
      diabetes insipidus in the 8 years following diagnosis. Gonadotrophin release in
      response to bolus injection of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) was
      normal, as was thyrotrophin and adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) secretion. Pulsatile
      administration of LHRH by the subcutaneous route resulted in normal ovulation and
      subsequent menstruation. The investigation and management of patients with basal
      encephalocoeles are discussed in the light of these findings.

PMID- 6384985
TI  - Effect of Eimeria tenella infection in chickens fed the feed artificially
      contaminated with Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - Effect of Eimeria tenella infection on Salmonella typhimurium infection of
      chickens was tested using feed experimentally contaminated with S. typhimurium.
      Four experiments were conducted. In Experiments 1 and 2, chickens received feed
      contaminated with 10(3) or 10(2) cfu of S. typhimurium per g for 5 days after E.
      tenella infection. In Experiments 3 and 4, chickens were fed feed contaminated
      with 10(2) or 10 cfu of S. typhimurium per g for 3 days before E. tenella
      infection. In all experiments, chickens were necropsied 3 to 14 days after E.
      tenella infection. The number of S. typhimurium in the cecal contents was counted
      and the presence of the organism in the liver and bile was examined. In
      Experiments 1 and 2, there was no significant difference in S. typhimurium
      infection between the group infected with S. typhimurium alone and the group
      infected with both E. tenella and S. typhimurium. In Experiments 3 and 4, S.
      typhimurium counts in the cecal contents of chickens in the concurrently infected
      group were significantly greater than those of chickens in the S. typhimurium
      alone-infected group.

PMID- 6384986
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 6384987
TI  - Hyperbaric oxygen treatment for multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 6384988
TI  - [Experiences with one-stage prosthetic reconstruction of the dentition].

PMID- 6384989
TI  - [The technology of placing removable dentures].

PMID- 6384990
TI  - [Adhesion of complete dentures].

PMID- 6384991
TI  - [Vescicular diseases of the pemphigus and pemphigoid group in the oral cavity].

PMID- 6384992
TI  - [The cardiohistiocyte--a resident macrophage. Studies on the morphology and
      immunology of abacterial thrombendocarditis].

PMID- 6384993
TI  - [Progress in cytologic methods in forensic pathology].

PMID- 6384994
TI  - [Frequency and distribution of IgE containing cells in the gastric mucosa].

PMID- 6384995
TI  - [Sheehan syndrome with fatal course. Morphologic and immunohistologic studies of
      a case].

PMID- 6384996
TI  - [Immunohistochemical methods for the diagnosis of soft tissue neoplasms].

PMID- 6384997
TI  - Isolation of insulin-like growth Factors I and II from human plasma.
AB  - Insulin-like growth factors I and II have been isolated from Cohn fraction IV-1
      of human plasma using gel permeation chromatography, ion exchange chromatography,
      reversed phase chromatography, isoelectric focusing (IEF) and high performance
      liquid chromatography(HPLC). IGF I of specific activity 89 U/g, as measured by
      the isolated rat adipocyte assay, and IGF II, of specific activity 78 U/g, were
      obtained in yields of 16 micrograms and 34 micrograms respectively per 100g of
      Cohn fraction. Although this process yields IGF I which is contaminated with IGF
      II (due to the relatively large amount of the latter present in the original
      plasma), the IGF II preparations appear to be relatively free from IGF I. This
      separation was mainly achieved with IEF since the two factors elute close
      together on HPLC. Nevertheless, HPLC is important for their subsequent
      purification. The process is thus especially suitable for the preparation of IGF
      II and appears to give better yields than those obtained by earlier methods which
      used acid-ethanol extraction, gel permeation chromatography and polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 6384998
TI  - An evaluation of methods used to prepare yeast mitochondria for transcriptional
      studies.
AB  - This report describes experiments which compare conditions necessary to isolate
      mitochondria uncontaminated with nuclear chromatin using a KDL grinding mill.

PMID- 6384999
TI  - Mechanism of protein hydrophobic chromatography. Protein unfolding and its
      contribution to effective hydrophobicity.
AB  - Several different monomeric proteins with either one or two domains were used to
      study the effect of protein unfolding on effective hydrophobicity of proteins.
      Protein unfolding was inhibited by cross-linking with either toluene di
      isocyanate or glutaraldehyde. The native enzyme was much more readily bound to
      the hydrophobic resin than the cross-linked species. The ligand, 3
      phosphoglycerate, significantly decreased the amount of phosphoglycerate kinase
      able to bind to octyl-Sepharose. Sucrose also caused a statistically significant
      decrease in protein binding to the hydrophobic resin. These studies support the
      concept that the degree of protein unfolding influences effective hydrophobicity
      as measured by retention on octyl-Sepharose.

PMID- 6385000
TI  - [Review of doctoral dissertations on the problem of phthisiology approved by the
      Higher Certifying Commission of the USSR in 1983].

PMID- 6385001
TI  - [Development of phthisiourology in the Ukraine (1922-1982)].

PMID- 6385002
TI  - Light, electron and immunofluorescence microscopic features of oral lichen
      planus, lupus erythematosus and leukoplakia. A review.

PMID- 6385003
TI  - Lumen formation and redistribution of inframembranous proteins during
      differentiation of ducts in the rat mammary gland.
AB  - During the development of the rat mammary gland, ducts are formed from end-buds,
      which contain the stem cells. In this process a lumen is formed in the semisolid
      mass of the end-bud, and the cells acquire polarity. We have studied this process
      by following the localization of three inframembranous proteins present in the
      cells of both end-buds and ducts: microvillin, the microvillar protein p80, and
      the desmosomal plaque protein p205. We find that the development of ducts is
      accompanied by a redistribution of these proteins, which in immature parts of the
      end-buds are found together in the cell. Microvillin and p80 go together to the
      apical pole of the cells, in contact with the lumen, whereas p205 goes to the
      basal surface, in contact with cells of the myoepithelial lineage. The
      acquisition of polarity occurs at the same time as a lumen begins to form by
      local gaps between cells. It seems likely that the redistribution of the
      inframembraneous proteins is the consequence of the localization of surface
      glycoproteins that affect in opposite ways the adhesion between the cells.

PMID- 6385004
TI  - Localization of the gangliosides GD2 and GD3 in adhesion plaques and on the
      surface of human melanoma cells.
AB  - The predominant gangliosides produced by two cultured human melanoma cell lines
      are GD3 and/or GD2. These gangliosides were found to be cell associated and
      present in substratum-attached material after cell removal by EDTA. Monoclonal
      antibodies directed to GD2 and GD3 specified the cell-surface distribution of
      these gangliosides and localized them in focal adhesion plaques at the interface
      of cells and their substratum. These attachment sites did not represent
      indiscriminant membrane fragments remaining after removal of cells with EDTA,
      because neither melanoma-associated proteoglycan nor class I histocompatibility
      antigens were detected by their respective antibodies. Our data suggest that the
      disialogangliosides GD2 and GD3 may be involved in the interaction between human
      melanoma cells and solid substrata.

PMID- 6385005
TI  - Involvement of the carboxyl-terminal domain of tubulin in the regulation of its
      assembly.
AB  - Limited proteolysis of phosphocellulose-purified tubulin with subtilisin resulted
      in cleavage of both alpha and beta tubulin subunits, with the formation of two
      major fragments (S alpha, and S beta, 48 kDa) and a small peptide (4 kDa)
      containing the carboxyl-terminal region of tubulin. Interestingly, tubulin
      cleaved under the present conditions showed an increased ability to assemble into
      large polymers in the absence of MAPs and under conditions that do not promote
      assembly of undigested tubulin--i.e., low magnesium concentrations and the
      absence of taxol and polyalcohols. The critical concentrations for the subtilisin
      cleaved tubulin assembly was similar to that of MAPs-promoted tubulin assembly.
      Assembly product from subtilisin-cleaved tubulin consisted mainly of
      protofilament bundles, hooked polymer, and open tubules, structures showing
      equatorial and longitudinal spacings of 50 and 40 A, respectively. The existence
      of junctions between polymer walls indicates that the carboxyl-terminal removal
      facilitates polymer-polymer interactions. These results, together with previous
      studies on the involvement of the carboxyl-terminal domain of tubulin in its
      interaction with MAP-2, suggest a regulatory role for this domain in tubulin
      assembly. Thus, in general terms the tubulin molecule can be analyzed as a
      protein containing two essential domains with functional significance, one domain
      playing a major role in self-association and the other (the carboxyl-terminal
      moiety) playing a regulatory role in modulating the interactions responsible for
      self-association.

PMID- 6385006
TI  - erythro-9-[3-(2-Hydroxynonyl)]adenine is an effective inhibitor of cell motility
      and actin assembly.
AB  - erythro-9-[3-(2-Hydroxynonyl)]adenine (EHNA) has been reported previously to be
      an agent that arrests sperm motility by inhibiting the axonemal dynein ATPase
      activity and has been used to probe the involvement of putative cytoplasmic
      dyneins in mitosis and intracellular organelle transport. We report here that
      EHNA profoundly and reversibly affects several actin-dependent processes, both in
      vivo and in vitro. It induces dramatic changes in actin organization in cultured
      cells, inhibits cell translocation, blocks actin-dependent cytoplasmic streaming,
      interferes with actin-dependent gelation of cytoplasmic extracts, and inhibits
      actin assembly. Just as the cytochalasins, EHNA appears to be a highly effective
      inhibitor of actin-based motility, whose effects in complex biological systems
      should be interpreted with caution.

PMID- 6385007
TI  - Evidence for physiological function of epidermal growth factor: pregestational
      sialoadenectomy of mice decreases milk production and increases offspring
      mortality during lactation period.
AB  - Female virgin mice, whose submandibular glands were removed, underwent normal
      pregnancy and delivery. During the nursing period, however, a substantial number
      of pups born to and nursed by sialoadenectomized mothers died within 5 days of
      birth, whereas this did not occur among pups born to normal mothers. Cross-foster
      nursing experiments indicated that the cause of death of pups was to be found in
      sialoadenectomized mothers, not in the pups. The capacity of the
      sialoadenectomized mothers to nurse pups was much less than that of normal
      mothers, as shown by experiments involving alterations in the number of pups
      nursed by both sialoadenectomized and normal mothers. The mammary gland of
      lactating sialoadenectomized mice was smaller in size and produced less milk
      compared with that of normal mice. No apparent qualitative difference in milk
      proteins was found in the milk produced by the two groups of mothers. The
      decreased growth of the mammary gland of sialoadenectomized mice was also
      manifested during the second half of pregnancy, and mammary explants from those
      mice synthesized less casein in response to lactogenic stimuli, insulin,
      cortisol, and prolactin, in an organ culture system, when compared with mammary
      explants from normal pregnant mice. When epidermal growth factor, a polypeptide
      hormone that is synthesized and secreted by the submandibular gland, was injected
      daily at a dose of 5 micrograms into sialoadenectomized pregnant mice, the
      survival rate of the pups nursed by their mothers increased to the value obtained
      with normal mothers. The results were discussed in terms of a possible role of
      the submandibular gland and epidermal growth factor in the development of the
      mammary gland.

PMID- 6385008
TI  - Demonstration of two operator elements in gal: in vitro repressor binding
      studies.
AB  - Genetic and DNA base sequence analyses of cis-dominant mutations that derepress
      the gal operon of Escherichia coli suggested the existence of two operator loci
      needed for gal repression. One (OE) is located immediately upstream to the two
      overlapping gal promoters and the other (OI) is inside the first structural gene.
      We have investigated the ability of wild-type and mutant OE and OI DNA sequences
      to bind to gal repressor. The repressor has been purified from cells containing a
      multicopy plasmid in which the repressor gene is brought under the control of
      phage lambda PL promoter. The DNA-repressor interactions are detected by the
      change in electrophoretic mobility of labeled DNA that accompanies its complex
      formation with repressor protein. The purified repressor shows concentration
      dependent binding to both O+E and O+I but not to OEc and OIc sequences. These
      results authenticate the proposed operator role of the two homologous gal DNA
      control elements and thereby establish that the negative control of the gal
      operon requires repressor binding at both OE and OI, which are separated by
      greater than 90 base pairs.

PMID- 6385009
TI  - Oxygen regulation of anaerobic and aerobic genes mediated by a common factor in
      yeast.
AB  - The expression of a number of yeast genes is regulated by oxygen levels. While
      many of these are known to be induced in the presence of oxygen, we have
      described a gene, ANB1, that responds in the opposite fashion, being expressed
      only under anaerobic conditions. To identify genes involved in regulation of ANB1
      and other oxygen-regulated genes, we selected mutations causing constitutive
      expression of ANB1, using a fusion of the ANB1 modulator segment to the CYC1
      gene. A number of trans-acting mutations affecting a gene designated ROX1 caused
      constitutive expression of both the fused and wild-type genes, indicating that
      the ROX1 gene product operates through the ANB1 modulator sequence at the level
      of transcription. The mutant alleles of ROX1 fall into two phenotypic classes.
      The rox1-a class is semi-dominant, and the rox1-b class is recessive. One mutant,
      rox1-a1, is pleiotropic and causes constitutive expression of three oxygen
      induced genes--CYC1, SOD (superoxide dismutase), and tr-1 (an oxygen-induced gene
      with homology to ANB1)--as well as constitutive expression of the oxygen
      repressed ANB1 gene. Alleles of the rox1-b class cause constitutive expression of
      ANB1 but do not affect expression of the oxygen-induced genes tested. The
      pleiotropy of the rox1-a1 mutant indicates that the ROX1 gene product is involved
      in coordinate expression of both oxygen-induced and oxygen-repressed genes.

PMID- 6385010
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies distinguish subtypes of retinal horizontal cells.
AB  - Sixteen hybridomas have been identified that secrete antibodies specific to
      horizontal cells in the carp retina. The hybridomas have been classified into
      three groups based on their antibody staining patterns: group I, staining
      associated with all horizontal cells; group II, staining associated with the most
      abundant subtype of horizontal cell (CH1); and group III, staining associated
      with other subtypes of horizontal cells. Most of the hybridomas fall in group II;
      some of these antibodies stain the entire horizontal cell, but others are
      specific only to the cell perikarya and do not stain axonal processes. Our
      results suggest that there are surface molecules specific (i) to all retinal
      horizontal cells, (ii) to individual subtypes of horizontal cells, and (iii) to
      portions of horizontal cells. Furthermore, a group II antibody, which recognizes
      a 48- to 50-kDa membrane protein, has been found to provide a substrate selective
      for horizontal cell growth. Horizontal cells plated on coverslips coated with
      this antibody remain healthy in culture and extend long and elaborate processes
      for at least 3 weeks.

PMID- 6385011
TI  - Homing receptors as functional markers for classification, prognosis, and therapy
      of leukemias and lymphomas.

PMID- 6385012
TI  - Long-term superfusion of rat pituitary cells: interaction of 17 beta-estradiol
      with pulses of gonadotropin-releasing hormone on luteinizing hormone release.
AB  - In a series of four experiments, the temporal development of acute inhibitory and
      delayed stimulatory effects of 17 beta-estradiol (E) on luteinizing hormone (LH)
      release by superfused rat anterior pituitary cells pulsed with gonadotropin
      releasing hormone (GnRH) was studied. Dispersed anterior pituitary cells from
      ovariectomized rats were cultured on Bio-Beads for 3 days and then placed in
      columns and superfused for up to 24 hr. During superfusion, the cells were
      exposed to GnRH pulses (3 X 10(-9) M, one 6-min pulse/hr). Cells treated with E
      (3 X 10(-10) M) either before (only 24 hr prior to superfusion) or before and
      during superfusion released significantly (P less than 0.05) more LH in response
      to the first few pulses of GnRH than cells treated with diluent. In contrast,
      cells treated with E only during superfusion initially released less GnRH-induced
      LH than cells treated with diluent. In a subsequent experiment, the inhibitory
      effect of E reached a maximum by 1.5 hr (P less than 0.01), and then gradually
      disappeared after 4.5 hr. Cells superfused simultaneously with E and fixed "low"
      dose GnRH (5 X 10(-10) M) pulses did not exhibit enhanced LH responses with time
      to that dose of GnRH. However, E-superfused cells responded more than diluent
      superfused cells to subsequent stimulation with a higher-dose GnRH pulse.
      Superfusion of cells with E for 16.5 hr in the absence of GnRH pulses also did
      not increase release of LH to low-dose (5 X 10(-10) M) pulses of GnRH, yet did
      cause a transitory increase to subsequent high-dose (10(-8) M) GnRH pulses. In
      conclusion, these results demonstrate the direct biphasic inhibitory then
      stimulatory effects of E on GnRH-induced LH release by superfused rat anterior
      pituitary cells. Expression of the stimulatory effect of E is related to the dose
      of GnRH.

PMID- 6385014
TI  - Mutagenesis of Escherichia coli (CSH50) by asbestos.
AB  - The mutagenic character of richterite asbestos was detected in Escherichia coli
      strain CSH50, using a modified Ames test. Two sets of experimental plates which
      contained naturally occurring asbestos were used, to one set of which S-9 rat
      liver homogenate was added. Control plates contained no asbestos. Mutant colonies
      appeared in significantly greater frequency in both experimental sets as compared
      with controls, and experimental plates with rat liver homogenate contained the
      greatest number of mutant colonies. It is postulated that enzymes contained in
      rat liver metabolize some unknown mutagen introduced with the natural asbestos
      sample other than the inert richterite fibers themselves. This finding, together
      with the unlikelihood that bacterial cell walls could be easily penetrated by
      asbestos fibers, tends to negate fiber penetration as the mechanism of
      mutagenesis. The mutagenic mechanism operative in E. coli (CSH50) may be
      applicable to animal cell systems.

PMID- 6385013
TI  - Gonadotropin-dependent renin in the rat testes.
AB  - Using specific anti-rat renal renin antibody, the presence of renin in the rat
      testis was demonstrated by biochemical determination of renin activity. There was
      no correlation between testicular and plasma renin activity, indicating
      independent control of testicular and plasma renin levels. Since specific
      immunohistochemical staining for renin had been observed exclusively in Leydig
      cells, the effects of hypophysectomy and gonadotropin treatment on the testicular
      renin were investigated. After hypophysectomy, renin level in the testis
      decreased significantly, whereas plasma renin was slightly increased. In
      contrast, testicular renin had remarkably increased through gonadotropin
      treatment. The results indicate the presence of gonadotropin-dependent renin in
      the Leydig cells, and suggest a role for it in regulating testicular functions.

PMID- 6385015
TI  - Anergy. The mysterious loss of immunological energy.

PMID- 6385016
TI  - Cellular immune responses in systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 6385017
TI  - Bactericidal activity of Limulus lectins and amebocytes.

PMID- 6385019
TI  - Immunologic methods to assess immune competence in domesticated animals.

PMID- 6385018
TI  - Crab lectins: receptor specificity and biomedical applications.

PMID- 6385020
TI  - Immunomodulation by novel antimalarial chemotherapeutic agents.

PMID- 6385022
TI  - Bladder cancer in the pre-cystoscopic era.

PMID- 6385021
TI  - Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAH) as immunotoxicants.

PMID- 6385023
TI  - Immunological status of patients with bladder cancers (transitional cell
      tumours).

PMID- 6385024
TI  - Experimental studies on intravesical ultrasonography.

PMID- 6385025
TI  - Transurethral sonography--a non-invasive method to determine the infiltration of
      bladder tumors.

PMID- 6385026
TI  - Operative ultrasonography in bladder cancer (three year experience of 60 cases).

PMID- 6385027
TI  - Immunofluorescent study of A.B.H. surface antigens, their precursor and the
      C.E.A. antigen. The prognostic value of their presence or absence in superficial
      bladder tumours.

PMID- 6385028
TI  - Results and follow-up of bladder tumors following transurethral resection.

PMID- 6385029
TI  - Salicylanilides in the treatment of helminth diseases.

PMID- 6385030
TI  - Techniques of in vivo neutron activation analysis.

PMID- 6385031
TI  - Modifying factors of the cellular concentration of photolyase molecules in
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae--II. Effects of preillumination with light flashes.

PMID- 6385032
TI  - Quantitation of the photomutagenic response of Salmonella to an Eastern shale oil
      and fluorescent light.

PMID- 6385033
TI  - P-Aminobenzoic acid can sensitize the formation of pyrimidine dimers in DNA:
      direct chemical evidence.

PMID- 6385034
TI  - Binding of NADH to horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase: dependence on concentration
      of benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol.
AB  - Equilibrium titration measurements of NAD+ and NADH in the presence of
      stoichiometric amounts of liver alcohol dehydrogenase (10(-6)N less than enzyme =
      coenzyme less than 10(-4)N) have been carried out by using the couple of
      substrates benzyl alcohol-benzaldehyde, at pH 7.0 and 8.75, in the absence and in
      the presence of isobutyramide. The results obtained have been unsuccessfully
      analyzed on the basis of the widely accepted compulsory order model which assumes
      functional equivalence and independence of the enzyme sites.

PMID- 6385035
TI  - A 31P NMR study on uptake and metabolism of hexose monophosphates in rat
      diaphragm muscle.
AB  - Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to study uptake and
      metabolic conversion of glycolytic intermediates in rat diaphragm muscles. The
      resonances of several phosphorus-containing metabolites were identified in the
      intact tissues and in their ethanolic extracts. Experiments on muscles
      preincubated with glucose 6-phosphate or glucose 1-phosphate indicated that: 1)
      both substrates penetrate into the tissue and actively participate in glycolytic
      reactions; 2) glucose 1-phosphate is completely converted into other metabolites,
      including glucose 6-phosphate and its products; 3) preincubation with either
      hexose monophosphate in the presence or in the absence of insulin produced the
      same set of phosphorylated metabolites. Addition of insulin to preincubation
      media induced a conspicuous spread of chemical shifts in the band arising from
      phosphorylated sugars in tissues incubated with glucose 1-phosphate but not in
      those treated with glucose 6-phosphate. The different responses to insulin
      exhibited by the 31P n.m.r. spectral profiles of tissues incubated with the two
      substrates substantiate the hypothesis that glucose 6-phosphate and its products
      may undergo their metabolic conversions in the tissue along distinct
      intracellular enzymatic pathways, on which insulin would exert different
      regulatory effects. This study indicates that 31P n.m.r. may provide a useful
      approach to the elucidation of metabolic processes involving sugar phosphates in
      intact tissues.

PMID- 6385036
TI  - Circadian oscillations of thyroid hormones, insulin and glucagon in the blood of
      laboratory rats in the course of the year.
AB  - The concentration of thyroid hormones and insulin in the serum that of glucagon
      in the plasma and glucose in the blood was determined at 3-hour intervals, in the
      course of one day, at different times of the year, in adult male rats (Wistar
      strain) of a conventional breed kept under standard conditions with a 12:12 h
      light:dark regimen. The lowest thyroid hormone and glucagon concentrations and
      the highest insulin and blood glucose levels were found in the winter. In various
      seasons, circadian oscillations of the thyroid hormones culminated in the dark
      part of the day and that of glucagon in the light part, with the exception of the
      autumn. Circadian oscillation of insulin levels culminated at different times of
      day during the year. The pronounced changes found in the examined hormones in the
      laboratory rat at various times of the year are evidently the outcome of
      adaptation to changes in external environmental conditions during phylogenesis.
      In the polarity of changes in these indicators between the winter and the summer
      or the spring, the laboratory rat bears the closest resemblance to wild mammals.

PMID- 6385037
TI  - Temporoparietal free fascia grafts in rhinoplasty.
AB  - The temporoparietal fascial graft provides adequate coverage, contour, and bulk
      on the cartilage dorsum of the nose, as well as an inconspicuous donor site. In
      my opinion, this technique not only prevents the occurrence of noticeable sharp
      edges of the cartilage graft, but also adds to the smooth contour of the
      reconstructed nasal dorsum. The improved results either in primary and secondary
      rhinoplasty would seem to justify this technique. Some variations in fascia
      grafts are presented with clinical examples.

PMID- 6385038
TI  - Continuous sutures for microarterial end-to-side anastomoses.
AB  - A continuous suture technique for end-to-side microarterial anastomoses has been
      developed and tested in an experimental model on rat common carotid arteries.

PMID- 6385039
TI  - The safety and efficacy of breast implants for augmentation mammaplasty.
AB  - This review of the efficacy and safety of breast implants was intended to focus
      on our current body of knowledge about these devices. There are informational
      gaps, but not all of these can be laid at the door of imperfect studies or failed
      scientific methods. Certain properties of the implants are still unmeasurable,
      immunologic investigation is still evolving, the cause of wound contraction is
      inexplicable here or in the burnscar contracture, and the indications for and
      results of this surgery necessarily are subjective. Still, there are a number of
      investigative avenues open to us, and our cumulative experience shows no
      reluctance on the part of plastic surgeons to initiate further studies.

PMID- 6385040
TI  - Ernst Blasius's contributions to plastic surgery.
AB  - Blasius was a famous teacher and surgeon. Apart from his own writings on surgery
      and his new methods for reconstructions, such as the replacement of nose, lips,
      and eyelids, some theses were also inspired by him. His main work is his three
      volume Handbuch der Akiurgie, to which he added an excellent atlas, from which a
      few illustrations are presented here. His books dealt not only with
      reconstructive problems, but also with almost every surgical event, e.g.,
      amputations, laparotomy, dental extraction, and so on. Blasius's efforts were
      concerned with overcoming and preventing the worsening of the shape of newly
      reconstructed noses, lips, and eyelids due to secondarily healed scars, which was
      the common practice of the great surgeons of his time, such as von Graefe and
      Dieffenbach. Therefore, his efforts were toward the primary closure of wounds. In
      rhinoplasty, Blasius extended the forehead flap into three long points, and then
      extensions were made by infolding them. Furthermore, he mentioned the first use
      of a nasolabial flap to reconstruct the lower eyelid. Moreover, Blasius laid down
      basic principles in flap surgery, such as the V-Y plasty and probably the
      earliest record of the Z-plasty. His publications and illustrations give an
      excellent picture of the great advances made by him during the first half of the
      nineteenth century, thus making him an important contributor to the renaissance
      of plastic surgery.

PMID- 6385041
TI  - Persistent and recurrent otitis media. A review of the "otitis-prone" condition.
AB  - The otitis-prone child is frequently encountered by the family practitioner.
      Current concepts of epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of persistent
      and recurrent middle ear effusions are reviewed.

PMID- 6385042
TI  - [Kraepelin's psychiatric treatment method based on his life reflections].
AB  - Kraepelin's therapeutic arsenal was rather small compared with our present
      possibilities. In the beginning of his psychiatric activity Kraepelin was
      confronted with desolate conditions in mental hospitals. He overcame this
      situation successfully and initiated methods of treatment which in some respects
      could be model up to the present time. Above all, worthwhile noting, in this
      context, is Kraepelin's emphatic refusing of restraint and isolation.

PMID- 6385043
TI  - [Franz Joseph Gall and Johann Kaspar Spurzheim--forerunners of biological
      psychiatry].
AB  - Gall (1758-1828) and Spurzheim (1776-1832) were among those who developed the
      basic ideas of biological psychiatry. They attempted to identify a relationship
      between the structure and function of the brain. Although this led to speculation
      regarding physiognosis, it simultaneously represented a decisive step towards a
      scientific approach in psychiatry, which was then in its infancy. The patient was
      freed of gult. Mental illnesses were considered to be healable, because they were
      of organic origin, and this led to therapeutic optimism. The emphasis placed on
      endogenic factors, however, nourished biologistic views.

PMID- 6385044
TI  - Effect of television violence on aggressiveness.

PMID- 6385045
TI  - Hemispheric specialization and ear advantages in processing speech.

PMID- 6385046
TI  - Lexical ambiguity and its role in models of word recognition.

PMID- 6385047
TI  - On short and long auditory stores.

PMID- 6385048
TI  - Perceptual restoration of obliterated sounds.

PMID- 6385049
TI  - Self-deprivation: a review.

PMID- 6385050
TI  - Gender differences on the Cognitive-Somatic Anxiety Questionnaire.

PMID- 6385051
TI  - Psychological and physiological effects of relaxation and nitrous oxide training.

PMID- 6385052
TI  - [Use of projective picture material in psychotherapy].

PMID- 6385053
TI  - Crystal deposition and inflammation.

PMID- 6385056
TI  - [Bonding of chemically activated acrylic resin restorations].

PMID- 6385054
TI  - Shock lungs: the post-traumatic respiratory distress syndrome.

PMID- 6385055
TI  - Can ultrasound and computed tomography replace high-dose urography in patients
      with impaired renal function?
AB  - Ninety-one patients with unexplained impaired renal function were investigated by
      high-dose urography, ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) without contrast.
      The aim was to evaluate the role of ultrasound and CT in renal failure, in
      particular their ability to define renal length and to show collecting system
      dilatation. In the majority of patients, renal length could be measured
      accurately by ultrasound. Measurements were less that those at urography because
      of the absence of magnification. Renal measurement by CT was not a sufficiently
      accurate indicator of renal length to be of clinical use. Both ultrasound and CT
      were sensitive detectors of collecting system dilatation: neither technique
      missed any case diagnosed by urography. However, in the presence of staghorn
      calculi or multiple cysts, neither ultrasound nor CT could exclude collecting
      system dilatation. CT was the only technique which demonstrated retroperitoneal
      nodes or fibrosis causing obstruction. It is proposed that the first
      investigation when renal function is impaired should be ultrasound, with plain
      films and renal tomograms to show calculi. CT should be reserved for those
      patients in whom ultrasound is not diagnostic or in whom ultrasound shows
      collecting system dilatation but does not demonstrate the cause. Using this
      scheme, ultrasound, plain radiography and CT would have demonstrated collecting
      system dilatation and, where appropriate, shown the cause of obstruction in 84
      per cent of patients in this series. Only 16 per cent of patients would have
      required either high-dose urography or retrograde ureterograms.

PMID- 6385057
TI  - The reaction of the psoralens with deoxyribonucleic acid.

PMID- 6385058
TI  - [Clinical experiences with a non-precious metal alloy combination framework
      design (I)].

PMID- 6385059
TI  - [The bonded bridges. Nomenclature, indications and contraindications].

PMID- 6385060
TI  - [Immediate treatment of a traumatically lost upper left 2nd incisor and the
      fractured edges of the upper central 1st incisors using an acid etch technic].

PMID- 6385061
TI  - [Rational occlusal adjustment of models for single restorations].

PMID- 6385062
TI  - [Clinical experiences with a nonprecious metal alloy in combination framework
      design (II)].

PMID- 6385063
TI  - [Radiographic control of the cast framework in dental practice].

PMID- 6385064
TI  - [Expansion of the therapeutic spectrum using various applications of endosseous
      implants (III)].

PMID- 6385065
TI  - [The Poveromo attachment--an attachment with adjustable friction].

PMID- 6385067
TI  - [Expansion of the therapeutic spectrum using various applications of endosseous
      implants (IV)].

PMID- 6385066
TI  - [Preparation of post-anchored reconstructions using the Para-Post system].

PMID- 6385068
TI  - [A ground devitalized deciduous molar as an abutment for a fixed bridge--an
      example].

PMID- 6385069
TI  - [Importance of provisional synthetic bridges].

PMID- 6385070
TI  - [Clinical multicenter testing of various indications for denture adhesives].

PMID- 6385071
TI  - [Basic knowledge: prosthetics].

PMID- 6385072
TI  - [Investment of impressions for model preparation: an alternative technic].

PMID- 6385073
TI  - [Use of stereomicroscopes for improved marginal fit of metalloceramics (I)].

PMID- 6385074
TI  - [The dimensional stability of phosphate-containing investment materials (I)].

PMID- 6385075
TI  - [New type of double flash attachment as applied to dental technical photographic
      documentation].

PMID- 6385076
TI  - [The Brinkman-Putenat ball rotation system].

PMID- 6385077
TI  - [Esthetic dentures as to harmony and design].

PMID- 6385078
TI  - [Preparation of a 4-part removable bridge with the use of the Claas-Hinrichs
      Heraeus swing-lock bar].

PMID- 6385079
TI  - [Use of stereomicroscopes for improved marginal fit of metalloceramics (II)].

PMID- 6385080
TI  - [Basic principles of finishing ceramic bridges. I: Modelling the frame].

PMID- 6385081
TI  - [The dimensional stability of phosphate-containing investment materials (II)].

PMID- 6385082
TI  - [Thoughts on occlusion and their implementation in precious metals].

PMID- 6385083
TI  - [Experiences with chromium-cobalt bonding of metalloceramic facings on chromium
      cobalt alloys].

PMID- 6385084
TI  - [Precision-measurable improved technic for the preparation of inlays and crowns.
      Practical directions (I)].

PMID- 6385085
TI  - [Basic principles for the finishing of porcelain bridges. II: Finishing the
      frame].

PMID- 6385086
TI  - [Preparation of cost-effective dimensionally stable milling post].

PMID- 6385087
TI  - [Rational use of a customized articulator between the dental office and the
      dental laboratory].

PMID- 6385088
TI  - [Finishing the post of a titanium plasma-coated Ledermann screw implant in the
      interforaminal region (I)].

PMID- 6385089
TI  - [Precision-measurable improved technic for the preparation of inlays and crowns.
      Practical directions (II)].

PMID- 6385090
TI  - [Basic principles for the finishing of porcelain bridges. III: Baking the base
      and shoulder sections].

PMID- 6385091
TI  - [Observations on the value of non-precious metal alloys as frameworks from the
      mechanical viewpoint].

PMID- 6385092
TI  - [Increased elasticity module of non-precious metal dental casting materials as a
      very dangerous property of the metalloceramic combination].

PMID- 6385093
TI  - [Finishing the post of a titanium plasma-coated Ledermann screw implant in
      interforaminal region (II)].

PMID- 6385094
TI  - [System for the preparation of precision stone dies without pins or paralleling
      preparation (I)].

PMID- 6385095
TI  - [Basic principles for the finishing of porcelain bridges. IV: 3-coating technic].

PMID- 6385097
TI  - 'Teach-in' on Doppler techniques of ultrasound.

PMID- 6385098
TI  - [Indications for medical radiation procedures and the possibility of limiting
      values for radiation exposure of patients].

PMID- 6385096
TI  - We care.

PMID- 6385099
TI  - [Headache from the neurological point of view].
AB  - After a short review of the most important clinical signs of headaches including
      history and dynamic course as well as diagnostic management a systematic
      presentation of the most common neurological headache forms is given with the aid
      of tabular surveys. Considered are: psychogenic headache, tension headache,
      migraine including its special forms, cluster headache, headache associated with
      giant cell arteritis, meningeal irritation or space occupying cerebral lesions,
      trigeminal neuralgia and posttraumatic headache. Some less common special forms
      like the low spinal fluid pressure syndrome or the Tolosa Hunt syndrome are
      briefly discussed.

PMID- 6385100
TI  - [Conventional roentgen diagnosis and computed tomography of the temperomandibular
      joint in myoarthropathy].
AB  - Clinical utilization of the high resolution, thin-slice CT (slice thickness: 1
      mm) makes it possible to systemize the bony structure changes of the joint
      correlated with disfunctions. Using this technique total evaluations of this
      complex can be made. In patients suffering from myoarthropathy, the partially
      typical changes in both the functional anatomy, as well as in form, structure and
      topography of specific regions of the joint can be viewed objectively. The
      alteration process of the temporomandibular joint is considered causal in
      connection with muscular disfunctions, which often lay the foundation for chronic
      pain conditions in the regions of the face and head. The broad spectrum of
      conventional radiographic techniques documents, on one hand, the extremely
      unfavorable anatomy of the temporomandibular joint with regard to radiography. On
      the other hand, it also implies a certain amount of diagnostic uncertainty in
      this region. Comment is made concerning the informational value as well as the
      limits of the most important radiologic techniques. It is of utmost importance to
      evaluate the radiographic findings of the temporomandibular joint in
      myoarthropathies with a clinical functional analysis, which is easy to carry out.

PMID- 6385101
TI  - [Headache of cervical origin].
AB  - The authors recall cervical etiologies of headache. They distinguish on the one
      hand the cervico-occipital region with minor and major malformations and acquired
      lesions, and on the other hand the middle and inferior cervical segment. They
      also recall the original structuralist analysis of the cervical spine and give
      the example of the "cervical triplet".

PMID- 6385102
TI  - [Headaches caused by ENT diseases].
AB  - Headaches are a frequent symptom in ENT-patients. The complex sensory innervation
      of the ear, nose and paranasal sinuses is demonstrated. Heterotopic or referred
      pain must be differentiated from homotopic pain that is experienced at the point
      of injury. The nervous pathways of heterotopic otalgia are shown. The quality of
      pain of the most common rhinological and otological diseases is reported.

PMID- 6385103
TI  - [Lymphographic detection of a vertebral lymphangioma].
AB  - A case of lymphangioma of the 11th and 12th thoracic vertebral body with
      considerable diagnostic difficulties is reported. The course of the disease could
      be followed roentgenographically for six years backwards. The diagnosis is
      confirmed by lymphangiography: lymphographic contrast medium can be demonstrated
      within the vertebral spongiosa. In the last months, an osteolysis of the right
      11th rib was observed, being in the immediate neighbourhood of the vertebral
      lesion. The probable pathogenesis, the clinical presentation, and the therapeutic
      possibilities are discussed.

PMID- 6385104
TI  - Extravascular lung water in patients with mitral stenosis: relationship to
      pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and Kerley B lines.
AB  - To evaluate the relationship between extravascular lung water, pulmonary
      capillary wedge pressure, and chest radiographic findings, extravascular lung
      water (EVLW) was assessed using double indicator-dilution techniques in 34 adult
      patients with mitral stenosis. Seven patients were studied 6 to 12 months after
      successful mitral valve replacement. In the 27 preoperative patients, septal
      lines were found to be indicative of elevated EVLW only in the presence of
      intravascular congestion. An excellent correlation between EVLW and pulmonary
      capillary wedge pressure was observed in these patients (r = .81, p less than
      .001), whereas only a rough correlation between scored radiographic findings and
      EVLW was observed. Postoperatively, septal lines were invariably associated with
      normal filling pressures and EVLW. Thus in both preoperative and postoperative
      mitral stenosis patients, interstitial Kerley B lines are insensitive markers of
      elevated extravascular lung water in the absence of pulmonary vascular
      engorgement. This emphasizes the importance of interpreting radiographic findings
      of extravascular fluid in conjunction with evaluation of the vascular bed in
      patients with chronic postcapillary hypertension.

PMID- 6385105
TI  - The air-filled left hepatic duct: the saber sign as an aid to the radiographic
      diagnosis of pneumobilia.
AB  - In the supine patient, gas rises to the left hepatic duct. Radiographically, this
      can be recognized as a saber-shaped lucency to the right of the spine. In a
      retrospective analysis and review of the radiographs of 40 patients shown to have
      gas in the biliary tree by ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), or
      radiography, the diagnosis could be made in 37 patients. In 18 of these 37 cases
      pneumobilia could be identified by the saber-shaped distribution of gas.
      Knowledge of the medial distribution of biliary gas in the supine patient and
      appreciation of the saber sign can increase the sensitivity of the radiographic
      detection of pneumobilia.

PMID- 6385106
TI  - Pituitary and ovarian abnormalities demonstrated by CT and ultrasound in children
      with features of the McCune-Albright syndrome.
AB  - In a random series of 97 children referred to the National Institutes of Health
      with a presumptive diagnosis of precocious puberty, eight girls were found to
      have features of the McCune-Albright syndrome, including fibrous dysplasia of
      bone and/or skin lesions resembling cafe au lait spots. Two girls had the classic
      triad. Radiographic evaluation of these patients included computed tomography of
      the head and pelvic ultrasound. The pituitary glands were suspicious for
      abnormality in five of the eight girls. Seven girls underwent pelvic ultrasound,
      and in all of them the ovaries were considered to be abnormal for their
      chronological age; in addition, two had functional ovarian cysts. The role of
      diagnostic radiological studies in the diagnosis of this syndrome is discussed.

PMID- 6385107
TI  - Parathyroid adenomas studied by digital subtraction angiography.
AB  - Eighteen patients who had elevated serum calcium and parathormone levels were
      prospectively studied with intravenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA).
      Intravenous DSA of the neck and mediastinum was performed in the anteroposterior,
      the left anterior, and the right anterior oblique projections. The study was
      considered positive if an abnormal blush or blood supply was noted. Upon
      operation, 14 patients were confirmed to have parathyroid adenomas, of whom five
      had positive preoperative DSA examinations. Four patients were followed medically
      (three negative DSA, one positive DSA). A positive intravenous DSA may be useful
      to guide neck explorations for parathyroid adenomas; however, the low sensitivity
      of the study may limit its screening potential.

PMID- 6385108
TI  - Hematogenous osteomyelitis with fat-fluid level shown by CT.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) revealed fat-fluid (pus) levels in two adult patients
      who had hematogenous osteomyelitis due to gram-negative organisms: in one patient
      within an intraosseous cavity, and in another patient within the adjacent
      suprapatellar bursae. Both patients were hospitalized for other chronic illnesses
      and had confusing clinical manifestations with non-specific radiographic changes.
      Observation of fluid levels, in addition to bony erosions, correctly suggested
      the presence of pus, and in one patient prompted a diagnostic intraosseous
      aspiration. To our knowledge, this CT sign of hematogenous osteomyelitis has not
      been previously reported.

PMID- 6385109
TI  - The fetal face: ultrasound examination.
AB  - Abnormalities of the fetal face were identified by ultrasound in five cases.
      Abnormalities such as cleft lip and palate, cyclopia, and forms of
      holoprosencephaly were diagnosed prenatally. Two of the fetuses had trisomy 13.
      When facial abnormalities are identified a careful search of the fetus for
      associated anomalies is indicated; amniocentesis for genetic study may be
      desirable. In addition, evaluation of the fetal face may be useful when other
      fetal abnormalities are present.

PMID- 6385110
TI  - Liver size evaluated by ultrasound: ROC curves for hepatitis and alcoholism.
AB  - A previous study determined the normal values and upper limits of liver size, as
      measured by the longitudinal and sagittal diameters in the midclavicular line and
      the midline. The present study was performed to determine which of the four
      sonographic diameters best differentiates between patients who have liver disease
      and those who do not. The sonographic liver size was prospectively measured in 50
      patients who had acute viral hepatitis and in 50 subjects who had an increased
      alcohol intake, with data being analyzed in terms of receiver operating
      characteristic (ROC) curves. The results show that all diameters, except for the
      midline sagittal, are valuable parameters and that the midclavicular longitudinal
      diameter is best. The present ROC curves allow one to select a cutoff point that
      best differentiates between healthy subjects and those having acute viral
      hepatitis or those with an increased alcohol intake in each diagnostic setting.
      This analysis also shows that sonographic measurements of liver size may be
      helpful in differentiating patients who have acute viral hepatitis from those who
      do not and that it is less helpful in identifying subjects who have an increased
      alcohol intake.

PMID- 6385111
TI  - Ultrasonography and computed tomography in pseudomyxoma peritonei.
AB  - Three patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei were found to have quite different
      sonographic and CT features from those described previously. Ultrasound (US)
      revealed (a) a large, highly echogenic mantle consisting of numerous tiny cysts,
      (b) echogenic "ascites" which was actually gelatinous in nature, or (c) multiple
      indentations of the bowel by semi-solid masses. On CT, the large masses appeared
      as spaces resembling ascites but containing mottled densities, while the regions
      which resembled echogenic "ascites" on US had an attenuation value slightly
      higher than water.

PMID- 6385112
TI  - Renal ultrasound in acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
AB  - Ten patients with clinical and laboratory features of acquired immune deficiency
      syndrome (AIDS) underwent renal ultrasonography prior to biopsy because of
      proteinuria, azotemia, or uremia. Four patients had a history of intravenous
      heroin abuse and were considered separately so as to exclude it as a cause of
      nephropathy. Histological examination revealed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
      (FSGS), which in patients with AIDS is characterized by rapid progression to
      severe uremia (though FSGS can also occur in several other forms of renal
      disease). The authors recommend that AIDS-associated FSGS be considered as a
      cause of type I parenchymal disease and suggest that serial sonograms may be
      useful in monitoring progressive renal involvement.

PMID- 6385113
TI  - Tc-99m-DTPA aerosol and radioactive gases compared as adjuncts to perfusion
      scintigraphy in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism.
AB  - To evaluate the clinical utility of improved methods for radioaerosol inhalation
      imaging, we obtained preperfusion radioaerosol images in 107 patients (mean age =
      62 years), who were referred for evaluation of suspected pulmonary embolism (PE).
      For each patient, we compared six-view aerosol images with accompanying perfusion
      scans and chest radiographs and with Xenon-133 (Xe-133) or Krypton-81m (Kr-81m)
      studies. Four observers at four different institutions independently evaluated
      aerosol-perfusion and gas-perfusion pairs, classifying the probability of PE as
      low, high, or indeterminate. The radioaerosol images were good to excellent in
      quality; excessive central deposition of activity was infrequent and did not
      interfere with image interpretation. The aerosol-perfusion studies showed 86%
      agreement with Xe-133 perfusion interpretations (n = 299) and 80% agreement with
      Kr-81m perfusion interpretations (n = 99). These rates of agreement were
      comparable with those of intraobserver agreement for gas-to-gas and aerosol-to
      aerosol comparisons, and higher than interobserver agreement rates. In a limited
      number (n = 9) of angiographically documented cases, aerosol-perfusion and gas
      perfusion studies provided accurate and equivalent diagnoses. The results suggest
      that radioaerosol inhalation studies, performed with improved nebulizers, are
      diagnostically equivalent to ventilation imaging as an adjunct to perfusion
      scintigraphy in evaluating patients with suspected PE.

PMID- 6385114
TI  - [The drain groove on abutment models: microscopy studies].

PMID- 6385115
TI  - [Practical advice on controlling the surface roughness of casts].

PMID- 6385116
TI  - [The ceramo-metal bond].

PMID- 6385117
TI  - [Form and function of complete denture bases].

PMID- 6385118
TI  - [The tracing of individualized lower impression trays using Schreinemakers'
      technic].

PMID- 6385119
TI  - Drug treatment of asthma.

PMID- 6385120
TI  - The pharmacology of the immune system: clinical and experimental perspectives.

PMID- 6385121
TI  - Chemical neuro-oncogenesis: role of structural DNA modifications, DNA repair and
      neural target cell population.

PMID- 6385122
TI  - Brain tumor-associated antigens.

PMID- 6385123
TI  - PET scanning of human brain tumors.

PMID- 6385124
TI  - The transformation process.

PMID- 6385125
TI  - Peritumoral edema.

PMID- 6385126
TI  - Differentiation and anaplasia in central neuroepithelial tumors.

PMID- 6385128
TI  - Appendix: supplementary reference list. Outline.

PMID- 6385127
TI  - Clonal tumor cell heterogeneity.

PMID- 6385129
TI  - Novel modes of chemotherapy administration.

PMID- 6385130
TI  - Megadose chemotherapy with bone marrow rescue.

PMID- 6385131
TI  - Problems in the organization and control of acetylcholine synthesis in brain
      neurons.

PMID- 6385132
TI  - A theoretical and semi-empirical approach of muscle mechanics and energetics,
      independent of the mechanical role of the crossbridges. Part I: Mechanics of a
      single fibre.

PMID- 6385133
TI  - A theoretical and semi-empirical approach of muscle mechanics and energetics,
      independent of the mechanical role of the crossbridges. Part II: Energetics of a
      whole muscle.

PMID- 6385134
TI  - Hydrogen bonding in globular proteins.

PMID- 6385136
TI  - Vitamin A and carotene in animal nutrition.
AB  - Vitamin A, an unsaturated 20 carbon cyclic alcohol, subserves a number of
      important physiological functions. However, the biochemical basis of these roles
      is not well understood. The main sources of retinol are liver, egg yolk and milk
      fat. Several carotenoids show vitamin A activity. The conversion of beta-carotene
      to retinol is affected by copper-containing dioxygenase and zinc-containing
      retinene reductase. The efficiency of conversion varies in different species. The
      latter is defined in units as the daily dose required to produce a weight gain of
      3 g/week in young rats between the 4th and 8th week. Retinol is unstable on
      exposure to light or heat, particularly in the presence of heavy metal ions and
      water. Much recent work has focused on the absorption, metabolism and excretion
      of vitamin A. It is now recognized that plasma vitamin A levels do not reflect
      the nutritional status except in severe hypo- and hypervitaminosis A. Also, many
      dietary factors may influence vitamin A metabolism. These basic and applied
      aspects of vitamin A are reviewed.

PMID- 6385135
TI  - Molecular basis of cadmium toxicity.
AB  - Cadmium has been shown to manifest its toxicity in human and animals by mainly
      accumulating in almost all of the organs and kidney is the main target organ
      where it is concentrated mainly in cortex. Environmental exposure of cadmium
      occurs via food, occupational industries, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem. At
      molecular level, cadmium interferes with the utilization of essential metals e.g.
      Ca, Zn, Se, Cr and Fe and deficiencies of these essential metals including
      protein and vitamins, exaggerate cadmium toxicity, due to its increased
      absorption through the gut and greater retention in different organs as
      metallothionein (Cd-Mt). Cadmium transport, across the intestinal and renal brush
      border membrane vesicles, is carrier mediated and it competes with zinc and
      calcium. It has been postulated that cadmium shares the same transport system.
      Cadmium inhibits protein synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and drug metabolizing
      enzymes in liver of animals. Chronic environmental exposure of cadmium produces
      hypertension in experimental animals. Functional changes accompanying cadmium
      nephropathy include low molecular weight proteinuria which is of tubular origin
      associated with excess excretion of proteins such as beta 2 microglobulin,
      metallothionein and high molecular weight proteinuria of glomerular origin
      (excretion of proteins such as albumin IgG, transferrin etc.). Recent data has
      shown that metallothionein is more nephrotoxic to animals. Cadmium is also toxic
      to central nervous system. It causes an alterations of cellular functions in
      lungs. Cadmium affects both humoral and cell mediated immune response in animals.
      Cadmium induces metallothionein in liver and kidney but under certain nutritional
      deficiencies like protein-calorie malnutrition and calcium deficiency, enhanced
      induction and greater accumulation of cadmium metallothionein has been observed.

PMID- 6385137
TI  - Metabolic effects of infection.
AB  - The metabolic effects of infection influence a wide variety and number of host
      biochemical pathways and molecular mechanisms. These responses function in
      support of the many diverse defense systems used by the body to control or
      eliminate invading microorganisms. Despite their complexity and diversity, these
      responses develop in relatively consistent, almost stereotypic pattern of
      progression during the course of generalized febrile infections caused by many
      kinds of different agents. If an infection localizes within an organ system,
      derangements of function of that organ may be superimposed upon the generalized
      responses. These general metabolic responses are initiated and modulated by the
      release of endogenous mediators, hormones, and by central nervous system stimuli
      as well. The magnitude of these metabolic changes can be influenced by the
      severity and duration of the illness. Clinically, the most visible metabolic
      effects of an infectious disease are catabolic. They can be documented by
      measurable losses of body constituents and nutrients. However, it must be kept in
      mind that equally important anabolic processes are taking place at the same time.
      It is these latter anabolic events that are of importance in host defensive
      mechanisms.

PMID- 6385138
TI  - Food allergy.
AB  - Adverse clinical reactions to food associated with disturbed immunologic function
      (food allergy) affect 1-3% of the population and vary from life-threatening to a
      minor inconvenience. They must be differentiated from reactions caused by toxins,
      pharmacologic agents, enzyme deficiences and non-specific release of inflammatory
      mediator substances. Enteric absorption of food protein antigens which may occur
      despite an array of gastrointestinal protective mechanisms normally induces both
      a protective immune response and immunologic tolerance. Quantitative changes in
      absorption related to deficient protective mechanisms or excessive antigen load
      may contribute to the development of an allergic immune response and explain the
      greater incidence of food allergy in infants and children. Important factors
      include immunologic immaturity, enhanced macromolecular mucosal transport,
      intrauterine and neonatal malnutrition, breast feeding and infection. Double
      blind food challenge tests remain as the most definitive diagnostic yardstick but
      carefully standardized skin tests may be helpful if interpreted in the context of
      the clinical history. Despite the association of food allergy with food antigen
      specific IgE hypersensitivity, immune complex formation and lymphocyte
      sensitization the pathophysiological changes which result in symptoms remain
      obscure. Recent advances have clarified many aspects of our knowledge of food
      allergy but inevitably have raised many more questions for future study.

PMID- 6385139
TI  - Reflections on experimental and human pathology of aggression.
AB  - On the basis of the already proposed distinction between "normal" and
      "pathological" aggression in laboratory animals, it is essayed an integration of
      the experimental findings derived from a specific animal model of aggression with
      the available clinical information on human violent behavior. The too disregarded
      importance of the role played by the inhibitory control of brain functions,
      appears instead reportedly essential in the regulation of emotions and behavior,
      and is of great relevance in explaining the behavioral changes that follow
      induced or spontaneous impairment of the serotonergic system of the brain. As a
      matter of fact, the numerous evidences indicate that genetic predisposition and
      induced or acquired defects of serotonergic inhibitory control greatly concur to
      precipitate anomalous strong aggression. Interestingly, the cluster of symptoms
      presented by laboratory rats in consequence of the serotonergic discontrol, has
      many unexpected similarities with several pathological conditions of man. This
      fact confers to laboratory experiments the value of a tool aimed at a better
      understanding of the biological mechanisms which underlie corresponding
      alterations of human conduct, with special reference to pathological aggression
      and violence. In this line, some specific nutrient defects and/or malabsorption
      conditions can be important in the facilitation or elicitation of mental illness
      including human aggression. In addition, the efficacy and neurochemical action of
      those substances capable to partially or completely block or prevent experimental
      aggression, will likely assume equal relevance in the management or prevention of
      human violent behavior.

PMID- 6385140
TI  - Learned helplessness and animal models of depression.
AB  - The degree to which organisms can exert control over events to which they are
      exposed has a strong impact on behavior and physiological functioning. Effects
      caused by the uncontrollability of events that are beyond the organism's control
      rather than by the events per se have been called learned helplessness effects.
      The present paper reviews such learned helplessness effects. At a behavioral
      level, uncontrollable aversive events result in associative, motivational, and
      emotional deficits. At a neurochemical level, uncontrollable but not controllable
      aversive events have been reported to lead to disturbances in cholinergic,
      noradrenergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic, and GABAergic systems. However, there
      are interpretive difficulties in this literature, and these are discussed. The
      controllability/uncontrollability of aversive events has a role in producing
      stress-induced analgesia and the activation of endogenous opiate systems. These
      relationships are reviewed. It is proposed that the learning that aversive events
      cannot be controlled activates an opiate system. The research reviewed is related
      to depression, and the general issue of animal models of depression is discussed.
      It is concluded that no experimental paradigm can be a model of depression in
      some general sense, but can only model a particular aspect. Learned helplessness
      may model "stress and coping".

PMID- 6385142
TI  - [Mechanisms of stable inheritance of plasmid in bacteria].

PMID- 6385141
TI  - [Nucleocytoplasmic transport of mRNA and its relevance to the mechanism of
      mobilization of maternal mRNA in Xenopus embryos].

PMID- 6385143
TI  - [Insecticidal endotoxin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis--recent progress in
      the molecular biology and the future development].

PMID- 6385144
TI  - Distinctive effect of angiotensin II on prostaglandin production in dog renal and
      femoral arteries.
AB  - The effect of angiotensin II (Ang II) on prostaglandin (PG) production in dog
      renal and femoral vasculature was examined in vivo and in vitro. In pentobarbital
      anesthetized dogs, the reduction of blood flow induced by intra-arterial infusion
      of Ang II was potentiated by pre-treatment with indomethacin (5 mg/kg) in the
      renal but not the femoral vasculature. Isolated renal and femoral arterial strips
      were incubated and the release of PGE2 and PGI2 (as 6-keto-PGF1 alpha) into the
      medium was measured by radioimmunoassay. Basal PGE2 and PGI2 production by renal
      and femoral arterial strips was approximately the same. PGI2 production was
      predominant for both strips. Ang II stimulated PG production in renal but not
      femoral arteries. In the renal artery, Ang II-induced PG production was inhibited
      by indomethacin (10(-6) M), mepacrine (10(-4) M) and saralasin (10(-6) M). These
      results suggest that Ang II stimulates PG production by the renal artery per se
      and the Ang II receptor is linked to phospholipase A2 in the renal but not the
      femoral artery.

PMID- 6385145
TI  - [Keratoacanthoma].

PMID- 6385146
TI  - [Linear IgA bullous dermatitis (LABD) in the light of the latest studies].

PMID- 6385148
TI  - Acid etched retainers combined with intracoronal attachments.

PMID- 6385147
TI  - [Dr. Arthur Muthmann. A contribution to the early history of psychoanalysis].

PMID- 6385149
TI  - The dual effect of articulating film for improved dentist-technician
      communication.

PMID- 6385150
TI  - Restoring the gingivae to a working model.

PMID- 6385151
TI  - Fabrication of retained castings for convertible-detachable prostheses and
      overdentures utilizing Ceka attachments (II).

PMID- 6385152
TI  - [Carcinoid of the gallbladder: clinical and echotomographic considerations].

PMID- 6385153
TI  - [Parkinson disease: clinical, physiopathological and therapeutic aspects].

PMID- 6385154
TI  - [Drowning].

PMID- 6385155
TI  - [Evaluation of the palmar arch by Doppler ultrasound examination].

PMID- 6385156
TI  - [Possible effect of bromocriptine on the insulin receptor].
AB  - The administration of 0.00011 mg/g weight/day of bromocriptine (CB154) for 7 days
      to Wistar rats, improved the peripheral glucose uptake without significant
      changes in plasma insulin level, during the intravenous glucose tolerance test
      (0.33 g/kg). The mode of the bromocriptine action on binding of 125I insulin to
      erythrocyte insulin receptors has been evaluated. The total number of sites was
      greater with bromocriptine (513.1 +/- 124.1 pM/1,CB154 815.6 +/- 107.9 pM/l) (p
      less than 0.01). The high affinity/low capacity compound of insulin receptor, in
      CB154 rats (51.8 +/- 16.8 pM/l) was higher than in normal rats (18.3 +/- 8.9
      pM/l) (p less than 0.005). Additional studies indicated that CB154 had no effect
      on the rate of association and dissociation of 125I insulin from rats erythrocyte
      insulin receptors. The degradation of insulin or the erythrocyte receptor sites
      do not change, after the treatment with CB154.

PMID- 6385157
TI  - [Impressions for fixed partial dentures. Comparative study of 2 impression
      technics with a silicone-based material, and verification of dimensional changes
      of the occlusal areas of prepared teeth].

PMID- 6385158
TI  - [Antimicrobial action of Alphacanal paste. Comparative in-vitro study of normal
      Alphacanal paste and Alphacanal paste with "aged" liquid].

PMID- 6385159
TI  - [Fixed dentures using acid etching and composite resin].

PMID- 6385160
TI  - [Treatment of TMJ ankylosis with grafting].

PMID- 6385161
TI  - [Retentive capacity of materials used for bracket fixation].

PMID- 6385162
TI  - [Cavities for amalgam].

PMID- 6385163
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of lipoma. Clinical considerations and presentation of a
      case].

PMID- 6385164
TI  - [Use of the Lo Bello screw in oral implantology].

PMID- 6385165
TI  - [Fixed dentures with composite resin and electrolytic acid etching. The Maryland
      Bridge].

PMID- 6385166
TI  - Neuroendocrine basis of seasonal reproduction.

PMID- 6385167
TI  - [Weber-Christian syndrome].

PMID- 6385168
TI  - Changes in salt intake alter the release of multiple renin species in a
      nonuniform manner.
AB  - Six distinct forms of renin were found to be released from rat renal cortical
      slices incubated in vitro. The multiple renin forms were demonstrated using
      shallow gradient isoelectric focusing, and focused at pH 5.7, 5.55, 5.3, 5.15,
      4.9 and 4.8. Before renal cortical slices were prepared, rats were given free
      access to both high- and low-salt diets containing, respectively, 0.2 or 0.005
      mEq Na+/g food. Renal cortical slices prepared from rats maintained on the high
      salt diet for 8 days (group I) released significantly different proportions of
      the six renin forms as well as less total renin when compared to rats first
      maintained on the high-salt diet for 8 days followed by the low-salt diet for 8
      additional days (group II). In a second series of experiments, renal cortical
      slices prepared from rats maintained on the low-salt diet for 19 days (group III)
      secreted significantly different proportions of the six renin forms, as well as
      more total renin when compared to rats first maintained on the low-salt diet for
      10 days, followed by the high-salt diet for 4 additional days (group IV). These
      studies demonstrate that the relative proportions of released multiple renin
      forms change when the kidney alters its renin secretory rate in response to
      changes in Na+ intake.

PMID- 6385170
TI  - The mutagenicity in procaryotes of herbicides.

PMID- 6385169
TI  - Inhibition of rat GSH S-transferases by ethylene dibromide.
AB  - Incubation of ethylene dibromide (EDB) (37 mM) with a mixture of rat hepatic
      cytosol GSH S-transferases at 25 degrees resulted in diminished activity towards
      1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene (DCNB). The loss
      of both activities followed pseudo first order kinetics with a rate constant of
      0.13 +/- 0.03 min-1. The concentration of EDB required for half maximal loss of
      enzymic activity towards CDNB was 3.2 mM. Removal of EDB from the enzyme by
      lyophilization or gel filtration did not result in the return of activity towards
      CDNB. GSH partially prevented the loss of activity, but could not reverse the
      loss. EDB decreased the activity of forms A(YbYb) and C(YbYb) of rat liver GSH S
      transferases but not of forms AA(YcYc), B(YaYc) or B(YaYa). It is concluded that
      EDB inhibits forms A and C of the GSH S-transferases via a mechanism not
      involving suicide inhibition.

PMID- 6385171
TI  - Human exposure to DEF/merphos.

PMID- 6385173
TI  - The complement fixation and micro-immunofluorescence tests in Chlamydia
      diagnosis.

PMID- 6385172
TI  - Effects of bronchoconstriction on breathing during normoxia and hypoxia in
      anesthetized cats.
AB  - The effect of an increase in bronchomotor tone on control of breathing during
      both normoxia and hypoxia, and the role of vagal afferents in regulating these
      responses were studied in 15 anesthetized cats. Minute ventilation (VE) was
      measured with a pneumotachograph connected in series with a tracheal cannula.
      Total diaphragmatic EMG activity per minute (means p X f, peak EMG moving average
      X respiratory frequency) was measured to assess the central inspiratory drive.
      Bronchoconstriction was generated by inhalation of methacholine aerosol (10-30
      breaths, 0.5% solution) which increased total lung resistance to approximately
      400% of the control value. Transient hypoxia was induced by allowing the cats to
      rebreathe a hypoxic gas mixture (4.5% O2 balanced N2) for approximately 1 min.
      During normoxia, bronchoconstriction increased VE from a baseline of 100 to 129
      +/- 7% (mean +/- SEM; P less than 0.05) and increased (means p X f) from 100 to
      174 +/- 16% (P less than 0.01). During hypoxia, the response of (means p X f) to
      bronchoconstriction (404 +/- 40%) was still greater than without
      bronchoconstriction (306 +/- 35%; P less than 0.01), but the responses of VE were
      not significantly different between these two conditions (P greater than 0.05).
      After sectioning both vagus nerves the bronchoconstriction-induced increase in
      central inspiratory drive was either reduced (during normoxia) or abolished
      (during hypoxia). These results suggest that stimulation of vagal
      bronchopulmonary afferents are involved in regulating the ventilatory responses
      to bronchoconstriction. Other non-vagal factors, such as intrinsic properties and
      reflex responses of the respiratory muscles, may also contribute, in part, to the
      observed responses.

PMID- 6385174
TI  - [Demonstration of antinuclear antibodies in the epidermis of patients with
      progressive systemic sclerosis, generalized lupus erythematosus and
      dermatomyositis].

PMID- 6385175
TI  - [Pyrogenic activity in the sera of febrile patients mediated by endogenous
      pyrogen and activators of adenyl cyclase].

PMID- 6385176
TI  - The evaluation of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of maxillary sinusitis.

PMID- 6385177
TI  - [Evaluation of the API 20 C system for the rapid identification of yeast-like
      organisms].

PMID- 6385178
TI  - [The pancreatic reserve in diabetes mellitus by the determination of serum C
      peptide using radioimmunoassay].

PMID- 6385179
TI  - [Urinary kallikrein activity in a hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism syndrome].

PMID- 6385180
TI  - [Cardiac tamponade caused by central venous catheter].

PMID- 6385181
TI  - Fetal anoperineogenital images by ultrasonography--regarding the breech and
      transverse presentations.
AB  - Reports seeking the rate of successful echography of the fetal scrotum, penis and
      labia majora classified by individual weeks of gestation over the long period
      from the 22nd to the 41st week of gestation, are few. In the present study, the
      rates of successful echography of the scrotum, penis, labia majora, M-type and F
      type of the fetal APG region in the breech and transverse presentations in each
      week of gestation for the period from the 22nd to the 41st week of gestation were
      pursued with a view to finding out the best suited time for the observation of
      each image. Ultrasonography was performed 3039 times in total on 620 pregnant
      women who delivered their babies, and the following results were obtained: The
      rates of successful echography classified by presentation decreased in the order
      of cephalic, breech and transverse presentations. The rates of successful
      echography with the first and second manipulations classified by individual weeks
      of gestation were also determined, and the optimal periods for observation were
      sought. The rates of correct echography as a whole were also determined, with the
      following results: Breech presentation is 74.1% in male fetuses and 68.3% in
      female fetuses; Transverse presentation is 66.2% in male fetuses and 58.6% in
      female fetuses, respectively.

PMID- 6385182
TI  - [Structure-function characterization of phenanthridinium compounds as mutagens in
      salmonella and yeast].
AB  - The relation between the mutagenic activities and chemical structure of
      phenanthridinium derivatives were tested by using Salmonella typhimurium strain
      TA 98 and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The 3,8-diamino analog and amino-azido
      isomers caused frameshift type mutation in Salmonella. However, mutagenicity was
      severely reduced for the diazido analog, and mutagenic activities of monoamino
      and monoazido analogs were minimal. The deaminated analog was not mutagenic.
      Diamino analog and two amino-azido isomers induced mitochondrial mutation of
      yeast in both resting and growing conditions. Two monoamino and deaminated
      analogs were mutagenic only in growing yeast but not in resting cells. Two
      monoazido and diazido analogs were less mutagenic even in the growing conditions.

PMID- 6385183
TI  - Problems in estimating dose-effect relationship from limited epidemiological
      data.

PMID- 6385184
TI  - The utility and application of epidemiology for occupational physicians.

PMID- 6385185
TI  - Problems in the epidemiological approach to occupational cancer.

PMID- 6385186
TI  - Epidemiological approach to nickel carcinogenicity--uses and limitation.

PMID- 6385187
TI  - Approaches to sample size estimation in the design of clinical trials--a review.
AB  - Over the last decade, considerable interest has focused on sample size estimation
      in the design of clinical trials. The resulting literature is scattered over many
      textbooks and journals. This paper presents these methods in a single review and
      comments on their application in practice.

PMID- 6385188
TI  - Allocation of treatment to patients when not all balancing factors are known to
      the co-ordinating centre.
AB  - The allocation of treatment to patients in a clinical trial while balancing for
      prognostic factors is usually done by a co-ordinating centre when all the factors
      are known. In a trial comparing two treatments of acute rejection of renal
      allografts some prognostic factors become available to the physician only at the
      moment of the diagnosis of the rejection. This diagnosis is often made out of
      office hours, whereas immediate start of treatment is essential. It is shown here
      that the co-ordinating centre is still able to control the allocation of patients
      to treatment groups if a small number of prognostic factors is known only to the
      physician.

PMID- 6385189
TI  - A comparison of chi-square partitioning and two logit analyses of ordinal pain
      data from a pharmaceutical study.
AB  - We study three approaches for the analysis of ordinal pain data. The first is
      essentially non-parametric, based on partitioning the goodness-of-fit statistic
      for testing the homogeneity model. The other two involve the modelling of quite
      different logit functions of the multinomial probabilities. We discuss and
      compare the characteristics of these three approaches using actual data from an
      analgesic trial.

PMID- 6385190
TI  - The prosthetic management of urinary incontinence.

PMID- 6385191
TI  - Ureteral stenting.

PMID- 6385192
TI  - [Vaccination against hepatitis B. Review and prospects].

PMID- 6385193
TI  - [Endoscopic cholangio-Wirsungography in chronic pancreatitis. Re-evaluation of
      its merit].

PMID- 6385194
TI  - [Prenatal diagnosis of malformations of the central nervous system].

PMID- 6385196
TI  - [Biological dressings and their synthetic substitutes in the treatment of
      wounds].

PMID- 6385198
TI  - [Presentation of the major clinical syndromes caused by focal involvement of the
      cerebral hemispheres and lesions of the corpus callosum. Historical information].

PMID- 6385197
TI  - [Gray areas in the treatment of diseases of the esophagogastric junction].

PMID- 6385199
TI  - Historical note on sleep and eye movements.
AB  - Involuntary eye movements at the onset of sleep are mentioned in Virgil's Aeneid
      (19 BC). "Nystagmus" in relation to states of lowered consciousness was
      painstakingly catalogued by Sauvages (1768). Sporadic studies of eye behavior
      during sleep were recorded during the 19th century and were associated with
      disorders of brainstem physiology, culminating in von Economo's observations
      during the encephalitis lethargica epidemic of the 1920s.

PMID- 6385200
TI  - [Comparison between the dilution curves of prothrombin time and activated partial
      thromboplastin time for the control of the effect of anti-vitamin K].

PMID- 6385201
TI  - [Effect of positive expiratory pressure on gas exchange in dogs with pulmonary
      edema due to increase of microvascular permeability].

PMID- 6385195
TI  - Tests of maximum oxygen intake. A critical review.
AB  - The determinants of endurance effort vary, depending upon the extent of the
      muscle mass that is activated. Large muscle work, such as treadmill running, is
      halted by impending circulatory failure; lack of venous return may compound the
      basic problem of an excessive cardiac work-load. If the task calls for use of a
      smaller muscle mass, there is ultimately difficulty in perfusing the active
      muscles, and glycolysis is halted by an accumulation of acid metabolites. Simple
      field tests of endurance, such as Cooper's 12-minute run and the Canadian Home
      Fitness Test, have some value in the rapid screening of large populations, but
      like other submaximal tests of human performance they lack the precision needed
      to advise the individual. The directly measured maximum oxygen intake (VO2 max)
      varies with the type of exercise. The highest values are obtained during uphill
      treadmill running, but well trained athletes often approach these values during
      performance of sport-specific tasks. Limitations of methodology and wide
      interindividual variations of constitutional potential limit the interpretation
      of maximum oxygen intake data in terms of personal fitness, exercise prescription
      and the monitoring of training responses. The main practical value of VO2 max
      measurement is in the functional assessment of patients with cardiorespiratory
      disease, since changes are then large relative to the precision of the test.

PMID- 6385202
TI  - [Correlations between clinical, biochemical and anatomo-pathological findings in
      orthotopic liver transplants in dogs].

PMID- 6385204
TI  - [Continuing education].

PMID- 6385203
TI  - [Urticarial vasculitis. Case report and review of the literature].

PMID- 6385205
TI  - The influence of D-penicillamine therapy on numbers of circulating immunoglobulin
      secreting cells in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Higher numbers of plaque forming (immunoglobulin secreting) cells have been
      reported among peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with active
      rheumatoid arthritis than from patients with spontaneously inactive disease.
      Patients treated with D-penicillamine who showed a good clinical response were
      found to have lower numbers of circulating plaque forming cells than were
      detected in the active rheumatoid group. Similar numbers of plaque forming cells
      were detected in patients who showed a poor clinical response to D-penicillamine
      as in the active rheumatoid group (untreated with 'second line' drugs). Active
      rheumatoid arthritis is associated with increased numbers of plaque forming cells
      in the peripheral blood, changes in the numbers of these cells providing an index
      of disease activity.

PMID- 6385207
TI  - [Tuberculosis strikes again. Current aspects of the harm and the role of the
      nurse. Tuberculosis today: between reality and preconception].

PMID- 6385206
TI  - Primary Sjogren's syndrome treated with Efamol/Efavit. A double-blind cross-over
      investigation.
AB  - Thirty-six patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome participated in a randomised
      double-blind, cross-over, 3-week, study to compare the effect of Efamol (1500 mg
      X 2) with that of placebo. Efamol contains 9% of the prostaglandin-E1 precursor
      gamma-linolenic acid, which is presumed to occur in reduced levels in Sjogren's
      syndrome. Efamol treatment improved the Schirmer-I-test (P less than 0.03) while
      values of break-up time,-van Bijsterveld score, corneasensitivity, tear-lysozyme
      and nuclear chromatin in conjunctival epithelial cells did not reach the
      statistical 0.05 level.

PMID- 6385208
TI  - [Impression and pouring of models with the magnetic "Splitcast" technic for
      mounting study models in articulators].

PMID- 6385209
TI  - [Supernumerary teeth in the incisal region (mesiodens): contribution to the study
      and clinical considerations].

PMID- 6385210
TI  - [Myelolipoma of the adrenal gland].
AB  - Myelolipoma is a benign, rare and hormone-inactive tumour of the adrenal gland.
      Only symptomatic or large myelolipomas have to be removed. CT enables diagnosis
      with a high degree of safety and accuracy.

PMID- 6385211
TI  - [Radiologic diagnosis of intra-abdominal abscesses by stepwise use of imaging
      procedures].
AB  - Plain radiographs of the abdomen in supine and left decubitus position were
      combined with additional contrast medium examinations, ultrasonography and
      computed tomography and used for diagnosis in 47 patients with surgically
      verified abdominal abscesses. Typical abscess signs were analysed to establish
      the stepwise use of imaging procedures. Diagnosis of an intraperitoneal or
      retroperitoneal abscess can be made in over 50% of the cases by accurate
      interpretation of abdominal plain films. If combined with ultrasonography,
      diagnosis is possible in even almost 90% of the cases. Computed tomography may
      additionaly show the exact localisation and extension of the lesion and is mainly
      used in planning further surgical treatment.

PMID- 6385212
TI  - [Malaria and intestinal parasitosis in Indians of the Nadeb-Maku tribe, State of
      Amazonas, Brazil].

PMID- 6385213
TI  - Binding of tyrosine-A-14(125I)-monoiodoinsulin to human erythrocytes.
AB  - We have studied the method for the determination of human erythrocyte insulin
      receptor concentrations using tyrosine-A-14-monoiodoinsulin as the labelled
      ligand with increasing amounts of unlabelled insulin in a saturation assay. An
      overnight incubation at 0-+4 degrees C was found to give the highest receptor
      concentrations and highest affinities for the ligand. Insulin receptor
      concentrations were found to be very low and lower in erythrocytes from normal
      females than from normal male subjects (7.0 +/- 1.9 and 10.5 +/- 1.6 receptors
      per erythrocyte, respectively). Our results suggest that an initially homogenous
      class of insulin binding sites upon exposure to insulin can appear in different
      forms with different binding affinities for the ligand. This was deduced from the
      changes in the forms of Scatchard plots when the saturation assay was performed
      at different times at low temperature. Variability in the forms of Scatchard
      plots (linear to biphasic or vice versa) in samples obtained on different
      occasions from the same subjects also support this view. The apparent
      dissociation constants (mean values) were 150 and 550 pmol/l for the linear
      components of the biphasic plots and 300 pmol/l for the linear plot. These values
      lie well within the normal plasma concentrations of insulin. Addition of spermine
      to the incubation mixture was shown to further accentuate the high affinity part
      of the Scatchard plot. The high and low affinity forms of the receptor could
      provide an ideal means to rapidly regulate the response to insulin.

PMID- 6385214
TI  - Quality control of insulin radioreceptor assay for human erythrocytes. Effect of
      ageing of mono-125I-Tyr-A14-insulin preparation.
AB  - The quality control of insulin radioreceptor assay for human erythrocytes is
      based on the storage of erythrocyte preparations in Hepes buffer of pH 8.0,
      containing 10 g/l of albumin and 20 mmol/l of glucose. The change of erythrocytes
      into spherocytes and crenated cells reduces the apparent number of insulin
      receptors in a relatively constant way by less than 8% a week after 10 days of
      storage. At the same time the dissociation constants of the insulin-receptor
      complex increase rapidly. Thus the use of a preparation must be limited to
      controlling the determination of the insulin binding sites of erythrocytes, and
      not to the measurement of the affinities of the receptors. When mono-125I-Tyr-A14
      insulin gets old, a slow decrease in the insulin binding sites can be measured,
      but the dissociation constants of the insulin receptor complex are not affected.

PMID- 6385215
TI  - Liquefaction of coagulated human semen.
AB  - Liquefaction of coagulated human semen was inhibited by o-phenanthroline;
      subsequent addition of Zn2+ reversed this inhibition, but not if the coagulum was
      repeatedly washed before Zn2+ was added. No liquefaction of the coagulum occurred
      when Fe2+ was added (in a 1:3 molar ratio to o-phenanthroline), and the gel
      repeatedly washed. This o-phenanthroline-depleted coagulum was liquefied by
      resuspended pellet from ultracentrifuged pooled seminal plasma. In denatured and
      reduced semen coagulate, we identified the 52 kDa, 71 kDa, and 76 kDa protein
      bands of the predominant seminal vesicle protein. The protein was not present in
      the supernatant after centrifugation of coagulated semen, and it was degraded to
      several minor basic proteins when semen liquefied. These findings imply that the
      predominant seminal vesicle protein functions as the structural protein of
      coagulated semen. In much the same way as in ejaculated semen, the 52 kDa, 71
      kDa, and 76 kDa protein bands in seminal vesicle secretion collected postmortem
      were digested to minor basic proteins after incubating the secretion with
      resuspended pellet from ultracentrifuged seminal plasma. This pellet contained
      the membrane-bound succinyl(alanine)3-p-nitroanilide hydrolysing peptidase of
      prostatic origin which, like the liquefaction process, was active in the presence
      of EGTA, inhibited by non-chelated Zn2+, and inactivated by o-phenanthroline--an
      inactivation that was reversed by Zn2+.

PMID- 6385216
TI  - Prevention of postoperative infections following gastrointestinal operations.

PMID- 6385217
TI  - Microbiological and clinical aspects on intraabdominal infections.

PMID- 6385218
TI  - Peritoneal irrigation (lavage) and local use of antibiotics in diffuse
      peritonitis.

PMID- 6385219
TI  - Review of scanning electron and light microscopic methods in microcirculation
      research and their application in pancreatic studies.
AB  - The methods reviewed here include: scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of vascular
      corrosion casts, SEM of intact tissue, SEM of HCl-collagenase treated tissues,
      light microscopy (LM) of India ink or silicon rubber injected tissues, with
      stereomicrography, LM of tissue stained by perfusion with hematoxylin, and a
      correlative study of intravital microscopy with SEM of vascular corrosion casts
      or LM of India ink-injected tissue. The last technique allowed for both the
      examination of the microvascular architecture and blood flow in a particular
      tissue area. This paper shows that an adequate understanding of the
      microvasculature of the pancreas can only be gained when a variety of SEM
      techniques, together with other LM and TEM techniques are employed in a
      coordinated fashion. The intralobular arterioles of the pancreas supply the
      islets of Langerhans, exocrine acini, and duct system. Blood leaving the islets
      flows into the capillaries in the exocrine region through the insulo-acinar
      portal system and insulo-ductular portal system, although some fraction of the
      blood drains through venules into nearby veins. Thus, these studies in the
      pancreas indicate that the islets of Langerhans are situated in the center of the
      pancreatic microcirculatory bed so that the insular secretions are transferred in
      high concentrations through short vascular routes to the exocrine region of both
      the duct system and acini, presumably to act upon these structures.

PMID- 6385220
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts--technique and
      applications.
AB  - The present paper states very briefly the main steps leading to the technique of
      scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of vascular corrosion casts. From the terms
      presently used (injection method, microcorrosion cast, injection replica,
      vascular corrosion cast, vascular cast) the use of "vascular corrosion cast" for
      lymphatic and blood vessels is recommended. Specification and pretreatment (kind,
      volume, dosage of anticoagulants, vasoactive substances and spasmolytica used) of
      the animals examined are referenced as they are available from the literature.
      The recommendation is given to pay more attention to these parameters than done
      so far. The steps necessary for producing reasonable and suitable vascular
      corrosion casts are critically described. Special attention is paid to the
      physical and chemical properties of the casting media and their significance for
      polymerizations, shrinkage, casting quality, corrosion resistance, and thermal
      and spatial stability. Emphasis is also focused on the advantages of cutting the
      vascular corrosion casts embedded in an ice block by a band saw and a self
      constructed multi-blade cutting device offer. From the drying methods presently
      used freeze-drying is stressed because of minimal specimen damage. To render
      casts conductive in most cases sputtercoating is sufficient. It is recommended to
      run the SEM with 5-10 kV since the resolution received still reveals all details
      the casting media presently can replicate. Lastly the application of scanning
      electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts in fully differentiated normal
      tissue, in pathologic tissue as well as in developing tissues and organs is
      stated.

PMID- 6385221
TI  - Correlative scanning electron microscopy in gastrointestinal pathology.
AB  - Some applications of SEM to the study of gastrointestinal pathology are
      illustrated and discussed, along with a review of recent literature in this
      field. Particular emphasis is placed on correlative microscopy, involving, for
      example, the reprocessing of SEM specimens for LM and TEM, and of LM paraffin
      blocks for SEM. In terms of diagnosis and prognosis, the relevance of SEM data at
      present remains quite limited, calling for the further exploration of clinical
      and diagnostic problems through correlative techniques.

PMID- 6385222
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of human leukocytes.
AB  - Extensive application of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to the study of
      normal as well as of pathological human leukocytes has been pursued over the last
      ten years. Initial efforts to recognize, under the SEM, the two main
      subpopulations of circulating lymphocytes have met with limited success. However,
      a critical evaluation of the cell preparatory methods has emerged from the
      initial difficulties. Highly reproducible SEM images of leukocytes can now be
      obtained, and their significance correlated with immunological and/or
      cytochemical parameters. This resulted from the development of highly specific
      techniques for the immuno-labeling of cell surfaces, and from the development of
      SEM cytochemistry in the backscattered electron imaging (BEI) mode. A basic
      procedure for the SEI imaging of separated peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL's) is
      critically presented with the hope of facilitating significant future
      applications of SEM in diagnostic clinical hematology.

PMID- 6385223
TI  - The drainage routes for aqueous humor in monkeys as revealed by scanning electron
      microscopy of corrosion casts.
AB  - The outflow routes for aqueous humor from the anterior chamber in cynomolgus
      monkeys were studied. The routes were filled with a mixture of Mercox CL2R and
      methyl methacrylate, 4:6, which had a low viscosity. Polymerization was delayed
      by cooling. Some experiments were performed after fixation with glutaraldehyde.
      Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the casts after dissolution of the
      tissue. The casts indicate inflow into the first intertrabecular space through a
      limited number of 10-100 microns openings. The first space is an irregular
      circular plexus. Subsequent uveal intertrabecular spaces also constitute complex
      channels. In the ciliary muscle the plastic entering from the uveal
      intertrabecular spaces could pass through narrow spaces into the supraciliary and
      suprachoroidal spaces. The intertrabecular spaces in the corneoscleral meshwork
      were thinner than those in the uveal meshwork. The outermost layer which tended
      to fill incompletely especially in fixed preparations communicated with the
      spaces of the juxtacanalicular tissue. In this tissue there was very limited
      filling even in unfixed preparations. On the casts of the canal of Schlemm there
      were remnants of communications with the juxtacanalicular tissue. These remnants
      indicated that only pores with diameters of 2-3 microns or more had been large
      enough to drain plastic into the canal. The collector channels formed a deep
      scleral plexus at many places. This plexus and direct collector channels drained
      into superior and inferior episcleral veins. Apparently the casting technique
      permitted visualization of most of the uveal and corneoscleral intertrabecular
      spaces and of preferential channels through the juxtacanalicular tissue and the
      inner wall of Schlemm's canal. The number of such channels was about 10-20/mm2 of
      inner wall.

PMID- 6385224
TI  - Sequential microdissection and scanning electron microscopy of ciliary
      microvascular castings.
AB  - Intracarotid injection of methylmethacrylate followed by tissue corrosion
      produces detailed replicas of the ocular microvasculature that can then be
      studied with the scanning electron microscope. The resultant photographs allow
      careful scrutiny of even the finest capillaries. However, when applied to the
      ciliary body, a complicated three dimensional system, we found stereo scanning
      electron micrography essential to fully appreciate its arteriolar and capillary
      interconnections. These stereoscopic analyses indicated that specific superficial
      vessels required excision to visualize deeper, previously hidden microvascular
      relationships. Using a pneumatically powered ultra microscissors guided by a
      micromanipulator we successfully removed these vessels. Deeper views were then
      obtained through repeat stereo scanning electron microscopy. This sequential
      microdissection and stereo scanning electron microscopy revealed that the major
      ciliary processes are supplied by two types of arterioles arising from the major
      arterial circle. Constricted anterior arterioles supply anterior and marginal
      aspects of the processes as well as interprocess capillary beds. Less constricted
      posterior arterioles feed capillaries confined to the base of the major processes
      as well as minor ciliary processes via posterior interprocess connections.
      Choroidal veins were seen to directly drain both anterior and posterior
      interprocess capillary beds.

PMID- 6385225
TI  - Microstructure of decalcified human calcium oxalate urinary stones.
AB  - Human urinary stone fragments and sections were decalcified in
      ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution after embedding in 1% agar. These
      decalcified embedded stone specimens were then processed for scanning electron
      microscopy. After critical point drying the agar was removed and EDTA-insoluble
      stone residue was studied by scanning electron microscopy. This residue
      representing part of the stone matrix kept the original shape of the stone and
      was basically made of fibrous material. The fibers appeared to be arranged in
      matted sheets that were present as concentric laminations. In case of calcium
      oxalate dihydrate stones these fibrous sheets were also arranged as peripheral
      layers running parallel to the pyramidal faces of large calcium oxalate dihydrate
      crystals. In decalcified stones, crystals were represented by crystal ghosts.
      Often some vesicular material was present embedded in the fibrous sheets.

PMID- 6385226
TI  - Mineralization by matrix vesicles.
AB  - Matrix vesicles are widely regarded as the initial site of calcification in
      epiphyseal growth plate cartilage, in growing bone and in predentin. This opinion
      has recently been challenged on grounds that the early aqueous methods used for
      electron microscopic tissue preparation may have produced an erroneous picture by
      causing mineral dislocation. However, this argument has now been refuted by
      multiple investigators throughout the world using a variety of anhydrous methods
      coupled with electron probe analysis to show convincingly that matrix vesicles
      are, indeed, associated with initial mineral. Matrix vesicles appear to
      mineralize by concentrating calcium and phosphate at a protected site close to
      the inner leaflet of the vesicle membrane. Calcium may be attracted by its
      affinity for acidic phospholipids of the vesicle membrane, and phosphate may be
      concentrated by the action of transmembrane phosphatases of the matrix vesicle
      membrane. Evidence is accumulating to suggest that alkaline phosphatase of the
      matrix vesicle membrane functions as a phosphotransferase or phosphate vector,
      transporting PO4 across the vesicle membrane. The mechanism(s) of matrix vesicle
      biogenesis are discussed including budding from the plasma membrane (for which
      there is much support), cell degeneration (for which there is gathering support),
      extrusion of intracytoplasmic vesicles (for which there is weak support), and
      extracellular subunit self-assembly (for which there is little support). It is
      suggested that none of these mechanisms is necessarily exclusive, thus more than
      one mechanism may function in the same tissue. Finally, it is noted that in many
      calcific diseases, ranging from arthritis to atherosclerosis, mineralization is
      initiated by extracellular membrane-invested vesicles which are probably
      analogous to the matrix vesicles of skeletal tissues.

PMID- 6385227
TI  - Acute and long-term complications of corticosteroid pulse therapy.
AB  - Complications caused by pulse therapy (PT) using "suprapharmacological" doses of
      methylprednisolone (MP) are reviewed. The reported adverse effects vary between 0
      and 56% in different series. More intense and prolonged PT seems to result in
      higher toxicity. An improvement in therapeutic index for PT over oral
      corticosteroids has been found in two out of three controlled studies on renal
      transplant rejection. No controlled studies of PT in SLE have been published.
      Neuropsychiatric reactions occur in both SLE and RA.

PMID- 6385228
TI  - Hip joint distension in osteoarthrosis. A triple-blind controlled study comparing
      the effect of intra-articular indoprofen with placebo.
AB  - In a triple-blind controlled study, significant pain alleviation (p less than
      0.01) was registered in patients with osteoarthrosis (OA) of the hip in the first
      24 h after hip joint distension. There was no significant difference between
      treatment with indoprofen (a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug for intra
      articular use) and placebo. Pain relief lasted for at least 12 weeks in
      approximately half of the patients, in whom a significant increase in joint
      mobility was registered. Intra-articular indoprofen was not superior to placebo
      as regards pain relief or increased joint mobility. These findings indicate that
      the effect of a single hip joint distension in OA is due to a mechanical
      distension of the joint capsule, perhaps involving disruption of local
      agglutinations, and not due to suppression of inflammation.

PMID- 6385230
TI  - [Cerebrovascular Doppler studies--a potent tool in neuroangiology].
AB  - Cerebrovascular disease is caused in about half of the patients by obstructions
      in the extracranial cerebral arteries. In the other half, stroke is due in
      roughly equal proportions to obstructive intracranial arterial lesions, emboli
      from the heart, or intracranial hemorrhage. Half of the patients with major
      ischemic stroke had previous warning signs in the form of transient ischemic
      attacks (TIA), reversible ischemic neurologic deficit (RIND) or infarction with
      only minor residual deficit not limiting daily activity, professional skills, and
      quality of life. Investigation of patients with warning signs of impending
      ischemic stroke is mandatory in order to prevent other events with possible major
      disability, but also, in patients with acute infarction, in order to choose the
      appropriate early therapy and rehabilitation. Routine cerebrovascular Doppler
      examination based on continuous-wave equipment has been successfully used to
      detect extracranial arterial obstructions. In the authors' experience of more
      than 12000 patients this noninvasive diagnostic tool makes it possible-in
      conjunction with the patient's history and the results of the clinical
      examination-to differentiate between obstructions needing surgery and lesions
      small enough to warrant medical treatment. Minor lesions which do not disturb
      blood flow locally, or accessible to available continuous-wave Doppler equipment,
      can be detected with real-time ultrasound imaging systems, i.e. B-mode or B-mode
      Doppler-(duplex) systems in addition to routine Doppler examination. These
      complex systems also serve to follow-up patients with minor lesions which are not
      treated, or treated medically, in regard to deterioration, possible
      invariability, or even regression of a lesion.

PMID- 6385229
TI  - [Criteria for hemostasis in kidney transplant patients. Comparison of patients
      undergoing immunosuppression with cyclosporin and azathioprine steroids].
AB  - Studies on one-year function conducted by the European Multicenter Trial showed
      that, after renal allograft transplantation, bleeding complications were only
      found in patients treated with cyclosporin as compared with those treated with
      azathioprin/steroids. To investigate a possible relationship between the bleeding
      tendency and the cyclosporin treatment, 18 parameters of hemostasis were studied
      in 11 patients, 6 of whom received cyclosporin A and the other 5 conventional
      treatment with azathioprin/steroids. Bleeding tendency could not be related to
      any specific coagulation parameter. Of interest is that clot retraction was
      significantly lower in the cyclosporin group (88 +/- 9% vs. 125 +/- 10%).
      Considering the fact that the skin bleeding time according to Ivy was normal in
      all patients, the clinical significance of the lower levels of the clot
      retraction appears to be minor. Discriminant analysis showed that these
      significantly lower clot retraction values could not be related to the lower
      platelet count levels in platelet rich plasma (205 000 +/- 85 000/mm3 vs. 280 000
      +/- 67 000/mm3) but were associated with cyclosporin A treatment. All factor-VIII
      related activities were elevated in both groups. The main difference between the
      cyclosporin group and the conventionally treated group was significantly elevated
      levels of factor VIII procoagulant antigen (VIII: CAg) (cyclosporin A treated
      group: VIII: CAg 435 +/- 145%, conventionally treated group: VIII: CAg 215 +/-
      99%). These results suggest hypercoagulability rather than bleeding tendency
      under cyclosporin treatment.

PMID- 6385231
TI  - [Heatstroke].
AB  - Heat stroke, heat exhaustion and heat cramps are the most important heat
      syndromes. Heat stroke must be recognized as a medical emergency. Inappropriate
      delay in diagnosis and treatment may lead to death caused by functional
      impairment or irreversible damage to almost every organ of the system. The
      history, clinical findings and outcome are described in four patients with heat
      injury during a 13-km military cross country race. Pathophysiology,
      complications, treatment and prevention of heat illness are discussed.

PMID- 6385232
TI  - [Radiation resistance: a concept in need of review or a stubborn problem for
      radio-oncology?].
AB  - Many tumors are considered to be radio-resistant. Reviewing recent literature on
      clinical results, this notion of radio resistance needs to be revised. With new
      technics and improved dosimetry it has become possible to control locally even
      well differentiated carcinomas and achieve clear survival benefits. Three
      examples illustrate the importance of radiation therapy of prostatic cancer as a
      well established procedure. It would seem that radiation therapy in colorectal
      tumors of certain stages is becoming part of initial treatment. A case is made
      out for meningeoma, where surgery undoubtedly remains the first approach; after
      incomplete removal or in locally inoperable patients, radiation therapy may be of
      value.

PMID- 6385233
TI  - [The ITI (Internationales Team fur Implantologie) type H hollow cylinder
      implant].

PMID- 6385234
TI  - [Oligosialia and xerostomia. I. Basic principles, epidemiology, etiology,
      pathology].

PMID- 6385235
TI  - [Mucogingival problems and their treatment in relation to orthodontic movements].

PMID- 6385236
TI  - Prions.

PMID- 6385237
TI  - [Biometry of the large bones of fetal extremities in the 3d trimester].
AB  - Ultrasound measurement of head, thorax and the limb bones femur, tibia, humerus
      and radius was made of 285 fetuses with known gestational age. In addition
      measurements of the fibula were obtained in 120 fetuses and of the ulna in 125
      fetuses. With the use of these data a normal growth curve for each limb bone was
      established, which can be helpful in detecting late fetal limb malformations as
      heterozygous achondroplasia. All limb bones show a nearly linear growth rate so
      that the length of the bones can alternatively be used to determine gestational
      age. The linear relationship between growth of the limb bones and the fetal head
      can be used to diagnose fetal head malformations as microcephaly.

PMID- 6385238
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of fetal ascites with polyhydramnios resulting from partial
      small intestine atresia and secondary intestinal wall perforation].
AB  - A primigravida was admitted to hospital in the 31st week of pregnancy after
      normal pregnancy course, with premature rupture of the amnion. Ultrasonography
      revealed a marked fetal ascites as well as polyhydramnion. Pregnancy was
      terminated via Caesarean section because of threatening intrauterine asphyxia.
      The asphyctic, hypotonic infant, which did not show any visible malformation, was
      intubated and the ascites was punctured. After a brief recovery, the infant died
      24 hours post partum. Autopsy revealed partial atresia of the small intestine
      with secondary perforation of the intestinal wall, as well as a fibrinous
      purulent peritonitis. Pathogenesis of the foetal ascites, as well as the
      possibilities of diagnosis via sonography in case of fetal malformations, are
      discussed on the basis of the present case and previous literature.

PMID- 6385239
TI  - [Abnormalities of the upper gastrointestinal tract diagnosed prenatally by
      ultrasound].
AB  - A hydramnion occurring during the second half of pregnancy may be due to atresias
      in the upper intestinal tract. Generally, one case of oesophageal atresia is
      likely to occur in every 2,500 births, often together with other malformations.
      Prenatal diagnosis of such atresias substantially improves prognosis for these
      children via optimal cooperation between the obstetrician and the paediatric
      surgeon. Characteristic features of oesophageal atresia in the sonographic image
      are, besides the hydramnion, the absence of visualisation of the stomach.
      Sonographic diagnosis of duodenal atresias is based on visualisation of the
      stomach, which is excessively filled with fluid, and of the portion of the small
      intestine located cranially of the stenosis. The patients treated by the author
      and presented here were successfully operated on via termination of birth and
      immediate surgery by the paediatric surgeon.

PMID- 6385240
TI  - [Sonographic detection of prenatal rupture of spina bifida cystica].
AB  - Demonstration of a case of echographically diagnosed spina bifida cystica; the
      cyst, which is full of liquor cerebrospinalis, can be shown by ultrasonography
      before and after the rupture.

PMID- 6385241
TI  - [Amniotic band syndrome in intrauterine ultrasonic diagnosis].

PMID- 6385242
TI  - [Sonography in the diagnosis of acute abdomen].
AB  - A prospective study with 466 patients demonstrated high value of sonography in
      combination with radiological methods in acute diagnosis of the abdomen. It is
      shown that sonography and radiology complement each other excellently. In 23% of
      the cases the examination, which resembles screening, indicates the quickest and
      most economic way through diagnostic procedures. The rate of failure is 3% only.

PMID- 6385243
TI  - [Sonographic detection of a wood splinter in the small intestine--a case report].
AB  - We report on a case of sonographic detection of a foreign body (wooden splinter)
      in the abdomen with covered perforation of the jejunum. The patient did not know
      about the existence of that foreign body. We found out later that this splinter
      must have been in the abdomen for more than two years without any symptoms. A few
      weeks ago he felt an increasingly sharp pain in that area--probably at the time
      the perforation of the jejunum took place.

PMID- 6385244
TI  - [Sonography in the diagnosis of an unusual splenic tumor].
AB  - The authors report on an unusual cystic giant tumour of the spleen (a
      necrotically disintegrating non-Hodgkin lymphoma) which was examined via
      sonography, scintigraphy and angiography. The information obtained by means of
      the individual examination methods was compared with each other, taking the
      findings of anatomic pathology as basis. In the case under discussion sonography
      supplied the best possible information on the morphology of the tumour. The
      importance of sonography in arriving at the differential diagnosis of cystic (or
      pseudocystic) space-occupying growths is discussed.

PMID- 6385245
TI  - [Failure of puncture sonographic diagnosis of focal liver lesions--the influence
      of possible sources of error].
AB  - A correct diagnosis was obtained in 92 cases (87.6%) of 105 sonographically
      monitored fine-needle punctures of focal lesions of the liver; in 13 cases
      (12.4%) the diagnosis was wrong. Both groups were compared with each other in
      respect of the anatomic and sonographic properties of the puncture targets and
      the technique of biopsy employed. Reflexibility and definability of the lesions
      did not influence the number of wrong diagnoses in puncture sonography; likewise,
      the following factors did not affect the quota of errors: the macroscopic
      structure of the punctate; the outer diameter of the fine needle; and the fact
      whether puncture was effected by means of a special biopsy sound head or by free
      hand technique. Limited influence was exercised by the size and depth position of
      the intrahepatic space-occupying growths and by the number of punctures.

PMID- 6385246
TI  - [The extracranial carotid artery in a high-resolution real-time ultrasonic
      imaging system: the morphological findings in healthy young adults].
AB  - Using a high-resolution ultrasound real time scanner the average normal
      appearance of the carotid bifurcation, variations and especially norms for the
      average diameters of the common, internal and external carotid arteries were
      established in 53 healthy young adults. Highly significant correlations were
      found between a variety of anthropometric parameters (body weight, height, body
      surface area) and the diameters of the common and internal carotids (p less than
      0.001) and less pronounced of the external carotid (p less than 0.05). No
      statistically significant differences between the two sides of the neck were
      found. The average carotid diameters were larger in men compared with women in
      accordance with the anthropometric data (p less than 0.001). The carotid bulb was
      more pronounced in men than in women (p less than 0.05). The average thickness of
      the "sonographic tunica intima" was 0.3 mm. This does not exactly correspond to
      the anatomical tunica intima, which is actually thinner. It is, however, valuable
      as normal reference in diagnosing early pathological changes (arteriosclerosis)
      of the vessel wall. Based on these measurements, pathological changes in these
      vessels--dilating as well as occlusive arterial disease--or variations and
      changes with age can definitely be better evaluated.

PMID- 6385247
TI  - Effects of metal compounds on mitochondrial function: a review.

PMID- 6385248
TI  - Chlorination of ozonated soil fulvic acid: mutagenicity studies in Salmonella.
AB  - Samples of soil fulvic acid (SFA) were ozonated and subsequently chlorinated
      under acidic or slightly basic conditions. The residues were tested for His+
      reversion in a fluctuation assay, using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 as the
      tester strain. The ozonated/chlorinated samples were mutagenic, but activity was
      dependent on the amount of ozone utilized and the pH of the reaction medium.
      Although increases in cell concentrations were also induced by some mutagenic
      samples, this alone did not account for the mutagenicity observed. Unchlorinated
      samples displayed insignificant activity.

PMID- 6385249
TI  - Congress, NIH dedicate center to Mary Lasker.

PMID- 6385250
TI  - Fourier transform mass spectrometry.
AB  - Fourier transform mass spectrometry will play an important role in the future
      because of its unique combination of high mass resolution, high upper mass limit,
      and multichannel advantage. These features have already found application in gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry, multiphoton ionization, laser desorption, and
      secondary ion mass spectrometry. However, its most notable feature is the ability
      to store ions. This characteristic, when combined with the others, will allow
      expeditious study of the interaction of gas-phase ions with both photons
      (photodissociation) and neutral molecules, and the convenient application of this
      fundamental information for chemical analysis.

PMID- 6385251
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - Techniques for on-line coupling of high-performance liquid chromatography with
      mass spectrometry are reviewed with particular emphasis on those suitable for
      application to nonvolatile samples. The present status of various techniques is
      summarized and the strengths and weaknesses of the various approaches are
      assessed. The potential for future application of recently developed techniques
      for combined liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry is discussed.

PMID- 6385252
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance technology for medical studies.
AB  - Nuclear magnetic resonance proton imaging provides anatomical definition of
      normal and abnormal tissues with a contrast and detection sensitivity superior to
      those of x-ray computed tomography in the human head and pelvis and parts of the
      cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems. Recent improvements in technology
      should lead to advances in diagnostic imaging of the breast and regions of the
      abdomen. Selected-region nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of protons,
      carbon-13, and phosphorus-31 has developed into a basic science tool for in vivo
      studies on man and a unique tool for clinical diagnoses of metabolic disorders.
      At present, nuclear magnetic resonance is considered safe if access to the magnet
      environment is controlled. Technological advances employing field strengths over
      2 teslas will require biophysical studies of heating and static field effects.

PMID- 6385253
TI  - Laser chemical analysis.
AB  - Selected applications of laser methods to analytical problems are reviewed.
      Examples are chosen from multiphoton ionization and laser fluorescence analysis.
      Although efforts to carry out elemental analysis with laser techniques are
      probably the most advanced, studies suggest that the analysis of molecular
      species is also quite promising, particularly in regard to interfacing laser
      fluorimetric detection with high-performance liquid chromatography. Recent
      experiments indicate that analysts can expect to attain in a number of cases the
      ultimate limit of single-atom or single-molecule detection with laser-based
      methods.

PMID- 6385254
TI  - Contemporary methodology for protein structure determination.
AB  - The techniques used for the characterization of protein and peptide structure
      have undergone great changes that have improved the speed, reliability, and
      applicability of the process. High-performance liquid chromatography and gel
      electrophoresis have made the purification of proteins and peptides a routine
      procedure, even when the compound of interest is a minor component of a complex
      biological mixture. The chemistry and instrumentation used in amino acid analysis
      and amino acid sequencing now permit the analysis of as little as 5 to 50
      picomoles of samples. This represents an increase in sensitivity of more than a
      thousandfold over the last 10 years and has made possible the structural analysis
      of a wide variety of scarce but important compounds.

PMID- 6385255
TI  - Pulmonary disease in polymyositis/dermatomyositis.

PMID- 6385256
TI  - Staging and surgical evaluation of ovarian cancer.
AB  - Ovarian carcinoma is the only female genital malignancy surgically staged.
      Appropriate preoperative roentgenographic, isotopic, and endoscopic studies can
      help define the spread of disease and the extent of surgery required. At surgery,
      the common sites of metastases--pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes, diaphragm,
      serosal surfaces and omentum--should be examined and biopsied or excised. Total
      hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and appendectomy should also be
      performed in patients with epithelial ovarian tumors. Evidence suggests that
      patients who have had optimal cytoreduction of the tumor (less than 1.5 cm) have
      a better outcome following chemotherapy. Patients who have no clinical or CT
      evidence of disease after a full course of chemotherapy should be explored to
      confirm disease status. Peritoneoscopy can be used as an interval procedure to
      assess response to treatment.

PMID- 6385257
TI  - The use of intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the treatment of ovarian cancer.

PMID- 6385258
TI  - Experimental model systems of ovarian cancer: applications to the design and
      evaluation of new treatment approaches.

PMID- 6385259
TI  - A comparative trial of mitoxantrone and doxorubicin in patients with minimally
      pretreated breast cancer.
AB  - A randomized trial began in 1980 comparing the efficacy and toxicity of
      mitoxantrone and doxorubicin. Patients with metastatic breast cancer unresponsive
      to cyclophosphamide-methotrexate-5-fluorouracil with or without tamoxifen were
      randomized to either mitoxantrone, 12 mg/m2, or doxorubicin, 60 mg/m2, every 3
      weeks. Patients were crossed over to the alternative treatment if they progressed
      after two courses or fail to respond after four courses. Fifty-nine patients have
      been randomized at the present time, and most of these have a performance status
      near to normal. During initial therapy, partial responses were obtained in 10 of
      25 patients receiving doxorubicin, and a further 12 showed stable disease; 3
      showed progressive disease. Of the 26 patients who received mitoxantrone as
      initial therapy, 7 achieved a partial response, 14 had stable disease, and 5
      progressive disease. Twenty-seven patients received doxorubicin or mitoxantrone
      as secondary therapy; two patients each responded to these drugs, suggesting a
      lack of cross-resistance. The median time to response was 48 days for doxorubicin
      and 57 days for mitoxantrone. The duration of partial responses measured from the
      onset of response was similar for both drugs, being 84 days for doxorubicin and
      96 days for mitoxantrone. Hematologic toxicity, vomiting, alopecia, and fatigue
      tended to be less frequent and less severe with mitoxantrone than with
      doxorubicin. Mitoxantrone appears to be an effective and well-tolerated agent for
      breast cancer. Definitive comparisons will be available at the completion of this
      study.

PMID- 6385260
TI  - Mitoxantrone and cyclophosphamide in advanced breast cancer: a pilot study.
AB  - A trial of combination chemotherapy using mitoxantrone-cyclophosphamide was
      started in 1983. Sixteen patients with widely metastatic cancer of the breast,
      including one man, received mitoxantrone, 10 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) over 30
      minutes on day 1, followed by cyclophosphamide, 200 mg/m2 by mouth (PO) daily in
      divided doses on days 3 to 6. It is too early to evaluate four patients at
      present. The remaining 12 received three or more courses of treatment, and three
      of these patients achieved a complete response. Another four patients went into
      partial remission, amounting to an overall response rate of 58%. The other
      evaluable patients showed stable disease with improved symptoms. Hematologic
      toxicity was mainly granulocytopenia, but thrombocytopenia occurred in two
      patients. Alopecia, nausea, and vomiting were attributed to the cyclophosphamide
      component of the therapy. Mitoxantrone appeared to have no cardiac toxicity. It
      was concluded that mitoxantrone-cyclophosphamide is an effective chemotherapeutic
      combination with minimal toxicity and should be further studied in larger
      controlled trials.

PMID- 6385261
TI  - A randomized comparison of cyclophosphamide-mitoxantrone-5-fluorouracil v
      cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-5-fluorouracil in advanced breast cancer:
      preliminary observations.
AB  - Forty-four patients with measurable metastatic breast cancer have been entered in
      a randomized study comparing mitoxantrone to doxorubicin as a component of front
      line combination chemotherapy. Patients were stratified according to whether or
      not they had previously received adjuvant chemotherapy. Initial doses of
      cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil were 500 mg/m2 for both regimens, with either
      mitoxantrone, 10 mg/m2, or doxorubicin, 50 mg/m2. All drugs were given on day 1
      only, with treatments repeated every 3 weeks. Doses were adjusted according to
      blood count nadirs. Responses have been observed in both of the treatment groups,
      though it is too early to determine the relative efficacy of the two regimens.
      Toxicity was comparable on the two treatment regimens except that far less
      alopecia and stomatitis were associated with the mitoxantrone therapy. No
      congestive heart failure has been seen. The combination of cyclophosphamide
      mitoxantrone-5-fluorouracil is reasonably well tolerated, with myelosuppression
      being dose limiting. In both treatment groups of this study, reliance on the
      leucocyte count, rather than the granulocyte count, as a basis for dose
      alteration or treatment delay would lead to excessive dose reductions, many fewer
      dose escalations, and much more treatment delay.

PMID- 6385262
TI  - Mitoxantrone, cyclophosphamide, and 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of hormonally
      unresponsive metastatic breast cancer.
AB  - Fifty-five patients with newly diagnosed, estrogen receptor negative, metastatic
      breast cancer were entered in a trial of mitoxantrone, 10 mg/m2 intravenous (IV),
      cyclophosphamide, 500 mg/m2 IV, and 5-fluorouracil, 1000 mg/m2 IV, which were
      given on day 1 of a 21-day treatment interval. This trial was designed to test
      the efficacy of substituting mitoxantrone for doxorubicin as part of a
      combination that has proved to be effective in inducing remission. The trial was
      also intended to evaluate the response of resistant disease and of stable
      metastatic disease to a combination of doxorubicin and vinblastine sulfate. The
      cardiotoxic potential of mitoxantrone was evaluated in all the patients by serial
      measurements of ejection fraction and by endocardial biopsy of the right
      ventricle. Patients who achieved a complete response or a partial response (with
      bone as the only site of disease) on the three-drug combination were continued on
      this treatment for 2 years, or for 1 year following a complete response,
      whichever was shorter or as cardiac monitoring permitted. Therapy with
      doxorubicin, 25 mg/m2/d for two days, followed by continuous infusion vinblastine
      sulfate, 1.4 mg/m2/d for four days, was given to all patients who progressed
      after two courses or were stable after six courses of three-drug therapy. The
      preliminary results from 50 patients show that 4 attained a complete response and
      30 a partial response, giving a total response rate of 68%. The median duration
      of response was more than 7 months (range greater than 5 to greater than 15
      months). One patient in complete remission relapsed after 8 months and failed
      reinduction therapy with doxorubicin-vinblastine sulfate. Myelosuppression,
      principally granulocytopenia, was the major side effect of cyclophosphamide
      mitoxantrone-5-fluorouracil. Mild to moderate vomiting occurred in 76% of
      patients and alopecia in 88%. This therapy was discontinued in four patients
      because of a decreased cardiac ejection fraction and/or symptoms of heart
      failure. No cardiac biopsy score, however, has been greater than 1.0. These
      results suggest that a combination of cyclophosphamide-mitoxantrone-5
      fluorouracil is effective in untreated, estrogen receptor negative, metastatic
      breast cancer and is comparable to the doxorubicin combination. Myocardial injury
      occurs with mitoxantrone, and a safe cumulative dose has yet to be established.

PMID- 6385263
TI  - Mitoxantrone in relapsed and refractory acute leukemia.
AB  - Mitoxantrone is a relatively new synthetic anthracenedione derivative with
      intercalating properties. An in vitro study with established leukemia cell lines
      indicated that DNA strand breaks were caused by mitoxantrone; when these were
      progressive after the initial insult, the cell line was sensitive to the drug.
      Clinical trials involved patients with relapsed and/or refractory acute leukemia.
      None of the patients receiving a single slow infusion of mitoxantrone achieved a
      complete remission. A five day treatment regimen produced an overall response
      rate of 48% with a complete remission rate of 25%. Toxicity in these preliminary
      studies was limited compared to that expected with the anthracycline antibiotics.
      Alopecia and nausea were the only commonly observed side effects. The trials were
      too short, however, to evaluate possible cardiac toxicity. Mitoxantrone is an
      acute and relatively nontoxic agent that merits further study to identify its
      role in the first line therapy of acute leukemia; such studies are underway.

PMID- 6385265
TI  - Mitoxantrone in the treatment of relapsed and refractory acute leukemia.
AB  - Eleven academic institutions were selected to study mitoxantrone administered on
      a schedule of 10 mg/m2/d for five days initially and later at 12 mg/m2/d for five
      days, each given as a 30 minute intravenous (IV) infusion each day. Patients with
      acute or chronic leukemia were stratified by leukemic type and clinical status
      and included one group of patients considered to be in relapse after complete
      remission from previous chemotherapy and another group of patients considered
      refractory to standard induction and/or salvage chemotherapy. During the initial
      treatment schedule, complete remissions were obtained in two of seven patients
      with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia, in one of three patients with acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia, but in none of the patients with chronic granulocytic
      leukemia in blast crisis. The durations of remission for these three patients
      were 22, 57, and 78 days, respectively. An increase in mitoxantrone dose to 12
      mg/m2/d produced complete remissions in 8 of 19 evaluable patients with acute
      nonlymphoblastic leukemia, in one of ten patients with refractory acute
      nonlymphoblastic leukemia, and in one of four patients with chronic granulocytic
      leukemia in blast crisis. Each of these patients required only a single course of
      mitoxantrone to achieve remission; the median time to remission was 37 days
      (range 18 to 64 days). Remission duration ranged from 35 days (chronic
      granulocytic leukemia) to 186 days, with the median duration for those patients
      with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia achieving remission being 135 days. Of the
      six patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, none achieved remission at the
      higher dose level. Drug-related gastrointestinal toxicity included mucositis
      (25%), diarrhea (21%), and nausea and vomiting (61%). Systemic infection
      (nonfatal) was experienced by 21% of patients and alopecia by 17%. Other side
      effects that occurred occasionally were hepatic dysfunction, decreased renal
      function, confusion, lethargy, anxiety, and fever. Possible drug-related
      phlebitis developed in one patient, and a single episode of minor epistaxis was
      reported in another. Cardiovascular toxicity was low. At a mitoxantrone dose of
      10 mg/m2/d for five days, one patient developed hypotension, and one episode of
      congestive heart failure was reported in another. At the higher dose of 12
      mg/m2/d, no drug-related hypotension, congestive heart failure, tachycardia, or
      chest pain were reported. These data indicate that mitoxantrone is a promising
      single drug for the treatment of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia and possibly for
      acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

PMID- 6385264
TI  - Mitoxantrone as a single agent and in combination chemotherapy in patients with
      refractory acute leukemia.
AB  - A total of 47 patients with relapsed or primarily refractory leukemia were
      treated with mitoxantrone alone or in combination with vincristine sulfate and
      prednisone or cytarabine. Eligible patients included those with adequate renal
      and hepatic function, normal left ventricular ejection fraction, and those who
      had received previous treatment. When mitoxantrone was given alone in a once
      daily times five schedule, 5 of 12 acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients achieved
      complete remission; 4 of these patients had been refractory to reinduction and 1
      to induction chemotherapy with anthracycline-containing treatments. Four of these
      patients had progressive disease, and three died during induction. Of 12 patients
      with acute myeloid leukemia, 1 had a complete remission, 1 had a partial
      remission, 8 had progressive disease, and 2 died during induction. Mitoxantrone
      was also found to be active in two patients in the blastic transformation of
      chronic myeloid leukemia with a response in one patient lasting 17 weeks.
      Combinations of mitoxantrone with vincristine sulfate and prednisone resulted in
      complete remission in four of nine acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients and one
      of four patients with Tdt-positive chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis.
      Three of these patients had not experienced a prior remission following
      anthracycline-containing treatments. Partial remission occurred in two of the
      acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients and one of the Tdt-positive chronic myeloid
      leukemia patients. Two of this latter group of patients died in induction.
      Treatment with mitoxantrone and cytarabine resulted in two acute myeloid leukemia
      patients achieving complete remission and one a partial remission; two patients
      had progressive disease, and one died in induction. No response was seen in a
      patient with Tdt-negative chronic myeloid leukemia after two courses of
      treatment. One patient with acute leukemia in the course of myelofibrosis died in
      induction. All the patients achieving complete remission are alive and have been
      in complete remission from 2 to 12 months. Side effects included mild nausea and
      vomiting in 9 of 13 patients treated with the mitoxantrone-vincristine sulfate
      prednisone combination, and in 3 of 8 patients treated with the mitoxantrone
      cytarabine combination. Other side effects of the combination treatments include
      drug-induced oral mucositis (of a lesser degree than with mitoxantrone alone),
      transient hepatic abnormalities, and infectious complications, such as sepsis,
      Candida sp colonization of the upper digestive tract, and soft tissue cellulitis,
      in a few patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6385266
TI  - Clinical safety and tolerance of mitoxantrone.
AB  - Mitoxantrone has been administered to more than 4000 patients worldwide. From
      this data base, a summary of the latest information is presented on the effect of
      mitoxantrone on bone marrow, on its nonmyelosuppressive acute toxicities, on its
      local tolerability, and on measurements of organ function. Most of these patients
      had solid tumors and were treated with an initial dose of mitoxantrone (12 to 14
      mg/m2). Predictable leucopenia was dose limiting, but clinically significant
      suppression of RBC or platelet count was rare. Other hematologic or blood
      chemistry abnormalities were infrequent. The most common adverse clinical effects
      were nausea and vomiting, stomatitis, and alopecia, though the majority of these
      cases were mild. Many patients experienced no adverse reactions to mitoxantrone;
      there have been no reports of cellulitis, vesication, or tissue necrosis
      following extravasation. From the global experience with mitoxantrone, it seems
      that for patients who have not previously received anthracycline therapy, the
      risk of congestive heart failure is minimal up to a cumulative mitoxantrone dose
      of 160 mg/m2. In randomized, comparative clinical trials in advanced breast
      cancer, using mitoxantrone or doxorubicin either as single agents or in
      combination with other standard drugs, the incidence of moderate or severe acute
      toxic side effects was much lower for patients treated with mitoxantrone or
      mitoxantrone-containing combinations. From these data, it is clear that
      mitoxantrone has an exceptional safety profile, particularly with regard to acute
      nonmyelosuppressive toxicity and local tolerability. This offers the patient a
      better quality of life during antineoplastic chemotherapy.

PMID- 6385267
TI  - Role of the liver in normal iron metabolism.
AB  - An integrated approach to normal hepatic iron metabolism requires an
      understanding of the complex interactions between the dynamic processes of iron
      uptake, utilization, storage, and release. Lack of knowledge of the specific
      chemical and physical properties of certain critical compartments of hepatic iron
      (such as the transit pool and hemosiderin) and of their relative turnover rates
      has made it extremely difficult to assign precise parameters to their dynamic
      interactions. With refinement in biochemical and biophysical techniques and with
      their application to valid biologic models, it should be possible to obtain
      insights into these areas, which are currently obscure.

PMID- 6385268
TI  - Transferrin metabolism and the liver.

PMID- 6385269
TI  - Ferritin metabolism and the liver.

PMID- 6385270
TI  - Genetic hemochromatosis.

PMID- 6385271
TI  - Normal physiology of copper metabolism.

PMID- 6385272
TI  - Copper: its role in the pathogenesis of liver disease.

PMID- 6385273
TI  - Other trace elements and the liver.

PMID- 6385274
TI  - The second O T Khoo Foundation lecture. A new theory on the mechanism of the
      blood transfusion effect in transplantation.

PMID- 6385275
TI  - Characterization of plasmids from clinical isolates of Bacteroides.

PMID- 6385277
TI  - Dilemmas of modernization in primary health care in Western Samoa.
AB  - This paper examines the historical development of rural women's associations
      (komiti tumama) in Western Samoa under New Zealand's colonial administration.
      These associations came to be the backbone of public health programmes and played
      a crucial role in preventive medicine at the village level: they embodied all the
      principles now subsumed under the rubric 'primary health care'. The successful
      growth of a rural, self-help system of primary health care in Samoa resulted from
      the use of traditional institutions to promote new practices in sanitation and
      health care. The system rewarded and fostered village autonomy and enhanced the
      status of married women. This paper argues that a stagnation in community-based
      health programmes linked in part to an increasing unwillingness of rural women's
      associations to support such programmes has occurred most particularly in the
      past decade. It is proposed that this stagnation may be related to overall
      problems of modernization in the Western Samoan economy, professionalization and
      bureaucratization of the national health services, and the ritualization of
      certain key practices (such as the inspection of village sanitation) in
      preventive medicine by rural women. The consequences of the stagnation for rural
      people have been a greater dependence upon curative medical services, and a loss
      of clearly defined roles for women's institutions in primary health care. The
      historical drift has been away from rather than towards the PHC model as espoused
      today by the World Health Organization and as initiated by the New Zealand
      administration in colonial times.

PMID- 6385278
TI  - Comparative antihypertensive and endocrinologic effects of clonidine and prazosin
      in patients with essential hypertension.
AB  - The acute and chronic effects of fixed dosages of clonidine and prazosin on
      supine and upright blood pressure, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and
      plasma catecholamines were compared in 24 patients with essential hypertension.
      The patients were randomized into two groups; 11 received chlorthalidone (50 mg
      daily) throughout the protocol, but 13 received no diuretic. Clonidine was
      generally more effective in lowering systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the
      supine posture throughout the study; prazosin tended to decrease blood pressure
      in the upright posture more effectively, especially during the first week of
      treatment. The only truly significant difference was found after four weeks of
      treatment when the decrease in supine systolic blood pressure by clonidine of
      26.5 +/- 8.9 mm Hg was greater than that of 1.7 +/- 5.6 mm Hg produced by
      prazosin (P less than .05).

PMID- 6385276
TI  - Giant synovial cysts.
AB  - Giant synovial cysts (GSC) are large, well-defined cavities, containing synovial
      fluid and lined by a synovium-like membrane, which extend for a variable distance
      outside the joint cavity. We are reporting 15 cases of GSC of various joints.
      Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common disease process reported in association
      with GSC. We suggest that trauma may be a more important cause of GSC than has
      previously been described. Arthrography and ultrasonography are both helpful in
      diagnosing these large cysts, especially in the knee to aid in differentiating
      GSC from thrombophlebitis.

PMID- 6385279
TI  - Clinical spectrum of pulmonary aspergillosis.
AB  - Aspergillus produces diverse pulmonary manifestations, its clinical spectrum
      extending from harmless saprophytic colonization to universally lethal
      disseminated infection. Management of the conditions produced by Aspergillus is
      also diverse and may consist of either observation or treatment with
      corticosteroid agents or amphotericin B. The factors that influence the
      expression of Aspergillus into a specific clinical entity are not well
      understood, but are believed to be related to immune status, both pulmonary and
      systemic, and the genetic composition of the host.

PMID- 6385280
TI  - Management of variceal hemorrhage.

PMID- 6385281
TI  - Calcified abdominal Castleman's disease: plain film and sonographic features.
AB  - Benign lymph node hyperplasia or Castleman's disease is an unusual entity, which
      rarely calcifies and is characteristically found near the hila of the lungs or in
      the mediastinum. In the case we have reported, a calcified mass in the left upper
      abdominal quadrant proved to be a rare case of abdominal Castleman's disease.

PMID- 6385282
TI  - Goldblatt phenomenon in a single kidney: the importance of subselective renal
      vein renins.
AB  - We have reported a case of renovascular hypertension in a patient with a solitary
      kidney with a significant stenosis of one of three separate renal arteries.
      Elevated renins were detected only with segmental sampling. We believe cases of
      renovascular hypertension may be overlooked on angiography and consequently,
      without segmental renin samples, lateralizing renin elevation may not be
      discovered.

PMID- 6385283
TI  - Pulmonary pseudolymphoma.
AB  - Pseudolymphomas of the lung are extremely rare with approximately 30 cases
      reported in the literature. Histologically it may be impossible to distinguish a
      benign pseudolymphoma from a malignant lymphoma. Immunoperoxidase staining has
      been proposed to help predict the benign or malignant potential of these
      conditions. Results thus far have been inconclusive, but a monoclonal pattern has
      tended to predict malignant potential. We have reported a pulmonary
      pseudolymphoma that failed to stain with the immunoperoxidase technique due to
      improper tissue fixation. After four years of clinical follow-up, the patient
      remains disease free.

PMID- 6385284
TI  - Antenatal diagnosis of Turner's syndrome.
AB  - The prenatal identification of a cystic mass in the region of the fetal cervical
      neck should raise the possibility of a cystic hygroma which is commonly
      associated with Turner's syndrome. Differential diagnosis should also include
      benign cystic teratoma, meningocele, encephalocele, and meningoencephalocele.
      Careful sonographic evaluation of the fetus can help differentiate these
      possibilities.

PMID- 6385285
TI  - Acute renal failure after digital subtraction angiography.

PMID- 6385286
TI  - Renal transplantation in a developing country: anesthesia and other
      considerations.
AB  - The Renal Transplant Team at Tulane University Medical Center has been involved
      in training a multispecialty group of Guatemalan physicians to perform renal
      transplantations in Guatemala. The purpose is to train the physicians in their
      own country, using available equipment and personnel so that they can perform
      successful operations in our absence. This paper is a review of the
      considerations involved in the initial renal transplantation done in Guatemala by
      the Tulane Renal Transplant Team. The need for a preliminary site visit was
      paramount. Personnel, facilities, and both surgical and anesthesia equipment and
      supplies were carefully evaluated. The recipient was a 22-year-old man with end
      stage renal disease due to chronic glomerulonephritis. The donor was a healthy 33
      year-old brother. This article is not intended to review renal transplantation in
      the United States, but to show what is feasible in a developing country where
      many drugs and equipment are not available.

PMID- 6385287
TI  - Chronic pain.
AB  - Chronic pain has attracted more and more attention lately as a condition in its
      own right, regardless of the disorder that started it. We now know more about the
      central mechanisms involved in modulation and modification of pain perception and
      understand better the multitude of factors involved in bringing it about. A
      similarity to depression is no coincidence, even though the two entities are not
      the same. Currently, the most often recommended treatment is interdisciplinary
      and multimodal, a combination of treatments leading to better results than any
      one mode. This paper presents some treatment recommendations that may enable the
      primary physician to treat this condition without referral to a pain center.

PMID- 6385289
TI  - Bilateral calcified ovarian fibromas.
AB  - A 12-year-old girl with abdominal pain and occasional dark vaginal discharge was
      found upon abdominal x-ray examination to have amorphous pelvic calcification.
      Calcification can occur in ovarian fibromas and should be considered as a cause
      of amorphous pelvic calcification in female patients. When bilateral, calcified,
      and nodular, the possibility of basal cell nevus syndrome is suggested.

PMID- 6385288
TI  - Pharmacologic management of Raynaud's phenomenon.
AB  - Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) represents a wide spectrum of disease activity.
      Specific pharmacologic therapy, when indicated, should be based upon the
      clinician's understanding of drug effectiveness and side effects. We present an
      update of currently available pharmacologic agents being used for RP and review
      the effectiveness and side effects of these drugs.

PMID- 6385290
TI  - Treatment of malignant tracheoesophageal fistula due to histiocytic lymphoma.
AB  - A patient had a tracheoesophageal fistula resulting from malignant histiocytoma.
      Surgical treatment included esophagectomy and repair of the left main-stem
      bronchus. Gastrointestinal continuity was restored by a right colon interposition
      after chemotherapy.

PMID- 6385291
TI  - Women in medical school.

PMID- 6385292
TI  - [Militaro-sanitary services during World War II (based on the data of the "Voenno
      Meditsinskii Zhurnal"].

PMID- 6385293
TI  - [Contribution of I.V. Beliaev to the organization of sanitary engineering in the
      Don Basin].

PMID- 6385294
TI  - [A.F. Maslovskii--prominent Ukrainian physician of the 18th century].

PMID- 6385295
TI  - [The medical museum of the Ukraine].

PMID- 6385296
TI  - [History of the popularization of medical knowledge in Russia. L.M. Chichagov and
      his "Talks on Medicine"].

PMID- 6385297
TI  - [Polychemotherapy of lymphosarcoma by the COP program].

PMID- 6385298
TI  - [Dekaris in chronic nonspecific lung diseases].

PMID- 6385299
TI  - [Halothane hepatitis].

PMID- 6385300
TI  - [Verapamil in the treatment and prevention of supraventricular disorders of
      cardiac rhythm].

PMID- 6385301
TI  - [Development of a method for establishing care priorities in the health sector].

PMID- 6385302
TI  - [Intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography of vascular prostheses by fine
      needle puncture].

PMID- 6385303
TI  - [Are ionic CT contrast media still defensible? Results of a double-blind study].

PMID- 6385304
TI  - [Use of hypo-osmolar contrast media in urography--results of an interindividual,
      randomized double-blind study].

PMID- 6385305
TI  - [Digital imaging in roentgen diagnosis].

PMID- 6385306
TI  - [Combined pregnancy--early diagnosis by ultrasound. Case report].
AB  - Combined intra- and extra-uterine pregnancies are rare. Pre-operative diagnosis
      is difficult and is made in only about 10% of patients. With the use of
      ultrasound, however, it is possible to make an earlier diagnosis and institute
      proper treatment.

PMID- 6385307
TI  - Vitamin B6 revisited. Evidence of subclinical deficiencies in various segments of
      the population and possible consequences thereof.
AB  - The importance of vitamin B6 in human nutrition is discussed with special
      reference to the possibility of undetected long-term subclinical deficiencies in
      the population at large. It is well known that this vitamin plays a vital role in
      many physiological processes, such as amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism and
      the immune process. In view of the well-documented photo- and thermolability of
      the different B6 vitamers it stands to reason that serious dangers to health may
      be associated with undetected, lingering subclinical deficiencies, e.g. induction
      of and predisposition to various diseases (such as atherosclerosis, multiple
      sclerosis, degeneration of the myelin sheath of the central nervous system). With
      the advent of modern analytical techniques it is now imperative that a survey of
      the vitamin B6 status of a representative sample of the population at large be
      performed, and that fortification of key food items and/or other means of B6
      supplementation be considered pending the outcome of such a survey.

PMID- 6385308
TI  - The genetics of diabetes mellitus, including the South African perspective.
AB  - By and large, essential diabetes mellitus is thought to be 50% inherited and 50%
      environmental. In insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) there is a strong
      link with the HLA system with regard to the inheritance of 'susceptible' diabetic
      genes, especially the DR3 and DR4 alleles. In IDDM environmental factors act in a
      predisposed individual to initiate an immune response with resultant beta-cell
      damage and destruction. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) has no
      clear HLA link, but has been shown in studies of twins to have a stronger genetic
      basis than IDDM. In NIDDM environmental factors (race, ethnicity, diet, obesity)
      have an important influence on the clinical expression of the disease and the
      severity of complications in a genetically predisposed individual. The non
      insulin-dependent diabetes of the young (NIDDY) variant and the phenomenon of
      chlorpropamide-primed alcohol-induced flushing both underline the heterogeneity
      of NIDDM. Because of the heterogeneous nature and multifactorial inheritance
      pattern of diabetes mellitus, accurate genetic counselling is not possible as
      yet. However, data to date suggest that it is unwise to advise prospective
      parents not to procreate, since the overall risk of the development of clinical
      diabetes mellitus is extremely low.

PMID- 6385309
TI  - Oxprenolol plus ethanol causes no central nervous system depression--a comparison
      with lorazepam plus ethanol.
AB  - Oxprenolol, a fat-soluble beta-adrenergic blocker, promoted as an anxiolytic
      agent to alleviate peripheral symptoms associated with anxiety, and lorazepam, a
      1,4-benzodiazepine anxiolytic drug, may both depress central nervous system (CNS)
      function. It is generally accepted that ethanol, when concurrently ingested,
      potentiates the CNS-depressant effects of drugs. The effects on CNS function of
      oxprenolol, lorazepam and placebo alone and in combination with ethanol were
      determined by a Leeds Psychomotor Tester and we concluded that oxprenolol in
      combination with ethanol is less hazardous to people operating power
      tools/machines or driving motor vehicles than the combination of lorazepam with
      ethanol.

PMID- 6385310
TI  - The public cost of kidney disease.
AB  - As part of the general concern with the cost of medical care, attention is being
      focused on the End-Stage Renal Disease program. However, much confusion surrounds
      the issue of the cost of end-stage renal care. This article seeks to clarify some
      of the points inherent in this issue by addressing the following questions: Who
      is covered by the program? How expensive is the program? Why have costs
      increased? Can costs be reduced without sacrificing quality or access? And, how
      can one object to a program that extends life?

PMID- 6385311
TI  - The mediated effect of endotoxin and lead upon hepatic metabolism.
AB  - A test was made of the possibility that gram-negative bacterial cell wall
      lipopolysaccharides acted directly on key glucoregulatory enzymes in rat liver
      cytosol to cause the characteristic hypoglycemia of severe endotoxemia. Fasted
      male rats were sensitized to endotoxin by the simultaneous intravenous injection
      of lead acetate. The minimum systemic dosage of endotoxin necessary to perturb
      the normal pattern of hepatic glycolytic intermediates was determined by serial
      testing with diminishing dosages of endotoxin. The hepatocyte concentration of
      endotoxin was then calculated from this minimum dosage by use of literature data
      on the fraction of endotoxin delivered to liver cells after a systemic
      intravenous injection of radiochromium labeled lipopolysaccharides. Accepting a
      molecular weight of 118,000 daltons for the smallest endotoxin monomer capable of
      evoking a physiologic response, the molar amount of endotoxin present in 1 gram
      of hepatocytes was readily calculated. The concentration of glucoregulatory
      enzymes in parenchymal cells was then estimated from other literature sources. It
      was found that the amount of endotoxin in the hepatocytes was insufficient to
      combine directly with even 1 per cent of the quantity of a single key
      glucoregulatory enzyme in liver parenchyma. Since a one to one stoichiometric
      reaction between endotoxin and enzyme could not occur in the liver cytosol, a
      direct interaction mechanism between agonist and biocatalyst can be ruled out. It
      is concluded that bacterial endotoxin must act on hepatic glucoregulation by an
      indirect mechanism presumably based upon the release and operation of mediators.

PMID- 6385312
TI  - Ultrasonography versus roentgenography in suspected instances of
      cholecystolithiasis.
AB  - In a consecutive series of 102 patients with no jaundice and with symptoms of
      cholecystolithiasis, the predictions from both ultrasonography and
      cholecystography were compared with the final diagnosis. The accuracy of both
      examinations was high. However, in 38 per cent, single dose oral cholecystography
      failed to visualize the gallbladder whereas ultrasonography was conclusive in all
      patients. Judged by a simple scoring system, ultrasonography obtained a
      significantly better score than cholecystography (p less than 0.01) and an
      insignificantly better score than combined oral and intravenous cholecystography
      (0.05 less than p less than 0.1). Ultrasonography is recommended as the primary
      investigation in suspected instances of cholecystolithiasis.

PMID- 6385313
TI  - Long term consequences of bacterial colonization of the biliary tract after
      choledochostomy.
AB  - We studied 48 patients--36 who underwent cholecystectomy and choledochotomy
      choledochostomy for cholesterol gallstones and 12 patients as controls who
      underwent different types of extrabiliary operations. In our material, we
      observed that, in a high proportion of instances, infected bile during the early
      postoperative period remained contaminated for six months postoperatively--in an
      obviously unobstructed bile duct. In patients in whom Escherichia coli was
      isolated both early and late postoperatively, a statistical significancy was
      found. This phenomenon consists of a favorable condition for precipitation of
      calcium bilirubinate, triggering new pigment stone formation.

PMID- 6385314
TI  - Proximal gastric vagotomy versus selective vagotomy with antrectomy: results of a
      prospective, randomized clinical trial after four to twelve years.
AB  - This prospective, randomized study of selective vagotomy with antrectomy (SVA)
      versus proximal gastric vagotomy (PGV) for patients with duodenal ulcer compares
      the incidence of recurrent duodenal ulcer and postoperative morbidity during a 4-
      to 12-year follow-up period. In 46 patients with SVA there were no recurrent
      ulcers, but 26% of these individuals had serious digestive problems that were not
      amenable to medical treatment. The 40 patients with PGV had eight recurrent
      ulcers (20%), but five of these were found in the first 15 patients (33%)
      compared with three in the 25 patients (12%) who had operations after the need
      for extensive periesophageal denervation was discovered in the mid-1970s. Most
      recurrent ulcers were amenable to medical treatment, but 5% of the patients who
      had PGV had postoperative dysphagia that required periodic bougienage. The data
      are consistent with several interpretations, depending on the bias of the
      individual. However, based upon the fact that recurrent ulcers could be managed
      nonoperatively after PGV versus the lack of effective treatments for
      postgastrectomy complaints after SVA, it is reasonable to consider wider use of
      PGV. There are reasons to believe that the variable ulcer recurrence rates after
      PGV can be explained by subtle differences in operative technique, including
      those based upon use of the Congo red test for completeness of vagotomy. Unlike
      SVA, PGV remains an operative procedure in evolution that requires further
      clinical investigation. At this time either operation can be applied if both the
      surgeon and the patient have a clear understanding of the possible effects.

PMID- 6385315
TI  - Metabolism during hepatic transplantation: indicators of allograft function.
AB  - In an attempt to determine the initial function of hepatic allografts, several
      metabolic indicators of hepatic function were studied intraoperatively in 12
      cases of hepatic transplantation. The operation was divided into three sampling
      periods: baseline, anhepatic, and reperfusion. During the baseline period plasma
      lactate levels rose at 2.6 mmol/L/hr and continued to rise at a similar rate
      during the anhepatic period. Baseline period total free plasma amino acid levels
      (TFPAA) rose at a moderate rate of 0.4 mmol/L/hr. During the anhepatic period
      TFPAA levels rose at a fivefold greater rate than during baseline (p less than
      0.01). The ability of the hepatic allograft to reduce abnormal levels of TFPAA
      and lactate during the reperfusion period was associated with reduced morbidity
      in the first 48 hours after transplantation. Intraoperative clearance of
      accumulated TFPAA is currently the best means of assessing initial allograft
      function. Elevated preoperative total serum bilirubin levels were also associated
      with increased early morbidity in hepatic transplant recipients.

PMID- 6385316
TI  - Partial splenic embolization, an alternative to splenectomy--results of a
      prospective, randomized study.
AB  - We conducted a prospective, randomized study comparing transcatheter partial
      splenic embolization (PSE) with splenectomy (SX) in 53 renal transplant
      candidates. An additional 112 PSE procedures were performed for various
      indications in 101 patients. STUDY RESULTS: A mean +/- SD of 65% +/- 16% of
      splenic mass was ablated in the PSE group. The early postoperative morbidity rate
      was similar in the two study groups, as was the duration of hospital stay.
      Abscess or rupture of the spleen were not encountered. Severe pancreatitis
      occurred only in the SX group. Renal transplantation was carried out in
      equivalent numbers in both groups, with a similar long-term (2.5 to 4.0 years)
      graft survival (60% versus 66%). No difference in long-term patient mortality was
      noted. Splenic "regeneration" occurred frequently after PSE. PSE experience
      exclusive of study: Embolization attempts failed in nine patients. Repeat PSE was
      performed in 11 of the 101 patients. Where hypersplenism was the primary
      indication, PSE resulted in significant improvement in the hematologic
      parameters. The incidence of serious complications was acceptably low. There were
      two late procedure-related deaths. Our conclusion from the study and the total
      experience of 137 PSE procedures is that PSE offers an acceptably safe
      alternative to SX in selected high-risk patients in whom both the surgical
      intervention and the resulting asplenic state carry a prohibitive risk.

PMID- 6385317
TI  - Surgical considerations of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - The surgical considerations pertaining to 173 continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis catheters were reviewed in 140 patients from 1979 through 1983. All
      catheters were inserted in the operating suite by an open technique. Local
      anesthesia was used in the majority of patients (59%). Catheter peritonitis was
      the most frequent complication, 228 episodes/2407 patient months. Twenty-three
      percent of the patients accounted for 51% of catheter-related peritonitis.
      Sixteen catheters were removed because of an inability to clear the infection.
      Intra-abdominal catastrophes were noted in four patients and differentiation from
      continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis peritonitis was based on serial
      examinations, bacteriologic cultures, and/or a progressive increase in free
      abdominal air. Surgically-related catheter complications were designated either
      early (less than 1 month) or late (greater than 1 month) in relation to catheter
      placement. Frequent early complications were mechanical flow problems and
      dialysate leaks. Five of 11 mechanical flow difficulties required catheter
      replacement while none of the dialysate leaks required surgical intervention, and
      all healed spontaneously. Common late complications included 35 tunnel
      infections, 23 of which were associated with peritonitis. Nine of these catheters
      (25%) were removed. Cuff extrusion was also associated with a high incidence
      (83%) of catheter attrition. Thirty-six patients underwent renal transplantation
      and in no instance did the catheter increase patient or renal allograft morbidity
      rates.

PMID- 6385318
TI  - Adult respiratory distress syndrome: improved oxygenation during high-frequency
      jet ventilation/continuous positive airway pressure.
AB  - The role of high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV)/continuous positive airway
      pressure (CPAP) and HFJV/intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) in the
      treatment of surgical patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome were
      evaluated. To compare the efficacy of HFJV to IMV at a constant FiO2 and positive
      end-expiratory pressure, patients in surgical intensive care were randomized to
      receive IMV/CPAP therapy or one of three modes of HFJV: (1) HFJV/CPAP alone, (2)
      HFJV/CPAP + IMV (1), or (3) HFJV/CPAP + IMV (2). Each patient served as his own
      control. During comparison of HFJV/CPAP + IMV (1) to HFJV/CPAP + IMV (2) (n = 9)
      and HFJV/CPAP to HFJV/CPAP + IMV (1) (n = 7), cardiac output, PaCO2, PaO2, PvO2,
      and variables consisting of intrapulmonary shunt fraction (Qsp/Qt), PaO2/FiO2
      ratio, and A-a gradient were calculated. The subgroup placed on HFJV/CPAP
      demonstrated a fall in PaO2 of 13 torr (p = NS; n = 5). HFJV/CPAP + IMV (1)
      compared with HFJV/CPAP significantly (p less than 0.005) increased PaO2 by 52 +/
      24 torr and decreased Qsp/Qt by 8.9 +/- 1.0 (p less than 0.025). Cardiac output
      remained unchanged. Comparison of HFJV/CPAP + IMV (2) to HFJV/CPAP + IMV (1)
      demonstrated a significant improvement in oxygenation (p less than 0.025), but of
      lesser magnitude (8.4 +/- 11 torr). PaO2/FiO2 ratio and A-a gradient improved in
      both IMV (1) and IMV (2) subgroups. Oxygenation and ventilation/perfusion (V/Q)
      matching significantly improved with HFJV/CPAP + IMV (1), to a greater magnitude
      than with HFJV/CPAP + IMV (2) or HFJV/CPAP alone, and was the preferred method of
      ventilatory support.

PMID- 6385319
TI  - [Being a nurse 50 years ago].

PMID- 6385320
TI  - [Functional state of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis in chronic renal
      failure].

PMID- 6385321
TI  - [Platelet-derived growth factor: mechanism of action and role in the development
      of diseases].

PMID- 6385322
TI  - [Blood fibronectin: its biological role and diagnostic significance].

PMID- 6385323
TI  - [Study of chemotaxis in patients with amyloidosis by the "skin window" method].

PMID- 6385324
TI  - [Circulating blood volume and plasma renin activity in the nephrotic syndrome.
      Effect of prednisolone therapy].

PMID- 6385325
TI  - [Labetalol and guanfacine in the treatment of arterial hypertension in patients
      with chronic renal failure].

PMID- 6385326
TI  - [Value of adequate hemodialysis in the preparation of patients for kidney
      transplantation].

PMID- 6385327
TI  - [The state of the digestive organs in recipients of kidney transplants].

PMID- 6385328
TI  - Periodontal manifestations of mucocutaneous disease: diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 6385329
TI  - Gene-teratogen interaction and its morphological basis in retinoic acid-induced
      mouse spina bifida.
AB  - Homozygotes for the splotch (Sp) mutation in the mouse have spina bifida, whereas
      the heterozygotes have a white belly spot but otherwise appear normal. Spina
      bifida can be induced by maternal treatment with retinoic acid. Female SWV strain
      mice were treated intraperitoneally with retinoic acid suspended in peanut oil 8
      days/12 hours after they had been mated to either Sp/+ or +/+ males. Probit
      analysis of the dose-response data suggests that the presence of the Sp gene
      causes an increased susceptibility of the embryo to the spina bifida-causing
      effects of retinoic acid. To study the nature of this increase litters were
      obtained on gestation day 9 from untreated SWV females mated as above. The mean
      length of the posterior neuropore (the length of the posterior neural tube that
      has not yet closed) was determined for each somite number between 14 and 26 and
      was found to be significantly greater in embryos from the Sp/+ cross. This delay
      of closure of the neural tube in Sp/+ cross embryos could explain the observed
      increase in their susceptibility to retinoic acid.

PMID- 6385330
TI  - Home health care: where does the physician fit in?

PMID- 6385331
TI  - Fetal surgery in utero.

PMID- 6385333
TI  - [Innovations in the diagnosis and therapy of gonorrhea].

PMID- 6385332
TI  - [Juvenile periodontitis (periodontosis). Etiological, clinical, radiographic and
      therapeutic aspects].

PMID- 6385334
TI  - The pharmacological profile of the thromboxane A2 antagonist BM 13.177. A new
      anti-platelet and anti-thrombotic drug.
AB  - BM 13.177 (4-[2-(benzenesulfonamido)-ethyl]-phenoxyacetic acid) is a
      representative of a new class of sulfonamidophenylcarboxylic acids which possess
      platelet-inhibitory and anti-thrombotic activity and inhibits the contraction of
      rabbit aorta stimulated by PG endoperoxides and TXA2. BM 13.177 5 mg/kg body
      weight p.o. protected rabbits from arachidonate-induced sudden death and greater
      than or equal to 10 mg/kg dose-dependently reduced the experimental thrombus
      formation induced in the rabbit aorta by perivascular administration of silver
      nitrate. In guinea-pigs, the collagen-induced bronchoconstriction was inhibited
      in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. The formation of TXA2 and the TXA2-induced
      platelet aggregation and smooth muscle contraction are probably crucial events in
      these experimental models. The protective effect of BM 13.177 may, therefore, be
      due to the TXA2-antagonizing effect of BM 13.177, which has been conclusively
      demonstrated in human platelets (PATSCHEKE and STEGMEIER, Thrombosis Res., 33,
      277-288 (1984). The antagonism of TXA2 is supported by the observation that BM
      13.177 also specifically inhibits the contraction of isolated arterial strips
      from rabbits which were stimulated with the thromboxane A2 mimetic U 46619.
      Schild-plot with a slope close to unity suggests a competitive type of
      antagonism. BM 13.177 exhibited neither anti-inflammatory nor ulcer-inducing
      activity of cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Furthermore it did not block the TXB2
      formation in spontaneously clotting blood from rabbits and did not inhibit the
      release of prostacyclin-like activity from rabbit aortas. The lack of
      toxicological effects in long-term toxicity studies in rat and dog, together with
      the absence of objective and subjective side effects in the first human studies
      have encouraged us to initiate clinical trials in order to evaluate the
      therapeutic benefit of this new approach in humans.

PMID- 6385335
TI  - [Endometrial cytology. Endocyte compared with uterine curettage].

PMID- 6385336
TI  - [Bone marrow transplantation. Indications in adult patients with leukemia or
      aplastic anemia].

PMID- 6385337
TI  - [Early postoperative treatment of pain with buprenorphine].

PMID- 6385338
TI  - [Integrated approach. Patients with burns. Introduction].

PMID- 6385339
TI  - [The surgical treatment of patients with burns].

PMID- 6385340
TI  - [Electroconvulsive therapy].

PMID- 6385341
TI  - [100 years of mental illness].

PMID- 6385342
TI  - [Combination preparations in chemotherapy].

PMID- 6385343
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis (echography) in the gynecological examination of mares].

PMID- 6385344
TI  - Angiotensin II analogue infusion test in renovascular hypertension under low
      sodium intake and under spironolactone administration: is angiotensin II analogue
      infusion test useful in determining the mode of treatment?
AB  - An angiotensin II antagonist (1-Sar, 8-Ileu-angiotensin II) was infused into 5
      hypertensive patients with unilateral renal artery stenosis under 5-day low
      sodium diet (2 g NaCl/day) and under 7-day spironolactone administration (300
      mg/day). In the sodium depleted state, 1 case showed depressor response, 2 cases
      pressor response and the other 2 no response. During the spironolactone
      administration, 3 cases showed depressor, 1 case pressor, and another case no
      response. Angiotensin II analogue (A II A) infusion test under spironolactone
      administration was more effective than under sodium depletion. However, there
      were cases which showed pressor response, i.e. false negative, under low sodium
      diet and under spironolactone administration. The hypertension of these patients
      was cured by converting enzyme inhibitor, percutaneous transluminal renal
      angioplasty (PTRA) or bypass surgery. A II A infusion test has been used for
      screening, diagnosis and determination of the surgical repair of renovascular
      hypertension. However, the proportion of depressor response was low in our cases,
      yet pressor responders and non-responders were also cured by PTRA. PTRA is a
      painless and low risk procedure of the treatment of renovascular hypertension, so
      PTRA will become the preferential mode of therapy for the treatment of
      renovascular hypertension of the cases with no depressor response by AIIA
      infusion.

PMID- 6385346
TI  - [A blade kit for the cutting of hard silicon in production of temporary bridge
      prostheses and plate-retainers].

PMID- 6385345
TI  - Influence of vagotomy upon GIP release in patients with peptic ulcer.
AB  - Twenty-two vagotomized peptic ulcer patients were studied on the influence of
      vagotomy on the release of GIP. Moreover, the relationship between acid output
      and GIP release was analyzed. These patients underwent one of the three types of
      operation; truncal vagotomy with pyloroplasty (TV + P) selective vagotomy with
      pyloroplasty (SV + P) and selective vagotomy with antrectomy (SV + A). Before and
      after surgery, a gastric juice study and an oral glucose tolerance test were
      performed on separate days. Maximum acid output in response to tetragastrin
      correlated significantly with integrated GIP response after oral glucose loading.
      In the SV + P group, the response of GIP was slightly greater after surgery. In
      the SV + A group, the integrated GIP response diminished postoperatively,
      although, after surgery, GIP reached its peak sooner. The integrated GIP response
      was greater in the SV + P group than in the TV + P group. The response of GIP was
      less in the SV + A group than in the SV + P group. These changes were
      insignificant. In conclusion, it is presumed that GIP release is affected by
      gastric acid, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time and vagal nerve
      action.

PMID- 6385347
TI  - [Partial dentures on bar attachments with SOC-abutments].

PMID- 6385348
TI  - [Clinical problems and treatment of odontoma].

PMID- 6385349
TI  - [Caries morbidity in preschool-age children. Results of a retrospective morbidity
      analysis].

PMID- 6385350
TI  - [Metalloceramics for the improvement of prosthetic care of the population of the
      GDR. 7: Biological compatibility of Gisadent NCA in cell culture and animal
      experiments].

PMID- 6385351
TI  - [Changes in the oral tissues of patients with dentures-- preventive-prophylactic
      aspects in dental prosthetics].

PMID- 6385352
TI  - [Biological basis for installation of a fixed prosthetic bridge].

PMID- 6385353
TI  - [Knowledge of tongue diseases 1000 years ago].

PMID- 6385354
TI  - [Occurrence of plaque and prosthetic appliances].

PMID- 6385355
TI  - The additional pressure-lowering effect in patients with glaucoma of pilocarpine
      2 per cent, adrenaline 1 per cent, or guanethidine 3 per cent with adrenaline 0.5
      per cent and timolol 0.25 per cent: a double-blind cross-over study.
AB  - A group of twelve comparable patients with primary open angle glaucoma were
      treated with Timolol 0.25 per cent drops to which was added pilocarpine 2 per
      cent, adrenaline 1 per cent or guanethidine 3 per cent plus adrenaline 0.5 per
      cent in a cross-over study. The initial intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction due
      to timolol was statistically significant. The mean additional IOP lowering due to
      pilocarpine 2 per cent was 1.37 mm Hg, that due to adrenaline 1 per cent was 1.79
      mm Hg and that due to guanethidine 3 per cent plus adrenaline 0.5 per cent was
      5.29 mm Hg.

PMID- 6385356
TI  - Comparison of the efficacy and toxicity of acyclovir and of adenine arabinoside
      when combined with dilute betamethasone in herpetic disciform keratitis:
      preliminary results of a double-blind trial.
AB  - Acyclovir is an effective and relatively non-toxic antiviral agent which has
      recently been introduced for the treatment of herpes virus infections in man.
      When combined with dilute steroid, acyclovir heals herpetic disciform keratitis
      and preliminary results of a double-blind clinical trial suggest that it may be
      more effective and less toxic than adenine arabinoside in the treatment of this
      condition.

PMID- 6385357
TI  - Doppler ultrasound as an adjunct for the investigation of amaurosis fugax.
AB  - This study demonstrates the ability of Doppler ultrasound using both a simple
      Doppler technique and Duplex scanning to identify lesions at the carotid
      bifurcation. The procedure is non-invasive and is of little discomfort to the
      patient. Doppler ultrasound provides a sound basis for clinical evaluation of
      vascular disease.

PMID- 6385358
TI  - Leishmaniasis in Israel: reservoir hosts, sandfly vectors and leishmanial strains
      in the Negev, Central Arava and along the Dead Sea.
AB  - The reservoir animals, sandfly vectors and strains of Leishmania from foci in the
      southern region of Israel were studied. The rodent host species are: Psammomys
      obesus, Meriones crassus and probably Nesokia indica. The vector species are
      Phlebotomus papatasi, which were caught at all collecting sites and Ph. sergenti,
      which were collected in the area of the Dead Sea and in the Central Arava.
      Strains of Leishmania major isolated from rodents, vectors and man were
      serologically and enzymologically identical with regard to their excreted factor
      (EF) serotypes, their malate dehydrogenase (MDH), glucose-phosphate isomerase
      (GPI) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) enzyme variant types, but
      exhibited three variant subtypes of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH). The
      distribution of the 6PGDH subtypes correlates with three different geographical
      locations. Scarcity of water is the main factor limiting the biotopes of the
      sandflies and the spread of leishmaniasis. The subjects discussed are the
      dependence of sandfly distribution on rodent-burrow depth in arid areas and the
      inter-relationship between the leishmanial subtypes, vectors and hosts.

PMID- 6385359
TI  - Application of an in vitro semi-microtest to the study of drug sensitivity of 66
      Plasmodium falciparum isolates from 15 countries.
AB  - The activity of four antimalarial drugs against 66 Plasmodium falciparum isolates
      from 15 countries was assessed by an in vitro semi-microtest. Median inhibitory
      concentrations (IC50) for chloroquine were less than 120 nM in 22 isolates from
      patients successfully treated with chloroquine, and more than 250 nM in six
      isolates from patients with chloroquine-resistant malaria. 10 of 15 isolates from
      Brazil (Amazonia), 7 of 12 isolates from Madagascar, two from Kenya and two from
      Thailand had IC50 for chloroquine of more than 250 nM. None of the 35 isolates
      from West and Central Africa had IC50 of more than 120 nM. Very different levels
      of sensitivity were observed in Brazil and Madagascar. 27 of 28 isolates
      (including two that were chloroquine-resistant in vivo) had IC50 of less than 50
      nM for dichlorquinazine, a 4-aminoquinoline. The IC50 for mefloquine was less
      than 160 nM in 55 isolates including ten from patients who were successfully
      treated with mefloquine. IC50 for quinine were between 140 and 660 nM for 30
      isolates. This test has proved useful in epidemiological studies, therapeutic
      monitoring of clinical cases and in the evaluation of new drugs.

PMID- 6385361
TI  - First congress of the European Society for Organ Transplantation. Zurich,
      Switzerland, November 23-25, 1983.

PMID- 6385360
TI  - The controversy of unmodified versus citrated blood transfusion in the early 20th
      century.
AB  - Many strides were made in the field of blood transfusion before and during World
      War I. However, it was not until after the war that one of the most exciting and
      controversial episodes in the field of blood transfusion occurred. Review of the
      literature revealed the 1920s to be a tumultuous era filled with conflicting
      opinions concerning the safest method to perform blood transfusions. Early
      investigators used fresh unmodified blood for patient to patient transfusions.
      Later groups advocated the use of preserved blood for transfusions in order to
      permit its widespread availability. However, for many years, sodium citrate blood
      preservation techniques led to an unacceptable level of transfusion reactions.
      When bacterial pyrogens in the storage apparatus were identified as the source of
      side effects, the citrate method of transfusion gained widespread acceptance.

PMID- 6385362
TI  - Are DRW6-positive patients high responders?

PMID- 6385363
TI  - Influence of HLA-DRW6 in the recipient on occurrence of acute rejection of first
      renal allografts: beneficial influence of antithymocyte globulin as antirejection
      treatment.
AB  - In a retrospective analysis of 232 recipients of first cadaveric kidney grafts
      the percentage of patients without an acute rejection was significantly higher in
      DRW6-negative than in DRW6-positive patients. This was not reflected in a better
      graft survival rate. This discrepancy was probably caused by the kind of
      antirejection treatment used. In DRW6-positive patients who had received RATG as
      the initial treatment for rejection, graft survival was significantly better than
      in DRW6-positive recipients treated with high doses of prednisone. In the DRW6
      negative patients RATG treatment gave also better results, but here the
      difference was not significant. These findings show that the negative influence
      of the DRW6 antigen present in the recipients was counterbalanced by the
      beneficial effect of RATG-treatment for first rejection episodes. No influence of
      DR matching could be detected.

PMID- 6385364
TI  - HLA-DRW6 and autoantibodies in recipients of first kidney grafts.

PMID- 6385365
TI  - Cyclosporine improves outcome in high-risk cadaveric renal allograft recipients.

PMID- 6385366
TI  - Preliminary multicenter analysis of HLA-DRW6 effect.

PMID- 6385367
TI  - Effect of transfusions of cadaver donors on survival of first kidney grafts in
      transfused recipients.

PMID- 6385368
TI  - The effect of pretransplant blood transfusions on renal allograft survival in
      patients on cyclosporine.

PMID- 6385369
TI  - A positive prognostic factor in renal transplantation: long-term function of
      previous graft.

PMID- 6385370
TI  - Experience with 14 renal transplants with kidneys from blood group A (subgroup
      A2) to O recipients.

PMID- 6385371
TI  - Increase of natural killer cells in rejecting kidney grafts.

PMID- 6385372
TI  - Circulating immune complexes before and after renal transplantation.

PMID- 6385373
TI  - The role of renal endothelial antigens and donor-specific antibodies in allograft
      rejection.

PMID- 6385374
TI  - Cyclosporine alone or in combination with prednisone in cadaveric renal
      transplantation.
AB  - One hundred recipients of first cadaveric kidney transplants were treated with
      three different immunosuppressive regimens: (1) conventional immunosuppression,
      (2) CsA alone, and (3) low-dose CsA in combination with low-dose prednisone, with
      rapid adjustment to give CsA whole blood trough levels of 300 to 800 ng/mL. One
      year graft survival in the aza + pred group was 76%, and in the CsA alone group
      75%. Graft survival at two and six months in the CsA-pred group was 94%. The dose
      of CsA in the CsA-pred group in the first two months posttransplant was only
      about half that given to the CsA-alone group. Surprisingly, the reduction in the
      CsA dose also reduced the number of methylprednisolone pulses given for treating
      rejection by greater than 50%. The incidence of nephrotoxicity and extrarenal
      side effects also fell considerably. Withdrawal of prednisone in the CsA-pred
      group after five months led to reversible rejection in two cases. In conclusion,
      (1) the rapid reduction in the CsA dosage is beneficial and has no drawbacks, and
      (2) our guidelines for withdrawing prednisone (timing of withdrawal, rate of
      reduction in dosage) still need further refinement.

PMID- 6385375
TI  - Cyclosporine in living related and cadaveric renal transplantation.

PMID- 6385376
TI  - The value of serial serum trough cyclosporine levels in human renal
      transplantation.

PMID- 6385377
TI  - Urinary exfoliative cytology in kidney allografts under cyclosporine therapy.

PMID- 6385378
TI  - Cyclosporine in the treatment of acute allograft rejection refractory to high
      dose methylprednisolone: results of a prospectively randomized trial.

PMID- 6385380
TI  - Optimal cyclosporine plasma levels decline with time of therapy.
AB  - To avoid nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity the CsA-PL should be kept at less than
      500 ng/mL during the first month after transplantation and less than 200 ng/mL
      after four months. After ten months most patients in this study had a CsA-PL of
      less than 150 ng/mL and many had levels of less than 50 ng/mL with an apparently
      good immunosuppressive effect. Rejections showed no correlation with high or low
      CsA-PL. Continuous monitoring of CsA-PL is recommended for the management of
      renal allograft recipients.

PMID- 6385379
TI  - Treatment of acute rejection with cyclosporine.

PMID- 6385381
TI  - Cyclosporine as the main immunosuppressant in clinical heart transplantation:
      correlation of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 6385382
TI  - A prospective controlled clinical trial of aminophylline as an adjunctive
      immunosuppressive agent.

PMID- 6385383
TI  - Choledochocholedochostomy is successful in orthotopic liver transplantation.
AB  - The viability of the extrahepatic bile ducts of liver grafts depends on their
      arterial blood supply, and consequently, on the patency of the arterial
      anastomosis. Thrombosis of the hepatic artery leads almost inevitably to necrosis
      of the extrahepatic bile ducts of the liver graft. An impeccable technique of
      arterial anastomosis is essential to avoid biliary complications resulting from
      ischemia. The low incidence of biliary complications (17%) in our 31 patients
      indicates that choledocho-choledochostomy is a relatively safe biliary procedure
      in clinical liver transplantation, especially when compared with other commonly
      used biliary anastomoses.

PMID- 6385384
TI  - Surgical complications in the postoperative period of liver transplantation in
      children.

PMID- 6385385
TI  - Auxiliary transplantation of a partially hepatectomized liver in pigs with
      fulminant hepatic failure.

PMID- 6385386
TI  - Preliminary results with fine needle aspiration biopsy in liver grafts.

PMID- 6385387
TI  - Aspiration cytology of a human liver allograft.
AB  - We have analyzed one human liver transplant by frequent FNABs. We conclude that
      FNABs of liver transplant recipients is a safe procedure that can be performed
      repeatedly without danger to the graft or to the graft recipient. The
      inflammatory episodes of rejection may be recorded and certain changes in the
      transplant--in particular, cholestasis and deposits of CsA--may be demonstrated
      in the FNAB as well.

PMID- 6385388
TI  - Preservation damage in liver transplantation: electron-microscopic findings.

PMID- 6385389
TI  - Immunologic monitoring of heart transplant patients under cyclosporine
      immunosuppression.

PMID- 6385390
TI  - Heart transplantation in closely related species: a model for humoral rejection.

PMID- 6385391
TI  - Thallium-201 uptake: a useful method for assessing heart transplantation.

PMID- 6385392
TI  - Recent experience with pancreatic transplantation at Huddinge Hospital.

PMID- 6385393
TI  - Endocrine and metabolic profiles in insulin-dependent diabetics treated with
      continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and pancreas transplantation: a
      comparison.

PMID- 6385394
TI  - Subtotal pancreas transplantation.

PMID- 6385395
TI  - Is preserved exocrine secretion mandatory for optimal endocrine function in
      vascularized pancreas transplantation?

PMID- 6385396
TI  - Splenic artery interposition in animal and human segmental pancreatic
      transplantation.

PMID- 6385397
TI  - Pancreas transplantation 1983: where do we stand?

PMID- 6385398
TI  - The value of digital subtraction angiography in early renal transplantation
      course.

PMID- 6385399
TI  - Digital subtraction arteriography in vascular assessment of renal transplants.

PMID- 6385400
TI  - Correlation between core biopsy and aspiration cytology.

PMID- 6385401
TI  - Ischemic necrosis of the allograft ureter.

PMID- 6385402
TI  - Percutaneous nephrostomy: a therapeutic procedure for the management of urinary
      leakage and obstruction in renal transplantation.

PMID- 6385403
TI  - Correction of renal transplant artery stenosis: early and long-term results.

PMID- 6385404
TI  - A comparison of serologically defined viral infection rates (cytomegalovirus,
      herpes simplex, and herpes virus varicellae) posttransplant in patients on
      azathioprine and cyclosporine.

PMID- 6385405
TI  - Steroid treatment and aseptic necrosis of the femoral head in renal transplant
      recipients.
AB  - The subject of our study was 546 renal transplant recipients with a graft
      survival for minimum 12 months. Of these, 29 renal recipients (5.3%) developed
      aseptic necrosis of the femoral head. The examination revealed that there were no
      significant differences between the renal recipients with hip necrosis and the
      control group in the total quantities of administered glucocorticosteroids,
      whereas there was a highly significant correlation between the two groups in the
      number of the intravenously administered methylprednisolone pulse doses.

PMID- 6385406
TI  - Delayed major arterial hemorrhage after transplant nephrectomy.

PMID- 6385407
TI  - Tertiary hyperparathyroidism after cadaver-kidney transplantation.

PMID- 6385408
TI  - Selection of donors for living related transplants.

PMID- 6385409
TI  - Cadaver kidney transplantation with cold ischemia time from 48 to 95 hours.

PMID- 6385411
TI  - Experiences with ureteroureteral anastomosis in renal transplant: early
      complications and late results.

PMID- 6385410
TI  - The beneficial effect of trifluoperazine on the microcirculation and subsequent
      function of cold preserved kidneys.

PMID- 6385413
TI  - Urinary tract reconstruction before renal transplantation.

PMID- 6385412
TI  - Postoperative continuous positive airway pressure helps to prevent pulmonary
      infection after human renal transplantation.

PMID- 6385414
TI  - Graft survival and policies regarding blood transfusion and cold ischemia time in
      renal transplantation in Europe.

PMID- 6385415
TI  - Organization of kidney procurement in Finland.

PMID- 6385416
TI  - Surgical and functional aspects of combined donor nephrectomy and hepatectomy.

PMID- 6385417
TI  - Active hepatitis B vaccination in immunosuppressed patients.

PMID- 6385418
TI  - A comparative assessment of the quality of life of successful kidney transplant
      patients according to source of graft.

PMID- 6385419
TI  - Renal transplantation and Boeck's sarcoidosis.

PMID- 6385420
TI  - Cadaveric renal transplantation in two patients with preexisting Hodgkin's
      lymphoma.
AB  - Two young men developed nephrotic syndrome associated with Hodgkin's lymphoma and
      progressive renal failure. After a short course of hemodialysis with blood
      transfusion, each received a cadaveric renal transplant. During the postoperative
      period, chemotherapy (MOPP) was given. No transplant rejection episodes were
      diagnosed. The patients, who live normal lives, have been in lymphoma remission
      for 12 and 22 months and have serum creatinine levels of 120 and 108 mumol/L 47
      and 50 months posttransplant, respectively (Table 1).

PMID- 6385421
TI  - Acute renal transplant failure resulting from obstruction with a calculus.

PMID- 6385422
TI  - Restoration of urinary tract continuity after necrosis of the pelvis and ureter
      in a transplanted kidney: the Boari flap.

PMID- 6385423
TI  - Usefulness of captopril in the management of hypertension after renal
      transplantation.

PMID- 6385425
TI  - [Adhesiveness of 4-methacryloxyethoxycarbonyl propionoyl-1,8-naphthalic anhydride
      to teeth].

PMID- 6385424
TI  - [Specific 125I-insulin binding by hepatocyte plasma membranes and nuclear
      envelopes in experimental hyperinsulinemia, alloxan diabetes and starvation].
AB  - A comparative study has been carried out of the insulin-receptor interaction in
      rat liver plasma membrane and nuclear envelope under experimental
      hyperinsulinemia (14 days) and hypoinsulinemic states (3 days alloxan diabetes, 2
      days fasting, and joint action of these factors). In all the cases, including
      additivity of the receptorotropic effects of diabetes and fasting, the changes in
      levels of specific binding of 125I-insulin and indices, reflecting receptor
      number, were unidirectional both in the plasma membrane and nuclear envelope.
      Some divergences were observed for indices reflecting the affinity changes of the
      receptors from different sources. It is suggested that in insulin-induced
      regulation of insulin receptor number the relationship between intracellular
      membrane receptors and receptors in the plasma membrane and nuclear envelope is
      the same.

PMID- 6385426
TI  - [Statistics in prosthetic restorations. V].

PMID- 6385427
TI  - Serological prevalence of bovine babesiosis in Mali.
AB  - A serological survey of cattle in Mali was carried out to determine the
      prevalence of antibody activity to Babesia bovis and B. bigemina. It was found
      that the level of B. bovis infection as indicated by antibody activities was too
      low to be of immediate concern. However, the serological prevalence of B.
      bigemina was high and this may indicate a potential disease problem. It was also
      found that when zebu and N'Dama cattle grazed together the N'Dama were twice as
      likely to have positive titres to Babesia as were the zebus.

PMID- 6385428
TI  - Detection of rinderpest antibodies.
AB  - Rinderpest antibodies were detected by employing the fluorescent antibody test
      (FAT) and the immunoperoxidase test (IPT) and the results were compared with the
      counterimmuno electrophoresis test (CIE). FAT was found to be the most sensitive
      in detecting post-vaccinal antibodies followed by IPT and CIE tests.

PMID- 6385429
TI  - The potential clinical significance of the isoniazid acetylator phenotype in the
      treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 6385431
TI  - [Sensitivity of anaerobic bacteria to antibiotics: experience at Hopital Saint
      Luc].

PMID- 6385430
TI  - Circulatory functions during immersion and breath-hold dives in humans.
AB  - An unusual circulatory state exists in humans immersed in water at or near 35
      degrees C. This circulatory state is characterized by a persistent and elevated
      stroke index (SI) but heart rate (HR) changes little; hence an increased cardiac
      index (CI) results. In comparison of measurements in air and immersion in water
      up to the neck level that are based on the weighted averages of 45 subjects from
      8 studies, SI increased by 29%, CI increased by 24%, and HR decreased by 6%.
      Evidence is presented to support the finding that the increase in stroke volume
      is a result of enhanced preload of the heart, and that alterations in afterload
      and contractility play an unimportant role in affecting cardiac performance
      during immersion in thermoneutral water up to the level of the neck. The
      circulatory state represents hyperperfusion, since there is no concurrent rise in
      metabolic demand or heat stress. To what extent this preexisting circulatory
      state affects the cardiovascular responses to breath-hold (BH) diving is in most
      part unknown. However, the BH bradycardiac responses are more potent in a natural
      setting than in the laboratory where the breath hold is performed with only face
      immersion in water. In contrast, in the natural setting, the divers perform BH
      dives while they are immersed up to the neck in cold water (much lower than 35
      degrees C) and are exercising. It is desirable in future studies to compare
      systematically other aspects of circulatory responses to BH dives while immersed
      in water and while exercising.

PMID- 6385432
TI  - [Tracheomalacia of vascular origin].

PMID- 6385434
TI  - [Quantitative histology, why and how?].

PMID- 6385433
TI  - [Evaluation of the presence of organic lesions in cases of male erectile
      dysfunction referred in sexual therapy].

PMID- 6385435
TI  - [Role of prolactin in galactorrhea and pregnancy: physiologic and pathologic
      aspects].

PMID- 6385437
TI  - Pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder--a case report and review of the
      literature.
AB  - A pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder in an 18-year-old male patient with
      typical clinical symptoms is reported. The blood pressure after micturition was
      above 300 mm Hg, the vanillylmandelic acid concentration in the 24-hour urinary
      excretion was elevated 4 or 5 times. Computed tomography and sonography were
      especially suited for diagnostic localization. The postoperative course has to be
      supervised, especially as recurrence has been observed.

PMID- 6385436
TI  - Transluminal dilatation of experimental hydronephrosis in dogs: acute and chronic
      effects, haemodynamic changes, and histological findings.
AB  - In the present study the feasibility and effectiveness of transureteral
      dilatation with a double-lumen balloon-tipped dilatation catheter was
      investigated. In 6 dogs with experimentally induced unilateral fibrotic stenosis
      and hydronephrosis a total of 13 dilatations were performed through a cutaneous
      ureteroneostomy. The stenosis diameter could markedly be distended from 1.7 +/-
      0.9 to 4.8 +/- 1.6 mm (p less than 0.001). The pyelon size changed not
      significantly during the intervention. Follow-up urographies 1 week after
      dilatation revealed partial or total restenosis in all but 2 dogs. The stenosis
      diameter had decreased by 2.6 +/- 1.5 mm (p less than 0.01). The mean pyelon size
      changed only slightly (28.2 +/- 14.7 vs. 26.1 +/- 6.2 cm2). In the 2 dogs with
      persistent distension of the stenosis a reduction in pyelon size was achieved.
      Blood pressure during acute ureteral ligation showed no change. Follow-up studies
      after 1 week revealed a significant fall of the mean arterial pressure from 100
      +/- 22 to 83 +/- 19 mm Hg (p less than 0.005), which was also seen at the long
      term follow-up in 5 dogs 13 +/- 8 weeks after ureteral ligation. Histological
      analysis showed mild to severe inflammation and distension of the collecting
      system and mild to moderate inflammation, atrophy, and glomerular cysts in the
      renal parenchyma. Interestingly, the 2 dogs with a successful result of
      dilatation showed no relevant inflammation in the dilated stenotic segment. In
      conclusion, transureteral dilatation of experimental ureteral stenosis with a
      balloon catheter proved to have an impressive acute effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6385438
TI  - Polyorchidism.
AB  - A review of the English literature has yielded 39 cases of polyorchidism suitable
      for consideration in this review, and we add one more. The patients may be
      grouped according to the location of the aberrant testicular mass or the anatomic
      arrangement of their collecting systems.

PMID- 6385439
TI  - Hypercalcemia-induced upper gastrointestinal bleeding after renal
      transplantation.
AB  - Hypercalcemia is common in patients after renal transplantation and may stimulate
      gastrin hypersecretion with associated peptic disease. We report on 2 patients
      with hypercalcemia and life-threatening gastrointestinal hemorrhage controlled by
      subtotal parathyroidectomy. Retrospective review of our last 10 patients with
      gastrointestinal hemorrhage revealed that all of those with normal renal function
      had elevated serum calcium levels. Because of the increased mortality associated
      with gastrointestinal hemorrhage in renal transplant patients (43%), patients
      prone to development of hypercalcemia may benefit from early subtotal
      parathyroidectomy.

PMID- 6385440
TI  - Kidney transplantation. Rational approach to vascular anastomoses.
AB  - A simple technique for performing the vascular anastomoses in renal
      transplantation is presented. It utilizes ipsilateral side-to-end vascular
      anastomoses using the external iliac arteries and punch anastomoses. Using this
      method, transplantation of kidneys is simplified despite short, multiple, or
      unequal caliber of renal arteries or calcified recipient iliac arteries.

PMID- 6385441
TI  - Carcinosarcoma of bladder. Evaluation by electron microscopy and
      immunohistochemistry.
AB  - A case of carcinosarcoma of the urinary bladder characterized by electron
      microscopy and immunohistochemistry is described. The use of these studies in
      poorly differentiated bladder neoplasms and in suspected cases of carcinosarcoma
      is encouraged. Increased accuracy in characterizing these tumors will permit a
      better understanding of their natural history and response to therapy.

PMID- 6385442
TI  - Intraoperative localization of renal calculi by real-time ultrasonography.
AB  - Experimental and intraoperative experiences in ultrasonographic localization of
      calculi are reported. With a small high-resolution real-time probe, we localized
      1-mm calculi introduced in ex situ cadaver kidneys. During 13 operations all
      calculi of various sizes and nature were localized 11 times. This method seems to
      have many advantages: it is easy to use, it localizes calcific and noncalcific
      small calculi bidimensionally, and it shortens operative time.

PMID- 6385444
TI  - Prophylactic trimethoprim for prostatectomy.
AB  - The efficacy of prophylaxis for control of infection in prostatectomy was studied
      in 260 patients in a double-blind clinical trial using a single dose of 300 mg
      trimethoprim and a placebo. Results in 141 transurethral and 119 patients
      operated on abdominally were analyzed separately. Neither group showed
      significant heterogeneity of risk factors. Trimethoprim did not prevent
      bacteremia during operation. No significant difference in infection between
      trimethoprim and placebo groups was found in either group. After several studies
      the efficacy of antimicrobial prophylaxis in prostatectomy still remains to be
      proved; it may be too low to warrant such a prophylaxis in general.

PMID- 6385443
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of neuroblastoma by sonography.
AB  - Herein we report the first case in the literature in which a neuroblastoma in a
      fetus was recognized before birth and its growth could be observed. The diagnosis
      was made by ultrasonography. Other helpful diagnostic procedures in prenatal
      diagnosis are: determination of catecholamines, sonographic examination of the
      placenta, and search for metastases. As more and more centers perform ultrasound
      examinations routinely in pregnancy, similar findings such as fetal tumors or
      congenital malformations are to be expected more frequently.

PMID- 6385445
TI  - A warning: Medicare reimbursement for services performed in ambulatory surgery
      center.

PMID- 6385446
TI  - Effects of glucocorticoids on endocrine function in the dog.
AB  - There are a multitude of possible side effects when using high levels of or
      chronic administration of glucocorticoid treatment. Several of the studies
      referred to in this discussion used large amounts of glucocorticoids for rather
      lengthy periods. The endocrine, as well as nonendocrine, effects of
      glucocorticoids are minimized when the lowest effective doses are used, when
      treatment is terminated as soon as reasonably possible, and when an alternate-day
      therapy schedule is followed. However, an occasional individual may appear with a
      particular susceptibility to one or more of the side effects of glucocorticoid
      treatment even when these measures are followed.

PMID- 6385447
TI  - Pheochromocytoma in the dog.

PMID- 6385448
TI  - Thyroid function tests in the dog. Recent concepts.

PMID- 6385449
TI  - Feline hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 6385450
TI  - Diabetes mellitus associated with other endocrine disorders.

PMID- 6385451
TI  - Current concepts on the control of diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6385453
TI  - Reproductive endocrinology and physiology of the bitch and queen.

PMID- 6385452
TI  - Hypercalcemia.

PMID- 6385454
TI  - Ultrastructure of the intestinal mucosa in pigs experimentally inoculated with an
      edema disease-producing strain of Escherichia coli (0139:K12:H1).
AB  - The intestinal tissues from 11 pigs orally inoculated with Escherichia coli (E.
      coli, 0139:K12:H1) were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The
      colonization of E. coli along the small intestinal mucosa was found in seven
      principals without any major changes in the enterocytes from day 2 to day 7 after
      inoculation when the experiment was terminated. Lesions of vessels of the
      intestinal mucosa could be detected as early as two days after inoculation and
      persisted until the experiment was terminated. Lesions consisted of endothelial
      swelling and vacuolation, subendothelial fibrin deposition, perivascular edema,
      microthrombus formation, endothelial proliferation, and necrosis of the tunica
      media. The possible pathogenesis of the disease is discussed.

PMID- 6385456
TI  - Persistent orf in a ram.

PMID- 6385455
TI  - Real-time ultrasonic scanning in the diagnosis of pregnancy and the determination
      of fetal numbers in sheep.
AB  - Two trials were conducted on a total of 1120 ewes of four breeds to evaluate the
      use of real-time ultrasonic scanning as a means of diagnosing pregnancy,
      differentiating barren, single- and multiple-bearing ewes and determining actual
      fetal numbers in pregnant ewes. In trial 1 (566 ewes) the accuracy of an
      inexperienced operator, as judged against assessments of an experienced operator,
      improved from 81 to 100 per cent for the classification of ewes as carrying no,
      one or more than one fetus, and from 69 to 100 per cent for the determination of
      actual fetal numbers more than one. In trial 2 the accuracies of the same
      operator, judged against the lambing performance of 267 ewes, ranged from 90 to
      97 per cent for both types of assessment, and for an experienced operator from 95
      to 100 per cent (554 ewes). In both trials pregnancy was diagnosed with an
      accuracy of 100 per cent. It is concluded that real-time ultrasonic scanning of
      sheep between days 50 and 100 of gestation offers a safe and practicable means of
      diagnosing pregnancy and of determining fetal numbers. Accuracies of diagnosis of
      pregnancy of more than 99 per cent, of differentiation of barren, single- and
      multiple-bearing ewes of 98 per cent, and of determination of actual fetal
      numbers of 97 per cent can be achieved in practice at scanning rates of at least
      one ewe per minute. Some of the benefits to flock management and performance
      likely to result from the use of the technique are considered.

PMID- 6385457
TI  - Association of Aspergillus fumigatus with rhinitis.

PMID- 6385458
TI  - Prof. W.J. Roepke: Forty year link between science and practice.

PMID- 6385459
TI  - Some pharmacokinetic aspects of four sulphonamides and trimethoprim, and their
      therapeutic efficacy in experimental Escherichia coli infection in poultry.
AB  - Pharmacokinetic studies in broilers and layers of different sulphonamides
      indicate a good absorption and a long elimination half-life (of
      sulphaquinoxaline, sulphadimidine and to a lesser degree sulphadiazine) resulting
      in high plasma concentrations during drinking water medication in the recommended
      therapeutic doses. In contrast drinking water medication with high concentrations
      of trimethoprim (up to 1,320 mg/liter) resulted in a maximal mean plasma
      concentration of 1.2 micrograms/ml. Very good therapeutic effects were
      demonstrated in broilers experimentally infected with a sulphonamide-susceptible
      E. coli strain when treated with sulphaquinoxaline (200 mg/liter), sulphadimidine
      sodium (2 gram/liter), sulphachloropyridazine 30 per cent (1 gram/liter) and to a
      lesser degree sulphadiazine sodium (250 mg/liter). Synergism was demonstrated
      between trimethoprim and sulphadiazine (1:5). The combination of trimethoprim
      with sulphaquinoxaline (1:3) did not induce better therapeutic effects than
      sulphaquinoxaline in proportional doses. However, significant synergism was
      demonstrated between trimethoprim and both sulphonamides in treatment of
      experimental infection with sulphonamide-resistant E. coli. No signs resembling
      sulphonamide intoxication were observed during these studies.

PMID- 6385460
TI  - Drug resistance in avian coccidia (a review).
AB  - Drug resistance is now recognised as a major cause of the failure of drugs to
      control coccidiosis in the fowl. In this article, biological, biochemical and
      genetic aspects of resistance in Eimeria are reviewed and some of the problems
      that may limit progress in understanding the nature of resistance in coccidia are
      discussed.

PMID- 6385461
TI  - Laboratory diagnosis of Pb poisoning in cattle: a reassessment and review.

PMID- 6385462
TI  - Effects of various treatments of bovine complement on its lytic efficacy measured
      by two different tests.
AB  - Bovine complement was treated with various agents known to activate or inactivate
      one or more of the cascade components. The treated complement was then assessed
      for remaining hemolytic activity by a tube titration test and a radial hemolysis
      method. Divalent cation chelators (EDTA and EGTA); immune complexes prepared with
      serum and IgM, IgG1, IgG2, and IgA isotypes; smooth and rough lipopolysaccharides
      and lipid A; hydrazine; zymosan; cobra venom factor and brown recluse spider
      venom caused depletion of complement as determined in the tube titration test.
      Immune complexes (prepared with serum); hydrazine; cobra venom factor; EDTA and
      smooth lipopolysaccharide caused loss of hemolytic activity in the radial
      hemolysis test. This evidence suggests that the radial hemolysis test assessed
      complement consumed by the alternate pathway, while the tube titration method
      measured classical pathway consumption.

PMID- 6385463
TI  - Development of optimal conditions for the stimulation of chicken peripheral blood
      lymphocytes by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) in the microculture system.
AB  - A variety of parameters influencing phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation assays
      of lymphocytes obtained from chicken peripheral blood have been studied. The
      parameters examined were PHA preparation and dilution, source and quantity of
      serum, cell concentration, culture medium, incubation temperature, length of the
      incubation period, cell separation procedure and individual influence of the
      blood donors. Optimal stimulation results were obtained using the following
      conditions: PHA-M in a dilution of 1:15, fetal calf serum (FCS) in a
      concentration of 4%-10%, a cell concentration of 4 X 10(6) - 1.5 X 10(7)
      cells/ml, RPMI 1640 Medium or McCoy's 5A Medium, an incubation period of 48 h -
      72 h at a temperature of 39 degrees C, and low-speed centrifugation of
      heparinized blood for lymphocyte collection. The findings of the present study
      are discussed in the context of results described in the literature.

PMID- 6385464
TI  - Comparative effect of selected adjuvants on the response in the bovine mammary
      gland to staphylococcal and streptococcal antigens.
AB  - The effect of 4 adjuvants on the response in the lactating bovine mammary gland
      to an antigenic stimulus was examined. Fifty four lactating Holstein Friesian
      cows were randomly allocated to 6 groups. Four of these groups received a
      staphylococcal and streptococcal bacterin-toxoid vaccine administered
      systemically in association with an adjuvant preparation. The adjuvants used
      were: aluminum hydroxide gel, Freund's incomplete adjuvant, a metabolizable lipid
      emulsion and Bordetella pertussis. Two further groups serving as controls
      received saline, or the vaccine suspended in saline only. The immunoglobulin G
      response specific for each of 3 vaccine antigens, was monitored in the milk by
      means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for a period of 23 weeks. The results
      indicated that high levels of antibody may be maintained in the milk, throughout
      the average lactation, if cows are vaccinated in the region of the supramammary
      lymph node with an optimum dose of antigen emulsified in Freund's incomplete
      adjuvant.

PMID- 6385465
TI  - Polyclonal activation of canine B lymphocytes evaluated by a protein A reverse
      hemolytic plaque assay.
AB  - This paper describes the optimal culture and assay conditions for the polyclonal
      activation of canine lymphocytes with pokeweed mitogen and the quantitation of
      immunoglobulin secreting plaque-forming cells (PFC) using a staphylococcal
      protein A-reverse hemolytic plaque assay. The assay permits the quantitation of
      total immunoglobulin secreting PFC as well as class-specific immunoglobulin
      secreting PFC. On the optimal day of culture, a mean of 176 IgA PFC/10(6), 575
      IgM PFC/10(6), 1276 IgG PFC/10(6), and 2158 total PFC/10(6) cells were generated
      following polyclonal activation. This study provides a simple and reproducible
      assay for the delineation of the immunoregulatory mechanisms involved in the
      differentiation of canine B lymphocytes.

PMID- 6385466
TI  - Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to bovine IgG1.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies were developed to bovine IgG1. In addition, production of
      monoclonal antibodies to bovine light chain is also reported. Monoclonal antibody
      specificities were initially determined by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. The
      monoclonal antibovine IgG1 was shown by a specificity-independent isotyping solid
      phase enzyme immunoassay to be mouse IgG1 with kappa light chains. Ascites
      derived monoclonal antibovine IgG1 antibodies were linked to cyanogen bromide
      activated Sepharose and used for affinity isolation of bovine IgG1. The bovine
      IgG1 eluted from the affinity column was characterized using immuno
      electrophoresis, acrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and solid
      phase enzyme immunoassay. Affinity chromatography using monoclonal antibodies
      provided both a verification of monoclonal antibody specificity and a rapid
      technique for the isolation of bovine IgG1. This technique may also be employed
      to remove IgG1 contaminants during purification of bovine IgA.

PMID- 6385467
TI  - Comparison of monoclonal antibody-based competitive and indirect enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assays for the diagnosis of swine trichinosis.
AB  - A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of
      swine trichinosis has been developed using a biotinylated monoclonal antibody and
      an avidin-enzyme conjugate. The assay is based on competitive binding between
      swine serum antibodies and a monoclonal antibody specific for an antigenic
      determinant present on proteins from Trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory
      products with molecular weights of 45,000, 49,000, and 53,000. The competitive
      ELISA reliably detected pigs infected experimentally with T. spiralis and
      eliminated false-positive reactions in pigs infected with other swine nematodes,
      particularly Trichurus suis. When the competitive ELISA and an indirect ELISA
      using affinity-isolated antigen were compared using serum from pigs with
      naturally-acquired infections of T. spiralis, both tests were highly effective in
      detecting infected animals.

PMID- 6385469
TI  - An analysis of DNA repair and recombination functions of bacteriophage T4 by
      means of suppressors: the role of das.
AB  - Previous studies have indicated that the bacteriophage T4 das mutations partially
      suppressed the DNA replication defects in gene 46 and 47 mutations. Here it is
      shown that the das mutation also suppresses the DNA repair defects but not the
      DNA replication defects of the uvsX and uvsY mutations. In contrast, the das
      mutation suppressed both the DNA replication and repair defects of gene 46 and 47
      mutations. These characteristics of das as well as those of the other
      suppressors, including uvsW(dar) and two new suppressors sur and uvsU have been
      used for the analysis of the DNA repair pathway. Based on the functions of these
      suppressors, a sequence in which the gene products in this pathway might act is
      suggested.

PMID- 6385468
TI  - Plasmid-phage recombination in T7 infected Escherichia coli.
AB  - Recombination between genetically marked T7 bacteriophage and plasmids containing
      inserts of T7 DNA has been studied in order to gain some insight into the phage
      recombination process. The results suggest that plasmid-phage recombination
      requires the products of T7 genes 3 (endonuclease), 4 (DNA primase), 5 (DNA
      polymerase), and 6 (exonuclease), as has been demonstrated previously for phage
      phage recombination. Plasmid replication does not compensate for a complete block
      in phage polymerase synthesis, suggesting a direct role for this enzyme in
      recombination, rather than an indirect role, by means of producing replicative
      structures that are recombinogenic. In most respects, plasmid-phage recombination
      appears to be similar to phage-phage recombination. The participation of two
      autonomous, structurally dissimilar, homologues, however, might render certain
      aspects of the recombination process more amenable to analysis. As examples, the
      characterization of an apparent marker effect and the demonstration of genetic
      heterozygotes among the products of plasmid-phage recombination are presented.

PMID- 6385470
TI  - A new suppressor of mutations in the DNA repair-recombination genes of
      bacteriophage T4: sur.
AB  - A new mutation designated sur was isolated as a suppressor of a mutation in the
      uvsX gene of T4 phage. Unlike the other suppressors of mutations in genes
      involved in DNA repair and recombination, sur has a wide range, suppressing both
      DNA repair and replication defects in mutations in genes uvsX, uvsY, 46, 47, and
      59. However, its suppressor functions may be confined to the uvsX-uvsY DNA repair
      pathway since sur did not suppress a mutation in the denV gene. The sur mutation
      results in an increased degradation of host DNA to an acid-soluble form, but this
      increase was blocked by a mutation in gene 46 (nuclease) indicating that the sur
      function is involved in an earlier step in the degradation of host DNA. This
      increased degradation of host DNA might be a reflection of a compensatory
      increase in an alternate DNA repair activity in the [sur] mutant.

PMID- 6385471
TI  - Individual cells in tissues of DHBV-infected ducks express antigens crossreactive
      with those on virus surface antigen particles and immature viral cores.
AB  - Double immunofluorescence assays of fixed sections of tissues from Pekin ducks
      congenitally infected with duck hepatitis B virus were carried out to score cells
      reactive to antiserum elicited either to viral DNA synthesis complexes (immature
      cores) purified from liver of infected ducks or to viral surface antigen
      particles and virions purified from sera of viremic ducks. Subpopulations of
      doubly fluorescent cells were detectable in liver (hepatocytes and bile duct
      epithelia), in kidney (proximal tubular epithelia), and in pancreas (acinar
      associated cells and endocrine alpha and beta cells); all cells reactive with one
      antiserum were reactive with the second antiserum. Competition assays established
      that the cell-associated antigens recognized by the two antisera were mutually
      non-crossreactive. The cell-associated antigen recognized by the antiserum
      elicited to the purified immature cores appears to be crossreactive with a 35,000
      Da polypeptide fraction associated with immature cores.

PMID- 6385472
TI  - [Use of levamisole in the complex treatment of pyoderma].

PMID- 6385473
TI  - [Development of sanatorial and health resort care in the Monoglian People's
      Republic].

PMID- 6385474
TI  - [Climatic treatment of children with respiratory allergy].

PMID- 6385475
TI  - [Carcinogenicity of various drugs].

PMID- 6385477
TI  - [Non-parametric analysis of the survival of cancer patients. Review of methods].

PMID- 6385476
TI  - [Prospects for the use of short-term tests in primary cancer prevention].

PMID- 6385478
TI  - [Copper metabolism, causes and prevention of its deficiency in the human body].

PMID- 6385479
TI  - [Nutrition and the formation of the organic matrix in bone tissue].

PMID- 6385480
TI  - [Effect of experimental hypercholesterolemia on the activity of various
      proteinases in the small-intestinal mucosa and liver in rats].

PMID- 6385481
TI  - [Effect of natural sterols on the body].

PMID- 6385483
TI  - A simple and inexpensive method of making grids (reticles) for light microscopic
      morphometry.

PMID- 6385482
TI  - Invention and development of the blood bag.

PMID- 6385484
TI  - [Use of nicergoline (Sermion) in the treatment of migraine].

PMID- 6385485
TI  - [Various clinical aspects of the aging process].

PMID- 6385486
TI  - [Placing the foundation stone for the Infant Jesus Hospital].

PMID- 6385487
TI  - [Value of Iso Mack Retard in the treatment of coronary disease].

PMID- 6385488
TI  - [Prevention of water intoxication after urological endoscopic procedures].

PMID- 6385489
TI  - [Alcoholic polyneuropathy].

PMID- 6385490
TI  - [Experimental studies on the extrathyroidal effects of iodine with special
      reference to their use in balneology].

PMID- 6385491
TI  - Ultrasonic localization and cytologic identification of parathyroid tumors.

PMID- 6385492
TI  - Localization procedures in patients requiring reoperation for
      hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 6385494
TI  - Medicaid cost containment in Wisconsin: long-term care reimbursement.

PMID- 6385493
TI  - Indications and late results of subtotal parathyroidectomy for
      hyperparathyroidism after renal transplantation.

PMID- 6385495
TI  - "Medical liability, competition, contracting, medicare assignment--these are our
      challenges".

PMID- 6385496
TI  - New Medicare assignment underway.

PMID- 6385497
TI  - World malaria situation, 1982. Malaria Action Programme, World Health
      Organization, Geneva.

PMID- 6385498
TI  - [Immunohistochemical findings in intrathoracic tumors. III. Detection of
      carcinoembryonic antigen in tumor tissue].
AB  - 35 intrathoracic tumors were investigated for the presence of carcinoembryonic
      antigen. Additionally, activity of alkaline phosphatase and nonspecific esterase
      was determined in correlation to the presence of carcinoembryonic antigen.
      Carcinoembryonic antigen was detected in 60% of all tumors and in 64% of
      bronchial carcinomas. Most positive findings were observed in adenocarcinomas and
      epidermoid carcinomas. Mesenchymal tumors (neurinoma, neurosarcoma, neurofibroma,
      thymoma) showed negative findings. Correlations between the presence of
      carcinoembryonic antigen and nonspecific esterase respectively alkaline
      phosphatase were not observed.

PMID- 6385499
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of influenza antibody titers in enzyme immunoassays and
      other serologic reactions following preventive vaccination and in influenza
      patients].

PMID- 6385500
TI  - [Methods of beta-lactamase detection in bacterial].

PMID- 6385501
TI  - ["New" taxa in the Enterobacteriaceae family and possibilities fo their
      identification in clinico-bacteriologic laboratories].

PMID- 6385502
TI  - [Bacteriologic studies of the danger of contamination of preserved blood and
      blood preparations in cold-storage rooms].

PMID- 6385503
TI  - [Diseases caused by sutures following stomach operations--yes or no?].
AB  - The importance of remaining suture material in the operated stomach was studied
      on two groups of patients. Group I consisted of 560 patients who were found among
      about 6,000 gastroscopically examined patients. Group II consisted of 102 non
      selected patients who underwent a gastric operation and in certain intervals were
      repeatedly examined gastroscopically and clinically after operation. The most
      frequent gastric operation was Billroth II, followed by Billroth I and the
      selective proximal vagotomy with pyloroplasty. Group I shows that the proof of
      suture material in the operated stomach depends on the postoperative time
      interval. During the first postoperative year the proof is most frequent with
      48.5% and permanently decreases in the following years. After the 15th
      postoperative year no threads were found. Suture material could be more
      frequently proved in the Billroth I stomach (52.5%) than in the Billroth II
      stomach (21.7%). In group II in 56% of the patients suture material was found in
      the stomach. Also here the Billroth I stomach was at the top. The analysis of the
      complaints in patients with and without suture material resulted in the fact that
      remaining suture material is responsible for epigastric complaints and
      complications such as ulcer and haemorrhage. The notion of "thread disease" is
      justified. The frequency of the symptomatic thread disease during the first two
      years after operation is 30%. A plan of measures for the decrease of this
      complication is proposed which among others provides the use of absorbable suture
      material for all sutures at the stomach and demands the endoscopic removal of all
      rests of sutures.

PMID- 6385504
TI  - [Bleeding postbulbar duodenal ulcer following radiotherapy of non-Hodgkin
      lymphoma].
AB  - On the basis of a case of life-threatening haemorrhage from a postbulbar duodenal
      ulcer two and a half year after radiotherapy carried out on a non-Hodgkin
      lymphoma, cases of the genesis and the diagnostics of this late complication are
      discussed.

PMID- 6385505
TI  - [Solitary liver abscesses in chronic brucellosis].
AB  - In two patients from southern Italy, the sonographic finding of great solitary
      focal liver lesions was contributed to brucella-abscesses (brucelloma) according
      to the clinical and serological data and to the results of ultrasonically guided
      fine needle aspiration biopsies. In both cases, laparotomy confirmed the
      diagnosis. We discuss the clinical findings and differential diagnosis of this
      uncommon inflammatory focal liver lesion.

PMID- 6385506
TI  - [Biliary pancreatitis--diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities with ERCP and
      endoscopic papillotomy].
AB  - The present retrospective study was undertaken to investigate the value of
      diagnostic procedures--clinical and biochemical parameters, ultra-sonography and
      ERCP--and the influence of endoscopic papillotomy on the course of biliary
      pancreatitis in 22 patients. A further 22 patients with alcoholic pancreatitis
      served as a control group. In the 22 patients with biliary pancreatitis, the case
      history pointed to biliary disease in 14 cases; in contrast to the patients with
      alcoholic pancreatitis, in none of these patients did excessive alcohol
      consumption precede the disease. Seven out of the 22 patients with biliary
      pancreatitis, but only 2 out of the 22 cases of alcoholic pancreatitis had a
      previous cholecystectomy. The pain was localized in the right upper abdomen in
      60% of the biliary pancreatitis patients, as compared with only 32% of the
      patients with alcoholic pancreatitis. The laboratory parameters (serum amylases,
      SGOT, serum bilirubin and leucocytes) did not permit any differentiation between
      biliary and alcoholic pancreatitis. With respect to the biliary genesis of
      pancreatitis, the sensitivity of the ultrasound examination was about 68%. The
      endoscopic detection of a so-called "stone papilla", spontaneous suprapapillary
      bilio-duodenal fistula, or a blood-tinged papilla, was evidence in favour of a
      biliary cause of the pancreatitis. In 12 patients, the stones has passed
      spontaneously; 10 patients were submitted to endoscopic papillotomy for bile duct
      stones detected by ERCP, and the stones were removed in 9/10 patients. A
      worsening of the clinical picture by ERCP was not observed in any of the
      patients. The course of serum amylases, leucocytes and pain in the papillotomied
      patients corresponded to that in patients with spontaneous stone passage. The
      results of the present study show that endoscopic papillotomy with stone
      extraction represents, in most patients with biliary pancreatitis, a possibility
      for causal therapy, avoiding an emergency surgical intervention. In demonstrated
      cholecystolithiasis, cholecystectomy can be planned as an elective procedure.

PMID- 6385507
TI  - [2 or 4 daily doses of cimetidine in the treatment of gastric ulcer?].
AB  - In a randomized multicentre study of 149 patients with gastric ulcer the effect
      of 1000 mg cimetidine daily applied in four separate doses was compared to that
      of 400 mg cimetidine twice a day. In both patient groups similar healing rates
      were observed. 80.3% and 74.0%, respectively, of the ulcers healed within 6
      weeks, and 93.8% and 90.3%, respectively, within 10 weeks. Abdominal pain and
      antacid consumption decreased under both regimens to a similar degree. Drug
      safety was good. Lower cost and simplicity in the administration make the b. i.
      d. regimen of cimetidine preferable to the q. i. d. regimen in the acute
      treatment of gastric ulcer.

PMID- 6385508
TI  - [2-Cuff technic for experimental liver transplantation in pigs].
AB  - A transplantation model for the experimental liver transplantation is introduced
      that forms the damage of the liver during the transplantation constantly and
      therewith reproducibly. The cuff technique was adapted for liver transplantation
      in pig. The infrahepatic vena cava and the portal vein were anastomosed by cuff
      technique, the suprahepatic vena cava by continuous suture technique. The
      demonstrated experiments include 34 cuff transplantations. The complication rate
      amounted to 14.7%. This technique is proved in our animal experimental practice.

PMID- 6385509
TI  - [Microsurgical extracorporeal renal artery reconstruction. Experimental research
      on a kidney autotransplant model in dogs].
AB  - Application of microvascular surgery for reconstruction of injured cadaveric
      kidney arteries leads to an increasing number of available kidneys for
      transplantation. In the canine kidney transplant model methods, and results of
      microvascular transplant artery reconstruction and angiographic follow-up
      investigations are described in detail.

PMID- 6385510
TI  - [Effect of pregnancy on maternal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. II: Changes
      in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism as well as hormonal changes following
      intravenous glucose administration].
AB  - The following parameters of glucose biokinetics in pregnancy, in which the
      behavior of the glucose in the steady state is described, were investigated
      mathematically following short-term disturbance of the steady state of the
      maternal metabolism by intravenous administration of glucose. The glucose
      assimilation coefficient (KG) is unchanged in pregnancy. However, both during
      pregnancy and post partum (2.30; 2.20; 2.36; 1.79 [%/min]), the values are higher
      than in the non-pregnant control group (1.2%/min). Analogously to these findings,
      the glucose distribution space increases during pregnancy from 13 liters to 16.3
      liters, decreasing post partum to 13.4 liters. The easily exchangeable glucose
      pool, i.e., the quantity available for assimilation in the distribution space, is
      unchanged during pregnancy; nor is there any change as compared to the non
      pregnant and postpartal control groups. Glucose transfer, i.e., the glucose
      quantity which enters or leaves the pool per unit of time, is increased during
      pregnancy (0.45; 0.444; 0.47 [g/kg/h]) as compared to the non-pregnant and
      postpartal controls (0.25; 0.35 [g/kg/h]). The findings above indicate that the
      maternal glucose metabolism is increased during pregnancy. Owing to the lipolytic
      effect of HPL, the mother is obliged to meet a portion of her energy requirements
      from the lipid metabolism, so that there is enough glucose available for the
      fetus. HPL appears to develop this glucose-saving effect doubly.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6385511
TI  - [A new long-acting Partusisten preparation for oral tocolysis--results of a
      multicenter study].
AB  - The new 14 mg Partusisten Depot Perlonget from Boehringer Ingelheim was tested in
      a multi-centre study for its uterine relaxant effect and duration of action,
      tolerance and the main side-effects over a period of 72 hours under the usual
      clinical conditions in 64 female patients with premature labour in the 29-36th
      week of pregnancy. The uterine activity which had increased owing to the
      premature labour and which was clearly reduced with i.v. infusion of Partusisten
      was still inhibited on the following 3 days under treatment with Partusisten
      Depot Perlongets. There was no increase in the rate or intensity of labour at the
      end of the 8-hour interval between doses of the Perlongets. The uterine relaxant
      effect and tolerance were good in 69% to 84% of cases. Side-effects were limited
      to restlessness, tremor and cardiovascular complaints which subsided clearly in
      the course of treatment. The average heart rate of the patients which was
      elevated at the start of treatment tended to normal range during treatment with
      Partusisten Depot Perlongets. The foetal heart rate remained normal. Thus the
      effect of Partusisten Depot Perlongets with 14 mg lasted for 8 hours, they are
      highly effective and particularly well tolerated.

PMID- 6385512
TI  - [The solid-phase hemadsorption (SPHA) test in syphilis reinfection].
AB  - In patients with re- and multiple syphilitic infections the titres of VDRL-, FTA-
      and SPHA-tests were compared. Among reinfections in which the VDRL gave no or
      initially no hint for a new infection, the SPHA is significantly reactive. The
      increase of IgG in the FTA-test confirmed the specificity of a new infection.

PMID- 6385513
TI  - [New aspects in the diagnosis of venous and lymphatic diseases of the legs].
AB  - A survey on new methods for the detection of deep vein thromboses and for the
      investigation of lymphedemas of the lower extremities is given. Doppler
      ultrasound, plethysmography and tele-thermography are valuable screening
      procedures for the detection of a deep vein thrombosis. Nuclear medical methods
      such as 131 J fibrinogen or 99-m-TC-plasmin-uptake test as well as isotopic
      phlebography are additional non-invasive procedures. For the routine diagnosis of
      lymphedema, isotopic lymphography can be recommended. Recently described methods
      such as quantitative isotopic lymphography and indirect lymphography with the new
      contrast medium Iotasul will probably enhance our present knowledge concerning
      pathophysiology and therapeutical effects in lymphedemas.

PMID- 6385514
TI  - [Effect of ultraviolet rays on alpha-MSH plasma concentration].
AB  - Influence of Ultraviolet Rays on alpha-MSH Plasmaconcentration. Ultraviolet total
      body irradiation induces changes of alpha-MSH plasmaconcentration dependent on
      wave-length of the source of radiation as well as skin type of the volunteers.
      Following UV-A total-body irradiation, we observed a significant increase of the
      proteohormone alpha-MSH, whereas UV-B rays did not change the plasma
      concentration. With regard to persons showing skin type I or II, we found low
      alpha-MSH basic values which were significantly increased 1 hour after UV-A
      irradiation; in contrast, more pigmented volunteers (skin type III or VI) showed
      far higher basic values but only little increase after UV-A irradiation.

PMID- 6385515
TI  - [Polychondritis chronica atrophicans].
AB  - Report on a patient suffering from relapsing polychondritis, who showed the
      cardinal manifestations on ears, eyes and joints, as well as a leucocytoclastic
      vasculitis and erythema nodosum-like lesions. Corticosteroids (prednisone 50 mg
      daily) have been effective in controlling all clinical symptoms.

PMID- 6385517
TI  - [Biochemical criteria of vitality in experimental auxiliary animal liver
      transplantation].

PMID- 6385516
TI  - [Classification of cerebrovascular processes using ultrasound methods].
AB  - By means of ultrasound A-mode echography and Doppler-Kranzbuhler sonography new
      fundamentals of non-invasive qualitative and quantitative classification of
      cerebrovascular processes could be developed: Apart from usual screening of
      stenoses and pulse curve analyses, measurements of diameters and wall movements
      in the extracranial and intracranial carotid artery and in the vertebral artery
      as well as determinations of the systolic and diastolic flow velocities in the
      extracranial arteries are outstanding features. By recording and evaluating these
      parameters and data patterns, coupled with clinical findings, differential
      conclusions on reactions of the cerebral hemodynamics in macrocirculatory and
      microcirculatory regions were realized in geriatric patients under the following
      pathophysiological and therapeutically induced conditions: Generally and
      regionally accentuated arteriosclerotic lesions of the brain (predominant
      vertebrobasilar insufficiency), decrease of flow velocities according to the
      diameter, aggravation by distress; principal possibility of pharmacological
      influence if myogenic autoregulation function is rehabilitable: It is
      demonstrated by the example of a long-term therapy with a combination of
      Raubasine, Dihydroergocristine and DHE (Defluina forte).

PMID- 6385518
TI  - [Quantitative histological studies of pancreatic mast cells in sand rats
      (Psammomys obesus) during formation of a mellitus syndrome. 1. The exocrine
      pancreas].

PMID- 6385519
TI  - [Quantitative histological studies of pancreatic mast cells in sand rats
      (Psammomys obesus) during formation of a mellitus syndrome. 2. The islands of
      Langerhans].

PMID- 6385520
TI  - Packing pattern of DNA in bacteriophage T2.
AB  - Osmotic shock was applied to phage T2 in such a manner that the compact-mass of
      DNA was released from phage. The shape of this compact-mass of DNA was studied
      under electron microscope. It appeared that the DNA was packed into an elongated
      icosahedron similar to the phage head.

PMID- 6385522
TI  - [Origins of medical hemoheology in the 18th century: H. Boerhaave, A. v. Haller
      and G. van Swieten].

PMID- 6385521
TI  - Hypereosinophilic syndrome: a review.

PMID- 6385523
TI  - [Has the introduction of digital subtraction angiography changed the field of
      angiography?].

PMID- 6385524
TI  - [Doppler sonographic diagnosis of extracranial occlusive disease. Validity of
      indirect, direct and combined procedures].

PMID- 6385525
TI  - [Pattern of distribution of arterial vascular occlusions of the extremities in a
      geriatric patient sample].

PMID- 6385526
TI  - Prostacyclin (PGI2) contracts normal and varicose human saphenous veins.

PMID- 6385527
TI  - [How should one close small incisions in varicose vein operations?].

PMID- 6385528
TI  - [Side effects of drugs used in pediatric dermatology].

PMID- 6385529
TI  - [Gottron's reticulosarcomatosis].

PMID- 6385530
TI  - [Functional state of T-lymphocytes of the skin in patients with psoriasis].

PMID- 6385531
TI  - [Prosthetic rehabilitation following partial resection of the mandible].

PMID- 6385532
TI  - [The microflora of sourdough. XIX. The effect of temperature and dough yield on
      the proteolytic effect of lactic acid bacteria in sourdough].
AB  - During fermentation of sour dough the flour proteins are degraded. The
      proteolysis depends not only on lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum, L.
      brevis ssp. lindneri, L. fructivorans) but also on the conditions of fermentation
      of the sour dough. An increase of temperatures between 25 degrees C and 35
      degrees C causes an increase in the amino acid content. The water content of the
      dough (T.A. 150/T.A. 210) influences the proteolytic activity of the bacteria to
      a lesser degree.

PMID- 6385533
TI  - [Dentitan--a combination denture using non-precious metal alloys].

PMID- 6385534
TI  - [Retention of cylindrical telescopic attachments with drawn frictional surfaces].

PMID- 6385535
TI  - [Torsion bridges. A contribution on long pontic bridges in the mandible].

PMID- 6385536
TI  - [The value of abutments in planning fixed and combination partial dentures].

PMID- 6385537
TI  - [The possibilities of ultrasonic diagnosis in dentistry].

PMID- 6385538
TI  - [The testing of 1-piece cast frameworks].

PMID- 6385539
TI  - [Critique of laboratory work (I). Advantageous contacts and critique of complete
      dentures].

PMID- 6385540
TI  - [An extensive mandibular defect caused by an ameloblastoma and its treatment with
      autologous bone transplantation].

PMID- 6385541
TI  - [Forensic medicine and clinical research].
AB  - After a review of the development of ethics committees, their relationship to
      forensic medicine as a university subject is illustrated. This is followed by a
      discussion on the structure, competence and efficiency of ethics committees on
      the faculties of medicine, taking into account the specific aims of internal
      pharmacological research projects and particularly risky operations taking place
      on humans for the first time.

PMID- 6385542
TI  - [Serum resistance of Escherichia coli in chronic pyelonephritis. 1. Serum
      resistance in the human serum pool].
AB  - 123 patients of the kidney department of the Clinic for Inner Medicine of Rostock
      University suffering from chronic pyelonephritis were taken into microbiological
      observation for between one and four years. 170 E. coli strains were bred from 59
      patients with significant bacteriuria in the course of the disease and their
      serum resistence was determined with pooled human serum using Taylor's method.
      78.24% of the strains examined were serum-sensitive, 11.18% intermediate and
      10.59% serum-resistent. All strains were O-, K- and H-typed. 57.06% were
      successfully O-typed and were distributed over 40 O-serogroups. 24.12% were not
      typable and 18.82% were rough colonies. 86.50% of the resistent and intermediate
      strains strains were O-typable, 13.50% could not be typed. The significance of E.
      coli antigens (O, K, H) and serum resistence for the maintenance of a chronic
      infection is discussed.

PMID- 6385543
TI  - [Preliminary results of the vaccine treatment of chronic pyelonephritis in animal
      experiments].
AB  - The immunization of rats with a formaldehyde-inactivated vaccine of the
      homologous infection strain does not lead to an improved tendency for an existing
      infection of the urinary tract to heal in the primarily infected kidney, but it
      can prevent it spreading to the other one. The dose is probably significant. In
      previously published investigations this effect did not occur after six
      vaccinations (11). In existing infection cyclophosphamide treatment does not
      prevent any possible enhancement and thus does not improve the elimination of
      germs.

PMID- 6385544
TI  - [Genetic causes of possible pathogenicity factors of urinary tract strains (E.
      coli)].
AB  - E. coli strains isolated from urinary specimens of patients suffering from
      pyelonephritis can be defined as uropathogenic by the following entities:
      production of hemolysins, adhesins and hydroxamates, serum resistance, capsule
      formation and specific O: H antigenes. The presence of these properties do not
      coincide with the carriage of specific plasmids encoding these functions.
      Moreover, using the plasmid pattern analysis identical uropathogenic clones
      distributed among the patients investigated could not be detected. These data
      point to the facts that in spite of specific marker combinations which give rise
      to uropathogenicity, a full range of different biological qualified strains
      occur. The clinical significance of these strains remain to be elucidated.

PMID- 6385545
TI  - [Fast physiochemical methods for the detection of bacteria in the urine].
AB  - Physiochemical methods permit quantitative determinations of bacteria within 3 to
      6 hrs and offer possibilities of automation in clinical bacteriology. The results
      photometrical bacteriuria-screening and electrochemical rapid method of oxygen
      partial pressure measurements in culture medium in comparison with conventional
      culture urine processing are presented. The method of impedance measurements is
      introduced in brief. At present time, electrochemical measurement of oxygen
      partial pressure is recommended for rapid bacteriuria screening.

PMID- 6385546
TI  - [Clasp dentures. Materials technics principles, indications, clinical uses].

PMID- 6385548
TI  - [The Herskovits double lamellar implants].

PMID- 6385547
TI  - [Sliding plane relation of facial points in defect prosthetics and implantology].

PMID- 6385549
TI  - Interaction of xenogeneic antiglomerular antibodies with foetal pig tissues.
AB  - Rabbit anti-swine-glomerular-immunoglobulin (AG Ig) was administered in utero to
      14 pig foetuses 40-103 d post-conception. In nine foetuses AG Ig was injected
      into the umbilical vein and 60 min later kidneys and other organs were collected.
      In five others, AG Ig was injected via the intact uterine wall, and the tissues
      were examined after further 11 or 35 d of uninterrupted pregnancy. No signs of
      glomerular inflammation were found by light microscopy. In electron microscopy,
      especially in younger foetuses, focal endothelial defects and subendothelial
      granular "deposits" were seen in deep glomeruli, but they appeared also in
      control foetuses of corresponding age. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed a
      strong diffuse linear positivity of the swine-anti-rabbit-Ig conjugate in the
      capillary loops of deep juxtamedullary glomeruli irrespective of foetal age and
      dose of antigen injected. Immature glomeruli and S-bodies yielded a poor to
      negative staining. Proof of swine Ig was negative in all kidneys as well as the
      test for rabbit and swine Ig in various other organs. Traces of rabbit Ig were
      only detected in disseminated platelet aggregates of myocardium in the early post
      injection period. Ultrastructural enzyme-antibody assay visualized AG Ig
      throughout all three layers of glomerular capillary basement membrane, and in the
      early period signs of transendothelial passage and escape of unbound rabbit Ig
      molecules were evident. The mesangial matrix, cell membranes, and extraglomerular
      basement membranes remained all negative. As follows, xenogeneic antiglomerular
      antibodies specifically react with target structures even at the end of the first
      third of intrauterine life, afflicted being only the deep mature polyanion-coated
      glomeruli. The foetal immune system is incapable of an adequate autologous
      antibody response, and we have failed to find even an early glomerular lesion
      comparable with the postnatal anti-basement-membrane glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 6385550
TI  - [In Wilhelm's Prussia it was considered seriously. The history of adolescent
      dental care in Germany].

PMID- 6385551
TI  - [Rationalization and limits of diagnostic and operative measures in invasive
      cholestasis diagnosis (percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography) in primary
      medical care].
AB  - In a case of jaundice PTC enables the surgeon to detect its mechanical cause
      without further delay. This method is especially helpful in smaller hospitals
      without CT or even sonographic equipment. Explorative laparotomy is no longer
      necessary. An immediate decision can be made whether to perform a palliative or
      curative procedure or only to install a percutaneous bile drainage.

PMID- 6385552
TI  - [Relaparotomy in a district hospital. Causes and results].
AB  - During the last 6 years (1977 to 1982), there were 2,064 cases of abdominal
      surgery. 85 of our patients (4.1%) underwent relaparotomy, 22 of them twice or
      more times. The death rate came up to 18.8%. The causes of relaparotomy and the
      therapeutic measures taken are dealt with in detail.

PMID- 6385553
TI  - [Significance of ultrasound tomography of the biliary tract from the surgical
      viewpoint. Value, advantages and disadvantages in comparison to roentgen
      diagnosis].

PMID- 6385554
TI  - [Prenatal sex determination using ultrasound].
AB  - The fetal urogenital region could be visualized by single routine sonography
      after the 20th gestational week in 66.4 per cent, after the 24th one in 74.4 per
      cent (n = 1002). Compared with the true sex of 875 children after birth 90.2 per
      cent of the girls and 75.9 per cent of the boys were determined correctly during
      pregnancy. The prenatal prognosis of a boy was confirmed in 90.3 per cent, of a
      girl only in 75.7 per cent. Multiple examinations make raise perceptibility and
      certainty. These differences and possible consequences in practice are discussed.
      In twin pregnancies final statements could not be afforded because of the more
      difficult conditions.

PMID- 6385555
TI  - [Sonographic studies of physiologic involution of the uterus in the puerperium].
AB  - 141 sonographic investigations were performed in a group of 52 patients between
      the first and eighth day after normal delivery for supervision of physiologic
      involution of the uterus. There were examined position of the uterus, size of
      cervix and corpus and thickness of anterior and posterior uterine wall. The
      results were examined statistically concerning correlations to birth weight of
      the newborn.

PMID- 6385556
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of scar defects following cesarean section].
AB  - The clinical signs and the diagnosis of deficient healing of the scar following
      caesarean section are reviewed. Maternal mortality following repeated caesarean
      section is four times higher than by normal vaginal delivery. Uterine rupture is
      accompanied by a 25-fold increase in perinatal mortality. At the department of
      obstetrics at Danderyd's Hospital 2542 case histories were reviewed. Caesarean
      section rate was 11,3%. At reoperation 2,8% of the scars exhibited deficient
      healing.--Because of this experience the ultrasound method was used to examine
      the echo-structures between the urinary bladder and the amniotic cavity. A Real
      time US-apparatur Axiscan 5 B-S was used. Corresponding to the scar-region smooth
      or pathologically deformed structures were observed. The clinical diagnosis of
      the scar healing was made at the time of delivery. 68 patients were examined. In
      31% of the cases a vaginal delivery was planned and carried through without
      complications. In an additional 9% vaginal delivery was planned but it was
      necessary to perform an acute caesarean section. Only in two of these cases the
      indication for operation was imminent scar-rupture. In the following 41 patients
      (60%) a planned caesarean section was performed. In no case there was clinical
      suspicion of defective scar healing.--In the whole material (n = 68) 1,5%
      fenestrations were found. Ten of the 15 (22%) deficiently healed uterine scars
      were diagnosed with aid of ultrasound before onset of labor. The ultrasonic risk
      group comprised 18% of the material. The sensitivity of the ultrasonic method was
      67% and the specificity 96%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6385557
TI  - [Hugo Sellheim (1871-1936)].

PMID- 6385558
TI  - [Reproduction-related mortality in earlier centuries].
AB  - Before an effective obstetrics maternal mortality has to be estimated with 1-2
      per cent and stillbirth-rate with about 5 per cent. 8-10 per cent of all lifeborn
      babies died during puerperium of their mothers. Development of obstetrics
      primarily caused a decreasing maternal mortality, which can be proved in the
      nineteenth century. After that perinatal losses could be reduced, too.

PMID- 6385559
TI  - Ecology and epidemiology of Candida species.
AB  - Exogenous and endogenous sources of pathogenic Candida species and the likely
      routes of their intra- and inter-human transmission are reviewed. Study of C.
      albicans strain types from clinical isolates of the fungus has shown that, for
      each person who harbours C. albicans, the strain type or types at different
      anatomical sites and at different times is likely to be the same, although
      exceptions to this rule are not uncommon. Moreover, the population of strain
      types associated with infection is statistically the same as that isolated in the
      absence of infection, which emphasises the importance of host debilitation in the
      aetiology of Candida infections. There are variations among C. albicans strain
      types in different geographical areas, and differences in phenotypic properties
      such as serotype and resistance to 5-fluorocytosine correlate also with other
      phenotypic properties of the fungi.

PMID- 6385560
TI  - The epidemiology and ecology of blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis and
      histoplasmosis.
AB  - Blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis are the major pulmonary
      mycoses of humans. Each is considered to be a primary pulmonary disease acquired
      by inhalation of infectious spores from the environment. Blastomycosis occurs
      predominantly in the Mississippi River Valley and Southeastern portions of the
      U.S.A. Clinical cases have also been noted from a few other areas of the world.
      The etiologic agent, Blastomyces dermatitidis, is not readily recoverable from
      nature, but the disease is not contagious and must be acquired from some
      exogenous source poorly defined at present. Blastomycosis is common in dogs but
      unusual in other species although a wide variety of animals can be infected
      experimentally. The disease is more common in middle age, in blacks, and in
      males. Coccidioidomycosis is restricted to the Western Hemisphere where most
      cases occur in the semiarid regions of Southwestern U.S. and contiguous areas of
      Mexico. Limited endemic foci are found in South and Central American locations.
      The arthroconidia of Coccidioides immitis occur in the soil of endemic areas from
      whence they are inhaled by humans and other animals. The disease is not
      customarily contagious. Handling cultures in the laboratory is a serious
      biohazard. The basis for an apparent racial predisposition to develop
      disseminated disease is unknown. Two clinical entities distinguishable by their
      etiologic agents are recognized to comprise histoplasmosis. Histoplasmosis caused
      by Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum is a cosmopolitan disease with the
      greatest known concentration of cases located in the eastern half of the U.S. and
      most of Latin America.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6385561
TI  - Ecological and epidemiological aspects in dermatophytoses.
AB  - Dermatophytes may be divided into several groups on the basis of sources of
      infection, host preference, clinical spectrum and geographic distribution. Other
      epidemiological factors are more directly host-related. This paper emphasizes the
      role of indirect transmission of infective propagules and the degree of exposure
      to large inocula in the human and animal environment, as detected by direct
      sampling methods.

PMID- 6385562
TI  - Carbohydrases and their role in the biology of pathogenic fungi.
AB  - Pathogenic fungi form different carbohydrases belonging to exo- and endo-types
      mostly. There is a wider range of glycanases of pathogenic and facultatively
      pathogenic fungi which are capable of living in the free nature. The role of
      carbohydrases as aggressive factors of the corresponding agents of mycotic
      processes is increasing under a pronounced disbalance of carbohydrates in
      macroorganisms.

PMID- 6385563
TI  - Attachment of Candida to mammalian tissues--clinical and experimental studies.
AB  - In this study we investigated whether a correlation between the frequency of
      candidal vaginitis and in vitro adherence of Candida albicans to human vaginal
      epithelial cells exists. The in vitro adherence of C. albicans to epithelial
      cells collected from 347 women of fertility and postmenopausal age, who did not
      suffer from vaginitis was assessed microscopically. Epithelial cells from women
      of the groups with known high frequency of vaginitis: diabetic and pregnant women
      revealed increased ability of in vitro adherence in comparison with a control
      group. We also investigated whether a correlation between the hormonal status of
      the women and adherence capacity of the epithelial cells exists. In vivo
      attachment of C. albicans to epithelial cells was studied in an experimental
      murine vaginitis model and assessed histopathologically in tissue sections or
      microscopically in mounts of exfoliated cells. Attempts were made to block the in
      vivo attachment and prevent infection by pretreating the animals with substances
      analogous to the fungal cell walls: substances which were previously found to be
      inhibitory in the in vitro adherence assay. Chitin, its component - N
      acetylglucosamine (NAG) and a soluble extract derived from chitin (CSE) inhibited
      in vivo attachment and prevented infection.

PMID- 6385564
TI  - A variety of Candida proteinases and their possible targets of proteolytic attack
      in the host.
AB  - Acid proteinases are secreted by the majority of strains of Candida albicans, C.
      tropicalis and C. parapsilosis, reflecting the sequence of virulence of Candida
      spp. for man. As revealed by exposure to various substrates and inhibitors,
      Candida proteinases are strain-specific, although close relationships exist
      between enzymes from strains of the same species. Possible targets of hydrolytic
      attack by Candida proteinases in the host are immunoglobulins, the proteinase
      scavenger alpha-2-macroglobulin, zymogens of regulatory serine proteinases such
      as coagulation factor X, and angiotensinogen. The involvement of Candida
      proteinase in the pathogenesis of acronecrosis is discussed.

PMID- 6385565
TI  - Invasive ability of Plesiomonas shigelloides.
AB  - Five of 16 strains of Plesiomonas shigelloides freshly isolated from children
      with acute diarrhoea, exhibited invasiveness for HeLa cells comparable to that of
      Shigella sonnei. None of the five, however, gave a positive reaction in the
      Sereny test. Although three of the invasive strains shared antigens with
      Shigella, no correlation was observed between invasiveness and the possession of
      such antigens. Only one of the invasive strains produced a toxin detectable as
      causing rounding of HeLa cells, although others released a product which
      inhibited protein synthesis in HeLa cells but which failed to provoke any
      dramatic morphological change.

PMID- 6385566
TI  - [Effect of colchicine and indomethacin on leukocytic phagocytosis of
      Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli].
AB  - The phagocytosis of S. aureus SG 511 and E. coli O4/K31 by human
      polymorphonuclear leucocytes is inhibited by colchicine in concentrations of 0.05
      and 0.04%. In comparison to the controls the growth of bacteria was reduced but
      not stopped. If human blood is added to the culture medium, staphylococci
      multiply in the presence of all colchicine concentrations tested. In contrast E.
      coli grows only at a concentration of colchicine of 0.02-0.03%. Indomethacin
      dissolved in ethanol inhibited clearly the phagocytosis of S. aureus and E. coli.
      This inhibition was significant for concentrations of 2 X 10(-4) and 1 X 10(-4)
      mol/l. The behavior of the tested bacteria with respect to growth and
      multiplications was not affected. Indomethacin, however, retarded the bacterial
      growth in concentrations from 2 X 10(-4) up to 3.75 X 10(-5) mol/l. The
      multiplication of E. coli was stopped by indomethacin at a concentration of 2 X
      10(-4) mol/l. If human blood is added to the phagocytosis test system with S.
      aureus and indomethacin, the bacteria will show a little reduction in the rate of
      the multiplication in concentrations of the compound from 2 X 10(-4) up to 3.75 X
      10(-5) mol/l. At a concentration of 2 X 10(-4) mol/l, the growth of E. coli was
      inhibited. It is concluded that for the inhibition of phagocytosis--f. e. in
      blood culture systems--the concentration of colchicine must be 0.03-0.02%; for
      indomethacin an optimal concentration of 1 X 10(-4) mol/l is recommended.

PMID- 6385567
TI  - [Protection against experimental Salmonella typhimurium infection in mice.
      Immunostimulating activity of heterologous Salmonella S-forms, R-mutants,
      lipopolysaccharides and muramyl dipeptide in vaccines combined with S.
      typhimurium].
AB  - In vaccines consisting of acetone-killed Salmonella, 90% of the bacteria were
      replaced by: heterologous Salmonella S-forms, R-mutants of Salmonella or
      Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharide from S. typhimurium (S-form) or from R
      mutants of Salmonella or E. coli and by muramyl dipeptide. Active immunizations
      of NMRI mice with these vaccines were undertaken. Mice received two
      intraperitoneal injections of the vaccines at intervals of 14 days, and were
      challenged with various doses of S. typhimurium C5 10 days later. The protective
      capacity of the mixed vaccines was compared with that of monovaccines (S.
      typhimurium) and with the effectiveness of vaccines consisting of the
      supplementing component (relatively weak immunizing ability) alone. The LD50
      served as criterion for protective capacity. The results showed that S.
      typhimurium S-form could be replaced by Salmonella R-mutants belonging to
      different chemotypes without a recognizable decrease in protective immunizing
      capacity of the vaccines. Effective vaccines were also attained when heterologous
      Salmonella S-forms, which exhibit no O-antigenic determinants in common with S.
      typhimurium, were used as supplements. Mixtures with E. coli R-mutants proved to
      be less effective. In addition, the diminished dose of S. typhimurium could be so
      effectively supplemented with lipopolysaccharide from S. minnesota R 595 that
      complete protection was achieved. In contrast, comparable doses of R
      lipopolysaccharides from E. coli were somewhat less effective. Vaccines of LPS
      extracted bacteria exhibited a reduced protective capacity and were ineffective
      when used as supplements in mixed vaccines. Analogous results were obtained when
      R-mutants served as basic vaccines in place of the S. typhimurium S-form
      indicating that an immunogenic component is enhanced in these organisms too and
      that their immunogenic capacity is not brought about barely by general
      stimulation of the immune system. However, the full effectiveness of the R
      monovaccines was often not attained with supplements. Immunization with mixed
      vaccines of S. typhimurium S-form and heterologous Salmonella S-forms or
      Salmonella R-mutants led to equally high agglutinin and haemagglutinin titers as
      those obtained with monovaccines of S. typhimurium S-form.

PMID- 6385568
TI  - [Salmonellas in feedstuffs].

PMID- 6385569
TI  - Humoral antibody responses to experimental and spontaneous Salmonella infections
      in cattle measured by ELISA.

PMID- 6385570
TI  - Experimental diarrhoea in lambs.

PMID- 6385571
TI  - A modified medium for Salmonella-isolation by the selective motility test.

PMID- 6385572
TI  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies to
      Nairobi sheep disease virus in comparison with an indirect immunofluorescent- and
      haemagglutination test. II. Results observed with sera of experimentally infected
      rabbits and sheep and with African sheep sera.

PMID- 6385574
TI  - [L. V. Gromashevskii's theory of the epidemic process and the development of this
      theory today].

PMID- 6385573
TI  - [Telencephalic sources of the afferents of the main olfactory bulb in the frog
      Rana temporaria].
AB  - Following horseradish peroxidase iontophoretic application into the main
      olfactory bulb (MOB) retrograde neuronal labeling was examined in the
      telencephalon in the frog. Labeled neurons, the sources of the MOB afferents are
      found in the mitral cell layer of the contralateral MOB, pallial and some
      subpallial areas. Very heavy labeling is observed in the pars ventralis of the
      lateral pallium, and to a lesser extent in the medial pallium, pars dorsalis of
      the lateral pallium and in the dorsal pallium. In subpallium labeled neurons are
      found in the eminentia postolfactoria, the rostral part of the medial septal
      nucleus, and in the nucleus of the ventro-medial telencephalic wall, which is
      probably homologous to the nucleus of the diagonal band (Broca) of mammals. No
      labelled neurons were found in the caudal portion of the MOB granular layer,
      usually referred to as the anterior olfactory nucleus. The arrangement of the MOB
      centrifugal innervation in amphibians is discussed in comparison with that in
      mammals.

PMID- 6385575
TI  - [L. V. Gromashevskii's theory and the problem of eradicating infectious
      diseases].

PMID- 6385576
TI  - [Various problems of biotechnology].
AB  - The prospects of using the methods of gene engineering for the development of
      viral vaccines are considered. The technological and biological barriers
      hampering the introduction of these biotechnological methods into the practice of
      vaccinal prophylaxis are analyzed. The work points out that in the near future
      successes may be achieved in synthetizing the internal proteins M and NP of
      influenza viruses and similar proteins of paramyxoviruses and rhabdoviruses, as
      well as in using yeast for the production of vaccine against hepatitis B.

PMID- 6385577
TI  - [Development of I.I.Mechnikov's ideas in the field of immunology].
AB  - I. I. Mechnikov's contribution to the development of medicine in our country and
      in the world is analyzed. The historical development of the basic ideas of the
      theory of phagocytosis, which has won general recognition in the world and
      greatly influenced the development of modern immunology, is retraced. The
      problems of the specific prophylaxis of viral and bacterial diseases are
      considered and the prospects of the active regulation of immunity are outlined.

PMID- 6385578
TI  - [The epidemiology of interhospital outbreaks of nosocomial infections].

PMID- 6385579
TI  - [Genetic bases of the virulence of pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria].

PMID- 6385580
TI  - [Nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria--flavobacteria].

PMID- 6385581
TI  - [Problems in infectious disease control at the VII Congress of Russian
      Naturalists and Physicians (on the centenary of the theory of phagocytosis)].

PMID- 6385582
TI  - [Potentials for the immunodiagnosis of suppurative infection].

PMID- 6385583
TI  - [Phase changes in bacterial batch cultures].

PMID- 6385584
TI  - [Enterotoxigenicity and neuraminidase activity of bacteria of the genus
      Citrobacter].
AB  - The data obtained in the study of Citrobacter strains isolated from patients with
      diarrheal diseases and from healthy persons are presented: enterotoxigenicity was
      studied in 68 strains, while neuraminidase activity in 41 strains. Among the
      strains of these groups 9 strains with active enterotoxin and 2 strains producing
      active neuraminidase were detected. The criteria for subdividing Citrobacter
      strains according to the activity of their thermolabile enterotoxin are proposed.

PMID- 6385585
TI  - [Protective activity of a cell-free Klebsiella vaccine in relation to different
      Klebsiella pneumoniae serovars].
AB  - The capacity of dried Klebsiella cell-free vaccine, obtained from strain No. 204
      by the disintegration of microbial cells with hydroxylamine, for protecting mice
      from Klebsiella septic infection caused by the homologous serovar and 9
      heterologous serovars of K. pneumoniae was studied. The newly developed
      preparation was found capable of stimulating immunity not only to the homologous
      K. pneumoniae serovar, but also to other K. pneumoniae heterologous serovars: K1,
      K9, K11, K16, K20, K61. The protective capacity of the preparation with respect
      to these serovars was not inferior to that of the vaccines prepared by the same
      method from the corresponding homologous strains. The capacity of the vaccine to
      protect mice from Klebsiella sepsis was manifested irrespective of the virulence
      of the strains used for challenge.

PMID- 6385586
TI  - Effect of sulphonylurea derivatives, SPC-703 and tolbutamide, on insulin binding
      by isolated rat adipocytes.
AB  - The effect of oral hypoglycaemic drugs, SPC-703 [n-(p-toluenesulphonyl)-5-methyl
      2-pirazoline-1-carbonami de] and tolbutamide on insulin binding by rat adipocytes
      from epididymal fat pads were studied. SPC-703 and tolbutamide in concentration
      of 1 mM added in vitro to the suspension of adipocytes had no effect on insulin
      binding and kinetic parameters of insulin receptors. Daily administration of 300
      mg/kg body weight of SPC-703 or tolbutamide for 10 days resulted in 48% and 34%
      increase of specific binding of insulin by adipocytes, respectively. From the
      Scatchard plot it appears that the increase of binding resulted from increased
      affinity of insulin receptors. These results may explain extrapancreatic action
      of sulphonylurea derivatives.

PMID- 6385587
TI  - Visualization and analysis of right heart blood flow patterns by contrast
      echocardiography.
AB  - The clinical utility of visualization of blood flow patterns across the tricuspid
      valve (TV) and pulmonary valve (PV) by M-mode contrast echocardiography was
      studied in 38 patients with documented valvular or congenital heart disease and
      in 15 controls. Diastolic turbulence was observed in the TV outflow side in three
      patients with tricuspid stenosis. Turbulent flow was also detected during systole
      in patients with septal defects (atrial septal defect in four patients and
      ventricular septal defect in one patient) in the right ventricular outflow tract
      and in three atrial septal defect patients also in the inflow tract, presumably
      because of increased volume of flow. Tricuspid regurgitation (11 patients) was
      characterized by retrograde laminar jet throughout systole, while in pulmonary
      regurgitation (six patients) retrograde flow was initially laminar although later
      on it might become turbulent. In pulmonary hypertension (29 patients) antegrade
      flow occurred approximately to mid-systole and then was interrupted by retrograde
      laminar flow which contributed to the mid-systolic closure of the pulmonary valve
      and pulmonary regurgitation in some cases. CONCLUSIONS: contrast echocardiography
      is a useful technique to analyse right heart blood flow patterns and may aid the
      diagnosis of various right heart abnormalities.

PMID- 6385588
TI  - [Vascular surgery today and tomorrow].

PMID- 6385589
TI  - [Preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas: significance, indications and
      results].
AB  - Preoperative localizing technics of a parathyroid tumour. The authors present a
      limited experience about preoperative localizing technics of a parathyroid
      tumour. Oesophagography and selenomethionine 75 scintigraphy were not useful.
      Ultrasonography and computed tomography localised 50% of the tumours. Selective
      thyroid venous catheterization and radioimmunoassay are correctly predictive in
      87,5% of the studied cases. The interest, morbidity and results of these
      different technics are discussed.

PMID- 6385590
TI  - Lung hernia after blunt thoracic trauma.

PMID- 6385591
TI  - Quality control in cytopathology. A system for simultaneous monitoring of
      accuracy and education and for proficiency testing.
AB  - Because of its very nature, cytopathology has not lent itself well to quality
      control. At the University of North Carolina, we practice an internal quality
      control system based on peer review, interprofessional dialogue and utilization
      of follow-up information. Recently reported cytology specimens are rescreened and
      correlated with related surgical specimens. This review is summarized in a weekly
      conference, at which retrospective accuracy judgments are made for each case
      under the supervision of the medical director and head cytotechnologist.
      Diagnostic accuracy is thus monitored. Accuracy is also improved since education
      is simultaneously monitored. A practical proficiency-testing program built into
      this system is described.

PMID- 6385592
TI  - Pulmonary cytology in paracoccidioidomycosis.
AB  - Paracoccidioidomycosis caused by the fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a
      common endemic deep mycosis in Brazil and other Latin American countries; the
      lungs are frequently involved with suppurative and granulomatous inflammation.
      With the aim of using pulmonary cytology as a diagnostic tool in
      paracoccidioidomycosis, the cytologic findings in 127 sputa, 4 bronchial washings
      and 2 bronchial aspirates from 45 patients with the mycosis were reviewed. Smears
      from all samples were stained by the Shorr and Leishmann techniques. Cell-block
      preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin and by the Gomori-Grocott method
      were available from 115 samples. Most samples (55%) were purulent, 30% were
      hemorrhagic and 17% were mucous. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils, macrophages and
      multinucleated giant cells were observed in all cases. P. brasiliensis was
      identified in samples from 95.5% of the patients, more frequently in the cell
      block preparations (93%) than in the smears (57.7%), probably as the consequence
      of the application of the Gomori-Grocott stain to the former. Epithelioid cells
      were present in 62.2% and squamous metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium in
      51.1% of cases. Cytology of pulmonary samples proved to be a useful diagnostic
      method for the detection of lung involvement by paracoccidioidomycosis in humans.
      The accuracy of the method increased with the number of samples examined from
      each patient.

PMID- 6385593
TI  - Effect of growth hormone on osteoblasts and demonstration of somatomedin-C/IGF I
      in bone organ culture.
AB  - Bone organ culture makes it possible to observe the direct influence of hormones
      on bone cells. We studied the effect of growth hormone in vitro on embryonal rat
      tibiae during culture for 7 days, functionally by measuring the levels of
      alkaline phosphatase in the culture medium, and morphologically by means of semi
      thin sections and electron microscopic examination. Since growth hormone (GH) is
      supposed to exert an indirect effect on bone cells, somatomedin-C/insulin-like
      growth factor I (SM-C/IGF I) as a possible mediator was also measured
      radioimmunologically in the culture medium. In the controls alkaline phosphatase
      levels showed a continuous increase up to the 7th day which was significantly
      higher in the presence of GH. There was also a significantly enhanced increase of
      SM-C/IGF I in the presence of GH during culture in comparison to the controls.
      Evidently IGF I is produced locally in bone and mediates the effect of GH on bone
      formation.

PMID- 6385595
TI  - Failure of chronic experimental hyperinsulinism to alter insulin binding to
      hypothalamic receptors in the rat.
AB  - We have previously shown that [125I]insulin binding to medial hypothalamic
      receptors is attenuated following 14 days of food restriction. Such rats are
      characterized by considerably reduced circulating insulin levels with unchanged
      hypothalamic insulin concentration. The present data demonstrate that, in
      contrast to the effects of starvation, [125I]insulin binding to hypothalamic
      receptors from rats made hyperinsulinaemic by daily injections of protamine zinc
      insulin (4-6 U/rat/day for 14 days) is unaffected by this manipulation, even
      though hypothalamic insulin concentration in insulin-injected animals was
      significantly higher than in saline-injected controls. Insulin binding to
      partially purified membranes from the medial hypothalamic region was
      significantly greater than that from the lateral area, confirming a finding in
      our earlier study. Insulin treatment was associated with slight reductions in
      maximal insulin-binding capacity of medial hypothalamic receptors, a tendency
      which appeared to be compensated by reciprocal changes in receptor affinity for
      this hormone. The data indicate that hypothalamic insulin receptors are not
      regulated by peripheral or even central insulin levels per se; it appears,
      rather, that some other, as yet unidentified, correlate(s) of significantly
      altered food intake and/or body weight can modify hypothalamic insulin receptor
      function. Perhaps such modifications could, in turn, participate in the
      activation of regulatory mechanisms involved in correcting energy imbalance.

PMID- 6385594
TI  - Starvation-induced changes in insulin binding to hypothalamic receptors in the
      rat.
AB  - In order to determine whether insulin binding to receptors in the central nervous
      system can be modified by changes in energy balance, hypothalami from 48 h food
      deprived and 14 day food restricted (8 or 4 g chow/day) rats were removed and
      insulin binding to partially purified membranes from both medial and lateral
      hypothalamic regions was studied. Hypothalamic insulin concentration was measured
      in similarly treated animals. Although hypothalamic insulin concentration did not
      vary, insulin binding to lateral receptors was significantly lower than that
      obtained from the medial region. After prolonged food restriction, binding to
      medial receptors was significantly reduced in comparison to controls, whereas
      binding in the lateral region remained unchanged; differences were most
      pronounced at near-physiological insulin concentrations. Changes in per cent
      specific [125I]insulin binding were associated with corresponding changes in
      maximal insulin-binding capacity, the latter being inversely related to receptor
      affinity for this hormone. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that
      insulin, acting via hypothalamic receptors, may serve as a metabolic feedback
      signal linking the periphery with central body weight regulatory mechanisms.

PMID- 6385596
TI  - Monitoring of follicular growth for I.V.F.-E.T. programme: the value of E2 assay
      and echography.
AB  - The possibility of a correlation between biological (E2) and morphological (U.S.)
      parameters, in view of obtaining a correct prevision of follicular maturation and
      ovulation is discussed. In this study normal patients with a tubal sterility were
      treated with clomiphene citrate and clomiphene plus H.M.G. The statistical
      analysis was performed by means of the linear correlation (r) and the relative
      test of significance (Student T.). The data obtained in this study show that
      notwithstanding that the rising plasma concentration of E2, which precedes
      ovulation, is the first and more constant marker of follicular maturation,
      because of its wide range of variability its usefulness in prediction of
      ovulation is nearly limited to spontaneous cycles. In fact in stimulated cycles
      the rising plasma-E2 concentration is rather an independent variable regarding
      the growth of single follicles (F.D.).

PMID- 6385597
TI  - [T cell distribution in the lymphatic tissues of bone marrow chimeras. An
      immunohistochemical study].

PMID- 6385598
TI  - [Leprosy in Guatemala 1982].
AB  - Leprosy is an endemic disease in Guatemala. The author presents a brief account
      of the Leprosy situation, from the year of 1527 to January first, 1982. During
      the early years of the Guatemala's colonial epoch, Leprosy was also named
      "Lazarus illness". From the years of 1530 to 1874, the leprosy patients, were
      successively attended in the following hospitals: 1) "The Mercy Hospital" in
      1530; 2) "The Saint Lazarus Hospital" in 1638; 3) "The Piety Asylum" in 1874; and
      4) "The Ramiro Galvez Leprosarium" in 1972. In 1973, was founded the "Guatemala
      Leprosy Patronage" and also, it created the the INSTITUTE OF DERMATOLOGY, also
      named INDERMA. From January first of 1973 to January first of 1982, INDERMA taked
      care and and treated, in its Guatemala city hospital and out patients clinics,
      the following cases: I. Patients with diseases of the skin, 79,241, II. New
      leprosy patients plus periodical consults (every 3 months) of old and known
      leprosy patients, during 9 consecutive years, 3,685, III. Clinical controls and
      consults of suspicious contacts, 6,188, IV. The INDERMA's rural anti leprosy
      campaign and their mobil units, take care and clinically examined healthy
      persons, 12,096, Among this group, were discovered 137 new leprosy patients. The
      total amount of INDERMA's health services, til I/82, 101,206. The rural anti
      leprosy campaign, has confirmed that the north oriental zone is the endemic area
      of Guatemala (Photo 7). Until today (I/1982) there are 410 verified cases of
      Leprosy in Guatemala. Among them, the predominant leprosy type, is the
      lepromatous one, with 49,04%. 62,43% of the leprosy patients are male. Of the age
      group, the 30 to 39 year old, predominates with 19,24%. The prevalence and
      density leprosy index, were verified only in the endemic zone with 24 257 square
      kilometers and 0,564% and 1 441 290 population = 0,345%. Actually, as the endemic
      leprosy area is controlled, INDERMA has continued the study and care of the
      leprosy patients in the rest of the Guatemala republic.

PMID- 6385599
TI  - [Contribution to the study of leprosy and BCG vaccination among the children of
      lepers and non-family contacts in Iran].

PMID- 6385600
TI  - [Combination of BCG and lepromin in the treatment of leprosy].
AB  - An unusual principle has been observed: when obliged to reproduce in a new medium
      ill-adapted to their development, mycobacteria abandon their common mode of
      reproduction--transversal division--and adopt a mode of evolution that puts less
      of a strain on their vitality: the long evolutive cycle, first described in 1899.
      In an initial step, the mycobacilli used for seeding purposes undergo auto
      bacteriolysis, creating a cyanophilous fundamental substance which is in fact a
      symplasm due to the ex-bacillary microgranules, a multitude of independent and
      mobile genes. These genes merge according to a new and simpler arrangement: thus
      are formed the slender cocci that take the place of the amorphous cyanophilous
      substance. These cocci, released in the culture, multiply and lengthen into
      bacilli which merge to form a new amorphous cyanophilous substance. This new
      amorphous cyanophilous substance, thanks to another rearrangement of its genes,
      then forms a "crust" which undergoes exfoliation and crumbles into alcohol-acid
      fast (a.a.f.) bacilli. Coryneforms and a.a.f. bacilli (mycobacteria) constitute
      two distinct agents with different and even occasionally opposite
      pathogenicities, as can be observed in co-cultures of Coryneforms (Hansen's
      bacillus or bacillus Calmette-Guerin) and tubercle (Koch's) bacillus. In such co
      cultures, the tubercle bacilli progressively lose their vitality and virulence
      while, inversely, the Coryneforms reinforce their pathogenicity. Co-cultures of
      BCG and lepromin thus constitute an association with a particular property and
      most likely an auto-vaccinating activity against leprosy which is the subject of
      on-going research.

PMID- 6385601
TI  - [Clinical and paraclinical evaluation of lepers at the Marchoux Institute after
      12 months of treatment with desoxyfructo-serotonin].

PMID- 6385602
TI  - [Update on the treatment of leprosy with desoxyfructo-serotonin at Bamako].

PMID- 6385603
TI  - [Epidemiologic surveillance in leprosy control programs].
AB  - Epidemiological surveillance of leprosy has to be very particular. As a matter of
      fact, leprosy is a long lasting disease which occurs for preference in developing
      countries where means of surveillance are said to be rudimentary and of poor
      reliability. Moreover initial stage of the disease is always undeterminated and
      its mean duration depends on clinical forms. Epidemiological and operational
      constraints are closely related together and must be included in an original
      surveillance program. The incidence rate is infered from the detection rate
      ratified by rates of: new monomacular cases, new cases with deformities and ratio
      multibacillary forms/pancibacillary forms. Prevalence rate is a very important
      operational indicator. Leprosy must be constantly registered and notified by
      every people in charge of collecting epidemiological data whether this
      epidemiological collection is exhaustive or selective. (Selectivity based on
      morbidity or on health centers in charge of surveillance). It is necessary to
      repeat transversal domiciliary surveys, in order to obtain necessary information
      for the knowledge of incidence and prevalence rate determinator. This gives also
      the possibility to correct the incidence and detection rates outside of the area
      of influence of health centers. Methodology of surveillance depends not only on
      epidemiological but also on clinical and operational informations (case holding
      problems). Feedback of results must be decentralized. In this respect,
      epidemiological surveillance of leprosy appears to be more interesting than its
      own purpose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6385604
TI  - Neurological complications of antineoplastic therapy.
AB  - Increasingly vigorous chemotherapy of cancer including primary and metastatic
      central nervous system disease has resulted in prolonged good-quality survival.
      However, there has been an associated increase in neurotoxicity from both
      radiation therapy and chemotherapy. All classes of chemotherapeutic agents
      contain drugs that are potentially neurotoxic, often only at high doses.
      Mechlorethamine, the first nitrogen mustard, is not neurotoxic at conventional
      dosage, but at high doses, it may produce both an acute and a delayed
      encephalopathy. Methotrexate administered intrathecally often induces reversible
      aseptic meningitis, but chronic administration, either intrathecally or high-dose
      intravenously, may produce fatal leukoencephalopathy. 5-Fluorouracil at high
      dosage may cause cerebellar ataxia, but may also do so at low dosage when
      combined with thymidine infusions. Cytosine arabinoside at high dosage may also
      produce cerebellar ataxia. Vincristine produces a peripheral neuropathy, and less
      commonly causes both autonomic and cranial neuropathy. The enzyme L-asparaginase
      can produce a dose-related reversible encephalopathy. BCNU, now the mainstay of
      glioma chemotherapy, may combine with radiation to produce long-term cerebral
      atrophy. Both intracarotid and high-dose intravenous BCNU administration may
      cause encephalopathy. Several other chemotherapeutic agents have also been
      reported to cause neurotoxicity under certain circumstances.

PMID- 6385605
TI  - The response of oligodendrocytes to chemical injury.
AB  - Oligodendrocytes establish relationships with axons at myelination which commit
      the cell to make and then maintain certain volumes of myelin. As a result of this
      oligodendrocytes are a heterogenous population of cells. At one extreme, large
      cells support a single internode on large diameter axons while at the other,
      small cells support many internodes on small diameter axons. Although it is
      common practice to separate chemicals which cause vacuolation of myelin sheaths
      from those which bring about cell death and thus demyelination, many compounds
      produce vacuolation and/or cell degeneration depending on concentration; an
      observation which suggests that myelin sheath-associated vacuolation reflects
      oligodendrocyte toxicity rather than a specific myelinopathy. The restoration of
      myelin sheath-axon relationships following chemically induced demyelination
      requires a complex sequence of cell-cell interactions to occur in an orderly
      manner if new myelin sheaths are to be formed. Recruitment of new
      oligodendrocytes can be separated from the interaction of oligodendrocytes with
      axons which results in the laying down of a myelin sheath. The latter event can
      only take place in the absence of demyelinating agents and in the presence of
      astrocytes.

PMID- 6385607
TI  - Mucosolvan in the treatment of patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. Results
      from a double-blind cross-over investigation.
AB  - Thirty-six patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome were randomized to Mucosolvan
      (60 mg X 2 daily) or placebo, in a double-blind cross-over study. Each period of
      treatment was 3 weeks with 1 week wash-out in between. None of the objective
      ophthalmological tests (Schirmer-1-test, break-up time, van Bijsterveld score,
      cornea sensitivity, appearance of nuclear chromatin in conjunctival epithelial
      cells, tear lysozyme) improved during the investigation period.

PMID- 6385606
TI  - The effect of prospective HLA-A and -B matching in 288 penetrating keratoplasties
      for herpes simplex keratitis.
AB  - A retrospective review of 288 penetrating keratoplasties (PKP) for herpes simplex
      keratitis demonstrated a 60.4% survival rate of clear grafts at 3 years. A highly
      significant difference in corneal graft survival in severely vascularized corneas
      (57.1% at 3 years) versus non- or slightly vascularized corneas (82.8% at 3
      years) was observed (P = 0.009). Prospectively HLA-A and -B matched grafts in
      vascularized corneas revealed a significantly improved graft survival when
      compared to unmatched grafts (P = 0.035). Corneal graft survival in eyes grafted
      'a chaud' was not significantly below the graft survival of vascularized corneas
      with a clinically non-active herpetic corneal disease. Recurrence of herpes
      simplex in the graft was observed in an earlier postoperative period in HLA-A and
      -B matched grafts (P = 0.0004).

PMID- 6385608
TI  - The prevalence of cataract in insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus.
AB  - In an epidemiological study of 533 diabetics - 227 treated with insulin and 306
      treated with oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHA) - the prevalence of cataract/aphakia
      and lens opacities was in total higher (P less than 0.01) in type 2 diabetics (=
      non-insulin-dependent diabetes) compared with type 1 diabetics (= insulin
      dependent diabetes). Type 2 diabetics were characterized by a higher age than
      type 1 diabetics (P less than 0.01). Thus, an age-specific comparison between
      type 1 and type 2 diabetics showed no difference (P greater than 0.05) in the
      occurrence of cataract/aphakia in type 1 diabetics (P less than 0.01) in the age
      interval 50-64 years. Cataract/aphakia and lens opacities correlated positively
      (P less than 0.01) with the current age and presence of retinopathy within both
      groups of diabetics. In type 1 diabetics the duration of diabetes was related to
      cataract/aphakia. A comparison of this study with the results of previous
      population studies of cataract in non-diabetics indicates that cataract/aphakia
      occurs more frequently in diabetics exclusively below the age of 65-70 years.

PMID- 6385609
TI  - [Nerve anastomoses. Sutures or fibrinogenic glue? Preliminary results].
AB  - A comparative animal experiment was set up between two nerve anastomosis
      techniques, one by sealing nerve ends with a fibrinogen-thrombine glue and the
      other by classical perineural suturing. It was concluded that glueing nerve ends,
      from the surgical-technical point of view is a better method than suturing. It is
      an easy, time-sparing method which allows excellent coaptation of the severed
      nerves with minimal iatrogenic trauma. On the long run however some questions
      remain. There is the problem of induced fibrosis by using high doses of
      aprotinine and factor XIII at the site of the nerve junctions and on the other
      hand the influence of fibrinolysis in traumatized tissues, with early decrease of
      tensile strength at the junctions before nerve healing. So glued nerve ends
      should be completely free of tension, protected against secondary shearing
      forces, and also immobilization of the region is required.

PMID- 6385610
TI  - Treatment of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome with levamisole.
AB  - Thirty children with frequently relapsing idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS)
      were treated with levamisole (2.5 mg/kg BW) twice a week for a mean period of 9.9
      months. A beneficial effect was observed in 16 children in whom corticosteroids
      could be significantly decreased without relapse. Levamisole was ineffective in
      14 patients. There was no difference between the two groups in the duration of
      INS, the number of relapses and the duration of treatment with levamisole. The
      mean age at onset of INS was higher in the group of patients where levamisole was
      effective (5.8 years versus 2.8 years). In 7 patients who responded to levamisole
      neutrophils decreased below 4 X 10(9)/l. Transient granulocytopenia was observed
      in 3. It is concluded that levamisole may be effective in frequently relapsing
      INS with minimal side effects.

PMID- 6385611
TI  - Oxandrolone in girls with Turner's syndrome. A pair-matched controlled study up
      to final height.
AB  - Twenty-six one-year treatment periods on oxandrolone (0.1 mg/kg/day) were studied
      in 20 patients with Turner's syndrome. Control patients with Turner's syndrome
      were matched by using the following criteria: difference in bone age being not
      greater than 0.5 years and difference in the Bayley-Pinneau height prediction not
      greater than 3 cm. Height and height velocity were compared with standards of
      girls with Turner's syndrome (10) and expressed in standard deviation scores
      (SDS). On oxandrolone height velocity increased significantly from -0.3 SDS to +
      3.0 SDS. The increase in height velocity was negatively correlated to the bone
      age at onset of treatment (r = -0.62, p less than 0.01). Height SDS improved by
      0.45 SDS in the treated patients whereas it did not change in the control
      patients. The bone age velocity during the treatment period (including a six
      month period after treatment) was 0.75 year/year in the treated, compared to 0.66
      year/year in the control patients (NS). 15 of the 20 patients have reached final
      height. The difference in final height minus predicted height (Bayley-Pinneau) at
      onset of treatment was taken as a measure of "gain in final height". Seven of
      those (mean bone age 12.1 years at onset of treatment) were treated for one year
      only and had--compared to the matched controls--a mean net gain in final height
      of 2.5 cm (NS). Eight patients (mean bone age 10.1 years at onset of treatment)
      were treated for two one-year periods and had a significant mean net gain in
      final height of 5.2 cm. Height predictions calculated by the method of Lenko (14)
      gave an identical mean net gain in final height (5.1 cm).

PMID- 6385612
TI  - Insulin resistance in an infant with leprechaunism.
AB  - A Japanese female infant with typical features of leprechaunism exhibited glucose
      intolerance despite marked hyperinsulinemia, indicating insulin resistance.
      Circulating insulin appeared to be chemically and biologically normal. There was
      no evidence of antagonism of insulin action or circulating antibodies to insulin
      or insulin receptors. Insulin receptor assay of her erythrocytes showed very low
      affinity despite a six-fold increase in the number of receptors as compared with
      those of normal adult controls. Our studies indicate that insulin resistance in
      this patient appears to be due to a qualitative abnormality of insulin receptors
      or to a postreceptor defect.

PMID- 6385613
TI  - Rapid diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia in infants.
AB  - By utilizing a species specific monoclonal antibody against Chlamydia trachomatis
      for a direct fluorescent antibody stain, chlamydia organisms were demonstrated in
      smears of respiratory tract secretions from two infants with pneumonia. C.
      trachomatis organisms were isolated from tracheo-nasopharyngeal aspirates of both
      babies and high titer IgM antibodies found in both against the isolated serotype.
      None of the three diagnostic methods were positive for C. trachomatis in any of
      the other 39 infants and children to six years of age with pneumonia studied.

PMID- 6385614
TI  - Effect of cytochalasin B and dihydrocytochalasin B on invasiveness of entero
      invasive bacteria in HEp-2 cell cultures.
AB  - The effect of cytochalasin B (CB) and di-hydrocytochalasin B (H2CB) on the
      invasiveness of Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri and Yersinia
      enterocolotica serotype 0:3 in HEp-2 cell cultures was examined. The intra
      cellular and extra-cellular bacteria were identified by a combination of Nomarski
      interference contrast microscopy and UV incident light microscopy applied on the
      same light microscope. Pre-treatment of cells with CB and H2CB inhibited the
      uptake of S. typhimurium and S. flexneri in the HEp-2 cell cultures. The effect
      was time and dose dependent. On the other hand, the drugs did not influence the
      invasiveness of Y. enterocolitica. The results indicate that activity of cellular
      actin micro-filaments is essential for invasiveness of S. typhimurium and S.
      flexneri.

PMID- 6385615
TI  - Duration of incubation of aerobic blood cultures--a comparison of recovery rates
      following blind subcultures after 0-2, 4 and 9 days.
AB  - 5,465 aerobic blood culture bottles were examined with 3 blind subcultures: 1. at
      the arrival of the cultures in the laboratory (0-2 days after their collection),
      2. after 4 days' incubation, and 3. after 9 days' incubation. Growth was detected
      at subculture 1 in 77.0%, at subculture 2 in 20.6% and at subculture 3 in 2.4% of
      the positive cultures. Only 2 isolates (Staphylococcus aureus 1 bottle,
      Klebsiella species 1 bottle, 0.48% of total positives) were recovered in the
      final subculture only.

PMID- 6385616
TI  - Neutrophil phagocytosis of treponema denticola as indicated by extracellular
      release of lactoferrin.
AB  - Lysosomal enzyme release from viable human neutrophils occurs during phagocytic
      activity in vivo. Phagocytosis of a strain of T. denticola, an oral spirochete,
      was indicated by the finding of lactoferrin in the extracellular medium of
      neutrophils challenged with this organism. The extracellular release of
      lactoferrin was dependent on duration of bacterial challenge, but peak
      concentration appeared at a later stage than seen in phagocytosis experiments
      with Escherichia coli, which served as a control. Neutrophil phagocytosis of T.
      denticola may be of importance as a defence factor in periodontal disease.

PMID- 6385617
TI  - Multistage skin carcinogenesis: a useful model for the study of the
      chemoprevention of cancer.
AB  - Skin carcinogenesis can be operationally and mechanistically divided into at
      least three stages; tumor initiation, stage I and stage II of promotion. Current
      information suggests that reactive intermediates of skin tumor initiators are
      mutagenic and bind convalently to DNA of epidermal stem cells (dark basal
      keratinocytes) leading to some irreversible alteration in the differentiation
      capacity of these cells. Inhibitors of skin tumor initiation by polycyclic
      aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) decrease the level of the PAH diol-epoxide bound to
      specific DNA adducts. The tumor promoters have been shown to have many cellular
      and biochemical effects in the skin. Recent data suggests that free radicals may
      be important in skin tumor promotion. The first stage of promotion is partially
      irreversible and can be accomplished by a single treatment of a tumor promoter
      such as TPA or by non-promoting agents such as 4-0-methyl-TPA, calcium ionophore
      A23187, and hydrogen peroxide, as well as wounding. These agents increase the
      number of dark basal keratinocytes, which suggest that these cells are important
      in the first stage of promotion. Prostaglandin E2 was found to specifically
      enhance stage I of promotion whereas the protease inhibitor tosyl phenylalanine
      chloromethylketone (TPCK) specially inhibited stage I of promotion and the TPA
      induced dark basal keratinocytes. The second stage of promotion is initially
      reversible but later becomes irreversible. The weak promoting agent mezerein is
      an effective stage II promoter. Polyamines and epidermal cell proliferation
      appear to be important events in stage II of promotion. Putrescine was found to
      specifically enhance stage II, whereas retinoic acid (RA),
      diflouromethylornithine (DFMO), and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) specially
      inhibited stage II of promotion and the mezerein-induced polyamine levels.
      Floucinolone acetonide (FA) was found to inhibit both stages but was more
      effective in counteracting stage I of promotion. Although, TPA can cause a
      decrease in the number of glucocorticoid receptors during promotion, FA can
      effectively prevent this loss. Recent data suggest that skin tumor promotion can
      be effectively inhibited by a combination of stage I and II inhibitors.
      Furthermore, skin carcinogenesis can be counteracted by a combination of low and
      nontoxic doses of BHA, TPCK, DFMO and vitamin E.

PMID- 6385618
TI  - Co-carcinogens of the initiation-(or tumor)promoter type as environmental risk
      factors of cancer in man, experimental analysis of an etiologic model situation
      of life style cancer and current problems of assessment of cancer risk in
      multifactorial carcinogenesis.
AB  - The identification of so-called co-carcinogens i.e. "per se essentially non
      carcinogenic amplifiers" of carcinogenesis - especially promoters of
      initiation(or tumors) - as a new, non-classical group of risk factors has added a
      new dimension to the etiology of cancer in man. Indeed, in real human life,
      multifactorial causation of cancer may be considered the rule and classical
      unifactorial causation the exception. This comprehensive and current concept of
      the etiology of cancer in man and certain prototype experimental models of
      multifactorial carcinogenesis allow for proposals of a standardized terminology
      which may be adequate for common use in both, experimental and epidemiological
      oncology. On the background of a recent experimental analysis of life style
      esophageal cancer the current situation regarding the scientific basis of
      classification and grading of carcinogenic risk factors will be reviewed. It may
      be helpful in legislation aiming at more environmental safety.

PMID- 6385619
TI  - Metabolism of carcinogens, possibilities for modulation.
AB  - One of the structural elements which are widely occurring in very many chemical
      mutagens and carcinogens are aromatic and olefinic moieties. These can be
      transformed into epoxides by microsomal monooxygenases. Such epoxides may
      spontaneously react with nucleophilic centers in the cell and thereby covalently
      bind to DNA, RNA and protein. Such a reaction may lead to cytotoxicity, allergy,
      mutagenicity and/or carcinogenicity, depending on the properties of the epoxide
      in question. An important contributing factor is the presence of enzymes
      controlling the concentration of such epoxides. There are several microsomal
      monooxygenases which differ in activity and substrate specificity. With large
      substrates, some monooxygenases preferentially attack at one specific site
      different from that attacked by others. Some of these pathways lead to reactive
      products, others are detoxification pathways. Also important are the enzymes
      which metabolize epoxides, such as epoxide hydrolases and glutathione
      transferases. Such enzymes can act as inactivating and in some specific cases
      also as co-activating enzymes. Moreover, precursor-sequestering enzymes such as
      dihydrodiol dehydrogenase, glucuronosyl transferases and sulphotransferases are
      important for the control of reactive epoxides. These enzymes themselves are
      subject to control by many endogenous and exogenous factors. By virtue of their
      contribution to the control of carcinogenic metabolites such modulators can act
      as modifiers of tumorigenesis and can be used experimentally to study the role of
      the various individual enzymes.

PMID- 6385620
TI  - General environmental modifiers of carcinogenesis.

PMID- 6385621
TI  - Co-carcinogenesis.

PMID- 6385622
TI  - The role of genotoxic carcinogens and of promoters in carcinogenesis and in human
      cancer causation.
AB  - The majority of human cancers have multifactorial environmental causes stemming
      mainly from lifestyle factors such as use of tobacco products through cigarette
      smoking, snuff dipping, or chewing, and specific nutritional elements and dietary
      practices. The mechanisms of these lifestyle factors can be analyzed in terms of
      specific genotoxic carcinogens, and of epigenetic agents or promoting factors.
      Tobacco and tobacco smoke contain not only genotoxic carcinogens but also, with a
      more important ultimate effect, cocarcinogens and promoters. Alcohol acts as a
      cocarcinogen with tobacco, possibly by modifying the metabolism of carcinogens in
      select organs. Genotoxic carcinogens as nutritional factors may be found in
      pickled, salted, and smoked foods and may be responsible for gastric cancer.
      Vitamins C and E and other antioxidants are effective inhibitors. Other types of
      genotoxic carcinogens are mutagenic chemicals found in broiled and fried foods,
      and these may be involved in cancer of the colon, breast, and prostate. Promoting
      effects derive from a high level of dietary fat, which has been linked
      epidemiologically and through laboratory studies to a higher risk for these
      cancers. Possible mechanisms by which fat exerts its effects are an increased
      concentration of bile acids in the stool, as related to colon cancer, and which
      may be countered by a high cereal fiber diet, to increase stool bulk. In relation
      to breast or prostate cancer, fat may exert its effect on complex hormonal
      balances, and also on membrane composition. These promoting effects, whether
      associated with tobacco smoke or nutrition, are highly dose-dependent, and
      provided the insult is not too far advanced, reversible. Thus, lowering the
      dosage, or eliminating the effect as in smoking cessation should have an
      appreciable effect in reducing overt disease development, and do so fairly
      promptly. This may apply also to a reduction of second disease in cases where a
      first occurrence has been successfully treated by conventional means.

PMID- 6385623
TI  - An evaluation of assay procedures for detection of tumor promotors.

PMID- 6385624
TI  - Tumor promotion--mechanisms and implication to risk estimation.

PMID- 6385625
TI  - Hormonal imprinting in cell culture I. Impact of a single exposure to insulin on
      cellular insulin binding capacity in permanent cell lines.
AB  - Three permanent cell lines showed a durable change in cellular insulin binding
      capacity in response to a single exposure to insulin. Initial increase in binding
      of FITC-labeled insulin to both cytoplasmic and nuclear membrane was followed by
      a lasting decrease in the case of fibroblasts (NCTC) and return to approximately
      the control level in epithelial (Chang liver) and tumour (HeLa) cell cultures.
      While the amplifying effect of a single 4-h exposure was measurable as soon as
      after 24 h, that of a single 24-h exposure came into display only after 72 h in
      the epithelial and tumour cell cultures. The latter two lines showed return of
      the binding capacity to the control value and a drop of it to a minimum 20 days
      after exposure for 4 and 24 h, respectively. These observations support the
      implication that although the degree and manner of insulin binding differs
      between cell lines, the impact of a single exposure to insulin is durably "felt"
      by all.

PMID- 6385626
TI  - Renal excretion of prostaglandin metabolites, arginine vasopressin, and sodium
      during endotoxin and endogenous pyrogen induced fever in the goat.
AB  - Responses to intravenous injections of an endotoxin (E. coli-lipopolysaccharide,
      1 microgram/kg b.wt.) and endogenous pyrogen were studied in euhydrated and
      hyperhydrated goats. The biphasic febrile response to the endotoxin was
      associated with a pronounced increase in the renal excretion of measured
      prostaglandin (PG) metabolites (11-ketotetranor PGF metabolites). This increase
      was time-correlated with the elevation of the rectal temperature, and (in
      hyperhydrated animals) with an inhibition of the water diuresis and an increase
      in renal excretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP). Other effects of the endotoxin
      were an immediate depression of renal Na and K excretion followed by the
      development of pronounced natriuresis, and a reduction of plasma Fe and Zn
      concentrations. The appearance of the febrile reactions (peripheral
      vasoconstriction and shivering) was accompanied by miosis. The maximum elevation
      of the rectal temperature was significantly greater during euhydration than
      during hyperhydration. Also endogenous pyrogen elicited miosis concomitant with
      febrile reactions, and an elevation of the renal excretion of PG metabolites
      which was closely correlated in time with the monophasic febrile response, and
      (during hyperhydration) with temporary inhibition of the water diuresis and an
      increase in the renal AVP excretion. However, the responses were much weaker than
      the corresponding endotoxin effects. No appreciable changes in renal excretion of
      Na and K were observed in response to the endogenous pyrogen. It is concluded
      that the observed effects on renal cation excretion were manifestations of direct
      endotoxin influences on kidney function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6385627
TI  - [Neuropsychological tests in the diagnosis of dementia].
AB  - The author describes the place of the neuropsychological investigation in the
      clinical evaluation of patients suspected of mental deterioration and criticizes
      classic psychometry as inadequate in its quantitative and non specific approach
      to dementia, to examine the operative behavior of demented patients. More
      specifically, the author points out the careful attention which must be paid in
      utilizing the usual intelligence scales, the mental deterioration index and
      organic impairment scoring systems, often unsuitable for the diagnosis. On the
      other hand, the author preferes the use of a mental investigation more
      specifically based on fundamental cognitive functions (language, gnosis, praxis)
      and illustrates this point of view by some mental deterioration batteries
      currently used in some countries. Finally, the neuropsychological assessment
      appears indispensable for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Problems raised with
      early diagnosis, differential diagnosis between reversible and non reversible
      dementia, between dementia and pseudodementia are discussed with the specific
      contribution of neuropsychology. The necessity of further investigations in this
      field is emphasized. A proposition is outlined which would lead to improved
      neuropsychological tests of greater sensibility and accuracy.

PMID- 6385628
TI  - Ultrasonography in complications of renal transplantation.
AB  - The reliability of ultrasonography in detecting complications of renal
      transplantation was investigated by reviewing the ultrasound examination on 78
      renal transplants. The results of the ultrasound examinations were correlated
      with all available clinical, laboratory, radiographic, scintigraphic, and
      histopathologic data. With the exception of one urine leak no extrarenal
      complications of clinical significance, such as hydronephrosis, urine leak,
      lymphocele or hematoma were overlooked at ultrasonography. The exact nature of
      fluid collections was, however, only seldom accurately assessed unless fine
      needle biopsy was used. The accuracy in detecting both acute and chronic
      rejection was high with ultrasonography and a normal ultrasonography of a non
      functioning kidney was a strong indication of acute tubular necrosis.
      Ultrasonography was very sensitive in detecting early acute rejection but was of
      less value in diagnosing repeated acute rejections with short intervals and in
      monitoring the response of treatment as the sonographic changes of rejection
      disappeared slowly.

PMID- 6385629
TI  - Diameter and pulsatile oscillations of the femoral artery recorded by ultrasound.
AB  - A new non-invasive method for in vivo investigations of the inner diameter and
      pulsatile oscillations of large muscular arteries by means of an ultrasound time
      motion technique is presented. Each histologic layer of the arterial wall is
      identified at in vitro examination of the external iliac artery. The method has
      been used for in vivo investigations of 16 long term diabetics and of 16 non
      diabetics. A reduction of the lumen and decrement in pulse deflections were found
      in the diabetics when compared with those of the normal group.

PMID- 6385630
TI  - [Skin manifestations in non-specific inflammatory diseases of the intestines].

PMID- 6385631
TI  - Serum alkaline phosphatase during hormone treatment in early postmenopausal
      women. A model for establishing optimal prophylaxis and treatment in
      postmenopausal osteoporosis.
AB  - We propose a new model for use in establishing optimal treatment of
      postmenopausal osteoporosis. When hydroxyproline is taken as an estimate of bone
      resorption and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of bone formation, the model indicates
      that the difference between hydroxyproline and ALP is reflected in the negative
      calcium balance, and thus the decline in bone mineral content (BMC). Since BMC
      increases during oestrogen treatment in postmenopausal women, in whom ALP
      declines gradually, it is postulated that this only happens because of a rapid
      decline in hydroxyproline. This decline together with BMC, must be dose-related
      since changes in ALP are uncorrelated to the oestrogen dose. This model fits the
      generally accepted opinion that the effect of oestrogen on bone loss in
      postmenopausal osteoporosis is limited, declines with age, and is dose-related.
      The model indicates that oestrogen treatment should be introduced early after the
      menopause in order to obtain the optimum prophylactic effect.

PMID- 6385632
TI  - High and low insulin responders: relations to oral glucose tolerance, insulin
      secretion and physical fitness.
AB  - High and low insulin responders, a total of 133 non-diabetic men, matched for age
      and body weight, were reinvestigated after an average period of 3 1/2 years by
      means of oral glucose tolerance tests, simultaneous insulin and C-peptide
      measurements and submaximal work tests. The number of individuals with impaired
      glucose tolerance did not increase during the observation period, and none became
      diabetic. Intergroup differences in glucose and insulin values were largely the
      same as in the initial screening procedure, although some regression towards the
      mean was observed. The high insulin group, compared with the low insulin group,
      had overall higher glucose, insulin and C-peptide levels, significantly higher
      increment 0-40 min of insulin but not C-peptide, and significantly lower maximal
      oxygen uptake. The present data indicate no difference in insulin secretory
      capacity but a decreased hepatic insulin extraction and a peripheral insulin
      insensitivity among the high insulin responders, related to a lower degree of
      physical fitness.

PMID- 6385633
TI  - Atrial fibrillation--a review of course and prognosis.
AB  - Four recent major studies concerning the prognosis in atrial fibrillation (AF)
      are reviewed. The one-year mortality ranged from 16.0 to 0.2%, highest in
      elderly, hospitalized patients with chronic AF and lowest in young individuals
      with paroxysmal AF without other heart disease. The recognized clinical
      impression that the prognosis in AF is determined by age, type of AF and clinical
      status is thus confirmed. In three studies, however, the prognosis in lone atrial
      fibrillation seemed to be poorer than previously thought. The overall rate of
      thromboembolic complications in AF was about 25% in several studies. The
      effectiveness of coumarin drugs in the prophylaxis of these complications is not
      proved, and the time has come to subject them to more careful clinical
      investigation.

PMID- 6385634
TI  - A long-term follow-up of patients with essential hypertension treated with
      captopril.
AB  - Seventy-four patients from four short-term studies of captopril in mild-moderate
      essential hypertension continued in a cooperative long-term efficacy and
      tolerance program. The duration of observation is 2- greater than 4 years, the
      total treatment time being 2434 months. No development of resistance to therapy
      was observed. The total daily dose of captopril has been gradually decreased and
      in 20 patients changed from t.i.d. to b.i.d. regime. The drug has been well
      tolerated and only few and mild side-effects have been observed after the initial
      titration period. The drop-outs (n = 19) were mostly due to non-medical causes (n
      = 14). Except for one case of proteinuria, no laboratory abnormalities were
      detected and there were no signs of long-term toxicity.

PMID- 6385635
TI  - The effect of acebutolol on plasma lipids, blood glucose and serum insulin
      levels.
AB  - The effect on plasma lipids of acebutolol given orally over a 6-month period to
      18 patients with essential hypertension was studied. There were no significant
      changes in the concentrations of plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL
      cholesterol and triglycerides during treatment. The level of HDL cholesterol
      decreased slightly but not significantly during treatment. Plasma free fatty
      acids decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) during treatment with
      acebutolol. During an oral glucose tolerance test, blood glucose values were
      elevated after acebutolol therapy at 60 (p less than 0.05) and 120 min (p less
      than 0.05). No impairment of insulin release was observed after acebutolol
      therapy.

PMID- 6385636
TI  - Improved metabolic control after supplemented fasting in overweight type II
      diabetic patients.
AB  - Twenty obese type II diabetes patients were treated in a metabolic ward during 4
      weeks with a very low calorie regimen (200 kcal/day). They were given dietary
      advice and reexamined 3 months after discharge. Mean body weight decreased by 10
      kg during fasting, blood glucose was normalized, urinary glucose disappeared and
      the K-value at i.v. glucose tolerance test increased. Fasting serum insulin
      concentrations decreased by 54%. Serum triglycerides (TG) decreased by 65%, serum
      cholesterol (Chol) by 28% and high density lipoprotein (HDL) Chol by 14%. Three
      months later, only serum TG remained significantly decreased (-47%) while HDL
      Chol was significantly higher than on admission (+11%). Fasting blood glucose
      remained significantly lower (-25%) with a low urinary glucose excretion.
      Supplemented fasting appears to be a safe and useful tool in the treatment of
      obese type II diabetics. It causes, at least during a limited follow-up period, a
      significant improvement in glucose control and lipoprotein metabolism in spite of
      a concomitant reduction of the antidiabetic medication.

PMID- 6385637
TI  - Toxicity of plasma from hemodialysis patients treated with heparin or
      prostacyclin.
AB  - Hemodialysis was performed in 6 uremic patients with either a bolus dose of 5 000
      IU heparin or prostacyclin at a constant infusion rate of 5 ng/kg/min. Clinical
      data, plasma triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFA), platelet aggregation,
      white blood cell count and plasma toxicity were measured prior to and during both
      procedures. No serious side-effects were recorded. Heparin induced a fall in
      plasma TG, a rise in FFA and increased plasma toxicity. Prostacyclin infusion had
      no effect on these parameters. During both tests a marked drop in white blood
      cell count was found 15 min after the start of hemodialysis. During heparin
      dialysis no clotting was observed in the extracorporeal circuit. During
      prostacyclin dialysis clotting was observed at the venous line in three cases.

PMID- 6385638
TI  - Specificities in the phospholipid and fatty acid composition of the stable
      protoplast type L-form of Escherichia coli B.

PMID- 6385640
TI  - In memoriam Prof. J. van Limborgh, M.D., Ph.D. (1926-1984).

PMID- 6385639
TI  - [Total protein amino acid composition of bacterial and stable L forms of Proteus
      mirabilis D52].

PMID- 6385641
TI  - Doppler ultrasonic pictures in patients with chronic subdural hematoma.

PMID- 6385642
TI  - [Alternatives to the surgery of lithiasis. Extracorporeal lithotripsy using shock
      waves].

PMID- 6385643
TI  - Overview: pharmacology of ticlopidine.

PMID- 6385645
TI  - Therapeutic effect of ticlopidine for ischemic leg ulcers.

PMID- 6385644
TI  - Evaluation of the antithrombotic efficacy of ticlopidine in man.

PMID- 6385646
TI  - Ticlopidine and coronary surgery.

PMID- 6385647
TI  - Clinical and biological double-blind-study of ticlopidine in preventive treatment
      of sickle-cell disease crises.

PMID- 6385649
TI  - Ticlopidine in the secondary prevention of early diabetes-related
      microangiopathy: protocol of a multicenter therapeutic study (TIMAD study).

PMID- 6385648
TI  - The influence of ticlopidine on the natural course of retinal vein occlusion.
AB  - A double-blind study was established to evaluate the platelet aggregation
      inhibiting effect of ticlopidine on the course of ocular vein occlusions. 35
      patients with recent central retinal vein occlusions and 54 patients with retinal
      branch vein occlusions were treated for 6 months. Various ophthalmological and
      clinical-chemical parameters, including fluorescence angiography, were assessed.
      Compared with placebo therapy a significant improvement in visual acuity was
      observed with ticlopidine for branch vein occlusions; the same trend was seen for
      the central retinal vein occlusions. Increased ADP-induced platelet aggregation
      was frequently found: in 72% of the central retinal vein occlusions and 70% of
      the branch vein occlusions. For the Wu and Hoak test, these numbers were
      respectively 74% and 67%. Hypertension was seen in 55% of all occlusions,
      hyperlipaemia in 33%, and diabetes in 29%. The effect of ticlopidine was most
      pronounced in patients with increased platelet aggregation and least obvious in
      hyperlipaemia. Hypertension and diabetes did not apparently influence
      Ticlopidine's effects. It is concluded that the platelet aggregation inhibitor
      ticlopidine is effective in the treatment of recent ocular vein occlusions.

PMID- 6385650
TI  - Ticlopidine: quo vadis? Subarachnoid hemorrhage.

PMID- 6385651
TI  - The North American ticlopidine aspirin stroke study: structure, stratification
      variables, and patient characteristics.

PMID- 6385652
TI  - The effect of ticlopidine on TIA compared with aspirin: a double-blind, twelve
      month follow-up study.

PMID- 6385653
TI  - Canadian American ticlopidine study (cats) in thromboembolic stroke.
AB  - Approximately 1000 patients who have suffered a well-documented thromboembolic
      stroke within two weeks to four months of study entry will be enrolled in this
      double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled, parallel group trial. Five Canadian
      and five United States study centers will participate. The enrollment period will
      be two and one half years, and follow-up will run for an additional six months to
      a common termination point at three years. Ticlopidine hydrochloride,
      administered as two 125 mg tablets b.i.d. (500 mg/day total dose) will be
      compared with placebo for efficacy in the prevention of recurrent stroke,
      myocardial infarction, cardiovascular death, and overall mortality. Inclusion and
      exclusion criteria will be the minimum necessary to provide safety and scientific
      validity. After a screening visit, qualifying patients will be randomly assigned
      to ticlopidine or placebo. Follow-up laboratory studies for monitoring complete
      blood and platelet counts will be made at weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12, and then
      months 4, 5, 6, 8 and then every 4 months thereafter. Follow-up clinic visits
      will be made at 1 month, 4 months, and then every four months thereafter for
      clinical evaluation and for dispensing test medication. Study outcome events will
      be appropriately documented on case report forms. The statistical analysis will
      evaluate the initial comparability of the two treatment groups, and the principal
      outcomes of the two groups will be compared by using the Mantel-Haenszel life
      table analysis.

PMID- 6385654
TI  - Overview: clinical experiences with ticlopidine.

PMID- 6385655
TI  - Pharmacokinetic and metabolic characteristics of ticlopidine in relation to its
      inhibitory properties on platelet function.

PMID- 6385657
TI  - Familial hypertriglyceridemia and the regulation of lipid synthesis by insulin
      and triiodothyronine in human cell cultures.

PMID- 6385656
TI  - Mechanisms in thrombosis.
AB  - A key factor in atherosclerosis, spasm and thrombosis is damage to the
      endothelium. Prevention of injury to the endothelium will reduce the extent of
      atherosclerosis, reduce the risk of spasm and prevent thrombosis. Future work in
      this field will obviously be centered primarily on the endothelium, mechanisms of
      injury and strategies for prevention of endothelial cell injury. At present, it
      is not known how useful drugs will be for the long term management of
      atherosclerosis and its complications. It may be that the more important approach
      in the future will be to modify risk factors such as smoking and diet since these
      might injure the endothelium.

PMID- 6385659
TI  - [Immunohistochemical study of a glia-selective acidic protein (glial fibrillary
      acidic protein) in the human retina].

PMID- 6385658
TI  - Lipoprotein lipase--the molecule and its interactions.
AB  - The lipoprotein lipase molecule carries several functional sites. Three of these
      sites, for interaction with lipid interfaces, with activator protein, and with
      fatty acids, regulate the action of the enzyme's active site. Another,
      independent, site on the molecule anchors it to cell surface heparan sulfate and
      thus holds it in place at the endothelium. Together these properties allow for a
      fine-tuned regulation of the lipoprotein lipase reaction so that lipids are
      transported from the right particles, into the right tissues at the right rate.

PMID- 6385660
TI  - [Basic study on pars plana vitrectomy. Part 5. Effects of the pars plana
      vitrectomy on the macula of the monkey eyes using experimental vitreous
      hemorrhage].

PMID- 6385661
TI  - [Comparative study of echographic and morphological finding in experimental
      vitreous hemorrhage].

PMID- 6385662
TI  - The role of transcutaneous fine needle aspiration cytology of lymph nodes in the
      management of urological neoplasms. A review.

PMID- 6385663
TI  - [Urinary tract infection : clinical significance of antibody-coated bacteria].
AB  - More attention should be directed to upper urinary tract infections as they cause
      renal parenchymal damage. Recently, many reports on antibody-coated bacteria
      (ACB) in urological diseases have been made. We performed ACB tests in 68 cases
      of urological infectious diseases. The tests were made according to Thomas'
      method. Anti-human immunoglobulin IgG, IgA, and IgM rabbit sera were used. The
      results were compared using the chi-square analysis. ACB-positive were 0
      approximately 15% of the cases of acute cystitis, 33 approximately 67% of the
      cases of chronic cystitis, 30 approximately 60% of the cases of prostatitis and
      urethritis, and 60 approximately 90% of the cases of pyelonephritis. The
      percentage was higher in the patients who had indwelling catheters than in those
      who did not. The ACB test was suggested to be helpful in diagnosing upper urinary
      tract infection in the female patients who did not have indwelling catheters. But
      there was the danger of making an incorrect diagnosis with this test on male
      patients who had indwelling catheters, and those with prostatitis or urethritis,
      and on female patients with indwelling catheters.

PMID- 6385664
TI  - [Infectious urachal cyst: a case report].
AB  - A case of an infectious urachal cyst that presented as a lower abdominal mass in
      a 44-year-old man is reported. There was no urinary tract infection. Cystoscopy
      revealed the dome retracted. All other investigations were normal without
      microscopic hematuria. Laparotomy revealed the mass attached to the small
      intestine because of infection. The mass was excised after partial resection of
      small intestine and partial cystectomy.

PMID- 6385665
TI  - [Clinical studies on recurrence of acute uncomplicated cystitis].
AB  - Recurrence rate and symptoms after chemotherapy against acute uncomplicated
      cystitis (AUC) were studied. Upon completion of a 7-day treatment with two
      regimens, one of CEX alone (Group C) and the other of a combination of CEX with
      Lysozyme (Neuzym) (Group L), at a dose of 1 g CEX daily, efficacy of the drugs
      was assessed according to the criteria established by the UTI Study Group. The
      forty one cases in Group C and 38 cases in Group L showing an excellent response
      were evaluated for recurrence. The rates of recurrence were 12.2% in Group C and
      21.1% in Group L during the first 7 days after treatment. In recurrent cases,
      bacteriuria was seen in 84.6% (11/13), pyuria in 53.8% (7/13) and miction pain in
      30.8% (4/13). Thus, bacteriuria and pyuria should be the items of the criteria
      for AUC recurrence.

PMID- 6385666
TI  - [Comparative double-blind trial of KN-7 tablet and Robaveron injection in the
      treatment of neurogenic bladder].
AB  - The clinical effectiveness, safety and usefulness of KN-7 tablet as a new oral
      application of the prostatic extract, on urinary dysfunction of neurogenic
      bladder were compared with those of Robaveron injection by the double-blind test
      method. In the study, 2 tablets t.i.d. and a shot of intramuscular injection 1 ml
      a day were given successively for 3 weeks. A total of 233 cases were reported
      from 37 facilities belonging to the KN-7 Clinical Research Group. Some of them
      were excluded or dropped out. The number of cases used for analysing the
      effectiveness, safety and usefulness were 214, 232 and 215, respectively. There
      was no bias between the two groups with a significant homogeneity in the
      background. In the overall clinical effectiveness, the effective rate including
      excellent, moderate and slightly effective was 76.9% with KN-7 and 77.4% with
      Robaveron. In the clinical usefulness, the rate of usefulness of slightly useful
      or above was 75.0% with KN-7 and 75.7% with Robaveron. There was no significant
      difference between the two groups in the clinical effective and useful rates at a
      significant level of 5%. Side effects were observed in 1 of the 114 (0.9%)
      patients given KN-7 and 8 of the 118 (6.8%) patients given Robaveron. The
      incidence of adverse reactions with KN-7 was significantly lower than that with
      Robaveron. Based on the results, it was concluded that KN-7 tablets, 2 tablets
      t.i.d., would be as effective and useful as a Robaveron injection 1 ml daily and
      safer than the latter in the treatment of neurogenic bladder.

PMID- 6385667
TI  - Renal oncocytoma: sonographic analysis of 14 cases.
AB  - The sonographic features of 15 histologically confirmed renal oncocytomas in 14
      patients are presented. Lesions were evaluated for homogeneity, echogenicity,
      margination, venous invasion, and nodal enlargement. Nine were less than 5.5 cm
      in diameter, homogeneous, and well circumscribed. Three lesions were greater than
      8 cm in diameter, contained areas of central necrosis or calcification, and were
      nonspecific for renal oncocytoma. One of these lesions (12 cm) contained a
      central scar. Two masses were slightly inhomogeneous and, at best, moderately
      circumscribed. In no case were metastatic nodes or venous invasion present. Since
      about 6% of renal cell carcinomas may have this appearance, the homogeneous, well
      marginated renal mass that is isoechoic with cortex and less than 5.5 cm in
      diameter is as likely to represent renal cell carcinoma as it is an oncocytoma.
      Although only present in one of the cases, the central fibrotic scar in a larger
      mass has been described in oncocytoma and may be the most specific feature.
      Preoperative investigation with fine-needle aspiration biopsy for cytology may be
      indicated in an attempt to avoid radical nephrectomy in selected patients.

PMID- 6385668
TI  - Papillary renal cell carcinoma: CT and sonographic evaluation.
AB  - The CT, sonographic, and pathologic appearances of 13 surgically confirmed cases
      of papillary renal cell carcinoma were reviewed. CT-pathologic correlation was
      available in all 13 cases. Sonography was performed in eight patients (10
      distinct renal masses). CT features closely correlated with the previously
      established clinicopathologic and angiographic appearances. Papillary renal cell
      carcinoma demonstrated low stage at presentation in most cases (10 of 13 had
      stage I or II), had a high frequency of calcification (seven), and had less
      enhancement (diminished vascularity) than typical hypernephroma on CT scans. No
      consistent sonographic pattern existed; one of 10 masses was hyperechoic, five
      were hypoechoic, and four were isoechoic compared with normal kidney cortex. On
      the basis of these observations, a prospective CT diagnosis of papillary renal
      cell carcinoma can be confidently made in many circumstances. This is
      particularly important when renal-sparing surgery is a clinical consideration.

PMID- 6385669
TI  - Natural history of neonatal periventricular/intraventricular hemorrhage and its
      complications: sonographic observations.
AB  - Cranial sonography is an established procedure for the detection of neonatal
      intracranial hemorrhage. A 3 year experience in imaging such infants is reviewed.
      Representative examples are presented to comprehensively illustrate the spectrum
      of sonographic appearances of intracranial hemorrhage and its complications from
      the initial hemorrhage to resolution. Diagnostic problems in the initial staging
      of the grade of hemorrhage and in evaluating subsequent ventricular changes are
      addressed.

PMID- 6385670
TI  - Sonographic detection of portal venous gas in infants with necrotizing
      enterocolitis.
AB  - A characteristic pattern of hepatic parenchymal and portal venous abnormalities
      was seen with sonography in 12 infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). In
      five cases these changes were seen before any radiographic abnormalities were
      observed. Sonography of 232 infants without NEC did not show these changes. The
      sonographic abnormalities are believed to be caused by small amounts of gas
      within the portal venous system and hepatic parenchyma. Because of the simplicity
      of the sonographic examination and the sensitivity and specificity of the
      findings, abdominal sonography may be of great value in the early evaluation of
      infants suspected of having NEC.

PMID- 6385671
TI  - Intraarterial digital subtraction angiography in hypertensive azotemic patients.
AB  - Ten intraarterial digital subtraction angiography studies in nine azotemic
      patients were reviewed to assess the technical adequacy and the effect of
      contrast load on renal function. All studies were of diagnostic quality. In only
      two of 10 studies was there a mild transient deterioration in the degree of renal
      insufficiency. Intraarterial digital subtraction angiography is a reliable method
      that can be used to evaluate the renal arteries, even in the presence of
      azotemia.

PMID- 6385672
TI  - Sonographically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of adrenal masses.
AB  - Percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy of solid adrenal masses was performed
      under real-time sonographic guidance in 18 patients. Cellular material was
      aspirated in all cases. Cytologic examinations were correct in 11 metastatic
      deposits, three primary adrenal adenocarcinomas, and one pheochromocytoma. One
      subsequently proven primary adenocarcinoma was not diagnosed. In two cases of
      adenoma, normal adrenal cells were aspirated. Percutaneous aspiration of adrenal
      masses is recommended when the precise nature of the lesions is clinically
      required. The simplicity and speed of fine-needle aspiration biopsy under
      sonographic control and its high diagnostic accuracy and safety suggest its use
      as a routine procedure in the management of patients with adrenal masses well
      depicted by sonography.

PMID- 6385673
TI  - Comparison of convex and linear transducers for sonographic assessment of the
      liver, spleen, and pancreas.

PMID- 6385674
TI  - Diagnosis of duodenal obstruction with midgut volvulus.

PMID- 6385675
TI  - Sensitivity of sonography and cholescintigraphy in acalculous cholecystitis.

PMID- 6385676
TI  - Improved visualization of choledocholithiasis by sonography.
AB  - During a 20 month period, real-time sonography performed on 26 patients achieved
      an overall sensitivity of 75% for detecting choledocholithiasis. Although
      previous publications have stressed very low sensitivities for diagnosing
      choledocholithiasis (13%-55%), it was postulated that the reasons for these
      disappointing results are primarily related to technique. Most laboratories
      evaluate the distal common bile duct (where most calculi are located) by
      obtaining parasagittal scans. Detection of choledocholithiasis can be
      substantially improved by scanning the intrapancreatic part of the bile duct in a
      transverse fashion with the patient in an erect position. Advantages of the
      transverse view include the ability to demonstrate the distal common bile duct in
      a high percentage of patients and to differentiate shadowing caused by duodenal
      gas from ductal calculi. The proximal duct is best imaged by obtaining
      parasagittal scans with the patient in a supine left posterior oblique position.
      Using these scanning techniques, eight (89%) of nine proximal and 16 (70%) of 23
      distal calculi were visualized.

PMID- 6385677
TI  - CT and sonography in the recognition of mucocele of the appendix.
AB  - Mucocele of the appendix is uncommon, and preoperative diagnosis is rare.
      Diagnosis is important because some of these lesions are malignant, and early
      identification may reduce the incidence of pseudomyxoma peritonei. In two of
      three cases reviewed the correct preoperative diagnosis was established with
      sonography and computed tomography. These findings suggest that, in a patient who
      has not undergone appendectomy, the presence of a low-attenuating mass at
      computed tomography and a through-transmitting mass with echogenic content at
      sonography in the correct location is typical of mucocele.

PMID- 6385679
TI  - The American Institute of Pharmacy: 50th anniversary.

PMID- 6385678
TI  - Clinical efficacy of hydralazine in chronic heart failure: one-year double-blind
      placebo-controlled study.
AB  - In a placebo-controlled trial 62 patients with chronic congestive heart failure
      (CHF) (New York Heart Association class III) had hydralazine (149 +/- 11 mg
      daily) or placebo added to conventional therapy. During 12 months' follow-up 27
      patients dropped out, 15 of 32 in the hydralazine group and 12 of 30 among the
      control subjects. The 1-year mortality rate was 28% in the hydralazine group
      compared to 27% in the control group. Symptomatic improvement was noted in both
      groups; however, it was gradually more pronounced in the actively treated group
      with a statistically significant difference between the two groups at month 12 (p
      less than 0.05). The hydralazine patients increased their exercise capacity 25%,
      from 53 +/- 3 watts at month 0 to 67 +/- 4 watts at month 12 (p less than 0.01).
      No improvement in exercise capacity took place in the placebo group. A
      significant improvement in chest x-ray examination was found with hydralazine (p
      less than 0.01) in contrast to a significant deterioration among the control
      subjects (p less than 0.05). Thus, we conclude that hydralazine used in chronic
      CHF has beneficial clinical effects during long-term treatment.

PMID- 6385680
TI  - Prognosis of patients with diabetes mellitus after acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Sixty patients with diabetes mellitus who survived the coronary care unit phase
      of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were followed an average of 19 months and
      the prognosis of diabetic patients was compared with that of 719 nondiabetic
      patients. The mortality rate was 25% in diabetic patients and 8% in nondiabetic
      patients. These patients had been entered in a Multicenter Postinfarction
      Program, where analysis of the total data base showed 4 significant prognostic
      factors: cardiac symptoms before AMI, pulmonary rales when the patient was in the
      coronary care unit, more than 10 ventricular premature complexes per hour
      recorded on Holter monitor just before discharge, and a radionuclide ejection
      fraction of less than 40%. Of these 4 factors, only cardiac symptoms before AMI
      was significantly more common in diabetic patients (57% in diabetic vs 36% in
      nondiabetic patients). When each of these 4 factors was stratified for severity,
      the mortality rate was always higher in diabetic patients. The data were examined
      to determine other factors in diabetic patients who died. Pulmonary rales was
      significantly more common in diabetic patients who died (6% in survivors vs 42%
      in patients who died). In a multivariate analysis of both diabetic and
      nondiabetic patients, 5 factors were significant determinants of prognosis. They
      are, in order of entry into the model, rales (p less than 0.001), ejection
      fraction less than 40% (p less than 0.001), diabetes (p less than 0.001),
      symptoms before AMI (p = 0.009), and more than 10 ventricular premature complexes
      per hour (p = 0.03).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6385681
TI  - Long-term efficacy of diltiazem assessed with multistage graded exercise tests in
      patients with chronic stable angina pectoris.
AB  - The long-term efficacy of diltiazem, 360 mg/day, in patients with grade II or III
      stable exertional angina pectoris (Canadian Cardiovascular Society criteria) was
      assessed by multistage graded exercise tests. Seventeen patients undertook a
      placebo-controlled, double-blind, dose-titration protocol and all received long
      term therapy. Exercise tests were performed at the end of 2 weeks of placebo
      treatment and after 6, 18, 26, 40 and 52 weeks of diltiazem, 360 mg/day. All
      patients had angina during treadmill testing with placebo and the mean (+/-
      standard error of the mean) exercise time was 5.8 +/- 0.7 minutes. This increased
      to 10.8 +/- 1.0 minutes after 6 weeks, 11.3 +/- 1.1 minutes after 18 weeks, 11.4
      +/- 1.1 minutes after 26 weeks, 12.9 +/- 1.2 minutes after 40 weeks and 11.6 +/-
      1.3 minutes after 52 weeks of continuous diltiazem therapy (p less than 0.001 vs
      placebo at all stages). Four patients were withdrawn after 26 weeks of treatment;
      one patient underwent coronary artery bypass surgery and 3 patients required the
      addition of beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agents. In 1 patient an irritant rash
      developed on the torso, legs and arms after 39 weeks of diltiazem and disappeared
      after discontinuing the drug. One patient complained of swelling and stiffness of
      the fingers and 3 patients complained of shoulder and elbow pain. Another patient
      had a myocardial infarction after 8 weeks of diltiazem treatment and died. No
      other adverse effects were observed during this study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6385683
TI  - Usefulness of computer-assisted instruction for medical education.

PMID- 6385682
TI  - Right ventricular imaging with digital subtraction angiocardiography using
      intraventricular contrast injection.
AB  - Angiocardiography is of considerable value in the dimensional analysis of the
      right ventricular (RV) cavity, but conventional angiocardiography requires large
      amounts of contrast medium. In this study digital subtraction angiocardiography
      was applied to biplane RV projections of 25 children with congenital heart
      disease after direct injection of a small dose of contrast medium. Volume
      measurements were compared with those obtained by conventional angiocardiography.
      The amount of contrast medium required was reduced to 30%, flow rate to 57% and
      ventricular ectopic activity to 60% of that used in conventional
      angiocardiography, and the degree of radiation exposure was reduced considerably.
      There was a good correlation for end-diastolic (r = 0.996) and end-systolic
      volume (r = 0.990) determined with both techniques. Digital subtraction
      angiography after selective RV injection allows accurate volume measurements of
      the right ventricle in children with congenital heart disease. The main benefits
      of this method are reduction of the amount of contrast medium, flow rate during
      injection, radiation and ventricular ectopic activity.

PMID- 6385684
TI  - Hypnosis in the therapy of anorexia nervosa.

PMID- 6385685
TI  - Hypnosis and family therapy.

PMID- 6385686
TI  - Hypnotic hypermnesia: a critical review.

PMID- 6385687
TI  - Myths about Erickson and Ericksonian hypnosis.

PMID- 6385688
TI  - Nutritional assessment by isotope dilution analysis of body composition.
AB  - The three components of body mass, body cell mass (BCM), extracellular fluid
      (ECF), and fat + extracellular solids (ECS: bone, tendon, etc) can be quantified
      using established isotope dilution techniques. With these techniques, total body
      water (TBW) and ECF are measured using 3H2O and 82Bromine, respectively, as
      tracers. BCM is calculated from intracellular fluid (ICF) where ICF = TBW - ECF.
      Fat + ECS is estimated as: body weight - (BCM + ECF). TBW and ECF can be
      determined by either of two calculation methods, one requiring several timed
      plasma samples (extrapolation method) and one requiring a single plasma sample
      and a 4-h urine collection (urine-corrected method). The comparability of the two
      calculation methods was evaluated in 20 studies in 12 bone marrow transplant
      recipients. We found that for determination of TBW and ECF there was a very
      strong linear relationship (r2 greater than 0.98) between the calculation
      methods. Further comparisons (by t test, 2-sided) indicated that for the
      determination of ECF, the methods were not significantly (p greater than 0.90)
      different; however, TBW determined by the urine-corrected method was slightly
      (0.1 to 6%), but significantly (p less than 0.01) greater than that determined by
      the extrapolation method. Therefore, relative to the extrapolation method, the
      urine-corrected method "over-estimates" BCM and "under-estimates" fat + ECS since
      determination of these compartment sizes depends on measurement of TBW. We
      currently use serial isotope dilution studies to monitor the body composition
      changes of patients receiving therapeutic nutritional support.

PMID- 6385689
TI  - Diet, nutrition intake, and metabolism in populations at high and low risk for
      colon cancer. Introduction: correlates of diet, nutrient intake, and metabolism
      in relation to colon cancer.

PMID- 6385690
TI  - Portal venous thrombosis: correlative analysis of sonography, CT and angiography.
AB  - In 17 patients with portal venous thrombosis; nine due to venous invasion by
      liver tumors, and eight due to benign causes, sonograms and CT scans were
      reviewed, and the results were correlated with angiography. Sonography detected
      portal venous thrombosis in 94% and CT in 76%. Sonography was better than CT in
      the demonstration of the extent of thrombosis. By the detection of solid masses
      in the liver, and contiguous thrombosis of the segmental portal veins, both
      sonography and CT were accurate in the differentiation of venous invasion by
      tumor from benign thrombosis. Angiography was 91% accurate and was unique in the
      demonstration of arterioportal shunting and detailed vascular anatomy of the
      portal venous system.

PMID- 6385691
TI  - Use of calcium antagonists as monotherapy in the management of hypertension.
AB  - A wide variety of drug treatments are available for the management of
      hypertension. Often, effective therapy is found only through a process of
      elimination. A more pathophysiologically oriented method of choosing therapy is
      based on classification of patients into those with low-, normal-, and high-renin
      hypertension. In the past, for example, diuretics were considered to be the most
      effective agents for the treatment of low-renin hypertension. Most cases of
      essential hypertension are characterized by increased vascular resistance.
      Calcium channel influx is a major determinant of the free intracellular calcium
      concentration that finally triggers the contractile process of the vascular
      smooth muscle cell and thereby determines arterial resistance. In man, free
      calcium concentration in platelets is closely related to the height of systolic
      and diastolic blood pressure. Vasodilatation produced by the intra-arterial
      infusion of a calcium channel blocker into the forearm circulation is
      significantly greater in hypertensive patients than in normotensive subjects,
      threefold that observed with sodium nitroprusside, and fourfold that found with
      prazosin. In hypertensive patients, these effects are correlated directly with
      plasma epinephrine--reflecting sympathoadrenal activity--and inversely with the
      activity and reactivity of the renin-angiotensin system. In several clinical
      studies, the decrease in blood pressure following the administration of calcium
      channel entry blockers was directly correlated to the patient's age and
      pretreatment blood pressure, and indirectly to the pretreatment plasma renin
      activity. The effects of these agents are apparently also comparable to the over
      all responses achievable with beta blockers and diuretics. In the future, calcium
      entry blockers may replace diuretics as first-line therapy for older patients and
      those with low-renin hypertension.

PMID- 6385693
TI  - Association of aminoglycoside plasma levels with therapeutic outcome in gram
      negative pneumonia.
AB  - To determine the association of aminoglycoside plasma levels with therapeutic
      outcome in gram-negative pneumonia, the case reports of 37 patients from four
      prospective, randomized, controlled trials of gentamicin, tobramycin, and
      amikacin were analyzed. Twenty (54 percent) of these patients had a favorable
      outcome. Patients with maximal one-hour postinfusion (peak) levels of 7
      micrograms/ml or greater for gentamicin and tobramycin or 28 micrograms/ml or
      greater for amikacin more often had successful outcomes (14 of 20, 70 percent)
      than those with levels less than this (six of 19, 32 percent) (p less than
      0.006). Patients with overall mean peak levels of 6 micrograms/ml or greater for
      gentamicin and tobramycin or 24 micrograms/ml or greater for amikacin more often
      had successful outcomes than those with levels less than this (six of 17, 35
      percent) (p less than 0.04). The initial patient temperature, serum urea
      nitrogen/creatinine ratio, initial polymorphonuclear leukocyte count, and age
      were also associated with outcome; but by multivariate analysis, achieving an
      adequate peak concentration was the most important discriminating factor. These
      results suggest the potential importance of achieving adequate aminoglycoside
      levels in patients with gram-negative pneumonia.

PMID- 6385692
TI  - Invasive Fusarium infections in bone marrow transplant recipients.
AB  - From November 1982 to September 1983, three cases of invasive infection due to
      Fusarium species were documented in bone marrow transplant recipients. Fusarium
      was cultured from discrete skin nodules (one patient), maxillary sinus (one
      patient), or from the blood and surgically excised nasal septum (one patient).
      All three isolates were resistant to 5-fluorocytosine, whereas only one isolate
      was resistant to amphotericin B. Although all three patients died, two of the
      patients had clearing of their Fusarium infection. From this experience and from
      a review of the literature, it is concluded that despite the dismal prognosis for
      immunocompromised patients with Fusarium, beneficial therapies would include
      systemic amphotericin B, local surgical resection, and possibly leukocyte
      transfusions.

PMID- 6385694
TI  - Plasma fibronectin as a marker for cancer and other diseases.
AB  - The blood concentration of the high-molecular-weight glycoprotein fibronectin
      showed great promise as a marker for cancer and certain other disease states.
      However, it now appears that plasma fibronectin levels are influenced by many
      factors (e.g., age, sex, nutritional state, trauma, shock, inflammation, certain
      drugs), sometimes giving conflicting responses. Furthermore, unrecognized
      pitfalls exist in fibronectin determinations with respect to blood sampling
      methods, plasma preparation, plasma storage, and re-use and assay methods. It is
      concluded that the plasma fibronectin level, as frequently reported, has little
      value as a marker for cancer and other disease states.

PMID- 6385695
TI  - Abdominal pain associated with IgA nephropathy. Possible mechanism.
AB  - A 36-year-old man presented with IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease) and acute
      abdominal pain. Surgical biopsy of the ileum revealed deposits of IgA, C3, and
      fibrin in segments of the wall of submucosal arteries. The immune deposits
      appeared associated with areas of fibrinoid necrosis. These findings support the
      hypothesis that Berger's disease is a systemic disease, and provide a possible
      explanation for the abdominal pain associated with IgA nephropathy.

PMID- 6385696
TI  - Pyomyositis. Increasing recognition in temperate climates.
AB  - Pyomyositis is common in the tropics yet is rarely reported in temperate
      climates. A woman in whom pyomyositis developed in a temperate climate is
      presented. Computed tomography was the key in the diagnosis of the disease
      involving the muscles of the left lateral chest wall. The patient's condition
      responded to intravenous antibiotics and open abscess drainage. The 31 cases
      reported in the United States are reviewed. Unfamiliarity still poses a barrier
      to early diagnosis, although pyomyositis is being more frequently described in
      temperate climates.

PMID- 6385697
TI  - Advantages of diuretics.
AB  - Our recent Veterans Administration Cooperative Study--involving 683 hypertensive
      male patients--showed that a diuretic was more effective than a beta blocker in
      controlling hypertension in most respects. In addition, in this study we failed
      to find evidence that thiazide-induced hypokalemia was associated with increased
      evidence of cardiac arrhythmias in patients without overt heart disease. We are
      concerned that the current desire to avoid hypokalemia at all costs may result in
      the prescription of ineffective dosages of diuretics for the treatment of
      hypertension.

PMID- 6385698
TI  - Treatment of hypertension with calcium channel blockers: European data.
AB  - In hypertensive emergencies, sublingual nifedipine (10 to 30 mg) is the treatment
      of choice. Nifedipine, however, may lead to reflex activation of the sympathetic
      nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system as well as fluid
      retention when used as a monotherapy for a longer period of time. In chronic
      arterial hypertension, verapamil, and especially diltiazem seem to be superior to
      nifedipine. Verapamil (360 to 480 mg a day) and diltiazem (180 to 270 mg a day)
      produce a consistent antihypertensive effect throughout a 24-hour period. During
      dynamic or isometric exercise, their antihypertensive potency is equivalent to
      that of beta blockers. Overall response rate in patients with mild to moderate
      hypertension is 80 percent with monotherapy. In refractory hypertension,
      combination with thiazide, reserpine, or clonidine may be useful. Calcium
      blockers are preferred in older patients with chronic arterial hypertension, and
      in patients with low renin hypertension, coronary heart disease, peripheral
      vascular disease, or obstructive airways disease.

PMID- 6385699
TI  - Vascular wall renin-angiotensin pathway in control of the circulation. A
      hypothesis.
AB  - Multiple lines of evidence support the existence of a vascular renin-angiotensin
      system independent of the circulating system. Vascular renin appears to originate
      from both uptake of plasma renin and in situ synthesis. Renin may bind to
      vascular endothelium. In addition, the endothelium is capable of activating
      inactive renin. Cell-surface-bound renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme
      constitute a biochemical cascade on the endothelial surface, resulting in a high
      local concentration of angiotensin. The role of the intracellular system is
      unclear. Intracellular angiotensin may regulate the angiotensin receptor and
      modulate the vascular response to exogenous angiotensins. Recent data also
      suggest that neutrophils and platelets provide mobile pathways by which cell
      bound or released enzymes can activate and amplify the renin-angiotensin
      biochemical cascade. The mobile angiotensin pathways may be important in the
      inflammatory vascular response, edema formation, and vasospasm of vascular
      injury. Taken together, the vascular wall renin-angiotensin system may play an
      important role in cardiovascular homeostasis. We postulate that abnormalities in
      the control of this system may result in local vasospasm or systemic
      hypertension.

PMID- 6385700
TI  - The SSCI takes a journal.

PMID- 6385701
TI  - Thrombocytopenia in a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial of bovine and
      porcine heparin.
AB  - A prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial of bovine and porcine
      heparin was conducted. One hundred forty-one patients were randomized, of whom 89
      received heparin treatment for six or more days (mean, ten days). Two developed
      severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count less than 20,000 per microliter); both
      were randomized to the bovine heparin group, but one inadvertently received two
      doses of porcine heparin. Laboratory investigation suggested that the
      thrombocytopenia in these two patients was immunologically mediated, and platelet
      reactivity to both bovine and porcine heparin was demonstrated. Twenty patients
      had a decline in platelet count of greater than 50,000 from baseline, although
      the total count remained above 150,000 per microliter. In seven of these
      subjects, the platelet count returned to its original level while heparin therapy
      was continued. Of the 13 patients with a persistent decrease in platelet count,
      ten had received bovine heparin and their counts decreased by an average of
      88,000 per microliter; the reduction in the three porcine-treated patients was
      68,000; this difference was not statistically significant. In the remaining
      patients, the post-treatment platelet counts in both groups were significantly
      higher than pretreatment values (p less than .005), perhaps indicating a
      cessation of the platelet consumption that accompanied the original thrombotic
      event.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6385702
TI  - Evidence for altered vascular reactivity in sodium-sensitive young subjects with
      borderline hypertension.
AB  - To assess mechanisms associated with the pressor effects of a high sodium diet in
      susceptible individuals, the hemodynamic and hormonal effects of sodium depletion
      and repletion were studied in 33 normal subjects and 30 subjects with borderline
      hypertension. The hypertensive group had significantly higher mean arterial
      pressure, weight, hematocrit, and upright plasma renin activity. Forearm
      hemodynamics were measured during periods of ad lib diet, 10 mEq, and 200 mEq
      sodium diet. The fall in forearm resistance during reactive hyperemia was
      inversely related to mean arterial pressure at rest (R = .400, p less than .005)
      and rose significantly in hypertensive subjects during salt depletion, 39 +/- 3.6
      to 61 +/- 6.1 mmHg/ml/min/100 g (p less than .05). Sodium sensitivity in either
      normotensive or borderline hypertensive subjects was defined as an increase in
      mean blood pressure of more than 5% when sodium repleted. The individuals who
      were sodium sensitive had a higher forearm vascular resistance during sodium
      depletion than those who were sodium resistant, 67 +/- 10.5 versus 45 +/- 4.1
      mm/ml/min/100 g (p less than .03). We conclude that young individuals with
      borderline hypertension already have alterations in vascular reactivity. This
      trait is shared by normotensive individuals whose blood pressure rises in
      response to sodium.

PMID- 6385703
TI  - Presentation of Henry McIntosh, M.D. 1984 Founder's Medal of the Southern Society
      for Clinical Investigation.

PMID- 6385704
TI  - Traveler's diarrhea.
AB  - Three hundred million people, mostly tourists, participate in international
      travel each year. Development of an acute diarrheal syndrome abroad, while
      returning home, or shortly after arriving home is referred to as traveler's
      diarrhea (TD). TD is not a specific diagnosis but, rather, a clinical syndrome
      with multiple etiologies. In this article, clinical and epidemiological features
      of TD, specific etiologies and their pathogenesis, as well as current means of
      diagnosis, treatment, and prevention will be reviewed.

PMID- 6385705
TI  - The commemoration of the Meckel bicentennial: Bozeman 1982.

PMID- 6385706
TI  - Johann Friedrich Meckel the Younger (1781-1833).
AB  - On the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the birthday of Johann Friedrich
      Meckel the Younger (1781-1833) it is appropriate to examine his contributions to
      the field of clinical genetics. Special emphasis is given to his laws of
      "diversity" and "reduction." These deal respectively with the evolutionary and
      developmental differences between organisms and the reasons for similarities in
      development of parts of an organism and the parts of different organisms. Meckel
      is an important pioneer of modern clinical teratology because he did not restrict
      his studies to normal development, but rather concentrated on its aberrations in
      his reflections on the history of development.

PMID- 6385707
TI  - Introduction of Sewall Wright on the occasion of receiving the first Meckel medal
      and prize in mammalian developmental genetics.

PMID- 6385708
TI  - Response to the first Meckel oration by Sewall Wright.

PMID- 6385709
TI  - Developmental studies of mouse hereditary anemias.

PMID- 6385710
TI  - Manifestations of pseudoxanthoma elasticum during pregnancy: a case report and
      review of the literature.
AB  - A 30-year-old white woman with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) was followed
      throughout her pregnancy with several fetal ultrasonographic examinations and
      other diagnostic studies; these showed normal development up to the 26th wk and
      then a marked deceleration of fetal growth. The ultrasonographic appearance of
      the placenta was abnormal at all times probably related to the microscopic
      changes. The baby, born at 36 wk, showed severe intrauterine growth retardation
      as a probable consequence of the abnormal placenta detected by ultrasound and
      corroborated at birth. The cotyledons were small and more numerous than normal.
      One third of the placenta was hypoplastic or atrophic, with focal calcification
      in septa, stroma, villi, and decidua, and increased deposition of fibrin around
      villi. The most striking change was the increased number of septa and the
      abnormal elastic tissue.

PMID- 6385711
TI  - Nurses and war. Black nurses at the front.

PMID- 6385712
TI  - Nurses and war. The way it was.

PMID- 6385713
TI  - Ultrasound evaluation of amniotic fluid volume. I. The relationship of marginal
      and decreased amniotic fluid volumes to perinatal outcome.
AB  - Qualitative amniotic fluid volume determination is a routine part of fetal
      biophysical profile score testing. The relationship between oligohydramnios and
      poor perinatal outcome has been previously documented. We have undertaken a
      retrospective chart review relating qualitative amniotic fluid volume as
      determined at the time of last biophysical profile score assessment to perinatal
      outcome in 7582 referred high-risk obstetric patients. Gross and corrected
      perinatal mortality in association with normal qualitative amniotic fluid volume
      ranged from 4.65/1000 and 1.97/1000, respectively, to 187.5/1000 and 109.4/1000
      in association with decreased qualitative amniotic fluid volume, respectively.
      The incidences of major congenital anomaly and intrauterine growth retardation
      were significantly related to qualitative amniotic fluid volume.

PMID- 6385714
TI  - Ultrasound evaluation of amniotic fluid volume. II. The relationship of increased
      amniotic fluid volume to perinatal outcome.
AB  - Qualitative amniotic fluid volume determination is a routine part of fetal
      biophysical profile score testing. The relationship between polyhydramnios and
      poor perinatal outcome has been previously documented. We have undertaken a
      retrospective chart review which relates qualitative amniotic fluid volume as
      determined at the time of last biophysical profile score assessment to perinatal
      outcome in 7562 referred high-risk obstetric patients. Gross and corrected
      perinatal mortality in association with normal qualitative amniotic fluid volume
      ranged from 4.65/1000 and 1.97/1000, respectively, to 32.9/1000 and 4.12/1000 in
      association with increased qualitative amniotic fluid volume, respectively. The
      incidences of major congenital anomaly and fetal macrosomia were significantly
      related to qualitative amniotic fluid volume.

PMID- 6385715
TI  - The diagnosis of congenital renal anomalies with ultrasound. II. Infantile
      polycystic kidney disease.
AB  - Infantile polycystic kidney disease in an autosomal recessive disorder which in
      its severe form is characterized by bilateral renal enlargement and renal
      failure. The present study was undertaken to assess the diagnostic accuracy of
      antenatal sonography in a population at risk. Nineteen patients with fetuses at
      risk for infantile polycystic kidney disease were referred for ultrasound
      examination to the Perinatal Unit at Yale-New Haven Hospital. Ten infants had
      infantile polycystic kidney disease (53%). A positive antenatal sonographic
      diagnosis was made by the presence of oligohydramnios, an absent urinary bladder,
      bilateral renal enlargement as measured by the kidney circumference-to-abdominal
      circumference ratio, and the typical hyperechogenic appearance of the kidneys in
      the disease. A correct antenatal diagnosis was made in nine of the 10 affected
      infants. There were no false positive diagnoses. A false negative diagnosis
      occurred in an infant with a less severe form of the disease. Ultrasound is a
      valuable tool in the antenatal diagnosis of infantile polycystic kidney disease.

PMID- 6385716
TI  - What affects fetal pulmonary maturation during diabetic pregnancy?
AB  - Previous studies differ as to whether the fetus of the woman with diabetes
      mellitus has altered formation of lung surfactant. The factors responsible for
      these differences remain unclear. In this study, measures of blood glucose
      control, including birth weight percentile and the presence of factors
      potentially influencing fetal pulmonary maturation, such as diabetic class,
      maternal chronic hypertension, and preeclampsia, were compared with the amniotic
      fluid lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio, phosphatidylglycerol, and
      phosphatidylinositol within a group of 90 diabetic pregnancies. The factors were
      evaluated in combination with the techniques of canonical correlation and
      multiple regression analysis. Gestational age had the strongest effect in
      determining levels of amniotic fluid phospholipids, and hypertension was found to
      significantly accelerate the appearance of phosphatidylgycerol (p less than
      0.05). The effect of hypertension was one third as important as that of
      gestational age. Neither diabetic blood glucose control, White classification,
      nor the remaining explanatory variables were found to play a significant role in
      determining the amniotic fluid phospholipid levels. This study suggests that, in
      the clinical management of diabetes, gestational duration remains the single most
      important determinant of amniotic fluid phospholipid levels.

PMID- 6385718
TI  - Successful outcome of a twin gestation in both horns of a bicornuate uterus.

PMID- 6385717
TI  - Maternal furosemide may not provoke urine production in the compromised fetus.

PMID- 6385719
TI  - Correction of fetal supraventricular tachycardia by compression of the umbilical
      cord: report of a case.

PMID- 6385720
TI  - Immunoreactive gonadotropin-releasing hormone level in maternal circulation
      throughout pregnancy.
AB  - Immunoreactive gonadotropin-releasing hormone was quantitated in maternal blood.
      Circulating levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone were found to be
      significantly higher during pregnancy than in nonpregnant cycling women. The
      highest concentrations of gonadotropin-releasing hormone immunoreactivity were
      observed in the first half of pregnancy with values at 20 to 42 weeks being
      significantly lower. A correlation with placental human chorionic gonadotropin
      releasing hormone concentrations and maternal circulating gonadotropin-releasing
      hormone levels was noted. Four pregnancies that resulted in premature labor
      and/or delivery had very low circulating maternal gonadotropin-releasing hormone
      concentrations, possibly reflecting placental dysfunction in these cases.

PMID- 6385721
TI  - An epidemic of "childbed fever".
AB  - Postpartum infection remains a cause of considerable maternal morbidity and
      occasional maternal mortality. Puerperal sepsis mediated by what is now known as
      group A beta-hemolytic streptococci or Streptococcus pyogenes was once a common
      and lethal nosocomial scourge. Fortunately, multiple developments have decreased
      the incidence and ameliorated the clinical course of group A beta-hemolytic
      streptococcal postpartum sepsis. Despite these developments, epidemic group A
      streptococcal sepsis still jeopardizes modern mothers. We describe an epidemic of
      five women with group A beta-hemolytic streptococci-mediated postpartum
      infections which occurred at Mather Air Force Base Hospital, Sacramento,
      California. The remarkable, yet characteristic signs, symptoms, and clinical
      course of these patients are briefly reviewed along with the epidemiologic
      methods which led to the discovery of the common nosocomial source.
      Familiarization of the clinical aspects of these patients and the methods used to
      eradicate this epidemic will facilitate the protection and care of other women.
      Unfortunately, modern mothers still remain in jeopardy from "childbed fever."

PMID- 6385722
TI  - Obstetric aspects of the use in pregnancy-associated hypertension of the beta
      adrenoceptor antagonist atenolol.
AB  - The obstetric implications of the use of the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist
      atenolol have been evaluated in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, and
      placebo-controlled study involving 120 women with pregnancy-associated
      hypertension. The clinical interpretation of antenatal and intrapartum
      cardiotocographs was uninfluenced by atenolol. Human placental lactogen
      concentration fell in the atenolol group, but this was not an indicator of
      subsequent fetal distress. Other obstetric indices, such as urinary estriol
      excretion, were the same in both groups. Spontaneous premature labor occurred in
      five women receiving placebo but in none who received atenolol. Together with
      previously reported findings on pregnancy outcome, our study leads us to conclude
      that beta-blockers such as atenolol can appropriately be used in the management
      of hypertension during pregnancy.

PMID- 6385723
TI  - Chronic hyperinsulinemia in the fetal rhesus monkey: effects of physiologic
      hyperinsulinemia on fetal substrates, hormones, and hepatic enzymes.
AB  - Chronic fetal hyperinsulinemia, similar to that found in human infants of
      diabetic mothers, was produced in fetal rhesus monkeys during the latter third of
      gestation. Fetal plasma glucose and amino acid concentrations were found to be
      inversely logarithmically correlated with plasma insulin concentration. Fetal
      plasma glucagon concentrations were suppressed by hyperinsulinemia. Fetal plasma
      erythropoietin concentrations were increased by hyperinsulinemia in a
      dose/response manner. The activity of the hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes glucose-6
      phosphatase and total phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase were reduced by
      hyperinsulinemia. Fatty acid synthase complex activity was, in contrast,
      increased by hyperinsulinemia while citrate cleavage enzyme and glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase were only increased when supraphysiologic
      hyperinsulinemia was produced. This model provides an opportunity to study the
      metabolic effects of hyperinsulinemia separate from those of hyperglycemia on the
      primate fetus, making it a useful model for the study of fetal pathologic
      conditions in diabetic pregnancies.

PMID- 6385724
TI  - Morphometric nuclear analysis of lymphoid cells in center cell lymphomas and in
      reactive germinal centers.
AB  - A comparison between neoplastic and nonneoplastic lymphoid cell nuclei within
      germinal centers of nodular lymphomas and of reactive follicular hyperplasias has
      been carried out with the help of a semiautomated image analyzer by measuring
      nuclear area, by assessing the presence or absence of invaginations, and by
      defining the form of the invagination. Nuclear areas are larger in lymphomas,
      where the invagination, if present, decreases in depth and increases in angle as
      the value of nuclear area becomes greater. Nuclei with such a large area and
      shallow invaginations are not present within the nonneoplastic germinal centers.
      Moreover, no correspondence has been found between neoplastic and nonneoplastic
      nuclei with regard to the form of the invagination, that is, its symmetry and
      angle. Therefore, it is possible to argue that the neoplastic nuclei in nodular
      lymphomas are different from the nuclei found in the sequential pathway of
      reactive germinal centers.

PMID- 6385725
TI  - Effects of nutrition of disease and life span. II. Vascular disease, serum
      cholesterol, serum thromboxane, and heart-produced prostacyclin in MRL mice.
AB  - Mice of the autoimmune strain MRL/1, the congenic strain MRL/n, and two control
      strains, Balb/c and C57BL/6 mice, were fed diets which varied in the content of
      lipid and cholesterol. Serum cholesterol levels were highest in mice fed diets
      containing cholesterol and lowest in mice fed laboratory "chow." Animals fed
      diets that increased serum cholesterol had decreased production of prostacyclin
      by vascular tissue and increased production of thromboxane A2 by platelets.
      Prostacyclin production by heart tissue in response to arachidonic acid showed a
      negative correlation (r = -0.86) with serum cholesterol. In contrast, serum
      thromboxane demonstrated a positive correlation (r = 0.70) with serum
      cholesterol. The prevalence of autoimmune vasculitis seen in MRL/lpr mice was not
      affected by diet. However, MRL/lpr mice fed a high-fat, cholesterol-containing
      diet had intimal vascular lesions containing foam cells typical of
      arteriosclerosis. It is suggested that diets that raise serum cholesterol may
      influence the nature of autoimmune-mediated vascular disease by altering the
      balance between thromboxane and prostacyclin.

PMID- 6385726
TI  - Effects of the protease inhibitor leupeptin on proteolytic activities and
      regeneration of mouse skeletal muscles after exercise injuries.
AB  - Leupeptin, a nontoxic thiol protease inhibitor, has been proposed to have
      therapeutic use in hereditary muscular dystrophies. The purpose of this study was
      to characterize the in vivo changes in proteolytic activity of skeletal muscles
      induced by the repeated administration of leupeptin. Further, whether the
      modulation of proteolytic capacity by leupeptin affects the repair process of
      muscle injuries caused by heavy exercise was studied. Leupeptin was administered
      in mice intraperitoneally at a dose level of 15.5 mg/kg twice a day for 9 days.
      Leupeptin, known to be an inhibitor of cathepsin B both in vitro and after a
      single injection in vivo, paradoxically induced an increase of cathepsin B
      activity in mouse skeletal muscles after repeated administration. In addition,
      leupeptin administration for 9 days increased the activities of cathepsins C and
      D, as well as the rate of acid autolysis. The activity of beta-glucuronidase also
      increased, while those of arylsulfatase, ribonuclease, and alkaline protease were
      unaffected. No histopathologic changes were observed. At the low dosage used,
      leupeptin had no effect on the repair process of skeletal muscle after exercise
      injuries, although several proteolytic processes occur during the regeneration.
      It is suggested that the increase of acid protease activities in skeletal muscles
      is an adaptive response to the administration of the proteolytic inhibitor
      leupeptin and that leupeptin can be administered without prevention or delay of
      regenerative processes after the onset of myopathic changes.

PMID- 6385727
TI  - The pathogenesis of experimentally induced amebic liver abscess in the gerbil
      (Meriones unguiculatus).
AB  - Sequential development and pathology of experimentally induced amebic liver
      abscess in the gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) were studied from 1 to 60 days
      after inoculation. Early lesions were characterized by an acute inflammatory
      response, which became granulomatous at 5 days. Early granulomas were discrete,
      with well-defined fibrohistiocytic walls. Trophozoite dissemination as a result
      of fibrolysis of granuloma wall was confined to the liver parenchyma. The
      granulomatous cellular infiltrate (less than 20 days) was characterized by
      granulocytes and histiocytes; older granulomas (greater than 30 days) were
      composed of lymphocytic infiltrate, plasma cells, and a few granulocytes, and
      were characterized by the absence of epithelioid histiocytes. The degree of
      pathologic change adjacent to liver granulomas followed the sequential
      development of the amebic liver abscess. Severe changes observed were portal
      canal lymphocytic infiltration, the presence of foreign body giant cells,
      periportal fibrosis, proliferation of bile duct epithelium, and hepatocyte
      anisonucleosis and ballooning degeneration. The pathogenesis of the infection and
      the usefulness of the gerbil model for the study of human amebiasis are
      discussed.

PMID- 6385728
TI  - Cellular bases of experimental amebic liver abscess formation.
AB  - The complete sequence of morphologic events during amebic liver abscess formation
      in the hamster has been studied, from the lodgement of amebas in the hepatic
      sinusoids to the development of extensive liver necrosis. Following intraportal
      inoculation of live amebas, the early stages of the lesion (from 1 to 12 hours)
      were characterized by acute cellular infiltration composed of an increasingly
      large number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which surrounded centrally located
      trophozoites. Histiocytes and lysed leukocytes were situated on the periphery of
      the lesions. Hepatocytes close to the early lesions showed degenerative changes
      which led to necrosis; however, direct contact of liver cells with amebas was
      very rarely observed. At later stages, the extent of necrosis increased,
      macrophages and epithelioid cells replaced most leukocytes, and well-organized
      granulomas developed. Extensive necrosis associated with fused granulomas was
      present by Day 7. The results suggest that Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites do
      not produce amebic liver abscesses in hamsters through direct lysis of
      hepatocytes. Rather, tissue destruction is the result of the accumulation and
      subsequent lysis of leukocytes and macrophages surrounding the amebas.

PMID- 6385729
TI  - Prevention of diabetes mellitus in the BB/W rat with Cyclosporin-A.
AB  - Autoimmune diabetes mellitus occurs spontaneously in 40-60% of a colony of
      BioBreeding/Worcester rats. Pretreatment of susceptible animals for 10-day
      intervals prior to 70 days of age with Cyclosporin-A (CSA) significantly reduced
      the frequency and delayed the onset of diabetes. The relatively narrow time frame
      of successful treatment suggests that effector cells responsible for beta cell
      destruction in this model of Type I diabetes may be activated during this period
      of time prior to the onset of overt hyperglycemia. CSA administration did not
      protect against the occurrence of lymphocytic thyroiditis or autoantibodies
      directed against smooth muscle or thyroid colloid, suggesting that these BB
      immunologic phenomena may be controlled by a distinct series of immunologic
      events.

PMID- 6385730
TI  - Sensory feedback therapy and theoretical knowledge of motor control and learning.
AB  - Generally the application of artificial sensory feedback therapy (e.g. EMG
      biofeedback) in neuromuscular rehabilitation is conceived as a
      psychophysiological operant conditioning technique. Until now there are almost no
      attempts to link these methods to modern psychological theories of motor control.
      In the present article a critical review is given of four theoretical systems
      concerning motor control: closed-loop theory, open-loop theory, schema-theory,
      and finally a brief overview is presented of recently developed notions on
      heterarchical and distributed control. Artificial sensory feedback therapy (e.g.
      EMG feedback) is described against this theoretical background, with an emphasis
      on the role of feedback in motor learning and motor control. The implications of
      these theories for new directions in sensory feedback therapy are discussed.

PMID- 6385731
TI  - Haloperidol in the treatment of infantile autism: effects on learning and
      behavioral symptoms.
AB  - In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study the administration of haloperidol
      resulted in significant decreases in behavioral symptoms and in general clinical
      improvement in 40 autistic children ages 2.33 to 6.92 years. Haloperidol also
      produced greater facilitation and retention of discrimination learning in the
      laboratory. No adverse effects were observed at therapeutic doses, which ranged
      from 0.5 to 3.0 mg/day or 0.019 to 0.217 mg/kg per day.

PMID- 6385732
TI  - Was the "nervous illness" of Schreber a case of affective disorder?
AB  - The available historical information concerning Freud's subject Daniel Paul
      Schreber's life, family, and the phenomenology of his illness is reviewed. The
      author challenges the traditional diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia in favor of
      a diagnosis of affective disorder.

PMID- 6385733
TI  - The prediction of suicide: why is it so difficult?
AB  - Methods for selecting those persons in a clinical population who will later
      commit suicide inevitably include large numbers of false positives--persons with
      similar characteristics who will not take their lives. This is true because of
      the absence of unique predictors and the statistical properties of infrequent
      events. At a clinical level, the focus is on risk detection rather than on
      specific behavior prediction. Since suicide is intimately related to certain
      psychiatric illnesses, effective treatment of those illnesses can prevent
      suicides. This must already be taking place. Prevention, however, generates no
      data. If suicide is difficult to predict, its prevention is even more difficult
      to detect.

PMID- 6385734
TI  - Adolescent suicide: an overview.
AB  - Etiological theories of suicide are reviewed from epidemiological, individual
      (both biological and psychological), and psychosocial perspectives. Cohort and
      population-model approaches as explanations for the two- to three-fold increase
      in completed suicide rates observed in adolescents and young adults over the past
      25 years are presented. The results of the authors' study of suicides in
      adolescents and young adults in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, to test these hypotheses
      are summarized. This study revealed marked cohort differences in suicide rates
      and provided partial support for the "population-model" approach. Differences
      between suicide rates in adolescents and other age groups are discussed, as are
      data from some minority groups. The role of depression in adolescents and various
      studies of diagnostic approaches (e.g., structured diagnostic assessments,
      biological markers, clues during intensive psychotherapy or psychoanalysis,
      studies of high-risk diagnostic groups) are reviewed. Lastly, treatment employing
      individual, family, and group approaches to classical psychoanalytic or cognitive
      psychotherapy as well as the role of pharmacological treatments are considered.

PMID- 6385735
TI  - Modalities of treatment for suicidal children: an overview of the literature on
      current practice.
AB  - Childhood suicidal behavior is a complex symptom that requires a carefully
      planned treatment program that includes multiple modalities of care. These
      modalities combine individual, family, environmental, and psychopharmacological
      interventions. The therapist's personal conscious and unconscious characteristics
      may have a great influence on treatment outcome. A supportive patient-therapist
      relationship is one of the most important elements in diminishing the child's
      suicidal proclivities. Treatment requires a long-term approach that constantly
      reassesses potential for serious suicidal risk. Psychiatric hospitalization may
      be required to protect the child from self-inflicted harm and to allow evaluation
      and appropriate intervention. Psychotherapy used in conjunction with medication,
      when indicated, may permit the best therapeutic outcome. Finally, planning
      systematic studies of psychiatric treatment efficacy for suicidal children
      remains one of the most challenging aspects of improving prevention measures
      against suicidal tendencies in youngsters.

PMID- 6385736
TI  - An integrated approach to the treatment of panic disorder.
AB  - In this article I have reviewed the recent literature on the etiology,
      phenomenology, and treatment of panic disorder. The panic episodes, which form
      the core of this disorder, are probably of biologic etiology. However, over time,
      the psyche of the patient becomes markedly affected and a wide array of secondary
      reactions including phobia, depression, and dysfunctional personality traits
      develop, often becoming chronic. A strategy of treatment that recognizes both the
      complexity and distinctness of this syndrome has yet to appear in the literature.
      This article attempts to fill this need by presenting a multidimensional and
      integrated approach to treatment of panic disorder.

PMID- 6385737
TI  - Evaluation of the 4-pyridinemethanol WR 180,409 (enpiroline) in the treatment of
      induced Plasmodium falciparum infections in healthy, non-immune subjects.
AB  - WR 180,409 (enpiroline) was administered to 22 non-immune subjects infected with
      the multi-drug resistant Vietnam Smith isolate of Plasmodium falciparum. It was
      curative in single day treatment regimens with a minimum curative dose of
      approximately 10 mg/kg body weight. At this dose level it was well tolerated and
      produced rapid clearance of parasitemia in every case.

PMID- 6385738
TI  - In vitro antimalarial activity of tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase inhibitors.
AB  - Three tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (dihydrofolate reductase = EC 1.5.1.3)
      inhibitors were tested for antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum,
      using an in vitro radioisotopic technique. Activity of each drug was tested in
      both normal RPMI medium 1640 and in modified medium (containing no p-aminobenzoic
      acid and 2.27 X 10(-8) M folic acid) after a 24- or 48-hour exposure. Activity
      was increased 20- to 85-fold using the modified medium and the longer exposure
      time. Under all conditions, pyrimethamine and cycloguanil were of equal or
      greater potency than an experimental pyrimethamine analogue, M&B 35769, against
      pyrimethamine-sensitive strains, but M&B 35769 was more active than either
      pyrimethamine or cycloguanil against pyrimethamine-resistant strains.

PMID- 6385739
TI  - Susceptibility of different populations of Colombian Aotus monkeys to the FCB-1
      strain of Plasmodium falciparum.
AB  - p6udies of susceptibility to the FCB-1 strain of Plasmodium falciparum from
      Colombia were conducted in three different groups of Aotus monkeys. The results
      indicated that Aotus trivirgatus griseimembra from the north of the Magdalena
      Valley were the most susceptible host. A. t. griseimembra from the central
      Magdalena Valley appeared to be less susceptible to infection, while Aotus
      monkeys from the eastern Andes were even more resistant to infection. Serum
      electrophoretic studies were not useful as indicators of resistance or
      susceptibility to infection. However, the presence of 58 chromosomes in monkeys
      from the east Andes, a karyotype not previously reported, may be an indicator for
      the resistance of these animals to the FCB-1 strain. Based on these results, it
      is possible to assume that Aotus monkeys from the eastern Andes region of
      Colombia may represent a new species of Aotus; further studies are needed to
      clarify its taxonomic status.

PMID- 6385740
TI  - Identification of Plasmodium falciparum-infected mosquitoes by a double antibody
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
AB  - A double antibody micro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for identifying
      Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites in mosquitoes is described. Using monoclonal
      antibodies made against South American P. falciparum sporozoites, the ELISA was
      able to detect and identify sporozoite antigens of South American and Asian
      origins in extracts of dried infected mosquitoes.

PMID- 6385741
TI  - Lectins discriminate between pathogenic and nonpathogenic South American
      trypanosomes.
AB  - Cell surface carbohydrates of Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma rangeli, and
      Trypanosoma conorhini were analyzed by a micro-agglutination assay employing 27
      highly purified lectins and by binding assays using various 125I-labeled lectins.
      The following seven lectins discriminated between the trypanosomes: 1) tomato
      lectin (an N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-binding protein), both in purified form and as
      crude tomato juice; 2) Bauhinea purpurea and Sophora japonica lectins (both N
      acetyl-D-galactosamine-binding proteins), which selectively agglutinated T.
      cruzi; 3) Vicia villosa (an N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-binding protein) which was
      specific for T. rangeli; 4) peanut lectin (a D-galactose-binding protein) both in
      purified form and as crude saline extract; and 5) Ulex europaeus and Lotus
      tetragonolobus (both L-fucose-binding proteins) lectins which reacted only with
      T. conorhini. Binding studies with 125I-labeled lectins were performed to find
      whether unagglutinated cells of the three different species of trypanosomes might
      have receptors for these lectins, in which case absence of agglutination could be
      due to a peculiar arrangement of the receptors. These assays essentially
      confirmed the agglutination experiments.

PMID- 6385742
TI  - Tropical pyomyositis: delineation by gray scale ultrasound.
AB  - This report describes a case of tropical pyomyositis in a 25-year-old man in
      which gray scale ultrasound played a critical role in the diagnosis and
      management. A review of relevant literature is provided, and a recommended
      approach to the diagnosis of this disease is given.

PMID- 6385743
TI  - Arthropod studies with rabies-related Mokola virus.
AB  - A cell culture-adapted variant of the rabies-related Mokola virus was
      demonstrated to replicate in inoculated Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Replication was
      slow compared to many arboviruses in their vectors. Maximum titers were not
      obtained until after approximately 6 weeks of extrinsic incubation. Mokola virus
      underwent nine mosquito-mosquito passages at approximately monthly intervals and
      was thus maintained in insects for 340 days before terminating the study. Virus
      antigen was detected by immunofluorescence in a variety of mosquito tissues and
      organs, including salivary glands, but primarily in nervous tissue. Irrefutable
      virus transmission by bite could not be demonstrated because of equivocal
      results. Transovarial passage of virus was observed in the mosquito. Viremia in
      baby mice was demonstrable. Ornithodoros moubata nymphal ticks were exposed to
      viremic mice but failed to become infected.

PMID- 6385744
TI  - The fraternity of strangers.

PMID- 6385746
TI  - [Ultrasonic cerebral tomosphygmography. Application in 143 healthy subjects].

PMID- 6385745
TI  - Nutritional rehabilitation in patients with advanced head and neck cancer
      receiving radiation therapy.
AB  - Previous studies of nutritional support in cancer patients have applied
      parenteral techniques for relatively short periods. The purpose of this
      prospective, randomized trial was to evaluate the efficacy of long-term enteral
      alimentation in patients at high risk for malnutrition during oncologic
      treatment. Forty patients with inoperable squamous carcinoma of the nasopharynx
      and oropharynx were randomized to either optimal oral nutrition or to intensive
      nasogastric tube feedings during radiation therapy for an average of 8 weeks.
      Dietetic counselling and oral supplements were provided to both groups. Body
      weight, dietary intake, and toxicity to therapy were assessed weekly; and serum
      protein concentrations and anthropometric measurements were made at the time of
      entry, during the fourth week, at the conclusion of radiation therapy, and 1
      month after radiation therapy. Tumor status was assessed at the conclusion of
      radiation therapy and during routine follow-up, which ranged from 9 to 39 months.
      The 35 evaluable patients (18 tube fed and 17 orally fed) were comparable with
      regard to age, disease site, and total radiation dosage, but the tube group had
      more stage IV patients and a greater median radiation field size. The tube fed
      group showed no difference in the partial tumor response rate compared with the
      complete tumor response rate (16 of 18 patients versus 14 of 17 patients), a
      slightly longer duration of response in those who had recurrence compared with
      those without recurrence (4.5 months versus 3.4 months) and a similar overall
      survival pattern to that of the orally fed group. Compared with the orally fed
      group, the tube fed group had a higher mean caloric intake (39 kcal/kg per day
      versus 30 kcal/kg per day, p less than 0.001), mean protein intake (1.4 versus
      1.1 g/kg per day, p less than 0.01), and in the oropharynx cancer patients, less
      mean body weight loss (0.6 percent versus 6.1 percent, p less than 0.04) during
      treatment. The tube fed patients maintained mean mid-arm circumference and
      recovered mean serum albumin levels after radiation therapy in contrast with the
      orally fed group. Intensive outpatient tube-feeding nutritional support during
      radiation therapy in patients with advanced inoperable squamous cancer of the
      oropharynx significantly improved mean weight maintenance, mean caloric and
      protein intake, and mean serum albumin levels compared with patients who received
      optimal oral nutrition. Tumor response to radiation therapy, however, was
      unchanged.

PMID- 6385747
TI  - [Contribution of carotid Doppler to the monitoring of spasm after postaneurysmal
      subarachnoid hemorrhage].

PMID- 6385748
TI  - [Effects of the type of respiration (spontaneous, assisted, with positive
      expiratory pressure) on the frequency of gas embolism in sitting position
      surgery].

PMID- 6385749
TI  - [Measurement of intracranial pressure in neurosurgical patients under positive
      expiratory pressure ventilation].

PMID- 6385750
TI  - [Pathogenesis of pain in chronic salpingo-oophoritis].

PMID- 6385751
TI  - [Current trends in the clinical use of non-steroidal antiestrogens].

PMID- 6385752
TI  - [Immune leukocyte test and its significance in obstetrics].

PMID- 6385753
TI  - [Values of plasma renin activity and aldosterone in normotensive pregnant women].

PMID- 6385754
TI  - [Cytological classifications of vaginal smears. Current concepts of complex
      cytodiagnosis].

PMID- 6385755
TI  - Ultrasonography and brain pathology of periventricular hemorrhage and
      subependymal cyst in the preterm neonate.
AB  - Ultrasound (US) findings in 32 premature infants with intraventricular
      hemorrhages (IVH, 21 cases), subependymal hemorrhages (SEH, 5 cases) or
      subependymal cysts (SEC, 6 cases) were reviewed to determine the accuracy of US
      diagnosis and clarify the pathogenesis of SEC. With single US there was the
      possibility of false-positive or -negative SEH or IVH, but serial US showed
      diagnostic accuracy for SEH or IVH. Four of 6 cases with iron-negative SEC did
      not show an image of prior SEH and the SEC suggested focal ischemic
      microcirculation which may be important in the pathogenesis of the occurrence of
      SEH or the development from SEH to IVH.

PMID- 6385756
TI  - Neuropsychological differences between male familial and nonfamilial alcoholics
      and nonalcoholics.
AB  - The hypothesis was tested that neuropsychological differences exist between males
      who have an alcoholic parent, sister, or brother (FH+) versus those who do not
      (FH-). Neuropsychological tests measuring verbal, learning/memory,
      abstracting/problem solving, and perceptual-motor performance were given to four
      groups of middle-aged subjects: alcoholic FH+ (n = 41); alcoholic FH- (n = 27);
      nonalcoholic FH+ (n = 19); and nonalcoholic FH- (n = 43). FH+ subjects performed
      significantly poorer than FH- subjects on the abstracting/problem solving and
      perceptual-motor tasks, and approached significance on the verbal and
      learning/memory measures. Alcoholics performed more poorly than nonalcoholics on
      abstracting/problem solving and learning/memory tasks. There were no groups by
      family history significant interactions. From these results we suggest: a
      performance deficit in abstracting/problem solving and possibly learning/memory
      may antedate the alcoholic stage in FH+ individuals; alcoholism and positive
      family history of alcoholism have independent, additive deleterious effects on
      cognitive-perceptual functioning; and future neuropsychological studies of
      alcoholism should consider the frequency of FH+ and FH- individuals in both
      alcoholic and control groups.

PMID- 6385757
TI  - Relationship of endocrine status on the stimulatory effect of ethanol on hepatic
      very low density lipoprotein synthesis.
AB  - The normal stimulatory effect of an acute oral dose of ethanol on hepatic very
      low density lipoprotein synthetic rate is abolished in thyroidectomized rats but
      not in adrenalectomized rats. This lack of stimulation by ethanol can be
      explained in part by the decreased rate of hepatic fatty acid esterification to
      neutral lipids in thyroidectomized animals.

PMID- 6385758
TI  - Alcoholic fathering and its relation to child's intellectual development: a pilot
      investigation.
AB  - In this study, the relationship between being raised by an alcoholic father and
      intellectual and academic achievement of the child were investigated. One hundred
      children of non-alcoholic mothers, 50 of whom had alcoholic fathers and 50 of
      whom had non-alcoholic fathers, were administered age-appropriate IQ,
      developmental, and achievement tests. Analysis of covariance revealed significant
      relationships between alcoholic fathering and IQ and achievement scores,
      independent of a number of possibly confounding variables. When children with
      alcoholic biological fathers were excluded, a relationship between IQ and
      alcoholic fathering persisted. Thus children raised by alcoholic fathers are a
      population at risk, in need of further scientific and clinical attention.

PMID- 6385759
TI  - Effects of ethanol: II. Behavioral sensitivity and acute behavioral tolerance.
AB  - Two doses of ethyl alcohol were administered to 48 young male subjects (24
      brother-pairs), and placebo doses were administered to five brother-pairs
      (controls). Dose 1 amount was calculated to result in a peak blood alcohol
      content (BAC) of 100 mg/100 ml; dose 2 was given when BAC had fallen to one-half
      the peak BAC resulting from dose 1, in an attempt to raise BAC back to 100 mg/100
      ml. Prior to alcohol dosage, baseline measurements were made on a number of
      behavioral tests. Behavioral performances during metabolism of doses 1 and 2 were
      compared to baseline performance. Sensitivity to ethanol was indicated by
      performance decrements on nearly all tests after ethanol dosing. Acute behavioral
      tolerance to ethanol (ABTE) was indicated for some tests by improved performance
      after dose 2 compared to performance at a time after dose 1 when BACs were about
      equivalent. A preliminary search for possible genetic components of sensitivity
      and ABTE was undertaken by comparing the scores of the brothers.

PMID- 6385760
TI  - Genetic and biochemical factors relevant to alcoholism.
AB  - Important biochemical clues from animal and human studies as well as
      epidemiologic studies of twins and adoptees suggest that genetic factors may
      predispose to alcohol addiction. This paper critically examines the epidemiology
      and biochemistry literature to assess the strength of the evidence supporting a
      genetic element in alcohol addiction. Then, a biochemical hypothesis is presented
      that involves the identification of specific metabolic pathways, pathway
      controls, and metabolites that may be unique to alcoholics, and which has been
      tested by experiment.

PMID- 6385761
TI  - Diagnostic value of serum procollagen peptide measurements in alcoholic liver
      disease.
AB  - Procollagen type I carboxyterminal and type III aminoterminal peptide
      concentrations were measured in sera of 60 patients with alcoholic and 14 with
      nonalcoholic liver disease to study whether these assays are useful as clinical
      tests to differentiate various stages of alcoholic liver injury. Both propeptides
      were markedly elevated in alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis: procollagen type III
      peptide in 90% and type I peptide in 60-80% of these patients. Moderately
      increased values were found less frequently in patients with fatty liver. These
      tests did not differentiate patients with simple fatty liver from those with
      fatty liver and early fibrosis. There was a significant difference in serum
      procollagen type III peptide between fatty liver and both alcoholic hepatitis and
      cirrhosis (p less than 0.001), and in type I peptide between fatty liver and
      alcoholic hepatitis (p less than 0.005). Although serum peptide values correlated
      with the degree of liver fibrosis, appreciable overlap of values was found
      between the various groups. The peptide concentrations also seemed to be related
      to the degree of hepatic inflammation, and the highest values were observed in a
      subgroup of patients with alcoholic hepatitis in whom numerous Mallory bodies
      were found. The data suggest that in alcoholic liver diseases, serum collagen
      propeptide determination may be useful in diagnosing severe alcoholic hepatitis.

PMID- 6385762
TI  - Alcohol ingestion does not cause sleep-disordered breathing in premenopausal
      women.
AB  - Ingestion of 2 ml/kg of 100 proof vodka before bedtime did not cause sleep
      disordered breathing or nocturnal oxygen desaturation in 20 premenopausal women.
      These findings are opposite to the results of earlier studies of men, in which
      ingestion of the same amount of alcohol significantly increased these findings.
      Protection of young women from sleep-disordered breathing or oxygen desaturation
      may be related to the respiratory stimulant effects of circulating progesterone.

PMID- 6385763
TI  - Primary affective disorder, drug abuse, and neuropsychological impairment in
      sober alcoholics.

PMID- 6385764
TI  - Interaction of acute ethanol administration with acetaminophen metabolism and
      toxicity in rats fed alcohol chronically.
AB  - In rats fed alcohol chronically, acetaminophen induced severe hepatotoxicity as
      judged by serum enzyme activities, liver histology, and mortality, whereas in
      both rats fed alcohol chronically and in their pair-fed controls, acute ethanol
      administration decreased acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Since acetaminophen
      hepatotoxicity is increased in rats fed alcohol chronically and acute ethanol has
      been shown to inhibit the biotransformation of acetaminophen to reactive
      metabolite(s) by mixed function oxidation, we postulate that acute ethanol
      administration decreases acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats fed alcohol
      chronically by inhibiting the enhanced production of toxic metabolites.

PMID- 6385765
TI  - Ethanol and lipids.
AB  - The interaction of ethanol with lipid metabolism is complex. When ethanol is
      present, it becomes a preferred fuel for the liver and displaces fat as a source
      of energy. This favors fat accumulation. In addition, the altered redox state
      secondary to the oxidation of ethanol promotes lipogenesis, for instance, through
      enhanced formation of acylglycerols. The depressed oxidative capacity of the
      mitochondria injured by chronic alcohol feeding also contributes to the
      development of the fatty liver. Accumulation of fat acts as a stimulus for the
      secretion of lipoproteins and the development of hyperlipemia. Hyperlipemia may
      also be facilitated by the proliferation of the endoplasmic reticulum after
      chronic ethanol consumption and the associated increase of enzymes involved in
      the production of triglycerides and lipoproteins. The propensity to enhance
      lipoprotein secretion is offset, at least in part, by a decrease in microtubules
      and an impairment of the secretory capacity of the liver. The level of blood
      lipids depends on the balance between these two opposite changes: At the early
      stage of alcohol abuse, when liver damage is still small, hyperlipemia will
      prevail, whereas the opposite occurs with severe liver injury. When hyperlipemia
      occurs, it involves all lipoprotein classes, including high density lipoprotein
      (HDL). The latter have been suggested to be responsible for the lower incidence
      of coronary complications of moderate drinkers compared to teetotalers, but in
      fact, the subtype of HDL involved (HDL3) differs from the HDL2 subtype associated
      with protection.

PMID- 6385766
TI  - [Analgesia and adverse effects of nalbuphine (Nubain) in comparison with morphine
      following hysterectomy].
AB  - In a randomized double-blind-study nalbuphine 20 mg i.m. was compared with
      morphine 10 mg i.m. in 49 patients over the first 48 postoperative hours after
      hysterectomy. Nalbuphine proved to be a good analgetic, not statistically
      different from morphine but having statistically significantly fewer side
      effects.

PMID- 6385767
TI  - [Noninvasive monitoring with echocardiography. I. Ventricular function following
      thiopental and positive pressure breathing].
AB  - Using continuous M-mode echocardiography for measuring diameters of the left
      ventricle and calculating variables of left ventricular contractility during
      induction of anaesthesia the hemodynamic effects of thiopentone and of positive
      end-expiratory pressure breathing (PEEP) have been noninvasively assessed in 22
      patients undergoing minor surgery (series A, n = 4 + 6, thiopentone) or
      cholecystectomy (series B, n = 12, PEEP). 4 mg X kg-1 i.v. (group I, n = 4) and 2
      X 4 mg X kg-1, the second dose injected i.v. 5 min later (group II, n = 6), led
      in group I to a short lasting and in group II to a prolonged (duration of each
      experiment 10 min) significant decrease of the ejection fraction (EF), the
      shortening fraction (FS) and the mean velocity of circumferential fiber
      shortening (VCF mean). Thus the well known negative inotropic effect of
      thiopentone has been proven once more this time by noninvasive echocardiography.
      The influence of PEEP 5 and 10 cm H2O was evaluated in two ways: 1) by finding
      the incidence and extent of diminishing the "echocardiographic window" due to
      overexpansion of the lung during PEEP, rendering the sonographic visualization of
      the cardiac structures less valid, and 2) by assessing potential haemodynamic
      effects of PEEP. The curves of 3 in 12 cases (25%) have not been able to be
      evaluated properly because of "window closing"; in the residual 9 patients during
      PEEP 10 a significant decrease of the above mentioned parameters of contractility
      in comparison to PEEP 0 has been observed. IPPB without PEEP apparently does not
      disturb echocardiographic visualization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6385768
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of mono- and oligosaccharides.

PMID- 6385769
TI  - Optimal extraction conditions for high-performance liquid chromatographic
      determination of nucleotides in yeast.
AB  - Different extraction methods of nucleotides from the yeast Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae were compared. A new extraction solution--formic acid saturated with 1
      butanol--was found to be more effective than the commonly used solutions of
      trichloroacetic acid, perchloric acid, or formic acid alone. Using this solution
      the optimal extraction conditions were established. Nucleotide recovery was
      evaluated by adding standard nucleotides to the extraction medium and carrying
      them together with the cells through the whole extraction procedure. Nucleotides
      were separated and quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography on an
      anion-exchange column.

PMID- 6385770
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of iodine-labeled insulin and glucagon
      derivatives with on-line gamma-detection.
AB  - Insulin and glucagon were labeled with iodine. The reaction products were
      analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. It is shown that the pH of
      the reaction medium has a large effect on the position and the degree of iodine
      substitution as well as on the oxidation of the Met-containing glucagon and,
      furthermore, that the molar ratio of iodine to polypeptide hormone used during
      the labeling procedure affects not only the amount of iodine incorporated but
      also the distribution of iodinated products. The results show that certain
      iodinated derivatives are separated from each other and from the respective
      unlabeled polypeptide and thus can be obtained in a pure state.

PMID- 6385771
TI  - Renin cleavage of a human kidney renin substrate analogous to human
      angiotensinogen, H-Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe-His-Leu-Val-Ile-His-Ser-OH,
      that is human renin specific and is resistant to cathepsin D.
AB  - A synthetic tetradecapeptide, H-Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe-His-Leu-Val-Ile
      His-Ser-OH, which corresponds to the 13 amino terminal residues of human
      angiotensinogen plus a carboxy terminal serine to replace a suggested site of
      carbohydrate attachment, has been shown to be a good substrate for human kidney
      renin. At pH 7.2 and 37 degrees C the KM or Michaelis constant was 8.4 +/- 2.9
      microM, and the VM or velocity at infinite tetradecapeptide concentration was
      11.3 +/- 2.4 mumol angiotensin I made per hour per milligram renin. The
      tetradecapeptide was highly resistant to cleavage by mouse submaxillary renin.
      The tetradecapeptide was also slowly cleaved by human liver cathepsin D, by
      rabbit lung angiotensin-converting enzyme, and by reconstituted human serum, but
      did not yield angiotensin I. Thus, this synthetic renin substrate should permit
      more specific measurement of human kidney renin activity.

PMID- 6385772
TI  - Evolution of analytical methods for the determination of calcium and magnesium in
      wines. A review.

PMID- 6385773
TI  - [In memoriam Prof. Karel Zlabek].

PMID- 6385774
TI  - [Blood vessels of the human caudal pancreatic segment].
AB  - The segmental pancreatic allograft transplantation is effective in the treatment
      of diabetes mellitus and a technically simple operation, but it may bring about
      many complications. Important for a normally transplantation function is its
      adequate blood supply. The arterial and venous system in 60 human caudal
      pancreatic segments are examined with angiographic. 4 different arterial types of
      supply and the differences in the arterial and venous system are described. All
      pancreatic segments would have been appropriated for transplantation.

PMID- 6385775
TI  - American Association of Anatomists. List of members 1984.

PMID- 6385776
TI  - Effect of dexamethasone on the fetal mouse small intestine in organ culture.
AB  - The formation of intestinal villi (organogenesis phase) may be studied in organ
      culture with a completely synthetic medium in 15-day fetal mouse duodenal
      explants. However, in these explants absorptive cells remained poorly
      differentiated with all the hormones studied except with epidermal growth factor.
      In order to elucidate the role of hormones and other factors on the maturation of
      absorptive cells (maturation phase) in the fetal rodent in organ culture, we have
      taken the explants after the organogenesis phase. We have studied different
      culture conditions and have found that 17-day mouse duodenal explants can be
      cultured during 48 hours with Leibovitz L-15 medium in a 95% O2-5% CO2 atmosphere
      provided that the explants are relatively large (5 X 2 mm). With this method,
      dexamethasone (Dx) has been shown to have a direct effect on the maturation of
      the fetal duodenal mucosa. The addition of Dx (300 ng/ml) to the completely
      synthetic medium 1) improves the morphology of the explants, 2) induces a
      significant increase in maltase activity in the tissues, and 3) reduces
      significantly the labeling index of the duodenal explants after 48 hours of
      culture. Direct action of Dx on the duodenal mucosa is shown for the first time
      in organ culture using a completely synthetic medium. This method will permit us
      to study the effects of other intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the regulation
      of enzymatic maturation in fetal small intestine.

PMID- 6385777
TI  - Ventilation and perfusion of each lung during differential ventilation with
      selective PEEP.
AB  - Lung perfusion was studied in 10 patients (mean age 58 yr) in the lateral
      position during enflurane anesthesia. They were ventilated through a double-lumen
      endotracheal catheter: 1) by one ventilator with free distribution of ventilation
      between the lungs, with no (zero) end-respiratory pressure (ZEEP); 2) as above
      but with a general positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 9 cmH2O; or 3) by
      two ventilators with equal distribution of ventilation between the lungs and with
      a selective PEEP of 8 cmH2O to the dependent lung only. Total ventilation was on
      average 8 l/min (BTPS) throughout the study. During the first method, 34% of
      ventilation was distributed to the dependent and 66% to the nondependent lung.
      Cardiac output (thermodilution) was 4.5 l/min, 57% being distributed to the
      dependent lung as assessed by iv boli of Xenon 133. During the second method,
      ventilation was assumed to be distributed equally between the lungs. Cardiac
      output was decreased to 3.8 l/min, and the dependent lung received 81% of lung
      blood flow. During the third method, cardiac output was significantly greater
      than during the second method (4.1 l/min), 51% passing to the dependent lung.
      Peak and end-inspiratory airway pressures were 5-18 cm H2O lower during selective
      than during general PEEP. Arterial oxygen tension was significantly greater
      during the third method than during either of the other ventilator settings and
      the alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference was almost halved compared with
      the first method. It is concluded that differential ventilation with selective
      PEEP improves ventilation-perfusion matching and thus oxygenation.

PMID- 6385779
TI  - Regional organ blood flow during high-frequency positive-pressure ventilation
      (HFPPV) and intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV).
AB  - The effect of high-frequency ventilation (HFV) on cerebral blood flow (CBF) at
      normal and elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) was compared with flows measured
      under the same conditions during intermittent positive pressure ventilation
      (IPPV). Renal, lung (bronchial artery supply), and cardiac blood flows also were
      measured during HFV and compared with flows observed during IPPV. Measurements
      were made in canines with stable hemodynamic variables and arterial CO2 and O2
      tensions in the normal range, CBF during HFV was comparable to the CBF during
      IPPV. Following an increase in ICP to a mean of 44 +/- 18 mmHg (SD), mean CBF
      decreased to 22.5 +/- 11 ml . 100 g-1 . min-1 (SD) during IPPV and 21.7 +/- 13.2
      ml . 100 g-1 . min-1 (SD) during HFV. No statistical differences could be noted
      in regional or global flow as a function of ventilatory mode. Renal, lung
      (bronchial artery supply), and cardiac blood flows also showed no statistical
      variation between HFV and IPPV. Ventilator-synchronous fluctuations in ICP
      observed during IPPV were reduced during HFV at normal ICP and eliminated by HFV
      at elevated ICP.

PMID- 6385778
TI  - The effect of long-term controlled mechanical ventilation with positive end
      expiratory pressure on renal function in dogs.
AB  - The effects of 46 h of mechanical ventilation and PEEP on urinary output, sodium
      excretion, and renal and cardiovascular function were examined. Dogs sedated with
      sodium pentobarbital were ventilated using one of three modes: spontaneous
      ventilation (SV), controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV), or CMV with 10 cmH2O
      positive end-expiratory pressure (CMV with PEEP). Intravenous fluids were given
      at a constant rate throughout the study and measurements of renal and
      cardiovascular function were made over four periods. Dogs whose lungs were
      ventilated with PEEP displayed more than two times the amount retention seen in
      the other groups as assessed by mean weight gain. This was due to an initial
      depression of urine flow, sodium excretion, and free water clearance. Urinary
      flow rate approximated the rate of fluid infusion by 20 h in SV dogs and by 27 h
      during CMV, while the maximum during CMV with PEEP occurred at 46 h. There were
      no significant differences in glomerular filtration rate, renal corticomedullary
      blood flow distribution, or renal blood flow between groups. During the 46 h,
      cardiac index increased (SV, +16%; CMV, +19%; CMV with PEEP, +64%), while
      systemic vascular resistance (SV, -28%; CMV, -30%; CMV with PEEP, -57%), renal
      vascular resistance (SV, -12%; CMV, -20%; CMV with PEEP, -23%), and mean arterial
      pressure (SV, -16%; CMV, -15%; CMV with PEEP, -15%) decreased in all groups. This
      study has demonstrated that when a constant sodium and water load was provided,
      the SV and CMV groups were rapidly able to adjust the urinary excretion to meet
      input, while the return of renal function toward normal in the CMV with PEEP
      group was delayed until almost 46 h from the start of ventilation.

PMID- 6385780
TI  - A simple device for oxygen insufflation with continuous positive airway pressure
      during one-lung ventilation.

PMID- 6385781
TI  - Stress reduction prior to oral surgery.
AB  - Patients about to undergo oral surgical procedures may be fearful and anxious. It
      is thought that stress reduction can be attained by relaxation and reassurance.
      One time stress reduction techniques were tested on 100 patients prior to oral
      surgery and measurements of stress were made prior to and during the procedures.
      Patients were divided randomly into four groups: group one patients received
      general surgical information about tooth removal; group two patients listened to
      a relaxation tape; group three patients listened to a combination of surgical
      information and relaxation information tape; and group four patients had no
      intervention. The day of oral surgery, patients were administered Corah's Dental
      Anxiety Scale. In addition, measurements of peripheral skin temperature,
      frontalis EMG for facial muscle tension and blood pressure recordings were made.
      The measurements were taken prior to and after the patients listened to the
      information mentioned above on audio tapes, (groups 1-3) or relaxed in their own
      way (group 4). Self assessment of anxiety reduction was recorded and evaluation
      of relaxation was made by the oral surgeon during the surgical procedure.
      Observations were made relating to age, sex, degree of surgical difficulty and
      presence or absence of preoperative pain. A significant decrease in blood
      pressure (p_.01 was noted between the experimental and control group. Reduction
      of anxiety was notably seen with group three patients, where EMG and temperature
      differences varied from the control group. It was also noted that all patients
      perceived some degree of relaxation.

PMID- 6385783
TI  - Maxillary skeletal and dental change with Frankel appliance therapy--an implant
      study.
AB  - An implant study using postero- anterior cephalometric radiographs to evaluate
      expansion effects of the Frankel appliance. Significant alveolar and apical base
      expansion was found in the treatment group, with much smaller increases at the
      midpalatal suture. Molar tipping was insignificant.

PMID- 6385782
TI  - Lateral expansion of the mandible in the baboon. Following osteotomy at the
      symphysis.
AB  - The mandibles of three baboons are expanded laterally by surgical osteotomy at
      the symphysis, followed by different regimes of stabilization and orthodontic
      movement.

PMID- 6385784
TI  - Early maxillary orthopedics for the newborn cleft lip and palate patient. An
      impression and an appliance.
AB  - A detailed description of the fabrication and use of a maxillary orthopedic
      prosthesis for the newborn cleft palate patient, from impression through parental
      management of the appliance.

PMID- 6385785
TI  - Prehospital use of dexamethasone in pulseless idioventricular rhythm.
AB  - We investigated the prehospital use of 100 mg dexamethasone for the treatment of
      cardiac arrest patients with pulseless idioventricular rhythms (PIVR). In the 86
      patients studied in this prospective, randomized, double-blind investigation,
      four of the 46 patients receiving saline and two of the 37 patients receiving
      dexamethasone survived long enough to be admitted to the hospital intensive care
      unit. There were no long-term survivors. No benefit from the field use of 100 mg
      dexamethasone in PIVR could be identified in this study.

PMID- 6385786
TI  - Emergency phenytoin loading by constant intravenous infusion.
AB  - We evaluated the efficacy of constant intravenous (IV) phenytoin infusion. Thirty
      eight patients were evaluated prospectively for complications of continuous
      infusion phenytoin loading. A total dose of 18 mg/kg was administered as a
      solution of 500 mg phenytoin in 50 mL normal saline using a constant infusion
      pump. The initial delivery rate was 40 mg/min. Cardiac rhythm was monitored by
      telemetry, and rhythm strips and vital signs were obtained every 15 minutes
      during infusion. Therapeutic phenytoin blood levels (greater than 10
      micrograms/mL) were achieved in 37 patients (97%). Infusion was discontinued in
      one patient because of IV site irritation shortly after initiation of the
      infusion. Phenytoin levels in the toxic range were seen immediately postinfusion
      in 22 patients and in the four-hour postinfusion samples of 16 patients. Thirteen
      of 18 levels drawn 12 to 24 hours after infusion were therapeutic. Phenytoin
      levels greater than 20 micrograms/mL were tolerated without significant change in
      rhythm, QRS interval, or QT interval. A small statistically significant (P less
      than .05) decrease in systolic and mean arterial pressure was noted during the
      infusion. Complications included burning at the IV infusion site in four
      patients; the discomfort was relieved in three cases by reducing the rate of
      infusion to 20 mg/min. Seizures occurred in two patients during the infusion,
      requiring the additional use of diazepam or phenobarbital. Administration of a
      loading phenytoin dose by constant IV infusion is an effective means for
      achieving therapeutic levels quickly.

PMID- 6385787
TI  - Pogotowie Ratunkowe: the emergency medical system of Poland.
AB  - In March 1983, in conjunction with the Columbia University Affiliated Hospitals
      Residency in Emergency Medicine, Overlook Hospital, and under the auspices of the
      Ministry of Health in Warsaw, we visited Poland to study the country's emergency
      medical system. The emergency medical service, Pogotowie Ratunkowe, is
      responsible for civilian acute care throughout the nation. Its domain includes
      operation of the freestanding emergency medical care centers, all emergency
      transport and ambulance services, and several short-stay emergency hospitals. The
      system utilizes a modular concept, and the same basic organization is employed in
      each of the 49 provinces and five largest cities. The heart of each module is a
      central dispatch station, ambulance base, and emergency treatment facility. A hub
      of substations, with treatment areas and ambulance bases, completes the system.
      All ambulance dispatches come from the central office. A toll-free number
      provides access. An integral part of the central dispatch station is the
      information bureau. Individuals seeking a missing person can, by calling a single
      number find out if they have been picked up by any ambulance, admitted to any
      hospital, or treated in any ambulatory emergency center within the province.
      Ambulances are staffed by physicians and equipped with medications. Once on the
      scene the physician may elect to treat the patient, transport him to an emergency
      station, or admit him to a hospital. A system of general and specialized
      ambulances makes the best use of limited resources, such as cardiac resuscitation
      and trauma vehicles. The need for such technology as telemetry is averted because
      a physician is on the scene to read the electrocardiographic monitor.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6385788
TI  - Julius Hiram Comroe, Jr., M.D.--1911-1984.

PMID- 6385789
TI  - Accurate quantification of cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage.
AB  - Quantification of the differential cell count and total number of cells recovered
      from the lower respiratory tract by bronchoalveolar lavage is a valuable
      technique for evaluating the alveolitis of patients with inflammatory disorders
      of the lower respiratory tract. The most commonly used technique for the
      evaluation of cells recovered by lavage has been to concentrate cells by
      centrifugation and then to determine total cell number using a hemocytometer and
      differential cell count from a Wright-Glemsa-stained cytocentrifuge preparation.
      However, we have noted that the percentage of small cells present in the original
      cell suspension recovered by lavage is greater than the percentage of lymphocytes
      identified on cytocentrifuge preparations. Therefore, we developed procedures for
      determining differential cell counts on lavage cells collected on Millipore
      filters and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (filter preparations) and compared the
      results of differential cell counts performed on filter preparations with those
      obtained using cytocentrifuge preparations. When cells recovered by lavage were
      collected on filter preparations, accurate differential cell counts were
      obtained, as confirmed by performing differential cell counts on cell mixtures of
      known composition, and by comparing differential cell counts obtained using
      filter preparations stained with hematoxylin-eosin with those obtained using
      filter preparations stained with a peroxidase cytochemical stain. The morphology
      of cells displayed on filter preparations was excellent, and interobserver
      variability in quantitating cell types recovered by lavage was less than
      3%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6385790
TI  - Lung sounds.
AB  - A resurgence of interest in clinical auscultation is in progress. Recent
      technical advances permit more objective observations than were previously
      possible. Quantified lung sounds are being correlated with clinical, physiologic,
      and roentgenologic information. The purpose of this article is to summarize
      current knowledge on the production, transmission, and clinical significance of
      lung sounds. The complex sonic signals arising in the lung during respiration
      reflect its mechanical state. More precise understanding of pulmonary sounds and
      their clinical correlations could lead to powerful diagnostic tools, which have
      particular appeal because of their noninvasive nature.

PMID- 6385791
TI  - Theoretical and practical considerations in the treatment of portal hypertension
      secondary to hepatic cirrhosis.
AB  - Portal hypertension related to hepatic cirrhosis produces significant alterations
      in portal blood flow, pressures, blood volume, and systemic hemodynamics. These
      alterations decrease portal blood flow to the hepatic parenchyma with measurable
      decreases in hepatic parenchymal function. The development of bleeding
      esophagogastric varices and the methods used to treat this complication are all
      unsatisfactory either in the short or long term. Portal systemic shunting, in
      particular, further decreases portal flow to the liver with deleterious effects
      on hepatic cellular function. Pharmacologic methods to decrease the risk of
      variceal bleeding are the most promising recent development in the care of these
      patients.

PMID- 6385792
TI  - Suture technique and wound-bursting strength.
AB  - Despite advances in wound healing, fascial dehiscence continues to be a problem
      in celiotomy wounds. Experimental and clinical studies on suture material and on
      patient-related factors in wound disruption are abundant, but little attention
      has been given to mechanical factors in wound closure, although they may be of
      greater importance. A midline abdominal wound was made in 120 Harlan Sprague
      Dawley rats, and the fascia was closed with Dacron in one of six ways: simple
      interrupted, interrupted figure-of-eight, and running, each tied loosely in one
      half of each group and tightly in the other half. One week later, the rats were
      reanesthetized and wound-bursting strength was measured. In general, the running
      suture technique resulted in the greatest wound-bursting pressures. A loosely
      tied figure-of-eight technique was nearly as good as a loosely tied running
      stitch, but tying figure-of-eight sutures tightly caused a significant decrease
      in wound-bursting pressure. The simple interrupted technique was unaffected by
      suture tension but was generally inferior to the running stitch in terms of wound
      bursting strength. Histologic studies were performed, but most of the disparity
      in wound strength among the suture techniques apparently was due solely to
      mechanical factors. Closing midline abdominal fascial wounds with a running
      suture may be a superior method of closure in clean, incised wounds.

PMID- 6385793
TI  - The development of extra-intestinal cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi in Triatoma
      infestans and Panstrongylus megistus.
AB  - By applying various histological techniques the results obtained were similar to
      those in Lacombe's previous publications referring to the development of
      Trypanosoma cruzi in haemolymph, the later penetration in the Malpighian tubes
      and their return to the digestive tract. Trypomastigotes and sphaeromastigotes
      are found in the promesenteron after two hours of feeding the insect with mice
      blood containing numerous Trypanosoma cruzi. Some parasites move to the
      promesenteron from postmesenteron and others from the haemolymph of the insect.
      The amastigotes form inside the haemocytes, multiply, occupying nearly all the
      cells of the haemolymph. The parasites liberated inside the Malpighian tubes move
      to the ampullae where they begin their growth. The parasites in epimastigote and
      trypomastigote forms cross the pyloric valve and adhere to the folds of the
      rectum.

PMID- 6385794
TI  - [Echographic diagnosis of hypertrophic stenosis of the pylorus].
AB  - We reviewed the abdominal sonograms of thirty three infants presenting with
      vomiting. Thirty patients were clinically suspected of having hypertrophic
      pyloric stenosis. The thickened pyloric muscle was seen as a hypoechoic mass with
      strong central echoes, situated medial to the gallbladder, and anterior to the
      right kidney and caval vein, in transverse and longitudinal sections
      respectively. The muscle thickness measured between 3.8 and 7 mm. These findings
      were found in thirty infants, in 27 of whom the diagnosis was clinically
      suspected, and the other three were presumed to have gastroesophageal reflux. All
      of them had subsequent confirmation of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis by upper
      gastrointestinal tract examination and/or surgery. Real time ultrasound is
      considered a useful, quick, reliable and non invasive method to confirm the
      hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in infants with vomiting.

PMID- 6385795
TI  - [Diagnosis of hypertrophic stenosis of the pylorus by ultrasonography].
AB  - Ten infants with a clinical history of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis were
      examined sonographically. Upper gastrointestinal series were also performed on
      these patients. The authors comment on the findings, and the value of ultrasound
      examination in the diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

PMID- 6385796
TI  - [10th National Congress of Pediatric Nephrology. Tenerife, 17-19 May 1983.
      Abstracts].

PMID- 6385797
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation or chemotherapy after remission induction for adults
      with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. A prospective comparison.
AB  - We compared the outcome of marrow transplantation with that of continued
      chemotherapy for adults with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia who achieve a first
      remission. From May 1977 to July 1982, 111 consecutive adults (ages 17 to 50)
      with newly diagnosed acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia were treated with induction
      chemotherapy. Ninety patients (81%) had a complete remission. Forty-four
      remission patients had available donors: 33 received a transplant and 11 did not.
      Forty-six patients in remission without matched donors were treated with
      continued chemotherapy. Kaplan-Meier estimates of 5-year, disease-free survival
      from complete remission are 49% +/- 18% for the transplant group and 20% +/- 13%
      for the chemotherapy group. When compared to the chemotherapy group, patients
      undergoing transplantation had a higher risk of dying during the first 6 months
      after remission induction but a lower risk of dying thereafter. Within the
      transplant group, only age influenced survival. Within the chemotherapy group, a
      leukocyte count of greater than 10 000 mm3 at diagnosis, a French-American
      British (FAB) Cooperative Group morphologic status of M-4, M-5, or M-6, and the
      presence of infection at diagnosis were all associated with shorter survival.

PMID- 6385798
TI  - Sporadic cases of hemorrhagic colitis associated with Escherichia coli O157:H7.
AB  - After two outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis associated with a previously
      unrecognized pathogen, Escherichia coli O157:H7, a surveillance system was
      established to identify and study sporadic cases of this distinct clinical
      illness in the United States. Between August 1982 and April 1984, we identified
      28 persons from 11 states who met our case definition and whose stool specimens
      yielded E. coli O157:H7. Patients ranged in age from 1 to 80 years. Seventeen
      patients required hospitalization. All patients recovered, although one developed
      hemolytic-uremic syndrome 7 days after the onset of bloody diarrhea. Detection of
      E. coli O157:H7 in stools from persons with hemorrhagic colitis was highly
      associated with collection of stool specimens within the first 6 days after onset
      of illness. All E. coli O157:H7 isolates produced a Vero cytotoxin. Hemorrhagic
      colitis caused by E. coli O157:H7 is widely distributed in the United States as a
      sporadic illness; clinicians should be aware of its distinctive clinical
      presentation, and should collect specimens promptly when the diagnosis is
      suspected.

PMID- 6385799
TI  - Cyclosporine: a new immunosuppressive agent for organ transplantation.
AB  - Cyclosporine, a cyclic endecapeptide of fungal origin, has recently been released
      for use in clinical transplantation. Trials in kidney, heart, liver and bone
      marrow recipients were encouraging: 1-year graft survival rates were 70% to 80%
      for kidney and heart recipients, and 60% to 65% for liver allograft recipients.
      Cyclosporine is also effective in treating bone marrow recipients with acute
      graft-versus-host disease. The drug selectively inhibits T-helper cell production
      of growth factors essential for B cell and cytotoxic T-cell differentiation and
      proliferation, while allowing expansion of suppressor T-cell populations. Drug
      absorption varies greatly, necessitating monitoring of drug level and
      individualization of therapy. Nephrotoxicity is the most frequent side effect of
      cyclosporine. An increased incidence of B-cell lymphomas seen when cyclosporine
      was used in conjunction with cytotoxic agents or anti-lymphocyte globulin has
      very rarely been observed when concomitant immunosuppression has been limited to
      low-dose corticosteroids. Lower initial doses of cyclosporine, followed by more
      rapid tapering may reduce the incidence of nephrotoxicity without compromising
      improved graft outcome.

PMID- 6385800
TI  - Progress in acute myelogenous leukemia.

PMID- 6385801
TI  - Glimpses of the past from the recently unearthed ancient corpses in China.

PMID- 6385802
TI  - [Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies of thyroid cancer].
AB  - The results of immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies have improved our
      understanding and provide a better method of classifying thyroid carcinoma. These
      techniques have also enabled identification of tumours with composite cell
      populations. These tumours pose clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic problems,
      and pose fundamental questions such as the relationship between vesicular and C
      cells. In addition, these techniques are the only available method of determining
      in situ within the tumour tissue the exact location of different antigens. This
      information may contribute to the study of the function of the molecules in
      question and of their accessibility to antibodies in vitro or in vivo.

PMID- 6385803
TI  - The anaesthetic management of the Eisenmenger syndrome.
AB  - The Eisenmenger syndrome is a form of cyanotic congenital heart disease not
      usually amenable to corrective surgery. It is, however, compatible with leading
      an active life in early adulthood and due to advances in medical therapy it is
      not uncommon for patients with this syndrome to live to 30 years or more.
      Occasionally, therefore, anaesthetists and surgeons will be required to care for
      these patients when they present for incidental surgery. This article reviews the
      appropriate measures for the safe operative and perioperative care of patients,
      based on an understanding of the pathophysiological changes which occur in the
      Eisenmenger syndrome.

PMID- 6385804
TI  - Sir Gilbert Blane Bt (1749-1834).

PMID- 6385805
TI  - Characteristics of non-clinical mammary infections of goats.
AB  - This study, carried out on 1217 milk goats (2428 milk samples), sampled at two
      different periods of lactation, showed that non-clinical mammary infections of
      the goat were due to major pathogens (7.5%) and coagulase-negative staphylococci
      (24.1%). Among major pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently
      isolated species (75.2%). However, great variations were observed between herds,
      in levels of infection by major pathogens. The intensity of the inflammatory
      response, measured by the cell count, depended on the pathogen present in the
      mammary gland. Evidence was found that 75% of infections persisted throughout the
      lactation and 61% during the dry-period. The arithmetic mean cell counts for milk
      samples from halves infected with major pathogens was 6.77 X 10(6) cells/ml,
      determined by Coulter Counter. It was 1.78 and 1.54 X 10(6) cells/ml respectively
      for halves infected with coagulase-negative staphylococci and non-infected
      halves. The arithmetic mean cell counts were higher at drying-off than in
      lactation. The threshold of 1 X 10(6) cells/ml was reliable for diagnosis in mid
      lactation and permitted to diagnose 72% of major pathogen infections.

PMID- 6385806
TI  - [Characterization of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli of bovine origin by DNA-DNA
      colony hybridization].
AB  - DNA-DNA colony hybridizations with a ST1a probe were done on bovine
      enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains and compared with the suckling mouse
      test. The results show that one fourth (7/24) of the strains positive in the baby
      mouse test do not hybridize the ST1a probe and suggest the existence of another
      or other toxins among the bovine enterotoxigenic E. coli strains.

PMID- 6385808
TI  - Confinement of sows related to their productivity.
AB  - Under the continuous striving of both, the pig farmer and the research worker,
      towards always better adapted sow accomodation, recent sow housing changed
      steadily. In this paper the recent developments are given as introduction. In a
      second part the nowadays current sow accomodation is described, while afterwards
      the importance of a good zootechnical control system is stressed. Then the link
      between housing and productivity is given. Finally the all-dominating role of the
      stockman is underlined.

PMID- 6385807
TI  - [Role of nonenterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains (K99-,ST-) in the neonatal
      pathology of the calf].
AB  - Enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli have been extensively studied over
      the last ten years, especially in the calf. On the other hand, septicemic strains
      have received much less attention during the same period, in spite of a lack of
      information about their pathogenicity in the calf and about the attributes of
      their virulence. Virulence of septicemic E. coli includes invasion from the
      portal entry into the blood, multiplication in blood and organs, resistance to
      phagocytosis and lethal action of serum, and production of lesions by toxins.
      Most information obtained recently concerns the last phases of microbial
      pathogenicity, i.e. multiplication and production of lesions. Antigens K are
      considered to be mainly responsible for the resistance to phagocytosis. Antigens
      O would play the major role, qualitatively and quantitatively, in the resistance
      to bactericidal effect of serum. The ability to grow in iron-deficient medium
      would constitute a decisive advantage. This ability is attributed to proteins of
      the outer membrane, some of them being coded by plasmids. Endotoxin is the basic
      toxic principle that accounts for the production of lesions in the host. It is
      generally admitted that its toxic effect is due to the lipid A portion of LPS.
      The biochemical composition of lipid A being very homogeneous in
      Enterobacteriaceae, its pathological effect is considered to be directly related
      to the concentration in serum, i.e. without specific endotoxic activity exerted
      by some serotypes. Numerous clinical and experimental arguments suggest the
      occurrence of an enterotoxemic form of colibacillosis in calves. Enterotoxemic
      colibacillosis would result from the strictly intestinal multiplication of some
      strains of E. coli and the systemic diffusion of corresponding endotoxins. Such a
      syndrome has been well-documented in piglets, namely oedema disease. Oedema
      disease is attributed to a limited number of serotypes. Experimental reproduction
      has led to the evidence that two toxic principles are needed to fully produce the
      disease: the endotoxin and a neurotoxin, called EDP. These results, together with
      observations on humans and other animal species, raise two major questions: 1)
      what are the circumstances that favour the passage of endotoxins through
      intestinal epithelium ? 2) could a specific endotoxic activity be attributed to
      some serotypes of E. coli?

PMID- 6385809
TI  - Effects of confinement on attainment of puberty in gilts.
AB  - The present work is a review of experiments realized in order to determine the
      effects of confinement conditions on attainment of puberty in gilts. Few authors
      have compared age at first estrus or first ovulation of gilts bred in total
      confinement, in open front buildings and in outdoor dirt lots. Results are not
      always significant but lead to conclude to a detrimental effect of confinement on
      attainment of puberty (5 to 17 day delay). Interactions with other factors such
      as genotype, season of birth, age at treatment explain the differences between
      results. Large variations are also observed in the response of confined gilts
      housed in different conditions of intensity and duration of light, temperature
      and social environment. However, high temperature and individual penning induce a
      delay in age at puberty (4 to 10 days). Although the sexual development is known
      to depend on hormonal control, studies regarding the influence of environmental
      conditions on hormonal secretions are recent, rather scarce and incomplete.
      Significant variations in the pineal gland activity, the plasma levels of
      prolactin, LH and estrogens have not yet been associated with confinement,
      intensity and duration of light. A disruption of the corticosteroid rythm has
      been observed in individual compared to group penned animals. Estrus response to
      gonadotropin hormones is not modified but ovarian response to estrogen is reduced
      by confinement. Further experiments taking into account the existence of
      interactions between genotype, light and temperature conditions, season of birth
      and social relations are required in order to investigate more precisely the
      influence of the different types of environment on the hormonal secretions and
      consequently the sexual development of gilts.

PMID- 6385810
TI  - An evaluation of ethological criteria and methods in the assessment of well-being
      in sows.
AB  - The literature on behaviour of sows under different management systems was
      reviewed to evaluate ethological criteria and methods in the assessment of
      wellbeing. Daily activity time seems of little value in the assessment of
      wellbeing when housing systems are compared. It is low in confined sows,
      especially those that are tethered or otherwise restricted. Lack of exercise,
      however, has well-documented adverse effects in tethered and restricted sows. A
      number of well-known responses to conflicts and frustration have been observed in
      confined sows, but the effect of tethering and restriction varies. These
      responses include increased aggression, displacement activities, immobility
      responses, flight reactions and "inhibition of all but one response".
      Additionally the tethered and restricted sows frequently perform a number of
      stereotypes and vacuum activities. The effect of potential stressors in tethered
      sows, such as closeness of other individuals, high environmental temperature,
      lack of stimulation and thwarting of nestbuilding behaviour during the
      prefarrowing phase is discussed and evaluated on the basis of ethological
      parameters. The conflict behaviour, the stereotypes, and the vacuum behaviour
      seem of significance in the assessment of wellbeing, but more research is needed,
      especially on the significance of the stereotypes and their physiological
      correlates.

PMID- 6385812
TI  - The measurement of urinary LH, by a solid-phase chemiluminescence immunoassay.
AB  - Ovulation in women may be predicted or detected by a simple, solid-phase,
      chemiluminescence immunoassay for the measurement of urinary LH. An IgG fraction
      of a donkey antiserum to rabbit immunoglobulins is passively adsorbed to the
      walls of polystyrene tubes. Human chorionic gonadotrophin-succinyl-butyl-ethyl
      isoluminol and a primary antibody (rabbit anti-human LH) is incubated with
      samples of early morning urine. After the binding reaction, the solution is
      removed by aspiration. The antibody-bound fraction is washed twice with buffer.
      Sodium hydroxide is added and the mixture incubated. After cooling, luminescence
      is initiated by oxidation of the label with microperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide and
      the signal integrated. The method has been evaluated in terms of sensitivity,
      within- and between-batch precision, bias and parallelism. The time interval
      between the peak day of LH in EMU and maximum follicular diameter during 38
      menstrual cycles was -24 h (11%), O h (50%), + 24 h (28%) and + 48 h (11%).

PMID- 6385811
TI  - The value of carcinoembryonic antigen measurement in clinical practice.

PMID- 6385813
TI  - Secretion and hepatic removal of insulin in female obese subjects with reactive
      hypoglycemia.
AB  - In the present study insulin and C-peptide responses to oral glucose as well as C
      peptide to insulin ratios and relations were evaluated in 10 nondiabetic obese
      female subjects with reactive hypoglycemia and in 10 age- and weight-matched
      controls. Insulin levels and incremental areas did not differ significantly in
      the two groups, whereas C-peptide concentrations and incremental areas were
      significantly higher in the obese group with reactive hypoglycemia. C-peptide to
      insulin molar ratio increments after glucose load as well as relations between
      incremental areas of the two peptides were significantly higher in obese subjects
      with reactive hypoglycemia than in controls. Our results suggest that B-cell
      response to oral glucose as well as insulin uptake by the liver in obese subjects
      with reactive hypoglycemia are greater than in controls.

PMID- 6385814
TI  - Thymic control in expression of natural killer activity in AKR and C57BL/6 mice.
AB  - The natural killer (NK) activity of 2-month old AKR mice was markedly depressed
      compared with that of C57BL/6 mice of the same age. It decreased with age in
      C57BL/6 mice, whereas it increased and reached a maximum at 5 months in AKR mice.
      When the animals developed leukaemia, NK activity completely disappeared. A
      considerable increase in NK activity was observed in AKR and C57BL/6 mice which
      had been thymectomized at 30 days of age. This activity remained at a high level
      for 3 months and slowly decreased afterwards. The NK activity of C57BL/6 mice
      fell after sublethal irradiation (1.75 Gy X 4) and did not recover within 12
      weeks, except in mice restored with bone marrow (BM). When mice were
      thymectomized prior to radiation exposure, NK activity remained at a normal level
      and BM restoration resulted in a weak but significant enhancement. NK activity,
      which was already low in AKR mice, was not significantly modified by sublethal
      irradiation, whether the animals were previously thymectomized or not. In this
      strain, BM restoration increased the NK activity after sublethal irradiation, and
      a higher level was reached in thymectomized animals than in intact ones. Lethally
      irradiated mice restored with bone marrow displayed a high level of NK activity,
      which was comparable in both strains and was augmented by thymectomy. Taken
      together, these results indicate that spleen NK activity is, at least in part,
      controlled by the thymus. The increased NK activity in thymectomized animals
      might result from the decline or inactivation of a thymus-dependent suppressive
      activity. The low NK activity observed in AKR mice seems to be related to a
      thymus-mediated suppressive effect rather than to a defect of BM in NK
      precursors.

PMID- 6385815
TI  - Erythroadsorption and enzyme-linked immunoassays (EAIA and ELISA) for specific
      circulating antibodies and antigens in schistosomiasis.
AB  - We developed a method of immunologic titration by erythroadsorption in order to
      assay anti-Schistosoma mansoni soluble cercarial antigen IgM antibodies and anti
      S. mansoni soluble worm and egg antigen IgG antibodies. This method was compared
      to the ELISA technique. Results obtained using the two techniques were similar,
      although the erythroadsorption technique was less sensitive for identifying IgM
      during the acute phase of the disease. Both assay systems revealed a correlation
      between the level of circulating soluble antigens contained in the eggs and the
      number of eggs found in the stools of this particular group of patients.

PMID- 6385816
TI  - Cell-mediated immunity in mice treated with Mycobacterium leprae or with
      macrophages harbouring M. leprae.
AB  - Following treatment of BALB/c or C3H/HeN mice in the hind footpads with
      irradiated Mycobacterium leprae, a marked enhancement of natural killer (NK)
      activity was observed in cells from the draining popliteal lymph node or from the
      spleen. NK activity was further enhanced when the treatment consisted of killed
      M. leprae which had been incorporated into mouse peritoneal macrophages. This
      effect was noted as early as 2 weeks after treatment and persisted for at least 9
      weeks. Lymphoblastic transformation in response to suboptimal doses of the T-cell
      mitogen transformation in response to suboptimal doses of the T-cell mitogen
      concanavalin A or to M. leprae antigen was assayed in parallel in cells from the
      draining popliteal lymph node and from the spleen. In contrast to NK assays,
      treatment with M. leprae alone moderately altered the response to mitogen.
      However, there was a prominent enhancement of the T-cell response when treatment
      consisted of M. leprae-laden macrophages.

PMID- 6385817
TI  - Immunological activities of RU-41740, a glycoproteic extract from Klebsiella
      pneumoniae. I.--Activation of murine B cells and induction of interleukin-1
      production by macrophages.
AB  - RU-41740, a glycoprotein extract from Klebsiella pneumoniae K2O1 strain, is an
      immunomodulating compound which has been shown to reduce infectious episodes in
      immunodeficient patients. Data from preliminary experimental designs suggested
      that RU-41740 could affect several target cells, such as T cells, B cells and
      macrophages. In the present report, we show that RU-41740 is a selective B
      lymphocyte activator. It induces blast transformation in Nude mouse spleen cell
      cultures and in B-cell-enriched fractions obtained from normal mice. It does not
      activate T lymphocytes to proliferate. Activation of mouse B lymphocytes by RU
      41740 is not affected by removal of adherent cells. RU-41740 also activates
      immunoglobulin secretion by murine B lymphocytes. Incubating spleen cells from
      C3H/HeJ mice with RU-41740 results in cell proliferation and activation of
      antibody-forming cells. This suggests that B-cell activation is not due to LPS
      contamination. Other experiments show that RU-41740 can also trigger mouse
      macrophages to produce interleukin-1 activity. Indeed, supernatants from
      peritoneal adherent cells incubated in the presence of RU-41740 can stimulate
      blastogenesis in thymocytes from C3H/HeJ mice. Thus, B-cell activation and IL-1
      production by macrophages could constitute two additive mechanisms involved in
      immunomodulation induced by RU-41740.

PMID- 6385819
TI  - T-dependent B-cell activation: molecules involved in mediating interaction and
      induction signals.

PMID- 6385818
TI  - Function of IG receptors in B-cell triggering.

PMID- 6385820
TI  - MHC restriction in T cell/B cell interaction: role of B-cell subpopulations and B
      cell activation state.

PMID- 6385821
TI  - T/B collaboration in vivo vs. in vitro.

PMID- 6385822
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of carcino-embryonic antigen in a continuous human
      tumour cell line (LS 174 T) in relation to morphometric investigations.
AB  - The synthesis of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in human tumour cell cultures has
      been investigated at the ultrastructural level in the colon carcinoma cell line
      LS 174 T. By application of a CEA-specific antibody fraction, gained from goat
      serum which was directly coupled with horse radish peroxidase (HRP), the
      expression of CEA could be followed in the cell culture both intra- and
      extracellularly with ultra-immunohistochemical methods, utilizing the pre
      embedding technique. Morphometric and ultra-immunohistochemical investigations
      showed the possible involvement of the Golgi systems in CEA production. The
      changes in the volume fraction of the Golgi apparatus related to the total cell
      volume showed a direct correlation with the CEA content in the cell culture
      supernatants. Freeze-etch control experiments revealed negligible structural
      changes in the cells following ethyl-dimethyl-aminopropylcarbodiimide (EDC)-and
      saponin permeation techniques.

PMID- 6385823
TI  - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease of long duration: clinicopathological characteristics,
      transmissibility, and differential diagnosis.
AB  - Five to 10% of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease have a clinical course
      that extends for 2 years or more. In the present series 33 (9%) of 357
      histopathologically verified cases, including 15 (7%) of 225 transmitted cases,
      fell into this long-duration category, the longest transmitted case having had a
      13-year duration. As a group these cases were characterized by a higher familial
      representation (30%), a younger age at onset (average, 48 years), and lower
      frequencies of myoclonus (79%) and periodic electroencephalographic activity
      (45%) than occur in series of unselected cases. The clinical course most often
      showed a long, very slowly progressive first stage, with symptoms limited to
      intellectual deterioration or behavioral abnormalities, followed by a shorter,
      rapidly progressive terminal stage with both mental and physical deterioration.
      Although transmission of disease by primate inoculation was less successful in
      this group of long-duration cases (64%) than in cases of shorter duration (88%),
      incubation periods and durations of illness in the inoculated animals bore no
      relation to the duration of illness in the patients. Clinical differentiation
      from other chronic dementing processes, particularly Alzheimer's disease, can
      prove impossible; however, the correct pathological diagnosis was readily evident
      by light microscopic examination, and spongiosis was at least as prominent as
      gliosis in all but 4 (15%) of the 27 patients studied postmortem, the same
      frequency found in case series not selected for length of illness.

PMID- 6385824
TI  - Cerebral amyloid angiopathy causing intracranial hemorrhage.
AB  - Ten cases of sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) were seen as intracranial
      hemorrhage. CAA was seen as a stroke or catastrophic intracranial hemorrhage in
      all cases. CAA complicated by intracranial hemorrhage carried a high mortality; 9
      of 10 patients died in spite of aggressive medical or surgical treatment. Senile
      dementia of Alzheimer's type was an associated finding in only 1 patient.
      Computed tomographic scanning in 4 patients initially was not diagnostic for
      hemorrhage. Lambda chains and amyloid P protein were demonstrated in the areas of
      amyloid angiopathy immunocytochemically. The pathogenesis of hemorrhage in CAA
      could be either increased fragility of amyloid-laden blood vessels or rupture of
      microaneurysms. Surgical treatment of intracranial hemorrhage in CAA should
      therefore be undertaken with caution.

PMID- 6385826
TI  - On mirror movements.

PMID- 6385825
TI  - Effect of vasodilating drugs on intracortical and extracortical vascular
      resistance following middle cerebral artery occlusion in cats.
AB  - In 24 lightly anesthetized cats acute cerebral infarction was produced by
      transorbital occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery. Pial artery pressure
      and blood flow were measured in the center of the middle cerebral artery
      territory, and changes of segmental resistance were determined upstream and
      downstream of the pial arterial recording site. After middle cerebral artery
      occlusion, pial arterial pressure fell from 59 to 13 mm Hg, and blood flow from
      67.4 to 19.6 ml/100 gm/min. Downstream (intracortical) vascular resistance
      slightly decreased from 0.93 to 0.72 mm Hg X ml-1 X 100 gm X minute, and upstream
      (extracortical) resistance rose from 0.89 to 6.18 mm Hg X ml-1 X 100 gm X min.
      Before middle cerebral artery occlusion, intracarotid infusion of papaverine (625
      micrograms/kg/min) and prostacyclin (500 ng/kg/min) caused a reduction of
      downstream resistance, and intracarotid infusion of nimodipine (670 ng/kg/min)
      reduced both downstream and upstream resistance. After vascular occlusion all
      three drugs reduced mainly upstream resistance but cerebral blood flow did not
      significantly improve because blood pressure also fell. Intracerebral steal
      phenomena were never observed.

PMID- 6385827
TI  - [Medico-legal aspects of removing corneas for transplantation].

PMID- 6385828
TI  - [Interrelation between the activity of the lytic enzyme producer Actinomyces
      recifensis var. lyticus 2435 and its population variability].
AB  - Spontaneous variability of Actinomyces recifensis var. lyticus 2435 producing a
      complex of lytic enzymes was studied. A correlation between the strain activity
      and the content of the variants of the main morphological type in the population
      was shown. The carbon sources influenced the proportion of different type
      variants in the population. Strain 2435 was rather stable with respect to the
      level of the synthesis of yeast-like enzymes and showed a significant variation
      with respect to the level of the biosynthesis of the bacteriolytic complex. The
      population variation of strain 2435 with respect to the staphylolytic (synthesis
      of specific endopeptidases) and muramidase activity was most pronounced. The high
      activity levels of strain 2435 and wide lytic spectrum were provided by selection
      of the variants of the first morphological type with respect to the property of
      high staphylolytic activity.

PMID- 6385829
TI  - [Mechanism of action of ectericide on opportunistic microbes].
AB  - Ectericide is a product of cod-liver oil oxidation (lower fatty acids, organic
      peroxides and aldehydes). Its antibacterial activity is based on the capacity for
      partial disintegration and extraction of the structural lipopolysaccharide of the
      microbial cell without any significant effect on the quantitative content of the
      structural proteins and nucleotides.

PMID- 6385830
TI  - [Mutagenic and carcinogenic action of antimicrobial surface-active substances].
AB  - The study on the mutagenic activity of commercial synthetic cationic, anionic,
      amphoteric and nonionogenic surface active substances with antimicrobial
      properties demonstrated that they had no mutagenic effect on the microbial test
      systems, i.e. the histidine-deficient strains of Salmonella typhimurium on direct
      contact and under conditions of metabolic activation in vitro and in vivo. The
      cationoactive preparation B Kh-14 with the benzyl radical adjoining the nitrogen
      atom and linear hydrophobic C13H27 with the amide group having a pronounced
      antimicrobial effect on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and fungi showed
      no carcinogenic activity in the experiments with its long-term action on the
      urinary bladder mucosa and skin of rats, guinea-pigs and dogs.

PMID- 6385831
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of 3 preparations of E.
      coli L-asparaginase].
AB  - Preparations of L-asparaginase made in the USSR, FRG and Japan were studied
      comparatively in 277 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and
      lymphosarcomas. It was shown that the clinical characteristics of the preparation
      made in the USSR and the preparation (crasnitin) made in the FRG were identical.
      By the antileukemic action the preparation made in the USSR was superior to the
      preparation (leunase) made in Japan in the treatment of adult patients with such
      hemoblastosis forms. The effect of the three drugs in the treatment of children
      was analogous. The nature of the side effects of the three drugs was the same.
      However, their level was different. The allergenic effect of leunase on the
      patients was the most pronounced. L-Asparaginase made in the USSR and crasnitin
      are recommended for wide use in clinical practice.

PMID- 6385832
TI  - [Effect of Streptomyces spheroides proteinases on the mechanism of antibacterial
      protection in an experiment].
AB  - The effect of Streptomyces spheroides proteinases on the process and character of
      the local reaction to intraperitoneal infection of mice with E. coli was studied
      experimentally. It was shown that administration of the proteinases promoted a
      decrease in the dissemination of the abdominal cavity and a more rapid
      elimination of the microorganisms from the infection foci. The proteinases
      potentiated the macrophagal component of the local reaction by accelerating
      migration of the macrophages and increasing their phagocytic activity and the
      activity of the lysosomal enzymes. Proteinases gave rise to a pronounced
      activation of the neutrophils, an increase in the phagocytic capacity of the
      young forms and a change in intracellular enzymes. It was demonstrated that
      proteinases changed interrelation between the cell elements in the infection
      foci, the character of interaction of the quantitative and functional parameters
      of the local reaction and interrelationship between the phagocytic activity and
      the enzymatic balance of the cells. They increased the effect of the macrophages
      on migration and the functional state of the neutrophiles.

PMID- 6385833
TI  - [Antibacterial preparations against nonsporulating anaerobic bacteria].

PMID- 6385834
TI  - [7-chloro-7-deoxylincomycin (clindamycin)].

PMID- 6385835
TI  - Empirical antibacterial therapy in febrile, granulocytopenic bone marrow
      transplant patients.
AB  - Fifty febrile, granulocytopenic allogeneic bone marrow transplant patients
      receiving prophylactic trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were randomized to one of
      two empirical antibiotic regimens to determine whether a shortened course of
      empirical therapy was beneficial. Of the 50 patients, 25 received empirical
      tobramycin and ticarcillin for only 3 days, and 25 were maintained on empirical
      tobramycin and ticarcillin until they were afebrile and no longer
      granulocytopenic. Although the incidence of bacterial infections in the two
      groups was not statistically significantly different, almost twice as many
      bacterial infections were observed in the group that received the short course of
      empirical therapy. Furthermore, because of the high incidence of bacterial
      infection and clinical concerns about occult bacterial sepsis, within 2 weeks of
      the randomization the overall use of parenteral antibacterial agents was similar
      in both groups. The incidence of invasive fungal disease and the use of
      amphotericin B therapy were similar in both groups. The results of this study
      suggest that little clinical benefit is likely to be seen in bone marrow
      transplant patients treated with short-course empirical tobramycin and
      ticarcillin, despite the administration of prophylactic trimethoprim
      sulfamethoxazole, and emphasize the need for new strategies to prevent infections
      with gram-positive and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant gram-negative
      bacteria in these patients.

PMID- 6385836
TI  - New polymeric biocides: synthesis and antibacterial activities of polycations
      with pendant biguanide groups.
AB  - Acrylate monomers with pendant biguanide groups were successfully synthesized,
      and their homopolymers and copolymers were prepared with acrylamide. These
      cationic disinfectants of polymeric forms exhibited high antibacterial activity
      against gram-positive bacteria, whereas they were less active against gram
      negative bacteria. It was found that the activity of the polymeric disinfectants
      was much higher than that of the monomeric species, and the difference in
      activity between the polymers and the monomers was discussed on the basis of
      their contributions to each elementary process of the lethal action.

PMID- 6385837
TI  - Therapeutic relevance of penicillin-induced hypersensitivity of Staphylococcus
      aureus to killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - There is an overwhelming body of evidence that certain Staphylococcus aureus
      strains become more sensitive to killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes after
      their growth in media containing subinhibitory concentrations of penicillin.
      However, it is not clear to what extent this phenomenon contributes to the
      curative effect of penicillin in vivo. To explore its therapeutic relevance, we
      evaluated the interaction of staphylococci pretreated with penicillin in vitro
      with leukocytes in cell-proof diffusion chambers (porosity, 0.22 micron)
      implanted subcutaneously in rabbits. Under this in vivo environment,
      staphylococci pretreated with penicillin remained hypersensitive to leukocyte
      killing as under in vitro conditions. Furthermore, when the staphylococci were
      mixed with the leukocytes in chambers implanted intraperitoneally in mice which
      subsequently received intravenously a suboptimal dose of penicillin, they also
      became hypersensitive to leukocytic killing. However, because the staphylococcal
      growth rate was considerably reduced in vivo, the degree of penicillin-induced
      sensitivity to leukocytic killing was smaller than that obtained in test tube
      cultures; nevertheless, the enhanced killing was significant. Additional support
      that the curative effect of penicillin partly depends on its synergistic action
      with the leukocytes was provided by the relative decrease in virulence of
      staphylococci pretreated with penicillin in mice in which the cellular host
      defenses were already recruited at the focus of inoculation. These observations
      indicate that penicillin-induced hypersensitivity of staphylococci to leukocytic
      killing is not only an in vitro phenomenon, but an effect which has therapeutic
      relevance.

PMID- 6385838
TI  - Furazolidone versus ampicillin in the treatment of traveler's diarrhea.
AB  - Ninety-four U.S. students who acquired diarrhea in Mexico were treated with
      furazolidone (47 subjects) or ampicillin (47 subjects) on a double-blind random
      basis. Of 47 students, 26 (55%) who received furazolidone (100 mg four times
      daily for 5 days) recovered from illness within 48 h after initiation of therapy,
      in contrast to 15 of 47 (32%) who received ampicillin (500 mg four times daily
      for 5 days) (P less than 0.05). Altogether, 74% of students treated with
      furazolidone and 49% of those receiving ampicillin were well within 72 h (P less
      than 0.05). When furazolidone was compared with ampicillin, clinical illness was
      shortened on the average from 65 to 61 h for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
      diarrhea, from 83 to 58 h for shigellosis, from 82 to 51 h for diarrhea
      unassociated with a detectable agent, and from 72 to 57 h for all cases
      irrespective of etiology. Although not dramatically effective in the current
      trial, the broad spectrum of activity of furazolidone is of interest. Because of
      in vitro activity against Campylobacter strains and known effectiveness in
      treating giardiasis, furazolidone should be considered in therapy for diarrhea of
      unknown etiology in certain settings when laboratory processing of stools for
      etiological agent is not feasible.

PMID- 6385839
TI  - Efficacy of liposome-intercalated amphotericin B in the treatment of systemic
      candidiasis in mice.
AB  - We developed a liposome-intercalated preparation of amphotericin B by using
      small, unilamellar vesicles 0.06 to 0.1 micron in diameter. In contrast to
      previously described liposomal preparations of amphotericin B, these vesicles
      have the advantage that they are small enough to be filter sterilized. We
      compared the efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B with that of the commercial
      drug given as an intravenous bolus every other day for 13 days (seven doses) in
      mice with disseminated candidiasis. Survival rates were similar for the two
      preparations at each dosage of amphotericin B; however, the highest survival
      rates occurred at dosages of liposomal amphotericin B which would be lethal to
      these animals if administered as the commercial drug. Viable colony counts of
      fungi in various organs, particularly the kidneys, tended to be lower with
      increasing dosage of the drug. However, some organisms persisted even after 13
      days. These studies indicate that liposomal formulations of amphotericin B merit
      further investigation because of their improved therapeutic margins.

PMID- 6385840
TI  - Correlation of in vitro activities of cephalothin and ceftazidime with their
      efficacies in the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in rabbits.
AB  - Rabbits with Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis were treated with cephalothin or
      ceftazidime to determine whether differences in in vitro activity would result in
      differences in in vivo efficacy. Antibiotics were administered in doses
      equivalent to maximum recommended human doses, and results of laboratory tests to
      predict antimicrobial efficacy were determined during treatment. Cephalothin and
      ceftazidime MICs for the challenge strain were 0.5 and 8 micrograms/ml,
      respectively. MBCs were 32 and greater than 128 micrograms/ml, respectively. With
      peak sera, laboratory results (means) for cephalothin and ceftazidime were as
      follows: ratios of concentration in serum to MIC, 300 and 16; ratios of
      concentration in serum to MBC, 4.8 and less than 1; bacteriostatic antibacterial
      activity titers in serum, 1:256 and 1:16; and bactericidal antibacterial activity
      titers in serum, 1:16 and 1:4, respectively. Trough sera contained little or no
      measurable antibiotic and had no antibacterial activity. Both cephalothin and
      ceftazidime were efficacious in the treatment of infected rabbits. There were no
      statistically significant differences in efficacy as defined by survival,
      eradication of bacteremia, or sterilization of cardiac vegetations. Results of
      laboratory tests which quantitated antimicrobial activity did not correlate with
      efficacy, either independent of antibiotic or adjusted for antibiotic. Despite
      their lesser in vitro activities, the new cephalosporins may be equivalent to the
      older cephalosporins for treating staphylococcal infections in humans, when
      administered in maximum recommended doses.

PMID- 6385841
TI  - Drinking behavior is modulated by CNS administration of opioids in the rat.
AB  - While opiate antagonists have been shown to reliably attenuate drinking following
      both central and peripheral administration, relatively few data exist on the
      effects of agonist agents on this behavior. To address this issue, two opiate
      agonists, morphine sulfate, a mu agonist, and [D-ala2, D-leu5]-enkephalin
      (DADLE), a semi-synthetic delta analog of a delta agonist, were administered into
      several CNS sites in rats. There was a dose-related, naloxone-reversible
      reduction of water intake following morphine injections into the lateral
      hypothalamus (LH) and preoptic area (POA). In addition, injections of DADLE also
      attenuated drinking when injected into LH and POA, but not following the ventral
      tegmental area or zona incerta administration. These data are discussed in view
      of a role for the endogenous opioid peptides in the regulation of drinking
      behavior.

PMID- 6385842
TI  - Stress, endogenous opioids and salt intake.
AB  - The effect of stress on NaCl intake was examined in mice given a choice of water
      and 1.5% NaCl to drink. Immobilization of mice for 15-min and 24-h food
      deprivation resulted in a 2.5- and 5-fold increases in NaCl intake, respectively,
      without affecting water intake. Naloxone treatment (0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg)
      produced a dose-dependent decrease in the stress-induced NaCl intake, as did
      captopril treatment (5, 10 and 50 mg/kg). Intraventricular injection of
      angiotensin II in mice resulted in an increase in 1.5% NaCl intake, which was
      blocked by naloxone. Morphine (10 mg/kg) increased the preference of mice for a
      normally aversive 3.0% NaCl solution, but not for preferred, less concentrated,
      solutions of NaCl. The results suggest that both endogenous opioids and
      angiotensin II contribute to stress-induced NaCl intake, and that endogenous
      opioids may also mediate the increase in NaCl intake, observed with angiotensin
      II.

PMID- 6385843
TI  - Trypsin-like enzyme from Streptomyces 771. Purification and properties of native
      and immobilized enzyme.
AB  - Electrophoretically homogeneous proteolytic enzyme with molecular weight 31,500
      and pI 3.75 was obtained from a culture medium of Streptomyces 771 by
      chromatography on N-benzyl chitin adsorbent, subsequent chromatography on CM
      cellulose, and preparative isofocusing and chromatography on Sephadex G-75. The
      enzyme hydrolyzes N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide N-benzoyl-DL-lysine-p
      nitro-anilide N-benzoyl-DL-arginine ethyl ester, and Na-caseinate. It also
      exhibits pronounced thrombolytic activity. The activity of the enzyme was
      suppressed by soya bean inhibitor, but remained unaffected by chelating agents
      and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. The enzyme was immobilized on aldehyde
      dextran, and some kinetic parameters of the immobilized enzyme were determined.
      The thrombolytic activity of native and immobilized enzyme was studied as well.

PMID- 6385845
TI  - Evaluation of a fluorogenic assay for detection of Escherichia coli in foods.
AB  - A fluorogenic assay procedure with 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide
      incorporated into lauryl sulfate broth was evaluated to detect and confirm the
      presence of Escherichia coli in foods. Fluorescence is indicative of the presence
      of E. coli; extensive biochemical confirmation is unnecessary with this assay.
      The 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide assay was tested concurrently with
      our present methodology for detection of E. coli on 270 samples of raw
      ingredients and powdered food products. Total agreement between the two methods
      was 94.8%; there was a false-positive rate of 4.8% and no false-negatives. We
      found the 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide assay to be rapid, accurate,
      simple to perform, and inexpensive.

PMID- 6385844
TI  - The study of ligand-protein interactions utilizing affinity chromatography.

PMID- 6385846
TI  - Evidence for the role of copper in the injury process of coliform bacteria in
      drinking water.
AB  - Low levels of copper in chlorine-free distribution water caused injury of
      coliform populations. Monitoring of 44 drinking water samples indicated that 64%
      of the coliform population was injured. Physical and chemical parameters were
      measured, including three heavy metals (Cu, Cd, and Pb). Copper concentrations
      were important, ranging from 0.007 to 0.54 mg/liter. Statistical analyses of
      these factors were used to develop a model to predict coliform injury. The model
      predicted almost 90% injury with a copper concentration near the mean observed
      value (0.158 mg/liter) in distribution waters. Laboratory studies with copper
      concentrations of 0.025 and 0.050 mg/liter in an inorganic carbon buffer under
      controlled conditions of temperature and pH caused over 90% injury within 6 and 2
      days, respectively. Studies of the metabolism of injured Escherichia coli cells
      indicated that the respiratory chain is at least one site of damage in injured
      cells.

PMID- 6385847
TI  - Characterization of a halo-acid-tolerant variant of Clostridium botulinum B
      aphis.
AB  - Clostridium botulinum B-aphis spores plated on medium containing 4% salt at pH
      6.0 yielded colonies at a frequency of ca. 1 in 10(6). A subculture of one of
      these colonies, designated strain Ba410, was compared with the parent strain, B
      aphis, for a variety of traits. After 7 days of incubation at 37 degrees C,
      strain Ba410 grew in medium containing 7% NaCl, whereas strain B-aphis could not
      grow in salt concentrations greater than 5%. The strains also differed in
      cellular and colonial morphology. After exponential growth in the basal medium
      was completed, lysis of both strains was pH dependent; in media containing salt,
      lysis of Ba410 cells was pH independent. Strain Ba410 was more proteolytic than
      strain B-aphis in conditions of low pH and high salt, so that its toxin could be
      detected by the mouse assay. In a medium containing alanine and cysteine, the
      germination rate of B-aphis was 0.77% min-1, whereas that of Ba410 was 0.14% min
      1; 2% salt inhibited the germination of Ba410 but not B-aphis.

PMID- 6385848
TI  - Isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila from a metropolitan water supply: seasonal
      correlation with clinical isolates.
AB  - The occurrence of Aeromonas spp. in the metropolitan water supply of Perth,
      Western Australia, Australia, was monitored at several sampling points during a
      period of 1 year. Water within the distribution system conformed to international
      standards for drinking water but contained Aeromonas spp. in numbers comparable
      to those in raw surface water, although this water was free of Escherichia coli.
      Coliforms and E. coli were found in raw surface waters, and Aeromonas spp. were
      found in raw water from surface and underground sources. Chemical treatment,
      followed by chlorination at service reservoirs, resulted in water free of E. coli
      and a decrease in the number of Aeromonas spp. Aeromonas spp. were found in the
      greatest numbers in summer. Multiple regression analysis showed that growth of
      Aeromonas spp. in chlorinated water was related to water temperature, residual
      chlorine, and interaction between these variables. The incidence of Aeromonas
      associated gastroenteritis, determined from isolates referred to us for
      enterotoxin testing, paralleled the pattern of isolation of Aeromonas spp. in
      water within the distribution systems. We suggest that the presence of Aeromonas
      spp. in drinking water needs public health appraisal and that further work should
      be undertaken to permit reevaluation of standards for the quality of drinking
      water.

PMID- 6385849
TI  - Evaluation of m-T7 agar as a fecal coliform medium.
AB  - m-T7 agar, designed to improve recoveries of injured total coliforms, was
      evaluated for its effectiveness as a fecal coliform medium. The time and
      temperature of preincubation were found to be crucial to the optimal recovery of
      fetal coliforms. Isolation rates for fecal coliforms on m-T7 agar from sewage
      effluents were the highest when plates were preincubated at 37 degrees C for 8 h
      before transfer to 44.5 degrees C for 12 h. The medium was found to produce
      consistently higher fecal coliform counts than all the other methods tested.
      Recoveries were 3.1 times greater than the standard m-FC method and 1.7 times
      greater than the two-layer enrichment, temperature acclimation procedure.
      Verification rates for fecal coliforms isolated on m-T7 agar averaged 89.0%,
      whereas verification rates for m-FC agar averaged only 82.8%. Both media isolated
      similar fecal coliform populations. The advantages of a single medium, highly
      effective for the isolation of both total and fecal coliforms, are discussed.

PMID- 6385850
TI  - Survey of sensitivity of twelve yeast genera toward T-2 toxin.
AB  - A survey was made to detect the sensitivity of 12 yeast genera to T-2 toxin.
      Seventy-five yeasts isolated from various sources were tested for their
      susceptibility to T-2 toxin. The MIC of T-2 for these yeasts varied from 1.0 to
      greater than 8.0 micrograms/ml. Of the yeasts studied, Kluyveromyces fragilis
      showed the greatest sensitivity, which ranged between 0.5 and 2.5 micrograms of T
      2 toxin per ml of culture medium. The roles of incubation temperature, size of
      the inoculum, and incubation time on the MICs were determined. The results
      suggest that in comparison with other yeasts, K. fragilis is very sensitive to T
      2 toxin.

PMID- 6385851
TI  - Removal and inactivation of bacteria during alum treatment of a lake.
AB  - Flocculation and removal of bacteria were observed during two separate aluminum
      sulfate (alum) treatments for removal of phosphorus from a eutrophic recreational
      lake. In addition, die-off and release of bacteria from alum floc were studied in
      columns under laboratory conditions. Membrane filtration and spread plates were
      used to determine concentrations of indicator species and total cultivatable
      bacteria, respectively. During the alum treatment of the lake, 90% of the fecal
      coliform (FC) population and ca. 70% of the fecal streptococci population were
      removed from the water column within 72 h. Numbers of FC in the floc on the lake
      bottom exceeded 2,400/100 ml at 120 h compared with the pretreatment
      concentration of 30 FC/100 ml. Inactivation of FC in the floc proceeded at a rate
      of 200 FC/100 ml per 24 h. In a second alum application to the lake, 95% of the
      total culturable bacterial population was removed from the water column. In a
      laboratory column study of survival and release rates, over 90% of an Escherichia
      coli suspension was concentrated in a floc formed at the bottom. E. coli was not
      released from the floc. The numbers of and survival of E. coli in the floc
      suggest the probable concentration of other enteric organisms, including
      pathogens. Thus, the floc poses a potential human health risk if ingested by
      swimmers or if others use the lake as a potable water source.

PMID- 6385853
TI  - Improved bacterial recovery by membrane filters in the presence of food debris.
AB  - In the absence of food debris, m-FC agar counts of Escherichia coli on Oxoid
      Nuflow membrane filters (Oxoid Canada Inc., Nepean, Ontario, Canada) were lower
      than the corresponding surface plate counts. For seven food types tested,
      recovery of E. coli improved with increasing thickness of food debris on the
      membrane filter, and mats thicker than 0.5 micron protected the organism
      completely.

PMID- 6385852
TI  - Simple field method for concentration of viruses from large volumes of water.
AB  - A pressure spray tank was adapted to supply positive pressure for processing
      water samples for concentrating viruses with microporous filters under field
      conditions. This low-cost system allows water to be processed in locations where
      electric current is not readily available or where light-weight portable
      equipment is required.

PMID- 6385854
TI  - Effects of short-term cold storage on recovery of proteases from extracellular
      products of Aeromonas hydrophila.
AB  - Three protease-containing fractions were recovered by gel filtration from
      concentrated crude extracellular products produced by Aeromonas hydrophila grown
      in a defined medium. The recovery of a heat-stable protease was differentially
      prevented when the crude preparation was stored for 48 h at -20 degrees C but was
      unaffected by storage of the crude preparation at either 4 or -70 degrees C. Once
      fractionated, the heat-stable protease appeared to be unaffected by subsequent
      storage at 4, -20, or -70 degrees C.

PMID- 6385855
TI  - Occurrence of multiple forms of alcohol dehydrogenase in Penicillium supplemented
      with 2,3-butanediol.
AB  - The NAD-dependent oxidation of ethanol, 2,3-butanediol, and other primary and
      secondary alcohols, catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenases derived from Penicillium
      charlesii, was investigated. Alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH-I, was purified to
      homogeneity in a yield of 54%. The enzyme utilizes several primary alcohols as
      substrates, with Km values of the order of 10(-4) M. A Km value of 60 mM was
      obtained for R,R,-2,3-butanediol. The stereospecificity of the oxidation of 2
      butanol was investigated, and S-(+)-2-butanol was found to be oxidized 2.4 times
      faster than was R-(-)-2-butanol. The reduction of 2-butanone was shown to produce
      S-(+)-2-butanol and R-(-)-butanol in a ratio of 7:3. ADH-I is the primary isozyme
      of alcohol dehydrogenase present in cultures utilizing glucose as the sole carbon
      source. The level of alcohol dehydrogenase activity increased 7.6-fold in mycelia
      from cultures grown with glucose and 2,3-butanediol (0.5%) as carbon sources
      compared with the activity in cultures grown on only glucose. Two additional
      forms of alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH-II and ADH-III, were present in the cultures
      supplemented with 2,3-butanediol. These forms of alcohol dehydrogenase catalyze
      the oxidation of ethanol and 2,3-butanediol. These data suggest that P. charlesii
      carries out an oxidation of 2,3-butanediol which may constitute the first
      reaction in the degradation of 2,3-butanediol as well as the last reaction in the
      mixed-acid fermentation. Alcohol dehydrogenase activities in P. charlesii may be
      encoded by multiple genes, one which is expressed constitutively and others whose
      expression is inducible by 2,3-butanediol.

PMID- 6385856
TI  - Formation of beta,gamma-methylene-7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate from
      beta,gamma-methyleneguanosine 5'-triphosphate by GTP cyclohydrolase I of
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - GTP cyclohydrolase I of Escherichia coli converts [beta,gamma-methylene] GTP to a
      fluorescent product that is characterized as [beta,gamma
      methylene]dihydroneopterin triphosphate. Interaction between the GTP analog and
      the enzyme gave a Ki of 3.0 microM, which may be compared to the Km of 0.1 microM
      for GTP. This new analog of dihydroneopterin triphosphate may, in turn, be
      converted to the same greenish-yellow pteridines (compounds X, X1, and X2) that
      are obtained from dihydroneopterin triphosphate. Because of its stability to
      phosphatase action, this analog may be useful for studies in pteridine
      metabolism.

PMID- 6385857
TI  - Tissue specificity of 3'-untranslated sequence of myosin light chain gene:
      unexpected interspecies homology with repetitive DNA.
AB  - Using the 3' noncoding and coding sequences of chick heart myosin light chain
      mRNA cloned into Escherichia coli as probes, it was observed that, while the
      coding sequence shared homology with myosin light-chain mRNAs from other sources,
      the 3' noncoding sequence was specific for chick heart muscle. This property was
      used to detect chick heart-specific myosin light-chain gene activity in chick
      blastoderms of very early developmental stages where cells of different muscle
      origins cannot be distinguished morphologically. However, in spite of the tissue
      specific divergence of the 3' noncoding sequence of myosin light-chain gene,
      which is present in a single copy in the chick genome, a surprising homology with
      DNA from such a diverse source like Dictyostelium discoideum was noted. The
      sequence homologous to chick myosin light-chain DNA was apparently present in a
      high repetition frequency in the Dictyostelium genome.

PMID- 6385858
TI  - The long-term effect of glucagon on pyruvate kinase activity in primary cultures
      of hepatocytes.
AB  - Glucagon caused a marked decrease in the total L-pyruvate kinase activity of
      control hepatocytes maintained in monolayer culture (t1/2 = 54 h), while the
      addition of insulin to hepatocytes isolated from a fasted rat caused a four- to
      fivefold increase in the total enzyme activity. Maintenance of L-pyruvate kinase
      in control cultures of hepatocytes was shown to require insulin. However, when 1
      microM glucagon was present in the medium, the total L-pyruvate kinase activity
      was not maintained even in the presence of 1 microM insulin, but rather the total
      L-pyruvate kinase activity of the cells steadily declined from 12.1 to 5.7
      units/mg DNA by the 6th day in culture. The increase in the total L-pyruvate
      kinase activity of fasted hepatocytes cultured in the presence of insulin was
      shown to result from an increase in protein synthesis, since actinomycin D and
      cycloheximide blocked the insulin-induced increase in the enzyme activity. The
      addition of 1 microM glucagon to cultures of fasted hepatocytes also blocked the
      insulin-induced increase in total L-pyruvate kinase activity. Since glucagon
      decreased the total L-pyruvate kinase activity in control hepatocytes and blocked
      the increase in L-pyruvate kinase activity in fasted hepatocytes, it is suggested
      that, in addition to the phosphorylation of L-pyruvate kinase by a cAMP-dependent
      protein kinase, glucagon also acts to decrease the synthesis of L-pyruvate kinase
      in vitro.

PMID- 6385859
TI  - Atrial tissue contains a metallo dipeptidyl carboxyhydrolase not present in
      ventricular tissue: partial purification and characterization.
AB  - A new membrane-bound dipeptidyl carboxyhydrolase has been identified in bovine
      atrial tissue, and has been partially purified after extraction with Triton X
      100. This enzyme, found in quantities of 0.01-0.03 units/g tissue assayed with Bz
      Gly-His-Leu, is potentially capable of hydrolyzing atriopeptin II to atriopeptin
      I. The enzyme is located in the microsomal fraction and in sucrose density
      fractions enriched for atrial granules. The enzyme is completely inhibited by
      reagents for heavy metals such as EDTA, o-phenanthroline, dithiothreitol, and
      mercaptoethanol. The latter two compounds are also disulfide reagents. The atrial
      enzyme is also inhibited by D-2-methyl-3-mercaptopropanoyl-L-Pro(Captopril), 3
      mercaptopropanoyl-L-Pro, 2-D-methylsuccinyl-L-Pro, and bradykinin potentiating
      factor, all inhibitors of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme. However, the
      atrial enzyme differs from the converting enzyme in a number of kinetic and
      molecular properties. Its activity increases with ionic strength, but the atrial
      enzyme does not have a chloride dependence for Bz-Gly-His-Leu hydrolysis; the pH
      optimum, 7.3, is slightly lower, and it is 5500 times less sensitive to the very
      potent converting enzyme inhibitor, D-Cys-L-Pro. The strokes radius of the atrial
      enzyme is 5.00 nm as compared to 4.10 nm, and its molecular weight is 240,000
      compared to 145,000. Ventricular tissue, which does not contain the atrial
      peptides, does not contain the dipeptidyl carboxyhydrolase enzyme.

PMID- 6385860
TI  - Reconstitution of the lipid-depleted pyruvate oxidase system of Escherichia coli:
      the palmitic acid effect.
AB  - Previous work has shown that the coupling of the soluble Escherichia coli
      pyruvate oxidase to a lipid-depleted membrane terminal electron transport system
      requires the addition of ubiquinone and a neutral lipid fraction (C. Cunningham
      and L. P. Hager (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 7139-7146). The active factor present
      in the neutral lipid fraction has now been isolated and characterized. NMR, uv,
      and mass spectroscopic analysis identifies palmitic acid as the active component.
      A comparison of palmitic acid with other fatty acids of varying chain lengths
      indicates that most fatty acids having chain lengths in the range C12 to C20 have
      comparable activity to palmitic acid. Exceptions are stearic and arachidic acid
      which have greatly reduced activity. Fatty acids of C6 to C10 chain length showed
      about one third the activity of palmitic acid. Fatty acids having chain lengths
      of 2 to 5 carbon atoms are essentially inactive. The carboxyl function of the
      fatty acid is required for activity. Derivatives of fatty acids in which the
      carboxyl group had been modified to an alcohol, aldehyde, or methyl ester
      function show greatly diminished activity. Both the cis and trans forms of
      unsaturated long-chain fatty acids are active. The stimulation of the electron
      transfer reaction by fatty acids occurs at the ubiquinone level of the electron
      transport chain. Ubiquinone-30 is rapidly reduced by pyruvate oxidase only in the
      presence of palmitic acid.

PMID- 6385861
TI  - Comparison of the properties of two hydrogenases from the photosynthetic
      bacterium Chromatium vinosum.
AB  - Chromatium vinosum hydrogenases I and II were purified to specific activities of
      9.6 and 28.0 units/mg protein, respectively. They have the same isoelectric point
      (pI = 4.1), and their visible spectra are typical of iron-sulfur proteins.
      Hydrogenase II in general was more stable than hydrogenase I. Both enzymes lost
      their activities slowly during storage in air, and this inactivation was more
      apparent in preparations of hydrogenase I. Bovine serum albumin helped to
      stabilize hydrogenase I against thermal and storage inactivation. The pH optima
      of H2-evolution activity of hydrogenases I and II were 7.4 and 5.4, respectively.
      Neither enzyme was able to evolve H2 from reduced ferredoxins as the sole
      electron carrier, but ferredoxins had an effect on the activity with methyl
      viologen as carrier to hydrogenase I. None of the natural compounds tested was
      able to serve as a physiological donor for H2 production. Hydrogenase I was more
      susceptible than hydrogenase II to inhibition by heavy metal ions and other
      enzyme inhibitors. Both enzymes were reversibly inhibited by CO with Ki values of
      12 and 6 Torr for hydrogenase I and II, respectively. Hydrogenase I was more
      sensitive to denaturation by urea and guanidinium chloride while hydrogenase II
      was more susceptible to sodium dodecyl sulfate. Both enzymes were rapidly and
      irreversibly inactivated by dimethyl sulfoxide. Hydrogenase I evolved H2 from
      methyl viologen and ferredoxin photoreduced by chloroplasts. The enzymes differed
      in their iron and acid-labile sulfur contents.

PMID- 6385862
TI  - [Bone marrow transplantation].
AB  - One hundred seventy-one of cases bone marrow transplantation (BMT), including 132
      allogeneic, 16 syngeneic and 23 autologous, were recorded in Japan during the
      period from September 1975 through March 1984. The number of BMT cases increase
      showed a rapid chronological i.e., 16 cases in 1980, 27 in 1981, 39 in 1982 and
      57 in 1983. All cases were treated in clean rooms, and many of them received
      intensive gut decontamination using Vancomycin.

PMID- 6385863
TI  - [Evaluation of immune status in gastric cancer using Su-Ps skin test].
AB  - Immunotherapy for gastric cancer has been adopted by any institutes recently.
      However, immunoparameters which exactly express patients' immune status have not
      been determined. In this study, the Su-Ps skin test was tried to evaluate whether
      or not this reaction could become a usable immunoparameter. Conclusions were as
      follows: 1) Late-stage patients showed a significantly weak response in the Su-Ps
      skin test compared to early-stage patients when examined preoperatively. 2) Su-Ps
      skin reaction became stronger after gastrectomy in early-stage patients, while
      the contrary result was observed in late-stage patients. 3) Postoperative Su-Ps
      skin tests showed a stronger response than preoperative tests regardless of the
      patients' stage, when patients received OK-432 treatment. The Su-Ps skin test
      reaction seemed to be well-correlated with the patients' immune status as above,
      so that this test can be chosen for evaluation of immunotherapy.

PMID- 6385864
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of tumors of the kidney and retroperitoneum].

PMID- 6385865
TI  - Pustulosis vegetans.
AB  - Sterile pustules and crusted vegetative plaques on the trunk and limbs developed
      in a 24-year-old man. They left cribriform scars after healing. Histologically,
      the lesions showed epidermal proliferation and pustulosis resembling that found
      in "pyoderma vegetans" and pemphigus vegetans. The lesions were effectively
      suppressed in two months by the topical application of methoxsalen followed by UV
      A irradiation. Studies revealed that the chemotactic activity of
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in the patient's peripheral blood was
      enhanced and that an extract of lesional crusty scales showed the presence of a
      PMN chemotactic factor. This factor had a molecular weight near 12,500 daltons
      similar to that reported in psoriasis scales. We speculate that tissue
      destruction due to complement activation, possibly induced by immune complex
      mediated reactions in the dermis, provoked a process of transepithelial
      elimination of the inflammatory products.

PMID- 6385866
TI  - James Spence medallist 1984: James William Bruce Douglas.

PMID- 6385867
TI  - Diabetes. II. Strict glycaemic control.

PMID- 6385869
TI  - Extrahepatic biliary obstruction due to stone.
AB  - Jaundice developing after the neonatal period requires prompt investigation.
      Surgical causes of cholestatic jaundice, apart from extrahepatic biliary atresia
      and choledochal cyst, are rare. We describe a case of bile duct dilatation
      associated with an impacted calculus at the ampulla of Vater in a haemophiliac.
      The ultrasound finding of a dilated duct was an indication to proceed to surgery.

PMID- 6385870
TI  - Ultrasound diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal reflux.

PMID- 6385868
TI  - Antacids and cimetidine treatment for gastro-oesophageal reflux and peptic
      oesophagitis.
AB  - Thirty three children aged 2 to 42 months (mean 9 months) with gastro-oesophageal
      reflux and peptic oesophagitis took part in a treatment trial comparing
      cimetidine (20 mg/kg/day) with an intensive regimen of antacids (Maalox, 700 mmol
      (mEq)/1 X 73 m2/day). All children were evaluated clinically and by radiology,
      acid reflux test, and endoscopy. After 12 weeks of treatment all were again
      evaluated clinically, by pH measurement, and endoscopy. Twenty nine children, 15
      on antacid and 14 on cimetidine, completed the trial. Eight patients on antacid
      and seven on cimetidine were cured; five on antacid and six on cimetidine
      improved; and two patients on antacid and one on cimetidine underwent surgery.
      Both groups of children showed a statistically significant reduction in the score
      of clinical, pH, and endoscopic variables after treatment. Lower oesophageal
      sphincter pressure before treatment did not correlate significantly with the
      final total score. Antacids in large quantities are as effective as cimetidine in
      medical treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux and peptic oesophagitis.

PMID- 6385871
TI  - Distribution of monkey esophagus antigens reactive with IgA-class antibodies in
      the sera of dermatitis herpetiformis patients.
AB  - Antibodies of IgA class reactive to the lining of the smooth muscle bundles,
      i.e., endomysium (EmA), are present in the sera of patients with dermatitis
      herpetiformis and coeliac disease. These antibodies can be detected on monkey
      esophagus, a substrate of choice for pemphigus and pemphigoid antibodies. The
      amount of antigen reactive with IgA-EmA is greatest in the lower portion of the
      esophagus and decreases towards the uppermost part.

PMID- 6385872
TI  - Interleukin-2 production in bullous pemphigoid.

PMID- 6385873
TI  - Strategies for the control of ascariasis.

PMID- 6385874
TI  - One hundred pancreas transplants at a single institution.
AB  - Clinical pancreas transplantation at the University of Minnesota began in 1966.
      An initial series of 14 whole pancreas grafts was reported in part to the
      American Surgical Association in 1970. Only one patient survived for more than 1
      year with a functioning graft. Twenty attempts at islet allotransplantation in
      the mid-1970s were unsuccessful. In 1978 we resumed performing pancreas
      transplants by the segmental technique, allowing the use of related donors. The
      current series (July 25, 1978 to December 20, 1983) includes 86 pancreas
      transplants (51 cadaver, 35 related) in 75 patients (41 with and 34 without
      previous kidney grafts). Variations in management of the pancreatic duct include
      three ligated, 15 duct-open, 39 duct-injected, and 29 pancreaticojejunostomies.
      The latter technique is currently preferred. Currently (April 1984) 61 patients
      are alive (81%), 24 have functioning grafts (32%), and 21 are insulin-independent
      (28%), three with open-duct grafts for 4.4 to 5.7 years, seven with silicone
      injected grafts from 10 to 39 months, and 14 with pancreaticojejunostomies for 3
      to 31 months; 15 of the grafts have functioned for greater than 1 year. Twenty
      two of the grafts (25%) failed for technical reasons (thrombosis, infection, or
      ascites); 35 grafts functioned for 1 to 13 months before totally failing from
      either rejection, fibrosis, or recurrent disease; five patients died with
      functioning grafts. The graft survival rate has been higher for pancreases from
      related (15/35, 43% functioning) than from cadaver (9/51, 18% functioning)
      donors. The success rate has increased, e.g., 11/22 recipients of pancreas
      transplants in 1983 currently have functioning grafts (50%). Metabolic studies
      show most patients with functioning grafts to be euglycemic; however, three of 24
      have chronic hyperglycemia unless supplemented with insulin, but they are no
      longer ketosis-prone. Glucose tolerance test results are normal or nearly normal
      in 12 and abnormal in 12 of the recipients with currently functioning grafts.
      Regression of diabetic nephropathy has been documented in two long-term
      recipients. Pancreas transplantation is currently applicable as treatment for
      selected diabetics who have demonstrated their propensity to develop serious
      secondary complications.

PMID- 6385875
TI  - Supplemental vitamin A prevents the acute radiation-induced defect in wound
      healing.
AB  - Acute radiation injury leads to thymic involution, adrenal enlargement,
      leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, gastrointestinal ulceration, and impaired wound
      healing. The authors hypothesized that supplemental vitamin A would mitigate
      these adverse effects in rats exposed to acute whole-body radiation. This
      hypothesis was based on previous experiments in their laboratory that showed that
      supplemental vitamin A is thymotropic for normal rodents and lessens the thymic
      involution, lymphopenia, and adrenal enlargement that follows stress, trauma, and
      neoplasia, largely obviates the impaired wound healing induced by the
      radiomimetic drugs streptozotocin and cyclophosphamide, lessens the systemic
      response (thymic involution, adrenal enlargement, leukopenia, lymphocytopenia) to
      local radiation, and shifts the median lethal dose (LD50/30) following whole-body
      radiation to the right. To test their hypothesis, dorsal skin incisions and
      subcutaneous implantation of polyvinyl alcohol sponges were performed in
      anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats at varying times following sham radiation or
      varying doses of whole-body radiation (175-850 rad). In each experiment, the
      control diet [which contains about 18,000 IU vit. A/kg chow (3 X the NRC RDA for
      normal rats)] was supplemented with 150,000 IU vit. A/kg diet beginning at,
      before, or after sham radiation and wounding or radiation and wounding. The
      supplemental vitamin A prevented the impaired wound healing and lessened the
      weight loss, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, thymic involution, adrenal
      enlargement, decrease in splenic weight, and gastric ulceration of the radiated
      (750-850 rad) wounded rats. This was true whether the supplemental vitamin A was
      begun before (2 or 4 days) or after (1-2 hours to 4 days) radiation and wounding;
      the supplemental vitamin A was more effective when started before or up to 2 days
      after radiation and wounding. The authors believe that prevention of the impaired
      wound healing following radiation by supplemental vitamin A is due to its
      enhancing the early inflammatory reaction to wounding, including increasing the
      number of monocytes and macrophages at the wound site; possible effect on
      modulating collagenase activity; effect on epithelial cell (and possible
      mesenchymal cell) differentiation; stimulation of immune responsiveness; and
      lessening of the adverse effects of radiation.

PMID- 6385876
TI  - Venous bypass in clinical liver transplantation.
AB  - A venous bypass technique (BP) that does not require the use of systemic
      anticoagulation is used routinely at our institution in all adult patients during
      the anhepatic phase of liver transplantation (LT). Complete cardiopulmonary
      profiles were obtained in a subset of 28 consecutive cases. During the anhepatic
      phase while on bypass, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, and
      pulmonary arterial wedge pressure were maintained at prehepatectomy levels.
      Oxygen consumption fell secondary to a decrease in temperature and the removal of
      the liver. Consequently, cardiac index fell without an increase in arterial
      venous O2 content difference, reflecting adequate tissue oxygenation. Compared
      with 63 patients in a previous series given LT without bypass (NBP), the 57 total
      BP patients experienced better postoperative renal function (p less than 0.001),
      required less blood use during surgery (p less than 0.01), and had better
      survival 30 days after LT. The equivalency of 90-day survival in these groups
      results from the lack of effect of BP on the long-term survival of patients
      considered at high risk for metabolic reasons. BP patients at high risk for
      technical considerations, however, survived LT whereas NBP patients did not. BP
      offers other advantages important in establishing LT as a service-oriented
      procedure.

PMID- 6385877
TI  - Cadaver donor renal transplantation by centers of the South-Eastern Organ
      Procurement Foundation. The prospective study after 6.5 years and 3811
      allografts.
AB  - After 6.5 years, the SEOPF prospective study of 3811 cadaver grafts is
      summarized. The prime variables of transfusions, homologous leucocytic antibodies
      (HLA)-A and B typing and anti-lymphocyte serum treatment, continue to
      beneficially affect survival, but trends in the data suggest that they either
      have small or short-term effects. Apparently the determinants of true long-term
      survival are still not uncovered. Any erythrocyte preparation provides the
      transfusion effect if administered more than 10 days and less than 365 days
      before transplantation. Dialysis in the first week after transplantation
      adversely affects graft survival. Splenectomy may improve graft survival, but
      increases patient mortality. Thus, we believe it is unwarranted as a routine
      measure. We continue to collect long-term data on this group of patients, which
      will probably stand as a benchmark study of precyclosporin renal transplantation.

PMID- 6385878
TI  - Perioperative antibiotic therapy for penetrating injuries of the abdomen.
AB  - From 1979 through 1981, 152 patients with penetrating injuries of the intra
      abdominal gastrointestinal tract were placed on one of three different
      perioperative antibiotic regimens in a prospective randomized fashion. The three
      regimens were A) cefamandole 2 grams every 4 hours, B) cefoxitin 2 grams every 6
      hours, and C) ticarcillin 3 grams every 4 hours and tobramycin 1.5 mg/kg every 8
      hours. Antibiotics were administered intravenously before and for 48 hours
      following surgical exploration and repair. The three treatment groups were
      similar with respect to age, average number of organ injuries, and distribution
      of organ injuries. Cefoxitin-treated patients experienced uneventful recoveries
      more often than cefamandole-treated patients (94% vs. 80.3%, p less than 0.05)
      when the incidence of gram-negative wound infection and intra-abdominal abscess
      formation was considered, while the number of patients who experienced uneventful
      recoveries in the ticarcillin-tobramycin group was not statistically different
      from the other two groups of patients. Bacteroides fragilis was isolated from
      three of the six abscesses occurring in the cefamandole-treated group, while no
      anaerobes were isolated from abscesses in patients treated with either of the
      other two regimens. The results of this study suggest that the most effective
      perioperative antibiotic regimen for patients with penetrating gastrointestinal
      wounds should possess activity against both aerobic and anaerobic flora of the
      bowel.

PMID- 6385879
TI  - Appendicitis near its centenary.
AB  - In an analysis of the first 72 cases treated after the formulation of the
      appendicitis syndrome in 1886 compared with the experience from 1929-1959 and
      with 307 randomly selected recent cases, the major therapeutic trend has been an
      emphasis on appendectomy before perforation and abscess formation occur. The rate
      of infection nonetheless remains approximately 17%. Although the overall
      mortality rate has declined from 26% overall (40% for surgery) to 0.8%, the
      current rate of perforation is 28%, with a diagnostic accuracy of 82%. Among
      13,848 patients from several reports the perforation rate increases linearly with
      diagnostic accuracy; therefore, a balance must be sought. Delay awaiting a
      diagnosis is a major determinant of perforation, but diagnostic aids are of
      limited help. Clinical acuity and prudent decisiveness are the keys to proper
      action.

PMID- 6385880
TI  - Resection for pancreatitis in patients with pancreas divisum.
AB  - Pancreas divisum is an anatomic duct variant, which may predispose to
      pancreatitis. Most patients are managed conservatively, but some patients justify
      attempts to improve drainage. The correct surgical approach is not yet
      established, and there has been no series published concerning pancreatic
      resection in this context. A 6-year experience with resection performed in 14
      patients with severe pain is reported. There were no operative deaths, and 11
      patients had good pain relief; steatorrhea developed in two patients and diabetes
      in one. The hypothesis that pancreas divisum may cause pancreatitis is supported
      by examination of resection specimens after pancreaticoduodenectomy; the dorsal
      part showed chronic pancreatitis and the ventral portion was normal.

PMID- 6385881
TI  - Experience with cyclosporine and steroids in clinical renal transplantation.
AB  - We have reviewed the results of patient survival and transplant function of the
      last 100 recipients of renal allografts treated with cyclosporine (CyA) plus low
      dose steroids since November 1981; the follow-up varies between 3 months and 2
      years. A group of 56 individuals transplanted between January 1980 and October
      1982 and immunosuppressed with azathioprine (Aza) and steroids were used as
      comparison. There were five deaths among 100 patients treated with CyA and two
      among 56 treated with Aza. There were, however, marked differences in allograft
      function. Using actuarial curves, 2-year allograft survival from 24 living,
      related, one haplotype matched donors was 83%, as compared to an unsatisfactory
      60% graft function among 24 nonrandomized, comparable, Aza-treated recipients.
      The 2-year actuarial survival of 76 allografts from cadaver donors was 76%; that
      of 36 grafts in patients treated with Aza, 48%. Interestingly, function of first
      cadaver allografts was 84% at 2 years, far better (p less than 0.002) than
      cadaver graft function (58%) in patients who had been previously transplanted;
      these latter results are comparable to Aza-treated cadaver recipients. Side
      effects and complications of this difficult drug, as well as its benefits, have
      been stressed in this article.

PMID- 6385882
TI  - Hemodynamic response to naloxone during live Escherichia coli sepsis in
      splenectomized dogs.
AB  - This study was designed to investigate the concept that endogenous opioids are
      involved in the pathogenesis of septic shock. Infusion of live Escherichia coli
      (1.0-1.6 X 10(10) organisms/kg) in splenectomized dogs induced profound
      hypotension (p less than 0.001), peripheral vasodilatation (p less than 0.001),
      and metabolic acidosis (p less than 0.05) with maintenance of cardiac index as
      compared to control splenectomized dogs. Treatment with naloxone (3 mg/kg bolus
      and 2 mg/kg/hr infusion for 2.5 hours), a specific opiate antagonist, during
      septic shock attenuated the hypotension (p less than 0.002) and systemic acidosis
      (p less than 0.02) without altering cardiac index or total peripheral resistance.
      These experimental results indicate that naloxone may be of therapeutic value in
      the management of the early vasodilatory stage of septicemia.

PMID- 6385883
TI  - Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis restores normal hemodynamics in canine
      hyperdynamic sepsis.
AB  - This study investigates the role of prostaglandins (PG) in hyperdynamic sepsis.
      Thirteen chronically instrumented dogs were rendered septic by implanting in the
      peritoneal cavity a fibrin clot containing viable Escherichia coli. One day
      later, cardiac output (CO) increased from 2.80 +/- 0.22 to 3.72 +/- 0.32 l/min (p
      = 0.011); heart rate (HR) increased from 122 +/- 8 to 147 +/- 6 beats/min (p =
      0.005); mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) increased from 15 +/- 1 to 19 +/- 1
      mmHg (p = 0.003); mean systemic arterial pressure (MAP) decreased from 120 +/- 5
      to 107 +/- 7 mmHg; and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) decreased from 44.1 +/-
      2.6 to 29.3 +/- 1.9 mmHg/l/min (p less than 0.001). Sixty minutes after
      intravenous injection of indomethacin (2 mg/kg) or ibuprofen (25 mg/kg), CO
      decreased to 2.60 +/- 0.21 l/min (p less than 0.001); HR decreased to 118 +/- 5
      beats/min (p less than 0.001); PAP decreased to 17 +/- 1 mmHg (p = 0.021); and
      SVR increased to 43.7 mmHg/l/min (p less than 0.001). In seven control dogs,
      laparotomy alone did not significantly affect any of these parameters. Infusion
      of indomethacin caused a slight increase in MAP (106 +/- 4 to 116 +/- 4 mmHg, p =
      0.035) but otherwise did not alter hemodynamics. It is concluded that
      administration of indomethacin or ibuprofen restores normal hemodynamics in a
      canine model of high-output sepsis, probably by inhibiting PG synthesis.

PMID- 6385885
TI  - Problems in the post-mortem diagnosis of equine hydatidosis.

PMID- 6385886
TI  - Immunosuppression by larval cestodes of Babesia microti infections.

PMID- 6385884
TI  - The effect of major thermal injury and carbohydrate-free intake on serum
      triglycerides, insulin, and 3-methylhistidine excretion.
AB  - The severely burned patient responds differently to starvation ketosis in the
      early stage of injury as compared to the normal individual. A similar response
      has been observed in the patient after skeletal trauma and sepsis. In order to
      determine the extent of muscle protein contribution and the mechanism(s)
      involved, 11 burn patients with 35% to 80% BSA burn were resuscitated using
      carbohydrate-free solutions for 3 days followed by unrestricted intake. Blood was
      drawn daily and 24-hour urinary nitrogens were determined. Controls consisted of
      10 preoperative elective surgical patients and two normal volunteers. The burned
      patients lost a mean +/- SEM of 17.1 +/- 1.72 g nitrogen per day on the third
      day. The mean +/- SEM ketone body response on the third day for burned patients
      was 385 +/- 77 mumol/l compared to 727 +/- 81 mumol/l for control patients. The
      mean +/- SEM 3-methylhistidine loss for burned patients on the third day was 9.83
      +/- 0.82 mumol/kg compared to 3.6 mol/kg for control patients. Insulin levels on
      the third day of fast were three times the normal group. This insulin increase
      may be the modulating factor that suppresses excessive fat mobilization. This
      metabolic response causes a lower plasma ketone level, which may then necessitate
      the need for continued protein catabolism for glucose production for certain
      tissues. The protein contribution to the hypercatabolic response as assessed by
      increased urinary nitrogen losses is in part supported by an increased muscle
      protein breakdown as indicated by increased 3-methylhistidine excretion.

PMID- 6385887
TI  - The activity of proguanil and its metabolites, cycloguanil and p
      chlorophenylbiguanide, against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro.
AB  - Using an in vitro radioisotopic method, the activity was measured of proguanil,
      its metabolites cycloguanil and p-chlorophenylbiguanide (PBG), pyrimethamine, and
      chloroquine against seven Kenyan and three South East Asian strains of Plasmodium
      falciparum. Five Kenyan isolates were sensitive to both pyrimethamine and
      cycloguanil in vitro, while the Smith and two Kenyan strains were resistant to
      both these drugs. Cross-resistance was incomplete: the Camp strain was resistant
      to pyrimethamine but not cycloguanil, and the FVO strain was resistant to
      cycloguanil but not pyrimethamine. Both proguanil and PBG exhibited weak
      antimalarial activity in vitro, but inhibitory blood levels of either compound
      are unlikely to occur after a normal human dose of proguanil. The results
      indicate that the activity of proguanil against P. falciparum is due entirely to
      the action of its active metabolite cycloguanil.

PMID- 6385888
TI  - Increased phagocytosis of non-parasitized red cells in Plasmodium berghei
      malaria.

PMID- 6385889
TI  - Surgical management of diseased intracavitary coronary arteries.
AB  - An intracavitary location of a coronary artery is rare in our surgical experience
      with myocardial vascularization. This variant has occurred in the right coronary
      artery (0.09%) and in the left anterior descending coronary artery (0.2%). The
      location of the lesion and the pathological condition, length, and size of the
      coronary artery may dictate exposure of an intracavitary coronary artery for
      proper revascularization. More commonly, surgeons are unaware of the
      intracavitary position and during intramyocardial dissection of an artery will
      open a cardiac chamber where the vessel traverses the cavity. Problems that arise
      are introduction of air, difficulty in exposure due to blood and depth of
      position, and obstruction of the coronary artery during closure of the myotomy.
      We report here on 13 patients who required revascularization of intracavitary
      vessels (four right coronary arteries and six left anterior descending coronary
      arteries). The location and length of the intracavitary portion of the artery
      determined the surgical management. The methods used to close the cavity varied.
      The techniques employed were simple closure; moving the artery into an aerial
      position with cavitary closure behind it; anastomosis in the intracavitary
      position with closure of the myotomy around the graft; or selection of an
      alternate distal site for anastomosis. All patients treated for intracavitary
      arteries were successfully revascularized without major complications.

PMID- 6385890
TI  - Perioperative beta blockade with propranolol: reduction in myocardial oxygen
      demands and incidence of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias.
AB  - To determine the effect of beta blockade with propranolol on myocardial oxygen
      demands and postoperative arrhythmias in patients having coronary bypass
      operations, 50 patients with chronic stable angina undergoing operation were
      randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive either propranolol (60 mg every 6
      hours) or a placebo. Drug administration began 24 to 48 hours prior to operation
      and continued through the operative period and for one month after operation.
      There were no deaths. Two perioperative myocardial infarctions occurred, both in
      patients receiving a placebo. Myocardial oxygen demand as measured by the rate
      pressure product (heart rate X mean arterial pressure) was significantly reduced
      during induction of anesthesia (7,658 +/- 451 versus 5,786 +/- 340; p less than
      0.002) and during sternotomy (8,400 +/- 550 versus 6,756 +/- 384; p less than
      0.02) in propranolol-treated patients. In the first two postoperative days,
      nitroprusside was required for control of hypertension of 10 patients in the
      placebo group but in only 3 patients given propranolol (p less than 0.05).
      Postoperatively, 15 of the 26 patients who received a placebo had 45 episodes of
      arrhythmia. Seven of the 24 propranolol-treated patients had 17 episodes (p less
      than 0.04). We conclude that propranolol given perioperatively in doses large
      enough to induce beta blockade significantly reduces myocardial oxygen demands in
      the vulnerable period during induction of anesthesia and sternotomy, reduces the
      need for antihypertensive therapy in the immediate postoperative period, and
      causes a marked reduction in the incidence and frequency of both supraventricular
      and ventricular arrhythmias in the postoperative period.

PMID- 6385891
TI  - Stapled, uncut gastroplasty for hiatal hernia: 12-year follow-up.
AB  - A total of 82 patients with gastroesophageal reflux were consecutively treated
      with stapled, uncut gastroplasty and complete fundoplication over a 12-year
      period. The conditions treated included symptomatic reflux; esophageal stricture;
      massive hernia; collagen esophagus; short esophagus; Barrett's esophagus;
      recurrent, massive bleeding or anemia; small gastric remnant after gastrectomy;
      and acute volvulus. The transthoracic approach of stapled, uncut gastroplasty
      gives superb exposure. Outstanding features of the procedure are the safety and
      versatility resulting from the small amount of fundus required, no need either to
      ligate short gastric vessels or to suture the esophagus itself, and preservation
      of anatomical continuity between the wrapping fundus and the wrapped gastric
      tubular segment. There have been no deaths and no cases of anatomical or
      symptomatic recurrence in the series. Complications included some nondebilitating
      and mainly self-limiting symptoms.

PMID- 6385892
TI  - Mediastinal infection after cardiac surgery.
AB  - Mediastinitis is an uncommon complication after cardiac surgery; however, its
      associated morbidity and mortality demand early recognition and emergency
      therapy. This review is intended to emphasize certain features of the incidence,
      pathogenesis, and bacteriology of this complication in patients undergoing
      cardiopulmonary bypass through a median sternotomy. The diagnosis and treatment
      of mediastinitis after cardiac surgical procedures, as well as methods of
      prevention, are also reviewed.

PMID- 6385893
TI  - Treatment of mild hypertension with progressive muscle relaxation. Predictive
      value of indexes of sympathetic tone.
AB  - Effects of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) and of attention control were
      investigated in a prospective randomized trial of borderline or mild hypertensive
      patients. Both groups received placebo and had the same number of clinic return
      visits. After 22 weeks the average mean home BP in PMR decreased 3 mm Hg, whereas
      in controls BP increased 2 mm Hg. Progressive muscle relaxation had no
      significant effect on the clinic BP. The response to PMR was not uniform.
      Responders were characterized by faster heart rates and higher plasma
      norepinephrine levels. The responders also showed a decrease of anxiety scores
      during the trial. Progressive muscle relaxation is a time-consuming procedure.
      Blood pressure responses do not substantially exceed the placebo effects in
      unselected patients. However, relaxation may be suitable for young, anxious
      patients with mild hypertension who have a high resting sympathetic tone.

PMID- 6385895
TI  - Fungal splenic abscess.
AB  - Nineteen patients with fungal splenic abscesses included 16 with leukemia, one
      drug user, one patient with Cushing's syndrome, and one without predisposing
      causes. Fifteen had persistent fever; six had esophageal or mucocutaneous
      candidiasis. Abdominal pain occurred in seven patients, splenomegaly occurred in
      six, and left abdominal mass occurred in one. Three chest x-ray films showed left
      pleural effusions; two had elevated left hemidiaphragms, two had left-sided
      infiltrates, and one was normal. Sixteen of 17 technetium Tc 99m sulfur colloid
      scans were abnormal, as were 15 gallium citrate Ga 67 scans. Two computed
      tomographic studies revealed splenic defects. Candida was the cause in 15 cases,
      Aspergillus was the cause in three cases, and Blastomyces dermatitidis was the
      cause in one case. Sixteen patients underwent splenectomy, 12 receiving
      postoperative antifungal therapy. Fifteen survived regardless of underlying
      disease or hepatic microabscesses.

PMID- 6385894
TI  - Influence of home monitoring on compliance with a reduced sodium intake diet.
AB  - To test the utility of a qualitative chloride titrator strip in facilitating
      compliance with a reduced sodium intake diet, we enrolled 32 patients into a
      randomized crossover trial comprising two study periods of four weeks each. The
      study periods were begun after the patients had undergone extensive instruction
      in the diet and the use of the strip. A high degree of correlation between the
      patient's and the laboratory's interpretation of the strip result was identified
      in 29 of the subjects. Ability to use the strip was not related to level of
      education. A total of 12 patients achieved compliance with the diet when using
      the strips. Of these, nine were able to achieve compliance without the strips.
      Ten patients (30%) had significantly lower sodium intake when using the strips
      than when they did not use them. We conclude that the use of the chloride
      titrator strip can be mastered by most patients and, in conjunction with dietary
      counseling, can facilitate compliance with a reduced sodium intake diet.

PMID- 6385896
TI  - Comorbid and clinical determinants of prognosis in endometrial cancer.
AB  - In cancers of the lung, larynx, rectum, and breast, the patients' initial
      clinical manifestations and comorbid diseases have shown important prognostic
      distinctions that are not evident in the customary systems of anatomic staging.
      This study was done to see whether the same phenomena occurred for cancer of the
      endometrium. In 142 consecutive cases of endometrial carcinoma, strikingly high
      five-year survival rates were found in women who had no symptoms attributable to
      the cancer or whose only symptoms might have been caused either by concomitant
      uterine or cervical disease or by replacement estrogen therapy. A distinct
      decline in survival was associated with systemic symptoms and with major comorbid
      ailments. Estimation of prognosis and evaluation of therapy can be improved with
      a new composite staging system, formed by combining the new clinical categories
      and the standard morphologic stages of the International Federation of Gynecology
      and Obstetrics (FIGO) system.

PMID- 6385897
TI  - Insulin receptor autoantibodies in sepsis.
AB  - This study was undertaken to investigate possible factors contributing to altered
      glucose homeostasis in a patient with a history of total pancreatectomy and
      intermittent sepsis. Blood was drawn when the patient had received no exogenous
      insulin for the previous 24 hours, had a serum insulin level of 0.3 microU/mL,
      and gave an inappropriately low glucose response to large amounts of infused
      glucose. The IgG fraction prepared from this serum stimulated glucose oxidation
      in vitro and inhibited binding of insulin labeled with I 125 to isolated rat
      adipocytes, thus fulfilling some of the criteria for autoantibodies to the
      insulin receptor. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that insulin
      receptor autoantibodies may have developed as a result of perturbation of this
      patient's immune status promoted by intermittent septic episodes and that,
      preterminally, as these antibodies converted in vivo to their in vitro-type
      behavior, they may have been partially responsible for the severe disturbances of
      glucose homeostasis.

PMID- 6385898
TI  - Nothing new under the moon. Historical accounts of sleep apnea syndrome.
AB  - A systematic review of the 19th-century literature related to sleep disorders
      revealed that patients with obstructive sleep apnea were vividly described in the
      second half of the century. Also, there were documented observations on the
      linkage between airway obstructions and noisy snoring, nocturnal insomnia, and
      excessive somnolence. The coining of the term "pickwickian" to describe an obese
      somnolent patient was made in 1889 during a clinical presentation of a patient
      with sleep apnea. Respiratory failure in sleep because of "failure of the chest
      and diaphragmatic movements" was defined as a specific sleep disorder by Silas
      Weir Mitchell in 1890. The two main reasons for overlooking the sleep apnea
      syndrome for so long have been misdiagnosis of patients with sleep apnea as
      having narcolepsy and skepticism regarding the validity of excessive somnolence
      as a clinical sign.

PMID- 6385900
TI  - Insulin and glucagon infusion in the treatment of liver failure.
AB  - In an attempt to improve liver function and promote hepatic regeneration in a
      patient with severe liver injury, insulin alone or insulin and glucagon were
      administered by constant peripheral venous infusion during a 61-day period. The
      response, as assessed by a broad spectrum of hepato-cellular function tests,
      including synthetic, detoxification, bile metabolism, and microsomal enzyme
      function, and also histological evidence, indicated a beneficial effect.
      Continuous insulin and glucagon infusion merits further evaluation in the
      treatment of some forms of hepatic failure.

PMID- 6385899
TI  - Self-monitoring of blood glucose levels in diabetes. Principles and practice.
AB  - Self-monitoring of blood glucose levels has become popular due to the limitations
      in the use of urine testing for assessing the status of diabetes control.
      Furthermore, the recent emphasis on the importance of diabetes regulation entails
      that patients tailor the insulin doses based on blood glucose levels. This review
      discusses the methodology of capillary blood glucose monitoring and its
      application to insulin adjustments. When performed properly, self-monitoring is
      accurate, reliable, and effective. It can also be beneficial in detecting
      hypoglycemia and may have a positive psychological impact as well. The reduction
      in the frequency of office and laboratory visits makes self-monitoring
      potentially cost-effective. Although useful for a broad segment of the type I
      diabetic population and for an increasingly large number of individuals with type
      II diabetes, self-monitoring may have a limited role in patients with severe,
      irreversible complications.

PMID- 6385901
TI  - [Cytologic findings as indications: morphologic and immunohistochemical
      identification of human brain tissue on the clothing of a murderer].
AB  - A case was described in which a murder was concealed by burning the body. The
      suspect confessed to committing the crime after being informed that human brain
      tissue in form of slimy stains as well the same blood group as the victim had
      been identified on his clothing. Slimy stains (approx. 2 x 3 mm) were identified
      as brain tissue by sectioning on the cryostat together with the bits of wool
      fiber. Morphologically, nerve cells were clearly identifiable, particular by
      demonstrating Nissl's bodies. Application of anti-human serum protein and an anti
      human cerebrum serum confirmed this finding and augmented it by confirming that
      the brain tissue was of human origin. The unusual character of this case and the
      methods used prompted the authors to publish these findings. The available
      literature is discussed.

PMID- 6385902
TI  - [Immunohistochemical study of blood group activities in severely burned human
      tissue].
AB  - The blood, livers and lungs obtained from donors or cadavers of known blood
      groups were experimentally burned, while the temperatures inside the tissue
      specimens were automatically measured. All the distinguishable portions with
      various thermo-changes in each burned tissue specimen were examined for their
      blood-group activities A, B, Lea, Leb and P1 by means of the immunofluorescence
      and immunoperoxidase techniques. In the layer immediately before charring of the
      blood masses (tissue temperature: ca. 200-250 degrees C), the activities A, B,
      Lea, Leb and P1 could be specifically demonstrated on the erythrocyte membranes.
      In case of the burned livers and lungs, the A- and B-activities could be detected
      in the small blood vessels in the layer immediately before charring (ca. 200-250
      degrees C), though the layer was so severely thermo-changed, that their original
      tissue structures could be no more observed. In the severely thermo-coagulated,
      porous and hardened layer of both organ tissues, the A- and B-activities could be
      demonstrated on the endothelial cells of the hepatic sinus and small blood
      vessels (especially in the alveolar walls). The simply thermo-coagulated inner
      portions well retained their original tissue structures and the A- and B
      activities remained on the epithelial cells of the alveoli and bronchioles of the
      lung as well as the cells described above. The Lewis blood-group activities could
      be demonstrated on the epithelial cells of the bronchioles in the simply thermo
      coagulated inner portion of the lung. The P1-activity could not be demonstrated
      in the burned tissues of the livers and lungs.

PMID- 6385903
TI  - Isolation and characterization of microcin E492 from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AB  - The production of a dialyzable peptidic antibacterial named microcin E492 by the
      strain of faecal origin Klebsiella pneumoniae RYC492 has previously been
      reported. In this paper, a procedure to extract this antibiotic from liquid
      cultures of the producer strain is described. This method was based in the
      quantitative retention of the microcin on the hydrophobic matrix Bondapak C18 and
      led to highly active pigment- and salt-free concentrates appropriate for further
      purification by high pressure liquid chromatography. The characterization of
      purified preparations indicated that microcin E492 was a basic and hydrophobic
      peptide with an apparent molecular mass of about 5,000, acid- and heat-resistant
      and much more active in minimal than in rich medium. These properties are
      discussed with regard to the likely ecological role of the microcin in the
      microbial ecosystem of the intestine.

PMID- 6385904
TI  - [Reception and processing of peripheral temperature signals in warm-blooded
      animals].

PMID- 6385905
TI  - Factors influencing the agreement between thermal physiology measurements and
      field performance in poultry.

PMID- 6385906
TI  - The zone of optimal temperature as related to age of domesticated animals.

PMID- 6385907
TI  - [The concept of optimal biological temperature].

PMID- 6385908
TI  - New investigations on neuro-endocrine correlations in the regulation of muscle
      metabolism in developing chickens.

PMID- 6385909
TI  - [Experimental studies on the fluorescence serological demonstration of
      salmonellas in feed yeast].

PMID- 6385911
TI  - [Iconographic rubric. Torsion of the cord on the testis in inguinal ectopia:
      value of echography].

PMID- 6385912
TI  - [Evaluation of health services during the War of Defense in 1939].

PMID- 6385913
TI  - [Pharmacy in Biecz. History of the Fusek family. (From the series: Pharmacist
      families)].

PMID- 6385910
TI  - [Pelvic echographic data during normal and pathological development in girls].
AB  - From a population of 60 normal females divided in 4 groups of 15 according to age
      and puberty, standards of uterine length and ovarian volume as measured by
      ultrasonography were established. The length of the uterus increases moderately
      with age (mean: 26.4 mm under 2 years of age; 29.5 mm from 2 to 8 years; 36.5 mm
      from 8 to 12 years) and significantly with puberty (mean: 60 mm), as does the
      volume of the ovaries (mean: 0.98 cm3 from 8 to 12 years; 3.4 cm3 after puberty).
      These standards, confirming former data, allow a better understanding of
      ultrasonographic findings during pathologic growth in young females, such as
      precocious puberty, delayed puberty, hypopituitarism, or hyperandrogenism. Thus,
      this investigation may assume an important part in the diagnosis of disorders of
      puberty, as it is innocuous and may be repeated as often as necessary during the
      growth of young patients. As it is non invasive and inexpensive, it could be the
      first investigation in some of these indications.

PMID- 6385914
TI  - [The role of Polish physicians in Hungary 1939-1945].

PMID- 6385915
TI  - [Opinions of Polish physicians with regard to their work in Hungary (1939-1945)].

PMID- 6385916
TI  - [Alfred Obalinski--the precursor of Polish urology].

PMID- 6385918
TI  - The centenary of Ludwik Hirszfeld's birth.

PMID- 6385917
TI  - [History of the founding and activities of the District Hospital in Lasin up to
      1945].

PMID- 6385919
TI  - Disturbances of cell-mediated immunity in ornithosis.
AB  - 27 cases of ornithosis were observed during an epidemia in 1980 in Kielce and
      subsequently followed with respect to immunological characteristics of peripheral
      blood lymphocytes. Blastic transformation of these cells was tested after
      stimulation in vitro with three different mitogens. Identification of peripheral
      blood T and B lymphocytes was done using rosette tests (E,EA,EAC) and the
      occurrence of surface immunoglobulins was determined by the immunofluorescent
      method with polyvalent anti-immunoglobulin serum. The counts of T and B
      lymphocytes in the peripheral blood were normal throughout the whole period of
      the observation, but from the 3rd week on a significant impairment of 3H
      thymidine incorporation into the cells stimulated with Con A was observed, and
      from the 10th week on, this impairment appeared also in cells stimulated with PHA
      and PWM. These observations revealed considerable disturbances in cell-mediated
      reactivity in patients with ornithosis and seem to be connected with chronic
      infection with Chlamydia psittaci.

PMID- 6385920
TI  - Some biological properties of preserved bovine fascia enriched with pulverized
      calf cartilage.
AB  - The immunogenicity of trypsinized and radiation-sterilized bovine fascia enriched
      with pulverized calf cartilage was tested by the regional lymph node blastic cell
      reaction. The influence of these grafts on the adjacent tissue and on
      regeneration processes was examined histologically. After transplantation into
      mice the grafts stimulated growth of new connective tissue and did not evoke an
      increase of the blastic cell reaction in the regional lymph nodes.

PMID- 6385921
TI  - The electron microscopic appearance of Nocardia asteroides in human lung tissue.

PMID- 6385922
TI  - Filaggrin distribution in keratoacanthomas and squamous cell carcinoma.
AB  - The cellular distribution of filaggrin, a histidine-rich protein present in the
      granular and horny layers of normal epidermis, was investigated in 27 human
      keratoacanthomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin using an indirect
      immunohistochemical procedure with rabbit antimouse filaggrin immunoglobulin.
      Using the same working dilution of the primary antibody, normal epidermis, as
      well as all keratoacanthomas, exhibited a positive immunoperoxidase or
      immunofluorescence stain in the granular and horny layers; whereas, all squamous
      cell carcinomas, except one, were negative. With higher concentrations of primary
      antibody, two additional carcinomas showed a weak, positive staining. We suggest
      that the absence of filaggrin in squamous carcinomas could be of use in the
      differential diagnosis of cutaneous tumors.

PMID- 6385923
TI  - Tubular microfibrils in the glomeruli of membranous nephropathy.
AB  - The presence of tubular microfibrils in the mesangium and capillary walls of the
      renal glomeruli is a rare occurrence that has been reported by others in
      different glomerular disease processes. The two cases presented in this report
      demonstrated such microfibrils in membranous glomerulonephropathy, an association
      previously described in only one other case. These microfibrils differed in size
      and structural characteristics from collagen fibers, amyloid fibrils, and
      cryoglobulin microtubules.

PMID- 6385924
TI  - [Individual anatomic variability of particular thalamic nuclei in children and
      adolescents with respect to stereotaxic coordinates].
AB  - As demonstrate macro-microscopic and stereologic investigations performed in 120
      preparations of children and adolescent brain, the anterior, medial and lateral
      nuclei in the thalamus have a complex geometric form which does not change with
      age. Their linear dimentions and stereotaxic coordinates increase somewhat. These
      changes are described by means of mathematical models as regression equations.
      Individual changeability of the nuclear groups, situating within the studied ones
      are evidently subjugated to the same regularities. The individual variants
      revealed are not connected with side of the brain, form of the skull and sex. The
      combination of the methods used gives reliable results.

PMID- 6385925
TI  - [I. I. Shmal'gauzen and evolutionary morphology].

PMID- 6385926
TI  - [Age and changes in the proportions of cells in the pancreatic islets of the
      human pancreas].
AB  - Morphometric investigations of the pancreas have been performed in 74 persons
      died from different disease at the age from birth up to 85 years. In sections
      impregnated after Grimelius the amount of argyrophil glucagon-producing A-cells
      has been counted, as well as in non-impregnated sections--insulin-producing B
      cells. Total mass of the islets in the pancreas have been calculated, with a
      special reference to A- and B-cells and their quantitative relationships. There
      is not any significant differences of these parameters in men and women. At the
      same time, a regular increase in A-cells with age is noted, which together with a
      slight decrease in B-cells results in certain changes in ratio between A- and B
      cells. With age, these changes produce a decreased tolerance to glucose, and
      predominance of A-cells over B-cells results in diabetes mellitus. This is proved
      when the results of the morphometric investigations are compared with those of
      intravital studies on glucose contents in blood.

PMID- 6385928
TI  - [Transparent chamber for vital microscopy].

PMID- 6385927
TI  - [Effect of gluco- and mineralocorticoids on the structure and function of the
      insular apparatus of the pancreas in representatives of different classes of
      vertebrates].
AB  - By means of histological, historadioautographical and biochemical methods the
      effect produced by disturbances in hormonal balance of the adrenal cortex
      (corticosteroids) on the islet apparatus of the pancreas in the lamprey (Lampetra
      fluviatilis), the frog (Rana temporaria), the tortoise (Testudo horsfieldi), the
      pigeon (Columbia livia), the white rat (Rattus rattus) has been studied during
      autumn-winter period. Chronic injections of hydrocortisone and
      desoxycorticosterone-acetate are used to change the hormonal balance in the
      adrenal cortex. In Cyclostomata, Amphibia and Reptilia gluco- and
      mineralocorticoids produce similar effects by increasing glycemia level. In birds
      and Mammalia glucocorticoids increase glycemia level, and mineralocorticoids do
      not change it. An increased glucose level in the organism of the representatives
      of various Mammalian classes after an excess injection of glucocorticoids is
      accompanied with a mainfested degranulation, hypertrophy of the Golgi complex,
      vacuolization of aldehydefuchsin-positive B-cell. Glucocorticoides increase the
      level of 35S-methyonine incorporation into B-cells of Langerhans islet in the
      representatives of all the vertebral classes studied. Mineralocorticoids act
      similarly as glucocorticoids stimulating protein metabolism only in Amphibia and
      birds. The level of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) in response to glucocorticoids
      injection increases in Amphibia and Mammalia and remains unchanged in
      Cyclostomata, Reptilia and birds. IRI remains unchanged after injection of
      mineralocorticoids in all representatives of Vertebrata, besides Cyclostomata in
      which IRI decreases.

PMID- 6385929
TI  - [Method of integral evaluation of labrocytes of loose connective tissue of the
      rat mesentery in histologic preparations].

PMID- 6385930
TI  - Cocaine: the first local anesthetic and the 'third scourge of humanity'. A
      centennial melodrama.

PMID- 6385931
TI  - Steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Effect on postsurgical
      inflammation and blood-aqueous humor barrier breakdown.
AB  - Two hundred and eighty-three patients scheduled to undergo extracapsular cataract
      extraction with intraocular lens implantation were randomized into four treatment
      groups that received 1% topical indomethacin and 0.1% topical dexamethasone
      sodium phosphate, either drug and the other drug's placebo, or two placebos.
      Inflammation was assessed by clinical grading, and the breakdown of the blood
      aqueous barrier was evaluated by slit-lamp anterior segment fluorophotometry.
      Patients who used either or both anti-inflammatory agents had significantly less
      inflammation or blood-aqueous barrier breakdown than did those who used neither
      agent. Also, the use of both topical indomethacin and dexamethasone resulted in
      less fluorescein leakage during the second postoperative week than did the use of
      dexamethasone alone. Since this difference could not be detected by clinical
      measurement, we believe that fluorophotometry is a more sensitive quantitative
      measure. Clinical assessment of inflammation did correlate with fluorophotometric
      measurements, as patients with clinically unacceptable inflammation had 3.7 times
      more fluorescein leakage in the surgically treated eye than did patients with
      clinically acceptable inflammation.

PMID- 6385932
TI  - Treatment of blepharospasm with botulinum toxin. A preliminary report.
AB  - The effects of botulinum A toxin injections for the treatment of facial spasm
      were analyzed for 22 patients. Sixteen patients had unoperated on essential
      blepharospasm, three had essential blepharospasm with residual spasm following
      previous surgical treatment, and three had unoperated on hemifacial spasm.
      Treatment was effective for most patients, but transient, with the mean interval
      of relief of spasm after the first injections being ten weeks. The injection of
      botulinum toxin reduced the maximum lid force by about 10%. While side effects
      were common, they were generally mild and well tolerated. No cumulative effect of
      botulinum toxin was evident in those receiving three series of injections. There
      is no significant difference in either the interval free of spasm or the rate of
      lid-force recovery following any of three sequential injections of increasing
      doses of botulinum toxin.

PMID- 6385933
TI  - Standardized echography in uveal melanomas with scleral or extraocular extension.
AB  - Three cases of uveal melanoma with scleral or extraocular extension as detected
      by standardized echography and confirmed histopathologically are reported. Two
      patients had scleral and orbital extension: one patient had a huge intraocular
      tumor and small orbital nodule, while the other had a small intraocular tumor
      with massive orbital involvement. In the third patient, early scleral extension
      (less than 25% of its thickness) was detected echographically. The early
      detection of scleral or extraocular extension, which are known poor prognostic
      factors, should be routinely attempted with standardized echography even in a
      small, apparently stable uveal melanoma.

PMID- 6385934
TI  - The effect of penetrating keratoplasty on contrast sensitivity in keratoconus.
AB  - Complaints of visual distortion often precede a decrement in visual acuity in
      keratoconus. We studied seven patients with keratoconus who had undergone
      keratoplasty in one eye and whose Snellen visual acuity measurements were equal
      in the grafted and nongrafted eyes. Subjects were examined clinically; we then
      measured contrast thresholds for seven spatial frequencies of computer-generated
      sinusoidal gratings after optimal contact lens correction. Results indicate that
      nongrafted keratoconic eyes demonstrate abnormal contrast sensitivity, even with
      good visual acuity measurements. Eyes with clear corneal grafts and with visual
      acuities comparable to nongrafted eyes fell within the 95% confidence limits of
      the normal contrast sensitivity curve. The findings confirm that corneal
      distortion or opacity in the optimally corrected keratoconic eye may account for
      notable visual dysfunction and that keratoplasty improves not only Snellen visual
      acuity but contrast sensitivity as well.

PMID- 6385936
TI  - A miniature compliance monitor for eyedrop medication.
AB  - We developed an eyedrop medication monitor that electronically records the date
      and time of each medication administration over a six-week period. It records a
      medication usage in a 15-minute interval when the cap is removed from the bottle
      and the bottle is inverted. The electronic components housed inside the bottle
      weigh 7.5 g, including the batteries, and the total volume of the circuit is 7.5
      cc. The monitor resembles commercially available 30-mL eyedrop bottles in size,
      shape, and weight. The monitor is accurate when tested against known patterns of
      usage. The electronic eyedrop monitor should be useful in assessing compliance
      with eyedrop medications.

PMID- 6385935
TI  - Effect of topical timolol maleate on exercise performance.
AB  - The effect of topical timolol maleate on exercise performance was investigated in
      a randomized double-blind study. Healthy young subjects underwent two graded
      maximal exercise evaluations on a treadmill. The evaluations were given one week
      apart. Before each trial, the subjects were given a single drop of either placebo
      or 0.5% timolol maleate in each eye. The results indicate that topical timolol
      has a statistically significant effect on both maximal heart rate and time to
      exhaustion. However, we found that the drug had no effect on the physiologic
      parameters of Vo2, respiratory rate, Vco2, or respiratory quotient.

PMID- 6385937
TI  - Androgen receptors and antiandrogen therapy for laryngeal carcinoma.
AB  - A hydroxylapatite assay was used to assay androgen receptor levels in 23 primary
      laryngeal carcinomas, nine metastatic laryngeal carcinomas, and three
      oropharyngeal carcinomas. The median androgen receptor level in laryngeal
      carcinoma was 0.7 femtomoles of receptor protein per milligram of cytosol
      protein. Ten patients with advanced or metastatic laryngeal carcinoma and one
      patient with metastatic floor of mouth carcinoma were treated with the
      antiandrogen flutamide. There were three short-lived partial responses (1, 2, and
      2.5 months) in nine patients whose tumors could be evaluated for response. Toxic
      reactions consisted of mild breast tenderness, and hypercalcemia in two patients
      with bone metastases. Androgen receptor levels did not correlate with response to
      flutamide. The low androgen receptor levels in laryngeal tumors may account for
      the relative inactivity of the antiandrogen in laryngeal cancer.

PMID- 6385938
TI  - Eikenella corrodens. An emerging pathogen in head and neck infections.
AB  - Eikenella corrodens is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobe that exists as part
      of the normal oral flora. Its role as a pathogen in human infection has been
      disputed, but recently its pathogenic potential has been increasingly recognized.
      A review of the literature reveals the emergence of this organism as a pathogen
      in human infection. Specific microbiologic characteristics of this organism make
      it difficult to isolate and evaluate for antibiotic sensitivities. Infections
      produced by this bacteria are characteristically indolent in nature and are
      usually associated with oral contamination. Appropriate antibiotic therapy
      utilizes ampicillin or penicillin. Tetracycline is the drug of choice in the
      penicillin-allergic patient. Clindamycin resistance is a universal feature. A
      greater awareness of the pathogenic potential of E corrodens is essential for
      appropriate recognition and treatment.

PMID- 6385939
TI  - Polyethylene sponge total ossicular replacement prosthesis: a histopathologic
      study.

PMID- 6385940
TI  - Tracheal transplantation. II. Influence of genetic difference and degree of
      sensitization on reactions to the tracheal transplant.
AB  - To determine what influence the extent of genetic difference and degree of
      presensitization exercise on reactions to tracheal transplants, orthotopic
      tracheal transplantations were performed in 189 rats. In groups with minor
      genetic differences (non-RT1-different combination) and major genetic differences
      (RT1-different combination), the survival rates were significantly lower in
      comparison with syngeneic controls. In both strain combinations, presensitization
      prior to orthotopic tracheal transplantation led to significantly lower survival
      rates. The survival times of the RT1-different strain combination were obviously
      shorter than those of the non-RT1-different strain combination. Therefore, the
      degree of histo-incompatibility and presensitization, detectable only and
      purposively variable in investigations on inbred strains, strongly influences the
      reactions to a tracheal transplant. Indications of an organospecific antigenicity
      of the tracheal transplant have not been found. Thus, the trachea is subject to
      the same immunological laws for transplantation as all other tissues.

PMID- 6385942
TI  - European programme on functional histopathology of the human audio-vestibular
      organ.

PMID- 6385941
TI  - Histological findings in sutured and fibrin-glued microvascular anastomosis.
AB  - A new method of microvascular anastomosis is presented. A sufficient sutureless
      telescoping anastomosis was achieved using fibrin adhesive (Tissucol, Immuno
      GmbH, Heidelberg, FRG) and a Fogarty embolectomy catheter (American Hospital
      Supply, Deutschland GmbH, Munich, FRG) as an internal splint in the abdominal
      aorta of Sprague-Dawley rats. The main advantage of this technique is its short
      application time. Histological examinations mostly showed accelerated healing
      compared with sutured anastomosis.

PMID- 6385943
TI  - Gallbladder disease. New trends in diagnosis and management.

PMID- 6385944
TI  - Stress fractures of the lower limbs in runners.
AB  - Stress fractures are a common sports injury and running can cause fractures in
      most bones from the metatarsals to the pubic rami. Pain after an increase in or
      modification to a running programme is the initial symptom; there will be point
      tenderness over bone. Rest from running for six to 10 weeks is necessary but
      alternative exercise must be prescribed for those 'addicted' to running.

PMID- 6385945
TI  - A tribute: Kenneth George Howsam.

PMID- 6385946
TI  - Superior oblique muscle surgery.
AB  - The anatomy and actions of the superior oblique muscle are discussed as a basis
      for logical surgical procedures. Weakening procedures are indicated for
      overaction or for a short superior oblique tendon. Tenectomy is performed nasal
      to the superior rectus while selective tenotomies for bilateral overaction are
      performed temporal to the superior rectus. Recession of the whole tendon on an
      adjustable suture is preferred for unilateral superior oblique overaction. Tendon
      tucking for unilateral superior oblique palsy is performed temporal to the
      superior rectus and inevitably causes a degree of pseudo-Brown's syndrome. Tucks
      may be used bilaterally in bilateral cases. Alternatively, anterior tendon
      advancement corrects tensional symptoms. It may be graded from a maximum
      advancement to the upper border of the lateral rectus to suit the degree of
      tension. Adjustable sutures may be used. Superior oblique tendon transfer for
      long-standing third nerve palsies may produce paradoxical eye movements in the
      long-term due to scarring.

PMID- 6385947
TI  - The continent ileostomy--an 11 year experience.
AB  - An 11 year experience of the continent ileostomy is reported. Forty-nine patients
      have undergone a continent ileostomy during this period. There were 30 females
      and 19 males. The mean age was 35 years, the youngest 19 and the oldest 58. Forty
      four patients were suffering from chronic ulcerative colitis, four from polyposis
      coli and one from carcinoma of the rectum and multiple colonic polyps. The
      majority (41) of operations were carried out as secondary procedures but eight
      were done as primary procedures. The follow-up varies from 11 years to three
      months. There were no deaths. Seventeen patients (34%) required revisional
      surgery for complications relating to the valve reservoir or stoma. Eleven of
      these were related to the valve--slipping four, prolapse five, fistula and
      perforation one each. Three patients had a para-ileostomy hernia and two a
      stricture at skin level. Four patients required excision of the reservoir with
      establishment of an orthodox ileostomy. Eighty-six per cent of patients are
      continent and never wear an appliance. The average capacity of the reservoir is
      400 ml (range 150-900). Most patients catheterize three times daily (range 2-6).
      Eighteen per cent catheterize once at night. The average time for catheterization
      is 6 min. Provided the procedure is technically satisfactory the continent
      ileostomy is considered the operation of choice for patients requiring a
      permanent ileostomy.

PMID- 6385948
TI  - Dr. P. Raymond Begg, A.O. (1898-1983).

PMID- 6385949
TI  - Enzyme immunoassay of Chlamydia in birds.
AB  - Serum samples from 192 free-living birds (27 species) were tested for antibodies
      against Chlamydia using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); 97 (51%)
      were seropositive. The highest antibody prevalence was among pheasants (96%),
      ducks (88%), and blackbirds (86%). None of 41 starlings tested were seropositive.
      The serotesting of 42 confined pheasants indicated 100% exposure to the organism.
      The ELISA is a sensitive, rapid serologic method that can be of epidemiologic and
      diagnostic value for detecting exposure to Chlamydia. The ELISA could also be
      used for mass-screening of pet birds where chlamydiosis may be considered a
      potential public health hazard.

PMID- 6385950
TI  - Proventricular dilatation syndrome in large psittacine birds.
AB  - Proventricular dilatation was diagnosed in 16 psittacine birds. Signs included
      anorexia, lethargy, weight loss, and intermittent vomiting. The proventriculus in
      all birds was thin-walled and impacted with ingesta and occupied most of the body
      cavity. Microscopic changes in the proventriculus varied from none to an
      infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages, and heterophils. There was no evidence
      of viral or bacterial infection or lead toxicity.

PMID- 6385951
TI  - Bulimia: the emergence of a syndrome.
AB  - The literature on bulimia, which has regarded it as a psychiatric entity or as a
      form of disordered eating, suggests that this behaviour is now widespread among
      the obese, among those with anorexia nervosa and those of normal weight. While
      physiological, psychological and sociocultural explanations and forms of
      treatment have been proposed, a holistic perspective on the context in which it
      occurs can distinguish bulimia nervosa and bulimarexia from 'simple' bulimia.

PMID- 6385952
TI  - Cell mediated immunity to islet cells: lessons from animal studies.
AB  - As a pathogenic factor of type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes cell mediated
      immunity to pancreatic islet cells, i.e. lymphocytic insulitis has been studied
      in mice with spontaneous lupus-like autoimmune disease, in mice with
      experimentally induced immune dysregulation and in mice treated with multiple low
      doses of streptozotocin or with alloxan. The following conclusions have been
      reached: Autoimmunity to B-islet cells requires a disturbed immune system.
      Autoimmune insulitis requires altered B-islet cells. Cellular immunity to B-islet
      cells apparently involves two different mechanisms: The intrainsular invasion of
      single lymphocytes and macrophages and the mostly periinsular/periductular
      infiltration of large numbers of lymphocytes and macrophages. Some observations
      indicate a primary role of helper and suppressor T lymphocytes as well as of
      macrophages in B-islet cell destruction. In this paper an attempt will be made to
      combine observations on the induction and course of insulitis in several animal
      models in a general scheme of pathological events. Several conclusions on the
      mechanism of islet autoimmunity have been reached. At the time being however,
      these "lessons" must be regarded as hypotheses, which may be helpful in
      understanding the pathogenesis of human type I diabetes.

PMID- 6385953
TI  - Islet morphology in type I diabetes.

PMID- 6385954
TI  - The B cell mass at the clinical onset of type I diabetes.
AB  - In a case of type I diabetes with a duration of 7 days the distribution and
      volume of the pancreatic endocrine cells were studied using immunocytochemical
      techniques combined with morphometry. The PP cell rich lobe, making up about 10%
      of the total pancreatic volume, was not considered in this examination. The
      volume density and the absolute volume of the B cells was found to be reduced to
      about one third to one seventh of the values determined in three controls of a
      similar age and pancreatic volume. The A cell volume was also diminished, whereas
      the D and PP cell volume remained constant. As B cell necroses could not be
      detected and insulitis affected only few islets, it was concluded that the
      destruction of B cells proceeds slowly in type I diabetes and, in the majority of
      cases, probably starts years before the clinical onset.

PMID- 6385956
TI  - Virus infection islet cell antibodies and islet cell function in type I diabetes
      mellitus.
AB  - The detection of islet cell antibodies has led to an increasing interest in
      autoimmune mechanisms in Type I diabetes mellitus. Other phenomena, such as
      insulitis in juvenile diabetics and in experimental animals, cellular immune
      reactions and concommitant antibodies against other endocrine organs, antinuclear
      antibodies and circulating immune complexes have supported such speculations. HLA
      association and viral-infections could be predisposing and inducing factors.
      However, with one exception, the occurrence of ICA in a group of mumps infected
      children did not result in the development of diabetes mellitus over 3-4 years,
      nor could it be correlated with HLA-pattern. The islet cell antibodies block
      glucose stimulated insulin secretion in vitro without complement, while Type I
      diabetic sera with complement are beta cell cytotoxic irrespective of their ICA
      concentration. It is still not clear whether these mechanisms play any role in
      vivo. Therapeutic intervention before the clinical manifestation of the disease
      is as yet not possible due to the lack of markers indicating a subclinical
      autoimmune process.

PMID- 6385955
TI  - Pittsburgh diabetes mellitus study: studies on the etiology of insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus with special reference to viral infections.

PMID- 6385957
TI  - Mumps, mumps vaccination, islet cell antibodies and the first manifestation of
      diabetes mellitus type I.
AB  - To connect mumps and diabetes mellitus in children is an old problem in medical
      literature. The typical occurrence of ICA at the onset of diabetes in children,
      as well as the incidence of ICA approximately 3 weeks after mumps infection
      support the hypothesis of a direct relationship between virus infection and
      diabetes. But the mumps infection alone is not the key factor. Mumps vaccination
      may not provide protection against diabetes mellitus, it may even provoke it.
      (Genetic determination, expressed by the HLA-phenotype in all the patients
      reported, does not allow a differentiation.)

PMID- 6385958
TI  - Physiological interpretation of the skewness of indicator-dilution curves;
      theoretical considerations and a practical application.
AB  - Indicator-dilution curves can be interpreted and analysed by describing the
      system between injection- and sampling site with a physical model. Till now
      mainly compartmental and distributed models have been investigated. One feature
      of distributed models is the possibility to interpret skewness or asymmetry of
      the curve in terms of a parameter, proportional with the Peclet number, which is
      a measure of the relative contribution between convection and diffusion in
      indicator transport. In patients with and without pulmonary edema, we analyzed a
      number of curves obtained with an intravascular indicator (131I radioiodinated
      serum albumin, RISA) and a diffusing indicator (tritiated water, THO) over the
      pulmonary vascular bed. Edema was measured by indexed extravascular lung water
      and by critical pressure, defined as the difference between pulmonary capillary
      wedge pressure and plasma colloid osmotic pressure. The significant decrease of
      the symmetry of the RISA curves with increasing cardiac output we explained by an
      increasing labyrinth dispersion and increasing turbulence at higher flows. For
      normals we found all THO curves to be less skew than albumin curves. This
      difference diminished and even reversed when the degree of pulmonary edema
      increased. We suggest a hypothesis for this phenomenon by considering various
      mechanisms responsible for dispersion and capillary exchange of the indicator
      during transport from injection to sampling site. In normals the contribution of
      Taylor diffusion during laminar flow in parts of the circulatory system may be
      responsible for the greater symmetry of THO curves; with increasing pulmonary
      edema, transcapillary diffusion of THO causes THO curves to become more skew and
      even more asymmetric when compared with albumin curves.

PMID- 6385959
TI  - [Cattle babesiosis in western Allgau].

PMID- 6385960
TI  - Additional evidence for the augmented induction of tumor-specific resistance in
      vaccinia virus-primed mice by immunization with vaccinia virus-modulated
      syngeneic tumor cells.
AB  - The augmenting effect of vaccinia virus infection of tumor cells on induction of
      tumor-specific resistance was examined in mice. C3H/HeN mice were primed
      intraperitoneally (ip) with live vaccinia virus after whole-body irradiation with
      250 rad of X-rays. Three weeks later the mice were immunized ip 3 times at weekly
      intervals with syngeneic murine hepatoma MH134 or spontaneous myeloma X5563 which
      had been infected in vitro with vaccinia virus and subsequently irradiated with
      7000 rad of X-rays. One week after the third immunization, the mice were
      challenged with 1 X 10(5) viable cells of MH134 or X5563 ip or 1 X 10(6) tumor
      cells intradermally (id). On ip challenge with viable MH134 cells all mice that
      had not been pretreated died within 3 weeks due to ascites tumor out-growth,
      whereas all mice that had been vaccinia virus-primed and immunized with vaccinia
      virus-infected MH134 cells survived. On ip challenge with X5563 cells, the
      percentage survival of vaccinia virus-primed and vaccinia virus-modified tumor
      immunized mice was 80%. On id challenge with MH134 and X5563 tumor cells, in un
      treated mice tumors grew to more than 5 mm in diameter within 3 weeks, whereas
      90% and 60%, respectively, of the mice that had been vaccinia virus-primed and
      immunized with vaccinia virus-infected tumor cells showed no tumor out-growth.
      Pretreatment by only immunization with vaccinia virus-infected cells or vaccinia
      virus-priming and immunization with virus non-infected tumor cells were not
      effective for preventing induction of tumor-resistance to either ip or id
      challenge with MH134 or X5563 tumor cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6385961
TI  - Purification of a neutral proteinase, associated with the actomyosin complex,
      from uterine myometrium.
AB  - We have purified and characterized a neutral proteinase activity from pig uterine
      myometrium. The proteinase co-purified with the actomyosin complex and could only
      be separated from it by a high concentration of a chaotropic ion, 3M-NaBr. The
      proteinase was further purified by gel filtration and affinity chromatography.
      The purified protein showed a single band on sodium dodecyl
      sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis corresponding to an Mr of 28 000. Gel
      filtration on Sephadex G-100 in a buffer containing 3M-NaBr gave an Mr of 27 500.
      Without the addition of the chaotropic Br- ion, the proteinase aggregates to high
      Mr forms of more than 10(6)Da. The proteinase has optimum hydrolytic activity
      with casein as substrate at pH 7.5-8.0. The thiol-group-blocking reagents p
      chloromercuribenzoate, p-chloromercuribenzenesulphonate and Hg2+, as well as soya
      bean trypsin inhibitor and 4-aminobenzamidine, inhibited the proteinase. Other
      bivalent cations, chelating agents and the serine-specific reagents 7-amino-1
      chloro-3-tosylamido-L-heptan-2-one and phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride were
      without any effect on proteinase activity. The proteinase degraded myosin very
      rapidly at a molar ratio of proteinase to myosin of 1:50, concomitant with the
      rate of loss of the ATPase activity. Compared with myosin, actin was only a poor
      substrate and was degraded at a much lower rate, even at a high molar ratio of
      the proteinase to actin.

PMID- 6385962
TI  - Proteinase from germinating bean cotyledons. Evidence for involvement of a thiol
      group in catalysis.
AB  - To degrade storage proteins germinating seeds synthesize proteinases de novo that
      can be inhibited by thiol-blocking reagents [Baumgartner & Chrispeels (1977) Eur.
      J. Biochem. 77, 223-233]. We have elaborated a procedure for isolation of such a
      proteinase from the cotyledons of Phaseolus vulgaris. The purification procedure
      involved fractionation of the cotyledon homogenate with acetone and with
      (NH4)2SO4 and successive chromatographies on DEAE-cellulose, activated thiol
      Sepharose Sepharose and Sephacryl S-200. The purified enzyme has an Mr of 23,400,
      proved to be highly specific for the asparagine side chain and blocking of its
      thiol group resulted in loss of the catalytic activity. The chemical properties
      of the thiol group of the bean enzyme were investigated by acylation with t
      butyloxycarbonyl-L-asparagine p-nitro-phenyl ester and by alkylations with
      iodoacetamide and iodoacetate. Deviations from normal pH-rate profile were
      observed, which indicated that the thiol group is not a simple functional group,
      but constitutes a part of an interactive system at the active site. The pKa value
      for acylation and the magnitude of the rate constant for alkylation with
      iodoacetate revealed that the bean proteinase possesses some properties not
      shared by papain and the other cysteine proteinases studied to date.

PMID- 6385964
TI  - Cellular effects of proteinase activity in commercial xanthine oxidase.

PMID- 6385963
TI  - The phosphorylation of Escherichia coli isocitrate dehydrogenase in intact cells.
AB  - The isocitrate dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli ML308 can be reversibly
      activated by addition of pyruvate to cells growing on acetate [Bennett & Holms
      (1975) J. Gen. Microbiol. 87, 37-51]. By using cells pulse-labelled with [32P]Pi
      we showed that the activation and inactivation of the enzyme in these conditions
      correlate with its dephosphorylation and rephosphorylation respectively.
      Incubation of cell extracts prepared during an activation/inactivation cycle with
      purified isocitrate dehydrogenase phosphatase confirmed that the pyruvate-induced
      activation of the dehydrogenase goes essentially to completion. The results show
      that the reversible changes in the activity of the dehydrogenase in cells grown
      on acetate are solely due to phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. Inactive 32P
      labelled isocitrate dehydrogenase was isolated from cells incubated with [32P]Pi
      in the presence of acetate. Both this material and purified enzyme phosphorylated
      in vitro were digested with chymotrypsin, and the phosphopeptides were isolated
      and analysed. Only one phosphopeptide was observed in each case; the results show
      that the residue phosphorylated in vivo is identical with that phosphorylated by
      purified isocitrate dehydrogenase kinase in vitro.

PMID- 6385965
TI  - [Insulin extraction by the isolated perfused rat liver. The effect of portal
      insulin mass inflow and the duration of infusion on hepatic extraction and
      elimination rate of insulin].
AB  - Rat liver from well fed Wistar-rats was perfused in vitro at 37 degrees C in a
      flow-through system with Krebs-Ringer-bicarbonate buffer, pH 7.4, in the presence
      of 20 vol.-% freshly prepared bovine erythrocytes. After 20 min of liver
      perfusion, insulin was infused into the portal vein either in form of a three
      step profile at different insulin concentrations (every step lasting 20 min) or
      as a permanent infusion of insulin for 40 min. For each step the percentage of
      hepatic insulin extraction (%hIEx) and the hepatic insulin removal rate (hIRR)
      was calculated by means of radioimmunological insulin determination in both input
      and output of the liver. After a single passage about 53% of the portal insulin
      input of 68 ng insulin/min (step 1) were removed. The hIRR amounted to 4.1 ng
      insulin/min X g liver. If the insulin input was then increased to about 320 ng
      insulin/min (step 2), %hIEx decreased to 28%; under these conditions the hIRR
      amounted to 9,4 ng insulin/min X g liver. If the portal input of insulin again
      was reduced to 71 ng insulin/min (step 3), the %hIEx remained at about 28%
      despite a nearly identical input of insulin (compared with that of step 1). The
      hIRR was then only 2.2 ng insulin/min X g liver. During a 40 min permanent
      infusion of insulin (184 ng insulin/min) the %hIEx declines from 61% to about 20%
      within the first 20 min. Then %hIEx was stabilized at this level. hIRR shows a
      similar behaviour. These experiments show clearly that the %hIEX as well as the
      hIRR were changed significantly in dependence on portal insulin-input, on the
      duration of insulin infusion and in dependence on the extent of insulin load of
      the liver during perfusion.

PMID- 6385966
TI  - Calibration of hybridoma antibody assays by polyclonal supernatants produced in
      vitro.
AB  - Conventional antisera used as a positive control in antibody tests during
      hybridoma screening and processing can be replaced to advantage by supernatants
      of short term spleen cell cultures. Such cultures can easily be initiated from
      the same spleen cell suspension which is prepared in connection with a fusion
      experiment. Either supernatants of corresponding cultures from nonimmune animals
      or medium alone can serve as a negative control. In vitro produced polyclonal
      standards show very low background binding compared to antisera raised in vivo.
      They are convenient "ready-to-use" reagents with an antibody titer comparable to
      that expected in hybridoma culture fluids. There is no need for immunization and
      bleeding of separate animals. In addition, these supernatants provide an internal
      control of the immunization efficiency.

PMID- 6385967
TI  - The proteolytic activity of human prostate-specific antigen.
AB  - Human prostate-specific antigen has been found to exhibit a mild activity of
      protease at neutral pH. This finding is based on two observations: a proteolytic
      activity was always associated with the antigen fractions during purification,
      and the proteolytic activity and the antigen were precipitated with specific
      antibody to the antigen. In comparison with physico-chemical and catalytic
      properties of known proteases, human prostate-specific antigen is a distinct
      neutral protease.

PMID- 6385968
TI  - Necessity of polyamines for maximum in vivo synthesis of beta beta' subunits of
      RNA polymerase.
AB  - The possibility that polyamines can stimulate the in vivo synthesis of beta beta'
      subunits of RNA polymerase has been examined through the use of a polyamine
      requiring mutant of Escherichia coli. Results from autoradiographic estimation
      and activity measurement of RNA polymerase in cell extracts prepared from
      polyamine starved and unstarved bacteria showed that polyamines stimulate the
      synthesis of beta beta' subunits of RNA polymerase 2- to 3.6-fold.

PMID- 6385969
TI  - Location of glycerol phosphate acyltransferase in the transverse plane of
      mitochondrial outer membrane of guinea pig lung.
AB  - Incubation of guinea pig lung mitochondrial suspension in an isotonic low ionic
      strength buffer containing various proteolytic enzymes caused significant
      stimulation of the glycerophosphate acyltransferase activity. The maximal
      stimulation range between 20 and 105%, and the order was as follows: bromelain
      greater than chymotrypsin greater than pronase greater than trypsin greater than
      papain greater than nagarse. Under hypotonic conditions, over 85% of GAT was
      destroyed by all the proteolytic enzymes. Microsomal enzyme activity was
      consistently inhibited (greater than 95%) by exposure to any of these proteases
      even under isotonic conditions. These results suggest that GAT is located on the
      inner aspect of the mitochondrial outer membrane. Also, it is likely that a
      portion of this enzyme or that of a modulator is present in the outer side of the
      outer membrane and proteolysis of this component causes stimulation.

PMID- 6385970
TI  - Rapid calcium mobilization by vasopressin and prostaglandin F2 alpha is
      independent of sodium influx in quiescent 3T3 cells.
AB  - Vasopressin (VP) rapidly increased 45Ca2+ efflux. A VP antagonist prevented VP
      from mobilizing Ca2+ and stimulating DNA synthesis. Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2
      alpha) also stimulated rapid 45Ca2+ release. The effectiveness of different
      prostaglandins corresponded to their effectiveness as mitogens. The removal of
      external Na+ or Ca2+ had no effect on VP-or PGF2 alpha-induced 45Ca2+ release.
      The present results indicate that the mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ by these
      hormones is independent of Na+ or Ca2+ influx and that Ca2+ mobilization is
      important for growth stimulation.

PMID- 6385971
TI  - Absence of covalent binding by insulin to erythrocyte and reticulocyte insulin
      receptors.
AB  - We investigated whether insulin forms covalent bonds with its receptors on
      erythrocytes and reticulocytes, as it does in adipocytes (1). Of the [125I]
      insulin specifically bound at 37 degrees C to human and rat erythrocytes and rat
      reticulocytes, only 1.5-2.3% was non-dissociable on extensive washing. When
      ghosts prepared from the washed cells were solubilized in Triton X-100, only 0.6
      1.5% of the specifically bound radioactivity appeared in the void volume of a
      Sephadex G-50 column. Moreover in contrast to adipocytes, this high molecular
      weight radioactivity was not immunoprecipitable by antibodies to the insulin
      receptor and was dissociated during chromatography in sodium dodecyl sulphate.
      Thus we have been unable to demonstrate the formation of covalent bonds between
      insulin and its receptors on erythrocytes and reticulocytes. This finding is
      consistent with the hypothesis that covalent binding of insulin is a necessary
      receptor modification for insulin's metabolic effects.

PMID- 6385972
TI  - The expression of glycoproteins on single blood platelets from healthy
      individuals and from patients with congenital bleeding disorders.
AB  - Glycoproteins present on the surface of blood platelets are fundamental to normal
      blood platelet behaviour. We have used monoclonal antibodies and flow
      cytofluorimetry to study the expression of glycoproteins on single platelets from
      normal subjects, and from patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia and the
      Bernard-Soulier syndrome. We show that normal platelets are heterogeneous in that
      individual cells display markedly different numbers of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
      complex and glycoprotein Ib molecules. We also show that the two congenital
      bleeding disorders are associated with markedly reduced numbers of glycoprotein
      IIb/IIIa complex or glycoprotein Ib molecules on all the platelets rather than
      the difference residing in a sub-population.

PMID- 6385973
TI  - Induction of cellular DNA polymerases in a Burkitt lymphoma-derived cell line by
      treatment with 5-iododeoxyuridine.
AB  - Cellular DNA polymerases of a Burkitt lymphoma-derived cell line (P3HR-1) were
      found to be greatly induced by treatment of the cells with 5-iododeoxyuridine
      (IUdR) at a concentration which induces Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) early antigen
      (EA) expression. The activities of all the DNA Polymerases alpha, beta and gamma
      in P3HR-1 cells increased 7-9 fold by exposure of the cells to IUdR (25
      micrograms/ml) for 3 days, while the EBV-coded DNA polymerase activity in the
      cell remained undetectable under the assay conditions employed. Under the same
      culture conditions with IUdR, EA-positive P3HR-1 cells increased to 16.6% which
      was much higher than that of the non-treated control cells (0.32%). On the other
      hand, another Burkitt lymphoma cell line, Raji, had very low incidence (1.27%) of
      EA induction by IUdR-treatment and the level of DNA polymerase activities
      remained almost unchanged. From these results it seems that the increase in DNA
      polymerase activity during the treatment of P3HR-1 cells with IUdR is closely
      related to high incidence of EA expression in these Burkitt lymphoma cells. Also,
      the finding has revealed yet unknown effect of IUdR on cultured cells and
      provides a useful tool to obtain a large quantity of the induced cellular DNA
      polymerases from the P3HR-1 and KB cells.

PMID- 6385975
TI  - Selective inhibition of an enzyme in crude cell extracts. The use of subunits
      modified with a half-of-the-sites reagent.
AB  - Yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase carboxymethylated at four active
      site cysteine residues was incubated with a crude extract of baker's yeast. This
      resulted in a loss of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
      initially present in the extract. The extent of inactivation depended upon the
      ratio modified enzyme/enzyme present in the extract. Under appropriate conditions
      63.1% inactivation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in crude extract
      could be achieved. The observed effect is explained in terms of hybridization
      between the carboxymethylated dimers of the purified enzyme and dimeric species
      of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase present in the crude extract, the
      inactivation being due to the influence of the half-of-the-sites reagent
      transmitted via the interdimeric contacts.

PMID- 6385974
TI  - Antagonists of the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) with emphasis on
      the TRP7 of the salmon and chicken II LHRH's.
AB  - The sequences of four naturally occurring luteinizing hormone releasing hormones
      (LHRH's) differ only in positions 5, 7 and 8. Salmon and chicken II LHRH's have
      Trp7; porcine/ovine (P/O) and chicken I LHRH's have Leu7. The receptor for P/O
      LHRH might effectively bind certain antagonists with Trp7. Thirteen antagonists
      having Trp7 and eight antagonists with other substitutions in position 7 were
      synthesized. One of the thirteen antagonists with the natural Trp7, [N-Ac-D-2
      Nal1,D-pClPhe2,D-3-Pal3,D-Arg6,Trp7,D- Ala10]-LHRH, not only maintained activity,
      but had increased potency (ca. 58%; 90% antiovulatory activity/250 ng; rats) in
      comparison with the companion analog with the natural Leu7 of P/O LHRH. The other
      twelve Trp7-antagonists had lower potency.

PMID- 6385976
TI  - Inhibition of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli by pyran
      copolymer.
AB  - Pyran copolymer, a potent inhibitor of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from
      Escherichia coli, prevented polyribonucleotide synthesis by blocking both the
      initiation and elongation steps. The inhibition was noncompetitive with respect
      to template and nucleotide triphosphate substrates. Template binding and the
      stability of the nascent RNA chain were not affected by the inhibitor.

PMID- 6385977
TI  - Purification and some properties of four glutathione-S-transferase isoenzymes
      from rat testes.
AB  - Two anionic and two cationic glutathione-S-transferase (GST) isoenzymes were
      found in rat testes and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The enzymes are
      heterodimers with molecular weights of about 44 000 daltons and with widely
      overlapping specifities for electrophilic substrates. Only one isoenzyme yielded
      a positive immunoprecipitation reaction with antiserum against hepatic GST-B. The
      reactions with antiserum against hepatic GST-A were all negative. The Michaelis
      and association constants for some substrates were also determined.

PMID- 6385978
TI  - Interaction of baker's yeast transketolase modified by 2,3-butanedione with
      anionic and nonanionic substrates.
AB  - Baker's yeast apotransketolase modified by 2,3-butanedione binds thiamine
      pyrophosphate, a coenzyme of transketolase, and forms a charge transfer complex
      which can be identified by the CD spectrum. The enzyme retains thereby its
      ability to bind anionic and nonanionic substrates. The affinity of the modified
      enzyme for donor substrates changes insignificantly, whereas Vmax decreases 5-10
      fold. The results of the study show that, although the arginine residue of the
      active center is not involved in substrate binding, it is essential for
      catalysis.

PMID- 6385979
TI  - Actin and coordination of metabolic processes.
AB  - The current data on actin content in muscles and non-muscle cells were analyzed.
      It was demonstrated that actin is present in large amounts in all living cells.
      Study of actin interaction with different enzymes is of particular interest. A
      concept has been put forward, which is based on our experimental data and on the
      data obtained in other laboratories concerning the effects of F-actin on kinase
      phosphorylase, glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase.
      According to this concept, actin is a protein which coordinates metabolic
      processes.

PMID- 6385980
TI  - Preference of glucokinase for the alpha anomer of hexose: relation to alpha
      anomer preference in hexose-induced insulin release by pancreatic islets.
AB  - The alpha anomers of glucose and mannose were more rapidly phosphorylated than
      the beta anomers by rat liver glucokinase, whose chromatographic and kinetic
      properties are known to be quite similar to those of pancreatic islet
      glucokinase. This result may explain our previous findings of the alpha-anomeric
      preference in glucose- and mannose-stimulated insulin release, and therefore
      suggests to support the hypothesis that glucokinase in islets functions as a
      crucial hexose sensing enzyme for insulin release induced by glucose and mannose.

PMID- 6385981
TI  - The Shine and Dalgarno hypothesis for termination: the 3' terminus of the 16S
      rRNA of the Escherichia coli ribosome can be modified or base-paired with a
      complementary oligonucleotide without affecting termination in vitro.
AB  - The occurrence of the nucleotides "...CCUUAOH" at the 3' terminus of the 16S rRNA
      of the small subunit of the Escherichia coli ribosome led to the suggestion that
      they may have a direct base pairing with the termination codon in the termination
      event of protein biosynthesis (Shine and Dalgarno 1974). We have examined this
      concept with two approaches, firstly using a 30S subunit whose 16S rRNA has been
      modified with a fluorescein moiety on the terminal adenosine together with the
      antibody against the moiety, and secondly with an oligonucleotide, UAAGG,
      complementary to the terminal pentanucleotide sequence of the rRNA. Collectively
      the data suggest that the nucleotides at the 3' terminus of 16S rRNA are not
      critically involved in base pairing during termination codon recognition.

PMID- 6385982
TI  - A new alkaline elastase of an alkalophilic bacillus.
AB  - A new alkaline elastase was purified from the culture broth of an alkalophilic
      Bacillus sp. Ya-B. This was a serine proteinase. Molecular weight was 25,000. The
      optimum pH for elastin and casein was 11.75. The enzyme had very high specific
      activity, 12,400 units/mg protein for casein, and 2,440 units/mg protein for
      elastin at the optimum pH. It showed marked preference for elastin. The relative
      activity of elastin/casein of this enzyme was 17 and 6 times higher than those of
      subtilisin BPN' and subtilisin Carlsberg, respectively. This enzyme also had
      higher keratin and collagen hydrolyzing activity in comparison with subtilisin.

PMID- 6385983
TI  - Isoelectric focusing of bacterial DNA methylases.
AB  - The multiplicity of bacterial DNA methylases has been shown for new
      microorganisms, Mycobacteria and Shigella, by a double-step procedure including
      column chromatography followed by isoelectric focusing of the total methylase
      fraction. The profiles of the DNA methylating activity of Sh. sonnei 47 and M.
      butyricum strains were studied. Sh. sonnei 47 cells were found to contain five
      different proteins responsible for DNA methylation and having pI 4.2, 5.3, 6.2,
      8.4 and 9.2. Four M. butyricum methylases were represented by proteins with pI
      4.2, 6.0, 8.0 and 9.0.

PMID- 6385984
TI  - Identification and localization of antigens of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium
      falciparum, by immune precipitation.
AB  - Human immune sera from Thailand selectively immunoprecipitated P. falciparum (Kl
      isolate) [35S]methionine-labelled antigens with molecular weights of 85,000 and
      200,000, the latter being specific to the schizont stage. Radioiodination using
      Iodogen and Na 125I failed to label parasite proteins located on the external
      surface of schizont-infected human red cells.

PMID- 6385985
TI  - Absence of derepression of amino acids transport in Candida.
AB  - The transport of glycine, L-alanine, L-proline, L-leucine, L-lysine, L
      phenylalanine and L-glutamic acid did not enhance in various strains of Candida
      cells, when they were grown in proline containing medium or preincubated with
      proline. However, under similar conditions, a significant enhancement in the
      level of accumulation of amino acids (derepression) was observed in Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae X-2180-A2 (GAP+) cells, which was sensitive to ammonium ions (NH4+).
      As expected, the derepression was absent in GAP- cells of S. cerevisiae X-2180
      (GAP- mutant). In contrast to S. cerevisiae (GAP+) cells, the increase in few
      amino acids uptake in different Candida strains, grown in proline or preincubated
      in proline, could not be inhibited by cycloheximide, NH4+ or their D
      stereoisomers. It appears that derepression of amino acids transport, a well
      known phenomenon in S. cerevisiae, may not exist in Candida species.

PMID- 6385986
TI  - Identification by affinity chromatography of Escherichia coli ribosomal proteins
      that bind erythromycin and chloramphenicol.
AB  - Erythromycin and chloramphenicol have been coupled to epoxy-activated Sepharose
      6B. Extracted ribosomal proteins from 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits of
      Escherichia coli have been chromatographed on the coupled columns under
      reconstitution buffer conditions. Proteins bound to the columns were recovered
      and identified by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Proteins
      L4, L5 and L21 bound to both columns. Proteins S5 and S7 showed weak binding to
      erythromycin-Sepharose.

PMID- 6385987
TI  - Isolation and nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding human calmodulin.
AB  - We have isolated and determined the nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone that
      contains the entire coding sequence of human calmodulin and substantial parts of
      the untranslated flanking regions of the mRNA. This clone was detected
      serendipitously in the course of screening a cDNA library with a mixture of
      oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes based on a target amino acid sequence from an
      unrelated protein. The predicted primary structure of the translation product of
      the calmodulin mRNA is identical with that determined for calmodulin from human
      brain by direct amino acid sequence analysis except for the presence of an
      additional methionine residue at the N-terminus which appears to be the site of
      initiation.

PMID- 6385988
TI  - Serotonectin and the family of proteins that bind serotonin.

PMID- 6385989
TI  - [Nucleotide substitutions in the rpoB gene leading to rifampicin resistance of E.
      coli RNA polymerase].
AB  - Three new rif-r-mutations, obtained independently, were localized in the rpoB
      gene coding for the beta-subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of E. coli. Two
      of them led to identical Asp(516)-Asn amino acid substitution with relatively low
      resistance of corresponding E. coli strains to rifampicin. The third mutation
      affected the His 526 residue transforming it into Tyr and endowed the E. coli
      cells with a high resistance against rifampicin.

PMID- 6385990
TI  - [Peptides of the "middle molecule" group].
AB  - The "middle molecules", endotoxins of peptide nature appearing in biological
      fluids in several diseases, cause the disorder of many regulatory processes,
      suppress the functions of blood cells, affect the transport characteristics of
      cell membranes. The review covers different aspects of formation, structure and
      numerous biological effects of "middle molecules", including the molecular
      mechanism of their biological action.

PMID- 6385991
TI  - [Affinity chromatography of nucleases].
AB  - The review concerns isolation and purification of nucleases by affinity
      chromatography. Different stationary ligands and the methods for their
      immobilization on supports are described, along with diverse eluents and various
      procedures for a nuclease detachment from the affinity sorbents. The data on the
      affinity chromatography application for measuring the dissociation constants of
      the enzyme complexes with either immobilized or soluble ligands are compiled.

PMID- 6385992
TI  - [The role of carbohydrate groups in IgM. VIII. The effect of treatment of IgM
      with acids on the subsequent action of glycosidases and endogenous proteinases].
AB  - Exposure of IgM to acidic medium (pH approximately 3, 30 min, at 20 degrees) and
      subsequent returning to neutral conditions leads to irreversible changes in the
      state of the molecule. This results in the loss of IgM accessibility for the
      action of glycosidases and, at the same time, makes it more susceptible to the
      action of proteinases. Both effects are thought to be due to an irreversible
      conformational rearrangement of IgM in acidic medium.

PMID- 6385993
TI  - [Primary structure of the E. coli DNA region preceding the tryptophan operon
      genes].
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of 1179 b.p. preceding the trp operon genes has been
      established. There are no open reading frames large enough to code for proteins
      containing more than 97 amino acid residues. In all cases the coding sequences do
      not contain the initiation codons. The determined sequence is concluded to
      represent an intercistronic region.

PMID- 6385994
TI  - [Synthesis and anti-aggregating activity of 11-deoxyprostacyclin].
AB  - 11-Deoxyprostacyclin was prepared in three stages starting from the 11
      deoxyprostaglandin F2 alpha methyl ester. 11-Deoxyanalog showed 0,9% of natural
      prostacyclin potency in inhibition of platelet aggregation.

PMID- 6385995
TI  - [Study of the ribosome mRNA-binding region during different stages of
      translation. I. Functional activity of mRNA analogs, AUGU6 and its benzylidene
      derivatives, in ribosome-dependent protein synthesis].
AB  - Hexaribouridylic acid, prepared by digestion of poly(U) with cobra venom
      endonuclease, and trinucleotide AUG synthesized chemically by triester approach
      were joined by RNA-ligase to yield a nonaribonucleotide AUGU6 bearing the
      initiation codon at its 5'-terminus. 2',3'-O-(4-[N-(2-chloro(or hydroxy) ethyl-N
      Methylamino])- benzylidene residues were introduced at the 3'-terminus of
      oligonucleotide AUGU6 and its benzylidene derivatives AUGU6CHRCl or AUGU6CHROH
      were obtained. The mRNA analogs synthesized were tested for their template
      activity in the formation of 70S initiation complex. AUGU6, AUGU6CHRC1 and
      AUGU6CHROH were shown to stimulate factor-dependent binding of fMet-tRNA to
      ribosomes. The effect of benzylidene fragment on the template activity of
      AUGU6CHROH in the course of translation process was studied. It was shown that
      AUGU6CHROH stimulates synthesis of di- and tripeptides with the same efficiency
      as AUGU6.

PMID- 6385996
TI  - [Primary structure of the elongation factor G from Escherichia coli. V. Amino
      acid sequence of the C-terminal domain].
AB  - The amino acid sequence of the C-terminal domain of the elongation factor G (EF
      G) has been studied. The polypeptide chain of the domain consists of 228 amino
      acid residues, and contains no tryptophan or cysteine residues. To determine its
      structure, the peptides obtained as a result of the fragment digestion by
      staphylococcal glutamic protease, cyanogen bromide cleavage, and tryptic
      hydrolysis of the fragment modified by maleic anhydride have been analyzed, as
      well as peptides obtained after hydrolyses of cyanogen bromide fragments with
      chymotrypsin, thermolysin and trypsin.

PMID- 6385997
TI  - [Primary structure of the elongation factor G from Escherichia coli. VI.
      Structure of peptides of cyanogen bromide cleavage of the G-factor molecule].
AB  - Peptides obtained as a result of cyanogen bromide cleavage of the G-factor have
      been studied. All 12 peptides embracing the whole structure of fragment T4 have
      been isolated. For their amino acid sequence determination, cyanogen bromide
      peptides have been further cleaved with trypsin, chymotrypsin, thermolysin,
      staphylococcal glutamic protease and BNPS-skatole. The complete primary structure
      of 9 from 12 cyanogen bromide peptides has been determined.

PMID- 6385998
TI  - [Primary structure of the elongation factor G from Escherichia coli. VII. Study
      of peptides generated during hydrolysis of the T4 fragment by glutamic proteinase
      from Staphylococcus aureus].
AB  - For fragment T4, obtained on limited trypsinolysis of the G-factor, the amino
      acid sequence embracing 76% of its structure has been determined by analysis of
      peptides resulting from the fragment T4 cleavage with staphylococcal glutamic
      protease. These data permitted to assemble into one polypeptide chain 7 out of 12
      earlier characterized cyanogen bromide peptides contained in the fragment T4.

PMID- 6385999
TI  - [Primary structure of the elongation factor G from Escherichia coli. VIII.
      Structure of tryptic peptides comprising the T4 fragment of limited trypsinolysis
      of the G-factor].
AB  - Products of tryptic hydrolysis of the maleic anhydride modified fragment Th3 from
      limited thermolytic hydrolysis of the G-factor have been studied. Some short
      peptides which result from the trypsin action on the native G-factor molecule and
      belong to the fragment T4 obtained on limited trypsinolysis of the G-factor have
      been separated and their structure has been studied. As a result amino acid
      sequence has been determined by tryptic peptides containing 322 amino acid
      residues of the fragment T4 which makes up about 94% of its polypeptide chain.

PMID- 6386000
TI  - [Primary structure of the elongation factor G from Escherichia coli. IX.
      Structure of peptides generated by cyanogen bromide cleavage of the G-factor
      isolated on thiol-activated sepharose and of the products of the G-factor
      cleavage at Asp-Pro bonds. Complete primary structure].
AB  - The amino acid sequence of cysteine- and cystine-containing peptides resulting
      from cleavage of the G-factor by cyanogen bromide has been determined. For
      structure analysis cyanogen bromide peptides were further degradated using
      trypsin, chymotrypsin, thermolysin, staphylococcal glutamic protease, or limited
      acid hydrolysis. The products of the G-factor cleavage at Asp-Pro bonds were also
      studied. The obtained data together with those published earlier permitted to
      establish the complete primary structure of the elongation factor G. The
      polypeptide chain consists of 701 amino acid residues and has molecular mass of
      77321,46.

PMID- 6386001
TI  - [Glycoproteins of RNA-containing enveloped viruses].
AB  - Literature on the structure and biosynthesis of glycoproteins, main antigens of
      enveloped viruses, is summarized. Methods of selective solubilization, isolation
      and identification of glycoproteins are analyzed. Data on structure elucidation
      of their peptide and carbohydrate components as well as current views on the
      biosynthesis of glycoproteins, whose carbohydrate chains are linked to a peptide
      skeleton by the N-glycosidic bond, are presented. Biological role of the
      carbohydrate chains in such glycoproteins is discussed.

PMID- 6386002
TI  - Trial of platelet-inhibiting drug in scleroderma. Double-blind study with
      dipyridamole and aspirin.
AB  - In a randomized, double-blind, controlled study, 28 patients with early
      scleroderma received dipyridamole (225 mg/day) and aspirin (975 mg/day) or
      placebo for 1-2 years. No significant clinical or objective laboratory
      improvement was noted in either group. Platelet survival time, plasma renin
      activity, and coagulation tests were not predictive of disease course.
      Biomechanical and vascular tests of the hands correlated with clinical extent of
      skin induration and presence of finger ulcers, respectively.

PMID- 6386003
TI  - Multiplicity of antibodies in myositis sera.
AB  - Serologic studies on 114 patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis revealed
      that 89% had either a precipitating antibody to antigens in calf thymus extract
      or a positive immunofluorescent reaction on HEp-2 cells, a human tissue culture
      line. Previously, the greatest proportion of polymyositis sera demonstrating
      positive serologic results (i.e., the proportion of patients' sera forming
      precipitates with calf thymus extract) was reported to be 60%. Use of the HEp-2
      cell as immunofluorescent substrate enabled the detection of antibody in 89 (78%)
      of the sera, providing the additional probe which demonstrated specific antibody.
      Nuclear, cytoplasmic, and nucleolar staining are the most common patterns of
      immunofluorescence. The immunofluorescent patterns and individual precipitin
      reactions are related to each other and to the clinical syndromes in which they
      appear.

PMID- 6386005
TI  - Arthritis in the paintings of Sandro Botticelli.

PMID- 6386004
TI  - Immunofluorescent detection of IgG at the dermal-epidermal junction in patients
      with apparent primary fibrositis syndrome.

PMID- 6386006
TI  - Doubts about Sandro Botticelli's depiction of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6386009
TI  - Licensure for speech-language pathologists and audiologists.

PMID- 6386007
TI  - Acebutolol and nifedipine in the treatment of arterial hypertension: efficacy and
      acceptability.
AB  - The antihypertensive efficacy and the acceptability of nifedipine (NI, Adalat)
      and the usefulness of its combination with a beta 1-selective blocking drug,
      acebutolol (AC), were studied in a placebo controlled trial on 15 patients with
      moderate hypertension. The study consisted of three phases: 1. An acute test,
      including the single blind comparison of three different single doses of NI (5,
      10, 20 mg), alone and in combination with AC 200 mg, with placebo and with AC
      alone (200 mg), showed an early hypotensive effect, with no differences for the
      three doses of NI, reaching the maximum between 50 and 240 min, greater than the
      one of AC, and smaller in comparison with the one of the combinations, which
      didn't differ at the three doses of NI. Heart rate (HR) and side effects,
      instead, increased with the increasing doses of NI, suggesting a worse
      acceptability for the greater doses. 2. A long-term treatment, including a double
      blind comparison of three separate periods of 4 weeks of treatment with NI (10 mg
      three times a day), AC (200 mg three times a day) and with the combination of the
      same doses, showed a significant reduction of systolic and diastolic blood
      pressure (BP) for each treatment, not significantly different at rest for the
      three single drugs but greater for the combined treatment, assuring also a better
      control of systolic BP during exercise. A reduced number of side effects was seen
      with the combined therapy which seems to contribute to a better
      compliance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6386008
TI  - 6-Month double-blind randomised clinical trial of Ginkgo biloba extract versus
      placebo in two parallel groups in patients suffering from peripheral arterial
      insufficiency.
AB  - 79 patients suffering from peripheral arteriopathy (Fontaine's stage IIb)
      completed a 6-month double-blind randomised clinical trial of Ginkgo biloba
      extract (GBE) (as coated tablets containing 40 mg GBE; rokan) versus placebo in
      two parallel groups. From the results of measurements of pain-free walking
      distance, maximum walking distance and plethysmography recordings, GBE was shown
      to be active and significantly superior to placebo. These results correlated with
      the physician's and patients' overall assessment of response to treatment.

PMID- 6386010
TI  - Twenty five years of Asha.

PMID- 6386011
TI  - Mozart's illness & death.

PMID- 6386012
TI  - Isonicotinic acid: properties and analytical methods. A review.

PMID- 6386013
TI  - [Multicystic encephalomalacia complicating neonatal herpes simplex encephalitis:
      clinical findings and neonatal ultrasound appearance].

PMID- 6386014
TI  - [Recent advances in brain metabolic activators].

PMID- 6386015
TI  - [A case of intracranial malignant lymphoma with pure akinesia and repeated
      regression on CT scans].
AB  - In a case of primary reticulum cell sarcoma in the brain, histologically verified
      by biopsy, the tumor regressed twice on a CT scan without radiotherapy. The
      systemic freezing phenomenon was seen as a main clinical symptom. The patient, a
      44 year-old male, first complained of decreased livido and festinating speech. He
      also showed frozen gait, micrographia, a decrease in spontaneity and urinary
      incontinence. Four months after onset he was hospitalized. Neurological findings
      on admission revealed freezing of gait, writing, and speech, but there was no
      weakness of muscles with normal tendon reflexes, and normal muscular tone. In the
      CT scan on admission, there were high density areas mainly in the head of the
      right caudate nucleus, the medial deep portion of the right frontal lobe, the
      right side of the hypothalamus, the anterior thalamus, the globus pallidus. There
      were also nodular-type enhanced effects in the same areas. Regression of the
      tumor was seen on the CT scans after administration of betamethasone. The tumor
      which had again increased in size regressed spontaneously without the use of
      steroids after 3 months. Thereafter, the tumor gradually became larger and an
      open biopsy was performed. Histopathological findings showed a reticulum cell
      sarcoma. There were no findings of systemic malignant lymphoma. Such intracranial
      malignant lymphomas showing repeated regression including spontaneous one are
      very rare in the literature. The freezing phenomenon in this case started with
      festinating speech and spread to writing and gait. L-DOPA had no effect.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6386017
TI  - Failures in full crown retained dental bridges.

PMID- 6386018
TI  - The relationship between periodontal disease and its treatment in the General
      Dental Service in Scotland.

PMID- 6386016
TI  - [Topography of the serotonin neurons in the brain stem of human fetus: an
      immunohistochemical study].
AB  - The distribution of serotonin neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) has
      been intensively examined in mammals, such as rats, cats and monkeys. However,
      the details of serotonin neuron system have been remained uncertain in human CNS,
      although two fluorescence histochemical studies were reported in human fetus. In
      this study, we performed immunohistochemical examination on the distribution of
      serotonin neurons in the brain stem of human fetuses. The brain stems from five
      human fetuses (CRL: 120-275 mm, GA: 15-27 wks) were fixed with 4%
      paraformaldehyde, dehydrated with graded ethanol, and embedded in paraffin.
      Serial sections, 6 micron in thickness, were cut from seven different levels of
      the brain stem of each fetus. The initial several sections were used for usual
      histological observations. The following serial ones were stained by peroxidase
      antiperoxidase (PAP) technique using anti-serotonin sera. The anti-serotonin sera
      used were raised in rabbits by the methods of Ranadive and Sehon (1967), Grota
      and Brown (1974), and Steinbusch et al (1978). Before the use, the specificity of
      the antisera was confirmed by the immunohistochemical examination of the CNS of
      rat embryos and adults. Positively stained serotonin neurons were clearly
      demonstrated in the brain stems of all cases examined (Figs. 1A-1H). They were
      small to medium in size, 10 X 20 micron to 20 X 40 micron, and varied in shape,
      showing round to oval cell somata with unipolar, bipolar and multipolar
      processes. The distribution of serotonin neurons in the brain stems was almost
      the same among five human fetuses (Figs. 2A-2K). A large number of serotonin
      neurons were located in the midline raphe nuclei. In addition, numerous serotonin
      neurons were observed widely in the other tegmental area. The nuclei containing
      serotonin neurons were listed in Table 2 according to the terminology by
      Olszewski and Baxter (1982). The distribution of the serotonin neurons in the
      raphe nuclei of human fetuses was fundamentally similar to those of many mammals
      reported previously. However, the lateral extension of serotonin neurons to the
      other tegmental area beyond the midline raphe nuclei in human fetuses was much
      greater than in any other mammals. This distribution pattern of serotonin neurons
      was considered to be peculiar to human fetus. Since the histological architecture
      of the brain stems of five fetuses examined was very similar to that of human
      adults, the distribution of serotonin neurons demonstrated here may also
      represent that of human adults.

PMID- 6386019
TI  - Extradural morphine and pain relief following episiotomy.
AB  - One hundred and fifty obstetric patients, who had received intrapartum extradural
      analgesia with bupivacaine, and had required episiotomy, were given a final
      postpartum injection of preservative-free morphine in saline, or saline alone, on
      a double-blind basis. The degree of perineal analgesia was assessed by linear
      analogue scale at intervals up to 36 h, and oral analgesic requirements were
      recorded. A significant degree of analgesia was obtained for up to 12 h with
      morphine 2 mg, compared with saline. Increasing the dose to 4 mg increased the
      occurrence of side-effects, and was associated with less marked analgesia.

PMID- 6386020
TI  - Use of alcuronium in patients undergoing renal transplantation.
AB  - Alcuronium 0.16 mg kg-1 was used to provide neuromuscular blockade in patients
      with chronic renal failure undergoing renal transplantation. Relaxation was found
      to be adequate for intubation and surgery. There were minimal alterations to
      cardiovascular variables. The dose required was small, and complete reversal
      occurred with neostigmine. Although the number of patients is small, the drug may
      be of value as an alternative to tubocurarine or pancuronium in such patients.

PMID- 6386021
TI  - Two-stage infusion of etomidate for the induction and maintenance of anaesthesia.
AB  - A two-stage infusion technique of etomidate with a separate infusion of fentanyl
      was compared with thiopentone and halothane or morphine, plus nitrous oxide in
      oxygen, for the induction and maintenance of anaesthesia in 200 patients.
      Cardiovascular and respiratory indices and recovery times were found to be
      similar in the two groups.

PMID- 6386023
TI  - Effect of indapamide on the renin-aldosterone system, and urinary excretion of
      potassium and calcium in essential hypertension.
AB  - The effect of indapamide, 2.5 mg daily, on blood pressure, electrolyte balance
      and the renin-aldosterone system was studied in 11 patients with essential
      hypertension. During indapamide treatment blood pressure decreased and the renin
      aldosterone system was stimulated. A moderate hypokalaemia seen during indapamide
      treatment was not correlated to changes in plasma aldosterone concentration.
      Fractional excretion of potassium was unchanged during treatment, while renal
      calcium excretion was reduced. No effect on calcium in serum was observed.

PMID- 6386022
TI  - Effect of indoramin, labetalol and alinidine on sympathetic function in normal
      man.
AB  - The effects of single oral doses of indoramin (mean dose 58 mg), abetalol (mean
      dose 150 mg), alinidine 80 mg and placebo on arterial pressure and heart rate in
      the supine and standing positions were studied in six normal volunteers. Doses
      were chosen to give equivalent reductions of arterial pressure in the standing
      position. Observations were made before and at 2 and 4 h after drug
      administration. Plasma noradrenaline (NA) was measured at each time interval in
      the supine position, and after 4 min of standing. Plasma renin activity (PRA) was
      measured at each time interval after 30 min in the standing position. In the
      supine position, alinidine produced a significant reduction of systolic arterial
      pressure from 124.0 +/- 3.0 mm Hg to 104.3 +/- 4.1 mm Hg at 2 h (P less than
      0.01) and to 101.7 +/- 2.2 mm Hg at 4 h (P less than 0.01). Diastolic pressure
      was reduced from 74.7 +/- 2.6 mm Hg to 57.0 +/- 4.6 mm Hg at 4 h (P less than
      0.01). Arterial pressure was unchanged after indoramin or labetalol
      administration. In the supine position, heart rate was unchanged after indoramin,
      and small reductions were observed after labetalol and alinidine. Indoramin
      produced a significant increase in plasma NA. A small increase of plasma NA was
      observed after labetalol, and a small decrease after alinidine. In the standing
      position, the three active drugs reduced systolic arterial pressure to a similar
      extent (indoramin, -26.7 mm Hg at 4 h after drug administration; labetalol, -21.3
      mm Hg at 2 h; alinidine, -21.7 mm Hg at 4 h).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6386024
TI  - The short term effects of bezafibrate on the hypertriglyceridaemia of moderate to
      severe uraemia.
AB  - Hypertriglyceridaemia, an atherogenic risk factor, is a well recognised
      complication of uraemia, and is present in the earliest stages of the disease.
      Bezafibrate is an effective hypolipidaemic agent, and its effect in moderate to
      severe uraemia is documented in this study. Significant reductions in serum
      triglyceride and cholesterol have been achieved after 1 month's therapy with a
      reduced dosage of bezafibrate. A reduction in the hyperinsulinaemia was also
      seen, but no change in the fractional removal rate of injected lipid emulsion
      (K2) was observed. An accelerated decline in some patients' renal function was
      observed, which was partially reversed on cessation of treatment. Reversible
      elevations in the serum creatinine phosphokinase were also seen, but no patient
      exhibited the myositis-like syndrome associated with clofibrate.

PMID- 6386025
TI  - Metabolic effects of high dose amiloride and spironolactone: a comparative study
      in normal subjects.
AB  - Amiloride (75 mg daily) and spironolactone (300 mg daily) were given to five
      normal subjects for 7 days in order to compare metabolic effects at maximal
      doses. Blood pressure, body weight, Na+ and K+ balance, and plasma concentrations
      of Na+, K+, active and total renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone, 11
      deoxycorticosterone (DOC), 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone (18-OH DOC),
      corticosterone (B), 18-hydroxycorticosterone (18-OH B) and cortisol were measured
      before and on each day of treatment. Natriuresis and K+ retention were
      significantly greater with amiloride. Plasma K+ increased from 4.1 +/- 0.2 to 4.9
      +/- 0.2 mmol/l (mean +/- s.d.) on amiloride and from 4.0 +/- 0.2 to 4.4 +/- 0.2
      mmol/l with spironolactone. Stimulation of renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone and
      18-OH B occurred with both drugs but was greater with amiloride in each case. A
      transient decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed after 2
      days of spironolactone treatment but not with amiloride. The slope of the
      regression of aldosterone on angiotensin II during spironolactone treatment was
      less than that with amiloride, consistent with partial blockade of aldosterone
      synthesis by spironolactone. These data suggest that the maximum metabolic
      effects of amiloride exceed those of spironolactone.

PMID- 6386027
TI  - Differences in tumour necrosis factor productive ability among rodents.
AB  - Large differences in tumour necrosis factor (TNF) productive ability
      05337257erved among various strains of mice. DDY, CD-1, ICR and DBA/2 mice could
      produce a high titre of TNF activity, whereas Balb/c, C3H/HeJms and A/J mice
      produced a low titre of TNF activity. Administration of 200 micrograms/mouse of
      LPS to some strains of mice, i.e. DDD and C57B1/6J resulted in good production of
      TNF. ICR nu/nu mice produced the highest TNF activity among the nude mice. Balb/c
      nu/nu and DDD nu/nu mice exhibited very low titres of TNF activity. Nude mice
      required a rather higher dose of the priming agent, Propionibacterium acnes, than
      heterozygote littermates. Although it is commonly accepted that dual stimulation
      is necessary for TNF production, TNF activity was detected without the priming
      agent in SD rats and Golden hamsters by single injection of LPS. In these
      animals, much higher TNF production was observed after Propionibacterium acnes
      treatment than after a single injection of LPS. Large differences in TNF
      productive ability also existed among strains of rats. Although all animals
      receiving priming agents revealed hyperplasia of reticuloendothelial system, the
      sensitivity of the animals to LPS is considered to be the most important factor
      in their TNF productive ability.

PMID- 6386028
TI  - A controlled trial of 6 months' chemotherapy in pulmonary tuberculosis. Final
      report: results during the 36 months after the end of chemotherapy and beyond.
      British Thoracic Society.
AB  - Two 6-month regimens of isoniazid and rifampicin supplemented for the first 2
      months by streptomycin and pyrazinamide (SHRZ6 regimen), or by ethambutol and
      pyrazinamide (EHRZ6 regimen), were compared with a 9-month regimen of isoniazid
      and rifampicin supplemented for the first 2 months by ethambutol (EHR9 regimen).
      All 444 patients who completed chemotherapy had negative sputum cultures by the
      end of treatment. Of these, 373 have been followed for a minimum duration of 36
      months after the end of chemotherapy. Relapses have occurred in two of 119 SHRZ6
      patients, four of 127 EHRZ6 patients and two of 127 EHR9 patients. These results
      demonstrate that the two 6-month regimens are as effective as the currently
      recommended 9-month regimen. They are equally well tolerated and have the
      advantages of being shorter and cheaper. The Research Committee of the British
      Thoracic Society now recommends the use of either of the two 6-month regimens as
      an alternative to the currently recommended 9-month regimen.

PMID- 6386026
TI  - Use and abuse of antibiotics.

PMID- 6386029
TI  - Review of smooth muscle tumours of the lower respiratory tract.
AB  - A case of leiomyoma of the lung was described by our department 17 years ago. We
      now report three new cases of smooth muscle tumours of the lower respiratory
      tract: a leiomyoma of the lung, a leiomyosarcoma of the right main bronchus, and
      a leiomyoma of the trachea. Whereas in the previous case the tumour was
      bronchoscopically removed, all the recent tumours were surgically resected. All
      the patients have done well, including the one with the leiomyosarcoma who
      underwent surgery 7.5 years ago. One hundred and eighty cases of leiomyoma and
      leiomyosarcoma of the lung and trachea have been reported to date. Pulmonary
      leiomyoma most commonly presents as an asymptomatic solitary lung nodule. The
      endobronchial variety may cause cough, haemoptysis, or shortness of breath. Most
      of these tumours were dealt with by major pulmonary resection, although a lesser
      resection would have sufficed in many cases if a histological diagnosis had been
      established prior to surgery. Pulmonary leiomyosarcoma may occur at any age, and
      is much more common in females. The majority of the patients have thoracic
      symptoms. These neoplasms seem resistant to chemotherapy or radiotherapy and
      should be treated by radical resection whenever possible, which results in a 45%
      5-year survival rate. Only seven cases of leiomyosarcoma and 12 cases of
      leiomyoma of the trachea have been reported. These usually cause respiratory
      obstruction and/or haemoptysis. The malignant as well as the benign tumour is
      probably best treated by complete surgical resection.

PMID- 6386030
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of epidermal basement membrane laminin and type
      IV collagen in bullous lesions of dermatitis herpetiformis.
AB  - Antibodies against the human basement membrane proteins, laminin and the 7-S
      domain of type IV collagen, were used to study the epidermal basement membrane in
      lesional skin from four patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. The staining
      pattern of both antigens was mostly fragmented and sometimes absent on papillary
      microabscesses, but when present it was attached to the epidermal basal cells. On
      papillary microblisters and larger blisters the staining of both antigens showed
      discontinuities and was located in the floor of the blister, except for two cases
      where tiny fragments of laminin staining were also seen in the roof of larger
      blisters. These results suggest that blister formation in dermatitis
      herpetiformis takes place between the epidermal basal cells and the basement
      membrane.

PMID- 6386031
TI  - Superficial X-ray therapy in the treatment of constitutional eczema of the hands.
AB  - Twenty-four patients with chronic symmetrical constitutional eczema of the hands
      treated with a combination of topical therapy and conventional superficial X-ray
      therapy. In a double-blind fashion one hand was irradiated with 100 rad (1Gy) at
      50 kV on three occasions at intervals of 21 days and the other hand was given a
      placebo treatment. Each hand received the same topical medication, which was
      adjusted as necessary at each visit. The patients were seen 6, 9 and 18 weeks
      after X-ray therapy commenced. A significantly better therapeutic result, as
      assessed independently by both the patient and the observer, was recorded on the
      hand which had received active X-ray treatment. The advantage bestowed by active
      X-ray therapy was greatest 6 to 9 weeks after the start of treatment, but was
      still present after 18 weeks.

PMID- 6386032
TI  - A double-blind study of superficial radiotherapy in chronic palmar eczema.
AB  - The effect of superficial radiotherapy as an adjunct to topical therapy in
      recalcitrant chronic symmetrical palmar eczema was assessed in fifteen patients
      by randomly allocating active treatment to one palm while the other, which
      received simulated therapy, served as a control. There was a significantly better
      response to active treatment at 1 month but this difference was no longer
      apparent at 3 and 6 months.

PMID- 6386033
TI  - Topical zinc oxide treatment improves arterial and venous leg ulcers.
AB  - We performed a randomized, double-blind study of the efficacy of locally applied
      zinc oxide on the healing of leg ulcers. Thirty-seven geriatric patients,
      nineteen with arterial and eighteen with venous leg ulcers, were treated either
      with a gauze compress medicated with zinc oxide (400 micrograms ZnO/cm2) or with
      an identical compress without zinc oxide. The treatment was assessed from ulcer
      size measurements and the presence or absence of granulation and ulcer
      debridement over a period of 8 weeks. The zinc-treated patients (83% success
      rate) responded significantly better (P less than 0.05) than the placebo-treated
      patients (42% success rate). The results suggest that healing of leg ulcers is
      improved after the addition of zinc oxide to the local regimen.

PMID- 6386034
TI  - Superficial X-ray therapy in the treatment of palmoplantar pustulosis.

PMID- 6386035
TI  - Superficial X-ray therapy in the treatment of constitutional eczema of the feet.

PMID- 6386036
TI  - Factors influencing the regularity of meditation practice in a clinical
      population.
AB  - Tests were administered to out-patients before learning meditation. High pre-test
      scores on sensitization, suggestibility, introversion, neuroticism and perceived
      symptomatology predicted a low practice frequency. Gender, expectations,
      credibility, locus of control and self-esteem were unrelated to outcome. By two
      years, 54 per cent had stopped meditating. Meditation appeared to be more
      rewarding for subjects with milder complaints.

PMID- 6386037
TI  - Placental protein 12 (PP12) in menstrual fluid.
AB  - In a previous study we found placental protein 12 (PP12) in the human
      endometrium. We now show that PP12-like immunoreactive material is released into
      menstrual fluid where it occurs at concentrations from 43 to 32 000 micrograms/1.
      The PP12 levels in menstrual fluid are 2- to 2000-fold higher than in serum of
      the same individuals thus suggesting that the protein either concentrates or is
      produced in the endometrium. The addition of protease inhibitors has no effect on
      the PP12 levels. In radioimmunoassay, the dose-response curves of menstrual fluid
      PP12 and placental PP12 are parallel. Experiments with fused rocket immuno
      electrophoresis show that menstrual and placental PP12 are indistinguishable from
      each other. In gel filtration, menstrual PP12 has the same molecular weight as
      that of purified placental PP12. By immuno-peroxidase staining, PP12 is localized
      in the glandular epithelial cells of the menstrual endometrium. The glandular
      localization and high concentration of PP12 in menstrual fluid, as compared with
      PP12 levels in serum and endometrium, suggest that PP12 may be secreted by the
      endometrium.

PMID- 6386038
TI  - The value of immunohistochemical markers in the diagnosis of cervical neoplasia.
AB  - This study was designed to determine whether immunohistochemical stains for
      tumour-associated markers may be useful in the detection and differential
      diagnosis of premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix. The expression of
      four markers detected by monoclonal antibodies, human milk fat globule 1 and 2
      (HMFG-1 and 2), Ca1 and anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (anti-CEA) on conventional
      histological sections of various cervical lesions has been investigated. None of
      these markers was specific for neoplastic lesions of the cervix and all four
      markers were expressed by metaplastic as well as neoplastic cells, and it was
      concluded that their application in the histopathological examination of the
      cervix is limited.

PMID- 6386039
TI  - The expression of Ca antigen in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic endometrium.
AB  - The expression of Ca antigen in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic endometria
      has been studied by an immunoperoxidase technique. Ca antigen was frequently
      detectable in normal secretory endometrium, was found only rarely in cystic
      glandular hyperplasia or hyperplasia with architectural atypia, was expressed
      with moderate frequency in hyperplasia with cytological atypia and was invariably
      present in endometrial adenocarcinoma. It is concluded that the Ca antigen is of
      no discriminatory value in differentiating between hyperplastic and neoplastic
      conditions of the endometrium.

PMID- 6386040
TI  - Doppler blood flow waveforms in the descending thoracic aorta of the human fetus.
AB  - A linear-array pulsed Doppler duplex has been used to study third-trimester
      Doppler flow velocity waveforms (FVW) in the descending thoracic aorta of 98
      normal and 20 severely growth-retarded fetuses. Waveforms have been normalized
      (frequency index profile; FIP) to remove the effect of the angle of insonation
      and so allow comparison at different gestational ages and with complicated
      pregnancies. There is an increase in end-diastolic velocities with advancing
      gestational age indicating a reduction in placental resistance. The growth
      retarded fetuses showed a significant reduction in end-diastolic velocities and
      an increase in the pulsatility index (normal PI: mean 1.83, SD 0.22; growth
      retarded PI: mean 2.78, SD 0.60). This reduction of diastolic blood flow may
      indicate reduced placental vascularity and predict impending fetal hypoxia.

PMID- 6386041
TI  - An antibody probe to determine the native species of glycinamide ribonucleotide
      transformylase in chicken liver.
AB  - Antibody probes of Western blots [Renart, J., Reiser, J., & Stark, G. (1979)
      Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76, 3116] of chicken liver homogenates under
      various conditions revealed that glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase can be
      rapidly proteolyzed in such homogenates. These findings, along with molecular
      weight measurements by ultracentrifugation, identify the true form of glycinamide
      ribonucleotide transformylase as a monomeric protein of 117000 daltons. This
      protein has been purified 400-fold in 44% yield from chicken liver in one step on
      an affinity column of 10-formyl-5,8-dideazafolate-Sepharose. Native glycinamide
      ribonucleotide transformylase retains full activity after proteolytic cleavage to
      a form (Mr 55000) similar to fragments seen in the Western blot of the
      homogenates. This phenomenon may be responsible for the previous identification
      of glycinamide ribonucleotide (GAR) transformylase as a dimer of 55000-dalton
      subunits. Similar analyses using antibodies to 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide
      ribonucleotide (AICAR) transformylase [Mueller, W. T., & Benkovic, S. J. (1981)
      Biochemistry 20, 337] and trifunctional enzyme [Smith, G. K., Mueller, W. T.,
      Wasserman, G. F., Taylor, W. D., & Benkovic, S. J. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 4313]
      confirm that these two proteins were isolated in their native forms.

PMID- 6386042
TI  - Chemical modification of acetylcholinesterase from eel and basal ganglia: effect
      on the acetylcholinesterase and aryl acylamidase activities.
AB  - The effect of chemical modification on the acetylcholinesterase and the aryl
      acylamidase activities of purified acetylcholinesterase from electric eel and
      basal ganglia was investigated in the presence and absence of acetylcholine, the
      substrate of acetylcholinesterase, and 1,5-bis[4
      (allyldimethylammonium)phenyl]pentan-3-one dibromide (BW284C51), a reversible
      competitive inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid,
      pyridoxal phosphate, acetic anhydride, diethyl pyrocarbonate, and 2-hydroxy-5
      nitrobenzyl bromide under specified conditions inactivated both
      acetylcholinesterase and aryl acylamidase in the absence of acetylcholine and
      BW284C51. Chemical modifications in the presence of acetylcholine and BW284C51 by
      all the above except diethyl pyrocarbonate selectively prevented the loss of
      acetylcholinesterase but not aryl acylamidase activity; modification by diethyl
      pyrocarbonate in the presence of acetylcholine and BW284C51 prevented the loss of
      both acetylcholinesterase and aryl acylamidase activities. Treatment with N
      acetylimidazole resulted in the inactivation of acetylcholinesterase and the
      activation of aryl acylamidase. These changes in both the activities could be
      prevented by acetylcholine and BW284C51. Modification by phenylglyoxal, 2,4
      pentanedione, or N-ethylmaleimide did not affect the enzyme activities.
      Indophenylacetate hydrolase activity followed a pattern similar to that of
      acetylcholinesterase in all the above modification studies. The results suggested
      essential lysine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and histidine residues for the active
      center of acetylcholinesterase and essential lysine, histidine, and tryptophan
      residues for the active center of aryl acylamidase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6386043
TI  - Reaction of 4-trans-(N,N-dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde with the liver alcohol
      dehydrogenase-oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide complex.
AB  - Evidence that horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase forms a ternary complex with 4
      trans-(N,N-dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde (DACA) and oxidized nicotinamide adenine
      dinucleotide (NAD+) is presented. Formation of the complex is characterized by a
      97-nm red shift of the free chromophore to 495 nm (epsilon 495 approximately 6.0
      X 10(4) M-1 cm-1). This shift is larger than the 66-nm red shift of the E(NADH,
      DACA) complex (lambda max = 464 nm) previously reported by Dunn and Hutchinson
      [Dunn, M.F., & Hutchison, J.S. (1973) Biochemistry 12, 4882-4892]. The large red
      shift of the E(NAD+,DACA) complex is due to the combined effects of coordination
      of the carbonyl oxygen of DACA to the active-site zinc ion and to the close
      proximity of the positively charged nicotinamide ring of NAD+. The stability of
      this complex is pH dependent and depends on a single apparent ionization with pKa
      = 7.6 +/- 0.3. The pH-independent dissociation constant for binding of DACA to
      E(NAD+) is 23 +/- 6 microM. The stoichiometry of DACA binding to the E(NAD+)
      complex is shown to be one per active site (two per enzyme molecule). Liver
      alcohol dehydrogenase is also shown to catalyze the NAD+-mediated oxidation of
      DACA to the corresponding carboxylic acid with a very slow turnover rate. The
      possibility that the observed E(NAD+,DACA) complex is an intermediate in the
      enzyme-catalyzed oxidation of DACA is discussed.

PMID- 6386044
TI  - Fast kinetic study of yeast phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase: role of tRNAPhe in the
      discrimination between tyrosine and phenylalanine.
AB  - An extensive study of the discrimination between phenylalanine and tyrosine by
      yeast phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase was carried out in the presence of native
      tRNAPhe. Our results clearly show that, besides the previously reported
      dissociation of tyrosyl adenylate from the enzyme template [Lin, S. X.,
      Baltzinger, M., & Remy, P. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 681-689], two more correction
      processes are involved in the rejection of tyrosine in the presence of tRNAPhe. A
      minor part of the misactivated tyrosine is indeed transferred to tRNAPhe, but the
      resulting misaminoacylated tRNA is very rapidly hydrolyzed (kh approximately
      equal to 60 s-1), as it has already been shown for other systems. However, the
      major part of the misactivated tyrosine is rejected as the result of a
      pretransfer correction consisting of the fast hydrolysis (k'h approximately equal
      to 20 s-1) of the enzyme-bound noncognate adenylate induced by the binding of
      native tRNAPhe. The transfer step itself is found to be non-specific, as the rate
      constant is almost the same for phenylalanine and tyrosine. This result is
      supported by the observation that tyrosine and phenylalanine are also transferred
      at the same rate to tRNAPheox-red. It is shown that the integrity of the 3'
      terminal adenosine of the tRNA is critical for triggering the pretransfer
      hydrolysis of enzyme-bound noncognate aminoacyl adenylate. A detailed kinetic
      analysis is presented that shows that the observed rate constant of tRNAPhe
      tyrosylation and the rate of disappearance of enzyme-tyrosyl adenylate complex
      are in fact apparent rate constants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6386045
TI  - Amino acid sequence of the regulatory subunit of bovine type II adenosine cyclic
      3',5'-phosphate dependent protein kinase.
AB  - Evidence is presented that establishes the amino acid sequence of the regulatory
      subunit of type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase from bovine cardiac muscle.
      Complementary sets of overlapping peptides were generated primarily by tryptic
      digestion and by chemical cleavage at methionyl residues. The analysis was
      augmented by chemical cleavage at a single tryptophanyl residue and at three of
      the four aspartyl-proline bonds. Several large fragments generated by limited
      proteolysis contributed to the proof of structure. The subunit is a single chain
      of 400 residues corresponding to a molecular weight of 45 004. An amino-terminal
      segment of about 100 residues is believed to include the region responsible for
      oligomeric association. The remainder of the molecule consists of two tandem
      homologous domains, each of which is thought to bind a single molecule of cAMP.
      Comparison of the three domains with corresponding regions of the type I isozyme,
      of the Escherichia coli catabolite gene activator protein, and of cGMP-dependent
      protein kinase indicates extensive regions of homology and as much as 50%
      identity with the sequence of an internal segment of the type I isozyme.

PMID- 6386046
TI  - Evidence for distinct sulfhydryl groups associated with steroid- and DNA-binding
      domains of rat thymus glucocorticoid receptors.
AB  - We have found that nonactivated and activated forms of the rat thymus
      glucocorticoid-receptor complex (GRC) will react with reactive sulfhydryl
      matrices to form covalently immobilized complexes that can subsequently be eluted
      with reducing agents. The interaction of GRCs with these matrices depends on the
      nature of both the immobilized sulfhydryl group and the type of leaving group
      attached. One matrix, agarose CL-4B-diaminoethyl-succinyl-thioethylamine-2
      thiopyridyl+ ++ (DSTT), binds total receptor-bound steroid. A second matrix,
      agarose CL-4B-diaminoethyl-succinyl-cysteinyl-2-thiobenzoic acid (DSCT), binds
      activated but not nonactivated complexes. The reaction of activated complexes
      with the DSCT matrix is apparently through a sulfhydryl group located near the
      DNA binding domain, as soluble DNA interferes with the reaction. This sulfhydryl
      group(s) appears to be located in a portion of the GRC that is resistant to
      degradation, since proteolytic digestion of activated GRC to a point where DNA
      binding is lost results in only a moderate decrease in binding with the DSCT
      matrix. Purified receptor, covalently labeled with [3H]dexamethasone to the
      sulfhydryl associated with the steroid binding domain, was able to bind to DSCT
      matrix, providing evidence for distinct sulfhydryl groups associated with the
      steroid and DNA binding domains.

PMID- 6386047
TI  - Kinetics of incorporation of O6-methyldeoxyguanosine monophosphate during in
      vitro DNA synthesis.
AB  - O6-Methyldeoxyguanosine triphosphate (m6dGTP), known to be produced in vivo by
      methylation of deoxyguanosine triphosphate with simple methylating mutagens, is
      utilized by prokaryotic DNA polymerases during in vitro replication of synthetic
      and natural DNA template-primers. A study of the kinetic behavior of m6dGTP
      during DNA replication in vitro and of its effect on DNA replication indicates
      that m6dGTP acts as an analogue of dATP with Kappm of about 6 microM for
      Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I (Klenow fragment) compared to the Kappm of
      about 0.8 microM for dATP. m6dGTP is not incorporated in the complete absence of
      dATP (a competitive inhibitor). m6dGTP also inhibits in vitro DNA synthesis.
      Different DNA polymerases behave differently in utilization and turnover of
      m6dGTP. T4 DNA polymerase shows stronger discrimination against m6dGMP
      incorporation than either T5 DNA polymerase or E. coli DNA polymerase I. The
      possibility that m6dGTP is unlikely to contribute significantly to in vivo
      mutation is discussed.

PMID- 6386048
TI  - Interaction between the A2 and A19 amino acid residues is of critical importance
      for high biological activity in insulin: [19-leucine-A]insulin.
AB  - The replacement of tyrosine at position A19 by leucine in the insulin molecule
      led to an analogue, [19-leucine-A]insulin [( Leu19-A]insulin), displaying
      insignificant receptor binding affinity and in vitro biological activity less
      than 0.1 and 0.05%, respectively, compared to the natural hormone. This analogue
      along with the previously reported [2-glycine-A]-, [2-alanine-A]-, and [2
      norleucine-A]insulins is the least potent insulin analogue we have examined.
      Circular dichroic studies showed that all these analogues are monomeric at
      concentrations at which insulin is primarily dimeric. We conclude that an
      aromatic ring at position A19 and the presence of the side chain of isoleucine at
      position A2 are each of critical importance for high biological activity in
      insulin. It appears that the van der Waals interaction between the side chain of
      isoleucine A2 and tyrosine A19, present in crystalline insulin, is among the most
      important determinants for high biological activity in insulin.

PMID- 6386049
TI  - 3-Deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonic acid 7-phosphate: chemical synthesis and isolation
      from Escherichia coli auxotrophs.
AB  - A new chemical synthesis of 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonic acid 7-phosphate is
      described and contrasted to isolation of the same molecule from the growth medium
      of several different auxotrophic strains of Escherichia coli. The higher yielding
      chemical synthesis begins with 2-deoxyglucose while the less time-intensive
      biological approach proceeds directly from glucose. Growth and accumulation
      aspects of whole cell biological synthesis are discussed along with various
      aspects of the biological purification protocol. Both approaches can be utilized
      to produce substantial quantities of methyl (methyl 3-deoxy-D-arabino
      heptulopyranosid)onate, a key intermediate for semisynthetic 3-deoxy-D-arabino
      heptulosonic acid 7-phosphate and a number of its derivatives.

PMID- 6386050
TI  - Dehydroquinate synthase from Escherichia coli: purification, cloning, and
      construction of overproducers of the enzyme.
AB  - Dehydroquinate synthase has been purified 9000-fold from Escherichia coli K-12
      (strain MM294). The synthase is encoded by the aroB gene, which is carried by
      plasmid pLC29-47 from the Carbon-Clarke library. Construction of an appropriate
      host bearing pLC29-47 results in a strain that produces 20 times more enzyme than
      strain MM294. Subcloning of the aroB gene behind a tac promoter results in E.
      coli transformants that produce 1000 times more enzyme than MM294: the synthase
      constitutes 5% of the soluble protein of the cell. A laborious isolation from 50
      g of wild-type E. coli cells yields 80 micrograms of impure enzyme, whereas 50 g
      of cells containing the subcloned gene yields 150 mg of homogeneous enzyme in a
      two-column purification. Dehydroquinate synthase is a monomeric protein of Mr 40
      000-44 000. The chromosomal enzyme from E. coli K-12, the cloned enzyme encoded
      by the plasmid pLC29-47, and the subcloned inducible enzyme encoded by pJB14 all
      comigrate on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions.

PMID- 6386052
TI  - Activation of a latent kinin-generating proteinase in the porcine anterior
      pituitary.
AB  - This study was conducted to determine whether a kinin-generating proteinase
      (kininogenase) previously described in the porcine anterior pituitary exists in a
      latent form. Porcine anterior pituitaries were homogenized in 0.25 M sucrose (pH
      7.5) and sequentially centrifuged at 1000 X g for 5 min, 1500 X g for 20 min, 10
      000 X g for 20 min, and 105 000 X g for 60 min. The various fractions were
      assayed for their ability to generate kinins from kininogen and cleave H-D-Pro
      Phe-Arg-p-nitroanilide (S-2302) before or after various activation procedures.
      Untreated pituitary fractions had a small amount of proteolytic activity.
      However, large increases in kininogenase and S-2302 hydrolytic activity were
      observed in the 105 000 X g pellet after dialysis, or incubation with trypsin.
      Repeated freezing and thawing, detergents, phospholipase A2, melittin, plasmin,
      thrombin, urokinase and Factor Xa failed to activate kininogenase activity in the
      105 000 X g pellet. However, plasmin produced massive increases in S-2302
      hydrolytic activity. The kininogenase and S-2302 hydrolytic activity was
      sensitive to inhibition by soybean trypsin inhibitor and aprotinin, and had a
      broad pH optimum between 7 and 9. The data indicate that the porcine anterior
      pituitary kininogenase largely exists in a latent form. Also, the porcine
      anterior pituitary appears to contain an additional latent proteinase which can
      hydrolyze S-2302.

PMID- 6386051
TI  - Effects of pH and detergent on the kinetic and electrochemical properties of the
      purified cytochrome d terminal oxidase complex of Escherichia coli.
AB  - The cytochrome d terminal oxidase complex is one of the two terminal oxidases in
      the aerobic respiratory chain of Escherichia coli. In this paper, effects of pH
      and detergent on the electrochemical and kinetic properties of the enzyme are
      investigated. There are two significant conclusions. (1) The oxidation-reduction
      midpoint potential of the cytochrome b-558 component is sensitive to the
      detergent used to solubilize the complex. In particular, it is shown that
      octylglucoside and cholate cause a large decrease in the midpoint potential of
      cytochrome b-558, while they also result in the reversible inactivation of the
      oxidase. (2) The midpoint potentials of the cytochrome b-558, a1 and d components
      are sensitive to pH. More acidic solutions result in stabilizing the reduced
      forms of the redox-active groups, i.e., raising their midpoint potentials. This
      may be significant in view of the fact that it has been demonstrated that this
      enzyme catalyzes an electrogenic reaction and appears to function as a proton
      pump.

PMID- 6386053
TI  - Purification and characterization of acid proteinase from human erythrocyte
      membranes.
AB  - Two forms of an acid proteinase have been purified from human erythrocyte
      membranes by a simple method involving selective extraction with 0.5% Brij 35,
      affinity chromatography on pepstatin A-Sepharose 4B, and chromatography on
      Sephacryl S-200 and DEAE-Sephadex G-100. One species has an apparent molecular
      weight of 73 000 as measured by gel filtration and has been purified to apparent
      homogeneity. This form can be resolved by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis into two bands with isoelectric points of about 4.5 and 5.0 and
      with molecular weights of 44 000 and 29 000, respectively. The second form of the
      enzyme has a molecular weight of about 47 000 and has also been purified to
      apparent homogeneity. In SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the second form
      showed a single protein band corresponding to a molecular weight of 44 000. Two
      dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a single band with an
      isoelectric point of about 4.5 and a molecular weight of 44 000. The high
      molecular-weight form represented about a 17 500-fold purification over the
      erythrocyte membranes and about a 24% recovery, while the low-molecular-weight
      form represented about a 25 000-fold purification and about a 25% recovery. The
      two species had similar pH optimum and showed equal sensitivity to a number of
      ions and proteinase inhibitors. Chymotryptic maps of the 44 000 peptide of high
      molecular-weight form and the purified low-molecular-weight form revealed no
      difference.

PMID- 6386054
TI  - Polyclonal antibodies against iduronate 2-sulphate sulphatase from human urine.
AB  - Human iduronate 2-sulphate sulphatase (EC 3.1.6.-) from urine has been purified
      by affinity chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose, ammonium sulphate
      fractionation and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. With ion-exchange
      chromatography, the enzyme was resolved in two activity peaks. The less anionic
      of these forms was further purified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under
      non-denaturing conditions. Anti-iduronate 2-sulphate sulphatase antibodies were
      obtained from mice immunized with polyacrylamide eluted enzyme. The specificity
      of the antibodies towards iduronate 2-sulphate sulphatase was demonstrated by
      immunoprecipitation of the enzyme from partially purified urine protein. The
      procedure described in this work opens the way to the application of hybridoma
      technology to iduronate 2-sulphate sulphatase.

PMID- 6386055
TI  - Similarity of the carbohydrate moieties of fibronectins derived from blood plasma
      and synthesised by cultured endothelial cells.
AB  - Plasma and cellular fibronectins are reported to be very similar but not
      identical in chemical structure. We have compared bovine plasma fibronectin with
      fibronectin secreted by bovine aortal endothelial cells in culture. Techniques
      were chosen to highlight likely structural differences, particularly in the
      carbohydrate moieties. Both fibronectins were wholly reactive to monospecific
      antiserum and behaved identically in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The
      oligosaccharide chains were identical in proportion and degree of sialylation by
      anion-exchange HPLC. Fractionation of the glycopeptides on immobilised lectins
      and serotonin showed that both fibronectins contained (i) predominantly
      biantennary oligosaccharides, (ii) exclusively N-acetylneuraminic acid residues
      in a non-clustered array and (iii) no L-fucose residues. The overriding
      structural similarities support the proposal that the endothelium is a site of
      synthesis of plasma fibronectin in vivo.

PMID- 6386056
TI  - Purification and partial characterization of a methylglyoxal reductase from goat
      liver.
AB  - An enzyme which catalyzes the reduction of methylglyoxal to lactaldehyde has been
      isolated and purified from goat liver to apparent homogeneity. NADH was found to
      be a better substrate than NADPH for methylglyoxal reduction. Stoichiometrically
      equivalent amounts of lactaldehyde and NAD are formed from methylglyoxal and
      NADH. Enzyme activity was located only in the soluble supernatant fractions of
      liver cells. Of the various carbonyl compounds tested, methylglyoxal was found to
      be the best substrate. The pH optimum of the enzyme was found to be 6.5, and Km
      for methylglyoxal was 0.4 mM. The molecular weight of the enzyme was found to be
      89000 by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-200 column. Electrophoresis on sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel revealed that the enzyme is composed of two
      subunits. The enzyme is highly sensitive to sulfhydryl group reagents. The
      inactivation by p-chloromercuribenzoate could be substantially protected by
      methylglyoxal in combination with NADH, indicating a possible involvement of one
      or more sulfhydryl group(s) at the active site of the enzyme.

PMID- 6386057
TI  - Effects of insulin, glucagon and dexamethasone on pyruvate kinase in cultured
      hepatocytes.
AB  - Long-term (24-48 h) and short-term (10-30 min) regulation by hormones of hepatic
      pyruvate kinase activity was investigated in adult rat hepatocytes cultured under
      serum-free conditions. In the absence of hormones, pyruvate kinase total activity
      decreased to 83%, 67% and 39% of the initial level at 24, 48 and 72 h of culture.
      Insulin (100 nM) maintained total activity significantly above control levels
      throughout this period. In contrast, glucagon (100 nM) and dexamethasone (100 nM)
      accelerated the gradual decrease within 24 h (glucagon) or 48 h (dexamethasone)
      of culture. In these long-term experiments, activity at non-saturating
      concentrations of phosphoenolpyruvate was decreased by glucagon and dexamethasone
      but not directly modulated by insulin. However, insulin increased the cellular
      content of the pyruvate kinase activator fructose-1,6-diphosphate. In short-term
      experiments on cells cultured under serum- and hormone-free conditions for 48 h,
      both glucagon and dexamethasone independently caused a rapid, dose-dependent
      increase of the K0.5 for phosphoenolpyruvate within 10 min, while Vmax was not
      affected. Insulin inhibited this action of glucagon and dexamethasone and, in
      their absence, significantly increased substrate affinity for phosphoenolpyruvate
      within 30 min. Cellular fructose-1,6-diphosphate contents remained unchanged
      under these conditions. The data identify glucocorticoids and insulin - in
      addition to glucagon - as short-term regulators of the catalytic properties of
      pyruvate kinase. All three hormones are effective in the long-term control of
      total enzyme activity.

PMID- 6386058
TI  - Glucose 6-phosphate effects on deoxyglucose, glucose and methylglucose transport
      in rat adipocytes. Evidence for intracellular regulation of sugar transport by
      glucose metabolites.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine whether glucose 6-phosphate can modulate
      hexose transport in rat adipocytes. The data demonstrated that glucose 6
      phosphate decreased hexose transport rates in adipocytes and in adipose plasma
      membrane vesicles. This effect was not via competitive inhibition. The data
      provide direct evidence that hexose transport can be inhibited noncompetitively
      by glucose 6-phosphate.

PMID- 6386059
TI  - [Biophysical aspects of the effect of physical and chemical factors on living
      organisms. Protective properties of antioxidants].
AB  - The review deals with the biophysical changes of free radical nature, which occur
      in living organisms under the action of environmental physical and chemical
      factors, i. e. ionizing irradiation, light, thermal agents, noise, toxic chemical
      substances. The significance of modern physical and chemical techniques (EPR,
      NMR, electronic microscopy etc.) in environment monitoring system is considered.
      A great attention is given to the efficiency of natural and synthetic
      antioxidants--inhibitors of free radical processes in prevention and elimination
      of damages in organisms which occur under the action of the factors mentioned
      above.

PMID- 6386060
TI  - Tracheal volume deformation in a developmental rabbit model.
AB  - Alterations in tracheal volume were evaluated in a developmental in vivo rabbit
      model during and following the application of continuous positive pressure (CPP).
      Sequential volume changes were recorded during 60 min of CPP to a bypassed
      tracheal segment. The distal trachea was utilized for spontaneous ventilation.
      CPP of 10 cm H2O was applied to three developmental groups: group I, 5 term
      newborn pups; group II, 5, 7-day-old pups, and group III, 5 adult female rabbits
      of 18 +/- 6 months old. Changes in tracheal volume were measured by a
      micropipette system. Following 60 min of CPP, tracheal volumes increased (p less
      than 0.01) by 39.8% in group I; 36.1% in group II and 5.1% in group III. During a
      recovery period (60 min), return towards initial resting volume was observed in
      all groups, though maximal persistent volume deformation was observed in groups I
      and II. Thus, these data indicate tracheal barotrauma in the form of persistent
      dimensional deformation at early stages of development in an in vivo rabbit
      model.

PMID- 6386061
TI  - Growth and reproductive development of male Microtus montanus is affected by the
      prenatal photoperiod.
AB  - Rates of growth and sexual maturation of microtine rodents vary in response to
      photoperiod. Previous work with Microtus montanus has shown that the photoperiod
      present prior to weaning influences how voles will respond to photoperiods seen
      following weaning. The data presented demonstrate that information about the
      photoperiod seen by the mother during pregnancy influences the postweaning
      development of male M. montanus. Adult M. montanus were paired in photoperiods
      consisting of 8, 14 or 16 h light/day. Their litters were conceived and born in
      these photoperiods. On the day of birth the litters were recorded and retained in
      the gestation photoperiod (Groups C8, C14 and C16) or transferred to the 14-h
      photoperiod (Groups E8 and E16). The growth of males was followed from weaning
      until 74 days of age, at which time the voles were sacrificed and their
      reproductive organs weighed. There were no differences in body weight or length
      between groups at 18 days of age. At 74 days of age the development of the voles
      could be ranked in the following sequence: C8 less than E16 less than C14 less
      than E8 less than C16.

PMID- 6386063
TI  - The adsorption behaviour of two commercial IgG-preparations onto a polystyrene
      latex surface.
AB  - The adsorption behaviour of two commercial preparations of human IgG onto a
      polystyrene latex surface was studied. The adsorption isotherms obtained differed
      markedly; one preparation showed a plateau value of 0.4 microgram cm-2 which was
      reached at 0.1 g l-1, whereas the other preparation showed no plateau value
      within the concentration range studied (0.1-7.0 g l-1). Characterization by means
      of iso-electric focusing and HPLC also showed differences between the two
      preparations. No differences were observed when immuno-electrophoresis was
      carried out. These results stress the necessity for proper characterization of
      proteins used in adsorption studies.

PMID- 6386062
TI  - Biostability of medical elastomers: a review.
AB  - Biostability of synthetic elastomers used for manufacturing artificial
      replacements of human organs or their parts is a critical property of such
      materials as it determines the long-term function of a specific biomedical
      device. This paper presents a critical review of the present knowledge of
      biostability of elastomeric biomedical materials used as artifacts functioning
      under the simultaneous effects of dynamic flexing and contact with body fluids.
      The main topics discussed are silicone rubber, elastomers for artificial blood
      pumps, and the methodology of model fatigue-life testing.

PMID- 6386064
TI  - Preferential adsorption of high density lipoprotein from blood plasma onto
      biomaterial surfaces.
AB  - In the present study a two step enzyme immuno assay (EIA) was used for the
      investigation of the adsorption of proteins and lipoproteins from solutions and
      from blood plasma onto polymer surfaces. It was found that only a small
      adsorption of the major blood proteins occurred from plasma. Evidence is
      presented that the reason for this adsorption behaviour is a preferential
      adsorption of high density lipoprotein (HDL).

PMID- 6386065
TI  - Problems and challenges of biomaterials in cardiovascular applications: a status
      report.
AB  - Biomaterials used as implants and in various devices must exhibit long-term
      (years) compatibility with the physiological environment, including blood, and
      additionally must also remain stable to perform mechanical functions, excepting
      applications where biodegradation is required. This paper focuses on problems and
      challenges of polymeric materials in contact with blood in the following
      categories: (1) artificial heart valves, (2) cardiovascular assist devices and
      artificial hearts, (3) vascular prostheses, and (4) the biological evaluation of
      materials prior to their human use, especially with respect to species related
      hematological differences of experimental animals. Besides thrombosis (which is
      the most obvious consequence of incompatibility), the calcification of chemically
      treated tissue prostheses as well as synthetic elastomers used in many
      cardiovascular devices is discussed in terms of biochemical and physico-chemical
      parameters together with its significance in long-term (years) implant
      applications. Complement activation brought about by contact of blood with
      foreign surfaces has received less than deserved attention in the evaluation of
      biomaterials and devices, despite the potentially serious problems. Relative
      ignorance in selecting appropriate animals for the biological evaluation of
      biomaterials whose hematological profiles and behavior of platelets, red and
      white cells to trauma and response to foreign surfaces differ decisively from
      those of humans, often leads to less than meaningful predictions for eventual
      clinical uses. The state-of-art realities are examined in conjunction with
      medical, societal, ethical, and economic boundaries.

PMID- 6386067
TI  - Alexander Naumann 1905-1983.

PMID- 6386066
TI  - Approximate case influence for the proportional hazards regression model with
      censored data.
AB  - A method is presented for approximating the influence of individual cases upon
      regression coefficient estimates obtained from the Cox proportional hazards
      model. Observations can thus be identified which may greatly influence
      statistical inferences regarding the effects of prognostic factors upon survival
      time. An example from a cancer clinical trial is given.

PMID- 6386068
TI  - [Characteristics of the protective action of ethacizin on the ischemic
      myocardium].
AB  - A study was made of the effect of ethacizine, a new antiarrhythmic phenothiazint
      derivative, on the size of experimental myocardial infarction in rabbits 7 days
      after ligation of the coronary artery. Ethmozine was used as reference.
      Ethacizine diminished the extent of necrosis by 22.8% (P less than 0.05) when
      injected intravenously in divided doses beginning from the 30th minute of 2-hour
      ligation, the total dose being 1.5 mg/kg. The six-day cycle of ethacizine
      treatment instituted 24 h after coronary artery ligation (daily dose 1.2 mg/kg)
      provoked a more considerable reduction of the myocardial infarction size (by
      44.9%). The effect of ethmozine was less pronounced though statistically
      significant. Ethacizine increased ATP content in both the ischemic and "intact"
      myocardium and minimized the impairment of membrane permeability in the occlusion
      zone 3 h after ligation when injected according to the first above-described
      scheme. It is assumed that these effects may contribute to the drug protective
      action on the ischemic myocardium.

PMID- 6386069
TI  - [Fibronectin in cultured mouse sarcoma cells induced by foreign bodies].
AB  - Indirect fluorescence was used to study distribution of fibronectin in cultured
      cells of 5 mouse foreign body-induced sarcomas (PS-4, PS-84, PS-100, PS-103, PS
      130) and cells of early (2-3 months postimplantation) capsules surrounding
      implanted plastic films. Accumulation of pericellular or matrix fibronectin in
      dense cultures compared to sparse ones was noted in all the lines except PS-84.
      In confluent cultures of these lines, a three-dimensional fibrillar network of
      fibronectin typical for fibroblast-like cells was observed. The pattern was very
      similar to that found in dense cultures of non-neoplastic early capsule cells.
      The data obtained show that loss of pericellular fibronectin would not serve as a
      marker of neoplastic transformation in this cellular system.

PMID- 6386070
TI  - [Independence from the substrate of multiplication in nonclonal and clonal tumor
      cell populations].
AB  - Experiments were made with sarcoma PS-103 cells cultured in vitro. The sarcoma
      was induced by implantation of a plastic plate into CBA mice. Clonal analysis of
      the cell culture demonstrated that 1) all 3 clones isolated from substrate (SB)
      grew in 1.2% methyl cellulose (MC) at the same efficiency as parental cells; 2)
      all 5 clones isolated from MC formed in a semi-solid medium 10-100-fold more
      colonies than PS-103. During the subcloning of one of PS-103 clones in solid
      substrate and in MC, it turned out that the majority of MC and SB subclones had
      the plating efficiency in MC similar to that in PS-103. Apparently, the PS-103
      population contains clones with different degrees of anchorage independence.

PMID- 6386071
TI  - Acquired immune hemolytic anemia associated with IgA erythrocyte coating:
      investigation of hemolytic mechanisms.
AB  - We have investigated the hemolytic mechanisms in a patient with acquired immune
      hemolytic anemia whose red cells appeared to be coated with IgA alone. The
      clinical course was similar to that of patients with hemolytic anemia mediated by
      warm-reacting IgG antibody. Splenic sequestration of red cells was demonstrated,
      and marked reduction of hemolysis occurred after corticosteroid therapy. Antibody
      was eluted from the patient's red cells and used to sensitize normal red cells in
      vitro. These sensitized red cells were not lysed by fresh autologous serum, nor
      did they fix detectable amounts of C3. However, red cells sensitized by eluted
      antibody were lysed by normal human peripheral blood monocytes in a system
      designed to demonstrate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Monocyte
      mediated hemolysis of sensitized red cells was inhibited by the addition of low
      concentrations of normal serum IgA to the system, but not by IgG. The ability of
      the eluate to induce monocyte-mediated hemolysis was abolished by its adsorption
      on Sepharose-bound anti-IgA, but not by preincubation with Sepharose-bound anti
      IgG. In addition, normal human monocytes were demonstrated to ingest eluate
      sensitized red cells. These data demonstrate an in vitro interaction of IgA
      sensitized red cells with leukocytes and suggest a possible mechanism for the
      patient's hemolysis.

PMID- 6386072
TI  - Premature chromosome condensation studies in human leukemia: 5. Prediction of
      early relapse.
AB  - Previous reports have suggested that the technique of premature chromosome
      condensation (PCC) is useful for predicting relapse in patients with acute
      leukemia. However, these studies involved patients had been in complete remission
      (CR) for various periods of time and had heterogeneous expectations for relapse.
      The purpose of this study was to further determine the value of PCC in predicting
      relapse by examining the PCC characteristics of bone marrow specimens from
      patients with acute leukemia on a common therapeutic regimen after similar
      periods in CR. The remission durations after the PCC determinations were compared
      between patients with high or low proliferative potential indices (PPI, or the
      fraction of G1 cells in late G1 phase). Of 60 patients studied between two and
      eight weeks after achieving CR, 14 of the 16 patients exhibiting high PPI values
      (greater than or equal to 35) have relapsed. The mean time from PCC measurement
      to relapse was 23 weeks. In contrast, only 19 of the 44 patients exhibiting low
      PPI values have relapsed, with an estimated mean time to relapse of 68+ weeks.
      Likewise, of 38 patients studied between nine and 15 weeks of CR, nine of the ten
      patients exhibiting high PPI values have relapsed (mean time to relapse, 23
      weeks), while only 16 of 28 patients with low PPI values have relapsed (estimated
      mean time to relapse, 54+ weeks). The predictive value of the PCC technique was
      found to be independent of other prognostic factors for the duration of CR, and
      it identified those patients within the poor prognostic category with a high
      likelihood of imminent relapse. While similar trends were observed at later time
      intervals in CR, the differences in relapse rate between patients with high or
      low PPI values is not significant. These results confirm the usefulness of the
      PCC technique in predicting relapse in acute leukemia and could aid in the
      identification of patients who might benefit by an alteration of therapeutic
      strategy.

PMID- 6386073
TI  - Oxidants from phagocytes: agents of defense and destruction.

PMID- 6386074
TI  - The role of post-operative radiotherapy in the treatment of operable breast
      cancer.
AB  - In current practice, the management of early stage breast cancer involves a
      multidisciplinary cooperation among surgeons, radiation therapists, and medical
      oncologists. The goals of local treatment in this setting are to secure tumor
      control and to identify patients who are to be treated with adjuvant systemic
      therapy. For patients treated by mastectomy, the value of post-operative
      radiotherapy in primary treatment remains controversial. In this review, we
      examine the evolution of treatment philosophies for operable breast cancer and
      the results from recent clinical studies in an attempt to assess the current role
      of post-operative radiotherapy.

PMID- 6386075
TI  - [Imaging medullary cancer of the thyroid].
AB  - Based on experience of the last decade including 18 patients, the imaging
      procedures of medullary thyroid carcinoma are reviewed. Ultrasonography of the
      neck is the most contributive for the locoregional expertise, in the preoperative
      period. All of the classical imaging procedures are useful in looking for the
      metastasis: namely bone scintiscan, liver ultrasonography, computerized
      tomography of the mediastinum. Associated parathyroid adenoma and
      pheochromocytoma are visualized respectively by technetium thallium subtraction
      scan and meta-iodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy. In the near future,
      immunoscintigraphy of calcitonin secreting tumors will be developed.

PMID- 6386077
TI  - [Announcement of prizes awarded in 1981 and 1982].

PMID- 6386076
TI  - Mutagenicity of the sunlight-exposed sample of pyrene in Salmonella typhimurium
      TA98.

PMID- 6386078
TI  - [Remarks on the epidemiology of leprosy in France in the past 50 years].

PMID- 6386079
TI  - [The artificial endocrine pancreas and insulin pumps: past, present and future].

PMID- 6386080
TI  - Dental hygiene in Michigan--our "roots".

PMID- 6386081
TI  - Treatment of leprosy in the United States.

PMID- 6386082
TI  - Hansen's disease as a research model.

PMID- 6386083
TI  - Epidemiological aspects of Hansen's disease.

PMID- 6386084
TI  - Infections in intensive care patients: use of new B-lactams.

PMID- 6386085
TI  - Anesthesia for intracranial vascular malformations.

PMID- 6386086
TI  - Influence of streptozotocin-diabetes on the pharmacokinetics, placental transfer
      and tissue localization of dexamethasone in rats.
AB  - The influence of streptozotocin-diabetes on the pharmacokinetics, placental
      transfer and tissue localization of dexamethasone was determined in Sprague
      Dawley rats. Diabetes significantly increased the volume of distribution of
      dexamethasone in pregnant but not in nonpregnant rats; plasma half-life was not
      significantly increased. Concentrations of maternally administered dexamethasone
      in all tissues studied (maternal and foetal serum and livers, foetal lungs and
      placentas) except the amniotic fluid were lower in diabetic than in control
      animals. Diabetes did not alter the binding of dexamethasone to maternal or
      foetal serum proteins. Insulin treatment partially reversed the effects of
      diabetes on the maternal-foetal exchange of dexamethasone. Diabetes-induced
      decrease in the foetal localization of dexamethasone appears to be caused by a
      decrease in the maternal serum levels as well as by an increase in the foetal
      excretion of the steroid into the amniotic fluid. In so far as the rat model
      reflects the human situation, the present data suggest that a standard dose of
      dexamethasone might not be adequate in promoting foetal lung maturation in
      diabetic pregnancies.

PMID- 6386087
TI  - In vivo and in vitro studies of bacterial endotoxin-membrane interactions and the
      effects of membrane-active agents.
AB  - The characteristics of 51Cr-labelled E. coli endotoxin binding to human
      erythrocyte membranes in vitro have been investigated. A saturable component of
      binding was apparent at low endotoxin concentrations (less than 50 micrograms ml
      1) relevant to its in vivo actions, while at higher concentrations binding was
      non-saturable and increased in linear fashion. Experiments examining the ability
      of unlabelled endotoxin to antagonize the binding of labelled toxin provided
      further evidence for these specific and non-specific modes of endotoxin-membrane
      interaction. Membrane-active agents previously shown to reduce endotoxin toxicity
      in vivo decreased endotoxin binding to erythrocyte membranes in vitro, with
      propranolol and pranolium being the most effective in this regard. Tissue
      distribution studies following administration of radiolabelled endotoxin to
      guinea-pigs showed a positive correlation between the accumulation of 51Cr
      endotoxin in lung and elevations in plasma acid phosphatase activity, a measure
      of in vivo endotoxin toxicity. The in vivo accumulation of 51Cr-endotoxin in
      guinea-pig lung was reduced by prior treatment with (+)-propranolol or pranolium,
      paralleling the results of the in vitro binding studies. Our results suggest that
      membrane-active agents such as (+)-propranolol may be useful adjuncts to
      antimicrobial drugs in the therapy of gram-negative endotoxaemia.

PMID- 6386088
TI  - The role of accelerated colonic transit in prostaglandin-induced diarrhoea and
      its inhibition by prostacyclin.
AB  - Rats treated with subcutaneous 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (16,16-dimethyl
      PGE2, 100 micrograms kg-1) exhibited diarrhoea even when their ileo-caecal
      junctions were tied, thereby eliminating contributions from small intestinal
      transit or fluid accumulation (enteropooling). The origin of the watery stool
      appeared to be the caecum, since tying the caecal-colonic junction eliminated it.
      The acceleration of colonic transit is likely to be a primary mechanism of PGE2
      induced diarrhoea in the rat, since both normal animals and those with tied ileo
      caecal junctions exhibited almost the same incidence of diarrhoea. Subcutaneous
      prostacyclin (PGI2) (2 mg kg-1 every 60 min) suppressed 16,16-dimethyl PGE2
      induced diarrhoea in normal rats and in those with tied ileo-caecal junctions.
      Colonic transit measured in rats with cannula preimplanted in their proximal
      colon indicated that 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 enhanced colonic transit and PGI2
      suppressed this increase. Thus, PGI2 can inhibit diarrhoea in the rat caused by
      16,16-dimethyl PGE2 by suppressing colonic transit exclusive of its effects on
      small intestinal transit and enteropooling.

PMID- 6386089
TI  - Prostanoid synthesis by aortic rings in human blood: selective increase of
      prostacyclin mediated by a serum factor.
AB  - Synthesis of vascular epoprostenol (PGI2) and platelet thromboxane (TX) A2 is
      influenced by the coagulation cascade in incompletely understood ways. To
      elucidate this, prostanoids were determined in human blood anticoagulated by
      different drugs and incubated with and without rat aortic rings. Control
      incubations were performed in Hanks balanced salt solution. PGI2 and TXA2
      synthesis were assessed by radioimmunoassay of their stable hydrolysis products 6
      oxo-prostaglandin (PG) F1 alpha and TXB2. Fresh aortic rings incubated in Hanks
      solution with a thrombin inhibitor (TCK) synthesized similar quantities of 6-oxo
      PGF1 alpha in the presence or absence of sodium citrate. In contrast, the
      intracellular calcium antagonist TMB-8 inhibited 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha synthesis. In
      contrast to the finding in Hanks solution, sodium citrate inhibited 6-oxo-PGF1
      alpha synthesis by fresh aortic rings incubated in blood anticoagulated with TCK.
      However, TXB2 synthesis was not affected by citrate. Blood incubated alone at 37
      degrees C in plain glass tubes generated a small amount of immunoreactive 6-oxo
      PGF1 alpha. A thromboxane synthase inhibitor, OKY1581, increased immunoreactive 6
      oxo-PGF1 alpha. However, blood anticoagulated with TCK and incubated similarly,
      generated no detectable 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha either in the presence or absence of
      OKY1581, showing that 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha synthesis in the previous experiments was
      dependent on the vascular rings. OKY1581 had little or no effect on 6-oxo-PGF1
      alpha synthesis in incubations of fresh aortic rings with blood anticoagulated
      with TCK, despite inhibition of TXB2 synthesis. However, OKY1581 increased 6-oxo
      PGF1 alpha synthesis by rings pretreated with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) when
      incubated in blood, presumably by diversion of platelet endoperoxide to vascular
      PGI2 synthase. Sodium citrate did not influence the increase in 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha
      synthesis by ASA pretreated aortic rings caused by OKY1581 in whole blood. This
      implies that the PGI2 stimulating activity of whole blood in the absence of
      citrate exerts its effect proximal to PGI2 synthase. It is concluded that a low
      molecular weight serum factor formed during activation of the intrinsic
      coagulation pathway in blood, modulates PGI2/TXA2 balance by an action on
      vascular cyclo-oxygenase, possibly by an effect on intracellular calcium.

PMID- 6386090
TI  - Psoriatic arthritis.

PMID- 6386091
TI  - Gender roles as developmental pathways.
AB  - Male and female gender roles are discussed as developmental pathways in terms of
      four related descriptive dimensions: the first three, rigidity, complexity and
      consistency, are all concerned with processes operating at particular stages of
      development; the fourth, continuity, is concerned with the overall developmental
      pathway. The limited evidence available indicates the following: there is a more
      rigid male role in childhood, but the evidence for adults is less clear; there is
      some evidence of greater complexity and inconsistency in the male role during
      childhood; developmentally, the female role becomes less flexible at adolescence
      whereas the male role becomes more flexible and varied; the female role shows
      more change across the adult life-span, particularly at the birth of the first
      child. The wider societal and historical implications of these conclusions, and
      their relation to role-related difficulties, are discussed.

PMID- 6386092
TI  - Descartes versus Hippocrates--a conflict resolved? The Silvanus Thompson memorial
      lecture, April 1984.

PMID- 6386093
TI  - The venous anatomy of the lower oesophagus in normal subjects and in patients
      with varices: an image analysis study.
AB  - The microvasculature of the lower oesophagus has been studied quantitatively
      using a computer assisted image analysis system. Twenty normal specimens of
      oesophagus and stomach were studied and seven further specimens from patients
      with varices were also assessed. Each specimen could be clearly subdivided into
      three zones. Zone 1 was the stomach where the mean relative area occupied by
      veins in the lamina propria was 2.6 per cent (s.e.m. +/- 0.2) in the normal
      subjects and 3.7 per cent (s.e.m. +/- 0.8) in the variceal specimens. Zone 2
      began at the oesophagogastric junction and extended 2-5 cm into the lower
      oesophagus. The mean area occupied by veins in the lamina propria increased to
      19.8 per cent (s.e.m. +/- 1.2) in the normal and 32.8 per cent (s.e.m. +/- 3.9)
      in the varices specimens. Zone 3 was the remainder of the proximal oesophagus and
      the mean area occupied by veins in the lamina propria was 4.9 per cent (s.e.m. +/
      0.3) in the normal and 6.1 per cent (s.e.m. +/- 0.5) in the varices specimens.
      Further analysis revealed that this increase in area occupied by veins in the
      distal oesophagus was due to an increase in both the number and size of vessels
      in the lamina propria of Zone 2. These findings may explain the propensity for
      oesophageal varices to bleed mainly from the distal oesophagus.

PMID- 6386094
TI  - Choledochoscopy: are stones missed? A controlled study.
AB  - Although the choledochoscope has been available for several years, its use had
      not achieved universal acceptance. Enthusiasts claim that the incidence of
      retained stones in the common bile duct would be reduced by using the instrument,
      but no controlled study by the same team has been reported. Patients undergoing
      biliary surgery by one surgical team in Southampton were operated upon in one of
      three hospitals. The choledochoscope was available for use at only one hospital,
      but the other two were otherwise fully equipped, and no selection of patients was
      made for any particular hospital. Over a period of 7 years, 707 patients
      underwent elective or emergency cholecystectomy. Routine choledochography was
      performed and stones were found or suspected in the bile ducts in 103 (14.6 per
      cent). The choledochoscope was used in 54 of the bile duct explorations and in 10
      patients residual calculi following routine exploration were identified by the
      instrument. Postoperative T-tube choledochography was performed in 35 patients
      following choledochoscopy, 31 with choledocholithiasis at operation, and no
      unsuspected retained stones were demonstrated. In the 49 patients undergoing duct
      exploration by the same team without the choledochoscope, 32 were found to have
      choledocholithiasis. Thirty-six postoperative choledochograms were performed and
      six patients were found to have retained stones. There were no additional
      complications attributed to the use of the instrument. We conclude that the use
      of the choledochoscope should reduce the incidence of retained bile duct stones.

PMID- 6386095
TI  - The four to eight year results of the Sheffield trial of elective duodenal ulcer
      surgery--highly selective or truncal vagotomy?
AB  - In a prospective randomized trial between June 1973 and July 1978 highly
      selective vagotomy (HSV) was compared with truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty
      (TVP) in 137 male patients undergoing elective surgery for chronic duodenal
      ulceration. Ninety per cent of patients were followed up for between 49 and 102
      months (mean 77). A good result was obtained in 49 of 59 patients (83 per cent)
      after HSV compared with 41 of 64 (64 per cent) after TVP (P less than 0.02). The
      recurrent ulcer rate was 8.8 per cent after HSV and 9.4 per cent after TVP.
      Dumping and diarrhoea were significantly commoner after TVP (P less than 0.05).
      We believe that HSV is a better operation than TVP for the treatment of
      uncomplicated duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 6386096
TI  - Inhibitory effect of syphilitic rabbit serum on DNA synthesis in rabbit cells in
      vitro.
AB  - A previously described toxic factor associated with Treponema pallidum (Nichols)
      and found in extracts of syphilitic rabbit testes has now also been detected in
      syphilitic rabbit serum. The toxic factor, which inhibits DNA synthesis in baby
      rabbit genital organ (BRGO) cells in vitro, is present in rabbit serum up to 30
      days after infection with T pallidum.

PMID- 6386097
TI  - Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay for IgM antibodies to Treponema pallidum in
      syphilis in man.
AB  - An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM)
      antibodies to Treponema pallidum was investigated for specificity and
      sensitivity. Using the results in serum from 1192 patients with successfully
      treated syphilis, the assay was calculated to be about 97% specific. As in any
      other IgM enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), rheumatoid factor played an
      important part in causing false positive results. Pre-absorption of serum with
      aggregated IgG was therefore necessary to perform the test. Evaluation of the
      results in serum from 385 patients with untreated primary, secondary, and latent
      syphilis as well as patients with untreated reinfections showed that the
      sensitivity of the assay depended on the stage of infection and varied between
      98% and 93%. IgM antibody titres were about ten times higher in the EIA than in
      the indirect immunofluorescence assay using the IgM fractions of serum. From the
      results it may be concluded that the EIA is an appropriate technique not only for
      rapid and sensitive measurement of IgM antibodies in most patients with untreated
      syphilis but also for selecting treponemal IgM non-reactive patients.

PMID- 6386098
TI  - Insufficient evaluation of acrosoxacin in treating gonorrhoea.

PMID- 6386099
TI  - The international cattle trade problems and control of disease.

PMID- 6386100
TI  - Insulin inhibits pyramidal neurons in hippocampal slices.
AB  - Recent studies have confirmed the presence of insulin receptors in the rat brain
      although their function has still not been well defined. The present study
      explores the possibility that insulin receptors in the brain can alter or
      contribute to central neurotransmission. Insulin caused a dose-dependent
      inhibition of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. The pattern of inhibition mirrored
      the binding kinetics of insulin in the hippocampus. Two related peptides,
      proinsulin and desoctapeptide insulin, had neuronal effects consistent with their
      binding to insulin receptors in the brain. Proinsulin was effective in doses 30
      fold greater than insulin, whereas desoctapeptide insulin had little or no
      effect. These observations indicate that the inhibitory effect of insulin in this
      tissue may be insulin receptor-mediated and support a previously suggested
      functional role of insulin in the central nervous system.

PMID- 6386101
TI  - Glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein in rat spinal cord. An immunoperoxidase
      study in semithin sections.
AB  - The distribution of glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein was examined in
      cervical spinal cord of adult rat, according to the immunocytochemical peroxidase
      antiperoxidase (PAP) method in semithin sections (1-2 microns). We have found
      astroglial cells in proximal regions of both ventral and dorsal roots. The
      presence of astrocytic processes reaching the central canal, only in the dorsal
      region suggest that they are the only radial glia cells which remain attached to
      the central canal.

PMID- 6386102
TI  - Enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in rat area postrema: ultrastructural
      localization and coexistence with serotonin.
AB  - The ultrastructure of enkephalin-containing neurons and their capacity to take-up
      [3H]serotonin were examined in the area postrema. Untreated adult rats and rats
      with intraventricular infusions of 10(-4) M tritiated serotonin, 5
      hydroxytryptamine [( 3H]5-HT) were perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde and 0.2-0.5%
      glutaraldehyde. Coronal Vibratome sections through the area postrema from both
      groups of animals were immunocytochemically labeled with an antiserum to leucine
      Leu5-enkephalin. The sections from the animals infused with the isotope
      subsequently were processed for autoradiography. Enkephalin-like immunoreactivity
      (ELI) was detected in perikarya, dendrites, axons and axon terminals most
      frequently located along the ventricular and ventrolateral portions of the area
      postrema. The labeled perikarya were few in number and were characterized by a
      thin rim of cytoplasm containing peroxidase immunoreactivity. Dendrites and
      terminals containing ELI formed synapses primarily with unlabeled axon terminals
      and dendrites, respectively. However, terminals containing ELI also formed
      synaptic junctions with other unlabeled axon terminals. Appositions between
      enkephalin-containing processes and modified glia were occasionally seen near the
      ventricular surface. In sections processed for both immunocytochemistry and
      autoradiography, approximately 5% of the terminals containing ELI showed uptake
      of [3H]5-HT. We conclude that neurons containing ELI are primarily, but not
      exclusively, associated with other intrinsic neurons or afferents in the rat area
      postrema and that some of the enkephalin-labeled terminals have the capacity to
      take-up serotonin. Specificity of uptake of [3H]5-HT in neurons containing
      endogenous serotonin and factors which may contribute to the low probability of
      detecting both peroxidase and autoradiographic markers in single sections are
      discussed.

PMID- 6386103
TI  - Immunohistochemical study on Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu-like immunoreactive nerve
      fibers in the rat adrenal medulla.
AB  - Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu-like immunoreactivity was revealed in many nerve
      fibers as well as in chromaffin cells in the rat adrenal medulla. The
      immunoreactive nerve fibers were seen among and around chromaffin cells in the
      forms of punctate structures or varicose processes and they were characterized by
      numerous small clear vesicles mixed with several large granular vesicles. The
      nerve fibers formed synaptic contacts with both Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu-like
      immunoreactive and non-immunoreactive chromaffin cells. The immunoreactive
      material in the nerves was generally confined to the granular cores. The present
      findings suggest that preproenkephalin A and its derivatives are produced in
      adrenal afferents which may be preganglionic cholinergic, and that they may play
      a significant role in the function of adrenal chromaffin cells.

PMID- 6386105
TI  - Somatotopic organization in the rat thalamic reticular nucleus.
AB  - Mapping experiments were carried out to establish the somatotopic organization of
      the somatosensory part of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TR) of the rat.
      Different parts of the body were found to project somatotopically onto the S-TR.
      The rostral-to-caudal and the dorsal-to-ventral axes in the body parts were
      transformed into the ventral-to-dorsal and the caudal-to-rostral axes in the S
      TR, respectively. The head and face occupied about two thirds of the S-TR,
      distributing in the ventral half and in the dorsocaudal part. Particularly a
      large area of the S-TR was devoted to the vibrissae, nose (rhinarium) and lip.
      The trunk was projected to a small area of the dorsal part. The projections of
      the hind- and forelimb were mainly in the dorsal part, the former being placed
      above the latter.

PMID- 6386104
TI  - Maintenance of immunocytologically identified Purkinje cells from mouse
      cerebellum in monolayer culture.
AB  - Purkinje cells were identified in monolayer cultures obtained from trypsin
      dissociated cerebella of embryonic and early postnatal mice by the Purkinje cell
      specific monoclonal antibodies PC1, PC2, PC3 and UCHT1. These cells also
      expressed the neuronal marker L1 antigen but not the glial markers, glial
      fibrillary acidic protein or 04 antigen. They also expressed tetanus toxin
      receptors, PC4, M1 and Thy-1 antigens. Survival of Purkinje cells was best: (a)
      when cerebella were taken from mice not older than one day of age: (b) when cells
      were seeded at higher plating densities; and (c) cultured in chemically defined
      medium which facilitates the survival of neurons. No Purkinje cells could be
      detected in cultures from mice older than 6 days. PC1 antigen expression
      developed in vitro on the same time scale as in vivo, i.e. it was first
      detectable at the equivalent of postnatal days 3-4. At this stage cell bodies had
      a size of 13-14 micron in diameter and few processes. Dendrite-like
      arborizations, with more than one primary dendrite, extension of usually only one
      thin and long (0.5-1.6 mm) axon-like process and collaterals directed
      preferentially towards other Purkinje cells, developed with time in culture until
      the final form was reached by the equivalent of approximately day 16. Cell body
      size was 18-19 micron in diameter at this stage. Cell shapes were reminiscent of
      those described in certain cerebellar mouse mutants and in experimentally
      produced agranular cerebella. Many ultrastructural features of these cells
      correlated with those described for the in vivo counterpart. However, there was a
      lack of spiny branchlets and abnormally long persisting somatic spines. Synaptic
      contacts of the 'en passant' type could be seen at the Purkinje cell soma. Gray
      type I synapses were seen on Purkinje cell dendrites and spines.

PMID- 6386106
TI  - The differentiation of oligodendrocytes in a serum-free hormone-supplemented
      medium.
AB  - Primary mixed cultures of trypsin-dissociated fetal and newborn rat brain and
      spinal cord have been grown in a serum-free medium. This medium, containing
      insulin, selenium, transferrin and triiodothyronine, was optimized for
      oligodendrocyte survival by determining the number of cells which expressed
      surface galactocerebroside. Comparison of cultures in serum-containing and serum
      free media revealed that galactocerebroside positive (GalC+) oligodendrocytes
      could be detected earlier in the absence of serum. This early differentiation
      occurred in the absence of the added hormones and nutrients, whose main function
      appeared to be to prolong survival of the cells. The effect of serum on the
      differentiation of oligodendrocytes was studied by comparing the expression of
      surface GalC in media containing 2.5% or 10% fetal calf serum. At a given time a
      much greater number of GalC+ oligodendrocytes could be detected at the lower
      serum concentration. However, when cultures were transferred from 10% serum to
      serum-free medium (or 1% serum) large numbers of GalC+ oligodendrocytes
      subsequently appeared, showing that precursors were present in the high-serum
      medium, but that they were unable to differentiate. Possible explanations of the
      effect of serum on oligodendrocyte differentiation are discussed.

PMID- 6386108
TI  - [Monoamine oxidase in mental diseases].

PMID- 6386107
TI  - [The ELISA test in the diagnosis and treatment of toxoplasmosis in pregnant
      women].

PMID- 6386110
TI  - Can retail dentistry help?

PMID- 6386109
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease].

PMID- 6386112
TI  - Employee or independent contractor?

PMID- 6386111
TI  - Sugar in medications: the covert contributor to dental disease.

PMID- 6386113
TI  - Real estate. Buying vs leasing.

PMID- 6386114
TI  - Computers and the dentist. Hardware.

PMID- 6386115
TI  - Formocresol pulpotomies on posterior permanent teeth.

PMID- 6386117
TI  - The effects of ice massage applied over the "Hoku" acupuncture point in reducing
      spontaneous pain of endodontic origin.

PMID- 6386116
TI  - History of formocresol pulpotomy.

PMID- 6386118
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of ulcerative, vesicular and bullous lesions of the oral
      cavity].

PMID- 6386119
TI  - The dentist and the older patient. A review of the relationship.

PMID- 6386121
TI  - Overview of dental practice management software including criteria for selection.

PMID- 6386120
TI  - The Canada Health Act and its implications for dentistry.

PMID- 6386122
TI  - Real estate. Purchasing a building--how to make it possible.

PMID- 6386123
TI  - Comparison of physical properties of commercial glass ionomer luting cements.

PMID- 6386125
TI  - Rampant caries due to an uncommon medical problem: report of a case.

PMID- 6386124
TI  - [Ultracaine in conventional operative dentistry].

PMID- 6386126
TI  - Comments on the 1983 NIH conference.

PMID- 6386127
TI  - Insulin response in rats acutely exposed to cold.
AB  - To examine the role of insulin during shivering thermogenesis, rats
      (unacclimatized) were exposed to 4 degrees C for 24 h and compared with control
      rats kept at 25 degrees C. Cold exposure lowered plasma insulin levels by one
      half, despite unchanged plasma glucose concentrations. Adrenodemedullation 2
      weeks prior to cold exposure partially restored the ability of cold rats' plasma
      insulin levels to respond to a glucose load, unless it was accompanied by a
      subcutaneous injection of epinephrine. When additional normal rats were cold
      stressed and injected immediately after exposure with an alpha-adrenergic
      blocking agent (phentolamine), an intravenous glucose challenge caused a mean
      peak insulin value that was 50% higher than that of untreated controls, while the
      glucose level was less elevated. The results suggest that cold depresses blood
      insulin levels through activation of the sympathetic adrenal system, an effect
      most likely mediated by alpha-adrenergic inhibition of the pancreatic insulin
      response.

PMID- 6386128
TI  - Effects of renal denervation on the renal responses of anesthetized rats to
      cyclohexyladenosine.
AB  - In the present experiments, we tested the hypothesis that renal denervation would
      attenuate or abolish some of the renal effects of cyclohexyladenosine, a
      nonmetabolized adenosine receptor agonist. A paired design (left kidney sham
      denervated or denervated versus the innervated right kidney) was used in
      anesthetized rats. Intravenous cyclohexyladenosine (2.3 nmol/min) reduced para
      aminohippurate and inulin clearances in both denervated and sham-denervated
      kidneys; these effects were increased rather than decreased in denervated
      kidneys. Similarly, cyclohexyladenosine decreased the excretion of Na+ and K+
      more in denervated than in innervated kidneys. Renal plasma flow was decreased by
      cyclohexyladenosine, without a corresponding increase in the arteriorenal venous
      difference in plasma renin concentrations, and arterial plasma renin
      concentration decreased in all rats given cyclohexyladenosine, suggesting
      inhibition of renin secretion. No differences in the latter variables were noted
      in denervated versus sham-denervated kidneys. Since cyclohexyladenosine produced
      effects in denervated kidneys which were equal to or greater than the effects in
      sham-denervated kidneys, it is concluded that these effects are mediated by
      direct actions, rather than by inhibition of transmitter release from the renal
      nerves.

PMID- 6386129
TI  - Membrane potential of vascular smooth muscle and hypertension in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats.
AB  - The resting membrane potential of tail arteries from spontaneously hypertensive
      rats (SHRs) and Wistar-Kyoto controls (WKYs) was compared. At 4-5 weeks old, the
      blood pressure and resting membrane potential of the SHRs was not significantly
      different from the WKYs. The blood pressure of 8- to 10-week-old SHRs increased
      significantly to 183 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa) from 127 mmHg at 4 weeks, and the
      membrane potential decreased from 60 to 51 mV. At 15 weeks of age, the blood
      pressure of the SHRs was 193 mmHg and the membrane potential was 49 mV. In WKYs,
      there was no significant change in membrane potential with age. The decrease in
      membrane potential in the SHRs is due to a decrease in the ouabain-sensitive
      electrogenic pumping. Chronic treatment of the SHRs with captopril (100 mg . kg-1
      . day-1) prevented the increase in blood pressure and the decrease in membrane
      potential.

PMID- 6386130
TI  - Morphological stabilization of the glycocalyces of 23 strains of five Bacteroides
      species using specific antisera.
AB  - Cells of five Bacteroides species were examined following treatment with
      homologous antisera and staining with ruthenium red. They were enveloped by
      glycocalyces and these extensive fibrous exopolysaccharide matrices were fully
      retained as an integral "capsule" by some cells, while other cells showed
      "capsule" as well as detached glycocalyx components forming an intercellular
      "slime.". These extensive glycocalyces collapsed during dehydration for electron
      microscopy and formed electron-dense accretions on cell surfaces and electron
      dense reticula in intercellular spaces when the cells were treated with
      heterologous antiserum or when antibody stabilization was omitted. The
      glycocalyces of all strains, both stabilized and unstabilized, were observed
      outside the outer membranes of cell walls that showed the "classic" gram-negative
      structural organization. Appropriate modifications of the indirect fluorescent
      antibody test demonstrated an integral "capsule" on all strains examined;
      detached glycocalyx and varying amounts of slime were demonstrated after
      stabilization with homologous, but not heterologous, antiserum.

PMID- 6386131
TI  - P1 bacteriophage and tellurite sensitivity in Klebsiella pneumoniae and
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli respond inversely toward P1
      bacteriophage or TeO3(-2). Klebsiella pneumoniae is resistant to both antagonists
      and E. coli is sensitive. However, P1 cmts lysogens (P1 cmts resistant) of K.
      pneumoniae became sensitive to tellurite and when cured from P1 cmts regained
      resistance. Escherichia coli spontaneous mutants selected for resistance to
      either P1 or TeO3(-2) were collaterally resistant to the other. As well, TeO3(-3)
      enhanced the adsorption of P1 vir to both E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Several
      outer membrane proteins were enhanced in the K. pneumoniae lysogens and were
      reduced in E. coli lysogens; one of which was the same molecular weight (77 000)
      in both bacteria. When partially purified it enhanced the plaque efficiency of P1
      vir. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli C600 inactivated P1 vir, but neither
      the P1 lysogens nor LPS derived from the lysogens inactivated P1 vir. Escherichia
      coli P1 lysogens produced only heptose-deficient LPS. It is suggested that both
      LPS and outer membrane protein(s) comprise the P1 receptor. TeO3(-2) may interact
      with one or both components.

PMID- 6386132
TI  - The effect of aculeacin A and papulacandin B on morphology and cell wall
      ultrastructure in Candida albicans.
AB  - Transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of Candida albicans
      cultures treated with the cell wall active antibiotics aculeacin A and
      papulacandin B (10 micrograms/mL) revealed highly distorted, wrinkled, and
      collapsed cells. Dividing cells failed to separate properly and aggregates of
      enlarged and elongated forms were often seen. TEM sections revealed thick and
      layered cell walls in the treated cultures and bud cross walls failed to
      segregate completely. Approximately 20% of the cells demonstrated complete cell
      necrosis accompanied with cytoplasmic deterioration, layered and distorted walls,
      and improperly formed buds and scars.

PMID- 6386134
TI  - Grosse Ile: island of the dead.

PMID- 6386133
TI  - Reticulum cell sarcoma with unusual presenting features: fever and low
      cerebrospinal fluid glucose levels.
AB  - Reticulum cell sarcoma of the central nervous system usually presents as a focal
      mass lesion. A patient is described who presented with declining intellectual
      function, fever, and low glucose levels and pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal
      fluid, which initially suggested an infectious process. This clinical
      presentation has not been documented previously. The patient's condition improved
      following treatment with dexamethasone and radiation.

PMID- 6386135
TI  - Objective measurements of nasal airflow and other diagnostic nasal tests.

PMID- 6386136
TI  - Nasal airway obstruction and facial development.

PMID- 6386138
TI  - Large cell lymphomas. I. Differential diagnosis of centroblastic and B
      immunoblastic subtypes by morphometry on histologic preparations.
AB  - Thirty-three large cell lymphomas, 18 centroblastic or large noncleaved follicle
      center cell lymphomas and 15 B-immunoblastic lymphomas, diagnosed by morphology
      and marker studies, were studied with morphometry. The following parameters were
      studied: nuclear and nucleolar area, nuclear shape, cytoplasm-to-nucleus ratio,
      number of nucleoli per nuclear cross section, location of the nucleolus within
      the nucleus as expressed by the relative nucleolar eccentricity (rNE), and the
      percentage of morphometrically defined immunoblasts. Mean values and standard
      deviations (SDs) were calculated and statistically analyzed. The two groups
      differed significantly in their nucleolar area (mean and SD), cytoplasm-to
      nucleus ratio (mean), number of nucleoli per nuclear cross section (mean and SD),
      rNE (mean), and percentage of immunoblasts. Using nonlinear discriminant
      analysis, the possibility of classifying individual cases with the studied
      parameters was investigated. Twenty-nine cases were reliably classified (88%);
      three were classified correctly, but with less than a 95% certainty, and 1 case
      was misclassified. The results indicate a spectrum ranging from centroblastic to
      B-immunoblastic lymphoma. Transition forms occur and can be accurately defined
      with morphometry.

PMID- 6386137
TI  - Nasal responses to air pollutants.

PMID- 6386139
TI  - Well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma. A study of 47 patients with primary
      manifestation in the lung.
AB  - Forty-seven cases of primary well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (WDL) of
      the lung were studied. Diagnosis was based on histologic identification of a
      lymphangitic pattern of infiltration and monomorphous (homogenous) cytologic
      composition. Nineteen cases (40%) had ancillary evidence supportive of a
      diagnosis of lymphoma including simultaneous or subsequent involvement of other
      organs, monoclonal immunologic markers, or a monoclonal serum gammopathy. The
      prognosis for the group as a whole was excellent; follow-up (median, 4 years) was
      available for 33 cases. Only one patient has died of lymphoma. The authors
      discuss the histologic differential diagnosis of lymphocytic infiltrates in the
      lung, propose criteria to distinguish reactive from neoplastic lymphocytic
      lesions, and discuss the significance of monoclonality in the management of these
      patients.

PMID- 6386140
TI  - Comparison of dynamic and conventional computed tomography, angiography, and
      ultrasonography in the staging of renal cell carcinoma.
AB  - A prospective study was carried out on 22 patients to assess the diagnostic
      ability to stage renal cell carcinoma by computed tomography, dynamic computed
      tomography, arteriography, ultrasonography, and radionuclide scanning. Dynamic
      computed tomography remedied the most consequential diagnostic shortcomings of
      conventional computed tomography and proved the most sensitive, specific, and
      accurate technique for staging of all types of contiguous extension of renal cell
      carcinoma. For the identification of bone metastases, radionuclide
      scintiscanograms were found most accurate and cost-effective.

PMID- 6386141
TI  - Carcinoid tumor occurring in a teratoid malformation of the kidney. An
      immunohistochemical study.
AB  - A case of a carcinoid tumor of the kidney that was intimately related to a mixed
      dysplastic and teratomatous lesion is reported. This lesion displayed focal
      transitional, mucinous, and endocrine differentiations. Immunofluorescence
      studies permit the identification of three immunoreactive products: somatostatin,
      glucagon, and serotonin. It is suggested that the carcinoid tumor arises from
      this peculiar lesion, which exhibits cells of endocrine lineage.

PMID- 6386142
TI  - Reflections on tumor origin, immunogenicity, and immunotherapy.

PMID- 6386145
TI  - Perspectives on clonogenic tumor cells, stem cells, and oncogenes.

PMID- 6386143
TI  - Neoplastic cells as targets of spontaneously cytotoxic lymphocytes: studies with
      natural killer-like cell lines.
AB  - Native natural killer (NK) cells comprise a heterogeneous family of lymphocytes
      distributed among several organs, which display spontaneous cytotoxic reactions
      directed against a broad range of tumor targets. In these studies, murine cell
      lines have been established in vitro following the selective expansion of bone
      marrow- and spleen-derived killer progenitors in culture medium supplemented with
      interleukin-2. Several clones of independent origin have been characterized in
      order to determine the extent of their phenotypic and functional diversity. With
      few exceptions most of them were found to be highly effective in lysing a variety
      of tumor cell lines, to share common cell surface alloantigens, lectin-binding
      receptors, and cytochemical markers. The presence of prominent azurophilic
      cytoplasmic granules is the most characteristic ultrastructural feature of these
      cells. In attempting to elucidate the nature of membrane components specifically
      recognized by NK cells we compared several isogenic tumor cell variants selected
      on the basis of their differential NK susceptibility, immunogenicity, metastatic
      potential or resistance to cytotoxic plant lectins. Sialylated glycoconjugates
      exposed on the external face of the tumor cell membrane appear to be essential
      determinants in the interaction between NK cells and their targets. Permanent
      cell lines retaining most of the functional attributes of endogenous NK cells may
      prove instrumental in understanding their role during tumor progression.

PMID- 6386146
TI  - Mutagenicity of cyclopenta-fused isomers of benz(a)anthracene in bacterial and
      rodent cells and identification of the major rat liver microsomal metabolites.
AB  - The microsomal metabolites and mutagenic activity of four cyclopenta-fused
      benz(a)anthracenes, benz(j)aceanthrylene [B(j)A], benz(e)aceanthrylene [B(e)A],
      benz(l)aceanthrylene [B(l)A], and benz(k)acephenanthrylene [B(k)A], have been
      studied. Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver microsomes metabolized B(j)A to B(j)A-1,2
      dihydrodiol, B(j)A-9,10-dihydrodiol, B(j)A-11,12-dihydrodiol, and 10-hydroxy
      B(j)A; B(e)A-1,2-dihydrodiol, B(e)A-3,4-dihydrodiol, and B(e)A-5,6-dihydrodiol;
      B(l)A to B(l)A-1,2-dihydrodiol, B(l)A-4,5-dihydrodiol, and B(l)A-7,8-dihydrodiol;
      and B(k)A to B(k)A-4,5-dihydrodiol and B(k)A-8,9-dihydrodiol. With each
      polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, metabolism occurred on the cyclopenta ring. All
      four isomers were active as gene mutagens in Salmonella typhimurium and in
      Chinese hamster V79 cells. In the S. typhimurium mutation studies, using Aroclor
      1254-induced rat liver S9, B(j)A, B(e)A, and B(l)A required significantly less
      microsomal protein for maximal mutation response than B(k)A and B(a)P, suggesting
      a one-step activation mechanism, presumably on the cyclopenta-fused ring. B(j)A,
      B(e)A, and B(l)A were significantly more mutagenic than B(k)A and B(a)P in S.
      typhimurium. In the Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver S9-mediated V79 mutagenesis
      system, all four isomers were active, with B(l)A the most active. When Syrian
      hamster embryo cells were used as the metabolic activation component for V79
      cells, only B(l)A produced a significant response and was equivalent in activity
      to B(a)P. A helical configuration for B(l)A is inferred from the identification
      of two trans-B(l)A-1,2-dihydrodiols, syn and anti, which have been synthesized,
      separated, and characterized. The metabolically formed dihydrodiol is anti-trans
      B(l)A-1,2-dihydrodiol, and experimental evidence suggests that the metabolically
      formed B(l)A-1,2-oxide is the anti-isomer. Synthetic B(l)A-1,2-oxide was found to
      be a direct-acting mutagen in S. typhimurium and Chinese hamster V79 cells and is
      estimated to account for up to 40% of the mutagenic activity of the parent
      hydrocarbon. Therefore, certain cyclopenta-ring fusions on benz(a)anthracene
      appear to markedly increase its genotoxic and carcinogenic activities.

PMID- 6386147
TI  - Sequential changes in the activities of lipoprotein lipase and lipogenic enzymes
      during tumor growth in rats.
AB  - The sequential changes in lipid metabolism during tumor growth were evaluated in
      inbred Lewis rats bearing a mammary adenocarcinoma (AC33). Serum lipids, insulin,
      glucagon, and liver and adipose tissue lipogenic enzymes were measured in tumor
      bearing and control rats after 6, 12, 18, 24, and 32 days of tumor growth.
      Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in heart, soleus muscle, and epididymal fat
      pads was also determined. On the sixth day, the activity of LPL was reduced in
      the adipose tissue and remained lower throughout the duration of the experiment.
      Serum triglycerides were elevated from the 12th day followed by an increase in
      free fatty acid levels from the 18th day of tumor growth. These changes were
      accompanied by a decrease in serum insulin levels in the tumor-bearing rats from
      Day 12. The presence of the tumor also decreased the activities of some of the
      lipogenic enzymes in liver and adipose tissue, but these changes occurred at the
      later time points. On the 24th day, a decrease in fat pad weights was found and
      characterized by a decrease in fat cell size but not in fat cell number. These
      results suggest that a defect in clearance, due to the decrease in the activity
      of adipose tissue LPL, may be responsible for the early development of
      hypertriglyceridemia during tumor growth. In this study, the alterations in the
      lipogenic enzymes and LPL cannot be attributed to reduced food intake but may be
      due to the direct or an indirect effect of the tumor on a hormone such as
      insulin.

PMID- 6386144
TI  - Role of plasma, platelets, and endothelial cells in tumor metastasis.
AB  - This review studies interactions of tumor cells with a particular host system
      which is normally responsible for hemostasis and the physiological integrity of
      the blood vessel luminal surface. With malignancy components of this system are
      frequently activated, producing abnormalities of blood coagulation, increased
      platelet responses, and conditions favoring tumor growth and metastasis.
      Activation of the clotting cascade is mediated by tumor and macrophage
      procoagulants, acting via Factor X or VII. Thrombin and fibrin are formed.
      Thrombin also interacts with platelets and the endothelium, potentiating or
      decreasing coagulation. Generation of thrombin or other tumor mechanisms activate
      platelets, leading to direct aggregation or secretion of ADP, serotonin, and/or
      intermediates of the arachidonate metabolism. Vascular lesions caused by tumor
      attack, platelet secretion, or exogenous agents promoting metastasis may also
      activate the hemostatic system. It is not yet fully understood how activation of
      the clotting system, including platelets, contributes to metastasis. Secretion of
      platelet products appears, however, to be heavily involved. Based on putative
      mechanisms of action, anticoagulants, platelet inhibitors, thrombocytopenic or
      vascular repairing agents have been used to control tumor spread. Results
      depended on the agent and experimental model of metastasis used. Except for
      coumarin, which was beneficial even against spontaneous metastases, other
      anticoagulants and platelet inhibitors, excluding perhaps Nafazatrom, gave
      equivocal results. Thrombocytopenic agents, however, were effective in every
      tumor system and with any experimental model of metastasis, indicating that
      platelets play a role in this process. Also consistent were the inhibitory
      effects of leech salivary gland extract (probably a vascular repairing agent)
      against lung tumor colonization promoted by ionizing radiation, cyclophosphamide,
      and cortisone.

PMID- 6386148
TI  - Characterization of sialosylated Lewisx as a new tumor-associated antigen.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody CSLEX1 which reacts with sialosyl Lex but not with sialosyl
      Lea has been produced. The CSLEX1 antigen has a tissue distribution similar to
      that of Lex, appearing characteristically in the proximal tubules of the kidney
      and on granulocytes. It is tumor associated in that 14 of 34 (41%) of tumor lines
      tested reacted with the CSLEX1 antibody, and 50 of 74 (68%) of tumor tissues
      tested reacted with the antibody. Loss of immunoperoxidase staining of tissues
      after neuraminidase treatment showed that the antibody is reacting to sialyl
      derivatives. The antibody reacted in solid-phase radioimmunoassay to
      sialosyllactofucopentaosyl(III)ceramide and sialosyldifucosylganglioside (6B).
      These results indicate that the CSLEX1 epitope has the following structure:
      (formula: see text) This structure had not previously been known to be tumor
      associated.

PMID- 6386149
TI  - Analysis of antigenic expression by primary and autologous metastatic human
      sarcomas using murine monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - The efficacy of monoclonal antibody therapy depends in part on the expression of
      the relevant tumor-associated antigens by both primary tumors and their
      metastases. Antigen expression by paired primary and autologous metastases from
      surgically excised osteogenic and soft-tissue sarcomas from 15 patients was
      studied using a panel of murine hybridoma monoclonal antibodies and indirect
      immunoperoxidase staining of formalin-fixed tissue sections. The panel included
      three antibodies (B3619, 17-9H3, OST6) recognizing sarcoma-associated antigens
      and an antibody recognizing an HLA-DR framework determinant (OKla1). In most
      cases, antibody binding to both primary and metastatic tumors was observed.
      However, marked heterogeneity of binding intensity between primary and metastatic
      tumors and of cells expressing antigens within tumors was noted. This occurred
      even though primary and metastatic tumors demonstrated homogeneous histology and
      cellular morphology. Differences were noted among patients as well as among
      metastases taken from an individual. A significant number of both primary and
      metastatic tumors contained cells that did not bind a particular antibody even in
      the presence of other cells that demonstrated significant antibody binding. Thus,
      strategies for single monoclonal antibody therapy may be limited by heterogeneity
      of intertumor and intratumor antigenic expression.

PMID- 6386150
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and dosage reduction of cis-diammine(1,1
      cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum in patients with impaired renal function.
AB  - cis-Diammine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum (CBDCA) is a nonnephrotoxic
      but myelosuppressive analogue of cisplatin (DDP) with greatly reduced protein
      binding and greatly increased renal excretion. Thus, CBDCA might produce undue
      toxicity in patients with decreased renal function. Twenty-two patients [14
      females and 8 males; median age, 66 (range, 35 to 83); median Karnofsky
      performance status, 70 (range, 40 to 90)] with refractory tumors and renal
      dysfunction [creatinine clearance (CCr) 6 to 83 ml/min] were treated with 31
      courses of i.v. bolus CBDCA every 4 to 5 weeks. Dosages were determined by
      pretreatment CCr. Patients with CCr greater than or equal to 40 ml/min received
      400 mg/sq m; patients with CCr 20 to 39 ml/min received 250 mg/sq m; and patients
      with CCr 0 to 19 ml/min received 150 mg/sq m. Toxicities were assessed by weekly
      clinical and laboratory assessment. Responses were assessed in patients with
      measurable disease. Plasma pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion of total and
      ultrafilterable platinum were measured with flameless atomic absorption
      spectrometry. Observed toxicities were similar to those in patients with normal
      renal function. Myelosuppression, especially thrombocytopenia, was the major
      toxicity. Nausea and vomiting were mild to moderate. There was no ototoxicity,
      neurotoxicity, or nephrotoxicity or reduction in CCr due to CBDCA. Total body
      clearance of ultrafilterable platinum correlated highly with CCr. The percentage
      of reduction in platelet count correlated highly and linearly with the area under
      the curve (AUC) of plasma-ultrafilterable platinum. However, for any AUC, there
      was 17% greater platelet reduction in patients who had previously received
      extensive myelosuppressive chemotherapy than in nonpretreated patients. Since
      total body clearance is proportional to CCr, platelet reduction is proportional
      to AUC, and total body clearance = dosage/AUC, we have derived an equation to
      calculate a dosage that will produce a desired reduction in platelet count.
      Calculations for theoretical patients (both pretreated and nonpretreated) with
      CCr of 100 ml/min produce dosages very close to maximum tolerated dosages derived
      in actual Phase I trials. The actual clinical utility of these predictive
      equations must await validation in prospective studies with larger numbers of
      patients.

PMID- 6386152
TI  - Low-dose bromocriptine therapy in severe Parkinson's disease.
AB  - We present an interim report of an ongoing, single-blind study of the
      effectiveness and safety of bromocriptine mesylate (Parlodel) in 15 patients, 14
      of whom had severe idiopathic Parkinson's disease (Stages 4 and 5 on the Hoehn
      and Yahr Scale). The patients had never received levodopa, amantadine, or
      bromocriptine. Gradually increasing doses of bromocriptine were assessed: Initial
      daily dosage was 1.25 mg, with weekly increments of 1.25 mg/day until either the
      clinical response was satisfactory or a maximum of 15 mg/day was reached. The
      patients were on no other antiparkinsonian agents, except trihexyphenidyl HCl
      (Artane). Response to treatment was scored on the Columbia Scale. The patients
      discussed in this report had been in the study for varying times, ranging from 1
      month to 3 years. Only one patient who entered this study dropped out because his
      response to bromocriptine was unsatisfactory; he had taken the drug for 2 weeks.
      No serious adverse reactions were noted with the gradually increasing dosage
      regimen. Response on the whole was very satisfactory; patients improved by at
      least two stages on the Hoehn and Yahr Scale. Improvement began within 48 h of
      onset of treatment with 1.25 mg daily. The preliminary results of this study
      indicate that low-dose bromocriptine as a first-line drug in severe Parkinson's
      disease is definitely warranted.

PMID- 6386151
TI  - Dyskinesias associated with lithium therapy in parkinsonism.
AB  - Five patients with the "on-off" phenomenon of parkinsonism who developed
      dyskinesias associated with a reduction in akinesia during treatment with lithium
      carbonate are described. The data show that lithium-induced dyskinesias may occur
      in the absence of lithium neurotoxicity and at normal serum lithium
      concentrations. These observations are interpreted in the context of recent
      evidence that indicates that lithium may "stabilize" dopaminergic and cholinergic
      receptor sensitivity.

PMID- 6386153
TI  - Bromide psychosis: a literary case.
AB  - Author Evelyn Waugh, noted for such works as Brideshead Revisited, published in
      1957 an autobiographical account of his own bromide psychosis in the novel The
      Ordeal Of Gilbert Pinfold. Until now, however, the fact of his bromide poisoning
      had gone unrecognized both in biographies of Waugh and in analyses of the novel.
      Ordeal gives a detailed, accurate, day-by-day description of bromide psychosis.
      This unusual, witty, and fascinating piece of literature actually provides the
      most complete monograph on the subject. In this article we review the literature
      on bromide poisoning, discuss the events of the novel and of Waugh's life in
      light of his bromide psychosis, and suggest the relevance of the case to
      medicine.

PMID- 6386154
TI  - Naloxone may be beneficial in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia.

PMID- 6386155
TI  - Enzymatically and electrocardiographically estimated infarct size in relation to
      pain in acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - In 563 patients with acute myocardial infarction and no previous myocardial
      infarction, the estimated infarct size was related to the estimated duration of
      pain and the amount of analgesics given. The size of infarction estimated from
      analyses of heat-stable lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) at 12-hour intervals
      for 48-108 h and from Q- and R-wave changes in the ECG correlated positively,
      although weakly with duration of the pain and the amount of analgesics given.
      These data support the hypothesis that larger infarcts, as a group, evolve over a
      longer time period than smaller infarcts and that the duration of pain in many
      patients might be an indicator of the infarct size. In the individual patient,
      however, one cannot predict the size of the infarction from the severity of pain.

PMID- 6386156
TI  - Chromium deficiency and cardiovascular risk.
AB  - Recent measurements have demonstrated that plasma chromium levels in patients
      with coronary artery disease are very much lower than in normal subjects. A
      review of the literature concerning the physiological functions of chromium (or
      GTF) shows it to be implicated in most of the known factors of cardiovascular
      risk, via its effect on insulin levels and activities. Chromium deficiency leads
      to impaired lipid and glucide metabolism and results in high circulating insulin
      levels, the probable consequences of which suggest that chromium deficiency may
      be a primary risk factor in cardiovascular disease.

PMID- 6386157
TI  - The activities and subcellular localisation of neutral proteinases in human
      monocytes and polymorphonuclear leucocytes.

PMID- 6386158
TI  - [Primary reninism--a rare cause of malignant renal hypertension].

PMID- 6386159
TI  - [In memory of Prof. Jiri Divis , 4 May 1886-2 July 1954].

PMID- 6386160
TI  - [30 years of the Traumatology Research Institute in Brno].

PMID- 6386161
TI  - [Sclerosis multiplex. Nosological identification 150 years ago].

PMID- 6386162
TI  - New formulae for the evaluation of a single set of data from double labelling
      with [14C]TdR and [3H]TdR.

PMID- 6386163
TI  - Platelet-endothelial cell interactions in vitro following freeze-thaw injury or
      detergent treatment.
AB  - Platelet interactions with cultured bovine endothelial cells were studied
      following freeze-thaw damage or detergent treatment. Platelets from whole blood,
      platelet-rich plasma, or gel-filtered plasma did not interact directly with
      freeze-thaw-damaged endothelial cells. Freezing and thawing did result in the
      exposure of an extracellular matrix located beneath the cells, which proved very
      thrombogenic. Platelets from all sources attached to both microfilament and
      amorphous components of the extracellular matrix, although only platelets from
      whole blood demonstrated aggregation and extensive pseudopodia formation.
      Treatment of cells with Triton-X detergent resulted in exposure of an
      intracellular cytoskeleton. Most platelets attached to the cytoskeleton were
      located near the cell border and had one or more pseudopodia either in contact
      with extracellular or intracellular material. Adhesion of platelets to the
      extracellular matrix may represent platelet-collagen or platelet-fibronectin
      interactions since both are produced by an incorporated into the extracellular
      matrix. Platelet interaction with endothelial cytoskeletons may represent contact
      of pseudopodia with the now exposed matrix located beneath the cells. The
      possibility that platelets also adhered to intracellular components could not be
      eliminated. These findings are in agreement with data from a freeze-thaw injury
      model of perfused aorta. In addition, they tend to indicate that physical insult
      is not sufficient to induce platelet interaction with the endothelial surface,
      but that chemical modification enhances platelet deposition.

PMID- 6386164
TI  - Ultrastructural changes associated with renin secretion from the juxtaglomerular
      apparatus of mice.
AB  - Thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas were used to investigate the
      ultrastructural changes associated with renin secretion from the juxtaglomerular
      part of the afferent arteriole of male mice. Adrenalectomized animals in which
      renin secretion was stimulated by furosemide application and bleeding were also
      studied. Exocytosis of mature electron-dense granules was found in all
      experimental groups. Before extrusion, the region of granule facing the cell
      membrane changed, with vesicular and/or stacked membrane-like profiles and a
      small local protrusion of the granule membrane appearance of. Concomitantly,
      punctuate sites of fusion between the cell and granule membranes were observed.
      Later, unaltered amorphous, and altered membrane-like granule content was
      released from omega-shaped cavities into the extracellular space. In stimulated
      animals the alteration and extrusion of several closely apposed granules was
      reminiscent of compound exocytosis. Coated pits were frequently seen, suggesting
      specific retrieval of the former granule membrane. The collapsing silhouette of a
      depleted granule very rarely took the form of a saccule whose narrow membrane
      bounded neck was continuous with the extracellular space. Observed were two
      additional events by which active and inactive renin may be released. Small
      electron-lucent vacuoles of undetermined origin fused with the cell membrane and,
      in stimulated kidneys, some epithelioid cell processes disintegrated. However,
      the interpretation of the related ultrastructural phenomena was uncertain.

PMID- 6386165
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in the
      brain of the lizard, Lacerta muralis.
AB  - The distribution of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) was studied
      in the brain of the lizard Lacerta muralis by means of immunocytochemical
      staining methods. alpha-MSH-like containing cells were found in the ventro
      lateral preoptic area and the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. Some
      scattered cells staining for alpha-MSH were also detected in the mesencephalo
      diencephalic boundary region, while numerous alpha-MSH-like nerve fibres were
      localized in the medial eminence. No reaction was observed after the use of
      antiserum preabsorbed with synthetic antigen. These findings suggest that an
      alpha-MSH-like peptidergic system could possibly be involved in the hypothalamo
      hypophysial regulation and/or play a role as neurotransmitter in this animal.

PMID- 6386166
TI  - Ontogeny of avian extrinsic ocular muscles. I. A light- and electron-microscopic
      study.
AB  - Light- and electron-microscopic studies were performed on those tissues that are
      supposed to deliver the anlagen of the extrinsic ocular muscles. Since the
      blastemata of the ocular muscles can be traced back into the prechordal mesoderm,
      it can be concluded that this tissue is the source of these muscles. In embryos
      from stage 8-10 according to Hamburger and Hamilton (HH) cells are found to
      detach from the lateral border of the prechordal mesoderm. These cells are
      assumed to give rise to the trochlearis and abducens musculature. In stage-14
      embryos the paired premandibular cavity arises within the lateral wings of the
      prechordal mesenchyme. In 4-day embryos the lateral wall of each premandibular
      cavity becomes denser forming a premuscular mass, which is subdivided into the
      anlagen of the oculomotorius muscles in 5-day embryos. The head cavities are not
      homologous to somites because their structures, origins and sites are very
      different.

PMID- 6386167
TI  - Crypt architecture of tonsilla lingualis in the monkey, Macaca fascicularis. A
      correlated light- and scanning electron-microscopic study.
AB  - Crypts of the lingual tonsil were investigated in 10 male and female Macaca
      fascicularis by use of correlated light- and scanning-electron microscopy.
      Counting of crypt openings provided an estimate of the total number of respective
      crypto-lymphatic units, which were found to range from 20 to 39. Crypt openings
      appeared in three distinct morphological varieties, i.e. circular, oval or slit
      like. Tonsillar units existed individually or were arranged in a rosary fashion
      below a slit-like mucosal fold serving as a common exit. Although the crypt
      epithelium was generally non-keratinized, individual cells showing a surface
      pattern similar to that of the keratinized cells could be encountered. The crypt
      epithelium was frequently fragmented and showed heavy mononuclear cell
      infiltration and surface discontinuities, with lymphoid cells coming in contact
      with luminal contents. The crypt lumen either appeared as a simple epithelial
      invagination or existed as a complex, cavernous pouch with many blind-ending
      diverticula. The lumen contained a mixture of exfoliated epithelial cells,
      leucocytes and bacteria. The secretory ducts of the posterior lingual glands
      opened occasionally at various levels into the crypt lumina or independently to
      the exterior.

PMID- 6386168
TI  - Interaction of metabolic inhibitors with actin fibrils.
AB  - The dependence of the arrangement of fibrillar actin in cultured endothelial
      cells on metabolic conditions was investigated with cellular elements derived
      from the heart of Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Either primary culture or an
      established cell line (XTH-2) were used in these studies. The metabolic stage of
      the cells was influenced by inhibiting respiration and lactate production. The
      actin pattern was revealed either by indirect immunofluorescence or by
      tetramethylrhodaminyl (TRITC)-phalloidin fluorescence. Total block of energy
      supply causes in all cases a distinct loss of actin fibrils, while inhibition of
      respiration alone increases the variability of actin organization. In primary XTH
      cells but not in XTH-2 cells cyanide disintegrates most of the actin fibres
      during 3 h of treatment. This effect is independent of the inhibition of
      respiration, since actin gels prepared from skeletal muscle also undergo
      destruction in the presence of cyanide. It is concluded that the actin fibrils of
      the primary cells and the established line behave differently to changing
      metabolic conditions and to application of KCN.

PMID- 6386169
TI  - Localization and characterization of T-cell subpopulations and natural killer
      cells (HNK 1+ cells) in the human tonsilla palatina. An ultrastructural
      immunocytochemical study.
AB  - In the present study attention was focussed on several lymphoid subpopulations
      and specific stationary cells of the human tonsilla palatina. They were labeled
      at the light- and electron-microscopic levels by means of monoclonal antibodies
      to cell surface antigens. Cells resembling interdigitating cells (IDC-like cells)
      within the crypt epithelium and the interdigitating cells in the parafollicular T
      cell region express the HLA-DR antigen. This fact suggests a relationship between
      these two populations of cells. Both cell types were frequently found in close
      contact to T-helper cells labeled with Anti-Leu 3a. This fact is discussed as a
      confirmation of earlier suggestions that the tonsillar crypt epithelium serves as
      T-cell region. Cytotoxic/suppressor-T cells (OKT8+) and Leu 7-positive cells do
      not appear to contact interdigitating cells. Anti-Leu 7 is a monoclonal antibody,
      that defines a differentiation antigen shown to be selectively expressed on human
      natural killer cells (NK-cells). With the use of the immuno-electron-microscopic
      labeling method it was possible to analyze the ultrastructure of this lymphoid
      subpopulation. Two morphologically distinguishable subtypes of Leu 7-positive
      cells populate different microenvironments: The Leu 7-positive large-granular
      lymphocyte was predominantly found in the crypt epithelium, while numerous Leu 7
      positive cells located in the germinal centers had the appearance of small
      lymphocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6386171
TI  - Glial fibrillary acidic protein and differentiation of neonatal rat pituicytes in
      vitro.
AB  - The appearance and intracellular localisation of glial fibrillary acidic protein
      (GFAP) in pituicytes in neural lobe cultures of newborn rats aged 7 to 30 days
      were investigated by use of the indirect immunofluorescence method. GFAP
      immunoreactive cells were observed mostly in the outgrowth zone. GFAP was
      localised in the perikaryal cytoplasm as well as in pituicyte processes. GFAP
      positive pituicytes showed considerable morphological polymorphism. The presence
      of GFAP - astrocytic marker - in pituicytes in vitro and the evident
      morphological similarity to cultured astrocytes suggest the astroglial character
      of these cells.

PMID- 6386170
TI  - Electron-microscopic immunohistochemical study of the localization of
      immunoglobulin G in the choroid plexus of the rat.
AB  - The localization of autologous antiperoxidase immunoglobulin G (IgG) was studied
      in the choroid plexus of Lewis rats immunized against horseradish peroxidase
      (HRP). This experiment was performed to study the permeability of the choroid
      plexus to intravascular IgG. It was shown that autologous IgG was present in the
      extravascular spaces. The transendothelial transfer appeared to occur mainly via
      the fenestrations and some interendothelial junctions. No transfer of IgG at the
      level of epithelial cells toward the cerebrospinal fluid was demonstrated.
      Interstitial spaces in contact with the connective-tissue cells of the choroid
      stroma were strongly labeled. The significance of these spaces remains
      hypothetical and raises the question of the fate of IgG from the interstitial
      space.

PMID- 6386172
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the human
      hypothalamus.
AB  - In order to study the distribution of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in the
      human hypothalamus, an immunocytochemical localization of this peptide was
      performed. Using antibodies developed against synthetic porcine neuropeptide Y
      (NPY), we have been able to localize immunoreactivity in neuronal cell bodies
      located exclusively in the infundibular nucleus. Immunostained fibers were found
      in several regions in the hypothalamus with a high concentration in the
      periventricular areas. Fibers were also found in the neurovascular zone of the
      median eminence, the pituitary stalk and the posterior pituitary. These results
      suggest that immunoreactive material related to porcine NPY is present in the
      human hypothalamus, with a distribution similar to that observed in the rat.

PMID- 6386174
TI  - Digital venous angiography in the diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with the clinical suspicion of pulmonary thromboembolism
      underwent venous digital subtraction angiography (DSA) concurrently with
      selective conventional pulmonary angiography and the results were compared by two
      independent observers. Our conclusion is that venous DSA lacks adequate
      specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism in
      subsegmental pulmonary arteries. Any benefit derived from this slightly less
      invasive technique is far outweighed by the decrease in technical detail when
      compared to the selective film screen method.

PMID- 6386173
TI  - Kenyan chloroquin, fansidar and quninine resistant P. Falciparum.

PMID- 6386175
TI  - Lymphoma of the heart.
AB  - A case of malignant lymphoma involving the heart is reported. The patient
      presented with symptoms of cardiac decompensation. The echocardiographic findings
      of an echogenic mass arising from the pulmonary valve as well as demonstration of
      soft tissue density diffusely infiltrating the heart and mediastinum was
      confirmed by computer tomography and angiography. Although the findings on the
      noninvasive studies were highly indicative of tumor involvement, the temporal
      association of the symptoms to a motor vehicle accident lead to the erroneous
      diagnosis of intracardiac and mediastinal hematoma.

PMID- 6386176
TI  - Microcomputer analysis of indicator dilution curves to determine Qp/Qs.
AB  - We developed and tested, in an animal model, a method for collecting and
      analyzing indicator dilution curves to determine the pulmonary-to-systemic flow
      ratio (Qp/Qs) using a programmable microcomputer. Curves were digitized in real
      time by an analog to digital converter. A gamma variate curve fitting algorithm,
      similar to that used in nuclear cardiology, was used to determine the area under
      primary and recirculation portions of a single cardiogreen dye curve. A ratio of
      these areas was used as a measure of Qp/Qs. In an animal model simulating patent
      ductus arteriosus, there was close correlation of Qp/Qs measured by the Fick
      method and by the microcomputer method (computer Qp/Qs = 0.95 X Fick Qp/Qs +
      0.22, R = 0.97, N = 14, SEE = 0.14). The computer method of measuring Qp/Qs is
      rapid, easily repeatable, and does not require catheter manipulation. Therefore,
      it may be particularly useful in the clinical cardiac catheterization laboratory
      for studying the effects of interventions on Qp/Qs.

PMID- 6386177
TI  - Distinct populations of microtubules: tyrosinated and nontyrosinated alpha
      tubulin are distributed differently in vivo.
AB  - A unique post-translational modification of tubulin has previously been described
      in which a tyrosine residue is reversibly added to the C terminus of the alpha
      tubulin subunit. We have prepared peptide antibodies that specifically react
      (shown by competitive immunoassay and Western blots) with the tyrosinated (Tyr)
      and nontyrosinated (Glu) forms of alpha-tubulin. Immunofluorescence with these
      antibodies demonstrated that the distributions of Tyr and Glu tubulin in fixed
      cells were markedly different. Tyr tubulin was found throughout the interphase
      network of microtubules and in the metaphase spindle, whereas Glu tubulin was
      present in a limited subset of interphase microtubules and was absent from the
      astral fibers of the metaphase spindle. Double immunofluorescence showed that Glu
      and Tyr microtubules comprised distinct subsets of the total cellular
      microtubules. These results suggest that tyrosination is involved in the
      establishment of separate populations of microtubules that may functionally
      distinct.

PMID- 6386178
TI  - Mutations of the heat inducible 70 kilodalton genes of yeast confer temperature
      sensitive growth.
AB  - S. cerevisiae contains a family of genes related to the major heat shock induced
      gene of Drosophila (Hsp70). Two members of this family, YG100 and YG102, are 97%
      identical to each other in their protein coding regions. RNA transcribed from
      YG100 increases markedly after a heat shock, while transcripts of YG102 increase
      minimally. Mutants of the two genes were constructed in vitro and substituted in
      the yeast genome in place of the wild-type alleles. No phenotypic effect of
      single mutations of either gene was detected. However, cells containing both the
      YG100 and YG102 mutations grew slowly at 30 degrees C and could not form colonies
      at 37 degrees C. The temperature sensitive phenotype can be overcome by inserting
      either an intact YG100 or YG102 gene into the genome. Pretreatment at 37 degrees
      C before shift to a normally lethal temperature of 51 degrees C protected the
      double mutant as well as the wild type, indicating that YG100 and YG102 gene
      products are not needed for resistance to high temperatures for short periods.

PMID- 6386179
TI  - Different base/base mismatches are corrected with different efficiencies by the
      methyl-directed DNA mismatch-repair system of E. coli.
AB  - The efficiency of methyl-directed DNA mismatch-repair of E. coli acting in vivo
      on heteroduplex genomes of phage M13 was found to be strongly dependent on the
      nature of the base/base mismatch to be corrected. Three efficiency classes were
      characterized:high (T/G, C/A and G/G); intermediate (A/A); and low (G/A, A/G,
      T/T, C/C, C/T and T/C). Methyl-directed DNA mismatch repair was lost completely
      for any type of mismatch in strains carrying either mutL or mutS mutations. Data
      obtained with a mutH mutant suggest that this locus is involved in methyl
      dependent DNA strand discrimination. A functional correlation is suggested
      between the differential repair efficiencies and the frequencies of the
      corresponding replication errors.

PMID- 6386180
TI  - Molecular genetics and the light reactions of photosynthesis.

PMID- 6386181
TI  - Microinjection of actin-binding proteins and actin antibodies demonstrates
      involvement of nuclear actin in transcription of lampbrush chromosomes.
AB  - Nuclei of amphibian oocytes contain large amounts of actin, mostly in
      unpolymerized or short-polymer form. When antibodies to actin or actin-binding
      proteins (fragmin and the actin modulator from mammalian smooth muscle) are
      injected into nuclei of living oocytes of Pleurodeles waltlii, transcription of
      the lampbrush chromosomes, but not of the rRNA genes, is inhibited. When
      transcription is repressed by drugs or RNA is digested by microinjection of
      RNAase into oocyte nuclei, an extensive meshwork of actin filament bundles is
      seen in association with the isolated lampbrush chromosomes. These observations
      indicate a close relationship between the state of nuclear actin and
      transcriptional activity and suggest that nuclear actin may be involved in
      transcriptional events concerning protein-coding genes.

PMID- 6386182
TI  - A clathrin-coated, Golgi-related compartment of the insulin secreting cell
      accumulates proinsulin in the presence of monensin.
AB  - When the intracellular transit of 3H-labeled (pro)-insulin polypeptides is
      perturbed by monensin in the pancreatic B-cell, proinsulin conversion is impaired
      and the radioactive peptides accumulate in a clathrin-coated membrane compartment
      related to the Golgi apparatus. Clathrin was demonstrated by immunocytochemistry
      using the postembedding protein A-gold technique. The coated compartment, which
      is dilated by monensin, comprises Golgi cisternae with condensing secretory
      material and newly formed secretory granules; under monensin block, the noncoated
      (storage) secretory granules do not become significantly labeled. These data
      suggest that an unperturbed passage through a Golgi-related, clathrin-coated
      membrane compartment which subsequently matures into noncoated secretory granules
      is needed for the normal processing of (pro)insulin polypeptides.

PMID- 6386183
TI  - Acquired immunity to heavy infection with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette
      Guerin and its relationship to the development of nonspecific unresponsiveness in
      vitro.
AB  - Mice heavily infected with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)
      rapidly generated an acquired cellular immune response to this infection, as
      characterized primarily by the emergence of a splenic T-cell population capable
      of passively transferring substantial levels of adoptive protection against a
      challenge infection with M. tuberculosis. The emergence of this protective T-cell
      population was temporally associated with considerable levels of DNA synthesis in
      vivo in both the spleen and liver, and with the development of an acquired
      capacity within the animal to express very high levels of nonspecific resistance
      to secondary intracellular bacterial infection. Concomitant with the emergence of
      this acquired response, splenic T cells from infected animals became severely
      unresponsive to blastogenic in vitro stimulation with the mitogen
      phytohemagglutinin, and possessed the capacity to suppress the responsiveness of
      normal T cells in cocultures. Both the unresponsiveness of T cells from infected
      mice and their immunosuppressive activity in vitro could be essentially ablated
      by supplementation of the tissue culture medium with a supernatant containing
      very high titers of the T-cell growth factor interleukin 2 (IL-2). Furthermore, T
      cells harvested from these animals at the peak of in vitro unresponsiveness
      exhibited a substantial capacity to absorb or consume IL-2 from IL-2-containing
      supernatants. It is hypothesized, on the basis of these findings, that mice
      heavily infected with BCG acquire an IL-2-dependent T-cell population within the
      spleen in response to this infection, and that the observed in vitro blastogenic
      unresponsiveness of spleen cells which contain this population may be an
      artefactual effect arising from the reduction or consumption of available IL-2
      within the sustaining culture medium. The relevance of these findings is
      discussed with particular regard to clinical situations, such as lepromatous
      leprosy, in which restorative strategies involving the in vivo use of IL-2 are
      presently being postulated.

PMID- 6386184
TI  - Glycolipid-dependent interaction between human migration-inhibitory factor and
      mononuclear phagocytes.
AB  - It has been previously established in the guinea pig that the response of
      peritoneal macrophages to migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is enhanced by a
      macrophage glycolipid and that gangliosides reversibly bind MIF. This suggests
      that glycolipids function as cell surface receptors for MIF. In this report, it
      is demonstrated that the response of human peripheral blood monocytes to human
      MIF is augmented by preincubation of these cells with glycolipid-enriched
      material extracted from the human macrophage-like cell line U937 or human
      peripheral blood monocytes and with a purified glycolipid from guinea pig
      peritoneal macrophages. In addition, a mixed ganglioside preparation from bovine
      brain shows the same effect. In contrast, the pure gangliosides, GM1 and GD1a,
      and glycolipids from the HL-60 cell line, which is a MIF-unresponsive cell line,
      were not able to enhance the response to human MIF. The specificity of
      enhancement by particular glycolipids could not be attributed to an increased
      uptake of only enhancing glycolipids since there was no significant difference
      between the association of monocytes with radioactive liposomes containing
      biologically active or inactive glycolipids. Pronase treatment did not affect the
      enhancing activity of the U937 glycolipid-enriched material. Incubation of cells
      with glycolipids results in enhancement only if done at 37 degrees C and not at 4
      degrees C. Therefore, the association of lipid with the monocyte surface appears
      to be dependent on temperature. Further evidence for the receptor nature of these
      enhancing glycolipids is provided by experiments involving affinity purification
      experiments. Coupling of bovine brain mixed gangliosides to agarose resulted in a
      matrix capable of reversibly binding MIF. GD1a-agarose was inactive in this
      respect.

PMID- 6386185
TI  - Immunological aspects of retinoids in humans. II. Retinoic acid enhances
      induction of hemolytic plaque-forming cells.
AB  - The effects of retinoic acid (RA) on the induction of antibody-producing cells
      from human tonsillar lymphocytes sensitized to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) have
      been evaluated. Our results indicated that 10(-5) to 10(-7) M RA caused up to a
      three-fold increase in the number of plaque-forming cells (PFC) and a qualitative
      increase in the size of the plaques during the induction of PFC in 5- to 7-day
      cultures. Enhancement also occurred when tonsil cells were preincubated with RA
      for 24 hr and then washed, or when RA was added any time in the first 4 days
      after initiation of the culture. When T- and B-cell fractions were pretreated
      with RA for 24 hr, washed, and recombined with SRBC, RA-induced augmentation of
      PFC occurred only in conjunction with RA treatment of the B-cell fraction.
      Pretreatment of the T-cell fraction had no effect on PFC induction or on the RA
      enhanced response when the B-cell fraction was simultaneously treated with RA.
      Other experiments suggested that RA did not modulate PFC induction by influencing
      regulatory functions of adherent accessory cells. Our study demonstrates that RA
      can enhance human antibody responses and shows that this effect is not caused by
      increased activity of T cells or adherent accessory cells, but is instead the
      result of a direct effect of RA on B-cell populations.

PMID- 6386186
TI  - Membrane antigen phenotype of sensitized T lymphocytes mediating tuberculin
      delayed hypersensitivity in rats.
AB  - The membrane antigen phenotype of immune lymph node cells (LNC) which mediate
      tuberculin-delayed hypersensitivity (DH) in Lewis rats was examined. The results
      show that the T-cell population which expresses the RT7.1 alloantigen defined by
      the BC 84A monoclonal antibody contained cells capable of transferring DH.
      Separation of the RT7.1-positive T-cell population with the monoclonal antibodies
      W3/25, MRC OX-8, or DS 4.23 (which defines the RT6.1 alloantigen) revealed that
      either the W3/25-positive or the RT6.1-negative T-cell subpopulations contained
      DH effector cells, whereas the corresponding MRC OX-8-positive or RT6.1-positive
      T-cell subpopulations did not. Moreover, when the W3/25-positive T-cell
      subpopulation was divided into either RT6.1-positive or RT6.1-negative T-cell
      subsets, only the W3/25-positive, RT6.1-negative subset transferred DH. These
      results indicate that the effector cells that mediate tuberculin DH are contained
      within the immune T-cell subset which bears both the RT7.1 and the W3/25 markers,
      but lacks both the MRC OX-8 and the RT6.1 markers.

PMID- 6386187
TI  - Growth inhibition of Cryptococcus neoformans by cloned cultured murine
      macrophages.
AB  - Cloned and unselected bone marrow-derived macrophage cell lines were obtained
      from A/J, AKR/J, BIO.A(5R), CBA/J, DBA/2, HPC, NZW, and [NZB X NZW]F1 mice, and
      their interactions were studied in vitro with a lightly encapsulated natural
      serotype A isolate of Cryptococcus neoformans. Growth inhibition of C. neoformans
      was seen with all of the cell lines, as determined by enumeration of colony
      forming units. Inhibition was enhanced by a high concentration (8%) of fresh
      mouse serum and was the same for serum obtained from AKR/J (C5 deficient) and
      BIO.A (C5 normal) mice. Macrophage incubation with fresh AKR/J serum which had
      been absorbed with heat-killed Cryptococcus cells also inhibited C. neoformans
      growth. Heat-inactivation, EDTA addition or anti-C3 antibody treatment of fresh
      serum abolished the opsonic activity for C. neoformans, while EGTA addition to
      fresh serum was without effect on opsonization. In addition, neither IgM nor IgG1
      murine monoclonal antibodies specific for C. neoformans enhanced phagocytosis or
      killing of the yeast by macrophages. These findings are consistent with the
      interpretation that C3b is an important modulator of interactions between
      macrophages and C. neoformans.

PMID- 6386188
TI  - Dipeptidyl peptidase IV as a new surface marker for a subpopulation of human T
      lymphocytes.
AB  - Plasma membranes were isolated from normal human lymphocytes as well as from
      cells of chronic lymphocytic leukemia of the T type. In both cases the bulk of
      the dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity paralleled the distribution of 5'
      nucleosidase and, therefore, was localized in the plasmalemma. Immunofluorescence
      experiments with normal human lymphocytes and with antibodies against dipeptidyl
      peptidase IV revealed that this peptidase was accessible on the surface of viable
      cells. Further, it was demonstrated that the relative number of dipeptidyl
      peptidase IV-positive cells is much higher in lymphocytes reacting with the OKT4
      antibody than in OKT8-positive cells. On the other hand, it has been reported
      that this peptidase is absent in B lymphocytes and is predominantly found in T
      cells bearing the Fc receptor for IgM (T mu lymphocytes). Thus, it is concluded
      that dipeptidyl peptidase IV represents an easily demonstrable surface marker of
      this lymphocyte subset.

PMID- 6386189
TI  - T-cell responsiveness in Mycobacterium lepraemurium infections in a "resistant"
      (CBA) and a "susceptible" (BALB/c) mouse strain.
AB  - Antigen-specific and mitogen-nonspecific T-lymphocyte proliferation and
      lymphokine release (interleukin 2 and macrophage activation factor) were studied
      in BALB/c and CBA mice infected intravenously with 10(8) Mycobacterium
      lepraemurium organisms. The responsiveness of spleen cells from infected animals
      to Con A and specific MLM antigen declined as the infection progressed. Thus, the
      decreased responsiveness appeared earlier and was more profound in the relatively
      susceptible BALB/c strain than in the relatively resistant CBA strain. Nylon-wool
      purified, T-cell-enriched spleen cells from both strains, however, responded to
      both M. lepraemurium antigen and Con A until the later stages of infection (17
      weeks postinfection). The relevance of nonspecific immunodepression mediated by
      nylon-wool-adherent spleen cells to the progressive nature of this infection is
      discussed.

PMID- 6386190
TI  - Immature T lymphocytes in human cord blood identified by monoclonal antibodies: a
      model for the study of the differentiation pathway of T cells in humans.
AB  - The reactivity of human cord blood lymphocytes was assessed against a panel of
      monoclonal antibodies (MoAb). The mean proportion of OKT3+ cells (pan-T) was
      significantly lower in cord blood (52 +/- 13.8%; mean +/- SD) compared with that
      of adult blood (75 +/- 8.9%) and paralleled well with the E-rosette-forming
      capacity (50 +/- 16.3%). Both the proportions of OKT4+ cells (helper/inducer
      phenotype) and of OKT8+ cells (suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype) were significantly
      reduced in cord blood (43 +/- 11.8% vs 50.3 +/- 7.4% and 20 +/- 10.3% vs 25.6 +/-
      6.0%, respectively), while the overall OKT4/OKT8 ratio was increased compared
      with adult blood (2.87 +/- 1.83 vs 2.04 +/- 0.61). Unlike adult blood, in 30 of
      the 35 samples of cord blood an overlap was observed between the total proportion
      of OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells (65 +/- 15.2%) and that of OKT3+ cells (52 +/- 14.3%).
      Although small numbers of cells coexpressing both antigens were occasionally
      found, double-staining analysis showed that the overlap in cord blood was mostly
      due to an expanded proportion of OKT3 (Leu-4)-/OKT8 (Leu-2)+ cells. Relevant
      proportions of OKT6+ (common thymocyte antigen) and OKT10+ (thymocytes, activated
      T cells, precursor cells) cells were found in cord blood as opposed to adult
      blood (10.8 +/- 8.6% vs 0.6 +/- 0.6% and 67 +/- 18.0% vs 8 +/- 2.1%,
      respectively), while terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-positive cells were
      observed only in two samples of cord blood. A small proportion of T cells (E
      rosette+) reacted with the MoAb OKIa1 (HLA-DR). Finally, the proportion of cord
      blood cells recognized by the MoAb Leu-7 (HNK-1 clone) was almost negligible
      compared with adult blood (2.8 +/- 2.4% vs 15 +/- 7.5%). These data confirm the
      immaturity and heterogeneity of cord blood lymphocytes and demonstrate the
      presence at birth of circulating lymphocytes which express a surface phenotype
      reminiscent of that found in the late stages of intrathymic differentiation and
      in some human T-cell leukemias. Human cord blood may thus represent a suitable
      model for the study of the differentiation pathway of normal and pathological T
      cells in humans.

PMID- 6386191
TI  - Granuloma macrophages in murine schistosomiasis mansoni generate components of
      the angiotensin system.
AB  - The angiotensin cascade was recently detected in liver granulomas of murine
      Schistosomiasis mansoni, suggesting an immunoregulatory role for angiotensins in
      inflammation. In this study, isolated liver granulomas were fractionated into
      macrophage or lymphocyte-eosinophil-rich populations to determine the cellular
      origin of these hormones. Immunoreactive angiotensins I, II, and III (AI, AII,
      and AIII) were detected in granuloma macrophage homogenates by radioimmunoassay
      and chromatography. No angiotensins were associated with the lymphocyte
      eosinophil fraction. Isolated granuloma macrophages, but not the lymphocyte
      eosinophil fraction, retained appreciable angiotensins when cultured in vitro and
      spontaneously released these peptides into the culture medium. Similarly, culture
      of these cells in the presence of exogenous angiotensinogen or AI resulted in
      additional AI and/or AII/III appearing in the medium. These data support the
      contention that granuloma macrophages generate angiotensins from both endogenous
      and exogenous substrates.

PMID- 6386192
TI  - [The dynamic ultrasonic picture in obstetrical diagnosis].

PMID- 6386193
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis and mini-abortions].

PMID- 6386194
TI  - [Ultrasonics and computer tomography--controlling methods in treatment with
      Platidiam].

PMID- 6386195
TI  - [History of otolaryngologic care in Bratislava].

PMID- 6386196
TI  - [A case of de Toni-Caffey syndrome].

PMID- 6386197
TI  - [Personal experience with the Ekoline 6000 ultrasound apparatus].

PMID- 6386198
TI  - Uptake, metabolism and mutagenic activity of aromatic glycidyl compounds.
AB  - Aromatic diglycidyl compounds are very active mutagens when assayed in in vitro
      tests. In vivo, however, resorcinol diglycidyl ether provided no evidence for the
      clastogenic activity, while diglycidylaniline exhibited definite mutagenic
      activity in the micronucleus test. Since the only difference between these two
      compounds lies in the binding mode of the glycidyl groups to the aromatic nucleus
      (i.e. ether oxygen vs. aminic nitrogen), this apparent discrepancy in mutagenic
      activity led to the question of the mechanisms involved in such an activity
      difference. Although no clear signs of differential uptake or excretion could be
      detected in mice, differences could be seen in the spectrum of urinary
      metabolites; while resorcinol diglycidyl ether seemed to become fully converted
      to the genetically inactive bis-diol compound, a sizeable proportion of
      diglycidylaniline was converted only to the diol-epoxide. In vitro investigations
      and enzyme kinetic measurements with postmitochondrial supernatant of rat or
      mouse liver homogenate (S-9) finally yielded the biochemical explanation for this
      behaviour, as they showed a very low affinity of the diol-epoxide metabolite of
      diglycidylaniline for the epoxide hydrolase, normally involved in the degradation
      of such compounds. The diol-epoxide obtained from resorcinol diglycidyl ether, on
      the other hand, has an affinity to the degradation enzyme similar to, or even
      higher than, the one measured with the parent substance.

PMID- 6386199
TI  - Epidemiology of snake-bite in Sri Lanka: a review.

PMID- 6386200
TI  - Traditional methods of snake-bite treatment in Sri Lanka.

PMID- 6386201
TI  - Studies on the mutagenicity of Swertiae Herba. I. Identification of the mutagenic
      components.

PMID- 6386202
TI  - [Biotypes of Salmonella typhimurium in Iraq].
AB  - 207 Salmonella typhimurium strains isolated from childrens below three years (190
      strains), adult patients (8 strains), health carriers (7 strains) or animals (2
      strains) were studied with the biotyping scheme of Cordano, Richard and Vieu
      (1971). Five biovars were found and 76.8% of the strains were TTR+, Ino+, Tre+,
      d. Tar- (biovar d). In Irak the epidemiology of the Salmonella typhimurium human
      infections is associated with an high frequency of strains of Salmonella
      typhimurium 0:5- (var. Copenhagen), biovar d.

PMID- 6386203
TI  - [Sensitivity of diarrhea organisms to nifuroxazide].

PMID- 6386206
TI  - [Treatment of tumors of the internal angle of the eye with respect of the
      lacrimal ducts: a study of the surgical treatment of 26 cases].

PMID- 6386205
TI  - [Survey on filariasis in New Caledonia].
AB  - A parasitological survey has been conducted in the localities of New Caledonia
      where foci of subperiodic bancroftian filariasis, transmitted by Aedes vigilax,
      had been observed in 1950-1957. The microfilaremia indices obtained in 1979-1980
      are generally lesser than in the past. Some foci on the west coast, have
      disappeared; the other ones are spread along the coasts in the north, north-west,
      north-east and east of the mainland, one is located in Ouvea island. Aedes
      vigilax is highly prevalent in the surroundings of the foci; infection rate is
      low (0.5%).

PMID- 6386204
TI  - [Imported malaria in Brest hospitals from 1974 to 1980].
AB  - From 1974 to 1980, 42 confirmed hospital cases of imported malaria occurred in
      Brest. For 4 cases, we have no information. For the others, 24 care Europeans and
      14 non-Europeans. Among the Europeans, the merchant-seamen are the most exposed
      group. A high proportion of infections are due to Plasmodium falciparum, mainly
      from black Africa. One patient had a neuropaludism and three had serious attacks.
      In about half of patients, the initial diagnosis was not malaria. All cases of P.
      falciparum were due to lack or inadequate chemoprophylaxis.

PMID- 6386207
TI  - The humoral antibody response to Shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection, as
      determined by ELISA.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for determining the class-specific
      humoral antibody response to the lipopolysaccharide antigen from Shigella
      dysenteriae serotype 1 bacteria has been tested. Two or more serum samples from
      each of 60 persons infected with this organism during a dysentery outbreak in a
      boarding school for young men near Haiphong, Viet Nam, and single serum samples
      from 39 healthy Vietnamese and from 20 healthy Swedes were included in the study.
      Comparison of the titres in the sera from the patients and the Vietnamese
      controls showed that the patients had significantly elevated IgA titres in sera
      collected 10, 30 and 45 days after onset of infection, and significantly elevated
      IgG titres in sera collected 30, 45 and 180 days after the onset. The titres in
      the patients' sera, compared with those in the Swedish controls, were
      significantly elevated for IgA and IgM as well as IgG in the samples collected
      after 10, 30, 45 and 180 days. The use of rabbit antisera, specific for
      enteropathogenic bacteria, and absorption experiments with human sera indicated
      that the S. dysenteriae type 1 lipopolysaccharide antigen is specific with
      respect to the O-antigenic polysaccharide chain.

PMID- 6386208
TI  - Malaria in urban and rural areas of southern Ghana: a survey of parasitaemia,
      antibodies, and antimalarial practices.
AB  - A comparative cross-sectional survey was undertaken in two populations, urban and
      rural, in southern Ghana to assess the impact of urbanization on the prevalence
      of malaria parasitaemia and antibodies. At the same time, a survey of
      antimalarial practices was conducted on sample populations in the two
      communities. The results showed a low parasite rate (1.6%) and correspondingly
      low titres of malaria antibodies in a significant proportion of the urban
      community, particularly in children less than 10 years old. This was associated
      with widespread use in the urban community of antimalarial drugs, particularly
      chloroquine, as prophylaxis. The parasite rate in the rural community was 22%,
      and 97% of the sample population over 1 year of age had antibodies against
      Plasmodium falciparum. These results demonstrate that a substantial proportion of
      urban children are growing up with little exposure to malaria, even in a region
      considered endemic for malaria. The implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 6386209
TI  - A new in vitro test for pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine susceptibility of Plasmodium
      falciparum and its correlation with in vivo resistance in Kenya.
AB  - A useful in vitro method for field evaluation of Plasmodium falciparum
      sensitivity to pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine is described. Thirty-five Kenyan
      schoolchildren infected with P. falciparum were treated with this drug
      combination and followed up for 5 weeks. In vitro tests for sensitivity to these
      drugs and to chloroquine were performed before starting treatment. All infections
      cleared within 7 days of treatment, but 5 children had recurrent parasitaemia
      within 35 days. The original isolates from 4 of these 5 children had an in vitro
      response to pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine similar to a known strain that was
      resistant to these drugs; only 4 of the remaining 30 isolates from patients in
      whom recurrent parasitaemia did not occur had a resistant in vitro response (P =
      0.006). In the patient with recurrent parasitaemia whose initial isolate appeared
      sensitive to pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine, the recurrent isolate had a resistant
      pattern in vitro, suggesting either reinfection or selection of a resistant
      subpopulation following treatment. The in vitro response to this drug combination
      was correlated with the in vitro response to either drug alone and with the in
      vitro response to chloroquine. Two of the 5 infections with recurrent
      parasitaemia after initial pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine treatment were resistant to
      chloroquine in vivo. The in vitro test for pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine should be
      useful for mapping the spread of multidrug-resistant P. falciparum.

PMID- 6386210
TI  - Plasmodium falciparum in Haiti: susceptibility to pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine
      pyrimethamine.
AB  - Eighteen patients with Plasmodium falciparum infection were studied in Port-au
      Prince, Haiti, to monitor the response of the malaria parasite to sulfadoxine
      pyrimethamine. In all infections the parasitaemia was cleared rapidly following
      treatment with standard dose of the drug combination; no recrudescence was
      observed during follow-up periods of 1 week (4 patients) and 4 weeks (14
      patients). Parallel in vitro tests indicated that 5 of the 16 isolates
      successfully tested were resistant to pyrimethamine alone.

PMID- 6386212
TI  - Occlusal splints (MORA) vs. placebos show no difference in strength in
      symptomatic subjects: double blind/cross-over study.
AB  - Many athletes with or without occlusal problems are now using mandibular
      orthopedic repositioning appliances (MORA) or simply occlusal splints, supposedly
      to enhance skeletal muscle strength. Recent research to establish these claims
      has suffered from design inaccuracies. In theory, the MORA reduces
      temporomandibular stress during clenched jaw efforts. It is suggested that pain
      in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and surrounding musculature could limit a
      maximum effort during an athletic endeavour. Eight subjects with TMJ disorders
      were tested for strength changes in 4 muscle groups with a custom MORA and
      placebo splint in a tightly controlled double-blind cross-over protocol using a
      Cybex II dynamometer. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) did not show
      significant differences in strength change between the two splints. Neither were
      there any trends that would suggest strength benefits from the MORA.

PMID- 6386213
TI  - Clinical pharmacokinetics of high-dose mitomycin C.
AB  - The pharmacokinetic profile of high-dose mitomycin C was determined in blood
      plasma and urine of twelve patients with advanced malignancies in a program
      including autologous bone marrow transplantation. A total dose of 60 mg/m2 was
      given, either as a single 60-min infusion or divided into infusions of 30 mg/m2
      on each of 2 days or 15 mg/m2 on each of 4 days. One group was given 15-min
      infusions. Samples of blood plasma and urine were analyzed by high-performance
      liquid chromatography. Drug concentrations in plasma followed a biphasic pattern,
      with a terminal elimination half-life of 45 min. This half-life value and other
      parameters were unaffected by dose level, infusion time, and repeated doses. The
      lower peak plasma concentrations following 30 mg/m2 given as 60-min infusions
      compared to the same dose given over 15 min may have accounted for a dramatic
      drop in the incidence of a severe hemorrhagic colitis. Mitomycin C was excreted
      in urine at about the same rate as it was eliminated from plasma, but a larger
      percentage of the dose appeared in urine after 15-min infusions than after 60-min
      infusions. The pharmacokinetic profile, together with clinical observations,
      suggests that the dose-limiting toxicity of mitomycin C may be related to peak
      drug levels, and that both these levels and the toxicity are lessened as the
      infusion time is increased.

PMID- 6386214
TI  - Possible involvement of a vicinal, non-bay-region dihydrodiol-epoxide in the
      activation of dibenzo[a,e]fluoranthene into bacterial mutagens.
AB  - Dibenzo[a,e]fluoranthene, its 7-hydroxy, 3,4- and 12,13-dihydrodiol metabolic
      derivatives as well as three synthetic, structurally related hydrocarbons, were
      tested for mutagenicity towards Salmonella typhimurium TA100 strain in the
      presence of 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rat and mouse liver post-mitochondrial
      supernatants. Of these compounds, the 12,13-dihydrodiol showed the highest
      activity, being 6-10 times more mutagenic than the parent compound. Our data, in
      conjunction with those of previous studies on the liver microsomal metabolism and
      DNA binding of dibenzo[a,e]fluoranthene and its dihydrodiols, indicate that
      activation of dibenzo[a,e]fluoranthene to bacterial mutagens may occur
      predominantly through a vicinal, non-bay-region 12,13-dihydrodiol epoxide.

PMID- 6386211
TI  - Neonatal tetanus in the world today.
AB  - Neonatal tetanus is an important cause of avoidable morbidity and mortality. In
      the past this disease was overlooked by the health services of many developing
      countries, but recently the extent and magnitude of neonatal tetanus has become
      clearer and shown that it is a very serious health problem in the developing
      countries. The results of community-based surveys show that neonatal tetanus
      mortality rates range from less than 5 to more than 60 per 1000 live births;
      these deaths represent between 23% and 72% of all neonatal deaths. The results so
      far suggest that this disease claims the lives of over half a million new-born
      children every year. All forms of tetanus, and especially neonatal tetanus,
      remain substantially under-reported in many countries, and routine reporting
      systems identify only about 2-5% of the estimated number of tetanus cases (based
      on the results of community surveys). More reliable and accurate estimates of the
      incidence and mortality from tetanus are therefore required.The elimination of
      neonatal tetanus is an essential and attainable goal. It may be achieved by
      combining two approaches: (1) increasing the immunization coverage of women of
      child-bearing age, and especially pregnant women, with tetanus toxoid, and (2)
      improving maternity care, with particular emphasis on increasing the proportions
      of deliveries that are attended by trained persons.Neonatal tetanus mortality
      should serve as an index of the quality and the extent of utilization of the
      maternal health services, of the impact of immunization programmes, and of the
      progress being made in achieving the WHO goal of "Health for All by the Year
      2000".The elimination of neonatal tetanus calls for a full commitment by
      governments and by other bodies, public and private, with a responsibility for
      the care of women and children. The occurrence of even a single case of neonatal
      tetanus is witness to failures in the health system, for prevention is possible
      through the actions of trained health staff in contact with the mother.

PMID- 6386215
TI  - Relevance of nitrosamines to human cancer.

PMID- 6386216
TI  - Hemodynamic and hematologic changes in a standardized trauma-sepsis model in
      rats.
AB  - The aim of this report was to describe an experimental trauma-sepsis model in
      rats. Trauma consisted of laparotomy and sepsis was induced by intravenous
      infusion of different amounts (10(8)-10(10)) of live Escherichia coli. Three
      experimental series were performed. In the first series survival rates were
      studied up to 7 days after trauma-sepsis. In the second and third series pulse
      rate, intraarterial blood pressure, cardiac output, liver blood flow and
      hematologic changes were studied after 24 h. Cardiac output was determined by dye
      dilution method and hepatic blood flow by 133Xe wash-out technique. Survival
      rates were decreased in a dose-related manner when the amount of bacteria
      administered was increased from 10(8) to 10(10). Twenty-four hours after trauma
      sepsis, survival rate was 100% following E. coli 10(8), 69% following E. coli
      10(9), and 23% following E. coli 10(10). After 7 days the corresponding figures
      were 85%, 31%, and 8%. A dose-related decrease was also observed for cardiac
      output and hepatic blood flow when the amount of bacteria was increased. Mean
      arterial blood pressure was unchanged. Platelet and white blood cell counts were
      reduced 24 h following trauma-sepsis, and these changes were also more pronounced
      when the amount of bacteria infused was increased. Thus, it was possible to
      demonstrate a graded response following increasing amounts of bacteria regarding
      survival rate, cardiac output, liver blood flow, and hematologic changes in three
      subsequent experimental series. A carefully standardized experimental model may
      be of value for studies of metabolic events following trauma and sepsis.

PMID- 6386217
TI  - Coronary arteriography--it took a long time!

PMID- 6386218
TI  - Continuous measurement of left ventricular volume in animals and humans by
      conductance catheter.
AB  - An eight-electrode conductance catheter previously developed by us and used to
      determine stroke volume in dogs was applied in human beings and dogs to measure
      absolute left ventricular volume quantitatively. For calibration we developed the
      formula V(t) = (1/alpha)(L2/sigma b)G(t) - Vc, where V(t) is time-varying left
      ventricular volume, alpha is a dimensionless constant, L is the electrode
      separation, sigma b is the conductivity of blood obtained by a sampling cuvette,
      and G(t) is the measured conductance within the left ventricular cavity. Vc is a
      correction term caused by the parallel conductance of structures surrounding the
      cavity and is measured in two ways. The first method, applicable in the
      anesthetized animal, consists of temporary reduction of volume to zero by
      suction. The second method uses a transient change in sigma b by injection of a
      small bolus of hypertonic saline (dogs) or 10 ml of cold glucose (humans) into
      the pulmonary artery. The validity of the formula was previously established for
      the isolated postmortem canine heart. The predicted linearity, slope constant
      alpha, and accuracy of Vc for the left ventricle in vivo were investigated by
      comparing the conductance volume data with results from independent methods:
      electromagnetic blood flow measurement for stroke volume and indicator dilution
      technique for ejection fraction (dogs), thermal dilution for cardiac output (12
      patients), and single-plane cineventriculography for V(t) (five patients). In all
      comparisons, linear regression showed high correlation (from r = .82 [n = 46] to
      r = .988 [n = 20]) while alpha, with one exception, ranged from 0.75 to 1.07 and
      the error in Vc ranged from 0.5% to 16.5% (mean 7%). After positioning of the
      catheter, no arrhythmias were observed. It is concluded that the conductance
      catheter provides a reliable and simple method to measure left ventricular
      volume, giving an on-line, time-varying signal that is easily calibrated.
      Together with left ventricular pressure obtained through the catheter lumen, the
      instrument may be used for instantaneous display of pressure-volume loops to
      facilitate assessment of left ventricular pump performance.

PMID- 6386219
TI  - National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: new frontiers in heart, lung, and
      blood disease. Research through a unique and growing partnership.

PMID- 6386220
TI  - The brain and hypertension: reflections on 35 years of inquiry into the
      neurobiology of the circulation.
AB  - In 1948 knowledge of the role of the central nervous system in controlling blood
      pressure was rudimentary and the possibility that the brain could contribute to
      hypertension was barely acknowledged. Over the past 35 years the development of
      new technologies, particularly those of the neurosciences, and their application
      to cardiovascular medicine have markedly increased our understanding of how the
      brain governs the circulation. Notable has been the increase in knowledge of the
      neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, and physiology of the representation, within the
      brain, of the pathways critical in governing blood pressure, particularly those
      involved in tonic and baroreflex control of the circulation. The observation that
      perturbations in these networks can lead to the development of hypertension or
      the reversal of established hypertension and the demonstration that some of these
      networks are targets of drugs used in the clinical treatment of hypertension
      provide obvious clinical relevance to the discoveries. In the future, it is
      expected that more will be discovered about the biochemical neuroanatomy, and
      hopefully the molecular biology, of these neuronal networks. Such advances will
      permit more rigorous testing of the proposition that defects in these systems may
      underlie the disorder of hypertension in human beings.

PMID- 6386221
TI  - New Frontiers in biology related to heart, lung, and blood diseases. Opening
      remarks.

PMID- 6386222
TI  - New frontiers in biology related to heart, lung, and blood diseases. Opening
      remarks.

PMID- 6386223
TI  - Prostaglandins and vascular function.

PMID- 6386224
TI  - Message from the President of the United States.

PMID- 6386225
TI  - Thirty-five years of progress in cardiovascular research.
AB  - In this overview of the achievements of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood
      Institute (NHLBI), the major developments in each major form of heart disease
      since the birth of the Institute 35 years ago are reviewed. In the case of
      congenital heart disease, it has become possible to establish an accurate
      diagnosis, often by noninvasive methods, and to correct by surgical treatment
      almost all congenital cardiac malformations. The major challenge now is to
      eliminate these disorders; this will require an understanding of the fundamental
      molecular basis of these lesions. Acquired valvular heart disease can also now be
      characterized by hemodynamic, angiographic, as well as noninvasive techniques,
      principally echocardiography. Surgical treatment is usually successful, but
      improvement in the durability of valves without thromboembolic potential remains
      an important challenge. While essential hypertension can now be managed
      pharmacologically in almost every patient and while such management reduces the
      excess mortality resulting from this condition, current research focuses on
      elucidating the underlying basis of this disorder. Atherosclerosis remains the
      most common cause of cardiac and vascular disease. Although its cause has not
      been defined, several abnormalities in lipid metabolism that play an etiologic
      role in many patients with atherosclerosis have been identified. The treatment of
      these disorders with cholesterol-binding resins, which increase the number of
      cellular receptors for low-density lipoprotein, and with inhibitors of the enzyme
      required for cholesterol biosynthesis holds considerable promise. Noninvasive
      techniques will be used increasingly for detection of atherosclerosis in
      asymptomatic persons and for determining the efficacy of therapy. The mortality
      resulting from acute myocardial infarction has been reduced in half by the
      development of coronary care units and the prompt treatment of potentially fatal
      ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Current research is focused on preventing pump
      failure by limiting infarct size; lysis of coronary thrombi now appears to be the
      most promising method of accomplishing this. Chronic angina pectoris can be
      relieved by the judicious use of three classes of drugs--organic nitrates, beta
      adrenergic blockers, and calcium antagonists, and two mechanical approaches-
      percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and coronary artery bypass
      grafting--are usually successful in relieving angina in patients who do not
      respond adequately to medical management. Whether or not any of these approaches
      prolong life is not yet settled.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6386226
TI  - Improved assay for alcohol dehydrogenase activity in serum by centrifugal
      analysis.
AB  - We describe an improved method for determination of alcohol dehydrogenase (EC
      1.1.1.1) activity in 60 microL of human serum, based on conversion of ethanol to
      acetaldehyde with simultaneous reduction of NAD+ in glycine NaOH buffer (pH 9.0)
      at 37 degrees C in a centrifugal analyzer. The final concentration of NAD+ was 10
      mmol/L and ethanol was 20 mmol/L. The dilution curve was linear with enzyme
      activity up to 200 U/L, and results by this method correlated well with those by
      a manual method (N Engl J Med 279: 241-248, 1968). Within-run precision (CV) was
      0.9 to 8.2% over the range of 4.5 to 88.1 U/L, and day-to-day precision was 5.4
      to 5.6%. In sera from 198 healthy individuals, mean alcohol dehydrogenase
      activity was 1.6 (SD 1.2, range 0-5) U/L. To evaluate the clinical utility of
      determining alcohol dehydrogenase, we measured the activity of alanine
      aminotransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase in sera from 470 patients with various
      diseases in our hospital, and found that results for the two enzymes did not
      correlate well.

PMID- 6386227
TI  - Homogeneous enzyme immunoassay for cortisol with a centrifugal analyzer.
AB  - We determine serum cortisol by a homogeneous enzyme immunoassay in the Cobas Bio
      centrifugal analyzer. To unbind cortisol from its protein complex, serum is
      treated for 15 min with an acidic solution. The reaction then proceeds
      automatically in the analyzer at 37 degrees C. To 50 microL of sample mixture is
      added 125 microL of reagent (cortisol antibodies, glucose 6-phosphate, and NAD+).
      This mixture is incubated for 60 s, after which 25 microL of a cortisol
      derivative labeled with glucose 6-phosphate is added; the increase in absorbance
      is monitored at 340 nm. The standard curve was linear from 10 to 500 micrograms
      of cortisol per liter. Within-assay precision (CV) varied from 0.2 to 0.6%,
      between-assay precision from 6.2 to 10.6%. Analytical recovery ranged from 100 to
      103%. Results for control samples deviated from target values by 1.4 to 7.8%.
      Results compared well with those by radioimmunoassay. The method is reliable and
      practicable and will usefully replace previous routine methods for serum
      cortisol.

PMID- 6386228
TI  - Interference of endogenous lactoperoxidase antibodies in a solid-phase
      immunosorbent radioassay for antibodies to protein hormones.
AB  - Interference of endogenous antibodies to lactoperoxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) has been
      demonstrated in a solid-phase immunosorbent radioassay for the detection of
      antibodies to protein hormones. On enzymic iodination with lactoperoxidase, a
      little of the 125I is incorporated in the enzyme itself by self-iodination.
      Because the 125I-labeled lactoperoxidase was not removed from the tracer by
      chromatography on Sephadex G-50, G-100, and G-200 columns, endogenous antibodies
      to the enzyme, which were present in 25 of 28 sera from apparently healthy
      individuals, were detected in conjunction with the measurement of antibodies to
      growth hormone (somatotropin), prolactin, and thyroglobulin, thus causing false
      positive results. Contaminating radioactive lactoperoxidase can be removed by
      adsorption chromatography on cellulose or by liquid chromatography, and can be
      avoided by performing the iodination with immobilized lactoperoxidase or with
      Chloramine-T.

PMID- 6386229
TI  - A new technique for studying the relationship between maternal diabetes and the
      sialic acid content of fetal pulmonary surfactant.
AB  - By adapting a standard method for precipitation of high-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and Mg2+, fetal pulmonary surfactant
      can be rapidly isolated from human amniotic fluid, 97% of the total disaturated
      phosphatidylcholine being precipitated from the sample. The
      lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio for 17 separate specimens correlated reasonably well
      (r = 0.76) with the concentration of disaturated phosphatidylcholine in the PTA
      precipitate. Using thiobarbituric acid as the chromophore, I measured sialic acid
      in the PTA precipitate after overnight treatment with neuraminidase. The sialic
      acid/protein ratio for the PTA precipitate was identical to that for the
      surfactant, as isolated by ultracentrifugation. The concentrations of insulin and
      C-peptide were significantly greater in specimens of amniotic fluid from mothers
      with diabetes than from non-diabetic mothers (p less than 0.001). When the
      specimens were segregated according to a C-peptide cutoff value of 4
      micrograms/L, there was a small, significant decrease in PTA-precipitated
      concentrations of sialic acid in the samples with C-peptide greater than 4
      micrograms/L. The results suggest a possible mechanism for the increased
      incidence of respiratory distress among infants born to diabetic mothers.

PMID- 6386230
TI  - Abbott radiative energy attenuation method for quantifying ethanol evaluated and
      compared with gas-liquid chromatography and the Du Pont aca.
AB  - Quantification of ethanol by a radiative energy attenuation (REA) technique was
      evaluated and compared with results by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and by the
      Du Pont aca. Within-assay CVs were less than 5.5%. Between-assay CVs ranged from
      1.9% to 6.0% for serum and blood controls at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5
      g/L. We observed no cross reactivity with methanol, isopropanol, or acetone, and
      analytical recovery of ethanol from serum averaged 101%. For the three-method
      comparison we performed parallel determinations of 156 blood, 92 serum, and 54
      urine samples containing a wide range of ethanol concentrations. Linear
      regression analysis of the REA results vs those of GLC or aca yielded the
      following: for serum, REA = 1.03 GLC -0.03 (r = 0.998), REA = 1.13 aca -0.04 (r =
      0.999); for blood, REA = 0.97 GLC + 0.05 (r = 0.994), REA = 0.99 aca + 0.06 (r =
      0.996); and for urine, REA = 1.01 GLC -0.03 (r = 0.998). We also discuss the
      clinical and forensic use of the REA method for ethanol.

PMID- 6386231
TI  - Particle-enhanced turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay for theophylline evaluated
      with the Du Pont aca.
AB  - We evaluated the Du Pont Particle-Enhanced Turbidimetric Inhibition Immunoassay
      (PETINIA) for theophylline. The imprecision (CV) of the assay was less than 4.7%
      between-run and less than 3.6% within-run for theophylline concentrations between
      5 and 30 mg/L. Standard curves for the assay were linear for theophylline
      concentrations from 0 to 46 mg/L and were stable throughout the study (i.e., for
      at least three months). The monoclonal antibody against theophylline used in this
      assay increases specificity; of the possibly interfering drugs, metabolites, and
      anticoagulants tested, only 1,3-dimethyluric acid and EDTA showed measurable
      effects. Bilirubin (less than 300 mg/L), hemoglobin (less than 6 g/L), or lipemia
      (triglycerides less than 6 g/L) does affect the quality of the assay. Analytical
      recovery of theophylline added to serum (5 to 40 mg/L) averaged 98% (range 93% to
      112%). Comparison of results for patients' sera by the PETINIA method with those
      by enzyme immunoassay (EMIT) and by "high-performance" liquid chromatography
      yielded slopes and intercepts not significantly different from 1.0 and 0.0,
      respectively, and correlation coefficients ranging from 0.986 to 0.995.

PMID- 6386232
TI  - N-terminal procollagen peptide and beta 2-microglobulin in synovial fluids from
      inflammatory and non-inflammatory joint diseases.
AB  - The concentrations of NH2-terminal procollagen peptide were determined
      radioimmunologically in synovial fluids from inflammatory and non-inflammatory
      joint diseases. The mean concentrations +/- SD were 1.39 +/- 0.77 and 1.13 +/-
      0.63 mg/l and, hence, did not reveal significant differences. Compared with
      serum, peptide levels in synovial fluids are 10(3) times higher. No statistical
      correlation was found between procollagen peptide levels and the concentrations
      of beta 2-microglobulin, a suggested parameter of disease activity, and other
      established indicators (total protein, total and differential cell count) of
      inflammatory activity.

PMID- 6386233
TI  - Isolation and purification of human serum beta 2-microglobulin from the
      hemodialysis ultrafiltrate of patients with chronic renal failure.

PMID- 6386234
TI  - Is glue ear a modern phenomenon? A historical review of the medical literature.
AB  - There are many anecdotal reports of the recent increase in the incidence of
      surgery for glue ear, a phenomenon that the medical literature has considered to
      be a reflection of both an increased prevalence of the underlying condition and
      its increased detection. However, there has been no attempt to assess these
      considerations by means of an historical study. This reveals that, contrary to
      contemporary belief, the condition for which surgery is carried out has been
      recognized as a commonly occurring problem from at least the early 19th century.
      This suggests that changes in the surgical rate are more likely to reflect an
      'apparent' rather than a 'real' increase in the underlying morbidity rate.

PMID- 6386235
TI  - Electrolyte disorders in the elderly.
AB  - Normal human ageing impairs homeostatic mechanisms in such a way as to exaggerate
      and prolong the effects of stress. Thus, an event--pathological or traumatic-
      which produces a trivial change in plasma electrolytes of young people may
      produce major oscillations of plasma levels in the elderly, which take much
      longer to return to 'normal levels'. This is especially apparent with
      perturbations in the plasma levels of sodium and potassium, mainly due to changes
      in renal function and neurohumeral mechanisms which occur with increasing age.
      Paradoxically this does not mean that the clinician should be over-enthusiastic
      in attempting to correct electrolyte imbalance because, for the same reasons, the
      danger of over-treatment producing the opposite and equally dangerous electrolyte
      imbalance is ever-present. Indeed, in clinical practice most electrolyte
      disturbances in old age are iatrogenic in origin. Cautious patience and vigilance
      should be the clinical approach with elderly patients. A high index of suspicion
      should lead to a careful appraisal of the drug (diuretic, intravenous fluid) and
      environmental (dehydration) aetiology of most electrolyte disturbances in old
      age.

PMID- 6386236
TI  - Regulation of pancreatic secretion.

PMID- 6386237
TI  - Assessment of exocrine pancreatic function by duodenal intubation.

PMID- 6386238
TI  - Indirect pancreatic function tests: chemical and radioisotope methods.

PMID- 6386239
TI  - Pancreatic ultrasonography.

PMID- 6386240
TI  - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and endoscopic therapy in
      pancreatic disease.

PMID- 6386241
TI  - Acute pancreatitis: pathogenesis, outcome and treatment.
AB  - The aetiological associations and proposed pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis
      have been reviewed. Although 80 per cent of patients have underlying alcohol
      abuse or gallstones, the precise mechanism of induction and of progression of
      pancreatic injury remains uncertain. Our current approach to management is
      summarized in Table 8. At present, no measure designed to limit the severity of
      pancreatitis or to interrupt the genesis of complications has been of proven
      benefit. Treatment is therefore primarily supportive. Peritoneal lavage by
      catheters introduced under local anaesthesia appears to be a valuable adjunct to
      the treatment of the early cardiovascular and respiratory complications of severe
      pancreatitis and we continue to recommend this measure. The major unsolved
      problem in treatment of this disease is the prevention and treatment of infected
      peripancreatic abscesses.

PMID- 6386242
TI  - Definitions of acute and chronic pancreatitis.

PMID- 6386244
TI  - Epidemiology and physiopathology of chronic pancreatitis and the role of the
      pancreatic stone protein.

PMID- 6386243
TI  - Chronic pancreatitis: pathogenesis, natural history and conservative treatment.
AB  - Chronic pancreatitis is a serious disease with high morbidity and high mortality.
      It mostly affects young adults and specifically people with long-term alcohol
      intake. The diagnosis must be suspected in patients with abdominal pain of
      unknown origin and in patients with diarrhoea and/or weight loss, particularly if
      they regularly use alcohol or present with a mild diabetes developed after the
      age of 30 years. Fundamental problems, such as the aetio-pathogenesis and the
      mechanism for the abdominal pain, are still unanswered. Contradictory
      observations concerning the natural history have been reported and further
      studies are needed to characterize the long-term course of symptoms and
      complications. The long-term management of patients requires careful attention to
      medical abuse and to complications (pseudocysts, duodenal ulcer, overt diabetes,
      and exocrine insufficiency). The high risk for malignant diseases also has to be
      taken into consideration.

PMID- 6386245
TI  - Special problems of tropical pancreatitis.

PMID- 6386247
TI  - 13-cis-retinoic acid for dyskeratinizing diseases--clinicopathological responses.

PMID- 6386248
TI  - Non-invasive quantification of psoriasis plaques--measurement of skin thickness
      with 15 mHz pulsed ultrasound.

PMID- 6386246
TI  - Reticulate pigmentary disorders--a review.

PMID- 6386249
TI  - Experimental myocarditis induced in Swiss mice by homologous heart immunization
      resembles chronic experimental Chagas' heart disease.
AB  - The Swiss mouse is considered a satisfactory model for experimental chronic
      chagasic myocarditis and there is some evidence of an immunopathologic mechanism
      in the development of this disease. To further support this conjecture, 45-day
      old albino Swiss mice (40 animals) were immunized with homologous heart in
      complete Freund's adjuvant. As controls, 20 animals were likewise inoculated with
      allogeneic testis, as "non-related" antigen. Three mice from the former group
      died suddenly at 19-21 days postinoculation while the survivors were sacrificed
      at 60 days for serum samples, and histologic analysis of the heart and skeletal
      muscle. Electrocardiographic records were taken at Days 0, 30, and 60
      postinoculation. Of myocardium-inoculated animals and testis-inoculated mice
      33/37 (89%) and 1/20 (5%), respectively, exhibited myocarditis (P less than
      0.001). Histologic lesions were highly reminiscent of those observed in chronic
      experimental Chagas' disease of Swiss mice. Antimuscle antibodies were seen, by
      indirect immunofluorescence employing cryostat sections, in 30/33 (91%) of the
      former group and in 3/20 (15%) of the latter (P less than 0.001), some of which
      recognized a surface antigen of primary cultured fetal rat myocardiocytes. Mice
      inoculated with myocardium also exhibited electrocardiographic abnormalities
      consisting in QRS interval widening. Results show that following an autoimmune
      experimental design the main features of chronic chagasic myocarditis may be
      reproduced in the Swiss mouse. This agrees with the likely role of an
      immunopathologic mechanism in heart damage due to Trypanosoma cruzi infection.

PMID- 6386250
TI  - A purified polysaccharide isolated from Candida albicans induces antibody
      response in vitro by human peripheral blood lymphocytes and discriminates between
      sera from normal and Candida albicans-infected individuals.
AB  - A purified polysaccharide extracted from Candida albicans (MPPS), stimulates in
      vitro synthesis of specific antibodies by human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
      These antibodies can be detected by a sensitive enzyme-linked immunoassay. The
      same assay can be applied to the quantitation of anti-candida antibodies in
      serum. Statistically significant differences were found between sera of normal
      and candida-infected individuals.

PMID- 6386251
TI  - Oxalosis in infancy.
AB  - Two cases of oxalosis in infancy are reported, the diagnosis and therapy are
      discussed and the world literature reviewed. Oxalosis in infancy is a rare
      condition, probably most frequently caused by a fulminant form of the autosomal
      recessive type I primary hyperoxaluria. It presents symptoms of renal failure in
      early infancy. This is progressive and usually causes death within three months
      after the onset of symptoms. The diagnosis can be suspected after simple
      procedures (abdominal roentgenogram, urinary tract ultrasonography) and confirmed
      by urine/plasma analysis and kidney biopsy/bone marrow aspiration. An exact
      diagnosis is important since it has consequences concerning genetic counseling
      and treatment. Dialysis and transplantation may be useful in secondary oxalosis,
      but until now they are hard to justify in infantile primary oxalosis. In primary
      hyperoxaluria (type I), pyridoxine therapy gives hopeful results before the onset
      of oxalosis, but unsatisfactory results after the onset of oxalosis.

PMID- 6386252
TI  - Testicular function after renal transplantation: comparison of Cyclosporin A with
      azathioprine and prednisone combination regimes.
AB  - Testicular function was assessed in 24 men after renal transplantation who were
      on either Cyclosporin A (CSA) (8 men) or a combination of azathioprine and
      prednisone (AZP) (16 men) as immunosuppressive therapy. The different regimes
      were not associated with any differences in clinical or hormonal (LH, FSH,
      prolactin, testosterone, estradiol) indices of testicular function although
      adrenal androgen (dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate) was suppressed in prednisone
      treated men. Overall, however, poor graft function was associated with abnormal
      testicular function. Renal allograft function rather than immunosuppressive
      regime was the major determinant of gonadal function.

PMID- 6386254
TI  - Other antibiotics.
AB  - This is a survey of the pharmacokinetics and mechanisms of action, orthopedic
      use, antimicrobial activity, and adverse reactions to erythromycin, lincomycin
      and clindamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, polymyxins, vancomycin, and
      fosfomycin. Although these antibiotics are rarely preferred to more active drugs
      such as the beta-lactams or aminoglycosides in orthopedic sepsis, they are
      nevertheless highly beneficial and in some situations can be the first-choice
      drug.

PMID- 6386253
TI  - Dihydroquinidine versus disopyramide: efficacy in patients with chronic stable
      ventricular ectopy.
AB  - Dihydroquinidine (DQ) is contained in substantial amounts in quinidine salts, but
      its direct antiarrhythmic action has not been studied. The efficacy of oral DQ
      (300 mg t. i. d.) compared to disopyramide (D) (200 mg t.i.d.) was thus
      investigated using a double-blind crossover placebo-controlled protocol in 12
      patients, aged 13 to 67 years, with chronic stable high frequency premature
      ventricular beats (PVB), defined as greater than 100 PVB/h during 48-72-h control
      Holter monitoring. The protocol included three 72-h treatment periods: DQ, D, and
      placebo at random. On days 2 and 3 of each period a 24-h Holter recording was
      carried out; drug blood levels were determined at peak (days 2 and 3) and trough
      time (day 3). No significant difference in the mean PVB/h was found between
      control (735 +/- 400) and placebo periods (564 +/- 388), or between the two
      Holter recordings of each period. Compared to placebo both DQ (106 +/- 113, p
      less than 0.005) and D (240 +/- 263, p less than 0.05) reduced the mean PVB/h,
      but the decrease was significantly higher with DQ (78 versus 53%, p less than
      0.02). Nine patients (75%) on DQ and 5 (42%) on D had a greater than 70% decrease
      in mean PVB/h; complex PVBs were abolished in 3 of 6 patients on both treatments.
      On day 3, DQ plasma levels were 1.31 +/- 0.44 (peak) and 0.92 +/- 0.45 (trough)
      mg/l; D plasma levels were 2.88 +/- 0.64 (peak) and 2.02 +/- 0.31 (trough) mg/l;
      no significant difference was found between day 2 and day 3 samples.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6386255
TI  - Arthroscopic meniscal repair. Surgical technique.
AB  - Instruments have been devised for repair of the semilunar cartilage without any
      incision by operative arthroscopy. The instruments include a meniscus repair
      needle and specially designed small-diameter cannulae of various degrees of
      curvature. A bolster system for external suture fixation is also employed.
      Indications for surgery, basic principles of the surgical technique, and
      postoperative immobilization and rehabilitation regimens are the same as those
      for open repair. The early results with this technique are excellent and most
      encouraging. By introducing a practical method for arthroscopically repairing
      meniscal tears, fewer menisci will be excised, even if only partially. The
      procedure is no more time-consuming than open repair techniques.

PMID- 6386256
TI  - Metacarpal reconstruction with free autogenous cartilage and bone following tumor
      resection. A case report.
AB  - A 26-year-old woman with a giant cell tumor of the metacarpal bone of the index
      finger was treated by en bloc resection and metacarpal reconstruction. A free
      autogenous iliac crest bone graft was used to reconstruct the metacarpal and a
      free autogenous costal cartilage graft was used to resurface the
      metacarpophalangeal joint. The bone graft was transfixed with a plate. The
      patient developed 12 degrees-62 degrees motion at the metacarpophalangeal joint
      and has maintained a stable joint space for 30 months. Viable hyaline cartilage
      was present when a biopsy procedure was performed on the joint at five months.
      The bone graft rapidly incorporated. There has been no evidence of tumor
      recurrence.

PMID- 6386257
TI  - Transscaphoid perilunate fracture-dislocation. Result of open reduction and pin
      fixation.
AB  - Sixteen patients with 17 transscaphoid perilunate fracture-dislocations were
      treated by open reduction and pin fixation. Open reduction was performed through
      a volar approach in only one wrist, a dorsal approach in nine wrists, and
      combined volar and dorsal approaches in seven wrists. Primary bone grafting was
      performed in four patients. The follow-up period was from five months to eleven
      years and two months, with an average of 2.69 years. Seven patients had median
      nerve injury and all recovered. Of the 17 wrists, the scaphoid fracture healed in
      15. This injury should be treated by early open reduction through a dorsal
      incision and pinning of the scaphoid fragments in an anatomic position. Avascular
      necrosis of the proximal fragment is not an indication for further surgery as
      long as the fracture is well reduced with evidence of healing. This replacement
      of necrotic bone by new bone requires several years. Primary bone grafting is
      unnecessary.

PMID- 6386258
TI  - The mechanisms of action for beta-lactam antibiotics and inhibitors of bacterial
      protein synthesis.
AB  - The replication of bacteria, when unchecked, may lead to morbidity or mortality
      in a susceptible host. The majority of antimicrobial agents either modify or
      inhibit the synthesis of key substances and are reflected by morphologic, if not
      lethal, changes. Activity occurs during synthesis of the bacterial cell wall and
      synthesis of bacterial protein. These two events are described in terms of the
      local mechanism of action of different classes of antibiotics. The role of
      antibacterial agents in the replication of bacteria should be clearly understood
      before antibiotic therapy is administered.

PMID- 6386259
TI  - Healing of fractures with freeze-dried cortical bone plates. Comparison with
      compression plating.
AB  - The healing of fractures of the radius with internal fixation by stainless-steel
      compression plates was compared with fractures fixed with freeze-dried bone-plate
      allografts. Fractures fixed with metallic plates gained slightly less than half
      the biomechanical strength of the contralateral control bone and healed without
      noticeable external callus formation. Bone-plated fractures regained three
      fourths of the biomechanical strength of controls and healed by forming an
      external callus. Bone-plate allografts were eventually incorporated in the host
      bone. Allograft plates were vascularized and remodeled into cancellous bone in
      the process of incorporation in the host bones.

PMID- 6386260
TI  - The classic. Penicillin: its practical application in orthopaedic surgery and
      fractures. By V. H. Ellis. 1946.

PMID- 6386261
TI  - Cephalosporin antibiotics as applied in surgery of bones and joints.
AB  - New cephalosporin antibiotics will continue to be discovered as old forms are
      found to lose effectiveness. Cephalosporins currently account for a major part of
      any hospital pharmacy budget. They are often used inappropriately in treatment of
      both community and hospital infections. Cephalosporins should be used when
      penicillins are not effective and for particular infections. A major use of
      cephalosporins is in prophylaxis; cephalosporin antibiotics will not prevent
      infections caused by organisms that are resistant to these compounds. Infections
      caused by Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
      which are resistant to even third-generation cephalosporins and the monobactams
      and thienamycins, have been encountered. Wound infections with a deficient blood
      supply provide situations in which such organisms will grow. It is hoped that
      proper application of each generation of cephalosporins combined with careful
      surgical procedures will prevent rapid development of resistance and make it
      possible to have these drugs as a useful part of our armamentarium for more than
      just a few years.

PMID- 6386262
TI  - The aminoglycosides.
AB  - Aminoglycoside antibiotics continue to be indispensable in the management of
      complex aerobic gram-negative infections. In the United States approximately
      4,000,000 patients receive this antibiotic class each year. Although the clinical
      efficacy of aminoglycosides is unsurpassed, these antibiotics nonetheless have an
      inherent tendency to produce undesirable side effects. In particular,
      nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity continue to be the toxicologic side effects that
      merit special concern in patient management. If careful attention is paid to the
      dose of an aminoglycoside, the duration of its use, and other clinical issues,
      such as the state of hydration of the patient, toxic side effects can be reduced
      to the minimum. Aminoglycosides are chemically and microbiologically ideally
      suited for inclusion in polymethylmethacrylate bone cements as a delivery system
      for prevention or treatment of orthopedic surgical infections.

PMID- 6386263
TI  - The use of preventive antibiotics in orthopaedic surgery.
AB  - The use of preventive antibiotic therapy in patients with femoral neck fractures
      and those treated by prosthetic joint arthroplasty is an accepted practice, yet
      it remains controversial in other clean orthopedic surgical procedures. The
      devastating consequences of prosthetic joint infection are the major rationale
      for antibiotic prophylaxis. Recent data indicate that some of the unfavorable
      effects of antibiotic prophylaxis, such as the expense and drug-related side
      effects, can be limited by restricting the duration of antibiotic use. The
      critical importance of instituting antibiotic therapy immediately prior to
      surgery is emphasized. The authors currently favor, for most clean, elective
      orthopedic surgeries, two grams of cefazolin administered intravenously
      immediately prior to surgery and one gram every eight hours for 24 hours after
      surgery. This view is reinforced by comparing the incidence of infection in 1341
      total joint arthroplasties (0.6% infection rate) receiving three days of
      antibiotic prophylaxis and 450 cases (0.6% infection rate) receiving one day of
      antibiotic prophylaxis. Patients with prosthetic joints should be instructed
      regarding the possibility of late infections and encouraged to take antibiotic
      prophylaxis for various surgical procedures. Patients are further urged to notify
      their orthopedist in the event that any significant infectious process is
      present.

PMID- 6386264
TI  - Antibiotic-loaded acrylic cement: current concepts.
AB  - Antibiotic-loaded acrylic cement has been used routinely since 1972 at the
      authors' hospitals, where a series of some 22,000 joint arthroplasty operations
      was performed from 1964-1983. The current status of the material is presented
      with up-to-date follow-up statistics on prophylactic therapy and on established
      deep infections. The results of 869 exchange arthroplasties are compared with
      results published in 1981. In the future, results will be presented in the form
      of survival curves. The method by which survival tables and curves are
      constructed is critical. Investigators should use survival curves for ease of
      comparison and because of the wide range of possibilities in an analysis of
      covariable factors. A retrospective actuarial analysis was made of 825 one-stage
      reimplantations in which antibiotic-loaded acrylic cement was used for infected
      total hip arthroplasties. Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly encountered
      organism. Failure rates of prostheses infected by S. aureus, S. species, and
      anaerobic corynebacteria did not differ statistically. A factor that
      significantly contributed to failure of this method of treatment was Pseudomonas
      infection. By actuarial analysis five years after operation, a success (survival)
      rate of 77% was calculated.

PMID- 6386265
TI  - Liver metastasis from embryonal carcinoma of the ovary with complete situs
      inversus. First reported case and review of literature.
AB  - Embryonal carcinoma of the ovary in a 17-year-old Saudi girl with complete situs
      inversus is reported. According to reports since 1936, this is the sixteenth case
      of cancer associated with complete situs inversus, the second ovarian cancer, the
      first embryonal carcinoma of the ovary, and the youngest cancer case to be
      reported in association with this congenital anomaly.

PMID- 6386266
TI  - Lung perfusion scanning. The case of "reverse mismatch".
AB  - A case of paradoxic hyperperfusion or "reverse mismatch" is described in a
      patient with lobar collapse while on positive pressure mechanical ventilation.
      The physiology of this finding is explained.

PMID- 6386267
TI  - Acute abdomen due to mittelschmerz. The role of ultrasonography.

PMID- 6386268
TI  - The structural basis of PPHN.
AB  - Discussed in this article are the three main anatomic types of persistent
      pulmonary hypertension of the newborn; (1) maladaptation of the pulmonary
      vascular bed; (2) excessive muscularization of the pulmonary vascular bed; and
      (3) underdevelopment of the pulmonary vascular bed.

PMID- 6386269
TI  - Control of pulmonary vascular resistance in the fetus and newborn.
AB  - This article describes the anatomy and physiology of the fetal, transitional, and
      neonatal circulations and then reviews our current state of knowledge about the
      many factors that work in concert to govern pulmonary vascular resistance.

PMID- 6386271
TI  - Oxygen toxicity and other ventilatory complications of treatment of infants with
      persistent pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - While current ventilator therapy has greatly improved the outlook for infants
      with persistent pulmonary hypertension, it brings with it substantial risk for
      serious lung injury from oxygen toxicity, barotrauma, and alveolar rupture. This
      article discusses the mechanisms by which these complications occur and methods
      by which they can be prevented.

PMID- 6386270
TI  - Prostaglandins, related compounds, and the perinatal pulmonary circulation.
AB  - It is clear that prostaglandins and related compounds are important in the
      physiology and pathophysiology of the perinatal pulmonary circulation. This
      article focuses on what is known about prostaglandin-related compounds (PRC) in
      the pulmonary circulation of the developing and newly born mammal. Also included
      is a discussion of the effects of PRC on the ductus arteriosus and on the
      systemic circulation.

PMID- 6386272
TI  - Nursing care of the infant with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.
AB  - Nursing care for PPHN can make the difference between a smoothly controlled
      hospital course and a disorganized and stressful one. The authors outline a
      method for coordinating the baby's care, the lines and monitors, ancillary
      services, and pharmacologic treatment while working closely with the physician
      and caring for the parents.

PMID- 6386273
TI  - Pharmacology of tolazoline.
AB  - Tolazoline's complex pharmacologic effects likely represent the algebraic sum of
      primary, secondary, and possibly tertiary interactions with histamine and
      adrenergic receptors. Oxygenation improves initially in the majority of neonates
      with PPHN treated with tolazoline. Preliminary studies of tolazoline
      pharmacokinetics in the newborn indicate current doses are excessive and lead to
      accumulation, which may contribute to adverse effects, including cardiotoxicity.

PMID- 6386274
TI  - Future research directions in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.
AB  - Therapy of infants with PPHN is largely supportive because the etiology and the
      course of the disease are variable. The authors show that continued research on
      the regulation of perinatal circulation and the changes that occur with
      ventilation will lead to more specific therapy of infants with PPHN.

PMID- 6386275
TI  - Effects of clonidine and guanfacine in essential hypertension.
AB  - Daily doses of 0.3 mg clonidine and 3 mg guanfacine were equiactive in decreasing
      blood pressure and heart rate in 17 subjects with essential hypertension.
      Clonidine decreased cardiac output and guanfacine decreased total peripheral
      resistance, while clonidine had no effect on stroke volume but guanfacine
      increased it. Both clonidine and guanfacine decreased plasma renin activity.
      Naloxone, 0.4 mg iv, reversed the antihypertensive effect of clonidine but was
      ineffective even at higher doses (1.6 mg iv) when subjects were treated with
      placebo or guanfacine. It is suggested that the hemodynamic differences between
      the two centrally acting alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist antihypertensive drugs may
      at least in part result from the involvement of opioid mechanisms only in the
      action of clonidine.

PMID- 6386276
TI  - Mesulergine, a new dopamine agonist: effects on anterior pituitary function and
      kinetics.
AB  - We investigated the effects of single doses of mesulergine on basal and
      thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-stimulated serum levels of several anterior
      pituitary hormones in healthy men and defined its kinetics. We also compared the
      effects on serum prolactin (PRL) levels of three doses (0.1, 0.35, and 0.5 mg) of
      mesulergine to those in response to 2.5 mg bromocriptine. Secretory rates of PRL
      before the first dose of TRH were not affected by any dose of mesulergine or
      bromocriptine. TRH-stimulated PRL secretion was not altered by 0.1 mg mesulergine
      but was blunted by both the 0.35- and 0.5-mg doses at 10 A.M. and 1 P.M.
      Bromocriptine inhibited TRH-stimulated PRL secretion at 10 A.M. and 8 P.M. When
      analyzed as the 8 A.M. to 8 P.M. and the 8 P.M. to 9 A.M. (day 2) intervals, PRL
      secretion was not changed by 0.1 or 0.35 mg mesulergine but was suppressed during
      both periods by the 0.5-mg dose. A dose-response relationship was evident,
      however, between mesulergine and PRL secretion during both the 8 A.M. to 8 P.M.
      (R2 = 0.27) and the 8 P.M. to 9 A.M. (day 2; R2 = 0.18) intervals. Bromocriptine
      lowered PRL secretion during both intervals. Secretory rates of growth hormone
      during these intervals were not affected by 0.1 mg or 0.35 mg mesulergine but
      were increased during both intervals by the 0.5-mg dose. Neither the secretory
      rates of thyrotropin in response to TRH nor those of cortisol, luteinizing
      hormone, or follicle-stimulating hormone were changed by 0.1 or 0.35 mg
      mesulergine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6386277
TI  - Plasma and tissue fibronectin in diabetes.
AB  - Plasma fibronectin was determined by laser immunonephelometry in controls (90
      women, 66 men) and 167 diabetic patients between 10 and 60 years of age, 72
      insulin-dependent males, 45 insulin-dependent females, 29 noninsulin-dependent
      males and 21 non-insulin-dependent females. The distribution and intensity of
      immunofluorescent tissue fibronectin were also studied in the patients using skin
      biopsies. The diabetic patients had a significantly lower plasma fibronectin
      level than the controls of the same age-groups and did not exhibit the strong age
      dependent increase found for controls. This was true for both females and males,
      and especially pronounced for the insulin-dependent male patients below 45 years.
      The duration (less or more than 10 years), and control of diabetes (judged by the
      glycosylated hemoglobin A1C levels, presence or absence of retinopathy), had a
      lesser influence on plasma fibronectin levels, although the duration of the
      disease tended to increase plasma fibronectin levels. Tissue fibronectin appeared
      to increase as estimated by the intensity and distribution of immunofluorescence
      in the papillary dermis, and in vascular and dermo-epidermal basement membranes,
      suggesting an inverse variation of tissue and plasma fibronectin in diabetes.

PMID- 6386278
TI  - Increased hepatic microsomal T3 production in vitro induced by insulin
      administration in rats in vivo.
AB  - Rats were treated with insulin infusion over 12 h with or without addition of
      cycloheximide and compared with controls. T4 to T3 deiodination in microsomal
      liver fraction was measured. Insulin treatment led to an increase in T3
      production, whereas this effect was blunted by the inhibition of protein
      synthesis by cycloheximide. Neither serum concentrations of T4 nor the liver
      content of non-protein-bound sulph-hydryl groups explained the alterations in T3
      production. It is strongly suggested that insulin directly acts on T4-5'
      monodeiodination by stimulating de novo synthesis of protein.

PMID- 6386279
TI  - Plasma lipid transport.
AB  - The main plasma lipid transport forms are free fatty acid, triglyceride and
      cholesteryl ester. Free fatty acid, derived primarily from adipocyte
      triglycerides, is transported as a physical complex with plasma albumin.
      Triglycerides and cholesteryl esters are transported in the core of plasma
      lipoproteins. The intestine secretes dietary fat in chylomicrons, lipoproteins
      that transport triglyceride to tissues for storage. Dietary cholesterol is
      transported to the liver by chylomicron remnants which are formed from
      chylomicrons. Triglyceride is released from the liver in very low density
      lipoproteins for utilization and storage in extrahepatic tissues. Very low
      density lipoproteins are converted to low density lipoproteins in the plasma; in
      the process, they become enriched in cholesteryl esters. High density
      lipoproteins take up cholesterol from tissues and other plasma lipoproteins.
      After the cholesterol is esterified, it is transferred ultimately to low density
      lipoproteins for uptake by the tissues. Phospholipids are structural components
      of lipoproteins and provide fatty acid for cholesteryl ester formation in the
      plasma, but they are not a primary transport form of lipid. Six enzymes, together
      with apolipoprotein cofactors and lipid transfer proteins, facilitate the plasma
      lipid transport process.

PMID- 6386280
TI  - Prostaglandins: effects on the gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - Several prostaglandins have been shown to exert five major gastrointestinal
      actions. Inhibition of gastric acid secretion, orally and parenterally. Antiulcer
      activity (they prevent gastric and duodenal ulcers produced experimentally in
      animals, and they accelerate the rate of healing of duodenal ulcers in humans).
      Cytoprotection for the stomach, the small and the large intestine. Cytoprotection
      is defined as the property of many prostaglandins to protect the mucosa of the
      stomach and intestine from becoming inflamed and necrotic when this mucosa is
      exposed to noxious agents. Cytoprotection is separate from, and unrelated to,
      inhibition of gastric secretion. In humans, certain prostaglandins of the E type
      given at very low doses prevent gastric bleeding produced by aspirin and
      indomethacin. Stimulation of intestinal secretion, through increase of cyclic AMP
      formation. Stimulation of smooth muscle contraction. Certain prostaglandins are
      likely to be beneficial in the treatment of gastric ulcers, stress ulcers,
      duodenal ulcers, and perhaps gastritis and certain forms of inflammatory bowel
      disease.

PMID- 6386281
TI  - Focal fatty liver change by sonography.
AB  - Focal fatty liver change (FFLC) is a poorly characterized entity whose ultrasound
      pattern has not yet been properly defined. From our experience based on 12 cases
      and from the few cases reported in the literature, the following conclusions can
      be made: (1) FFLC can be of increased and decreased echogenicity with map-like or
      clearcut margins; (2) rounded lesions with defined margins are indistinguishable
      from other focal pathology; according to the case, fine needle biopsy,
      arteriography, computed tomography or nuclear scan should be used; (3) FFLC can
      change in size or disappear in a short span of time, and (4) a hypoechogenic area
      with map-like margins in the quadrate lobe (even if it turns out to be a false
      focal defect in that it corresponds to residual normal liver tissue) of a patient
      with abnormal values for gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and serum glutamic
      oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) is reasonably indicative of FFLC.

PMID- 6386282
TI  - Autoimmunity in liver disease.

PMID- 6386283
TI  - New kinetic data of cefsulodin and ceftazidime.

PMID- 6386285
TI  - Selective thrombocytopenia and neutropenia occurring after bone marrow
      transplantation--evidence of an auto-immune basis.
AB  - This study shows that hitherto unexplained thrombocytopenia and neutropenia
      occurring after bone marrow allografting and autografting may have an immune
      basis. In the case of autografts, such antibodies are, by definition, auto
      antibodies, and it is suggested that similar antibodies occurring after
      allografting are also auto-immune.

PMID- 6386284
TI  - Current perspectives on combination oral contraceptives.
AB  - The physiology, mechanism of action, therapeutic use and effectiveness, potential
      risks, and noncontraceptive benefits of combination oral contraceptives (COCs)
      are reviewed with a discussion of patient considerations and management
      guidelines for common side effects. Modifications of the earlier COCs have both a
      lower estrogen and progestogen content. The contraceptive effects of estrogenic
      agents are related to modifications in ovulation, ovum transport, and
      implantation. The progestational agents act mainly by inhibiting ovulation and
      creating a hostile uterine environment. Biphasic and triphasic COCs are designed
      to deliver the hormones, throughout the menstrual cycle, in varying amounts that
      are similar to the natural physiologic quantities. The COC is the most effective
      method of birth control available with the exception of sterilization. If the low
      dose COCs are taken at approximately the same time each day, they are as
      effective as 50-micrograms of estrogen in preventing pregnancy with a theoretical
      failure rate of less than 0.5 per 100 women-years. Three long-term cohort studies
      of the risks associated with COC use are described. Although the primary focus of
      early research was on the adverse effects of COCs related to estrogen content,
      recent studies indicate that there are some noncontraceptive benefits associated
      with the use of the low-dose COCs. In addition, the effects of progestogen
      content have been more closely examined in association with cardiovascular
      disease and metabolic effects. Guidelines for managing breakthrough bleeding and
      spotting, absence of withdrawal bleeding, nausea and vomiting, weight change,
      depression, and headaches are presented. Recommendations to give to women who are
      starting to take COCs for the first time are outlined. Low-dose COCs given at the
      appropriate dose can provide relatively safe and very effective contraception for
      many women.

PMID- 6386286
TI  - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: treatment with nafazatrom.

PMID- 6386287
TI  - The myelodysplastic syndromes.

PMID- 6386288
TI  - Venous thromboembolism. Prevalence, risk factors, and prevention.
AB  - Venous thromboembolism is a major source of morbidity in hospitalized patients. A
      knowledge of the factors that increase the risk of development of this condition
      can be utilized to plan appropriate and cost-effective preventive management.

PMID- 6386289
TI  - Clinical and hemodynamic correlates in pulmonary embolism.
AB  - The clinical presentation of pulmonary embolism may be dominated by
      manifestations of pulmonary infarction or by the signs and symptoms of an acute
      hemodynamic disturbance. Most often, some manifestation is present along with
      hemodynamic abnormalities, which may range from shock or cardiac arrest to
      tachycardia.

PMID- 6386290
TI  - Pulmonary scintigraphy and the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. A perspective.
AB  - The authors attempt to demonstrate those circumstances for which perfusion
      scintigraphy, by itself, or in combination with ventilation scintiscanning,
      offers the best adjunctive information in excluding or confirming the presence of
      pulmonary embolism. They then identify those circumstances in which
      scintiscanning does not or cannot contribute significantly to the medical
      decision-making process. In these cases, the use of pulmonary angiography or
      possibly peripheral venography is not only recommended but, if warranted
      clinically, is absolutely necessary.

PMID- 6386291
TI  - Pulmonary angiography.
AB  - Pulmonary angiography is generally accepted as the standard for diagnosis of
      pulmonary embolism. Yet this procedure has failed to gain widespread appeal or
      application. This article will review the extensive literature on pulmonary
      angiography that has appeared since the first major article was published in
      1963.

PMID- 6386292
TI  - Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolism.
AB  - This article reviews the actions of various antithrombotic agents that are useful
      for the treatment of established venous thromboembolic disease. Heparin and
      coumarin are detailed.

PMID- 6386293
TI  - Treatment of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis with thrombolytic
      therapy.
AB  - Pulmonary embolism remains one of the most common causes of in-hospital death.
      Mortality is much greater in those patients who remain undiagnosed and without
      specific treatment. Thrombolytic therapy is a vital addition to the treatment of
      pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, and arterial thromboembolism.

PMID- 6386294
TI  - Vena caval interruption and pulmonary embolectomy.
AB  - Surgery for pulmonary embolism has evolved to include intraluminal methods of
      vena caval filtration for prevention of recurrent pulmonary embolism and
      transvenous extraction of pulmonary emboli. Though the majority of patients who
      initially survive pulmonary embolism can be managed medically with
      anticoagulation, a significant number will require surgical intervention. The
      development of transvenous methods allows effective emergency management of major
      pulmonary embolism, even in hospitals that do not have the capability for
      cardiopulmonary bypass.

PMID- 6386295
TI  - Surgical treatment of chronic unresolved pulmonary embolism.
AB  - This article presents a historical review, as well as a detailed discussion of
      the incidence, current surgical therapy, and prognosis of chronic unresolved
      pulmonary embolism. In patients with pulmonary hypertension resulting from this
      condition, the prognosis is very poor if untreated. In general, medical therapy
      and anticoagulants and other pharmacologic agents have remained ineffective. In
      selected patients, surgical embolectomy has improved pulmonary artery pressures,
      hypoxemia, and functional status as well as overall survival.

PMID- 6386296
TI  - The postphlebitic syndrome. Pathophysiology, prevention and management.
AB  - Chronic deep venous insufficiency of the lower extremity, usually the result of
      antecedent venous thrombosis, represents a problem of considerable magnitude for
      both patient and physician. While the fully developed postphlebitic syndrome is
      immediately recognized by the most inexperienced medical student, the exact
      underlying pathogenetic mechanisms remain controversial, available therapeutic
      options are limited, and the value of surgery is uncertain.

PMID- 6386297
TI  - Vibrio species of medical importance.

PMID- 6386298
TI  - Enzyme immunoassay for the quantitation of human immunoglobulin G specific for
      the glycolipid of Enterobacteriaceae.
AB  - An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) is reported that quantitates human immunoglobulin
      (Ig)G specific for the glycolipid (Re-GL) of Salmonella minnesota Re 595. Re-GL
      was adsorbed to polystyrene microcuvettes, and 100 microliters of appropriately
      diluted lots of human plasma or affinity-purified rabbit anti-Re-Gl IgG was added
      to the cuvettes. The cuvettes were incubated, washed, and then reacted with
      Staphylococcus aureus protein A-peroxidase. After a final wash the substrate 2,2'
      azino-di(3-ethylbenzthiazoline)sulfonic acid (ABTS) was added to yield a blue
      green color with a maximum absorption at 405 nm. Using the affinity-purified
      rabbit anti-Re-IgG as standard, it was possible to quantitate specific levels of
      anti-Re-GL. The EIA was rapid (2 hr), with an absolute sensitivity of 5 ng of
      specific anti-Re-GL IgG and an interassay coefficient of variation of 24%. On a
      unit-mass basis, rabbit anti-Re-GL IgG had 10-fold greater activity than
      comparable affinity-purified human anti-Re-GL IgG from normal donor plasma. When
      a rabbit standard was used, the mean level of specific anti-Re-GL IgG in lots of
      pooled human plasma, which consisted of 18,330 liters, was 1.1 +/- 0.28
      micrograms/ml. Of 237 individual donors tested, 24 (10%) had levels of anti-Re-GL
      IgG that were 10-fold or greater than the mean of 1.1 micrograms/ml. The EIA
      provided a rapid, reproducible method for accurate quantitation of specific anti
      Re-GL IgG in the screening of large volumes of human plasma.

PMID- 6386299
TI  - Bacillary dysentery.

PMID- 6386300
TI  - Diagnosis and management of irritable bowel syndrome.

PMID- 6386301
TI  - Ulcerative colitis.
AB  - Although the forms of treatment discussed are helpful in alleviating symptoms and
      reducing inflammation, none is specific for ulcerative colitis. The cause of the
      disease is unknown at present. When the etiology of ulcerative colitis is
      uncovered, specific therapy will, hopefully, avoid the local systemic
      complications of both the disease and treatment.

PMID- 6386302
TI  - Approaches to the problem of lower gastrointestinal bleeding.

PMID- 6386303
TI  - Gastrointestinal cancer: lessons for the primary care physician.

PMID- 6386304
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis.

PMID- 6386305
TI  - Cardiogenic cerebral embolism.

PMID- 6386306
TI  - Prosthetic needs and demands for services of a group of elderly people in Israel.
AB  - Prosthetic needs and demands for care were investigated in a group of the
      elderly, residing in Romema, Jerusalem, Israel. Of the population aged 60 and
      above residing in the neighborhood, 34% (n = 116) were selected at random. These
      were examined under standardized conditions and prosthetic status and denture
      requirements were recorded. The findings indicate that the prosthetic status was
      poor and the treatment needs extensive. In all, over 83% of the study population
      were edentulous, the majority in both arches. Although 86.3% of the edentulous
      subjects possessed dentures, over 86% of these subjects needed some form of
      prosthetic treatment. About 60% needed new full or partial dentures and over 25%
      had dentures whose fit and retention could be improved by rebasing, relining or
      minor adjustments.

PMID- 6386307
TI  - Comparison of two screening tests for Streptococcus mutans and evaluation of
      their suitability for mass screenings and private practice.
AB  - Two simple microbiological tests for quantitating salivary Streptococcus mutans
      levels were compared with each other and evaluated for suitability for mass
      screenings and private practice. Both tests use mitis salivarius medium with
      bacitracin (MSB) and are selective for S. mutans. One test estimates colonies
      grown on agar (MSBA) and the other estimates colonies grown in broth that adhere
      to glass (MSBB). Both are scored from 1 (lowest) to 5 (highest). Children (293)
      in grades 5 and 6 in Tallahassee, Florida (nonfluoridated) were tested for S.
      mutans levels. Scores of children by both tests were significantly similar (chi
      2, regression and Kappa statistical analysis). Correlation coefficients
      (regression) between scores and DMFS increments of the previous 4 yr were 0.35
      (MSBA) and 0.26 (MSBB). Both tests were very good in identifying children with
      low caries increments, but positive scores did not correlate well with high
      caries increments. Sampling and interpreting took 2 min (MSBA) and 1 min (MSBB).
      Cost of MSBA/child was $1.15, and MSBB/child $1.25. These tests are economical
      and suitable for mass screenings to identify low risk populations who do not
      require preventive treatment.

PMID- 6386308
TI  - On the optimum selection of diagnostic tests in computer-aided differential
      diagnosis.
AB  - A new method with multivariate individual selection of diagnostic tests for
      computer-aided differential diagnosis is presented. It has been developed on the
      basis of new results of our own in the field of mathematical decision theory. Its
      application to the differential diagnosis of four congenital heart diseases by
      means of ECG features proves our method to be superior to the usual multivariate
      statistical analysis. Establishing the individual optimum sequence of diagnostic
      tests for each patient our diagnostic procedure needs only two-thirds of the
      diagnostic tests used by the methods until now without an increase of the error
      rate. The error rate can be further reduced by additional introduction of the so
      called reserved diagnostic statement. The managing of our procedure may be
      compared with the diagnostic behavior of a physician.

PMID- 6386309
TI  - The development of hysteria as a psychiatric concept.

PMID- 6386310
TI  - A fresh look at posts and cores in multirooted teeth.

PMID- 6386311
TI  - The interim partial denture: a prosthesis for today.

PMID- 6386312
TI  - Removable telescopic prosthesis for guarded prognosis dentitions. Part II.

PMID- 6386313
TI  - Colonel Leverett Hubbard's address to the Society at their meeting Feby 2d 1784.

PMID- 6386315
TI  - New Haven, 1784.

PMID- 6386314
TI  - "A matter of great importance to mankind": the origins of the New Haven County
      Medical Association.

PMID- 6386316
TI  - Books and broadsides: what Colonial physicians read.

PMID- 6386317
TI  - Worthington Hooker (1806-1867): physician and educator.

PMID- 6386318
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging. Where did it come from? What is it? Where is it
      going? Part I. History and physical principles.

PMID- 6386319
TI  - Consensus Development Summaries. Diagnostic ultrasound imaging in pregnancy.
      National Institutes of Health.

PMID- 6386320
TI  - The origins of anesthesia: Part III.

PMID- 6386321
TI  - Reflections from the dean's office. What about mortality?

PMID- 6386322
TI  - Clinical course of lupus nephritis.

PMID- 6386323
TI  - Renin-secreting tumour.

PMID- 6386324
TI  - Captopril and renal function.

PMID- 6386326
TI  - Treatment of lupus nephritis.

PMID- 6386325
TI  - Mechanisms of the antihypertensive action of captopril.

PMID- 6386327
TI  - Predictive value of renal biopsy in lupus nephritis.

PMID- 6386328
TI  - Is renal biopsy overused in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus?

PMID- 6386329
TI  - Edema formation in the nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 6386330
TI  - Veterans Administration cooperative study of disulfiram in the treatment of
      alcoholism: study design and methodological considerations.
AB  - Disulfiram treatment of alcoholism has been difficult to evaluate in controlled
      studies because the study design must contend with problems unique to this drug.
      The therapeutic effect may be a result of the patient's fear of the disulfiram
      ethanol reaction rather than a direct pharmacological effect on the craving for
      alcohol. Good outcome may not be directly related to compliance with the drug
      regimen; a patient may remain abstinent even if he does not take his medication.
      The Veterans Administration Cooperative Study "Disulfiram in the Treatment of
      Alcoholism," is a multicenter, randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial
      designed to evaluate the efficacy of disulfiram while addressing these issues.
      Two control groups are used. The members of one control group will not receive
      disulfiram and will be told they are not receiving disulfiram. The members of the
      other control group will be given disulfiram and will be told they are receiving
      disulfiram; however, the dose of their disulfiram will be measured by doing pill
      counts and obtaining urine specimens at each clinic visit and measuring urinary
      diethylamine, a metabolite of disulfiram, and riboflavin (a medication marker).

PMID- 6386331
TI  - Mathematical modeling and simulation of the postural control loop--Part II.
AB  - The engineering analysis and modeling of the neuromuscular system is an exciting
      and challenging area of research where we may learn something about the
      principles of controlling large, complex systems. This review is limited to the
      most peripheral subsystem: the postural control loop. In the first part, we
      reviewed the input-output properties of the motoneuron pool, modeling of the
      motor unit action potential and analysis of the interference electromyographic
      activity. Also included were the engineering techniques to quantitatively study
      electromyographic activity and its relationship to muscle force. The second part
      of this review focuses on the biomechanical models of the muscle based on Hill's
      work as well as the modern sliding filament theory. This section will also
      include models of the proprioceptive receptors: the muscle spindle organ and the
      Golgi tendon organ. In the final paper we will discuss various models and
      simulations of the peripheral loop and their applications to study physiological
      system behavior such as tremor.

PMID- 6386332
TI  - The neonatal oxycardiorespirogram.
AB  - The neonatal oxycardiorespirogram is the simultaneous recording of respiration
      rate, respiration waveform, instantaneous heart rate, transcutaneous oxygen
      tension, and relative skin perfusion or "blood flow" from newborn infants. It is
      important in monitoring the high risk infant to assess the cardiovascular and
      respiratory function of the patient. The techniques for obtaining the various
      signals of the oxycardiorespirogram are reviewed and the usual method for making
      this recording is presented. Several examples of typical oxycardiorespirograms
      are given.

PMID- 6386333
TI  - Differential laboratory diagnosis of hypercalcemia.
AB  - It is proposed that this review will adopt the following format: establishment of
      hypercalcemia. This demands a discussion of the problem of normal ranges, the
      usage of either total calcium or ionized calcium in making this decision and
      where total calcium is used whether adjustment of this value for serum protein
      concentration should be used and if so, the formulae which have been cited to
      perform this. Having established hypercalcemia why is it necessary to
      differentiate this? This will involve reviewing those clinical situations in
      which differentiation of hypercalcemia has been attempted and will include an
      attempt to produce an up to date indication of conditions in which hypercalcemia
      has been described. When hypercalcemia has been established the laboratory tests
      which have been further used to discriminate will be divided into single tests
      such as N- or C- terminal parathormone, 1,25- dihydroxycholecalciferol, cyclic
      AMP; the combination tests which have been used including phosphate clearance,
      chloride vs. bicarbonate etc. proceeding to those groups which have used
      discriminant function to help in the decision making; dynamic testing will also
      be discussed particularly with reference to steroid suppression but will also
      include other known suppressants such as Mithramycin and Calcitonin. A final
      section will be included attempting to assess overall the present state of art in
      differentiating laboratory diagnosis of hypercalcemia and will also attempt to
      highlight those areas which appear to be most fruitful areas of progress in the
      future.

PMID- 6386334
TI  - A computer-assisted monitoring system for arrhythmia detection in a medical
      intensive care unit.
AB  - The arrhythmia detection capability of a computer-assisted monitoring system
      (CAMS) was studied in a large multidisciplinary ICU during an 18-month period.
      Four patient categories were evaluated: critically ill patients on mechanical
      volume respirators (group 1), patients with uncomplicated acute myocardial
      infarction (group 2), pacemaker-dependent patients (group 3), and patients on
      telemetry monitoring (group 4). ECG abnormalities were interpreted by the
      computer algorithm and recorded on paper. The same ECG abnormalities were
      analyzed independently by at least two critical care physicians unaware of the
      computer interpretations. The incidence of false-positive diagnoses (computer
      system errors) ranged from 10 in 1000 beats in groups 1, 2, and 4, to 20 in 1000
      beats in group 3. Movement artifact accounted for 55.3% of all false-positive
      diagnoses. Of the total number of beats interpreted by the computer, 0.8% were
      false negatives and 3.8% were true positives. The most frequent true positive was
      pacemaker malfunction, which was diagnosed with 94% accuracy by the arrhythmia
      detection system. Significantly, rhythm abnormalities occurred as frequently in
      patients ventilated with mechanical respirators as in patients with acute
      myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6386335
TI  - Influence of time, temperature, moisture, ingredients, and processing conditions
      on starch gelatinization.
AB  - Starch gelatinization phenomena is extremely important in many food systems. This
      review focuses on factors affecting gelatinization characteristics of starch.
      Important variables which must be considered in design of processes in which
      starch undergoes gelatinization are heat of gelatinization and temperature of
      gelatinization. Major interactions are reviewed for the effects of lipids,
      moisture content, nonionic constituents and electrolytes on these
      characteristics. Furthermore, treatment of starch-containing systems prior to
      heating into the gelatinization temperature range can have a significant effect
      on ultimate gelatinization characteristics.

PMID- 6386336
TI  - Optimization methods and available software. Part 1.
AB  - Optimization theories and generally applied optimization techniques are reviewed.
      The versatility and the complexity anticipated in actual problems are simplified
      to enable the food practitioners interested in the subject to overcome some of
      the barriers which prevented full utilization of optimization. The paper
      summarizes the various mathematical methods available for solving problems of
      product and process optimization and provides information and advice concerning
      the advantages and limitations of each technique. A compiled list of optimization
      subroutines, guidelines and criteria for choosing the proper software are
      furnished.

PMID- 6386337
TI  - The role of collagen in the quality and processing of fish.
AB  - Collagen in the muscles of fish constitutes the main component of the connective
      tissue membranes joining individual myotomes and is responsible for the integrity
      of the fillets. The content of collagen in fish muscles is from about 0.2 to 1.4%
      and in squid mantel about 2.6%. Fish and invertebrata collagens contain slightly
      more essential amino acids than intramuscular bovine connective tissue collagen.
      The invertebrata collagens are exceptionally rich in sugars linked mainly O
      glycosidically to hydroxylysine residues. During maturation of fish the
      proportion of collagen to total protein in the muscles increases while the extent
      of crosslinking does not change significantly. The thermal properties of fish
      collagens depend significantly on the content of hydroxyproline and proline
      residues which in turn is correlated to the temperature of the habitat. Generally
      the shrinkage temperature of fish skin collagens is about 20 degrees C lower than
      that of mammalian hide collagens. In several species of fish the weakening of the
      connective tissues post mortem may lead to serious quality deterioration that
      manifests itself by disintegration of the fillets, especially under the strain of
      rough handling and of rigor mortis at ambient temperature. Thermal changes in
      collagen are the necessary result of the cooking of fish, squid, and minced fish
      products and contribute to the desirable texture of the meat. However, they may
      lead to serious losses during hot smoking due to a reduction in the breaking
      strength of the tissues when heating is conducted at high relative humidity.
      Because of the high viscosity of gelatinized collagen, it is not possible to
      concentrate the fish stickwaters, a proteinaceous byproduct of the fish meal
      industry, to more than 50% dry matter. Better knowledge of the contents and
      properties of fish collagens could be helpful in rationalizing many aspects of
      fish processing.

PMID- 6386338
TI  - Winged bean in human nutrition.
AB  - Protein calorie malnutrition is prevalent in many developing countries of the
      tropics and subtropics. Improvement of protein supply to meet the demand of a
      growing population necessitates utilization of unconventional protein sources.
      Winged bean, a high protein crop, is one of the important underexploited legumes
      of the tropics. All the plant parts, viz., seeds, immature pods, leaves, flowers
      and tubers are edible. Mature seeds contain 29 to 37% proteins and 15 to 18% oil.
      It has fairly good amounts of phosphorus, iron, and vitamin B. Essential amino
      acid composition of winged bean is very similar to that of soybean. The fatty
      acid composition is very much comparable to groundnut. It contains relatively
      high amounts of behenic acid and parinaric acid. The trypsin inhibitor in winged
      bean has been shown to be heat resistant. Other toxic factors such as
      hemagglutinins and cyanide have also been reported. Winged bean seeds are hard to
      cook. Soaking of seeds in the Rockland's soak solution containing sodium
      bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, and sodium pyrophosphate reduces
      cooking time significantly. The potential uses of this important crop in human
      nutrition and future research needs are discussed.

PMID- 6386339
TI  - Dry beans of Phaseolus: a review. Part 3.
AB  - Beans of Phaseolus are important food crops both economically and nutritionally,
      and are cultivated and consumed world wide. With ever rising costs of meats,
      fresh fruits, and vegetables, dry beans are expected to contribute more to the
      human nutrition in coming years. Traditionally, they have been referred to as
      "poor man's meat" and have contributed significantly to the diets of many people
      of several countries in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and South America. In
      recent years, a renewed interest in bean research in Western European countries
      and the U.S. is evident. In this review, certain biochemical, technological,
      nutritional, and toxicological aspects are discussed and the limitations and
      problems associated with dry beans of Phaseolus as human food are addressed.

PMID- 6386340
TI  - Radiation preservation of foods of plant origin. Part 2. Onions and other bulb
      crops.
AB  - The various factors contributing to post harvest losses in onions and other bulb
      crops are briefly outlined in terms of the current storage methods. The present
      status of research on sprout inhibition by irradiation is reviewed in detail with
      respect to dose requirements, effect of time interval between harvest and
      irradiation, and the influence of environment on sprouting during storage.
      Biochemical mechanisms of sprout inhibition, metabolic and compositional changes
      (particularly sugars, anthocyanins, flavor and lachrymatory principles), and the
      culinary and processing qualities of irradiated onions are discussed. The future
      prospects for the commercial irradiation for sprout inhibition of bulb crops are
      considered.

PMID- 6386341
TI  - Biologic activity of epsilon-caprolactam.
AB  - In general, this literature review indicates that epsilon-caprolactam has a
      relatively low toxicity to humans. This low-degree of toxicity is attributable in
      part to its rapid elimination as demonstrated by experimental studies on animals.
      Human studies are mostly those based on workers in Russian factories. Although
      reporting physicians attributed such symptoms as general weakness, irritability,
      headaches, and insomnia, and such diagnoses as neurosis, neurasthenia, rapid mood
      shifts as well as others to excessive caprolactam exposures, the widely
      recognized Russian national scourge of alcoholism, particularly among working
      populations was not considered as a possible factor. Some of the reports
      recognized the complicating existence of multiple exposures in the factories such
      as excessively high temperatures and humidity, high noise levels, and other
      chemicals - including mixtures of diphenyl and diphenyl oxide, cyclohexane,
      benzene, and others, but most reports gave scant or no consideration to them.

PMID- 6386342
TI  - Dinitrotoluene: acute toxicity, oncogenicity, genotoxicity, and metabolism.
AB  - Dinitrotoluene (DNT) is a major commodity chemical; over six hundred million
      pounds of DNT were used in the chemical industry in 1980. Interest in the
      toxicology of this important chemical was greatly increased when separate
      oncogenicity assays yielded the conflicting results that DNT was either not
      hepatocarcinogenic or produced a 100% incidence of hepatocellular carcinomas in
      male rats in one year. Research revealed pronounced differences in the activity
      of the DNT isomers and provided the reason for the dissimilar results of the
      various carcinogenicity studies. Cell culture genetic toxicology assays failed to
      predict the potent carcinogenic activity of any isomer of DNT. Only when the
      complex pattern of metabolic activation of DNT began to unfold and genotoxic
      activity was assessed in the appropriate target organ in the intact treated
      animal was the potent genotoxic activity of DNT revealed, and the reasons for the
      negative in vitro results understood. The DNTs have been extensively tested for
      reproductive effects in animals and humans, and the metabolism and disposition of
      each of the six possible isomers have been studied. This work has provided
      valuable information in establishing the risk of these compounds to humans.

PMID- 6386343
TI  - Use of artificial streams for toxicological research.
AB  - A review of the literature pertaining to the use of artificial streams as
      research tools in both toxicant and nontoxicant studies was conducted. This
      document summarizes that review and provides an assessment of the value of
      artificial streams in toxicological research. Descriptions are presented of the
      major types of artificial streams including considerations for the physical
      design of those streams based on their intended use. Research representative of
      nontoxicant behavioral, productivity, and trophic relationship studies is
      summarized to provide a background for the more in-depth discourse on toxicant
      research. Toxicant research is reviewed in relation to environmental factors such
      as physical type of artificial stream, light, water, and substrate and
      experimental conditions including biota tested, method of biota introduction,
      measured parameters, and toxicant. Comparisons and assessment are presented
      concerning the use of the appropriate artificial system for addressing various
      types of toxicant research emphasizing simple vs. complex systems.

PMID- 6386345
TI  - Refractive keratoplasty: myopic keratomileusis in baboons.
AB  - We performed 8 myopic keratomileusis procedures in a baboon (Papio cynocephalus)
      model using the same instruments and techniques which are presently clinically
      employed. We requested 10 diopters of refractive correction and were able to
      achieve a mean keratometric correction of 5.5 diopters (range 2.4-8.4) in 6 eyes.
      Keratometric data in the two remaining eyes was not obtained, because of
      distortion of corneascope photographs. We did not encounter any technical
      problems at surgery or during the 2-1/2 to 6 month postoperative period of
      followup. Morphologic analysis demonstrated subclinical, focal breaks in Bowman's
      membrane in all specimens and keratocyte repopulation in 7 of 8 eyes. We did find
      a wide range in the central thickness of the excised corneas which can account
      for the undercorrections achieved. We consider the baboon model to be excellent
      for the evaluation of myopic keratomileusis.

PMID- 6386344
TI  - Biological effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and other phthalic acid esters.
AB  - Esters of o-phthalic acid are widely distributed in the ecosystem. The phthalate
      acid esters (PAE's) are used as plasticizers in the manufacture of
      polyvinylchlorides. They are also used as solvents in certain industrial
      processes and as vehicles for pesticides. The PAE's are used in enormous
      quantities for a variety of industrial uses in the formulation of plastics. While
      there are a number of important PAE's, di-ethylhexyl phthalate has perhaps been
      used the most extensively in the formulation of plastics used in medical devices
      and blood bag assemblies. The metabolism, biodistribution and excretion varies to
      some extent among the various PAE's. There are species differences with respect
      to the metabolism of the PAE's. The route of administration, and the level and
      length of exposure, are known to affect the toxicological profile of the various
      PAE's. There is little evidence of bioaccumulation of the various PAE's, and only
      at very large doses have there been reports of overt toxicity. Evidence for the
      carcinogenicity of certain PAE's apparently is related to prolonged exposure to
      high levels.

PMID- 6386346
TI  - Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity mediated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes
      and mononuclear cells against HSV-1 infected primary cultures of rabbit corneal
      epithelium.
AB  - The roles of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and mononuclear cells
      (MC) for the regulation of ocular herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection were
      studied. The antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by PMNL and
      MC from normal rabbit peripheral blood was assessed kinetically employing a
      specific 51Cr release assay. The HSV-1 infected primary cultures of rabbit
      corneal epithelium (PRCE) were used as the target cells to obtain a homologous
      assay system. The PRCE was prepared by an epithelium outgrowth technique and
      identified by electron microscopy. The expression of the surface HSV-1 antigens
      on PRCE was examined by indirect immunofluorescent staining; the cell population
      stained by fluorescein increased from 40% at 3 hr postinfection (PI) to 100% at 8
      hr PI. To determine how early the cytotoxicity occurs, PRCE were infected with
      HSV-1 for 2 hrs. After 2 hrs, the ADCC was checked every 10 min for the first 40
      min and then at 1, 2 and 4 hr of incubation. The cytotoxicity was apparent at 10
      min postincubation and reached 46% by PMNL and 40% by MC at 4 hr postincubation
      (6 hr PI). Significant cytotoxic effect (26% by PMNL and 16% by MC) occurred as
      early as 3 hr PI. When the one-step growth cycle of HSV-1 was studied in the
      PRCE, HSV-1 had an eclipse period of 4 hr and a rise period of 8 hr. This
      suggests that rabbit PMNL and MC have the potential to eliminate the HSV-1
      infected rabbit corneal epithelium before HSV matures in the cells.

PMID- 6386347
TI  - Association of alpha-crystallin with actin in cultured lens cells.
AB  - The nature of the beaded filaments in the lens fiber cell has been debated for
      some time. One explanation is that beaded filaments represent an association of
      alpha-crystallin with actin filaments. By using a double labelling technique that
      allowed us to view actin filaments and alpha-crystallin in the same cell we have
      demonstrated that some of the alpha-crystallin in lens cells is indeed associated
      with actin.

PMID- 6386348
TI  - Cardiac tumors: clinical presentation and pathologic correlations.

PMID- 6386349
TI  - Mycoplasmas: their role in pediatric disease.

PMID- 6386350
TI  - Mediastinal cysts and tumors.

PMID- 6386351
TI  - Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic.

PMID- 6386352
TI  - Eosinophilic fasciitis: extracutaneous manifestations and associations.
AB  - Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) is diagnosed by the presence of characteristic
      alterations in the skin, fascia, and peripheral blood. Direct extension of the
      fascial inflammation may lead to involvement of the tendons, synovium, and
      muscle. Visceral changes similar to those seen in localized and systemic
      scleroderma may occur in the esophagus, lung and heart. Autoimmune phenomena may
      account for the thyroid and hematologic diseases which may also develop in EF.

PMID- 6386353
TI  - The Goeckerman treatment in psoriasis: six decades of experience at the Mayo
      Clinic.
AB  - The Goeckerman treatment for severe psoriasis has been used at the Mayo Clinic
      for six decades in a closely supervised hospital setting. It is an effective and
      safe method of treatment and is still the standard with which new forms of
      treatment must be compared.

PMID- 6386354
TI  - Scleroderma: therapeutic options.
AB  - Although the cause of scleroderma remains elusive, pharmacologic advances and
      increased understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease provide
      therapeutic options. Therapy usually addresses the fibrotic, vascular, or
      immunologic alterations, but general measures can be helpful and should not be
      overlooked.

PMID- 6386356
TI  - Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita: report of nine cases and review of the
      literature.
AB  - The major clinical features of nine patients (seven women and two men) with cutis
      marmorata telangiectatica congenita (CMTC) were persistent cutis marmorata,
      spider nevus-like telangiectasia, and phlebectasia. Three of the patients had
      persistent ulcers and atrophy. In two patients, atrophie blanche-like lesions
      developed on the legs with ulcers. No patient had a family history of a similar
      disorder. Skin lesions were present at birth in seven cases, at the age of eight
      months in one case, and at eighteen months in one case. Three patients had
      clinical improvement of the skin lesions with age. Eight of the nine patients had
      associated physical anomalies. Biopsy specimens showed an increase in the number
      and size of the blood vessels in the upper dermis. Alkaline phosphatase staining
      gave negative results in the dilated blood vessels of the single case in which
      this histochemical study was done.

PMID- 6386355
TI  - Light and fluorescent microscopic studies of recurrent aphthous ulcers.
AB  - Tissue from seventeen patients with recurrent aphthous ulcers was studied by
      light and immunofluorescent microscopy to characterize changes in the
      inflammatory infiltrate throughout the evolution of the lesion. Enzyme
      histochemical studies and immunoperoxidase stains for immunoglobulin revealed
      that monocytes and histiocytes form a large proportion of the infiltrate in the
      early phase of the ulcer and that most lymphoid cells present are of T-cell
      origin. Immunoglobulin-bearing lymphocytes and plasma cells are sparse at all
      stages. Direct immunofluorescent studies were frequently positive; however, no
      consistent pattern was noted.

PMID- 6386357
TI  - Cryptococcal cellulitis.
AB  - Immunocompromised patients are more susceptible to unusual pathogens. The case of
      an immunocompromised patient who presented with cellulitis as the only
      manifestation of disseminated cryptococcosis is reported. The literature on
      cryptococcal cellulitis is reviewed.

PMID- 6386358
TI  - Salmonella enteritidis enterocolitis: another cause of diarrhea and erythema
      nodosum.
AB  - The causes of concurrent erythema nodosum (EN) and diarrhea include inflammatory
      bowel disease, yersiniosis and rarely salmonella (Salmonella typhosa or S.
      typhimurium). The first case of EN caused by S. enteritidis group B enterocolitis
      is reported.

PMID- 6386359
TI  - A half century of publishing.

PMID- 6386360
TI  - ACCP International--"The world is our classroom".

PMID- 6386361
TI  - A brief history of the Asia-Pacific Congress on Diseases of the Chest.

PMID- 6386362
TI  - Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.

PMID- 6386363
TI  - Actinomycosis of the chest wall. Ultrasound findings in empyema necessitans.

PMID- 6386364
TI  - Conjunctivitis from nasal CPAP apparatus.

PMID- 6386365
TI  - When systems fail: protecting the victim of child sexual abuse.

PMID- 6386366
TI  - How widespread is child sexual abuse?

PMID- 6386367
TI  - The Chesapeake Health Plan: an HMO model for foster children.
AB  - The model of health care delivery described here is a successful, workable
      approach to meeting the health care needs of foster children. Given sufficient
      flexibility in the regulatory process, it may be adapted to a variety of
      definable, high-risk populations. The actual delivery of care depends in part
      upon the administrative and physical resources available, but it is equally
      dependent upon the philosophy of care of the program and its staff and upon
      cooperative efforts between health care and social service agencies.

PMID- 6386368
TI  - A longitudinal study of the utility of social preference and social impact
      sociometric classification schemes.
AB  - The stability of standard score and probability method sociometric group
      assignments was examined over a 2-year period with an initial group of 334
      preadolescents. The popular, neglected, and controversial sociometric groups
      evidenced low stability of group membership over intervals of approximately 1, 6,
      12, 18, and 24 months; the rejected group evidenced slightly higher short-term
      stability. These findings of limited stability were attributed to measurement
      error and to the failure of both classification systems to identify groups with
      homogeneous social reputation profiles. Social role scores contributed to the
      prediction of stable group membership in the rejected and controversial
      classification, although these scores added little to the prediction of stable
      popular and neglected group membership. Stability over short intervals could be
      used to enhance the prediction of stability over longer periods; however, this
      procedure resulted in the classification of numerous false positives and false
      negatives. The instability of sociometric group assignments completed with the
      standard score and probability methods indicates that researchers should be
      cautious about the use of classifications based on only one data collection and
      that the selection of children for both clinical intervention and further
      nomothetic research may require alternative assessment procedures.

PMID- 6386370
TI  - [Theriaca--panacea of the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries].

PMID- 6386369
TI  - [Drugs taken from the human body in the materia medica of the 18th century].

PMID- 6386371
TI  - [Dentistry at the end of the Roman Empire: Caelius Aurelianus].

PMID- 6386372
TI  - [Complete dentures: science or art?].

PMID- 6386373
TI  - [Saturation of polymethylmethacrylate resins and colonization by Candida
      albicans].

PMID- 6386374
TI  - [Industrial and pharmaceutical novelties. Klett-O-Bond. The Renfert grids for
      bonded bridges].

PMID- 6386375
TI  - ["High" femoral nerve injury].

PMID- 6386376
TI  - [Idiopathic closed rupture of the suprapatellar segment of the tendon of the
      quadriceps muscle of the thigh].

PMID- 6386377
TI  - [Monteggia's fractures of the forearm].

PMID- 6386378
TI  - [Tendon injuries of the extensor pollicis longus].

PMID- 6386379
TI  - [Remarks on the surgical treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the knee-
      osteochondrosis dissecans].

PMID- 6386380
TI  - [Experimental study on transplantation of allogenic decalcified bone].

PMID- 6386381
TI  - [Early resection and paring of crust and skin grafts in deep burns of the
      maxillofacial region].

PMID- 6386382
TI  - [Coronary artery spasm].

PMID- 6386383
TI  - [A double-blind short-term clinical trial of furazolidone on peptic ulcer].

PMID- 6386384
TI  - [A prospective, randomized, multicenter, double-blind clinical trial of "xi lei
      san" in the treatment of duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 6386385
TI  - [The relationship between tension headache or vascular headache and plasma renin
      activity or angiotensin II level].

PMID- 6386386
TI  - [Pancreatic hormone, amino acid metabolism and hepatic coma].

PMID- 6386387
TI  - Morphologic changes in rat urothelial cells during carcinogenesis: II. Image
      cytometry.
AB  - Improved early detection of neoplasia by screening of urothelial cells requires
      an understanding of the features distinguishing normal and neoplastic cell
      populations. We have begun a program of study based upon a rat model system for
      the controlled observation of early-stage lesions produced by the carcinogen N
      butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)- nitrosamine. Cells dissociated directly from normal and
      malignant urothelium were characterized by conventional cytopathology techniques
      and by quantitative microscopy (for nuclear texture and nuclear and cytoplasmic
      size, shape, and stain content) to derive a comprehensive picture of bladder
      tumor development. By following the changes that occur in the dissociated
      urothelial cells we have found that the nuclear area, total nuclear stain,
      nuclear shape, and the nuclear chromatin change significantly over a 48-wk
      interval as the lesions progress toward malignancy.

PMID- 6386388
TI  - The use of correspondence analysis in the assessment of morphologic changes
      during carcinogenesis.
AB  - Correspondence analysis is a statistical technique originally developed for the
      analysis of frequency and contingency tables. It may also be successfully applied
      to the problem of the assessment of the characteristics of samples of cytological
      material. The present article describes the use of this formalism on feature data
      measured on urothelial cells in populations obtained from rats at different time
      points after exposition to a carcinogenic agent. After the application of
      correspondence analysis, the projections of the samples corresponding to the
      different time points onto the plane spanned by the first two factorial axes
      constitute a trajectory, preserving the time ordering. The locations of the
      projections of cell samples of untreated animals (controls) with respect to this
      trajectory suggest that two different processes inducing different morphological
      changes are at work: Early abnormal samples are characterized by a lower-than
      normal value of nuclear stain content, whereas late abnormals are mainly
      characterized by a higher-than-normal nuclear stain value. It is shown that
      populations of selected atypical cells show less variation throughout the
      carcinogenic process than populations of randomly selected cells.

PMID- 6386389
TI  - Flow cytometric analysis of megakaryocyte differentiation.
AB  - Megakaryocytes were isolated quantitatively from rat bone marrow by centrifugal
      elutriation (CE). CE-enriched megakaryocytes were stained supravitally for either
      DNA content with Hoechst 33342, surface membrane immunofluorescence with
      fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated antiplatelet antibody, or both. The
      cells were then measured using a Becton Dickinson FACS IV flow cytometer. The
      following correlations were analyzed: DNA content and light scatter, light
      scatter and antiplatelet immunofluorescence, and DNA content and antiplatelet
      immunofluorescence. Although the range of light scatter increased as a function
      of DNA content, discrete subpopulations of megakaryocytes with different light
      scatter properties were detected within each of the three principal ploidy
      classes (8C, 16C, and 32C). Other discrete megakaryocyte subpopulations were
      revealed in the analysis of antiplatelet surface immunofluorescence as a function
      of degree of light scatter. The nonlinear relationship between the latter
      suggested that the degree of membrane immunofluorescence did not bear a simple
      relationship to cell size as reflected in light scatter. Megakaryocyte DNA
      content, on the other hand, varied in a linear fashion with membrane
      immunofluorescence, supporting the conclusion that there may be a proportional
      increase in the expression of platelet antigens with DNA content. The use of
      multiple markers, correlated multiparameter flow cytometry and multivectorial
      analysis to define differentiation on a single cell basis have revealed new
      complexities in this process. Flow cytometric analysis holds promise as a useful
      method for further characterization of megakaryocyte differentiation.

PMID- 6386390
TI  - Effects of temperature on the yeast cell cycle analyzed by flow cytometry.
AB  - The effects of temperature (in the range 15-36 degrees C) on growth and the
      nuclear and budding cycle have been studied in populations of the yeast
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae exponentially growing in batch on yeast nitrogen base
      (YNB) glucose medium. The maximal rate of exponential growth is achieved at 30
      degrees C, and a transition point is apparent at about 20 degrees C. At all
      tested temperatures DNA replication begins when cells are still unbudded and both
      the budded period and the postreplicative period have the same temperature
      dependence. A temperature compensatory mechanism seems to operate in S phase,
      during which duration remains relatively constant, in the range 21-36 degrees C,
      while duration of G2+ M phases shows a much more pronounced temperature
      dependence. The results are discussed in terms of a cell-cycle model for budding
      yeast.

PMID- 6386392
TI  - Colon and rectal surgery. 1984 and beyond.

PMID- 6386391
TI  - Purification of beta cells from rat islets by monoclonal antibody-fluorescence
      flow cytometry.
AB  - Fluoresceinated monoclonal antibody plus flow cytometry was used to purify beta
      cells from mixed pancreatic islet endocrine cell populations. A2B5, a monoclonal
      antibody to a glycolipid on the surface of cells of neuroendocrine origin, was
      incubated with single cells dissociated from rat pancreatic islets. Antibody
      bound cells were labeled with fluoresceinated goat F(ab')2 antimouse
      immunoglobulin and highly fluorescent cells were separated from less fluorescent
      cells on a Coulter EPICS IV cell sorter. Sorted cell populations were analyzed by
      radioimmunoassay for insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin. The highly fluorescent
      cell population was enriched sixfold for insulin-containing beta cells,
      indicating that islet beta cells are relatively enriched in A2B5 antigen and can
      be partially purified by this method.

PMID- 6386393
TI  - Adult intussusception with autoamputation and preservation of bowel continuity.
AB  - We present a case of adult intussusception with autoamputation and preservation
      of bowel continuity. Our patient, a 65-year-old man, passed a 65-cm segment of
      large bowel per anus with spontaneous recovery and with a two-month follow-up
      free of symptoms secondary to the intussusception. Mesenteric ischemia secondary
      to angiography with distal embolization two weeks prior to the event may have
      been a precipitating factor in this unusual form of intussusception.

PMID- 6386394
TI  - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. William Stewart Halsted 1852
      1922.

PMID- 6386395
TI  - Colonic lesion identification.

PMID- 6386396
TI  - Displacement of endogenous enterokinase into portal venous blood and bile
      following luminal perfusion of proximal small intestine in guinea pigs.
AB  - The displacement of endogenous enterokinase into portal venous blood or bile was
      studied in conscious guinea pigs both with the small intestine undisturbed and
      during gentle, intermittent luminal perfusion of a 25-cm segment of duodenum and
      proximal jejunum. Perfusates tested included water, 150 mM saline, 5% (v/v)
      ethanol, 0.2% (w/v) lysolecithin, and mixtures of ethanol and lysolecithin.
      Enterokinase activity was absent from portal venous blood of control guinea pigs
      with the intestine undisturbed but perfusion with luminal saline or water was
      consistently associated with substantial levels of active enterokinase in portal
      venous blood. Similar concentrations of enterokinase in portal blood were also
      detected in response to luminal ethanol and lysolecithin. The capacity of the
      normal liver rapidly to clear the enzyme from portal blood was demonstrated. Of
      the estimated total endogenous enterokinase displaced, 0.2-0.4% was recovered in
      catalytically active form from the pooled bile of luminally perfused but not
      control animals. The readiness with which enterokinase was displaced into the
      circulation in the absence of mucosal damage raises the unexpected possibility
      that the event may be physiological. Induced penetration of the mucosa and
      absorption of luminal components is clearly different from the release into
      portal venous blood of endogenous mucosal macromolecules.

PMID- 6386397
TI  - Unusual nosocomial infections.

PMID- 6386398
TI  - Treatment of the lateral rectus palsy.
AB  - The authors reported 3 cases of complete lateral rectus palsy treated with the
      Carlson-Jampolsky transposition technique with readjustable sutures. A fair
      balance in the primary position with adduction and abduction around 20 degrees
      were obtained. The EOG tracings recorded in all the cases prior and after surgery
      showed interesting aspects of this improvement both in the saccadic velocities,
      and in the amplitude of the movements. The follow up of these patients, up to two
      years, did not show any impairment of the results.

PMID- 6386399
TI  - In honour of Professor Bruno Bagolini on occasional of his 60th birthday.

PMID- 6386400
TI  - Insulin-induced hypoglycemia in type I diabetics.

PMID- 6386401
TI  - Hypoglycemia--what does the diabetic experience?

PMID- 6386402
TI  - DAE (Dog Assisted Education).

PMID- 6386403
TI  - Blood glucose self-monitoring usage and its influence on patients' perceptions of
      diabetes.

PMID- 6386404
TI  - Multiple use of disposable syringe units by insulin-dependent diabetics.

PMID- 6386405
TI  - [Cytotoxic properties of an immunotoxin interacting with mouse myeloma cells].

PMID- 6386406
TI  - [Proteolytic enzymes hydrolyzing opioid peptides in the cytoplasm of human
      erythrocytes].

PMID- 6386407
TI  - [Effect of a glucose-insulin-potassium solution on electrophysiological changes
      during myocardial ischemia].

PMID- 6386408
TI  - Prenatal effects of alcohol.
AB  - Suspicion of alcohol's teratogenic potential stretches back many centuries, but
      it is only recently that solid support for this possibility has been produced.
      There is now little doubt that alcohol can produce developmental defects, but
      there are many questions that still remain to be answered concerning the impact
      of alcohol on the conceptus. One major question that remains to be resolved is
      why only a small percentage of alcoholic women give birth to children with Fetal
      Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), whereas other alcoholic women who drink the same amount
      do not. Another important issue concerns the way in which alcohol produces its
      effects. Although one of the most likely ways in which alcohol's teratogenic
      actions are mediated appears to be via hypoxia, other mechanisms such as direct
      toxicity of alcohol or acetaldehyde may be involved. FAS refers to a pattern of
      defects in children born to alcoholic women. For a diagnosis of FAS to be made,
      the patient must have three main characteristics: (1) pre- and postnatal growth
      retardation (greater than or equal to 2 S.D. for length and weight), (2) facial
      anomalies, and (3) central nervous system dysfunction Pre- and postnatal growth
      retardation are the most reliable consequences of fetal alcohol exposure. In many
      cases, patients with the syndrome weigh less than 2500 g at birth and most do not
      exhibit postnatal 'catch-up growth' Among the distinctive facial anomalies seen
      in conjunction with the syndrome are absent-to-indistinct philtrum, epicanthic
      folds, thin upper lip and short upturned nose. Joint, limb and cardiac anomalies
      are also often present. Central nervous system dysfunction includes mental
      retardation, the most serious consequence of in utero alcohol exposure,
      hyperactivity, sleep disorders and miscellaneous behavioral difficulties. If only
      one or two of these broad characteristics are present and the mother is suspected
      of drinking during pregnancy, then a diagnosis of 'possible fetal alcohol
      syndrome,' or 'partial fetal alcohol syndrome,' or 'fetal alcohol effects,' or
      'alcohol-related birth defects' may be made. However, without evidence of
      maternal drinking during pregnancy, this diagnosis is very tentative, since many
      of these effects are also observed in conjunction with many other congenital
      disorders.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6386409
TI  - Domestication of chemistry by design of safer chemicals: structure-activity
      relationships.

PMID- 6386410
TI  - Design and structure-activity relationships of antidotes to organophosphorus
      anticholinesterase agents.

PMID- 6386411
TI  - Structure-activity relationships in the carcinogenicity of anticancer agents.

PMID- 6386412
TI  - [Effect of dietary fat on blood sugar levels and insulin consumption after intake
      of various carbohydrate carriers in type I diabetics on the artificial pancreas].
AB  - The role of fat on carbohydrate absorption was investigated in 14 type-I
      diabetics who were connected to a glucose-monitored insulin infusion pump
      (Biostator, Miles). The patients received test meals in the form of potatoes,
      rice and apples with equal carbohydrate content, in each case with and without
      added fat. Comparison of carbohydrate carriers showed an increase of blood sugar
      and insulin consumption which was biggest after the potato meal and significantly
      lower after rice and apple ingestion. This is probably related to the different
      biologic availability of carbohydrate carriers. Addition of fat caused lowering
      of blood sugar and insulin consumption in the potato meal; in this case
      nutritional fat is likely to have slowed gastrointestinal passage. There were no
      major differences among rice and apple. It can be concluded that addition of fat
      delays absorption of rapidly split carbohydrates more than absorption of slowly
      split carbohydrates such as rice. The lack of influence of fat on postprandial
      blood sugar and insulin consumption after an apple meal is related to the slight
      increase of blood sugar caused by the high content of fructose.

PMID- 6386413
TI  - [Diagnosis of extracranial stenoses and occlusions. Comparison of Doppler
      sonography, duplex-scan and angiography].
AB  - In a prospective study the detection rate of stenoses and occlusions of
      extracranial arteries by continuous-wave (CW) Doppler sonography, duplex-scan and
      selective angiography was compared independently by three investigators. In 89
      patients (488 arteries) CW-Doppler sonography was superior to duplex-scan in the
      detection of stenoses exceeding 50% and occlusions. Duplex-scan detected about
      half of low degree stenoses and arteriosclerotic plaques and in some cases
      lesions which are not shown in angiography. Thus, Doppler sonography and duplex
      scan are complementary rather than competitive methods. Doppler sonography is
      necessary for the evaluation of flow disturbances in the vertebral and subclavian
      arteries and high degree stenoses in the intracranial section of the internal
      carotid artery.

PMID- 6386414
TI  - [The IgM enzyme immuno-screening test for congenital rubella].
AB  - A commercially available rubella-IgM-enzyme immunological assay (Enzygnost,
      Behringwerke) was used to test 20 000 samples for rubella-specific IgM
      antibodies. Examination of dry-blood samples on filter paper avoided any false
      positive or doubtful readings. In five children congenital rubella infection was
      detected by definitely positive test results. In three first clinical examination
      was unremarkable, two had cardiac and other abnormalities. Two of the children
      were of mothers in whom positive results of serological screening for rubella had
      been misinterpreted as sufficient protection against rubella. These results
      favour the inclusion of IgM-specific tests in a screening programme. Because of
      possible late sequelae of the infection, symptom-poor children should be
      carefully examined and followed for several years.

PMID- 6386415
TI  - [Autotransplantation in endocrine surgery].

PMID- 6386416
TI  - [Continuous-hemodialysis patients from a psychiatric viewpoint].

PMID- 6386417
TI  - [Diagnosis in delayed male puberty].

PMID- 6386418
TI  - [Hemorrhagic neurologic complications during therapy with anticoagulants and
      fibrinolytic agents].

PMID- 6386419
TI  - [Bleeding into the intestinal wall during anticoagulant therapy. Diagnosis using
      sonography and computerized tomography].
AB  - As a complication of anticoagulant treatment, intramural intestinal bleeding
      occurred in two patients. The diagnosis was made by ultrasound. This showed an
      abnormally broad, echo-sparing circular structure as a sign of a thickened
      intestinal wall as well as an echo-rich centre, corresponding to the stenosed
      intestinal lumen. Since the halo (or target) sign is also seen in neoplasms,
      occlusion of the mesenteric arteries or inflammatory disease of the intestines,
      bleeding can be confirmed by measuring the density by computed tomography. Serial
      ultrasound examination can objectify the course and surgical intervention may be
      avoided.

PMID- 6386420
TI  - [Kidney transplantation: the end of classical immunosuppression with
      azathioprine?].

PMID- 6386421
TI  - [Comparative studies of rumen fluid samples obtained by using the Schambye
      Sorensen sonde or by puncture of the caudoventral rumen sac].

PMID- 6386422
TI  - [Model experiments to increase zinc bacitracin efficacy].

PMID- 6386423
TI  - [Population structure and reasons for slaughter of horses].

PMID- 6386424
TI  - Treatment of male fertility disturbances. Current concepts.
AB  - Medical therapy of male infertility aims to improve or normalise the fertility
      status of a subfertile patient. However, this can be a frustrating task due to
      limited knowledge about the pathophysiology of male reproductive functions, and
      the fact that pharmacological therapy is mainly empirical and less often
      specific. Nevertheless, the spectrum of treatment approaches has increased within
      the last decade and comprises hormonal and non-hormonal compounds. Hormonal
      therapy is performed with antioestrogens (clomiphene, tamoxifen), gonadotrophin
      releasing hormone (GnRH), prolactin inhibitors (bromocriptine), gonadotrophins
      (hMG, hCG), androgens (testosterone, mesterolone), and testosterone aromatase
      inhibitors (testolactone). Tissue hormone-releasing proteases (kallikrein) can
      also be applied, liberating kinins as mediator substances with different effects
      at the cellular level. Non-hormonal therapy includes improvement of testicular
      microcirculation by oxpentifylline, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents,
      drugs to improve or allow emission and ejaculation, and psychotropic and
      antispasmodic drugs to diminish functional disturbances induced by emotional
      stress. Treatment schedules are either specifically or empirically based. If
      treatment is based on a pathophysiological concept which implies strong patient
      selection, success of treatment is excellent. In contrast, despite an increased
      number of compounds, empirically based therapies remain unpredictable and the
      results are moderate and often not reproducible. However, when different drugs
      are compared with a placebo group in selected, well-controlled patients with
      idiopathic normogonadotrophic oligozoospermia, pregnancy rates will be in the
      range of 30 to 40% within an observation period of 1 year, as compared with the
      spontaneous conception rate of between 10 and 20%.

PMID- 6386425
TI  - Chloramphenicol in the 1980s.

PMID- 6386430
TI  - [Cyclosporin, a new immunosuppressive agent?].

PMID- 6386429
TI  - Preventing complications of sexually transmitted disease. New treatment
      guidelines for an expanded spectrum of problems.
AB  - Newly recognised sexually transmitted diseases have combined with the traditional
      venereal diseases to present clinicians with a demanding management challenge.
      Besides the increases in incidence of some of these diseases, many of the
      associated organisms are becoming more resistant to commonly used antimicrobial
      drugs. Predictably, accompanying this trend are increasing numbers of serious
      complications affecting men, women and infants. Timely and appropriate management
      of patients presenting with sexually transmitted diseases are imperative to stem
      the swelling tide of these conditions and prevent their insidious consequences.
      Clinicians must therefore remain knowledgeable about the effective therapies (and
      regimens) that are available. An update of the treatment guidelines for sexually
      transmitted diseases is provided in this article. As well as selecting
      appropriate antimicrobial regimens, it is equally important that clinicians
      educate their patients about their disease and its probable course, explain the
      administration of medications clearly to patients, and follow them up
      appropriately to detect resistant cases and non-compliers, and ultimately ensure
      effective treatment. In addition, no patient should be considered appropriately
      managed until his or her sexual partners have been properly dispositioned. For
      most patients, this will entail examining their sexual partners and treating them
      immediately. Execution of these treatment guidelines and management principles
      will help protect the reproductive capability of many women by preventing pelvic
      inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility.

PMID- 6386428
TI  - Drug-induced arthritis and arthralgia.
AB  - In the differential diagnosis of arthritis and arthralgia, one must consider the
      possibility of adverse drug reactions being responsible. The distinction between
      primary cause and secondary aggravation of a pre-existing condition is often
      difficult and sometimes impossible to make; for instance, oral contraceptives may
      seem on occasion to precipitate pre-existing rheumatoid arthritis and systemic
      lupus erythematosus and also to cause temporary symptoms resembling these
      disorders in previously normal subjects. In addition, serum sickness type
      reactions, myopathies, electrolyte and fluid disturbances, pseudosclerodermas,
      bone lesions and local reactions to intra-articular injections have been
      described. One should therefore be aware of the possibility of drug-induced
      syndromes resembling rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus,
      periarthritis of the shoulders, progressive systemic sclerosis, and other
      rheumatic and arthritic disorders. Though rarely severe or incapacitating, they
      may cause considerable diagnostic confusion.

PMID- 6386431
TI  - [What did junior barber-surgeons have to know? Questions on a medical examination
      in 1751].

PMID- 6386426
TI  - Piroxicam. A reappraisal of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy.
AB  - Piroxicam is a chemically different non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with a
      long half-life which enables it to be administered once daily. This member of the
      oxicam series of compounds is now well established in the treatment of rheumatoid
      arthritis and osteoarthritis and has been shown to be a suitable alternative to
      aspirin, indomethacin, naproxen, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, sulindac, phenylbutazone
      and diclofenac in the treatment of rheumatic diseases. Open trials in many
      thousands of patients in hospital clinics and in general practice have
      demonstrated its analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy in a wide cross-section
      of patients with rheumatic diseases, when administered once daily either at night
      or in the morning, and recent studies have demonstrated its usefulness in
      musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhoea and postoperative pain. Such studies
      have also demonstrated the generally good tolerability of piroxicam 20mg daily.
      As with other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, gastrointestinal complaints
      are the most frequently reported side effects. The frequency and severity of
      these effects are dose related. Thus, piroxicam is now well established in the
      treatment of rheumatic diseases and offers an alternative to other analgesics in
      various pain states.

PMID- 6386427
TI  - Psoriasis. A review of recent advances in treatment.
AB  - Current concepts in the treatment of psoriasis are reviewed, including:
      traditional modalities of dithranol (anthralin), tar, and corticosteroids alone
      or in combination with other agents; phototherapy and photochemotherapy;
      experimental studies with the aromatic retinoid etretinate and related analogues;
      dialysis; and the potential use of hyperthermia. Prudent administration of agents
      that are known to have serious side effects should be the concern of all
      clinicians. Many regimens that have beneficial short term results may have the
      potential for long term sequelae that may not only affect the patient but the
      offspring as well. Two of the most promising innovative concepts in the
      therapeutic armamentarium for psoriasis are psoriasis 'day care centres', and
      prevention and self-care. With the ever-increasing costs of medical care
      throughout the world, ways and means of reducing costs should be initiated by the
      clinician when considering a treatment programme. The clinician has the
      responsibility of determining whether the severity of the disease warrants
      ambulatory outpatient regimens or hospitalisation. If the patient would benefit
      from daily attention, then the psoriasis day care centre approach provides an
      appropriate clinical setting. However, in addition to administering appropriate
      medication, it is incumbent upon the clinician to educate patients regarding
      their disease and the triggering factors to prevent exacerbations. 'Disability
      prevention' means extending the services of clinicians and others to deal
      systematically with 2 areas involved in disease development; one is recognising
      the genetic component of psoriasis; the other, environmental triggering factors,
      e.g. infection, trauma to the skin, low humidity, and stress. Until recently,
      dermatology has focused on diseases and repairing the damage they cause. Now, the
      significance of genetic and environmental influences in multifactorial diseases
      like psoriasis has been realised, as has the importance of educating psoriasis
      patients to understand their disease and to encourage them to take responsibility
      for self-care so that the morbidity will be lessened.

PMID- 6386432
TI  - Laryngoscopy.

PMID- 6386433
TI  - Biodegradability test results related to quality and quantity of the inoculum.
AB  - For a series of different biodegradation test methods the biodegradation curves
      are simulated by computer. Simulations are performed on the basis of Monod growth
      kinetics corrected for cell decay. The possibility of discriminating between
      growth rates is related to variability of the inoculum quality and quantity. It
      is concluded that the variability of the inoculum masks all other information.
      The Repetitive Die Away test, however, offers a good opportunity to obtain
      information on growth rates that is highly relevant to environmental assessment.
      The conclusions derived from the computer-simulated curves are confirmed by
      experimental data.

PMID- 6386434
TI  - [What does the prosthodontist expect of the periodontologist?].

PMID- 6386435
TI  - [What does the periodontologist expect of the prosthodontist?].

PMID- 6386436
TI  - Development and structure of dental plaque.

PMID- 6386437
TI  - Sampling, cultivation and identification of microorganisms from dental plaque.

PMID- 6386438
TI  - Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Bacteroides gingivalis in advanced
      periodontitis in man.

PMID- 6386439
TI  - Does modern microbiological knowledge imply antibiotic therapy in periodontal
      disease?

PMID- 6386440
TI  - [Use of DDAVP in patients with functional thrombocyte disorders].

PMID- 6386441
TI  - Demonstration of renin activity in purified rat Leydig cells: evidence for the
      existence of an endogenous inactive (latent) form of enzyme.
AB  - Previous histochemical studies demonstrated the specific localization of
      immunoreactive renin-like substance in Leydig cells of rat testes. The studies
      reported herein demonstrate a specific renin enzyme activity in the two purified
      populations of Leydig cells (I and II) of mature rat testes. Leydig cells of both
      populations also exhibited an inactive (latent) renin which was activated by the
      sulfhydryl reagents dithiothreitol, beta-mercaptoethanol, glutathione, and
      cysteine but not by limited proteolysis by trypsin, which is a characteristic
      activating agent for prorenin or inactive renin of the zymogen type. The
      activation of latent renin by dithiothreitol produced approximately 5-and 10-fold
      increases in renin activity in Leydig cell populations I and II, respectively.
      Active and latent renin showed strong affinity to an antirat renin immunoglobulin
      Sepharose column, indicating a close immunological relationship of latent renin
      to active renin. Both active and latent renin from Leydig cell populations (I and
      II) exhibited the pH optimum of 6.0. The gel filtration of Leydig cell extracts
      characteristically revealed that the apparent mol wts of active and latent renin
      were 39,000 and 48,000, respectively. Both active and latent renin in Leydig
      cells remained almost at similar levels through four continuous subcultures. The
      activity of latent renin slightly increased during the four consecutive
      subcultures, while active renin levels remained almost constant.

PMID- 6386442
TI  - Physiological inhibition of ovine fetal plasma renin activity by cortisol.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that physiological increases
      in the fetal plasma cortisol concentration after basal and stimulated levels of
      PRA and vasopressin. Seven fetal sheep, between 121 and 131 days gestation, were
      infused with cortisol (4 micrograms/min) or vehicle for 5 h. One hour after the
      end of cortisol or vehicle infusion, sodium nitroprusside was infused into the
      fetus (100 micrograms/min, iv) to stimulate fetal hormone secretion. Cortisol,
      but not vehicle, infusion increased the fetal plasma cortisol concentration and
      decreased fetal PRA, but did not alter the fetal plasma vasopressin
      concentration. Cortisol-infused fetuses responded to nitroprusside with slightly
      smaller PRA responses but with equal vasopressin responses compared to those of
      vehicle-infused controls. Fetal blood pressure was not affected by either
      cortisol or vehicle infusion. Nitroprusside caused a slightly greater reduction
      in pressure in fetuses receiving cortisol infusion compared to those receiving
      the vehicle. We conclude that physiological increases in fetal plasma cortisol
      decrease fetal PRA without altering the fetal plasma vasopressin concentration.
      The results suggest that repeated fetal stress might produce progressive
      reduction of fetal PRA activity and might, therefore, alter cardiovascular
      homeostasis.

PMID- 6386443
TI  - Structural analysis and subunit interaction of insulin receptor from membranes of
      cultured embryonic chick heart cells.
AB  - In previous studies of cultured embryonic chick heart, insulin hyperpolarized
      cells and slowed their beat rate through occupancy of a high affinity receptor.
      In the present studies, we chemically characterize the native structure and
      subunit interactions of this insulin receptor. A stokes radius of 87 A and an
      apparent molecular mass of 350,000 daltons were found for membrane proteins
      specifically cross-linked to [125I] insulin by disuccinimidyl suberate. A primary
      subunit of 125,000 daltons in dithiothreitol or 115,000 daltons in its absence
      (alpha-subunit) was heavily cross-linked. A smaller subunit had a size of 90,000
      daltons (beta-subunit). This beta-subunit was not readily labeled by
      [125I]insulin cross-linking, but insulin enhanced 32P incorporation from [gamma
      32P]ATP, enabling its visualization. Subunit interaction could be studied,
      because alkaline conditions produced dissociation of the native 350,000-dalton
      receptor. This spontaneous dissociation was not a result of proteolysis and was
      prevented by acid conditions, oxidants, or N-ethylmaleimide. Using alkaline
      conditions followed by chemical reduction in two-way gels, we directly visualized
      the native complex of 350,000 daltons dissociating into combinations of subunits
      of apparent sizes of 290,000 (alpha 2 beta), 220,000 (alpha alpha), and 195,000
      (alpha beta) daltons. Dithiothreitol produced combinations of subunits, which
      differed from alkaline dissociation. In alkaline conditions, the 290,000 (alpha 2
      beta) and 220,000 (alpha alpha) dalton combinations predominated, whereas
      dithiothreitol produced 190,000 (alpha beta)-dalton proteins, which suggested
      that alpha-S-S-alpha disulfide bonds existed and were susceptible to chemical
      reductants, while alpha-S-S-beta disulfide bonds were more sensitive to alkaline
      lysis. We conclude from these observations that the native insulin receptor of
      embryonic chick heart cell exists on the sarcolemmal membrane as a relatively
      homogeneous tetramer of nonhomologous subunits in an alpha 2 beta 2
      configuration. The alpha-subunits are the primary sites for insulin binding, and
      a beta-subunit is autophosphorylated. alpha-S-S-alpha and alpha-S-S-beta bonding
      exist, and these disulfide bonds have different sensitivities to chemical
      reducing agents and alkaline lysis.

PMID- 6386444
TI  - Insulin bound to the insulin receptor of IM-9 lymphocytes is more accessible to
      antiinsulin antibodies after treatment with dithiothreitol: bound insulin is
      deeply buried in the receptor-binding site.
AB  - Binding of insulin to its receptor followed by covalent cross-linking with
      disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS) dramatically impairs the ability of antiinsulin
      antibodies (both polyclonal and monoclonal) to bind to the insulin moiety. We
      have used dithiotheitol, which has major effects on the oligomeric structure of
      the insulin receptor, to determine if this decreased antibody recognition is due
      to alteration in the conformation of insulin itself or to steric factors.
      Treatment of the covalently cross-linked insulin-receptor complex with
      dithiothreitol (DTT) increased the ability of the polyclonal and two monoclonal
      antiinsulin antibodies to immunoprecipitate the insulin-receptor complex. This
      treatment decreased immunoprecipitation by antireceptor antibodies. The effect of
      DTT may have been due to a reversal of either a binding-induced conformational
      change in the insulin moiety or an alteration in the conformation of the insulin
      receptor complex, thereby decreasing steric hindrance. In an effort to choose
      between these two possible explanations, we prepared a biotinylated derivative of
      insulin which was cross-linked to the receptor. Since the biotin moiety is
      relatively rigid, it seemed improbable that binding to the receptor would alter
      the conformation of the epitope recognized by antibiotin antibodies and that the
      change would be reversed by DTT. Treatment of the cross-linked biotin-insulin
      receptor complex with DTT did increase the ability of both antiinsulin and
      antibiotin antibodies to immunoprecipitate the cross-linked receptor complex.
      Identification of the cross-linked receptor on reduced sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gels confirms that the DTT treatment alters the distribution of
      the oligomeric forms of the receptor. These studies favor the hypothesis that
      when bound to its receptor, most of the insulin molecule is sequestered within
      the receptor-binding site such that there is steric hindrance to the approach of
      antiinsulin antibodies. Moreover, DTT alters the conformation of the cross-linked
      insulin-receptor complex so as to decrease this steric hindrance.

PMID- 6386445
TI  - Activation of luteinizing hormone release from pituitary cells by polycations.
AB  - In the present work we examined the effect of cationic polymers on the pituitary
      gonadotrope. Such polymers are widely used to anchor gonadotropes and other cell
      types to culture dishes and other substrata to which they are not normally
      adherent. Homopolymers of Lys (eight size classes from 4,000-700,000 daltons)
      stimulate Ca+2-dependent LH release from pituitary cell cultures. In contrast,
      release does not occur in response to the epsilon-CBZ or succinyl derivatives
      (which have no internal charge) or in response to polymers of L-Glu, D-Glu, or
      Gly. The observation that polymers of D-Lys, L-Lys, and L-Arg all stimulate LH
      release with similar efficacy and potency indicates that simple charge
      interactions, rather than interaction with specific polymer-binding sites, are
      the cause of LH release. Since monomeric Lys neither stimulates LH release nor
      competitively inhibits release in response to Lys polymers, it appears that
      multiple charge coordination by Lys polymers is responsible for activation of the
      release mechanism. Putrescine, spermine, and spermidine (which have more closely
      spaced charges) do not stimulate LH release, suggesting that a certain minimal
      distance of charge separation must occur to obtain efficacy. The reduced potency
      of heteropolymers of Lys (spaced with Ala or Tyr) suggests that a maximal
      effective distance also exists. Consecutive and concomitant incubation studies
      indicate that LH released in response to poly-L-Lys or GnRH comes from the same
      pool as that released by GnRH. The time courses of release are similar for the
      two compounds.

PMID- 6386446
TI  - Distribution of peptide histidine isoleucine in the mammalian respiratory tract
      and some aspects of its pharmacology.
AB  - Peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), a newly discovered neuropeptide, has been
      detected by RIA and immunocytochemistry in the upper respiratory tracts of the
      guinea pig, rat, and cat. HPLC of tracheal extracts showed a single peak of PHI
      immunoreactivity in each species. The immunoreactive PHI peak found in the guinea
      pig and rat trachea was eluted earlier than the corresponding peak from the cat,
      which was coeluted with the porcine PHI standard. Immunocytochemistry showed PHI
      immunoreactivity to be present within ganglion cells and nerve fibers in the
      respiratory tracts of all three species. The distribution of PHI was similar to
      that of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and ganglion cells were found to
      contain both PHI and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immunoreactivities. Pure
      natural porcine PHI induced a dose-dependent relaxation of isolated guinea pig
      tracheal muscle which was not blocked by antagonists to catecholamines,
      histamine, 5-hydroxy-tryptamine, and acetylcholine. PHI may thus be one of the
      local factors in respiratory control.

PMID- 6386447
TI  - Receptor-mediated endocytosis of [125I]insulin into pancreatic acinar cells in
      vivo.
AB  - One of the highest concentrations of insulin receptors is found in the cell
      membrane of the pancreatic acinar cell. A radioautographic study has been carried
      out to monitor the fate of in vivo injected 125I-labeled insulin after binding to
      the acinar cell membrane. [125I]Insulin remained for long periods of time
      (greater than 45 min) within the exocrine cell. Quantitative radioautography at
      the electron microscopic level revealed endocytosis of hormone and localization
      to zymogen granules and, to a lesser extent, multivesicular bodies, lysosomes,
      structures that were receptosome like, and small undefined structures of about 50
      100 nm in diameter found dispersed among endoplasmic reticulum saccules.
      Treatment with the lysosomotropic agent chloroquine produced large secondary
      lysosomes which were seldom labeled. Rather, there was an increase in the
      proportion of label over zymogen granules and receptosome-like structures without
      increased retention of label by acinar cells. Thus, in pancreatic exocrine cells,
      nonlysosomal structures are of major quantitative importance in insulin
      internalization. The high concentration of grains about the bounding membrane of
      zymogen granules points to a merging of the endocytic and exocytic pathways in
      pancreatic acinar cells.

PMID- 6386448
TI  - Effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine on rubidium ion fluxes and insulin release in
      cultured pancreatic islets.
AB  - We have incubated pancreatic islets isolated from noninbred ob/ob mice and NMRI
      mice for 3 days with or without 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the medium and
      tested the effect of such long term treatment on subsequent insulin release and
      86Rb+ accumulation and efflux. Two tenths millimolars of 5-HT abolished insulin
      release in response to 20 mM glucose. Two tenths millimolars of 5-HT also
      diminished the ability of islets to accumulate 86Rb+ and the effect of 10 mM
      glucose on 86Rb+ efflux. One one-hundredth millimolars of 5-HT had no effect on
      insulin release or 86Rb+ fluxes. Clearly, islets subjected to 5-HT for 3 days at
      concentrations that do not elicit demonstrable effects in short term incubations
      show a reduced secretory response. However, the physiological role of the high
      affinity uptake system for 5-HT in islet cells [Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) =
      1.6 microM] remains unknown.

PMID- 6386449
TI  - Alveolyn--structure and source: a review.
AB  - Alveolyn is a unique secretory glycoprotein of 250,000 molecular weight (MW) that
      is found in distal pulmonary secretions. Several glycoproteins of 130,000 MW,
      80,000 MW, 62,000 MW, and 36,000 MW have also been found to be present in the
      alveolar secretions, and it was found that these glycoproteins were proteolytic
      fragments of the much larger molecular glycoprotein. It is also a major protein
      in human amniotic fluid, presumably a product of alveolar secretions. It is also
      secreted by a clone of pulmonary fetal type II cells. Preliminary results
      indicate that two of the proteolytic fragments of 62,000 MW and 36,000 MW contain
      alternate collagenous and noncollagenous domains in the same polypeptide chain.
      The presence of collagenous domains in these glycoproteins was also confirmed by
      their susceptibility to digestion with collagenase and the presence of Gly-Pro
      Hyp-Gly-type sequence in the peptide chain. Very little is known about the
      tertiary structure of the protein, except that its fragments bind phospholipids
      and probably facilitate transfer of the lipid to air-water interfaces.

PMID- 6386450
TI  - Epidemiological-environmental study of lead acid battery workers. II. Acute
      effects of sulfuric acid on the respiratory system.
AB  - Two hundred and twenty-five (225) workers in five lead acid battery plants were
      administered a questionnaire containing work-related symptoms, underwent
      spirometry, and had personal samples for H2SO4 taken over the shift. Most
      personal samples were less than 1 mg/m3 H2SO4. Mass median aerodynamic diameter
      of H2SO4 from area samples in the formation areas was 2.6-10 micron. Workers with
      a higher exposure to acid did not have an increased rate of acute work-related
      symptoms. Changes in pulmonary function over the shift were not related to levels
      of airborne lead or airborne acid, sex, age, or smoking status. In acclimated
      workers, there is no evidence of acute symptoms or reductions in pulmonary
      function over the shift at concentrations less than 1 mg/m3.

PMID- 6386451
TI  - Review of the health effects of urea-formaldehyde foam insulation.

PMID- 6386452
TI  - Epidemiological-environmental study of lead acid battery workers. III. Chronic
      effects of sulfuric acid on the respiratory system and teeth.
AB  - The effects of long-term exposure to sulfuric acid mist on the teeth and
      respiratory system were studied in 248 workers in five plants manufacturing lead
      acid batteries. The prevalence of cough, phlegm, dyspnea, and wheezing as
      determined by questionnaire were not associated with estimates of cumulative acid
      exposure. There was only one case of irregular opacities seen on the chest
      radiographs. There was no statistically significant association of reduced FEV1,
      peak flow, FEF50, and FEF75 with acid exposure although the higher exposed group
      had lower mean values. FVC in the high exposure group showed a statistically
      significant reduction compared to the low exposure group, but there was no
      significant association when exposure was analyzed as a continuous variable. The
      ratio of observed to expected prevalence of teeth etching and erosion was about
      four times greater in the high acid-exposure group. The earliest case of etching
      occurred after 4 months exposure to an estimated average exposure of 0.23 mg/m3
      sulfuric acid.

PMID- 6386453
TI  - Sir Frederick Smith memorial lecture. Sir Frederick Smith--his life and work.

PMID- 6386454
TI  - Results of treatment of subchondral bone cysts in the medial condyle of the
      equine femur with an autogenous cancellous bone graft.
AB  - The results of surgical treatment of 10 subchondral bone cysts, all located in
      the medial femoral condyle, are presented. A cancellous bone graft was used in
      nine cases and a two component acrylic bone cement was used in the case of an
      extremely large cyst. Eight out of the 10 cases made a satisfactory clinical
      recovery.

PMID- 6386455
TI  - Determination of red blood cell potassium content in horses with diarrhoea: a
      practical approach for therapy.
AB  - The concentration of potassium in the red blood cells in 15 horses with severe
      diarrhoea was determined. The red blood cell potassium content (RBCK+) was low
      compared with levels obtained in normal horses. The decrease in the RBCK+ was
      used to evaluate the total body potassium deficit. This calculated amount was
      administered orally, following each RBCK+ determination. In those horses which
      recovered, RBCK+ content returned to normal levels. During treatment, refilling
      of the red blood cells with potassium occurred only gradually as long as the
      diarrhoea persisted. In each case, oral loading with the calculated dose resulted
      in an improvement of the general condition and no side effects were observed. The
      importance of using RBCK+ levels as a diagnostic and therapeutic parameter is
      discussed.

PMID- 6386456
TI  - Quantitative urine cultures revisited.

PMID- 6386457
TI  - Rapid enzymatic characterization of clinically encountered anaerobic bacteria
      with the API ZYM system.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine if enzyme profiles of anaerobic
      bacteria, obtained with the API ZYM system, are sufficiently distinctive and
      reproducible to merit future development of the system and an expanded data base
      for the four major groups of clinically encountered anaerobes. Of the total 155
      clinical isolates and reference strains that were tested, 88% had distinctive
      patterns. It was possible to differentiate between 89% of the anaerobic gram
      negative bacilli, 64% of anaerobic cocci, 100% of anaerobic gram-positive non
      sporeforming bacilli and 100% of the Clostridium spp. using only the API ZYM plus
      Gram reaction, morphology and relation to oxygen. Overall reproducibility for
      1,330 enzyme-substrate reactions was 97%. It was concluded that the API ZYM could
      be a practical system for rapid identification of clinical anaerobe isolates
      provided that an expanded data base is developed and that certain additional
      recommended tests are used.

PMID- 6386458
TI  - Evaluation of commercial test systems for the identification of nonfermenters.
AB  - Three commercially available test systems for the identification of
      nonfermentative gram-negative rods were compared: API 20NE, flow N/F and Minitek
      Nonfermenter System. Two hundred strains were identified by conventional means
      and by each test system. The rate of correct identification of Acinetobacter,
      Alcaligenes, Flavobacterium and Moraxella strains to genus level and of the other
      genera to species level was 92% with API 20NE, 84% with flow N/F and 75% with
      Minitek Nonfermenter System. The need for these kits in the diagnostic hospital
      laboratory is also discussed.

PMID- 6386459
TI  - Changing fecal Escherichia coli flora during travel.
AB  - The Escherichia coli flora of 23 Peace-Corps volunteers were monitored during the
      first six weeks of their stay in Morocco. Fifteen (65%) had a total of 21
      diarrheal episodes, six of which were associated with enterotoxigenic Escherichia
      coli. Bioserotypes O25:K7:H42, O128:H-, O169:H- and O20H- were found. These or
      other characteristically enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli bioserotypes were not
      found in asymptomatic persons, except in one case. In general, the Escherichia
      coli flora not only changed after the volunteers arrived in Morocco but continued
      to change during the six weeks of investigation.

PMID- 6386461
TI  - A nosocomial epidemic of Serratia liquefaciens urinary tract infection after
      cystometry.
AB  - An epidemic involving 10 patients who developed a urinary tract infection within
      a few days after cystometry and/or cystoscopy is reported. A pure culture of
      Serratia liquefaciens was obtained from the fluid inside the disposable dome of
      the cystometer. The outbreak ceased when the dome was systematically changed
      after each examination as required.

PMID- 6386460
TI  - Spectral analysis of biochemical reactions used for identification of bacteria.
AB  - To define parameters for optimizing automated discrimination of bacterial
      biochemical reactions certain theoretical considerations of spectrophotometric
      analysis were explored. One-hundred and one recent clinical isolates of gram
      negative bacilli (21 species) were inoculated into AP1 20 E strips and read
      manually after 24 hours. With spectrophotometric scanning, the AP1 reactions
      could be classified into three analytical categories: pH change, production of
      new products, and darkening of the medium. Whereas single wavelength analysis
      gave 2.9% disagreement from the visual, multiple wavelength analyses were
      uniformly more accurate. The best results for pH change reactions were obtained
      by calculating a ratio of two wavelengths. New color reactions were best
      interpreted by demonstration of the new peak, whereas darkening reactions
      required quantitation of the area under the entire curve. With these methods, a
      99.3% overall agreement of individual reactions and a 97% agreement of
      identification were achieved. Multiple-point analysis of spectra coupled with
      computerized interpretation of the data should help resolve the problem of
      equivocal reactions in bacterial identification schemes optimized for spectral
      analysis.

PMID- 6386462
TI  - Brucellosis and parenteral drug abuse.

PMID- 6386463
TI  - Heterogeneity of apparently pure anaerobic cultures: a possible source of error
      in susceptibility testing.

PMID- 6386464
TI  - Macromolecular syntheses in the cell cycle mutant cdc25 of budding yeast.
AB  - A major control point of the cell cycle in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a G1 event
      called 'start'. At start a yeast cell integrates external and internal signals
      and decides to progress toward mitosis or to choose alternative pathways such as
      sporulation, conjugation etc. cdc25 is a class II temperature-sensitive start
      mutant that blocks at restrictive temperature in G1 as round unbudded cells. The
      arrest of the cell cycle appears to be independent of the carbon and nitrogen
      sources, and the cell wall of cdc25-arrested cells shows changes similar to those
      found in cells undergoing entry in to the stationary phase. After a shift to 36
      degrees C the increase in cell number of cdc25 cultures is gradually inhibited.
      The nuclear division cycle appears to be inhibited immediately after the shift
      and the percentage of budded cells decreases, while cytoplasmic growth, monitored
      either as increase of adsorbance at 450 nm or as protein accumulation, continues
      for many hours leading to a progressive increase of mean cell volume and mean
      protein content per cell. The stable RNA accumulation instead is immediately
      inhibited and this is partially due to a 50% inhibition of ribosomal RNA
      synthesis, while the rate of synthesis of ds-killer RNA is relatively unaffected.
      These data suggest that the CDC25 gene product could be a part of a mechanism
      that leads yeast cells to choose between the progression towards DNA replication
      and cell division or to enter into the stationary phase. This mechanism appears
      to turn off both rRNA accumulation and cell-cycle progression and to activate
      differentiative pathways in response to environmental restriction.

PMID- 6386465
TI  - Hexose metabolism in pancreatic islets. The phosphorylation of fructose.
AB  - Fructose, like glucose, rapidly equilibrates across the plasma membrane of
      pancreatic islet cells, but is poorly metabolized and is a weak insulin
      secretagogue in rat pancreatic islets. A possible explanation for such a
      situation was sought by investigating the modality of fructose phosphorylation in
      islet homogenates. Several findings indicated that the phosphorylation of
      fructose is catalyzed by hexokinase, but not fructokinase. First, at variance
      with the situation found in liver homogenates, the phosphorylation of fructose in
      the islet homogenate was unaffected by K+ and inhibited by glucose, mannose,
      glucose 6-phosphate or glucose 1,6-bisphosphate. Second, the Km for fructose was
      much higher in islets than in liver. Third, in islet homogenates the Km and Vmax
      for fructose were much higher than those for glucose or mannose phosphorylation,
      at low aldohexose concentrations, in good agreement with the properties of
      purified hexokinase. In intact islets fructose augmented the islet content in
      glucose 6-phosphate sufficiently to cause marked inhibition of its own rate of
      phosphorylation. These findings may account, in part at least, for the low rate
      of fructose utilization by rat pancreatic islets.

PMID- 6386466
TI  - Histidine residues in elongation factor EF-tu from Escherichia coli protected by
      aminoacyl-tRNA against photo-oxidation.
AB  - Complexes of Escherichia coli elongation factor EF-Tu with GTP or GTP and
      aminoacyl-tRNA were photo-oxidized by irradiation with visible light in the
      presence of rose bengal dye. EF-Tu was isolated, digested with trypsin, the
      resulting tryptic peptides were separated by high-performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC), and the position of most of the peptides on the
      chromatogram was determined. Irradiation of complexes resulted in the
      inactivation of the factor (as tested by its capacity to interact with aminoacyl
      tRNA) and was accompanied by the loss of its histidine residues (as revealed by
      amino acid analysis) and by the decrease in the amount of some tryptic peptides
      (as detected by HPLC). Aminoacyl-tRNA, bound to EF-Tu during the irradiation,
      protected the protein from inactivation, from the loss of histidine residues and
      some of its peptides from photo-oxidative degradation. Comparison of quantities
      of individual tryptic peptides recovered from the irradiated EF-Tu X GTP X
      aminoacyl-tRNA complex with those from the irradiated EF-Tu X GTP complex
      revealed that histidine-containing peptides T12 and T15 as well as methionine
      containing peptide T14 were in the ternary complex markedly protected against the
      photo-oxidative degradation. This finding suggests that their histidines, i.e.
      His-66 and His-118 respectively and at least one of the methionines (Met-91, 98
      or 112) present in peptide T14 are located near to or at the binding site of EF
      Tu for aminoacyl-tRNA and could be involved in the interaction between aminoacyl
      tRNA and the factor.

PMID- 6386467
TI  - Synergism between coenzyme and alcohol binding to liver alcohol dehydrogenase.
AB  - Heterotropic cooperativity effects in the binding of alcohols and NAD+ or NADH to
      liver alcohol dehydrogenase have been examined by equilibrium measurements and
      stopped-flow kinetic studies. Equilibrium data are reported for benzyl alcohol, 2
      chloroethanol, 2,2-dichloroethanol, and trifluoroethanol binding to free enzyme
      over the pH range 6-10. Binary-complex formation between enzyme and alcohols
      leads to inner-sphere coordination of the alcohol to catalytic zinc and shows a
      pH dependence reflecting the ionization states of zinc-bound water and the zinc
      bound alcohol. The affinity of the binding protonation state of the enzyme for
      unionized alcohols increases approximately by a factor of 10 on complex formation
      between enzyme and NAD+ or NADH. The rate and kinetic cooperativity with coenzyme
      binding of the alcohol association step indicates that enzyme-bound alcohols
      participate in hydrogen bonding interactions which affect the rates of alcohol
      and coenzyme equilibration with the enzyme without providing any pronounced
      contribution to the net energetics of alcohol binding. The pKa values determined
      for alcohol deprotonation at the binary-complex level are linearly dependent on
      those of the free alcohols, and can be readily reconciled with the pKa values
      attributed to ionization of zinc-bound water. Alcohol coordination to catalytic
      zinc provides a major contribution to the pKa shift which ensures that the
      substrate is bound predominantly as an alcoholate ion in the catalytically
      productive ternary complex at physiological pH. The additional pKa shift
      contributed by NAD+ binding is less pronounced, but may be of particular
      mechanistic interest since it increases the acidity of zinc-bound alcohols
      relatively to that of zinc-bound water.

PMID- 6386468
TI  - Baker's yeast flavocytochrome b2. A mechanistic study of the dehydrohalogenation
      reaction.
AB  - It has been shown that reduced flavocytochrome b2 not only catalyzes reduction of
      bromopyruvate [P. Urban, P.M. Alliel and F. Lederer (1983) Eur. J. Biochem. 134,
      275-281] but also transforms it into pyruvate in a reductive elimination process.
      The dehydrohalogenation reaction also takes place when oxidized enzyme acts on
      bromolactate, but the reaction is more difficult to observe under these
      conditions because of its low efficiency compared to the normal oxidative
      process. The maximal rates of pyruvate production from bromopyruvate and
      chloropyruvate differ by a factor of less than 10, whereas elimination from
      fluoropyruvate cannot be detected. These results support a mechanism in which the
      dehydrohalogenation reaction takes place from a carbanion intermediate of the
      normal reductive-oxidative pathway.

PMID- 6386469
TI  - The properties of the large subunit of maize ribulose bisphosphate
      carboxylase/oxygenase synthesised in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The maize chloroplast gene for the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate
      carboxylase/oxygenase has been expressed in Escherichia coli in vivo. This
      enables the properties of the native large-subunit polypeptide to be examined in
      the absence of small-subunit polypeptides, and avoids the use of denaturing
      agents. The product synthesised in bacteria is slightly larger (Mr 54300) than
      the form present in the chloroplast (Mr 53 300), suggesting the involvement of a
      precursor polypeptide. In addition several smaller polypeptides are synthesised,
      predominantly of molecular mass 41 and 30 kDa, but also some of 44 and 12-14 kDa.
      Pulse-chase experiments with [35S]methionine indicate that all the
      immunoprecipitable polypeptides are stable. The smaller products are probably the
      result of premature termination of translation. Virtually all of the large
      subunits are insoluble, whether synthesised at levels of 100-200 molecules per
      cell, or up to 60 000 molecules per cell. A small amount of the full-length
      polypeptide is soluble, but the major soluble product, as determined by sucrose
      gradient centrifugation, is a polypeptide of molecular mass 12-14 kDa. Ribulose
      bisphosphate carboxylase activity was undetectable in cell extracts, and binding
      of a mixture of the radiolabelled transition state analogues carboxyribitol 1,5
      bisphosphate and carboxyarabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate could not be detected. It is
      proposed that other components are required to prevent the large subunit from
      adopting an inactive, insoluble conformation after, or during, synthesis.

PMID- 6386470
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the respiratory D-lactate dehydrogenase gene of
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - The structural gene for the respiratory D-lactate dehydrogenase of Escherichia
      coli, a membrane-bound flavoenzyme, has been subcloned from a 7 X 10(3)-base-pair
      chromosomal HindIII fragment containing the gene [Young, I. G., Jaworowski, A.,
      and Poulis, M. (1982) Biochemistry 21, 2092-2095]. The complete nucleotide
      sequence of the 2340-base-pair PstI-SmaI subclone has been determined on both
      strands by the dideoxy chain termination method. A single large open reading
      frame is present in the nucleotide sequence. The reading frame is preceded by a
      good ribosome binding site and numerous possible promoter sequences, and is
      followed by a typical rho-independent termination sequence. The reading frame
      predicts that the D-lactate dehydrogenase polypeptide consists of 571 amino acids
      (including the initiating methionine residue) with Mr = 64613. The protein does
      not have a low overall polarity, nor does it contain unusually hydrophobic
      stretches. It appears to contain a short repeat which is homologous with the well
      characterized L-lactate dehydrogenases in the vicinity of the 'essential'
      cysteine residue. Apart from this, homology with other proteins of known sequence
      has not been detected.

PMID- 6386471
TI  - The primary structure of calf thymus glutaredoxin. Homology with the
      corresponding Escherichia coli protein but elongation at both ends and with an
      additional half-cystine/cysteine pair.
AB  - The primary structure of calf thymus glutaredoxin was determined by analysis of
      the [14C]carboxymethylated protein and the proteolytic fragments obtained by
      treatments with trypsin, chymotrypsin, CNBr and staphylococcal Glu-specific
      extracellular protease. The active center has the structure Cys-Pro-Tyr-Cys, with
      the redox-active cysteines/half-cystines located at positions 22 and 25 in the
      polypeptide chain. This active center is identical in amino acid sequence and
      similar in position to that of Escherichia coli glutaredoxin, suggesting this
      structure to be typical for glutaredoxins and distinguishing them from the
      distantly related thioredoxins. However, the two glutaredoxins also exhibit
      considerable differences. Calf thymus glutaredoxin is extended at both ends and
      has 31% overall residue identities with the corresponding E. coli protein. In
      contrast to the bacterial glutaredoxin, the calf thymus protein contains two
      additional half-cystines/cysteine residues at positions 74 and 78, which may be
      of regulatory significance.

PMID- 6386472
TI  - The accuracy of Q beta RNA translation. 1. Errors during the synthesis of Q beta
      proteins by intact Escherichia coli cells.
AB  - The fidelity of Q beta RNA translation by intact Escherichia coli cells has been
      studied. After infection, host protein synthesis was eliminated by adding
      rifampicin and the radioactive, phage-specified, proteins separated by one or two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis. Labelled histidine and tryptophan were
      incorporated into the phage coat protein, whose message does not specify these
      amino acids, at a frequency of 0.09-0.13 per molecule. Errors leading to a change
      in the pI of the coat protein occurred at a rate of 0.05 per molecule, while the
      coat protein UGA stop codon was misread 6.5% of the time. These error rates are
      similar to data in some recent publications but much higher than the canonical 3
      4 X 10(-4). They further provide a reference point in vivo to which the
      translation of the same message by E. coli extracts can be compared.

PMID- 6386473
TI  - The accuracy of Q beta RNA translation. 2. Errors during the synthesis of Q beta
      proteins by cell-free Escherichia coli extracts.
AB  - The accuracy of Q beta translation by Escherichia coli extracts in polymix and a
      conventional Tris/Mg2+ system has been followed. Misinsertions of histidine and
      of tryptophan into the phage coat protein were less frequent in polymix than in
      Tris/Mg2+, as were errors leading to a change in the coat protein pI. Even the
      lowest Q beta error rates, however, were still an order of magnitude greater than
      those for poly(U) or poly(U-G) translation. Comparing Q beta translational errors
      made in vitro to those found in whole cells, histidine misinsertions were almost
      twice as frequent, errors leading to a coat protein charge change six times more
      frequent and tryptophan misinsertions at least 15 times more frequent in vitro.
      The relation of these findings to measurements of translational accuracy and to
      factors affecting fidelity is discussed.

PMID- 6386474
TI  - Regulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA by insulin and the
      glucocorticoids in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes.
AB  - The levels of functional mRNA encoding glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH;
      EC 1.1.1.49) were examined in hepatocytes from fasted and fasted/carbohydrate
      refed rats and in hepatocytes inoculated into primary culture. Functional G6PDH
      mRNA was assessed in a cell-free protein synthesis system in vitro. We observed
      that hepatocytes from fasted/carbohydrate-refed rats had a 12-fold higher level
      of mRNA than did hepatocytes from fasted rats. The possibility that the adrenal
      glucocorticoids and insulin were responsible for the increase in G6PDH mRNA in
      refed rats was examined by studying the effect of insulin and the synthetic
      glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, on the level of functional G6PDH mRNA in primary
      cultures of rat hepatocytes maintained in a chemically defined medium.
      Hepatocytes from fasted rats were inoculated into primary culture and maintained
      for 48 h either in the absence of hormones or in the presence of insulin alone,
      dexamethasone alone or both hormones together. We observed that dexamethasone
      alone caused a fourfold increase in G6PDH mRNA while insulin caused about a
      twofold increase. Both hormones together elicited an increase that was additive.
      A comparison of functional G6PDH mRNA levels with the effect of the hormones on
      G6PDH activity and relative rate of enzyme synthesis suggests that the
      glucocorticoid elevates the level of G6PDH mRNA within the cell without causing a
      concommitant increase in the rate of synthesis of the enzyme or the level of
      G6PDH activity. The results obtained with the primary cultures of hepatocytes
      indicate that insulin and the glucocorticoids are probably involved with the
      regulation of hepatic G6PDH mRNA. However, involvement of other hormones, such as
      thyroid hormone, seems likely since the induced levels of G6PDH mRNA in
      hepatocytes in culture was one-third of that observed in refed rats.

PMID- 6386475
TI  - Labelling of penicillin-binding proteins with a photoreactive peptidoglycan
      peptide analogue.
AB  - Transpeptidases, DD-carboxypeptidases and endopeptidases from bacteria are
      usually detected by labelling with radioactive beta-lactam antibiotics, due to a
      selective stabilization of the enzyme-antibiotic complex, and are therefore
      generally known as penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). However, as a general
      rule, PBPs cannot be detected by labelling with real peptidoglycan substrate
      analogues other than beta-lactams, partly due to the fact that the acyl
      intermediates formed do not usually accumulate. We here report the chemical
      synthesis of a radioactive photoreactive derivative of the peptidoglycan
      substrate L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine which is able, due to the shortness of its
      activated state, to label a number of PBPs of Escherichia coli by quenching the
      reaction at the intermediate step. Furthermore, by using this derivative we have
      been able to label other PBPs of higher molecular mass (190, 170, 146, 125 and 87
      kDa) that were previously detected only by using either photoreactive derivatives
      of beta-lactam or bis-beta-lactam antibiotics.

PMID- 6386476
TI  - Ribosomal protein synthesis by a mutant of Escherichia coli.
AB  - The mutant strain of Escherichia coli, TP28, synthesises ribosomes by an abnormal
      pathway and accumulates large quantities of 47S ribonucleoprotein particles. The
      protein complement of mutant 70S ribosomes is normal but 47S particles contain
      only traces of proteins L28 and L33 and have a significantly reduced content of
      four other proteins. The mutation reduces the rates of synthesis of L28 and L33
      by about half but other widespread alterations ensue. In particular, ribosomal
      protein synthesis in the mutant strain becomes less well balanced than in its
      parent: some proteins, particularly those from promoter-proximal genes, are
      oversynthesized and their excess then degraded.

PMID- 6386477
TI  - Chemical synthesis of an octadecapeptide with the biological and immunological
      properties of human heat-stable Escherichia coli enterotoxin.
AB  - An eighteen-amino-acid peptide having the linear amino acid sequence of human
      heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) has been synthesized by solid phase peptide
      synthesis. The purified peptide could be obtained in yields approaching 25% after
      purification by size, charge, and high-performance ligand chromatography. This
      material was pure and identical to native ST by analytical high-performance
      ligand chromatography, amino acid analysis, paper electrophoresis and thin-layer
      chromatography. The formation of the disulfide bonds was critical for biological
      and immunological activity and were tentatively determined to be between
      cysteines 5 and 14, 6 and 10, and 9 and 17. This synthetic peptide had full
      immunological and biological activity when compared to native ST by enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay and the suckling mouse assay respectively.

PMID- 6386478
TI  - In vitro binding of 67Ga to Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.
AB  - The binding of 67Ga to Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (ETC) was studied in vitro.
      Acid mucopolysaccharide (AMPS) present at the cell surface of ETC was identified
      as heparan sulfate (HS). The extent of 67Ga binding to ETC reached a plateau (ca.
      10% of the added dose) at 1-2 h after the start of incubation. The binding was
      higher under neutral or alkaline conditions than under acidic conditions. Heparin
      and heparitinase treatment both significantly decreased the extent of 67Ga
      binding to ETC. Mild treatment with protease, including trypsin or papain, also
      decreased the binding. On the contrary, the treatment with trypsin under severe
      conditions markedly increased the extent of 67Ga binding to ETC. These results
      support the hypothesis that HS plays an important role as a 67Ga receptor in the
      mechanism of gallium binding to ETC.

PMID- 6386479
TI  - Oral chloramphenicol therapy for multiple liver abscesses in
      hyperimmunoglobulinemia E syndrome.
AB  - In a patient with Hyper-IgE-syndrome multiple liver abscesses developed in spite
      of prophylactic treatment with trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazol. Ultrasound
      confirmed the clinical diagnosis and percutaneous needle aspiration under
      ultrasonographic guidance and culture of the aspirated pus allowed specific
      antibiotic treatment by oral chloramphenicol alone without surgical drainage. The
      isolated Staph.aureus strain was resistant to trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazol.

PMID- 6386480
TI  - [Doppler sonogram in basilar artery thromboses].
AB  - We have investigated 6,380 patients with directional c-w Doppler sonography
      within the last 3 1/2 years, and have suspected obstruction of the basilar artery
      or of both distal vertebral arteries in 7 cases. Either bilateral sonographic
      silence or an absent diastolic flow component of the vertebral arteries were
      employed as criteria in the sonographic evaluation. Angiography of the vertebro
      basilar system, performed in 6 cases, confirmed the diagnoses: basilar artery
      occlusion was found in 4 patients, 1 patient revealed tight stenosis of the
      basilar artery in its entire length, and 1 patient exhibited occlusion of both
      distal vertebral arteries. Three further basilar artery occlusions were detected
      by means of angiography despite initially negative Doppler sonography within the
      same period of time; 1 of those patients, however, met the above criteria for
      basilar artery occlusion upon sonographic reevaluation on the following day.
      Thus, we believe that directional c-w Doppler sonography is very useful in the
      diagnosis of basilar artery obstruction.

PMID- 6386481
TI  - Prevention of thromboembolic complications with miniheparin-dihydroergotamine in
      patients undergoing lumbar disc operations.
AB  - We have evaluated the incidence of bleeding complications using miniheparin (2 X
      2500 IU daily)-dihydroergotamine starting preoperatively in a randomized,
      controlled, prospective, double-blind study in 50 patients undergoing herniated
      lumbar disc operations. There was no difference in the incidence of
      intraoperative bleeding problems between the two groups. Preoperatively, 13
      patients have been treated in another hospital with conventional low-dose
      heparin, and of these 13 patients, 7 developed bleeding complications. There were
      two deep wound hematomas in the placebo group. Early removal of stitches or
      operative revision of the wound was not necessary in either group. We conclude
      that the use of minidose heparin-dihydroergotamine is feasible for the prevention
      of thromboembolic complications in patients undergoing herniated lumbar disc
      operations, since an increased incidence of bleeding complications was not
      observed. This preventive method should therefore be further clinically
      evaluated.

PMID- 6386482
TI  - An update on the immunohistochemical localization of estrogen receptors in
      mammary carcinomas utilizing polyclonal anti-receptor antibodies.
AB  - An immunohistochemical (IF) method utilizing polyclonal antibodies to cytoplasmic
      estrogen receptors (ER) and a tissue processing procedure which allows in situ
      precipitation of cytoplasmic ER without denaturation of antigenic sites were
      first described in this journal. In this report we present data on the
      immunohistochemical classification of 153 cases of human breast carcinomas (123
      frozen sections, 28 cytological specimens) as ER-positive (IF+) or ER-negative
      (IF-). Results on correlation between the biochemical vs immunohistochemical
      assessment of the ER status and the relationship between quantity of ER and the
      proportion of IF+/IF- tumor cells are presented. In addition, a procedure which
      has been successfully applied to study in vitro translocation of cytoplasmic ER
      in cryostat sections of human breast carcinomas is described. A positive
      correlation between ER translocatability and status of progesterone receptors
      (PR) was obvious. All biochemical and immunohistochemical data are collectively
      reviewed and the question of whether the antibodies are detecting Type I ER is
      examined.

PMID- 6386483
TI  - Quantitative and qualitative effects of m-AMSA (amsacrine) on cellular immune
      components.
AB  - The recently developed acridine derivative 4'-[(9-acridinyl)amino] methanesulphon
      m-anisidine (m-AMSA) has become one of the preferred agents in the management of
      acute leukaemia but little is known of its effects on cellular immune components.
      We evaluated the qualitative and quantitative effects of m-AMSA on immune cell
      numbers and function, during both the leucopenic and myelorestorative phases,
      following intermittent high-dose therapy. Cell-mediated and inflammatory
      responses were depressed in the treated animals during the leucopenic phase but
      restoration of immune capability paralleled the recovery of circulating leucocyte
      numbers. Additionally, m-AMSA displayed unexpected immunomodulatory features:
      thymus-dependent antibody and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses were
      actually increased, suggesting the potential of m-AMSA as an immunoregulator in
      clinical and experimental studies.

PMID- 6386484
TI  - Pharmacodynamics and kinetics of etozolin/ozolinone in hypertensive patients with
      normal and impaired kidney function.
AB  - The effect on urinary electrolyte excretion, renin release and plasma
      norepinephrine of single oral doses of 400 mg etozolin (E) and of 40 mg
      furosemide (F) were studied in hypertensive patients with normal (n = 6) and
      impaired kidney function (n = 6). E caused a marked saluresis up to 24 hours,
      showing its long duration of action. F, however, displayed a brief, brisk peak
      diuresis, followed by a rebound from the 4th to the 24th hours. The brisk peak
      diuresis induced by F was associated with pronounced release of renin, almost
      twice that induced by E. In chronic renal failure the renin release in relation
      to the magnitude of the diuresis was increased, i.e. the sensitivity of these
      patients to changes in water homeostasis was increased. E and F stimulated the
      sympathetic system to roughly the same extent. Patients with essential
      hypertension had higher plasma levels of norepinephrine than hypertensive
      patients with chronic renal failure. In addition, hypertensive patients with
      normal renal function (n = 4) and varying degrees of renal impairment (n = 11)
      were also given 400 mg daily for 2 weeks. Effects on blood pressure and
      electrolyte homeostasis were monitored, as well as the plasma kinetics of
      metabolite I, ozolinone. At the end of the 2 week treatment E had significantly
      lowered systolic (-12 mm Hg) and diastolic (-9 mm Hg) blood pressure, and had
      produced a significant loss of body weight, without altering plasma electrolytes
      or blood chemistry. There was no accumulation of the effective metabolite
      ozolinone under conditions of severe impairment of kidney function.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6386485
TI  - Electrocardiographic effects of probucol. A controlled prospective clinical
      trial.
AB  - Probucol is known to prolong QT intervals in some patients and to produce fatal
      arrhythmias in selected animal species. To assess the prevalence and clinical
      relevance of this effect in a controlled manner, we analyzed electrocardiograms
      (ECGs) and medical events in patients during a placebo-controlled crossover trial
      comparing single or combined administration of probucol and colestipol. Forty-two
      Type II hyperlipoproteinemic patients were studied for eighteen to twenty-four
      months. Two cardiologists independently read the tracings which were previously
      arranged randomly without names or dates. There were no statistical differences
      between the reports of the ECG parameters by the two cardiologists. The mean QTc
      interval of the entire patient population was lengthened after probucol
      administration without reaching statistical significance when compared to
      placebos or colestipol treatments. Forty-eight % of the patients showed
      lengthening of the QTc interval during probucol treatment by 11 to 70 msec
      increment over baseline placebo. The remaining had either no change or shortening
      of the interval. There were no statistically significant differences in means of
      R-R, PR, QRS, QTc or QoT intervals among placebo, probucol., colestipol and
      probucol plus colestipol treatments. It is concluded that probucol prolonged QT
      intervals in the electrocardiograms of about one half of patients receiving the
      drug with no other clinical or statistically significant evidence of
      cardiotoxicity or electrocardiographic effects.

PMID- 6386486
TI  - Penbutolol and molsidomine synergism in angina pectoris. A double blind
      ergometric trial.
AB  - In order to test the additional efficacy of the combination of a beta blocker
      (penbutolol 40 mg single dose) with molsidomine (2 mg single dose), a double
      blind cross-over trial was performed in 30 patients with stable angina pectoris.
      Stress tests were done before and 1 h after the beta blocker alone and the
      combination therapy. Some training effect could be detected on comparing results
      from the first and second days. Combined therapy showed a better response of
      resting systolic arterial pressure, resting and maximal diastolic pressure, heart
      rate gain (from rest to maximal effort) and particularly in the angina severity
      score. All of these variables changed significantly in comparison to the beta
      blocker alone, 46 out of 60 post-drug ergometric studies were negative; of the 14
      positive tests, 11 followed the beta blocker and only 3 the combined therapy. The
      combination of a preload reducer molsidomine and a beta blocker may be adequate
      for patients only partially compensated or with cardiomegaly and/or a depressed
      ejection fraction.

PMID- 6386487
TI  - Long acting nifedipine in the treatment of severe hypertension.
AB  - The medication of patients receiving hydralazine, captopril and minoxidil was
      replaced by a new galenical form, long-acting nifedipine. An additional decrease
      in blood pressure was observed in most of the patients. Renal function was
      maintained in all of them. Adverse reactions may be reduced by the use of long
      acting nifedipine, which would permit a reduction in the dosage of captopril and
      minoxidil.

PMID- 6386488
TI  - Evidence for a peripheral component in the sympatholytic actions of clonidine and
      guanfacine in man.
AB  - The time courses of the changes in plasma growth hormone and noradrenaline
      concentrations in response to 15 min infusions of clonidine 0.2 mgs and
      guanfacine 2 mgs, were studied in six normal volunteers, in a double-blind,
      randomised, cross-over study. Plasma noradrenaline fell within 15 min of the
      commencement of drug administration, by 36 +/- 14% after clonidine (p less than
      0.05) and by 32 +/- 11% (p less than 0.05) after guanfacine. Plasma growth
      hormone was not significantly elevated until the 30th minute to 12.0 +/- 4.7
      lU/ml (p less than 0.05) after clonidine and 14.7 +/- 11.5 lU/ml (p less than
      0.05) after guanfacine, having been undetectable prior to both drugs. The
      reduction in plasma noradrenaline by these alpha 2-adrenergic agonists, prior to
      activation of central adrenoceptors as detected by changes in plasma growth
      hormone, is evidence for a peripheral component in their sympatholytic effect.

PMID- 6386489
TI  - Effects of captopril on pulmonary haemodynamics.
AB  - The effects of oral captopril on pulmonary haemodynamics were studied in two
      groups of 6 patients, one of subjects with chronic respiratory failure (PaO2 52
      +/- 5.1 mmHg, PaCO2 54 +/- 2.1 mmHg), and the others with chronic heart failure
      and high plasma renin activity. Two potential mechanisms of its actions were
      assessed, namely inhibition of hypoxic vasoconstriction and inhibition of the
      possible effects of angiotensin II on the pulmonary circulation. There were
      significant (p less than 0.05) decreases in mean arterial pressure, pulmonary
      wedge pressure and in systemic arterial resistance associated with improvement in
      cardiac index in both groups. In the chronic respiratory failure group there was
      no change in blood gases, mean pulmonary arterial pressure or pulmonary vascular
      resistance. An increase in driving pressure (p less than 0.05) indicated that
      captopril had had no effect on pulmonary haemodynamics. In chronic heart failure,
      mean pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were
      decreased by a similar extent, so that driving pressure and pulmonary vascular
      resistance were not changed. It is concluded that oral captopril did not inhibit
      hypoxic vasoconstriction, and that it modified pulmonary haemodynamics in chronic
      heart failure patients with high renin activity only as a consequence of
      reduction in systemic afterload.

PMID- 6386490
TI  - A double blind trial of UK-38,485, an orally active thromboxane synthetase
      inhibitor, in the treatment of Raynaud's syndrome.
AB  - Ten patients with moderate to severe Raynaud's syndrome were recruited into a
      four week randomised double blind crossover study to compare the efficacy of UK
      38,485 50 mg, a new thromboxane synthetase inhibitor with that of placebo. With
      the doses used there was no significant difference between the two treatment
      periods in the number, severity and duration of ischaemic attacks, the mean hand
      temperatures, forearm and digital blood flow and red blood cell rheology.

PMID- 6386491
TI  - Culture of thymic epithelial cells from mice and age-related studies on the
      growing cells.
AB  - Culture of epithelial cells from the thymus of mice was achieved in a medium
      modified to favor epithelial growth while inhibiting proliferation of
      fibroblasts. Epithelial cells were identified by the presence of desmosomes in
      electron microscopic preparations and by antibody to intermediate filaments
      containing keratin. Morphologically, the cells thus positively identified
      displayed two main patterns: carpets of large flat cells resembling paving stones
      which are confluent along the length of their membranes, and networks of cells
      interconnected by long cytoplasmic processes. These two types of cells were
      dominant in cultures derived from mice of all ages tested (newborn to nine
      months) but the relative proportion of each type appeared to change with the age
      of the donor mice and also with the concentrations of cortisone in the culture
      medium. Autoradiography revealed that the cultured cells were dividing, and that
      (in the presence of cortisone) the rate of DNA synthesis was decreased in a
      portion of the epithelial cells derived from mice in which thymic involution was
      already underway.

PMID- 6386492
TI  - Analgesic effects of kelatorphan, a new highly potent inhibitor of multiple
      enkephalin degrading enzymes.
AB  - Kelatorphan, [(R)-3-(N-hydroxy)-carboxamido-2-benzylpropanoyl]-L-alanine,
      represents the first virtually complete inhibitor of enkephalins metabolism with
      KI = 1.4 nM against enkephalinase, KI = 2 nM against the Gly2 -Gly3 cleaving
      dipeptidylaminopeptidase and KI = 7 microM on aminopeptidase activity. The
      analgesic effect of [Met5]enkephalin was potentiated 50000 times (ED50
      approximately 10 ng) by intracerebroventricular co-administration in mice of
      kelatorphan (50 micrograms). This effect was significantly higher than that
      produced by bestatin (50 micrograms) + thiorphan (50 micrograms). Kelatorphan
      alone was at least two-fold more potent as analgesic than the above mixture of
      inhibitors.

PMID- 6386493
TI  - Prostacyclin-induced contraction of guinea-pig ileum: influence of drugs
      affecting calcium flux in the smooth muscle.
AB  - The contraction of guinea-pig terminal ileum induced by prostacyclin (PGI2) (20
      nM) was inhibited by verapamil (0.01-1 microM) and by nifedipine (0.1-100 nM) in
      a concentration-dependent manner. Both drugs reduced the basal tone of the
      preparations only at the highest concentration tested. Papaverine (3-30 microM)
      reduced the basal tone as well as the PGI2-induced contractions at all the
      concentrations tested. The results show that extracellular calcium influx and
      possibly calcium mobilization from intracellular stores in smooth muscle cells
      are involved in the contractile response of the ileum to PGI2.

PMID- 6386494
TI  - Narcotic discrimination in pigeons: antagonism by naltrexone.
AB  - In pigeons trained to discriminate between morphine (10 mg/kg) and saline, both
      morphine and ethylketazocine produced dose-related morphine-appropriate
      responding. The maximum effect produced by meperidine, however, was only 60% of
      that produced by morphine or ethylketazocine. Naltrexone (0.1-1.0 mg/kg) produced
      dose-related shifts to the right in the dose-response curves for the
      discriminative stimulus and rate-decreasing effects of morphine and
      ethylketazocine without affecting the response produced by meperidine. Thus, in
      contrast to the effects observed in other species, morphine and ethylketazocine
      produce similar discriminative effects in the pigeon. In addition, the morphine
      like discriminative effects and the rate-decreasing effects of meperidine in the
      pigeon are not mediated by the naltrexone-sensitive mechanisms which mediate
      these effects of morphine or ethylketazocine.

PMID- 6386495
TI  - Centripetal myosin redistribution in thrombin-stimulated platelets. Relationship
      to platelet Factor 4 secretion.
AB  - We have examined the F-actin and myosin distribution in resting and thrombin
      activated platelets by double label immunofluorescence microscopy. In resting,
      discoid platelets, F-actin and myosin staining was distributed in a diffuse
      pattern throughout the interior of the cell with slight accentuation at the cell
      periphery. In contrast, platelet factor 4 antigen (PF4) was more centrally
      localized in a fine punctate distribution which is consistent with its
      localization in alpha-granules. Within 5 sec after thrombin stimulation both F
      actin and myosin staining were increased at the periphery of the now spherical
      platelets. Subsequently, a myosin-containing spherical structure decreased in
      diameter closely surrounding a phase-dense central zone. In contrast, F-actin
      staining continued to be accentuated at the cell periphery and was prominent in
      filopodia and blebs. As previously shown, PF4 staining was localized after 30 sec
      within large intracellular masses that corresponded to closed vacuolar structures
      at the ultrastructural level. Morphometric analysis of electron micrographs
      showed that formation of these vacuolar structures kinetically paralleled alpha
      granule disappearance and preceded PF4 release. These PF4-containing structures
      translocated to the cell periphery after 1-3 min, where they appeared to fuse
      with the plasma membrane. Ultrastructural analysis of thin sections showed that
      the myosin-rich spherical structure spatially and temporally correlated with a
      band of microfilaments that closely surrounded the organelle-rich central zone of
      the cell. Morphometric analysis of these micrographs showed that the absolute
      volume of this central zone decreased with time after thrombin addition, showing
      a significant change after 15 sec and reaching a maximum value after 3-5 min.
      Changes in the volume of this compartment kinetically preceded PF4 release. On
      the basis of these data, we propose that an actomyosin contractile force is
      generated which centripetally redistributes the myosinrich structure and
      organelle zone. Conceivably this inward force may not only accelerate granule
      granule fusion to form intracellular secretory vacuoles, but may also provide aid
      in their extrusion toward the platelet plasma membrane.

PMID- 6386496
TI  - Regulation of acetylcholinesterase activity by retinoic acid in a human
      neuroblastoma cell line.
AB  - The ability of retinoic acid (RA) to modulate acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
      activity in a human neuroblastoma cell line (LN-N-5) was examined. The specific
      activity of AChE was significantly increased 3 days after exposure of LA-N-5 to
      RA and reached its maximum values after 9 or more days of culturing. Dose
      response experiments demonstrated that large increases of AChE occurred at RA
      concentrations between 10(-7) and 10(-6) M with maximum AChE values detected at
      10(-6)-10(-5) M. Increased AChE activity paralleled neurite outgrowth in LA-N-5
      cultures. These findings demonstrate that RA can regulate specific AChE activity
      in human neuroblastoma cells in a manner consistent with neuronal maturation.

PMID- 6386497
TI  - Nuclear immunofluorescence by a monoclonal antibody against microtubule
      associated protein-1 as it is associated with cell proliferation and
      transformation.
AB  - Monoclonal antibody against microtubule-associated protein-1 produced
      intranuclear immunofluorescent spots, which disappeared under growth-inhibited
      conditions caused by serum starvation and saturated cell density in untransformed
      cells. A change of medium to 10% serum gave rise to the reappearance of nuclear
      spots before the resumption of DNA synthesis. This reversible change of
      immunofluorescence was also caused by a temperature shift in rat 3Y1 cells
      transformed by Simian virus-40-A640 (temperature-sensitive in large T-antigen).
      The fluorescence decreased during S phase of the cell cycle. In contrast the
      transformed cells always showed nuclear fluorescence, irrespective of serum
      concentrations or the cell cycle. Growth-inhibited cells previously treated with
      detergent and salt revealed nuclear fluorescent spots. This result suggested
      antigenic modification.

PMID- 6386498
TI  - Identification of plectin in different human cell types and immunolocalization at
      epithelial basal cell surface membranes.
AB  - The occurrence of plectin in various human tissues and cell lines was
      investigated using immunofluorescence microscopy and antibody gel
      overlay/immunoblotting techniques. Plectin was identified in all tissues and cell
      lines tested, namely placenta, kidney, cornea, foreskin and eyelid skin, skin
      fibroblasts, monocytes, keratinocytes and HeLa cells. In frozen sections of
      cornea and skin, plectin was found to be enriched at epithelial basal cell
      surface membranes. Consequently, antibodies to plectin could serve as a tool in
      the classification of mechanobullous diseases.

PMID- 6386499
TI  - Dual properties of cultured retinoblastoma cells: immunohistochemical
      characterization of neuronal and glial markers.
AB  - The dual properties of two human retinoblastoma cell lines, WERI-Rb1 and Y79,
      were investigated with immunohistochemistry. Two neuron-specific markers,
      dopamine-B-hydroxylase (DBH) and tetanus toxin, and an astrocyte-specific marker,
      the glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), were applied for immunohistochemical
      reactions. With peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) and immunofluorescence
      techniques, all of the WERI-Rb1 and Y79 cells showed consistently positive
      results with both neuronal and glial markers. The findings demonstrate that
      cultured retinoblastoma cells WERI-Rb1 and Y79 have both neuronal and glial
      properties.

PMID- 6386500
TI  - Coronary arteriography in the study of the epidemiology of coronary artery
      disease.
AB  - The greatest strength of coronary arteriography as an epidemiologic tool is that
      it allows coronary atherosclerosis to be studied rather than its clinical
      manifestations. Thus, the pathogenic sequence in which a normal coronary artery
      becomes progressively narrowed and then occluded can be examined in terms of the
      factors causing stenosis and/or infarction. Further refinements in the
      arteriographic techniques will probably occur, including improvements in the
      resolution of the images, additional methods for computer-assisted measurement of
      the extent of lesions, and possibly even the removal of the need to perform the
      technique by arterial puncture and direct coronary injection. If these
      noninvasive techniques become available, coronary arteriography may be even more
      available to study coronary atherosclerosis on a population basis. The validity
      and reproducibility of these techniques would, of course, have to be established.
      However, the numerous advantages of arteriography in the study of coronary
      atherosclerosis could then be applied to populations, allowing better definition
      of cases and controls, identification of subgroups of special importance (e.g.,
      left main disease), the opportunity to study anatomic features in random samples
      of the population, and further studies of the mechanism by which risk factors act
      in the natural history of coronary atherosclerosis. Indeed, studies of the
      effects of risk factor modifications have already successfully used arteriography
      rather than clinical criteria to measure disease end points. This trend will
      likely continue. Until these technologic advances are realized, there remains the
      need to identify and control for a number of biases which heretofore have limited
      the inferences which can be made from cross-sectional arteriographic studies. The
      sampling and measurement biases found in most case-control studies may be
      particularly prevalent in arteriographic studies (table 6). Further work is
      needed to determine the presence, extent, and direction of the biases in cross
      sectional studies that use present-day technology.

PMID- 6386501
TI  - Evidence for the risk of pelvic endometriosis by age, race and socioeconomic
      status.

PMID- 6386503
TI  - Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli of classic serotypes associated with infant
      diarrhea: epidemiology and pathogenesis.
AB  - A series of O:H serotypes of E. coli were incriminated by epidemiologic studies
      in the period 1945-1960 as a cause of epidemic diarrhea in infant nurseries as
      well as a major cause of sporadic infant diarrhea in the community. The term
      enteropathogenic E. coli was coined to refer to these infant diarrhea-associated
      serotypes. In the early 1970s, with the advent of laboratory tests to assess heat
      labile and heat-stable enterotoxin production and enteroinvasiveness of E. coli,
      the classic serotype enteropathogenic E. coli strains were found to lack those
      particular properties. These observations led some to question their
      pathogenicity. However, since 1978, enteropathogenic E. coli have come to be
      appreciated anew as a separate class of diarrheagenic E. coli that cause diarrhea
      by distinct pathogenic mechanisms. The pathogenesis of these strains, which have
      been shown to cause diarrhea in volunteers, appears to involve both an
      enteroadhesiveness step and production of a toxin identical to Shigella toxin. A
      55- to 65-Mdalton plasmid is involved in the attachment of enteropathogenic E.
      coli to intestinal mucosa which results in a pathognomonic histopathologic lesion
      visualized by electron microscopy. The lesion involves dissolution of enterocyte
      microvilli by the bacteria, effacement of the enterocyte outer membrane, and
      formation of a pedestal around the bacterium at point of contact with the outer
      membrane of the enterocyte. Case-control epidemiologic studies carried out since
      1975 document that enteropathogenic E. coli remain an important cause of sporadic
      infant diarrhea in the community with up to 30 per cent of cases of acute
      diarrhea in young infants in Brazil and South Africa being attributed to these
      pathogens. Although nursery epidemics of enteropathogenic E. coli diarrhea have
      virtually disappeared from industrialized countries, some sporadic
      enteropathogenic E. coli diarrhea in infants in the community continues to occur.
      The relative importance of enteropathogenic E. coli as a cause of sporadic
      diarrhea in both industrialized and developing countries needs to be reassessed.
      New diagnostic techniques are awaited to simplify this task.

PMID- 6386502
TI  - Dietary and endogenous cholesterol and human cancer.
AB  - Recent questions about the role of cholesterol (particularly blood cholesterol)
      in human cancer have assumed considerable scientific and public health
      importance. This paper has reviewed the evidence relating human cancer to
      cholesterol, in diet, blood, and feces. With respect to dietary cholesterol,
      there is moderately consistent evidence, both descriptive and analytic, of a
      small-to-medium increase in risk of cancers of the colon and female breast in
      association with increased dietary cholesterol. However, the close correlation of
      cholesterol with other foods and nutrients precludes causal inference. The
      association of fecal cholesterol with large bowel cancer, in both descriptive and
      analytic studies, is inconsistent. However, there is some evidence that
      individuals with reduced degradation of fecal cholesterol are at increased risk
      of colon cancer. Other bile-derived fecal components, particularly the acid
      sterols, show a somewhat more consistent relationship with large bowel cancer. It
      may be of relevance to the findings on blood cholesterol that bile is produced
      from hepatic cholesterol which derives, in part, from blood cholesterol. Studies
      of blood cholesterol and cancer have been either experimental (intervention) or
      observational (primarily follow-up). Deliberate lowering of blood cholesterol, by
      either drugs or diet, does not appear to alter the risk of cancer, either overall
      or of specific types. The findings from 20 published follow-up studies, each
      initiated as a cardiovascular disease study, have been more varied. In 12
      studies, an inverse association was observed between blood cholesterol level and
      overall cancer risk. Eight of those 12 were mortality studies, and in six, the
      inverse association was confined to deaths that occurred early in follow-up; this
      observation is consistent with lowered blood cholesterol having occurred as a
      metabolic response to a preclinical cancer. However, the results of the other two
      mortality studies do not exclusively support this interpretation. Furthermore, in
      three of the four incidence studies that reported an inverse association, the
      inverse association persisted for 10 or more years. This relationship was most
      marked for colon cancer in men and showed some evidence of being maximal in the
      proximal colon. The biologic plausibility of these particular observations on
      colon cancer risk in relationship to an antecedent naturally occurring low blood
      cholesterol gains some support from a body of epidemiologic, clinical, and
      experimental evidence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6386505
TI  - Secondary malignancies after marrow transplantation.
AB  - Secondary malignancies after marrow transplantation have been observed in 20
      patients: 19 patients underwent marrow transplantation for the treatment of a
      hemopoietic malignancy and one for aplastic anemia. All but three were given
      total body irradiation at doses of 8.0-15.75 Gy as part of the conditioning
      regimen. Secondary malignancies were composed of three groups: (a) Six patients
      had recurrence of leukemia (three acute lymphoblastic, two acute myeloblastic,
      and one chronic myelocytic) in cells of donor origin 62-1074 days after grafting.
      (b) Eight patients developed lymphoproliferative disorders (four of immunoblastic
      sarcoma type, one lymphoblastic, one follicular center cell, and one Hodgkin's
      lymphoma and one acute lymphoblastic leukemia) 54-730 days after grafting. In
      four of seven patients with appropriate studies these tumors were of donor-cell
      origin and in three of four tested the cells contained Epstein-Barr virus genome
      or expressed viral antigens. (c) Six patients developed solid tumors (two
      glioblastoma multiforme, two adenocarcinomas, one squamous cell carcinoma, and
      one sarcoma) 347-1875 days after grafting. All but two patients (one with
      glioblastoma and one with squamous cell carcinoma) have died. These data suggest
      that patients undergoing marrow transplantation for a hemopoietic malignancy may
      be at risk of developing secondary malignancies. The etiology appears to be
      multifactorial, including irradiation, immunosuppression, Epstein-Barr virus
      infections, and other factors.

PMID- 6386506
TI  - Characteristics of a monoclonal antibody (RM124) against acute myelocytic
      leukemia cells.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody was raised against cells from an experimental rat
      myelocytic leukemia (BNML). The major characteristics of the rat leukemia model
      resemble those of human acute myelocytic leukemia. The monoclonal antibody (MCA)
      RM124 was characterized with respect to its labeling pattern of BNML leukemia
      cells, normal rat bone marrow cells, and the hemopoietic stem cell (HSC), by flow
      cytometric methods and complement-dependent cytotoxicity assays. Flow cytometry
      revealed a much higher labeling of the leukemic cells by the MCA-RM124 compared
      with normal bone marrow cells, including CFU-S and CFU-C. Only a subpopulation of
      the normal granulocytes showed cross reactivity, however, at a lower labeling
      density. On using the cytotoxicity assays, it was evident that there was a
      selective killing of leukemic cells as compared with the activity towards the
      normal hemopoietic stem cells (CFU-S).

PMID- 6386504
TI  - Epidemiology of hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma.

PMID- 6386507
TI  - Allogeneic marrow transplantation for thalassemia.
AB  - Thirteen patients with homozygous beta thalassemia underwent allogeneic marrow
      transplantation from sibling donors, 12 of whom were heterozygous for beta
      thalassemia. Six patients were transplanted in an advanced stage of their disease
      while seven were transplanted early in their disease course. Donors and
      recipients were genotypically identical for the HLA-A, -B and -D loci in 11 cases
      and mismatched for the D locus in two. A variety of preparative regimens was
      utilized involving high doses of busulphan (Bu) and/or cyclophosphamide (CY)
      and/or total body irradiation (TBI). Failure of engraftment or autologous
      hematologic recovery after transient engraftment was seen after intensive
      preparative regimens including: CY 200 mg/kg and 800 rad of TBI; Bu 8 mg/kg and
      CY 200 mg/kg; and Bu 8 mg/kg, CY 200 mg/kg, and 300 rad of TBI. A regimen of Bu
      16 mg/kg, CY 200 mg/kg, and 400 rad of TBI resulted in deaths from transplant
      related causes in the three patients treated with this regimen. Seven of the 13
      patients are surviving 363-665 days after transplant. Five of the seven failed to
      achieve engraftment or had autologous reconstitution after transient engraftment.
      Five of the six deaths were transplant related, and one patient died of cardiac
      failure one year after an unsuccessful transplant attempt. Two patients are
      surviving with engraftment and without thalassemia major 363 and 491 days after
      transplantation. Both of these patients were transplanted early in their disease
      course.

PMID- 6386508
TI  - Functional impairment of T-lymphocytes in mouse radiation chimeras by a
      nucleotide-free diet.
AB  - We examined the effect of a nucleotide-free diet on the immune function of mouse
      syngeneic bone marrow radiation chimeras. The graft-versus-host disease mortality
      assay revealed that GVH activity of spleen cells from radiation chimeras fed NFD
      (RCNFD) was reduced at 6-18 weeks after transplantation as compared with the
      radiation chimeras fed a control diet (RCCD). When tested 11-18 weeks after
      transplantation, the proliferative response of RCNFD spleen cells to
      phytohemagglutinin was significantly reduced at 11 and 13 weeks, the response to
      pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was significantly reduced at 11, 13, and 15 weeks, and the
      response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide remained virtually unaffected. At both
      six and eight weeks after transplantation, RCNFD and RCCD showed comparable
      numbers of CFUc/femur. RCNFD and RCCD did not differ significantly from each
      other in body weights or in spleen and bone marrow cellularity at 6-18 weeks
      after transplantation. These results suggest that dietary nucleotides are
      important for the normal function of mouse T-lymphocytes.

PMID- 6386509
TI  - Marrow transplantation for stable-phase chronic granulocytic leukemia.
AB  - Ten patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia in the stable phase underwent
      marrow transplantation from HLA-identical siblings (nine cases) or an identical
      twin (one case) following preparation with cytarabine, cyclophosphamide, and
      total body irradiation. Marrow cytogenetics on all patients prior to
      transplantation revealed the Philadelphia chromosome without other evidence of
      aneuploidy. The immediate posttransplant course was in most cases relatively
      uncomplicated with only two serious infections and one death. All patients
      recovered with cytogentically normal marrow and leukemia has recurred only in the
      syngeneic transplant recipient. At present, nine patients are surviving from 358
      to 961 days (median 597 days) after bone marrow transplantation. Bone marrow
      transplantation is capable of eliminating the abnormal clone of myeloid cells in
      patients with stable-phase chronic granulocytic leukemia and can be performed
      relatively safely in this "healthy" group of patients.

PMID- 6386510
TI  - Case problems in bone marrow transplantation. I. Graft failure in aplastic
      anemia: its biology and treatment.
AB  - An unusual case of graft failure following bone marrow transplantation for
      aplastic anemia is reported in which the patient had delayed and incomplete
      recovery of hematopoiesis despite documentation of sustained engraftment. The
      pathophysiology of graft failure following bone marrow transplantation is
      discussed and recent advances in pretransplant immunosuppressive therapy to
      prevent graft rejection are reviewed.

PMID- 6386511
TI  - Continuous treatment of asthmatic patients with enprofylline and theophylline.
AB  - Twenty-five asthmatic outpatients were treated for 3 one-week periods with either
      enprofylline slowly eroding 300 mg tablets t.i.d., theophylline 300 mg tablets
      (Theo-Dur) t.i.d., or placebo in a double-blind, cross-over, randomized trial.
      Sixteen patients were able to complete 2 or 3 one-week periods. Evaluation of
      bronchodilating properties by home recordings of peak expiratory flow (PEF) and
      side effects suggested that enprofylline was an effective antiasthmatic xanthine
      derivative for continuous treatment, as it improved mean morning PEF
      significantly. Continuous treatment with the 2 xanthine derivatives resulted in
      mean steady state plasma levels within therapeutic range for theophylline, and 3
      4 times lower mean plasma levels for enprofylline. Enprofylline induced headache
      in 13 of 16 patients, theophylline in 9 of 19 patients, and placebo in 2 of 18
      patients. No serious side effects were seen.

PMID- 6386512
TI  - A comparison of sustained-release terbutaline with ordinary salbutamol in
      bronchial asthma.
AB  - The effects of a sustained-release preparation of terbutaline, depot tablets, 7.5
      mg 2 times/day were compared with ordinary salbutamol tablets 4 mg 3 times/day.
      The study, performed for 2 weeks, one week on each treatment, was double-blind,
      double-dummy, crossover with randomized allocation of the drugs. Twenty-five
      patients with chronic bronchial asthma completed the trial. The morning Peak-Flow
      was higher during the period on the depot tablets compared to that on the
      ordinary tablets (p less than 0.05). No differences were found in side effects.

PMID- 6386513
TI  - Stimulus-secretion coupling in the pancreatic B-cell.

PMID- 6386514
TI  - Stimulus-secretion coupling in the pancreatic B-cell: introductory remarks.

PMID- 6386517
TI  - The Medicaid cutoff and abortion services for the poor.
AB  - Since 1977, the Hyde Amendment's restrictions on federal funding of abortions
      have prevented poor women from obtaining abortions through the federal Medicaid
      program. This article describes research undertaken to determine the impact of
      these restrictions on low-income women. Patients who had Medicaid-funded
      abortions at a clinic in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1977 (when Medicaid funding of
      abortions was available) were compared with Medicaid-eligible patients who had
      abortions at the same clinic in 1982 (when public funding of abortions was
      allowed only if the woman's life would be endangered by continuation of the
      pregnancy). Their experiences were also compared with those of higher income
      women attending the same clinic in both years. Finally, some of the 1982 patients
      were interviewed in 1983 to determine how they went about raising the money that
      they needed to pay for their abortions. In 1977, Medicaid-eligible patients
      experienced no delay in obtaining abortions compared with other women, even when
      demographic differences are considered. However, in 1982, they were significantly
      delayed; on average, the Medicaid-eligible women who were delayed had abortions 2
      3 weeks later than the others. Fifty percent of patients eligible for Medicaid in
      1982 had abortions at 10 weeks of gestation or later, compared with 37 percent in
      1977. Medicaid-eligible women who were interviewed in depth had abortions about a
      week later than the other women. Increased delays occurred both between their
      first suspicion of pregnancy and their pregnancy test and between their decision
      to have an abortion and the procedure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6386516
TI  - Pubertal changes in the medio-basal hypothalamic area after neonatal
      suprachiasmatic nucleus lesions in the rat.
AB  - In order to get more insight into the mechanism by which the onset of puberty is
      controlled, a developmental study on the displacement of catalase- and dopamine
      containing cells in the hypothalamic region was done in rats which received a
      neonatal lesion of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. The displacement of cells is
      delayed after these lesions. However, the time lost at the beginning of the
      displacement is made up at the end of the migration.

PMID- 6386518
TI  - LHRH inactivation by reconstituted horse and fetal bovine sera: assessment by
      reduction of immunoreactivity and biological activity in pituitary cell cultures.
AB  - Lyophilized horse and fetal bovine sera are commonly incorporated into the growth
      media used for primary pituitary cell cultures. LHRH degrading activity has been
      assumed to exist in these preparations but has not actually been demonstrated.
      During our studies with pituitary cultures, it became necessary to ascertain if
      LHRH inactivating activity could be demonstrated in these sera. Luteinizing
      hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) was preincubated in either serum-free medium or
      medium containing fetal bovine and horse serum. Whether LHRH was lost during
      these incubations was assessed by diminished immunoreactivity as indicated by
      radioimmunoassay (RIA) and by diminished biological activity as indicated by
      reduced release of LH from pituitary cell cultures. Both the RIA and bioassay
      results indicated LHRH inactivating activity; the loss of LHRH could be prevented
      by inclusion of bacitracin in the incubations.

PMID- 6386515
TI  - Significance of ionic fluxes and changes in membrane potential for stimulus
      secretion coupling in pancreatic B-cells.

PMID- 6386519
TI  - Analysis of phosphorylation sites on fibronectin.

PMID- 6386520
TI  - Bending of smooth muscle myosin rod.
AB  - Electron microscopy of mammalian smooth muscle myosin rods showed them to be 153
      +/- 7 nm (SD) long, and to bend sharply (greater than 90 degrees) but
      infrequently, and pH independently (range 6.5-9.5), at a single site 45 +/- 4 nm
      from one end of the molecule. Light meromyosin (LMM) preparations were 99 +/- 10
      nm long, and showed no bends. Intrinsic viscosity vs temperature plots for rods
      and LMM indicated that neither fragment changed in flexibility in the range 4-40
      degrees C. Peptide mapping in the presence and absence of SDS established that
      the proteolytic susceptibility of the hinge at the N terminus of LMM reflects the
      presence of locally different structure, and not simply a clustering of
      susceptible residues. The isolated smooth muscle myosin rod thus contains only a
      single hinge, having significant stiffness, and lacks the second bend seen under
      certain conditions in the intact molecule.

PMID- 6386521
TI  - Anti-LPS factor in the horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus. Its hemolytic
      activity on the red blood cell sensitized with lipopolysaccharide.
AB  - Anti-LPS factor, which inhibits the endotoxin mediated coagulation system in the
      horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus, was found to lyse red blood cells
      sensitized with gram-negative bacterial LPS, but not to lyse unsensitized cells.
      This hemolysis occurred even at 0 degree C and was completed within 1 min. The
      binding of anti-LPS factor to LPS must be essential for the hemolysis, because
      free LPS inhibited the hemolytic action of anti-LPS factor.

PMID- 6386522
TI  - Analysis of an inhibin preparation reveals apparent identity between a peptide
      with inhibin-like activity and a sperm-coating antigen.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of a large form of inhibin-like peptide in human seminal
      plasma was determined, and compared with structures reported for similar inhibin
      preparations and a seminal plasma globulin. The data confirm and correlate
      previous reports on this form of inhibin-like peptide. The structural comparisons
      further suggest that the peptide is closely similar to or possibly identical to a
      sperm-coating antigen reported to be synthesized from prostatic epithelium. This
      may correlate with non-gonadal origins of inhibin-like material and will help to
      elucidate the biological roles of inhibin(s).

PMID- 6386523
TI  - Protein kinase activity of the insulin receptor from muscle.
AB  - The insulin receptor is associated with a protein kinase activity. This has been
      shown for the receptor of liver, fat, and some other tissues which are not
      primary targets of insulin action. Here kinase activity is demonstrated for the
      insulin receptor of rat skeletal and cardiac muscle with similar characteristics.
      Insulin (10(-7) mol/l) stimulates phosphorylation of the 95-kDa receptor subunit
      3- to 18-fold. The effect is detectable at 10(-10) mol/l insulin; the ED50 is
      approx. 3 X 10(-9) mol/l. The kinase phosphorylates exogenous substrate as well,
      and it is recovered after immunoprecipitation of the receptor with antireceptor
      antibody suggesting that kinase activity is intrinsic to the muscle receptor.

PMID- 6386524
TI  - Pertussis toxin catalyzes the ADP-ribosylation of two distinct peptides, 40 and
      41 kDa, in rat fat cell membranes.
AB  - Pertussis toxin catalyzes the ADP-ribosylation of a single 41-kDa peptide of
      membranes prepared from rat hepatocytes, S49 mouse lymphoma wild-type and cyc
      mutant cells. This 41-kDa peptide has been shown to be the alpha-subunit of the
      inhibitory, guanine nucleotide binding regulatory component of adenylate cyclase
      (Ni). Incubating membranes of rat fat cells with pertussis toxin and [32P]NAD+
      radiolabels a 41- and a 40-kDa peptide. Possible homologies between these
      peptides were investigated by comparing the electrophoretic patterns of
      proteolytic fragments derived from each of them that are radiolabeled by
      [32P]NAD+ and pertussis toxin. The 40-kDa substrate for pertussis toxin-catalyzed
      ADP-ribosylation and the alpha-subunit of Ni in rat fat cells appear to be
      homologous, but non-identical peptides.

PMID- 6386525
TI  - A new approach for using cofactor dependent enzymes: example of alcohol
      dehydrogenase.
AB  - The use of enzymes requiring a cofactor as substrate in organic synthesis is
      still a problem since the cofactors are expensive. This study deals with a new
      approach consisting of using fragments of NAD+. Three fragments of NAD(H) are
      examined. The activities of NMN+ and NMNH are greatly improved by the addition of
      adenosine in ethanol oxidation and in cyclohexanone reduction, respectively.
      Nicotinamide mononucleoside is not active in the ethanol oxidation but the
      addition of AMP promotes this reaction.

PMID- 6386526
TI  - Sequence preferences in the binding to DNA of triostin A and TANDEM as reported
      by DNase I footprinting.
AB  - Six or seven triostin-binding sites have been identified in a 160-base-pair DNA
      restriction fragment containing the tyr T promoter sequence. Each is centred
      round a CpG step, and the minimum binding site-size appears to be six base pairs.
      The sites are practically the same as those reported for echinomycin by DNase I
      digestion. Only two sites are protected by binding of TANDEM, the des-N
      tetramethyl analogue of triostin A; they are centred around the sequences ATA or
      TAT.

PMID- 6386527
TI  - Distinct effects of acetylcholine and glucose on 45calcium and 86rubidium efflux
      from mouse pancreatic islets.
AB  - The similarities between the effects of acetylcholine and glucose on phospholipid
      metabolism in pancreatic islet cells prompted the comparison of their effects on
      ionic fluxes. Acetylcholine (1 microM) consistently increased 45Ca2+ efflux from
      mouse islets, whereas glucose increased it in the presence, but decreased it in
      the absence of extracellular Ca2+. Acetylcholine consistently accelerated 86Rb+
      efflux, and this effect was augmented by Ca2+ omission. On the other hand,
      glucose markedly inhibited 86Rb+ efflux, except when its concentration was raised
      from 10 to 15 mM in the presence of Ca2+. Unlike their effects on phospholipid
      metabolism, the ionic effects of the two insulin-secretagogues are thus very
      different.

PMID- 6386528
TI  - Adrenergic control of coronary arteries.
AB  - This review of adrenergic control of coronary arteries is based on studies
      conducted on isolated vessels. Both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors are
      present in the coronary vasculature but with different distributions. The large
      coronary arteries have a larger percentage of alpha receptors, which mediate
      contraction, whereas the small coronary arteries are equipped almost exclusively
      with beta receptors, which mediate relaxation. The beta receptors are of the
      subclass beta 1. Both alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptors are present in the large
      coronaries. The alpha 2 receptors are prejunctional and inhibit neuronal release
      of norepinephrine (NE), and are also postjunctional and mediate contraction of
      the vascular smooth muscle. Evidence is reviewed suggesting that coronary alpha
      and beta receptors may be different conformational states of the same parent
      macromolecule in which the alpha state predominates at lower temperatures.
      Contrary to these results we have observed that whereas the response of the large
      coronary artery to NE at 39 C is predominantly constriction, it is predominantly
      dilation at 29 C. The characteristic of the adrenergic receptor is clearly
      temperature dependent.

PMID- 6386529
TI  - Effects of the adrenergic transmitter on epicardial coronary arteries.
AB  - Rings of isolated epicardial coronary arteries made to contract with
      prostaglandin F2 alpha relax when their sympathetic nerves are stimulated. This
      response, which is the opposite of that seen in other systemic blood vessels,
      results from activation by norepinephrine (NE) of beta 1 adrenoceptors, which
      predominate over alpha 1 adrenoceptors in the main coronary arteries. A modest
      contraction occurs only when the beta 1 adrenoceptors are blocked. As each branch
      leaves the main artery, only beta 1 adrenoceptors are present, so that the sole
      effect of NE is to cause relaxation. Like the terminations of other sympathetic
      nerves, those to the main coronary arteries or their branch vessels contain alpha
      2 adrenoceptors that when activated reduce the output of neurotransmitter. When
      these prejunctional receptors are inhibited with phentolamine, there is a greater
      relaxation in response to activation of the sympathetic nerves, which is caused
      by increased release of NE. Thus, the in vivo observation that phentolamine
      increases coronary blood flow may be explained by the action of this drug on
      prejunctional alpha 2 adrenoceptors rather than on alpha 1 adrenoceptors on the
      smooth muscle cells themselves.

PMID- 6386531
TI  - The effect of freezing on sperm-associated immunoglobulin G (IgG).
AB  - Previously frozen and fresh sperm from infertile and fertile men were assayed for
      sperm-associated immunoglobulin G (IgG) to determine the effect of a simple
      freezing technique on the assay results. A direct radiolabeled antiglobulin assay
      (DRAA) and a direct fluorescein-labeled antiglobulin assay (DFAA) utilizing a
      fluorescein-activated flow cytometer were employed. The amount of IgG detected by
      the DRAA and the percentage of sperm that fluoresced in the DFAA generally
      declined when frozen sperm were used, but only the DFAA showed a statistically
      significant decrease. However, the degree of decline was predictable (r = 0.91 in
      both assays), and whether the test remained positive or negative when frozen
      sperm were used was not significantly affected.

PMID- 6386530
TI  - Immunolocalization of a sperm membrane protein in human male reproductive organs.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody that induces agglutination of human sperm was used to
      localize the interacting antigen in various tissues by indirect
      immunofluorescence. The antibody localized to the immature sperm and Sertoli
      cells of the seminiferous tubules, simple cuboidal epithelial cells of the rete
      testis, and the columnar epithelial cells of the ductuli efferentes. The present
      results show that the interacting protein is found associated with germ cells
      undergoing spermatogenesis.

PMID- 6386532
TI  - Transvaginal ultrasound scanning of ovarian follicles.
AB  - The transvaginal approach to ultrasound scanning is a practical method
      complementary to the transabdominal technique for the minority of cases where,
      regardless of technological refinements, anatomic constraints require an
      alternative port of access to the pelvic cavity.

PMID- 6386533
TI  - [A worthy contribution to neurophysiology and biophysics (Platon Grigor'evich
      Kostiuk)].

PMID- 6386534
TI  - [The parafascicular complex of the thalamus].

PMID- 6386535
TI  - [25-year history and activities of the Prosthodontic Clinic of the Semmelweis
      University of Medicine].

PMID- 6386536
TI  - [Prosthodontic anamnesis and prognosis].

PMID- 6386537
TI  - [Stomatological developmental anomalies and guidelines for their prosthetic
      rehabilitation].

PMID- 6386538
TI  - [Prosthetic classification of patients with partial jaw resection].

PMID- 6386539
TI  - [Development of the dental arch in males aged 14-18 years from the prosthodontic
      viewpoint].

PMID- 6386540
TI  - [Possibilities of external telescopic fixation to the prosthetic base plate].

PMID- 6386541
TI  - [Flexible and rigid connections in the regulation of motor activity].
AB  - The present investigation deals with the problem of versatile and rigid
      connections (N.P. Bechtereva), their functions and interrelations during repeated
      stereotype movements. The necessity of the versatile connections in the course of
      motor activity is demonstrated. Versatility depends on permanent variations of
      the contractile capacity of muscles during physical work as a result of
      fluctuations of the internal environment (intramuscular temperature, oxygen
      saturation, metabolite concentration), of a different initial elongation of
      muscle fubers and a simultaneous contraction of muscles not directly related to
      the test muscle activity. It was shown that different loadings and different
      levels of training lead to a variability of the relationship between rigid and
      versatile connections.

PMID- 6386542
TI  - [Taurine and the function of excitable tissues].
AB  - Integration of electrophysiological and neurochemical studies secured
      considerable success in analysis of inhibitory and activating effects of some
      aminoacids on the c. n. s. Taurine, in particular, was shown to participate in
      some important physiological and pathophysiological phenomena. In this review,
      the literature data as well as the author's own data on participation of taurine
      in some physiological reactions, are presented. Main hypotheses of the molecular
      mechanisms of the taurine effect upon excitable structures, are discussed.

PMID- 6386543
TI  - [Stereotaxic method in human neurophysiology].

PMID- 6386544
TI  - [Natal'ia Petrovna Bekhtereva (on her 60th birthday)].

PMID- 6386545
TI  - [Reflection of the semantic characteristics of the thinking process in the
      impulse activity of neurons].
AB  - The paper deals with the progress in research into the problem of reflection of
      semantic characteristics of psychological tests in impulse activity of neurons
      and neuronal assemblies. The high dynamicity of brain correlates of thinking in
      most brain zones is stressed. Advantages and limits of different technical
      approaches as well as the most urgent tasks to be solved are discussed.

PMID- 6386546
TI  - [Lateralization of emotional functions].
AB  - Recordings of the P300 waves in left and right hemispheres in response to neutral
      and emotionally significant words corroborate the rightfulness of the principle
      stating that any psychic function, for instance emotion, is organized and
      controlled by means of a close and complementary collaboration of both
      hemispheres. A predominance of a hemisphere manifests itself in organizing a
      certain stage of the integral emotional function.

PMID- 6386547
TI  - [The effect of oral synthetic protease inhibitor (FOY 305) on endocrine pancreas
      and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in normal and streptozotocin-induced
      diabetic rats].
AB  - The effect of long-term oral synthetic protease inhibitor (FOY 305)
      administration on fasting blood sugar (FBS), body weight, glucose tolerance,
      plasma insulin and glucagon levels, pancreatic insulin and glucagon contents,
      hepatic enzyme activities, and plasma lipids in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)
      induced diabetic rats was studied. Normal rats treated with oral FOY 305 for 9
      weeks were found to have pancreatic hypertrophy and decreased body weight gain as
      compared with the untreated normal controls. FBS, glucose tolerance, plasma
      insulin and glucagon levels, pancreatic insulin and glucagon contents, and plasma
      lipids were uninfluenced in FOY 305 treated normal rats. STZ-induced diabetic
      rats treated with oral FOY 305 were found to have decreased FBS for 5 weeks after
      the beginning of FOY 305 administration as compared with the untreated diabetic
      controls, whereas at the 7th and 9th week after treatment there was no difference
      in FBS between FOY 305 treated and untreated diabetic rats. In the metabolic
      balance observed at the 4th week after treatment, a slight improvement of the
      diabetic state was found in FOY 305 treated diabetic rats. There was no apparent
      difference in the blood sugar curve and insulin response following oral glucose
      load between diabetic rats treated for 7 weeks and untreated diabetic rats. All
      the rats were sacrificed after 9 weeks of treatment. Diabetic rats treated with
      oral FOY 305 for 9 weeks showed pancreatic hypertrophy and decreased plasma
      glucagon level and decreased pancreatic glucagon content as compared with the
      untreated diabetic controls, whereas there was no difference in body weight,
      plasma insulin level and pancreatic insulin content between FOY 305 treated and
      untreated diabetic rats. Furthermore, oral FOY 305 treatment improved
      hyperlipidemia in STZ-induced diabetic rats and also significantly improved the
      hepatic pyruvate kinase and phosphoenlpyruvate carboxykinase activities of
      diabetic rats. These improvements might partly be due to a decreased pancreatic
      content and secretion of glucagon and/or a direct action of the synthetic PI, FOY
      305 to tissues.

PMID- 6386548
TI  - Dental auxiliary evolution: a historical perspective.

PMID- 6386549
TI  - The changing look of dental assisting.

PMID- 6386550
TI  - ADAA past presidents.

PMID- 6386552
TI  - The periodontal curet and the ultrasonic scaler. Their effectiveness in removing
      overhangs from amalgam restorations.

PMID- 6386551
TI  - American Dental Assistants Associations: crystals of history. By Juliette A.
      Southard. 1939.

PMID- 6386553
TI  - Porcelain, Cerestore and now, cast ceramic.

PMID- 6386554
TI  - The Spectratone universal colour system.

PMID- 6386555
TI  - Lack of negative feed-back regulation of insulin on the responses of gastric
      inhibitory polypeptide, insulin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide to a meal in
      insulin treated diabetics.
AB  - The effect of insulin on the secretion of immunoreactive gastric inhibitory
      polypeptide, insulin (as measured by C-peptide), glucagon and pancreatic
      polypeptide during and after a test meal was examined in seven diabetic patients
      treated with high insulin doses (mean 1.12 +/- 0.12 IU/kg X 24 h) before and
      after a reduction of the insulin dose (to 0.62 +/- 0.04 IU/kg X 24 h, p less than
      0.02). While plasma insulin concentrations were significantly higher on the
      higher dose, no significant differences were found in the responses of
      immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide, C-peptide, glucagon and pancreatic
      polypeptide to the two meals. Blood glucose concentrations were not significantly
      different at the two tests. It thus seems that insulin has no direct effect on
      the secretion of these substances after a meal in insulin-treated diabetics.

PMID- 6386556
TI  - Hepatic extraction of insulin in non-insulin dependent diabetes. Comparative
      study of obese and non-obese patients.
AB  - Changes in the secretion and metabolism of insulin were measured by estimating
      serum C-peptide and insulin and their ratio during oral GTT in 30 non obese and
      12 obese NIDDM patients. The mean IRI and CP responses were low in both groups of
      patients, compared to weight-matched controls. The reduction in CP was more
      marked than the reduction in IRI. The molar ratio of insulin and CP was found to
      be elevated in the patients, probably indicating reduced hepatic and peripheral
      extraction of insulin. It was noted that the elevated IRI/CP ratio was a 1) a
      common feature in NIDDM, irrespective of the body weight, 2) it is present even
      under basal conditions when the insulin levels are the lowest, 3) it appears to
      be independent of the concentration of insulin reaching the liver, and 4) obese
      patients appear to have an exaggerated defect compared to their non obese
      counterparts.

PMID- 6386557
TI  - Insulin binding in epithelial cells isolated from human gallbladder.
AB  - The binding of 125I-insulin was studied in epithelial cells isolated from human
      gallbladder. Kinetic studies at 22 degrees C showed that binding of 125I-insulin
      to gallbladder cells was rapid (maximum 1 h.) and reversible. In the presence of
      added excess of unlabelled insulin, 50% of initially bound insulin is dissociated
      in 10-15 min. At apparent equilibrium (1 h at 22 degrees C) unlabelled insulin
      (10(-10) to 10(-7) M) inhibited competitively tracer (5 X 10(-11) M) binding,
      with 50% inhibition at about 2 X 10(-9) M. Scatchard analysis gave curvilinear
      plots, that may be attributed either to negative cooperativity, or to two orders
      of binding sites: In the first case, the extreme average affinities are Ke = 1.8
      X 10(8) M-1, and Kf = 3.2 X 10(7) M-1 for 49,000 sites/cell. In the latter case,
      gallbladder cells present 8,000 sites/cell of high affinity (Kd = 1.16 X 10(-9)
      M) and 42,000 sites/cell of low affinity (Kd = 3.3 X 10(-8) M). In addition, in
      the same cellular preparation at 37 degrees C, insulin at a concentration of 10(
      8) M significantly stimulated (p less than 0.01) 3H-leucine incorporation into
      acid-insoluble fraction by 1.4 +/- 0.1 fold at 30 min. A maximal effect is
      obtained at 10(-7) M insulin (2.11 +/- 0.06 fold). Our results suggest a
      stimulatory effect of insulin or related "insulin-like" peptides on growth in
      human gut.

PMID- 6386558
TI  - A comparison of the biological actions and pharmacokinetics of intravenously
      infused highly purified beef and biosynthetic human insulins in normal man.
AB  - By means of the euglycaemic insulin clamp technique the rate of insulin-mediated
      peripheral glucose disposal (GDR) was compared in response to intravenous
      infusions of highly purified beef insulin (BI) and biosynthetic human insulin
      (BHI), infused at 1 and 6 mU/kg/min, in healthy volunteers. The metabolic
      clearance rates of BI and BHI were similar at the lower insulin infusion rate and
      were both greater than those observed at the higher insulin infusion rate, which
      were also similar, implying the process of insulin clearance to be saturable. The
      GDRs were similar in response to infusions of BI and BHI at each insulin infusion
      rate. The rates of insulin deactivation were similar, having discontinued BI and
      BHI infusions at 1 mU/kg/min.

PMID- 6386559
TI  - The effect of starvation on the gastro-entero-pancreatic hormonal and metabolic
      responses to exercise. (GEP hormones in starvation and exercise).
AB  - Gastro-entero-pancreatic hormonal and metabolic responses to bicycle ergometer
      exercise for one hour following twelve hours fasting (P1) and 36 hours fasting
      (P2) were compared. During P1 plasma secretin and blood glycerol increased. Pre
      exercise concentrations of plasma C-terminal glucagon-like-immunoreactivity (C
      GLI), secretin, blood glycerol, 3-hydroxybutyrate and lactate were higher after
      36 hours fasting than 12 hours fasting. During P2 glycerol rose sharply while
      secretin, C-GLI and 3-hydroxybutyrate remained higher than during P1. A role for
      secretin and C-GLI in accelerated lipolysis during fasting and exercise is
      possible.

PMID- 6386560
TI  - Effects of daily corticosterone injections upon plasma glucose, insulin, uric
      acid and electrolytes and food intake pattern in the chicken.
AB  - The effect of daily injections of corticosterone (about 0.85 or 4.3 mg/day) on
      corticosterone-insulin interactions were investigated in ad libitum-fed chickens.
      The short term (0-5 hr after the injection) hyperglycaemic effect of
      corticosterone was accompanied by an increase in plasma uric acid levels but was
      not associated with consistent changes of alpha-amino non protein nitrogen,
      potassium, sodium or insulin. On the 8th and 15th days of experiment and after an
      overnight fast (i.e. about 20 hrs after an injection of corticosterone), the
      responses to a test-meal were measured and glucose tolerance was estimated. Birds
      receiving 4.3 mg corticosterone showed increased plasma glucose levels when
      fasting and just after (15 min) the test-meal and the glucose load. Glucose
      tolerance was slightly improved in birds injected with 0.85 mg corticosterone. In
      both tests, plasma levels of alpha-amino non protein nitrogen and possibly, uric
      acid (initial post-stimulation stages in birds treated with 4.3 mg
      corticosterone) were increased by corticosterone treatment, suggesting catabolism
      of amino acids. Additionally, in both tests, plasma insulin levels were increased
      in corticosterone-treated animals. Fasting plasma potassium levels were only
      decreased by the 4.3 mg dose of corticosterone. Plasma sodium levels were
      decreased 45-90 min following the test-meal, in all animals including controls.
      This effect remains unexplained. Following both the test-meal and the glucose
      tolerance test, plasma potassium levels decreased transiently. This effect may be
      compared to the hypokalaemic effect of exogenous insulin in mammals.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6386561
TI  - Is serum free estriol measurement essential in the management of hypertensive
      disorders during pregnancy?
AB  - A prospective study of antepartum fetal evaluation of 306 randomized hypertensive
      pregnancies was carried out. One hundred and fifty-four patients (group 1) were
      managed in accordance with a protocol (protocol A) which included non-stress test
      (NST), oxytocin challenge test (OCT), serum unconjugated (free) estriol
      measurements (E3), and ultrasound measurement of the fetal head-to-abdomen
      circumference ratio (H/A c.r.). A second group (group 2), composed of 152
      patients, was managed using another protocol (protocol B) which included the NST,
      OCT and ultrasound measurement of the fetal head-to-abdomen circumference ratio
      (H/A). We found a good correlation between the serial normal tests and the
      outcome of pregnancies. We obtained good results in patients with abnormal NST
      OCT and meconium-stained amniotic fluid and in patients with repeated abnormal
      NST-OCT with clear amniotic fluid due to active management by early deliveries
      ignoring fetal lung maturity. This management increased the rate of cesarean
      section and prematurity. There was a low correlation between patients with
      abnormal serum free estriol as the only antepartum pathological test and the
      appearance of intrapartum fetal distress, low birth weight and perinatal
      morbidity and mortality. The contribution of serum free estriol (E3) measurements
      in such patients was only of value in cases of intra-uterine fetal growth
      retardation, but its prediction rate was less than that of ultrasound measurement
      of head-to-abdomen circumference ratio. Our results indicate that hypertensive
      pregnancy management without serum free estriol measurement may be valuable and
      safe.

PMID- 6386562
TI  - Transient increase of early-onset group B streptococcal septicemia.
AB  - Since 1976, all cases of neonatal group B streptococcal (GBS)
      septicemia/meningitis have been registered at two Swedish University Hospitals. A
      significant increase in the number of infants contracting early-onset GBS
      septicemia was noticed at one clinic in 1981, from 1-3 cases per yr to 8 cases.
      Six months prior to this increase the number of deliveries increased from about
      1500 per yr to nearly 3000 per yr. It is suggested that external factors, e.g.,
      subtle changes in the nursing combined with an extended disadvantage at the ward
      might influence the development of early-onset GBS septicemia.

PMID- 6386563
TI  - Characteristics of flow velocities in the umbilical arteries, assessed by Doppler
      ultrasound.
AB  - Measuring blood velocities by Doppler ultrasound has introduced a new noninvasive
      technique into obstetrical diagnostics. This study evaluates the information
      about fetoplacental hemodynamics that can be extracted from Doppler signals
      obtained from umbilical arteries. The most significant blood flow characteristic
      is blood flow pulsatility expressed as pulsatility index (PI). The PI is the
      difference between systolic and diastolic velocity, divided by the mean velocity.
      The PI strongly correlates with downstream impedance to flow. It is demonstrated
      that sophisticated spectral analysis of the Doppler signals has no practical
      advantages over the simple zero-crossing technique for establishing PI values,
      since blood flow in umbilical arteries has a blunt-to-flat profile. This study
      shows that the PI is a gestational-age-related, intra- and inter-observer
      reproducible variable. The significant decrease of PI values with advancing
      gestational age reflects a progressive reduction of placental vascular resistance
      to umbilical blood flow. The PI holds promise as a simple method for early
      diagnosis of impaired umbilical circulation.

PMID- 6386564
TI  - A prenatal diagnosis of umbilical cord oedema made by ultrasound; a case report.
AB  - A case of marked oedema of the umbilical cord is described associated with
      premature onset of labour. The diagnosis was made by ultrasound at 33 weeks
      gestational age. There were no other malformations of the fetus, cord or
      placenta.

PMID- 6386565
TI  - The localization and secretion of type IV collagen in synovial capillaries by
      immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody against human type IV collagen.
AB  - The localization and the secretion of type IV collagen in synovial capillaries
      have been investigated by detecting the antigenic determinant of the major triple
      helix of human type IV collagen. Type IV collagen was indicated to be localized
      mainly in the lamina densa of basement membranes (BM) and to be secreted by both
      endothelial cells and pericytes. The pericytes secreted this collagen to both
      surfaces facing endothelial cells and the interstitial connective tissue. On the
      contrary, the direction of type IV collagen secretion by the endothelial cells
      was strictly confined to one side, namely towards the surface facing the BM. The
      absence of the antigenic determinant in rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi
      apparatus of the endothelial cells and pericytes indicated that the major triple
      helix of type IV collagen is mainly formed in the secretory vesicles after
      budding from the Golgi apparatus.

PMID- 6386566
TI  - The characterisation of gliomas using human monoclonal antibodies. Minireview on
      cancer research.
AB  - Malignant gliomas contain large numbers of invading lymphocytes. The function of
      these lymphocytes is unknown. It is likely that they are involved in host defence
      against the developing tumour. By isolating these cells and fusing them with a
      suitable myeloma system, hybrids can be established and their antibody activity
      analysed. Human monoclonal antibodies reactive to glioma cells have now been
      isolated and their specificity has been determined by radioimmunoassay, binding
      assays and immunoprecipitation. Furthermore, such antibodies can be radiolabelled
      with 131I and administered intravenously to localise tumours in patients. These
      antibodies have therapeutic potential as selective targeting agents for
      chemotherapy and other cytotoxic agents.

PMID- 6386567
TI  - Structure and gel formation in pig gastric mucus.

PMID- 6386568
TI  - Alternative vaccines.

PMID- 6386569
TI  - Formation of the rabbit zona pellucida and its relationship to ovarian follicular
      development.
AB  - The zona pellucida is the unique extracellular glycoprotein matrix which is
      assembled during growth of the mammalian oocyte. The present studies were carried
      out to examine the formation of this structure in relation to the differentiation
      of ovarian cell types during follicular development. Specific antibodies were
      developed against total rabbit ZP proteins as well as against ZP proteins
      electrophoretically purified by high-resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide
      electrophoresis gels (2D-PAGE). Antibodies were characterized by (a)
      immunoelectrophoresis, (b) a Staphylococcus aureus protein A binding assay, and
      (c) immunoblotting following 2D-PAGE separation of ZP proteins. Immunoperoxidase
      localization with these antibodies was used to determine the stage of ovarian
      follicular development at which ZP antigens first appear as well as to evaluate
      the cellular and extracellular distribution of these proteins throughout
      folliculogenesis. The ZP proteins were first observed in the cytoplasm and at the
      periphery of the oocytes surrounded by a thin squamous follicular cell layer. No
      staining was observed in the cytoplasm of follicle cells during early
      folliculogenesis. As the ZP matrix was assembled extracellularly, the intensity
      of staining of the outer and inner regions could be distinguished. This
      differentiation of the matrix coincided with the differentiation of the
      follicular cells into a multilayer cell complex. At this stage, specific ZP
      proteins are localized within the cytoplasm of the inner layers of these
      follicular cells. The staining is then diminished in cells of preantral
      follicles. These studies demonstrate that the formation of the ZP is an excellent
      model system to study the early stages of follicular development and cell
      differentiation.

PMID- 6386570
TI  - Effect of hydrocortisone on skin development in the chick embryo:
      ultrastructural, immunohistological, and biochemical analysis.
AB  - The effect of hydrocortisone on the development of dorsal skin was analyzed in
      the chick embryo by (1) transmission electron microscopy, (2) indirect
      immunofluorescence histology of extracellular matrix components (collagen types
      I, III, and IV; fibronectin; and laminin), and (3) quantitative determination of
      collagen content and proline incorporation, between administration of the drug at
      6 or 6.5 days and final retrieval of skin pieces at 11 days of incubation.
      Treatment caused the formation of featherless skin areas which exhibited an early
      maturation of the epidermis, a uniform distribution of interstitial collagen and
      rarefaction of fibronectin in the dermal extracellular matrix, and a significant
      increase of collagen content and proline incorporation in collagen noncollagen
      proteins, characterized by an increased hydroxyproline-to-proline ratio. The
      distribution of type IV collagen and of laminin was unchanged. The absence of
      feather formation in hydrocortisone-induced apteria is interpreted as resulting
      primarily from an early extinction of epidermal morphogenetic competence, and
      secondarily from modifications in the amount and distribution of extracellular
      matrix components in the dermis.

PMID- 6386571
TI  - Enzymatic dissection of the functions of the mouse egg's receptor for sperm.
AB  - During the course of sperm-egg interaction in mice, zona pellucida glycoprotein
      ZP3 (approximately equal to 80 kDa) serves as both receptor for sperm (J. D.
      Bleil and P. M. Wassarman, 1980c, Cell 20, 873-882) and inducer of the acrosome
      reaction (J. D. Bleil and P. M. Wassarman, 1983, Dev. Biol. 95, 317-324). In this
      investigation, small ZP3 glycopeptides (approximately equal to 1.5-6 kDa),
      obtained by extensive digestion of the purified glycoprotein with insoluble
      Pronase, were assayed for both sperm receptor and acrosome reaction-inducing
      activities. While ZP3 glycopeptides were virtually as effective as intact ZP3 in
      inhibiting binding of sperm to eggs in vitro ("receptor activity"), unlike intact
      ZP3, they failed to induce sperm to undergo the acrosome reaction. The latter was
      determined by indirect immunofluorescence using a monoclonal antibody directed
      against the acrosomal cap region of sperm. These results suggest that the sperm
      receptor activity of ZP3 is dependent only on its carbohydrate components,
      whereas acrosome reaction-inducing activity is dependent on the polypeptide chain
      of ZP3 as well.

PMID- 6386572
TI  - Localization of pulmonary surfactant protein during mouse lung development.
AB  - During lung development type II alveolar epithelial cells produce extracellular
      pulmonary surfactant. Polyclonal antibodies were produced against nonserum
      proteins associated with human surfactant. The present studies were designed (i)
      to determine if mouse surfactant proteins were antigenically cross-reactive with
      polyclonal antibodies directed against human surfactant proteins; and (ii) to
      determine surfactant protein localization during fetal, neonatal, and adult mouse
      lung development. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis studies in conjunction with
      immunologic techniques provided evidence that mouse and human surfactant proteins
      shared antigenic determinants. The major monomeric form of mouse surfactant
      protein in a glycoprotein of approximately Mr 35,000 under reducing conditions. A
      less abundant form was identified as a Mr 45,000 polypeptide. Immunohistochemical
      localization showed that type II cells contain surfactant protein at Theiler
      stage 26. A gradient of immunostaining was localized within alveolar surfaces.
      The antigen was not detected in heart, blood vessels, or pulmonary interstitial
      cells. Surfactant protein was detected lining alveolar surfaces in mature adult
      lung. The distribution of this protein during fetal and neonatal lung
      morphogenesis suggests that this extracellular constituent of pulmonary
      surfactant may be extremely useful as a phenotypic marker with which to evaluate
      normal and abnormal lung development.

PMID- 6386573
TI  - Developmental changes in unique cell surface antigens of chick embryo spinal
      motoneurons and ganglion cells.
AB  - The monoclonal antibody technique was used to investigate neuronal heterogeneity
      and its developmental changes in the chick embryo trunk especially at the
      thoracic level. We report here four monoclonal antibodies (called SC 1, SC 2, SC
      3, and SC 4) that bound to cell surface antigens. These antigens appeared to be
      proteins or glycoproteins because of their susceptibility to trypsin. In the
      spinal cord, antibody SC 3 stained all cells, but antibody SC 1 specifically
      stained motoneurons and ventral epithelial cells. The staining of motoneurons by
      antibody SC 1 was transient. It appeared at early stages (stage 16-17; Hamburger
      and Hamilton), but decreased markedly in intensity at older stages (stage 30-31).
      Antibody SC 2 did not stain cells in the spinal cord. It stained only neurons in
      the dorsal root and sympathetic ganglia. Antibody SC 4 stained only cells derived
      from the neural crest at the early stages (stage 16-20). At later stages, it
      stained a wider population of cells, including sensory neurons, Schwann cells,
      and cells in the central nervous system. In the dorsal root ganglion, antibodies
      SC 1 and SC 2 stained only neuronal cells whereas antibodies SC 3 and SC 4
      stained both neuronal and glial cells. The dorsal root ganglionic antigens
      recognized by these antibodies were not expressed concurrently but appeared in a
      developmental sequence. Staining with antibodies SC 3 and SC 4 appeared first,
      then SC 1, and finally SC 2. Among these four antigens, the antigens common to
      both neuronal and glial cells appeared earlier than the neuron specific antigens.
      Thus, our monoclonal antibodies revealed heterogeneities in cell surface neuronal
      molecules and their transient and sequential appearance during embryonic
      development.

PMID- 6386574
TI  - Multiplication of Brucella canis in male reproductive organs and detection of
      autoantibody to spermatozoa in canine brucellosis.
AB  - Orchitis, epididymitis and prostatitis have been reported in male dogs infected
      with Brucella canis (B. canis), but the pathogenesis of infertility in male dogs
      has not been clarified yet. We examined localization of B. canis in the tissue of
      infected male reproductive organs and production of autoantibody to spermatozoa
      in male dogs by immunofluorescence and unlabeled antibody peroxidase
      antiperoxidase (PAP) methods and electron microscopy. B. canis were found in the
      cytoplasm of macrophages and epithelial cells in testis, epididymis and prostate.
      Particularly in the prostate, B. canis multiplied in the cytoplasm of epithelial
      cells and emerged in the glandular lumen with destroyed epithelial cells. Head-to
      head agglutination of spermatozoa was found in the semen, urine and epididymal
      duct with varying degrees of intensity among the infected dogs. Appearance of the
      spermagglutination began following the detection of B. canis in urine and semen,
      suggesting invasion of the organisms in male reproductive organs. In the sera
      from the dogs orally inoculated with B. canis, (Ig M), Ig G and Ig A anti
      spermantibodies were detected in parallel with the appearance of the serum
      spermagglutinating activity. The heads of agglutinated spermatozoa in the
      epididymal duct and semen were coated with Ig A antibody, which is considered to
      be anti-spermautoantibody locally produced. The target of these circulating and
      local antibodies was acrosome of the dog spermatozoa and spermatids. It seems
      probable that multiplication of B. canis in epithelial cells is the direct cause
      of damage to the infected cells, and the damage acts as a trigger of the
      production of autoantibody to spermatozoa.

PMID- 6386575
TI  - [Current advances and the present situation in human brucellosis].

PMID- 6386576
TI  - [Identification and taxonomy of Brucella melitensis by factor analysis of the
      relations and automatic classification].

PMID- 6386577
TI  - [Discrimination of taxa of the species Brucella melitensis and the determination
      of strain types].

PMID- 6386578
TI  - Diabetes in the elderly--a neglected area?

PMID- 6386579
TI  - Increased vasopressor responsiveness to angiotensin II in type 1 (insulin
      dependent) diabetic patients without complications.
AB  - The blood pressure response to infused angiotensin II (0.3 to 3 ng X kg-1 X min
      1) was investigated in six normotensive patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent)
      diabetes free of complications and in six healthy subjects matched for age, sex
      and weight. Basal blood pressures (111/68 and 114/72 mmHg) and basal plasma
      angiotensin II levels (18.0 +/- 5.2 and 14.1 +/- 2.4 pmol/l; mean + SD) were
      similar in the diabetic and control groups as were 24 h urinary excretions of
      sodium (157 +/- 88 and 154 +/- 84 mmol/24 h). Equal increments in plasma
      angiotensin II were produced during the infusions in the two groups. Increases in
      both diastolic and systolic blood pressure were significantly greater in the
      diabetic patients throughout the infusion. Mean diastolic increments were: 6.7
      versus 1.3 mmHg (0.3 ng dose), 11.0 versus 6.9 mmHg (1 ng dose) and 16.7 versus
      12.3 mmHg (3 ng dose) (p less than 0.001). Corresponding figures for systolic
      pressure were: 8.7 versus 1.3 mmHg, 10.3 versus 3.7 mmHg and 15.3 versus 8.7 mmHg
      (p less than 0.001). Vasopressor responsiveness to angiotensin II is thus
      increased in Type 1 diabetic patients without complications; it may, therefore,
      be a consequence of the diabetes rather than of the presence of microvascular
      disease or hypertension.

PMID- 6386581
TI  - Remissions in newly diagnosed type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes: influence of
      interferon as an adjunct to insulin therapy.
AB  - We studied the effect of interferon as an adjunct to conventional insulin therapy
      on the early course of Type 1 diabetes in 43 newly diagnosed patients. Compared
      with conventional therapy, interferon administration slightly delayed the
      improvement of glucose homeostasis and the rise of high density lipoprotein
      cholesterol, while C-peptide secretion was unaffected. Independent of the type of
      therapy, 18 patients (42%) entered partial remission. The remission began 2.0 +/-
      0.6 months (mean +/- SEM) from the start of therapy and lasted for 4.1 +/- 1.1
      months. Seven patients (16%) were still in remission 1 year after diagnosis. The
      patients who entered remission had higher initial C-peptide secretion, lower
      glycosylated haemoglobin levels and better initial control than patients without
      remission. Thus, interferon provided no benefits as an adjunct to conventional
      insulin therapy in unselected patients with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes. An
      important factor for the development of remission was the presence of C-peptide
      secretion at the time of diagnosis.

PMID- 6386580
TI  - Differential binding of sulphated insulin to adipocytes and hepatocytes.
AB  - The polymerization and precipitation of highly purified insulins which causes
      major problems in portable infusion systems does not occur with sulphated
      insulin. To compare the biological behaviour of sulphated insulin with that of a
      neutral highly purified monocomponent insulin, insulin receptor studies were
      performed on human and rat adipocytes and rat hepatocytes. Sulphated insulin
      displayed a lower affinity for binding to both human and rat adipocytes compared
      with neutral insulin, approximately four times the concentration being required
      to achieve half-maximal displacement of monoiodoinsulin (p less than 0.05 and
      0.01, respectively). A 20-fold higher concentration of sulphated insulin was
      required for half-maximal displacement from rat hepatocytes (p less than 0.025).
      However, sulphated insulin bound to liver membranes with an affinity more closely
      resembling that for adipocytes rather than hepatocytes. Differences in the
      intracellular processing of the negatively charged insulin could account for the
      observed lower affinity of binding to hepatocytes.

PMID- 6386582
TI  - Retinopathy is associated with higher glycaemia in maturity-onset type diabetes.
AB  - In a group of 149 maturity-onset type diabetic patients followed from diagnosis,
      55 (37%) had retinopathy on colour photography 7 years later. Those patients with
      retinopathy had significantly greater glycaemia, as shown by higher fasting
      plasma glucose levels at diagnosis, larger mean values for fasting glucose 1, 3
      and 5 years later, and higher random glucose and haemoglobin A1c at ophthalmic
      review (p = 0.001, 0.002, 0.007 and 0.001, respectively). Substantial
      retinopathy, as measured by greater than 5 microaneurysms, also correlated
      significantly with each index of glycaemic control.

PMID- 6386583
TI  - Number and affinity of insulin receptors in intact human subjects.
AB  - A simple model of the distribution and metabolism of insulin in vivo has been
      evaluated using data from insulin infusion into a group of normal subjects. The
      major rate-limiting step for access to degradation pathways is assumed to consist
      of binding of the ligand to a single population of insulin receptor sites, except
      that provision is made for the possibility of linear non-receptor-mediated
      degradation and for the phenomenon of negative cooperativity. The model has been
      shown to accommodate the non-linearity of insulin metabolism, allows, evaluation
      of receptor association and dissociation constants and provides for the first
      time an estimate of total accessible receptor number in the intact organism. For
      normal fasting man the model predicts 1.00 +/- 0.05 nmol accessible binding
      sites/kg (mean +/- SD).

PMID- 6386584
TI  - Stabilisation of dissolved proteins against denaturation at hydrophobic
      interfaces.
AB  - Studies with insulin delivery devices have shown that denaturation of dissolved
      proteins at hydrophobic interfaces is a basic obstacle to long-term insulin
      stability in pumps. This study shows that polypropylene glycol/polyethylene
      glycol block polymers prevent both the adsorption of dissolved proteins to
      hydrophobic interfaces and the resultant aggregation. At a concentration of
      0.001% (w/v), the block polymer Genapol PF-10 stabilises insulin solutions over a
      wide range of concentrations. Insulin solutions thus stabilised are at present
      being clinically tested. The effectiveness of molecular variants of Genapol PF-10
      to stabilise other proteins (human gamma-globulin, myoglobin and serum albumin)
      is presented also.

PMID- 6386585
TI  - Ciglitazone, a new hypoglycaemic agent. 4. Effect on pancreatic islets of
      C57BL/6J-ob/ob and C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice.
AB  - Pancreases of treated and control male C57BL/6J-ob/ob and C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice
      were evaluated by qualitative and morphometric microscopic techniques to
      determine the effects of chronic ciglitazone treatment on the morphology of beta
      cells and surface area and number of pancreatic islets. The beta cells of treated
      ob/ob and db/db mice displayed moderate to heavy granulation whereas most beta
      cells of untreated obese and diabetic mice were extensively degranulated.
      Although moderate proliferation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi
      apparatus was evident in some beta cells of treated db/db mice, both groups of
      treated ob/ob and db/db mice displayed an improved pattern of insulin synthesis
      and storage. In contrast, the beta cells of untreated ob/ob and db/db mice were
      in a severe state of stress which was indicated by extensive hypertrophy of the
      rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and mitochondria. Some beta cells of
      untreated db/db mice also displayed lysosome aggregates indicative of early
      stages of necrosis. Morphometric analysis revealed that the surface area of
      islets of treated ob/ob mice was significantly smaller in comparison with that of
      untreated ob/ob mice. Since the surface area of islets of treated C57BL/6J-+/?
      mice (lean littermates of ob/ob mice) was less than that of treated ob/ob mice,
      the progression of islet hypertrophy in the obese mice was probably arrested or
      attenuated but not to the level of the treated +/? mice. The number of pancreatic
      islets was significantly greater in treated than in untreated db/db mice. A
      majority of the islets of untreated db/db mice were atrophic and consisted of
      acinar and endocrine cells whereas most of the islets of treated db/db mice
      appeared to be intact and unremarkable. The results of this study suggest that
      ciglitazone is an effective hypoglycaemic agent which may directly or indirectly
      promote beta-cell regranulation and an improved pattern of insulin synthesis and
      storage in ob/ob and db/db mice. However, in treated db/db mice, there still was
      some evidence of stress in the beta cells. Overall, the prolonged treatment with
      ciglitazone also seemed to inhibit the hypertrophy of islets in ob/ob mice and
      protect the structural integrity and viability of islets in db/db mice.

PMID- 6386586
TI  - Low subcutaneous degradation and slow absorption of insulin in insulin-dependent
      diabetic patients during continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion at basal rate.
AB  - As information on the absorption kinetics and local degradation of infused
      insulin is relevant to programming strategies for continuous subcutaneous insulin
      infusion, we examined the time relationship of systemic insulin appearance and
      quantitated subcutaneous degradation during a near-basal rate of continuous
      subcutaneous insulin infusion in five insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Plasma
      free insulin was monitored for 8 h during and 3 h after a subcutaneous (abdominal
      wall) infusion of neutral insulin at 2.4 U/h. An identical intravenous infusion
      (2-4 h) was given on a separate occasion. Plateau levels of free insulin were not
      significantly different during the subcutaneous (37 +/- 8 mU/l) and intravenous
      (40 +/- 7 mU/l) infusions. Fitting of the free insulin data to our two-pool model
      of the subcutaneous space gave a mean estimate of 9.2 units insulin (= 3.8 h
      infusion) for the subcutaneous depot after 8 h. Model estimates of systemic
      insulin appearance, as a percentage of subcutaneous infusion rate, were 59% and
      93% after 4 and 8 h respectively, and 76% 2 h after cessation of infusion. In
      insulin-dependent diabetic patients subcutaneous degradation of infused insulin
      is negligible but local accumulation in the subcutaneous space is considerable.
      The delay in absorption has important clinical implications for interruption and
      resumption of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and also for programming
      of variable basal rates.

PMID- 6386587
TI  - [Truth and error in medicine].

PMID- 6386588
TI  - Flow cytometric analysis of tumor antigen TA-4 in cervical squamous cells.
AB  - Flow cytometric (FCM) analysis of tumor antigen TA-4 was made on cervical cells
      from 24 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix and from 22
      patients without cancer by using an indirect immunofluorescence staining
      technique. Cellular TA-4 content was much greater in cancer cells than in non
      malignant cells. In all cases of squamous cell carcinoma, FCM histograms showed a
      broad but conspicuous peak with higher fluorescence intensity, whereas such a
      fluorescence pattern as seen in malignant cases was not detected in 21 non
      malignant subjects whose cells had low levels of the antigen. It would be
      possible to identify and sort cancer cells on the basis of cellular TA-4 content.
      Therefore, FCM analysis of TA-4 may provide the basis of a prescreening method
      for cervical cancer detection.

PMID- 6386589
TI  - [The intestinal lymphoid system: current concepts].

PMID- 6386590
TI  - [Hepatitis B virus: a better knowledge of its structure and variations in the
      expression of the viral disease].

PMID- 6386591
TI  - [Alpha 1-antitrypsin; new perspectives].

PMID- 6386592
TI  - Gastric carcinomas and their lymphogeneous metastases in cytomorphometric
      expression.
AB  - By means of an eyepiece-micrometer, cytomorphometric investigations have been
      carried out on paraffin sections from 20 patients with different types of primary
      gastric carcinomas and their lymphogeneous metastases.

PMID- 6386593
TI  - [Perioperative short-term prevention of puerperal infections following cesarean
      section with metronidazole].
AB  - A prospective randomised placebo-controlled clinical study showed that it was not
      possible to reduce the infectious morbidity following Caesarean section by one
      perioperative intravenous infusion of 500 mg metronidazole. Of all the 219
      patients the endometritis rate was 6%, the wound infection rate 6% and the
      puerperal sepsis rate 2%.

PMID- 6386594
TI  - [Amniotic band syndrome in ultrasound].
AB  - Ultrasonographic examination during pregnancy is of great value in detecting
      changes in the amniotic fluid such as oligohydramnios, and severe fetal
      malformations, before the 24th week of pregnancy. A case of ADAM syndrome in the
      22nd week of pregnancy is reported. In this case, the sonographic findings were
      very marked. The pathogenesis of the malformation is discussed.

PMID- 6386595
TI  - [Diffuse cavernous myometric angiomatosis of the pregnant uterus and its clinical
      significance].
AB  - Sonography in the 5th month of pregnancy--the pregnancy itself appearing intact-
      revealed an enormous myometric angiomatosis affecting the body of the uterus.
      Hence, the size of the uterus in the 17th week of pregnancy equalled the size
      usually attained in the 36th week only. Tendency to collapse and pulselessness as
      a consequence of excessive haemorrhages into the enormously dilated veins was
      observed. The myometrium displayed varying intensity and was permeated by blood
      vessels of different sizes up to 1 cm diameter. Because of the extremely
      dangerous tendency of the uterine wall to break, hysterectomy was performed. The
      histological specimen showed a diffuse cavernous myometric angiomatosis of the
      body of the uterus and of the isthmus uteri. We believe that this extreme
      reaction of the veins during pregnancy is caused by a specifically acting agent
      and by a special disposition of the veins in the uterus. So far, only two cases
      have been described in literature (Halban, case 1 Kaufmann).

PMID- 6386596
TI  - [Torulopsis in gynecology].
AB  - Torulopsis glabrata, a pathogenic yeast, causes a vulvovaginal mycosis in about
      10% of all cases, whereas mostly candida albicans is identified. Yeasts of the
      genus Torulopsis seem to occur especially on healthy women, whereas in cases of
      the well-known risk factors the growth of Candida albicans is advanced.
      Torulopsidosis of the vagina commonly takes a mild course. The diagnosis is
      ensured only in cooperation with special laboratories. However, microscopic traps
      are absence of pseudomycelia and relatively small buds which contrast with the
      big buds of candida albicans. Although the clinical course is usually less heavy
      than in cases of candidosis, a six- to ten-day treatment with local imidazole or
      Polyene antimycotics is necessary to avoid recurrences. The fact that yeasts of
      the genus Torulopsis form no pseudomycelia is perhaps an explanation for the
      mostly mild course of illness on the one hand and for the weak response to
      cellwall-synthesis blocking antimycotics on the other hand.

PMID- 6386597
TI  - Simplified shade selection with custom shade guides.

PMID- 6386598
TI  - Custom shade-tab fabrication with visible-light cured resins.

PMID- 6386599
TI  - Adrenergic regulation of insulin secretion from the chicken pancreas in vitro.
AB  - Adrenergic regulation of insulin secretion in the chicken was studied using a
      perifused pancreas fragment preparation. Beta-adrenergic stimulation by 50 microM
      isoproterenol potentiated theophylline-stimulated insulin secretion. Glucose at
      19.5 mM did not stimulate insulin secretion, a finding consistent with previous
      reports of chicken pancreas sensitivity in vitro. Pretreatment with 50 microM
      isoproterenol did not alter this glucose insensitivity. Alpha-adrenergic
      stimulation by 50 microM epinephrine in the presence of beta blockade by sotalol
      or by 50 microM phenylephrine did not alter insulin secretion. Inhibition of
      insulin secretion by somatostatin could be demonstrated, however. Epinephrine, 50
      and 0.164 microM, potentiated theophylline-stimulated insulin release and at 50
      microM stimulated insulin secretion as an off-response even in the absence of
      theophylline. It is concluded that adrenergic regulation of insulin secretion in
      the chicken is primarily mediated through beta-adrenergic receptors, resulting in
      stimulation of insulin secretion.

PMID- 6386600
TI  - [Induction of repetitive nucleotide sequences. The probable mechanisms of genome
      evolution and gene conversion].
AB  - In the preselected site of pBR322 plasmid DNA related to the Tcr gene mutations
      were induced by the complementary single-stranded DNA restricts carrying
      alkylating groups. The alterations of the DNA primary structure in the
      mutagenized site were studied. It was found and that in the majority of mutants
      with the impaired Tcr gene function, the tandem direct repeats appeared. The
      repeats of 7-8 base pairs were localized in a fixed site of the Tcr gene,
      downstream of the palindrome. It is suggested that tandem repeats appear as a
      result of D-loops formation when single-stranded DNA forms a hairpin structure,
      due to the presence of palindromes. In the light of this notion, the tentative
      schemes of gene conversion and genome evolution are discussed.

PMID- 6386601
TI  - [Genetic consequences of decay via the scheme of radionuclide electron capture in
      a yeast cell].
AB  - The lethal, mutagenic effects and the nature of mutations induced by decay of
      radionuclei incorporated into yeast cell were studied by K-cupture. The
      efficiency of inactivation per decay in a cell has been shown to be (2.23 +/-
      0,70) X 10(-3) and (0.90 +/- 0.47) X 10(-3) for 54Mn and 85Sr, respectively. The
      efficiency of mutation production in ADE1 and ADE2 genes per decay is (1.25 +/-
      0.57) X 10(-8) and (1.8 +/- 0.3) X 10(-9) for 54Mn and 85Sr, respectively, the
      lethal and mutagenic efficiency of 7Be being about zero. The relative mutagenic
      efficiency (RME), demonstrated as a ratio of the mutagenic efficiency of a
      mutagen to that or gamma-rays at the equal value of survival makes 0.25 for 54Mn
      and 0.1 for 85Sr. A frequency of the induced frameshift mutations was increased,
      in comparison with the frequency of mutations induced by clear beta-decay of
      radionuclei.

PMID- 6386602
TI  - [Genetic control of the modification of the radiosensitivity of yeasts by oxygen
      and hypoxic sensitizers].
AB  - Diploid cells of the wild-type yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mutants homozygous
      with respect to rad2 and rad54 loci as well as a double mutant with both these
      loci in homozygous state were used to demonstrate the previously observed (in
      other yeast strains) genetic determination of radiosensitivity modification of
      hypoxic cells by oxygen and electron-affinic compounds. It was shown that both
      oxygen effect and the effect of hypoxic sensitizers depended on the activity of
      repair systems. A possible mechanism of participation of postradiation recovery
      in modification of yeast cell radiosensitivity is discussed.

PMID- 6386603
TI  - [Evaluation of the degree of genetic divergence in the twin species of the common
      vole Microtus arvalis and Microtus subarvalis (Rodentia)].
AB  - By means of starch electrophoresis, 52 proteins and enzymes of Microtus arvalis
      and M. subarvalis were studied to establish the extent of their similarity. Out
      of 52 markers studied, 7 proteins and enzymes had different electrophoretic
      mobility: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), phosphogluconate
      dehydrogenase (PGD), diaphorase (DP), adenylate kinase (AK), lactate
      dehydrogenase B (LDHB), alpha-galactosidase (GAL) and hemoglobin (Hb), which make
      up to 13% of all the enzymes and proteins studied. The differences found between
      the two species studied by electrophoretic mobility of G6PD, AK, GAL and Hb, as
      well as the absence of intraspecific polymorphism for the above proteins permit
      to consider these proteins as species-specific markers, with the help of which M.
      arvalis and M. subarvalis can be distinguished. It should be emphasized that
      intraspecific polymorphism was found for PGD, LDHB and DP in M. arvalis, while in
      M. subarvalis these proteins were monomorphic and identical, in their
      electrophoretic mobility, to one of electrophoretic variants of M. arvalis.
      Therefore, only one of allelic variants of PGD, LDHB and DP is species-specific.
      Estimation of the extent of genetic similarity based on analysis of distribution
      of gene frequencies for polymorphic loci of M. arvalis and M. subarvalis by means
      of Nei's method gave the value of 0.312, the genetic distance being 1.164. The
      data obtained, together with the known cytogenetic data, point to a species rank
      of the species studied. Moreover, in spite of the morphological similarity
      between M. arvalis and M. subarvalis, the estimation of genetic similarity proved
      to be close to that for morphologically contrasting species.

PMID- 6386604
TI  - Overproduction of a gastrointestinal hormone, secretin, in Escherichia coli cells
      and its chemical characterization.
AB  - A cloned synthetic DNA fragment coding for 27-desamidosecretin (DAS), which
      differs from natural porcine secretin by the lack of the amide group at the
      carboxyl-terminal valine residue, was fused to the beta-galactosidase gene (lacZ)
      at the EcoRI site near the 3'-terminus of the gene. The fusion gene was
      efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli, yielding 1.15 X 10(6) fused-protein
      molecules per cell. After the treatment of the fused protein with cyanogen
      bromide, DAS was purified by a combination of ion-exchange column chromatography
      and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The structure of
      bacterial DAS was confirmed by tryptic mapping and amino acid composition
      analyses. The bacterial DAS was not amidated at its carboxyl-terminal valine
      residue. Nevertheless, it stimulated pancreatic secretion in rats as does
      authentic porcine secretin, indicating that the carboxyl-terminal amide is not
      essential to secretin activity.

PMID- 6386605
TI  - The bacteriophage Mu gene B product is incorporated into the inner membrane of
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - By using the Triton X-114 method, it could be shown that an Mr 33 000 protein
      expressed from the left-end EcoRI-C fragment of phage Mu behaves like a
      hydrophobic protein. Fusion of a DNA region coding for this protein to the
      controllable pL promoter of phage lambda results in the production of large
      amounts of the 33-kDal protein under inducing conditions. This protein can be
      isolated in association with the inner membrane of Escherichia coli cells. Based
      on complementation studies it was concluded that the 33-kDal protein is the
      product of the early gene B.

PMID- 6386606
TI  - The nucleotide sequence of the yeast ARG4 gene.
AB  - The complete nucleotide sequence of a 2296-bp DNA fragment containing the yeast
      (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) ARG4 gene has been determined. This gene specifies the
      synthesis of the arginine biosynthetic enzyme, argininosuccinate lyase (EC
      4.3.2.1). The sequence contains one major open reading frame of 463 codons,
      giving a calculated Mr of 52 010 for the protein, in good agreement with the
      experimentally determined value of 53 000. The sequence upstream from the ARG4
      gene shares structural features in common with other yeast genes subject to
      general amino acid control.

PMID- 6386607
TI  - A plasmid model to study genetic recombination in yeast.
AB  - Chimeric plasmids have been constructed containing two heteroallelic mutant
      copies of the yeast HIS3 gene as an inverted repetition. Intramolecular exchange
      events between these two allelic mutant copies are capable of generating a wild
      type allele. Plasmids containing two mutant heteroalleles have been transformed
      into appropriate his3- yeast strains, and the frequency of exchange events
      generating His+ prototrophs has been measured during mitotic division. After 20
      generations of growth under nonselective conditions, between 0.1 and 1% of the
      transformed yeast cells become His+ prototrophs. This percentage decreases at
      least ten-fold in a strain with a rad52 mutation. Plasmid molecules having
      undergone exchange events have been isolated from yeast cells and have been
      examined after transfer to Escherichia coli. Physical examination shows that less
      than 10% of the plasmids having undergone genetic exchange have also undergone an
      internal reciprocal recombination event as evidenced by reorientation of linked
      restriction sites. The remainder of the plasmids having undergone genetic
      exchange do not exhibit reciprocal recombination. Characterization of the
      individual allelic copies within a plasmid having undergone exchange reveals that
      in 24 of 25 examples only one of the two HIS3 copies has become wild type, and
      that either copy is equally likely to become wild type. We conclude that the
      model plasmid we have constructed undergoes intramolecular genetic exchange
      events and will be useful for studying genetic recombination.

PMID- 6386608
TI  - Immunologic basis for susceptibility to infection in the aged.
AB  - Age-related immune dysfunction contributes to the vulnerability of old
      individuals to infection, e.g., animal model studies demonstrate the association
      between age-related decline in T cell-dependent immunologic responses and the
      decline in resistance against viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections. This
      review briefly describes age-related changes in the immune system at the
      systemic, tissue and cellular levels. At the systemic level, emphasis is on
      polymorphic effects of aging; at the tissue level, emphasis is on the
      vulnerability of primary tissues engaged in the generation of antigen-responsive
      cells and on the difference in the onset and rate of changes between different
      peripheral tissues of the system; and at the cellular level, emphasis is on the
      qualitative changes at the surface receptor, cytoplasmic and nuclear levels.

PMID- 6386609
TI  - Bacterial pneumonia in the elderly: clinical features, diagnosis, etiology, and
      treatment.
AB  - Diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia in the elderly depends on an awareness of the
      various forms of presentation and identification of the etiologic agent(s). The
      reliability of sputum or nasopharyngeal aspirates can be assessed by the number
      of squamous epithelial cells and white blood cells per 100 X field (low-power).
      Transtracheal aspiration should be considered in select patients with life
      threatening pneumonias. Community-acquired pneumonias are caused primarily by S.
      pneumoniae (40-60%), hospital-acquired pneumonias by gram-negative bacilli (45%)
      and institution-acquired pneumonias by mixed flora (35%) and S. pneumoniae (30%).
      Initial choice of antimicrobial agents is based on an interpretation of the Gram
      stain. Choice of empiric antimicrobial treatment depends on host characteristics
      and the setting in which the pneumonia occurs.

PMID- 6386610
TI  - Aging and tuberculosis.
AB  - In the United States, an increasing proportion of all forms of reactivation
      tuberculosis occurs in patients over the age of 60 years. Atypical presentations
      and presence of chronic illness obscure the diagnosis of tuberculosis in the
      elderly. Prompt diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and aggressive
      procedures for diagnostic microbiology. Short-course (9 months) chemotherapy with
      isoniazid and rifampin is the treatment of choice for elderly patients with
      uncomplicated pulmonary tuberculosis. Isoniazid chemoprophylaxis is recommended
      for selected elderly patients.

PMID- 6386611
TI  - Infective endocarditis in the aging patient.
AB  - Infective endocarditis has become a disease affecting primarily elderly persons.
      The etiology of infective endocarditis in the elderly is predominantly
      streptococci and staphylococci. The clinical features of this infection in the
      aged may be atypical or nonspecific, which often leads to delays in diagnosis.
      Mortality is extremely high for elderly patients with infective endocarditis.

PMID- 6386612
TI  - Intraabdominal infection: diagnosis and treatment in the elderly patient.
AB  - Intraabdominal infections in the elderly are major diagnostic and therapeutic
      problems encountered by clinicians. Biliary sepsis, diverticulitis, appendicitis,
      and intraabdominal abscess cause significant morbidity and mortality in the
      geriatric patient. The clinical manifestations, diagnostic approach, and
      treatment of these infections are formulated in this review.

PMID- 6386613
TI  - Unique aspects of urinary tract infection in the geriatric population.
AB  - Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an important infectious disease in the elderly.
      Its prevalence, etiology, clinical manifestations, and management differs
      significantly from UTI occurring in the general population. Catheter-related
      bacteriuria is a serious problem of elderly patients residing in nursing homes
      and extended care facilities.

PMID- 6386614
TI  - Island flaps for face and neck repair.

PMID- 6386615
TI  - Pedicle flaps in reconstruction of the lip.

PMID- 6386616
TI  - Iatrogenic scar camouflage.

PMID- 6386617
TI  - Camouflage of traumatic wounds over bony structures.

PMID- 6386618
TI  - [50th anniversary of the Chair of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine of the Order
      of Lenin central Institute of Graduate Training of Physicians].

PMID- 6386619
TI  - [The creation of the Chair of Hygiene at Moscow University (on the century of the
      Chair)].

PMID- 6386620
TI  - [Creation and development of health services for children's and adolescents'
      hygiene in the Ukraine (1938-1945)].

PMID- 6386621
TI  - [Allergic properties of polymer materials and their components].

PMID- 6386622
TI  - [Evaluation of cord compression in normal-risk pregnancies using ultrasonography
      and cardiotocography].

PMID- 6386623
TI  - [Group B streptococcal infections in newborn infants].

PMID- 6386624
TI  - Puerperal ultrasonic hysterography.
AB  - Ultrasonic hysterography was performed in 104 patients, between the 2nd and 5th
      postpartum day. An unexpectedly high number of women (16%) exhibited an abnormal
      uterine configuration. The ultrasonic diagnoses were compared to the results of
      previous investigations of the uterine configuration, if available.

PMID- 6386625
TI  - [The free jejunal graft for the reconstruction of the hypopharynx and cervical
      esophagus].
AB  - The free jejunal transfer for primary reconstruction of the cervical oesophagus
      after laryngo-pharyngectomy was described more than 20 years ago. Its popularity
      as a surgical method has increased in recent years with improvement in
      microsurgical techniques. Tumour resection and preparation of the jejunal graft
      are performed synchronously by two surgical teams. After suturing the graft into
      the defect the mesenteric vessels are usually anastomosed to the superior thyroid
      pedicle. In this series four patients are presented, in three there were no
      complications, in the fourth a fistula developed despite adequate vascularisation
      of the transfer. The jejunal graft has proved to be a good functional replacement
      for the cervical oesophagus. Experience in other series have shown the risks of
      necrosis, fistulae, stenosis and abdominal complications to be minimal.

PMID- 6386626
TI  - [Fibronectin in Dupuytren contracture].
AB  - The distribution of fibronectin in the palmar aponeurosis of patients with
      Dupuytren's contracture was compared with that of normal controls, using an
      immunofluorescent technique. The tissues were also investigated with type
      specific anticollagen antisera (anti-type I and anti-type III collagen). Tissues
      from Dupuytren's contracture patients showed intense fibronectin fluorescence in
      the whole range studied. Collagen fibre bundles are characterized by a
      peripherally increased fibronectin concentration. Type I collagen is uniformly
      distributed, while type III collagen also seems to be enriched around the
      thickened fibre bundles.

PMID- 6386627
TI  - Collagen transition types during osteogenesis in Xenopus laevis. An
      immunofluorescence study with heterologous antisera.

PMID- 6386628
TI  - Mutagenicity studies on N-nitrosated products of the Maillard browning reaction:
      N-nitroso-fructose-amino acids.
AB  - The N-nitroso derivatives of D-fructose-L-glycine, D-fructose-L-alanine, D
      fructose-L-phenylalanine, D-fructose-L-serine, Dfructose-L-aspartic acid and D
      fructose-L-tryptophan (a mixture of alpha-N-nitroso-D-fructose-L-tryptophan and
      'indolyl-nitrosamine'-D-fructose-L-tryptophan) were tested for mutagenicity in
      five auxotrophic strains of Salmonella typhimurium with and without metabolic
      activation (S-9 mix). The alanine, phenylalanine and aspartic acid compounds were
      not mutagenic. The glycine and serine compounds showed a very low but
      reproducible increase in the numbers of his+ revertants in strain TA1535 without
      S-9 mix. The mixture containing both nitrosated D-fructose-L-tryptophan compounds
      was mutagenic in all five strains, with or without metabolic activation. The
      alpha-N-nitroso-D-fructose-L-tryptophan component of the mixture, which is
      nitrosated at the amino group, was isolated and tested without S-9 mix. It was
      mutagenic in three strains. Unnitrosated D-fructose-L-amino acids, D-fructose,
      and the individual L-amino acids were non-mutagenic when tested under those
      conditions for which a positive response had been obtained with the corresponding
      nitrosated compounds. These results indicate the potential value of developing
      analytical methods to identify alpha-N-nitroso-D-fructose-L-tryptophan in food or
      food extracts that are to be screened for mutagenic components.

PMID- 6386629
TI  - Effects of vitamin A on cyclophosphamide mutagenicity in vitro (Ames test) and in
      vivo (mouse micronucleus test).
AB  - The effect of vitamin A on cyclophosphamide mutagenicity was measured both in
      vitro and in vivo. In the Ames test in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535 with mouse
      liver S-9 mix, the addition of retinol, retinyl acetate or retinyl palmitate
      caused a dose-dependent inhibition of cyclophosphamide mutagenicity. In the
      micronucleus test in male NMRI mice fed low, normal or high levels of vitamin A,
      the induction of micronuclei in bone marrow by an ip dose of cyclophosphamide was
      unaffected by vitamin A status. Thus, this study provides no evidence that
      activation of a procarcinogen in the liver or bone marrow of mice can be modified
      by vitamin A. One of the possible reasons for the observed absence of inhibition
      by vitamin A in vivo may be a lack of correlation between the oral dose of
      retinoid and the resulting level of vitamin A in the bone marrow. The difference
      between results in vitro and in vivo may also have been due to a difference in
      the availability and potency of added vitamin A in vitro compared with the forms
      absorbed and stored in vivo.

PMID- 6386630
TI  - Promotion: is saccharin a promoter in the urinary bladder?
AB  - A review of various in vivo and in vitro studies indicates that saccharin has
      second-stage promoting activity in the rat bladder. In vitro, its effect on the
      human bladder is comparable to that on the rat bladder, and it produces marked
      hyperplasia of the urothelium. It is clear from the evidence available that the
      role of saccharin in carcinogenesis of the urinary bladder in vivo is complex.
      Given before initiation it may possibly act as a co-carcinogen and influence the
      response of the urothelium to initiating carcinogens. Post-initiation it can
      cause clonal expansion of preneoplastic cells, thus providing a large population
      of susceptible cells, which must still undergo some further genetic modification
      before they can express their full malignant potential. It is possible that
      saccharin, if present in sufficiently high concentration for a long enough time,
      may also catalyse this final malignant conversion. Nevertheless, saccharin is not
      a powerful co-carcinogen or promoting agent by comparison with classical skin
      promoters such as TPA, and it has been shown to affect tumour prevalence only if
      present in high concentrations over a prolonged period of time.

PMID- 6386631
TI  - Surfactants: a survey of short-term genotoxicity testing.
AB  - The available results for tests on over 200 surfactants in nine short-term
      genotoxicity assay systems were reviewed. These tests included the
      Salmonella/microsome mutation assay, bacterial DNA repair tests, mitotic
      recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the mouse lymphoma cell-mutation
      assay, unscheduled DNA synthesis and sister chromatid exchange assays in
      mammalian cells, mammalian chromosome damage tests in vitro and in vivo, the
      dominant lethal test in rodents, and mammalian cell-transformation tests. The
      collected data cover all four major classes of surfactants: anionic, cationic,
      nonionic and amphoteric. The results of these genotoxicity tests were
      overwhelmingly negative. Although there were occasional positive results in
      bacterial or cell-transformation systems, the testing performed to date indicates
      that surfactants have negligible potential to cause genetic damage. The available
      data also indicate that none of the assays were incompatible with testing
      surfactants for genotoxicity.

PMID- 6386632
TI  - . . . . Or goblin damned?

PMID- 6386633
TI  - Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of glycidyl ethers.

PMID- 6386634
TI  - [Premedication for sonography. Enzyme-paractol in comparison with a placebo].
AB  - In a randomized double-blind comparative study involving a total of 50 patients
      divided into two equal groups, the effects of Enzym-Paractol and placebo on the
      ultrasonographic representation of internal organs in two planes--pancreatic and
      paraaortic--were compared. The visualizability was estimated as percentage
      figures, and revealed an improvement of about 15% for Enzym-Paractol as compared
      with placebo. With respect to undesired side effects, there was no difference
      between the two substances.

PMID- 6386635
TI  - [Neodymium YAG laser in clinical urology. Current status and clinical
      experiences].
AB  - Of all the lasers available for medical applications only the Neodymium-YAG laser
      has been retained with a clear indication for open and endoscopic tumor
      destruction in urology. This is due to the biophysical properties of this laser.
      The main indications for Neodymium-YAG laser application are benign and malignant
      tumors of the glans penis and the penis shaft as well as multiple small tumors
      distributed over the urethra and bladder mucosa. But tumors of the ureter and
      renal pelvis can also be destroyed endoscopically with the laser. The advantages
      of Neodymium-YAG laser application are: the great radicality of the contact-free
      tumor destruction coupled with closure of the blood and lymphatic vessels of the
      tumor, no hemorrhages, no anesthesia, only conscious sedation, and above all,
      short operation times that make the procedure suitable for use in outpatients.

PMID- 6386636
TI  - [Prediction of treatment outcome with antidepressants: are short REM latencies
      diagnostically and prognostically reliable indicators?].
AB  - Brief REM latencies, i.e. abnormally short intervals between sleep onset and the
      occurrence of the first REM period in polygraphic recordings of night sleep, have
      been proposed in recent years to be of diagnostic value for primary and
      endogenous depressions. It was also postulated that therapeutic success of
      antidepressant drugs can be predicted from this characteristic. Analysis of
      recent studies shows, however, that none of these claims can be maintained:
      although brief REM latencies do occur more frequently in middle-aged and elderly
      depressed patients than in healthy controls, this--strongly age-dependent-feature
      is neither sensitive to nor specific of depressions and therefore unlikely to
      facilitate their diagnosis. Similarly, there are no valid indications that brief
      REM latencies might predict success or failure of antidepressant drug treatment.
      Heterogeneous results of the studies reviewed are probably due to inhomogeneous
      selection of patient and control groups, variable periods of withdrawal of
      previous medication and other procedural differences.

PMID- 6386637
TI  - [Current status of human renal allograft and experimental prolongation of renal
      graft survival].

PMID- 6386638
TI  - [Oxygenation at high pressure (OHP) for cerebral ischemia].

PMID- 6386639
TI  - [IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis: clinicopathological,
      histopathological immunohistological, and electronmicroscopical characteristics].
AB  - A comparative analysis on clinicopathological, histopathological, immunological
      and electronmicroscopical characteristics was performed between 57 cases of IgA
      nephropathy and 20 cases of Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis (HSPN). In IgA
      nephropathy, most cases were discovered incidentally by asymptomatic proteinuria
      or hematuria, while H-S nephritides were associated with systemic symptoms such
      as abdominal and joint pain, in addition to purpura. The average age of HSPN was
      younger than that of IgA nephropathy. Histologically, mesangial cell
      proliferation with mild enlargement of matrix, focal thickening of glomerular,
      capillary loop and Bowman's capsule adhesion were much frequent in HSPN, while
      enlargement of mesangial matrix without mesangial cell proliferation was
      characteristic to IgA nephropathy and thickening of glomerular capillary loops
      was less frequent. However, there were no clear differences between HSPN and IgA
      nephropathy in advanced stage. Immunofluorescent microscopy demonstrated no
      qualitative dissimilarities in regard to deposition in immunoglobulins, C3, and
      fibrinogen, except more frequent deposition of these serum component in
      glomerular capillary loops of HSPN. Electron microscopic observation revealed
      mesangial massive electron dense deposit (EDD) in IgA nephropathy, while
      mesangial EDD were small and granular in HSPN. Hemispherical body, which is
      massive hemispherical EDD protruding to intercapillary space from mesangium, was
      found in significantly higher percentage in IgA nephropathy. Distribution of EDD
      in glomerular capillary was focal in either of HSPN and IgA nephropathy.
      Intramembranous and subepithelial EDD were frequent and extensive in HSPN
      compared with IgA nephropathy in which capillary EDD was mainly observed in
      subepithelial portion. Detailed morphological investigations were able to
      disclose several differences between HSPN and IgA nephropathy. However, these
      differences were rather quantitative. A common or similar pathogenesis is
      suggested for HSPN and IgA nephropathy.

PMID- 6386640
TI  - [Clinical assessment of CAPD (continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis) for
      chronic end-stage renal failure].
AB  - Eight patients of end stage renal failure were placed under CAPD (Continuous
      Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis) therapy in our institution. The main indications
      were difficulty or lack of vascular access. The therapeutic duration ranged from
      15 to 2 months and the results described-below were obtained. BUN, Serum
      Creatinine were well controlled. Hemoglobin & hematocrit increased significantly
      in most cases. Removal of water and salt was satisfactory. Consequently,
      limitation of water and salt became unnecessary in all cases. So far protein loss
      seemed to be a lesser problem, which could be overcome by an adequate protein
      intake. Catheter troubles and peritonitis were observed in 3 cases respectively
      but none became the reason for an immediate interruption of CAPD. General well
      beings of the CAPD patients improved in a definite degree subjectively and
      objectively CAPD has been gaining surprisingly fast popularity all over the world
      but many questions remain presently unanswered: (1) Catheter trouble and
      peritonitis (long-term survival of the technique) (2) Adequacy of the dialysate
      constitution (3) Physiological changes of the peritoneum in long-term CAPD (4)
      Metabolic changes of CAPD patients (5) Drug Kinetics etc. These problems were
      briefly discussed.

PMID- 6386641
TI  - The role of insulin, glucagon and growth hormone in the regulation of plasma
      glucose and free fatty acid levels in anorexia nervosa.
AB  - It is well established that glucagon plays an important role in the regulation of
      fuel supplies as its plasma level increases during the first days of a complete
      fast. However, it is not certain that glucagon is involved in the adaptation to
      chronic starvation. In the present study, this problem was investigated by the
      determination of the changes in the plasma glucagon level elicited by an i.v.
      glucose tolerance test followed by an i.v. arginine perfusion in 26 self starved
      patients suffering from anorexia nervosa (AN) and 14 control patients having only
      minor neurotic disorders. The basal plasma glucagon level tended to be higher in
      the AN patients than in the controls; but the difference was not statistically
      significant. Glucagon responses to glucose and arginine observed in the AN
      patients were not significantly different from those seen in the control
      patients. In the AN patients, the insulin response to both loads was reduced and
      the plasma GH level increased paradoxically after the glucose load, whereas it
      rose normally after the arginine load. It may be concluded that in chronic
      starvation by AN the regulation of fuel supplies depends mainly on decreased
      insulin and increased growth hormone secretion. The role of glucagon seems to be
      of minor importance in this condition.

PMID- 6386642
TI  - The euglycemic clamp technique in patients with liver cirrhosis.
AB  - Tissue sensitivity to insulin and insulin metabolic clearance rate were assessed
      by means of the euglycemic clamp technique in 11 controls and 11 patients with
      liver cirrhosis. The method was carried out using an artificial endocrine
      pancreas. The amount of glucose infused to keep euglycemia, as well as the ratio
      of glucose infused to steady-state insulin level, were significantly lower in
      cirrhotics as compared to controls (p less than 0.001). The metabolic clearance
      rate of insulin did not show significant differences between the two groups. Our
      results confirm that a marked insulin resistance is present in cirrhotics, as
      previously shown by means of different techniques.

PMID- 6386643
TI  - Response of extrapancreatic immunoreactive glucagon to intraluminal nutrients in
      pancreatectomized dogs.
AB  - To investigate the response of extrapancreatic glucagon to intraluminal stimuli,
      nutrients were administered to normal and pancreatectomized dogs through a
      stomach tube in a fully conscious state after an overnight fast. Plasma
      immunoreactive glucagon was determined with antisera specific and nonspecific to
      glucagon and was designated as IRG and total IRG, respectively. Oral glucose load
      elicited a decrease in plasma IRG and a remarkable rise of plasma total IRG in a
      group of 6 pancreatectomized dogs, as in the control dogs. When arginine was
      given, both plasma IRG and total IRG significantly increased in a group of 5
      pancreatectomized dogs, while only total IRG rose significantly in the normal
      control dogs. Butter load did not reveal any changes in plasma IRG and total IRG
      in a group of 5 pancreatectomized dogs, whereas only total IRG increased in the
      normal control dogs. It is concluded that extrapancreatic glucagon responds to
      intraluminal administration of nutrients, as pancreatic glucagon does. In
      addition, gut glucagon-like immunoreactivity increased following glucose or
      arginine ingestion in pancreatectomized dogs. Furthermore, the failure in
      response of plasma IRG and total IRG to butter load in pancreatectomized animals
      suggests that its intraluminal hydrolysis is important in the secretion of
      extrapancreatic immunoreactive glucagon.

PMID- 6386644
TI  - A simple test for the hormonal assessment of early puberty in boys.
AB  - The initial hormonal changes in male puberty occur at nighttime, with episodic
      rises of LH and testosterone (T). Only much later do the daytime levels of these
      hormones rise. Nocturnal sampling is impractical for routine clinical assessment,
      so we have examined the relationship between peak nocturnal T levels and those
      produced in the same subject by a single intravenous injection of gonadotrophin
      releasing hormone (GnRH, 100 micrograms) in the morning. Nocturnal T profiles and
      daytime GnRH tests have been conducted in eight boys in early (delayed) puberty,
      three with pubertal gynaecomastia in later puberty, two normal men, and one man
      with gynaecomastia. Excellent agreement was obtained between peak nocturnal and
      post-GnRH T levels. The serum testosterone level 3 hours after 100 micrograms IV
      GnRH is a simple and useful hormonal marker of pituitary-Leydig cell activity
      during puberty.

PMID- 6386645
TI  - Evidence for unimpaired pancreatic secretion and hepatic removal of insulin in
      healthy offspring of type 2 (noninsulin-dependent) diabetic couples.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to investigate the secretion and the hepatic
      removal of insulin in a group of 14 unaffected offspring of 14 type 2 (noninsulin
      dependent) diabetic couples compared to 14 healthy subjects without family
      history of diabetes mellitus. The two groups, each consisting of 5 obese and 9
      nonobese subjects, were carefully matched for sex, age, and body weight. We
      examined glucose, insulin, and C-peptide levels, as well as C-peptide to insulin
      ratios and relations during the oral glucose tolerance test. Glucose
      concentrations and incremental areas were similar in the two groups, as well as
      insulin and C-peptide levels and areas. C-peptide to insulin molar ratios, both
      in fasting state and after glucose load, as well as relations between C-peptide
      and insulin incremental areas were not different. Our results suggest that the
      healthy offspring of type 2 diabetic couples have a normal response of beta-cell
      to oral glucose as well as a normal removal of insulin by the liver.

PMID- 6386646
TI  - Effect of pharmacological doses of oxytocin on insulin response to glucose in
      normal man.
AB  - In this study we have examined the effect of the administration of oxytocin on
      basal blood concentrations of insulin, glucagon, cortisol, growth hormone, and on
      the dynamic secretory response of these hormones to intravenous glucose
      administration (0.33 g/kg) in basal condition and after the injection of 3 IU (1
      plus 2 IU/1 h) or 6 IU (2 plus 4 IU/1 h) of oxytocin (6 subjects for each group).
      The highest dose of oxytocin (6 IU) used significantly increased insulin
      secretion in response to intravenously administered glucose. No significant
      change of insulin secretion was observed with 3 IU of oxytocin. Glucagon,
      cortisol, and growth hormone response to intravenous injection of glucose was not
      affected by oxytocin (3 or 6 IU) administration. These results suggest that high
      doses of oxytocin affect beta-cell function in normal man.

PMID- 6386648
TI  - Renin disappearance rate in puppies.
AB  - The disappearance rate of endogenous renin from the circulating blood after
      bilateral nephrectomy was studied in 4 puppies aged 16-21 days. Mean half-times
      of the fast and slow component of the disappearance curves of renin were 9.15 min
      +/- 0.87 (SD) and 84.0 min +/- 16.8 (SD), respectively. These values are not
      different from the values reported for adult dogs in the literature. The
      metabolic degradation of renin is not different between young and adult dogs and
      does not contribute to the elevated plasma renin activity in the puppy.

PMID- 6386647
TI  - Correlation between HbA1c, purified insulins, diabetic control, and insulin
      antibodies in diabetic children.
AB  - Insulin antibodies were determined in sera from 38 children diagnosed as having
      juvenile diabetes for a duration of 0.7-15.2 years (median = 4.9 years). 8
      children were treated with purified porcine insulins from the beginning of their
      disease, 16 children with bovine insulin NPH alone, and 14 children with non
      purified, of whom 9 were later transferred to purified insulins. Serum insulin
      antibodies were measured by non-specific and specific methods using beef (B) and
      pork (P) antigens as described by Welborne and Sebriakova, respectively. 12/38
      children had insulin binding levels similar to those of normal children,
      irrespective of the type of insulin used. The concentration of antibodies using
      radiolabelled B or P insulins as antigens were strongly correlated, by both the
      non-specific (p less than 0.01) and the specific (p less than 0.01) methods.
      Children with better score for diabetic control had significantly lower levels of
      insulin antibodies against B (p less than 0.05) and P (p less than 0.05) than
      those with poor diabetic control. There was also a significant positive
      correlation between mean HbA1c concentration and both B and P mean insulin
      antibody concentration (p less than 0.01). Finally, patients treated with
      purified porcine insulin had significantly lower levels of antibodies than
      patients with non-purified bovine insulin (p less than 0.05).

PMID- 6386649
TI  - Phenylalkylsulfonyl derivatives as covalent inhibitors of penicillin amidase.
AB  - It was demonstrated that phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride-a very potent inhibitor
      of penicillin amidase from Escherichia coli-binds covalently to the enzyme in
      molar ratio 1:1. The chloride, the azide and the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of
      phenylmethanesulfonic acid are also very strong inactivators of the amidase.
      Weaker inhibition was noted with para-substituted phenylmethanesulfonyl chlorides
      and with phenylethanesulfonyl and alkylsulfonyl chlorides. The inactivated
      amidase could be reactivated by incubation either with 6-amino-penicillanic acid
      or with proteins from E. coli extract. Benzyl isocyanate is also a potent
      covalent inhibitor of the amidase but inactivated amidase could be not
      reactivated in this way. It was demonstrated that representatives of all
      inactivator types bind to one active site of the amidase. Interdependence between
      inactivation rate and stability of some sulfonyl inhibitors was observed. No
      inhibition was noted the amide, the hydrazide and the methyl ester of
      phenylmethanesulfonic acid.

PMID- 6386650
TI  - The case against for-profit hospitals.
AB  - The author argues that for-profit hospitals threaten the integrity of the health
      care system because they are designed to maximize charges and profits rather than
      equity and quality. He discusses the most detrimental results of an unrestrained
      profit motive: higher costs, skimming off of patients on whom money can be made
      and dumping of poor patients onto public hospitals, consumption of the products
      of medical education and research without contribution to their costs,
      stockholders who are unanswerable to the community of users, and undue political
      and economic power. Physicians must, the author believes, enter the public debate
      to protect the goal of medical care: the maximization of the health status of the
      population.

PMID- 6386651
TI  - The growing importance of equipment planning.

PMID- 6386652
TI  - Preconstruction planning: a frame for development.

PMID- 6386653
TI  - Sen. John Heinz speaks out on Medicare.

PMID- 6386654
TI  - Management information systems: key tools for CEOs.

PMID- 6386655
TI  - Respiratory tuberculosis mortality among the Sephardic Jews of Gibraltar.

PMID- 6386656
TI  - The Duffy blood groups, vivax malaria, and malaria selection in human
      populations: a review.

PMID- 6386657
TI  - Mortality change in America, 1620-1920.

PMID- 6386658
TI  - Kaposi's sarcoma revisited.

PMID- 6386659
TI  - Renin storage and cell differentiation in juxtaglomerular cell tumors: an
      immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of three cases.
AB  - Three renin-secreting juxtaglomerular cell tumors were studied by ultrastructural
      and immunocytochemical methods. Both active and inactive renins were identified
      in tumor extracts. By immunofluorescence and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP)
      method with antirenin antiserum, immunolabeling was intracytoplasmic and
      irregularly distributed throughout the tumor tissue. Electron microscopic
      examination revealed various types of secretory granules, including atypical
      giant crystalloid protogranules in one case, and the postembedding PAP procedure
      showed labeling of all types of granules. Acid phosphatase staining was observed
      within secretory granules and autophagic vacuoles. The process of renin storage
      and release is discussed. The presence in one case of a neural component and a
      distal tubular structure supports the view of a hamartomatous lesion.

PMID- 6386660
TI  - Erythroleukemic infiltration of a lymph node: use of hemoglobin
      immunohistochemical techniques in diagnosis.
AB  - Isolated submandibular adenopathy developed in a patient who had subacute
      erythroleukemia. Lymph node biopsy revealed a proliferation of immature cells and
      scattered foci of dyserythropoietic normoblasts. Since a review of the literature
      revealed no detailed description of an erythroleukemic lymph node infiltrate, a
      histopathologic study of this node was undertaken. The immature cells were
      identified as erythroblasts and pronormoblasts by histochemical staining
      (periodic acid-Schiff reagent and chloroacetate esterase), immunohistochemical
      reaction (directed against hemoglobin), and electron microscopy. The diagnosis of
      erythroleukemic lymph node infiltrate may be missed in the absence of a high
      index of suspicion. It is concluded that the detection of hemoglobin within
      malignant cells is most helpful in establishing the diagnosis.

PMID- 6386662
TI  - Microscope objectives and cytopathology screening--another viewpoint.

PMID- 6386661
TI  - Congenital endodermal heterotopia of the atrioventricular node: evidence for the
      endodermal origin of so-called mesotheliomas of the atrioventricular node.
AB  - A case of so-called mesothelioma of the atrioventricular node is presented.
      Controversy exists as to whether this lesion is of mesodermal or endodermal
      origin. The light and electron microscopic morphologic characteristics in this
      case were identical to those reported previously. The glandular component
      produced mucin that resisted digestion with both hyaluronidase and diastase; this
      staining pattern is characteristic of endodermal rather than of mesodermal
      tissue. Immunohistochemical methods demonstrated abundant carcinoembryonic
      antigen (CEA) in the cytoplasm of the cells composing the lesion. The presence of
      CEA strongly argues for an endodermal origin, since this antigen characterizes
      tissue derived from endoderm and is generally absent from mesoderm. The lesion
      probably represents endodermal foregut tissue that is displaced during
      embryogenesis. As such, it is not a true neoplasm. It is proposed that this
      lesion be designated "congenital endodermal heterotopia of the atrioventricular
      node."

PMID- 6386663
TI  - Cardiovascular toxicity of diuretics related to magnesium depletion.
AB  - The chronic administration of common loop or distal tubular diuretics may lead to
      somatic depletion of Mg2+. The resultant deficiency of this cation causes an
      increase in intramyocardial cytosolic Ca2+ and aggravates the decrease in
      intramyocardial K+ provoked by diuretics through their hyperkaliuretic effect.
      Thus the myocardium is electrically destabilized and cardiac arrhythmias may
      develop. Mg2+ deficiency positively contributes to the development of atherogenic
      alterations in lipid metabolism, vasospastic phenomena in the coronary and
      cerebrovascular territories, myocardial infarction and to the retardation of
      infarct healing and the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias during the acute
      phase of infarction.

PMID- 6386664
TI  - Analysis and automatic classification of breath sounds.

PMID- 6386665
TI  - Reversal by interleukin-2 of the T cell unresponsiveness of lepromatous leprosy
      to Mycobacterium leprae.
AB  - In some subjects Mycobacterium leprae causes disseminated (lepromatous) disease.
      Such subjects show both in vivo and in vitro deficient T cell responses to M.
      leprae, but not to other antigens. We have recently shown that lepromatous
      peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) failed to produce interleukin 2 (IL-2)
      in response to M. leprae and that T cell-conditioned media (TCM) can reverse the
      T cell unresponsiveness in a majority of lepromatous leprosy patients (Haregewoin
      et al. 1983). Here we show that highly purified and recombinant IL-2 had effects
      similar to TCM. On the other hand, lepromatous PBMC produced IL-1, and IL-1 had
      no restorative effect. These findings provide further evidence that the
      unresponsiveness in lepromatous leprosy often results from a deficiency in IL-2
      production. After initial stimulation with TCM + M. leprae, lepromatous PBMC
      could be restimulated with M. leprae alone, providing clear evidence that M.
      leprae-reactive lymphocytes were generated in the presence of TCM. The present
      findings are discussed in relation to the possible mechanisms involved in the
      failure of IL-2 production. If our findings can be reproduced in vivo, IL-2 may
      offer a novel approach to therapy in lepromatous leprosy.

PMID- 6386666
TI  - The use of decalcified freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) for more successful
      endosseous implants.

PMID- 6386667
TI  - Stress analysis of single-tooth implants. I. Effect of elastic parameters and
      geometry of implant.

PMID- 6386668
TI  - The Core-Vent implant system. The evolution of an osseoventegrated implant.

PMID- 6386669
TI  - Stress analysis of single-tooth implants. II. Effect of implant root-length
      variation and pseudo periodontal ligament incorporation.

PMID- 6386670
TI  - Stress analysis of single-tooth implants. III. Effect of elastic modulus and
      thickness of pseudo periodontal ligament.

PMID- 6386671
TI  - Surgical haemodynamic problems in a case of Uhl's anomaly.

PMID- 6386673
TI  - Expulsion of Trichinella spiralis from the intestine of W/Wv mice reconstituted
      with haematopoietic and lymphopoietic cells and origin of mucosal mast cells.
AB  - The involvement of haematopoietic and lymphopoietic cells in the expulsion of
      Trichinella spiralis from the intestine of mice, and the origin of the
      subepithelial mast cells (SMCs) and the globule leucocytes (GLs) were determined
      using SMC- and GL-deficient WBB6F1-W/Wv and WCB6F1-S1/S1d mice. On day 12 after
      infection with T. spiralis, SMCs and GLs appeared in W/Wv mice injected with
      spleen and bone marrow cells from normal +/+ mice, but not in W/Wv mice injected
      with thymus, mesenteric lymph node and Peyer's patch cells from +/+ mice or in
      S1/S1d mice injected with spleen cells from normal mice. On day 22 after
      infection, GLs and SMCs with giant granules were found in W/Wv mice injected with
      spleen cells of C57BL/6J-bgJ/bgJ mice in which GLs and SMCs contained giant
      granules. These results suggested that the precursor cells of SMCs and GLs were
      located in the haematopoietic tissues. In W/Wv mice reconstituted with SMCs and
      GLs, expulsion of T. spiralis from the intestine was as rapid as that of the
      normal mice, but in W/Wv mice injected with lymphopoietic cells and S1/S1d mice
      which had been injected with normal spleen cell, expulsion of T. spiralis was
      less rapid. The result suggested that haematopoietic cells containing SMC- and GL
      precursor cells might be involved in the expulsion of T. spiralis from the
      intestine of mice.

PMID- 6386672
TI  - Large agranular lymphocytes: early non-specific effector cells in allograft
      rejection in the mouse.
AB  - The cytolytic reactivity and ultrastructure of centrally-reactive and allograft
      infiltrating lymphocyte populations was investigated in a murine peritoneal
      allograft system. Animals sensitized with a single intraperitoneal dose of
      allogeneic L929 fibroblasts generated a population of splenic cytolytic T cells
      maximally reactive 10 days after immunization. Sensitized splenic lymphocytes,
      isolated by immunoadsorption on L929 monolayers, were ultrastructurally
      classified as mature small lymphocytes. At the graft site, cytolytic non-T
      lymphoid cells displaying the ability to kill K562 target cells, were
      demonstrable between 4 and 6 days after sensitization. Six-day peritoneal
      lymphocyte populations were found to contain both cytolytic T cells (L929
      killers) and highly reactive K562 killers. Immunoadsorption and cold target
      competition studies indicated that the K562 killer cells were able to recognize
      both K562 and L929 targets. K562 target-binding cells appeared to be
      ultrastructurally immature and were designated 'large agranular lymphocytes'. The
      role of cytolytic non-T cells in rejecting allografts is discussed.

PMID- 6386674
TI  - Effect of human IgM rheumatoid factor on the glomerular site of localization of
      passively administered immune complexes in mice.
AB  - Injections of highly concentrated preparations of human RF into mice temporarily
      alter the major immediate (24 hr) site of predominant localization of passively
      administered soluble immune complexes from the glomerular mesangium to the
      glomerular capillary lumens, probably by increasing the size of the injected
      immune complexes. It is possible that larger amounts of RF may lead to a state
      whereby the complexes are more permanently deflected from the loops and
      mesangium, and continue to protect the glomerulus from the pathological effects
      of the complexes.

PMID- 6386675
TI  - Avidities of hapten-specific antibodies when the responses are modulated by anti
      carrier antibodies.
AB  - Either alone or in combination with antibodies having specificity for the carrier
      erythrocyte, TNP-ORBC were injected i.p. into CBA/J mice. Five days later, their
      spleens were removed and evaluated for TNP-specific PFC. The spleens from animals
      receiving 19S antibody (IgM) with carrier specificity displayed 3-4-fold more
      direct and indirect hapten-specific PFC than control animals receiving the TNP
      erythrocyte conjugate only. Animals receiving 7S antibodies (IgG) with carrier
      specificity displayed very little change in their direct PFC response to the
      hapten. However, the indirect response to the hapten was suppressed as much as 16
      fold by carrier specific IgG. Evaluation by haptenic inhibition of the relative
      avidity of the antibodies being secreted by these cells revealed the following:
      the relative avidity of antibodies secreted by indirect PFC in the spleens of
      animals receiving TNP-ORBC only was approximately 20-fold higher than antibodies
      secreted by the direct PFC. The 3-4-fold potentiation of the hapten-specific PFC
      response by carrier-specific IgM antibody did not result in a change in relative
      avidity of direct or indirect PFC. IgG with carrier specificity did not change
      the relative avidity of the antibodies secreted by direct PFC having specificity
      for the hapten. However, evaluation of the remaining PFC in spleens from animals
      whose indirect hapten-specific PFC response had been suppressed by carrier
      specific IgG revealed that the remaining PFC had a lower avidity than indirect
      PFC from animals receiving TNP-ORBC only. In other words, carrier-specific IgG
      selectively induced suppression of high avidity hapten-specific IgG antibody
      secreting cells.

PMID- 6386676
TI  - Granulated intraepithelial lymphocytes: their relationship to mucosal mast cells
      and globule leucocytes in the rat.
AB  - The relationship between mucosal mast cells (MMC) in the intestinal lamina
      propria, and globule leucocytes (GL) and granulated lymphocytes (GIEL) within the
      epithelium was compared by analysing the constituents of their granules.
      Glycosaminoglycan, as well as serine esterase, were present in the granules of
      all three cell types and the antigenic relationship of these serine esterases to
      MMC-specific protease (RMCPII) was examined. This enzyme was detected by
      immunocytochemistry within MMC and GL granules, but not in GIEL. The
      concentration of RMCPII in preparations of epithelial and lamina propria isolates
      correlated significantly with the numbers of MMC/GL present within these tissues.
      RMCPII was detected in epithelial isolates, and in preparations of isolated GIEL,
      only when MMC and GL were present. These studies add further support to the view
      that MMC and GL are of a common lineage and strongly suggest that GIEL are
      unrelated to MMC/GL.

PMID- 6386677
TI  - Major histocompatibility complex of the mole-rat. I. Serological and biochemical
      analysis.
AB  - The mole-rat, Spalax ehrenbergi, is a complex subterranean rodent species whose
      habitat is restricted largely to the Middle East and North Africa. We typed over
      50 mole-rats with mouse monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies specific for class I
      and class II major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) molecules. Some of these
      antibodies were produced against mouse Mhc molecules, others against Mhc
      molecules of other species. About 25% of the antibodies reacted with mole-rat
      lymphocytes in the cytotoxic test. Some of the serologically positive antibodies
      precipitated from a glycoprotein pool of mole-rat spleen cell molecules that
      corresponded in size with class I and class II molecules of other species. We
      conclude, therefore, that mole-rats, like other mammals, possess the Mhc which
      consists of class I and class II loci. We call this Mhc Spalax major
      histocompatibility (Smh) complex. The occurrence of a large number of different
      serotypes among the tested animals suggests that Smh loci are polymorphic. This
      Mhc polymorphism of the mole-rat contrasts with the monomorphism or oligomorphism
      of the Syrian hamster, a rodent with a similar ecology. Thus far no qualitative
      correlation could be found between Smh polymorphism and chromosome variation
      described in this superspecies.

PMID- 6386679
TI  - Biliary ascariasis.

PMID- 6386678
TI  - Two distinct forms of beta 2-microglobulin in different races of owl monkey
      (Aotus trivirgatus).

PMID- 6386680
TI  - Clinical differentiation between portal vein thrombosis (PVT), non-cirrhotic
      portal fibrosis (NCPF) and cirrhosis by discriminant analysis.

PMID- 6386681
TI  - Clinical and investigative discrimination between portal vein thrombosis, non
      cirrhotic portal fibrosis and cirrhosis.

PMID- 6386682
TI  - Detection of antirabies antibody by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.

PMID- 6386683
TI  - Antemortem diagnosis of human rabies by corneal impression smears using
      immunofluorescent technique.

PMID- 6386684
TI  - Incidence of conjugative plasmid amongst multidrug resistant Salmonella
      typhimurium strains isolated from different parts of India (1979-1982).

PMID- 6386685
TI  - Grouping of beta-haemolytic streptococci from primary plates by micronitrous acid
      coagglutination method.

PMID- 6386686
TI  - Transplacental transmission in bancroftian filariasis.

PMID- 6386687
TI  - Isolation of microfilariae from blood on iso-osmotic percoll gradients.

PMID- 6386688
TI  - Synthesis and transudation of antibody during acute inflammation in the mammary
      gland.
AB  - Nonlactating ewes were immunized with a mixture of ovalbumin and tetanus toxoid
      either in the hind limb, resulting in "priming" of the supramammary lymph node
      (group L), or in the brisket, resulting in "priming" of the precapsular lymph
      node (group B). Substantial systemic antibody responses were mounted in both
      groups. The animals were challenged by intramammary infusion of either tetanus
      toxoid and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or ovalbumin and LPS, and changes in the
      ratios of the two antibody specificities in mammary secretions were monitored for
      the first 8 h of the resulting acute inflammatory episode. Following challenge
      with tetanus toxoid and LPS, the ratio of antitetanus toxoid-antiovalbumin in
      mammary secretion remained close to 1 for the first 6 h postchallenge in both
      group L and group B. Similarly in animals challenged with ovalbumin and LPS, the
      ratio of antiovalbumin-antitetanus toxoid in mammary secretion approximated 1 for
      the first 6 h postchallenge but increased sharply in both groups between 6 and 8
      h postchallenge. Measurement of antibody in efferent supramammary lymph suggested
      that cells in the supramammary lymph node synthesized significant quantities of
      specific antibody to the infused antigen during the 8-h inflammatory episode.

PMID- 6386689
TI  - Oral rehydration of neonates and young infants with dehydrating diarrhea.

PMID- 6386690
TI  - [Caelius Aurelianus and toothache: "de dolore dentium"].

PMID- 6386691
TI  - Accident surgery--the life and times of William Gissane.

PMID- 6386693
TI  - The three-year incidence of non-B viral hepatitis morbidity in a controlled trial
      of pre-exposure immune serum globulin prophylaxis.
AB  - A trial of pre-exposure immune serum globulin (ISG) vs. the prevailing policy of
      post-exposure ISG for the prevention of viral hepatitis was undertaken among
      23,447 male and female military recruits in Israel, an endemic area for hepatitis
      A virus infection. We are reporting on the three-year follow-up of the incidence
      of non-B hepatitis among 12,835 male recruits, half of whom had been allocated to
      receive ISG on their first day of service, while the other half served as a non
      vaccinated ("regular care") control group. Over the three-year period the overall
      cumulative incidence in the intervention group was half that of the control group
      (3.6 per 1000 vs. 7.2 per 1000; p = 0.0037). Protection was virtually absolute
      for up to nine months' follow-up. ISG may have provided prolonged partial
      protection well in excess of six to nine months. Between 10 to 18 months, half as
      many cases occurred in the intervention group as in the controls. By 18 months
      the difference in incidence between the study groups had reached a plateau and
      was highly significant (p = 0.002). Between 19 and 36 months the case increment
      in the two groups was similar. The benefit of receiving pre-exposure ISG remained
      evident three years after inception of the trial in this indigenous military
      population living in an endemic area.

PMID- 6386692
TI  - Bacteremia in a Swedish university hospital: a one-year prospective study in 1981
      and a comparison with 1975-76.
AB  - A one-year prospective study of bacteremia was carried out at a Swedish
      university hospital. Blood cultures were taken in 6.3% of all patients admitted
      to the hospital. 148 episodes of bacteremia were recorded in 142 patients, 59% of
      whom were males. The mean incidence of bacteremia was 4.3 episodes per 1,000
      admissions. The incidence of contamination was 1.3%. Malignancy and urinary tract
      disorders were the most common diagnoses and surgical intervention, central
      venous catheters and cytostatic drugs the most common predisposing factors. The
      ratio of hospital to community-acquired bacteremia was 1.3:1. The fatality rate
      was 12.7%. Gram-negative rods belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae were the most
      common pathogens, followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus
      epidermidis. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the causative bacteria was
      quite favorable. No S. aureus strains were resistant to isoxazolyl penicillins or
      gentamicin. No Klebsiella strain and only one Escherichia coli strain was
      resistant to gentamicin. The results were compared to a one-year retrospective
      study carried out in the same hospital five years ago. The incidence of
      bacteremia had not increased between the two studies.

PMID- 6386694
TI  - A comparison of oxytetracycline and trimethoprim in the treatment of Chlamydia
      trachomatis urethritis.
AB  - The effect of trimethoprim was compared with that of oxytetracycline in the
      treatment of uncomplicated urethritis and/or cervicitis. Twenty-six patients
      treated with oxytetracycline were all microbiologically cured. Of 19 patients
      treated with trimethoprim, ten (53%) still harboured the chlamydia after two
      weeks. The superiority of tetracycline was even more pronounced following the
      evaluation of dysuria and discharges. 85% of the patients treated with
      oxytetracycline and 6% of those treated with trimethoprim had neither dysuria nor
      discharge after the completion of treatment. The patients who failed to be cured
      by trimethoprim were all successfully treated with oxytetracycline.

PMID- 6386696
TI  - Kinetics of the redistribution phenomenon after extracorporeal elimination.
AB  - Evaluation of the efficiency of extracorporeal elimination is rendered difficult
      by the rebound phenomenon which may occur in plasma concentrations after
      hemodialysis, hemoperfusion, or plasma exchange. The term clearance, derived from
      the extraction rate, has the drawback that it is often based on the incompatible
      terms plasma concentration and blood flow. To avoid these difficulties, clearance
      may be calculated from kinetics of plasma concentrations. But this approach will
      lead to an overestimation of the eliminative efficiency, because plasma
      concentrations may decline faster than tissue levels, which will be indicated by
      the rebound phenomenon. The rebound is due to a redistribution from tissue into
      plasma and follows 2-compartment kinetics. However, the amount removed by
      extracorporeal elimination reflects the redistribution phenomenon and,
      simultaneously, can be used to evaluate the absolute efficiency. The amount
      removed can be derived from 1-compartment kinetics if redistribution can be
      neglected, and from 2-compartment kinetics if a redistribution takes place. The
      amount removed can also be evaluated using model- independent approaches, which
      may be applied even if sustained absorption or proliferation must be assumed.
      According to these approaches, the removed amount is given by graphic
      extrapolation, and it can be calculated from extracorporeal clearance and from
      concentrations in the removed fluid, or it can be eluted from the extracorporeal
      device.

PMID- 6386695
TI  - Studies on immunity against Escherichia coli K13 with monoclonal anti-K13 and
      anti-anti-K13.
AB  - The structural basis for the cross-reactivity between the Escherichia coli K13,
      K20 and K23 capsular polysaccharides is the ----)-beta-ribofuranosyl-(1----7)
      beta-2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate polymer. Monoclonal antibodies against E. coli K13
      which require O-acetyl-2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate for binding were further
      investigated. Such antibodies, of both the IgG and the IgM isotype, opsonized E.
      coli K13 in vitro and protected against intraperitoneal infection in mice as well
      as ascending pyelonephritis in rats. A monoclonal IgG1 anti-idiotype, specific
      for the K13 polysaccharide combining site of a protective IgM idiotype, primed
      for protection against intraperitoneal infection with live E. coli K13 following
      K13 injections at four as well as 12 weeks of age. the K13 polysaccharide alone
      did not immunize and protect. The monoclonal anti-K13 idiotype only primed for
      protection at four weeks of age. These findings suggest a strong effect of a
      single idiotype on the outcome of a bacterial infection.

PMID- 6386698
TI  - Apheresis in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Plasmapheresis was first introduced as a means of treating the rheumatic diseases
      in 1976. The rationale of its use was the removal of circulating immune
      complexes, thus preventing their deposition in the tissue. In rheumatoid
      arthritis circulating immune complexes do indeed occur and are responsible for
      some of the serious complications such as vasculitis. Since the T cells are
      implicated in tissue damage, lymphapheresis and lymphoplasmapheresis were
      introduced with various success rates. Controlled trials in rheumatoid arthritis
      have found no value for intensive plasmapheresis, limited value for
      lymphapheresis and possible, though suspect, value for lymphoplasmapheresis.

PMID- 6386697
TI  - Hemodiafiltration (HD-HF): one year follow-up of nine hours weekly.
AB  - Data are presented concerning our experience with hemodiafiltration (HD-HF) in
      uremic patients. Ten patients previously submitted to regular dialysis treatment,
      cuprophane membrane (RDT), for the last year twelve hours weekly, were treated
      for one year, nine hours weekly, HD-HF. Five of ten had suffered discomfort by
      RDT and five spontaneously chose HD-HF owing to its shorter treatment period. The
      follow-up of the two treatment schedules did not show any significant difference
      in absolute and percentage values of small molecules. Hematocrit, body weight and
      blood arterial pressure were not different following both treatment. Patients
      submitted to HD-HF complained of no discomfort including patients suffering of
      dialytic discomfort under RDT. HD-HF has proved as useful and more comfortable
      than RDT in long-term treatment of patients with chronic renal failure.

PMID- 6386699
TI  - A simple computer model for insulin-receptor interactions and insulin dependent
      glucose uptake by adipocytes.
AB  - A simple computer model is described for the simulation of insulin binding to
      cell surface receptors on adipocytes and the subsequent stimulation of glucose
      uptake. The model is based on the currently accepted physiology and biochemistry
      of insulin action. The model successfully simulated changes in sensitivity to
      insulin with changes in receptor numbers seen with in vitro experiments; it is
      also consistent with the proposal that an increased rate of insulin-receptor
      complex internalisation should lead to an insulin-resistant state. The model also
      suggests that such an insulin-resistant state should not be affected by a
      subsequent increase in the rate of return of internalised receptors to the outer
      cell surface.

PMID- 6386700
TI  - Stable quantitative differences of antigen expression in human melanoma cells
      isolated by flow cytometric cell sorting.
AB  - The stability of expression of a membrane antigen on human FME melanoma cells was
      investigated by means of flow cytometric cell sorting and analysis. The melanoma
      associated 250 kd antigen was strongly expressed on all cells, as recognized by
      binding of the monoclonal antibody 9.2.27. By flow cytometric cell sorting, cells
      of high and low antigen expression were isolated, and the difference in antigen
      expression between the two populations was examined as a function of time in
      culture. Immediately after sorting, the median fluorescence intensities of the
      two populations differed by a factor of 2.7. After the first few days in culture,
      much of the range in antigen expression of the parent population was regenerated.
      However, a lasting difference in antigen expression was established,
      corresponding to 50% higher density of antigen on the cells sorted for high
      fluorescence intensity, compared to those sorted for low intensity. After trypsin
      treatment, which removed the antigen from the cell surface, normal antigen
      expression was regained after 2-3 days in culture, with the same difference
      between the two populations as before the trypsin treatment. The stability of the
      established difference in antigen expression between the two sorted
      subpopulations indicates that expression of this antigen is a precisely
      controlled, heritable characteristic of the FME melanoma cells.

PMID- 6386702
TI  - Pacemaker leads.
AB  - Present day pacemaker leads are far superior in every respect to those of the
      past. Modification of fixation characteristics has reduced displacement rates to
      1% or less in most centers. Fracture of multifilar leads is a rarity.
      Biodegradation of polyurethane insulation appears to be an isolated problem
      specific to individual lead models and may be related to physical stresses
      incurred during manufacture or lead insertion. Recent evidence has incriminated
      an interaction of polyurethane with silver which arises from the drawn braised
      strand conductor substrate of those leads in which this problem has been noted.
      This may explain why the problem has been restricted to specific lead models of
      one manufacturer to date. Lack of uniformity of lead terminal size between
      manufacturers and even within the same manufacturer's product line continues to
      baffle this observer. Although past problems of lead displacement have been
      markedly reduced, the difficulty of removing chronic leads which have become
      septic appears to have worsened. Modification of existing leads to ensure that
      the interface between electrode tip and proximal shaft is unidiametric is
      essential.

PMID- 6386701
TI  - Procoagulant activity of macrophages associated with different murine neoplasms.
AB  - Mononuclear phagocytes, an integral part of the lymphoreticular infiltrate of
      human and experimental tumors, might contribute to tumor-associated fibrin
      deposition through the development of procoagulant activity (PCA). We have
      investigated PCA of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) in 6 transplanted murine
      tumors in syngeneic hosts; peritoneal macrophages from tumor-bearing and control
      animals were studied also, as reference cell populations. PCA was evaluated by a
      one-stage clotting assay immediately after preparation and following incubation
      in the absence and in the presence of endotoxin. TAM from 5 poorly immunogenic
      tumors (mFS6, MN/MCA1, R 80/44, M109 and MS2) had basal PCA levels comparable to
      or somewhat lower than those of peritoneal macrophages from the same animals.
      Similar PCA was found in peritoneal macrophages from both control and tumor
      bearing animals. Unlike peritoneal macrophages, TAM in all instances failed to
      respond with increased PCA when exposed to endotoxin in vitro. Failure to respond
      to endotoxin could not be ascribed to contaminating tumor cells or their
      products, to the presence of suppressive macrophage populations or to the lack of
      lymphocyte "help". TAM from a strongly immunogenic, regressing tumor (MSV
      sarcoma), in contrast to its non-immunogenic variant, MS2, and to the 4 other
      tumors mentioned above, expressed high levels of PCA immediately after isolation.
      The latter did not increase further following in vitro stimulation with
      endotoxin. When MSV sarcomas were induced in nude mice, TAM showed PCA levels
      similar to those of the euthymic hosts, suggesting that the procoagulant response
      was largely independent of T-cell-mediated immunity.

PMID- 6386703
TI  - The spiral technique of hypnotic induction: a brief communication.

PMID- 6386704
TI  - Effect of a combination of pindolol and isosorbide dinitrate on ischemic ST
      segment depression and exercise ability in angina pectoris.
AB  - The antianginal action of a fixed combination of pindolol (7.5 mg) and isosorbide
      dinitrate (ISDN, 30 mg slow release) was compared with placebo in sixteen
      patients with stable, exercise-induced angina pectoris. Exercise tests were
      performed on a bicycle ergometer before and 90 min after the oral application of
      active drug or placebo. All patients showed an ischemia-induced ST-depression in
      the ECG during and shortly after exercise. There was no effect of placebo on
      blood pressure, heart rate, ST-segment depression or work tolerance. The
      combination of pindolol and ISDN significantly reduced systolic blood pressure
      and heart rate at rest and during exercise. ST-segment depression was reduced (2
      p less than or equal to 0.001), when compared with placebo at the same workload.
      Mean total work was higher (2 p less than or equal to 0.001) after active drug,
      leading to an improved exercise-tolerance in 11 out of 16 patients.

PMID- 6386705
TI  - Clinical multicentre trial with josamycin propionate in paediatric patients.
AB  - Josamycin propionate, a tasteless josamycin derivative suitable for the
      preparation of paediatric oral suspension, was employed in a large, multicentre
      clinical study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness and safety of the drug. Two
      hundred paediatric practitioners participated in the study, and 1908 children
      (mean age 5.27 years) were treated. Respiratory and pararespiratory infections
      were the most common diagnosis. The mean daily dose of josamycin was 53.5 mg/kg
      and the drug was administered for an average of 7.31 days. Josamycin proved to be
      a highly effective antimicrobial agent for the treatment of infections occurring
      in paediatric practice, with a success rate of 97.1%. The drug also showed a high
      degree of acceptance by the young patients and was very well tolerated: only 98
      children (5.14%) developed side-effects during the treatment. However, the side
      effects observed were reliably attributable to josamycin in only 10 out of 300
      subjects who were not receiving other drugs; among these the frequency rate was
      3.33%.

PMID- 6386707
TI  - Paralytic deformities of the lower limb.
AB  - Deformity may occur in any paralytic condition in childhood. It develops after
      birth in poliomyelitis, cerebral palsy, hereditary neuropathies and muscular
      dystrophies or before birth in spina bifida, spinal agenesis and arthrogryposis.
      Paralytic deformities arise primarily in muscles and their tendons, and are due
      to diminished musculo-tendinous growth associated with unbalanced muscle action.
      Their inexorable progress is only controlled effectively by surgical correction
      of tendon length and muscle imbalance. The paralysis needs to be assessed
      according to the specific type of paralytic lesion, and surgical treatment
      applied with due reference to ultimate function in adult life.

PMID- 6386706
TI  - Current trends in the management of congenital dislocation of the hip.

PMID- 6386708
TI  - [Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head in young adults].
AB  - Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head is a well-defined entity. The underlying
      diseases originate from very different types of pathological conditions.
      Alcoholism, cortisone therapy, gout or hyperuricemia, sickle cell anaemia and
      others all lead, through various pathways, to the impairment of the medullary
      blood flow. In many instances, a compartment syndrome can be demonstrated in the
      femoral head. Death of the osteocytes follows bone marrow necrosis.
      Revascularisation originates in the periphery of the necrotic segment. Vascular
      buds and fibroblasts invade the medullary space. New bone is laid over the
      necrotic trabeculae. Mechanical failure results from changes in the bony
      framework at three different levels. The subchondral boneplate may be weakened by
      the process of revascularisation, the necrotic trabeculae may fail because of
      diminished stiffness and strength, and overloading has been demonstrated at the
      junction between dead and living bone. Elevation of the intramedullary pressure
      is the first objective sign of impending or established bone necrosis.
      Scintigraphy with Technetium 99 m - Sulphur colloid can now show the early stages
      of marrow necrosis. Roentgenographic changes only appear in a later phase of the
      disease. Aseptic necrosis must be considered as involving both hips, unless
      proven otherwise. Attention given to the "silent hip" may allow salvage and
      prevent the occurrence of osteo-arthritic changes leaving merely unilateral
      disease. As long as the geometrical shape of the femoral head is maintained
      operation may well prove useful. The aim at this stage is to prevent collapse. It
      is impossible to know in the early stages whether mechanical failure will occur,
      but there is general agreement that the femoral head will eventually undergo
      deformation. A spherical epiphysis is therefore considered a success. All the
      conservative methods aim to decompress the medullary cavity. Core biopsy,
      curettage, bone grafting and intertrochanteric osteotomy all have their
      advocates. After fracture of the subchondral bone plate has occurred, there is
      evidence that grafts are unable to restore the strength of the necrotic area.
      Intertrochanteric osteotomy brings under the main load-bearing zone a vital part
      of the femoral head. Varus osteotomy can be successful if necrosis has spared
      sufficient of the lateral portion of the head. Rotation osteotomies, as proposed
      by Sugioka, are more radical and difficult operations. The published results are
      promising. Revascularisation of the weight-bearing area by pedicle grafts has
      been attempted, alone or in addition to osteotomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 6386710
TI  - The pioneers of adolescent group psychotherapy.

PMID- 6386709
TI  - Perthes' disease.
AB  - Perthes' disease may be regarded as a generalised disorder of cartilage
      development in which there is a particular predisposition for repeated episodes
      of infarction in the proximal femoral epiphysis. The resulting deformation of the
      head is due to collapse of the ossific nucleus and irregular growth of the
      cartilage. The shape of the epiphysis is determined by the pressure of the
      surrounding structures. The most ominous factors determining prognosis are onset
      in the older child, epiphysial protrusion, extensive involvement of the epiphysis
      and arrest of subcapital growth. The overall prognosis is determined by the
      quality of preservation of the sphericity of the head, with maldevelopment
      leading to osteoarthritis. The aim of treatment is to achieve sphericity by
      containing the epiphysis within the acetabulum. A uniform regime of management
      cannot be recommended for all patients. Prolonged weight relief in containment
      appears to be the most satisfactory method of treatment in those with a pour
      prognosis. Operation is necessary to provide containment in the presence of
      ephiphyseal protrusion, and may also shorten the length of treatment in some
      younger patients. In the majority of young children the use of abduction braces
      which permit walking is recommended. In children with a minor degree of
      involvement a short period of bedrest may be all that is required. Overtreatment
      of young children should be avoided, as should undertreatment in the older age
      groups.

PMID- 6386711
TI  - Human malignant melanoma.

PMID- 6386712
TI  - Sex differences in survival from cutaneous melanoma.

PMID- 6386713
TI  - Nutrition and melanoma.

PMID- 6386714
TI  - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and Kaposi's sarcoma.

PMID- 6386715
TI  - Epidemiology and the management of health service resources.

PMID- 6386716
TI  - The design of case-control studies: the influence of confounding and interaction
      effects.
AB  - This paper considers quantitatively the extent to which the interaction or
      confounding effects of covariates may influence the design of case-control
      studies with particular reference to sample requirements and the role of
      matching. For the most part, attention is confined to a dichotomous exposure
      variable, and a single dichotomous covariate. Adjustment for confounding
      variables appears to have little effect on the power of a study unless they are
      strongly (odds ratio of 5 or more) related to both the disease and the exposure
      of interest, and only in similar circumstances will matching be of appreciable
      value. Matching also makes only a small improvement in the power to detect
      interaction effects, except under fairly extreme conditions. Both to control
      confounding and to detect interaction, the effect of matching may sometimes be to
      reduce the power of a study. The difference in power between matched and
      unmatched studies diminishes rapidly as the control-to-case ratio is increased.
      The implications of interaction effects for sample size requirements are more
      important. If one aim of a study is to detect interactions, the size of the study
      will have to be at least four times larger than if attention were confined to
      detecting main effects of the same magnitude. These conclusions are based on a
      quantitative evaluation of a wide range of possible situations.

PMID- 6386717
TI  - John Snow, the Broad Street pump and modern epidemiology.

PMID- 6386718
TI  - Localizing chlamydial infection in cervical biopsies with the immunoperoxidase
      technique.
AB  - One hundred and two cervical biopsy specimens containing varying degrees of
      chronic inflammation were stained for chlamydial antigens with the
      immunoperoxidase technique. Seven cases (6.9%) were positive. Histologically, six
      (84%) of the Chlamydia-positive cases contained severe chronic inflammation, all
      contained reparative atypia, and two (28%), follicular cervicitis. When evaluated
      separately, 22% (six of 27) of the specimens with severe inflammation were
      positive in contrast to 0% (0 of 45) of cases with mild inflammation. Positively
      staining cells were located primarily in columnar epithelium and reparative
      atypia and occasionally in areas of immature squamous metaplasia. The cytological
      finding which correlated with positive staining was cytoplasmic vacuolation;
      however, cytoplasmic vacuoles were common in cells which did not stain
      positively, and it was impossible to predict on histological grounds which
      cells/specimens would stain positively by immunoperoxidase. Because of these
      findings, the presence of chlamydial infection should be strongly suspected
      whenever the cervical biopsy specimen contains severe inflammation and repair.
      Although tissue staining may not be as sensitive as culture for diagnostic
      purposes, it can be performed rapidly and simply and may be a useful special
      stain in cases where the diagnosis of chlamydial infection is not suspected
      clinically or cultures are not immediately available.

PMID- 6386719
TI  - Histology, ultrastructure, and immunohistochemistry of strumal carcinoid: a case
      report.
AB  - A case of ovarian strumal carcinoid was studied by histochemistry, electron
      microscopy, and immunocytochemistry. The thyroid component of the tumor was micro
      macrofollicular, whereas the carcinoid areas had a trabecular growth pattern.
      Carcinoid cells contained argyrophilic, dense-core secretory granules and were
      immunopositive for serotonin but not for calcitonin, somatostatin, or
      thyroglobulin. Follicular thyroid cells were positive for thyroglobulin, and were
      negative for calcitonin and somatostatin. Thyroglobulin and serotonin-containing
      cells were present in microfollicles adjacent to areas of trabecular carcinoid
      and struma ovarii. The data suggest that strumal carcinoids develop in close
      association with struma ovarii and represent a subset of ovarian teratomas.
      Current hypotheses on the cell of origin of strumal carcinoids are reviewed.

PMID- 6386720
TI  - Estimation of glomerular filtration rate from beta 2-microglobulin serum levels
      in children.
AB  - In order to evaluate the usefulness of serum beta 2-microglobulin levels (SBM) in
      predicting the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in children, SBM values were
      plotted against Cr51 EDTA clearance values in 34 children, age 18 months or older
      (49 determinations). A linear correlation was obtained when SBM values were
      logarithmically transformed. This relationship was significantly better than that
      between serum creatinine corrected for body height (Ht/SCR) and Cr51 EDTA
      clearance. The scatter around the regression line, especially for the lower log
      SBM values was, however, too large to permit an acceptable prediction of the GFR.
      Correction of the SBM values for height did not significantly alter this
      relationship. We conclude from our findings that, although there is a good linear
      correlation between log SBM and GFR, the latter cannot be predicted within
      acceptable limits from SBM values in children.

PMID- 6386721
TI  - Autoantibodies in minimal change nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - The presence of low level antibody (AAb) activity and circulating immune
      complexes (CIC) were studied in 17 patients with minimal change nephrotic
      syndrome (MCNS). Study groups include 12 MCNS without mesangial deposits (Group
      I) and 5 MCNS with mesangial deposits (Group II). In Group I reactivity against
      normal tissue antigens was demonstrated (kidney tubular microsomal antigen - 8,
      smooth muscle - 5, gastric cell - 5). In Group II reactivity against kidney
      basement membrane was demonstrated in all five patients. CIC were detected in
      eight (Group I - 6, Group II - 2). Dissociation of the CIC showed that they all
      contained antibodies with a corresponding autoantibody activity which could be
      removed by prior incubation with their complexed antigen. The presence of these
      AAb's and their formation of CIC may indicate their role in initiating a primary
      immunological insult to the kidney.

PMID- 6386722
TI  - The absorption of ingested neptunium, plutonium and americium in newborn
      hamsters.
AB  - Hamsters aged 1, 4, 7, 22 and 30 days were given oral doses of either plutonium
      239 citrate or americium-241 nitrate. The values of gastrointestinal absorption
      obtained were 3.5, 1.4, 0.04, 0.007 and 0.003 per cent, respectively, for
      plutonium and 4.5, 1.7, 0.5, 0.006 and 0.02 per cent, respectively, for
      americium, compared with values in adults of 0.01 per cent for plutonium and 0.05
      per cent for americium. The absorption of neptunium was measured in hamsters aged
      2 and 4 days and values of 2.3 and 1.7 per cent, respectively, were obtained for
      239Np as the nitrate and 5.5 and 2.1 per cent, respectively, for 239Np as the
      bicarbonate compared with the values in adults of 0.02 per cent for both chemical
      forms. Thus, the absorption of plutonium, americium and neptunium at 1-2 days of
      age was about 100 times greater than in adults. The results for plutonium and
      americium show that absorption decreased rapidly with age over the suckling
      period. The values of absorption obtained at the time of weaning at 22 days were
      lower than in adults.

PMID- 6386723
TI  - Dose fractionation effects in low dose rate irradiation of jejunal crypt stem
      cells.
AB  - Jejunal crypt survival after fractionated total body irradiation of C3H mice
      given at dose rates of 1.2 or 0.08 Gy/min was studied. The fractionation effect
      was more pronounced at the high dose rate than at the low dose rate. Analysis of
      the data according to the linear-quadratic survival curve model yielded an
      alpha/beta value at 1.2 Gy/min of 13.3 Gy and at 0.08 Gy/min of 96 Gy.

PMID- 6386724
TI  - Heavy ion effects on yeast cells: reappearance of the oxygen effect with very
      high LET.
AB  - Survival of a diploid and a haploid wild type and a radiation-sensitive rad52
      mutant was investigated after exposure to accelerated ions in the presence or
      absence of oxygen. Ar, Kr, Xe, Sm, Pb and U ions were used with specific energies
      between 0.3 and 12 MeV/u. The results demonstrate that the oxygen enhancement
      ratios (o.e.r.) do not only depend on LET or Z*2/beta 2 but even more so on ion
      specific energy. The o.e.r.s are always higher with greater E/m values pointing
      to the importance of delta-electron action.

PMID- 6386725
TI  - The acute-phase reaction and haematological stress syndrome in vascular disease.
AB  - Both acute and chronic phases of vascular disease are associated with a stress
      response that includes increased hepatic synthesis of fibrinogen and increased
      bone marrow release of leucocytes and platelets. A likely humoral mediator of the
      stress response is interleukin-1 released by reticulo-endothelial cells following
      their stimulation by fibrinogen degradation fragments D and E. Rheological
      consequences of the stress response include hyperviscosity of plasma and whole
      blood and decreased blood filterability. Since blood filterability is influenced
      by both the plasma fibrinogen concentration and the leucocyte count, it is
      essential to completely remove these extrinsic contaminants by a pre-filtration
      step before a true measurement of erythrocyte deformability can be made.
      Understanding of the pathogenesis of these stress syndromes is also a
      prerequisite to successful therapeutic control of the rheological abnormality of
      vascular disease.

PMID- 6386727
TI  - An overdenture technique designed to protect the remaining periodontium.

PMID- 6386726
TI  - Biology of red cells: non-nucleated erythrocytes as fluid drop-like cell
      fragments.
AB  - Red blood cells as transport cells for oxygen can only be understood by
      appreciating their specialist functions. In addition to the specific functions of
      intracellular haemoglobin concentration, their flow behaviour as non-nucleated
      cell fragments is central to their role in taking up, transporting and releasing
      reversibly bound oxygen. The unique biology of mammalian red blood cells stems
      from the fact that they behave akin to fluid droplets. The specific details of
      their motion in shear fields have been demonstrated in a scientific film: 'Blood
      fluidity as a consequence of erythrocyte fluidity', film No. C 1494, available
      through the Institute for the Scientific Film, Nonnenstieg 72, 3400 Gottingen,
      FRG. The present review presents theoretical details of the flow and deformation
      of fluids, of suspensions of particles, and of emulsions of fluid droplets
      immersed in another immiscible fluid. Cytological causes, microrheological
      details of continuous red cell deformation by deformation orientation, membrane
      tanktreading, and cytoplasmic eddy flow are described. In addition, the
      consequences of the fluid drop-like behaviour of the red cells during blood flow
      in vivo and in vitro are given; an appendix contains an outline of the mechanics
      of the red cell membrane as a two dimensional elastoviscous fluid film with
      suspended proteins.

PMID- 6386728
TI  - Alternative approaches to retention of palatal lift prostheses.

PMID- 6386729
TI  - The cephalosporin antibiotic agents--I. Considered as a group.

PMID- 6386730
TI  - [Principles of sleep regulation].

PMID- 6386731
TI  - [Methods of sleep research].

PMID- 6386732
TI  - [Effect of climate and weather on sleep].

PMID- 6386733
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of hyposomnias].

PMID- 6386734
TI  - [Non-drug therapy of hyposomnias].

PMID- 6386735
TI  - [Clinical aspects of hypersomnias].

PMID- 6386736
TI  - [Sleep disorders in the aged].

PMID- 6386737
TI  - [Constrictive pericarditis and flexion contracture of the hands (Dupuytren)--a
      syndrome?].

PMID- 6386738
TI  - [14-year-old patient with septic fever, rapid decline and gait disorder].

PMID- 6386739
TI  - [Plasma exchange therapy in a patient with familial hypercholesteremia and
      generalized arteriosclerosis].

PMID- 6386741
TI  - Establishment of cell lines of uveal melanoma. Methodology and characteristics.
AB  - Six continuous cell lines have been established from choroidal and ciliary body
      melanomas. These lines have been maintained in culture for at least 100 in vitro
      population doublings for periods over 1 year. They were established initially
      using a human diploid fibroblast strain MRC-5 as a feeder layer. Cells were grown
      in Ham's F-12 medium containing fetal bovine and horse sera and supplemented with
      glucose, cholera toxin, and epidermal growth factor. Culture doubling times
      ranged from 72-96 hr; cloning efficiencies ranged from 1-5% in the absence of a
      feeder layer. Six cell lines were studied in detail by electron microscopy, and
      all were found to have evidence of melanosomes and/or premelanosomes. The
      morphology of the cells was characteristic of melanomas as defined by the
      Callender classification, with cell types ranging from spindle A to epithelioid.
      Karyotypic studies revealed the presence of only human chromosomes with modal
      numbers ranging from 48-54 in the different lines.

PMID- 6386740
TI  - Calcium-activated proteolysis in the lens nucleus during selenite
      cataractogenesis.
AB  - A single injection of 20 mumol sodium selenite/kg body weight in 10-day-old rats
      caused severe nuclear cataract within 4 days. By 4 days postselenite injection,
      nuclear calcium levels increased from 0.4 to 6.8 mmol/kg lens dry weight. The
      purpose of these experiments was to determine if this calcium increase was
      associated with proteolysis specifically in the lens nuclear region. Sodium
      dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide electrophoresis of lens nuclear proteins following
      selenite injection showed: loss of 30, 27, and 26 K molecular weight polypeptides
      in the soluble fraction, loss of 83, 52, 30, 27, and 26 K polypeptides in the
      insoluble fraction, and loss of the major 26 K membrane protein. Gel
      chromatography of nuclear soluble proteins indicated a decrease in beta H and
      beta L crystallins following selenite injection. Two-hour in vitro incubation of
      nuclear lens homogenates with calcium duplicated many of the proteolytic changes
      occurring in lenses in vivo following selenite injection. Calcium induced
      proteolysis in vitro was inhibited by EGTA, leupeptin, and iodoacetate but was
      not inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. These properties are similar to
      calcium activated protease (CAP) from other tissues. Activation of CAP, and
      subsequent degradation of nuclear proteins, may be causes of selenite cataract.

PMID- 6386742
TI  - Effects of retinal image degradation on ocular growth in cats.
AB  - High-powered negative and positive contact lenses have been used to produce a
      state of continuous retinal defocus in the eyes of 11 kittens in an attempt to
      induce a predictable amount of axial lengthening and myopia. Another group of six
      kittens had one eye continuously atropinized and a third group of four animals
      had the lids of one eye sutured. The axial dimensions and refraction were
      measured using ultrasonography and retinoscopy respectively. Although the treated
      eyes of eight kittens tested behaviorally were shown to be amblyopic, no myopia
      appeared in any animal at any stage during development and only three cats showed
      a small axial length difference between the two eyes. These results differ from
      other retinal deprivation studies reported on kittens and no satisfactory
      explanation for this discrepancy can be offered. However, it is suggested that
      the lack of change may be associated with the gross anatomy of the cat's eye, and
      it is concluded that myopia cannot be induced reliably in kittens by retinal
      image degradation.

PMID- 6386743
TI  - Muller cell expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein after genetic and
      experimental photoreceptor degeneration in the rat retina.
AB  - Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is normally found in astrocytes. In the
      normal rat retina at all ages, only astrocytes stain for GFAP. This staining
      pattern is also found in RCS rats with inherited retinal dystrophy younger than
      38 days. Beginning on day 38, when about 61% of the photoreceptors have
      degenerated, a few GFAP-positive fibers span the retina from the inner limiting
      membrane to the external limiting membrane. By day 41 and at all later ages
      examined, the radial fibers of Muller cells is a response to photoreceptor
      necrosis or might be a direct effect of the mutant gene, we induced photoreceptor
      degeneration in normal, adult Sprague-Dawley rats by exposing them to constant
      light for variable periods of time. After 3 days in constant light, there is a
      20% reduction in the number of photoreceptors and many Muller cells are positive
      for GFAP. Immunoblot studies confirmed that the anti-GFAP reacted with a single
      protein from retina that corresponded in molecular weight and Triton-insolubility
      to GFAP. The immunoblots also corroborated the results from anti-GFAP
      immunostaining of control and experimental retinas. These results indicate that
      Muller cells express GFAP immunoreactivity in response to experimentally as well
      as genetically induced photoreceptor degeneration.

PMID- 6386744
TI  - Enzyme immunoassay of progesterone in saliva.

PMID- 6386745
TI  - Crohn's disease in London in the latter half of the nineteenth century.

PMID- 6386746
TI  - Inhibition of the activation of the first component of complement, C1, by various
      amino acids or peptides.
AB  - The effects of various amino acids (or their analogues) and peptides on the
      activation or consumption of human complement by erythrocytes bound with
      hemolysin or heat-aggregated immunoglobulin G (aggIgG) were studied by using the
      hemolysis of hemolysin-bound erythrocytes, the consumption of complement by
      aggIgG in the serum, the hydrolysis of acetyl tyrosine ethyl ester by activated
      Cl (Cls), Cl hemolysis and a newly developed enzyme immunoassay, which directly
      measures interaction between Clq and aggIgG. Amino acids or peptides which were
      proposed to comprise Clq binding sites of the C2 region of IgG or their analogues
      were used. CH50 was inhibited by lysine or arginine to the largest extent, but
      other amino acids, including tranexamic acid and epsilon-amino caproic acid were
      not inhibitory up to 60 mM. The consumption of serum complement by aggIgG was
      prevented by arginine or lysine (about 60% inhibition at 60 mM) and by histidine
      to a lesser extent. The activation of Cls in the Cl complex by aggIgG
      precipitated at pH 5.5 was most inhibited by lysine, and to a lesser extent by
      tranexamic acid, arginine and epsilon-aminocaproic acid, but not glutamic acid or
      glycine. The results of Cl hemolysis indicated that, of all amino acids soluble
      at neutral pH, lysine and arginine were most effective in the inhibition of Cl
      hemolysis. Tranexamic acid and epsilon-aminocaproic acid were less effective, and
      glycine and norleucine were hardly effective. Among the dipeptides used, those
      that are composed of aromatic amino acids were very effective in the inhibition
      of Cl hemolysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6386747
TI  - The surgical treatment of fractures of the cervical spine.

PMID- 6386748
TI  - Vertebral fractures. Biomechanical aspects.

PMID- 6386749
TI  - Multimodal migraine treatment: does thermal feedback add to the outcome?

PMID- 6386750
TI  - Surgical stents for the head and neck cancer patient.
AB  - Split-thickness skin graft reconstruction following intraoral cancer surgery
      maintains functional mobility within the oral cavity and gives excellent support
      for the final intraoral rehabilitative prosthesis. We describe the use of a
      dental material, called tissue conditioner, for skin graft immobilization as an
      alternative to the usual gauze bolus and thermoplastic materials following
      surgery in various intraoral anatomic sites.

PMID- 6386751
TI  - Late sequelae of superficial irradiation.
AB  - Superficial irradiation results in well recognized late sequelae including not
      only sclerosis and atrophy of skin and subcutaneous tissue, but also the
      development of benign and malignant tumors of skin and adjacent structures. The
      long latency between irradiation and its late effects allowed the early
      uncontrolled use of radiation treatment for benign conditions. The subsequent
      recognition of the causal relationship between tumors and previous irradiation
      has restricted its use to more appropriate purposes, although it is possible that
      it is still overused in some areas of dermatologic practice. Clinicians need to
      be aware of the time interval between irradiation and the development of its late
      sequelae, and the incidence of these sequelae. Appropriate irradiation exposure
      history should be a part of the evaluation of every patient.

PMID- 6386753
TI  - Dose-response relationships for mutations induced in E. coli by some model
      compounds. With an addendum: Reaction kinetics in water of chloroethylene oxide,
      chloroacetaldehyde, and chloroacetone.

PMID- 6386752
TI  - The use of programmed electrical stimulation in patients with documented or
      suspected ventricular arrhythmias.

PMID- 6386754
TI  - Distribution of neurofilament-immunoreactive nerve fibers in human skin.
AB  - Neurofilament immunoreactive nerve fibers were demonstrated in human skin using
      indirect immunohistochemical technique with antibodies to neurofilament
      polypeptides. Neurofilament-positive fibers were seen as free nerve endings in
      the epidermis and in dermal papilla, in Meissner's corpuscles and as fibers
      crossing in the dermis. Strongly fluorescent nerve fibers were also seen around
      hair follicles, sweat gland ducts and sometimes in relation to blood vessels.
      From the distribution pattern it was concluded that predominantly sensory nerve
      fibers were labelled and that this technique may be used to study reinnervation
      of cutaneous sensory nerves following traumatic injuries and surgical procedures.

PMID- 6386755
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of gastrin-releasing peptide/bombesin-like
      immunoreactive neurons in insects.
AB  - GRP/bombesin-like immunoreactive material was immunocytochemically detected in
      neurons of seven insect species belonging to seven orders, while such neurons
      were not found in three insect species belonging to two other orders. In some
      insect species certain neurons were found in corresponding places and
      approximately the same numbers. It seems likely that such neurons have a common
      evolutionary origin and are homologous. The fact that the GRP-antiserum reveals
      such homologous neurons in species belonging to different orders, suggests that
      the part of the GRP/bombesin-like peptide recognized by the antiserum has been
      relatively stable during evolution. As the GRP-antiserum had to be used in much
      higher concentrations on insect tissue than for GRP endocrine cells in chicken
      proventriculus, the chemical resemblance of the insect peptide(s) to GRP and
      bombesin may be limited.

PMID- 6386756
TI  - The fine structure of HNK-1 (Leu7) positive cells. A study using an
      immunoperoxidase technique.
AB  - The ultrastructural characteristics of HNK-1 (Leu7) positive cells, visualized
      with a peroxidase labelled anti-mouse IgM serum, were analysed. Our investigation
      demonstrates: 1) the majority of Leu7 positive cells has a low
      nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio (N/C), an irregular outline, a well developed smooth
      endoplasmic reticulum, parallel tubular arrays (PTA) and electron dense granules;
      2) the minority of Leu7 positive cells has a high N/C, regular profiles and lacks
      electron dense granules. The presence of two distinct ultrastructural patterns
      within Leu7 positive cells may represent: 1) the expression of subsequent stages
      of cell differentiation; 2) two distinct Leu7 positive cell subpopulations.

PMID- 6386757
TI  - Investigation of proteases with chromogenic substrates after isoelectric focusing
      (IEF).
AB  - A technique is described for the detection of protease isoenzymes which is more
      sensitive than disc electrophoresis. Supernatants of crude rat and human organ
      homogenates are subjected to analytical isoelectric focusing (IEF) and the gel
      strips are finally incubated in histochemical media containing 4-methoxy-2
      naphthylamine amino acids or peptides and diazonium salts for simultaneous or
      post-coupling. The incubation media are identical with those used for section
      histochemistry of proteases. This combination of IEF and proteases histochemistry
      yields excellent and reproducible data which cannot be obtained by protease
      histochemistry alone. Post-coupling delivers less and more diffuse bands than
      simultaneous coupling. For simultaneous coupling, Fast Blue B and Fast Black K
      are the most suitable diazonium salts. More bands are found in agarose gels
      compared with polyacrylamide. Sex-differences exist for endopeptidases in the
      submandibular gland, but are absent in other rat organs. Despite their uniform
      membrane localization in tissue sections, aminopeptidase (AP) A and M and
      dipeptidylpeptidase (DPP) IV and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) show striking
      heterogeneous band patterns depending on the investigated organ. The similar band
      patterns of APA and APM can be specified by the use of activators or inhibitors.
      In rat kidney, up to 26 bands are obtained with DPP II and IV substrates, 3 for
      APA and APM and up to 12 for GGT. DPP IV of human liver is different from that in
      rat liver.

PMID- 6386758
TI  - Localisation of histamine-immunoreactivity in specific neurones of the gastropod
      CNS including a cell which has been identified as histaminergic.
AB  - Immunohistochemical procedures revealed the occurrence of histamine-like
      immunoreactivity in specific neurones in the gastropod nervous system. Positive
      staining was also associated with a characterised neurone known from previous
      biochemical studies to contain histamine. The proof of the restriction of
      histamine to specific neurones and the availability of a suitable antiserum to
      localise the amine makes it possible to examine the role of the compound in
      different nervous systems.

PMID- 6386759
TI  - Louisa Burns Memorial Lecture: Re--search.

PMID- 6386760
TI  - Hyperfractionated radiotherapy with or without misonidazole: results of a
      prospective randomized study in stage III-IV squamous cell carcinoma of the head
      and neck.
AB  - From 1979 to 1980, 52 patients with Stage III-IV squamous cell carcinoma of the
      head and neck were included in a prospective randomized study on
      hyperfractionated radiotherapy with or without misonidazole. The radiotherapeutic
      schedule consisted of two weeks of treatment split by a rest-period of one month,
      6 X 1.1 Gy fractions per day for 5 consecutive days (total dose: 2 X 33 Gy/30 f/5
      d). Total dose of misonidazole was 12 g/m2 administered daily in 1.2 g/m2
      fractions. The overall tolerance of misonidazole was good, with a neuropathy rate
      of 5.7%. Local control, recurrence and 3 year survival rates did not
      statistically differ between the two groups. The randomized trials published at
      the present time, including our own, suggest that misonidazole has no beneficial
      effect with classical, concentrated or multiple fractions per day radiotherapy.

PMID- 6386761
TI  - Treatment-related morbidity in phase III RTOG studies of extended-field
      irradiation for carcinoma of the prostate.
AB  - The incidence, severity, time of onset, and clinical course of complications of
      treatment have been reviewed in the RTOG studies of extended field irradiation in
      carcinoma of the prostate. A total of 526 patients, entered between 1976 and 1980
      and followed for a minimum of 18 months, comprised the study population. In most
      instances of treatment-related morbidity, the symptoms were recorded during the
      first several months to 1 year following completion of treatment. Late
      occurrences, however, were not uncommon in certain types of radiation-produced
      injuries, such as proctitis, hematuria, and urethral strictures. Resolution of
      symptoms has been observed in a large proportion of patients including those with
      late occurrences of treatment-related morbidity, although the probability and the
      pattern of resolution differed considerably from one type of morbidity to
      another. Symptoms of cystitis are more likely to abate than those of proctitis.
      In patients who develop symptoms of proctitis the probability of persistence of
      symptoms beyond the second year following occurrence has been estimated at 20%
      30%. Hematuria and symptoms secondary to urethral strictures seem to be even more
      likely to recur or persist, while genital and leg edema remain chronic in the
      majority of patients.

PMID- 6386762
TI  - A clinical trial evaluating cholestyramine to prevent diarrhea in patients
      maintained on low-fat diets during pelvic radiation therapy.
AB  - A prospective randomized trial to determine the value of a low fat diet with or
      without cholestyramine in the treatment of acute intestinal complications of
      pelvic irradiation is presented. A total of 35 patients receiving pelvic
      irradiation were entered in the study and all patients had received a 40 gm fat
      diet. The group was then randomized to receive either placebo (17 patients) or
      cholestyramine (18 patients). Diarrhea occurred in six out of 16 evaluable
      patients in the control group and only one of the 17 evaluable patients in the
      cholestyramine group. The frequency of diarrhea and the diarrhea scale remained
      high in the placebo group in the entire observation period. Statistical analysis
      had revealed better diarrhea control in the cholestyramine group (p = less than
      0.05). In this report mechanism by which diarrhea occurs following pelvic
      irradiation is discussed. The adverse effects associated with the use of
      cholestyramine have been presented. It was concluded that cholestyramine is
      effective in preventing acute diarrhea induced by pelvic irradiation in patients
      receiving a low fat diet but is associated with side effects.

PMID- 6386763
TI  - Characterization of the biophysical properties of human tumor and bone marrow
      cells as a preliminary step to the use of centrifugal elutriation in autologous
      bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - The principle of centrifugal elutriation (CE) depends on a balance of an
      outwardly directed centrifugal force and inwardly directed fluid flow and buoyant
      forces. This method (CE) can be used effectively to separate cells on the basis
      of size. In the murine model, neoplastic cells from different tumors are
      generally larger than bone marrow cells and can be removed from bone marrow
      almost completely with centrifugal elutriation. In order to determine if CE is
      capable of eliminating human tumor cells from harvested bone marrow (BM), the
      biophysical characteristics of a variety of human tumor cells and bone marrow
      cells were determined. Human tumor cells were dispersed into single cell
      suspensions by several enzymatic digestion and mechanical dissociation methods.
      The size and density characteristics of these cells were determined with an
      electronic particle counter and channelyzer and density gradients. Of 40 solid
      tumors studied, 29 tumors had cell size distributions distinctively larger than
      BM, as was found in the experimental animal model. The cell size distributions of
      tumor cells from 11 solid tumors and 7 leukemias were not substantially different
      from that of BM. Mixtures of BM and cultured human hypernephroma, ovarian, and
      neuroblastoma cells, were separated into BM and tumor fractions by CE. The
      separation results as indicated by the labeling index and colony forming
      efficiency of tumor cells in each fraction showed that a BM fraction virtually
      free of tumor cells could be obtained. Thus, CE should be able to separate BM
      cells from most tumor cells metastatic to BM.

PMID- 6386764
TI  - Use of ultrasound scan in prostatic I-125 implantation.
AB  - The average dimension of prostate was measured by transabdominal ultrasonography
      preoperatively to compare with direct intraoperative measurements in 28 patients
      undergoing suprapubic I-125 seed implantation for the treatment of prostatic
      cancer. A highly significant correlation (r = 0.932) was found between these two
      measurements. Transabdominal ultrasonography is a relatively simple and accurate
      non-invasive method of determining the number of I-125 seeds needed to implant
      the patient with prostatic malignancy.

PMID- 6386765
TI  - Towards an international consensus in defining psychophysiology.

PMID- 6386766
TI  - Physiological responses to prolonged bed rest and fluid immersion in humans.
AB  - Rest in bed and immersion in water have been used for centuries by physicians and
      healers in treating injury and disease. The qualitative similarity of acute and
      chronic responses to bed rest, immersion, and weightlessness has sparked renewed
      interest in and a resultant greater understanding of the mechanisms of disuse
      deconditioning. Some combination of changes in hydrostatic pressure, reduced
      total metabolism (exercise), compression force on weight-bearing bones, as well
      as psychological factors associated with prolonged confinement in a new
      environment probably comprise the major input stimuli for the adaptive responses.
      Virtually every physiological system is affected. Early responses involve the
      fluid, electrolyte, and blood pressure control systems with significant muscular
      atrophy and decreases in bone density occurring over weeks and months. Much
      effort has been expended to describe the various responses to bed rest and
      immersion with understandably less effort devoted to research during
      weightlessness. Future research should be directed mainly toward an understanding
      of the mechanisms of these adaptive responses. Additional work is especially
      needed to elucidate the effects of deconditioning on drug metabolism, functioning
      of the immune system, carbohydrate metabolism, protein and peptide metabolism in
      muscle, and calcium metabolism as it affects integrity of bone.

PMID- 6386767
TI  - Stephen Hales: neglected respiratory physiologist.
AB  - Stephen Hales was an eminent early 18th century scientist and minister of the
      parish of Teddington near London. He is well known for his early work on blood
      pressure. However, he made many contributions to respiratory physiology. He
      clarified the nature of the respiratory gases, distinguishing between their free
      (gaseous) and fixed (chemically combined) forms, demonstrated that rebreathing
      from a closed circuit could be extended if suitable gas absorbers were included
      (to remove carbon dioxide), suggested a similar device as a respirator for
      noxious atmospheres, invented the pneumatic trough for collecting gases, measured
      the size of the alveoli, calculated the surface area of the interior of the lung,
      calculated the time spent by the blood in a pulmonary capillary, invented the U
      tube manometer, and measured intrathoracic pressures during normal and forced
      breathing. Hale's work is remarkable for its emphasis on the "statical" method,
      i.e., meticulous attention to detail in measurement and careful calculations. In
      his later life he made important contributions in the area of public health. He
      was a trustee of the new colony of Georgia and willed his own library of books to
      the colony though their whereabouts is unknown. He deserves more recognition in
      the history of respiratory physiology.

PMID- 6386768
TI  - Lung serotonin uptake kinetics from indicator-dilution and constant-infusion
      methods.
AB  - The kinetics of the pulmonary endothelial uptake of serotonin (5-HT) were
      evaluated in isolated dog lung lobes using three methods. In method A serotonin
      was infused at various constant rates to provide a range of capillary
      concentrations that included Km. The arterial and venous concentrations measured
      by high-performance liquid chromatography were then used to determine the effect
      of concentration on the rate of 5-HT uptake. In method B trace doses of 5-[3H]HT
      and a reference indicator (indocyanine green dye) were injected during each
      constant infusion of unlabeled 5-HT to provide a measure of unidirectional 5-HT
      uptake at each background concentration. In method C boluses containing different
      amounts of unlabeled 5-HT, along with the 5-[3H]HT and the dye, were injected
      such that each bolus resulted in a range of concentrations and provided a measure
      of the unidirectional uptake at each concentration. Each method provided the data
      needed to calculate the maximum uptake rate (Vmax) and the concentration at
      Vmax/2 (Km), assuming that the uptake kinetics can be represented by the
      Michaelis-Menten equation. However, the mathematical model underlying each method
      involved different assumptions about the returning flux of the 5-HT which entered
      the endothelial cell and the heterogeneity of vascular transit times. The results
      obtained, considered in light of the different assumptions involved, indicate
      that all three methods can provide reasonable estimates of the mass transfer
      kinetic constants if the constant infusions of 5-HT are of short duration and/or
      the boluses are adequately dispersed prior to reaching the capillary bed.

PMID- 6386769
TI  - Thromboxane and prostacyclin synthesis following whole body irradiation in rats.
AB  - The effect of radiation on the mechanism and source of in vivo thromboxane B2
      (TxB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) synthesis was
      evaluated. Rats were irradiated with 2, 10, or 20 gray (Gy) whole-body gamma
      irradiation and showed an increase in urine TxB2 after either 10 or 20 Gy. Urine
      6-keto-PGF1 alpha was elevated only after exposure to 20 Gy. Irradiation did not
      alter urine volume or osmolarity, nor was there a correlation between urine
      osmolarity and the urinary concentration of TxB2 r 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. Rats were
      pretreated with indomethacin to determine if radiation-induced alterations in
      urine TxB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha could be suppressed. Pretreatment with
      indomethacin significantly decreased urine TxB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in both
      irradiated and nonirradiated animals. Finally, the sources of urinary
      cyclooxygenase products were investigated using an isogravitometric cross
      perfusion system. These experiments demonstrated that urine TxB2 is derived from
      extrarenal sources, whereas 6-keto-PGF1 alpha is synthesized primarily by the
      kidney. It may be concluded that radiation exposure increases in vivo
      cyclooxygenase pathway activity by both renal and extrarenal tissues.

PMID- 6386770
TI  - Spontaneous regression of fetal ascites in utero in an adolescent.
AB  - Fetal ascites has been documented by ultrasound to progressively disappear prior
      to birth. This report describes a case in a nineteen-year-old in which fetal
      ascites was documented in the midtrimester of pregnancy and in which subsequent
      regression was shown by ultrasound. Although nonimmune fetal hydrops commonly has
      a poor prognosis, it is possible to adopt an observant attitude while a carefully
      evaluating for an etiology of fetal ascites.

PMID- 6386771
TI  - Pericarditis associated with Salmonella.

PMID- 6386772
TI  - Dermatitis herpetiformis--does it exist?

PMID- 6386773
TI  - Effect of immunosuppressive drug therapy on blood urea nitrogen concentration in
      dogs with azotemia.
AB  - Azotemic dogs receiving prednisone and azathioprine to enhance renal allograft
      survival had higher blood urea nitrogen (BUN):serum creatinine (SC) ratios, when
      compared with nontreated dogs with induced azotemia. The difference in ratios
      probably was attributable to increased BUN content secondary to the catabolic
      effects of the drugs used. However, dogs with naturally occurring renal failure
      had BUN:SC ratios that were similar to those for dogs receiving the catabolic
      drugs. It was concluded that even though catabolic drugs may influence BUN:SC
      ratios, the multiplicity of other factors affecting BUN and SC may interact to
      cause a wide range of BUN:SC ratios under conditions of naturally occurring
      primary renal failure in the dog.

PMID- 6386774
TI  - Bullous pemphigoid in a dog: treatment with six-mercaptopurine.

PMID- 6386775
TI  - Pterygopalatine ganglion cytology in monkeys.
AB  - By the use of dissection and of light and electron microscopy, the normal
      structure of the pterygopalatine ganglion was studied in cynomolgus and rhesus
      monkeys. A set of cytological features, namely, small cell size, close packing,
      peripheral distribution of Nissl bodies, eccentricity of the nucleus and rounded
      cell shape, was identified which may be unique to monkey pterygopalatine cells.

PMID- 6386776
TI  - Topographical variation in the calcified zone of upper femoral articular
      cartilage.
AB  - A series of 27 adult human femoral heads has been examined for topographical
      variation in 'remodelling' and other histological features of the calcified zone
      at the base of the articular cartilage. The specimens were obtained from
      necropsies; hip joints with osteoarthritic bone exposure were excluded. A tissue
      sample from the inferomedial aspect was compared with one from the femoral
      zenith, using a standard length along the articular contour at each site.
      Histological sections were cut in a plane vertical to that of the articular
      surface. A study was made of the various patterns seen within cartilage tidemarks
      when these were examined at high magnification in paraffin sections stained with
      Ehrlich's haematoxylin and eosin. Special attention was paid to the
      identification of tidemark segments which stained faintly and were not readily
      apparent. The tidemarks were mapped on a photomicrographic montage from each of
      the tissue samples. When a sample showed evidence of one or more extra phases of
      cartilage calcification, as indicated by the presence of more than one tidemark,
      the spatial extent of the extra calcification was quantified by linear
      measurement and by point counting on the photomicrographic montage. The mean of
      the results for the spatial extent of extra-phase calcification of the cartilage
      was greater for the inferomedial than for the zenith samples. However, it was
      also greater for samples where the articular surface showed minimal fibrillation
      than for samples where the surface was still intact, and it was noted that
      surface fibrillation was much more common in the inferomedial than in the zenith
      samples. Where there was more than one tidemark, the lowest sometimes showed gaps
      where it had been breached by an advance of ossification into the calcified
      cartilage. The mean value of the tangential extent of such gaps was similar at
      the two sites sampled. Focal contacts, where the uncalcified articular cartilage
      was in contiguity with calcified zone 'defects' containing tissue other than
      calcified hyaline cartilage, were more numerous at the femoral zenith than
      inferomedial to the fovea. Counts were also made of tangential shearing splits at
      the interface of the calcified and uncalcified cartilage. Subject to the
      reservation that genuine splitting may be difficult to distinguish from technical
      artifact, the mean number was closely similar at the two sites sampled. The
      interpretation of the findings is discussed in relation to remodelling changes in
      the cartilage base and to degenerative changes in the overlying articular
      cartilage.

PMID- 6386777
TI  - Glutamic acid decarboxylase immunoreactivity of olivocochlear neurons in the
      organ of Corti of guinea pig and rat.
AB  - The distribution of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-like immunoreactivity in
      the organ of Corti of guinea pig and rat was studied under the light microscope.
      Indirect immunohistochemical techniques were used. Cochleae were first incubated
      with a specific antiserum to rat brain GAD and then stained through an avidin
      biotin-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) procedure. GAD-like immunoreactivity was
      visualized as staining with HRP reaction product. Surface preparations were
      prepared from the immunoreacted cochleae. GAD-like immunoreactivity was found in
      the inner spiral bundle, tunnel spiral bundle, tunnel crossing fibers, outer hair
      cell synaptic regions and outer spiral bundles. Little staining was seen in the
      basal turn. Most of the immunoreactivity was seen in the third and lower fourth
      turn of the guinea pig cochlea, but even there many efferent fibers and endings
      were unstained. It is concluded that GAD-like immunoreactivity is present in a
      subpopulation of cochlear efferents that contains elements from both the medial
      and the lateral olivocochlear system. Future studies are needed to determine
      whether this subpopulation is GABA-ergic (i.e. uses gamma-aminobutyric acid as a
      neurotransmitter) and/or cholinergic.

PMID- 6386778
TI  - Insulin binding to liver microsomes from lean and obese swine during growth to
      market weight.
AB  - Insulin binding to liver microsomes from lean (Yorkshire) and obese (Ossabaw)
      swine was measured at four different times during growth to market weight. Over
      the physiological range of insulin, binding decreased during growth to market
      weight in Yorkshire swine. This was not observed for Ossabaw swine. When
      comparisons of insulin binding were made between lean and obese swine of a
      similar age, microsomes from lean swine bound more insulin over the physiological
      range of insulin than microsomes of obese swine. This difference was also
      observed when comparisons were made at similar live weights. The dissociation
      constant (Kd) for the high affinity receptor population increased with growth in
      both breeds indicating that binding affinity was decreasing. Over the
      physiological range of insulin, binding affinity was lower for liver microsomes
      of obese swine vs liver microsomes from lean swine when comparisons were made at
      a similar age. These results suggest that the liver of obese swine is moderately
      insensitive to insulin and that binding of insulin to liver from lean swine
      declines during growth to market weight.

PMID- 6386779
TI  - Hormonal responses to high and low planes of nutrition in weanling thoroughbreds.
AB  - Growth-related skeletal diseases in young horses have been associated with high
      planes of nutrition, although the mechanisms underlying such an association have
      not been determined. It is likely that nutrition-induced effects on growth rate
      or growth quality involve the endocrine system. Hormonal and metabolic responses
      to the ingestion of meals containing either 80% (diet A) or 160% (diet B) of
      National Research Council energy and protein recommendations were examined in
      eight Thoroughbred weanling horses after 3 wk of dietary adaptation. After 24 h
      fasts, prefeeding serum concentrations of thyroxine (T4) and insulin and plasma
      concentrations of glucose, total protein, total triglycerides, creatinine, Ca and
      P were similar regardless of which diet the horses had been consuming. Serum
      cortisol concentrations were higher (P less than .05) in horses when fasted from
      diet B. Thyroxine, insulin and glucose concentrations increased during ingestion
      of both meals. During the first hour after ingestion of diet A, T4 concentrations
      increased to about 150% of fasting concentrations, whereas after diet B, T4
      concentrations decreased to about 85% of fasting concentrations. Concentrations
      of T4 were not different from fasting concentrations 4 h after the ingestion of
      both diets. Glucose concentrations increased during the first hour
      postprandially, from about 105 mg/dl to about 165 mg/dl. However, glucose
      decreased more rapidly after ingestion of diet B. Serum insulin concentrations
      increased more rapidly after ingestion of diet B. Cortisol concentrations
      decreased after both meals, and the concentrations of the other metabolites
      measured were not affected by diet level or by meal consumption.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6386780
TI  - Inositol as a lipotropic agent in dairy cattle diets.
AB  - Fatty liver syndrome or hepatic lipidosis (HL) is a condition thought to
      contribute to an increased incidence of peripartum disease, reduced response to
      therapy and decreased fertility in dairy cows. This syndrome is characterized by
      excess triglyceride (TG) accumulation in the liver and apparent decreased hepatic
      lipoprotein output. In lactating rats, a similar condition results from feeding
      an inositol-deficient diet. It is also characterized by excess hepatic TG
      accumulation and decreased hepatic lipoprotein output. Myo-inositol is a
      necessary component of the phospholipid phosphatidyl-inositol, which is an
      important membrane constituent. Myo-inositol occurs in feed mainly as the
      inositol hexaphosphate phytic acid. Phytic acid is undigestible by the
      monogastric but rumen phytases are assumed to adequately hydrolyze it. In early
      lactation dairy cows, lipid mobilization is intense, and the myo-inositol
      requirement may exceed the dietary supply or availability. Myo-inositol is being
      tested in a field trial as a potential lipotropic agent for dairy cows.
      Preliminary results suggest no lipotropic benefit from added myo-inositol.

PMID- 6386781
TI  - Thiamin and niacin in the rumen.
AB  - Thiamin analogs, produced in the rumen by thiaminase I, in the presence of a
      cosubstrate appear to be responsible for the central nervous system disorder,
      polioencephalomalacia (PEM). For PEM to occur, an analog must be produced that
      inhibits an essential thiamin-requiring reaction, and results from a cosubstrate
      present in the rumen. In high concentrate diets, thiaminase I is produced by
      rumen microbes. However, PEM can also be caused by thiaminase I of plant origin.
      Based on physical characteristics and cosubstrate specificity, the thiaminase I
      enzymes produced by Bacillus thiaminolyticus and Clostridium sporogenes appear to
      be different from the enzyme produced by the rumen. Because niacin and certain
      antihelmentics are thiaminase I cosubstrates, they should be used cautiously.
      Supplementary niacin increased microbial protein synthesis in vitro and in vivo,
      and was more effective with urea than soybean meal. Supplementary niacin (5 to 6
      g X cow-1 X d-1) increased milk production in postpartum cows but not in those in
      mid-lactation, and in cows fed soybean meal but not in those fed urea. We believe
      the heating of soybean meal during commercial processing decreased the
      availability of niacin for rumen protozoa. Supplementary niacin for postpartum
      cows increased blood glucose, decreased blood ketones and reduced the incidence
      of ketosis. Niacin flow to the small intestine and its absorption from the small
      intestine increased with niacin supplementation. Supplemental niacin prevented
      the postpartum decrease in red blood cell niacin observed in control cows.

PMID- 6386782
TI  - Nickel as a "newer trace element" in the nutrition of domestic animals.
AB  - Evidence is reviewed that indicates Ni is an essential element for the chick,
      rat, pig, sheep and goat. Although a number of possible functions for Ni have
      been proposed based on in vitro and in vivo studies, the physiological role of Ni
      in the mammalian or avian system is presently unknown. Rumen bacterial urease has
      been shown to be a Ni-dependent enzyme and Ni is a component of factor F430
      present in methanogenic bacteria. Nickel can interact or influence the metabolism
      of a number of minerals. Interactions of Ni and Fe, Zn and Cu are discussed. The
      requirement for Ni is low (50 to 60 ppb) in chicks fed semipurified diets.
      Insufficient data are available to estimate the Ni requirement of swine. In
      ruminants, the Ni requirement appears to be higher than that for other animal
      species. Nickel supplementation to practical diets has increased gain, feed
      efficiency and ruminal urease activity in ruminants, but performance results have
      been inconsistent. Level of crude protein and urea are two factors that influence
      ruminant responses to dietary Ni. The greatest responses have been observed in
      ruminants fed low protein diets. Little is known concerning levels, forms and
      bioavailability of Ni in different feedstuffs. Nickel is homeostatically
      controlled in the animal's body and high levels of Ni are required to cause
      toxicity.

PMID- 6386783
TI  - Influence of dietary aluminum on nutrient utilization in ruminants.
AB  - Aluminum enters the ruminant diet through plant-accumulated Al, soil ingestion,
      feed and water contamination, and as an additive to alter metabolism or
      absorption of other minerals. Ingested Al is usually poorly absorbed and has been
      shown to depress utilization of dietary F and P, largely due to the formation of
      insoluble, nonabsorbable Al complexes. Aluminum has been suggested for use in
      alleviating F toxicosis in ruminants. Increases in fecal F and decreases in
      dental lesions and bone F content have been observed by some researchers in
      response to dietary Al. The Al content of certain P supplements has been
      associated with poor P utilization. Levels of 1,450 ppm Al as AlCl3 in the diet
      of lambs lowered P absorption and resulted in a need for increased dietary P. It
      has been suggested that absorbed Al decreases P incorporation into DNA and RNA,
      with shifts of ATP to AMP and ADP. Aluminum administration has resulted in
      alterations in carbohydrate metabolism in rats and in parathyroid function in
      man. In sheep, 2,000 ppm dietary Al as AlCl3 depressed kidney Mg and plasma Mg
      and P concentrations. Sheep dosed via rumen cannula with 2,000 ppm Al as citrate,
      exhibited lower serum Mg and increased urinary Ca excretion. Steers dosed via
      rumen cannula with 4,000 ppm Al as Al2 (SO4)3 had lowered serum Mg values within
      24 h.

PMID- 6386784
TI  - Potential interactions of ionophore drugs with divalent cations and their
      function in the animal body.
AB  - The ionophoretic antibiotics, monensin and lasalocid, bind numerous mono- and
      divalent cations, primarily in dimeric complexes that facilitate the passage of
      metal ions through hydrophobic lipid membranes. Ionophores vary in their affinity
      for metal ions. Similarly, transport rates of the resulting complexes depend in
      part upon the affinity constant of the drug ion-binding interaction, and in part,
      upon local environmental and physical factors. The normal uptake, transport and
      use of divalent minerals in the animal body is accomplished via numerous
      endogenous "ionophore" transport routes. We studied the possibility that
      exogenous ionophores such as monensin and lasalocid might alter normal intestinal
      uptake of divalent metal ions. In the first experiment, chickens were fed either
      monensin or lasalocid; 45Ca, 59Fe or 64Cu was individually instilled into an
      exteriorized isolated loop of the duodenum and absorption allowed for 1 h.
      Radioactivity was measured in the duodenal mucosa. Compared with controls, 59Fe
      and 64Cu were lower in tissues from animals given monensin, but higher in animals
      given lasalocid. 45Ca was lowered in gut mucosa by both drugs. In the second
      experiment, liver Cu, Fe and Zn were measured in chickens and sheep fed diets
      containing monensin or lasalocid. Small differences in basal tissue levels of
      ions were observed in both sheep and chickens fed the ionophoretic drugs.
      Drenching sheep with 100 mg X animal-1 X d-1 Cu2+ as CuSO4 resulted in enhanced
      Cu accumulation in all animals, with the largest accumulation measured in those
      fed monensin. These preliminary data suggest that adding monensin and lasalocid
      to diets may change the bioavailability, gut uptake and tissue deposition of
      divalent minerals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6386785
TI  - Interaction of some polyhexamethylene biguanides and membrane phospholipids in
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - The interaction between some polyhexamethylene biguanides and the cell envelope
      of Escherichia coli has been investigated. An amine-ended dimer, (AED, n = 2), a
      polydisperse mixture (ICI plc) available as the active ingredient of Vantocil IB,
      (PHMB, n = 5.5), and a high molecular weight fraction, (HMW, n = greater than or
      equal to 10) of PHMB were used. The sensitivity of batch cultures depleted of
      magnesium (M-dep), phosphorus (P-dep) or glycerol (C-dep) towards the biocides
      was assessed by monitoring the rate and extent of potassium ion leakage. P-dep
      suspensions were particularly resistant to all these agents and possessed less
      than half the quantity of phospholipid of other cell types. This was compensated
      for by a proportionate increase in fatty acid and neutral lipid content of the
      cells. The reduction in phospholipid content was accounted for by decreases in
      phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE).
      Diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) and phosphatidylserine (PS) content of the cultures
      remained unaffected by the depleting nutrient. Fourier-transform n.m.r.
      spectroscopy was used to study proton nuclei during the interaction of HMW, AED
      and PHMB with various phospholipid-vesicle preparations. The results strongly
      suggest that the biocides acted preferentially on the acidic phospholipids PG and
      DPG, rather than towards PE or PS. Resistance of P-dep cultures therefore
      reflected reductions in PG content. A molecular basis for the interaction of
      these compounds and membranes is proposed.

PMID- 6386786
TI  - Ophthalmia neonatorum: relative efficacy of current prophylactic practices and
      treatment.

PMID- 6386787
TI  - Extraction of ceftazidime in bone.
AB  - The extraction of ceftazidime has been measured in bone by means of the outflow
      dilution technique following injection into the perfused nutrient artery of the
      canine tibia. The instantaneous extraction was found to be 0.71 +/- 0.18 and the
      net extraction was 0.55 +/- 0.25 (mean +/- S.D. n = 5). The extraction of this
      antibiotic is relatively high and this experiment demonstrates the fact that
      antibiotics leave capillaries in bone and pass into the fluid spaces where they
      can act on pathogenic organisms.

PMID- 6386788
TI  - Treatment and prevention of herpes genital infection.
AB  - The recent introduction of acyclovir for the treatment of genital herpes offers
      new hope for sufferers of this troublesome and recurrent condition. The results
      of the published trials with acyclovir in both primary and recurrent genital
      herpes are reviewed. The results show that acyclovir is a useful drug for the
      treatment of primary infections, but has a limited role in treating recurrences.
      Preliminary results with prophylactic oral acyclovir suggest that this form of
      therapy may be useful in patients with frequent severe recurrences.

PMID- 6386789
TI  - Enantiospecificity of immobilized horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase.
AB  - Horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) accepts a wide structural range of
      substrates but exhibits a well-defined and predictable stereospecificity. The
      enzyme was immobilized on CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B. The immobilized
      preparation was used to oxidize the enantiomeric pair of cis-1,2
      bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-cyclopentene enantioselectively to a mixture of two
      diastereoisomeric chiral lactones. The two diastereoisomeric products are readily
      separated and each was isolated with an optical yield of greater than 99%.

PMID- 6386790
TI  - General stability of thermophilic enzymes: studies on 6-phosphogluconate
      dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus and yeast.
AB  - The thermophilic enzyme 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-phospho-D
      gluconate:NADP oxidoreductase, decarboxylating, EC 1.1.1.44) from Bacillus
      stearothermophilus was much more resistant to inactivation under different
      conditions of temperature, pH, guanidine-hydrochloride, and organic solvents
      (dioxane, dimethylformamide, acetone) than its mesophilic counterpart from yeast.
      In addition, the thermophilic enzyme largely withstands proteolysis with trypsin,
      chymotrypsin, and elastase when compared with the yeast enzyme. It is proposed
      that thermophilic enzymes are not only thermostable, but also generally more
      stable to most common protein denaturants than their mesophilic counterparts.
      Because of their remarkable stability, enzymes isolated from thermophilic
      microorganisms may be ideally suited for technological applications.

PMID- 6386791
TI  - [Echographic studies of the adrenal glands].

PMID- 6386792
TI  - The epidemiology of obsessive compulsive disorder.
AB  - The literature on the epidemiology and genetics of obsessive compulsive disorder
      (OCD) is reviewed. The application of recently developed diagnostic criteria,
      psychometric testing, and biologic markers to epidemiologic studies of OCD should
      provide important new data for increasing our understanding of the pathogenesis
      of the disorder. Identification of diagnostic subgroups will be important in
      reliably evaluating treatment response to current and new therapeutic agents.
      Directions for potential research in these areas are discussed.

PMID- 6386793
TI  - A double-blind study of the efficacy and safety of dothiepin hydrochloride in the
      treatment of major depressive disorder.
AB  - In a 6-week double-blind parallel treatment study, dothiepin and amitriptyline
      were compared to placebo in the treatment of 33 depressed outpatients. Dothiepin
      and amitriptyline were equally effective in alleviating the symptoms of
      depressive illness, and both were significantly superior to placebo. The overall
      incidence of side effects and the frequency and severity of blurred vision, dry
      mouth, and drowsiness were significantly less with dothiepin than with
      amitriptyline. Dothiepin also produced fewer CNS and cardiovascular effects.
      There were no clinically important changes in laboratory parameters. Dothiepin
      thus was found to be an effective antidepressant drug associated with fewer side
      effects than amitriptyline in the treatment of depressed outpatients.

PMID- 6386794
TI  - Attention deficit disorder and the effect of methylphenidate on attention,
      behavioral, and cardiovascular functioning.
AB  - The effect of a 0.3 mg/kg dose of methylphenidate on attentional, behavioral, and
      cardiovascular measures in boys with attention deficit disorder (ADD) was
      examined. The results of double-blind clinical trials demonstrated a significant
      improvement in sustained attention and impulse control, as well as in ratings of
      social behavior by both teachers and parents. Consistent with previous research,
      cardiovascular functioning did not significantly increase as a function of
      methylphenidate. Due to the large intraindividual variability in cardiovascular
      response, careful monitoring of each patient's response is recommended.

PMID- 6386795
TI  - Isolation of two kinds of E. coli K-12 mutants for lysophospholipase L2: one with
      an elevated level of the enzyme and the other defective in it.
AB  - Two kinds of E. coli K-12 mutants for lysophospholipase L2 (located in the inner
      membrane) were isolated, using an improved version of the colony autoradiographic
      method developed by Raetz; these were, 1) strains carrying an elevated level of
      the enzyme and 2) strains defective or temperature-sensitive in the enzyme.
      Characterization of the crude lysates of these mutants revealed that the
      differences of lysophospholipase L2 activity are not due to the presence or
      absence of regulatory factors. Evidence was obtained, by using these mutants,
      that this lysophospholipase L2 transfers the acyl group of 2-acyl
      lysophospholipid to phosphatidylglycerol, forming acyl phosphatidylglycerol.

PMID- 6386796
TI  - Nucleotide sequence involved in the replication of cloned yeast mitochondrial
      DNA.
AB  - A fragment of yeast mitochondrial DNA, Alu B, has two subfragments, Alu B1 and
      Alu B2. They were each cloned and sequenced. The autonomously replicating
      function of the curtailed Alu B1 (342 bp) was defined within 186 bp. A GC-rich
      sequence identical to the oris sequence in the curtailed Alu B1 was unnecessary
      for its autonomously replicating function. The 186 bp sequence had an ATATAAAT
      sequence and the stem and loop structures. The base sequence of Alu B2 also
      contained the same octanucleotides, the stem and loop structures, one oris
      sequence and one unique GC cluster. Yeast transformants with cloned Alu B2 grew
      slowly. The cloned Alu B2 was enlarged in the yeast host concomitantly with
      compensation of the slow growth of the transformants.

PMID- 6386797
TI  - The kinetic mechanism of kanamycin acetyltransferase derived from the use of
      alternative antibiotics and coenzymes.
AB  - Kinetic data for the 6'-aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme, AAC(6')-4, also named
      kanamycin acetyltransferase, have been collected for six aminoglycoside
      antibiotics (amikacin, gentamicin C1a, kanamycin A, neomycin B, sisomicin, and
      tobramycin) and three coenzymes (acetyl-CoA, n-propionyl-CoA, and n-butyryl-CoA).
      The initial velocity pattern using acetyl-CoA favors a ping-pong kinetic
      mechanism (Kia = -0.34 +/- 0.34 microM), but the pattern using n-propionyl-CoA
      supports a sequential one (Kia = 2.7 +/- 0.8 microM). Kinetic analyses using
      alternative substrates confirm the sequential mechanism and, moreover, clearly
      identify a random order of addition of antibiotic and coenzyme because V/K values
      of antibiotics varied 40-fold as the identity of the coenzyme was changed and V/K
      values of coenzyme varied 13-fold as the identity of the antibiotic was changed.
      One or both sets of values would have remained unchanged if the mechanism were
      either ordered sequential or ping-pong. Combining these results with structure
      activity data which argue for a rapid rate of release of substrates and products
      relative to the rate of enzymatic turnover (Radika, K., and Northrop, D. B.
      (1984) Biochemistry 25, in press) establishes the kinetic mechanism as rapid
      equilibrium random sequential.

PMID- 6386798
TI  - The primary structure of human liver manganese superoxide dismutase.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of manganese superoxide dismutase from human
      liver was determined. The sequence was deduced following characterization of the
      peptides obtained from tryptic, chymotryptic, and Staphylococcus aureus digests
      of the apoprotein. Chemical cleavage with dimethyl sulfoxide-hydrobromic acid was
      also carried out. The amino acid sequence listed below is made up of 196 amino
      acids and the two subunit polypeptides in the native enzyme appear to be
      identical. No homology was observed with copper/zinc containing class of
      superoxide dismutase. Lys-His-Ser-Leu-Pro-Asp-Leu-Pro-Tyr-Asp-Tyr-Gly-Ala-Leu-Glu
      Pro-His-Il e -Asn-Ala-Gln-Ile-Met-Gln-Leu-His-His-Ser-Lys-His-His-Ala-Ala-Tyr-Val
      Asn -Asn-Leu-Asn-Val-Thr-Gln-Glu-Lys-Tyr-Gln-Glu-Ala-Leu-Ala-Lys-Gly-Asp-Val -Thr
      Ala-Gln-Ile-Ala-Leu-Gln-Pro-Ala-Leu-Lys-Phe-Asn-Gly-Gly-Gly-His-Ile -Asn-His-Ser
      Ile-Phe-Trp-Thr-Asn-Leu-Ser-Pro-Asn-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gln-Pro-Lys -Gly-Glu-Leu-Leu-Glu
      Ala-Ile-Lys-Arg-Asp-Phe-Gly-Ser-Phe-Asp-Lys-Phe-Lys -Gln-Lys-Leu-Thr-Ala-Ala-Ser
      Val-Gly-Val-Gln-Gly-Ser-Gly-Trp-Leu-Gly-Phe -Asn-Lys-Gln-Arg-Gly-His-Leu-Gln-Ile
      Ala-Ala-Cys-Pro-Asn-Gln-Asp-Pro-Leu -Gln-Gly-Thr-Thr-Gly-Leu-Ile-Pro-Leu-Leu-Gly
      Ile-Asp-Val-Trp-Glu-His-Ala -Tyr-Tyr-Leu-Gln-Tyr-Lys-Asn-Val-Arg-Pro-Asp-Tyr-Leu
      Lys-Ala-Ile-Trp-Asn -Val-Ile-Asn-Trp-Glu-Asn-Val-Thr-Glu-Arg-Tyr-Met-Ala-Cys-Lys
      Lys.

PMID- 6386799
TI  - Properties of hybrid aspartate transcarbamoylase formed with native subunits from
      divergent bacteria.
AB  - The aspartate transcarbamoylases (ATCase) from Serratia marcescens and
      Escherichia coli exhibit unique regulatory and kinetic properties and were
      dissociated into their constituent regulatory and catalytic subunits. A hybrid
      ATCase holoenzyme was formed with catalytic subunits from S. marcescens and
      regulatory subunits from E. coli as demonstrated by the molecular weight, the
      recovery of cooperative, homotropic response to the substrate aspartate, and the
      re-establishment of heterotropic responses to the allosteric effectors ATP and
      CTP. This hybrid is of interest since ATCase from E. coli is inhibited by CTP and
      activated by ATP while ATCase from S. marcescens is activated by both
      nucleotides. The activity of the catalytic subunits was reduced upon formation of
      the catalytic subunits was reduced upon formation of the hybrid ATCase enzyme
      which exhibited an exaggerated requirement for aspartate; the [S]0.5 was 100-125
      mM aspartate compared to 5 mM for the E. coli holoenzyme and 20 mM for the native
      ATCase from S. marcescens. Still, the heterotropic response to effectors was
      communicated efficiently through the various protein:protein domains of bonding
      in ATCase as 1 mM ATP activated the hybrid ATCase while 1 mM CTP inhibited the
      enzyme. ATP did not influence the pH profile of the hybrid enzyme but increasing
      concentrations of the substrate aspartate shifted the pH optimum from pH 6 to pH
      6.8. These data support the view that homotropic and heterotropic responses in
      ATCase can be altered separately. Since the hybrid ATCase was formed with native,
      unmodified regulatory and catalytic subunits, the r:r and c:c domains in the
      hybrid holoenzyme remained fundamentally unaltered. Therefore, it appears that
      the r:c domains provide the primary communication for changes in quaternary
      structure that define the allosteric and enzymatic properties of the holoenzyme.

PMID- 6386800
TI  - Preliminary X-ray crystallographic data on mouse submaxillary gland renin and
      renin-inhibitor complexes.
AB  - We have crystallized renin from the submaxillary gland of male mice, both in its
      native state, and in binary complex with transition-state analog inhibitors. The
      best of the many crystal forms examined consisted of tetragonal bipyramids with
      space group symmetry P41 21 2 (or its enantiomorph) and unit cell dimensions a =
      b = 91.4 A, c = 211.6 A; alpha = beta = gamma = 90 degrees. This tetragonal form
      was compatible with both inhibited and uninhibited renin. Two of the inhibitors
      used were synthesized as iodinated analogs; their binary complexes with renin may
      serve as single-site rational heavy atom derivatives. X-ray data beyond 2.8-A
      resolution have been collected by oscillation photography using the Cornell High
      Energy Synchrotron Source in Ithaca, NY.

PMID- 6386801
TI  - Biosynthetic studies of proteoglycans in human melanoma cells with a monoclonal
      antibody to a core glycoprotein of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans.
AB  - Monoclonal antibody (Mab) 9.2.27 was utilized in a combination of biosynthetic
      and biochemical investigations as an immunological probe for the study of
      chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSP) in human melanoma cells. Pulse-chase and
      long-term intrinsic labeling immunoprecipitation experiments combined with the
      biosynthetic inhibitors monensin, cycloheximide, and paranitrophenol-beta-D
      xyloside all suggest that Mab 9.2.27 recognizes a set of glycoprotein molecules
      ranging to a 250-kDa glycoprotein which serves as the core glycoprotein for CSP
      in human melanoma cells. Peptide maps comparing the 250-kDa and CSP molecule
      verify that the 250-kDa glycoprotein is the CSP core protein in human melanoma
      cells. Further studies document that the CSP released by melanoma cells and
      recognized by Mab 9.2.27 contains (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(beta-D-gluco-4
      enepyranosyluronic acid)-beta-4-O-sulfo-D-galactose and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O
      (beta-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-beta-6-O-sulfo-D-galactose saccharides
      and this CSP can interact with hyaluronic acid-Sepharose. Topographical studies
      indicate that this CSP has pericellular punctuated distribution on the melanoma
      cell surface and may play a role in cell-substrate interactions in the biology of
      metastatic human melanoma.

PMID- 6386802
TI  - Biosynthesis and assembly of the polysialic acid capsule in Escherichia coli K1.
      Role of a low-density vesicle fraction in activation of the endogenous synthesis
      of sialyl polymers.
AB  - Escherichia coli K1 synthesizes a polysialic acid capsule when grown at 37 but
      not 15 degrees C. The derangement in sialyl polymer synthesis appears to result
      from the inability of 15 degrees C membranes to synthesize or assemble a
      functional endogenous acceptor (Troy, F.A., and McCloskey, M.A. (1979) J. Biol.
      Chem. 254, 7377-7387). Membranes from cells grown at 15 degrees C spontaneously
      gained the ability to synthesize sialyl polymer after incubation at 33 degrees C
      for 2-4 h. The incubation-dependent activation of the endogenous synthesis of
      sialyl polymer in 15 degrees C membranes possessed two unusual features. First,
      the sialyltransferase was localized in a low density vesicle fraction (LDV; rho =
      1.11 g/cm3). Second, this fraction catalyzed protein synthesis, and protein
      synthesis was required for activation. A study of the LDV fraction showed: 1)
      their light density resulted from a 5- to 8-fold enrichment in lipid phosphate to
      protein ratio and their sialyltransferase activity was enriched 40-fold compared
      with unfractionated total membranes; 2) they contained proteins characteristic of
      inner and outer membranes including leader peptidase and lipoprotein; 3) they
      constituted 8% of the mass of unfractionated total membranes yet contained all of
      the endogenous sialyltransferase activity in 15 degrees C membranes. In contrast,
      LDV from 37 degrees C grown cells accounted for 4.8% of the membrane mass and
      only 12.5% of the endogenous sialyltransferase activity; 4) they were
      multilamellar and averaged 0.7 mu in diameter. Based on these results, we believe
      the LDV fraction is of physiological importance in sialyl polymer synthesis.
      Growth at 15 degrees C allowed identification and study of the LDV fraction
      possibly because of the altered thermotropic properties of the membrane
      phospholipids that occur when E. coli is grown at low temperature.

PMID- 6386803
TI  - Biosynthesis and assembly of the polysialic acid capsule in Escherichia coli K1.
      Activation of sialyl polymer synthesis in inactivate sialyltransferase complexes
      requires protein synthesis.
AB  - The polysialosyl capsule in Escherichia coli K1 is not synthesized when cells are
      grown at 15 degrees C. Membranous sialyltransferase complexes isolated from cells
      grown at 15 degrees C spontaneously gain the ability to synthesize sialyl
      polymers when incubated at 33 degrees C for 2-4 h. Activation of the endogenous
      synthesis of polysialic acid is localized in a low-density vesicle fraction
      (Whitfield, C., Adams, D.A., and Troy, F.A. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 12769
      12775). The low density vesicles catalyzed protein synthesis, and spontaneous
      activation required protein synthesis. Immune blotting confirmed the presence of
      protein synthesis initiation factor, IF2, and ribosomal protein S6, in the low
      density vesicle fraction. Temperature-upshift experiments identified four
      membrane proteins whose synthesis was temporally correlated with in vitro
      activation. These proteins have apparent molecular masses of 40, 21, 17.5, and 16
      kDA. Although the function of these proteins is not known, they may relate to a
      sialyltransferase activity required to initiate sialyl polymer assembly, to an
      endogenous acceptor, or to a porin that may facilitate channeling of the
      polysialosyl chains through the outer membrane.

PMID- 6386804
TI  - Is glycosylation in the liver needed for insulin binding, processing, and action?
      Evidence for heterogeneity.
AB  - Incubation of primary cultures of rat hepatocytes with tunicamycin (1
      microgram/ml) for 16 h inhibits de novo glycosylation by more than 90%, yet 50%
      of initial 125I-insulin binding is still present. The remaining insulin-binding
      activity is to glycosylated receptors, since they are adsorbed and specifically
      desorbed from wheat germ agglutinin-Sepharose. Furthermore, there is no
      difference in the molecular weight size of the alpha-subunit of the insulin
      receptors either in normal or tunicamycin-treated hepatocytes as determined by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of 125I-insulin
      receptor cross-linked with disuccinimidyl suberate. This gives us an opportunity
      to study the function of these glycosylated insulin receptors in cells where de
      novo glycosylation is inhibited. Inhibition of de novo glycosylation decreases
      receptor-mediated 125I-insulin internalization and degradation. The tunicamycin
      treated cells are totally resistant to insulin with regard to
      [14C]aminoisobutyric acid uptake. In contrast, there is normal stimulation of
      [14C] acetate and [14C]glucose incorporation into lipids and glycogen by a
      maximal concentration of insulin. The interpretation of these data is, however,
      complicated by the fact that tunicamycin markedly inhibits basal lipid synthesis
      without altering basal glycogen synthesis or [14C]aminoisobutyric uptake. These
      results demonstrate the heterogeneity of the postinsulin binding system in the
      liver. Besides glycosylation of the insulin receptor, which is needed for insulin
      binding, other cellular glycoproteins are important for insulin processing as
      well as mediation of some, but not all, of the biological actions of insulin. The
      nature of these liver glycoproteins and their relationship to the insulin
      receptor have not yet been defined.

PMID- 6386805
TI  - Anaerobic biosynthesis of the manganese-containing superoxide dismutase in
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Iron, particularly in the ferrous state plays a role in regulating the
      biosynthesis of the manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in Escherichia coli B.
      Addition of iron has a repressive effect on the synthesis of MnSOD under normal
      or inducing conditions (i.e. in the presence of paraquat). Addition of manganese
      to cultures already depressed for MnSOD biosynthesis causes a further increase in
      the amount of active enzyme, however, this effect is also abolished by the
      addition of iron. Removal of metals from the growth medium by Chelex 100 also
      derepresses the synthesis of MnSOD but repletion of the medium with iron
      abolishes this effect. Chelators specific for Fe2+, 2,2'-dipyridyl, and 1,10
      phenanthroline, cause a 5-7-fold increase in MnSOD. Removal of iron also
      increases the synthesis of MnSOD in the absence of oxygen. A model is presented
      to account for the observed effects of oxygen, superoxide anion, and chelators on
      the increased synthesis of MnSOD. In this model, the regulatory repressor for
      MnSOD biosynthesis is envisioned as being an iron-containing protein.

PMID- 6386806
TI  - Spectroscopic properties of the alpha fragment of metallothionein.
AB  - Absorption, CD, and magnetic circular dichroism spectra are reported for the
      alpha fragment of rat liver Cd,Zn-metallothionein (MT) 2. The CD and magnetic
      circular dichroism spectra of the Cd4 cluster unit are particularly well-resolved
      and are remarkably similar to data of the complete Cd,Zn-MT. It is suggested that
      the high signal intensity in the 225 nm CD band may be attributed to an
      interaction between a terminal amino acid residue and the Cd4 cluster. Titration
      experiments with CdCl2 and [Cu(CH3CN)4]+ show that while no additional Cd2+ can
      be bound in the presence of excess Cd2+, Cu+ does replace the bound Cd2+ in a
      complex reaction to form at least two species. One of these species requires the
      presence of both Cu+ and Cd2+, with a stoichiometry of Cu 3.0, Cd 2.5. Further,
      Cu+ displaces all the remaining Cd2+, and the spectra recorded now closely
      resemble Cu-MT formed by titration of Cd,Zn-MT with greater than 8 mol eq of Cu+.

PMID- 6386807
TI  - A kinetic analysis of the interaction of elongation factor Tu with guanosine
      nucleotides and elongation factor Ts.
AB  - The interaction of elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) and elongation factor Ts (EF-Ts)
      from Escherichia coli has been investigated by kinetic methods. It was found that
      EF-Ts purified on an EF-Tu affinity column contained a transphosphorylase
      activity which could transfer the gamma-phosphate of GTP to [3H]GDP. However,
      this activity showed different sensitivities to heat and N-ethylmaleimide
      compared to the EF-Ts activity. Using the chromophoric GDP analogue, 2-amino-6
      mercaptopurine riboside 5'-diphosphate (thioGDP), spectrophotometric titrations
      and stopped-flow experiments enabled the interaction of EF-Tu X thioGDP with EF
      Ts and of EF-Tu X EF-Ts with thioGDP to be investigated. The results were
      analyzed according to the scheme of Chau et al. (Chau, V., Romero, G., and
      Biltonen, R.L. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 5591-5596). (Formula: see text) Values
      for the rate constants obtained were k1 greater than or equal to 2 X 10(8) M-1 s
      1, k-1 greater than or equal to 2600 s-1, k2 = 500 s-1, and k-2 = 4 X 10(5) M-1 s
      1. The most notable feature of these results is that EF-Ts binds to EF-Tu X
      thioGDP at a rate approaching that expected for a diffusion-controlled reaction
      whereas thioGDP binds to EF-Tu X EF-Ts several orders of magnitude more slowly
      than this. The relevance of these results to the interactions involving GDP is
      discussed.

PMID- 6386808
TI  - Insulin action on glucose transport in cardiac muscle.
AB  - The mechanism of insulin action on glucose transport in rat hearts was studied.
      The glucose transport activity was determined after reconstitution into egg
      lecithin liposomes. Isolated rat hearts were perfused in the presence or absence
      of insulin and homogenized. The homogenate was fractionated by differential and
      sucrose density gradient centrifugations. Two subcellular fractions, designated
      as Fractions P-5 and P-6, contained glucose transport activity. Both fractions
      were enriched with 5'-nucleotidase (commonly known as a plasma membrane marker)
      and UDP-Gal:N-acetylglucosamine galactosyltransferase (known as a Golgi marker).
      However, only Fraction P-5 was concentrated with the insulin receptor and ouabain
      sensitive p-nitrophenylphosphatase (both plasma membrane markers). The
      sedimentation properties of the glucose transport activity in Fraction P-6 were
      considerably different from those of galactosyltransferase. Insulin added to the
      heart before homogenization increased the glucose transport activity in Fraction
      P-5 approximately 1.6-fold while decreasing the activity in Fraction P-6 to
      approximately 62% of the control. These results are interpreted as follows. Both
      Fractions P-5 and P-6 are heterogeneous; nevertheless, Fraction P-5, but not
      Fraction P-6, may be enriched with the plasma membrane, which is assumed to be
      associated with glucose transport activity. Fraction P-6 may be concentrated with
      the Golgi apparatus; however, the latter may not be the structure (or vesicles)
      to which (intracellular) glucose transport activity is associated. Insulin
      appears to increase the glucose transport activity in rat hearts, at least in
      part, by inducing translocation of the glucose transport mechanism from the
      unidentified vesicles (in Fraction P-6) to the plasma membrane (in Fraction P-5).

PMID- 6386809
TI  - The covalent protein structure of insecticyanin, a blue biliprotein from the
      hemolymph of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta L.
AB  - The amino acid sequence has been determined for the insecticyanin from the
      hemolymph of the fifth instar larvae of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. The
      apoprotein is a single polypeptide chain of 189 amino acids, molecular weight
      21,378, containing two disulfide bridges, 9-119 and 42-176. The sequence analysis
      was performed by automated Edman degradation of reduced and carboxymethylated
      insecticyanin and fragments generated therefrom by cyanogen bromide, trypsin,
      chymotrypsin, and Staphylococcus aureus proteinase. Most of the peptides were
      purified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. A purification
      procedure for the isolation of insecticyanin in high yields and a simple method
      of determining disulfide linkages are also reported.

PMID- 6386810
TI  - The preparation and properties of the catalytic subunit of bovine enterokinase.
AB  - A limited reduction of the disulfide bonds of bovine enterokinase
      (enteropeptidase, EC 3.4.21.9) was accomplished with 50 mM dithioerythritol, at
      pH 9.0, and at 4 degrees C. The conditions separated the heavy and light subunits
      quantitatively with improved reliability when compared to the conditions used
      previously (Savithri, H. S., and Light, A. (1980) Biochim. Biophys. Res. Commun,
      94, 360-365). Pancreatic trypsin inhibitor was added to the reaction to ensure
      that the yield of the heavy subunit was equal to that of the catalytic subunit
      (light subunit). Otherwise the heavy subunit was subject to extensive
      degradation. The subunits were alkylated with iodoacetate and then resolved on
      Sephadex G-150. Amino acid analyses and the incorporation of [14C]carboxymethyl
      groups showed that 3.1 carboxymethylcysteine residues were in the catalytic
      subunit and 8.9 in the heavy subunit. The catalytic subunit had normal catalytic
      activity toward N-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester, enhanced activity toward N
      tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester and N-tosyl-L-lysine methyl ester, and lower
      activity toward N-benzoyl-DL-arginine p-nitroanilide. The catalytic subunit
      retained the restricted specificity of intact enterokinase, but the rate of
      activation of trypsinogen was much slower. It is likely that the limited
      reduction of the disulfide bonds of the catalytic subunit altered the interaction
      of protein substrates with the specificity site.

PMID- 6386811
TI  - The rapid formation of inositol phosphates in human platelets by thrombin is
      inhibited by prostacyclin.
AB  - The biochemical events underlying the ability of thrombin to enhance the
      metabolism of inositol phospholipids in human platelets have been investigated
      using platelets prelabeled with [3H]inositol. Thrombin treatment caused rapid
      formation of radioactive inositol monophosphate (IP), inositol bisphosphate
      (IP2), and inositol trisphosphate (IP3) with less marked and more variable
      changes in the levels of radioactive inositol phospholipids. Formation of IP2 and
      IP3 could be detected 5 s after exposure to thrombin and before IP levels
      increased. Low doses of thrombin which produced only shape change in human
      platelets also caused significant formation of IP2 and IP3 but not IP. These
      results suggest that thrombin-induced platelet activation may be mediated through
      hydrolysis of polyphosphoinositides. The majority of IP formed presumably arises
      from the hydrolysis of IP2. Prostacyclin inhibited thrombin-induced formation of
      all three inositol phosphates.

PMID- 6386812
TI  - Metabolism of added orthovanadate to vanadyl and high-molecular-weight vanadates
      by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - The effect of vanadium oxides on living systems may involve the in vivo
      conversion of vanadate and vanadyl ions. The addition of 5 mM orthovanadate
      (VO4(3-), V(V)), a known inhibitor of the (Na,K)-ATPase, to yeast cells stopped
      growth. In contrast, the addition of 5 mM vanadyl (VO2+, V(IV) stimulated growth.
      Orthovanadate addition to whole cells is known to stimulate various cellular
      processes. In yeast, both ions inhibited the plasma membrane Mg2+ ATPase and were
      transported into the cell as demonstrated with [48V]VO4(3-) and VO2+. ESR
      spectroscopy has been used to measure the cell-associated paramagnetic vandyl
      ion, while 51V NMR has detected cell-associated diamagnetic vanadium (e.g. V(V)).
      Cells were exposed to both toxic (5 mM) and nontoxic (1 mM) concentrations of
      vanadate in the culture medium. ESR showed that under both conditions, vanadate
      became cell associated and was converted to vanadyl which then accumulated in the
      cell culture medium. 51V NMR studies showed the accumulation of new cell
      associated vanadium resonances identified as dimeric vanadate and decavanadate in
      cells exposed to toxic amounts of medium vanadate (5 mM). These vanadate
      compounds did not accumulate in cells exposed to 1 mM vanadate. These studies
      confirm that the inhibitory form of vanadium usually observed in in vitro
      experiments is vanadate, in one or more of its hydrated forms. These data also
      support the hypothesis that the stimulatory form of vanadium usually observed in
      whole cell experiments is the vanadyl ion or one or more of its liganded
      derivatives.

PMID- 6386813
TI  - The effect of a bacteriophage T4-induced polypeptide on host RNA polymerase
      interaction with promoters.
AB  - After infection of Escherichia coli with bacteriophage T4, the host RNA
      polymerase acquires several small phage-induced polypeptides (Stevens, A. (1974)
      Biochemistry 13, 493-503) and its alpha subunits get ADP-ribosylated by a virus
      specific enzyme (Zillig, W., Mailhammer, R., Skorko, R., and Rohrer, H. (1977)
      Curr. Top. Cell. Regul. 12, 263-271). The modified polymerase displays changed
      enzymatic properties including sensitivity to increased salt concentration and a
      higher transition temperature of open promoter complex formation (promoter
      melting temperature). In order to assess the role of individual modifications in
      the changed enzyme properties, we isolated RNA polymerase from cells infected
      with T4 mutant defective in the ADP-ribosylating enzyme. We also purified one of
      the associated polypeptides, the 15,000-dalton protein which is invariably
      present in stoichiometric amounts in different RNA polymerase preparations. In an
      in vitro transcription system using T4 DNA as template, we demonstrate that the
      15-kDa protein is the cause of the elevated promoter melting temperature and can
      induce this property when added to host RNA polymerase. We also show that the
      increased salt sensitivity of T4-modified polymerase is primarily the result of
      ADP-ribosylation of its alpha subunits.

PMID- 6386814
TI  - Proteolysis in eukaryotic cells. Proteinase yscE, a new yeast peptidase.
AB  - A new peptidase, which we call proteinase yscE, was purified from the yeast
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The enzyme cleaves the synthetic substrates Cbz-Gly-Gly
      Leu-4-nitroanilide, Cbz-Ala-Ala-Leu-4-nitroanilide, and Suc-Phe-Leu-Phe-4
      nitroanilide (Cbz and Suc are defined as benzyloxycarbonyl and succinyl,
      respectively) at the 4-nitroanilide bond and exhibits a slight activity against
      [3H]methylcasein. Optimum pH for cleavage of the chromogenic substrates is found
      to be in the range of 8.2 to 8.6. The purified enzyme has an apparent Stokes
      radius of Rs = 75.2 A as judged by gel chromatography and is composed of
      subunits. Mercurials were found to be strong inhibitors of the enzyme activity.

PMID- 6386815
TI  - Proteolytic susceptibility of both isolated and bound light chains from various
      myosins to myopathic hamster protease.
AB  - Myopathic hamster protease was incubated with turkey gizzard, scallop adductor,
      and Loligo mantle retractor myosins in order to establish if the regulatory light
      chain could be selectively digested. In contrast to cardiac or skeletal muscle
      myosin in which almost all of the regulatory light chain is degraded, these light
      chains from smooth and invertebrate muscle myosins were remarkably resistant to
      proteolysis. In the case of scallop myosin, increasing the protease to myosin
      ratio resulted in comparable digestions of both the regulatory and essential
      light chains regardless of the presence of Mg2+. The isolated light chains on the
      other hand were readily digested into smaller fragments. In addition, it was
      observed that the myosin heavy chains were extremely sensitive and that it was
      possible to cleave them quantitatively to produce a new band moving with a
      mobility on SDS gels corresponding to an Mr of approximately 150,000. This was
      again at variance with cardiac or skeletal myosin where the breakdown of the
      heavy chains was shown to be minimal. In spite of the significant extent of heavy
      chain cleavage, gizzard myosin appears to maintain its tertiary structure as
      demonstrated by sedimentation velocity and equilibrium ultracentrifugation
      analysis. Moreover, upon examination by electron microscopy, both intact and
      cleaved gizzard myosin revealed the characteristic folded structure which had a
      sedimentation rate of about 10 S when dialyzed into a low salt, Mg X ATP
      containing buffer. The effects and implications of such modifications on
      catalytic activities of gizzard, scallop, and Loligo myosins are discussed in
      detail.

PMID- 6386816
TI  - Regulation of light-harvesting chlorophyll-binding protein mRNA accumulation in
      Chlamydomonas reinhardi. Possible involvement of chlorophyll synthesis
      precursors.
AB  - Light induction of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (LHCP) mRNA
      accumulation was studied in light-dark synchronized cultures of Chlamydomonas
      reinhardi. LHCP mRNA accumulation was prevented by the chlorophyll-synthesis
      inhibitor alpha,alpha-dipyridyl which blocks late steps in the chlorophyll
      biosynthetic pathway and leads to the accumulation of the porphyrin intermediate
      magnesium protoporphyrin methyl ester. LHCP mRNA accumulated normally, however,
      when chlorophyll synthesis was blocked by inhibitors such as hemin and levulinic
      acid which interfere with early steps in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
      prior to the formation of magnesium protoporphyrin methyl ester. Similar effects
      were observed in the light induction of LHCP mRNA levels in protoporphyrin IX
      accumulating mutants, brc-1 and brs-1. These mutants have low levels of LHCP mRNA
      when grown under heterotrophic conditions in the dark where they accumulate
      protoporphyrin IX. However, LHCP mRNA is light-induced in brc-1 which synthesizes
      chlorophyll in the light and presumably consumes porphyrin intermediates in doing
      so. These results suggest that the chlorophyll-synthesis intermediates, magnesium
      protoporphyrin methyl ester and its immediate precursors, inhibit by a feedback
      mechanism the light induction of LHCP mRNA accumulation. Low magnesium
      protoporphyrin methyl ester levels permit the light-induced accumulation of LHCP
      mRNA, whereas high magnesium protoporphyrin methyl ester levels destabilize LHCP
      mRNA regardless of the illumination conditions. Preliminary experiments show that
      LHCP mRNA accumulation in C. reinhardi is stimulated by blue light, and not by
      red light which stimulates LHCP mRNA accumulation in higher plants.

PMID- 6386817
TI  - Purification and properties of cytidine deaminase from escherichia coli.
AB  - A convenient and efficient procedure for the purification of cytidine deaminase
      (EC 3.5.4.5) from Escherichia coli is reported. The key step involves adsorption
      of the enzyme from a crude ammonium sulfate fraction onto a cytidine-containing
      affinity resin, followed by elution with 0.5 M borate buffer. Subsequent
      chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose results in an overall 1690-fold purification,
      yielding enzyme with a specific activity of 118 units/mg. Cytidine deaminase has
      an apparent molecular weight of 54,000 as determined by gel filtration, whereas
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows a band at
      molecular weight 35,000. Cytidine deaminase is inhibited by 5
      (chloromercuri)cytidine with kinetic behavior typical of active-site-directed
      inactivation, with KD = 0.09 mM and kinact = 1.25 min-1. The enzyme is protected
      against inactivation in the presence of substrate, and the inhibition is reversed
      with high concentrations of mercaptoethanol. This suggests that inactivation is
      the result of a mercaptide formation between the mercury and an active-site
      thiol.

PMID- 6386818
TI  - Inhibition of Escherichia coli cytidine deaminase by a phosphapyrimidine
      nucleoside.
AB  - The nature of the interaction between Escherichia coli cytidine deaminase and the
      phosphapyrimidine nucleoside 1 has been studied kinetically and
      spectrophotometrically. Compound 1 was designed as a transition-state analog, and
      is a potent, slow-binding inhibitor of cytidine deaminase (Ashley, G. W., and
      Bartlett, P. A. (1982) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 108, 1467-1474). We present
      evidence that the binding of 1 is reversible, with no covalent linkage between
      the enzyme and 1. At pH 6, the rate of recovery of enzyme activity from
      dissociation of the E X I complex is strongly dependent on the concentration of E
      X I, indicating that the inhibitor dissociates reversibly. UV difference
      spectroscopy reveals that the chromophore of 1 is unaltered on binding to the
      enzyme, thus eliminating the possibility of reversible, covalent modification of
      the enzyme. For the binding of the active beta-anomers of 1 to cytidine
      deaminase, the following kinetic parameters were determined at pH 6: kon = 8300 M
      1 S-1, koff = 7.8 X 10(-6) S-1, Ki = 0.9 nM. We were also able to observe and
      characterize time-dependent inhibition of E. coli cytidine deaminase by
      tetrahydrouridine, 3. This interaction involves involves initial formation of a
      loose complex (KD = 1.2 microM), followed by isomerization in a slow step to give
      a more tightly bound complex (Ki = 0.24 microM) with forward and reverse rate
      constants kf = 3.81 min-1 and kr = 0.95 min-1, respectively.

PMID- 6386819
TI  - Prophylactic cefamandole in orthopaedic surgery.
AB  - Three hundred patients were included in a prospective randomized double-blind
      trial comparing the efficacy of cefamandole with that of a placebo for
      prophylaxis of sepsis in operations using Ender or Kuntscher nails, bone plates,
      or other internal fixation devices. Patients with an open fracture, total joint
      replacement, or direct operation on the hip were not included in the study.
      Sixteen patients were excluded because the trial protocol was not followed
      exactly, so a total of 284 patients participated, 134 of whom were given
      cefamandole and 150, a placebo. The two groups were similar in terms of mean age,
      sex ratio, duration of preoperative hospital stay, underlying risk factors, and
      type of surgical procedure. A superficial wound infection developed in none of
      the 134 patients who were given cefamandole and in seven of those in the control
      group (p less than 0.05). Two deep-wound infections developed in the cefamandole
      treated group and four, in the control group (p greater than 0.05).
      Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and gram-negative bacilli were
      the most common infecting organisms. The rates of infection-related mortality and
      abscopal infection were similar in both groups. No adverse side effects of the
      drug were encountered.

PMID- 6386820
TI  - Ilioinguinal neuralgia following iliac bone-grafting. Report of two cases and
      review of the literature.

PMID- 6386821
TI  - Current concepts review. Fundamentals of statistics for orthopaedists: Part III.

PMID- 6386822
TI  - Cell-substratum adhesion in embryonic chick central nervous system is mediated by
      a 170,000-mol-wt neural-specific polypeptide.
AB  - Embryonal chick neural retina cells release into the culture medium a complex of
      proteins and glycosaminoglycans, termed adherons, that promote cell to substratum
      adhesion. A monoclonal antibody (C1H3) blocks adheron-mediated cell to substratum
      adhesion and specifically binds to a 170,000-mol-wt protein present in retinal
      adherons (Cole, G.J., and L. Glaser, 1984, J. Biol. Chem., 259:4031-4034). The
      170,000-mol-wt protein also can be identified in embryonic chick brain and
      peripheral nervous tissue. In the neural retina, C1H3 also binds to a second
      antigen with a molecular weight of 140,000 that is absent in the brain. Embryonic
      brain, therefore, provides a source for the immunopurification of the 170,000-mol
      wt protein. Brain adherons also contain the 170,000-mol-wt protein, and cell to
      substratum adhesion mediated by these adherons is blocked by the C1H3 monoclonal
      antibody. The 170,000-mol-wt protein in the brain is therefore functionally
      identical to that in the retina. To demonstrate that adheron-mediated cell to
      substratum adhesion is caused by cell binding to the 170,000-mol-wt protein, we
      showed that (a) protease digestion, but not glycosaminoglycan hydrolase digestion
      of adherons, blocked their ability to bind cells to substratum; (b) the
      immunopurified 170,000-mol-wt protein blocks adheron-mediated cell to substratum
      adhesion; and (c) cells can bind to immunopurified 170,000-mol-wt protein bound
      to glass surfaces.

PMID- 6386823
TI  - Redistribution of a major cell surface glycoprotein during cell movement.
AB  - The distribution in living cells of an 80,000-dalton major cell surface
      glycoprotein of murine fibroblasts has been studied by use of monoclonal
      antibodies. The presence of the molecule throughout the plasma membrane and on
      the substrate attached surface of the cell was demonstrated by
      immunofluorescence. Cell growth kinetics were not altered and the cells remained
      motile in the presence of the antibody. The uniform distribution of the direct
      immunofluorescence stain persisted for long periods (greater than 100 h), which
      indicates that the fluorescent monoclonal antibodies may be used to trace antigen
      surface distribution during cell functions. In motile cells, but not G0 or
      confluent cells, the degree of fluorescent staining decreased toward the leading
      edge; this gradient increased markedly during the time that the antibody was
      bound to the cells. However, the gradation was not seen with the lipid probe,
      dihexadecylindocarbocyanine. The antigen was "patched" only by the application of
      a second antibody directed to the rat monoclonal antibody and the relationships
      of these patches to the underlying cytoskeleton were characterized.

PMID- 6386824
TI  - Lateral diffusion of an 80,000-dalton glycoprotein in the plasma membrane of
      murine fibroblasts: relationships to cell structure and function.
AB  - The lateral diffusion of an 80,000-dalton major cell surface glycoprotein of
      murine fibroblasts has been measured. This antigen, identified through the use of
      monoclonal antibodies, is an integral glycoprotein distributed through the plasma
      membrane as judged by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy (see
      preceding paper). Measurements of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching were
      performed on the antigen-antibody complex within the plasma membrane of
      C3H/10T1/2 and NIH/3T3 cells after labeling the monoclonal antibody with
      fluorescein. Measurements were performed as a function of temperature, for
      interphase, mitotic, and G0 C3H/10T1/2 cells. The mean lateral diffusion
      coefficients (D) for the antibody-protein complex in interphase cells were in the
      range of 0.7-3.5 X 10(-10) cm2/s between 9 degrees and 37 degrees C, while that
      for the lipid analog probe, dihexadecylindocarbocyanine was about two orders of
      magnitude greater. This comparison indicates that peripheral interactions other
      than bilayer fluidity limit the lateral mobility of the antigen. The mobile
      fraction of mitotic, G0, and interphase cells showed a monotonic increase with
      temperature with most of the antibody-antigen complexes being free to move about
      25 degrees C. Semi-quantitative interpretations of both the slow glycoprotein
      diffusion and the immobile fraction are offered. Comparison of diffusion
      coefficients for cells in different phases of the cell cycle does not reveal
      striking differences. Mobile fractions for G0 cells at 25 degrees C or less are
      substantially lower than in interphase cells. In all cases, there was a
      remarkably broad range of the fluorescence recovery data between different cells,
      resulting in up to a 10-fold variation in diffusion coefficients, which is far
      greater than the precision limits of the experiment. Diffusion values and mobile
      fractions were generally well within a factor of two when measured at several
      arbitrary points on a single cell. The origins of this cellular heterogenity
      remain to be elucidated. Lateral mobility in cell fragments and specific regions
      of single cells was also examined. The glycoprotein was mobile in ventral surface
      cell fragments. Its mobility was not altered in regions of cell-cell
      underlapping. However, the diffusion coefficient was threefold higher near the
      leading edge of motile cells compared to the trailing region. This difference may
      reflect weaker coupling of the glycoprotein to the underlying cytoskeleton in the
      dynamic leading edge region.

PMID- 6386825
TI  - Structural domains of clathrin heavy chains.
AB  - We used a combination of electron microscopy and proteolytic dissection to study
      the substructure of the clathrin trimer. The fragments of a heavy chain generated
      by limited proteolysis of cages were examined by rotary shadowing after
      disassembly. Correlation of lengths and molecular weights allowed us to map
      certain cleavage points along an arm and to assign them to positions in a model
      for a cage. We found that a particularly stable fragment of 52,000-59,000 Mr
      (depending on the enzyme) corresponded to the knob-like terminal domain at the
      tip of each arm.

PMID- 6386826
TI  - Subunit structure of junctional feet in triads of skeletal muscle: a freeze
      drying, rotary-shadowing study.
AB  - Isolated heavy sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles retain junctional specializations
      (feet) on their outer surface. We have obtained en face three-dimensional views
      of the feet by shadowing and replicating the surfaces of freeze-dried isolated
      vesicles. Feet are clearly visible as large structures located on raised
      platforms. New details of foot structure include a four subunit structure and the
      fact that adjacent feet do not abut directly corner to corner but are offset by
      half a subunit. Feet aligned within rows were observed to be rotated at a slight
      angle off the long axis of the row creating a center-to-center spacing (32.5 nm)
      slightly less than the average diagonal of the feet (35.3 nm). Comparison with
      previous information from thin sections and freeze-fracture showed that this
      approach to the study of membranes faithfully preserves structure and allows
      better visualization of surface details than either thin-sectioning or negative
      staining.

PMID- 6386827
TI  - Acetylcholine receptor aggregation parallels the deposition of a basal lamina
      proteoglycan during development of the neuromuscular junction.
AB  - To determine the time course of synaptic differentiation, we made successive
      observations on identified, nerve-contacted muscle cells developing in culture.
      The cultures had either been stained with fluorescent alpha-bungarotoxin, or were
      maintained in the presence of a fluorescent monoclonal antibody. These probes are
      directed at acetylcholine receptors (AChR) and a basal lamina proteoglycan,
      substances that show nearly congruent surface organizations at the adult
      neuromuscular junction. In other experiments individual muscle cells developing
      in culture were selected at different stages of AChR accumulation and examined in
      the electron microscope after serial sectioning along the entire path of nerve
      muscle contact. The results indicate that the nerve-induced formation of AChR
      aggregates and adjacent plaques of proteoglycan is closely coupled throughout
      early stages of synapse formation. Developing junctional accumulations of AChR
      and proteoglycan appeared and grew progressively, throughout a perineural zone
      that extended along the muscle surface for several micrometers on either side of
      the nerve process. Unlike junctional AChR accumulations, which disappeared within
      a day of denervation, both junctional and extrajunctional proteoglycan deposits
      were stable in size and morphology. Junctional proteoglycan deposits appeared to
      correspond to discrete ultrastructural plaques of basal lamina, which were
      initially separated by broad expanses of lamina-free muscle surface. The extent
      of this basal lamina, and a corresponding thickening of the postsynaptic
      membrane, also increased during the accumulation of AChR and proteoglycan along
      the path of nerve contact. Presynaptic differentiation of synaptic vesicle
      clusters became detectable at the developing neuromuscular junction only after
      the formation of postsynaptic plaques containing both AChR and proteoglycan. It
      is concluded that motor nerves induce a gradual formation and growth of AChR
      aggregates and stable basal lamina proteoglycan deposits on the muscle surface
      during development of the neuromuscular junction.

PMID- 6386828
TI  - Mapping of three carbohydrate attachment sites in embryonic and adult forms of
      the neural cell adhesion molecule.
AB  - The sialic-rich carbohydrate moiety of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM)
      undergoes major structural changes during development and plays a significant
      role in altering the homophilic binding of the molecule. In order to understand
      the mechanism of these changes, a cyanogen bromide (CNBr) fragment that contained
      90% of the sialic acid of N-CAM was isolated and characterized according to the
      number of carbohydrate attachment sites and reactivity with specific monoclonal
      antibodies. The CNBr sialopeptide migrated on SDS PAGE as a broad zone of Mr
      42,000-60,000. Upon treatment with neuraminidase, it was converted to a single
      component of Mr 42,000, and subsequent, limited treatment with endoglycosidase F
      gave four evenly spaced components of Mr 35,000-42,000, suggesting that it
      contained three attachment sites for N-linked oligosaccharides. The fragment
      reacted with monoclonal antibody 15G8, which detects the sialic acid in embryonic
      N-CAM, and with a monoclonal antibody, anti-(N-CAM) No. 2. Treatment with
      neuraminidase or with endoglycosidase F destroyed reactivity with 15G8 but not
      with anti-(N-CAM) No. 2. A similar CNBr sialopeptide was obtained from adult N
      CAM; it contained sialic acid, had three N-linked oligosaccharides and reacted
      with anti-(N-CAM) No. 2 but not with 15G8 monoclonal antibodies. A peptide
      fragment, Fr2, comprising the NH2 terminal and middle regions of the molecule
      yielded a CNBr fragment closely similar to the fragment obtained from the whole
      molecule. The CNBr fragment from Fr2 reacted with monoclonal antibody anti-(N
      CAM) No. 2. Fr1, comprising the NH2 terminal region alone, failed to react. These
      data confirm that the majority of the sialic acid is localized in the middle
      region of the N-CAM molecule and support the hypothesis that embryonic to adult
      conversion of N-CAM is the result of differences in sialidase or sialytransferase
      activity.

PMID- 6386829
TI  - Separation of precursor myogenic and chondrogenic cells in early limb bud
      mesenchyme by a monoclonal antibody.
AB  - We have addressed the problem of the segregation of cell lineages during the
      development of cartilage and muscle in the chick limb bud. The following
      experiments demonstrate that early limb buds consist of at least two independent
      subpopulations of committed precursor cells--those in (a) the myogenic and (b)
      the chondrogenic lineage--which can be physically separated. Cells obtained from
      stage 20, 21, and 22 limb buds were cultured for 5 h in the presence of a
      monoclonal antibody that was originally isolated for its ability to detach
      preferentially myogenic cells from extracellular matrices. The detached limb bud
      cells were collected and replated in normal medium. Within 2 d nearly all of the
      replated cells had differentiated into myoblasts and myotubes; no chondroblasts
      differentiated in these cultures. In contrast, the original adherent population
      that remained after the antibody-induced detachment of the myogenic cells
      differentiated largely into cartilage and was devoid of muscle. Rearing the
      antibody-detached cells (i.e., replicating myogenic precursors and postmitotic
      myoblasts) in medium known to promote chondrogenesis did not induce these cells
      to chondrify. Conversely, rearing the attached precursor cells (i.e.,
      chondrogenic precursors) in medium known to promote myogenesis did not induce
      these cells to undergo myogenesis. The definitive mononucleated myoblasts and
      multinucleated myotubes were identified by muscle-specific antibodies against
      light meromyosin or desmin, whereas the definitive chondroblasts were identified
      by a monoclonal antibody against the keratan sulfate chains of the cartilage
      specific sulfated proteoglycan. These findings are interpreted as supporting the
      lineage hypothesis in which the differentiation program of a cell is determined
      by means of transit through compartments of a lineage.

PMID- 6386830
TI  - Comparison of intracellular and extracellular mitogenic activity.
AB  - Endothelial cell-derived growth factor (ECDGF) is a soluble mitogen secreted in
      vitro by bovine aortic endothelium. ECDGF is a mixture of at least two distinct
      heat-stable and trypsin-sensitive mitogens. Large amounts of mitogenic activity
      were found in lysates prepared from cultured endothelial cells. Other nonmitogen
      secreting cells in culture, including bovine dermal fibroblasts and vascular
      smooth muscle cells, also contained a similar activity. In contrast to ECDGF, the
      lysate mitogenic activities were sensitive to heat (56 degrees C) and were not
      inactivated by trypsin. Similar to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), ECDGF
      and cell lysate mitogens promoted cell proliferation in the absence of other
      defined mitogens when added to culture medium and after exposure to plastic. The
      cytoplasmic mitogens, however, were distinct from PDGF by receptor competition
      assays and other criteria.

PMID- 6386831
TI  - Internalization and acidification of insulin by activated human lymphocytes.
AB  - The binding and internalization of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated insulin
      by nonactivated and phytohemagglutinin-activated circulating human lymphocytes
      was measured by flow cytometry. In confirmation of previous results, negligible
      binding or internalization was observed for unstimulated cells, while activated
      lymphocytes showed significant insulin binding. The majority of this insulin was
      demonstrated to be internalized via receptor-mediated endocytosis and acidified
      within 60 min after addition of insulin. Dual-fluorescence flow cytometry, using
      antibodies specific for human T cell subsets, was used to show that the
      expression of insulin binding sites occurs for at least some cells from both the
      helper/inducer and cytotoxic/suppressor T cell subsets. Insulin internalization
      is not an artifact of in vitro stimulation, since more than 90% of the
      unstimulated lymphocytes from a patient with a helper T cell leukemia are
      positive for insulin internalization. The usefulness of flow cytometric analysis
      for measuring lymphocyte activation in unstimulated populations and the
      therapeutic potential of the reported findings for control of lymphocyte
      proliferation are discussed.

PMID- 6386832
TI  - Transcriptional induction of urokinase in cultured human kidney carcinoma cells
      by tetradecanoyl-phorbol-acetate.
AB  - A cell line derived from a human kidney carcinoma produces in vitro the urinary
      type of plasminogen activator (urokinase). The synthesis of plasminogen activator
      is enhanced by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate(TPA); the increase can be
      followed both in the cell lysate and in the culture medium. The effect requires
      RNA and protein synthesis as well as the continuous presence of the inducer.
      Immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation experiments with monospecific
      antiurokinase IgG show that kidney carcinoma cells synthesize a 50,000-dalton
      urokinase and TPA enhances the synthesis of the same molecular species.
      Hybridization of the total cellular RNA to a human urokinase cDNA probe shows
      that TPA increases the urokinase mRNA level.

PMID- 6386833
TI  - Interaction of circulating cell-derived and plasma growth factors in stimulating
      cultured smooth muscle cell replication.
AB  - Multiple growth factors that circulate in plasma have been shown to stimulate
      cellular growth in vitro. The plasma growth factors appear to stimulate DNA
      synthesis in cultured fibroblasts only after prior exposure of cell growth
      factors derived from circulating cell types, such as platelets and macrophages.
      The purpose of these studies was to investigate the role of the plasma growth
      factors in stimulating smooth muscle cell replication following exposure to
      platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Following transient exposure to PDGF,
      insulin stimulated smooth muscle cell replication but only when supraphysiologic
      concentrations were used (i.e., greater than 1.0 micrograms/ml). Somatomedin-C
      (Sm-C), in contrast, was found to stimulate a 320% increase in [3H]thymidine
      incorporation when concentrations that are present in extracellular fluids were
      used (i.e., 0.5-10 ng/ml). Epidermal growth factor (EGF), an important mitogen
      for multiple cell types, caused a 70% increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation
      when added to quiescent cells following PDGF exposure, and EGF caused a
      substantial increase in the absolute level of [3H]thymidine incorporation when
      coincubated with Sm-C. When EGF (1 ng/ml) was incubated simultaneously with
      concentrations of Sm-C between 1 and 10 ng/ml plus Sm-C-deficient plasma, maximal
      [3H]thymidine incorporation was 2.1-fold greater in the presence of EGF. In
      contrast, insulin (20 ng/ml), when coincubated with Sm-C under similar
      conditions, had no enhancing effect on the cellular response to Sm-C. None of the
      plasma factors tested was an effective stimultant of replication when incubated
      either in serum-free medium or in the presence of Sm-C-deficient plasma without
      prior PDGF exposure. Hydrocortisone was shown to inhibit smooth muscle cell
      replication in concentrations between 10(-7) and 10(-5) M. In summary, multiple
      plasma growth factors can stimulate the smooth muscle cell replication, and Sm-C
      appears to be most effective of those tested. Insulin and EGF appear to work by
      different mechanisms; that is, EGF can facilitate the cellular response to Sm-C,
      whereas insulin is effective only at supraphysiologic concentrations at which it
      will directly bind to Sm-C receptors.

PMID- 6386835
TI  - Quick-freeze, deep-etch rotary replication of Trypanosoma cruzi and Herpetomonas
      megaseliae.
AB  - The fine structure of epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi and promastigotes of
      Herpetomonas megaseliae was analysed in replicas of quick-frozen, freeze
      fractured, deeply etched and rotary-replicated cells. Using control cells and
      cells treated with Triton X-100 before glutaraldehyde fixation, images were
      obtained that showed connections of the sub-pellicular microtubules with each
      other, with the plasma membrane, and with the endoplasmic reticulum. Images were
      also obtained that showed the DNA network in the kinetoplast. Filamentous
      structures were found to connect the kinetoplast to the basal body, and to
      connect the main basal body to the accessory one. In addition, deep-etch images
      of detergent-extracted flagella display dynein arm substructure and the
      filamentous architecture of the paraxial structures.

PMID- 6386834
TI  - Non-random chromosome segregation in Neocurtilla hexadactyla is controlled by
      chromosomal spindle fibres: an ultraviolet microbeam analysis.
AB  - Single spindle fibres of Neocurtilla spermatocytes were irradiated by means of an
      ultraviolet microbeam. Irradiations were with monochromatic ultraviolet light.
      The single sex chromosome (the X1 univalent) reoriented after irradiation of its
      spindle fibre or of any of the spindle fibres associated with the heteromorphic
      bivalent (the X2Y bivalent): the X1 moved toward the Y half-spindle, and
      sometimes rotated as it moved. Irradiations of autosomal spindle fibres did not
      induce X1 movements, and hence the induction of reorientation is specific to
      irradiation of the spindle fibres associated with X1 or X2Y. In no case did the
      X2Y bivalent reorient; hence, the X1 is the active chromosome in ensuring that
      there is non-random segregation in Neocurtilla spermatocytes. The irradiations
      sometimes caused the X2Y bivalent to contrast, but the reorientation movements of
      the X1 were independent of the contraction of the X2Y bivalent. We suggest that
      the X1 and X2Y chromosomal spindle fibres form a network that is able to send
      signals to the X1 univalent to cause it to reorient.

PMID- 6386836
TI  - A role for fibronectin in cell sorting.
AB  - A useful approach to the investigation of embryonic morphogenesis is the study of
      the factors that control cell movement in cell aggregates in organ culture.
      Previous studies, in which aggregates of embryonic chick heart ventricle tissue
      were paired in organ culture, supported the hypothesis that the associative
      behaviour is dominated by the mesenchymal cell (at the stages used the ventricle
      is composed of approximately 25% mesenchyme (Mes) and 75% myocyte tissue (My)) by
      virtue of this cell's ability to establish a pericellular matrix rich in
      fibronectin. In aggregate pairs, the aggregate types that develop a fibronectin
      rich matrix rapidly are spread over by the aggregate types that are less able to
      deposit fibronectin in the matrix. In sorting conditions, Mes sorts to the
      surface of My. This is explained as a consequence of a requirement that Mes have
      access to a component in the serum fraction of the culture medium for deposition
      of fibronectin in the matrix. It is proposed that the factor penetrates to a
      shallow depth in aggregates, limiting the establishment of a fibronectin-rich
      matrix to superficially located Mes. As fibronectin appears in the matrix, Mes
      becomes more cohesive than My, allowing it to exclude myocytes and establish
      itself as a pure tissue that increases in volume as mesenchyme cells migrating
      within the interior contact the surface zone, becoming immobilized and also
      activated to secrete fibronectin. The analysis presented includes an experimental
      investigation of the different elements of this hypothesis and also explores some
      of the predictions of the hypothesis.

PMID- 6386837
TI  - Behaviour of thymocyte nuclei in non-activated and activated mouse oocytes.
AB  - Cells originating from the thymus of newborn mice were fused with mouse oocytes
      using polyethylene glycol. The behaviour of thymocyte nuclei was studied in non
      activated metaphase II oocytes, and in oocytes activated in vitro with ethanol.
      In non-activated oocytes all thymocyte nuclei undergo premature chromosome
      condensation with individualization of chromosomes; the chromosomes form separate
      groups in the cytoplasm, or are assembled around the metaphase II spindle, or
      located on the extra-spindle. In activated oocytes thymocyte nuclei start to
      develop along a pronucleus-like pathway (decondensation, visualization of
      nucleoli, swelling) and increase up to 200 times in volume during 24 h culture in
      vitro, eventually reaching the size of a fully grown pronucleus.
      Activation/fusion timing seems to be critical for the full remodelling of
      thymocyte nuclei. Nuclei introduced before (10-30 min) or shortly after (up to 60
      min) activation often grow larger than the female pronucleus. Those introduced
      into oocytes long before activation (greater than 30 min) undergo premature
      condensation with subsequent reformation of nuclei that are sometimes deficient
      (as indicated by the presence of micronuclei), or of hybrid character. Nuclei
      introduced late after activation (greater than 60 min) are mostly doomed to
      retarded development. The implications of the present observations for nuclear
      transfer experiments in mammals are discussed.

PMID- 6386838
TI  - Peripheral hyperinsulinemia of simple obesity: pancreatic hypersecretion or
      impaired insulin metabolism?
AB  - Insulin and C-peptide levels in peripheral blood in the fasting state and after
      an oral glucose load were measured in 65 nondiabetic, obese subjects and 65 age-
      and sex-matched nondiabetic normal weight subjects. Fasting insulin and C-peptide
      levels were significantly higher in obese than in nonobese subjects, whereas 1
      and 2 h after the oral glucose load only insulin concentrations were
      significantly higher in the obese subjects. C-peptide to insulin molar ratios, as
      well as the relation between the incremental areas of the two peptides, were used
      as relative measures of hepatic insulin extraction. In the fasting state the
      ratios between C-peptide and insulin were similar in obese and nonobese subjects,
      whereas after glucose they were significantly lower in the obese individuals.
      Similarly, the relations between C-peptide and insulin incremental areas were
      significantly lower in obese than in nonobese subjects. The comparison of the
      corresponding plasma levels and areas of C-peptide and insulin after glucose
      showed that for the same C-peptide value, the insulin value was higher in the
      obese group. Last, in obese subjects the parameter used as an estimate of hepatic
      removal of insulin after oral glucose inversely correlated with the fasting
      insulin concentration and the insulin incremental area after glucose. These
      results suggest that in obesity peripheral hyperinsulinemia depends on pancreatic
      hypersecretion of insulin in the fasting state and impaired hepatic insulin
      metabolism after oral glucose loading.

PMID- 6386839
TI  - Insulin responsiveness of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase is delayed but
      preserved in obesity.
AB  - Because increases in adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (ATLPL) may be important
      in the pathogenesis of obesity, the response of ATLPL to insulin during
      maintenance of euglycemia was examined in 22 obese and 8 normal weight subjects.
      Basal levels of ATLPL per g fat tissue for the obese and control groups were 18.7
      +/- 2.0 (+/- SEM) and 9.6 +/- 2.7 neq/g X min, respectively. Insulin and glucose
      infusion rapidly produced antilipolysis in both groups, as evidenced by large
      falls in FFA by 20 min. When the responses of ATLPL in absolute change from basal
      were compared between the obese and control groups, no significant differences
      were found. However, because of the higher baseline ATLPL values in the obese
      subjects, the percent change in ATLPL from basal was significantly blunted at the
      80 (P = 0.02), 180 (P less than 0.05), and 360 (P = 0.005) min timepoints
      compared to those in the normal subjects. By 3 h into the infusion, the control
      group had a significant rise in ATLPL above the basal level (4.2 +/- 1.3 ngq/g X
      min; P = 0.01), whereas the obese group did not (2.3 +/- 1.9 neq/g X min; P =
      NS). However, by 6 h, the ATLPL per g response above baseline was significantly
      increased in both normal (19.2 +/- 6.5 neq/g X min; P = 0.01) and obese subjects
      (9.8 +/- 2.3; P less than 0.001). Because adipose cell size was greater in obese
      subjects, data were also expressed per 10(6) cells. Basal ATLPL per 10(6) cells
      [11.8 +/- 1.7 neq/10(6) cells X min (obese); 3.4 +/- 0.9 neq/10(6) cells X min
      (normal)] was a function of cell size (rs = 0.713; P less than 0.001), body mass
      index (rs = 0.565; P less than 0.005), and basal insulin levels (rs = 0.434; P
      less than 0.05). As with the ATLPL per g response, the increases in ATLPL per
      10(6) cells above basal were significant at both the 3 and 6 h marks for the
      normal subjects, but only at the 6 h timepoint for the obese group. Both steady
      state insulin levels [342 +/- 24 microU/ml (obese); 251 +/- 27 microU/ml
      (normal)] and the glucose infusion rates needed to maintain euglycemia [319 +/-
      23 mg/m2 X min (obese); 312 +/- 33 mg/m2 X min (normal)] did not correlate with
      changes in ATLPL. Thus, insulin responsiveness of ATLPL in obese subjects was
      delayed but preserved. This phenomenon may be important in maintenance of the
      obese state.

PMID- 6386841
TI  - The Endocrine Society: past and present. Presidential address of the Endocrine
      Society, 66th annual meeting.

PMID- 6386842
TI  - [The uterine cervix during pregnancy and labor].

PMID- 6386840
TI  - Responses of catecholamines and other counterregulatory hormones to insulin
      induced hypoglycemia in totally pancreatectomized patients.
AB  - Responses of glucagon, catecholamines, and other counterregulatory hormones to
      insulin-induced hypoglycemia were evaluated in five totally pancreatectomized
      patients and six normal subjects. In pancreatectomized patients, plasma glucagon,
      probably of gastric origin, did not change significantly during hypoglycemia. The
      responses of epinephrine and norepinephrine were delayed but adequate compared
      with those in normal subjects. The responses of cortisol and GH were almost as
      great as those in normal subjects. However, plasma glucose levels did not recover
      from hypoglycemia normally in these patients. These results suggest that glucagon
      responses are essential to recover from hypoglycemia and that neither epinephrine
      nor norepinephrine plays a crucial role in the recovery from acute insulin
      induced hypoglycemia in totally pancreatectomized patients.

PMID- 6386843
TI  - Comparison of an indirect fluorescent-antibody test with an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay for serological studies of Lyme disease.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was compared with an indirect fluorescent
      antibody test for its ability to detect antibodies to the Lyme disease spirochete
      in sera of naturally infected humans, dogs, and white-footed mice and
      experimentally infected Swiss mice. Ninety-five percent of the total 123 sera
      analyzed reacted similarly in both tests. For 36 human sera, the correlation
      coefficient (r = 0.47) for logarithmic transformations of indirect fluorescent
      antibody and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers was significant at P less
      than 0.01. Within each mammalian species, mean titers for indirect fluorescent
      antibody and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibodies were within three-fold.
      Comparisons of different naturally infected mammals revealed relatively higher
      average titration endpoints in both tests for patients with Lyme disease. Human
      sera also had the widest range of titers. Both methods proved satisfactory for
      serological confirmation of prior spirochetal infections.

PMID- 6386845
TI  - Identification of Staphylococcus species of bovine origin with the DMS Staph-Trac
      system.
AB  - The DMS Staph-Trac system was evaluated as a means for identifying the species of
      bovine strains of staphylococci routinely isolated from quarter-milk samples. The
      species identity of 83 of 91 (91.2%) isolates of staphylococci was correctly
      determined by this method. One isolate could not be identified by this system.
      The Staph-Trac system was able to distinguish between Staphylococcus hyicus and
      Staphylococcus epidermidis. We obtained a higher percentage of correct
      identifications with the DMS Staph-Trac system (91.2%) than we did in a previous
      study with the API Staph-Ident system (45.1%), using the same isolates (Langlois
      et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 18:1212-1219, 1983).

PMID- 6386844
TI  - Bacterial growth and killing in chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis fluids.
AB  - We determined the ability of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus,
      and Escherichia coli to survive and grow in peritoneal dialysis fluids from
      patients undergoing chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Staphylococci did not
      survive in commercially available dialysis solutions but grew readily in
      peritoneal effluents obtained from patients after the dialysis dwell time. The
      number of CFU doubled 6 and 13 times in 24 h for S. epidermidis and S. aureus,
      respectively. E. coli grew well in both the pre- and postdialysis peritoneal
      fluid. Peritoneal macrophages as well as peripheral blood leukocytes inhibited
      bacterial growth in peritoneal dialysis fluid. However, 10(6) phagocytes per ml
      were minimally required to obtain a bacteriostatic effect. The addition of serum
      to peritoneal dialysis fluid increased the antibacterial activity of macrophages
      and blood leukocytes. The capacity of the aminoglycoside antibiotic tobramycin to
      reduce bacterial CFU in peritoneal dialysis fluid was only 10% of its
      bactericidal capacity in standard Mueller-Hinton brush. Peritoneal dialysis fluid
      had no effect on the antibacterial activity of imipenem.

PMID- 6386846
TI  - Detection of Lassa virus antigens and Lassa virus-specific immunoglobulins G and
      M by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
AB  - Rapid diagnosis of Lassa fever is desirable for the timely therapeutic
      intervention and implementation of strict quarantine procedures both in West
      Africa field hospitals where the disease is endemic and at international
      crossroads. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure Lassa virus
      antigens in viremic sera was developed in which experimentally infected monkeys
      were used as a model for the human disease. In this test, Lassa virus antigens in
      test sera were captured in wells of microtiter plates by monkey anti-Lassa virus
      immunoglobulin. Guinea pig anti-Lassa virus immunoglobulin was then added, and
      binding of specific immunoglobulin was quantitated by the addition of rabbit anti
      guinea pig immunoglobulin followed by alkaline phosphatase-labeled anti-rabbit
      immunoglobulin. This test detected viremia titers as low as 2.1 log10 PFU/ml in
      experimentally infected monkey sera, a titer often exceeded in patients with
      Lassa fever. Inactivation of infectious virus by beta-propiolactone or gamma
      irradiation did not diminish reactivity. Antigen-ELISA concentrations increased
      with infectivity for the first 10 days after infection but then declined while
      infectivity titers remained high, suggesting that the presence of humoral
      antibody in viremic sera diminishes the sensitivity of the antigen ELISA. Lassa
      virus-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) titers measured in an IgM capture ELISA
      were detectable within 10 days of infection and peaked after 36 days but remained
      detectable for 1.5 years. The Lassa virus-specific IgG ELISA response was
      slightly delayed, peaking on day 73 but declining only slightly thereafter. These
      studies in a realistic primate model suggest that the antigen detection ELISA or
      the IgM capture ELISA described, in which beta-propiolactone-inactivated sera are
      used, should be useful for the rapid diagnosis of human Lassa fever.

PMID- 6386848
TI  - Application of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunoassay to the identification of
      Salmonellae from pure culture and animal tissue.
AB  - The peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunoassay was developed by using selected
      Salmonella serotypes to evaluate its potential for use in diagnostic
      bacteriology. S. choleraesuis var, kunzendorf, S. dublin, and S. typhimurium were
      the test organisms. Strong specific staining with corresponding antiserum was
      achieved with smears of each Salmonella serotype on microscope slides from
      formalinized cell suspensions, live broth cultures of clinical isolates, and
      tissue suspensions from the livers and spleens of experimentally infected mice.
      In addition, S. choleraesuis var. kunzendorf was detected in Formalin-fixed and
      fresh frozen tissues from experimentally infected pigs. The results of this study
      indicate that the peroxidase-antiperoxidase assay is well-suited for the rapid
      identification of Salmonella from pure cultures and that the technique can be
      useful in research for the detection of this pathogen in histological sections.

PMID- 6386847
TI  - Single radial hemolysis test for quantitation of complement-fixing antibodies to
      non-hemagglutinating viruses.
AB  - A single radial hemolysis test, which overcomes many of the problems of
      conventional complement fixation tests, was developed for the quantitation of
      virus complement-fixing antibodies. The test procedure utilized staphylococcal
      protein A-coated sheep erythrocytes immobilized in agarose into which antigen was
      incorporated. Undiluted heat-inactivated serum samples were allowed to diffuse
      radially from wells punched in the agarose. Protein A served to concentrate the
      subsequent antigen-antibody reaction on the surface of the erythrocytes. Zones of
      hemolysis were developed by flooding with complement. With adenovirus as a model,
      basic test parameters were defined, and optimum reagent concentrations and
      diffusion conditions were determined. A positive linear relationship was found to
      exist between zone diameter and increasing log concentration of specific
      antiserum. No correlation was found between zone diameter and total concentration
      of immunoglobulin G in test sera. Sera rendered anticomplementary by the addition
      of carrageenan produced hemolytic zones equal to diameter to those observed with
      untreated sera. Seventy-seven human sera with known complement fixation titers
      were tested by this method. Good correlation (r = 0.74) between the complement
      fixation test and single radial hemolysis was observed. This test was highly
      reproducible and more sensitive than the conventional complement fixation test.

PMID- 6386849
TI  - Evaluation of a two-hour method for screening pathogens from stool specimens.
AB  - The 2-h stool-screening test (SST) (API System S.A., Montalieu-Vercieu, France)
      was used to screen 231 organisms yielding suspicious colonies on stool
      differential agars for potential pathogens. All 54 salmonellae yielded correct
      screens. Of 14 shigellas, 9 keyed as possible Shigella spp.-Yersinia
      enterocolitica-rare Salmonella spp. (SYS), and 5 (all Shigella sonnei) keyed as
      possible S. sonnei-Y. enterocolitica-Arizona spp. (SYA). Three Arizona strains
      were identified as probable Salmonella spp., two were identified as SYA, and one
      was identified as SYS. Seven Y. enterocolitica strains keyed as SYS, and two
      keyed as SYA; one strain was screened out as a nonpathogen. The two Aeromonas
      hydrophila strains keyed as SYA, and the two Plesiomonas shigelloides strains
      keyed as SYS. All 63 Proteus, Morganella, Providencia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      strains were screened out as nonpathogens. Among 80 coliforms, 37 were screened
      as SYA, 32 were screened as SYS, and 11 were screened as nonpathogens. On the
      basis of the SST, 69/80 coliforms would have been tested further. However, only
      1/88 potential pathogens would have been missed, and all Proteus, Morganella,
      Providencia, and P. aeruginosa strains would have been excluded. The capability
      of the SST (when combined with a rapid identification method) of providing same
      day identification of potential stool pathogens must be weighed against its
      inability to effectively screen out coliforms. The cost of this method is
      equivalent to that of a three-tube conventional screening method. The suitability
      of the SST for individual laboratories must be predicated on the incidence of
      stool pathogens and commensals in the specific setting as well as on factors
      related to work flow, technologist acceptability, and turnaround time.

PMID- 6386850
TI  - Usefulness of plasmid profiles for differentiation of Shigella isolates in
      Bangladesh.
AB  - We studied the plasmid profiles of 136 Shigella isolates in Bangladesh to
      determine whether plasmid profiles could be used for differentiation of strains
      for epidemiological studies. Many different plasmid patterns were observed within
      each species, indicating that many genetically different strains of Shigella are
      responsible for illness in Bangladesh.

PMID- 6386851
TI  - Polycarbonate-coated microsticks as solid-phase carriers in an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay for rubella antibody.
AB  - We evaluated the use of microsticks as solid-phase carriers in an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay for rubella antibody. The microstick enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay was found to be equal in sensitivity to plate and disk enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assays and presumably more sensitive than hemagglutination
      and immunofluorescence assays. The microstick as a solid-phase carrier offers
      advantages over both plate and bead carriers.

PMID- 6386852
TI  - Laboratory evaluation of five assay methods for vancomycin: bioassay, high
      pressure liquid chromatography, fluorescence polarization immunoassay,
      radioimmunoassay, and fluorescence immunoassay.
AB  - We compared the precision and accuracy of five methods used to measure the
      concentration of vancomycin in serum: bioassay, high-pressure liquid
      chromatography, fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA [TDX; Abbott
      Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill.]), radioimmunoassay (RIA), and fluorescence
      immunoassay. Based on an analysis of seven standards and of 106 patient samples,
      all five methods were accurate, and four (bioassay, high-pressure liquid
      chromatography, FPIA, and RIA) were also precise. The FPIA was the most precise
      and the fluorescence immunoassay was the least precise of the methods tested;
      intrarun coefficients of variation for these two methods were 0.9 to 3.0% versus
      8.9 to 14.5%, and interrun coefficients of variation were 2.8 to 8.1% versus 12.2
      to 16.2%, respectively. The RIA was inconvenient because it required an extra
      dilution of the specimen being tested and an additional (64 micrograms/ml)
      vancomycin standard for specimens with 32 to 64 micrograms of vancomycin per ml.
      Based on its rapid turnaround time and the stability of its standard curve, we
      believe that the FPIA is the best method currently available to quantitate
      vancomycin in the clinical laboratory.

PMID- 6386853
TI  - Human leukocytic pyrogen test for detection of pyrogenic material in growth
      hormone produced by recombinant Escherichia coli.
AB  - Human growth hormone is biosynthetically produced in recombinant strains of
      Escherichia coli as methionyl human growth hormone (met-hGH). When purified from
      the bacterial culture, met-hGH is biologically active in established assays for
      growth hormone. Therefore, a phase I trial of met-hGH was carried out in healthy
      human adults; during the first trial, however, signs, symptoms, and clinical
      laboratory tests characteristic of an acute-phase response to pyrogenic agents
      was observed. Prior testing of the met-hGH preparation used in the phase I trial
      did not reveal evidence of toxicity, and the U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention rabbit
      pyrogen test, as well as the Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) test, had not
      detected significant levels of exogenous pyrogens or endotoxin. In addition,
      standard inhibition studies with added endotoxin showed no inhibition by the LAL
      test. When this preparation of met-hGH was incubated with human blood mononuclear
      cells, leukocytic pyrogen (LP) was released into the supernatant medium,
      suggesting that the preparation contained pyrogenic material. Various lots of met
      hGH based on different purification and formulating methods were tested by the
      human LP assay for contaminating pyrogens. The results of these tests aided in
      the identification of procedures for met-hGH preparations which did not induce LP
      in vitro. Thus, subsequent lots of met-hGH which had passed the LP test were used
      in repeat clinical studies, and no inflammatory or pyrogenic reactions were
      observed. When the LP test was used, experiments revealed that the original lot
      of met-hGH was contaminated with endotoxin which had not been detected in the LAL
      or rabbit pyrogen tests. Lyophilization in glycine-phosphate buffer had resulted
      in a 10- to 20-fold reduction of endotoxin reactivity in the LAL test and the
      U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention rabbit pyrogen test. These data provide a probable
      explanation for the negative result from the LAL and rabbit pyrogen test in the
      initial lot of met-hGH which induced acute-phase reactions. In addition, these
      studies demonstrate that the release of LP from human cells is a reliable
      indicator of the presence of materials that are pyrogenic for humans.

PMID- 6386854
TI  - Evaluation of new blood culture processing systems.
AB  - The Antimicrobial Removal Device (ARD; Marion Scientific) was evaluated in vitro
      with simulated blood culture samples in fresh blood and clinically with samples
      from potentially septic patients to test its ability to remove antimicrobial
      agents and recover bacteria from blood culture specimens containing these drugs.
      In simulated specimens, the ARD was evaluated for adverse affects on
      microorganisms as well as compared with lysis-centrifugation (Isolator; Du Pont
      Co.), biphasic brain heart infusion bottles, and tryptic soy broth bottles for
      antimicrobial inactivation and organism recovery. There was no adverse effect of
      the ARD on organisms during a 4-h test period. The ARD was the only system to
      actually inactivate antimicrobial agents and removed greater than 99.2% of all
      antimicrobial agents tested from spiked and clinical specimens. Overall, with
      simulated blood culture specimens, the ARD recovered 90% of bacteria spiked into
      fresh blood containing antimicrobial agents, Isolator recovered 73%, biphasic
      brain heart infusion bottles recovered 31%, and tryptic soy broth bottles
      recovered 24%. In the clinical study, 43 of 86 clinically significant isolates
      were recovered only by ARD-assisted processing, 6 were recovered only by
      conventional processing, and 37 were recovered by both methods (the advantage of
      ARD processing over conventional processing in the clinical study was significant
      at P less than 0.001). Both clinical and simulated specimens demonstrated the ARD
      associated blood culture processing to be the most efficient method for the
      isolation of microorganisms from specimens containing antimicrobial agents.

PMID- 6386855
TI  - Detection of Semliki Forest virus in cell culture by use of an enzyme immunoassay
      with peroxidase-labeled monoclonal antibodies specific for glycoproteins E1 and
      E2.
AB  - Four noncompeting monoclonal antibodies (MA) directed against either the E1 (UM
      8.64 and 8.139) or E2 (UM 8.55 and 8.73) glycoprotein of Semliki Forest virus
      were purified and labeled with horseradish peroxidase. Each enzyme-labeled MA was
      tested alone and in combination with others for its sensitivity to detect virus
      infected cells. Semliki Forest virus-infected L cells seeded as monolayers in 96
      well plates were screened for the virus after incubation with enzyme-labeled MA
      and a substrate. In this system single enzyme-labeled MA even at high dilution
      (10(3.0) to 10(4.5] were able to detect virus-infected cells. The sensitivity of
      the test could be enhanced by combining two noncompeting MA (10(4.5) to 10(5.0].
      Combinations of three and four MA were less effective, due to high absorbance
      values for noninfected cells. The threshold of virus defection was between 10(5)
      and 10(6) PFU/ml. This test is sensitive and specific and therefore may be useful
      for diagnostic purposes.

PMID- 6386856
TI  - Detection of experimental Chlamydia trachomatis eye infection in conjunctival
      smears and in tissue culture by use of fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal
      antibody.
AB  - The immunofluorescent staining of conjunctival cytology smears with an
      antichlamydial monoclonal antibody is a new method for the detection of
      chlamydial eye infection. Using a monkey model of chlamydial eye infection, we
      compared the monoclonal antibody staining cytology with the established methods
      of Giemsa-stained cytology and chlamydial culture with cycloheximide-treated
      McCoy cells. Compared with either culture or monoclonal antibody-stained
      cytology, Giemsa cytology had a low sensitivity (30 and 24%, respectively) but
      was highly specific (100% in each case). Compared with culture, monoclonal
      antibody-stained cytology was highly sensitive (94%) but appeared to lack
      specificity (70%). However, examination of the changes in identification rates
      with time suggested that monoclonal antibody-stained cytology may be even more
      sensitive than culture and detect lower levels of infection. This study showed
      that monoclonal antibody-stained cytology of conjunctival smears might be a
      rapid, efficient, and inexpensive method of diagnosing ocular chlamydial
      infection.

PMID- 6386857
TI  - Clinical evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of a commercially
      available enzyme immunoassay for detection of rubella virus-specific
      immunoglobulin M.
AB  - A solid-phase capture antigen enzyme immunoassay (Rubazyme-M) was evaluated for
      sensitivity and specificity on sera from 1,200 blood donors, 51 patients with
      rubella, 2 infants with congenital rubella, 104 patients with other infections,
      and 126 patients with immunological abnormalities. The sensitivity was 100% for
      sera tested between days 3 and 40 after the onset of symptoms of rubella virus
      infection. Rubella virus-specific immunoglobulin M was detected at birth in sera
      from congenitally infected infants and persisted for several months. Positive
      Rubazyme-M responses were observed in some patients in the absence of rubella
      diagnosis (one blood donor, three other infections, and two immunological
      abnormalities), providing a test specificity of 99.6%. None of 67 patients with
      rubella virus-specific immunoglobulin G antibody and high levels of rheumatoid
      factor were positive in the test.

PMID- 6386858
TI  - Comparison of lysis-centrifugation with a biphasic blood culture medium for the
      recovery of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria.
AB  - The Du Pont Isolator tube and Roche Septi-Chek blood culture bottle employ solid
      media which facilitate the removal of bacteria from static or cidal substances in
      blood to increase recovery and decrease detection time. In a comparison of 11,567
      blood culture sets, the Isolator tube and vented Roche Septi-Chek bottle were
      positive for 533 (80%) and 494 (74%) of the aerobic and facultatively anaerobic
      organisms recovered, respectively. This difference was not significant. A
      significant difference was found in the overall detection time. The Isolator tube
      recovered the bacteria ca. 1 day earlier. The earlier detection time was most
      notable with Staphylococcus aureus, viridans streptococci, and Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa. Among the 355 bacteremic episodes analyzed by a computer program, the
      Isolator tube was responsible more often for the first report of bacteremia in a
      given patient. Both systems performed well for the recovery of aerobic and
      facultatively anaerobic bacteria, but it is recommended that either be used in
      combination with an unvented broth-containing bottle.

PMID- 6386859
TI  - Rapid recognition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by use of
      automated test systems.
AB  - The ability to rapidly recognize methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by
      use of two automated instrument systems, the MS-2 system (Abbott Laboratories,
      Diagnostics Division, Irving, Tex.) and the AutoMicrobic system (Vitek Systems,
      Hazelwood, Mo.), was evaluated on a collection of 95 methicillin-resistant S.
      aureus isolates recovered from at least six geographical areas of the United
      States. Isolates were simultaneously tested with both systems, and the results
      were compared with MIC tests performed by the National Committee for Clinical
      Laboratory Standards agar dilution method. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus
      isolates were defined as those with a methicillin MIC greater than or equal to 8
      micrograms/ml by the reference procedure. Overall, with the AutoMicrobic system,
      94.7% of 95 methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates were detected, and with the
      MS-2 system, 91.6% of the isolates were detected. Isolates with methicillin MICs
      greater than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml were readily detected with both systems
      (41 of 42 isolates). Of 53 isolates from three locales with methicillin MICs of 8
      or 16 micrograms/ml, 90.6% (48) were detected by the AutoMicrobic system, whereas
      86.8% (46) were detected by the MS-2 system. A program update which has been
      added to the MS-2 system prints a warning message indicating possible methicillin
      resistant S. aureus with isolates which demonstrate multiple antibiotic
      resistance (greater than or equal to four drugs other than methicillin). This
      warning message would have provided presumptive recognition of six of eight
      isolates with discrepant results for methicillin by the MS-2 system.

PMID- 6386860
TI  - Interlaboratory comparison of the toluidine red unheated serum test antigen
      preparation.
AB  - The toluidine red unheated serum test (TRUST) antigen, a macroscopic flocculation
      test antigen developed by Pettit et al. (J. Clin. Microbiol. 18:1141-1145, 1983)
      by modifying the color-coded antigen of Kasatiya and Lambert (Appl. Microbiol.
      28:317-318, 1974), was compared with the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory
      (VDRL) slide and rapid plasma reagin (RPR) 18-mm circle card tests for
      sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility. Two lots of TRUST antigen were
      prepared by two laboratories in the Centers for Disease Control. Both
      laboratories performed the TRUST and VDRL slide test on serum samples from 1,102
      patients attending the DeKalb County, Georgia, Sexually Transmitted Disease
      Clinic. In addition, one laboratory performed the RPR card test. Reactive sera
      were quantitated in the three nontreponemal tests and confirmed with the
      fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test. The sensitivity in untreated
      syphilis for all nontreponemal tests involved was 98.4%. The specificity for
      these tests was 98.6%. The qualitative reproducibility among the four lots of
      TRUST antigen, VDRL slide, and RPR card tests was 98.2%. Only 20 sera showed
      discrepant results. Intralaboratory reproducibility of the two TRUST antigens was
      100% for one laboratory and 99.6% for the other. Interlaboratory reproducibility
      for the four lots of TRUST and the VDRL slide test was 99%. Quantitative
      agreement +/- 1 dilution between the TRUST and RPR card test was 92.3%, and
      quantitative agreement +/- 1 dilution for the TRUST and RPR card test versus the
      VDRL slide test averaged 50%. The TRUST appeared to be comparable to the RPR card
      test in all parameters compared.

PMID- 6386861
TI  - Group B streptococcal colonization patterns in mothers and their infants.
AB  - Maternity patients and their newborn infants were cultured for group B
      streptococci (GBS) at Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, Fla., from September 1982 to
      May 1983. Culture swabs were placed into Lim Group B Strep Broth (GIBCO
      Laboratories, Madison, Wis.) and quantitated for GBS. A strong correlation was
      found between the numbers of GBS in the maternal vagina and the infant rectum.
      Infants symptomatic for early-onset GBS disease were delivered by mothers heavily
      colonized (greater than or equal to 3 X 10(4) GBS per swab) at the vagina. Such
      mothers were identified as GBS carriers by slide coagglutination and latex
      agglutination after their broth cultures had been incubated for 5 h. These data
      indicate that maternity patients at high risk of delivering infants heavily
      colonized with GBS and potentially symptomatic for early-onset GBS disease can be
      rapidly and selectively identified.

PMID- 6386862
TI  - Evaluation of the Staph-Ident and STAPHase systems for identification of
      staphylococci from bovine intramammary infections.
AB  - The Staph-Ident and STAPHase systems (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.) were
      compared with conventional methods for identification of staphylococci isolated
      from bovine intramammary infections. Adjunct testing by colony morphology,
      pigmentation, and biochemical tests was conducted to resolve discrepant
      identifications. The initial accuracies of the conventional scheme and Staph
      Ident were 92.1 and 89.2%, respectively. Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. chromogenes
      could not be identified by means of the Staph-Ident test, but the addition of
      pigment production as a key character permitted identification of most strains.
      The final accuracy of the Staph-Ident was 94.3%. The STAPHase system was as
      accurate as the conventional tube coagulase method. The Staph-Ident and STAPHase
      systems are acceptable alternatives to conventional methods for identification of
      staphylococcal species isolated from bovine intramammary infections.

PMID- 6386863
TI  - Successive extraction of specific protective immunoglobulins from pooled human
      sera.
AB  - By use of pooled human sera, specific protective immunoglobulins against the
      Smith-diffuse strain of Staphylococcus aureus, strains SS-620 and SS-619 of types
      III and II group B streptococci, and strain K-9 of Klebsiella pneumoniae were
      successively extracted from their whole cell and antibody complexes by elution
      with propionic acid containing 5% sucrose. Injection of 0.14, 0.05, 0.09, and
      0.15 mg of these eluates in mice gave protection against lethal infection only
      with homologous strains. However, no protective effect was observed against these
      infections, even with considerably higher amounts of a conventional
      immunoglobulin preparation. The major components of the eluates were the three
      major immunoglobulins, immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM, although nonspecific
      proteins were also included. Protective activities of these eluates were absorbed
      out by their protection-inducing antigens, indicating that they contained
      specific protective immunoglobulins.

PMID- 6386864
TI  - Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in genital specimens by the Chlamydiazyme
      test.
AB  - Cotton swabs were used to collect two specimens each from 416 patients (206
      males, 210 females) attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. The first
      swab was transported in Specimen Storage Reagent and extracted in Specimen
      Dilution Buffer for enzyme immunoassay by Chlamydiazyme (Abbott Laboratories);
      the second swab was extracted into 2SP and inoculated into McCoy cell cultures.
      In the first phase of the study (215 patients: 111 males, 114 females) enzyme
      immunoassay results were positive (optical density greater than or equal to 0.1)
      in 30 of 35 instances in which Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated (sensitivity,
      86%). Of 18 false-positive enzyme immunoassay results, 15 (83%) were cervical
      swabs (specificity, 90%). In a phase II study, using a modified Chlamydiazyme
      kit, 201 patients were tested (95 males, 106 females). Of 41 chlamydial isolates,
      8 were not detected by the Chlamydiazyme test (sensitivity, 81%). Only three
      positive Chlamydiazyme test results could not be confirmed by culture
      (specificity, 98%). Overall, Chlamydiazyme assay provided a rapid (4 h),
      sensitive, and specific assay for the detection of chlamydial antigens.

PMID- 6386865
TI  - Characterization of uterine growth response to cholera toxin in hamsters and test
      of heat-labile enterotoxin from Escherichia coli.
AB  - Cholera toxin (CT) and the heat-labile enterotoxin from Escherichia coli, when
      injected intraperitoneally into cycling hamsters but not rats or mice, induced a
      massive uterine growth similar to that normally induced by the implanting
      blastocyst during pregnancy. CT and heat-labile enterotoxin are the only known
      agents that have this action in any species. Uterine weight reached a maximal
      sixfold increase 48 h after injection of CT. Concurrent injection of estrogen,
      progesterone, and CT increased the maximal response to eightfold and eliminated
      differences in the response to CT injected on different days of the 4-day hamster
      estrous cycle. The dose response for CT, heat-labile enterotoxin, and CT plus
      estrogen plus progesterone was most linear (r greater than 0.93) when the
      logarithm of uterine weight was plotted against the dose of toxin. The hamster
      uterine weight response can serve as a simple, highly precise, and highly
      specific bioassay for CT and heat-labile enterotoxin.

PMID- 6386866
TI  - Evaluation of the Quantum II and Rapid E identification systems.
AB  - A total of 492 clinical isolates from the family Enterobacteriaceae were tested
      in the API 20E, Rapid E, and Quantum II identification systems. Discrepant
      identifications among these three systems were resolved by repeat testing in the
      identification systems or use of conventional biochemical tests. Of these
      isolates, 94.1% were correctly identified with the API 20E and Rapid E systems,
      and 97.0% were correctly identified with the Quantum II system. An additional 48
      non-Enterobacteriaceae isolates were tested with the Quantum II system, and 83.3%
      were correctly identified. The majority of incorrect identifications with the
      Rapid E and Quantum II systems were caused by a single aberrant biochemical
      reaction. Reproducibility of the biochemical reactions obtained with these two
      systems was evaluated by testing 40 organisms in triplicate. Identical biocodes
      for all three tests were obtained for 10 organisms with the Quantum II system and
      for 19 organisms with the Rapid E system. Reproducibility of the Quantum II test
      results was improved with a subsequent modification of the photometer of this
      system. Both the Rapid E and Quantum II systems were inexpensive and were
      technically easy to inoculate and interpret.

PMID- 6386867
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to Bacteroides fragilis lipopolysaccharide.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Bacteroides
      fragilis were produced by immunizing mice before hybridization with bacterial
      outer membranes solubilized with Triton X-100. Nineteen stabile clones were
      established. They all produced antibodies that reacted more strongly with
      purified B. fragilis LPS than with crude sonicated antigen in an enzyme
      immunoassay. Four MoAbs were studied by immunoblotting and enzyme immunoassay
      inhibition. Immunoblotting confirmed that the target of the MoAbs was LPS. Marked
      and homogeneous staining occurred in the immunoblotting with both purified LPS
      and outer membranes in the molecular weight range of 8,000 to 27,000. In enzyme
      immunoassay inhibition, MoAbs reacted positively with 93 to 96% of B. fragilis
      strains, including prototype strains ATCC 23745 and NCTC 9343. Within the B.
      fragilis group, the MoAbs reacted positively with two of five B. ovatus strains
      and two to six of nine B. thetaiotaomicron strains. No marked cross-reactivity
      with other bacteria was observed. These results confirm earlier findings that the
      B. fragilis LPS contains an immunodominant antigenic determinant common to almost
      all B. fragilis isolates.

PMID- 6386868
TI  - Sensitive enzyme immunoassay for early diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis.
AB  - Cerebrospinal fluid from patients with tuberculous, pyogenic, and viral
      meningitis, as well as from appropriate control individuals, were assayed for
      immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M antibody activity to Mycobacterium bovis
      BCG by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. BCG linked covalently to plastic
      disks served as the antigen in a classical indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay. A significant difference was found between the tuberculous meningitis
      group and the nontuberculous meningitis and control groups. All samples from the
      tuberculous meningitis group gave a positive reaction, and none of the known
      negative samples gave false-positive reactions. Because of its sensitivity,
      specificity, and predictive value, this test may be useful in the early diagnosis
      of tuberculous meningitis.

PMID- 6386870
TI  - Isolation of Brucella spp. from clinical specimens.
AB  - For recovery of brucellae from clinical specimens, a lysis-concentration
      procedure was superior to the procedure of Castaneda (M. R. Castaneda, Proc. Soc.
      Exp. Biol. Med. 64:114-115, 1947).

PMID- 6386869
TI  - Recovery of Gardnerella vaginalis from blood by the quantitative direct plating
      method.
AB  - This report describes a case of Gardnerella vaginalis sepsis in an obstetric
      patient whose blood cultures were negative by the conventional BACTEC system but
      positive by the quantitative direct plating method, which involves the direct
      inoculation of blood samples on chocolate agar and blood agar plates.

PMID- 6386871
TI  - Clinical laboratory comparison of the 10-ml isolator blood culture system with
      BACTEC radiometric blood culture media.
AB  - The efficiency of the 10-ml Isolator (E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc.) for
      recovery of pathogens from blood was compared with that of BACTEC 6B and 7C media
      (Johnston Laboratories) by using 4,195 cultures from 1,662 patients. During the
      first phase of the study, BACTEC bottles were inoculated with 3 ml of blood; in
      the second phase, bottles were inoculated with 5 ml. The objectives were to
      compare results with similar blood volumes used for the detection of anaerobes as
      well as similar overall volumes and to determine the relative sensitivity of
      BACTEC media inoculated with the minimum and maximum volumes suggested by the
      manufacturer. From 180 patients, 391 significant isolates were recovered, 354
      (91%) with the Isolator and 304 (78%) with the bottles. Isolators recovered 31
      (15%) and 19 (18%) more pathogens overall than did the two-bottle system
      inoculated with 3 and 5 ml of blood, respectively, including 30 (36%) and 10
      (34%) more Enterobacteriaceae. Recovery of anaerobes was greater in the BACTEC
      anaerobic medium, but only when its inoculum was increased to 5 ml. No
      significant differences existed between the two systems in pathogen detection
      times or detection of polymicrobic bacteremia. The Isolator contamination rate
      (8.3%) was approximately 4 times that of the bottles. The number of CFU of
      pathogen per milliliter of blood, blood volume sampled, and number of Isolators
      collected were more important than antimicrobial agent pretreatment in
      contributing to patient bacteremia of fungemia undetected by the Isolator. The
      Isolator appeared to be a practical alternative for recovery of aerobic and
      facultatively anaerobic pathogens from the blood.

PMID- 6386872
TI  - Update and evaluation of the AutoMicrobic yeast identification system.
AB  - The AutoMicrobic system (AMS) Yeast Biochemical Card (Vitek Systems Inc.,
      Hazelwood, Mo.) is a system which has been designed for rapid and automated
      reporting of yeast identification in the clinical laboratory. Recent improvements
      have been implemented in the AMS data base to expand and enhance its yeast
      identification capabilities. These improvements include the addition of seven
      biotypes, changes in data analysis scheme, and construction of the taxonomic
      keys. The updated system was compared with the API 20C (Analytab Products,
      Plainview, N.Y.) yeast identification system and a rapid conventional method,
      using 1,106 clinical and stock yeast isolates. With these improvements, the AMS
      Yeast Biochemical Card had a correlation of 98.8% with the API 20C system and
      93.4% with the rapid conventional method and significantly increased its
      capability of identifying Cryptococcus neoformans (98%). The most difficult
      organisms for the system to identify in 22 to 24 h were Cryptococcus terreus
      (58%) and Cryptococcus uniguttulatus (73%). The updated AMS not only provided
      more rapid results which were comparable to the other two systems but gave a
      substantial savings in set-up and reporting time as well.

PMID- 6386874
TI  - Enzymatic profiles of Enterobacter sakazakii and related species with special
      reference to the alpha-glucosidase reaction and reproducibility of the test
      system.
AB  - The enzymatic profiles of Enterobacter sakazakii, Enterobacter cloacae,
      Enterobacter aerogenes, and Enterobacter agglomerans were determined with the API
      ZYM system (API System S.A., La Balme Les Grottes, France). Each assay was
      performed three times. A simple formula was derived and applied to assess the
      reproducibility of the API ZYM tests. In addition, a separate alpha-glucosidase
      test was performed. All E. sakazakii isolates produced alpha-glucosidase, in
      contrast to the other Enterobacter isolates. No phosphoamidase activity was
      detected in any of the E. sakazakii isolates, whereas it was present in 72% of E.
      cloacae, 89% of E. agglomerans, and 100% of E. aerogenes isolates. It was
      concluded that detection of alpha-glucosidase permits rapid and reliable
      differentiation between E. sakazakii and other Enterobacter species. The
      reproducibilities of alpha-glucosidase and phosphoamidase reactions were
      estimated to be 89 and 81%, respectively.

PMID- 6386873
TI  - Differential detection of cholera enterotoxin and Escherichia coli heat-labile
      enterotoxin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with antibodies specific to the
      two toxins.
AB  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) with antibodies specific to either
      cholera enterotoxin (CT) of Vibrio cholerae or heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) of
      enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli were developed to detect LT and CT,
      respectively. With these ELISA systems, LT and CT could be detected only with the
      respective specific antibody. Both antibody ELISA and ganglioside ELISA were used
      for differential detection of LT and CT, but the former method seemed to be more
      specific. By this ELISA, as little as 0.1 ng of purified LT or CT could be
      detected per ml. The type of toxins in fluids in intestinal loops of experimental
      animals challenged with living cells of either V. cholerae or LT-producing E.
      coli was identified correctly by this ELISA. These results suggest that the ELISA
      systems reported here could be used to detect and differentiate CT and LT in
      unknown samples; it could also be used for assaying toxins in stool specimens for
      the diagnosis of diarrhea due to V. cholerae or LT-producing E. coli directly,
      without or before bacterial isolation.

PMID- 6386875
TI  - Outbreak of nosocomial urinary tract infections caused by Serratia marcescens.
AB  - A prolonged outbreak (December 1980 to July 1982) of nosocomial urinary tract
      infections appeared to be due to strains of Serratia marcescens that were
      resistant to currently available antibiotics. The serotyping and antibiotic
      susceptibility patterns suggested a few endemic strains of serotypes O13, O2/3,
      O12/14, and nontypable strains. These strains were isolated from the urine
      samples of inpatients with urinary tract infections in the urology ward and in
      other wards. The strains of O12/14 (gentamicin susceptible) were replaced with
      those of O2/3 (gentamicin resistant) between June and September 1981, whereas the
      other serotypes were isolated continuously. They were resistant to sulbenicillin,
      cefmetazole, gentamicin, and amikacin, and susceptible to micronomicin and of
      loxacin, a new quinolone antibiotic. Most of them were also resistant to the
      disinfectant chlorhexidine, which had been used widely for hand washing in the
      hospital.

PMID- 6386876
TI  - Comparative assessment of in vitro inactivation of gentamicin in the presence of
      carbenicillin by three different gentamicin assay methods.
AB  - Inactivation of gentamicin (G) is known to occur secondarily to the formation of
      complexes with certain beta-lactam antibiotics. However, aminoglycosides in the
      presence of aminoglycoside-beta-lactam complexes may not be recognized uniformly
      by all assay methods. We tested this hypothesis by using mixtures of G plus
      carbenicillin (C), with and without the addition of penicillinase, in pooled sera
      under several in vitro conditions: at 25 and 35 degrees C and at low and high C
      concentrations. Samples were assayed for G with the EMIT and TDx systems, and a
      microbiological assay was performed with a strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae
      resistant to C. In the presence of C (500 micrograms/ml) at 35 degrees C, the
      initial G concentration of 5 micrograms/ml decreased markedly over 48 h as
      assessed by all three assay methods. However, significantly greater degradation
      was noted when samples were measured by microbiological assay and TDx than by
      EMIT. Differences between assays were less marked when mixtures were studied at a
      lower temperature and with a lower G to C ratio (5 micrograms of G plus 100
      micrograms of C per ml). The addition of penicillinase to the antibiotic mixtures
      prevented the degradation of G over time when measured by all three assay
      systems. We concluded (i) that EMIT measures higher serum concentrations of G
      than do TDx or microbiological assays when complexes of G and C are present and
      (ii) that the addition of penicillinase to serum samples containing C and G would
      be effective in preventing G degradation during prolonged (greater than 24-h)
      periods between the time of sampling and assay.

PMID- 6386877
TI  - Serodiagnosis of typhoid fever by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay determination
      of anti-Salmonella typhi lipopolysaccharide antibodies.
AB  - Serum samples from 22 patients with proven typhoid fever, 60 febrile nontyphoidal
      patients, and 120 healthy subjects were tested for immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG,
      and IgM anti-Salmonella typhi lipopolysaccharide antibodies by an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay. The levels of all three classes of immunoglobulin anti
      lipopolysaccharide were higher in typhoid patients than in controls; the test for
      IgM anti-lipopolysaccharide gave the best discrimination between typhoid and
      nontyphoidal sera. The absorbance values obtained with the enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay for IgM anti-lipopolysaccharide were highly correlated to the
      titers of anti-O agglutinins. However, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was
      much more specific than the Widal test, and hence it could be a useful tool for
      the serological diagnosis of typhoid fever with a single blood sample.

PMID- 6386878
TI  - Enzyme immunoassay for the detection of group A streptococcal antigen.
AB  - A competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay for the detection of Streptococcus
      pyogenes directly from throat specimens or from solid bacteriological medium is
      described. Group A-specific polysaccharide adsorbed onto treated polystyrene
      beads, in conjunction with rabbit antibody to S. pyogenes, was used to determine
      the presence of the polysaccharide antigen. Inhibition values in excess of 65%
      were observed with 10(4) or more CFU of S. pyogenes per test. An inhibition of
      25% was demonstrated with as few as 10(3) CFU per test. Heterologous
      microorganisms tested at 10(6) CFU per test reacted at levels of inhibition less
      than 25%. Two types of bacterial transport medium and swabs of different fiber
      compositions did not alter the assay performance. Accurate identification of S.
      pyogenes was achieved by testing single colonies picked directly from blood agar
      plates which had been incubated for 18 to 24 h. In addition, the assay was
      performed on throat specimens from children and adults having pharyngitis. A
      single-swab, blind study was conducted in which enzyme immunoassay reactivity was
      compared with results of blood agar culture and bacitracin sensitivity. When
      there were discordant results, serological identification was used as the
      confirmatory test. At an optimal cutoff value of 40% inhibition, sensitivity and
      specificity by enzyme immunoassay were 97.0% and 97.9%, respectively, as compared
      with confirmed culture results. The assay has an incubation time of 3 h and is a
      sensitive and specific method for the detection of S. pyogenes antigen.

PMID- 6386879
TI  - Immunoenzymatic assay of anti-diphtheric toxin antibodies in human serum.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for measuring immunoglobulin G
      anti-diphtheric toxin antibodies in human serum. The assay was done in plastic
      plates coated with purified diphtheric toxoid. Since a straight-line relationship
      was found between logs of extinction values and of antibody concentrations, with
      a very constant slope, serum titers could be expressed as log10 of the serum
      dilution corresponding to a definite optical density, such as 0.5. The assay
      furnished highly reproducible titers on a continuous range, with coefficients of
      variation less than 10%. Only one or two serum dilutions were usually sufficient
      for serum titration. To establish correspondence of the enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay titers with biologically determined antitoxin international
      units, a regression equation was fitted between the respective values for 112
      serum samples titrated in both tests. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titer
      of 2.38 corresponded to an antitoxin titer of 0.01 U, which is considered as the
      minimal protective level. Simple to perform, economical, and precise, the
      immunoenzymatic assay seems to be a very practical procedure for
      seroepidemiological purposes.

PMID- 6386880
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of cerebral cysticercosis.
AB  - Central nervous system cysticercosis is common in countries where Taenia solium
      occurs in pigs and the level of hygiene and sanitation is low. The clinical
      presentation may include epileptic seizures, focal neurological deficits,
      hydrocephalus, or aseptic meningitis. The disease is frequently seen in
      California residents of Hispanic origin. It sometimes occurs in whites from homes
      that employ Hispanic cooks. Diagnosis is often difficult. Computerized tomography
      scan and brain biopsy are the most reliable diagnostic procedures, but each has
      its limitations. We have found that a radioimmunoassay improves our diagnostic
      capability, and more recently we have adapted this to an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay that is equally sensitive and specific and, in addition,
      obviates the need for radioactive materials. Details of the enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay procedure and its application to the diagnosis of central
      nervous system cysticercosis form the basis of this report.

PMID- 6386881
TI  - Comparison of phenol- and heat-killed antigens in the indirect immunofluorescence
      test for serodiagnosis of Legionella pneumophila group 1 infections.
AB  - An antigen prepared with agar-grown Legionella pneumophila group 1 killed by 0.5%
      phenol and suspended in 0.5% yolk sac was examined for use in the indirect
      immunofluorescence test for legionellosis and compared with a heat-killed
      antigen. The serological results of the two antigens for single and paired sera
      agreed well. Morphological and staining characteristics were better for phenol
      treated organisms. Electron microscopy observation showed an apparently well
      preserved cell surface. The background antibody level among a healthy control
      population was very low (3.4% with titers of greater than or equal to 16). Sera
      of patients with gram-negative bacteria infections (Yersinia enterocolytica,
      Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Brucella
      melitensis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Coxiella burnetti, and
      Chlamydia psittaci) showed no cross-reactions with the phenol-killed antigen. The
      data suggest that phenol-killed antigen is sensitive and specific. This antigen
      is stable for at least 1 year.

PMID- 6386882
TI  - Immunoglobulin M antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis
      of St. Louis encephalitis.
AB  - Sera from patients with St. Louis encephalitis were tested with an immunoglobulin
      M (IgM) antibody capture enzyme immunoassay (MAC ELISA). The assay used five
      reagents: antihuman IgM, test serum, sucrose-acetone-extracted mouse brain
      antigen, broadly cross-reactive flavivirus monoclonal antibody conjugated to
      alkaline phosphatase, and substrate (p-nitrophenyl phosphate). MAC ELISA endpoint
      titers correlated (r = 0.893) with the absorbance value of a 1:100 dilution of
      patient serum. Significant (fourfold or greater) changes in the endpoint titers
      between paired sera corresponded to a critical ratio (ratio of absorbance values
      at the 1:100 dilution) of greater than or equal to 1.3. IgM antibodies were
      detected in 71% of patients bled at 0 to 3 days after the onset of illness, in
      99% bled at 4 to 21 days, and in 91% bled at 22 to 67 days. Thereafter, the IgM
      seropositivity rate declined; however, 29% of sera were still positive at 115 to
      251 days after the onset of illness. MAC ELISA titers were significantly
      correlated with hemagglutination inhibition (r = 0.258) and neutralization (r =
      0.711) titers. Because IgM antibodies appeared early and waned rapidly, a
      diagnosis was made on the basis of a decrease in titer more often by MAC ELISA
      than by hemagglutination inhibition, complement fixation, or neutralization
      tests. IgM antibodies generally showed a high degree of specificity; heterologous
      cross-reactions were, however, present in 4 of 14 sera examined. The MAC ELISA is
      useful for the rapid, early diagnosis of St. Louis encephalitis.

PMID- 6386883
TI  - Enzyme immunoassay for detection of pneumococcal antigen in cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - A solid-phase immunoassay utilizing horse antiserum against the C polysaccharide
      of Streptococcus pneumoniae and biotinylated rabbit antibodies to type-specific
      pneumococcal polysaccharides was developed to detect pneumococcal antigens in
      human body fluids and in broth cultures. Pneumococcal antigen could be detected
      in broth cultures of serotypes of S. pneumoniae containing as little as 10(2) to
      10(3) organisms per ml. The assay system detected pneumococcal antigen in all 25
      cerebrospinal fluid specimens obtained from patients with documented pneumococcal
      meningitis. There were no positive reactions noted in specimens from patients
      infected with Neisseria meningitidis group A or from patients without evidence of
      bacterial infection. The solid-phase enzyme immunoassay utilizing these reagents
      is a sensitive and specific assay for the immunodetection of a wide range of
      pneumococcal antigens.

PMID- 6386884
TI  - Comparison of Directigen Group A Strep Test with a traditional culture technique
      for detection of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci.
AB  - The Directigen Group A Strep Test (DGAST), a new rapid method of detecting group
      A beta-hemolytic streptococci directly from throat swabs, was compared with a
      traditional culture technique for the detection of group A beta-hemolytic
      streptococci. Five hundred oropharyngeal swabs from pediatric and adult patients
      were cultured and then processed by using the DGAST. Of the 144 specimens
      positive by culture, 131 were DGAST positive (sensitivity, 90.9%). Of the 356
      specimens negative by culture, 353 were DGAST negative (specificity, 99.2%).
      Twelve of the 13 false-negative DGAST results were from pediatric patients. One
      hundred isolates of non-group A beta-hemolytic streptococci were recovered,
      primarily groups C, F, and G. The DGAST is easy to perform, rapid, sensitive, and
      very specific for detection of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci directly from
      swabs. Supplementing the DGAST with a culture on a 5% sheep blood agar plate
      would enhance detection of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, especially in
      pediatric patients.

PMID- 6386885
TI  - The Winslow tradition.

PMID- 6386886
TI  - Advances in the treatment of poisoning I.

PMID- 6386887
TI  - Factors contributing to variability in drug pharmacokinetics. I. Absorption.
AB  - Apart from the physical and chemical properties of a drug, and also the dosage
      form in which it is presented, many other factors may affect the absorption of
      orally administered compounds and give rise to variable systemic availability.
      Three such factors, gastrointestinal (GI) disease, drug-drug interactions, and
      drug-food interactions are considered here. Although information regarding these
      factors, particularly GI disease, is scarce and sometimes conflicting, it is
      clear that they may give rise to variable drug absorption. The wide spectrum of
      effects on different drugs precludes the application of general rules and
      guidelines in drug therapy in most cases. Drugs, dosage forms, and various
      interactions should be considered individually. Also the types of interactions
      described in this review must be combined with other factors to be discussed
      later in this series when considering the influence of variable absorption,
      distribution, metabolism, and excretion on drug pharmacokinetics and clinical
      efficacy.

PMID- 6386888
TI  - Clinical evaluation of theophylline binding to plasma protein in bronchial
      asthmatic patients.
AB  - Theophylline binding to plasma protein was studied with seven bronchial asthmatic
      inpatients. The extent of protein binding was monitored using an ultrafiltration
      device, EMIT FreeLevelTM System 1, whose performance is pH independent between
      7.5 and 8.5 and concentration independent between 2 and 10 mcg/ml. When protein
      free theophylline solutions are used a linear pH dependency was observed between
      7.0 and 8.3. With theophylline-spiked human plasma using the same samples, the
      binding was found to be concentration-independent in the range 5 to 40 mcg/ml.
      The intra- and inter-individual variations in theophylline binding to plasma
      proteins were relatively large. A calculation procedure for predicting free
      fractions at normal physiological plasma pH, 7.4, using the observed free
      fraction at a given plasma pH is proposed. A good correlation was obtained
      between plasma and salivary theophylline concentrations. Salivary levels alone,
      however, are unreliable for monitoring theophylline therapy.

PMID- 6386889
TI  - Demonstration of carcinoembryonic antigen in bone marrow from patients with
      carcinoma.
AB  - Primary and secondary tumour and bone marrow trephine biopsies from 20 patients
      with carcinomas were stained for carcinoembryonic antigen by the three stage
      immunoperoxidase method. Six marrow biopsies contained tumour deposits, five of
      which were positive for carcinoembryonic antigen. A further five marrow biopsies
      contained single carcinoembryonic antigen positive cells of uncertain origin.
      Carcinoembryonic antigen staining may be a useful adjunct to conventional
      histology in the diagnosis of marrow metastases.

PMID- 6386890
TI  - Immunohistochemical demonstration of leucocyte elastase in human tissues.
AB  - A polyclonal antiserum, produced in sheep and reactive against purified human
      leucocyte elastase, has been applied to paraffin sections from a range of human
      tissues by means of the indirect immunoperoxidase method. Striking and consistent
      results have been obtained. Normal or inflammatory granulocytes were intensely
      positive, the reaction being "blocked" by pure elastase. Activity was not seen in
      other sites, including histiocytic reticulum and lymphoid cells, although some
      weaker reaction was present in gastric and ileal lining epithelium. Strong
      reactivity was also seen in the cells of acute and chronic myeloid leukaemia and
      in extramedullary haemopoiesis. The advantages of this technique are compared
      with those for muramidase (lysozyme), alpha 1-antitrypsin, and naphthol-AS-D
      chloroacetate esterase.

PMID- 6386891
TI  - Distribution and concentration of cyclosporin in human blood.
AB  - In patients receiving cyclosporin to minimise graft versus host disease after
      allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, whole blood cyclosporin concentration was
      roughly twice the serum concentration when blood was separated at 37 degrees C.
      In turn, blood separation at 37 degrees C resulted in a doubling of serum
      cyclosporin concentration compared with separation at room temperature. In vitro
      studies showed that the latter phenomenon was due to a temperature dependent
      partitioning of cyclosporin between plasma and red cells, such that increased
      cyclosporin was taken up from the serum into red cells at room temperature.
      Increasing delay in separation of patient blood (at either temperature) resulted
      in a gradually increasing cyclosporin serum concentration. Further in vitro
      studies showed that a distribution equilibrium between blood components was
      reached within 30 min incubation. Red cell uptake of cyclosporin was saturable at
      an incubation concentration of greater than 4 microgram/ml, while plasma and
      mononuclear cells showed a linear uptake to 7 micrograms/ml. The cellular
      cyclosporin content of a mononuclear cell was roughly 1000 times greater than
      that of an erythrocyte. For clinical monitoring we recommend the measurement of
      cyclosporin concentration either in whole blood or in serum separated at 37
      degrees C without delay after venepuncture.

PMID- 6386892
TI  - Quantification of bands produced by isoelectric focusing using immunoperoxidase.
AB  - An improved, rapid, and sensitive (to autoradiographic levels) method for the
      quantification of IgG bands from cerebrospinal fluid is presented. The principle
      of an internal standard is employed using the discrete bands of a paraprotein to
      correct for any run to run variability in the enzyme detection system which is
      linked to the immunoassay of immobilised antigen.

PMID- 6386893
TI  - Simple technique to identify haemosiderin in immunoperoxidase stained sections.

PMID- 6386894
TI  - Active site directed inhibitor used in the production of antibodies against
      urokinase.

PMID- 6386895
TI  - Characterisation of anaerobic cocci in the diagnostic laboratory.

PMID- 6386896
TI  - Clinical, microbiological and immunological features associated with the
      treatment of active periodontosis lesions.
AB  - Clinical, microbiological and immunological factors were examined using data from
      a subject with periodontosis. The subject was monitored at bimonthly intervals
      for 26 months at 6 sites per tooth for redness, plaque, suppuration, bleeding on
      probing, pocket depth, and attachment level. Using attachment level measurements
      and the tolerance method of analysis, sites with active disease and control
      (inactive) sites of equal pocket depth were selected. Subgingival plaque samples
      were taken from these sites for predominant cultivable and dark field evaluation
      before, and 5 and 13 months after treatment by Widman flap surgery and systemic
      tetracycline. 50 isolates from each of 5 sites monitored before and after
      treatment were characterized and, if possible, identified. Active sites showed
      between 2 and 6 mm of attachment loss prior to therapy and "gained" between 2 and
      9 mm of attachment after therapy. The control sites "gained" 0 to 1 mm of
      attachment after therapy. Bleeding on probing was significantly reduced after
      treatment, whereas plaque accumulation increased significantly in the sampled
      sites. Similar changes were seen in the remaining sites. The proportions of
      Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Selenomonas sputigena were elevated in
      active sites, while proportions of Bacteroides intermedius were elevated in
      control sites. 5 months after treatment, proportions of A. actinomycetemcomitans,
      S. sputigena and Eikenella corrodens were significantly decreased in the
      previously active sites and proportions of B. intermedius and E. corrodens were
      significantly decreased in the control sites. 13 months after therapy, the
      proportions of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Capnocytophaga species had increased.
      Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine models which could
      "predict" the outcome, attachment level change in the previous monitoring period.
      The proportions of A. actinomycetemcomitans and S. sputigena, which were
      associated with destruction, coupled with the proportions of Streptococcus
      sanguis II and Campylobacter concisus which were associated with "gain" could
      predict prior attachment level change with an r2 of 0.93. Humoral antibody
      response to A. actinomycetemcomitans and C. sputigena significantly increased in
      a period in which multiple actively breaking down sites were detected. Antibody
      responses to 20 other species tested did not significantly change during the
      course of monitoring. Crevicular fluid and tissue levels of antibody to A.
      actinomycetemcomitans were elevated in 5 of 6 active destructive lesions prior to
      therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6386897
TI  - Folate mouthwash: effects on established gingivitis in periodontal patients.
AB  - A double blind study was designed to determine the effects of folate mouthwash
      (MW) on established gingivitis in non-pregnant adults. 60 subjects who had
      greater than 20 teeth, visible gingival inflammation around greater than 6 teeth,
      no complicated medical history, currently not receiving periodontal treatment or
      medication, and not wearing dentures, were randomly assigned to control or
      experimental groups. Full mouth assessment included plaque scores, gingival
      colour changes, bleeding tendency around every tooth and experience of disease
      and local factors. Subjects used 5 ml of MW twice daily for 4 weeks, rinsing for
      1 min before expectorating. Experimental MW contained 5 mg folate per 5 ml. The
      control group used a placebo MW. A detailed 3-day diet record was kept by each
      subject. The oral examination was repeated after 4 weeks. Initially, groups were
      similar except that the experimental group exhibited more bleeding sites at the
      outset, but after 4 weeks, the experimental group showed a significant decrease
      in mean number of colour change sites (from 70.17 +/- 12.89 to 56.62 +/- 17.42)
      and in bleeding sites (from 48.59 +/- 24.28 to 29.28 +/- 19.64) compared with
      control group (colour: from 66.93 +/- 15.27 to 66.20 +/- 18.83; bleeding: from
      36.93 +/- 16.96 to 39.47 +/- 16.67) p less than 0.001. Dietary analysis showed
      that few subjects ate greater than 200 micrograms folate daily. However, the
      level of dietary folate did not correlate with changes in inflammation in
      experimental subjects, r = 0.097. Folate MW appears to have an influence on
      gingival health through local rather than systemic influence.

PMID- 6386898
TI  - Adverse reactions to monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Part I. A comparative study.
AB  - The incidence of major side effects of phenelzine and tranylcypromine is compared
      with that of imipramine and placebo medication in depressed outpatients.
      Psychiatric notes in the charts of 198 patients were reviewed. Based on clinical
      experience and literature review, 14 side effects were selected for study because
      of serious medical risk or subjective discomfort great enough to require drug
      discontinuation. Significant differences in risk for major side effects, as well
      as distinctive side effect profiles for each drug, were found. More side effects
      occurred on phenelzine, but these tended not to lead to drug discontinuation more
      often than with tranylcypromine, nor were they accounted for by differences in
      age, sex, diagnosis, or duration of treatment.

PMID- 6386899
TI  - The ultrastructure and organization of methionine-enkephalin immunoreactive
      profiles in the interpeduncular nucleus of the cat.
AB  - An ultrastructural analysis of the dorso-intermediate (CDIZ) and dorso-median
      zones (CDMZ) at the caudal end of the interpeduncular nucleus was undertaken.
      Serial vibratome sections were stained for met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity
      by using the indirect antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase method of Sternberger,
      and ultrathin sections were examined electron microscopically. Met-enkephalin
      like immunoreactivity was observed in two different types of somata in the two
      regions. The dendritic architecture of the dorso-intermediate zone was
      characterized by the presence of many dendritic crests. A large number of these
      dendritic crests were immunostained for met-enkephalin. A variety of terminals
      was also seen in the CDIZ and CDMZ and they are categorized according to their
      vesicular morphology into three classes. One class contained mainly clear round
      vesicles. The met-enkephalin-like immunoreactive (MELI) terminal profiles in both
      regions were of this class and contained small round vesicles which were less
      than 35 nm in diameter. These MELI terminals appeared in significant numbers,
      sometimes in close proximity to unlabeled somata and dendrites. The dorso-median
      zone had, in addition, two more classes of terminals. One class was characterized
      by a large number of dense-cored vesicles--class II, and the other group had a
      large proportion of flat clear vesicles--class III. The possible neurochemical
      identities of some of the unlabeled terminals in relation to the MELI dendritic
      structures are discussed in the light of known neurochemically established
      afferent projections to the CDIZ and CDMZ of the interpeduncular nucleus.

PMID- 6386900
TI  - Dermographism: a review.
AB  - Urticaria is one of the more common skin conditions seen by physicians. Physical
      agents are an important cause of urticaria, with pressure or shearing forces
      being the most common. Dermographism is due to a combination of pressure and
      shearing forces and is present in a large number of healthy individuals. The
      purpose of this article is to provide a review of dermographism and its clinical
      variants.

PMID- 6386901
TI  - New insight into the causes of immunodeficiency disorders.
AB  - The ability to define subpopulations of immunologically competent lymphocytes has
      permitted an enhanced understanding of the interaction between functionally
      distinct components of the immune system. T cells can provide help in antibody
      formation or they may suppress antibody production. Abnormal immunoregulatory
      mechanisms have been demonstrated in the hyperimmunoglobulin E-recurrent
      infection syndrome. This disorder is associated with a marked elevation of IgE
      and specific elevations of IgE antibodies directed toward staphylococcal
      antigens. Abnormal T cell regulation of immune responses has been demonstrated.
      Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) occurs in an immunodeficient patient who has
      received an infusion of immunocompetent cells. The diagnosis of graft-versus-host
      (GVH) reaction may be complicated by the protean manifestations of the disorder.
      The acute form, consisting of a maculopapular rash, fever, and diarrhea, may be
      confused with acute infection or drug reaction. Chronic GVHD has been incorrectly
      diagnosed as histiocytosis X, acrodermatitis enteropathica, or scleroderma.
      Utilizing chromosome markers and/or identification of histocompatibility
      antigens, the presence of circulating lymphocytes from donor immunocompetent
      cells (blood transfusion, maternal source) can be documented. The development of
      sensitive technics for identifying cells can establish a precise diagnosis.
      Certain immunodeficiency disorders can be identified by biochemical means. Biotin
      dependent multiple carboxylase enzyme deficiency is associated with a chronic
      dermatitis, alopecia, ataxia, and secondary infection of the skin with Candida.
      The disorder responds promptly to the administration of biotin with correction of
      dermatologic, neurologic, and immunologic abnormalities.

PMID- 6386902
TI  - Sun and malignant melanoma.
AB  - The incidence and mortality rates of malignant melanoma in Caucasians are
      increasing rapidly in many countries worldwide. Considerable circumstantial
      evidence suggests that exposure to solar radiation may play a role in this
      substantial rise in malignant melanoma. This evidence comes primarily from
      epidemiologic studies and from the identification of susceptible phenotypes.
      Despite the increasing data that implicate sunlight as an important factor in the
      development of certain types of malignant melanomas in humans, the role of solar
      electromagnetic radiation in the pathogenesis of human malignant melanomas is yet
      to be determined.

PMID- 6386903
TI  - William Allen Pusey.

PMID- 6386904
TI  - Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis.
AB  - Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis is a histiocytic disorder affecting primarily
      skin and joints but occasionally involving other organ systems as well. A case is
      presented and the disease is reviewed, including discussion of historical,
      clinicopathologic, radiologic, etiologic, therapeutic, and prognostic aspects.

PMID- 6386905
TI  - Diagnosis of bullous disease and studies in the pathogenesis of blister formation
      using immunopathological techniques.
AB  - Several skin diseases may present as vesicles or bullae. Immunofluorescent
      studies are very helpful in differentiating the various disease entities.
      Familiarity with the procedure and the various kinds of patterns that are
      specific and non-specific is essential for the practicing dermatologist.
      Immunofluorescent patterns are particularly helpful in differentiating pemphigus,
      bullous pemphigoid, cicatrical pemphigoid, herpes gestationis, dermatitis
      herpetiformis, linear IgA dermatosis and porphyria. Immunofluorescent studies of
      the skin and sera of these patients were vital to an understanding their
      pathogenesis. Immunoelectron microscopy has further helped in delineating the
      exact sites of immunoglobulin deposition, and, thus, identifying the location of
      the antigens. In pemphigus, studies at the molecular level reveal that the basic
      pathological process is mediated by an anti-cellular cement substance antibody.
      The binding of this antibody at the cell surface level results in a process that
      is seen at the light microscopy level in the form of acantholysis. In bullous
      pemphigoid cells may play an important role. It appears that the mast cell,
      eosinophil, and the lymphocyte in harmony with the polymorphonuclear leucocyte
      work together to bring about an enzymatic degradation of the basement membrane.
      The specific role of the anti-basement membrane zone antibody is also under
      current study. With advances in molecular immunology, especially monoclonal
      antibodies and gene technology, it is hoped that these cellular and molecular
      interactions will be better understood and further defined.

PMID- 6386906
TI  - Bacterial transport within and among various teatcup and cluster assemblies
      during milking.
AB  - For evaluation of bacterial transport, two experiments were conducted. In
      Experiment 1, two nonconventional cluster designs were compared with a
      conventional assembly. These two units were: 1) conventional unit without a claw
      and 2) linerless unit without a claw. In Experiment 2, two nonconventional
      teatcup designs were compared with a conventional teatcup, all attached to a
      conventional claw. These two were: 1) partial linear teatcup assembly and 2)
      conventional teatcup with restricted linear wall movement. The three teatcups in
      Experiment 2 differed only in the lower part of the liner barrel; mouthpiece and
      short milk tube were identical. A culture of Serratia marcescens bacteria was
      infused throughout milking into the short milk tube at the right front teatcup
      assembly. Swabs of liners and teats were used to culture for Serratia marcescens.
      For Experiment 1, the number of contaminated teats (and liners) was 32 of 144 and
      88 of 144 for the conventional cluster, 20 of 144 and 37 of 144 for the clawless
      cluster, and 10 of 144 and 16 of 144 for the linerless cluster. For Experiment 2,
      the total number of bacterial transfers was 14 of 25 for the conventional
      teatcup, 7 of 25 for the restricted liner, and 3 of 25 for the partial liner.
      These occurrences of transfer correlate well with previously measured reverse
      pressure gradients across the short milk tube.

PMID- 6386907
TI  - Evaluation of teat dips with excised teats.
AB  - Thirty-eight teat dip formulations were evaluated for germicidal activity against
      Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae with an excised teat model.
      Twenty-six of 27 iodophor products provided log reductions greater than 3 against
      Staphylococcus aureus, but only 13 against Streptococcus agalactiae. Log
      reductions obtained with two .2% quaternary ammonium and .5% cetylpyridium
      chloride products were greater than 4 against both organisms. A 1% benzyl alcohol
      formulation provided log reductions of 3.86 and 4.30 against Staphylococcus
      aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae. Germicidal activities of six novel
      formulations containing sodium chlorite were determined. Two products were
      effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae with log
      reductions greater than 4. One product provided a log reduction of 3; three
      products were ineffective.

PMID- 6386908
TI  - Porous ceramic materials as immediate root implants.

PMID- 6386909
TI  - Polymers in the service of prosthetic dentistry.

PMID- 6386910
TI  - Statistics of nevi in 3-year-old Japanese children.

PMID- 6386911
TI  - The use of a metal halide lamp for the induction of photohemolysis in porphyria.

PMID- 6386912
TI  - Effects of serum albumin on coagulase release from Staphylococcus aureus derived
      from bullous impetigo.

PMID- 6386913
TI  - Disturbed mitotic processes of stroma cells in a patient with tuberous sclerosis.

PMID- 6386914
TI  - Laboratory studies of collagen wound dressing (CAS). Part III. Transport of
      radioactivity from 3H-CAS applied to experimental skin excisions.

PMID- 6386915
TI  - Possibility of passive transfer of cold urticaria to guinea pigs.

PMID- 6386916
TI  - Localized scleroderma (morphoea): studies of eccrine gland function and skin
      microtopography.

PMID- 6386917
TI  - Comparison of the in vitro antifungal activities of clotrimazole, miconazole,
      econazole and exalamide against clinical isolates of dermatophytes.

PMID- 6386918
TI  - A peculiar corporal pigmentation--a presumed variant of acropigmentatio
      reticularis (Kitamura).

PMID- 6386919
TI  - Ectopic nail associated with bone deformity.

PMID- 6386920
TI  - Pachyonychia congenita with patent ductus arteriosus.

PMID- 6386921
TI  - Inverse ratio ventilation compared with PEEP in adult respiratory failure.
AB  - We have compared the cardiorespiratory effects of an inspiratory: expiratory
      (I:E) ratio of 4:1 with a ratio of 1:2 in 10 adult patients requiring
      intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) for acute respiratory
      insufficiency. Further comparisons were made with IPPV with positive end
      expiratory pressure (PEEP) which was adjusted to achieve an equal external end
      expiratory volume (EEEV) to that produced by the 4:1 ratio, as determined by
      respiratory inductive plethysmography, and with an I:E ratio that only changed
      the EEEV minimally (IRV-min). Percentage pulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt) was reduced
      equally with PEEP and with the 4:1 I:E ratio but both patterns reduced cardiac
      output and oxygen delivery. IRV-min also reduced Qs/Qt significantly but had no
      effect on cardiac output so that oxygen delivery was increased. The dead space to
      tidal volume ratio (VD/VT) during IPPV-4:1 and IRV-min was reduced significantly
      when compared with that during IPPV-1:2. The clinical implications of the
      findings suggest that for some ITU patients, a modest increase in I:E ratio to
      between 1.1:1 and 1.7:1 may produce better gas exchange without significantly
      effecting the cardiac output.

PMID- 6386922
TI  - Differential ventilation with selective PEEP in bilateral lung disease.
AB  - A patient with severe, acute respiratory failure (ARF) due to bilateral lung
      disease has been treated with a new ventilation concept aimed at improving the
      vertical match of ventilation and perfusion. The patient suffered from severe
      hypoxemia in spite of artificial ventilation with high PEEP and high inspired
      oxygen fraction. He was intubated with a double lumen bronchial catheter and
      placed in the lateral decubital posture, whereafter each lung was ventilated in
      accordance with its assumed perfusion, and selective PEEP of 10-15 cm H2O to the
      dependent and 0-5 cm H2O to the non-dependent lung was applied. Differential
      ventilation with selective PEEP resulted in a substantial improvement in
      pulmonary gas exchange in two separate periods of 3-4 days. The technique thus
      proved to be efficient and also clinically feasible in a standard intensive care
      unit.

PMID- 6386924
TI  - A treasury of dentistry. Royal extractions.

PMID- 6386923
TI  - Mary Jane Seacole 1805-1881: a black British nurse.

PMID- 6386925
TI  - The presidents. George Walter Dittmar 1932-1933.

PMID- 6386926
TI  - Contamination of dental unit cooling water with oral microorganisms and its
      prevention.
AB  - Each time the handpiece turbine is stopped while the bur is still in the
      patient's mouth, almost 1 ml of microbe-laden oral fluids may be aspirated into
      the average dental unit water line by the retraction valve present in the dental
      unit. This fluid may contain an average in excess of 54,000 microorganisms per
      milliliter, including both facultative and obligate anaerobic bacteria of medium
      to high virulence. Other infectious agents including hepatitis, herpes,
      influenza, and other upper respiratory viruses may also be present. This germ
      laden water may then be sprayed into the mouth of the next patient, possibly
      initiating an oral or upper respiratory tract infection. Sterilizing the
      handpiece between appointments, although of great significance in the prevention
      of disease transmission, will not totally eliminate the problem discussed here as
      almost 95% of the oral fluid aspirated into the dental unit went past the
      handpiece and into the handpiece cooling water line. Complete elimination of the
      retraction valve in the unit is the most effective means of solving this problem,
      but, with present dental unit designs, this may result in water dripping onto the
      patient. A viable alternative is the installation of a check valve (anti
      retraction valve) downstream from the retraction valve. Installation of a check
      valve resulted in an almost 4,000-fold decrease in this contamination. The
      attachment of a check valve will have no effect on normal less virulent bacteria
      already present in tap water. These bacteria colonize the water lines of the
      dental unit and are then continually shed into the water in numbers often as high
      as 1,000,000 CFU/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6386927
TI  - In search of treatment longevity--a 30-year perspective.
AB  - Consumers spent $10 billion on restorative dental treatment in 1979. Little
      information is available regarding the life expectancy of these restorations or
      what proportion of these restorations replaces previous ones. A critical
      literature review was presented, covering all available longevity data of
      posterior restorations. Necessary methodologic standards for evaluation of the
      studies were outlined and used in the review. The lack of these critical
      variables--patient selection, missing follow-up data, and judgment criteria for
      determining need for replacement or failure (or both)--minimized the usefulness
      of the results. Study results are generalizable only to similar patient
      populations and not all patients. Much more controlled research needs to be done.

PMID- 6386928
TI  - Desquamative gingivitis and extragingival collapsed bulla.
AB  - Mucous membrane pemphigoid is a relatively rare, chronic scarring vesiculobullous
      disease that frequently affects the oral and ocular mucosa. Other mucous
      membranes and skin are less frequently affected. Characteristic oral lesions
      include desquamative gingivitis, and extragingival ulcers and collapsed vesicles
      and bullae. Ocular involvement may lead to blindness. Local and systemic
      corticoid hormones, dapsone, and periodontal therapy have all been used with
      variable success to treat the disease.

PMID- 6386929
TI  - Dentistry on stamps (Dr. Kerstin Palm).

PMID- 6386930
TI  - Joseph Whittlesey Noble: an American in Hong Kong.

PMID- 6386931
TI  - Status report on enamel bonding of composite, preformed laminate, and laboratory
      fabricated resin veneers. Council on Dental Materials, Instruments, and
      Equipment.

PMID- 6386932
TI  - Oral amrinone for the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure: results of a
      multicenter randomized double-blind and placebo-controlled withdrawal study.
AB  - A placebo-controlled study was employed to evaluate the effects of oral amrinone
      in patients with congestive heart failure. After a baseline period of at least 4
      weeks of standard treatment for refractory congestive heart failure, oral
      amrinone was added to the treatment regimen of 173 patients. Patients were
      predominantly male (89%), aged 24 to 76 years (mean 54), with ischemic (52%) or
      idiopathic (37%) dilated cardiomyopathy, in New York Heart Association functional
      class II (40%), III (59%) and IV (1%) and having a mean (+/- standard deviation)
      left ventricular ejection fraction of 25 +/- 15%. Phase 1: After the addition of
      amrinone (113 +/- 33 mg three times daily), 52 patients (30%) showed a maximal
      increase in treadmill exercise time exceeding 2 minutes (Naughton protocol), 72
      (42%) had a lesser increase, 24 (14%) developed limiting adverse reactions, 20
      (12%) died and 5 dropped out of the study. Fifty-two "responders" (30%) who were
      free of limiting side effects and had a greater than 2 minute increase in
      exercise time were randomized in double-blind fashion to continued amrinone or
      switched to placebo (each plus standard treatment) for an additional 12 weeks.
      Phase 2: Comparison of 31 of these 52 responders who continued to receive
      amrinone with the remaining 21 randomized to placebo revealed no significant
      differences in vital signs, indexes of left ventricular size and function,
      systolic time intervals or maximal exercise time. Continued follow-up study of
      patients receiving either amrinone or placebo revealed decreases in exercise
      times of 7 and 10%, respectively (both p less than 0.05 compared with before
      randomization). Episodes of worsened congestive heart failure severe enough to
      mandate termination of double-blind treatment were as frequent in patients taking
      placebo (4[18%] of 21) as in those taking amrinone (4[13%] of 31; p = NS). The
      average symptom score and functional class of each treatment group remained
      comparable. Adverse effects such as gastrointestinal and central nervous system
      complaints were more common with amrinone treatment as were elevations of serum
      liver enzymes and reduced platelet counts. This large multicenter, randomized
      double-blind withdrawal study revealed no change in estimates of cardiac
      performance after the discontinuation of amrinone. These findings suggest that
      amrinone, in the dosages tested, does not importantly improve cardiac function
      beyond that provided by standard treatment with digoxin, diuretic drugs and
      vasodilators.

PMID- 6386934
TI  - Cigarette smoking, atherosclerosis and the coronary hemodynamic response: a
      unifying hypothesis.

PMID- 6386933
TI  - Short- and long-term efficacy of nicardipine, assessed by placebo-controlled
      single- and double-blind crossover trials in patients with chronic stable angina.
AB  - The efficacy of nicardipine, a new calcium ion antagonist, was studied in 39
      patients aged 42 to 70 years with chronic stable angina in two different placebo
      controlled single- and double-blind crossover trials and with long-term follow
      up, using serial quantitated exercise testing and ambulatory ST segment
      monitoring. In the first study the minimal effective dose was determined, and in
      the repeat study the effects of three different dose levels were evaluated.
      Treadmill exercise testing was performed at the end of each 2 week treatment
      period with on-line computer analysis of the electrocardiogram. The mean (+/-
      standard error of the mean) exercise time was 6.8 +/- 0.7 minutes on placebo and
      7.0 +/- 0.8 minutes during treatment with nicardipine, 60 mg/day (p = NS). This
      increased to 8.7 +/- 0.8 (p less than 0.001) and 9.2 +/- 0.9 minutes (p less than
      0.001) with 90 and 120 mg/day, respectively. The mean heart rate at rest during
      placebo administration was 75 +/- 2 beats/min and increased to 85 +/- 3, 84 +/- 2
      and 88 +/- 3 beats/min (p less than 0.02, p less than 0.01, p less than 0.01,
      respectively) at each dose level. The time taken to develop 1 mm of ST segment
      depression was prolonged from 4.8 +/- 0.6 minutes during placebo administration
      to 5.3 +/- 0.7 (p = NS), 6.4 +/- 0.7 (p less than 0.01) and 6.7 +/- 0.8 minutes
      (p less than 0.001), respectively, at each dose level. The improvement achieved
      after 2 weeks of nicardipine, 120 mg daily, was maintained over a period of 6
      months of follow-up. Three patients were withdrawn, one taking 60 mg of
      nicardipine, one taking 90 mg of nicardipine and one taking placebo, but the
      overall incidence of side effects was low. Nicardipine is an effective
      antianginal agent with an optimal dose of 90 to 120 mg/day.

PMID- 6386935
TI  - Scintigraphic detection of coronary artery thrombi in patients with acute
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - To determine whether coronary thrombi can be detected scintigraphically after
      acute myocardial infarction, 24 patients were studied with a new method employing
      indium-111-labeled platelets and technetium-99m-labeled red blood cells. Nine
      patients with suspected infarction were evaluated initially within 9 hours of the
      onset of symptoms and again 18 to 24 hours after onset. Eight patients with
      neurologic symptoms but without overt cardiac disease and seven patients with
      angina but without infarction served as unmatched control subjects. Foci of net
      indium accumulation were detected after image processing that incorporated
      subtraction of blood pool activity. Carotid and pulmonary artery reference
      regions, in which blood pool activity is high and active platelet deposition
      unlikely, were used to correct digitized cardiac scintigrams for indium-111
      platelet activity in the blood pool. In patients with infarction, distinct foci
      of net indium accumulation were present in regions corresponding to the coronary
      artery supplying ischemic zones. This occurred in seven of eight patients at the
      time of the earliest evaluation (5.6 +/- 3.3 hours [mean +/- SD] after the onset
      of symptoms) and in eight of nine patients at the time of subsequent imaging
      (23.6 +/- 1.9 hours after onset). Only 1 of the 15 control patients exhibited a
      cardiac focus of net indium accumulation. The percent of indium excess (100
      [total indium-111 activity-blood pool indium-111 activity]/blood pool indium-111
      activity) within the cardiac region measured (+/- SD) 16.8 +/- 11.6% in all
      patients with myocardial infarction (19.1 +/- 11.2% in those with visually
      identified foci) compared with 0.4 +/- 4.3% in control patients (p less than
      0.001). This method permits early detection and sequential assessment of coronary
      artery thrombi. It should permit improved characterization of the role of
      platelets in the pathogenesis of acute manifestations of coronary vascular
      disease and improved evaluation of interventions designed to prevent or lyse
      coronary thrombi.

PMID- 6386936
TI  - Intranasal fenoterol in asthmatic subjects: an alternative route of
      administration.
AB  - In a double-blind crossover trial the beta 2-agonist fenoterol was administered
      by the nose and by mouth in 10 patients with stable asthma. In both situations
      the bronchodilating effect of fenoterol as measured by changes in forced
      expiratory volume in 1 sec, peak expiratory flow, and maximal expiratory flow at
      50% vital capacity was significant (p less than 0.01) compared to placebo. The
      fenoterol was given in the nose by means of two puffs of 0.2 mg in each nostril
      (total of 0.8 mg) from a pressurized canister while the patient was holding his
      breath at total lung capacity; it was followed by an exhalation through the nose.
      When an effect could be defined as a submaximal plateau, the medication was
      repeated once. The peroral administration consisted of an inhalation of 0.4 mg of
      fenoterol from the pressurized canister by use of a standard procedure. Also this
      medication was repeated after a submaximal effect could be defined. Neither after
      the first nor the second medication was there any significant difference between
      the effect on the lung function of the two ways of administration. It is
      concluded that the intranasal administration of fenoterol can be considered an
      alternative way of self-administration by the severely ill asthmatic subject who
      is unable to inhale the bronchodilator or can be used by the emergency staff on
      the first contact with the severely ill asthmatic patient in the hospital.

PMID- 6386937
TI  - Autoallergic reactions induced by procainamide.
AB  - Procainamide has a high propensity for the induction of an autoimmune response.
      The immune response is highly selective and the autoantibodies so induced are
      directed against nuclear histones. Acetylator phenotypes play an important role
      in the immune response, with slow acetylators developing antihistone antibodies
      much sooner than fast acetylators. In the early detection of drug-induced lupus
      syndromes, the finding of antihistone antibodies in the absence of other types of
      antinuclear antibodies greatly aids in establishing the diagnosis.

PMID- 6386938
TI  - Proteins: chymopapain and insulin.
AB  - We studied clinical and immunologic aspects of the reactions to two newly
      introduced drugs, chymopapain and human recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid insulin
      (HI), in patients demonstrating allergies to one of these two drugs. We then used
      this information to improve our ability to diagnose and prevent chymopapain
      allergy and to further our understanding of systemic insulin allergy and its
      management. Of the patients who were sensitive to chymopapain, one had severe
      anaphylaxis to intradisc injection while the other had rhinitis, asthma, and
      urticaria with occupational exposure. The latter demonstrated cutaneous
      reactivity to papain; the former refused skin testing. Both demonstrated
      immunoglobulin (Ig) E and IgG to chymopapain as measured by enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay. We have prospectively skin tested 61 patients with
      chymopapain. Sixty-one patients have had negative skin tests and have tolerated
      the intradisc injection of chymopapain without incident. We are continuing our
      prospective skin test study in order to identify a population at risk for allergy
      to chymopapain. Two patients with systemic allergic reactions to animal insulin
      have at least as much cutaneous reactivity and IgE and IgG antibodies to HI as to
      porcine insulin. A large local reaction occurred during an attempt to desensitize
      one of them to HI; the patient was subsequently desensitized without difficulty
      to porcine insulin, to which she was less skin reactive. We conclude that HI will
      not eliminate insulin allergy in patients with systemic allergy to animal insulin
      and that such patients will continue to require the usual therapeutic measures
      for insulin allergy.

PMID- 6386939
TI  - 1H NMR methods for the noninvasive study of metabolism and other processes
      involving small molecules in intact erythrocytes.
AB  - 1H NMR methods are described with which resolved resonances can be obtained for
      many of the small molecules in intact erythrocytes. In one method, the more
      intense hemoglobin resonances are suppressed by transfer of saturation throughout
      the hemoglobin spin system by cross relaxation following a selective saturation
      pulse. In a second method, the hemoglobin resonances are eliminated with the spin
      echo pulse sequence by using a between-pulse delay time long enough for complete
      elimination of the hemoglobin resonances by spin-spin relaxation. Selected
      examples of the study of erythrocyte biochemistry by 1H NMR are discussed.

PMID- 6386940
TI  - Reflex control of regional circulations in humans.
AB  - This study of autonomic control of the peripheral vascular system deals with
      reflex control of regional circulations, vasoconstriction in the upright posture,
      disturbances in the normal regulation caused by dysautonomia and spinal cord
      transection, regional vasomotor responses to thermal stress, and the overall
      sympathetic nerve activity in humans under stress. Data presented describe local
      and overall reactions that occur in normal and abnormal states. In varieties of
      stresses, humans adjust by increasing sympathetic nerve outflow in a highly
      predictable fashion. However, powerful local or humoral influences, such as those
      generated by hypoxia, hemorrhage, etc., are pitted against neurogenic
      vasoconstriction so that prediction of responses is very difficult.

PMID- 6386941
TI  - Arterial baroreceptor control of blood pressure in man.
AB  - Information on arterial baroreceptor control of circulation is much more
      restricted in man than in animals, largely because of the limitations in the
      techniques available in humans for this type of study. However, recent
      utilization of the neck chamber technique that addresses the primary function of
      an arterial baroreflex, i.e. blood pressure control, has provided a significant
      amount of information. This paper describes baroreceptor control of blood
      pressure as derived from neck chamber studies in normal people and discusses its
      modifications by exercise and ageing, and its participation in a phenomenon such
      as spontaneous blood pressure variability. The description given here is focused
      on aspects of this baroreceptor control that have changed the concept of the
      overall arterial baroreceptor function developed by means of techniques for
      studying only baroreceptor influences on heart rate.

PMID- 6386942
TI  - Plasma noradrenaline kinetics in humans.
AB  - Recently developed radiotracer methods for measuring the overall rate of release
      of noradrenaline to plasma, for the body as a whole, can be used to estimate
      'total sympathetic nervous system activity' in humans. These techniques find
      application in clinical studies of sympathetic nervous physiology and
      pharmacology. The inherent weakness of any biochemical test of global sympathetic
      tone such as this lies in the fact that sympathetic nervous system responses
      typically show regional differentiation. Biochemical indices of overall
      sympathetic activity are insufficiently discriminating to delineate patterns of
      sympathetic nervous response, representing instead an algebraic sum of all
      regional increases or decreases in sympathetic tone. Modification of the whole
      body radiotracer methodology enables organ-specific sympathetic nervous system
      activity to be estimated, from measurements of regional release of noradrenaline
      to plasma. This should facilitate investigation of possible sympathetic
      pathophysiology in disease states. Illustrative of potential application of the
      method are preliminary findings of increased renal sympathetic nervous tone in
      young patients with essential hypertension, and of selective activation of
      sympathetic nerves to the kidney by diuretics.

PMID- 6386944
TI  - Paper--permanence and durability.

PMID- 6386943
TI  - Fatty acid mobilization to 2-deoxyglucose is blocked by globus pallidus lesions.
AB  - Lesions of the lateral hypothalamus or discrete bilateral transections on the
      lateral border of the lateral hypothalamus disrupt the mobilization of metabolic
      fuels to intraperitoneal administration of the glucose analog 2-deoxyglucose. To
      better define the pathways involved in these responses, the effects of globus
      pallidus lesions on body fuel mobilization were investigated. Globus pallidus
      lesions blocked the increase in plasma free fatty acids normally caused by 2
      deoxyglucose, but did not diminish the concomitant hyperglycemia. The data
      indicate that a pathway running through the globus pallidus, crossing the
      dorsoanterolateral hypothalamic border, and turning caudally in the dorsolateral
      hypothalamus is important in the immediate release of free fatty acids following
      2-deoxyglucose administration.

PMID- 6386945
TI  - [The appropriateness of our therapeutic attitude to expulsive hemorrhage].
AB  - Documented data on etiopathogenicity and treatment of expulsive hemorrhage are
      reviewed and a case reported. Validity of a new therapeutic approach to this
      lesion was confirmed after treatment consisting mainly of posterior
      choriodialysis combined with a wide Z-shaped scleral incision.

PMID- 6386946
TI  - Genotoxicity of methyl parathion in short-term bacterial test systems.
AB  - Genotoxicity of the insecticide methyl parathion was investigated in Salmonella
      typhimurium and Escherichia coli bacterial test systems for the detection of back
      mutations and DNA-damage. Methyl parathion was mutagenic to S. typhimurium strain
      TA100 after activation with rat liver microsomal and cytosolic enzymes. In DNA
      repair tests, methyl parathion was effective in inducing damage to the S.
      typhimurium strain TA1538 which lack excision repair compared to the strain
      TA1978 which is proficient in excision repair mechanisms. Normal laboratory light
      conditions had no effect on the mutagenicity tests, however, exposure of methyl
      parathion in the petri dish containing the tester strain TA100 and rat liver
      microsomal and cytosolic enzymes reduced the mutagenic activity and increased the
      toxic effects of methyl parathion.

PMID- 6386947
TI  - Effects of intravenous glucose on whole body leucine dynamics, studied with 1-13C
      leucine, in healthy young and elderly adults.
AB  - We examined whole body leucine metabolism in healthy young and elderly adults
      while in the postabsorptive state and during an intravenous glucose
      administration at two rates. Leucine flux, incorporation into whole body protein,
      and oxidation were estimated from a continuous intravenous infusion of L-[1
      13C]leucine and determination of 13C enrichment in plasma leucine and expired
      air. Per unit of body weight, leucine flux and rates of incorporation into
      protein were similar in young and old men. Old women showed lower rates compared
      with young women. Rates were similar for both age groups when expressed per unit
      of total body water and/or of muscle protein mass. Intravenous glucose infusion
      (4 mg . kg-1 . min-1) reduced plasma leucine levels and flux similarly in both
      age groups. Thus, age-related differences in muscle mass and sensitivity of
      peripheral tissues to insulin-mediated glucose uptake and metabolism are not
      paralleled by alterations in whole body leucine kinetics in the postabsorptive
      state.

PMID- 6386948
TI  - Pathogenesis of bacteriuria in elderly women: the role of Escherichia coli
      adherence to vaginal epithelial cells.
AB  - In vitro Escherichia coli adherence to exfoliated epithelial cells obtained from
      a group of elderly women was compared with adherence values in young healthy
      women in an attempt to define the role of adherence as an independent host risk
      factor for the acquisition of bacteriuria. Utilizing four uropathogenic strains
      of E. coli possessing differing fimbrial adherence mechanisms, no evidence was
      found of increased adherence receptivity of vaginal epithelial cells for bacteria
      in elderly women. In contrast, there was evidence of significantly reduced
      attachment of two of four strains in the elderly women (p less than .02). Based
      upon preliminary studies using four E. coli strains, susceptibility to bacterial
      adherence does not appear to be a mechanism responsible for the increased
      frequency of E. coli bacteriuria in elderly women.

PMID- 6386949
TI  - [Value and indications for ultrasonographic determination of fetal sex].
AB  - From the end of the first trimester of pregnancy it is possible to recognize the
      sex of the fetus. The percentage with which this can be done rises progressively
      with the age of the fetus (from 29% at 18 weeks to 72% at 24 weeks), and with the
      experience of the operator. Errors are few; about between 1 and 2%. The number of
      errors in the ability to decide the sex is independent of which sex the fetus is.
      The body measurements show a difference between the made and the female fetuses
      which is statistically significant from the 20th week onwards. Growth tables
      which are specific for each sex can be made.

PMID- 6386950
TI  - [Steinert disease and pregnancy].
AB  - Steinert's syndrome and pregnancy with delivery are rarely associated. It is a
      dominant autosome disease. Certain signs in pregnancy may suggest that the fetus
      is affected. One case made it possible to demonstrate these facts. Hydramnios
      with infrequent fetal movements and a slow fetal heart rate may lead to a
      suspicion of fetal involvement. This is always serious. The presence of the
      disease in the mother should be sought if it is not already known. If there is
      already a known family history the patient should see a geneticist so long as
      early amniocentesis has not yet been performed.

PMID- 6386951
TI  - [Peritonitis following cesarean section. Report of 2 cases. The value of
      laparostomy].
AB  - The authors describe two cases of severe septic complications after caesarean
      section. They compare primary closure of the abdomen with the method of leaving
      it open. This should only be used very rarely but may help to shorten the stay in
      hospital and lessen the severity of the complications of severe peritonitis,
      which still today in these rare cases of surgery carry very heavy mortality.

PMID- 6386952
TI  - [Ethical problems of prenatal diagnosis].

PMID- 6386953
TI  - Surgical-orthodontic treatment of a unilateral maxillary transverse deficiency: a
      case report.

PMID- 6386954
TI  - Composite metacarpophalangeal joint reconstruction in great toe-to-hand free
      tissue transfers.
AB  - he recommended technique of skeletal fixation of great toe-to-hand free tissue
      transfers for thumb reconstruction is related to the length of the first ray
      present. When the entire first metacarpal is intact, fusion of the disarticulated
      great toe proximal phalanx to the metacarpal head has been described. Another
      possibility in this selected situation with cartilage present on the metacarpal
      head is to reconstruct a new metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint from a cuff of
      collateral ligaments and plantar plate on the proximal phalanx, anchored to the
      metacarpal head. In a series of 45 great toe-to-thumb transfers, eight were done
      with a composite MP joint reconstruction technique. A description of this
      technique and clinical results are presented. Based on the results in these
      patients, this technique should be considered as an alternative to joint fusion
      when the entire first metacarpal is intact.

PMID- 6386955
TI  - Intraosseous blood supply of the capitate and its correlation with aseptic
      necrosis.
AB  - Isolated capitate fractures that result in the development of aseptic necrosis of
      the proximal pole are uncommon. Five patients were treated who developed aseptic
      necrosis of the proximal pole. Four had a history of trauma with radiographic
      evidence of nonunion. In vitro arterial injection studies were done to correlate
      clinical problem with intraosseous capitate vascularity. Palmar vessels were
      found to contribute the majority of the blood supply to the capitate. Three
      patterns of intraosseous blood supply were seen. In each pattern, the proximal
      pole received its blood supply exclusively in a retrograde fashion across the
      capitate waist analogous to the proximal scaphoid. Aseptic necrosis without
      collapse of the proximal pole was successfully managed with curettage and bone
      grafting in three patients. The remaining two patients, with collapse and
      pericapitate degenerative changes, were managed with intercarpal fusion.

PMID- 6386956
TI  - A technique for anterior wedge-shaped grafts for scaphoid nonunions with carpal
      instability.
AB  - This article presents a brief description of the following modifications of the
      original Fisk procedure for navicular nonunions with carpal instability: (1)
      preoperative calculation of exact scaphoid length and form based on comparative
      roentgenograms of the opposite wrist, (2) the use of a palmar approach, (3) the
      insertion of a wedge-shaped corticocancellous graft from the iliac crest after
      resection of the pseudarthrosis, and (4) the use of internal fixation.
      Preoperative planning is considered essential to restore the anatomic length,
      analyze the angular deformity, evaluate the pathologic scapholunate angle, and
      calculate the resection and size of the graft needed. The palmar approach reduces
      the danger of iatrogenic damage of the vascular supply of the scaphoid and
      accidental lesions of the superficial branches of the radial nerve. Furthermore
      it provides a better exposure of the scapholunate joint to correct lunate
      rotation. Iliac bone is preferred to the radial styloid graft, as proposed by
      Fisk, because of its better ability to resist compression forces. Internal
      fixation adds rotational stability so that continued postoperative plaster
      immobilization can be reduced to a minimum of 8 weeks.

PMID- 6386957
TI  - Hypothenar skin grafts for fingertip reconstruction.
AB  - Full-thickness skin grafts from the hypothenar area were used to reconstruct 25
      digits in a group of 20 patients. The results were evaluated objectively and
      subjectively at an average of 9.5 months after operation for sensibility,
      durability, and appearance. Eighty-six percent of the patients had two-point
      discrimination of 10 mm or less, with one half of them having two-point
      discrimination of less than 6 mm. All patients had good protective coverage and
      no ulcer formation. All patients could differentiate between coarse and smooth
      texture, although only one third had texture discrimination equal to that of
      normal digits. None of the patients complained of hypersensitivity. The donor
      site was cosmetically acceptable in all cases. The use of hypothenar full
      thickness grafts provides an acceptable method for fingertip reconstruction,
      particularly in instances of palmar and lateral pulp loss in which there is
      insufficient tissue available for local advancement.

PMID- 6386958
TI  - Vibrio hand infections: a case report and review of the literature.
AB  - A case of Vibrio vulnificus infection of the hand is presented. The role of
      Vibrio species as primary pathogens in infections associated with exposure to a
      marine environment is discussed.

PMID- 6386959
TI  - Primary hemangiopericytoma of bone in the hand: a case report.
AB  - Primary hemangiopericytoma of the bone is rarely described in the literature.
      This is a case report of primary hemangiopericytoma of the second metacarpal that
      was treated by en bloc resection and replacement with iliac bone graft. An
      excellent result was present 2 years after the operation.

PMID- 6386960
TI  - Crabs in a bucket: the politics of health care reform in California.
AB  - In 1982 the state of California adopted a package of legislation collectively
      known as "the Medi-Cal reform." This article examines the background of this
      reform, the process through which it was adopted by the state legislature, and
      its effects on the various interests involved. In particular, the article focuses
      on the alteration of power relationships occasioned by the emergence of business
      interests as an active force in the formulation of health policy.

PMID- 6386961
TI  - Effectiveness of state mandates to maintain local government health services for
      the poor.
AB  - State governments have used several types of mandates to assure that local
      governments fulfill state-defined responsibilities, including public health care
      for the poor. This article reports the findings of a study of procedural public
      participation mandates and financial sanctions imposed by California to hold
      counties to their obligations to provide indigent health care. An inventory of
      the laws' implementation in all California counties found noncompliance by some
      counties, although all counties complied after a state Health Services Department
      unit was established to monitor the counties and provide them with state aid.
      Case studies in eight counties identified factors that influenced the
      effectiveness of the laws in modifying or reversing county proposals to close
      county hospitals or reduce other health services. Policy guidelines are suggested
      for states that want to develop mandates to enforce indigent-care
      responsibilities of local governments.

PMID- 6386962
TI  - Relationship between urine pH and clearance of microfilaraemia following
      diethylcarbamazine treatment.

PMID- 6386963
TI  - Bancroftian filariasis in two selected rural communities in Puri district: Orissa
      -a comparative study of filariometric data.

PMID- 6386964
TI  - A comparative micro in-vitro test of P. falciparum to mefloquine and chloroquine
      in Gadchiroli District, Maharashtra State.

PMID- 6386965
TI  - Antibiotic sensitivity of beta-haemolytic streptococci--a four year rural and
      urban survey report.

PMID- 6386966
TI  - The radiologic diagnosis of thoracic aortic rupture on plain film.
AB  - This paper reviews the recent literature (1968-1982) describing the radiologic
      diagnosis of aortic rupture and attempts to define causal relationships between
      rupture and radiologic signs as well as assessing respective predictive values.
      Also presented is a case report of a patient with thoracic aortic rupture in whom
      esophageal (nasogastric tube) displacement occurred to the left rather than the
      right, in apparent violation of one of the more newly established radiologic
      signs of aortic rupture.

PMID- 6386967
TI  - Croup: pathogenesis and management.
AB  - Croup syndromes are common in children, most frequently being infectious in
      origin. Children present with a slow progression of inspiratory and expiratory
      stridor and a croupy, "barking seal" cough. Children are variably febrile and
      with progression of disease, exhaustion, agitation, cyanosis and air hunger may
      develop. The evaluation of the patient must focus on the degree of respiratory
      distress and associated findings. Epiglottitis and foreign body aspiration must
      be excluded. Management is primarily dependent upon administration of humidified
      air. Children with moderate to severe croup benefit from racemic epinephrine and
      steroids. Admission is indicated in children with stridor at rest, evidence of
      exhaustion, toxicity or respiratory distress. Active airway intervention is
      rarely required but may be life saving if obstruction develops.

PMID- 6386968
TI  - Methanol poisoning.
AB  - Methanol poisoning is an uncommon but an extremely hazardous intoxication. Since
      methanol is a versatile fuel and is having increasing usage in an energy
      conscious society, a high index of suspicion and swift laboratory confirmation is
      essential in managing this poisoning. Methanol poisoning may occur in sporadic or
      epidemic circumstances. Chronic exposure may occur in the occupational setting.
      Man is uniquely susceptible to methanol toxicity, perhaps dependent upon folate
      metabolism. Classic symptoms of methanol toxicity can only occur in laboratory
      animals who are rendered folate deficient. Folate may be useful in humans
      enhancing removal of the toxic products of methanol poisoning. The enzyme
      responsible for metabolism of methanol is alcohol dehydrogenase. Ethanol has a
      higher affinity for this enzyme and is preferentially metabolized. Simultaneous
      ethanol and methanol administration may confuse the onset of the intoxication.
      Pyrazoles may also be used to inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase thus preventing the
      intoxication. The most important initial symptom of methanol poisoning is visual
      disturbance. The symptoms may be delayed up to 24 hours after ingestion due to
      simultaneous alcohol administration and metabolic processes. Laboratory evidence
      of severe metabolic acidosis with increased anion and osmolar gaps strongly
      suggest the clinical diagnosis. There may be an important association between
      mean corpuscular volume which is significantly higher in cases of severe methanol
      poisoning than in mild cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6386969
TI  - Facial and periorbital cellulitis in children.
AB  - Facial and periorbital cellulitis require emergent recognition and treatment.
      Hemophilus influenzae type B is the most common pathogen, with Streptococcus
      pneumoniae being cultured less frequently. Infections following injury are
      usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus and group A streptococci. Initial
      evaluation must exclude more severe orbital involvement. Appropriate
      bacteriological specimens should be obtained. Management requires parenteral
      antibiotics and careful monitoring for a clinical response or dissemination to
      other sites of infection.

PMID- 6386970
TI  - Transcutaneous cardiac pacing.
AB  - Transvenous cardiac pacing is currently the pacing procedure of choice in
      patients with severe, life-threatening bradyarrhythmias that do not respond to
      pharmacotherapy. However, pacing catheters can be difficult to insert and
      frequently fail to capture in severely hypotensive patients. Therefore, there has
      been a recent resurgence of interest in external pacing methods. Newer
      transcutaneous cardiac pacing units are easy to apply and especially suited for
      unconscious patients with severe, life-threatening bradyarrhythmias. There is no
      operator danger and, if need be, cardiopulmonary resuscitation can continue while
      the electrodes are in place and the unit is operating. Human and animal studies
      to date have shown that there are no significant short-term clinical hazards or
      pathologic abnormalities when using this technique.

PMID- 6386971
TI  - Joseph Babinski: the phenomenon of the toes.
AB  - Joseph Babinski first described the plantar cutaneous reflex that bears his name
      in two papers in 1896 and 1898. He linked the sign, which he termed "the
      phenomenon of the toes," to disturbances of the pyramidal tract. In the nearly 90
      years that have elapsed since the original description, little significant
      elaboration has been made upon Babinski's initial works. Although the reflex is
      best known in conjunction with organic disease involving structural injury to the
      corticospinal tract, it may be present in a number of toxic and metabolic
      disturbances. These are diverse, and no satisfactory explanation exists to
      explain the presence of the reflex in such clinical entities. In some instances
      the reflex reverts to normal following improvement of the underlying condition.

PMID- 6386972
TI  - Supplemental oxygen therapy for adults.

PMID- 6386973
TI  - Diagnostic ultrasound imaging in pregnancy. A National Institutes of Health
      consensus report synopsis.

PMID- 6386974
TI  - Calcium binding sites in plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum as revealed by the
      pyroantimonate technique.
AB  - Plasmodia of the acellular slime mold, Physarum polycephalum, were treated with
      an osmium tetroxide fixative containing potassium pyroantimonate to precipitate
      calcium and thereby localize calcium binding sites and sites of increased calcium
      concentration. Dense calcium pyroantimonate precipitates were detected within the
      nucleoli. The distribution of these precipitates during interphase and mitosis
      coincides with the distribution of the unique minichromosomes in Physarum, i.e.,
      the numerous short pieces of extrachromosomal nucleolar chromatin containing
      segments of amplified DNA coding for ribosomal RNA. Calcium pyroantimonate
      precipitates were present as frequent dense granules in the mitochondrial matrix
      and as fine precipitates in the mitochondrial nucleoid. Large calcium-containing
      precipitates were seen within cytoplasmic vacuoles, confirming reports by others.
      In addition, we have identified calcium binding sites along the cytoplasmic
      surface of the plasma membrane. The distribution of calcium within the plasmodium
      is discussed in relation to the assembly of the mitotic spindle and the
      regulation of cell motility.

PMID- 6386975
TI  - Computerized measurement of the DNA content, areas, and autoradiographic grains
      of the same nuclei: demonstration that lightly (3H)thymidine-labeled bone marrow
      cells are predominantly in G0/G1 and G2.
AB  - A computerized "flying spot" microdensitometer and scanning stage have been
      combined to measure the cellular DNA content, nuclear areas, and autoradiographic
      grain areas of the same cells. The slide positions of the Feulgen-stained,
      (3H)thymidine-labeled cells are mapped with the computerized stage, and nuclear
      DNA content and areas are then determined by integral absorbance measurements at
      588 nm. Following autoradiograph preparation, the cells are relocated and the
      areas of the autoradiographic grains over each nucleus are measured at a light
      wavelength (625 nm) and an optical density setting (greater than 0.10) that do
      not detect the Feulgen stain. The microcomputer calculates the portion of each
      nucleus covered with autoradiographic grains (grain area proportion, GAP), and it
      links the GAP value to the DNA content of each nucleus in the computer file for
      subsequent sorting and analysis. By using this system in a study of mouse bone
      marrow cells labeled in vivo with (3H)thymidine, we found that all S-phase cells
      were clearly labeled after 8 or more days of autoradiographic exposure. Prolonged
      exposures (up to 64 days) led to detection of lightly labeled cells (0.1 less
      than GAP less than 0.8) with G1/G0 and G2 DNA content.

PMID- 6386977
TI  - Visualization of renal kallikrein in luminal and basolateral membranes: effect of
      the tissue processing method.

PMID- 6386976
TI  - Immunocytochemical study of collagen in epidermal growth factor (EGF)-treated
      osteoblastic cells.
AB  - The alteration of collagen components in clone MC3T3-E1 cells by epidermal growth
      factor (EGF) was investigated immunocytochemically, using antibodies to type I
      and type III collagens. EGF transformed those cells that had become more slender
      than those of control cultures. Type I and type III collagens were observed in
      the same cells in both EGF-treated and control cultures. Type I collagen was
      decreased by EGF, whereas type III collagen appeared to be increased. However, no
      cells with only type III collagen were observed, suggesting that EGF influences
      collagen metabolism in clone MC3T3-E1 cells.

PMID- 6386978
TI  - Regarding "A comparison between a modified avidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase system
      and flow cytometry".

PMID- 6386979
TI  - Biological research on homosexuality: Ansell's cow or Occam's razor?
AB  - Research based on the assumption that homosexuality can be traced to heredity,
      prenatal brain differentiation, or effects of gonadotropins in adulthood is
      reviewed. From a biological standpoint the studies are deficient in several
      respects: More or less accurate methods of hormone assay, uncertainty over the
      process of brain sexual differentiation in humans, lack of agreement regarding
      the role of various gonadotropins in human behavior, small samples, and lack of
      controls. Moreover, the biological research is based on unwarranted assumptions
      about human sexuality, sex differences, and sexual orientation that have been
      imported from the social sciences and popular beliefs. The article questions why
      a biological basis for sexual orientation is expected, why biologists try to
      explain homosexuality but not heterosexuality, and what biologists mean by
      "homosexual." The author concludes that the biological research on homosexuality
      shows the ineluctable taint on "objective" science of personal beliefs and
      cultural prejudices.

PMID- 6386980
TI  - H-41, a new minor histocompatibility locus. I. Histogenetic analysis.
AB  - The B10.STA12 mouse congenic line inherited from the wild mouse parent not only
      the H-2w13 haplotype but also an allele at a minor H locus, which we designate H
      41. This allele (H-41a) differentiates the B10.STA12 line from B10.STA10 and
      B10.LIB55, which carry identical H-2w13 haplotypes but a different H-41 allele
      (the H-41b, also present in the background strain C57BL/10Sn). The B10.STA12 and
      B10.STA10 lines reject each other's skin grafts and generate cytolytic T
      lymphocytes (CTL) after in vivo immunization and in vitro restimulation with
      cells of the partner strain. The B10.STA12 anti-B10.STA10 CTL react with
      B10.STA10, B10.LIB55, and B10.STA39 target cells and with cells of F1 hybrids
      between the responder strain B10.STA12 and strains C57BL/6, C57BL/10, C57L,
      BALB/c, A, AKR, WB, DBA/1, and DBA/2 but fail to react with (C3H x B10.STA12) F1
      and (CBA x B10.STA12) F1 cells. The B10.STA10 anti-B10.STA12 CTL react with
      B10.STA12, B10.P, and C3H.NB cells but fail to react to (B6 x B10.STA10) F1
      target cells. The CTL reactivity in both combinations is Dp restricted. The
      B10.STA10 anti-B10.STA12 CTL exhibit, in addition, a cross-reactivity with
      B10.SAA48 cells that may be directed at one of the alloantigens controlled by the
      H-2 haplotype of this strain.

PMID- 6386981
TI  - Immunologic differentiation between E. coli and CHO cell-derived recombinant and
      natural human beta-interferons.
AB  - The products of the human IFN-beta gene expressed in E. coli, Chinese hamster
      ovary (CHO) cells, and human fibroblasts appear similar when purified on a
      monoclonal antibody column and analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC, indicating little
      difference in their hydrophobic nature. SDS-PAGE differentiates E. coli-rHuIFN
      beta ser (Mr = 17,000) from CHO-rHuIFN-beta and HuIFN-beta (Mr = 23,000), with
      glycosylation accounting for 26% of the apparent m.w. of the latter two proteins.
      CHO-rHuIFN-beta is preferentially neutralized by mouse monoclonal and
      monospecific rabbit polyclonal anti-HuIFN-beta antibodies, whereas E. coli-rHuIFN
      beta ser is preferentially neutralized by goat polyclonal anti-E. coli-rHuIFN
      beta antibodies. Adsorption measurements by a sensitive radioimmunoassay indicate
      that the binding of the three proteins to anti-HuIFN-beta antibodies is similar.
      The results show that all three molecules can be differentiated by the
      heteroclitic cross-reactivities of anti-HuIFN-beta and anti-E. coli-rHuIFN-beta
      antibodies to the antigens.

PMID- 6386982
TI  - Enhancement of macrophage immune and nonimmune receptor-mediated phagocytosis by
      a low molecular weight soluble factor from resident thymocytes.
AB  - Macrophage phagocytic activity is regulated in part by products of activated T
      lymphocytes. We previously reported that a heat-stable soluble factor derived
      from resident (nonactivated) thymocytes increases murine peritoneal macrophage Fc
      dependent phagocytosis. In the present study, we further investigate the effect
      of the thymocyte factor on immune and nonimmune receptor-mediated phagocytosis,
      Fc receptor expression, and its approximate m.w. After 4 days of incubation,
      cellfree thymocyte supernatant produced a mean (three experiments) 2.10-, 2.08-,
      and 1.97-fold increase in macrophage phagocytosis of C3-, IgG-, and tannic acid
      treated erythrocytes, respectively. Macrophage IL 1 production was not enhanced
      by a similar concentration of thymocyte supernatant. The thymocyte factor(s)
      increased the number of IgG2a Fc receptors (FcRI) from 2.4 x 10(5) to 3.8 x 10(5)
      receptor sites per macrophage. The number of Fc receptors that bind IgG1 and
      IgG2b (FcRII) was not altered. The soluble factor(s) that increased Fc-mediated
      phagocytosis passed through both 6000- to 8000-dalton and 2000-dalton cutoff
      dialysis membranes and eluted from a Sephadex G-25 Fine column over a m.w. range
      of 200 to 1000 daltons, with a peak activity at 450 daltons. These data suggest
      that resident thymocytes enhance macrophage phagocytosis of opsonized and
      nonopsonized particles through the elaboration of a low m.w. substance(s).

PMID- 6386983
TI  - Staphylococcal protein A binding to the Fab fragments of mouse monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - Two mouse IgG1 monoclonal antibodies specific for the Lewis(a) human blood group
      antigen were purified on protein A-Sepharose by using buffers of decreasing pH
      for elution. Unlike other IgG1 antibodies that eluted at pH 7.0 to 6.0, these
      antibodies could only be eluted at pH 4.0 to 3.0. The Fab and F(ab')2 fragments
      of these antibodies also eluted at pH 4.0 to 3.0, although the Fc fragment of one
      eluted at pH 6.0. This interaction of protein A with Fab was not due to anti
      protein A antibody activity, because the presence of Lewis(a) trisaccharide did
      not prevent the binding of Fab to protein A-Sepharose and because Fab that had
      bound to solid phase hapten could still be recognized by protein A. Thus, certain
      mouse IgG1 antibodies possess determinants in their Fab portion recognized by
      protein A, allowing for the purification of such Fab fragments on protein A
      Sepharose.

PMID- 6386984
TI  - Genetic control of natural resistance to Salmonella typhimurium in mice during
      the late phase of infection.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that C57L and DBA/2 mice are able to control the
      initial net growth of Salmonella typhimurium in splenic and hepatic tissues, but
      when infected i.p., they ultimately succumb to the typhoid-like disease caused by
      this Gram-negative bacterium. In this investigation, it was observed that the
      late-phase susceptibility of both the C57L and DBA/2 strains to murine typhoid
      was not only evident when mice were challenged i.p., but also when mice were
      challenged subcutaneously, i.v., and orally. Genetic analyses were then performed
      to characterize the gene or genes responsible for this susceptibility. The
      results of such experiments were consistent with the hypothesis that a single
      autosomal recessive gene is primarily responsible for the susceptibility. This
      gene was distinct from all other previously defined S. typhimurium response
      genes. The chromosomal location of the late-phase susceptibility gene could not
      be determined; no linkage was observed between expression of the late-phase
      susceptible phenotype and selected markers on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 5, or 7.

PMID- 6386985
TI  - Inhibition of growth of MOPC 104E cells in immunosuppressed mice.
AB  - In this report we provide evidence that suggests that MOPC 104E may come under
      regulation in highly immunosuppressed hosts depleted of T cells. Mice that are
      adult thymectomized, total body irradiated, and transplanted with bone marrow
      cells were able to resist the growth of MOPC 104E cells. Spleen cells from such
      animals had low NK activity and no cytotoxicity against MOPC 104E, and poor
      response to Con A, PHA, and LPS. The animals were deficient in Lyt-1+ and Lyt-2+
      cells. The growth of MOPC 104E cells was measured by using the circulating level
      of MOPC 104E IgM in vivo in mice treated by different modalities. We observed
      that inhibition of tumor growth in vivo varied with the treatment of the host.
      Growth was inhibited in the host in the following order: ATXBM greater than XBM
      greater than NORMAL greater than ATx mice.

PMID- 6386986
TI  - Immunoadsorption of histidinol dehydrogenase in the presence of urea.
AB  - Urea inhibits the activity of histidinol dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli B,
      prevents precipitation of the enzyme by specific antibodies and dissolves
      immunoprecipitates which were formed in the absence of urea. However,
      immunoadsorption of the enzyme to Sepharose-bound antibodies can take place in
      the presence of high concentrations (5-8 M) of urea. The immobilized antibody
      bound enzyme exhibits almost full activity after removal of the urea and is
      inhibited by soluble specific antibodies in the presence of urea. The possibility
      of using immunoadsorption in the presence of urea for the study of insoluble
      proteins is discussed.

PMID- 6386988
TI  - Quantitative measurements of an intrastrain cross-reactive idiotype in IgE
      antibodies.
AB  - This paper describes the development of methods for quantitation of an
      intrastrain cross-reactive idiotype (CRIA) in IgE antibodies directed to the p
      azophenylarsonate (Ar) group and their application to normally immunized and
      idiotypically suppressed mice. The data were validated by the use of monoclonal
      and serum anti-Ar antibodies known to possess or lack CRIA. The idiotype was
      absent in the IgE as well as the total anti-Ar population of idiotypically
      suppressed mice. A good correlation was noted between the CRIA content of total
      and IgE anti-Ar with a trend toward a somewhat lower content in the IgE
      population. Irradiated mice that received immune cells prior to further
      immunization expressed relatively low concentrations of the idiotype (per weight
      unit of anti-Ar). The method will be useful in studies of the regulation of the
      switch to IgE synthesis.

PMID- 6386987
TI  - Immunoaffinity isolation of membrane antigens with biotinylated monoclonal
      antibodies and immobilized streptavidin matrices.
AB  - An efficient immunoaffinity method for isolating detergent-solubilized membrane
      antigens with murine and rat monoclonal antibodies is described that takes
      advantage of the high affinity (Ka approximately 10(14) M-1) of streptavidin for
      biotin. Streptavidin, a Mr approximately 60,000 biotin-binding protein secreted
      by Streptomyces avidinii, is covalently coupled to a high Mr exclusion agarose
      gel (streptavigel) and used to adsorb soluble immune complexes formed with
      affinity-purified, biotinylated monoclonal antibodies. The streptavigel matrix
      has the same high affinity and capacity for each unique biotinyl-monoclonal
      antibody. This results in maximal removal of antigen complexes with minimal
      nonspecific binding of cellular proteins, which is confirmed by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography of biosynthetically
      labeled murine spleen cell antigens (lymphocyte H-2 and Ia antigens). The utility
      of using biotinylated monoclonal antibodies and streptavigel is shown in
      experiments where direct comparisons are performed with Protein A-Sepharose. In
      addition, we have also compared streptavidin and avidin immobilized on a variety
      of other matrix materials for their physical and antigen-binding properties.

PMID- 6386989
TI  - A rapid, sensitive two-site immunometric assay for TSH using monoclonal
      antibodies: investigation of factors affecting optimisation.
AB  - Twenty-three monoclonal antibodies specific for human thyrotropin (TSH) have been
      prepared and characterised. Four different epitopes have been identified, 3 of
      which are sufficiently distinct to allow simultaneous binding of the
      corresponding antibodies. Only 1 epitope is expressed on free TSH beta-subunit.
      The best antibodies have affinities for TSH approaching 10(11) M-1 and cross
      reactions with lutropin and chorionic gonadotropin of 0.2% or less. A 2-site
      immunoradiometric assay for TSH was established using 2 monoclonal antibodies,
      one of which was absorbed to plastic tubes and the other labelled with 125I.
      Several parameters affecting assay performance were investigated, including
      conditions for adsorption of antibodies to various plastics, selection of
      antibody combinations, concentration of labelled antibody and incubation
      protocol. The optimised assay covered a working range of 1-60 mU/1 (0.17-10
      ng/ml) TSH in a 4 h, single incubation protocol, with no significant interference
      from other glycoprotein hormones at their maximum physiological or pathological
      concentrations.

PMID- 6386990
TI  - A solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody in
      myasthenia gravis patients.
AB  - A solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for the measurement of anti-acetylcholine
      receptor antibodies in the sera of patients with myasthenia gravis is reported.
      Sufficient amounts of acetylcholine receptor for the sensitive detection of anti
      acetylcholine receptor antibody were directly fixed to Costar serocluster 96-well
      EIA plates coated with poly-L-lysine hydrobromide. The solid-phase enzyme
      immunoassay detected anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies in 91% of the
      myasthenia gravis patients including 4 out of 4 ocular type myasthenia patients,
      anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies of which were not detectable by the
      immunoprecipitation assay. Correlation between antibody titers measured by enzyme
      immunoassay and the immunoprecipitation assay was significant.

PMID- 6386991
TI  - A competitive solid-phase radioimmunoassay for translational factors employing
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies produced by the hybridoma techniques were purified by
      chromatography on DEAE Affi-Gel blue, and covalently coupled to Affi-Gel 10 to
      purify their antigens. The purified components were used to develop a sensitive
      competitive radioimmune assay for the quantitative determination of translational
      factors, as described here with a monoclonal antibody directed against yeast
      elongation factor 3. Antigen was adsorbed to polyvinyl chloride plastic surfaces
      and a limiting concentration of monoclonal antibody necessary to bind to the
      adsorbed antigen was determined. Varying concentrations of purified antigen and
      of samples containing unknown amounts of antigen were then mixed with the
      limiting concentration of monoclonal antibody, prior to or at the same time as
      the reaction of the antibody with the surface-adsorbed antigen. The amount of
      monoclonal antibody that bound to the surface-adsorbed antigen was determined
      with a second antibody, radioactive goat anti-mouse antibody. The addition of the
      free antigen preparations to the monoclonal antibody served to compete for the
      antibody with the antigen adsorbed to the plastic surfaces. The concentration of
      antigen in the unknown samples was estimated from the titration curves obtained
      with varying concentrations of pure antigen. This technique did not require
      isotopic labeling, modification or derivatization of the monoclonal antibody or
      its antigen.

PMID- 6386992
TI  - "In vitro" inhibition of 5 strains of cariogenic microorganisms.

PMID- 6386993
TI  - Expression of vitiligo antigen on a revertant line of hamster melanoma cells.
AB  - Our laboratory has recently reported that over 80% of patients with common
      vitiligo have circulating antibodies to cell-surface antigens on normal human
      melanocytes. The slow growth rate of these cells limits the assays that can be
      performed for antibody detection. We now have found that the antigens defined by
      vitiligo sera on melanocytes are also expressed on FF cells, a revertant line of
      hamster melanoma cells. These antigens can be detected both by indirect
      immunofluorescence and specific immunoprecipitation assays. The presence of
      "vitiligo" antigens on hamster FF cells will aid further study of the abnormal
      immune response in vitiligo.

PMID- 6386994
TI  - Incidence and cumulative frequency of endemic Lyme disease in a community.
AB  - We conducted an epidemiological study of the cumulative frequency and incidence
      of Lyme disease in a summer community on Fire Island, New York, an area endemic
      for the disease. Fifteen (7.5%) of 200 persons studied in the community in 1982
      reported a history of Lyme disease. An indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay
      showed that seventeen (9.7%) of 176 persons had serological evidence of exposure
      to the Lyme spirochete, including six of the 15 persons with a history of Lyme
      disease. Seven (0.7%-1.2%) of 600-1,000 persons in the community developed
      clinical symptoms and serological evidence of Lyme disease during the summer
      season, including two (1%) of the 200 persons in the study group. Four (3.1%) of
      129 persons who had sera collected before and after the summer season
      demonstrated fourfold or greater rises in IgG antibody titers to the Lyme
      spirochete, including 2 (1.6%) persons without symptoms of Lyme disease. We
      conclude that the incidence of Lyme disease can be appreciably higher in endemic
      areas than previously recognized and that subclinical or inapparent
      seroconversion may occur after infection.

PMID- 6386995
TI  - Interactions of phagocytes with the Lyme disease spirochete: role of the Fc
      receptor.
AB  - The phagocytic capacity of murine and human mononuclear and polymorphonuclear
      phagocytes (including peripheral blood monocytes and neutrophils), rabbit and
      murine peritoneal exudate cells, and the murine macrophage cell line P388D1
      against the Lyme disease spirochete was studied. All of these cells were capable
      of phagocytosing the spirochete; phagocytosis was measured by the uptake of
      radiolabeled spirochetes, the appearance of immunofluorescent bodies in
      phagocytic cells, and electron microscopy. Both opsonized and nonopsonized
      organisms were phagocytosed. The uptake of opsonized organisms by neutrophils was
      blocked by a monoclonal antibody specific for the Fc receptor and by immune
      complexes; these findings suggested that most phagocytosis is mediated by the Fc
      receptor. Similarly, the uptake of opsonized organisms by human monocytes was
      inhibited by human monomeric IgG1 and by immune complexes. These results
      illustrate the role of immune phagocytosis of spirochetes in host defense against
      Lyme disease.

PMID- 6386997
TI  - Effect of insulin treatment on the susceptibility of the diabetic rat to
      Escherichia coli-induced pyelonephritis.
AB  - Escherichia coli-induced pyelonephritis was studied in untreated alloxan-diabetic
      rats, insulin-treated diabetic rats, glucose water-drinking (diuresing)
      nondiabetic rats, and tap water-drinking (nondiuresing) nondiabetic rats
      following injection of E. coli either into the emptied urinary bladder, into the
      left kidney, or intravenously. For prevention of an ascending infection in the
      right kidney, the right ureter was ligated and transected immediately prior to
      bladder or intrarenal inoculation. These experiments established that in normal
      rats ascending renal infection alone occurred following introduction of small
      inocula into the bladder--and then only when facilitated by diuresis. In diabetic
      rats both ascending and hematogenous renal infection occurred following
      introduction of small inocula into the bladder. Insulin treatment that reduced
      hyperglycemia also reduced glycosuria and restored urinary antibacterial activity
      against small inocula of E. coli but only partially reduced polyuria and
      prevented hematogenous but not ascending infection. Thus, hyperglycemia was
      probably the major factor promoting hematogenous renal infection, whereas
      polyuria--and therefore vesicoureteral reflux--was the major factor promoting
      ascending infection.

PMID- 6386996
TI  - Study of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin in human epithelial cell
      culture.
AB  - Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin (TST) inhibited growth of normal human
      epithelial (Chang) cells in culture, increasing the generation time 28% and 64%
      at concentrations of 4 X 10(-7)M and 8 X 10(-7)M, respectively. Fluorescence and
      electron microscopy of the cells treated with TST revealed the location of TST in
      the coated pits, specialized areas of the cell membrane known to contain high
      affinity receptors for other polypeptide ligands. TST was labeled with 125I
      without detectable damage to the molecule and was shown to bind specifically to
      epithelial cells. A 100-fold excess of unlabeled TST inhibited binding of 125I
      labeled toxin to the cells. Binding data indicated 10(4) receptor sites per cell
      for TST and a dissociation constant of 4 X 10(-9)M. Specific high-affinity
      binding of 125I-labeled TST to epithelial cells and the location of receptor
      sites in coated pits implies a possibility that the toxin is internalized by
      receptor-mediated endocytosis.

PMID- 6386998
TI  - Streptococcus durans: an unexpected enteropathogen of foals.
AB  - Streptococcus durans was isolated from a foal with profuse watery diarrhea and
      caused a similar syndrome when inoculated into foals via the orogastric route.
      The most consistent and striking histological feature was the extensive
      colonization of the mucosal surface of the small intestine by S. durans.
      Associated mucosal changes were mild to modeate, and brush border lactase and
      alkaline phosphatase production were depressed. S. durans also induced acute
      diarrhea in young gnotobiotic piglets. Mucosal changes were mild and, as with
      foals, the mucosal surface of the small intestine was colonized by the organism.

PMID- 6386999
TI  - Correlation of subtypes of Legionella pneumophila defined by monoclonal
      antibodies with epidemiological classification of cases and environmental
      sources.
AB  - Twenty-five clinical isolates of Legionella pneumophila serogroup I were
      classified as epidemic or sporadic on epidemiological grounds. All were isolated
      from patients at the Medical Center Hospital of Vermont (MCHV) in Burlington
      between 1977 and 1983. These coded isolates were examined with a panel of eight
      monoclonal antibodies to serogroup 1 and an indirect microimmunofluorescent test.
      Strains from 14 of the 15 MCHV epidemic cases had one staining pattern (A);
      isolates from eight of nine MCHV sporadic (nosocomial) cases had a different
      pattern (B). One sporadic strain was of staining pattern A, and in one epidemic
      case an isolate of each pattern (A and B) was obtained. The only case that was
      clearly community-acquired displayed a third staining pattern (C). Four isolates
      from the cooling tower considered the most likely source for the epidemic strains
      had an antigenic reaction identical to isolates in epidemic cases, whereas three
      strains from the potable water system displayed an antigenic pattern identical to
      isolates in sporadic cases.

PMID- 6387000
TI  - Incidence of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant enterobacteriaceae among
      transplant recipients.
AB  - Of 114 recipients of pancreatic, renal, and bone marrow transplants who were
      given trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) for antimicrobial prophylaxis, 44
      (39%) had a total of 52 fecal isolates of TMP-SMZ-resistant gram-negative
      bacilli. In most of these 44 patients, the resistant isolate was found at a
      concentration of greater than or equal to 10(6) organisms/ml of feces.
      Escherichia coli was the most frequent of the isolates, and Citrobacter freundii
      was the next most frequent. Eight of the 114 transplant recipients had gram
      negative bacteremia; in six of these eight patients, a TMP-SMZ-resistant gram
      negative bacillus was the etiologic agent of bacteremia. Four of the latter six
      patients had stool cultures analyzed prior to the detection of bacteremia; all
      four had high concentrations (greater than or equal to 10(8)/ml) of fecal TMP-SMZ
      resistant E. coli one to 20 days before they were found to have E. coli
      bacteremia. In each of these instances, the E. coli isolates from the stool and
      the blood had similar antibiograms. These findings indicated that resistance to
      TMP-SMZ is becoming more prevalent and that the screening of patients for the
      presence of fecal TMP-SMZ-resistant Enterobacteriaceae prior to initiation of
      long-term therapy with this antimicrobial agent may be worthwhile.

PMID- 6387002
TI  - Effectiveness of adenine arabinoside therapy for herpes simplex infection.

PMID- 6387001
TI  - In vivo bronchoalveolar macrophage defense against Rhizopus oryzae and
      Aspergillus fumigatus.
AB  - The ability of bronchoalveolar macrophages from normal, diabetic, and cortisone
      treated mice to inhibit spore germination and kill fungal spores in vivo was
      investigated. The data indicated that the normal host controls different fungal
      infections in the lungs by different mechanisms. Prevention of mucormycosis
      required inhibition of fungal spore germination by alveolar macrophages. In
      contrast, pulmonary defense against aspergillosis depended on early killing of
      conidia by alveolar macrophages and not on inhibition of germination by
      bronchoalveolar macrophages. Bronchoalveolar macrophages in diabetic and
      cortisone-treated animals allowed fungal spore germination, thereby permitting
      infection by Rhizopus oryzae. In the cortisone-treated mouse, bronchoalveolar
      macrophages did not kill fungal conidia and progressive infection by Aspergillus
      fumigatus occurred. Fungicidal activity of bronchoalveolar macrophages was
      measured with a new in vivo killing assay.

PMID- 6387003
TI  - Comparison of biochemical characterisation of ICRC bacilli with M. leprae: effect
      of substrate alteration in the medium.
AB  - ICRC-bacilli strain C-44 when grown in Dubos medium of its equivalent, express M.
      avium taxonomic biochemical characters. Assuming that difference in characters of
      M. leprae and ICRC bacilli, could be due to 'in vivo' and 'in vitro' milieu, we
      altered the substrates in the medium. The bacilli grow well in the new medium
      containing selenium, ferric nitrate, magnesium chloride and deleting Tween 80.
      The ICRC strain C-44 grown in new medium expressed characters: 9/10 similarity
      with M. leprae. The 10 day tween hydrolysis reaction in weak but positive. It is
      probable that 'M. leprae culture isolate', may have acquired 'in vitro' growth
      potential by recombination with M. avium, an ubiquitous mycobacterium. The M.
      leprae culture isolate thus may express some characters of both M. leprae and M.
      avium.

PMID- 6387005
TI  - Dr. C.G.S. Iyer, M.D., F.C.P.S., M.R.C. Path. (Lond). (7-10-1921 to 27-1-1984).

PMID- 6387004
TI  - Antigeneic cross-reactivity between ICRC-bacilli and M. leprae--"in vitro"
      evaluation.
AB  - Leucocyte migration inhibition, in presence of specific particulate antigen, is a
      good correlate of CMI. It can detect small differences in related antigens. In
      the present study, LMI was used to study the cross-reactivity between ICRC
      bacilli and M. leprae and also to examine the antigenic relationship amongst
      different ICRC isolates. The study showed a close antigenic cross-reactivity in
      lepromin and ICRC-in. LMI has brought out strain differences in two ICRC culture
      isolates, C-44 and C-75. The data appear to elucidate the possible strain
      specific antigenic relationship of M. leprae with its culture isolate e.g. ICRC
      strains. This may have important bearing on the development effective antileprosy
      vaccine for human use.

PMID- 6387006
TI  - [Simultaneous surgery for 5-month-old infant with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
      and Ebstein's anomaly].

PMID- 6387007
TI  - [Clinical diagnosis of malignant soft tissue tumors].

PMID- 6387008
TI  - [Diagnosis of biliary diseases].

PMID- 6387009
TI  - [Progress in the study of liver disease and immune abnormalities. a. Viral
      hepatitis].

PMID- 6387010
TI  - [Imaging diagnosis of liver diseases].

PMID- 6387011
TI  - [Stimulation of hepatic regeneration].

PMID- 6387012
TI  - Necrotizing vascular lesions in spontaneously hypertensive rats with nephrotic
      syndrome: hypercoagulability as a contributory factor.
AB  - Heymann nephritis was induced in rats with spontaneous hypertension (group HN),
      and renal lesions were investigated at the twentieth and thirty-sixth week. An
      identical group given antihypertensive drugs (group HN-AH), an identical group
      given anticoagulant drugs (group HN-AC), and a nonimmunized control group of
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (controls) were also examined. Massive
      proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia were present in groups with
      induced Heymann nephritis (HN, HN-AH, and HN-AC). Coagulation studies
      demonstrated a shortening of prothrombin time, an increase in serum fibrinogen
      and thrombocytes, and a reduction of antithrombin III in the groups HN and HN-AH.
      Necrotizing lesions were observed only in group HN and without further elevation
      in blood pressure. Intravascular thrombosis was prominent at the twentieth week,
      and marked fibrinoid necrosis appeared at the thirty-sixth week. These vascular
      lesions were not observed in the HN-AH, HN-AC, and control groups. Thus, a state
      of hypercoagulability in addition to high blood pressure probably contributes to
      the genesis of necrotizing vascular lesions in spontaneously hypertensive rats
      with nephritis.

PMID- 6387013
TI  - Adrenaline and adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation require shape
      change. Importance of pseudopods.
AB  - The requirement of platelet shape change for early platelet aggregation measured
      from the disappearance of singlet platelets is compared for ADP and adrenaline.
      Platelet shape change is measured from pseudopod formation or from a change in
      main body volume or axial ratio. In the absence of shape change, platelets have a
      smooth discoid form and are referred to as discocytes. Citrated platelet-rich
      plasma prepared at 37 degrees C contains approximately 65% discocytes and
      approximately 35% discoid platelets, which possess pseudopods. The addition of
      ADP causes all platelets to change shape (pseudopods axial ratio and body volume)
      and 80% to 90% platelet aggregation. On the other hand, adrenaline causes only an
      approximately 15% increase in shape-changed platelets (pseudopods only) and
      approximately 33% platelet aggregation, in the presence of apyrase to minimize
      the effects of released ADP. Measurements of the shape of the nonaggregated
      platelets in the presence and absence of ongoing platelet aggregation induced by
      either ADP or adrenaline indicate that discocytes are not recruited into
      aggregates. For both ADP and adrenaline, the extent of platelet aggregation
      exceeds the extent of platelet shape change as measured from the disappearance of
      discocytes. However, in both cases, platelet aggregation does not exceed the
      total number of shape-changed platelets (i.e., pseudopods plus newly shape
      changed discocytes), indicating that the pseudopods are also participating in
      platelet aggregation. Our results suggest that pseudopod formation is a common
      requirement for ADP- and adrenaline-induced platelet aggregation and is of
      greater importance than either changes in main body volume or axial ratio.

PMID- 6387014
TI  - Is there a "gold standard" for human serum vitamin B12 assay?
AB  - In a study from four laboratories using two commercial vitamin B12 radioassays
      (impure hog intrinsic factor concentrate containing both intrinsic factor and R
      binders (IF + R) to measure total corrinoids and the same concentrate
      presaturated with cobinamide (Cbi) to block B12 binding sites on R binder (IF + R
      + Cbi) to measure only cobalamins), the rank order of results was generally the
      same. The concordance between the two tests for classifying sera as normal or
      deficient was 91% in 311 serum samples. Three percent of sera below the "true
      B12" (B12 binding to IF + R + Cbi) normal cut-off point were not below the cut
      off point for normal "total B12" (B12 binding to IF + R); 6% of sera below the
      total B12 normal cut-off point were not below true B12 cut-off point. The
      correlations between Euglena gracilis and the radioassays were 0.80 and 0.83 in
      the 50 serum samples that also had E. gracilis serum vitamin B12 levels.
      Lactobacillus leichmannii serum vitamin B12 levels were determined in 49 of the
      311 serum samples and results were comparable with results obtained by four
      radioassay binder systems: IF + R, IF + R + Cbi, highly purified hog IF, and
      saliva R binder. The closest correlate with L. leichmannii was radioassay using
      IF + R as binder (r = 0.93), then IF + R + Cbi (r = 0.92), pure IF (r = 0.80),
      and pure R (r = 0.73). The key to reliable results appears not to reside in a
      particular assay but rather in determining for each assay its own range of
      results in participants determined clinically and morphologically normal vs.
      participants with deficient vitamin B12 (with B12 deficiency defined
      independently of a serum B12 assay). When laboratory assay results differ from
      clinical judgment, further evaluation is the appropriate course. There is no
      "gold standard" for human serum vitamin B12 assay.

PMID- 6387016
TI  - The treatment of tinnitus--a historical perspective.

PMID- 6387015
TI  - Fibrinogen degradation by hementin, a fibrinogenolytic anticoagulant from the
      salivary glands of the leech Haementeria ghilianii.
AB  - The leech Haementeria ghilianii contains the anticoagulant hementin in its
      salivary glands, which renders ingested blood incoagulable. The loss of thrombin
      coagulability of human fibrinogen, plasma, and blood was dependent on both dose
      and time, and it was attributable to direct proteolytic degradation of fibrinogen
      (Mr 340,000) by hementin. Using purified fibrinogen as the substrate, it was
      demonstrated that the enzyme cleaved with equal probability either through all
      three chains in the connector region between the D and E structural domains or in
      the COOH-terminal of the A alpha chain. The degradation pattern of fibrinogen in
      blood and purified counterpart was the same in respect to the types of
      degradation products formed and the rate of proteolysis. Three pairs of
      fibrinogen degradation products characterized by Mr were distinguished: 320,000
      and 300,000, 225,000 and 200,000, 157,000 and 132,000. In each pair, the heavier
      product had the intact COOH-terminals of the A alpha, B beta, and gamma chains.
      Of special interest was the derivative of Mr 225,000 because it contained the
      intact A alpha, B beta, and gamma chains of the original fibrinogen. Hementin
      cleaved non-cross-linked and cross-linked fibrin clots; however, the rate of
      proteolysis was much slower than that of fibrinogen. Individual carboxymethylated
      chains of fibrinogen were not degraded by the enzyme. Hementin abolished
      coagulability of fibrinogen by a limited proteolysis that disassembled
      functionally bivalent polymerization sites. In addition, fibrin clot formation
      was inhibited by fibrinogen fragments generated by hementin. The enzyme appeared
      to have a unique and limited specificity for a few peptide bonds projected in the
      tertiary structure of the native fibrinogen molecule.

PMID- 6387017
TI  - Secondary haemorrhage following tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy.
AB  - A series of 24 cases of secondary haemorrhage following
      tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy was investigated for bacterial causes of bleeding.
      Streptococcus pyogenes was isolated in one, streptococcus haemolyticus in
      another, the remainder being non-pathogens.

PMID- 6387018
TI  - A controlled trial of acupuncture in tinnitus.
AB  - The relationship of tinnitus to pain is examined and a theoretical case made out
      for the possible use of acupuncture in the treatment of tinnitus. A double-blind
      cross-over controlled trial is described. The use of Visual Analogue Scales
      (V.A.S.) is discussed in this context. 35 per cent of patients described some
      benefit from the active treatment only, although we were unable to demonstrate
      this objectively. Statistical analysis of the group as a whole revealed no
      significant differences between placebo and active acupuncture treatment.

PMID- 6387019
TI  - Deficient Kupffer cell phagocytosis and lysosomal enzymes in the endotoxin-low
      responsive C3H/HeJ mouse.
AB  - Various substances, including lysosomal enzymes, are produced by Kupffer cells
      and other macrophages; their release has been implicated in the toxic response to
      endotoxins. C3H/HeJ mice exhibit little or no response to doses of endotoxin that
      are lethal in syngeneic C3HeB/FeJ mice. To explore the nature of this deficient
      response, the Kupffer cells of these mice were studied using in vivo microscopic
      as well as histochemical and electron microscopical methods. In vivo, the rate of
      phagocytosis of single 0.8 micron latex particles was measured in individual
      Kupffer cells as was the number of phagocytic cells per microscopic field. Frozen
      sections of livers were stained for a variety of lysosomal enzymes and liver
      specimens also were processed for electron microscopy. In comparison to the
      endotoxin-sensitive C3HeB/FeJ mice, the livers of the C3H/HeJ mice contained 60%
      fewer Kupffer cells that phagocytosed latex. However, the rate of phagocytosis by
      these cells was not statistically different and ranged from 19-26 sec. The volume
      density of acid-phosphatase-positive Kupffer cells was 40% less in the C3H/HeJ
      mice. Similar differences were observed with other lysosomal enzymes including
      cathepsins B and H and dipeptidyl peptidases I and II. However, light and
      electron microscopy revealed a relatively normal number of Kupffer cells in
      livers stained for peroxidase, a nonlysosomal enzyme. The results suggest that
      the insensitivity of C3H/HeJ mice to endotoxin may be related in part to a
      lysosomal enzyme deficiency and a paucity of phagocytic Kupffer cells in these
      animals.

PMID- 6387020
TI  - Effect of lidocaine on production of migration inhibitory factor and on
      macrophage motility: in vitro exposure of guinea pig lymphocytes and macrophages.
AB  - Exposure of lymphocytes from guinea pigs sensitized to keyhole limpet hemocyanin
      and of macrophages from nonsensitized animals to noncytotoxic doses of lidocaine
      (10(-4) to 10(-6) M) resulted in the inhibition of the production of macrophage
      migration inhibitory factor and of macrophage motility. The inhibition of both
      processes was related to the concentration of lidocaine in the medium. The
      effects of lidocaine, a membrane-stabilizing drug, were apparently related to its
      ability to interact with the cell surface and cause changes in the surface ionic
      configuration of the cells, as determined by cell electrophoresis. The drug
      conferred permanent changes in the surface of lymphocytes at all concentrations
      tested, but the changes in the surface of macrophages induced in the presence of
      10(-5) and 10(-6) M of the drug were reversible. The presence of noncytotoxic
      doses of lidocaine in the cellular environment resulted in significant changes in
      cellular functions that appeared to be related to the ability of the drug to
      interact with cell membranes in a manner determined by the specific surface
      properties of the cell.

PMID- 6387022
TI  - The experience of illness: integrating metaphors and the transcendence of
      illness.

PMID- 6387023
TI  - A commentary on 'two pathographies: a study in illness and literature'.

PMID- 6387024
TI  - Ultrastructural and microanalytical studies on alveolar foreign bodies in stray
      dogs of the snowy districts of Japan with special reference to air pollution
      caused by studded tires of automobiles.

PMID- 6387025
TI  - Simultaneous identification of two different neuropeptides using a combined PAP
      and protein A-gold technique in the rat neurohypophysis.

PMID- 6387026
TI  - Circadian rhythms of lipogenic and hypoglycaemic responses to insulin in the
      golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus).
AB  - Lipogenesis and blood glucose concentrations were determined at 4-hourly
      intervals in control and insulin-treated golden hamsters maintained on 14-h daily
      photoperiods (08.00-22.00 h). Lipogenesis was studied by measuring the
      incorporation of label into liver and fat pad lipids in animals killed 30 min
      after i.p. [3H]acetate injection and 2 h after insulin or saline (control)
      injections. Circadian rhythms of lipogenesis and plasma glucose concentration
      were present in both control and insulin-treated hamsters. In control animals
      most lipogenic activity occurred during the dark period and early during the
      daily photoperiod (14 h light: 10 h darkness). There were dramatic differences in
      the lipogenic (fat pad) and hypoglycaemic responses to insulin which varied as a
      function of the time of day at which insulin was injected. Insulin stimulated
      fivefold increases in lipid deposition (fat pad incorporation) when injected late
      during the dark period but had little or no effect 4-8 h after the onset of
      light. Daily injections for 8 days also produced variable cumulative effects on
      body fat stores as a function of the time of day. Insulin injected late during
      the dark period stimulated a 40% increase in abdominal fat weight over controls,
      whereas insulin injected at 4 and 12 h after the onset of light had no effect on
      abdominal fat weight. Insulin decreased plasma glucose concentrations markedly at
      8 and 20-24 h after the onset of light but had no apparent hypoglycaemic activity
      (120 min after its injection) at 4 h after the onset of light.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6387027
TI  - Pulpal response to root planing in a rat model.

PMID- 6387028
TI  - Linear and volumetric analysis of apical leakage in teeth prepared for posts.

PMID- 6387029
TI  - Long-acting local anesthetics: a comparison of bupivacaine and etidocaine in
      endodontics.

PMID- 6387030
TI  - The distribution of endocrine cell progenitors in the gut of chick embryos.
AB  - The aim of this experiment was to find out whether or not, at early stages of
      development, progenitors of the various types of gut endocrine cells are
      localized to one or more specific regions of the gastrointestinal tract.
      Transverse strips of blastoderm two to four somites in length were excised
      between the levels of somites 5 and 27 in chick embryos at 5- to 24-somite stages
      and were cultured as chorioallantoic grafts. The distribution of endocrine cells
      in the grafts revealed confined localization of progenitor cells only in the case
      of insulin-immunoreactive cells. The progenitors of cells with somatostatin-,
      pancreatic polypeptide-, glucagon-, secretin-, gastrin/CCK-, motilin-,
      neurotensin- and serotonin-like immunoreactivity were distributed along the
      length of the presumptive gut at the time of explantation; indeed, in many cases
      they were more widespread than are their differentiated progeny in normal gut of
      the same age. This finding indicates that conditions in grafts must differ from
      those that operate in the intact embryo. Also it may explain the occurrence of
      ectopic gut or pancreatic endocrine cells in tumours of the digestive tract.

PMID- 6387031
TI  - Intestinal cytodifferentiation in vitro of chick stomach endoderm induced by the
      duodenal mesenchyme.
AB  - The inductive action of duodenal mesenchyme on the cytodifferentiation of stomach
      endoderm in chick embryos was investigated in vitro with electron microscopy and
      immunofluorescence. Morphologically undifferentiated endoderm of the stomach of a
      4-day embryo could differentiate only into a mucous secretory epithelium when
      cultured in the absence of mesenchyme. However, when cultivated in recombination
      with 6-day duodenal mesenchyme, most cells of 4-day stomach endoderm
      differentiated into intestinal absorptive cells possessing striated border and
      sucrase, and goblet cells, but not into stomach-type mucous secretory cells. In
      contrast, when 4-day stomach endoderm was cultured recombined with mesenchyme of
      embryonic digestive organs other than intestine, none of the stomach endoderm
      cells differentiated into intestinal epithelial cells. The competence of stomach
      endoderm for intestinal cytodifferentiation decreased rapidly with development,
      but remained until relatively later stages in the gizzard region. The present
      investigation demonstrates that duodenal mesenchyme can induce stomach endoderm,
      which has acquired the potency for self-differentiation into stomach-type
      epithelium, to cytodifferentiate into intestinal epithelium.

PMID- 6387032
TI  - The distribution of cytoplasmic actin in mouse 8-cell blastomeres.
AB  - Three non-homogeneous patterns of cytoplasmic actin distribution have been
      demonstrated in pairs of 8-cell blastomeres. Newly formed blastomeres showed an
      actin distribution associated with the remnant of the previous mitotic spindle.
      Subsequently blastomeres showed a zonal clearing of actin from regions of
      intercellular contact, the extent of the clearing increasing with the extent of
      contact. A polarized distribution of actin was evident from the early to mid 8
      cell stage and coincided with the movement of nuclei towards the point of
      intercellular contact. The detection of polar actin preceded by 2-4 h the
      detection of a surface polarity as assessed by the FITC-Con A binding pattern and
      the distribution of cortical microvillous actin. However, once a surface pole of
      microvilli had formed, it persisted under conditions which led to loss of polar
      cytoplasmic actin. Incubation in cytochalasin D (CCD) resulted in a dispersed
      homogeneous pattern of actin distribution but did not prevent the formation of
      surface poles as assessed both by the Con A binding pattern and detection of
      polar microvilli. However, the poles formed were less clearly defined and the
      density and length of microvilli within them was variable. Moreover, when CCD was
      added early during the 8-cell stage the position of the poles was frequently not
      on an axis perpendicular to the point of intercellular contact. Cytochalasin D
      also affected the movement of the nucleus that occurs during the process of
      polarization. On the basis of these experiments, we conclude that actin is likely
      to be involved in the events of polarization, but that its precise role remains
      to be determined.

PMID- 6387033
TI  - Treatment of experimental erosive arthritis in rats by injection of the muralytic
      enzyme mutanolysin.
AB  - A single intravenous injection into rats of 0.4 mg of the muralytic enzyme
      mutanolysin, given as long as 3 d after an arthropathic dose of peptidoglycan
      polysaccharide polymers derived from group A streptococci (PG-APS), resulted in a
      complete resolution of acute arthritis and the prevention of chronic joint
      disease. When administration of mutanolysin was delayed until 14 d after the
      injection of PG-APS, a great reduction in the severity of chronic inflammation
      was still observed. Quantitation of the amount of PG-APS present in the limbs,
      spleen, and liver by a solid phase enzyme-linked immunoassay indicated that the
      tissues of mutanolysin-treated rats contained as much PG-APS as tissues of PBS
      treated control rats. In addition, rats treated with mutanolysin immediately
      after receiving an intraperitoneal injection of PG-APS developed a transient limb
      edema similar to that seen in rats after the injection of PG-APS digested to a
      small fragment size in vitro with mutanolysin. We hypothesize that mutanolysin
      acts in vivo by degrading PG-APS to small fragments that persist but are no
      longer arthropathic.

PMID- 6387034
TI  - A surface receptor specific for human IgA on group B streptococci possessing the
      Ibc protein antigen.
AB  - A number of group B streptococcal strains of various serotypes, Ia, Ib, Ic, II,
      and III were examined for their ability to bind human IgG and IgA. No strains of
      group B streptococci were found to bind IgG, but many strains possessing the Ibc
      protein antigen(s) were found to bind a significant amount of IgA. The extent of
      IgA binding correlated with the amount of a 130,000 mol wt, detergent-extractable
      protein, and reactivity with the Ic typing sera. Using nitrocellulose blots, it
      was found that the 130,000 mol wt protein bound human IgA. A method was developed
      to purify the protein while retaining its ability to bind human IgA. Using solid
      phase radioimmunoassays, it was determined that the protein bound to the Fc
      region of monomeric or polymeric IgA and that it failed to bind IgM or any IgG
      isotype.

PMID- 6387035
TI  - Identification of protein antigens of group B streptococci, with special
      reference to the Ibc antigens.
AB  - The protein antigens of prototypes of five types of group B streptococcal strains
      were extracted with HCl or Triton X-100, separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide electrophoresis, transferred to nitrocellulose, and examined by
      immunochemical staining. The Ibc proteins are shown to consist of at least two
      distinct protein antigens and their breakdown products. One antigen, the "beta"
      antigen, exists primarily as a 130,000 mol wt protein that is also able to bind
      human IgA. The "alpha" antigen, which has no known function, appears as a number
      of proteins of various molecular weights from 20,000 to 120,000. Another set of
      antigens, the R protein antigens of type III strains, has been identified as a
      group of acid-labile proteins varying in molecular weight from 100,000 to
      130,000. In addition, two previously undescribed antigens have been found that
      are common to all five group B types.

PMID- 6387036
TI  - Effect of class II antigen matching on renal allograft survival in miniature
      swine.
AB  - The benefit of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen matching
      to renal allograft survival, in the absence of immunosuppression, has been
      studied in partially inbred miniature swine. Permanent (greater than 6 mo) renal
      allograft survival was found in 30% of recipients of either class II only or
      fully matched grafts. Analysis of the survival of the class II-only matched
      grafts by specific recipient/donor haplotype combinations indicated that survival
      was regulated by at least three genetic factors, including antigen gene dose, a
      class I MHC allele-dependent effect, and non-MHC-linked immune response
      phenomenon. Animals accepting class II-matched kidneys developed spontaneous
      tolerance to the graft, despite mounting an initial immune response marked by
      renal damage and the development of serum cytotoxic antibodies directed at the
      donor MHC antigens. The antibodies were only of the IgM class, suggesting that
      conversion of the humoral response to IgG was blocked. After acceptance of the
      kidney, three out of five animals showed specific prolongation of donor skin
      grafts. At the time of rejection of these skin grafts, no decrease in renal
      function nor reappearance of anti-donor antibodies was observed.

PMID- 6387038
TI  - Determination of oestradiol-17 beta in human serum by isotope dilution-mass
      spectrometry. Definitive methods in clinical chemistry, II.
AB  - A definitive method is described for the measurement of oestradiol-17 beta in
      human serum. The method is based on the principle of isotope dilution-mass
      spectrometry. The analytical procedure consists of the following steps: addition
      of [4-14 C]oestradiol-17 beta to the plasma sample; extraction of the 14C
      labelled and the non-labelled oestradiol-17 beta with dichloromethane;
      purification of the oestradiol-17 beta fraction by column chromatography on
      Sephadex LH-20; formation of the 3,17 beta-diheptafluorobutyric ester of
      oestradiol-17 beta; selected ion monitoring at m/z-values 664 and 666 by gas
      liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The accuracy of the method is based on
      the high specificity of mass spectrometry and on the exact control of recovery
      employing the principle of isotope dilution. Coefficients of variation from day
      to day varied between 1.0% and 2.5% in the range of 0.319 to 3.53 nmol/l. The
      lower limit of detection (ratio of signal to noise 3:1) is 5 pg oestradiol-17
      beta per sample.

PMID- 6387037
TI  - [Walter Siegried Loewe (1884-1963). His contribution to the analysis, biology and
      pharmacology of sex hormones].
AB  - Walter Siegfried Loewe was born on August 19, 1884, in Furth, Bavaria. The
      centenary of his birth should be of interest to pharmacologists, endocrinologists
      and clinical chemists, alike. In this short review an attempt has been made to
      describe the contributions of Loewe and his coworkers to the biochemistry and
      analysis of the sex hormones. Loewe began his research on dose effect-response of
      ovarian extracts at the University of Dorpat, Estonia. By quantification of the
      Allen-Doisy-test, Loewe was the first to succeed in measuring oestrogens in human
      blood and urine. Further scientific research was focussed on the content and the
      local effects of oestrogens within the placenta. In the same time, Loewe and his
      coworker Voss developed the first, specific bioassay for the male hormone. It was
      based on the histological repair of the epithelium of the seminal vesicles in
      castrated mice, brought about by the injection of testicle extracts. With the aid
      of this so-called "cytological regeneration test" Loewe was able to isolate and
      characterize androgens from different biological sources. The male hormone was
      called "androkinin", and in 1928 Loewe reported the occurrence of androkinin in
      human male urine and its separation from oestrogens in the same material. On the
      basis of the early mitogenic effect of androgens the bioassay of Loewe & Voss was
      further improved, serving as a fundamental prerequisite for the isolation and
      chemical charcterization of the androgens in the early thirties. Loewe who had
      held the chair of pharmacology at Dorpat since 1921, came to Mannheim in 1928 as
      head of the Main Laboratory of the Municipal Hospital. In 1933 he was forced to
      emigrate, went first to Cornell-University, New York and later to the Department
      of Pharmacology at the University of Utah. In 1948 he became an honorary member
      of the German Pharmacological Society and in 1960 of the German Society of
      Endocrinology. Three years later, on August 24, 1963 at Salt Lake City, Loewe
      died at the age of 79 years.

PMID- 6387039
TI  - Natural history of intestinal parasites in asymptomatic adults.
AB  - The need to treat asymptomatic adults who have intestinal parasites should be
      based on considerations of potential pathogenicity and transmission risk, but
      such data are sparse in general and unavailable for countries such as the United
      States, where reinfection is rare. Opinions of North American physicians about
      the natural history and treatment of 12 parasites detectable by stool examination
      were assessed using the Delphi technique. In response to the first questionnaire,
      majority agreement on pathogenic potential was achieved for only 3 of 12
      parasites. When the more expert group was queried a second time, majority
      agreement was achieved for 8 of 12 parasites. Nevertheless, the predicted risk of
      subsequent disease still varied widely, from 1:10 to 1:1,000 for most parasites,
      and was unrelated to the perceived need for treatment. Almost all respondents
      thought asymptomatic adults with any intestinal parasites should always be
      treated. Transmission risk was judged to be low and was generally appropriate to
      the life cycle of the parasite.

PMID- 6387040
TI  - The syndrome of hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism.

PMID- 6387041
TI  - Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to several frog rod
      outer segment proteins.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies to proteins important in phototransduction in the frog rod
      outer segment have been obtained. These include 6 different antibodies to
      rhodopsin, 50 to a guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein; 40,000
      daltons), and 2 to cytoplasmic proteins. The antigens used were Percoll-purified
      rod outer segments, a rod outer segment soluble protein fraction, or a soluble
      plus peripheral membrane protein fraction. Antibodies were assayed by solid phase
      assay using a fluorogenic detection system. Proteins to which antibodies bound
      were assayed on Western blots, and the sensitivities of three different detection
      systems were compared. Most antibodies bound to only one rod outer segment
      protein band on Western blots. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated binding
      of both anti-rhodopsin and anti-G-protein to isolated frog rod outer segments.
      Antibodies were purified from either culture supernatants or ascites fluid on
      protein A affinity columns. Two purified anti-G-protein antibodies have binding
      affinities to 125I-labeled G-protein of less than 10(-6) M-1. Of 11 antibodies to
      frog or bovine G-protein tested in solid phase and Western blot assays, all bind
      to the alpha rather than the beta or gamma subunits. Procedures developed here
      are being used in preparing other antibodies that affect reactions in the
      phototransduction pathway.

PMID- 6387043
TI  - [The impact of genetic counseling on the fertility of couples].
AB  - The authors from two independent patterns, genetic counselling on the one hand,
      familial study on the other hand show that the procreation rate of parents with
      affected children with spina bifida, digestive malformations and autosomal
      recessive diseases depend especially on the motherhood eagerness, on the mothers'
      age, on the family composition and on the possibilities of prenatal diagnosis
      effort to severely suffered parents before.

PMID- 6387044
TI  - Duchenne's muscular dystrophy: carrier detection by imaging technics.
AB  - The partial muscular dystrophic process in carrier women for X-linked muscular
      dystrophy, which results in an increased fatty and connective tissue infiltration
      of thigh and calf muscles, can be shown by ultrasound and X-ray CT. These
      technics are of special value in older women, where CK levels have normalized.
      Age dependencies and the consequences for genetic counseling will be discussed.

PMID- 6387042
TI  - Polypeptide specificity of the early antibody response following primary and
      recurrent genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infections.
AB  - Relative IgG titres to specific viral proteins in acute and convalescent sera
      from patients with primary and recurrent genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV
      2) infections were determined using an immunoblot assay. Patients with recurrent
      genital infections generally had high titres of antibody reactive with two of the
      three major viral glycoproteins (gD and gG) as well as with several viral capsid
      proteins in both acute and convalescent sera. In contrast, patients experiencing
      primary genital HSV-2 infections exhibited marked differences in the polypeptide
      reactivity profiles of acute and convalescent sera. Of particular interest was
      the observation that the earliest and strongest antibody response was directed
      not against the viral glycoproteins but rather to an internal capsid protein(s)
      of HSV-2.

PMID- 6387045
TI  - 2,2-dipyridyl binding to metal substituted horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase.
AB  - The binding of 2,2-dipyridyl to metal substituted horse liver alcohol
      dehydrogenase was measured by spectrophotometric titrations. Large changes in the
      visible absorption spectra were seen for the Co2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ hybrids upon
      coordination of 2,2-dipyridyl, due to a change in coordination number. The
      formation constants for binding to the Co2+ and Cd2+ hybrids are of the order
      10(6) M-1, which means that these hybrids have a 500-fold higher affinity for 2,2
      dipyridyl than the native Zn2+ enzyme. 2,2-dipyridyl has a 100-fold higher
      affinity for enzyme bound Cd2+ than for aqueous Cd2+ ions, while for Cu2+ and
      Zn2+ the opposite is the case. None of the substituted metal ions were removed
      from the active site during titration with the chelator 2,2-dipyridyl.

PMID- 6387046
TI  - Glycoproteins of the chromaffin granule membrane: separation by two-dimensional
      electrophoresis and identification by lectin binding.
AB  - The proteins of highly purified chromaffin-granule membranes were separated by
      one- or two-dimensional electrophoresis, then transferred to nitrocellulose
      sheets; glycosylation was investigated by binding of several different
      radioiodinated lectins. Over 20 different glycosylated components were
      identified; comparison with mitochondrial and microsomal fractions suggested that
      most of the major glycoproteins are genuine components of the chromaffin granule
      membrane, rather than contaminants originating in other organelles. Two
      dimensional electrophoresis revealed heterogeneity within several of the
      glycoproteins, and this is ascribed to differences in the state of glycosylation,
      on the basis of shifts in electrophoretic mobility produced by treatment with
      neuraminidase. Neuraminidase treatment of chromaffin granule membranes also
      enhances the binding of many lectins. The identities of the lectin-binding bands
      are discussed: neither cytochrome b561 nor the F1-like ATPase appears to be
      glycosylated. Chromogranin A, although a glycoprotein, does not bind any of the
      lectins tested, but a number of concanavalin-A binding proteins, as well as
      dopamine beta-hydroxylase, are present in the chromaffin granule lysate.

PMID- 6387047
TI  - Inactivation of neurotensin by rat brain synaptic membranes. Cleavage at the
      Pro10-Tyr11 bond by endopeptidase 24.11 (enkephalinase) and a peptidase different
      from proline-endopeptidase.
AB  - It was shown previously that the tridecapeptide neurotensin is inactivated by rat
      brain synaptic membranes and that one of the primary inactivating cleavages
      occurs at the Pro10-Try11 peptide bond, leading to the formation of NT1-10 and
      NT11-13. The present study was designed to investigate the possibility that this
      cleavage was catalyzed by proline endopeptidase and/or endopeptidase 24.11
      (enkephalinase). Purified rat brain synaptic membranes were found to contain a N
      benzyloxycarbonyl-Gly-Pro-4-methyl-coumarinyl-7-amide-hydrolyzin g activity that
      was markedly inhibited (93%) by the proline endopeptidase inhibitor N
      benzyloxycarbonyl-Pro-Prolinal and partially blocked (25%) by an antiproline
      endopeptidase antiserum. In contrast, the cleavage of neurotensin at the Pro10
      Tyr11 bond by synaptic membranes was not affected by N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Pro
      Prolinal and the antiserum. When the conversion of NT1-10 to NT1-8 by angiotensin
      converting enzyme was blocked by captopril and when the processing of NT11-13 by
      aminopeptidase(s) was inhibited by bestatin, it was found that thiorphan, a
      potent endopeptidase 24.11 inhibitor, partially decreased the formation of NT1-10
      and NT11-13 by synaptic membranes. IN CONCLUSION: (1) proline endopeptidase,
      although it is present in synaptic membranes, is not involved in the cleavage of
      neurotensin at the Pro10-Tyr11 bond; (2) endopeptidase 24.11 only partially
      contributes to this cleavage; (3) there exists in rat brain synaptic membranes a
      peptidase different from proline endopeptidase and endopeptidase 24.11 that is
      mainly responsible for inactivating neurotensin by cleaving at the Pro10-Tyr11
      bond.

PMID- 6387049
TI  - Changes in the expression of a neuronal surface protein during development of
      cerebellar neurones in vivo and in culture.
AB  - The expression of the neurone-specific D2 protein changes both quantitatively and
      qualitatively during development in vivo and in cultures of cerebellar nerve
      cells. The total D2 content per unit protein shows a two-fold increase in vivo
      from birth to postnatal day 6, after which it declines progressively to about 50%
      of the maximal value. This increase can be accounted for by an immature form of
      the protein anodic D2 being preferentially expressed at the early stages of
      cerebellar development. After postnatal day 9 this form gradually switches to a
      mature form cathodic D2. This switch can be mimicked by neuraminidase treatment,
      suggesting a developmental loss of sialic acid from the D2 protein. In freshly
      isolated cells the total D2 content per unit protein is only 30% of that in the
      corresponding intact tissue from 8-day-old cerebella, but it increases rapidly
      during the first 8 days of culture to levels similar to those of the equivalent
      age in vivo. The switch from anodic D2 to cathodic D2 also occurs at a faster
      rate in culture, probably reflecting the culture conditions that favour
      differentiation. The changes in the expression of D2 during development of
      cerebellar nerve cells in culture suggest that anodic D2 is preferentially
      expressed on nerve cells that are proliferating, migrating, or in the initial
      stages of differentiation, whereas cathodic D2 is associated with differentiated
      neurones. The transition between the two forms appears to occur during the
      formation of interneuronal contacts.

PMID- 6387048
TI  - Unique features of the insulin receptor in rat brain.
AB  - We examined the structure of the affinity-labeled insulin receptors in rat brain,
      rat liver, and human IM-9 lymphocytes using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis. In gels run under reducing conditions, the alpha-subunit of
      the insulin receptor in brain had an apparent Mr of 127,000 distinctly lower than
      that seen in both rat liver and human lymphocytes (apparent Mr = 136,000).
      Exposure to neuraminidase increased the electrophoretic mobility of the liver
      receptor, but had no effect on the insulin receptor in brain. The carbohydrate
      moieties of the insulin receptors in rat brain and liver were further examined by
      chromatography on wheat-germ agglutinin agarose. The receptors in both tissues
      adsorbed to the wheat-germ agglutinin; elution with 0.3 M N-acetyl glucosamine
      resulted in slightly better recovery of the brain than of the liver receptor.
      Exposure to neuraminidase virtually abolished the interaction of the liver
      receptor with the lectin, whereas adsorption of the brain receptor was unaffected
      by neuraminidase. These results indicate that the insulin receptor in brain is
      distinguished from those in peripheral tissues by structural alterations,
      including changes in the carbohydrate moiety of the receptor. Such alterations
      contrast sharply with the previously observed similarities in insulin binding
      properties between insulin receptors in brain and other tissues. The implications
      of such structural alterations for the program of insulin action expressed by the
      receptors in brain remain to be explored.

PMID- 6387050
TI  - Alterations in cerebral and microvascular prostaglandin synthesis by manipulation
      of dietary essential fatty acids.
AB  - Sprague-Dawley rats were fed one of three purified diets--10% corn oil, 10%
      hydrogenated coconut oil, or 10% linseed oil--through two generations. At 60-80
      days of age the animals were sacrificed. The fatty acyl composition of
      phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, plasmalogen
      phosphatidylethanolamine, and combined phosphatidylinositol/phosphatidylserine
      from cerebral cortex and isolated cerebral microvessels was determined. Brain
      slice prostaglandin F2 alpha or microvascular prostacyclin synthesis was also
      measured. Major changes were noted in the fatty acid profiles, most dramatically
      in the phosphatidylethanolamine and ethanolamine plasmalogen fractions, with an
      active rise in docosahexaenoic acid resulting from linseed oil feeding. A
      depression in prostaglandin F2 alpha synthesis was seen in brain slices of
      hydrogenated coconut oil- and linseed oil-fed rats. Such a depression was also
      observed in microvascular prostaglandin synthesis at basal and stimulated levels
      but not in control incubations. The potential importance of these findings to
      cerebral microcirculation and hemostasis is discussed.

PMID- 6387051
TI  - Evidence for feedback regulation of glutamate decarboxylase by gamma-aminobutyric
      acid.
AB  - Although feedback control mechanisms for regulating the synthesis of various
      neurotransmitters have been demonstrated no such mechanism has been described for
      gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in mammalian brain. Physiological concentrations
      of GABA inactivated glutamate decarboxylase, the enzyme responsible for GABA
      synthesis, by converting it to apoenzyme. This inactivation was opposed by the
      cofactor, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (pyridoxal-P), and was promoted by ATP. GABA
      also competitively inhibited the enzyme, and the Ki for inhibition was
      essentially the same as the concentration of GABA giving the half-maximal rate of
      inactivation (16 mM). These results provide a mechanism for direct feedback
      control of presynaptic GABA synthesis and provide further support for the
      regulation of glutamate decarboxylase in vivo by a cycle of inactivation and
      reactivation.

PMID- 6387052
TI  - S100a0 (alpha alpha) protein is present in neurons of the central and peripheral
      nervous system.
AB  - The cellular distribution of S100 subunits in human brain and peripheral nerves
      was studied by means of an immunohistochemical technique using antibodies
      specific to the alpha subunit or the beta subunit of S100 protein. The results
      indicate that the distribution of the alpha subunit and the beta subunit is
      different among cell types in the nervous tissue, and that neurons in the brain
      and peripheral nerves contain only the alpha subunit, or S100a0 protein. The
      subunit distribution also appears to be different at an intracellular level,
      where the immunoreaction products for the alpha subunit show granular arrangement
      whereas those for the beta subunit are found diffusely in the cytoplasm.

PMID- 6387053
TI  - Regionally selective inhibition of cerebral protein synthesis in the rat during
      hypoglycemia and recovery.
AB  - Regional cerebral protein synthesis was investigated in anesthetized,
      mechanically ventilated rats during progressive insulin-induced hypoglycemia and
      the recovery period following glucose infusion. Polysome profiles from
      precomatose animals with slow wave/polyspike EEG revealed a slight reduction of
      polyribosomes and a concurrent increase in monoribosomes, but autoradiographs
      showed a pattern of L-[3-3H]tyrosine incorporation indistinguishable from that of
      control rats. During the initial 30 min of insulin-induced isoelectric EEG
      ("coma"), autoradiographs showed a selective inhibition of protein synthesis in
      neurons and glial cells of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, i.e., regions
      with high susceptibility for the development of hypoglycemic brain damage. Basal
      ganglia were less affected and areas with low vulnerability (hypothalamus,
      brainstem, and cerebellum) exhibited a normal pattern of amino acid
      incorporation. Using a flooding dose of L-[1-14C]valine (7.5 mmol/kg; 15
      microCi/mmol), the rate of incorporation in cerebral cortex and cerebellum was
      found to be reduced to 2% and 80% of control values, respectively. Inhibition of
      protein synthesis was paralleled by a breakdown of polyribosomes and a
      concomitant increase in ribosomal subunits, indicating a block in peptide chain
      initiation. After 90 min of isoelectric EEG all brain structures with the
      exception of hypothalamus and area postrema showed an almost complete lack of
      amino acid incorporation. Glucose infusion after a 30-min period of hypoglycemic
      coma led to a partial restoration of cortical and hippocampal protein synthesis.
      Within 70-90 min of recovery, L-[1-14C]valine incorporation into neocortical and
      cerebellar proteins amounted to 47% and 125% of fasted controls.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6387054
TI  - Effect of ethyl choline mustard on choline dehydrogenase and other enzymes of
      choline metabolism.
AB  - The effect of ethyl choline mustard (ECMA), and effective irreversible inhibitor
      of choline transport, was investigated on the enzymes of choline metabolism. ECMA
      at concentrations of 50 microM hardly affected choline acetyltransferase and
      caused only a 20% inhibition of choline kinase at a concentration of 1 mM.
      However, the mustard was an extremely effective inhibitor of choline
      dehydrogenase, producing 50% inhibition at concentrations of 6 microM. The
      inhibition was prevented by incubation in the presence of choline or by prior
      reaction of the mustard with thiosulphate. Separation of the components of the
      ECMA solution on TLC suggested that only the compound with an aziridine ring was
      an effective inhibitor of choline dehydrogenase. The inhibition was resistant to
      the washing out of excess unreacted mustard. The rate constant of inhibition was
      395 M-1 X S-1. By the use of [3H]ECMA a single polypeptide in the enzyme
      preparation having a MW of 67,000 was labelled. The labelling was thiosulphate
      sensitive and prevented by incubation with choline. It is concluded that ECMA is
      an irreversible inhibitor of choline dehydrogenase. It is at least as effective
      an inhibitor of choline dehydrogenase as of the choline transport system,
      although it does not appreciably inhibit choline acetyltransferase or choline
      kinase in the micromolar range.

PMID- 6387055
TI  - Occurrence of gerrardine in Cassipourea guianensis.

PMID- 6387056
TI  - Isolation of artemisinin (qinghaosu) from Artemisia annua growing in the United
      States.

PMID- 6387057
TI  - Tumor-associated peripheral eosinophilia: two unusual cases.
AB  - Peripheral eosinophilia is a rare but recognized accompaniment of malignant
      disease. Two unusual cases, one with a histiocytic lymphoma and the other with
      cervical carcinoma, are described. In the first patient, pulmonary infiltrates
      developed at the height of the eosinophilia and in the second, the peripheral
      eosinophilia heralded the onset of disseminated disease. Tumor-associated
      peripheral eosinophilia is reviewed, and it is concluded that peripheral
      eosinophilia associated with a malignant setting is a marker of extensive disease
      and is thus associated with a poor prognosis.

PMID- 6387058
TI  - Relation of in vitro colony survival to clinical response in a prospective trial
      of single-agent chemotherapy for metastatic melanoma.
AB  - We have used the effect of therapeutic agents on clonogenic growth in agar to
      discriminate between active and inactive agents for malignant melanoma. We report
      a prospective study of single-agent chemotherapy for metastatic melanoma. Forty
      five separate in vitro/in vivo correlative trials were conducted in 34 patients.
      A number of agents were used in these evaluations, including actinomycin D,
      Amsacrine, bisantrene, mitoxantrone, BCNU, vinblastine, vindesine, 5
      fluorouracil, MGBG, etoposide, interferon, tamoxifen, and 13-cis-retinoic acid.
      At the "cut-off" concentration, a colony survival less than 30% was designated as
      "sensitivity" and greater than 30% as "resistance." Clinical sensitivity was
      designated to include complete, partial, and mixed responses and was predicted in
      eight of 18 trials (44%). Clinical resistance (nonresponse) was predicted
      correctly in 24 of 27 cases (89%). Using Fisher's exact test the association of
      in vitro and in vivo results was significant (P = .05). These results offer
      further support for the concept that clonogenic assays may help select useful
      agents for clinical trials in metastatic melanoma.

PMID- 6387059
TI  - A phase III clinical trial comparing the combination cyclophosphamide,
      adriamycin, cisplatin with cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, prednisone in
      patients with advanced breast cancer.
AB  - We assessed the efficacy of a regimen consisting of four cycles of
      cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin (Adria Laboratories, Inc, Columbus, Ohio), cisplatin
      (CAP) followed by maintenance with cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, prednisone
      (CFP) compared with CFP alone in a randomized trial of 86 patients with advanced
      breast cancer. The objective regression rates were 46% (CFP) and 49% (CAP with
      CFP) which included complete regression rates of 7% (CFP) and 4% (CAP with CFP).
      The median time to progression was nine months for CFP and six months for CAP
      with CFP. Median survival in the CFP group was 18 months v 11 months in the CAP
      recipients. Due to the therapeutic trend in favor of patients receiving CFP, we
      terminated the study before achieving our initially projected accrual. We
      observed over a twofold excess of substantial nausea and vomiting among patients
      receiving the platinum-based regimen. In our view, the CAP followed by the CFP
      regimen is a more toxic program that offers no clinically meaningful improvement
      over CFP to patients with advanced breast cancer.

PMID- 6387060
TI  - The importance of dose intensity in chemotherapy of metastatic breast cancer.

PMID- 6387062
TI  - The first primary brain-tumor operation.
AB  - On November 25, 1884, Mr. Rickman J. Godlee performed the first recognized
      resection of a primary brain tumor. This operation was carried out at the
      suggestion of Dr. A. Hughes Bennett, a neurologist at The Hospital for Epilepsy
      and Paralysis, Regents Park, London, England. Other operations for intracranial
      tumor had been performed but were for extracerebral meningeal or osseous tumors.
      The "first" operation for a primary cerebral tumor by Godlee was meticulously
      described and well documented in the medical and popular press of the day and
      stimulated both professional and lay discussions of the topic that directly and
      indirectly led to further surgery on the cerebrum itself and the advent of modern
      neurosurgery. The original patient of Mr. Godlee died on the 28th postoperative
      day of apparent meningitis and secondary complications, but postmortem
      examination revealed no remnant of the excised glioma.

PMID- 6387061
TI  - Continuous infusion chemotherapy: a critical review.
AB  - With the development of reliable drug pumps and safe long-term venous access
      catheters, the continuous infusion of chemotherapeutic agents has become
      clinically feasible. The available studies on infusion therapy with 37
      antineoplastic drugs are analyzed. With the majority of agents, infusion studies
      have either not been performed or the completed studies have failed to
      demonstrate improved effectiveness over bolus therapy. In some continuous
      infusion studies, effectiveness has been retained but with no apparent
      improvement in the therapeutic index. Several other drugs such as bleomycin,
      cytosine arabinoside, and doxorubicin have apparent improvement in the
      therapeutic index when given as a continuous infusion. The improved therapeutic
      index of the fluorinated pyrimidines when given via continuous infusion must be
      explored in randomized controlled studies using malignancies other than
      colorectal cancer. The cost effectiveness of such studies must be carefully
      assessed. Since this method of administration of chemotherapeutic agents offers
      the potential for less toxicity and retained antineoplastic effect, such
      investigations are highly desirable for improved patient care.

PMID- 6387063
TI  - Intravenous injection during chemonucleolysis.

PMID- 6387064
TI  - Chymopapain and general anesthesia.

PMID- 6387066
TI  - Thallium-201 for medical use. Part 3: Human distribution and physical imaging
      properties. By H.L. Atkins, T.F. Budinger, E. Lebowitz, A. N. Ansari, M.W.
      Greene, R. G. Fairchild, and K. J. Ellis. 1976.

PMID- 6387065
TI  - Assessment of bone mineral. Part 2.
AB  - A number of different techniques are available to study bone mineral. Those based
      on radiographs are helpful as an initial approach to the symptomatic patient with
      advanced disease, but they do not have the sensitivity to detect early bone loss,
      to assist in the estimation of fracture risk, or to monitor effects of treatment
      in controlled drug studies. A radiograph of the spine and hip, however, should be
      the first step before other tests are ordered. Photon absorptiometry methods or
      CT-based tests are currently most attractive as second-line approaches. Of these,
      photon absorptiometry is more widely tested clinically and allows studies of
      predominantly cortical or trabecular bone sites and total skeletal calcium.
      Although all of this cannot be done reliably with one instrument under routine
      laboratory conditions at present, it may well become possible in the near future.
      Of the CT-based procedures, the forearm scanner is very attractive because of its
      high precision and accuracy and the fact that it allows measurement of trabecular
      bone only. The technique is restricted to the forearm and may not be versatile
      enough for modern clinical requirements. A similar comment may be applicable to
      neutron-activation techniques of the hand, forearm, or spine. Low-level counting
      and the handling of neutron sources are not widely known techniques in many
      laboratories, and this will restrict their use in clinical practice. At this time
      there is no optimal technique available for mass screening for early
      osteoporosis. Dual-photon absorptiometry of the spine has been in use in our
      institution as the method of choice in selected patients for early detection of
      osteoporosis. However, for screening purposes the radius is still a very
      attractive bone to measure. At the currently used measuring sites, however, it
      does not have the sensitivity required to indicate spinal bone loss. Perhaps
      measurements closer to the distal end, where the trabecular-to-cortical bone
      ratios approach that in the spine, could be more sensitive. The difficulty of
      relocating the arm for photon absorptiometry can perhaps be solved for photon
      absorptiometry, or may be resolved by CT of the forearm. Correlation of the
      extreme distal radius with the spine is necessary to answer this question.

PMID- 6387067
TI  - Getting on top of organizational change. Part 2. Trends in nursing service.
AB  - Fundamental to all of the trends described in this article is the nurse
      executive's ability to influence organizational policy and planning. The value of
      nursing as a clinical practice discipline provides consistency in policy,
      planning, and goal achievement. Viewing nurses as salaried professionals,
      establishing organizational structures that foster professional behaviors, and
      achieving cost-effective quality care all depend on the top nurse executive's
      effective use of power. In the next and last section of this series, nursing in
      multihospital systems and corporate structures will be discussed, and these
      themes will be further developed in relation to corporate planning for change.

PMID- 6387068
TI  - Feeding in response to insulin and 2-deoxy-D-glucose in Zucker rats on dietary
      self-selection.
AB  - Adult male fatty and lean rats of Zucker strain were given access ad libitum to
      either a single nutritionally complete diet, or a self-selection regime with
      separate sources of three macronutrients, protein (casein), fat (hydrogenated
      coconut oil), and carbohydrate (sucrose). Animals on the single diet were fed on
      a powdered stock diet, and then switched to the self-selection regime. Energy
      intake on the self-selection regime was the same as that for the single diet
      condition in both fatty and lean rats. Fatty rats consumed 45% more energy than
      did their lean littermates. Further, fatty rats selected 47.0% of their total
      calories as protein, 30.1% as fat, and 22.9% as carbohydrate. The respective
      percentages for lean rats were 56.1, 13.0 and 30.9. In lean rats, the injection
      of insulin (10 U/kg) or 2-deoxy-D-glucose (500 mg/kg, 2DG) failed to increase
      energy intake, but increased carbohydrate intake 2 times by attenuating protein
      intake. Also in fatty rats, insulin did not increase energy intake, but it did
      increase carbohydrate by 50% by attenuating fat intake. 2DG decreased energy
      intake by attenuating carbohydrate and fat intakes in fatty rats. Fatty rats were
      slightly less hypoglycemic to insulin, but more hyperglycemic to 2DG than lean
      rats. These different self-selection patterns of fatty rats seemed to be
      associated with their endocrine, metabolic, and behavioral abnormalities.

PMID- 6387069
TI  - Stress factors in the development of coronary artery disease.
AB  - The epidemiologic evidence that stress contributes to cardiovascular disease is
      reviewed. No one characterization of stress has been associated with all
      manifestations of cardiovascular disease, yet specific characterizations have
      been associated with particular manifestations of disease. Type A behavior
      pattern is a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) and is correlated with
      the severity and progression of atherosclerosis demonstrated angiographically.
      Work overload with job dissatisfaction also predisposes to CAD. Socioeconomic
      disadvantage in a society of urbanization and industrialization increases the
      risk of hypertension and CAD, while chronic states of anxiety, depression, and
      helplessness are associated with angina and sudden death. Traumatic life events,
      especially involving loss of or threat to self-esteem, may precipitate sudden
      death in patients with preexisting CAD. There is evidence that the mechanism
      linking the experience of stress and the development of acute coronary events is
      exposure to sympathetic hyperarousal and a deficit in soothing. Research is
      needed to determine if work environments can be designed to minimize hyperarousal
      and provide protective outlets for individuals experiencing such arousal.

PMID- 6387070
TI  - Vibration syndrome in chipping and grinding workers.
AB  - A clear conclusion from these studies is that vibration syndrome occurs in
      chipping and grinding workers in this country and that earlier reports that it
      may not exist were probably inaccurate. The careful selection of exposed and
      control groups for analysis strengthens the observed association between
      vibration syndrome and the occupational use of pneumatic chipping hammers and
      grinding tools. In the foundry populations studied the vibration syndrome was
      severe, with short latencies and high prevalences of the advanced stages. The
      shipyard population did not display this pattern. This difference can be
      attributed to variations in work practices but the more important factor seems to
      be the effect of incentive work schedules. Comparisons of groups of hourly and
      incentive workers from the shipyard and within foundry populations consistently
      demonstrated that incentive work was associated with increased severity of
      vibration syndrome. Excessive vibration levels were measured on chipping and
      grinding tools. Of the factors studied, reduction of throttle level decreased the
      vibration levels measured on chipping hammers. For grinders, the working
      condition of the tool affected the measured vibration acceleration levels.
      Grinders receiving average to poor maintenance showed higher vibration levels.
      The results of objective clinical testing did not yield tests with diagnostic
      properties. To date, the clinical judgment of the physician remains the primary
      focus of the diagnosis of vibration syndrome. A number of actions can be taken to
      prevent vibration syndrome. Preplacement medical examinations can identify
      workers predisposed to or experiencing Raynaud's phenomenon or disease. Informing
      employees and employers about the signs, symptoms, and consequences of vibration
      syndrome can encourage workers to report the condition to their physicians
      promptly. Engineering approaches to preventing vibration syndrome include
      increased quality control on castings to reduce finishing time and automation of
      the finishing process. Tool manufacturers can contribute by modifying or
      redesigning tools to reduce vibration. The technology to reduce vibration from
      hand tools exists but the engineering application is difficult. Vibration from
      chain saws has been reduced through changes in design and some companies have
      begun to redesign jackhammers, scalers, grinders, and chipping hammers. As these
      become available, purchasers can encourage manufacturers by selecting tools with
      antivibration characteristics. Vibration from tools currently in use can be
      controlled by periodically scheduled inspection and maintenance programs for
      vibrating tools.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6387071
TI  - Periodontal evaluation of canines erupted through grafted alveolar cleft defects.
AB  - Two to eight years after receiving autogenous iliac crest grafts for treatment of
      alveolar cleft defects, eighteen patients who had unilateral cleft palate were
      evaluated for their periodontal status. When cleft-associated canines were
      compared with contralateral control canines, no statistically significant
      differences were found between specific surface values for plaque index, gingival
      index, or probing depths. Attachment loss was found to be greater (less than 0.72
      mm) on the mesio-facial, facial, and mesio-palatal surfaces of the cleft
      associated canines than on the control canines. Fifty-six per cent of the cleft
      associated canines required surgical exposure and 44% also required orthodontic
      assistance to erupt to a functional occlusion. Osseous grafting of alveolar cleft
      defects resulted in satisfactory clinical periodontal support for cleft
      associated canines.

PMID- 6387072
TI  - Use of the electrosurgical knife and topical thrombin for hemostasis in split
      thickness skin graft vestibuloplasty.
AB  - The use of electrocautery and topical thrombin at the donor and recipient sites
      has decreased most of the oozing normally present in skin graft vestibuloplasty
      procedures. It has effectively reduced operating room time, has significantly
      reduced post-operative morbidity, and has shortened both hospital stay and
      recovery time for the patient.

PMID- 6387073
TI  - Tissue response to carbon-reinforced polyethylene.
AB  - There has been clinical concern about the gray discoloration in synovial tissue
      adjacent to carbon-reinforced polyethylene total joint implants. To evaluate the
      pathologic response of the synovium to this material, synovial specimens from 11
      total ankle cases with carbon-reinforced tibial components and two synovial
      specimens from cases with standard polyethylene tibial components were studied by
      gross and histologic techniques. Polyethylene debris was found to produce a
      significant synovial reaction with histiocytes and foreign body giant cells. This
      was found in both the carbon-reinforced cases and in those cases without carbon
      reinforced components. This reaction is also seen in revisions of total hips and
      total knees in which standard polyethylene components have been implanted. In
      contrast with this, carbon particles produced only a minimal reaction in the
      synovial tissue. Carbon appears to be an extremely benign implant material, and
      synovial discoloration from shed carbon fibrils does not appear to present a
      significant clinical problem.

PMID- 6387074
TI  - Allogenic transplants of bone revascularized by microvascular anastomoses: a
      preliminary study.
AB  - An area of experimental bone grafting that needs further study is the use of free
      vascularized allografts of bone. In 35 outbred mongrel dogs, the viability of
      vascularized bone allografts with and without azathioprine immunosuppression was
      compared to vascularized autogenous bone grafts. Viability was assessed by
      histologic techniques, fluorochrome bone labeling, and electron microscopy.
      Autogenous vascularized bone grafts remained viable, and it was concluded that
      microvascular technique was not the limiting factor in attaining survival of the
      grafts. The behavior of autogenous vascularized bone grafts with and without the
      influence of azathioprine was similar. Allogenic vascularized bone transplants
      uniformly failed at a period between 2 and 3 weeks. Immunosuppression with
      azathioprine did not appreciably affect survival of the osteocytes. However, the
      host response to the foreign tissue was slightly modified. The clinical
      ramifications of bone transplantations in humans are not analogous to the
      clinical situation of transplantation of other organs. If vascularized bone
      transplants are performed in humans, a relatively safe form of immunosuppression
      is necessary. This study suggests that azathioprine alone does not offer
      sufficient immunosuppression to insure viability of the vascularized transplant.

PMID- 6387075
TI  - Effects of freezing and freeze-drying on the biomechanical properties of rat
      bone.
AB  - The effects of various preservation techniques on the biomechanical properties of
      bone have been investigated in a rat model. Freezing of the specimens to -20
      degrees C, -70 degrees C, and -196 degrees C did not adversely affect the
      strength of long bones tested in torsion or of vertebral bodies tested in
      compression. Freeze-drying did not markedly affect the compression properties of
      the vertebral specimens; however, it did produce a significant deleterious
      reduction in the torsional strength of the long bones.

PMID- 6387076
TI  - Partial purification and characterization of a proteoglycan-degrading neutral
      protease from bovine epiphyseal cartilage.
AB  - Degradation of the proteoglycan matrix is considered an essential step in the
      process of calcification in the growth plate. This laboratory has just described
      the presence of a protease in human growth plate cartilage that degrades
      proteoglycan at neutral pH. We report here the isolation, partial purification,
      and characterization of these proteoglycan-degrading neutral proteases of bovine
      epiphyseal cartilage. It appears that there is more than a single enzyme active
      at neutral pH. These enzymes are of low molecular weight (below 30,000), poorly
      charged, and inhibited by metal chelating agents. Activity is best restored in
      the presence of zinc. This represents the first characterization of this
      important enzyme group.

PMID- 6387077
TI  - [The localization of bacterial antigen in human palatine tonsil].

PMID- 6387078
TI  - Distribution, prevalence and intensity of Trichinella spiralis infection in
      furbearing mammals of Pennsylvania.
AB  - Tongues from 1,170 raccoons, 384 opossums, 201 muskrats, 168 foxes (red and
      grey), 51 skunks, and 17 mink from Pennsylvania were examined for Trichinella
      spiralis larvae by peptic digestion. The overall prevalence of T. spiralis
      infection was 3.2%, varying in the carnivores from 2.6% in raccoons to 15.1% in
      red foxes; no muskrats were infected. Prevalence varied regionally, being higher
      west of the Susquehanna River, where, in the Ridge and Valley Province, it
      reached 9%. The larval densities varied greatly as reflected by the overall
      geometric mean number of larvae per gram of muscle (LPG) of 18.5 and the
      comparable arithmetic mean LPG of 113.3. No geographic, sex, or species-related
      differences in the intensity of infection were demonstrated.

PMID- 6387079
TI  - Early lymphocyte trapping in malaria infections: a particulate antigen mediated
      phenomenon.
AB  - During the course of rodent malaria a marked decrease in the numbers of
      circulating lymphocytes within the peripheral blood occurred 2-4 days post
      infection. Monocytes and polymorphs did not show the same degree of decline. For
      both avirulent Plasmodium yoelii and lethal Plasmodium berghei infections
      lymphocyte numbers returned to control levels by day 6-8 post-infection. While
      these levels were maintained until clearance of P. yoelii infection, a sustained
      and abnormal increase occurred during P. berghei infection. Early lymphocyte
      depletion was also observed following Babesia microti and Plasmodium vinckei
      petteri infections, and could be induced by freeze-thawed P. yoelii infected
      blood and its particulate, but not soluble, fraction. Corynebacterium parvum and
      sheep red blood cells had no depressant effect on peripheral blood lymphocyte
      counts. Cell trapping experiments indicated that peripheral blood lymphocytes
      were preferentially recruited to the spleen in the initial stages of infection.
      Cell surface marker tests showed that the major cell type involved was Thy-1.2+ T
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 6387080
TI  - Mycoplasma in periodontal disease. Isolation in juvenile periodontitis.
AB  - Mycoplasma have been identified in one case of juvenile periodontitis by size,
      morphology, hemadsorption and cultural techniques. These microorganisms were
      found on the surface of the tooth, on the surface of pocket epithelium and
      invading the gingival epithelium and adjacent connective tissue. These
      observations suggest the need for further studies on the role of Mycoplasma in
      the pathogenesis of advanced periodontal infections. The role of Mycoplasma in
      periodontal disease is discussed.

PMID- 6387081
TI  - Gingival lesions in leukemia. A classification.
AB  - A classification of gingival lesions that may be encountered in the patient with
      acute leukemia during remission induction chemotherapy and following bone marrow
      transplantation is presented. The classification distinguishes between lesions
      resulting directly from the disease and treatment, and those resulting indirectly
      from the depression of normal bone marrow and lymphoid tissues.

PMID- 6387082
TI  - In vitro dehalogenation of para-substituted aromatic halides in rat liver
      preparations.
AB  - The in vitro dehalogenation of a series of para-substituted halobenzenes was
      studied using HPLC separation followed by scintillation counting or neutron
      activation analysis. Microsomal and cytosolic deiodination were established for
      iodobenzene substrates whose para-substituents were CO2H, CHO, NO2, OH, and C6H5
      but not for para-iodobenzonitrile. A nonglutathione cytosolic deiodinase was only
      indicated with 4-iodobiphenyl as the substrate. In vitro dehalogenation could not
      be established for 4-bromobiphenyl using neutron-activation analysis.

PMID- 6387083
TI  - Determination of total captopril in human plasma by gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring after reduction of disulfides.
AB  - Captopril is liberated from covalently protein-bound disulfides and other
      disulfide metabolites in human plasma by reduction with tri-n-butyl-phosphine.
      The captopril is then treated with N-ethylmaleimide, purified on XAD-2 resin,
      eluted with ethyl acetate, and methylated prior to its determination by gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring. The limit of
      detection is 20 ng/mL of plasma.

PMID- 6387084
TI  - Adrenergic mediation of the intestinal antisecretory action of opiates
      administered into the central nervous system.
AB  - The antisecretory effects of the stable enkephalin analogs, [D-Ala2-Met5]
      enkephalinamide (DAMA) and [D-Ala2-D-Leu5] enkephalin, and the opiate drug
      morphine were evaluated on fluid secretion induced by cholera toxin in isolated
      loops of the jejunum and proximal and distal ileum in anesthetized rats.
      Intracerebroventricular administration of DAMA (0.03-3 micrograms) or [D-Ala2-D
      Leu5] enkephalin (1.0-10 micrograms) dose-dependently reduced secretion in the
      jejunum without affecting fluid movement in the other small intestinal segments.
      Morphine in doses up to 30 micrograms i.c.v. had no significant antisecretory
      effects. Intravenous administration of DAMA, at doses up to 3000 micrograms/kg,
      had little effect on intestinal fluid accumulation. The antisecretory action of
      DAMA (3 micrograms i.c.v.) was completely blocked by pretreatment with the alpha
      adrenergic antagonist phentolamine and after peripheral sympathectomy induced by
      guanethidine. In contrast, DAMA activity was preserved in adrenal demedullated
      rats. DAMA had no significant effects upon mean arterial blood pressure or on
      blood acid-base balance. These results suggest that the antisecretory effects of
      opiates are, at least partly, mediated at sites within the central nervous
      system. These actions are probably a consequence of increased activity in
      sympathetic nerve fibers innervating the upper small intestine.

PMID- 6387085
TI  - The release of gamma-aminobutyric acid from horizontal cells of the goldfish
      (Carassius auratus) retina.
AB  - Isolated horizontal cells from goldfish retinas were prepared by enzymatic
      dissociation using papain and separated from other cells by velocity
      sedimentation. In the intact retina, H1 horizontal cells possess a high-affinity
      mechanism for accumulating gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). This property is
      retained in isolated cells, which also release the accumulated GABA in response
      to depolarization by elevated external K+. L-Glutamic acid and its analogues are
      highly effective at micromolar concentrations in eliciting the release of
      preloaded GABA from isolated cells. At saturating concentrations, L-aspartic acid
      stimulates about one-third as much release as L-glutamic acid. In contrast, the D
      isomers of glutamate and aspartate are ineffective. In the intact retina,
      micromolar concentrations of L-glutamic acid analogues are also capable of
      eliciting GABA release from H1 horizontal cells. Release of the accumulated GABA
      from isolated H1 cells is largely independent of external Ca2+ concentrations. In
      the intact retina, H1 horizontal cells also possess a K+-stimulated GABA release
      mechanism that is independent of the Ca2+ concentrations in the medium. In
      addition, there appears to be a small but significant amount of [3H]GABA release
      that may be Ca2+ dependent. Under our conditions, [3H]GABA release from isolated
      cells is unaffected by external Na+ concentrations between 20 and 120 mM.
      However, concentrations of 10 mM or less significantly diminishes this release,
      with 70% curtailed in Na+-free solutions. Our results, together with
      morphological observations by a number of other investigators, suggest that there
      may be two distinct mechanisms for GABA release from goldfish H1 horizontal
      cells: one being a conventional vesicular mechanism which is Ca2+ dependent,
      while the other is Na+ driven and Ca2+ independent. H1 horizontal cells in the
      intact goldfish retina release the accumulated GABA in response to brief
      incubations in darkness, which is known to be the natural stimulus that
      depolarizes these neurones.

PMID- 6387086
TI  - Asymmetric calcium influx and efflux at maternal and fetal sides of the guinea
      pig placenta: kinetics and specificity.
AB  - Unidirectional influx of calcium across maternal and fetal sides of the
      syncytiotrophoblast was investigated in the guinea-pig placenta by using a rapid
      (less than 30 s) paired-tracer dilution technique. Experiments were performed in
      an in situ placenta artificially perfused through the umbilical vessels or in an
      isolated placenta in which both the maternal and fetal circulations were
      perfused. At equimolar Ca2+ concentrations, unidirectional calcium influx was
      always significantly lower on the maternal side than on the fetal side.
      Saturation kinetics were observed: on the fetal side the estimated Km was 1.8 +/-
      0.7 mM and Vmax was 1.66 +/- 0.28 mumol/min X g (mean +/- S.E. of mean) and on
      the maternal side Km ranged from 0.18 to 1.15 mM and Vmax ranged from 0.12 to
      0.59 mumol/min X g. When the inhibition of calcium influx was investigated on the
      fetal side of the trophoblast by using competing cations, the following sequence
      was observed: Ba2+ greater than Ca2+ congruent to Ni2+ greater than Sr2+ greater
      than Mg2+ congruent to Li+. Efflux of 45Ca2+ from the trophoblast into the
      ipsilateral circulation (backflux) was rapid (20-100% in 6 min) and asymmetric
      since the fetal:maternal ratio was 1.35 +/- 0.11 (mean +/- S.E. of mean) in the
      presence of 0.1 mM-Ca2+. In the dually perfused placenta, transplacental transfer
      (6 min) of 45Ca2+ varied over a wide range (0-80%); however, it was similar to
      that of the extracellular reference tracer, 22Na+, in either maternal-to-fetal or
      fetal-to-maternal directions. It is suggested that this is a consequence of the
      'leakiness' of the dually perfused placenta since the transplacental transfer of
      22Na+ and D-[3H]mannitol (or L-[14C]glucose) measured simultaneously were also
      variable but similar. Transplacental transfer of 45Ca2+ could not be used to
      characterize specific calcium-transport mechanisms, whereas highly sensitive
      trophoblast uptake measurements were provided by the single-circulation, paired
      tracer technique. Our findings suggest the presence of a specific carrier
      mediated transport system for calcium on both maternal and fetal surfaces of the
      trophoblast. The asymmetries in unidirectional influx into the trophoblast and
      rapid backflux indicate a mechanism by which the net transfer of calcium from the
      maternal to the fetal circulation is maintained in favour of the fetus.

PMID- 6387087
TI  - Recent advances in etched cast restorations.
AB  - This article described the etched cast restoration. The advantages,
      disadvantages, indications, contraindications, and technique were discussed. The
      rationale for modifications in the original framework design and tooth
      preparation was also presented; some unique advantages over traditional fixed
      prosthodontics are provided. A retentive framework with maximum coverage is
      recommended until research expands and simplifies the technique.

PMID- 6387088
TI  - A new prefabricated post and core system.

PMID- 6387089
TI  - Effect of complete veneer crowns on the compressive strength of endodontically
      treated posterior teeth.

PMID- 6387090
TI  - Wire reinforcement of acrylic resin prostheses.

PMID- 6387091
TI  - A system for localizing pontics.
AB  - The ceramometal pontic has the greatest potential as an esthetic replacement for
      missing teeth. Maximum esthetic and mechanical properties are obtainable only
      with post-ceramic soldering. A means of maintaining positional stability for the
      pontic is offered, as well as some helpful hints in the use of the technique in
      various clinical situations.

PMID- 6387092
TI  - Management of loading forces on mandibular distal-extension prostheses. Part I:
      Evaluation of concepts for design.
AB  - The viscoelastic reaction of ridge mucosa and abutment teeth, by virtue of their
      periodontal ligaments, is a necessary dimension in the evaluation of design
      concepts for removable partial dentures for patients with distal-extension
      ridges. The possible modalities are (1) removable partial dentures with flexible
      denture bases (stressbreakers), (2) use of a floating denture base impression
      technique, (3) use of a mucofunctional impression technique to relate the denture
      base to the framework, and (4) use of an endosseous implant. An evaluation of
      each modality has been made.

PMID- 6387093
TI  - Prosthodontic treatment of patients with hypodontia.

PMID- 6387094
TI  - Palateless dentures: help for the gagging patient.

PMID- 6387095
TI  - Artificial saliva reservoirs.

PMID- 6387096
TI  - Clip attachment for the mandibular staple implant.
AB  - A technique for making the staple implant superstructure has been described,
      which is simple, economically reasonable, and readily replaced with a minimum of
      difficulty. The procedure reduces both clinical and laboratory time compared with
      the use of precision attachments and ceramometal restorations. The size of the
      Rider clip generally allows sufficient space for the proper arrangement of
      denture teeth and the development of acceptable external contours of the
      prosthesis.

PMID- 6387097
TI  - Quality of care: compared perceptions of patient and prosthodontist.
AB  - The results suggest that, with the exception of retention, differences between
      patients' and prosthodontists' perceptions of treatment with complete dentures
      display greater variability with regard to function than to either esthetics or
      comfort. Although the literature has suggested that satisfying the esthetic
      concerns of the patient is likely to be a major hurdle in denture treatment
      success, this study suggests that occlusion, retention, and vertical dimension
      may be of more importance to effective communication. Misconceptions and unreal
      expectations should be dealt with early in the treatment program to avoid patient
      dissatisfaction. During the 1972 International Prosthodontic Workshop held in Ann
      Arbor, Michigan, the statement was made that patients were generally an
      unreliable guide as to the adequacy of their dentures, especially after wearing
      them for a period of time, and that further research to document the patient's
      reliability seemed unnecessary. This study has demonstrated that patients are
      quite reliable judges of many criteria related to dentures, provided channels for
      two-way communication are opened. With the ever greater economic stresses that
      force dentists to consider patients' concerns, perhaps it is increasingly the
      dentist's responsibility to better educate patients to evaluate all aspects of
      the quality of care they receive and encourage extensive two-way communication
      early in the treatment process. The adjusted quality assessment criteria used in
      the present study may be a useful instrument to use with patients prior to the
      initial interview in an effort to establish a better dentist-patient
      relationship.

PMID- 6387098
TI  - Prosthodontic survey. Part II: Removable prosthodontic curriculum survey.
AB  - A removable prosthodontic curriculum questionnaire was mailed to 60 United States
      dental schools. Fifty-one were returned. The results were compared with those of
      Part I of the study, the removable prosthodontic laboratory survey. The
      comparisons and their implications were discussed.

PMID- 6387099
TI  - Making a maxillary record base with the dental surveyor.
AB  - A technique has been described that will allow more intimate contact of a
      maxillary record base to the tissues and the casts. A dental surveyor is used to
      determine a path of insertion that minimizes the amount of undercut to be blocked
      out. By coating the cast with tinfoil substitute prior to blocking out the
      posterior undercuts, the rope wax will adhere to the resin. On initial removal
      from the cast, the wax will yield enough to clear the undercuts. The wax in the
      anterior portion of the base will also flex enough to clear the undercut. The
      cast will not break, and maximum utilization of the labial vestibule will be
      realized. This technique produces a maxillary record base that is stable,
      retentive, and allows anterior teeth to be properly positioned without problems
      of resin interference.

PMID- 6387100
TI  - Stabilized accurately fitting trial bases.

PMID- 6387101
TI  - Duplicating maxillary complete dentures.
AB  - A technique for duplication of a maxillary complete denture has been presented.
      This technique requires no special equipment and can be easily completed in the
      dental office.

PMID- 6387102
TI  - Nonanatomic patterns for full cast gold crowns.

PMID- 6387103
TI  - Abrasion resistant casts for removable partial dentures.

PMID- 6387104
TI  - Bruxism in maxillary overdenture patients.

PMID- 6387105
TI  - The relationship of dopamine receptor blockade to clinical response in
      schizophrenic patients treated with pimozide or haloperidol.
AB  - Pimozide and haloperidol were found to be equally effective in the treatment of
      acute schizophrenia in a double-blind clinical trial involving 22 patients. Drug
      plasma levels measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) did not correlate with clinical
      response following either drug. Nor was there any correlation between clinical
      response and the dopamine receptor blocking activity of either drug as measured
      by radio receptor assay (RRA). Following pimozide plasma prolactin (PRL) levels
      correlated with clinical change, although the time courses of response of PRL and
      clinical response were dissimilar. There was no correlation between PRL and
      clinical response to haloperidol. RRA and RIA values correlated highly following
      pimozide but not haloperidol. Our findings lead us to conclude that the RRA
      technique reflects the plasma level of a drug rather than its central dopamine
      blocking activity. We also consider that the clinical response to antipsychotic
      drugs in schizophrenia may be less directly linked to dopamine receptor blockade
      than has previously been supposed.

PMID- 6387106
TI  - [Pseudotumoral abdominopelvic lipomatosis. Value of the scanographic
      examination].
AB  - The authors report three cases of abdominal lipomatosis, presenting as an
      abdominal mass. The problems of diagnosis caused by this rare entity are
      discussed. The value of the CT scan is emphasized. Indeed, only this examination
      is able to give all the informations necessary for the diagnosis. Ultrasonography
      seems to be particularly useful in the assessment of the evolution of this
      disease, especially for the study of the urinary complications. Before apparition
      of these complications, no treatment is required.

PMID- 6387107
TI  - [Voluminous exogastric myoid tumor. Contribution of echotomography and x-ray
      computed tomography].
AB  - We described a case of voluminous exogastric leiomyoblastoma revealed by
      abdominal pain and clinical mass. Ultrasonography showed a mixed mass, with both
      solid and liquid components, without determining specifically the organ of
      origin. CT body examination showed an intense hypervascularization, associated
      with cystic components. Laparotomy with tumor excision was done without any
      metastases. Such US and CT aspects can lead to the exact diagnostic, if they
      prove the gastric origin of the mass. Otherwise, the discussion is between
      pancreatic or epiploic tumors.

PMID- 6387108
TI  - [A case of intestinal invagination in Burkitt's lymphoma. Echographic and x-ray
      computed tomographic aspects].
AB  - The case of a young girl with cervical and abdominal lymphoma associated with
      small bowel intussusception is reported. The ultrasonographic and computed
      tomographic patterns of the intussusception and their physiopathologic agreements
      are reminded. Semeiologic elements which have not been already described are
      reported. This case also points out the difficulty in the diagnosis of
      intussusception when abdominal tumors are present.

PMID- 6387109
TI  - [The Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome. Apropos of an unusual hepatic ultrasonic aspect].
AB  - A 22 year old woman was diagnosed as having a Fitz-Hugh and Curtis syndrome
      (FHCS) or venereal perihepatitis during laparoscopy for investigation of pain in
      right hypochondrium and fever. Abdominal ultrasonography images presented an
      unusual appearance suggestive of a perihepatic effusion and of thickening of
      Glisson's capsule, lesions that were confirmed on laparoscopy. This ultrasound
      image could not be formally distinguished from a normal variant, but
      ultrasonography is still a valid method of diagnosis of FHCS. An acute
      cholecystitis in a young woman should suggest the diagnosis; absence of a right
      renal, hepatic or gallbladder anomaly should lead to investigation by ultrasound
      of the possible presence of an abdominal effusion of fluid and pelvic
      inflammation. Perihepatitis is confirmed on laparoscopy, which also allows
      sampling for bacteriologic and serologic tests to identify the causal germ:
      gonococcus and particularly Chlamydia trachomatis. Treatment consists of
      administration of specific antibiotics (ampicillin or doxycycline).

PMID- 6387110
TI  - [Hemobilia: value of the coaxial balloon catheter].
AB  - Haemobilia is a serious complication of liver aspiration biopsy which requires
      urgent treatment. The topographic localisation of the bleeding point by hepatic
      angiography is assisted by the use of a coaxial balloon catheter.

PMID- 6387111
TI  - Interventional radiology--intra-arterial therapy.

PMID- 6387112
TI  - Postpartum insertion of modified intrauterine devices.
AB  - The immediate postpartum insertion of standard intrauterine devices (IUDs) and
      those specially modified for postpartum use was evaluated in a multicenter
      clinical trial. The immediate postpartum insertion of IUDs was not associated
      with any increased risk of perforation or infection, although expulsion rates
      were higher than with interval insertions. The expulsion rate varied widely
      between centers using similar devices, suggesting that training in insertion is
      essential. Postpartum IUD insertions can be a practical contraceptive option for
      patients and providers of medical services.

PMID- 6387113
TI  - Chronic hyperventilation and its treatment by physiotherapy: discussion paper.

PMID- 6387114
TI  - Differential diagnosis of acute stroke: a review.

PMID- 6387115
TI  - The number and location of air sacs in broiler chickens and the implication in
      Escherichia coli infection.
AB  - Broiler chicken carcasses were injected with latex to determine the number and
      location of the air sacs and the presence of diverticula. The adverse affect of
      Escherichia coli air sacculitis spreading into the diverticula is discussed.

PMID- 6387116
TI  - On the use of oxytetracycline in reducing the incidence of metritis in dairy
      cows.
AB  - 50 dairy cows were alternately either given no perinatal treatment or were given
      an intramuscular injection of oxytetracycline in a 2-pyrrolidone base at a dosage
      rate of 20 mg/kg body mass. The incidence of metritis in the untreated (control)
      group was 46 out of 120 cows (38,3%), while in the treated group there were 30
      metritis cows out of 130 (23%)--a statistically significant difference.

PMID- 6387117
TI  - Inanition in a Derby eland due to foreign body abomasitis.
AB  - An adult Derby eland bull, Taurotragus derbianus (Grey) kept in captivity showed
      wasting over a period of 3 months. It died from acute inhalation pneumonia while
      being transported in an immobilized state. Post mortem examination revealed a
      chronic ulcerative abomasitis. Histopathologically it was established that the
      abomasitis resulted from penetration of the mucosa by awns of plant material.

PMID- 6387118
TI  - Fleece-rot: the epidemiology and significance of the disease in sheep.
AB  - Fleece-rot is a disease of sheep manifested by a superficial dermatitis with
      seropurulent exudation and matting and, in some cases, pigmentation of wool which
      occurs following periods of excessive wetness. In Australia it is recognised as
      the most important predisposing factor to body blowfly strike, and as such
      represents a major loss to the Australian wool growing industry. This review of
      the literature suggests that there is no reason for the condition not to be
      intermittently a significant problem under South African conditions. A long term
      solution to the problem is achieved by the breeding of resistant sheep.
      Measurement of fleece wettability is possibly the best method of distinguishing
      resistant from susceptible sheep.

PMID- 6387119
TI  - Actinidin hydrolysis of substituted-phenyl hippurates: a quantitative structure
      activity relationship and graphics comparison with hydrolysis by papain.
AB  - The hydrolysis of 29 phenyl hippurates (XPhOCOCH2NHC(=O)C6H5) by the cysteine
      protease actinidin has been studied and a quantitative structure-activity
      relationship (QSAR) has been formulated: log 1/Km = 0.74 sigma + 0.50 pi'3 +
      0.24MR4 + 2.90. In this expression Km is the Michaelis constant, sigma is the
      Hammett constant, pi'3 is the hydrophobic parameter for the more hydrophobic of
      the two meta substituents, and MR4 is the molar refractivity of para
      substituents. The QSAR for actinidin is compared with a similar one obtained for
      another cysteine plant protease papain. A color stereo computer graphics model
      constructed from the X-ray crystallographic coordinates of actinidin is compared
      with those of our previously reported models for papain.

PMID- 6387120
TI  - Structure-activity relationship of the ficin hydrolysis of phenyl hippurates.
      Comparison with papain, actinidin, and bromelain.
AB  - A study of the hydrolysis of 30 substituted-phenyl hippurates by the enzyme ficin
      has been made. From the results the following quantitative structure--activity
      relationship (QSAR) has been derived: log 1/Km = 0.79 pi'3 + 0.58 sigma + 0.28
      MR4,5 + 3.70. In this expression Km is the Michaelis constant, pi'3 refers to the
      more hydrophobic of the two meta substituents, and MR4,5 is the molar
      refractivity of substituents in the 4- and 5-positions of the phenyl ring. This
      QSAR is compared with those from papain, actinidin, bromelain B, and bromelain D.

PMID- 6387121
TI  - A novel peptide delivery system involving peptidase activated prodrugs as
      antimicrobial agents. Synthesis and biological activity of peptidyl derivatives
      of 5-fluorouracil.
AB  - As an approach to the development of antimicrobial agents, a novel peptide
      carrier system was designed, based on the chemical instability of alpha
      substituted glycine analogues, with the explicit intent of actively transporting
      therapeutically useful compounds into microbial cells. Peptides containing 5
      fluorouracil (5-FU) linked to the peptide backbone were selected to test the
      feasibility of this new delivery system. These peptide conjugates were designed
      such that they would be substrates for both the microbial peptide permeases and
      peptidases. After entry into cells, enzymatic hydrolysis of the peptide generates
      an unstable alpha-(5-FU)-glycine that spontaneously decomposes to release 5-FU.
      The 5-FU-peptide conjugates were tested for antifungal (Candida albicans) and
      antibacterial (Escherichia coli) activity and were found to have antimicrobial
      activities comparable to free 5-FU. Noninhibitory peptides antagonized the
      antimicrobial activities of the 5-FU-peptide conjugates but not of free 5-FU, a
      result consistent with peptide transport mediated entry of the peptide conjugates
      into cells. Further support for this conclusion was provided by the finding that
      biological activities were dependent upon peptide stereochemistry.

PMID- 6387122
TI  - Relationship of the face fly (Diptera: Muscidae) to pinkeye in cattle: a review
      and synthesis of the relevant literature.

PMID- 6387124
TI  - Endocrine abnormalities in a patient with partial trisomy 4q.
AB  - Partial trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 4, usually resulting from a
      familial segregation of a balanced translocation, has been described in a number
      of patients. This report describes the genetic and endocrine findings in a 16
      year old 46,XY,12q+ mentally retarded male. The banding pattern of the extra
      chromatin material from this de novo unbalanced translocation shows that the
      distal segment of the long arm of chromosome 4 is involved. Comparison of the
      clinical features in this patient with cases of partial trisomy 4q previously
      reported support the cytogenetic evidence for this translocation involving the
      distal portion of 4q. Endocrine data suggested an end-organ resistance,
      characterised by extreme hyperinsulinaemia, primary hypothyroidism, and
      hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism associated with no signs of autoimmunity. To our
      knowledge, no endocrine evaluation has been previously reported in patients with
      partial trisomy 4q.

PMID- 6387123
TI  - Survey of the human acetylator polymorphism in spontaneous disorders.
AB  - There is ample evidence that the human acetylator phenotypes are associated with
      drug induced phenomena. It is principally the slow acetylators who exhibit toxic
      adverse effects because of their relative inability to detoxify the original drug
      compounds. In rare instances, however, it is the rapid acetylators who are at a
      disadvantage. In the matter of association of spontaneous disease with either
      acetylator phenotype, there are two groups of disorders to consider. First,
      disorders in which carcinogenic amines are known to be an aetiological factor.
      This is because these amines are substrates for the polymorphic N
      acetyltransferase activity and hence there is a possible rational basis for
      searching for an association. Secondly, other disorders where searches for
      associations are based more on hunches. In the first group there is a definite
      statistical association between cancer of the bladder and the slow acetylator
      phenotype. In prevalence studies the slow phenotype is 39% more associated with
      bladder cancer than is the rapid phenotype. On the basis of the evidence now
      available it is not possible to say whether this association is because slow
      acetylators develop the disease more frequently or whether they survive longer.
      In the second group the relevant studies show (1) a greatly increased prevalence
      of slow acetylators in Gilbert's disease; (2) a confirmed association between the
      rapid acetylator phenotype and diabetes; (3) a possible association between the
      rapid acetylator phenotype and breast cancer; (4) a possible association between
      the slow acetylator phenotype and leprosy in Chinese patients; (5) an earlier age
      of onset of thyrotoxicosis (Graves' disease) in slow acetylators than in rapid
      acetylators; (6) no evidence of an association between either phenotype and
      spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 6387125
TI  - Group-B streptococcus--profile of an organism.

PMID- 6387126
TI  - Polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis by mixed anaerobic and aerobic bacteria.
AB  - The induction of chemotactic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) by
      anaerobic and aerobic bacteria alone or in combination was evaluated. Washed
      cells as well as the supernate of Proteus mirabilis were chemotactic for
      leukocytes. The supernate of cultures of two strains of Bacteroides fragilis
      contained small amounts of chemotactic factors. No chemotactic factors were
      released from the non-fragilis Bacteroides strains. The supernates of cultures of
      anaerobic bacteria were capable of inhibiting chemotaxis of leukocytes to the
      chemotactic factors of P. mirabilis. P. mirabilis and two strains of B. fragilis
      generated chemotactic factors in serum but none of the other Bacteroides spp.
      tested were able to induce serum chemotactic factors.

PMID- 6387127
TI  - Susceptibility of fungi in mouthrinse specimens from patients with haematological
      malignancies.
AB  - Fungi isolated from mouthrinse specimens during episodes of acute
      pseudomembranous fungal stomatitis and deep-seated mycoses in patients with
      haematological malignancies were tested for susceptibility to seven antifungal
      agents. Topical treatment of stomatitis with clotrimazole or chlorhexidine did
      not induce any change in the susceptibility of oral Candida albicans. Treatment
      of deeper mycoses with 5-fluorocytosine, however, resulted in a significant
      increase in oral strains resistant to this agent. Of C. albicans strains
      isolated, 7% were resistant to 5-fluorocytosine greater than 32 micrograms/ml.
      One patient died of disseminated mycosis during treatment with this drug; the
      resistant C. albicans was isolated from the mouth, liver, spleen and kidneys.
      Strains of Torulopsis glabrata and C. krusei resistant to 5-fluorocytosine were
      also found in some patients. Organisms resistant to 5-fluorocytosine were
      generally sensitive to polyenes and imidazoles.

PMID- 6387129
TI  - The Lenape contribution to New Jersey medicine.

PMID- 6387128
TI  - Transformation in Haemophilus: a problem in membrane biology.

PMID- 6387130
TI  - A sketch of medicine in New Jersey to 1825.

PMID- 6387131
TI  - MSNJ: America's first and oldest medical society.

PMID- 6387132
TI  - The history of medical journalism in New Jersey.

PMID- 6387133
TI  - Preliminary report of yellow fever during the 18th century.

PMID- 6387134
TI  - The history of medicine and medical care in New Brunswick.

PMID- 6387135
TI  - The life and times of Camden.

PMID- 6387136
TI  - On display: the science and art of healing.

PMID- 6387137
TI  - Samuel Alexander, M.D., and the Uniform Medical Practice Act.

PMID- 6387138
TI  - Frederick B. Kilmer: a notable New Jersey pharmacist.

PMID- 6387139
TI  - William Augustus Newell, M.D., and the Life Saving Service.

PMID- 6387140
TI  - Women physicians of New Jersey: the early era.

PMID- 6387141
TI  - A medical dynasty in New Jersey.

PMID- 6387142
TI  - The Academy of Medicine of New Jersey: a brief history.

PMID- 6387143
TI  - Medical education of New Jersey: the development of UMDNJ.

PMID- 6387144
TI  - The first 40 years of osteopathic medicine in New Jersey.

PMID- 6387146
TI  - New Jersey State Nurses' Association.

PMID- 6387145
TI  - The history of the New Jersey Hospital Association.

PMID- 6387147
TI  - New Jersey medical historiography, 1964-1984.

PMID- 6387148
TI  - Radiological seminar CCXLI: Right upper quadrant-epigastric pain--role of
      radiographic tests to diagnose cholecystitis.

PMID- 6387149
TI  - Diseases of small arteries and veins.

PMID- 6387150
TI  - Yeast amber suppressors corresponding to tRNA3Leu genes.
AB  - Amber suppressors previously isolated from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and
      belonging to the same phenotypic class (Liebman et al., 1976) were assigned to
      nine different linkage groups named SUP52 through SUP60. One of these
      suppressors, SUP52, had been shown to cause the insertion of leucine and had been
      genetically mapped (Liebman et al., 1977). The following additional amber
      suppressors were mapped: SUP53 maps near the centromere of chromosome III closely
      linked to leu2; SUP54 maps on chromosome VII, 6 cM distal to trp5; SUP56 maps on
      chromosome I, 5.4 cM distal to ade1; SUP57 maps on chromosome VI, closely linked
      to met10; and SUP58 maps on the left arm of chromosome XI, loosely linked to
      met14. We show by protein analysis that like SUP52, the suppressors SUP53 through
      SUP56 are leucine-inserters. Furthermore, by hybridization with a cloned tRNA3Leu
      probe we demonstrate that at least SUP53, SUP54, SUP55 and SUP56 contain
      mutations in redundant tRNA3Leu genes because they each generate a new XbaI site
      in a DNA fragment encompassing a tRNA3Leu gene. These new XbaI sites are
      predicted by the known sequences of tRNA3Leu genes if the CAA anticodon mutates
      to the amber suppressing anticodon CTA. It is likely that each of the nine
      suppressors in this phenotypic class contain similar mutations in different
      tRNA3Leu genes since we find that there are approximately nine unlinked redundant
      copies of tRNA3Leu genes in haploid strains.

PMID- 6387152
TI  - Crystal structure at 2.6 A resolution of the complex of subtilisin BPN' with
      streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor.
AB  - The crystal structure of the complex of a bacterial alkaline serine proteinase,
      subtilisin BPN', with its proteinaceous inhibitor SSI (Streptomyces subtilisin
      inhibitor) was solved at 2.6 A resolution. Compared with other similar complexes
      involving serine proteinases of the trypsin family, the present structure is
      unique in several respects. (1) In addition to the usual antiparallel beta-sheet
      involving the P1, P2 and P3 residues of the inhibitor, the P4, P5 and P6 residues
      form an antiparallel beta-sheet with a previously unnoticed chain segment
      (residues 102 through 104, which was named the S4-6 site) of subtilisin BPN'. (2)
      The S4-6 site does not exist in serine proteinases of the trypsin family, whether
      of mammalian or microbial origin. (3) Global induced-fit movement seems to occur
      on SSI: a channel-like structure in SSI where hydrophobic side-chains are
      sandwiched between two lobes becomes about 2 A wider upon complexing with
      subtilisin. (4) The complex is most probably a Michaelis complex, as in most of
      the other complexes. (5) The main role of the "secondary contact region" of SSI
      seems to be to support the reactive site loop ("primary contact region"). Steric
      homology of the two contact regions between the inhibitors of the SSI family and
      the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor-ovomucoid inhibitor family is so high
      that it seems to indicate divergent evolutionary processes and to support the
      general notion as to the relationship of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes put
      forward by Doolittle (1978).

PMID- 6387151
TI  - Multiple origin usage for DNA replication in sdrA(rnh) mutants of Escherichia
      coli K-12. Initiation in the absence of oriC.
AB  - In stable DNA replication (sdrA/rnh) mutants of Escherichia coli, initiation of
      rounds of DNA replication occurs in the absence of the normal origin of
      replication, oriC. To determine whether or not the initiation occurs at a fixed
      site(s) on the chromosome in sdrA mutants, the DNA from exponentially growing
      sdrA mutant cells with or without the oriC site (delta oriC) was analyzed for the
      relative copy numbers of various genes along the chromosome. The results suggest
      that there are at least four fixed sites or regions of the sdrA delta oriC
      chromosome from which DNA replication can be initiated in the absence of the oriC
      sequence.

PMID- 6387153
TI  - Mutagenic SOS repair of site-specific psoralen damage in plasmid pBR322.
AB  - The mutagenic repair of psoralen damage was examined by transforming Escherichia
      coli with psoralen-treated pBR322. Plasmid DNA randomly reacted with psoralen was
      repaired only when the E. coli was uvrA+ and recA+, and only when the cells were
      pre-irradiated with far-ultraviolet light. The recA dependence and requirement
      for pre-irradiation are characteristics of SOS repair. Psoralens were placed
      specifically near the BamHI site, in the tetracycline-resistance gene of pBR322,
      using a sulfhydryl-containing psoralen derivative. Repair of this damage also
      required pre-irradiation of the host cells. This repair was accompanied by a 4%
      frequency of mutagenesis to a tetracycline-sensitive phenotype. Sequence analysis
      of these mutant plasmids revealed that 75% had mutations within the targeted
      region, while 25% had no sequence changes within 100 bases of the BamHI site. In
      up to five independent isolates only one kind of mutation was observed at each
      site, suggesting that mutagenic SOS repair is influenced by DNA structure at the
      site of the psoralen. Most mutations were transitions, primarily G-C to A-T
      changes. Some transitions occurred at sites where psoralen crosslinks could not
      have formed, and these may have arisen from the repair of psoralen monoadducts.

PMID- 6387154
TI  - Regulation of the Escherichia coli L-arabinose operon studied by gel
      electrophoresis DNA binding assay.
AB  - DNA binding properties of the proteins required for induction of the Escherichia
      coli L-arabinose operon were measured using a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      assay. The mechanisms of induction and repression were studied by observing the
      multiple interactions of RNA polymerase, cyclic AMP receptor protein and araC
      protein with short DNA fragments containing either the araC or araBAD promoter
      regions. These studies show that binding of araC protein to the operator site,
      araO1, directly blocks RNA polymerase binding at the araC promoter, pC. We find
      that cyclic AMP receptor protein and araC protein do not bind co-operatively at
      their respective sites to linear DNA fragments containing the pBAD promoter.
      Nevertheless, both these positive effectors must be present on the DNA to
      stimulate binding of RNA polymerase. Additionally, binding of the proteins to the
      DNA is not sufficient; araC protein must also be in the inducing state, for RNA
      polymerase to bind. Equilibrium binding constraints and kinetics were determined
      for araC protein binding to the araI and the araO1 sites. In the presence of
      inducer, L-arabinose, araC protein binds with equal affinity to DNA fragments
      containing either of these sites. In the presence of anti-inducer, D-fucose, the
      affinity for both sites is reduced 40-fold. The apparent equilibrium binding
      constants for both states of the protein vary in parallel with the buffer salt
      concentration. This result suggests that the inducing and repressing forms of
      araC protein displace a similar number of cations upon binding DNA.

PMID- 6387155
TI  - Three-dimensional reconstruction of the 30 S ribosomal subunit from randomly
      oriented particles.
AB  - Electron micrographs show the small (30 S) subunit of Escherichia coli ribosomes
      lying in a wide range of positions on the specimen support, related by rotation
      principally around the long axis of the particle. Through correspondence
      analysis, a multivariate statistical method that distinguishes the major factors
      accounting for interimage variance, the (aligned) views of the randomly oriented
      particles were ordered and grouped according to tilt angle. Views so grouped were
      then averaged and used as input to a three-dimensional reconstruction program.
      The particle reconstructed from nine averaged projections spanning a 160 degrees
      rotational range has a resolution of 5 nm in planes perpendicular to the long
      axis of the particle and approximately 3 nm in the direction of the long axis. It
      is somewhat asymmetrical and quite compact; its most conspicuous feature is the
      "platform" that wraps partially around the middle of the subunit.

PMID- 6387156
TI  - Isolation and characterization of precursors in bacteriophage T4 baseplate
      assembly. III. The carboxyl termini of protein P11 are required for assembly
      activity.
AB  - The assembly activity and electrophoretic mobility of a T4 bacteriophage
      baseplate protein, P11, have been found to be affected by digestion with the
      proteases trypsin, subtilisin and carboxypeptidase Y. Analysis of the trypsin
      limit-digestion product of P11 by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and size analysis by high performance liquid chromatography
      indicate that there is a decrease of approximately 5000 in the molecular weight
      of the P11 molecule or a loss of 2500 in Mr from each of the gp11 subunits of the
      dimer. During protease treatment P11 demonstrates a time-dependent loss in the
      ability to interact with the baseplate protein P10 to form the P(10/11) complex,
      the first assembly intermediate of the T4 baseplate 1/6th arm. Similar treatments
      of the P(10/11) complex indicate that P11 in the complex is not affected by these
      proteases. Concomitant with the loss of assembly activity is a change in the
      electrophoretic mobility of P11 on non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels from a
      single band to a series of more mobile bands suggesting sequential loss of
      positive charge. P11 assembly activity is completely lost after removal of the
      first positive charge. These results suggest that the carboxyl termini of the two
      gp11 subunits of the P11 molecule are involved in the interaction of P11 with P10
      to form the P(10/11) complex. Analysis of the portion of gp11 removed by
      carboxypeptidase Y demonstrates that there are up to 13 aliphatic and aromatic
      carboxyl-terminal amino acids.

PMID- 6387157
TI  - Long-term culture of contractile mammalian heart cells in a defined serum-free
      medium that limits non-muscle cell proliferation.
AB  - Myocardial cells are conventionally maintained in a healthy state in tissue
      culture by including animal serum in the incubation medium. However, serum
      containing media are complex, undefined, and variable mixtures of hormones,
      nutrients, binding proteins, growth factors and other constituents that may
      hinder biochemically defined experiments. In addition, serum-associated mitogens
      stimulate proliferation of non-myogenic cells that usually contaminate these
      cultures. Thus, long-term metabolic experiments on cultured cardiac cells usually
      involve a mixture of cell types. We demonstrate here that rat myocardial cells
      can be maintained in a viable, contractile state for many weeks in a simple serum
      free medium that contains certain chemically defined supplements. We screened
      various serum constituents that are known to be anabolic for myocardium, but that
      are not mitogenic for mesenchymal cells (e.g. fibroblasts). We found that a
      mixture of insulin, thyroid hormone, testosterone, and the iron-binding protein
      transferrin maintained levels of protein synthesis in myocardial cell cultures
      near the levels achieved with fetal bovine serum supplement, and reduced
      catabolism of proteins measured directly and by monitoring net changes in protein
      levels in the cultures. Although insulin alone accounted for the amelioration of
      protein balance, the other hormone supplements contributed to long-term
      preservation of contraction and morphologic integrity. In contrast to serum,
      these supplements alone or in combination did not support the proliferation of
      non-contractile fibroblastoid cells isolated from rat myocardium. Application of
      this novel approach should facilitate many types of heretofore difficult studies
      that require biochemical definition and cellular homogeneity.

PMID- 6387158
TI  - Sarcoidosis--the beginning: historical highlights of personalities and their
      accomplishments during the early years.
AB  - Sarcoidosis, an affliction of mankind named only as recently as this century, was
      first described by Hutchinson in 1878, and noted in a second patient, one Mrs.
      Mortimer, in 1898. In 1889, Besnier described lupus pernio.Boeck obtained skin
      biopsies in 1899. Kreibich described punched-out bone lesions in 1904. Darier and
      Roussy described subcutaneous nodules in 1906, and Heerfordt described
      uveoparotid fever in 1909. Schaumann synthesized the many diverse syndromes of
      sarcoidosis into a single disease in a prizewinning essay in 1914. Kveim biopsied
      the sarcoid skin test-site and established a diagnostic test in 1941.Lofgren
      described the bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy-erythema nodosum syndrome in 1946.
      In 1954, Israel and Sones helped establish sarcoidosis as an immunologic
      disorder. In 1963 Cummings compiled a bibliography on sarcoidosis, and in 1966
      Siltzbach conducted his renowned international Kveim test trial.At Howard
      University, Harden ignited an interest in sarcoidosis. In 1944 Johnson and Jason
      contributed to a description of cardiac involvement, while Cowan studied ocular
      involvement in sarcoidosis.

PMID- 6387159
TI  - Ultrasound contribution to the diagnosis of neonatal hydrometrocolpos with
      proximal vaginal atresia.
AB  - The value of ultrasound examination in a case of neonatal hydrometrocolpos is
      presented. Ultrasound proved the pelvic origin and the cystic nature of the mass,
      determinations essential to a correct diagnosis.

PMID- 6387160
TI  - Health professional emancipators: examples in excellence.

PMID- 6387162
TI  - Immunotoxicology: the cutting edge.

PMID- 6387161
TI  - The mutagenicities of seven coumarin derivatives and a furan derivative
      (nimbolide) isolated from three medicinal plants.
AB  - Seven coumarin derivatives (imperatorin, heraclenin, xanthotoxin, marmesin,
      chelepin, oxypeucedanin, esculin) and a furan derivative (nimbolide) were
      screened on 6 Ames tester strains (TA92, TA94, TA97, TA98, TA100, TA102). The
      eight compounds are chemicals isolated from three Nigerian medicinal plants:
      Afraegle paniculata, Clausena anisata, and Azadirachta indica. Different
      preparations of the former are taken by Nigerians for gut disturbances, and a
      concoction of the latter called "Agbo" is taken as an antimalarial. Marmesin and
      imperatorin were mutagenic in all tester strains except TA94 and TA102. The
      mutagenicity potencies of marmesin and imperatorin were 20 and 0.2 respectively.
      Mutagenicity was highest in TA98 and TA100 in both compounds. Marmesin was
      optimally mutagenic at a dose of 1.04 micrograms, and imperatorin at 30.0
      micrograms. Microsomal activation was not required for mutagenicity in both
      compounds.

PMID- 6387163
TI  - An evaluation of the EMIT st assay for the detection of tricyclic antidepressant
      drugs in plasma or serum.
AB  - The EMIT st assay for tricyclic antidepressant drugs (TADs) was evaluated for use
      as a screening technique in the detection of these drugs in serum or plasma. The
      qualitative assay was found to be rapid, easy to perform, requires no sample or
      reagent preparations, and reliably detected the TADs in patient samples at
      concentrations greater than or equal to 200 ng/mL. The technique also detected
      seventeen of nineteen patient samples with TAD concentrations ranging from 150
      199 ng/mL and ten of forty-three samples with concentrations less than 150 ng/mL.
      The EMIT st assay was found to be a reliable technique for detecting high
      concentrations of TADs and is well-suited for use in emergency drug screening
      situations.

PMID- 6387165
TI  - High-resolution real-time ultrasonography of the submandibular salivary gland.
AB  - Twenty "normal" volunteers underwent real-time ultrasound scanning of their
      submandibular salivary glands in an attempt to define the normal anatomy and
      ultrasound characteristics of these glands and their adjacent anatomy. It is
      possible to define the entire gland and portions of its duct, which measures less
      than 3 mm in diameter. Adjacent structures are easily seen and are constant in
      their relationships to the gland. Three case reports demonstrate the usefulness
      of this approach to various clinical problems. Real-time ultrasonography is an
      easily applied, non-ionizing modality to image the submandibular fossa.

PMID- 6387164
TI  - Current concepts of antimicrobial therapy--3.

PMID- 6387166
TI  - The femur length/head circumference relation in obstetric sonography.
AB  - The relationship of sonographic femur length to biparietal diameter (BPD) in
      utero may be useful in detecting short-limb dwarfism, hydrocephaly, microcephaly,
      and measurement errors. Because BPD can be adversely affected by head shape
      changes (e.g., dolichocephaly), falsely high or low values of femur length/BPD
      could result. Because head circumference is less affected by head shape changes
      than is BPD, it should be a better standard of head size against which to judge
      limb length. The authors report normal values for the relationship between femur
      length and head circumference, based on a cross-sectional analysis of 361 normal
      fetuses (15-42 weeks) using real-time ultrasound.

PMID- 6387167
TI  - Real-time neurosonography of the brain through calvarial defects with computed
      tomographic correlation.
AB  - Although real-time sonography is an excellent imaging modality for the neonatal
      brain, examination of the adult brain has been limited. Attempts to study the
      older subject through the ossified calvarium have resulted in poor quality and
      non-diagnostic images. Eighteen patients with various calvarial defects were
      examined for a variety of intracranial abnormalities. A mechanical sector scanner
      was used. Disease was clearly defined and accurate correlation with computed
      tomography resulted. Subjects without intracranial disease and patients with
      cerebral atrophy, porencephalic cysts, hydrocephalus, hematomas, and neoplasia
      were included in this study. The midline structures, ventricles and proximal
      midbrain structures were clearly visualized. This procedure appears useful to
      evaluate changes in the size of the ventricles and intracerebral masses in the
      postoperative patient.

PMID- 6387168
TI  - Ultrasonographic diagnosis of schistosomal periportal fibrosis.
AB  - Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis results from infestation by Schistosoma mansoni, a
      blood fluke. Presinusoidal periportal fibrosis is invariably the result of this
      infestation. The ultrasonic pattern of schistosomal periportal fibrosis in 22
      patients in whom schistosomal hepatic involvement was proven histologically is
      described. Echogenic areas of pipestem fibrosis seen as tubular shadows, some
      containing central lucencies, were present in every case. These tubular shadows
      conformed to the structure of the portal veins, producing a characteristic
      appearance. In endemic areas this appearance may be the only clue to the
      diagnosis of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, because patients may remain
      asymptomatic for years after the onset of the disease.

PMID- 6387169
TI  - Real-time vs static scanning.

PMID- 6387170
TI  - Sister chromatid exchange and ultrasound.
AB  - Reported effects of ultrasound on sister chromatid exchange have been
      contradictory. These studies are discussed and their results, including
      ultrasonic dosimetry and biologic considerations, are compared. In the few
      studies showing positive effects, the magnitude was small, and the effects
      occurred as a result of in vitro exposure. Based on a review of these reports,
      there does not appear to be sufficient reason to alter presently held views on
      the safety of clinical ultrasound.

PMID- 6387171
TI  - Ovarian hydatidiform mole.

PMID- 6387172
TI  - Effects of dipyrone on endotoxin-induced fever, central nervous depression and
      hypoglycaemia in sheep.
AB  - Sixteen sheep were divided into four groups and were given saline, Escherichia
      coli endotoxin at 35 micrograms/kg0.75, dipyrone at 88 mg/kg0.75, or endotoxin
      and dipyrone intravenously. Plasma glucose concentrations, rectal temperature and
      depression of central nervous function were assessed at hourly intervals for 10 h
      and again at 24 h. Dipyrone had no effect on normal sheep but in sheep given
      endotoxin, it blocked the febrile response and partially blocked the depression
      effect upon the central nervous system without affecting the hypoglycaemic
      response.

PMID- 6387173
TI  - Identification of bacteriophage T4D gene products 26 and 51 as baseplate hub
      structural components.
AB  - Products of two bacteriophage T4D genes, 26 and 51, both known to be essential
      for the formation of the central hub of the phage tail baseplate, have been
      partially characterized chemically, and their biological role has been examined.
      The gene 26 product was found to be a protein with a molecular size of 41,000
      daltons and the gene 51 product a protein of 16,500 daltons. The earlier proposal
      (L. M. Kozloff and J. Zorzopulos, J. Virol. 40:635-644), from observations of a
      40,000-dalton protein in labeled hubs, that the gene 26 product is a structural
      component of the baseplate, has been confirmed. The gene 51 product, not yet
      detected in phage particles, appears from indirect evidence also to be a
      structural component of the baseplate hub. These current conclusions about the
      gene 26 and 51 products are based on properties of T4 mutant particles containing
      altered gene 26 or 51 products and include (i) changes in heat lability, (ii)
      changes in adsorption rates, and (iii) changes in plating efficiencies on
      different hosts, and with the results of previous isotope incorporation
      experiments indicate that T4 particles contain three copies of the gene 26
      product and possibly one or at most two copies of the gene 51 product. Properties
      of these mutant particles indicate that the gene 26 product, together with the
      other hub components such as the gene 28 product, plays a critical role in phage
      DNA injection into the host cell, whereas the 51 product seems essential in
      initiating baseplate hub assembly.

PMID- 6387174
TI  - Vaccinia virus-induced ribonucleotide reductase can be distinguished from host
      cell activity.
AB  - Increased ribonucleotide reductase activity has been detected in vaccinia virus
      infected BSC-40 cells. We have studied certain biochemical and kinetic properties
      of CDP reduction in extracts from infected and uninfected cells. ATP inhibited
      reductase activity in crude extracts by rapid and extensive substrate
      phosphorylation. Substitution of adenylylimido-diphosphate (AMP-PNP), a
      noncleavable analog that functions as positive activator for reductase, but
      inhibits phosphorylation and cleavage of substrate, allowed us to reliably
      measure reductase activity. In the presence of AMP-PNP, CDP reduction by extracts
      from infected or uninfected cells was linear with time for 60 min and with enzyme
      concentration, except at very low enzyme levels. Activities from both sources
      were optimally active at pH 8.1. Variation of AMP-PNP and Mg2+ concentrations
      revealed, however, that in the absence of exogenous Mg2+, AMP-PNP strongly
      stimulated virus-induced CDP reduction, but inhibited endogenous CDP reduction.
      In the presence of the activator, increasing Mg2+ concentrations progressively
      inhibited the induced activity, but stimulated the endogenous activity up to a
      1:2 Mg2+/activator molar ratio. The vaccinia virus-induced activity was highly
      dependent on AMP-PNP and was not detectable over underlying cellular activity in
      its absence. Determination of substrate kinetics with respect to CDP revealed a
      threefold-lower Km for the virus-induced enzyme as compared with the cellular
      enzyme. These data suggest, but do not prove, that a novel ribonucleotide
      reductase is expressed on infection by vaccinia virus.

PMID- 6387176
TI  - Multiplicity reactivation of bacteriophage T7 inactivated by methyl
      methanesulfonate.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to determine whether phage T7 treated with methyl
      methanesulfonate used multiplicity reactivation to repair alkylation lesions.
      This type of repair was found to be operative at high multiplicities in actively
      growing wild-type Escherichia coli B cells.

PMID- 6387175
TI  - Vaccinia virus induces ribonucleotide reductase in primate cells.
AB  - Infection of monkey kidney (BSC-40) cells with vaccinia virus strain WR resulted
      in a marked increase in ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase (EC 1.17.4.1)
      activity as measured by CDP reduction in cell-free extracts. After a synchronous
      infection, increased activity was detected at 2 h, peaked at 4 to 5 h, and then
      declined between 6 and 8 h to the endogenous cellular level. The induction,
      detectable at 0.5 PFU/cell, correlated strongly with multiplicity of infection to
      10 PFU/cell and continued to increase to 50 PFU/cell. It paralleled the
      previously described induction of viral DNA polymerase and thymidine kinase,
      suggesting that the reductase may also be a product of early transcription of the
      viral genome. The inhibition of DNA synthesis throughout infection resulted in
      prolonged accumulation of reductase activity and delayed and incomplete down
      regulation at 8 h, suggesting that repression involves late functions. Rescue of
      fluorodeoxyuridine-inhibited DNA synthesis with exogenous thymidine restored the
      normal pattern. Preferential association of the induced reductase with the
      cytoplasmic sites of vaccinia virus DNA replication (virosomes) was not detected.
      The induced enzyme is similar in several respects to other eucaryotic
      ribonucleotide reductases, but is distinct from host cell reductase in response
      to certain modulators of reductase activity (M. B. Slabaugh and Christopher K.
      Mathews, J. Virol. 52:501-506, 1984). Full activity required an activator,
      exogenous reducing equivalents, and iron. Hydroxyurea, EDTA, dATP, and dTTP
      inhibited CDP reduction, setting this reductase apart from T4 reductase, which is
      not inhibited by dATP, and from herpesvirus reductase, which requires no
      activation and is insensitive to deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate inhibition.

PMID- 6387177
TI  - Genetic analysis of dar, uvsW, and uvsY in bacteriophage T4: dar and uvsW are
      alleles.
AB  - A genetic study of the T4 dar (DNA arrested synthesis restoration) mutations was
      performed by two- and three-factor crosses. The dar mutations restore the
      viability of gene 59 mutants. Mapping studies of the dar mutations indicated that
      the dar gene extended over 16 map units. This high recombination frequency is
      attributed to an increased level of recombination in the dar region. Two other
      mutations, uvsY and uvsW, known to be located in the vicinity of dar, were
      studied. These studies indicated that the uvsY and dar mutations were located in
      separate genes but that dar and uvsW were allelic. The genes are ordered as
      follows: gene 24, dar(uvsW), uvsY, and gene 25 in clockwise order.

PMID- 6387178
TI  - In vitro enhancement of human natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity by purified
      influenza virus glycoproteins.
AB  - The role of the glycoproteins of influenza virus, hemagglutinin (HA), and
      neuraminidase (NA) in the in vitro stimulation of natural cell-mediated
      cytotoxicity (NCMC) or natural killer activity of human peripheral blood
      lymphocytes was evaluated with radiolabeled K562 cells as target cells in an
      overnight chromium release assay. Three different approaches were used. (i)
      Purified viral proteins were obtained by extraction with Nonidet P-40, separation
      on a sucrose gradient, and further purification by affinity chromatography.
      Ficoll-Hypaque-purified peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed to HA or NA
      individually or to a mixture of both significantly increased NCMC (32 to 50%).
      (ii) Treatment of HA and NA with their respective homologous antisera or F(ab')2
      antibody abrogated the stimulation of NCMC by these glycoproteins. (iii) Virions
      treated with proteolytic enzymes resulted in viral cores lacking either HA or NA
      or both activities. Compared to whole virions, viral cores devoid of HA activity
      only induced a 50% increase in NCMC, whereas viral cores lacking HA activity and
      with traces of NA activity stimulated only 10% of the NCMC. These results suggest
      that influenza virus-induced cell-mediated cytotoxicity is largely due to its
      glycoproteins.

PMID- 6387179
TI  - Urothelial hyperplasia and neoplasia: a response to chronic urinary tract
      infections in rats.
AB  - The rat was used as an animal model to examine the effect of foreign bodies and
      long term infection (24 weeks) on bladder epithelium. Stainless steel wire
      implants and multiple injections of Escherichia coli were compared to control rat
      bladders by gross observation, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
      Hyperplastic alterations, (papilloma, von Brunn's nests), dysplasia (squamous
      metaplasia, microvilli) and early lesions consistent with neoplasia occurred in
      rats with bladder implants and multiple bacterial injections but not in controls.
      Epithelial changes were not associated with sterile bladder implants. Bladder
      papillomata could be observed as early as 2 weeks in rats having both an implant
      and an infection, but the majority of hyperplastic and early neoplastic-like
      changes occurred after 6 weeks. Long-term infections, both with and without a
      bladder implant, can lead to lesions consistent with neoplasia in bladder
      epithelium.

PMID- 6387181
TI  - 25-year experience with replacement of the human bladder (Camey procedure).
AB  - The Camey enterocystoplasty is a technique for constructing a functional,
      continent bladder in male patients following cystoprostatectomy for carcinoma.
      The technique is described and 84 patients treated during a 25-year interval are
      reviewed.

PMID- 6387180
TI  - Malignant melanoma of the genitourinary tract.

PMID- 6387182
TI  - Ultrasound diagnosis of small asymptomatic bladder carcinoma in patients referred
      for gynecological scan.
AB  - We report on 4 patients with bladder cancer detected during pelvic ultrasound for
      gynecological indications without urinary symptoms. Only 1 of the 4 patients had
      hematuria. All 4 patients were treated by cystoscopic excisional biopsy and no
      further operation was required. We stress that the bladder often is forgotten
      during pelvic ultrasound and that sonography is a sensitive, noninvasive tool to
      examine the bladder.

PMID- 6387183
TI  - A randomized comparison of 1-day versus 10-day antibacterial treatment of
      documented lower urinary tract infection.
AB  - We randomized 58 women with lower urinary tract infection diagnosed on bilateral
      ureteral catheterization studies to a 1-day or 10-day treatment regimen. The
      study revealed that 1-day adequate antibacterial treatment was as effective as 10
      day treatment for lower urinary tract infection. Sterile urine was obtained in
      all 27 women (100 per cent) given 1-day treatment and in 30 of 31 (97 per cent)
      given 10-day therapy. Three weeks after the 1-day treatment significantly more
      postmenopausal women had infected urine than premenopausal women. This difference
      was not seen in the 10-day group. We conclude that 1-day treatment is sufficient
      for the cure of lower urinary tract infection in women.

PMID- 6387184
TI  - Single-day treatment with trimethoprim for asymptomatic bacteriuria in the
      elderly patient.
AB  - Recent reports have demonstrated an association between bacteriuria and excess
      mortality. Therefore, 40 inpatients 60 or more years old with asymptomatic
      bacteriuria participated in a double-blind trial to assess the effect of 1-day
      treatment with trimethoprim. The patients were allocated randomly to receive 100
      mg. trimethoprim (20 patients) or placebo (20 patients) to be taken in the
      morning and evening for 1 day. All patients treated with trimethoprim obtained
      sterile urine, whereas all patients treated with placebo remained bacteriuric (p
      less than 0.002). No side effects were recorded. However, many of the cured
      patients suffered rapid reinfection. Of the 20 initially cured patients 14 (70
      per cent, 95 per cent confidence limits 46 to 88 per cent) had recurrent
      bacteriuria after 6 weeks, indicating that although this treatment is effective
      immediately it imparts no long-term effect.

PMID- 6387185
TI  - The natural history of prenatal hydronephrosis with normal amounts of amniotic
      fluid.
AB  - Thirteen cases of fetal hydronephrosis associated initially with normal volumes
      of amniotic fluid were diagnosed by maternal sonography. No invasive procedures
      were done in utero. Postnatal evaluation demonstrated 8 neonates with urinary
      tract obstruction and 5 normal neonates. Long-term followup of these 13 patients
      revealed that 12 are healthy and have normal renal function. The exception is a
      child whose amniotic fluid decreased during pregnancy. Our data suggest that
      fetuses with normal volumes of amniotic fluid do well. Treatment should be
      limited to frequent prenatal sonography and subsequent early postnatal
      evaluation. Caution should be exercised with the diagnosis of hydronephrosis,
      since 5 of our patients had false positive findings. In the rare instances when
      oligohydramnios develops during pregnancy fetal intervention may be warranted.

PMID- 6387187
TI  - Multicystic renal dysplasia masquerading as ureteropelvic junction obstruction.
AB  - Multicystic dysplastic kidney usually is identified easily by ultrasound
      examination, and treatment decisions are based upon the diagnosis and clinical
      status of the patient. We report on 3 newborns in whom renal ultrasound findings
      were strikingly similar to severe neonatal ureteropelvic junction obstruction but
      operation revealed multicystic dysplastic kidney.

PMID- 6387186
TI  - Acute renal failure due to perirenal hematoma complicating open renal biopsy.
AB  - Diminished renal concentration and excretion of intravenous radiographic contrast
      medium are cardinal findings in perirenal hematoma. However, despite a high
      incidence of perirenal hematoma after renal biopsy acute renal failure has not
      been described in this setting. A case of oliguric acute renal failure owing to
      perirenal hematoma after open biopsy of a solitary kidney is reported.

PMID- 6387188
TI  - Secondary carcinoma of the penis.
AB  - Secondary tumors of the penis are rare. The genitourinary and gastrointestinal
      tracts are the most common sites of origin. Immunoperoxidase tissue stains are
      useful in determining the primary site of secondary tumors of the penis. We
      report 2 such cases with primary tumors in the colon and rectum.

PMID- 6387189
TI  - Four cases of metastases to the penis and a review of the literature.
AB  - Penile metastases are rare and usually are secondary to other genitourinary
      primaries. Approximately 200 cases have been reported. Survival for more than 1
      year is unusual, and multiple metastases have been present in all autopsied
      cases. Occasional survival longer than 5 years has occurred with surgical
      excision, suggesting the possibility of cure for those patients in whom control
      of the primary has been achieved and who show no other clinical metastatic
      lesions.

PMID- 6387190
TI  - Analysis of femoral artery Doppler signals by LaPlace transform damping method.
AB  - The LaPlace transform damping (LTD) method of common femoral artery Doppler
      waveform analysis is a new method for assessing aortoiliac stenosis. A
      microcomputer was used to analyze the waveform to determine the value of the
      damping parameter, which is related to inflow stenosis. The study included 60
      limbs with arterial disease and 20 limbs in normal control subjects. With a
      damping value of 0.60 used as the cutoff point between nonocclusive lesions and
      iliac stenoses of greater than 50% diameter reduction, we found a sensitivity of
      100% and a specificity of 93% (overall accuracy 95%). Unlike Doppler waveform
      analysis by the pulsatility index method, the accuracy of the LTD method is not
      affected by occlusion of the superficial femoral artery. The Doppler signal
      processor and the computer currently used for the LTD analysis are simple to
      operate and fully suitable for routine use in a clinical vascular laboratory. Our
      experience indicates that the LTD method of waveform analysis provides the best
      noninvasive method for detection of significant inflow disease.

PMID- 6387191
TI  - Conformational stress and anastomotic hyperplasia.
AB  - Late failure of synthetic vascular grafts to small-diameter arteries (less than
      or equal to 4 mm) is commonly due to anastomotic hyperplasia. Theoretic analysis
      suggests that conformational changes at the anastomosis lead to high localized
      arterial wall stress caused by increases in radius of curvature of the artery
      (law of Laplace: tension = pressure X radius). Nine 3 kg rabbits had a plastic
      insert implanted into the infrarenal aorta. The insert was designed to recreate
      the conformational changes caused by the anastomosis of a synthetic graft to a
      small-diameter artery, without significantly altering blood flow. The increase in
      arterial wall tension created by the insert was calculated to be 80% to 100% over
      baseline values. Aortography, real-time ultrasound, and computed tomography (CT)
      scanning were done to confirm the absence of luminal thrombus formation or
      migration of the insert. Ultrasound and CT scans also confirmed the desired
      conformational changes in the aorta at the site of the insert. Aortas, with the
      inserts in place, were removed from 3 days to 6 months after implantation.
      Implantation times of 1 to 6 months resulted in a hyperplastic subintimal lesion
      characterized by fibrous tissue deposition, spindle cells (which may have been
      fibroblasts), and/or smooth muscle cells covered by endothelium. In contrast, two
      rabbits that had the insert placed and then removed at 1 minute and were allowed
      to survive for 37 and 72 days, respectively, demonstrated complete healing of the
      aorta without anastomotic hyperplasia. The arterial wall conformational changes
      induced in this experiment led to the formation of a lesion consistent with
      anastomotic hyperplasia. An increase in wall tension may have been the stimulus
      for this response. Prevention of anastomotic hyperplasia may require a means of
      uniting a graft to an artery without increasing wall tension.

PMID- 6387192
TI  - Thrombectomy with temporary arteriovenous fistula: the treatment of choice in
      acute iliofemoral venous thrombosis.
AB  - The treatment of choice in acute iliofemoral venous thrombosis is still
      controversial. This prospective randomized study compares the results of
      conventional anticoagulation of 32 patients with the results obtained in 31
      patients undergoing acute thrombectomy combined with a temporary arteriovenous
      fistula and anticoagulation. Early complications were few in both treatment
      groups, and significant pulmonary embolism developed in only one conservatively
      treated patient. At 6-month follow-up in all surviving patients, leg swelling,
      varicose veins, and venous claudication were more frequent after conservative
      treatment. Only 7% (2 of 27) of these patients were completely free from
      postthrombotic symptoms compared with 42% (10 of 24) of the operated patients (p
      less than 0.005). Contrast phlebography demonstrated an excellent venous outflow
      through the iliofemoral segment in 35% (9 of 26) of the conservatively treated
      and in 76% (16 of 21) of the operated patients (p less than 0.025). Open
      femoropopliteal veins with competent valves were recorded in 26% (7 of 27) in the
      conservative group and in 52% (12 of 23) in the thrombectomy group (p less than
      0.05). Thus thrombectomy combined with arteriovenous fistula decreases early
      symptoms and preserves venous outflow and valvular function better than
      conservative treatment. This procedure is therefore recommended for young
      patients with acute iliofemoral thrombosis to avoid development of incapacitating
      postthrombotic sequelae.

PMID- 6387193
TI  - Spontaneous diabetes mellitus in a captive golden-mantled ground squirrel,
      Spermophilus lateralis (Say).

PMID- 6387194
TI  - A review of osseous regenerative procedures and representative case reports.

PMID- 6387195
TI  - Cystic fibrosis research looks promising.

PMID- 6387196
TI  - Lipid Research Clinics Program.

PMID- 6387197
TI  - Migraine prevention with timolol. A double-blind crossover study.
AB  - One hundred seven patients (77 women and 30 men) with migraine headache were
      given prophylactic treatment with timolol maleate, 20 to 30 mg/day, or matching
      placebo during a 20-week, double-blind crossover study. Among the 94 patients who
      completed the study, timolol was significantly better than placebo in terms of
      decrease in frequency of headaches from baseline, numbers of patients who had a
      50% reduction in headache frequency, global response, and patient preference.
      Overall global response rates were 65% with timolol compared with 40% with
      placebo. The severity and duration of headaches that occurred were unchanged. Few
      side effects were reported with either timolol or placebo. The study demonstrates
      that the beta-blocker timolol is a safe and effective treatment in patients with
      frequent migraine headaches.

PMID- 6387198
TI  - Physician practice patterns under hospital rate-setting programs.
AB  - Earlier studies of hospital rate-setting programs have focused primarily on their
      ability to contain the growth in hospital utilization and expenditures. While
      most analysts recognize the central role physicians play in influencing health
      care utilization and expenditures, regulatory programs have been directed
      primarily at the hospital. At this time, it is unclear what impact, if any, these
      programs have had on physicians. Our study presents a preliminary analysis of
      this issue based on data from 1978 to 1982. When we compared average incomes,
      fees, and utilization of physician services in states with hospital rate
      regulations with those in states without such programs, we found significant
      differences. Average net incomes grew at a 1.9% slower annual rate in states with
      strict hospital regulatory programs. If hospital regulation is having some impact
      on physicians, both the physician and hospital sector should be considered when
      evaluating the ability of these programs to contain health care costs.

PMID- 6387199
TI  - MAST suit update.
AB  - In recent years, the use of the MAST suit has become commonplace. While no
      controlled human studies have shown the device's efficacy, extensive clinical
      experience suggests that it is practical and useful in combating shock,
      stabilizing fractures, and promoting hemostasis. Studies indicate that the
      antishock trousers elevate blood pressure primarily by increasing peripheral
      vascular resistance. Proper application and removal of the device are crucial. A
      number of potential complications exist, but are infrequent and rarely should
      preclude MAST suit use. Further studies are necessary to prove the efficacy of
      the device and clearly define its role in patient management.

PMID- 6387201
TI  - Diffuse collagen disease.

PMID- 6387200
TI  - Abnormal insulin molecules: an alternative cause of diabetes?

PMID- 6387202
TI  - Reporting results from chemotherapy trials. Does response make a difference in
      patient survival?
AB  - Patients with many common tumors are treated with chemotherapy despite limited
      evidence of treatment effectiveness. To determine if chemotherapy trials
      reporting effectiveness actually demonstrated increased survival in treated
      patients, we reviewed trials published over a two-year period involving four
      common solid tumors. Of 80 studies, 95% reported response to chemotherapy as an
      end point. Of 38 studies demonstrating 15% or greater objective response, 76%
      reported significantly greater survival of responders than of nonresponders. Of
      21 studies containing statements supporting treatment effectiveness, 95% based
      this claim at least in part on the superior survival of responders compared with
      nonresponders. Because responders may have lived longer without treatment, such
      comparisons are not valid and may lead to overly optimistic views of chemotherapy
      effectiveness. Journal editors should be wary of allowing survival comparisons
      between responders and nonresponders in published reports.

PMID- 6387203
TI  - Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. Differential diagnosis by determination of the
      species of circulating insulin.
AB  - Hypoglycemia when associated with hyperinsulinemia is usually a consequence of an
      insulinoma or the administration of either insulin or an insulin secretagogue.
      This report describes 14 patients with hypoglycemia whose diagnosis was clarified
      by the use of a species-specific insulin radioimmunoassay. Eleven of the 14
      patients had elevated levels of animal insulin due to surreptitious accidental or
      malicious administration of insulin. Three of the 14 patients had
      hyperinsulinemia as the result of excessive human insulin release and were found
      to have either intrinsic pancreatic disease or secretagogue-mediated insulin
      release.

PMID- 6387204
TI  - The immunology of exercise. A brief review.
AB  - Many athletes believe that habitual exercise protects them against infection.
      This article reviews ten studies of the effects of exercise on various host
      defense factors. Exercise produced a transient granulocytosis and lymphocytosis,
      and in some studies, lymphocyte function was reported to have been enhanced.
      Serum immunoglobulin and complement levels were not significantly altered in the
      small number of subjects studied. Two recent studies showed that exercise
      produced an increase in circulating endogenous pyrogen in man. Since it now
      appears that endogenous pyrogen is identical to interleukin-1, a product of
      mononuclear cells that enhances lymphocyte function, it may play a role in host
      defense. Further studies will be needed before it can be concluded that exercise
      effects the host response to infection in any clinically meaningful way.

PMID- 6387205
TI  - Fulminant delta hepatitis in chronic hepatitis B infection.
AB  - Two male homosexual patients, one an intravenous (IV) drug abuser, had hepatitis
      B surface antigen-positive fulminant hepatitis. On the basis of tests for IgM
      antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) and for IgM and IgG antibodies to
      delta agent, acute delta hepatitis in chronic hepatitis B infection was
      diagnosed. The delta agent appeared to have a role in producing fulminant hepatic
      failure. Accurate diagnosis of fulminant hepatitis may be impossible without
      recourse to tests for IgM antibody to HBcAg and antibodies to delta agent.
      Although delta hepatitis in the United States primarily affects IV drug abusers,
      this infection can also occur in male homosexuals.

PMID- 6387206
TI  - Intervention trial begins with young smokers.

PMID- 6387207
TI  - Effect of nicotine chewing gum in smoking cessation. A randomized, placebo
      controlled, double-blind study.
AB  - The effect of 2-mg nicotine chewing gum as an adjunct to group therapy for
      smoking cessation was studied in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized
      trial. After one year, 29% of the 106 subjects treated with nicotine chewing gum
      had remained abstinent throughout the year compared with 16% of the 99 subjects
      treated with placebo. The results were confirmed by measurement of levels of
      expired CO. More subjects in the nicotine group (70/94 v 45/93) reported that the
      gum reduced the craving for smoking. The adverse effects were few and not
      serious. In the nicotine group, 3% were still using the nicotine gum after two
      years. No subjects in the placebo group used the chewing gum beyond six months.
      Nicotine chewing gum is effective in improving the success rates in smoking
      cessation based on group therapy.

PMID- 6387208
TI  - Nicotine gum to help stop smoking.
AB  - A nicotine gum has been approved as a prescription drug to help smokers stop
      smoking. This article reviews the rationale, pharmacology, efficacy, adverse
      effects, and method of use of the gum. Several randomized trials, including
      double-blind placebo-controlled studies, indicate nicotine gum improves long-term
      quit rates. The efficacy of the gum seems to be due to its ability to relieve
      withdrawal symptoms. Successful use of the gum depends on appropriate
      instructions, expectancies, and adjunct therapies. How effective the gum will be
      when used in general medical practice, to whom it is best to prescribe the gum,
      and what proportion of smokers will become dependent on the gum are still
      unclear.

PMID- 6387209
TI  - Fat emulsions and hypertriglyceridemia.

PMID- 6387210
TI  - Effect on exercise tolerance and pharmacokinetics of conventional and sustained
      release preparations of propranolol in patients with angina pectoris--a double
      blind cross-over study.
AB  - Ten patients with effort angina were studied in a randomized double-blind cross
      over trial in order to investigate the effect of sustained release propranolol
      (LA) and conventional propranolol (Prop) formulations on exercise tolerance. LA
      was given once daily and Prop three times daily. Treadmill exercise tests were
      performed using the Bruce protocol and the plasma propranolol levels were
      measured. The following results were obtained: LA proved to have an anti-anginal
      effect similar to Prop. No adverse reactions were observed after administration
      of either of the drugs. Similar suppressive effect of the heart rate, blood
      pressure and double product at rest and on exercise was seen after LA and Prop
      while the exercise capacity was increased. The plasma level of propranolol was
      higher at 2 hours after Prop than LA administration, but there was no difference
      between LA and Prop at 4 and 24 hours after administration. The plasma
      propranolol level at 4 hours after LA correlated with the percent reduction in
      exercise heart rate and with the percent reduction in the double product. Our
      study suggested that once-a-day administration of LA could improve patients'
      compliance and adds another choice to the list of clinically useful beta-blockers
      for the treatment of angina pectoris on effort.

PMID- 6387211
TI  - Surgical implications of the pathophysiology of advanced valvular heart disease.
AB  - The pathophysiology of advanced valvular heart disease and its clinical
      implications were analyzed. The study was undertaken primarily on 153 recent
      patients with implantation of central flow valves. The operative mortality rate
      was 3.9%, with deaths except one related to LOS. There was a higher incidence of
      LOS in left ventricular volume-overloaded hearts, and a much higher incidence in
      patients associated with TR: 70% of TR cases with RVEDP higher than 15 mmHg
      developed LOS. Cardiac contractile reserve proved to be useful index for
      predicting immediate postoperative and long-term results; less favorable results
      were indicated in patients with PWE below 10 mm even after epinephrine infusion.
      In volume-overloaded hearts, the muscle cell diameter of the left ventricle
      increased proportionally to the dimension of the left ventricle, with
      interstitial fibrosis representing irreversible morphological change. Patients
      with a prolonged indocyanine green disappearance rate showed fibrosis of the
      liver and were complicated more frequently by LOS, hepatic and renal disturbance
      and increased mortality. Patients with cardiac cachexia were liable to develop
      LOS postoperatively, and preoperative GIK therapy appeared to be effective in
      improving depressed metabolism and hemodynamics, except in patients with severe
      TR.

PMID- 6387212
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies of cefaclor in oral surgery].
AB  - Fundamental and clinical studies on cefaclor (CCL) have been performed and the
      following results were obtained. CCL was orally administered to NZW rabbits at
      the dose of 20 mg/kg, and its concentrations in blood and various tissues of oral
      organs were determined. Pattern of change in its blood concentration after the
      administration was similar to that of change in its concentration in the tissues
      of oral organs. Its concentration in blood was the highest followed by gingiva,
      parotid gland, submandibular gland, cervical lymph node and tongue in descending
      order. Comparative studies of CCL against cephalexin (CEX) were conducted in 5
      healthy volunteers with cross over method. The 5 volunteers were orally given 500
      mg of CCL or CEX at 1 dose after meal. Peak blood levels of CCL and CEX were 14.8
      micrograms/ml at 2 hours and 11.5 micrograms/ml at 3 hours, respectively. The
      dose of 750 or 1,500 mg/day of CCL in 3 divided doses was orally administered to
      71 patients with acute purulent infections in oral tissues for 3 to 13 days.
      Evaluation of effect was determined by the criteria for evaluation of
      antimicrobial agents in oral surgery. Out of the 70 patients, excellent clinical
      response was observed in 18 patients, good in 40, and poor in 12. Effective rate
      was 83%. In vitro antibacterial activities (MIC) of CCL and CEX were studied in
      74 out of 81 strains (41 from aerobes and 40 from anaerobes) isolated from 47
      patients. CCL showed stronger antibacterial activities than CEX. MICs of CCL
      against 30 strains of Gram-positive anaerobes were distributed from 0.10 to 3.13
      micrograms/ml with a peak of 0.78 micrograms/ml. As adverse reaction due to CCL,
      eruption was observed in only 1 patient. Laboratory tests in 61 patients who
      received CCL showed elevation of GOT in 1 patient and elevation of GOT and GPT in
      1 patient. From the above fundamental and clinical results, CCL was considered to
      be a useful antibiotic for the treatment of acute purulent infections caused by
      aerobes and anaerobes in oral surgery field.

PMID- 6387214
TI  - [Enterohepatic circulation of bile acids].

PMID- 6387213
TI  - [Comparison of in vitro activity of first, second and third generation cephem
      antibiotics against various pathogens isolated from clinical materials in 1983].
AB  - In vitro susceptibilities of 3,286 strains of various pathogens isolated from
      clinical materials in 1983 to various cephem antibiotics were studied using the
      Showa disk diffusion test. The following antibiotics were evaluated: cephalexin
      (CEX), cephalothin (CET), cefazolin (CEZ), cefotiam (CTM), cefoxitin (CFX),
      cefmetazole (CMZ), cefotaxime (CTX), cefoperazone (CPZ), ceftizoxime (CZX),
      cefmenoxime (CMX) and latamoxef (LMOX). S. aureus: Susceptible strains to CET,
      CEZ, CTM, CFX and CMZ with MIC less than 15 micrograms/ml accounted for 93, 75,
      93, 70 and 96% of the strains tested, while those to CTX, CPZ, CZX, CMX and LMOX
      for 89, 65, 61, 86 and 62%, respectively. Susceptible strains to CEX at MICs less
      than or equal to 20 micrograms/ml were 60%. Prevalence of bacterial resistance to
      CEX and CEZ, which have been used extensively, was greater than that to CET, CTM
      or CMZ, showing a bimodal distribution of MICs. The third generation cephems
      studied, in general, also showed bimodal distributions of MICs. S. pyogenes: All
      strains studied were susceptible to CET, CTX, CPZ, CZX, CMX and LMOX at MICs less
      than or equal to 15 micrograms/ml. However, susceptible strains to CEZ, CTM, CFX
      and CMZ accounted for 95, 95, 80 and 90%, respectively, while those to CEX at
      MICs less than or equal to 20 micrograms/ml for 79%. S. pneumoniae: At MICs less
      than 3 micrograms/ml, all strains were susceptible to all cephem antibiotics
      tested. S. faecalis: Only a very few strains were susceptible to these
      antibiotics. E. coli, K. pneumoniae and Proteus spp.: Susceptible strains of E.
      coli and K. pneumoniae to CEX at MICs less than or equal to 20 micrograms/ml
      accounted for 80 and 81% of the strains tested, while those of indole negative
      and positive Proteus for 69 and 4%, respectively. Strains of E. coli susceptible
      to CET, CEZ, CTM, CFX and CMZ at MICs less than or equal to 15 micrograms/ml were
      78 to 96%, while those to CTX, CPZ, CZX, CMX and LMOX were 94 to 100%. Those of
      K. pneumoniae to these 2 groups of antibiotics were 81 to 95% and 94 to 100%,
      respectively. Susceptible strains of indole negative Proteus to the former group
      were 81 to 93% and those to the latter were 100%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 6387215
TI  - [Conjugation and deconjugation of bile acids].

PMID- 6387216
TI  - [Unusual bile acids].

PMID- 6387217
TI  - [Radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay of bile acids].

PMID- 6387218
TI  - [Abnormal bile acids in obstructive jaundice].

PMID- 6387219
TI  - [Effects of alcohol and medication on bile acid metabolism].

PMID- 6387220
TI  - [Dissolution of biliary calculi with CDCA and UDCA].

PMID- 6387221
TI  - [Stem cells and differentiation of blood cells. Progress of experimental studies
      and clinical application].

PMID- 6387223
TI  - [Microcomputer-assisted interpretive reporting with analysis of multiphasic
      laboratory measurements in clinical chemistry].

PMID- 6387222
TI  - [Relationship between phenotype and pathophysiology of dyslipoproteinemia].

PMID- 6387224
TI  - [A sensitive assay of C-reactive protein in the serum and various body fluids by
      ELISA].

PMID- 6387225
TI  - [Detection of patent coronary bypass grafts by digital subtraction angiography].

PMID- 6387226
TI  - [Immunopathological studies on cutaneous amyloidosis: observations on interaction
      of amyloid substances, the dermo-epidermal junction and infiltrates in the
      dermis].

PMID- 6387227
TI  - [Prostaglandins in the rat gastric mucosa (10th report). Effect of beta
      cyclodextrin clathrate of 2-benzyloxycarbonylphenyl trans-4
      guanidinomethylcyclohexanecarboxylate hydrocholine (TA903) on mucosal
      prostaglandins].

PMID- 6387228
TI  - [A case of aplasia of the pancreatic body and tail].

PMID- 6387229
TI  - [Clinical significance of beta 2-microglobulin in serum and cerebrospinal fluid
      (CSF) in childhood].

PMID- 6387230
TI  - [Evaluation of diagnostic efficiency of intelligence program for automatic
      diagnosis of circumferential profiles of myocardial short axial SPECT].

PMID- 6387231
TI  - [Basic and clinical evaluations of Phadebas beta 2-micro test with improved kit].

PMID- 6387232
TI  - [Bioethics seminar. 9. Implications of gene therapy].

PMID- 6387233
TI  - Bullous amyloidosis associated with Bence Jones proteinemia without proteinuria.
AB  - A 74 yo female was found to have bullous dermal amyloidosis on the background of
      systemic amyloidosis with multiple myeloma. There was monoclonal immunoglobulin
      light chain of kappa type in the serum with no proteinuria (Bence Jones
      proteinemia without Bence Jones proteinuria), along with proliferations of kappa
      producing plasma cells in the marrow.

PMID- 6387234
TI  - Clinical studies on primary glomerular disease.

PMID- 6387235
TI  - Medical problems at birth and death.

PMID- 6387236
TI  - [Clinical experience of 100 renal transplantation].

PMID- 6387237
TI  - [Immunohistochemical localization of the bacterial antigen in the malacoplakia of
      the urinary bladder].

PMID- 6387238
TI  - Incompatibility groups of R plasmids in Escherichia coli isolated from animal
      waste.

PMID- 6387239
TI  - Phorbol diesters and cellular differentiation.

PMID- 6387240
TI  - Covalent modification of DNA by antineoplastic agents.

PMID- 6387241
TI  - Morbidity and mortality reduction by supplemental vitamin A or beta-carotene in
      CBA mice given total-body gamma-radiation.
AB  - Male CBA mice received graded doses (450-750 rad) of total-body gamma-radiation
      (TBR) from a dual-beam 137Cs irradiator. Commencing directly after TBR, 2 days
      later, or 6 days later, groups of mice received supplemental vitamin A (Vit A) or
      beta-carotene (beta-Car), compounds previously found to reduce radiation disease
      in mice subjected to partial-body X-irradiation. Given directly after TBR,
      supplemental Vit A decreased mortality, evidenced by increases in the radiation
      dose required to kill 50% of the mice within 30 days (LD50/30). In one
      experiment, Vit A increased the LD50/30 from 555 to 620 rad; in another
      experiment, Vit A increased the dose from 505 to 630 rad. Similarly, in a third
      experiment, supplemental beta-Car increased the LD50/30 from 510 to 645 rad.
      Additionally, each compound increased the survival times, even of those mice that
      died within 30 days. In addition to reduction of mortality and prolongation of
      survival time, supplemental Vit A moderated weight loss, adrenal gland hyperemia,
      thymus involution, and lymphopenia--all signs of radiation toxicity. Delaying the
      supplementation for 2 days after irradiation did not greatly reduce the efficacy
      of Vit A; however, delaying supplementation for 6 days decreased its effect
      almost completely.

PMID- 6387242
TI  - Pathogenesis of desmoplasia. I. Immunofluorescence identification and
      localization of some structural proteins of line 1 and line 10 guinea pig tumors
      and of healing wounds.
AB  - The structural proteins of the scirrhous line 1 and the medullary line 10 bile
      duct carcinomas, both syngeneic in strain 2 Sewall-Wright inbred guinea pigs,
      were studied. Tumor structural proteins were compared with those of healing
      wounds. A provisional stromal matrix of cross-linked fibrin and fibronectin was
      initially deposited in both tumors and wounds and was subsequently replaced by
      granulation tissue containing collagen types I and III. The amounts of stromal
      fibrin-fibronectin and collagen were characteristic of each tumor: Line 1
      contained significantly greater amounts than line 10. These differences were
      augmented when line 1 tumor rejection was prevented with cyclosporine, permitting
      time for stromal maturation. In tumors and wounds laminin and collagen type IV
      were found only in basement membranes. The findings suggest that 1) tumor
      desmoplasia is analogous to wound healing, 2) both processes involve replacement
      of an antecedent fibrin-fibronectin provisional matrix, 3) the extent of fibrin
      fibronectin is characteristic of each tumor, and 4) tumor desmoplasia correlates
      with the amount of fibrin-fibronectin matrix deposited.

PMID- 6387243
TI  - [Dihydralazine in the treatment of bradycardia in the sick sinus syndrome].

PMID- 6387244
TI  - [Effect of meals on the cardiovascular system in ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 6387245
TI  - [Idiopathic orthostatic hypotension--humoral disorders].

PMID- 6387246
TI  - [Our experience with the treatment of cardiogenic shock in recent myocardial
      infarction with dopamine and sodium nitroprusside].

PMID- 6387247
TI  - [Evaluation of the functional state of the myocardium in ischemic heart disease
      by means of echocardiography].

PMID- 6387248
TI  - [Relation between concentrations of lipids, carbohydrates, fibrinogen and thyroid
      hormone and insulin levels in the blood of patients with chronic forms of
      ischemic heart disease].
AB  - Seventy-five patients with chronic coronary heart disease (CHD), aged 41 to 65
      years, were studied for levels of triiodothyronine, total and free thyroxin and
      immunoreactive insulin. Simultaneously, the glucose tolerance test was carried
      out and blood concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, high density
      lipoprotein cholesterol, fibrinogen and disoluble fibrin were determined.
      Patients with CHD displayed decreased basal levels of triiodothyronine, total and
      free thyroxin and increased concentrations of immunoreactive insulin in the blood
      which was attended with decreased tolerance to glucose. These hormonal
      disturbances resulted in an elevation in cholesterol, triglycerides and
      fibrinogen. CHD patients showed an inverse correlation between cholesterol and
      free thyroxin levels and a direct relationship between triglycerides and
      immunoreactive insulin.

PMID- 6387249
TI  - [Gastric secretory function in patients with complicated peptic ulcer].

PMID- 6387250
TI  - [Surgical treatment of hemorrhaging gastric and duodenal ulcers].

PMID- 6387251
TI  - [Treatment results in perforating ulcers of the stomach and duodenum].

PMID- 6387252
TI  - [Combined acute complications of duodenal peptic ulcer].

PMID- 6387253
TI  - [Prevention of postoperative lung complications in elderly patients after the
      surgical treatment of gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer].

PMID- 6387254
TI  - [Effect of vagotomy on the blood supply of the stomach].

PMID- 6387255
TI  - [Therapeutic puncture of liver abscesses under echographic control].

PMID- 6387256
TI  - [Echographic potentials in the diagnosis of different forms of cholecystitis].

PMID- 6387257
TI  - [Ivan Ivanovich Kal'chenko (on his 80th birthday)].

PMID- 6387258
TI  - [Anaerobic infections and their importance in surgery].

PMID- 6387259
TI  - [Eccentric tectonic mini-keratoplasty in corneal, corneoscleral and scleral
      processes].
AB  - Between 1975 and May 1983 so-called tectonic "mini"-keratoplasties (i.e. grafts
      of 2 to 6 mm in diameter) were carried out on 30 patients because of perforating
      corneal lesions (12 patients), corneo-scleral fistulae (17 patients), and scleral
      fistulae (1 patient). Two different surgical procedures are distinguished in
      closing the corneo-scleral and the sclera fistula, namely the tectonic
      transplantation of a cornea of full thickness into a lamellar layer and the
      closure of a perforating defect or of a block excision. In two cases the
      perforating tectonic keratoplasty was combined with an i.c. cataract extraction,
      in three other patients it was combined with an iridoplasty, a direct cyclopexia
      after cyclodialysis, or with an anti-glaucomatous direct pars plicata excision.
      In two cases the eccentric tectonic mini-keratoplasty was followed by an
      autologous rotational keratoplasty carried out for optical reasons. In all
      patients the defect in the wall of the globe could be closed reliably and a
      normalization of the intra-ocular pressure was achieved. In two cases an early
      epithelial invasion occurred. The visual acuity improved in 19 patients. We
      recommend the eccentric tectonic mini-keratoplasty as the method of choice for
      closing corneal, corneo-scleral, and scleral fistulae.

PMID- 6387260
TI  - [Evaluation of infectious, inflammatory external eye diseases].
AB  - Over a period of 4 months the authors observed 240 outpatients with 302 "red
      eyes." Oculogenital strains of Chlamydia trachomatis were diagnosed in 12.5% of
      these cases. Bacterial monoinfections were found in 13.9%, coinfections in 63.9%.
      The remaining 9.7% included Candida sp. (4%) and Herpes I (1.4%) infections,
      while 4.3% remained unidentified. Allergic conjunctivitis and "dry eye" syndromes
      were not considered separately in this study. Specific antibiotic therapy
      improved the clinical condition due to "saprophytic" bacterial coinfections,
      indicating the pathogenic importance of this type of infection.

PMID- 6387261
TI  - [Unilateral proximal aplasia of the pulmonary artery--studies on the clinical
      significance and embryologic interpretation].
AB  - Description and discussion of the findings in a five month old infant and a six
      year old boy, in whom unilateral absence of the pulmonary artery contralateral to
      the aortic arch could be demonstrated by means of angiocardiography. The infant,
      having absence of the right pulmonary artery associated with patent ductus
      arteriosus and obstructive pulmonary vascular disease of the left lung died after
      recurrent pulmonary infections in acute heart failure. The boy with absence of
      the left pulmonary artery could be shown to have moderate-severe peripheral
      stenosis at the origin of the right pulmonary artery from the main pulmonary
      artery. Pulmonary function studies showed normal values. During a follow-up of 5
      years the boy doesn't show any symptoms. In both cases an accessory vessel could
      be demonstrated on the side of the absent pulmonary artery originating from the
      innominate artery and leading to the hilum of the corresponding lung.
      Embryologically these vessels probably represent persistence of the second
      primitive ductus arteriosus. According to its development the disease more
      precisely should be designated as unilateral proximal aplasia of the 6th ventral
      aortic arch, i.e. of the definitive pulmonary artery.

PMID- 6387262
TI  - Deterioration of renal function in hypertensive patients with scleroderma despite
      blood pressure normalization with captopril.
AB  - The orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril was
      administered for up to 11 weeks to three patients with progressive systemic
      sclerosis presenting with hypertension and plasma creatinine levels of 3.1, 7.2
      and 10.4 mg/100 ml. Only one patient had malignant phase hypertension. In this
      patient a diuretic had to be added to captopril in order to keep blood pressure
      under control. Despite sustained blood pressure control during captopril
      administration, renal function deteriorated and hemodialysis treatment had to be
      started in all patients. Up to that time no substantial improvement in skin
      lesions was observed. During the period of dialysis, blood pressure was normal in
      all patients even though administration of captopril was discontinued. All three
      patients died of respiratory failure while on chronic hemodialysis for 3 to 4
      weeks. These observations confirm that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition
      may be helpful in controlling blood pressure of patients with scleroderma.
      However, in contrast to some earlier reports, they also indicate that converting
      enzyme inhibition does not always prevent the multivisceral vascular lesions of
      scleroderma.

PMID- 6387263
TI  - Long-term effect of captopril on kidney function in various forms of
      hypertension.
AB  - To study long-term effects of captopril on renal function in patients with
      various forms of severe hypertension, serum creatinine values were monitored in
      76 patients under captopril therapy over a period of up to 3 years. Three
      different groups were formed: patients with essential hypertension (n = 37);
      patients with renovascular hypertension (n = 20); patients with renal
      parenchymatous hypertension (n = 19). In each of the three groups reduction in
      blood pressure was accompanied by increases in serum creatinine. However, both
      changes were more pronounced in patients with renovascular hypertension. In this
      group only the rise in creatinine was statistically significant and showed a
      slight progression with duration of captopril treatment. Group specific analysis
      revealed that the increase was smaller in patients with unilateral (n = 16)
      renovascular disease than in those with bilateral (n = 4) involvement, but in the
      former it was still significantly higher than in patients with essential or renal
      parenchymatous hypertension. Separation of patients according to the underlying
      disease of renovascular hypertension showed that renal function deteriorated less
      in patients with arteriosclerotic origin (n = 10) than in those with
      fibromuscular dysplasia (n = 8). Statistical evaluation of subjects with
      renovascular and essential hypertension still revealed significant differences in
      creatinine when the patients with initial plasma renin activity (PRA) below and
      above 6 ng/ml X 3 h were compared separately. A significant correlation (r =
      0.73; P less than 0.05) between blood pressure reduction and creatinine changes
      was obtained only for patients with renovascular hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6387264
TI  - Captopril in Cushing's syndrome.
AB  - To analyse the role of the renin angiotensin system in the pathogenesis of
      hypertension in Cushing's syndrome ten patients with hypercorticism (five with
      pituitary hypothalamic dysfunction, three with adrenal adenomas and two with
      adrenal carcinomas) received a single oral dose of 25 mg captopril. Mean arterial
      pressure was then determined at short intervals over periods of up to 240 min.
      Plasma renin activity (PRA) was measured immediately before the administration of
      captopril. Eleven patients with severe essential hypertension, who showed a
      comparable distribution of basal PRA values, served as a control. Patients with
      elevated basal PRA values (greater than 3 ng/ml X 3 h) showed, both in the
      subgroup of cases with essential hypertension and in that with Cushing's
      syndrome, a statistically significant fall (P less than 0.05-P less than 0.001)
      in mean arterial pressure, the decrease being slightly more pronounced in
      essential hypertensives. On the other hand patients with normal PRA values (less
      than or equal to ng/ml X 3 h) exhibited only a minor fall in mean arterial
      pressure reaching statistical significance (P less than 0.05) only after 60 min
      (essential hypertension) and 180 min (Cushing's syndrome), respectively. Our
      results document that in patients with Cushing's syndrome the effect of captopril
      seems to be determined by the activity of the renin angiotensin system. Thus, in
      a substantial number of patients with hypercorticism, the renin angiotensin
      system may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of hypertension, whereas in
      patients with low PRA values other factors like oversecretion of
      mineralocorticoids may be responsible for the observed blood pressure increases.

PMID- 6387265
TI  - Renal glycosuria in renal homograft recipients.
AB  - Transient renal glycosuria was observed in eight renal transplant patients during
      the recovery phase from initial tubular necrosis or acute rejection. In these
      subjects and three homograft recipients without glycosuria we performed glucose
      titration experiments. Three patients were found to have type A glycosuria, two
      had type B and three type C. The titration curve was normal in the three patients
      without glycosuria. In addition, most subjects presented with hypophosphataemia
      and hyperphosphaturia. Apart from a direct correlation between the point of splay
      of the glucose titration curves and the fractional clearance of phosphate, there
      was no clear-cut relationship between the handling of glucose and phosphorus.
      Mild hyperchloraemic acidosis was observed in six subjects, but this was
      unrelated to the type and grade of glycosuria. It is concluded that in homograft
      recipients the tubular alterations have a patchy and unpredictable distribution
      and may cause a variety of symptoms which do not necessarily occur in close
      association.

PMID- 6387266
TI  - [Effectiveness of prodigiozan in the complex treatment of erysipelas].

PMID- 6387267
TI  - [The history of V.G. Belinskii's illness].

PMID- 6387268
TI  - [Cellular composition of the islands of Langerhans in non-insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 6387269
TI  - [Effect of metabolic compensation in diabetes mellitus on lipid peroxidation
      processes].

PMID- 6387270
TI  - [Effect of vagotomy on the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones].

PMID- 6387271
TI  - [State of the pancreatic insular apparatus in Erb-Roth and Landouzy-Dejerine
      progressive muscular dystrophies].

PMID- 6387272
TI  - New insights into mechanisms of pulmonary edema.

PMID- 6387273
TI  - Immunohistochemical assessment of estrogen receptor distribution in the human
      endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle.
AB  - Monoclonal antiestrophilin antibodies (H226Sp gamma and H222Sp gamma) were used
      with an indirect immunoperoxidase technique to localize estrogen receptor in
      frozen sections of normal human endometrium. Estrogen receptor was detected in
      the nuclei of the vast majority of epithelial and stromal cells from all early,
      middle, and late proliferative phase endometria. However, middle and late
      secretory phase endometria showed a dramatic reduction in the amount of estrogen
      receptor localized. Specific staining for estrogen receptor in the functionalis
      of middle and late secretory phase endometria was weak and limited to nuclei of
      scattered epithelial and stromal cells. In contrast, strong staining for receptor
      was observed in epithelial cell nuclei of some glands in the basalis. The early
      secretory phase appeared to be a period of transition from the strong and
      ubiquitous staining for receptor characteristic of proliferative phase endometria
      to the weak, focal pattern of estrogen receptor localization characteristic of
      the functionalis from middle and late secretory endometria. Postmenopausal
      endometria showed consistently strong nuclear localization of estrogen receptor
      in epithelial and stromal cells. Myometrial smooth muscle cell nuclei also
      contained estrogen receptor. However, the endothelial cells of uterine vessels
      showed no localization of receptor. Specific staining for estrogen receptor was
      always limited to nuclei; no specific cytoplasmic staining was observed.

PMID- 6387274
TI  - Identification of two major B cell forms of nodular mixed lymphoma.
AB  - To resolve the controversy over the immunologic nature of nodular mixed lymphoma
      (NM), we examined nine cases of NM for surface antigens using both tissue section
      and cell suspension methods. These were contrasted with 12 cases of nodular
      poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma. We found two major B cell types of
      NM, those with monoclonal immunoglobulin (SIg+)-positive nodules with an
      SIg+B1+B2+Ia+T- phenotype (four cases) and those with nodules devoid of
      immunoglobulin with an SIg-B1+B2-Ia+T- phenotype (five cases). Our SIg+ NM cases
      appear similar to nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma
      (SIg+B1+B2+Ia+T-), except suspension assay indicates fewer SIg+ cells in NM. In
      our SIg- NM cases, the neoplastic nodules consistently expressed B1 and Ia-like
      antigens and lacked T cells, indicating a B cell neoplasm similar to many large
      cell lymphomas. By demonstrating a B cell antigen in SIg- nodules, we
      substantially resolve the controversial NM cases previously called "null" or T
      cell. The two distinct immunotypes indicate the complexity of B cell antigenic
      expression in NM and might also explain the variable response to therapy in NM
      described in previous studies. Finally, we describe NM cases with the
      simultaneous occurrence of several stages of B cell differentiation. This
      suggests that some NM cases are not frozen in a single stage of B cell
      development but may express a range of B cell antigens. NM, then, may be a
      paradigm of variable, simultaneous B cell maturation.

PMID- 6387275
TI  - Vimentin filament-desmosome cytoskeleton of diverse types of human meningiomas. A
      distinctive diagnostic feature.
AB  - Ten human meningiomas of different histologic subtypes (endotheliomatous,
      transitional, fibroblastic, and angioblastic) were examined for the expression of
      intermediate-sized filaments (IF) and desmosomal plaque proteins (desmoplakins I
      and II), using immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. All meningiomas
      gave a strong positive reaction for vimentin as well as for desmoplakins. IF of
      the cytokeratin type, desmin IF, and glial filaments were not detected in any of
      these tumors. The exclusive expression of vimentin in these tumors was confirmed
      by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoblot analysis of cytoskeletal
      proteins obtained after microdissection of well-defined tumor areas.
      Ultrastructural immunolocalization showed that, in the various tumors, vimentin
      IF were attached to the desmosomal plaques. With respect to the markers examined,
      all of the diverse types of meningiomas reacted like their putative non
      neoplastic counterparts, i.e., arachnoidal cells. Our results indicate that the
      different histologic subtypes of meningiomas are derived from cells of the
      arachnoidal layer. The exclusive expression of vimentin-type IF in combination
      with desmoplakins is very unusual and so far seems unique to arachnoidal and
      meningioma cells. We consider this unusual combination, i.e., vimentin IF and
      desmoplakin plaques, to be a diagnostic feature for meningiomas, and we propose
      that the cytoskeletal property be used in differential diagnosis of intracranial
      tumors.

PMID- 6387276
TI  - South Carolina medicine 110 years ago.

PMID- 6387277
TI  - Hypertriglyceridemia and its relation to tissue lipoprotein lipase activity in
      endotoxemic, Escherichia coli bacteremic, and polymicrobial septic rats.
AB  - Hypertriglyceridemia, commonly observed in septic patients, may result from a
      decreased ability of tissues to remove plasma triacylglycerol due to depressed
      lipoprotein lipase activity. While endotoxin administration results in
      substantial decreases in muscle lipoprotein lipase activity, enzyme activity is
      increased in animals subjected to other forms of stress and trauma. The present
      study was initiated to compare changes in plasma triacylglycerol concentrations
      and tissue lipoprotein lipase activities in rats challenged with endotoxin or
      live Escherichia coli (iv or ip) or rats subjected to polymicrobial peritoneal
      sepsis. Sixteen hours post-treatment plasma triacylglycerol levels were increased
      200 to 300% in endotoxin- and E. coli-treated rats but did not differ from
      control animals subjected to peritoneal sepsis. At the same time, endotoxin
      administration resulted in significant decreases in heart (71-80%), soleus muscle
      (52-74%), and adipose tissue (21-32%) lipoprotein lipase activity regardless of
      the route injected. Intravenous E. coli also lead to a decrease in the three
      tissues examined while ip administration of E. coli reduced muscle and adipose
      tissue but not heart lipoprotein lipase activity. In contrast to endotoxemic and
      E. coli bacteremic rats, polymicrobial peritonitis resulted in significant
      increases in heart (46-89%) and skeletal muscle (18-39%) lipoprotein lipase
      activity. Thus, hypertriglyceridemia is not necessarily a consequence of sepsis
      but occurred in endotoxemic and bacteremic states when muscle and adipose tissue
      lipoprotein lipase activities were reduced. These findings support the postulate
      that sepsis-induced hypertriglyceridemia is likely to be associated with a
      decreased ability of lipoprotein lipase-containing tissues to clear circulating
      triacylglycerol.

PMID- 6387278
TI  - Medicaid's second surgical opinion program.

PMID- 6387279
TI  - Microbial transformation of testosterone by Aspergillus fumigatus.
AB  - Microbial transformation has been employed for the preparation of the potentially
      important 15 beta-hydroxytestosterone which was obtained by fermentation of
      testosterone with a typical strain of Aspergillus fumigatus. The metabolite was
      characterized by employing 1H and 13C NMR, mass spectrometry and i.r. analysis.
      High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to examine the purity of
      the product and formation of other minor metabolites.

PMID- 6387280
TI  - Exchange assay for androgen receptors in the presence of molybdate.
AB  - Several reports have shown that sodium molybdate stabilizes steroid hormone
      receptors. We have utilized these observations to develop an exchange assay for
      the androgen receptor at elevated temperatures. Exchange was found to be complete
      after 30 min at 30 degrees C. Receptor degradation was negligible during this
      treatment. Scatchard analysis indicated that the dissociation constant of the
      androgen receptor was similar both in the absence (Kd = 3.9 nM) and presence (Kd
      = 2.9 nM) of molybdate. Steroid specificity of the androgen receptor was
      unaltered by this treatment. The exchange procedure was reproducible, with an
      interassay variation of 2.45% and intraassay variation less than 10.0%. Using
      this assay, highest concentrations of androgen binding were measured in androgen
      target tissues of the rat (Dunning R3327 tumor, prostate and seminal vesicle;
      23.37, 20.20 and 19.84 fmol/mg protein respectively). Lower concentrations were
      observed in other tissues (lung, brain, heart, spleen, liver and kidney; 9.06,
      5.63, 3.50, 2.42, 2.33 and 1.36 fmol/mg protein respectively). These results
      demonstrate that molybdate stabilization of the androgen receptor allows
      efficient steroid exchange without significant alteration of the receptor's
      steroid binding properties. Furthermore, this exchange assay can be used to
      obtain a reasonable measurement of receptor concentrations in different androgen
      target tissues.

PMID- 6387281
TI  - Effects of chlorpromazine on the inhibition and artifactual elevation of
      [3H]estradiol binding to estrogen receptors in rat uterine cytosol.
AB  - Chlorpromazine acts to inhibit the specific binding of estradiol in rat uterine
      cytosol in vitro at concentrations between 0.1 and 0.75 mM. However, at higher
      concentrations (1.0-2.0 mM) it causes an apparent increase in binding that is due
      to free labeled estradiol in the assay buffer which is not adsorbed by the
      charcoal-dextran. This artifactual elevation can lead to misinterpretations of
      drug-induced potentiation of receptor sites.

PMID- 6387282
TI  - The measurement of steroid hormones in endometrial tissue: a comparison between
      two methods of extraction.
AB  - Concentrations of oestrone, oestradiol, 5-androstene-3 beta,17 beta-diol
      (androstenediol) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) were measured in human
      endometrium by radioimmunoassay following extraction with either diethyl ether or
      ethanol-acetone. Our results demonstrate that there is no difference between
      values obtained using these methods of extraction.

PMID- 6387283
TI  - When is the outer membrane of Escherichia coli rate-limiting for uptake of
      galactosides?
AB  - During inflow into Escherichia coli substrates must first diffuse through the
      porin pores in the outer membrane by simple, passive, diffusion and then be
      translocated across the inner membrane by a specific (active) carrier protein, or
      permease. A graphical procedure is outlined whereby it is possible to estimate
      the concentration drop across the outer membrane from simple kinetic measurements
      of net inflow velocity. Experiments confirm that the concentration drop across
      the outer membrane is proportional to rate of inflow, as expected from Fick's
      law. The expected rate of diffusion of 2-nitrophenylgalactoside through the outer
      membrane was calculated from reported values of pore radius, length and number,
      and the rate was found to correspond closely with the experimental results. It is
      pointed out that at low substrate concentrations the outer membrane is rate
      limiting and that a large increase in the amount of permease in the inner
      membrane will cause very little change in net inflow velocity.

PMID- 6387284
TI  - The healing practices of a Peruvian shaman.
AB  - The use of psychotropic plants among the mestizo population of the northwestern
      Amazon has already been the subject of some research. However, the field is far
      from fully investigated. Practitioners locally known by the name of
      "vegetalistas" or simply "maestros" have preserved considerable knowledge of
      plant lore, and still today contribute substantially to the health care of both
      rural and urban population. The present paper is based on field work with one
      particular such practitioner, Don Emilio Andrade Gomez, a 65-year-old shaman who
      lives in the vicinity of Iquitos (3 degrees 50S 73 degrees 15W), northeastern
      Peru. Some of the basic ideas of his cosmovision are presented. Special attention
      is given to the concept of "doctor" or "plant teacher", applied to certain plants
      which are supposed to "teach medicine", if the appropriate conditions of
      isolation and diet are observed. Some of these plants are added to the
      hallucinogenic beverage known in the region by the Quechua name ayahuasca, made
      from the stem of Banisteriopsis species, and one or several additives. During the
      period of isolation the spirits of these plants teach the initiate certain
      melodies or "icaros" that he will later use when practising his shamanistic
      activities. During field work in 1981 and 1982 the author collected various
      specimens of "plant teachers", part of which have now been identified, and are
      also presented.

PMID- 6387285
TI  - Counter-irritant and other medicinal uses of plants in Ranunculaceae by native
      peoples in British Columbia and neighbouring areas.
AB  - At least 20 species in Ranunculaceae, the buttercup family, are reported as
      having been used medicinally by 19 different groups of native peoples in British
      Columbia and adjacent areas. These species are known to contain the skin
      irritating, blister-causing compound, protoanemonin, in their fresh state.
      Protoanemonin is almost certainly the active principle involved in many of these
      medicinal applications. A majority involved the use of the plants as external
      poultices for boils, cuts, abrasions and other skin sores. Other disorders having
      a high frequency of treatment with ranunculaceous species include: muscular
      aches, colds and other respiratory ailments, and general, unspecified illness.
      Native groups in other parts of North America also used many ranunculaceous
      species as poultices, and for colds, headaches and many other ailments. A number
      were used for stimulation and "revival" of unconscious persons. It is suggested
      that the protoanemonin contained in these plants may have, through several
      different mechanisms, positively influenced the healing process physiologically
      and not just psychologically. If future research confirms this, these
      protoanemonin containing plants may have potential in certain treatments in
      modern medicine.

PMID- 6387287
TI  - Evarts A. Graham--the man.

PMID- 6387286
TI  - A clinical trial of blood and crystalloid cardioplegia.
AB  - Although experimental studies suggest that blood cardioplegia provides better
      protection than crystalloid cardioplegia, clinical studies have been
      inconclusive. Ninety patients undergoing coronary bypass grafting were randomized
      to receive either blood (n = 43) or crystalloid cardioplegia (n = 47). The
      incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction was lower with blood
      cardioplegia (blood, n = 0; crystalloid, n = 5; p = 0.06), and the maximum MB
      isoenzyme of creatine kinase was significantly less with blood cardioplegia
      (blood, 26.3 +/- 12.6 U/L; crystalloid, 35.6 +/- 17.0 U/L, mean +/- standard
      deviation; p less than 0.02.) Sixty patients (blood cardioplegia, n = 28;
      crystalloid cardioplegia, n = 32) had more sensitive measurements to assess the
      metabolic response to aortic occlusion and to compare the metabolic and
      functional recovery from the operation. Coronary sinus blood flow (by the
      continuous thermodilution technique) was significantly lower after cross-clamp
      removal with blood cardioplegia (blood, 160 +/- 100 ml/min; crystalloid, 220 +/-
      120 ml/min; p less than 0.05), indicating less reactive hyperemia. The cardiac
      production of lactate was significantly less with blood cardioplegia during
      aortic occlusion (blood, -0.5 +/- 0.9 mmol/L; crystalloid, -0.9 +/- 0.9 mmol/L; p
      less than 0.05) and immediately after aortic declamping (blood, -0.2 +/- 0.4
      mmol/L; crystalloid, -0.7 +/- 0.7 mmol/L; p less than 0.01). Thermodilution
      cardiac output measurements permitted calculation of the left ventricular stroke
      work index, and nuclear ventriculograms permitted calculation of the left
      ventricular end-diastolic volume index and end-systolic volume index. Myocardial
      performance, systolic elastance, and diastolic compliance were determined from
      volume loading studies (250 to 500 ml colloid) performed 2 to 4 hours
      postoperatively. Myocardial performance (the left ventricular stroke work index
      left ventricular end-diastolic volume index relation) and systolic elastance (the
      systolic blood pressure-left ventricular end-systolic volume index relation) were
      significantly better with blood cardioplegia (p less than 0.01 by multivariate
      analysis); diastolic compliance (the left atrial pressure-left ventricular end
      diastolic volume index relation) was similar. Blood cardioplegia reduced ischemic
      injury, decreased anaerobic metabolism during arrest, and permitted better
      functional recovery. Blood cardioplegia provides superior protection for elective
      coronary bypass grafting and may improve the clinical results in patients with
      unstable angina and in other high-risk patients.

PMID- 6387288
TI  - The first pneumonectomy. Historical notes.

PMID- 6387289
TI  - The development of cholecystography.

PMID- 6387290
TI  - Evarts A. Graham and the American College of Surgeons.

PMID- 6387291
TI  - Evarts A. Graham and the American Board of Surgery.

PMID- 6387292
TI  - Evarts Graham and surgical residency education.

PMID- 6387293
TI  - Dr. Evarts Graham and surgical pathology.

PMID- 6387294
TI  - Some reflections on smoking and lung cancer.

PMID- 6387295
TI  - Pulmonary resection and gas exchange.

PMID- 6387296
TI  - Reconstructive surgery of the cervical esophagus.
AB  - Free heterotopic transplantation of segments of the distal alimentary tract
      revascularized in the neck provide a very satisfactory, straightforward method of
      reconstruction of the cervical esophagus. At present pharyngoesophageal
      reconstructions are of four major types: (1) free skin grafts; (2) local or
      regional skin flaps; (3) subcutaneous or intrathoracic interposition or migration
      on a vascular pedicle of more distal positions of the alimentary tract--stomach
      or colon; and (4) a free graft of jejunum or colon. This report is an account of
      each of these methods with an emphasis on free revascularized grafts of the
      jejunum. Fifty-five such reconstructions have been performed at Emory Affiliated
      Hospitals. There were six graft failures for a transfer reliability of 90%. There
      were three perioperative deaths for a perioperative mortality of 5%. Comparison
      with similar reported series using either direct esophagogastric anastomosis,
      colon interposition, or staged deltopectoral skin flap reconstruction would
      suggest that the free jejunal graft procedure has lower morbidity and mortality.
      I believe it to be the method of choice in reconstruction of the cervical
      esophagus.

PMID- 6387298
TI  - Effect of Yin-nourishing and blood-activating recipes on antibody formation in
      animals.

PMID- 6387297
TI  - Surgical treatment of idiopathic hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in children. First
      successful subtotal pancreatectomy with preservation of spleen reported by Evarts
      A. Graham (1934).
AB  - The first successful subtotal pancreatectomy for idiopathic hypoglycemia in a
      child was performed by Dr. Evarts Graham in 1934. He did an extended resection
      and preserved the spleen. Although both of these aspects of the operation are now
      identified as important principles, it is apparent from a review of the
      literature that their importance was not recognized for many years.

PMID- 6387299
TI  - An introduction to the study of acupuncture and moxibustion in China (Part I).

PMID- 6387300
TI  - The in vivo distribution of indium-111 labeled in vitro alloactivated syngeneic
      lymphocytes in a patient with relapsed acute myelomonocytic leukemia:
      implications for adoptive chemoimmunotherapy.
AB  - A single patient who had a leukemic relapse six months after receiving a
      syngeneic bone marrow transplant was given "adoptive chemoimmunotherapy."
      Lymphocytes from the patients identical twin were alloactivated and grown in T
      cell growth factor in vitro. After receiving chemotherapy to reduce the number of
      relapsed leukemia cells, he received 1.1 X 10(10) in vitro alloactivated twin
      lymphocytes via intravenous and intraperitoneal injections. Although progressive
      Candidal pneumonia was fatal and prevented analysis of either efficacy or delayed
      toxicity of this potential form of therapy for this patient, radioactive 111In
      labelling and scanning showed dissemination of these lymphocytes following either
      injection route, with no clinical evidence of immediate toxicity.

PMID- 6387301
TI  - [Electrical potential of metal prostheses and metal restorative materials in the
      oral cavity].

PMID- 6387302
TI  - [Caries prevention in the occlusal plane of the first molar].

PMID- 6387303
TI  - [Denture rebasing and adjustment of the clasp].

PMID- 6387304
TI  - [Temporary prosthesis using an extracted tooth--for patients without much money
      or time].

PMID- 6387305
TI  - [Development of normal temperature adhesive composite resins with 4-META for
      dentures].

PMID- 6387307
TI  - [Reinforcement of a weakened tooth wtih adhesive resins].

PMID- 6387306
TI  - [Root planing].

PMID- 6387308
TI  - [Nickel-chromium alloys].

PMID- 6387309
TI  - [How to deal with sequential changes after restoration].

PMID- 6387311
TI  - [Crown-bridges in geriatric dentistry].

PMID- 6387310
TI  - [Use of dental models in making metal cast crowns].

PMID- 6387312
TI  - [Pain control in dentistry--clinical use of finger pressure therapy].

PMID- 6387313
TI  - [Freeze-dried bone allografts for the jaw].

PMID- 6387314
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with skin cancer. Diagnosis and treatment
      of skin cancer].

PMID- 6387315
TI  - Towards the standardization of lymphokines: first report of the Lymphokine
      Standardization Subcommittee of the International Union of Immunological
      Societies, PAHO, Washington, D.C., November 1983.

PMID- 6387316
TI  - Comparison of plasma insulin profiles after subcutaneous administration of
      insulin by jet spray and conventional needle injection in patients with insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The characteristics of plasma free insulin profiles after conventional
      subcutaneous injection of regular insulin (10 units) and after jet injection of
      this amount of insulin were compared in eight subjects with insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus. Although administration of insulin with the jet injector
      resulted in peak plasma free insulin concentrations (45 +/- 4 microU/ml) similar
      to those achieved after conventional injection (47 +/- 5 microU/ml), it produced
      more rapid increases in plasma free insulin concentrations (time to peak
      concentration, 76 +/- 11 minutes versus 152 +/- 16 minutes; P less than 0.01) and
      less prolonged hyperinsulinemia. Variability in the peak insulin concentrations
      and the time to peak concentration was comparable for both methods of
      administration of insulin. Thus, insulin administered by jet injector may improve
      control of postprandial hyperglycemia and diminish the risk for late hypoglycemia
      in some patients with insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus treated with
      conventional injections of insulin.

PMID- 6387317
TI  - Effects of drugs and chemicals on the fetus and newborn (2).
AB  - Physicians have become increasingly aware of the side effects of specific drugs.
      Obstetricians and family physicians should especially be cognizant of the
      implications of the administration of any drug, not only for the pregnant mother
      but also for the unborn child. In this second installment of our two-part
      article, we conclude our review of drugs, chemicals, and environmental pollutants
      that may affect the fetus or newborn.

PMID- 6387318
TI  - One minute with diabetes.

PMID- 6387319
TI  - Osteoarthritis I: epidemiology.

PMID- 6387320
TI  - Expression of coliphage T7 in aging anucleate minicells of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Anucleate minicells produced by a mutated strain of Escherichia coli remain
      metabolically active for up to 48 h at 37 degrees C. Minicells of increasing age
      have been infected with the coliphage T7. Infection results in the onset of
      transcription and translation producing T7 encoded polypeptides. Quantitative and
      qualitative changes in T7 gene expression result from infection of increasingly
      old minicells. There is no detectable increase in the frequency of error
      occurrence in the synthesis of T7 polypeptides in infected old minicells as
      compared to infected young minicells.

PMID- 6387321
TI  - Fibronectin distribution on the surfaces of young and old human fibroblasts.
AB  - Indirect immunofluorescence was used to examine the distribution of fibronectin
      fibrils on young and old cultures of human fibroblasts. In young cultures, the
      pattern of fibronectin fibril pattern was generally parallel to the long axis of
      spread cells. In contrast, the pattern on old cells displayed extensive,
      interconnecting networks of randomly oriented fibrils. The differences observed
      in the two cultures were independent of both cell density and substrate
      composition.

PMID- 6387322
TI  - Genome reorganization during cellular senescence.
AB  - It was previously suggested that aging of dividing cells depends on the
      reorganization of the cell genome during the division cycle and is determined by
      chance, intrinsic properties of the genome and environmental factors. A
      considerable amount of evidence has accumulated supporting the hypothesis. This
      is reviewed in terms of the reorganization taking place at the different orders
      of DNA structure.

PMID- 6387323
TI  - Laminin and fibronectin in normal and malignant neuroectodermal cells.
AB  - Laminin and fibronectin, the major noncollagenous matrix glycoproteins, were
      studied in connection with normal brain cells and neuroectodermal cell lines.
      Laminin, a Mr 900,000 dalton matrix glycoprotein and an essential component of
      basement membranes, was found to be produced by cultured cells of several
      malignant cell lines of neuroectodermal origin. In cultured mouse C1300
      neuroblastoma line cells laminin was localized, by immunoelectron microscopy, to
      the rough endoplasmic reticulum and, to sites of cell-to-cell and cell-to
      substratum adhesion. Further experiments on the intracellular transport of this
      glycoprotein in C1300 cells confirmed that laminin is, at least partially,
      transported through the Golgi pathway. These results favor a role for laminin in
      attachment and cellular interactions of malignant neuronal cells. Laminin was
      also found in connection with neurons and glial cells from mammalian brain. In
      primary cultures from developing rat brain the vast majority of non-neuronal
      cells (80%) expressed immunoreactivity for the glial fibrillary acidic protein, a
      cytoskeletal protein specific for astrocytes. During the first week in culture
      all the glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells, with the exception of
      mature-looking star-shaped astrocytes, exhibited immunoreactivity for laminin.
      The intracellular laminin disappeared gradually after a few weeks in culture, but
      an extensive laminin matrix persisted and seemed to be localized on the upper
      surface of the non-neuronal cells. The neurofilament-positive neurons were
      negative for laminin. Pretreatment of the cultures with the ionophore monensin,
      caused accumulation of laminin-immunoreactivity within the Golgi region, which
      confirmed that laminin is, indeed, produced by cultured astrocytes and secreted
      through the Golgi complex. No fibronectin immunoreactivity was found in the
      majority of glial cells. However, under culture conditions where fibronectin was
      omitted from the culture medium there was, in the primary cultures, a minor
      population of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive flat glial cells that
      exhibited intracytoplasmic immunofluorescence for fibronectin. In the presence of
      fibronectin in culture medium no fibronectin-positive glial cells could be
      detected. It thus appears that laminin, and to a minor extent fibronectin, are
      proteins that normal glial cells are capable of producing under specific
      conditions. Laminin and fibronectin were localized in adult rat brain in
      capillary and meningeal structures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6387324
TI  - Effects of steroid hormones on DNA synthesis and insulin production of isolated
      foetal rat pancreatic islets in tissue culture.
AB  - This study describes the effects of prednisolone, oestradiol-17B and progesterone
      on DNA replication and insulin biosynthesis and release of cultured foetal rat
      islets. Prednisolone significantly inhibited the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine
      into DNA of islets cultured at a physiological (5.5 mmol/l) but not at a high (22
      mmol/l) glucose concentration. It also increased insulin biosynthesis and release
      of islets cultured at 5.5 mmol/l glucose. Oestradiol-17B reduced the
      incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into islet DNA at both glucose concentrations,
      but had no effect on insulin biosynthesis and release. Progesterone had no effect
      on either the growth or the function of the cultured foetal islets. The
      observations show a clear dissociation between the action of prednisolone on
      islet growth versus islet function. They also support the view that neither
      progesterone nor oestradiol is directly involved in the high rate of B-cell
      replication previously observed in islets of pregnant rats.

PMID- 6387325
TI  - Knowledge of their health insurance coverage by the elderly.
AB  - Current legislative proposals to increase competition among private insurers
      assume that people are or can be well-informed about their insurance coverage.
      Evidence from the National Medical Care Expenditure Survey shows that among the
      population 65 years of age and older knowledge about health insurance coverage is
      substantial but generally lower than in the population younger than 65 years of
      age. Multivariate analysis is used to identify factors associated with high and
      low levels of knowledge. Although correct knowledge of coverage of particular
      services is highly associated with current experience of health problems, with
      use of these health services, and with the cost for private insurance, overall
      knowledge is lowest among some groups at high risk of serious illness, in
      particular, the old, nonwhites, and persons enrolled in Medicare but without
      Medicaid or private insurance supplements.

PMID- 6387326
TI  - Arrhythmias in patients with drug toxicity, electrolyte, and endocrine
      disturbances.
AB  - The common rhythm disturbances related to electrolyte imbalance are due
      predominantly to abnormalities of potassium. An understanding of the mechanism
      underlying these abnormalities is facilitated by a brief review of normal
      electrical activity during impulse propagation in cardiac tissue. Also discussed
      are the actions of all cardioactive and antiarrhythmic drugs on membrane
      permeability to ions. Lastly, the nonspecific arrhythmias associated with
      endocrine disturbances are outlined.

PMID- 6387327
TI  - Evaluation of the patient with sudden cardiac death.
AB  - Sudden cardiac death is defined as death from natural causes that occurs within
      one hour of the patient's collapse. Public education programs and the
      proliferation of rapidly deployable community life-support teams have resulted in
      the ability to deliver emergency medical care to many patients who suffer a
      cardiac arrest and who otherwise would have died suddenly. This article reviews
      the diagnostic evaluation and therapeutic management of the patient who has
      survived a cardiac arrest.

PMID- 6387329
TI  - [Escherichia coli serotypes occurring in respiratory tract infections].

PMID- 6387328
TI  - Clinical use and pharmacology of amiodarone.
AB  - Amiodarone, an investigational drug in the United States, has had considerable
      use in this country and worldwide in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. This
      article reviews the clinical pharmacology of this potentially useful
      antiarrhythmic agent.

PMID- 6387330
TI  - [Differentiation of Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients with urinary
      tract infection based on biochemical properties, antibiogram and colicinogenic
      typing].

PMID- 6387331
TI  - Soft drugs: principles and methods for the design of safe drugs.

PMID- 6387332
TI  - Behavioral methods for measuring effects of drugs on learning and memory in
      animals.
AB  - This review describes methods for measuring effects of drugs on learning and
      memory in animals, proceeding from relatively simple nonassociative learning
      (habituation) to classical and instrumental conditioning, and concluding with
      complex measures for measuring learning and memory repeatedly in the individual
      animal. Procedures for separating drug effects specific to learning and memory
      from non-specific effects on activity, motivation, sensory and motor capacity,
      etc., were emphasized. For each method, selected experimental examples were
      presented which described the action of drugs on learning and memory, elucidated
      the behavioral processes involved in the drug effects, or illustrated
      methodological points. The various procedures used to measure drug effects on
      learning and memory in animals have yielded a bewildering array of often
      contradictory results. Quantitative differences in effectiveness of drugs in the
      different procedures are common. Drugs (for example, the nootropics) that alter
      learning or memory in a few procedures may be totally without activity in many
      others. How are these discrepancies to be interpreted? The apparent
      inconsistencies in the data can, for the most part, be understood in terms of the
      nature of learning and memory. "Learning" and "memory" are hypothetical processes
      presumed to underlie enduring changes in behavior resulting from the organism's
      interaction with environmental stimuli. Given such a broad definition, the
      prevalence of inconsistencies in the data is hardly surprising. It is unlikely
      that the same mechanisms should underlie all of the wide variety of behavioral
      changes included under the rubrics "learning" or "memory." (For a contrary view,
      based on consistencies among results obtained in the diverse procedures, see
      Zornetzer). How, then, should drug effects on learning and memory be identified
      or measured? The first step, of course, is to rule out those drug effects that do
      not conform to the definition of learning or memory. This review has described
      strategies and procedures by which this can be accomplished. However, even when
      this is done there is no single procedure that can detect drug effects on
      learning and memory in general, nor, in view of the heterogeneous behaviors
      involved, is it likely that such a universal procedure will ever be found. Thus,
      a multi-faceted strategy will be required. Some of the simpler procedures
      described in this review may be adequate for the initial identification of
      interesting effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6387333
TI  - The hospitals of later medieval London.

PMID- 6387334
TI  - The surgeoness: the female practitioner of surgery 1400-1800.

PMID- 6387335
TI  - A set of silver dental instruments from the New Milton Collection.
AB  - This short paper studies a set of ten silver instruments belonging to the New
      Milton Collection, which are believed to be dental and of Roman date. A brief
      history of the set is given, also a description of each instrument together with
      suggested name and function, based upon the accounts of dental procedures
      recorded in classical medical texts. In an attempt to determine the antiquity of
      the set, results of non-destructive tests upon two of the instruments are
      compared with those of metal artefacts of authenticated date. In addition,
      stylistic comparisions are made with ancient instruments in museum collections,
      and representations of instruments upon ancient stelae and in medical
      manuscripts.

PMID- 6387336
TI  - The alleged miscarriages of Catherine of Aragon and Anne Boleyn.

PMID- 6387337
TI  - The history of leprosy in Ethiopia to 1935.

PMID- 6387338
TI  - Illustrations from the Wellcome Institute Library. The new lazaretto at Siros
      (Syra), Greece, in 1840.

PMID- 6387339
TI  - Mental health services in an English county borough before 1974.

PMID- 6387340
TI  - Rinderpest and mainstream infectious disease concepts in the eighteenth century.

PMID- 6387341
TI  - Dearth, diet, and disease in Ireland, 1850: a case study of nutritional
      deficiency.

PMID- 6387342
TI  - Tuberculosis and leprosy in antiquity: an interpretation.

PMID- 6387343
TI  - The introduction of a new sixteenth-century drug: terra Silesiaca.

PMID- 6387344
TI  - Haslam of "Bedlam", Kitchiner of the "Oracles": two doctors under mad King George
      III, and their friendship.

PMID- 6387345
TI  - Illustrations from the Wellcome Institute Library. Iconography of Dr William
      Kitchiner (1775?-1827).

PMID- 6387346
TI  - [What is the role of chlamydia culture, wet smear and general bacterial culture
      from the cervix before surgical abortion?].

PMID- 6387347
TI  - [Treatment of cystitis in women: no difference between various doses of
      trimethoprim and conventional trimethoprim-sulfadiazine therapy].

PMID- 6387348
TI  - [Emphysema--the result of the proteolytic digestion of pulmonary tissue].

PMID- 6387349
TI  - [Qualitative detection of immunoglobulins in the human endolymphatic sac].
AB  - Healthy human temporal bones and samples of the endolymphatic sac taken during
      surgery or from fresh cadavers were studied with regard to the presence of
      immunoglobulins. For demonstration of IgG, IgM, IgA and SIgA immunofluorescent
      methods and the immunoperoxidase-antiperoxidase method were used. Immunoglobulins
      are exclusively present within the endolymphatic sac whereas other structures of
      the healthy human inner ear do not show any positive reaction to the methods used
      for the demonstration of immunoglobulins.SIgA is clearly shown in epithelial
      cells of the rugosal part, whereas IgG predominantly is located in the flat
      endothelium--like cells of the extratemporal part. IgA and IgG further are
      detected within glycoproteins of the sac lumen and in plasma cells beneath the
      epithelium. Finally all subepithelial lymphatic spaces contain rich amounts of
      IgG. In one single temporal bone with tympanogenic labyrinthitis IgG and IgM wee
      present not only in all three layers of the round-window-membrane but also within
      the perilymphatic exudate. In this case IgM was found in the perisaccular tissue.
      The presence of free and local bound immunoglobulins exclusively in the region of
      the endolymphatic sac postulates and immunologic defense mechanism of this organ
      for the inner ear.

PMID- 6387351
TI  - Temporalis pericranial muscle flap for reconstruction of the lateral face and
      head.
AB  - Large ablative surgical tissue defects of the lateral face and head can pose a
      difficult task for the reconstructive surgeon who must choose from among a large
      variety of possible reparative techniques. In many situations the temporalis
      pericranial muscle flap offers the outstanding feature of providing a large
      amount of soft tissue at no direct expense of donor site skin cover. It is easily
      obtained and results in negligible functional loss. With care taken to preserve
      the neurovascular pedicle, this flap may be rotated in multiple directions and
      even overturned as either surface can receive surface skin closure. The amount of
      operative time and effort required is much less than for many of the more
      elaborate reconstructive flaps. Five representative cases are presented.

PMID- 6387350
TI  - [Immunopathologic reactions in chronic sialadenitis of the submandibular gland
      (so-called Kuttner tumor)].
AB  - The aim of this study was to investigate immunological aspects of the
      inflammatory reaction in the submandibular gland during chronic sialadenitis.
      Specimens of 54 patients registered at the Institute of Pathology at the
      University of Hamburg were stained according to the indirect immunoperoxidase
      method. The distribution patterns of Ig-secreting plasma cells (IgA, IgG, IgM)
      and of the enzymes lactoferrin, lysozyme, and secretory component were analysed.
      The formation of lymph follicles was also examined. The results were as follows:
      Stage 1 of the chronic sialadenitis starts as a simple inflammation with an
      increase of IgA-secreting plasma cells around the ducts. During stage 2 the
      unspecific, humoral part of the immune system is stimulated. The production of
      lactoferrin and lysozyme is enhanced. The titer of IgA rises due to activation of
      the local, specific immune system. The simultaneous rise of the IgG titer is
      probably caused by production at different sites. During the course of stage 3-
      4, the cells involved in the local, unspecific immune system are destroyed. The
      number of IgG secreting plasma cells also decreases. The formation of lymph
      follicles and the infiltration of the gland by lymphocytes is interpreted as a
      transition to the cellular immune response. Stage 4 of the Kuttner tumor shows
      similarities to the autoimmune disease of Sjogren's syndrome.

PMID- 6387352
TI  - Bell's palsy: the steroid controversy revisited.
AB  - The treatment of Bell's palsy with steroids is controversial. Several series of
      patients have shown steroids to be beneficial to a statistically significant
      degree; however, their experimental design was of poor quality and made this data
      less clinically valuable. The negative trials showing no benefit with steroids
      did not examine enough patients to have a chance to show a clinically important
      difference. These series must be considered as partially completed studies and
      not as conclusive negative trials. A Type I error analysis is the accepted method
      of statistically analyzing the data of these trials. After reviewing the
      evidence, it becomes clear that further scientific research is needed.

PMID- 6387353
TI  - An assessment of neck node immunoreactivity in head and neck cancer.
AB  - Current conventional forms of cancer treatment represent non-specific modalities
      that destroy not only cancerous but also non-cancerous tissue in an effort to
      totally eradicate the neoplasm. It was unknown in head and neck cancer whether a
      more specific form of treatment, as it relates to neck nodal disease, was
      advisable. The purpose of this investigation was to study the cervical node
      immunoreactivity in head and neck cancer patients as a means of determining their
      immunologic capabilities and thus provide information about the merits of
      specific vs. non-specific cancer treatment. The results demonstrated that
      lymphocytes arising from cervical nodes caused alterations in the tumor growth.
      There appeared to be no particular difference in immunoreactivity of lymphocytes
      arising from nodes located in different areas of the neck. The regional immune
      system of neck nodes in the head and neck cancer patient appears to be capable of
      mounting an immune response irrespective of the patient's tumor status. Usual
      measures of systemic immunocompetence failed to identify any patients with
      advanced stage disease and showed little correlation with the regional
      immunoreactivity. The regional nodal immunoreactivity also did not correlate with
      the size or the numbers of metastatic neck nodes. The results demonstrate that
      cervical neck nodes are capable of mounting an immune response to head and neck
      cancer and are not mere passive filters that are periodically involved with tumor
      emboli. These results support the need for the development of reliable treatments
      which are directed at tumor tissue only.

PMID- 6387354
TI  - Hypothesis: possible idiotypic suppression of cell-mediated immunity in
      lepromatous leprosy.

PMID- 6387356
TI  - Inhibition of renin release following left circumflex bradykinin injection in
      dogs.
AB  - We examined the renin secretory response to bradykinin (BK) injection into the
      left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) in dogs. Studies were conducted in
      anesthetized, carotid sinus denervated dogs which had been maintained on a low
      sodium diet. A 25 ga needle was inserted into the LCx for injection of BK (0.15
      micrograms/kg). The rate of renin secretion (RS) was obtained during a 30 min
      control period, at 5 min after a non-hypotensive hemorrhage (10 ml/kg), at 1, 3
      and 5 min after BK injection and at 15 min after the reinfusion of withdrawn
      blood. Four series of studies were conducted. Series I: BK injection into the
      LCx, Series II: saline injection into the LCx (sham), Series III: intravenous
      injection of BK, and Series IV: BK injection into the LCx in dogs with prior
      renal denervation. RS was suppressed by 80% (P less than 0.05) 5 min after
      injection of BK into the LCx. Saline injection (sham) into the LCx or intravenous
      BK administration did not inhibit RS. Furthermore, suppression of RS was not
      present in dogs with prior renal denervation. These results indicate that BK
      injection into the LCx causes a prompt reduction in the rate of RS and that this
      response is reflexively mediated by the renal nerves.

PMID- 6387355
TI  - Characterization of the binding of 3H-SCH 23390, a selective D-1 receptor
      antagonist ligand, in rat striatum.
AB  - A novel benzazepine, SCH 23390, has recently been described as a very potent and
      selective dopamine D-1 receptor antagonist based on its potent inhibition of
      dopamine sensitive adenylate cyclase and its selective displacement of 3H
      piflutixol from rat striatal receptor sites. In the present study, the in vitro
      binding of 3H-SCH 23390 to specific striatal receptor sites has been
      characterized. Binding was saturable and stereospecific, and the results of both
      saturation and competition studies are consistent with the binding of 3H-SCH
      23390 to a single striatal site. A KD of 0.53 nM was obtained through Scatchard
      analysis. Relative potencies of a variety of neuroleptics in competing with 3H
      SCH 23390 and also 3H-spiperone support an interpretation that the single site to
      which 3H-SCH 23390 binds is the D-1 dopamine receptor. Also, the binding capacity
      of 3H-SCH 23390 (69 pmoles/gm wet weight) is in agreement with published values
      for the binding capacities of 3H-piflutixol and 3H-flupentixol. These data,
      coupled with the low level of non-specific binding encountered with this
      radioligand (4-8% of total binding at normally employed ligand concentration of
      0.3 nM), its high specific activity and its negligible binding to plastic and
      glass surfaces make it ideally suited for studying interactions with this
      receptor.

PMID- 6387357
TI  - Response of superfused goldfish pituitary fragments to mammalian and salmon
      gonadotropin-releasing hormones.
AB  - Salmon and mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormones (sGnRH, mGnRH) were tested
      for their ability to stimulate in vitro gonadotropin (GtH) release from
      superfused goldfish pituitary fragments. A two minute exposure to either peptide
      was sufficient to stimulate a dose-dependent increase in GtH release which
      reached maximum levels in 15 minutes and returned to baseline within one hour.
      Both peptides were approximately equipotent in stimulating GtH release, as was a
      superactive analog of mGnRH. These results demonstrate that sGnRH is capable of
      directly stimulating GtH release from teleost pituitary tissue, and that
      structural differences between the three peptides tested do not result in
      significant differences in in vitro bioactivity.

PMID- 6387358
TI  - Effects of dopamine and norepinephrine on in vitro spontaneous and gonadotropin
      releasing hormone-induced gonadotropin release by dispersed cells or fragments of
      the goldfish pituitary.
AB  - Enzymatically dispersed goldfish pituitary cells or freshly prepared goldfish
      pituitary fragments continue to secrete gonadotropin spontaneously in a column
      perifusion system. After the establishment of basal secretion rates, treatment of
      dispersed pituitary cells with 5 and 500 nM dopamine, or pituitary fragments with
      50 and 100 nM dopamine, decreased the amount of gonadotropin released into the
      perifusate. Perifusion with 500 nM dopamine also abolished the gonadotropin
      release response to a 10 nM solution of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
      analogue in both perifusion systems. Perifusion of pituitary dispersed cells or
      fragment preparations obtained from sexually regressed goldfish with 50 nM
      norepinephrine consistently increased the amount of gonadotropin released into
      the perifusate. These results provide in vitro evidence for direct dopamine
      inhibition of spontaneous gonadotropin release, blockade by dopamine of
      gonadotropin-releasing hormone actions, and norepinephrine stimulation of
      gonadotropin secretion in goldfish.

PMID- 6387359
TI  - Child abuse: a bidirectional phenomenon.

PMID- 6387360
TI  - [Viloxazine in the treatment of depression in the aged. Double-blind placebo
      study].

PMID- 6387362
TI  - A training card for microsurgery.
AB  - A training card for microsurgery is described which could be useful for
      beginners. The card is light in weight, inexpensive to produce, easy to use, and
      can be preserved as a record of progress.

PMID- 6387361
TI  - [Self-image of a group of pregnant women before and after echographic
      examination].

PMID- 6387363
TI  - Purification and inactivation of the factor X activator of Russell's viper venom
      with monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Two monoclonal antibodies, MP1 and MP2, specific for factor X activator (RVV-X)
      present in Russell's viper venom (RVV) have been produced. The antigenic
      components of the venom which bound to the antibodies on affinity columns showed
      identical mobilities, molecular weight 85,000, on sodium dodecyl
      sulphate/polyacrylamide gels. Antigen purified by one antibody bound to the
      other. The RVV components eluted from MP1 and MP2 affinity columns were active in
      promoting blood coagulation and hydrolysed purified factor X. Neutralization
      tests in vitro showed that MP2 but not MP1 inhibited the coagulant activity of
      RVV-X. Competitive binding assays showed that MP1 and MP2 recognized different
      antigenic sites on RVV-X. The possible clinical applications of these antibodies
      are discussed.

PMID- 6387364
TI  - Sex and insulin sensitivity.
AB  - To analyze whether enhanced adiposity in females as compared with males is
      associated with a decreased sensitivity to insulin, a group of healthy normal
      weight females (n = 13, age 21 +/- 1 years) and males (n = 11, age 23 +/- 1 year,
      mean +/- SEM) was studied. In each subject, body composition (% fat and %
      muscle), maximal aerobic power (VO2 max) and whole body insulin-mediated glucose
      metabolism were measured. The group of women had a higher percentage of fat to
      total body weight (P less than 0.001) and a lower percentage of muscle (P less
      than 0.001) than the group of men. The higher percentage of fat in women compared
      with males was due to enhanced peripheral fat accumulation in the arm and thigh
      regions. VO2 max levels were comparable in both groups (48 +/- 1 mL/kg/min for
      women, 53 +/- 2 mL/kg/min for men, P = NS). The rate of glucose metabolism (M)
      was comparable in women (8.78 +/- 0.74 mg/kg/min), and men (8.31 +/- 0.89
      mg/kg/min) when expressed per kilogram of total body weight, but when expressed
      per kilogram of muscle tissue (Mm), it was 45% higher in women (29.4 +/- 2.4
      mg/kg/min) than in men (20.2 +/- 1.6 mg/kg/min, P less than 0.005). Partial
      correlation analysis indicated that the percentage of fat was inversely related
      to M and Mm in both women (P less than 0.05) and men (P less than 0.05), but not
      to percentage of muscle or VO2 max. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Insulin-mediated glucose
      disposal is inversely related to adiposity in normal weight healthy males and
      females.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6387365
TI  - Fat feeding decreases insulin responsiveness of adipose tissue lipoprotein
      lipase.
AB  - The acute effect of fat feeding on the insulin-mediated stimulatory response of
      adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (ATLPL) was examined in normal-weight subjects.
      After two days of isocaloric-formula feeding, subjects were divided into the
      following four groups: intravenous (IV) saline alone (sal) (n = 5), IV saline and
      67 g of oral corn oil ingested at the outset of the infusion (sal/fat) (n = 5),
      IV insulin (40 mU/m2/min) and glucose to maintain euglycemia (ins/glu) (n = 9),
      and IV insulin and glucose and oral corn oil (ins/glu/fat) (n = 8). Triglycerides
      fell less in the ins/glu/fat group than in the ins/glu group (0 +/- 8% v 35 +/-
      5%, means +/- SEM, at three hours, P less than 0.01; 15 +/- 8% v 43 +/- 6% at six
      hours, P less than 0.02). ATLPL in the sal and sal/fat groups did not change
      during the six-hour period. When the responsiveness of ATLPL was compared between
      ins/glu/fat subjects and ins/glu subjects, decreases were seen at both three and
      six hours (-0.3 +/- 3.0 v 15.1 +/- 5.4 nEq/g/min, P less than 0.05; 6.7 +/- 2.7 v
      27.9 +/- 3.9 nEq/g/min, P less than 0.001). The glucose infusion rates needed to
      maintain euglycemia were also decreased by fat feeding, 229 +/- 18 v 287 +/- 20
      mg/m2/min (P less than 0.05). Thus, fat feeding with insulin and glucose
      infusions diminishes the insulin responsiveness of ATLPL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6387366
TI  - Insulin resistance in the aged: a quantitative evaluation of in vivo insulin
      sensitivity and in vitro glucose transport.
AB  - It has recently been made clear that reduced sensitivity to exogenous insulin can
      be demonstrated in the course of aging. This phenomenon has been further
      investigated with the aid of sophisticated techniques, such as the euglycemic
      clamp, which, when coupled with the measurement of hepatic glucose production,
      showed that "impaired tissue sensitivity to insulin is the primary factor
      responsible for the decrease of glucose tolerance in advancing age."
      Nevertheless, this study did not establish whether such impairment reflects
      reduced sensitivity (receptor deficiency) or reduced response (postreceptor or
      receptor plus postreceptor defect), as shown in other diseases. Evidence in favor
      of the view that receptor deficiency is responsible can be seen in our
      observation of an approximately 50% reduction in receptors in a study of insulin
      binding on isolated human fat cells. Two aspects of this question appeared to
      require further investigation: tissue sensitivity to receptor-saturating insulin
      concentration (euglycemic clamp at about 1000 microU/mL plasma insulin), and the
      glucose transport system coupled to the receptor. A decrease in receptors alone
      should shift the insulin sensitivity curve to the right, both in vivo (euglycemic
      clamp) and in vitro (glucose transport), with no reduction of the maximum effect.
      A solution to this question is proposed in the light of a study conducted on
      young volunteers and subjects over 65 years old.

PMID- 6387367
TI  - Diminished insulin receptors on monocytes and erythrocytes in
      hypertriglyceridemia.
AB  - Carbohydrate intolerance is a common observation in endogenous
      hypertriglyceridemia (HL). So far the nature of this metabolic defect, which
      accompanies postprandial hyperinsulinemia and a reduced hypoglycemic action of
      insulin, has not been elucidated. We have examined cellular insulin binding in 20
      subjects affected with HL (average plasma triglyceride level, 437 +/- 311 mg/dL)
      to test the possibility that a receptor defect is involved in peripheral insulin
      resistance. Monocytes from the HL subjects bound, on the average, 34% less
      insulin than cells from eight normotriglyceridemic controls of comparable age and
      body weight (average plasma TG level, 169 +/- 34 mg/dL). Likewise, erythrocytes
      from the HL group bound 29.6% less insulin than did those from control subjects.
      Scatchard analysis of the binding data revealed that the number of insulin
      receptors was reduced for both types of cells. To test if the abnormality in
      cellular insulin-binding capacity in these subjects is an inherent defect or
      secondary to the hypertriglyceridemia, 11 of the subjects participated in a 4
      month training program (120 minutes weekly of moderate exercise at 60% VO2 max),
      while the remaining nine persons served as controls. Training reduced the average
      plasma TG level from 373 +/- 270 to 277 +/- 139 mg/dL (P less than 0.01), but
      cellular insulin binding was not significantly affected. In addition, no
      correlation was found between the individual TG plasma concentration and cellular
      insulin binding. Thus, training itself also proved ineffective in enhancing
      insulin binding, most probably due to exertion of insufficient
      intensity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6387368
TI  - Increased erythrocyte sodium efflux during overfeeding without evidence of
      mediation by circulating catecholamines or thyroid hormone.
AB  - Ten slightly obese middle-aged men were instructed to increase their energy
      intake 25% during a period of 1 week, which was preceded by a control period of
      seven days. Body weight increased by 0.67 kg (SD 0.60) indicating good compliance
      with the regimen. Transmembrane sodium fluxes were determined with the use of
      22Na. The pre-diet erythrocyte sodium content was 9.7 mmol/L (SD 0.8) decreasing
      to 8.9 mmol/L (SD 1.1) (P less than 0.05) during overfeeding. The Na-efflux rate
      constant increased from 0.40 h-1 to 0.54 h-1 (P less than 0.05). Urinary
      excretion of catecholamines and concentrations of catecholamines and insulin in
      plasma and of thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and reverse T3 in serum did not
      change. Thus, overfeeding seems to enhance the total Na efflux in erythrocytes
      from slightly obese men. There were no measurable changes in thyroid hormone or
      catecholamine levels leaving the regulatory mechanisms unexplained.

PMID- 6387369
TI  - Properties and specificity of methionyl-tRNAfMet formyltransferase from
      Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6387370
TI  - Glu-tRNAGln: an intermediate in yeast mitochondrial protein synthesis.

PMID- 6387371
TI  - Aminoacyl-tRNA: protein transferases.

PMID- 6387372
TI  - Tyrosine incorporation in tubulin.

PMID- 6387373
TI  - S-adenosylmethionine: protein (arginine) N-methyltransferase (protein methylase
      I) (wheat germ).

PMID- 6387374
TI  - S-adenosylmethionine: protein-carboxyl O-methyltransferase (protein methylase
      II).

PMID- 6387375
TI  - The protein carboxylmethyltransferase involved in Escherichia coli and Salmonella
      typhimurium chemotaxis.

PMID- 6387376
TI  - Carboxylmethyl esterase of bacterial chemotaxis.

PMID- 6387378
TI  - N-terminal glyceride-cysteine modification of membrane penicillinases in gram
      positive bacteria.

PMID- 6387377
TI  - Isolation of D-aspartic acid beta-methyl ester from erythrocyte carboxyl
      methylated proteins.

PMID- 6387379
TI  - Diphthamide in elongation factor 2: ADP-ribosylation, purification, and
      properties.

PMID- 6387380
TI  - Diphthamide: in vitro biosynthesis.

PMID- 6387381
TI  - Evidence for poly(ADP-ribosyl) derivatives of carboxylates in histone.

PMID- 6387382
TI  - Determination of in vivo levels of polymeric and monomeric ADP-ribose by
      fluorescence methods.

PMID- 6387383
TI  - Quantification of in vivo levels of poly(ADP-ribose): tritium labeling method and
      radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 6387384
TI  - Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of nucleosomal chromatin: electrophoretic and
      immunofractionation methods.

PMID- 6387385
TI  - Enzymatic hydrolysis of native, soluble proteins and glycoproteins.

PMID- 6387386
TI  - Current literature.

PMID- 6387387
TI  - Information analysis for medical expert systems.

PMID- 6387388
TI  - Gene conversion at different points in the mitotic cycle of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae.
AB  - In the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitotic cycle, the timing of radiation-induced
      gene conversion has been studied using thermosensitive cell division cycle
      mutants. The cells were found to perform conversion at different G1 or post
      replication steps. A lower yield in induction is found during the G2 phase and is
      explained by the competition for recombinational repair between sister chromatids
      and homologous chromosomes. The results are discussed in relation to repair.

PMID- 6387389
TI  - Genetic analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae SY 15 relaxed mutant.
AB  - Evidence is presented showing that the relaxed phenotype of the SY15 mutant is
      determined by one nuclear recessive mutation. The most characteristic patterns of
      the relaxed phenotype in yeast - rRNA accumulation and rRNA processing in the
      absence of protein synthesis were found to segregate together in first and second
      generation crosses. Therefore, the interruption of rRNA processing that occurs
      after starvation for a required amino acid is a pleiotropic manifestation of the
      stringent control itself. It is suggested that the locus for the stringent
      response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (designated STR) coordinates the synthesis
      of rRNA on transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.

PMID- 6387390
TI  - Replicon size of yeast ribosomal DNA.
AB  - The ribosomal RNAs of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are transcribed from a
      9K bp stretch of DNA which is reiterated about 120-fold in a continuous array,
      about 360 microns long, on chromosome XII. Although ARS activity has been
      detected in the repeat unit, the size and disposition of replicons along this
      array of identical genes has not hitherto been determined. We have used
      immobilised rRNA as a probe to examine the size of radioactively labelled rDNA
      replicons resolved on alkaline sucrose gradients. The replicons were found to be
      uniformly sized, about 5 repeat units in length, and groups of 4 adjacent
      replicons may be activated simultaneously. These observations suggest that
      replicon initiation events are not determined solely by the recognition of
      specific DNA sequences that function as origins of replication.

PMID- 6387391
TI  - Regulation of the trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) reductase in Escherichia coli:
      analysis of tor::Mud1 operon fusion.
AB  - Mud1 insertion mutants of Escherichia coli were obtained in which the lac
      structural genes were fused to the promoter of torA, a gene encoding the
      trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) reductase. Expression of the fusion is induced by
      TMAO and repressed by oxygen. However, in contrast to the nar operon which codes
      for the nitrate reductase structural genes, the tor::Mud1 fusion was found to be
      independent of the positive control exerted by the nirR gene product and not
      repressed by the molybdenum cofactor. The torA gene which is strongly linked to
      pyrF (28.3U) is different from any tor gene already described in E. coli or in
      Salmonella typhimurium.

PMID- 6387392
TI  - Effect of caffeine on ozone-sensitivity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - The addition of 0.1% caffeine to the plating medium markedly reduced the ozone
      survival of the wild-type and the rad1 and rad6 mutants of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae, whereas no effect was observed in the rad52 mutant. Since, in S.
      cerevisiae, caffeine has been reported to interfere with the recombinational
      repair pathway under the control of the RAD52 gene, these results support
      previous observations suggesting that this pathway is involved in the repair of
      ozone-induced DNA damage.

PMID- 6387393
TI  - Isolation and characterization of regulatory mutations affecting the expression
      of the guaBA operon of Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - We isolated strains of Escherichia coli K 12 in which the lac structural genes
      were fused to the structural genes of the guaBA operon. These strains were used
      to isolate regulatory mutations that increased the expression of the guaBA operon
      under normal repressing conditions as compared to the wild type parental fusion
      strain. Three classes of guaBA specific regulatory mutations were identified.
      Class I regulatory mutations were trans-acting and unlinked to the guaBA operon
      as shown by bacteriophage P1 transduction. Class II regulatory mutations were
      tightly linked to the guaBA operon, cis-dominant to the wild type allele in a cis
      trans analysis and were regarded as control region mutations. Class III
      regulatory mutations were tightly linked to the guaBA operon and trans-recessive
      to the wild type allele in a cis-trans analysis. We have designated the locus
      responsible for the class III regulatory mutations as guaR. The guaR locus is
      tightly linked and was mapped to the counterclockwise side of the guaBA operon.
      The guaR locus is proposed to specify a trans acting regulatory element involved
      in the regulation of the guaBA operon.

PMID- 6387394
TI  - Undermodification in the first position of the anticodon of supG-tRNA reduces
      translational efficiency.
AB  - Two mutants of Escherichia coli, trmC1 and trmC2, which are both defective in the
      synthesis of 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine (mnm5s2U) were utilized to study
      the function of this complex modified nucleoside. Transfer RNAs specific for
      glutamine, glutamic acid and lysine as well as a specific ochre suppressor
      derived from lysine tRNA (tRNAUAAlys encoded by the supG allele), contain this
      modified nucleoside at position 34 (the wobble position). It was found that two
      different undermodified derivatives of mnm5s2U were present in the two trmC
      mutants, which suggests that the two mutations affect two different enzymatic
      activities. Using the lacI-Z fusion system (Miller and Albertini 1983), we found
      that the efficiency of supG-mediated suppression was reduced to 30%-90% of the
      wild-type value in the trmC mutants. The modification-deficient supG-tRNA in the
      mutants showed a higher sensitivity to codon context than the normal tRNAUAAlys.

PMID- 6387395
TI  - Genetic mapping and cloning of the gene (trmC) responsible for the synthesis of
      tRNA (mnm5s2U)methyltransferase in Escherichia coli K12.
AB  - The trmC gene, responsible for the formation of 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine
      (mnm5s2U) from 2-thiouridine, present in the first position in the anticodon of
      some tRNAs, has been located at 50.5 min on the Escherichia coli K12 chromosome.
      Results from transductional mapping suggest that the trmC gene is located counter
      clockwise of aroC. A ColE1 hybrid plasmid carrying the aroC+, trmC+ and hisT+
      genes was isolated, and the gene order was established, by subcloning, to be hisT
      trmC-aroC. The trmC gene is located 1.9 kb from the aroC gene. Two mutations
      (trmC1 and trmC2) were shown to be recessive, suggesting that the trmC gene is
      the structural gene for the tRNA-(mnm5s2U)methyltransferase.

PMID- 6387396
TI  - Mutational analysis of the MAL1 locus of Saccharomyces: identification and
      functional characterization of three genes.
AB  - Fermentation of maltose by Saccharomyces strains depends on the presence of any
      one of five unlinked MAL loci (MAL1, MAL2, MAL3, MAL4 or MAL6). Earlier
      mutational analyses of MAL2 and MAL6 containing strains have identified a single
      complementation group at each of these two loci. However complementation analysis
      between naturally occurring Mal- Saccharomyces strains isolated from the wild
      demonstrated the presence of two complementation groups (designated MALp and
      MALg) at the MAL1, MAL3 and MAL6 loci. The available evidence suggests that the
      MALp gene is functionally equivalent to the complementation group identified by
      mutational analysis at the MAL6 locus and that this gene encodes a protein
      involved in the regulation of the coordinate induction of both maltase and
      maltose permease synthesis. In this paper we report the isolation, in a well
      characterized MAL1 strain, of 47 mutants unable to ferment maltose. All the
      mutants, with one exception, map at the MAL1 locus. These mal1 mutants, except
      for one, are recessive to MAL1 and fall into two major complementation groups.
      Evidence is presented that these two classes of mutants identify both a gene
      involved in the regulation of maltose identify both a gene involved in the
      regulation of maltose fermentation (MAL1R) and a gene involved in maltose
      transport (MAL1T). We also report here the isolation of a temperature sensitive
      maltose nonfermenting mutant mapping at the MAL1 locus identifying a third gene
      (MAL1S) at this locus. The maltase synthesized by this mutant, when assayed in
      cell-free extracts, is significantly more thermolabile than the wild type
      enzyme.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6387397
TI  - Isolation and characterization of nucleoid proteins from Escherichia coli.
AB  - Of the molecular species of proteins associated with the nucleoids of Escherichia
      coli cells, those with relatively high affinity to bind to DNA were isolated and
      characterized. Seven classes of nucleoid proteins with molecular weights of
      9,000, 17,000 (two molecular species), 22,000, 24,000, 27,000 and 28,000 were
      isolated at more than 90% purity or were partially purified. On the basis of its
      amino acid composition and other chemical properties, the 9,000 dalton protein
      was identified as HLP II (or HU protein or BH2) (Pettijohn 1982; Rouviere-Yaniv
      and Gros 1975; Varshavsky et al. 1978). The 17 K protein consisted of two
      molecular species and one of these, 17 K (a) protein, seemed to be identical with
      HLPI (or protein 1 or BH1) reported previously (Pettijohn 1982; Varshavsky et al.
      1977; Varshavsky et al. 1978). The 26 K protein was identical to the 22 K protein
      (Kishi et al. 1982). The 27 K protein showed immunological cross-reactivity with
      the antibody for histone H2A and was thus identified as the H protein reported
      previously (Hubscher et al. 1980). Two basic proteins, 9 K and 17 K(a), showed
      relatively high binding affinities to DNA, while the 28 K protein showed moderate
      binding affinity. The biological significance of these nucleoid proteins, which
      constitute a family of proteins participating in formation of the nucleoid
      structure, is discussed.

PMID- 6387398
TI  - Organization and processing of the mitochondrial oxi3/oli2 multigenic transcript
      in yeast.
AB  - In the present article, we confirm our previous proposal (Faye and Simon 1983a,
      b) that the oxi3 and oli2 genes belong to the same transcription unit.
      Furthermore, we have shown that a primary polycistronic transcript covers oxi3,
      aap1, oli2 and extends beyond URF2. Transcriptional analysis of this region
      revealed several cleavage points. The examination of the DNA sequence at and
      surrounding these cleavage points disclosed that some of them take place at or
      near specific sequences found also in other known multigenic transcripts. Two of
      the major cleavages involve the stem-loop structure of GC rich clusters. We
      discuss the possibility that some of these cleavage sites serve as post
      transcriptional processing signals and may be necessary for the maturation of the
      precursor RNA.

PMID- 6387399
TI  - Isolation and characterization of spontaneous srl-recA deletion mutants in
      Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - A method was developed for the isolation of spontaneous mutants of Escherichia
      coli K-12 with deletions extending from the srl operon to the adjacent recA gene.
      The srl-recA deletion mutants were extremely sensitive to dNA-damaging agents;
      unable to support growth of the feckless red gam mutant lambda bio11; and
      recombination-deficient in transduction and in conjugation. They therefore
      resembled recA point mutants such as recA13. The existence of these recA deletion
      mutants shows that the recA gene is not essential for viability.

PMID- 6387401
TI  - Immunosuppressive activities of peritoneal and splenic macrophages in murine
      leprosy: effect on lymphocyte transformation and tumor growth.
AB  - The ability of peritoneal macrophages (PM) and splenic macrophages (SM) to
      suppress tumor growth and lymphocyte transformation in vitro was studied in
      infected mice with Mycobacterium lepraemurium (MLM). Both PM and SM of leprous
      mice showed cytostatic activity against tumor cells in vitro. However, such cells
      showed significantly less cytostatic activity on a per cell basis than highly
      activated macrophages obtained from Corynebacterium parvum-immunized mice.
      Furthermore, this cytostatic activity declined as the infection progressed.
      Mitogen-induced transformation of splenic lymphocytes was also suppressed in the
      presence of adherent PM and SM from leprous mice. PM from leprous mice showed
      significantly less activity than PM from C. parvum-immunized mice in terms of
      suppression of lymphocyte transformation. Moreover, PM from leprous mice treated
      with C. parvum or sodium thioglycollate broth demonstrated significantly less
      ability to suppress lymphocyte transformation than did PM from similarly treated
      normal mice or untreated leprous mice. These findings demonstrated that MLM
      infection stimulates the mononuclear phagocyte system but does not activated it
      to the extent that it confers enhanced resistance to MLM on the host.

PMID- 6387400
TI  - Nitrofurantoin-resistant mutants of Escherichia coli: isolation and mapping.
AB  - Mutants of Escherichia coli resistant to nitrofurantoin have been isolated. The
      mutations, designated nfnA and nfnB were introduced individually into a multiply
      auxotrophic E. coli F- strain and mapped by conjugation and transduction. nfnA is
      located at 79.8 min and nfnB at 13.0 min on the E. coli chromosome.

PMID- 6387402
TI  - [Antibacterial effect of cefoperazone].
AB  - Seven hundreds fifty three strains of pathogen microorganisms were investigated
      for in-vitro sensitivity of cefoperazone and of some other wide spectrum
      antibiotics. Cefoperazone has found to have very wide spectrum of inhibition
      against frequently isolated microorganisms from clinical specimens.

PMID- 6387403
TI  - Clinical syndromes associated with disorders of renal tubular chloride transport:
      excess and deficiency of a circulating factor?
AB  - Two contrasting patients are described, one with pseudo-Bartter's syndrome
      induced by frusemide abuse and the other a case of hyporeninaemic
      hypoaldosteronism. The clinical and biochemical features of these two conditions
      are the opposite of each other and, in the first patient, the effects of
      frusemide were antagonised by treatment with indomethacin while in the second
      frusemide itself corrected the syndrome. The decreased pressor sensitivity to
      infused angiotensin II seen in the patient with pseudo-Bartter's syndrome was
      corrected with indomethacin and the enhanced pressor sensitivity seen in
      hyporeninaemic hypoaldosteronism was reversed with frusemide. Frusemide, an agent
      which blocks chloride transport at the ascending limb of Henle's loop, was
      respectively thus the cause and the cure of these conditions. On the basis of
      this the suggestion is made that Bartter's syndrome and hyporeninaemic
      hypoaldosteronism represent respectively an excess and a deficiency of a
      circulating factor similar to frusemide capable of blocking renal tubular
      chloride transport.

PMID- 6387405
TI  - Are prohormones converted to hormones during secretion?
AB  - A number of lines of evidence suggest that the polypeptide prohormone converting
      enzyme is a trypsin-like serine protease. A model is proposed in which the
      converting enzyme is activated from an inactive zymogen during secretion.
      Converting enzyme then activates co-secreted prohormone proteolytically. An
      important feature of the model lies in the geometry of the secretory granule
      immediately after exocytosis. It is suggested that initially diffusion of the
      granule contents is limited enough to allow extensive proteolysis to occur.
      Conversion of prohormone to hormone is terminated by diffusion of converting
      enzyme and prohormone from the site of release.

PMID- 6387404
TI  - Modulation of presynaptic gamma aminobutyric acid release by prostaglandin E2:
      explanation for epileptogenic activity and dysfunction in autonomic cardiac
      neural discharge leading to arrhythmias?
AB  - Sudden unexplained death accounts for 5-17% of deaths in the epileptic
      population. It has no known etiology by definition but autonomic dysfunction has
      been mentioned as a possible progenitor. A review of the literature was begun to
      ascertain a possible mechanism by which epileptogenic activity and autonomic
      dysfunction may be induced in these patients. Prostaglandin E2 is implicated as a
      possible gamma aminobutyric acid neurotransmitter inhibiting agent responsible
      for epileptogenic activity and autonomic dysfunction leading to arrhythmias in
      epileptic patients who suddenly die from unexplainable causes.

PMID- 6387406
TI  - Clinical correlations between serum glucose variance and reported symptoms in
      human subjects.
AB  - The evidence presented in this report suggests that, in both a healthy people and
      patient populations, there are clinical and biochemical (fasting serum glucose)
      gradations of health and sickness. What is particularly fascinating is the fact
      that, as one progressively develops a symptomless and signfree subset, the blood
      glucose levels become more homogeneous, meaning that glucose scores cluster to
      the mean. This enhances the diagnostic, therapeutic and predictive utility of
      blood glucose scores. While such clinico-biochemical parallelisms are clear, it
      is essential to mention the point that they do not necessarily prove cause-and
      effect. But our interest has been sufficiently stimulated to study several other
      possible correlates between biochemical variances and the degree of reported
      symptomatology.

PMID- 6387407
TI  - Accuracy of ultrasound arteriography in symptomatic patients with carotid bruits
      and negative or equivocal noninvasive testing.
AB  - Twenty patients with cervical bruits and complete noninvasive workup--including
      Doppler ultrasonography, oculoplethysmography, and carotid phonoangiography--were
      further studied with ultrasound arteriography and contrast angiography. This
      unique group of patients who had cervical bruit and equivocal noninvasive testing
      results were found to have 14 abnormal angiograms. The Doppler ultrasound
      arteriography demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 66.7% specificity by patient,
      when compared to contrast angiography.

PMID- 6387408
TI  - The magnetic hands.

PMID- 6387409
TI  - Etienne Marey and the electric torpedo fish.

PMID- 6387411
TI  - Cholera.

PMID- 6387410
TI  - 1984: medical watershed?

PMID- 6387412
TI  - The case for acute intervention.

PMID- 6387414
TI  - Surgery runs amok.

PMID- 6387413
TI  - Aubrey James Tow.

PMID- 6387415
TI  - EIA test for leptospirosis.

PMID- 6387416
TI  - Progesterone for premenstrual syndrome.

PMID- 6387417
TI  - Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (Augmentin).

PMID- 6387418
TI  - Influence of K99 on the phagocytosis and killing of K99-positive Escherichia coli
      by mouse peritoneal cells in vitro.
AB  - The expression of K99-plasmid encoded products was examined to assess their
      influence on phagocytosis and killing by mouse peritoneal cells. Strains of K99
      positive Escherichia coli were cultured under varying conditions which either
      allowed or inhibited the expression of K99-plasmid products. The survival of
      phagocytosis by the bacteria was found to depend more on the expression of the
      K99 antigen than the expression of its associated adhesin.

PMID- 6387419
TI  - The mode of action of antibody in neutrophil bactericidal activity against highly
      pathogenic group-B streptococci.
AB  - An investigation was undertaken into the post-phagocytic action of specific
      antibody in initiating neutrophil bactericidal activity against highly pathogenic
      group-B streptococci that survive within these cells. Specific antibody appears
      to gain access to the interior of the neutrophil and binds to the intracellular
      bacteria. Activation of Fc receptors on the neutrophil surface is not sufficient
      to initiate bactericidal activity, but the antibody may utilise the surface Fc
      receptors to gain access to the ingested organisms. Fusion of the lysosomes with
      the phagosomes containing the streptococci occurs normally in the cells, and
      proceeds in both the presence and absence of specific antibody. The organisms are
      resistant, however, to the microbicidal agents of lysosomes. A significant role
      is demonstrated for specific antibody in "masking" protective determinants on the
      bacterial surface during the destruction of these organisms by neutrophils. The
      relevance of antibody entry into neutrophils in relation to the treatment of
      bacterial infection is discussed.

PMID- 6387420
TI  - Acute transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - A patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia had typical cell morphology and a
      characteristic clinical course for 7 years. He then developed progressive disease
      with a rapidly rising WBC which proved resistant to chemotherapy. The cells
      resembled lymphoblasts. Immunoperoxidase studies demonstrated identical
      immunoglobulin light and heavy chains on the surface of both mature lymphocytes
      and lymphoblasts. Using a recently described monoclonal antibody, B5, a "blast"
      antigen was demonstrated on the lymphoblast cell surface, but not on the mature
      lymphocytes. On the basis of morphological and immunological studies, we suggest
      that the patient's malignant clone transformed from chronic lymphocytic leukemia
      to acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

PMID- 6387422
TI  - [Approximate determination of the date of delivery using ultrasound between 18
      and 32 weeks of pregnancy].

PMID- 6387421
TI  - Fruit flies, yeasts, and onc genes: developmental biology and cancer research
      come together.

PMID- 6387423
TI  - [Ultrasound in the diagnosis of cholelithiasis].

PMID- 6387424
TI  - [Late complications of BCG vaccination].

PMID- 6387425
TI  - [The importance of ultrasonic diagnosis in hemorrhage during pregnancy after the
      14th week of gestation].

PMID- 6387426
TI  - Bacterial triterpenoids.

PMID- 6387428
TI  - Circulatory volume in essential hypertension. Relationships with age, blood
      pressure, exchangeable sodium, renin, aldosterone and catecholamines.
AB  - The circulatory volume and exchangeable sodium were measured in 110 normal
      subjects and 120 patients with benign untreated essential hypertension. The two
      study groups did not differ in age, sodium and potassium metabolism, and plasma
      levels of renin, aldosterone and norepinephrine, while plasma epinephrine was
      slightly higher in essential hypertension. Total plasma and blood volume
      correlated with total exchangeable sodium (r = 0.64-0.75; p less than 0.001);
      these correlations were similar in normal and hypertensive subjects. Body surface
      area was found to be the most appropriate frame of reference for judging
      individual values of plasma and blood volume or exchangeable sodium; using this
      approach these body constituents were on average normal in the hypertensive
      population. Blood volume was unrelated to age or blood pressure in normal and
      hypertensive subjects. Exchangeable sodium tended to increase with age (r = 0.25;
      p less than 0.02) and correlated positively with blood pressure (r = 0.25; p less
      than 0.02) in essential hypertension but not in normal subjects. The latter body
      constituent was slightly but significantly decreased in hypertensive males aged
      less than 35 years as compared with appropriate normal controls (96.1 +/- 6.8%
      versus 99.6 +/- 6.7%; p less than 0.05). These findings confirm that blood volume
      and exchangeable sodium are on average normal in patients with benign essential
      hypertension. Body sodium may even be decreased in certain young hypertensive
      patients. These observations do not support the concept that hypervolemia may
      represent the initial event leading to high blood pressure in essential
      hypertension; in contrast, changes in blood volume appear to reflect variations
      in blood pressure.

PMID- 6387429
TI  - The development of inhalation anesthesia.

PMID- 6387430
TI  - [Clinical controls of fluoride-containing chewing gums. II].

PMID- 6387431
TI  - [Saprophytic and parasitic Candida albicans: a pathogenetic problem in oral
      pathology].

PMID- 6387432
TI  - [Localization, physiopathology and functional implications of zinc with special
      reference to the stomatognathic apparatus. Current approaches and new findings].

PMID- 6387433
TI  - [Diflunisal and acetylsalicylic acid: a double-blind study of their effect on
      postextraction pain].

PMID- 6387435
TI  - [An ultrastructural study of the changes of the liver and spleen induced by
      experimental E. coli endotoxin shock--with special reference to effects of the
      low-dose heparin therapy].
AB  - Firstly, the author has investigated how low-dose heparin had influence on
      reticuloendothelial system of the normal Wistar rats. Secondly, the effect of the
      low-dose heparin therapy on E. coli endotoxin shock was investigated as to the
      ultrastructural changes of the liver and spleen of rats. Activation of the
      phagocytosis which was substantiated by increased uptake of the carbon was
      observed in heparin administered rats. In this group, abundant development of
      intra-cellular organellae was noted in the cytoplasm of the hepatic Kupffer
      cells, macrophages and reticulum cells of the spleen. The E.coli endotoxin
      administration resulted in formation of micro-thrombi in sinusoidal spaces of the
      liver at 4 hours after administration. The Kupffer cells also involved in
      striking disintegration and necrosis. Similarly the sinusoidal lining cells were
      denudated with disintegration and necrosis. The above-mentioned changes persisted
      for long term, while the changes less in heparin administered group. The active
      phagocytic process was discernible in the latter group. Cellular preservation was
      also excellent in the spleen. The mortality was lower in initial heparin-treated
      group in comparison with that of untreated control group.

PMID- 6387434
TI  - [Experimental heart transplantation in dogs--preservation of isolated hearts for
      36 hours by retrograde coronary sinus microperfusion].
AB  - In this study, the method of preserving isolated canine hearts for
      transplantation was established. The newly-developed method is named retrograde
      coronary sinus microperfusion technique. Canine hearts were arrested and cooled
      to 4 degrees C by means of normograde coronary perfusion with Collins' solution
      containing 10% fluorocarbon (FC) in order to avoid myocardial damage during warm
      ischemic time. Then, the hearts, immersed in Collins' solution, were retrogradely
      perfused through a coronary sinus at a rate of 60 ml/hr or 30 ml/hr with above
      mentioned solution. After preservation for 36 hours, heterotopic heart
      transplantation was performed in an abdominal cavity of a recipient dog. The 36
      hour-preserved hearts restored their cardiac beat after reperfusion with
      recipient blood. Histological observation did not show any abnormal findings in
      these preserved hearts. In order to evaluate the cardiac functions of preserved
      hearts for 24 to 36 hours, left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume ratio
      (Emax) and end-diastolic pressure-volume relation were measured. Both were well
      restored in 24 hour-preserved hearts. The 36 hour-preserved hearts resulted in
      Emax within a satisfactory range, while end-diastolic pressure was elevated in
      all cases. This was markedly impaired with infusion of isoproterenol. These
      results strongly suggested that transplantation using 24 hour-preserved hearts
      could be performed well. On the other hand, the 36 hour-preserved hearts were
      considered to function satisfactorily under careful management after grafting.
      The retrograde coronary sinus microperfusion method developed here was found to
      be useful for a distant heart procurement.

PMID- 6387436
TI  - [Flow cytometric analysis of hepatocellular regeneration after partial
      hepatectomy and administration of hepatotrophic factors].
AB  - Kinetics of hepatocellular regeneration after 30% and 70% hepatectomy and the
      effect of hepatotrophic factors on the normal liver and regenerating livers after
      hepatectomy were investigated by flow-cytometric analysis using adult male rats.
      The results were as follows: The DNA histogram of hepatocytes in the normal group
      had two peaks in G0G1 and G2M components; G0G1 29% S 13%, G2M 58%. In the 30%
      hepatectomized group, the peak of G2M slightly increased, and remarkable change
      was not noticed during 4 weeks. In the 70% hepatectomized group, the percentage
      of hepatocytes in G0G1 and G2M were markedly changed during 2 days after
      hepatectomy. The peak of G0G1 moved to S after 24 hours, to G2M after 36 hours
      and returned to G0G1 after 48 hours. Afterwards the G0G1 gradually decreased
      while the G2M increased and they finally reached a single peak of G2M at the 7th
      day. Supernatant of the intestinal homogenate after hepatectomy and EGF initiated
      the cell kinetics in normal and regenerating rat livers. Changes on cell kinetics
      was not observed after insulin and glucagon administration.

PMID- 6387437
TI  - Clinical evaluation of amitraz for treatment of canine scabies.
AB  - A liquid concentrate formulation of amitraz (Mitaban: Upjohn) was used to
      topically treat 181 dogs with scabies, at an active drug level of 250 ppm, or
      10.6 ml of concentrate in 2 gal water. After the dogs were clipped and bathed,
      the diluted medication was applied and allowed to dry on the animal. All treated
      dogs were clinically improved and 97.8% cured after a single treatment; 3 dogs
      required 2 treatments and 1 dog 3 treatments. Otodectes cynotis and Cheyletiella
      yasguri in several dogs were also cleared after 1 treatment. Mild, transient
      sedation occurred in 12.4% of treated dogs, with transient vomiting, increased
      appetite and diarrhea in less than 1%.

PMID- 6387438
TI  - The stimulus-secretion coupling of amino acid-induced insulin release. Inhibition
      of islet respiration and insulin release by aminooxyacetate.
AB  - Aminooxyacetate, an inhibitor of cytosolic transamination reactions, inhibited
      insulin release evoked by either 2-ketoisocaproate or L-leucine in rat pancreatic
      islets incubated in the presence of L-glutamine or L-asparagine. As a rule,
      aminooxyacetate also inhibited the oxidation of these nutrient secretagogues and
      impaired the respiratory response of the islets to the combinations of nutrients.
      However, the oxidative and secretory response to the combination of L-leucine and
      L-glutamine was less severely affected by aminooxyacetate than that evoked by the
      three other combinations of exogenous nutrients. These findings reinforce the
      view that the stimulus-secretion coupling of insulin release in response to L
      leucine and 2-ketoisocaproate in association with either L-glutamine or L
      asparagine tightly depends on the oxidation of these nutrient secretagogues, on
      their effect upon O2 uptake and, within limits, on the intracellular site of
      generation of reducing equivalents in the pancreatic islet cells.

PMID- 6387439
TI  - Surface proteins in different isolates of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes.
AB  - Epimastigotes from several Trypanosoma cruzi stocks were labeled by iodination
      with Chloramine T and their proteins detected by gel electrophoresis and
      autoradiography. The labeled proteins from the parasite surface were detected
      after immunoprecipitation with antisera against fixed trypanosomes or from
      infected rabbits. These antisera were able to recognize one or more proteins in
      all T. cruzi isolates analyzed, but the individual patterns differed from each
      other. Variations in the surface protein patterns were also observed in two
      Tulahuen stocks kept during several years under different conditions. Growth
      medium as well as the stage of growth at which the parasites were collected had
      also an effect upon the relative amount of the observed labeled proteins.

PMID- 6387427
TI  - The respiratory chains of Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6387442
TI  - Multiforms of megamodulin-dependent protein kinases from baker's yeast.
AB  - Multiforms of megamodulin-dependent protein kinases (M-PK) were partially
      purified from baker's yeast by excluding endogenous megamodulin with histone, and
      then by gel filtration with Sephadex G-200. The stimulation of M-PK in the
      presence of Mg2+, Mn2+ or Co2+ was enhanced by yeast megamodulin. In addition,
      similar augmented activity of M-PK was also noted in the presence of Mg2+ by
      megamodulins prepared from E. coli, bovine brain and wheat germ.

PMID- 6387441
TI  - Genetic modifications during cellular aging.
AB  - We review evidence that biological aging is a genetic process related to
      development and cytodifferentiation and thus may involve alterations of DNA
      structure and gene expression. We conclude that although determined to a high
      degree aging also involves stochastic features which lead to progressive somatic
      cell diversification during the life span. These considerations may help to
      explain the unevenness of physiological decline and the clonal emergence of
      certain age-dependent diseases such as cancer.

PMID- 6387440
TI  - What's new in lysozyme research? Always a model system, today as yesterday.
AB  - The present review is focused on the main achievements realized in the lysozyme
      research field since the meeting held in 1972 to commemorate the fiftieth
      anniversary of the discovery of this enzyme. Despite of extensive structural,
      physico-chemical, crystallographic, genetic, immunological and evolutionary
      studies devoted to lysozymes, their biological role is still not exactly known.

PMID- 6387443
TI  - Conservative replication of double-stranded RNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by
      displacement of progeny single strands.
AB  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains two double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules, L
      and M, encapsulated in virus-like particles. After cells are transferred from
      dense (13C 15N) to light (12C 14N) medium, only two density classes of dsRNA are
      found, fully light (LL) and fully dense (HH). Cells contain single-stranded
      copies of both dsRNAs and, at least for L dsRNA, greater than 99% of these single
      strands are the positive protein-encoding strand. Single-stranded copies of L and
      M dsRNA accumulate rapidly in cells arrested in the G1 phase. These results
      parallel previous observations on L dsRNA synthesis and are consistent with a
      role of the positive single strands as intermediates in dsRNA replication. We
      propose that new positive strands are displaced from parental molecules and
      subsequently copied to produce the completely new duplexes.

PMID- 6387444
TI  - The gene and the pseudogene for mouse p53 cellular tumor antigen are located on
      different chromosomes.
AB  - The chromosomal assignments of the two genes encoding the murine p53 cellular
      tumor antigen were determined by using a panel of mouse-Chinese hamster somatic
      cell hybrid clones and a mouse p53-specific cDNA clone. One gene, probably the
      functional member of the family, was found to be on chromosome 11. The other
      gene, which is probably a processed pseudogene, was assigned to chromosome 14.
      The potential relevance of these findings to documented cases of chromosome 11
      trisomy are also discussed.

PMID- 6387445
TI  - Cytoplasmic and secreted Saccharomyces cerevisiae invertase mRNAs encoded by one
      gene can be differentially or coordinately regulated.
AB  - A single structural gene, SUC2, encodes both secreted and cytoplasmic invertase
      in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is known that the unprocessed polypeptides which
      differ by a secretion signal sequence are encoded by separate mRNAs. This unusual
      transcriptional organization raises the question as to the degree to which the
      transcripts can be independently regulated. To define a system for studying this
      problem, we examined invertase transcription after various physiological
      perturbations of cells: rapid catabolite derepression, heat shock, and cell cycle
      arrest. With each treatment, fluctuations in mRNA levels for both cytoplasmic and
      secreted invertase were observed. We concluded that (i) catabolite-derepressed
      synthesis of the mRNAs occurs rapidly after a drop in glucose, is a sustained
      response, and does not require de novo protein synthesis; (ii) heat shock
      transcription of both invertase mRNAs is, in contrast, a brief and transient
      response requiring de novo protein synthesis; and (iii) alpha-mating hormone
      treatment (G1 phase arrest and release) results in regular and coordinated
      synthesis of both mRNAs midway between rounds of histone mRNA synthesis. We
      propose that invertase mRNA regulation involves constitutively synthesized
      transcriptional factors (observed during catabolite derepression) and transient
      factors (observed during heat shock and possibly during synchronous growth).
      Moreover, the mRNA levels for secreted and cytoplasmic invertase can be
      independently regulated.

PMID- 6387448
TI  - Computer-assisted morphometric analysis of late renal radiation injury.

PMID- 6387446
TI  - Double-stranded RNAs that encode killer toxins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae:
      unstable size of M double-stranded RNA and inhibition of M2 replication by M1.
AB  - The sizes of M1 and M2 (but not L) change rapidly with growth, varying by perhaps
      as much as 33%. Size variation is seen within 76 generations. In addition, the
      exclusion of M2 by M1 or L-A-E [( EXL]) is mediated by inhibition of replication
      or segregation, not by enhanced degradation of preexisting molecules.

PMID- 6387447
TI  - Post-transcriptional control of the onset of DNA synthesis by an insulin-like
      growth factor.
AB  - The control of eucaryotic cell proliferation is governed largely by a series of
      regulatory events which occur in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. When stimulated
      to proliferate, quiescent (G0) 3T3 fibroblasts require transcription, rapid
      translation, and three growth factors for the growth state transition. We
      examined exponentially growing 3T3 cells to relate the requirements for G1
      transit to those necessary for the transition from the G0 to the S phase. Cycling
      cells in the G1 phase required transcription, rapid translation, and a single
      growth factor (insulin-like growth factor [IGF] I) to initiate DNA synthesis. IGF
      I acted post-transcriptionally at a late G1 step. All cells in the G1 phase
      entered the S phase on schedule if either insulin (hyperphysiological
      concentration) or IGF I (subnanomolar concentration) was provided as the sole
      growth factor. In medium lacking all growth factors, only cells within 2 to 3 h
      of the S phase were able to initiate DNA synthesis. Similarly, cells within 2 to
      3 h of the S phase were less dependent on transcription and translation for entry
      into the S phase. Cells responded very differently to inhibited translation than
      to growth factor deprivation. Cells in the early and mid-G1 phases did not
      progress toward the S phase during transcriptional or translational inhibition,
      and during translational inhibition they actually regressed from the S phase. In
      the absence of growth factors, however, these cells continued progressing toward
      the S phase, but still required IGF at a terminal step before initiating DNA
      synthesis. We conclude that a suboptimal condition causes cells to either
      progress or regress in the cell cycle rather than freezing them at their initial
      position. By using synchronized cultures, we also show that in contrast to
      earlier events, this final, IGF-dependent step did not require new transcription.
      This result is in contrast to findings that other growth factors induce new
      transcription. We examined the requirements for G1 transit by using a chemically
      transformed 3T3 cell line (BPA31 cells) which has lost some but not all ability
      to regulate its growth. Early- and mid-G1-phase BPA31 cells required
      transcription and translation to initiate DNA synthesis, although they did not
      regress from the S phase during translational inhibition. However, these cells
      did not need IGF for entry into the S phase.

PMID- 6387449
TI  - A systems approach to cell image analysis.

PMID- 6387450
TI  - Digital microscopy.

PMID- 6387451
TI  - Computed cell image information.

PMID- 6387452
TI  - [Inpatient, day clinic and ambulatory care of chronically ill children-
      neuropediatric viewpoints].
AB  - In treating children suffering from diseases of the central or peripheral nervous
      system ambulatory and day-clinical care becomes more and more important. The
      usually complex problems of rehabilitation and integration are dealt effectively
      in this way. Secondary effects of handicapping conditions can often be prevented.

PMID- 6387453
TI  - [Bacterial adhesion to buccal epithelial cells as a permanent indicator of
      recurrent urinary tract infections].
AB  - Adhesion of a 3H-thymidine-labeled reference strain of enterococci to epithelial
      cells of buccal mucosa from 20 young female patients with rec. UTI (aged 3 to 15
      years) and 19 urologically healthy girls was investigated. Bacterial attachment
      in children with rec. UTI was significantly higher statistically than in the
      healthy control group and did not show any alteration when tested separately
      during acute UTI (14 cases) and infection-free intervals (17 cases). There was no
      difference in adherence between patients with rec. UTI connected with diverse
      anomalies of the urinary tract (12 girls) and UTI patients without anomalies (8
      girls). Within the patient group 3 cases under antimicrobial prophylaxis with co
      trimoxazole showed bacterial adhesion similar to that in healthy controls. Our
      examination results lead to the assumption that attachment of enterococci to
      buccal epithelial cells can be used as a diagnostic criterion for rec. UTI.

PMID- 6387454
TI  - [Irreversible renal failure following minimal change nephrosis].
AB  - A boy developed a nephrotic syndrome at the age of two years, and remained
      steroid sensitive for twelve years. In this time more than twenty relapses
      occurred. Two renal biopsies showed minimal changes. Renal function was normal
      all along. At an age of 14 years he developed an irreversible renal failure.
      Since this time he remained dependent to dialysis. A third renal biopsy now shows
      a perimembranous glomerulonephritis with a diffuse interstitial fibrosis.

PMID- 6387455
TI  - Richard H. Marshak, M.D. An appreciation.

PMID- 6387456
TI  - Ultrasound and computed tomography in the evaluation of inflammatory bowel
      disease.

PMID- 6387457
TI  - Steroid-responsive dysphagia: a clue to the diagnosis of esophageal lymphoma.

PMID- 6387458
TI  - Radiologic evaluation of the portal system by the newer modalities of computed
      tomography and ultrasound.

PMID- 6387459
TI  - A dozen pediatric ultrasonic donuts.

PMID- 6387460
TI  - The history and development of cardiovascular monitoring during anesthesia.

PMID- 6387461
TI  - The low-T3, low-T4 syndrome of nonthyroidal illness: adaptive temporary
      hypothyroidism.

PMID- 6387462
TI  - Clinical applications of gastrointestinal motility tests.

PMID- 6387463
TI  - Dr. Alma Howard: 1913-1984.

PMID- 6387464
TI  - Mutagenicity of benzidine and 4-aminobiphenyl after metabolic activation with
      isolated hepatocytes and liver 9000 X g supernatant from rat, hamster and guinea
      pig.
AB  - The mutagenicity of benzidine and 4-aminobiphenyl towards Salmonella typhimurium
      strain TA1538 was measured in the presence of isolated hepatocytes from rat,
      hamster and guinea pig. The mutagenic potency of these compounds was also assayed
      with S9 (9000 X g supernatant) prepared from disrupted hepatocytes. The influence
      of acetyl coenzyme A, the cofactor for the acetylation reaction, on the
      mutagenicity of these aryl amines was investigated. For all 3 animal species it
      was found that the mutagenicity of benzidine is higher with intact hepatocytes
      than with S9 prepared from disrupted hepatocytes. Addition of acetyl coenzyme A
      to the S9 fraction increased the mutagenicity of benzidine. In contrast to
      benzidine, the mutagenicity of 4-aminobiphenyl appeared to be lower with
      hepatocytes than with S9. Addition of acetyl coenzyme A to the S9 fraction
      decreased the mutagenicity of 4-aminobiphenyl. The mutagenic potency of 4
      aminobiphenyl was almost equal in the presence of the liver preparations from the
      3 different species, whereas obvious species differences were seen with
      benzidine.

PMID- 6387465
TI  - Superoxide dismutase acts as an enhancing factor for quercetin mutagenesis in rat
      liver cytosol by preventing its decomposition.
AB  - The mutagenicity of quercetin towards Salmonella typhimurium TA98 was enhanced by
      rat-liver cytosol. The enhancing factors in the cytosol were separated into 4
      fractions by gel filtration, and one of them was identified as superoxide
      dismutase (SOD). It is suggested that SOD increases the mutagenicity of quercetin
      by protecting it from degradation.

PMID- 6387466
TI  - A desmutagenic factor isolated from burdock (Arctium lappa Linne).
AB  - A desmutagenic factor was isolated from burdock (Arctium lappa Linne). This
      factor reduced the mutagenicity of mutagens that are active without metabolic
      activation, such as 4-NO2-1,2-DAB and 2-NO2-1,4-DAB, as well as mutagens such as
      ethidium bromide, 2-aminoanthracene, Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2 requiring S9 for
      metabolic activation. It is resistant to heat and proteolytic enzymes and
      sensitive to treatment with MnCl2. The partially purified principles had a
      molecular weight higher than 300 000 and showed characteristics of a polyanionic
      substance. An irreversible diminution of the mutagen was confirmed by treatment
      of 2-NO2-1,4-DAB or Trp-P-2 with the burdock factor.

PMID- 6387467
TI  - Inducibility of error-prone DNA repair in yeast?
AB  - Whereas some experimental evidence suggests that mutagenesis in yeast after
      treatment with DNA-damaging agents involves inducible functions, a general-acting
      error-prone repair activity analogous to the SOS system of Escherichia coli has
      not yet been demonstrated. The current literature on the problem of inducibility
      of mutagenic repair in yeast is reviewed with emphasis on the differences in the
      experimental procedures applied.

PMID- 6387468
TI  - Desmutagenic substance in water extract of grass-wrack pondweed (Potamogeton
      oxyphylus Miquel).
AB  - It was found that the water extract of grass-wrack pondweed (Potamogeton
      oxyphylus Miquel) had inhibitory activity for reverse mutations induced by
      benzo[a]pyrene, 2-aminoanthracene and 2-nitrofluorene with Salmonella typhimurium
      TA100 and TA98. The active substance was heat-resistant, and the molecular weight
      was above 300 000. The substance acted as a desmutagen rather than an antimutagen
      or inhibitor of metabolic activation.

PMID- 6387469
TI  - Dissociation of malondialdehyde mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium from its
      ability to induce interstrand DNA cross-links.
AB  - Malondialdehyde (MDA), an in vivo metabolite of lipid peroxidation and
      prostaglandin biosynthesis, is mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium. It is a
      reactive electrophile that can form interstrand cross-links in DNA. To explore
      the possibility that MDA-induced interstrand cross-links are the pre-mutagenic
      lesion, we have quantitated the ability of highly purified preparations of MDA to
      form interstrand cross-links when reacted with linear plasmid DNA. At
      physiological temperature and pH, MDA did not form DNA cross-links as determined
      by DNA denaturation followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. DNA cross-links were
      formed, however, when incubations with MDA were carried out at either pH 4.2 or
      temperatures exceeding 60 degrees. alpha-Methylmalondialdehyde (CH3MDA) was found
      to cross-link DNA more efficiently than MDA, but was not mutagenic in any tester
      strain of Salmonella. MDA polymers, formed by acid incubation of MDA, also were
      capable of inducing cross-links. However, an inverse relationship was observed
      between mutagenicity and extent of polymerization. The pattern of mutagenic
      response for MDA in different strains of Salmonella was compared with mitomycin
      C, an established mutagenic cross-linking agent. Error-prone repair and a UvrB+
      phenotype, which are needed for the induction of mutations by mitomycin C, were
      not required for MDA mutagenesis. These findings, taken together, dissociate the
      mutagenicity of MDA from its ability to form interstrand cross-links with DNA.

PMID- 6387470
TI  - Mutagenic activities of cyclophosphamide (NSC-26271) and its main metabolites in
      Salmonella typhimurium, human peripheral lymphocytes and Chinese hamster ovary
      cells.
AB  - Cyclophosphamide (CPA) and its main metabolites were analyzed with respect to
      their mutagenic activities in Salmonella, human peripheral lymphocytes (PL), and
      Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In Salmonella, the compounds were activated
      with S9 mix from rat livers, which were unstimulated or stimulated with Aroclor
      1254 or phenobarbital. For the enzyme inducers the following order of efficiency
      was found for all test compounds except carboxyphosphamide: phenobarbital greater
      than Aroclor 1254 greater than non-induced. The most potent mutagens in all 3
      test systems were 4-OH-CPA, PAM and nor-HN2. S9 mix transforms 4-OH-CPA to strong
      mutagenic compounds in the Salmonella assay. All metabolites tested in the
      Salmonella assay were activated by S9 mix to higher mutagenic potential.

PMID- 6387471
TI  - A new strain of Salmonella typhimurium reverted by mitomycin C and N-methyl-N'
      nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine--a possible universal tester for mutagenic compounds.
AB  - A strain of Salmonella typhimurium, SO1007, which carries the amber mutation
      trpD28 plus the plasmid pKM101 was reverted very efficiently by two mutagens with
      different mutagenic specificities and modes of action: mitomycin C (MC) and N
      methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NG). By selecting revertants on minimal agar
      supplemented with anthranilic acid (AA), two distinct phenotypic classes of
      TrpD28 revertants can be recovered: prototrophs (MM+) and anthranilate utilizers
      (AA+). Since each phenotypic class is known to be caused by a variety of
      mutational events, reversion of trpD28 on minimal-anthranilate medium may be
      useful for detecting mutagenic agents regardless of the types of mutations they
      may cause. Thus, strains like SO1007 may be useful as 'universal' detectors of
      mutagenic compounds. In the course of these experiments we also observed that
      pKM101 does not protect but, on the contrary, sensitizes the host bacteria
      slightly to the toxic effects of MC.

PMID- 6387472
TI  - Use of the terms mutagenicity and genotoxicity.

PMID- 6387473
TI  - Occurrence and loss of alkali-labile sites in newly synthesized DNA of UV
      irradiated Escherichia coli K12.
AB  - In pulse-labelled DNA of ultraviolet-irradiated E. coli, alkali-labile sites were
      detected. They do not occur in undamaged cells. These sites are produced in wild
      type cells as well as in uvrA, uvrB and recA derivatives. Restoration of the
      synthesis of DNA molecules free of alkali-labile sites requires recA products and
      involves also uvrA and uvrB products. The chemical nature of alkali-labile sites
      and their biological function are obscure. They might be stretches of RNA that
      traverse the lesions, blocking DNA replication and priming recA-dependent DNA
      replication.

PMID- 6387474
TI  - Absence of pyrimidine insertase activity in E. coli extracts, using plasmid DNA
      containing apyrimidinic sites.
AB  - Plasmid DNA, isolated from mutants of E. coli that are deficient in both uracil
      DNA glycosylase and deoxyuridine triphosphatase, contains significant amounts of
      uracil. This can be removed in vitro by the action of uracil-DNA glycosylase,
      creating apyrimidinic sites. We have used depyrimidinated plasmid DNA isolated in
      this way to test the ability of E. coli extracts to preferentially incorporate
      labeled deoxythymidine triphosphate. No pyrimidine-insertase activity was found
      in extracts of bacteria that were deficient in exonuclease III. The question of
      the existence of such an activity in E. coli cells is discussed.

PMID- 6387475
TI  - Investigation of the mutagenicity of ethylphenylglycidate.
AB  - EPG and an in vitro digest of EPG by pepsin and pancreatin simulating mammalian
      digestion have been examined for genotoxicity in 4 mutagenicity tests employing
      different genetic endpoints. In the Salmonella reverse mutation assay, EPG showed
      only slight mutagenic activity against TA100, a strain responsive to base-pair
      exchange activity, in the presence of S9 mix. In vitro EPG was mutagenic for CHO
      K1-BH4 cells with or without metabolic activation, the activity being greater in
      the presence of metabolic activation. In the in vitro SCE test, EPG was
      clastogenic for CHO-K1-BH4 cells independent of metabolic activation. EPG also
      induced transformation of C3H T10 1/2 mouse fibroblasts in vitro, producing both
      type II and type III foci. Subjecting an EPG solution to a simulated mammalian
      digestion process lowers the genotoxic activity of the solution.

PMID- 6387476
TI  - Mutagenic investigation of peppermint oil in the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome
      test.

PMID- 6387477
TI  - Genotoxicity studies with paracetamol.
AB  - Paracetamol and its major ultimate reactive metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone
      imine (NAPQI) were studied for their genotoxic potential. Neither paracetamol nor
      NAPQI were found to cause mutations in Salmonella typhimurium, whereas NAPQI was
      severely cytotoxic to the bacteria. Radiolabelled paracetamol was found to bind
      covalently to DNA added to mouse-liver microsomal incubations at a rate of 2.6
      pmoles/mg DNA/min. Paracetamol also bound covalently to hepatic DNA at a level of
      15 pmoles/mg DNA after a hepatotoxic dose of paracetamol to mice. NAPQI caused
      extensive DNA single-strand breaks as evidenced by alkaline elution of DNA from
      treated Reuber hepatoma cells. This effect occurred at concentrations which later
      resulted in cytotoxicity. Paracetamol was shown to induce increased DNA-repair
      synthesis in isolated mouse-liver cells in monolayer culture, at concentrations
      where also cytotoxicity was evident. Increased DNA-repair synthesis occurred at
      lower paracetamol concentrations in cells isolated from mice pretreated with
      phenobarbital. Taken together, these data show that paracetamol can cause DNA
      interaction leading to damage at levels which are cytotoxic.

PMID- 6387478
TI  - Induction of somatic segregation by halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons in
      Aspergillus nidulans.
AB  - 8 halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons were assayed for their ability to induce
      somatic segregation in the mould Aspergillus nidulans. Induction of
      haploidization, mitotic non-disjunction and mitotic crossing-over was studied in
      heterozygous colonies exposed to the tested chemicals through the detection and
      phenotypic analysis of segregated sectors. The results obtained show that 1,2
      dibromoethane induced all kinds of segregated sectors; 1,2-dichloroethane, allyl
      chloride, 2-chloroethanol, 2,2-dichloroethanol and 2,2-dichloroacetaldehyde
      significantly increased the frequency of haploid sectors and diploid non
      disjunctional sectors; chloroform and 1,2-dichloropropane were ineffective.

PMID- 6387479
TI  - Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes exposed in vitro and
      in vivo to therapeutic ultrasound.
AB  - The induction of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs), chromosomal aberrations and
      cell-cycle delay was determined in human lymphocytes after treatment in vitro and
      in vivo with therapeutic ultrasound (u.s.). In vitro treatments (1 W/cm2; 0.860
      MHz; for 40-160 sec) were performed on unstimulated lymphocytes from 9 donors: a
      statistically significant, dose-dependent increase in SCE frequency was produced,
      whereas no induction of chromosomal aberrations nor alteration of the
      distribution of 1st, 2nd and 3rd division metaphases were observed. The same
      increase in the frequency of SCEs was detected by treating in vitro stimulated
      lymphocytes with u.s. The effects of in vivo exposure to u.s. were detected on
      lymphocytes from 10 patients before, during and after u.s. therapy (0.6-1.0
      W/cm2; 0.860 MHz; from 8 to 20 applications lasting 5-6 min each). SCE frequency
      was statistically significantly increased in all patients at mid-therapy, without
      a further increase during the second half of therapeutic cycle, and was restored
      to pretreatment level 3 months after the end of u.s. therapy. No increase in
      chromosomal aberrations was noticed during and after u.s. therapy, whereas
      erratic delays of the cell cycle were observed, not clearly related to u.s.
      application or SCE levels. A linear relationship was found between SCE frequency
      and age in 21 healthy donors.

PMID- 6387480
TI  - Mutagenicity of cadmium in Salmonella typhimurium and its synergism with two
      nitrosamines.
AB  - Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) at concentrations of 0.5 mM was significantly mutagenic
      in Salmonella typhimurium tester strains and reverted histidine auxotrophy due
      either to missense (TA1975 and TA1535) or to frameshift (TA1537) mutations. It
      also induced forward mutations to 8-azaguanine resistance in each strain, but
      failed to increase mutation frequencies in strain TA100. More importantly, CdCl2
      increased the mutagenicity of two common nitrosamines in synergistic fashion, at
      a level up to 30-fold greater than expected from simple additivity. The mutation
      frequency induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine was increased about 10
      fold in the presence of 0.5 mM CdCl2. This synergism was seen both in the
      induction of 8-azaguanine resistance and the reversion of histidine auxotrophy
      and was observed in the repair-proficient strain TA1975 as well as its repair
      defective (uvrB-) derived strain TA1535. The synergism was dependent upon Cd
      concentration and was much reduced at 0.25 mM CdCl2. The strongest synergism was
      observed in the reversion of histidine auxotrophy in TA1975 by 180 microM
      methylnitrosourea and 0.5 mM CdCl2. In contrast to mutagenicity, there was no
      evidence for synergism in the toxicity of CdCl2. These data suggest that cadmium
      might interfere with the repair of both spontaneous and nitrosamine-induced
      mutations. They also raise the possibility that cadmium and nitrosamines may have
      synergistic effects as environmental carcinogens.

PMID- 6387481
TI  - Detection of sister-chromatid exchanges in human peripheral lymphocytes induced
      by ethylene dibromide vapor.
AB  - A method using sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) for genotoxic testing of gaseous
      compounds is described. Human peripheral lymphocyte cultures previously
      stimulated with phytohemagglutinin were placed in sterile dialysis tubing and
      then put in an enclosed flask containing additional culture media. Air, with or
      without ethylene dibromide (EDB), was bubbled through the flask for up to 8 h.
      The cultures were harvested 75 h after culture initiation, and second-division
      cells were scored for induction of SCEs according to established procedures. The
      SCE frequency was approximately doubled in cultures treated with EDB. A similar
      experiment with air alone resulted in only slight increases in SCEs. The results
      indicate that this system is potentially useful for detecting genotoxicity of
      gases and vapors and may be useful for the detection of genotoxic agents in
      occupational settings.

PMID- 6387482
TI  - Frameshift mutagenesis by acridines in wild-type, uvrB and polA strains of
      Salmonella typhimurium with and without plasmid pKM101.
AB  - A large range of acridines, including several anilinoacridines which are active
      as antitumour agents, have been studied for their ability to revert derivatives
      of Salmonella typhimurium strains carrying the frameshift marker hisC3076. The
      strains used all carried deep-rough (rfa) mutations, and were either wild-type
      with respect to DNA-repair capacity or carried uvrB, polA1 or polA3 (amber)
      mutations. Derivatives with and without the mutation-enhancing N group plasmid
      pKM101 were also used. 9-Aminoacridine and other acridines appeared similar to
      the anilinoacridines for the most part, in that frameshift mutagenesis and
      toxicity appeared to be unaffected by the uvrB mutation or by the presence of
      plasmid pKM101. Exceptions were ICR191, 3-NO2-acridine and 1- or 3-NO2
      anilinoacridine derivatives in which mutagenesis was increased in uvrB strains
      and also when pKM101 was present. These compounds were slightly more toxic in the
      uvrB background, but less toxic when pKM101 was present in either the uvrB or
      wild-type backgrounds. Mutagenesis by most compounds was reduced by the polA1
      mutation and virtually eliminated (except in the case of ICR191) by the polA3
      mutation. Plasmid pKM101 occasionally enhanced mutagenesis in the polA1 strain,
      whereas in the polA3 it appeared to have no effect whatsoever. Again, there were
      no obvious differences in toxicity between Pol+ and Pol- strains.

PMID- 6387483
TI  - Glucose counterregulation and waning of insulin in the Somogyi phenomenon
      (posthypoglycemic hyperglycemia).
AB  - To determine the roles of glucose counterregulation and the waning of insulin
      action in the development of posthypoglycemic hyperglycemia (the Somogyi
      phenomenon), we studied changes in plasma glucose and glucose turnover in five
      patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) after subcutaneous
      injection of insulin under conditions in which hypoglycemic glucose
      counterregulation and the waning of insulin action were allowed to occur or were
      prevented. In control experiments, in which both glucose counterregulation and
      insulin waning were allowed to occur, plasma glucose levels decreased from 94 +/-
      3 to 47 +/- 7 mg per deciliter and then increased to 289 +/- 20 mg per deciliter
      at 12 hours because of a marked increase in glucose production. When the waning
      of insulin action was prevented by insulin infusion, glucose production increased
      less (P less than 0.01), but marked rebound hyperglycemia still occurred (188 +/-
      26 mg per deciliter at 12 hours). When both insulin waning and glucose
      counterregulation were prevented by infusion of both glucose and insulin, glucose
      production did not increase, and rebound hyperglycemia did not occur. We conclude
      that hypoglycemia can cause rebound hyperglycemia in the absence of insulin
      waning in patients with IDDM, and that this results primarily from an excessive
      increase in glucose production due to activation of glucose counterregulatory
      systems.

PMID- 6387484
TI  - Ulcerative colitis after bone-marrow transplantation for acute leukemia.

PMID- 6387485
TI  - The cost of treating leukemia in a research setting.

PMID- 6387486
TI  - Virchow's pathological reports on Frederick III's cancer.

PMID- 6387487
TI  - PEEP to prevent adult respiratory-distress syndrome.

PMID- 6387488
TI  - The premenstrual syndrome. Effects of "medical ovariectomy".
AB  - In a crossover study conducted over a six-month period in eight patients with
      well-characterized premenstrual syndrome, physical and behavioral symptoms were
      relieved by daily administration of an agonist of gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
      The reversible "medical ovariectomy" attained with this agonist suggests that it
      may be an effective and rational treatment for this distressing syndrome in the
      short term. Whether prolonged therapy would be safe and effective, or even
      necessary, remains to be determined.

PMID- 6387489
TI  - Antithyroid drugs.
AB  - Over the past four decades, a great deal has been learned about the pharmacology
      and mechanisms of action of antithyroid drugs. Their ability to inhibit hormone
      biosynthesis involves complex interactions with thyroid peroxidase and
      thyroglobulin, many of which are still poorly understood. Their spectrum of
      activity is much wider than previously thought, and a number of clinically
      important extrathyroidal actions have been identified. Despite a greater
      appreciation for the intricacies of antithyroid-drug pharmacology, controversies
      still surround the use of these agents in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis. These
      controversies are apt to continue until the pathophysiology of Graves' disease is
      fully elucidated.

PMID- 6387490
TI  - Premenstrual syndrome.

PMID- 6387491
TI  - Leukocyte activation in allergen-induced late-phase asthmatic reactions.
AB  - Some patients with allergen-induced asthma have both an early and late reaction
      to allergen (dual asthmatic reactions). To investigate the role of leukocyte
      activation in dual asthmatic reactions, we measured neutrophil chemotactic
      activity, percentages of neutrophil and monocyte complement rosettes, and one
      second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) in 11 patients with allergen-induced dual
      asthmatic reactions after a challenge with allergen. To control for the effects
      of bronchoconstriction, the same studies were done after a challenge with
      methacholine. In all subjects there was a biphasic increase in neutrophil
      chemotactic activity and the percentages of neutrophil and monocyte complement
      rosettes, accompanied by a reduction in the FEV1. After methacholine, there were
      no significant changes in neutrophil chemotactic activity or percentages of
      complement rosettes, despite bronchoconstriction. Six patients with single-phase
      allergen-induced asthma had similar responses, but they were monophasic. We
      conclude that allergen-induced early and late asthmatic reactions are accompanied
      by activation of leukocytes and that these alterations probably reflect the
      release of mediators from mast cells rather than an effect of
      bronchoconstriction.

PMID- 6387493
TI  - Heart transplantation after 16 years.

PMID- 6387492
TI  - A prospective clinical and immunologic analysis of patients with serum sickness.
AB  - We prospectively evaluated the clinical and immunologic features of serum
      sickness in 12 patients with bone-marrow failure treated for 10 days with
      intravenous infusions of horse antithymocyte globulin. Eleven of the 12 patients
      had signs and symptoms of serum sickness 8 to 13 days after beginning therapy
      with antithymocyte globulin. Eleven patients (including 10 of 11 with signs and
      symptoms of serum sickness) acquired circulating immune complexes, with peak
      levels occurring at 10 to 12 days. Serum C4 and C3 levels fell precipitously,
      with nadirs on the 10th day. Plasma levels of C3a anaphylatoxin were elevated in
      the four patients in whom it was measured. Eight of the 11 patients with signs
      and symptoms of serum sickness had a characteristic serpiginous erythematous and
      purpuric eruption on the hands and feet at the junction of palmar and plantar
      skin. Direct immunofluorescence of skin lesions revealed immune deposits (IgM,
      IgE, IgA, or C3) in the blood vessels of three of five patients. This study
      documents the immunopathology of serum sickness in human beings and describes a
      cutaneous marker for the disease.

PMID- 6387494
TI  - Atropine poisoning in Hawthorne's the Scarlet Letter.

PMID- 6387495
TI  - Plasmodium vivax malaria in Egypt.

PMID- 6387496
TI  - Prevalence of oral colonization with Candida albicans and anti-C. albicans IgA in
      the saliva of normal children and children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
AB  - The prevalence of oral colonization with C. albicans was studied in 40 children
      with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and 40 matched normal children.
      Colonization was more common in the ALL group (25% colonized) than the normal
      group (7.5% colonized). Total saliva IgA levels were lower in the ALL group, but
      low levels did not correlate with oral colonization. The three normal children
      with oral colonization all had anti-C. albicans IgA in their saliva, as had seven
      of the ten colonized ALL patients.

PMID- 6387497
TI  - Cellular inactivation and mitotic recombination induced by ultraviolet radiation
      in aneuploid and euploid strains of Candida albicans.
AB  - Prototrophic aneuploid and euploid derivatives of wild type Candida albicans
      strains 207 were produced by fusing protoplasts of complementing auxotrophs
      obtained from strain 207. Comparisons of cell survivals and incidences of mitotic
      recombinants occurring after ultraviolet irradiation (UV) of these strains
      indicate that (i) aneuploids are categorically less efficient than euploids for
      repair of pyrimidine dimers induced in DNA by UV and that (ii) such repair is
      enhanced by growing irradiated cells at 25 degrees C, on minimal medium or in the
      presence of ergosterol rather than at 37 degrees C, on amino acid enriched medium
      or medium unsupplemented with ergosterol. In addition, the comparisons establish
      than one cannot discriminate between strains of C. albicans which differ in
      cellular DNA contents or genomic constitutions on the basis of their UV survival
      curves.

PMID- 6387498
TI  - [Victor van der Reis--a pioneer in the gastrointestinal microbiology of man].
AB  - From 1919 up to 1928 Viktor van der Reis (1889-1058) elaborated the fundamental
      knowledge in the field of gastrointestinal microecology of man. During this time
      he worked at the Medical Clinic of the University of Greifswald. His curriculum
      and his role in the fields of the pathophysiology of the small intestine and of
      microbiology are presented from the aspect of recent medical-historical and
      bibliographical researches.

PMID- 6387499
TI  - [Events in he development of dysbacteriosis of the intestines in man under
      extreme conditions].
AB  - Conditions of cosmic flight provoke changes of the fecal microbial flora in man.
      During the preparation phase of the flight a distinct decrease in the numbers of
      Bifidobacterium and of Lactobacilli as well as a substantial increase in the
      numbers of E. coli and of Enterobacteria are evident. These alterations can be
      indicated particularly within the period immediately before the take-off. This
      seems to be due to nervous-emotional stress effects. After the flight the number
      of potentially pathogenous Enterobacteria and Clostridia was substantially
      increased. The number of Lactobacilli decreased. A graduation for dysbiotic
      responses is presented.

PMID- 6387500
TI  - [Growth of anaerobes of the upper small intestine using the glovebox technic].
AB  - With 80 patients a microecologic analysis of the duodenal flora has been
      performed. Due to the optimal cultivation technique with the glove-box more
      frequently as supposed till now, anaerobes with partial high numbers could be
      detected, and classified to different types of dysbiosis. A striking role among
      the isolated and classified gram-positive roots play the genera Eubacterium,
      Propionibacterium, Actinomyces, and Bifidobacterium. Peptococcus and
      Peptostreptococcus are to be found frequently, too. Furthermore the numbers of
      gram-negative anaerobes are high.

PMID- 6387501
TI  - [The use of the MIDI technic for the differentiation of Bacteroidaceae].
AB  - A simple and low-material "midi"-technique allows a rapid classification of
      intestinal Bacteroidaceae with sufficient exactness. The results of biochemical
      test series on microtitre plates are presented.

PMID- 6387502
TI  - [Chemotherapeutic mixtures for the selective growth of anaerobes].
AB  - In order to find a selective medium for the cultivation of Gram-positive spore
      less rods several chemotherapeutics have been tested. By adding of 5 micrograms
      metronidazol/ml to brain-heart-infusion-supplemented agar as well as by putting
      metronidazol discs on the agar it became possible to cultivate selective test
      tribes. Lincomycin (5 micrograms/ml), clindamycin (5 micrograms/ml) and
      novobiocin (5 micrograms/ml) inhibited almost all the test tribes. Spectinomycin
      (5 micrograms/ml) and neomycin (5 and 10 micrograms/ml) failed to inhibit. With
      100 micrograms neomycin/ml Gram-positive anaerobes were clearly inhibited.

PMID- 6387503
TI  - The invasion of Normandy--D-day.

PMID- 6387504
TI  - Nobel prize: Merrifield wins in chemistry.

PMID- 6387505
TI  - DNA recombination: resolution of intermediates.

PMID- 6387506
TI  - Co-localization of neurotensin-like immunoreactivity and 3H-glycine uptake system
      in sustained amacrine cells of turtle retina.
AB  - Amacrine cells are axonless intrinsic neurones of the vertebrate retina which
      have cell bodies in the proximal inner nuclear layer and processes contributing
      to the synaptic network of the inner plexiform layer. They receive input from
      bipolar, interplexiform and other amacrine cells, and synapse onto these and
      ganglion cells. Amino acid and monoamine transmitters are found in most retinal
      neurones, but peptide transmitters are exclusively located in amacrine cells.
      Only one neuropeptide, amino acid or monoamine transmitter exists in any single
      amacrine cell population. Coexistence of neuropeptides with classical
      transmitters has been demonstrated histologically in many neurones of the central
      nervous system, but the physiological relevance of these findings is unknown. We
      report here evidence of such coexistence in retinal amacrine cells of the turtle,
      Pseudemys scripta elegans. Using combined immunocytochemistry and
      autoradiography, we have localized both neurotensin-like immunoreactivity and a
      high affinity uptake system for 3H-glycine to the same amacrine cell, implying
      that this cell type may use both substances as neurotransmitters. We also present
      electrophysiological evidence that this type of amacrine cell responds to photic
      stimulation with a sustained and graded membrane depolarization.

PMID- 6387507
TI  - Cell size control of development in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Diploid cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the G1 phase of the cell
      cycle are faced with the alternatives of either continuing vegetative cell
      division or undergoing the developmental processes of meiosis and subsequent
      ascospore formation, or adapting to starvation conditions if these apply. The
      course taken is influenced by the nutritional status of the culture medium, the
      presence of both MATa and MAT alpha mating-type alleles, and the need for cells
      to be in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. For those cells that continue cell
      division, size controls operate in both the budding yeast S. cerevisiae and the
      fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In S. cerevisiae the 'start' event
      initiating the cell cycle is controlled in some way related to cell size because
      cells below a critical size fail to initiate cell division. The ability of cells
      to undergo the developmental process of sporulation is related to cell age, in
      that cells gain this ability just before the emergence of the first bud and the
      process of sporulation after initiation is altered in small cells. Here we report
      that the initiation of sporulation is subject to a size control related to
      absolute cell volume, which is distinct from control by cell age and also
      independent of the control operating on the initiation of cell division.

PMID- 6387508
TI  - Growth-rate dependent regulation of mRNA stability in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The rate of production of bacterial gene products is known to vary with the rate
      of cell growth, the concentrations of many cellular proteins are altered during
      times of decreased growth rate. In addition, proteins whose in vivo levels show
      no significant alterations with changes in cell doubling time must be synthesized
      at rates that vary in direct proportion to the growth rate of the cell. In
      certain instances, growth-rate dependent gene regulation has been shown to occur
      at the transcriptional or translational level. Another potentially important
      element in the regulation of gene expression is the stability of messenger RNA.
      We report here the effect of bacterial growth rate on the half lives of four
      different monocistronic Escherichia coli mRNA species. The stabilities of two of
      these species, the transcripts of the ompA and cat genes, exhibited a marked
      dependence on cell growth rate, whereas the half lives of the transcripts of the
      lpp and bla genes are constant over a broad range of cell doubling times. Our
      results indicate that E. coli can alter the rate of synthesis of certain proteins
      by modulating mRNA stability in response to changes in the rate of cell growth.

PMID- 6387509
TI  - Synthesis in yeast of a functional oxidation-resistant mutant of human alpha
      antitrypsin.
AB  - Cumulative damage to lung tissue by leukocyte elastase is thought to be
      responsible for the development of pulmonary emphysema, an irreversible lung
      disease characterized by loss of lung elasticity. It is also thought to be
      involved in the rapidly developing and usually fatal adult respiratory distress
      syndrome. The primary defence against elastase damage is the anti-protease known
      as alpha 1-antitrypsin, a glycosylated serum protein of 394 amino acids.
      Oxidation of the methionine 358 residue located at the active centre of alpha 1
      antitrypsin results in a dramatic decrease in inhibitory activity towards
      elastase which effectively inactivates the protective function. It has been
      suggested that this oxidation sensitivity has a regulatory function and allows
      tissue breakdown at sites of inflammation by inactivation of alpha 1-antitrypsin
      by oxygen radicals released by phagocytes. In the above diseases, however, the
      oxidative inactivation of alpha 1-antitrypsin is probably of major importance in
      allowing lung damage by elastase. An oxidation-resistant alpha 1-antitrypsin
      required for emphysemics and provide treatment for acute inflammatory respiratory
      conditions. To further the possibility of therapy for the above conditions, we
      describe here the synthesis in yeast of active, non-glycosylated, human alpha 1
      antitrypsin. Site-directed mutagenesis has been used to construct an active,
      oxidation-resistant derivative containing a single methionine to valine
      substitution at the active centre. This demonstrates the potential of engineered
      modifications to protein molecules designed to improve their physiological
      function.

PMID- 6387511
TI  - [Kidney donation, possibilities and limitations].

PMID- 6387510
TI  - Sequential histamine inhalations cause increased bronchial histamine reactivity
      in guinea pigs: role of platelets, thromboxanes and prostacyclin.
AB  - Groups of 6-15 guinea pigs sensitized to ovalbumin were challenged by repeated
      inhalations of a constant histamine dose at time 0, 10, 20, 60 and 70 min.
      Bronchial obstruction was measured by whole body plethysmography. The degree of
      bronchial obstruction increased from one challenge to the other reaching maximal
      values after 70 min. This increase of bronchial responsiveness to histamine after
      repeated histamine challenges was reduced by pretreatment with clemastine
      (histamine H1-receptor antagonist, 0.12 mg/kg i.p., n = 7, P less than 0.05) and
      more effectively by combined clemastine/cimetidine pretreatment (combined H1-H2
      receptor antagonists, 0.12 resp. 10 mg/kg, n = 7, P less than 0.001);
      pretreatment with acetylsalicylic acid (10 mg/kg orally) accelerated the increase
      of bronchial responsiveness to histamine (n = 9, P less than 0.01 at the second
      challenge), inhalation of prostacyclin (1 microgram) prior to each histamine
      inhalation prevented the increase of bronchial histamine sensitivity totally (n =
      10, P less than 0.001), whereas inhibition of thromboxane biosynthesis (imidazol,
      10 mg/kg i.p., n = 6; 4-[2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethoxy]benzoic acid, 10 mg/kg i.p.,
      n = 9; imidazo(1,5-a)pyridine-5-hexanoic acid, 1 mg/kg i.p., n = 8) as well as
      immunologic platelet depletion were ineffective in our test system. We conclude
      that prostacyclin inhibits the increase of bronchial responsiveness to histamine
      after sequential histamine inhalation challenges by a platelet independent
      mechanism. 1-(3-phenyl-2-propenyl)-1H-imidazol, the fourth type of thromboxane
      synthetase inhibitor tested (10 mg/kg i.p., n = 15) showed specific effects which
      may be attributed to antihistamine functions.

PMID- 6387512
TI  - [A patient with Sweet's syndrome].

PMID- 6387513
TI  - [Rapid virus diagnosis].

PMID- 6387514
TI  - [Kidney transplantation in the Netherlands].

PMID- 6387515
TI  - Immunochemical determination of CK-MB and LDH-1 in the community hospital.

PMID- 6387516
TI  - Sphincters of the oesophagus.

PMID- 6387517
TI  - Immunological defence mechanisms of the gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 6387518
TI  - Idiopathic and secondary mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 6387519
TI  - The immunosuppressive effect of experimentally induced uremia.
AB  - Isogeneic BN rats were made uremic by subtotal renal resections. After different
      periods of uremia the possibility of an immunodeficiency was evaluated by (WF X
      BN) F1----BN heterotopic heart transplantations. A prolongation of transplant
      survival was found that was not related to the duration of uremia. In some rats
      the uremia was reversed by isogeneic BN----BN kidney transplantation before
      cardiac grafting. An immediate reversal of the immunodeficiency occurred. Thus an
      immunosuppressive effect by uremia can be documented, and to some extent
      quantitated, by heterotopic heart transplantation between rats of different
      isogeneic strains.

PMID- 6387520
TI  - IgA containing material in monocytes from patients with IgA nephropathy.

PMID- 6387521
TI  - [Immunologic selection of renal transplant donors and recipients: blood
      transfusions].
AB  - Blood transfusions clearly improve the prognosis of cadaver kidney
      transplantation. The percentage of graft survival at one year is increased, about
      + 25%. Preoperative transfusions are effective, whereas peroperative transfusions
      are ineffective. The following technique seems to be good. Each patient should
      first receive 5 blood transfusions over a short time lapse, and then one unit of
      blood from time to time, two times per year for example. The blood must be less
      than three days old and must contain leucocytes. Transfusions induce, in a few
      hemodialysed patients, an anti-HLA immunisation. It is thus necessary to choose a
      donor with a negative cross-match. Transfusions induce in many patients a better
      tolerance for kidney transplant. This tolerance is perhaps immunologically
      specific. Blood transfusions are also useful for the selection of related donors
      HLA semi identical with recipients. The recipient is transfused several times
      with donor's blood. Transplantation is only performed when the cross-match
      remains negative and then leads to a high percentage of success.

PMID- 6387523
TI  - Henry McIlwain: an appreciation.

PMID- 6387522
TI  - Impact of age-related changes in serotonin and norepinephrine metabolism on
      reproductive function in female rats: an analytical review.
AB  - This review attempts to reconcile changes in brain NE and 5HT metabolism with the
      effects of aging, drug treatment and altered photoperiods on phasic and tonic
      release of LH in the female. A hypothesis is presented in which 5HT has
      "indirect" and "direct" effects on LH surges. The "indirect" ones facilitate LH
      surges via a generalized effect of 5HT on temporal organization within multiple
      neuroendocrine axes. Thus, 5HT promotes circadian rhythmicity in many systems due
      to its participation in the biological "clock" mechanism of the hypothalamus. The
      "direct" ones that are specific to the LH releasing mechanism also occur for 5HT
      (inhibitory) as well as for NE (facilitory) due to the interaction of these
      transmitters with LH-RH secreting neurons. It is proposed that metabolic changes
      during aging that favor 5HT at the expense of NE obliterate the facilitatory
      effects of both amines while enhancing the inhibitory component of 5HT's
      influence on LH secretion.

PMID- 6387524
TI  - Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF): origin and course of afferent pathways to
      the median eminence (ME) of the rat hypothalamus.
AB  - 8-10 days after making various lesions in the rat hypothalamus, the presence of
      corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) immunoreactive neural structures was studied
      in paraffin and vibratome sections with CRF immunocytochemistry. Bilateral
      anterolateral deafferentation of the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) caused
      complete disappearance of CRF immunoreactivity from the median eminence (ME) in
      brains where the posterior edge of the cut reached the level of the pituitary
      stalk. A shorter cut resulted in positive immunostaining caudal to the caudal
      edge of the cut. Unilateral deafferentation of the MBH caused significant
      decrease in CRF immunostaining in the ipsilateral ME. Unilateral posterolateral
      deafferentation of the MBH caused no changes in CRF immunostaining in the rostral
      ME, while fewer CRF-containing processes were observed in the more caudal
      regions. A horizontal cut ventral to the paraventricular nuclei (PVN) caused a
      slight decrease in the number of CRF-immunoreactive profiles in the ME. A wider
      and complete unilateral horizontal cut resulted in a significant decrease in CRF
      immunoreactivity on the operated side. Following various surgical interventions,
      hormone accumulation in cell bodies was detected in the paraventricular,
      periventricular preoptic, dorsomedial, periventricular, lateral and posterior
      hypothalamic, and premammillary nuclei. Fibers arising from most of these nuclei
      formed a fan-like projection to the ME. The majority of the CRF-fibers ran
      through the lateral tract of the fan, and reached the ME by the lateral-basal
      retrochiasmatic area (LBRCA). Scattered fibers were detected in the lateral-basal
      hypothalamus as far caudally as the level of the pituitary stalk. Unilateral
      anterolateral and horizontal cuts did not result in complete disappearance of CRF
      immunoreactivity from the ipsilateral ME, indicating the existence of CRF-fibers
      of contralateral origin in the ME.

PMID- 6387525
TI  - Quantitation and localization of Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu in rat brain using
      highly sensitive antibodies.
AB  - Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu is an endogenous opioid peptide recently identified in
      bovine adrenal medulla. In the present study, we describe the production of
      highly sensitive and specific antibodies against this octapeptide. The
      sensibility of the radioimmunoassay procedure allows us to quantify at the
      femtomole level, the Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu in individual parts of the brain
      without prior purification or concentration. The antibodies are highly specific
      for the C terminal part of the molecule, and did not cross-react with the other
      opioid peptides. Immunochemical techniques were used also to determine the
      histological location of the immunoreactive substances in individual structures
      of the brain. In the present paper, the comparative regional distribution of Met
      enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu and of Met-enkephalin in rat brain are described. Our
      results are in good agreement with the biosynthetic relationship between Met
      enkephalin and Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu.

PMID- 6387526
TI  - Effect of gentamicin and dexamethasone on the natural history of the rat
      Escherichia coli brain abscess model with histopathological correlation.
AB  - In a rodent model of Escherichia coli brain abscess, the natural history of the
      infection was studied and the influence of a glucocorticoid (dexamethasone) and
      an antibiotic (gentamicin) on the development of brain abscess and the survival
      of abscess-bearing animals was evaluated. The administration of steroids using
      three different dosage schedules suppressed the macrophage and glial response,
      decreased collagen formation, increased the number of pathologically evident
      bacteria, and decreased host survival. The administration of antibiotics by
      parenteral routes decreased the number of viable bacteria in the abscess. The
      simultaneous administration of systemic gentamicin and dexamethasone resulted in
      increased host survival to a level that was intermediate between that of animals
      treated with dexamethasone alone and that of those treated with gentamicin alone.
      Thus, some of the adverse effect of corticosteroids on host survival could be
      mitigated by the simultaneous administration of antibiotics. Finally, it was
      observed that the abscess in this model tends to expand along white matter
      tracks. This path of least resistance may be responsible for the observation that
      brain abscesses tend to rupture into the ventricle rather than into the
      subarachnoid space via the cortex.

PMID- 6387527
TI  - Computed tomographic guidance stereotaxis in the management of lesions of the
      third ventricular region.
AB  - The initial management strategies for lesions of the 3rd ventricular region are
      often controversial. Current techniques for computed tomographic guidance
      stereotaxis allow accurate access to any intracranial point. A Brown-Roberts
      Wells stereotactic system was used as a technical adjunct in the initial
      management of 42 mass lesions of the 3rd ventricular region. Objectives included
      biopsy, culture, aspiration, visualization, and installment of drainage conduits.
      Forty-five point placements were accomplished, and 140 tissue specimens were
      retrieved without complication. The pathological diagnosis was substantiated in
      all cases and included lesions of developmental (1 case), neoplastic (31 cases),
      and infectious (10 cases) origins. Information based on stereotactic assessment
      provided a rational substrate for the initiation of management, which included
      craniotomy, cerebrospinal fluid diversion, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and
      antibiotic or antiviral therapies. Based on this experience, it is apparent that
      these methods offer acceptably safe and accurate access to lesions of the entire
      3rd ventricular region. Histological or microbiological diagnosis without the
      need for craniotomy may be readily realized and offers logical guidance for
      therapeutic strategies. Dependent on the pathological condition, definitive
      treatment may be achieved.

PMID- 6387528
TI  - Use of high frequency jet ventilation during mechanical hyperventilation to
      reduce intracranial pressure in patients with multiple organ system injury.
AB  - Eleven patients with multiple organ system injury, including significant closed
      head injury, all required positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) for treatment
      of their pulmonary pathological condition. Additionally, the need for
      intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring had previously been established on
      clinical evaluation by the Neurosurgery Service. Seven of the 11 patients met the
      criteria for invasive hemodynamic monitoring. Hemodynamic monitoring data are
      supplied for these 7 patients. All patients, after the initial institution of
      conventional means of hyperventilation, were transitioned to high frequency jet
      ventilation (HFJV) to evaluate the effects of HFJV during mechanical
      hyperventilation. There was a statistically significant decrease in ICP (mean
      decrease of 7.2 mm Hg). There was also a statistically significant fall in PaO2
      from 131 to 101 torr. This was not associated with an appreciable decrease in
      oxygen delivery. There was no change in cardiac output or intrapulmonary shunt
      fraction. It is concluded that successful control of ICP was possible in all
      cases without impairment of cardiac output, oxygen delivery, or cerebral
      perfusion pressure, even when the pulmonary abnormality required the use of PEEP.

PMID- 6387529
TI  - Behavioral effects of diazepam and propranolol in patients with panic disorder
      and agoraphobia.
AB  - The effects of oral doses of diazepam (single dose of 10 mg and a median dose of
      30 mg/day for 2 weeks) and propranolol (single dose of 80 mg and a median dose of
      240 mg/day for 2 weeks) on psychological performance of patients with panic
      disorders and agoraphobia were investigated in a double-blind, randomized and
      crossover design. Both drugs impaired immediate free recall but the decrease was
      greater for diazepam than propranolol. Delayed free recall was also impaired but
      the two drugs did not differ. Patients tapped faster after propranolol than
      diazepam and they were more sedated after diazepam than propranolol. After 2
      weeks of treatment, patients tested 5-8 h after the last dose of medication did
      not show any decrement of performance. These results are similar to those
      previously found in healthy subjects. Accumulation of drugs was not reflected in
      prolonged behavioral impairment.

PMID- 6387530
TI  - The concentration of enkephalin-like material in the chick retina is light
      dependent.
AB  - The enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the retina of chicks has been studied
      using immunohistochemical and radioimmunoassay techniques. The histochemical
      experiments showed that the immunoreactivity was confined to a subpopulation of
      amacrine cells in the inner nuclear layer which projected processes into
      sublaminae 1 and 3-5 of the inner plexiform layer. The distribution of the
      immunoreactivity was markedly influenced by the ambient lighting conditions: it
      was reduced in the dark and restored by a period in the light. The reactivity was
      lost from both cell soma in the inner nuclear layer and from the processes.
      Radioimmunoassays showed that the quantity of enkephalin-like material was
      reduced by more than 60% after 12 h in the dark. Attempts to entrain a rhythm by
      keeping chicks on 12/12 h light/dark cycles for up to 4 days were largely
      unsuccessful. A rhythm may have been partially entrainable, but the major factor
      involved was light. These results highlight the lability of the neuropeptide in
      the retina and the need for controlled lighting conditions in studies of this
      kind. They also indicate that this system may be a fruitful model to explore two
      important issues: (i) it could allow studies of neuropeptide metabolism in a
      physiologically intact system; (ii) the role of particular amacrine cells in
      visual processing could be determined by depleting them of their
      neurotransmitter/neuromodulator.

PMID- 6387531
TI  - Localization of nigrostriatal, nigrothalamic and nigrotectal neurons in
      ventricular coordinates in macaques.
AB  - The topography of the substantia nigra and its subdivisions was first analysed in
      macaques by using a topographic technique based on ventricular landmarks. This
      study shows the stability of the contours of the substantia nigra and its
      subdivisions in various species of macaques. The anteroposterior sequence of four
      subdivisions was standardized by defining eight verticotransverse levels,
      regularly interspaced and systemically used for each experimental case. Neurons
      of the substantia nigra sending axons to the striatum, thalamus and superior
      colliculus were identified by the technique of retrograde transport of
      horseradish peroxidase. The nigrostriatal labeled neurons were essentially
      located in the ipsilateral pars compacta but also scattered dorsally in the pars
      mixta and ventrally in the pars reticulata. In addition, the existence of a
      crossed nigrostriatal pathway was demonstrated in monkeys. Nigrothalamic labeled
      neurons were found in the whole pars reticulata at rostral levels and only in the
      medial part at more caudal levels. Comparatively, nigrotectal labeled neurons
      were also found in the whole pars reticulata at rostral levels, but caudally,
      they were confined to the lateral part of the pars reticulata and the pars
      lateralis. It thus appears that these three nigral components may overlap at some
      levels of the substantia nigra. This is discussed in relation to the existence of
      branched axons already documented. However, the present results underline the
      strong tendency of the nigrotectal neurons to be segregated from the
      nigrothalamic ones and to be laterally located in monkeys. In addition, two
      nigrotectal components have been identified on the basis of their topography and
      their somata size: one with large somata located in the pars lateralis, probably
      specific to primates, and the other with smaller somata located in the pars
      reticulata. These two components may indicate the existence of two different
      functional systems.

PMID- 6387532
TI  - Bone marrow transplant in adrenoleukodystrophy.
AB  - An allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) from a normal HLA identical sibling
      donor was performed in a 13-year-old boy with rapidly progressive
      adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). Engraftment and complete hematologic recovery
      occurred within 4 weeks, but neurologic deterioration continued. The patient died
      of an adenovirus infection 141 days after BMT. ALD is characterized by abnormally
      high plasma levels of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) as a result of impaired
      capacity to degrade them. Ten days after BMT, the white blood cell VLCFA levels
      and enzyme activity became normal; after 3 months, there was progressive
      reduction of plasma VLCFA to levels only slightly above normal.

PMID- 6387533
TI  - Prostacyclin infusion in acute cerebral infarction.
AB  - We gave prostacyclin infusions to seven patients with acute cerebral infarction.
      Patients without CT evidence of infarction improved, but those who already had
      hypodensities on CT did not benefit. Increased platelet activity, measured by
      plasma beta-thromboglobulin, decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) during
      prostacyclin administration to normal levels, but rose again after the infusion.
      These results indicate that prostacyclin can be given safely in doses adequate to
      suppress platelet function. Our findings encouraged us to proceed with a
      controlled trial of its clinical efficacy.

PMID- 6387534
TI  - Linoleic acid and multiple sclerosis: a reanalysis of three double-blind trials.
AB  - Data from three double-blind trials of linoleic acid in the treatment of multiple
      sclerosis (MS) were reanalyzed to examine whether inconsistency in the results
      was due to a relationship between patient characteristics and treatment response.
      The combined data consisted of neurologic assessments over 2 1/2-year trials for
      87 treated patients and 85 control patients. Treated patients with minimal or no
      disability at entry had a smaller increase in disability than did controls (p
      less than 0.05). In addition, treatment reduced the severity and duration of
      relapses at all levels of disability and duration of illness at entry to the
      trials.

PMID- 6387535
TI  - CT-stereotaxy in the clinical routine.
AB  - Up to now more than 600 patients have been treated according to the previously
      described method of CT-stereotaxy. In order to use this method, a special holder
      for the stereotactic device is required. This device must be exactly adjustable
      to the centre of the CT gantry within two spatial directions. The accuracy of the
      method is higher than 1 mm.

PMID- 6387536
TI  - [Long-term therapeutic efficacy of captopril in the treatment of essential and
      secondary hypertension].

PMID- 6387538
TI  - [The evolution of anesthesiology in Italy].

PMID- 6387537
TI  - [Changes in the carotid atheromatous plaques and in flow conditions in patients
      with cerebrovascular pathology after treatment with CDP choline. Clinico
      instrumental study].

PMID- 6387539
TI  - [Microvascularized free-flaps].

PMID- 6387540
TI  - Historical notes on cancer in married couples.

PMID- 6387541
TI  - [Echographic and anatomo-pathologic aspects of a blighted ovum. Clinical and
      prognostic importance].

PMID- 6387542
TI  - [Cervical cerclage. Classical indications and new prospectives].

PMID- 6387544
TI  - Evidence for an alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormonergic hippocampal commissural
      connection in the rat, revealed by a double-labeling technique.
AB  - A new double-labeling method combining immunocytochemistry and a retrograde
      tracer technique using biotin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (B-HRP) was
      developed. Retrogradely accumulated B-HRP was visualized in the soma by
      incubation with avidin-conjugated fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC-green
      fluorescein) solution. Texas red (red fluorescein)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit
      IgG was used for simultaneous demonstration of the antigen. Using this method,
      the present study reports a newly demonstrated commissural hippocampal alpha
      melanocyte stimulating hormonergic neuron system in the rat.

PMID- 6387543
TI  - A cell surface antigen present on cultured cerebellar neurones appears to be
      transiently expressed during cerebellar development in the rat.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody has been produced from a fusion of NSO myeloma cells and
      splenocytes from a mouse immunized with cultures from early postnatal rat
      cerebellum. The binding of this antibody designated 69A1 is concentrated in the
      molecular layer of the developing rat cerebellum during the first two weeks
      postnatally but falls below the level of detection during the third week.
      Immunoelectron microscopy has shown antibody binding in the molecular layer to be
      confined to the parallel fibres of the granule neurones. The disappearance of
      binding coincides with a period during which the formation of new parallel fibres
      is completed and rapid synaptogenesis within the molecular layer begins.

PMID- 6387545
TI  - Ultrastructural study of cholecystokinin-like immunoreactive nerve terminals in
      the rat nucleus accumbens.
AB  - The cholecystokinin (CCK)-like immunoreactive nerve terminals were studied in the
      caudal and medial parts of the rat nucleus accumbens (NA), using the indirect
      immunoperoxidase technique, at the electron microscopic level. In the labelled
      axon terminals the immunoprecipitate is localized inside large dense-cored
      vesicles which are occasionally present, and surrounds small and medium-sized,
      round, clear synaptic vesicles. The immunoreactive nerve terminals participate in
      synapses of both asymmetrical and symmetrical types containing mostly small
      synaptic vesicles. The asymmetrical synapses are much more numerous and mainly
      axo-spinous. The symmetrical synapses are less frequent and are axo-dendritic or
      axo-somatic.

PMID- 6387546
TI  - Immunorecognition of anti-serotonin antibodies by using a radiolabelled ligand.
AB  - Specificity of anti-serotonin antibodies to be assayed for immunocytochemical
      studies was tested in vitro by using a radiolabelled ligand mimicking the hapten
      structure. A good immunorecognition was found after coupling [3H]HT to a lysine
      with formaldehyde. Competition experiments by equilibrium dialysis were then
      carried out between [3H]HT-F-ALM and both conjugated and unconjugated indoles.
      The cross-reactivity ratios showed that the antibody recognition, though less
      specific than expected, was found suitable for immunocytochemical applications.

PMID- 6387547
TI  - The vaginal contraceptive sponge: a new non-prescription barrier contraceptive.
AB  - The Today vaginal contraceptive sponge is a non-prescription barrier
      contraceptive which, after rigorous testing, was recently approved by the Food
      and Drug Administration (FDA) and marketed nationally. It is a cup-shaped white
      polyurethane sponge six cm in diameter and 1.5 cm thick, with a removal loop. The
      hydrophilic sponge is impregnated with spermicide. The user-inserted sponge can
      remain in place for multiple coital acts during a 24-hour period, and must remain
      in place for six hours after the last ejaculation for a maximum of 30 hours. It
      acts by spermicidal action, absorption of sperm and as a mechanical barrier.
      Effectiveness is comparable to other vaginal contraceptives: 84 percent use and
      89-91 percent theoretical use effectiveness. The FDA determined that the sponge
      does not pose a greater risk of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) than tampon use.
      Concerns regarding carcinogens were refuted. Spermicide teratogenicity, while
      under continued study, has not been supported. Advantages include spontaneity,
      convenience and comfort. Disadvantages include removal and retention problems.
      Providers teaching women proper placement and removal of the sponge is
      encouraged. It is a viable barrier-method alternative.

PMID- 6387548
TI  - Lead poisoning: a historical overview.

PMID- 6387549
TI  - Diagnosing Chlamydia trachomatis infection.

PMID- 6387550
TI  - Reduction of patient stress and the patient-dentist relationship.

PMID- 6387551
TI  - Maximizing acceptance of complete denture care.

PMID- 6387552
TI  - Urologic problems of pregnancy.

PMID- 6387553
TI  - Low birth weight babies. The small for gestational age. A review of current
      management.

PMID- 6387554
TI  - The utility and limitations of decision theory in the utilization of surgical
      staging and extended field radiotherapy in cervical cancer.

PMID- 6387555
TI  - Second trimester oligohydramnios, a predictor of poor fetal outcome.
AB  - Twelve cases of severe second trimester oligohydramnios are reported. The outcome
      of these pregnancies was uniformly poor, with no survivors in the present series.
      Four patients had therapeutic abortions, one woman had spontaneous labor at 22
      weeks' gestation, and seven patients continued to viability. Of these, five
      patients had severe renal abnormalities incompatible with life. Two infants died
      at, or shortly after, birth from severe intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR),
      one of which had a triploid karyotype. Review of the literature shows a similar
      poor outcome for pregnancies with severe oligohydramnios in the second trimester.

PMID- 6387556
TI  - Intensified conventional insulin therapy for the pregnant diabetic patient.
AB  - Thirty-three normoglycemic pregnant diabetic patients (White B-R) were studied in
      the course of one year during 732 weeks of therapy with 176 dose adjustments of
      insulin to determine patterns of insulin requirements. By means of an empirical
      formula, the insulin requirements within a 24-hour period can be calculated.
      Insulin requirement in the course of pregnancy decreases significantly between
      the tenth and the 16th week of gestation (-12%, P = less than .001). From the
      17th to the 36th week it increases slightly at first and more markedly from the
      28th week onward (+ 62%), decreasing again from the 36th week onward. Insulin
      distribution during the day depends on whether or not a residual function of beta
      cells and, consequently, basal insulin secretion exists. Either four doses of
      regular insulin are injected or three doses of regular insulin are combined with
      one to two doses of variously long-acting insulin. The ideal distribution
      regarding the type and amount of insulin follows certain patterns and can
      therefore be approximated.

PMID- 6387557
TI  - Diagnosis of ventriculomegaly before fetal viability.
AB  - Thirteen cases of documented ventriculomegaly were diagnosed between 19 and 24
      weeks of gestation. In 11 cases, the lateral ventricle/hemispheric width ratio
      was abnormally increased at the time of the first ultrasound examination, and in
      two, the lateral ventricle/hemispheric width ratios were initially in the high
      normal range. Severe ventriculomegaly was observed in both of the latter cases
      when repeat examinations were performed two weeks later. In 12 cases (92%), the
      biparietal diameter (BPD) was appropriate for gestational age, whereas the BPD
      was increased in only one. Two of the affected fetuses were found in conjunction
      with normal twins. This series suggests that fetal ventriculomegaly can be
      accurately diagnosed before fetal viability using the lateral
      ventricle/hemispheric width ratio.

PMID- 6387558
TI  - Circadian rhythm in bladder volumes in the term human fetus.
AB  - Circadian rhythms have been identified in a variety of maternal and fetal
      biophysical and endocrinologic parameters. The authors have undertaken a 24-hour
      study to identify the normal variation in fetal bladder volumes in the healthy,
      term human fetus. A significant decrease in fetal bladder volumes occurred
      between 2400 hours and 0600 hours when compared with other times of the day. It
      is suggested that this fall in fetal bladder volumes may be related to fetal
      cardiovascular or adrenal gland function.

PMID- 6387559
TI  - Rectosigmoid colectomy and reanastomosis to facilitate resection of primary and
      recurrent gynecologic cancer.
AB  - From 1976 through 1982, 72 rectosigmoid colectomies were performed on patients
      treated at the gynecologic oncology service at UCLA. Thirty-five of these were
      performed to resect primary or recurrent ovarian cancer, and 37 were performed as
      part of an exenteration for recurrent cervical or vaginal carcinoma. In 24 of the
      patients with ovarian cancer and 11 of the patients undergoing exenteration, the
      rectosigmoid colon was primarily reanastomosed, using either a primary suture
      technique or the end-to-end anastomosis stapler. Intraoperative management
      included adequate mobilization of the colonic mesentery to eliminate tension on
      the anastomosis, and liberal use of pelvic drains. Eighteen of 24 (75%) patients
      with ovarian cancer who received a primary reanastomosis did not have a
      protecting colostomy, whereas all 11 patients who underwent exenteration had a
      protecting colostomy. There were no anastomotic leaks in any of these patients,
      although morbidity occurred in seven of 35 patients (20%). There were no
      operative mortalities. The end-to-end anastomosis stapler has facilitated lower
      resections with primary reanastomosis. Colostomy is not mandatory in patients who
      have not had prior pelvic radiation therapy, and in whom no pelvic infection
      exists. Rectosigmoid colectomy permitted optimal or curative tumor resection in
      the majority of these patients, and thus should be performed whenever necessary
      to accomplish this goal.

PMID- 6387561
TI  - Pregnancy after vaginal hysterectomy.
AB  - Ectopic pregnancy after a total hysterectomy represents an unusual event. A
      survey of the literature reveals 29 reported cases. This report presents an
      additional case of early extrauterine gestation after total vaginal hysterectomy.
      Sonographic correlation is demonstrated.

PMID- 6387560
TI  - Submucous paracervical blockade compared with intramuscular meperidine as
      analgesia during labor: a double-blind study.
AB  - A double-blind study was carried out to compare the effect of submucous
      paracervical blockade using 12 mL 0.25% bupivacaine (55 women) to the effect of
      intramuscular injection of 75 mg meperidine (62 women) during the first stage of
      labor. All 117 were normal primiparous pregnancies. Seventy-eight percent of the
      women in the paracervical blockade group achieved full or acceptable pain relief
      against 31% in the meperidine group (P less than .01). Transient fetal
      bradycardia occurred in two cases in the paracervical blockade group and one in
      the meperidine group; all infants were born in good condition. Fetal distress,
      defined as an umbilical artery pH of 7.15 or less and/or a one-minute Apgar score
      of 7 or less was more frequent in the meperidine group (16 infants) than in the
      paracervical blockade group (six infants) (P less than .05). Submucous
      paracervical blockade is superior to intramuscular meperidine as pain relief
      during labor. Furthermore, meperidine results in more infants with asphyxia as
      compared with paracervical blockade.

PMID- 6387562
TI  - Improved vision following penetrating keratoplasty for pseudophakic corneal edema
      -visual results.
AB  - We studied prospectively 20 consecutive eyes of 17 patients who underwent
      penetrating keratoplasty for pseudophakic corneal edema. Copeland intraocular
      lens implants were retained in all cases initially, although one implant was
      subsequently removed. The visual results were analyzed at 12 and 24 months. With
      a minimum of 12 months follow-up, 65% of eyes saw 20/40 or better, while 80% saw
      20/80 or better. By 24 months, 80% saw 20/40 or better, while 95% saw 20/80 or
      better. Post-keratoplasty refractive surgery, consisting of relaxing incisions
      and/or wedge resections, was performed in six eyes.

PMID- 6387564
TI  - Bacterial contamination of donor corneas.
AB  - Bacterial contamination was studied in 146 donor corneas stored in McCarey
      Kaufman (M-K) medium at 4 degrees C. Ninety-six corneas from 48 respirator
      connected donors were compared with other donor corneas. Staphylococcus
      epidermidis was the major contaminant. Cultures were more often positive and
      mixed flora more frequently present in donors who had been on a respirator prior
      to excision of the corneas. The contamination by bacteria other than
      Staphylococcus epidermidis and by mixed growth was the leading cause for
      excluding donor corneas. No case of bacterial endophthalmitis was encountered
      among 66 recipients, 40 of whom obtained a respirator connected donor cornea.

PMID- 6387563
TI  - The use of Healon in corneal transplant surgery with and without intraocular
      lenses.
AB  - Healon was used in penetrating keratoplasty in order to assess the effect on
      donor cornea. Forty patients were divided into four groups. In Group 1, there
      were 20 patients who underwent intracapsular cataract extraction, intraocular
      lens implantation, and penetrating keratoplasty. In Group 2, there were 10
      patients who underwent intracapsular cataract extraction and corneal graft
      surgery. In Group 3, there were four patients with corneal dystrophy who
      underwent penetrating keratoplasty; and in Group 4, there were six patients with
      decompensated corneas who had intraocular lenses in situ and who underwent
      corneal replacement surgery. In each group, half of the patients randomly
      selected were treated with Healon, while the remaining patients served as
      controls and were treated with air/BSS. Healon treated recipients lost fewer
      endothelial cells and had thinner corneas than their control group counterparts.
      The intraocular pressure was slightly higher in the Healon group, but was easily
      controlled by proper medication. Healon was found to be beneficial to the patient
      and a safe adjunct in penetrating keratoplasty surgery.

PMID- 6387565
TI  - Use of Healon for corneal trephination in penetrating keratoplasty.
AB  - We report the use of Healon to assist in the performance of penetrating
      keratoplasty. Filling the recipient's anterior chamber with Healon prior to
      trephination permits complete penetration of the cornea with less chance of
      damaging underlying structures.

PMID- 6387566
TI  - [Ulcerative herpetic keratitis. Clinical and pathological findings and prognosis
      of the graft].
AB  - Between 1971 and 1982 33 corneae were excised for therapeutic keratoplasty
      because of ulcerative herpetic keratitis. The histologic findings and the
      clinical course enabled distinction of a nonreactive form with a rather good
      prognosis for keratoplasty (62% clear grafts) and an inflammatory form with bad
      prognosis (20% clear grafts) because of many herpetic recurrences. Perforating
      keratoplasty and first interventions in particular did better than lamellar
      keratoplasty or retransplantation. Existence of preoperative corneal
      vascularization compromised the prognosis of the graft. Preoperative perforation
      of the ulcer occurred rather often in nonvascularized corneae without
      compromising the prognosis of the graft.

PMID- 6387567
TI  - Silicone tubing used in intubating the lacrimal system. Joining the ends for easy
      removal.
AB  - Experiments were conducted in rabbits using histoacryl glue to join the ends of
      the silicone tubing used to intubate the lacrimal system. This method avoids the
      need for knots of suture which occasionally become trapped in the lacrimal sac,
      making extubation difficult. Rabbits intubated with this method were compared
      with those intubated with tubing tied by 4-0 prolene suture and untreated
      controls. The new method was successful during the four months of our study and
      no significant histopathological effects were observed in the normal canaliculus.
      The success of the procedure in rabbits led to its use in ten infants with
      lacrimal obstructions that had not been relieved by previous probings.

PMID- 6387568
TI  - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents after argon laser trabeculoplasty. A trial
      with flurbiprofen and indomethacin.
AB  - Seventy glaucomatous eyes received argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) to 180
      degrees of the trabecular meshwork. Thirty-six eyes were treated with topical
      .03% sodium flurbiprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent; 34 eyes
      received placebo. Eighteen eyes received ALT to 360 degrees of the meshwork; nine
      of these eyes were treated with topical 1% indomethacin and nine eyes received
      placebo. Eyes treated with flurbiprofen and indomethacin showed significantly
      less conjunctival injection following ALT. However, these agents did not
      significantly alter the anterior chamber reaction after laser therapy compared to
      placebo. Flurbiprofen-treated eyes showed a significantly smaller percent (32.6%)
      decrease in intraocular pressure (IOP) one day after ALT as compared to eyes
      receiving placebo (43.8%). In addition, a higher percentage of placebo treated
      eyes had a fall in IOP of at least 10 mmHg up to five weeks after ALT. Within the
      indomethacin protocol, the percentage change in IOP was comparable for both
      indomethacin and placebo treated eyes. Mild ocular symptoms (itching, burning,
      foreign-body sensation) developed in 77.8% of flurbiprofen-treated eyes, in 55.6%
      of indomethacin-treated eyes, and in 20.9% of eyes receiving placebo.

PMID- 6387569
TI  - A comparison of neodymium: YAG and argon laser iridotomies.
AB  - A prospective short-term clinical study evaluated argon and Q-switched
      neodymium:YAG laser iridotomies in 40 eyes of 20 patients with primary chronic
      angle-closure glaucoma. All patients had bilateral iridotomies with one eye
      randomly assigned to argon laser and the fellow eye to neodymium:YAG laser
      therapy. In all eyes a patent iridotomy was created in one treatment session. A
      mean of 12 +/- 11 and 0.033 +/- 0.025 J were needed for iridotomy formation in
      argon and neodymium:YAG treated eyes respectively. No neodymium:YAG and six (30%)
      argon iridotomies had marked closure requiring retreatment. Immediate
      postoperative intraocular pressure elevation greater than 10 mmHg was seen in
      seven (35%) argon and six (30%) neodymium:YAG-treated eyes. Nine (45%) eyes
      treated with the neodymium:YAG laser had bleeding from the iridotomy site. No
      acute lens damage was found in the neodymium:YAG eyes while seven (35%) lenses in
      the argon group had focal opacities. Seven (35%) neodymium:YAG and five (25%)
      argon treated eyes had focal nonprogressive corneal opacities above the iridotomy
      site. Specular microscopy showed a significant central corneal endothelial loss
      in argon laser treated eyes. No eyes had detectable retinal damage.

PMID- 6387570
TI  - Trochleitis with superior oblique myositis.
AB  - Thirteen patients complained of recent fluctuating aching of one orbit,
      punctuated by stabbing pains. All had exquisite point tenderness over the
      trochlea and in half of the patients the pain was aggravated by eye movement.
      Standardized A-scan echography demonstrated swelling of the peritrochlear tissue
      and thickening of the superior oblique muscle with low internal acoustic
      reflectivity, typical of myositis. CT scan showed a soft tissue density in the
      region of the trochlea. Biopsy, performed on two patients, revealed peri
      trochlear inflammation. In all patients the symptoms resolved within a period of
      weeks or months: indomethacin or naproxen were not effective, but oral or locally
      injected corticosteroids shortened the course compared to no treatment. None of
      the patients had ptosis, proptosis, Brown's syndrome, or a click, nor did they
      have echographic or radiographic signs of sinusitis or inflammation away from the
      trochlea. This probably represents a highly localized subtype of idiopathic
      orbital inflammation ("pseudotumor").

PMID- 6387571
TI  - Bupivacaine: a long-lasting local anesthetic for dentistry.
AB  - Bupivacaine, a long-acting amide local anesthetic, is a chemical analogue of
      mepivacaine with high lipid-solubility and protein-binding characteristics. These
      properties contribute to bupivacaine's greater potency and anesthetic duration as
      compared to other local anesthetics used in dentistry. The prolonged anesthesia
      it produces has been shown to limit postoperative pain following third molar
      extractions and endodontic procedures. Bupivacaine 0.5% with 1:200,000
      epinephrine provides a safe and valuable alternative to the anesthetic agents
      presently available in dentistry.

PMID- 6387572
TI  - A foreign body near the ramus of the mandible.

PMID- 6387573
TI  - The growth plate.
AB  - The growth plate is an organ composed of cartilage, bone, and fibrous parts whose
      activities are synchronized to provide for longitudinal growth in the typical
      long bone. The morphology, function, and metabolism of the growth plate and its
      component parts are discussed in detail in this article.

PMID- 6387575
TI  - Radiologic methods of evaluating generalized osteopenia.
AB  - Noninvasive methods of evaluating generalized osteopenia include radiography,
      radionuclide studies, and various quantitative studies. These methods differ in
      availability, cost, accuracy, precision, radiation dose, and information supplied
      about bony change. A combination of methods is necessary to detect and follow the
      course and treatment of osteopenia.

PMID- 6387574
TI  - Bone structure, composition, and mineralization.
AB  - Bone structure and function are dependent on complex interactions between cells,
      matrix, cell-derived factors, and systemic factors. The deposition of mineral in
      bone, which enables the skeleton to function properly, is described as a four
      step process of matrix modification, crystal nucleation, crystal growth, and
      remodeling. Insight into the function of bone components in the mineralization
      process is provided by in vitro studies and analysis of abnormal calcifications.

PMID- 6387576
TI  - Vitamin D, rickets, and osteomalacia.
AB  - Rickets and osteomalacia result from a variety of inherited and acquired
      conditions, but affected individuals present with striking stereotypical
      features. In most cases, the bone disease can be cured, or at least improved,
      with appropriate therapy for the specific metabolic abnormality. In this article,
      the author provides a discussion of vitamin D metabolism and a detailed
      description of the clinical presentation, diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of
      rickets and osteomalacia. He stresses the importance of orthopedic surgeons'
      awareness of these metabolic problems so that they may play a more active role in
      the diagnosis of these disorders and the effective management of the skeletal
      complications.

PMID- 6387577
TI  - Hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and Cushing's disease.
AB  - In this article, normal and hyperactive states of parathyroid, thyroid, and
      cortisol production are examined. Their role in bone loss and the rationale for
      therapeutic intervention are also discussed.

PMID- 6387578
TI  - Osteoporosis.
AB  - Osteoporosis is a skeletal condition in which there is a loss of bone mass,
      evident radiographically by diffuse rarefaction or clinically by overt fractures.
      It is a widespread disorder of the elderly. Several forms of osteopenia,
      including osteomalacia, endocrinopathy, and marrow disorders, simulate
      osteoporosis. In this article, there is a discussion of the risk factors in the
      development of osteoporosis, as well as the pathophysiology, clinical
      presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of the condition, including combination
      therapy with calcium, vitamin D, and sodium fluoride.

PMID- 6387579
TI  - [History of the Kiev Society of Traumatologists and Orthopedists].

PMID- 6387580
TI  - [Serum calcitonin and adrenal steroid serum levels in primary biliary cirrhosis
      (effect of intravenous calcium)].

PMID- 6387581
TI  - [The life of Gyula Elischer Sr., an apologia for art collecting].

PMID- 6387582
TI  - [The use of narcotics in old Vietnam. Current forms of its control].

PMID- 6387583
TI  - [The dental diseases of Endre Ady].

PMID- 6387584
TI  - [Histiocytosis syndrome (histiocytosis X) in infancy].

PMID- 6387585
TI  - [Histiocytosis X in the newborn infant].

PMID- 6387586
TI  - [Methotrexate levels in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid in children with acute
      lymphoid leukemia treated with medium doses of methotrexate].

PMID- 6387587
TI  - [BCG dissemination in chronic granulomatous disease].

PMID- 6387588
TI  - [Friedrich Kraus (1858-1936), born 125 years ago].

PMID- 6387589
TI  - [Bela Entz, one of the pioneers of clinical pathology in Hungary].

PMID- 6387590
TI  - [Recovery from chronic granulocytic leukemia in its blastic stage after bone
      marrow transplantation, without previous radiation therapy].

PMID- 6387591
TI  - [Management of diabetics based on blood sugar levels obtained by home-tested
      blood samples using filter paper].

PMID- 6387592
TI  - Medicaid enters health care mainstream.

PMID- 6387593
TI  - 1984 budget brings fee freeze, other changes.

PMID- 6387594
TI  - Mechanisms of survival of protozoan parasites in mononuclear phagocytes.
AB  - The understanding of the mechanisms whereby intracellular parasites counteract
      the microbicidal processes of macrophages has progressed considerably in recent
      years. Various factors contribute to intracellular parasite destruction; from a
      biochemical standpoint, particularly important is the oxidative burst triggered
      by phagocytosis and by macrophage 'activation', that leads to the generation of
      toxic metabolites of oxygen. At the ultrastructural level, fusion of the
      parasitophorous vacuole with surrounding lysosomes appears to be a pre-requisite
      for the final digestion and elimination of the infecting microorganisms. The
      counter-measures evolved by microorganisms to escape intracellular destruction
      are best illustrated by studies in vitro on the interaction of parasites of the
      Leishmania, Toxoplasma and Trypanosoma spp. with mononuclear phagocytes. Some
      microbes are able to inhibit the fusion of phagosomes with lysosomes, thus
      avoiding the potentially harmful action of lysosomal hydrolases. Other
      microorganisms are able to resist the effects of such enzymes, perhaps by
      secreting inhibitory substances. Others still avoid lysosomes by leaving the
      phagocytic vacuole, to reach the cytoplasmic matrix where their development is
      unhindered. Particularly critical is the capacity of certain parasites to subvert
      the lethal effects of the oxidative burst. This can be achieved either by failing
      to evoke this metabolic response, or by producing scavengers that can detoxify
      harmful oxygen metabolites. Intracellular death or survival will thus depend on a
      delicate balance between the potency of macrophage cidal mechanisms, and the
      efficacy of the protective measures evolved by the infecting agents.

PMID- 6387595
TI  - Antigenic variation in parasites.

PMID- 6387596
TI  - [Prevalence and dispersion of plasmids conferring fosfomycin resistance in
      enterobacteria].
AB  - The mechanisms of resistance to fosfomycin which, at the present, predominate
      among clinical isolates of Serratia marcescens as well as the incidence and
      dispersion of For plasmids among other species of Enterobacteriaceae were
      studied. It was found that that 23 of the 29 strains under study phenotypically
      behaved as glp T- mutants, another as glp T- and uhp- and five of them showed no
      alterations in their transport system. Self-transferable plasmids involved in For
      were isolated from the latter. For plasmids were also found in strains of
      Klebsiella pneumoniae but not in other enterobacteria. Plasmids were studied in
      order to establish their resistance phenotype, molecular weight and
      incompatibility group. The data obtained along with the restriction pattern allow
      us to conclude that the trait For is linked to, at least, two different
      replicons.

PMID- 6387597
TI  - [Serological diagnosis of Mediterranean boutonneuse fever].
AB  - Mediterranean spotted fever is a rickettsiosis due to R. conori. The authors have
      tested 2 serological reactions available in this disease: Weil-Felix (WF) and
      indirect immunofluorescent antibody test IF. IF, tested on 184 sera is sensitive
      (100% of positivity 30 days after the onset of the disease) and specific if a
      four fold in two sera is obtained at a level upper than: 80. The WF tested on 112
      sera is not specific and its sensitivity is poor.

PMID- 6387598
TI  - [Hormonal control of the metabolism of collagen].
AB  - This paper summarizes the results of hormonal studies applying to collagen
      metabolism that were published during the last 10 years. This general review
      demonstrates that most of the hormones, when they act on this metabolism, either
      decrease the amount of synthesized collagen or increase its catabolism. This
      effect is demonstrated on whole living animals, in isolated organs, in
      pathological cases such as corticosteroid induced osteoporosis, and more directly
      in cell cultures. At physiological levels, some of the effects may be slight or
      biphasic but at pharmacological levels glucocorticoids and estrogens are strongly
      inhibiting. These inhibiting effects may be ascribed to various stages of
      collagen biosynthesis: transcription of the genes, translation of mRNA, post
      translational reactions, that are particularly developed in the case of collagen
      and particularly sensitive to the hormone action. Intracellular degradation of
      collagen represents an important way of control for this biosynthesis and is
      noticeably activated by the system of cAMP and some prostaglandins. Finally,
      collagenases acting on the extracellular fibrils are stimulated by several groups
      of hormones such as thyroid hormone, testosterone, parathyroid hormone. This
      increase in catabolism acts in the sense of a fast decrease in the amount of
      collagen, confirming that most of the hormonal systems are aimed at decreasing
      both the synthesis of new collagen and the number of mature fibers existing in a
      given connective tissue. On the other hand, many growth factors and several
      hormones such as insulin and somatomedins are able to activate the mitoses in the
      cells that are know to produce collagen, and for this reason, indirectly
      stimulate the synthesis of this fibrous protein. It is of interest to point out
      that every time the organism needs depositing more collagen in any zone of the
      extracellular matrix, it has to send mobile cells from other tissues or to
      activate the divisions of the cells already present in the concerned tissue. This
      process is particularly conspicuous in the case of inflamed tissues. It is
      proposed as a general rule that decreases in the collagen amounts may be
      triggered by very fast hormonal mechanisms acting both to stop biosynthesis and
      to activate degradation, whereas the increase in collagen layering depends on
      indirect and slow mechanisms in which cell divisions represent the first event.

PMID- 6387599
TI  - Higher nervous activity in psychiatric patients.
AB  - A review is presented of studies of higher nervous activity in psychiatric
      patients. In neuroses and reactive psychoses the basic pathology appears to be
      centered around the psychogenic complex structures. In addition, neuroses as well
      as reactive psychoses reveal general disturbances of higher nervous activity. In
      the schizophrenic and manic depressive psychoses there are indications of
      disturbances in deep-lying brain structures. Both types of psychoses are
      heterogeneous groups of clinical conditions. An important task for future
      experimental studies is to establish the types of disturbances of higher nervous
      activity in well-defined clinically homogenous groups. The final section deals
      with prophylactic psychiatry, with special emphasis on Gantt's suggestions for an
      international project.

PMID- 6387600
TI  - [Sudden infant death syndrome. Anatomo-pathologic review].

PMID- 6387601
TI  - [Epidemiologic study on the spread of the delta agent in our territory by
      analysis of the antigen in hepatic biopsy].

PMID- 6387602
TI  - [Comparison between immunoperoxidase methods and the erythrocyte adherence test
      in the evaluation of iso-antigens of blood groups in the normal, hyperplastic and
      neoplastic urothelium].

PMID- 6387603
TI  - Infections due to Chlamydia trachomatis.

PMID- 6387604
TI  - Opportunistic fungal infections in children.
AB  - The advent of new therapeutic agents for fungal infections will improve therapy
      while reducing adverse reactions. Effective intervention requires suspicion of
      fungi as etiologic agents, obtaining tissue specimens for histology and culture,
      and early institution of antifungal chemotherapy. Empiric use of antifungals,
      after diagnostic tests have been performed, will further reduce the morbidity and
      mortality of fungal infections in immunosuppressed hosts.

PMID- 6387605
TI  - Can captopril cause fetal and neonatal renal failure?
AB  - We present a case of neonatal renal failure following a pregnancy complicated by
      hypertension treated with captopril. Clinical investigations showed structurally
      normal kidneys, suggesting a renal dysfunction other than that seen with the more
      common causes of neonatal renal failure. Recent animal and human data would
      support our hypothesis that transplacental captopril could have produced the
      clinical picture seen in our patient. Our findings do not unequivocally implicate
      captopril as the offending agent; however, since captopril is not considered to
      be teratogenic, a more widespread use may be anticipated in pregnancies
      complicated by severe hypertension. Surveillance of such pregnancies may yield
      more information regarding the above association.

PMID- 6387606
TI  - Iron is sequestered as ferritin in macrophages in skeletal muscle of vitamin E
      deficient rabbits.
AB  - Weanling rabbits were fed a purified diet with or without vitamin E
      supplementation to evaluate the abnormal sequestration of iron in skeletal muscle
      associated with vitamin E deficiency. A severe myopathy developed in
      unsupplemented rabbits within 3 to 4 weeks. At this time, the concentration of
      soluble nonheme iron in biceps femoris muscles had increased from 2.1 +/- 0.4
      microgram/g wet weight (mean +/- SD) for six control rabbits to 4.3 +/- 1.4 for
      10 vitamin E-deficient rabbits, and total nonheme iron had increased from 5.0 +/-
      1.2 to 8.4 +/- 3.3. Soleus muscles had even greater increases in total and
      soluble nonheme iron concentrations. Intramuscular injection of iron-dextran
      caused large increases in total and soluble nonheme iron in noninjected muscle of
      vitamin E-deficient rabbits, which further exaggerated the difference between the
      two groups. By radioimmunoassay using an antibody to rabbit liver ferritin, the
      concentration of ferritin in biceps femoris muscles increased from 0.47 +/- 0.18
      microgram/g wet weight for seven control rabbits to 6.34 +/- 1.70 for 14 vitamin
      E-deficient rabbits. Uptake of intravenously injected transferrin-bound iron into
      muscle of vitamin E-deficient rabbits was not increased in a short term
      experiment (6 h), but radioiron did accumulate in muscle in a long term
      experiment (6 days). There was no trapping of heat-damaged erythrocytes, no
      phagocytosis of intravenously injected carbon particles, and no
      erythrophagocytosis in muscle. An immunohistological staining method designed to
      detect ferritin in tissue sections stained muscle from normal rabbits very
      scantily but intensely stained macrophages in the muscle of vitamin E-deficient
      rabbits.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6387607
TI  - The onset of breathing at birth stimulates pulmonary vascular prostacyclin
      synthesis.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to determine if pulmonary prostacyclin
      synthesis was stimulated by spontaneous onset of breathing by unanesthetized
      fetuses at birth. Cannulae were implanted and flow cuffs placed in fetal lambs
      and goats (0.93 term). Fetuses were delivered by cesarean section at 0.95 term
      and began breathing spontaneously. Prostacyclin in blood was determined by
      radioimmunoassay of its hydrolysis product, 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha using
      methods that produced the same values in duplicate samples as did gas
      chromatography with electron capture detection. Fetal pulmonary prostacyclin
      production (left lung) [(left pulmonary venous concentration-pulmonary arterial
      concentration) X left pulmonary blood flow] was undetectable [-1.7 +/- 1.0 (SEM)
      ng PGI2 X kg-1 X min-1] and fetal pulmonary vascular resistance (left lung) high
      (5.1 +/- 0.9 mm Hg X kg X min X ml-1). Pulmonary prostacyclin production
      increased to 30.1 +/- 12.3 ngPGI2 X kg-1 X min-1 and pulmonary vascular
      resistance declined to 0.5 +/- 0.1 mm Hg X kg X min X ml-1 15 min after birth.
      Pulmonary vascular resistance remained low even though pulmonary prostacyclin
      production fell 2-5 h after birth. These results, coupled with earlier studies
      using indomethacin to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, support the hypothesis
      that pulmonary prostacyclin synthesis participates in the decline of pulmonary
      vascular resistance that accompanies the onset of ventilation at birth, but may
      be less important in maintenance of low pulmonary vascular resistance once
      reduced pulmonary vascular tone has been established.

PMID- 6387608
TI  - Hemodynamic consequences of tolazoline in neonatal group B streptococcal
      bacteremia: an animal model.
AB  - Using a piglet model of neonatal sepsis, we have determined that Group B
      streptococcal (GBS) bacteremia is associated with a state of vascular hyper
      resistance in both the pulmonary and systemic circulations. This elevated
      vascular resistance is accompanied by a significant fall in cardiac output
      despite the assurance of constant intravascular fluid volume. Pulmonary artery
      pressure rises extensively while systemic blood pressure remains essentially
      unchanged during this GBS infusion protocol. We report here our attempts to
      relieve the vascular hyperresistance of GBS infusion by administration of an
      alpha-sympathetic antagonist, tolazoline (Tz). We found that Tz, in a dose
      related fashion, decreased both systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance over
      the entire range from 2 to 25 mg/kg. Further, at all doses tested, the resistance
      reducing effect of Tz was equal in the systemic and pulmonary vascular beds. No
      selective pulmonary or systemic vasodilatory effect was demonstrated by Tz in
      this model of neonatal pulmonary hypertension. The reduction of systemic vascular
      resistance was accompanied by a significant elevation in total body cardiac
      output at all Tz doses. Compared to pre-Tz values, cardiac output rose by 24, 55,
      and 55% after Tz at 2, 8.3, and 25 mg/kg respectively. In addition,
      administration of Tz to septic normovolemic piglets reliably produced a transient
      decrease of systemic blood pressure. For Tz doses of 2 and 8.3 mg/kg, steady
      state systemic blood pressure returned to pre-Tz levels within 10 min. However,
      after Tz at 25 mg/kg, steady state systemic blood pressure remained significantly
      below pre-Tz levels.

PMID- 6387609
TI  - Experimental neonatal syphilis. I. Evidence of resistance to symptomatic
      infection in neonatal rabbits following intradermal inoculation with Treponema
      pallidum (Nichols strain).
AB  - Resistance of 5- to 8-day-old neonatal rabbits to dermal lesion development after
      intradermal inoculation of Treponema pallidum was demonstrated. Clinical evidence
      of infection following inoculation of 1 X 10(6) Treponema pallidum at each of two
      sites was either minimal or absent. Atypical, nonprogressive, nonulcerative
      lesions occurred in 59% of the inoculated neonates and at 45% of inoculated
      sites. Differences in incubation periods, duration, and maximum diameters of
      lesions among adult controls versus neonatal rabbits were significant. The age of
      waning resistance was determined by inoculating groups of neonates ranging from 1
      to 7 weeks of age. Five-week-old (31-36 days) neonates demonstrated waning
      resistance by the appearance of typically ulcerative, progressive lesions, though
      their parameters (duration, size) were not yet those of adult control lesions.
      The resistance demonstrated by neonates may be due in part to group housing
      (nesting) which could create unfavorable temperatures for T. pallidum survival;
      comparison of lesion development between nesting and individually housed
      neonates, 31 to 46 days of age, revealed a greater percentage of typical lesions
      developing among those individually housed (95 versus 52%). However, these
      differences may reflect the variability of typical lesion development found among
      animals of this age when resistance begins to wane. In both groups, the duration
      of typical lesions was significantly shorter than for adult controls. A heat
      stable serum factor(s) was demonstrated in 19 of 20 basal sera from neonates 4 to
      6 days of age; this presented another possible mechanism of resistance. The
      neutralizing serum factor(s) was not demonstrable in the sera of does either
      before mating, during gestation, or shortly after kindling.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6387610
TI  - Experimental neonatal syphilis. II. Immunological responses of neonatal rabbits
      to intradermal inoculation with Treponema pallidum (Nichols strain).
AB  - The immunological competence of neonatal rabbits inoculated intradermally with
      Treponema pallidum was examined. Both cellular responses and the production of
      humoral antibody to specific T. pallidum antigens and to nonspecific antigens or
      mitogens were investigated. In blast transformation assays, splenic and popliteal
      lymph node lymphocytes from neonates inoculated with virulent T. pallidum
      responded to T. pallidum antigens in a manner similar to or greater than
      inoculated adult rabbits. Splenic and popliteal lymph node lymphocytes from both
      uninoculated and T. pallidum-inoculated neonate and adult animals showed
      consistent and similar responses to concanavalin A. Both neonate and adult
      animals inoculated with heat-killed T. pallidum also responded but to a
      significantly lesser degree. Immunofluorescent examination of skin sections from
      the site of inoculation of adult and neonatal animals revealed 1) that the early
      infiltrate was composed predominantly of T cells, 2) diffuse antibody staining
      with rare B cells, and 3) fewer treponemes with significant fragmentation in
      neonates as compared to adult controls. Antibody production by neonates
      inoculated with virulent T. pallidum was delayed 4 to 6 weeks postinoculation as
      measured by the fluorescent Treponemal antibody absorption and Venereal Disease
      Research Laboratory (VDRL) test procedures, respectively. Antibody was not
      detected among neonates inoculated with heat-killed treponemes during a 6-week
      observation period and only low levels of VDRL antibody were detected in a few
      adult control animals. Evidence for incomplete resistance of neonatal rabbits to
      the intradermal inoculation of Treponema pallidum was provided.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6387611
TI  - Immune response to respiratory syncytial virus: prevention of syncytia formation
      by human serum during in vitro infection.
AB  - Human serum specimens containing respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-specific
      neutralizing antibody were found to prevent the formation of syncytia when
      applied to HEp-2 tissue culture monolayers which had been infected with RSV 12 h
      previously. This was evidenced by the demonstration of RSV-infected cells without
      any syncytia formation in the monolayers treated with RSV antibody-positive
      serum. On the other hand, widespread syncytia formation was observed with
      antibody-negative control serum. The inhibitory effects of RSV antibody
      progressively declined when applied beyond 12 h after infection. Protection of
      the monolayer against syncytia formation occurred only in the presence of
      antibody and was quickly lost after the serum was removed. The titer of
      antisyncytial antibody correlated with the titer of neutralization antibody.

PMID- 6387612
TI  - [Pleural empyema in children--clinical analysis].

PMID- 6387613
TI  - Human milk protein and medium-chain triglyceride oil supplementation of human
      milk: plasma amino acids in very low-birth-weight infants.
AB  - Fifty-one very low-birth-weight infants (birth weight less than 1,520 g) randomly
      fed either human milk or human milk supplemented with human milk protein and/or
      with medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil were observed. Plasma amino acids from
      these infants were studied at 2, 8, and 10 weeks. Medium-chain triglyceride oil
      supplementation had minimal or no influence on plasma amino acids. Human milk
      protein supplementation resulted in increased concentrations of all amino acids
      at all ages studied. The concentrations were 1.5- to threefold as compared with
      values in infants not given protein supplements. However, the concentrations of
      methionine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and lysine remained far below values
      considered harmful. The age at which maximal plasma amino acid concentrations in
      infants given human milk protein supplementation occur coincides with the age of
      the lowest serum albumin concentrations in infants fed only human milk. This
      suggests that high plasma amino acid concentrations may hasten albumin synthesis
      in very low-birth-weight infants.

PMID- 6387614
TI  - Serum antibodies after vaccination with Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular
      polysaccharide and responses to reimmunization: no evidence of immunologic
      tolerance or memory.
AB  - Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide vaccine was given in
      Finland in 1974 to approximately 50,000 infants and children, whose serum anti-H
      influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide levels have been followed for 3 1/2
      years. The serum antibodies induced by the vaccination proved short-lived (less
      than 6 months) in the infants younger than 18 months. Elevated serum antibody
      levels were detectable for 1 1/2 years but less than 3 1/2 years in the children
      who were vaccinated when 18 to 35 months old. In the children who were 3 to 5
      years old when vaccinated, the elevated anti-H influenzae type b capsular
      polysaccharide levels persisted for at least 3 1/2 years. Therefore, children
      vaccinated at the age of 18 months may need a new dose of vaccine 1 to 1 1/2
      years after the first dose in order to be protected for the period of high
      susceptibility, until the age of approximately 7 years. Some of the vaccinated
      children were reimmunized 3 1/2 years after the first dose, and the anti-H
      influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide levels in their sera were studied in a
      similar manner. At no time did the anti-H influenzae type b capsular
      polysaccharide levels after the reimmunization differ from the anti-H influenzae
      type b capsular polysaccharide levels seen after the first vaccination in
      children of the same age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6387615
TI  - Effect of sucrose on hyperkinetic children.
AB  - A hyperkinetic boy and his mother were found, by blind tests, to be
      hypersensitive to sucrose, with manifestations of irritability, hyperactivity,
      and headache. Neither glucose, lactose, or saccharin produced any behavioral
      changes. To ascertain whether this was common in those with hypersensitivity to
      sucrose, 50 hyperkinetic children, whose mothers had volunteered that they "knew"
      or were "sure" that their hyperactivity and general behavior were much worse when
      they had eaten foods containing sugar (sucrose), were tested in a blind
      experiment with a challenge dose of a glass of lemonade containing 75 g of
      sucrose compared with lemonade sweetened with saccharin; this was done three
      times. No differences could be found in their behavior after ingesting sucrose
      compared with saccharin. Hypersensitivity to sucrose can lead to adverse
      behavioral changes, but this hypersensitivity appears to be an uncommon
      condition. If suspected it can be tested for very simply.

PMID- 6387616
TI  - Improved survival of newborns receiving leukocyte transfusions for sepsis.
AB  - To determine the role of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocyte transfusions in
      neonates with sepsis, 23 consecutive newborns were prospectively randomly
      selected during an 18-month period in a treatment plan to receive
      polymorphonuclear leukocyte transfusions with supportive care or supportive care
      alone. Thirteen neonates received transfusions every 12 hours for a total of five
      transfusions. Each transfusion consisting of 15 mL/kg of polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes was subjected to 1,500 rads of radiation. The polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes were obtained by continuous-flow centrifugation leukapheresis and
      contained 0.5 to 1.0 X 10(9) granulocytes per 15 mL with less than 10%
      lymphocytes. Pretreatment demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables that
      were found to be insignificant in prognosis between newborns who received
      transfusions and newborns who did not receive transfusions included weight,
      gestational and postnatal age, hypoxia, acidosis, hypotension, initial absolute
      granulocyte count (AGC), initial levels of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM),
      and total hemolytic complement. Positive findings on blood cultures were obtained
      in 14/23 patients and seven were randomly selected for each treatment group.
      Absolute granulocyte counts were less than 1,500/microL in 13 patients but tibial
      bone marrow examinations revealed that the neutrophil supply pool was depleted in
      only three patients. The survival was significantly greater in the treatment
      group (13/13, 100%) compared with the group that did not receive transfusions
      (6/10, 60%, P less than .02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6387617
TI  - [Correction of dyslipoproteinemia in children and early prevention of
      atherosclerosis].

PMID- 6387618
TI  - [Diagnostic potential of the NBT test in pediatric practice].

PMID- 6387619
TI  - [Premenstrual tension--causes and treatment].

PMID- 6387620
TI  - [The first heart transplantation in Norway].

PMID- 6387621
TI  - [What is the p value and what is it worth?].

PMID- 6387622
TI  - Initiation of transcription of a mitochondrial tRNA gene cluster in S.
      cerevisiae.
AB  - In Saccharomyces cerevisiae most mitochondrial tRNA genes are clustered in a 9
      kbp region between the cap and oxil genes. Polygenic transcripts of this region
      have been previously identified. A transcriptional initiation site at a TTATAAGTA
      box, located upstream from the tRNAcys gene, has now been detected by S1 mapping
      experiments and by the capping of primary transcripts. Results are consistent
      with the hypothesis that this box represents the initiation site for
      transcription of a cluster of tRNA genes, while the adjacent tRNA2thr is
      cotranscribed with the 21S rRNA. Results obtained with various strains are
      compared, and the efficiency of this sequence as a transcriptional initiation
      site in different mitochondrial contexts is discussed.

PMID- 6387623
TI  - Structure and organization of two linked ribosomal protein genes in yeast.
AB  - The genes encoding yeast ribosomal proteins rp28 and S16A are linked and occur
      duplicated in the yeast genome. In both gene pairs the genes are approximately
      600 bp apart and are both transcribed in the same direction. Both ribosomal
      protein genes resemble other ribosomal protein genes studied so far in many
      structural aspects. The genes are interrupted by an intron near the 5'-end of
      their coding sequence. In addition the flanking regions contain several conserved
      sequence elements, which may function in transcription initiation and
      termination. In agreement with findings concerning other cloned yeast ribosomal
      protein genes, upstream homology blocks occur that may be involved in coordinate
      control of ribosomal protein gene transcription. The complete pattern of
      conserved and diverged sequences between the two duplicate gene pairs is
      presented.

PMID- 6387624
TI  - Selective binding of amino acid residues to tRNAPhe.
AB  - The interaction of amino acid amides with tRNAPhe was studied by measurements of
      the Wye base fluorescence. Binding of phenylalanine-, tyrosine- and tryptophan
      amides leads to considerable quenching, whereas the amides of e.g. glycine and
      leucine do not induce quenching under the same conditions. Binding constants at
      0.13 M salt - 100 M-1 for Phe-, 110 M-1 for Tyr- and 300 M-1 for Trp-amide - are
      about a factor of 6 higher than those evaluated from independent measurements for
      binding to simple single-stranded polynucleotides; the corresponding factor is 10
      for double-stranded polynucleotides. Since the apparent enthalpy changes derived
      from measurements at different temperatures remains relatively low (-9 to -20
      kJ/mol), the increased affinity appears to be mainly due to an increase of the
      entropy changes. Titration experiments performed in the presence of Mg2+ indicate
      cooperative interactions of the aromatic residues with the anticodon loop that
      are consistent with preferential binding to one of two loop conformations.
      Measurements of binding constants at different pH-values indicate the protonation
      of a tRNA residue in the tryptophanamide-tRNAPhe complex characterised by a pK
      value of about 7.0.

PMID- 6387625
TI  - Cloning and nucleotide sequences of the linear DNA killer plasmids from yeast.
AB  - The linear DNA killer plasmids (pGKL1 and pGKL2) isolated from a Kluyveromyces
      lactis killer strain are also maintained and expressed its killer character in
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae. After these killer plasmid DNAs isolated from S.
      cerevisiae were treated with alkali, four terminal fragments from each plasmid
      DNAs were cloned separately. Using these and other cloned DNA fragments, the
      terminal nucleotide sequences of pGKL2 and the complete nucleotide sequence of
      pGKL1 were determined. The inverted terminal repetitions of 202 bp and 182 bp
      were found in pGKL1 and pGKL2, respectively. The pGKL1 sequence showed an
      extremely high A + T content of 73.2% and it contained five large open reading
      frames. The largest of these open reading frame was suggested to code for a
      membrane-bound precursor of glycoprotein subunit of the killer toxin.

PMID- 6387626
TI  - Effect of superhelicity on the transcription from the tet promoter of pBR322.
      Abortive initiation and unwinding experiments.
AB  - Supercoiling of DNA is now known to have considerable effects on transcription in
      bacteria. By abortive initiation reaction (6) we have determined the binding
      constant KB and the forward rate of isomerization k2 as a function of
      temperature, pH and buffer for the tet promoter in a supercoiled plasmid. If the
      activation energy of isomerization is very similar to that obtained previously
      under the same conditions on a linearized plasmid (6) (respectively 21 +/- 5
      kcal/mole and 13 +/- 5 kcal/mole) the supercoiling introduces very important and
      not well understood changes in the thermodynamic parameters of the association
      polymerase - promoter. Using the technique of superhelical DNA relaxation by
      eukaryotic topoisomerase I, we have determined the specific unwinding by RNA
      polymerase of the tet promoter of pBR322 (430 degrees). This unwinding differs
      only slightly from the mean value (470 degrees) obtained for all the promoters of
      pBR322.

PMID- 6387627
TI  - The relevance of DNA precursor pools to repair.

PMID- 6387628
TI  - Approaches to the quantitative analysis of repair through the use of inhibitors.

PMID- 6387629
TI  - Comparative studies of repair using inhibitors.

PMID- 6387630
TI  - Community based care: who will be the case managers?

PMID- 6387631
TI  - Effects of biofeedback-aided relaxation on the psychological stress symptoms of
      college students.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of Benson's relaxation
      technique (BRT) with Benson's technique augmented with GSR biofeedback (i.e.,
      biofeedback-aided relaxation, BAR) on the psychological stress symptoms of well
      college students. Seventy-eight normotensive college students were randomly
      assigned to one of three groups: the BRT group, the BAR group, and a control
      group. The BRT and BAR students were asked to practice their respective
      relaxation technique daily for an eight-week period. Pre- and postintervention,
      all subjects were administered a state-anxiety inventory and a profile-of-mood
      state (POMS) test. Posttest analysis indicated that the BAR group had
      significantly lower state anxiety and POMS than the BRT and control groups (p
      less than 0.05). It was evident from the results that BAR did augment BRT in
      lowering psychological stress symptoms. Part of the effectiveness was due to the
      expectation of relief on the part of the BAR group. It was recommended that
      nurses study the effects of BAR in clinical settings.

PMID- 6387632
TI  - Effect of nursing interventions on nutritional and performance status in cancer
      patients.
AB  - Cancer patients, assessed as nutritionally at risk, were randomly assigned to a
      control group or to one of four intervention groups receiving (a) nutritional
      supplementation, (b) relaxation training, (c) both nutritional supplementation
      and relaxation training, or (d) neither nutritional supplementation nor
      relaxation training. Fifty-five subjects completed a four-month intervention
      period during which they were visited biweekly by a nurse (except control
      subjects). In repeated measures analyses of variance, significant group-by-time
      interactions were obtained for weight and arm muscle circumference (a measure of
      protein stores), indicating that for these measures the groups changed
      differentially during the intervention period. The group-by-time interaction
      approached significance on the Karnofsky Performance Status Scale. For all three
      variables, gain was greatest for the relaxation group; the most severe loss
      occurred in the control group. These findings suggest that the cachexia of cancer
      may be slowed or reversed through noninvasive nursing interventions.

PMID- 6387633
TI  - Relaxation and visualisation techniques in patients with breast cancer.

PMID- 6387634
TI  - The new breed of nurse historian.

PMID- 6387635
TI  - A new history of nursing. One. Changing perspectives.

PMID- 6387636
TI  - A new history of nursing. Two. Made, not born.

PMID- 6387637
TI  - Manipulating the hormones.

PMID- 6387638
TI  - [Cigarette smoking and the etiopathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema].

PMID- 6387639
TI  - Chemoprophylaxis of early onset Group B streptococcal disease.

PMID- 6387640
TI  - Tachycardia as a sign of early onset neonatal sepsis.
AB  - A prospective study in two parts was designed to assess tachycardia in neonates
      (less than 72 hours of age) and its role as an early indicator of neonatal
      sepsis. In Part I of the study we determined the incidence of tachycardia among
      all inborn neonates in 1 year, and in Part II we assessed the presence of
      tachycardia in inborn and outborn infants evaluated for sepsis. Twenty-one
      infants were tachycardic among 4530 live births (incidence, 4.64/1000). Ten
      tachycardic infants were septic. Of 82 infants who were evaluated for sepsis, 13
      had proved sepsis, 12 of whom had tachycardia as one of their presenting
      symptoms. Of the remaining nonseptic infants 6 of 69 had tachycardia. There was a
      significant difference in the two groups (P less than 0.001). The results
      demonstrate that tachycardia is an important sign of neonatal sepsis.

PMID- 6387641
TI  - An extended experience with cefuroxime therapy of childhood bacterial meningitis.
AB  - Eighty-four pediatric patients with bacterial meningitis were prospectively
      evaluated while receiving cefuroxime (200 mg/kg/day in four equal intravenous
      doses) as single-drug therapy for 9 to 13 days. Six cases were admitted in
      extremis and died within a few hours because of irreversible central nervous
      system damage or shock. The remaining 78 patients were cured, and prompt
      bacteriological and clinical responses were noted. The pathogens were Haemophilus
      influenzae b (43 cases), Neisseria meningitidis (20 cases), Streptococcus
      pneumoniae (10 cases) and unknown (five cases). All pathogens were susceptible in
      vitro to cefuroxime including two strains of beta-lactamase producing H.
      influenzae. Time to defervescence, incidence and cause of both prolonged and
      secondary fever, as well as type and frequency of complications and sequelae
      compared favorably to other series. It is concluded that cefuroxime is effective
      and safe single-drug therapy for childhood bacterial meningitis beyond the
      neonatal age group.

PMID- 6387642
TI  - Group A streptococcal proctitis and vulvovaginitis in a prepubertal girl.

PMID- 6387643
TI  - Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal proctocolitis.

PMID- 6387644
TI  - Pyomyositis presenting as acute abdominal pain.

PMID- 6387645
TI  - Salmonella strains resistant to multiple antibiotics: therapeutic implications.
AB  - In summary we are confronted with the awareness that Salmonella organisms of
      various species have developed simultaneous resistance to ampicillin,
      chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. These strains are now
      widespread throughout much of Asia and the Middle East and have caused outbreaks
      of disease in man and animals in many different countries. Several reports
      document the appearance of these clinically resistant organisms in the United
      States, usually as a result of importation from abroad. Since most of the
      reported cases have been in infants, and given the duration of carriage and the
      impossibility of adequate hygienic precautions in this age group, secondary
      spread is to be expected. In this regard the Centers for Disease Control have
      already noted increased reports of S. mbandaka and S. alachua isolates from the
      states of Minnesota, Oregon and Washington and have attributed this increase to
      the infected infants adopted from India. Furthermore current patterns of
      international social mobility would seem to dictate the inevitability of
      continued importation of such multiply resistant organisms, especially from Third
      World countries. In addition to immigration from abroad the selective pressure of
      antimicrobial usage in this country might contribute to the emergence of similar
      resistance patterns. Resistance to ampicillin and chloramphenicol has
      significantly increased in recent years, and one would expect to see more
      frequent resistance to TMP-SMX as this drug is used more commonly for the
      management of otitis media, urinary tract infections and other diseases of high
      prevalence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6387646
TI  - Erythromycin-resistant group A beta-hemolytic streptococci: prevalence at four
      medical centers.

PMID- 6387647
TI  - The distribution of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) in the
      central nervous system of the rat: an immunohistochemical study. II. Lower brain
      stem.
AB  - The distribution of immunoreactive alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha
      MSHI) in the rat lower brain stem was examined by indirect immunofluorescence or
      peroxidase- anti-peroxidase immunohistochemical method using an antiserum against
      synthetic alpha-MSH. The results confirmed the presence of alpha-MSHI fibers in
      the midbrain central gray matter and parabrachial area, and demonstrated a much
      more extensive distribution of these fibers in various parts of the lower brain
      stem areas previously thought not contain alpha-MSHI fibers. In addition, the
      commissural nucleus was identified as a new alpha-MSHI neurons-containing site.
      No alpha-MSHI neurons were seen in other regions of the rat lower brain stem.

PMID- 6387648
TI  - Pro-enkephalin gene derived peptides in the porcine stomach: cellular
      distribution and molecular forms.
AB  - Antisera to the enkephalin variants Met-enk Arg6Phe7 and Met-enk Arg6Gly7Leu8
      have been used in immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay studies of hog
      stomach. In the mucosa of the antrum, but not fundus, there was identified a
      population of immunoreactive endocrine-like cells. When extracts of antral mucosa
      were fractionated by gel filtration on Sephadex G50 the predominant
      immunoreactive forms of Met-enk Arg6Phe7 and Met-enk Arg6Gly7Leu8 were found to
      elute before the standards, and were compatible with N-terminally extended
      variants. In the muscle layers of both antrum and fundus, immunoreactive nerve
      fibers were found, these were especially numerous in the myenteric plexus. In
      extracts of the antral muscle, 50-60% of both Met-enk Arg6Phe7 and Met-enk
      Arg6Gly7Leu8 immunoreactivity eluted in the position of the standards and the
      remainder had the properties of N-terminally extended variants. In the fundus
      muscle the variants accounted for 70-80% of total activity. The results indicate
      that the proenkephalin gene is expressed in neurones and endocrine cells of the
      hog stomach. The different patterns of molecular forms found in different regions
      of the stomach suggest that the precursor is processed by different pathways in
      different populations of endocrine cells and neurones.

PMID- 6387649
TI  - [Insulin, glucagon and gastrin secretion after cholecystokinin-pancreozymin and
      secretin stimulation in children with pancreatic insufficiency].

PMID- 6387650
TI  - [Absorption of vitamin B 12].

PMID- 6387651
TI  - [Value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of cholelithiasis (on the basis of 21
      cases verified during surgery)].

PMID- 6387652
TI  - [The hypereosinophilia syndrome].

PMID- 6387653
TI  - [Heterotopic autotransplantation of the spleen-splenosis].

PMID- 6387654
TI  - [Nicotinyl in the treatment of arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower limbs].

PMID- 6387655
TI  - [Role of zinc in the regulation of immune processes of the body].

PMID- 6387656
TI  - [Partial gastrectomy with and without duodenal transit; its role in carbohydrate
      metabolism and insulin secretion].

PMID- 6387657
TI  - [Neoplasm antigens and monoclonal antibodies in patients with stomach cancer].

PMID- 6387658
TI  - [Effectiveness of ketoprofen and sulindac treatment of patients with chronic
      glomerulopathies].

PMID- 6387659
TI  - [Modification of the USG-10 ultrasonograph].

PMID- 6387660
TI  - Review: prostate cancer epidemiology.
AB  - Prostate cancer is common among men in the United States. Factors of possible
      importance in the etiology of prostate cancer include diet, primarily implicated
      by ecologic studies of national, regional, and ethnic variation in rates;
      endocrine function, implicated by the importance of endocrine function in normal
      prostatic growth and in the treatment of prostate cancer; genetic susceptibility,
      supported by familial aggregation; some aspect of sexual behavior, suggested by
      case-control differences in sexual behavior; and occupational exposure,
      particularly cadmium exposure. Despite the public health importance of prostate
      cancer, it has received only moderate epidemiologic study; thus the etiologic
      importance of these and other possible determinants of prostate cancer risk is
      uncertain [55].

PMID- 6387661
TI  - Abnormal polymorphonuclear leukocyte motility in dermatologic diseases.
AB  - A variety of skin diseases have been reported to have associated abnormalities in
      PMN chemotactic motility; however, the relationship of abnormal leukocyte
      motility to the pathogenesis of these diseases is poorly understood. A common
      feature in skin diseases associated with depressed chemotaxis has been the
      frequency of recurrent pyogenic infections. Since the chemotaxins and
      methodologies for evaluating leukocyte chemotaxis differ among laboratories,
      little is known about the specificity of these chemotactic defects. Further
      information regarding PMN motility defects may be obtained from detailed studies
      of migration to various doses of chemotaxins. The commercial availability of
      potent, structurally defined chemotaxins, such a N-formylated peptides, provides
      laboratories the opportunity to evaluate migration to "common" chemotaxins. In
      addition, the development of the multiple microwell chemotaxis chamber has made
      possible the opportunity to collect substantial leukocyte motility data from
      relatively small blood samples. Further investigations of leukocyte motility in
      various dermatologic diseases are clearly needed. A more systematic approach,
      i.e. (1) use of several different chemotaxins at various doses in chemotaxis
      assays and (2) use of standard, structurally defined chemotaxins, would
      facilitate comparative analyses of clinical studies among laboratories. It is
      likely that this approach would provide more specific information about the
      relevance of leukocyte motility defects in these diseases.

PMID- 6387662
TI  - Anatomy and embryology of the eyelids: a review with special reference to the
      development of divided nevi.
AB  - In this review of the basic anatomy and embryology of the human eyelids, the
      sequence of eyelid differentiation is discussed. The development is important in
      exploring the formation of divided or "kissing" nevi of the lids. Since the lids
      are fused from the ninth week until the twentieth week of gestation, one may
      propose that the precursor elements of the nevus develop during that specific
      time. Because the epithelium only is fused, melanocytes derived from the neural
      crest must begin their differentiation in the region of the fused epithelium.

PMID- 6387663
TI  - Antimalarials--are they safe to use in children?
AB  - From 1963 to the present, many reviews of antimalarials for use in dermatology
      have mentioned the special sensitivity of children to these drugs. Fatal
      reactions have been limited to accidental or intentional overdosage and two
      instances of IM injection. While 1 gm of chloroquine can produce fatal reaction
      in very young children, analysis of published and unpublished cases show that
      adults exhibit a similar sensitivity when compared on a mg/kg basis. This
      information should encourage a physician to use antimalarials where appropriate,
      but special precaution should be taken to prevent poisoning.

PMID- 6387664
TI  - Epidermolysis bullosa: a review.
AB  - Epidermolysis bullosa is a group of inherited disorders characterized by
      blistering of the skin as a result of minor trauma. The disease can be divided
      into three anatomical categories: Epidermolytic, where blister cleavage occurs
      within the epidermis; Junctional, which has blister cleavage within the lamina
      lucida; and Dermolytic, where blister cleavage occurs below the basal lamina in
      the upper papillary dermis. Each of these three categories can be divided into
      several distinct entities based on clinical and histologic criteria. Basic
      biochemical studies have increased our understanding of several of these
      diseases, most notably recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Although
      therapy for patients with EB is largely supportive, increased knowledge of the
      biochemistry of these disorders is making direct therapeutic interventions
      possible.

PMID- 6387665
TI  - Neonatal lupus erythematosus: a review.
AB  - Neonatal lupus erythematosus is an uncommon type of lupus that in addition to
      cutaneous lesions may have systemic involvement. It is generally a benign
      condition unless complicated by complete heart block, which is irreversible and
      which carries a high mortality rate in the first year of life. Patients' mothers
      often show clinical and/or laboratory features of connective tissue diseases.

PMID- 6387666
TI  - Herpes gestationis with transient bullous lesions in the newborn.
AB  - A case of severe bullous dermatosis in the newborn son of a mother with herpes
      gestationis is reported. Bullous lesions appeared in the child about 2 hours
      after delivery and regressed completely without specific treatment by the end of
      the first month, leaving numerous epidermal cysts. The immunologic phenomena were
      both qualitatively and quantitatively comparable to those obtained in the mother,
      i.e., deposition of complement (C3) and smaller amounts of IgG at the dermo
      epidermal junction of the affected skin. A transient increase of the total serum
      IgE was demonstrated in the mother, while the serum IgE level in the newborn was
      less than 5 U/ml. The pathogenetic role of IgG autoantibodies in herpes
      gestationis and, more generally, in autoimmune diseases is discussed.

PMID- 6387667
TI  - Principles of the use of glucocorticosteroids in the growing child.
AB  - The use of glucocorticosteroids in children presents special problems because of
      the suppressive effects on growth and on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
      This review summarizes the pathophysiology of glucocorticoid action and outlines
      suggested guidelines for monitoring children treated with these drugs. There is
      no "magic formula" for corticosteroid use in children, except to say that it is
      safest to use the smallest possible dose for the shortest period of time. Growth
      and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal suppression may be minimized by giving
      alternate-day or single morning doses and avoiding long-acting preparations.
      Therapy during puberty and infancy has the greatest chance to produce permanent
      loss of ultimate height. Growth should be documented by accurate measurement,
      plotting the data on growth charts. During therapy and while the hypothalamic
      pituitary-adrenal axis remains suppressed, written emergency instructions for
      glucocorticoid therapy should be provided to patients, and they should wear
      identification indicating that they are taking these agents. Above all, therapy
      must be individualized.

PMID- 6387668
TI  - Systemic glucocorticosteroid therapy of skin disease in children.
AB  - The role of systemic glucocorticosteroid therapy in the management of
      dermatologic disorders in children is limited. Most skin diseases requiring the
      antiinflammatory or antiproliferative effects of steroids are best managed with
      topical preparations, because they exert local effects almost exclusively and
      cause few if any systemic side effects when used properly. There are, however,
      certain skin diseases, which because of their severity or their intrinsic nature,
      do not respond adequately to these agents. We propose the indications for
      pharmacologic doses of systemic glucocorticosteroids in dermatologic disease, the
      preferred route of administration, the most common as well as the more rare side
      effects of this therapy. Withdrawal of patients from chronic use of these drugs
      is also discussed.

PMID- 6387669
TI  - Psoriatic arthritis in children.
AB  - This paper reviews the typical features of psoriatic arthritis, with emphasis on
      the clinical manifestations in children. The concepts of seronegative
      spondyloarthropathy and enthesopathy are described. Recent information is
      presented on genetics, possible pathophysiologic mechanisms, and treatment.

PMID- 6387670
TI  - Bullous mastocytosis: diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis with extensive blisters
      mimicking scalded skin syndrome or erythema multiforme.
AB  - Bullous mastocytosis (diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis) is a rare form of mast cell
      disease that begins during the first month of life and causes extensive blisters
      that mimic scalded skin syndrome or bullous erythema multiforme. Discrete
      pigmented macules, papules, and nodules are absent and the characteristic
      leathery induration of skin may not develop until 6 months of age. Skin biopsy
      shows a subepidermal blister with mast cells at the base. The most serious
      complications are gastrointestinal hemorrhage and shock. The symptoms of bullous
      mastocytosis may be modified by a number of new therapeutic agents.

PMID- 6387671
TI  - Clinical perspectives on premature tooth eruption and cyst formation in neonates.
AB  - Premature eruption of teeth occurs in 1 of every 2,000 births. The reported
      association between natal teeth and serious, rare, inherited syndromes suggests
      that particular caution should be exercised in examination of newborns having
      prematurely erupted teeth. The ectomesenchyma, from which the orofacial
      structures develop, undergoes a complex, coordinated series of steps of
      proliferation and differentiation during the first two months in utero. At
      approximately seven weeks the presumptive mandibular and maxillary arches show a
      bandlike ectodermal thickening called the dental lamina. Odontogenesis (tooth
      development) begins with budding of the dental lamina and continues into the
      second week of life. Remnants of odontogenic epithelium or of epithelium covering
      the embryonic facial processes may develop into cystic structures, causing
      intraoral swellings on the alveolar ridges or palate (i.e., Bohn's nodules and
      Epstein's pearls). Prematurely erupted natal and neonatal teeth are generally
      normal deciduous incisors. Hypermobility of these teeth, resulting from poorly
      formed roots, may stabilize within a short period of time. Extraction of natal
      and neonatal teeth should not be done precipitously.

PMID- 6387672
TI  - Corn starch, Candida albicans, and diaper rash.
AB  - The growth of Candida albicans experimentally inoculated onto the skin of human
      volunteers was not enhanced by the addition of either cornstarch powder or talcum
      powder. Sufficient nutrients for growth of C. albicans exist on human skin,
      provided sufficient moisture is present. Cornstarch and talc powders were shown
      to minimize frictional injury experimentally induced in human volunteers. These
      studies indicate that cornstarch and talc powders do not enhance the growth of
      yeasts on human skin and do provide protection against frictional injury.

PMID- 6387673
TI  - Yesterday and today.

PMID- 6387674
TI  - Postinflammatory elastolysis and cutis laxa: report of a case with aortitis.
AB  - A 17-month-old black female manifested an acute febrile dermatosis followed by
      the development of cutis laxa and aortitis. The neutrophilic, acute inflammatory
      nature of the disease is emphasized. Pathologically, both the skin and the aorta
      were affected by a lesional process that shared common morphologic attributes and
      resulted in extensive elastolysis. However, the disease appears to differ from
      other entities characterized by generalized degradation of elastic fibers.

PMID- 6387675
TI  - Rapid tissue diagnosis of herpes simplex infections in the newborn.
AB  - The presence of intranuclear inclusions in tissues is considered to be consistent
      with viral infections. Further identification is done by viral cultures. In this
      study, the direct immunofluorescence technique was utilized to identify herpes
      simplex virus in the tissues. Positive fluorescence was seen in 8 of 12
      specimens. In all these specimens, diagnosis was further confirmed by electron
      microscopy, viral cultures, or both. Thus, the technique is a specific, sensitive
      method of diagnosis for herpes simplex infections. Rapidity and simplicity of the
      technique warrant regular use.

PMID- 6387676
TI  - Preliminary report: immunoperoxidase-linked human placental lactogen as a
      histopathologic index of perinatal morbidity and mortality.
AB  - Anatomic study of placental dysfunction may benefit from the applications of new
      routine techniques. Immunohistochemical staining for human placental lactogen
      (HPL) was used in 3 cases illustrating different perinatal disorders. The amount
      of HPL labeling ranged from high in an acute anoxic death due to abruptio
      placentae, through decreased in a case of maternal hypertension, to low in severe
      intrauterine growth retardation. Such information complements standard clinical
      and pathologic studies. Ten percent buffered Formalin was superior to Bouin's
      fixative and alcoholic Formalin for the demonstration of HPL. Even after 4 days
      of refrigeration at 4 degrees C, all of the syncytiotrophoblastic tissue was
      labeled in sections of paraffin-embedded, Formalin-fixed normal placentas.

PMID- 6387677
TI  - [Gastrointestinal hormones and related neuropeptides. II. The secretin group:
      secretin].

PMID- 6387678
TI  - [Gastrointestinal hormones and related neuropeptides. III. The secretin group:
      vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)].

PMID- 6387679
TI  - [Effect of various factors on catecholamine levels in the body].

PMID- 6387680
TI  - [Thrombocytopoiesis and blood platelet function].

PMID- 6387681
TI  - [An experimental model of inflammation].

PMID- 6387682
TI  - [Clinical pharmacology of co-trimoxazole (biseptol)].

PMID- 6387683
TI  - [Immunological studies on pancreatic alpha-amylase].

PMID- 6387684
TI  - [Structure and metabolism of blood platelets and their membranes].

PMID- 6387685
TI  - [Can chromosome Ph1 be regarded as the marker of the neoplastic multivalent
      lympho-hematopoietic stem cell?].

PMID- 6387686
TI  - [Laboratory studies in elderly persons].

PMID- 6387687
TI  - [Heparin].

PMID- 6387688
TI  - Organ culture of gastrointestinal mucosa--a technique for the study of the human
      gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 6387689
TI  - The effect of cimetidine on the maintenance of healing of gastric ulceration.
AB  - The rate of endoscopically confirmed gastric ulcer relapse was compared in two
      groups of patients with newly healed benign gastric ulcers, receiving either
      cimetidine 400 mg nocte or matching placebo, over a period of 1 year. Six of 24
      (25%) patients on cimetidine and 16 of 27 (59%) patients on placebo had
      endoscopically confirmed relapse. These included two patients in each group with
      asymptomatic relapses. The difference in the rate of relapse between the two
      groups was statistically significant (P = 0.01).

PMID- 6387690
TI  - The CREST syndrome--successful reduction of pulmonary hypertension by captopril.
AB  - A patient with severe pulmonary hypertension due to pulmonary arteriolar
      obliteration complicating a long standing CREST variant of systemic sclerosis
      showed improvement in cardiac output and exercise tolerance during treatment with
      captopril, which was discontinued because of persistent systemic hypotension. It
      is suggested that captopril would have a useful and possible prophylactic effect
      early in pulmonary hypertension in systemic sclerosis.

PMID- 6387691
TI  - Mycoplasma gallisepticum isolation in layers.
AB  - Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) isolations in live chickens have been made from
      swabs obtained primarily from the trachea or nasal exudates. As tracheal swabs
      are often contaminated with feed and because tracheal swabbing may be stressful
      to the bird, this study was conducted to determine if swabs from the choanal
      cleft (palatine fissure) would yield MG isolation rates comparable to MG
      isolation rates of swabs taken from the trachea. Commercial Leghorns from 17 to
      22 weeks of age were inoculated via eyedrop with the F strain of MG. Swabs were
      made from the trachea or the choanal cleft region (palatine fissure) when the
      chickens were 58 to 63 weeks of age; MG was isolated from 15 of 101 tracheal swab
      samples and from 51 of 108 choanal cleft swab samples. This study indicates that
      swabs taken from the choanal cleft region yield higher isolation rates and are
      more easily obtained than tracheal swabs.

PMID- 6387692
TI  - Adipose tissue metabolism and its control in birds.
AB  - At any age, with increases in body weight, the elevation in total lipid or
      abdominal fat is more than proportional to body weight. This observation explains
      why selection of broilers for rapid growth rate leads to excessive fat
      accumulation. Although adipocyte hyperplasia continues until 12 or 14 weeks of
      age, hypertrophia becomes increasingly important with age and the degree of
      fattening. The number of adipocytes appears to be correlated with body size, and
      the size of the adipocyte is closely related to the fat content of the live bird.
      The hormonal control of lipolysis involves a number of hormones and appears to be
      very complex. The increase in fat in adipose tissue is mainly due to hepatic
      lipogenesis. This review discusses the relative role of hormones in fat
      metabolism, some pecularities of insulin activity in birds, and the important
      functions of plasma lipoprotein and adipose lipoprotein lipase. A comparison of a
      fat line of chickens and mammalian models of obesity is also made.

PMID- 6387693
TI  - Hormones and growth in poultry.
AB  - The hormonal control of growth in poultry and other species is complex. The
      available evidence supports the concept that growth hormone and the thyroid
      hormones are the principal hormones responsible for the attainment of normal
      growth in the domestic fowl. Other hormones, including somatomedins, epidermal
      growth hormone, sex steroids, and vitamin D metabolites, are also involved in the
      control of growth. Considerable study will be required for the elucidation of the
      exact roles of the various hormones in avian growth.

PMID- 6387694
TI  - Calcium metabolism and its control--a review.
AB  - It is now established that avians can only utilize the cholecalciferol form of
      vitamin D, which must be converted to the hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25
      (OH)2D3] to perform normal calcium metabolism. Although 1,25(OH)2D3 is the final
      active form of vitamin D, hens fed only this form of vitamin D do not have normal
      hatchability of eggs. The problem appears to be caused by abnormal calcification
      and development of the embryonic beak. This appears to be caused by inadequate
      transport of 1,25(OH)2D3 into the egg. Although 1,25(OH)2D3 is not incorporated
      into the egg adequately, its precursor, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH-D3), is. The
      developing embryo however, can utilize 1,25(OH)2D and does so at least as early
      as Day 10 of incubation. During periods of maximal shell calcification and high
      circulating estradiol levels, the hen produces high levels of 1,25(OH)2D3. The
      kidney hydroxylase responsible for the final hydroxylation of the vitamin D
      hormone can be further stimulated by in vivo or in vitro administration of
      estradiol and, to a lesser extent, prolactin and parathyroid hormone. When eggs
      are not produced, as in the senescent or prepubertal stages of life, plasma
      1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations are less than half that occurring during periods of
      active lay. Hens selected for their ability to produce thin or thick shells have
      1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations in plasma that are positively correlated to their
      ability to produce egg shell.

PMID- 6387695
TI  - In memoriam Ruth B. Freeman, professor of public health administration.

PMID- 6387696
TI  - Historical perspective. Meeting the new situations. By Sophie C. Nelson. 1934.

PMID- 6387697
TI  - Historical perspective. How the nurse can contribute to the service the public
      expects. By Annie Warburton Goodrich. 1930.

PMID- 6387698
TI  - Public communication as a strategy for inducing health-promoting behavioral
      change.

PMID- 6387699
TI  - [Changes in the activity of lysosomal enzymes of alveolar macrophages and
      neutrophils in various lung diseases].

PMID- 6387700
TI  - Photoaffinity labeling and characterization of the cloned purine-cytosine
      transport system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - 8-Azido[2-3H]adenine was used as a photoaffinity label for the purine-cytosine
      transport system. After irradiation in the presence of the photoaffinity label,
      the cells were converted into protoplasts, their plasma membranes were purified,
      and the membrane proteins were extracted and separated by NaDodSO4/PAGE. The
      radioactivity was specifically incorporated into a protein with a molecular
      weight of 120,000. Photoaffinity labeling of this protein could be blocked by
      irradiation in the presence of natural substrates for the transport system. The
      molecular weight as determined by NaDod-SO4/PAGE was found to be twice the value
      calculated from mRNA analysis of the cloned gene. Incubation of exponentially
      growing cells with tunicamycin, an antibiotic that inhibits glycosylation of
      proteins, resulted in a 40% decrease in the overall initial uptake rate, which
      correlates with the reduction of the labeled Mr 120,000 protein. Treatment of the
      extracted labeled plasma membrane proteins with glycosidic enzymes resulted in
      disappearance of the Mr 120,000 peak and the appearance of new peaks at Mr 60,000
      and Mr 73,000. These findings indicate that the purine-cytosine transport protein
      is a glycoprotein.

PMID- 6387701
TI  - Synthesis in Escherichia coli of human adenovirus type 12 transforming proteins
      encoded by early region 1A 13S mRNA and 12S mRNA.
AB  - Human adenovirus (Ad)-encoded early region 1A (E1A) tumor (T) antigens have been
      implicated in the positive regulation of viral early genes, the positive and
      negative regulation of some cellular genes, and cell immortalization and
      transformation. To further study the Ad E1A T antigens and to facilitate their
      purification, we have cloned cDNA copies of the Ad12 E1A 13S mRNA and 12S mRNA
      downstream of a hybrid Escherichia coli trp-lac (tac) promoter. Up to 8% of the
      protein synthesized in E. coli cells transformed by each of the two different
      Ad12 E1A cDNA constructs were immunoprecipitated as a Mr 47,000 protein by
      antibody to a synthetic peptide encoded in the Ad12 E1A DNA sequence. Both
      proteins produced in E. coli appear to be authentic and complete Ad12 E1A T
      antigens because they possess (i) the Ad12 E1A NH2-terminal amino acid sequence
      predicted from the DNA sequence; (ii) the Ad12 E1A COOH-terminal sequence, as
      shown by immunoprecipitation with anti-peptide antibody; and (iii) a molecular
      weight and an acidic isoelectric point similar to that of the E1A T antigens
      synthesized in Ad12-infected and transformed mammalian cells. The T antigens were
      purified to near homogeneity in yields of 100-200 micrograms per g wet weight of
      transformed E. coli cells.

PMID- 6387702
TI  - Human alcohol dehydrogenase: structural differences between the beta and gamma
      subunits suggest parallel duplications in isoenzyme evolution and predominant
      expression of separate gene descendants in livers of different mammals.
AB  - Human alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH; alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.1) occurs
      in multiple forms, which exhibit distinct electrophoretic mobilities and
      enzymatic properties. The homogeneous isoenzymes beta 1 beta 1 and gamma 1 gamma
      1 were isolated from livers of Caucasians with "typical" ADH phenotype by double
      ternary complex affinity chromatography and ion exchange chromatography. The
      differences between the beta 1 and gamma 1 subunits were determined by structural
      analysis of all tryptic peptides from the carboxymethylated proteins. The human
      beta 1 and gamma 1 chains differ at 21 of the 373 positions (5.6%). Ten tryptic
      peptides account for the differences. All residue substitutions are compatible
      with one-base mutations and result in largely unaltered properties, but five lead
      to charge differences. Sixteen substitutions are at positions corresponding to
      the catalytic domain of the well-known horse enzyme; five correspond to the
      coenzyme-binding domain. Substitutions adjacent to important regions may
      correlate with differences in coenzyme binding, substrate specificities, and
      active-site relationships. The residue replacements between the beta 1 and gamma
      1 subunits of human ADH are not identical to the known substitutions between
      ethanol-active (E) and steroid-active (S) subunits of horse ADH. Thus, the
      duplication leading to human beta 1 and gamma 1 subunits is separate and
      different from that leading to equine E and S subunits. Both duplications are
      likely to have occurred after the ancestral separation of human and equine ADH.
      Of the 21 residues that are different between beta 1/gamma 1, 13 in gamma 1 but
      only 6 in beta 1 are identical to those of the horse E chain. This suggests a
      closer relationship between gamma 1 and E, although beta 1 in man and E in the
      horse are the subunits recovered in highest yield from liver ADH preparations.
      Consequently, in these two mammalian species, relative activities of genes for an
      isoenzyme family appear to be different.

PMID- 6387703
TI  - Isolation of glucose-containing high-mannose glycoprotein core oligosaccharides.
AB  - The total cell wall mannoprotein has been isolated from a mutant of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae that fails to remove the glucose units of the dolichol-linked
      precursor after transfer of the oligosaccharide to asparagine units in the
      protein. The oligosaccharides released from this mannoprotein by
      endoglucosaminidase H digestion show 1H NMR signals assignable to three alpha
      linked glucose units as delta 5.52, 5.27, and 5.17, and a comparison with the
      chemical shifts of reference compounds shows that these signals are consistent
      with the structure alpha Glc----2 alpha Glc----3 alpha Man----2. This provides a
      direct confirmation for the structure previously assigned to the lipid-linked
      precursor. Analysis of the larger oligosaccharides confirms that the presence of
      the glucose units does not prevent elongation of the alpha 1----6-linked
      polymannose backbone or addition of alpha 1----3-linked mannose to the core.

PMID- 6387704
TI  - Evidence for translational regulation of the activator of general amino acid
      control in yeast.
AB  - The GCN4 gene encodes a positive regulator of unlinked amino acid biosynthetic
      genes in yeast. I present evidence that the GCN4 gene is itself regulated by
      amino acid availability and that the regulation occurs at the translational
      level. A GCN4-lacZ fusion was used as a measure of the expression of GCN4 gene
      product. Starvation for histidine leads to derepression of the fusion enzyme in
      the wild type but not in a gcn2- strain. The gcn2- mutation does not reduce
      fusion transcript levels relative to wild type, suggesting that the product of
      GCN2 functions as an activator of GCN4 translation. The GCN4 transcript has a 5'
      leader that is approximately equal to 600 nucleotides long and contains four
      small open reading frames. A deletion of the small open reading frames results in
      constitutive derepression of fusion enzyme levels as the result of an
      approximately equal to 10-fold increase in the efficiency of translation of the
      fusion transcript. The deletion suppresses the requirement for GCN2 function.
      These results suggest that the GCN4 5' leader acts in cis to repress GCN4
      translation and that GCN4 translation increases in response to amino acid
      starvation as the result of GCN2 antagonism of the repressing sequences in the
      GCN4 5' leader.

PMID- 6387705
TI  - Human genomic library screened with 17-base oligonucleotide probes yields a novel
      interferon gene.
AB  - A method is presented that has permitted a human genomic library to be screened
      for low-copy genes using 17-base synthetic oligonucleotides as probes. Parallel
      screening with two different 17-base probes permitted the unambiguous
      identification of clones containing interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) genes. The
      isolated human IFN-alpha genes were sequenced, and one appears to be IFN-alpha L;
      the other is one not previously described, which we have designated IFN-alpha WA.
      The IFN-alpha WA sequence differs from those of IFN-alpha genes A-L at
      approximately equal to 10% of the positions and is most similar to IFN-alpha C, 
      alpha F, and -alpha H. IFN-alpha WA has been found to encode amino acids that
      differ from those conserved at each of five positions in all previously reported
      IFN-alpha species. The IFN-alpha WA gene codes for an active interferon, which
      has been expressed in Escherichia coli using an M13-lacZ fusion as an expression
      vector. About 5 X 10(6) units of IFN-alpha WA were obtained per liter of
      bacterial culture. The described screening procedure using short probes should
      permit the isolation of genes for which sequence information is available from
      animal or plant genomic libraries.

PMID- 6387706
TI  - Plasmid P1 replication: negative control by repeated DNA sequences.
AB  - The incompatibility locus, incA, of the unit-copy plasmid P1 is contained within
      a fragment that is essentially a set of nine 19-base-pair repeats. One or more
      copies of the fragment destabilizes the plasmid when present in trans. Here we
      show that extra copies of incA interfere with plasmid DNA replication and that a
      deletion of most of incA increases plasmid copy number. Thus, incA is not
      essential for replication but is required for its control. When cloned in a high
      copy-number vector, pieces of the incA fragment that each contain only three
      repeats destabilize P1 plasmids efficiently. This result makes it unlikely that
      incA specifies a regulatory product. Our in vivo results suggest that the
      repeating DNA sequence itself negatively controls replication by titrating a P1
      determined protein, RepA, that is essential for replication. Consistent with this
      hypothesis is the observation that the RepA protein binds to the incA fragment in
      vitro.

PMID- 6387707
TI  - Single amino acid substitutions influencing the folding pathway of the phage P22
      tail spike endorhamnosidase.
AB  - Temperature-sensitive mutations in the gene for the thermostable tail spike of
      phage P22 interyFere with the folding and subunit association pathway at the
      restrictive temperature but not with the activity or stability of the protein
      once matured. The local sites of these mutations and the mutant amino acid
      substitutions have been determined by DNA sequencing. Of 11 temperature-sensitive
      folding mutations, 3 were replacements of glycine residues by polar residues, and
      three were replacements of threonine residues by residues unable to form a side
      chain H-bond. There were no proline replacements. Two of the temperature
      sensitive sites in which threonine residues were replaced by isoleucine residues
      were homologous. These sequences probably maintain the correct local folding
      pathway at higher temperatures. The temperature-sensitive amino acid
      substitutions appear to destabilize a thermolabile intermediate in the wild-type
      folding pathway or to increase the rate of a competing off-pathway reaction.

PMID- 6387709
TI  - Identification of the tyrosine protein kinase from LSTRA cells by use of site
      specific antibodies.
AB  - The lymphoma cell line LSTRA contains an elevated level of tyrosine protein
      kinase activity. It has been suggested that this elevated level of activity is
      due to the presence of a phosphoprotein with a molecular weight of 56,000 (pp56,
      formerly referred to as a 58,000-dalton protein). This paper describes the
      preparation of antibodies against pp56 through the use of a synthetic peptide
      that contains the sequence around the site of tyrosine phosphorylation in pp56,
      which is identical to the phosphorylation site in pp60src. These antipeptide
      antibodies specifically immunoprecipitated 32P-labeled pp56 from detergent
      extracts of LSTRA cells. In immunoblotting experiments, pp56 was the major
      antigen detected in the particulate fraction from LSTRA cells by the antipeptide
      antibodies. The antibodies were also used to show that the level of pp56 is
      greatly elevated in LSTRA cells. Incubation of the detergent extract of the
      particulate fraction from LSTRA cells with the antipeptide antibodies resulted in
      inhibition of most of the LSTRA cell tyrosine protein kinase activity. These
      results indicate that pp56 is the tyrosine protein kinase whose activity is
      elevated in LSTRA cells. This enzyme may be a member of the large family of
      protein kinases involved in the regulation of cell growth.

PMID- 6387708
TI  - Calcium-binding proteins in human carcinoma cell lines.
AB  - Elevated levels of Ca2+-binding proteins are reported in transformed cells and
      thought to be involved in their uncontrolled proliferation and often increased
      motility. Therefore, three cell lines [LICR(Lond)-HN 1, -HN 2, and -HN 6] derived
      from human carcinomas displaying various degrees of locomotive activity were
      investigated for the presence of parvalbumin and related Ca2+-binding proteins.
      By applying different immunohistochemical methods in conjunction with a
      monospecific anti-parvalbumin antiserum, an intense staining was seen in cells
      displaying translocative motility. Often in these cells, an association with
      filamentous structures located in the nuclear region was observed. Unique Ca2+
      binding proteins, absent from comparable normal tissue, were found in the
      malignant cell lines when analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography. From these tumor
      cells a protein (Mr, 12,000; pI, 4.8) was isolated that crossreacted with
      antiparvalbumin antiserum. Peptide maps of this protein revealed a further
      structural homology to parvalbumin (Mr, 12,000; pI, 4.9). In analogy to muscle,
      where there is evidence for a regulatory role of parvalbumin in the contraction
      relaxation cycle, we speculate that this protein is tumor-associated and
      connected to the motile behavior of carcinoma cells.

PMID- 6387710
TI  - (Pro)insulin associates with Golgi membranes of pancreatic B cells.
AB  - The immunocytochemical demonstration of (pro)insulin on intracellular membrane
      compartments of the pancreatic B cell reveals that the immunolabeling detected by
      the protein A/gold method is associated, at the level of the Golgi apparatus,
      with the inner aspect of the cisternal membranes; on the secretory granules, by
      contrast, insulin immunoreactive sites predominate over the granule core, and
      very little immunoreactivity is associated with the granule membrane. The
      localization of (pro)insulin immunoreactivity on Golgi membranes is compatible
      with the presence, at this level, of specific binding sites for (pro)insulin,
      which could be related to the proteolytic processing or sorting out (or both) of
      these peptides on their way from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the storage
      secretory granules.

PMID- 6387711
TI  - The translational mobility of substances within the cytoplasmic matrix.
AB  - The translational mobility of fluorescent-labeled molecules injected into the
      cytoplasm of living cells can be measured by the fluorescence recovery after
      photobleaching (FRAP) technique. In the fibroblast cytoplasm, the diffusion
      coefficients, D, of test macromolecules ranging in molecular weight from 12,000
      to 440,000 are about 10(-8) cm2/sec and exhibit almost no dependence on molecular
      weight. FRAP experiments also showed that macromolecular diffusion within
      Sepharose beads having an effective pore size smaller than the "microtrabecular
      lattice" is only slightly retarded compared to buffer values--in contrast to the
      marked retardation measured in the cytoplasm. This leads to the conclusion that
      diffusion in the cytomatrix is dominated not by steric effects but rather by
      binding of the diffusing species to elements of the cytomatrix. These diffusion
      rates were difficult to modulate; cytochalasin, colchicine (except at 5 degrees
      C), and taxol treatments had little effect. The diffusion rates were not
      dependent on cellular energy metabolism. However, hypotonic treatment increased
      the D for bovine serum albumin by nearly 2-fold, whereas hypertonic treatment
      halved D. Withdrawing the free water from the cell by using 44% polyethylene
      glycol treatment stopped the translational mobility of the test molecules. A
      survey of the recent literature is presented, which shows that major differences
      in the cytomatrix of different cell types exist with respect to the translational
      diffusion of injected probes. Finally, the spectrum of cytoplasmic translational
      mobilities ranging from small molecules to organelles is discussed.

PMID- 6387712
TI  - Differentiation of human erythroid cells is associated with increased O
      glycosylation of the major sialoglycoprotein, glycophorin A.
AB  - Glycophorin A, the major human erythrocyte sialoglycoprotein, is found
      exclusively on cells of the erythroid lineage. The amino acid sequence is known,
      and glycophorin A isolated from mature erythrocytes contains a single N
      glycosidic and 15 O-glycosidic oligosaccharides. Monoclonal antibodies against
      erythrocyte glycophorin A reacted weakly with erythroid precursors while a
      monospecific rabbit antiserum reacted strongly with immature and mature red
      cells. Glycophorin A was isolated from cells representing various stages of
      erythropoiesis in normal bone marrow, from blood cells of neonates with
      erythroblastosis fetalis, and from the erythroleukemic cell lines K562 and HEL
      before and after induced differentiation. Analysis of the oligosaccharides showed
      less O-glycosylation of glycophorin A in erythroid precursors. The degree of
      glycosylation increased concomitantly with differentiation.

PMID- 6387713
TI  - A gene regulating the heat shock response in Escherichia coli also affects
      proteolysis.
AB  - The htpR locus in Escherichia coli encodes a regulator of the heat shock
      response. Cells containing the htpR165 mutation are defective in the induction of
      synthesis of heat-shock proteins at high temperature. We show that these cells
      are also defective in degrading two proteins that are normally unstable in htpR+
      cells. The proteolytic defect is manifest at both 30 degrees C and 42 degrees C.
      We used a marker rescue technique to map this defect to the htpR locus. Although
      both proteolytic substrates are partially stabilized in lon- strains, we argue
      that the defect in proteolysis exhibited by the htpR165 strain does not mimic the
      lon- state. The htpR165 strain synthesizes Lon at the normal rate at 30 degrees C
      and does not show the phenotypes of mucoidy and radiation sensitivity associated
      with lon- strains.

PMID- 6387715
TI  - Teaching toxicology: use of computerized case histories.

PMID- 6387714
TI  - Heat shock regulatory gene (htpR) of Escherichia coli is required for growth at
      high temperature but is dispensable at low temperature.
AB  - Nonsense mutations affecting the positive regulatory gene (htpR) of heat shock
      response have been obtained in a strain of Escherichia coli carrying no
      suppressor. The mutants can grow only at temperatures below 34 degrees C-35
      degrees C. Heat, ethanol, and coumermycin induce major heat shock proteins in the
      wild-type but not in the htpR mutants. In contrast, the level of heat shock
      proteins synthesized at low temperature is unaffected. The htpR gene product is
      thus required for induction of heat shock proteins by heat or other stresses but
      not for their "basal-level" synthesis. Nucleotide sequence has been determined
      for the wild-type and the mutant alleles of htpR. The coding region appears to
      consist of 852 nucleotide pairs that correspond to 284 amino acids. Sequences
      commonly considered as signals for transcriptional initiation and termination
      were found flanking the coding region. Within this region, six amber, one opal,
      and two missense mutations were identified; the nonsense mutations are scattered
      along the gene, some being very close to the presumed amino terminus. These
      results indicate that the absence of htpR gene product is directly responsible
      for the failure to respond to heat shock or other stresses and for the inability
      to grow at high temperature. We propose that htpR represents a new class of genes
      that are essential for growth only at high temperatures (greater than 35 degrees
      C). Implications of the sequence homologies found among htpR, rpoD, and nusA
      proteins are discussed.

PMID- 6387716
TI  - Fluorescent sterols: probe molecules of membrane structure and function.

PMID- 6387717
TI  - Diflunisal compared with naproxen in the treatment of dysmenorrhea.
AB  - A randomized double-blind cross-over study was carried out in 19 young female
      undergraduates with severe primary dysmenorrhea to compare the efficacy and
      tolerance of treatment with diflunisal and naproxen. All patients received both
      substances twice during four consecutive cycles. The first tablet was taken at
      the onset of dysmenorrheic symptoms and continued according to the individual
      need, maximally four tablets daily. The overall relieving effect was good or
      moderate in 73.7% of the diflunisal cycles and in 92.1% of the naproxen cycles.
      The difference was not statistically significant. One third of the women
      estimated decreased menstrual blood loss during treatment with both the drugs.
      Side effects were mild and did not cause discontinuation of the therapy.
      Diflunisal seems to be as equally effective in the treatment of primary
      dysmenorrhea as naproxen, which is a well-documented and widely used
      prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor.

PMID- 6387718
TI  - Defective desaturation and elongation of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in hypertensive
      patients.
AB  - Hypertensive patients had higher levels of linoleic acid (LA) in serum lipids
      than normal controls. Administration of large doses of LA failed to raise the
      percentage of its metabolite arachidonic acid (AA) in serum lipids. Similarly,
      intake of large amounts of alpha-linolenic acid (alpha-LNA) failed to increase
      the amount of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The percentage of EPA in serum lipids
      could readily be increased by direct administration of comparably low doses in a
      mackerel diet. Hypertensive subjects seem to desaturate and elongate LA and alpha
      LNA only very slowly.

PMID- 6387719
TI  - PGE2, 6-O-PGF1 alpha and sodium balance in essential hypertensive patients.
AB  - Insufficient production of PGE2 has been thought to be a pathogenic factor in
      hypertensive patients on salt loading. However, the inter-relationship between
      PGE2 and sodium is still uncertain. Essential hypertensive patients participated
      in a salt balance study for two consecutive 5-day periods of restriction and
      repletion. Urinary PGE2 increased on the second or the third day of salt balance,
      but subsequently declined and remained stable. On the fifth day, PGE2 excretion
      on salt loading was lower than on salt deprivation. Changes in urinary PGE2
      during salt loading paralleled those in urinary sodium excretion. Urinary 6-O
      PGF1 alpha did not show any significant change. On salt deprivation PGE2
      excretion was correlated with plasma renin activity (PRA). These results suggest
      the possibility that PGE2 is involved in sodium excretion on salt loading and
      that on salt depletion PGE2 excretion increases in association with activation of
      the renin-angiotensin axis.

PMID- 6387720
TI  - Calcium-induced pulmonary vasodilation: modification by meclofenamate and
      ouabain.
AB  - Based on work with isolated arteries, we hypothesized that elevation of the
      extracellular calcium concentration would cause pulmonary vasodilation by
      stimulation of the Na+K+ATPase. If so, ouabain should inhibit the "membrane
      stabilizing" effect of a high calcium concentration. Addition of CaCl2 to the
      perfusate of rat isolated lungs to give a final concentration of 10(-2)M caused
      vasodilation when the lungs were vasoconstricted by KCl, angiotensin II or
      hypoxia. Ouabain addition to the perfusate increased pulmonary artery perfusion
      pressure and the magnitude of angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction delayed
      vasodilation and transformed the CaCl2-induced vasodilation into rapid
      vasoconstriction accompanied by edema formation. Meclofenamate reduced the
      calcium-induced vasodilation suggesting that part of the high calcium
      vasodilation may be due to the action of a vasodilator prostaglandin. The
      vasodilation due to prostacyclin was blocked in lungs treated with ouabain. The
      results taken together suggest that high calcium vasodilation operates by
      mechanisms which may be prostaglandin-dependent and prostaglandin-independent,
      both of which can be blocked by ouabain.

PMID- 6387721
TI  - Glucocorticoids do not decrease thromboxane and prostacyclin levels in human
      blood.

PMID- 6387722
TI  - The cytotoxic action in vitro of catalytically sulphurated unsaturated fatty
      acids on Ehrlich's ascites cancer and normal peritoneal exudate (leucocytes).
AB  - Diethanolamine salts of the catalytically sulphurated oleic acid (X-303/1) and of
      the catalytically sulphurated fatty acids isolated from linseed oil (X-303/2)
      were found to exhibit a strong cytotoxic in vitro activity against Ehrlich
      ascites cancer cells with minimal cytotoxic effect on normal cells (leukocytes)
      of the peritoneal exudate in rabbits.

PMID- 6387723
TI  - Methods in testing interrelationships between excretion of drugs via urine and
      bile.
AB  - The liver and kidney are largely responsible for inactivating and eliminating
      drugs and other chemicals. As the excretory capabilities of the two organs
      overlap, a damage of one system might be compensated by the other. Because of the
      specificity of both renal and hepatic elimination mechanisms such an alternative
      excretion route is not possible generally. Several interferences are possible to
      characterize the relation between hepatic and renal excretion of drugs and
      xenobiotics. Firstly, the simultaneous assay of excreted drug amounts in urine
      and bile can give some information concerning the main transport routes of this
      drug. Thereafter the total interruption of liver or kidney function elucidates
      the general possibility of alternative excretion routes. But it is important for
      clinical practice to distinguish between different localizations of organ
      damages. Today some experimental possibilities exist to exclude partial functions
      of both kidney and liver separately. Thus it can be clarified why a compound
      might be excreted via liver or kidney. Moreover it can be characterized whether
      or not a compensation for the loss of one main excretion organ is possible or
      not. Such investigations are of some practical importance. Dosing guidelines for
      drug therapy must be completed for cases of renal or hepatic failure. Moreover
      the developmental pattern of both elimination routes has consequences for drug
      use in paediatrics as well as geriatrics. Beside this point of view such
      investigations are necessary for the prediction of changes in the toxicity of
      drugs after renal or hepatic insufficiency.

PMID- 6387724
TI  - The action of neurotransmitters and related substances on early embryogenesis.

PMID- 6387725
TI  - Biological effects of folic acid antagonists with antineoplastic activity.

PMID- 6387726
TI  - [Phlebology consulting services open to physicians].

PMID- 6387727
TI  - [A tribute to Jan van Limborgh (1900-1984)].

PMID- 6387728
TI  - [Leg ulcers of venous origin and their development around the year 1955].
AB  - "Eventual sclerosis of varicose veins, elastic support, methodical ambulation":
      the teachings of R. Tournay remains the golden rule for healing leg ulcers of
      venous origin. Their frequent relapse has been perceptibly reduced by the
      therapeutic developments of the "Sixties", and notably the phlebosurgical routine
      collaboration in many cases of varicose ulcers Conference on Stripping, Paris,
      1960); and the use of stockings calculated scientifically to benefit healed
      phlebitic ulcers (Van der Molen, Passien).

PMID- 6387729
TI  - Hepatic bile flow.
AB  - The hepatocyte is a polar cell that can remove a variety of molecules from blood
      and excrete them into bile. This review is primarily concerned with the mechanism
      of transport of the principal anions--the bile salts--across the sinusoidal
      membrane, their passage through the cell, and excretion across the canalicular
      membrane. Clearly much of this process is poorly understood, but the study of the
      membrane stages should be facilitated by the ability to prepare purified
      sinusoidal and canalicular membrane vesicles. For example, the relative
      importance of albumin-binding sites as well as the putative bile salt receptor
      proteins can be better assessed. It seems likely that although the interaction of
      bile salts with receptor proteins is important, it is an initial event that puts
      the bile salt in the correct place for uptake to occur. The driving force for
      uptake is the Na+ gradient created across the basolateral membrane by the
      activity of the Na+-K+-ATPase. Within the cell, various modes of transport have
      been suggested. Several authors emphasize the importance of protein binding of
      bile salts, either because of their presumed ability to maintain the
      concentration of these anions in the hepatocyte below their critical micellar
      concentration or because of their putative role in transport. It is important to
      understand these aspects of the role of cytosolic proteins for several reasons.
      Knowledge of the true concentration of free bile salt within the cell should
      allow estimation of whether the electrochemical gradient is sufficient for bile
      salts to accumulate in bile without the need for active transport of molecules
      from the cell into the canaliculus. The compartmental model described by Strange
      et al. (153) offers one theoretical way of determining the concentration of free
      bile salt, although the problems inherent in studying amphipath binding to the
      membranes of subcellular organelles (31) require that the model be reevaluated by
      the hygroscopic-desorption method. The second role suggested for the cytosolic
      bile salt-binding proteins is as transport proteins. As discussed in section VI,
      I think it is unlikely that the proteins identified so far act in this way, and
      it is more likely that movement occurs by diffusion in free solution. It is also
      important to determine the possible involvement of subcellular organelles such as
      Golgi bodies. Little is known of their role in the transport of bile salts or
      indeed where bile salt micelles are formed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6387730
TI  - Insulin receptors: binding kinetics and structure-function relationship of
      insulin.
AB  - During the last decade, earlier suggestions that insulin acts at the plasma
      membrane level via combination with receptors have been amply confirmed in
      studies of 125I-labeled insulin binding kinetics. Efforts have been devoted to
      the development of homogeneous, stable, and bioactive tracers, and a preparation
      of monoiodo[TyrA14]insulin showed 100-125% biological activity. The initially
      simple model of reversible, bimolecular, and noncooperative interaction between
      receptor and insulin has been revised to include the existence of at least three
      affinity states that may be linked to modulation of the biological response
      induced by the insulin-receptor complex. Thus negative cooperativity seems
      important in reducing oscillations of insulin action with variations in plasma
      insulin concentration, and formation of a high-affinity state or positive
      cooperativity may lead to desensitization of receptors. The kinetic phenomena
      suggest that receptor-binding affinity and function are actively regulated by
      insulin itself. At present the receptor model is purely functional and does not
      imply molecular mechanisms. However, recent advances in the analysis of receptor
      structure and biochemistry promise that the molecular equivalents of the kinetic
      phenomena may be elucidated in the near future. Furthermore the reaction between
      receptor and insulin is irreversible because of degradation of receptor-bound
      insulin, which may result in termination of the metabolic activation.
      Morphological and biochemical work suggests that internalization of the receptor
      insulin complex from the plasma membrane transfers insulin to intracellular
      organelles like the lysosomes, the Golgi apparatus, or nucleus, where degradation
      by insulin protease takes place, whereas the receptor is recycled back to the
      membrane. Recent advances in the studies of biosynthesis and cellular dynamics of
      receptors indicate that intracellular processing and redistribution of binding
      sites may play a role in the mechanism of insulin action. Insulin receptors are
      widely distributed in all cell types, but evidence has accumulated that receptors
      show tissue and species variations in their functional properties regarding
      binding affinity, insulin specificity, cooperativity, and insulin degradation and
      in structural properties such as antigenic determinants and glycosidic
      composition. Perhaps these differences reflect cellular adaptations and
      variations in the physiological role of insulin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6387731
TI  - The desensitization effect of progesterone on female rat sexual behavior is not
      due to interference with estrogen priming.
AB  - In order to determine if progesterone interferes with estradiol's priming action
      on progesterone-facilitated sexual behavior, we tested the responsiveness of
      progesterone-desensitized female rats to the serotonin receptor antagonist,
      methysergide, and the neuropeptide, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.
      Threshold doses of both compounds were established. Progesterone treatment, which
      caused a decrease in the lordosis rating in response to a moderate dose of
      progesterone did not inhibit responsiveness to threshold doses of methysergide or
      luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. The results of this study support the
      notion that progesterone does not interfere with estradiol's priming action on
      progesterone-facilitated sexual receptivity. Furthermore, they suggest that
      progesterone's desensitization effect is specific to progesterone-facilitated
      lordosis.

PMID- 6387733
TI  - Factors affecting the isolation of CCC DNA from Streptomyces lividans and
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Based on the results of a systematic study of factors affecting plasmid yield and
      purity, a procedure suitable for the rapid screening for and isolation of
      covalently closed circular DNA from Streptomyces lividans and Escherichia coli
      was developed. The method consists of lysis of lysozyme-treated bacteria combined
      with alkaline denaturation of DNA at high temperature. Renaturation of CCC DNA
      and precipitation of single-stranded DNA together with protein is achieved by the
      addition of a minimal amount of phenol/chloroform. The screening procedure uses
      only a single tube and the samples can be analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis
      about 30 min after lysis. Removal of phenol and further purification of the
      plasmid preparation is achieved by consecutive precipitations with isopropanol
      and spermine, followed by extraction with ethanol, producing samples suitable for
      restriction endonuclease digestion, ligation, and transformation of S. lividans
      protoplasts or competent E. coli cells in about 2 h. All steps of the procedure
      are explained in detail with information about the effects of changing
      parameters. This should help the experimenter to obtain reproducible results and
      may be useful if the method has to be adapted to new strains or plasmids.

PMID- 6387732
TI  - Relationship between plasma corticosterone and insulin levels in rats with
      ventromedial hypothalamic lesions.
AB  - The effects of ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesions on plasma corticosterone,
      insulin, and glucose levels were studied in food-restricted and ad lib fed female
      rats. VMH lesions resulted in significant elevations of corticosterone and
      insulin levels compared to control values during the first 25 days after surgery.
      However, unlike insulin values which were generally greater in VMH rats fed ad
      lib than in food-restricted animals, plasma corticosterone levels were unaffected
      by level of food intake. Corticosterone and insulin levels were unrelated
      preoperatively and in sham-operated animals, but were positively correlated (r =
      .82) by Day 25 in ad lib fed VMH rats. It is concluded that the elevation in
      plasma glucocorticoids observed in VMH rats is a primary effect of the lesion
      that is independent of food intake or initial weight gain.

PMID- 6387734
TI  - A mutational hot spot in the incompatibility gene incC of mini-F plasmid.
AB  - The incC incompatibility locus of the mini-F plasmid is also a replication
      control locus. We have selected and sequenced six independent incC mutations.
      Each mutation causes a partial loss of incompatibility. All mutations are GC---
      AT transitions. Five of six mutations occur in the same base pair located at
      coordinate 46.070 kb; the sixth mutation occurs in an adjacent base pair at
      46.069 kb. Both mutational sites are in a hexanucleotide sequence common to
      several origins of replication.

PMID- 6387735
TI  - Burned-out endemic syphilis (Bejel): facial deformities and defects in Saudi
      Arabia.
AB  - Endemic syphilis (bejel) is an endemic, contagious, non-sexually transmitted
      treponematosis of primitive communities which, if not treated, can cause
      deformities and defects of the face in its late stage. Several burned-out cases
      from Saudi Arabia are shown, and the techniques of plastic surgical repair are
      presented by word and illustrations. We describe in detail a total rhinoplasty
      (with panfacial reconstruction) in which a scalping flap was used as outer cover
      and superimposed on a classical island forehead flap based on a subcutaneous
      pedicle containing both frontal vessels for inner lining.

PMID- 6387736
TI  - Blood supply of the upper craniofacial skeleton: the search for composite
      calvarial bone flaps.
AB  - This study investigated the blood supply of the upper craniofacial skeleton by
      injection studies. The major supply to the calvaria is provided by the middle
      meningeal artery and its branches. This vessel is difficult for the plastic
      surgeon to exploit in composite bone-flap design. The majority of the outer
      surface of the craniofacial skeleton is supplied by tiny perforators from the
      overlying periosteum. The vascular interconnections within the periosteum are
      poorly developed. For this reason, the galea and the overlying vascular network
      (derived from the superficial temporal, occipital, supraorbital, and
      supratrochlear vessels) should be left broadly attached to the bone when
      transferring a vascularized calvarial bone flap. Dissection of the scalp away
      from this vascular network should be carried out just below the hair follicles.
      By observing these principles, vascularized calvarial bone can be transferred on
      the superficial temporal, deep temporal, supraorbital, supratrochlear, or
      occipital vessels. Details of the use of each are discussed.

PMID- 6387737
TI  - The use of a temporal osteoperiosteal flap for the reconstruction of malar
      hypoplasia in Treacher Collins syndrome.
AB  - The clinical use of a temporal periosteal bone flap for the reconstruction of a
      malar bone in a patient with the Treacher Collins syndrome is presented. The
      temporal muscle functions as an axial carrier of the periosteum that induces
      osteogenesis in young children, whereas the bone segments may serve as a nucleus
      for further bone formation from the periosteum. Correction of the eyelid coloboma
      was obtained by the rotation and advancement of a temporopalpebral flap.

PMID- 6387738
TI  - A review of free muscle grafting.
AB  - Free grafting of small muscles is followed by graft necrosis and subsequent
      reconstitution of graft architecture by the process of muscle regeneration. Large
      muscles turn instead to scar. Revascularization and reinnervation can occur from
      the adjacent muscle bed, but reinnervation is more effective when a nerve is
      implanted or neurorrhaphy is performed. The appearance of a variable amount of
      connective tissue in a grafted muscle may degrade function. The necessity of
      "predenervation" remains in question. As we obtain greater experience in the
      laboratory and in clinical utilization, it is hoped that free muscle grafting
      will become a more predictable reconstructive procedure.

PMID- 6387739
TI  - Transcutaneous oxygen and flaps.

PMID- 6387740
TI  - Vesalius.

PMID- 6387741
TI  - Quantifying skin-flap survival.

PMID- 6387742
TI  - [Concerning the work of N. Galifret-Granjon].

PMID- 6387743
TI  - [The work of Anna Freud (1895-1982)].

PMID- 6387744
TI  - [Problematic filiation, family novel and secret (apropos of Louis Aragon)].

PMID- 6387745
TI  - Psychological and behavioral features of disturbed dreamers.

PMID- 6387746
TI  - [Narcissism and the drives].

PMID- 6387747
TI  - Is institutional transference an over-used concept in the treatment of chronic
      psychiatric patients?

PMID- 6387748
TI  - Geriatric depression in the West and the Far East.

PMID- 6387749
TI  - Clinical study of acute schizophrenia: onset, symptomatology, evolution and
      outcome.

PMID- 6387750
TI  - A home burns: stress in a family.

PMID- 6387751
TI  - Psychophysiological effects of therapist's active presence during biofeedback as
      a simple psychotherapeutic situation.

PMID- 6387753
TI  - Perspectives on 25 years of Canadian psychiatric research.

PMID- 6387752
TI  - Unemployed youth: developmental and psychotherapeutic considerations.

PMID- 6387754
TI  - The effectiveness of attached social workers in the management of depressed
      female patients in general practice.
AB  - There is a pressing need to evaluate the different forms of treatment for
      depressive illness encountered in general practice. This study consists of a
      controlled, randomized, clinical trial designed to investigate the effectiveness
      of social work intervention with depressed women. Eighty women aged between 18
      and 45 were included and assessed initially by means of a psychiatric and social
      interview. Those ascertained to be suffering from 'acute' or 'acute on chronic'
      depression were randomly allocated to an experimental group who were referred to
      a social worker attached to a general practice or to a control group for routine
      treatment by their doctor. They were re-assessed 6 months later. Over 60% of both
      groups were clinically improved at follow-up, with no statistically significant
      differences between the two groups in clinical, social or medical outcome.
      Further analyses suggested, however, that those women initially assessed as
      suffering from 'acute on chronic' depression with major marital difficulties were
      found to benefit from social work treatment. These patients could be
      distinguished from the others by their high degree of motivation, by the initial
      severity of their problems and by the amount of practical help provided by the
      social workers.

PMID- 6387755
TI  - Sin and mental illness in the Middle Ages.
AB  - The modern stereotype that in the Middle Ages there was a general belief that
      mental illness was caused by sin is reviewed. The authors examined 57
      descriptions of mental illness (madness, possession, alcoholism, epilepsy, and
      combinations thereof) from pre-Crusade chronicles and saints' lives. In only 9
      (16%) of these descriptions did the sources attribute the mental illness to sin
      or wrongdoing, and in these cases the medieval authors appeared to use this
      attribution for its propaganda value against an enemy of their patron saints,
      their monastery lands, or their religious values. The medieval sources indicate
      that the authors were well aware of the proximate causes of mental illness, such
      as humoral imbalance, intemperate diet and alcohol intake, overwork, and grief.
      The banality that, since God causes all things he also causes mental illness, was
      only used by medieval authors under special circumstances and in a minority of
      cases. It does not constitute evidence of superstitious and primitive notions
      about mental illness in the early Middle Ages.

PMID- 6387756
TI  - Gastric emptying, glucose tolerance and associated hormonal changes in heroin
      addiction.
AB  - The gastric emptying rate of 8 heroin-dependent males was measured by means of a
      radioactive isotope method. A simultaneous oral glucose tolerance test was
      carried out. The glucose response showed a low, flat curve with a delayed peak,
      and increased secretion of insulin and growth hormone occurred. As the gastric
      emptying rate proved to be normal the observed metabolic abnormalities are not
      due to the effect of heroin on the gastro-intestinal tract, but must be
      attributed to some other effect of chronic heroin administration.

PMID- 6387758
TI  - Psychiatry in the 1880s.

PMID- 6387757
TI  - Variable clinical response to choline in tardive dyskinesia.
AB  - Tardive dyskinesia is widely believed to be a state of relative hyperdopaminergic
      and hypocholinergic imbalance in the striatum of patients chronically treated
      with neuroleptics. However, not all patients with tardive dyskinesia respond to
      cholinergic drugs, which theoretically should restore the balance and improve the
      symptoms. We report a controlled, double-blind, crossover study of choline
      chloride in 11 patients with persistent tardive dyskinesia. Seven patients showed
      partial or minimal improvement, while two did not change and two deteriorated.
      The results are discussed in the light of other similar findings in the
      literature, and the implications for pharmacological subtypes of tardive
      dyskinesia using cholinergic probes are explored.

PMID- 6387759
TI  - Home relaxation techniques for essential hypertension.
AB  - A 10-week relaxation treatment focused on home practice and self-monitoring of
      blood pressure for the purpose of lowering blood pressure in patients with
      essential hypertension. Comparisons were made among relaxation (n = 13),
      relaxation in combination with electromyographic biofeedback (n = 14), and a
      control condition in which patients simply monitored their blood pressure (n =
      14). These three groups of patients, all of which received antihypertensive
      medication, were compared with a fourth group that practiced relaxation without
      drug therapy (n = 17). Relaxation and relaxation/biofeedback were equally
      effective in reducing blood pressure recorded at home in the morning and evening
      and produced greater decreases than in the control group. Relaxation without
      drugs, although somewhat more effective than self-monitoring, did not reduce
      blood pressure as much as the two conditions in which medication was combined
      with relaxation. Although reductions over the course of treatment were noted in
      blood pressure recorded in the laboratory, the four treatment conditions did not
      differ significantly from one another.

PMID- 6387760
TI  - A double-blind comparison of lofepramine and clomipramine in depressed
      outpatients.

PMID- 6387761
TI  - Attention deficit disorder: a bibliography (contains references from 1976 to
      present; earlier citations appear in some sections.).

PMID- 6387762
TI  - Organic personality syndrome caused by insulin-related nocturnal hypoglycemia.

PMID- 6387763
TI  - The iconography of the dental profession. George Segal (1924--).

PMID- 6387764
TI  - A prosthetic solution to the periodontally compromised/furcation involved
      abutment tooth (II).

PMID- 6387765
TI  - Developing occlusion for the individual casting.

PMID- 6387766
TI  - Accurate distal extension removable prosthesis.

PMID- 6387767
TI  - [Automated management of information in the microbiology department of a hospital
      analysis laboratory. Practical evaluations and operational proposals].
AB  - The computer has now an important role in analysis laboratory. Particularly the
      microbiological sector may receive a considerable support by the computer. In
      fact it's possible to form an effective epidemiologic hospital observatory, by
      making a systematic and continuous control of bacterial ecology in hospital
      wards, through the statistical results elaborated by computer. This is the object
      of the microbiological sector in the hospital's laboratory in Pistoia Town.

PMID- 6387768
TI  - [Analysis with immunofluorescence of antibodies attached to bacteria in urinary
      sediment in the diagnosis of the site of urinary infections].
AB  - The authors assess the sensitivity and specificity of the antibody-coated
      bacteria assay for the localization of urinary tract infections. The results are
      compared with those obtained from cultures of urine samples taken from the upper
      tract either by ureteral catheterization or by direct puncture of the renal
      pelvis. In upper urinary tract infections the research of total immunoglobulins
      has proven positive in 71.4% of the cases; of the IgA class in 71.4%; of the IgG
      class in 57.1%; of the IgM class in 28.6% and of the secretory component of IgA
      in 60% of the patients. In case of lower urinary tract infections the research of
      total immunoglobulins was positive in 25% of the cases: that of the IgA class in
      8.3%; of the IgG in 25%; of the IgM in 25% and of the secretory component of IgA
      in 22.2% of patients.

PMID- 6387770
TI  - [Correlations between RIA and ELISA methods in the determination of total IgE].
AB  - Two ELISA methods for total IgE determination are examined comparatively to the
      PRIST method. The microELISA methods showed a high sensibility comparable to that
      of the PRIST in the range of normal values.

PMID- 6387769
TI  - [Diagnostic methods in the isolation of Campylobacter in animals, animal foods
      and man].
AB  - We report some techniques for the enrichment-broths and for the isolation-media
      in the research of thermophilic Campylobacter, over all in animal's foods;
      moreover we have compared four commercial media for direct isolation of this
      bacterium. We think that it is useful, as in alimentary as in animal and human
      microbiology, the research of Campylobacter utilizing selective and specific
      enrichments; for the isolation of Campylobacter we prefer the temperature of 42
      degrees C in respect of 37 degrees C, always in microaerophilic systems. We
      haven't observed significant differences using the four commercial plates, but we
      think that in would be better prepare it laboratory the selective media for the
      goal.

PMID- 6387771
TI  - [Application areas of electro-erosion for precision attachments and connectors].

PMID- 6387772
TI  - Radio- and thermosensitivity of E. coli K1060 after thiol depletion by
      diethylmaleate.
AB  - The Escherichia coli auxotroph K1060 has been grown in a medium supplemented with
      either oleic acid (18:1) or linolenic acid (18:3) and its radiosensitivity and
      thermosensitivity established using bacterial cell survival as the assay system.
      No difference in radiosensitivity was observed when oleic and linolenic grown
      cells were exposed to gamma-radiation at room temperature. When heated at 49
      degrees C linolenic grown cells were more sensitive than oleic grown cells. To
      investigate whether soluble -SH compounds, e.g., glutathione (GSH), were critical
      in protecting cells against radiation or heat, studies were performed using cells
      depleted of -SH by incubation with diethylmaleate (DEM). After reduction of water
      soluble non-protein thiol compounds to 25% (10 mM DEM treatment) of control
      value, no major changes in radiosensitivity under oxic conditions were found.
      Radioresistance increased slightly when irradiation was performed under hypoxic
      conditions. Thermoresistance was clearly stimulated after DEM treatments between
      1 and 10 mM DEM. The main conclusion of these experiments is that lowering the
      cellular level of reduced glutathione may not generally be correlated with a
      higher radio- and thermosensitivity.

PMID- 6387773
TI  - Radioprotection of euoxic bacteria by phenothiazine drugs.
AB  - Survival studies on irradiated euoxic E. coli B/r cells in presence of various
      concentrations of four radioprotecting phenothiazine drugs have been carried out.
      Maximum radioprotection was obtained at a optimal concentration for each drug and
      it decreased on either side of it. The DNA strand break studies at the maximum
      protective and non-protective concentrations of chlorpromazine and promethazine
      revealed that the number of ssbs in DNA were less at the protective concentration
      which were efficiently repaired by the type-III repair process. On the other
      hand, at the non-protective concentrations, inhibition of DNA repair was noticed
      and a higher number of DNA ssbs were detected. We suggest that the membrane is
      fluidized to a greater extent at the protective concentrations allowing the
      chemical restitution of damaged sites by NPSH compounds. At the non-protective
      high concentrations of the drugs, the membrane may be too grossly disorganised to
      allow any repair and at the same time high concentrations of the drugs or their
      radicals may also react with radioprotective intracellular sulphhydryls.

PMID- 6387774
TI  - Release of P and K from yeast cells irradiated by vacuum UV below 170 nm.
AB  - Yeast cells were irradiated with monochromatic synchrotron radiation (SR) under
      wet conditions in the wavelength region from 160 to 185 nm at INS-SOR, Tokyo. By
      the particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) method applied to whole cells several
      elements were found to be released from the irradiated cells at the wavelengths
      shorter than 170 nm. The most drastic release occurred with phosphorus, followed
      potassium. Sulphur and calcium were not released over the whole wavelength region
      studied. It was also revealed that the release of these elements paralleled the
      cell inactivation. The cause of these element releases upon vaccuum-UV
      irradiation was inferred in relation to the dissociation of H2O molecules located
      in the vicinity of the cell surface region.

PMID- 6387775
TI  - Delayed enhanced effects of Adriamycin on the X-irradiation-induced
      gastrointestinal toxicity in mice.
AB  - The delayed responses of C3H mice which had been pretreated with various single
      dose and two-dose fractionated Adriamycin/X-irradiation protocols were evaluated
      by stressing the 120-day survivors with either whole-abdomen X-irradiation
      (LD50/7 assay) or whole-body X-irradiation (crypt colony survival). Pretreatment
      with Adriamycin alone was as toxic as Adriamycin plus X-irradiation for the
      animals stressed at 120 days (LD50/7 assay). There was no induced cellular
      radioresistance (D0) and no apparent increase in crypt size as indicated
      indirectly by the 10-clone dose at 120 days after completion of treatment. The
      increased lethality of the X-irradiation-stressed 120-day survivors was most
      likely a primary gastrointestinal response with little or no contribution from
      either bone marrow or kidney toxicity. The effect was apparently due to a
      persistent Adriamycin-induced antiproliferative response at the cellular level
      but the molecular mechanisms are unknown. Such data suggest caution to our
      clinical colleagues. Cancer patients treated with high doses of Adriamycin,
      independent of concomitant X-irradiation, will most likely be moderately to
      severely compromised in their ability to respond to a stress which requires
      cellular proliferation, and, based on the murine data, this effect is persistent
      if, indeed, not permanent.

PMID- 6387776
TI  - The efficiency of DNA strand-break repair in two fibrosarcoma tumors and in
      normal tissues of mice irradiated in vivo with X rays.
AB  - We have used alkaline elution to study the repair of X-ray-induced DNA strand
      breaks in vivo in two fibrosarcoma tumors and in several normal mouse tissues
      after whole-body irradiation of mice with 10-12.5 Gy of X rays. Both tumors were
      found to repair damage significantly faster and to a greater extent than any of
      the normal tissues, so that by 2 hr after irradiation the level of damage in both
      tumors was indistinguishable from unirradiated control values. Of the normal
      tissues studied, liver repaired the fastest. The kinetics for the other normal
      tissues were essentially the same, showing an appreciable level (7-16%) of
      unrepaired lesions still evident after 2 hr. Even as late as 12 hr there was a
      significant amount of residual damage in some tissues, with testes and spleen
      showing the greatest level (ca. 15%). The repair kinetics for each tissue were
      not appropriately described by a sum of two exponentials. In contrast, previously
      reported data for many homogeneous mammalian cell systems in vitro and for some
      tissues in vivo have shown biphasic repair kinetics. This difference may be
      related to heterogeneity of both cell type and environment within the tissue
      populations used in the investigation. The faster repair of DNA strand breaks by
      tumor cells relative to cells from normal tissues was not readily explainable in
      terms of such radiobiological parameters as overall tissue oxygenation or
      sulfhydryl content. Rather, it appears that the degree of differentiation of the
      cells within the tissue population may be a major determinant of repair
      proficiency. Based on a model incorporating a competition between repair and
      fixation of sublethal lesions, these data are consistent with the idea that tumor
      cells may have a repair, and hence survival, advantage over normal cells in
      response to ionizing radiation.

PMID- 6387777
TI  - An oxygen effect for gamma-radiation induction of radiation resistance in yeast.
AB  - Previous evidence in a lower eukaryote indicated the lack of an oxygen effect for
      ionizing radiation induction of radioresistance [P. E. Bryant, Nature (London)
      261, 588-590 (1976)], suggesting that the signal for induction may be different
      from that in prokaryotes, where DNA damage by a variety of agents has been shown
      to induce SOS. type repair and radioresistance. We show here that prior exposure
      to a sublethal dose of gamma radiation caused induction of radioresistance in
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and that the rate of induction was proportional to the
      initial dose. Irradiation in oxygen produced a higher rate of increase in
      resistance, per unit dose, than irradiation in nitrogen, with an oxygen
      enhancement ratio of 2.8. The maximum level of resistance reached in response to
      saturating doses was the same regardless of the presence or absence of O2 during
      the initial irradiation. At less than saturating doses, however, the maximum
      increase in resistance was higher, per unit dose, following irradiation in the
      presence of O2 than in its absence. Oxic doses which gave the maximum possible in
      increase the level of resistance were considerably less than those required to
      produce the maximum rate of increase in resistance. These results suggest a
      difference in the level at which DNA damage saturates these processes. These
      results also indicate that the use of DNA damage as a signal for induction of
      radiation resistance has probably been conserved during the evolution of
      prokaryotes to lower eukaryotes.

PMID- 6387778
TI  - Survival of mammary epithelial cells from virgin female BALB/c mice following in
      vivo gamma irradiation.
AB  - To examine the cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation on mouse mammary
      epithelial cells, a transplantation assay was used to generate a single-dose
      survival curve. In these experiments, virgin female BALB/c mice were irradiated
      with 0, 100, 300, 600, 900, 1200, or 1500 rad whole-body 137Cs radiation. Mammary
      glands of control and irradiated mice were removed and the mammary epithelial
      cells were enzymatically dissociated, either immediately or 24 hr following
      irradiation, serially diluted, and injected into gland-free mammary fat pads of
      31/2-week-old virgin female BALB/c host mice. The number of cells required to
      give ductal growth at 10 weeks in half the fat pads (the mammary cell dose 50%,
      MCD50) was determined by a maximum likelihood procedure and the ratio of MCD50
      for nonirradiated control cells to MCD50 for irradiated cells provided an
      estimate of cell survival. Fitting the data using a single-hit multitarget model
      resulted in an estimate for D0 of 250 rad with an n of 2.4. No significant
      difference in the results was obtained whether the cells were dissociated and
      transplanted immediately after irradiation or the cells were allowed to remain in
      situ for 24 hr following irradiation. Thus no "in situ repair" was detected for
      mouse mammary epithelial cells.

PMID- 6387779
TI  - Influence of age on life shortening and tumor induction after X-ray and neutron
      irradiation.
AB  - The main object of this study is to investigate the role of age on the
      susceptibility to radiation carcinogenesis and life shortening for different
      qualities of radiation. Over the last few years, a line of research at the
      Laboratory of Pathology, C.R.E. Casaccia, has been set up to study the effects of
      exposure to neutron irradiation, including observations on late effects (both
      neoplastic and nonneoplastic) as a function of radiation dose and of age at
      irradiation. Graded single doses of X rays or attenuated fission neutrons have
      been given to male BC3F1 mice 3 and 19 months old and to animals in utero at 17
      days postcoitum. The analysis of data from over 3000 mice indicates that
      irradiation at 3 months of age causes life shortening which is associated with
      the incidence and rate of radiation-induced neoplasms. Prenatal irradiation or
      irradiation at 19 months of age does not show a clearly measurable life
      shortening for both X-ray and neutron exposures. However, significantly higher
      incidence and rate of solid tumors and reticulum cell sarcomas were observed. In
      general the data confirm the higher biological effectiveness of neutrons compared
      with X rays. The estimates of neutron relative biological effectiveness for
      different end points were found to be in the range of 3 to 18 and their variation
      was closely dose dependent.

PMID- 6387780
TI  - Radiation-induced mutagenicity and lethality in ames tester strains of
      salmonella.
AB  - Mutation and killing induced by X radiation and 60CO gamma radiation were studied
      in six different histidine-requiring auxotrophs of Salmonella typhimurium. Strain
      TA100, which is sensitive to base-pair substitutions, and strains TA2637 and
      TA98, which are sensitive to frameshifts, carry the pKM101 plasmid and exhibit
      significantly higher radiation-induced mutations compared to their plasmidless
      parent strains TA1535, TA1537, and TA1538, respectively. Among the plasmid
      containing strains, TA98 and TA2637 are much more sensitive to the mutagenic
      action of radiation than is TA100 based on a comparison with their respective
      spontaneous mutation rates; however, no uniformity was observed in the responses
      of the strains to the lethal action of ionizing radiation. The pKM101 plasmid
      provides partial protection against lethality in TA100 and TA2637, whereas the
      same plasmid enhances the lethal action of ionizing radiation in TA98. The
      following conclusions are consistent with these observations: (1) the standard
      Ames Salmonella assay correctly identifies ionizing radiation as a mutagenic
      agent; (2) frameshift-sensitive parent strains are more sensitive to the
      mutagenic effects of ionizing radiation than is the only strain studied that is
      sensitive to base-pair substitutions; and (3) enhancement of mutagenesis and
      survival is related to plasmid-mediated repair of DNA damage induced by ionizing
      radiation and does not involve damage induced by Cerenkov-generated uv radiation
      which is negligible for our irradiation conditions.

PMID- 6387781
TI  - Cumulative index 1980-1984, Volumes 134-153.

PMID- 6387782
TI  - Myocardial ischemia during intravenous DSA in patients with cardiac disease.
AB  - A prospective study was performed for 48 patients who had histories of angina and
      were referred for digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Cardiac disease was
      graded according to the American Heart Association (AHA) functional
      classification system. Each patient received 2-5 injections of 40-ml diatrizoate
      meglumine and diatrizoate sodium (Renografin-76, Angiovist-370, or MD-76) at 15
      ml per second in the superior vena cava. Of the 28 patients in functional Classes
      I or II (no or slight limitation of activity), 11% had angina and 32% had
      definite ischemic ECG changes after the DSA injections. Of the 19 patients in
      functional Class III (marked limitation of activity), 63% had angina, and 58% had
      definite ischemic ECG changes after the injections. One patient in functional
      Class IV (total disability) developed ventricular fibrillation after the second
      injection. These observed cardiac effects following bolus injections of
      hypertonic ionic contrast media indicate that special precautions are necessary
      when performing intravenous DSA examinations on this group of high risk patients.

PMID- 6387783
TI  - Contrast agents for cardiac angiography: effects of a nonionic agent vs. a
      standard ionic agent.
AB  - The effects on cardiac hemodynamics and serum parameters of a standard contrast
      agent (sodium methylglucamine diatrizoate [Renografin 76]) were compared with the
      effects of a new nonionic agent (iohexol) in a double-blind study in 51 patients
      undergoing coronary angiography and left ventriculography. No significant
      alteration in measured blood parameters occurred with either contrast agent.
      Hemodynamic changes occurred with both, but were significantly greater with the
      standard Renografin than with the low-osmolality, nonionic iohexol. After left
      ventriculography, heart rate increased and peripheral arterial pressure fell with
      both agents, but less with iohexol. Following coronary artery injections, heart
      rate and arterial pressure decreased with both agents, but the changes were more
      marked and occurred earlier with the standard contrast material. It is concluded
      that iohexol causes less alteration in cardiac function than does the agent
      currently most widely used. Nonionic contrast material is likely to improve the
      safety of coronary angiography, particularly in those patients at greatest risk.

PMID- 6387784
TI  - Legionnaires' disease in the renal transplant patient: clinical presentation and
      radiographic progression.
AB  - The clinical presentation and radiographic progression of Legionnaires' disease
      is described in 10 renal transplant patients, the majority undergoing treatment
      for rejection. Presentation with pleuritic chest pain, fever, hypoxia, and
      hemoptysis was typical and in some cases led to confusion with pulmonary
      embolism. The radiographic appearance was that of rapidly progressive, dense,
      sublobar consolidation, occasionally showing patchy spread to other areas and
      usually accompanied by pleural effusion. Cavitation occurred in seven of 10
      patients.

PMID- 6387785
TI  - Renal vein renin sampling in essential hypertension using hydralazine and the
      tourniquet test.
AB  - The results of renal vein renin sampling were assessed in 40 patients who had
      uncomplicated essential hypertension. All had normal creatinine clearance,
      intravenous pyelography, and arteriography. During sampling, renin release was
      stimulated in 29 patients with intravenous hydralazine and in 11 with the
      tourniquet blood trapping test. Simultaneous sequential renal vein samples were
      drawn over a 30-minute period. Positive renal vein renin ratios (greater than or
      equal to 1.5) were seen in 52% of the hydralazine group at 0 minutes and in 69%
      post-hydralazine. In the tourniquet group, 27% had a positive ratio at 0 minutes
      as compared with 64% post-tourniquets. A significant difference was found in
      renal vein plasma renin activity between the two kidneys (p greater than or equal
      to .0001). The asymmetry of renal vein renin activity and the large renal vein
      renin ratios in these two groups suggest the presence of true differences in
      renin secretion. These differences may be due to focal nephrosclerosis. The
      therapeutic significance of a positive renal vein renin ratio in the hypertensive
      patient should be determined in conjunction with arteriography.

PMID- 6387786
TI  - Retroperitoneal reabsorption of extravasated urine in renal transplant patients.
AB  - Serum creatinine may be elevated in renal transplant patients due to
      retroperitoneal reabsorption of extravasated urine, despite normal excretion. The
      combination of a normal urogram and elevated serum creatinine should suggest
      urine extravasation.

PMID- 6387787
TI  - Pediatric digital subtraction angiography.
AB  - Experience with intravenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in infants and
      children is limited, although its relative ease of performance, low complication
      rate, and diagnostic accuracy indicate great potential. We performed 87 DSA
      examinations (74 patients) and obtained sufficient detail to facilitate diagnosis
      in most cases. The major problems of patient movement and overlapping vessels can
      be minimized by judicious use of sedation and strict attention to technique.
      Exposure of patients to radiation has not been a limiting factor since our system
      uses low exposure factors (2-38 mR [.51-9.76 mu C/kg]/frame). Our results
      demonstrate that DSA has wide applicability to many organ systems and is
      especially useful in intracranial disease and for preoperative evaluation of
      neoplasms. More specific indications for its use in children must await further
      correlative studies.

PMID- 6387788
TI  - Renal transplant rejection: sonographic evaluation in children.
AB  - The ability to detect renal rejection sonographically was studied in 42 pediatric
      renal transplant patients over a 33-month period. Sonography was not helpful in
      detecting rejection when the donor was less than five years of age. When the
      donor was over five years of age, a combination of sonographic findings allowed
      detection of rejection with a greater specificity than has been reported
      previously. The combination of three or more of the sonographic findings
      (increased renal volume 30% over the baseline value; enlarged, broadened,
      rectangular medullary pyramids [rays]; a reduction or absence of the central
      sinus echoes, and altered echogenicity in the renal parenchyma) indicated
      rejection with 97% specificity and 58% sensitivity. Radionuclide imaging with Tc
      99m DTPA gave approximately the same sensitivity (60%) but was less specific
      (88%). By excluding rejection with the absence of the sonographic findings, it
      was possible to suggest acute tubular necrosis in some patients. It was also
      possible to detect the complications of renal transplantation, but sonography did
      not detect small ruptures of the kidney as a part of the rejection phenomenon.

PMID- 6387789
TI  - Intracranial tuberous sclerosis in infancy.
AB  - Transfontanelle sonograms and CT scans of the brain were obtained in 2 infants
      with tuberous sclerosis. Each modality showed typical subependymal nodules in
      both infants, as well as a large mass adjacent to the foramen of Monro in one of
      them; in the other, peripheral cortical tubers were clearly outlined with CT but
      not detected by ultrasound.

PMID- 6387790
TI  - Complications of intravenous DSA performed for carotid artery disease: a
      prospective study.
AB  - One hundred and two patients, who were being evaluated for carotid artery
      disease, were prospectively studied for complications occurring as a result of
      intravenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA). We recorded the type, number,
      and outcome of complications and reviewed the amount of contrast material used,
      along with the patient's age and medical history for possible correlation with
      increased complications. There were 55 total complications or side effects
      involving 37 patients. Central nervous system (CNS) complications included six
      major-transient and one major-permanent complication. Systemic complications
      included 20 major-transient and two major-permanent events. The patient's age and
      the amount of contrast material used did not appear to be significant risk
      factors. Complications in our series were significantly higher than previous DSA
      reports and published data on conventional angiography studies. Many of our
      patients were in a relatively high risk group, including 74 patients who had
      multisystem disease and 30 who had histories of angina.

PMID- 6387791
TI  - Choroidal detachment and ocular hypotony: CT evaluation.
AB  - The computed tomographic (CT) findings in 20 patients with hemorrhagic choroidal
      detachment, serous choroidal detachment, and/or ocular hypotony are described.
      Hemorrhagic choroidal detachment appeared as an area of high attenuation that was
      usually localized, uniformly hyperdense, and not position-dependent (i.e., there
      was no shift with changing patient position). Serous choroidal detachment
      appeared as a convex, thick line of increased density within the vitreous cavity.
      Inflammatory choroidal detachment produces a diffuse intrauveal and
      suprachoroidal accumulation of high-density, position-dependent fluid, and
      uveoscleral thickening and enhancement, which in cross section resembles a ring.
      On CT ocular hypotony produces a characteristic uveoscleral infolding. CT has
      proved valuable in localizing and differentiating serous or hemorrhagic choroidal
      detachment and uveoscleral infolding.

PMID- 6387792
TI  - The fetal cisterna magna.
AB  - Antenatal sonography routinely images the fetal cisterna magna. The
      identification of a prominent cisterna magna on a routine antenatal sonogram
      performed for obstetric indications may raise the question of a congenital
      posterior fossa lesion. To delineate the size of the fetal cisterna magna,
      standardized measurements for the midsagittal depth of the cisterna magna were
      prospectively obtained on 219 consecutive antenatal sonograms in fetuses of 15
      menstrual weeks or more. The cisterna magna depth measured 5 +/- 3 mm; the
      largest cisterna magna measured 10 mm in depth. In the absence of other findings
      to suggest a posterior fossa lesion, a prominent cisterna magna is unlikely to be
      clinically significant.

PMID- 6387793
TI  - Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni: ultrasound manifestations.
AB  - Ultrasound (US) was performed in 103 patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis
      mansoni. The abnormal US findings are reported and correlated with the pathologic
      and anatomic characteristics. The main US findings are periportal fibrosis, left
      lobe hypertrophy, thickening of the wall of the gallbladder, granulomas, splenic
      nodules, and widening of the portal vessel system. Frequent but nonspecific
      findings include splenomegaly and the presence of collateral vessels. Portal vein
      thrombosis was present in a few cases. It is concluded that US is a major tool in
      the diagnosis of this disease.

PMID- 6387794
TI  - Sonographic evaluation of the cartilage of the knee.
AB  - Real-time ultrasound was assessed as a means of evaluating osteoarthritis of the
      knee. The knee was maintained in complete flexion so as to expose the weight
      bearing portion of the femoral condylar cartilage. After establishing the
      validity of the method in an excised bovine knee, 7 asymptomatic individuals, 10
      arthritic patients, and several patients with other conditions were examined. The
      results indicated that sonography can be used to measure the thickness of the
      articular cartilage in man, as well as to detect changes in its surface and
      internal characteristics. Early changes of arthritis may be revealed in this
      manner.

PMID- 6387795
TI  - Attenuation of ultrasound: magnitude and frequency dependence for tissue
      characterization.
AB  - Backscattered ultrasonic waveforms from selected regions of the liver were
      collected from B-scans of 11 male patients ranging from 13 to 41 years of age and
      analyzed to determine local values of both the magnitude and frequency dependence
      of attenuation. Processing was based on frequency domain analysis and also
      incorporated precise corrections for time-varying gain, nonlinear amplifier
      compression, and beam diffraction, which would otherwise degrade accuracy. The
      results demonstrate that (a) consistent and reproducible measurements of
      attenuation from one scan to the next are possible within a given patient, and
      (b) frequency dependence can deviate significantly from the linear relationship
      between frequency and attenuation commonly assumed for soft tissue. Based on the
      accuracy of the overall analysis and the reproducibility of the results, the
      authors suggest that a multivariate approach to clinical tissue characterization
      using both the magnitude and frequency dependence of ultrasonic attenuation may
      be possible.

PMID- 6387796
TI  - Real-time pelvic ultrasonography as an adjunct to digital examination.
AB  - The authors suggest that diagnostic accuracy could be improved in 1% of cases by
      combining real-time ultrasound with digital examination of the pelvis or rectum.
      Differences of opinion between clinician and ultrasonologist regarding a possible
      pelvic mass can easily be settled. This technique can also be used to displace
      loops of bowel, help characterize congenital anomalies, and aid in the training
      of medical students and residents in obstetrics and gynecology.

PMID- 6387797
TI  - Sonourethrography: technique for evaluation of prostatic urethra.
AB  - Sonoendoscopy of the prostate was extended to include the prostatic urethra,
      using the transrectal approach so as to show the urethra during voiding. In
      addition to the normal urethra, nodules impinging upon and displacing the
      prostatic urethra were clearly demonstrated, as well as clinically unsuspected
      carcinomas and other abnormalities.

PMID- 6387798
TI  - Hepatobiliary scintigraphy and sonography in early biliary obstruction.
AB  - The authors examined 139 patients thought to have early, partial, or intermittent
      biliary obstruction, using sonography, hepatobiliary scintigraphy, and in
      selected cases contrast cholangiography. Of 125 patients with a well-established
      final diagnosis, sonography and scintigraphy disagreed in 29 (23%). Scintigraphy
      revealed early or low-grade obstruction in 13 patients who had no evidence of
      dilated ductules, while 7 patients with dilatation from prior stone passage or
      biliary surgery showed normal clearance. The authors conclude that in a
      preselected population in whom early or low-grade biliary obstruction may be
      present, disagreement between sonography and scintigraphy is not rare, and the
      absence of sonographically detectable dilatation does not exclude obstruction.

PMID- 6387799
TI  - Beam attenuation devices for digital subtraction angiography.
AB  - A set of three contoured and beveled aluminum filters was constructed for routine
      use in a variety of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) applications. These
      adjustable devices are designed to compensate for the uneven x-ray penetration
      that occurs in many radiographic fields and may otherwise lead to video camera
      saturation, a major source of artifact in DSA. We have used this simple yet
      versatile adjunct in more than 200 DSA examinations with uniformly satisfactory
      results. Major advantages include elimination of the procedural delays that may
      be associated with more conventional approaches (such as the use of a bolus
      technique) and avoidance of misregistration artifact when pixel-shifting is used.

PMID- 6387800
TI  - Screening for occlusive vascular disease with intraarterial DSA: preliminary
      experience with a high flow 4-F catheter.
AB  - Forty-two patients underwent intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA)
      of the carotid or renal arteries, utilizing a new 4-F aortic flush catheter; 37
      procedures were percutaneous transbrachial, five were percutaneous transfemoral.
      Image quality was consistently good or excellent. The safety of nonselective
      intraarterial DSA screening for occlusive vascular disease is being evaluated in
      our ongoing series.

PMID- 6387801
TI  - Radiation-induced heart disease: an update.

PMID- 6387802
TI  - Cardiotoxicity of antitumor agents.

PMID- 6387803
TI  - Cardiac receptors: their function in health and disease.
AB  - Cardiac receptors include both mechanically and chemically sensitive receptors
      located in atria and in ventricles. Atrial receptors innervated by myelinated
      vagal afferent fibers reflexly regulate heart rate and intravascular volume. On
      the other hand, stimulation of ventricular receptors can cause either reflex
      bradycardia and hypotension or, alternatively, excitation of the cardiovascular
      system. The former response is mediated by vagal afferents, whereas the latter is
      mediated by sympathetic (spinal) afferents. Under normal circumstances, cardiac
      receptors sense changes in wall motion or diastolic pressure and perhaps provide
      a fine tuning of the cardiovascular system. However, under certain pathological
      conditions such as coronary ischemia, which cause release of substances such as
      bradykinin and prostaglandins, there is an exaggerated response of the
      ventricular receptors. Because these receptors cause a reflex depression of the
      cardiovascular system and, in particular, induce renal vasodilation, they may
      protect the heart and kidney by lessening myocardial oxygen requirements and by
      increasing renal blood flow. In the situation of heart failure both atrial and
      ventricular receptors are reset and therefore provide for an exaggerated
      neurohumoral discharge. Finally, patients with aortic stenosis may demonstrate a
      paradoxical vasodilation and syncope during exercise when there likely is
      excessive stimulation of left ventricular receptors by the high transmural
      pressure.

PMID- 6387804
TI  - One step ceramic repairs.

PMID- 6387805
TI  - Maxillofacial prosthetics: rehabilitation of head and neck cancer patients (I).

PMID- 6387806
TI  - Reconstruction of full crowns using a gnathological concept.

PMID- 6387807
TI  - Multiple cantilevers: one alternative to distal extension prosthesis and
      implants.

PMID- 6387808
TI  - Fabrication of retainer castings for convertible-detachable prostheses and
      overdentures utilizing Ceka attachments (I).

PMID- 6387809
TI  - Selecting materials for the fabrication of dies (III).

PMID- 6387810
TI  - The role of metallizing in dental electroforming.

PMID- 6387811
TI  - Integrated approach to the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma.
AB  - A prospective comparison of sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of
      ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and angiography was performed in 112 patients
      with proven pancreatic carcinoma. ERCP had the highest sensitivity and
      specificity in evaluation of pancreatic carcinoma. CT was the least sensitive in
      detecting pancreatic malignancy. Angiography had the highest positive predictive
      value. US and ERCP had a high negative predictive value. The initial examination
      of a patient with suspected pancreatic carcinoma is by US. Should this produce an
      abnormal result, CT is then used to confirm a lesion. A diagnosis of unresectable
      pancreatic carcinoma could be made by US and CT without the need for additional
      imaging procedures. If not, ERCP is indicated when there is some distinct reason
      to suspect pancreatic carcinoma. If ERCP reveals an abnormality, then angiography
      is performed to determine whether the lesion is benign or malignant, and if
      malignant whether it is resectable or not.

PMID- 6387812
TI  - Sonographic diagnosis of biliary ascariasis.
AB  - Real-time sonographic imaging can clearly represent the biliary ascarid as a
      longitudinal double linear echo. We call this representation an intraductal
      tubular image. Such imaging allows easy differentiation of the biliary parasite
      from calcification and other foreign bodies in the biliary tracts.

PMID- 6387813
TI  - Medical use of radiation and particle accelerators.
AB  - Recently, medical use of radiation has progressed markedly with the application
      of newly developed techniques and modalities. And the progress of radiation
      diagnosis too, has felt the impact of imaging techniques since the introduction
      of X-ray computerized tomography (X-ray CT). In radiation therapy, efforts have
      been concentrated on studies to improve local control rates of radioresistant
      cancers and locally advanced cancers, which remained a problem even after the
      introduction of megavoltage radiation therapy machines. Particle radiation,
      characterized by an excellent dose distribution as well as the features of high
      LET radiation, has been introduced in to clinical research for use in radiation
      therapy. Other studies with particle radiation suggests that the short lived
      radioisotopes produced by accelerators will open up a new era for nuclear
      medicine. This paper looks at the present status and some of the future problems
      in the medical use of radiation and radioisotopes in Japan.

PMID- 6387814
TI  - A clinical statistical study of lung cancer patients in Japan with special
      reference to the staging system of TNM classification: a report from the Japan
      Joint Committee of Lung Cancer associated with the TNM System of Clinical
      Classification (UICC).
AB  - In 1978, after having conducted clinical field trials, the TNM Committee of Union
      Internationale Contre le Cancer (UICC) decided on an uniform system for the
      classification of lung cancer. The Japan Joint Committee of Lung Cancer (JCC) has
      continued to conduct field studies recommended by UICC, and since then has
      completed its third series carried out at 149 participating institutions. In this
      third series, the case records of 4,931 lung cancer patients were submitted for
      analysis. A clinical staging system of these findings was then set up, arranged
      in the TNM classification. As a result of this work, some improvements were made
      in the staging system. And JCC will now propose these changes, given as follows,
      to UICC for consideration: Occult Cancer: TX N0 M0 Stage I: T1 N0 M0, T2 N0 M0
      Stage II: T0 N1 M0, T1 N1 M0, T2 N1 M0 Stage III: T3 N0 M0, T3 N1 M0, Any T N2 M0
      Stage IV: Any T, Any N M1 The factors influencing the prognosis of patients with
      lung cancer (Yoshimura et al., 1982 (b)) (which include age, sex, histological
      type, modality of treatment and type of clinical staging used) were then re
      evaluated. The results of this evaluation suggest an improved 5-year survival
      rate when using multi-modality treatment.

PMID- 6387815
TI  - Physiologic responses of clients with essential hypertension to progressive
      muscle relaxation training.
AB  - The effects of progressive muscle relaxation on blood pressure of hypertensive
      clients were examined. After collection of baseline data, 22 clients received
      group relaxation training followed by individual monitoring sessions over a 6
      week period. The 22 persons in the control group did not receive relaxation
      training. The group instructed in relaxation had a lower mean systolic blood
      pressure than the nontrained group at 4-month follow-up. While the relaxation
      trained group showed a significant decrease in diastolic pressure from baseline
      to follow-up, the difference between trained and non-trained groups at follow-up
      was not significant. Relaxation, taught initially in group with individual follow
      up visits, resulted in continued practice of relaxation and subsequent lowering
      of blood pressure in subjects with essential, uncomplicated hypertension.

PMID- 6387816
TI  - Exocrine and endocrine secretion of renin and epidermal growth factor from the
      mouse submandibular glands.
AB  - Renin and epidermal growth factor (EGF) are synthesized in large amounts by the
      male mouse submandibular glands. We report the peptides to be secreted mainly in
      an exocrine manner. The highest values in saliva are obtained upon stimulation
      with the alpha-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine. The median value for renin is 54
      700 nmol/l and the median value for EGF is 211 800 nmol/l. Aggressive behaviour
      and beta-adrenergic stimulation also increase salivary output of both peptides,
      while vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) plus pilocarpine selectively
      stimulate the secretion of renin. The pattern of increase in plasma is comparable
      to that in saliva though the substance concentration is lower by a factor of 2 to
      70 for renin and a factor of 280 to 12 000 for EGF.

PMID- 6387817
TI  - [Application of radiation to biomedical materials and artificial organs].

PMID- 6387818
TI  - [Current topics in radiopharmaceuticals in Japan. (VII). Recent progress in
      radioimmunoassay with special reference to steroids].

PMID- 6387819
TI  - The use of short-term tests and limited bioassays in carcinogenicity testing.
AB  - A brief discussion is given of the use of short-term in vivo and in vitro tests
      in carcinogenicity testing. Data are presented on the performance of nine such
      tests and five limited bioassays, as measured in terms of their sensitivity,
      specificity, accuracy, and predictive value. It is concluded that tests are
      available which, when used in combinations such as have been proposed by various
      authors, are capable of correctly identifying carcinogens and noncarcinogens with
      high confidence. A discussion of the statistics of batteries of tests is given.
      This is followed by a semiquantitative graphical representation and a discussion
      of how, on proceeding through a testing scheme such as that proposed by J. H.
      Weisburger and G. M. Williams (1981, Science 214, 401-407), the cumulative cost
      and the probability of correctly identifying a carcinogen or a noncarcinogen
      change as results become available from each of the stages of such a testing
      scheme.

PMID- 6387820
TI  - [Importance of night monkeys (Aotus) in research on malaria chemotherapy].

PMID- 6387821
TI  - [Mansonella ozzardi in Darien (Panama)].

PMID- 6387822
TI  - [List of publications of the Gorgas Memorial Laboratory from 1980 to 1984].

PMID- 6387823
TI  - [Stereotaxic irradiation with a linear accelerator].
AB  - At least two fundamental requirements must subsist for every stereotaxic
      radiotherapy treatment: 1) a capacity to administer extremely high doses of
      radiation to small areas which have been precisely defined in three dimensions;
      2) the presence of a steep gradient between adjacent isodose curves so that
      damage to the tissues close to the target may be reduced to the minimum. The
      authors have built a special stereotaxic device for the fixing of the head of the
      patient (together with the chosen intracranial target), once the indispensable
      neuroradiological evaluations and bioptic controls have been effected, at the
      isocenter of a linear accelerator (Varian Clinac 4). Once the dimensions of the
      collimator have been chosen in accordance with the volume and the three
      dimensional conformation of the target and the dose to be administered has been
      decided upon in accordance with the histological nature of the lesion, both the
      linear accelerator and the patient are rotated about the isocenter of the therapy
      unit. It this way it is possible to reach extremely high dosages with very steep
      isodose gradients, centered exclusively upon the target ("gamma knife"). The
      procedure employed is described in full. The dosimetric evaluations which
      preceded the use of the set-up in clinical practice are illustrated as well. The
      advantages that this technique offers when compared with interstitial
      brachytherapy and/or Leksell's radiosurgical procedures are stressed. The
      described procedure, which is entirely bloodless and thus applicable also to high
      vascularized lesions, has so far been used in a limited series of cases.

PMID- 6387824
TI  - [Ecographic aspects of intestinal invaginations. Description of a case and review
      of the literature].
AB  - In one colo-colic intussusception diagnosed by ultrasound the author refers about
      the role of "hay-fork" image to be considered specific sign because its anatomic
      derivation. By the analysis of the literature and its results, indications and
      diagnostic possibilities of sonography with characteristic appearance are
      reported.

PMID- 6387825
TI  - [Etiopathogenic aspects of Sjogren's syndrome].

PMID- 6387826
TI  - [Hemolytic Streptococcus group B endocarditis (S. agalactiae)].

PMID- 6387827
TI  - [False positives of gammagraphy with 67gallium and computerized axial tomography
      in intra-abdominal abscesses].

PMID- 6387828
TI  - [Calcium channel blockers. Review and attempt at classification].

PMID- 6387829
TI  - [Injuries of the pancreas].

PMID- 6387830
TI  - Leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) test, LAI. Trypsin and LAI. Humoral test in
      large term immunotherapy with levamisole on breast and colon cancer.
AB  - LAI test was studied in 231 patients, forming the following groups:
      "Presurgical", "Post surgical immediate", "Post surgical mediate", "Post surgical
      under treatment" (with levamisole) and "Metastasized". The following mean NAI
      were obtained: 65%, 40%, 48%, 0% and -13% respectively. On 149 patients LAI test,
      LAI trypsin test and Humoral LAI test were performed. The obtained values,
      allowed to develop five groups, according to the LAI and LAI Trypsin test
      positivity or negativity, i.e. group I: -,-; group II: +,-; group III: +,+; group
      IV: -,+; group V: -,-. A patient could pass through group I to V when he courses
      from a starting cancer to metastasis. Besides the action of conventional therapy,
      a low tumoral burden residual cancer could be treated with success by long term
      alternate therapy, with levamisole. Those cases showed that they run through the
      aforementioned groups from group V to I, remaining both LAI tests negative for
      years if immunotherapy's protocol is fulfilled. Moreover, an adequate follow-up
      is assured.

PMID- 6387831
TI  - Biochemical short-term predictive assay: results of correlative trials in
      comparison to other assays.

PMID- 6387832
TI  - Predictive tests and infrequent events in cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 6387833
TI  - Multifocal pigment epithelial detachments by reticulum cell sarcoma. A
      characteristic funduscopic picture.
AB  - Patients with systemic reticulum cell sarcoma often develop evidence of ocular
      involvement months or several years prior to the onset of neurologic symptoms.
      This neoplasm appears to have proclivity of arising multicentrically within the
      subpigment epithelial space, as well as in the vitreous. When this occurs it may
      produce a peculiar ophthalmoscopic picture of multiple large, solid detachments
      of the pigment epithelium that is rarely duplicated by any other disease. Three
      patients illustrating this disease are presented.

PMID- 6387834
TI  - Ophthalmomyiasis treated by argon-laser photocoagulation.
AB  - A live, subretinal fly larva was observed in a 16-year-old Caucasian female.
      Argon-laser photocoagulation killed the larva without a destructive inflammatory
      response. The patient's vision improved from 20/200 to 20/20 as the eye
      recovered. Clinical photographs demonstrate the larva and the acute and later
      healed pathopneumonic subretinal tracks. The laser photocoagulation technique is
      described.

PMID- 6387836
TI  - [Esophageal varices].

PMID- 6387835
TI  - Retinal vasculitis in ocular toxoplasmosis in nonhuman primates.
AB  - Six monkeys had prior systemic immunization followed by intraretinal challenge to
      each eye with Toxoplasma antigens. All eyes developed iridocyclitis, vitritis,
      and retinal edema, but no necrotizing retinochoroiditis. One-half of the eyes
      were then challenged with living organisms and the other one-half with Toxoplasma
      antigens. All eyes developed iridocyclitis, vitritis, and retinal edema, but no
      necrotizing retinochoroiditis. Four months later, the right eye of each monkey
      was challenged with living Toxoplasma organisms injected intraretinally. Each
      injected eye developed iridocyclitis, vitritis, and retinal edema 24 hours after
      injection, and all developed a retinal vasculitis 6 days after injection. One
      injected eye developed a papillitis. A subcutaneous booster of living Toxoplasma
      organisms in four of the monkeys failed to produce a reactivation of the
      iridocyclitis, vitritis, and vasculitis. These findings suggest that
      hyperimmunization provides protection against the development of a necrotizing
      toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis in nonhuman primates and that it may lead to
      retinal vasculitis and iridocyclitis. This study also serves as an animal model
      of retinal vasculitis in ocular toxoplasmosis.

PMID- 6387837
TI  - High-frequency ventilation: a review.
AB  - As a new mode of assisted ventilation, high-frequency ventilation (HFV) embodies
      several types of devices, all of which employ tidal volumes much smaller and
      frequencies much greater than conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV). Due to
      the smaller swings of airway pressure during HFV, it is thought that some of the
      drawbacks of CMV may be overcome. Besides the obvious clinical implications,
      considerable interest has been generated concerning the physiological effects of
      HFV. In this review, the effects of HFV on gas exchange, lung mechanics,
      mucociliary transport, cardiovascular function and control of breathing will be
      examined. Although the role of HFV in the management of different lung diseases
      is still unclear, it has proved to be both a strong stimulus and a useful tool in
      the study of physiology.

PMID- 6387838
TI  - [Mutagenesis of amino and/or methyl analogs of acridine in Salmonella and yeast:
      a comparison between the spot-test and the pre-incubation methods].
AB  - The relationship between mutagenic activities and chemical structure of acridine
      derivatives was examined by using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1537 and TA
      1977 and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Most analogs with amino and/or methyl
      group(s) caused frameshift-type mutation in Salmonella without mammalian
      microsomal enzyme activation. The 9-amino analogs were strong mutagens and
      mutagenicity was also increased when 10-position was methylated in 1-amino and 2
      amino compounds. However, 9-amino derivatives did not cause mitochondrial
      mutation in yeast, where 3,6-diamino and/or 10-methyl groups were structural
      requisites for significant mutagenic activity. In comparison with the pre
      incubation method, the spot-test method was shown to be less sensitive. The
      mutagenicity of some compounds could not be detected by the spot-test method.
      Mutagenic activities of these drugs were revealed and increased markedly with an
      increase in pre-incubation period up to 20 min, suggesting that the pre
      incubation of tester bacteria with a compound prior to a mutagenicity assay is
      necessary for the detection of mutagenesis of these compounds.

PMID- 6387839
TI  - [Penetrating keratoplasty combined with extracapsular lens extraction].
AB  - Penetrating keratoplasty combined lens extraction was employed in 4 cases at the
      Department of Ophthalmology Hospital, University of Occupational and
      Environmental Health from January 1981 through May 1983. The visual acuity of the
      treated eye in all of the four cases has improved from before surgery. The
      operative procedure employed in our cases was very effective in preventing
      complications that might occur during and after surgery. We performed the
      extracapsular lens extraction by using the open sky method and A/I tip under a
      surgical microscope without difficulty. We concluded that the keratoplasty
      combined with extracapsular lens extraction can be safely and reliably performed
      by employing the above method and that it is a very effective and useful
      operation in cases of which visual impairment is due to corneal opacity and
      cataracts.

PMID- 6387840
TI  - [Hyperthermia in cancer therapy].
AB  - Hyperthermia is being re-evaluated and currently used in the treatment of
      malignant tumor. There have been numerous in vitro and in vivo experimental data
      presented which confirm the selective heat damage on malignant cells. This review
      will attempt to summarize the information on experimental and clinical reports
      concerning hyperthermia. The results of extracorporeally induced hyperthermia of
      our series are also mentioned.

PMID- 6387841
TI  - [Medical philosophy reflected in the history of medicine].
AB  - The main aim of the Medical Humanics course, as well as that of this university,
      is to educate students so that they will continue philosophizing for themselves
      throughout their lives. Dr. Hisayoshi Omodaka, the founder of Japanese Medical
      Humanics (or Igaku Gairon), claimed that this discipline must be the philosophy
      of medicine. Medical Humanics should be the philosophy for physicians,
      researchers and all other health-related professionals. This philosophy is
      different from the philosophy which is taught independently to freshmen in the
      university. Thus the philosophy of medicine should embody those concrete
      materials which are harvested directly from the hot spots of medical practice.
      This paper is based on the author's series of lectures in medical humanics with
      the title: "Man and Medicine", given between October and December of 1982 to the
      5th-year undergraduates. In this series the author attempted to express his own
      views, along with the philosophical thinking of many great physicians and
      thinkers, so far as they are reflected in the mirror of the history of medicine.
      The outline is as follows: (1) Usefulness of the history of medicine for medical
      students. (2) Origin of medicine and the occult sciences. (3) Western classic
      medicine: from Hippocrates to the Renaissance. (4) Chinese classic medicine. (5)
      Brief sketch of Japanese medicine: from ancient to Meiji period. There is a
      general tendency among both medical students and teachers to make little of the
      history of medicine. However, as William Hazlitt wrote in his poem, "By despising
      all that has preceded us, we teach others to despise ourselves".

PMID- 6387842
TI  - [Plethora and the art of healing. The uneasiness of Liege physicians in the 19th
      century].

PMID- 6387843
TI  - [Epistaxis].

PMID- 6387844
TI  - [Rhinoplasty].

PMID- 6387845
TI  - The ultrastructure and synaptic connections of serotonin-immunoreactive terminals
      in spinal laminae I and II.
AB  - In order to study the synaptic relationships of serotonin (5-HT)-containing
      axons, boutons in laminae I and II of the cat spinal cord were labeled for
      serotonin with peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemistry. Labeled boutons
      were examined with the light microscope and recut into serial ultrathin sections
      for examination with the electron microscope. Labeled axons exhibiting boutons
      were sagittally oriented, and were most numerous in lamina I and outer lamina II
      (IIo) and least numerous in inner lamina II (IIi). Two types of labeled boutons
      were observed ultrastructurally. A relatively rare, large, scalloped or egg
      shaped bouton, which contained many mitochondria and dense core vesicles, was
      found in laminae I and IIo. A smaller dome-shaped bouton, which contained fewer
      dense core vesicles and round or pleomorphic, clear vesicles, was found
      throughout laminae I and II. Both types commonly established symmetrical synaptic
      contacts with the distal portion of a dendritic tree, rarely with proximal
      portions or cell somas, and never with axon terminals. The results suggest that
      there are heterogeneous serotonergic systems that may selectively modify
      different inputs postsynaptically to functionally different types of neurons in
      the superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

PMID- 6387846
TI  - [Neuroradiology of the sellar region].

PMID- 6387847
TI  - [The kidney and normal pregnancy].

PMID- 6387848
TI  - [Bacteriuria and pyelonephritis in pregnancy].

PMID- 6387849
TI  - [Nephropathy and pregnancy].

PMID- 6387850
TI  - The distribution and function of peroxidases in the respiratory tract.
AB  - Heme-containing peroxidases have been demonstrated both biochemically and
      cytochemically in a variety of cells that either reside in the respiratory tract
      or circulate through it via the vasculature. The peroxidases in neutrophils and
      eosinophils have long been known to function in lung defense through their
      participation in an antimicrobial system involving hydrogen peroxide and chloride
      ions. Recent studies indicate that this system is also toxic to tumor cells and,
      as such, it may have a protective or mitigative effect on tumor formation in the
      lung. Eosinophil peroxidase may be involved in immediate hypersensitivity
      reactions in the lung because of its secretory effect on mast cells. Platelets
      contain peroxidases, but how they function is unknown. Whether peroxidase occurs
      in lymphocytes is controversial, but until more compelling evidence is presented
      they should be considered peroxidase-negative. A number of cells indigenous to
      the respiratory tract contain peroxidase activity, but there is considerable
      variability among species as to its presence and amount. When careful
      consideration is given to fixation and incubation conditions, peroxidase can be
      demonstrated cytochemically in the nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum of
      some endothelial cells and type II cells of certain rodents, but its
      physiological role is speculative. The alveolar macrophages of most species
      possess little or no peroxidase activity apart from catalase which can function
      as a peroxidase under certain conditions. Mast cells in the respiratory tract
      contain peroxidase, but it is more easily demonstrated biochemically than
      cytochemically. The function of mast cell peroxidase is unknown, but two
      hypotheses worthy of investigation are its possible role in modulation of atopic
      allergic reactions and involvement in an antitumor defense mechanism similar to
      that of myeloperoxidase. Peroxidase is most abundant in the secretory cells of
      the tracheobronchial epithelium and glands where, in a number of species, it is
      synthesized and secreted as a component of mucus. Its possible contribution to
      lung defense is discussed in view of its morphologic similarity to the
      antibacterial peroxidase of milk and saliva. Because of the ease with which
      peroxidases can be demonstrated cytochemically, it is not surprising that
      morphologic information regarding their distribution in the respiratory tract has
      greatly exceeded insights into their functional significance. It is hoped that
      advancements in cell dissociation and culture, along with biochemical isolation
      and purification techniques, will lead to definitive conclusions concerning their
      physiologic roles in lung metabolism and defense.

PMID- 6387851
TI  - Quantitative features of the structure, function and modulation of
      prothrombinase.

PMID- 6387852
TI  - Pathology and recent pathogenetic studies in human graft-versus-host disease.

PMID- 6387853
TI  - Graft-versus-host induced immunosuppression and tissue injury: experimental and
      theoretical considerations.

PMID- 6387855
TI  - Alloimmunity and immunosuppression in human graft-versus-host disease.

PMID- 6387854
TI  - Destruction of the intestinal mucosa after bone marrow transplantation and graft
      versus-host disease.

PMID- 6387856
TI  - [Bonding in restorative dentistry].

PMID- 6387857
TI  - [Use of bonded facings].

PMID- 6387858
TI  - [New use of bonding in crown and bridge prosthesis: inlays-onlays and jacket
      crowns of composite resins].

PMID- 6387859
TI  - [Anterior tooth replacement by the UDA (universal dental anchorage) system].

PMID- 6387860
TI  - [Bonded enamel bridge in replacement of a maxillary molar].

PMID- 6387861
TI  - [Pain-dysfunction syndrome of the masticatory system curiously relieved by
      carbamazepine (Tegretol)].

PMID- 6387862
TI  - [Prevention of endocarditis and dental treatment].

PMID- 6387863
TI  - [Fluoride-containing dentifrices].

PMID- 6387865
TI  - [Skin sutures and how to remove them].

PMID- 6387864
TI  - [Comparative study of scintillation and ultrasonography in the diagnosis of
      amebic liver abscesses].

PMID- 6387866
TI  - Metabolic basis for the pulmonary Clara cell as a target for pulmonary
      carcinogenesis.
AB  - The furan compound, 4-ipomeanol, is activated in lung tissue by cytochrome P-450
      dependent oxidation to a highly reactive, electrophilic product that binds
      covalently to tissue macromolecules. Although the reactive metabolite(s) of 4
      ipomeanol have not yet been definitively identified, recent studies with 3
      methylfuran have indicated that a highly reactive, unsaturated dialdehyde is
      formed from microsomal oxidation and ring-opening of the furan nucleus. Metabolic
      experiments with 4-ipomeanol in intact lungs, lung slices, lung cells, lung
      microsomes and purified lung cytochromes P-450, supported the conclusion that the
      Clara cell is an important locus of cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase activity in
      lung. In vivo, 4-ipomeanol was bound covalently and caused necrosis
      preferentially in the pulmonary Clara cells of laboratory animals. Similarly, N
      nitrosamines require metabolic activation mediated by the cytochrome P-450
      monooxygenase system in the host organism. A number of nitrosamines which are
      lung carcinogens in rats and hamsters have been shown to bind preferentially to
      bronchial and bronchiolar Clara cells in these species. Early pathological
      changes occurred specifically in Clara cells and lung tumors that developed under
      continuous nitrosamine treatment originated from such altered Clara cells. The
      well-differentiated counterparts of these tumors clearly retained their ability
      to bind the nitrosamine that had induced their formation. Thus, the studies on
      these two different classes of compounds together supported the view that
      metabolism may be a factor critical to the progenitor role of the Clara cell in
      chemically-induced bronchogenic lung cancer.

PMID- 6387867
TI  - Alzheimer's disease and senile brains: an immunofluorescence study.
AB  - The results obtained with direct immunofluorescence techniques on normal, senile
      and Alzheimer's disease brains are reported. The antisera used were directed
      against C3c, IgG (gamma chain), IgG Fc., kappa and lambda light chains and anti
      Ig (total). The brain samples were prepared in different ways: formalin-fixed and
      paraffin embedded; fresh frozen samples and alcohol fixed, paraffin-embedded
      samples. The images obtained with the different processing methods did not
      coincide. In order to obtain a more complete picture, we suggest the use of
      different methods on the same samples. In Alzheimer's disease brains, abundant
      but probably not monoclonal Ig antigenic determinants were found. Ig were found
      diffusely in the tissue, connected to amyloid (both in senile plaques and blood
      vessel walls), in glial cells and neurons. The significance of such data in
      relation to the genesis of brain amyloid are discussed.

PMID- 6387868
TI  - [Use of intravenous digital subtraction angiography in the preoperative diagnosis
      of hypophyseal tumors].
AB  - The authors report on examinations performed via intravenous digital subtraction
      angiography in 19 patients with tumours of the pituitary gland who had been
      subjected to transnasal/transethmoidal removal of the tumour. It is easy to
      verify the course of the internal carotid artery in the region of the sinus
      cavernosus and thus the measurable distance of the internal carotid artery from
      the median line, as well as displacements of horizontal segments of the anterior
      cerebral artery. It is possible to exclude aneurysms. Basing on these results,
      bilateral conventional angiography of the carotid artery can usually be omitted.
      In this manner, diagnostic risk can be significantly reduced.

PMID- 6387869
TI  - Sonographic and cholecystographic diagnosis of cholesterolosis of the
      gallbladder.
AB  - Cholesterolosis is difficult to detect preoperatively. Ultrasonography can reveal
      it as polypoid densities usually without shadows. Cholecystography reveals
      cholesterolosis as contrast medium defects attached to the gallbladder wall. In
      our material of 27 patients with cholesterolosis (operatively verified cases)
      ultrasonography was superior to cholecystography in detecting cholesterolosis.

PMID- 6387870
TI  - [Differential sonographic diagnosis. Pancreas (pseudo) cyst--choledochus cyst].
AB  - The case of a woman patient with an extended prepapillary choledochal cyst and
      pancreaticobiliary reflux shows that it is necessary to consider the possibility
      of a choledochal cyst on detecting a cystic structure in the head of the pancreas
      (condition after acute pancreatitis); besides this, differential diagnosis will
      have to consider a pancreatic pseudocyst, hydrops of the gallbladder, a
      retroperitoneal cyst or even vascular aneurysm. If necessary, the physician
      should take suitable diagnostic measures before performing any percutaneous cyst
      drainage which he may have planned, since this may entail the risk of biliary
      peritonitis.

PMID- 6387871
TI  - [Value of angiography, sonography and computer tomography in the differential
      diagnosis of renal space-occupying lesions].
AB  - 157 space-occupying lesions of the kidneys (89 cysts, 57 malignant tumours, 8
      benign tumours, 1 abscess, 1 non-traumatic bleeding and a special form of
      inflammation, namely, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis) which were observed in
      2 years, were evaluated, using angiography, ultrasound and computed tomography.
      If a space-occupying lesion is found--mostly by I.V. urography--ultrasound should
      be applied next for differentiating the cyst from the solid tumour. If this is
      not possible, or if a solid tumour is found, the next step should be computed
      tomography. (Staging of carcinoma, diagnosis of angiomyolipoma or another benign
      tumour, eg.. a lipoma). Angiography as an invasive procedure is indicated only in
      cases in which ultrasound and computed tomography don't yield a diagnosis.
      (Possibility of pharmacoangiography and magnification angiography).

PMID- 6387872
TI  - [Value of sonography, computer tomography, hepatobiliary scintigraphy and nuclear
      magnetic tomography in diseases of the gallbladder and bile ducts].
AB  - The effectiveness of ultrasound, computed tomography, hepatobiliary scintigraphy
      and nuclear magnetic resonance in diseases of the biliary tract is described.
      Ultrasound should be the first examination in clinical suspicion of
      cholelithiasis and has a higher accuracy than oral cholecystography. Computed
      tomography is very expensive and should be carried out in suspected gallbladder
      carcinoma, cholecystitis with abscess formation, tumour in the porta hepatis and
      pancreatic head and in sonographically unclear cases. Nuclear magnetic resonance
      can determine the ability of the gallbladder to concentrate bile. Ultrasound can
      distinguish with high accuracy between obstructive and inflammatory jaundice. In
      clinical suspicion of bile duct lesions an infusion cholangiogram must be carried
      out, if bilirubin is lower than 5 mg%; if bilirubin is higher, an ERC or PTC
      should be performed. If in biliary obstruction a suspicion of tumour in porta
      hepatis or head of the pancreas is present, computed tomography should be
      effected.

PMID- 6387873
TI  - Pathophysiological basis for the application of noradrenergic transmission
      blockade in the therapy of cerebral ischemic accidents.

PMID- 6387874
TI  - [Main contributions of Charcot and Pierre Marie to osteoarticular pathology].

PMID- 6387875
TI  - Hormonal influences upon the in vitro glucose uptake in the thymus of
      adrenalectomized rats.
AB  - The experiments carried out on male albino Wistar rats weighing 100 g show that
      following adrenalectomy the in vitro glucose uptake in the thymus may be
      influenced by a series of hormones. The inhibitory action of hydrocortisone upon
      this phenomenon is intensified, while desoxycorticosterone acetate brings the
      glucose uptake back to the level found in the normal rat's thymus. Insulin
      stimulates markedly the glucose consumption in the thymus, while in the glands of
      adrenalectomized rats it reduces the inhibitory effect of both hydrocortisone and
      desoxycorticosterone acetate.

PMID- 6387876
TI  - [Excision of ameloblastoma and reconstruction using a mandibular autologous
      graft].
AB  - Three patients with mandibular ameloblastomas were treated by hemimandibulectomy
      followed by immediate reconstruction by a single-block mandibular homograft
      prepared at a distance from the operating field and taken from the bone section
      removed after visual and radiologic control of total tumoral separation. This
      procedure is simpler and more economic, rapid and reliable that conventional
      reconstruction using rib or iliac homografts. It is indicated for those limited
      cases of ameloblastoma or benign bone tumors which, even though possessing
      similar prognoses by their site (coronal...) or their tendency for recurrence and
      thus requiring interruptive resection, are sufficiently small to ensure total
      tumor excision and the recovery of a sufficiently thick bone piece for an ideal
      homograft. The procedure is of particular interest in the elderly and/or
      debilitated patients, and may be useful after abusive hemimandibulectomy.

PMID- 6387877
TI  - [Cervico-facial suppuration of oro-dental origin due to Eikenella corrodens].
AB  - Several cases are reported of cervico-facial suppuration of buccodental origin,
      the infection being due to Eikenella corrodens, a facultative anaerobic germ that
      is difficult to culture. Conditions appropriate to the growth of these germs are
      discussed with respect to etiological, bacteriological and clinical factors.
      Therapy is outlined and a selective bibliography proposed.

PMID- 6387878
TI  - [Activity of dipeptidylpeptidase I, dipeptidylpeptidase II and cathepsin B in
      normal and atherosclerotic aortas and coronary arteries in the rabbit, minipig
      and man].

PMID- 6387879
TI  - [Study of bactericidal activity in patients with impaired immunity].

PMID- 6387880
TI  - Cells and cellular interactions in gingival crevice washings from patients with
      juvenile periodontitis.
AB  - The cells and the cellular interactions in the gingival crevices of three
      patients with juvenile periodontitis (JP), three patients with adult
      periodontitis (AP) and one healthy control were studied using light and scanning
      electron microscopy (SEM). The cells were collected by the washing method. The
      washings were either 1) fixed for 30 min in 2.5% glutaraldehyde (GA), or 2)
      cytocentrifuged onto a Melinex-polyester film and fixed in GA. On the films the
      cells of interest were identified and light photomicrographs were taken before
      processing for SEM. Four types of cellular interactions were seen in SEM: between
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and epithelial cells, between PMNs and
      bacteria, between PMNs and between bacteria. Based on morphologic and structural
      interpretation, the PMNs in the local lesion in JP seemed 1) to have a different
      morphology from the PMNs of AP lesions, 2) to be capable of ingesting bacteria,
      3) to accumulate in gingival pockets in numbers as high as in AP, and 4) to be
      overwhelmed by the challenge of bacteria and bacterial aggregates.

PMID- 6387881
TI  - Abnormally processed gastrins in active duodenal ulcer disease.
AB  - In contrast to healthy subjects, duodenal ulcer patients in the active phase
      contain large amounts of a peptide in serum and antrum which react with antiserum
      specific for the N-terminus, but not the C-terminus of gastrin-17. The
      immunochemical and chromatographic properties were similar to that of the N
      terminal tridecapeptide sequence of gastrin-17. The peptide follows the clinical
      course of duodenal ulcer disease, as it disappears when the ulcer heals. The N
      terminal tridecapeptide - lacking the bioactive tetrapeptide of gastrin-17 - is a
      potent inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, presumably by way of competitive
      antagonism to gastrin. It is suggested to participate in the regulation of
      gastric acid secretion in patients with active duodenal ulcer disease. To confirm
      the chemical structure of the peptide, antral and gastrinoma extracts were used
      for isolation, purification and amino acid analysis. We found two different
      peptides with the same N-terminus as gastrin-17, namely the previously known N
      terminal tridecapeptide fragment of gastrin-17 and a new gastrin component,
      identical with a C-terminal glycine extended gastrin-17. Furthermore, a C
      terminal glycine extended component, corresponding to each of the other molecular
      forms of gastrin were present. Thus, a variety of abnormally processed gastrins
      are synthesized and released to the circulation during the active period of
      duodenal ulcer disease.

PMID- 6387882
TI  - Measurement and occurrence of sulfated gastrins.
AB  - Sulfated gastrins resemble cholecystokinins (CCK) both structurally and
      functionally. They are less potent than CCK in stimulating gallbladder
      contraction and pancreatic enzyme secretion, but the plasma concentrations of
      sulfated gastrin are higher than those of CCK. Therefore, sulfated gastrins may
      contribute significantly to the endogenous CCK activity. The degree of sulfation
      of gastrin differs with the localization in the digestive tract. In the antrum
      and duodenum of normal subjects 45% of the gastrins are sulfated, as in serum. In
      contrast, the sulfation of gastrin is complete in the jejunum (human) and in the
      pancreas (rat and cat). Hence, the degree of sulfation of gastrin is similar to
      that of CCK in the jejunum. The degree of sulfation in antrum, duodenum and serum
      diminishes with hypergastrinemia, and is thus significantly lower in patients
      with gastric ulcer or pernicious anemia than in healthy subjects. In the
      Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, the degree of sulfation of gastrin varies greatly (20
      90%) and the distribution between small and large gastrins is equally variable.
      However, sulfation and proteolytic processing follows a parallel course; complete
      processing to smaller components is accompanied by complete sulfation of the
      peptide and vice versa. During ontogenesis sulfated gastrins may be of special
      importance, since they are the only sulfated members of the gastrin/CCK family of
      peptides which occur in substantial quantities in the early fetus. Tyrosine-O
      sulfation has now been recognized as a widespread modification, and sulfated
      tyrosyl residues in gastrin, CCK and leu-enkephalin are examples of a
      derivatization which can govern the biological activity of regulatory peptides.

PMID- 6387883
TI  - Renal haemodynamics and volume homeostasis in pregnancy.

PMID- 6387884
TI  - Fetal blood flow in pre-eclampsia.

PMID- 6387885
TI  - Renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone, catecholamines, prostaglandins and
      vasopressin. The importance of pressor and depressor factors for hypertension in
      pregnancy.

PMID- 6387886
TI  - The management of hypertension in pregnancy.

PMID- 6387887
TI  - The definition of pre-eclampsia.

PMID- 6387888
TI  - A placebo controlled trial of metoprolol in the treatment of hypertension in
      pregnancy.

PMID- 6387889
TI  - Delayed-type hypersensitivity after immunization with ultrasonicated
      Mycobacterium lepraemurium in C3H and C57BL mice.
AB  - Subcutaneous immunization with ultrasonicated Mycobacterium lepraemurium (MLMSon)
      in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) induced long-lasting skin reactivity with
      the kinetics of a tuberculin-type delayed hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction in both
      C3H and C57BL mice. The reactivity generally was stronger in C57BL than in C3H
      mice, and with increasing doses of MLMSon test antigen the local reaction
      increased more in C57BL than in C3H mice. Pretreatment of C3H mice with
      cyclophosphamide before immunization caused a shift in the dose-response curve so
      that the local reaction increased more with increasing doses of test antigen.
      Histological examination of the reaction elicited by MLMSon in immunized mice
      revealed a predominantly mononuclear cell infiltrate, and local reactivity could
      be transferred by immune cells but not by immune serum. The local reaction
      elicited by MLMSon exerted an adjuvant effect on the induction of DTH to sheep
      erythrocytes. Thus, MLMSon in IFA given subcutaneously induced stable DTH that
      conformed to the criteria for tuberculin-type DTH.

PMID- 6387890
TI  - Detection of tumour-associated transplantation antigens by syngeneic cytotoxic T
      lymphocytes after fusion of tumour cell membrane vesicles to recipient cells.
AB  - Sendai virus envelope-mediated fusion was used to transfer plasma membrane
      vesicles of ESb lymphoma cells (H-2d) to syngeneic or allogeneic recipient cells.
      After fusion, ESb-specific cell surface determinants were detectable on the
      recipient cells, as revealed by indirect immunofluorescence and cytofluorographic
      analysis. Fused cells were also tested as targets in 51Cr-release assays, using
      syngeneic DBA/2 anti-ESb- or anti-H-2d-specific T lymphocytes (CTL). Fused
      recipient cells became susceptible to lysis by both types of CTL, indicating that
      both tumour-specific and H-2d determinants were inserted on fusion. The
      experimental approach presented could be of help as an assay system for the
      molecular identification of tumour-specific transplantation antigens.

PMID- 6387892
TI  - Three-day therapy with cephalexin for lower urinary tract infections in children.
AB  - In a prospective study of children with an acute infection of the lower urinary
      tract, the effectiveness of a 3-day course of cephalexin, 25-50 mg/kg body weight
      and day was compared with that of a 10-day course of nitrofurantoin, 3-4
      mg/kg/day. 19 children were allotted to treatment with cephalexin and 24 were
      treated with nitrofurantoin. The immediate cure rates were 90% and 96%,
      respectively. Two relapses were noted in the cephalexin group and 1 in the
      nitrofurantoin group. During a mean follow-up period of 7-8 months 2 of the
      cephalexin treated patients and 4 patients treated with nitrofurantoin had a
      reinfection. No side effects were noted in either of the treatment groups. The
      results suggest that treatment with cephalexin for 3 days is a reasonable
      alternative in children with an acute lower urinary tract infection when commonly
      used medications for one reason or another are less well tolerated.

PMID- 6387891
TI  - Secretory otitis media: microbiology of the middle ear and the nasopharynx.
AB  - Specimens for bacterial culture were obtained from 117 children with secretory
      otitis media (SOM). From the nasopharynx Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus
      influenzae, Branhamella catarrhalis and group A streptococci were isolated in 79%
      of the patients. Of 168 ear exudates, 30 yielded growth (18%) from 26 of the
      patients (22%). Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides could not be detected in
      exudates assayed by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. The recovery rate of bacteria
      from the ear exudates was significantly higher in patients with positive than
      with negative nasopharyngeal culture (p less than 0.05). The nasopharyngeal
      pathogens invading the middle ear in SOM seem to survive there for a period of
      time and are then replaced by other strains according to the fluctuation of the
      nasopharyngeal flora where approximately 40% of the strains were eliminated and
      replaced by other strains over a period of 12 to 13 days.

PMID- 6387893
TI  - Necrotizing fasciitis caused by Salmonella enteritidis.
AB  - A 76-yr-old man developed necrotizing fasciitis due to Salmonella enteritidis 1
      month after an episode of gastroenteritis due to the same microorganism. The fact
      that S. enteritidis was the only organism isolated despite adequate anaerobic
      cultures confirm the ability of salmonellae to produce severe monomicrobial soft
      tissue infections.

PMID- 6387894
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in elderly patients and young volunteers.
AB  - When given 2 g ceftazidime intravenously a group of 13 acutely ill but renally
      healthy, elderly patients demonstrated prolonged terminal half-life, increased
      area under the curve and reduced total and renal clearance compared to 9 young,
      healthy, male volunteers. The volume of distribution was enlarged in elderly
      males. Ceftazidime elimination correlated to renal function. Dosage twice daily
      for one week did not result in any clinically significant accumulation.

PMID- 6387895
TI  - Biochemical studies in calcium oxalate stone formers, with special reference to
      the effects of thiazide treatment.

PMID- 6387896
TI  - Immunological effects of diethylstilbestrol and estramustine phosphate.

PMID- 6387897
TI  - Abdominal ultrasonic scanning versus lymphangiography in testicular cancer.
AB  - Abdominal ultrasonic scanning was compared to lymphangiography and intravenous
      urography in 50 patients with testicular cancer. In 25 lymphangiographic stage I
      patients, the ultrasonic scanning was normal in all cases, too. In 5 out of 25
      lymphangiographic stage II patients, the ultrasonic examination demonstrated a
      wider extension of the retroperitoneal metastases than combined lymphangiography
      and urography. The ultrasonically demonstrated masses were proven to contain
      malignant cells through an ultrasonically-guided fine-needle puncture in all 5
      cases. Sufficient planning of the radiation ports would not have been possible in
      these patients without the additional ultrasonic scanning. In monitoring of the
      therapeutic response, ultrasonic scanning was found superior to lymphangiography.

PMID- 6387898
TI  - Renal transplant wound infection: the value of prophylactic antibiotic treatment.
AB  - The incidence of wound infection after 310 renal transplant operations was
      examined. Among the 78 recipients not given prophylactic antibiotic therapy
      infection of the transplant wound occurred in 25.6%. Among the 232 patients given
      prophylactic therapy, with narrow-spectrum antibiotic (cloxacillin), wound
      infection occurred in only 7.8%. This statistically significant difference in
      incidence was ascribed to a less frequent occurrence of staphylococcal wound
      infection in the group of patients receiving antibiotic therapy than in the group
      not so treated. The presence of wound haematoma, which increased the risk of
      wound infection, was the only factor predisposing to such infection in this
      patient series.

PMID- 6387899
TI  - [Infection in intensive care medicine: predisposition, pathogenesis and
      diagnosis].
AB  - Intensive care unit patients are a group with an increased risk for the
      development of septicemia. The combination of illness (trauma, burn, surgery,
      metabolic coma etc.) and iatrogenic factors (foreign bodies, ventilation, drugs
      etc.) make them more susceptible to severe infections. Rapid diagnosis of
      septicemia is important, since the prognosis is dependent on rapid treatment.
      Sedation and ventilation may mask the primary symptoms of septicemia, and in
      these cases the condition is not diagnosed until signs of complications (shock,
      disseminated intravascular coagulation, multiple organ failure) appear. Aside
      from clinical observation and laboratory results, hemodynamic symptoms may be
      indicative of septicemia. In the presence of septic signs, blood, tracheal
      secretion, urine etc. must be cultivated without delay, before starting empirical
      treatment. Surveillance cultures may make for more appropriate initial treatment,
      though they pose the problem of differentiation between colonization and
      infection.

PMID- 6387900
TI  - [Educating the asthmatic patient].
AB  - Education of the asthmatic patient by an appropriate program is an important tool
      in achieving optimal management. The program should include not only lectures on
      the physiopathology and treatment of asthma, but also self-management skills
      through a behavioural approach to the disease. The education program aims to
      assist the patient in preventing symptoms and coping with asthma attacks.

PMID- 6387901
TI  - [Sphenoid sinusitis and panhypopituitarism].
AB  - The case is reported of a patient who presented with panhypopituitarism
      simultaneously with sphenoid sinusitis due to Aspergillus fumigatus. Despite the
      absence of radiologically demonstrable suprasellar or intrasellar lesions, and
      without visible bone destruction, the authors conclude on the possibility of a
      pituitary lesion by contiguity. The pathogenic mechanisms are discussed.

PMID- 6387902
TI  - [Current status of allogenic bone marrow transplantation in chronic myelocytic
      leukemia].
AB  - Bone marrow transplants were carried out in 18 patients with chronic myelogenous
      leukemia (CML) in the chronic phase (CP). 12 (67%) are still alive, 11 without
      evidence of leukemia after a mean observation period of 24 (3-44) months, 1
      relapsed and 6 died. The most frequent cause of death was GvHD and interstitial
      pneumonia (5). 1 patient died of septicemia. 2 grafts were performed in patients
      with CML in the accelerated phase (AP); both died, one from leukemic relapse and
      one from GvHD. The authors also participated in an international study in which
      117 patients were evaluated. In CP there was a survival plateau at 63%, in AP at
      36% and in blastic crisis at 12%. In CP mortality was primarily age-dependent and
      relapses occurred in only 7%. It is concluded that bone marrow transplantation
      (BMT) is a highly successful treatment for CML, with the CP the optimum moment
      for grafting. Longlasting cytogenetic and clinical remissions with potential for
      cure are possible in a high percentage of patients. The incidence of transplant
      related mortality is acceptable. The incidence of leukemic relapse is low in CP.
      Patients under age 40 with HLA-identical siblings should be transplanted in CP.
      At present BMT is the only treatment with curative potential for CML.

PMID- 6387903
TI  - [Current experience with the ITI double hollow cylinder implant type K.
      Internationales Team fur orale Implantologie].

PMID- 6387904
TI  - [Malignant melanoma of the oral mucosa--review and case report].

PMID- 6387905
TI  - [Emile Magitot (1843-1897)--a biography].

PMID- 6387906
TI  - Effect of one or three applications of amine fluoride gel on the in vitro
      fluoride concentration of human enamel.

PMID- 6387907
TI  - [Semisynthesis of human insulin from porcine insulin catalyzed by
      carboxypeptidase Y].

PMID- 6387908
TI  - Estrogen-dependent Leydig cell protein recognized by monoclonal antibody to MCF-7
      cell line.
AB  - A protein (27,000 molecular weight) was previously found in rat Leydig cells
      after treatment with estradiol (E2) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in
      vitro. The effect of hCG occurred through increased E2 production. This hormone
      regulated rat testicular protein was compared to an estrogen-regulated protein of
      similar physical characteristics isolated from a human mammary cancer cell line
      (MCF-7) and present in normal human estrogen target organs. The Leydig cells from
      rat and human tissue showed specific immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase
      staining in the cytoplasm upon incubation with a monoclonal antibody (C11) to the
      estrogen-regulated protein from MCF-7 cells. Leydig cells after exposure to E2 or
      hCG showed the highest fluorescence intensity; this intensity was reduced by
      treatment with Tamoxifen. No reaction was associated with other testicular cells.
      The estrogen-regulated protein from human cell lines is therefore immunologically
      similar to that from the rat Leydig cell. The monoclonal antibody should be
      useful for further characterization of the Leydig cell protein.

PMID- 6387909
TI  - VA study of twins may be canceled.

PMID- 6387910
TI  - Disulfide bond engineered into T4 lysozyme: stabilization of the protein toward
      thermal inactivation.
AB  - By recombinant DNA techniques, a disulfide bond was introduced at a specific site
      in T4 lysozyme, a disulfide-free enzyme. This derivative retained full enzymatic
      activity and was more stable toward thermal inactivation than the wild-type
      protein. The derivative, T4 lysozyme (Ile3----Cys), was prepared by substituting
      a Cys codon for an Ile codon at position 3 in the cloned lysozyme gene by means
      of oligonucleotide-dependent, site-directed mutagenesis. The new gene was
      expressed in Escherichia coli under control of the (trp-lac) hybrid tac promoter,
      and the protein was purified. Mild oxidation generated a disulfide bond between
      the new Cys3 and Cys97, one of the two unpaired cysteines of the native molecule.
      Oxidized T4 lysozyme (Ile3----Cys) exhibited specific activity identical to that
      of the wild-type enzyme when measured at 20 degrees C in a cell-clearing assay.
      The cross-linked protein was more stable than the wild type during incubation at
      elevated temperatures as determined by recovered enzymatic activity at 20 degrees
      C.

PMID- 6387911
TI  - Shiga-like toxin-converting phages from Escherichia coli strains that cause
      hemorrhagic colitis or infantile diarrhea.
AB  - Escherichia coli K-12 acquired the ability to produce a high titer of Shiga-like
      toxin after lysogenization by either of two different bacteriophages isolated
      from a highly toxinogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain that causes hemorrhagic
      colitis. One of these phages and another Shiga-like toxin-converting phage from
      an Escherichia coli O26 isolate associated with infantile diarrhea were closely
      related in terms of morphology, virion polypeptides, DNA restriction fragments,
      lysogenic immunity, and heat stability, although a difference in host range was
      noted. These phages are currently the best-characterized representatives from a
      broader family of Shiga-like toxin-converting phages.

PMID- 6387912
TI  - Molecular weight determinations of proteins by californium plasma desorption mass
      spectrometry.
AB  - The plasma desorption mass spectrometry method is used to determine the molecular
      weights of larger molecules than before, to determine the molecular weights of
      proteins and peptides in mixtures, and to monitor protein modification reactions.
      Proteins up to molecular weight 25,000 can now be studied with a mass
      spectrometric technique. Protein-peptide mixtures that could not be resolved with
      conventional techniques were successfully analyzed by this technique. The
      precision of the method is good enough to permit one to follow the different
      steps in the conversion of porcine insulin to human insulin.

PMID- 6387913
TI  - Cigarette craving, smoking withdrawal, and clonidine.
AB  - Clonidine, an alpha-2-adrenergic agonist, significantly reduces opiate
      withdrawal. Fifteen heavy smokers abstained from cigarettes on three separate
      occasions and received instead clonidine, placebo, or the benzodiazepine
      alprazolam. Clonidine and alprazolam diminished withdrawal symptoms. The two
      drugs suppressed anxiety, tension, irritability, and restlessness equally but
      clonidine had a greater effect than alprazolam on cigarette craving. These
      observations suggest that noradrenergic activity is a common feature in the
      pathophysiology of withdrawal and that a special relationship exists between
      central noradrenergic activity and craving.

PMID- 6387914
TI  - The 1984 Nobel Prize in medicine.

PMID- 6387915
TI  - Value of bone scanning in neoplastic disease.
AB  - This article reviews recent literature on a variety of primary and secondary bone
      tumors in an attempt to indicate the use of bone scans in the peri- and
      posttreatment phases. The data indicate that the yields and value of bone scans
      are tumor specific and that for some tumors (particularly breast and prostate)
      interpretation of studies on patients undergoing hormonal or chemotherapy can be
      complicated by the "flare phenomenon." Data are still needed on the rate of
      development of bone metastases in the follow-up period on a stage-specific and
      therapy-specific basis.

PMID- 6387916
TI  - Positron emission tomography in the study of human tumors.
AB  - To increase our understanding of cancer and improve cancer treatment on a
      rational basis we need to identify both qualitative and quantitative differences
      between normal and neoplastic tissue. The multimodality approach to cancer
      treatment includes radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hyperthermia, and immunotherapy.
      Most of the data on which we base our therapeutic strategies have been derived
      from in vitro studies or animal tumor models. More information is required on the
      physiology of in vivo human tumors and their response to therapy. Positron
      emission tomography allows the regional tissue concentration of a positron
      emitting radionuclide to be measured in absolute units. If valid tracer models
      can be formulated that accurately describe the fate of an administered
      "biological" tracer then the physiological process under investigation can be
      measured quantitatively. The sequential inhalation of C15O2, 15O2, and 11CO
      allows regional tissue blood flow, oxygen utilization and blood volume to be
      measured in absolute units. Tissue perfusion, a measure of nutrient (eg, oxygen)
      supply, drug delivery, or a means of heat dissipation, is of immense importance
      to oncologists. The oxygen-15 technique has been used not only to study regional
      blood flow and oxygen utilization in both tumor and normal tissue but also their
      response to therapeutic intervention. In those studies were tracer models are
      thought to be less than complete (eg, due to insufficient biological data) then
      only a semiquantitative or qualitative assessment of the pathophysiological state
      may be possible. In this respect, tumor function has been characterized by the
      rate of uptake of 18F-2-deoxyglucose. This technique has provided a means of
      tumor grading and differentiating between radiation-induced tissue necrosis and
      tumor recurrence. Metabolic imaging with labeled amino acids appears particularly
      useful in the delineation of tumor extent. Blood brain barrier integrity and the
      pharmacokinetics of cytotoxic drugs have also been studied quantitatively. In the
      future, receptor studies are likely to play an increasing role. In this review
      dealing with the positron emission tomography oncologic work to date, emphasis
      has been placed on the physiological information obtainable and how it may
      further our understanding of cancer and its treatment.

PMID- 6387917
TI  - Photopenic defect within transplanted kidney.

PMID- 6387918
TI  - Cellular events in the differentiation of antibody-secreting cells.

PMID- 6387919
TI  - Phenotypic and functional properties of mouse and human thymocytes.

PMID- 6387920
TI  - The human Ia system: an overview.

PMID- 6387921
TI  - Lymphocyte markers in human leukemias and lymphomas: methodologic remarks.

PMID- 6387922
TI  - Causes of preterm delivery.
AB  - Although major advances have been made in both obstetric care of the high-risk
      patient and in neonatal care, prematurity and its consequences remain the major
      contributor to perinatal mortality. The identification of maternal or obstetric
      risk factors associated with preterm delivery has enhanced our ability to provide
      special obstetric care to gravidas at increased risk. The selective management of
      patients at increased risk for preterm delivery may ultimately reduce the
      incidence of preterm births. Maternal genital infections are also associated with
      preterm delivery. Further research is needed to explore the pathogenesis of
      preterm delivery associated with genital infections, since infections may
      represent a potentially preventable cause of prematurity.

PMID- 6387923
TI  - Surfactant kinetics.

PMID- 6387924
TI  - Exogenous surfactant therapy in hyaline membrane disease.
AB  - Exogenous surfactant therapy appears to offer promise in the treatment and
      possible prevention of HMD. Laboratory investigations have begun to reveal the
      molecular basis for surfactant metabolism and the relationship of this complex
      process to alveolar stability and pulmonary function. There is every reason to
      encourage clinical investigation with surfactant therapy in parallel with further
      basic research. Nevertheless, pediatricians must proceed in small steps with
      carefully designed studies to address specific questions regarding both efficacy
      and toxicity. Results from various studies must be shared and discussed and every
      attempt must be made to eventually provide standardized, readily available
      preparations of known efficacy and toxicity. Efforts by many investigators make
      it seem probable that this goal will be achieved in the near future.

PMID- 6387925
TI  - The role of the patent ductus arteriosus in respiratory distress syndrome.

PMID- 6387926
TI  - Surface active material: influence of lung distension and mechanical ventilation
      on secretion.

PMID- 6387927
TI  - Ultrasound in upper abdominal trauma.

PMID- 6387928
TI  - Scintigraphy in upper abdominal trauma.

PMID- 6387929
TI  - Anaerobes and exposure to oxygen.

PMID- 6387930
TI  - Stress of unbalanced growth and starvation in micro-organisms.

PMID- 6387931
TI  - Injury and repair mechanisms in bacterial spores.

PMID- 6387932
TI  - Damage to bacterial spores by combined treatments and possible revival and repair
      processes.

PMID- 6387933
TI  - Detection and enumeration of injured bacterial spores in processed foods.
AB  - Injury of bacterial spores is manifested in ways similar to those for vegetative
      cells, i.e. altered nutritional requirements, increased sensitivity to inhibitors
      and modified optimum temperatures. However, injury in spores may involve
      activation, germination and/or outgrowth systems, in addition to the vegetative
      growth processes. Food processes in the form of heat, acid, inhibitors,
      preservatives, low water activity and combinations of these factors can stress
      spores. Consequently, detection and enumeration methods designed to recover
      bacterial spores from processed foods must always consider the requirements of
      injured spores. Injury to germination systems has been circumvented through the
      addition of non-nutritive agents, such as lysozyme, to recovery media, or by
      incubation at an alternative temperature which favours a secondary germination
      system. A shift in temperature has also permitted repair of damaged outgrowth
      systems. Addition of materials such as starch and charcoal can reduce the
      sensitivity of injured spores to some inhibitors. Our current research on
      hypochlorite injury of Cl. botulinum, differing injury responses for B. cereus in
      rice and TSB, and injury of B. cereus earlier in the heating process at 85
      degrees C than at 90 degrees C indicate a need for more information on the injury
      of spores in processed foods.

PMID- 6387934
TI  - Biological indicators and sterilization processes.

PMID- 6387935
TI  - Injury and repair of yeasts and moulds.
AB  - Most information pertaining to injury and repair of micro-organisms has
      accumulated as a result of investigations on bacteria. Recently, however,
      increased attention has been focused on the effect of sublethal stress on the
      behaviour of yeasts and moulds and the available data indicate that a wide range
      of physiological and morphological types of these organisms are subject to injury
      upon exposure to adverse environmental conditions. Such cells require optimum
      recovery conditions if repair and eventual cell germination and/or division are
      to occur. Consequently, knowledge of the susceptibility of yeasts and moulds to
      sublethal injury enables researchers to select enumeration procedures which will
      adequately resuscitate cells and thereby give more accurate estimations of the
      mycological quality of foods.

PMID- 6387936
TI  - Effect of sample handling on microbial limits laid down in standards.

PMID- 6387937
TI  - Harmful effects of selective media on stressed micro-organisms: nature and
      remedies.

PMID- 6387938
TI  - Lethal and sublethal effects of refrigeration, freezing and freeze-drying on
      micro-organisms.

PMID- 6387939
TI  - Revival of vegetative bacteria after sublethal heating.

PMID- 6387940
TI  - [The profession of psychiatric nursing: the burden of its past].

PMID- 6387941
TI  - Incidental lesions discovered on intravenous digital subtraction angiography.
AB  - Recognition of the clinically significant incidental lesion has always been a
      challenge to the diagnostic radiologist. We present a series of such lesions
      discovered in patients undergoing intravenous digital subtraction angiography
      (DSA). The increasingly widespread use of DSA and the subsequent large numbers of
      patients involved will no doubt result in a substantial number of cases of this
      type.

PMID- 6387943
TI  - [History of the "Oath of the Soviet physician"].

PMID- 6387942
TI  - Botryomycosis caused by Serratia marcescens.
AB  - We have reported a case of lymph node botryomycosis caused by Serratia
      marcescens, which has not been listed previously as an etiologic agent.

PMID- 6387944
TI  - [Interscapular-thoracic resection in tumors of the scapula and proximal part of
      the humerus].

PMID- 6387945
TI  - [Homeokinetic changes in food poisoning].

PMID- 6387946
TI  - [Gastric manifestations of the side effects of drugs].

PMID- 6387947
TI  - [Dystopic pancreas in the gastric and duodenal wall].

PMID- 6387948
TI  - [Chronic insulin overdose syndrome in children (Somogyi syndrome)].

PMID- 6387949
TI  - [Echovirus infections].

PMID- 6387950
TI  - [A method of ultrasonic scanning in oncology].

PMID- 6387951
TI  - The menisci of the lumbar zygapophyseal joints. A review of their anatomy and
      clinical significance.
AB  - The literature describing menisci in the lumbar zygapophyseal joints is reviewed.
      The only true menisci in these joints are rudimentary fibrous invaginations of
      the dorsal and ventral capsule. So-called menisci at the superior and inferior
      poles of the joint are basically fat-filled synovial reflections, some of which
      contain dense fibrous tissue, which probably arises as a result of mechanical
      stress. The theory of meniscus entrapment is appraised, but is considered to have
      been an overstated cause of those forms of "acute locked back" that responds to
      manipulation.

PMID- 6387952
TI  - Chymopapain for herniated intervertebral disc. A methodologic analysis and an
      agenda for future research.
AB  - Chymopapain recently has won approval in the United States for use in
      chemonucleolysis of herniated intervertebral discs. New research findings will be
      emerging, but clinicians need criteria by which to assess new results, to
      evaluate the existing literature, and to strengthen future investigation. Twenty
      six original articles on chemonucleolysis were reviewed according to nine
      criteria of validity and applicability. Common threats to validity were failure
      to use randomized controls, make blind outcome assessments, assure equal co
      treatments, and to calculate statistical power when results were negative.
      Threats to applicability included wide variations and incomplete reporting of
      patient selection, procedure technique, and many relevant outcomes. Methods for
      improving these design features are suggested, and a basic study design is
      proposed for comparing chemonucleolysis with both surgical and conservative
      management techniques.

PMID- 6387953
TI  - Chymodiactin postmarketing surveillance. Demographic and adverse experience data
      in 29,075 patients.
AB  - Postmarketing surveillance data on 29,075 patients who received Chymodiactin
      (Smith Laboratories' formulation of chymopapain) intradiscal injections for a
      herniated lumbar intervertebral disc are summarized and tabulated. The serious
      adverse reactions reported include death, anaphylaxis, paraplegia, and discitis.
      Similar problems also have been reported for Discase (Baxter-Travenol's
      formulation of chymopapain). Of 11 deaths reported following Chymodiactin
      administration, only 3 appear to be related to the drug or procedure. Two of
      these three were due to anaphylaxis and the third to bacterial discitis with
      resultant meningitis. Paraplegia appeared to be primarily due to needle trauma or
      injection of contrast agent and enzyme into the subarachnoid space. Careful
      patient selection and needle placement are essential for avoiding serious
      problems.

PMID- 6387954
TI  - The role of stabilization in the treatment of cervical spine injuries.
AB  - This presentation started with the assumption that our patient needs a cervical
      spine operation. Attention has been focused on the questions of which operation
      is needed and why. Most operations substitute one abnormal situation for another.
      The second abnormal situation must be beneficial to the patient. It was suggested
      that we think about the concept of immediate postoperative stability and the
      methods of achieving it when needed. When decompressions are indicated, we should
      determine as precisely as possible where the pressure is and what surgical
      procedure is the best to relieve it. We have suggested that allographs may be as
      good or in some ways better than autographs. The validity of the statement that
      bone grafts under tension will be absorbed has been questioned. We have suggested
      that the maturation of a bone graft can be staged and the patient managed
      accordingly. The discussion included an analysis of the advantages and
      disadvantages of some of the surgical constructions that are employed into the
      occipital-atalantoaxial complex. The importance of preserving motion in this
      joint as much as is compatible with a solution of the clinical problem was
      indicated. We suggested the use of the halo applied preoperatively and maintained
      through surgery in order to have safe, thorough control for the highly unstable
      situations in the upper cervical spine. In the lower cervical spine the selection
      of procedures that do not add to already existing instability was emphasized.
      Opinion was submitted about the relative immediate postoperative stability of the
      various anterior and posterior procedures in the lower cervical spine. We
      submitted some ideas about the principles of the use of methylmethacrylate in
      cervical spine surgery. Specific details of the surgical procedures were
      discussed when needed and illustrative case reports were included, when they were
      thought to be helpful.

PMID- 6387956
TI  - [Prostacyclins and arteriosclerosis].

PMID- 6387955
TI  - Timing of operative care in cervical spinal cord injury.
AB  - The emphasis of this review has been on bone pathology and not on neurologic
      syndromes. We have not discussed those rare conditions in which the neurologic
      deficit progresses after injury and past authors have recommended decompressive
      procedures. When neurologic deficits do increase, we think this is more often an
      indication for further diagnostic studies to see if the alignment is proper, to
      rule out further compression, or increase medical support if the cardiovascular
      status has deteriorated. When there has been a dramatic and sudden worsening of
      the neurologic deficit, as occurs in 3% of patients after the initial injury, the
      most common etiologic factor has been vascular insufficiency and further
      infarction of an already damaged cord. This has been substantiated by repeated
      diagnostic studies without compressive pathology and two pathologic specimens to
      support our opinion. Strict attention to the guidelines of care for spinal cord
      injury (1. immobilization; 2. general medical support; 3. alignment; 4.
      diagnostic procedures; 5. decompression only when necessary; 6. stabilization
      only when required) should achieve the best possible results when appropriately
      individualized for particular patients.

PMID- 6387957
TI  - [Additional terminology in medieval Serbian medicine].

PMID- 6387958
TI  - [From the history of surgery in Bratislava. Prof. Kostlivy and the beginnings of
      the Surgery Clinic at the Comenius University Medical School in Bratislava].

PMID- 6387959
TI  - Insulin response to oral glucose in young, non-obese Indian males with myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were estimated during an oral glucose
      tolerance test (OGTT) in a group of 25 young (less than 40 years), non-obese
      Indian males 6-12 months after an episode of acute myocardial infarction and in
      25 age- and sex-matched controls. All the subjects in both groups had a normal
      response to the OGTT according to the 1980 World Health Organization criteria.
      Glucose values during the OGTT and the mean plasma insulin response were
      significantly higher in the patients who had had a myocardial infarction.
      However, there was no significant difference in the insulinogenic indices. These
      findings indicate that Indian patients with myocardial infarction have
      aberrations in carbohydrate metabolism which manifest as higher glucose values
      during an OGTT and that the stimulated hyperinsulinism is secondary to these
      raised glucose levels.

PMID- 6387960
TI  - The hypertensive response to naloxone--a commentary.

PMID- 6387961
TI  - Cyclosporin A in the management of patients with heart transplants. Initial
      experience at Groote Schuur Hospital.
AB  - During the year February 1983 - February 1984 10 patients received
      immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporin A (CYA) and methylprednisolone (MP)
      after either heterotopic or orthotopic heart transplantation. Two of these
      patients were undergoing severe acute rejection episodes (intractable to
      conventional immunosuppressive therapy) when CYA administration was initiated;
      both episodes were reversed and neither patient suffered further rejection. The
      remaining 8 patients received CYA from the time of transplantation. Two patients
      died 7 and 9 days postoperatively from multi-organ failure; in retrospect,
      excessively high dosages of CYA were administered, resulting in very high blood
      levels of the drug, which may have contributed to renal failure. One patient died
      (while living abroad) of a possible septicaemia 8 months after transplantation,
      having otherwise done well. Seven patients remain alive and active 3 1/2 - 15
      months after operation. The incidence of both severe acute rejection episodes and
      life-threatening infection would appear to be lower in patients receiving CYA and
      MP when compared with earlier patients at our institution who received
      conventional immunosuppression. Frequent monitoring of whole-blood levels of CYA
      is necessary to ensure that the nephrotoxic effect of the drug is minimized.

PMID- 6387962
TI  - [Parameters of ovulation in spontaneous ovulatory cycles].
AB  - The parameters of ovulation used at the infertility clinic of Tygerberg Hospital
      were evaluated in 45 spontaneously ovulating women. The mean maximum preovulatory
      serum oestradiol level was 1 274 pmol/l with a standard deviation of 432 pmol/l
      and an average daily increase of 245 pmol/l over the last 3 preovulatory days.
      Normal values were identified for a cervical mucus scoring system similar to the
      Insler system. The mean midluteal serum progesterone value was 25,5 nmol/l with a
      standard deviation of 7,5 nmol/l. Ultrasound examinations of the ovaries to
      diagnose ovulation were used for the first time in Tygerberg Hospital; the
      average of maximum diameters in three dimensions was used to measure follicles.
      The average daily pre-ovulatory growth rate was 2,3 mm and the maximum follicle
      size 20,5 mm with a standard deviation of 2,3 mm. The most common ultrasonic
      signs of ovulation were reduction in follicle size, development of irregular
      borders and intrafollicular echoes. In 5 patients endometrial histological dating
      lagged more than 2 days behind ultrasonic signs of ovulation. These were
      considered cases of luteal phase insufficiency. The maximum pre-ovulatory serum
      oestradiol levels were statistically significantly lower in these cases.

PMID- 6387963
TI  - Fetal ascites. A report of 6 cases.
AB  - Six cases of fetal ascites are described. The condition was associated with bowel
      perforation, congenital heart disease, cardiopulmonary hypoplasia and syphilis,
      and syphilis alone; there was no identifiable cause in 1 case. All the infants
      died.

PMID- 6387964
TI  - Hydranencephaly--antenatal diagnosis using ultrasound.

PMID- 6387965
TI  - Effects of hydrochlorothiazide plus sotalol on acute urinary electrolyte
      excretion in normal subjects.
AB  - Twenty-four-hour urinary outputs, total volume and urinary chlorine (Cl), sodium
      (Na), potassium (K), calcium, magnesium (Mg), total inorganic phosphate and
      creatinine levels were measured in 12 biologically equivalent healthy volunteers
      given single oral doses of placebo, hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 50 mg and a
      combination of HCTZ and sotalol (STL) 320 mg in a double-blind, random study.
      HCTZ and HCTZ + STL increased urinary volume and Na, K, Cl, phosphate and Mg
      levels significantly and to a similar extent. Since HCTZ causes hyperkaliuresis
      and hypermagnesiuresis with or without simultaneous administration of STL, the
      latter does not change the acute effects of HCTZ in healthy subjects.

PMID- 6387966
TI  - A dose-finding study of the combination of pindolol, clopamide and endralazine in
      the treatment of moderate-to-severe hypertension.
AB  - This study compared the efficacy of a beta-blocker, pindolol, and a diuretic,
      clopamide, plus a vasodilator, endralazine, in the treatment of 30 patients
      suffering from moderate-to-severe hypertension. Different doses of endralazine
      were tested. This study showed that hypertension was controlled in 76,7% of
      patients receiving a combination of pindolol 10 mg and clopamide 5 mg (Viskaldix;
      Sandoz) plus endralazine 5 mg, and in 90% it was controlled by a combination of
      pindolol 10 mg, clopamide 5 mg and endralazine 10 mg daily. In 3 patients it was
      necessary to give pindolol 10 mg, clopamide 5 mg and endralazine 10 mg twice
      daily. Side-effects occurred in 5 patients, but they were not sufficiently severe
      for discontinuation of the therapy. There was no difference as regards the blood
      pressure response in the 15 Black and 15 Indian patients. Tolerance over a period
      of 14 weeks did not occur. Results of this study suggest that a fixed drug
      combination of pindolol 10 mg, clopamide 5 mg and endralazine 10 mg once daily
      could control blood pressure in about 90% of patients suffering from moderate-to
      severe hypertension.

PMID- 6387967
TI  - Fournier's gangrene.
AB  - Over a 5-year period 43 men with severe classic Fournier's gangrene of the
      scrotum and perineum and in some cases of the abdominal wall were treated at King
      Edward VIII Hospital, Durban. There were 8 deaths, an overall mortality rate of
      18,6%. The mortality rate was high (33%) when associated with diabetes mellitus
      and lower (14,7%) among non-diabetic patients. There was also an increased
      mortality rate when there was a delay in presentation (of over 6 days in the case
      of all the patients who later died). We have adopted a policy of aggressive
      surgical debridement and frequent revision, coupled with the use of broad
      spectrum antibiotics.

PMID- 6387968
TI  - The role of hexoprenaline in suprapubic amniocentesis during late pregnancy. A
      pilot study.
AB  - Suprapubic amniocentesis is often complicated by the fetal head being fixed in
      the pelvis, oligohydramnios or a hyperirritable myometrium. These factors limit
      the success rate associated with the procedure. If the myometrium is relaxed with
      a beta 2-stimulant, a higher success rate may be achieved. This was investigated
      in a randomized, prospective, double-blind pilot study using hexoprenaline. When
      four- or five-fifths of the fetal head was palpable above the pelvis,
      hexoprenaline (17 amniocenteses) showed no advantage over a placebo (16
      amniocenteses). However, when three-fifths or less of the fetal head was palpable
      above the brim, 4 dry taps were obtained in the control group using a placebo (17
      amniocenteses), while none occurred in the study group (19 amniocenteses) (P less
      than 0,05). Elevation of the fetal head was less difficult in the study group,
      but this difference was not statistically significant. These results suggest that
      hexoprenaline is not indicated for routine use during amniocentesis. When a dry
      tap is obtained or when marked difficulty is encountered in lifting the fetal
      head from the pelvis, 10 micrograms hexoprenaline administered intravenously 5
      minutes before amniocentesis appears to facilitate successful completion of the
      procedure. However, a larger series is necessary to confirm this observation.

PMID- 6387969
TI  - A mission doctor's experiences in West Africa.
AB  - The hardships and rewards of a medical missionary's life in a primitive part of
      Northern Nigeria in the 1940s and 1950s are in themselves an article of faith.

PMID- 6387970
TI  - Hydatid cyst of the pancreatic tail. A case report.
AB  - A case of calcified hydatid cyst of the pancreatic tail is presented. The
      ultrasonographic and computed tomographic features of the lesion suggested the
      presence of a cystadenoma or a calcified hydatid cyst. Computed tomography proved
      the most useful investigation and accurately localized the lesion. A distal
      pancreatectomy and splenectomy were performed because on the basis of the results
      of pre-operative investigations and macroscopic operative findings, carcinoma of
      the pancreatic tail could not be ruled out with certainty. The patient made an
      uneventful recovery.

PMID- 6387971
TI  - [Removable denture for the patient with decreased occlusal vertical dimension].

PMID- 6387972
TI  - [Malocclusion in the deciduous dentition].

PMID- 6387973
TI  - [Skeletal and discrepancy factors in malocclusion].

PMID- 6387974
TI  - [Problems of malocclusion in adults].

PMID- 6387975
TI  - [Miscellaneous records of medico-dental and pharmacological history. 54.
      Illustrated book of surgical training (1767) No. 4].

PMID- 6387976
TI  - Circulating immune complexes in sera of patients with gynecologic disorders.
AB  - Sera from 211 women seen in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the
      New York Hospital were assayed for CIC by the Raji cell enzyme linked
      immunosorbent assay. Only 9 per cent of healthy women (two of 21), 6 per cent of
      pregnant women (two of 34), 2 per cent of women with benign tumors (one of 39)
      and 5 per cent of women with vaginal and cervical infection (two of 37) had
      detectable CIC. CIC was present in low concentrations when it was found. In
      marked contrast, 80 per cent of the patients with Condylomata acuminatum
      infection (eight of ten), 46 per cent with acute salpingitis (11 of 24) and 39
      per cent with gynecologic malignant diseases (13 of 33) had CIC, usually at high
      levels. In a patient with salpingitis, CIC was shown to be 19S and 14S,
      dissociable at acid pH and capable of activating complement.

PMID- 6387977
TI  - A clinical assessment of electroanalgesia following abdominal operations.
AB  - A prospective randomized controlled trial was performed to assess the value of
      transcutaneous electrical stimulation as an analgesic technique for postoperative
      pain. Forty patients who underwent cholecystectomy were studied. Patients in
      group A (control group) complained of more severe wound pain than either patients
      in group B (wound stimulation) or group C (remote stimulation). However, the
      treated groups showed no evidence of a significant reduction in opiate demand or
      of improved ventilatory function.

PMID- 6387978
TI  - A new operative approach to total aganglionosis of the colon.
AB  - Aganglionosis of the entire colon with or without involvement of the small
      intestine presents special problems in operative management. A new operation is
      described herein combining the technique of the endorectal pull-through and
      primary anastomosis with the creation of a reservoir made up of aganglionic right
      colon and ganglionic small intestine. Decreased fecal fluid and electrolyte
      losses, and minimization of residual internal sphincter obstruction are
      advantages of this operation.

PMID- 6387979
TI  - A safe technique for renal transplantation in patients with severely infected
      bladders.
AB  - A new surgical technique has been devised for the prevention of wound infection
      in cadaveric renal transplant recipients with severely infected bladders; the
      ascending colon is mobilized through a transperitoneal approach. The peritoneum
      covering the iliac vessels are retracted after blunt dissection, thereby forming
      a pouch. After completion of the vascular anastomoses, the ureter is brought into
      the peritoneal cavity through a small hole made in the peritoneum. The ascending
      colon is refixed to the abdominal wall so that the graft is separated from the
      bladder. No local or systemic infection occurred in two patients with purulent
      infection of the bladder who were operated upon with this technique.

PMID- 6387980
TI  - Alternative methods of arterialization of the hepatic graft.
AB  - During the course of performing 123 consecutive orthotopic liver transplantations
      in a two year period, a total of 220 livers were encountered (123 donors and 97
      recipient organs), 24 of which had inadequacies or anomalies of hepatic arterial
      supply which required modifications of the basic techniques of arterial
      reconstruction. The various methods used to deal with these various situations
      are described herein. The use of vessel grafts from the donor has proved quite
      satisfactory over a number of years. The routine procurement of various vessel
      grafts can provide a multiplicity of options for arterial reconstruction, only a
      few of which have been mentioned herein.

PMID- 6387981
TI  - The surgical management of lymphedema.
AB  - The treatment of lymphedema remains a formidable task for the patient and
      physician. However, most patients with both primary and secondary lymphedema can
      be managed satisfactorily by conservative means. Surgical intervention for
      lymphedema should be considered only after a serious trial of medical management.
      Although no present surgical technique offers cure, significant improvement is
      possible by a variety of methods. The staged excision of skin and subcutaneous
      tissue, the Charles procedure and the dermal flap by Thompson are still the most
      popular techniques in the United States. Axial and myocutaneous flaps and
      microsurgical bypass procedures are currently under investigation and may hold
      promise after additional study. Future experimental and clinical studies should
      concentrate on long term follow-up study with objective clinical and
      roentgenographic documentation of improvement.

PMID- 6387982
TI  - Structure and function of the anaphylatoxins.
AB  - Chemical and physical characterization of the anaphylatoxin molecules have
      provided a reasonably clear description of the architecture of these bioactive
      proteins. The primary structures of C3a, C4a, and C5a from man and from a number
      of animal species have been elucidated, and it is apparent that the three
      anaphylatoxins are genetically related. The anaphylatoxin protein chains very in
      length from 74 to 78 residues and no fewer than 30% of the residues are
      homologous when comparing C3a, C4a, and C5a within or between species. Synthetic
      peptide studies have been instrumental in identifying molecular features
      essential for the function of anaphylatoxins. Information gleaned from the
      structure-function studies with synthetic analogue peptides of the anaphylatoxins
      define putative "active sites" in these effector molecules. Linear sequences at
      the carboxy-terminus of C3a and C4a fulfill all of the criteria of an "active
      site," in that synthetic peptides of an identical sequence can mimic the biologic
      actions of the natural factors. In the case of human C3a, a crystallographic
      analysis has been performed and a three-dimensional structure was elucidated at
      the 3.2 A level. The crystalline structure of C3a provides valuable new
      information regarding the alpha helical regions and identifies the arrangement of
      intra-chain disulfide linkages. Taken together, the structural data now
      accumulated for anaphylatoxins permit molecular modelling of these proteins,
      designates favored conformational arrangements of the native structures, and
      specifically localizes the effector sites. Furthermore, elements at the essential
      active site have been defined with such precision that models are proposed
      detailing the exact nature of ligand interactions between anaphylatoxins and
      specific cellular receptors. Biologic characterization of the anaphylatoxins
      continues at a rapid pace and each advance provides a clearer view of the role of
      these humoral mediators in host defense. A variety of responses to anaphylatoxins
      are known to occur at the cellular level and are mediated in a hormone-like
      fashion. Diversity of action for these factors at the tissue level is readily
      explained by the numerous cell types stimulated by the anaphylatoxins. Cellular
      responses to the anaphylatoxins are perhaps the most easily defined and studied;
      however, tissue and systemic effects more accurately reflect the physiologic role
      of anaphylatoxins. Considerable progress has been made in understanding the
      mechanisms whereby anaphylatoxins mediate two major tissue effects, namely
      enhancement of vascular permeability and induction of smooth muscle
      contraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6387984
TI  - Colloid cysts with and without ventriculomegaly: role of intraoperative real-time
      ultrasound.
AB  - Intraoperative real-time ultrasound was used to assist localization and surgical
      removal of colloid cysts in patients without ventriculomegaly. In the most
      commonly used surgical approach for removal of colloid cysts, dilated lateral
      ventricles can expedite the localization of lesions because, once entered
      surgically, a dilated ventricle offers more space near the foramen of Monro in
      which to work. Additionally, the enlargement of the foramen of Monro, seen with
      hydrocephalus, provides greater accessibility to the colloid cyst. In patients
      with symptoms related to the colloid cyst. In patients with symptoms related to
      intermittent obstruction of cerebral fluid flow but with normal-sized ventricles,
      the precise localization of the foramen of Monro and colloid cyst is more
      difficult and may result in unnecessary exploration/resection of brain. Using
      intraoperative ultrasound, the colloid cyst and adjacent anatomic structures can
      be clearly visualized regardless of ventricular size. Intraoperative
      ultrasonography has a unique role in the operative treatment of patients with
      colloid cysts and nondilated ventricles.

PMID- 6387985
TI  - Trigeminus stereoguide: an instrument for stereotactic approach through the
      foramen ovale and foramen jugulare.
AB  - The author describes a new, fully stereotactic instrument for the percutaneous
      treatment of tic douloureux. The principle is to place the instrument in such a
      position around the patient's head that the foramen ovale lies at the midpoint
      for a spherical system consisting of a cylinder part and a 90 degrees arch with
      an electrode carrier. The foramen can then be reached from a suitable bone-free
      direction, either through the cheek or inframandibularly. The position of the
      foramen ovale is calculated from lateral and axial radiograms and defined with x,
      y, and z coordinates. The instrument can also be used for the percutaneous
      treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia.

PMID- 6387986
TI  - Arterial bolus contrast medium enhancement for computed tomographically guided
      stereotactic biopsy.
AB  - Stereotactic biopsy of deep-seated brain lesions by computed tomography guidance
      with intravenous contrast medium enhancement is now a well-recognized technique.
      However, arteriography continues to be the best method for studying the
      vasculature of such lesions. A method is described here in which a limited
      arteriography can be incorporated into the computed tomographic technique
      especially for the purpose of avoiding injury to vessels in stereotactic biopsy
      procedures. The technique requires that a single 4-mL bolus of contrast medium be
      injected intraarterially as the computed tomography scan for stereotactic
      localization is performed. The vessels are thereby seen in the same computed
      tomographic image as that used for stereotactic localization. The method has
      these additional advantages: it provides more pronounced contrast medium
      enhancement; it requires only 4 mL of contrast medium and can therefore be used
      in patients with renal failure; it can often distinguish crude arterial and
      venous phases; and lastly, it can be performed with routinely available
      equipment.

PMID- 6387987
TI  - Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage--historical background from a Scandinavian
      horizon.
AB  - The historical background of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is depicted with
      emphasis in the Scandinavian contribution to improvements in the treatment. It is
      concluded that an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage with all certainty was the
      cause of death of the prospective King of Sweden, Charles August, in the year
      1810. Despite advances in management and surgical treatment of this devastating
      disease the outcome in this important patient--which led to a new royal dynasty
      in Sweden--would certainly have turned out as fatal today as became the case 174
      years ago.

PMID- 6387988
TI  - Asymptomatic cervical bruit and abnormal ocular pneumoplethysmography: a
      prospective study comparing two approaches to management.
AB  - Fifty-seven patients with cervical bruits and abnormal ocular
      pneumoplethysmography but without symptoms were followed prospectively. Mean
      follow-up was 32 months and all patients were followed for at least 1 year.
      Twenty-nine patients consented to join a randomized study comparing treatment
      with aspirin, close follow-up, and no intervention unless symptoms developed [(
      NI: ASA] n = 14) versus intervention with arteriography and prophylactic surgery
      [( I: A/S] n = 15). Among patients who refused randomization, 14 were treated
      with NI: ASA and 14 with I: A/S. Endpoints for analysis included all unfavorable
      outcomes related to both management plans and included stroke, death of stroke,
      major angiographic and perioperative complications, asymptomatic carotid
      occlusion, and recurrent carotid artery stenosis. In both the randomized and
      nonrandomized portions of the study unfavorable outcomes were more frequent in
      patients treated with I: A/S, and by combining the results of both studies a
      significant difference was observed (N: ASA - 3.6% versus I: A/S - 31%; X:2 =
      4.78; p less than 0.05). Among patients treated with NI: ASA, a single minor
      stroke occurred without warning. In patients from all groups who underwent
      arteriography, advanced carotid stenosis was found in 78% (mean percent diameter
      stenosis = 72% +/- 2%; mean residual lumen = 1.3 +/- 0.1 mm). We conclude that,
      despite the probability of underlying severe carotid stenosis, most patients with
      cervical bruit and abnormal ocular pneumoplethysmography but without symptoms are
      appropriately managed without intervention unless symptoms develop.

PMID- 6387989
TI  - Inhibition of platelet deposition on polytetrafluoroethylene grafts by
      antiplatelet agents.
AB  - The effects of ibuprofen (Motrin), dipyridamole (Persantine), and prostacyclin on
      the deposition of platelets on polytetrafluoroethylene grafts (5.5 cm long, 4 mm
      internal diameter implanted into both femoral arteries of 21 dogs) were studied
      by harvesting autologous platelets, labeling them with 51Cr, and reinjecting them
      15 minutes before cross-clamping. Arterial flow was adjusted to 65 ml/min and
      monitored continuously. Ibuprofen (12.5 mg/kg) and dipyridamole (2.5 mg/kg) were
      each administered as a single intravenous injection in four dogs (eight grafts)
      and five dogs (10 grafts), respectively. Prostacyclin (50 ng/kg/min) was
      administered by continuous intravenous infusion in five dogs (10 grafts). Seven
      dogs (14 grafts) served as controls. Grafts were removed 2 hours after
      implantation, and radioactivity (counts per 10 minutes) was determined in four
      segments of each graft (including both anastomoses) with a gamma-counter. Counts
      were averaged for each group of dogs. Significance was calculated by the Student
      t test. Platelet deposition in control dogs averaged 10,033.9 +/- 1134.2 SE; that
      in prostacyclin-treated dogs averaged 2513.7 +/- 276 SE (p less than 0.001); that
      in ibuprofen-treated dogs averaged 5453.4 +/- 1336.3 SE (p = 0.02); that in
      dipyridamole-treated dogs averaged 11,213.7 +/- 1632.5 SE (p = 0.55). These data
      demonstrate the effectiveness of prostacyclin and ibuprofen in reducing platelet
      deposition on polytetrafluorethylene grafts in dogs.

PMID- 6387983
TI  - The membrane attack complex.

PMID- 6387990
TI  - Intraoperative assessment of in situ saphenous vein bypass grafts with continuous
      wave Doppler probe.
AB  - A 5 MHz continuous-wave Doppler probe was used intraoperatively to evaluate 25 in
      situ saphenous vein bypass grafts. At least one arteriovenous fistula per case
      and five retained competent posterior valvular leaflets were identified before
      completion angiography. The Doppler was able to distinguish a retained valve from
      an arteriovenous fistula on clinical grounds but not by waveform analysis.
      Intraoperative assessment of in situ saphenous vein bypass grafts with the
      continuous-wave Doppler can identify retained valves that might be missed by
      angiography. It can reduce the number of angiograms needed to demonstrate a
      technically perfect result, thus saving operative time and contrast agent load to
      the patient.

PMID- 6387991
TI  - Optimal techniques for harvesting and preparation of reversed autogenous vein
      grafts for use as arterial substitutes: a review.
AB  - Since the first successful use of an autogenous vein graft for arterial
      reconstruction by Gluck in 1898 and the establishment of the scientific basis for
      the use of veins as arterial substitutes by Carrell and Guthrie in the early
      1900s, reversed autogenous veins have been used extensively in arterial
      reconstructive operations. Despite being the preferred material for
      reconstruction, reversed autogenous vein is not an ideal graft material. The
      primary problem is structural alterations in the implanted vein predisposing to
      graft failure. Most of these failures occur within the first few months after
      graft implantation and are though to be due, in part, to endothelial damage
      incurred during harvesting and preparation of the vein. This review focuses on
      technical aspects of vein graft harvesting associated with alterations in
      endothelial morphology including dissection technique, types of irrigation and
      storage solutions used, temperature of these solutions, distension pressures, and
      pharmacologic agents. An optimal technique incorporating subcutaneous and
      perivenous infiltration with papaverine, atraumatic dissection, controlled
      gradual distension, and storage of the distended vein in cold heparinized blood
      containing papaverine should produce grafts with improved endothelial
      preservation and patency rates compared with grafts harvested by techniques in
      widespread use at present. The importance of morphologically and functionally
      intact endothelium in reversed vein grafts, a comparison to that produced by in
      situ vein grafting, and its possible clinical implications are discussed.

PMID- 6387992
TI  - Carotid digital subtraction angiography: the comparative roles of intra-arterial
      and intravenous imaging.
AB  - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IV DSA) has assumed a major role in
      the evaluation of occlusive cerebrovascular disease. However, an increasing
      incidence of inadequate and inaccurate IV DSA studies led us to use intra
      arterial DSA (IA DSA) with greater frequency in the assessment of carotid artery
      disease. This study was performed to establish the optimal role of these two
      procedures in the diagnosis and management of carotid atherosclerosis. One
      hundred forty-eight patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy were assessed
      before operation with IV DSA (54 patients), IA DSA (41 patients), or conventional
      angiography (CA) (53 patients). Studies were reviewed for technical adequacy,
      extent of carotid visualization, contrast volume, incidence of complications, and
      necessity for further angiography. Subsequently the endarterectomy specimen was
      used to determine the accuracy of each imaging technique. The accuracy of IA DSA
      (94%) was significantly greater than that of IV DSA (68%) and no less than that
      of CA (97%) (p less than 0.0005). Only two IA DSA studies were technically
      inadequate (4%) compared with 26 of 65 (40%) IV DSA studies (p less than 0.0005).
      IA DSA consistently required less contrast agent (88 ml versus 144 ml) than did
      IV DSA (p less than 0.0005) but the extent of vessel visualization was greater.
      There was no difference in the complication rates of IV DSA and IA DSA, but both
      were less than that of CA (p less than 0.05). These data show IA DSA to be
      superior to IV DSA in the evaluation of carotid artery disease. IA DSA is now our
      preferred method of study and has increasingly supplanted CA techniques as well.

PMID- 6387993
TI  - Secure aortic stump closure with autogenous vein pledgets.
AB  - A method for secure closure of a difficult aortic stump is described. Two-layer
      closure consisting of a row of interrupted horizontal mattress polypropylene
      sutures through autogenous vein pledgets and a second continuous polypropylene
      suture line is recommended. The method described is a simple technique that uses
      readily available, strong, autogenous material for suture line reinforcement.

PMID- 6387994
TI  - [On poor work routines. With greetings from Florence Nightingale].

PMID- 6387995
TI  - [Professional seminar for midwives: midwifery services in the health system].

PMID- 6387996
TI  - [Marie Lysnes: nursing was our life. Interview by Bjorn Arild Ostby].

PMID- 6387998
TI  - [Victor Haderup].

PMID- 6387997
TI  - Carcinoma of the buccal mucosa in a 38-year renal transplant survivor.

PMID- 6387999
TI  - [Semipermanent replacement of the anterior teeth without preparation of the
      abutments].

PMID- 6388000
TI  - [The long-term prognosis for bridges with free end saddles].

PMID- 6388001
TI  - [Medline--a dental resource].

PMID- 6388002
TI  - [The dental care system during 1974-1981. Comprehensive dental care in private
      dental practice].

PMID- 6388003
TI  - [Echotomographic diagnosis of pancreatic diseases in patients with chronic
      noncalculous cholecystitis].
AB  - The authors describe the methods and results of echotomographic examination of
      the pancreas in 148 patients with exacerbation of chronic non-calculous
      cholecystitis. 58.8% of the patients showed moderately pronounced alterations in
      the pancreas occurring in the form of small-focal tissue indurations of moderate
      intensity, and irregularity of the external contours, with the organ size
      remaining within normal. The signs of the diffuse induration of the pancreas,
      enlargement of its anteroposterior size, excess contrast of Wirsung's duct were
      detected in 14.8% of patients, mostly in severe inflammatory processes in the
      biliary tract (35.5%).

PMID- 6388004
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of liver diseases].
AB  - The authors analyse the possibilities of ultrasonic diagnosis of the diffuse
      liver diseases. Sixty normal subjects and 114 patients (50 with chronic
      hepatitis, 30 with hepatosis, 34 liver cirrhosis) were examined. The authors
      suggest a new method consisting in the measurement of the "compensation power",
      i. e. of the energy that is consumed during penetration via hepatic tissues with
      more energy being consumed the denser the tissue. A significant difference in
      that parameter was recorded between hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatosis,
      permitting the differentiation between the illnesses under consideration. Study
      of the other parameters (the length, width, liver log, the diameter of the vena
      cava inferior, of the splenic vein and spleen) enables expanding the number of
      indicators used in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the liver
      diseases.

PMID- 6388005
TI  - [Evaluation of the photon correlation method of measuring skin blood flow and its
      use in the diagnosis of microcirculation disorders in patients with diabetes
      mellitus].
AB  - A new photon-correlation method for measuring blood flow and traditional methods
      for blood flow measurements according to the clearance of 133Xe were studied and
      compared. The measurement data of the skin circulation by the photon-correlation
      method and according to the clearance of 133Xe are in linear relationship, the
      correlation ratio being equal to +0.93 (P less than 0.01). At the same time the
      photon-correlation method has some advantages. Particularly it is marked by non
      invasiveness, high accuracy, good reproducibility of the data and short exposure
      time. Photon-correlation spectroscopy was used to perform clinical studies of the
      skin circulation in different anatomic areas of the skin in diabetes mellitus
      patients. Altogether 117 subjects aged 19-60 years were examined. There were 38
      healthy subjects and 79 patients with diabetes mellitus. The skin circulation was
      measured from the finger tip and from the internal surface of the upper third of
      the forearm. In healthy subjects, the skin circulation appeared substantially
      higher in the finger tip than in the forearm. In diabetes mellitus patients, the
      circulation in the finger skin was also higher than in the skin of the forearm.
      As compared to healthy subjects, the patients manifested a significant lowering
      in the finger circulation and only the tendency towards its decrease in the
      forearm.

PMID- 6388006
TI  - [Infectious endocarditis: problems of diagnosis and nomenclature].
AB  - Altogether 240 patients with infectious endocarditis (IE) were examined. The
      problems of IE diagnosis, particularly the reasons for late and initially
      erroneous disease diagnosis are discussed on the basis of the authors' own and
      reported data. The differential-diagnostic table containing the criteria of
      differential diagnosis of IE, rheumatic fever, systemic lupus erythematosus,
      lymphogranulomatosis is presented.

PMID- 6388007
TI  - [Role of medical cybernetics in the improvement of diagnosis, prognosis and
      choice of treatment method in pulmonological patients].
AB  - The authors review some aspects of the use of medical cybernetics methods in
      pulmonology. Analyze the results of machine and machine-free (mark) diagnosis of
      chronic lung diseases. Demonstrate that the quality of the disease recognition by
      means of the cybernetic methods correlates with that attained by highly
      specialized therapeutic institutions. Discuss the results of predicting the
      outcomes of the treatment of respiratory system diseases and the possibilities of
      using the mathematical methods for the classification optimization.

PMID- 6388008
TI  - [Incretory function of the pancreas and carbohydrate metabolism in patients with
      peptic ulcer of the duodenum].
AB  - Examination of 84 patients with peptic ulcer of the duodenum demonstrated that
      the majority of patients had alterations in carbohydrate metabolism manifested by
      fasting hypoglycemia, slow increase in glucose and hyperglycemia at the 180th
      minute during making the glucose tolerance test. The level of immunoreactive
      insulin (IRI) and immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) was discovered to range within
      wide limits, namely from low basal secretion to hyperinsulinemia and
      hyperglucagonemia at the end of examination with the use of the glucose and
      insulin tolerance tests. During making the glucose tolerance test, the changes in
      IRG concentration were more demonstrable. The changes in hormone secretion were
      recorded if the disease lasted long and did not depend on the stage of the
      process. IRI and IRG secretion was determined by both the glycemia level and
      concentration of the hormones themselves, by their mutually correlating influence
      and was aimed at the maintenance of glucose homeostasis in patients presenting
      with peptic ulcer of the duodenum.

PMID- 6388009
TI  - Anterior crown removal--report of technique.

PMID- 6388010
TI  - Cerebral dysraphia (future anencephaly) in a human twin embryo at stage 13.
AB  - Cerebral dysraphia was studied histologically and by graphic reconstruction in a
      twin at stage 13, and comparisons were made with the normal (discordant) twin.
      The normal, bidirectional closure of the rostral neuropore was investigated in
      several embryos, from which it was concluded that the situs neuroporicus is
      represented by the future commissural plate rather than by the (adult) lamina
      terminalis. In the abnormal twin the neural tube was open over part of the
      midbrain and forebrain, although the situs neuroporicus was closed. The
      experimental production of anencephaly by Giroud and co-workers was reviewed, and
      comparisons between embryonic staging systems in the rat, mouse, and human were
      made. Three corresponding phases are found in the human: 1) cerebral dysraphia,
      occurring before or during Carnegie stage 11 (approximately 23-25 days); 2)
      exposure of a highly developing and well-differentiated brain during the
      remainder of the embryonic period; and 3) degeneration of the exposed brain
      throughout the fetal period, resulting in anencephaly. Hence the abnormal twin
      described here is believed to represent a precursor of typical anencephaly, and
      is the earliest example of purely cerebral dysraphia so far recorded.

PMID- 6388011
TI  - [40th anniversary of the Blood Transfusion Service of the Swiss Red Cross].

PMID- 6388012
TI  - A double-blind trial of ticlopidine in sickle cell disease.
AB  - Baseline studies of 111Indium oxine labelled platelet life-span, platelet alpha
      granule release products, beta-thromboglobulin (beta TG) and platelet factor 4
      (PF4), and factor VIII related activities were performed on 9 asymptomatic
      patients with sickle cell disease, who were subsequently randomised in a
      prospective double-blind trial of ticlopidine (250 mg. b. d.) or placebo for one
      month and the investigations repeated. Control studies indicated that 5 of the 9
      patients had shortened platelet survivals: mean beta TG (50.8 ng/ml) and PF4
      (19.5 ng/ml), factor VIII:C (283.4 i.u./dl) and factor VIIIR:AG (168.7 u/dl)
      levels were raised. Ticlopidine treatment did not significantly improve platelet
      life-span or factor VIII levels, though it was associated with reduced values of
      beta TG and PF4. One patient taking ticlopidine developed an infarctive sickle
      crisis. Although ticlopidine blocked platelet activation, this alone did not
      improve platelet survival or prevent sickle crisis: in view of evidence of
      platelet activation in sickle cell disease, however, a longer trial of
      prophylactic antiplatelet drugs might be warranted.

PMID- 6388013
TI  - Blood changes and enhanced thromboxane and 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha
      production in experimental acute Plasmodium bergei infection in hamsters.
AB  - Golden hamsters inoculated intraperitoneally with Plasmodium bergei infected
      mouse blood regularly developed P. bergei parasitaemia. This was associated with
      progressive thrombocytopenia and leucocytosis as the degree of parasitaemia
      increased with time. When infected whole blood was stimulated with collagen,
      significantly enhanced thromboxane B2 (TXB2) production per platelet was seen. 6
      keto prostaglandin (PG) F1 alpha formation in the same system increased from the
      sixth infection day onwards and correlated with the relative leukocytosis. The
      production of 6-keto PGF1 alpha by aorta rings was significantly higher during
      the 4-7th days postinoculation. The increase in thromboxane production however
      was much more important than that of 6-keto PGF1 alpha and it therefore is
      concluded that P. bergei parasitaemia in hamsters tilts the haemostatic balance
      towards the platelet hyperaggregability that has also been described in P.
      falciparum infection in man.

PMID- 6388014
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of albumin and factor XIII in thin cryo sections
      of human blood platelets.
AB  - Albumin and factor XIII alpha 2 were localized in human blood platelets by
      immunofluorescence and protein A-colloidal gold immuno-electron microscopy using
      thin and ultrathin cryosections of mildly fixed human blood platelets. Albumin
      was found in alpha-granules, co-distributing with beta-thromboglobulin in double
      label experiments. In platelets directly fixed in plasma, without previous
      washing, albumin was also localized on the plasma membrane and in the surface
      connecting system. Factor XIII alpha 2 was localized diffusely through the entire
      cytoplasmic matrix.

PMID- 6388015
TI  - Sulfinpyrazone and platelet function in hypertensive patients.

PMID- 6388016
TI  - Constructing successful dentures.

PMID- 6388017
TI  - Touch the tooth of a hanged man.

PMID- 6388018
TI  - [Piroxicam (Felden) in primary dysmenorrhea].

PMID- 6388019
TI  - [Treatment of hormone-resistant prostate cancer with estramustine phosphate
      (Estracyt)].

PMID- 6388020
TI  - [Twin pregnancy in mares].
AB  - A number of findings on twin pregnancies in mares recently reported in the
      literature are evaluated in the present paper. From these findings it emerges
      that twin pregnancies in mares very rarely develop from a synchronous (less than
      2 days apart) double ovulation but rather from an asynchronous (much greater than
      2 days apart) double ovulation. The significance of these findings in daily
      practice is pointed out. Moreover, it was found that in more than 50 per cent of
      the cases in which twin pregnancies had been diagnosed about day 20, one embryo
      had died by day 36. From this fact it is concluded that twin pregnancies in which
      an early diagnosis is established, should not be interrupted too soon. The would
      seem to hold good particularly for those cases in which a diagnosis of twin
      pregnancy was established by ultrasonic echography as early as day 14.

PMID- 6388021
TI  - [From the Veterinary Chief Inspection of Public Health and the Board of
      Veterinary Service Botulism].

PMID- 6388022
TI  - [Therapia antiqua].

PMID- 6388023
TI  - [Placement of the finishing line during crown preparation with regard to caries
      and periodontal disease prevention].

PMID- 6388024
TI  - [Schretlen leaves us].

PMID- 6388025
TI  - [Ventriculomegaly and its relation to skull circumference].
AB  - Since the possibility of brain visualisation with ultrasound ventriculomegaly can
      be found frequently in an early stage. Ventriculomegaly caused either by an
      increased intraventricular pressure or an atrophic process of cerebral tissue
      around the ventricles. An increase in headcircumference together with an increase
      in ventricular size will not give problems with the diagnosis increased
      intraventricular pressure. However, competition between brain tissue compliance
      and resistance of the skull will determine which will be the first one to
      increase. In this the age of the patient will play an important role. The
      histories of three patients demonstrate these problems. The follow up of
      headcircumference, ventricular diameter and knowledge of the intracranial
      pathology, given by transfontanellar sonography in infants will determine
      therapeutic management excellently, often because of absence of clinical signs.
      Finally, the effect of treatment given can be followed closely by these
      measurements in an easier way and more friendly to the patient than by CT-scans.

PMID- 6388026
TI  - [Role of intravascular coagulation in the pathophysiology of the hemolytic-uremic
      syndrome].
AB  - Endothelial cell injury of capillaries and arterioles is considered to be the
      primary event in the hemolytic uremic syndrome. Intravascular coagulation
      increases the damaging processes. This intravascular coagulation can still be
      active after admission to the clinic. Several new data are available:
      prostacyclin deficiency can be present possibly due to the absence of a
      stimulating factor in plasma; the platelets are exhausted; an inhibitor of
      glomerular fibrinolysis has been demonstrated. A generally accepted therapy for
      HUS is still lacking.

PMID- 6388027
TI  - A new sensitive assay for the detection of HLA antigens on human epithelial
      cells.

PMID- 6388028
TI  - [Swine dysentery].
AB  - The microbiological and serological properties of Treponema hyodysenteriae, its
      mediators of pathogenicity and the morphological changes in infected animals were
      presented. From these changes and from the disturbances of the intestinal
      function, the clinical symptoms could be derived. Finally problems of
      epidemiology, therapy and prophylaxis of swine dysentery were discussed.

PMID- 6388029
TI  - [Anesthesia procedures in the rabbit].
AB  - In a review common regimens of anesthesia in the rabbit are described. To carry
      out an anesthesia the following knowledge is requested: preanesthetic history and
      physical condition, preanesthetic feeding and handling, methods of drug
      application (aerogen, intravenously and intramuscularly). Special anesthetic
      risks in the rabbit are lined out. The methods of anesthesia are presented in
      four tables. Long term anesthesia: Ketamine (Ketanest) + Xylazine (Rompun) i.m.
      or Fluanison/Fentanyl (Hypnorm) i.m. Medium term anesthesia: Ketamine + Xylazine
      i.v. or Pentoparbitone (Narcoren) i.v. Short- and introductive anesthesia:
      Propanidid (Epontol) i.v.; Althesine (Saffan) or (Aurantex); Thiamylal (Surital)
      i.v.; Alfentanil (Rapifen) i.v. + Etomidat (Hypnomidat) i.v. + Azaperon (Stesnil)
      premedication Methods of inhalation anesthesia with volatile anesthetics like
      ether, halothan or methoxyfluran as admixture with normal air or with
      nitrousoxide/oxygen.

PMID- 6388030
TI  - [Winter feeding or autumn feeding of game animals?].
AB  - A literature review of seasonal changes in metabolism and food intake and the
      accumulation of energy deposits (fat) during the natural mast period in autumn is
      linked to the results of feeding trials with roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and
      red deer (Cervus elaphus) using supplementary feeding and/or planted crops to
      simulate the mast which is missing in conifer forests planted mainly for timber
      production. The results indicate that autumn mast simulation is more
      physiological and effective in reducing forest damage and increasing game quality
      than the traditional "emergency" winter feeding as practiced in Central Europe
      over hundred years.

PMID- 6388031
TI  - Sister chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes after exposure to pulse-wave
      ultrasound.
AB  - We have investigated the frequencies of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induced
      by pulse-wave ultrasound in lymphocytes obtained from the human umbilical vein.
      The following results were obtained: There is an increase in the frequency of
      SCEs with increases in acoustic power. The critical acoustic power was 37.3-73
      mW/cm2 (spatial average temporal average, SATA). Regardless of changes in pulse
      duration and repeated pulse frequency, if the acoustic power remains constant,
      the SCE frequency does not change significantly.

PMID- 6388032
TI  - Studies of lesions induced in the testis and epididymis of F-344 rats by inhaled
      methyl chloride.
AB  - Experiments were carried out in rats to characterize the development of the
      testicular and epididymal lesions and any associated effects on reproductive
      hormones. Adult F-344 rats were exposed to 3500 ppm methyl chloride (MeCl) 6
      hr/day for 5 days, not exposed for 3 days, and exposed again for 4 days. The
      first consistent testicular lesion was a delay in spermiation which appeared on
      Day 9. Subsequently, germinal epithelial vacuolation and cellular exfoliation
      became widespread as exposure continued. All animals killed after 19 days also
      displayed bilateral epididymal granulomas in regions 5 or 6 of the cauda
      epididymis. The nature and distribution of inflammatory cells indicated that the
      primary neutrophilic response may be against the tubular epithelium and not
      extravasated sperm. After 5 days of exposure, circulating testosterone was below
      6 ng/ml (control: 120 +/- 31 ng/ml). Both MeCl exposed and control animals
      responded similarly to challenge with hCG and LHRH ethylamide, suggesting that
      Leydig cell and gonadotrope function was unaffected. It is proposed that MeCl
      acts centrally to lower circulating testosterone. Nonprotein sulfhydryls were
      depleted in liver, testis, and epididymis after MeCl exposure, but not in whole
      blood. This finding indicates that sulfhydryl depletion is not due to direct
      alkylation, but is enzymatically mediated. Sulfhydryl depletion did not correlate
      with lesion development. It was concluded that the initial testicular effects of
      MeCl are directed at either the late stage spermatids or the Sertoli cells with a
      resultant delay in spermiation.

PMID- 6388033
TI  - Hepatic glomerulosclerosis with IgA deposition. Report of three cases.
AB  - Hepatic glomerulosclerosis is characterized by depositions of IgA in mesangial
      areas of glomeruli similar to those found in primary IgA nephropathy. The
      mechanism of IgA deposition is presently obscure. We have attempted to elucidate
      histopathological changes of IgA deposition in such patients. Three cirrhotic
      patients who had abnormal urinalysis underwent renal biopsy in Tokai University
      Hospital. Renal biopsy specimens obtained from these three patients showed IgA
      measangial deposition on immunofluorescence staining, and various
      histopathological changes on light microscopy. It is suggested that these
      variable renal changes in patients with hepatic cirrhosis may be related to the
      alteration of the handling of immune complexes in injured liver.

PMID- 6388034
TI  - Demonstration of HCG on the surface of maternal lymphocytes and discrimination of
      T and B cells by esterase cytochemistry.
AB  - Immunological functions pregnant women in the early fetomaternal relationship
      were investigated. Maternal T cell population as determined by the standard
      method gradually decreases as plasma HCG increases from between 5 and 10 weeks of
      gestation. In this study, the presence of HCG on the surface of maternal
      lymphocytes was detected by the direct immuno-histochemical method using enzyme
      labeled antibodies: (1) HRP-anti human beta-HCG rabbit Fab', (2) HRP-anti alpha
      HCG rabbit Fab', (3) HRP-anti human native HCG rabbit Fab'. Further (4) HRP
      normal rabbit Fab', (5) HRP-anti rabbit IgG goat F(ab')2 and (6) activated HRP
      were used as staining controls. In order to determine whether the maternal
      lymphocytes masked with HCG were T or B cells, a modified technique of esterase
      cytochemistry was employed. The reaction of esterase cytochemistry on rosette
      forming lymphocytes by SRBC exhibited the features of T cells, as the lymphocytes
      display a dense localized positivity made up of one to four coarse granules.

PMID- 6388035
TI  - The reproducibility of an edentulous mandibular impression in the lingual flange
      area.

PMID- 6388036
TI  - A method to identify microinjected nephrons of rat.
AB  - This paper describes a technique for identifying individual nephrons that have
      been subjected to micropuncture. The general location of the nephron is marked on
      the surface of the kidney by implanting two micropipette tips on opposite sides
      of it two or three tubule diameters away. The tubule itself is marked by the
      injection into the lumen of a tracer material, for purposes of this account, a
      suspension of E. coli. After perfusion fixation the kidneys are removed and a
      block of tissue containing the extrapapillary portion of the nephron is excised.
      This block is cut into thin slices parallel to the surface of the kidney; these
      are embedded in plastic for subsequent sectioning. On sectioning, the marker
      material makes the nephron in question readily discernible under the microscope.
      A major advantage of this technique is that it allows the tubule of interest to
      be located as much as 48 hours later.

PMID- 6388037
TI  - [Characteristics of the incorporation of phosphorus and calcium compounds in
      transplanted bones processed by different methods].

PMID- 6388038
TI  - [Classification of the shape of the prosthetic bed of the mandible after
      osteoplastic operations].

PMID- 6388039
TI  - [Quality of ceramic prostheses depending on the type of ledge of the prepared
      teeth].

PMID- 6388040
TI  - [Panoramic tomography in dental practice].

PMID- 6388041
TI  - [Methods for specimen collection from odontogenic focus for desensitization in
      focal infection patients].

PMID- 6388042
TI  - [Candidal denture stomatitis and prosthetic disinfection].

PMID- 6388043
TI  - [Production of embedded 1-arm clasps by crimping during a single clinical visit].

PMID- 6388044
TI  - [The instruments of folk healers from the Plovdiv and Pazardzik districts].

PMID- 6388045
TI  - [Restoration of the functional fitness of a telescopic partial denture].

PMID- 6388046
TI  - [A complicated and esthetic prosthetic bridge using the rational methods of the
      model casting system and "Adapta"].

PMID- 6388047
TI  - [Methods for the immediate casting of impressions intended for making working
      models with removable props].

PMID- 6388049
TI  - [Optimization of intracavitary radiotherapy of uterine cancer by intrauterine
      sonography].
AB  - Until now the evolution of irradiation planning has above all considered the
      individual situation in the small pelvis, because there was no reliable
      diagnostic method to discern the infiltration within the myometrium. Intra
      uterine sonography allows an exact presentation of the tumor infiltration within
      the myometrium. Thus the target volume for intracavitary therapy can be defined.
      Besides an optimal irradiation planning, a rapid and reliable diagnosis of a Via
      falsa as well as an estimation of regions especially endangered by perforations
      are possible.

PMID- 6388048
TI  - [Clinical experiences with the radiation sensitizer MTDQ (Sensorad) in advanced
      malignancies of the head and neck region and in uterine cancer].
AB  - 33 patients with malignancies of the head and neck and 9 patients with carcinoma
      uteri received Sensorad combined with megavolt-therapy in a placebo controlled
      trial. 35% of the Sensorad treated patients with head and neck cancer showed an
      early radiomucositis. A full regression was achieved in 15 patients and a partial
      regression in 18 patients thus the drug helped in 79% of the patients treated. No
      regression was noted in 6 patients and a progression in 3, that means in 21% of
      patients no benefit was detected. In the placebo control group a benefit was
      proved for 35% of the patients whereas 65% of the patients showed no benefit. The
      proportion of benefit to no benefit was 3.66 in the Sensorad group compared to
      0.54 in the placebo group. The patients with carcinoma uteri all showed a benefit
      from the treatment with Sensorad. The number of adverse reactions was small. 4
      patients had nausea and gastrointestinal symptoms, 2 allergic reactions and 3
      elevated SGOT (21.4%).

PMID- 6388050
TI  - Rutoside and the X-ray induced damage in jejunal mucosa of mouse.
AB  - The effect of O-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-Rutoside on the radiation response of mouse
      small intestine was investigated. The post-irradiation mitotic regeneration in
      jejunal crypts, the survival of crypt stem cells and the post-irradiation
      mortality of animals were taken as criteria. Multiple treatment with rutoside
      (300 mg/kg/injection) combined with a whole-body-X-irradiation failed to show
      protective effect in all the cases studied. Some possibilities which may explain
      these results are presented.

PMID- 6388051
TI  - Effects of AET and MEA treatment prior to X-irradiation of mice on the first day
      of pregnancy.
AB  - Porton mice were whole-body X-irradiated with a dose of 500 R or, 15 minutes
      before X-irradiation, injected with AET or MEA, in a dose of 40 mg/kg of body
      weight, on the first day of pregnancy. On the nineteenth day of gestation, taking
      into consideration females in whose uteri live foetuses were observed, the
      increase in their body weight throughout pregnancy, the number of foetuses in the
      uterus, the body weight of foetuses, and the placenta weight were determined. As
      compared with controls, in X-irradiated mice and in those prior to exposure to X
      rays, injected with AET or MEA, both statistically non-significantly greater
      placenta weight and statistically significantly lower increase in the female body
      weight during gestation, number of foetuses in the uterus, and body weight of
      foetuses, with the exception of statistically non-significantly lower number of
      female foetuses in only X-irradiated mice, number of male foetuses and body
      weight of female foetuses in those treated with AET, as well as total, female and
      male body weight in those injected with MEA were found. In females before X
      irradiation injected with AET or MEA, in relation to those only X-irradiated,
      statistically significantly greater body weight of foetuses was observed.

PMID- 6388052
TI  - Evaluation of radioprotectors by the Na+ influx study in RBC of lethally
      irradiated rats.
AB  - Sodium homeostasis in adult male albino Sprague Dawley rats has been examined 24
      hours after exposure to 11 Gy whole-body gamma irradiation. Rate of influx of
      22Na in red blood corpuscles (in vitro) of irradiated rats significantly
      increased and was modified by the administration of some radioprotective drugs
      prior to irradiation. Solcoseryl and AET (200 mg/kg) gave excellent protection
      and the combinations of 5-HTP with AET or MPG rendered better protection than
      when used alone.

PMID- 6388053
TI  - Ethanol directly inhibits delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-isomerase
      activity in rat testis interstitial cells.
AB  - Acute ethanol exposure has been demonstrated to inhibit testosterone synthesis
      both in vivo and in vitro; however, the precise step(s) affected is
      controversial. Using intact collagenase-dispersed interstitial cells or 10,000 xg
      supernatants of interstitial cell homogenates, studies were undertaken to
      determine whether ethanol specifically inhibited delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase-isomerase activity. In both cellular preparations, varying
      concentrations of ethanol (2.2 - 652 mM) inhibited this enzyme activity. Because
      alcohol dehydrogenase activity was identified specifically in Leydig cells and
      because the inhibition of delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-isomerase
      activity by concentrations of ethanol normally observed in circulation of
      alcoholic men (2.2 - 65 mM) could be reversed by saturating concentrations of
      NAD+ (0.2 mM) or by 4-methylpyrazole (2 mM), these results suggest that the
      mechanism of this inhibition is by limitation of available cofactor.

PMID- 6388054
TI  - Thymic hormonal effect on recovery from early and late CCNU induced
      immunosuppression.
AB  - The alkylating agent 1(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) caused a
      prolonged suppression of antibody response to sheep red blood cell challenge in
      mice. Two phases of suppression could be observed, an early (first three weeks
      after CCNU administration) and late phase (4-10 weeks). The late
      immunosuppression was more severe than the early one. Treatment by the thymic
      extract thymostimulin (TP-1R) caused a complete recovery of antibody response,
      with overshoot, during early phase, but only partial recovery during late phase.
      It is suggested that the known CCNU induced damage to stem cells, manifested at
      late phase, reduces the responding pool for the restorative effect of
      thymostimulin.

PMID- 6388055
TI  - Different response of mouse thymocyte subpopulations to interleukin 2 and
      concanavalin A.
AB  - Fractionation of C57BL/6 mouse thymocytes by Percoll density gradient
      centrifugation resulted in three thymocyte subpopulations of different
      characters. The first population (Fr 1 cells) and both the second (Fr 2 cells)
      and the third (Fr 3 cells) populations mainly consisted of Thy 1.2+, Ly 1+, Ly 2
      , PNA- cells and Thy 1.2+, Ly 1-, Ly 2+, PNA+ cells, respectively. Although all
      these subpopulations expressed Thy 1.2 alloantigen, its density on the cells was
      different and was high in the order of Fr 3, Fr 2, and Fr 1 cells. In terms of
      blastogenic response, Fr 1 cells were highly responsive to either IL 2 or Con A,
      but Fr 2 cells did not respond to Con A, unless IL 2 was present. Fr 3 cells were
      not responsive to Con A even in the presence of IL 2. When fractionated cells
      were cultured in normal culture medium for 12 h, the spontaneous incorporation of
      3H-thymidine (SIT) into the cells was lowered in Fr 3 cells to a greater extent
      than was observed with Fr 1 and Fr 2 cells. These results indicated that the
      response of thymocyte subpopulations to IL 2 and/or Con A was closely related to
      the maturation stages of T cells and that Ly 1-, Ly 2+, PNA+ immature thymocytes
      might consist of two different subpopulations as indicated by their IL 2 response
      and the reduction of SIT capacity by culture.

PMID- 6388056
TI  - Thymic nurse cells and thymic repopulation after whole body sublethal irradiation
      in mice.
AB  - Thymic Nurse Cells (TNCs) are lymphoepithelial complexes which are thought to
      play a role in the early stages of the intrathymic differentiation pathway.
      Therefore, their repopulation kinetics were analyzed in mice after sublethal
      whole-body irradiation. Changes of the number of TNCs per thymus were parallel
      with the evolution of the whole thymocyte population. Particularly, a first wave
      of TNCs restoration was followed by a secondary depletion and a final recovery.
      This suggests that TNCs restoration is related to the proliferating progeny of
      intrathymic radioresistant thymocytes. When normal bone marrow cells were grafted
      intravenously after irradiation, no secondary depletion was found. This pattern
      of restoration was obviously related to thymic repopulation by cells which were
      derived from the inoculated bone marrow. Homing studies with FITC labelled bone
      marrow cells showed that inoculated bone marrow cells did not penetrate TNCs
      early after irradiation. Later on, when immigrant cells started to proliferate,
      they were found preferentially within TNCs before spreading in the whole thymus.
      The results indicate that interactions between immature thymocytes and epithelial
      cells within TNCs are critical for the first steps of intrathymic lymphopoiesis.

PMID- 6388057
TI  - Fine-needle aspiration cytology of liver allografts in the pig.
AB  - We have analyzed the inflammatory changes in pig liver allografts and autografts
      by fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and correlated the cytological findings
      with transplant histology and changes in recipient blood. In nonimmunosuppressed
      piglets (n = 9) the inflammatory episode of rejection occurred promptly, peaked
      on days 4-7, and thereafter subsided in cases in which the graft was accepted (n
      = 6). The early inflammatory infiltrate consisted of all major types of
      inflammatory leukocytes, including T lymphoblasts, B plasmablasts, and plasma
      cells, lymphocytes and monocytes; macrophages dominated the late inflammatory
      lesion of irreversible rejection. In piglets that died of rejection (n = 3), the
      inflammation peaked earlier and the total amount of inflammation, including the
      frequency of blast cells and mononuclear phagocytes, was higher. These
      differences were, however, statistically insignificant and not predictive for
      irreversible rejection. In sham-operated autograft recipients (n = 5) no
      inflammation was recorded in the graft. Application of cyclosporine (n = 5),
      significantly suppressed the total inflammation (P = 0.02 and 0.06 on days 4 and
      7, respectively) and delayed the peak; in addition, both the blastogenic
      component (P = 0.08 on day 4) and the mononuclear phagocyte component (P = 0.03
      on day 7) were clearly suppressed. These inflammatory changes, recorded by the
      FNAB, had a close correlation with biopsy histology. On the other hand,
      determinations of S-ASAT, S-ALAT, and S-AFOS was not correlated with the episodes
      of rejection, and no characteristic changes were seen in blood cytology during
      the rejection episodes either.

PMID- 6388058
TI  - Fetal pancreas transplantation in miniature swine. I. Developmental
      characteristics of fetal pig pancreases.
AB  - The genetically defined miniature pig developed by Sachs et al. was selected as a
      large animal model to test the feasibility of fetal pancreas transplants for
      reversal of insulin-dependent diabetes. In order to test our approach, the first
      key was to characterize the development of the pig pancreas tissues throughout
      fetal life. Pancreas samples were obtained from 102 farm pig fetuses ranging in
      age from 35-110 days and from 39 minipig fetuses removed by Caesarean section
      from 5 timed-pregnant sows between 33 and 73 days after conception. The
      development of the endocrine and exocrine pancreases were examined by
      immunobiochemical assays of insulin, chymotrypsinogen, and trypsinogen. Light and
      electron microscopic examination of pancreases from the critical fetal ages (35
      55 days) were used to confirm the above results. Insulin was already present at
      day 33 and increased rapidly till birth (day 114: 2.2 U/pancreas).
      Chymotrypsinogen activity was first detected at day 43 and trypsinogen activity
      at days 49-50. Enzyme content increased rapidly till days 65-70 and then more
      gradually until birth. Morphological development of exocrine cell granules
      conformed to the above results. The results clearly demonstrated in the pancreas
      of a larger mammal, the pig, that the endocrine elements mature prior to the
      exocrine system. Thus, as we found in rats, pig fetal pancreas also has this
      advantage as a donor tissue for transplantation. An appropriate fetal age for pig
      donors is estimated to be between 45 and 50 days.

PMID- 6388059
TI  - Adult respiratory distress syndrome and convulsions associated with
      administration of cyclosporine in liver transplant recipients.
AB  - A "capillary leak" syndrome resulting from cyclosporine-induced membrane toxicity
      has been postulated as the cause of convulsions and pulmonary edema in bone
      marrow transplant recipients. We describe here the occurrence of similar
      complications in a group of 21 adults receiving liver transplants since July
      1982. Of 12 patients treated with i.v. cyclosporine (4 mg/kg/day), 2 developed an
      adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) within five days of the operation, but
      it was not found in those given prednisolone (0.05-1.0 mg/kg/day) and
      azathioprine (1.0 mg/kg/day). ARDS only occurred when cyclosporine was
      administered through a central vein, and therefore might be related to high
      concentrations of cyclosporine reaching the pulmonary circulation and causing
      damage to vascular membranes. Convulsions occurred in one patient given i.v.
      cyclosporine, and in three when therapy was changed and cyclosporine and
      corticosteroids were used in combination. Convulsions did not occur inthe same
      patients as ARDS, were not part of a generalized "capillary leak" syndrome, and
      were not associated with hypertension or renal failure, as reported elsewhere in
      children. Fluid retention consequent on cyclosporine administration aggravated by
      the use of corticosteroids appears to be the most likely explanation of the
      convulsions.

PMID- 6388060
TI  - Glomerular sclerosis in a renal isograft and identical twin donor. A family
      study.
AB  - Loss of renal mass has been associated with the development of glomerular
      sclerosis in animals and human beings. The pathophysiology of this renal injury
      is unknown, but glomerular sclerosis in animals can be aggravated or accelerated
      following exposure to nephrotoxic antibodies, puromycin aminoglycoside or renal
      irradiation. We describe here the outcome of the first renal transplant performed
      in the British Commonwealth. Glomerular sclerosis occurred in identical twins who
      were kidney donor and recipient, renal failure occurring 14 and 16 years after
      transplantation, respectively. Examination of these twins and all living
      immediate family members showed that six of the seven family members (both twins,
      their mother, and three sisters) had increased concentrations of circulating
      immune complexes, decreased total hemolytic complement, and low or borderline
      concentrations of C4. Only twins with single kidneys had detectable renal
      disease. Other preexisting causes of renal disease in these twins that would
      account for the glomerular sclerosis could not be identified. We suggest that a
      familial immune defect contributed to the development of glomerular sclerosis in
      these twins who were predisposed to renal disease due to loss of renal mass.

PMID- 6388061
TI  - Decreased circulating large granular lymphocytes associated with depressed
      natural killer cell activity in renal transplant recipients.
AB  - Renal transplant recipients (RTR) receiving prednisone and azathioprine (AZ)
      frequently have depressed natural killer (NK) cell activity. In humans, NK
      activity is mediated by the large granular lymphocyte (LGL). To determine the
      mechanism of depressed NK activity among RTR, we quantitated the NK activity of
      peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and the percentage of circulating LGL in
      Giemsa-stained cytocentrifuge preparations of PBL from 20 RTR and 6 healthy
      volunteers. In addition, the PBL were incubated with 1000 U/ml IFN beta to assess
      augmentation of NK activity. Finally, single-cell cytotoxicity assays in agarose
      using highly purified LGL from our study subjects were performed to assess the
      ability of the LGL to bind and to kill the K562 target cells. Mean (+/- 1SD) NK
      activity at a 50:1 effector-to-target ratio using K562 targets was 51.2 +/- 21.8%
      among normals and 12.9 +/- 10.3% in RTR, and it was augmented to 60.5 +/- 13.1%
      and 17.5 +/- 10.3%, respectively, following interferon (IFN) exposure. Mean
      percentage of LGL among PBL in normals was 13.2 +/- 1.2%, and 4.0 +/- 1.7% in
      RTR. A significant correlation existed (R = 0.90) between NK activity and the
      numbers of LGL (P less than .001). In two patients, NK activity following
      cessation of azathioprine and prednisone increased significantly (P less than
      .005), and an increase of LGL from 6%-30% among PBL accompanied the increase in
      NK activity in one patient. Incubation with IFN boosted this patient's NK
      activity from 22% to 62%, suggesting the presence of circulating pre-NK cells
      among the LGL. There was no significant difference in the binding or killing of
      K562 targets by LGL in single-cell assays comparing RTR with normal controls (P
      greater than 0.1), indicating normal functioning LGL in our study subjects. These
      results indicate that decreased circulating LGL among RTR receiving AZ and
      prednisone is associated with depressed NK activity. The ability of IFN to
      augment the NK activity of RTR significantly suggests the presence of circulating
      pre-NK cells. Finally, the rebound of both the circulating number of LGL and the
      NK activity after cessation of immunosuppressive drugs suggests a direct effect
      of those drugs in the inhibition of NK in RTR.

PMID- 6388062
TI  - Absence of correlation between cytolytic T lymphocytes and lethal murine graft
      versus-host disease in response to minor histocompatibility antigens.
AB  - Lethally irradiated mice were transplanted with bone marrow plus spleen cells
      from H-2 identical donor mice. Five of the six recipient strains developed lethal
      GVHD, but the sixth strain did not develop any signs of GVHD. Spleen cells from
      all six transplanted strains were cytotoxic to recipient strain target cells in a
      short-term chromium release assay. The cytotoxic spleen cells were antigen
      specific for recipient strain target cells, Thy-1+ and Lyt-2+--and some were also
      Lyt-1+. These data demonstrate for the first time that the presence of
      antirecipient cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) does not correlate with lethal GVHD.
      Although CTL may contribute to the pathogenesis of GVHD in response to minor
      histocompatibility antigens, they do not appear to be the primary effector
      mechanism.

PMID- 6388063
TI  - The effect of donor pretreatment on interstitial dendritic cell content and rat
      cardiac allograft survival.
AB  - Different pretreatment schedules were applied to rat heart donors and their
      effect on heart interstitial dendritic cell content was observed using monoclonal
      antibodies and immunofluorescence techniques. Interstitial dendritic cell (IDC)
      numbers were correlated with the histology and survival of hearts transplanted
      into untreated allogeneic recipients. Hearts from AS donors pretreated with
      cyclophosphamide and total-body irradiation showed prolonged survival in DA
      recipients only when more than 95% of the graft interstitial dendritic cells were
      depleted. Reconstitution studies established that prolonged graft survival
      following donor pretreatment depended on the removal of bone-marrow-derived cells
      and that these were IDCs. These results suggest that the IDC is the most
      significant "passenger leucocyte", and that very small numbers of residual IDCs
      were still sufficient to cause rapid rejection. DA rat heart contained three
      times as many IDCs as the AS strain and DA hearts were much more difficult to
      deplete of IDCs. Pretreated DA hearts were rejected by AS recipients, although
      grafts with a lower IDC content resulted in an attenuated histological rejection
      response and a markedly decreased recipient lymphocytotoxin response. To be
      effective, donor pretreatment schedules had to be initiated 5 days prior to
      transplantation. Pretreatment 6 hr prior to transplantation failed to deplete IDC
      or prolong graft survival even in he weak (ASxDA)F1 to DA model. Pretreatment
      protocols used clinically have probably not removed IDCs adequately and the
      development of methods that deplete IDCs effectively could improve graft survival
      at no risk to the recipient.

PMID- 6388064
TI  - The effect of salt intake on cyclosporine-induced impairment of renal function in
      rats.
AB  - Three groups of rats were fed a low-sodium diet. Groups 1 drank water and was
      treated with cyclosporine, 100 mg kg-1 48 h-1 p.o. for 3 weeks (low-salt-treated
      group). Group 2 drank 0.15 M saline and was also treated with cyclosporine (high
      salt-treated group). Group 3 drank water and was treated with the vehicle (low
      salt-vehicle group). Measurements were made during a control period and weekly
      during the 3-week treatment period and a 3-week recovery period. Both
      cyclosporine-treated groups lost weight during treatment but the rises in serum
      creatinine and blood urea and decrease in creatinine clearance were greater in
      the low-salt group. The vehicle group gained weight and had no change in the
      other parameters over the three weeks. There was an increase in urine volume and
      sodium excretion in the high-salt group associated with cyclosporine treatment.
      Although the low-salt groups had a higher plasma renin concentration than the
      high-salt group there were no changes produced by cyclosporine treatment.
      Histopathological examination showed mild tubular lesions with vacuolar
      degeneration of proximal tubular cells. This was more prevalent in the low-salt
      cyclosporine-treated group. The plasma concentrations of cyclosporine were not
      different after one-week treatment but were slightly greater after 2 week and 3
      week treatment in the low-salt group. We have suggested that the greater
      impairment of renal function in the low-salt group produced by cyclosporine may
      be contributed to by an involvement of tubuloglomerular feedback.

PMID- 6388066
TI  - Circulating immune complexes in allogeneic marrow graft recipients.

PMID- 6388065
TI  - Effects of genetic background on transmission of incompatibility resulting from
      mutant minor histocompatibility genes.
AB  - A mutant minor histocompatibility gene, H(KH-11), was earlier reported to be
      unable to generate a skin allograft response unless the graft donor carried both
      the mutant gene and H-2Db. H(KH-11) and H-2 are unlinked, so animals heterozygous
      at the two relevant loci transmitted the mutant phenotype to only 25% of their
      progeny when backcrossed to an appropriate partner, although 50% actually
      inherited the mutant gene. To examine the generality of the requirement for
      multiple loci to generate graft incompatibility, we investigated the transmission
      of mutant (incompatible) phenotypes for 24 different mutant non-H-2
      histocompatibility genes. Approximately half the mutant phenotypes were
      transmitted in frequencies suggesting that multiple loci may be involved. In
      certain cases, an individual mutation was transmitted at different frequencies
      when backcrossed onto different inbred strain backgrounds--as if the mutant
      phenotype were due to a single segregating locus on one background, but required
      two unlinked segregating loci on another. In cases in which multiple loci were
      involved, the relevant H-2 complex often seemed to be coselected in the backcross
      progeny along with the mutant minor H-gene.

PMID- 6388074
TI  - Transmission of tuberculosis by kidney transplantation.
AB  - Tuberculosis occurred in two patients, each of whom received a kidney from the
      same cadaver donor whose cerebrospinal fluid cultures grew Mycobacteria following
      organ donation. Although the degree of immunosuppression and graft function were
      similar in the recipients, one died of disseminated tuberculosis. Kidneys
      contaminated with certain pathogens, including Mycobacteria, should not be
      transplanted. Transplant recipients with tuberculosis require prompt
      antituberculous therapy, and may require transplant nephrectomy for persistent
      evidence of urinary tract tuberculosis.

PMID- 6388067
TI  - Lethal cardiac and cerebral toxoplasmosis in a patient with acute myeloid
      leukemia after successful allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 6388071
TI  - The early posttransplant prognosis of acute renal allograft rejection as
      determined by detection of cytotoxic antibodies to lymphoid B cell lines.
AB  - We have studied serial samples of pretransplant and posttransplant sera for
      cytotoxic antibodies to lymphoid B cell lines (LCL) in 45 renal allograft
      recipients. A total of 48 rejection reactions occurred in 31 patients. A
      comparison of each patient's most reactive posttransplant serum showed a
      significantly higher reactivity in the ten patients with early allograft failure
      when compared with the 21 patients with reversible rejections and the 14 patients
      who had no rejections. Rejection reactions were easily differentiated by
      comparing the change in cytotoxic reactivity to LCL of recipients' sera drawn at
      the time of a rejection episode with the reactivity of their pretransplant sera.
      In 32 rejections considered non-antibody-associated cytotoxic reactivity of
      recipients' sera to LCL either decreased or remained essentially unchanged during
      the rejection. In 16 rejections considered antibody-associated the recipients'
      sera drawn during the rejection episode showed an increase in cytotoxic
      reactivity ranging from 40% to 100%. Response to antirejection therapy and three
      month graft survival had a significant correlation with changes in LCL antibody
      reactivity during a rejection. Only two of the 32 rejections considered non
      antibody-associated failed to reverse compared with eight of the 16 antibody
      associated rejections (P less than .001). Graft survival at three months in
      patients with non-antibody-associated rejections was 90% compared with 27% in the
      11 patients who had antibody-associated rejections (P less than .001) Other
      parameters possibly related to the severity of a rejection reaction or to early
      allograft prognosis did not differ appreciably between the two types of
      rejections. This included the time posttransplant to the first rejection episode,
      the number of patients with multiple rejections in the first three months, and
      rejections requiring dialysis therapy. Determination of a change in cytotoxic
      reactivity to LCL during a rejection reaction enables one to predict the response
      to antirejection therapy and early allograft prognosis. This may ultimately be
      useful in selecting different types of antirejection therapy for individual
      patients.

PMID- 6388068
TI  - Treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease with monoclonal antibody OKT3.
      Clinical results and effect on circulating T lymphocytes.
AB  - Eight recipients of a bone-marrow graft from HLA-identical, MLR-nonreactive
      sibling donors who had developed grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease
      (aGVHD), were given 14 consecutive daily injections of 5 mg of a murine anti-T
      cell monoclonal antibody (MCA) called OKT3. Four patients with grade II aGVHD
      showed a complete response; two patients with grade II had a partial response,
      and two patients (one with grade II and one with grade IV) showed no improvement
      at all. The main side effect was a high spiking fever after the first injection.
      T cells were monitored with monoclonal antibodies, indirect immunofluorescence,
      and flow cytometry. Circulating T3+ T cells dropped to virtually zero within 1 hr
      following the first injection. Low numbers of E-rosetting cells were still
      demonstrable during OKT3 therapy. During the second week of treatment, T-cell
      markers (T3, T4, T8) started to increase again, in spite of excess antibody in
      the circulation. At that time, T cells showed weaker fluorescence with OKT3 than
      before OKT3 therapy, suggesting modulation of the T3 antigen. After cessation of
      OKT3 therapy, T cells reached pretreatment levels within one week. None of the
      six patients studied developed anti-mouse-Ig antibodies. These results suggest
      that OKT3 therapy is effective in limited aGVHD. The absence of anti-mouse-Ig
      antibody formation may allow repeated courses of MCA that may add to their
      therapeutical potential.

PMID- 6388070
TI  - Lymphocyte function in patients treated with monoclonal anti-T3 antibody for
      acute cadaveric renal allograft rejection.
AB  - We are participating in a multicenter trial testing the efficacy of a murine
      monoclonal antihuman peripheral T lymphocyte antibody (OKT3.PAN) as
      immunosuppressive therapy for the treatment of acute cadaveric renal allograft
      rejection. Although clinical data indicate that administration of this antibody
      clears the circulating lymphocyte pool of T3-positive cells, some in vitro
      studies have called into question whether the antibody is indeed lymphocytotoxic.
      Other in vitro data suggest that the antibody is a potent mitogen. To address
      these problems and investigate the effect of the antibody on T cell function, we
      have studied spontaneous blastogenesis, response to the lectins
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (ConA), and response to donor
      specific and non-donor-specific alloantigen in a one-way MLC in 9 patients
      treated with anti-T3 for acute rejection and 9 steroid-treated controls. Patients
      cells were harvested with standard techniques and studied after transplantation,
      but prior to acute rejection, on days 3 and 12 of therapy and 1 week after
      cessation of therapy. All patients received baseline immunosuppression with
      azathioprine and steroids. Acute rejection was reversed with alpha T3 antibody (5
      mg i.v./day-1 X 14 days) in 8 of 9 patients and in 6 of 9 steroid-treated
      controls. Spontaneous blastogenesis was not enhanced by anti-T3 nor did it rise
      during therapy. PHA and Con A responsiveness were dramatically and significantly
      depressed by therapy with anti-T3 or steroids on days 3 and 12. Although PHA
      responsiveness rebounded past baseline 1 week after monoclonal therapy, it was
      depressed compared with the steroid-treated patients. On the other hand, Con A
      responsiveness was still significantly depressed one week after monoclonal
      therapy compared with prerejection values or with controls. Response to donor
      specific and to non-donor-specific alloantigen was significantly depressed with
      anti-T3 therapy compared with steroid controls, and it did not rise during
      therapy. Donor-specific responses tended to be slower in returning to
      pretreatment values in the OKT3 patients compared with steroid controls. In
      summary: (1) Anti-T3 antibody did not enhance spontaneous blastogenesis in
      patients treated for acute rejection; (2) Con A and PHA responses were
      dramatically depressed by anti-T3 therapy and returned to baseline following
      different time courses; (3) Non-donor-specific alloresponse and, more important,
      donor-specific alloresponse, was more depressed--and for longer periods--by anti
      T3 than by conventional steroid anti-rejection therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 6388072
TI  - Neopterin as a new biochemical marker in the clinical monitoring of bone marrow
      transplant recipients.
AB  - In previous reports we demonstrated that increased amounts of the
      pyrazinopyrimidine compound neopterin are released in the context of T lymphocyte
      activation. The aim of this investigation was twofold: (1) to define the
      contribution of hemopoetic cells to neopterin excretion, and (2) to search for
      the clinical utility of this biochemical marker in the monitoring of such
      patients. Thirteen patients were grafted with allogeneic, 1 with syngeneic, and 2
      with autologous marrow. Urinary neopterin excretion was measured daily by means
      of high-performance liquid chromatography from the time before transplantation
      until the patients' discharge from the isolation unit. In all patients bone
      marrow aplasia was associated with depressed, and engraftment with increased,
      neopterin values. Rising neopterin levels invariably preceded the cytological
      definition of "take," on the average by seven days. After hematological
      reconstitution, neopterin excretion continuously declined in all 5 patients
      lacking infectious complications and/o-graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). A
      transitory increase of urinary neopterin followed by normalization was observed
      in 5 further patients. At the time of increased neopterin excretion, 4
      experienced either herpetic infection or GVHD, both of which resolved promptly
      under the appropriate treatment. Neopterin values remained elevated after
      engraftment in 6 patients who suffered from persistent GVHD. Results of this
      pilot study suggest that (1) bone marrow derived cells are crucially involved in
      production of neopterin in vivo and (2) evaluation of neopterin excretion
      patterns after hemopoietic reconstitution enables one to discriminate between
      patients with and without an increased risk of developing GVHD or viral disease.

PMID- 6388078
TI  - Reactivity of lymphocyte cytotoxic autoantibodies from renal patients with cell
      line K562.

PMID- 6388073
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of intravenous cyclosporine in bone marrow transplant patients.
      Comparison of two assay methods.
AB  - The influence of assay method on steady-state cyclosporine (CsA) pharmacokinetics
      was studied in 18 patients with leukemia or aplastic anemia undergoing allogeneic
      marrow transplantation who received i.v. CsA for prophylaxis or treatment of
      graft-versus-host disease. Since CsA is extensively metabolized and subject to
      biliary elimination, CsA courses were divided according to the presence (serum
      bilirubin greater than 2.0 mg/dl) or absence (serum bilirubin less than or equal
      to 1.2 mg/dl) of hepatic dysfunction. All patients had normal renal function.
      Serum CsA concentrations were measured concurrently by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and
      high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Serum concentration-time data were
      analyzed by standard nonlinear regression methods. Systemic clearance (Cls)
      calculated from HPLC results was higher than that derived from RIA results,
      regardless of hepatic function (P less than 0.05). These data indicate that
      results obtained by RIA overestimate CSP concentrations, presumably because of
      the presence of crossreactive CSP metabolites. These differences can
      significantly affect derived pharmacokinetic parameters. Therefore, clinicians
      who make dosage recommendations based on pharmacokinetic parameters should
      consider the effect of assay method.

PMID- 6388076
TI  - Ontogeny of human epidermal Langerhans cells.

PMID- 6388075
TI  - Modulation of the antigraft response by preimmunization. Lack of correlation
      between regulatory events and graft survival.
AB  - Using two H-2 congeneic mouse strain combinations, the effect of donor specific
      i.v. preimmunizations with allogeneic spleen cells was studied. Parameters
      analyzed were survival time of the subsequent skin graft, graft-induced delayed
      type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions, and humoral immune responses evoked by
      immunization and grafting. Depending on the dose of allogeneic cells used for
      preimmunization, a suppression of the DTH response was observed, commonly
      accompanied by a similarly dose-dependent antibody formation that was inversely
      related to the DTH response. Neither DTH reactivity nor the antibody response
      were correlated in this system with the survival time of the skin graft. The only
      modulation of the survival time to be observed was an accelerated rejection of
      the graft caused by nonirradiated, as compared with irradiated, donor spleen
      cells. The data are discussed with regard to the clinically observed effect of
      blood transfusions on the survival of renal transplants and the relationship
      between DTH and graft rejection.

PMID- 6388077
TI  - Changes in serum amyloid A protein and beta-2-microglobulin in association with
      liver allograft rejection.

PMID- 6388079
TI  - Prognostic value of glutamyl dehydrogenase activity in clinical liver
      transplantation.

PMID- 6388069
TI  - The effect of HLA-A, -B matching on cadaver renal allograft rejection comparing
      public and private specificities.
AB  - Data collected prospectively on 3811 cadaver renal transplants performed between
      June 1977 and July 1982 by the 42 member institutions of the South-Eastern Organ
      Procurement Foundation (SEOPF) were analyzed to determine whether donor-recipient
      compatibility based on public rather than private HLA-A,-B specificities
      influenced the beneficial effect of HLA matching on outcome. HLA compatibility
      was calculated considering match and mismatch based on common private or various
      public (crossreactive group, [CREG]) specificities. Donor-recipient compatibility
      using certain CREG assignments provided an equivalent means of stratifying graft
      outcome by the degree of HLA-A,-B match or mismatch, and other CREGs assignments
      did not. Multivariate Cox regression analysis of donor-recipient compatibility
      based on certain public antigens showed as high an association (P less than 10(
      5) between good matching and decreased graft rejection as did matching for
      private antigens alone. Patient stratification by HLA match provided a stronger
      association with graft outcome than by HLA mismatch, irrespective of whether
      private or public antigens were considered. The likelihood of finding a better
      match was significantly increased using CREG assignments, and patients with at
      least one matched private antigen had equivalent or better graft survival when
      additional public antigens were matched. These findings indicate that with
      conventional immunosuppressive therapy: (1) matching of private or public HLA-A,
      B antigens plays a highly significant role in decreasing renal allograft
      rejection; (2) matching based on certain public antigens can provide the same or
      a better association with outcome as private antigens; and (3) the association
      (crossreactivity) of various HLA specificities can be defined on a functional
      basis in terms of graft survival.

PMID- 6388081
TI  - Complications of malaria.

PMID- 6388082
TI  - Evaluation of immunoassays for diagnosis and management of sleeping sickness in
      Liberia.
AB  - Nineteen parasitologically confirmed Liberian sleeping sickness patients were
      observed for up to 40 months. Efficacy of suramin therapy was indicated by
      decrease of serum and CSF immunoglobulins as well as by decreasing IgG and IgM
      serum antibody levels as determined by ELISA and fluorescence antibody tests. The
      tendency of serum antibody concentrations to increase again during the second and
      third years after treatment could be explained in one patient only who
      experienced relapse or reinfection, confirmed by demonstration of blood
      trypanosomes. Known endemic and nonendemic areas in Liberia could not be
      discriminated by the prevalence of Trypanosoma IgG antibodies. Furthermore, IgM
      antibody was present in 18% of a random sample of sera from non-endemic ares. The
      possibility of trypanosomes other than T.b. gambiense to stimulate antibody
      production in man is discussed.

PMID- 6388080
TI  - Noradrenaline in upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. A prospective, randomized,
      double blind controlled clinical trial.
AB  - The effect of noradrenaline (8 mg in 100 ml cold saline) gastric lavage was
      compared with that of cold saline alone in 42 patients with upper
      gastrointestinal haemorrhage in a prospective, randomized, double blind study.
      Fifty three per cent (11/21) of the patients given noradrenaline stopped bleeding
      within two hours of treatment compared with 14% (3/21) of those given saline
      alone. We suggest that noradrenaline gastric lavage is a simple, safe and
      effective method for controlling upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage and could be
      used with advantage in peripheral hospitals in tropical countries.

PMID- 6388083
TI  - Differentiation between Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli on the basis of
      their sialic acid content.
AB  - Four day-old culture forms of Trypanosoma rangeli strain San Augustin were tested
      with the following lectins: Canavalia ensiformis, Pisum sativum, Ricinus communis
      120, Sojahispida, Aaptos papillata II, Triticum vulgaris, Limulus polyphemus,
      lberis amara and Arachis hypogaea. These flagellates were only agglutinated by
      the lectins from Canavalia ensiformis and Pisum sativum. Furthermore four day-old
      culture forms of the T. cruzi strains Morcego 1354, P-60, Tehuantepec and WA
      301/130 as well as the T. rangli strains San Augustin, Venezuela and DA-3412 were
      treated with neuraminidase and the supernatant examined by the Aminoff TBA assay.
      While the supernatant of the T. cruzi strains showed a red colour complex the
      supernatant of the T. rangeli strains was weak yellow-green. In contrast to the
      T. cruzi strains no N-acetylneuraminic acid was detectable on the cell surface of
      T. rangeli. Therefore the Aminoff test can be used for the differentiation
      between T. cruzi and T. rangeli.

PMID- 6388084
TI  - [Partition of cell suspensions in 2-phase systems].
AB  - The physical principles of cell suspension partition in aqueous two-polymer phase
      systems are considered. The partition procedures and phase composition are
      analyzed. The results of application of analytic and preparative two-phase
      partition are presented.

PMID- 6388085
TI  - [Mechanisms and age-specific characteristics of nuclear DNA replication].
AB  - Replication mechanisms of nuclear DNA in eucaryotic cells and their changes with
      the organism aging are discussed. Tge polyrepliconic nature of replicating DNA,
      discontinuous synthesis of its newly formed chains, enzymic apparatus of
      replication and regulation of this process are described. Special attention is
      paid to destabilization of the secondary structure of the replicating molecule.
      In aging, changes in the DNA replication were found at each level of its
      regulation, i.e. at synthesis precursors, enzymic replication complex and
      replicating DNA structure. This may be an indication of the altered regulation of
      the DNA replication with aging.

PMID- 6388088
TI  - The artificial bladder: a historical review.
AB  - The search for the ideal surgical replacement for all or part of the urinary
      collecting system continues. A wide variety of biologic and nonbiologic
      substitutes have been tried. Even though much experience has been gained in this
      area, the use of artificial material remains at an experimental level and needs
      further development. This review presents the history, problems, and developments
      of the replacement of the urinary bladder by nonbiologic materials.

PMID- 6388086
TI  - [Peroperative cryolysis of the intercostal nerves in thoracotomies].

PMID- 6388089
TI  - Dissecting aneurysm of renal artery. Reversible cause of high-renin hypertension.
AB  - A forty-two-year-old man was evaluated for malignant hypertension. Renal
      angiography demonstrated several aneurysmal dilatations and dissections involving
      the right renal artery. During a period of conservative medical management,
      hypertension was resolved; repeat renal angiography demonstrated marked
      spontaneous resolution of the lesion.

PMID- 6388087
TI  - [Jacques Cartier's description of a major disease occurring during his 2d voyage
      to Canada].

PMID- 6388090
TI  - Arteriocalyceal fistula after grafted kidney biopsy. Successful management by
      selective catheter embolization.

PMID- 6388092
TI  - Hormonal therapy in prostatic carcinoma.
AB  - A significant number of patients with newly diagnosed prostatic cancer will be
      found to have metastatic disease at time of presentation. Since the work of
      Huggins and Hodges in the early 1940s, endocrine manipulation and androgen
      deprivation have become the accepted methods of treating this group of patients.
      Approximately 70 per cent to 80 per cent of patients demonstrate positive
      clinical response. Many experience a decrease in the size of the primary tumor, a
      decrease in the levels of serum acid phosphatase, relief of bone pain, a decrease
      in bladder outlet obstruction, an increase in appetite, and a generalized
      improvement in their overall sense of well-being. Adequate hormonal therapy
      usually consists of estrogen administration of bilateral orchiectomy, but other
      modalities include administration of antiandrogens, progestational agents,
      androgen-synthesis inhibitors, and, recently, gonadotropin-releasing hormone
      analogues. This latter group may have increasing applications, particularly if
      the evidence indicating reduced side effects continues to be substantiated. The
      probability of producing a positive clinical response is increased when hormonal
      therapy is introduced at the time of diagnosis, at which point the tumor is still
      likely to be androgen dependent.

PMID- 6388093
TI  - Hormonal therapy: the benefits of postponed initiation.
AB  - Although the efficacy of antiandrogen therapy is universally recognized in
      patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma, the dosage and timing of endocrine
      intervention remain controversial. Deferred anti-androgen therapy is advocated in
      asymptomatic patients with advanced prostatic cancer, primarily because of the
      palliative nature of this therapy and the attendant side effects of decreased
      libido, gynecomastia, or the cardiovascular morbidity associated with estrogen
      administration. Methodology may soon be available clinically for identification
      of patients with androgen-dependent tumors to maximize the effectiveness of
      treatment.

PMID- 6388091
TI  - Sonographic evaluation of hypertrophy of septum of Bertin.
AB  - Sonography was utilized to evaluate 12 patients with hypertrophy of the septum of
      Bertin. To confirm the diagnosis, angiography was used in 7 patients and
      radionuclide imaging in 2. Three sonographic characteristics were found: (1) an
      isoechogenic, ellipsoid mass with an echogenic linear rim of renal sinus fat; (2)
      contiguity of the mass with a normal-placed septum of Bertin; and (3) the
      occurrence of the mass effect always at the level of the emergence of the renal
      vein. The sonographic findings could be divided into two definite types. Type I
      showed moderate hypertrophy with a mass effect ranging from 1.1 by 2.3 cm to 2.0
      by 3.2 cm in diameter, usually presenting with a smooth contour and discrete mass
      effect on the intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Type II showed severe hypertrophy with
      a mass effect ranging from 3.2 by 4.0 cm to 3.5 by 4.5 cm in diameter, usually
      presenting with a lobulated contour and irregular stretching of the calyceal
      system on IVP. The differential diagnosis is discussed. In conclusion, we found
      that sonography associated with excretory urography is an accurate method for the
      diagnosis of hypertrophy of the septum of Bertin.

PMID- 6388094
TI  - Chemotherapy: is it effective in treatment of prostatic cancer?
AB  - The National Prostatic Cancer Project and other cooperative groups have shown
      chemotherapy to be effective in the treatment of prostatic cancer when either a
      single antitumor agent or combinations of agents are administered. Growing
      evidence is available to support the premise that combining antitumor and
      hormonal therapy as initial treatment for metastatic disease may be more
      effective than delaying such therapy until the patient becomes refractory to
      hormones. Current results and ongoing protocols utilizing cytotoxic agents are
      reviewed.

PMID- 6388096
TI  - Association of American Physicians.

PMID- 6388095
TI  - Presentation of the George M. Kober Medal to Lewis Thomas.

PMID- 6388102
TI  - Suppression of recurrent genital herpes with oral acyclovir.

PMID- 6388099
TI  - Reduction of mortality in chloramphenicol-treated patients with severe typhoid
      fever by high dose dexamethasone.

PMID- 6388101
TI  - Zinc in sickle cell disease.
AB  - Occurrence of zinc deficiency in adult sickle cell anemia subjects has been
      reported previously. Improvement in secondary sexual characteristics,
      normalization of plasma ammonia and serum testosterone levels, and reversal of
      dark adaptation abnormality and anergy following zinc supplementation in sickle
      cell anemia subjects have been observed. In this paper, we report the results of
      a controlled trial with zinc supplementation in 14- to 19-year-old sickle cell
      anemia subjects who were retarded in growth. Our data show that zinc
      supplementation significantly improved longitudinal growth and body weight in
      these subjects.

PMID- 6388100
TI  - Is hyperpolarization a transducer of insulin action?

PMID- 6388106
TI  - [Use of nonpenetrating meridional keratoplasty for correcting myopia].

PMID- 6388105
TI  - Monoclonal anti-T12 antibody as therapy for renal allograft rejection.
AB  - Nineteen renal allograft recipients experiencing rejection were infused with
      monoclonal mouse anti-human T12 directed to a T lymphocyte differentiation
      antigen expressed on mature post-thymic cells. Patients were offered this therapy
      as an alternative to high-dose methylprednisolone after diagnosis of an acute
      rejection episode within 3 months of transplantation. Seven patients had clear
      cut reversals of rejection activity within the 10-day period of treatment. Four
      additional patients had delayed responses in association with acute tubular
      necrosis and/or cyclosporine toxicity, and they received other therapies
      according to protocol when anti-T12 alone had not caused a response after 5 days.
      All but one of these responding patients have been free of subsequent acute
      rejection over a 1-15 month follow-up period. Treatment failures appear to be
      related to the presence of allo-antibody-mediated vasculitis. Therapy was well
      tolerated. These preliminary studies have revealed the existence of a T12
      negative subpopulation of extrathymic T cells, usually undetectable in peripheral
      blood.

PMID- 6388098
TI  - Distribution, biosynthesis, and physiological role of corticotropin-releasing
      factor in the human: an overview.
AB  - Our findings to date indicate that: A peptide resembling oCRF is present in human
      and mammalian hypothalamus. oCRF is present in human lumbar cerebrospinal fluid.
      oCRF concentrations do not differ in CSF from normal individuals and from
      patients with Cushing's syndrome. oCRF appears to be synthesized via a large
      oligopeptide precursor. An oCRF-like molecule (oCRF-LI) is present in
      hypothalamic brain tissue. We have also observed more tentative evidence of low
      levels of oCRF-LI outside of the brain. oCRF is likely to be a central mediator
      of stress in its multiple forms. We believe that oCRF is clearly of major
      physiological importance, but that many critical unanswered questions remain.
      Probably, the most fascinating of these, which we are only beginning to
      comprehend, concerns the functions of CRF in extrahypothalamic brain as well as
      the CRF which appears to be present outside the brain.

PMID- 6388097
TI  - Mevinolin stimulates receptor-mediated clearance of low density lipoprotein from
      plasma in familial hypercholesterolemia heterozygotes.
AB  - The current results show that one can exploit the normal regulation of receptor
      synthesis to stimulate the single normal gene in FH heterozygotes to produce an
      increased number of LDL receptors. This stimulation can be achieved by drugs that
      inhibit HMG CoA reductase in the liver and by maneuvers that cause bile acid
      depletion. These two therapeutic approaches are most effective when they are
      combined. It seems reasonable to speculate that such a profound lowering of
      plasma cholesterol levels will minimize the development of atherosclerosis in FH
      heterozygotes. In a broader sense, the success of this regulatory manipulation
      raises the possibility that other genetic diseases may be treated through
      manipulation of regulatory signals that control the rates of synthesis of gene
      products.

PMID- 6388109
TI  - [Method of applying a corneal suture].

PMID- 6388103
TI  - Cell interactions in osteoarthritis: proposed role for cartilage-derived growth
      factor.

PMID- 6388108
TI  - [Healon in reconstructive ophthalmic surgery].

PMID- 6388104
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of a competitive renin inhibitory peptide in humans: evidence
      for multiple mechanisms of action.

PMID- 6388112
TI  - [Variants of primary plastic correction of post-neoplastic defects of the lower
      lip].

PMID- 6388113
TI  - [Laparostomy in suppurative peritonitis (review of foreign literature)].

PMID- 6388107
TI  - [A new method of penetrating keratoprosthesis (simultaneous implantation of a
      keratoprosthesis and retrocorneal autochondrokeratoplasty)].

PMID- 6388114
TI  - [Contribution of the journal "Khirurgicheskii vestnik" to the development of
      surgical thought in Russia].

PMID- 6388110
TI  - [L. G. Belliarminov--outstanding scientist, public figure and organizer of
      ophthalmological care for the population (on the 125th anniversary of his
      birth)].

PMID- 6388111
TI  - [Vestnik Oftal'mologii 75 years ago].

PMID- 6388117
TI  - [Instrumental and functional diagnosis of pyelonephritis in the transplanted
      kidney].
AB  - The authors analyse complex employment of the method of ultrasonic echography,
      rheography and thermography in detecting early symptoms of acute pyelonephritis
      of the transplanted kidney in 246 patients. Characteristic features of acute
      pyelonephritis of the transplanted kidney are determined and the method of
      differential diagnosis between acute pyelonephritis of the transplant and the
      rejection crisis is proposed. The methods of examination are described allowing
      the dynamic observation of the transplanted kidney state.

PMID- 6388116
TI  - [Pancreatogastroduodenal resection with decompression of the anastomosis area].
AB  - The author describes the operative technique used in 18 patients with pancreatic
      tumor. Decompression of the anastomoses was made through laparoscopic
      hepatocholecystostomy, jejunostomy and nasogastral probe. Two patients died after
      operation.

PMID- 6388119
TI  - [Hermetization of intestinal sutures with the biological glue "sulfacrylate"].

PMID- 6388118
TI  - [Pathogenesis and surgical tactics in varicose ulcers of the lower limbs].
AB  - The character and specific features of the venous blood circulation in lower
      extremities were determined by clinico-angiographic studies in 358 patients with
      trophic ulcers resulting from varicose disease of lower extremities. Causes of
      the formation of the ulcer are analyzed, methods of correcting the disturbed
      venous hemodynamics are proposed in relation to the pathology revealed.
      Indications for dissection of the ulcer are developed.

PMID- 6388120
TI  - [An abdominal form of pseudotuberculosis simulating acute appendicitis].

PMID- 6388125
TI  - [Lymphography using a Soviet autoinjector].

PMID- 6388124
TI  - [Suturing of perforated gastroduodenal ulcers].

PMID- 6388123
TI  - [Single-stage auto- and allodermoplasty in extensive deep burns in children].

PMID- 6388121
TI  - [Duodenal injuries].
AB  - Experience with the treatment of 33 patients with injuries of the duodenum is
      presented: 17 patients with ruptures of the duodenum, 16 patients with wounds.
      Post-operative complications were developed in 21 patients, 13 patients died. The
      two-row suture of the wound and decompression by nasogastroduodenal probe are
      considered by the authors to be the adequate operation for most of the patients.

PMID- 6388126
TI  - [Sharp-pointed foreign bodies in the heart and pericardium].

PMID- 6388115
TI  - [Indicators of nonspecific resistance of the body of patients with stomach cancer
      subjected to different methods of preoperative care].
AB  - An analysis of observation of 102 patients with gastric cancer has shown the
      application of anabolic steroid drugs in combination with plastic and energetic
      substrates, vitamins and biostimulators to result in increased indices of non
      specific resistance in the preoperative period. The operative trauma against this
      background results in considerably less depression of resistance mechanisms than
      in the group of patients with the traditional preoperative management. It is
      followed by a less amount of early complications and lethality after operation.

PMID- 6388128
TI  - [Traumatic suppurative-necrotic pancreatitis].
AB  - Among 105 patients with traumatic pancreatitis there were 32 patients with pyo
      necrotic pancreatitis. The diagnosis and treatment of pyo-necrotic pancreatitis
      are described.

PMID- 6388127
TI  - [Late results with a deep suture of the common bile duct].
AB  - Analysis of long-term results has shown that the primary suture of the common
      bile duct is quite a reliable method for completing choledochotomy provided it is
      used in case of good patency of bile eliminating ducts having no concrements.

PMID- 6388134
TI  - Nutritional management and congenital defects of exotic felidae.

PMID- 6388132
TI  - Feline dermatology.

PMID- 6388133
TI  - Infectious diseases of nondomestic cats.

PMID- 6388130
TI  - Newer knowledge of feline bronchopulmonary disease.

PMID- 6388129
TI  - [Technical characteristics of selective proximal vagotomy].
AB  - The work describes and presents original illustrations of specific features of
      the technique of selective proximal vagotomy developed in anatomo-surgical
      examinations and successfully used in 108 patients with duodenal ulcer. The
      follow-up investigation of remote results later than 3 years showed good results
      in 94% of the patients examined.

PMID- 6388131
TI  - Advances in feline cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 6388136
TI  - Use of echography in bitches for detection of ovulation and pregnancy.

PMID- 6388135
TI  - Infectious respiratory disease.

PMID- 6388137
TI  - Pathobiology of copper toxicity.
AB  - A review is presented of various aspects of copper (Cu) metabolism. The Cu
      absorption from the gastrointestinal tract in monogastric animals differs from
      that in ruminants. This is influenced by Cu binding compounds, sulphide
      production in the rumen, and molybdenum and zinc concentrations of the diet.
      Moreover, the valence of the Cu ions may influence the availability of Cu in the
      intestine. Metallothionein and lysosomes are involved in the accumulation of
      copper in the liver. The different findings in various Cu storage diseases may
      reflect different mechanisms of disease. Cu-induced liver cell damage and
      haemolysis may be the result of lipid peroxidation.

PMID- 6388122
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of nephrotomy methods].
AB  - Four methods of nephrotomy different in the means of suturing the operation wound
      of the kidney were studied in experiments in dogs (1--the interrupted suture with
      the involvement of a wide layer of the parenchyma; 2--the interrupted V-suture
      with the topical picture of the vessels taken into consideration; 3--the
      interrupted suture with the topical picture of the vessels taken into
      consideration; 4--the interrupted suture with hemostasis in the wound). The
      advantages of the 3d and 4th techniques are shown.

PMID- 6388139
TI  - Comparative pathology of endometrial carcinoma.
AB  - A review is given of the comparative pathology of endometrial carcinomas
      regarding the incidence, the morphology, and the relation with endometrial
      hyperplasia. Compared to man, endometrial carcinomas in animals are fairly rare,
      except in rabbits, in cattle, and in a stock of Han: Wistar rats. In rabbits the
      endometrial carcinomas are mostly primary multiple and present in both horns.
      Histologically they are almost always adenocarcinomas. The histological structure
      can vary considerably with regard to the degree of differentiation. In cattle the
      endometrial carcinomas are mostly singular. Histologically they are mostly
      adenocarcinomas, often accompanied by formation of much dense fibrous tissue. In
      rats the endometrial carcinomas are mostly primary multiple adenocarcinomas. In
      man as well as in the rabbit and in the rat, relationships have been described
      between endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma. It is striking that in
      the dog, a species in which endometrial hyperplasia very often occurs,
      endometrial carcinomas should be rare. The endometrial carcinoma in the rabbit as
      an animal model for human endometrial carcinoma is discussed extensively. In both
      species there are signs indicating relationships between endometrial carcinomas
      and sex hormones, especially oestrogens. The incidence in rabbits is very high.
      Endometrial carcinomas in rabbits can be transplanted subcutaneously in the same
      rabbit. They can also be cultured in vitro. Moreover the rabbit is a suitable
      species to study the progesterone/progesterone-receptor complex by determining
      the synthesis of the progesterone-induced protein uteroglobin which may be
      important in studying endometrial carcinomas. Uteroglobin is a good marker for a
      functional 'Progesterone-PR-DNA-mRNAug-Uteroglobin- System' (or PUG
      System).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6388142
TI  - Inhibition of adhesion of Escherichia coli K88 antigen by mammary secretions of
      susceptible and resistant sows.
AB  - Anti-adhesive activities of colostrum and milk from genetically susceptible sows,
      which protected their susceptible offspring in an outbreak of neonatal diarrhoea
      caused by K88-positive Escherichia coli, were compared with the activities in
      mammary secretions of resistant dams that did not protect their susceptible
      progeny. There was significantly more anti-adhesive antibody in the secretions of
      susceptible sows than in resistant sows, both during the disease period, and 1
      year later. Fractionation of colostrum by gel filtration and ion-exchange
      chromatography led to identification of the anti-adhesive antibodies as including
      both IgA and IgM.

PMID- 6388141
TI  - Isolation and characterization of the heat stable enterotoxin from a pathogenic
      bovine strain of Escherichia coli.
AB  - A heat-stable enterotoxin secreted by a pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli of
      calf origin was purified to homogeneity by a procedure involving acetone
      fractionation, DEAE cellulose chromatography, Biogel P2 chromatography and size
      exclusion high pressure liquid chromatography. The purity of the product was
      ascertained by amino-acid analyses and amino acid sequence using manual
      degradation with 4-N, N dimethylaminoazobenzene-4' isothiocyanate (DABITC) and an
      automatic gas phase sequenator. The following amino acid sequence is proposed:
      Asn-Thr-Phe-Tyr-Cys-Cys-Glu-Leu-Cys-Cys-Asn-Pro-Ala-Cys-Ala-Gly-Cys-Tyr. It is
      identical to a similar active peptide isolated from strains of porcine origin.
      Antibodies to ST were successfully produced in rabbits using a conjugate with
      bovine serum albumin. The ultraviolet absorption and circular dichroism spectra
      of the active product were recorded and discussed.

PMID- 6388140
TI  - Pharmacokinetic aspects of penicillins, aminoglycosides and chloramphenicol in
      birds compared to mammals. A review.
AB  - Based on a review of the literature, a comparison is made of the pharmacokinetics
      of penicillins, aminoglycosides, and chloramphenicol in birds and mammals.
      Penicillins in birds are likely to be more dependent for their elimination on
      biotransformation than in mammals. Amoxycillin had a relatively low availability
      (0.34) after p.o. administration. Higher doses (2 to 8 times) were needed to
      achieve the same peak levels in birds and mammals. Aminoglycosides, which for
      their elimination largely depend on renal excretion by glomerular filtration,
      show only minor differences in pharmacokinetics between birds and mammals.
      Chloramphenicol is mainly excreted after biotransformation and large differences
      in pharmacokinetic parameters are to be found, not only between birds and
      mammals, but also between avian species.

PMID- 6388138
TI  - Biological and pathobiological aspects of the glycocalyx of the small intestinal
      epithelium. A review.
AB  - The literature on the glycocalyx of small intestinal epithelium is reviewed. The
      structure, general and barrier functions, synthesis, and degradation of the
      glycocalyx, and pathobiological aspects of the glycocalyx in relation to its
      barrier function are mentioned. Topics for future research are indicated.

PMID- 6388143
TI  - DNA binding proteins in canine sera. A method for removal of nonspecific DNA
      binding in the Farr assay.
AB  - A panel of canine sera, the majority of which were collected from clinically
      healthy dogs, were investigated for antibodies against double stranded (dsDNA) by
      the Farr radioimmunoassay technique. Non-specific DNA binding agents interfering
      with the Farr assay were detected in all sera. Heat inactivation at 60 degrees C
      or treatment with dextran sulphate was shown to eliminate this kind of unspecific
      DNA binding while not affecting true antibodies to dsDNA. Canine sera positive in
      the Farr assay after inactivation at 60 degrees C were positive also in
      immunofluorescence for anti-nuclear antibody on rat liver sections and for dsDNA
      with Chrithidia luciliae as antigen preparation. IgG or glycoprotein nature of
      the non-specific DNA binding could be excluded by means of affinity
      chromatography on protein A and the lectin lentil.

PMID- 6388146
TI  - Contribution of the rapid viral diagnosis by immunofluorescence to the choice of
      therapy in uveitis cases.
AB  - Viral and inframicrobial antigens were detected by immunofluorescence (IF) in
      exfoliated conjunctival and corneal cells from 22 patients with uveitis, 2-9
      different antigens being simultaneously visualized in 17 of the cases. The
      treatment applied on the ground of the etiological diagnosis specified by IF
      reactions consisted in the administration of tetracycline, Flumidin (Virustat),
      standard gamma-globulin or specific antiherpes immunoglobulin, the NIVGRIP
      inactivated influenza vaccine. This therapy led to persistent recovery
      (coincident with the disappearance of the antigens from conjunctival cells) in 15
      cases and to clinical improvement in 7 cases. The importance of the rapid viral
      diagnosis by IF for the choice of an adequate therapy of uveitis is discussed.

PMID- 6388152
TI  - [Personal experience with captopril in the treatment of hypertension].

PMID- 6388145
TI  - [Improved method for isolating Yersinia enterocolitica].
AB  - Investigations were carried out to restore and isolate Yersinia enterocolitica
      from both pure and mixed cultures as well as from sewage waters through enriching
      and alkaline treatment, employing the method of Aulisio and coll. It was found
      that the peptone used for the purpose (containing sorbitol, 10.0, yeast extract,
      5.0, sodium taurocholate, 2.0, bacto-peptone, 2.0, bacto-tryptone, 2.0,
      bromthymol blue, 0.007, and 1/15 phosphate buffer, 1000 cm3 at pH = 7) made it
      possible for Y. enterocolitica to replicate at 4 degrees C in 8 to 10 days and
      inhibited the development of many other organisms. Enriching the medium at 4
      degrees C with the alkaline treatment that followed enabled the isolation of Y.
      enterocolitica from mixed cultures and sewage waters from milk-processing
      enterprises in a very high percent of the cases as against enriching at 22
      degrees C. Such enriching broth could be used not only for the enriching of Y.
      enterocolitica at 4 degrees C, but also for the differentiation of pure cultures
      in culturing at the same temperature.

PMID- 6388144
TI  - [Changes in the white blood picture and the T- and B-lymphocyte counts in the
      peripheral blood of pigs after treatment with E. coli endotoxin].
AB  - Studied were the changes in the total count of the white blood cells, the
      leukocyte formula, and the T- and B-lymphocytes of young pigs (2-3 months old) at
      various intervals following treatment with an E. coli enterotoxin. It was found
      that there set in an essential drop of the total count of the white blood cells
      during the first 24 hours after treatment, with a following rising trend. There
      were also characteristic changes in the ratio between the various types of white
      blood cells, with a rise of the lymphocytes and monocytes. The level of T-POK and
      B-POK rose after the endotoxin was injected--for the T cells it reached peak
      values between the 3d and 5th day, while for the B cells it was highest between
      the 5th and 7th day. There was a following drop with both types of cells, and by
      the 15th day the initial level was reached.

PMID- 6388150
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis in internal medicine--the present state and perspectives or
      from the basics to planned development].

PMID- 6388151
TI  - [Development of abdominal ultrasonography in Czechoslovakia].

PMID- 6388147
TI  - Persistent infection with influenza A virus: evolution of virus mutants.
AB  - A persistent infection (persistent infection I) of baby hamster kidney (BHK)
      cells with the WSN (H1N1) strain of influenza A virus was established using a
      virus stock which contained a high proportion of defective-interfering (DI)
      particles. Virus recovered from passage 92 (388 days) of persistent infection I
      was used to establish a second persistent infection (persistent infection II) in
      BHK cells. A number of phenotypic changes were identified in the virus isolated
      during the first 50 passages of persistent infection I (early pi virus). These
      included a decrease in the size of plaques, the appearance of temperature
      sensitive mutants, and a decreased ability of amplified pi virus to agglutinate
      chicken erythrocytes. The decreased ability to cause hemagglutination was
      associated with a 20- to 30-fold increase in viral neuraminidase activity. Virus
      isolated after passage 63 of persistent infection I could not be amplified in
      eggs or in a number of cell lines. Although very little infectious virus was
      produced when cells were infected with these late pi viruses, cytopathology
      frequently occurred and an unusual pattern of viral protein synthesis was
      observed. The NP protein was the predominant protein synthesized, while the
      synthesis of M protein was drastically reduced relative to its synthesis in cells
      infected with parental WSN virus. The HA, NS1, and NS2 proteins were not
      detected; however, a virus-specific protein which migrates faster than NS2 was
      observed. Virus recovered from persistent infection II interfered with the
      replication of parental WSN virus in a mixed infection. The pattern of protein
      synthesis in such mixed infections resembled that in cells singly infected with
      late pi virus. DI particles did not appear to play a significant role either in
      the maintenance of the persistent infection, in the expression of the pi protein
      synthesis phenotype, or in the pi virus-mediated interference.

PMID- 6388149
TI  - Studies on reovirus receptors of L cells: virus binding characteristics and
      comparison with reovirus receptors of erythrocytes.
AB  - "Saturation binding experiments" were carried out to characterize the attachment
      of reovirus to mouse L fibroblasts. Scatchard analysis of data obtained from such
      experiments suggests that one homogeneous set of noncooperative, high affinity
      binding sites are involved in reovirus attachment. It is estimated that L cells
      possess between 3 and 5 X 10(5) reovirus binding sites per cell and that the
      equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) is approximately 3 X 10(-9) M. Scatchard
      analysis of data from similar experiments, carried out in the presence of anti
      sigma 1 and anti-sigma 3 antibodies, revealed that although both antibodies
      prevent viral attachment, they exhibit distinct binding inhibition
      characteristics: anti-sigma 1 effectively abolishes high-affinity, specific
      binding, whereas anti-sigma 3 apparently blocks low-affinity, nonspecific
      interactions. The nature of the L-cell receptor was then probed using various
      enzymes and reagents, and compared with that of the reovirus receptor on human
      type O erythrocytes. It was found that whereas reovirus hemagglutination (HA) is
      inhibited by pretreatment of erythrocytes with various proteases or
      neuraminidase, virus binding to L cells is unaffected by such treatments. Neither
      HA nor cell binding is inhibited by the various sugars tested, including N-acetyl
      D-glucosamine, which was previously reported to inhibit reovirus HA (L. D. Gelb
      and A. M. Lerner, 1965, Science 147, 404-405). Both L cells and erythrocyte
      reovirus receptors are nevertheless highly sensitive to periodate treatment,
      which presumably destroys the high-affinity reovirus binding sites since protein
      sigma 1, which is capable of attaching to L cells by itself, does not bind to
      cells pretreated with periodate. It is therefore concluded that sugar residues on
      the receptor may be involved in this specific interaction. The possibility that
      gangliosides may serve as reovirus receptors was also probed. It was found that
      bovine brain gangliosides, but not cerebrosides, readily aggregate reovirus,
      inhibit HA, and block viral attachment to L cells. However, binding of protein
      sigma 1 to L cells is unaffected by gangliosides. Inhibition of reovirus HA and L
      cell binding by these gangliosides is therefore most likely due to a steric
      hindrance effect brought about by interactions between the gangliosides and other
      components of the outer viral capsid.

PMID- 6388153
TI  - [Lycurim, lymphomas and cytostatic trials].

PMID- 6388148
TI  - Detection of genomic-length soybean mosaic virus RNA on polyribosomes of infected
      soybean leaves.
AB  - Soybean mosaic virus (SMV)-related RNAs were examined in both polyribosomal and
      nonpolyribosomal fractions of systemically infected soybean leaves. Viral RNAs
      were detected by Northern blot hybridization analysis using two cloned SMV-cDNAs
      representing different regions of the viral genome as hybridization probes.
      Genomic length SMV-RNA (Mr of 3.3 X 10(6] was found in specific association with
      EDTA-sensitive polyribosomes of infected leaves, indicating that it functions as
      a messenger RNA in these cells. A smaller SMV-related RNA (Mr of 1.6 X 10(6] was
      sometimes detected in the polyribosomal fraction; however, reconstruction
      experiments indicate that this RNA is a breakdown product of the genomic-length
      RNA, generated during cell fractionation or RNA extraction. Two other SMV-related
      RNAs with Mr of 2.0 and 0.78 X 10(6) were sometimes detected in infected cells
      and were not generated from genomic SMV-RNA or intact virus particles in
      reconstruction experiments. However, these RNAs were exclusively associated with
      the EDTA-resistant, nonpolyribosomal fraction of infected cells. These data
      suggest that genomic-length SMV-RNA is the only viral RNA which is translated in
      these infected plants.

PMID- 6388154
TI  - [Treatment of pilonidal disease using plastic-reconstructive surgery methods].

PMID- 6388157
TI  - [The secret of Rembrandt's painting "Virsavia"].

PMID- 6388160
TI  - Severe thrombocytopenia-hemorrhage due to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole: a case
      report.

PMID- 6388155
TI  - [NMR-tomography in the diagnosis of tumors].

PMID- 6388156
TI  - [Effectiveness of combined and complex treatment of patients with operable cancer
      of the rectum].
AB  - Three hundred and eleven cases of rectal cancer received treatment according to
      the protocol of a cooperative randomized study. Preoperative irradiation improved
      three-year survival rates, particularly, in node-negative patients. In node
      positive patients, frequency of relapse dropped from 30.0 +/- 8.5 to 5.7 +/- 3.9%
      when surgical treatment was supplemented by pre- and postoperative irradiation or
      drug therapy.

PMID- 6388163
TI  - Recurrent asystole in a child.

PMID- 6388158
TI  - [Rapid diagnosis of influenza by detecting viral M protein in an immunoenzyme
      test].
AB  - Previously developed ELISA test system with sensitivity about 0.5 ng/ml of virus
      protein M was used for influenza virus detection in nasopharyngeal washings of
      patients with acute respiratory virus diseases (ARVD). Altogether 184 specimens
      from patients with ARVD and 31 from patients with other infections were examined
      in the pre-epidemic and epidemic periods of 1983. In parallel, virus antigens
      were detected by direct immunofluorescence test (IF). The total frequency of
      viral antigen detection by ELISA and IF coincided (63% of the specimens
      examined). With the specimens collected early in the disease (2-3 days) the rate
      of virus findings by ELISA rose to 82%. Direct detection of viral antigen in
      nasopharyngeal washings by means of an objective immunochemical method seems to
      be promising for a large-scale rapid diagnosis of influenza.

PMID- 6388159
TI  - [Test system for detecting and differentiating the influenza virus by an
      immunoenzyme method].
AB  - Detection and differentiation of small amounts of influenza A and B viruses was
      done by enzyme-immunoassay based on detection of the complex of internal
      proteins. It was shown that two kinds of sera to the complex of internal proteins
      could be used: sera against disrupted viruses grown in a different system (mice
      or cell culture) and containing almost no CAM component for virus detection in
      the allantoic fluid of chick embryos, and sera to preparations of viruses grown
      in chick embryos and disrupted with detergents for elimination of virion surface
      determinants (wastes of subunit vaccine) for virus detection in nasal secretions
      of vaccinated subjects. The test-systems containing antibodies to the complex of
      internal proteins were shown to be as sensitive and specific as those containing
      antibodies to pure M protein and RNP.

PMID- 6388164
TI  - [The medical philosophy of Wladyslaw Szumowski (1875-1954)].

PMID- 6388165
TI  - [Acute peripheral ischemia syndrome].
AB  - The six "P" are characteristic clinical symptoms of acute peripheral ischemia.
      Diagnostic problems can be considered in approximately 33%. Doppler-ultrasound
      technique is the most frequent method used to verify the clinical diagnosis.
      Angiography was necessary only in 35% of our cases. Methods of recanalisation are
      individual and depend on aetiology and localisation of the occlusion. 60-90% of
      acute ischemic extremities can be saved by new techniques of fibrinolysis and
      surgery, if the therapy will be carried out within six hours.

PMID- 6388166
TI  - [Prosthetic stomatologic care of citizens 60 years and older in the Stralsund
      Land district, based on a representative sample in 1979].
AB  - The authors report on the state of oral health, dental knowledge and behaviour
      and prosthodontic care in 304 people. Based on these results the prosthodontic
      care need in all more than 60 years old inhabitants of Stralsund/Land is
      estimated.

PMID- 6388161
TI  - The first successful cesarean section and the first oophorectomy in the Americas.

PMID- 6388162
TI  - Antithrombotic therapy for pulmonary embolism.
AB  - These discussions are selected from the weekly staff conferences in the
      Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Taken from
      transcriptions, they are prepared by Drs Homer A. Boushey, Associate Professor of
      Medicine, and David G. Warnock, Associate Professor of Medicine, under the
      direction of Dr Lloyd H. Smith, Jr, Professor of Medicine and Chairman of the
      Department of Medicine. Requests for reprints should be sent to the Department of
      Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San
      Francisco, CA 94143.

PMID- 6388167
TI  - [Historical limitations on the quality of medical responsibility for the
      preservation of human life and care of the dying].

PMID- 6388171
TI  - [Blood gas and medicinal acid-base chemistry then and now. I. Blood gases].

PMID- 6388168
TI  - [Georg Ernst Stahl (1659-1734)--on the 250th anniversary of his death 14 May
      1984].
AB  - The 250th anniversary of Georg Ernst Stahl's death (1659-1734) is the occasion
      for remembering the remarkable work of this Halle professor in ordinary. In the
      history of medicine and natural sciences Georg Ernst Stahl is imbedded on the one
      hand by his psychodynamistic system and on the other hand by the foundation of
      the phlogiston chemistry. The enactment of the Prussian Medicinal Edict of 1725,
      which created new criteria for the organised public health of his time, took
      place during the time of his function as archiater in Berlin.

PMID- 6388170
TI  - [The antifungal agent naftifin. Placebo-controlled therapeutic comparison in
      tinea pedis].
AB  - The antimycotic efficacy of Naftifine was compared with that of placebo in a
      double-blind randomized trial in 60 patients with Tinea pedum proved by culture
      and microscopic examination. Naftifine was significantly superior to placebo
      concerning the number of mycologically cured patients as well as the clinical
      response to therapy. At the end of the study all patients were cured by
      Naftifine, whereas no patient of the placebo group showed an improvement.

PMID- 6388173
TI  - [Characterization of erythrocyte deformability with a filtration technic. 2. An
      effective manual method].

PMID- 6388172
TI  - [Practical experiences in the accomplishment of metabolic self-control in
      diabetics].

PMID- 6388174
TI  - [Development of an enzyme immunoassay for the determination of bradykinin].

PMID- 6388177
TI  - [Bacteriological enzymes of microbial origin in biology and medicine].

PMID- 6388176
TI  - [Role of proteolytic enzymes in the regulation of physiological processes].

PMID- 6388169
TI  - [Multicenter double-blind contralateral comparison of naftifin and clotrimazole
      cream in patients with dermatophytosis and candidiasis].
AB  - Naftifine, an allylamine derivative, represents a new class of antimycotic
      agents. During a multicentric, double blind, intraindividual, contralateral
      comparison study, 126 patients with dermatophytosis or candidosis were examined
      with regard to antimycotic efficacy and local tolerance of Naftifine cream or
      Clotrimazole cream. After treatment with Naftifine for 7 days, 63.5% of the
      patients were mycologically cured, whereas 56% were cured with the help of
      Clotrimazole. After 2 weeks, the healing rate amounted to 84% under both drugs.
      At that time, 95% of the patients showed negative cultures on both corresponding
      body sites. Regarding the improvement of the clinical symptoms and the frequency
      of relapses occurring 4 weeks after the end of treatment as well as local side
      effects, there was no substantial difference between both drugs. The "responder
      rate" towards Naftifine, however, was higher by the end of treatment. The local
      tolerance of both drugs was excellent or good on more than 90% of the patients.

PMID- 6388179
TI  - [The kidney transplant problem in children].

PMID- 6388178
TI  - [Various current aspects of diagnostic enzymology using organ-specific enzymes].

PMID- 6388175
TI  - [Effect of dopamine on the rat stomach: an in vitro study].

PMID- 6388180
TI  - [The principle of reversible gnotobiological isolation].

PMID- 6388189
TI  - [Transplantation of kidneys of juvenile donors in adult recipients. 1. Operation
      technic in 2 and 4-week-old donors in the rat model].
AB  - A microsurgical technique of baby kidney transplantation into adult recipients in
      rats is presented in detail. Using this orthotopic technique to study the growth
      capacity of transplanted baby kidneys, we have created a model with donors less
      than 4 weeks of age. The donor vessels with cuffs of the aorta and vena cava are
      anastomosed end-to-end to the recipient's renal artery and vein. The ureteric
      reconstruction is performed by a non-splinted end-to-end anastomosis.

PMID- 6388182
TI  - [Use of permanent magnets in digestive tract surgery in children].

PMID- 6388192
TI  - [The names of metals. Origin and meaning].

PMID- 6388186
TI  - Intrauterine treatment of spina bifida: primate model.
AB  - A spina-bifida-like condition was induced in 8 Macaca mulatta fetuses by intra
      uterine lumbar laminectomy (L3-L5) followed by displacement of the spinal cord
      from the central canal. This condition was repaired in utero in 5 animals. A key
      feature of the repaired in utero in 5 animals. A key feature of the repair method
      was the use of allogeneic bone paste made from fetal bone particles suspended in
      an agar-thickened modified Dulbecco's medium. The bone paste was used to correct
      the bone deficit produced by the laminectomy. All of the monkey babies were
      delivered by cesarean section at near term (160-164 days of gestation).
      Neurological test on the neonates and subsequent morphological studies indicated
      that the in utero treated animals developed normally. In contrast, 3 control
      animals, which had the induced spinal dysraphism but were left untreated, showed
      severe spina-bifida-like abnormalities, including paraplegia, incontinence and
      somatosensory loss.

PMID- 6388183
TI  - [Head-holding chamber for gas anesthetization of white rats in a stereotaxic
      apparatus].

PMID- 6388181
TI  - [Potentials for studying the circulation of the kidneys by radioangiography].

PMID- 6388191
TI  - [The Kurer anchor system: an alternative solution to extraction].

PMID- 6388184
TI  - Malaria chemoprophylaxis--which drug?

PMID- 6388190
TI  - [Degradation and utilization of 2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DHT) by soil
      microorganisms].
AB  - The biodegradation and utilization of the antiphytoviral substance 2,4
      dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DHT) by soil microorganisms was investigated.
      Mixed cultures of microorganisms deriving from different soils diminish in
      nutrient broth the content of DHT with increasing duration of culture.
      Microorganisms from an Egyptian garden soil fully degrade 10(-3) mol/1 DHT in a
      culture without additional aeration within 28 days. Also in deficient media the
      mixed microorganisms reduce the amount of DHT, reaching in nitrogen free nutrient
      solution even a degradation rate up to 12 mg DHT per liter and day. Pure cultures
      of Rhizobium leguminosarum, Proteus vulgaris, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and
      especially Agrobacterium radiobacter diminish the content of DHT in nitrogen free
      media, too. No such effect was detectable in cultures of four other species of
      soil bacteria. The DHT degradation by the microorganisms is connected with
      significant cell multiplication, e.g. A. radiobacter in shaking cultures with DHT
      as sole source of nitrogen shows a typical growth cycle with a lag-phase of 24
      hours. The short persistence time of DHT in soils is concluded to be mainly due
      to biodegradation by microorganisms.

PMID- 6388187
TI  - [2 cases of pericardial tamponade caused by migration of fracture wires from the
      sternoclavicular joint].
AB  - Two cases of dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint are reported in which
      migrating nails caused fatal heart tamponade. In both cases death occurred due to
      fracture nails which had not been bent or secured against migration in some way,
      and X-ray control had been inadequate. The doctors were charged with manslaughter
      by negligence since they had not exercised reasonable care as would have been
      required in those circumstances. As a result of the two attending physicians,
      trials, it is concluded when that operative osteosynthesis techniques are applied
      in order to affix dislocations of the sternoclavicular joint, migration of the
      osteosynthesis material must be prevented by adequate measures and that X-rays
      have to be taken within short intervals from different planes. Osteosynthesis
      material should be removed as soon as possible.

PMID- 6388188
TI  - [Arthrosonography--a new additional image-producing procedure in the detection of
      diseases of the knee joint].
AB  - Ultrasonic examination of the knee joint is a non invasive reliable technique
      without disadvantages to the patients. It should be used supplementary to usual X
      ray pictures of the popliteal space. Ultrasonography is a fast and accurate
      method to detect a wide variety of disorders, describing their exact location and
      calculating their volume. It produces supplementary diagnosis of extraarticular
      findings like popliteal cysts (Baker's cysts), aneurysms of popliteal artery,
      soft-tissue lesions, abscesses, hematomas, bursitis and varicosis, and of intra
      articular disorders like effusion and synovial edema.

PMID- 6388185
TI  - Modified hepatic portal enterostomy for biliary atresia.
AB  - Macroscopic and microscopic studies of the portal tract in liver specimens
      obtained at autopsy from 5 noncorrectable biliary atresia patients were
      performed. The studies disclosed that major intrahepatic bile ducts had
      disappeared for variable distances in noncorrectable biliary atresia patients.
      However, the topographic relationship between intrahepatic bile ducts and blood
      vessels was just the same as in normal livers. On the basis of these studies, we
      preformed more extensive portal exploration in order to get closer to the
      obstructed ends of major intrahepatic bile ducts. Hepatic portal enterostomy was
      also modified to avoid obstruction of the explored area by the jejunal wall to be
      anastomosed The results of 7 patients who received the new operation were
      encouraging with complete loss of jaundice in 6 of 7 patients.

PMID- 6388193
TI  - [Our surgical heritage. N.I. Pirogov and modern surgery].

PMID- 6388195
TI  - [Wilhelm Liepmann (1878-1939)--the fate of a gynecologist between the Kaiser
      Reich and Fascism].
AB  - The paper gives a bioergographical survey on the German obstetrician and
      gynaecologist Wilhelm Liepmann. He was Ass. Professor at the Berlin university.
      Later he became director of the German Women-Institute, which was founded by the
      Hauptverband der Krankenkassen. In 1933 Liepmann had to emigrate to Turkey, where
      he got the chair of gynaecology at the university of Istanbul.

PMID- 6388200
TI  - [Early results of microsurgical suture of the median and ulnar nerves in the
      forearm].
AB  - The author discusses the early results of primary and delayed microsurgical
      sutures of the median (31) and ulnar (32) nerves in injuries (incised wounds) to
      the forearm in the middle and lower third. The results of the operation were
      appraised in follow-up periods of 2 to 4 years in 19 patients (23 nerves). The
      useful degree of restoration of the strength of the small hand muscles (3 marks
      and more) was recorded after suturation of 13 of 23 nerves. Skin sensitivity in
      the autonomous nerve zones was estimated as 4 marks and more in all cases. Two
      point discrimination at a distance of less than 15 mm was restored after suture
      application in 13 of 23 nerves.

PMID- 6388203
TI  - [Computer tomography in the diagnosis of neurinomas of the 8th nerve].

PMID- 6388197
TI  - [Prospects for the development of scientific research in the area of
      rehabilitative treatment of post-infarct patients].
AB  - Three basic areas of research on the rehabilitation treatment of cerebral stroke
      survivors are reviewed: (1) the identification of factors affecting the recovery
      of impaired functions; (2) the development of new and improvement of the
      conventional methods of rehabilitation therapy; (3) the elaboration and
      perfection of principles of rehabilitation treatment organization.

PMID- 6388196
TI  - [Structural and functional maturation of the auditory system in the early
      postnatal development of mammals and birds].

PMID- 6388194
TI  - [The 100th birthday of Robert Schroder].

PMID- 6388199
TI  - [Somaticized mental disorders in the course of mental illnesses and borderline
      states. Various aspects of psychopathology and clinical typology (review of the
      foreign literature)].

PMID- 6388198
TI  - [Combined (surgical and drug) therapy of parkinsonism].
AB  - Stereotaxic surgical operations on the basal cerebral ganglia are effective in
      the tremor and tremor-rigid forms of parkinsonism. Surgery is followed by an
      increased excretion of dopamine with a good clinical effect in most cases.
      Madopar (L-DOPA with an inhibitor DOPA-decarboxylase) is most effective in the
      akinetic and rigid-akinetic forms of the disease. Prolonged treatment with this
      drug leads to a sharp increase in DOPA and less significant in dopamine
      secretion. The effect of a single low dose of madopar on DOPA and dopamine
      excretion can be detected for six hours. When stereotaxic operation is indicated,
      the combined (surgery plus drug therapy) treatment of parkinsonism is most
      optimal. Following effective stereotaxic surgery, drug therapy should be
      continued with reduced dosage of the drugs.

PMID- 6388204
TI  - Non-suture organ grafting to the neck vessels in rats.
AB  - Heterotopic organ transplantations in rats were performed either to abdominal
      vessels, using a conventional suture technique, or to neck vessels, using a non
      suture cuff technique. The non-suture technique was found to be best suited for
      heart transplantation, but could also be employed for spleen and pancreas. In
      heart transplantation the non-suture model had the advantages of less
      preoperative bleeding, shorter operation and ischaemia times and easier
      monitoring of graft function than with the conventional technique. By combining
      the two techniques it was possible to transplant more than one vascularized graft
      to each recipient.

PMID- 6388201
TI  - [Prediction of the outcome of comatose states].

PMID- 6388202
TI  - [Use of non-ionogenic contrast media for myelography].

PMID- 6388206
TI  - Immunoreactive IGF-II in serum of healthy subjects and patients with growth
      hormone disturbances and uraemia.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay has been developed for IGF-II, using Sepharose-coupled
      antibodies. Porcine insulin, human insulin and human proinsulin showed no cross
      reaction, whereas the cross-reaction for IGF-I was 10%. To minimize the influence
      of the binding protein(s), all serum samples were extracted with acid ethanol
      before assay. The mean serum level of immunoreactive IGF-II and 95% confidence
      limit in 46 healthy adults were 587 ng/ml and 354-974 ng/ml, respectively. In
      contrast to the declining levels of IGF-I with increasing age, no such age
      dependent decrease was found for IGF-II levels between 20 to 70 years. No
      difference in IGF-II levels was found between patients with acromegaly and
      healthy adult controls. In cord serum and serum from adult patients with GH
      deficiency the levels were significantly lower (P less than 0.001) compared to
      controls. In diabetic patients with uraemia the mean level and 95% confidence
      limit were 1222 ng/ml and 532-2808 ng/ml, respectively. Thus, significantly
      increased serum levels of immunoreactive IGF-II have only been found in serum
      from patients with uraemia. Whether this is due to an increased production of IGF
      II, or secondary to other factors such as the binding protein(s), will require
      further investigation.

PMID- 6388205
TI  - Hydrocortisone elicits the effect of clomiphene citrate on luteinizing hormone
      releasing hormone release in vitro.
AB  - The effect of hydrocortisone on the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and LH
      releasing hormone (LRH) in response to clomiphene citrate (clomiphene) were
      examined in a sequential double chamber perifusion system by perifusing the
      mediobasal hypothalami (MBH) and/or pituitaries excised from normal female rats
      in dioestrus. When the MBH and the pituitary were perifused in sequence with
      medium containing 5 X 10(-6) M hydrocortisone, a significant release in LH (100-
      150% increase, P less than 0.01-P less than 0.05) was observed 40 min after the
      administration of 3 X 10(-8) mol clomiphene. Clomiphene had no effect on LH
      release from the pituitary when perifused in series with the MBH without basal
      hydrocortisone infusion. Administration of clomiphene did not cause a significant
      increase in LH from the pituitary perifused alone, with or without medium
      containing hydrocortisone. The concentration of LRH in the efflux was
      significantly increased 40 min after clomiphene administration when MBH was
      perifused with medium containing hydrocortisone, whereas clomiphene had no effect
      when perifused with medium only. These data indicate that hydrocortisone
      stimulates the effect of clomiphene on LRH release from the hypothalamus, which
      in turn induces LH release from the pituitary.

PMID- 6388207
TI  - Somatomedin levels in cerebrospinal fluid from adults with pituitary disorders.
AB  - Somatomedin levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were determined in patients with
      acromegaly, pituitary deficiency, prolactinoma, and Cushing's disease by
      radioimmunoassay (RIA) for insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and for IGF-2 as
      well as a radioreceptor assay (RRA) with adult human brain plasma membranes and
      IGF-2 as ligand. The mean value of RIA-IGF-2 (31 +/- 1.6 ng/ml) predominated over
      that of RIA-IGF-1 (5.8 +/- 0.3 ng/ml), but 10 times higher levels were found by
      RRA-IGF-2. Patients with acromegaly were not found to have higher values than
      those with GH deficiency even after corrections were made for possible leakage
      across the blood-CSF barrier. No correlations were found between CSF somatomedin
      levels determined by different techniques and immunoreactive IGF-1 or GH in the
      peripheral circulation except for a positive correlation between CSF RIA-IGF-2
      and serum IGF-1 in patients with acromegaly. These findings suggest that
      somatomedins in CSF consist primarily of IGF-2-like peptides which are derived
      from production within the central nervous system or pituitary gland rather than
      from transport across the blood-CSF barrier.

PMID- 6388208
TI  - Abnormal growth hormone levels in insulin-dependent diabetic patients under
      continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and intensified conventional treatment.
AB  - The present study was developed to assess the influence of prolonged blood
      glucose near normalization, achieved by means of continuous sc insulin infusion
      (CSII) or intensified conventional therapy (ICT) upon growth hormone (GH)
      secretion in insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD). Sixteen IDD patients (8 CSII
      treated for 3-20 months and 8 under ICT) and 8 healthy control subjects were
      connected for 24 h to a newly developed, battery-powered glucose monitor.
      Diabetic patients received their usual food intake and insulin doses. During the
      second hour after meals moderate exercise, walking at 1.5 km/h, was performed by
      all subjects. Blood samples for insulin and GH determination were taken before
      and 60, 120 and 180 min after meal ingestion. Despite a similar degree of
      previous blood regulation, near normal glucose levels were attained only by the
      CSII group. Both ICT and CSII patients presented a marked postprandial
      hyperinsulinaemia. Abnormal GH levels were consistently registered in 4 CSII and
      6 ICT patients 120 min after meal initiation. In consequence, both groups showed
      significantly elevated mean diurnal GH levels (controls: 1.1 +/- 0.3, ICT: 5.2 +/
      0.9, CSII: 4.1 +/- 1.1 ng/ml; P less than 0.05). According to these results, the
      pathologic GH secretion found in diabetic subjects is not fully normalized by
      tight control of blood glucose values.

PMID- 6388210
TI  - Transient hypogammaglobulinaemia in newly diagnosed juvenile diabetes.

PMID- 6388211
TI  - Intravenous insulin tolerance test: criteria for evaluation of the growth hormone
      and cortisol response.

PMID- 6388209
TI  - The importance of insulin administration in gestational diabetics.

PMID- 6388212
TI  - Pharmacology of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

PMID- 6388213
TI  - Easy adjustment modification of Monaghan M-250/Ohio M-560 ventilator for facile
      use with intermittent mandatory ventilation, continuous positive pressure
      breathing, and nitrogen washout.

PMID- 6388214
TI  - Lateral positioning with differential lung ventilation and unilateral PEEP
      following unilateral acid aspiration in the dog.
AB  - Body position can significantly alter the efficiency of gas exchange following
      unilateral lung injury. We systematically examined three positions during
      differential lung ventilation with unilateral positive end-expiratory pressure
      (PEEP) following unilateral hydrochloric acid aspiration in the dog. Twelve
      mongrel dogs were intubated with a double-lumen endobronchial tube and
      mechanically ventilated with a microcomputer-controlled pair of ventilators. A
      tidal volume of 7.5 ml/kg was delivered to each lung. The PaCO2 was maintained at
      4.67 kPa. A unilateral injury was induced with an injection of 0.1 N hydrochloric
      acid (2.5 ml/kg) into one lumen of the endobronchial tube. 0.984 kPa PEEP was
      applied to the injured lung and the dogs were placed sequentially in one of three
      positions (supine, lateral decubitus with injured lung non-dependent, and lateral
      decubitus with injured lung dependent) for 1 h apiece. There was no significant
      difference between the three positions with regard to PaO2 (F (2, 10) = 1.60, P =
      0.25) of venous admixture (F (2, 10) = 0.49, P = 0.63). Our data indicated that
      position did not alter oxygenation. This was probably due to the use of
      differential ventilation with unilateral PEEP which eliminated redistribution of
      ventilation between the two lungs and minimized position-dependent changes in
      pulmonary blood flow.

PMID- 6388215
TI  - High frequency ventilation and gas diffusion.
AB  - The efficiency of CO2 removal was studied using a simple lung model with a high
      frequency positive pressure device (up to 100 b.p.m.) with and without an
      anatomical deadspace. At a constant minute ventilation without an anatomical dead
      space, the efficiency of CO2 elimination increased with increasing frequency.
      However, when a dead space was introduced, the efficiency of CO2 elimination
      decreased with increasing frequency. Using a high frequency oscillation technique
      (360 to 900 b.p.m.), it was not possible to maintain a reasonable CO2 elimination
      with tidal volumes less than the anatomical dead space. In this model there was
      no evidence that accelerated diffusion was a factor in CO2 removal during high
      frequency ventilation or oscillation.

PMID- 6388216
TI  - Immunohistochemical study of fibronectin in hemangioblastomas and
      hemangiopericytomas.
AB  - Eight hemangioblastomas and two hemangiopericytomas were studied using indirect
      immunoperoxidase stains for fibronectin (FN) and glial fibrillary acidic protein
      (GFAP) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded surgical specimens. Stromal cells in
      hemangioblastomas were GFAP-negative and showed variable FN expression, while
      GFAP-positive cells were FN-negative, thus suggesting that the stromal cells are
      not derived from astrocytes. Hemangiopericytoma cells were poorly to
      intermediately FN-positive. The origin of stromal cells is discussed in the light
      of their fine structure and the immunohistochemical stains with other cell
      markers.

PMID- 6388217
TI  - Diabetes and pregnancy. A 21-year Swedish material.

PMID- 6388218
TI  - Treatment of recurrent cyclical mastodynia in patients with fibrocystic breast
      disease. A double-blind placebo-controlled study--the Hjorring project.
AB  - Thirty premenopausal women with recurrent, pronounced cyclical mastodynia
      associated with mammographically confirmed fibrocystic disease were studied. All
      patients had long-standing symptoms, had undergone one previous course of
      treatment with danazol, and were recruited during long-term follow-up after
      original treatment, when cyclical mastodynia had again reached similar severity
      as before the original treatment (mean interval between treatments 9.5 +/- 3.9
      (SD) months). Fifteen patients each were randomly allocated to double-blind
      treatment with either danazol or placebo. During the first month, 2 capsules a
      day (each containing danazol 100 mg or placebo) were given, thereafter one
      capsule a day up to 6 months. Danazol caused a marked and sustained decrease in
      mastodynia, according to the clinician's assessment and according to each
      patient's self-rating on a visual analogue scale. The response to danazol was
      fairly uniform and statistically significant (p less than 0.005 or less), whereas
      the response to placebo was inconsistent and not statistically significant (p
      greater than 0.10). Danazol proved significantly more effective than placebo (p
      less than 0.05 or less). Changes in palpatory and/or mammographic findings were
      also found more consistently after danazol treatment than after placebo. During
      treatment, there was a modest weight increase, which was statistically
      significant in the danazol group (p less than 0.01) but not in the placebo group.
      A greater frequency in menstrual irregularities was observed in the danazol group
      than in the placebo group, but not to an extent that would have caused
      'unblinding' of the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6388219
TI  - Facet pattern in intact and restored dentitions of young adults. A comparative
      study.
AB  - The attritional dental pattern was studied clinically and on plaster casts in a
      group of individuals, 17-22 years old, with intact teeth and in a control group
      with a 'normal' distribution of dental restorations. The following observations
      were made: 1) all contact areas between occluding teeth exhibited facets; 2) most
      facets were located on inclines; 3) facets in the fossa bottom occurred oftenest
      in the control group and often involved fillings; 4) attritional facets on the
      distal marginal crest of the lower second molars were oftenest found in the
      control group; 5) denuded dentin in facets occurred oftenest in the control
      group; and 6) the number of facets and the worn areas were on an average largest
      in the control group. The findings in this study indicate a difference in the
      functional activity between the groups and support the hypothesis that dental
      fillings can induce changes in the neuromuscular pattern of the masticatory
      system.

PMID- 6388220
TI  - On functional strain in fixed mandibular reconstructions. I. An in vitro study.
AB  - Six linear strain gauges and one rosette strain gauge were used on three
      different types of models prepared from one partially dentate subject, to study
      loading deformation in a six-unit fixed mandibular bridge. The bridge was mounted
      on each of the models on an adjustable articulator and loaded in a universal
      testing machine at loading levels ranging from 0 to 491 N. The results showed
      considerable differences between the three types of model, with regard to both
      the magnitude of the recorded strains for the individual gauges and the
      calculated direction of the principal strains under the rosette gauges. The
      findings indicate that the mechanical properties and the design of the supporting
      structures have a major influence on the functional deformation of fixed dental
      appliances.

PMID- 6388221
TI  - Acute effects of maternal smoking on fetal blood flow.
AB  - Thirty healthy pregnant women were studied to assess the immediate cardiovascular
      responses of the fetus to the smoking of one cigarette. The fetal blood flow was
      measured in the aorta and in the umbilical vein by combining real-time
      ultrasonography and the pulsed Doppler technique. Following maternal smoking, a
      significant increase was found in the maternal heart rate and also in the blood
      pressure. In the fetus, a significant transient increase in the aortic and the
      umbilical blood flow was measured, as characterized by the increase in the fetal
      heart rate, the mean and maximum blood velocity, and the vessel diameter. Thus,
      maternal smoking induced acute circulatory changes in the fetus similar to those
      found in adults. Furthermore, the study demonstrated the feasibility of the
      method to evaluate non-invasively the immediate effect of a given stress stimulus
      on the cardiovascular system of the human fetus.

PMID- 6388222
TI  - Detection of cervical incompetence by ultrasound.
AB  - Ultrasonography was used to measure the width of the internal os in 96 pregnant
      women, of whom 43 were considered to have cervical incompetence and were
      scheduled for cerclage. The remainder of the women were divided into two control
      groups: (a) 28 women with a normal obstetric history, and (b) 25 women with a
      history of either previous abortion or traumatic delivery. The mean width of the
      internal os in the three groups was 25.9 mm +/- 3.7, 15.8 mm +/- 2.7, and 18.2 mm
      +/- 6.5 respectively; statistically, significant difference were seen between the
      first group and each of the control groups. All the women in the first control
      group gave birth successfully at term; of those in the second control group, 5
      presented with premature rupture of the membranes. The mean cervical os width in
      these 5 women was 29 mm, as compared with a mean of 18.2 mm for this group as a
      whole. We suggest that ultrasonic measurement of the internal os during pregnancy
      can be a useful and objective new method for the diagnosis of cervical
      incompetence.

PMID- 6388223
TI  - The infrequent occurrence of mycoplasmas in amniotic fluid from women with intact
      fetal membranes.
AB  - As human genital mycoplasmas have been associated with various forms of
      reproductive failure, the present study was undertaken to investigate whether M.
      hominis and U. urealyticum organisms (ureaplasmas) are capable of crossing intact
      fetal membranes. Nearly 300 women in Denmark and England were investigated. Most
      of them were seen at about the fourth month of gestation and the remainder
      towards or at the time of birth, all with unruptured membranes. A swab was taken
      from the uterine cervix or vagina and M. hominis was isolated from 9% of the
      women and ureaplasmas from half of them. The presence of these mycoplasmas was
      not associated with an abnormal outcome of pregnancy. In contrast to the frequent
      presence of mycoplasmas in the lower genital tract, amniotic fluids obtained by
      transabdominal amniocentesis or at cesarean section did not contain M. hominis
      and ureaplasmas were isolated from only one of them. This was associated with the
      same ureaplasmas serotype being recovered from the cervix and also from the blood
      of both infant and mother, whose case differed from the others as labor had
      already started when the amniotic fluid was obtained. Thus, in our populations,
      we have no evidence that mycoplasmal invasion of the amniotic fluid occurs before
      the onset of labor. During labor, despite intact membranes, it seems that genital
      mycoplasmas may occasionally invade the fetal--placental unit, probably by the
      hematogenous route after strong uterine contractions, or otherwise directly after
      membrane rupture. Since both these events are followed usually by immediate
      delivery, there would seem to be insufficient time for the genital mycoplasmas to
      cause fetal damage.

PMID- 6388224
TI  - An epidemic-like appearance of congenital cystic hygroma.
AB  - Five fetuses with cystic hyroma were diagnosed in our department during a period
      of 5 months. Four of them were identified by an ultrasonic examination. No common
      causative factor was found to explain the appearance of such a rare anomaly in 5
      cases over a very short period of time.

PMID- 6388225
TI  - The effect of infused prostaglandin F2 alpha on plasma antidiuretic hormone and
      renin activity in early human pregnancy.
AB  - The effect of infused prostaglandin F2 alpha plasma antidiuretic hormone and
      renin activity in early pregnancy was investigated in eight women. After infusion
      for one and three hours (infusion speed 50 micrograms/min) the PRA had decreased
      significantly. During the same time the blood pressure also showed a decreasing
      tendency. No changes were found in plasma vasopressin concentration.

PMID- 6388226
TI  - Optimalization of chemonucleolysis.

PMID- 6388227
TI  - Deep frozen cancellous allografts in orthopaedic surgery. A clinical study.

PMID- 6388228
TI  - The value of posterolateral bone-grafting for non-union of the tibia.

PMID- 6388229
TI  - Study of bacteria in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx during naturally acquired
      common colds.
AB  - It was the purpose of this study to examine whether the number of bacteria in the
      nose and nasopharynx changes during a common cold. Samples for bacteriological
      culture were taken from the nasal cavity of 29 and from the nasopharynx of 26
      adult patients with naturally acquired colds. The bacteriological samples were
      taken on days 2, 4, 8 16, 32 and 64 after the first nasal symptoms. The results
      showed that there were few pathogenic bacteria in the nasal cavity and
      nasopharynx. There was no tendency to an increase in the number of positive
      cultures during the cold, although most patients had macroscopically purulent
      discharge on days 3-5. In conclusion, the study indicates that during an
      uncomplicated common cold, a bacterial infection is not responsible for the
      occurrence of purulent nasal discharge which may be a direct consequence of the
      viral infection.

PMID- 6388230
TI  - Beta 2-microglobulin in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck and in
      tumours heterotransplanted into nude athymic mice.
AB  - Beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) is a small polypeptide, related to the
      immunoglobulins and present on nucleated cells as part of the strong
      transplantation antigens. Elevated plasma levels have been recorded in patients
      with various malignant diseases. Human beta 2m has also been detected
      immunohistochemically in carcinomas transplanted into nude mice, and in the
      plasma of tumour-bearing mice. In the present study the occurrence of human beta
      2m was studied in the plasma of 26 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of
      the head and neck and in six heterotransplanted carcinoma lines. Extractable beta
      2m was measured in seven SCC of the head and neck and in the six
      heterotransplanted tumour lines. Immunohistochemically detectable beta 2m was
      studied in 20 SCC and in six heterotransplanted tumour lines. Only 3 of 26
      patients (12%) had elevated p-beta 2m levels. Stage IV tumours seemed to have
      more p-beta 2m (though within the normal range) than did less advanced tumours.
      There was no correlation between the total amount of extractable beta 2m in the
      patients' tumours and p-beta 2m. However, there was an association between the
      concentration of beta 2m in the tumours and p-beta 2m. Human beta 2m could be
      detected in the plasma of mice with tumours from all tumour lines, and there was
      a tendency toward an association between tumour size and p-beta 2m. The ratio of
      p-beta 2m/tumour volume differed between the tumour lines. Tumour volume doubling
      time (DT) was determined for the various tumour lines, and there was a
      correlation between DT and beta 2m concentration of the tumours.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6388231
TI  - Antibiotic treatment of secretory otitis media.
AB  - There is increasing evidence for an infectious etiology of secretory otitis media
      (SOM). Respiratory pathogens (S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, B. catarrhalis and
      group A streptococci) have been found in cases of long-standing SOM, with a
      frequency of 18% in the middle ear and 79% in the nasopharynx. Erythromycin has
      been shown to penetrate into the middle ear effusion of SOM and into adenoid
      tissue. The concentrations surpassed the MIC's of most respiratory pathogens,
      with the exception of certain strains of H. influenzae. In agreement with this, a
      ten day course of erythromycin in children with SOM eradicated practically all
      nasopharyngeal strains of S. pneumoniae and B. catarrhalis, while there was no
      significant decrease in the number of strains of H. influenzae. The present study
      consisted of 119 children with SOM lasting three months or more. One group of 47
      consecutive children was treated with erythromycin (Abboticin), given orally
      twice a day, in a dose of 40-60 mg/kg/24 hours, for ten days. The rate of
      resolution in this test group was 45% (21/47 cases). Another group of 72
      consecutive children with SOM of a similar duration received no antibiotics. The
      cure rate in this control group was 15% (11/72 cases). The difference between the
      two groups is statistically significant (chi 2 = 11054; df = 1; p less than
      0.001). The results suggest that a ten day course of erythromycin could reduce
      the need for surgical treatment in children with long-standing SOM.

PMID- 6388232
TI  - Localization of bacteria and the cause of tissue destruction in maxillary
      sinusitis.

PMID- 6388233
TI  - Chlamydia trachomatis, epidemiology and diagnosis.

PMID- 6388234
TI  - Neonatal conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.
AB  - Chlamydia trachomatis is a common cause of neonatal infection in industrialized
      countries and is acquired from the infected maternal cervix. Multiple mucosal
      surfaces, including the respiratory and the gastrointestinal tract as well as the
      conjunctiva, will be colonized by the organism. Conjunctivitis and pneumonia are
      the illnesses presently recognized as manifestations of these infections. C.
      trachomatis is isolated from the eye in 14 to 25% of patients with neonatal
      conjunctivitis and there is often an associated nasopharyngeal infection. The
      conjunctivitis is often the first clinical manifestation of these potentially
      systemic infections and therefore systemic therapy is required. The recommended
      treatment in neonatal chlamydial conjunctivitis is oral erythromycin 25 mg/kg
      every 12 hours for 14 days. This dose is well tolerated by the infant. Parents of
      infants with chlamydia infection should be treated with oral erythromycin or
      tetracyclines. Erythromycin should be given to breast feeding mothers.

PMID- 6388236
TI  - Complex visual reaction time measurements under irregular and regular preparatory
      interval conditions in children with developmental language problems.

PMID- 6388235
TI  - [Echotomography in the control of laryngectomized patients with post-radiation
      fibrosis of soft tissues].

PMID- 6388237
TI  - Language development: lateralization of semantics and the short-term-verbal
      memory (STVM) of the right hemisphere.

PMID- 6388238
TI  - [Behavioral development of a "grasper" during the 1st year of life in the area of
      gross movements].

PMID- 6388239
TI  - [Neuropsychology and behavioral biology].

PMID- 6388240
TI  - Social integration of surrogate-reared infant squirrel monkeys to captive groups.

PMID- 6388241
TI  - [Ideomotor and ideational apraxia in childhood].

PMID- 6388242
TI  - Immunoelectron microscopic localization of immune deposits in IgA
      glomerulonephritis.
AB  - Renal biopsy specimens obtained from twelve patients with IgA glomerulonephritis
      (IgA GN) were studied by immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) concomitantly with light
      microscopy (LM), immunofluorescence microscopy (IF), and electron microscopy
      (EM). For IEM, we used horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated antisera to human
      immunoglobulins (Ig) and to the complement component C3, and a diffusion
      technique with periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde (PLP)-fixed tissue-chopper or
      cryostat sections. Due to well-preserved ultrastructure and good penetration of
      the antisera in the tissue-chopper sections, a detailed analysis of the
      distribution of immune material in the glomeruli was possible. In cryostat
      sections, ice crystal artifacts could not be avoided. The typical features of IgA
      GN could be reliably confirmed by IEM. Furthermore, IEM revealed the presence of
      Ig's and C3 in mesangial channels, in the intracellular vacuoles of glomerular
      cells, and in the electron-lucent areas along the glomerular basement membranes
      (GBMs). Staining of the mesangial channels indicates that they represent a route
      for the immune material gaining access into the mesangium. Intracellular vacuoles
      suggest that the deposited immune material can be partly eliminated through
      endocytosis by glomerular cells. The presence of Ig's and C3 in the electron
      lucent areas supplies an explanation to the discrepancy sometimes observed
      between a positive finding in IF and a lack of deposits in EM.

PMID- 6388243
TI  - Effect of certain factors modifying the lipid-mobilizing activity in vitro in the
      serum of rats during hypothermia.
AB  - The serum of hypothermic animals shows in vitro the ability of mobilizing fatty
      acids from the adipose tissue. This ability is quantitatively comparable to the
      lipolytic activity of glucagon but is lower than that of adrenaline. Propranolol
      decreases the lipid-mobilizing activity in the serum of hypothermic animals in
      vitro. Similarly insulin added to the medium with the serum of hypothermic
      animals decreased the lipid-mobilizing activity.

PMID- 6388244
TI  - The effect of X-radiation on the process of lung clearance after inhalation of
      bacteria labelled with 3H-thymidine.
AB  - The respiratory tract is cleared very effectively from the inhaled particles by
      the ciliated bronchial epithelium, secretion of secretory cells, and specialized
      phagocytic cells. Within 4 hours about 80% of the inhaled microorganisms are
      destroyed in the respiratory tract. The rate of removal of the micro-organisms
      from the lungs and their destruction may play a very important role in preventing
      infection development. The aim of the present experiment was to study the adverse
      effect of ionizing radiation on the mechanisms involved in cleaning the lungs.
      Wistar rats were used for this purpose. They received a dose of 500 cGy. The
      irradiated animals and the control non-irradiated ones inhaled in a PIANO IV
      apparatus Staphylococcus epidermidis labelled with tritiated thymidine.
      Determining the clearance of the bacteria from the bronchial tree and pulmonary
      tissue an impairment of the mechanisms clearing the lungs in the irradiated group
      was demonstrated. The effect of radiation may be related to a damage to the
      alveolar macrophages which are principally responsible for destroying bacteria at
      the level of pulmonary alveoli. The relatively radiation-resistant ciliated
      epithelial bronchial cells may have their efficiency reduced owing to
      disturbances in mucus secretion by the secretory cells.

PMID- 6388245
TI  - Certain characteristic features of the lipolytic factor from rat submaxillary
      salivary glands.
AB  - The aqueous extract of rat salivary submaxillary gland was found to contain three
      protein fractions activating the release of free fatty acids (FFA) and glycerol
      from rat epididymal adipose tissue in vitro. Physico-chemical investigations of
      these proteins demonstrated certain common features: all three fractions were
      albumins having a common isoelectric point, and their aqueous solutions absorbed
      light at the same wavelength. The use of lipolysis activators and inhibitors
      (theophylline, propranolol, insulin) for investigating their effects on FFA and
      glycerol release produced by these protein fractions explained the mechanism of
      the lipolytic action of the protein fractions from rat submaxillary glands.

PMID- 6388246
TI  - Role of the hypothalamus in the control of ovulation in Rana temporaria L.

PMID- 6388247
TI  - Moclobemide and clomipramine in the treatment of depression. A randomized
      clinical trial.
AB  - Moclobemide (Ro 11-1163), a benzamide derivative, is a MAO-inhibitor which
      selectively and reversibly inhibits monoamine oxidase type A. Thirty-eight
      patients with episodic, chronic and atypical depressive disorder (DSM-III) were
      equally randomized to 6 weeks' treatment with either three daily doses of 100 mg
      moclobemide or 50 mg clomipramine. Both treatment groups improved with time as
      assessed weekly by the Hamilton Depression Scale and the Clinician's Overall
      Assessment of Depression State, and there was no interaction between treatment
      and time. Anticholinergic complaints, tremor and dizziness occurred more
      frequently on clomipramine, and they were longer lasting and more severe. Because
      of its low toxicity, good tolerance, its selectivity and reversibility
      moclobemide may be a better alternative than the older monoamine oxidase
      inhibitors.

PMID- 6388248
TI  - Outcome of sex reassignment surgery.
AB  - Three independent reviews of the world literature dealing with the outcome of sex
      reassignment surgery in transsexualism are presented. In 10-15% of the patients
      who undergo sex reassignment the results end up in a failure. There are as many
      failures in the female to male group as in the male to female group. Optimal
      results from the surgical procedures are important for a successful outcome.
      Relatively high age when first requesting sex reassignment may be regarded as a
      risk factor for poor outcome. Genuine transsexuals as a group seem to have a
      better prognosis for successful outcome of sex reassignment than a group of
      secondary transsexuals (i.e. transvestites and effeminate homosexuals). On the
      other hand, secondary transsexuals do better than genuine transsexuals when sex
      reassignment is refused. It is stressed that great importance should be given to
      the differential diagnosis when evaluating gender dysphoric patients for sex
      reassignment.

PMID- 6388249
TI  - Clinical investigations into antidepressive mechanisms. II. Dexamethasone
      suppression test predicts response to nomifensine or amitriptyline.
AB  - This prospective study investigates the possibility of a central noradrenergic
      cholinergic imbalance in subgroups of depressed inpatients using the
      dexamethasone suppression test (DST) as one peripheral indicator. The DST was
      performed in 43 depressed inpatients. Subsequently, a group (n = 20) of DST
      suppressors (DST-) and a group (n = 23) of DST nonsuppressors (DST+) were treated
      under double blind conditions with either nomifensine (NOM) a noradrenaline
      potentiating drug, or amitriptyline (AMI) a noradrenaline potentiating and strong
      anticholinergic compound. DST+ depressives responded favorably to AMI, but not to
      NOM. Conversely, DST- depressives responded favorably to NOM but less well to
      AMI. Together with other biochemical findings this data suggests: 1) a
      hypofunction of the noradrenergic system in DST- patients who may, from a
      clinical point of view, usually show minor or 'neurotic' depressions; 2) a
      hypofunction of the noradrenergic and a hyperfunction of the cholinergic system
      in DST+ patients who may present a more severe or 'endogenous' depression. These
      data suggest a biochemical heterogeneity of depression and offer an aid for a
      more specific antidepressive drug therapy.

PMID- 6388250
TI  - Serum level of complement factor D in systemic lupus erythematosus--an indicator
      of glomerular filtration rate.
AB  - Serum levels of complement factor D, a low molecular weight (LMW) protein, were
      high and inversely correlated with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) determined in
      19 patients with lupus glomerulonephritis (LGN). Factor D was significantly
      closer correlated with S-creatinine than were two other LMW proteins, beta 2
      microglobulin and gamma-trace in 22 LGN patients. Close correlations between each
      of the LMW proteins and S-creatinine were found in patients with a non
      inflammatory disorder, polycystic kidney disease. Slightly increased beta 2
      microglobulin concentrations were found in 15 of 20 systemic lupus erythematosus
      (SLE) patients without renal involvement, while factor D and gamma-trace showed
      normal values in most of these patients. The findings imply that serum
      concentrations of complement factor D in SLE are mainly determined by the GFR.

PMID- 6388251
TI  - Impaired counter regulation of hypoglycemia in a group of insulin-dependent
      diabetics with recurrent episodes of severe hypoglycemia.
AB  - The counterregulatory response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia was investigated
      in 22 insulin-dependent diabetics (IDD) with recurrent hypoglycemia and in 6
      healthy volunteers. Hypoglycemia was induced by a constant rate infusion of
      insulin (2.4 U/h) up to four hours. Conventional insulin therapy was changed to
      an i.v. infusion of regular insulin 24 hours prior to the experiment. The
      presence of diabetic autonomic neuropathy was evaluated by respiratory sinus
      arrhythmia and Valsalva maneuver. In healthy subjects, blood glucose was
      decreased to 2.5 mmol, here reaching steady state level and giving rise to marked
      glucagon and growth hormone (GH) responses. The majority of IDD (group A) reached
      a slightly lower steady state glucose level and exhibited similar glucagon and GH
      responses while the epinephrine response was augmented. Six IDD (group B) showed
      a continuous decrease in blood glucose to 1.2 +/- 0.1 mmol/l at which level the
      infusion of insulin was discontinued due to neuroglucopenic symptoms. These
      subjects had no glucagon and epinephrine responses while their GH and cortisol
      responses were normal. A comparison of the diabetic groups revealed a longer
      duration of diabetes and a more impaired autonomic nervous function in group B
      while glycosylated hemoglobin was similar. It is concluded that most IDD have
      normal hormonal responses (epinephrine, glucagon, GH, cortisol) and normal
      counterregulartory capacity to hypoglycemia induced by a prolonged infusion of a
      moderate dose of insulin. Some patients with long-term diabetes and impaired
      capacity to counteract hypoglycemia exhibit deficient glucagon and epinephrine
      responses to hypoglycemia.

PMID- 6388252
TI  - Relationship between enzymatically estimated infarct size and short- and long
      term survival after acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - In 585 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and no previous MI the
      maximal activity of serum heat-stable lactate dehydrogenase (LD) (EC 1.1.1.27)
      activity was related to 1-year and 2-year mortality rates. All patients
      participated in a double-blind trial with metoprolol during the first three
      months after an AMI. Thereafter both groups were treated in a similar way. A
      strong relationship was found between LD maximum activity and the in-hospital
      prognosis (p less than 0.001), the 1-year survival rate (p less than 0.001) and
      the 2-year survival rate (p less than 0.001). When the patients who were alive
      after primary hospitalization were analyzed as a separate group, the relationship
      between LD maximum activity and 1-year and 2-year survival rates remained (p less
      than 0.001). In a subsample of 171 patients the maximal activity of creatine
      kinase (CK) (EC 2.7.3.2) and CK subunit B did not correlate either with in
      hospital, 1-year or 2-year survival rates. We conclude that, when a sufficiently
      large number of patients are investigated, there is a strong relationship between
      serum enzyme maximum activity and short- and long-term survival.

PMID- 6388254
TI  - Selective blockage by islet-activating protein, pertussis toxin, of negative
      signal transduction from receptors to adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 6388253
TI  - A comparison of 100 mg atenolol and 100 mg metoprolol once a day at rest and
      during exercise in hypertensives.
AB  - The effects of once daily dosage of the two cardioselective beta-adrenoceptor
      blocking agents, atenolol and metoprolol, were studied in 26 patients with
      primary hypertension. The study was a randomized double-blind cross-over trial
      with placebo run-in and wash-out. Assessment of effect was performed about 1 and
      25 hours after dosing. At rest, both atenolol and metoprolol lowered the blood
      pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) compared to placebo. Atenolol induced a more
      effective BP reduction than metoprolol, especially 25 hours after drug intake.
      During exercise 1 hour after dosing both drugs reduced BP and HR to a similar
      extent, whereas 25 hours after dosing atenolol gave a more efficient BP and HR
      reduction than metoprolol. Our data show that both 100 mg atenolol and 100 mg
      metoprolol are effective antihypertensive beta-blockers at rest and during
      exercise, 1 hour after intake. Metoprolol was less effective than atenolol 25
      hours after dosing probably due to its shorter plasma half-life, thus implying a
      twice daily regimen for metoprolol in standard preparation.

PMID- 6388255
TI  - Exposure to chemical carcinogens during pregnancy: consequences for mother and
      conceptus.

PMID- 6388256
TI  - Complete and partial hydatidiform moles: cytogenetic and morphological aspects.

PMID- 6388257
TI  - Genetic studies on hydatidiform moles.
AB  - Using an historical approach, this article describes how genetic studies have
      elucidated the two entities into which the syndrome of hydatidiform mole can now
      be divided. Partial moles are triploid, have a maternal chromosomal set, and are
      associated with the presence of a fetus. Complete moles lack a fetus and are
      always diploid and androgenetic in origin, having two sets of paternal
      chromosomes. They are most often XX and homozygous, the most likely origin being
      by duplication of a haploid sperm. About 4% of complete moles have been shown to
      by XY and heterozygous, the most likely origin being by dispermy. The frequency
      of partial and complete mole observed depends on the method of ascertainment.
      Among spontaneous abortions, partial moles are more common than complete moles,
      but among cases having an elective termination of pregnancy because of a prior
      diagnosis of hydatidiform mole, complete mole is the more common. Patients with
      either type of mole may require treatment for persistent trophoblastic activity.
      More prospective studies of cases in which the type of mole has been confirmed by
      genetic studies are required in order to find out whether (a) patients with
      complete moles are more likely than those with partial moles to require treatment
      for persistence of trophoblastic activity after evacuation; and (b) heterozygous
      complete moles have a different prognosis from the point of view of malignant
      sequelae than homozygous complete moles.

PMID- 6388258
TI  - Immunochemistry of human chorionic gonadotropin.

PMID- 6388259
TI  - Immunology in genesis of partial and total hydatidiform mole.

PMID- 6388260
TI  - Safety of megavitamin therapy.
AB  - Carbon compounds that are needed in small amounts in the diet because they are
      not made in the body of vertebrates are defined as vitamins. Excluded from this
      definition are vitamins D, K, and niacin which can be synthesized by the organism
      or, as in the case of vitamin K, by the host's intestinal bacteria. Lack of such
      vitamins can result in characteristic deficiency diseases. The therapeutic use of
      such compounds (megavitamin intake) is based on the spectacular effect of
      vitamins on deficiency diseases; however, evidence that the ingestion of large
      amounts of vitamins beyond the "Recommended Daily Allowances" (RDA) is beneficial
      is not within the basic concept of nutrition. Vitamins, like many substances, may
      be toxic when taken in large quantities, especially the fat-soluble vitamins, and
      the concept of "more is better" is a common misconception. Vitamin supplements
      can be suggested only in the unusual cases of patients having inadequate intake,
      disturbed absorption (genetic or otherwise), or increased tissue requirements. A
      well-balanced diet that includes a wide variety of foods from each of the four
      food groups is adequate for the supply of vitamins, as well as other nutrients,
      in healthy people. This paper will review some of the recent findings regarding
      vitamin toxicity and the mechanisms of toxicity.

PMID- 6388261
TI  - Prenatal and developmental toxicology of arsenicals.
AB  - A variety of species, including the human, have been shown to be susceptible to
      the embryotoxic effects of inorganic arsenic. Malformations of the axial
      skeleton, neurocranium, viscerocranium, eyes, and genitourinary systems as well
      as prenatal death followed a bolus dose of trivalent or pentavalent inorganic
      arsenic. Trivalent arsenic was more teratogenic than pentavalent arsenic; in
      contrast, the methylated metabolites of arsenic possessed only limited
      teratogenic activity. Administration of inorganic arsenic to mammals results in
      concentration of arsenic within the placenta and small amounts are deposited
      within the embryo. Studies concerning the pathogenesis of arsenic-induced axial
      skeletal lesions revealed early failure of neural fold elevation and a
      subsequent, persistent failure of closure of the neural tube. Physical factors,
      drugs and heavy metals may modify the response to a teratogenic dose of inorganic
      arsenic. Medical problems associated with industrial or agricultural arsenicalism
      are most often typified by chronic exposure; future studies should emphasize
      those routes of administration and types of exposure that are characteristic of
      arsenic intoxication.

PMID- 6388262
TI  - Structure and stereochemistry of steroidal amine teratogens.
AB  - Studies of teratogenic steroidal alkaloids from Veratrum and Solanum have shown
      that those bearing a basic nitrogen atom in ring F, shared or unshared with ring
      E, with bonding capabilities alpha to the steroid plane may be suspect as
      teratogens. Examples of steroidal alkaloids which produce terata but, until
      recently, have been of uncertain structure include muldamine and the isomeric 3,
      N-diformylsolasodines. The correlation of their structures with the structure
      terata relationship developed by Keeler and Brown is discussed. A brief
      introduction to teratogenicity is presented.

PMID- 6388263
TI  - Sources of N-nitrosamine contamination in foods.
AB  - It has been well established that human foods may contain trace amounts of
      carcinogenic N-nitrosamines. Originally, it was thought that the use of nitrite
      as a curing agent for flesh foods was the major source of these trace compounds
      in the diet. Subsequent research has clearly shown that other processing and
      packaging procedures can also introduce trace amounts of these carcinogens into
      foods. These procedures include drying foods in direct flame heated air,
      migration from food contact surfaces and direct addition as contaminants. In
      addition, other reports of N-nitrosamines in foods have less well defined routes
      of contamination. These sources of N-nitrosamines in foods will each be briefly
      reviewed in this paper and recent data from our laboratory concerning N
      nitrosamines in products which directly contact foods presented. We also are
      reporting the N-nitrosothiazolidine content of fried-out bacon fat.

PMID- 6388264
TI  - Protein-alkali reactions: chemistry, toxicology, and nutritional consequences.
AB  - Heat and alkali treatment of proteins catalyzes formation of crosslinked amino
      acid side chains such as lysinoalanine, ornithino-alanine and lanthionine, and
      concurrent racemization of L-isomers of all amino acid residues to D-analogues.
      Factors that favor these transformations include high pH and temperature, long
      exposure, and certain inductive or steric properties of the various amino acid
      side chains. Factors that minimize crosslink formation include the presence of
      certain additives, such as cysteine or sulfite ions, and acylation of epsilon-NH2
      groups of lysine side chains. Free and protein-bound lysinoalanine and D-serine
      induce nephrocytomegaly in rat kidney tissues. The presence of lysinoalanine and
      D-amino acid residues along a protein chain decreases its digestibility and
      nutritional quality. Understanding the factors that govern the formation of
      potentially harmful unnatural amino acid residues in food proteins and the toxic
      and nutritionally antagonistic action of these compounds in animals should lead
      to better and safer foods.

PMID- 6388265
TI  - Chemistry and safety of plant polyphenols.

PMID- 6388266
TI  - Genetic and carcinogenic effects of plant flavonoids: an overview.

PMID- 6388267
TI  - Interactions of diet and immunity.

PMID- 6388268
TI  - Role of epigenetic factors in dietary carcinogenesis.

PMID- 6388269
TI  - Autonomic dysfunction in olivopontocerebellar atrophy.

PMID- 6388270
TI  - The neuropathology of olivopontocerebellar atrophy.

PMID- 6388271
TI  - Joseph disease: an autosomal dominant motor system degeneration.

PMID- 6388272
TI  - Disorders of ocular motility in the olivopontocerebellar atrophies.

PMID- 6388273
TI  - The sequential use of clonidine and naltrexone in the treatment of opiate
      addicts.
AB  - The efficacy of clonidine in the management of opiate withdrawal states has
      improved and refined the medical approach to this condition. In addition, the use
      of clonidine for opiate detoxification paves the way for naltrexone maintenance.
      Naltrexone, by providing chronic opiate receptor blockade, prevents opiate
      intoxication and subsequent readdiction in recovered addicts. The sequential use
      of clonidine and naltrexone, in conjunction with drug rehabilitation, appears to
      represent a viable and effective treatment for opiate addiction in motivated
      patients. The development of clonidine and naltrexone as treatment agents for
      opiate addiction also demonstrates that neurobiological advances can be
      translated into new and effective clinical approaches. This paper summarizes some
      of our experiences with the clonidine/naltrexone approach in motivated opiate
      addicts.

PMID- 6388274
TI  - The physiology of opiate hedonic effects and the role of opioids in motivated
      behavior.
AB  - The topics discussed in this article are the neural mechanisms of opiate hedonic
      effects and the role of endogenous opioids in regulating motivational-affective
      responses of the organism. First, research on the mechanisms of opiate hedonic
      effects is briefly reviewed; evidence is discussed which suggests the existence
      of separate neural substrates for the mediation of opiate analgesia, amelioration
      of aversive emotion, and reward. In the remainder of the article, recent work of
      our laboratory is summarized which concerns the role of endogenous opioids in
      regulating feeding and reward elicited by electrical stimulation in the lateral
      hypothalamus; evidence is presented which indicates that opioid activity
      associated with the state of food motivation potentiates reward processes. In
      addition, evidence is discussed which suggests that this opioid activity may
      concurrently diminish the organism's emotional responsiveness to competing
      aversive stimuli. The relevance of this area of research to human opiate abuse is
      discussed.

PMID- 6388275
TI  - The main histocompatibility complex and ageing in mice and men.
AB  - Studies of the relationship between the main histocompatibility complex and
      survival into old age are reviewed. In mice there is some evidence that the H2
      system is involved with longevity. Studies in very old humans may help to explain
      the survival of genes modulating different immune responsiveness.

PMID- 6388276
TI  - [Localization of glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein in the human Muller cell].

PMID- 6388277
TI  - Clinical, biochemical and histological results of a double-blind trial with 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3, estradiol and placebo in post-menopausal osteoporosis.
AB  - Twenty-eight women with postmenopausal osteoporosis were studied in a double
      blind trial aimed to compare the effects of a one-year treatment with 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), estradiol valerate (E2) and placebo. Patients
      were divided into 4 groups: group 1 was given 1,25(OH)2D3 alone, group 2 was
      given E2 alone, group 3 was given 1,25(OH)2D3 + E2, group 4 received a placebo.
      The evaluation of the effects of the treatments included clinical examination of
      patients, the measurement of a number of biochemical parameters, such as plasma
      and urinary calcium and phosphate, urinary hydroxyproline, serum alkaline
      phosphatase, the measurement of intestinal calcium absorption and bone mineral
      content (BMC) and a histomorphometric study of bone biopsies from the iliac
      crest. The best clinical results were obtained in the patients who were given
      1,25(OH)2D3 alone; appreciable results were also noticed in the patients who were
      given E2 alone or in combination with 1,25(OH)2D3, while patients in the placebo
      group worsened. BMC decreased in the placebo group and increased, although non
      significantly, in the patients treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 or E2 or both. The
      histomorphometric study showed a significant increase in the mean trabecular
      diameter in patients treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 alone or in combination with E2.
      Changes in the volume density of trabecular bone paralleled those in BMC. The
      results of the trial indicate that 1,25(OH)2D3 is an effective therapeutic agent
      in postmenopausal osteoporosis.

PMID- 6388278
TI  - Separate determination of anticoccidial thiamine analogs by high-performance
      liquid chromatography.
AB  - The separate determination of anticoccidial thiamine analogs such as
      chloroethylthiamine and dimethialium, and thiamine was achieved by reversed-phase
      high-performance liquid chromatography after conversion to the corresponding
      thiochromes by alkaline oxidation. Using this method, it was demonstrated that
      chloroethylthiamine is accumulated in nonproliferating cells of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae by the same transport mechanism as for thiamine and dimethialium.

PMID- 6388279
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of abdominal aortic aneurysms.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 20 patients with radiologically
      or surgically proven abdominal aortic aneurysms using a Siemens Magnetom scanner
      with a 0.35-T superconductive magnet. On MRI, rapidly flowing blood emits little
      or no signal and appears black; stagnant blood, turbulent flow, and atheromatous
      plaques produce signals of various intensities and are imaged as light to medium
      gray. Of nine patients who underwent surgical repair, MRI correctly demonstrated
      the origin of the aortic aneurysm in nine and accurately determined the status of
      the iliac arteries in eight. In two patients in whom intravenous contrast
      administration was contraindicated, MRI provided the correct diagnosis of a
      mycotic pseudoaneurysm in one and clearly distinguished the iliac arteries from
      the surrounding fibrosis in the other. Of 11 patients who did not have surgical
      repair, MRI findings correlated well with other radiologic studies. MRI was found
      to be more reliable than sonography in determining the relation between the
      aneurysm and the renal arteries as well as the status of the iliac arteries.
      Despite these advantages, the authors still advocate sonography as the screening
      procedure of choice in patients with suspected abdominal aortic aneurysms because
      of its lower cost and east of performance. MRI should be reserved for patients
      who have had unsuccessful or equivocal sonographic examinations.

PMID- 6388280
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of the kidneys.
AB  - A study of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearances of the kidneys in six
      normal volunteers and 52 patients is reported. Corticomedullary differentiation
      was seen with the inversion-recovery (IR 1400/400) sequence in the normal
      volunteers and in patients with functioning transplanted kidneys and acute
      tubular necrosis. Partial or total loss of corticomedullary differentiation was
      seen in glomerulonephritis, acute and chronic renal failure, renal artery
      stenosis, and transplant rejection. The T1 of the kidneys was increased in
      glomerulonephritis with nephrotic syndrome, but the T1 was within the normal
      range for renal medulla in glomerulonephritis without nephrotic syndrome, renal
      artery stenosis, and chronic renal failure. A large staghorn calculus was
      demonstrated with MRI, but small calculi were not seen. Fluid within the
      hydronephrosis, simple renal cysts, and polycystic kidneys displayed very low
      signal intensity and long T1 values. Evidence of recent hemorrhage into cysts was
      seen in polycystic kidneys. Tumors displayed varied appearances. Hypernephromas
      were shown to be hypo- or hyperintense with the renal medulla on the IR 1400/400
      sequence. After intravenous injection of gadolinium-DTPA, there was marked
      decrease in the tumor T1.

PMID- 6388282
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of the abnormal female pelvis.
AB  - Twenty-three women with 27 instances of pelvic pathology were evaluated by
      magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Different pulse sequences were used, which
      varied the dependence of the images on T1 and T2. Sonography was performed on 22
      of the 23 patients. Five patients had CT examinations, including the patient who
      did not have sonography. MRI was also done in four normal volunteers. The spatial
      resolution of the MRI scans with short TR and TE intervals approached that of CT.
      There was overlap of MRI signal characteristics between various pathologic
      entities and also within the same entity (e.g., cystadenomas and endometriomas).

PMID- 6388281
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of renal transplants.
AB  - Nineteen patients were examined to determine the clinical potential of magnetic
      resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluation of renal transplants. A 0.6-T cryogenic
      magnet and spin-echo technique with varying pulsing factors were used. T1
      weighted images were best for differentiating the cortical and medullary parts of
      the transplanted kidney. Of the six living-related transplants with good renal
      function that were imaged, five demonstrated good corticomedullary
      differentiation (CMD) and one faint CMD. Three transplants with acute rejection
      were imaged, and all demonstrated a decrease in CMD and decrease in overall
      signal intensity compared with baseline. No CMD was seen in the three chronically
      rejecting transplants imaged. The appearance of cadaveric transplants and acute
      tubular necrosis was quite variable. All perinephric fluid collections were well
      depicted by MRI. Lymphoceles could be distinguished from hematomas. MRI may prove
      to be a useful adjunct in the evaluation of renal transplants and perinephric
      fluid collections.

PMID- 6388283
TI  - Intravenous DSA of extracranial carotid lesions: comparison with other techniques
      and specimens.
AB  - Intravenous digital subtraction arteriography (DSA) was performed in 306 patients
      with suspected ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Forty-eight carotid
      endarterectomies were performed in 43 of these patients. The percentage stenosis
      as determined on the intravenous DSA examination concurred (+/- 10%) with the
      surgical findings in 83.3%. There were 12.5% undercalls (false-negatives) and
      4.3% overcalls (false-positives). Of the false-negative and false-positive
      examinations only three would have affected the clinical management of the
      patient, yielding an overall sensitivity of 93.7%. Nine surgical lesions had both
      intravenous DSA and conventional arteriography. Intravenous DSA was correct in
      six and arteriography in seven of these lesions. There were four surgically
      confirmed ulcerations. Two were evaluated by intravenous DSA alone. Two had
      intravenous DSA and arteriography. The latter showed both ulcers; the former,
      only one. Thirty-seven surgical lesions had both intravenous DSA and high
      resolution real-time sonographic imaging. Sonography agreed in 67.5% and
      intravenous DSA in 83.7% of these lesions. When an abnormal supraorbital Doppler
      or an abnormal oculopneumoplethysmography/Gee examination is added to the
      sonographic examination, an overall sensitivity of 93% was obtained in detecting
      a surgical lesion (stenosis greater than 50%).

PMID- 6388284
TI  - Normal intraoperative spinal sonography.
AB  - The normal intraoperative sonographic features of the spinal canal, spinal cord,
      conus medullaris, and cauda equina are described and illustrated. Important
      observations concerning the normal spinal cord include its highly reflective
      dorsal and ventral surfaces, its uniform hypoechogenicity, and the presence of a
      central echo. Other easily identified structures within the spinal canal include
      the dura-arachnoid layer, subarachnoid space, denticulate ligament, dorsal
      arachnoid septations, and the roots of the cauda equina. In addition the
      sonographic appearance of commonly encountered iatrogenically introduced material
      including Gelfoam, Pantopaque, cottonoid pledgets, suture material, Harrington
      rods, and freeze-dried dura is also demonstrated. These normal images can serve
      as a baseline for the interpretation of various pathologic conditions of the
      spinal canal and its contents as seen with intraoperative spinal sonography.

PMID- 6388285
TI  - Intraoperative spinal sonography of soft-tissue masses of the spinal cord and
      spinal canal.
AB  - Intraoperative spinal sonography (IOSS) was used to evaluate and monitor the
      progress of surgery in 18 patients with soft-tissue masses of the spinal canal
      and spinal cord. With intramedullary masses, IOSS showed not only the site of
      maximum cord enlargement so that a precise biopsy could be performed but also was
      able to demonstrate the zone of transition between the mass and normal cord
      tissue. With extradural masses and intradural extramedullary masses, IOSS showed
      the exact size and location of the masses and confirmed their removal and/or
      adequate spinal cord decompression. IOSS indicated the extent of bone removal
      necessary to give adequate exposure to accomplish total removal of these masses
      or to localize the proper level for tissue biopsy. IOSS also indicated the need
      to open the dura when there had been unsuspected transdural tumor spread or when
      bony decompression had not been sufficient to relieve the pressure on the spinal
      cord in tonsillar ectopia. Intraoperative spinal sonography is recommended in all
      cases of spinal surgery performed to resect or biopsy soft-tissue masses of the
      spinal canal or spinal cord.

PMID- 6388286
TI  - Amebic liver abscess in children: the role of diagnostic imaging.

PMID- 6388287
TI  - Torsion of the ovary: sonographic features.
AB  - The sonographic findings in 19 cases of surgically proven torsion of the ovary
      are described. In all cases the affected ovary was markedly enlarged; in 32% of
      cases a small amount of fluid was detected in the cul-de-sac. More significant in
      terms of specificity was the demonstration in 14 (74%) of the 19 cases of small
      cystic structures scattered around the periphery of the organ. Sonographic
      demonstration of these structures, presumably prominent follicles, can suggest
      the preoperative diagnosis of ovarian torsion.

PMID- 6388289
TI  - Surgical treatment for facial hemangioma, 1834.

PMID- 6388290
TI  - Laceration repair.
AB  - Healing by primary intention is a threefold process, consisting of an initial
      phase in which red and white blood cells bind the wound; epithelialization and
      fibroplasia, and a maturation phase involving collagen synthesis. The appearance
      of the wound reflects its maturation. Skillful wound management is based on
      biologic principles. Time factors in wound closure, the effects of anesthetic
      techniques, debridement, the selection of sutures and the methods of suturing
      have profound effects on the outcome.

PMID- 6388291
TI  - Nonwarning hypoglycemia in drivers with diabetes.
AB  - Physicians are urged to identify the diabetic prone to nonwarning hypoglycemic
      reactions. Each patient's therapeutic regimen should be thoroughly reevaluated,
      and self-monitoring of the blood glucose should be instituted as a preventive
      measure. The inherent driving hazards of nonwarning hypoglycemia can be virtually
      eliminated by determining the glucose level just before driving and at one- to
      two-hour intervals on extended trips, and by maintaining the blood glucose at
      about 200 mg per dL.

PMID- 6388288
TI  - Pancreas divisum with pancreatitis and pseudocyst.

PMID- 6388292
TI  - Hydramnios and its clinical implications.

PMID- 6388293
TI  - Type A behavior and coronary heart disease.
AB  - Coronary-prone (Type A) behavior is an independent risk factor for ischemic heart
      disease (coronary heart disease). Recent investigations indicate that
      modification of Type A behavior is possible and that such treatment reduces the
      likelihood of subsequent coronary events. Type A behavior is not difficult to
      recognize in day-to-day family practice. By recognizing and responding to
      coronary-prone behavior, family physicians can play an active role in the
      prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease.

PMID- 6388294
TI  - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood.

PMID- 6388295
TI  - Practical aspects of automatic cardioverter/defibrillator implantation.

PMID- 6388296
TI  - The role of anticoagulant therapy in acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6388297
TI  - Modulation of high-density lipoprotein: the importance of protein
      phosphorylation/dephosphorylation.

PMID- 6388298
TI  - Genital herpes: new treatment strategies.

PMID- 6388299
TI  - Long-term therapy of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia: a randomized,
      double-blind comparison of digoxin, propranolol and verapamil.

PMID- 6388300
TI  - Electrocardiogram by Einthoven 63 years earlier.

PMID- 6388301
TI  - Historical beginnings of the mitral valve prolapse syndrome.

PMID- 6388302
TI  - Relation of severity of symptoms to prognosis in stable angina pectoris.
AB  - To determine if severity of angina is related to the extent of coronary artery
      disease (CAD) or prognosis, 341 patients were evaluated by a systematic physician
      administered angina questionnaire at entry into a large-scale randomized study of
      medical vs surgical treatment of stable angina pectoris. Severity of angina was
      numerically scored; scores were based on frequency of pain, rest pain, amount of
      daily medication, and level of daily activity. Severity scores were separated
      into mild, moderate and severe groups of approximately equal numbers and
      correlated with (1) number of coronary arteries narrowed, (2) presence of left
      main CAD, (3) ejection fraction less than 50%, (4) abnormalities of left
      ventricular function, (5) 3-vessel CAD with abnormal left ventricular function,
      (6) increased heart size by chest x-ray, (7) a noninvasive measure of prognosis,
      and (8) mortality. Severity of angina was not significantly related to any of the
      above variables except for the presence of left main CAD (p = 0.046) and
      increased heart size by chest x-ray (p = 0.001), both of which had low prevalence
      rates. Severity of angina at baseline was not related to 7-year survival in
      patients treated medically or surgically. Severity of angina at baseline,
      however, did predict 1- to 2-year survival in medically treated patients.
      Similarly, the severity of angina at 1 year and severity at 5 years predicted
      survival in the subsequent 4 years in the medical group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6388303
TI  - Double-blind placebo-controlled evaluation of propafenone in suppressing
      ventricular ectopic activity.
AB  - The effectiveness of oral propafenone in treating ventricular premature complexes
      (VPCs) was assessed with a single-blind dose-ranging trial followed by a double
      blind, randomized, crossover comparison of propafenone and placebo. Patients
      subsequently were treated with propafenone for up to 24 months. During dose
      ranging, the average of individual percent suppressions was 83% at the largest
      dose (300 mg/8 hours). During the double-blind trial, the effectiveness of
      propafenone was confirmed, with 7 of 12 patients achieving greater than or equal
      to 80% reduction in VPCs (p less than 0.05 versus double-blind placebo study).
      Propafenone was also effective in controlling couplets and nonsustained
      ventricular tachycardia. Seven patients were treated with propafenone for 24
      months, during which effectiveness continued, with mean suppression ranging from
      67 to 79% (p less than 0.05 versus initial single-blind placebo). Propafenone
      prolonged PR and QRS intervals by 16 and 18%, respectively; these prolongations
      continued during long-term therapy. Propafenone increased serum digoxin levels in
      5 of 5 patients (mean increase 83%). Cardiovascular side effects included
      congestive heart failure (1 patient) and conduction abnormalities (3 patients).
      Thus, propafenone was effective in the treatment of total and repetitive VPCs.
      Side effects were few, but congestive heart failure, conduction disturbances and
      increases in serum digoxin were observed.

PMID- 6388304
TI  - Ultrastructure of cultured atrial cardiac muscle cells from adult rats.
AB  - Atrial cardiac muscle cells enzymatically isolated from adult rats were
      maintained in culture for 0-17 days and examined by transmission electron
      microscopy (TEM). Cells were stained with conventional TEM stains as well as with
      osmium ferrocyanide and tannic acid. Our results show that cultured adult atrial
      cells are capable of in vitro ultrastructural reorganization and possess
      differentiated ultrastructural characteristics including specific atrial
      granules, sarcomerically arranged myofilaments, appropriately organized
      sarcoplasmic reticulum (both junctional and nonjunctional), and intercalated disc
      components. In addition, the cultured atrial cells also possess rare, but
      ultrastructurally typical, elements of the transverse tubular system. These can
      be identified on the basis of size, location, association with internal
      junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum, and accumulation of extracellular tracer.
      Atrial muscle cells are capable of reestablishing a myotypic ultrastructure,
      although they have a considerably less complex and organized in vitro
      ultrastructure than similarly cultured adult ventricular myocytes. This lessened
      in vitro ultrastructural specialization is in accord with the in vivo comparative
      ultrastructure of atrial vs. ventricular myocytes.

PMID- 6388306
TI  - Chinese folk medicine: a study of the Shan hai Ching, II.

PMID- 6388305
TI  - Effect of source of dietary carbohydrate on plasma glucose, insulin, and gastric
      inhibitory polypeptide responses to test meals in subjects with noninsulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Previous reports have documented the fact that plasma glucose and insulin
      responses can vary in response to the ingestion of different carbohydrate-rich
      foods. This has led to the creation of a "glycemic index," a classification of
      dietary carbohydrates on the basis of the relative rise in plasma glucose after
      the administration of the food in question as compared to a standard glucose
      challenge. In order to test the clinical utility of these observations, we
      evaluated plasma glucose, insulin, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide responses
      to four major sources of carbohydrate (potato, rice, spaghetti, lentil) as part
      of a conventional mixed meal in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus. Each test meal provided 40% of the subjects' calculated caloric
      requirement and contained 15% of total calories as protein, 40% as fat, and 45%
      as carbohydrate. The test carbohydrate represented 66% of total carbohydrate. The
      results indicated that plasma glucose concentrations after meals containing equal
      amounts of carbohydrate as rice, spaghetti, or lentil were similar and somewhat
      lower than meals containing potato. The plasma insulin responses to the four
      carbohydrate foods paralleled the glucose responses. Changes in gastric
      inhibitory polypeptide levels did not account for the effect of potato. These
      results are totally disparate from what would have been predicted by previously
      published values for the "glycemic index" of the four foods studied, and suggest
      that a "glycemic index" based on isolated challenges would have minimal clinical
      utility in efforts aimed at reducing postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with
      noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6388307
TI  - Outline of the beginnings of alchemy and its antecedents.
AB  - There had been a long use of Simples as drugs of longevity. Among these red
      substances predominated, red ochre and cinnabar as minerals, ephedra bearing red
      berries and pomegranate and peach as vegetable products. In China herbalism
      became a cult of longevity with its legendary founder as Emperor Shen Nung and
      with the god of longevity finally emerging from the peach as Shou-Sing. To excell
      simple drugs of longevity the first synthetic drug was prepared as brick red
      colloidal gold. It was called Chin-I. Gold-cum-herbal juice. Dialectally it was
      pronounced Kim-Iya, whence Alkimiya in Arabic, and finally alchemy. Chin-I was
      Herbo-golden drug and also gold-making-juice, a miraculous substance. But it was
      not blood-red. Now came Chin-Tan, Cinnabar-gold, red like blood. Its redness
      equalled blood and as such was soul, gold as its acceptor had an everlasting
      body. Chin-Tan was designed as the ideal drug of longevity. Alchemy started by
      making red gold but degenerated, trying to make bullion gold.

PMID- 6388308
TI  - Tibetan medicine--constitutional types.
AB  - Right at the start of research into Tibetan medicine, it is vital to determine
      the medical terminology and the latter has to be taken from sources. The starting
      point is the standard work of the Tibetan doctors, the book rGyud bzhi = Four
      Treatises (abbreviated title). It is from the texts of this book that we learn
      the the basic principle of Tibetan medicine is the three-part division. The three
      humours are wind (rlung), bile (mkhris pa) and phlegm (bad kan). Some of the
      important characteristics of the three humours are to be found in Part 1 or the
      rGyud bzhi, in which the System of Tibetan medicine is also described: Chapter 3
      (Root A): healthy organism, diseased organism. Chapter 4 (Root B): observation,
      palpation, questioning. Chapter 5 (Root C): nutrition, behaviour, medicines,
      treatments. We have arranged the characteristics of the three humours in
      accordance with the three roots of the System. The terms which have been derived
      from the text show clearly that the three humours are, through diagnostic
      methods, recognized as types to which specific kinds of treatment are assigned so
      that one can speak of there being a doctrine of constitution. A systemic
      description is, therefore, very important in that it is obvious that without a
      recognition of the types, treatment is impossible.

PMID- 6388309
TI  - Tan, cinnabar, as drug of longevity prior to alchemy.
AB  - Alchemy as the art of gold making never existing and had no beginning. It arose
      as the cult of longevity using simples, like gold and cinnabar, as drugs of
      longevity. It became alchemy on making the first synthetic drug, Chin-Yeh, Gold
      plus-herbal juice, and reached its ideal with Chin-Tan, Gold-plus-cinnabar. The
      former was red colloidal gold, the latter vermilion with traces of gold. As
      inscribed character Tan shows crude cinnabar, pulverized, lavagated and filtered
      on a rectangular piece of cloth.

PMID- 6388310
TI  - CEA and NCA in benign and malignant breast tumors.
AB  - The involvement of Nonspecific Crossreacting Antigen (NCA) in the
      immunohistological demonstration of Carcino Embryonic Antigen (CEA) in 56 benign
      and 92 malignant lesions of the breast was analyzed. For this purpose, the
      authors utilized both polyclonal antisera and monoclonal antibodies. Polyclonal
      anti-CEA sera were used after absorption with normal tissue antigens, in order to
      remove crossreactivity, and without such an absorption. Ninety-three percent of
      breast carcinomas, 85% of mastopathic lesions not associated with a carcinoma,
      and 66% of fibroadenomas showed positive reactions with commercial unabsorbed
      polyclonal anti-CEA serum, which contained antibodies to NCA, whereas incubation
      with monospecific anti-CEA antiserum resulted in 42% positivity in carcinomas and
      negativity in mastopathic lesions and fibroadenomas. Forty-eight percent of
      breast cancer, 84% of mastopathic lesions, and 50% of the fibroadenomas contained
      NCA in different quantities. The staining pattern of carcinomas and fibroadenomas
      obtained with unabsorbed anti-CEA antibody and anti-NCA did not run parallel in
      all cases. Monoclonal antibodies against CEA and NCA confirmed the results
      obtained with polyclonal antiserum. This study suggests a cancer specificity of
      CEA in breast lesions.

PMID- 6388311
TI  - Immunohistochemical observations of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CEA
      related substances in normal and neoplastic pancreas. Pitfalls and caveats in CEA
      immunohistochemistry.
AB  - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and its related substances in normal and
      neoplastic pancreas were studied by the indirect immunoperoxidase method, using
      six conventional and monoclonal antibodies. Gastric and colonic tissues were used
      as positive controls. The antigenicity of CEA and CEA-related substances were
      more unstable than expected. Normal gastric and colonic epithelial cells were
      unequivocally positive for the antigens in frozen sections, but their staining
      intensity weakened in paraffin sections. In normal pancreatic ducts, there was
      nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) or CEA-related substances containing
      antigenic determinants common to NCA, which were observed more easily in frozen
      sections than in paraffin sections. CEA or CEA-related substances lacking NCA
      like determinants were not detected in normal pancreas. In all pancreatic
      adenocarcinomas, CEA or CEA-related substances with or without NCA-like
      determinants were demonstrated. CEA immunohistochemistry with different
      monoclonal antibodies might be useful to overcome the heterogenous specificities
      of conventional anti-CEA antibodies.

PMID- 6388312
TI  - Immunoperoxidase demonstration of prostatic acid phosphatase in aspiration biopsy
      cytology (ABC).
AB  - The authors investigated the usefulness of immunoperoxidase demonstration of
      prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PAP) in determining the tissue of origin for
      carcinoma in aspiration biopsy cytology (ABC) specimens. Antisera from a
      commercial kit were applied using standard technics directly to Papanicoloau
      stained slides. PAP was diffusely positive in numerous tumor cells of 27/28
      moderately or poorly differentiated and 17/18 well-differentiated primary
      prostatic carcinomas. A negative result upon substituting the primary antiserum
      confirmed the reaction specificity in 18 cases with an additional available
      slide. PAP was demonstrable in corresponding histologic sections of 16/17
      moderately or poorly differentiated and 18/18 well-differentiated carcinomas.
      Only 2 of 22 nonprostatic carcinomas (both of breast origin) showed very rare
      positive cells. Four ABC specimens of metastatic prostatic carcinoma were
      diffusely positive. Thus, diffuse staining of PAP by immunoperoxidase in tumor
      cells of ABC specimens gives high sensitivity and specificity for prostate as the
      tissue of origin.

PMID- 6388313
TI  - Erich Lindemann as humanist, scientist, and change agent.

PMID- 6388314
TI  - A review of pediatric Doppler echocardiography.

PMID- 6388315
TI  - Treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. A comparative trial of
      sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim v pentamidine in pediatric patients with cancer:
      report from the Children's Cancer Study Group.
AB  - Pentamidine isethionate and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim are effective in the
      treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the immunosuppressed pediatric
      patient. To compare their efficacy and toxicity, 25 pediatric cancer patients
      with biopsy-proved P carinii pneumonia were randomly assigned to receive either
      pentamidine intramuscularly or sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim orally for 14 days.
      No differences in response or frequency of side effects were noted between the
      two drug regimens, with recovery occurring in 24 (96%) of 25 children. Skin
      eruptions and hematologic abnormalities were the most common side effects of
      sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim therapy, while local reactions at injection sites,
      abnormal renal function, and hypoglycemia were the most frequent complications of
      pentamidine treatment. The ease of administration and less serious side effects
      of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim make it the drug of first choice for treating P
      carinii pneumonia. Pentamidine remains an important drug for patients who fail to
      respond to this initial therapy.

PMID- 6388316
TI  - Primary peritonitis in previously healthy children.
AB  - In a review of 22 years of clinical experience, we found seven previously healthy
      children with primary peritonitis. The diagnosis was made at laparotomy in all
      patients. Their symptoms included diffuse abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, and
      diarrhea. Abdominal tenderness was maximal in the right lower quadrant in five
      children, which led to confusion with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.
      Streptococcus pneumoniae was identified as the etiologic agent in three patients
      and group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus in one patient. The remaining three
      patients all had prior antibiotic therapy, and peritoneal fluid cultures were
      sterile. All children had a prompt response to treatment with antibiotics and
      recovered without complications. Long-term follow-up (4 1/2 to 15 years) was
      available for three patients; all three remained healthy.

PMID- 6388317
TI  - The writings of Sir Bernard Spilsbury: Part I.
AB  - This is a two-part historical feature, highlighting the rare writings of Sir
      Bernard Spilsbury, the recognized leader of British forensic medicine in the
      first half of the 20th century. Parts I and II were compiled from the
      publications of the Medicolegal Society of Great Britain, where Sir Bernard
      Spilsbury served as President in 1933. Although his profile was presented
      previously in this Journal (vol. 2, no. 2, 179-182, 1981), it is felt that much
      of Sir Bernard Spilsbury's personality comes out in his writings and recordings
      of his speeches in the Medicolegal Society publications. Part I includes his
      lecture on "The Medico-Legal Significance of Bruises," presented before the
      Medicolegal Society in 1938; and a short case report read before the Medicolegal
      Society in 1924. The subject of the case report was sudden death from inhibition.
      Part II will contain two papers from the Medicolegal Society publications.

PMID- 6388318
TI  - Survival on integrated therapies--what assumptions shall we make?
AB  - The problems inherent in using actuarial survival calculations in order to
      compare different methods for treating end-stage renal failure (ESRF) are
      emphasized. Assumptions must be made concerning the date for commencement of
      follow-up observation, the method for handling patients who change therapy, and
      the impact of antecedent therapies on the one under consideration. It is stressed
      that patients involved in different treatment methods do not comprise comparable
      groups since they are not randomly assigned but are selected by the availability
      and applicability of treatment modes as well as physician and patient
      preferences. We have proposed that interval mortality and treatment change rates
      are descriptions of clinical events that have happened to any defined group of
      patients and may be easily understood by the physician who must advise and make
      decisions.

PMID- 6388319
TI  - Comparison of quality of life of patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis, hemodialysis, and after transplantation.
AB  - Preliminary findings regarding quality of life of 458 renal patients treated by
      in-center hemodialysis, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), or
      transplantation indicate more favorable adjustment for CAPD patients when
      compared with center hemodialysis patients. Patients with a successful transplant
      show the highest overall adjustment when compared with both groups of dialysis
      patients.

PMID- 6388320
TI  - The William Allan Memorial Award.

PMID- 6388321
TI  - Planning and coordinating pharmaceutical purchasing.
AB  - The planning and coordination of the pharmaceutical purchasing process are
      discussed. Planning for pharmaceutical purchasing should begin with decisions
      regarding why a purchasing policy is needed, what the institution's purchasing
      policy will be, and what departments will be involved in purchasing. General
      goals of purchasing and procedures for revising purchasing functions are
      presented, and the role of the pharmacy department, materials management, and
      other hospital departments in purchasing is discussed. Coordinating input on
      purchasing decisions from medical staff, administration, and clinical and
      technical pharmacy personnel to achieve purchasing goals and objectives is
      discussed. A well-designed pharmaceutical purchasing system provides for planned
      and scheduled purchases, competitive bidding, product standardization, group
      purchasing, information sharing, internal accountability, and quality assurance.

PMID- 6388322
TI  - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and modulation of cartilaginous changes in
      osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical implications.
AB  - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have a potential for modifying the complex
      pathophysiologic events leading to cartilage destruction in various forms of
      arthritis. Following an evaluation of basic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of
      cartilaginous destructive lesions, the effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
      drugs on normal chondrocyte metabolism are discussed. Their capacity to modulate
      cartilage and bone lesions in experimental forms of arthritis is addressed, as is
      the manner in which they may modify the pathophysiology of cartilage destruction
      in human forms of arthritis. Different classes of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
      drugs produce different effects in certain in vivo or in vitro settings.

PMID- 6388323
TI  - Host factors in defense against fungal infections.
AB  - The immune system contains multiple components that provide protection against
      specific groups of microorganisms. The degree of specialization of function is
      clearly illustrated in patients with immunodeficiency syndromes in whom the
      nature of the defect determines the sites of the infections and the
      susceptibility to certain organisms. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is an
      especially dramatic illustration of the role of the T-lymphocyte system in
      defense against opportunistic fungal infections, especially of the skin and
      mucous membranes. There is considerable heterogeneity of the immune abnormalities
      in patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. The most consistent defects
      involve subnormal production of lymphokines by T-cells in response to Candida
      antigens. However, some patients have more global defects and are unresponsive to
      all antigens and may have reduced responsiveness to mitogens as well. Successful
      therapy of this infection requires a combination of treatments, including such
      antifungal drugs as clotrimazole, ketoconazole, or amphotericin B and correction
      of the underlying immune defect with such agents as transfer factor.

PMID- 6388324
TI  - Candidiasis in the transplant patient.
AB  - The widely accepted practice of empirically administering amphotericin B to
      immunocompromised patients with fever unresponsive to antibiotics poses a hazard
      to transplant recipients receiving immunosuppression with cyclosporine. Improved
      methods of Candida detection and less toxic antifungals are urgently needed, but
      in the interim, treatment regimens should require a greater index of suspicion
      before initiating amphotericin therapy in patients receiving cyclosporine.

PMID- 6388325
TI  - Angiotensin II levels, hemodynamics, and sympathoadrenal function after low-dose
      captopril in heart failure.
AB  - The angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril improves the altered
      hemodynamics in many patients with chronic heart failure, but the first dose may
      precipitate hypotension. Ten patients with chronic heart failure were studied,
      nine with high plasma concentrations of renin and one with a low concentration.
      Frequent measurements of plasma concentrations of angiotensin II, renin, and
      catecholamines were made over 60 minutes after a small dose (6.25 mg) of
      captopril and related to concurrently measured hemodynamic variables. Captopril
      caused a decrease in systemic and pulmonary artery pressure and an increase in
      cardiac index, and these changes coincided with reductions in the plasma
      concentrations of angiotensin II and increases in plasma concentrations of renin.
      The hemodynamic changes were accompanied by reductions in the plasma
      concentrations of norepinephrine but transient increases in plasma concentrations
      of epinephrine in patients in whom vasomotor syncope developed. The patient with
      a low plasma renin concentration showed little hemodynamic response to the drug.
      It is concluded that vasomotor syncope occurs quite frequently in patients with
      severe chronic heart failure after captopril in a small dose and is associated
      with a selective increase in epinephrine secretion from the adrenal medulla.

PMID- 6388326
TI  - Potassium homeostasis and clinical implications.
AB  - The clinical estimation of potassium balance generally depends on the level of
      serum potassium. Since the extracellular fluid contains only 2 percent of the
      total body potassium, it must be recognized that potassium deficits are usually
      large before significant hypokalemia occurs, whereas smaller surfeits of
      potassium will cause hyperkalemia. The total body potassium is regulated by the
      kidney in which distal nephron secretion of potassium into the urine is enhanced
      by aldosterone, alkalosis, adaptation to a high potassium diet, and delivery of
      increased sodium and tubular fluid to the distal tubule. However, the
      distribution of potassium between the intracellular and extracellular fluids can
      markedly affect the serum potassium level without a change in total body
      potassium. Cellular uptake of potassium is regulated by insulin, acid-base
      status, aldosterone, and adrenergic activity. Hypokalemia, therefore, may be
      caused by redistribution of potassium into cells due to factors that increase
      cellular potassium uptake, in addition to total body depletion of potassium due
      to renal, gastrointestinal, or sweat losses. Similarly hyperkalemia may be caused
      by redistribution of potassium from the intracellular to the extracellular fluid
      due to factors that impair cellular uptake of potassium, in addition to retention
      of potassium due to decreased renal excretion. An understanding of the drugs that
      affect potassium homeostasis, either by altering the renal excretion of potassium
      or by modifying its distribution, is essential to the proper assessment of many
      clinical potassium abnormalities. Both hypokalemia and hyperkalemia may cause
      asymptomatic electrocardiographic changes, serious arrhythmias, muscle weakness,
      and death. Hypokalemia has also been associated with several other consequences,
      including postural hypotension, potentiation of digitalis toxicity, confusional
      states, glucose intolerance, polyuria, metabolic alkalosis, sodium retention,
      rhabdomyolysis, intestinal ileus, and decreased gastric motility and acid
      secretion.

PMID- 6388327
TI  - A new antihypertensive agent: Maxzide (75 mg triamterene/50 mg
      hydrochlorothiazide).
AB  - The combination of potassium-sparing diuretics with hydrochlorothiazide is
      extensively used by hypertensive patients. In the United States, a capsule
      formulation containing 50 mg triamterene and 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide (Dyazide)
      is the most popular fixed-combination product. However, several investigators
      have confirmed that absorption of both the triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide
      components of Dyazide is markedly reduced. This reduced bioavailability may
      reduce its effectiveness in hypertensive patients who change from optimally
      bioavailable hydrochlorothiazide tablets to Dyazide capsules in an effort to
      correct hypokalemia. Scored tablets containing 75 mg triamterene/50 mg
      hydrochlorothiazide (Maxzide) have been developed using a patented parallel
      granulation manufacturing process and evaluated in a series of bioavailability
      bioequivalence studies. The triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide components of
      Maxzide tablets were found to be as bioavailable as liquid preparations of the
      active ingredients given singly or in combination. Unlike Dyazide capsules, the
      hydrochlorothiazide component of Maxzide tablets was found to be absorbed to the
      same extent as single-entity hydrochlorothiazide tablets. These studies
      demonstrated that two Dyazide capsules (total of 100 mg triamterene/50 mg
      hydrochlorothiazide) deliver to the bloodstream approximately one-half the
      quantity of hydrochlorothiazide as one Maxzide (75 mg triamterene/50 mg
      hydrochlorothiazide) tablet or one 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide tablet. Similarly,
      two Dyazide capsules deliver approximately one-half the quantity of triamterene
      as one Maxzide tablet. The safety of Maxzide tablets (dose of one tablet a day)
      was then evaluated in three groups of hypertensive patients: those who previously
      had been given two Dyazide capsules a day, those who had received four Dyazide
      capsules a day, and newly diagnosed patients who had received no medication. The
      clinical condition of the patients who changed from two or four Dyazide capsules
      to one Maxzide tablet was not compromised. Indeed, significant reductions in
      blood pressures were observed, especially in some patients who had remained
      hypertensive while receiving Dyazide. As expected, the blood pressures of the
      previously untreated group also decreased significantly with Maxzide tablets.
      Clinically significant hyperkalemia or hypokalemia did not develop. There were no
      clinically significant changes in blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, or uric acid
      levels. In addition to enhanced bioavailability, Maxzide tablets offer the
      advantages of once-a-day dosing.

PMID- 6388328
TI  - Clinical experience with a new combination formulation of triamterene and
      hydrochlorothiazide (Maxzide) in patients with mild to moderate hypertension.
AB  - The results of an investigation to assess the clinical responses of patients with
      mild to moderate hypertension to a new combination formulation containing 75 mg
      triamterene and 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide are reported. One hundred fifty-six
      subjects entered the investigation. Subjects were divided into three groups,
      depending on whether they took two (group 1) or four capsules per day of a
      currently available formulation of triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide (Dyazide),
      or no antihypertensive medication prior to the start of the study. These
      medications were continued for an additional two weeks to generate baseline data.
      Thereafter, subjects received one tablet of the new combination formulation for
      four weeks. Seventy of the 156 participants received the new formulation for an
      additional period of at least 20 weeks. Observations during the study included
      sitting and standing pulse and blood pressure, weight, and serum electrolytes,
      uric acid, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels. The results of the
      investigation indicated that subjects transferred to the new combination drug
      maintained normal serum electrolyte values, including potassium, with no or minor
      changes in the levels of uric acid, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen.
      Reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were observed in all three
      study groups, including subjects receiving two or four capsules of Dyazide per
      day in the two-week baseline period. We conclude that mild to moderately
      hypertensive subjects taking no medication or either two or four capsules of
      Dyazide per day may be transferred safely to the new combination product of
      triamterene and hydrochlothiazide.

PMID- 6388329
TI  - Southwestern Internal Medicine Conference: chronic congestive heart failure--the
      nature of the problem and its management in 1984.

PMID- 6388330
TI  - Neural tube defects in Eastern Ontario and Western Quebec: demography and family
      data.
AB  - This paper reports the results of a study of families in the Eastern
      Ontario/Western Quebec region who had a child born with a neural tube defect
      during the years 1969-1981. As in several other geographic areas, the prevalence
      of neural tube defects at birth has fallen from previous levels. However, there
      was no evidence of further decline during the period of study. Socioeconomic and
      ethnic influences were noted, but there was no evidence of seasonal variation or
      any correlation with maternal age or parity. There was support for a causative
      role of maternal fever in some cases. The rates of miscarriage varied between
      pregnancies before and those after the proband, and there was an excess of males
      born prior to the proband. Family studies showed a 2.4% risk for sibs born after
      the proband and an excess of affected relatives on the maternal side. Knowledge
      of rates of occurrence in relatives is useful for counseling and the
      interpretation of the results of alpha-fetoprotein screening.

PMID- 6388331
TI  - Mechanical ventilation. Where it's at where it's going.

PMID- 6388332
TI  - High frequency jet ventilation.

PMID- 6388333
TI  - Prolonged pregnancy. I. Observations concerning the causes of fetal distress.
AB  - During a 2-year prospective investigation of prolonged pregnancy in 727 women, 59
      (8%) were delivered by cesarean section for fetal distress. This condition was
      diagnosed by means of electronic fetal heart rate monitoring in 47 of the women,
      and the patterns were unexpectedly characteristic of umbilical cord compression
      rather than uteroplacental insufficiency. Blinded sonar examinations were
      performed in 213 women, and the incidence of cesarean section for fetal distress
      as now described was significantly increased in those with oligohydramnios (two
      or fewer 1 cm pockets of amniotic fluid). We conclude that the pathophysiology of
      fetal distress in prolonged pregnancy is typically oligohydramnios that leads to
      compromised umbilical cord perfusion, rather than uteroplacental insufficiency.

PMID- 6388334
TI  - Prophylactic antibiotics for curettage abortion.
AB  - Opinion is divided as to the advisability of routine use of prophylactic
      antibiotics for curettage abortion. Six studies, including three randomized
      clinical trials, suggest that prophylaxis reduces infectious morbidity associated
      with curettage abortions by about one half. Three other studies, two involving
      prophylaxis for instillation abortions and one involving a vaginal antiseptic for
      curettage abortion, support the hypothesis that antimicrobial prophylaxis reduces
      morbidity. Tetracyclines are commonly used for this purpose. The cost of routine
      prophylaxis even with an expensive tetracycline would appear to be offset by the
      savings in direct and indirect costs. Prophylaxis may help prevent both short
      term morbidity and potential late sequelae, such as ectopic pregnancy and
      infertility.

PMID- 6388336
TI  - Grooved tying forceps.

PMID- 6388335
TI  - Amniotic fluid 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2 during labor.
AB  - Production of the antiaggregatory and vasodilatory prostacyclin (prostaglandin
      I2) and the proaggregatory and vasoconstrictory thromboxane A2 during human labor
      was studied by measuring serial concentrations of the stable metabolites of these
      prostanoids, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2, respectively, in
      the amniotic fluid of 43 parturients whose labor was induced by amniotomy. The
      concentration of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha at amniotomy in 28 healthy
      parturients (92.7 +/- 12.1 pg/ml, mean +/- SE) was higher (p less than 0.02) than
      that in 15 preeclamptic women (48.6 +/- 5.5 pg/ml). The concentration of
      thromboxane B2 at amniotomy was 292.4 +/- 56.1 pg/ml, with no difference between
      the healthy and preeclamptic parturients. Both prostanoid levels rose
      consistently during labor, reaching peak levels when the cervix was fully
      dilated, but this rise started only after the established uterine contractility.
      Epidural anesthesia and paracervical blockade had no effect on 6-keto
      prostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2 in the amniotic fluid, whereas oxytocin
      infusion was accompanied by reduced levels of thromboxane B2. The rise in
      amniotic fluid 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha was reduced at every stage of labor
      in the preeclamptic women (n = 15), and its maximal increase (112.4 +/- 28.3
      pg/ml) was smaller (p less than 0.005) than in the healthy women (n = 28, 240.8
      +/- 21.4 pg/ml). The ratio of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha to thromboxane B2
      also shifted to thromboxane B2 dominance in the preeclamptic parturients. It is
      concluded that a relative prostacyclin deficiency deteriorates in preeclamptic
      women during labor.

PMID- 6388337
TI  - Suture cutter-remover device.

PMID- 6388338
TI  - Diabetic retinopathy and insulin therapy in a rural diabetic population.

PMID- 6388339
TI  - Diabetic retinopathy and insulin therapy in a rural diabetic population.

PMID- 6388340
TI  - Strategies for evaluating clinical change: implications for practice and
      research.
AB  - The methods and procedures of evaluation research using single-system or small-N
      designs are defined and described. Various components of single-system evaluation
      research, including specifying the problem, measuring and recording the data,
      selecting an appropriate design, and analyzing the data, are presented and
      discussed. The argument is made that single-system evaluation research methods
      are ideally suited to document clinical change on an individual basis and can
      provide a mechanism for establishing therapeutic accountability. The relationship
      between single-system evaluation research and the more traditional experimental
      procedures is briefly explored, and the implications for establishing an
      empirically derived basis for clinical practice are discussed.

PMID- 6388341
TI  - Implications of the failure rates of bonded brackets and eyelets: a clinical
      study.
AB  - A clinical study of the rate of failure of bonded brackets and eyelets on primary
      molars was undertaken. Two groups of patients (one bonded contralaterally and the
      other at random) were studied for 12 to 17 months. The data support the
      hypothesis that one major cause of bond failure is the force of occlusion during
      mastication. On the basis of this finding, several clinical applications are
      suggested. These include rotation of second premolars, closure of extraction
      spaces, and the management of limited treatment of lower incisors in the presence
      of deep, traumatic overbite.

PMID- 6388342
TI  - Presentation of the Gold Headed Cane Award to Earl P. Benditt 1984.

PMID- 6388343
TI  - Development and heterogeneity of antigens in the immature nephron. Reactivity
      with human antiglomerular basement membrane autoantibodies.
AB  - Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy was performed with 15 human anti
      glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies and mouse monoclonal antibodies to
      Type IV collagen (MBM4) and renal basement membranes (MBM15) on renal tissue from
      6 fetuses (gestational age, 15-23 weeks), 8 infants (age, 1-21 days), and 8
      children and adults (ages, 3-27 years). Of the 15 human anti-GBM antibodies that
      react with GBM in adult glomeruli, only 4 identified antigens in the GBM of fetal
      and infant glomeruli. In contrast, the monoclonal antibodies bound to basement
      membranes in the uninduced nephron and the GBM throughout all development stages
      of the fetal kidney. These studies demonstrate that the reactivity of human
      autoantibodies with GBM is developmentally and gestationally related--some
      identifying an antigen(s) in fetal glomeruli with early capillary loop formation
      and others reacting only with GBM in fully mature kidneys.

PMID- 6388344
TI  - Chemotactic activity generated in human serum from the fifth component of
      complement by hydrogen peroxide.
AB  - Exposure of normal human serum to various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide as
      low as 68.8 microM resulted in the generation of chemotactic activity for human
      neutrophils, which was inhibited by adding catalase prior to the exposure.
      Maximum chemotactic activity was obtained by hydrogen peroxide at a concentration
      of 1.1 mM, and the concentration greater than 1.1 mM expressed decreased
      activity. On the contrary, hydrogen peroxide less than 1.1 mM produced dose
      dependent chemotactic activity. The generation of chemotactic activity is
      initiated at an incubation time of 5 minutes, and subsequently increases with up
      to 90 minutes. The suppression of chemotactic activity was minimum even after 180
      minutes. The maximum activity was obtained by 1024-fold dilution of serum treated
      with 13.8 mM hydrogen peroxide. These results suggest that the disappearance of
      chemotactic activity at the high-dose range of hydrogen peroxide is due to
      neutrophil deactivation rather than inactivation of the chemotactic activity
      after it was generated. Similarly, purified human C5 exposed to hydrogen peroxide
      generated chemotactic activity. The chemotactic activity was inhibitable by
      antiserum to human C5. The molecular weight of chemotactically active substance
      was approximately 15,000. The generation of chemotactic activity was not
      inhibited by addition of EGTA or EDTA. These results imply that hydrogen peroxide
      generates C5a-like chemotactic factor through hydrolysis of C5.

PMID- 6388345
TI  - Mediation of endotoxin-induced changes in zinc metabolism in rats.
AB  - A further characterization of endotoxin-induced changes in zinc metabolism
      provided insight into the possible mediation processes involved. Endotoxin
      reduced serum zinc levels while elevating zinc associated with hepatic
      metallothionein (Zn-MT) in control, fasted, and zinc-depleted rats. Unlike zinc,
      copper in the serum and that associated with metallothionein showed little
      response to endotoxin. In vitro translation of liver mRNA demonstrated that
      metallothionein mRNA levels were increased after endotoxin administration to
      either control or zinc-depleted rats. Cycloheximide fully blocked endotoxin
      induced alterations in serum and metallothionein zinc, but actinomycin D was only
      partially inhibitory. Glucagon might act as the primary mediator for these
      actinomycin D-insensitive changes. Glucocorticoids might be responsible for the
      remaining alterations in zinc metabolism because dexamethasone increased 65Zn
      accumulation in cultured hepatocytes, whereas endotoxin did not. In endotoxin
      treated rats, the kidney as well as liver showed increases in metallothionein
      zinc and metallothionein-mRNA. Virtually all the effects of endotoxin were
      mimicked by leukocytic endogenous mediator, implying that it probably represents
      the initial mediator of endotoxin action on zinc metabolism.

PMID- 6388346
TI  - Accommodation to a reduced islet cell mass in dogs.
AB  - The quantitative insulin response to glucose stimulus can be drastically reduced
      by subtotal pancreatectomy. An 80% pancreatectomy was performed preserving the
      pancreatic duct in seven dogs. The insulin output into the portal vein and
      cephalic vein insulin after intravenous glucose challenge were measured. Output
      was recorded in 25 controls, and before and 2 wk after subtotal pancreatectomy in
      the seven animals. Histologic sections of the original resection were compared
      with the remnant of pancreas taken at the end of the study. In this model, which
      approaches islet cell failure in terms of glucose homeostasis, the tactics that
      permit enhancement of islet function can be discerned and to some degree
      quantitated. The pancreatic remnant does not oversecrete to approximate normal
      function, although glucose sensitivity is somewhat enhanced. No beta-cell
      hyperplasia was seen. Despite low insulin output into the portal vein, systemic
      insulin levels are conserved. This decrease in the plasma clearance of insulin
      supports glucose homeostasis. Accommodation to severe islet reduction occurs via
      both intrapancreatic and, more importantly, extrapancreatic mechanisms.

PMID- 6388347
TI  - Modulation of gonadotropin secretion by Sertoli cell inhibin, LHRH, and sex
      steroids.
AB  - Sertoli cell culture media (SCM) from 10-, 20-, 30-, 35-, and 40-day-old male
      Wistar rats were assayed to determine the inhibin activity in anterior pituitary
      cells in culture. In agreement with previous data, SCM did not affect the
      luteinizing hormone (LH) spontaneous release at all ages studied, whereas it
      inhibited specifically follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) spontaneous release by
      40% for the 40-day-old rats. Younger animals (10-, 20-, and 30-day-old) showed a
      60% inhibition of the FSH basal release. The inhibin activity was also different
      at all stages studied, the IC50 being markedly displaced to the right as the age
      increased, leading to a fivefold difference between 10- and 30- to 40-day-old
      rats. The same pattern was observed when the LH and FSH responses to 0.3 nM LH
      releasing hormone (LHRH) were studied. SCM from 35-day-old rats did not alter
      total LH, whereas total FSH was markedly reduced, thus suggesting a reduced FSH
      synthesis in the presence of inhibin. SCM exerts an additive inhibitory effect
      with dihydrotestosterone on the LH response to LHRH, whereas it reverses the
      stimulatory effect of the androgen on spontaneous and LHRH-induced FSH release.
      Moreover, SCM reversed the stimulatory effect of 17 beta-estradiol on both
      spontaneous and LHRH-induced LH and FSH release, whereas the stimulatory effect
      of progesterone on FSH release was 50-80% inhibited. The present data show that
      inhibin activity of Sertoli cell origin can exert marked interactions with sex
      steroids in the control of gonadotropin secretion. These data also demonstrate
      that the inhibin component is an important factor in sexual maturation of the rat
      and that high FSH levels of 10-day-old rats could suggest a modulation by a
      nonandrogenic factor of gonadotropin secretion in developing rats.

PMID- 6388348
TI  - Glucose production and utilization in children with glycogen storage disease type
      I.
AB  - Glucose turnover rates were estimated with [2H2]glucose in five children with
      glycogen storage disease type I (GSD I) during sequential withdrawal of an
      infusion of glucose to determine whether their hypoglycemia was the result of
      decreased glucose production or increased rates of glucose utilization. Plasma
      glucose concentrations were 78 +/- 5 mg/dl during infusion of glucose at 6 mg X
      kg-1 X min-1 and decreased to 53 +/- 3 and 45 +/- 7 mg/dl during the 3 and 1.5 mg
      X kg-1 X min-1 glucose infusions, respectively. Total glucose flux during the 6
      mg X kg-1 X min-1 glucose infusion was 7.3 +/- 0.7 mg X kg-1 X min-1 and
      decreased with reduction in the rate of glucose infused. Endogenous glucose
      production increased with each decrease in the rate of exogenous glucose infused.
      Following discontinuation of glucose infusion, endogenous glucose production was
      3.9 +/- 0.3 mg X kg-1 X min-1, a value that was lower (P less than 0.05) than
      that observed in overnight-fasted normal children (6.3 +/- 0.3 mg X kg-1 X min-1)
      but not statistically different from the Ra of normal children fasted for 30 h
      (4.1 +/- 0.5 mg X kg-1 X min-1). Thus, children with GSD have glucose production
      rates that are 40% lower than those of normal children fasted overnight but equal
      to those of normal children fasted 30 h. Rates of glucose utilization during the
      6 mg X kg-1 X min-1 glucose infusion were higher (0.05 less than P less than 0.1)
      than those of overnight-fasted normal children, despite lower plasma glucose
      concentrations when expressed on a body weight basis but not when expressed on
      the basis of estimated brain weight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6388349
TI  - Selective vasodilators redistribute intestinal blood flow and depress oxygen
      uptake.
AB  - In this paper we report the effects of adenosine and isoproterenol on intestinal
      oxygen consumption. Using the recently developed technique of laser-Doppler
      velocimetry (LDV), we also studied the effects of these two agents on regional
      blood flow in the canine intestinal mucosa and muscularis. In isolated gut loops
      perfused at constant blood flow, both vasodilators depressed O2 uptake, but
      isoproterenol increased rubidium extraction while adenosine depressed rubidium
      extraction. Under constant pressure perfusion both dilators depressed O2 uptake
      but increased total flow. Isoproterenol increased the capillary filtration
      coefficient (Kf), but adenosine depressed Kf. LDV flowmetry showed adenosine
      increased muscularis flow and depressed mucosal flow. Both LDV flowmetry and
      radioactive microspheres showed isoproterenol increased mucosal but depressed
      muscularis flow. Our data indicate that the deleterious effects of isoproterenol
      and adenosine in depressing intestinal oxygen uptake can be explained by the
      ability of these agents to selectively vasodilate one of the regional
      circulations within the gut wall and by a "vascular steal" mechanism to reduce
      blood flow in the other vascular bed not as sensitive to the agent in question.
      The reduction in the regional blood flow thus depresses the O2 consumption of the
      gut as a whole. By comparing our regional laser-Doppler blood flow data with a
      simple analog model, we show that the seemingly paradoxical effect of
      vasodilators in depressing a regional blood flow while increasing total perfusion
      is explicable by a "vascular steal" mechanism.

PMID- 6388350
TI  - Hepatic glycerol flux after E. coli endotoxin administration.
AB  - Hepatic glycerol flux was examined in dogs after the administration of
      Escherichia coli endotoxin (0.4 mg/kg) to determine the contribution of the liver
      to the previously observed decline in the metabolic clearance rate of glycerol.
      Hepatic glycerol flux was estimated by determining hepatic arterial and portal
      venous blood flows with electromagnetic flow probes and by measuring
      arteriovenous difference of glycerol across the liver. Administration of
      endotoxin significantly decreased total hepatic blood flow (by approximately 20%)
      but did not alter hepatic arterial blood flow. Hepatic glycerol clearance
      decreased by 25-30% after endotoxin administration. Hepatic glycerol extraction
      also decreased. Under control conditions, 60% of the metabolic clearance rate of
      glycerol was attributable to the liver, whereas in the postendotoxin state
      approximately 72% of the glycerol clearance could be accounted for by hepatic
      clearance. Thus changes in transhepatic glycerol flux are only partially
      responsible for the previously observed alterations in glycerol clearance after
      endotoxin administration. Although hepatic glycerol clearance decreased, net
      hepatic glycerol, as well as lactate and alanine, uptake did not decrease,
      indicating that gluconeogenic precursor availability to the hepatocytes was not
      diminished. Hepatic glucose output was elevated after endotoxin administration.
      Changes in hepatic glucose output and gluconeogenic precursor uptake help explain
      the endotoxin-induced alternations in the fluxes of these metabolites.

PMID- 6388351
TI  - Effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide on canine prostatic contraction and
      secretion.
AB  - Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-like immunoreactivity was found in intrinsic
      autonomic ganglion cells and nerve fibers located at the surface and within the
      canine prostate. In anesthetized dogs, porcine VIP (100-3,000 ng/kg iv) decreased
      arterial pressure and increased heart rate but did not result in the release of
      fluid from the prostate, indicating that VIP neither contracted glandular smooth
      muscle to expel fluid nor provoked secretion. Intravenous infusions of VIP at 10,
      50, 100, and/or 200 ng X kg-1 X min-1 produced dose-related decreases in arterial
      pressure, increases in heart rate, and potentiation of the secretory response to
      the intravenous administration of pilocarpine and to electrical stimulation of
      the hypogastric nerves at 2 but not at 20 Hz. VIP at 1 microgram/ml neither
      contracted isolated strips of prostate nor modified their contraction by
      norepinephrine. It is unlikely that VIP mediates hypogastric nerve-induced
      prostatic contraction or secretion in the dog, but VIP may serve as a
      neuromodulator of nerve-induced secretion.

PMID- 6388352
TI  - Elevated postprandial insulin levels do not induce satiety in normal-weight
      humans.
AB  - To determine whether an elevated insulin level contributes to satiety, two
      experiments were conducted using a covert system of monitoring food intake.
      Normal-weight volunteers received intravenous infusion of either 0.15 M saline or
      a mixture of glucose and insulin during a single-course meal. In the first group,
      the glucose-insulin infusion (0.03 U insulin X kg-1 X h-1 and 0.25 g glucose X kg
      1 X h-1) was begun 30 min before the start of the test meal and ended 15 min
      after subjects had voluntarily stopped eating. Plasma insulin was raised
      threefold, and glucose increased 20 mg/dl above preinfusion base line at time of
      eating. In the second group, the glucose-insulin mixture (insulin bolus of 12
      mU/kg plus 0.03 U insulin X kg-1 X h-1 and 0.125 g glucose X kg-1 X h-1) was
      delivered 12 min after an appetizer was served and just as the test meal began.
      This infusion was stopped 12 min after the end of the meal. Serum insulin was
      fourfold higher than saline infusion levels at onset of eating, but glucose
      remained the same. The changes induced in these studies by the glucose-insulin
      infusions mimicked normal insulin and glucose levels seen shortly before
      satiation is complete in a meal. No effect on meal size or duration was observed.
      Therefore normal postprandial elevation of insulin is unlikely to signal satiety
      in humans.

PMID- 6388353
TI  - Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance enhances B cell responsiveness to
      glucose level in normal men.
AB  - To determine whether islet adaptation during insulin resistance involves
      increased responsiveness to the level of plasma glucose, insulin resistance was
      induced in nine normal men by giving dexamethasone (Dex) (3 mg twice daily for 2
      days). Plasma insulin and acute insulin responses (AIR) to isoproterenol were
      measured at three different glucose levels under control and Dex conditions.
      During Dex there were elevations above control levels of basal glucose (104 +/- 2
      vs. 94 +/- 3 mg/dl) and insulin (21 +/- 3 vs. 13 +/- 2 microU/ml, both P less
      than 0.03). When glucose levels were raised stepwise by matching amounts using
      glucose clamps, AIR to isoproterenol rose as a linear function of glucose level
      under both conditions but rose more steeply during Dex. That is, the potentiating
      effect of glucose (delta AIR/delta glucose) was greater during Dex: 1.3 +/- 0.2
      vs. 0.8 +/- 0.2 (P less than 0.01). Similarly, matched increments in glucose
      level produced greater increments in prestimulus insulin level during Dex (P less
      than 0.03). We conclude that 48 h of Dex raises the "gain" of the potentiating
      effect of glucose. Because the direct effect of glucocorticoids on B cell
      function has been reported to be inhibitory, the observed stimulation is likely
      to be a result of the insulin resistance caused by Dex.

PMID- 6388354
TI  - Insulin stimulates Pi transport in brush border vesicles from proximal tubular
      segments.
AB  - Induction of hyperinsulinemia in dogs results in enhanced reabsorption of Pi from
      glomerular filtrate in the renal proximal tubule. To determine whether this may
      be a direct action of insulin mediated by altered transport characteristics of
      the proximal tubular brush border membrane, we measured Na+-dependent 32Pi
      transport in brush border membrane vesicles prepared from isolated proximal
      tubular segments originating from dog kidney that had been incubated with or
      without insulin. Specific high affinity binding sites for insulin were detected
      in proximal tubular segments. Increased initial rates (15 s) of Na+-dependent
      32Pi transport were measured in brush border vesicles prepared from segments that
      had been incubated with insulin. This effect of insulin was concentration
      dependent over the range of 10(-10) to 10(-6) M insulin. These studies
      demonstrate the feasibility of using brush border vesicles prepared from proximal
      tubular segments to study solute transport. Our findings suggest that insulin
      induced increased Pi reabsorption in the proximal tubule is mediated by a direct
      action of insulin on the proximal tubular cell, which results in increased Na+-Pi
      cotransport across the brush border membrane.

PMID- 6388355
TI  - Kinetics of cell age-dependent decline of insulin receptors in human red cells.
AB  - Insulin receptors are present in human erythrocytes and correlate negatively with
      cellular age. Little is known about the function of these receptors, about the
      precise kinetics of their decline during cell aging or about their fate after
      disappearance from the cells. To elucidate some of these questions, we have
      prepared red blood cell populations of widely varying cellular ages (ranging from
      the erythroblast stage to senescent mature erythrocytes) by isopycnic
      centrifugation on isosmolar density gradients. In addition, young red cells were
      cultured for 4 days in vitro to permit observation of short-term changes. In
      mature erythrocytes, insulin receptors decreased as an exponential function of
      cell age with an estimated half time of 40 days. A more rapid decline of insulin
      receptors occurred coincident with reticulocyte maturation. Loss of receptors
      from cultured cells was accompanied by appearance of a soluble insulin receptor
      in the medium. The effect of insulin on glucose utilization in erythroblast and
      reticulocyte preparations was negligible, as assessed by CO2 and lactate
      production. We conclude that 1) insulin receptors are progressively lost from the
      red blood cell after the erythroblast stage; 2) receptor loss is particularly
      rapid during reticulocyte maturation; 3) shedding of receptors into the
      extracellular environment is one reason for their depletion from cells; and 4) in
      basophilic erythroblasts and reticulocytes, insulin exhibits little metabolic
      action despite the relatively high receptor complement present in these cells.

PMID- 6388356
TI  - Triiodothyronine increases splanchnic release and peripheral uptake of glucose in
      healthy humans.
AB  - To examine the effect of experimental hyperthyroidism induced by triiodothyronine
      (T3) administration on glucose utilization and glucose-stimulated insulin
      secretion, euglycemic insulin clamp studies (A), hyperglycemic clamp studies (B),
      and estimation of splanchnic glucose metabolism after an oral glucose load by
      means of the hepatic venous catheter technique (C) were performed in healthy
      volunteers whose serum T3 concentration had been increased from 1.1 +/- 0.02 (SE)
      to 3.5 +/- 0.2 ng/ml. At plasma insulin concentrations of 77 +/- 6 microU/ml and
      maintenance of euglycemia, insulin-mediated glucose metabolism (6.8 +/- 0.4 mg X
      kg-1 X min-1) was not significantly altered following T3 exposure (7.2 +/- 0.7)
      in study A. When plasma glucose was raised and maintained at 7 mmol/l above
      basal, glucose uptake (10.6 +/- 0.7 mg X kg-1 X min-1) was increased to 14.6 +/-
      2.0 mg X kg-1 X min-1 (P less than 0.02) following T3 administration in study B.
      In study C, basal splanchnic glucose output (104 +/- 10 mg/min) was markedly
      augmented when preceded by T3 exposure (167 +/- 17 mg/min; P less than 0.005).
      After a 75-g glucose load, splanchnic glucose output was enhanced by T3 by 30%
      (43.4 +/- 2.2 vs. 56.9 +/- 6.6 g/150 min; P less than 0.05), whereas arterial
      plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, and C-peptide were not significantly
      different. It is concluded that in healthy humans, exposure to elevated plasma
      concentrations of T3 increases the amount of glucose to be released from the
      splanchnic bed. Glucose tolerance, however, remains unaltered, because peripheral
      glucose uptake is increased at the same time.

PMID- 6388357
TI  - Abnormal coupling of insulin receptor binding in noninsulin-dependent diabetes.
AB  - By use of the glucose clamp sequential insulin infusion technique, we compared
      the dose-response characteristics of insulin-mediated glucose disposal in 17
      patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and 13 age- and
      weight-matched nondiabetic volunteers. In terms of plasma insulin concentrations,
      the dose-response curve in the diabetics was shifted to the right (Km 156 +/- 28
      vs. 58 +/- 4 microU/ml in nondiabetics, P less than 0.01) with a decreased
      maximum response (Vmax 320 +/- 22 vs. 405 +/- 10 mg X m-2 X min-1 in
      nondiabetics, P less than 0.01). Moreover, coupling between insulin receptor
      binding and activation of insulin effector units was defective in the diabetic
      subjects (half-maximally effective insulin receptor occupancy 184 +/- 11 vs. 145
      +/- 12 pg in nondiabetics for monocytes, P less than 0.02, and 120 +/- 8 vs. 85
      +/- 4 pg for erythrocytes in nondiabetics, P less than 0.01). The presence of
      defective coupling in itself could explain the abnormal insulin dose-response
      characteristics for glucose disposal in NIDDM and differentiates the insulin
      resistance of this condition from that of obesity in which coupling is normal.

PMID- 6388359
TI  - Prostaglandin I2 attenuates ischemic acute renal failure in the rat.
AB  - We gave prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) (8 ng X kg-1 X min-1 i.v.) for 20 min before,
      during, and 20 min after clamping of the rat left renal artery for 40 min to
      evaluate the effect of PGI2 in this model of acute renal failure. Control animals
      were given glycine buffer (PGI2 diluent). Glomerular filtration rate was
      estimated by the clearance of inulin 24 h later from each kidney. In group I rats
      (studied during hydropenia) inulin clearance in the control (right) kidney
      averaged 1.4 ml/min. Inulin clearance in kidneys exposed to 40 min of ischemia
      was 0.05 (glycine treated) versus 0.22 (PGI2 treated) ml/min. Although PGI2
      offered significant protection in the group I animals, the differences were small
      and many of the glycine-treated ischemic kidneys were anuric. In the group II
      studies the same protocol was employed except that 5% body wt volume expansion
      was done with Ringer solution prior to measurement of inulin clearance. In the
      group II rats inulin clearance in control (right) kidneys averaged 1.5 ml/min.
      Inulin clearance after 40 min of renal ischemia was 0.04 ml/min in glycine
      treated rats versus 0.90 ml/min in PGI2-treated animals. Histological examination
      of the group II ischemic kidneys revealed cellular necrosis and cast formation in
      the S3 segments of the glycine-treated animals and significantly less necrosis
      and cast formation in the PGI2-treated animals. The degree of necrosis and casts
      was inversely related to inulin clearance. Accordingly, PGI2 significantly
      attenuated the fall in inulin clearance measured 24 h after ischemia.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6388358
TI  - Interactions among renal nerves, prostaglandins, and renal arterial pressure in
      the regulation of renin release.
AB  - To examine the interactions among the renal nerves, prostaglandins, and renal
      arterial pressure in the regulation of renin secretion, experiments using low
      frequency renal nerve stimulation (LFRNS; supramaximal voltage, 0.5 ms, 0.5 Hz)
      were performed in anesthetized dogs. LFRNS, which did not affect renal
      hemodynamics or urinary sodium excretion, increased renin secretion rate before
      (79 +/- 16 ng/min) but significantly less after renal arterial administration of
      indomethacin or meclofenamate (26 +/- 7 ng/min). In a separate group of dogs,
      LFRNS increased both renin secretion rate (266 +/- 139 ng/min) and renal
      prostaglandin E2 secretion rate (2,080 +/- 635 ng/min). LFRNS does not alter
      input stimuli to the renal vascular baroreceptor or tubular macula densa receptor
      mechanisms for renin secretion and represents a direct neural stimulus for renin
      secretion; this also increases renal prostaglandin E2 secretion rate, which
      contributes to the increase in renin secretion rate. The renin secretion rate
      response of innervated and denervated kidneys to reduction in renal arterial
      pressure to 50 mmHg was examined before and after indomethacin/meclofenamate
      administration. The observation that indomethacin/meclofenamate decreased but did
      not abolish the renin secretion rate response to aortic constriction in
      innervated kidneys suggests the presence of a prostaglandin-independent mechanism
      that is mediated by an interaction between the renal nerves and the tubular
      macula densa receptor, as indomethacin/meclofenamate essentially abolished the
      renin secretion rate response to aortic constriction in denervated kidneys.

PMID- 6388360
TI  - Glycogen resynthesis in leg muscles of rats during exercise.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine whether glycogen resynthesis can occur in
      glycogen-depleted muscles in response to glucose feeding during prolonged
      exercise. Rats were exercised for 40 min with a treadmill running program
      designed to deplete muscle glycogen. One group was studied immediately after the
      glycogen-depletion exercise. A second group was given 1 g glucose by stomach tube
      and exercised for an additional 90 min at a running speed of 22 m/min on a
      treadmill set at an 8 degree incline; they were given additional 1-g glucose
      feedings after 30 and 60 min of running. The initial 40-min run resulted in liver
      glycogen depletion, large decreases in plasma glucose and insulin concentrations,
      and a marked lowering of muscle glycogen. The glucose feedings resulted in
      greater than twofold increases in the concentrations of glucose and insulin in
      plasma, and of glycogen in leg muscles, during the 90 min of running. No
      repletion of liver glycogen occurred. These results provide evidence that
      glycogen resynthesis can occur in glycogen-depleted muscle despite continued
      moderate intensity exercise if sufficient glucose is made available.

PMID- 6388361
TI  - Overview: the female physician and her marriage.
AB  - Previous research has addressed the marital problems of male but not female
      physicians. The author reviews the literature on women in medicine, reports
      findings on 16 female physicians with dysfunctional marriages whom he saw as
      patients, and describes several problem areas: delayed help seeking, self-blaming
      attitude toward subjective symptoms, ambiguity in self-image, "passivity" in
      marital communication, role strain, unmet needs in husbands, bilateral
      competitiveness, and problems with intimacy and sexuality. The author emphasizes
      a biopsychosocial approach to treatment and discusses transference
      countertransference issues.

PMID- 6388362
TI  - Is loxapine more effective than chlorpromazine in paranoid schizophrenia?
AB  - The authors compared loxapine with chlorpromazine in inpatients with paranoid
      schizophrenia and found no difference in clinical efficacy. Thus a previous
      finding, based on retrospective analyses, that loxapine was superior to other
      neuroleptics in the treatment of paranoid schizophrenia was not verified in this
      prospective study.

PMID- 6388363
TI  - Response of borderline and schizotypal patients to small doses of thiothixene and
      haloperidol.
AB  - The improvement in the clinical methods of identifying borderline subjects makes
      it necessary to reevaluate the efficacy of the treatment offered them. A random
      sample of 52 borderline and schizotypal patients was treated with two major
      neuroleptics, thiothixene and haloperidol, in a double-blind study. Eighty-four
      percent were markedly to moderately improved at 3-month follow-up; the patients
      responded better to thiothixene than to haloperidol. The main areas of positive
      response were those of cognitive disturbance, derealization, ideas of reference,
      anxiety, and depression. The patients also showed improvement in self-image and
      social functioning. There was no significant relationship between diagnosis and
      outcome of treatment.

PMID- 6388365
TI  - Thermotolerant non-fecal source Klebsiella pneumoniae: validity of the fecal
      coliform test in recreational waters.
AB  - Wisconsin pulp and paper mill processing plants were evaluated for fecal coliform
      and total Klebsiella (i.e., thermotolerant and thermointolerant) bacterial
      concentrations. Using the standard fecal coliform test, up to 90 per cent of non
      fecal source thermotolerant K. pneumoniae was falsely identified as fecal source
      bacteria. Since there is a lack of specificity in the currently used standard for
      fecal coliform evaluation, a more reliable health risk assessment for fecal
      coliform bacteria is recommended.

PMID- 6388364
TI  - Hospital use by the elderly in Poland and the United States.
AB  - Hospital use by elderly patients in Poland and the United States was compared
      using data from the 1980 General Hospital Morbidity Study (Poland) and the
      National Hospital Discharge Survey (US). Discharge and days-of-care rates were
      higher in the US but average lengths of stay were longer in Poland. All three
      measures increased with advancing age in the US but remained relatively constant
      or decreased with age in Poland. Although the most frequent causes of
      hospitalization were similar in the two countries, the characteristic use
      patterns across age were evident for most frequently occurring disease
      conditions. The greater use of hospitals in the US is not associated with marked
      differences between the two countries in health status of the elderly.

PMID- 6388366
TI  - Chlamydial endometritis. A histological and immunohistochemical analysis.
AB  - A series of 90 endometrial biopsies and curettings originally diagnosed as
      chronic endometritis were reviewed and histological findings of plasma cells,
      lymphoid infiltrate, stromal necrosis, acute inflammation, lymphoid follicles,
      and epithelial atypia were correlated with the demonstration of chlamydial
      antigens by the immunoperoxidase technique. Chlamydial antigens were localized
      within endometrial epithelial cells in four cases. Although these four cases
      represented only 4% of the total number, chlamydial immunoperoxidase positivity
      was best discriminated by the severity of the inflammation and the presence of an
      acute inflammatory infiltrate. Among cases of severe endometritis 22% were
      chlamydia-positive, and in those cases with an associated acute inflammatory
      infiltrate, 57% were positive. A high index of suspicion of chlamydial infection
      should exist when severe endometritis is diagnosed in patients with clinical
      histories of post-abortal state, pelvic inflammatory disease, secondary
      infertility or menometrorrhagia, and chronic pelvic pain.

PMID- 6388367
TI  - Carl Walter Appreciation Day: April 28, 1984.

PMID- 6388368
TI  - Carl W. Walter, MD: surgeon, inventor, and industrialist.

PMID- 6388369
TI  - Problems and resolutions in the development of the flexible plastic blood
      container (Carl W. Walter).

PMID- 6388370
TI  - Reflections on blood transfusion (Carl W. Walter).

PMID- 6388371
TI  - Carl Walter's half century of achievement in asepsis.

PMID- 6388372
TI  - Creative crusader against sepsis (Carl W. Walter).

PMID- 6388373
TI  - The ultraviolet environment in a nutshell (Carl W. Walter).

PMID- 6388374
TI  - Some of Carl Walter's contributions to Harvard Medical School and Hospitals.

PMID- 6388375
TI  - Observations of a colleague (Carl W. Walter).

PMID- 6388376
TI  - Carl Walter and the evolution of the Surgical Research Laboratory: 1937 through
      1949.

PMID- 6388377
TI  - Carl Walter: a pioneer in shaping the medical device industry.

PMID- 6388379
TI  - Traumatic amputation of the external ear: the War of Jenkins' Ear and George
      Washington.
AB  - Given the right circumstances, a traumatically severed ear can now successfully
      be reimplanted. The career of George Washington was influenced by the involvement
      of his half brother Lawrence Washington in a war (1739 to 1742) fought between
      England and Spain on account of a severed ear. It was called The War of Jenkins'
      Ear.

PMID- 6388378
TI  - Development of new artificial kidney systems (Carl W. Walter).

PMID- 6388380
TI  - Accuracy of the hepatobiliary scan in acute cholecystitis.
AB  - The accuracy of the hepatobiliary scan in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis
      was determined at a major United States Army Medical Center. Forty-two patients
      with complete medical records were selected for the study. There was 18 positive
      findings and 24 negative findings. The accuracy rate for the positive findings
      for acute cholecystitis was 97 percent, whereas the accuracy rate for the
      negative findings was 100 percent. The accuracy of the hepatobiliary scan was
      found to be similar to that reported in the literature.

PMID- 6388381
TI  - Primary open wound management after emergency laparotomies for conditions
      associated with bacterial contamination. Reappraisal of a historical tradition.
AB  - In emergency abdominal surgery associated with bacterial contamination, primary
      skin suture resulted in a 39 percent wound sepsis rate. After subcutaneous
      approximation and open skin treatment in 85 patients, healing occurred without
      complication. After completely open wound management in five obese patients,
      wound healing occurred without wound sepsis, but did result in scars
      necessitating correction. No difference could be found with regard to body
      temperature, wound healing time, and hospital stay in patients who had primary
      skin closure followed by primary healing and those who had open wound treatment.
      The patients' evaluations of the cosmetic result of open wound management using
      subcutaneous sutures were favorable. The study herein constitutes the rationale
      for our decision to institute open wound treatment routinely in pertinent cases.

PMID- 6388382
TI  - Treatment of primary breast cancer with immunotherapy. Comparison with adjuvant
      chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
AB  - For the first time, data on 78 breast cancer patients treated by modified radical
      mastectomy and adjuvant immunotherapy have been reported. Thirty-nine lymph node
      negative patients with uninvolved lymph nodes had a projected 5 year survival
      rate of 94 percent and 39 patients with involved nodes had a projected 5 year
      survival rate of 77 percent and a disease-free survival rate of 70 percent.
      Results have been presented according to UICC staging. The 100 percent survival
      rate of stage I patients has been compared with rates obtained by treatment of
      breast cancer with radiation therapy as the principal modality. The preliminary
      data are promising enough to warrant randomized, prospective trials with the
      other adjuvant modalities.

PMID- 6388383
TI  - Right hepatic lobectomy.
AB  - Hepatic lobectomy has evolved to the point of being a precise anatomic surgical
      resection. The sequence of incision, mobilization, hepatoduodenal dissection, and
      management of the hepatic veins and parenchyma have been individually described
      herein. The historical background and indications for the procedure have been
      outlined, and the perioperative management of the patient considered.

PMID- 6388384
TI  - What's past is prologue: delayed primary closure.

PMID- 6388385
TI  - Pituitary surgery: current status, including transsphenoidal surgery.
AB  - Advances in CT scanning and digital subtraction angiography have improved the
      accuracy of preoperative diagnosis of pituitary disease. Modern radioimmunoassay
      techniques are able to evaluate "subdivisions" and "relatives" of the classic
      pituitary hormones, including monomeric and oligomeric growth hormones,
      somatomedin C, beta-lipotropin, and beta-endorphin, as well as the alpha subunit
      of follicle-stimulating hormone. Pituitary pathologic states can now be
      identified immunologically in patients in whom results of radiologic studies are
      normal. Bromocriptine, a centrally active dopamine antagonist and ergot
      derivative, is effective in the treatment of prolactinomas, but it is not
      effective in the treatment of acromegaly. Transsphenoidal surgery remains the
      treatment of choice in adults with pituitary-dependent Cushing's disease. The
      surgical advantages of the sublabial, transseptal, transsphenoidal approach
      include wide-field pituitary accessibility via a midline exposure.

PMID- 6388386
TI  - Contemporary surgical management of laryngeal stenosis in children.
AB  - Both congenital and acquired subglottic stenoses are common problems in pediatric
      otolaryngology, but their treatment remains controversial. While conservative
      therapy, consisting of dilation and observation, may be appropriate for
      congenital stenoses, open surgical procedures are generally needed to correct
      acquired stenoses. Two major reconstructive methods, costal cartilage grafting
      and laryngotracheoplasty, are currently in use. The anterior cricoid split is a
      specialized procedure used for extubation in the neonate. Aggressive surgical
      intervention has produced consistently good results and early decannulation.
      Laryngeal growth has not been affected adversely by these external operations.

PMID- 6388387
TI  - General Clinical Research Center.

PMID- 6388388
TI  - General Clinical Research Center. Twentieth anniversary celebration.

PMID- 6388389
TI  - Betty LeRoy Davis Outpatient Clinic dedication.

PMID- 6388390
TI  - Remarks at the 20th anniversary celebration of the General Clinical Research
      Center.

PMID- 6388391
TI  - Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus is not related to morphea. A clinical and
      histologic study of 24 patients in whom both conditions were reputed to be
      present simultaneously.

PMID- 6388392
TI  - The discovery of Mycobacterium leprae. A medical achievement in the light of
      evolving scientific methods.
AB  - The discovery of M. leprae by G. H. Armauer Hansen (1841-1912) in 1873 represents
      a link in a chain of development in international medicine that was influenced by
      two main concepts, namely, that germs may be causes of disease and that social
      conditions may be related to disease, either as causes or consequences or both.
      Hansen's work is also a link in a chain of research on leprosy in Norway. Hansen
      met with serious challenges in addition to those that were purely scientific. To
      prove the causative effect of the microorganism according to principles that
      later came to be known as Koch's postulates, Hansen felt compelled to conduct
      experiments that were deemed illegal by the authorities. At the same time, he was
      fighting to establish priority for his discovery. Later, Hansen was honored as
      the discoverer of the bacillus of leprosy and was privileged to see benefits in
      the public health as a consequence of the discovery. Hansen's epoch-making
      achievements may serve as an inspiration to all who aspire to combat disease by
      seeking answers to questions about causes of disease, modes of prevention, and
      social consequences of disease.

PMID- 6388393
TI  - Sulzberger! Biography, autobiography, iconography. A posthumous festschrift.

PMID- 6388394
TI  - A painting of lepers by Hans Holbein the Elder.

PMID- 6388395
TI  - Three histologic fixatives for the demonstration of Mycobacterium leprae.

PMID- 6388396
TI  - The dynamics of desquamation. Lessons to be learned from the ichthyoses.

PMID- 6388397
TI  - On the concept of distinctive exudative discoid and lichenoid chronic dermatosis
      (Sulzberger-Garbe). Is it nummular dermatitis?

PMID- 6388398
TI  - Mycobacterium leprae within a squamous cell carcinoma.

PMID- 6388399
TI  - Jews in dermatology.

PMID- 6388400
TI  - Clinical trial of hyposensitisation in hay fever: two methods of relating symptom
      scores to daily pollen counts.
AB  - Two methods of relating daily pollen counts to patients' symptom scores in
      clinical trials of hyposensitisation in hay fever are described. The problems
      involved in comparing results from different centres and years of a trial are
      discussed with particular reference to symptoms which are not pollen related. The
      Normalised Regression method is a powerful technique, but often the Pollen
      Interval method is preferable on the grounds of simplicity of communication and
      calculation.

PMID- 6388401
TI  - Hyposensitization with a tyrosine adsorbed extract of Dermatophagoides
      pteronyssinus in adults with perennial rhinitis. A controlled clinical trial.
AB  - Hyposensitization with a tyrosine adsorbed extract of Dermatophagoides
      pteronyssinus was effective in relieving symptoms in selected patients with
      perennial rhinitis due to this allergen who had responded poorly to topical
      application of steroids. There was a significant reduction in the nasal response
      to allergen after six weekly injections only in the actively treated group, but
      symptomatic improvement greater than that produced by placebo therapy was only
      evident after a further 10 months of monthly injections. Significantly more
      placebo-treated patients considered that therapy was ineffective and withdrew
      from the study. Only one patient developed significant unwanted effects from the
      injection therapy and had to be withdrawn from the study. We conclude that
      hyposensitization with a tyrosine adsorbed extract of Dermatophagoides
      pteronyssinus can be a safe and effective treatment for adults with perennial
      rhinitis due to this allergen who have responded poorly to nasal corticosteroids,
      and that those patients who eventually respond clinically are likely to have a
      diminished nasal response to allergen after the first 6 weeks of therapy.

PMID- 6388403
TI  - [Obituary of the Most Excellent Dr. Luis Calatrava Paramo. March 6, 1984].

PMID- 6388402
TI  - EGG hypersensitivity as measured by RAST and a reverse enzyme-immunoassay.
AB  - The application of a reverse enzyme-immunoassay (REIA) to measure specific anti
      egg IgE is described. The results obtained with the REIA and the RAST are shown.
      The REIA is economical, easy and fast to perform when the conjugate has been
      made, non-radioactive and offers a new alternative for the in vitro evaluation of
      egg white-specific IgE.

PMID- 6388404
TI  - [Memorial session for the Most Excellent Dr. Manuel Gomez Duran. April 3, 1984].

PMID- 6388405
TI  - [A new weaning procedure (inspiratory flow assistance)].
AB  - Inspiratory Flow Assistance (IFA) refers to new breathing mode, able to diminish
      the work of breathing of a patient during spontaneous breathing with a
      respirator. By combination of IFA with CPAP or IMV it is especially useful during
      weaning from the respirator. The part of work of breathing done by the
      respirator. The part of work of breathing done by the respirator is only
      indirectly determinable. The measurements done on 10 long term ventilated
      patients during the weaning period show that only an IFA up to an airway pressure
      of 10 cm H2O above CPAP guarantees mainly spontaneous breathing, while an IFA up
      to higher airway pressures is more and more similar to an assisted ventilation.

PMID- 6388406
TI  - Spectrophotometric determination of dolichol and dolichyl derivatives using the
      Chugaev color reaction.
AB  - A simple colorimetric method for the assay of microamounts of dolichol is
      described. It is based essentially on the Chugaev color reaction. The procedure
      allows the rapid (1 h after purification of the sample, less than half a day for
      the whole procedure) and reliable (% SE less than or equal to 5%) determination
      of dolichol and dolichyl derivatives in the microgram range. Color production is
      linear within the concentration range 2 to 20 micrograms dolichol. With
      biological samples, prior to colorimetric assay, dolichol and dolichyl
      derivatives are isolated by solvent extraction and TLC. Recoveries are monitored
      by isotope dilution analysis. The method has been used for the analysis of
      dolichol and dolichyl ester levels in bovine thyroid tissue. The procedure can
      also be applied for the analysis of other isoprenoids.

PMID- 6388407
TI  - A diffusion assay for detection and quantitation of methyl-esterified proteins on
      polyacrylamide gels.
AB  - The methyl esterification of bacterial and mammalian proteins is a subject of
      increasing interest and effort. Such studies in intact cells typically involve
      the use of [methyl-3H]methionine which is taken up and incorporated into S
      adenosyl-L-methionine, the methyl donor. The level of methylation, however, is
      much less than the incorporation of labeled methionine directly into protein. A
      diffusion assay which distinguishes [3H]methionine from the base-labile
      [3H]methyl esters is described here. The ester linkage is hydrolyzed at high pH
      to release [3H]methanol from the sample which diffuses into an adjacent pool of
      scintillation fluid. The assay is contained in a scintillation vial which can be
      counted directly.

PMID- 6388408
TI  - A method for the spectrophotometric assay of anaerobic enzymes.
AB  - A convenient and inexpensive system for conducting large numbers of
      spectrophotometric assays at wavelengths between 300 and 750 nm under strictly
      anaerobic conditions has been developed. Round test tubes or round cuvettes
      stoppered with either thick black rubber stoppers or thinner red rubber stoppers
      are used to replace rectangular cuvettes. The round tubes are held in place in
      the spectrophotometer by a simple metal holder. Additions to the tubes are made
      by syringe using a specially constructed needle guide to prevent needle bending.

PMID- 6388409
TI  - Replacement synthesis labeling of DNA molecules in vitro using the Escherichia
      coli exonuclease III/DNA polymerase I enzyme pair.
AB  - In vitro labeling of DNA molecules using the Escherichia coli exonuclease III/DNA
      polymerase I enzyme pair has been examined as an alternative to existing methods
      of replacement synthesis labeling. It is shown that exonuclease III is able to
      act in a common restriction enzyme buffer [50 mM Tris (pH 8.0), 10 mM MgCl2, 50
      mM NaCl] to produce a population of base-paired primer:template molecules which
      decrease uniformly in single-strand length with time. After heat inactivation of
      the exonuclease III and in the presence of radiolabeled deoxynucleotides the
      polymerase I reaction faithfully resynthesizes full-length molecules,
      asymmetrically labeled to high specific activity.

PMID- 6388410
TI  - A highly sensitive fluorometric assay for "enkephalinase," a neutral
      metalloendopeptidase that releases tyrosine-glycine-glycine from enkephalins.
AB  - A fluorogenic peptide, dansyl-D-Ala-Gly-Phe(pNO2)-Gly (DAGNPG), was synthesized
      as a selective substrate for the neutral metalloendopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.11)
      involved in enkephalin metabolism. This enzyme, designated "enkephalinase,"
      cleaves the Gly-Phe(pNO2) peptide bond of DAGNPG (V = 0.65 mumol/mg protein/min
      and Km = 45 microM) leading to a fluorescence increase related to the
      disappearance of intramolecular quenching of the dansyl fluorescence by the
      nitrophenyl residue. This change was used for quantitative measurements of
      "enkephalinase" activity in different tissues and determination of inhibitory
      potency of various compounds. The substrate is not cleaved by aminopeptidase or
      dipeptidylaminopeptidase activities and the assay itself is rapid, convenient,
      and sensitive.

PMID- 6388411
TI  - The purification of yeast glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase by dye-ligand
      chromatography.
AB  - Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.39) has been purified to homogeneity
      from baker's yeast by a simple procedure involving affinity elution from a column
      of red triazine dye, H-8BN, immobilized to Sepharose 6B. Eight milligrams of
      homogeneous protein is obtained in 53% yield from 200 g of dried yeast. This
      represents the first published purification of the enzyme from Saccharomyces
      Cerevisiae.

PMID- 6388412
TI  - An improved bulk purification method for Escherichia coli elongation factor, Ts.
AB  - A bulk purification procedure has been designed to maximize the yield of
      Escherichia coli elongation factor, Ts, with a minimum of effort and time. The
      enzyme purification is achieved by DEAE-Sepharose and elongation factor Tu
      affinity chromatographies. The typical yield is 150 mg/kg of E. coli (B) cells.

PMID- 6388413
TI  - Affinity purification of aminoacyl-tRNA.
AB  - A procedure for separating Escherichia coli aminoacyl-tRNA from unacylated tRNA
      or components of the aminoacylation reaction, thereby achieving an aminoacyl-tRNA
      product with a very high specific activity, is described. The method utilizes the
      specific recognition of aminoacyl-tRNA for E. coli protein synthesis elongation
      factor Tu which has been immobilized on an affinity matrix. The application of
      the affinity procedure as a means of purifying a single aminoacyl-tRNA from an
      unfractionated mixture of tRNAs is also discussed.

PMID- 6388414
TI  - Peptide mapping of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A by reverse-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography. I. Application to the reduced and S
      carboxymethylated protein.
AB  - Complete peptide maps of reduced and S-carboxymethylated ribonuclease A were
      obtained by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with the
      following peptide-chain cleavage techniques: cyanogen bromide cleavage, limited
      and extensive Staphylococcus aureus protease digestion, tryptic digestion, and
      tryptic followed by chymotryptic digestion. Commercial samples of S. aureus
      protease exhibited a broader specificity than had previously been reported, as
      demonstrated by its ability to cleave after glutamine residues. Cleavage after
      asparagine and serine residues was also strongly implicated. The procedures
      developed require roughly 0.1 to 1 mg of ribonuclease A for the peptide mapping
      of this protein. These procedures will be useful for the identification of the
      sites of a chemical modification and also for the isolation of a variety of
      peptides for further studies.

PMID- 6388416
TI  - Differential ventilation and selective positive end-expiratory pressure: effects
      on patients with acute bilateral lung disease.
AB  - Eleven patients with acute respiratory failure due to diffuse, bilateral lung
      disease were treated according to a new ventilation concept. The patients were
      intubated with a double-lumen catheter and positioned in the lateral decubital
      posture. With two synchronized ventilators, each lung received half of the tidal
      volume (VT), in accordance with its presumed perfusion (differential ventilation-
      DV), and the end-expiratory pressure was increased locally in the dependent lung
      (selective PEEP). DV with and without selective PEEP was compared with
      conventional ventilation with free distribution of VT, with and without PEEP
      applied to both lungs. The major findings were that DV with a selective PEEP of
      12 cmH2O to the dependent lung decreased venous admixture by 38% (P less than
      0.01) in comparison with conventional ventilation with no PEEP. Furthermore, it
      was found that selective PEEP, in contrast to general PEEP, had no deleterious
      effect on cardiac output. Consequently, DV with selective PEEP increased arterial
      oxygen tension by 23% (P less than 0.05) compared with general PEEP and by 46% (P
      less than 0.001) in comparison with conventional ventilation with no PEEP.

PMID- 6388415
TI  - Tricyclic antidepressants in treatment of depression and chronic pain: analysis
      of the supporting evidence.

PMID- 6388417
TI  - The first administration of anesthesia in military surgery: on occasion of the
      Mexican-American War.
AB  - Previous publications have reported the initial wartime use of anesthesia for
      surgery as occurring in either the Crimean or German-Danish conflicts after 1848.
      The authors have determined that this first-time use took place in the spring of
      1847 during the Mexican-American War and under the direction of American military
      surgeon Edward H. Barton. His experiences with either, and those of fellow
      surgeon John B. Porter, are described.

PMID- 6388418
TI  - [Use of immobilized proteolytic enzymes in the treatment of postoperative
      pulmonary complications].

PMID- 6388419
TI  - [Various molecular and cellular factors in the regulating system of blood
      coagulation].

PMID- 6388420
TI  - [On the 80th birthday of Georg Wildfuhr].

PMID- 6388421
TI  - Injection-site abscess caused by group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus. An unusual
      complication of tonsillectomy and intramuscular injection.
AB  - The epidemiologic investigation of any IM injection site infection can be quite
      complex. In this particular case, one potential source of the organism was
      established (the patient herself), another source was shown to be less likely
      (the nurses administering the medications), and a third possible source (the
      single-dose unit medications) could not be eliminated.

PMID- 6388422
TI  - Value of Doppler multi-level segmental pressure index in the diagnosis and
      hemodynamic characterization of totally occlusive aorto-iliac-femoro-popliteal
      lesions.
AB  - Four-level lower limb Doppler S.P.I. (upper thigh; above knee; below knee; above
      ankle) were evaluated in 275 limbs, 110 of which showed totally occlusive lesions
      at one or more levels of the aorto-iliac-femoro-popliteal axis on angiographic
      examination, 65 showed stenosis less than 50% (sclerotic controls) and 100 did
      not undergo arteriographic examination since they apparently had no lesions
      (healthy controls). Analysis of the results-carried out using the Student's t
      statistical method-showed a drop in the S.P.I. close to or over 0.30 between two
      adjacent levels and was indicative of the presence of an occlusion in the
      intermediate area. This method therefore allowed the presence and the position of
      an isolated lesion to be detected. In the case of multiple lesions in series, the
      proximal one is detected with certainty, whereas the more distal ones can be
      recognized but not their exact position and extension. Multiple lesions in series
      are more hemodynamically significant than isolated ones, and proximal lesions
      more than distal ones.

PMID- 6388423
TI  - Hand exercise effect in maturation and blood flow of dialysis arteriovenous
      fistulas ultrasound study.
AB  - With the help of the Doppler Ultrasound we have measured the radial artery blood
      flow of 20 healthy volunteers and the fistula flow of 40 uraemic patients. The
      measurements were made at rest and repeated one, three and five minutes after
      initiation of hand exercise, and one minute after the exercise had finished.
      Radial artery mean flow increased significantly with the exercise (p less than
      0.001); radial arteries with greater baseline flow had less flow increase (p less
      than 0.002). However, we were not able to demonstrate any fistula flow increase
      with the hand exercise. Therefore, we conclude that there is no benefit in
      advising uraemic patients to squeeze a rubber ball which, otherwise, supposes an
      unnecessary preoccupation for these patients.

PMID- 6388424
TI  - The effectiveness of isoxsuprine in patients with intermittent claudication.
AB  - Sixty male patients with intermittent claudication were investigated in a
      randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in order to determine the
      effectiveness of Isoxsuprine. The analysis of the results was made on the basis
      of subjective assessment of symptoms by the patients themselves and also on the
      results of segmental blood-pressure measurements and ankle/arm indices at rest
      and after standardised exercise. Significant differences were demonstrated
      between the active and placebo groups as regards pain-free walking distance
      although arterial pressure measurements did not show statistically significant
      differences between the two groups. Isoxsuprine appears to be significantly
      beneficial only for patients with obstructions at the femoro-popliteal level.

PMID- 6388425
TI  - Naftidrofuryl in chronic arterial disease. Results of a controlled multicenter
      study.
AB  - In a double blind, randomized multicenter study naftidrofuryl, a vasoactive
      substance, was compared with placebo in the treatment of 104 patients with
      chronic arterial occlusive disease. After a run-in period of four weeks the
      patients received either naftidrofuryl (600 mg daily) or placebo over 12 weeks.
      The pain-free and the total walking distances improved significantly in both
      groups. However, the difference in the improvement of the pain-free walking
      distance was significant (p less than 0.02) in favour of naftidrofuryl. There
      also was a difference in the improvement of the total walking distance in favour
      of naftidrofuryl which was not significant. The results indicate that
      naftidrofuryl has a beneficial effect on the symptoms and lengthens the painfree
      walking distance in patients with arterial occlusive disease.

PMID- 6388426
TI  - Elastic modulus in young diabetic patients (ultrasound measurements of pulse wave
      velocity).
AB  - Aim of this study is to confirm the validity of non-invasive evaluation with
      Doppler C.W. in the study of arterial diseases and in the identification of pre
      clinical arterial lesions. We studied twenty-eight children suffering from
      diabetes mellitus, and dependent on insulin and a control group composed of
      twenty-eight healthy persons. All subjects were studied using the methodology of
      the transit time for the determination of the elastic modulus of the lower limb
      arterial wall and results were analysed according to a statistical method.
      Although the groups were small, an increase in pulse wave velocity was noted in
      diabetic children and a significative correlation was found between the elastic
      modulus and duration of diabetes.

PMID- 6388427
TI  - Protein polymorphisms and their genetic control in the red-backed vole,
      Clethrionomys rufocanus bedfordiae.
AB  - Twenty enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins in a wild population of red-backed
      voles, Cletrionomys rufocanus bedfordiae, were investigated by electrophoresis.
      Seven enzymatic and non-enzymatic protein systems were found to be polymorphic.
      Breeding data indicated that the mode of inheritance of the enzyme systems ME-1,
      ME-2, GPD and EST were consistent with a Mendelian law. Two systems, 6 PGD and
      SOD, were estimated to be genetically controlled from the electrophoretic
      patterns and mother-offspring comparison of phenotypes. In the Tf system two new
      additional phenotypes were observed, but their inheritance could not be
      elucidated. Gene frequencies at seven loci were also investigated in 88 animals.
      There was no significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

PMID- 6388428
TI  - [Serodiagnosis of rubella: comparison of ELISA and hemagglutination inhibition].
AB  - Serodiagnosis in current practice by the method ELISA. Utilization of commercial
      kits. I. - Rubella. Comparative study with hemagglutination inhibition test. A
      comparative study of the hemagglutination inhibition test and the method ELISA
      for the serodiagnosis of rubella in current practice has been achieved on 1 000
      sera using commercial products in kits. The conditions of utilization, the
      principal factors of the reaction and the expression of results in ELISA titres
      are defined. The results show a higher sensibility and a higher precision for
      ELISA and an uncertain interpretation concerning the low titres for IHA. The use
      of ELISA for the serodiagnosis of rubella in routine with the kit Rubelisa does
      not present any particular difficulty and raises the quality of the results.

PMID- 6388429
TI  - [Evaluation of a new latex agglutination inhibition test, Agglutex, for the
      demonstration of opiates in urine].
AB  - We have evaluated a new rapid test based on a latex agglutination inhibition
      reaction. The method is easy to use and allows to analyse approximately hundred
      specimens per hour, without sophisticated instrumentation. The result (positive
      or negative) is available after a 2 hour incubation period. The detection limit
      is 1 mumol/l (300 micrograms/l).

PMID- 6388430
TI  - [Intraoperative myocardial ischemia. Physiopathology and prevention].

PMID- 6388431
TI  - [Postoperative pernicious malarial attack in a subject, a native of an endemic
      zone].
AB  - The case of an Angolan woman who underwent, in her country, an hysterectomy
      requiring the transfusion of two whole blood units is reported. In the immediate
      postoperative period, acute renal failure with anuria set in, justifying the
      patient's transfer to an intensive care unit in France. Upon admission, she had a
      thick blood film and serology work-up for Plasmodium falciparum, both of which
      were negative. On the 20th day, the patient presented a pernicious malarial
      crisis with a concurrent rise in IgG and IgM titres, indicating recent
      contamination. The mode of infection is discussed: contaminating anopheline bites
      associated with the interruption of chemoprophylaxis rigorously followed up till
      then; post transfusion malaria, almost unavoidable in an endemic country;
      accidental inoculation by Plasmodium falciparum of the dialysis equipment.
      Finally, the possibility of pernicious malaria aggravating the initial acute
      renal failure and hypocalcaemia is also discussed.

PMID- 6388432
TI  - [Pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema after translaryngeal jet
      ventilation].
AB  - The use of emergency transtracheal jet ventilation in a 62 year-old female with
      laryngeal papillomatosis and respiratory distress is reported. Adequate
      ventilation of the lungs with an intermittent jet of oxygen under high pressure
      (5 bar) allowed anaesthesia and surgery to be carried out. Pathogenesis of the
      mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema discovered at the end of the procedure is
      discussed.

PMID- 6388433
TI  - Effect of a range of social stress severity on Escherichia coli challenge
      infection.
AB  - Chickens were exposed to various degrees of social stress 1 day before being
      exposed to Escherichia coli air-sac challenge exposure. Increasing levels of
      social stress resulted in increased heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratios.
      Resistance to E coli air-sac challenge infection increased in correspondence with
      H/L ratios. However, as H/L ratios increased above the 0.72 value, there was a
      corresponding decrease in resistance to E coli challenge infection. Changes in
      H/L ratios, in response to social environment, differed with genetic stocks.
      Social stress was greatest when chickens housed singly for 3 weeks were placed
      among 5 unfamiliar chickens.

PMID- 6388434
TI  - Prevalence of antibodies to porcine adenovirus in swine by indirect fluorescent
      antibody test.
AB  - An indirect fluorescent antibody test was developed for routine identification of
      a porcine adenovirus and its specific antibody. Two specific-pathogen-free young
      pigs were inoculated with the viral antigen prepared in continuous porcine kidney
      cell cultures, and their sera were used as an antibody reagent to standardize the
      test. Sera of adult pigs with respiratory problems, obtained from pig farms in
      Quebec, were tested for antibodies to this virus; 83 of 540 sera tested (15.2%)
      were found to be positive.

PMID- 6388435
TI  - Antigen beads: a novel approach for the delivery of a soluble Anaplasma
      immunogen.
AB  - An important consideration in the development of effective immunization regimens
      against bovine anaplasmosis is the optimization of vaccine delivery systems. This
      report describes the formulation of proteinaceous antigen-containing spheres
      derived from supernatant fluids of Analplasma marginale cultures. The antigen
      beads were designed for use as potential dispersal agents for a soluble Anaplasma
      immunogen. Immunospecificity assays demonstrated that A marginale antigen was
      located on the surfaces of individual antigen beads. Use of Anaplasma antigen
      beads with a potent adjuvant, such as saponin, was proposed.

PMID- 6388436
TI  - Distribution of immunoglobulin-bearing cells in the gut-associated lymphoid
      tissues of the turkey: effect of antibiotics.
AB  - Distribution of immunoglobulin (Ig)-bearing cells in the gut-associated lymphoid
      tissues of antibiotic treated and untreated control turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo)
      was compared. Antibiotic treatment was similar to a regimen used in commercial
      turkey production, which included preincubation dipping of fertile eggs in
      gentamicin solution, injection of turkeys with gentamicin at hatching, and
      inclusion of chlortetracycline in the diet. Tissues were examined from turkeys at
      3, 7, 14, and 21 days of age with a direct immunofluorescence procedure. Cell
      distribution in control turkeys was as follows: In the bursa of Fabricius, IgA
      carrying cells predominated at 3 days of age, but at later intervals, the 3
      classes of Ig-bearing cells were in equal numbers. In the cecal tonsils, IgM- and
      IgA-bearing cells were in larger numbers at 3 days of age, whereas, the IgG
      bearing cells were sparsely distributed. By 7 days of age, IgM cells became more
      numerous in the cecal tonsils and remained numerous until 21 days of age. At 3
      days of age, IgA cells predominated in the small intestines and IgM cells
      predominated in the large intestine. At 7 and 14 days of age, IgM cells were more
      numerous in the small and large intestines, but by 21 days of age, IgA cell
      population equaled that of IgM. The IgG cells were generally sparse in the
      intestines. Antibiotic treatment often resulted in lower numbers of Ig-positive
      cells, especially those bearing IgM and IgA. Normal development of the bursa of
      Fabricius was also retarded in this group.

PMID- 6388437
TI  - Distribution of immunoglobulin-bearing cells in the gut-associated lymphoid
      tissues of the turkey: effect of oral treatment with intestinal microflora.
AB  - One-day-old turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) were orally inoculated with the
      intestinal contents of an adult turkey, and the intestinal tissues were studied
      by immunofluorescence for immunoglobulin (Ig)-bearing cells at 3, 7, 14, and 21
      days of age. Microflora inoculation increased numbers of Ig-bearing cells in the
      gut-associated lymphoid tissues; the most uniform effects were observed at 3 days
      of age. As the birds grew older, this uniformity in response to the microflora
      inoculation was not evident in all the tissues. In the bursa of Fabricius and the
      large intestine of the inoculated birds, IgM-bearing cells were more numerous
      throughout the study period. Compared with noninoculated control turkeys, IgA
      bearing cells in the cecal tonsils, and IgG- and IgA-bearing cells in the small
      intestine were increased at all age intervals.

PMID- 6388438
TI  - Extracellular virulence factors of fish Vibrio: relationships between toxic
      material, hemolysin, and proteolytic enzyme.
AB  - Biological activities of cell-free culture filtrate of 3 virulent strains of fish
      Vibrio were examined to determine the relationship to the pathogenesis of fish
      vibriosis. Among the 3 strains examined, V anguillarum strains NCMB6 and NCMB571
      produced hemolysin and protease, whereas V ordalii strain N7802 did not. Culture
      filtrate of strain NCMB571 were lethal to rainbow trout and produced a cytotoxic
      effect on fish cell line. Results revealed that the extracellular products may be
      involved in the pathogenesis of fish vibriosis.

PMID- 6388439
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of toxoplasmosis in swine:
      interpreting assay results and comparing with other serologic tests.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the serodiagnosis
      of swine toxoplasmosis. The results of the ELISA were interpreted as percentage
      (% ELISA) and ELISA titer and were compared with results of the dye test,
      indirect fluorescent antibody test, and indirect hemagglutination test. The
      results obtained from both the % ELISA and ELISA titer directly correlated with
      the dye test results. The ELISA is a rapid, sensitive, and readily performed
      serologic test that should be ideal for examining (screening) swine for
      toxoplasmosis.

PMID- 6388440
TI  - Endocrine pathogenesis of postweaning anestrus in swine: response of the
      persistently anestrous sow to hormonal stimuli.
AB  - The endocrine function of the individual components of the hypothalamo
      hypophyseal-ovarian axis of the postweaning anestrous sow was evaluated by
      monitoring the sow's response to exogenous estradiol, gonadotropin releasing
      hormone (GnRH), and gonadotropins. Sows (4 to 6/group) not returning to estrus by
      42.8 +/- 3.1 days after weaning were assigned to 1 of the following treatments:
      10 micrograms of estradiol benzoate (EB)/kg of body weight; 200 micrograms of
      GnRH, 1,000 IU of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG); 1,000 IU of human
      chorionic gonadotropin (HCG); or 4 ml of saline solution plus 2 ml of corn oil. A
      preovulatory-like surge of luteinizing hormone [(LH) greater than 12 hours in
      duration] was observed in all weaned sows treated with EB. All EB-treated sows
      exhibited estrus and ovulated but none conceived. Sows given GnRH had transiently
      increased (less than 3 hours) LH concentrations that were not associated with
      estrus or ovulation. Treatment with PMSG caused an increase in peripheral
      concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol that was followed by an LH surge, estrus,
      ovulation, and conception. Treatment with HCG caused an increase in circulating
      concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol that was accompanied by a surge of LH in some
      sows and ovulation in all sows. Not all sows treated with HCG exhibited estrous
      behavior, but conception occurred in 2 of 3 sows that were mated at estrus. None
      of the sows treated with saline plus corn oil had consistent changes in
      circulatory concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol or LH and none exhibited estrus
      or ovulated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6388441
TI  - Virulence factors of Escherichia coli isolated from cows with acute mastitis.
AB  - A total of 184 Escherichia coli isolates recovered from cows with acute mastitis
      were examined for recognized pathogenic mechanisms and virulence factors commonly
      found in pathogenic groups of E coli. A modification of the Eng procedure (for
      detecting complement deficiencies in serum) was used to test for resistance to
      different animal sera. The Sereny test (for invasiveness), infant mouse test (for
      heat-stable enterotoxin), and Y-1 adrenal tumor cell assay (for heat-labile
      enterotoxin) were used. Hemagglutination tests, using rabbit, sheep, and guinea
      pig RBC, were done with and without added mannose. All of the 184 isolates were
      serum resistant in all tested sera. None of the isolates was invasive. Only 1
      isolate was positive for heat-stable enterotoxin and 2 cultures were positive for
      heat-labile enterotoxin. Multiple patterns of hemagglutination were observed. The
      majority of the isolates exhibited both mannose-sensitive and mannose-resistant
      hemagglutinins with guinea pig and rabbit RBC. A few strains were positive only
      in mannose-sensitive or mannose-resistant hemagglutination tests. A few strains
      were negative in all hemagglutination tests. Based on our results, E. coli from
      cows with acute mastitis lack the virulence factors commonly observed in other E
      coli groups associated with disease. Serum resistance was the only characteristic
      that could be related to virulence.

PMID- 6388442
TI  - Vaccination of calves against Salmonella dublin with aromatic-dependent
      Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - Ten Holstein calves were divided into 2 groups. Five calves served as
      nonvaccinated controls, and 5 calves were vaccinated IM at 2 and 3 weeks of age
      with 10(9) aromatic-dependent (aro-) Salmonella typhimurium strain SL1479
      containing O antigens 1, 4, 12. Serious adverse reactions to vaccination were not
      observed in the calves. Mean maximum rectal temperature increase in the
      vaccinated calves was 1.5 C. One calf had diarrhea and depressed appetite for 1
      day after vaccination. At 5 weeks of age, all calves were challenge exposed
      orally with 1.5 X 10(11) virulent S dublin strain SL1367 (O antigens 9,12). After
      challenge-exposure inoculum was given, 1 of 5 vaccinated calves died and 4 of the
      5 nonvaccinated calves died (P less than 0.05). Thus, some cross serotype
      protection against S dublin was induced by parenteral vaccination of calves with
      aro- S typhimurium strain SL1479, although protection was not complete.

PMID- 6388443
TI  - Ultrasonographic diagnosis of pregnancy in the dog.

PMID- 6388444
TI  - Right ventricular performance and central circulatory hemodynamics during upright
      exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - A combined hemodynamic and radionuclide approach was used to evaluate right
      ventricular performance during upright exercise in 12 male patients with chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease. To assess the influence of intrathoracic pressure
      on hemodynamic parameters, pleural pressure was measured using an esophageal
      balloon. Mean age was 58.5 +/- 6.7 yr (+/- SD), and all had dyspnea on physical
      exertion. For the group, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was 1.04
      +/- 0.40 L and arterial oxygen-tension (PaO2) was 77 +/- 11 mmHg. During steady
      state, upright exercise on the bicycle ergometer at 58% of maximal oxygen
      consumption (VO2 max): (1) mean pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa) and pulmonary
      vascular resistance index (PVRI) increased significantly; (2) right ventricular
      ejection fraction (RVEF) failed to augment appropriately (less than 5% increase);
      and (3) right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (RVEDVI) increased
      significantly, whereas right ventricular end-systolic volume index (RVESVI) did
      not change. A diminished pulmonary vascular bed, the change in PaO2, and possibly
      increased alveolar pressure appeared to contribute to the increased load placed
      on the right ventricle. Both RVEDVI and RVESVI were significantly correlated with
      Ppa at rest and during exercise. In 2 of the 12 patients, stroke volume index and
      left ventricular end-diastolic volume index showed minimal change with exercise.
      VO2max was correlated with the FEV1 (r = 0.75; p = 0.01) as well as resting (r = 
      0.60; p = 0.02) and exercise (r = -0.61; p = 0.02) PVRI. These results suggest
      that exercise performance may be limited by right ventricular dysfunction in
      addition to respiratory impairment in some patients with chronic airway disease.

PMID- 6388445
TI  - Prostaglandins and thromboxanes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: possible
      immunoregulation in sarcoidosis.
AB  - Prostaglandins are known to be secreted into body fluids. Arachidonic acid
      cyclooxygenase metabolites (AACM), including prostaglandin E (PGE), prostacyclin,
      and thromboxane, were measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in 11
      patients with active pulmonary sarcoidosis and 7 healthy volunteers. Using a
      quantitative technique, we found no difference in the amount of PGE per
      milliliter lung fluid between the sarcoid group (1,950 +/- 1,507.4 pg/ml lung
      fluid, mean +/- SD) and the control group (2,112 +/- 932.3 pg/ml lung fluid). In
      patients with sarcoidosis, there was a positive correlation between the number of
      lymphocytes in the BAL fluid and the amount of PGE and prostacyclin per
      milliliters of lung fluid (r = 0.71 and r = 0.81, p less than 0.01), but not
      thromboxane.

PMID- 6388446
TI  - Neurogenic pulmonary edema.
AB  - A variety of central nervous system (CNS) insults may be complicated by the acute
      development of pulmonary edema. This occurrence has been termed neurogenic
      pulmonary edema (NPE), and experimental models have clearly shown that CNS
      insults may cause pulmonary edema. Unfortunately, the pathophysiologic aspects of
      this response are not clearly understood. Basing an approach to the development
      of pulmonary edema on Starling's equation leads to the conclusion that NPE is
      caused by changes in pulmonary endothelial permeability and/or microvascular
      pressures. It was previously suggested (the "blast theory") that CNS insults
      caused acute systemic arterial and pulmonary venous spasm and increased venous
      return, which would result in a severe pulmonary vascular hydrostatic insult and
      a secondary permeability defect. Although such hydrostatic derangements may
      explain certain cases of NPE, recent clinical and experimental studies have
      indicated that CNS disorders may cause a permeability defect without a vascular
      insult. The mediating factor for a permeability defect is not clear. The
      implications of these findings are that NPE may be caused by either permeability
      abnormalities or hydrostatic insults, may present clinically in a variety of
      ways, and may require different approaches to treatment. Our understanding of the
      CNS sites that might mediate NPE is not sophisticated enough, at present, to
      define the neural mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of NPE.

PMID- 6388447
TI  - Villous adenoma of the duodenum. A clinicopathologic study of five cases.
AB  - Villous adenoma of the duodenum (VAD) is a rare tumor occurring predominantly in
      middle-aged adults and most commonly found in the second portion of the duodenum.
      The authors describe five cases of VAD and discuss histologic criteria for
      diagnosis of malignant transformation. Diagnostically, more than 90 per cent of
      all lesions are identified by upper gastrointestinal series and endoscopy.
      Treatment of choice for benign lesions is local excision, while malignant lesions
      should be treated with more extensive resection. In situ carcinoma in the elderly
      should be managed on an individual basis.

PMID- 6388448
TI  - The axillary mass in occult breast carcinoma. Case reports and overview.
AB  - The presentation of mammary carcinoma as an axillary mass is quite rare (0.5%).
      "Occult" breast cancer will be defined as nonpalpable breast carcinoma presenting
      as an axillary mass. This article presents two such patients and reviews the
      available literature. The patients are of similar age and have breast lesions at
      similar sites as "nonoccult" breast carcinoma. However, the prognosis is somewhat
      better than that of "nonoccult" breast cancer perhaps due to early histopathology
      and small primary size. This subject is reviewed in terms of case reports,
      clinical findings, radiographic findings, pathologic findings, management,
      treatment, prognosis, and a flowchart for surgical work-up.

PMID- 6388449
TI  - [Adenohypophysis secretion in children: comparison between a combined test and
      isolated stimulation tests].
AB  - Pituitary function is assessed by a combined test (insulin, TRH, LH-RH) in twenty
      prepubertal children with constitutional delay of growth and/or retarded bone
      maturation, and is compared with another group of 31 children with the same
      diagnostic assessed by an isolated test. Plasma GH, TSH, PRL and cortisol levels
      had not interferences when the provocation stimuli were administrated in combined
      form or isolated one. When basal cortisol levels were near 25 mcg/100 ml, the
      insulin induced hypoglycemia did not lead higher values. Simultaneous evaluation
      of pituitary function can assessed in a short period of time (two hours) with
      minimum disturbs in children and exhibits a good information of the hypothalamo
      pituitary axis.

PMID- 6388450
TI  - Sporadic cases of hemorrhagic colitis associated with Escherichia coli O157:H7.
      Clinical, epidemiologic, and bacteriologic features.
AB  - During a 6-month period in 1983, Escherichia coli O157:H7 was isolated from 19
      (15%) of 125 patients with grossly bloody diarrhea and 1 sibling with non-bloody
      diarrhea in the Calgary area. There was no clustering of the cases geographically
      or in time. All but 1 had clinical manifestations typical of hemorrhagic colitis
      associated with E. coli O157:H7. The illness appeared to be associated with
      consumption of hamburgers by 15 patients. The diarrheal illness was usually self
      limited, but 3 children developed the hemolytic-uremic syndrome shortly after
      onset of illness. The organism was excreted in the stools very briefly in adults,
      although bacterial shedding continued for a longer period in children. All
      isolates produced verotoxin, and cytotoxic activities were present in stool
      filtrates. The results suggest that the incidence of sporadic cases of
      hemorrhagic colitis due to E. coli O157:H7 may be higher than has been suspected,
      and that patients with grossly bloody diarrhea should be studied promptly for E.
      coli O157:H7 infection. Specific techniques for identifying this serotype must be
      applied to the stool cultures. Detection of free cytotoxin in stool filtrates may
      be an effective diagnostic procedure.

PMID- 6388451
TI  - Defective B-lymphocyte function in homosexual men in relation to the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - Patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome manifest a wide spectrum of
      immunologic abnormalities. Polyclonal and antigen-specific differentiation of B
      lymphocytes into immunoglobulin- and antibody-secreting cells was studied in
      vitro in three groups of homosexual volunteers: asymptomatic men; men who were
      symptomatic but lacked clinical criteria for the acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome; and those having the syndrome. Although mean responses of all three
      groups were significantly lower than those of healthy heterosexual male controls,
      those of the asymptomatic group were least affected. Abnormalities in the
      symptomatic group were equal to or greater than those of patients with the
      syndrome, but responses of the latter group were the least augmentable by in
      vitro manipulations. Severe impairment of B-cell function appeared to favor
      clinical deterioration. Antibody replenishment might be of value as adjunctive
      therapy in persons with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or as prophylaxis
      in certain at-risk persons.

PMID- 6388452
TI  - Antibiotic prophylaxis for cardiovascular surgery. Efficacy with coronary artery
      bypass.
AB  - Two hundred twenty patients were randomly assigned to receive either ceforanide
      or cephalothin as perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis during cardiovascular
      surgery. More infections were seen among cephalothin recipients (8 deep, 32
      total) than among ceforanide recipients (1 deep, 17 total). Among patients who
      had only coronary artery bypass grafting, more cephalothin recipients had
      infection than did ceforanide recipients (19 of 82 as opposed to 7 of 83; p =
      0.001; relative risk, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.22 to 6.18). The difference
      between the two regimens was attributable to fewer blood, wound, and urinary
      tract infections. Among patients who had other procedures, there was no
      difference in the efficacy of the two regimens. Cephalothin recipients who
      developed wound or blood stream infections had lower antibiotic levels in their
      atrial appendages than recipients not developing such infections (p = 0.02). If
      one assumes that cephalothin does not increase the risk of infection, then these
      data show that antibiotic prophylaxis prevents infection after coronary artery
      bypass surgery, and, in the dosages used, that ceforanide is superior to
      cephalothin.

PMID- 6388453
TI  - Computed tomography of the heart and great vessels: present and future.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) has emerged as a new imaging method for the diagnosis
      and evaluation of cardiovascular disease. With CT body scanners and contrast
      enhancement, evaluation of aortic dissections and aneurysms, coronary bypass
      graft patency, cardiovascular thrombus, cardiac tumors, and pericardial disease
      is possible. On occasion, this technique provides clinically useful information
      that is not available with other imaging methods. Electrocardiographic gating
      retrospectively or prospectively improves the image resolution of CT scans, but a
      new ultrafast CT scanner with a scan time of 30 to 50 milliseconds offers the
      greatest promise for expanding the application of the technology for
      cardiovascular diagnosis. Accurate measurement of cardiac chamber volume, mass,
      wall motion, and wall thickening will be feasible. Ultrafast CT scanning also
      shows great promise for the measurement of myocardial infarct size and regional
      myocardial blood flow.

PMID- 6388454
TI  - The decline in ischemic heart disease mortality rates. An analysis of the
      comparative effects of medical interventions and changes in lifestyle.
AB  - Using reasonable assumptions gathered from the published literature, we estimated
      that more than half of the decline in ischemic heart disease mortality between
      1968 and 1976 was related to changes in lifestyle, specifically to reductions in
      serum cholesterol levels and cigarette smoking. In comparison, about 40% of the
      decline can be directly attributed to specific medical treatment of clinical
      ischemic heart disease and hypertension being the leading estimated contributors.
      Because many of these interventions have not yet been applied to their maximum
      potential, a continued decline in mortality rates might be anticipated in the
      coming decades. However, the relative costs of these medical interventions and
      lifestyle changes and the extent to which they interact with each other must be
      considered before an optimal national health strategy can be derived.

PMID- 6388455
TI  - Common anorectal disorders.
AB  - Anorectal disorders include a diverse group of pathologic processes that are
      frequently encountered in general medical practice but are poorly understood. The
      optimal management of anal pain, itching, bleeding, and incontinence is based on
      sound anatomic and pathophysiologic principles. Advances have been made in
      understanding the pathogenesis and management of four anorectal disorders
      frequently encountered by internists: hemorrhoids, fissures, pruritus, and
      incontinence.

PMID- 6388456
TI  - Penetrating keratoplasty in megalophthalmos.
AB  - A 33-year-old white woman was referred for treatment of a painful left eye in
      1964. She underwent an 11 mm corneal transplant for bullous keratopathy and did
      well until 1982 when a transplant was performed on the right eye for similar
      problems. Examination revealed grossly enlarged globes with corneal diameters of
      greater than 22 mm with enlarged anterior segments and bullous keratopathy.
      Following the first transplant the patient had useful vision throughout 18 years
      follow-up. A brief discussion of enlarged anterior segments is presented along
      with a pathological description of the corneal button of the right eye.

PMID- 6388457
TI  - Ultrasonographic findings in endophthalmitis.
AB  - Ultrasonographic findings in 11 cases of endophthalmitis are presented. Anterior
      vitreous echoes and thickening of the retinochoroidal layer were constant
      findings. Posterior vitreous echoes were seen in nine of the cases, posterior
      vitreous detachment in seven, and vitreous membrane formation in six. Although
      vitreous echoes and thickening of the retinochoroidal layer are seen--singly or
      together--in various conditions, when these findings are present in a patient
      with signs and symptoms suggestive of infection, the suspicion of endophthalmitis
      is strong.

PMID- 6388458
TI  - Role of electrophysiologic testing in the preoperative evaluation of corneal
      transplant patients.
AB  - We performed preoperative skin electrode bright-flash ERG and VEP testing on 32
      patients undergoing elective penetrating keratoplasty. Twenty-six patients had
      unilaterally decreased vision and six had bilateral visual impairment. By
      combining our quantitative electroretinogram (ERG) and qualitative visual evoked
      potential (VEP) results with clinical findings, we were able to predict visual
      outcome in 92% of cases. Our findings suggest that bright-flash ERG and VEP
      testing are useful adjunct studies to clinical and ultrasound findings in
      patients with media opacities, comparison of a and b wave amplitudes with the
      fellow eye may yield prognostic information, a normal ERG and VEP in the presence
      of an equivocal afferent pupillary defect may signal a good visual prognosis, and
      ERG and VEP are not reliably predictive in patients with media opacity and
      amblyopia or macular disease.

PMID- 6388459
TI  - [The HLA system and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A review and personal
      studies].
AB  - Present knowledge regarding the HLA system and the association between HLA
      antigens and insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is reviewed. The
      heterogeneity of diabetes, immunogenetically speaking, is emphasized. Results are
      reported for HLA typing in 18 cases of known IDDM recently diagnosed and observed
      at the Karen Bruni Diabetes Center in approximately one year (1981-82). The
      frequency of HLA antigens B7, B8 (in linkage disequilibrium with DR3), B15 (in
      linkage disequilibrium with DR4) and B18 was examined in comparison with a
      Piemontese control group. The X2 method was used for calculating the relative
      risk and statistic importance of the intensity of association. IDDM
      susceptibility in association with HLA-B18 was confirmed and resulted
      significantly higher in our cases in respect to controls. Correlations without,
      however, reliable importance, have also been found between HLA-B8 and B15. IDDM
      protection by HLA-B7 was not confirmed. Diabetes began during the winter, from
      October to February, in 10 out of 18 cases, and some were positively related to a
      previous respiratory viral infection. Previous virus infection was found in three
      B7-positive cases. The more frequent arousal of diabetic symptoms during the
      winter in subjects positive for HLA-B8 and B18 was confirmed in 7 out of 8 cases.
      This work demonstrates the current practicability of HLA typing of recently
      diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetic in a Diabetes Center. This element helps to
      a more correct classification--on a subclinical basis--of initial cases of type 1
      and 2 diabetes and can be used for possible problems during the course of insulin
      therapy.

PMID- 6388460
TI  - [Misgovernment of the Hospital of Chivasso from the 16th to the 18th century].

PMID- 6388461
TI  - [Doppler measurement of tibial pressure in the diagnosis of peripheral
      arteriopathies].
AB  - Reference is made to the importance of determining tibial artery pressure in the
      diagnosis of peripheral arterial insufficiencies of the lower limbs. A series of
      83 cases in which a Doppler ultrasonography was used in its evaluation at rest
      and during the Strandness exercise test at the same time as oscillography is
      presented. The Doppler examination proved far more sensitive in the detection of
      slight arterial insufficiencies, including those devoid of clinical symptoms in
      some cases. There was also a parallel between the Doppler findings and the
      metabolic picture in one group of patients, together with a certain
      correspondence with dyslipidaemia. Emphasis is placed on the importance of
      determining tibial artery pressure. This simple diagnostic examination can easily
      be performed, even by the general practitioner.

PMID- 6388462
TI  - Tracheomalacia in infants and children.
AB  - The clinical features of tracheomalacia depend on the location, length, and
      severity of the weakness of the tracheal wall. There is firm evidence that
      tracheomalacia in association with tracheoesophageal fistula is due to
      malformation and deficiency in the tracheal wall, but in other types of
      tracheomalacia the evidence is less conclusive. A classification is proposed,
      based on the known histopathologic and endoscopic changes. Endoscopy is
      considered the most reliable diagnostic examination.

PMID- 6388463
TI  - Liver transplants in children: importance for the otolaryngologist.
AB  - Orthotopic liver transplantation (OTLT) for children with end stage liver failure
      has doubled 1-year survival rates to over 70% with the employment of cyclosporine
      and prednisone in conjunction with skilled surgical and medical specialists
      providing supportive care. The otolaryngology service has assisted in the care of
      18 of 61 children undergoing OTLT, particularly in managing respiratory problems
      that required improved pulmonary toilet and prolonged intubation. The prevention
      of atelectasis of the lung and subsequent sepsis appears to be improved by prompt
      bronchoscopy.

PMID- 6388464
TI  - Anterolateral extrapharyngeal approach for cervical osteophyte-induced dysphagia.
      Literature review.
AB  - While it is estimated that hypertrophic cervical osteophytes occur in up to 20%
      to 30% of the population, they are only rarely associated with dysphagia.
      Pathophysiologically, dysphagia may occur secondary to 1) mechanical compression
      with partial obstruction, or 2) periesophageal inflammation caused by
      pharyngoesophageal motion over the osteophytes. A careful history, indirect
      laryngoscopy, cineesophagography, and lateral cervical spine films establish the
      diagnosis in most patients. While routine rigid endoscopy is potentially
      hazardous in view of the recognized risk of inadvertent pharyngoesophageal
      perforation, it may be necessary in selected patients to rule out the presence of
      other more common causes of dysphagia. Conservative management consisting of
      sedation, antiinflammatory medication, and reassurance is often sufficient in
      patients with only mild to moderate and often transient symptoms. The value of
      surgical therapy for this disorder has been debated, but most agree that surgical
      excision is appropriate in selected patients whose symptoms are severe and
      progressive. In this report, two patients illustrate the dichotomy between and
      value of both conservative and surgical approaches. While both transoropharyngeal
      and transcervical extrapharyngeal surgical approaches have been used, a
      comprehensive review of the results of such procedures has not been reported. In
      this report a detailed description of the anterolateral extrapharyngeal approach
      for the excision of these osteophytes is given, and its value compared to other
      surgical techniques discussed.

PMID- 6388465
TI  - Surgical management of strictures of the cervical esophagus.
AB  - Strictures of the esophagus are difficult and challenging problems. Whether a
      result of caustic ingestion, trauma, or surgery, or a congenital abnormality, the
      patient suffers a disruption of the fundamental act of swallowing. The seven
      cases of stricture of the cervical esophagus presented here were not alleviated
      by the usual methods of antegrade and retrograde dilation. Each patient underwent
      a two-stage reconstruction of the esophagus. The strictures in four patients were
      secondary to a caustic agent, two were congenital, and one was of unknown
      etiology. All patients no longer require dilation and are essentially cured. This
      procedure will add to the armamentarium of the surgeon who deals with "hopeless"
      strictures of the cervical esophagus and, in properly selected cases, should be
      successful.

PMID- 6388466
TI  - Repair of traumatic cervical esophageal stenosis using microvascular free jejunum
      transfer.
AB  - Three cases of nonneoplastic stricture of the cervical esophagus and pharynx
      repaired by free jejunal transfer are reported. This technique permits repair of
      various circumferential defects of the pharynx and esophagus in a single stage
      without compromising laryngeal function. None of the patients required subsequent
      dilatation to restore satisfactory swallowing.

PMID- 6388467
TI  - [Treatment of systemic scleroderma].

PMID- 6388468
TI  - [Treatment of severe alopecia areata by local administration of minoxidil].

PMID- 6388470
TI  - [Yolk sac tumor of primary orbital localization].

PMID- 6388469
TI  - [Endoscopy and cryptogenic inflammatory enterocolitis].

PMID- 6388471
TI  - Experimental electrical burns: low voltage.
AB  - Low-voltage electrical burns were studied in 25 pigs submitted to bilateral thigh
      burns using 500 volts AC for 10 seconds. In a group of 6 animals, the wounds were
      observed and histologic specimens obtained at different intervals during the
      first week. The burn measured approximately 4 cm in diameter and extended through
      two muscle layers. This tissue underwent further necrosis during the first 48
      hours. After 2 days there was no further necrosis. In a second group, the wounds
      were debrided and covered with either a split-thickness skin graft or a rectus
      abdominis musculocutaneous flap. All wounds with flap coverage healed primarily
      and there was no deep necrosis. From our findings we conclude that debridement
      and definitive closure can safely be performed 2 days after low-voltage
      electrical burns.

PMID- 6388472
TI  - The permanence of otoplasty in the rabbit ear: a comparison of techniques.
AB  - Otoplasty should restructure the cartilage framework of the ear with permanent
      results. Major techniques include the placement of permanent sutures, with or
      without concomitant cartilage scoring, and cartilage abrasion alone. Our study
      evaluates the durability of the results of each method. Fifteen New Zealand white
      rabbits were divided into two groups. In 10 rabbits, the posterior surface of the
      right ear cartilage was abraded, and the ear was folded forward and secured with
      nylon stitches. A similar procedure was performed on the left ear, omitting the
      cartilage abrasion. In 4 rabbits, both ears were abraded transversely on the
      posterior cartilaginous surface and no sutures were placed. In 1 rabbit only the
      posterior skin was undermined on both ears. For one week dressings maintained a
      right-angle fold at the operative site. Rabbit ears reshaped with abrasion only
      failed to maintain the desired conformation. Ears with suture and abrasion did
      not maintain the full 90-degree angle created at surgery, although they did not
      fully straighten. Ears reshaped with suture alone maintained a folded angle close
      to the original right angle. Three months after operation the sutures within the
      cartilage were removed to approximate the clinical situation of late suture
      disruption from trauma to the operated ear and the shape was assessed.

PMID- 6388473
TI  - Milestones in modern plastic surgery. A two-stage method for pharyngoesophageal
      reconstruction with a primary pectoral skin flap. By V.K. Bakamjian. 1965.

PMID- 6388474
TI  - Prostacyclin formation in delayed pig flank flaps.
AB  - A specific 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha radioimmunoassay was used to follow
      tissue prostacyclin formation in a series of bipedicle delayed flaps in 2 pigs.
      Flap tissue samples were taken at intervals for 21 days. Prostacyclin formation
      started to rise at day 4 and reached a peak at day 7. The increase was
      statistically significant (p less than 0.05) compared with other days and with
      the control. This result implies that the increased hemodynamics that occur
      following the "delay" procedure are effected by prostacyclin, which is a potent
      humoral factor for vasodilation. The peak of prostacyclin formation one week
      following surgery correlates well with previous reports demonstrating a maximal
      blood flow one week after the "delay" procedure.

PMID- 6388475
TI  - [Radioisotope study of arterial hypertension of renal origin using 99m Tc-DTPA].

PMID- 6388476
TI  - [Bone hydatidosis. Radiological aspects apropos of 30 cases. Contribution of
      echotomography apropos of 3 cases].

PMID- 6388477
TI  - [Contrast principles in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging].

PMID- 6388479
TI  - History, current status and future of regional anesthesia.

PMID- 6388478
TI  - [Surgical treatment of mechanical complications of myocardial infarction after 65
      years of age].
AB  - Age does not seem to influence either the operative mortality or the incidence of
      mechanical complications of myocardial infarction, although for some authors
      rupture of the free wall is more frequent in the elderly. On the other hand, post
      operative morbidity is higher in the elderly because the acute haemodynamic
      disturbances involved often aggravate renal, pulmonary and cerebral degenerative
      lesions. This paper studies the present data on surgical treatment. Two
      dimensional echocardiography has improved diagnosis of free wall rupture as well
      as of the mechanism of mitral insufficiency. The indications for, and duration
      of, circulatory assistance using an intra-aortic balloon are now well established
      in mitral insufficiency and interventricular communication. The introduction of
      cardiac paralysis, the use of low-profile bioprostheses and coronary
      revascularisation have improved the surgical results of mitral valve replacement.
      The techniques of closing interventricular communications together with the
      treatment of aneurysms are now well established. Where aneurysms are concerned,
      the methods vary depending on whether it is a false or true aneurysm; in the
      latter case we discuss aneurysmectomy and surgery for arrhythmia. The only contra
      indications to this kind of surgery remain senility and the existence of far
      advanced associated pathology (whether renal, pulmonary, cerebral or neoplastic).

PMID- 6388480
TI  - Cardiovascular and central nervous system toxicity of local anaesthetics.

PMID- 6388481
TI  - The problem of post-spinal headache.
AB  - Headache is the most common complication of spinal anaesthesia. Although it is
      usually harmless it can, however, be so distressing to the patient that the fear
      of this unpredictable drawback may make many anaesthetists reluctant to use this
      simple anaesthetic technique. Although it is difficult to predict which patients
      will get post-spinal headache (PSH), we fortunately know some groups of patients
      who are more susceptible to PSH than others. They include young patients, female
      patients, patients with a history of travel sickness, patients with previous PSH,
      patients with an asthenic constitution and patients who have a minor operation
      with prompt discharge. The use of a thin needle (25-26 G) reduces the occurrence
      of PSH. Hydration during the operation day does not prevent PSH, nor does
      recumbency of 24 hours. The results are contradictory when a prophylactic
      epidural blood patch is used to prevent PSH. Although PSH usually ceases
      spontaneously within 1-4 days, treatment with an epidural blood patch is
      indicated if PSH is severe or affects the time of discharge. The presence of this
      complication must be recognised, should be avoided as far as possible and treated
      when necessary, but it certainly does not prevent the use of spinal anaesthesia.

PMID- 6388482
TI  - Regional anaesthesia in obstetrics.
AB  - This review includes a brief discussion of the indications and pitfalls of
      regional anaesthetic techniques commonly used during parturition. Emphasis is
      given to the physiological changes of pregnancy and the potential effects on the
      fetus. The criteria for the choice of local anaesthetic are also presented.

PMID- 6388483
TI  - Influence of regional anaesthesia on postoperative morbidity.
AB  - A short review on the influence of regional anaesthesia on various parameters of
      postoperative morbidity is given. Only data from controlled studies have
      contributed to the conclusions. It appears that regional anaesthesia with local
      anaesthetics reduces intraoperative blood loss and postoperative thromboembolic
      complications after hip surgery and prostatectomy, while data from other
      procedures are inconclusive. Mortality is probably minimized by regional
      anaesthesia after acute hip surgery. No firm conclusion can be made with regard
      to the influence on postoperative cardial or pulmonary complications, mental
      dysfunction, infective complications, restoration of gastro-intestinal function
      as well as on convalescence, but several pieces of evidence from studies
      including only a limited number of patients suggest that regional anaesthesia may
      mitigate various aspects of postoperative morbidity. Future studies should be
      directed to give final answers on these points and furthermore consider the
      possible differing effect of a single dose infiltration anaesthesia or spinal
      anaesthesia versus continuous epidural analgesia, the optimal duration and extent
      of the neuronal block, and the effect of postoperative pain relief by epidural
      opiate administration.

PMID- 6388484
TI  - Bupivacaine and intravenous regional anaesthesia--a matter of controversy.
AB  - The role of bupivacaine in IVRA is controversial. It produces a reliable sensory
      and motor block and when used in larger doses prolonged residual analgesia is
      also achieved. Large series of its use without toxic complications have been
      presented. Yet, there are sporadic reports of severe, even fatal complications,
      usually as the result of a technical failure. In this article bupivacaine is
      compared to two other local anaesthetics commonly used in IVRA, i.e. lignocaine
      and prilocaine. Acidosis and hyperkaliemia are likely to increase the risk of
      bupivacaine toxicity. Other contributing factors include leakage under the
      tourniquet cuff and preexisting cardiac disease. We conclude that bupivacaine is
      a useful agent for IVRA assuming that the patients are carefully selected and the
      anaesthetist is aware of the possible risks and their prevention.

PMID- 6388485
TI  - Problems and progress in immunization.
AB  - Advances in immunology, microbial genetics, molecular biology and biochemistry
      are opening prospects for new purified and synthetic antigens against infectious
      diseases, cancers of viral origin and some immunodeficiencies. Immunization
      programmes against major childhood diseases with commonly used vaccines gave
      excellent results and are leading to their virtual eradication in developed
      countries. However some vaccines like the one against pertussis proved to be of
      considerably lower effectiveness. Results achieved in developing countries are in
      general lagging behind due to lower immunization coverage. While in some
      countries immunization strategies for eradication of measles are discussed, in
      others it is questionable whether immunization should continue due to failures of
      immunization programmes. Evaluation of the effectiveness of national immunization
      programmes by surveillance and various other methods including the use of
      epidemiological models point ot the deficiencies of vaccine potency and/or
      stability and the inadequacy of vaccination schemes and coverages. There is a
      need to determine optimal immunization programmes for control and possible
      eradication with currently available antigens and new ones. For newly developed
      vaccines, ever increasing in number, but with the uncertainty of their
      appropriate public health use, it is essential to study their optimal and most
      cost-effective uses e.g., pertussis vaccination is an old unsolved problem and
      that against hepatitis B a new one. Better results can be obtained with current
      vaccines by appropriate modification of immunization programmes. Some of the
      proposed strategies for using recently developed vaccines are questionable and
      need critical examination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6388486
TI  - Clinical efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in the treatment of falciparum
      malaria in Sabah, Malaysia.
AB  - One hundred and ten consecutive patients with falciparum malaria were treated
      with Fansidar and primaquine. Of the 61 patients who were followed up at one
      week, 4 (6.6%) failed to clear their parasitaemia (1 R III and 3 R II treatment
      failures). Of the subsequent 40 patients who were seen again at one month,
      another 3 (7.5%) had recrudesced (R I treatment failure). A total of 7 patients
      thus experienced some form of treatment failure in the cohort of 40 who completed
      the one month follow up. Only 1 of these 7 patients (with R III treatment
      failure) failed to respond to repeat Fansidar treatment, and may be the only one
      with true Fansidar resistance. The overall treatment failure rate of 17.5% (95%
      confidence interval: 6-29%) in the cohort who completed the study is consistent
      with the known clinical efficacy of Fansidar. These results suggest no
      significant Fansidar resistance in falciparum malaria found in Sabah.

PMID- 6388487
TI  - Midbrain paresis of horizontal gaze.
AB  - Unilateral paramedian involvement of the midbrain tegmentum causes monocular
      paralysis of adduction in the ipsilateral eye, paresis of contralateral saccades
      in the opposite eye, and conjugate paresis of ipsilateral smooth pursuit. The
      adduction paralysis can be nuclear, or internuclear from a lesion in the medial
      longitudinal fasciculus. This distinctive midbrain syndrome of horizontal gaze
      paresis is exemplified by means of quantitative infrared oculographic,
      radiological, and neuropathological correlation in two patients with
      predominantly paramedian midbrain tumors involving the mesencephalic reticular
      formation and the oculomotor nucleus. Binocular paralysis of elevation provided
      evidence that one human oculomotor nucleus contains axons to both superior rectus
      muscles, as does the simian oculomotor nucleus. The midbrain tectum was spared.
      These pathophysiological correlations indicate that the mesencephalic reticular
      formation contains pathways that control contralateral saccades and ipsilateral
      smooth pursuit.

PMID- 6388488
TI  - [Modulators of passive avoidance behavior].

PMID- 6388489
TI  - Learning.

PMID- 6388490
TI  - Ecology of spirochetes.

PMID- 6388491
TI  - Synthetic viral vaccines.

PMID- 6388492
TI  - The acidophilic thiobacilli and other acidophilic bacteria that share their
      habitat.

PMID- 6388493
TI  - The role of oxygen and its derivatives in microbial pathogenesis and host
      defense.

PMID- 6388494
TI  - Bacteroides of the human lower intestinal tract.

PMID- 6388495
TI  - The disease spectrum, epidemiology, and etiology of toxic-shock syndrome.
AB  - From this composite picture of the history and recent developments related to
      TSS, several points are clear. TSS is not a new disease, and TST-producing
      strains of S. aureus are not new. What is new is the recent dramatic increase of
      this disease in young women who use tampons during menses and who lack antibody
      to TST. What is also new is the recognition that the disease commonly recurs but
      only in menstrually associated cases. What remains to be determined are the
      precise role of tampons, the factors leading to toxin induction, and the
      mechanism of action of this potent toxin. In order to better determine what these
      factors and mechanism of action are, and to determine if the TST marker protein
      is in fact the critical toxin, a reliable animal model is badly needed. Finally,
      a reliable laboratory test to confirm the clinical diagnosis is another high
      priority need. The further unraveling of the secrets of this complex disease may
      greatly enhance our understanding of the disease associated with this toxin, of
      the intricacies of toxin production by other bacteria, and of the role that
      exogenous cofactors play in disease processes.

PMID- 6388496
TI  - The structure and mode of action of glycopeptide antibiotics of the vancomycin
      group.
AB  - It has been shown that after more than two decades of work on the structure and
      mode of action of the vancomycin group of antibiotics we have quite a detailed
      picture of aspects of their binding in vitro. Our introduction has indicated that
      these antibiotics are of continuing practical importance, whether in clinical use
      or animal husbandry. It is clear, however, that if one desires to modify these
      compounds to produce more effective antibiotic agents, more work is required-
      particularly to understand better the role of the sugar moieties. Nevertheless,
      with our present knowledge of the structure and mode of action of the antibiotics
      we can be fairly confident that they represent a group of compounds specifically
      evolved to aid the survival of the producing organisms by killing or inactivating
      competing gram-positive bacteria.

PMID- 6388497
TI  - Alternative pathways of carbohydrate utilization in pseudomonads.

PMID- 6388498
TI  - The status of YATP and maintenance energy as biologically interpretable
      phenomena.

PMID- 6388499
TI  - Biology of iron- and manganese-depositing bacteria.

PMID- 6388500
TI  - Stereotactic surgery: often an alternative to craniotomy.

PMID- 6388501
TI  - Automation of chromogenic substrate Limulus amebocyte lysate assay method for
      endotoxin by robotic system.
AB  - The chromogenic substrate Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay method for the
      detection of endotoxin was automated by a Zymate robotic system. The software
      developed enables the robot to automatically dilute a stock reference endotoxin
      standard (20,000 endotoxin units per ml) for the construction of a five-point
      standard curve, make sample dilutions to the proper testing concentration, and
      perform chromogenic substrate LAL assays in duplicate. The linearity of the
      standard curve and the endotoxin concentration in each sample are calculated and
      results are printed automatically. In 48 min the automated system assays three
      samples and a reference standard in duplicate along with a water blank.
      Sensitivity of the assay is a function of incubation time. The assay is linear (r
      greater than 0.99) in the region of 0 to 1.0 endotoxin units per ml or 0 to 0.2
      endotoxin units per ml with incubation times of 10 or 16 min, respectively. The
      method can be made very sensitive, detecting as low as 0.003 endotoxin units per
      ml with 30 min of incubation. The precision of the assay method, determined by
      assaying an endotoxin reference solution eight times, is ca. 6%. The LAL reagent
      designed for gel-clot assay was modified for the chromogenic substrate assay. We
      describe the optimum conditions for the performance of the chromogenic substrate
      LAL assay and stability of the LAL reagent.

PMID- 6388502
TI  - Escherichia coli variants for gas and indole production at elevated incubation
      temperatures.
AB  - Two strains of Escherichia coli were subjected to heat and cold-storage
      treatments to determine the stability of the fecal E. coli characteristics of gas
      production from lactose and indole production at elevated incubation
      temperatures. No variants were detected with repeated sublethal heat treatment. A
      high incidence of variants was observed with extended cold storage of the
      organisms in liquid and semisolid media, especially with poor nutrient
      composition, and in the absence of cryoprotective agents. The indole
      characteristic at elevated temperature was more stable than the production of gas
      from lactose. The critical temperature at which both gas production from lactose
      and the indole characteristic were lost was 44.5 degrees C. It appeared that the
      variants resulted from increased temperature sensitivity of the formic hydrogen
      lyase and tryptophanase enzymes, respectively.

PMID- 6388503
TI  - Regulation of insulin binding and stimulation of sugar transport in cultured
      human fibroblasts by sugar levels in the culture medium.
AB  - Studies were carried out on cultures of human skin fibroblasts to explore the
      effects of culture medium glucose levels on insulin binding and action. Cell
      cultures in 5.55 mM glucose-containing medium depleted their medium glucose
      within 3 days, and at that time exhibited elevated deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG)
      transport (84% greater than control cultures fed 22.2 mM glucose) and failure of
      insulin to stimulate 2-DG transport (an insulin:control transport ratio of 1.02).
      There was also a significant negative correlation between basal 2-DG transport
      and insulin binding (r = -0.621; n = 29; P less than 0.01), while insulin binding
      exhibited a significant positive correlation with insulin action (r = 0.816; n =
      12; P less than 0.01). Glucose starvation of cultures for 18 h resulted in
      several changes: a 49% decrease in specific 125I-insulin binding due to a
      reduction in binding capacity; elevated basal 2-DG transport; and an absence of
      insulin stimulation of 2-DG transport. Exposure to increasing concentrations of
      glucose for 18 h led to a glucose concentration-dependent increase in specific
      insulin binding. Additionally, the various changes in the glucose-starved group
      were reversed after as little as 6 h of glucose refeeding. The results indicate
      that basal sugar transport, and insulin binding and action can be regulated by
      the amount of glucose in the medium.

PMID- 6388504
TI  - Relationship between the subunit structure of insulin receptor and its competence
      to bind insulin and undergo phosphorylation.
AB  - Insulin receptor partially purified from human placenta by chromatography on
      immobilized wheat germ agglutinin was subjected to affinity cross linking to
      determine the relationship between the subunit structure of the multiple forms of
      the insulin receptor and their competence to bind insulin and undergo
      autophosphorylation. It was demonstrated that, whereas the 340-kDa intact
      receptor undergoes autophosphorylation, the 290- and 320-kDa insulin binding
      forms of the receptor do not. Phosphorylation at tyrosyl residues in the intact
      receptor was verified using a new facile method for determination of
      phosphorylated amino acids. The competence of the phosphorylated 340-kDa protein
      to bind insulin was demonstrated using a double-probe labeling protocol wherein
      receptor phosphorylated with [gamma-32P]ATP was cross-linked with disuccinimidyl
      suberate (DSS) in the presence of N epsilon B29-biotinylinsulin. The observation
      that succinylavidin, by virtue of its interaction with biotinyl residues,
      decreased the electrophoretic mobility of receptor radiochemically labeled with
      32P indicated that the phosphorylated 340-kDa protein was competent to bind
      insulin. This result is compelling evidence that the 340-kDa phosphorylated
      species is insulin receptor itself, rather than a closely associated contaminant.
      Treatment of the receptor with the crosslinking agent DSS produced (after
      reduction and denaturation) alpha-dimer, beta-dimer, and a smaller amount of
      tetramer. This observation is consistent with a symmetrical, tetrameric, alpha 2
      beta 2 structure for insulin receptor from human placenta, and excludes
      previously proposed alternative structures containing one alpha and one beta
      chain.

PMID- 6388506
TI  - Oral patterns of acute and chronic graft-v-host disease.
AB  - Oral manifestations of graft-v-host disease (GVHD) are described in five
      recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplants. It was clear that oral mucosal
      involvement occurred in both acute and chronic phases of the disease, and that
      recognizable patterns of presentation and course also occurred. The mechanisms of
      acute and chronic GVHD and the significance of oral mucosal and salivary gland
      involvement are discussed.

PMID- 6388505
TI  - Effect of exogenous addition of hemin on the biogenesis of mitochondrial
      membranes during glucose repression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Exogenous addition of hemin alleviated glucose repression by promoting
      mitochondrial membrane functions. It prevented the release of mitochondrial
      proteins into the cytosol by decreasing the activities of phospholipase C and
      phospholipase D. It restored oligomycin sensitivity of mitochondrial ATPase
      associated with repressed mitochondria. It enhanced cardiolipin content twofold,
      and decreased the sterol:phospholipid ratio. Studies on the amino acid
      incorporation into isolated mitochondria showed that hemin can also promote
      biogenesis of the organelle by stimulating amino acid incorporation into
      mitochondrial proteins, and this stimulation appeared to be mediated through some
      cytosolic factor(s).

PMID- 6388507
TI  - Unilateral ashy dermatosis occurring in a child.
AB  - An unusual case of ashy dermatosis of Ramirez occurred in a 5-year-old-girl who
      had ash-colored hyperpigmented macules and plaques on the left leg and the left
      side of the trunk. These unilateral lesions showed histopathologic changes of a
      lichenoid tissue reaction. Although the exact cause of ashy dermatosis remains
      unknown, the positive test result for serum rheumatoid factor and the granular
      deposition of IgM at the dermoepidermal junction found in our case has
      immunologic implications.

PMID- 6388508
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus with vesiculobullous lesions. Immunoelectron
      microscopic studies.
AB  - A 20-year-old man had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and a skin eruption that
      consisted of pruritic, tense, clear, bullous, and vesicular lesions.
      Histopathological examination of the bullous lesions disclosed papillary
      microabscesses of neutrophils and subepidermal bulla formation. Direct
      immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated linear bandlike depositions of IgA and
      IgG at the basement membrane zone in both peribullous and normal-appearing skin.
      By immunoelectron microscopy, the IgA and IgG deposits were found beneath the
      basal lamina, extending beyond the anchoring fibril zone into the deeper portion
      of the dermis. The immunoelectron microscopic features supported the conclusion
      that this patient had SLE with vesiculobullous lesions rather than SLE concurrent
      with dermatitis herpetiformis, linear IgA bullous dermatosis, or bullous
      pemphigoid. Oral dapsone therapy gave the patient dramatic relief from the
      cutaneous lesions, although he was unable to tolerate extended treatment with the
      drug.

PMID- 6388509
TI  - UV-B phototherapy. An overview.
AB  - The medical uses of nonionizing electromagnetic radiation have changed over time
      with light source technology and research in photobiology. Multiple UV light
      phototherapy protocols have been developed. A discussion of the relative
      importance of light sources with respect to the action spectrum for psoriasis
      phototherapy, as well as the need for tar and other adjuvants, is important to
      the understanding of a comparison between various regimens. A number of skin
      conditions other than psoriasis are also responsive to UV light phototherapy.

PMID- 6388510
TI  - Urological diagnosis in utero.

PMID- 6388511
TI  - Ultrasonography of the pancreas, liver, and biliary system in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Abdominal ultrasound imaging was performed in 50 children. Thirty nine were
      proved to have cystic fibrosis while 11 had respiratory infections and thus acted
      as controls. The pancreas was abnormal in 75% of cystic fibrosis patients aged
      under 5 years and in 95% over 5 years. In cystic fibrosis patients over 5 years
      old who had malabsorption, the pancreas was abnormal in 100%. Abnormalities of
      the liver parenchyma were found in 23%, of the gallbladder in 24%, and
      splenomegaly in 8% of the cystic fibrosis patients.

PMID- 6388512
TI  - Management of fetal urinary tract anomalies detected by prenatal ultrasonography.
AB  - Over a three and a half year period 32 babies were referred with a urinary tract
      anomaly diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound. This diagnosis was subsequently
      confirmed in 19 infants by postnatal assessment. Three of 13 infants in whom the
      original diagnosis was incorrect were subsequently found to have intra-abdominal
      pathology but no urological anomaly, while the other 10 had lesions in the
      urinary tract but not those suggested prenatally. Nineteen of the 29 babies with
      urological abnormalities were clinically normal at birth; 20 underwent surgery.
      There were three deaths; two from a combination of renal and pulmonary failure
      secondary to posterior urethral valves, and a third (in an infant who had normal
      renal function) from diaphragmatic hernia and cardiac anomalies. Prenatal
      diagnosis was thought to have been of benefit in six patients, of probable
      benefit in 16, and of no benefit in seven.

PMID- 6388513
TI  - Factor V deficiency and antenatal intraventricular haemorrhage.
AB  - Serial obstetric ultrasound showed the development of asymmetrical ventricular
      dilatation between 28 and 32 weeks' gestation. After delivery at 38 weeks,
      progressive ventricular dilatation required a ventriculo-atrial shunt.
      Investigation of postoperative bleeding into the cerebral ventricles consistently
      showed factor V values of only two per cent.

PMID- 6388514
TI  - Technique-related variation in results of FANA tests.
AB  - We compared the reliability and reproducibility of three tests for fluorescent
      antinuclear antibodies (FANA) that are routinely performed in our laboratory.
      Sera from 72 patients, selected according to diagnosis (SLE in 28, RA in 12, and
      other connective-tissue diseases in 33), and from 32 healthy controls were tested
      with all three assays. There were wide variations between the results obtained
      with these tests. The variations did not reflect sensitivity or degree of
      standardisation (reproducibility on retesting was greater than 95%) and appeared
      to be inherent in the techniques. Clinicians should be aware of the technique
      related differences in FANA assays.

PMID- 6388515
TI  - Comparison of biopsy-proven Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in acquired immune
      deficiency syndrome patients and renal allograft recipients.
AB  - Pneumonia unresponsive to antibacterial agents in patients with acquired immune
      deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has become a new indication for lung biopsy. In 14
      patients, transbronchial or open-lung biopsy demonstrated Pneumocystis carinii.
      An additional 12 patients, who were immunosuppressed after renal transplantation,
      were seen with P. carinii pneumonia. The diagnosis was established by
      transbronchial biopsy in the majority of patients. All patients were treated
      initially with trimethoprim plus sulfamethoxazole. Pentamidine was added after
      diagnosis if improvement did not occur. Both groups demonstrated reversal in the
      T cell helper: suppressor ratio. We compared these two groups of
      immunocompromised patients with respect to clinical presentation, lung pathology,
      response to therapy, and survival. Patients with AIDS were seen with a two- to
      three-week prodrome of fever, lymphadenopathy, weight loss, and malaise followed
      by hypoxia and leukopenia within 12 hours. Transplant patients became acutely ill
      with fever and hypoxia within 24 to 36 hours. In both groups, chest roentgenogram
      showed bilateral diffuse infiltrates; sputum cultures were generally negative;
      and lung biopsy demonstrated Gomori-Jones periodic acid-methenamine-silver
      positive P. carinii. Mortality was substantially higher in patients with AIDS
      (50% versus 8%). This difference may be explained by the fact that the T cell
      defect in AIDS has an infectious cause, while the defect in the renal allograft
      recipient is pharmacologically mediated.

PMID- 6388516
TI  - Disadvantages of prostacyclin infusion during cardiopulmonary bypass: a double
      blind study of 50 patients having coronary revascularization.
AB  - Prostacyclin (PGI2) has been suggested for use in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)
      because of its positive effects on platelet number and function. Fifty patients
      who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting using a bubble oxygenator received
      heparin, 3 mg per kilogram of body weight, and then were randomly assigned to
      receive PGI2, 25 ng/kg/min, beginning 5 minutes before and until the end of CPB
      (26 patients) or a placebo (24 patients). Both groups were similar in sex, age,
      heparin dose, protamine dose, and CPB time. During CPB, mean arterial pressure
      fell significantly with PGI2 (76 +/- 2 mm Hg to 53 +/- 2 mm Hg; p less than 0.05)
      and necessitated pressor substances. Platelet counts fell significantly in both
      groups with the start of CPB, but after 60 minutes were similar in both groups
      (118 +/- 9 X 10(3) versus 130 +/- 8 X 10(3); not significant [NS]) and were
      unchanged 3 hours after CPB. Total chest tube output was 647 +/- 51 ml (placebo
      group) versus 576 +/- 34 ml (PGI2 group) (NS); 18 of the patients given PGI2
      required 26 transfusions compared with 16 transfusions in 8 of the patients given
      a placebo (p less than 0.05). In PGI2 patients, arterial oxygen tension on 100%
      oxygen fell from 281 +/- 18 mm Hg before CPB to 223 +/- 17 mm Hg immediately
      after CPB (p less than 0.05). The placebo patients did not show a change in this
      variable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6388518
TI  - [Atlas of bidimensional subdiaphragmatic echocardiography. Technics, anatomical
      planes and its interpretation].
AB  - The interpretation of the standard echocardiogram is difficult in patients with
      chest deformities or lung pathology. In these instances the sub-diaphragmatic
      approach yields better resolution of some structures. We discuss the techniques
      and the advantages of such approach.

PMID- 6388517
TI  - [Renovascular hypertension. Studies of 16 cases with long-term follow-up].
AB  - Surgical correction of renovascular hypertension was studied in 16 patients. In
      all the patients severe high blood pressure and stenosis of at least one renal
      artery was demonstrated; in 14 patients plasma renin activity (PRA) in renal
      veins and peripheral blood was measured. All cases were followed for 36 to 48
      months after surgical treatment. Blood pressure was normalized after surgical
      treatment (2 aortorenal bypasses, 2 nephrectomies and 7 autotransplants) in 7
      patients, all of them had hyperreninemia, hypersecretion from the stenotic kidney
      and suppression of the contralateral kidney. In one patient with stenosis of one
      renal artery, blood pressure was normalized after surgery, even though no
      alterations in renin secretion was demonstrated. Surgery (1 bypass, 2
      nephrectomies, 1 autotransplant and 1 aortorenal anastomosis) induced a decrease
      in blood pressure in five patients, all had normal PRA in peripheral blood and
      hypersecretion from the stenotic kidney. Three patients remained hypertensive in
      spite of nephrectomy of the stenotic kidney all had hyperreninemia without
      lateralization. In two patients renal failure was evident from the time they
      entered the study; both had hyperreninemia, lateralization and suppression of the
      contralateral kidney, one improved with nephrectomy of stenotic kidney and hemi
      nephrectomy of the contralateral and the other remained hypertensive after
      nephrectomy. The initial status of renin secretion has prognostic value for the
      response to surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension.

PMID- 6388519
TI  - [40th anniversary of the National Institute of Cardiology of Mexico].

PMID- 6388520
TI  - Changes in meal pattern and endogenous feeding related substances following
      mazindol administration.
AB  - In order to ascertain direct central anorectic actions of mazindol (MZD), subtle
      changes in meal patterns and endogenous feeding related chemical substances were
      examined in rats following intra-third ventricle injection of 0.03 mumole MZD. In
      ad lib feeding, MZD decreased meal size and prolonged postprandial intermeal
      interval during a 4 hr period starting 2 hr after injection. The magnitude of
      anorectic actions of MZD was depressed by hunger. Although the action of MZD is
      short in duration, long duration anorexia was achieved by chronic infusion for 8
      days. Infusion of MZD starting at 5:50 p.m. decreased plasma insulin, leaving
      glucose and glucagon unaffected, although no change in plasma glucose or insulin
      was observed following injection at 11:30 a.m. These findings, together with
      other reports, can be explained by MZD's direct effects on the hypothalamic
      hunger and satiation centers.

PMID- 6388521
TI  - Effect of diuretics on cardiopulmonary performance in severe chronic airflow
      obstruction. A controlled clinical trial.
AB  - In a randomized, controlled trial, ten patients with pulmonary heart disease due
      to severe chronic airflow obstruction were stratified into two groups: group 1
      had clinical features of congestive heart failure during respiratory failure and
      were regularly receiving diuretics; group 2 had no such clinical features and
      were not receiving diuretics. In group 1, when placebo was substituted for
      diuretics, pulmonary edema developed in three patients; exercise performance and
      ventricular function of the remaining two patients deteriorated. In group 2,
      there was no difference in exercise tolerance or ventricular function between
      placebo and diuretic therapy. The clinical deterioration in group 1 was related
      to abnormal left ventricular function. Thus, diuretics benefit only patients who
      have clinical features of congestive heart failure. In patients with isolated
      abnormal right ventricular function, diuretics may be harmful.

PMID- 6388522
TI  - [Gastroesophageal reflux after the surgical treatment of esophageal atresia].
AB  - The experience of the authors concerns 100 neonates treated for esophageal
      atresia between 1968 and 1980. A retrospective study of the sequelae observed in
      73 survivors (age 3 to 15 years) found 26 cases of gastroesophageal reflux. This
      study demonstrates a high incidence of reflux in children who initially presented
      with a fistula and long gap esophageal atresia. It also shows that chronic
      respiratory disorders are more frequent in these patients and that esophagitis is
      the principal factor leading to stricture of the anastomosis stubborn to
      dilatation. In 14 patients, the severity of the clinical and endoscopic symptoms
      justified a surgical antireflux procedure, the only guarantee of clinical and
      radiologic recovery, with long term confirmation in 9 patients.

PMID- 6388523
TI  - Methylphenidate effects on symptoms of attention deficit disorder in adults.
AB  - The objectives of this study were (1) to determine whether attention deficit
      disorder (ADD) is a specific diagnostic entity in adulthood; (2) to evaluate,
      using a double-blind crossover design, the efficacy of methylphenidate
      hydrochloride in adults with evidence of residual ADD with hyperactivity (ADD-H)
      (N = 26); and (3) to evaluate the specificity of drug response by also
      administering methylphenidate to patients with similar adult symptoms but no
      childhood history of ADD-H (N = 35). Results indicated success in differentiating
      relatively distinct groups. However, no overall benefit from methylphenidate was
      evident, regardless of childhood history of ADD-H. Approximately 25% of the
      sample appeared clinically to benefit from methylphenidate, but no clear-cut
      predictors of drug response were identified; history of drug abuse (polydrug)
      appeared to be the best predictor. Even among the responders, benefit was
      generally not as marked nor as clinically valuable as in childhood ADD-H.

PMID- 6388525
TI  - [On the 100th anniversary of Walter Friedrich and Robert Schroder].

PMID- 6388524
TI  - Treatment of bulimia with phenelzine. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
AB  - Twenty bulimic women of normal weight participated in a double-blind trial
      studying the effects of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). Nine women received
      phenelzine sulfate and 11 received placebo. Although phenelzine's side effects
      were a problem, the phenelzine-treated patients reported significantly fewer
      binges per week and had a lower Eating Attitudes Test score. Five of the nine
      phenelzine-treated patients ceased binging entirely and the other four reduced
      their binge frequency by at least 50%; none of the 11 placebo-treated patients
      stopped binging and only two reduced their binge frequency by 50% or more. These
      data demonstrate that phenelzine is significantly more effective than placebo in
      the treatment of bulimic women of normal weight and suggest a place for MAOIs in
      the treatment of bulimic patients capable of maintaining a tyramine-free diet.

PMID- 6388526
TI  - Co-storage of adrenaline and noradrenaline with Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 and
      Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 in chromaffin cells of hamster adrenal medulla.
AB  - The co-existence of catecholamines with opioid peptides in adult hamster adrenal
      chromaffin cells was studied by Sternberger's peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP)
      method. Paraffin embedded serial sections (3-4 microns thick) of adrenal glands
      perfusion-fixed with either Bouin's fluid or 4% paraformaldehyde solution were
      immunostained using anti-adrenaline (AP16-2), -noradrenaline (NAP1-18), -Met
      enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu: R-0171, NE2-206) and -Met
      enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 (Met-Enk-Arg-Phe: AP3-311) sera. Selective and specific
      immunostaining for adrenaline and noradrenaline was obtained in tissues fixed in
      4% paraformaldehyde solution. Bouin's fluid gave negative or unsatisfactory
      results. Immunostaining with two kinds of Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu (R-0171, NE2-206)
      and one kind of Met-Enk-Arg-Phe sera (AP3-311) was dependent upon the method of
      fixation used. The immunostaining in the Bouin-fixed tissues was stronger than
      that in the 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed ones. Secretory granules in chromaffin
      cells were responsible for both adrenaline- and noradrenaline-like and Met-Enk
      Arg-Gly-Leu- and Met-Enk-Arg-Phe-like immunoreactivities. All adrenaline-storing
      (A) and noradrenaline-storing (NA) cells showed intense Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu- and
      Met-Enk-Arg-Phe-like immunoreactivities. In the Bouin-fixed adrenal medulla,
      immunostaining of A cells with the two kinds of anti-Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu sera (R
      0171, NE2-206) was deeper than that of the NA cells. Immunostaining of A cells
      with the anti-Met-Enk-Arg-Phe serum (AP3-311) was apparently of the same
      intensity as that of NA cells. In 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed tissues, no
      correlation was seen between the distribution of A and NA cells and that of
      intensely and slightly Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu and Met-Enk-Arg-Phe immunopositive
      cells. The "masking" of immunoreactive residues in chromaffin granules by an
      aldehyde-noradrenaline complex may be one of the major causes of the decreased
      opioid peptide-like immunoreactivity in the 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed adrenal
      medulla.

PMID- 6388527
TI  - Transarticular fracture of the calcaneus. A technical note.
AB  - A detailed description of an extensile posterolateral approach for open
      reduction, grafting, and internal fixation of articular calcaneal fractures is
      presented. The graft is obtained through the same incision from the distal tibia.
      Internal lag screw fixation is combined with percutaneous axial pinning.
      Guidelines for prophylaxis of iatrogenic soft tissue complications are briefly
      discussed.

PMID- 6388528
TI  - Comparison of ultrasound and hepatobiliary imaging in the early detection of
      acute total common bile duct obstruction.
AB  - We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 17 selected patients who
      underwent hepatobiliary imaging studies using technetium Tc 99m iprofenin that
      demonstrated acute complete common bile duct obstruction, and who also had a
      temporally related ultrasonographic study of the hepatobiliary tree. We compared
      the accuracy of the two methods in the detection of common duct obstruction. The
      average duration of symptoms was 2.9 days. Serum bilirubin levels averaged 3.3
      mg/dL and the average alkaline phosphatase level was 336 mg/dL. The serum amylase
      level was elevated in only three patients. Ultrasonographic dilatation of the
      ductal structures was present in seven (41%) of 17 patients; 88% of the patients
      had other manifestations of gallbladder disease on ultrasonography--either
      cholelithiasis, dilatation of the gallbladder, or wall thickening. Of 15 patients
      who were operated on, 11 had stones impacted at the ampulla of Vater. There was a
      poor correlation of ultrasonographic ductal dilatation and operative findings of
      ductal dilatation. This study shows the superiority of nuclear imaging over
      ultrasonography in the early detection of acute, common bile duct obstruction.

PMID- 6388529
TI  - Intraoperative Doppler ultrasonographic localization of a colonic arteriovenous
      malformation.

PMID- 6388530
TI  - [Clinical studies on asthmatic children induced by Candida antigen].

PMID- 6388531
TI  - [The effect of ampicillin on the measurement of circulating immune complex by C1q
      solid-phase enzyme immunoassay].

PMID- 6388532
TI  - The effects of ultraviolet radiation on occupationally exposed workers.

PMID- 6388533
TI  - Biological effects of microwave radiation.

PMID- 6388534
TI  - [Various debatable positions in the doctrine of anthropogenesis in light of
      concepts concerning destabilizing selection and findings of modern
      paleoendocrinology (on the 100th anniversary of the birth of I. I.
      Shmal'gauzen)].

PMID- 6388535
TI  - [C. F. Wolff and his role in the history of embryology and anatomy (on the 250th
      anniversary of his birth)].

PMID- 6388536
TI  - [Topographo-anatomic characteristics of the arteries of the eye].

PMID- 6388537
TI  - [Ultrastructural classification of tumor cells (based on the example of human
      squamous cell lung cancer)].
AB  - Ultrastructural classification of tumour cells of human neoplasms is suggested on
      the basis of ultrastructural examination of 110 lung squamous cell carcinomas.
      All tumour cells may be subdivided into two groups: the tumour cells of the first
      group show the ultrastructural organ- and (or) tissue specific features; the
      tumour cells of the second group do not exhibit such features. The tumour cells
      of the 1st group may be represented by one, two or several different types. The
      tumour cells of both groups, depending on the intracellular organelles
      development, may belong to one of the following three types: 1) rich in
      organelles, 2) with moderate number of organelles and 3) poor in organelles. All
      the tumours on the whole should be divided into three varieties: the first
      variety--the number of the 1st group cells dominate; the second variety--the
      number of cells of the 1st and the 2nd group is the same; the third variety--the
      2nd group cells dominate. The structural-functional alterations of tumour cells
      (change of nuclei and other organelles) should be fixed in every case. The
      proposed classification reflects the diagnostic needs of electron microscopy.

PMID- 6388538
TI  - [Pathogenetic mechanisms of diabetic microangiopathy].
AB  - The metabolic disorders, hormonal, genetic, immunological, reological factors,
      plasmorrhagia, hypoxia result in the simultaneous or subsequent damage to small
      vessels and thus are involved in the development of the diabetic microangiopathy.
      The degree of microangiopathy depends on the duration and type of the disease.
      The normalization of metabolic, immune, reologic and other disorders as well as
      continuous dynamic follow-up of every patients are necessary for the prevention
      and treatment of the diabetic microangiopathy.

PMID- 6388539
TI  - Early diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis by cranial ultrasonography.

PMID- 6388540
TI  - A scanning electron microscopic and polarized light microscopic study of acid
      etching of caries-like lesions in human tooth enamel treated with sodium fluoride
      in vitro.
AB  - Types of etching patterns and histological appearances were examined in acid
      etched, NaF-treated caries-like lesions of enamel. Etching patterns similar to
      those for etched-sound enamel were found. Remineralization was limited to the
      surface zone and superficial portion of the body of the lesion following acid
      etching of NaF-treated caries-like lesions.

PMID- 6388541
TI  - Developmental changes of trypsin-like protease activity in the submandibular
      glands of male and female young growing rats.
AB  - The changes during infancy of trypsin-like protease activity in the submandibular
      glands of male and female rats (4-20 weeks of age) were observed. Activity was
      low at 4 weeks of age, then increased markedly at 8-10 weeks of age. Seven peaks
      (I-VII) with isoelectric points of 4.0, 4.3, 4.5, 5.0, 5.4, 5.7 and 6.4 of
      protease activity were observed in the glands of adult rats by isoelectric
      focusing. Only peaks I and II were detected in the glands at 4 weeks of age in
      both sexes. After 8 weeks, all 7 peaks appeared in the glands of males and
      females. Repeated injection of isoprenaline into rats of 7 weeks of age elevated
      markedly the weight of submandibular glands; the elevation of protease activity
      and of inhibitory activity against dopa-decarboxylase was not found. These
      results indicate that proteases in peaks I and II appear at an age close to that
      of development of acini; protease activity in peaks III-VII increases is close to
      the time of development of the granular ducts.

PMID- 6388542
TI  - Bacteriocin activity of the bacterium Bacterionema matruchotii isolated from
      dental plaque in man.
AB  - Production of bacteriocin by five strains of Bacterionema matruchotii isolated
      from dental plaque was confirmed. It was detected in the culture supernatant and
      inhibited the growth of various species of oral indigenous bacteria. The
      bacteriocin adsorbed only to sensitive cells.

PMID- 6388543
TI  - Corneal hematoma.
AB  - Two cases of corneal hematomas initially manifested as corneal blood staining,
      but were further complicated by the presence of persistent epithelial defects and
      stromal thinning. Both cases occurred following cataract surgery. Scanning
      electron and light microscopic examination in the second case demonstrated a loss
      of keratocytes, stromal collagen breakdown, and epithelial cell degeneration over
      the center of the hematoma. Large corneal hematomas may cause epithelial
      degeneration by functioning as barriers to nutrients and metabolic factors from
      the anterior chamber. Unlike corneal blood staining, conservative treatment is
      often insufficient therapy for corneal hematomas with associated persistent
      epithelial defects. Complications from epithelial defects, including corneal
      thinning, descemetocele, and perforation, may necessitate more aggressive
      treatment, even surgery. An epithelial defect overlying blood staining should
      suggest the presence of a corneal hematoma.

PMID- 6388544
TI  - Refractive keratoplasty. Keratophakia in a nonhuman primate.
AB  - We performed 11 keratophakia procedures in a baboon (Papio cynocephalus) model
      using the same instruments and techniques that are presently clinically employed.
      We requested 10 diopters of correction in nine cases and 14 D in two cases. We
      were able to achieve a mean (+/- SD) keratometric steepening correction of 5.8 +/
      1.5 D using fresh and 9.3 +/- 5.0 D using prefrozen donor corneas. The overall
      change was 8.0 +/- 4.3 D. Morphologic results and corneal clarity were consistent
      with the excellent clinical results. The keratophakia lenticles were sparsely
      repopulated with keratocytes up to six months following surgery, but at 12
      months, partial keratocyte repopulation of one lenticle did occur. We recommend
      that the baboon model be used for evaluation of all lamellar refractive surgical
      procedures.

PMID- 6388545
TI  - Dame Ida Caroline Mann (1893-1983).

PMID- 6388546
TI  - The surgical treatment of Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 6388547
TI  - Trypanosoma lewisi: the effect of thymectomy on the production of ablastin and
      the termination of the parasitaemia in infected rats.
AB  - This study investigated the effect of the depletion of T lymphocytes on the
      production of ablastin and the termination of the parasitaemias in Porton strain
      rats infected with Trypanosoma lewisi. Weanling rats were thymectomised or sham
      thymectomised and then X-irradiated. After allowing 96 days for recovery from
      these procedures the rats were infected with T. lewisi. The rats were considered
      to be T lymphocyte depleted if they were unable to mount an antibody response to
      sheep red blood cells before the infection, a delayed type hypersensitivity
      response to trypanosomal antigen after they had cleared the infection, and if
      they succumbed to subsequent challenge with an intracellular bacterial parasite,
      Salmonella typhimurium C5. The T lymphocyte depleted rats were found to have no
      macroscopic thymus remnants visible at autopsy. The sham-thymectomised and
      unoperated control rats retained all the T lymphocyte functions tested for. There
      was no difference between the control and the T lymphocyte depleted rats in the
      ability to eliminate the parasite following infection with T. lewisi. Ablastin
      titres in the serum, measured by a sensitive in vitro assay, were found to be the
      same in each of the groups of rats tested, regardless of their T lymphocyte
      status. It is concluded that T lymphocytes are not essential for rats to
      eliminate a T. lewisi infection, nor for the production of ablastin.

PMID- 6388548
TI  - The effect of purine and pyrimidine bases on splenic plaque-forming cells and
      cellular immunity.
AB  - The effects of a variety of purine and pyrimidine bases on splenic plaque-forming
      cells and cellular immunity in mice are presented. The antibody-forming plaque
      cells were measured in spleens of female C57/B1 mice by the Jerne plaque method
      using sheep red blood cells as the antigen. Bases were given on days 0 and 1 at
      doses varying from 2 to 200 mumoles per mouse and the antigen was given on day 0;
      the antibody response was measured on day 4. Cell-mediated immunity was measured
      by the survival of 1 cm2 skin allografts transplanted across an H-2
      histocompatibility barrier in female mice from C57/B1 donors to Balb/c
      recipients. For the plaque assay, adenine given at 25 and 50 mumoles/mouse and
      adenosine at 100 mumoles/mouse, resulted in significant 7 to 14-fold
      immunosuppression. Adenosine at 25 and 50 mumoles/mouse and guanosine and
      hypoxanthine at 100 mumoles/mouse resulted in an approximate 2-fold
      immunoenhancement. 2'-Deoxyadenosine, inosine, guanine, 2'-deoxyguanosine and the
      pyrimidines cytosine, cytidine, 2'-deoxycytidine, 2'-deoxythymidine and uridine
      all given at 100 mumoles/mouse and orotic acid given at 25 mumoles/mouse had no
      significant effects on the plaque response; orotic acid at a dose of 50
      mumoles/mouse was lethally toxic to mice. In the primary immune response adenine
      was immunosuppressive at day 4, but significantly immunoenhancing at days 7 and
      11. In the secondary response, adenine was immunosuppressive up to day 3 of the
      IgG and IgM responses; however, immunoenhancement occurred at day 4 (IgM) and day
      5 (IgG). In the cell-mediated immune response, adenine at doses of 25 and 50
      mumoles/mouse resulted in a significant 40% increase in the survival of skin
      allografts across an H-2 histocompatibility barrier.

PMID- 6388549
TI  - Use of an intravenous sodium load in screening for primary hyperaldosteronism.
AB  - A sodium loading test was performed in 35 patients presenting with hypertension
      and hypokalemia. In 14 of these patients, intravenous administration of 0.9%
      saline (2 l in 4 h) on two consecutive days caused urinary aldosterone excretion
      to fall to values within the range for normal volunteers. The other 21 patients,
      in whom urinary aldosterone excretion did not decline following two days of
      saline loading, or in whom pronounced hypokalemia after the first day of loading
      precluded further saline infusion, were designated as having primary
      aldosteronism. Seventeen of this group underwent surgery and discrete adrenal
      adenomas were found in 16. When serum potassium concentration, plasma renin
      activity or the relationships of serum potassium to concurrent urinary potassium
      excretion or of urinary aldosterone excretion to plasma renin activity were used
      as alternative diagnostic criteria for primary aldosteronism, overlapping of the
      two groups occurred. It is concluded that measurement of urinary aldosterone
      excretion after intravenous sodium loading is a useful test in the test in the
      identification of primary aldosteronism due to aldosterone-producing adenoma. In
      this series the saline loading test was more specific in diagnosis than criteria
      based on serum and urinary potassium, plasma renin activity or unsuppressed
      aldosterone excretion.

PMID- 6388550
TI  - Culture negative infective endocarditis.
AB  - Twenty cases of culture negative infective endocarditis admitted to the
      Cardiology Department of Green Lane Hospital from 1959 to 1980 out of a total of
      265 cases (7.5%), were analysed retrospectively. Cases were included only when
      adequate proof of endocarditis was available at surgery or postmortem.
      Indiscriminate use of antibiotics before taking blood cultures was the most
      common association with failure to obtain positive cultures, seen in 16 of the 20
      patients described. Failure to obtain positive cultures in four cases was
      attributed to inadequate bacteriologic techniques before 1967. Where no
      antibiotics were given prior to collecting blood cultures and bacteriologic
      techniques were adequate, proven culture negative endocarditis was virtually
      unknown. When antibiotics have been given, repeated blood cultures are
      recommended following withdrawal of antibiotic for at least four days.

PMID- 6388551
TI  - Intrauterine devices and pelvic inflammatory disease.
AB  - There is convincing clinical evidence that PID is more common in IUD users than
      in users of other contraceptive methods. There appears to be a smaller but
      significant increase when IUDs are compared with sexually active noncontraceptive
      users. However, the incidence of PID severe enough to warrant hospitalization is
      only of the order of 1 to 2 per 1,000 women per year. The question which remains
      is whether beyond this low figure of moderate and severe disease there is a much
      higher incidence of subclinical PID which may result in complications for IUD
      users. Development of a marker such as C-Reactive protein or the split complement
      component C3d to detect mild PID would prove invaluable in the elucidation of
      several crucial problems in the clinical management of women using IUDs.

PMID- 6388552
TI  - Gynaecological cancer--is current staging practice outmoded?

PMID- 6388553
TI  - Is it possible to determine the extent of gynaecological malignancy by
      noninvasive methods?

PMID- 6388554
TI  - Radiotherapy and its integration into the management of advanced gynaecological
      cancer.

PMID- 6388555
TI  - The rise of the caesarean section: a review.
AB  - Caesarean section is of recent development as a credible procedure. A rapidly
      increasing incidence in many countries has led to a far-ranging concern. Proposed
      causes for the increase include insistence on repeat operations and a resultant
      cumulative effect, more frequent diagnoses of disproportion and ineffective
      labour, the use of fetal heart monitoring, and a steady trend away from vaginal
      breech delivery. Increased perinatal morbidity is seen in Caesarean section,
      together with a qualified increase in perinatal mortality. Maternal morbidity is
      greater and maternal death rates are reportedly 2-4 times greater in Caesarean
      section births. More work is needed on the psychosocial sequelae of abdominal
      delivery.

PMID- 6388556
TI  - Acute severe hypertension in pregnancy.
AB  - Acute severe hypertension is a significant cause of fetal and maternal morbidity
      and mortality. The rationale for treatment and the various modes of management
      are reviewed. The importance of timely delivery is stressed.

PMID- 6388557
TI  - Observations of fetal lung reflectivity using real-time ultrasound.
AB  - The ultrasonic appearance of the fetal lung alters as pregnancy progresses and
      this is expressed as increased reflectivity to ultrasound. Evidence is presented
      that demonstrates that these changes can be induced and that they may reflect
      increasing lung maturity.

PMID- 6388558
TI  - Current views on the concept of pelvic inflammatory disease.

PMID- 6388559
TI  - 1984 Bauer lecture. The space station--mankind's permanent presence in space.
AB  - The Space Station is a means of furthering mankind's investigation of space and
      studying his responses to long-duration residency in the environs of space and
      weightlessness. The historical development of the NASA Space Station is reviewed
      from President Reagan's announcement of this as a new national commitment. The
      very tenuous history of the Space Station and it's course through
      technical/political reviews is the text of this Lecture.

PMID- 6388560
TI  - Genetic considerations in the effects of ethanol in mice. II. A trans-acting
      inducibility regulator(s) affecting alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity.
AB  - The inducibility of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) has been recognized in different
      systems including maize, Drosophila, and mice. Our earlier results showed strain
      specific ADH responses to chronic ethanol administration relative to matched
      littermate controls in mice. For this study we used two strains which showed
      "induction" (BALB/c and S.W.) and two strains which showed "repression" (C57BL/6J
      and 129/ReJ) to produce three sets of F1 hybrids and their reciprocals and one
      set (BALB/c X C57BL/6J) of recombinant inbred (RI) lines. The ADH properties of
      the resulting genotypes were again evaluated following 15% ethanol treatment in
      drinking water (2 weeks) in relation to their littermate matched controls in
      replicated trials. Our F1 results suggest complete dominance for induction over
      repression at the phenotypic level, and the two repressed strains showed
      complementation. No significant differences were observed in the reciprocal F1's
      and all pairs of a given genotype-treatment combination yielded consistent
      results. The 1:1 segregation of RI lines suggests a single gene difference for
      ADH inducibility between BALB/c and C57BL/6J. These findings suggest the presence
      of a trans-acting inducibility regulator(s) for ADH which may or may not
      represent a single locus. Variability for such regulatory elements may provide an
      explanation for the commonly observed individual differences in natural
      populations for response to alcohol including alcohol metabolism.

PMID- 6388561
TI  - Catalytic properties of alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes specified by duplicate
      genes in the diploid plant Stephanomeria exigua.
AB  - The alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isozymes induced in flooded roots of the diploid
      plant Stephanomeria exigua are specified by tightly linked genes comprising a
      complex locus, Adh1. Individuals homozygous for a complex with two active genes
      which specify electrophoretically different subunits have three ADH-1 isozymes,
      two intragenic homodimers and an intergenic heterodimer. Individual isozymes were
      partially purified from plants homozygous for several different Adh1 complexes
      and apparent Km values for acetaldehyde, ethanol, NAD, and NADH and responses to
      temperature, pH, and two different alcohols were determined. The two homodimeric
      enzymes specified by a particular Adh1 complex generally differed in one or more
      of the properties studied, and in three of four cases, intergenic heterodimers
      differed significantly from intermediacy, often having lower Km values than
      either homodimer. None of the isozymes studied could be considered greatly
      divergent or defective. Constraints on evolution of duplicate genes which form
      intergenic heterodimers are considered.

PMID- 6388562
TI  - Genetic structure of natural populations of the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus
      viridescens.
AB  - Genetic variation is described at 15 loci in 2 neotenic and 12 nonneotenic
      populations of red-spotted newts. Though high levels of genetic similarity (I =
      0.990) were found among all populations, allele frequencies at six of the eight
      most polymorphic loci show significant heterogeneity across populations. Change
      in allele frequencies at two of these loci (Pep-2 and Ldh-1) is significantly
      correlated with latitude. Interspecific homologies are established for newt
      peptidases based on substrate specificities and lactate dehydrogenases based on
      tissue distribution, thermal stability, and kinetic properties. Nonneotenic
      populations are highly variable (H = 0.157) and neotenic populations are only
      slightly, but significantly, less variable (H = 0.120). The high levels of
      heterozygosity detected in nonneotenic populations may result from large
      effective population size and/or environmental heterogeneity. The unexpectedly
      high heterozygosity values obtained for the neotenic populations may indicate
      adult dispersal or the presence of some previously undetected red efts at these
      localities. In any case, a major change in life history has apparently had little
      effect on the genetic structure of these populations.

PMID- 6388563
TI  - Distorted segregation and linkage of alcohol dehydrogenase genes in Camellia
      japonica L. (Theaceae).
AB  - Alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes in Camellia japonica are encoded by two genes, Adh
      1 and Adh-2. Both loci are expressed in seeds, and their products randomly
      associate into intragenic and intergenic dimers. Electrophoresis of leaf extracts
      reveals only the products of Adh-2. Formal genetic analysis indicated that the
      two Adh loci are tightly linked (combined estimate of r = 0.004). Most
      segregations fit expected Mendelian ratios, but in some families distorted
      segregation was observed at Adh-1, Adh-2, or both loci. The deficient progeny
      class varied across families, and in two apparent back-crosses three rather than
      two phenotypic classes were recovered. The mechanism underlying these distortions
      is not known, but evidence is presented that suggests that the phenomenon is
      genic or segmental in nature. Plausible hypotheses include linkage of the Adh
      structural genes with a gametophytic self-incompatibility locus, translocation
      heterozygosity involving the segment bearing Adh-1 and Adh-2, or a combination of
      these two mechanisms.

PMID- 6388564
TI  - Inhibition of cysteine proteinases and dipeptidyl peptidase I by egg-white
      cystatin.
AB  - The interactions between egg-white cystatin and the cysteine proteinases papain,
      human cathepsin B and bovine dipeptidyl peptidase I were studied. Cystatin was
      shown to be a competitive reversible inhibitor of cathepsin B (Ki 1.7 nM, k-1
      about 2.3 X 10(-3) s-1). The inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase I was shown to be
      reversible (Ki(app.) 0.22 nM, k-1 about 2.2 X 10(-3) s-1). Cystatin bound papain
      too tightly for Ki to be determined, but an upper limit of 5 pM was estimated.
      The association was a second-order process, with k+1 1.0 X 10(7) M-1 X s-1.
      Papain was shown to form equimolar complexes with cystatin. Sodium dodecyl
      sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of complexes formed between papain or
      cathepsin B and an excess of cystatin showed no peptide bond cleavage after
      incubation for 72 h. The reaction of the active-site thiol group of papain with
      5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) at pH 8 and 2,2'-dithiobispyridine at pH 4
      was blocked by complex-formation. Dipeptidyl peptidase I and papain were found to
      compete for binding to cystatin, contrary to a previous report. The two major
      isoelectric forms of cystatin were found to have similar specific inhibitory
      activities for papain, and similar affinities for papain, cathepsin B and
      dipeptidyl peptidase I. This, together with specific oxidation of the N-terminal
      serine residue with periodate, showed the N-terminal amino group of cystatin 1 to
      be unimportant for inhibition. General citraconylation of amino groups resulted
      in a large decrease in the affinity of cystatin for dipeptidyl peptidase I. It is
      concluded that the interaction of cystatin with cysteine proteinases has many
      characteristics similar to those of an inhibitor such as aprotinin with serine
      proteinases.

PMID- 6388565
TI  - Insulin-responsive cultured foetal-rat hepatocytes. Their preparation and
      characterization.
AB  - An improved non-perfusion method for the preparation of cultured foetal-rat
      hepatocytes is described. Digestion of the liver with collagenase and
      deoxyribonuclease I gave yields of 40 X 10(6) hepatocytes/g of liver. The plating
      efficiency of hepatocytes in medium with 10 microM-cortisol was 50%. Cell
      morphology and metabolism were maintained through 3 days of monolayer culture,
      with minimal contamination by haematopoietic cells or fibroblasts. The cultured
      cells bound and degraded 125I-insulin in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The
      estimated ED50 for competitive binding at 37 degrees C was 1.1 nM. Curvilinear
      Scatchard plots were observed, with estimates of 16 500 high-affinity sites (Kd =
      813 pM) and 53 000 low-affinity sites (Kd = 23 nM) per cell. The cultured cells
      demonstrated a glycogenic response to insulin, with an estimated ED50 of 120 pM.
      The degree of glycogenic response to insulin varied with time in culture: 500%
      above basal on day 1, 200% on day 2, and only 150% on day 3. Cultured foetal
      cells also exhibited a time-dependent uptake of 2-aminoisobutyric acid, which, in
      contrast with previous reports with adult cells, was not stimulated by the
      presence of 10 nM-insulin. Cultured foetal hepatocytes may provide an interesting
      model with which to study the relationship between insulin-receptor binding and
      insulin action.

PMID- 6388566
TI  - Insulin-like growth factor characteristics of an acidic non-suppressible insulin
      like activity.
AB  - The biological activities of an acidic form of non-suppressible insulin-like
      activity (ILA pI 4.8) have been studied. ILA pI 4.8 was isolated from Cohn
      fraction IV-1 of human serum by pH 5.5 ion-exchange chromatography on SP
      Sephadex. Carrier-bound ILA was eluted at pH 9.7 and then sequentially gel
      chromatographed in 1% formic acid on Sephadex G-75 and Bio-Gel P-30. The low-Mr
      (7000) active material was subjected to flat bed isoelectric focusing. Overall
      recovery was 87 munit of insulin equivalents/100 g of Cohn fraction IV-1, with a
      specific activity in the range 4-10 munit/mg of protein, representing a purity of
      1-6%. This material has been tested in a variety of insulin-like growth factor
      (IGF)/somatomedin assay systems. It stimulated, in a dose-related manner,
      [14C]glucose conversion into lipid by isolated rat adipocytes, 35SO4(2-)
      incorporation into weanling rat costal cartilage and [3H]thymidine incorporation
      into DNA of cultured human fibroblasts. Like IGF-I and -II, ILA pI 4.8 was able
      to inhibit degradation of 125I-insulin by crude homogenates of rat liver. In
      addition, the biological activity of ILA pI 4.8 was completely suppressible by a
      recently described inhibitor of IGF-I and IGF-II. ILA pI 4.8 was able to compete,
      in a parallel manner, with 125I-IGF-I and 125I-IGF-II and, at higher doses, with
      125I-insulin in a placental radioreceptor assay. No cross-reactivity was seen in
      a radioimmunoassay for IGF-I and -II C-peptides, but at higher concentrations
      parallel displacement was observed in a somatomedin C/IGF-I radioimmunoassay
      using two different antisera. These data indicate that ILA pI 4.8 does possess
      many of the biological activities previously reported for the IGFs. Since ILA pI
      4.8 does occur naturally in serum, it would appear reasonable to tentatively
      include it as one of the IGF/somatomedin family.

PMID- 6388567
TI  - Proteolytic conversion of insulin-like growth factors to an acidic form(s).
AB  - The relative amounts of the various forms of bioassayable insulin-like growth
      factors (IGF) isolated from human serum or serum fraction Cohn IV-1 depend on the
      purification procedure. With acid gel filtration or acid/ethanol extraction as
      the initial step, IGF-II (pI approximately 6.5) was the most abundant (40-70%)
      followed by somatomedin A (pI approximately 7.4; 15-23%), an acidic form of
      insulin-like activity (ILA pI 4.8) (13-21%) and IGF-I (pI approximately 8.5; 5
      27%). If, however, pH 5.5 ion-exchange chromatography on SP-Sephadex was used
      prior to acid gel filtration, the acidic pI 4.8 form was the major (greater than
      90%) species recovered and was accompanied by a quantitative loss of the other
      IGF species. This suggested a possible conversion of IGF-I, somatomedin A and/or
      IGF-II to the acidic ILA pI 4.8 form(s) during the SP-Sephadex procedure. Further
      experiments indicated that differences in the yields of ILA pI 4.8 were not due
      simply to differences in the initial pH conditions of the various methods (i.e.
      acid versus neutral), although exposure to pH 9.7 (a pH experienced during
      elution of IGF activity from the SP-Sephadex) did appear to play a role. The
      involvement of the carrier protein in the conversion process was tested by
      subjecting carrier-free IGF-I and IGF-II to the SP-Sephadex procedure. No
      conversion of the free forms to ILA pI 4.8 occurred. To examine the possible role
      of proteinase in the conversion of IGFs to ILA pI 4.8, SP-Sephadex chromatography
      was performed in the presence of a broad spectrum proteinase inhibitor. The IGF
      distribution pattern obtained closely resembled the 'normal' pattern seen with
      acid gel filtration, indicating that proteinase inactivation had prevented
      conversion to ILA pI 4.8. These data suggest that proteolytic conversion of IGF
      I, somatomedin A and IGF-II to more acidic ILA pI 4.8 form(s) (i) occurs during
      SP-Sephadex chromatography, (ii) is not prevented simply by prior acid exposure,
      and (iii) takes place only when IGF-I and -II are in their high-Mr carrier-bound
      forms. Since IGF-I and IGF-II, although homologous, have unique amino acid
      sequences, the conversion of both IGFs implies that at least two acidic ILA forms
      exist. Nevertheless, because ILA pI 4.8 retains the full spectrum of IGF
      bioactivities in vitro, and significant quantities are present in normal human
      serum (21%), it would suggest that proteolytic conversion of IGF-I, somatomedin A
      and IGF-II to ILA pI 4.8 in vivo may be a physiologically significant event.

PMID- 6388568
TI  - Regulation of lactating-rat mammary-gland lipogenesis by insulin and glucagon in
      vivo. The role and site of action of insulin in the transition to the starved
      state.
AB  - Starvation for 6h and 24h caused an 80% and 95% decrease in the rate of mammary
      gland lipogenesis respectively in conscious lactating rats. 2. Plasma insulin
      concentrations decreased and circulating ketone-body concentrations increased
      with the length of starvation. 3. The inhibition of lipogenesis after 24h
      starvation was accompanied by increased concentrations of glucose, glucose 6
      phosphate and citrate in the mammary gland. Qualitatively similar changes were
      observed after 6h starvation. 4. Infusion of insulin at physiological
      concentrations caused a 100% increase in the rate of lipogenesis in fed animals
      and partially reversed the inhibition of lipogenesis caused by starvation. 5.
      Infusion of insulin tended to reverse the changes seen in intracellular
      metabolite concentrations. 4. Infusion of glucagon into fed rats caused no change
      in the rates of lipogenesis in mammary gland, liver or white adipose tissue. 7.
      It is concluded that (a) insulin acts physiologically to regulate lipogenesis in
      the mammary gland, (b) hexokinase and phosphofructokinase are important
      regulatory enzymes in the short-term control of lipogenesis in the mammary gland,
      which are under the influence of insulin, and (c) the unresponsiveness of mammary
      gland lipogenesis in vivo to infusions of glucagon is consistent with an adaptive
      mechanism which diverts substrate towards the lactating mammary gland and away
      from other tissues.

PMID- 6388569
TI  - Effects of monensin on metabolism of isolated rat islets of Langerhans.
AB  - Monensin, a univalent ionophore, is a carboxylic acid produced by Streptomyces
      cinnamonensis. It will complex various alkali-metal ions, but most readily binds
      Na+. Because of interest in the possible role of Na+ in the regulation of insulin
      secretion, we examined its effects on several aspects of the metabolism of
      isolated rat islets of Langerhans. The ionophore inhibited glucose-stimulated
      insulin release in a concentration-dependent manner, completely inhibiting
      secretion evoked by 20 mM-glucose at concentrations as low as 0.1 microM in
      static incubations. In perifusion experiments, both phases of insulin release
      were equally affected. Monensin (0.1 microM) had no significant effect on glucose
      oxidation as measured by the generation of 14CO2 from [14C]glucose. Monensin
      increased the rate of 22Na+ efflux from preloaded islets and net 22Na+ uptake
      over 30 min, in the absence of changes in islet volume or extracellular space.
      The ionophore increased the Rb+/K+ permeability of islet cells, as shown by its
      inhibition of 86Rb+ retention and stimulation of 86Rb+ efflux. At 0.1 microM,
      monensin abolished glucose-stimulated 45Ca2+ uptake by islets during 5 min
      incubations, and stimulated 45Ca2+ efflux from preloaded islets perifused with
      Ca2+-free medium, even in the complete absence of extracellular Na+. Studies of
      the uptake of 14C-labelled 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione showed that 0.1
      microM-monensin increased net intracellular pH from 7.05 to 7.13. 7 Monensin has
      widespread, complex, effects on the secretory responses and ion handling by the B
      cells, which are difficult to interpret in terms solely of actions as a Na+
      ionophore.

PMID- 6388570
TI  - Hexose metabolism in pancreatic islets. Inhibition of hexokinase.
AB  - In islet homogenates, hexokinase-like activity (Km 0.05 mM; Vmax. 1.5 pmol/min
      per islet) accounts for the major fraction of glucose phosphorylation. Yet the
      rate of glycolysis in intact islets incubated at low glucose concentrations (e.g.
      1.7 mM) sufficient to saturate hexokinase only represents a minor fraction of the
      glycolytic rate observed at higher glucose concentrations. This apparent
      discrepancy between enzymic and metabolic data may be attributable, in part at
      least, to inhibition of hexokinase in intact islets. Hexokinase, which is present
      in both islet and purified B-cell homogenates, is indeed inhibited by glucose 6
      phosphate (Ki 0.13 mM) and glucose 1,6-bisphosphate (Ki approx. 0.2 mM), but not
      by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. In intact islets, the steady-state content of
      glucose 6-phosphate (0.26-0.79 pmol/islet) and glucose 1,6-bisphosphate (5-48
      fmol/islet) increases, in a biphasic manner, at increasing concentrations of
      extracellular glucose (up to 27.8 mM). From these measurements and the
      intracellular space of the islets, it was estimated that the rate of glucose
      phosphorylation as catalysed by hexokinase represents, in intact islets, no more
      than 12-24% of its value in islet homogenates.

PMID- 6388571
TI  - Nucleotide sequence encoding the iron-sulphur protein subunit of the succinate
      dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of a 961 base-pair segment of DNA containing the sdhB
      gene, which encodes the iron-sulphur protein subunit of the E. coli succinate
      dehydrogenase, has been determined. The sdhB structural gene comprises 711 base
      pairs (237 codons, excluding the translational initiator and terminator). It is
      separated by a 15 base-pair intergenic region from the preceding flavoprotein
      gene (sdhA) and is the distal gene of an operon that also includes genes (sdhC
      and D) encoding two hydrophobic subunits, sdhCDAB. The distal end of the sdh
      operon is linked to the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase gene (sucA) by a complex
      region of dyad symmetry that is homologous with several potential intercistronic
      regulatory elements or transcriptional attenuators. The sdhB structural gene
      encodes a polypeptide of Mr26637 that is strikingly homologous with the iron
      sulphur protein subunit of fumarate reductase (38% identity, increasing to 58%
      when conservative changes are included). Both subunits contain 11 cysteine
      residues, 10 being conserved in three clusters resembling those found in
      ferredoxins. This work completes the sequence of a 9897 base-pair segment of DNA
      containing seven tricarboxylic acid cycle genes encoding three enzymes or enzyme
      complexes, citrate synthase (gltA), succinate dehydrogenase (sdh), and the 2
      oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (suc), that are organized thus: gltA-sdhCDAB
      sucAB.

PMID- 6388572
TI  - Effect of Bordetella pertussis toxin on ADP-ribosylation of membrane proteins,
      adenylate cyclase activity and insulin release in rat pancreatic islets.
AB  - Exposure of rat pancreatic islet membranes to [alpha-32P]-NAD+ in the presence of
      Bordetella Pertussis toxin (islet-activating protein) reveals the ADP
      ribosylation of a peptide with a Mr close to 41 kDa, which corresponds to the
      alpha-subunit of the guanine nucleotide regulatory protein Ni. Islets removed
      from rats pretreated with the Bordetella Pertussis toxin display a specific
      increase in adenylate cyclase responsiveness to GTP and are characterized by a
      resistance to the inhibitory action of alpha2-adrenergic agonists upon either
      adenylate cyclase activity or glucose-induced insulin release.

PMID- 6388574
TI  - GnRH secreting cultured fetal rat hypothalamic cells do not degrade GnRH.
AB  - The possible degradation of GnRH in the hypothalamus was investigated. Rat fetal
      hypothalamic cells were kept in culture for two weeks and basal and stimulated
      GnRH release was measured by highly sensitive RIA. These intact hypothalamic
      cells did not degrade GnRH during 4 hours of incubation, but a 50% degradation
      occurred after 24 hours incubation followed by HPLC using specifically tritium
      labeled GnRH or RIA. The rate of degradation or the kinetic of degradation did
      not change by increasing GnRH concentration in the medium or by mechanical
      instead of enzymatic dispersion of the cells. For comparison GnRH degradation in
      homogenized hypothalamic tissue and in synaptosomal preparation was measured and
      rapid degradation was found. Our results suggest that intact hypothalamic cells
      under physiological circumstances do not degrade extracellular GnRH.

PMID- 6388573
TI  - The isolation and purification of two anionic endothelial cell growth factors
      from human brain.
AB  - Two anionic polypeptides which stimulate the proliferation of human umbilical
      vein endothelial cells have been isolated and purified to homogeneity from human
      brain using heparin affinity chromatography. The molecular weights of the
      polypeptides are 18,500 and 19,300; the isoelectric point for both polypeptides
      is at pH 5.2. The purified polypeptides differed in their ability to stimulate
      human endothelial cell growth. The half maximal activities observed for the 18.5
      and 19.3 kilodalton polypeptides were at concentrations of 10.0 ng/ml and 0.9
      ng/ml respectively.

PMID- 6388575
TI  - Covalent binding of the antitumor agent N2-methyl-9-hydroxy-ellipticinium acetate
      (NSC 264137) on RNA and poly A in vitro.
AB  - The antineoplastic compound N2-methyl-9-hydroxyellipticinium (9-OH-NME) is able
      to bind to different biological molecules after an oxidative activation by
      horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide. In this study, the efficient
      covalent binding in vitro of 9-OH-NME onto RNA and poly A is described. The
      phenomenon is analyzed by different HPLC methods and the yield of binding is
      determined using [3H]9-OH-NME. For an initial ratio drug per nucleotide of 0.07,
      the rb obtained (ratio of drug bound per nucleotide) of 0.026 for RNA and 0.044
      for poly A, which represent respectively a yield of 40% and 60% for the drug
      fixation onto these macromolecules. These facts demonstrate the high
      electrophilicity of para-quinone-imine derivatives in ellipticinium series.

PMID- 6388576
TI  - Lack of detectable polyamines in an extremely halophilic bacterium.
AB  - Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine and other analogs) were not
      detectable by the dansylation procedure coupled with HPLC analysis in an
      extremely halophilic bacterium, Halobacterium halobium. Based on the detection
      limit of this analytical method, we estimated that the polyamine content in H.
      halobium, if present, was less than 0.06% of that of E. coli. Putrescine uptake
      and the metabolic conversion of ornithine or arginine to polyamines were
      negligible in this bacterium. In a H. halobium cell-free extract, a saturated
      amount of KC1 was needed for poly(U) directed polyphenylalanine synthesis;
      neither putrescine nor spermidine could replace KC1. These results suggest that
      polyamines may play an insignificant role in the growth of this halophilic
      bacterium.

PMID- 6388577
TI  - Recognition site of yeast glutathione reductase for 2'-phosphate of NADP+.
AB  - Phenyl glyoxal in borate buffer specifically inactivates the NADPH-linked
      activity of yeast glutathione reductase. While NAD+ is ineffective, NADP+
      prevents the enzyme from inactivation, and in the process, protects two arginine
      residues from glyoxalation. These two arginine residues presumably function as
      the recognition site for the anionic 2'-phosphate group of NADP+.

PMID- 6388578
TI  - Insulin decreases apical cell membrane resistance in cultured kidney cells (A6).
AB  - Intracellular potentials measured across the apical and basolateral cell
      membranes of cultured renal A6 cells were -53.5 +/- 1.5 and -48.7 +/- 1.3 mV,
      respectively, (19 measurements) and did not significantly change after insulin
      treatment. Analysis based on an equivalent circuit indicates that the resistances
      of the apical cell membrane and of the transcellular pathway decrease after
      insulin treatment to 36 +/- 6 and 42 +/- 6% of the control value respectively (7
      measurements). Thus, the decrease in transcellular resistance which accompanies
      an increase in transcellular Na transport after insulin treatment appears to be
      connected with a commensurate decrease in apical cell membrane resistance.

PMID- 6388579
TI  - Insulin and glucagon's reciprocal mediation of a dual regulation mechanism for
      pyruvate kinase.
AB  - The addition of glucagon to hepatocytes in primary culture produced a rapid and
      sustained increase in the Km (1.27 mM phosphoenol pyruvate) of pyruvate kinase.
      The low Km (0.4 mM) form of the enzyme was seen when cells were retreated with
      insulin, demonstrating a short-term regulation mechanism. Injections of insulin,
      glucagon or glucagon followed by insulin demonstrated that a similar mechanism
      occurs in vivo. Results from longer times after injection indicated that another
      mechanism occurs when altered activity was the result of changes in V max and not
      Km. Thus, a dual mechanism for regulation of pyruvate kinase occurs. A rapid
      responding system functions by modification of the enzyme, while a long-term
      system functions by altering the rate of synthesis, thus changing the amount of
      enzyme present.

PMID- 6388580
TI  - Effect of chronic phenobarbital treatment on folates and one-carbon enzymes in
      the rat.
AB  - Chronic oral phenobarbital treatment (50 mg/kg every 12 hr for 8 weeks), which
      was nontoxic and continuously protective against seizures in rats, significantly
      decreased folate concentration in liver (29%) but not in brain or plasma. The
      apparent activity of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTR) in liver
      decreased with initiation of treatment but then increased with a significant
      correlation to the length of treatment. Phenobarbital also stimulated the
      activity of this enzyme slightly in vitro. Methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT)
      activity was inhibited by high concentrations of phenobarbital in vitro but was
      not affected in vivo. No significant effects of phenobarbital on the activities
      of serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) or 5
      methyltetrahydrofolate:homocysteine methyltransferase (MHMT) were observed either
      in vivo or in vitro.

PMID- 6388581
TI  - [Physico-chemical properties of DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase from Escherichia
      coli and its subunits].
AB  - CD and UV spectroscopy were employed to study at different temperatures the
      conformational states of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase core- and holo-enzymes,
      as well as of its alpha and beta subunits. Both core- and holo-enzyme were shown
      to have a higher percentage of regular structures than the separate subunits. CD
      and fluorescence methods were used to monitor the complex formation between
      rifamycin SV or its derivative, rifampicin, with the RNA polymerase from the E.
      coli wild and mutant (Rpo B255) types, the former enzyme being sensitive and the
      latter being resistant to these antibiotics. Complexation led to concomitant
      changes in the conformation of antibiotics and local structural rearrangements of
      the protein in vicinity of the binding site which comprises at least one
      tryptophan residue in a hydrophobic microenvironment.

PMID- 6388582
TI  - [A new structural analog of human insulin-- [glutamine-B30] insulin].
AB  - A new structural analogue of human insulin, [glutamine-B30]insulin, has been
      prepared by enzymatic-chemical means. This analogue differs from natural hormone
      by substitution of the ThrB30 residue. Biological activity of the [glutamine
      B30]insulin is 100% in the mouse convulsion assay.

PMID- 6388583
TI  - [Primary structure of the E. coli DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase beta'-subunit.
      Hydrolysis with trypsin].
AB  - The carboxymethylated beta'-subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase was
      hydrolyzed with trypsin. The hydrolysate was separated on Bio-Gel P-4, followed
      by ion exchange chromatography, and was further purified by paper chromatography
      and electrophoresis. A mixture of large peptides was digested with Staphylococcus
      aureus protease, the fragments obtained were separated by an HPLC procedure. As a
      result, 172 peptides were isolated, the complete amino acid sequence for 162 and
      partial sequence for 10 of them being determined. In total, these peptides
      contain 862 amino acid residues.

PMID- 6388584
TI  - Zonal analysis of cytoplasmic components of articular cartilage chondrocytes.
AB  - The cytoplasmic components of chondrocytes in the various zones of articular
      cartilage of the medial femoral condyle of adult male New Zealand white rabbits
      were quantitated from electron micrographs. A progressive increase in the content
      of endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and electrondense bodies
      (presumed to be lysosomes) from the tangential zone through the top half of the
      calcified zone was observed. These organelles then showed a decrease in content
      in the bottom half of the calcified zone. This was associated with an even
      greater increase in content of holes in the cytoplasm at that level, providing
      clear evidence of cellular swelling. Based on these quantitative morphologic
      studies, it is concluded that the chondrocytes in all zones of articular
      cartilage are metabolically active, but those cells in the calcified zone show
      signs of degeneration. The ultimate fate of the chondrocytes in the bottom of the
      calcified zone is not clear from this study.

PMID- 6388585
TI  - [Limitations of indications of clotrimazole-hydrocortisone and its components. A
      double-blind study].
AB  - Efficacy and tolerability of ointment/water emulsion, containing the combination
      of clotrimazole and hydrocortisone (Canesten HC) were compared with the two
      components. 4 groups of indications were chosen and 192 (16 X 3 X 4) patients
      treated. In all groups and symptoms of this comparison the best efficacy was with
      the combination product. Side effects which have to be attributed to this topical
      treatment could not be detected.

PMID- 6388586
TI  - A comparison of cholestyramine and probucol in the treatment of familial
      hypercholesterolaemia.
AB  - Twelve patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) who had not achieved
      satisfactory cholesterol levels on dietary advice alone were treated with
      cholestyramine for 6 months and probucol for 6 months in a randomised cross-over
      study to compare the relative effectiveness of the two drugs. Over the 6-month
      period, mean total cholesterol fell by 16.4% on cholestyramine and 12.7% on
      probucol. Cholestyramine produced a 17.4% fall in low density lipoprotein (LDL)
      cholesterol, no significant changes in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)
      cholesterol or high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, a 21.4% increase in
      HDL cholesterol subfraction HDL2 and a 24.1% increase in the HDL/LDL cholesterol
      ratio. Triglyceride levels rose by 29.6% but remained within the normal range.
      Probucol produced a 11.7% fall in LDL cholesterol, a 9.9% fall in VLDL
      cholesterol, a 10% fall in total HDL cholesterol, a 37% fall in HDL cholesterol
      subfraction HDL2 and no change in the HDL/LDL cholesterol ratio. Triglyceride
      levels fell by 14%. The mean corrected QT interval increased from 0.418 to 0.434
      s (P less than 0.01) on probucol but did not change significantly on
      cholestyramine (from 0.405 to 0.41 s). The two drugs have different metabolic
      effects on FH. Cholestyramine has a more marked effect on LDL cholesterol,
      favourably influences the HDL/LDL cholesterol ratio and is therefore considered
      to be the drug of choice.

PMID- 6388587
TI  - Lack of relationship between plasma insulin and glucagon levels and
      angiographically-documented coronary atherosclerosis.
AB  - In 120 consecutive patients undergoing diagnostic coronary arteriography, fasting
      blood glucose, plasma insulin, glucagon, serum cholesterol and triglyceride
      concentrations were measured. The insulin-glucose ratio and insulin-glucagon
      ratio were calculated. Forty-five patients had normal coronary arteries, 19 had
      single vessel coronary artery disease and 56 patients had multiple vessel
      disease. Fasting blood glucose was greater than 120 mg/100 ml in 37 patients
      (group A) and included 9 of the 10 known diabetics, 3 of whom were being treated
      with insulin. Seventy-seven patients included in group B had fasting blood
      glucose concentration less than 120 mg/100 ml. Patients with multiple vessel
      coronary disease in either group had higher blood glucose and cholesterol
      concentrations than those with normal coronary arteries or the ones with single
      vessel disease, but they did not have higher plasma insulin or glucagon levels
      nor increased insulin-glucose or insulin-glucagon ratios. With comparable extent
      of coronary artery disease patients in group A had higher plasma insulin levels
      and insulin-glucagon ratios than those in group B, but no correlation exists
      between the presence or extent of coronary atherosclerosis and these variables in
      either group. Thus, neither fasting plasma insulin level nor insulin-glucagon
      ratio predicts the status of underlying coronary atherosclerosis in either
      diabetics or nondiabetics.

PMID- 6388588
TI  - Alcohol-potentiated reactive hypoglycaemia depends on the nature of the
      carbohydrate ingested at the same time.
AB  - Alcohol may provoke reactive hypoglycaemia when drunk with a sucrose mixer (gin
      and tonic) but not in the form of a starch-based beverage. In the present study
      alcohol-potentiated reactive hypoglycaemia was shown to depend on the nature of
      the carbohydrate ingested together with the alcohol. When 14 men (9 normal weight
      and 5 obese) aged between 20 and 50 years consumed a 50 g glucose load together
      with 50 g ethanol over an hour, their early plasma insulin response was
      significantly higher and their later fall in plasma glucose significantly lower
      than after drinking the same amount of a starch solution (maize meal) and
      alcohol. In four subjects (3 of them non-obese) plasma glucose concentrations
      dropped below 2.8 mmol/l after drinking the glucose-alcohol solution. Obesity
      seemed to be associated with features of peripheral insulin resistance. We
      conclude that the common social custom of drinking alcohol together with a simple
      sugar mixer should probably be modified.

PMID- 6388589
TI  - The prevention and management of alcohol problems in the family setting: a review
      of work carried out in English-speaking countries.
AB  - There are at least six theoretical perspectives that underlie studies of alcohol
      misuse and the family. Adherence to one or to a limited range of viewpoints
      constricts the outlook of professional workers. The prevention and treatment of
      alcohol problems in the family setting is a neglected field, yet it offers scope
      for intervention with high risk groups, and at an incipient stage of alcohol
      misuse before help is normally sought. Despite the growing use of marital and
      family therapy for couples and families containing a problem drinking member,
      evaluative studies of such therapies generally lack methodological rigour and
      leave important issues unresolved. Nonspecialist professional agencies who
      encounter family problems often fail to identify or deal with alcohol misuse when
      it is present. Trained voluntary workers may be effective in the treatment of
      alcohol problems within the family context. There are disadvantages from viewing
      alcohol misuse within the family as a topic separate from other health and social
      problems. Finally, the issues that are reviewed have relevance for non-English
      speaking countries.

PMID- 6388590
TI  - The collection of the Boletin de la Asociacion Medica de Puerto Rico and its
      preservation (1903-20).

PMID- 6388591
TI  - Diagnostic ultrasound imaging in pregnancy: consensus conference.

PMID- 6388592
TI  - Behavior and nutrition: a mini review.

PMID- 6388593
TI  - [Echography in pre-hepatic portal hypertension in children].

PMID- 6388594
TI  - [Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis].

PMID- 6388595
TI  - Proteolytic activity and calcium concentration in muscle wasting conditions.
AB  - The Authors studied the role of proteolytic activity in specimens from denerved
      and dystrophic human muscles. The Calcium ions concentration was determined in
      the same samples, for evaluating the possibility of a correlation between these
      parameters. A significative increase in proteolytic activity was demonstrated for
      denerved and dystrophic muscles. Calcium ion's concentration was decreased in
      atrophic muscles compared to controls. No correlation was possible between the
      two parameters.

PMID- 6388596
TI  - Fasciocutaneous vessels. Their distribution on the trunk and limbs, and their
      clinical application in tissue transfer.
AB  - In the conventional view of the arterial blood supply of skin, two systems of
      vessels are recognised; the direct cutaneous arteries and the musculocutaneous
      perforators. The existence of a third system consisting of fasciocutaneous
      perforators, is a relatively new concept. These vessels supply the skin by
      passing along the fascial septa between adjacent muscles. A particular feature of
      these fasciocutaneous perforators is that they spread out at the level of the
      deep fascia, forming a fascial plexus which often has a marked directionality.
      The locations of these perforators and the axiality of the fascial plexi are
      described. This knowledge is important for the elevation of pedicled
      fasciocutaneous flaps and the design of fasciocutaneous microvascular free tissue
      transfers.

PMID- 6388597
TI  - [Ultrasonographic evaluation of infratentorial lesions, with special reference to
      cerebellar hypoplasia].

PMID- 6388598
TI  - Coping with elective surgery.

PMID- 6388599
TI  - Assessment of quality of nursing care.

PMID- 6388600
TI  - Public health nursing evaluation, education, and professional issues: 1977 to
      1981.

PMID- 6388601
TI  - Research on the teaching-learning process in nursing education.

PMID- 6388602
TI  - Research on nursing students.

PMID- 6388603
TI  - Curricular research in nursing.

PMID- 6388604
TI  - Nursing research and the study of health policy.

PMID- 6388605
TI  - Family research: issues and directions for nursing.

PMID- 6388606
TI  - The experience of being a parent.

PMID- 6388607
TI  - Health promotion and illness prevention.

PMID- 6388608
TI  - [A case of spongiform encephalopathy with ataxia and amyloid plaques].
AB  - CASE: A 63-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of gait disturbance.
      His daughter died of the same disorder at age 29. In 1974, at age 59, the patient
      noticed mild recent memory disturbance and clumsiness in handwriting. In 1976,
      his gait was markedly unstable, but he could walk without assistance, and his
      speech became dysarthric. In spring, 1977, he was unable to walk without
      assistance. From Jan. 9, 1978, through Feb. 14, 1978, he was hospitalized in our
      hospital. Neurological examination revealed an ataxic gait and scanning speech.
      Deep tendon reflexes of the upper extremities and ankle jerks were normal, but
      knee jerks were absent. Pathological reflexes were not elicited. Both superficial
      and deep sensations were normal. He was alert and showed no overt dementia.
      Laboratory data including CSF, EEG and brain CT were normal except positive TPHA
      in serum. Thereafter, he was followed up with the diagnosis of spinocerebellar
      degeneration. In 1979, he developed a limb ataxia. In spring, 1980, he became
      very irritable and was easily excited. He gradually developed dementia and
      urinary incontinence. In 1981, his illness progressed to an akinetic mutism and
      died of pneumonia on July 19, 1981. Myoclonus and periodic synchronous discharges
      in EEG were not observed until his death. The brain was 1,075 g in weight after
      formalin fixation and the cerebrum was generally soft. The gyri showed no
      evidence of abnormalities or atrophy, while the cerebellum and brain stem,
      especially the pons, were atrophic. The arterial and venous systems showed no
      remarkable changes. The spinal cord was externally unremarkable. The ventricles
      were dilated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6388610
TI  - The role of platinum matrix in porcelain jacket crowns.

PMID- 6388609
TI  - Acrylic 'allergy'?

PMID- 6388611
TI  - The Noble story. (Joseph Whittlesey Noble).

PMID- 6388613
TI  - Pirbuterol syrup--treatment of asthma in children in a residential asthma clinic.

PMID- 6388612
TI  - Captopril in heart failure. A double blind controlled trial.
AB  - The effect of the converting enzyme inhibitor captopril as long term treatment
      was investigated in 14 patients with severe congestive heart failure in a double
      blind trial. Captopril reduced plasma concentrations of angiotensin II and
      noradrenaline, with a converse increase in active renin concentration. Effective
      renal plasma flow increased and renal vascular resistance fell; glomerular
      filtration rate did not change. Serum urea and creatinine concentrations rose.
      Both serum and total body potassium contents increased; there were no long term
      changes in serum concentration or total body content of sodium. Exercise
      tolerance was appreciably improved, and dyspnoea and fatigue lessened. Left
      ventricular end systolic and end diastolic dimensions were reduced. There was an
      appreciable reduction in complex ventricular ectopic rhythms. Adverse effects
      were few: weight gain and fluid retention were evident in five patients when
      captopril was introduced and two patients initially experienced mild postural
      dizziness; rashes in two patients did not recur when the drug was reintroduced at
      a lower dose; there was a significant reduction in white cell count overall, but
      the lowest individual white cell count was 4000 X 10(6)/l. Captopril thus seemed
      to be of considerable value in the long term treatment of severe cardiac failure.

PMID- 6388615
TI  - Are follicular large centrocytic and large centroblastic lymphomas one entity?

PMID- 6388614
TI  - Lymphocytic lymphoma/B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia--an immunohistopathological
      study of peripheral B lymphocyte neoplasia.
AB  - Twenty seven patients with malignant lymphoma of lymphocytic type/B-chronic
      lymphocytic leukaemia (ML, L/B-CLL, Kiel classification) diagnosed from lymph
      node and splenectomy specimens were studied histologically and immunologically.
      Lymph node biopsies showed a diffuse effacement of normal architecture by small
      round lymphocytes usually with scattered proliferation centres (PC). A1 spleens
      showed white pulp with or without red pulp involvement, sometimes with tumour
      nodules present. PC-like cells or PC were only found in the white pulp or tumour
      nodules. Studies of 13 specimens using the ABC immunoperoxidase technique on
      frozen sections with a large panel of monoclonal antibodies showed that although
      a part of the monoclonal B cell neoplasm, the proliferation centres or splenic
      white pulp have a different phenotype from the surrounding cells. Some of these
      phenotypic changes are similar to those reported with in vitro induction of
      "maturation" of ML, L/B-CLL cells. The implications for normal B-cell development
      are discussed. In contrast to reported peripheral blood findings, T cells,
      predominantly of T helper phenotype in lymph nodes, were present but usually not
      numerous.

PMID- 6388617
TI  - Effect of arteriovenous fistula on wound healing and skin blood flow.
AB  - In dogs, the tension in a surgical incision and a measure of subcutaneous blood
      flow were obtained adjacent and distal to a groin arteriovenous (A-V) fistula. At
      7 days, in the fistula-bearing leg compared with the control there was an
      increased force required to separate the wound edges adjacent to the fistula,
      while the opposite was true for the distal incision. Radioxenon washout, used for
      a measure of subcutaneous blood flow, was more rapid distally in the control leg.
      In the fistula leg this relationship was reversed. These studies indicate there
      is a redistribution of blood in the leg when an A-V fistula is constructed, with
      augmented subcutaneous flow and increased wound strength adjacent to the fistula
      and the converse at a distal site in the limb.

PMID- 6388616
TI  - Remodelling of bone and bones: effects of translation and strain on transplants.
AB  - Tail segments, from 4-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats, consisting of caudal vertebrae
      (CV) approximately 7-9 were impaled on 0.23-mm diameter Elgiloy wire and
      transplanted subcutaneously into 50-70 g male hosts to study the effects on
      transplants of (a) impaling (b) strain and (c) translation. The CV were impaled
      onto straight lengths of wire to serve as controls (a); onto a wire curved to
      form a loop and exert a bending force (b) and onto the arms of a spring which
      moved bones through the surrounding tissues, i.e. translation (c). Tissue changes
      were studied up to 28 days by radiographic and histological techniques. Control
      bones grow relatively normally along the straight wire. The CV subjected to
      strain bend initially and then grow in an arc along the curve of the wire. The
      outer bone shaft usually becomes straighter while the inner one becomes concave
      and rarefied. In the translated bones remodelling occurs in a direction generally
      opposite to the direction of movement but this is modified by the influence of
      soft tissue tension and pressure. Bone resorbs on the outer leading side under
      continuous pressure and forms on the inner trailing side under continuous
      tension. The process is essentially the same as that seen in 'cortical drift';
      however, since translation is rapid there is an alteration in the shape of the
      translated bones as formation on the trailing side is faster than resorption on
      the leading side.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6388618
TI  - Opsonins in normal mouse serum for the phagocytic killing of Proteus mirabilis by
      murine neutrophils.
AB  - An assay of phagocytic killing by murine neutrophils in homologous serum was used
      to determine the nature of the opsonins in normal mouse serum for phagocytic
      killing of Proteus mirabilis. Leucocytes from the peritoneal cavities of mice
      given an intraperitoneal inoculation of brain-heart infusion broth 3 h
      previously, phagocytosed and killed P. mirabilis in a 2-h assay in the presence
      of 10% serum from normal mice. The serum factors supporting phagocytic killing
      were heat-labile (50 degrees C or 56 degrees C for 30 min) and could be absorbed
      at 37 degrees C but not 4 degrees C by three different species of Gram-negative
      bacteria. The tested species of Gram-positive bacterium did not absorb the
      activity. At the end of the assays, greater than 90% of leucocyte-associated
      bacteria were associated with neutrophils. Leucocytes from unstimulated
      peritoneal cavities (less than I% neutrophils) did not kill bacteria in this
      assay, in contrast to leucocyte suspensions containing up to 98% neutrophils.
      These findings indicated that the phagocytic killing of P. mirabilis in this
      assay was mediated by neutrophils, and that complement fixation by the
      alternative pathway provided necessary opsonins in normal mouse serum.

PMID- 6388619
TI  - Dynamic changes in epidermal Ia-positive cells in allergic contact sensitivity
      reactions in mice.
AB  - In mice sensitized with trinitrochlorobenzene, serial changes in epidermal Ia
      positive cells were studied at various times after challenge. Until 3 days post
      challenge, the Ia-positive cells consisted only of dendritic Langerhans cells;
      their number was decreased but they were significantly enlarged, with extending
      dendrites. Some Langerhans cells were also found surrounding a hair follicle,
      extending their dendrites toward the follicle like the spokes of a wheel. From 3
      to 9 days after challenge, keratinocytes also began to express Ia antigens in the
      epidermis in addition to Langerhans cells, whose size diminished. This suggests
      that there are two phases in the response of the epidermal Ia antigens in contact
      sensitivity reactions, i.e. an early phase in which enlarged Langerhans cells are
      the only Ia-positive cells in the epidermis, and a late phase in which
      keratinocytes take over as the major Ia-positive cells, while Langerhans cells
      resume their original size. Ia antigen expression on keratinocytes in this late
      phase probably plays a crucial role in completely eliminating allergens deposited
      on the keratinocytes.

PMID- 6388620
TI  - Dermographism (mechanical urticaria) mediated by IgM.
AB  - Sera of three patients with symptomatic mechanical urticaria caused an immediate
      weal and flare reaction when injected intracutaneously into related recipients,
      and serum of one patient caused the same reaction in his own skin. Pretreatment
      of test skin sites with Compound 48/80 abolished or greatly reduced the reaction.
      This weal-producing substance was found in the same fraction as IgM in Sephadex G
      200 gel filtration, was stable to heat treatment (56 degrees C, 4 h) and labile
      to 2-mercaptoethanol treatment. An immunoadsorption study using anti-IgM serum
      identified this weal-producing substance as IgM.

PMID- 6388621
TI  - Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma: clinico-pathological features and
      immunohistochemical study of the basement membrane proteins, laminin and type IV
      collagen.
AB  - Six desmoplastic trichoepitheliomas (DT) from four patients were studied
      immunohistochemically, using antibodies to the human PI fragment of laminin and
      the 7S domain of type IV collagen. The staining of the basement membrane around
      the tumour clusters was distinct and continuous in most areas, but there were
      discontinuities and a granular appearance of the basement membrane in the areas
      of keratinized cysts and calcification around some unorganized epithelial cell
      nests. The discontinuities of the basement membranes may be a sign of epithelial
      degeneration or altered differentiation rather than malignancy.

PMID- 6388622
TI  - Ritodrine therapy associated with remission of pemphigoid gestationis.

PMID- 6388624
TI  - Effect of ibuprofen, naproxen sodium and paracetamol on intrauterine pressure and
      menstrual pain in dysmenorrhoea.
AB  - The effects of ibuprofen (400 mg), naproxen sodium (250 mg) and paracetamol (500
      mg) on intrauterine pressure and menstrual pain was assessed in 12 women with
      dysmenorrhoea in a double-blind parallel study. Intrauterine pressure was
      recorded with a microtransducer catheter for 4 h and resting pressure, active
      pressure, frequency of pressure cycles and the area under the curve were analysed
      in 30-min periods. Ibuprofen, in a single oral dose of 400 mg, significantly
      reduced resting pressure, active pressure, the frequency of pressure cycles and
      the area under the curve and this was associated with a significant reduction in
      pain intensity. Neither paracetamol nor naproxen sodium effected significant
      changes in intrauterine pressure or pain score.

PMID- 6388623
TI  - Cytochemical and immunological characteristics of acute monocytic leukaemia.
AB  - Immunological and cytochemical findings are presented from 12 cases of
      morphologically unequivocal acute monocytic leukaemia (AMoL). The results
      indicate considerable heterogeneity and three main non-morphological subgroups
      were identified. The blast cells from half the patients were positive for the
      presence of both cytoplasmic alpha naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and monocyte
      associated membrane determinants whereas the cells from three cases lacked
      detectable monocytic antigens despite the presence of strong cytochemical ANAE
      activity. A further three cases expressed monocytic antigens but were
      cytochemically unreactive for ANAE. These cytochemical results, which were
      extended by electrophoretic studies of ANAE isoenzymes, suggest that the absence
      of significant cytoplasmic ANAE activity does not preclude the diagnosis of AMoL
      and that serum lysozyme estimations may be of value in the recognition of
      immunocytochemically-atypical cases.

PMID- 6388625
TI  - Controlled study of 16,16-dimethyl-trans-delta 2 prostaglandin E1 methyl ester
      vaginal pessaries prior to suction termination of first trimester pregnancies.
AB  - A pessary containing the prostaglandin analogue, 16,16-dimethyl-trans-delta 2
      prostaglandin E1 methyl ester (Cervagem) was inserted into the vagina of
      primigravid women 2 h before suction termination of pregnancy. The cervix was
      softer, easier to dilate and more widely dilated at the start of the procedure
      than in a control group of women who received placebo pessaries containing the
      vehicle alone. Intra-operative blood loss was diminished. The incidence of pre-
      and post-operative abdominal cramps was increased in the Cervagem-treated group.
      No gastrointestinal side-effects were noted.

PMID- 6388626
TI  - Results in 50 cases of strabismus after graduated surgery designed by A scan
      ultrasonography.
AB  - Of 50 cases of strabismus having surgical operations designed on the basis of A
      scan ultrasonography 45 (90%) had less than 10 dioptres eso- or exodeviation two
      months postoperatively; 22 eso-, 25 exo-, and 3 vertical deviations were included
      in the series. A scan ultrasonography is done preoperatively to find the diameter
      and thus the circumference of the globe. This is used with the angle of deviation
      to estimate the amount of recession and/or resection necessary to correct the
      deviation. Attention is drawn to the oculomotor axis, which is 10-12 degrees
      divergent to the anteroposterior axis and around which the recti muscles act. The
      oculomotor equator is at right angles to this axis and is closer to the limbus
      medially than laterally, so that excessive recession of the medial rectus is more
      likely than of the lateral rectus.

PMID- 6388627
TI  - Orthodontic treatment with lingually bonded brackets.
AB  - The direct bonding of orthodontic brackets to enamel has greatly improved the
      aesthetics of fixed appliance orthodontics. A recent development has been the
      lingual placement of the attachments which has resulted in none of the mechanics
      being visible on the anterior teeth. This article describes treatment with this
      technique and illustrates a treated case.

PMID- 6388628
TI  - An assessment of computer-assisted learning in orthodontics.
AB  - Programs developed in BASIC for the Apple II permit the presentation of
      orthodontic case histories in an interactive way. Clinical observation and
      decisions may be monitored by multiple choice questions and marked to provide a
      final score. In comparisons between a CAL program and traditional tutorial
      teaching, 60 dental undergraduates obtained higher average scores after CAL. It
      is concluded that the CAL presentation of orthodontics clinical data is an
      effective and popular addition to traditional teaching.

PMID- 6388629
TI  - Direct transfer of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide from glyceraldehyde
      3-phosphate dehydrogenase to liver alcohol dehydrogenase.
AB  - The reduction of benzaldehyde and p-nitrobenzaldehyde by NADH, catalyzed by horse
      liver alcohol dehydrogenase (LADH), has been found to be faster when NADH is
      bound to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) than with free NADH. The
      rate of reduction of aldehyde substrate with GPDH-NADH follows a Michaelian
      concentration dependence on GPDH-NADH. The reaction velocity is independent of
      GPDH concentration when [GPDH] greater than [NADH]total. The Km for GPDH-NADH is
      higher than that for free NADH. The reaction velocities in the presence of excess
      GPDH over NADH cannot be accounted for on the basis of the free NADH
      concentration arising from dissociation of the GPDH-NADH complex. These
      observations suggest that transfer of NADH from GPDH to LADH proceeds through the
      initial formation of a GPDH-NADH-LADH complex. Arguments for a direct enzyme
      coenzyme-enzyme transfer mechanism are substantiated and quantitated both by
      steady-state kinetic studies and by determinations of all of the appropriate
      enzyme-coenzyme equilibrium dissociation constants. In contrast, over a similar
      concentration range, the complex lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-NADH is not a
      substrate for the LADH-catalyzed reductions. Likewise, the LADH-NADH complex is
      not a substrate for the LDH-catalyzed reduction of pyruvate.

PMID- 6388630
TI  - Identification and synthesis of a naturally occurring selenonucleoside in
      bacterial tRNAs: 5-[(methylamino)methyl]-2-selenouridine.
AB  - Escherichia coli, Clostridium sticklandii, and Methanococcus vannielii synthesize
      75Se-labeled amino acid transfer ribonucleic acids [( 75Se]tRNAs) when grown with
      low levels (approximately equal to 1 microM) of 75SeO32-. When E. coli [75Se]tRNA
      was digested to nucleosides and analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance
      liquid chromatography, a single selenonucleoside accounted for 70-90% of the 75Se
      label in the bulk tRNA. This nucleoside was shown to be indistinguishable in a
      number of its properties from authentic 5-[(methylamino)methyl]-2-selenouridine.
      Preparation of the authentic selenonucleoside was accomplished and the synthetic
      compound characterized by its UV and 1H NMR spectral properties. The new
      selenonucleoside also accounted for 40-60% of the 75Se found in [75Se]tRNA from
      C. sticklandii or M. vannielii. Each of these anaerobic bacteria contains one
      additional selenonucleoside in their tRNA populations distinct from 5
      [(methylamino)methyl]-2-selenouridine. Pure seleno-tRNAGlu isolated from C.
      sticklandii contains one 5-[(methylamino)methyl]-2-selenouridine and one 4
      thiouridine per tRNA molecule.

PMID- 6388631
TI  - Kinetics and mechanism of dissociation of cooperatively bound T4 gene 32 protein
      single-stranded nucleic acid complexes. 1. Irreversible dissociation induced by
      sodium chloride concentration jumps.
AB  - The dissociation kinetics of cooperatively bound bacteriophage T4 gene 32 protein
      from a variety of single-stranded homopolynucleotides has been investigated by
      stopped-flow techniques. Irreversible dissociation of the complexes was induced
      by rapidly increasing the salt concentration and monitoring the increase in
      tryptophan fluorescence upon dissociation of the gene 32 protein. The dependence
      of the apparent dissociation rate constant on initial fractional saturation of
      the nucleic acid lattice as well as the observation of zero-order kinetics when
      the lattice is initially fully saturated with protein indicates that dissociation
      occurs only from the ends of protein clusters and not from doubly contiguous
      molecules. The data for the entire time course are quantitatively fit by a
      kinetics model specifying irreversible dissociation of only singly contiguously
      bound protein [Lohman, T.M. (1983) Biopolymers 22, 1697-1713]. This model is used
      to extract molecular rate constants for the dissociation of isolated, singly
      contiguously and doubly contiguously bound protein. It is also shown that the
      polynucleotide specificity observed for the cooperative binding constant, K
      omega, and the cooperativity itself are intrinsic properties of the dissociation
      rate of the various complexes.

PMID- 6388632
TI  - Kinetics and mechanism of dissociation of cooperatively bound T4 gene 32 protein
      single-stranded nucleic acid complexes. 2. Changes in mechanism as a function of
      sodium chloride concentration and other solution variables.
AB  - The dissociation kinetics of bacteriophage T4 coded gene 32 protein-single
      stranded nucleic acid complexes have been examined as a function of monovalent
      salt concentration, temperature, and pH in order to investigate the details of
      the dissociation of cooperatively bound protein. Fluorescence stopped-flow
      techniques were used, and irreversible dissociation was induced by a combination
      of [NaCl] jumps and mixing with excess nucleic acid competitor. This made it
      possible to directly investigate the irreversible dissociation process over a
      wide range of NaCl concentrations [e.g., from 50 mM to 0.60 M for the gene 32
      protein-poly(A) complex], in the absence of reassociation. Over the entire salt
      range, the only dissociable species observed is the singly contiguously bound
      gene 32 protein which dissociates from the ends of protein clusters. However, the
      [NaCl] dependence of the dissociation rate constant suggests that two competing
      pathways exist for dissociation of cooperatively bound gene 32 protein from the
      ends of protein clusters. At high monovalent salt concentrations, dissociation is
      dominated by a single-step process, with log ke/log [NaCl] = 6.5 +/- 0.5; i.e.,
      the dissociation rate constant increases with increasing NaCl concentration due
      to the uptake of approximately six monovalent ions upon dissociation. This
      indicates that singly contiguous protein dissociates directly into solution.
      However, at much lower [NaCl] the data suggest that gene 32 protein, when bound
      at the end of a protein cluster, dissociates by first sliding off the end to form
      a noncooperatively bound intermediate which subsequently dissociates. A
      quantitative model which incorporates the sliding pathway [Berg, O. G., Winter,
      R. B., & von Hippel, P. H. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 6929-6948] in the dissociation
      mechanism fits the data reasonably well and suggests that noncooperatively bound
      monomers of gene 32 protein may be capable of one-dimensional translocation along
      single-stranded nucleic acids as suggested by independent kinetic data on the
      association reaction [Lohman, T. M., & Kowalczykowski, S. C. (1981) J. Mol. Biol.
      152, 67-109]. It is also observed that both the absolute dissociation rate
      constant for T4 gene 32 protein and its salt dependence are sensitive to the
      average molecular weight and polydispersity of the nucleic acid sample used. This
      is a general phenomenon exhibited by proteins that bind to nucleic acids in a
      highly cooperative manner.

PMID- 6388633
TI  - Controlled proteolysis of tubulin by subtilisin: localization of the site for
      MAP2 interaction.
AB  - The treatment of tubulin with subtilisin resulted in a significant decrease in
      the ability of tubulin to assemble. The addition of taxol reduced the effect of
      subtilisin on the assembly of digested protein. Limited proteolysis of tubulin by
      subtilisin affected simultaneously both alpha- and beta-subunits, and it resulted
      in the appearance of two major cleavage fragments (32 and 20 kilodaltons) or an
      alternative pattern yielding two fragments (48 and 4 kilodaltons). The smallest
      peptide (4 kilodaltons) and also the 20-kilodalton fragment are localized in the
      C-terminal region of the tubulin alpha-subunit. Digested tubulin can assemble
      into sheet-shaped polymers, which cannot incorporate MAP2. On the other hand, the
      isolated C-terminal fragments can bind to MAP2. These results suggest that the
      carboxyl-terminal domain of the tubulin molecule is the site for the MAP2
      interaction.

PMID- 6388634
TI  - Nucleotide-induced changes in the proteolytically sensitive regions of myosin
      subfragment 1.
AB  - Limited proteolytic digestions of myosin subfragment 1 (S-1) with elastase,
      subtilisin, papain, and thermolysin yield fragments that correspond within 1-2K
      daltons to the 25K, 50K, and 20K fragments produced by trypsin. While papain and
      thermolysin cut preferentially at the 26K/70K junction, elastase and subtilisin
      cleave both the 26K/70K and the 75K/22K junctions in S-1. Using the above
      proteases as conformational probes, we have previously demonstrated that the
      binding of actin is sensed at both the 26K/50K and the 50K/22K junctions
      [Applegate, D., & Reisler, E. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 7109
      7112]. We report here that the binding of nucleotides at the active site is also
      sensed at both junctions. Both 2 mM MgADP and 5 mM MgATP slow the rate of
      elastase and subtilisin cleavage of the 95K heavy chain. With elastase, the 3
      fold decrease in the rate of cleavage induced by nucleotides is evidenced at both
      the 26K/50K and the 50K/22K junctions. The analysis of subtilisin digestions is
      complicated by Mg nucleotide induced cleavage at a new site to produce a 91K
      fragment. Using N-methyl-6-anilinonaphthalene-2-sulfonyl chloride (MnsCl) to
      fluorescently label the 26K peptide, we demonstrate that the additional cleavage
      site is approximately 4K daltons from the N-terminal portion of the 95K heavy
      chain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6388635
TI  - Effect of template conversion from the B to the Z conformation on RNA polymerase
      activity.
AB  - Transition from the right-handed B to the left-handed Z conformation of DNA was
      studied by circular dichroism in parallel with the ability of the DNA to support
      RNA synthesis with Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. Since the B to Z transition
      is generally induced by a chemical agent, a definitive demonstration that a
      change in activity is due to the conformational change, and not to the agent
      itself or to other factors, requires the clear-cut correlation of template
      activity and conformation under a variety of conditions that result in
      conformational change. Such correlation was achieved by following the
      [Co(NH3)6]3+-induced transition of poly(dG-dC) X poly(dG-dC) and poly(dG-dm5C) X
      poly(dG-dm5C) and the Mg2+-induced transition of poly(dG-dm5C) X poly(dG-dm5C).
      In addition, conditions were chosen to minimize possible aggregation. In each of
      these three systems, the B to Z conformational transition was accompanied by a
      substantial decrease in transcription activity. While the conversion from B to Z
      of poly(dG-dm5C) X poly(dG-dm5C) is induced by a 25-fold lower concentration of
      [Co(NH3)6]3+ than that required for the conversion of unmethylated polymer, in
      both cases the RNA polymerase activity is decreased at the same cation
      concentration as that producing the conformational transition. Neither
      [Co(NH3)6]3+ nor Mg2+ inhibits RNA synthesis with control templates that are not
      converted to Z under the same conditions, such as poly(dA-dT) X poly(dA-dT) or
      calf thymus DNA with [Co(NH3)6]3+ or poly(dG-dC) X poly(dG-dC) with
      Mg2+.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6388636
TI  - Solvent effects on allosteric equilibria: stabilization of T and R conformations
      of Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamylase by organic solvents.
AB  - The activity of Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamylase (ATCase) is markedly
      influenced by the addition of organic solvents to the assay medium. The
      cosolvents tested, which include simple aliphatic alcohols, amides, and ureas, as
      well as acetone and dioxane, fall into two different classes: the most polar ones
      (formamide, acetamide, N-methylformamide, and urea) stimulate the enzyme activity
      for all concentrations tested. In contrast, solvents that are less polar than
      water inhibit the enzyme at low concentrations but stimulate it at higher
      concentrations. No comparable effects are observed in the case of the isolated
      catalytic subunits, a non-regulated form of ATCase. Extensive kinetic studies on
      ATCase and on two of its Michaelian derivatives, 2-thioU-ATCase and carbamylated
      ATCase, indicate that solvents modulate the same allosteric transition that is
      responsible for homotropic interactions between the catalytic sites. The
      stabilization of the R state of ATCase by comparatively high concentrations of
      cosolvents is reminiscent of similar findings made on hemoglobin and glycogen
      phosphorylase, suggesting a common underlying mechanism. Addition of organic
      cosolvents to water is known to reduce hydrophobic interactions, and we suggest
      that this effect may preferentially stabilize the more "relaxed" conformations of
      allosteric proteins, because they have a larger surface exposed to solvent
      [Chothia, C. (1974) Nature (London) 248, 338-339]. On the other hand, we suggest
      that the stabilization of the T state by low concentrations of all but the most
      polar cosolvents simply reflects stronger electrostatic interactions in this
      conformation.

PMID- 6388637
TI  - Linkage of subunit interactions, structural changes, and energetics of coenzyme
      binding in tryptophan synthase.
AB  - The energetics of binding of the coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) to both
      the apo beta 2 subunit and the apo alpha 2 beta 2 complex of tryptophan synthase
      from Escherichia coli has been investigated as a function of pH and temperature
      by direct microcalorimetric methods. At 25 degrees C, pH 7.5, the binding process
      proceeds in the time range of minutes and shows a biphasic heat output which
      permits resolution of the overall reaction into different reaction steps. Binding
      studies on the coenzyme analogues pyridoxal (PAL), pyridoxine 5'-phosphate (PNP),
      and pyridoxine (POL) to the protein as well as a comparison of these results with
      data from studies on PLP binding to epsilon-aminocaproic acid have led to a
      deconvolution of the complex heat vs. time curves into fast endothermic
      contributions from electrostatic interaction and Schiff base formation and slow
      exothermic contributions from the interactions between PLP and the binding
      domain. The pH-independent, large negative change in heat capacity of about -9.1
      kJ/(mol of beta 2 X K) when binding PLP to beta 2 is indicative of major
      structural changes resulting from complex formation. The much smaller value of
      delta Cp = -1.7 kJ/(mol of beta 2 X K) for binding of PLP to alpha 2 beta 2
      clearly demonstrates the energetic linkage of protein-protein and protein-ligand
      interactions. Calorimetric titrations of the apo beta 2 subunit with PLP at 35
      degrees C have shown that also at this temperature positive cooperativity between
      the two binding sites occurs. On the basis of these measurements a complete set
      of site-specific thermodynamic parameters has been established.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6388638
TI  - X-ray analysis of the kinetics of Escherichia coli lipid and membrane structural
      transitions.
AB  - Synchrotron radiation was used to follow the time course of the transitions,
      induced by temperature jump, in Escherichia coli membranes and their lipid
      extracts isolated from a fatty acid auxotroph grown with different fatty acids.
      We measured the relaxation times associated with the phase transitions as well as
      with the conformational transition of the hydrocarbon chains and observed
      different behavior as a function of chemical composition. Relaxation times of
      about 1-2 s were found at a hexagonal to lamellar phase transition and within a
      lamellar phase whose parameters display important variations with temperature
      when the conformational transition takes place. On the other hand, no delay was
      observed for a phase transition where large lipid or water diffusion was not
      needed. We have shown that phase transitions and conformational transitions are,
      to a large extent, uncoupled and that the relaxation times corresponding to the
      latter transition could be related to the size of the ordered domains. In all
      cases, the order to disorder conformational transition is more rapid than the
      disorder to order transition. Finally, the relaxation times of the disorder to
      order transition observed with the membranes and with their lipid extracts were
      found to be strongly correlated, indicating that the proteins do not play a role
      in this transition.

PMID- 6388639
TI  - Binding of S21 to the 50S subunit and the effect of the 50S subunit on
      nonradiative energy transfer between the 3' end of 16S RNA and S21.
AB  - Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S21 was labeled at its single cysteine group
      with a fluorescent probe. Labeled S21 showed full activity in supporting MS2 RNA
      dependent binding of formylmethionyl-tRNAf to 30S ribosomal subunits.
      Fluorescence anisotropy measurements and direct analysis on glycerol gradients
      demonstrate conclusively that labeled S21 binds to 50S ribosomal subunits as well
      as to 30S and 70S particles. The relative binding affinities are in the order 70S
      greater than 30S greater than 50S. Other results presented appear to indicate
      that S21 is bound in the same position on either 50S subunits or 30S subunits as
      in 70S ribosomes, suggesting that the protein is bound simultaneously to both
      subunits in the latter. Addition of 50S subunits to 30S particles containing
      probes on S21 and at the 3' end of 16S RNA caused a decrease in the energy
      transfer between these points. The results correspond to an apparent change in
      distance from 51 to 61 A.

PMID- 6388640
TI  - The effects of paromomycin on the fidelity of translation in a yeast cell-free
      system.
AB  - The effects of the aminoglycoside antibiotic paromomycin on the fidelity of
      translation of the synthetic template poly(U), and two natural mRNAs (rabbit
      globin mRNA and Brome Mosaic virus RNA), were examined in an mRNA-dependent cell
      free system from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. At antibiotic concentrations
      that did not inhibit translation (100 microM) optimal mistranslation of all three
      templates was observed, with the effects declining at higher antibiotic
      concentrations. Synthesis of the opal termination read-through protein of rabbit
      beta-globin mRNA was induced by paromomycin, but only in lysates prepared from a
      [psi+] strain of yeast. The antibiotic did not induce detectable levels of either
      ochre or amber read-through, but did induce general misreading of Brome Mosaic
      virus RNA to the same degree in both [psi+] and [psi-] lysates. This misreading
      was enhanced by addition of the polyamine spermidine.

PMID- 6388641
TI  - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in mouse pancreatic islets. ATP-induced changes
      in sensitivity to Mn2+ activation.
AB  - The presence of high phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.32) activity in
      mouse islet cytosol has been demonstrated. The enzyme was activated by Mn2+ with
      a Ka of 100 X 10(-6) mol/l. The mean total activity of the Mn2+-stimulated
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in islet cytosol estimated at 22 degrees C with
      saturating concentrations of the substrates oxaloacetate and ITP was 146 pmol/min
      per micrograms DNA. Km was calculated to be 6 X 10(-6) mol/l for oxaloacetate and
      140 X 10(-6) mol/l for ITP. The islet phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity
      was not increased after starvation of the animals for 48 h. Preincubation of the
      cytosol at 4 degrees C with Fe2+, quinolinate, ATP, Pi, glucose 6-phosphate,
      fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, NAD+, NADH, oxaloacetate, ITP, cyclic AMP and Ca2+ had
      no effect on the enzyme activity. However, preincubation of the cytosol at 37
      degrees C with ATP-Mg inhibited the Mn2+-stimulated phosphoenolpyruvate
      carboxykinase activity progressively with time and in a concentration-dependent
      manner. A similar but weaker inhibitory effect was observed with p[NH]ppA,
      whereas p[CH2]ppA, ADP, AMP, adenosine and Pi had no effect. It is tentatively
      suggested that ATP and p[NH]ppA either by adenylation or otherwise affect the
      interaction between islet phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and the recently
      discovered Mr = 29000 protein modulator of the enzyme in such a way - perhaps by
      causing a dissociation between them - that phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
      loses its sensitivity to Mn2+ activation.

PMID- 6388642
TI  - 9-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in rat kidney cortex converts prostaglandin
      I2 into 15-keto-13,14-dihydro 6-ketoprostaglandin E1.
AB  - 15-Keto-13,14-dihydro 6-ketoprostaglandin E1 was positively identified by gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry with negative-ion chemical ionisation detection
      from samples of rat kidney high-speed supernatant incubated with prostaglandin I2
      in the presence of NAD+. A decreased formation of this product was observed when
      NAD+ was substituted with NADP+ and none was observed in the absence of
      nucleotide or substrate prostaglandin I2. Experiments with [9 beta
      3H]prostaglandin I2 showed a time- and concentration-dependent loss of tritium
      which appeared as tritiated water, typical of reaction of [9 beta
      3H]prostaglandin substrates with the enzyme, 9-hydroxyprostaglandin
      dehydrogenase. Time-course measurements of the appearance of tritiated water
      showed similar rates with 6-keto[9 beta-3H]prostaglandin F1 alpha and 15-keto
      13,14-dihydro 6-keto[9 beta-3H]prostaglandin F1 alpha as substrates. These
      experiments suggest that the transformation of prostaglandin I2 and 6
      ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha into the 15-keto-13,14-dihydro 6-ketoprostaglandin E1
      catabolite occurs in this in vitro preparation via the corresponding 15-keto
      13,14-dihydro catabolite of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha.

PMID- 6388643
TI  - Estimation of acyldihydroxyacetone phosphate and lysophosphatidate in animal
      tissues.
AB  - Chemical and enzymatic methods have been developed to measure small quantities
      (10(-8) - 10(-10) mol) of acyldihydroxyacetone phosphate in animal tissues.
      Lipids extracted from tissue samples with acidic CHCl3/methanol were subjected to
      solvent partitioning at two different pH values for partial purification of this
      keto-lipid from other lipids. This lipid was then estimated radiometrically
      either by chemical reduction with NaB3H4 or by enzymatic reduction with [4B
      3H]NADPH using a partially purified acyldihydroxyacetone-phosphate reductase (EC
      1.1.1.101). Thin-layer chromatography revealed the presence of a number of 3H
      labeled lipids in the NaB3H4-reduced product and further purification of the
      product was necessary to estimate the amount of acyl[2-3H]glycerol 3-phosphate
      formed. The enzymatic reduction was very specific for acyl/alkyldihydroxyacetone
      phosphate. The amounts (nmol/g) of these keto-lipids estimated in different
      tissues by the enzymatic method were 10.06 +/- 0.64 (guinea pig liver), 4.3 +/-
      0.15 (rat liver), 2.1 (rat testis), 1.5 (rad kidney) and 1.2 (rat brain).
      Monoacylglycerol 3-phosphate, i.e., lysophosphatidic acid, which was co-purified
      with acyldihydroxyacetone phosphate, was found to be present in relatively larger
      amounts in tissues. The amounts (nmol/g) of this lipid, estimated by
      enzymatically measuring the amounts of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate released after
      alkaline methanolysis of the partially purified lipid extracts, were 143 (guinea
      pig liver), 58 (rat liver), 53 (rat kidney) and 92 (rat brain). Stearic acid
      (18:0) was found to be the major (65%) fatty acid present in the
      lysophosphatidate purified from guinea pig liver.

PMID- 6388644
TI  - Localization of epoxide-metabolizing enzymes in rat testis.
AB  - Antibodies raised against rat hepatic epoxide hydrolase (EC 3.3.2.3) and
      glutathione S-transferases (EC 2.5.1.18) B, C and E were used to determine the
      presence and localizations of these epoxide-metabolizing enzymes in testes of
      sexually immature and mature Wistar and Holtzman rats. Unlabeled antibody
      peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining for each enzyme was readily detected in rat
      testes at the light microscopic level. Although significant strain-related
      differences were not apparent, staining intensity for certain enzymes differed
      markedly between Leydig cells and seminiferous tubules. Leydig cells of immature
      and mature rats were stained much more intensely for epoxide hydrolase and
      glutathione S-transferases B and E than were seminiferous tubules, whereas
      Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids, as well as Leydig
      cells, were stained intensely by the anti-glutathione S-transferase C. Age
      related differences in staining for glutathione S-transferase B were not obvious,
      while the anti-glutathione S-transferase C stained seminiferous tubules more
      intensely in immature rats, and antibodies to epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S
      transferases C and E stained Leydig cells much more intensely in mature rats.
      These observations thus demonstrate that testes of both sexually immature and
      mature rats contain epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferases. Except for
      glutathione S-transferase C in immature rats, Leydig cells appear to contain much
      higher levels of enzymes than do seminiferous tubules. During sexual maturation,
      the testicular level of glutathione S-transferase B appears to remain constant,
      while levels of epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferases C and E increase
      within Leydig cells and the level of glutathione S-transferase C decreases within
      seminiferous tubules.

PMID- 6388645
TI  - Quantification of SSB protein in E. coli and its variation during RECA protein
      induction.
AB  - Using a two-site immunometric assay (IRMA) we quantified the concentration of
      single-stranded DNA binding protein (SSB) in several E. coli strains. We found
      approximately 7,000 monomers of SSB present per bacterium, and this number
      remained constant throughout the exponential phase of growth. Two ssb- mutants
      (ssb-1 and ssb-113) are defective in the induction of the S.O.S. pathway. One of
      the first functions expressed upon induction of the S.O.S. pathway is the
      amplification of recA protein (RECA), which we monitored by an IRMA assay similar
      to the one used for SSB quantification. By combining the two assays we determined
      the level of SSB and RECA in ssb- mutants or in SSB and RECA overproducer
      strains. We found: a) a normal induction of RECA following UV irradiation of E.
      coli bacteria overproducing SSB, b) a normal level of SSB in wild type and ssb-1
      and ssb-113 mutants either in the absence or in the presence of S.O.S. inducing
      agents. We confirmed a severe impairment in the induction of RECA in these two
      mutants after nalidixic acid treatment. Our results suggest that the
      concentrations of RECA and SSB protein in E. coli are regulated by independent
      biochemical pathways.

PMID- 6388646
TI  - [Effect of triiodothyronine and hydrocortisone on aldolase metabolism in the rat
      liver].
AB  - The biosynthesis, spontaneous breakdown and lifetime of rat liver aldolase after
      a single injection of thyroid adreno-cortical hormones were studied.
      Triiodothyronine and hydrocortisone were shown to have a pronounced effect on the
      enzyme metabolism.

PMID- 6388647
TI  - [Changes in enzyme activity as affected by ultrasound in different functional
      states of the liver].
AB  - Simultaneous determination of aldolase fructose-1-phosphate activity in the liver
      and blood plasma of experimental rats gives possibility to judge of histohaematic
      permeability of liver barriers. The presence and advancement of the pathological
      process in liver is characterized by acid maltase activity. Normalization of
      histohaematic barrier permeability is observed after ultrasonic action of 0.2
      wt/cm2 intensity on the liver area in experimentally induced immunological
      hepatitis.

PMID- 6388648
TI  - [Catalase and superoxide dismutase activity in isogenous bacterial strains with
      different degrees of radioresistance].
AB  - Superoxide dismutase and catalase activity has been studied in isogenous strains
      of various radioresistance bacteria. In mutants Micrococcus radiodurans having
      defects in the systems of DNA repair the superoxide dismutase activity is lower
      than in cells of wild type. The changes of catalase and superoxide dismutase
      activity have not been revealed in investigated strains Escherichia coli
      differing in radioresistance. It has been concluded that the survival of bacteria
      exposed to ionizing radiation is determined by the effectiveness of DNA repair
      systems realiability of which depends on the catalase and superoxide dismutase
      activity.

PMID- 6388649
TI  - [Effect of nitrosourea in small doses on the frequency of mutation in Salmonella
      typhimurium].
AB  - The effect of N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU), N-nitroso-N,N'-dimethylurea (NDMU)
      and N-nitroso-N-ethylurea (NEU) at doses less than 100 mkg/ml on mutability of
      Salmonella typhimurium strains of Ames' system (G-46, TA-1950, TA-1535, TA-100,
      TA-1538) has been studied. NMU and NEU at doses of 5-10 mkg/ml have been found to
      increase the survival and decrease the number of reversions from auxotrophity in
      histidine to prototrophity. The effect of given doses of NMU and NEU on bacteria
      repair activity has been shown. The role of pk M101 plasmide in this process is
      being discussed. NDMU in contrast to NMU and NEU induces read frome shift
      mutations and exhibits high mutagenous activity at all doses examined.

PMID- 6388650
TI  - [Imaging procedures in medical diagnosis: possibilities and limits].

PMID- 6388651
TI  - Mathematical modeling of stimulus-secretion coupling in the pancreatic beta-cell.
      III. Glucose-induced inhibition of calcium efflux.
AB  - The inhibitory effect of glucose upon 45Ca efflux from prelabeled pancreatic
      islets was simulated in a mathematical model for Ca2+-cyclic AMP interaction in
      the process of glucose-induced insulin release. At variance with a previous
      interpretation, it was postulated that glucose inhibits 45Ca efflux by
      facilitating the uptake of the cation by the vacuolar system. The latter
      facilitation did not hinder glucose from provoking a rapid accumulation of
      cytosolic Ca2+ and, hence, insulin release. The postulated facilitation was also
      suitable in simulating the effect of glucose upon 45Ca efflux, uptake, and
      intracellular distribution in the pancreatic islets.

PMID- 6388652
TI  - Fluorescence quenching of Trp-314 of liver alcohol dehydrogenase by oxygen.
AB  - The quenching of the fluorescence of liver alcohol dehydrogenase (LADH) by
      molecular oxygen has been studied by both fluorescence lifetime and intensity
      measurements. This was done in the presence of 1 M acrylamide which selectively
      quenches the fluorescence of the surface tryptophan residue, Trp-15, thus
      allowing us to focus on the quenching of the deeply buried tryptophan, Trp-314,
      by molecular oxygen. Such studies yielded a Stern-Volmer plot of F0/F with a
      greater slope than the corresponding tau o/tau plot. This indicates that both
      dynamic and static quenching of Trp-314 occurs. The temperature dependence of the
      dynamic quenching of LADH by oxygen was also studied at three temperatures, from
      which we determined the activation enthalpy for the quenching of Trp-314 to be
      about 10 kcal/mol. The oxygen quenching of a ternary complex of LADH, NAD+ and
      trifluoroethanol was also studied. The rate constant for dynamic quenching of Trp
      314 by oxygen was found to be approximately the same in the ternary complex as
      that in the unliganded enzyme.

PMID- 6388653
TI  - Structural fluctuations in aspartate transcarbamylase. Succinimide quenching and
      fluorescence depolarization of tryptophan and tyrosine residues.
AB  - The effects of binding of various effector ligands on the dynamics of aspartate
      transcarbamylase (ATCase, c6r6) and on its regulatory (r2) and catalytic (c3)
      subunits were characterized by examining succinimide quenching of the intrinsic
      fluorescence, and by measurement of the lifetime-resolved anisotropies. The
      lifetimes of the tryptophan residues in c3 and c6r6 are about 1.7 ns while those
      of tyrosine residues in r2 are 2.7 ns. These lifetimes are not significantly
      altered by the binding of various substrates, substrate analogs and nucleotides.
      The effects of ligand binding on the accessibility of both tyrosine and
      tryptophan residues to the quencher are modest in all cases, though the changes
      are in the same direction as seen using other physicochemical techniques such as
      hydrogen exchange (M. Lennick and N.M. Allewell, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78
      (1981) 6759). The tryptophan residues in both c3 and c6r6 are immobilized whereas
      the tyrosine residues of r2 have some motional freedom. Ligands have no effect on
      the immobilized tryptophan residues in c3 and c6r6, while binding of nucleotides
      to r2 results in a small decrease in the motional freedom of the tyrosine
      residues. These results suggest that the protein matrix around the aromatic amino
      acids in r2, c3 and c6r6 is rather rigid and that local effects of ligands on the
      dynamics of these residues, and that of the surrounding protein matrix, are
      minor. They are in general agreement with the results of the crystal structure
      determination (R.B. Honzatko et al., J. Mol. Biol. 160 (1982) 219).

PMID- 6388654
TI  - Effect of posture and a mineralocorticoid on the glucose-induced hypokalemia in
      man.
AB  - Physiologic suppression of glucose-induced hypokalemia by the upright posture was
      not mediated by changes in insulin or aldosterone and was uninfluenced by a
      pharmacologic dose of a mineralocorticoid.

PMID- 6388655
TI  - Stimulation of insulin secretion from isolated rat islets of Langerhans by
      melittin.
AB  - Melittin, an amphipathic polypeptide, stimulated the secretion of insulin from
      rat islets of Langerhans incubated in vitro. The secretory response was dose
      dependent and saturable with half the maximal response elicited by a melittin
      concentration of 4 micrograms/ml. The response was rapid in onset, an increase in
      secretion occurring within 2 min of exposure of the islets to melittin (2
      micrograms/ml). An enhanced secretory rate could be maintained for at least 40
      min in the presence of melittin but declined steadily when the agent was removed.
      Stimulation of secretion by melittin occurred in the absence of glucose and in
      the presence of both 4 mM and 8 mM glucose but not in the presence of 20 mM
      glucose. The effect of melittin on secretion was dependent on the presence of
      extracellular calcium but was not inhibited by norepinephrine. The data suggest
      that melittin may be a valuable agent for further study of the role played by the
      B-cell plasma membrane in the regulation of insulin secretion.

PMID- 6388656
TI  - [Intestinal peptidase content of the mucous coat of the small intestine in dogs].
AB  - The content of leucine aminopeptidase, cathepsins B and D was measured in the
      mucous coating of the small intestine and duodenal juice of adult fistula dogs.
      It was shown that inhibitory assay was mandatory for measuring the content of
      intestinal peptidases. The authors discuss the possibility of hydrolysis of food
      substrates in the parietal layer of the mucous coating by proteolytic enzymes of
      both intestinal and pancreatic origin.

PMID- 6388657
TI  - [Role of prostacyclin in the antiaggregation activity of the vascular wall].
AB  - A comparative study was made of the changes in the anti-aggregate effect of
      crystalline prostacyclin and substances secreted by vascular segment after
      incubation in platelet rich plasma. The anti aggregate effect of the vascular
      wall was shown to be determined not only by prostacyclin but also by a number of
      other substances that differ from the latter in the effect pattern on platelets
      and stability in plasma. Evidence is provided in favour of the fact that the
      basal level of anti-aggregate activity of the vascular wall and its changes
      induced by different factors depend on the pro-/anti-aggregate ratio in a complex
      of agents released into plasma by the vascular wall.

PMID- 6388658
TI  - [Effect of an immobilized insulin preparation on the metabolic processes in
      burned rats].
AB  - A single subcutaneous injection of a long-acting immobilized insulin preparation
      activated biosynthetic events in the liver and skin of the burnt animals and
      slowed down tissue degradation as evidenced by creatine excretion. This insulin
      preparation can be successfully used for the treatment of burnt patients in order
      to stimulate metabolism and maintain normoglycemia.

PMID- 6388659
TI  - [Adrenaline-induced autorhythmic activity in the isolated atrial myocardium of
      mitral stenosis patients and its suppression by etmozin and ethacizin (the
      diethylamino analog of etmozin)].
AB  - The authors studied the effect of the new Soviet antiarrhythmic phenothiazine
      drugs etmozine and etacizine (a diethylamine analog of etmozine) on the
      adrenaline-induced (10(-4)M) autorhythmic activity of the myocardium of the atria
      of patients with mitral stenosis. Different types of autorhythmic activity
      occurring in the myocytes of the atria of patients with mitral stenosis are
      described. It was established that neither etmozine nor etacizine produce any
      significant changes in the action potential (AP) amplitude and in the maximal
      diastolic potential of spontaneous AP. However, the action of etacizine on the
      rate of diastolic depolarization and the frequency of AP discharges was more
      remarkable. Moreover, etacizine (10(-5) g/ml) completely suppressed autorhythmic
      activity of the myocytes in 60% of the preparations whereas etmozine administered
      at the same concentration only in 33%. It is assumed that substantially higher
      efficacy of etacizine in the reduction of the adrenaline-induced autorhythmic
      activity in human atrial fibers as compared with etmozine is explained by the
      action of etacizine not only on the fast sodium current but also on the slow
      calcium current.

PMID- 6388660
TI  - [Action of diucifon-treated syngeneic splenic cells of mice on the magnitude of
      the immune response].
AB  - It was demonstrated previously that treatment of lymphocytes with the
      immunostimulant diucifon leads to the secretion of a substance having the
      biological activity of T cell growth factor. The present work demonstrates that
      injection into mice on the day of immunization of spleen syngeneic cells treated
      with diucifon increases the immune response 3-5-fold as compared to the action of
      untreated cells. Injection of spleen cells incubated without diucifon on day 3
      after immunization significantly increases the immune response as compared with
      control. The cells treated with diucifon and injected at the same time reduce the
      immune response as compared with the action of spleen cells incubated without
      diucifon. The data obtained can be used during immunostimulant therapy.

PMID- 6388661
TI  - [New aspects of the preservation of beta cells from the human fetal pancreas by
      means of regular passages].
AB  - A study was made of the possibility of preserving embryonal beta-cells of the
      human pancreas up to one year by subcultivation. High insulin-secreting activity
      of the cultures with many-layered foci in free-floating spherical colonies of
      beta-cells was recorded.

PMID- 6388662
TI  - Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies recognizing two
      distinct differentiation antigens (Pro-Im1, Pro-Im2) on early hematopoietic
      cells.
AB  - A series of monoclonal antibodies recognizing myeloid differentiation antigens
      were prepared by immunizing Balb/c mice with HL-60 cells. Hybrids secreting
      antibodies reactive with HL-60 cells but unreactive with peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells were isolated and further cloned. One clone was found to
      produce an IgG2a antibody recognizing an 85,000-dalton molecular weight surface
      glycoprotein, and a second clone was found to produce an IgM antibody recognizing
      a heat-stable determinant present on a glycolipid. We have termed these antigens
      Pro-Im1 and Pro-Im2, respectively (Pro for using HL-60 promyelocytes as an
      immunogen and Im for the presence of these antigens on immature cells). alpha Pro
      Im1 and alpha Pro-Im2 were used to investigate the surface expression and tissue
      distribution of these two antigens. Pro-Im1 and Pro-Im2 were found to be brightly
      expressed on a fraction of fetal liver hematopoietic and bone marrow cells. Both
      antibodies mediated complement-dependent inhibition of CFU-GM, BFU-E, and CFU
      GEMM formation assayed by soft agar colony and burst formation, indicating the
      expression of these antigens by early hematopoietic precursor cells. This was
      further confirmed by the induction of HL-60 cells by TPA to differentiate into
      more mature monocytes and macrophages, accompanied by the loss of both antigens.
      Pro-Im1 and Pro-Im2 were absent from peripheral blood monocytes, erythrocytes,
      and platelets, but Pro-Im2 was expressed on granulocytes. Both antigens were
      absent from thymocytes and peripheral T cells. Cytofluorographic analysis
      suggested their absence from peripheral blood B cells but that both were
      expressed on a minority of tissue B cells. Analysis of 150 cases of various
      myeloid and lymphoid malignancies demonstrated Pro-Im1 and Pro-Im2 expression on
      myeloblasts and promyelocytes from some acute myelogenous leukemias as well as
      some B cell malignancies, suggesting that these antigens are shared by early
      hematopoietic cells and a subset of B cells.

PMID- 6388663
TI  - Therapeutic experience on 934 adults with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura:
      Multicentric Trial of the Cooperative Latin American group on Hemostasis and
      Thrombosis.
AB  - In order to analyze the usefulness of different types of treatment in relation to
      the interval since the onset of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), a
      collaborative study of 934 adult patients was undertaken. Prednisone was
      administered to 818 patients, and 32% of them achieved prolonged complete
      remission (PCR). However, only 14% of patients who had ITP for more than six
      months achieved a prednisone-induced PCR (P less than .01). Splenectomy was done
      in 399 patients, and 65% of them achieved PCR; the remission rate did not vary
      with the interval since the onset of ITP. Of 120 patients with chronic ITP that
      was refractory to corticosteroids and splenectomy, 91 received either
      azathioprine or cyclophosphamide; 21% of them achieved PCR and 55% had a
      favorable response. None of 19 patients treated with vincristine and only one of
      ten patients treated with vinblastine-loaded platelets achieved PCR.

PMID- 6388664
TI  - Effect of hepatic dysfunction on oral cyclosporin pharmacokinetics in marrow
      transplant patients.
AB  - The effect of hepatic dysfunction, defined as abnormal serum bilirubin level, on
      oral cyclosporin (CSP) pharmacokinetics was examined in 28 marrow transplant
      patients who received CSP for prophylaxis of graft-v-host disease. Serum CSP
      concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. Forty-one concentration-time
      courses were studied, divided among patients with no (less than 1.2 mg/dL), mild
      (1.2 to 2.0 mg/dL), and moderate (2.0 to 5.0 mg/dL) hepatic dysfunction. CSP
      elimination, as determined by elimination rate constant and clearance, was
      delayed in patients with moderate hepatic dysfunction compared to those with no
      hepatic dysfunction (P less than .05). The volume of distribution, lag time for
      absorption, maximum serum concentration, and time at which the maximum
      concentration was achieved was not affected by hepatic function. These data
      indicate that patients with moderate hepatic dysfunction have delayed CSP or CSP
      metabolite elimination and may be at higher risk for developing CSP-related
      toxicity.

PMID- 6388665
TI  - Stimulation of prostacyclin synthesis in vascular cells by mononuclear cell
      products.
AB  - Supernatants were obtained from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
      stimulated with phytohemagglutinin or in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. The effect
      of mononuclear cell products on vascular prostacyclin (PGI2) production was
      measured using cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC) or aortic rings.
      PGI2 was measured by radioimmunoassay of its metabolite, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha.
      Supernatants containing mononuclear cell products induced PGI2 production in
      vascular tissue. Supernatant-induced PGI2 production of SMC was relatively slow,
      requiring more than six hours of incubation with supernatants, and was completely
      prevented by aspirin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. The regulation of arachidonic
      acid metabolism by products of stimulated mononuclear cells, which is critical to
      the physiology and pathology of blood vessels, may be an important aspect of the
      interaction between immunocompetent cells and vascular tissue.

PMID- 6388666
TI  - Purging murine leukemic marrow with alkyl-lysophospholipids.
AB  - Autologous bone marrow transplantation is potentially curative in the treatment
      of acute leukemia if residual leukemic cells in the marrow can be eliminated
      prior to transplantation. We studied the purging effects of a synthetic alkyl
      lysophospholipid (ALP) on marrow containing leukemic cells from a transplantable
      myelomonocytic leukemia (WEHI-3B) in BALB/c mice. Simulated remission bone marrow
      containing 2% leukemic cells treated in vitro with 20 and 100 micrograms/mL of ET
      18-OCH3 (1-octadecyl-2-methyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine) significantly
      prolonged survival of lethally irradiated transplanted recipients. At a dose of
      100 micrograms/mL, 88% of the mice survived for the duration of the experiment
      (approximately five months). Autopsies showed that 25% of these survivors had
      microscopic evidence of leukemia. Thus, in vitro treatment of marrow eliminated
      leukemic blasts and spared sufficient normal stem cells to allow hematologic
      reconstitution. The effect of ET-18-OCH3 is not entirely selective for leukemic
      cells. A spleen colony assay showed that ALP has some cytotoxic effect on normal
      hematopoietic stem cells.

PMID- 6388667
TI  - Laminar air flow versus barrier nursing in marrow transplant recipients.
AB  - Forty-eight patients with acute leukaemia in relapse (n = 14), acute leukaemia in
      complete remission (n = 19), chronic myeloid leukaemia (n = 8) or severe aplastic
      anaemia (n = 7) received a marrow transplant. The first 26 patients were nursed
      in laminar-air-flow plastic isolators while the next 22 patients were treated in
      barrier nursing rooms. Gnotobiotic parameters and morbidity in the 2 groups are
      compared. Good decontamination of the gastro-intestinal tract was obtained using
      either of the 2 isolation techniques. The incidence of bacterial and mycotic
      infections, as well as the supportive care required by the patients was almost
      equal in both groups. Our results also suggest that the incidence of graft versus
      host disease may decrease with efficient decontamination of the patients.

PMID- 6388668
TI  - Further evidence for the B-cell nature of hairy cells. A study using
      immunostaining of splenic tissue with a wide panel of monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Phenotypic characterization of neoplastic cells from 5 patients with hairy cell
      leukemia (HCL) was performed with 29 monoclonal and 6 polyclonal (anti-Ig)
      antibodies using immunoperoxidase staining of fresh frozen splenic tissue.
      Monotypic Ig was expressed in 4 cases, one case was non-expressive. Strong
      staining was obtained in all cases by monoclonal antibodies (MAs) specific for 3
      pan-B-lymphocyte antigens (by anti-B 1, To 15, anti-Leu 12). Five other B-cell
      related antigens detectable with appropriate MAs (BA-1, anti-B2, DAKO-C3 b R, Tu
      1, 38.13) were absent in all cases. The stainings with 13 T-cell associated MAs
      (OKT 3, OKT 4, anti-Leu 3 a, OKT 6, OKT 8, Tu 68, OKT 10, anti-Lyt 2, Tu 71, OKT
      11, anti-Lyt 3, Tu 14, Tu 33) were all negative. Stainings with 4 MAs recognizing
      myelocytic and/or monocytic antigens (OKM 1, anti-Mo 1, anti-Mo 2, 3 C4) were
      also negative. We included 14 frozen biopsies with B-type chronic lymphatic
      leukemia (B-CLL) into our immunohistological study in order to establish
      phenotypic differences between HCL and B-CLL. Five MAs (Tu 1, anti-Lyt 2, Tu 71,
      BA-1 and anti-B2) gave consistently negative staining in HCL cases but positive
      staining in most or all B-CLL cases. The study provides significant evidence for
      the B-cell nature of HCL and also establishes important phenotypic differences
      between HCL and B-CLL.

PMID- 6388669
TI  - Studies of four Japanese families with hereditary angioneurotic edema:
      simultaneous activation of plasma protease systems and exogenous triggering
      stimuli.
AB  - Forty-five relatives of 4 families with hereditary angioneurotic edema (HANE)
      were studied. Twenty-five, including 11 asymptomatic kindreds with the
      disposition, showed typical changes in complement system compatible with HANE.
      Follow-up study of HANE patients showed that, even in remission period,
      complement, coagulation and fibrinolytic systems can be activated. During edema
      attacks, moderate haemoconcentration and neutrophilia were encountered and
      kallikrein-kinin system was found to be also activated. Replacement therapy with
      C 1-inhibitor preparation for an edema attack revealed that clinical improvement
      paralleled the increase in blood levels of high molecular weight kininogen. Thus,
      HANE attack is considered to be elicited in kindreds with the hereditary
      disposition by activation of plasma protease systems, particularly by that of
      kallikrein-kinin system. On the other hand, exogenous triggers that can initiate
      activation of the protease systems can be classified into 2, neuro-humoral
      (sympathetic nerve response) and physico-chemical, categories. Hence, the edema
      attack of kindreds with the hereditary disposition can at least be modified by
      the biosynthesis of plasma factors and the individual susceptibility to the
      liberated catecholamines. These two different reaction processes are considered
      to be linked by the release of plasminogen activator and/or Hageman factor
      activating enzyme.

PMID- 6388670
TI  - No narcosis for bone marrow harvest in autologous bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - A prospective study with mild general analgesia and sedation together with local
      anesthesia during bone marrow harvest was performed. Thirty-one patients
      underwent 33 bone marrow collections. Pretreatment consisted of 100 mg meperidine
      i.m. and 20 mg diazepam i.m. 1 h before start of procedure. Eight patients got
      additional meperidine and diazepam during the procedure, all patients got
      lidocaine 1% locally. A mean volume of 1.321 was obtained with 42.5 punctures.
      Twenty-two patients had no complications, 4 vomited, 4 had easily correctable
      hypotension of short duration, one got oxygen for cyanosis of short duration.
      Acceptance was good in 23 patients, in 6 reasonably well, in two bad. Only one
      patient experienced pain problems, due to suction. Anxiety was no major problem
      due to good information before the procedure and mild sedation. This form of
      anesthesia for bone marrow collection is a safe procedure, it is generally well
      accepted by the patient and it can be performed on an out-patient basis.

PMID- 6388671
TI  - [Adjuvant chemotherapy of cancer: definition, prognosis, statistical aspects].
AB  - Once the need for adjuvant chemotherapy has been defined with precision, it is
      important to specify when it may be employed. Two factors determine the decision
      to use this form of therapy: a) the notion of the presence of malignant tumor,
      sensitive to chemotherapy (breast, bone ovary), b) knowledge of the elements of
      prognosis. The probability of relapse is estimated on the basis of these two
      latter points. Adjuvant chemotherapy is prescribed in cases where the risk of
      relapse is quite important, attaining 40 to 50 per cent. Its effectiveness can be
      assessed only with rigorous statistical rules. Randomization only permits a
      comparison of adjuvant chemotherapy to a control group. Certain errors must be
      avoided in the interpretation of the results: inaccurate analysis of results such
      as median comparisons; comparison of the number of deaths or the number of
      relapses; exclusion of patients after randomization. Only the comparison of the
      remission duration curves by a test adapted to the form of the curves (Log rank
      test or Weibull's test) seems justified.

PMID- 6388672
TI  - [General evaluation of adjuvant chemotherapy trials in breast cancer (excluding
      the Milan trial)].
AB  - In this general review of adjuvant chemotherapy clinical trial in breast cancer
      (with the exception of that of Milan), we shall try to answer the following
      questions: Is adjuvant chemotherapy useful and if so, for what precise purpose?
      Is polychemotherapy superior to monochemotherapy and if so, in what cases is it
      to be preferred? Can we determine the best time for beginning chemotherapy in
      relation to surgery? Could a shorter course of chemotherapy be equivalent to a
      longer one? Are there breast cancer subsets which particularly need adjuvant
      chemotherapy? After discussion of these questions, the answers are certainly
      affirmative although not perfectly outlined and the need for complementary trials
      is paramount if we want to obtain a consensus.

PMID- 6388673
TI  - [Role of chemotherapy in adjuvant treatment of breast cancer: modulation of the
      immune status].
AB  - Adjuvant antimitotic chemotherapy increases the survival rates of patients
      suffering from breast cancer with nodes involvement, but its effects on the
      immune status are still unclear. The immune status of these patients was studied
      from the general point of view and particularly from the antitumoral immunity.
      The most studies which have been made, indicated a such immunity was present, and
      proved it was more important when the tumor's invasiveness is limited without
      node involvement. From a general point of view, when an immunologic impairment is
      present in patients with breast cancer, it seems to have a poor prognosis. Many
      modulations of this immune status are determined by the treatment's modalities:
      surgery and radiotherapy have more or less local or general immunologic effects
      and in certain conditions, antimitotic chemotherapy is immunosuppressive, but it
      may also interfere as an immunoregulator with a good effect on antibody secreting
      cells or on suppressive cells. Several situations may be considered according to
      the tumor immunogenicity and the host immunologic competence. In these different
      cases, immunotherapy is not always indicated and when this one is, its
      specificity is still not sufficient. The recent results of specific or non
      specific immunotherapy trials performed after locoregional treatment or
      antimitotic chemotherapy are generally not significant and do not lead us to
      propose a modulation of immune status without controlled trials.

PMID- 6388674
TI  - Computer-aided, CT-guided biopsy and brachytherapy of brain tumors.
AB  - The authors present the principles of computer-aided, CT-guided stereotaxis as it
      applies to the modified Riechert-Mundinger equipment. A preliminary report on 20
      prospectively biopsied and interstitially radiated patients with cerebral mass
      lesions is discussed. 192Ir served as the interstitial isotope exclusively. To
      date the results are encouraging and complement the European experience. However,
      a great deal of improvement is possible, particularly in the sophistication of
      interstitial radiation of brain tumors; all well within presently available
      technology.

PMID- 6388675
TI  - CT-guided aspiration of a cysticercotic thalamic cyst.
AB  - Removal of either parenchymal or intraventricular cysts in neurocysticercosis has
      traditionally necessitated operative intervention with its concomitant morbidity
      and mortality (L. Stepien and J. Chorobski, Arch Neurol Psychiat Chicago
      1949;61:499-527; L. Stepien, J. Neurosurg 1962;19:505-13). To our knowledge,
      percutaneous parenchymal cyst aspiration to reduce mass effect has not been
      previously reported. We describe a case of successful CT-guided percutaneous
      thalamic cyst puncture and aspiration to reduce both obstructive hydrocephalus
      and raised intracranial pressure.

PMID- 6388676
TI  - The historical relationship between Japanese dentistry and the Federation
      Dentaire Internationale.

PMID- 6388677
TI  - Oddments in dental history: what every sea surgeon of around 1600 ought to know
      concerning treating teeth.

PMID- 6388678
TI  - Walt Disney, dentistry and the Armed Forces during World War II.

PMID- 6388679
TI  - Early dental charlatans and quacks.

PMID- 6388680
TI  - Dentists of Chicago before the Great Fire.

PMID- 6388681
TI  - Dentistry in folk art XIX: a dentist's show window.

PMID- 6388682
TI  - A French woman dentist who gave her life as a freedom fighter against the Nazis.

PMID- 6388683
TI  - The miracle man of the Western Front; the story of Dr. Varaztad Kazanjian.

PMID- 6388684
TI  - Classics in dental history. Observations on war surgery of the face and jaws By
      Varaztad H. Kazanjian: Dental Cosmos, 62:283-294, 1920.

PMID- 6388685
TI  - Sweet charity: state aid to hospitals in Pennsylvania, 1870-1910.

PMID- 6388686
TI  - Galen in the eyes of his contemporaries.

PMID- 6388687
TI  - Plagues and pestilence in Polynesia: the nineteenth-century Cook Islands
      experience.

PMID- 6388688
TI  - The concept of the family doctor.

PMID- 6388689
TI  - The early nineteenth-century French public health movement: the disciplinary
      development and institutionalization of hygiene publique.

PMID- 6388690
TI  - "The right and wrong of making experiments on human beings": Udo J. Wile and
      syphilis.

PMID- 6388692
TI  - The review article in MEDLINE: ambiguity of definition and implications for
      online searchers.
AB  - The definition of a "review article" is examined from the viewpoints of the
      National Library of Medicine and of the patron. Implications of the differing
      interpretations of "review article" are discussed and possible alternative online
      search strategies are presented.

PMID- 6388691
TI  - Looking backward, 1984-1959: twenty-five years of library automation--a personal
      view.
AB  - A brief profile of Janet Doe is given. Twenty-five years of library automation
      are reviewed from the author's point of view. Major projects such as the SUNY
      Biomedical Communication Network and the Regional Online Union Catalog of the
      Greater Midwest Regional Medical Library Network are discussed. Important figures
      in medical library automation are considered, as is the major role played by the
      National Library of Medicine.

PMID- 6388693
TI  - Journal article overlap among Index Medicus, Science Citation Index, Biological
      Abstracts, and Chemical Abstracts.
AB  - Journal article overlap is defined as the same journal article being indexed by
      two or more services. Using journal references from seventy dissertations written
      in the preclinical sciences, the extent of journal article overlap among Index
      Medicus, Science Citation Index, Biological Abstracts, and Chemical Abstracts was
      examined. Of the 7,969 journal references cited, 92% were indexed by at least two
      of these services; 591 articles were covered by only one of the services, and 55
      articles were not indexed. A discussion of the advantages and costs of journal
      article overlap is presented.

PMID- 6388694
TI  - Osler and bookworms--the "Henry connection".
AB  - Insect bookworms were a little-known interest of Sir William Osler and F. P.
      Henry. Each man wrote an article on the subject, Osler's appearing thirteen years
      after that of Henry. Several unpublished communications regarding Osler's
      interest in bookworms are discussed. A recently-discovered 1903 inscription to
      Henry demonstrates Osler's early interest in bookworms and suggests that Henry
      may have been an important influence in generating that interest.

PMID- 6388695
TI  - Online searching by microcomputer.
AB  - Adding a telecommunications package to a microcomputer provides a new way to
      perform online bibliographic searching, called microsearching. Using the IBM PC
      microcomputer/Hayes Smartmodem 1200B combination for microsearching, an
      information service can produce custom-tailored bibliographies for individuals
      and topical bibliographies for group distribution.

PMID- 6388696
TI  - Selected list of books and journals in allied health sciences.
AB  - This list of 450 books and 67 journals is intended as a selection guide to be
      used in a library supporting allied health educational programs and personnel in
      either an academic or health care setting. Due to the necessity of limiting the
      scope of coverage because of the large number and wide variety of allied health
      professions and occupations, the recommended publications are focused mainly on
      the twenty-six educational programs accredited by the Committee on Allied Health
      Education and Accreditation of the American Medical Association, in addition to
      programs in allied dental health and medical secretarial skills. Books are
      categorized by broad subject followed by an author/editor index; journals are
      listed alphabetically by title. To purchase the entire collection of books and to
      pay for annual (1984) journal subscriptions would require a total expenditure of
      approximately $15,000.

PMID- 6388697
TI  - Medical Library Association position on the National Library of Medicine's
      pricing policy.

PMID- 6388698
TI  - [Eulogy to Professor Albert Claude, honorary member of the Royal Academy].

PMID- 6388699
TI  - Presentation of The Academy Plaque to August H. Groeschel, M. D.

PMID- 6388700
TI  - Presentation of the Academy medal to Vincent P. Dole, M.D.

PMID- 6388701
TI  - Choroidal space-taking lesions with special reference to ultrasonography.

PMID- 6388702
TI  - Long-term venous access.
AB  - The aim of this review is to outline the indications and provide a historical
      perspective of its development. The current complications are emphasized with the
      hope that greater caution and vigilance will lead to a reduction in their
      frequency. Finally, details of several techniques are described for gaining long
      term venous access for critically ill or injured patients.

PMID- 6388703
TI  - Penetrating Marjolin's ulcer of scalp involving bone and dura mater treated by
      wide excision and direct application of a split-skin graft on the brain: a 10
      year follow-up.
AB  - A case is presented of a patient with a massive Marjolin's ulcer arising in
      chronic scarring of the forehead following an avulsion injury of the scalp at the
      age of 20. The tumour had invaded the skull and the dura mater. The lesion was
      radically excised leaving the brain itself widely exposed at the base of the
      wound. The defect was covered with a thick sheet of split-skin taken with a
      Padgett dermatome. At follow-up 10 years later the patient is alive and well with
      no symptoms and no recurrence of the tumour.

PMID- 6388704
TI  - Doppler ultrasound in the evaluation of experimental microvascular grafts.
AB  - A study was made to evaluate the accuracy of Doppler ultrasound in assessing
      patency in experimental microvascular grafts in rats. In 20 animals, pre
      operative assessment produced a phasic wave form and audio signal consistent with
      arterial flow when the Doppler probe was placed over the groin crease. Ten
      animals then had a sham operation exposing the femoral vessels through a groin
      crease incision. The remaining 10 had a 10 mm segment of femoral artery excised
      to simulate an occluded graft. These animals were re-assessed 18 to 20 days later
      and the wave form and audio signal of arterial flow were detectable in the sham
      operated animals with the probe placed below the groin incision. No signal was
      elicited at this site in the animals whose femoral arteries had been excised.
      When these principles were applied to 20 rats with microvenous grafts and 20 with
      1 mm PTFE grafts in the femoral artery we predicted graft patency with 100%
      accuracy. This non-invasive technique is inexpensive and highly accurate.

PMID- 6388705
TI  - The possible applications of a composite skin and subcutaneous vein graft in the
      replantation of amputated digits.
AB  - A composite graft of skin and attached vein was taken from the dorsal aspect of
      the foot and used in the replantation of 6 amputated digits in 5 patients which
      were complicated by loss of skin and blood vessels and with exposed bone and
      tendon. The 5 replanted digits survived in 4 patients. Complete survival of the
      skin graft was achieved in two digits and partial necrosis occurred in three
      digits. The technique is put forward as a possible method of vascular
      reconstruction in which skin loss is complicated by exposure of the deeper
      structures i.e., bone, tendon and/or joint.

PMID- 6388706
TI  - Immediate excision and skin graft of a friction burn in a replanted thumb with a
      note on its usefulness and indications.
AB  - A case is presented in which an area of friction burn was excised from the dorsum
      of a replanted thumb and the wound closed with a split-skin graft. In our
      experience successful revascularisation of similar injuries has often been
      followed by progressive venous failure. It is suggested that this technique, by
      decompressing the tissues, may prevent stagnation and propagation of thrombus,
      protect the interpositional graft and avoid subsequent venous failure with loss
      of the replanted digit.

PMID- 6388707
TI  - A combination of scissors and micro-forceps: a new microsurgical instrument.

PMID- 6388708
TI  - A modification of the Gillies needleholder.

PMID- 6388709
TI  - In the interest of accuracy. A classification of fascio-cutaneous flaps according
      to their patterns of vascularisation.

PMID- 6388710
TI  - Hyperparathyroidism and paranoid psychosis. Case report and review of the
      literature.
AB  - Literature on psychiatric manifestations of hyperparathyroidism published in the
      last four decades confirms the unusual features of a case of paranoid psychosis
      secondary to a parathyroid-adenoma-induced hypercalcaemia. Affective and organic
      symptoms are overwhelmingly dominant in hypercalcaemic patients; the majority of
      cases reported are women of 50 years or older, who have been vaguely ill for a
      prolonged time before the actual endocrinopathy appears. The severity of the
      psychiatric symptoms does not seem to be related to the degree of hypercalcaemia.
      Recent findings link the role of calcium and related ions in the production of
      psychopathological symptoms to membrane phenomena, dopaminergic activity, and
      neuroendocrine regulation.

PMID- 6388711
TI  - The hyperventilation syndrome. A pilot study on the effectiveness of treatment.
AB  - The aim of the study was to discover the relative effectiveness of four methods
      of treating patients suffering from hyperventilation attacks. The methods used
      were: breathing and relaxation therapy, hyperventilation provocation training,
      treatment based on influencing the factors which lead to the development of the
      syndrome, and drug treatment. The first three methods were demonstrated to be
      effective, whilst the fourth showed no signs of effectiveness. The condition of
      patients in the control group remained the same or deteriorated.

PMID- 6388712
TI  - Quantitative assessment of individual renal function. A comparison between
      creatinine excretion and a radionuclide method.
AB  - Individual renal function was evaluated in 21 patients. Two methods were used in
      each case, namely gamma camera renography and measurement of creatinine excretion
      in urine collected via a nephrostomy. The scintigraphic technique utilized
      measurement of renal parenchymal radionuclide uptake in an early phase. Good
      agreement was found between the results from both methods in most patients. Gamma
      camera renography was found to be clinically useful for assessing the function of
      individual kidneys.

PMID- 6388713
TI  - Fluphenazine/nortriptyline in the irritable bladder syndrome. A double-blind
      placebo controlled study.
AB  - A double-blind, placebo controlled, randomised order crossover study was carried
      out on the effect of Motival (0.5 mg fluphenazine with 10 mg nortriptyline) 3
      times daily on the bladder function and psychiatric morbidity of 13 women without
      evidence of infection, complaining of recurrent dysuria and frequency. Bladder
      function was assessed symptomatically and by ambulatory urodynamics, and patients
      completed the General Health Questionnaire, a validated instrument for the
      detection of psychiatric disturbance. Correction of the urodynamic abnormalities
      was associated with Motival treatment in 5 of the 8 patients with unstable
      bladders, compared with none of 7 patients receiving placebo (P less than 0.02).
      Motival was also associated with a greater frequency of symptomatic improvement.
      Only 2 patients were classified as psychiatrically disturbed, suggesting that the
      therapeutic effect of Motival is not related to its psychotropic properties.

PMID- 6388714
TI  - Removal of retained urinary catheters.
AB  - In a 1-year register, retained urinary catheters were encountered on 23
      occasions. In vitro tests showed that 2 ml of ether or chloroform injected
      through the inflation channel of catheter balloons caused disruption within a few
      seconds but liquid paraffin took over 20 min, leaving an unacceptable amount of
      debris. A new method of removal using diagnostic ultrasound to identify the
      balloon of the retained catheter is described, together with suggestions for
      removal of retained catheters occurring under different circumstances.

PMID- 6388715
TI  - Endoscopic injection of the vasoconstrictor ornithine-8-vasopressin in
      transurethral resection.
AB  - A simple technique to inject the synthetic vasoconstrictor agent ornithine-8
      vasopressin endoscopically into the prostate has been developed. The method has
      been assessed by two prospective randomised controlled trials on patients
      undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate. Results from the first trial,
      involving 56 patients who had general anaesthesia, were that the mean operative
      blood loss was 48% less in the treated group, a significant difference (P =
      0.05). Results from the second trial, involving 57 patients who had spinal
      anaesthesia, were that the mean operative blood loss was 75% less in the treated
      group, a highly significant difference (P = 0.01). The pharmacology of the drug
      is reviewed, and it seems to be a safe agent which aids transurethral resection.
      It frequently causes a modest and transient elevation in blood pressure shortly
      after injection and, although not encountered by the author, it is possible that
      a more severe elevation necessitating treatment may rarely occur.

PMID- 6388716
TI  - Are bile bacteria relevant to septic complications following biliary surgery?
AB  - Bile bacteriology, wound sepsis and the effect of prophylactic antibiotics have
      been studied in a controlled prospective double blind randomized trial on 375
      patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy at a district general hospital. We
      have examined the overall prevalence of bacteria in bile and have identified
      several factors associated with an increased incidence. The identity of organisms
      isolated from a total of 21 patients with infected wound swabs was compared with
      isolates from the bile at operation, and in only two instances was there a
      correlation. Cephazolin, given either pre-operatively, or into the wound, reduced
      wound infection rates compared with a control group (from 11.8 to 2.4 per cent, P
      less than 0.005). We conclude that the majority of wound infections in this
      series were caused by organisms from the patients' skin or exogenous sources,
      rather than by bacteria from the biliary system.

PMID- 6388717
TI  - Contrast tomography of the gallbladder wall and ultrasonography in the diagnosis
      of acute cholecystitis.
AB  - Rapid and reliable diagnostic methods are necessary for regular early surgical
      intervention in patients with acute cholecystitis. Eighty-three patients with
      clinical suspicion of acute cholecystitis were investigated with ultrasonography
      (US) and contrast tomography of the gallbladder wall (CTGW). The diagnosis in
      each case included in the study was verified either at operation or follow-up
      cholecystography. The sensitivity and specificity of US were 69 and 100 per cent,
      respectively. With CTGW the corresponding figures were 73 and 100 per cent. The
      combined use of these methods resulted in a sensitivity of 89 per cent and a
      specificity of 100 per cent.

PMID- 6388718
TI  - Infusion cholecystography in the early diagnosis of acute gallbladder disease.
AB  - The value of infusion cholecystography 99mTc HIDA cholescintigraphy and
      ultrasonography was compared in 51 patients presenting with a clinical diagnosis
      of acute cholecystitis. Of the 35 patients with proven gallbladder disease, the
      presence of gallstones was correctly predicted in 31 (88 per cent) by infusion
      cholecystography, 32 (90 per cent) by 99mTc HIDA cholescintigraphy and 27 (77 per
      cent) by ultrasonography. There were no false positive investigations. Infusion
      cholecystography may be of particular interest to surgeons with no ready access
      to isotope scanning techniques.

PMID- 6388719
TI  - Pre-operative localization of parathyroid tumours using static b scan
      ultrasonography.
AB  - Time consuming, inaccurate and often invasive localization procedures before
      initial surgery in primary hyperparathyroidism are probably not justified. The
      clinical value of pulsed ultrasound has been appreciated since 1975 and the
      application of dedicated, high resolution, real time systems is now advocated.
      This paper examines the efficacy of conventional static B scan equipment in pre
      operative localization of parathyroid tumours in 34 patients. When considering
      all glands, a true positive value (sensitivity) of 55.5 per cent was achieved,
      with a true negative rate (specificity) of 96.0 per cent. The accuracy for all
      glands (the true positive plus true negative results as a percentage of all
      glands scanned) was 85.3 per cent. An accuracy of 93 per cent was achieved when
      considering glands greater than 5 mm diameter, with false positive and negative
      rates of 3.6 and 20.0 per cent respectively. The limitations of the the technique
      are discussed in the context of the current literature.

PMID- 6388720
TI  - Natural killer cells in renal allograft rejection.
AB  - Monoclonal antibody Anti Leu 7 has been used to enumerate peripheral blood NK
      cells in 20 renal allograft recipients. Blood was taken preoperatively and three
      times per week for the first month after transplantation; separated mononuclear
      cells were stained with Anti Leu 7 then analysed on a fluorescence activated cell
      sorter. Results were related to acute rejection episodes diagnosed clinically and
      confirmed by Trucut biopsy of grafts. A reduction in the number of Leu 7 positive
      cells occurred postoperatively. Nineteen out of 20 patients showed a rise in
      number of circulating NK cells during acute rejection episodes.

PMID- 6388721
TI  - CAPD--a risk factor in renal transplantation?
AB  - Theoretical considerations suggest that patients undergoing continuous ambulatory
      peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) may fare less well after renal transplantation than
      their haemodialysed (HD) counterparts. Review of 121 consecutive cadaveric renal
      allografts performed in this centre indicate this to be the case with graft
      survival rates at 1 year of 63.5 per cent in the HD group compared with 35.5 per
      cent in the CAPD-treated patients. This difference appeared to be independent of
      the duration of dialysis and, although a significant blood transfusion effect was
      seen in the HD group, no such trend was evident in the CAPD group. Studies of T
      cell subsets (using monoclonal antibodies) in the two groups suggests that, in
      part at least, the differences in graft survival rates may be attributable to the
      maintenance or restoration of immunological integrity in the CAPD group.

PMID- 6388722
TI  - A controlled trial of bipolar electrocoagulation in patients with upper
      gastrointestinal bleeding.
AB  - We have assessed the value of the BICAP electrocoagulation probe in reducing the
      incidence of further bleeding in patients with upper gastrointestinal
      haemorrhage. One hundred and twenty-nine patients were studied in a prospective
      randomized controlled trial. There were 85 male and 44 female patients, age range
      16-92 years. Forty-five patients had stigmata of recent haemorrhage (visible
      vessel or spot) and were randomized during endoscopy to 24 control and 21
      treatment patients. Seven control patients rebled compared with nine treated
      patients (Fisher's exact probability test P = 0.44). The transfusion requirements
      of control patients (3.9 +/- 3.2 units) was not different from that of treated
      patients (5.7 +/- 3.7 units): Mann Whitney U test, P = 0.06. In the treatment
      group there was no difference in the operation rate. Also, the number of probe
      applications between patients with further bleeding and those with no further
      bleeding was similar (11.6 +/- 5.5 and 11.0 +/- 5.75 respectively). Access with
      the probe was considered inadequate in 50 per cent of lesions, but this did not
      correlate with the incidence of rebleeding. Stigmata of recent haemorrhage were
      significant in predicting rebleeding (P = 0.0019 Fisher's exact probability
      test). Overall mortality rate of 3.2 per cent was low and was not influenced by
      electrocoagulation or presence of stigmata of recent haemorrhage. We have not
      shown that BICAP bipolar electrocoagulation reduces the incidence of rebleeding
      in upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage.

PMID- 6388723
TI  - Emergency surgery for diverticular disease complicated by generalized and faecal
      peritonitis: a review.
AB  - There is little uniformity in either the indications for operation, the
      classification of the pathology or the operative management of generalized or
      faecal peritonitis secondary to perforated diverticular disease. Nevertheless,
      this review has shown a clear advantage both in terms of immediate mortality and
      morbidity for primary resection over conservative operations in which the colon
      is retained in the abdomen. We propose that, when a clinical diagnosis of
      localized sepsis secondary to diverticular disease is made, the management should
      be nonoperative with systemic antibiotics and supportive therapy. Operation
      should be reserved for those patients with obvious generalized peritonitis or
      failure of conservative treatment. When operation is necessary the affected
      sigmoid loop should be resected and the operation completed as a Hartmann's
      procedure in all but the most favourable circumstances when a primary anastomosis
      may be considered after on-table irrigation of the colon.

PMID- 6388724
TI  - Direct vision brush cytology with colonoscopy: an aid to the accurate diagnosis
      of colonic strictures.
AB  - The accuracy of direct vision brush cytology at colonoscopy was compared with
      colonoscopic biopsies, colonoscopy alone and radiology in the diagnosis of
      colonic strictures. There were 82 brushings in 79 patients; 55 had malignant and
      24 had benign lesions. Cytology was correct in 66 (81 per cent), and biopsy was
      less accurate with 53 (68 per cent) correct reports. The combined accuracy of
      cytology and biopsy was 88 per cent. Whilst an endoscopic diagnosis was usually
      correct (96 per cent), direct vision brush cytology had an important place in the
      accurate tissue diagnosis of colonic strictures, particularly those in the
      rectosigmoid.

PMID- 6388725
TI  - A method of securing suction drains.

PMID- 6388726
TI  - Detection of liver metastases. A prospective study comparing liver enzymes,
      scintigraphy, ultrasonography and computed tomography.
AB  - A prospective comparative study between liver enzymes, scintigraphy,
      ultrasonography and computed tomography for detection of liver metastases was
      performed in 113 patients who were eligible for operation for a carcinoma in the
      gastrointestinal tract. Twenty-three of the 113 patients (20 per cent) had liver
      metastases. The accuracy of scintigraphy was 79 per cent, of ultrasonography 85
      per cent and of computed tomography 88 per cent. The results of these tests
      showed no statistical differences. Ultrasonography and computed tomography were
      significantly more accurate than alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl
      transpeptidase (respectively P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05). Taking into
      account cost effectiveness, simplicity and patient tolerance, ultrasonography is
      the test of choice for the detection of liver metastases.

PMID- 6388727
TI  - Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland 1784-1984.

PMID- 6388728
TI  - Iatrogenic biliary stricture: presentation and management.
AB  - Repair of iatrogenic biliary stricture was carried out in 38 patients of whom
      five are now dead, three causally related. Thirty-one patients were followed up
      between August 1983 and March 1984 (mean time since repair 7.9 years). Fifty
      reparative operations were carried out, six patients first having a temporary end
      fistula performed. Cholangiography during cholecystectomy had been performed in
      only eight patients (21 per cent). All but one patient had gastroscopy and barium
      meal examination and the incidence of duodenal ulceration was 6.7 per cent and of
      oesophageal varices 5.6 per cent. Liver biopsies taken during the first
      reparative operation were normal in 5 per cent, obstructive in 65 per cent and
      cirrhotic in 30 per cent. Intra-operative cultures were mainly coliforms (66.7
      per cent). Liver function tests were normal in 19 (61.3 per cent) but there was
      no correlation between abnormal values and clinical status. Twenty-nine patients
      (93.5 per cent) are now completely well. 99mTc HIDA scans, liver ultrasonography,
      intravenous cholangiography and BSP excretion were of limited value in planning
      further surgery. The most useful investigation before reoperation was
      transhepatic cholangiography.

PMID- 6388729
TI  - Effect of mating on the metabolic activity of the brain and pituitary gland
      assessed by [14C]2-deoxyglucose in a reflex ovulator, the vole (Microtus
      agrestis).
AB  - The neural pathways involved in reflex ovulation in the vole (Microtus agrestis)
      have been investigated with the [14C]2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) method. Female voles
      were injected i.p. with 2-DG and either not mated, sham-mated (mounted by males
      by vagina was taped) or mated for a period of 45 min after the injection, after
      which the animals were decapitated. The brain was processed for autoradiography
      and the relative metabolic activities (rma) of selected areas of the brain and
      pituitary gland were determined. The plasma separated from trunk blood was
      assayed for the concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH). The lordosis quotients
      (LQ) were (mean +/- S.E.M.) 81 +/- 8 (n = 5) in mated compared with 47 +/- 8 (n =
      5) in sham-mated voles. The rma of the midbrain central grey (CG) and reticular
      formation (RF) were significantly greater in mated and sham-mated voles compared
      with the values in unmated voles. There were no other between-group differences
      in the rma of the other 28 areas of the brain or pituitary gland studied in spite
      of the fact the plasma LH concentration in mated voles was 36.9 +/- 9.6 ng NIH-LH
      S18/ml compared with undetectable (less than 2.5 ng/ml) values in all the sham
      mated and unmated animals. These results show that in the vole increased
      metabolic activity of the CG and RF is associated with lordosis, but that the
      reflex release of LH is not accompanied by any significant change in the
      metabolic activity of the brain or the pituitary gland.

PMID- 6388730
TI  - Mg2+ dependence of membrane resistance increases evoked by NMDA in hippocampal
      neurones.
AB  - The response of granule cells and CA1 pyramidal neurones to NMDA was studied in
      the presence and absence of Mg2+ using an in vitro slice preparation. In the
      absence of Mg2+ the depolarizing response of hippocampal neurones to NMDA is
      accompanied by a decrease in input resistance. In the presence of Mg2+ ions,
      however, the response to NMDA is always associated with an apparent increase in
      input resistance. These results indicate that the action of NMDA is by a
      classical mechanism of conductance increase and are in agreement with the
      suggestion that the apparent increase in input resistance associated with NMDA
      depolarizations is the result of voltage-dependent channel block by Mg2+ of the
      NMDA evoked current.

PMID- 6388731
TI  - Some immature tetanus toxin-positive cells share antigenic properties with
      subclasses of glial cells. An immunofluorescence study in the developing nervous
      system of the mouse using a new monoclonal antibody S1.
AB  - Monoclonal antibody S1 reacts in monolayer cultures with the cell surfaces of
      oligodendrocytes and a subclass of astrocytes derived from early postnatal mouse
      cerebellum, cerebrum and spinal cord, as well as with some glial cells in mouse
      retina but not in dorsal root ganglia. At earlier developmental stages S1 antigen
      is present in addition to oligodendrocytes and astrocytes on some tetanus toxin
      positive neurons. S1 antigen is a developmentally early marker, detectable
      already in freshly trypsinized single cell suspensions from cerebella of 13-day
      old embryos. Immunocytolysis of S1 antigen-bearing cells leads to reappearance of
      S1 positive glial cells but not tetanus toxin receptor-positive neurons. S1
      antigen is also expressed in rat, rabbit, chicken and human. When cultured cells
      are permeabilized with denaturing agents, S1 antibody not only labels cell
      surfaces of some glial cells and, depending on the developmental stage, some
      neuronal cells but also intracellular components of all astrocytes,
      oligodendrocytes, neurons and fibroblasts.

PMID- 6388732
TI  - Distribution of neurophysin II immunoreactive nerve fibers within the subnuclei
      of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius of the rat.
AB  - The location of neurophysin II immunoreactive nerve fibers and preterminal
      processes has been examined in various functionally distinct subnuclei of the
      nucleus of the tractus solitarius (nTS) using the indirect immunofluorescence
      method for immunocytochemistry combined with cytoarchitectonic identification.
      The nTS is responsible for integrating respiratory and autonomic reflex activity:
      the vlnTS, vnTS, ni and nI are associated with respiratory activity; the dlnTS
      and dnTS are important sites for the integration of baroreceptor and
      chemoreceptor activity; the ncom, dnTS and dlnTS integrate cardiac afferent
      activity and the mnTS mediates both cardiovascular and gastrointestinal effects.
      At levels caudal to the obex, the ncom contained the largest number of
      neurophysin II immunoreactive nerve fibers and the mnTS and dmnX contained
      moderate neurophysin II immunoreactivity. At levels rostral to the obex the
      region of the dorsal medulla adjacent to the mnTS and dnTS (PVR and dPSR) showed
      the densest immunoreactivity and the mnTS, dmnX and vPSR showed moderate
      immunoreactivity. At the rostral pole of the nTS, neurophysin II immunoreactive
      nerve terminals were seen in the dendritic regions of cells in dmnX and mnTS.
      This selective distribution of neurophysin II immunoreactive nerve terminals in
      the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal subnuclei of the nTS implicates a direct,
      descending, hypothalamic, oxytocin-neurophysin II containing pathway interacting
      with these nTS functions. These results confirm the hypothesis (Sawchenko and
      Swanson) that descending neurophysin II immunoreactive pathways represent an
      important neuronal system for the hypothalamic regulation of cardiovascular
      (vasomotor) and gastrointestinal nuclei in the brainstem.

PMID- 6388733
TI  - Angiotensin II immunoreactivity in the neural afferents and efferents of the
      subfornical organ of the rat.
AB  - Angiotensin II (AII) immunoreactive cells and fibers were identified in the
      subfornical organ (SFO) of the rat. Cells were distributed in an annulus around
      the periphery of the SFO and were most visible in the Brattleboro rat treated
      with colchicine. Fibers were observed in a plexus, located centrally within the
      ring of cells, and knife-cuts suggested that they arise from parent cell bodies
      lying outside of the SFO. Studies combining immunohistochemistry with retrograde
      transport identified the perifornical zone of the lateral hypothalamus, the
      rostral zona incerta, and the nucleus reuniens of the thalamus as the source of
      AII-stained inputs to the SFO, and the region of the median preoptic nucleus as a
      recipient of AII-immunoreactive SFO efferents. It is suggested that these
      biochemically defined connections of the SFO participate in the central neural
      control of fluid balance.

PMID- 6388734
TI  - Evidence for corticotropin releasing factor and Leu-enkephalin in the neural
      projection from the lateral parabrachial nucleus to the median preoptic nucleus:
      a retrograde transport, immunohistochemical double labeling study in the rat.
AB  - Neurons in the lateral parabrachial nucleus of the pons were retrogradely labeled
      by True Blue deposited into the median preoptic nucleus. Immunohistochemical
      staining indicated that some 7% of these cells also contained corticotropin
      releasing factor, and another 5% were stained for Leu-enkephalin. Labeled cells
      were not found throughout the lateral parabrachial nucleus, but were confined to
      distinct cytoarchitectonically defined subdivisions. These findings suggest the
      presence of two peptides that have been implicated in central cardiovascular
      control within a neural projection between two cell groups that have been
      similarly implicated. The origins of the presently described pathways in distinct
      parts of the lateral parabrachial nucleus suggest an underlying topographical
      organization of this cell group that had not previously been appreciated.

PMID- 6388735
TI  - Serotonin-immunoreactivity in the adrenal medulla: distribution and response to
      pharmacological manipulation.
AB  - We previously found serotonin in the adrenal medulla of the rat using
      immunocytochemical methods. Serotonin immunoreactivity was found in 75% of the
      medullary cells and by double staining techniques was found to be present in
      epinephrine-containing cells. In order to better understand the chemical and
      pharmacological nature of the adrenomedullary serotonin containing cells, we
      undertook the present studies to characterize the cells' response to a number of
      agents which have been used to assess biochemical relationships in other
      serotonin systems. The responsiveness of the serotonin-containing cells to these
      agents was determined by immunocytochemical methods directed against serotonin.
      Reserpine, a monoamine depleting agent, caused a significant reduction in the
      amount of serotonin immunostaining. Parachloroamphetamine (PCA), a specific
      serotonin releaser, administered in vivo had a minimal effect on the depletion of
      serotonin immunoreactivity. However, when applied in vitro, PCA always caused a
      dose dependent depletion; the effect of PCA in vitro was blocked by pretreatment
      and co-incubation with serotonin-uptake inhibitor, fluoxitine. Exposure to
      parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA) which inhibits serotonin synthesis, resulted in a
      marked reduction of immunostaining of most cells. The small population of cells
      which still stained intensely after PCPA treatment was depleted by incubation
      with the specific releasing agent, parachloroamphetamine (PCA) in vitro.
      Restoration of control-like immunostaining after reserpine-depletion occurred
      with treatment with the serotonin precursor, L-tryptophan, both in vivo and in
      vitro. From these results we infer the existence and regulation of
      adrenomedullary serotonin which is similar but not identical to that reported for
      serotonin neurons of the CNS.

PMID- 6388736
TI  - Distribution of FMRF-NH2-like immunoreactivity in rat and cat area postrema.
AB  - The distribution of FMRF-NH2-like immunoreactivity, visualized with
      immunohistochemical techniques, was plotted in a range from very dense to none.
      The rat area postrema had differential immunostaining with the greatest amounts
      occurring at its ventral and ventrolateral borders by the nucleus of the solitary
      tract. Immunoreactive cell bodies were located mainly in this region. Throughout
      the central region of the rat area postrema scattered immunostaining was
      consistently observed. The cat area postrema had a different, greater, and more
      complex pattern of immunostaining than the rat. Very dense to dense accumulations
      of immunostaining occurred in the ventromedial region of the area postrema
      bordering the solitary tract and dorsal vagal nuclei, while the central region
      possessed scattered amounts of immunoreactivity. Following colchicine treatment,
      no visible FMRF-NH2-like immunoreactive cell bodies were observed in the cat area
      postrema.

PMID- 6388737
TI  - 5-Hydroxytryptamine in the spinal cord of the domestic fowl.
AB  - 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5HT) immunoreactive fibers and varicosities are present in
      the gray and white matters of the adult domestic fowl spinal cord. These
      immunoreactive structures are densest in laminae I and II, the area around the
      central canal, and in the ventral horn. 5HT fibers and varicosities surround
      certain laminae I and II cells and large ventral horn cells. The apparent
      intimate relationship between dorsal horn cells and numerous 5HT structures may
      render them good models to study the possible role of 5HT in the modulation of
      nociception in the dorsal horn.

PMID- 6388738
TI  - A methoxyflurane delivery system for stereotaxic surgery.
AB  - Methoxyflurane (2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluro-ethyl methyl ether; Metofane) is a
      potent general inhalation anesthetic that is well-suited for small animal
      surgery. Methoxyflurane is particularly attractive as an anesthetic agent in
      neurological stereotaxic surgery, because methoxyflurane does not markedly
      attenuate the rate of anterograde or retrograde transport of horseradish
      peroxidase, or reduce the consistency and/or extent of excitatory neurotoxin
      damage. Methoxyflurane also is non-flammable when mixed with O2 or air at
      anesthetic concentrations. The use of methoxyflurane anesthesia in stereotaxic
      surgery has been limited because methoxyflurane must be delivered via a vaporizer
      system that will easily interface with standard stereotaxic headholders. The
      present report describes a simple, reliable and inexpensive methoxyflurane
      delivery system for stereotaxic surgery.

PMID- 6388739
TI  - [The effect of long-term stimulation of epileptic foci on their activity].

PMID- 6388740
TI  - [Medical students in the Slovak National Uprising].

PMID- 6388741
TI  - Radioimmunodetection and radioimmunotherapy.
AB  - The development of monoclonal antibodies that recognize tumor-associated antigens
      has led to significantly greater practical possibilities for producing highly
      specific radiolabeled antibodies for diagnosis and therapy of human tumors. A
      number of problems remain before this technique will be ready for routine
      clinical application however. Achieving the high target to background ratio that
      are predicted on theoretical grounds is a major challenge in cancer
      investigation.

PMID- 6388742
TI  - Treatment of spinal metastases by vertebral body resection.

PMID- 6388744
TI  - Air embolism during liver transplantation.

PMID- 6388743
TI  - Transcutaneous PO2 measurement.
AB  - Transcutaneous PO2 sensors have been developed over the past ten years from the
      same basic electrodes used in conventional blood gas machines. The skin is heated
      to enable the skin surface sensors to respond quickly to the gas tensions beneath
      them. PtcO2 is a variable which reflects the PO2 in the peripheral tissue. PtcO2
      has its own range of normal values and it responds to cardiopulmonary changes
      which affect tissue oxygenation. In the majority of patients, those without
      decreased cardiac output, PtcO2 follows the trend of the arterial gas tension,
      and the PtcO2 value decreases relative to PaO2 with increasing patient age (Table
      II). When there is severely reduced cardiac output and peripheral perfusion, the
      PtcO2 values will deviate from their relationship with the arterial tensions and
      become blood flow dependent, thus providing quantitative information regarding
      blood flow. It is likely that the technique of transcutaneous PO2 monitoring will
      gain wider acceptance because it is a noninvasive and continuous monitor which
      provides useful information regarding tissue oxygenation.

PMID- 6388746
TI  - Research: the key to successfully marketing your practice.

PMID- 6388745
TI  - Privacy: the new issue of the '80's.

PMID- 6388747
TI  - Practicing at home. Tax concerns.

PMID- 6388748
TI  - Computers and the dentist. Evaluating a computer system.

PMID- 6388749
TI  - A dental health survey of British Columbia children.

PMID- 6388750
TI  - Dental development in optimal and suboptimal fluoride communities.

PMID- 6388751
TI  - Tooth occlusion in school children. British Columbia Children's Dental Health
      Survey 1980.

PMID- 6388752
TI  - A comparative investigation of permanent tooth emergence timing of northern
      Ontario Indians.

PMID- 6388753
TI  - Orthodontic treatment of a pseudo-class III malocclusion. A case report.

PMID- 6388754
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of pigmented lesions of the oral cavity].

PMID- 6388755
TI  - Theoretical studies of phospholipid bilayers and monolayers. Perturbing probes,
      monolayer phase transitions, and computer simulations of lipid-protein bilayers.
AB  - This paper describes some mathematical models for studying properties of lipid
      bilayer membranes. It is shown that there is evidence from fluorescent probe and
      electron spin resonance studies that some integral proteins are "randomly"
      distributed in the plane of a lipid bilayer for T greater than Tc, so that
      protein-protein "contacts" can occur. This implies that there is no permanent
      annulus of lipids around these proteins, so that there is no unique
      stoichiometric ratio of "boundary lipids" to protein. Computer simulation
      techniques are reviewed and comments are made about some recently introduced
      methods. Dynamical models of lipid--integral protein bilayers are outlined and it
      is shown that much differential scanning calorimetry, freeze-fracture, X-ray, and
      2H nuclear magnetic resonance data can be understood. It is predicted that
      specific heat curves should show a rise at a temperature, TK less than Tc, at
      which a protein-rich phase starts to "melt"; that dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine
      (DPPC) hydrocarbon chains in such a protein-rich phase should exhibit some static
      disorder down to approximately -10 degrees C, around which they should freeze
      noncooperatively; and that the crossing of phase boundaries, as protein
      concentration expressed as mole fraction X changes just below Tc, should be
      reflected in a complicated dependence of protein lateral motion upon X. Models to
      study the liquid condensed-liquid expanded (LC-LE) transition of
      phosphatidylcholine (PC) monolayers at the air-water interface are described. The
      rounding in the LC phase of pressure-area isotherms are understood as the melting
      of microscopic gel-phase "domains" into macroscopic regions of fluid-phase
      lipids. There is some experimental support for this. Finally, to model the
      difference between a monolayer and the corresponding bilayer, an interaction is
      introduced between the two halves of a bilayer. It is shown to be very weak in
      the case of PC bilayers and it is outlined in the paper how monolayer and bilayer
      thermodynamics can be related. It was found that the internal lateral pressure of
      a DPPC bilayer is approximately 30 dyn/cm (1 dyn = 10 microN).

PMID- 6388756
TI  - Apolipoprotein C-II deficiency associated with nonfunctional mutant forms of
      apolipoprotein C-II.
AB  - Two previously unidentified apolipoproteins (apo) designated apo C-II-X and C-II
      Y have been found in plasma of homozygotes and obligate heterozygotes of a family
      with apo C-II deficiency. Because the plasma of homozygotes do not activate
      lipoprotein lipase, apo C-II-X and C-II-Y are apparently nonfunctional. These
      apolipoproteins have isoelectric focusing points of 5.15 and 5.54, respectively,
      compared with 4.88 and 4.74 for the known isomorphs, C-II-1 and C-II-2,
      respectively. They have approximately similar molecular weights to apo C-II-1 and
      C-II-2 on two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate-glycerol-polyacrylamide slab
      gel electrophoresis. They do not form insoluble antigen-antibody complexes with
      antibodies to apo C-II in single antibody immunodiffusion or electroimmunoassay
      systems. However, using a double-antibody technique in which immunoblotting is
      coupled with polyacrylamide isoelectric focusing slab gel electrophoresis, apo C
      II-1, C-II-2, C-II-X, and C-II-Y have similar reactivity with antibodies to apo C
      II. In this family the presence of apo C-II-X and C-II-Y discriminates obligate
      heterozygotes from normal subjects.

PMID- 6388757
TI  - Changes in the cytoplasmic and nuclear activities of the ribonucleotide reductase
      holoenzyme and its subunits in regenerating liver cells in normal and
      thyroparathyroidectomized rats.
AB  - The level of the cytoplasmic ribonucleotide reductase nonheme-iron-containing L2
      subunit in regenerating rat liver cells began rising about 2 h before the onset
      of DNA synthesis, rose sharply to a maximum level about 4 h before the DNA
      synthetic activity reached its peak, and then stayed at this high level even
      after the cells had finished replicating their DNA. The cytoplasmic level of the
      CDP-specific, effector-binding L1 subunit and the holoenzyme activity began
      rising together about 2 h after the L2 subunit began increasing and at the same
      time as the DNA-synthetic activity, but subsequently rose much more slowly than
      the L2 subunit and continued rising even after the cells had finished making DNA.
      The nuclear level of the L2 subunit did not rise in the regenerating liver cells,
      but the nuclear level of the L1 subunit and the holoenzyme activity began rising
      together about the same time as the DNA-synthetic activity, peaked briefly 4-6 h
      before the peak DNA-synthetic activity, and dropped sharply back to the basal
      levels by the time the DNA-synthetic activity reached its peak, but then rose
      again slowly as the cells finished making DNA. Thyroparathyroidectomy 72 h before
      partial hepatectomy prevented the cytoplasmic and nuclear subunits and holoenzyme
      activity from rising and prevented most of the remaining liver cells from
      initiating DNA synthesis.

PMID- 6388758
TI  - Managing strabismus in endocrine eye disease.
AB  - In Graves' ophthalmopathy, now considered a separate autoimmune disorder, 15% of
      patients have a motility disorder. This is usually a restrictive strabismus, most
      often involving the inferior rectus muscle, and is diagnosed with the aid of
      forced duction testing, saccadic velocity measurement, binocular visual field
      testing and prism cover testing. Adjustable sutures may be used, depending on the
      intraoperative findings. The case presentations in this paper demonstrate the
      principles of diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 6388759
TI  - Nocardia keratitis.
AB  - Unilateral keratitis developed in a 31-year-old man following superficial corneal
      injury with vegetable foreign material. The corneal inflammation progressed to
      perforation and endophthalmitis. Nocardia asteroides was eventually identified in
      an aspirate from the anterior chamber. Aggressive medical and surgical treatment
      resulted in salvage of the globe and a visual acuity of 6/15. Controversial
      aspects of the management of this problem are considered.

PMID- 6388760
TI  - Choroidal osteomas.
AB  - Two cases of choroidal osteoma (one bilateral) are reported, bringing the total
      number of cases in the English-language literature to 18; an additional 7 cases
      are known to the authors. This tumour, first described in 1978, arises in the
      inner third of the juxtapapillary choroid and consists of mature bone; it is
      likely an osseous choristoma. It transmits light in an unusual manner, small
      lacunae glowing with sclerotic scatter. If the bony plaque is peripheral its
      solid nature can be identified with scleral depression. Computerized tomography
      readily demonstrates the calcification and the pattern of bone density.

PMID- 6388761
TI  - Dietary tyrosine supplementation enhances weight gain in streptozotocin-diabetic
      rats.
AB  - The effect of dietary protein concentration and tyrosine supplementation on
      growth in streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, ip) diabetic rats was evaluated. When rats
      were fed diets ranging from 15 to 60% protein, weight gain and feed efficiency
      were greatest in rats fed the 45% protein diet. Adding tyrosine to this diet (8%,
      incorporated as a percentage of protein) did not promote further weight gain
      relative to nonsupplemented diabetic animals. In contrast, rats choosing 45% of
      total calories as protein by selecting from 10 and 60% protein diets supplemented
      with either 0, 4, or 8% tyrosine demonstrated a 35% (4% tyrosine) to 45% (8%
      tyrosine) increase in weight gain. Proximate analysis indicated similar body
      composition in tyrosine supplemented and nonsupplemented diabetic animals.
      Including tryptophan (1.45%) with tyrosine in the self-selection diet was without
      effect. Thus, tyrosine supplementation promoted a modest but consistent and
      specific increase in weight gained by self-selecting diabetic rats.

PMID- 6388762
TI  - Seasonal changes in the endocrine responsiveness of the pituitary and tests of
      male sheep in relation to their patterns of gonadotropic hormone and testosterone
      secretion.
AB  - Pituitary and testicular endocrine responses to exogenous gonadotropin releasing
      hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), respectively, were assessed for
      adult rams in an investigation of the regulation of seasonal changes in the
      patterns of episodic LH and testosterone secretion. Concurrent variations in
      testis size and in circulating levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and
      prolactin (PRL) were also examined. On 10 occasions throughout the year, serum
      hormone levels were assessed over 6- to 8-h periods during which time rams were
      left untreated (day 1) or were injected (iv) with single doses of either 10
      micrograms synthetic GnRH (day 2) or 30 micrograms NIH-LH-S18 (day 3); blood
      samples were collected from the jugular vein at 10- to 20-min intervals.
      Testicular redevelopment during the summer, as indicated by increasing testis
      diameter measurements, was associated with increases in mean FSH level and was
      preceded by a springtime rise in mean PRL level; "spontaneously" occurring LH
      pulses and those produced in response to GnRH treatment were relatively large
      during this period. Increases in the magnitude of testosterone elevations in
      response to both endogenously and exogenously produced LH pulses occurred in
      August. Mean testosterone levels were elevated fourfold in the fall as a
      consequence of relatively frequent and small LH pulses stimulating a more
      responsive testis to produce more frequent and larger testosterone elevations;
      endogenous LH pulses, however, did not appear to stimulate the testes maximally
      at this time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6388763
TI  - Seasonal changes in the secretion of gonadotropic hormones and in the endocrine
      response of the pituitary of male sheep in the absence of gonadal influence.
AB  - Circulating levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone
      (FSH), and prolactin (PRL) were assessed in four long-term castrate rams at
      monthly intervals for 1 year beginning in March. Each month, rams were bled from
      the jugular vein at 10-min intervals for an 8-h period; 10 micrograms synthetic
      gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) was injected into the jugular vein
      following 6 h of sampling. Changes in natural daylength were associated with
      seasonal variations in mean serum levels of LH (r = 0.57, P less than 0.05) and
      PRL (r = 0.94, P less than 0.01). LH levels declined 55% between June and October
      as LH peaks became more frequent and progressively smaller in magnitude, and base
      line levels decreased; these trends were reversed by December. In comparison, FSH
      levels increased 40% between June and September and then returned to relatively
      low values in October. Seasonal variations in the magnitude of endogenous LH
      pulses were not associated with definitive changes in the LH response of the
      pituitary to exogenous GnRH. Although LH and FSH levels in the castrate rams were
      typically high, many of the seasonal-directional changes in the secretory
      characteristics of these hormones (i.e., LH peak frequency and magnitude, and
      mean FSH level) were similar to those reported for the intact ram. Data indicate
      that photoperiodic regulation of hypothalamic function of rams is in part via
      direct or steroid-independent means.

PMID- 6388764
TI  - Chronic treatment with [D-Ala6, des Gly-NH2(10)]-LHRH ethylamide reversibly
      delays puberty in the female rat.
AB  - Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist analogs have been suggested
      as a useful treatment for precocious puberty, though there is some concern that
      long-term treatment might be deleterious to normal sexual development. We have
      taken advantage of the very short maturation period of the female rat
      (approximately 35 days from birth) to examine the effects of chronic (daily)
      treatment with [D-Ala6, des Gly-NH2(10)]-LHRH ethylamide. We have observed that
      this treatment (either 1 or 2 micrograms/day) from day 5 after birth
      significantly delays sexual maturation but does not affect subsequent sexual
      cycles.

PMID- 6388765
TI  - Motilin and the vagus in dogs.
AB  - The aim of this work was to determine the influence of the vagus on the
      circulating levels of immunoreactive (IR) motilin. Five mongrel dogs were
      equipped with chronically implanted electrodes in the small intestine to record
      the myoelectrical activity. The release of IR motilin during fasting, after a
      meal, and during an infusion of insulin was studied before and after truncal
      vagotomy at the diaphragmatic level. When tested at least two weeks after the
      operation, the motility pattern of the small intestine and the secretion of IR
      motilin remained unaltered by vagal section. Cyclic increases in IR motilin
      associated with phase III's of the interdigestive myoelectric complexes were
      still observed after vagotomy (maximum levels of IR motilin: 250 +/- 37 versus
      239 +/- 19 fmol X mL-1, not significant), and they were still abolished by
      feeding or by insulin. However, an inhibitory influence can probably be mediated
      by the vagus since, in normal animals, vagal stimulation by a "modified sham
      feeding" (tease feeding or presentation of food) at the beginning of a period of
      phase III activity promptly interrupted this part of the complex and decreased
      significantly the release of IR motilin by about 20%. The release of motilin is
      not chronically altered by distal vagotomy in dogs.

PMID- 6388766
TI  - Facilitated diffusion of monosaccharides in smooth muscle of rat vas deferens in
      vitro.
AB  - The suitability of rat vas deferens for investigating sugar transport in smooth
      muscle was determined in vitro, with the nonmetabolized glucose analog 3-O-methyl
      D-glucose as test sugar. Vas deferens smooth muscle contains a facilitated
      diffusion system for monosaccharides, as shown by saturation of the transport
      sites and by competition between 3-O-methyl-D-glucose and D-glucose. The activity
      of the facilitated diffusion system could be enhanced by hyperosmolarity and by
      contractile activity, but frequency dependency could not be established. A high
      concentration of insulin (100 mU/mL) was required to stimulate sugar transport.
      As smooth muscle is not a primary tissue for the storage of energy reserves, it
      does not require large numbers of insulin receptors.

PMID- 6388767
TI  - Adherence of Candida albicans to buccal and vaginal epithelial cells:
      ultrastructural observations.
AB  - The adherence of Candida albicans to human buccal and vaginal epithelial cells
      was studied by transmission electron microscopy. Adherence to epithelial cells
      was confirmed by both a radiometric assay as well as direct microscopic
      examination of stained cell preparations. Ultramicroscopic preparations revealed
      that yeast cells were closely appressed to epithelial cell surfaces and were
      often partially enclosed within phagocyticlike invaginations of the epithelial
      cells. A murine model of vaginitis caused by C. albicans was also used to study
      adherence to epithelial cells and to follow the course of colonization.
      Ultramicroscopic preparations of murine vaginal tissue revealed that within 2 h
      postinfection, yeast cells could be seen adhering to epithelial cells. At 6 h
      postinfection, hyphae and yeast cells were not only found on the epithelial cell
      surface but also within the submucosal tissue. When observed on the epithelial
      cell surface, Candida cells were either attached to host cells, or when infected
      tissue was stained with ruthenium red, Candida cells were observed on the
      epithelial surface embedded within an electron-dense matrix. Fungal elements were
      abundant in the submucosa at 24 h postinfection and were still observed on the
      epithelial cell surface; all of this was accompanied by an inflammatory response.

PMID- 6388768
TI  - Nocardia in soils of southeastern Spain: abundance, distribution, and chemical
      characterisation.
AB  - Actinomycetes belonging to the genus Nocardia were isolated from the surface
      horizon of 15 out of 46 soil samples examined. All the nocardiae strains isolated
      contained mycolic acids and saturated and unsaturated straight chain fatty acids
      (from 12 to 18 carbon atoms) and tuberculostearic acid and were biochemically
      identified as members of the Nocardia asteroides complex. Nocardiae were detected
      in alluvial, brown, and serosem great soil groups, but not in calcic brown,
      solontchack, and regosol great soil groups. Numbers of nocardiae isolated varied
      from 5.12 X 10(2) to 1.21 X 10(4) colony-forming units per gram of dry weight,
      and they were statistically correlated with the carbon content (percent C) of the
      soil. Soil samples were, in general, very dry.

PMID- 6388769
TI  - Epidermotropic malignant melanoma: the distinction between metastatic and new
      primary lesions in the skin.
AB  - Although there are scattered reports in the literature, little is known of the
      difficulties in reconciling the clinical and histologic findings in patients with
      malignant melanoma in whom more skin lesions develop in different areas after
      removal of the primary lesion. In some cases, what appears to be metastatic
      disease is, in reality, primary. In 33 biopsies from five patients with
      clinically metastatic disease, histologic examination showed metastatic disease
      in 12 specimens, new primary malignant lesions in 17 and atypical nevi in 4. The
      purpose of this paper is to define and discuss the difficulties in
      differentiating metastatic lesions from new primary malignant tumours.

PMID- 6388770
TI  - Gordon Murray lecture. Evolution of intracranial aneurysm surgery.
AB  - In the late 19th and first half of the 20th centuries, intracranial aneurysms
      were seldom treated and when they were, Hunterian occlusion of the carotid artery
      was almost always performed. Although a few pioneer intracranial procedures were
      done in the 1930s, it was not until after World War II that a major effort was
      made to obliterate aneurysms during craniotomy. Rebleeding before operation and
      ischemia with vasospasm were the chief causes of the high morbidity associated
      with early surgical attempts and even now they remain a problem. However, since
      the operating microscope was introduced and with modern neuro-anesthesia,
      intracranial surgery has become routine and reasonably safe, especially since
      simple modification of the ischemic syndrome by volume expansion and hypertension
      has proved effective. A return to early operation is now under evaluation.
      Treatment of aneurysms on the basilar circulation came later and experience in
      dealing with giant aneurysms on both the carotid and basilar systems is now
      accumulating.

PMID- 6388771
TI  - Resection of a metastatic sternal carcinoma and reconstruction of the chest wall:
      a case report.
AB  - A large metastatic squamous carcinoma of the anterior chest wall was managed by
      en-bloc resection of the thoracic wall. The extensive defect resulting from the
      resection was bridged with Marlex mesh superimposed on an omental flap that
      served as recipient to partial-thickness skin grafts. This composite
      reconstruction restored an efficient bellows action to the chest cage, manifested
      by the lack of anterior flailing and postoperative spirometry values, measured at
      the bedside, that were 75% of those obtained preoperatively. During the initial
      postoperative period, however, mechanical ventilatory assistance was required to
      treat an adult respiratory distress syndrome that together with mild anterior
      flailing made early extubation impossible.

PMID- 6388772
TI  - The evolution of management of pilonidal sinus disease.
AB  - Pilonidal sinus disease has for too long been treated by radical methods,
      probably on the assumption that these were the only ways to prevent recurrence. A
      review of the literature reveals a sprinkling of papers indicating that simpler
      methods not only carry less morbidity, but also are associated with a lower
      recurrence rate. With a detailed 10-year review, the author reports a series of
      72 consecutive patients with pilonidal sinus treated successfully as outpatients
      by conservative methods under local anesthesia. This review, along with the
      similar experience of others, makes it clear that only simple conservative
      methods are acceptable in the management of pilonidal sinus.

PMID- 6388773
TI  - Osler on malaria.

PMID- 6388774
TI  - Hemorrhagic colitis associated with Escherichia coli O157:H7.

PMID- 6388775
TI  - The doctor as patient: an encounter with Guillain-Barre syndrome.
AB  - The author describes the course and treatment of a severe acute illness that
      began with cranial nerve palsies and ataxia and progressed rapidly to generalized
      weakness with respiratory embarrassment. There was no sensory loss or elevation
      of the protein level in the cerebrospinal fluid. The Miller Fisher variant of
      Guillain-Barre syndrome was diagnosed. At the height of the illness, a period
      lasting about 2 weeks, the author was almost completely paralysed, retaining only
      a little motion in some fingers and one foot; she was able to breathe on her own
      but required suctioning through a tracheostomy, and her eyes had to be taped shut
      because of her facial paralysis. She remained mentally alert throughout. Proper
      care of such a helpless patient demands not only excellent technical performance
      of many nursing procedures but a sensitivity to the patient as a person. The
      author describes the many shortcomings of the care she received and the value of
      physiotherapy in her rehabilitation and makes a number of specific
      recommendations for the care of critically ill conscious patients.

PMID- 6388776
TI  - Care in a birth room versus a conventional setting: a controlled trial.
AB  - A controlled clinical trial was carried out to assess whether a birth room
      setting would influence the care of mothers and newborns. Of the 163 low-risk
      women enrolled, 49 (30%) manifested some prenatal risk and were excluded. The
      remaining 114 were allocated by strict alternation to a birth room or a
      conventional setting. Of the 56 women allocated to the birth room, 63% of the
      primiparas and 19% of the multiparas were later transferred. The numbers in the
      two settings who had oxytocin stimulation, epidural anesthesia, forceps delivery
      or cesarean section did not show statistically significant differences. The
      episiotomy rates were slightly lower in the birth room than in the conventional
      setting, and the rates of an intact perineum were higher in the birth room.
      Neither the Apgar scores nor the morbidity rates of the infants showed
      statistically significant differences related to the setting to which the mother
      had been allocated, although more infants from the conventional setting were
      admitted to a special care unit. Both "experimental" groups of women less often
      received routine perineal shaving, enemas or intravenous infusions than did an
      obstetrically similar nonexperimental comparison group. Despite the apparent
      inability in this setting for the birth room to influence the rate of major
      obstetric procedures (except for episiotomy) and outcomes, the authors believe
      that a birth room is desirable in tertiary care centres as well as in community
      hospitals.

PMID- 6388777
TI  - Safety of diagnostic ultrasonography.

PMID- 6388778
TI  - Randomized controlled trial of plasma exchange for hemolytic disease due to anti
      D.

PMID- 6388780
TI  - Respiratory response to formaldehyde and off-gas of urea formaldehyde foam
      insulation.
AB  - In 18 subjects, 9 of whom had previously complained of various nonrespiratory
      adverse effects from the urea formaldehyde foam insulation (UFFI) in their homes,
      pulmonary function was assessed before and after exposure in a laboratory. On
      separate occasions formaldehyde, 1 part per million (ppm), and UFFI off-gas
      yielding a formaldehyde concentration of 1.2 ppm, were delivered to each subject
      in an environmental chamber for 90 minutes and a fume hood for 30 minutes
      respectively. None of the measures of pulmonary function used (forced vital
      capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second or maximal midexpiratory flow
      rate) showed any clinically or statistically significant response to the exposure
      either immediately after or 8 hours after its beginning. There were no
      statistically significant differences between the responses of the group that had
      previously complained of adverse effects and of the group that had not. There was
      no evidence that either formaldehyde or UFFI off-gas operates as a lower airway
      allergen or important bronchospastic irritant in this heterogeneous population.

PMID- 6388779
TI  - Parkinson's disease in 1984: an update.
AB  - This update reviews several important topics in the field of Parkinson's disease,
      including etiologic studies, the types and mechanisms of drug complications and
      their treatment, when and how to begin treatment, the association of dementia
      with Parkinson's disease, and the development of the newer research tools. The
      recent discovery of a highly selective neurotoxin (MPTP) that causes parkinsonism
      in humans and other primates and the use of positron emission tomography in
      living patients should improve our understanding of the cause of cell death in
      Parkinson's disease and assist in the development of more definitive treatment
      for this common, disabling neurologic condition.

PMID- 6388781
TI  - Isolation of Legionella pneumophila from the blood of a patient with
      Legionnaires' disease.
AB  - Legionella pneumophila is rarely isolated from blood cultures. Presently most
      cases of Legionnaires' disease are diagnosed retrospectively from the results of
      indirect fluorescent antibody tests, which possess inherent disadvantages. An 81
      year-old woman with a history of diabetes mellitus presented symptoms of
      Legionnaires' disease. Five hours before her death 1.5 mL of blood was withdrawn
      from a scalp vein and seeded to a culture medium. Following incubation for 3 days
      L. pneumophila serotype 1 was isolated.

PMID- 6388782
TI  - Local infusion of low-dose streptokinase for renal artery thromboembolism.
AB  - Although local low-dose therapy with streptokinase has been found to be effective
      in patients with recent arterial occlusions, there have been few reports of its
      use in those with renal artery occlusion, perhaps because this condition is
      difficult to diagnose early. This paper describes a patient with acute renal
      artery thromboembolism and intermittent tachyarrhythmias in whom treatment with a
      local low-dose infusion of streptokinase resulted in complete recanalization of
      the main artery and good recovery of renal function.

PMID- 6388783
TI  - The genius of Alexis Carrel.

PMID- 6388784
TI  - Canada's amazing health history: let's murder the medical officer.

PMID- 6388785
TI  - Cholera and public health in Canada.

PMID- 6388786
TI  - Public health in Sub-Arctic Labrador 1912-1978.

PMID- 6388787
TI  - [History of public health in Quebec].

PMID- 6388788
TI  - Aspects of public health in Toronto, in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

PMID- 6388789
TI  - A brief history of public health in Alberta.

PMID- 6388790
TI  - Dental public health in British Columbia.

PMID- 6388791
TI  - Anatomy and histology of the middle ear.

PMID- 6388792
TI  - Pathology of acute otitis media and chronic secretory otitis media.

PMID- 6388793
TI  - Immunologic reactivity in otitis media with effusion.

PMID- 6388794
TI  - Etiologic factors in the development of chronic middle ear effusions.
AB  - Many factors increase the risk for CMEE in children. We believe the most
      important include recurrent purulent otitis media, chronic nasal congestion,
      atopy, and household cigarette smoke exposure. The risk of each of these in
      causing middle ear disease increases with the chronicity of the exposure. The
      risk may be additive, with a combination of these factors. CMEE undoubtedly
      develops through several mechanisms. It is important to look for specific risk
      factors, as their identification may afford potential approaches toward the
      prevention of recurrences. Theories such as prophylactic antibiotic
      administration, pneumococcal vaccination, pharmacologic therapy with
      antihistamines, decongestants and/or steroids, immunotherapy, and the avoidance
      of household irritants may be selectively beneficial for the appropriate
      individual. In an attempt to facilitate strategies to prevent acute middle ear
      disease as well as recurrent and chronic effusions, further understanding of the
      etiology, pathogenesis, and risk factors is prerequisite. Additional controlled
      studies in all of these areas are essential so that we may expand our knowledge
      base and offer more definitive recommendations to our patients and their
      families.

PMID- 6388795
TI  - Serous otitis in children: medical and surgical aspects, diagnosis and
      management.

PMID- 6388796
TI  - Effects of conductive hearing loss on speech, language, and learning development.

PMID- 6388797
TI  - Paranasal sinus anatomy and pathophysiology.
AB  - Mucociliary function keeps the normal sinuses free of drainage despite the fact
      that several of the sinus otia are not favorably located for gravitational
      drainage. This function of drainage is lost if the ostium becomes occluded or
      mucociliary function is impaired. The precise mechanisms of ostial occlusion
      remain to be elucidated. The normal healthy sinus is free of bacteria, despite
      the presence of normal bacterial flora in the nasopharynx. In sinusitis bacteria
      probably gain access to the sinus via the ostium, although in some cases (eg,
      dental abscess) bacteria penetrate from contiguous structures. Bacteria in an
      occluded sinus rapidly convert the gas environment to favor their rapid growth.
      The increased growth and purulence as well as the low PO2 may impair local immune
      defense mechanisms by degradation of immunoglobulins as well as impaired
      granulocyte killing. The natural course of sinusitis continues until the ostial
      occlusion resolves, allowing mucociliary function to drain the affected sinus. In
      this way spontaneous resolution of sinusitis is possible. Spontaneous drainage
      cannot occur if the mucociliary function is congenitally deficient, damaged by
      scarring from previous severe infection, or surgically removed. In addition,
      chronic sinusitis may occur if there is persistent ostial obstruction from nasal
      polyps or tumors. The drainage may be diminished by an anatomically small ostium
      or tortuous drainage duct. Drainage of the sinus may be increased by the effects
      of erect posture on ostial resistance. Besides adequate drainage, the importance
      of the local immune defense mechanisms must be emphasized. The occurrence of
      chronic sinusitis in patients with various immunoglobulin deficiencies reinforces
      this point.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6388798
TI  - Sinusitis in children--diagnosis and management.

PMID- 6388799
TI  - Diagnosis and medical and surgical treatment of sinusitis in adults.

PMID- 6388800
TI  - Upper airway disease and bronchial hyperreactivity.
AB  - Bronchial irritability is seen in illnesses involving the upper respiratory
      tract. In allergic rhinitis, it appears to coexist, and constitutes a risk factor
      for the development of asthma. In acute respiratory infections, asthmatic attacks
      may occur coincidentally with viral infections, and infection with some viruses
      may cause normal persons to develop bronchial irritability. There is suggestive
      evidence that the associated bronchial irritability may take months to clear and
      may predispose subjects to permanent hyperreactivity.

PMID- 6388801
TI  - Combined modality in Hodgkin's disease. Comparison of six versus three courses of
      MOPP with clinical and surgical restaging.
AB  - Between 1972 and 1979, 121 patients with Hodgkin's disease (clinical Stages IInA,
      IB, IIB, and III) were treated by two different, successive, therapeutic
      protocols. The first group received six MOPP (mechlorethamine, vincristine,
      procarbazine, prednisone) cycles before radiotherapy, whereas the second group
      received only three MOPP cycles before irradiation. A total of 118 patients
      underwent surgical restaging with splenectomy before irradiation. Clinical
      criteria used in defining complete remission were verified by surgical restaging.
      Three MOPPs were just as effective as six MOPPs when combined with radiotherapy
      in achieving complete remission and in treating occult splenic disease. Following
      extended-field irradiation, complete remission rates were 96% for three MOPPs
      versus 94% for six MOPPs. The actuarial survival rates, 4 years after therapy
      completion, were 89% for three MOPPs and 94% for six MOPPs, with a relapse-free
      survival rate of 88% and 96.6%, respectively.

PMID- 6388802
TI  - High-dose cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil versus vincristine, doxorubicin,
      and cyclophosphamide in advanced carcinoma of the breast. A phase III study of
      the Piedmont Oncology Association (POA).
AB  - Forty-nine patients with advanced carcinoma of the breast who had received no
      prior chemotherapy were randomized to receive either high-dose cyclophosphamide
      (C) 1250 mg/M2 intravenously on day 1 and 5-fluorouracil (F) 600 mg/M2
      intravenously on days 1 through 5 (CF), or vincristine (V) 1.5 mg/M2, doxorubicin
      (A) 50 mg/M2 and cyclophosphamide (C) 500 mg/M2 (VAC), all intravenously on day
      1. Both regimens were repeated at 3-week intervals. Nine of 25 patients (36%)
      treated with CF and ten of 21 patients (48%) treated with VAC showed a complete
      or partial response as defined by the (UICC) guidelines. The estimated median
      time to progression for all patients was 3.5 months for CF and 6.0 months for
      VAC, with the median time to progression for responding patients being 8.5 months
      on CF and 6.3 months on VAC. Estimated survival is also similar for the two
      regimens. Ten of the patients treated with high-dose CF experienced septic
      episodes and four died. Toxicity on the CF arm necessitated premature closure of
      the study, and thus full statistical comparison of the efficacy of the two
      regimens cannot be made.

PMID- 6388803
TI  - Complications following postoperative combined radiation and chemotherapy in
      adenocarcinoma of the rectum and rectosigmoid. A randomized trial that failed.
AB  - A randomized multicenter trial was started to evaluate the effect of irradiation
      combined with 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate on survival after surgery for
      rectal and rectosigmoidal carcinoma, Dukes' stages B and C. The trial was
      terminated prematurely after entrance of 34 patients due to frequent and serious
      complications. Three patients died as a direct consequence of the adjuvant
      treatment.

PMID- 6388804
TI  - In situ study of T-cell subpopulations in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Diagnostic
      criteria.
AB  - The T-cell subpopulations present in skin biopsy specimens from 91 patients with
      cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and from 19 patients with benign lymphocytic
      infiltrates of the skin were examined in situ to define criteria for the
      differentiation of benign from malignant lymphocytic infiltrates. The monoclonal
      antibodies OKT 1 (pan T-cell), BE 3 (pan T-cell), OKT 4 (helper/inducer T-cell),
      OKT 6 (cortical thymocyte and Langerhans' cell), OKT 8 (suppressor T-cell), and
      OKT 10 (pan thymocyte) were used in direct or indirect immunoperoxidase
      reactions. Sections were examined at high magnification, and the distribution and
      percentage of cells reactive with each antibody were assessed. Three main
      patterns of staining were observed in the CTCL patients: (1) 64% of the biopsy
      specimens showed that 60% of the cells present in the dermis were T-cells that
      were OKT 1+ and BE 3+ and there was an even distribution of the different T-cell
      subpopulations, with 54% being OKT 4+ and 8% OKT 8+; (2) 21% patients showed
      selective loss of OKT 1 antigen, and 80% of these also showed loss of BE 3
      antigen; and (3) 15% patients showed large numbers of OKT 8+ cells (range, 50%
      90%) but the percentages of OKT 1+ and OKT 4+ cells were within the ranges seen
      in Group 1, indicating the presence of a population of T-cells simultaneously
      expressing OKT 4 (helper/inducer) and OKT 8 (suppressor) reactivity. In 95% of
      the CTCL patients, 3.5% OKT 6+ cells were present in the dermal infiltrate, and
      in 92% of patients, 3% OKT 10+ cells were present. Comparing sections from CTCL
      and benign dermatoses, no single diagnostic feature was identified, but helpful
      differentiating features were: (1) the even, rather than nodular, distribution of
      the T-cell subpopulation; (2) the selective loss of OKT 1 and BE 3 antigens; (3)
      the presence of T-cells simultaneously expressing OKT 4 and OKT 8 antigens; and
      (4) the presence of OKT 10+ cells.

PMID- 6388805
TI  - Diffuse large cell (histiocytic) lymphoma of the spleen. Clinical and pathologic
      characteristics of ten cases.
AB  - Ten patients with diffuse large cell (histiocytic) lymphoma of the spleen had a
      characteristic clinical presentation and pathologic findings. Patients presented
      with left upper quadrant pain, fever, weight loss, and an elevated sedimentation
      rate. Imaging studies revealed an enlarged spleen with a discrete mass in all
      cases. Moderate to massive splenomegaly (average weight, 1025 g) was found at
      laparotomy; a single large mass or multiple confluent nodules with extensive
      central necrosis replaced 85% to 90% of the parenchyma. The tumor transgressed
      the splenic capsule in nine of ten cases, and either invaded or was adherent to
      the diaphragm, stomach, pancreas, or abdominal wall. Lymph nodes in the splenic
      hilum or retroperitoneum were frequently involved. Seven patients were in Ann
      Arbor Stage II, and three were in Stage I. Eight of the ten lymphomas were
      subclassified as centroblastic (large noncleaved cell) and two were
      immunoblastic. The B-cell lineage of six tumors was established by the presence
      of monoclonal immunoglobulin. Despite combination chemotherapy, with or without
      radiation, three of the seven patients whose follow-up was adequate died in less
      than 2 years; four are alive at 7, 12, 12, and 81 months, respectively, the last
      two with recurrent lymphoma. Large cell lymphoma of the spleen is a likely
      diagnosis in patients who present with left upper quadrant pain, fever, and
      radiographic evidence of a splenic mass.

PMID- 6388806
TI  - Human tumor stem cell assay. A prospective clinical trial.
AB  - Reported is a prospective clinical trial involving 53 patients evaluating the
      usefulness of a human tumor stem cell assay for selecting chemotherapeutic agents
      for patients with advanced malignancies. Three patients could not be directed by
      the cloning system results because of inadequate tumor growth or other
      difficulties. Cloning efficiency exceeded 90%. Fewer than 3% of soft agar
      cultures were contaminated by fungal elements. True-positive rates of 65% and
      true-negative rates of 90% for the cloning assay in predicting response (or lack
      of response) to chemotherapeutic agents were seen. Preliminary data on the
      predictive ability of the assay in determining response to adjunctive
      hyperthermia are presented. With the derivation of mean doubling times from the
      assay, individualized treatments may be designed for patients with advanced
      malignancies.

PMID- 6388807
TI  - An atypical fibromyxoid tumor of the prostate.
AB  - An unusual fibromyxoid tumor of the prostate is described that may be confused
      with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (botryoid sarcoma). The cells were fibroblastic,
      and the tumor lacked mitotic activity. Rhabdomyoblasts were not seen under either
      light or electron microscopy. Although the cells presented a strap-like
      appearance, striations were not observed. Results of immunoperoxidase studies
      were also negative for muscle origin. The tumor has pursued a benign clinical
      course.

PMID- 6388808
TI  - Surgical oncology.
AB  - There has been a recent reassertion of the surgeon's role in cancer management.
      Traditionally, surgery has been the major modality of cancer treatment. In
      settings of clinical trials, surgeons had initially assumed a more passive
      status, contributing patients while chemotherapists and radiotherapists developed
      experimental protocols. Currently surgeons are taking an active role in planning
      and participating in such clinical studies. The American Joint Committee Staging
      System is being widely adopted, quality control of surgical procedures is
      improving, and innovative surgical operations are being devised. Surgical
      oncologists have spearheaded the concepts of multimodal treatment for their
      colleagues for a variety of cancers, most particularly cancers of the breast,
      head and neck, esophagus, lung, stomach, colorectum, and testicles, and sarcomas.
      The interaction of surgical treatment with radiation and chemotherapy is now more
      carefully planned, both for primary and metastatic tumors, and meaningful data
      are being derived from patient care. There is emphasis on treatment options,
      individualization of therapy, and restorative procedures at a variety of cancer
      sites. Constitutional aspects of cancer, such as nutrition, immune status, and
      metabolic aberrations, are given more attention, and there is a greater
      application of advances in cancer biology to the overall clinical care of
      patients.

PMID- 6388809
TI  - Cancer chemotherapy. Progress and expectations, 1984.
AB  - Progress in the treatment of cancer with drugs has radically altered the clinical
      approach to patients with malignancy. Not only have new drugs produced promising
      results in hitherto untreatable tumors, but they have extended and enhanced the
      effectiveness of other modalities, including surgery and radiotherapy. In this
      article, the authors consider avenues of research that likely to aid in the
      discovery of new anticancer drugs and improve the effectiveness of established
      agents. Promising new efforts in drug development include the use of new
      screening systems, particularly those employing human tumor material; the
      development of improved analogs of existing active agents particularly those of
      the anthracycline and platinum complex types; and the search for agents that
      which promote differentiation or prevent metastasis. In an effort to improve the
      effectiveness of established agents, the authors consider the application of
      pharmacokinetic principles in developing regional perfusion routes,
      intraperitoneal chemotherapy, and central nervous system penetration. Finally,
      the contribution of biochemical pharmacology to the current understanding of drug
      action, mechanisms of resistance, and drug interactions are considered, and the
      impact of this knowledge on clinical protocol design is assessed.

PMID- 6388810
TI  - Conservation surgery and irradiation as an alternative to mastectomy in the
      treatment of clinically favorable breast cancer.
AB  - The combination of conservation surgery and radiation therapy for early breast
      cancer is gaining acceptance as an alternative to radical mastectomy. This
      article reviews the results of randomized trials showing that there is no
      advantage to a radical mastectomy in patients with early breast cancer. In
      addition, the article will review multiple reports concerning the local and
      regional tumor control and survival of patients treated with conservation surgery
      and irradiation as well as a comparison of 1073 patients with TIS T1 T2 N0 N1
      breast cancer treated at University of Texas (UT) M. D. Anderson Hospital between
      1955 and 1980, of whom 345 were treated with conservation surgery and irradiation
      and 728 were treated with radical or modified radical mastectomy alone. The
      locoregional recurrence in the patients treated with an intact breast is 4.9%,
      and 5.6% in patients treated with radical or modified radical mastectomy. There
      is no significant difference in the 10-year disease-free survival rates between
      the two groups of patients. In addition, a comparison of 2467 patients with Stage
      I and Stage II breast cancer treated at the UT M. D. Anderson Hospital shows no
      significant difference in the incidence of consecutive second breast carcinoma as
      a result of the use of radiation therapy in the treatment of the first breast
      cancer.

PMID- 6388811
TI  - Maxillofacial prosthetics and the head and neck cancer patient.
AB  - The rehabilitation of cancer patients has been an important aspect of patient
      care in recent decades. Disabilities resulting from acquired surgical defects in
      the head and neck area frequently are corrected by using nonliving substitutes or
      prostheses. A number of specialists in the prosthetic reconstruction of head and
      neck patients, namely maxillofacial prosthodontists, have been trained over the
      past 20 years. Now more large metropolitan areas have these services available
      for cancer patients. In addition, pertinent research in materials and design has
      resulted in a whole array of possible prostheses that can be constructed to meet
      specific patient needs. Both the current state of the art in maxillofacial
      prosthetics and recent advances are highlighted in this paper. The areas covered
      are: extraoral (facial) prostheses, intraoral prostheses, implant prostheses, and
      treatment prostheses. The multidisciplinary nature of head and neck cancer
      patient rehabilitation is also reviewed.

PMID- 6388813
TI  - Ovarian carcinoma. A decade of progress.
AB  - Significant and dramatic progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of
      women with ovarian carcinoma in the last 10 years, the results of which are now
      just being reflected in an increase in survival and cure rates. In early staged
      disease (Stage I and II) significant progress has been made concerning our
      understanding of the sites of subclinical metastasis when at surgery the tumor is
      clinically limited to the ovary or pelvis. A prospective study of 100 patients
      with Stages IA to IIB ovarian cancer who underwent restaging within 4 weeks of
      initial surgery will report this. Moreover, preliminary results of the first
      randomized therapeutic trials (melphalan versus observation; melphalan versus
      chromic phosphate [P-32]) in patients surgically staged and found to be Stage IA
      to IIB carcinoma will be discussed. For Stages IB to III, the 5-year survival
      rates comparing whole abdominal radiation by the moving strip technique to open
      field irradiation will be discussed. For advanced (Stage III and IV) ovarian
      carcinoma, the new techniques in debulking surgery will be illustrated. Finally,
      the significant progress in response rates, median duration of survival, disease
      free survival, and 5-year survival rates made during the past 10 years will be
      presented. This will be done by comparing a unique group of 117 patients treated
      with melphalan alone, all of whom have been followed for 5 years or until death,
      to patients who received cisplatin combination chemotherapy--cyclophosphamide,
      hexamethylmelamine, Adriamycin (doxorubicin), and cisplatin (CHAD) or cisplatin,
      Adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide (PAC)--and have now been followed 3.4+ and 4+
      years, respectively. What is clearly evident is that in the last decade there has
      been significant increase in response rates, median duration of survival, 3.4+-,
      4+-, and 5-year survival rates and cure rates with the advent of debulking
      surgery and platinum-containing combination chemotherapy.

PMID- 6388812
TI  - Advances in the treatment of sarcomas of the extremity. Current status of limb
      salvage.
AB  - Nonamputative limb salvage is possible for many patients with malignant skeletal
      or soft tissue sarcomas. Significant advances in pathology, radiology,
      chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgical and biomechanical techniques have
      contributed to a better understanding of these diseases, and have provided the
      necessary techniques to achieve local tumor control without amputation.
      Integration of diagnostic and treatment modalities has reduced local recurrence
      and improved overall patient survival. Preoperative (neoadjuvant) therapy permits
      assessment of the treatment effect and appears to significantly improve selection
      of effective postoperative adjuvant therapy. As overall patient survival has
      improved, efforts to increase local tumor control and to evaluate long-term
      functional stability of the salvaged extremity are now possible.

PMID- 6388814
TI  - The role of surgery in advanced testicular cancer.
AB  - Advanced testicular cancer is best treated with combination platinum-based
      chemotherapy as primary therapy. If there is only moderate tumor bulk at
      presentation, many patients will achieve a complete remission and have no
      evidence of disease thereafter. Those with more bulky tumor who obtain a partial
      remission should then have residual tumor completely resected by surgery. This
      effectively restages the patient, provides therapeutic benefit to many, and
      determines the need for additional chemotherapy. If carcinoma is found in the
      resected specimen, further "salvage" chemotherapy is required. If the resection
      is grossly complete, even this group can obtain survival in the majority of
      cases.

PMID- 6388815
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation in leukemia. Current status.
AB  - Intensive cytoreductive therapy may be curative in certain hematopoietic
      malignancies, but its administration is limited by lethal marrow toxicity. Bone
      marrow transplantation (BMT) provides a way of rescue from this toxicity. The
      donor may be a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) "matched" sibling (allogeneic), an
      identical twin (syngeneic), or the patient (autologous). Long remissions and
      possible cures of 50% to 60% have been reported in acute leukemia after intensive
      treatment with chemotherapy, with and without total body irradiation, followed by
      allogeneic BMT. A similar approach has been used in chronic myelocytic leukemia
      (CML) and in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with encouraging results. Results are best in
      younger patients and those transplanted early in their disease (i.e., in the
      first remission for acute leukemia and in the chronic phase of the disease in
      CML). Solutions to major problems associated with allogeneic BMT, such as graft
      versus-host disease and viral infections, are being actively pursued. Syngeneic
      BMT avoids some of the above problems, but relapses appear to be greater.
      Nevertheless, this approach has produced a significant number of cures.
      Autologous BMT is the newest approach, and the demonstration that marrow may be
      purged of residual tumor cells by immunologic or pharmacologic means has
      engendered enthusiasm for this area of clinical therapeutic investigation.

PMID- 6388816
TI  - Differentiation modifiers.
AB  - This article summarizes evidence that indicates that a variety of relatively
      simple chemical compounds can induce murine erythroleukemia cells (MELCs) as well
      as a number of other transformed cell lines to differentiate with the loss of
      proliferative capacity and the expression of differentiated characteristics.
      These studies provide a potentially important new approach in the treatment of
      certain neoplastic diseases that may be an alternative to the use of cytotoxic
      agents, namely, agents that induce transformed cells to terminal cell division,
      expression of differentiated characteristics, and loss of oncogenic properties. A
      strong note of caution is needed concerning the potential therapeutic role of
      these agents that are able to induce transformed cells to terminal
      differentiation. In general, it appears that inducer-sensitive transformed cell
      lines are blocked at a particular stage in the development of these cells. The
      evidence suggests that these compounds trigger certain events that then are
      involved in the progression of differentiation of these cells with loss of
      proliferative capacity. It is not known how to predict which transformed cell
      lines are blocked in a stage of differentiation susceptible to the inducer
      mediated effects of agents as described above. Nevertheless, it is reasonable to
      suggest that the pursuit of studies in this area may permit researchers to
      determine the potential efficacy of these inducers for in vivo controlled trials
      with certain select types of neoplasms.

PMID- 6388817
TI  - Hyperthermia in the treatment of cancer. Perspectives on its promise and its
      problems.
AB  - The potential for the use of hyperthermia in the treatment of cancer is based on
      a strong and compelling biologic rationale. In the laboratory it has been shown
      in quantitative assays both in vitro and in vivo that (1) hyperthermia is
      cytotoxic to tumor cells as a function of time at temperatures above 42 degrees
      C; (2) cytotoxicity is relatively high for radioresistant S-phase cells and for
      cells that are nutritionally deprived and acidotic, conditions one might expect
      in regions of tumors containing large numbers of radioresistant hypoxic cells;
      and (3) heat is a radiosensitizer and a chemosensitizer. Clinical study is
      hampered by less than optimal physical heating methods and the need for invasive
      thermometry. Ultrasonic and electromagnetic approaches each have limitations and
      advantages. In spite of technical limitations, efficacy has been shown for
      superficial tumor sites treated by local hyperthermia and Phase I studies are
      underway investigating the more complicated problem of deep regional
      hyperthermia. Although whole body hyperthermia has the attractive capability of
      treating metastatic as well as more localized cancer, it is toxic therapy and its
      role in treatment remains undefined. Research advances in equipment design and
      treatment optimization are needed; however, there are studies underway utilizing
      existing methods and rationale which should further clarify the potential
      clinical usefulness of regional hyperthermia in combined modality approaches to
      cancer therapy.

PMID- 6388818
TI  - High-dose chemotherapy and non-frozen autologous bone marrow transplantation in
      relapsed advanced lymphomas or those resistant to conventional chemotherapy.
AB  - Ten patients with advanced, diffuse Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas
      responding poorly to the most widely employed primary chemotherapy regimens were
      treated with a high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) followed by rescue with non-frozen
      autologous bone marrow infusion (ABMT). Complete remission (CR) was obtained in
      seven of ten patients (70%) and partial remission in two. Hemopoietic recovery
      occurred in nine cases. These preliminary results appear to indicate that HDC and
      non-frozen ABMT may be successfully used in patients with resistant or relapsed
      lymphomas.

PMID- 6388819
TI  - Transplantation of non-purified autologous bone marrow in patients with AML in
      first remission.
AB  - Four patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were treated with high-dose
      cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation followed by reinfusion of a portion
      of their own bone marrow collected during remission. This procedure was applied
      when the patients were in complete remission. They did not receive further
      maintenance chemotherapy after grafting. The use of bone marrow for grafting that
      had been pre-exposed to high-dose chemotherapy for remission induction did not
      preclude good hematologic regeneration. All patients showed stable remissions
      that lasted for 64+, 21, 40+, and 19+ months, respectively. Death in the second
      patient was due to a medullary relapse of the leukemia. Autologous bone marrow
      transplantation in patients with AML in remission may permit lasting remissions,
      even when applied without additional chemotherapy and attempts to purify the
      marrow of neoplastic cells.

PMID- 6388821
TI  - A direct bone marrow chromosome technique for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - We describe a direct bone marrow chromosome technique that was developed
      especially for use in studies of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The features
      responsible for technical improvements include: the use of RPMI 1640 medium,
      supplemented with 30% fetal calf serum, to support cellular activity during both
      specimen transport and Colcemid treatment; the processing of only 0.1 ml of
      sedimented cells or less per centrifuge tube; the exposure of cells to Colcemid
      for a maximum of 25 min; control of the total time of exposure to hypotonic
      solution; the use of a steel wire as a stirring rod (fashioned to fit the
      centrifuge tube) for mixing cells; slide preparation by a specific edging-flaming
      technique; the natural aging of the slides to achieve optimal drying; and the use
      of a modified G-banding procedure that employs Wright's stain. This technique has
      been used in more than 350 cases of ALL and has consistently provided analyzable
      banded chromosomes, even in hyperdiploid cases with up to 91 chromosomes. It
      makes the previously recognized morphological difference between metaphases of
      residual normal cells and those from the leukemic clone less apparent. The edging
      flaming technique of slide preparation is the most important component and is
      especially appropriate for spreading large numbers of chromosomes in ALL.

PMID- 6388820
TI  - Comparison of two consecutive trials for treatment of childhood non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma.
AB  - Two consecutive trials for the treatment of childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were
      evaluated, carried out by the same cooperative groups. Group A: From June, 1973
      to December, 1975, 50 evaluable patients under 16 years of age participated in a
      study that included vincristine and prednisone plus surgery and/or radiotherapy
      as induction. This was followed by 2400 rad of cranial radiotherapy plus 5 doses
      of intrathecal methotrexate-dexamethasone and anti-leukemia (6-mercaptopurine,
      methotrexate, cyclophosphamide) or anti-lymphoma (cyclophosphamide, vincristine,
      procarbazine, and prednisone) maintenance treatment. Group B: From January, 1976
      to December, 1980, 55 evaluable patients participated in a consecutive study that
      added Adriamycin (doxorubicin) and cyclophosphamide to the former induction
      regimen. Central nervous system (CNS) prevention was performed with 5 doses of
      intrathecal methotrexate-dexamethasone. Maintenance treatment was the same.
      Prognostic factors as stage and primary site were comparable in both groups. A
      total of 33 (66%) of 50 children of Group A and 48 (87%) of 55 children of Group
      B achieved complete remission (P less than 0.005). Disease-free survival at 60
      months was 27% in Group A and 49% in Group B; for Stage I-II, 30% in Group A and
      85% in Group B (P less than 0.025); for Stage III-IV 28% in Group A and 36% in
      Group B (not significant). In Group A, 9.1% and in Group B, 8.3% had primary CNS
      relapse. Both maintenance schedules had the same relapse rate. It was concluded
      that: (1) the addition of Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide to vincristine
      prednisone in Group B produces a higher rate of complete remission in Stage III
      IV, a higher rate of disease-free survival in Stage I-II, and a higher survival
      rate in all stages; (2) CNS prevention with intrathecal methotrexate
      dexamethasone is equally effective as cranial radiation plus intrathecal
      methotrexate-dexamethasone; and (3) anti-leukemia and anti-lymphoma maintenance
      are equally effective in the context of this study.

PMID- 6388822
TI  - A comparison of the effect of selenium on the mutagenicity and metabolism of
      benzo[a]pyrene in rat and hamster liver S9 activation systems.
AB  - When selenium (Na2SeO3) was included in the incubation mix containing rat or
      hamster liver S9 preparations both the metabolism and mutagenicity of
      benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and several of its metabolites were altered. At non-toxic
      concentrations selenium inhibited the S9 dependent mutagenicity of BaP and a
      number of its metabolites on Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 as indicated by
      the number of histidine independent revertants observed. High performance liquid
      chromatographic analysis of S9 generated metabolites of BaP from rat and hamster
      liver indicated that selenium caused quantitative differences in the amounts of
      the metabolic products. In hamster liver S9 differences were reflected in
      decreased amounts of strongly mutagenic BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol and increased amounts
      of 4,5- and 9,10-dihydrodiols that were weakly mutagenic to TA100 in that system.
      In rat liver S9 selenium caused quantitatively similar decreases in BaP-7,8- and
      9,10-dihydrodiol and 3-hydroxy-BaP. When used as substrate 3-hydroxy-BaP was the
      most mutagenic to TA100 in the rat activation system whereas BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol
      was most mutagenic in the hamster S9 system. Assays that measured the formation
      of water-soluble conjugates of BaP indicated that selenium did not significantly
      alter the formation of sulfate ester or glutathione conjugates although a 12-17%
      reduction of labeled metabolites bound to the glucuronide fraction was observed.
      Results described in this report suggest that selenium modified the metabolism
      and hence the mutagenicity of BaP to TA100 by affecting mixed-function oxidase
      and/or epoxide hydratase activity in both the rat and hamster liver S9 activation
      systems.

PMID- 6388824
TI  - Invasiveness of primary brain tumors.
AB  - Primary malignant neoplasms of the nervous system differ from other types of
      malignancy in several ways. Clinical progression is due to local invasive growth,
      while metastases outside the skull are rare. The tumors show no sharp
      delimitation from the surrounding normal tissue. At the edge, an ill-defined area
      of invasive tumor cells, reacting glial cells and inflammatory cells is present.
      At the same time the primary brain tumors are biologically heterogeneous. In this
      review, a short survey of markers for malignancy in primary brain tumors is
      given, and some properties of importance for invasive behavior, are listed. These
      include different cellular enzymes, phagocytotic property, locomotive and
      proliferative characteristics. Studies of primary brain tumors in situ show
      invasive growth into the surrounding brain tissue, often followed by hemorrhage
      and necrosis. In addition spread of tumor cells takes place along preexisting
      intracranial structures. Recently, several systems for the study of brain tumor
      invasiveness in culture have been elaborated. Both experimental and human gliomas
      have been tested. The target tissues include organ culture of embryonic chick
      heart muscle, chorioallantoic membrane, fetal rat brain tissue and reconstructed
      vessel walls. It has been shown that glioma cells are able to split junctions
      between normal cells. They destroy and phagocytose the normal cells and penetrate
      the normal tissue. The use of brain tissue and reaggregated brain cell cultures
      as target for glioma cells in culture opens the possibility for an elucidation of
      invasiveness as one of the most important properties of malignancy in the nervous
      system.

PMID- 6388826
TI  - Cellular biochemistry of the stepwise development of cancer with chemicals: G. H.
      A. Clowes memorial lecture.
AB  - The sequence of possible cellular, tissue, biochemical, and molecular changes
      that are important during the development of experimental liver cancer with
      chemicals is reviewed from the viewpoint of the author's experience in
      carcinogenesis over the past 25 years. The development of a new model for the
      analysis of liver carcinogenesis, the resistant hepatocyte model, is briefly
      described, as are the known steps between exposure to an initiating dose of a
      chemical carcinogen to the appearance of hepatocellular carcinoma. These steps
      include: (a) the interactions with DNA; (b) the dependence on a round of cell
      proliferation for initiation; (c) one type of initiated hepatocyte, a resistant
      hepatocyte; (d) the selection of these new hepatocytes, probably by clonal
      expansion, to form synchronously the first type of hepatocyte nodules, early
      nodules; (e) the election of the majority of these nodules to undergo remodeling
      to normal-appearing liver by differentiation ("redifferentiation"); (f) the
      election of a minority of early nodules to persist; (g) the slow growth of the
      few persistent nodules; and (h) the precursor role of persistent nodules in the
      development of hepatocellular carcinoma. The evidence for such a precursor role
      includes: (a) the common occurrence in persistent nodules of a subsequent
      precancerous step, "nodules in nodules"; (b) the occurrence of metastasizing
      cancer inside nodules without cancer elsewhere in the liver; and (c) the high
      rate of evolution to cancer of persistent nodules, but not of early nodules, when
      transplanted to the spleen. Based on the common architecture, organization, blood
      supply, and biochemical pattern of properties relating to the metabolism of
      xenobiotics in hepatocyte nodules in six different models of liver carcinogenesis
      and on the common occurrence of a highly programmed redifferentiation pattern of
      carcinogen-induced hepatocyte nodules, it is concluded that heterogeneity and
      diversity seen in many phenotypic properties of cancers, including liver cancers,
      is preceded by a precursor population that is unusually homogeneous and uniform
      in phenotype. Thus, the heterogeneity and diversity of cancers are probably late
      manifestations in carcinogenesis. The available evidence is very suggestive that
      the hepatocyte nodules are an expression of physiological adaptation to exposure
      to hazardous xenobiotics and not a form of aberration or mutation. The data also
      suggest that hepatocyte nodules are an additional pattern of liver
      differentiation and that liver cancer, to be understood, should be compared with
      this precursor new state rather than the conventional adult, fetal, or embryonic
      states.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6388827
TI  - Structure-activity relationship of anthracycline-induced genotoxicity in vitro.
AB  - Anthracycline antitumor antibiotics, such as Adriamycin and daunomycin, are
      potent genotoxic agents and carcinogens. A variety of anthracycline derivatives
      was investigated in various in vitro short-term tests, i.e., mutagenesis in
      Salmonella typhimurium and V79 Chinese hamster cells and induction of unscheduled
      DNA synthesis in primary rat hepatocytes. Compounds containing a daunosamine
      sugar moiety (Adriamycin, daunomycin, 4-demethoxydaunomycin, 4
      demethoxyadriamycin, and carminomycin) were highly active in both mutagenesis
      assays. Addition of S9 to the bacteria and cocultivation of V79 cells with rat
      hepatocytes, in general, decreased the mutagenicity of these compounds. In
      contrast, anthracyclines with N-alkylated sugar moieties (aclacinomycin A,
      marcellomycin, musettamycin, pyrromycin, rudolfomycin, N,N-dimethyladriamycin,
      N,N-dimethyldaunomycin, N-benzyldaunomycin, N,N-dibenzyldaunomycin, 3'-deamino-3'
      methoxypiperidinodaunomycin, morpholinodaunomycin, cyanomorpholinodaunomycin, and
      cyanomorpholinoadriamycin) were weakly mutagenic or not mutagenic at all in both
      bacterial and mammalian cells. The two latter compounds were weakly active in the
      Salmonella/microsome assay only after addition of S9. Results obtained in the DNA
      repair studies did not correlate to these mutagenicity data; while most
      compounds, including Adriamycin and daunomycin, were either weakly active or
      inactive at inducing unscheduled DNA synthesis in primary rat hepatocytes,
      morpholinodaunomycin, cyanomorpholinodaunomycin, and cyanomorpholinoadriamycin
      were extremely active. The results indicate that the mutagenicity of
      anthracyclines is related more to differences in their sugar moiety than to
      differences in the chemical structure of their aglycones; N-alkylation of the
      sugar moiety can abolish or greatly reduce their mutagenic activity. Moreover,
      induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis, although considered to be due to DNA
      damage, is not correlated to anthracycline-induced mutations but may possibly
      indicate covalent DNA interaction.

PMID- 6388828
TI  - Transfer of age-associated restrained tumor growth in mice by old-to-young bone
      marrow transplantation.
AB  - B16 melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma grow more slowly in aged mice.
      Immunesenescent changes may account for this age-related difference. To test for
      the effect of immune deficiency on the growth of these tumors, we treated young
      mice with an immunosuppressive dose of radiation and then observed tumor growth.
      We also radiated young mice to a higher (lethal) dose and then rescued them with
      either young or old bone marrow transfusion. Tumors grew more slowly in radiated
      mice than controls and in those reconstituted with old bone marrow. These
      findings support the concept of immunesenescent-related reduced tumor growth.

PMID- 6388825
TI  - Invasiveness of transformed bladder epithelial cells.
AB  - The invasiveness of bladder tumors has been studied in man, experimental animals,
      and in tissue culture by numerous authors. The prognostic importance of cellular
      markers for invasiveness is stressed, and the usefulness of histopathological and
      cytologic grading, cytogenetic studies, antigenic investigations, and enzymatic
      characterization is discussed. The invasiveness of bladder cells has frequently
      been examined in transplantation and explantation experiments. In human
      urothelial cell cultures three grades of transformation are defined, and a
      correlation has been established between the invasiveness of these cell lines in
      a three-dimensional in vitro model and their tumorigenicity in nude mice. The
      mechanism of tumor invasion is discussed, and it is recommended in future
      research to make a distinction between invasion en bloc and cellular
      infiltration.

PMID- 6388823
TI  - Somatic cell fusion as a source of genetic rearrangement leading to metastatic
      variants.
AB  - Tumor cell populations displaying metastatic properties often have higher gene
      dosage than their less malignant progenitor tumors, as shown by increased ploidy
      levels, chromosome duplication and gene amplification. The acquisition by tumor
      cells of high chromosome numbers may be due to endoreduplication or somatic
      hybridization either between tumor cells or between tumor and host cells. All
      such mechanisms increase genetic variability and instability in tumor cells since
      they trigger a polyploidization-segregation cycle. Among the wide variety of
      segregants which may emerge from high-ploidy cells, variants with increased
      malignancy can be positively selected in vivo. Evidence for in vivo fusion of
      tumor and normal host cells has been reported in different tumor systems. However
      the attainment by tumor-host hybrids of a higher degree of malignancy has only
      been observed following substantial chromosome segregation. The involvement of a
      cell of bone marrow origin as preferential host partner in the fusion process has
      been proved both by studies on tumor-host hybrids in bone marrow radiation
      chimeras and in vitro hybridization experiments between non-metastatic tumors and
      normal lymphoreticular cells which have led to the establishment of metastatic
      variants. Several different segregational mechanisms may bring about homozygosity
      or hemizygosity of recessive alleles in tumor-host hybrids, leading to their
      expression. The marked chromosome dynamics of tumor-host hybrids are also
      responsible for extensive chromosome rearrangements. At the molecular level these
      may represent mechanisms causing altered oncogene activity. The activation of new
      oncogenes by transposition or amplification as well as the amplification of
      previously activated oncogenes are the mechanisms most likely to be responsible
      for transition from low to high malignancy, occurring through ploidy changes,
      such as those produced by somatic mating.

PMID- 6388829
TI  - Glucose metabolism in cachectic patients with colorectal cancer.
AB  - We have studied a defined group of 12 weight-losing patients with metastatic
      colorectal cancer to evaluate the occurrence of and possible relationship between
      those determinants of carbohydrate metabolism which have been reported to occur
      commonly in cancer cachexia. The rates of endogenous glucose production and
      recycling via lactate (Cori cycle) were measured following an infusion of 50 to
      100 microCi of [1-14C]glucose. Compared to an age-related group of control
      subjects without cancer, significantly elevated rates of glucose production
      [136.4 +/- 9.0 (S.E.) versus 101.0 +/- 4.6 mg/kg/hr; p less than 0.01] and
      recycling (43.0 +/- 7.2 versus 15.4 mg/kg/hr; p less than 0.01) were observed.
      Values for glucose production and recycling ranged from normal to markedly
      elevated. Glucose tolerance was then determined following a p.o. glucose load of
      40 g/sq m in 10 of the 12 patients. Compared to control subjects, all showed a
      significantly delayed clearance of glucose (p less than 0.01) and a blunted
      insulin-secretory responsiveness (p less than 0.025). Increased glucose
      production and recycling was only observed in the presence of carbohydrate
      intolerance, but the latter occurred in a manner which seemed independent of the
      rate of glucose turnover. In order to obtain an estimate of hepatic glycogen
      reserves, glucagon, 15 ng/kg/min, was infused over 40 min in seven subjects. A
      significantly blunted glycemic response was observed in the cancer patients
      compared to controls (delta 25.0 +/- 6.9 versus 57.8 +/- 8.5 mg/dl; p less than
      0.025). Neither the rate of glucose production nor the glycemic response to
      glucagon appeared to correlate with the immediate antecedent caloric intake. An
      apparent relationship was observed, however, between increased glucose production
      and recycling and a lack of response to infused glucagon, probably reflecting
      decreased glycogen stores in the face of an increased glucose requirement by the
      patient. We have shown that diverse abnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism
      commonly occur in cancer cachexia and that significant metabolic heterogeneity
      may be expected, despite a uniform diagnosis. These results should prove useful
      in the interpretation and development of clinical studies on cancer cachexia.

PMID- 6388830
TI  - Smoking and lung cancer: an overview.
AB  - This position paper summarizes the overwhelming evidence that tobacco smoking is
      the cause of 30 to 40% of deaths from cancer. The focus is on lung cancer because
      of the sheer magnitude of this disease in males and the likelihood of a similar
      epidemic in females. There are two categories of evidence that indicate smoking
      to be the major cause of human lung cancer. Without exception, epidemiological
      studies have demonstrated a consistent association between smoking and lung
      cancer in men and now suggest a similar association in women. Chemical analyses
      of cigarette smoke reveal a multitude of known mutagens and carcinogens.
      Moreover, these chemicals are absorbed, are metabolized, and cause demonstrable
      genetic changes in smokers. Two consequences of smoking are evaluated. The
      results of treatment of lung cancer are not encouraging; despite vigorous
      therapy, the 5-year survival rate remains less than 10%. The social and economic
      costs of lung cancer and the smoking habit impinge on the productiveness of our
      society.

PMID- 6388831
TI  - Chemotherapy for metastatic non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma:
      cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide versus mitomycin and vinblastine
      (EST 2575, generation IV).
AB  - Between March and December 1979, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG)
      compared the CAVP16 (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide) and MV
      (mitomycin and vinblastine) regimens in 200 patients with metastatic non-small
      cell bronchogenic carcinoma. Most patients were ambulatory (ECOG performance
      status, 0, 1; 75%) and had not received prior radiation therapy (76%). The CAVP16
      regimen resulted in one complete and 13 partial responses (14%) and the mitomycin
      and vinblastine regimen resulted in two complete and 11 partial responses (13%).
      These results did not differ significantly (P = 0.45) nor did the results for
      median survival, 18 weeks for each regimen. Good performance status and prior
      surgical resection were positive predictors of improved survival. Toxicity was
      significant with eight drug-related deaths, six due to leukopenia and infection
      and one each due to renal failure and interstitial pneumonitis. CAVP16 resulted
      in significantly more serious and life-threatening toxicity (P less than 0.0001).
      Neither regimen is recommended for further study.

PMID- 6388832
TI  - Human leukocyte interferon and intermittent high-dose melphalan-prednisone
      administration in the treatment of multiple myeloma: a randomized clinical trial
      from the Myeloma Group of Central Sweden.
AB  - In a randomized clinical trial intermittent high-dose melphalan/prednisone (MP)
      treatment has been compared with human leukocyte interferon (IFN) administration.
      Three to 6 X 10(6) IU of IFN was given im daily. Therapy was continued to
      progression of the disease. Fifty-five patients were randomized to receive MP and
      75 were randomized to receive IFN. Forty-four percent of the patients receiving
      MP responded to therapy as opposed to only 14% of the patients receiving IFN (P
      less than 0.001). This difference was mainly due to a low response rate in IFN
      treated IgG myelomas, while the response rate for IgA and Bence Jones myelomas
      did not differ significantly between the two treatment groups. Median duration of
      response was shorter for IFN-responding patients (23 months) as compared to
      patients in the MP group (35 months). During follow-up, second-line therapy was
      given more frequently in the IFN group (91%) than in the MP group (59%). Time on
      initial treatment was significantly shorter in the IFN group (3 months) than in
      the MP group (19 months). Since more patients responded to second-line therapy in
      the IFN group than in the MP group, total survival did not differ significantly
      between the two groups.

PMID- 6388833
TI  - Treatment of myeloid blastic crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia.
AB  - Patients with myeloid blastic crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia were treated
      by chemotherapy or by autologous hematopoietic reconstitution after aggressive
      chemotherapy. Chemotherapy alone failed to produce a second chronic phase.
      Autologous transplantation resulted in the establishment of a second chronic
      phase in two of ten patients treated with a four-drug regimen, while treatment
      with high-dose cytarabine with or without busulfan resulted in the establishment
      of a second chronic phase in three of six patients and the return of normal
      hematopoiesis in a fourth. Consolidation chemotherapy appeared to be beneficial.

PMID- 6388834
TI  - Malignancies induced by chlorambucil.
AB  - There is a high incidence of acute myeloid leukaemia in patients who have been
      treated with chlorambucil. This appears at least in part to be directly due to
      the drug itself and cannot be attributed to the disease processes for which the
      drug is given. Patients with connective tissue diseases may be more sensitive to
      this leukaemogenic effect of chlorambucil than patients with other non-malignant
      conditions.

PMID- 6388835
TI  - Chemotherapy of brain metastases: current status.

PMID- 6388836
TI  - Anticancer drug development--a challenge for industry and government.

PMID- 6388837
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography of the aortic arch.
AB  - We evaluated the utility of intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IV DSA)
      for diagnosing lesions of the aortic arch and great vessels in 25 patients.
      Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was found useful in evaluating congenital
      and acquired lesions of the arch and great vessel origins, and it proved adequate
      for follow-up of patients who had graft replacement. Cases examined included:
      right aortic arch, double arch, aortic coarctation, aberrant vascular origins,
      aortic aneurysm and pseudoaneurysm, changes in atherosclerotic great vessels, and
      revascularization procedures for patients with pulmonary atresia and aortic
      interruption. In our experience, DSA is a useful tool for screening and following
      patients with aortic arch or great vessel lesions; it is often the only
      diagnostic imaging examination necessary.

PMID- 6388839
TI  - Haemodynamic effects of a single large dose of insulin in open heart surgery.
AB  - The haemodynamic effects of a single dose of 0.35, 1.5 or 7.5 IU fast acting
      insulin X kg bw-1 were studied in 24 patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass
      grafting. No inotropic drugs were used. Blood glucose was measured using a
      continuous blood glucose monitoring system, and was kept at the preinsulin level
      by administration of a 40% glucose solution. Injection of 0.35 or 1.5 IU X kg bw
      1 of insulin did not have significant haemodynamic effects. Injection of 7.5 IU X
      kg bw-1 of insulin resulted in significant changes in cardiac index (+20.8%) and
      in total peripheral resistance (-13.9%) within 2 min. After 10 min a reduction of
      16.8% was found in the diastolic pulmonary artery pressure. These haemodynamic
      effects occurred before glucose had been infused. The arterial pressure and the
      heart rate were unaffected. It is concluded that the injection of 7.5 IU X kg bw
      1 of insulin results in an increase in cardiac index in patients who have
      undergone open heart surgery. The effects are not primarily related to
      stimulation of glycolysis.

PMID- 6388838
TI  - Peripheral renal vascular disease in essential hypertension: hemodynamic,
      angiographic, and endocrine assessment.
AB  - Renal hemodynamic (133Xe-washout) and angiographic studies were performed in 46
      patients with essential hypertension to demonstrate a possible correlation
      between graded renal small vessel disease and changes in renal blood flow. In
      addition, influence of the effects of duration of hypertension, diastolic blood
      pressure values and renal vein renin activity on hemodynamic and arteriographic
      findings were evaluated. Our results demonstrate that in patients with
      accelerated or severe renal small vessel disease the mean and cortical renal
      blood flow is significantly reduced (P less than 0.001). Furthermore, renal
      arteriosclerosis becomes evident in patients with long-standing hypertension,
      high diastolic blood pressure values, and elevated renal vein renin levels.
      Correlations between renal blood flow and renal vein renin activity (r = 0.45)
      apparently are governed by severity of the renal arteriosclerosis.

PMID- 6388840
TI  - [Physicians of disgrace].

PMID- 6388841
TI  - [Comparison of the diagnostic efficiency of pharmacoangiography and noninvasive
      study methods in the diagnosis of tumors of the pancreas].

PMID- 6388842
TI  - [History of the mutual relations between Czech and Russian physicians].

PMID- 6388843
TI  - [Medical students in the Slovak National Uprising].

PMID- 6388844
TI  - [Causes of hypophosphatemia after kidney transplantation].

PMID- 6388845
TI  - [Dr. Josef Stybr--an admirer of Persian tetrastichs].

PMID- 6388846
TI  - [Evaluation of the status of cellular and humoral immunity against tetanus].

PMID- 6388847
TI  - Cluster headache: on the significance of the sweating abnormality--an editorial.

PMID- 6388848
TI  - L-5HTP treatment in primary headaches: an attempt at clinical identification of
      responsive patients.
AB  - The therapeutic response to L-5HTP, a serotonin precursor, was studied in an
      attempt to identify clinical subgroups of primary headache patients. The results
      at the 4th month control in 100 patients under L-5HTP treatment at the dose of
      300 mg/day confirm previous observations on the activity profile of the drug, the
      effects of which are equally distributed between recurrent and daily forms as
      well as among clinical subtypes. The emerging profile of the responsive patients
      is characterized by such peculiar traits as prevalence of previous major mood
      disturbances and minor frequency of anxiety, longer duration of the illness and
      higher occurrence of some associated symptoms, lower incidence of exogenous and
      hormonal trigger factors, and previously positive response to pizotifen
      treatment.

PMID- 6388849
TI  - The rpsU-dnaG-rpoD macromolecular synthesis operon of E. coli.

PMID- 6388850
TI  - Use of scaling and root planing in the conservative management of periodontal
      disease.

PMID- 6388851
TI  - Mini-review: hyaluronidases in early embryonic development.
AB  - The foregoing discussion indicates that hyaluronidases probably play an important
      part in the control of development. In morphogenesis, they may be involved in
      epithelial-mesenchymal inductive interactions, in non-malignant invasion when one
      tissue displaces another in normal development, in controlling cell movements, in
      modulating changes of shape of cells and sheets of cells, in controlling the
      permeability of tissues and regulating the ionic environment within the embryo.
      There is also evidence indicating that hyaluronidases are involved in the
      initiation of cytodifferentiation pathways, perhaps via direct or indirect
      effects upon the cell division cycle and histone-DNA interactions. The evidence
      presented indicates that hyaluronidases are important repeatedly at different
      stages of embryonic development and differentiation, where periods of high
      activity follow others of reduced activity in localized regions of the embryo.
      Some new results were also presented, showing the presence of different
      hyaluronidase activities at early stages of chick embryo development. The highest
      levels of hyaluronidase activity were found in the primitive streak and mesoderm.

PMID- 6388852
TI  - Fine structure of Plasmodium berghei exoerythrocytic forms in cultured primary
      rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Sporozoites of the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei have been grown in
      primary cultures of hepatocytes from Brown Norway rats. The ultrastructure of in
      vitro grown exoerythrocytic forms was compared with that of parasites in vivo.
      Peculiar vesicles, previously not described in vivo, were identified and their
      possible origin is discussed. Otherwise, the fine structure of the hepatocytic
      stages grown in vitro was shown to be grossly similar to those in vivo.
      Therefore, electron microscopy of cultured exoerythrocytic parasites will
      contribute to the understanding of the cell biology and drug sensitivity of this
      elusive stage.

PMID- 6388853
TI  - Preparation of Dictyostelium discoideum for electron microscopy.
AB  - Dictyostelium discoideum grew and differentiated normally on cellulose dialysis
      membranes placed on agar plates. This permitted the examination of cells at
      various stages of development, including cells during aggregation. Cells were
      preserved well and fixed for electron microscopy by brief exposure to acrolein
      vapore followed by immersion in glutaraldehyde solution.

PMID- 6388854
TI  - Epidemiology of exercise and coronary heart disease.
AB  - Several studies are reviewed that examine the role of exercise in men at work and
      in men at leisure activity and sports play. All show that adequate exercise
      reduces the risk of coronary heart disease. Many recent investigations have
      undertaken the study of the various mechanisms by which physical activity
      produces these effects.

PMID- 6388855
TI  - Clinical exercise performance.
AB  - The authors discuss key concepts of exercise performance as they relate to the
      practice of clinical medicine. These concepts include types of exercise, muscle
      physiology, maximal oxygen uptake, myocardial oxygen demand and supply, and
      neural regulation of cardiovascular response to exercise.

PMID- 6388856
TI  - Exercise, education, and counseling for patients with coronary artery disease.
AB  - A multifactorial rehabilitation program that incorporates exercise, education,
      and counseling can assist cardiac patients to achieve and maintain an optimal
      state of health. The program can be started in-hospital and continued after
      discharge; it may be supervised or unsupervised and conducted individually or in
      groups. Group programs improve compliance, and inclusion of spouse and family
      increases the chance of success.

PMID- 6388857
TI  - Evaluating the cardiac patient for exercise therapy. Role of exercise testing.
AB  - Several types of exercise tests and their use are reviewed. Suggestions are made
      for modification of tests to enhance their value in the counseling of normal
      individuals and patients with cardiac problems regarding occupational,
      recreational, and training activity. Also discussed are indications and
      contraindications to testing, end points in testing, and evaluation of test
      results.

PMID- 6388858
TI  - The exercise test as a guide to management and prognosis.
AB  - The exercise stress test is one of the most useful procedures available in the
      management of ischemic heart disease. It can provide a good deal of information,
      in addition to ST segment changes, for the clinician to interpret. Analysis of
      test results allows more accurate diagnosis, estimation of the severity of
      disease, and establishment of prognosis.

PMID- 6388859
TI  - Compliance and motivation in cardiac exercise programs.
AB  - Although the intensity of training in an exercise program is important, social
      environment and selection of activities are the factors that enhance patient
      compliance. Motivation of patients may be the single most important factor in a
      cardiac rehabilitation program. Such a program must recognize individual needs,
      set goals, permit opportunities for choice, provide feedback, and have a
      functioning reward system.

PMID- 6388860
TI  - Safety of outpatient cardiac exercise programs. Issues regarding medical
      supervision.
AB  - Medical supervision of cardiac exercise programs should be individualized to each
      patient's needs. In order for this to be done, several factors must be
      considered, including the nature of increased risk during exercise due to
      coronary heart disease, ways to minimize the risk of cardiovascular complications
      during exercise, the types of medical supervision available and their
      contributions to safety, and the other factors that are influenced by medical
      supervision, such as program availability and cost and patient reactivity and
      compliance.

PMID- 6388861
TI  - Distance running and cardiac rehabilitation: physiologic and psychosocial
      considerations.
AB  - Long distance jogging, one of the most effective forms of endurance training, can
      be shown to bring about beneficial morphologic, biochemical, and vascular changes
      in the heart, the net effect being improved hemodynamic performance. Peripheral
      changes also contribute to the development of a more efficient oxygen transport
      system. In individuals with coronary artery disease, symptoms are reduced,
      depression alleviated, the plasma lipid profile favorably altered, and the
      cardiovascular system rendered less susceptible to stress. Whether or not
      exercise per se improves prognosis in coronary artery disease remains unproved,
      but in view of the other benefits, and since, properly prescribed and supervised,
      it has not been shown to be harmful, exercise programs are advocated.

PMID- 6388862
TI  - Contributions of exercise clinical trials to cardiac rehabilitation.
AB  - Even though the case for the use of physical activity has not been fully
      established, it is apparent from the clinical trials conducted so far that there
      are sufficient reasons to recommend it to selected, motivated patients. Further
      well-designed scientific studies of physical activity in patients with coronary
      heart disease are needed to clarify the unanswered questions regarding its use in
      cardiac rehabilitation.

PMID- 6388863
TI  - [Study of the biological effects of quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide].

PMID- 6388864
TI  - [History of the State Institute for Drug Control (1918-1983). II. Development of
      the State Institute for Drug Control (1952-1983)].

PMID- 6388865
TI  - [History of the so-called Bateman function].

PMID- 6388866
TI  - [Dr. O. Tomicek and his analytical school].

PMID- 6388867
TI  - [Sevatest-ELISA hCG Micro. I. Immunoenzymatic kit for the detection and
      quantitative determination of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Confirmation of
      the reliability of the test for the routine detection of pregnancy].

PMID- 6388868
TI  - [A new look at obstetrical infections].

PMID- 6388869
TI  - [The immune system and tissue proliferation, fetal tolerance and tumor growth].

PMID- 6388870
TI  - [30 years of the Physiology Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Science].

PMID- 6388871
TI  - [Views on the mechanisms of development of coronary spasm].

PMID- 6388872
TI  - [Development of pediatric otolaryngology in Slovakia].

PMID- 6388873
TI  - [10 years' activity of the Phoniatrics Department of the Otolaryngology Clinic of
      the Medical School Hospital in Bratislava].

PMID- 6388874
TI  - [30 years of speech therapy in the health care system of Central Slovakia].

PMID- 6388875
TI  - [70th birthday of Dr. Jaromir Hrbek].

PMID- 6388876
TI  - [Energy metabolism of the brain].

PMID- 6388877
TI  - [2 instructions for employees of the first institution for the mentally ill in
      Prague].

PMID- 6388878
TI  - [A 2-dimensional model for the differential diagnosis of 6 nosographic
      categories].

PMID- 6388880
TI  - [Interpretation of the results of immunologic tests].

PMID- 6388879
TI  - [Changes in the metabolism of obese children].

PMID- 6388882
TI  - [100 years of school medicine in Prague].

PMID- 6388883
TI  - [Dr. Jiri Volejnik, 60 years of age].

PMID- 6388881
TI  - [The birthday of Dr. Zdenka Tresohlava].

PMID- 6388884
TI  - [Utilization of insulin preparations from the viewpoint of substitution
      relations].

PMID- 6388885
TI  - Induction of "petite" mutants of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, by photodynamic
      action of acriflavine.

PMID- 6388886
TI  - A stereoselective total synthesis of a stable prostacyclin analog, dl-9(O)
      methano-delta 6(9 alpha)-prostaglandin I1.

PMID- 6388888
TI  - [Computer science and bibliography].

PMID- 6388887
TI  - [Nursing research in South Africa in a historical perspective].

PMID- 6388889
TI  - [Teaching and computers].

PMID- 6388890
TI  - [Computer assistance in diagnosis and therapeutic decision-making].

PMID- 6388891
TI  - [Computer science and diagnostic tests].

PMID- 6388892
TI  - [Computer-assisted visual fields testing].

PMID- 6388893
TI  - [Visual evoked potentials].

PMID- 6388894
TI  - [Anti-retinal autoimmunity in idiopathic retinal detachment].

PMID- 6388895
TI  - [Recurrent dysimmune lymphomatosis with double palpebral and pulmonary
      localization. Value of immunohistological study].

PMID- 6388896
TI  - Tight junctions. Their structure, composition, and function.

PMID- 6388897
TI  - Normalization of plasma lipoprotein concentrations in patients with type II
      hyperlipoproteinemia by combined use of neomycin and niacin.
AB  - The oral administration of neomycin or niacin as single-drug therapy can
      significantly lower total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations
      in patients with type II hyperlipoproteinemia. However, in the majority of
      patients treated with one of these drugs as sole therapy plasma lipid and
      lipoprotein concentrations do not normalize. The effect of combined neomycin (2
      g/day) and niacin (3 g/day) treatment on the plasma lipoprotein concentrations
      was determined in 25 type II hyperlipoproteinemic patients in a double-blind,
      randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial. Treatment with neomycin
      was well tolerated by all 25 study patients and significantly reduced total and
      low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations by 23% and 29%, respectively
      (p less than .05). In contrast to the well-tolerated neomycin regimen, 11
      patients (44%) were unable to continue niacin treatment because of adverse side
      effects. In the 14 patients treated with both neomycin and niacin, niacin further
      lowered the concentrations of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by
      18% and 25%, respectively, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by
      32% (p less than .05) compared with that in the patients receiving neomycin plus
      niacin placebo. Compared with diet-only therapy, combined treatment with neomycin
      plus niacin reduced the total plasma cholesterol concentration by 36%, low
      density lipoprotein cholesterol by 45%, and the low-density lipoprotein/high
      density lipoprotein ratio by 46% and it increased plasma high-density lipoprotein
      concentrations by 24% (p less than .001). During the study, 80% of all the study
      patients and 92% of the patients who complied with the combined regimen
      normalized their total and low-density lipoprotein concentrations.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6388898
TI  - Coronary thrombolysis with recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator: a
      prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
AB  - Forty-five patients with acute transmural myocardial infarction and
      angiographically confirmed complete coronary occlusion were prospectively
      randomized, two for one, to treatment of acute coronary thrombosis with
      intravenous recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) or
      placebo. Each of five additional consecutive patients was treated with a high
      dose of rt-PA for 2 hr. Twenty-five of 33 patients (75%) receiving 0.5 to 0.75
      mg/kg of rt-PA over 30 to 120 min had angiographically proven recanalization
      within 90 min of initiation of therapy. Only one of 14 patients given placebo had
      spontaneous recanalization within 45 min (p less than .001). Thirteen placebo
      treated patients were crossed over to the intracoronary rt-PA group. Nine (69%)
      exhibited subsequent recanalization within 45 min. Levels of circulating
      fibrinogen decreased after treatment with rt-PA by an average of only 8% of
      baseline values. None of the patients manifested a depletion of fibrinogen level
      to below 100 mg/dl. Six patients who were completely unresponsive to rt-PA were
      subsequently treated with intracoronary streptokinase and none responded. Thus,
      either intravenous or intracoronary rt-PA induced coronary thrombolysis without
      eliciting clinically significant fibrinogenolysis in patients with evolving
      myocardial infarction due to thrombotic coronary occlusion.

PMID- 6388899
TI  - Hemodynamic and clinical limitations of long-term inotropic therapy with amrinone
      in patients with severe chronic heart failure.
AB  - To determine the hemodynamic and clinical effects of long-term positive inotropic
      stimulation on the myocardium, we treated 31 patients with severe chronic heart
      failure with oral amrinone (600 mg daily) and performed invasive hemodynamic
      studies during short- and long-term treatment with the drug. Stroke volume and
      stroke work indexes increased markedly during the first 48 hr of therapy (p less
      than .01) but returned to pretreatment values after 2 to 10 weeks; upon drug
      withdrawal, both variables deteriorated rapidly to values significantly lower
      than those observed before treatment with amrinone (p less than .01), despite
      similar values for left ventricular filling pressure, mean arterial pressure, and
      systemic vascular resistance. This pattern of response indicated that progression
      of the underlying heart disease had occurred during treatment with amrinone and
      contributed importantly to its failure to produce long-term benefits. Progression
      of left ventricular dysfunction was associated with a progressive increase in
      heart rate and plasma renin activity and a decline in serum sodium concentration.
      Clinically, amrinone therapy was complicated by sustained symptomatic ventricular
      tachycardia in four patients, worsening myocardial ischemia in four patients, and
      worsening congestive heart failure in eight patients, all of whom had been stable
      before entry into the study; only three of the 31 patients improved clinically.
      Ten patients died during the first 2 weeks of treatment, and 16 (52%) were dead
      within 3 months, a mortality rate twice as great as that seen during comparable
      trials with vasodilating drugs. Although noncardiac adverse effects were
      frequent, they were not the primary reason for drug failure. In conclusion, long
      term therapy with amrinone may accelerate progression of left ventricular
      dysfunction, exacerbate myocardial ischemia, and provoke life-threatening
      ventricular tachyarrhythmias, thereby shortening survival in patients with severe
      chronic heart failure. Prolonged administration of inotropic drugs may achieve
      short-term gains at the expense of long-term detrimental effects on the
      myocardium.

PMID- 6388900
TI  - Prevention of rheumatic fever. A statement for health professionals by the
      Committee on Rheumatic Fever and Infective Endocarditis of the Council on
      Cardiovascular Disease in the Young.

PMID- 6388901
TI  - The effect of antihypertensive drug treatment on mortality in the presence of
      resting electrocardiographic abnormalities at baseline: the HDFP experience. The
      Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Research Group.
AB  - The Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program (HDFP) reported a significant
      reduction in 5 year mortality from all causes in its intensively treated stepped
      care group compared with its referred care group (p less than .01). In stratum I
      (mean baseline diastolic blood pressure 90 to 104 mm Hg) mortality in the stepped
      care group was 20.3% lower than that in the referred care group (p less than
      .01). For persons in this stratum not on antihypertensive drugs at baseline and
      free of major target organ damage, mortality in the stepped care group was 28.6%
      lower than that in the referred care group (p less than .01). Publication of the
      results of Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trail (MRFIT), indicating possibly
      increased mortality in special intervention hypertensive participants with
      resting electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities, prompted further analyses of
      the HDFP data to determine whether stepped care drug treatment in stratum I
      patients with resting ECG abnormalities was associated with a similar outcome. Of
      the 7825 HDFP participants in stratum I, 5173 met MRFIT eligibility criteria and
      qualified as a subgroup comparable to the MRFIT "mild" hypertensives, 1963 with
      and 3210 without evidence of resting ECG abnormalities at baseline. In the
      subgroup without resting ECG abnormalities, mortality rates for coronary heart
      disease, major cardiovascular diseases, and for all causes were consistently
      lower in the stepped care group than in the referred care group. This finding was
      consistent with the MRFIT results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6388902
TI  - Advances in the diagnosis and management of cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Cystic fibrosis (CF), the most common lethal genetic disease affecting
      Caucasians, is a multi-system illness, most frequently characterized by childhood
      chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, and
      abnormal sweat electrolyte concentrations. The diagnosis of CF is based on a
      combination of the above clinical findings and/or a positive family history of
      the illness in conjunction with an abnormal sweat test. The quantitative
      pilocarpine iontophoresis test is the sole acceptable method for diagnostic
      confirmation of the clinical suspicion of CF. A recent advance in the diagnosis
      of CF has been in the development of methods for neonatal detection. The
      immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) detection test is practical, adaptable to large
      scale screening of dried neonatal blood spots, relatively inexpensive, and
      promising for the detection of newborns with CF who have pancreatic
      insufficiency. However, the reliability and validity of this method have not yet
      been adequately established. Major advances in the treatment of patients with CF
      have emerged in the last decades, particularly in supportive pulmonary and
      nutritional care.

PMID- 6388903
TI  - Applying descriptive discriminant analysis as a visual aid for physicians
      interpreting biochemical test results.
AB  - Descriptive discriminant analysis displays for classes of common hepatic and
      biliary disorders and other mimicking conditions using 11 biochemical
      measurements, were demonstrated to physicians as an aid to interpretation.
      Displayed on a video, biochemical distinctions among disorders were made apparent
      to viewers. Physician users could easily see where their patient's results fell
      in relation to other results from patients with relevant diseases. Users had
      difficulty specifying which diseases they wanted included in displays. This
      technique would be useful for verifying experts' test result interpretations,
      when the differential diagnosis can be explicitly stated.

PMID- 6388904
TI  - Leukocyte membrane proteins in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, as studied by two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis.
AB  - We evaluated protein expression in leukocytes from 20 patients with chronic
      lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), including one with the rare T-cell form of the
      disease. To identify proteins that potentially could be used to characterize
      leukemia or as candidates for new markers of differentiation, we studied cell and
      membrane extracts from these leukemic cells. We used immune precipitation and
      extraction of integral membrane proteins with Triton X-114 to identify known
      proteins on the surface of these cells. Extraction with Triton X-114 in the
      presence of protease inhibitors yielded reproducible membrane extracts, which we
      examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Of the approximately 2000
      proteins or protein subunits so resolved from cell lysates and the 450 from
      membrane extracts of leukocytes from patients with T- and B-cell CLL, we were
      able to identify spots corresponding to the proteins designated by the OKT.4 and
      OKT.10 antibodies, the human class I and II histocompatibility antigens, beta 2
      microglobulin, and surface IgM. We also defined sets of proteins that are
      characteristically expressed on the membranes of leukemic T or B cells, some of
      which correspond to previously defined markers of normal leukocyte
      subpopulations.

PMID- 6388905
TI  - A double blind controlled trial to study the effects of vaginal prostaglandin
      pessaries on induction of labour and improvement in the favourability of the
      cervix.
AB  - In a double blind trial of prostaglandin pessaries to induce labour,
      prostaglandins were successful in 47.5% of primiparous and 70.6% of multiparous
      patients. Of the 66% who did not go into labour this was successfully induced by
      artificial rupture of the membranes and oxytocin infusion in all but two cases
      irrespective of whether or not they received the active compound. This trial
      suggests that prostaglandin pessaries are a useful and very acceptable way of
      inducing labour and that although they make the cervix more "favourable" they do
      not significantly alter the outcome of labour. In the light of their high cost it
      is time that this method of induction and its timing was re-evaluated.

PMID- 6388906
TI  - Pregnancy in renal transplantation. Clinical aspects.
AB  - Following renal transplantation, it is often possible to achieve parenthood. If a
      female recipient becomes pregnant she must be considered at high risk and so
      monitored. The better the renal function before pregnancy, the more satisfactory
      the obstetric outcome. Pregnancy in transplanted mothers presents many complex
      medical problems and is related to definite risks to both mother (toxemia,
      serious infections) and fetus (intrauterine growth retardation, premature labor).
      If a renal function is compromised prior to conception and there is a further
      deterioration during pregnancy, termination of pregnancy or premature delivery
      should be considered to avoid permanent impairment of renal function. Pregnancy
      is regarded as an immunologically privileged state and that is the reason why the
      incidence of rejection in pregnant patients is unusual. Rejection occasionally
      occurs in puerperium. Immunosuppressive drugs must be continued during pregnancy
      to maintain the integrity of the transplanted kidney. There are no predominant or
      frequent developmental abnormalities in children of renal transplanted recipients
      treated with modest doses of immunosuppressive and steroid drugs. Usually the
      transplanted kidney does not produce any mechanical dystocia in labor and during
      vaginal delivery there is no apparent mechanical injury to the kidney. Cesarean
      section is usually necessary for purely obstetric reasons. The possibility of
      conception in kidney transplants recipients of childbearing age and the fact that
      pregnancy is not without significant maternal and fetal risks emphasizes the need
      for counseling, with regard to family planning, all such patients.

PMID- 6388907
TI  - Use of B.C.G. as loco-regional aspecific immunostimulator in cervical carcinoma.
AB  - This study concerns the possible use of BCG in oncologic gynecology for loco
      regional stimulation or loco aspecific active immunotherapy. The Authors
      administered BCG into the portio of 45 women affected by cervical cancer (stage I
      and stage II) immediately after the cytohistologic diagnosis and 21 days before
      the surgical intervention. The Authors conclude that the submucosal inoculation
      of BCG into the portio causes hyperplastic reactions in this area and in the
      locoregional lymphatic system with stimulation of the T-lymphocytes and with
      production of Interferon. Anyway this stimulation has a limited duration.

PMID- 6388908
TI  - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography to assess pulmonary artery anatomy in
      patients with the Alagille syndrome.

PMID- 6388909
TI  - The "periodical head-achs" of Thomas Jefferson.

PMID- 6388910
TI  - The levels and subcellular distribution of hormones and marker enzymes in
      pituitaries from control subjects and patients with prolactinomas, acromegaly or
      functionless pituitary tumours.
AB  - Pituitary homogenates were prepared from patients undergoing pituitary ablation
      for breast or prostatic carcinoma (controls) and from patients with either PRL-
      and GH-secreting pituitary adenomas or from patients with 'functionless'
      pituitary tumours. The principal subcellular organelles, plasma membrane,
      lysosomes, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol and hormone-containing
      granules were characterized by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Tissue
      from patients with prolactinomas showed hormone granules, lysosomes and
      endoplasmic reticulum of lighter density than controls; cytosol, mitochondria and
      plasma membrane were similar. PRL-secreting tumours showed a 2-fold increase in
      PRL content with significant reduction of LH, FSH and GH. Activities of various
      lysosomal enzymes, except for PRL proteolytic activity, were significantly
      reduced. Similar conclusions were found for GH-secreting pituitary adenomas with
      a striking reduction in PRL proteolytic activity. Functionless tumours showed
      significant amounts, though reduced compared to control tissue, of all hormones.
      In contrast to the hormone-secreting adenomas, the activity of the lysosomal
      enzyme N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase was significantly increased compared to
      control tissue.

PMID- 6388911
TI  - Interrelationships between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and
      sympathetic and dopaminergic activities in elderly subjects.
AB  - The interrelationships between the renin-aldosterone system and the sympathetic
      and dopaminergic activities were studied by measuring the plasma renin activity
      (PRA), plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), serum prolactin (PRL)
      concentration, and 24 hr-urinary excretions of adrenaline (Ad), noradrenaline
      (NA) and dopamine (DA) in elderly normotensive subjects aged 60 to 90 yrs. The
      PAC showed a significant correlation with NA in the urine (gamma = 0.694, n = 24,
      p less than 0.001). The PRA also tended to correlate with NA in the urine,
      although the degree was weak and not significant. The serum PRL concentration
      showed a significant correlation with DA in the urine (gamma = 0.447, n = 24, p
      less than 0.05). No significant correlation was observed between DA and PRA or
      PAC, and between the serum PRL concentration and PRA or PAC. From these results,
      it is shown that the renin-aldosterone system has a relation to urinary NA
      excretion, and the existence of an interrelationship between the central
      dopaminergic activity and urinary DA excretion is suggested.

PMID- 6388912
TI  - Hormone and blood pressure relationships in primary aldosteronism.
AB  - We used continuous intra-arterial pressure monitoring and hourly venous hormone
      sampling over 24 hours in 5 patients with primary aldosteronism to study blood
      pressure and hormone regulation. Three patients were restudied under identical
      conditions of controlled diet electrolyte intake and body posture 3-7 months
      after removal of the aldosterone-secreting adrenal tumor. Prior to surgery there
      was no positive relationship of arterial pressure to renin or to aldosterone.
      Norepinephrine fluctuations showed positive correlations with arterial pressure
      but these 2 indices were more closely related after surgery. Plasma aldosterone
      levels paralleled those of cortisol both before and after cure of primary
      aldosteronism. Aldosterone/cortisol regression lines were steeper before surgery,
      and norepinephrine/renin regression lines were steepened in the post-operation
      studies. Our findings indicate that in established primary aldosteronism,
      fluctuations in arterial pressure are regulated in part by the sympathetic
      nervous system: the pattern of aldosterone secretion is controlled mainly by
      ACTH: aldosterone responsiveness to endogenous ACTH is enhanced: and sympathetic
      modulation of renin release in inhibited.

PMID- 6388913
TI  - Synchronous changes in active and inactive renin secretion after furosemide in
      patients with primary aldosteronism.
AB  - Changes in plasma active and inactive renin concentrations (ARC and IRC) were
      measured in 10 patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) due to adrenal adenomas.
      Before the resection of adrenal adenomas, venous blood samples were taken at
      supine resting state, after 1-hour standing and 30 min. after furosemide
      injection and these samplings were repeated after surgical treatment. Plasma
      inactive renin was measured after activation with trypsin. Before the treatment
      ARC and IRC did not change by standing or furosemide. After the treatment,
      however, ARC was increased clearly by standing or furosemide, and IRC was also
      increased by furosemide injection. Both ARC and IRC at supine resting state were
      increased after the surgery. When the renin-angiotensin system is suppressed
      chronically by the over-produced aldosterone in patients with PA, not only active
      but also inactive renin secretions are suppressed, and fail to respond to
      orthostasis or furosemide. The secretion of IR could be stimulated after the
      removal of aldosteronoma.

PMID- 6388914
TI  - Depressor activity of intracerebroventricularly administered pepstatin in young
      spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - The effect of prolonged intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of N-acetyl
      pepstatin in young and adult spontaneously hypertensive rats was studied. In
      young animals, pepstatin infusion resulted in a decrease in blood pressure and
      heart rate. Water intake and body weight were not affected. The depressor effect
      was accompanied by a slight increase in plasma renin activity and decreases in
      plasma vasopressin and plasma catecholamines. The blood pressure of adult rats
      with already established hypertension was not significantly affected. In
      addition, changes in plasma renin or catecholamines were not observed in these
      animals while vasopressin levels were slightly increased. The involvement of a
      possibly decreased sympathetic activity in the depressor effect of pepstatin is
      suggested. It is concluded that increased brain renin activity contributes to the
      development of hypertension of spontaneously hypertensive rats.

PMID- 6388915
TI  - Porous prostheses: an electron microscopic study.
AB  - Proplast and Plastipore prostheses, removed at revision surgery, have been
      examined under the electron microscope. Foreign material in the multinucleated
      foreign body giant cells, previously reported under the light microscope, has
      been confirmed. The appearances were consistent with the conclusion that the
      giant cells were breaking down the prostheses by two different modes of action. X
      ray elemental analysis is of limited value in this investigation because of the
      low atomic number of the elements involved. However, such analysis of this
      foreign material was consistent with the conclusion that it arose from the
      prosthesis.

PMID- 6388916
TI  - A single blind clinical comparison between 2 preparations of budesonide in the
      treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.
AB  - A comparative study was carried out in 118 patients suffering from seasonal
      allergic rhinitis in order to evaluate possible differences between two different
      preparations of budesonide with regard to effect and adverse reactions. The
      glucocorticoid was supplied either as a freon propellant device (Rhinocort) or as
      a water solution in a mechanical pump spray. The freon aerosol was administered
      in a daily dosage of 400 micrograms. The water solution was administered in daily
      dosages of 400 micrograms or 200 micrograms. The patients scored their nasal and
      ocular symptoms daily for 1 month, and pollen counts were registered over the
      same period. The drugs employed in the study provided good control of the nasal
      symptoms. The daily dosage of 400 micrograms in both preparations proved more
      efficacious than the daily 200 micrograms dose in the nasal pump spray. No
      difference was found between the delivery systems when the same daily dosage was
      used. The number of adverse reactions was low and insignificant in all 3
      treatment groups.

PMID- 6388917
TI  - Fetal mortality in sibships of cases with neural tube defects.
AB  - It has been suggested that rates of fetal mortality in sibships of probands with
      a malformation inherited as a multifactorial threshold trait may reflect their
      liability to the malformation. If so, spontaneous abortion rates should be more
      frequent in sibships thought to have greater liability. For anencephaly and spina
      bifida (ASB), then, spontaneous abortion should be higher in the sibships of male
      probands and in families with more than one affected case (multiplex families).
      This hypothesis was tested using data on cases from The Montreal Children's
      Hospital and from the literature. Approximately 5000 pregnancies were analyzed.
      Rates of abortion did not vary with the sex or diagnosis of the proband. The
      spontaneous abortion rate was slightly higher in multiplex than in simplex
      families, but the difference was not statistically significant and most likely
      reflects the differing reproductive patterns in the two types of families. Thus,
      if male probands and multiplex sibships do have, on average, more liability for
      ASB, this liability cannot be detected in spontaneous abortion rates in the
      sibships available for this analysis.

PMID- 6388918
TI  - ACTH versus prednisone and placebo in herpes zoster treatment.

PMID- 6388919
TI  - Prolonged pruritus and bullous pemphigoid.

PMID- 6388920
TI  - Disfiguring lupus pernio successfully treated with plastic surgery.

PMID- 6388921
TI  - Does insulin administration contribute to immune complex formation in diabetes?
AB  - The effect of insulin administration on immune complex (IC) formation in diabetic
      patients was analysed in vivo and in vitro. Firstly, serial studies of IC status
      were performed over a mean period of 18 months in 44 diabetic patients, 37 of
      whom were receiving standard insulin therapy. Thirty patients changed to
      monocomponent (MC) insulin while seven commenced MC insulin after tablet failure.
      The other seven patients remained on standard insulin throughout the study.
      Secondly, nine patients had serial measurements of IC over a 6-8 h period
      following a routine morning dose of MC insulin; eight control subjects were
      similarly studied. The insulin content of IC in insulin treated patients was
      assessed in vitro by examining, (a) the selective precipitation of antibody bound
      insulin by 3% polyethylene glycol (PEG) and (b) the insulin specificity of
      antisera raised against PEG precipitates of IC positive sera. The longitudinal
      study of circulating IC showed no significant changes apart from an isolated fall
      in IgA containing IC at 6 months after changing therapy (P less than 0.05). No
      short term change in IC was observed after MC insulin administration. The
      precipitability of antibody bound insulin in insulin treated patients was not
      significantly different to that seen in non-insulin treated patients or normal
      sera. Antisera to PEG precipitates of diabetic sera showed no significant
      specificity for insulin, although they showed marked reactivity with other plasma
      components (such as immunoglobulins and complement components). It is concluded
      that administered insulin plays little or no role in IC formation in insulin
      treated diabetic patients.

PMID- 6388922
TI  - Demonstration of gastrin cell autoantibodies in antral gastritis with avidin
      biotin complex antibody technique.
AB  - In the present study we used the highly sensitive avidin-biotin complex technique
      (ABC) for detection of gastrin cell (G cell) autoantibodies. Serum samples were
      studied from 56 patients with histologically proven antral gastritis, 20 adult
      subjects with histologically proven normal antral and fundal mucosa and from 25
      healthy children. The presence of G cell autoantibodies was assessed by both
      immunofluorescence (IFL) and the ABC-peroxidase method, using sections from
      paraformaldehyde-lysine-periodate fixed and paraffin embedded human antral mucosa
      as antigen. Other organ specific and non-organ specific autoantibodies were
      demonstrated with IFL. Using the ABC method, G cell autoantibodies were found at
      a dilution of 1:100 in nine of 56 sera with antral gastritis. One of the control
      sera was positive. The ABC method was considered superior to IFL in demonstrating
      G cell antibodies, since positively stained G cells could be easily distinguished
      from the histiocytic cells in lamina propria which sometimes give false positive
      staining. Furthermore, higher antibody titres results in the ABC method. Thus it
      is suggested that by analogy to fundal gastritis, some cases of antral gastritis
      may have autoimmune aetiology.

PMID- 6388923
TI  - Anti-IgE autoantibody in patients with bronchial asthma.
AB  - The anti-IgE autoantibody in the IgG class was detected in 95.5% of patients with
      atopic asthma, and in 72.2% of those with non-atopic asthma, using a newly
      established solid phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The specificity of anti-IgE
      autoantibody was confirmed by both competitive inhibition and absorption
      experiments, using human IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE and rabbit anti-human IgG.
      Significant correlations were observed between the levels of the anti-IgE
      autoantibody and the serum IgE. Gel filtration studies indicated that the anti
      IgE autoantibody in sera from asthmatic patients was present in the immune
      complex form with self-IgE, in addition to the monomeric antibody. Furthermore,
      this anti-IgE autoantibody has the ability to induce the reversed type immediate
      skin reaction, in asthma free individuals. These observations strongly suggest
      the putative role of the anti-IgE autoantibody in the modulation of IgE-mediated
      immune systems and the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma.

PMID- 6388925
TI  - Cell populations and membrane attack complex in glomeruli of patients with post
      streptococcal glomerulonephritis: identification using monoclonal antibodies by
      indirect immunofluorescence.
AB  - Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) had been thought to arise from renal
      deposition of immune complexes and as such is analogous to acute serum sickness.
      Recent studies of acute serum sickness in animals and PSGN in humans, however,
      have suggested a pathogenetic role for cellular immunity. To enlarge on these
      observations, cellular components of glomeruli were characterized by indirect
      immunofluorescence in 11 tissues from individuals with PSGN using monoclonal
      antibodies. These studies demonstrate infiltration of glomeruli by monocytes,
      granulocytes, and lymphoid cells. Focal accumulations of T lymphocytes were also
      observed adjacent to Bowman's capsule. Analysis of glomerular T-cell
      subpopulations revealed a predominance of cells reactive with OKT4 early and with
      OKT8 later in the course of disease. Proliferation of parietal and visceral
      epithelial cells was associated with increased binding of BA-1 and J5,
      respectively. The presence of the membrane attack complex of complement was
      demonstrated by glomerular reactivity with a monoclonal antibody (poly-C9 MA)
      which recognizes a neoantigen present in poly-C9. Fluorescence was present along
      the glomerular basement membrane early and within the mesangium late in the
      course of disease, a distribution similar to that observed for C3 and C5. These
      observations suggest that immune cells as well as terminal components of
      complement either provoke or mark tissue injury in PSGN.

PMID- 6388924
TI  - Non-immune IgG binding to the surface of spermatozoa by disulphide rearrangement.
AB  - The mechanism whereby immunoglobulin binds to the surface of spermatozoa was
      investigated. IgG reacts with spermatozoa non-specifically via the Fc portion of
      the molecule, while both IgM and IgA are completely unreactive. This selective
      binding of IgG is non-competitive, resistant to heat, proteases and non-ionic
      detergents and is not mediated by an Fc receptor on the sperm surface. Instead,
      evidence is presented that IgG covalently binds to spermatozoa by an exchange
      reaction between labile disulphides on both the sperm surface and IgG-Fc. It is
      calculated that there are 3 X 10(11) exchangeable disulphide bonds per bull
      spermatozoon.

PMID- 6388926
TI  - Immunopathogenesis of Heymann's nephritis.
AB  - Renal localization of the C5b-9 membrane attack complex (MAC) in relation to
      other complement components and immunoglobulins was studied at different stages
      of Heymann's nephritis and following reimmunization of Lew rats with stage IV
      disease. Trace amounts of the MAC were found during stages I and IV of disease,
      whereas during stages II to III, a period of active glomerular and tubular
      injury, moderate deposits of MAC were observed in glomeruli, periluminal
      cytoplasm of proximal tubular epithelial cells, and desquamated intraluminal
      brush border material. Following reimmunization of stage IV animals, a striking
      increase in the amount of MAC was observed. Moderate to marked deposition of IgG
      and C3 was also found during stages II and III at sites containing the MAC.
      Although a slight decrease in detectable IgG was noted during stage IV, a bright,
      confluent ribbon-like staining pattern was present in reimmunized animals. These
      data suggest that the MAC is a mediator for acute in situ immune-complex-induced
      glomerular and tubular cytoplasmic injury, although subsequent proteinuria may
      persist without continued complement pathway activation and assembly of the MAC.

PMID- 6388927
TI  - Immunodeficient CBA/N mice respond effectively to Candida albicans.
AB  - An immune defect in CBA/N mice diminishes their ability to respond adequately to
      certain well-defined antigens. Since the contribution of T and B cells to
      immunity in candidiasis has not been clearly defined, it was hoped that CBA/N
      mice might prove a useful model for the study of specific responses to Candida
      albicans. Therefore, immunodeficient CBA/N and immunocompetent CBA/J mice were
      immunized by two cutaneous inoculations of viable C. albicans B311 given 2 weeks
      apart and challenged iv 14 days after the second inoculation. Delayed-type
      hypersensitivity (DTH) was tested with a membrane-derived antigen (B-HEX) 7 days
      following the second inoculation, and lymphocyte stimulation with B-HEX, a
      cytoplasmic antigen (SCS), and mitogens was done at 12 days. Antibody to SCS was
      determined by ELISA 2 days after DTH testing and 28 days after iv challenge, at
      which time the animals were sacrificed for quantitative culture of kidneys and
      brains. Naive CBA/N mice were no more susceptible to challenge than CBA/J mice in
      that the mean log colony-forming units (CFU) were 3.79 and 5.48, respectively.
      Both strains responded to immunization by a similar reduction in CFU, a marked
      DTH response (e.g., reactions at 24 hr were 1.12 mm for CBA/N and 1.34 mm for
      CBA/J), and significant and similar quantities of antibody. The immune defect in
      CBA/N mice had no demonstrable effect on the development of immune responses to
      infection with C. albicans.

PMID- 6388928
TI  - Passive transfer of collagen arthritis: studies with affinity-purified
      anticollagen IgG prepared in rabbits.
AB  - Affinity-purified rabbit anticollagen IgG failed to transfer arthritis to rats
      when it was injected intravenously. Immunofluorescence examination of the joints
      of the hind paws of recipient rats showed the deposition of rabbit IgG on the
      articular surfaces; however, C4 or C3 deposition was not detected. In recipient
      rats injected intravenously with equivalent amounts of rat anticollagen IgG,
      arthritis occurred within 48 hr; IgG, C4, and C3 could be detected on the
      articular surface. Rats given Type II collagen intravenously accumulated
      inflammatory cells in the pleural cavity in response to a subsequent challenge
      with intrapleural rat anticollagen IgG; with rabbit anticollagen IgG
      significantly fewer cells accumulated. Rabbit anticollagen IgG did not promote
      the lysis of Type II collagen coated sheep red blood cells that were incubated
      with rat serum. In parallel control experiments, lysis of cells occurred when rat
      serum was added to either sheep cells coated with Type II collagen and incubated
      with rat anticollagen IgG or sheep cells coated with bovine serum albumin and
      incubated with rabbit anti-bovine serum albumin. These observations suggest that
      the failure of rabbit anticollagen IgG to transfer arthritis to rats is, at least
      in part, due to its inability to activate rat complement.

PMID- 6388930
TI  - Toxic effects of therapeutic agents: undesirable, teratogenic, mutagenic and
      carcinogenic effects.

PMID- 6388929
TI  - Production of monoclonal anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies during
      autoimmune glomerulonephritis.
AB  - Monoclonal anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies were obtained by
      fusing spleen cells from Brown-Norway (BN) rats injected with mercuric chloride
      with IR 983 F, a nonsecreting rat myeloma cell line. These antibodies showed the
      same pattern of fixation on renal basement membranes by indirect
      immunofluorescence. One of them was developed. It reacted both in vivo and in
      vitro with GBM but failed to react with collagenase-digested GBM, laminin, and
      collagen IV. This monoclonal antibody which resembles the kidney acid eluate
      obtained from BN rats injected with mercuric chloride induced a weak and
      transient proteinuria when intravenously injected into normal BN rats.

PMID- 6388931
TI  - Immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy of Gram-negative infections in the
      immunocompromised host.
AB  - Gram-negative infections remain a prominent cause of serious morbidity and
      mortality in hospitalized patients despite skilful antibiotic therapy and
      supportive care. A recently developed immunological approach to this problem is
      based on antiserum to an E. coli mutant (J5) which elicits antibody cross
      reactive with a wide range of Gram-negative pathogens. The antitoxic and
      protective powers of E. coli J5 antiserum have been demonstrated in animal
      models. In carefully conducted clinical trials, J5 antiserum or J5 plasma of
      human origin has been established as a potent adjunctive therapy for the severe
      consequences of Gram-negative bacteraemia and in the prophylaxis of such
      infections in surgical patients. The question remains open whether such antiserum
      may have a similar prophylactic power in severely neutropenic patients. Clinical
      trials currently underway or soon to be started should help to clarify the
      practical prophylactic power of J5 hyperimmune globulin against shock and death
      in high-risk patients.

PMID- 6388933
TI  - Rational basis for the choice of regimens for empirical therapy of sepsis in
      granulocytopenic patients.
AB  - The three therapeutic trials of the EORTC International Antimicrobial Therapy
      Project Group are reviewed, demonstrating the efficacy of synergistic
      combinations of aminoglycosides with beta-lactam compounds in the initial
      empirical therapy of febrile episodes in granulocytopenic patients. Large numbers
      of patients are required in order to have sufficient evaluable cases in small but
      important subgroups to draw any valid and statistically significant conclusions.
      At present this can be achieved only by co-operative groups engaging in
      multicentre trials.

PMID- 6388932
TI  - Prophylaxis and treatment of infection of the immunocompromised host by
      granulocyte transfusions.
AB  - Granulocyte transfusions are expensive and involve healthy donors in a procedure
      which is time-consuming, uncomfortable and not without risk. It is therefore
      important to consider carefully the circumstances which justify their use. The
      indiscriminate transfusion of inadequate quantities of granulocytes from random
      donors into sensitized recipients should be discouraged. Severely neutropenic
      patients with bacterial infection persisting in the face of maximum antibiotic
      therapy are clearly appropriate recipients of granulocyte transfusion therapy.
      Well-designed programmes of prophylactic granulocyte transfusion can reduce the
      acquisition of bacterial infection in granulocytopenic patients. However, there
      are very few clinical situations in which their use is justified. A wider use of
      granulocytes must await better techniques of granulocyte procurement and donor
      selection.

PMID- 6388934
TI  - New antibacterial agents: the role of new penicillins and cephalosporins in the
      management of infection in granulocytopenic patients.
AB  - The result of the introduction of the new acyl-penicillins and the new
      cephalosporins has not, so far, been a major breakthrough in the empirical
      therapy of febrile episodes and infections in granulocytopenic patients. It
      remains to be seen whether other cephalosporins such as cefoperazone and
      ceftazidime will perform better in the future. Ceftazidime alone or in
      combination with aminoglycosides shows very promising early results. My present
      recommendation for empirical therapy in febrile neutropenic patients is to use a
      combination of a penicillin or a cephalosporin active against P. aeruginosa with
      an aminoglycoside. Special attention should be paid to the emergence of
      penicillin- and/or cephalosporin-resistant strains. Empirical therapy should be
      with antibiotics to which resistance is as rare as possible. In this respect, the
      newer compounds may play a role in the future. It should also be emphasized that
      clinical information about new drugs is at present based on the study of
      relatively small groups of patients. Larger studies performed in more homogeneous
      groups are needed better to define the role of new agents.

PMID- 6388935
TI  - Fungal infections in the immunocompromised host.
AB  - Invasive fungal infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in patients
      with impaired immune defences. Defects in neutrophil function and neutropenia
      predispose to disseminated Candida, Aspergillus and Mucoraceae infections while
      altered T-lymphocyte mononuclear phagocyte function predisposes to infection with
      C. neoformans, Histoplasma and Coccidioides. Fungal infections in the
      immunocompromised host are difficult to diagnose and difficult to treat
      successfully. The diagnosis is often missed or delayed because of the non
      specific clinical features, the failure to isolate or difficulty in interpreting
      the presence of the fungus from routine microbiological cultures, and the limited
      usefulness of available serological tests. The assay for cryptococcal antigen is
      the only currently available reliable serological test used to diagnose an
      invasive fungal infection. Definitive diagnosis is made by histopathological
      demonstration of the fungus in tissue or a positive culture from a sterile body
      site. Invasive procedures are often necessary to obtain adequate tissue for
      histology and culture. The treatment of invasive fungal infection in the
      immunocompromised host is amphotericin B with or without 5FC. The usual
      recommended dose is 1.5 to 3 g total amphotericin B over 6 to 12 weeks. The
      optimal dose and duration of therapy for each infection is not known. Treatment
      failures and relapses are common in patients who do not achieve remission of
      their underlying disease. Ketoconazole, a new broad-spectrum oral antifungal
      medication, does not appear to be effective therapy for invasive fungal infection
      in the immunocompromised patient based on results of small clinical trials. New
      diagnostic methods and therapeutic approaches are necessary to improve the
      outcome of these infections. Areas of current research include serological assays
      for fungal antigens and metabolites which may allow earlier diagnosis, treatment
      with combinations of antifungal agents, and the development of new antifungal
      agents.

PMID- 6388936
TI  - An overview of infection in bone marrow transplant recipients.

PMID- 6388937
TI  - Swedish research in sports traumatology.
AB  - With long-established traditions in both sports medicine and trauma in Sweden,
      investigations are in progress on prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and
      rehabilitation, with special emphasis on soft-tissue injuries. The following
      subjects are of current interest: injuries to the ankle ligaments, compartment
      syndromes, knee ligament and meniscus injuries, thigh and groin muscle injuries,
      shoulder dislocation, lateral epicondylitis, and rupture of the ulnar collateral
      ligament of the thumb. Skiing injuries and the prevention of trauma in soccer
      players represent important unsolved problems.

PMID- 6388938
TI  - Progress in Sweden. Editorial comment.

PMID- 6388939
TI  - Treatment of fractures of the patella with percutaneous suture.
AB  - One hundred seven patients with fractures of the patella were treated by
      percutaneous suture. The method has the advantage of being simple and relatively
      nontraumatic. The reduction and the functional recovery were generally excellent.
      The reduction was poor in five cases, three of which had open reduction and
      internal fixation. After the percutaneous suture with steel wire is in place, the
      wire provides sufficient strength for internal fixation. The quadriceps expansion
      needs no repair. Neither open reduction nor percutaneous suture with cerclage
      solves the problem of the tendency of the fracture fragments to gap anteriorly.
      Percutaneous suture without Kirschner-wire internal fixation, with the principle
      of tension-band wiring, is adequate.

PMID- 6388940
TI  - Monostotic fibrous dysplasia in the femoral neck. A clinicopathologic study.
AB  - In eight patients with monostotic fibrous dysplasia in the femoral neck, the
      lesion was virtually limited to the neck region without any extension into the
      shaft. In one patient with symptoms of 40 years' duration and another with a
      recurrent lesion, there was a deformity in the neck of the femur. A pathologic
      fracture, including a minor one, was identified in two patients.
      Roentgenographically, the lesion should be distinguished from various entities
      producing a localized central region of rarefaction in the proximal femur. The
      histologic features of fibrous dysplasia are characteristically diagnostic. Six
      of the eight patients were successfully treated by curettage and bone graft.
      There was no evidence of malignant transformation.

PMID- 6388942
TI  - The iliopsoas muscle pedicle bone graft: an experimental study of femoral head
      vascularity after subcapital fractures and hip dislocations.
AB  - Distal iliopsoas muscle pedicle bone graft was investigated in dogs to determine
      whether a collateral blood supply to the femoral head can develop after displaced
      femoral neck fractures and dislocation of the hip joint. Microangiography
      performed in cadavers showed good vascularity of the muscle pedicle graft and
      similar studies in dogs showed that when transferred to the anterior femoral
      neck, the iliopsoas muscle pedicle graft healed with an ingrowth of vessels
      across the graft site. Microangiographic and histologic studies in dogs showed
      that the procedure could maintain the vascularity and viability of the grafted
      femoral head. Consequently, an iliopsoas muscle pedicle bone graft can provide a
      vascular supply to a compromised femoral head and may be applied in both the
      prevention and treatment of avascular necrosis of the injured femoral head.

PMID- 6388941
TI  - Adhesives in orthopaedic surgery. A review of the literature and in vitro bonding
      strengths of bone-bonding agents.
AB  - Adhesives may offer a number of advantages over conventional metal osteosynthesis
      in the treatment of fractures: ease and speed of fixation are improved, they have
      the anatomy to anatomically coapt small fragments, and hardware removal is not
      necessary. A review of the literature was performed to evaluate experiments with
      collagen and other biologic adhesives, epoxy resins, polyurethane foam,
      cyanoacrylates, zinc polycarboxylate, polymethylmethacrylates, and fibrin
      adhesives pertaining to osteosynthesis. Cyanoacrylates, polymethylmethacrylates,
      and fibrin adhesives are currently being investigated. These agents are tested to
      evaluate their bone-bonding strength. Cyanoacrylates of biologically tolerated
      chain length did not develop useful bonding in cancellous bone; they bond well to
      cortical bone only with meticulous surface preparation. Fibrin adhesives
      developed only minimally useful bonding. Polymethylmethacrylate developed
      surgically useful bonding in osteosynthesis where conventional fixation is
      impossible.

PMID- 6388943
TI  - Osteoporosis. Experimental and clinical studies.
AB  - Combined experimental and clinical research illustrates not only the multiplicity
      of questions for research on osteoporosis but also the difficulty of penetrating
      such a complicated clinical problem as treatment and prevention of osteoporosis.
      Without thorough knowledge of the pathomechanisms responsible for the development
      of the condition and a rational working hypothesis, any attempt to develop a new
      approach seems unlikely to succeed.

PMID- 6388944
TI  - The classic. The first stages of coxa plana by Henning Waldenstrom. 1938.

PMID- 6388945
TI  - Biography of C. Miller Fisher, M.D.

PMID- 6388946
TI  - Bibliography of C. Miller Fisher, M.D.

PMID- 6388947
TI  - Ionizing and nonionizing radiation treatment of malignant cerebral gliomas:
      specialized approaches.

PMID- 6388948
TI  - Intraoperative use of ultrasound in neurosurgery.

PMID- 6388949
TI  - Computed tomography-guided stereotactic systems.
AB  - CT stereotactic guidance systems of modern design provide the neurosurgeon with a
      precise methodology in approaching intracranial targets. These systems eliminate
      the potential inaccuracy of freehand approach, no matter how skilled the
      neurosurgeon. System software which requires no specialized computer expertise
      has been developed. To accommodate the many requirements of operative
      manipulation, a total operating system using both standard and innovative
      surgical instruments has been adapted to the BRW frame. Utilizing the imaging
      mode for localizing data alone, the system can be used with multiple imaging
      modes and in multiple locations. Thus, the system can be used for standard
      methods of functional neurosurgery utilizing ventriculography, new methods of
      functional neurosurgery using either combined ventriculography and CT or CT
      alone, and for newer modes of imaging including ultrasound for real-time
      monitoring of the target lesion during surgery, and target localization using
      positron emission tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance. It is our belief
      that CT-guided stereotactic systems could become a standard technique for
      approaching all intraparenchymal brain targets.

PMID- 6388950
TI  - An image processing system for use in neurosurgery.

PMID- 6388951
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography.
AB  - DSA is a promising method for improving the results of cerebrovascular
      angiography. Experience suggests that VI-DSA will have a more limited application
      than was originally expected. It is a low-risk, cost-efficient technique for
      serial and postoperative studies and for screening outpatients who may have
      occlusive extracranial lesions that have not been detected by noninvasive tests;
      however, false-negative results may be obtained. AI-DSA provides far more
      accurate and reliable results than VI-DSA and has the potential for increasing
      the flexibility, efficiency, and safety of angiography, in comparison with
      conventional techniques.

PMID- 6388953
TI  - Cigarette smoking pharmacokinetics and its relationship to smoking behaviour.
AB  - The yield of a cigarette is determined by the tobacco blend, the length of the
      cigarette, the cigarette paper, the filter and air dilution. Cigarette yield has
      been defined by tradition and by law to be the yield of nicotine, tar and carbon
      monoxide obtained from a 35 ml puff volume of 2-second duration taken every
      minute during the burning time of the cigarette. Normally smokers draw a puff
      into their mouth and then inhale. Mouth delivery is largely determined by
      personal smoking behaviour. The puff volume, number of puffs taken per cigarette,
      and number of cigarettes smoked per day determine both the volume and the mass of
      daily mouth delivery. There are marked differences in smoking behaviour, and the
      delivery is substantially altered from the yield values obtained with the
      standardised test procedure. Body uptake of smoke ingredients is determined by
      smoke chemical parameters, smoker inhalation behaviour, lung morphology, and
      physiological parameters. The physiological parameters include tidal volume,
      vital capacity, rate of breathing, and rate of clearance for the lung. Given
      these behavioural and physiological differences in individual delivery and uptake
      it is not surprising that differences in measured parameters occur within smokers
      of cigarettes with a particular yield. Biological differences among individuals,
      such as metabolic and size differences, cause additional variations in these
      values. Therefore, the estimates of nicotine and tar delivery can vary widely in
      studies of individual uptake when the estimates are based upon sample population
      data. The variables in both smoking behaviour and in chemical and physiological
      factors which alter uptake make it essential to have a crossover design for any
      study. The large standard error for the plasma concentration of cotinine (a major
      metabolite of nicotine) within a sample population, and the log linear nature of
      the plasma cotinine concentration curve, requires a very large sample size for
      any study of cigarette delivery or uptake. When comparisons of brands are made,
      average values are misleading in that the skew to the high values obscures
      frequency differences among the lower values within the samples. It is important
      to remember that smoker compliance with study design is very essential.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6388954
TI  - Acute hemodynamic and humoral effects of metoclopramide on blood pressure control
      improvement in subjects with diabetic orthostatic hypotension.
AB  - Metoclopramide (MCP), a dopaminergic antagonist, is effective in postural
      hypotension, but the mechanisms of action have not been well defined. We studied
      responses of mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, cardiac output (CO), and
      total peripheral resistance (TPR) after 5 min of increasing degrees of head tilt
      (15 degrees to 90 degrees) before and after MCP (20 mg IV) in seven subjects with
      diabetic postural hypotension. Plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone
      levels (PA) were determined at each degree of tilt; responses to the cold pressor
      test were also assessed before and after MCP. Before MCP, the maximal degree of
      tilt tolerated was 75 degrees, while after MCP four subjects were able to support
      90 degrees tilt. At 45 degrees tilt, the decreases in MAP were smaller after than
      before MCP (-7.6 +/- 3.3 and -28.1 +/- 8.5 mm Hg; means +/- SE). This was
      associated with responses of TPR to tilt after (from 18.6 +/- 2.6 to 24.0 +/- 3.9
      arbitrary units [AU]) but not before (from 22.9 +/- 4.0 to 25.6 +/- 4.5 AU) MCP.
      Reductions in CO were of the same order before and after MCP. PRA responded to
      tilt better after than before MCP. Supine PA levels increased with MCP (delta PA
      = 5.4 +/- 0.7 ng/dl), but its response to tilt was unaltered. There were
      significant rises in MAP and HR during the cold pressor test after but not before
      MCP. Our data suggest that vasoconstriction is the main mechanism of MCP
      improvement in blood pressure response to an orthostatic stimulus in diabetic
      postural hypotension, possibly because of its antidopaminergic property.

PMID- 6388952
TI  - Interactions affecting drug absorption.
AB  - The influence of drug-drug and drug-food interactions affecting the absorption of
      orally administered medication is reviewed. Drug-drug interactions can be
      classified in terms of indirect effects by one drug on gastrointestinal tract
      physiology influencing the absorption of other drugs, or direct interactions
      involving altered pH, adsorption, absorption, or chelation. Most, but not all,
      drug-drug interactions result in reduced or delayed systemic drug availability.
      Drug-food interactions may result in reduced, delayed, or increased systemic drug
      availability. The absorption of only a small number of drugs is unaffected by
      concomitant food intake. The degree of interaction and whether it positively or
      negatively affects drug absorption depends on a number of factors including the
      physical and chemical nature of the drug, the formulation, the type of meal, and
      the time interval between eating and dosing. Mechanisms of drug-food interactions
      are not well characterised. They clearly involve both direct and indirect factors
      in a similar fashion to drug-drug interactions, but indirect factors probably
      predominate. Reduced or delayed drug absorption is generally attributed, at least
      in part, to delayed stomach-emptying due to food. Increased absorption may also
      result from delayed stomach-emptying facilitating greater drug dissolution before
      it passes from the stomach into the small intestine. Increased bioavailability of
      some drugs, e.g. propranolol, metoprolol and labetalol, may be related to reduced
      presystemic clearance. The potential clinical implications of drug-drug and drug
      food interactions must be taken into account with oral medications in order to
      minimise variations in systemic drug availability and hence in clinical efficacy.

PMID- 6388955
TI  - Verofylline, a methylxanthine bronchodilator, in asthma.
AB  - Verofylline, a long-acting polysubstituted methylxanthine bronchodilator, was
      taken orally by eight adult patients with asthma in a double-blind, crossover
      tolerance study. Peak expiratory flow, forced vital capacity, and its
      subdivisions were measured weekly 2, 4, and 6 hr after oral dosing with drug or
      placebo. Peak drug activity developed between 4 and 6 hr after dosing. Subject
      tolerance was good at the doses used. Dose-response curves for mean forced
      expiratory volume in one second, peak expiratory flow rate, and forced expiratory
      flow at the end of 4 hr were greater after 0.05 mg/kg verofylline than after
      placebo or higher doses of verofylline. Mean percent change in forced vital
      capacity remained increased as long as 6 hr after 0.15 mg/kg active drug.
      Verofylline was not very effective as a bronchodilator at the doses used.

PMID- 6388956
TI  - On the beauty of lips.

PMID- 6388957
TI  - Evolving concepts in lip reconstruction.
AB  - An extensive review of world literature reveals that current innumerable
      procedures to repair upper and lower lip defects were already devised about the
      middle of the nineteenth century. There is little that can be defined as original
      after that time. In fact, most of the so-called new methods for labial
      reconstruction are a modification of old ideas. In tracing the steps of evolution
      in lip repair, the authors emphasize that only few concepts should be regarded as
      decisive to achieve a good final result. The use of lip tissue to repair lip
      defects should be one of the aims of modern cheiloplasty. Following this
      principle, it is possible to reestablish interrupted sphincteric functions of the
      orbicularis oris and, at the same time, most of the expression of emotions. When
      insufficient material is available for reconstruction, full-thickness local flaps
      of cheek can be considered the alternative solution, far better than distant
      lined flaps, which create a static, unaesthetic barrier.

PMID- 6388958
TI  - Compensatory reconstruction of the lips and mouth after major tissue loss.
AB  - When any procedure is probably going to alter form and function, the surgeon must
      be aware of the various trades and select the reconstruction that provides the
      greatest net gain. It is almost trite to reemphasize the need to listen to and
      heed as best as possible the needs and desires of the patient. Only by having a
      knowledge of the effects on normal function and previsioning the resultant
      deformity can we adequately compensate for major lip and mouth tissue loss. We
      have attempted to look into the corners of this profusely authored subject to
      more clearly understand the compensatory nature of its reconstruction.

PMID- 6388959
TI  - Reconstructive surgery of deep burns of the lips.

PMID- 6388960
TI  - Straight-line closure: a preliminary to Millard closure in unilateral cleft lips
      (with a history of the straight-line closure, including the Mirault
      misunderstanding).
AB  - We have completed 25 SLC-RAC sequences for complete unilateral clefts of the lip,
      using the straight-line closure as a preliminary step to facilitate the
      definitive closure, which is done about 6 months later. Fourteen of the straight
      line closures were done on newborn children with local anesthesia, and the rest
      were done at a later time under general anesthesia because of later referral or
      refuge/immigrant status, using general anesthesia. We have had no major
      complications such as lip dehiscence, major infection, respiratory problems, or
      bleeding. Since our original publication, we have increased the scope of the
      straight-line closure to include wider nasal undermining for better repositioning
      of the nasal structures, and we have adopted Millard's technique of lining the
      gap in the pyriform aperture with a vermilion flap (Millard's "L" flap). Our
      oldest patient is not yet in adolescence, so our study is incomplete, but our
      impression is that the preliminary straight-line closure has materially improved
      the results of surgery for complete unilateral cleft lips. The history of the
      straight-line closure forms a continuum from the 1st century A.D., and includes
      Malgaigne, Mirault, and Veau repairs as well as those of many others.

PMID- 6388961
TI  - Secondary repair of cleft lip deformity.
AB  - A considerable number of procedures have been described for secondary
      improvements of the lip. They involve the scars, the Cupid's bow, the philtrum,
      the alar base, the vestibulum and the columella. In fact, these procedures may
      give a good aesthetic result in a static position, but the truly successful
      results occur with normal movements. A normal motion of the lip is impossible
      without a proper dissection and reorientation of the muscles. Satisfactory lip
      motion cannot be realized with a defective alveolus or piriform aperture that
      retracts the alar base. Consequently, a good lip or nasal base cannot be achieved
      without bony restoration of the alveolus and piriform aperture. A transversely
      short lip never has normal mobility, and it must be widened by an Abbe flap. A
      tight, retruded lip on a retruded maxilla cannot be improved by a prosthetic
      vestibular plate because a greater tension will restrict movements. The lip must
      be advanced with the maxilla, then widened if necessary by an Abbe flap. A thick
      prolapsed lip never has normal movement; it must be raised by an infranasal
      excision. A cleft lip has nothing to gain from being displayed under a short
      nose, or, still worse, under a upturned nose. The nose must be kept long enough
      to cast a shadow on the lip. For the same reason, a bone graft is often necessary
      in bilateral clefts because the nose is short and retruded.

PMID- 6388962
TI  - Immunohistological localization of human lymphocyte subsets.
AB  - The technical aspects of immunohistological detection of lymphocyte surface
      antigens were studied in frozen and fixed, embedded tissues employing several
      immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescent methods. It was found that routine
      fixation and embedding destroyed immunostaining of surface immunoglobulin and T
      cell surface antigen. Cytoplasmic immunoglobulin was preserved in fixed, embedded
      tissues. A comparative study of nonspecific staining in various tissues using
      different techniques revealed that immunoperoxidase methods generally gave lower
      nonspecific staining than immunofluorescent methods. The labeled avidin biotin
      method achieved the lowest nonspecific staining and appears to be superior to the
      other methods studied. A preliminary study of T lymphocyte subsets in human B
      cell lymphomas and reactive lymph nodes was also performed. It was found that T
      cell immunostaining patterns were altered in B-cell lymphomas in comparison to
      reactive lymph nodes, suggesting a more generalized disturbance of
      immunoregulation in these tumors.

PMID- 6388963
TI  - Clinical applications of fluorescence-activated cell sorting techniques.

PMID- 6388964
TI  - A rapid immunofluorescent procedure for serodiagnosis of Q fever in mice, guinea
      pigs, sheep, and humans.
AB  - The ability to diagnose Q fever has been hampered by the fact that diagnosis
      depends upon difficult serologic tests such as complement fixation (CF) or slide
      immunofluorescence performed only at reference laboratories. A new quantitative
      solid phase fluorescent antibody test (FIAX) has recently been developed and
      applied to measure antibodies in several microbial systems. The test takes less
      than 2 hr to perform and employs stable reagents. We have utilized this technique
      and developed a rapid immunofluorescent assay for detection of antibodies to
      Coxiella burnetii in man and animals. Sera from guinea pigs and mice immunized
      with phase I vaccine and from naturally infected sheep show high levels of
      fluorescence against both phase I and phase II antigens by this technique. We
      have tested over 100 CF positive humans from a recent laboratory outbreak of Q
      fever and find an excellent correlation between FIAX and CF results.

PMID- 6388965
TI  - Statistical analysis of five immune complex screening assays: patterns of
      detection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus,
      infectious endocarditis, and diabetes mellitus.
AB  - A comparative study of four nonspecific screening techniques (direct
      nephelometry, PEG-C4, PEG-IgG, and radiolabeled Clq binding) for immune complexes
      (IC) and of a technique specific for the detection of insulin-anti-insulin IC was
      undertaken in four groups of patients with diagnosis of infectious endocarditis,
      systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and diabetes. The
      highest frequency of positive results was given by the PEG-IgG test in RA, the
      Clq-binding test in SLE, the insulin-anti-insulin IC screening test in diabetes,
      and the PEG-IgG and Clq-binding tests in infectious endocarditis. Of the four
      nonspecific tests, the PEG-C4 assay appeared to be the least discriminative,
      since it failed to show significant differences between any group of patients and
      the group of controls. Direct nephelometry, PEG-IgG, and radiolabeled Clq binding
      gave consistently higher results in RA than in other diseases, and in this
      disease the rates of agreement between these tests were highly significant.
      Significant agreements between the rates of positivity of Clq binding and PEG-IgG
      tests were seen in all groups of patients studied. Spearman's analysis of rank
      showed the best correlations among tests based on similar principles (ie, PEG
      precipitation), and also a strong correlation between Clq binding and the PEG-IgG
      test in RA. The PEG-IgG test appears to be a reliable IC screening test for
      general use with the advantage of not involving radioisotopes. In regard to
      antigen-specific tests, although their specificity and sensitivity may be high,
      their results may show no correlation with nonspecific screening tests nor with
      the presence or absence of clinical or laboratory abnormalities suggestive of IC
      deposition, as exemplified by the insulin-anti-insulin IC screening test in
      diabetic patients.

PMID- 6388966
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for streptokinase antibodies.
AB  - A micro plate Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), developed for detection
      of antibodies to Streptokinase, was used to analyze 80 human sera. The aim was to
      provide a simple method for antibody screening that required neither
      sophisticated equipment nor a high degree of technological skill. Preliminary
      results show that ELISA is specific, reproducible and sensitive. Comparative
      evaluation of the ELISA and the coagulum lysis test for antibodies against
      streptokinase show excellent correlation. We also evaluated the anti-Streptolysin
      O titer either by conventional method or ELISA. The sensitivity of ELISA for
      detecting anti-Streptolysin O antibodies was 3-4-fold higher than that of the
      hemolytic test. The sensitivity of ELISA for detecting anti-streptokinase
      antibodies was 10-20-fold higher than that of the coagulum lysis. The Enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay seems to offer some advantages over the more commonly
      used coagulum lysis test as far as sensitivity is concerned and potentially it is
      suggested that this method could be usefully employed clinically in human
      streptococcal infections.

PMID- 6388967
TI  - A sensitive assay to evaluate antistreptococcal antibodies using an in vitro
      produced monoclonal human rheumatoid factor.
AB  - A human monoclonal rheumatoid factor (RF) produced in vitro by an Epstein-Barr
      virus (EBV) immortalized cell line is used in an assay to detect and quantitate
      antibodies directed against streptococcal antigens in human sera. The assay,
      based on the binding of the rheumatoid factor to IgG-immune complexes, applies
      this monoclonal antibody in its iodinated form. The assay can easily quantitate
      IgG-antistreptococcal antibodies and enables the quantitation of these specific
      antibodies in sera that contain even very low titers.

PMID- 6388968
TI  - Resting and activation antigens of T cells: studies with OKT10 and OKT20
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - OKT10 and OKT20 are monoclonal antibodies that recognize cell surface antigen(s)
      on resting thymocytes, plasma cells, null cells, monocytes, and some bone marrow
      cells. The respective antigens, poorly expressed on resting peripheral T cells,
      are strongly expressed on T cells activated either in vitro or in vivo. Double
      staining experiments using either OKT10 or OKT20, in combination with OKT3,
      provided paradoxical results. If indirect staining with OKT3 plus horse alpha
      mouse IgG preceded staining with OKT10 or OKT20, most cells showed double
      staining; all other staining sequences yielded the expected result that OKT3+
      cells expressed very little OKT10 or OKT20. Analysis of the experiments revealed
      that perturbation of the cell membrane with a monoclonal antibody reactive with a
      cell surface antigen (for example, OKT3) followed by a crosslinking second
      antibody caused the expression of these antigens. This suggests that these
      antigens, normally expressed on activated T cells, are actually present in an
      unexpressed form within the membrane of resting T cells.

PMID- 6388969
TI  - Monitoring immunosuppression following renal transplantation.
AB  - Renal allograft recipients were given azathioprine and prednisone for
      immunosuppression following transplantation. In addition, pulses of steroids or
      courses of treatment with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) or PAN.OKT3 were employed
      to combat acute rejection episodes. Our results support the concept that ATG and
      PAN.OKT3 are useful in the treatment of acute kidney allograft rejection. In our
      experience, ATG often reversed acute kidney allograft rejection episodes and then
      provided relatively long-lasting immunosuppression with stable graft function. In
      contrast, PAN.OKT3 was more effective in reversing acute rejection, but
      subsequent rejection episodes occurred more frequently. In patients treated with
      PAN.OKT3, cells reacting with OKT3, OKT4 and OKT8 were removed from the
      circulation within minutes following the initial treatment, and the levels of
      these cells remained dramatically depressed during the first few days of
      treatment. Subsequently, peripheral blood cells which reacted with OKT4 or OKT8,
      but not OKT3, could be detected in most patients, even though treatment continued
      and excess circulating PAN.-OKT3 was present. Experiments in which these cells
      were cultured for 24 or 72 hr indicated that antigenic modulation by OKT3 had
      occurred in vivo. These results raise interesting questions about the mode of
      action of PAN.OKT3, and suggest that the combination of PAN.OKT3 with an agent
      which can establish long-lasting immunosuppression may be more effective than
      either agent given alone.

PMID- 6388970
TI  - Usefulness of monoclonal antibodies in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients
      with primary immunodeficiencies: combined experience in three clinical immunology
      centers.
AB  - Circulating levels of T-cell subsets and NK cells were determined in 78 patients
      with primary immunodeficiencies, 35 children with recurrent respiratory
      infections, and healthy age-matched controls. Normal T cell and natural killer
      (NK) cell values were observed in individuals with immunoglobulin A (IgA)
      deficiency and X-linked agammaglobulinemia, while reduced OKT4/OKT8 cell ratios
      and low levels of 5/9+ T helper cells were found in approximately 60% of patients
      with common variable immunodeficiency. Infants with severe combined
      immunodeficiency (SCID) and lymphopenia had virtually no cells expressing T-cell
      or NK-cell surface antigens, but had normal numbers of monocytes and other types
      of blood cells. Infants with DiGeorge syndrome, other primary T-cell defects, or
      SCID with B cells had few or no circulating cells of mature T helper-suppressor
      phenotypes, but had normal numbers of NK cells (HNK-1+) and NK function. These
      results support the idea of a common stem cell precursor for T, B, and NK cells,
      each of which follows a separate pathway of differentiation. Profound alterations
      were observed in the distribution and function of T-cell subsets in ataxia
      telangiectasia patients who were previously shown to have thymic dysplasia. A
      significant reduction in the frequencies of OKT3+ and OKT4+ cells was observed in
      children with frequent respiratory infections during infancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6388971
TI  - Effects of thymopoietin pentapeptide (TP-5) on in vitro and in vivo IgE
      production by atopic dermatitis cell subsets.
AB  - Atopic dermatitis (AD) patients exhibit multiple immune abnormalities, including
      T-cell defects that may be partially correctable by the administration of thymic
      hormones. Our investigations confirmed that peripheral blood mononuclear
      leukocytes obtained from patients with AD spontaneously synthesized markedly
      elevated amounts of IgE in vitro. The thymic hormone thymopoietin pentapeptide
      (TP-5) greatly inhibited this synthesis. An antihuman pan-T cell monoclonal
      antibody (Lyt3) was used to separate T-cell marker-positive (T+) T cells from
      marker-negative (T-) B-enriched cells. TP-5 pretreatment of T+ cells resulted in
      significant reduction of in vitro IgE synthesis by recombined T+ and T- cells,
      whereas pretreatment of T- B-enriched cells resulted in a nonsignificant
      reduction in in vitro IgE synthesis. Thus, although pretreatment of both subsets
      resulted in some degree of reduction, TP-5-induced inhibition of in vitro IgE
      synthesis was primarily mediated via T cells. The majority of patients' untreated
      T+ and T4+ cells showed enhanced IgE synthesis, but only one patient's T8+ cells
      were capable of suppressing IgE synthesis. Thus TP-5 may either induce suppressor
      T-cell activity or reduce helper T-cell activity. A six-week double-blind
      clinical trial of TP-5 produced evidence of clinical improvement and alterations
      of abnormalities of OKT8+ cells, although no significant effects on serum IgE
      were seen.

PMID- 6388972
TI  - Opposing effects of filariasis and chronic malaria on immunoregulatory T
      lymphocytes.
AB  - The effect of parasitic infections on immunoregulatory T lymphocytes was
      evaluated by means of quantitative determinations of total T cell and T-cell
      subset populations present in peripheral blood of patients with lymphatic
      filariasis, with the malaria-induced tropical splenomegaly syndrome (TSS), and
      with both infections. Total T-cell numbers were similar to control values in
      patients without TSS, and reduced in donors with TSS. OKT4+/OKT8+ T-cell ratios
      were decreased in microfilaremic donors without TSS (0.76 +/- 0.08) and elevated
      in patients with TSS without microfilaremia (1.97 +/- 0.16). Patients with dual
      infections tended to yield results similar to uninfected control donors. Thus,
      filariasis and chronic malaria (TSS) have opposing effects on the normal balance
      of immunoregulatory T lymphocytes. In patients with TSS, the imbalance appears to
      result from a decrease in the absolute number of circulating T cells with
      suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype.

PMID- 6388973
TI  - An enzyme-linked immunoassay for detection of IgG- and C3-containing circulating
      immune complexes: comparison with a radioimmunoassay and quantitation in patients
      with rheumatic diseases.
AB  - We developed a simplified, relatively rapid, inexpensive, antigen-nonspecific,
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for immunoglobulin G (IgG)- and C3
      containing circulating immune complexes (CICs), adapted from a solid-phase anti
      C3 radioimmunoassay (RIA). Standards (containing purified, heat-aggregated IgG
      and fresh human serum) or samples were allowed to react with goat F(ab')2
      antihuman C3 bound to the matrix of microtiter plates. Then alkaline phosphatase
      conjugated to goat IgG fraction antihuman IgG was added, followed by p
      nitrophenylphosphate, optical densities determined, and concentrations of CICs
      calculated. We found excellent correlations between serum and plasma CIC levels
      by either ELISA (r = 0.95, p less than 0.01) or RIA (r = 0.89, p less than 0.01).
      Furthermore, ELISA quantitation of CICs correlated well with RIA (serum, n = 75,
      r = 0.64, p less than 0.01; plasma, n = 101, r = 0.56, p less than 0.01). By
      ELISA we found 32 normal subjects had 38 +/- 12 micrograms CIC/ml in serum and 34
      +/- 10 micrograms CIC/ml in plasma. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
      (39% of 27 patients, p less than 0.05) had significantly elevated CIC levels
      compared with normal (serum, 157 +/- 50 micrograms/ml, p less than 0.01; plasma,
      89 +/- 23 micrograms/ml, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6388974
TI  - Immunological diagnosis of systemic candidiasis by counterimmunoelectrophoresis
      and quantitative immunofluorescence using purified antigens.
AB  - The advantages of two different immunological approaches to the diagnosis of
      systemic candidiasis have been studied. Counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) using
      purified cytoplasmic protein antigens and quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF)
      using purified polysaccharide antigens have proven to be approaches giving better
      discrimination between systemic and nonsystemic candidiasis. Using CIE and yeast
      cytoplasmic proteins we obtained nine positive reactions in 12 patients with
      systemic candidiasis, and none in 23 patients with other types of C albicans
      infection or in 30 normal healthy controls. Using quantitative immunofluorescence
      and mycelial polysaccharide antigen we obtained positive reactions in all tested
      sera from systemic candidiasis patients (14), but we also obtained positive
      reactions (although generally of lower magnitude) in 4 of 14 patients with
      localized or mucocutaneous candidiasis. It appears that although neither of the
      tests has 100% specificity and sensitivity, their use individually or in
      combination may result in valuable data to assist in establishing a diagnosis of
      systemic candidiasis.

PMID- 6388975
TI  - Prognostic significance of urinary antigen analysis by enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay in melanoma patients.
AB  - Urine samples collected from normal donors and melanoma patients were analyzed
      for the presence of tumor-associated antigen by competitive inhibition in the
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using an allogeneic melanoma serum as
      the source of antibody and partially purified urine from the same donor as the
      target antigen. The results were expressed as antigen units (ng antigen
      protein/mg creatinine). The antigen levels in urine of melanoma patients (median
      = 56.5, N = 56) were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than those of normal
      donors (median = 1.9, N = 56). The 90th percentile for the normal group was 34.3
      antigen units. Using this value as the criterion for positivity, 36 of 56 (64%)
      urine samples of melanoma group were positive for the antigen as opposed to only
      6 of 56 (11%) of normal donors. Subsequently, a retrospective analysis of 58
      melanoma patients paired on the basis of disease recurrence and no recurrence
      after lymphadenectomy revealed a median antigen level of 68 units for the
      recurrent group and 18.9 for the nonrecurrent group. Eighteen of 29 (62%)
      melanoma patients who had recurrence of their disease and 9 of 29 (31%) patients
      who remained disease free were urinary antigen positive. These incidences were
      significantly different (P less than 0.005). The results of this investigation
      suggest that assessment of urinary antigen in stage I and II melanoma patients
      may prognosticate recurrence of the disease.

PMID- 6388976
TI  - Abnormal fluorescent actin pattern of lazy phagocyte syndromes.
AB  - Human anti-actin antibodies (from patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis)
      were used with a second fluorescent anti-serum to study the distribution of actin
      in granulocytes from ten normal subjects and nine patients with "lazy phagocyte
      syndromes." Normal cells showed organization of actin at the periphery of the
      cell within 60 sec of adhering to glass, and this pattern was clearly abnormal in
      lazy phagocytes. This is a simpler test to confirm abnormal organization of actin
      in cells from affected patients.

PMID- 6388977
TI  - Enzyme immunoassay detection of IgM to galactoxylomannan of Cryptococcus
      neoformans.
AB  - Antibodies against the major capsular polysaccharide of Cryptococcus neoformans,
      glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), and a minor secreted polysaccharide, galactoxylomannan
      (GalXM), were surveyed by indirect enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in patients with
      cryptococcosis, with other mycoses, and in normal controls. Measurement of IgG
      levels against GalXM revealed cross reactions in candidiasis patients that were
      reduced by adsorption with Candida albicans cell walls. Measurement of IgM levels
      were subject to fewer cross reactions. The combination of adsorption with C
      albicans cell walls and measurement of IgM detected antibodies in 12 of 55
      cryptococcosis patients. An end point equal to or greater than a titer of 1/16
      excluded reactions in normals and limited cross reactivity in candidiasis
      patients to below 7%. This test has potential diagnostic significance in
      cryptococcosis patients who show no evidence of cryptococcal antigen circulating
      in the cerebrospinal fluid or serum. Reactions in this IgM assay were not
      spuriously due to rheumatoid factor. The major capsular GXM was much less
      serologically active and was subject to cross reactions with agents of bacterial
      sepsis. The specificity of the GalXM is directed mainly by the mannose and to a
      lesser extent by galactosyl residues.

PMID- 6388978
TI  - The epidemiology of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 6388979
TI  - The acquired immune deficiency syndrome: laboratory findings, clinical features,
      and leading hypotheses.

PMID- 6388980
TI  - Modified immunofluorescent antibody test: demonstration of nephritogenic antigen
      in glomeruli of rats.
AB  - This article describes a modified immunofluorescent antibody technique for the
      detection of a glomerular fixed tubular nephritogenic antigen in the rat. The
      presence of the nephritogenic antigen in the glomeruli of rats can be detected by
      this modified technique, while the conventional method gives negative results.

PMID- 6388981
TI  - A comparison of two immunoperoxidase staining methods based on the avidin-biotin
      interaction.
AB  - Two immunoperoxidase staining systems based on the avidin-biotin interaction were
      compared, using monoclonal antibodies and conventional antisera in cryostat and
      paraffin sections, respectively. Efficiencies were compared with respect to the
      highest titer of primary antibody that could be used to detect antigen. The
      labeled avidin-biotin (LAB) method (primary antibody-biotinylated secondary
      antibody-avidin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate) was found to be more efficient
      than the avidin-biotin complex (ABC) kit method (primary antibody-biotinylated
      secondary antibody-ABC "complex") by factors of 4-8 with respect to the detection
      of lymphocyte surface antigens in cryostat sections and the detection of
      immunoglobulins, prostate-specific antigen, and keratin in paraffin sections.

PMID- 6388982
TI  - Comparison of substrates for the detection of antinuclear antibodies in normals
      and in patients with connective tissue and other diseases.
AB  - There has been some controversy regarding the relative merits of cell lines
      versus frozen tissue substrates for the detection of antinuclear antibodies (ANA)
      by indirect immunofluorescence. We have compared two cell lines (KB and HEP2)
      with frozen mouse kidney for the detection of ANA in several groups of
      individuals. Cell lines were more likely to detect ANA than frozen mouse kidney
      in normal individuals and in hospital and clinic patients with diseases other
      than connective tissue diseases when sera were examined at manufacturer's
      recommended screening dilutions. There was also a trend for the cell lines to
      demonstrate ANA more frequently than mouse kidney in patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases, but the differences were not
      statistically significant. Centromere antibodies could be reliably suspected only
      on cell lines and could be confirmed only if mitotic figures were present.

PMID- 6388983
TI  - The respective roles of the simulator and computed tomography in radiotherapy
      planning: a review.
AB  - The advent of computed tomography (CT) scanners and the development of a CT
      facility on treatment simulators has provided an array of expensive equipment for
      use in radiotherapy treatment planning. The object of this paper is to review the
      requirements necessary for accurate radiotherapy planning and to present
      guidelines regarding the system which appears best suited to plan individual
      tumour sites, based on our experience of CT scanning and related techniques over
      the past 6 years.

PMID- 6388984
TI  - The extrinsic system.
AB  - Factor VII appears to be the key regulatory protein in the initiation of both the
      intrinsic and extrinsic systems of coagulation. The single chain, or zymogen
      form, of factor VII possesses enzymatic activity which makes it an ideal
      candidate for the initiation of coagulation following vascular injury. A number
      of interactions between the intrinsic and extrinsic systems of coagulation have
      been identified. It appears that factor VII is capable of directly activating
      factor IX and vice versa. The study of factor VII variants with associated
      thromboembolic complications may provide a number of answers regarding the
      initiation and regulation of the blood coagulation process.

PMID- 6388986
TI  - Laboratory assessment of coagulation disorders in liver disease.
AB  - Coagulation disorders in liver disease (cirrhosis or acute hepatic necrosis) may
      be assessed by the laboratory evaluation of factors V, VII, VIII and IX, and
      fibrinolysis. Tests of platelet and vascular function do not significantly
      contribute to this assessment. The response of the factors to vitamin K and to
      fresh frozen plasma contribute to the assessment of bleeding potential and
      prognosis.

PMID- 6388985
TI  - Dysfibrinogenemia. A current perspective.
AB  - At least 24 single amino acid substitution dysfibrinogens are currently known.
      Emerging evidence supports conclusions reached from studies on normal fibrinogen,
      which relate to the importance of release of A peptides to formation of a
      physiologically adequate fibrin clot; the existence of "D-D" or (b-b)
      polymerization sites; and the importance of the gamma chain carboxy terminal
      segment in fibrin assembly.

PMID- 6388987
TI  - The role of cell-wall associated lipids in the pathogenesis of lesions in
      experimental murine nocardiosis vs lesions produced by Mycobacterium fortuitum.
AB  - The pulmonary pathogens, Nocardia asteroides and Mycobacterium fortuitum
      classically produce a markedly different tissue response ranging from the acute
      suppurative lesion of nocardiosis to the granulomatous disease produced by the
      Mycobacterium. Both organisms have similar cell-wall associated lipids which have
      been chemically characterized as types of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.
      Earlier studies of virulence factors from M. tuberculosis and other Mycobacteria
      have shown that much of the host response is due to lipid constituency of the
      organism cell wall. In order to determine that contribution which the cell-wall
      associated lipids make in the pathogenesis of nocardiosis produced by N.
      asteroides and mycobacteriosis due to M. fortuitum, separate lipid fractions were
      obtained using the Anderson extraction technique as modified by Asselineau
      (Asselineau, J. 1966. The Bacterial Lipids. Hermann, Paris). These lipid
      fractions were injected into mice and the lesion development observed. Waxes A
      and D from the two organisms exhibited distinct differences in tissue response.
      Wax A from Nocardia produced a pronounced tissue response composed of multiple
      abscesses, macrophages, and reactive fibrous tissue. Wax A from Mycobacterium
      showed transient aggregations of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Mycobacteria
      derived wax D elicited a marked granulomatous response which persisted throughout
      the duration of the study, contrasting with a minimally acute inflammatory
      response to Nocardia-derived wax D. The phosphatide and soluble-fat fractions
      also showed aggressive lesions; however, these were similar for both organisms.
      These results indicate that the differences in tissue response elicited by lipids
      from N. asteroides and M. fortuitum may reside in wax fractions A and D.

PMID- 6388988
TI  - A 'hidden line' algorithm for 3D-reconstruction from serial sections--an
      extension of the NEUREC program package for a microcomputer.
AB  - An algorithm is described to generate pictures in arbitrary perspective from
      serially sectioned biological material. Only those parts of the object which lie
      on a direct line of sight to the observer are included into the computed paper
      plot, while hidden lines are omitted. The program was written for an inexpensive
      Apple II+ microcomputer as an extension of an earlier program library (NEUREC)
      for three-dimensional reconstruction. Application examples of neuronal and
      cardiac tissues are presented.

PMID- 6388989
TI  - Restoration of a removable partial denture abutment using a custom matrix.

PMID- 6388990
TI  - A new fiber metal dental implant.

PMID- 6388991
TI  - Porcelain fused to tooth--a new esthetic and reconstructive modality.

PMID- 6388992
TI  - Immediate fixed partial dentures, utilizing etched metal retainers.

PMID- 6388993
TI  - Book of the year.

PMID- 6388995
TI  - History of epicutaneous testing: the blotting-paper and other methods.
AB  - The first detailed description of an epicutaneous test in a case of allergy was
      probably in 1847 by Stadeler, a chemist at the University of Gottingen. A review
      of the history of the tests is given; touch and other investigations such as
      Stadeler's blotting paper strip, Jadassohn's application method (1895) and
      Fabre's blotting-paper square (1897).

PMID- 6388994
TI  - Lymphocytes and Langerhans cells in patch tests. An immunohistochemical and
      electron microscopic study.
AB  - The distribution of immunocompetent cells was analysed in allergic (nickel) and
      irritant (dithranol) patch tests using conventional transmission electron
      microscopy and labelling with monoclonal antibodies in an avidin-biotin
      immunoperoxidase study. The biopsies were taken 24 or 48 h after the
      allergen/irritant application. In allergic and irritant reactions, most
      inflammatory cells were OKT11 positive (pan T lymphocytes). The majority of these
      cells were also OKT4 positive (helper/inducer T lymphocytes), while the minority
      were OKT8 positive (suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes). NK9 positive cells
      (natural killer cells) were observed in small numbers. The number of dendritic
      OKT6 and OKIal positive cells (Langerhans cells) in the epidermis was unaffected
      in allergic reactions. In irritant reactions, a normal number of OKT6 positive
      Langerhans cells was observed, while the number of OKIal positive cells had
      increased in the epidermis. Dithranol caused prominent fine structural changes in
      the mitochondria of the Langerhans cells, while the keratinocytes appeared
      largely unaffected. The present study indicates that allergic and irritant patch
      tests cannot be differentiated reliably using current immunohistopathological or
      electron microscopic techniques, in spite of the small differences observed.

PMID- 6388996
TI  - Idiopathic IgA mesangial nephropathy: histological features.

PMID- 6388997
TI  - Idiopathic IgA mesangial nephropathy: immunohistological features.

PMID- 6388998
TI  - Role of the liver in the immunobiology of IgA in animals and humans.

PMID- 6388999
TI  - Characteristics of hypertension in primary IgA glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 6389000
TI  - Recurrence of mesangial IgA nephropathy after renal transplantation.

PMID- 6389001
TI  - Clinicopathologic correlations in severe forms of Henoch-Schonlein purpura
      nephritis based on repeat biopsies.

PMID- 6389002
TI  - IgA nephropathy in chronic liver disease.

PMID- 6389003
TI  - Immunohistochemical features of mesangial IgA glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 6389004
TI  - The stereochemistry of peptides containing alpha-aminoisobutyric acid.
AB  - The introduction of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) into peptides dramatically
      limits the range of accessible backbone conformations. The presence of two
      geminal methyl groups at C alpha sterically compels Aib residues to largely favor
      structures in the right- or left-handed 3(10)/alpha-helical regions (phi
      approximately +/- 60 +/- 20 degrees, psi approximately +/- 30 +/- 20 degrees) of
      the peptide conformational map. Aib residues occur extensively in microbial
      peptides which form transmembrane channels. This observation has stimulated
      considerable interest in the stereochemistry of Aib peptides. This review
      summarizes theoretical studies on the conformations of Aib residues and examines
      the available data on solid-state structures, derived from single crystal X-ray
      diffraction studies. Crystal structures of over three dozen Aib-containing
      peptides, ranging in length from 2 to 11 residues, have been reported so far
      which exemplify various types of beta-turns, consecutive beta-turns, and helical
      structures. Examples of nonhydrogen bonded and cyclic structures are also
      described. The crystallographic results compare well with structural studies in
      solution, establishing that Aib peptides can provide rigid structural models for
      the development of spectroscopic methods of peptide conformational analysis.

PMID- 6389005
TI  - Lateral position improves wedge-left atrial pressure correlation during positive
      pressure ventilation.
AB  - Because lateral position can be used to locate a pulmonary artery catheter tip in
      lung regions where venous pressure exceeds alveolar pressure, we studied the
      effect of lateral position on the correlation between pulmonary artery occlusion
      pressure (Pw) and left atrial pressure (Pla) at various increments of positive
      end expiratory pressure (PEEP). In ten normal anesthetized pigs, catheters were
      placed in the left atrium and right and left pulmonary arteries; simultaneous
      measurements of Pla and Pw from both catheters were obtained in the supine, right
      lateral, and left lateral positions. Pw obtained in the lateral position when the
      catheter tip was vertically located below the left atrium ("lower") more
      accurately reflected Pla changes than Pw obtained from catheters above the left
      atrium, at PEEP levels less than 20 cm H2O. Although most catheter tips were
      located below the left atrium in the supine position, our data from the lower
      catheter more accurately assessed Pla than did the Pw obtained in the supine
      position; this was particularly evident when the catheter tip was located
      vertically above the left atrium. These findings suggest that the lateral
      position can be useful in measuring Pw during continuous positive-pressure
      ventilation. However, further studies in humans are needed before this maneuver
      can be recommended.

PMID- 6389007
TI  - Pulmonary function before and after prolonged continuous positive airway pressure
      by mask.
AB  - This investigation examined whether prolonged continuous positive airway pressure
      (CPAP) applied by face mask could sustain an increase in functional residual
      capacity (FRC). Before median sternotomy, nine adults performed multiple-breath
      nitrogen washout to determine FRC and spirometry. The day after operation, lung
      volumes were measured before and 10 min after the 4-h application of 7.5 cm H2O
      of CPAP with a mask. Mean FRC, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory
      volume in 1 sec (FEV1), and FEV1/FVC after CPAP were similar to pretreatment
      values. Although CPAP can restore FRC to preoperative values, and did increase
      FRC in these patients, FRC deteriorates within 10 min after CPAP is removed.
      Therefore, when a sustained increase in FRC is desired after median sternotomy,
      CPAP should be applied without interruption.

PMID- 6389006
TI  - Comparison of continuous positive airway pressure, incentive spirometry, and
      conservative therapy after cardiac operations.
AB  - Of 38 patients undergoing median sternotomy for cardiac operations all developed
      profound restrictive defects in pulmonary function during the first 72 h after
      tracheal extubation. Although decreased lung volumes were refractory to
      correction by vigorous, aggressive pulmonary therapy during this period, frequent
      and supervised treatment may prevent further deterioration in pulmonary function.
      The overall incidence of pneumonia was only 3% (1/38). Continuous positive airway
      pressure delivered by mask proved to be a nearly effortless form of postoperative
      respiratory therapy that was less painful than incentive spirometry or coughing
      and deep breathing, and therefore may be preferable.

PMID- 6389008
TI  - A mechanical model of spontaneous ventilation.
AB  - An Emerson 3-PV ventilator was modified to function as a model for spontaneous
      ventilation. Respiratory rates, tidal volumes, inspiratory/expiratory time
      ratios, and flow rates were adjusted to produce sinusoidal inspiratory and
      expiratory flow patterns that mimicked physiologic ventilation.

PMID- 6389009
TI  - Sequential hemofiltration in nonoliguric high capillary permeability pulmonary
      edema of severe sepsis: preliminary report.
AB  - Five patients with nonoliguric adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
      secondary to severe sepsis showed improved blood oxygenation after up to 36 h of
      conventional therapy and mechanical ventilation with optimal positive end
      expiratory pressure. However, metabolic acidosis was unchanged, and blood urea
      had increased. Some patients showed hemodynamic signs of incipient heart failure.
      After sequential hemofiltration, the altered physiologic shunt and blood pH
      returned to normal. Chest x-rays showed clearing of interstitial pulmonary edema.
      Patients recovered from ARDS in spite of fluid accumulation. Mechanical
      ventilation was stopped up to 8.5 h after the last hemofiltration. We postulate
      that convective ultrafiltration clears the blood of circulating low- and middle
      weight vasoactive molecules implicated in the development of high microvascular
      permeability acute pulmonary edema secondary to sepsis.

PMID- 6389010
TI  - Current diagnostic approach to adrenal abnormalities.
AB  - Cross-sectional imaging of the adrenal glands is described, and examples of
      pheochromocytoma, bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, aldosteronoma, and metastasis
      are presented. The clinical diagnosis and radiologic findings of these and other
      adrenal lesions are discussed. Noninvasive and invasive procedures, and their
      usefulness in diagnosing adrenal abnormalities, are reviewed, and the value of
      computed tomography, ultrasonography, radionuclide scintigraphy, and angiography
      are analyzed.

PMID- 6389011
TI  - Computed tomography versus angiography in the diagnosis of large right adrenal
      carcinomas.
AB  - Adrenal carcinomas are rare. We present four surgically and pathologically proved
      large right adrenal carcinomas studied by computed tomography, angiography, and
      other imaging modalities. Computed tomography demonstrated large nonhomogeneous
      right upper quadrant masses in all four cases, but the adrenal origin of the mass
      could not be ascertained by computed tomography in three patients due to the
      transverse display of the anatomy. Ultrasonography provided important additional
      information in these cases. Arteriography was diagnostic in each case by
      demonstrating minimal to marked tumor vascularity supplied by adrenal arteries.
      We also present, for differential diagnostic purposes, a proved benign adrenal
      hemorrhagic cyst with computed tomography and angiography findings
      indistinguishable from those of adrenal carcinomas. Computed tomography does not
      eliminate the need for angiography in patients with large right upper quadrant
      masses suspected of being an adrenal carcinoma.

PMID- 6389013
TI  - The significance of culture for successful cryopreservation of isolated
      pancreatic islets of Langerhans.
AB  - It was the aim of the present study to investigate the significance of culture
      before and after freeze-thawing of isolated mouse pancreatic islets. To evaluate
      the impact of culture before freezing (5 degrees C/min; 2 M dimethyl sulfoxide),
      islets were frozen either directly after isolation or after 2, 4, or 7 days of
      culture in medium RPMI 1640. The culture period after thawing was 7 days. Islets
      immediately frozen exhibited virtually no (pro)insulin biosynthesis and also a
      severe inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin release. The precultured (2-7
      days), frozen islets synthesized and released insulin at rates comparable to
      those of nonfrozen, cultured islets. Studies of the effects of culture after
      freeze-thawing were performed after a 3-day culture period prior to freezing. The
      (pro)insulin biosynthetic rates did not differ between islets cultured for 0-7
      days after thawing. There was an apparent increase of glucose-stimulated insulin
      release when the islets were cultured for more than 2 days after thawing. It may
      be that the decreased viability of islets frozen immediately after isolation was
      due to minor cell damage induced by the collagenase incubation. During culture
      the islets may recover and become more resistant to freeze-damage. The beneficial
      effect of culture after thawing may reflect the loss of damaged cells, which
      otherwise would influence the results of the viability tests.

PMID- 6389012
TI  - A rapid screening technique for lymphocytotoxic antibodies using tray-frozen
      lymphocytes.
AB  - A method whereby sera can be screened for the presence of lymphocytotoxic
      antibodies within 4 hr using lymphocytes frozen in microtest trays is described.
      The reactions of the sera of 48 hemodialysis patients against freshly prepared
      lymphocytes were compared with those against tube-frozen (384 reaction pairs) and
      tray-frozen (864 reaction pairs) cells. There was a better than 90% concordance,
      and only 3% of the reactions differed from negative to strongly positive or vice
      versa. Preliminary results indicate that the method is also suitable for B-cell
      (HLA-DR) antibody testing. Routine screening against 50- or 100-cell panels can
      be accomplished more rapidly and more efficiently using tray-frozen lymphocytes.
      The data matrix for analysis of a serum's HLA specificity is greatly reduced in
      comparison to the conventional screening technique, rendering the method
      particularly suitable for microcomputer processing.

PMID- 6389014
TI  - Clinical trial of flupirtine maleate in patients with migraine.
AB  - A double-blind randomized parallel group trial was carried out in two centres to
      study the drug treatment of acute attacks of migraine. One group of 20 patients
      was treated with oral doses of 100 mg flupirtine maleate and another group of 20
      patients with doses of 1 g paracetamol. In all cases, doses were taken as
      required up to a maximum of 4 doses per day for 5 days. The total consumption of
      analgesics was very similar in the two groups (flupirtine group 6.65 +/- 1.14
      doses, paracetamol group 6.85 +/- 1.05 doses), as was the incidence of nausea
      and/or vomiting on each day of the attack. Despite an initial pain level on the
      first day of the migraine attack which was significantly higher in the flupirtine
      group, there were trends for flupirtine patients to show subsequently lower pain
      scores and to suffer less restriction of working ability and confinement to bed.
      Symptoms and possible side-effects were minor and infrequent in both treatment
      groups. Four symptoms were reported by 4 patients during flupirtine treatment and
      7 symptoms by 5 patients during paracetamol treatment.

PMID- 6389015
TI  - Diseases of hairy skin.

PMID- 6389016
TI  - Laboratory and experimental trichology.

PMID- 6389017
TI  - The effects of ionizing radiation, microwaves, and ultrasound on the developing
      embryo: clinical interpretations and applications of the data.
AB  - The term "radiation" evokes emotional responses both from lay individuals and
      from professionals. Many spokespersons are unfamiliar with radiation biology or
      the quantitative nature of the risks. Frequently, microwave, ultrasound, and
      ionizing radiation risks are confused. Although it is impossible to prove no risk
      for any environmental hazard, it appears that exposure to microwave radiation
      below the maximal permissible levels present no measurable risk to the embryo.
      Ultrasound exposure from diagnostic ultrasonographic imaging equipment also is
      quite innocuous. It is true that continued surveillance and research into
      potential risks of these low-level exposures should continue, but at present
      ultrasound not only improves obstetric care but also reduces the necessity of
      diagnostic x-ray procedure. In the field of ionizing radiation, we have as good a
      comprehension of the biologic effects and the quantitative maximum risks as of
      any other environmental hazard. Although the animal and human data support the
      conclusion that no increases in the incidence of gross congenital malformations,
      intrauterine growth retardation, or abortion will occur with exposures below 5
      rad, that does not mean that there are definitely no risks to the embryo exposed
      to lower doses of radiation. Whether there exists a linear or exponential dose
      response relationship or a threshold exposure for genetic, carcinogenic, cell
      depleting, and life-shortening effects has not been determined. In establishing
      maximum permissible levels for the embryo at low exposures, we use the
      information in Tables 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, and 14. It is obvious that the risks of 1
      rad or 5-rad acute exposure are far below the spontaneous risks of the developing
      embryo, since 15% of human embryos abort, 2.7%-3.0% of human embryos have major
      malformations, 4% have intrauterine growth retardation, and 8%-10% have early- or
      late-onset genetic disease. The maximum risk attributed to a 1-rad exposure,
      approximately 0.003%, is thousands of times smaller than the spontaneous risks of
      malformations, abortion, or genetic disease (see Table 10). Thus, the present
      maximum permissible occupational exposures of 0.5 rem for pregnant women and 5
      rem for medical exposure are extremely conservative. Medically indicated
      diagnostic roentgenograms are appropriate for pregnant women, and there is no
      medical justification for terminating a pregnancy in women exposed to 5 rad or
      less because of a radiation exposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6389018
TI  - Small bowel diseases: diagnosis using radiographic pattern analysis.

PMID- 6389019
TI  - The cervical spine in childhood.

PMID- 6389020
TI  - Equilibrium kinetic studies of enzyme mechanism and control.

PMID- 6389021
TI  - Kinetics of tryptophanase inactivation/activation by sudden removal/addition of
      potassium ions with the aid of a crown ether or cryptand.

PMID- 6389022
TI  - Structure and multistep activation of the precursors of peptides from honeybee
      venom glands and frog skin.

PMID- 6389023
TI  - Contribution of subunit interactions to the effectiveness of catalysis by
      succinyl coenzyme A synthetase.

PMID- 6389024
TI  - Morphogenesis of a complex organ: vertebrate palate development.

PMID- 6389025
TI  - Morphological, cellular, and biochemical aspects of differentiation of normal and
      teratogen-treated palate in hamster and chick embryos.

PMID- 6389026
TI  - Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during vertebrate palatogenesis.

PMID- 6389027
TI  - Genetics of palate development.
AB  - We are beginning to see a tantalizing picture by looking into the "genetic
      window" on the teratogenesis of cortisone-induced cleft palate and on normal
      palate development. We must continue to open this window. So far, all strains of
      mice that have been treated with cortisone do react with induced cleft palate
      and, from their dose-response behaviors, they appear to react in the same way. It
      is tempting to conclude that dosage tolerance is the only genetic variation in
      the reaction. We do not attach any significance to this because we must emphasize
      the fact that these different strains represent an insignificant sample of the
      hundreds of genetically different, recognized strains of the mouse. We have
      emphasized previously that systematic strain surveys must become an active part
      of teratological genetics in order to obtain an approximation of how much genetic
      variation exists in a trait in the species (e.g., Biddle, 1981). Now, we need to
      go beyond strain surveys. Crosses between strains must become part of this
      activity. Dominance appears to be a property of the homeostatic model of palate
      development as far as the cortisone probe is concerned, but it may not be a
      universal property. The significance of dominance and the architecture of gene
      action can only be interpreted by exploring more strain pairs in the mouse. A
      study of two or three or four strains is simply inadequate. From the crosses
      between a limited number of strains, major genetic factors in cortisone
      reactivity have been identified. These major genetic factors may regulate the
      homeostatic model of palate development, but we do not know this for a fact. The
      identification of major genetic factors has moved us to a new horizon; we can
      move now from a purely descriptive biology to a study of the functional biology
      of the process of palate development. This move will require not only the
      molecular probes with which to walk along the specific chromosomes to the major
      genetic factors but also a library of fully characterized strains of the mouse in
      which to use these probes. The library of strains that have been genetically
      characterized for the cleft palate reaction is missing.

PMID- 6389028
TI  - The H-2 genetic complex, dexamethasone-induced cleft palate, and other
      craniofacial anomalies.

PMID- 6389029
TI  - Biochemical mechanism of glucocorticoid-and phenytoin-induced cleft palate.
AB  - The production of cleft palate by glucocorticoids and phenytoin is a complicated
      interference in a complex developmental program involving many genetic and
      biochemical processes. The H-2 histocompatibility region includes genes which
      affect (1) susceptibility to glucocorticoid- and phenytoin-induced cleft palate;
      (2) glucocorticoid receptor level in a variety of tissues including maternal and
      embryonic palates, adult thymuses, and lungs; and (3) the degree of inhibition of
      prostaglandin and thromboxane production by glucocorticoids and phenytoin in
      thymocytes. A gene linked to a minor histocompatibility locus (H-3) on the second
      chromosome also influences susceptibility to glucocorticoid- and phenytoin
      induced cleft palate. Phenytoin is an alternate ligand for the glucocorticoid
      receptor affecting prostaglandin and/or thromboxane production. The capacity of
      glucocorticoids to induce cleft palate is correlated with their anti-inflammatory
      potency. At least some of the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids can be
      explained by the inhibition of prostaglandin and/or thromboxane release, which in
      turn could be caused by inhibition of arachidonic acid release from
      phospholipids. Similar mechanisms may be involved in cleft palate induction, as
      exogenous arachidonic acid injected into pregnant rats and mice at the same time
      as glucocorticoids reduces the teratogenic potency of the steroids, and
      indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, blocks the corrective action of
      arachidonic acid. Glucocorticoids and phenytoin cause a delay in shelf elevation,
      and this delay is promoted by fetal membranes and the tongue. However, the cells
      of the medial edge epithelium are programmed to die whether contact is made with
      the apposing shelf or not. Glucocorticoids and phenytoin interfere with this
      programmed cell death, and this interference by both drugs seems to be
      glucocorticoid receptor mediated, to require protein synthesis, and to be related
      to arachidonic acid release.

PMID- 6389030
TI  - Thickness of basal cell epithelioma measured preoperatively by ultrasonography.
AB  - A new approach to the diagnosis and measurement of the thickness of basal cell
      epithelioma (BCE) by ultrasonography is described. The advantages and efficacy of
      the new technique are presented.

PMID- 6389031
TI  - Cold air as a bronchial provocation technique. Reproducibility and comparison
      with histamine and methacholine inhalation.
AB  - Bronchial provocation testing with cold air was carried out on 36 asthmatic and
      13 normal subjects in order to assess the reproducibility and clinical relevance
      of the technique as a test of airways reactivity. Sixteen subjects underwent
      repeat testing after an interval of two to three weeks. Using a least squares
      linear regression analysis, the technique was highly reproducible, with a
      correlation of r = 0.93 (p less than 0.001). The 21 asthmatic subjects who had
      exercise-provoked symptoms required a significantly lower level of ventilation of
      cold air to produce a 35 percent drop in specific airways conductance (PD35) than
      did those who had no exercise-induced asthma (33.9 L min-1 vs 45.8 L min-1; p
      less than 0.02). Subjects requiring no regular treatment for their asthma had a
      geometric mean PD35 of 62.6 L min-1, significantly higher than those requiring
      inhaled therapy (44.9 L min-1; p less than 0.005). Subjects requiring oral in
      addition to inhaled treatment had the lowest PD35 (23.6 L min-1; p less than
      0.02). Atopic status did not appear to influence the response. There was a strong
      correlation between the PD35 to cold air and to histamine (r = 0.92; p less than
      0.001) and between the PD35 to cold air and to methacholine (r = 0.86; p less
      than 0.001). The three techniques of assessing bronchial reactivity were equally
      successful in separating the normal and asthmatic groups. The results indicate
      that cold air provocation may be reliably and reproducibly used to assess
      bronchial reactivity. The use of a naturally-occurring stimulus of asthma in all
      subjects has great potential as an investigational technique.

PMID- 6389032
TI  - Nasal CPAP effect on patterns of sleep apnea.
AB  - To evaluate the effect of continuous positive airway pressure via nasal mask
      (nasal CPAP) on occlusive, mixed, and central apneas (OA, MA, and CA,
      respectively), we performed nocturnal polysomnography without and with nasal CPAP
      on 21 patients with sleep apnea. Three patients were unable to tolerate nasal
      CPAP. The remaining 18 patients had significant reductions in the overall apnea
      frequency when using nasal CPAP (52.9 +/- 5 per hour slept vs 3.3 +/- 1 per hour
      slept, mean +/- SE, p less than 0.001). The use of nasal CPAP significantly
      reduced the frequency of OAs during both nonrapid eye movement (non-REM) and REM
      sleep (p less than 0.001). It also reduced the frequency of MAs during both non
      REM and REM sleep (p less than 0.05). Nasal CPAP did not increase the frequency
      of CAs in patients who had MAs when sleeping without nasal CPAP indicating that
      both the "central" and obstructive portions of MA were eliminated. In those
      patients who had CAs while sleeping without nasal CPAP, the CA frequency was
      unchanged by nasal CPAP although there was a good deal of interindividual
      variability. We conclude that nasal CPAP is well tolerated and effective in
      reducing the frequency of OAs and MAs. The variability of the response of CA to
      nasal CPAP suggests that the pathogenesis of CA may not be homogeneous.

PMID- 6389033
TI  - Reducing tuberculosis detection costs.
AB  - Use of sputum culture for diagnosis of tuberculosis is an inefficient detection
      technique in a disease of declining prevalence. We found such testing at our 400
      bed acute care hospital resulted in less than 2 percent positive when done with
      prior patient screening. In an effort to minimize detection costs, restrictions
      requiring that a tuberculin skin test and chest roentgenogram be performed prior
      to processing the MTB culture were instituted. This resulted in 672 fewer
      cultures being processed in the trial year, a significant (44 percent) reduction
      compared to the prior year. At $50.00 per culture, this represents an annual
      savings of more than $30,000.

PMID- 6389034
TI  - Aerosol formulations of terbutaline and isoproterenol in theophylline-stabilized
      asthmatic patients.
AB  - A metered-dose aerosol formulation of terbutaline sulfate (Brethaire), 0.400 mg
      four times daily, was compared with an identical formulation of isoproterenol
      sulfate, 0.150 mg four times daily, in a parallel, double-blind, clinical study
      completed by 40 adult patients with asthma. All patients had been stabilized on
      theophylline (serum levels of 10 to 20 micrograms/ml). The effectiveness of
      isoproterenol peaked between 5 and 15 minutes after administration. The
      effectiveness of terbutaline peaked between 5 and 120 minutes after
      administration. In each of five visits spaced over a three-month period, patients
      receiving terbutaline showed a longer duration of bronchodilatory effect than
      those receiving isoproterenol, with the greatest difference occurring at 60 and
      120 minutes after drug administration.

PMID- 6389035
TI  - Dorsal cyst malformations. Part I. Clinical study and critical review on the
      definition of holoprosencephaly.
AB  - Among the cerebral malformations accompanying cystic cavity in the dorsal
      midline, common radiological findings of galenic dysgenesis are found in 10
      cases, which are now reported as dorsal cyst malformations. The authors
      classified dorsal cyst malformations into prosencephalic, interhemispheric, and
      porencephalic types according to clinical, radiological, and presumed
      pathogenetic characteristics. In contrast to recent trends that most of cerebral
      malformations with dorsal midline dysgenesis are included in the
      holoprosencephalic category, the authors emphasize that these interhemispheric
      and porencephalic types of dorsal cyst malformations, though presenting
      interhemispheric cyst with callosal defect or broad communication between the
      lateral ventricles, should be separated from holoprosencephaly, because they are
      completely hemispheric.

PMID- 6389036
TI  - [Operation for recurrence after surgery of inguinal and femoral hernia].

PMID- 6389037
TI  - [Renal vein prosthesis in kidney transplantation].

PMID- 6389038
TI  - The bladder stone of the Emperor Napoleon III.

PMID- 6389039
TI  - [Skin grafts in equine and canine veterinary clinical practice].

PMID- 6389040
TI  - [Adjuvant immunotherapy with polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid (Poly A.Poly U) in
      operable cancer of the breast. Recent results of a controlled therapeutic trial].

PMID- 6389041
TI  - Functional organization of the basal ganglia: contributions of single-cell
      recording studies.
AB  - Studies of single-cell discharge in the basal ganglia of behaving primates have
      revealed: characteristic patterns of spontaneous discharge in the striatum,
      external (GPe) and internal (GPi) globus pallidus, pars reticulata and pars
      compacta of the substantia nigra, and the subthalamic nucleus (STN); phasic
      changes in neural discharge in relation to movements of specific body parts (e.g.
      leg, arm, neck, face); short-latency (sensory) neural responses to passive joint
      rotation; a somatotopic organization of movement-related neurons in GPe, GPi, and
      STN; a clustering of functionally similar neurons in the putamen and globus
      pallidus; greater representation of the proximal than of the distal portion of
      the limb; changes in neural activity in reaction-time tasks, suggesting a greater
      role of the basal ganglia in the execution than in the initiation of movement in
      this paradigm; a clear relation of neuronal activity to direction, amplitude
      (?velocity) of movement, and force; a preferential relation of neural activity to
      the direction of movement, rather than to the pattern of muscular activity. Some
      of these findings suggest that the basal ganglia may play a role in the control
      of movement parameters rather than (or independent of) the pattern of muscular
      activity. Loss of basal ganglia output related to amplitude may account for the
      bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease. The presence of somatotopic organization in
      the putamen and globus pallidus, together with known topographic striopallidal
      connections, suggests that segregated, parallel cortico-subcortical loops
      subserve 'motor' and 'complex' functions.

PMID- 6389042
TI  - Basal ganglia outputs and motor control.
AB  - Several lines of evidence suggest that the role of the basal ganglia in motor
      control is of a higher order than control of movements per se. First the striatum
      receives inputs from cortical areas that subserve mnemonic and other cognitive
      processes. Furthermore, the supplementary motor area (a zone that receives
      outputs from the globus pallidus via thalamus) exhibits changes in neuronal
      discharge and metabolic activity during movement planning as well as during
      movement. It is possible that this activity reflects its pallidal inputs. In
      addition, cells in another part of the basal ganglia, the pars reticulata of the
      substantia nigra, exhibit activity that reflects mnemonic as well as oculomotor
      and visual processes. Finally, there are striatal neurons that respond to stimuli
      when these stimuli trigger movement but not when responses to the stimuli are
      extinguished. Taken collectively, these observations are consistent with the view
      that the basal ganglia may provide an interface between motor centres and
      cortical areas for higher brain function.

PMID- 6389043
TI  - Lytic potency against various mycobacterial strains of the phage isolated from
      Mycobacterium leprae murium "Douglas".
AB  - The lytic potency of a newly isolated phage Al-1 obtained from the laboratory
      strain M. leprae murium "Douglas" was examined. The phage was multiplied on the
      laboratory strain M. smegmatis ATCC 607 and for the lytic test 0.1 ml of
      suspension containing PFU 10(5) was used. In the whole 18 mycobacterial strains
      both slowly and fast growing multiplied in liquid Sula's medium were tested. For
      phage lytic tests two simple agar media and standard Redmond's medium RVA-24 were
      used. The examined slowly growing mycobacteria (H37Rv. M. bovis "Ravenel", M.
      avium "Kirchberg", M. kansasii "Svizensky", M. tbc INH resist., M. tbc INH, STM,
      PAS resist.) were resistant to the tested phage similarly as M. phlei from the
      group of fast growing strains. The results of phage tests on all three used media
      were characterized by a confluent phage lysis with the exception of the strain M.
      butyricum "Rabinovic", in which even on a very rich media an incomplete lysis
      with countable plaques was found out. The use of the phage Al-1 for the phage
      typification also of the strain M. leprae murium is considered on the basis of
      the inhibition growth tests on Ogawa's egg media.

PMID- 6389044
TI  - Isolation of mycobacterial phage from the laboratory strain Mycobacterium leprae
      murium "Douglas".
AB  - The colony microstructure of the laboratory strain Mycobacterium leprae murium
      "Douglas" cultivated on Ogawa's egg medium was examined. A bioptical sample from
      the liver of a white mouse subcutaneously infected and observed for ten months
      was used as inoculum. The inoculum contained 5.2 X 10(9) acidfast rods. The
      Ogawa's media were incubated in 5% atmosphere of CO2 at 33 degrees C to 37
      degrees C for 6 to 10 months. The outgrown colonies were killed with a formol
      solution, then embedded into the agarparaffin and cut out with the aid of
      Reichert's microtom. In thin sections there was an apparent vacuolisation of
      colonies proving the presence of the temperate phage, which was isolated from the
      bacterial suspension inoculated on the host non lysogenic strain Mycobacterium
      smegmatis ATCC 607. On the simple agar medium N-4 the number of 2.4 X 10(9)
      living particles was achieved, which shows the possible use of this phage for
      differential diagnostic purposes in the taxonomy studies of mycobacteria.

PMID- 6389045
TI  - Celebrities of Czechoslovak medicine. 25th anniversary of the death of
      academician Divis.

PMID- 6389046
TI  - The healing of single- and double-row stapled circular anastomoses.
AB  - The healing of anastomoses performed by single- or double-row circular stapling
      instruments is analyzed in the dog colon. Mucosal healing is better in single-row
      stapled anastomoses. Apposition of the outer intestinal layers is superior in
      double-row stapled anastomoses. Bursting pressure and circular wall tension
      values are identical in both anastomotic types except at 24 hours after surgery
      when the strength of a double-row stapled anastomosis is superior. A cost-benefit
      analysis is still in favor of single-row circular instruments. In our opinion,
      adequate preoperative bowel preparation and a thorough surgical technique, when
      preparing the cut edges to be anastomosed and placing purse-string sutures, are
      infinitely more important than making a choice between single- or double-row
      stapling machines.

PMID- 6389047
TI  - Overlapping sphincteroplasty for acquired anal incontinence.
AB  - When defects of the anal sphincter are caused by trauma, surgical correction can
      be successful even in long-standing cases. At the University of Minnesota, we
      used overlapping sphincteroplasty in 79 patients with fecal incontinence from
      1952 to 1982. There were 62 women and 17 men. Ages ranged from 17 to 68 years.
      Incontinence had been present from three weeks to 40 years and had been caused by
      childbirth, previous anorectal surgery, trauma or rectal prolapse. Following
      overlapping sphincteroplasty, there was one postoperative death and 13
      complications. Complications included temporary difficulty in voiding, excessive
      bleeding, abscess formation, fecal impaction, and hematoma. Seventy-six of the 78
      surviving patients were followed for an average of 35 months. Results ranged from
      excellent to poor with only one failure. From our experience it was concluded
      that several factors were important for good surgical results. 1) The patient
      must have intact neuromuscular bundle with detectable voluntary sphincter
      contraction. 2) If a primary repair has failed, a minimum duration of three
      months should elapse before overlapping sphincteroplasty is attempted. 3) Scar
      tissue from the severed muscles should not be excised. 4) The internal and
      external sphincter muscles should not be separated. 5) A temporary concomitant
      colostomy is not necessary.

PMID- 6389048
TI  - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. William Stewart Halsted 1852
      1922. Circular suture of the intestine--an experimental study.

PMID- 6389049
TI  - The healing process of anastomoses of the colon. A comparative study using
      single, double-layer or stapled anastomosis.
AB  - In spite of modern suture materials and different techniques in colonic
      anastomoses after resection, leakage is still the most feared complication in
      colonic surgery. In female pigs of Swedish land breed, standardized 5-cm long
      colonic resection was performed 10 cm above the peritoneal deflection, using
      either a single layer of Gambee-stitches (n = 6, Vicryl 4-0), two-layer
      interrupted stitches (n = 6, Vicryl 4-0) or the intraluminal stapling device (n =
      6, ILS Ethicon). After one week, the animals were sacrificed and an anastomotic
      index was calculated using in vitro x-ray. Also, anastomotic circulation
      (calculated by the microsphere technique), breaking strength, and histologic
      evaluation were performed. All animals survived and no leakage was observed. The
      time to perform the anastomosis was significantly shorter (P less than 0.05) for
      the stapling device compared with the manual techniques used. The anastomotic
      index was lower (P less than 0.05) for two rows (0.24) compared with Gambee
      stitches (0.38) or stapler anastomoses (0.37). There were no differences in blood
      flow among the three groups and no differences in breaking strength. Macroscopic
      investigation revealed mucosal defects in two of the stapled anastomoses and
      histologic investigation showed small areas of necrosis. The stapling device did
      not induce any inflammatory reaction. On the other hand, a severe inflammatory
      reaction was seen when using conventional suture materials. In conclusion, this
      study shows that a single row of Gambee-stitches is equal to the ILS stapling
      device when performing colonic anastomoses and these two methods seem to be
      superior to the two-layer technique.

PMID- 6389050
TI  - The healing process in high and low anterior resection of the rectum. A
      comparative study in the pig, using stapling devices.
AB  - The reason for the higher leakage frequency after low anterior resection compared
      with high resection is unexplained. With the development of stapling devices, we
      have a unique opportunity to investigate anastomotic healing during standardized
      conditions. In female pigs, six in each group, a high anterior resection was
      performed by resection of a 5-cm colon segment, 10 cm above the peritoneal fold,
      and low anterior resection was performed after resection of a 5-cm segment at the
      peritoneal fold and downward. Differences in healing parameters, i.e., blood
      flow, breaking strength, and radiologic and histologic appearance between low and
      high anterior resection, were evaluated. Two leakages occurred after low and none
      after high anterior resection. The anastomotic index was 0.37 (high) and 0.26
      (low) (P less than 0.05). The breaking strength was higher in low resections;
      this might be due to the thicker wall. There were no differences in blood
      circulation between high and low anastomoses, but the blood flow was
      significantly higher in the anastomotic area in both groups. This is probably due
      to the inflammatory reaction taking place in the healing anastomoses. This study,
      performed in a standardized fashion with a stapler adjusted to wall thickness and
      size of the intestine, cannot, on the basis of microcirculation, explain why
      leakage is more common in lower anastomoses.

PMID- 6389051
TI  - The effect of inadvertent intraoperative perforation on survival and recurrence
      in colorectal cancer.
AB  - Inadvertent perforation of the bowel during curative resection for colorectal
      cancer has serious consequences. In 174 curative resections with spillage, five
      year survival was 29 per cent. In 67 patients where the cancer itself was
      disrupted during dissection, five-year survival fell to 14 per cent in the colon
      and to 9.3 per cent in the rectum. Local recurrence developed in 65 per cent of
      spillage cases. In Dukes' C tumors that were perforated during surgery, local
      recurrence occurred in 87 per cent. As surgeons, our efforts must be directed
      toward preventing injury to the bowel during definitive resection of colorectal
      cancers. The instillation of tumoricidal solutions within the bowel lumen and the
      application of bowel ligatures prior to dissection may help toward preventing
      recurrence, should inadvertent perforation and spillage occur.

PMID- 6389052
TI  - Coexisting primary malignant lymphoma and adenocarcinoma of the large intestine
      in an IgA-deficient boy.
AB  - This is a case report of an IgA-deficient adolescent male (14 years old)
      presenting with coexisting adenocarcinoma and adenomatous polyp of the
      rectosigmoid, and a primary lymphoma of the cecum (large-cell, histiocytic type).
      A 14-year-old sister of the patient had died of gastric carcinoma. Her serum
      immunoglobulins were not measured. The literature regarding the coexisting
      primary malignant lymphoma and adenocarcinoma of the colon, as well as neoplasia
      associated with IgA deficiency, is reviewed and pertinent literature discussed.

PMID- 6389054
TI  - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. William Stewart Halsted 1852
      1922. Circular suture of the intestine--an experimental study.

PMID- 6389053
TI  - Adjuvant radiation therapy for rectal adenocarcinoma.
AB  - Adjuvant pelvic radiation is intended to reduce the incidence of pelvic tumor
      recurrence and improve the survival rates of patients who have "curative"
      resections for adenocarcinoma of the rectum. The results of trials of
      preoperative radiation of up to 2500 cGy in two weeks have been disappointing.
      However, studies with preoperative or postoperative radiation doses of 4500 cGy
      in five weeks or more suggest that the risk of pelvic recurrence can be reduced
      to 15 per cent or less, although follow-up in most studies is too brief to allow
      any comment on changes in survival rates. These promising results need to be
      confirmed, since most were not obtained in appropriately controlled studies.
      Although these higher radiation doses do appear to be safe when attention is paid
      to surgical and radiotherapy techniques, this also needs to be confirmed with
      larger numbers of patients and longer follow-up. While the studies suggest that
      higher radiation doses are more effective than lower doses, there is no agreement
      on whether radiation should be directed to the region of the primary tumor only,
      or also to the pelvic lymph nodes, nor whether radiation should be given before
      or after surgery. Although the use of adjuvant pelvic radiation is becoming more
      widespread, these and other questions need to be answered before adjuvant
      radiation can be considered standard therapy.

PMID- 6389055
TI  - Comparison of tritiated thymidine and metaphase arrest techniques of measuring
      cell production in rat intestine.
AB  - Measurements of intestinal cell production at several sites throughout the
      gastrointestinal tract were compared using two different methods, namely
      tritiated thymidine to determine the uptake of tritium per unit weight of tissue
      (dpm/mg) and per microdissected intestinal crypt or stomach gland (dpm/crypt or
      gland) and the metaphase arrest technique, in the same group of rats. The
      metaphase arrest technique was employed to determine the crypt cell production
      rate per hour (CCPR). The dpm/crypt or gland of tritiated thymidine-derived
      tritium in microdissected intestinal crypts or stomach glands showed a good
      linear correlation (r = 0.93) with CCPR which extrapolated through the origin.
      The dpm/mg wet weight of tissue showed a good linear correlation with CCPR (r =
      0.87) and dpm/crypt (r = 0.97); however, neither of these relationships
      extrapolated through the origin. Instead there was a positive intercept of dpm/mg
      tissue which represented about 25-30% of the maximal tritium content of the
      intestine. This radioactivity in tissue had no counterpart in the crypts or
      glands and presumably reflected unbound tritium and tritium in cells which were
      located outside the epithelial compartment. The good linear correlation (r =
      0.93) between dpm/crypt and CCPR extended to the intestine of transected and 75%
      small bowel resected rats. Subsequent analysis of the times recorded for these
      procedures showed that determination of CCPR was faster by at least 25% than
      measurement of dpm/crypt. In conclusion, dpm/crypt but not dpm/mg tissue gave a
      valid estimate of intestinal cell production equivalent to measurement of
      CCPR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6389056
TI  - Influence of physical training on blood glucose control, glucose tolerance,
      insulin secretion, and insulin action in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients.
AB  - This study has been designed to investigate, in five non-insulin-dependent
      diabetic patients, the influence of physical training (1 h a day, 7 days a wk for
      6 wk, at 50-60% maximum oxygen uptake) on blood glucose control, glucose
      tolerance, insulin secretion, and insulin action. Physical training resulted in a
      significant improvement in blood glucose control, glucose tolerance, and insulin
      action. These results suggest that short-term intense physical training
      ameliorates the main metabolic derangements of non-insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus.

PMID- 6389057
TI  - Improvement of glucose homeostasis after exercise training in non-insulin
      dependent diabetes.
AB  - Six obese patients with recent-onset, non-insulin-dependent diabetes underwent
      assessment of glucose tolerance, insulin secretory capacity, and insulin-induced
      glucose disposal before and after 6-10 wk of intensive aerobic training while
      maintaining body weight. Fasting plasma glucose declined in every subject
      (average = -33 mg/dl), and oral glucose tolerance (3 h integrated plasma glucose)
      improved in five of the six (average = -74 mg X 3 h/dl) after training.
      Individual improvement in control of plasma glucose was directly proportional to
      degree of hyperglycemia before training and correlated well with an observed
      improvement in the early (30-min) plasma insulin response to oral glucose (all
      six subjects). The response of insulin action to training was highly variable;
      although the observed increase in average insulin-induced glucose disposal rate
      (M) during the euglycemic clamp did not reach statistical significance in our
      small cohort, the relative change in M was directly related to reduction in
      fasting insulin levels after training. Our results show that regular endurance
      exercise is effective in improving glucose homeostasis and may serve as an
      adjunct to other modes of treatment in recent-onset, non-insulin-dependent
      diabetic individuals.

PMID- 6389058
TI  - Significance of spontaneous ketonuria and serum C-peptide levels in obese type II
      diabetic patients.
AB  - Patients with type II diabetes mellitus (type II DM patients) are
      characteristically obese, hyperinsulinemic, and non-ketosis prone. Recently, we
      have encountered several obese type II DM patients with either diabetic
      ketoacidosis or significant ketonuria after insulin withdrawal. There was no
      evidence of infection, stress, or starvation to explain their ketonuria.
      Therefore, we assessed serum connecting peptide (C-peptide) response to oral
      glucose in 14 obese, insulin-treated type II DM patients: 6 with and 8 without
      episodes of spontaneous ketonuria. The group presenting with ketonuria had low to
      absent basal and stimulated serum C-peptide responses. The nonketonuric group had
      higher basal C-peptide (P less than 0.01) concentrations that increased
      significantly (P less than 0.001) after oral glucose compared with those of the
      ketonuric group. Clinical characteristics and biochemical control were similar in
      both groups. Our findings confirm that obese type II diabetes mellitus is a
      heterogeneous disease with variable fasting and stimulated C-peptide responses.
      Spontaneous ketonuria could be a feature in the clinical presentation of the
      patients especially in the presence of both low fasting and stimulated C-peptide
      levels. The significance of these findings is unclear but suggests
      individualization in the management of type II DM patients and cautious
      withdrawal of insulin therapy in such patients. Furthermore, serum C-peptide
      levels alone cannot be recommended to classify patients into either type I or
      type II diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6389059
TI  - Improvement in metabolic control in diabetic adolescents by the use of increased
      insulin dose.
AB  - Ten diabetic adolescents who had poor blood glucose control during the preceding
      year were recruited into a crossover insulin dosage study. Diabetic control was
      assessed on two insulin dosage regimens; either 1.0 U/kg/day ("limited dosage")
      or 1.4 U/kg/day ("increased dosage"). The study had a 1-mo run-in period followed
      by two treatment periods each of 3-mo duration. Improvement in control occurred
      during "increased" insulin dosage with reduction of glycosylated hemoglobin
      levels (P less than 0.001), self-monitored blood glucose levels (P less than
      0.001), and 24-h urine glucose excretion (P less than 0.01). Overnight studies
      did not reveal hypoglycemia (blood glucose less than 2 mmol/L) in either group,
      but improved overnight glucose profiles were demonstrated on the "increased"
      dosage and were associated with higher free insulin levels. The study supports
      the case for a higher maximal insulin dosage than commonly recommended during
      adolescence.

PMID- 6389060
TI  - Effect of protein ingestion on the glucose and insulin response to a standardized
      oral glucose load.
AB  - Type II diabetic subjects were given 50 g protein, 50 g glucose, or 50 g glucose
      with 50 g protein as a single meal in random sequence. The plasma glucose and
      insulin response was determined over the subsequent 5 h. The plasma glucose area
      above the baseline following a glucose meal was reduced 34% when protein was
      given with the glucose. When protein was given alone, the glucose concentration
      remained stable for 2 h and then declined. The insulin area following glucose was
      only modestly greater than with a protein meal (97 +/- 35, 83 +/- 19 microU X
      h/ml, respectively). When glucose was given with protein, the mean insulin area
      was considerably greater than when glucose or protein was given alone (247 +/- 33
      microU X h/ml). When various amounts of protein were given with 50 g glucose, the
      insulin area response was essentially first order. Subsequently, subjects were
      given 50 g glucose or 50 g glucose with 50 g protein as two meals 4 h apart in
      random sequence. The insulin areas were not significantly different for each meal
      but were higher when protein + glucose was given. After the second glucose meal
      the plasma glucose area was 33% less than after the first meal. Following the
      second glucose + protein meal the plasma glucose area was markedly reduced, being
      only 7% as large as after the first meal. These data indicate that protein given
      with glucose will increase insulin secretion and reduce the plasma glucose rise
      in at least some type II diabetic persons.

PMID- 6389062
TI  - Diabetic lipohypertrophy delays insulin absorption.
AB  - The effect of lipohypertrophy at injection sites on insulin absorption has been
      studied in 12 insulin-dependent diabetic patients. The clearance of 125I-insulin
      from sites with lipohypertrophy was significantly slower than from complementary
      nonhypertrophied sites (% clearance in 3 h, 43.8 +/- 3.5 +/- SEM) control; 35.3
      +/- 3.9 lipohypertrophy, P less than 0.05). The degree of the effect was variable
      but sufficient in several patients to be of clinical importance. Injection-site
      lipohypertrophy is another factor that modifies the absorption of subcutaneously
      injected insulin.

PMID- 6389061
TI  - Decreased serum C-peptide/insulin molar ratios after oral glucose ingestion in
      hyperthyroid patients.
AB  - Since C-peptide/immunoreactive insulin (IRI) molar ratios may reflect hepatic
      extraction of insulin, we measured simultaneous serum glucose, IRI, and C-peptide
      levels during fasting and 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min after 75 g of oral glucose
      in 10 hyperthyroid patients and 10 age- and weight-matched controls. Mean fasting
      serum glucose and IRI levels were significantly higher in the hyperthyroid versus
      control subjects (glucose: 4.9 +/- 0.3 mmol/L versus 4.36 +/- 0.11 mmol/L, P less
      than 0.01; IRI: 0.10 +/- 0.02 pmol/ml versus 0.05 +/- 0.01 pmol/ml; P less than
      0.025). After glucose, mean serum glucose levels were significantly higher in the
      hyperthyroid versus control subjects at all times studied except for 180 min (P
      less than 0.01). Mean IRI levels were significantly higher at all times studied
      including 180 min (P less than 0.01). Mean fasting C-peptide levels were
      significantly greater in the hyperthyroid patients compared with the controls
      (1.2 +/- 0.25 pmol/ml versus 0.62 +/- 0.09 pmol/ml; P less than 0.025). After
      oral glucose, mean C-peptide levels were significantly higher (P less than 0.025)
      in the hyperthyroid compared with control subjects at 30-60 min but not at 90-180
      min. Molar ratios of C-peptide/IRI were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in
      the hyperthyroid versus control subjects at all times studied except fasting. In
      summary, glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinism occur in hyperthyroidism. In
      addition, C-peptide/IRI molar ratios are reduced after oral glucose ingestion.

PMID- 6389063
TI  - Loading gauge safety.

PMID- 6389064
TI  - Relaxation techniques for pain relief after open heart surgery.

PMID- 6389065
TI  - An internist looks at the fundus oculi.
AB  - The ophthalmoscope is the only convenient device permitting the in vivo
      inspection of both neural tissue and the arterial and venous blood columns within
      the retinal vessels. Many findings of little interest to ophthalmologists are,
      when integrated into the total clinical examination, of great use to internists
      during the process of making a specific diagnosis. Even after the diagnosis has
      been made, some ophthalmoscopic signs are uniquely useful in evaluating the
      chronicity, severity, prognosis, and/or the vasculopathic effects of the disease.

PMID- 6389066
TI  - Mechanism controlling the renal excretion of xenobiotics in fish: effects of
      chemical structure.

PMID- 6389067
TI  - The adult respiratory distress syndrome.
AB  - The adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common form of acute
      respiratory failure that has been increasingly reported as associated with a wide
      variety of medical conditions. Unlike other identifiable pathological events
      causing severe lung injury, it is now recognized that ARDS is not a single
      disease, but a complex interaction of pathophysiological events that result in
      diffuse injury to lung parenchyma. Only through a thorough understanding of ARDS
      pathophysiology, pathogenesis, and clinical course can medical intervention be
      instituted in a judicious and timely manner. This review article is intended to
      provide an overview of the suspected precipitating causes, discrete
      pathophysiologic changes, and monitorable clinical events associated with ARDS.
      With mortality from ARDS high, significant attention is being given to improving
      therapeutic intervention with such conventional measures as mechanical
      ventilation, positive end-expiratory pressure, and fluid management, along with
      corticosteroids and several new experimental pharmacologic approaches.

PMID- 6389069
TI  - [Gallbladder contractility, cholelithiasis and autonomic neuropathy in diabetes
      mellitus].
AB  - Decrease in gall-bladder surface area, as obtained by ultrasound, was measured in
      52 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes (27 with and 25 without autonomic
      neuropathy) 60 minutes after administration of the bile stimulant Biloptin. The
      post-stimulation area was 33 +/- 6% of initial value in patients with autonomic
      neuropathy, and 67 +/- 8% (P less than 0.0005) in those without autonomic
      neuropathy. Comparison with insulin-dependent chronic diabetics matched for sex,
      age and duration of illness, demonstrated that heart-rate variability in
      cholelithiasis was less than in the control subjects (P less than 0.05). It is
      concluded that autonomic neuropathy, measured by the occurrence of spontaneous
      vagotomy, in insulin-dependent diabetics is an important risk factor in the
      overall pathogenesis of cholelithiasis.

PMID- 6389068
TI  - Dipyridamole: a critical evaluation.
AB  - Dipyridamol is a vasodilator that is used primarily in clinical practice as an
      antiplatelet agent. It increases coronary blood flow and was originally
      introduced as an antianginal agent. An ability to prolong a shortened platelet
      survival has been used to justify its value in preventing thromboembolic
      complications. Conditions characterized by a reduction in platelet survival and
      where dipyridamole has been used include heart valve replacement, arterial
      grafting, cerebrovascular disorders, and disorders of peripheral circulation. The
      in vivo effect of dipyridamole on platelet aggregation has not been well defined
      and may depend on additional factors. Prostaglandins appear to have important
      roles in platelet homeostasis; their relationships to the action of dipyridamole
      are discussed. Dipyridamole usually is combined with aspirin for synergistic anti
      aggregatory purposes. However, the nature of the interaction has not been
      elucidated and benefit from the addition of dipyridamole has not been
      demonstrated in clinical studies. A review of clinical studies using dipyridamole
      indicates that it currently has limited value.

PMID- 6389070
TI  - [Risks in pregnancy after kidney transplantation].
AB  - Two women had four supervised pregnancies after renal transplantation. A striking
      feature was that the children had fetal growth retardation which led to premature
      termination of pregnancy by section. Likely causes of the growth retardation are,
      in the first instance, long-term treatment with corticosteroids and increased
      incidence of toxaemia. There is no evidence for a significant rise in the risk of
      teratogenicity for the embryo by the immunosuppressive treatment. However, an
      increased mutagenicity risk must remain a possibility in view of the one case of
      Turner's syndrome. Close interdisciplinary control of mother and child makes it
      possible to reduce risks to a reasonable level in case of pregnancy after renal
      transplantation.

PMID- 6389071
TI  - [Liver resection in benign, malignant and parasitic liver diseases. Indication
      and risk].

PMID- 6389072
TI  - [Diagnosis of Crohn disease].

PMID- 6389073
TI  - [IgD plasmacytoma].

PMID- 6389074
TI  - [Aplastic anemia].

PMID- 6389075
TI  - [Two-dimensional ultrasonics--a non-invasive method for the diagnosis of
      arteriosclerotic changes in the region of the supra-aortic branches].
AB  - 2-D ultrasound examinations were performed on 98 patients suspected of
      arteriosclerotic changes in the region of the extracranial arteries of the neck.
      The findings were compared with those obtained by angiography, including digital
      subtraction angiography. In 84 patients there was concordance between the results
      of 2-D ultrasound and angiography. In six patients the B-scan alone gave false
      results. In eight patients no definite diagnosis could be made. The addition of 2
      D ultrasound with bidirectional Doppler reduced false diagnoses to three and
      uncertain diagnoses to five. The combination of 2-D ultrasound and bidirectional
      Doppler thus increases the diagnostic possibilities to detect arteriosclerotic
      changes in the region of the extracranial cervical arteries of the neck.

PMID- 6389076
TI  - [The 1984 Nobel prize for chemistry. Synthetic hormones and enzymes with
      Merrifield's peptide synthesizer].

PMID- 6389077
TI  - Effects of diuretics on the renal handling of magnesium.
AB  - Diuretic-induced magnesium losses may contribute significantly to magnesium
      deficiency. Loop diuretics especially cause major losses of urinary magnesium.
      Our initial experiments in saline-loaded rats indicated that frusemide greatly
      increased magnesium excretion, while bendrofluazide caused no significant change
      and triamterene actually decreased magnesium excretion. Therefore, not all
      diuretics are magnesium-wasting. There is evidence that the potassium-sparing
      diuretic amiloride may also exert magnesium-sparing properties. In saline-loaded
      rats, the magnesium-sparing effect of amiloride was demonstrated when the drug
      was administered either alone or in combination with frusemide. Renal clearance
      studies in rats indicated that the magnesium-sparing effect of amiloride was a
      direct renal action and not secondary to possible extrarenal actions. A dose
      response relationship has been established for the effect of amiloride in
      reducing fractional excretion of magnesium and potassium during frusemide
      diuresis in rats. Congestive heart failure patients being treated with frusemide
      were found to be both potassium- and magnesium-deficient, as indicated by reduced
      lymphocyte concentrations of potassium and magnesium. In these patients,
      amiloride reduced urinary magnesium and potassium, increased plasma magnesium and
      potassium, and also increased lymphocyte magnesium and potassium. The effects of
      amiloride most likely involve enhanced reabsorption of magnesium, but further
      studies are required to establish the precise mechanism(s) involved in the drug's
      magnesium-sparing properties.

PMID- 6389080
TI  - Suckling in lactating women stimulates the secretion of insulin and prolactin
      without concomitant effects on gastrin, growth hormone, calcitonin, vasopressin
      or catecholamines.
AB  - The levels of growth hormone, vasopressin, prolactin, calcitonin, gastrin,
      insulin, epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine were measured in six lactating
      women during breast feeding. Prolactin levels increased in response to suckling
      as expected. In addition, insulin levels rose two-fold. No consistent changes
      were observed in the levels of the other hormones. It is suggested that the
      suckling related insulin release is either secondary to a reflexly induced
      activation of the vagal nerves or to the increased circulating levels of
      prolactin. Furthermore, it is suggested that the insulin release in response to
      suckling participates in the stimulation of milk production.

PMID- 6389079
TI  - Intracerebral grafting of embryonic neural cells into the adult host brain: an
      overview of the cell suspension method and its application.
AB  - An overview is presented of general principles for intracerebral grafting of
      embryonic brain tissue to the adult mammalian brain. Special reference is made to
      the development and use of the dissociated neuronal cell suspension method.
      Examples are drawn primarily from experiments where embryonic ventral
      mesencephalon is transplanted to adult striatum and embryonic septal-diagonal
      band area is transplanted to the hippocampal formation. Results related to the
      cell viability in vitro and in vivo and to axonal outgrowth are the main focuses
      of this overview.

PMID- 6389078
TI  - Endocrine physiology of electrolyte metabolism.
AB  - Historically, the sodium ion has been given prominence in relation to
      cardiovascular disease, perhaps to the exclusion of other ions. Recently, other
      ions, including chloride, potassium, magnesium and calcium have received
      increasing attention in relation to hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, and
      metabolic derangements. Endocrine factors controlling these ions have also
      received increasing attention; they include classic hormonal actions as well as
      neurotransmission and paracrine hormonal actions. Studies indicate that control
      of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system resides in cytosolic calcium ion
      levels in the juxtaglomerular cell, as well as chloride ion and prostaglandins at
      the macula densa. Renin release is stimulated by hyperpolarisation of the
      juxtaglomerular cell induced by beta 1-agonists, parathyroid hormone, glucagon,
      magnesium and low cytosol calcium. Renin release is inhibited by high calcium,
      potassium and angiotensin II. Subsequent to renin release, hormonal regulation
      includes stimulation of converting enzyme activity by cortisol and prostaglandin
      (PGE2). Other hormonal control includes antidiuretic hormone producing dilution
      of extracellular electrolytes and augmented peripheral resistance. A recently
      identified natriuretic factor isolated from cardiac atria appears to be a potent
      diuretic with actions similar to that of frusemide (furosemide). Other
      electrolytes have received closer scrutiny. Chloride may play a dominant role in
      renal sodium reabsorption, responding to prostaglandin levels. Calcium has been
      recognised as a basic regulator of the secretion of such hormones as
      noradrenaline, renin, and aldosterone. As well, calcium ion changes are the means
      by which smooth muscle contraction is effected. Parathyroid hormone and vitamin D
      regulate the level of this ion in the body. In addition, a high dietary calcium
      intake appears to play a protective role against hypertension, while calcium
      channel blockers appear to reduce blood pressure. Endocrine systems play a major
      role in the protection against acute elevations in serum potassium by means of
      insulin action and adrenergic modulation of extrarenal potassium disposal.
      Aldosterone is recognised as the delayed regulator of potassium excretion.
      Magnesium levels fall in hyperaldosteronism, hyperparathyroidism, and diabetic
      keto-acidosis, as well as in malnutrition states. A coexisting potassium
      deficiency may be refractory to therapy until hypomagnesaemia is corrected. The
      integrated action of these hormones and electrolytes are thus of major importance
      in regulation of the cardiovascular system.

PMID- 6389082
TI  - [Endotoxins in gastroenterology--a medico-historical sketch].
AB  - First descriptions of effects of intestinal bacterial endotoxins date from the
      middle of the 19th century (P. L. Panum et al.). The antitoxic function of the
      liver has been investigated by I. P. Pawlow in 1893. At the turn of the last
      century the theory of "auto-intoxication" (C. Bouchard, I. I. Metschnikoff et
      al.) was well known, but there were also first systematic studies of the
      facultatively pathogenic intestinal bacteria (T. Escherich, H. Tissier, J.
      Strasburger). In the twenties of our century V. van der Reis and L. Bogendoerfer
      worked out important fundamentals of human gastrointestinal microecology.
      Endotoxins as component of cellular wall of gram-negative bacteria are found by
      A. Boivin et al., J. W. Walker et al. First applicable proof for the detection of
      endotoxins was the pyrogen test with rabbits. The Limulus amoebocyte lysate test
      (J. Levin and F. B. Bang) has been employed as a more simple, rapid and sensitive
      method and was introduced in gastroenterology in a larger extent. Connections
      between endotoxinaemia and liver diseases, effects of endotoxins on
      gastrointestinal mucosa and on the course of shock are subjects of actual
      investigations.

PMID- 6389081
TI  - Fetal blood flow measurements during fetal cardiac arrhythmia.
AB  - 3 cases of fetal complete heart block, 1 case of fetal bradycardia and 2 cases of
      fetal supraventricular tachycardia were studied. Using an ultrasonic technique
      combining real-time ultrasound with a pulsed Doppler system, blood flow
      measurements at the lower thoracic level of the fetal descending aorta were
      taken. Despite alterations in rhythm, the blood flow in the aorta descendens was
      maintained within normal range. With a reduced heart rate, there was an increase
      in stroke volume, blood flow velocity, acceleration of blood flow velocity and
      maximum diameter change; conversely, with an increased heart rate the same four
      parameters were lowered. These alterations reflect changes in cardiac contraction
      force, and illustrate the ability of the fetal myocardium in maintaining blood
      flow in the growing fetus.

PMID- 6389083
TI  - [Immunological characteristics of a modifying effect of bacterial endotoxins on
      the growth of experimental tumors].
AB  - Two experimental models have been elaborated for E. coli 0111:B4 endotoxin
      effects on the growth of transplanted murine sarcomas induced by Meth A. A
      correlation is shown between stimulatory and inhibitory effects of endotoxin on
      the tumour growth and functional activity of T- and B-lymphocytes registered by
      in vivo tests.

PMID- 6389084
TI  - [The morphogenetic potential of tumor cells].
AB  - The data on the induction of normalization of tumour cells in terms of their
      ability to be morphologically and functionally incorporated into normal tissues
      and organs are reviewed. Such a process, though usually connected with
      differentiation of tumour cells, is not identical to that. Two groups of data are
      considered--normalization of tumour cells under morphogenic factors of embryonal
      development and that under reparative regeneration factors. The ability of tumour
      cells to undergo normalization in the embryonic morphogenic field is quite
      evident; the general regularities of the process are stated, and main efforts are
      aimed at widening the spectrum of the tumours involved into normal embryogenesis.
      In experiments with reparative regeneration only preliminary results have been
      obtained.

PMID- 6389085
TI  - [Effect of dose fractionation on the carcinogenicity of chemical substances].
AB  - Interrelations between single and total doses of chemical carcinogens are
      considered. On the basis of the data published and the author's own works a
      conclusion is drawn on the single dose as a decisive factor determining the
      organotropism (cytotropism) of certain pluripotential carcinogens (DMNA, DENA,
      DMH). Fractionation of the dose enhances the effect of polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbons, probably decreases the effect of directly acting carcinogens.
      Tumours of different histogenesis may respond to the dose fractionation in a
      different way.

PMID- 6389086
TI  - [The role of autoimmune hemolytic processes in echinocytic erythrocyte
      transformation in malignant growths].
AB  - No direct dependence between the surface change of erythrocyte, echinocytosis,
      and the activity of lymphocytes producing hemolysins in experimental
      carcinogenesis was revealed. It is supposed that the echinocytic transformation
      of erythrocytes under these conditions may be due to the influence of tumour
      metabolites or other factors, for example, viruses).

PMID- 6389087
TI  - [Current views on the mechanism of immunological disorders in Hodgkin's disease].
AB  - Certain clinical and immunological symptoms detected in patients with
      lymphogranulomatoses are studied for their interrelation with immunological
      processes which occur in the lymphoid tissue affected by the
      lymphogranulomatosis. A hypothetic scheme of such an interrelation is presented.

PMID- 6389088
TI  - [Correlation of the mutagenic and carcinogenic activity of various aromatic
      amines].
AB  - Six aromatic amines were studied for their mutagenic activity using Salmonella
      typhimurium TA 100 and TA 98. 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine, ortho-tolidine, benzidine,
      2-naphthylamine proved to be mutagenic, while aminotobias acid and 2,2',4,4'
      tetraaminodiphenyl did not show mutagenic activity. Chronic experiments on mice
      and rats using these compounds revealed a close correlation between
      carcinogenicity and mutagenicity.

PMID- 6389089
TI  - [ICO-1 monoclonal antibodies against the constant region of Ia-like (Dr)
      antigens].
AB  - Mouse monoclonal antibodies ICO-1 to constant part of Ia-Like (Dr) antigens were
      produced. Hybridoma continuously produced IgG3 antibodies during 22 passages in
      vivo, more than 7 months in vitro. Antibodies specifically bound to 29.1 +/- 2.3%
      of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy people recognized the antigen on
      B lymphocytes and 44.2 +/- 3.4% of monocytes. This antigen was absent on
      granulocytes and T lymphocytes. Using monoclonal antibodies ICO-1 antigenically
      positive cells were detected in 40 patients with B-CLL, in 12 of 35 patients
      (34.3%) with chronic granulocytic leukemia at the stage of blastic crisis, in 43
      of 65 patients (66.1%) with ALL, in 14 of 38 patients (36.8%) with lymphosarcoma
      and in 17 of 30 patients with acute myelomonocytic leukemia. The antibodies
      responded to surface antigens in the reaction of indirect surface
      immunofluorescence, complement-dependent cytotoxic reaction and radioimmune
      tests.

PMID- 6389091
TI  - [Treatment of anxiety with prazepam, 40 mg. A controlled study versus lorazepam].
AB  - Anxiolytic effects and tolerance of a four weeks treatment with prazepam (single
      dose of 40 mg in the evening) and with lorazepam (3 daily doses of 1.25 mg) are
      compared in a double blind study. Patients were treated by psychiatrists and were
      suffering from neurotic anxiety. Evaluation for therapeutic efficacy used a
      clinical global improvement scale and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale. Evaluation for
      side effects used the side effects symptoms check list. Anxiolytic effects of
      prazepam and lorazepam are not significantly different. Tolerance of the two
      treatments is comparable. The side effects are essentially an undesirable
      sedative action.

PMID- 6389090
TI  - [Stress of the perinatal period and anxiety. Biological aspects].
AB  - A study of current knowledge concerning the biological aspects of anxiety leads
      us to propose two hypotheses. These suggest that a state of anxiety could develop
      following certain disturbances which take place following the progressive
      interactions of the cholinergic and noradrenergic systems involved in behavioural
      adaptation during the perinatal period (in particular at the level of the
      hippocampus). These hypotheses could explain the fact (accepted by a large number
      of specialists) that situations of stress are capable of eliciting anxiety when
      they affect the child, at a time when its system of behavioural adaptation is
      still inadequate, to respond in a suitable fashion to such a challenge. They
      imply also that the glucocorticoids could participate in these disorders during
      repeated impregnations of certain nervous tissues in the process of cellular
      differentiation (following hormonal treatment, or situations of stress
      experienced by the mother during gestation or by the infant during the neonatal
      period). Finally, they do not exclude the incidence of genetic factors (proposed
      by a number of authors) in the development of anxiety. Consequently, we envisaged
      that, under the influence of the previously postulated disturbances, a "potential
      latent anxiety" could develop during this delicate perinatal period, on which the
      adult would later be dependent and for which the reappearance threshold would be
      proportionately lowered as the potential is higher.

PMID- 6389092
TI  - [Neurophysiologic and respiratory changes during the practice of relaxation
      technics].
AB  - A polygraphic study, of 40 minutes duration, among 10 subjects who practiced
      autogenic training (TA) and 10 subjects who practiced transcendental meditation
      (MT), compared to 10 control subjects, gave the following results: rarity of the
      number of sleeping episodes during relaxation, cardiac rhythm, significantly
      decreased in the TM group, increased stability of the E.D.G. during and after
      relaxation, respiratory rate decreased to a value of 33% of the initial rate,
      respiratory suspensions were frequent in the TM group, reaching a maximal
      duration of 50 seconds. The absence of compensatory hypercapnia and hyperpnea is
      an argument in favor of their central origin, lastly, the simple reaction time
      after relaxation is slightly decreased, whereas it is increased in the controls,
      this aerobic hypometabolic state, the stability of the autonomic nervous system
      and the maintenance of the vigilance, induced by deep relaxation, seems to be the
      opposite of the state which is induced by stress; therefore deep relaxation may
      play a role in a psycho-somatic approach to treating a variety of disease states.

PMID- 6389093
TI  - [The dexamethasone suppression test in depression. Critical review].
AB  - Within the investigation of the neuroendocrinology of depression, the HPA axis
      exploration brings the most definite results. Biological measurements indicate an
      hyperactivity of this system in the endogenous depressions. The dexamethasone
      cortisol suppression test has been described by Liddle and Nugent and has been
      used by Carroll since 1970. A standardisation of the protocol is required; thus,
      within the endogenous deficiencies, either lack of cortisol suppression or
      cortisol suppression with an early escape are noticed. The various and hazardous
      reasons that make the results vary are discussed. The dexamethasone suppression
      test is a practical and useful tool for the diagnosis of endogenous depression
      (sensitivity above 65%, specificity and diagnostical value near 95%); for
      treatment management; and prognostic evaluation. From a theoretical aspect, the
      dexamethasone test enables us to delineate the nosology of the depressive
      disorder and to detect in childhood depression the same neuro-endocrinological
      features as noticed in adulthood depression. Physiopathological hypotheses within
      the norepinephrinergic and serotoninergic depression theories are detailed.

PMID- 6389094
TI  - The suppression of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion during lactation in
      the rat.
AB  - The inhibition of LH secretion during lactation may be the consequence of a
      pituitary insensitivity to GnRH stimulation and/or an inhibition of GnRH release
      from the hypothalamus. To assess the contribution that these mechanisms may make
      to the suppression of LH secretion during lactation, we described the pattern of
      LH secretion in lactating rats and the magnitude of LH secretion in response to a
      GnRH stimulus. We assessed the effect of the strength of the suckling stimulus
      (two and eight pups), the length of lactation (5 and 10 days), and the presence
      of the ovaries on the pattern of LH secretion. We also examined the pattern of LH
      secretion after removal of a large suckling stimulus. In the intact rat, the
      pattern of LH secretion during lactation was uniformly nonpulsatile, despite
      significant differences between animals suckling two and eight pups in pituitary
      responsiveness to GnRH. In intact rats suckling two pups during day 10 of
      lactation, significant LH secretion was stimulated by 0.4-ng pulses of GnRH every
      50 min, while animals with eight pups secreted little LH in response to the same
      stimulus. It was concluded that a two-pup suckling stimulus was sufficient to
      completely suppress pulsatile GnRH release without affecting pituitary function,
      whereas an eight-pup suckling stimulus also depressed pituitary sensitivity to
      GnRH. In ovariectomized (ovx) rats suckling two pups, seven of nine animals
      showed no postcastration rise in LH secretion or evidence of pulsatile LH
      secretion during day 5 of lactation. In the remaining two animals, a castrate
      pattern of pulsatile LH secretion was observed, with a LH interpulse interval of
      31 +/- 6 min. By day 10 of lactation, all animals suckling two pups had
      castration patterns of LH secretion, with a LH interpulse interval of 35 +/- 2
      min, which was significantly different from the LH interpulse interval of 26 +/-
      1 min observed in ovx animals without pups. Therefore, a two-pup suckling
      stimulus is capable of retarding the increase in LH pulse frequency
      characteristically seen in the rat after castration. In ovx rats suckling eight
      pups, the postcastration rise in LH secretion was completely inhibited in all
      animals examined on days 5 and 10 of lactation, and the pattern of LH secretion
      was uniformly nonpulsatile. A consistent pattern of pulsatile LH secretion was
      not reinitiated until 72 h after removal of the suckling stimulus (LH interpulse
      interval, 31 +/- 2 min).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6389095
TI  - Inhibition of luteinizing hormone (LH)-releasing hormone-induced secretion of LH
      in rat anterior pituitary cell culture by testosterone without conversion to 5
      alpha-dihydrotestosterone.
AB  - The role of 5 alpha-reduction of testosterone in the inhibition of LH secretion
      was investigated in rat anterior pituitary cell cultures. Pituitary cells were
      preincubated with testosterone or dihydrotestosterone (17 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha
      androstan-3-one) for 17 h and then with LHRH for an additional 4 h.
      Dihydrotestosterone was 6-fold more potent than testosterone in the inhibition of
      LHRH-induced LH release. Basal LH secretion was not affected by either androgen.
      The inhibition curves of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were not shifted by
      the presence of the 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors 17 beta-N,N-diethylcarbamoyl-4
      methyl-4-aza-5 alpha-androstan-3-one (4-MA) and 17 beta-N,N-diisopropylcarbamoyl
      4-aza-androstan-3-one (DIPA). Neither 4-MA nor DIPA alone had an effect on either
      basal or LHRH-induced LH release. When pituitary cells were incubated with
      [3H]testosterone for 17 h, the radioactivities were found to be unmetabolized
      testosterone (66.9 +/- 2.4%), dihydrotestosterone (13.3 +/- 0.5%),
      androstenedione (15.9 +/- 1.3%), 5 alpha-androstane-3,17-dione (2.8 +/- 0.3%),
      and 3 alpha (beta), 17 beta-androstanediol (less than 1%). In the presence of 4
      MA or DIPA, 5 alpha-reduction of testosterone was completely inhibited;
      androstenedione was the only metabolite. Androstenedione was only 12% as potent
      as testosterone in the inhibition of LHRH stimulation of LH release, and
      conversion of [3H]androstenedione to testosterone and dihydrotestosterone did
      occur in these cells. When [3H]dihydrotestosterone was incubated with pituitary
      cells, the radioactivities were dihydrotestosterone (64.4 +/- 0%), 5 alpha
      androstanedione (19.3 +/- 1%), 3 alpha (beta), 17 beta-androstanediol (7.7 +/-
      1.7%), and unknown polar metabolites. 4-MA and DIPA had no effect on the
      metabolism of dihydrotestosterone. These results indicate that both testosterone
      and dihydrotestosterone inhibit LHRH-induced LH release and that this activity of
      testosterone does not depend on its 5 alpha-reduction.

PMID- 6389096
TI  - Detection of LH release from individual pituitary cells by the reverse hemolytic
      plaque assay: estrogen increases the fraction of gonadotropes responding to GnRH.
AB  - Gonadotropes that secrete LH were demonstrated microscopically among mixed
      anterior pituitary (AP) cells in culture with a reverse hemolytic plaque assay.
      LH released from a cell binds to adjacent RBCs bearing an LH Ab-protein A complex
      which results in a zone of complement-mediated hemolysis (a plaque) surrounding
      each gonadotrope. In untreated cultures a few, small plaques formed, but in the
      presence of hypothalamic GnRH (10(-7) M, a maximally stimulating dose) a 10-fold
      increase occurred in their number and size. Non-secretory gonadotropes were found
      in the pituitary of diestrous animals: 5-6% of all AP cells contained
      immunocytochemically detectable LH whereas only 2.5-3.0% formed plaques in the
      presence of GnRH (10(-7) M). Nearly all of the gonadotropes were secretory at
      proestrus. Estradiol treatment of diestrous cultures for 24 h increased the
      fraction of secretory gonadotropes to near the level observed in proestrous
      cultures. These results demonstrate the utility of the reverse hemolytic plaque
      assay for detection of LH secretion from individual gonadotropes, establish that
      not all cells containing LH can secrete it, and suggest that a previously
      unrecognized mode of estrogen action to evoke the preovulatory LH surge is
      mediated by increasing the fraction of secretory gonadotropes.

PMID- 6389097
TI  - Multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA) stimulates proteoglycan synthesis in
      cultured endothelial cells.
AB  - Cultured endothelial cells have previously been shown to have specific binding
      sites for certain insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and insulin. In the present
      study, the IGF, Multiplication Stimulating Activity (MSA), at concentrations of
      100-1000 ng/ml, stimulated 35SO4 incorporation into proteoglycans by endothelial
      cells cultured from bovine pulmonary arteries. The stimulatory effect on
      proteoglycan synthesis was not accompanied by changes in cell number, total
      protein synthesis, nor collagen synthesis and was not mimicked by insulin. These
      findings suggest that MSA specifically stimulated accumulation of proteoglycans
      in the cultured endothelial cells, with the effect mediated through an IGF
      receptor.

PMID- 6389098
TI  - Insulin-like growth factor I/somatomedin C (IGF-I/Sm C): comparison of natural,
      solid phase synthetic and recombinant DNA analog peptides in two radioligand
      assays.
AB  - Investigation of the biologic activity of Insulin-like Growth Factor
      I/Somatomedin C (IGF-I/Sm C) has been hampered by the scarcity of purified
      material. The synthesis of this molecule by the solid phase procedure and an
      analog of IGF-I/Sm C by recombinant DNA technology offers promise that studies of
      the biologic activity of IGF-I/Sm C will soon be possible. We have found that
      natural IGF-I/Sm C and the two synthetic peptides behave similarly in two
      radioligand systems, providing evidence that these molecules possess the
      requisite structural integrity for use in such biological studies.

PMID- 6389099
TI  - Increased affinity of insulin receptor on hepatocytes from streptozotocin-induced
      diabetic rats.
AB  - When we use Scatchard analysis for insulin receptor on intact cells,
      internalization of insulin may affect the Scatchard analysis. In this study,
      results from Scatchard analysis for insulin receptor on hepatocytes of
      streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were compared with those from
      association and dissociation studies and those from Scatchard analysis using
      hepatocyte membrane which does not internalize insulin. Insulin binding was
      increased in both hepatocytes and the membranes from STZ-treated rats. Scatchard
      analysis revealed that both the receptor number and affinity constant were
      increased. In the dissociation study, the increase in the affinity constant was
      revealed to be due to a decrease in the dissociation rate constant. The
      association rate constant was comparable in STZ and control rats. The Scatchard
      plot was more concave in STZ rats than in controls, suggesting that the magnitude
      of the negative cooperative effect was greater in STZ rats. This was confirmed by
      measuring the dissociation rate constant in the presence or absence of unlabeled
      insulin. Increases in the receptor number, affinity constant, and negative
      cooperative effect in STZ rats were observed both in hepatocytes and in
      hepatocyte membranes.

PMID- 6389100
TI  - Effect of iodoacetic acid on maintenance of pancreatic endocrine cells of the
      neonatal rat.
AB  - This report describes the specific cytotoxicity of iodoacetic acid (IAA) in
      selectively destroying the fibroblastoid cells and stimulating the in vitro
      function of neonatal B cells prepared from rat pancreases. Under culture
      conditions with a basal medium containing 5.5 mM D-glucose alone, the responses
      to insulin secretagogues tested were abolished by day 7 of culture. In contrast,
      the addition of 10 microM IAA enhanced either insulin release evoked by D-glucose
      (16.7 mM), L-leucine (10 mM) and 2-ketoisocaproate (10 mM) or the cellular
      insulin content to approximately twice the initial levels (day 0). L-Glutamine
      (10 mM) augmented the stimulatory effect of L-leucine or 2-ketoisocaproate.
      Moreover, the continuous application of IAA significantly increased the rates of
      glutamine oxidation in endocrine cells after 7 days of culture. On the other
      hand, the IAA-supplemented medium did not preserve the function of A cells. The
      phase-contrast microphotograph examination revealed the selective removal of
      fibroblasts from the monolayer cultures. This corresponded very closely with a
      remarkable reduction in culture DNA content.

PMID- 6389102
TI  - Receptor-mediated degradation by rat adipocytes: comparison of A-14 with A-19
      125I-labelled insulin.
AB  - We compared A-14 and A-19 125I-labelled insulin in receptor-binding and
      degradation. Percent receptor-binding of A-14 and A-19 125I-labelled insulin to
      2.4 X 10(9)/ml erythrocytes after 210 min incubation at 15 degrees C was 7.8 and
      4.9%, respectively. Percent insulin-receptor binding of A-14 insulin was 1.6
      times greater than that of A-19 insulin. A similar result was obtained in an
      adipocytes insulin binding study. Percent receptor-binding of A-14 and A-19
      insulin to 2 X 10(5)/ml fat cells after 30 min incubation in the above buffer was
      3.9 and 2.4%, respectively. Degradation of A-14 and A-19 insulin in rat
      adipocytes was also studied by molecular sieve column chromatography. Isolated
      rat adipocytes were allowed to associate with A-14 and A-19 125I-insulin for 60
      min at 37 degrees C, pH 8.0 in a HEPES-phosphate buffer, and then cells were
      separated from the buffer by centrifugation. After solubilization with triton X
      100, both the solubilized cells and the incubation medium were applied to the Bio
      Gel P-30 column to assess the insulin degradation. Degradation of A-14 125I
      insulin by the isolated rat adipocytes was 1.6 times greater than that of A-19
      125I-insulin. Furthermore, the peak which was thought to be intermediate
      degradation products of insulin was obtained between the peak of intact insulin
      and that of 125I-tyrosine. Such a peak of intermediates was much smaller in the
      incubation media than in the cell-associated materials.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6389101
TI  - Food constituents as a cause of variation of C-peptide excretion in the urine.
AB  - Since C-peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) is excreted at a much higher rate than
      insulin in the urine, the urinary CPR (U-CPR) level could be a good measure of
      pancreatic B-cell function. In 10 normal subjects and 17 patients with non
      insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), the 24-hour U-CPR level was 49.6 +/-
      4.5 (mean +/- SE) micrograms, and 59.1 +/- 7.9 micrograms, respectively. When
      measured repeatedly during 4-37 consecutive days, the mean levels of coefficient
      of variation (c.v.) of 24-hour U-CPRs in each individual in normal and diabetic
      patients were 23.4 +/- 3.2%, and 39.1 +/- 1.2%, respectively. Thus, the daily
      fluctuation of U-CPR was considerably large not only in NIDDM but also in normal
      healthy subjects. In order to investigate factors responsible for these U-CPR
      variations, we analyzed the effect of food constituents on U-CPR excretion in
      this paper. In 8 healthy subjects 5-hour U-CPR excretions were measured after
      ingesting 5 kinds of isocaloric 300 kcal test meals, i.e. glucose, starch,
      protein, fat, and mixed meal which consisted of equal kcal of starch, protein and
      fat. Five hour U-CPR excretion after glucose, starch and protein meal ingestion
      was 9.5 +/- 1.3 micrograms, 13.7 +/- 1.9 micrograms, and 7.4 +/- 0.9 micrograms,
      respectively. Fat meal induced no increase in U-CPR excretion. After the mixed
      meal ingestion, 5-hour U-CPR was 8.2 +/- 0.6 micrograms, which was approximately
      the mathematical average for the U-CPR after 3 meals. We conclude that the cause
      of variations in the U-CPR excretion may be ascribed not only to the ingested
      total calories, but also to the nutritional components of the diet. Therefore,
      care must be taken in reading a daily U-CPR measurement in assessing pancreatic B
      cell function.

PMID- 6389103
TI  - [Current knowledge concerning the etiology of acute infantile diarrhea].

PMID- 6389104
TI  - Degradation of insulin-like growth factors I and II by a human insulin degrading
      enzyme.
AB  - A human insulin degrading enzyme purified from IM-9 lymphocytes was tested for
      its ability to degrade insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and insulin-like
      growth factor II (IGF-II). Degradation of these molecules was assessed by
      trichloroacetic acid precipitation, binding to specific receptors and
      chromatography on Sephadex G-50. All three techniques indicated that the enzyme
      readily degraded IGF-II and slightly degraded IGF-I. The IGF-II degrading
      activity chromatofocused with the insulin degrading activity and was absorbed by
      specific antibodies to the insulin degrading enzyme. These studies indicate,
      therefore, that a human insulin degrading enzyme can degrade IGF-II and, to a
      lesser extent, IGF-I.

PMID- 6389105
TI  - Potency and activity variation of LHRH analogs in different models and species.
AB  - The LHRH agonist [D-His(Bzl)6, Pro9-NHEt]LHRH was estimated to be 3.4, 4.4 and
      9.2 times more potent than LHRH as a stimulator of ovulation in Nembutal
      anesthetized, androgen-sterilized and diestrus rats, respectively; and 57 times
      more potent than LHRH as a stimulator of uterine growth in immature mice. Higher
      doses of agonist were required to induce ovulation in diestrus hamsters and mice
      than were needed in diestrus rats. Rats and hamsters also exhibited different
      sensitivities to an antagonist of LHRH. The LHRH antagonist [N-Ac delta 3-Pro1, D
      pF-Phe2,D-Trp3,6]LHRH was active but higher doses were required to inhibit
      ovulation in hamsters than were needed in rats. In addition, treatment at 1500 hr
      on the day of proestrus in rats, in contrast to treatment at 1000 hr in hamsters,
      caused the greatest inhibition of ovulation. It is clear from these data, that
      the estimated in vivo potencies of analogs of LHRH are greatly influenced by
      species and animal model, as well as route of administration and biopharmaceutic
      factors previously reported.

PMID- 6389106
TI  - Identification of a low molecular weight ligand for zinc in the human
      hyperplastic prostate.
AB  - Gel filtration and high performance gel filtration showed the zinc of prostatic
      cytosol to be associated with a low molecular weight ligand. Absence of
      degradation of this ligand by proteolytic enzymes but its disappearance after
      action of the citrate lyase system led to the identification of the ligand with
      citrate. Involvement of zinc-citrate in prostatic zinc homeostasis is discussed.

PMID- 6389107
TI  - Ovarian and steroidal influences on neuroendocrine aging processes in female
      rodents.
AB  - Some Mammalian aging processes involve effects of steroids on the brain and
      pituitary. An ovary-dependent, neuroendocrine aging syndrome of laboratory rats
      and mice is described in this article. This syndrome can be attenuated during
      aging by chronic ovariectomy and can be prematurely induced in young rodents by
      sustained exposure to estradiol (E2). The limited follicular stock in the ovary
      is proposed to be a major pacemaker of aging in this neuroendocrine syndrome;
      ovarian aging may interact with neuroendocrine aging. Ovary-independent
      neuroendocrine changes occur as well. We also discuss developmental influences on
      adult aging in rodents and other examples in which adult lower mammals are
      sensitive to long lasting effects of steroids on the brain and pituitary.
      Possible molecular mechanisms are considered. In view of the long lasting effects
      of E2 and other steroids on lower mammals, the potential for long term effects of
      ovarian steroids on the human brain and pituitary warrants continued evaluation.

PMID- 6389108
TI  - Structural features of nitroaromatics that determine mutagenic activity in
      Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - Seventeen structurally homologous nitroaromatics were tested for direct-acting
      mutagenic potency in nine strains of Salmonella typhimurium. The following four
      structural features were determined to have a strong influence on mutagenic
      activity: physical dimensions of the aromatic rings, isomeric position of the
      nitro group, conformation of the nitro group with respect to the plane of the
      aromatic rings, and ability to resonance-stabilize the ultimate electrophile.
      Progressive addition of five- and six-membered rings to a nitrobenzene nucleus
      demonstrated that mutagenic activity was a direct function of size. Fluoranthene
      was of optimal size (four rings) for mutagenicity; an additional benzene ring,
      giving benzo[k]fluoranthene, reduced mutagenic activity. Nitroaromatics with a
      nitro group oriented along the long axis of symmetry of the molecule were more
      potent mutagens than those with the nitro group oriented along the short axis.
      These results are discussed in light of the insertion-denaturation model for
      intercalation of certain DNA adducts. Nitroaromatics with nitro groups sterically
      forced out of the plane of the aromatic rings were weakly mutagenic or
      nonmutagenic. Nitro groups located between two peri hydrogens or in a bay-region
      are examples of this conformation. Finally, structural features that contribute
      to resonance stabilization of the reactive nitrenium ion enhance mutagenic
      potency. Thus, 6-nitroindene was at least tenfold more mutagenic than 5
      nitroindene. These positional isomers are structurally identical with the
      exception of the position of an olefinic bond in the adjacent five-membered ring
      which can contribute to resonance stabilization of a carbonium ion formed after
      bioactivation of 6-nitroindene but not of 5-nitroindene. The predictive value of
      these structure-activity relationships should permit a first approximation in the
      assessment of mutagenic potency of nitroaromatics.

PMID- 6389109
TI  - Mutagenicity and chemical analysis of airborne particulates from a rural area in
      Italy.
AB  - Mutagenic activities of a sample of characterized airborne particulates collected
      in a rural location near Ispra (Italy) during the summer of 1980 were detected by
      the Ames test using TA 1537, TA 1538, TA 98, and TA 100 Salmonella strains. Eight
      chemical classes fractionated from the CH2Cl2 extract of the particulates were
      bioassayed, and their mutagenicities (TA 98 plus S9) were as follows: organic
      bases I greater than polar neutrals greater than insolubles in cyclohexane
      greater than organic acid II greater than aerosol "in toto" greater than
      intermediate neutrals greater than polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons greater than
      organic acids I greater than nonpolar neutrals. Periodical samples were taken in
      the same location from March to December 1981, extracted in dimethyl sulfoxide
      (DMSO), and directly tested with TA 1537, TA 98, and TA 100 Salmonella strains.
      For all the strains the mutagenicity varied markedly according to the season, the
      cold-month samples being much more mutagenic than the summer-month samples. The
      additional of S9 increased the mutagenicity (twofold) of the cold-month samples.
      The higher mutagenicity of the samples collected during the cold months could be
      due to greater amounts of mutagens produced by the combustion processes of
      domestic heating.

PMID- 6389110
TI  - Evaluation of the genotoxicity of process stream extracts from a coal
      gasification system.
AB  - Extracts of three complex organic environmental mixtures, two from an
      experimental coal gasifier (a raw gas and a clean gas sample) and one from a coke
      oven main, were examined for genotoxicity. Three short-term genotoxicity assay
      systems were used: Ames Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay, Chinese
      hamster ovary cell/hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (CHO/HGPRT)
      gene locus mutation assay, and the Chinese hamster lung primary culture/sister
      chromatid exchange (CHL/SCE) assay. Aroclor-1254-induced rat liver homogenate
      fraction (S-9) was required to observe genotoxicity in both gene locus mutation
      assays (CHO/HGPRT and Ames). The relative survival of CHO cells exposed to
      extracts was highest in cells exposed to clean gas samples, with the raw gas
      sample being the most cytotoxic either with or without the addition of S-9. All
      three complex mixtures induced sister chromatid exchanges in primary lung cell
      cultures without the addition of S-9. The relative genotoxicity ranking of the
      samples varied between the mammalian and prokaryotic assay systems. Coke oven
      main extract produced fewer revertants in bacteria than the raw gas sample.
      However, the coke oven main extract was more genotoxic in the two eukaryotic
      systems (CHL/SCE and CHO/HGPRT) than was the raw gas sample. The results of all
      three assays indicate that the cleanup process used in the experimental gasifier
      was effective in decreasing the genotoxic materials in the process stream. These
      data also reemphasize the necessity of evaluating genotoxicity of complex
      mixtures in a variety of short-term systems.

PMID- 6389111
TI  - Mutagenic activity of airborne particles inside and outside homes.
AB  - Indoor concentrations of total suspended particles often exceed outdoor
      concentrations. Although it is known that particulate matter may contain
      mutagenic compounds and that several sources in the home produce mutagens,
      virtually no data concerning the mutagenicity of indoor particulate matter are
      available. In this study, experiments were carried out to determine the
      contribution of indoor and outdoor sources to the mutagenicity of indoor
      particles. Using six samplers, particles in kitchens, living rooms, and outdoors
      were collected simultaneously. Methanol extracts of the material obtained were
      tested in the Salmonella/microsome assay. An increase in mutagenic activity was
      shown in the presence of a metabolizing system in all indoor and outdoor samples
      but one. The data presented suggest that mutagenic components of indoor
      particulate matter are different from those found in outdoor particles. Indoor
      samples show a higher mutagenic activity after metabolic activation, while direct
      mutagenic activity of indoor particles was lower than that of outdoor particles.
      Furthermore, only indoor samples showed cytotoxic effects. Our findings suggest
      that, with respect to the mutagenic activity of particulate matter, cigarette
      smoke is the most important contaminant of indoor air. Kitchen samples also show
      mutagenic activity, probably as a result of volatilization of cooking products.
      No contribution of outdoor sources to mutagenicity of indoor particles was
      observed.

PMID- 6389112
TI  - The use of carcinogen-DNA adduct antisera for quantitation and localization of
      genomic damage in animal models and the human population.
AB  - The use of antibodies to detect chemical carcinogen-induced DNA damage involves
      quantitative determination and morphological localization utilizing antisera
      specific for carcinogen-DNA adducts. In recent years a large number of polyclonal
      and monoclonal antisera have been produced against individual adducts and
      modified DNAs with addition products varying in structure from ethyl and methyl
      groups to aromatic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aflatoxins, and
      platinum-ammine complexes. The quantitative assays developed through the use of
      these antisera are able to detect attomole (10(-18) M) adduct concentrations,
      corresponding to one adduct in 10(8) nucleotides or a few hundreds of
      modifications per mammalian cell genome. This review focuses on data generated
      during the past 3 yr utilizing this immunotechnology as a tool to probe
      mechanisms of carcinogen-DNA interactions in various model systems and in the
      human population. Areas discussed in depth include quantitative and morphological
      studies involving detection of 2-acetylaminofluorene-DNA adducts in rat liver, O6
      ethyl and O6-methyl deoxyguanosine adducts in rat brain, benzo[a]pyrene-DNA
      adducts in mouse skin and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II)-DNA adducts in
      peripheral nucleated blood cells of cancer patients.

PMID- 6389113
TI  - Mutagenicity testing of diethylene glycol monobutyl ether.
AB  - The mutagenic potential of diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (diEGBE) was
      examined with a Tier I battery of in vitro assays followed by a Tier II in vivo
      Drosophila sex-linked recessive lethal assay. The in vitro battery consisted of:
      the Salmonella mutagenicity test, the L5178Y mouse lymphoma test, a cytogenetics
      assay using Chinese hamster ovary cells and the unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS)
      assay in rat hepatocytes. Results of the Salmonella mutagenicity test, the
      cytogenetics test, and the rat hepatocyte assay were negative at concentrations
      up to 20 microL/plate, 7.92 microL/mL, and 4.4 microL/mL, respectively. Toxicity
      was clearly demonstrated at all high doses. A weak, but dose-related increase in
      the mutation frequency (4-fold increase over the solvent control at 5.6 microL/mL
      with 12% survival) was obtained in the L5178Y lymphoma test in the absence of
      metabolic activation. Results of the mouse lymphoma assay were negative in the
      presence of the S-9 activation system. The significance of the mouse lymphoma
      assay were negative in the presence of the S-9 activation system. The
      significance of the mouse lymphoma assay results were assessed by performing the
      Tier II sex-linked recessive lethal assay in Drosophila in which the target
      tissue is maturing germinal cells. Both feeding (11,000 ppm for 3 days) and
      injection (0.3 microL of approximately 14,000 ppm solution) routes of
      administration were employed in the Drosophila assay. Approximately 11,000
      individual crosses with an equal number of negative controls were performed for
      each route of administration. diEGBE produced no increase in recessive lethals
      under these conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6389115
TI  - [Aspergilloma of the lung. A review].

PMID- 6389114
TI  - Renal ultrastructural and biochemical injuries induced by aminoglycosides.
AB  - Aminoglycoside-induced proteinuria may result from general renal damage or may
      reflect alterations in specific steps in the renal handling of proteins. To
      differentiate between the two possibilities, experiments were designed to
      quantify the effects of nephrotoxic doses of gentamicin, tobramycin and
      netilmicin in the intact rat, isolated perfused rat kidney (IPK) and kidney
      slices using the cationic low molecular weight protein lysozyme as a model
      protein. Each aminoglycoside was administered IP to male Wistar rats (15 or 30
      mg/kg/day) for 5 or 7 days. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy
      indicated that gentamicin and tobramycin induced a decrease in the number and
      diameter of endothelial fenestrae and degranulation of the myoepithelioid cells
      of the juxtaglomerular apparatus. Concurrently, gentamicin and tobramycin
      decrease the glomerular sieving coefficient of lysozyme from 0.8 to 0.6 and 0.5,
      respectively. Netilmicin did not affect the percentage reabsorption of lysozyme
      whereas gentamicin and tobramycin induced a 50% decrease in lysozyme reabsorption
      by the IPK. Gentamicin and tobramycin decreased equally lysozyme degradation by
      the IPK; this decrease was time- and dose-dependent when evaluated in slices from
      renal cortex. Perfusion of rat kidneys with gentamicin induced a dose-dependent
      decrease in reabsorption and catabolism of lysozyme. In conclusion, these studies
      demonstrate that polycationic aminoglycosides alter ultrastructure and glomerular
      permeability, tubular reabsorption and intracellular digestion of proteins.

PMID- 6389116
TI  - Headaches in children.

PMID- 6389117
TI  - H-Y antigen and disorders of gonadal development.

PMID- 6389118
TI  - The 43-K protein, v1, associated with acetylcholine receptor containing membrane
      fragments is an actin-binding protein.
AB  - Acetylcholine receptor enriched membrane fragments were obtained from the
      electric organs of Torpedo marmorata. The purified membrane fragments contained
      several proteins in addition to the acetylcholine receptor subunits. One of these
      was shown to be actin by means of immune blotting with a monoclonal antibody.
      Brief treatment of the membranes with pH 11.0 buffer removed actin and the other
      non-receptor proteins including the receptor-associated 43 000 mol. wt.
      polypeptide. This polypeptide was shown to bind actin after transferring the
      proteins from one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose
      paper and incubating the nitrocellulose blots with actin. Specifically bound
      actin was demonstrated using the monoclonal antibodies to actin. No calcium or
      calmodulin dependency of binding was observed. The findings suggest that the 43
      000 mol. wt. polypeptide is a link between the membrane-bound acetylcholine
      receptor and the cytoskeleton.

PMID- 6389119
TI  - Characterization of an amber mutation in the structural gene for ribosomal
      protein L15, which impairs the expression of the protein export gene, secY, in
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - We have previously described a temperature-sensitive mutant, ts215, which is
      defective in protein secretion. Complementation studies indicated that the
      mutation was located at the distal part of the spc ribosomal protein operon and
      the gene secY is required for efficient protein secretion. We now report a more
      complete genetic and biochemical analysis of the ts215 mutant. These studies
      revealed that the ts215 mutant has an amber mutation in the gene rp10 for
      ribosomal protein L15, which is located upstream and adjacent to secY. The amber
      mutation exerts a polar effect on secY causing a defect in protein secretion.
      These conclusions were supported by the following observations. The mutant strain
      carries a phi 80 prophage containing a temperature-sensitive suppressor, supFts6.
      The strain contains decreased amounts of L15 and is suppressible by a temperature
      independent nonsense suppressor. In addition, L15 contains an extra tyrosine
      residue when suppressed by supF. DNA sequence analysis revealed the presence of a
      single base change in rp10 resulting in an amber codon at the 38th codon of L15.
      The mutant phenotype is complemented by a plasmid carrying only the secY gene
      under lac promoter control. The mutant cells complemented by secY can grow and
      synthesize proteins at normal rates and abundances at 42 degrees C, despite the
      fact that their ribosomes contain barely detectable levels of L15. These results
      indicate that ribosomal protein L15 is dispensable for protein synthesis and cell
      growth. In contrast, the decreased level of expression of the secY gene leads to
      defective protein secretion and defective cell growth.

PMID- 6389121
TI  - NMR and the biochemist.

PMID- 6389120
TI  - Colicin E2 release: lysis, leakage or secretion? Possible role of a
      phospholipase.
AB  - Results presented here and by others indicate that the release of colicins from
      producing cells can be uncoupled from the decline in culture turbidity which
      usually occurs within 2-3 h after the induction of colicin synthesis. This
      excludes lysis as a necessary event in colicin release. Conversely, the failure
      to dissociate colicin release from the normally simultaneous release of a
      specific subset of soluble proteins argues against the idea of a specific colicin
      secretion system sensu-stricto. Rather, colicin release appears to be a
      consequence of semi-specific leakage resulting from an alteration of the
      permeability properties of the cell envelope. This alteration is caused by the
      'lysis protein' known to be encoded by most multiple copy number Col plasmids.
      The finding that the expression of the lysis gene of plasmid ColE2 renders the
      cells exquisitely sensitive to lysozyme demonstrates that the permeability of the
      outer membrane must indeed be altered. Evidence is presented that this alteration
      could be due at least in part to the activation of the detergent-resistant
      phospholipase A (pldA product). Lysophosphatidylethanolamine, a product of the
      action of phospholipase on phosphatidylethanolamine, is a membrane perturbant
      which could alter the permeability properties of the envelope and allow some
      proteins such as colicin to leak out of the cell.

PMID- 6389122
TI  - Uraemia--does it affect host resistance to infectious disease?

PMID- 6389123
TI  - A collaborative evaluation of a rapid automated bacterial identification system:
      the Autobac IDX.
AB  - A collaborative evaluation of the Autobac IDX, a rapid, semi-automated bacterial
      identification system, was performed in three independent laboratories in three
      European countries. The system utilises growth inhibition by a series of chemical
      compounds. Subsequent analysis of the resultant data by quadratic discriminant
      function automatically results in a bacterial identification. Three sets of 30
      strains were examined repeatedly in each of the participating laboratories. The
      reproducibilities obtained ranged from 85.6% to 96.6%, with an overall average of
      91.8%. The accuracy of the system was also determined by examining 1076 isolates
      from the three participating laboratories. An overall accuracy of 90.3% was
      calculated by comparing the Autobac result with a reference method. When the
      results were weighted to represent clinical frequency, the accuracy was 93.6%.

PMID- 6389124
TI  - Effects of antibiotics on adhesion of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains.
AB  - Subinhibitory concentrations of 28 antibiotics were tested for their effects on
      MRHA patterns of four enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains possessing
      colonization factor antigens CFA/I, CFA/II or CFA/III. Only penicillin G,
      oleandomycin, doxycycline and minocycline inhibited the haemagglutination pattern
      of three Escherichia coli strains with CFA/I and CFA/II when added to the medium
      culture at concentrations ranging from 1/2 to 1/50 of the MIC. At the same
      concentrations they also decreased the adhesion index of the four strains to
      human intestinal cells. However, neither the specific agglutination of bacterial
      cells with CFA antisera nor the production of CFAs was affected.

PMID- 6389125
TI  - In vitro activity of imipenem--a review.
AB  - A review is given of the microbiological properties of imipenem, a new carbapenem
      antibiotic with an exceptionally broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. An
      evaluation of results of numerous in vitro studies reveals that imipenem
      effectively inhibited growth of 53 of 55 bacterial species, the mean MIC90 being
      less than 8 mg/l. The MIC90 for cocci, with the exception of Staphylococcus
      epidermidis, is in the range of 0.01-3.1 mg/l. The MIC90 for all
      Enterobacteriaceae is equal to or less than 8 mg/l. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
      other non-fermentative gram-negative bacteria are generally susceptible to
      imipenem, only Pseudomonas maltophilia and Pseudomonas cepacia showing intrinsic
      resistance. Imipenem is currently the most active drug available against
      anaerobic bacteria, the MIC usually being below 1 mg/l even for Bacteroides
      fragilis. Rare bacteria such as Nocardia asteroides, Listeria monocytogenes or
      fast growing Mycobacterium spp. which cause difficult-to-treat infections are
      also susceptible to imipenem. Increases in inoculum size have only a minimal
      effect on activity of the drug. In most species the MBC only slightly exceeded
      the MIC; however in the case of Streptococcus faecalis the MBC value was many
      times the MIC value. Synergism has been observed in combinations of imipenem with
      aminoglycosides, and antagonism in combinations with other beta-lactam
      antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens. Imipenem is
      stable in the presence of the common chromosomal and plasmid-mediated enzymes.
      Induction of inactivating enzymes was observed in staphylococci, Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens.

PMID- 6389126
TI  - A multiclinic randomized study of the comparative efficacy, safety and tolerance
      of imipenem/cilastatin and moxalactam.
AB  - The efficacy, safety and tolerance of imipenem/cilastatin and moxalactam were
      compared in a randomized trial in the United States involving 19 centers and 441
      patients. Significantly more organisms were susceptible to imipenem than
      moxalactam. Although the bacteriological outcomes were similar, the clinical
      outcome was significantly better in the imipenem/cilastatin treatment group. The
      incidence of colonization and superinfection was similar in both groups.
      Moxalactam was less irritating at the site of injection than imipenem/cilastatin.
      The safety profiles were similar except for bleeding episodes in the moxalactam
      group.

PMID- 6389127
TI  - Activity of imipenem against high inocula of Bacteroides species and Escherichia
      coli alone and in mixed culture.

PMID- 6389128
TI  - Bactericidal activity of imipenem in broth, serum and in the presence of human
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes against staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella
      pneumoniae.

PMID- 6389129
TI  - Effect of nucleotides, divalent cations and temperature on the tryptic
      susceptibility of myosin subfragment 1.
AB  - The kinetics of tryptic breakdown of the heavy chain of chymotryptic myosin
      subfragment 1 (S1) according to the following scheme (where the numbers represent
      approximate masses in kDa) are altered at 21 degrees C by divalent (Formula: see
      text) cations (Me2+) and by ATP, ADP, adenosine 5'-[beta, gamma
      imino]triphosphate or PPi, with or without Me2+. ATP or its analogs slow step 2
      and accelerate steps 3 and 4, while Me2+ accelerates step 2. ATP and its analogs
      decrease the amount of a transient 27-kDa peptide [Hozumi, T. & Muhlrad, A.
      (1981) Biochemistry 20, 2945-2950]. We have found direct evidence for the
      suggestion in this reference that the 27-kDa peptide is not an obligatory
      precursor of the 25-kDa fragment and that ATP or ADP suppresses the formation of
      the larger N-terminal fragment rather than accelerates its breakdown. Cross
      linking of sulfhydryl groups located in the 20-kDa fragment leads to trapping of
      MgADP in the N-terminal 25-kDa peptide [Wells, J.A. & Yount, R.G. (1980)
      Biochemistry 19, 1711-1717]; this process affects the tryptic fragmentation of S1
      similarly to, but less effectively than, nucleotides. Acts-S1 formation prevents
      the effect of ATP on fragmentation. At 37 degrees C S1 loses ATPase activity;
      tryptic digestion proceeds more rapidly and the 50-kDa and 25-kDa fragments are
      degraded to small peptides. Nucleotides protect against the effects of higher
      temperature by producing conformational changes not only in the 27-kDa N-terminal
      portion (containing the putative nucleotide binding site) of the heavy chain of
      S1 but also in the 50-kDa peptide.

PMID- 6389130
TI  - Conformational stability of the myosin rod.
AB  - Chymotryptic cleavage patterns of myosin rods from pig stomach, chicken gizzard,
      and rabbit skeletal muscle indicate that short (approximately 45 nm) heavy
      meromyosin subfragment 2 (SF2) is a consistent product of all three rods, whereas
      long (approximately 60 nm) SF2 is derived only from skeletal muscle myosin.
      Differential scanning calorimetry was used to follow the thermally induced
      melting transition of the rods and certain of their subfragments. In 0.12 M KCl,
      sodium phosphate buffer, pH 6.2-7.6, the light meromyosin (LMM) and SF2 domains
      of each rod had essentially identical conformational stabilities. Temperature
      midpoints for the melting transitions were 54-56 degrees C for the two smooth
      muscle myosin rods and 50-53 degrees C for the skeletal muscle myosin rod. In 0.6
      M K Cl buffer, melting transitions for the smooth muscle myosin rods were
      essentially unchanged, but skeletal muscle myosin rods showed multiphase melting,
      with major transitions at 43 degrees C and 52 degrees C. The first of these was
      tentatively attributed to LMM, and the second to SF2. In 0.12 M K Cl buffer, the
      LMM transition was stabilised so that it superimposed on that of SF2. No melting
      was observed in any of the rods at physiological temperature. These results
      indicate that, excluding a possible but only narrow hinge region, the entire
      myosin rod has essentially uniform conformational stability at physiological pH
      and ionic strength, and thus that the contractile and elastic properties of the
      cross-bridge exist in the heavy meromyosin subfragment 1 (SF1) domains of the
      molecule.

PMID- 6389131
TI  - Increased ribosomal affinity for mRNA causes resistance to edeine in a mutant of
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - The effect of edeine on the translation of mRNA or poly(U)-directed
      polyphenylalanine synthesis has been studied in an edeine-resistant mutant of
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae under three different experimental conditions: in the
      whole lysate system, in a micrococcal-nuclease-treated lysate, and in a high-salt
      treated lysate. The results indicate that translation of messenger is more
      resistant to edeine in the whole lysate than in the depleted lysates; these
      observations suggest that resistance to edeine is associated with the presence of
      endogenous mRNA. It is shown that 40S mutant subunits have a higher affinity for
      polysomal RNA than 40S wild-type subunits. Since the mRNA binding is inhibited by
      7-methylguanosine 5'-monophosphate, the interaction between polysomal RNA and 40S
      ribosomes is specific for mRNA. The data demonstrate that in each of the depleted
      lysates, with edeine initially present, the formation of the 80S initiation
      complex is inhibited. However, edeine inhibition of [3H]methionine binding to 80S
      ribosomes is overcome completely in the mutant extract by preincubation of this
      lysate with polysomal RNA. The results indicate that the mutant may carry a
      specific change in a messenger-binding factor or in a ribosomal protein thereby
      permitting an increased stability of the messenger-ribosome complex which
      consequently results in an increased resistance of the mutant lysate to edeine.

PMID- 6389132
TI  - Yeast tRNAAsp: codon and wobble codon-anticodon interactions. A transferred
      nuclear Overhauser enhancement study.
AB  - The conformations of the ribotrinucleoside bisphosphates GpApC and GpApU, the
      codon and wobble codon for aspartic acid respectively, bound to yeast tRNAAsp in
      solution, have been examined by means of time-dependent transferred nuclear
      Overhauser enhancement measurements to determine distances between bound ligand
      protons. The conformations of the two bound ribotrinucleoside bisphosphates are
      shown to be very similar with an overall root-mean-square difference in
      interproton distances of 0.03 nm. The ribose conformations of all the residues
      are 3'-endo; the glycosidic bond torsion angles of the A and C residues of GpApC
      and of the A and U residues of GpApU are in the low anti range. These features
      are typical of an A-RNA type structure. In contrast, the G residue of both GpApC
      and GpApU exists as a mixture of syn and anti conformations. The overall
      conformation of the two bound ribotrinucleoside bisphosphates is also similar to
      A-RNA and the stability of the complexes is enhanced by extensive base-base
      stacking interactions. In addition, it is shown that the binding of the codon
      GpApC to tRNAAsp induces self-association into a multicomplex system consisting
      of four GpApC-tRNAAsp complexes, whereas the wobble codon GpApU fails to induce
      any observable self-association.

PMID- 6389133
TI  - Beta-D-galactoside transport in Escherichia coli. Solubilization in organic
      solvent and reconstitution of binding.
AB  - The beta-D-galactoside transport protein (y-gene product) of Escherichia coli,
      strain T 206, was solubilized in 85-95% yield using the organic solvents
      hexamethylphosphoric triamide at pH 7.5 or butan-1-ol at pH 4.2. The transport
      protein obtained with the former solvent could be incorporated into a defined
      lipid/protein aggregate of density 1.12 g/ml, but no beta-D-galactoside binding
      was restored. Diacylglycerol kinase regained activity in the same lipid/protein
      aggregates. In control experiments, liposomes formed from hexamethylphosphoric
      triamide were found to be active in the valinomycin-mediated uptake of Rb+ ions.
      beta-D-Galactoside binding (3.6-5.7 nmol/mg protein) as well as diacylglycerol
      kinase activity [7 nmol min-1 (mg protein)-1] was reconstituted into
      proteoliposomes from butan-1-ol solution by adaptation of a published procedure
      [Wright, J. K. et al. (1982) Eur. J. Biochem. 124, 545-552]. A microparticulate
      nature of the butan-1-ol-solubilized transport protein could be excluded by gel
      permeation chromatography on a newly synthesized matrix, hydroxypropyl-Sephacryl
      S-300.

PMID- 6389134
TI  - Phosphorylation in vivo and in vitro of the arginine-ornithine periplasmic
      transport protein of Escherichia coli.
AB  - The arginine-ornithine periplasmic binding protein, an essential component of the
      arginine-ornithine transport system of Escherichia coli, was isolated in a
      phosphorylated form and in a non-phosphorylated form from the periplasmic fluid,
      after incubation of intact cells with (32P)orthophosphate under conditions
      similar to those used for arginine transport studies. The binding protein could
      also be labeled with 32Pi by incubation in vitro of the periplasmic fluid with
      [gamma-32P]ATP, or by incubation in vitro of the purified binding protein with
      radioactive ATP, Mg2+ and a phosphokinase enzyme released by osmotic-shock
      treatment. The two forms of the protein were separated by DEAE-Sephacel
      chromatography. By several different criteria, which included binding studies,
      analyses of the amino acid composition of the two forms of the protein, analysis
      by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and testing for
      other components of the periplasmic space with affinities for inorganic
      phosphate, it was concluded that the 32P-labeled protein corresponds to a
      phosphorylated form of the arginine-ornithine-binding protein. The
      phosphorylation reaction required Mg2+ and a phosphokinase from the periplasmic
      fluid. The dissociation constant of the phosphorylated protein for arginine was
      5.0 microM (dissociation constant of the unmodified protein equals 0.1 microM),
      suggesting that the chemically modified protein is the active form of the
      molecule which releases the ligand for its translocation through the cytoplasmic
      membrane. The pH-stability profile of the phosphoprotein has a 'U'-shape
      characteristic of acyl phosphates. Reaction of the phosphorylated binding protein
      with hydroxylamine at pH 5.4, also released Pi from the phosphoprotein. These
      properties suggest that the phosphoryl group of the phosphoprotein is linked
      covalently to a carboxyl function of the protein. This information indicates that
      ATP is a direct energy donor for the active transport of arginine and ornithine
      in E. coli, and a step of phosphorylation of the arginine-ornithine-binding
      protein appears to be involved in the utilization of the phosphate bond energy by
      the arginine-ornithine transport system.

PMID- 6389135
TI  - Protease inhibitors from the parasitic worm Parascaris equorum.
AB  - Two proteic inhibitors (I and II) of serine proteases have been purified from the
      parasitic worm Parascaris equorum by affinity chromatography on immobilized
      trypsin followed by preparative electrophoresis. They have an apparent relative
      molecular mass of 9000 and 7000 as determined by gel filtration, a slightly acid
      isoelectric point (5.5 and 6.1) and a similar amino acid composition. Both
      inhibitors lack serine, methionine and tyrosine. They bind bovine trypsin
      extremely strongly with an association constant, Ka, larger than 10(9) M-1, and
      form a 1:1 complex with this protease. The Ka values for the binding to bovine
      chymotrypsin are approximately 3.3 X 10(8) M-1 (inhibitor I) and approximately 2
      X 10(6) M-1 (inhibitor II). Inhibitor I interacts also with porcine elastase (Ka
      approximately 5 X 10(7) M-1), while inhibitor II is inactive towards this enzyme.

PMID- 6389136
TI  - The entry ECG in the early diagnosis and prognostic stratification of patients
      with suspected acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - 475 patients with suspected uncomplicated myocardial infarction (MI) were divided
      into 3 groups based on their entry ECG: group 1--significant ST elevation; group
      2a--ST depression or T inversion; group 2b--normal ECG. Infarction was confirmed
      in 99.7% of group 1, 68.5% of group 2a and 39.7% of group 2b patients. Despite
      similar clinical, haemodynamic and historical variables at presentation, group 1
      patients had significantly larger MI, more in-hospital complications and a higher
      short-term and long-term mortality (P less than 0.005) than group 2 patients. The
      entry ECG of patients with suspected MI is an excellent and simple predictor of
      those who are most likely to have an MI confirmed and identifies a group of
      patients at high risk of death or developing complications.

PMID- 6389138
TI  - Very early intervention with beta-blockade in acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6389137
TI  - The haemodynamic effects of left ventriculography in coronary artery disease and
      mitral valve disease: a comparison of high and low osmolality contrast media.
AB  - We compared the haemodynamic effects of a low osmolality contrast medium Hexabrix
      320 (meglumine/sodium ioxaglate) with a high osmolality medium Urografin 370
      (meglumine/sodium diatrizoate) in 32 patients. Each underwent left
      ventriculography with both media, which caused similar small and transient
      increases in heart rate and systolic pressure. In 15 patients with coronary
      artery disease, the mean left ventricular end-diastolic pressure increased by 4
      mmHg after hexabrix compared with 10 mmHg after urografin (P less than 0.01); it
      returned to normal more quickly after hexabrix. Changes after both media did not
      correlate with baseline end-diastolic pressure, ejection fraction, or extent of
      coronary artery disease, and thus left ventriculography was unhelpful as a stress
      test. In 14 patients with mitral stenosis, hexabrix produced a smaller increase
      in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (P less than 0.001), left atrial
      pressure (P less than 0.01) and mitral valve gradient (P less than 0.05) than
      urografin. Patients preferred the low osmolality medium (P less than 0.01). There
      was no difference in angiographic quality. We advocate low osmolality contrast
      media for patients with poor left ventricular function or severe mitral stenosis.

PMID- 6389139
TI  - Mechanisms contributing to arrhythmias during ischaemia and infarction.

PMID- 6389140
TI  - Pathophysiology of re-entrant dysrhythmias.
AB  - Re-entry was demonstrated as a self-perpetuating mechanism as early as 1906. It
      may lead to single-cycle electrocardiographic phenomena as well as reciprocating
      tachycardias. Factors favouring re-entry are as follows. Unidirectional or
      temporary local block of conduction, a mechanism always involved in initiation of
      reciprocating rhythms but also of importance for the maintenance of the
      arrhythmia. Increased myocardial mass. Decreased conduction velocity. Accelerated
      repolarization, e.g. short refractoriness. Increased dispersion of
      refractoriness. Regular reciprocating tachycardias utilize re-entrant mechanisms
      and are found in all components of the excitable cardiac tissue. Examples of such
      arrhythmias are reciprocating sinus tachycardia (RST), reciprocating atrial
      tachycardia (RAT), reciprocating junctional tachycardia (RJT), reciprocating
      atrioventricular tachycardia in connection with accessory pathways and
      ventricular tachycardia in the chronic stages of myocardial infarction. Re-entry
      mechanisms are also involved in fibrillation and flutter, in atria as well as in
      ventricles.

PMID- 6389141
TI  - Cardiac arrhythmias in infancy: prevalence, significance and need for treatment.

PMID- 6389142
TI  - Can chronic antidysrhythmic treatment prevent sudden death?
AB  - With the exception of beta-blockers, the potential benefits of chronic treatment
      with antidysrhythmic agents have been inadequately evaluated. Six randomized
      controlled clinical trials with at least 100 post-myocardial infarction in
      patients have been reported. The largest study had 568 patients. For total
      mortality, no significant difference between treatment and control was noted.
      Sudden cardiac death was reported in only three of the trials. The clinical trial
      data for patients without acute myocardial infarction are also scanty and
      inconclusive. Additional clinical trials of adequate sample size and appropriate
      design are needed in order to assess whether chronic antidysrhythmic therapy
      prevents sudden death.

PMID- 6389143
TI  - A technique for motion correction in dynamic scintigraphy.
AB  - A technique of correction for patient movement occurring during computer
      acquisition of a time series of gamma camera images using two point sources
      attached to the subject is described. The application of the method in
      scintillation camera renography is presented and its merits and limitations
      discussed.

PMID- 6389145
TI  - Perspectives for the use of high-dose chemotherapy in the treatment of solid
      malignant tumors.

PMID- 6389144
TI  - Ureteral fistula after renal transplantation: the significance of delayed images.
AB  - Urinary leakage after renal transplantation is a serious complication that can
      lead to diagnostic difficulties. A case is reported of urinoma secondary to
      ureteral fistula characterized in the routine study by a photon-deficient area.
      Only the image obtained at 6 h allowed a correct diagnosis. The causes for this
      are discussed and the need to include a delayed study in the follow-up protocol
      of these patients is emphasized.

PMID- 6389146
TI  - Protection by bone marrow grafts against lethal doses of 5-fluorouracil.
AB  - C3H (H-2k) mice were treated with lethal doses of the antimetabolite 5
      fluorouracil (5-FU). After 16 hr the mice received an intravenous injection of 25
      X 10(6) syngeneic or allogeneic bone marrow cells. With syngeneic cells, survival
      after a single dose of 350 mg/kg 5-FU was increased from 27 to 83% and after 450
      mg/kg 5-FU from 14 to 84%. Allogeneic CBA (H-2k) donor cells allowed 81% of the
      mice to survive after 350 mg/kg 5-FU and 42% after 450 mg/kg 5-FU. Allogeneic
      marrow from A (H-2a) donors was ineffective after both doses of 5-FU. The results
      show that the lethality of 5-FU is largely prevented by a hemopoietic graft.
      Experimentally, 5-FU belongs to the agents which may be applied in cancer
      chemotherapy at lethal and thus potentially tumor-eradicative doses in
      combination with autologous or syngeneic bone marrow. In humans it remains to be
      seen whether the use of this protocol is precluded by prevailing gut toxicity.

PMID- 6389147
TI  - Emesis due to cancer chemotherapy: results of a prospective, randomised, double
      blind trial of varying doses of metoclopramide in the management of cis-platinum
      induced vomiting.
AB  - A randomised, double-blind prospective trial was conducted to determine the
      relative anti-emetic efficacy of three dose levels of metoclopramide in cancer
      patients receiving combination chemotherapy including cis-platinum. With
      consecutive courses of chemotherapy, 60 patients received doses of either 3,5 or
      10 mg/kg metoclopramide (50, 54 or 55 courses respectively) in a randomly
      assigned sequence. Major control of emesis (less than or equal to 2 vomits) was
      achieved in 38% of 159 patient treatments. There were no significant differences
      in either anti-emetic efficacy or the incidence of side-effects between the three
      doses used. It is concluded that while metoclopramide is an effective anti-emetic
      for patients receiving cisplatinum therapy, no advantage accrues to the use of
      doses in excess of 3 mg/kg (total dose).

PMID- 6389148
TI  - Studies of three canine mammary carcinoma cell lines--I. In vitro properties.
AB  - Three cells lines, REM 134, 111 and 367, have been derived from canine mammary
      carcinomas and their morphological characteristics in vitro are described. They
      are tumorigenic in athymic nude mice, have no demonstrable fibronectin on their
      cell surfaces and exhibit a varied pattern of lectin binding. They can be cloned
      in semi-solid agar. One line, REM 134, responds to oestrogen and luteotropic
      hormone in vitro, although none of the three had demonstrable oestrogen
      receptors.

PMID- 6389149
TI  - Selective attention deficits in learning disabled children: analysis of the data
      base.

PMID- 6389150
TI  - Directions in vocational services for moderately retarded persons in Newfoundland
      and Labrador.

PMID- 6389151
TI  - Introduction to A.T. Welford's "Between bodily changes and performance: some
      possible reasons for slowing with age".

PMID- 6389152
TI  - Between bodily changes and performance: some possible reasons for slowing with
      age.
AB  - A number of models are outlined which attempt to account for relationships
      between various bodily, and especially neural, changes and the widespread slowing
      of performance observed in old age. Muscular and neuromuscular changes can
      account for some types of slowing, but most types are attributable to central
      mechanisms. The accumulation of small increments of time in a long chain of cells
      from sensory input to motor output is shown to be an inadequate explanation.
      Correlations between reaction time, EEG alpha cycle-time and age are in line with
      the widespread tendency for increases of reaction time with age to be
      proportional, but do not take account of errors. A powerful model which does
      consider both time and errors is derived from the fact that signals from sense
      organs and within the brain have to be distinguished against a background of
      random activity ("noise") both in the signals themselves and in the central
      nervous system, and slowing of performance with age results from a fall in signal
      to-noise ratios. This leads in some circumstances to absolute and in others to
      proportional increases of time taken by older people. Interacting with these
      factors are tendencies by older people to adopt higher criteria for responding,
      and to spend more time monitoring their actions. Certain cases in which there is
      a disproportionate increase with age of time taken appear to occur when memory is
      involved in holding data temporarily while other data are gathered to arrive at a
      decision. The several stages of information processing from input to output are
      affected by slowing with age differently in different tasks, so that detailed
      study of various aspects of tasks is needed to account for overall effects
      observed.

PMID- 6389154
TI  - Characterization of stromal cell populations in the developing thymus of normal
      and nude mice.
AB  - The role of the thymic stromal components in T cell maturation has been
      investigated by compairing stromal composition in the developing thymus of normal
      mice with that of nude mice which are unable to support thymopoiesis. Stromal
      cell populations have been characterized using monoclonal antibody recognizing
      class II (Ia) major histocompatibility complex antigens, monoclonal antibody A2B5
      recognizing GQ gangliosides characteristic of neuroendocrine cells and monoclonal
      antibody LE.61 recognizing a determinant associated with the tonofilaments of
      simple epithelia. Using these probes we have shown that the majority population
      of Ia+, LE.61+ cells is distinct from the A2B5+ stromal population and that both
      these populations appear early in normal thymus development showing a similar
      pattern in vivo and in thymus lobes developing in organ culture. In the nude
      thymic rudiment both Ia and LE.61 labeling are absent supporting previous
      conclusions on the epithelial nature of the thymic defect in these animals. In
      contrast, A2B5+ cells are present in the nude thymic rudiment indicating that
      these cells are unlikely to share the same developmental origin as the Ia+
      epithelial population. In functional terms these results suggest that the Ia+
      LE.61+ components, deficient in the nude mouse, are essential for normal thymus
      function and that whatever the function of the A2B5+ population, alone they are
      not sufficient to support thymocyte development.

PMID- 6389155
TI  - Thymic hormone-containing cells VI. Immunohistologic evidence for the
      simultaneous presence of thymulin, thymopoietin and thymosin alpha 1 in normal
      and pathological human thymuses.
AB  - The localization of the three best-defined thymic hormones, namely, thymulin,
      thymopoietin and thymosin alpha 1 was studied by immunofluorescence using
      antibodies directed against these three molecules. With both human thymus frozen
      sections and cultured cells, thymic hormones were found exclusively in the
      epithelial component (recognized by its keratin content), in normal as well as
      pathological thymuses. The double-labeling experiments using the different anti
      thymic hormone antibodies showed that the same epithelial cells contained the
      three hormones. These results suggest that the production of different hormones
      in the thymus is accomplished by the same epithelial cells.

PMID- 6389153
TI  - Metabolic parameters after changing from hydrochlorothiazide to verapamil
      treatment in hypertension.
AB  - The effect of verapamil on different metabolic parameters has been studied after
      changing the treatment of hypertension from hydrochlorothiazide to verapamil
      monotherapy. Verapamil 80 to 160 mg b.i.d. was continued for 6 months. The
      antihypertensive efficacy of verapamil was comparable to that of
      hydrochlorothiazide. Plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol,
      triglycerides and free fatty acids did not change significantly after the change
      in treatment; serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were
      7.28 +/- 1.80 (m +/- SD), 5.11 +/- 1.59 and 1.65 +/- 0.39 mmol/l at the end of
      the hydrochlorothiazide period and 7.10 +/- 1.92, 5.09 +/- 1.70 and 1.56 +/- 0.35
      mmol/l at the end of the verapamil period, respectively. The only statistically
      significant differences were the increases in total and LDL-cholesterol after
      three months on verapamil as compared to the basal values before diuretic
      therapy. Marked changes were not observed in fasting blood glucose, insulin or C
      peptide values. Serum uric acid concentration decreased significantly (p less
      than 0.001) from 326 +/- 66 to 252 +/- 53 mmol/l, and serum potassium level
      increased significantly (p less than 0.01) from 3.5 +/- 0.4 to 3.9 +/- 0.3
      mmol/l, on verapamil as compared to the diuretic period. Serum calcium decreased
      from 2.45 +/- 0.10 to 2.37 +/- 0.08 mmol/l (p less than 0.01) and calcium
      excretion increased significantly (p less than 0.01) to 5.43 +/- 2.55 mmol/24 h
      during verapamil administration from the level of 3.56 +/- 2.78 mmol/24 h whilst
      on the diuretic.

PMID- 6389156
TI  - Prostacyclin modulates the responses to leukotrienes C4 and D4 of guinea-pig
      airway smooth muscle.
AB  - Superfusion of lung parenchymal strips or tracheal strips from the guinea-pig
      with effluent from perfused isolated lungs reduced the contractions elicited by
      leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and leukotriene D4 (LTD4) but not those elicited by
      acetylcholine (ACh). Incubation of the lung perfusate for 15 min at 37 degrees C
      removed the inhibitory effect, as did treatment of the lungs with indomethacin
      (0.5 microgram ml-1) suggesting that a labile cyclo-oxygenase product was causing
      the inhibition. Addition of prostacyclin (0.8-5.0 ng ml-1) to the fluid
      superfusing tracheal and parenchymal strips produced a dose-related decrease in
      leukotriene-induced contractions, whereas 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha and PGE2 were
      inactive. Contractions of tracheal strips induced by LTC4 were significantly
      enhanced by infusion of PGF2 alpha. Parenchymal strips usually developed
      tachyphylaxis to repeated doses of LTC4. This tachyphylaxis has less evident in
      the presence of indomethacin (2 micrograms ml-1). Contractions of parenchymal and
      tracheal strips to histamine, acetylcholine and the stable thromboxane mimetic U
      46619 were unaffected by infusion of prostacyclin (5 ng ml-1). These results
      indicate that prostacyclin selectively antagonises airway smooth muscle
      reactivity to LTC4 and LTD4 by a mechanism which remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 6389157
TI  - Effects of sulfonylureas on the actions of insulin and insulin-mimickers:
      potentiation of stimulated hexose transport in adipocytes.
AB  - The sulfonylurea glyburide, a 'second-generation' oral hypoglycemic compound, was
      studied in vitro in order to determine its cellular mechanism of action in
      adipocytes prepared from cultured rat epididymal fat tissue. Glyburide treatment
      (1 microgram/ml) for 20 h did not alter insulin receptor number or affinity, or
      down-regulation by insulin. Biologic responses of these cells were measured in
      the presence of insulin or the oxidants Vitamin K5 and H2O2, which have insulin
      like activity, but do not act through the binding portion of the receptor. 2
      Deoxyglucose uptake was not significantly changed by exposure to glyburide alone.
      However, the sulfonylurea increased the insulin-stimulated or insulin-mimicker
      activated uptake by approximately 30%. Insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation was
      also potentiated when glucose transport was rate limiting for metabolism. These
      findings extend our earlier observation that in adipose tissue the primary
      cellular mechanism of action of sulfonylureas is to potentiate insulin-stimulated
      hexose transport, and that this process may account for their hypoglycemic
      activity.

PMID- 6389158
TI  - Dopamine D1-receptor stimulation reduces neostriatal cholecystokinin release.

PMID- 6389159
TI  - Molecular analysis of erythropoiesis. A current appraisal.
AB  - This article considers recent evidence concerning the molecular mechanisms
      involved in the coordinate regulation of gene expression during red blood cell
      (RBC) differentiation. Contrary to popular belief, recent evidence shows that
      only a few of the characteristic RBC proteins are restricted to the erythroid
      lineage: apart from the globins, an RBC lipoxygenase and (possibly) glycophorin
      are the only examples for which there is reasonably good evidence. In contrast,
      the proteins forming the RBC cytoskeleton (spectrin, ankyrin, band 4.1, actin and
      possibly the major anion exchange transmembrane protein by which the cytoskeleton
      is attached to the plasma membrane) have closely-related variants in other cell
      types. Yet two beta-spectrin variants are found exclusively in certain terminally
      differentiated cells, often only in certain specific regions of the cell
      membrane. Certain RBC isozymes (e.g. for pyruvate kinase and carbonic anhydrase)
      and an RBC 19 kD protein (ep19) are also expressed only in a subset of other cell
      types. This illustrates the importance of gene families which are differentially
      regulated in certain subsets of cell types during differentiation and
      development. The expression of the globin genes seems to be regulated mainly at
      the transcriptional level, although transport of these transcripts to the
      cytoplasm may be controlled by interactions with other RNAs: stabilisation of
      globin mRNAs by ribonucleoprotein complexes in the cytoplasm may also be
      important. In fact, the expression of the globin genes involves two distinct
      phases: first, structural changes occur in the chromatin surrounding the genes
      (as determined by sensitivity to digestion by nucleases) and these can be
      maintained independently of any subsequent transcription. In many cases, these
      nuclease-sensitive sites in the chromatin correspond to low-level transcription
      initiation sites and to DNA sequences with regulatory functions when the isolated
      genes are assayed for transcription in vivo after transfection into cells. How
      the unlinked alpha- and beta-globin genes are coordinately regulated is not yet
      understood. Indeed, the alpha- and beta-gene promoters have quite different
      properties as judged by their responses to DNA replication and to factors known
      to affect viral gene function (e.g. the cis-acting SV40 enhancer elements and the
      trans-acting adenovirus regulatory protein, Ela). Other evidence shows that a
      nuclear protein present only in erythroid cells is able to bind to the beta
      globin gene precisely in the region that is hypersensitive to nuclease digestion
      in chromatin from erythroid cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6389160
TI  - Isolation and immunohistochemical characterization of two developmentally
      regulated highly insoluble antigens from the membrane of sinusoidal rat liver
      cells.
AB  - Using sequential extractions with buffers containing or not containing neutral
      detergent, two highly insoluble protein components were found in livers of 30-day
      old rats. These compounds (molecular weights (MW) 52 900 and 33 200 respectively)
      were practically absent from livers of young rats (between 5 and 8 postnatal
      days). After two-third hepatectomy performed on 30-day-old rats followed by a 24
      h recovery, the level of these compounds is drastically decreased (about 50%).
      Monospecific antibodies against these components were obtained. Using
      immunohistochemical techniques, these antigens were localized in the membranes
      (essentially plasma membranes and sometimes internal membranes) of sinusoidal
      cells of adult rat livers. After partial hepatectomy, these antigens are no more
      present in the sinusoidal cells of the regenerating parts of the liver.

PMID- 6389161
TI  - Cell multiplication and type II collagen production by rabbit articular
      chondrocytes cultivated in a defined medium.
AB  - The complexity and the variations in the efficiency of different batches of serum
      stimulated the preparation of a serum-free medium which could promote not only
      growth, but also the differentiation properties of rabbit articular chondrocytes
      in culture. The serum-free medium (SFM) developed in this study contained
      insulin, transferrin, Na-selenite, human fibronectin bovine serum albumin (BSA),
      brain growth factor (BGF) or fibroblast growth factor (FGF), hydrocortisone and
      multiplication stimulating activity (MSA). Primary or secondary cultures of
      chondrocytes in such a medium attained a proliferation rate equal to 70-80% of
      that obtained with chondrocytes grown in a serum control medium. The deletion of
      various factors from SFM indicates that BGF or FGF are the most stimulating of
      growth factors. Insulin was beneficial when used individually; when combined with
      BGF or FGF, they had a synergistic effect on cell proliferation. MSA seemed not
      to play any role in chondrocyte growth in culture. The SFM medium did not modify
      either the morphology or the progression of cells into the cell cycle. It
      moreover allowed the maintenance of the specific function of chondrocytes to
      synthesize type II collagen.

PMID- 6389162
TI  - Synaptonemal complex-associated centromeres and recombination nodules in plant
      meiocytes prepared by an improved surface-spreading technique.
AB  - An improved method of preparing two-dimensional surface spreads of plant
      synaptonemal complexes (SCs) is described. This technique produces clear
      preparations of SCs and, in addition, consistently reveals both centromeres and
      recombination nodules (RNs) in PTA-stained preparations viewed by electron
      microscopy. A preliminary study of RN number and distribution in Allium
      fistulosum indicates that they faithfully reflect the positions of cross-over
      exchange events as revealed by chiasmata.

PMID- 6389163
TI  - Characterization of the Descemet's membrane/posterior collagenous layer isolated
      from Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy corneas.
AB  - The combined Descemet's membrane (DM) and posterior collagenous layer (PCL) of
      Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy corneas were isolated and characterized by
      biochemical and immunofluorescence methods. The amino acid composition of the
      Fuchs' DM-PCL was similar to age-matched normal Descemet's membranes (DM). As
      determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS
      PAGE) and 125I two-dimensional peptide mapping, normal DM and Fuchs' DM-PCL
      contained the same collagen types [type IV and endothelial cell (EC) collagen],
      but a slight discrepancy was seen in the electrophoretic mobility of some
      collagen chains. Immunofluorescence staining localized fibrinogen/fibrin to
      Fuchs' DM-PCL but not to normal DM. These data suggest that the appearance of 110
      nm banded material in sheets and fusiform bundles characteristic of Fuchs' PCL is
      not due to the presence of a new (abnormal) collagen type but may represent
      altered assembly of collagen molecules, and that the fibrinolytic system may play
      a role in the degenerative process of Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy.

PMID- 6389164
TI  - The dissociation of evoked release of [3H]-GABA and of endogenous GABA from chick
      retina in vitro.
AB  - The release of prelabeled [3H]-GABA and endogenous GABA evoked by KCl and
      excitatory amino acid analogs was compared in intact chick retina and retina
      previously lesioned by the neurotoxins, kainic acid and N-methyl-D,L-aspartic
      acid. Significant discrepancies were found in the results obtained by the two
      techniques; and while changes in endogenous GABA release after neurotoxin lesions
      correlated with retinal glutamate decarboxylase activity, a marker for GABAergic
      neurons, the release of [3H]-GABA did not. These results call into question the
      validity of the prelabeling technique for studying GABA release from retina.

PMID- 6389165
TI  - Should corneas from donors receiving a high dose of salicylate be used as grafts:
      an animal experimentation.
AB  - Rabbits were injected intravenously with a single dose of sodium salicylate (350
      mg kg-1) in order to study the following in vivo: (i) the distribution of the
      drug in the various eye tissues and fluids, particularly the cornea and aqueous
      humour, and (ii) transfer of the drug from corneal grafts obtained from donors
      receiving sodium salicylate to the eye tissues of the recipient. In additional
      experiments, the in vitro effects of sodium salicylate on the growth and protein
      synthesis of corneal cells grown in tissue culture were also studied. In vivo
      experiments showed that the periods during which we observed the highest
      concentration of salicylate in the serum and in the eye tissues were within 30
      min and 2 hr respectively following the injection. These experiments also showed
      that salicylate was transferred from the treated donor via corneal graft to the
      recipient's eye tissues where it could still be detected 48 hr after the
      operation. In vitro experiments showed that a 50% inhibition of cell growth was
      obtained at a concentration of about 1000 micrograms salicylate ml-1 while
      protein synthesis was decreased by 50% at a concentration of about 200 micrograms
      ml-1. A consideration of our data from the in vivo and in vitro experiments
      together suggests that ingestion by the donor of high concentrations of
      salicylate may have the potentiality of subjecting the corneal endothelial cells
      to cytotoxic concentrations of the drug thus jeopardizing the success rate of
      corneal graft operations.

PMID- 6389166
TI  - A method for near-continuous determination of aqueous humor flow; effects of
      anaesthetics, temperature and indomethacin.
AB  - A method is described for near-continuous determination of aqueous humor flow.
      The anterior chamber is perfused with push-pull coupled syringes at a low rate
      with a fluid containing labelled albumin. An external circuit is used to
      determine continuously the anterior chamber concentration of the labelled
      protein. The dilution data are analysed on-line by a minicomputer which permits
      rapid calculation of the anterior chamber volume and the rate of flow of aqueous
      humor. The technique and some experiments of technical interest are reported.
      Experiments in monkeys with different anaesthetics resulted in flow values of
      0.99 +/- 0.02, 1.47 +/- 0.09 and 0.99 +/- 0.04 microliter min-1 for
      pentobarbital, urethane and ketamine anaesthesia, respectively. By using 125I
      labelled albumin in one eye and 131I-labelled albumin in the other, it was
      possible to determine flow in both eyes. Highly significant correlation
      coefficients between the two sides were found for the rate of aqueous flow,
      intraocular pressure and anterior chamber volume. Rapid changes in inflow into
      the anterior chamber from the posterior chamber were produced by elevating and
      then lowering the intraocular pressure; the delay inherent in the method was
      about 6 min. Indomethacin, 3 mg kg-1 body wt., had no effect on aqueous humor
      flow in eyes cannulated with a minimum of trauma. In eyes with problematic
      cannulation indomethacin at this dose tended to delay an irritation response.
      Changes in temperature of the fluid perfused through the anterior chamber had no
      clear effect on the rate of aqueous flow. Warming the animals about 3-4 degrees C
      above the normal temperature tended to increase the rate of aqueous flow. Cooling
      by 3-4 degrees C had no clear effect. Cooling after an initial warming also had
      no clear effect. The rate of flow of aqueous humor from the anterior chamber to
      the general circulation was calculated from data for the accumulation of labelled
      albumin in the general circulation. The difference between the rate of aqueous
      flow determined from the dilution data and the flow into blood was assumed to
      represent uveoscleral flow. In 14 animals with an aqueous flow of 1.19 +/- 0.08
      microliters min-1 the flow to the general circulation was 0.57 +/- 0.055 and
      uveoscleral flow 0.61 +/- 0.09 microliters min-1. The procedure and mathematical
      treatment will be applicable to flow determinations with other large molecules
      and in other systems.

PMID- 6389168
TI  - Plasmodium falciparum: carbohydrates as receptor sites of invasion.
AB  - Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and trisaccharides were tested as inhibitors of
      the in vitro growth of Plasmodium falciparum (strain FCB). While certain
      monosaccharides (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, D-mannose, and 3-O-methyl-D-glucose)
      proved to exhibit a toxic or reversibly retarding effect on the intraerythrocytic
      development of the parasite, the corresponding alpha- or beta-methylglycosides
      did not. Several methylglycosides, synthetic di- and tri-saccharides, and
      artificial blood group antigens were further tested for inhibitory effects on
      invasion of host red blood cells in vitro. The synthetic disaccharides beta
      DGlcNAc(1----4) alpha DManOMe and beta DGlcNAc(1----4) DGlcNAc (chitobiose) were
      good inhibitors of invasion at 10 mM concentration, whereas beta DGal(1----4)beta
      DGlcNAcOMe was negligibly inhibitory. The inhibition rate of N-acetyl-D
      glucosamine, beta-glycosidically linked to bovine serum albumin (BSA) by an
      alipathic spacer, -(CH2)8CO-, was not enhanced, compared to the corresponding
      hapten, beta DGlcNAcO(CH2)8COOCH3. The inhibition rates of blood group A- and B
      trisaccharide haptens, which were inhibitors of invasion, were also not
      significantly enhanced when coupled to BSA by way of the corresponding amide
      spacer, -(CH2)2NHCO(CH2)7CO-. A remarkable enhancement of the inhibition rate
      was, however, observed when beta DGal(1----3) alpha
      DGalNAcO(CH2)2NHCO(CH2)7COOCH3 (T-hapten) was coupled to BSA. A clear-cut
      decrease in the inhibition rates of different beta-glycosides of N-acetyl-D
      glucosamine, beta DGlcNAcOR, was observed, depending on the nature of the aglycon
      R(p-nitrophenyl greater than -(CH2)8COOCH3 greater than -(CH2)2NHCO(CH2)2COOCH3
      greater than -CH3). Also, p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside was a much better
      inhibitor of invasion than the corresponding methyl glycoside, alpha DGlcOMe,
      which was not inhibitory. The properties of the aglycon spacer, used for the
      covalent attachment of the carbohydrate to the carrier protein, may thus be
      crucial for the outcome of the inhibition rate.

PMID- 6389167
TI  - Trichomonas vaginalis, Tritrichomonas foetus, and Trichomitus batrachorum:
      comparative proteolytic activity.
AB  - At least four proteolytic activities were detected in the lysates of each of
      Trichomonas vaginalis, Tritrichomonas foetus, and Trichomitus batrachorum. These
      were HPAase, a dithiothreitol-dependent activity on hide powder azure; AZCase, a
      dithiothreitol-dependent activity on azocasein; and two distinct activities
      towards peptide nitroanilide derivatives--one was optimally active at pH 7 and
      stimulated by dithiothreitol; the other had no dithiothreitol requirement and was
      highly active at pH 5. HPAase and AZCase were active over a broad pH range.
      Overall, with respect to these four activities, T. batrachorum and T. vaginalis
      were quite similar. In contrast, T. vaginalis and T. foetus differed from one
      another in several respects, notably the level of HPAase activity and the
      properties of the dithiothreitol-independent activity. Multiple bands of
      proteinase activity were demonstrated with each species after electrophoresis of
      parasite extracts on polyacrylamide gels containing denatured haemoglobin. They
      appeared optimally at acid pH and in the presence of dithiothreitol. The
      proteinase band patterns of T. foetus were similarly complex (at least six
      bands), whereas T. batrachorum gave a much simpler pattern (three bands). The
      sensitivities to proteinase inhibitors suggested that all the activities were due
      to cysteine proteinases. The results show that there are some similarities in the
      proteolytic activities of all three trichomonad species, and that the two
      parasites of the urinogenital tracts of mammals possess additional features in
      common.

PMID- 6389169
TI  - Trypanosoma cruzi: reversal of inhibition of host muscle differentiation after
      exposure to elevated temperatures.
AB  - The L6E9 myoblast cell line can be grown as individual cells in "growth medium,"
      or can be induced to fuse and differentiate to form multinucleated myotubes
      either at 37 C or at 40.5 C in "differentiation medium." It has previously been
      shown that myoblasts with infected Trypanosoma cruzi (Brazil strain) cannot
      differentiate to form myotubes. Moreover, the mRNAs for contractile proteins are
      not induced in these infected cells. Infected myoblasts grown in "differentiation
      medium" at 37C were unable to differentiate by 7 days. The infection was
      maintained at 100%, and the number of trypomastigotes in the supernatant
      increased with time (peak greater than 10(6)/ml). At 40.5C, however, infected
      myoblasts gradually eliminated their infection. The percentage of parasitized
      cells was reduced to less than 1% by the 7th day of observation. There was also a
      decrease in the number of trypomastigotes in the supernatant. Moreover,
      significant fusion was observed in these cultures by morphological criteria.
      Using 32P-labeled recombinant DNA probes, it was shown that, at 37C, there was an
      inhibition of mRNAs for muscle-specific contractile proteins (myosin heavy chain
      and alpha-actin), whereas nonspecific mRNAs were not inhibited. Furthermore,
      infected myoblasts exposed to 40.5C exhibited no inhibition of mRNAs for myosin
      heavy chain and alpha-actin. Myoblasts cleared of their infection could readily
      be reinfected. This study demonstrates that the inhibition of muscle
      differentiation induced by T. cruzi is reversible when cultures are exposed to
      elevated temperatures.

PMID- 6389170
TI  - The inhibition of lymphocyte mitogenesis by asparaginase: a still unexplained
      phenomenon.

PMID- 6389171
TI  - Developmental physiological optics and visual acuity: a brief review.
AB  - The development of optical and neural factors affecting visual acuity is reviewed
      with the aim of determining the age at which the relationship between optical and
      neural factors become mature. Delayed development of extrastriate cortical and
      indirect visual pathways may account for differences in acuity assessed by
      preferential looking and pattern reversal VEPs.

PMID- 6389172
TI  - Have we underestimated the importance of the thymus in man?
AB  - Recent immunological research has concentrated on the complex and subtle
      interactions between T cells, B cells and accessory cells. In these studies,
      little attention has been given to the adult thymus gland. Modern textbooks of
      disease and anatomy all stress that the gland undergoes fatty involution with age
      in man but omit reference to the statements here and there in the literature that
      the gland is active and produces lymphocytes throughout life. To suggest that the
      bone marrow, which also builds up fat throughout life, is atrophic and not
      important to adult man would deny all modern hematological concepts. Yet few
      people today take a parallel view of the thymus except perhaps those
      investigating aging and thymic hormones. In both of these areas of research it is
      obvious that the thymus must be active throughout life for continued good health.
      This brief review urges that a thorough understanding of the vital importance of
      the thymus in adult life is now needed. From it could emerge a new philosophy on
      the treatment of immune diseases in both the young (SCID and AIDS patients) and
      in the aged (autoimmune conditions and cancers) and it would aid our treatment of
      patients recovering from illness and from many drug treatments.

PMID- 6389173
TI  - Direct observation of enzyme substrate complexes by stopped-flow fluorescence:
      mathematical analyses.
AB  - The fluorescence changes which occur upon the interaction of enzyme and substrate
      under stopped-flow conditions can provide a sensitive means to directly observe
      ES complexes. The interconversion of the intermediates during catalysis causes
      changes in fluorescence, signaling directly their existence, and allowing their
      quantitation. We have studied extensively an approach which measures
      radiationless energy transfer (RET) between enzyme tryptophanyl residues and a
      fluorescent peptide or ester substrate. Our studies of a number of proteolytic
      enzymes have validated the approach, which is sensitive and applicable to a
      variety of enzymes under a wide range of experimental conditions, including
      subzero temperatures. Direct excitation of fluorescent substrates can also be
      used to observe ES complex formation and breakdown and is complementary to the
      RET approach. Here we review both the RET and direct excitation kinetic
      approaches, with particular emphasis on the mathematical foundations we have
      developed which are critical to the successful interpretation of these or any
      other spectroscopic approach which yields a signal that is unique to the ES
      complex.

PMID- 6389175
TI  - [N. P. Kravkov (on the 60th anniversary of his death)].

PMID- 6389174
TI  - Ultrasound imaging during pregnancy.

PMID- 6389176
TI  - A developmentally regulated disappearance of slow myosin in fast-type muscles of
      the mouse.
AB  - Histochemistry and immunocytochemistry using an antibody to adult rat slow-type
      myosin demonstrated that about 10% of the fibers in the mouse extensor digitorum
      longus and semimembranosus muscles contain slow myosin during the first month
      after birth. In adult animals, these muscles have only 0-08% slow myosin
      containing fibers. These results demonstrate a developmentally linked
      disappearance of an adult-type myosin, and show that the adult phenotype of
      muscle fibers is not necessarily determined before birth as previously suggested.

PMID- 6389177
TI  - Insulin-stimulating protein from human plasma.
AB  - An insulin-stimulating protein was isolated from human plasma by a procedure
      involving Sephadex G-100 chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC. The isolated
      material gave a single band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This
      protein itself had no insulin-like activity, but enhanced fatty acid synthesis
      from glucose in rat adipose tissue explants in the presence of suboptimal
      concentrations of insulin. It also stimulated the effect of insulin on CO2
      liberation from glucose by isolated rat adipocytes and increased the maximal
      response to insulin.

PMID- 6389178
TI  - Stimulatory effects of adenosine, adenosine analogs and insulin on adipose tissue
      lipoprotein lipase activity and their prevention by phosphodiesterase inhibitors.
AB  - Adenosine and its 'Ri'- and 'P'-site analogs, N6-phenylisopropyladenosine and 2'
      deoxyadenosine, stimulate, like insulin, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in
      adipose tissue, an effect which is suppressed by cycloheximide. However,
      adenosine and its analogs do not potentiate the effects of submaximal insulin
      concentrations. As addition of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors abolishes
      the LPL stimulatory effects of insulin, adenosine and its analogs, this study
      suggests that these LPL effects are mediated through common mechanisms which are
      likely a decrease in cyclic AMP and an increase in LPL biosynthesis.

PMID- 6389179
TI  - Neuronal connections of the area postrema.
AB  - The literature dealing with the neuronal connections of the area postrema (AP) is
      reviewed. Although it has been suggested that many regions of the central nervous
      system are directly connected with the AP, convincing evidence exists for only a
      few such regions. Afferent projections have been described from specific
      components of the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves, and efferent connections
      have been reported to the nucleus tractus solitarii and to the parabrachial
      nuclei. In addition, an indirect projection from the AP to the dorsal motor
      nucleus of the vagus nerve exists. Further study is necessary to establish
      whether other important connections occur, and to determine if the connectivity
      of the AP is consistent in various species.

PMID- 6389180
TI  - Misaminoacylation by glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase: relaxed specificity in wild-type
      and mutant enzymes.
AB  - Escherichia coli glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (GlnRS) (EC 6.1.1.18) is a monomeric
      polypeptide of 553 amino acids. Its amino acid sequence and its gene (glnS)
      sequence are known. A structural gene mutation, glnS7, codes for a mischarging
      GlnRS, which acylates some noncognate tRNA species (e.g., su+3 tRNATyr) with
      glutamine. The mutant enzyme was shown to catalyze in vitro the acylation of
      glutamine to su+3 tRNATyr, but not to wild-type tRNATyr. The mutation responsible
      produces an amino acid change in the amino-terminal half of the enzyme.
      Unexpectedly, overproduction of wild-type GlnRS also leads to in vivo mischarging
      of su+3 tRNATyr. In vitro and in vivo studies have not revealed evidence for an
      attenuation or autogenous regulation mechanism for GlnRS, but have implicated
      transcriptional and translational control in the expression of this enzyme.

PMID- 6389181
TI  - Recognition of tRNAs by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases: Escherichia coli tRNAMet and
      E. coli methionyl-tRNA synthetase.
AB  - In previous work we identified several specific sites in Escherichia coli
      tRNAfMet that are essential for recognition of this tRNA by E. coli methionyl
      tRNA synthetase (MetRS) (EC 6.1.1.10). Particularly strong evidence indicated a
      role for the nucleotide base at the wobble position of the anticodon in the
      discrimination process. We have now investigated the aminoacylation activity of a
      series of tRNAfMet derivatives containing single base changes in each position of
      the anticodon. In addition, derivatives containing permuted sequences and larger
      and smaller anticodon loops have been prepared. The variant tRNAs have been
      enzymatically synthesized in vitro by using T4 RNA ligase (EC 6.5.1.3). Base
      substitutions in the wobble position have been found to reduce aminoacylation
      rates by at least five orders of magnitude. Derivatives having base substitutions
      in the other two positions of the anticodon are aminoacylated 55-18,500 times
      slower than normal. Nucleotides that have specific functional groups in common
      with the normal anticodon bases are better tolerated at each of these positions
      than those that do not. A tRNAfMet variant having a six-membered loop containing
      only the CA sequence of the anticodon is aminoacylated still more slowly, and a
      derivative containing a five-membered loop is not measurably active. The normal
      loop size can be increased by one nucleotide with a relatively small effect on
      the rate of aminoacylation, which indicates that the spatial arrangement of the
      nucleotides is less critical than their chemical nature. We conclude from these
      data that recognition of tRNAfMet requires highly specific interactions of MetRS
      with functional groups on the nucleotide bases of the anticodon sequence. Several
      other aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are known to require one or more anticodon bases
      for efficient aminoacylation of their tRNA substrates, and data from other
      laboratories suggest that anticodon sequences may be important for accurate
      discrimination between cognate and noncoagnate tRNAs by these enzymes.

PMID- 6389182
TI  - 13C NMR studies of dynamics and synthetase interaction of [4-13C]uracil-labeled
      Escherichia coli tRNAs.

PMID- 6389183
TI  - Size polymorphism and the structure of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.
AB  - Although aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the same chemical reaction, the
      individual enzymes have a wide range of sizes. Proteolytic digestion has yielded
      active catalytic fragments of two synthetases. A set of gene deletions in a large
      synthetase has been used successfully in the creation of a variety of enzyme
      fragments that have been studied individually; a fragment with about half of the
      total polypeptide is sufficient to aminoacylate tRNA in vivo. The results suggest
      that size polymorphism is caused by fusion, to a core catalytic segment, of
      variable amounts of additional polypeptide sequences. These sequences may serve
      to impart additional functions. For example, in one case, a synthetase binds to
      its own gene promoter and regulates transcription.

PMID- 6389184
TI  - Calmodulin: its potential role in cell proliferation and heavy metal toxicity.
AB  - Increasing evidence indicates that calmodulin, the ubiquitous Ca2+-binding
      protein in eukaryotes, serves as a major intracellular Ca2+ receptor regulating
      the activity or rate of many key enzymes and cellular processes, including a
      potential role in cell proliferation. Certain heavy metals are highly toxic to
      the cell; preliminary findings from our laboratory suggest that these metals
      effectively substitute for Ca2+ in calmodulin. Activation of calmodulin by these
      metals could upset its normal regulation by the cellular flux of Ca2+. Perhaps
      this could constitute in part a basis for the toxicity of these metals in cell
      physiology.

PMID- 6389186
TI  - Conventional and simplified microsurgical isthmic tubal anastomosis compared in
      the rabbit.
AB  - Because the fallopian tube has potential for spontaneous recanalization, a
      simplified technique for isthmic anastomosis has been previously proposed. This
      study compares the simplified technique, which uses only one suture to
      approximate the tube, with a conventional isthmic anastomosis. The nidation index
      and patency rate subsequent to these procedures on the rabbit oviduct were
      evaluated. The conventional anastomosis gave a significantly better nidation
      index (P less than 0.01) and a patency rate (P less than 0.05). Even when tubal
      patency was established with the simplified technique, the nidation index may
      have been less than with conventional anastomosis (P less than 0.07). Gynecologic
      microsurgeons should continue to strive for the best anatomic repair possible
      when performing isthmic anastomosis and not rely on the fallopian tube's
      potential for spontaneous recanalization.

PMID- 6389185
TI  - Reversible inhibition of testicular function by a gonadotropin hormone-releasing
      hormone antagonist in monkeys (Macaca fascicularis).
AB  - The potential of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist to inhibit
      reproductive functions in a male nonhuman primate (Macaca fascicularis) was
      evaluated. Continuous infusion of 2 mg/day of [N-Ac-D-Nal(2)1, D-pCl-Phe2, D
      Trp3, D-hArg(Et2)6, D-Ala10]-GnRH (RS-68439) via osmotic minipumps for 9 weeks
      caused immediate and sustained reduction of serum luteinizing hormone and
      testosterone concentrations and led to azoospermia in three animals and to sperm
      counts less than 5 X 10(6) in a fourth. Testicular histology showed severe
      atrophy of Leydig cells and tubules. The endocrine parameters returned to normal
      within 2 weeks of termination of treatment. Seminiferous tubule function was
      restored 14 to 18 weeks after treatment, as indicated by normal ejaculate
      parameters. It is concluded that chronic GnRH antagonist treatment reversibly
      inhibits pituitary and testicular function in a nonhuman primate. GnRH
      antagonists may thus have a potential for clinical use in fertility control and
      in treatment of androgen-dependent tumors.

PMID- 6389187
TI  - The effect of ultrasound coupling gels on sperm motility in vitro.
AB  - Several of the most commonly used ultrasound coupling gels were found to
      adversely affect sperm motility. These gels should not be used in patients
      undergoing insemination immediately after a transvaginal pelvic ultrasonographic
      examination. Instead, we recommend the use of Proception Sperm Nutrient Douche,
      Nutrient Mixture F-10 (HAM), or nonlubrication of the condom-covered transducer.

PMID- 6389188
TI  - [The comprehensive approach in ecological physiological research (on the 80th
      birthday of D. A. Biriukov)].
AB  - Some aspects of complex studies of human ecological physiology started by D. A.
      Biriukov, are presented. Further development of these studies involved
      investigation into both the general physiological regularities of adaptation and
      its individual-typological differences in humans. These works were performed with
      the aid of analysis of bio-rhythmological structure of neural and vegetative
      processes and connection among separate components of the bio-rhythms of these
      processes which made it possible to define stages of adaptation and individual
      features of human organism's adaptation. D. A. Biriukov's idea of the ecological
      adequacy of signals (the system of ambient factors) is elucidated. Prospects of
      further investigations are determined.

PMID- 6389189
TI  - [The contribution of D. A. Biriukov to embryonic physiology and the further
      development of his ideas].
AB  - Experimental data obtained in embryophysiological studies of D. A. Biriukov's
      school are described as well as the theoretical conclusions drawn from the
      analysis of early ontogenesis' regularities. Findings recently obtained by D. A.
      Biriukov's disciples are presented as well as their the oretical interpretation
      developing further the main lines of embryophysiological study of the organism's
      functions evolution.

PMID- 6389190
TI  - Future potential for financing dental care for the elderly.

PMID- 6389191
TI  - Marginal periodontitis: its treatment with topical and systemic agents. A review
      of the literature, part I.

PMID- 6389192
TI  - Use of bone grafts in endodontic surgery.

PMID- 6389193
TI  - Marginal periodontitis. Its treatment with topical and systemic agents. A review
      of the literature, Part II.

PMID- 6389195
TI  - Medicare issues.

PMID- 6389194
TI  - [Detection of anti-thyroid plasma membrane antibody in patients with various
      thyroid diseases by solid phase enzyme-immunoassay].
AB  - Antibodies against thyroid cell surface antigens have been demonstrated by
      indirect immunofluorescence on viable cells and by mixed hemadsorption using
      monolayer cell culture. Recently quantitative assays using thyroid plasma
      membrane or cultured thyroid cell were also reported. The present study reports a
      novel quantitative assay for the detection of anti-thyroid plasma membrane
      antibody (APA) using solubilized and immobilized thyroid plasma membrane. Thyroid
      plasma membrane purified by sucrose density gradient centrifugation was
      solubilized with Triton X-100 and coupled to CNBr activated Sepharose 4B. Sera
      from patients with various thyroid diseases were incubated with this solid phase.
      Five microliters of serum was sufficient for the assay. After extensive washing,
      immunoglobulin G (Ig G) or immunoglobulin M (Ig M) bound to thyroid plasma
      membrane was detected by horseradish-peroxidase labeled rabbit anti-human Ig G or
      Ig M antibody. Significantly elevated values of Ig G class APA (Ig G-APA) were
      detected in the sera from patients with Graves' or Hashimoto's disease. Some of
      the patients with thyroid adenoma also showed positive Ig G-APA, although all of
      the patients with thyroid cancer had negative Ig G-APA. A significant correlation
      between Ig G-APA and anti-thyroid microsomal antibody (AMA) among patients with
      autoimmune thyroid diseases was observed. No significant correlation, however,
      was found between anti-thyroglobulin antibody (ATA) and Ig G-APA. A large amount
      of thyroglobulin (Tg), which was reported to have the receptor in thyroid plasma
      membrane, inhibited the binding of Ig G-APA does dependently. Ten micrograms of
      ATA and one milligram of bovine serum albumin, however, had no influence on the
      binding. Ig G-APA also significantly correlated with thyrotropin binding
      inhibitor immunoglobulin (TBII). The binding, however, was not inhibited by one
      hundred milliunits of TSH. These findings suggested that most of Ig G-APA was
      bound to different sites from TSH receptor, although some part of Ig G-APA might
      have TBII activity. Ig M class APA (Ig M-APA) among various thyroid diseases was
      also detected. In Graves' disease, more than sixty percent of patients had
      positive Ig M-APA. There was no significant difference in the value of Ig M-APA
      between untreated and treated patients. Positive Ig M-APA was found even in some
      euthyroid patients. Ig M-APA in Graves' disease correlated with neither AMA nor
      TBII. Some of patients with Hashimoto's disease and subacute thyroiditis also
      showed positive Ig M-APA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6389197
TI  - [Training dental technicians. 23. Chromium-cobalt-molybdenum castings of polished
      cast prostheses. 1. Embedding & pouring].

PMID- 6389198
TI  - [Thomsen-block adhesive attachment. What problems are solved by the new system?].

PMID- 6389196
TI  - An unpleasant offer you cannot refuse.

PMID- 6389199
TI  - Positive ways to cope with professional stress.

PMID- 6389200
TI  - Irrigation of the root canal system.
AB  - Debridement of the root canal system is essential for predictably successful
      endodontic therapy. The use of an endodontic irrigant during canal preparation is
      necessary to adequately debride the canal system. A review of the scientific
      evidence related to the desirable properties of an endodontic irrigant indicates
      that a solution of 5.25 per cent sodium hypochlorite is currently the irrigant of
      choice. This chemical agent exhibits powerful antimicrobial activity, is an
      excellent necrotic tissue solvent, and is the most efficient irrigant in removing
      organic debris from the root canal system.

PMID- 6389201
TI  - Principles of endodontic surgery for the general practitioner.
AB  - The purpose of this discussion was to provide a clear, succinct approach and
      rationale to the principles of endodontic surgery. Therefore, by its very nature,
      difficult, unusual, or extensive procedures or circumstances could not be
      covered. Each case presents with its own unique set of circumstances that calls
      upon our diagnostic and treatment-planning acumen to resolve. It is the astute
      and wise practitioner who understands the rationale for this surgical approach,
      who understands the principles involved, and who understands the role of this
      treatment modality in comprehensive patient care.

PMID- 6389202
TI  - The endodontically treated tooth. Restorative concepts and techniques.
AB  - There is not one post, core, or final restoration that can be used in all
      clinical situations. If this were the case, there would not be the need for the
      numerous books on restoration that have been written over the last 3 decades.
      This article has not discussed the merits and shortcomings of the numerous
      restorative concepts and techniques that exist, but rather has concentrated on
      those that we feel are valid and have application today. Dentistry, like the
      other health professions, does not have the luxury of being able to limit those
      variables that occur daily in our clinical practice. We must learn to work with
      these variables and spend less time trying to find the one that applies to all
      cases: the ideal restoration that can be produced for the masses. When we
      understand the basic concepts of how to retain the various restorative components
      and how to protect remaining tooth structure, our ability to answer the numerous
      questions that arise during the restorative process will be facilitated and will
      result in final restorations that are based on sound design principles.

PMID- 6389203
TI  - Making endodontics a little easier.

PMID- 6389204
TI  - [Immunohistology using protein A peroxidase and Helix pomatia lectin].

PMID- 6389205
TI  - Secretory IgA in Schonlein-Henoch purpura.
AB  - 2 young patients with Schonlein-Henoch purpura were investigated to detect
      secretory IgA and secretory component (SC) in skin lesions and urine in
      connection with the upper respiratory and intestinal symptoms at onset. In these
      cases, laboratory findings revealed relative leukocytosis, hematuria, and
      proteinuria in urinalysis, but no elevation of serum immunoglobulin levels and
      ASO titer. In biopsy specimens from purpuric lesions on lower extremities,
      leukocytoclastic vasculitis was found in the upper dermis histologically.
      Immunofluorescence showed deposits of IgG and IgA with SC and joining chain and
      complement at vessel walls in the upper dermis, and SC was deposited at the
      dermoepidermal junction. An attempt to concentrate urine from the patients
      revealed precipitin lines of IgG, IgA, and SC by using Ouchterlony's method.
      These observations suggest that in patients with Schonlein-Henoch purpura
      circulating immune complexes containing secretory IgA and SC deposits in skin
      lesions and kidney exist in connection with the initial involvements on the
      mucous membranes of the respiratory and/or intestinal tracts.

PMID- 6389207
TI  - Tooth alteration procedures prior to partial denture construction. Part 3.

PMID- 6389206
TI  - A new development in post crowns.

PMID- 6389208
TI  - Prosthetics. The acrylic lower partial denture.

PMID- 6389209
TI  - T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte dichotomy in anuran amphibians: III. Assessment and
      identification of inducible killer T-lymphocytes (IKTL) and spontaneous killer T
      lymphocytes (SKTL).
AB  - We have established the existence of alloreactive inducible killer (IK) T
      lymphocytes in Rana pipiens by injecting immunogenic concentrations of allogeneic
      frog erythrocytes (RBC). Assessment of specific IK activity was determined
      microscopically, observing effector-target conjugate formation, and
      spectrophotometrically as released hemoglobin (Hb) from lysed targets (RBC). The
      presence of spontaneous killer (SK) T-lymphocyte activity was also determined
      using unimmunized frogs and similar assay conditions. Assays using rabbit anti
      frog Thy-1.1 antiserum inhibition, but not E-rosetted T-lymphocyte depletion,
      confirmed the T-lymphocyte category of both effector cell populations in Rana
      pipiens. For IK activity, we determined the 1) best priming doses, 2) best
      effector cell source (peripheral blood), 3) best priming route (intraperitoneal),
      4) kinetics of immunity development, and 5) kinetics of lysis. Kinetics of lysis
      and organ distribution for spontaneous killer cells were also determined. Our
      results may assist 1) in establishing the evolutionary origin of cytotoxic T
      lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells, and 2) in predicting where the
      capacity of immuno-surveillance against modified-self appeared in phylogeny. The
      implications are important for understanding origins of mechanisms of resistance
      against neoplastic conditions.

PMID- 6389210
TI  - Variability of basal oxygenation of the fetus--causes and associations.

PMID- 6389211
TI  - The antenatal diagnosis of Potter syndrome (Potter sequence). A lethal and not-so
      rare malformation.
AB  - Bilateral renal agenesis (BRA) or Potter syndrome is a relatively rare congenital
      defect in which agenesis of the kidneys is associated with oligohydramnios,
      pulmonary hypoplasia, characteristic facial features and other abnormalities. The
      etiology is unknown. While the possibility of autosomal recessive inheritance has
      been suggested in familial cases, the syndrome most probably develops as a
      pattern of multiple anomalies derived from one single, mechanical factor. The
      initiating event of this syndrome is oligohydramnios. This condition in the
      neonate is incompatible with life. Unfortunately, these infants are often
      delivered by caesarean section, as it is usually associated with premature
      delivery, and breech presentation is a frequent finding. Consequently the
      prenatal diagnosis of BRA is important in order to avoid unnecessary operations.
      The antepartum diagnosis is possible in most cases by means of ultrasound
      scanning, and should be made in the second trimester, when therapeutic abortion
      is still possible. We have reviewed the obstetric course of 10 women who
      delivered such babies in recent years in our department. In 4 out of 6 cases of
      premature labor and breech presentation the diagnosis was made predelivery, and
      caesarean section was avoided.

PMID- 6389212
TI  - The pregnant rabbit, guinea pig, sheep and rhesus monkey as models in
      reproductive physiology.

PMID- 6389214
TI  - Thylakoid protein phosphorylation: in vitro and in vivo.

PMID- 6389213
TI  - Immunoglobulin and soluble immune complex binding to phagocyte Fc receptors.

PMID- 6389215
TI  - Protein phosphorylation and optimal production of ATP in photosynthesis.

PMID- 6389216
TI  - Control of excitation energy distribution in photosynthetic systems in vivo.

PMID- 6389217
TI  - Hydrocortisone 17-butyrate (Locoid) 0.1% cream versus hydrocortisone (Uniderm) 1%
      cream in the treatment of children suffering from atopic dermatitis.
AB  - A randomized, double-blind, left-right study to compare the therapeutic efficacy
      of hydrocortisone 17-butyrate (Locoid) 0.1% cream with hydrocortisone (Uniderm)
      1% cream was performed in forty children suffering from atopic dermatitis. The
      medications were applied to symmetrical bilateral skin lesions twice daily for a
      maximum of 4 weeks or until complete clinical clearance of such lesions had
      occurred. Complete clearance of skin symptoms was found in 36% of the Locoid
      treated sides and in 23% of the Uniderm-treated sides following 2 weeks of
      therapy and in 60% and 30%, respectively, after 4 weeks of treatment. This
      difference in clearance rate after 4 weeks between both preparations was
      significantly in favour of Locoid cream. The expressed preferences of
      patients/parents and investigator were also significantly in favour of Locoid
      cream, both after 2 and 4 weeks. No serious side-effects were reported during
      this study. It is concluded that Locoid cream is significantly superior to
      Uniderm cream in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children.

PMID- 6389219
TI  - The distribution of marked dermal cells from small localized implants in limb
      regenerates.
AB  - Numerous experiments have demonstrated that skin has a profound influence on the
      pattern of limb regeneration in urodeles. In this investigation, the fate during
      regeneration of marked cells derived from narrow strips of skin inserted into
      different positions around the limb circumference has been followed. Skin strips
      were taken from triploid axolotls and transplanted into diploid sibling animals.
      The distribution of trinucleolate cells was determined at the site of amputation
      and in the regenerated limb. The results indicate that at the time of amputation
      marked cells appear to be localized to the graft, whereas in the regenerated
      marked cells may be found at all proximal-distal levels and at any position
      around the circumference of the limb. These results are discussed in terms of a
      possible mechanism for distal outgrowth.

PMID- 6389218
TI  - A study on the treatment of arterial hypertension with atenolol/chlorthalidone
      tablets: preliminary results of a post-marketing surveillance clinical trial on
      2449 patients.
AB  - A post-marketing clinical trial was carried out in ambulatory patients to assess
      the efficacy and toleration of atenolol (100 mg)/chlorthalidone (25 mg) tablets
      in the treatment of arterial hypertension. Data are reported on a cut-off at 2449
      patients. Analysis of results in the different age groups has shown that after 4
      weeks of treatment there was a mean fall of 16-17% in systolic and of 16-18% in
      diastolic blood pressure. Adequate blood pressure reduction was obtained for all
      age groups. The frequency of adverse reactions/events was low, these being
      reported in only 5.7% of cases. As discontinuation of treatment on account of
      adverse reactions/events occurred in 3.8% of patients, the risk-to-benefit
      relationship of atenolol/chlorthalidone tablets was very favourable.

PMID- 6389220
TI  - The role of actin and myosin in ascidian sperm mitochondrial translocation.
AB  - Fertilization-related sperm mitochondrial movement occurs at a rate comparable to
      other actin-myosin-driven movements and is inhibited by cytochalasin B and N
      ethyl maleimide in Ascidia ceratodes sperm. F-actin was demonstrated in the tails
      and mitochondria using NBD-phallacidin fluorescence. Both actin and myosin were
      also detected on the mitochondrion and in the tail by indirect
      immunofluorescence. Western blot analysis verified the presence of these
      proteins. Boltenia villosa and Cnemidocarpa finmarkiensis also have mitochondrion
      and tail localized actin and myosin. In the tails of all 3 species the
      fluorescence takes the form of discrete spots 0.25-0.5 micron apart. Boltenia and
      Cnemidocarpa sperm have additional actin at the tip of the head and additional
      myosin at the base of the head. The presence of actin and myosin on the
      mitochondrion and in the tail supports a means by which the force for
      mitochondrial movement is generated.

PMID- 6389221
TI  - Differential effects of age versus glycemic stimulation on the maturation of
      insulin stimulus-secretion coupling during culture of fetal rat islets.
AB  - We have cultured islets from 21.5-day-old fetal rats for 1-7 days in RMPI
      1640/10% fetal calf serum containing 2.8 or 11.1 mM glucose to evaluate the
      differential effects of age vis-a-vis glycemic stimulation on the maturation of
      selected components of stimulus-secretion coupling. After 1 day of culture in
      either media, acute stimulation with 3.0 mg/ml glucose during basal perifusion
      with 0.5 mg/ml glucose elicited only a small first phase of stimulated insulin
      secretion and no second phase. The acute exposure to 3.0 mg/ml glucose produced
      no change in the prevailing high rates of oxygen consumption (QO2) and caused
      only minor increments in phosphate efflux (i.e., peak values for phosphate flush
      of 126 +/- 16% of baseline for islets that had been cultured in 11.1 mM glucose
      and 162 +/- 30% for islets cultured in 2.8 mM glucose). After 7 days of culture
      in 11.1 mM glucose, acute stimulation with 3.0 mg/ml glucose increased Qo2 (as in
      adult islets) and effected acute increases in the AT32P and GT32P content of
      prelabeled islets. The 3.0 mg/ml glucose also triggered phosphate flush to 599 +/
      45% of baseline and elicited first as well as early second phases of stimulated
      insulin secretion that replicated the performance of adult islets. By contrast,
      after 7 days of culture in 2.8 mM glucose, similar acute exposures of fetal
      islets to 3.0 mg/ml glucose effected only a small first phase and a negligible
      second phase of stimulated insulin secretion despite the occurrence of the same
      increments in Qo2 as after culture in 11.1 mM glucose, highly significant
      increases in AT32P and GT32P, and phosphate flushes that peaked at 306 +/- 16% of
      basal values. Thus, the ontogeny of individual components of stimulus-secretion
      coupling may occur in asynchronous fashion and varying require glycemic
      stimulation in addition to aging per se. The capacities to augment efflux of
      orthophosphate, enhance respiration, and heighten nucleotide turnover in response
      to acute stimulation with glucose seem to mature in large measure in time
      dependent fashion, whereas some chronic exposure to ambient glucose in excess of
      basal levels may be required to establish and/or maintain the other coupled
      components that underlie biphasic stimulated insulin release. However, we did not
      achieve full exocytotic maturation even after 7 days of culture with 11.1 mM
      glucose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6389222
TI  - Lipoprotein-induced insulin resistance in aortic endothelium.
AB  - An in vitro model system employing cultured, adult, bovine aortic endothelial
      cells was used to study the mechanism of insulin stimulation of aminoisobutyric
      acid (AIB) uptake and the effects of low-density lipoprotein (LDL),
      malondialdehyde-altered LDL (MDA-LDL), and B-migrating very-low-density
      lipoprotein (B-VLDL) on this process. The insulin response was maximal after
      treatment with insulin for 2 h (at a concentration of 5 X 10(-8) M). Insulin
      increased the Vmax but not the KM of the uptake response. Increasing the cell
      cholesterol content by a 3-day incubation with malondialdehyde-altered low
      density lipoprotein or B-very-low-density lipoprotein, but not low-density
      lipoprotein, resulted in resistance to the action of insulin. This resistance was
      not due to a decreased number of insulin receptors or to a decreased receptor
      affinity. Additionally, the resistance was not abolished by increasing the time
      of insulin exposure or the concentration of insulin to which the cells were
      exposed. These findings suggest a postreceptor defect either at the membrane
      level or intracellularly.

PMID- 6389223
TI  - beta-Hydroxybutyrate increases the insulin sensitivity of adipocyte glucose
      transport at a postreceptor level.
AB  - The effect of insulin on glucose transport (2-deoxyglucose uptake) in adipocytes
      was measured in the absence and in the presence of 10 mM sodium-DL-beta
      hydroxybutyrate. The ketone body had little or no effect on the basal or the
      maximally insulin-stimulated rate of transport. However, beta-hydroxybutyrate
      potentiated the effect of submaximal concentrations of insulin, i.e., it resulted
      in a leftward shift in the dose-response curve. The half-maximally effective
      concentration of insulin was decreased by approximately 30% from 0.58 ng/ml to
      0.40 ng/ml. beta-Hydroxybutyrate caused a slight (approximately 10%) increase in
      125I-insulin binding to the cells. To determine whether this small increase in
      insulin binding is responsible for the increased insulin sensitivity in the
      presence of the ketone, two mimickers of insulin action were used: a serum
      containing anti-insulin receptor antibodies and hydrogen peroxide. beta
      Hydroxybutyrate increased the sensitivity of glucose transport to stimulation by
      the anti-receptor antibody, demonstrating that insulin itself does not have to be
      present. beta-Hydroxybutyrate also potentiated the effect of hydrogen peroxide
      (which acts at a level distal to the insulin receptor) even in cells that had
      been depleted of insulin receptors by trypsin treatment. Therefore, beta
      hydroxybutyrate acts, at least partly, at a post-insulin receptor level.
      Adenosine increases the insulin sensitivity of adipocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6389224
TI  - A new approach to the detection of autoantibodies against insulin receptors that
      inhibit the internalization of insulin into human cells.
AB  - It has been shown that the conjugate of the fragment A of diphtheria toxin to
      insulin is cytotoxic to cultured cells bearing insulin receptors, apparently
      through the endocytosis of fragment A. We examined the effect of autoantibodies
      against insulin receptors on the cytotoxicity of the conjugate. The conjugate was
      cytotoxic to a rat fibroblast cell line that was resistant to the intact toxin,
      and the cytotoxicity was inhibited by exogenous insulin, indicating that the
      fragment A underwent endocytosis through insulin receptors. Immunoglobulins from
      three patients with type B syndrome of insulin-resistant diabetes blocked the
      cytotoxicity of the conjugate to Chang's liver cells in a dose-dependent manner.
      When the cells were pretreated with the immunoglobulins, cytotoxicity of the
      conjugate was also blocked. These results suggest that autoantibodies against
      insulin receptors interfere with the binding of the conjugate to insulin
      receptors or with the endocytosis of fragment A after binding. This assay system
      seems useful for detecting autoantibodies against the determinants that are
      involved in the internalization of the ligand-receptor complex.

PMID- 6389225
TI  - In vitro activity of biosynthetic human proinsulin. Receptor binding and biologic
      potency of proinsulin and insulin in isolated rat adipocytes.
AB  - The receptor binding characteristics and biologic protency of biosynthetic human
      proinsulin (rDNA) were determined in isolated rat adipocytes and compared with
      those of insulin. In competition with 125I(A14)-iodoinsulin for binding to
      adipocyte receptors at 15 degrees C, proinsulin showed a 100-fold lower affinity
      for binding than did insulin. A proinsulin concentration of 3.2 +/- 0.8 X 10(-7)
      M was required for 50% inhibition of tracer binding as compared with a
      concentration of 1.7 +/- 0.3 X 10(-9) M for insulin. These results were confirmed
      in direct competition studies using proinsulin and 125I-iodoproinsulin. A similar
      100-fold difference was also observed in competitive binding experiments
      conducted at 37 degrees C. The biologic potency of human proinsulin was evaluated
      by its ability to stimulate glucose incorporation into total fat cell lipid and
      also by its antilipolytic activity. Glucose incorporation into lipid was half
      maximal at a proinsulin concentration of 1.5 +/- 0.4 X 10(-8) M, whereas the same
      response was observed at an insulin concentration of 5.2 +/- 1 X 10(-11) M.
      Proinsulin also demonstrated an antilipolytic potency that was less than 1% that
      of insulin. The time course over which insulin and proinsulin stimulated glucose
      incorporation into lipid was the same, as was the time course over which the
      stimulation dissipated after removal of the hormones. No synergism of insulin and
      proinsulin stimulation of lipogenesis was observed when fat cells were incubated
      with submaximal concentrations of the two hormones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6389226
TI  - Insulin and multiplication-stimulating activity induce a very rapid centrosomal
      orientation response to wounding in endothelial cell monolayers.
AB  - Using serum-deprived monolayers of bovine aortic endothelial cells that were
      disrupted experimentally with a linear wound, we observed, by immunofluorescence
      microscopy, centrosomal perinuclear movement that is associated closely with cell
      orientation and locomotion. In the presence of the growth factors fetal bovine
      serum, insulin, or multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA), the centrosome
      rapidly (within 10 s) translocated and positioned itself between the nucleus and
      wound track in greater than or equal to 70% of cells bordering the wound. Random
      centrosomal orientation was observed in control border cells (50%). This growth
      factor-stimulated centrosomal orientation response to wounding depended on growth
      factor concentration, high-energy phosphates, functional microtubules and
      microfilaments, and calcium-calmodulin interaction. In the absence of fetal
      bovine serum, insulin, or MSA, the border cells of the wounded endothelial cell
      monolayer exhibited a significant centrosomal orientation response 5-6 h after
      wounding.

PMID- 6389227
TI  - Terbium, a fluorescent probe for insulin receptor binding. Evidence for a
      conformational change in the receptor protein due to insulin binding.
AB  - Terbium (Tb3+), an ion of the lanthanide series that has been used as a
      fluorescent probe for calcium (Ca2+) binding sites in proteins, binds to the
      proteins in both solubilized and purified human placental insulin receptor
      preparations. Tb3+ fluorescence was determined directly and the effect of insulin
      binding on Tb3+-enhanced fluorescence was studied without the need to separate
      bound and free ligands. Tb3+ behaved similarly to, but was more potent (50-fold)
      than, Ca2+ in increasing the insulin bound to its receptor. When insulin bound to
      its receptor, the Tb3+ fluorescence of the receptor preparation decreased. When
      various insulin analogues were tested, the decrease in Tb3+ fluorescence was
      proportional to the biologic activity of the insulin analogues. In addition, Tb3+
      could be displaced from insulin-sensitive sites by Ca2+, indicating that there
      were Ca2+ (and Tb3+) binding sites on or near the insulin receptor. These sites,
      when filled, were responsible for the increased insulin receptor affinity. The
      decrease in Tb3+ fluorescence after insulin binding may be indicative of a
      conformational change in the insulin receptor precipitated by the binding of
      insulin. This conformational change may be related to the release of Ca2+ by
      insulin binding, is associated with a decrease in insulin receptor affinity, and
      suggests that an allosteric mechanism involving both Ca2+ and insulin binding
      sites may be responsible for the observed changes in insulin receptor affinity.

PMID- 6389228
TI  - Glucose counterregulation in patients after pancreatectomy. Comparison with other
      clinical forms of diabetes.
AB  - Glucose and counterregulatory hormone responses to a high-dose (1.7 mU/kg/min)
      insulin infusion were studied in 6 patients who had undergone total
      pancreatectomy, and the results were compared with those of normal controls and
      patients with other clinical forms of diabetes. The maximum increase in the
      plasma glucagon concentration during hypoglycemia in the pancreatectomized
      patients (5 +/- 5.6 pg/ml) was less than in normals (121 +/- 22 pg/ml). Type I
      diabetic subjects (28 +/- 14 pg/ml), and insulin-treated diabetic subjects of
      recent onset (36 +/- 12 pg/ml) also had reduced responses, while responses were
      normal in type II diabetic subjects (102 +/- 26 pg/ml). The epinephrine response
      to the hypoglycemic stimulus was reduced after pancreatectomy (278 +/- 81 pg/ml)
      and in type I diabetic subjects (628 +/- 244 pg/ml), but was not different from
      control (858 +/- 126 pg/ml) in type II and recent-onset diabetic patients. There
      was considerable overlap in counterregulatory hormone responses in individual
      patients with and without autonomic neuropathy and with normal or undetectable
      fasting C-peptide concentrations. While the control subjects all experienced
      symptoms of hypoglycemia within a narrow range of plasma glucose concentrations
      (35-46 mg/dl), five of the diabetic subjects experienced symptoms of hypoglycemia
      at plasma glucose levels of greater than or equal to 55 mg/dl, and five had no
      subjective awareness of hypoglycemia despite plasma glucose levels less than 30
      mg/dl.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6389229
TI  - The dynamic insulin secretory response of isolated pancreatic islets of the
      diabetic mouse. Evidence for a gene dosage effect on insulin secretion.
AB  - Expression of the autosomal recessive (db) gene in homozygous (db/db) C57BL/KsJ
      mice results in a severe and eventually fatal diabetic syndrome. Many studies of
      the diabetic mouse have used lean littermates (+/?) as controls despite evidence
      suggesting a gene dosage effect in heterozygous animals. In order to study the
      gene dosage effect of the diabetes (db) gene on insulin release in the
      heterozygote, perifusion experiments were performed on isolated islets of
      Langerhans of diabetic (db/db), heterozygous (+/db), and normal (+/+) control
      mice. Islets of normal controls exhibited a fivefold greater increase in insulin
      release than did those of diabetics in response to 16.7 mM D-glucose. The insulin
      secretory response of islets of heterozygotes to glucose was intermediate, being
      two-fold greater than that of diabetics but only about half of that of normal
      controls. Biphasic insulin release in response to glucose was observed only in
      islets of normal controls. Islets of all three genotypes exhibited biphasic
      insulin release in response to 10 mM D-glyceraldehyde; however, overall insulin
      release in both heterozygotes and diabetics remained diminished as compared with
      the response of normal controls. This is in contrast to the situation we have
      previously reported in islets of fasted or aging rats in which, though
      manifesting defects in glucose-stimulated insulin release, the islets are able to
      respond normally to 10 mM D-glyceraldehyde in respect to both the dynamic
      secretory pattern and quantity of insulin released. Our data suggest a gene
      dosage effect of the (db) gene on glucose-stimulated insulin release in
      heterozygous (+/db) C57BL/KsJ mice.

PMID- 6389230
TI  - Demonstration of a dawn phenomenon in normal human volunteers.
AB  - To ascertain whether the dawn phenomenon occurs in nondiabetic individuals and,
      if so, whether it is due to an increase in glucose production or a decrease in
      glucose utilization, we determined plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, C
      peptide, and counterregulatory hormones, as well as rates of glucose production,
      glucose utilization, and insulin secretion at one-half-hourly intervals between
      1:00 and 9:00 a.m. in eight normal volunteers. After 5:30 a.m., plasma glucose,
      insulin, and C-peptide concentrations all increased significantly; rates of
      glucose production, glucose utilization, and insulin secretion also increased
      (all P less than 0.05). Plasma cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine
      increased significantly from nocturnal nadirs between 4:00 and 6:30 a.m. Plasma
      growth hormone, which had increased episodically between 1:00 and 4:30 a.m.,
      decreased thereafter nearly 50% (P less than 0.05). Plasma glucagon did not
      change significantly throughout the period of observation. These results indicate
      that a dawn-like phenomenon, initiated by an increase in glucose production,
      occurs in nondiabetic individuals. Thus, early morning increases in plasma
      glucose concentrations and insulin requirements observed in IDDM and NIDDM may be
      an exaggeration of a physiologic circadian variation in hepatic insulin
      sensitivity induced by antecedent changes in catecholamine and/or growth hormone
      secretion.

PMID- 6389231
TI  - Role of sympathetic nervous system in glucagon response to insulin hypoglycemia
      in normal and diabetic rats.
AB  - The effects of adrenergic blockers on the glucagon response to insulin
      hypoglycemia were investigated in diabetic (10-15 days poststreptozocin [STZ]
      injection) and age-matched control rats. alpha-(Phentolamine nonspecific but
      predominantly alpha 1), alpha 2-(yohimbine), or beta-(propranolol) adrenergic
      blockers alone or in combination did not affect plasma glucose levels or plasma
      glucagon concentrations, in the basal state, in either control or diabetic rats.
      None of these adrenergic blockers, alone or in combination, inhibited the
      glucagon response to insulin hypoglycemia in control or diabetic rats. On the
      contrary, in control rats, the beta-adrenergic blocker alone or in combination
      with an alpha-adrenergic blocker and in diabetic rats, the alpha-adrenergic
      blocker alone significantly stimulated the glucagon response to insulin
      hypoglycemia. Second, the effects of yohimbine on the glucagon response to
      epinephrine infusion were studied in both young and old rats. Recently, Cherksey
      et al. (Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1982; 171:196-200) have reported that the
      adrenergic receptors on rat pancreatic islet cells are of the alpha 2-subtype.
      Yohimbine (alpha 2-adrenergic blocker) completely blocked the glucagon response
      to epinephrine infusion in both young and old rats, but had no inhibitory effect
      on the glucagon response to insulin hypoglycemia in control and short-term
      diabetic rats. From these observations, it could be inferred that the lack of
      glucagon response to insulin hypoglycemia in long-term diabetic rats is unlikely
      to be explained by an impairment of an adrenergic function.

PMID- 6389232
TI  - Simple and reliable conditions for routine, long-term culturing of fetal human
      pancreatic tissue fragments.
AB  - Fetal human pancreatic tissue fragments were isolated and cultured for 18 wk.
      Insulin production was almost continuous during this period. Multiplication of
      cells was observed at the second week, and these cells later aggregated as
      epithelioid cells and formed pseudoislets. The growth characteristics, insulin
      like immunoreactivity, and endocrine properties of these cells were evidenced by
      light microscopy, immunocytochemistry, electron microscopic examination, and
      measurement of the total insulin content. These results indicate that long-term
      culture of fetal islets may be useful in clinical work and provides a possible
      method for increasing islet mass and reducing immunogenicity.

PMID- 6389233
TI  - Similar metabolic effects of pulsatile versus continuous human insulin delivery
      during euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp in normal man.
AB  - Seven normal volunteers were studied on two different occasions during which 4-h
      pulsatile (PULS: 0.8 mU X kg-1 X min-1, 7.5 min of 15) and continuous (CONT: 0.4
      mU X kg-1 X min-1) intravenous (i.v.) infusions of human insulin (Actrapid HM,
      Novo) were randomly compared. A euglycemic glucose clamp was performed and a 3-3H
      glucose infusion was used for determination of endogenous glucose production
      (EGP) and metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of glucose. Plasma glucose was similar
      in both conditions; plasma insulin was stable at about 29 mU/L (CONT) and
      fluctuated between 10 and 45 mU/L (mean: 28, PULS). Exogenous glucose infused was
      1.137 +/- 0.058 and 1.088 +/- 0.099 g X kg-1 X 4 h-1 in CONT and PULS,
      respectively (NS). EGP was totally suppressed in both conditions. Glucose MCR
      increased similarly to a maximum of 6.71 +/- 0.19 (CONT) and 6.79 +/- 0.59 (PULS)
      ml X kg-1 X min-1 during the fourth hour. C-peptide plasma levels remained
      stable, whereas plasma glucagon, free fatty acids, and 3-hydroxybutyrate were
      similarly suppressed in both tests. Thus, under these conditions, pulsatile and
      continuous insulin infusions have similar metabolic effects. These data contrast
      with those of Matthews et al. (1983) who reported that, at lower plasma
      concentrations (5-19 mU/L), pulsatile insulin had greater hypoglycemic effect
      than did continuous delivery. It is concluded that pulsatile insulin shows no
      greater activity under normoglycemic, moderately hyperinsulinemic conditions in
      man.

PMID- 6389234
TI  - Effect of diabetes and its control on insulin-like growth factors in the young
      subject with type I diabetes.
AB  - The influence of diabetes and its control on circulating levels of growth hormone
      and growth hormone-dependent, insulin-like growth factors (IGF) remains
      controversial. In the present study, the effect of a 1-wk period of intensive
      insulin therapy on growth hormone and IGF I and II has been determined in 19
      young (age 13-22 yr), insulin-dependent (type I) subjects with diabetes mellitus.
      IGF I was low during conventional insulin therapy (198 +/- 20 versus 438 +/- 38
      ng/ml in nondiabetic subjects, P less than 0.001), and rose within the week of
      intensified treatment (to 255 +/- 15 ng/ml, P less than 0.005), concomitant with
      a reduction in plasma glucose from 233 +/- 16 to 110 +/- 5 mg/dl. IGF I rose
      despite a significant fall in mean 24-h growth hormone levels from 14.1 +/- 2.2
      to 9.0 +/- 1.2 ng/ml (P less than 0.02). The mean IGF II value for the diabetic
      subjects (504 +/- 39 ng/ml) was not significantly different from that of the
      nondiabetic control group (506 +/- 30 ng/ml, P greater than 0.3) and was not
      altered by intensified therapy. However, four individual patients with very low
      IGF I also had depressed IGF II (248 +/- 16 ng/ml), which was corrected (to 377
      +/- 35 ng/ml) with improved metabolic control. These data suggest that elevated
      growth hormone levels in poorly controlled diabetes are ineffective in IGF I
      generation and that this defect is at least partially corrected by acute
      improvement in control. The rise in IGF I levels accompanying intensive insulin
      treatment may suppress the excessive secretion of growth hormone.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6389235
TI  - Closed-loop glycemic control with a wearable artificial endocrine pancreas.
      Variations in daily insulin requirements to glycemic response.
AB  - We succeeded in miniaturizing a needle-type glucose monitoring system with
      characteristics suitable for application in a wearable, closed-loop control
      system. A wearable artificial endocrine pancreas (12 X 15 X 6 cm, 400 g)
      consisting of a sensor, a microcomputer system that calculates insulin and
      glucagon infusion rates, and two roller pumps was developed. Continuous glucose
      monitoring by a glucose sensor inserted in the subcutaneous tissue of the forearm
      or abdomen of healthy and diabetic volunteers revealed that glucose
      concentrations in subcutaneous tissue were 10% lower than, but were highly
      correlated with, blood glucose concentrations in the range of 49-388 mg/dl.
      Glycemic control was established in diabetic patients by intravenously infusing
      insulin in response to measured glucose concentrations on a moment-to-moment
      basis for a period of several days. By comparing the glycemic control obtained in
      each patient treated with multiple insulin injections or open-loop subcutaneous
      insulin infusion, the superiority of feedback control with the system was clearly
      demonstrated. During continuous glycemic regulation, day-to-day variations of
      insulin requirements were recognized in both basal insulin infusion and
      postprandial insulin infusion rates in response to identical meals and exercise.
      These data suggest the feasibility of long-term glycemic control in diabetic
      subjects with a wearable artificial endocrine pancreas, and indicate that to
      overcome changes in individual metabolic characteristics on a moment-to-moment
      basis, a closed-loop glycemic control system may be essential for ambulatory
      diabetic patients.

PMID- 6389236
TI  - Immunolocalization of collagen types, laminin and fibronectin in the normal human
      pancreas.
AB  - In order to define the connective matrix organization of the normal human
      pancreas collagen types I, III, pro-III and IV, laminin and fibronectin were
      labeled using specific, antihuman antibodies. Visualization was by indirect
      immunofluorescence. Collagen types I, III and pro-III were present within
      lobules: around acini, ducts and small vessels. Their immunofluorescence reaction
      was particularly obvious in septa and it also outlined interlobular vessels and
      ducts. The type III and pro-III fractions possessed a characteristic, branched
      appearance in many situations, when compared to the more linear type I reaction.
      Collagen type IV, laminin and fibronectin were closely applied to acini, ducts
      and vessels, but in contrast to the other collagen types were absent from septa.

PMID- 6389237
TI  - Favourable outcome of hepatic veno-occlusive disease in a renal transplant
      patient receiving azathioprine, treated by portacaval shunt. Report of a case and
      review of the literature.
AB  - Veno-occlusive disease (VOD) developed in a 45-year-old white male 2 years after
      cadaveric kidney transplantation while receiving combined immunosuppressive
      therapy with prednisone and azathioprine. Early clinical signs at presentation
      included ascites and tender hepatomegaly. The diagnosis of VOD was established at
      laparoscopy and by histological examination of liver biopsies. Azathioprine was
      discontinued. Gross ascites refractory to medical treatment and decreasing liver
      function required surgical treatment by portacaval shunt. Transient postoperative
      complications were hepatic encephalopathy and considerable hyperbilirubinaemia. 8
      months later the patient is well, with stable renal function and no clinical
      signs of hepatic disease.

PMID- 6389238
TI  - Adaptation of the acoustic reflex.
AB  - Acoustic reflex adaptation is reviewed in normal and abnormal auditory systems.
      The measurement variables affecting the acoustic reflex threshold are discussed
      with reference to the intensity level above reflex threshold at which the
      adaptation is measured. The effects of the activator frequency and activator
      intensity level on the time course of normal reflex adaptation are reviewed. The
      diagnostic application of acoustic reflex adaptation is discussed with reference
      to the different definitions of abnormality found in the literature. The acoustic
      reflex patterns, including absence, threshold, and adaptation of the reflex, are
      reported in patients with different degrees of hearing loss, in order to identify
      the false-positive rates associated with cochlear hearing losses. Finally, the
      diagnostic accuracy of acoustic reflexes is discussed in subjects having lesions
      of the CNVIII, brain stem, CNVII, and neuromuscular systems. In summary, a method
      is advocated for measuring acoustic reflex adaptation over 10 seconds, which
      allows analysis at both 5 and 10 seconds. Further research is needed on
      procedural variables including activator intensity level and ipsilateral
      recording methods, which may increase the diagnostic accuracy of acoustic reflex
      adaptation.

PMID- 6389239
TI  - Multiple frequency, multiple component tympanometry: new approaches to an old
      diagnostic problem.
AB  - Tympanometry with low-frequency probe tones provides useful clinical information
      for patients with disorders of the tympanum, the tympanic membrane, and the
      Eustachian tube. Low-frequency, single component tympanometry, however, is
      relatively insensitive to many lesions that affect the ossicular chain. This
      review focuses upon a collection of four, interrelated acoustic measurement
      techniques that have been developed for identification and differential diagnosis
      of those middle ear disorders that do not always yield pathognomonic patterns
      with conventional tympanometry. Specifically, the initial hypotheses, the
      methods, normative data and representative clinical findings are summarized for:
      (1) a multiple frequency magnitude array; (2) a multiple frequency phase-angle
      array; (3) a three-dimensional array; and (4) a differential sound pressure level
      and phase plot.

PMID- 6389240
TI  - The renal metabolism of insulin.
AB  - The kidney plays a pivotal role in the clearance and degradation of circulating
      insulin and is also an important site of insulin action. The kidney clears
      insulin via two distinct routes. The first route entails glomerular filtration
      and subsequent luminal reabsorption of insulin by proximal tubular cells by means
      of endocytosis. The second involves diffusion of insulin from peritubular
      capillaries and subsequent binding of insulin to the contraluminal membranes of
      tubular cells, especially those lining the distal half of the nephron. Insulin
      delivered to the latter sites stimulates several important processes, including
      reabsorption of sodium, phosphate, and glucose. In contrast, insulin delivered to
      proximal tubular cells is degraded to oligopeptides and amino-acids by one of two
      poorly delineated enzymatic pathways. One pathway probably involves the
      sequential action of insulin protease and either GIT or non-specific proteases;
      the other probably involves the sequential action of GIT and lysosomal proteases.
      The products of insulin degradation are reabsorbed into the peritubular
      capillaries, apparently via simple diffusion. Impairment of the renal clearance
      of insulin prolongs the half-life of circulating insulin by a number of
      mechanisms and often results in a decrease in the insulin requirement of diabetic
      patients. Much needs to be learned about these metabolic events at the
      subcellular level and how they are affected by disease states. Owing to the
      heterogeneity of cell types within the kidney and to their anatomical and
      functional polarity, investigation of these areas will be challenging indeed.

PMID- 6389241
TI  - Infusion of insulin impairs human adipocyte glucose metabolism in vitro without
      decreasing adipocyte insulin receptor binding.
AB  - To determine whether hyperinsulinaemia can cause insulin resistance in man and,
      if so, whether this occurs at a receptor or post-receptor site, nine normal
      volunteers were infused with insulin for 6 h at a rate (2 mU X kg-1 X min-1)
      which resulted in steady-state plasma insulin concentrations of 140 +/- 13 mU/l
      and four subjects were infused with saline (0.45%). Isolated adipocytes and
      monocytes were used as models for studying insulin binding, while adipocytes were
      also used to study insulin action in vitro. Adipocyte insulin binding did not
      decrease following infusion of insulin (4.6 +/- 0.5 versus 4.4 +/- 0.4% per 2 X
      10(5) cells, before and after, respectively), whereas monocyte insulin binding
      did (7.2 +/- 0.6 versus 6.2 +/- 0.6% per 10(7) cells, p less than 0.05). Initial
      rates of adipocyte 3-0-methyl glucose transport were decreased in the absence of
      insulin (basal) and at submaximally effective (33.3 pmol/l) but not at maximally
      effective insulin concentrations. At all insulin concentrations and in the
      absence of insulin, rates of glucose conversion to lipids were decreased more
      than 50% (p less than 0.05), whereas rates of glucose oxidation were unaffected.
      This decrease in the rates of conversion of glucose to lipids could not be
      accounted for by the decrease in rates of glucose transport. These results
      suggest that hyperinsulinaemia can cause insulin resistance in man and that, at
      least initially, this occurs at a post-receptor site. Furthermore, the discordant
      effect of hyperinsulinaemia on monocyte and adipocyte insulin binding indicates
      that monocyte insulin binding may not always reflect insulin binding in insulin
      sensitive tissues.

PMID- 6389242
TI  - Response of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity and serum lipoproteins to
      acute hyperinsulinaemia in man.
AB  - In order to assess the short-term effects of hyperinsulinaemia and hyperglycaemia
      on adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity and on serum lipoproteins, we
      measured these variables in ten normal subjects during euglycaemic and
      hyperglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamps. The mean steady-state plasma glucose and
      insulin concentrations, respectively, were 4.7 mmol/l and 101 mU/l during
      euglycaemic moderate-insulin clamp, 4.9 mmol/l and 565 mU/l during euglycaemic
      high-insulin clamp, and 8.8 mmol/l and 148 mU/l during hyperglycaemic clamp.
      Saline infusion was used as control. The adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase
      activity rose significantly over 5 h during high-insulin clamp (p less than 0.01)
      and during hyperglycaemic clamp (p less than 0.05), but did not change during the
      moderate-insulin clamp. The magnitude of change of lipoprotein lipase activity
      from baseline (either rise or fall) was inversely related to the preclamp
      activity during euglycaemic moderate-insulin clamp (r = -0.67), during
      hyperglycaemic clamp (r = -0.68) and during infusion of saline (r = -0.75, p less
      than 0.05). Total serum triglyceride concentration decreased significantly during
      all clamp studies compared with the control experiment. This change was mainly
      accounted for by a decrease of VLDL triglyceride. The LDL cholesterol level fell
      by an average of 5% (p less than 0.05) during the high-insulin clamp and by 10%
      (p less than 0.05) during the hyperglycaemic clamp. The HDL cholesterol level did
      not change significantly. It is concluded that adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase
      activity in man is increased by physiological insulin levels during
      hyperglycaemia and also by supraphysiological insulin levels during euglycaemia,
      but is not influenced by physiological hyperinsulinaemia without
      hyperglycaemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6389243
TI  - Effect of contact material on vibration-induced insulin aggregation.
AB  - The tendency of insulin to form insoluble aggregates is a major obstacle to the
      development of implantable insulin infusion systems for treatment of insulin
      deficient diabetic patients. A test system was developed to examine the kinetics
      of insulin aggregation under controlled conditions of temperature, vibration and
      contact material in an effort to provide design criteria for minimising
      aggregation. The contact materials tested were all potentially suitable for pump
      reservoirs on engineering criteria and included metals (stainless steel, titanium
      and a titanium alloy) and various plastics (polypropylene,
      polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylchloride, polyamide, cellulose butyrate and
      silicone elastomer). The rate of insulin aggregation was markedly affected by the
      nature of the contact material. Hydrophilic materials, particularly polyamide and
      cellulose butyrate (2% of total insulin aggregated after 96 h vibration),
      appeared more compatible with insulin stability than did hydrophobic ones, such
      as polypropylene (16% aggregation) and polyvinylchloride (37% aggregation). A
      specially formulated 'pump' insulin preparation, stabilised by addition of
      polyethylenepolypropyleneglycol, was significantly superior (three to five times
      more stable) to a regular neutral insulin formulation under most, but not all,
      conditions. Standard clinical syringes (polypropylene) performed poorly with both
      insulin formulations but especially with the neutral regular insulin (100%
      aggregation after 96 h vibration). In addition to physical aggregates,
      significant amounts (5%-30%) of the insulin remaining in solution were no longer
      detectable by immuno- or receptorassay in all materials tested.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6389244
TI  - Diabetogenic action of alloxan-like compounds: cytotoxic effects of 5-hydroxy
      pseudouric acid and dehydrouramil hydrate hydrochloride on rat pancreatic beta
      cells.
AB  - The effects on islet morphology and blood glucose concentration of intravenous
      administration of alloxan to rats have been compared with those of two new
      diabetogenic agents, 5-hydroxy-pseudouric acid (5-HPUA) and dehydrouramil hydrate
      hydrochloride (DHU). Administration of alloxan (0.35 mmol/kg) caused a classical
      triphasic change in blood glucose characterised by initial hyperglycaemia,
      subsequent hypoglycaemia and a delayed persistent hyperglycaemia. In contrast, 5
      HPUA and DHU elicited persistent hyperglycaemia as early as 30 min after
      administration. Morphological evidence for degranulation, pyknosis, necrosis and
      widening of pericapillary spaces was obtained with all three agents. However,
      both 5-HPUA and DHU elicit considerably more rapid and extensive changes than
      alloxan, with evidence for extensive pyknosis occurring as early as 15 min after
      administration of DHU and 5-HPUA compared with 24 h for alloxan. The more marked
      potency of DHU and 5-HPUA may be at least partially attributable to the greater
      stability of these agents compared with alloxan, since solutions of DHU or 5-HPUA
      kept for 15 min prior to administration retained full diabetogenic activity,
      whereas similar treatment of alloxan solution completely abolished its
      diabetogenic activity. Since both 5-HPUA and DHU are potential metabolites of
      uric acid, their marked diabetogenic potency raises the possibility of a role for
      uric acid metabolites in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6389245
TI  - Morphological and functional changes of pancreatic B cells in cyclosporin A
      treated rats.
AB  - Cyclosporin A (50 mg/kg orally for 7 days) produced severe degranulation and
      hydropic degeneration of islet B cells in rats. These changes were accompanied by
      hyperglycaemia and hypoinsulinaemia, while the pancreatic insulin content
      decreased by 75%.

PMID- 6389246
TI  - UK prospective study of therapies of maturity-onset diabetes.

PMID- 6389247
TI  - Haemopoietic cell growth factor and glucose transport. Its role in cell survival
      and the relevance of this in normal haemopoiesis and leukaemia.

PMID- 6389248
TI  - [Obstruction of the superior vena cava caused by sclerosing mediastinitis.
      Surgical treatment by bypass with a composite spiral venous graft].
AB  - A 68-year-old woman with obstruction of the superior vena cava due to sclerosing
      mediastinitis was successfully operated on. A composite spiral vein graft was
      interposed between the left innominate vein and the right atrium to bypass the
      occluded superior vena cava. The graft was made using the patient's own saphenous
      vein, which was divided longitudinally and sutured around a cannula in a spiral
      fashion. Indications to surgical intervention in patients with superior vena cava
      syndrome are discussed.

PMID- 6389249
TI  - [Historical analysis of the pre-graduate rotating internship in Mexico].

PMID- 6389250
TI  - [The National Academy of Medicine in the teaching and research activities of the
      nation].

PMID- 6389251
TI  - [The patient in the history of medicine].

PMID- 6389252
TI  - Ribonucleotide reductase and thymidine kinase activities in various cultured cell
      lines derived from hematologic malignancies.
AB  - The activities of ribonucleotide reductase and thymidine kinase, and the
      thymidine incorporation rate were measured in 16 cultured human hematologic
      malignant cell lines with different cell proliferation rates. Thymidine kinase
      activity was significantly higher in myeloid and monocytoid cell lines than in
      other cell lines, but ribonucleotide reductase activity presented as CDP
      reductase activity was similar in the different cell lines. The ratio of
      thymidine kinase to CDP reductase activity was high in monocytoid cell lines. A
      close correlation was found between the cell proliferation rate and CDP reductase
      activity, but not thymidine kinase activity or the thymidine incorporation rate.
      The ratio of thymidine kinase to CDP reductase activity was high in slowly
      growing cell lines and low in rapidly growing cell lines. These results indicate
      that in cultured human malignant cells a high potential for proliferation may
      depend mainly on the de novo pyrimidine pathway of DNA biosynthesis.

PMID- 6389253
TI  - Hirsute esophagus: clinical and roentgen features.
AB  - Clinical and roentgen features of hirsute esophagus in 3 patients are described.
      Exuberant hair growth and masses of hair in the endopharyngoesophagus produced
      the classic clinical triad of progressive dysphagia, hair-spitting, and choking
      spells. This unique and rare complication of reconstructive surgery of the
      pharynx and esophagus is related to the skin flaps which are mobilized and
      rotated to reconstruct a skin tube endopharyngoesphagus and to restore anatomical
      continuity of the gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 6389254
TI  - Appearance of gas-containing gallstones on sonography and computed tomography.
AB  - The diagnostic features of gas-containing gallstones on sonography and CT in 6
      patients and the in vitro findings in 30 gas-containing gallstones are analyzed.
      On plain abdominal radiography, the stellate appearance of gas collections,
      though infrequent, is quite characteristic. On real-time sonography, gas
      containing calculi can be observed to float within bile. Furthermore, larger gas
      collections within gallstones can be identified since they produce high-level
      echoes in the acoustic shadow of the stone, probably due to sound reverberation.
      These phenomena, although interesting, do not interfere with the high accuracy of
      sonography in the detection of gallstones. CT detects gallstones when their
      density differs from that of bile. Due to high-density resolution, even minute
      gas collections are displayed and can reveal gallstones with an isodense matrix.
      However, under routine abdominal scanning conditions (8 mm collimation), the gas
      collections often appear round or ovoid, because spatial resolution is inferior
      to that on plain radiography. This fact should be considered in the differential
      diagnosis of gas collections in the gallbladder region found on CT.

PMID- 6389255
TI  - Sonographic monitoring of biliary endoprostheses.
AB  - Biliary drainage by endoprosthesis, inserted either transcutaneously or
      endoscopically, is as effective and better supported than percutaneous drainage,
      but harder to control. Forty-four patients with biliary or pancreatic carcinoma
      treated by endoprostheses were followed up by ultrasound. Sonography was
      effective in the demonstration of the drainage effectiveness and the detection of
      prosthetic dysfunction or eventual complications. Consequently, it may be
      considered a valuable method to complement the biochemical tests in the
      monitoring of endoprostheses.

PMID- 6389256
TI  - Identification and characterization of the alc gene product of bacteriophage T4.
AB  - Bacteriophage T4 infection rapidly and almost completely inhibits transcription
      of host and other phage DNAs. Two processes have been implicated to date in this
      inhibition: (1) ADP ribosylation of the alpha subunits of the RNA polymerase,
      involving gpalt (which is injected with the phage DNA) and, later, gpmod; and (2)
      the action of the T4 alc/unf gene product, synthesized immediately after
      infection. The latter unfolds the host genome and also blocks transcription of
      cytosine-containing DNA. Here, we describe the identification on two-dimensional
      polyacrylamide gels of gpalc/unf, the more precise mapping of the gene and the
      identification and analysis of the appropriate DNA sequence from an Unf+ alc
      mutant.

PMID- 6389257
TI  - Identification of the bacteriophage T4 unf ( = alc) gene product, a protein
      involved in the shutoff of host transcription.
AB  - The introduction of plasmid pR386 into E. coli cells renders them restrictive to
      the growth of phage T4 unf ( = alc) mutants. This system has been used to isolate
      Unf+ revertants, which, along with the mutant parental strains, have been used to
      identify the unf gene product by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Synthesis
      of the unf gene product, a polypeptide of just over 18,000 daltons in size,
      begins within 1 min after infection and terminates at about 12 min after
      infection at 30 degrees. Gene dosage experiments suggest that the unf protein
      functions catalytically.

PMID- 6389258
TI  - Evolution and variation of renin genes in mice.
AB  - Inbred strains of mice carry Ren-1, a gene encoding the thermostable Renin-1
      isozyme. Ren-1 is expressed at relatively low levels in mouse submandibular gland
      and kidney. Some strains also carry Ren-2, a gene encoding the thermolabile Renin
      2 isozyme. Ren-2 is expressed at high levels in the mouse submandibular gland and
      at very low levels, if at all, in the kidney. Ren-1 and Ren-2 are closely linked
      on mouse chromosome 1, show extensive homology in coding and noncoding regions
      and provide a model for studying the regulation of gene expression. An
      investigation of renin genes and enzymatic activity in wild-derived mice
      identified several restriction site polymorphisms as well as putative variants in
      renin gene expression and protein structure. The number of renin genes carried by
      different subpopulations of wild-derived mice is consistent with the occurrence
      of a gene duplication event prior to the divergence of M. spretus (2.75-5.5
      million yr ago). This conclusion is in agreement with a prior estimate based upon
      comparative sequence analysis of Ren-1 and Ren-2 from inbred laboratory mice.

PMID- 6389259
TI  - [Molecular genetic studies of the DNA promotor regions in Bacillus thuringiensis
      subsp. galleriae 69-6. I. Structural and functional analysis].
AB  - Three recombinant plasmids pPBT9, pPBT10 and pPBT74 carrying promoter-containing
      regions of DNA of Bacillus thuringiensis which are responsible for the expression
      of the promoterless tet gene, were studied. In the in vitro experiments, it had
      been shown that these promoter-active HindIII fragments of bacillar DNA contained
      RNA polymerase binding sites. The AluI subfragments that specifically bind to
      Escherichia coli RNA polymerase promote the tet gene expression, similar to the
      whole HindIII fragments. Sequence analysis revealed that the approximately 220
      base pair AluI subfragment of the bacillar insertion of the pPBT10 plasmid
      contained sites typical for "-10" and "-35" homology regions of promoters
      specific for sigma 55-RNA polymerase from Bac. subtilis. The 1.45 kb HindII
      bacillar fragment of the plasmid pPBT9 had three AluI subfragments that bind to
      E. coli RNA polymerase. Only approximately 400 base pair AluI subfragment among
      these restored the tet gene expression in vivo. Bireplicon pBP plasmids were
      constructed that promoted the expression of the enterobacterial antibiotic
      resistance gene under the control of Bac. thuringiensis promoters in Bac.
      subtilis cells.

PMID- 6389260
TI  - [Selection, analysis and mapping of mutations in the gene for resistance to
      kanamycin in plasmid RP4].
AB  - We have tested possibilities of Escherichia coli strains dependent on drugs
      streptomycin and paromomycin for selection of spontaneous mutations in the RP4
      kan gene specifying resistance to aminoglycosids--kanamycin, neomycin and
      paromycin. A set of kan gene mutations were obtained, classified ad mapped.

PMID- 6389261
TI  - [Comparative genetics of yeasts. XXII. The determination of alpha-methylglucoside
      fermentation by the maltose genes MAL6c2 and malx in the offspring of
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae N. C. Y. C. 74 strain].
AB  - In offsprings of N.C.Y.C. 74, maltose regulatory constitutive MAL6C2 mutation
      controls alpha-methylglucoside (alpha-mgl) fermentation in the presence of MALx.
      MAL6C2 MALx system described by ten Berge et al, is analogous in function
      (polymeric interaction) to, at least, one MGLa gene from the system of
      complementary alpha-mgl genes MGLa MGLb MGLc identified by ten Berge. Suppressor
      malx mutation inhibits both the maltose and alpha-mgl activity of MAL6C2 allele.
      A brief review on participation of maltose genes in alpha-mgl fermentation is
      presented.

PMID- 6389262
TI  - [Recombinant haplotype H-2 in mice of the congenic resistant strain
      B10.D1(R108)/Y].
AB  - Recombinant H-2 haplotype of mouse strain B10.D1(R108)/Y (symbol R108) obtained
      in experiments with skin grafting in the course of developing the CR B10.D1/Y
      strain (strain DBA/LacY--the donor of H-2q) was studied. Strains with recombinant
      H-2 haplotypes a, h2, g1, i3, i5, i7, m, y1 were used. Alleles of different H-2
      (K, I, D) regions were determined according to the presence or absence of genetic
      complementation in the F1 test with skin grafts. R108 recombinant was studied by
      serological methods with panel of anti-H-2 sera. Anti-H-2Kb (H-2.33) and anti-H
      2Dq (H-2.30) monospecific antisera were used in microcytotoxicity test and in
      absorption experiments in vitro. It was concluded that crossing over between H-2b
      and H-2q chromosomes, which led to formation of recombinant H-2 haplotype of R108
      mice, occurred at I region, between IA and IC subregions. The H-2 complex of R108
      line has KbIAbIJ?IE?ICqSqDq alleles. bq1 symbol was proposed for the H-2
      haplotype of B10.D1(R108)/Y strain.

PMID- 6389263
TI  - Geographical research and gerontology: an overview.

PMID- 6389264
TI  - [Clinical use of cuprenil in chronic chromium poisoning].

PMID- 6389265
TI  - [Research institutes in industrial hygiene and occupational diseases in the USSR
      in the 20's and 30's (on the 60th anniversary of the organization of the first
      institute)].

PMID- 6389266
TI  - [Working conditions and health status of female workers in hothouses (a review of
      the literature)].

PMID- 6389267
TI  - [Combined exposure to vibration and the noise of agricultural tractors and self
      propelled machinery and the tasks of hygienic regulation (a review of the
      literature)].

PMID- 6389268
TI  - Differential deposition and utilization of backfat layers in swine.
AB  - Growing pigs were nutritionally manipulated to study depletion, depletion
      followed by repletion or deposition of the individual backfat layers. Obese and
      lean pigs were used to gain insight into the possible role of genetic selection
      for backfat depth on each backfat layer. Backfat depth, including individual
      layers was measured in live pigs at sequential times by ultrasonic methods. At a
      variety of anatomical locations, change in backfat expressed as a rate or as
      percentage change during both depletion and deposition was greater in layer 2
      than layer 1 (outermost). Genetically obese pigs increased backfat depth by
      accretion of layer 2 to a greater extent than layer 1. Genetically lean pigs had
      more equal accretion of the two layers with a preference toward layer 1 in some
      cases. Selection for total backfat depth appears to have selected layer 2 in
      preference to layer 1. Backfat layer 1 changed to a small extent compared to
      layer 2 during depletion, deposition or genetic selection possibly indicating a
      greater metabolic role in vivo for layer 2.

PMID- 6389269
TI  - Biphasic diameter distribution of adipocytes from lean and obese rats.
AB  - The present study was conducted to determine if adipocyte diameter distributions
      of lean and obese Zucker rats were skewed (biphasic) and to quantify the extent
      to which skewed diameter distributions affect the accuracy of estimating average
      cell size. Diameter distributions were significantly biphasic for both lean and
      obese rats. The biphasic nature of the distributions was due to the presence of a
      large proportion of adipocytes 20-40 microns in diameter (30-60% of cell
      population). The proportion of these small cells was greater in obese than lean
      rats. The extent to which average diameter calculated from diameter distribution
      data underestimated cell size was a function of the extent to which diameter
      distributions were skewed.

PMID- 6389270
TI  - [Blalock-Hanlon operation in transposition of great vessels of the heart in
      patients under 3 months of age].

PMID- 6389272
TI  - [Gunshot wound of the mediastinum and large vessels of the neck in a child].

PMID- 6389271
TI  - [Surgical treatment of atrioventricular tachycardia in Wolff-Parkinson-White
      syndrome].

PMID- 6389273
TI  - Controlled therapeutic trial to determine the optimum dose of antacids in
      duodenal ulcer.
AB  - Antacids are widely used in the management of duodenal ulcer but the optimum dose
      of antacid required for ulcer healing has not been determined. We therefore
      studied 107 patients with endoscopically diagnosed duodenal ulcer who were
      allotted at random to one of the following treatment groups; placebo (group P)
      and antacid (groups A, B and C). A liquid antacid (Aludrox MH, Wyeth) with
      neutralising capacity of 2.3 mmol HCl/ml was administered in graded doses of 7.5
      ml (Group A), 15 ml (Group B), and 30 ml (Group C), one hour and three hours
      after each meal, six times a day for four weeks. Patients in group P received 15
      ml liquid placebo in a similar fashion. Complete symptomatic relief was obtained
      in 33% of patients in the placebo group, 54% in antacid group A, 89% in group B,
      and 92% in group C. Endoscopic assessment at the end of four weeks of treatment
      gave an ulcer healing rate of 29% in the placebo group, 46% in group A (103.5
      mmol antacid/day), 85% in group B (207 mmol/day), and 88% in group C (414
      mmol/day). There was no significant difference in the healing rates and pain
      relief between placebo and antacid group A, while both groups B and C had
      significantly higher ulcer healing rates and pain relief compared with placebo (p
      less than 0.001) and antacid group A (p less than 0.01). Drug related unwanted
      effects were recorded only in group C - 28% of patients suffered from diarrhoea.
      It is concluded that the optimum antacid requirements for the treatment of
      duodenal ulcer is 90 ml (acid neutralising capacity, 207 mmol HCl) per day.

PMID- 6389275
TI  - [Beta-glucuronidase in lymphocytes of patients with diabetes mellitus complicated
      by infections].

PMID- 6389274
TI  - Leukemogenesis related to chemotherapy of ovarian carcinoma: a review with three
      new case reports.
AB  - A review of the literature of 68 case reports of acute leukemia following ovarian
      cancer is presented and 3 new cases are reported. Review of the literature
      revealed 34 patients received chemotherapy and radiotherapy, 32 patients received
      chemotherapy alone, 1 patient had only surgery, and the radiation status of the
      remaining patient is unclear. Chemotherapy usually consisted of alkylating agents
      often given in high dose and for long durations. The reported risk for developing
      acute leukemia after treatment of ovarian cancer ranges from 21 to 175 times that
      of the general population with a prevalence range in treated patients of 0.8 to
      2.7%. The median interval from initiation of therapy to the development of
      leukemia is shortened from 54.2 to 41.1 months if radiation therapy is used in
      addition to chemotherapy. The patients typically exhibit a brief preleukemic
      phase and poor survival with death occurring 3 to 5 months after diagnosis of
      leukemia. Proposed mechanisms for leukemogenesis are presented.

PMID- 6389276
TI  - [Present-day approach to the management of hematogenic and post-traumatic bone
      infection].

PMID- 6389277
TI  - [Lekopain in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis (preliminary report)].

PMID- 6389279
TI  - [Additional diagnosis in primary and secondary care: echography].

PMID- 6389278
TI  - Hallux valgus assessment: report of research committee of American Orthopaedic
      Foot and Ankle Society.

PMID- 6389280
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the rabbit cornea following experimental keratomileusis].

PMID- 6389281
TI  - [Therapy of retinal vascular disorders by modification of blood viscosity--a
      randomized double-blind study].

PMID- 6389283
TI  - [Planning of sulcus-fixated posterior chamber intraocular lenses].

PMID- 6389282
TI  - [Changes in hemorheologic and physiologic coagulation parameters in different
      methods of therapy of retinal vascular disorders--a randomized double-blind
      study].

PMID- 6389284
TI  - [New alternatives to surgical stone removal from the kidney. Dr. H. U. Eickenberg
      answers current questions on percutaneous surgical procedures and on shock wave
      lithotripsyInterview by W. Meschede].

PMID- 6389285
TI  - [The "Fuhrer" treats himself. Based on now available records of the physician
      Theo Morell the realistic profile of the secret diseases of Adolf Hitler are
      recognized (I)].

PMID- 6389286
TI  - [Treatment of the injured spleen with fibrin glue, infrared contact coagulation
      and laser coagulation. An experimental study].
AB  - Experimental studies of hemostasis of the traumatised spleen are reported. After
      experimental trauma, rapid intraoperative hemostasis and subsequent preservation
      of the spleen was achieved by the use of a homologous fibrin glue system. A
      collagen fleece or an autologous fascial flap was used as a carrier for the
      adhesive mixture. Moreover hemostasis was also attempted with an infrared contact
      coagulation device and a Neodym-YAG-Laser. After fibrin gluing all the substances
      used are quickly absorbed by the organism. This is one of the major advantages of
      the fibrin adhesive method. When the bleeding surface was covered with a collagen
      fleece or a fascial flap, hemostasis was attained quickly. The collagen fleece
      has an absorptive effect which improves the hemostatic quality. Hemostasis with
      infrared coagulation is based on infrared light and on mechanical tissue
      compression. Possible pools of blood can be managed by compressing the contact
      surface. With this method, too, hemostasis can quickly be achieved. It was
      impossible to attain equally positive results with the contact-free laser device.
      Hemostasis is caused by a burn necrosis with the coagulation methods. The tissue
      healing process lasts until the necrotic tissue has been absorbed.

PMID- 6389287
TI  - [Intracranial pressure recording. Principles, technics, results and
      possibilities].
AB  - Methods for continuous ICP recording were further developed. Intraventricular
      pressure measurement requires puncture of the brain, and is susceptible to
      infection. For routine applications, therefore, preferential use is made of
      miniaturized pressure transducers which, without the need to open the dura, are
      simply implanted epidurally. In the absence of disorders of blood clotting, no
      complications, in particular no infections, were observed in more than 900
      measurements. In the case of rapidly growing intracranial space-consuming
      processes, considerable intracranial pressure differences giving rise to
      intracranial mass shifts and even incarceration occur. These pressure gradients
      can also be measured and treated clinically. The pathological intracranial
      pressure curve shows typical wave dynamics with A, B, C and D waves, and
      pulsation changes. In intensive care, measurement permits rapid detection of
      complications, selective treatment and prognostic information, including the
      temporal definition of brain death. In neurological and neuropediatric diagnosis,
      ICP measurement differentiates between active hydrocephalus and cerebral
      atrophy/dystrophy, and here, as also in cystic cerebral changes, subdural
      effusions, etc., helps clarify the indication for surgery. In the case of "pseudo
      tumour cerebri", too, ICP measurement permits objectivation. In addition, it is
      also possible to determine directly the intracranial reserve space and the CSF
      dynamics (bolus/infusion test, pulse wave analysis).

PMID- 6389288
TI  - [Treatment of cerebral circulatory insufficiency. Double-blind study of the
      efficacy of a quinine-papaverine combination].
AB  - Four weeks of oral therapy with a combination of quinine and papaverine at a dose
      of 3 X 1 coated tablet per day cause a marked and--as compared with placebo-
      statistically highly significant increase (p less than 0.01) in cerebral blood
      flow of patients with a moderate impairment of the terminal vascular system of
      the brain. The combination of substances brings about a more pronounced
      improvement (p less than 0.05) in the cerebral blood flow than papaverine alone
      which itself is superior to placebo (p less than 0.05). The quinine contained in
      the combination evidently increases its efficacy. The results of platelet
      aggregation tests, performed simultaneously, suggest that rheological factors in
      the sense of an improvement of the flow properties of the blood might play a part
      in causing these effects. Clinical and neurological findings indicate a clear
      parallel with the results of the measurements of the cerebral blood flow, even
      though this was not statistically significant.

PMID- 6389289
TI  - [The surfactant system of the lung as a functional unit].
AB  - Morphological, biochemical and biophysical data indicate that the pulmonary
      surfactant system of the lung has to be considered as a functional unit from the
      alveoli to the trachea. In the nonciliated part of the air passages the
      surfactant assures the stability of the small airways and contributes to the
      transport processes. In the ciliated part of the air passages the surfactant
      supports indirectly the optimal transport of mucus due to its anti-glue
      properties. Any deterioration in the surfactant system results in functional
      consequences for lung mechanics and bronchial clearance mechanisms as discussed
      for RDS and COLD. Stimulation of surfactant synthesis and surfactant replacement
      can be regarded as new aspects for therapy.

PMID- 6389290
TI  - [The progestasert system--a 24-month-long active spiral. Clinical experiences
      with an intrauterine progesterone-releasing system].
AB  - The Biograviplan (IUD) is a therapeutic system which, from a reservoir of 52 mg
      progesterone, permits the programmed release of the hormone within the uterus. It
      provides effective contraception over a period of 24 months. Spotting,
      intensified and prolonged menstrual bleeding can, in common with other IUDs,
      occur initially. Later, hypomenorrhoea and, occasionally, also silent
      menstruation extending over up to 3 cycles, can be seen. Dysmenorrhoea and
      menstrual pain are markedly reduced as compared with other IUDs. No intrauterine
      pregnancy was observed, but several extrauterine pregnancies occurred. Patients
      should be carefully selected for such a device, which can be recommended in
      particular for women with primary dysmenorrhoea or hypermenorrhoea.

PMID- 6389291
TI  - [The cytoskeleton reveals the kind of cancer. Cell-specific support structures
      are not destroyed by the tumor].

PMID- 6389292
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of palpable changes in scrotal content. Specificity and
      sensitivity of high resolution B-scan sonography].
AB  - In 96 patients in urological treatment the 10 MHz high resolution B-scan
      sonography proved to be a valuable complement to inspection, palpation and
      diaphanoscopy. A distinction between testicular, extratesticular, cystic and
      solid lesions could be made with great reliability. Masked testicular neoplasia
      associated with hydroceles testis and epididymitis can be detected earlier with
      sonography. However, great care must be taken when differentiating benign from
      malign changes in the testicles and epididymis. Testicular neoplasia, focal
      orchitis, testicular abscess and chronically inflamed tumours of the epididymis
      have a similarly lowered echogenicity and a tumour-like picture. Focal areas of
      increased testicular echogenicity in all cases represented benign calcifications,
      fibrosis or cicatricial tissue. Operative exploration is obligatory when the
      dignity of the lesion is unclear.

PMID- 6389293
TI  - Comparison of the effect of semisynthetic human insulin and porcine insulin on
      glucose kinetics, plasma free fatty acid and amino acid levels in man.
AB  - The effect of semisynthetic human insulin on hepatic glucose output, peripheral
      glucose clearance, plasma levels of C-Peptide, free fatty acids and amino acids
      was compared with purified pork insulin using the glucose clamp technique. 8
      normal overnight-fasted subjects received intravenous infusions of either human
      or porcine insulin at 20 mU/m2.min(-1) during 120 min achieving plasma insulin
      levels of approximately equal to 50 mU/l. Plasma glucose levels were maintained
      at euglycaemia by variable rates of glucose infusion. Hepatic glucose production
      measured by continuous infusion of 3-(3) H-glucose was similarly suppressed by
      both insulins to rates near zero. The metabolic clearance rate of glucose
      increased during infusion of human insulin by 120%, C-peptide levels decreased by
      41% and plasma FFA concentrations fell by 74%. The respective changes during
      infusion of pork insulin were similar, 118%, 48% and 72%. Both insulins decreased
      the plasma levels of branched-chain amino acids, tyrosine, phenylalanine,
      methionine, serine and histidine similarly. Thus, the results demonstrate that
      semisynthetic human and porcine insulin are aequipotent with respect to
      suppression of hepatic glucose output, stimulation of glucose clearance,
      inhibition of insulin secretion, lipolysis and proteolysis.

PMID- 6389294
TI  - The erythrocyte insulin receptor response to either feeding or a short fast.
AB  - We have examined insulin binding to the erythrocyte insulin receptor in normal
      males following a short fast and a test meal or glucose load. The binding
      increased following the fast. This increase appeared to be due to increased
      receptor affinity. Following the meal or glucose load no change in insulin
      binding was detected. These results are compared with conflicting data in the
      literature and possible technical explanations for the discrepancies are
      explored.

PMID- 6389295
TI  - The effect of exogenous growth hormone on insulin requirements during closed loop
      insulin delivery in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The amount of insulin required to maintain similar blood glucose concentrations
      during an eight hour infusion of either saline or growth hormone (2
      micrograms/kg/hr) was determined in five fed, insulin-dependent diabetic subjects
      during closed-loop insulin delivery. Elevations of serum growth hormone
      concentrations to levels previously observed in poorly controlled diabetic
      subjects were not accompanied by differences in the amount of insulin required to
      maintain blood glucose concentrations at levels comparable to those observed
      during the saline infusion. Specifically, no early insulin-like nor late anti
      insulin effects of physiologic increases in serum growth hormone concentrations
      (10.27 +/- 0.23 mg/ml vs 5.69 +/- 1.5 mg/ml, P less than 0.05) on mean hourly
      blood glucose levels or mean hourly insulin requirements were observed. These
      studies suggest that serum growth hormone concentrations similar to those
      observed in poorly controlled diabetics do not affect the insulin requirements of
      well-insulinized diabetic subjects.

PMID- 6389296
TI  - Insulin processing and dissociation--effect of temperature and lysosomotropic
      agents.
AB  - Dissociation of intact and degraded insulin from hepatocytes in monolayer culture
      was examined under conditions in which processing of insulin was altered by
      either temperature or pharmacologic agents. Conditions which increased insulin
      degradation or processing decreased equilibrium insulin binding whereas those
      conditions which inhibited processing increased equilibrium binding. The effect
      of lysosomotropic agents on processing was markedly temperature dependent. Not
      only was processing increased at higher temperatures (37 degrees C, but the
      effect of lysosomal inhibitors (chloroquine and methylamine) on insulin
      processing was abolished at this temperature. The temperature dependency of this
      effect may explain discrepancies between laboratories on the effect of these
      inhibitors in hepatocytes.

PMID- 6389297
TI  - Insulin binding on cultured chick muscle cells: decrease in binding associated
      with cell fusion.
AB  - Binding of 125I-bovine and chicken insulin to cultured embryonic chick skeletal
      muscle cells was studied. Bovine and chicken insulin bound cultured cells with
      high affinities of 2.4 X 10(9)M-1 and 4.8 X 10(9)M-1 and low affinities of 2.4 X
      10(7)M-1 and 3.7 X 10(7)M-1, respectively. Maximum insulin binding was achieved
      after 90 min of incubation at 20 degrees C and the maximum value was maintained
      for an additional 3 hr. Insulin binding increased in a linear manner with
      increasing nuclei number over a 5-fold range. Maximum insulin binding per nuclei
      decreased as cell fusion increased between 24 and 72 hr in culture, primarily due
      to a decrease in the number of low affinity insulin receptors.

PMID- 6389298
TI  - The influence of plasma renin substrate on the relationship between plasma renin
      activity and plasma renin concentration. An experimental study in hyper- and
      hypothyroid rats.
AB  - The effects of endogenous Plasma Renin Substrate (PRS) on the relationship
      between Plasma Renin Activity (PRA) and the Plasma Renin Concentration (PRC) have
      been studied in hyperthyroid rats, by I-triiodothyronine (T3) administration and
      in hypothyroid rats, by propylthiouracil (PTU) treatment, to clarify if PRA
      changes are an adequate index for evaluating the renin-angiotensin changes during
      the alterations in the thyroid function. Although in experimental situations
      studied the induced variation on PRC explains a 62 per cent of the changes in
      PRA, finding a good lineal correlation between both parameters (r = 0.79, P less
      than 0.001). Not only does PRS play an important role on the kinetic of the
      enzymatic reaction but also explains jointly with PRC up to a 85 per cent of PRA
      alterations. PRS changes become more important during thyrotoxicosis where they
      limit in a higher degree the velocity of reaction due to inverse relationship
      between PRC and PRS (r = 0.74, P less than 0.001).

PMID- 6389299
TI  - A possible role for insulin-receptor subunit in degrading receptor-bound insulin.

PMID- 6389300
TI  - Possible role of phosphatidylinositol turnover in insulin release from isolated
      rat pancreatic islets.
AB  - We have previously reported occurrence of Ca2+-activated, phospholipid-dependent
      protein kinase (referred as protein kinase C) in the rat pancreatic islets. It
      has been suggested that unsaturated diacylglycerol which results from hydrolysis
      of phosphatidylinositol by phospholipase C-like enzyme activates protein kinase
      C. Therefore, we studied the effect of exogenous phospholipase C on insulin
      release from isolated islets of rat pancreas. Bacterial phospholipase C enhanced
      insulin release induced by glucose in a dose dependent manner. The effect,
      however, was decreased in the islets pretreated with colchicine. Both
      phospholipase C and glucose caused an increase in 32p incorporation into
      phosphatidylinositol. These results indicate that phospholipid metabolism is
      linked to the insulin release mechanism.

PMID- 6389301
TI  - Biochemical determination of training effects using insulin clamp technique.
AB  - Tissue sensitivity to insulin was evaluated in 6 trained athletes and 9 untrained
      controls using the euglycemic insulin clamp technique. The amount of glucose
      metabolism is a measure of overall tissue sensitivity to insulin. During insulin
      clamp study comparable plasma glucose (80-90 mg/dl) and insulin (90-100
      microU/ml) were achieved in both groups. The glucose infusion rate in the
      athletes (10.70 +/- 0.32 mg/kg/min) was significantly higher than in the controls
      (7.37 +/- 0.23 mg/kg/min). During euglycemic hyperinsulinemia plasma FFA
      decreased by 80% while glycerol showed only a 20% reduction in both groups.
      Urinary catecholamine concentrations in the athletes were similar to those in the
      controls, and these levels did not change during the insulin clamp period. From
      these results, it might be concluded that tissue sensitivity to exogenous insulin
      is 45% higher in trained athletes and that physical exercise can reduce the
      insulin requirements in insulin-dependent diabetic patients in addition to being
      beneficial to noninsulin-dependent diabetics.

PMID- 6389302
TI  - Effect of calcitonin on blood levels of glucose, insulin, somatotropin and
      cortisol.

PMID- 6389303
TI  - Detection of reovirus type 3 in the porta hepatis of an infant with extrahepatic
      biliary atresia: ultrastructural and immunocytochemical study.
AB  - This report describes immunocytochemical and ultrastructural methods which led to
      the identification of Reovirus type 3 (Reo-3) in the porta hepatis of a patient
      with extrahepatic biliary atresia. The study indicates that Reo-3 antigenic sites
      are demonstrable by the avidin-biotinylated complex peroxidase method following
      formalin fixation and paraffin embedding, but are destroyed by freezing and
      thawing prior to fixation. Deparaffinization of the block and subsequent
      rembedding in epon-araldite did not alter immunoperoxidase staining. This
      procedure offered the advantage of higher light microscopic resolution of
      semithin (1 micron) sections and assisted in the selection of specific areas for
      ultrastructural studies. Localization of Reo-3 in extrahepatic biliary atresia
      was confined to a biliary remnant in which there were acutely inflammed,
      partially necrotic microscopic ducts. Electron microscopic examination of the
      immunoreactive sites revealed virus-like particles similar in appearance to Reo-3
      particles in infected tissue culture cells. The observations presented here
      support previously reported serologic data which have shown an association
      between Reo-3 infection and extrahepatic biliary atresia.

PMID- 6389304
TI  - Alcohol and the liver: 1984 update.

PMID- 6389305
TI  - Hepatic veno-occlusive disease after bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 6389306
TI  - Polyamine requirement for microbial protein synthesis: structural specificity in
      cell-free systems of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Cell-free protein synthesis was performed with synthetic or natural mRNA in an E.
      coli system containing physiological concentrations of Ca2, Mg2 and either one or
      both of the two natural polyamines of E. coli, spermidine and putrescine, or
      corresponding homologues. Putrescine does not permit poly(U)-dependent poly(Phe)
      synthesis unless spermidine or nor-spermidine is added. Spermidine supports
      homopeptide synthesis sufficiently well, its effect being stimulated by
      putrescine or homologous diamines with increasing chain length from 4 to 7 carbon
      atoms. Diaminopropane completely inhibits the spermidine-activated system in a
      competitive manner. Translation of MS2 phage RNA is supported by putrescine, the
      rate and quality (read through to the termination signal) of translation is
      optimized by spermidine or triamine homologues. MS2 phage RNA translation is
      supported by spermidine, putrescine has no further stimulatory effect but
      diaminoheptane enhances the rate of translation. In this case, however, premature
      chain termination does occur. The results indicate that spermidine is necessary
      for optimal poly(U) and MS2 phage RNA translation, that the aminopropyl moiety is
      important for its function and that the remaining side chain can be extended from
      C4 to C8. Putrescine may cooperate with spermidine but its chain length is rather
      critical, it cannot substitute for spermidine. The results indicate that the
      polyamines facilitate mRNA/tRNA/ribosome interactions in a specific manner.

PMID- 6389307
TI  - Psychiatric diagnosis: what role for the computer?

PMID- 6389308
TI  - NIMH report. Five-center study clarifies use of lithium, imipramine for recurrent
      affective disorders.

PMID- 6389309
TI  - PPS dominated activity in Washington, DC.

PMID- 6389310
TI  - Variety of approaches taken by payers.

PMID- 6389311
TI  - Survey shows CEOs' priorities are changing.

PMID- 6389312
TI  - Protecting consumers--while being fair.

PMID- 6389313
TI  - Priority reading.

PMID- 6389314
TI  - Functioning oxyphil cell adenoma of the parathyroid gland: a clinicopathologic
      study of ten patients with hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - Adenomas of the parathyroid gland, the majority of which are of the solitary
      chief cell type, are the most frequent cause of primary hyperparathyroidism.
      Parathyroid adenomas composed predominantly or exclusively of oxyphil cells are
      rare and were previously considered nonfunctioning. Among 160 consecutive
      patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who were explored surgically, ten (6.25
      per cent) had adenomas of the oxyphil cell variety. The eight women and two men
      in this series ranged in age from 28 to 82 years (average, 58 years). The tumors
      weighed from 0.2 to 4.0 g (average, 1.2 g). Nine of the adenomas were located in
      the left neck, while the remaining tumor was in the right neck. Histologically,
      the tumors were composed almost exclusively of transitional and typical oxyphil
      cells. A residual "capsular" parathyroid composed of chief cells was identified
      in each case. Electron microscopy, phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin staining, and
      the immunoperoxidase technique for cytochrome c oxidase showed the presence of
      numerous mitochondria in oxyphil cells. All patients had normal serum calcium
      levels four months to four years (average, 23 months) after removal of the
      neoplasms.

PMID- 6389315
TI  - Histioeosinophilic granulomas in the thymuses of 29 myasthenic patients: a
      complication of pneumomediastinum.
AB  - Nodular aggregates of histiocytes and eosinophils, described as
      "histioeosinophilic granulomas," were found in the capsules and septa of 29 of 63
      nonneoplastic thymuses (45 per cent) removed from patients with myasthenia
      gravis. The configurations and cytologic appearances of the lesions resembled
      those of eosinophilic granuloma, but a combination of morphologic,
      immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural studies failed to demonstrate a
      Langerhans' cell component in these lesions. This heretofore unrecorded thymic
      lesion might represent the thymic counterpart of a pleural process that has been
      described as "reactive eosinophilic pleuritis" in patients with spontaneous
      pneumothorax and was probably induced by diagnostic pneumomediastinum performed
      prior to thymectomy. It is of interest, however, that the presence of these
      granulomas was correlated with an increased probability of remission of
      myasthenic symptoms following thymectomy.

PMID- 6389317
TI  - Epidemiology of neural tube defects in Germany.
AB  - A survey is made of the epidemiologic studies of neural tube defects (NTD) in
      Germany. A temporary increase is noted in the prevalence of NTD at birth for the
      time during and shortly after the Second World War, followed by a downward trend
      thereafter. Thus an earlier observation of Lenz (1965) could be confirmed.
      Falling rates of NTD were also reported from various other countries in recent
      years. No convincing etiological explanation is available so far. The current
      prevalence of NTD at birth can be estimated for Germany to be about 1.0-1.5 per
      thousand newborns with about an even distribution to anencephalus and spina
      bifida.

PMID- 6389318
TI  - The gene in search of an identity.
AB  - The concept of the difference between the potential for a trait and the trait
      proper, i.e., between the genotype and the phenotype, became clear only during
      the first decade of the century, mainly through the work of Johannsen. Although
      Johannsen insisted on that the terms he coined were only helpful devices to
      organize data about heredity, it is obvious that they were bound from the
      beginning to the hypothesis that there was "something" in the gametes that could
      be rendered to analysis as discrete units. These units were the genes. This
      reductionist yet materially non-committed attitude has been developed into what I
      called instrumental-reductionism: the genes were hypothetical constructs that
      were accepted "as if" they were real entities. The research program developed on
      such a concept was very successful, not least because this instrumental approach
      allowed maximum flexibility in the attachment of meaning of the genes. While most
      geneticists accepted one or another position of this flexible concept, others
      took more extreme positions. At the one extreme end of the conceptual continuum
      was the realist approach that argued that genes were discrete, measurable,
      material particles, and on the other end, the claim that the attempts to identify
      discrete units only led to hyperatomism of a holistic view appropriate to
      heredity. The acceptance of the gene as a material and discrete unit, in the
      beginning of 1950s, opened the way to a deeper level of conceptualizing both its
      structure ("cistron-recon-muton") and function ("one gene--one enzyme"). The
      discovery of the structure of DNA finally offered a chemical-physical explanation
      to the geneticist's requirements of a material gene. Thus, within less than 20
      years the gene has been established as a "sharply limited segment of the linear
      structure" that is involved in the structure of a product or its regulation.
      However, with turning of much of the attention to the eucaryotic DNA, it was
      necessary to accommodate the gene to an increasing flood of findings that did not
      tally with its concept as a discrete material unit. Without much heart-seeking
      among geneticists, the gene regained its role as an instrumental unit, or even as
      just an intervening variable, "a quantity obtained by specified manipulation of
      the values of empirical variables".(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6389319
TI  - Cultured hepatoma cells for the study of enzyme regulation: induction of
      ornithine decarboxylase by insulin and asparagine.
AB  - The induction and decay of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) by insulin and
      asparagine in cultures of H4-II-EC3 (H35) hepatoma cells was studied in a
      modified Waymouth medium in the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS) and in serum
      free media. The insulin response was enhanced by the presence of asparagine
      although the effect of asparagine was not so much on the initial increase as it
      was on a slowing of the decline after the maximum was reached at 6 to 8 h after
      the supplements were added together with fresh medium. In all cases the initial
      ODC activity was zero at zero time for addition of media and supplements, and,
      after reaching the maximum, activity declined to near zero by 24 h. Fetal bovine
      serum gave induction that followed a similar time course but was inferior to the
      combination of insulin plus asparagine and, in fact, FBS inhibited the latter
      response. Putrescine (the product formed from ornithine by ODC), at 10(-5) M,
      markedly inhibited the induction of ODC by insulin or FBS, but the inhibition was
      less when asparagine was present.

PMID- 6389320
TI  - Effect of oxyfedrine on exercise performance and systolic time intervals in
      patients of angina pectoris.

PMID- 6389321
TI  - [Immunodiagnosis of kidney tubular cell injuries using specific anti-membrane
      antibodies].
AB  - In contrast to healthy persons, microvillous antigens of the proximal tubule were
      excreted at an increased rate in patients with kidney diseases as could be shown
      using specific antisera against brush border (BB) fragments (tissue-proteinuria,
      histuria). These urinary membrane components were immunologically completely
      identical with those antigens prepared from isolated kidney cell membranes. A
      glycoprotein of 240 000 dalton, containing mannose and N-acetylglucosamine was
      identified as a major immunoreactive constituent of the brush border surface and
      found to be part of a multienzyme complex. BB-antigens were excreted in urine of
      patients with glomerulonephritis, hypertension, pyelonephritis, multiple myeloma,
      after operations, after kidney transplantation, under cytostatic treatment, and
      after administration of radiopaque agents. Histuria of BB-antigens was
      significantly higher in patients with multiple myeloma and Bence-Jones
      proteinuria compared to those patients where no Bence-Jones L-chains in urine
      became apparent. Selective kidney angiography and intravenous urography caused a
      significantly higher output of BB-antigens as compared to the control period (2 p
      less than 0,005). In a volunteer model, on the basis of BB-histuria, a different
      nephrotoxic potency of cephalosporins and aminoglycosides arose. In addition,
      beside soluble BB-antigens, also high molecular weight membrane vesicles were
      discovered in urine of patients after cytostatic treatment (cis-platinum), after
      x-ray contrast media, and after kidney transplantation. Both, soluble as well as
      supramolecular membrane vesicles were isolated from urine applying immunospecific
      affinity chromatography (anti-BS-agarose beads). Labeled antisera directed
      against the vesicle material of urine revealed a specific immunofluorescence of
      cortical tubule only.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6389322
TI  - [A solid-phase ELISA with specificity for rheumatoid factors of classes IgA, IgG
      and IgM].
AB  - A solid phase ELISA was developed for the simple and rapid determination of
      rheumatoid factors (RF) of all major immunoglobulin classes. Micro-ELISA-plates
      were coated with human Fc-fragments and incubated with various dilutions of serum
      samples as well as with an international RF reference serum. Rheumatoid factors
      were quantitatively detected by rabbit antibodies (RaHIgA(alpha), RaHIgM(mu),
      RaHIgG(Fab] conjugated with alkaline phosphatase. The specificity of the ELISA
      was proved by means of binding inhibition of all rheumatoid factor classes by
      heat aggregated human IgG. A comparison of the IgM-RF titres of the latex
      fixation test with the IgM-RF concentration values of the ELISA yielded high
      correlation (r = .81).

PMID- 6389316
TI  - Pericentric inversions. Problems and significance for clinical genetics.
AB  - A review is given of the incidence, cytogenetics, and biologic relevance of
      pericentric inversions (pii). In 251 cases in the literature and our patients, 96
      different inversion forms with different breakpoints are found. Eighteen of these
      cases have been observed several times in unrelated families; they are classified
      as types. The problem of pii in the heterochromatic regions of chromosomes 1 and
      9 is especially emphasized and the investigations required are pointed out. The
      significance of the individual pii is checked with regard to their behavior in
      meiosis and their phenotypical relevance. An approximately 1:1 segregation is
      found. Fertility, stillbirth, and rates of abortion are not statistically
      altered. The gonadal findings available at present in man are reported and
      commented on. The occurrence of aneusomic recombinants among the live offspring
      of carriers shows a marked dependence on the length of the relative inversion
      segments. Since these are distinctly below average in inversion types, they only
      result in recombinants in exceptional cases. Certain pointers to an above-random
      common occurrence of other chromosomal aberrations are not found in families with
      pii. A correlation between pii and clinical symptoms likewise cannot be detected.
      However, in this connection it is pointed out that trisomic mosaics were observed
      jointly with pii(9) and pii(22). The review is completed by a brief examination
      of the literature concerning the significance of pii in evolution.

PMID- 6389323
TI  - Suppression of follicular trapping of antigen-antibody complexes in mice treated
      with anti-IgM or anti-IgD antibodies from birth.
AB  - Mice were treated from birth with either goat anti-mouse IgM or with a monoclonal
      anti-IgD antibody. When they were 8 weeks old, cohorts of these mice were given
      125I-labelled antigen, either by itself, or in an antigen-antibody complex. Anti
      IgM-treated mice, which did not develop follicular structures in their spleens,
      failed to retain immune complexes on follicular dendritic cells in the
      characteristic pattern. Anti-IgD-treated mice, which had small follicles
      consisting of IgM+ IgD- B cells in their spleens, retained substantially smaller
      amounts of immune complexes than normal. These results support the concept that B
      lymphocytes transport antigen-antibody complexes to follicular dendritic cells.
      Furthermore, in the mouse it seems likely that this is mediated by both IgM+ IgD+
      and IgM+ IgD- B cells.

PMID- 6389324
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies specific for human monocytes, granulocytes and endothelium.
AB  - Four monoclonal antibodies against antigens of human myeloid cells have been
      produced and thoroughly characterized in terms of their reactions with peripheral
      blood cells, cell lines, nine lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues and the
      polypeptides with which they react. UCHM1 and SmO identify antigens present on
      the majority of blood monocytes and a variable, but lower, proportion of tissue
      macrophages. From their morphology and location in tissues, these cells appear to
      be recirculating monocytes. SMO antigen is also present on platelets. In
      addition, both antibodies stained endothelial cells, SMO in all tissues examined
      and UCHM1 variably. Biochemical investigation indicated that the UCHM1 antigen is
      a protein of 52,000 MW while the SMO antigen could not be indentified. The
      antibodies TG1 and 28 identify antigens mainly present on granulocytes. While mAb
      28 reacted with neutrophils, TG1 also stained eosinophils and stained strongly a
      proportion of monocytes. TG1 also reacted variably with some non-haemopoietic
      cell lines. Both antibodies reacted predominantly with granulocytes in tissue
      sections. MAb TG1 precipitated a single polypeptide of 156,000 MW from monocytes
      and granulocytes, while mAb 28 precipitated non-convalently associated
      polypeptides of 83,000 and 155,000 MW from granulocytes but only a single
      molecule from monocytes, corresponding to the lower MW chain of 83,000. The
      epitope with which mAb 28 reacts appears not to be exposed on the surface of
      intact monocytes. This suggests that a similar or identical 83,000 MW molecule is
      made by both neutrophils and monocytes, but that its expression differs according
      to cell type.

PMID- 6389325
TI  - Diagnostic significance of the human antibody response to a major cytoplasmic
      antigen of C. albicans.
AB  - In contrast to the ubiquitous presence of IgG antibodies to mannan or to crude
      antigen preparations of C. albicans (CA), antibodies to a purified cytoplasmic
      antigen (SSF) of CA were detected by ELISA only in patients with candidiasis. The
      differences of mean absorbancy values found in different groups of sera can allow
      the distinction of normal sensitized controls from patients with candidiasis and
      can also distinguish between patients with different degrees of C. albicans
      invasion.

PMID- 6389326
TI  - Congenital complete heart block: an overview.

PMID- 6389327
TI  - Salmonella typhimurium epidemic in newborn nursery.

PMID- 6389328
TI  - Prevalence of multiple drug resistance amongst strains of Esch. coli isolated
      from cases of diarrhea.

PMID- 6389329
TI  - Human growth hormone deficiency.

PMID- 6389330
TI  - Neuroblastoma.

PMID- 6389331
TI  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

PMID- 6389332
TI  - Child psychiatry--historical perspective.

PMID- 6389333
TI  - Impure blow out fracture of orbital floor.

PMID- 6389334
TI  - Influence of androgen on translatable renin mRNA in the mouse submandibular
      gland.
AB  - In mature outbred Swiss male mice, submandibular gland renin enzyme activity is 4
      and 10-fold higher than in glands of prepubescent males and mature females,
      respectively. Levels of translatable renin mRNA have been studied in mouse
      submandibular gland during postnatal development and following administration of
      testosterone. The [35S]methionine-labeled cell-free translation products directed
      by male glandular mRNA contain a 47 +/- 2kd renin precursor that is not detected
      in products coded by prepubescent male or female gland mRNA. This cell-free
      synthesized precursor is detected immunochemically only in the translation
      products of gland mRNA from males of 33 days or older and from females receiving
      testosterone administration, a pattern consistent with the measurements of renin
      enzyme activity. This increase in biologically active renin mRNA is a selective
      one, since unfractionated male and female mRNAs have similar overall nucleotide
      sequence complexity corresponding to 1% of mouse single copy DNA. The cDNA
      transcribed from male gland mRNA reacts 5- and 10-fold faster with the template
      mRNA than with female or prepubescent male gland mRNA, respectively, which
      indicates that the male gland contains abundant nucleotide sequences that exist
      at low concentration in the female or prepubescent male. Selective hybrid
      arrested translation confirms that the levels of renin mRNA are lower in the
      glands of prepubescent males than in those of the mature males. These data
      indicate that the regulation of renin enzymatic activity by androgens is mediated
      by an increase in the levels of translatable renin mRNA both during postnatal
      development and after testosterone administration.

PMID- 6389335
TI  - Role of the renal nerves in one-kidney, one clip hypertension in rats.
AB  - The effects of renal denervation on the onset and maintenance of one-kidney, one
      clip Goldblatt (1K1C) hypertension were determined. Renal denervation was
      performed at the time of 1K1C surgery, and was repeated at 3-week intervals to
      prevent renal nerve regeneration. Denervation delayed the onset of 1K1C
      hypertension by about 5 weeks, but the final hypertensive state was unaltered.
      Mean arterial pressure (MAP) averaged 196 +/- 11.4 mm Hg in six rats at 9 weeks
      after 1K1C surgery and 194 +/- 11.3 mm Hg in eight renal-denervated rats at this
      time. The delay in the development of 1K1C hypertension following renal
      denervation could not be explained by interference with renin release. This delay
      in the development of hypertension could be prevented, however, in renal
      denervated 1K1C rats by substituting saline for the drinking water. Two weeks
      after 1K1C surgery and a high sodium diet, MAP averaged 164 +/- 6.4 mm Hg in
      eight rats rats with intact renal nerves and 173 +/- 4.8 mm Hg in nine renal
      denervated rats. Intact renal nerves are not necessary for the development or
      maintenance of 1K1C hypertension. Renal denervation delays development of 1K1C
      hypertension, possibly by delaying the ability of these rats to retain sodium.

PMID- 6389336
TI  - Evidence for an extrarenal source of inactive renin in rats.
AB  - We studied the source of inactive renin in plasma by investigating the changes of
      active and inactive renin after bilateral nephrectomy in the rat. Active renin
      rapidly decreased after bilateral nephrectomy, with a half-life of approximately
      15 minutes. Inactive renin, on the other hand, was 20.96 +/- 1.63 ng/ml/hr before
      nephrectomy and gradually increased to reach a peak at 20 hours after nephrectomy
      (193 +/- 62 ng/ml/hr). The molecular weight of active renin was approximately
      40,000 and that of inactive renin was approximately 60,000 on a Sephacryl S-200
      column. Inactive renin was separated from active renin by a Cibacron blue column,
      and the 0 time inactive renin eluted in the same fractions as the inactive renin
      from 20 hours after nephrectomy. The pH optimum of inactive renin in rat renin
      substrate was between 5.5 and 7.5, which differs from the optimal value of pepsin
      or cathepsin D. The increase of inactive renin in nephrectomized rats was not
      prevented by removal of the salivary glands, uterus, spleen, pancreas, stomach,
      intestines, adrenal glands, or pituitary. In summary, inactive renin is present
      in the anephric rat and does not appear to be converted to active renin in the
      peripheral blood. The source and control of this extrarenal inactive renin are
      still unclear, but this renin is secreted in the rat within hours after
      nephrectomy.

PMID- 6389337
TI  - Further evaluation of saline infusion for the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism.
AB  - Normal subjects, normal-renin hypertensive patients, and low-renin hypertensive
      patients were evaluated by intravenous saline infusion and with a fludrocortisone
      acetate (Florinef) protocol to clarify diagnostic criteria for primary
      aldosteronism that are recommended for the saline infusion protocol. The patients
      consumed a 200 mEq sodium, 70 mEq potassium diet for 6 days, and on the last 3
      days received Florinef 0.5 mg orally twice daily. On Days 3 and 6, urinary
      aldosterone and tetrahydroaldosterone excretions were determined, and on Days 4
      and 7 plasma aldosterone (PA) was determined at 0600 after overnight recumbency
      and at 0800 after 2 hours of walking. Although the level of normal PA suppression
      by saline infusion has been commonly defined as 10 ng/dl, a value of 5 ng/dl was
      originally recommended. In 20 normal subjects and 45 normal-renin hypertensive
      patients, we found that the PA was almost always suppressed below 5 ng/dl. In 18
      of 75 low-renin patients including five with aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA),
      the PA was never suppressed below 10 ng/dl; thus, these 18 patients had classical
      primary aldosteronism by generally accepted criteria. The Florinef protocol was
      performed in eight of these 18 patients and was abnormal in all. An abnormal
      Florinef protocol was also found in seven of 15 patients studied with PA
      suppression after saline infusion to between 5 and 10 ng/dl, but in only one of
      24 patients studied with PA suppression below 5 ng/dl. Additional studies in the
      subgroup with abnormal results from the Florinef protocol indicated that none of
      these patients had evidence of APA, so they had nontumorous primary aldosteronism
      (NTPA).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6389338
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of renin-secreting tumors. Report of three cases.
AB  - During the past 10 years, we have found renin-secreting renal juxtaglomerular
      cell tumors in three hypertensive patients (two women, one man, aged 22, 69, and
      21 years, respectively). The major chemical and biological findings revealed the
      association of severe hypertension with hypokalemia and increased plasma renin
      activity and plasma aldosterone. The diagnosis of such tumors is difficult, and
      two of the three patients were followed up for four and five years respectively
      before undergoing surgery. The pharmacological blockade of the renin system by
      various agents (beta-blockers, angiotensin II antagonists, and captopril) and its
      effects on blood pressure and plasma renin activity proved to be unreliable.
      Renal venous catheterization for renin measurements failed to provide adequate
      localization of the tumor. Direct radioimmunoassay, however, showed the total
      plasma renin to be markedly elevated. In addition, renal arteriography showed an
      avascular area corresponding to the renin-secreting tumor in each of the three
      patients. All three patients were cured of hypertension and hypokalemia by
      excision of the tumor.

PMID- 6389339
TI  - The Australian therapeutic trial in mild hypertension.

PMID- 6389340
TI  - Trypanosoma lewisi in field rats and its zoonotic importance.

PMID- 6389341
TI  - Monoclonal antibody detection of IncF group plasmid-encoded TraT protein in
      clinical isolates of Escherichia coli.
AB  - The TraT protein specified by IncF group plasmids mediates surface exclusion and
      bacterial resistance to the lethal activities of serum. In this study, an anti
      TraT protein monoclonal antibody was generated which failed to react with TraT+
      bacteria but which efficiently detected solubilized TraT protein in Western blots
      and in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Use of this antibody to screen
      clinical and nonclinical isolates of Escherichia coli for the production of TraT
      protein revealed its presence in a modest proportion (38%) of normal fecal
      strains, a significantly higher proportion of clinical strains (51 to 73%), and
      an even higher proportion (78 to 88%) of clinical strains concomitantly producing
      the K1 capsule, an important virulence factor of E. coli.

PMID- 6389342
TI  - Enhancement of experimental actinomycosis in mice by Eikenella corrodens.
AB  - The infectivity of Actinomyces israelii in a susceptible-weanling-mouse was
      increased by the presence of Eikenella corrodens in the inoculum. A minimal
      infecting dose of 1.7 X 10(7) CFU of A. israelii was required to establish
      chronic lesions after an intraperitoneal injection. When E. corrodens (3.8 X
      10(7) CFU) was included in the inoculum, chronic lesions were established with a
      dose of 8.5 X 10(4) CFU of A. israelii. E. corrodens alone did not produce
      persistent lesions. Viable E. corrodens could be recovered from chronic mixed
      actinomycotic lesions in numbers that often equaled or exceeded the populations
      of A. israelii in the lesions. The duration of acute actinomycotic infections
      caused by A. viscosus was temporarily extended by the presence of E. corrodens.
      The cellular inflammatory response and overall morphology of mixed experimental
      lesions containing A. israelii and E. corrodens did not appear to be
      significantly different from those of pure-culture lesions containing A. israelii
      alone. E. corrodens cells could not be readily discerned in stained histological
      sections of mixed experimental lesions.

PMID- 6389344
TI  - Oral vaccination of monkeys with an invasive Escherichia coli K-12 hybrid
      expressing Shigella flexneri 2a somatic antigen.
AB  - A living oral vaccine, designed to protect against Shigella flexneri 2a
      infections, was constructed by using Escherichia coli K-12 as a carrier strain.
      The hybrid strain, designated EC104, contained both chromosomal and plasmid genes
      from S. flexneri donor strains. In addition to expressing the S. flexneri 2a
      somatic antigen, it had inherited the property of epithelial-cell invasion. After
      the oral administration to rhesus monkeys, EC104 was isolated from the feces for
      up to 3 days, but by day 4 all stool cultures were negative. The serum antibody
      response against S. flexneri 2a somatic antigen was variable, but the vaccine
      conferred significant protection against an oral challenge with virulent S.
      flexneri 2a.

PMID- 6389343
TI  - Identification and characterization of a major surface antigen of Giardia
      lamblia.
AB  - The surface antigens of Giardia lamblia trophozoites were characterized by
      crossed immunoelectrophoresis, radioiodination, and immunoprecipitation. Crossed
      immunoelectrophoretic analysis of trophozoites with hyperimmune rabbit anti
      trophozoite antiserum revealed a prominent precipitin peak that disappeared upon
      adsorption of the antiserum with live or formaldehyde-fixed trophozoites. This
      peak was intensely labeled when the antigen was derived from surface
      radioiodinated trophozoites. An antiserum monospecific for the antigen contained
      in this precipitin peak was prepared. The precipitin peak was shown to contain an
      antigen with an apparent molecular weight of 82,000 by Western blotting. The
      antiserum also detected this 82,000-molecular-weight antigen on nitrocellulose
      blots of trophozoites analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. On radioiodination of live trophozoites, an iodinated molecule
      of 82,000 apparent molecular weight was resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and was immunoprecipitated by the monospecific
      antiserum. Preliminary characterization of this antigen with the monospecific
      antiserum in crossed immunoelectrophoresis revealed that the surface antigen is
      hydrophobic and thus may be anchored in the plasma membrane, and that it is heat
      sensitive, but only partially sensitive to pronase or periodate. This antigen was
      shared by the four G. lamblia strains examined.

PMID- 6389345
TI  - Expression of lipopolysaccharide O antigen in Escherichia coli K-12 hybrids
      containing plasmid and chromosomal genes from Shigella dysenteriae 1.
AB  - The requirement for both plasmid and chromosomal genes in the biosynthesis of
      Shigella dysenteriae 1 lipopolysaccharide O antigen was demonstrated in
      Escherichia coli-Shigella hybrids. A 6-megadalton S. dysenteriae 1 plasmid,
      designated pWR23, was phenotypically tagged with the Tn3 ampicillin-resistance
      transposon. The tagged plasmid, designated pWR24, was transferred by
      transformation or conjugal mobilization to a rough E. coli K-12 recipient.
      Although the resultant hybrids were agglutinated in S. dysenteriae 1 antiserum,
      they did not remove all of the anti-Shiga agglutinins in absorption experiments.
      Modified lipid A core structure was detected in these hybrids, but Shiga O
      antigen was not expressed. When the his+ locus of the S. dysenteriae 1 chromosome
      was transferred by transduction to E. coli K-12 containing pWR24, complete Shiga
      O antigen was expressed. Lipopolysaccharide extracted from these hybrids was
      indistinguishable chemically, electrophoretically, and serologically from native
      S. dysenteriae 1 lipopolysaccharide.

PMID- 6389346
TI  - Immunological evaluation of a component isolated from Mycobacterium bovis BCG
      with a monoclonal antibody to M. bovis BCG.
AB  - A component of Mycobacterium bovis BCG referred to as BCG-a was isolated through
      the combined use of monoclonal antibody directed to BCG and affinity
      chromatography. Analysis of BCG-a by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis revealed a single prominent band with a molecular weight of ca.
      10,000. Structural characterization of BCG-a consisting of amino acid composition
      and amino-terminal sequence determination was carried out. The intact BCG-a
      antigen was bound by neither the lectin from common lentils nor concanavalin A,
      implying that BCG-a does not carry any asparagine-linked oligosaccharides.
      Immunoprecipitation of 125I-labeled BCG-a with polyclonal and monoclonal
      antibodies directed against BCG resulted in bands having the same mobility on
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as did free 125I-BCG-a.
      In radioimmunoassays 125I-BCG-a was bound by the monoclonal antibody and by
      polyclonal antibodies from rabbits that had been immunized to BCG and to
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Antibodies to nontuberculous and to nonacid
      fast bacteria bound BCG-a poorly or not at all. The binding of 125I-BCG-a by the
      monoclonal antibody was readily inhibited by extracts of BCG and H37Rv, but it
      was not as readily inhibited by extracts of nontuberculous mycobacteria and was
      not at all inhibited by extracts of nonacid-fast bacteria. Considerable
      inhibition was similarly observed by surface antigens of nonviable, intact BCG
      organisms. Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to small concentrations
      of BCG-a were elicited in guinea pigs that had been immunized with BCG or H37Rv
      antigens, but such reactions were not elicited in unimmunized animals.

PMID- 6389347
TI  - Agglutination of Streptococcus mutans by low-molecular-weight salivary
      components: effect of beta 2-microglobulin.
AB  - Radiolabeled monomeric human beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) was tested for
      binding to Streptococcus mutans strains in buffers containing 1 mM calcium
      (Ca2+). Binding was seen to strains with a previously established binding
      capacity of aggregated beta 2m. Monomeric beta 2m agglutinated beta 2m-binding
      strains when Ca2+ was present. At Ca2+ concentrations of 1.4 mM, 0.032 micrograms
      of monomeric beta 2m per ml caused bacterial agglutination. Parotid saliva was
      gel filtered on a Sephadex G-75 column, and low-molecular-weight fractions
      containing beta 2m could agglutinate S. mutans cells. Five of six strains that
      could bind beta 2m were agglutinated by these fractions, but only one of five
      nonbinding strains was. All strains tested were agglutinated by void volume
      fractions. A new method for the measurement of turbidity in bacterial
      agglutination inhibition experiments with parotid saliva was used. Suspensions
      containing parotid saliva, bacteria, and control serum were directly compared in
      a spectrophotometer with test suspensions containing goat anti-human beta 2m,
      bacteria, and saliva. Thus, the spectrophotometer directly read the difference in
      agglutination of the two suspensions, and the result was presented as one curve
      by the recorder. Agglutination of five beta 2m-binding strains of S. mutans was
      inhibited or decreased by the addition of goat anti-human beta 2m as compared
      with control serum. The agglutination of two beta 2m-nonbinding strains and one
      with variable binding was not inhibited. Thus, salivary beta 2m may contribute to
      agglutination of S. mutans cells in parotid saliva.

PMID- 6389348
TI  - The gene for type A streptococcal exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin) is located in
      bacteriophage T12.
AB  - The infection of Streptococcus pyogenes T25(3) with the temperate bacteriophage
      T12 results in the conversion of the nontoxigenic strain to type A streptococcal
      exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin) production. Although previous research has
      established that integration of the bacteriophage genome into the host chromosome
      is not essential for exotoxin production, the location of the gene on the
      bacteriophage or bacterial chromosome had not been determined. In the present
      investigation, recombinant DNA techniques were used to determine whether the gene
      specifying type A streptococcal exotoxin (speA) production is located on the
      bacteriophage chromosome. Bacteriophage T12 was obtained from S. pyogenes
      T25(3)(T12) by induction with mitomycin C, and after isolation of bacteriophage
      DNA by phenol-chloroform extraction, the DNA was digested with restriction
      enzymes and ligated with Escherichia coli plasmid pHP34 or the Streptococcus-E.
      coli shuttle vector pSA3. Transformation of E. coli HB101 with the recombinant
      molecules allowed selection of E. coli clones containing bacteriophage T12 genes.
      Immunological assays with specific antibody revealed the presence of type A
      streptococcal exotoxin in sonicates of E. coli transformants. Subcloning
      experiments localized the speA gene to a 1.7-kilobase segment of the
      bacteriophage T12 genome flanked by SalI and HindIII sites. Introduction of the
      pSA3 vector containing the speA gene into Streptococcus sanguis (Challis)
      resulted in transformants that secreted the type A exotoxin. Immunological
      analysis showed that the type A streptococcal exotoxin produced by E. coli and S.
      sanguis transformants was identical to the type A exotoxin produced by S.
      pyogenes T25(3)(T12). Southern blot hybridizations with the cloned fragment
      confirmed its presence in the bacteriophage T12 genome and its absence in the
      T25(3) nonlysogen. Therefore, the gene for type A streptococcal exotoxin is
      located in the bacteriophage genome, and conversion of S. pyogenes T25(3) to
      toxigenicity occurs in a manner similar to the conversion of Corynebacterium
      diphtheriae to toxigenicity by bacteriophage beta.

PMID- 6389349
TI  - Inhibition of phagocytosis and chemiluminescence in human leukocytes by a lipid
      soluble factor in normal tissues.
AB  - Homogenates of normal rat tissues inhibited several functional parameters of
      normal human peripheral blood leukocytes, including luminol-dependent
      chemiluminescence induced by both soluble (phorbol myristate acetate) and
      particulate (Escherichia coli) stimuli; in vitro uptake of radiolabeled E. coli;
      and in vitro phagocytosis and killing of E. coli. The doses of rat tissue protein
      that caused a 50% inhibition of leukocyte chemiluminescence were ca. 6.2
      micrograms for small intestine, 83 micrograms for kidney; 100 micrograms for
      heart; 132 micrograms for liver, 190 micrograms for skeletal muscle, and 307
      micrograms for brain. The putative phagocytosis inhibitor (PI) in rat liver was
      more plentiful in particulate fractions than in the cytosol. The PI activity in
      the original or Miranol-solubilized rat liver homogenate was nondialyzable, and
      it was reduced substantially by heating at 90 degrees C for 30 min but not at 56
      degrees C for 30 min. It was unaffected by aprotinin, a potent inhibitor of
      proteolytic activity. Treatment of tissues with trypsin did not reduce PI
      activity, whereas treatment with phospholipase A2 clearly increased it. The bulk
      (up to 88%) of PI in rat liver or small intestine could be extracted by lipid
      solvents, e.g., diethyl ether. Purified fatty acids were potent inhibitors of
      leukocyte chemiluminescence; other lipids had little or no inhibiting activity.
      The various data suggest that (i) normal tissues contain a potent PI and (ii)
      that the PI is a lipid moiety.

PMID- 6389350
TI  - Construction of a potential live oral bivalent vaccine for typhoid fever and
      cholera-Escherichia coli-related diarrheas.
AB  - We used the Salmonella typhi galactose epimerase (galE) mutant strain Ty21a,
      shown to be a safe, effective, living, attenuated oral typhoid vaccine, as a
      recipient for a recombinant plasmid containing the gene for production of the
      nontoxic B subunit of the heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli. The S.
      typhi derivative, strain SE12, produced heat-labile enterotoxin subunit B that
      was structurally and immunologically indistinguishable from heat-labile
      enterotoxin subunit B produced by strains of E. coli harboring the same plasmid.
      Tests in mice and guinea pigs showed that strain SE12 was safe when given orally
      and was capable of inducing a significant antitoxic antibody response when
      injected parenterally. Moreover, it retained the galactose sensitivity of the
      parent strain, preserving its utility as a typhoid vaccine. This strain may prove
      to be a useful live oral bivalent vaccine strain for typhoid fever and cholera-E.
      coli-related diarrheas.

PMID- 6389351
TI  - Haemophilus influenzae type b isolates show antigenic variation in a major outer
      membrane protein.
AB  - Antigenic variation of the outer membrane proteins among isolates of Haemophilus
      influenzae was examined by immunoblotting. Rabbit antisera were raised against
      six strains of H. influenzae type b and tested against outer membrane
      preparations of 50 isolates. The principal outer membrane band was not reactive
      on immunoblotting, so its antigenic heterogeneity could not be examined. Most of
      the other outer membrane proteins shared common determinants among all strains
      tested. Absorption of serum with heterologous bacteria removed antibody to nearly
      all proteins, confirming the extensive cross-reactivity among isolates. The
      greatest antigenic variation was seen in one major outer membrane band, a heat
      modifiable, Zwittergent-soluble protein with a molecular weight of 49,000 to
      51,000. One antiserum reacted with the 49,000-to-51,000-molecular-weight protein
      of the homologous isolate only; the remaining five antisera showed differing
      patterns of reactivity with heterologous 49,000-to-51,000-molecular-weight
      proteins. We were able to divide the 50 H. influenzae isolates into 13 antigenic
      groups based on their reaction patterns. The antigenic groupings may provide an
      epidemiological tool for studying the prevalence and transmission of strains of
      H. influenzae type b.

PMID- 6389352
TI  - Inhibition of in vitro human lymphocyte response by the pneumococcal toxin
      pneumolysin.
AB  - The effects of pneumolysin, a sulfhydryl-activated cytolytic toxin produced by
      Streptococcus pneumoniae, on the in vitro human lymphocyte response was examined.
      The toxin, at concentrations of one to five hemolytic units per ml, caused marked
      inhibition of the response of lymphocytes to concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin,
      pokeweed mitogen, and protein A. The response was assessed by measuring both
      [3H]thymidine incorporation and the ability of lymphocytes to produce
      immunoglobulins and lymphokine activity. The effects of pneumolysin were
      irreversible, could be prevented by pretreatment of the toxin with cholesterol,
      and were not related to a direct cytotoxic effect on the lymphocytes. Pneumolysin
      appeared to act at the initiation phase of the immune response and had no effect
      on lymphocytes committed to DNA synthesis or to the synthesis and secretion of
      immunoglobulins. Furthermore, pneumolysin-mediated inhibition of the lymphocyte
      response was not due to the inhibition of binding of mitogens to leukocytes and
      is likely to be related to effects on membrane-mediated signals essential for
      lymphocyte triggering. This may be one means by which pneumolysin plays a role in
      the pathogenesis of pneumococcal infections.

PMID- 6389353
TI  - Purification and characterization of a cloned protease-resistant Treponema
      pallidum-specific antigen.
AB  - A cloned Treponema pallidum antigen, designated 4D, was purified from Escherichia
      coli predominantly as a 190-kilodalton (kd) polypeptide, although higher
      oligomeric forms exist. Extensive proteolysis of 4D created a limit digestion
      product of 90 kd which retained antigenicity with sera from patients with
      primary, secondary, early latent, late latent, and tertiary syphilis. A molecule
      indistinguishable from 90-kd 4D in size, isoelectric point, and antigenicity was
      isolated from T. pallidum after proteolysis. The 190- and 90-kd forms of 4D were
      stable at 68 degrees C but converted to 19- and 14-kd species, respectively,
      after boiling in sodium dodecyl sulfate. The low-molecular-weight species did not
      react with syphilitic sera. Rabbits immunized with the purified 4D antigen
      developed antibodies which immobilized virulent T. pallidum in a complement
      dependent assay system, suggesting that the antigen has a native surface
      location.

PMID- 6389354
TI  - Does enteropathogenic Escherichia coli produce heat-labile enterotoxin, heat
      stable enterotoxins a or b, or cholera toxin A subunits?
AB  - Although most enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains do not produce recognized
      enterotoxins, we wished to examine whether they produce any factors like heat
      stable enterotoxin b or cholera toxin active subunits that might be missed by
      conventional assay methods. E. coli strains E851 (O142) and E2348 (O127) that had
      caused diarrhea in volunteers were negative for heat-labile enterotoxin and heat
      stable enterotoxin a in Chinese hamster ovary cell and suckling mouse assays,
      failed to cause secretion in ligated small bowel loops from 6- to 8-week-old pigs
      after 4 to 5 h (used to show heat-stable enterotoxin b), and did not activate
      adenylate cyclase in pigeon erythrocyte lysates (used to demonstrate cholera
      toxin A subunit). We conclude that crude, unconcentrated culture filtrates and
      sonicates do not mimic heat-labile or heat-stable enterotoxins or cholera toxin
      or its A subunit and that enteropathogenic strains of E. coli probably have yet
      another mechanism or group of mechanisms by which they cause diarrhea.

PMID- 6389355
TI  - H-2-linked genes which modify resistance of C57BL/10 mice to subcutaneous
      infection with Mycobacterium lepraemurium.
AB  - Strains of C57BL/10 mice with recombinants within the H-2 complex were used to
      map the genes which control the mononuclear cell response at the infection site
      and modify resistance to subcutaneous infection with Mycobacterium lepraemurium.
      Strains with b in the K-E beta regions of the H-2 complex mounted a more rapid
      cellular response in the infected footpad and were more resistant than mice with
      d or k in the K-E beta regions. Significant differences between strains with k in
      the K-E beta regions appeared to be controlled by a gene in the D region.

PMID- 6389356
TI  - In vivo analysis of impaired macrophage bactericidal capacity during experimental
      African trypanosomiasis.
AB  - Since innate resistance of mice to Salmonella typhimurium depends on an intact
      macrophage system, we have used this bacterium to investigate the effect of
      Trypanosoma brucei subsp. rhodesiense infection on macrophage phagocytic and
      cytolytic function. CBA/CaJ mice infected with T. brucei subsp. rhodesiense have
      decreased resistance to S. typhimurium, since doubly infected mice rapidly
      succumb to sublethal doses of S. typhimurium. Although trypanosomiasis is known
      to suppress antibody formation, such a suppression of antibody does not seem to
      play a role in trypanosome-induced sensitivity to S. typhimurium. A trypanosome
      induced blockade of the reticuloendothelial system also does not occur, since
      parasitized and control mice clear S. typhimurium from the blood equally well.
      Early killing (0 to 48 h) of S. typhimurium in the liver and spleen is mainly
      macrophage mediated, and mice infected with trypanosomes kill S. typhimurium in
      the liver and spleen very poorly. Apparently trypanosomiasis inhibits macrophage
      bactericidal activity, but has no effect on phagocytosis.

PMID- 6389357
TI  - A role for rheumatoid factor enhancement of Plasmodium falciparum schizont
      inhibition in vitro.
AB  - Studies were undertaken to determine whether rheumatoid factor (RF) was present
      in immune human and Aotus trivirgatus monkey sera which inhibited Plasmodium
      falciparum schizonts in vitro and to determine whether RF could be responsible
      for or contribute to merozoite agglutination in the parasite inhibition test.
      Additional studies were conducted to determine the effect of exogenous RF on
      schizont inhibition when used alone or in conjunction with immune or normal sera.
      RF was not detected in any of the 11 immune monkey sera or the 3 immune human
      sera which were tested. However, when RF was added to immune human or Aotus sera,
      levels of schizont inhibition increased significantly over levels obtained with
      immune serum alone. When RF was used alone or in conjunction with normal sera,
      levels of schizont inhibition were comparable to those obtained with normal
      serum. Furthermore, adsorption of the RF with immunoglobulin G-coated
      erythrocytes removed the enhancing activity. The results of this study indicate
      that RF, which is sometimes produced during acute or chronic malarial infection,
      may contribute nonspecifically to the enhanced clearance of plasmodia in vivo.

PMID- 6389358
TI  - Pathogenicity of attaching effacing enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated
      from diarrheic suckling and weanling rabbits for newborn rabbits.
AB  - The pathogenicity of six strains of Escherichia coli originating from different
      commercial rabbitries was tested in neonatal rabbits. Two strains isolated from
      healthy weaned rabbits (O7:H6 and O9:H?) did not induce any clinical sign or
      lesion. Two strains (O109:H2) isolated from diarrheic suckling rabbits caused
      yellow diarrhea 36 to 60 h after inoculation and high mortality between 60 and 72
      h after infection. At 12 h after infection, light and electron microscopy showed
      attachment to epithelial cells and effacement of microvilli from proximal small
      intestine to colon. Bacteria were often present in the apical cytoplasm of
      epithelial cells. The two strains isolated from diarrheic weanling rabbits
      (O109:H2 and O15:H-) did not induce any clinical sign. Attachment to epithelial
      cells and effacement of microvilli was observed 48 h after inoculation in distal
      small intestine, cecum, and colon. These data are further evidence for the
      existence of two groups of attaching effacing enteropathogenic E. coli in
      rabbits, showing different preferences for age group and intestinal compartment.

PMID- 6389359
TI  - Effect of peroral immunization of humans with Streptococcus mutans on induction
      of salivary and serum antibodies and inhibition of experimental infection.
AB  - Naturally occurring antibodies reactive with Streptococcus mutans whole cells
      were assayed in whole saliva, parotid saliva, and blood samples collected from
      eight human volunteers. The levels and serotypes of indigenous S. mutans in
      plaque and whole saliva samples were also determined. After baseline sampling the
      teeth were cleaned and the subjects were inoculated with streptomycin-resistant
      S. mutans strains Ingbritt (serotype c) and OMZ65 (serotype g). The level of
      implantation and duration of colonization were determined in plaque and saliva,
      and antibodies reactive with these strains were monitored in saliva and serum.
      After the implanted bacteria were shed, the subjects wee immunized by the daily
      ingestion of an enteric-coated capsule containing 25 mg of Formalin-killed,
      freeze-dried OMZ65 cells for 3 days and inoculation was repeated. The levels of
      antibodies and of implantation and the duration of colonization were monitored as
      before. One month after the bacteria could no longer be detected, the
      immunization and inoculation cycle was repeated except that the subjects were
      immunized for 7 days. Five of the eight subjects were successfully colonized by
      strains Ingbritt and OMZ65. The remaining three did not become colonized with
      either strain. Strain OMZ65 implanted at a higher level than did strain Ingbritt.
      Oral immunization did not result in a detectable antibody response in saliva or
      serum to whole bacterial cells. However, after both the first and second
      immunizations there were marked reductions in the peak levels of infection and
      the duration of colonization of both OMZ65 and Ingbritt.

PMID- 6389360
TI  - Botulism in metronidazole- treated conventional adult mice challenged
      orogastrically with spores of Clostridium botulinum type A or B.
AB  - Conventional adult mice were pretreated with metronidazole to make their
      intestinal tracts receptive to colonization by Clostridium botulinum. These mice,
      in groups of 10, were fed 0 (controls), 10(2), 10(3), 10(4), or 10(5) C.
      botulinum type B spores and were placed for observation in filter-lid cages whose
      screen floors minimized the amounts of feces available for coprophagy. The
      opportunity to eat feces was made equal for all mouse groups by placing one mouse
      of every group in each of 10 cages. Mice given a spore inoculum began to develop
      botulism after incubation periods of slightly less than 2.75 days. Morbidity
      rates, which reached maxima within 5 days of challenge, were related to inocula
      levels. Mortality rates were also dose related. Mice given 10(5) spores and then
      type B antitoxin intraperitoneally, a treatment not affecting intraintestinal
      toxin production, remained healthy. Morbidity among control mice was seldom more
      than 10% and could be ascribed to toxin ingested with feces. A C. botulinum type
      A spore suspension gave similar results, although morbidity and mortality rates
      were generally lower than after challenge with a comparable number of type B
      spores. Mice challenged with 10(2) or 10(5) spores had similar toxin levels in
      their large intestines 48 h later. Morbidity rates correlated better with toxin
      levels in the small intestines.

PMID- 6389361
TI  - A plasmid-encoded outer membrane protein, TraT, enhances resistance of
      Escherichia coli to phagocytosis.
AB  - The presence of the outer membrane protein TraT, encoded by plasmid R6-5, reduces
      the sensitivity of Escherichia coli cells to phagocytosis by macrophages. This
      effect is independent of the bacterial capsule and is more evident in the
      presence of adsorbed normal human serum. The property of inhibiting phagocytosis
      is specifically abolished by anti-TraT protein antiserum and anti-TraT
      immunoglobulin G but not by Fab fragments. These results indicate that the TraT
      protein is a passive inhibitor of phagocytosis. Inhibition of phagocytosis is
      produced because the TraT protein antagonizes opsonization by complement, such
      that C3 deposition is reduced and altered in distribution.

PMID- 6389362
TI  - Phenolic glycolipid 1 of Mycobacterium leprae causes nonspecific inflammation but
      has no effect on cell-mediated responses in mice.
AB  - The involvement of the phenolic glycolipid from Mycobacterium leprae in cell
      mediated immunity has been investigated in this study. The phenolic glycolipid
      itself does not appear to stimulate cell-mediated immunity directly, as shown by
      its failure to elicit a classical delayed-type hypersensitivity response in mice
      immunized with M. leprae or to stimulate M. leprae-immune lymph node cells in a
      lymphoproliferative assay. Intradermal vaccination with the phenolic glycolipid
      failed to influence the growth of M. leprae in mouse footpads. A nonspecific
      inflammatory response to the sonicated glycolipid was observed in mice vaccinated
      with whole M. leprae and in control animals. No evidence was obtained for any
      adjuvant or suppressive effect on cell-mediated immunity by the phenolic
      glycolipid either to M. leprae or an unrelated antigen (sheep erythrocytes);
      neither sensitization nor elicitation to either antigen was affected.

PMID- 6389363
TI  - Flagella of Salmonella typhimurium are a virulence factor in infected C57BL/6J
      mice.
AB  - To determine whether flagella, chemotaxis, and motility of Salmonella typhimurium
      are virulence factors in infected C57BL/6J mice, we constructed isogenic pairs of
      derivatives of the nonfimbriated virulent strain SL3201. Of each pair, one member
      contained a mutation in a single gene that is required for expression of normal
      chemotactically directed motility, whereas the other member contained the wild
      type form of the gene. No additional differences between the members of a pair
      were evident. The phenotypic parameters examined for all derivatives included in
      vitro growth rate, sensitivity to P22 phage, amino acid auxotrophy, and biotype.
      For a flagellated and nonflagellated pair, the electron microscopic appearance of
      each member was examined as well as its lipopolysaccharide and outer membrane
      profiles by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The
      virulence of the various derivatives was then assessed in mice challenged orally,
      intraperitoneally, or intravenously. The results established that flagella,
      whether functional or nonfunctional as organelles of motility, were S.
      typhimurium virulence factors and that neither chemotaxis nor motility was
      required for virulence.

PMID- 6389364
TI  - Flagella help Salmonella typhimurium survive within murine macrophages.
AB  - In this study, we evaluated how flagella enhance the pathogenicity of Salmonella
      typhimurium in strain C57BL/6J mice. When mice were infected orally with
      flagellated or nonflagellated S. typhimurium, equivalent numbers of bacteria
      colonized the gastrointestinal tracts of the animals, but the number of
      flagellated organisms increased faster once colonization began in the spleens and
      livers. To evaluate this differential rate of Salmonella growth, the rate of
      blood clearance, and the kinetics of net multiplication of salmonellae in splenic
      tissue after intravenous challenge, the two groups of mice were compared. We
      found that clearance of bacteria from the blood was the same for flagellated or
      nonflagellated strains. However, the number of flagellated bacteria in the spleen
      increased logarithmically until the death of the animals, whereas the number of
      nonflagellated salmonellae increased only slightly. In contrast, both flagellated
      and nonflagellated strains grew exponentially in the spleens of mice pretreated
      with silica, a macrophage toxic agent. In an in vitro macrophage assay,
      flagellated salmonellae survived longer than nonflagellated organisms. These
      results indicate that flagella either protect S. typhimurium from the
      intracellular killing mechanisms of murine macrophages or that flagella enhance
      the ability of S. typhimurium to multiply within murine macrophages.

PMID- 6389365
TI  - Inhibition by sugars of Candida albicans adherence to human buccal mucosal cells
      and corneocytes in vitro.
AB  - The adherence and inhibition of adherence of Candida albicans to epithelial cells
      was studied for human cells obtained from skin (corneocytes) and buccal mucosa.
      The yeast adhered to both kinds of cells, although in somewhat greater numbers to
      buccal mucosal cells. Adherence to the cells of different individuals was
      variable, but the ratios of values for the two kinds of cells from a single
      subject were quite constant. Inhibition of adherence was produced by several
      sugars, including the aminosugars mannosamine, glucosamine, and galactosamine.
      The pattern of inhibition produced by the sugars was similar for the two types of
      cells. Pretreatment of the yeast with mannosamine, followed by dilution to a
      subinhibitory concentration, produced some inhibition of yeast-buccal mucosal
      cell attachment, indicating some direct interaction between the sugar and the
      fungal cell. These data suggest that the mechanisms whereby C. albicans attaches
      to corneocytes and to buccal mucosal cells are probably similar.

PMID- 6389366
TI  - Association of hydroxamate siderophore (aerobactin) with Escherichia coli
      isolated from patients with bacteremia.
AB  - Clinical isolates of Escherichia coli were examined for the presence of
      hydroxamate siderophore (aerobactin). The incidence of aerobactin-positive
      strains of E. coli from the blood was greater than the incidence of these strains
      isolated from other sites. The presence of aerobactin and the virulence of
      strains of E. coli in urinary tract infection were also examined in mice. The
      presence of aerobactin in the strains of E. coli correlated with virulence as
      measured by proportion of deaths but not with renal infection. These results
      suggest that the presence of aerobactin may be a significant factor in the
      invasion of the blood stream.

PMID- 6389367
TI  - Difference in susceptibility to gram-negative urinary tract infection between
      C3H/HeJ and C3H/HeN mice.
AB  - The difference in susceptibility to urinary tract infection between C3H/HeJ and
      C3H/HeN mice was tested for with gram-negative strains differing in
      lipopolysaccharide composition. Recently, impaired clearance of Escherichia coli
      from the kidney of C3H/HeJ compared to C3H/HeN mice was shown to be correlated
      with the LPS low responsiveness. In this study, a difference in clearance from
      the kidneys of C3H/HeJ and C3H/HeN mice was found only with lipopolysaccharide
      containing bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria, e.g., Staphylococcus saprophyticus
      and Streptococcus agalactiae, were recovered in essentially equal numbers from
      the kidneys of mice of both strains. In contrast, of the lipopolysaccharide
      containing strains used, all persisted in higher numbers in the kidneys of
      C3H/HeJ mice than in the kidneys of C3H/HeN mice. Variations in the O side chain
      did not eliminate this difference. E. coli Hu734 O75+K5+ and the rfb- mutant O75
      K5+ remained in similar numbers in C3H/HeJ mice, although O75-K5+ was eliminated
      more rapidly in C3H/HeN mice. The core structure did not affect the differential
      persistence in the two mouse strains. The rfb mutants with R1-R4 cores were
      eliminated after 24 h from the C3H/HeN mice, but remained in significant numbers
      in the kidneys of C3H/HeJ mice. Even the Re mutant of Salmonella minnesota
      persisted in low numbers in C3H/HeJ mice. The relative bacterial recovery from
      either mouse strain was related to the overall virulence of the infecting
      bacterial strain, but the difference between C3H/HeJ and C3H/HeN mice was
      associated with responsiveness to parts of lipopolysaccharide common to the
      bacterial strains tested.

PMID- 6389368
TI  - Macrophage activation and induction of macrophage cytotoxicity by purified
      polysaccharide fractions from the plant Echinacea purpurea.
AB  - Purified polysaccharides (EPS) prepared from the plant Echinacea purpurea are
      shown to strongly activate macrophages. Macrophages activated with these
      substances develop pronounced extracellular cytotoxicity against tumor targets.
      The activation is brought about by EPS alone and is independent of any
      cooperative effect with lymphocytes. Also the production and secretion of oxygen
      radicals and interleukin 1 by macrophages is increased after activation with EPS.
      Cells of the macrophages lineage seem to be the main target for the action of
      these polysaccharides. EPS has no effect on T lymphocytes. B lymphocytes show a
      comparatively modest proliferation after incubation with E. purpurea EPS. Thus,
      these compounds, which are at least in tissue culture completely nontoxic, may be
      suited to activate in vivo cells of the macrophage system to cytotoxicity. They
      may therefore be of relevance in tumor and infectious systems.

PMID- 6389369
TI  - Passive transfer of tuberculin sensitivity from anergic mice.
AB  - Mice heavily infected with Mycobacterium bovis BCG rapidly became anergic to
      cutaneous injection with tuberculin. Evidence is presented suggesting that this
      anergy reflects an adaptive physiological change within the host in which antigen
      reactive Thy-1.2+ cells become sequestered in central lymphoid tissues, with a
      concomitant reduction in the circulating pool. No evidence could be provided to
      support the suggestion that anergy was a consequence of an acquired
      immunosuppressive mechanism.

PMID- 6389370
TI  - Molecular characterization of glycoprotein antigens on surface of Treponema
      pallidum: comparison with nonpathogenic Treponema phagedenis biotype Reiter.
AB  - Four glycoproteins of Treponema pallidum were identified by intrinsic
      [14C]glucosamine labeling. Only two glycoproteins were demonstrated in T.
      phagedenis biotype Reiter with the same technique. Glycoproteins of both
      treponemes were characterized as antigens and shown to be localized within the
      outer membranes of the microorganisms.

PMID- 6389371
TI  - Production and characterization of antisera against guinea pig macrophage
      activating factor.
AB  - Guinea pig lymph node cells stimulated with concanavalin A (Con-A) were used as a
      source of lymphokines. Purifications by molecular sizing columns yielded
      sufficient quantities of macrophage activating factor (MAF)-active fractions to
      allow immunization of rabbits. An antiserum was produced which is capable of
      specifically inhibiting MAF activity, as well as blocking the activity of
      macrophage migration inhibiting factor (MIF), but not of skin reactive factor.
      Antisera raised against control supernatants derived from lymph node cells not
      stimulated with Con-A, failed to specifically inhibit any of these lymphokines.
      Additionally, anti-MAF but not anti-control antibodies suppressed completely
      contact sensitivity to dinitrochlorobenzene.

PMID- 6389372
TI  - Hemocarboperfusion in the USSR.

PMID- 6389373
TI  - Immunohistological evidence, obtained with monoclonal antibodies, of small
      intestinal brush border hydrolases in human colon cancers and foetal colons.
AB  - The expression of small intestinal hydrolases associated with the enterocyte
      brush border membrane was studied in human colon cancers and foetal colons, by
      means of monoclonal antibodies against human small intestinal sucrase-isomaltase
      (SI), maltase-glucoamylase (MGA), lactase (L), aminopeptidase N (APN), and
      dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP-IV). The enzymes were visualized by indirect
      immunofluorescence on cryostat sections of tumors developed in nude mice with 6
      human colon carcinoma cell lines (HT-29, Caco-2, SW-480, HRT-18, HCT-8R, and Co
      115), of 27 primary colorectal carcinomas from patients, and of human foetal (16
      to 20 weeks of gestation) and normal adult small intestines and colons. All 5
      monoclonals bound to the brush border of the adult small intestine, but not to
      that of the adult colon mucosa. Antibodies against SI, APN and DPP-IV also bound
      to the brush border of the foetal colons, to apical borders in HT-29 and Caco-2
      tumors in nude mice, and to brush border-like structures in 7/27 tumors from
      patients. No binding was observed for MGA and L in either tumors or foetal
      colons. Binding of anti-SI antibodies to the brush border of the juxta-tumoral
      mucosal epithelium was observed in 9/11 samples tested. These data indicate that
      some colon tumors exhibit a typical pattern of enterocytic differentiation which
      is of foetal type and which involves at least 3 brush border membrane hydrolases.
      Monoclonal antibodies to small intestinal hydrolases may, therefore, be important
      tools for identification and characterization of some differentiated colonic
      tumors.

PMID- 6389374
TI  - Basal lamina redevelopment in tumours metastatic to brain:an immunoperoxidase
      study using an antibody to type-IV collagen.
AB  - The basal lamina in a variety of metastatic tumours in brain was assessed with an
      antibody to type-IV collagen and the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. The
      antibody was raised in rabbits against type-IV collagen isolated from human
      placental tissue. Basal lamina redevelopment was demonstrated around individual
      melanoma cells, between melanoma cells and cerebral parenchyma, and at the tumour
      stroma interface in both metastatic melanoma and metastatic carcinoma. At the
      periphery of metastatic carcinomatous deposits, no basal lamina was observed
      between tumour cells and the adjacent cerebral parenchyma. Basal lamina staining
      other than that of cerebral vessels was absent in deposits of poorly
      differentiated tumours which were unaccompanied by the development of a tumour
      stroma. It is concluded that metastatic tumours retain the ability to produce
      basal lamina and, in the case of metastatic epithelial tumours, the redevelopment
      of basal lamina is dependent on interaction with mesenchymal tissue. The stromal
      dependency of basal lamina formation by metastatic epithelial tumours suggests
      the reactivation of a control mechanism acting in normal tissue. Although basal
      lamina formation in metastatic melanoma can occur in the absence of mesenchymal
      tissue, there may be some interaction between tumour cells and stroma in the
      redevelopment of basal lamina at the tumour-stroma interface.

PMID- 6389375
TI  - Mouse Lewis lung carcinoma and hepatoma ascites treatment by combination of
      liposome chemotherapy and non-specific immunotherapy.
AB  - Liposomes have been used as biological carriers of anti-tumor drugs, and their
      potential use has been tested in mouse Lewis lung carcinoma and hepatoma ascites
      tumor models. Ara-C3 given by the intraperitoneal i.p. route either at 35 mg/kg
      in a single dose or at 2.5 mg/kg/dose with 5 doses/day for 3 days had no effect
      on the average survival time of i.v. implanted LLC. However, the same single dose
      of Ara-C encapsulated in positively charged MLV significantly improved the
      average survival time of LLC-bearing mice. MTX was chosen as a test drug for the
      treatment of hepatoma ascites. Non-encapsulated MTX given at either 3 or 30 mg/kg
      by the i.p. route had little effect on the average survival of i.p.-implanted
      hepatoma ascites. However, MTX encapsulated in SUV at a 3 mg/kg dose by the i.p.
      route significantly improved the average survival time of tumor-bearing mice. A
      combination of chemotherapy and non-specific immunotherapy has also been tested
      with these 2 tumor models. Two non-specific microbial immune stimulators,
      Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) and Corynebacterium parvum (CP) were tested by
      both the i.v. and i.p. routes. A combination of BCG therapy with non-encapsulated
      anti-tumor drugs was not effective for either of the tumor models. A combination
      of BCG therapy with liposome therapy appeared to improve the average survival
      time of LLC-bearing mice. In particular, BCG treatment by the i.p. route in
      combination with liposome therapy resulted in a 20% long-term survival rate among
      treated mice. However, BCG therapy by either route in combination with SUV
      encapsulated MTX therapy had no effect on the average survival time of hepatoma
      ascites-bearing mice. Immunostimulation with CP at a given dose appears to be
      superior to BCG therapy for both tumor models. In the treatment of LLC, injection
      of CP by either the i.v. or i.p. route appears to be equally effective in
      combination with liposome therapy. However, for the treatment of hepatoma
      ascites, CP was only effective by the i.p. route, in combination with liposome
      therapy.

PMID- 6389376
TI  - A new model-independent physiological approach to study hepatic drug clearance
      and its applications.
AB  - After entering the liver a drug molecule is removed by two competitive processes:
      (a) blood flow to carry it away intact from liver and (b) elimination by hepatic
      enzyme(s). The relative magnitude of the overall force or efficiency of these two
      processes will statistically decide its probability for elimination, i.e.,
      extraction ratio (E). Blood flow rate is chosen to represent the force due to
      blood flow, and the force due to hepatic elimination can then be simply
      calculated in terms of blood flow per unit time. Under linear conditions any
      changes in either force can be used to predict new E. Binding in blood,
      permeability across hepatocellular membrane and intrinsic enzyme activity will
      affect the hepatic elimination force. The approach employed has virtually made no
      prior assumptions regarding distribution profiles of drug, enzymes, sinusoids and
      intracellular bindings as well as drug permeability. Bioavailability predictions
      upon changes in hepatic flow or protein binding are consistent with most reported
      data. It can explain potential differences in the fate of drug pre-equilibrated
      or not pre-equilibrated with blood before entering the liver and also that of
      metabolite performed or not performed in liver. Importance of erythrocytes as
      potential elimination barriers in hepatic first-pass effect and existence of both
      transverse and longitudinal (not considered in previous hepatic models) drug
      concentration gradients in the liver are emphasized. Applications to studies of
      instantaneous, time-averaged, beta and intrinsic clearances, as well as hepatic
      transit time and nonlinear kinetics are discussed. The present simple dynamic
      approach can also successfully predict the quantitative correlation between renal
      clearance and changes in urine flow and/or pH for many drugs in humans and
      animals. Using steady-state input conditions the present derived equations can be
      obtained thus adding the mathematical validity of the approach.

PMID- 6389377
TI  - Impairment of captopril bioavailability by concomitant food and antacid intake.
AB  - Single oral doses of captopril (50 mg) were given in a randomized cross-over
      study to 10 healthy volunteers after fasting, after a standardized breakfast (440
      kcal; 1804 kJ) or with 50 ml of an antacid suspension. Blood and urine samples
      were analyzed by gas chromatography. The peak captopril concentrations attained
      were 701 +/- 81 ng/ml (mean +/- s.e.m.) after fasting, 351 +/- 56 ng/ml with an
      antacid (p less than 0.05) and 140 +/- 14 ng/ml after a meal (p less than 0.01).
      The peak concentrations were reached in 0.5, 0.9 and 1.5 h (p less than 0.01),
      and the areas under the blood concentration-time curves were 782 +/- 86, 456 +/-
      60 (p less than 0.05) and 344 +/- 47 ng X h/ml (p less than 0.01), respectively.
      The relative bioavailability of captopril was 0.66 and 0.48 with antacid and
      after food, respectively. The deleterious effect of food - but not that of
      antacid - was reflected as a delayed hypotensive activity of captopril.

PMID- 6389378
TI  - A comparative randomized double-blind clinical trial of bumetanide and furosemide
      in congestive cardiac failure and other edema states.
AB  - The efficacy and safety of oral bumetanide, a pharmacologically new diuretic was
      compared with that of furosemide in 30 patients suffering from congestive cardiac
      failure and other edema states. In addition intravenous bumetanide was studied in
      14 patients of congestive cardiac failure and nephrotic syndrome to determine the
      onset, peak and duration of action. In the controlled double-blind oral study
      bumetanide was equipotent with furosemide at one fortieth the molar dosage and
      did not differ from furosemide with regards to its pattern of water and
      electrolyte excretion. On continuous oral administration for seven days it
      produced sustained diuresis with minimal biochemical alterations. No
      hyperglycemia or hematological abnormalities were noted. Intravenous bumetanide
      had onset of action between 10 and 15 minutes with a peak at 50 minutes and a
      total duration of action of about 240 minutes. Bumetanide was well tolerated by
      patients and is on a weight basis the most potent diuretic available today.

PMID- 6389380
TI  - Effects induced by vincamine teprosilate on chronic cerebrovascular disease:
      preliminary results.
AB  - A group of 90 patients suffering from chronic cerebrovascular disease (CCVD) were
      selected on the basis of definite clinical criteria and pretests indicating a
      well-preserved general level of the higher functions. The purpose was to perform
      a clinical and neuropsychological assessment of CCVD sufferers during treatment
      with vincamine teprosilate (Teproside) for 90 days. Each selected patient was
      submitted to neurological examination and neuropsychological testing before
      treatment, after 45 days and at the termination of treatment. Neuropsychological
      examination included the reaction-time task, memory tests, verbal fluency test,
      trail making test, PM 38, MACL and STAI depression scales. Preliminary results
      are discussed and compared with previous data reported in the literature.

PMID- 6389379
TI  - Dezocine for postoperative wound pain.
AB  - We assessed the analgesic effectiveness of a single intramuscular injection of
      dezocine, 10 mg or 15 mg; morphine, 10 mg; or a placebo in 160 patients with
      moderate to severe postoperative pain. Dezocine, 10 mg, was as effective as and
      had approximately the same duration of action as morphine, 10 mg. Dezocine, 15
      mg, was more effective than 10 mg of either dezocine or morphine as assessed by
      three efficacy scales (verbal and analog pain intensity and pain relief), and
      both drugs were significantly (p less than 0.05) more effective than placebo as
      assessed by the three efficacy scales and the overall evaluation of the
      investigator. A small percentage of patients suffered nausea and became sedated;
      the drugs and placebo, however, did not differ statistically with respect to the
      side effects. Blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate generally were
      slightly decreased by both drugs.

PMID- 6389381
TI  - Medical history as justification rather than explanation: a critique of Starr's
      The Social Transformation of American Medicine.
AB  - This paper discusses the major positions presented in Paul Starr's The Social
      Transformation of American Medicine and critically analyzes the major ideological
      and political assumptions that sustain Starr's explanation of the evolution of
      the institutions of medicine in the United States. These assumptions include,
      among others, that the evolution of medicine is an outcome of conflicts among the
      different interest groups that exist within medicine, interacting within the
      parameters defined by the majority of Americans whose beliefs and wants
      eventually determine what occurs in medicine, and the hegemonic positions in the
      ideology, practice, and institutions of medicine are dominant because of their
      powers of persuasion. This paper questions these positions on theoretical and
      empirical grounds and it presents an alternative explanation of the evolution of
      medicine. In this alternate explanation, the evolution of medicine (including its
      recent corporatization) is viewed as the outcome of power relations defined not
      by the majority of Americans but by a series of conflicts between classes, races,
      genders and other power groupings, within a matrix of dominant-dominated
      relations, in which dominance is reproduced by coercion and repression, and not
      merely by persuasion. Specific historical events are analyzed and alternative
      explanations are given to Starr's interpretations.

PMID- 6389382
TI  - Stress at work: a review of Australian research.
AB  - This paper reviews Australian research into occupational stress. The context of
      organizational life in Australia is outlined, including the attitudes and values
      that have conditioned stress research. Empirical studies of occupational stress
      and health are reviewed, and new psychobiological studies which index stress by
      urinary hormonal analysis (catecholamines, cortisol) are detailed. The use of
      stress management programs at the workplace is discussed within the context of
      Australian industrial relations and workers' compensation developments.

PMID- 6389383
TI  - The mechanism of training effects: a hypothesis.

PMID- 6389384
TI  - Mycosis fungoides. Unsolved problems of diagnosis and choice of therapy.

PMID- 6389385
TI  - Alclometasone dipropionate cream 0.05% versus clobetasone butyrate cream 0.05%. A
      controlled clinical comparison in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children.
AB  - A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study was conducted comparing the
      efficacy and safety of alclometasone dipropionate cream 0.05% and clobetasone
      butyrate cream 0.05% in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in 43 children. The
      medications were applied to study areas as a thin layer of cream twice daily for
      2 weeks. Efficacy was assessed by evaluation of three disease signs (erythema,
      induration, and pruritus) and by mean of a physician's global evaluation
      following treatment. Safety was evaluated through patient-reported and clinically
      observed adverse experiences. Both treatments were effective. At the end of the
      trial, average reduction in disease signs was 85% for alclometasone dipropionate
      treated patients and 86% in the clobetasone butyrate-treated group. In the global
      evaluation, the physician rated symptoms as cleared in 9 of 22 alclometasone
      dipropionate-treated patients and in 10 of 21 clobetasone butyrate-treated
      patients.

PMID- 6389386
TI  - Immunohistochemical demonstration of tumor antigen TA-4 in gynecologic tumors.
AB  - Tumor antigen TA-4, raised against human cervical squamous cell carcinoma, was
      studied by an immunoperoxidase method in various gynecologic tumors. TA-4 was
      detected invariably in normal differentiated cervical squamous cells. It was also
      found infrequently in normal glandular cells of the cervix, but not in the
      endometrium. In squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix, TA-4 was positive in the
      differentiated cells regardless of invasiveness or histological type. It was
      demonstrated in some adenocarcinomas of the cervix, and less frequently in those
      of the endometrium. In ovarian tumors, TA-4 was localized occasionally in a
      variable number of glandular tumor cells of serous, mucinous, endometrioid, and
      clear cell carcinomas. Only a few transitional cells contained TA-4 in a Brenner
      tumor. Squamous components of ovarian tumors, both benign and malignant, were
      frequently positive for TA-4.

PMID- 6389387
TI  - Reuben's mandrakes: infertility in the Bible.

PMID- 6389388
TI  - Chromatin associated protease from calf thymus.
AB  - We have identified and purified a chromatin bound protease from calf thymus. The
      purified enzyme cleaves histone H1 when whole histone is used as substrate. The
      enzyme is inhibited by Soya bean trypsin inhibitor, but not by PMSF, EDTA,
      pepstatin or Ellman's reagent. Further studies have shown that H1(0) and histone
      H5 are also cleaved by this enzyme, and that when HMG 1 and 2 are used as
      substrate HMG1 alone is degraded to give specific degradation products. We have
      also shown that the enzyme co-isolates with whole histone prepared by acid
      extraction of calf thymus nuclei, but interestingly it is not present in whole
      histone samples prepared in the same manner from pig thymus. A second chromatin
      bound protease which specifically cleaves histone H3 when whole histone is used
      as substrate has also been identified during the course of this work.

PMID- 6389389
TI  - Percutaneous renal biopsy in children under guidance of ultrasonic real time
      technique.
AB  - Percutaneous renal biopsy was performed under guidance of ultrasonic real time
      technique in 31 children, 3 to 17 years old. Ten of them had impaired renal
      function (GFR less than 80 ml/min X 1.73 m2). Three consecutive ultrasound
      examinations were performed during the first 24 hours after biopsy in 23
      patients, who underwent renal biopsy after August 1980. Adequate renal tissue was
      obtained in 30 patients (97%) at first biopsy. An average of 26 to 27 glomeruli
      were obtained. 12.5% of the patients had gross hematuria and 12.5% had a small
      hematoma. None of them required blood transfusion or surgical intervention.

PMID- 6389390
TI  - The rehabilitation of chronic respiratory disease.

PMID- 6389391
TI  - Current concepts in adult aphasia.
AB  - This paper provides a review of recent research from the areas of speech and
      language pathology, cognitive psychology, psycholinguistics, neurology, and
      rehabilitation medicine which is used to refine and extend current definitions of
      aphasia. Evidence is presented from these diverse disciplines, which supports a
      multimodality, performance-based, verbal and non-verbal, cortical and
      subcortical, and cognitively multidimensional view of aphasia. A summary of
      current practice in the assessment and treatment of adult aphasia is summarized.

PMID- 6389392
TI  - Current issues in the treatment of stammering.
AB  - During the past 20 years there have been an increasing number of different forms
      of therapy available to the clinician to use with patients who stammer. There has
      been considerable controversy about the best ways of treating patients who
      stammer. At times this has made it difficult for the clinician to choose the most
      appropriate form for an individual patient. This paper aims to describe some of
      the current issues involved in the treatment of stammering.

PMID- 6389393
TI  - Experimental background for the use of tympanostomy tubes.
AB  - Already within 24 h, splitting of the soft palate in rats caused production of
      effusion in the attic space. During the next couple of days the effusion material
      filled the meso- and hypotympanon. The production of a serous fluid in the attic
      space appeared concomitant with an elevated histamine content in the middle ear
      cavity, irrespective of whether the ears were ventilated or not. In the
      artificially ventilated middle ears no effusion appeared in the meso- and
      hypotympanon and the hypotympanal mucosal lining remained normal. The serous
      effusion filling the middle ear cavities with the intact tympanic membranes was
      replaced at about 7 days by a purulent effusion material containing mainly Gram
      negative enteric rods. Thus it seems that a serous otitis media and a purulent
      otitis media occur in a continuum. The change to a purulent infection could be
      prevented by artificial ventilation, but as soon as the myringotomies were healed
      or the tympanostomy tubes got clogged a flocculent, pus-like effusion also
      appeared in these middle ear cavities.

PMID- 6389394
TI  - Antimicrobial therapy of chronic otitis media with effusion.
AB  - Otitis media with effusion is the most common cause of hearing loss in children.
      Prior studies have indicated that viable bacteria may be present in this process.
      A controlled clinical trial was therefore undertaken to assess the efficacy of
      antimicrobial agents in the treatment of this disease entity over a four week
      period. It appears that the use of antibiotics significantly improves the outcome
      in patients treated for four weeks when compared with patients observed over the
      same time period.

PMID- 6389395
TI  - Historical notes and actual observations on the nasal septal abscess especially
      in children.
AB  - The recognition of the nasal septal abscess is traced back to 1810 when Cloquet
      healed an abscess by drainage. This therapy does not prevent the saddle nose
      deformity and its functional problems in many cases. Since 1963 the immediate
      reconstruction of the destroyed septum in the acute phase of the septal abscess
      by means of homologous cartilage has proved to prevent long-term effects of the
      abscess especially in the growing nose. This is underlined by some of our own
      long-term results and histological findings. Finally, some new pathogenetic
      aspects are discussed based on histological and enzymatic findings of the human
      septal cartilage.

PMID- 6389396
TI  - Education for a profession: some lessons from history (Florence Nightingale).

PMID- 6389397
TI  - From apprenticeship to study--the development of nursing education in Norway.

PMID- 6389398
TI  - Nursing education: the move from hospital schools of nursing--an historical
      perspective.

PMID- 6389399
TI  - Nursing education in New Zealand: a developmental perspective.

PMID- 6389400
TI  - Nursing education in Turkey: past and present.

PMID- 6389401
TI  - Parasitic zoonoses in the Caribbean region--a review.

PMID- 6389402
TI  - Public health importance of market meat exposed to refuse flies and air-borne
      microorganisms.
AB  - Abbatoir meats sold in the open at the Ibadan market stalls were swabbed to
      investigate the presence of any microorganism. Flies were caught on carcases
      being transported from the abbatoir in open vehicles to meat stalls and also at
      meat stalls and nearby refuse using fly catching nets. Major flies caught were
      Musca domestica; Culicoides species, Chrysomia and Fannia cannicularis.
      Stophylococcus aureus, Salmonella and Escherichia coli were the bacteria isolated
      from.

PMID- 6389403
TI  - The prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites and bacteria in the game scouts at
      the Kainji Lake National Park of Nigeria.
AB  - The faeces of twenty scouts working at Borgu games were examined for the presence
      of parasites and bacteria. Cysts of Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia and
      Trichomonas hominis were found. Helminth ova encountered included those of
      Ancylostoma duodenale, Ascaris lumbricoides, Stronglyloides stercoralis and
      Trichuris trichiura. Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri were isolated from
      one faecal sample each. In all, parasites were found in the faeces of only 9
      scouts. The epidemiological significance of the infections in highlighted.

PMID- 6389404
TI  - Observations on some epidemiological aspects of toxoplasmosis in Malaysia.
AB  - A review of the various studies on toxoplasmosis in peninsular Malaysia is
      presented. The period of review spanned between 1973 and 1980 during which a
      number of serological surveys were carried out for the presence of Toxoplasma
      gondii antibody in Malaysians, using either the indirect hemagglutination
      (I.H.A.) or the indirect fluorescent antibody (I.F.A.) tests. The prevalence
      rates of Toxoplasma antibody were consistently foundhighest among Malays,
      followed by Indians, Orang Aslis (Aborigines) and lowest among Malays, followed
      by Indians, Orang Aslia (Aborigines) and lowest among Chinese, the 4 major ethnic
      groups living in Malaysia. Positive titres, present in all age groups, showed an
      increase with age but no difference due to sex. However, higher prevalence of
      positive cases was recorded among rural dwellers and the lower socioeconomic
      group than from urban dwellers. The possible routes of infection among the ethnic
      groups were discussed. Among animal populations, the presence of Toxoplasma
      antibody was detected in buffaloes, swine, goats, cattle, cats and dogs. The
      epidemiological importance of the findings are discussed and suggestions made for
      future studies.

PMID- 6389405
TI  - Epidemiologic aspects of salmonellosis in reptiles, amphibians, mollusks and
      crustaceans--a review.
AB  - Salmonellae have been found associated with all of the poikilothermic vertebrate
      species studied, as well as the mollusks and crustaceans. Some of these animals
      have been incriminated in the transmission of salmonellosis to other higher
      vertebrates or to man, but in many cases they remain as only potential sources of
      the disease because of inadequate epidemiologic study. It would appear that they
      are important unrecognized reservoirs of the Salmonella organism in nature. With
      the increasing worldwise emphasis on aquaculture as a source of food, the role
      these animals play in the maintenance or transmission of salmonellosis in the
      aquatic environment needs further study. The epidemiologic investigation of
      sporadic outbreaks of salmonellosis might well take into consideration some of
      the common household and backyard pests--flies, ants, cockroaches, lizards
      (geckos), toads, and snails.

PMID- 6389406
TI  - A nursery outbreak of multiple-aminoglycoside-resistant Escherichia coli.
AB  - In the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of one hospital, 16 infants became
      colonized or infected with multiply-resistant Escherichia coli (MR-E.coli) over
      an 8-month period. Isolates were obtained from blood, urine, and sputum of three
      patients and from rectal surveillance cultures of 13 patients. The one patient
      with the blood isolate died. A matched case-control study identified continuous
      feeding (nine of 16 cases vs. one of 16 controls, p less than or equal to 0.001)
      and receipt of aminoglycosides (p less than or equal to 0.03) as risk factors.
      For case-babies not exposed to continuous feeding, duration of bolus feeding was
      significantly greater than for their controls (cases, 22 days; controls, 7 days;
      p less than or equal to 0.02). All 16 isolates were the same serotype and were
      resistant to amikacin, tobramycin, kanamycin, and gentamicin. The epidemiologic
      investigation suggested that MR-E. coli may have spread from person-to-person on
      the hands of personnel and that MR-E. coli persisted in the NICU for 8 months
      until effective control measures were instituted.

PMID- 6389407
TI  - Aeromonas.

PMID- 6389408
TI  - The use of ultrasound in the evaluation of diabetic vitreoretinopathy.
AB  - A basic examination of the globe is performed with A-scan ultrasonography, and
      careful attention is given to the extent of vitreous opacities and areas of high
      reflectivity. B-scan ultrasonography then is used to delineate the topography of
      the disorder. A change in the patient's position while scanning may allow liquid
      blood to flow across the retina so that it can be displayed. Other kinetic clues
      are used to differentiate opacities in the vitreous from liquid blood on the
      retina, fibrovascular membranes, and retina itself. Finally, A-scan quantitation
      is used again to differentiate fibrovascular membranes from retinal detachment
      and the posterior surface of the posterior vitreous detachment. A careful sketch
      of the pathological condition is made for use in monitoring the patient or at
      vitrectomy.

PMID- 6389409
TI  - The diabetic retinopathy study and the early treatment diabetic retinopathy
      study.
AB  - The DRS showed that the benefit of panretinal photocoagulation outweighed the
      risks of therapy in eyes with high-risk characteristics. The ETDRS will
      demonstrate if photocoagulation earlier in the course of diabetic retinopathy is
      safe and efficacious. Criteria will be developed for determining which eyes with
      macular edema are responsive to photocoagulation. The data collected on the
      different laser treatments should establish which techniques are most effective
      and least harmful. Systemic aspirin therapy to retard or reverse retinopathy will
      be investigated in a controlled manner.

PMID- 6389410
TI  - The diabetic vitreous.

PMID- 6389411
TI  - Electron microscopic study of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish
      peroxidase.

PMID- 6389412
TI  - Effect of microtubule inhibitors on invasion and on related activities of tumor
      cells.

PMID- 6389413
TI  - Membranes in the mitotic apparatus: their structure and function.

PMID- 6389414
TI  - Surface topography of suspended tissue cells.

PMID- 6389415
TI  - Gastrointestinal stem cells and their role in carcinogenesis.

PMID- 6389416
TI  - DNA sequence amplification in mammalian cells.

PMID- 6389417
TI  - Computer applications in cell and neurobiology: a review.

PMID- 6389418
TI  - Pathways of endocytosis in thyroid follicle cells.

PMID- 6389419
TI  - [Diabetic neuropathy of the autonomic nervous system from the viewpoint of
      internal medicine].

PMID- 6389420
TI  - [Endocrine and metabolic polyneuropathies].

PMID- 6389421
TI  - [Toxic polyneuropathies].

PMID- 6389422
TI  - [Hereditary polyneuropathies].

PMID- 6389423
TI  - John L. Naughton, inventor of the Den-Tal-Ez chair. An Iowa original.

PMID- 6389425
TI  - Biographical sketches--45. Koller.

PMID- 6389424
TI  - Portraits of viruses: arenaviruses.

PMID- 6389426
TI  - What determines sex? A study of converging approaches, 1880-1916.

PMID- 6389427
TI  - Careers and creativity in nineteenth-century physiology: Zloczower redux.

PMID- 6389428
TI  - Christian Thomasius and the origin of psychological rating scales.

PMID- 6389429
TI  - "The strategy of life: teleology and mechanics in nineteenth-century German
      biology." By Timothy Lenoir. Essay review.

PMID- 6389430
TI  - "The Social Transformation  of American Medicine." By Paul Starr. Essay review.

PMID- 6389431
TI  - Cluster headache: remission following ascending aorta/innominate artery bypass
      surgery. Case report.
AB  - A 51-year-old man with cluster headache has been free from cluster attacks for
      over two years following ascending aorta/innominate artery bypass surgery for
      correction of an atherosclerotic narrowing at the origin of the innominate
      artery. Surgery may have been a causal factor in the remission of these attacks.

PMID- 6389432
TI  - The Fiji School of Medicine--a brief history.

PMID- 6389433
TI  - Leprosy in Hawaii, 1889-1976.

PMID- 6389434
TI  - Hospital boards and adaptability to competitive environments.
AB  - The characteristics of a hospital's board vis-a-vis its environment is a critical
      strategic factor in determining success. Those institutions that are successful
      in competitive versus noncompetitive environments will have boards that exhibit
      certain readily definable--and different--characteristics.

PMID- 6389435
TI  - The impact of national health insurance on the public hospital.

PMID- 6389436
TI  - Books for health care managers.
AB  - The selection of books reviewed here is a potpourri with something to interest
      almost everyone in the health care professions. The books cover computing in
      health care, an historical analysis of health care statistics, industrial
      ownership of hospitals, the formation of state health policies, hospice care and
      nursing homes; and there is a text on management and one on obstetrics/gynecology
      and the law.

PMID- 6389437
TI  - [Gardnerella vaginalis infection--another sexually transmitted disease].
AB  - The Gardnerella vaginalis infection of the urogenital tract, an STD, is of
      clinical importance in females and of epidemiological importance in males.
      Females suffer from vulvovaginitis amine colpitis, with a bad-smelling grey
      vaginal discharge with a pH of 5.0-5.5, which contains "clue cells". The urethra
      of males is often asymptomatically infected. The identification of G. vaginalis
      is time-consuming and requires a lot of material. Isolation and identification of
      G. vaginalis can not yet be made in the routine examination of outpatients
      suffering from urogenital tract infections. If the diagnosis is based on signs
      such as bad-smelling grey discharge containing "clue cells", and the increase in
      pH about 20% false-positive and 20% false-negative results will be obtained. If
      G. vaginalis is isolated, simultaneous infections with further agents such as
      Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae etc., Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida
      species and HSV 2 should be excluded. Metronidazole (1 g/day for 5 days) is the
      drug of first choice in G. vaginalis infection.

PMID- 6389438
TI  - [Histiocytosis X. An oligosymptomatic form of Hand-Schuller-Christian disease
      with a new form and possibilities of diagnosis].
AB  - A patient is reported who had a monosymptomatic, cutaneous form of histiocytosis
      X. The reactivity of cutaneous histiocytosis-X cells with monoclonal anti-T-6
      antibody is discussed as a new diagnostic procedure.

PMID- 6389439
TI  - [Localized bullous pemphigoid].
AB  - A 73-year-old women developed tight blisters exclusively on the legs. The
      histological and immunological examinations substantiated the diagnosis of
      localized pemphigoid. The disease had a chronic course and responded well to
      treatment with prednisolone.

PMID- 6389440
TI  - Rabbit thyroids for environmental monitoring.

PMID- 6389441
TI  - [Possibilities and indications of ultrasound-guided transcutaneous interventions
      on the kidney].

PMID- 6389442
TI  - [Partial pelvic ischemia as an aid in radical prostatovesiculectomy].

PMID- 6389443
TI  - [Transvesicle-transperitoneal single-layer closing plasty of vesicovaginal
      fistulas].

PMID- 6389444
TI  - On the causes of fevers (1839) by William Budd.

PMID- 6389446
TI  - The ubiquitous localization of type I hexokinase in rat peripheral nerves, smooth
      muscle cells and epithelial cells.
AB  - An indirect immunoperoxidase technique has been used to determine the
      localization of type I hexokinase in a wide variety of Carnoy-fixed, paraffin
      embedded rat tissues. The results suggest that the widespread tissue distribution
      of the isoenzyme is due to its ubiquitous localization in the nervous, smooth
      muscle and epithelial components of each tissue. The majority of the
      immunostaining was confined to cells with substantial energy requirements which
      are probably mainly satisfied through the breakdown of glucose. This observation
      is consistent with the known predominance of type I hexokinase in the central
      nervous system and with the regulatory role allotted to it in this tissue.

PMID- 6389447
TI  - Evaluation of nine different fixatives. 2. Preservation of IgG, IgA and secretory
      component in an artificial immunohistochemical test substrate.
AB  - An artificial substrate was developed for quantitative testing of the ability of
      various fixatives to preserve the reactivity of IgG and IgA isotypes (gamma and
      alpha chains) and the secretory component (SC) of secretory IgA as model
      antigens. Polymerized normal rabbit serum was used as matrix and defined amounts
      (10-0.1 g/l) of antigen were incorporated into it by diffusion before fixation
      and paraffin embedding. The various fixatives comprised alcohol, routine
      formalin, glutaraldehyde(1%)-formalin, Baker's formol calcium, formol sublimate,
      acetic acid(2%)-formol saline, Bouin's fluid, Susa fixative, and carbodiimide.
      The detection sensitivity afforded by these fixatives was defined as the
      immunofluorescence staining end point. Compared to the reference value obtained
      with alcohol (gamma and alpha chains, 0.06 g/l of IgG and IgA; SC, 0.12 g/l of
      colostral IgA), an antigen concentration at least 8 times higher was necessary
      for detection with most of the cross-linking fixatives. Bouin's and Susa
      fixatives were peculiar in that they required more than 150 times higher antigen
      concentration for detection of IgG but only 3-8 times higher for IgA. The
      determined sensitivities were compared with the immunofluorescence performance
      results obtained on human tissues prepared with the same fixatives; excepting
      carbodiimide (which produced unacceptable autofluorescence of the substrate
      matrix) a remarkably good correlation was found with regard to IgG- and IgA
      producing cells (especially of the former isotype) and secretory epithelium (IgA
      and SC). However, the latter result depended on pronase treatment of the tissue
      sections to unmask epithelial antigens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6389445
TI  - Cytochemistry of lymphoid cells: a review of findings in the normal and leukaemic
      state.

PMID- 6389448
TI  - Fibronectin in basement membrane of Hertwig's epithelial sheath. Light and
      electron immunohistochemical localization.
AB  - The distribution of fibronectin throughout the basement membrane of Hertwig's
      epithelial sheath was studied using specific antibodies with the immunoperoxidase
      technique in both light and electron microscopy. Our results demonstrate that,
      after collagenase digestion in situ, the basement membrane was strongly labelled
      by antifibronectin antibodies on the lamina lucida, the lamina densa and the
      lamina (pars) fibroreticularis which contained aperiodic fibrils of 5-10 nm in
      diameter.

PMID- 6389449
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of syphilitic changes of the skin and mucous membrane in
      the head and neck].
AB  - Since the mid seventies the German Federal Board of Statistics has recorded a
      decrease in the incidence of the classical venereal diseases gonorrhoea and
      syphilis. This decrease is based only on a decline in the morbidity of
      gonorrhoea. Statistics on syphilis show an increase, from about 6000 to 8900 new
      cases each year, that is an increase of 48% between 1974 and 1978. Some cities
      such as Cologne, with a total of 401 new cases each year, show an increase, while
      numbers in rural regions remain unchanged or show a slight decline. Between 1978
      and 1980 at the ENT and Dermatologic OPC of Cologne University many ulcers of
      uncertain aetiology in the head and neck region have been diagnosed as primary or
      secondary syphilis or as unusual presentations of this disease. In our Department
      a primary lesion of the head and neck was the presenting symptom in about 6% of
      all newly diagnosed cases. The differential diagnosis of early syphilitis lesions
      in the head and neck, the present position of serological diagnosis, and the
      current treatment of syphilis are illustrated by selected typical lesions.

PMID- 6389450
TI  - Event related brain potentials and human pain: a first objective overview.
AB  - Since 1960 systematic studies of the human scalp-conducted cerebral slow-wave
      response to painful stimulation have shown only amplitude augmentation of the
      vertex components of the somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) to be indicators of
      subjective perception of a noxious or aversive quality in the stimulus. The
      vertex potential (VP) of the SEP occurs relatively late after onset of either
      transient or maintained stimuli (100-400 ms depending on stimulus mode and site),
      is amplitude-focal at vertex on scalp, and may be asymmetrically distributed
      hemispherically for unilateral stimulation of the hands. Its functional
      neuroanatomy seems undeterminable by scalp macroelectrodes, and its relationship
      to analogous vertex potentials in the auditory and visual modalities (AEP and
      VEP) unknown. Studies of the nociceptive SEP (SEPn) since 1977 concur that VP
      amplitude is more readily correlatable with subjective pain magnitude estimate
      than with objective stimulus parameters. They also suggest that the VP is
      amplitude-sensitive to (a) interstimulus-intervals less than about 350 ms; (b)
      analgesics and their antagonists; and (c) subjective cognitive status with regard
      to both the expected aversiveness of the stimulus and the previous experience of
      chronic pain. These studies have included electrical stimulation of toothpulp and
      teeth, mechanical and transcutaneous electrical stimulation of palmar and digital
      glabrous skin, noxious thermal stimulation of hands and forearms, and electrical
      stimulation of lips, fingers, toes, and anogenital perineum of both sexes. They
      have been done in the context of both classical and signal-detectability (TSD)
      methods for concurrent reports of painful versus painless, and in the
      methodological contexts of conventionally signal-averaged SEP and of single-epoch
      SEP recovered both raw and processed. Studies designed to analyze differences in
      the early-intermediate (25-95 ms) and late (500-1000 ms) time-segments of SEP for
      painful and painless stimulation have provided no convincing evidence of cortical
      nociceptive signals. Therefore existing data on the SEPn imply that the only
      cortical slow-wave sign of nociception reflects perceptual-cognitive and
      endogenous, rather than sensory-discriminative and exogenous, aspects of the
      conscious pain experience.

PMID- 6389451
TI  - How does positive end-expiratory pressure reduce intrapulmonary shunt in canine
      pulmonary edema?
AB  - We ventilated separately the right and left lungs of seven dogs having
      thoracotomies and catheters in both lower lobe veins. Two hours after right
      atrial injection of oleic acid, shunt (Qs/QT) in each lower lobe increased from
      0.10 to 0.47. Ten minutes after positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was
      increased from 3 to 13 cmH2O in one lung, mean lobar Qs/QT decreased to 0.06 with
      no change in its fraction of pulmonary blood flow measured by microsphere
      techniques. At the same time mean Qs/QT in the other lower lobe was 0.48. At end
      expiration each lower lobe hilum was then clamped, and the excised lobe was
      quickly frozen over liquid N2. There was no difference in the extravascular lung
      liquid per gram blood-free dry lobe between the lower lobes (7.5 +/- 2.6 ml/g),
      but perivascular cuff liquid was greater in the lower lobe with PEEP (3.8 +/- 2.8
      ml/g) than in the lower lobes without PEEP (2.4 +/- 1.7 ml/g). Light microscopy
      revealed that 77.8 +/- 9.0% of the alveoli were flooded in the lobe without PEEP,
      but only 22.2 +/- 11.8% were flooded in the lobe with PEEP. The mean linear
      intercepts of the flooded alveoli were not different between lower lobes, and
      both were reduced to about 50% of the size of adjacent unflooded units in the
      same lobe. Alveolar septum thickness was greater without PEEP. We conclude that
      PEEP reduces Qs/QT by inflating previously flooded and collapsed air spaces and
      by redistributing the excess alveolar water into the compliant perivascular
      space, thus eliminating the obstacle to pulmonary O2 transfer.

PMID- 6389452
TI  - Contractile activity increases glucose uptake by muscle in severely diabetic
      rats.
AB  - Muscle contractile activity is associated with an acceleration of glucose
      transport into muscle. It has been reported that the acceleration of glucose
      uptake by contractile activity in perfused rat muscles requires the presence of
      insulin in the perfusate. This claim was investigated using the perfused rat
      hindlimb preparation in the present study. Rats were made diabetic by injection
      of 125 mg/kg of streptozotocin and either studied 72 h later or maintained on
      insulin for 2 wk and then studied 3 days after cessation of insulin therapy. Only
      rats with plasma insulin levels too low to measure were used. The hindlimbs were
      washed out with 630 ml of medium over 75 min using a single flow-through washout
      before muscle stimulation. Despite the absence of insulin in the perfusion
      medium, stimulation of muscle contraction resulted in large increases in glucose
      uptake in both the diabetic and control rats. These findings do not support the
      claim that the stimulatory effect of muscle contraction on glucose uptake by
      perfused rat muscles requires the presence of insulin.

PMID- 6389453
TI  - Effects of cell size and exercise on glucose uptake and metabolism in adipocytes
      of female rats.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to attain a better understanding of how the
      adipocyte transports and metabolizes glucose with and without the influence of
      exercise training. Rates of 2-deoxyglucose and glucose oxidation, using [1-14C]
      and [6-14C]glucose, were measured in adipocytes from exercise-trained and
      sedentary control female rats of the same age. The trained animals were exercised
      by swimming, 6 h/day, 5 days/wk for 10 wk. The fat cells of the sedentary rats
      were significantly larger (P less than 0.005) than the trained animals and had
      very low rates of glucose uptake and [1-14C]- and [6-14C]glucose oxidation. The
      adipocytes of the trained rats were very responsive to insulin with 2
      deoxyglucose rates seven times higher than those of the control animals and [1
      14C]- and [6-14C]-glucose oxidation rates 14- and 13-fold (respectively) larger
      than control values. Comparisons of the data from exercised animals to younger
      sedentary rats indicates that glucose oxidation remains normal in the adipocytes
      of the trained animals whereas glucose transport is greatly improved. If the
      older sedentary controls are compared to younger animals, it can be seen that as
      the cell enlarges it loses its ability to take up or metabolize glucose. The
      combination of a loss in glucose transporting capacity with cellular enlargement
      and an increase in glucose uptake with exercise training suggests that movement
      of glucose across the cell membrane may be a limiting factor in glucose
      utilization in fat cells.

PMID- 6389454
TI  - Response of nasal blood flow to neurohormones as measured by laser-Doppler
      velocimetry.
AB  - Laser-Doppler velocimetry (LDV) has been adapted to measure nasal blood flow
      (NBF) in the mucosa of human volunteers. Resting NBF was 42.4 +/- 2.1 ml X 100 g
      1 X min-1 in 19 nonatopic subjects and 37.9 +/- 1.7 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1 in 24
      atopic subjects. Topical saline, but not water, reduced ipsilateral NBF by 15.4
      +/- 6.6% (n = 22) without affecting contralateral NBF. Administration of 60
      microgram of oxymetazoline reduced NBF by 26.5% (n = 28), whereas 120 microgram
      resulted in a 54.3% reduction. Phenylephrine produced a dose-related reduction in
      NBF with an ID50 (dose producing 50% reduction) of 1,456 microgram. Methacholine
      (0.006 to 12 mg) had no significant effect on NBF when studied alone or after
      oxymetazoline pretreatment. Therefore, LDV can be employed to monitor NBF, which
      has been found to be sensitive to alpha-adrenergic, but not cholinergic,
      stimulation.

PMID- 6389455
TI  - Effects of surfactant supplement and end-expiratory pressure in lung-lavaged
      rabbits.
AB  - By using adult rabbits in which the lung surfactant had been reduced by repeated
      whole-lung lavage, we examined the effects of surfactant supplement and positive
      end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). The rabbits were anesthetized with pentobarbital
      sodium and mechanically ventilated with pure O2. Surfactant that was extracted
      from pigs' lungs was supplemented to the rabbits through the trachea. The PEEP
      was set at 4 cmH2O. The seven rabbits that were ventilated without the supplement
      and without the PEEP all died of hypoxia, hypercapnia, and reduction of lung
      compliance within 2 h. The 18 rabbits that were ventilated with either the
      supplement or the PEEP showed some elevations of arterial O2 tension, but 9 of
      them died within 4 h. After application of both the surfactant supplement and the
      PEEP, six out of the eight rabbits survived for more than 11 h with nearly normal
      values of blood gases and compliance. We concluded that the combination of the
      transtracheal surfactant supplement and ventilation with PEEP has favorable
      therapeutic effects on surfactant deficiency.

PMID- 6389456
TI  - A comparison of immersion and contact techniques for axial length measurement.
AB  - A prospective study was conducted on 180 eyes to evaluate axial length
      measurements obtained with both contact and immersion techniques. Each eye was
      measured with the Ocuscan-DBR (contact), the Ocuscan-400 (immersion), and the
      Kretz 7200 MA (immersion) units. Axial length measurements obtained by the two
      methods were highly reproducible. Axial length measurements obtained with the
      contact technique were shorter than measurements obtained with the immersion
      technique by an average of 0.24 mm.

PMID- 6389457
TI  - Suture fixation technique for subluxated posterior chamber IOL through stab wound
      incision.
AB  - A technique for repositioning and suture fixation of a subluxated posterior
      chamber lens via a transiridectomy stab wound is described.

PMID- 6389458
TI  - Continuing education for health care professionals: a state of the art review.
AB  - This article presents an analysis of the literature on three major components
      affecting continuing education for health care professionals: the goals of
      continuing education, the design of programs, and the outcomes of efforts.
      Variations in emphasis on the goals from individuals representing differing role
      perspectives were evident. Frequently cited goals did not always correspond to
      the reasons professionals attend continuing education. Although a fairly clear
      description of desirable features of design was provided, evidence indicating
      that these features were capable of leading to the desired results of continuing
      education was lacking. Most studies supported the contention that gains in
      knowledge, skills, or attitudes occur as a result of continuing education.
      Although several studies demonstrated changes in performance as outcomes of
      continuing education, most used self-reports and failed to use comparison groups.
      Based on the analysis of the literature, specific recommendations are provided.

PMID- 6389459
TI  - Anticapsin, an active-site directed irreversible inhibitor of glucosamine-6
      phosphate synthetase from Escherichia coli.
AB  - Glucosamine-6-phosphate synthetase from Escherichia coli K-12 is progressively
      inactivated L-beta-(2,3-epoxycyclohexyl-4-on)alanine (anticapsin). With
      increasing concentrations of anticapsin the reaction exhibits rate saturation:
      the minimum inactivation half-time is 1.15 minutes, with a Kin alpha ct of 2.5
      microM. Glutamine and competitive inhibitors protect against inactivation.
      Fructose-6-phosphate promotes the inactivation rate. It is concluded that
      anticapsin is an active-site directed glutamine analog in the reaction catalyzed
      by glucosamine-6-phosphate synthetase.

PMID- 6389460
TI  - In vitro and in vivo anti-Candida activity and toxicology of LY121019.
AB  - LY121019 (N-p-octyloxybenzoylechinocandin B nucleus) is a semisynthetic
      antifungal antibiotic that possesses potent anti-Candida activity. The MIC50 and
      the MIC90 for both LY121019 and amphotericin B were 0.625 and 1.25 micrograms/ml,
      respectively. Only an 8-fold increase in the MIC against C. albicans occurred
      during 34-day exposure to subinhibitory concentrations indicating that LY121019
      has a low potential for causing resistance development. Scanning electron
      microscopic studies revealed that LY121019 caused severe damage to the C.
      albicans cell. The ED50's for LY121019 and amphotericin B administered
      parenterally to mice were 7.4 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively. Parenterally
      administered LY121019 at doses of 6.25 mg/kg significantly reduced the recovery
      of C. albicans from infected mouse kidneys. Orally administered 50 and 100 mg/kg
      doses of LY121019 were effective in eliminating C. albicans from the
      gastrointestinal tract of infected mice. Topical application of 5% LY121019 was
      as effective as 3% nystatin in the treatment of superficial C. albicans
      infections. Local administration of LY121019, nystatin, or miconazole was
      effective against rat vaginal candidiasis. LY121019 was administered
      intravenously to dogs at doses up to 100 mg/kg/day, 5 days a week for 3 months;
      all dogs survived. Compound related effects included a histamine-like reaction,
      increased serum alkaline phosphatase and SGPT, fatty vacuolization of the liver,
      and some tissue damage at the injection site. The no effect dose in dog was 10
      mg/kg. LY121019 had no more than 1/20 the toxicity of amphotericin B in the dog.

PMID- 6389461
TI  - Mycobacteria in water.

PMID- 6389462
TI  - Isolation, screening and characterization of thermophilic Bacillus species
      isolated from dairy products.
AB  - Proteolytic thermophilic bacterial cultures (171 strains) were isolated from
      different milk and milk products. After screening these isolates for protease
      production in a liquid medium, fifty that exhibited enzyme activity in excess of
      100 units/ml were selected and identified. Twenty-nine were Bacillus
      stearothermophilus (constituting 58% of the total), twelve were B. coagulans,
      five were B. circulans and four were B. licheniformis. Skim milk powder
      contributed the maximum number of B. stearothermophilus (64.7%) followed by raw
      milk (63.2%) and pasteurized milk (44.4%). When the culture supernatant liquids
      from the selected isolates were given heat treatment, five cultures retained 100%
      protease activity at 65 degrees C for 30 min. Protease of B. stearothermophilus
      RM-67 had the maximum heat resistance because it retained 87.5% of its activity
      at 70 degrees C for 30 min.

PMID- 6389463
TI  - Human and bovine group B streptococci: two distinct populations.
AB  - Group B streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae) from humans and animals were
      compared for cultural, biochemical, serological and bacteriocin sensitivity
      properties. Each isolate possessed the group B carbohydrate antigen, hydrolysed
      hippurate, and was CAMP test positive. Most human isolates were characterized as
      bacitracin resistant, pigment producing, haemolytic, and salicin but not lactose
      utilizing. In contrast bovine isolates were usually bacitracin sensitive, non
      pigment producing, non-haemolytic, salicin and lactose utilizing. Isolates from
      other animals behaved similarly to those from humans. Whereas human isolates
      belonged to a variety of serotypes and were uniformly sensitive to bacteriocins,
      bovine isolates showed varying sensitivity to bacteriocins and most belonged to
      serotype II or were non-typable. We believe these results support the belief that
      Strep. agalactiae from humans and cattle are separate populations sharing the
      same group B carbohydrate antigen.

PMID- 6389464
TI  - A general-purpose system for characterizing medically important bacteria to genus
      level.
AB  - A computer program and accompanying data matrix have been prepared for bacteria
      of medical interest, to assist the assignment of an unidentified bacterium to the
      most likely genus. The results on a set of relatively simple tests are entered.
      The program prints the more likely genera, followed by a list of diagnostic
      tables in Cowan & Steel (1974) and Buchanan & Gibbons (1974). Where available,
      identification matrices for further computer-assisted study, are presented. This
      program may be of particular help in laboratories where a wide range of bacteria
      have to be identified.

PMID- 6389465
TI  - Conductance measurements of the lag phase of injured Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - The duration of the lag phase of Salmonella typhimurium injured by heating,
      freezing, acidification or drying was measured using the 'Malthus' conductance
      meter. Results confirmed those previously obtained by viable counting and
      additionally, revealed the very wide variation in lag between and within
      populations and the extreme length of lag that can occur in some severely injured
      cells. In an extreme example, the measured lag times of low numbers of bacteria
      taken from the same heat-injured population ranged from 16 h to 70 h. The
      implications for the detection of injured micro-organisms in food are discussed.

PMID- 6389466
TI  - The effect of udder infection on the bacterial flora of the bulk milk of ten
      dairy herds.
AB  - The significance of udder infection as a factor increasing the bacterial count of
      herd bulk milk was measured monthly for one year in ten dairy herds in Southern
      England. Staphylococcus aureus or mastitis streptococci were detected in 86% of
      samples, usually in numbers between 1000 and 10 000 c.f.u./ml of milk. However,
      in 8 and 2% of samples respectively greater than 20 000 or 100 000 c.f.u. of
      mastitis pathogens/ml of milk were detected. This occurred most commonly in the
      herds with a high incidence of Streptococcus uberis mastitis. The total bacterial
      counts of the herds' milks varied between 13 960 and 46 230 c.f.u./ml in the
      winter and between 6510 and 63 000 c.f.u./ml in the summer. No correlation was
      found between bacteriological quality of herd milk and the cleanliness of the
      milking machine and pipeline as assessed by plant rinses.

PMID- 6389467
TI  - The influence of scald water pH on the death rates of Salmonella typhimurium and
      other bacteria attached to chicken skin.
AB  - Factory trials where scald tank water was maintained at pH 9.0 +/- 0.2 showed
      that compared with the usual system of scalding when the water is at pH 6.0 for
      much of the working day the bacterial counts on carcases post scalding and
      plucking were significantly lower. In laboratory experiments, attached Salmonella
      typhimurium and the naturally occurring skin flora were found to be killed
      significantly more quickly in water at pH 9.0 +/- 0.2.

PMID- 6389468
TI  - Animal models in antibacterial drug research.

PMID- 6389469
TI  - Coumermycin inhibition of murine retrovirus replication in cultured cells.
AB  - The effect of coumermycin A1 activity on the infection and replication of murine
      type C retroviruses was studied in vitro. The infectivity of five prototype
      ecotropic retroviruses was reduced by 50 to 94%, with viral titres decreased up
      to seven-fold. These values were substantiated by progeny production studies.
      Similar results were obtained with five strains of xenotropic retroviruses.
      Delayed inhibition of growth kinetics in mouse SC-1 cells was observed with 7.5
      and 10 mg/l of coumermycin A1. This effect was markedly reduced after three
      cycles of freezing and thawing of the drug. Changes in the absorption spectra of
      coumermycin A1 were observed after eight cycles of freezing and thawing.

PMID- 6389470
TI  - Oral and intravenous acyclovir are equally effective in herpes zoster.
AB  - In a double-blind randomised trial 40 patients above 60 years old with acute
      herpes zoster received either 5 mg/kg acyclovir three times daily intravenously
      or 400 mg acyclovir five times daily orally for five days. Identical results were
      obtained with respect to duration of pain and rate of healing. Twenty per cent of
      orally administered acyclovir was absorbed and gave satisfactory concentrations
      of acyclovir in the vesicular fluid.

PMID- 6389471
TI  - In-vitro activity of ciprofloxacin (Bay 09867)

PMID- 6389472
TI  - Intra-incisional penicillin versus cephaloridine.

PMID- 6389473
TI  - Structure activity relationships among the monobactams.
AB  - The monobactam nucleus (3-AMA) exhibits weak antibacterial activity and thus, as
      with the penicillins and cephalosporins, molecular substitution around the
      central nucleus is essential to realize the antibacterial potential of these
      molecules. Side chain structure/activity relationships in monobactams parallel
      those of the penicillins and cephalosporins. Such a relationship is not
      unexpected in view of the common enzymatic targets shared by these structurally
      divergent types. Side chain substitution of the monobactam nucleus leads to
      compounds exhibiting primarily Gram-positive, primarily Gram-negative or broad
      spectrum activity. However, incorporation of small polar groups (amino, hydroxyl,
      carboxylic or sulphonic) at the alpha position of these side chains leads to
      poorly active compounds. This observation is the most striking divergence between
      monobactam and penicillin/cephalosporin structure-activity relationships. The
      most striking gain in anti-bacterial activity is observed with the introduction
      of an aminothiazoleoxime side chain as the 3-acyl substituent. In the case of
      carbonyl-activated and phosphate activated compounds, there is total reliance on
      this side chain grouping for achieving activity. Activity against Gram-positive
      bacteria, if present, is closely related to the nature of the acyl side chain.
      The aminothiazoleoxime side chains characteristically reduce activity against
      this organism class. Substitution at the 4-position of the monocyclic ring
      although capable of producing dramatic changes in biological activity, is highly
      unpredictable. In the SO3-activated molecules 4-substitution is essential for
      beta-lactamase stability and in many instances results in increased intrinsic
      activity of the molecule. Incorporation of 4-substituents on the beta-lactamase
      susceptible O-activated molecules has little or no effect on beta-lactamase
      stability or antibacterial activity. In the case of carbonyl- and phosphate
      activated species, while offering no advantages, 4-substitution in many instances
      is highly deleterious to the activity of the molecule. The 'activating' group on
      the beta-lactam nitrogen, responsible for the activation of the beta-lactam ring
      can be varied quite widely while retaining high intrinsic activity. The O
      activated compounds although showing the potential for broad-spectrum activity
      are beta-lactamase unstable, while the beta-lactamase stable compounds tend to
      show preferential activity against Gram-negative rods. There can be little doubt
      that additional activating groups will be incorporated on the monocyclic beta
      lactam ring and it will be interesting to see what additional properties can be
      achieved by this approach.

PMID- 6389474
TI  - Comparison of ceftazidime, cefuroxime and methicillin in the treatment of
      Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in rabbits.
AB  - Ceftazidime, cefuroxime and methicillin proved equally effective in the therapy
      of experimental Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in rabbits with a dosing
      regimen of 40 mg/kg intramuscularly at 8-hourly intervals for three days. Treated
      animals all demonstrated a thousand to 10,000-fold reduction in the levels of
      bacteria in the vegetations compared with untreated controls. In-vitro
      sensitivities of the organism to the test antibiotics were not predictive of
      therapeutic efficacy in vivo.

PMID- 6389475
TI  - Bleeding secondary to vitamin K deficiency in patients receiving parenteral
      cephem antibiotics.
AB  - Thirteen patients who were treated with cephem antibiotics developed blood
      coagulation disorders due to vitamin K deficiency. At the time of detection of
      prolongation of the prothrombin time, cefazolin was being administered in four
      cases, cefmetazole and latamoxef (moxalactam) in three cases each, and
      cefoperazone, cefpiramide and ceftazidime in one case each. Bleeding occurred in
      ten patients, but administration of vitamin K rapidly eliminated the prothrombin
      time prolongation and the haemorrhagic tendency. To date, we have not detected
      prothrombin time prolongation or a haemorrhagic tendency with cefotaxime,
      ceftizoxime, cefotiam, cefoxitin or cefsulodin. Thus, different cephem
      antibiotics show different effects on the prothrombin time.

PMID- 6389476
TI  - The clinical pharmacokinetics and tolerance of enoxacin in healthy volunteers.
AB  - In a single-dose tolerance and pharmacokinetics study, enoxacin doses ranging
      from 200 to 1600 mg were administered orally to 12 healthy normal volunteers.
      Plasma assays demonstrated rapid absorption of enoxacin with first-order
      elimination and a half-life averaging 3.4-6.4 h. Renal clearance accounted for
      approximately 40% of total body clearance of drug. In a second placebo-controlled
      study, 18 normal volunteers received enoxacin in doses of 400, 600 or 800 mg
      twice daily for 14 days. Plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters
      obtained after the first dose were not significantly different from those
      observed in the single-dose study. With repeated administration, steady-state
      plasma concentrations were achieved in three days or less. Steady-state
      pharmacokinetics were characterized by prompt absorption, first-order
      elimination, and high urinary concentrations of enoxacin. The most frequently
      reported adverse experiences involved the gastro-intestinal tract, the central
      nervous system, and the skin.

PMID- 6389477
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of enoxacin in healthy volunteers administered at
      a dosage of 400 mg twice daily for 14 days.
AB  - Twenty-four subjects participated in this placebo-controlled, double-blind study.
      Eighteen were randomized to receive active enoxacin capsules (400 mg twice daily
      for 14 days) and the remaining six received placebo therapy. Steady state was
      reached in four days or less, with an average minimum concentration of 1.25 mg/l
      and the average concentration achieved 1.5 h after the dose was 3.53 mg/l. Five
      of 18 (28%) subjects who received active enoxacin and two of six (33%) subjects
      who received placebo reported adverse events, which were generally mild and of
      short duration. No rash or pruritus were reported. Haematology, biochemistry and
      urinalyses revealed no untoward effect.

PMID- 6389478
TI  - A biochemical adventure--the hunt for vitamin D.

PMID- 6389479
TI  - Purification and characterization of glutathione synthetase from Escherichia coli
      B.
AB  - Glutathione synthetase was purified about 60-fold with 8.5% of activity yield
      from the cell extracts of Escherichia coli C600 cells transformed with a
      recombinant plasmid for the glutathione synthetase gene of E. coli B. The
      purified enzyme had a Mr of 152,000 and was composed of four identical subunits
      each with a Mr of 38,000. The Km values of the enzyme for gamma-glutamylcysteine,
      glycine, and ATP were 2.6, 2.0, and 1.8 mM, respectively. The enzyme was most
      active at pH 8.5 and at 45 degrees C and required divalent cations such as Mg2+,
      Mn2+, and Co2+ for activity. The activity was inhibited by oxidized glutathione
      (Ki = 4.4 mM). Reduced glutathione showed no effect on glutathione synthetase
      activity.

PMID- 6389480
TI  - Injury to cultured endothelial cells from human umbilical vein by linoleic acid
      hydroperoxide.
AB  - The effect of linoleic acid hydroperoxide on cultured endothelial cells from
      human umbilical vein was examined morphologically. Incubation of the cells with a
      low concentration (0.5 nmol/ml) of linoleic acid hydroperoxide for 3 h caused a
      slight decrease in electron density of the mitochondrial matrix. Upon an increase
      of the concentration to 1.0 nmol/ml, the damage became more pronounced, and
      enlargement and dilatation of the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum were
      observed. At higher concentrations (5 and 7.5 nmol/ml), dilatation of the rough
      surfaced endoplasmic reticulum became further pronounced, and many vacuoles were
      observed in the cells.

PMID- 6389481
TI  - The history of feed analysis, as chronicled in the development of AOAC official
      methods, 1884-1984.

PMID- 6389482
TI  - Microbiological determination of neomycin in feeds and formulated products.
AB  - An AOAC modified method is described for the microbiological assay of neomycin,
      which has been adapted to include complete feeds, supplements, premixes, liquids,
      oil suspensions, boluses, and antibiotic-impregnated paper. The method features a
      more sensitive standard response line with a monolayer plating system. The use of
      a buffered plating medium in place of the water-prepared medium results in a
      curve with less degree of slope, which allows for more accurate interpretation of
      the standard response. The feed extract diluent used for standard response line
      dilution, which is prepared from exposure of the feed extract fluid to pH
      changes, heat, and sodium hypochlorite, has been eliminated. The constant salt
      concentration diluent used for the preparation of standards is the same as the
      salt concentration of the sample extract solution to be tested. Results for 50
      commercial complete feeds and 50 commercial premixes received over the last 5
      years produced an overall mean recovery of 101% with a mean percent recovery
      range of 80-112%. A statistical analysis of these 100 commercial, complete feeds
      and premixes, ranging in concentration from 47 g/ton to 70 g/lb, indicates the
      assay has little, if any, concentration-related bias. Precision and accuracy of
      the method was supported by laboratory studies of 20 assays that produced a mean
      recovery of 101% and standard deviation of 3.

PMID- 6389483
TI  - Detection of Escherichia coli enterotoxins by using mouse adrenal cell and
      suckling mouse assays: collaborative study.
AB  - The ability of 10 Escherichia coli strains to produce heat-stable enterotoxin
      (ST) and heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) was determined by 8 analysts in a
      collaborative study. The suckling mouse model and the mouse adrenal cell line (Y
      1) tests were used to detect ST and LT, respectively. Cultures for assay were
      grown 24 h in casamino acid-yeast extract-trace salts broth at 37 degrees C in a
      shaker incubator at 250 rpm. Cell-free culture broth prepared by centrifugation
      and filtration was divided into 2 portions: One was heated for 30 min and used
      both for ST assay and as a heated control for LT assay; the other was used
      unheated for LT assay. Results were expressed as positive for ST, positive for
      LT, positive for ST and LT, or negative for both ST and LT; percent of correct
      estimates was calculated for each culture for each analyst. At the 95% confidence
      interval, the overall correct results were 96.3 +/- 2.9 and 95.0 +/- 3.4% for ST
      and LT, respectively. The test performances thus were satisfactory for detecting
      ST and LT produced in vitro by E. coli. The method has been adopted official
      first action.

PMID- 6389484
TI  - Serum profile and bioavailability of a controlled-release theophylline
      formulation for once-daily use: comparison with a 12-hr preparation.
AB  - Two controlled-release theophylline drugs, T-D (Theo-Dur tablets) administered 12
      hourly, and preparation U (Uniphyl tablets) once daily, given in 7-day sequences
      in daily 800-mg doses, produced comparable steady-state serum profiles in
      nonsmoking adults with asthma, chronic bronchitis, or both, showing acceptable
      theophylline clearances. With either regimen, mean serum levels were within the
      10-20 mcg/ml range at most time points, never falling below 9 mcg/ml or exceeding
      20 mcg/ml. Analyses of variance for troughs, peaks, trough-peak fluctuations and
      AUCs (0,24) could not differentiate between drugs. The theophylline in each was
      fully bioavailable relative to immediate-release theophylline. Side effects,
      least prevalent with Drug U, were of the "minor nuisance" variety. These data
      indicate the suitability of Drug U for once-daily prescription.

PMID- 6389486
TI  - The "Wright" peak flow meter--1959 (silver anniversary).

PMID- 6389485
TI  - Relationship between theophylline pharmacokinetics and clinical relevance.

PMID- 6389487
TI  - Bronchoprovocation in children and variability of pulmonary function tests--1964.
AB  - Asthmatic symptoms were provoked by allergen inhalations in nine children with
      bronchial asthma. Mechanics of breathing, lung volumes and ventilatory capacity
      were registered before, during and after provocation. Pulmonary flow resistance,
      functional residual capacity, and residual volume increased in all children, and
      vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec decreased. Total lung capacity
      was uninfluenced or decreased. Pulmonary flow resistance increased to a higher
      value than is usually reached in spontaneous attacks of the same clinical degree
      of severity. The deviations of the other pulmonary function dimensions were
      similar to those in spontaneous attacks. The increase of pulmonary flow
      resistance usually was of short duration. The decrease of FEV1.0 sometimes
      remained one of several days after attack. The hyperinflation induced was of very
      short duration.

PMID- 6389488
TI  - Asthma and nasal reflexes--1919.

PMID- 6389489
TI  - Re: Experimental design to study sustained-release theophylline preparations.

PMID- 6389490
TI  - Insulin response to sulphonylureas in diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6389491
TI  - Double blind crossover randomised study of bromhexine in chronic obstructive
      airway disease.

PMID- 6389492
TI  - Physiology of platelets and immune thrombocytopenic purpura.

PMID- 6389493
TI  - Hyperthermia in the treatment of cancer: biological aspects.

PMID- 6389494
TI  - Mutants of Aspergillus nidulans blocked at an early stage of sporulation secrete
      an unusual metabolite.
AB  - Mutants of Aspergillus nidulans defective in conidiation (asexual sporulation)
      can be classified according to whether they are blocked before or after induction
      of conidiation. Mutants blocked before induction (preinduction mutants) appear to
      be unable to respond to the inducing stimulus and thus are defective in one of
      the earliest events in the sporulation process. Three preinduction mutants have
      been isolated and characterized. Each was found to exhibit the same pleiotropic
      phenotype: they also were defective in sexual sporulation and secreted a set of
      phenolic metabolites at a level much higher than did wild type or mutants blocked
      at later stages of conidiation. One of the metabolites has been identified as the
      antibiotic diorcinal (3,3'-dihydroxy-5,5'-dimethyldiphenyl ether) which is known
      to be involved in the synthesis of certain farnesyl phenols of unknown function.
      These results suggest that preinduction mutants are blocked in a phenolic
      metabolic pathway, one or more product of which participates in the initiation of
      sporulation.

PMID- 6389495
TI  - Mutation that suppresses the protein export defect of the secY mutation and
      causes cold-sensitive growth of Escherichia coli.
AB  - A cold-sensitive mutant was isolated among temperature-resistant revertants of
      the secY24 mutant defective in secretion of envelope proteins across the
      cytoplasmic membrane at 42 degrees C. A single mutation, designated ssyA3, is
      responsible both for the extragenic suppression of secY and for the cold
      sensitive growth. In contrast to the parental secY24 mutant, the suppressed cells
      do not accumulate precursors of envelope proteins at any temperatures. The cells
      containing the ssyA3 mutation, whether in combination with secY24 or not, show an
      optimal growth at 42 degrees C and a very poor growth at 30 degrees C. At the low
      temperature, protein synthesis is generally slowed down, probably at the step of
      chain elongation. The gene ssyA was mapped at a new locus between hisS and glyA
      on the chromosome. It is possible that the product of this gene interacts both
      with the protein secretion system and the protein synthesizing system.

PMID- 6389497
TI  - Initial reactions involved in the dissimilation of mandelate by Rhodotorula
      graminis.
AB  - Rhodotorula graminis utilized DL-mandelate, L(+)-mandelate, and D(-)-mandelate as
      sole sources of carbon and energy. Growth on these aromatic substrates resulted
      in the induction of an NAD-dependent D(-)-mandelate dehydrogenase and a dye
      linked L(+)-mandelate dehydrogenase, each catalyzing the stereospecific
      conversion of its respective enantiomer of mandelate to benzoylformate.
      Benzoylformate was oxidized to benzaldehyde, which was dehydrogenated to benzoate
      by an NAD-dependent benzaldehyde dehydrogenase. Benzoate was further metabolized
      through p-hydroxybenzoate and the protocatechuate branch of the beta-ketoadipate
      pathway.

PMID- 6389496
TI  - Escherichia coli K-12 tolZ mutants tolerant to colicins E2, E3, D, Ia, and Ib:
      defect in generation of the electrochemical proton gradient.
AB  - Spontaneous Escherichia coli K-12 mutants tolerant to colicin E3 were isolated,
      and on the basis of their tolerance patterns to 19 kinds of colicins, a new
      phenotypic class of tolZ mutants was found. The tolZ gene was located between min
      77 and 78 on the E. coli K-12 genetic map. The tolZ mutants were tolerant to
      colicins E2, E3, D, Ia, and Ib, and showed an increased sensitivity to
      ampicillin, neomycin, and EDTA, but not to deoxycholate; they were able to grow
      on glucose minimal medium, but not on nonfermentable carbon sources (succinate,
      acetate, pyruvate, lactate, malate, etc.). The pleiotropic phenotype of the tolZ
      mutant was due to a single mutation. Both respiration and membrane ATPase
      activity of the tolZ mutant were normal. The tolZ mutant had a defect in the
      uptake of proline, glutamine, thiomethyl-beta-D-galactoside, and
      triphenylmethylphosphonium ion; these uptake systems are driven by an
      electrochemical proton gradient (delta-mu H+) or a membrane potential (delta
      psi). In contrast, the uptake of methionine and alpha-methyl-D-glucoside, which
      is not dependent on delta-mu H+ and delta psi, was normal in the tolZ mutant.
      Glucose 6-phosphate uptake at pH 5.5, which is driven by a transmembrane pH
      gradient, in the tolZ mutant was similar to the parent level. These results
      indicate that the tolZ mutant has a defect in the generation of delta-mu H+ and
      delta psi.

PMID- 6389498
TI  - Escherichia coli recBC deletion mutants.
AB  - Mutants of Escherichia coli with deletions of the recB and recC genes were
      obtained by two methods using transposable DNA elements. The phenotypes of these
      mutants are similar to those of mutants with recBC point mutations. These results
      indicate that the RecBC gene products, exonuclease V, is not essential for the
      growth of E. coli but is important for DNA repair and recombination.

PMID- 6389499
TI  - Anaerobic iron uptake by Escherichia coli.
AB  - Assimilation and uptake of iron in anaerobic cultures of Escherichia coli were
      supported by iron supplied as ferrienterobactin, ferrichrome, and ferrous
      ascorbate; however, as in the aerobic cultures, ferrichrome A was a poor iron
      source. Albomycin inhibited both aerobically and anaerobically grown cells. The
      siderophore outer membrane receptor proteins FepA and FhuA were produced under
      anaerobic iron-deficient conditions. Anaerobic transport of ferrienterobactin and
      ferrichrome was inhibited by KCN and dinitrophenol. The Km for ferrienterobactin
      uptake in anaerobically grown cells was 0.8 microM, and the Vmax was 38 pmol/min
      per mg, compared with 0.1 microM and 80 pmol/min per mg, respectively, in
      aerobically grown cells.

PMID- 6389500
TI  - Overproduction of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase relieves transcription termination
      at the Escherichia coli tryptophan operon attenuator.
AB  - Overproduction of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase increased trp operon expression by
      reducing transcription termination at the trp attenuator. The total cellular
      level of charged tRNATrp was not affected by increased levels of the synthetase.
      We propose that excess synthetase binds charged tRNATrp and reduces the
      concentration available for translation.

PMID- 6389501
TI  - Inhibitory effect of Li+ on cell growth and pyruvate kinase activity of
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Li+ inhibited growth of Escherichia coli when glucose, galactose, fructose, or
      glycerol was added as the sole source of carbon. Growth inhibition was not
      observed when lactate or a mixture of amino acids was used as the carbon source.
      A mutant possessing elevated activity of Li+ extrusion was not inhibited by Li+.
      These results suggested that intracellular Li+ inhibited the glycolytic pathway,
      most likely triose metabolism, without affecting gluconeogenesis. We also found
      that pyruvate kinase I was inhibited by Li+.

PMID- 6389502
TI  - Trapping of the substrate-derived acyl enzyme intermediate of purified penicillin
      binding protein 1a of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Purified penicillin-binding protein 1a of Escherichia coli formed an acyl enzyme
      intermediate with the highly reactive synthetic substrate diacetyl-L-lysyl-D
      alanyl-D-lactate at acid pH, although in extremely low yields.

PMID- 6389503
TI  - Mutationally altered ribonucleotide reductase from Escherichia coli:
      characterization of mutations isolated on multicopy plasmids.
AB  - The Escherichia coli ribonucleotide reductase genes (nrd genes) were mutagenized
      at random. Point mutations were introduced in vitro into a recombinant nrd
      plasmid. Transformants were initially screened for altered tolerance toward the
      drug hydroxyurea and further characterized by enzymatic and immunological
      methods. The screening procedure could pick out defects in either of the two
      subunits of ribonucleotide reductase. Cells carrying the nrd plasmid pPS2 were
      earlier shown to have levels of ribonucleotide reductase molecules that were 10
      to 20 times higher than those in wild-type cells. We now demonstrate that the
      enzymatic activity in gently lysed pPS2-containing cells on cellophane disks is
      six times higher than in wild-type cells. Supplementation of the pPS2-containing
      lysates with a purified thioredoxin system results in a further 4.5-fold
      stimulation of the enzymatic activity, which implies a functional shortage of the
      electron donor system(s) for ribonucleotide reduction in pPS2-containing cells.

PMID- 6389505
TI  - Role of protein synthesis in the survival of carbon-starved Escherichia coli K
      12.
AB  - In a typical Escherichia coli K-12 culture starved for glucose, 50% of the cells
      lose viability in ca. 6 days (Reeve et al., J. Bacteriol. 157:758-763, 1984).
      Inhibition of protein synthesis by chloramphenicol resulted in a more rapid loss
      of viability in glucose-starved E. coli K-12 cultures. The more chloramphenicol
      added (i.e., the more protein synthesis was inhibited) and the earlier during
      starvation it was added, the greater was its effect on culture viability.
      Chloramphenicol was found to have the same effect on a relA strain as on an
      isogenic relA+ strain of E. coli. Addition of the amino acid analogs S-2
      aminoethylcysteine, 7-azatryptophan, and p-fluorophenylalanine to carbon-starved
      cultures to induce synthesis of abnormal proteins had an effect on viability
      similar to that observed when 50 micrograms of chloramphenicol per ml was added
      at zero time for starvation. Both chloramphenicol and the amino acid analogs had
      delayed effects on viability, compared with their effects on synthesis of normal
      proteins. The need for protein synthesis did not arise from cryptic growth, since
      no cryptic growth of the starving cells was observed under the conditions used.
      From these and previous results obtained from work with peptidase-deficient
      mutants of E. coli K-12 and Salmonella typhimurium LT2 (Reeve et al., J.
      Bacteriol. 157:758-763, 1984), we concluded that a number of survival-related
      proteins are synthesized by E. coli K-12 cells as a response to carbon
      starvation. These proteins are largely synthesized during the early hours of
      starvation, but their continued activity is required for long-term survival.

PMID- 6389504
TI  - Relaxation of supercoiled plasmid DNA by oxidative stresses in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The relaxation of plasmid DNA was observed after the visible light irradiation of
      Escherichia coli AB1157 harboring plasmid pBR322 or some other plasmids in the
      presence of a photosensitizing dye, such as toluidine blue or acridine orange,
      and molecular oxygen. Treatment of the cells with hydroperoxides, such as tert
      butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, and hydrogen peroxide, also caused the
      plasmid DNA relaxation in vivo. Relaxation was not observed in these treatments
      of purified pBR322 DNA in vitro. Plasmid DNA relaxation was also detected after
      near-UV irradiation. Far-UV irradiation did not induce such relaxation.

PMID- 6389506
TI  - Proton motive force is not obligatory for growth of Escherichia coli.
AB  - When 50 microM carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP), a protonophore,
      was added to growth medium containing glucose at pH 7.5, Escherichia coli TK1001
      (trkD1 kdpABC5) started exponential growth after 30 min; the generation time was
      70 min at 37 degrees C. Strain AS1 (acrA), another strain derived from E. coli K
      12, also grew in the presence of 50 microM CCCP under the same conditions, except
      that the lag period was ca. 3 h. When this strain was grown in the presence of 50
      microM CCCP and then transferred to fresh medium containing 50 microM CCCP, cells
      grew without any lag. Neither a membrane potential nor a pH gradient was detected
      in strain AS1 cells growing in the presence of CCCP. When either succinate or
      lactate was substituted for glucose, these strains did not grow in the presence
      of 50 microM CCCP. Thus, it is suggested that E. coli can grow in the absence of
      a proton motive force when glucose is used as an energy source at pH 7.5.

PMID- 6389507
TI  - Purine-mediated growth inhibition caused by a pyrE mutation in Escherichia coli K
      12.
AB  - A purine-sensitive phenotype results from a previously described mutation in the
      structural gene (pyrE) for orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPT) in Escherichia
      coli K-12. OPT from both the mutant and the wild-type was partially inhibited by
      adenine and adenosine, although other purine derivatives were not effective for
      this inhibition. The Km values of the mutant OPT were 580 and 760 microM for
      orotate and 5'-phosphoribosyl-1'-pyrophosphate (PRib-PP), respectively, whereas
      the corresponding values for the wild-type OPT were 40 and 60 microM. The
      intracellular level of PRib-PP was decreased to less than 15% of the normal level
      when purine derivatives were added to exponentially growing cultures of both the
      parent and mutant strains. However, this decrease of the PRib-PP level was not
      found in strains derived from the mutant, in which the purine-sensitive phenotype
      was suppressed by a secondary mutation. The purine-sensitive phenotype was caused
      by retardation of the pyrimidine de novo pathway, when the intracellular level of
      PRib-PP was diminished by exogenously supplied purine derivatives.

PMID- 6389509
TI  - Protein and nucleic acid synthesis during synchronized growth of Plasmodium
      falciparum.
AB  - Plasmodium falciparum, the human malarial parasite, was synchronized for asexual
      growth and pulse labeled to determine when RNA, protein, and DNA synthesis
      occurred. RNA was synthesized during two periods in the 48-h developmental cycle,
      protein synthesis occurred throughout the cycle, and most DNA was synthesized
      just before nuclear division (schizogony).

PMID- 6389508
TI  - Phase separation between nucleoid and cytoplasm in Escherichia coli as defined by
      immersive refractometry.
AB  - The refractive indices of nucleoid and cytoplasm in Escherichia coli were derived
      theoretically and experimentally. For the theoretical estimates, we made use of
      the known macromolecular composition of E. coli B/r (G. Churchward and H. Bremer,
      J. Theor. Biol. 94:651-670, 1982) and of estimates of cell and nucleoid volumes.
      These were obtained from micrographs of living bacteria made with a confocal
      scanning light microscope. The theoretical values were calculated, assuming that
      all DNA occurred in the nucleoid and that all protein and RNA occurred in the
      cytoplasm. Comparison with experimental refractive index values directly obtained
      by immersive refractometry showed that, besides its DNA, the nucleoid must
      contain an additional amount of solids equivalent to 8.6% (wt/vol) protein. With
      the nucleoid containing 6.8% (wt/vol) DNA and 8.6% (wt/vol) protein and the
      cytoplasm containing 21% (wt/vol) protein and 4% (wt/vol) RNA, a mass difference
      is obtained, which accounts for the phase separation observed between the
      nucleoid and cytoplasm in living cells by phase-contrast microscopy. The decrease
      in the refractive index of the nucleoid relative to that of the cytoplasm
      observed upon, for instance, OsO4 fixation was interpreted as being indicative of
      the loss of protein content in the nucleoid.

PMID- 6389510
TI  - Tetracycline resistance element of pBR322 mediates potassium transport.
AB  - The tetracycline resistance element of plasmid pBR322 partially complements the
      potassium transport defect of Escherichia coli K-12 mutants having markedly
      impaired K+ transport. The plasmid increases K+ transport. The Tn10 element does
      not result in increased transport, demonstrating that the effect is not general
      for elements that increase resistance to tetracycline.

PMID- 6389511
TI  - Bacteriophage T5 gene A2 protein alters the outer membrane of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Evidence for changes in Escherichia coli envelope structure caused by the
      bacteriophage T5 gene A2 protein was obtained by the use of mutant
      bacteriophages, envelope fractionation procedures, electrophoretic analysis, and
      in vitro binding studies with purified gene A2 protein. The results suggested
      that the T5 gene A2 protein perturbs the host envelope as it functions to promote
      DNA transfer.

PMID- 6389512
TI  - Mating ability during chemically induced G1 arrest of cells of the yeast
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Diploid formation by haploid cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was tested during
      and after treatment with chemical agents which bring about arrest at the cell
      cycle regulatory step "start." All compounds, except sinefungin, allowed
      efficient mating. During sinefungin treatment, zygote formation, but not
      karyogamy, was affected.

PMID- 6389513
TI  - Mutants of Erwinia chrysanthemi defective in secretion of pectinase and
      cellulase.
AB  - Erwinia chrysanthemi produced several pectate lyases (EC 4.2.2.2) and
      endocellulases (EC 3.2.1.4) which were largely secreted into the culture medium.
      Mutants deficient in the secretion mechanism for these enzymes were obtained by
      chemical and insertion mutagenesis. Further study of one such mutant revealed
      that both enzyme activities were retained simultaneously within the periplasmic
      space.

PMID- 6389514
TI  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae does not accumulate ethanol against a concentration
      gradient.
AB  - It has been reported that yeast cells accumulate ethanol against a concentration
      gradient. We initiated a study of the mechanism involved in this phenomenon.
      However, we found that this accumulation does not occur and that ethanol
      permeates the yeast cell plasma membrane by simple diffusion. The following
      evidence supports this conclusion. (i) Uptake and outflow of ethanol in yeast
      cells followed first-order kinetics and were insensitive to the presence of
      structural analogs of ethanol, to drastic pH changes, and to the action of
      reagents of amino and thiol groups. These results strongly suggest that ethanol
      permeates the yeast cell plasma membrane without involvement of any carrier. (ii)
      The outflow rate of ethanol seems greater than the ability of this organism to
      produce ethanol, indicating that intracellular accumulation of ethanol is not
      possible. (iii) The intracellular concentration of ethanol found was similar to
      the concentration in culture media in all tested conditions. With the available
      information, it is difficult to ascertain the reasons for the discrepancy between
      our results and those previously reported by other authors. However, the
      inadequacy of the cell-sampling procedure and of the chromatographic conditions
      used by those authors suggests that the discrepancy may be due to artifacts in
      the measurements of ethanol.

PMID- 6389516
TI  - Penicillin-insensitive incorporation of D-amino acids into cell wall
      peptidoglycan influences the amount of bound lipoprotein in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Certain D-amino acids, such as D-methionine and D-cystine, were incorporated into
      cells of Escherichia coli under conditions inhibiting protein and cell wall
      synthesis. Part of the radioactivity of D-14C-amino acids incorporated into the
      cells was found in the isolated cell wall peptidoglycan. A covalent linkage
      between the amino group of the D-amino acids and the peptidoglycan was presumed
      to be the main cause of the binding of the D-amino acids to peptidoglycan,
      because the amino group of the D-amino acids in the incorporation product was
      substituted. Whether the carboxyl terminus was substituted was unknown. The
      formation of the D-amino acid-peptidoglycan linkage was insensitive to beta
      lactam antibiotics such as benzylpenicillin and ampicillin (500 micrograms/ml)
      and therefore was not due to the reaction of DD-transpeptidation which is
      involved in the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan. The D-amino acids also strongly
      inhibited the formation of peptidoglycan-bound lipoprotein in the E. coli cells.
      The results may suggest the correlation between binding of D-amino acid to
      peptidoglycan and inhibition of formation of the bound form of lipoprotein.

PMID- 6389515
TI  - Sensitivity to nikkomycin Z in Candida albicans: role of peptide permeases.
AB  - The uptake of tritiated nikkomycin Z, a potent inhibitor of chitin synthetase, is
      mediated by a peptide transport system in Candida albicans. Kinetic transport
      assays with radioactive di- and tripeptides and competition studies suggest that
      two distinct systems operate in this yeast. Nikkomycin Z was transported through
      one of these systems, common to di- and tripeptides. A peptide transport
      deficient mutant was isolated on the basis of its resistance to nikkomycin Z. The
      mutant lost most of its capacity to take up dipeptides but simultaneously
      increased its ability to transport tripeptides. These results indicate that C.
      albicans handles peptides through multiple transport systems and adjusts their
      expression to environmental conditions.

PMID- 6389518
TI  - Spectrophotometric determination of affinities of peptides for their transport
      systems in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The use of novel synthetic peptides to measure peptide transport by
      spectrophotometric means is described. These peptides contain glycine residues
      alpha-substituted with thiophenol and are recognized as substrates by both
      peptide transport systems and intracellular peptidases of Escherichia coli
      (Kingsbury et al., Gilvarg, C., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81:4573-4576,
      1984). Transport and peptidase cleavage results in the intracellular release of
      thiophenol, which exits rapidly from the cell. The release of thiophenol from
      these peptides by cell suspensions can be measured with Ellman sulfhydryl reagent
      [5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)] and provides a direct determination of the
      rate of peptide transport. The reductions in thiophenol release from these
      peptides resulting from the addition of peptide competitors enable the affinities
      of the competitors for their transport systems to be determined. By this method,
      it is shown that the dipeptide transport system is more restrictive with respect
      to changes in the amino acid sidechains of its substrates than those of the
      oligopeptide transport system.

PMID- 6389517
TI  - DNA repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: purification and characterization of
      apurinic endonucleases.
AB  - Five chromatographically distinct apurinic endonucleases (D1, D2, D3, D4, and E)
      were purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae 234, 122, 1,000, 4,550, and 5,490
      fold, respectively. All appeared to be class II apurinic endonucleases and were
      not contaminated with exonuclease or nonspecific endonuclease activities under
      the reaction conditions used. All had similar pH optima, but endonucleases D4 and
      E showed higher salt requirements and endonuclease D4 had a lower Mg2+
      requirement for optimal activity than the other endonucleases. Endonuclease D4
      also nicked OsO4-treated DNA. The molecular weights of the apurinic endonucleases
      as determined by glycerol gradient sedimentation analysis were 37,000, 49,000,
      and 10,000, for endonucleases E, D4, and D2, respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of samples of radioiodinated endonuclease E
      showed the presence of two proteins.

PMID- 6389519
TI  - Isolation of a recombination-deficient mutant of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata.
AB  - To facilitate genetic analysis in the purple photosynthetic bacterium
      Rhodopseudomonas capsulata, a recombination-deficient derivative was sought. A UV
      irradiation-sensitive mutant (FG106F) was isolated after mutagenesis, and two
      procedures were used to determine the recombinational capacity of the mutant.
      First, recombinants were not detected after transduction of this derivative by
      the phage-like vector gene transfer agent. Second, an R-prime plasmid containing
      appropriately marked genes for photosynthesis was introduced by conjugation, and
      again no recombinants were observed. Additional phenotypes displayed by the
      mutant that are characteristic of a defect in recombination were an increased
      sensitivity to DNA-damaging antibiotics and a tendency to filament.

PMID- 6389520
TI  - Evaluation of lithium therapy for alcoholism.
AB  - The efficacy of lithium therapy for alcoholism was examined in 84 alcoholic
      volunteers admitted for rehabilitation. Subjects were randomly assigned to a
      lithium or placebo treatment condition for 18 months, and were reinterviewed
      monthly to document their compliance, drinking status, and mood. Two separate
      factors contributed to abstinent outcome: therapeutic serum lithium levels
      (greater than or equal to 0.4 mEq/L) and medication compliance. Recommendations
      are proposed for studying compliance effects in future treatment studies.

PMID- 6389521
TI  - Studies of familial alcoholism: a review.
AB  - Recent studies demonstrate the existence of familial and nonfamilial types of
      alcoholism. The familial type is characterized by an early age of onset and a
      severe course. Nonfamilial alcoholism is more often associated with other adult
      psychiatric disorders. Adoption and twin data suggesting genetic influences in
      some forms of alcoholism are reviewed. Findings are summarized from studies
      comparing familial with nonfamilial alcoholics, and from high-risk studies in
      which sons of alcoholics are compared with sons of nonalcoholics. Both types of
      studies show important differences between familial and nonfamilial alcoholics.

PMID- 6389522
TI  - Pharmacologic basis and treatment of cigarette smoking.
AB  - Data are reviewed which support the contention of the American Psychiatric
      Association and the U.S. Public Health Service that cigarette smokers may become
      addicted to nicotine. Available data indicate that 1) tobacco use shares many
      factors in common with previously studied forms of drug abuse--most notably,
      narcotic addiction, 2) the rate and pattern of cigarette smoking are partially
      determined by nicotine dose level, and 3) nicotine meets established criteria for
      a prototypic drug of abuse. These findings have implications for the
      understanding and treatment not only of cigarette smoking but of other forms of
      drug abuse and psychiatric disorders in which tobacco use is a cofactor.

PMID- 6389523
TI  - Drugs in the workplace.
AB  - Many corporations are making concerted efforts to reduce the growing costs of on
      the-job intoxication by the use of preemployment urine screening and breath
      alcohol testing, in addition to the more traditional histories and physical
      examinations. The worker who is accident prone, frequently ill, demonstrates poor
      work performance, or who seems to be under the influence of a mind-altering drug
      is examined for possible drug toxicity. Disciplinary action must be equitable and
      with the concurrence of the union. The advantages and problems associated with
      the chemical testing procedure and the safeguards to the individual and the
      corporation are discussed.

PMID- 6389524
TI  - Purification and properties of N-acetylneuraminate lyase from Escherichia coli.
AB  - N-Acetylneuraminate lyase [N-acetylneuraminic acid aldolase EC 4.1.3.3] from
      Escherichia coli was purified by protamine sulfate treatment, fractionation with
      ammonium sulfate, column chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, gel filtration on
      Ultrogel AcA 44, and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified
      enzyme preparation was homogeneous on analytical polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, and was free from contaminating enzymes including NADH oxidase
      and NADH dehydrogenase. The enzyme catalyzed the cleavage of N-acetylneuraminic
      acid to N-acetylmannosamine and pyruvate in a reversible reaction. Both cleavage
      and synthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid had the same pH optimum around 7.7. The
      enzyme was stable between pH 6.0 to 9.0, and was thermostable up to 60 degrees C.
      The thermal stability increased up to 75 degrees C in the presence of pyruvate.
      No metal ion was required for the enzyme activity, but heavy metal ions such as
      Ag+ and Hg2+ were potent inhibitors. Oxidizing agents such as N-bromosuccinimide,
      iodine, and hydrogen peroxide, and SH-inhibitors such as p-chloromercuribenzoic
      acid and mercuric chloride were also potent inhibitors. The Km values for N
      acetylneuraminic acid and N-glycolylneuraminic acid were 3.6 mM and 4.3 mM,
      respectively. Pyruvate inhibited the cleavage reaction competitively; Ki was
      calculated to be 1.0 mM. In the condensation reaction, N-acetylglucosamine, N
      acetylgalactosamine, glucosamine, and galactosamine could not replace N
      acetylmannosamine as substrate, and phosphoenolpyruvate, lactate, beta
      hydroxypyruvate, and other pyruvate derivatives could not replace pyruvate as
      substrate. The molecular weight of the native enzyme was estimated to be 98,000
      by gel filtration methods. After denaturation in sodium dodecyl sulfate or in 6 M
      guanidine-HCl, the molecular weight was reduced to 33,000, indicating the
      existence of 3 identical subunits. The enzyme could be used for the enzymatic
      determination of sialic acid; reaction conditions were devised for determining
      the bound form of sialic acid by coupling neuraminidase from Arthrobacter
      ureafaciens, lactate dehydrogenase, and NADH.

PMID- 6389525
TI  - Purification and characterization of a tuberculin-active substance from
      Mycobacterium bovis BCG.
AB  - A new tuberculin-active substance, designated TAS-1D3, has been purified from the
      extract of Mycobacterium bovis BCG by precipitation at pH 4.2, ethanol
      fractionation, and column chromatography involving CM-cellulose, QAE-Sephadex A
      25, Sephadex G-100, and Sephadex G-75. TAS-1D3 was homogeneous in polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis and positive in both Coomassie brilliant blue and periodic
      acid-Shiff staining, suggesting that TAS-1D3 is a glycoprotein. The molecular
      weight of TAS-1D3 was estimated to be 26,000 by gel filtration. In amino acid
      analysis, TAS-1D3 was distinctive in having proline as a dominant amino acid, and
      in that it lacked basic amino acids, sulfur-containing amino acids and aromatic
      amino acids. Moreover, TAS-1D3 was almost devoid of absorption at around 280 nm.
      In guinea pigs sensitized with BCG vaccine, the tuberculin activity of TAS-1D3
      was about forty times more potent than that of purified protein derivative (PPD).

PMID- 6389526
TI  - Amino acid sequence of NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase of human erythrocytes.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of soluble NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase purified from
      normal human erythrocytes was determined as one approach to understand the
      hereditary disease of a deficiency of this enzyme. The protein is hydrophilic as
      a whole, but two regions, from Phe-36 to Ile-71 and from Met-231 to Phe-275, were
      found to be highly hydrophobic. The sequence of the latter region is particularly
      unique, and rich in proline (20%). The sequence of the amino-terminal region was
      very similar to the partial sequences of the corresponding regions of the enzymes
      from pig and steer liver microsomes.

PMID- 6389528
TI  - Capping one end of an actin filament affects elongation at the other end.
AB  - The rates of elongation at the free ends of actin filaments were compared to
      those of intact filaments, when the one end was masked with muscle beta-actinin
      or cytochalasin D, using fixed actoheavy meromyosin and Limulus acrosomal actin
      bundles as seeds. Experimental conditions were chosen so as to prevent
      spontaneous filament formation as far as possible. The rate of elongation at the
      barbed end of fixed actoheavy meromyosin was reduced to about one-fourth when the
      other pointed end was capped by beta-actinin, and that at the pointed end was
      reduced to one-third when the barbed end was blocked by cytochalasin D. Similar
      effects were also observed with the packed actin bundles of horseshoe crab sperm,
      although the decreases in elongation were less marked: 50-60% of the control both
      in the presence of beta-actinin and cytochalasin D. To explain the peculiar "end
      effect" described above, it is proposed that possible conformational changes at
      one end of an actin filament caused by the binding of a capping substance are
      transmitted successively to the other end so as to affect the elongation there.

PMID- 6389527
TI  - Ferredoxins from the photosynthetic purple non-sulfur bacterium Rhodopseudomonas
      palustris. Isolation and amino acid sequence of ferredoxin I.
AB  - Two ferredoxins, ferredoxins I and II, were prepared from Rhodopseudomonas
      palustris. They were separated on a Sephadex column after carboxymethylation and
      ferredoxin I, the major component, was subjected to an amino acid sequence study.
      The protein was composed of 63 amino acid residues and the sequence was as
      follows: (sequence; see text). The molecular weight was calculated to be 6,718,
      excluding iron and sulfur atoms. The distribution of the nine cysteine residues
      was similar to but clearly distinct from those of ferredoxins of other
      photosynthetic bacteria. Comparison of this ferredoxin with those of other
      bacteria suggests that the photosynthetic bacteria evolved on separate lines.
      Ferredoxin II was also subjected to analyses of amino acid composition and
      terminal sequences, but no further study was possible due to the limited
      material. Although the composition was different from that of ferredoxin I, the
      terminal sequences were exactly the same as those of ferredoxin I.

PMID- 6389529
TI  - Chemotaxis in thermophilic bacterium PS-3.
AB  - Depositing the thermophilic bacterium PS-3 on semi-solid agar plate containing
      rich medium, several chemotactic rings were formed as in the cases of Escherichia
      coli and Salmonella typhimurium, indicating that the bacterium is chemotactic.
      The cells were attracted to L-amino acids: L-alanine, tryptophan, L-aspartate,
      and glutamate; and to sugars: D-glucose, maltose, D-fructose, and sucrose. In
      order to find out some sort of methylatable proteins were present, which has been
      proven to be important in the case of Escherichia coli, the PS-3 cells were
      labeled with radioactive methionine under conditions in which the protein
      synthesis had been inhibited. The results showed that the cells contained
      methylatable proteins of 60,000 to 88,000 daltons. The banding pattern of these
      methylated proteins was very similar to that of Escherichia coli when the
      proteins were analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In addition,
      the methyl groups attached onto the proteins were alkaline labile, indicating
      that the site of methylation was on carboxyl group. The methylation and
      demethylation reactions of these proteins were affected by the presence of
      attractants.

PMID- 6389530
TI  - A comparative study of sulfhydryl groups required for the catalytic activity of
      gramicidin S synthetase and isoleucyl tRNA synthetase.
AB  - The sulfhydryl groups required for the catalytic activity of gramicidin S
      synthetase of Bacillus brevis and Escherichia coli isoleucyl tRNA synthetase were
      compared. In gramicidin S synthetase 2(GS 2), about four sulfhydryl groups react
      rapidly with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) or N-ethylmaleimide
      (NEM), and are essential for gramicidin S formation in the presence of gramicidin
      S synthetase 1 (GS 1). These sulfhydryl groups are protected against DTNB and NEM
      reactions by the preincubation of GS 2 with amino acid substrates in the presence
      of ATP and MgCl2, like the sulfhydryl groups that react rapidly with DTNB or NEM
      and are required for the catalytic activity of GS 1 and isoleucyl tRNA
      synthetase. In GS 2, GS 1, and isoleucyl tRNA synthetase, the sulfhydryl group
      that reacts rapidly with NEM and is required for the catalytic activity is
      involved in the amino acid binding as a thioester. In isoleucyl tRNA synthetase,
      it is suggested that isoleucine may be transferred from the isoleucine thioester
      enzyme complex to tRNA by a mechanism similar to that proposed for gramicidin S
      synthetase.

PMID- 6389531
TI  - Import of rat liver mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase. Binding of the precursor
      to mitochondria, an intermediate step in import.
AB  - We have previously reported that the precursor of rat liver mitochondrial malate
      dehydrogenase, synthesized in vitro, is about 1,500 to 2,000 Mr larger than the
      mature enzyme and can be processed to the mature size by isolated mitochondria
      from Chinese hamster ovary cells (Chien, S.-M. and Freeman, K. B. (1984) J. Biol.
      Chem. 259, 3337-3342). Furthermore, binding, but not processing, was observed in
      the presence of an uncoupler. Binding was insensitive to temperature and was
      completed within 2.5 min at 0 degrees C. The role of binding in the overall
      process of import of the precursor is now further characterized. The precursor
      form, bound either in the presence of an uncoupler or at 0 degrees C, was
      sensitive to trypsin suggesting that binding occurs on the mitochondrial outer
      membrane. Saturation of binding was observed with a limited amount of
      mitochondria and an excess of in vitro translated rat liver proteins indicating
      that there is a finite number of binding sites. Furthermore, when the precursor
      was prebound to mitochondria at 0 degrees C for 5 min, the precursor was
      processed to the mature size and the rate of processing was independent of the
      volume of reaction mixture. In contrast, the rate of processing of unbound
      precursor was dependent on reaction volume. These results strongly suggest that
      binding of the precursor of malate dehydrogenase to the mitochondrial outer
      membrane is an intermediate step in its import.

PMID- 6389532
TI  - Construction of hybrid genes of 6-aminohexanoic acid-oligomer hydrolase and its
      analogous enzyme. Estimation of the intramolecular regions important for the
      enzyme evolution.
AB  - Hybrids were constructed of the genes for two homologous enzymes, 6-aminohexanoic
      acid-oligomer hydrolase (EII, one of the nylon oligomer degradation enzymes), and
      its probable evolutionary antecedent (EII'). The structural genes of EII (nylB)
      and EII' (nylB') have 88% similarity in their nucleotide sequences, an open frame
      encoding a peptide of 392 amino acids, conserved restriction sites, and in vitro
      recombination between these genes at the corresponding restriction sites
      generated genes directing various hybrid enzymes. In a comparison of the EII,
      EII', and the hybrid enzymes, we concluded that one or more of the four amino
      acid alterations that occurred in the intramolecular region (between amino acids
      162-257) of EII' is essential to the adaptation of the enzyme to nylon oligomer
      degradation, and that its effect is enhanced 20-fold by one or more further
      alterations in the 258-380 region. Our results also suggest that this technique
      is useful for improving enzyme characteristics.

PMID- 6389533
TI  - Effects of insulin receptor down-regulation on hexose transport in human
      erythrocytes.
AB  - D-Glucose and D-galactose influx and efflux rates in human erythrocytes were
      studied using infinite-cis and zero-trans assay methods. It was found that
      insulin decreased the infinite-cis Km for both D-glucose and D-galactose influx
      by 44 and 56%, respectively, while the Vmax was unchanged. The Km for D-glucose
      efflux in the presence of insulin decreased by 47% when compared to controls, and
      the change in Vmax was statistically insignificant. If insulin receptors were
      first down regulated, and then influx and efflux assays were performed, decreases
      in the infinite-cis and zero-trans Km values were also observed in the absence of
      exogenous insulin. These affinity changes were not due to persistent surface
      insulin receptor occupation by the insulin which was used to induce down
      regulation. These affinity changes were comparable to those observed in non-down
      regulated cells in the presence of insulin.

PMID- 6389535
TI  - Cloning and characterization of the alkA gene of Escherichia coli that encodes 3
      methyladenine DNA glycosylase II.
AB  - By in vitro recombination we have constructed hybrid plasmids which can suppress
      the increased methylmethane sulfonate sensitivity caused by the alkA1 mutation in
      Escherichia coli. Since the cloned DNA fragment was mapped at 44 to 45 min of the
      E. coli K12 genetic map, an area where the alkA gene is located, we conclude that
      the cloned DNA fragment contains the alkA gene itself but not other gene(s) that
      suppresses the alkA mutation. Specific labeling of plasmid-encoded proteins by
      the maxicell method revealed that the alkA codes for a polypeptide whose
      molecular weight is about 30,000. When cells harboring the alkA+ plasmids were
      grown in the presence of low doses of a simple alkylating agent (adapted
      condition), the activity of 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase II was increased. The
      enzyme activity was copurified with the Mr 30,000 polypeptide. These results
      indicate that the alkA gene codes for 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase II. Taking
      advantage of overproduction of the alkA protein in adapted cells that harbor
      multicopy plasmids carrying the alkA+ gene, 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase II
      has been purified to apparent physical homogeneity.

PMID- 6389534
TI  - The amino acid sequence of boar H1t, a testis-specific H1 histone variant.
AB  - H1t is a testis-specific H1 variant found in spermatocytes and spermatids of
      mammals. The complete amino acid sequence has been determined for H1t isolated
      from boar testes. The protein is composed of 211 amino acids with the composition
      3 aspartic acids, 6 asparagines, 13 threonines, 21 serines, 7 glutamic acids, 7
      glutamines, 15 prolines, 14 glycines, 37 alanines, 11 valines, 1 methionine, 3
      isoleucines, 14 leucines, 1 tyrosine, 1 phenylalanine, 42 lysines, 15 arginines
      and a calculated molecular weight of 22,059 disregarding the post-translational
      acetylation of the amino-terminal alanine. The protein shows typical H1 domains
      with basic amino- and carboxyl-terminal regions separated by a conserved,
      presumably globular, core sequence. The core region is very homologous to the
      highly conserved core sequence found in somatic mammalian H1 histones but does
      differ from this sequence in 15 places. Accordingly, it may be appropriate to
      consider H1t as new variant category. The carboxyl-terminal half of H1t is
      distinguished from the standard somatic family by being somewhat shorter and by
      the presence of 10 arginine residues. In contrast to many H1 proteins, the
      carboxyl-terminal region of H1t does not show an obvious pattern of peptide
      repeats.

PMID- 6389536
TI  - The influence of quaternary structure on the active site of an oligomeric enzyme.
      Catalytic subunit of aspartate transcarbamoylase.
AB  - The catalytic subunit of aspartate transcarbamoylase from Escherichia coli reacts
      readily with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonate, resulting in the loss of enzymatic
      activity. Substrates and substrate analogs protect the enzyme in a competitive
      manner, indicating that the loss of activity is due to modification of active
      site residues. This conclusion was confirmed by fractionating tryptic digests of
      the modified protein followed by the identification of active-site lysines 83 and
      84 as the modified residues. When three trinitrophenyl groups are incorporated
      per catalytic trimer, 70% of the activity is lost. The modified protein retains
      the sedimentation velocity and electrophoretic properties of the native catalytic
      subunit and can associate with regulatory subunit to form a holoenzyme-like
      molecule. The trinitrophenylated catalytic trimers have two strong absorption
      bands at 345 and 420 nm which serve as sensitive spectral probes in difference
      spectroscopy experiments. Results from such experiments show that 1) the modified
      trimeric enzyme binds active-site ligands; 2) dissociation of the trimer into
      compact, highly structured monomers gives a spectral response distinguishable
      from that observed when the chains are completely unfolded; and 3) even though
      dissociation of the trimers to folded monomers causes the complete loss of enzyme
      activity, the resulting monomers still retain the ability to bind the bisubstrate
      analog N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate. These results indicate that the active
      site must be at least partially formed in the absence of any quaternary
      structure.

PMID- 6389537
TI  - Messenger RNA guanylyltransferase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. I. Purification
      and subunit structure.
AB  - GTP:mRNA guanylyltransferase, an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of the GMP
      moiety from GTP to the 5' end of the RNA to form a cap structure (G(5')pppN-),
      has been purified to an apparent homogeneity from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The
      mRNA 5'-triphosphatase activity hydrolyzing the gamma-phosphoryl group from pppN
      RNA was co-purified with mRNA guanylyltransferase activity through column
      chromatographies on CM-Sephadex and poly(U)-Sepharose, and centrifugation through
      glycerol gradients, suggesting that these two activities are physically
      associated. An 820,w value of 7.3, and Mr = 140,000 were estimated from the
      sedimentation behavior in glycerol gradients. Upon sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, two major polypeptides, Mr = 45,000 (alpha)
      and 39,000 (beta), were detected with the purified enzyme preparation. Their
      molar ratios were close to unity when estimated by the relative density of silver
      staining. These results suggest that the yeast mRNA-capping enzyme is an
      oligomeric protein which may consist of two alpha and two beta chains (alpha 2
      beta 2).

PMID- 6389538
TI  - Functional biosynthesis of cell wall peptidoglycan by polymorphic bifunctional
      polypeptides. Penicillin-binding protein 1Bs of Escherichia coli with activities
      of transglycosylase and transpeptidase.
AB  - Dual enzyme activities for the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan of the cell wall are
      located in major higher molecular weight penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) of
      Escherichia coli. Each of these proteins catalyzes the two successive final
      reactions in the synthesis of cross-linked peptidoglycan from the precursor N
      acetylglucosaminyl-N-acetylmuramyl peptide linked to undecaprenol diphosphate;
      namely, the transglycosylation that extends the glycan chain and the penicillin
      sensitive DD-transpeptidation that cross-links the glycan chains through two
      peptide side chains. Both transglycosylation and transpeptidation catalyzed by
      PBP-1Bs represent de novo synthesis of cross-linked peptidoglycan. Under
      appropriate conditions, about 25% cross-linkage was observed during the reaction,
      the main reaction product supposedly being a regularly cross-linked network of
      peptidoglycan. The two domains for the transglycosylase and transpeptidase
      activities were found to be located on a 50-kDa portion of the PBP-1Bs, which are
      about 90 kDa. Gene recombination experiments indicated that the transglycosylase
      domain is located upstream, i.e. on the N-terminal side of the transpeptidase
      domain, suggesting that the gene for these bifunctional peptides may have been
      formed by fusion of the genes for transglycosylase and transpeptidase that were
      previously located separately on the chromosome in this order.

PMID- 6389539
TI  - Quantitation of the rapid electron donors to P700, the functional plastoquinone
      pool, and the ratio of the photosystems in spinach chloroplasts.
AB  - Recent studies of chloroplast architecture have emphasized the segregation of
      photosystem I and photosystem II in different regions of the lamellar membrane.
      The apparent localization of photosystem II reaction centers in regions of
      membrane appression and of photosystem I reaction centers in regions exposed to
      the chloroplast stroma has focused attention on the intervening electron
      carriers, carriers which must be present to catalyze electron transfer between
      such spatially separated reaction sites. Information regarding the
      stoichiometries of these intermediate carriers is essential to an understanding
      of the processes that work together to establish the mechanism and to determine
      the rate of the overall process. We have reinvestigated the numbers of
      photosystem I and photosystem II reaction centers, the numbers of intervening
      cytochrome b6/f complexes, and the numbers of molecules of the relatively mobile
      electron carriers plastoquinone and plastocyanin that are actively involved in
      electron transfer. Our investigations were based on a new experimental technique
      made possible by the use of a modified indophenol dye, methyl purple, the
      reduction of which provides a particularly sensitive and accurate measure of
      electron transfer. Using this dye, which accepts electrons exclusively from
      photosystem I, it was possible to drain electrons from each of the carriers.
      Thus, by manipulation of the redox condition of the various carriers and through
      the use of specific inhibitors we could measure the electron storage capacity of
      each carrier in turn. We conclude that the ratio of photosystem I reaction
      centers to cytochrome b6/f complexes to photosystem II reaction centers is very
      nearly 1:1:1. The pool of rapid donors of electrons to P700 includes not only the
      2 reducing equivalents stored in the cytochrome b6/f complex but also those
      stored in slightly more than 2 molecules of plastocyanin per P700. More slowly
      available are the electrons from about 6 plastoquinol molecules per P700.

PMID- 6389540
TI  - The branch point effect. Ultrasensitivity and subsensitivity to metabolic
      control.
AB  - The interdependence of the activities of branch point enzymes which compete for a
      common substrate can yield ultrasensitivity or subsensitivity to control, even if
      the competing enzymes follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The nature of this
      "branch point effect" for a particular system depends on the kinetic parameters
      of the competing enzymes, the rate of substrate production leading into the
      branch point and the type of regulatory mechanism involved. With physiologically
      reasonable parameter values, the branch point effect can give ultrasensitivity
      equivalent to an allosteric enzyme with a Hill coefficient of 8 or higher. An
      experimental example of this ultrasensitivity was provided by the branch point
      between isocitrate lyase (of the glyoxylate bypass) and isocitrate dehydrogenase
      in Escherichia coli. The glyoxylate bypass is very active during growth on
      acetate but its flux decreases by a factor of approximately 150 upon addition of
      glucose. This inhibition is brought about by two relatively modest events: a 4
      fold increase in the maximum velocity of isocitrate dehydrogenase and a factor of
      5.5 decrease in the rate of isocitrate production. The mechanism which underlies
      this sensitivity amplification is discussed.

PMID- 6389541
TI  - Effect of amino acid residues on conformational stability in eight mutant
      proteins variously substituted at a unique position of the tryptophan synthase
      alpha-subunit.
AB  - To elucidate the role of individual amino acid residues in stabilizing the
      conformation of a protein, the stabilities of wild-type tryptophan synthase alpha
      subunit from Escherichia coli and seven mutant proteins substituted by single
      amino acid residues at position 49, which is buried in the interior of the
      protein, were compared. The mutant proteins have Gln, Met, Val, Tyr, Leu, Ser, or
      Lys in place of Glu in the wild-type protein. The dissociation constant, pK, of
      the Glu residue at position 49 for the wild-type protein was determined to be 7.5
      from a titration curve obtained by comparison of two-dimensional isoelectric
      focusing electrophoresis of the wild-type and mutant proteins. Our results
      indicate that 1) the conformational stabilities of the proteins studied increase
      linearly with hydrophobicity of the substituting residues (except Tyr), with the
      coefficient of this linear dependence being 2.0, 3.4, or 1.3 at pH 5.5, 7.0, or
      9.0, respectively; and 2) Lys or Glu at position 49 serve as a destabilizing
      factor when ionized.

PMID- 6389542
TI  - Down-regulation and recycling of insulin receptors. Effect of monensin on IM-9
      lymphocytes and U-937 monocyte-like cells.
AB  - Receptor down-regulation is the result of various cellular processes including
      receptor internalization, new synthesis, and recycling. Monensin, a
      monocarboxylic acid ionophore, has been used to characterize the role of
      recycling in the metabolism of insulin receptors on two cultured human cell
      lines, U-937 and IM-9, which have different rates of internalization. The U-937
      monocyte-like cell internalizes insulin receptors readily. Incubation with
      monensin at low doses (10(-6) to 10(-7) M) for 2 h did not affect subsequent
      surface insulin binding. However, the drug markedly enhanced insulin-induced down
      regulation. Monensin had little effect on ligand internalization in this cell
      line as demonstrated by quantitative morphometric analysis. The IM-9 lymphocyte,
      a slow internalizer, was less sensitive to monensin exposure. Prolonged exposure
      (12 h) to this compound of either cell line resulted in apparent inhibition of
      insertion into the surface membrane of both newly synthesized and recycled
      receptors. When solubilization was used to quantitate total cell receptors, there
      was essentially no difference in intact cell binding (i.e. surface receptors) and
      total cell binding in IM-9 cells when insulin-induced down regulation alone was
      compared to insulin and monensin. By contrast for the U-937 cells there was only
      a small further decrease in binding when monensin was added to insulin in the
      solubilized cells compared to the marked augmentation of down-regulation when
      monensin was added to insulin in intact cells. These data demonstrate that cells
      with a rapid internalization rate have an associated active recycling process. By
      contrast cells with a slow internalization rate have a similarly slow recycling
      rate. This is consistent with relatively equal rates of receptor biosynthesis and
      plasma membrane insertion in both cell types.

PMID- 6389543
TI  - The rabbit progesterone receptor. Evidence for a single steroid-binding subunit
      and characterization of receptor mRNA.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies were used to study the structure and the biosynthesis of
      the rabbit progesterone receptor. Proteins in nonfractionated uterine cytosol
      were submitted to gel electrophoresis in denaturing conditions, transferred onto
      nitrocellulose, and reacted with monoclonal antireceptor antibodies and 125I
      protein A. A single 110,000-dalton protein was observed when precautions were
      taken during homogenization of the uteri and protease inhibitors used. Smaller
      forms of receptor (essentially of 79,000 daltons but also of 72,000 and in some
      experiments of 64,000 daltons) were present when these precautions were not
      observed and thus probably arose from artifactual proteolysis of receptor. When
      poly(A)+ RNA from rabbit uterus was translated in a reticulocyte lysate and the
      radioactive proteins precipitated by the antireceptor monoclonal antibodies, a
      radioactive protein of 110,000 daltons was also observed. Further evidence that
      this protein was the product of the translation of progesterone receptor mRNA was
      obtained by precipitation and immunoaffinity purification with several
      antireceptor monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, inhibition of
      immunoprecipitation by purified receptor and its absence in a receptor-poor
      tissue (liver). Estrogen treatment is known to increase the concentration of
      progesterone receptor. RNA translation experiments showed that this effect is due
      to an increase in the concentration of receptor mRNA. The size of this messenger
      RNA was studied by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation, followed by mRNA
      translation, and specific immunoprecipitation: progesterone receptor mRNA was
      found by this method to sediment at 20 S.

PMID- 6389544
TI  - Decreased autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor-kinase in streptozotocin
      diabetic rats.
AB  - It has been documented that streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats is associated
      with diminished effects of insulin despite increased insulin binding to its
      receptor. This paradox led us to examine whether any alterations of insulin
      receptor-kinase activities occur in this type of insulin resistance. Insulin
      binding capacity/mg of protein of solubilized, wheat germ agglutinin-purified
      preparations from livers was increased by 1.8-fold in the streptozotocin (65
      mg/kg) diabetic rats. This increase was associated with a parallel increase in
      receptor protein as measured by an immunoblotting method using anti-insulin
      receptor antibody. Moreover, no apparent change was observed in the stoichiometry
      of alpha and beta subunits of the insulin receptor between diabetic and control
      rats. Insulin-stimulated (10(-7) M) phosphorylation of the beta subunit of the
      insulin receptor was decreased by 40% in diabetic rats when equal quantities of
      insulin binding capacity were compared. Phosphorylation of an exogenously added
      synthetic peptide (similar in sequence to the tyrosine phosphorylation site in
      pp60src) by the insulin receptor-kinase was also decreased by 25% in diabetic
      rats. These abnormalities were partially restored by in vivo insulin treatment.
      These data suggest that diminished insulin receptor autophosphorylation and
      kinase activity could provide a possible mechanism for the "post-binding insulin
      resistance" in diabetic rats.

PMID- 6389545
TI  - Cloning of the methionine regulatory gene, metJ, of Escherichia coli K12 and
      identification of its product.
AB  - Both wild-type and mutant forms of the methionine regulatory gene, metJ, of
      Escherichia coli K12 have been cloned in derivatives of pBR322. In cells carrying
      plasmids with a functional copy of metJ, the methionine regulon appears to be
      repressed even under conditions of methionine limitation. Maxicell labeling
      experiments show that the plasmids code for a small peptide (12 kilodaltons) only
      when they carry a functional copy of metJ. The lesions in five independently
      isolated metJ mutants are located in, or slightly upstream from, a coding
      sequence proposed to be metJ by Saint-Girons, I., Duchange, N., Cohen, G. N., and
      Zakin, M. M. [1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 14282-14285).

PMID- 6389546
TI  - Identification of an altered elongation factor in temperature-sensitive mutant ts
      7'-14 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Postpolysomal extracts from wild-type (wt A364A) and temperature-sensitive (ts 7'
      14) yeast cells were preincubated for short periods of time at the nonpermissive
      temperature (37-41 degrees C) prior to incubations for protein synthesis at 20
      degrees C. Whereas wt A364A extracts were relatively unaffected by preincubation
      at the elevated temperature, mutant extracts lost their ability to translate
      exogenous natural mRNA and poly(U). Phe-tRNA synthetase and ribosomes from ts 7'
      14 cells were not inactivated by preincubation at 37-41 degrees C, but a
      cytosolic component required for chain elongation, as measured by poly(U)
      translation, was extensively inactivated. The three elongation factors (EF-1, EF
      2, and EF-3) required for chain elongation in yeast were resolved
      chromatographically. Only one factor, EF-3, was able to restore the poly(U)
      translational activity of mutant extracts inactivated at the elevated
      temperature. Heat-inactivated yeast cytosols, which did not support protein
      synthesis with yeast ribosomes, were perfectly able to translate poly(U) with rat
      liver ribosomes, which require only EF-1 and EF-2. These and other experiments
      indicated that the genetically altered component in 7'-14 mutant cells is EF-3.

PMID- 6389547
TI  - Enkephalinase from rat kidney. Purification, characterization, and study of
      substrate specificity.
AB  - "Enkephalinase," a membrane-bound peptidase hydrolyzing the Gly3-Phe4 amide bond
      of enkephalins, initially characterized in brain, was purified from a rat kidney
      microsomal fraction. After differential solubilization with Triton X-100, the use
      of DEAE-Sephadex, concanavalin A, and hydroxylapatite chromatography led to a
      2000-fold purification, close to homogeneity. Renal enkephalinase appears to be a
      glycoprotein Mr = 92,000-95,000 with catalytic properties and sensitivity to
      chelating agents and inhibitors (Thiorphan, phosphoramidon) very similar to those
      of the cerebral enzyme. The enzyme co-purified until the final step with "renal
      brush-border neutral proteinase" (EC 3.4.24.11) activity assayed with 125I
      insulin B chain as substrate and displaying similar sensitivity to inhibitors.
      The specificity of the purified enkephalinase has been studied using either
      peptides derived from the enkephalins or model peptides of general formula (Ala)m
      Tyr-(Ala)n as substrates. In all cases the bond cleaved was that involving the
      amino group of an aromatic residue, specificity being also defined by the nature
      of the neighboring residue on the COOH-terminal side. A free carboxyl in the
      latter residue was essential in the two series of substrates, indicating that
      enkephalinase more efficiently functions as a dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase than as
      an endopeptidase.

PMID- 6389548
TI  - Evidence that changes in hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase
      activity are required partly to maintain a constant rate of sterol synthesis.
AB  - The effects of insulin, glucagon, pyruvate, and lactate on the rate of sterol
      synthesis and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase activity were
      determined in hepatocytes obtained at different times of the day from rats
      maintained on a controlled lighting and feeding schedule. In hepatocytes from
      animals killed immediately before the start of the feeding period (D0
      hepatocytes), the initially low activity of HMG-CoA reductase increased during
      incubation while that in hepatocytes prepared 6 h later (D6 hepatocytes) remained
      constantly high. The rates of sterol synthesis followed similar patterns of
      change. In both D0 and D6 cells, insulin stimulated HMG-CoA reductase but had
      little or no effect on the rates of sterol synthesis. In both types of cell
      preparation glucagon maximally suppressed HMG-CoA reductase activity at a
      concentration of 10(-7) M, but there was relatively little change in the rates of
      sterol synthesis. Both pyruvate and lactate mitigated the glucagon-mediated
      inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase. Each of these lipogenic precursors alone
      suppressed the rate of sterol synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. These changes
      were more apparent in the simultaneous presence of insulin and were greater in
      the D0 compared to the D6 hepatocytes. In the presence of lactate or pyruvate,
      the activity of HMG-CoA reductase was elevated, and the increase was greater when
      insulin was simultaneously present. In general, changes in the rate of fatty acid
      synthesis were positively correlated with changes in the activity of HMG-CoA
      reductase. These observations suggest that the latter changes are required to
      compensate for variations in the availability of simple precursors for sterol
      synthesis.

PMID- 6389549
TI  - Extensive purification and characterization of chromatin-bound histone
      acetyltransferase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - A strong correlation has been established between reversible acetylation of
      histones and transcriptional activation of chromatin. However, the function of
      histone acetylation remains unknown. We have approached this question by
      purifying histone acetyltransferase 15,000-fold from yeast and characterizing it
      enzymatically. Biochemical properties, including the pH and temperature optima
      and the Michaelis-Menten constants for both acetyl coenzyme A and histones, are
      similar to those reported for histone acetyltransferases from higher eukaryotes.
      Yeast histone acetyltransferase has a native molecular weight of 110,000 as
      determined by gel filtration and is tightly bound to chromatin. It displays high
      substrate specificity for histones. It acetylates all four core histones in the
      order: H4 greater than H2B greater than H2A. 10-fold higher histone
      acetyltransferase activity is observed for free histones when compared to yeast
      polynucleosomes as a substrate.

PMID- 6389550
TI  - Asymmetric reconstitution of homogeneous Escherichia coli sn-glycerol-3-phosphate
      acyltransferase into phospholipid vesicles.
AB  - The sn-glycerol-3-phosphate (glycerol-P) acyltransferase of Escherichia coli
      cytoplasmic membrane was purified in Triton X-100 (Green, P. R., Merrill, A. H.,
      Jr., and Bell, R. M. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 11151-11159) and incorporated
      into mixed micelles containing Triton X-100, phosphatidylethanolamine,
      phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin, and beta-octyl glucoside. Enzyme activity was
      quantitatively reconstituted from the mixed micelle into single-walled
      phospholipid vesicles by chromatography over Sephadex G-50. Activity coeluted
      with vesicles of 90-nm average diameter on columns of Sepharose CL-4B and
      Sephacryl S-1000. These vesicles contained less than 2 Triton X-100 and 5 beta
      octyl glucoside molecules/100 phospholipid molecules. Calculations suggested that
      up to eight 91,260-dalton glycerol-P acyltransferase polypeptides were
      incorporated per 90-nm vesicle. The pH dependence and apparent Km values for
      glycerol-P and palmitoyl-CoA of the glycerol-P acyltransferase reconstituted into
      vesicles were similar to those observed upon reconstitution by mixing of the
      enzyme in Triton X-100 with a 20-fold molar excess of sonicated
      phosphatidylethanolamine:phosphatidylglycerol:cardiolipin, 6:1:1. The integrity
      of vesicles containing glycerol-P acyltransferase was established by trapping
      5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid). Chymotrypsin inactivated greater than 95%
      of the glycerol-P acyltransferase in intact vesicles and cleaved the 91,260
      dalton polypeptide into several vesicle-bound and several released peptides,
      indicating that critical domains of the enzyme are accessible in intact vesicles.
      Trinitrobenzene sulfonate and 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonic acid stilbene
      caused greater than 90% loss of glycerol-P acyltransferase in vesicles.
      Disruption of vesicles with Triton X-100 did not reveal significant latent
      activity. These data strongly suggest that the glycerol-P acyltransferase was
      reconstituted asymmetrically into the vesicles with its active site facing
      outward.

PMID- 6389551
TI  - Two isoenzymes of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in Caenorhabditis
      elegans. Isolation, properties, and immunochemical characterization.
AB  - Two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases have been separated and purified
      from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. As defined by starch gel
      electrophoresis, the faster-migrating isoenzyme, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase-2, increases its activity during postembryonic development. In
      contrast, the slower-migrating isoenzyme, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase-1, is enriched in isolated embryos. Both isoenzymes were initially
      purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration, and NAD+-agarose
      affinity chromatography. The separation of both isoenzymes as well as their
      purification to homogeneity was obtained by preparative chromatofocusing. The
      subunit molecular weight of each isoenzyme is 38,500 +/- 500. A tetrameric native
      molecular weight of 157,000 +/- 2000 was determined for glyceraldehyde-3
      phosphate dehydrogenase-2. Monospecific rabbit polyclonal antibodies were
      initially raised against the major isoenzyme and subsequently used to
      characterize both isoenzymes. Staphylococcus aureas V8 protease digests of each
      isoenzyme were separated electrophoretically and stained immunochemically,
      providing evidence that the two isoenzymes differed in their amino acid
      sequences. Developmental immunocytochemical studies suggest that the embryonic
      enriched isoenzyme, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-1, is present in all
      cells. The second isoenzyme, exhibiting the major activity during postembryonic
      larval development, may define a body-wall-muscle specific activity which is
      located within the actin-containing I and A zones of the nematode's sarcomeres.

PMID- 6389552
TI  - Mercurial-promoted Zn2+ release from Escherichia coli aspartate
      transcarbamoylase.
AB  - The release of Zn2+ from aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase; c6r6) upon
      challenge by p-hydroxymercuriphenylsulfonate (PMPS) has been studied using the
      sensitive, high-affinity metallochromic indicator 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol at
      pH 7.0. When the--SH group of each catalytic (c) chain is protected, 1 Zn2+ is
      released for every 4 eq of PMPS added to ATCase during titration of the 24--SH
      groups of regulatory (r) chains. Moreover, the release of Zn2+ is a linear
      function of PMPS added, indicating that the rate-limiting step in Zn2+ release is
      mercurial attack on the 1st of the 4 r--SH groups bonded tetrahedrally to Zn2+ in
      an r chain near c:r contacts. Dissociation of ATCase is linked to Zn2+ release
      and mercaptide formation; e.g. upon addition of 4 eq of PMPS to ATCase in 4-(2
      hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (Hepes) buffer, 1/6th of ATCase is
      dissociated to c3 and r2 subunits at approximately 83% of the rate of Zn2+
      release, with no accumulation of the c6r4 intermediate as is observed in KPO4
      buffer. Adding less than or equal to 4 PMPS/ATCase, the release of Zn2+ is first
      order in [PMPS] and is virtually independent of [ATCase] with an activation
      energy of 18 kcal/mol. With large excesses of PMPS, stopped-flow traces show a
      lag period followed by pseudo first-order release of Zn2+ from ATCase and the
      reaction order in [PMPS] = approximately 1.3. Under these conditions, PMPS has a
      chaotropic effect on ATCase; the activation energy for Zn2+ release is much lower
      than that obtained with limiting PMPS and is increased by the presence of
      phosphate or active-site ligand from 6.6 to approximately 12 kcal/mol. A
      reasonable explanation of the observed kinetic data is that the organomercurial
      reagent binds reversibly to nitrogenous side chain groups in an ATCase molecule
      prior to the rate-limiting reaction with a sulfhydryl group.

PMID- 6389553
TI  - Synthesis and utilization of 8-azidoguanosine 3'-phosphate 5'-[5'-32P]phosphate.
      Photoaffinity studies on cytosolic proteins of Escherichia coli.
AB  - A family of guanosine 3',5'-phosphorylated nucleotides have been postulated to
      have pleiotypic regulatory properties in prokaryotes during the stringent
      response. To study proteins which may interact with nucleotides of this
      homologous series, a photoactive analog of guanosine 3',5'-diphosphate has been
      synthesized. The analog, 8-azidoguanosine 3'-phosphate 5'-[5'-32P]phosphate,
      proved to be an effective photoaffinity probe for two nucleotide-binding proteins
      of Escherichia coli sonicates. It predominately photolabels two proteins with
      approximate molecular weights of 86,000 and 65,000 (p86 and p65, respectively).
      The Kd for p65 was approximately 10 microM; that for p86 was not determined. The
      nucleotide-binding sites were characterized by photolabeling in the presence of
      various nucleotides. The nucleotides guanosine 3',5'-dipyrophosphate, guanosine
      3'-monophosphate 5'-diphosphate, and GTP were most effective at decreasing
      photoincorporation into p86; guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-monophosphate was least
      effective, with guanosine 3',5'-diphosphate and GMP having an intermediate
      effect. ATP increased photolabeling of p86. However, ATP was one of the best of
      the nucleotides studied at decreasing photolabeling of p65, although guanosine 3'
      monophosphate 5'-diphosphate, guanosine 3',5'-diphosphate, and GMP appeared only
      slightly less effective. The relative lack of effectiveness of guanosine 3'
      diphosphate 5'-monophosphate inhibiting photolabeling of either protein supports
      observations that this nucleotide does not have a regulatory role in E. coli. The
      results presented indicate that the 8-azidoguanosine analogs of this homologous
      series will prove to be effective probes for studying the protein-nucleotide
      interactions involved in the stringent response.

PMID- 6389555
TI  - Primary aspergillosis of the spine mimicking Pott's paraplegia.

PMID- 6389554
TI  - The infected hip after total hip arthroplasty.
AB  - We studied the cases of fifty-two patients with an infection at the site of a
      prosthetic total hip replacement, and are reporting the significant clinical
      features, infecting organisms, methods of treatment, and results at long-term
      follow-up. Forty-eight per cent of the hips had had an operation prior to the
      index arthroplasty, and 42 per cent had a wound complication. All patients had
      pain in the infected hip, but only 54 per cent had an erythrocyte sedimentation
      rate of more than thirty millimeters per hour, 44 per cent had fever, and 15 per
      cent had leukocytosis. In 88 per cent of the patients a single organism was grown
      on culture, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and
      Escherichia coli were present in about 75 per cent. When antibiotic therapy alone
      was the initial treatment, the infection was eradicated in only one patient.
      Excisional arthroplasty was the definitive surgical procedure in thirty-three
      patients and the infection was eradicated in twenty-seven of them, but the
      clinical result was satisfactory in only twenty. Of ten patients who had a true
      Girdlestone arthroplasty, none had recurrence of the infection and all had a
      clinically satisfactory outcome.

PMID- 6389556
TI  - The management of the infected endoprosthesis.

PMID- 6389557
TI  - Talectomy for arthrogryposis multiplex congenita.
AB  - Eighteen patients (34 feet) with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita treated by
      talectomy for rigid equinovarus deformity were reviewed. The average follow-up
      was 11 years. Twenty-four feet (71%) were considered satisfactory; the remainder
      were improved. Seven feet required further operations to correct recurrence of
      the deformity, but finally all could be fitted with boots or shoes and all
      patients could walk. The history of talectomy is reviewed and the operative
      details described.

PMID- 6389558
TI  - Functional cast-bracing for Colles' fractures. A comparison between cast-bracing
      and conventional plaster casts.
AB  - The use of Orthoplast cast-bracing to allow early hand function in the treatment
      of displaced Colles' fractures was investigated in 243 patients. They were
      randomly allocated into three groups: in the first a conventional Colles' type
      plaster was used; in the second an above-elbow cast-brace with the forearm in
      supination; and in the third a below-elbow cast-brace. Radiographic measurements
      were made at each stage of treatment, and the final anatomical result was scored
      using Sarmiento's (1975) criteria. Function was assessed at three months and at
      six months. The anatomical result was not influenced by the method of
      immobilisation but was related to the efficacy of reduction. Loss of position in
      the braces was no greater than in plaster. The functional result at three months
      also was uninfluenced by the method of immobilisation; it was, however, related
      to the severity of the initial displacement, and (to a lesser degree) to the
      anatomical result, an effect which was lost at six months. Early hand function
      and the supinated position advocated by Sarmiento were found to confer no
      anatomical or functional advantage; we could see no reason to change from the use
      of conventional plaster casts in the treatment of uncomplicated Colles'
      fractures.

PMID- 6389559
TI  - Keller's arthroplasty: is distraction useful? A prospective trial.
AB  - There are many operations for hallux valgus and hallux rigidus, but Keller's
      operation remains one of the most popular, particularly for the older patient. A
      prospective trial was carried out to compare the results of Keller's operation
      modified by Kirschner-wire distraction with those of the standard operation. The
      results suggest that there is no advantage in using temporary Kirschner-wire
      distraction; indeed, degenerative changes in the interphalangeal joint and a
      subjectively worse result may result from its use.

PMID- 6389560
TI  - Electron beam dosimetry study of the digits in total body surface irradiation.
AB  - Total body surface electron beam therapy has been used for treatment of patients
      with mycosis fungoides. Using a 3 MeV electron beam, four fields and a moving
      couch technique, it was noted that patients developed marked erythema of the
      hands with bullous reaction along the lateral aspects of their fingers.
      Cylindrical phantoms were devised to study thermoluminescent dosimetry of the
      digits in electron beam therapy. At the lateral surface, dosage as high as 154%
      of the nominal dose was noted. However, dosage at 3 mm from the periphery was
      more homogeneous. To exploit the more even dosage at depth, the dosimetry study
      was repeated with a layer of 2 mm Uvex covering the phantom digits. The variation
      in surface dose was much reduced without jeopardizing the dose at depth. Uvex
      hand moulds of 2 mm thickness were constructed for patients on total body surface
      electron treatment with similar reduction of the much enhanced dose at the
      lateral borders of the digits.

PMID- 6389561
TI  - Urinary tract infection in children. A reappraisal of its radiologic
      investigation.
AB  - In a prospective study, 100 children with either an acute or a previous history
      of urinary tract infection were investigated by intravenous urography,
      micturition cystourethrography, and ultrasonography. The results from the three
      diagnostic modalities were compared: The urinary tracts in 59 patients were
      normal, and revealed some abnormality in 41. Ultrasonography proved to be
      superior to intravenous urography in outlining renal contours and in detecting
      subtle cortical changes secondary to urinary tract infection (such as slight
      increases in cortical thickness and edema or cortical scarring). The mucosa of
      the renal pelvis and bladder was more easily assessed by ultrasound than by
      intravenous urography. Both modalities were "equally" accurate in detecting
      important congenital malformations of the urinary tract. Ultrasound failed to
      detect 24 of 28 ureters demonstrating reflux on voiding cystourethrography. We
      propose that carefully performed abdominal ultrasonography can replace
      intravenous urography in the initial investigation of urinary tract infection in
      children. It should be done in association with a radiographic or radionuclide
      voiding cystogram. Intravenous urography would then become a complementary
      examination for abnormal or problematic patients.

PMID- 6389562
TI  - [Echography of pyloric stenosis].
AB  - In order to assess the accuracy of ultrasonographic (US) criteria for the
      diagnosis of pyloric stenosis (PS), the record of 78 infants admitted to Hopital
      Sainte-Justine with the clinical diagnosis of PS during the past year was
      reviewed. Fifty-eight patients had PS at laparatomy. Thirty-four of these had US
      with 30 true positives and four "doubtful" findings. Twenty-two had normal US.
      Two of these had PS, nine gastroesophageal reflux and five normal barium studies
      of the upper gastrointestinal tract (the last six were followed clinically and
      remained well). The following were criteria for US diagnosis of PS: pyloric
      anteroposterior diameter greater than or equal to 1.5 cm, length greater than or
      equal to 2 cm or a muscle thickness greater than or equal to 4 mm. This series
      contains no false positive US studies and two false negatives, for a positive
      predictive accuracy of 94% and a negative predictive accuracy of 100% when we
      measure the length greater than or equal to 2 cm or combine a length of less than
      or equal to 2 cm with a muscle thickness greater than or equal to 4 mm.

PMID- 6389563
TI  - Psoas disease causing a characteristic change in the ultrasonographic appearance
      of the psoas compartment.
AB  - Twenty patients with ultrasonographic evidence of disease involving the psoas
      compartment were analysed retrospectively. The abnormality found was a mass
      lesion in the psoas muscle with increased or decreased echogenicity and a
      characteristic loss of the normal appearance of striated homogeneous bundles.
      Those examined included eight patients with abscesses, six with hematomas and six
      with tumor infiltration. All the abscesses were echopoor and showed absence of
      the normal appearance of the muscle. Such findings are non-specific because of
      the similar appearance of non-organized hematomas or lymphomatous infiltration.
      Organized hematomas and primary retroperitoneal tumors were echogenic but with
      loss of the normal appearance. Ultrasound guided needle aspiration is sometimes
      necessary to complete the diagnosis and may be a definitive strategy. We
      recommend ultrasonography for use in detecting psoas disease when appropriate
      clinical signs are present.

PMID- 6389564
TI  - Sonographic features of hepatic amebiasis in childhood.
AB  - We report the ultrasonographic features of hepatic amebiasis in six children. The
      spectrum of change ranges from a typical abscess to early "hepatitis."
      Ultrasonography is the primary imaging modality in patients suspected of having
      this disease and is excellent in localizing disease. This is important in terms
      of abscess drainage and in recognizing complications such as diaphragmatic
      perforation and empyema.

PMID- 6389565
TI  - Ultrasonographically indeterminate renal parapelvic masses.
AB  - Ultrasonography is excellent in the evaluation of renal masses. Simple cysts can
      be distinguished from more complex or solid renal masses. Rarely, sonographic
      examination cannot be used to categorize renal masses, particularly those that
      are small and in a parapelvic location. We report six patients having
      sonographically indeterminate parapelvic masses. Subsequent computed tomographic
      examination demonstrated each of these masses to be a parapelvic cyst. Failure to
      make an ultrasonographic diagnosis was thought to be due to their parapelvic
      location. Complex interactions between cyst and normal renal sinus structures
      caused alteration and distortion of the anatomy of both, making exact diagnosis
      difficult. Computed tomography can be used to define the anatomy precisely and
      provide the correct diagnosis.

PMID- 6389566
TI  - Managed reduction of unnecessary skull radiography.
AB  - A program to reduce unnecessary skull radiography for trauma was instituted in a
      teaching hospital in 1970 and eventually proved successful. In 1970, 2 976 skull
      examinations were made for all purposes and this fell to 791 examinations in
      1983. A similar reduction occurred concurrently in the other university teaching
      hospital departments without the formal program. Only recently has this trend
      begun in urban hospitals and there is still no change in rural hospitals and
      urban private radiology offices. The reasons for the decline are attempts to
      moderate radiation dose, cost containment, clinical use of high yield criteria,
      and early employment of computed tomography head scanning for trauma. The savings
      in skull radiography match the related costs of computed tomography with improved
      patient care.

PMID- 6389567
TI  - The diameter of the distal abdominal aorta and the aetiology of local atheroma.
AB  - In our patients it was found that small sized prostheses were usually implanted
      to replace obliterated aortic bifurcations. Consequently, the question was
      considered whether the haemodynamic processes involved in the lysis of the aortic
      wall at the bifurcation and in the succeeding atherosclerotic lesions were
      related to the small diameter of the aorta in these cases. In an extensive
      angiographic and ultrasonic study on men without atherosclerotic lesions, the
      diameter of the abdominal aorta was determined (control group). Aortic diameter
      appears to depend on age as well as body length. We also found a difference
      between the average diameters for women and for men. Of our patients who were
      operated on, over 35% had an aortic diameter below the 95% population lower
      boundary line of the control group, while for over 90%, the diameter was below
      the average of the control group. On analysis of our data the explanation for the
      aetiology of atheromatosis at the aortic bifurcation must be much more
      complicated than current hemodynamic theories suggest.

PMID- 6389568
TI  - Growth of neurites without filopodial or lamellipodial activity in the presence
      of cytochalasin B.
AB  - To examine the role in neurite growth of actin-mediated tensions within growth
      cones, we cultured chick embryo dorsal root ganglion cells on various substrata
      in the presence of cytochalasin B. Time-lapse video recording was used to monitor
      behaviors of living cells, and cytoskeletal arrangements in neurites were
      assessed via immunofluorescence and electron microscopic observations of thin
      sections and whole, detergent-extracted cells decorated with the S1 fragment of
      myosin. On highly adhesive substrata, nerve cells were observed to extend
      numerous (though peculiarly oriented) neurites in the presence of cytochalasin,
      despite their lack of both filopodia and lamellipodia or the orderly actin
      networks characteristic of typical growth cones. We concluded that growth cone
      activity is not necessary for neurite elongation, although actin arrays seem
      important in mediating characteristics of substratum selectivity and neurite
      shape.

PMID- 6389569
TI  - Improved fixation for immunofluorescence microscopy using light-activated 1,3,5
      triazido-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TTB).
AB  - A new fixation method has been developed for immunofluorescent microscopy using
      the photosensitive compound 1,3,5-triazido-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TTB). Our
      results show that TTB-fixed cells are well preserved morphologically and that the
      cellular antigens are better preserved than conventionally fixed cells. By
      altering one condition at a time in the TTB fixation procedure and analyzing
      resulting fluorescent antitubulin staining patterns in mammalian tissue culture
      cells, an optimal procedure was developed. Cells fixed with TTB and stained with
      antitubulin, antiprekeratin, anti-intermediate filament, anti-alpha-actinin, anti
      myosin, antiactin, or anticlathrin were compared with cells fixed by conventional
      methods and stained with the same antibody. The quality of immunofluorescence
      images of TTB fixed cells was the same as or better than that of conventionally
      fixed cells. The most dramatic improvement in image quality was seen when using
      antiprekeratin or antitubulin. In dividing cells, particularly in metaphase,
      fluorescent staining with antiactin and anti-alpha-actinin was relatively
      excluded from the spindle. Antimyosin, on the other hand, stained the spindle and
      surrounding area more heavily than the subcortical region. We suggest that after
      TTB fixation, the immunofluorescent patterns of these contractile proteins more
      closely reflect their relative concentrations in living cells. The exact
      mechanism for fixation by TTB is not yet known. However, our studies indicated
      that TTB fixation was not caused by the typical fast photoinduced nitrene
      diradical mechanism, but rather by some slower, temperature-dependent reaction of
      a photoactivation product of TTB with the cell.

PMID- 6389570
TI  - An extracellular retinol-binding glycoprotein in the eyes of mutant rats with
      retinal dystrophy: development, localization, and biosynthesis.
AB  - Interstitial retinol-binding protein (IRBP) is a soluble glycoprotein in the
      interphotoreceptor matrix of bovine, human, monkey, and rat eyes. It may
      transport retinol between the retinal pigment epithelium and the neural retina.
      In light-reared Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) and RCS retinal dystrophy gene
      (rdy)+ rats, the amount of IRBP in the interphotoreceptor matrix increased in
      corresponding proportion to the amount of total rhodopsin through postnatal day
      22 (P22). In the RCS-rdy+ rats, the amount increased slightly after P23. However,
      in the RCS rats there was a rapid fall in the quantity of IRBP as the
      photoreceptors degenerated between P23 and P29. No IRBP was detected by
      immunocytochemistry in rats at P28. The amount of rhodopsin fell more slowly.
      Although retinas from young RCS and RCS-rdy+ rats were able to synthesize and
      secrete IRBP, this ability was lost in retinas from older RCS rats (P51, P88) but
      not their congenic controls. The photoreceptor cells have degenerated at these
      ages in the RCS animals, and may therefore be the retinal cells responsible for
      IRBP synthesis. The putative function of IRBP in the extracellular transport of
      retinoids during the visual cycle is consistent with a defect in retinol
      transport in the RCS rat reported by others.

PMID- 6389571
TI  - Cellular origin of fibronectin in interspecies hybrid kidneys.
AB  - The cellular origin of fibronectin in the kidney was studied in three
      experimental models. Immunohistochemical techniques that use cross-reacting or
      species-specific antibodies against mouse or chicken fibronectin were employed.
      In the first model studied, initially avascular mouse kidneys cultured on avian
      chorioallantoic membranes differentiate into epithelial kidney tubules and become
      vascularized by chorioallantoic vessels. Subsequently, hybrid glomeruli composed
      of mouse podocytes and avian endothelial-mesangial cells form. In
      immunohistochemical studies, cross-reacting antibodies to fibronectin stained
      vascular walls, tubular basement membranes, interstitium, and glomeruli of mouse
      kidney grafts. The species-specific antibodies reacting only with mouse
      fibronectin stained interstitial areas and tubular basement membranes, but showed
      no reaction with hybrid glomeruli and avian vascular walls. In contrast, species
      specific antibodies against chicken fibronectin stained both the interstitial
      areas and the vascular walls as well as the endothelial-mesangial areas of the
      hybrid glomeruli, but did not stain the mouse-derived epithelial structures of
      the kidneys. In the second model, embryonic kidneys cultured under avascular
      conditions in vitro develop glomerular tufts, which are devoid of endothelial
      cells. These explants showed fluorescence staining for fibronectin only in
      tubular basement membranes and in interstitium. The avascular, purely epithelial
      glomerular bodies remained unstained. Finally, in outgrowths of separated
      embryonic glomeruli, the cross-reacting fibronectin antibodies revealed two
      populations of cells: one devoid of fibronectin and another expressing
      fibronectin in strong fibrillar and granular patterns. These results favor the
      idea that the main endogenous cellular sources for fibronectin in the embryonic
      kidney are the interstitial and vascular cells. All experiments presented here
      suggest that fibronectin is not synthesized by glomerular epithelial cells in
      vivo.

PMID- 6389572
TI  - Nonconverted, amino acid analog-modified proinsulin stays in a Golgi-derived
      clathrin-coated membrane compartment.
AB  - The secretion of insulin by the pancreatic B-cell involves a passage of the newly
      synthetized (pro)insulin polypeptides across the Golgi apparatus, at the trans
      pole of which secretory proteins are released as a population of secretory
      granules characterized by a clathrinlike coat on segments of their limiting
      membrane. When the conversion of radiolabeled proinsulin to insulin was inhibited
      by replacing arginine and lysine with the aminoacid analogs, canavanine and
      thialysine, the nonconverted radioactive material remained associated with Golgi
      derived, coated secretory granules. The coat was characterized as clathrin
      containing by immunocytochemistry. Under analog treatment, the noncoated, storage
      secretory granules did not become markedly labeled during the pulse-chase
      experiment. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that in normal
      conditions, the maturation of the coated compartment into noncoated granules is
      linked to the effective conversion of the prohormone.

PMID- 6389574
TI  - Fluid-phase endocytosis by isolated rat adipocytes.
AB  - We have developed an assay, which uses radiolabeled sucrose as the marker, to
      measure the rate of fluid-phase endocytosis in isolated rat adipocytes. In
      addition, the assay was adapted to allow measurement of the release of sucrose
      from previously loaded cells (fluid-phase exocytosis). Adipocytes take up sucrose
      at an approximately linear rate for at least 1.5 hours. A portion of the
      pinocytosed sucrose is rapidly (half-time about 20 minutes) returned to the
      medium. The minimal value for fluid uptake by endocytosis is 57 nl/10(6) cells-h
      at 37 degrees C; this value corresponds to the formation of 110,000 endocytic
      vesicles of 100-nm diameter per cell per hour and the internalization of about
      20% of the plasma membrane per hour. Insulin caused a small and variable increase
      in the rate of sucrose uptake. The average increase of 31% from 11 experiments is
      statistically significant at the level of P less than 0.01. A small insulin
      effect upon the uptake of the calcium complex of [14C]EDTA was also observed.
      Since this complex was taken up at 2.5 times the rate of sucrose, it probably
      entered by a combination of fluid-phase and adsorptive pinocytosis. Insulin did
      not elicit a significant change in the rate of sucrose release from preloaded
      cells.

PMID- 6389573
TI  - Differential expression and distribution of chicken skeletal- and smooth-muscle
      type alpha-actinins during myogenesis in culture.
AB  - Antibodies to chicken fast skeletal muscle (pectoralis) alpha-actinin and to
      smooth muscle (gizzard) alpha-actinin were absorbed with opposite antigens by
      affinity chromatography, and four antibody fractions were thus obtained: common
      antibodies reactive with both pectoralis and gizzard alpha-actinins ([C]anti-P
      alpha-An and [C]anti-G alpha-An), antibody specifically reactive with pectoralis
      alpha-actinin ([S]anti-P alpha-An), and antibody specifically reactive with
      gizzard alpha-actinin ([S]anti-G alpha-An). In indirect immunofluorescence
      microscopy, (C)anti-P alpha-An, (S)anti-P alpha-An, and (C)anti-G alpha-An
      stained Z bands of skeletal muscle myofibrils, whereas (S)anti-G alpha-An did
      not. Although (S)anti-G alpha-An and two common antibodies stained smooth muscle
      cells, (S)anti-P alpha-An did not. We used (S)anti-P alpha-An and (S)anti-G alpha
      An for immunofluorescence microscopy to investigate the expression and
      distribution of skeletal- and smooth-muscle-type alpha-actinins during myogenesis
      of cultured skeletal muscle cells. Skeletal-muscle-type alpha-actinin was found
      to be absent from myogenic cells before fusion but present in them after fusion,
      restricted to Z bodies or Z bands. Smooth-muscle-type alpha-actinin was present
      diffusely in the cytoplasm and on membrane-associated structures of mononucleated
      and fused myoblasts, and then confined to membrane-associated structures of
      myotubes. Immunoblotting and peptide mapping by limited proteolysis support the
      above results that skeletal-muscle-type alpha-actinin appears at the onset of
      fusion and that smooth-muscle-type alpha-actinin persists throughout the
      myogenesis. These results indicate (a) that the timing of expression of skeletal
      muscle-type alpha-actinin is under regulation coordination with other major
      skeletal muscle proteins; (b) that, with respect to expression and distribution,
      skeletal-muscle-type alpha-actinin is closely related to alpha-actin, whereas
      smooth-muscle-type alpha-actinin is to gamma- and beta-actins; and (c) that
      skeletal- and smooth-muscle-type alpha-actinins have complementary distribution
      and do not co-exist in situ.

PMID- 6389575
TI  - Stochastic partitioning of chloroplasts at cell division in the alga
      Olisthodiscus, and compensating control of chloroplast replication.
AB  - We asked how chloroplasts in a unicellular marine alga are replicated and
      partitioned at cell division so that each daughter cell will receive the
      appropriate number of copies. The data were obtained simply by counting
      chloroplasts in pairs of daughter cells immediately after cell division. The
      results show that chloroplast partitioning is not always equal; however, it is
      equal much more often than predicted by the binomial distribution of chloroplast
      numbers that would be expected if partitioning were strictly random. The parental
      chloroplasts were partitioned equally in approximately 76% of the divisions,
      while in the remaining 24% the deviations from equality were very small. To
      maintain a reasonable range of chloroplast numbers in the face of unequal
      partitioning, there must be some form of compensating control of chloroplast
      replication. Our data suggest that daughter cells that receive very large numbers
      of chloroplasts go directly to the next division without replicating their
      chloroplasts, while cells with very small numbers of chloroplasts go through two
      rounds of chloroplast replication before dividing.

PMID- 6389576
TI  - A revision of the Dictyostelium discoideum cell cycle.
AB  - We have investigated the Dictyostelium discoideum cell cycle using fluorometric
      determinations of cellular and nuclear DNA contents in exponentially growing
      cultures and in synchronized cultures. Almost all cells are in G2 during both
      growth and development. There is no G1 period, S phase is less than 0.5 h, and G2
      has an average length of 6.5 h in axenically grown cells. Mitochondrial DNA,
      which constitutes about half of the total DNA, is replicated throughout the cell
      cycle. There is no difference in the nuclear DNA contents of axenically grown and
      bacterially grown cells. Thus the long cell cycle in axenically grown cells is
      due to a lengthening of the G2 phase.

PMID- 6389577
TI  - Dependence of cell-type proportioning and sorting on cell cycle phase in
      Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - The relationship between the cell cycle phase of vegetative amoebae and prestalk
      and prespore differentiation in the slug stage were investigated in the slime
      mould Dictyostelium discoideum. Cells were synchronized by release from the
      stationary phase. Samples were taken at various times during the course of a
      synchronous cell doubling, fluorescently labelled and mixed with cells of random
      cell cycle phase from exponentially growing cultures. The fate of the
      fluorescently labelled cells was recorded at the slug stage. Cells early in the
      cycle exhibit strong prestalk sorting; cells taken later in the cycle exhibit
      strong prespore sorting. The period of prestalk sorting occurs immediately
      following mitosis and lasts about 1 h in a cell cycle of about 7 h duration.
      Accompanying the altered sorting behaviour is a marked changed in the prestalk
      prespore proportions in slugs formed from synchronized populations of cells.
      Cells synchronized early in the cycle form slugs with 55% prespore cells; cells
      synchronized late in the cycle form slugs with 90% prespore. The results are
      discussed in terms of models for the formation of the prestalk-prespore pattern
      in slugs.

PMID- 6389578
TI  - Stimulation of murine tumour cell motility by laminin.
AB  - Several variant cell lines that are deficient in surface laminin have been
      isolated from heterogeneous murine tumour populations. The parent populations
      from which these variant lines were isolated contain cells that express high
      levels of surface laminin as indicated by immunofluorescence,
      immunoperoxidase/electron microscopy and immunoprecipitation. The laminin
      deficient lines were compared with their respective parent populations for
      motility by both the Boyden Chamber assay and the agarose assay. In both assays,
      the laminin-positive populations were much more motile than the laminin-deficient
      lines. The addition of exogenous laminin to the laminin-deficient lines
      significantly increased their motility. These observations are of interest since
      cell motility is thought to contribute to tumour cell metastasis, and the laminin
      positive cell populations are highly tumorigenic and metastatic, while the
      laminin-deficient cells are of low tumorigenicity and are virtually non
      metastatic.

PMID- 6389579
TI  - Identification of desmosomal surface components (desmocollins) and inhibition of
      desmosome formation by specific Fab'.
AB  - Specific antibodies against the components of desmosomes, the adhesive junctions
      of epithelial cells, have been used to determine which components are located on
      the cell surface. Three criteria have been used: fluorescent antibody staining,
      immuno-gold labelling and electron microscopy, and quantitative measurements of
      antibody binding using [125I]protein A. When these techniques were applied to
      living Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells, antibodies against only two
      desmosomal components, glycoproteins of approximately 115 X 10(3) Mr and 100 X
      10(3) Mr, bound to the cell surface. Antibodies against all other components, the
      230 and 205 X 10(3) Mr proteins (desmoplakins), the 150 X 10(3) Mr glycoprotein
      and the 82 and 86 X 10(3) Mr proteins reacted in fluorescent antibody staining
      only after cells had been fixed and made permeable. MDBK cells were cultured in
      the presence of univalent fragments (Fab') of anti-desmosomal antibodies for
      periods from 24 h to 72 h. After these times cells were fixed, made permeable,
      and stained with anti-desmoplakin antibody to assay for desmosome formation. Fab'
      derived from anti-100 X 10(3) Mr protein specifically inhibited desmosome
      formation, whereas Fab's from anti-desmoplakin, anti-150 X 10(3) Mr and anti-82
      and 86 X 10(3) Mr proteins were without effect. We conclude that the 100 X 10(3)
      Mr and the immunologically related 115 X 10(3) Mr components are located on the
      cell surface and are directly involved in cell-cell adhesion. We have named them
      desmocollins to denote that they are involved in the adhesive function of
      desmosomes. The modulation of desmocollin distribution during monolayer formation
      and establishment of epithelial polarity has also been studied. Fluorescent and
      immuno-gold labelling using Fab' or IgG at 4 degrees C revealed that desmocollins
      were initially evenly dispersed over the cell surface. Staining with IgG at 37
      degrees C caused the desmocollins to "patch' but not to "cap'. With the
      establishment of confluency, desmocollins were gradually removed from the upper
      surfaces of the cells (or masked and rendered inaccessible to antibody) being
      confined to the lateral and probably basal regions of the cells. Treatment of
      confluent monolayers with 3 mM-EGTA rendered the desmocollins stainable, probably
      by causing their release from lateral constraint. Desmocollin staining at the
      cell surface was not appreciably reduced during 5 h of EGTA treatment, suggesting
      that desmocollins, unlike desmosomal plaques, may not be internalized after
      junction breakdown.

PMID- 6389580
TI  - Stereotactic method for determining anatomical localization in physiological
      brain images.

PMID- 6389581
TI  - Determination of imipenem (N-formimidoyl thienamycin) in human plasma and urine
      by high-performance liquid chromatography, comparison with microbiological
      methodology and stability.
AB  - High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods using ultraviolet (UV)
      detection have been developed for the assay of the antibiotic imipenem (N
      formimidoyl thienamycin) in human plasma and urine. A reversed-phase analytical
      column is employed in the plasma assay method and a cation-exchange column is
      used in the urine assay method. Both methods use borate buffer in the mobile
      phase. The method of preparation of human fluid samples for HPLC injection has
      been optimized with respect to the stability of imipenem in aqueous buffers, in
      morpholine buffer--ethylene glycol stabilizer, and in urine and plasma.
      Preparation of the samples before injection into the HPLC systems involves
      deproteination/filtration of the plasma/urine samples. The open lactam metabolite
      and the coadministered dehydropeptidase inhibitor, cilastatin sodium, do not
      interfere with the 313-nm detection of imipenem in either the plasma or the urine
      assay. Thienamycin, the precursor of imipenem and an impurity in imipenem
      formulations, is separated from the drug using both of these methods.
      Concentrations generated from the HPLC analysis of plasma and urine samples from
      two healthy volunteers compare favorably with results using a microbiological
      assay method. Correlation of the two methods gives r greater than or equal to
      0.990 for both fluids.

PMID- 6389582
TI  - Compliance with an experimental drug regimen for treatment of asthma: its
      magnitude, importance, and correlates.
AB  - This paper reports on data from a double-blind, randomized controlled study of
      out-patient use of corticosteroids following an acute asthma attack. Issues
      related to compliance are examined, including: (1) the extent of non-compliance;
      (2) impact of non-compliance on interpreting the drug trial results; and (3)
      correlates of non-compliance. Of the 102 cases enrolled in the study, 25.5% were
      excluded from analysis because they were lost to follow-up (10.8%) or non
      compliers (14.7%). Based on data for compliers, the drugs were found to reduce
      relapse rates and asthma symptomatology; when non-compliers were included in the
      analysis, the steroid drug appeared ineffective for reducing relapses and less
      effective for improving overall illness status. Examination of 24 potential
      correlates of compliance yielded a few significant associations, and only the
      "usual habit of compliance" correlation suggests an avenue for future action. The
      implications of the study findings for design and interpretation of clinical
      trials, as well as for improved management of chronic diseases, are discussed.

PMID- 6389584
TI  - A collection of poetry by a physician with progressive neurological disease.

PMID- 6389583
TI  - Racial differences in susceptibility to tuberculosis: risk of disease after
      infection.
AB  - It is generally believed that certain racial groups are highly susceptible to
      tuberculosis disease while others have developed a "natural resistance."
      Epidemiological studies reporting differences in case rates among different
      racial groups, provide inconclusive evidence. Many factors influence the
      development of active tuberculosis including sex, age, body weight, and virulence
      of the infecting organism. These, as well as other factors, may be more important
      determinants which, up to now, have been confused with race.

PMID- 6389585
TI  - The "Rainbow Reviews": publications of the National Center for Health Statistics.

PMID- 6389586
TI  - A new electron microscopic method for the demonstration of Treponema pallida in
      the tissues embedded in paraffin, with reference to applying frozen resin
      cracking method.

PMID- 6389587
TI  - Sakharov and genetic science in the Soviet Union.

PMID- 6389588
TI  - Andrei Sakharov and the fate of biological science in the USSR.

PMID- 6389589
TI  - Editorial: Sakharov and genetic science in the Soviet Union.

PMID- 6389590
TI  - Immunocytochemical characterisation of cell cultures grown from dissociated 1-2
      day post-natal rat cerebral tissue. A developmental study.
AB  - A range of cell-specific markers have been employed with immunocytochemical
      methods to characterise and quantitate the cell types present in mixed brain cell
      cultures derived from dissociated 1-2-day post-natal rat cerebral hemispheres and
      grown in the presence of FCS. Protoplasmic astrocytes (GFAP+, A2B5-) were the
      major cell type to develop in culture, a confluent monolayer forming in 5-8 days.
      A population of smaller round cells of oligodendrocyte-like morphology appeared
      on this astrocyte layer. Greater than 70% of these smaller cells were GC- and
      thus were not oligodendrocytes. The GC- cells were A2B5+ and, in early cultures,
      may therefore be progenitor glial cells. Examination of GFAP and A2B5 co
      expression by these smaller cells was difficult due to the dense underlying GFAP+
      astrocyte layer. In less dense areas of older cultures these smaller cells with
      processes were GFAP+ and A2B5+: these are Type 2, fibrous astrocytes. GC+
      oligodendrocytes, comprising 5-10% of the total identified cell population, were
      initially distributed over the astrocyte monolayer; in older cultures (after
      about 8 days) GC+ cells were observed in clumps over places where NF+ cells were
      identifiable. Such GC+ cells mostly became MBP+. Neurones accounted for about 6%
      of the identifiable cells in early cultures but a lower percentage in older
      cultures. Minor populations of ependymal cells and macrophages were present;
      cells displaying fibronectin, fibroblasts, were rarely identified. Use of horse
      serum in place of FCS gave lower yields of GC+ cells in cultures, slowed down
      astrocyte development, and resulted in the formation of trunks of GFAP+ cells
      throughout cultures. Other sera gave lower numbers of GC+ cells.

PMID- 6389591
TI  - Demonstration of locally synthesized immunoglobulin M antibodies to Treponema
      pallidum in the central nervous system of patients with untreated neurosyphilis.
AB  - Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to Treponema pallidum (TP) in serum and
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can be evaluated quantitatively using a recently
      introduced enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In 19 patients with
      untreated neurosyphilis, local synthesis of TP-specific IgM antibodies within the
      central nervous system (CNS) was demonstrated by estimation of the CSF/serum
      ratio of the TP-IgM-ELISA titer/mg total IgM. The TP-specific IgM antibody
      levels/mg total IgM in the CSF were between 3- and 75-fold higher than those in
      the corresponding serum of the same patients. Patients with untreated syphilis
      but without CNS involvement showed equal amounts of TP-specific IgM antibody
      levels/mg total IgM in CSF and serum, and served as controls.

PMID- 6389593
TI  - Bonded maxillary custom lingual retainer.

PMID- 6389592
TI  - Rabbit antiserum to a citric acid extract of human skeletal muscle staining
      thymomas from myasthenia gravis patients.
AB  - Rabbit antiserum to a citric acid extract of human skeletal muscle (CA) stained
      both the cell membrane and the cross-striational bands of skeletal muscle cells.
      The rabbit antiserum also stained the cell membrane of epithelial thymoma cells
      from myasthenia gravis (MG) patients. Normal and hyperplastic thymus tissue were
      not stained, apart from scattered myoid thymic cells. Absorption of the antiserum
      with CA abolished staining of the thymoma, indicating that human skeletal muscle
      and epithelial thymoma cells possess common antigens.

PMID- 6389594
TI  - Influence of aging and refrigeration on composite bond strength.

PMID- 6389595
TI  - Improved vision and isolation for direct lingual bonding of the upper arch.

PMID- 6389596
TI  - An easy, effective debonding technique.

PMID- 6389598
TI  - Thermic effect of glucose in man. Obligatory and facultative thermogenesis.
AB  - The contribution of the sympathetic nervous system to the thermic effect of
      intravenously infused glucose and insulin was studied in 10 healthy young men
      before and after beta-adrenergic receptor blockade with propranolol during
      conditions of normoglycemia (90 mg/dl) at two levels of hyperinsulinemia
      (approximately 90 microU/ml and approximately 620 microU/ml). During steady state
      conditions of glucose uptake (0.515 +/- 0.046 and 0.754 +/- 0.056 g/min),
      significant increases were observed in energy expenditure (0.10 +/- 0.02
      kcal/min, P less than 0.001, and 0.21 +/- 0.02 kcal/min, P less than 0.01,
      respectively). Similarly, glucose oxidation increased from 0.100 +/- 0.015 to
      0.266 +/- 0.022 g/min (P less than 0.001) at approximately microU/ml insulin and
      from 0.082 +/- 0.013 to 0.295 +/- 0.018 g/min (P less than 0.001) at
      approximately 620 microU/ml insulin. Concomitantly, the rate of nonoxidative
      glucose disposal or "glucose storage" was 0.249 +/- 0.033 and 0.459 +/- 0.048
      g/min, respectively. At this time the thermic effect of infused glucose/insulin
      was 5.3 +/- 0.9 and 7.5 +/- 0.7%, and the energy cost of "glucose storage" was
      0.50 +/- 0.16 kcal/g and 0.47 +/- 0.04 kcal/g at the two different levels of
      glucose uptake. After beta-adrenergic receptor blockade with propranolol, glucose
      uptake, oxidation, and "storage" were unchanged in both studies, but significant
      decreases in energy expenditure were observed (1.41 +/- 0.06-1.36 +/- 0.05
      kcal/min, P less than 0.01 at approximately 90 microU/ml insulin, and 1.52 +/-
      0.07-1.43 +/- 0.05 kcal/min, P less than 0.005 at approximately 620 microU/ml
      insulin) causing significant falls in both the estimated thermic effect of
      infused glucose/insulin and the energy cost of "glucose storage". Regression
      analysis of the results from both studies indicated a mean energy cost for
      "glucose storage" of 0.36 kcal/g (r = 0.74, P less than 0.001), which fell
      significantly (P less than 0.005) to 0.21 kcal/g (r = 0.49, P less than 0.05)
      during beta-adrenergic receptor blockade with propranolol. The latter is in close
      agreement with that calculated on theoretical grounds for the metabolic cost of
      glucose storage as glycogen, i.e., obligatory thermogenesis. It is concluded that
      beta-adrenergically mediated sympathetic nervous activity is responsible for
      almost the entire rise in energy expenditure in excess of the obligatory
      requirements for processing and storing glucose during conditions of
      normoglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in healthy man, and that the energy cost of
      "glucose storage" is not different at normal (approximately 90 microU/ml) and
      supraphysiological (approximately 620 microU/ml) plasma insulin concentrations.

PMID- 6389597
TI  - Human T lymphocyte subsets. Functional heterogeneity and surface recognition
      structures.

PMID- 6389599
TI  - C-peptide and insulin secretion. Relationship between peripheral concentrations
      of C-peptide and insulin and their secretion rates in the dog.
AB  - Estimation of the insulin secretory rate from peripheral C-peptide concentrations
      depends upon the following characteristics of C-peptide kinetics: (a) equimolar
      secretion of insulin and C-peptide by pancreatic beta cells; (b) negligible
      hepatic extraction of C-peptide; (c) constant metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of C
      peptide over a physiological and pathophysiological range of plasma levels; and
      (d) proportional changes in the secretion rate of C-peptide and its peripheral
      concentrations under varying physiological conditions. In the present
      experiments, the relationship between a variable intraportal infusion of C
      peptide and its concentration in the femoral artery was explored in 12
      pancreatectomized dogs. As the infusion of C-peptide was rapidly increased, the
      magnitude of its peripheral concentration initially increased less than the
      infusion rate by 20-30%. After an equilibration period of approximately 30 min,
      however, further increases and decreases in the intraportal infusion were
      accompanied by nearly proportional changes in its peripheral concentration.
      Estimates of the amount of C-peptide infused during the experiment based on the
      steady state C-peptide MCR and its peripheral concentration were within 20% of
      the amount of C-peptide actually infused. These experiments demonstrate that the
      portal delivery rate of C-peptide can be calculated from its MCR and peripheral
      concentration in the dog. They also provide a basis for testing the validity of
      more complicated models of insulin secretion based on peripheral C-peptide
      concentrations in the dog as well as other species, including man. Finally, we
      have shown that the hepatic extraction of endogenously secreted C-peptide is
      negligible in the basal state (3.1 +/- 6.1%), and does not change after oral
      glucose ingestion. The MCR of exogenous dog C-peptide was similar whether
      measured by constant peripheral intravenous infusion (12.3 +/- 0.7 ml/kg per
      min), constant intraportal infusion (13.4 +/- 0.6 ml/kg per min), or analysis of
      the decay curve after a bolus injection (13.5 +/- 0.7 ml/kg per min).

PMID- 6389600
TI  - Degradation of sulfated proteoglycans in the subendothelial extracellular matrix
      by human platelet heparitinase.
AB  - Cultured vascular and corneal endothelial cells produce an underlying
      extracellular matrix (ECM) which induces platelet adherence, aggregation, and
      release reaction. Incubation of a metabolically (35S)O = 4-labeled ECM with
      platelet-rich plasma or washed platelets, but not with platelet-poor plasma,
      resulted in degradation of its heparan sulfate-containing proteoglycans into
      labeled fragments four to five times smaller than intact glycosaminoglycan side
      chains. These fragments were sensitive to deamination with nitrous acid and were
      not produced in the presence of heparin, indicating that heparan sulfate in the
      ECM is susceptible to cleavage by the platelet heparitinase. This degradation
      required adhesion of platelets to the ECM rather than aggregation since it was
      not inhibited by aspirin, which prevented platelet aggregation but not adherence.
      The enzyme was not released during aggregation of platelets on the ECM but was
      readily liberated upon their exposure to thrombin. This liberation was inhibited
      in the presence of prostacyclin (PGI2). Isolated high molecular weight
      proteoglycans first released from the ECM by incubation with platelet poor plasma
      served as a substrate for further degradation by the platelet heparitinase,
      suggesting a cascade mechanism for degradation of heparan sulfate in the ECM.
      Heparitinase, although to a lower level, was also active when washed platelets
      were added on top of a confluent endothelial cell monolayer covering the (35S)O =
      4-labeled ECM. It is suggested that the platelet heparitinase may be involved in
      the impairment of the integrity of the vessel wall and thus facilitate the
      extravasation of blood-borne cells.

PMID- 6389601
TI  - Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and microinvasive carcinoma of the vulva.
AB  - The pathological, cytological, and clinical features of vulvar intraepithelial
      neoplasia (VIN) are described. The rate of progression of VIN III to an invasive
      carcinoma is very low and spontaneous regression can occur. These features
      prevent the drawing of a direct analogy between vulvar and cervical
      intraepithelial neoplasia. The concept of microinvasive carcinoma of the vulva is
      discussed, and it is concluded that no satisfactory definition of this entity has
      been achieved.

PMID- 6389602
TI  - A quantitative study of histiocytic reticulum cells in diffuse and follicular non
      Hodgkin's lymphomas.
AB  - Histiocytic reticulum cells have been counted in 160 lymph nodes, comprising 50
      high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, 90 lymphomas of low grade histology, and 20
      specimens exhibiting reactive follicular hyperplasia. The histiocytes were shown
      immunohistochemically by virtue of their content of the cysteine proteinase
      cathepsin B. A consistent and striking finding was that high grade lymphomas
      contain many more histiocytes than low grade lymphomas. Immunoblastic neoplasms
      contain up to 24.2% of these cells, whereas low grade diffuse lymphomas possess
      only up to 3.6% histiocytes. Histiocytic reticulum cells were also counted in
      benign or malignant follicular lesions in standard areas from follicle centres
      only. No significant differences were found between low grade lymphomas and
      hyperplastic nodes. These findings are discussed in relation to previous, more
      limited studies.

PMID- 6389603
TI  - Detection of S-100 labelled cells in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
AB  - S-100 antigen containing cells with dendritic features, recognisable by
      morphological and immunohistochemical criteria as belonging to the Langerhans' or
      interdigitating reticulum cell type, have been found in undifferentiated
      nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The presence of these cells, which have a special
      function of antigen presentation in immune responses, may be involved in a
      possible modulation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma associated Epstein-Barr virus
      infection and host-tumour interactions.

PMID- 6389604
TI  - Human mast cells detected by monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - We report the establishment of seven mouse-mouse hybridoma cell lines secreting
      monoclonal antibodies with specificity for granule components of all human mast
      cells. Reactivity is directed against a molecule which is also found
      intracytoplasmically in human mature small intestinal enterocytes, liver
      parenchymal cells, and kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells. No reactivity of
      these antibodies was found with any other human or animal cell type examined. In
      particular, the antibodies did not react with basophils or other haemopoietic
      cell types. This study shows the potential of specific monoclonal antibodies as a
      tool for identifying and enumerating infiltrating mast cells in tissues. Such
      antibodies should be of value in investigations into the role of the mast cell in
      immunological reactions and hypersensitivity diseases.

PMID- 6389605
TI  - Relation between the mucosal flora and Paneth cell population of human jejunum
      and ileum.
AB  - The Paneth cell population in surgically resected human jejunum and ileum was
      estimated using image analysis of the granule area in patients who had not
      received antibiotics. The mucosa was cultured aerobically and anaerobically. In
      the jejunum 22 samples were sterile and five yielded bacteria; in the ileum four
      were sterile and three were non-sterile. The mean Paneth cell granule area in the
      sterile jejunum was 122.7 +/- 37.2 micron2 and in the non-sterile samples 67.2 +/
      36.6 micron2 (p less than 0.006). The corresponding values for the ileum were
      137.9 +/- 109.8 and 100.5 +/- 9.1 (NS). Thus an increase in the Paneth cell
      population may occur in response to changes in the intestinal luminal
      environment. Failure of this response and resultant Paneth cell deficiency may
      lead to bacterial overgrowth.

PMID- 6389606
TI  - New medium for enhancing pigment production of group B streptococci.

PMID- 6389607
TI  - Demonstration of normoblasts in tissue sections by means of an
      immunohistochemical technique for haemoglobin.

PMID- 6389608
TI  - The pulpal response to citric acid in cats.
AB  - Citric acid conditioning of dentine has been proposed as an efficacious treatment
      for promoting re-attachment after periodontal surgery. This study investigated
      the pulpal reactions to periodontal surgery combined with citric acid (pH 1)
      demineralization of exposed dentine for 3 min. 9 cats were used as the
      experimental animals, with each cat providing 1 negative and 1 positive control
      and 2 experimental canine teeth. Evaluation was over 3 observation periods, with
      3 cats in each period being sacrificed at 4, 21 and 83 days. Positive control
      teeth, which underwent periodontal surgery combining the removal of approximately
      3 mm2 of labial bone and vigorous root planning of the exposed root surfaces,
      displayed mild to moderate pulpal reactions during the short- and intermediate
      term periods and only mild to no reactions in the long-term period. The addition
      of citric acid demineralization, however, resulted in 5 experimental teeth (28%)
      becoming abscessed or totally necrotic in the intermediate- and long-term
      periods. At 21 days, the frequency of adverse pulpal responses to surgery and
      citric acid conditioning was significantly (p less than 0.05) greater than to
      surgery alone. Although 4 experimental teeth were relatively uninflamed at the
      long-term period of observation, all showed irritational dentine formation.
      Penetration of exposed dentinal tubules by plaque bacteria was observed only in
      the citric acid treated teeth.

PMID- 6389609
TI  - Effect of topical application of citric acid in the treatment of furcation
      involvement in human lower molars.
AB  - Improvement of new attachment procedures using topically applied citric acid was
      tested in human beings. Furcation involvement and the adjacent proximal area were
      surgically exposed. Saline was used as placebo drug. Baseline pocket depth and
      attachment levels were scored prior to surgery and bone level recorded at the
      time of surgery. After 1, 3 and 6 months, the clinical parameters were re-scored
      and at that time, a re-entry operation allowed a new measurement of the bone
      level. In the post-operative experimental periods, there was an improvement of
      all clinical parameters in both the control and experimental groups. Pocket depth
      reduction was consistent; the gain in the attachment level compared to the
      baseline examination in the experimental group and the improvement in the bone
      height level were statistically significant within the 6-month post-operative
      interval; however, in both the furcation and proximal areas, no statistically
      significant differences could be detected on comparing experimental and control
      groups.

PMID- 6389610
TI  - A comparison of 3 systems for quantifying gingival crevicular fluid with respect
      to linearity and the effects of qualitative differences in fluids.
AB  - This investigation compares the Periotron 6000, Periotron 600, and ninhydrin area
      systems for quantifying gingival fluid. All systems have highly significant (p
      less than 0.001) linear relationships between measurements and fluid volumes.
      Additional curvilinear components have virtually no clinically significant
      implications. Qualitative differences in fluid only have clinically significant
      implications for the Periotron 600. When both quantitative and qualitative
      properties of gingival crevicular fluid are being investigated, the Periotron
      6000 is the system of choice.

PMID- 6389611
TI  - The effect of root planing as compared to that of surgical treatment.
AB  - This study was undertaken in order to evaluate the effect of root planing as
      compared to that of surgical periodontal treatment in patients with advanced
      periodontal disease. 17 patients with advanced periodontal disease participated
      in the study. After the initial examination, the teeth were scaled and the
      patients were given instruction in performing proper oral hygiene. The hygienic
      phase for the individual patient was continued until less than 20% of the tooth
      surfaces demonstrated plaque at 2 succeeding appointments. After re-assessment of
      the periodontal status, 1 side in both the maxilla and mandible was treated with
      modified Widman flap surgery. In 1 of the remaining quadrants, in the maxilla or
      mandible, reverse bevel flap surgery was used. Bone contouring was not performed
      in any of the surgical procedures. The last quadrant was subjected to meticulous
      root planing under local anesthesia. Subsequently, the patients were recalled
      every second week for professional tooth cleaning. The periodontal status of each
      patient was assessed 3 and 6 months following treatment. Root planing resulted in
      considerable reduction in pocket depth, although more shallow pockets were
      obtained following modified Widman flap and reverse bevel flap surgery. Clinical
      gain of attachment was obtained following all 3 modalities, but root planing
      resulted in slightly more gain of attachment than the 2 surgical procedures.

PMID- 6389612
TI  - Maximum phonation time for children with normal voices.
AB  - Maximum phonation time (MPT) data were collected for 286 male and female children
      between the ages 3-6 and 17-11. Subjects sustained phonation of the vowel/a/for
      14 consecutive trials. The influence of sex, age, and multiple trials on MPT was
      studied. The group mean MPT for the male subjects was significantly longer than
      for the female subjects. Generally, phonation time increased with age for both
      sexes. A definite monotonic increase in length of sustained phonation was not
      apparent across all age levels. Optimum MPT performance can be enhanced by using
      repeated trials, and by providing visual feedback and encouragement regarding
      depth of inhalation, verbal instructions and encouragement regarding increased
      phonation time, and visual feedback regarding length of sustained phonation prior
      to and during each trial. The large intra- and intersubject variability in MPT
      performance reported in this study prevents valid individual-group mean MPT
      comparisons. A more discriminatory clinical interpretation of MPT is necessary.

PMID- 6389613
TI  - The morphology and distribution of neurons containing choline acetyltransferase
      in the adult rat spinal cord: an immunocytochemical study.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody to choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the acetylcholine
      (ACh)-synthesizing enzyme, has been used to localize ChAT within neurons in
      immunocytochemical preparations of adult rat spinal cord. Morphological details
      of known cholinergic spinal neurons are presented in this study, and previously
      unidentified ChAT-containing neurons are also described. Immunoreaction product
      was present within cell bodies, dendrites, axons, and axon terminals, thereby
      allowing comprehensive descriptions of the distribution of ChAT-positive neurons
      and the interrelationships of their processes. In the ventral horn, ChAT-positive
      motoneurons were located in the medial, central, and lateral motor columns, and
      their dendrites formed elaborate longitudinal and transverse ChAT-positive
      bundles. These bundles were present throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the
      spinal cord. In the central gray matter, small ChAT-positive cell bodies were
      clustered around the central canal. Small longitudinal fascicles of
      immunoreactive processes were also observed in this region adjacent to the
      ependymal layer. The intermediate gray matter of virtually the entire spinal cord
      was spanned by medium to large ChAT-positive multipolar cells termed partition
      neurons. At autonomic spinal levels, partition neurons were intermingled with
      other immunoreactive cells that were identified as preganglionic sympathetic or
      parasympathetic neurons because of their locations and morphological
      characteristics. In the sympathetic system, four groups of ChAT-positive neurons
      were observed; the principal intermediolateral nucleus (ILp) in the lateral horn,
      the central autonomic cell column (CA) dorsal to the central canal, the
      intercalated nucleus (IC) located between ILp and CA, and the funicular
      intermediolateral neurons (ILf) in the white matter lateral to the ILp. The
      dendrites of ILp and CA neurons formed substantial longitudinal bundles within
      each group, as well as transverse bundles between the groups that resembled the
      rungs of a ladder. ChAT-positive cell bodies were also present in the dorsal
      horn, and those located in laminae III-V extended dendrites dorsally into a
      longitudinal plexus within lamina III.

PMID- 6389614
TI  - Postnatal development of neurons containing choline acetyltransferase in rat
      spinal cord: an immunocytochemical study.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody to choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) has been used in an
      immunocytochemical study of the postnatal development of ChAT-containing neurons
      in cervical and thoracic spinal cord. Specimens from rat pups ranging in age from
      1 to 28 days postnatal (dpn) were studied and compared with adult specimens
      (Barber et al., '84). The development of established cholinergic neurons, the
      somatic motoneurons and sympathetic preganglionic cells, has been described as
      has that of previously unidentified ChAT-positive neurons in the dorsal,
      intermediate, and central gray matter. Cell bodies of somatic and visceral
      motoneurons contained moderate amounts of ChAT-positive reaction product at birth
      that gradually increased in intensity until 14-21 dpn. The most intensely stained
      ChAT-positive neurons in 1-5-dpn specimens were named partition cells because
      this cell group extended from the central gray to an area dorsal to the lateral
      motoneurons, and thereby divided the spinal cord into dorsal and ventral halves.
      Partition cells were medium to large in size with 5-7 primary dendrites, and
      axons that, in fortuitous sections, could be traced into the ventrolateral
      motoneuron pools, the ventral funiculi, or the ventral commissure. Small ChAT
      positive cells clustered around the central canal and scattered in laminae III-VI
      of the dorsal horn were detectable at birth. These neurons were moderately
      immunoreactive at 11-14 dpn and intensely ChAT positive by 21 dpn. The band of
      ChAT-positive terminal-like structures demonstrated in lamina III of adult
      specimens (Barber et al., '84) was first visible in 11-14-dpn specimens. By 28
      dpn, both laminae I and III contained punctate bands that approximated the
      density of those observed in adult spinal cord. This investigation has
      demonstrated ChAT within individual neurons of developing spinal cord, and has
      identified a group of neurons, the partition cells, that exhibit intense ChAT
      positive immunoreactivity earlier than any other putative cholinergic cells in
      spinal cord, including motoneurons. Another important observation has been that
      each ChAT-positive neuronal type achieves adult levels of staining intensity at
      different times during development. A likely explanation for this differential
      staining is that various groups of neurons acquire their mature concentration of
      ChAT molecules at different developmental stages. In turn, this may correlate
      with the maturation of cholinergic synaptic activity manifest by individual cells
      or groups of neurons.

PMID- 6389615
TI  - Psoriasis.

PMID- 6389616
TI  - Nonmelanoma skin cancer, melanomas, warts, and viral oncogenesis.

PMID- 6389617
TI  - Infections and infestations of the skin.

PMID- 6389618
TI  - MR imaging of orbital tumors with CT and ultrasound correlations.
AB  - Fourteen patients with various orbital space-occupying lesions were studied by
      magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with a 0.15 T imager using spin-echo and
      inversion-recovery pulse sequences. Computed tomographic and ultrasonographic
      (US) examinations were done in 13 of these patients. All 14 lesions could be
      demonstrated by MR. Magnetic resonance was found to be better than US but not as
      good as CT in providing morphological details. Regarding tissue characterization,
      US was the most useful among the three modalities. With the T2-weighted spin-echo
      pulse sequence, a possible trend in tissue characterization could be shown. From
      our preliminary experience, we conclude that MR imaging using a 0.15 T resistive
      magnet offers no distinct advantage over the combination of CT and US in the
      diagnosis of orbital tumors.

PMID- 6389619
TI  - NMR relaxation times from serial stereotactic biopsies in human brain tumors.
AB  - Tissue samples were obtained by serial stereotactic biopsies in 32 patients with
      glial brain tumors localized by CT. On each sample, several tissue parameters,
      such as water content, specific gravity of the dry and wet tissue, electrical
      impedance, histopathological and cytological examinations, as well as nuclear
      magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation times T1 and T2 were measured and correlated.
      Comparisons were made between both normal and tumorous tissues and between the
      various types of neoplasms. Differences of the measured parameters between tumors
      and normal brain tissue and their intercorrelations are analyzed and discussed.
      Comparison of the NMR results with the corresponding densitometric data from CT
      images suggests that NMR may add useful information in brain tumor imaging. The
      authors propose an index of malignancy for gliomas dependent on relaxation time
      T1 and proton density measured by NMR imaging.

PMID- 6389620
TI  - MR imaging of cerebral abnormalities in utero.
AB  - In view of the lack of ionizing radiation, ability to image in a variety of
      planes, and high contrast resolution, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging may have a
      role in obstetrical management. Three fetuses with severe cerebral abnormalities
      were studied by MR in utero. The findings were correlated with ultrasound
      examinations and with autopsy results. Ventricular dilatation and progression of
      hydrocephalus were detected by MR. Although fetal motion may affect image
      quality, diagnostically useful images were obtained with imaging times of 2.5
      min.

PMID- 6389621
TI  - Two unusual causes of jaundice with similar ultrasound and CT findings.
AB  - The ultrasound and CT patterns of multilocular cystic areas in the liver in two
      jaundiced patients are presented. In one case the pattern represented a
      choledochal cyst and in the other an hydatid cyst of the liver. This unusual
      pattern, although nonspecific, should suggest one of these two diseases.

PMID- 6389622
TI  - Direct multiplanar CT findings in cystic teratoma of the ovary.
AB  - The CT findings in cystic teratomas of the ovary are reviewed and our findings in
      four patients discussed. We analyzed those teratomas with standard CT, augmented
      by direct nonreconstructed coronal and sagittal views, to establish the true
      extent of the process and to define the characteristic heterogeneous contents.
      Computed tomography was successful in predicting or excluding malignant
      degeneration.

PMID- 6389623
TI  - Primary diagnosis of abdominal arteriovenous fistula by MR imaging.
AB  - Two cases of abdominal arteriovenous (AV) fistula were imaged by magnetic
      resonance (MR). Magnetic resonance imaging showed abnormally increased flow with
      resultant dilatation of the veins draining the site of the fistula. Findings were
      correlated with CT, digital subtraction angiography, and arteriography. This
      report suggests the usefulness of MR imaging as the initial imaging technique of
      choice in clinically suspected cases of AV fistula. The diagnosis can be made
      within 30 to 45 min of imaging time and does not require administration of
      contrast material.

PMID- 6389624
TI  - MR, CT, and ultrasonographic demonstration of splenic vein thrombosis.
AB  - The first case report of magnetic resonance imaging of splenic vein thrombosis is
      presented together with CT and ultrasound correlation.

PMID- 6389625
TI  - Torsion of a wandering spleen: CT appearance.
AB  - A case of wandering spleen with torsion of the splenic vascular pedicle and
      pancreatic tail is presented. The entity was diagnosed and evaluated
      preoperatively with various imaging modalities (ultrasound, nuclear medicine, and
      CT) as well as visceral angiography.

PMID- 6389626
TI  - The use of analogy in individual psychotherapy with young and pre-adolescents:
      "Superman, Bimbo and the big, grey wolf".
AB  - For various reasons, youngsters often have difficulty in discussing important
      issues in individual psychotherapy. Therapists, also, may find it hard to uncover
      underlying issues and dynamics. This paper describes three separate techniques
      for using analogy in individual therapy with the 10 to 15-year-old age group.
      These techniques were developed while the author was a member of a multi
      disciplinary team operating within an out-patient, adolescent psychiatric clinic.

PMID- 6389627
TI  - Toxicology of sulfur in ruminants: review.
AB  - This review deals with the toxicology of sulfur in ruminants including toxicity,
      neurotoxic effects, and mechanism of toxic action of hydrogen sulfide, clinical
      signs, and treatment. It will report effects of excessive intake of sulfur by
      ruminants on feed intake, animal performance, ruminal digestion and motility,
      rumination, and other physiological functions. Poisoning of animals with sulfur
      from industrial emissions (sulfur dioxide) also is discussed. Excessive
      quantities of dietary sulfur (above .3 to .4%) as sulfate or elemental sulfur may
      cause toxic effects and in extreme cases can be fatal. The means is discussed
      whereby consumption of excessive amounts of sulfur leads to toxic effects.

PMID- 6389628
TI  - Glucose kinetics, plasma metabolites, and endocrine responses during experimental
      ketosis in steers.
AB  - Phlorizin and 1,3-butanediol were used to determine effects of glucosuria and
      ketonemia on concentrations of metabolites in blood plasma and on kinetics of
      glucose metabolism. Four steers received four treatments (control; control plus
      dietary 1,3-butanediol; control plus phlorizin injections; and control plus
      phlorizin and 1,3-butanediol) in a Latin square design. Treatments lasted 14
      days. All steers received a 30% grain, 70% forage ration in equal meals every 2
      h. Metabolite concentrations in blood plasma and urine and glucose kinetics were
      measured on each of the last 3 days of each treatment period. Phlorizin caused
      glucosuria; decreased plasma glucose, glucose total entry rate, and glucose
      recycling; and increased plasma free fatty acids and glucose irreversible loss.
      Glucose pool size was increased by 1,3-butanediol. Phlorizin plus 1,3-butanediol
      caused glucosuria and ketonuria; decreased plasma glucose; and increased blood
      ketone bodies, plasma free fatty acids, glucose irreversible loss, and glucose
      pool size. Growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon were not affected by treatment.
      Physiological perturbations in these steers were characteristic of some of those
      in ketotic cows.

PMID- 6389629
TI  - Prevalence of mastitis pathogens in herds participating in a mastitis control
      program.
AB  - Bacteriological data from herd surveys by the Massachusetts Mastitis Laboratory
      were analyzed. Comparisons of percent cows and quarters with major mastitis
      pathogens and types of bacteria isolated were between Streptococcus agalactiae
      positive (1105 cows from 17 herds) and Streptococcus agalactiae-negative herds
      (1088 cows from 17 herds). Major mastitis pathogens were isolated from 58.5% of
      cows and 37.0% quarters in Streptococcus agalactiae-positive herds. The most
      frequently isolated bacteria were Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus
      aureus, and together these accounted for 87% of organisms isolated. In contrast,
      major mastitis pathogens were isolated from only 26.3% of cows and 10.2% of
      quarters in Streptococcus agalactiae negative herds. Streptococci other than
      Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, and coliforms were the
      predominant organisms isolated. Seventeen additional Streptococcus agalactiae
      negative herds were surveyed annually over 6 yr. An average of 25.8% of cows and
      10.3% of quarters were positive for major mastitis pathogens during this time.
      The predominant bacteria isolated were streptococci other than Streptococcus
      agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, and coliforms. There was little variation
      between years.

PMID- 6389630
TI  - Specific agglutination of Streptococcus agalactiae from bovine mastitis by casein
      components of bovine milk.
AB  - Streptococcus agalactiae strains freshly isolated from bovine mastitis cases
      clumped within 15 min of addition of small amounts of bovine milk to a broth
      culture. This reaction was not observed with isolates from human infections or
      bovine strains that had been maintained in the laboratory for extensive periods.
      Intensity of the clumping response as measured by a microtiter dilution assay was
      highly variable. Analysis of several single colony isolates derived from one
      strain indicated that the clumping phenotype was genetically unstable. The
      clumping reaction took place in the presence of rifampicin or chloramphenicol.
      Milk components that caused aggregation were heat stable, relatively insensitive
      to proteases, and were larger than 10,000 daltons. Purified casein also induced
      clumping in these strains.

PMID- 6389631
TI  - Endocrine changes with infusion of propionate in the dairy cow.
AB  - Sodium propionate (2.5 mmol/kg) was infused rapidly via a jugular vein into each
      of 13 multiparous Holstein cows at 7 wk postpartum for observation of clearance
      of propionate. Associated concentration changes of acetate and glucose in blood
      plasma and glucagon and insulin in blood serum were quantified. This dose
      elevated concentrations of propionate, which declined subsequently at an
      exponential rate (.108 min-1). Concentrations of glucagon and insulin were
      increased in the sampling immediately following infusion, yet subsequent decline
      of insulin concentrations acted to decrease the molar ratio of insulin:glucagon
      as propionate returned to preinfusion concentrations. Analysis of sample means
      disclosed a negative correlation -.82 between glucose and molar ratio of
      insulin:glucagon. These experimental observations suggest that a
      supraphysiological dose of propionate has an immediate effect on the pancreas to
      alter endocrine secretion in the lactating cow.

PMID- 6389632
TI  - In vitro assessment of marginal leakage of sealants placed in permanent molars
      with different etching times.

PMID- 6389633
TI  - [Effect of scaling and root planing on the composition of microorganisms in human
      periodontal pockets].

PMID- 6389634
TI  - In memoriam, Reidar Sognnaes (1911-1984)--34th President of the IADR, 1957-58.

PMID- 6389635
TI  - Influence of silane treatment and filler fraction on thermal expansion of
      composite resins.
AB  - The coefficient of thermal expansion of experimental composite materials
      containing either silane-treated or untreated fillers in a triethylene glycol
      dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) matrix was investigated. The results show that an inverse
      linear relationship existed between volume fraction filler and coefficient of
      thermal expansion. No differences were seen between silane-treated and untreated
      composites, while it was found that repeated heating (aging) caused the thermal
      expansion to decrease for all material combinations. Reduction in the coefficient
      of thermal expansion with increased filler fraction of unbonded filler indicates
      that the polymerization shrinkage of the matrix induces hoop stresses around the
      fillers. By use of a simplified theoretical model (Appendix), these stresses
      could be estimated. These estimates revealed that the induced stresses were
      remarkably high, and that increased filler fraction increased the tensile stress
      level surrounding the filler particles. Since these tensile stresses could
      facilitate crazing and crack growth in the matrix, these estimates may explain
      why filled resins containing low fractions of microfilled particles seem to
      possess remarkably good clinical wear resistance when compared with composites
      containing higher filler concentrations, at least during the first years in
      service.

PMID- 6389636
TI  - Effect of metal design on marginal distortion of metal-ceramic crowns.
AB  - An analysis of residual stress and marginal distortion due to thermal contraction
      mismatch between metal and ceramic is presented for metal-ceramic crowns. Using
      dilatometric data, finite element stress analyses were performed on pre-molar
      crowns designed with chamfer-knife edge, chamfer with collar, shoulder with
      collar, and shoulder-bevel with collar geometries and a maxillary central incisor
      crown with a chamfer-knife edge geometry. Calculations were made using
      combinations of a Ni-Cr alloy or a Au-Pd alloy with each of three porcelain
      products. Calculated marginal distortions due to crown design and metal-porcelain
      thermal contraction incompatibility were found to be well below experimental
      values found in the literature. For the cases studied, the calculated marginal
      distortions due to metal-porcelain thermal contraction mismatch depend primarily
      on the metal-porcelain combination and are insensitive to the coping design.
      However, this study excluded copings which have been extensively ground to
      thicknesses of 0.1 mm or less, and such copings may be more susceptible to
      localized or generalized distortion.

PMID- 6389638
TI  - "Cross-stitch" suture technique for hair transplantation.

PMID- 6389637
TI  - Measurement of oxide adherence to PFM alloys.
AB  - A method has been reported for evaluating adherence of an oxide to its substrate
      metal to a maximum value of about 40 MPa. Oxidized alloy plates were cemented
      between two aluminum cylinders with a high-strength cyanoacrylate cement and
      loaded in tension until failure occurred either at the oxide/metal interface,
      within the oxide layer, or in the cement itself. Significant differences were
      found among the oxide adherence values obtained from different PFM alloys. The
      oxides formed on five of the alloys exhibited adherence strengths in excess of
      the published value for cohesive strength of dental opaque porcelain, indicating
      that they possess sufficient adherence to act as the transition zone between the
      porcelain and the alloy. In addition, a correspondence was found between the
      quality of porcelain bond for a given alloy and its oxide adherence strength.
      These results remove the principal objection to the oxide-layer theory of
      porcelain bonding in dental alloy systems and emphasize the importance of oxide
      adherence in the establishment of a bond. It is therefore suggested that future
      work devoted to porcelain-metal bonding should seek to elucidate the mechanism of
      oxide adherence to PFM alloys and explore the development of new alloys which
      form adherent oxides.

PMID- 6389639
TI  - The benefit of donor-site closure in hair transplantation.
AB  - The author presents his concept of a method of total harvesting of a given donor
      area, utilizing the smallest area for a maximum number of grafts. A layered
      suture closure is employed for an immediate and long-term cosmetic improvement
      over older nonsuture techniques. The advantages and possible disadvantages of
      such a closure are discussed.

PMID- 6389640
TI  - [Role of monovalent cations in tetracycline transport in Escherichia coli].

PMID- 6389641
TI  - [Contrainsula action of adrenaline at the insulin receptor level--exogenous
      adrenaline depression of liver insulin receptor activity in rats].

PMID- 6389642
TI  - [Taxonomic significance of the lipopolysaccharide fatty acid composition of
      bacteria in the genus Proteus].

PMID- 6389643
TI  - Measurement of the acoustic nonlinearity parameter B/A in human tissues by a
      thermodynamic method.
AB  - A thermodynamic method for measuring the acoustic nonlinearity parameter B/A in
      tissues is presented. It is based on the measurement of change in phase velocity
      as a function of time as the hydrostatic pressure of the sample is quickly
      reduced from a known value. This technique circumvents the effect of the
      attenuation in the medium and does not require a prior knowledge of the
      thermodynamic parameters of the tissues. The method is used to estimate
      nonlinearity parameters for normal and malignant tissues in the temperature range
      20 degrees to 37 degrees C. The values and the temperature dependence of these
      parameters are found to vary with the nature of the tissues.

PMID- 6389644
TI  - Contributions of Afro-Americans to American dentistry.

PMID- 6389645
TI  - A randomized trail of the effects of 1 year of exercise training on computer
      measured ST segment displacement in patients with coronary artery disease.
AB  - As part of a randomized trial of the effects of 1 year of exercise training on
      patients with stable coronary artery disease, 48 patients who exercised and 59
      control patients had computerized exercise electrocardiography performed
      initially and 1 year later. The patients who had exercise training as an
      intervention had a 9% increase in measured maximal oxygen consumption and
      significant decreases in heart rate at rest and during submaximal exercise. ST
      segment displacement was analyzed 60 ms after the end of the QRS complex in the
      three-dimensional X, Y and Z leads and utilizing the spatial amplitude derived
      from them. Statistical analysis by t testing yielded no significant differences
      between the groups except for less ST segment displacement at a matched work
      load, but this could be explained by a lowered heart rate. Analysis of variance
      yielded some minor differences within clinical subgroups, particularly in the
      spatial analysis. Obvious changes in exercise-induced ST segment depression could
      not be demonstrated in this heterogeneous group of selected volunteers with
      coronary artery disease secondary to an exercise program.

PMID- 6389646
TI  - Outcome of resuscitation from bradyarrhythmic or asystolic prehospital cardiac
      arrest.
AB  - Previous studies of outcome as a function of the initial electrophysiologic
      mechanisms recorded at the scene of prehospital cardiac arrest have demonstrated
      that bradyarrhythmias and asystole have the worst prognosis. In this report, our
      observations in bradyarrhythmic and asystolic arrests occurring from 1980 to 1982
      are compared with those from 1975 to 1978. From 1980 to 1982, 61 (27%) of 225
      cardiac arrest events meeting entry criteria for the study were bradyarrhythmic
      or asystolic. Only 2 (8%) of 24 patients with asystole and 1 (20%) of 5 patients
      with sinus bradycardia survived prehospital intervention. Only 1 of these 29
      patients was discharged from the hospital alive. In contrast, 15 (47%) of 32
      patients who presented with idioventricular rhythm at initial contact survived
      prehospital intervention and were hospitalized, and 8 (25%) of these 32 were
      ultimately discharged alive. When compared with the 1975 to 1978 patients with
      bradyarrhythmia and asystole, both prehospital survival (8 versus 30%, p less
      than 0.001) and survival after hospitalization (0 versus 15%, p less than 0.05)
      significantly improved, but the improvement occurred predominantly in the
      subgroup with idioventricular rhythm. Survivors within this subgroup tended to
      have a prompt response to prehospital pharmacologic interventions that were not
      available to the 1975 to 1978 group. The response was manifested by return to a
      sinus mechanism or increase in the rate of idioventricular rhythm. In conclusion,
      outcome has improved for a specific subgroup of victims of prehospital cardiac
      arrest with bradyarrhythmia or asystole; the improved outcome may relate to field
      interventions by rescue personnel at the scene of arrest but the mortality rate
      is still high.

PMID- 6389647
TI  - Protective effect of circulating epinephrine within the physiologic range on the
      airway response to inhaled histamine in nonasthmatic subjects.
AB  - The specific airway conductance response of six normal subjects to increasing
      doses of inhaled histamine was studied on two occasions. On each occasion either
      epinephrine (0.025 micrograms/kg/min) or saline was infused intravenously during
      the histamine challenge. This dose of epinephrine, when it was administered to
      seated normal subjects, produces plasma levels similar to those found at the end
      of strenuous exercise. Epinephrine caused a significant elevation in the
      concentration of histamine required to cause a 35% fall in specific airway
      conductance (PC35), although this was in part caused by a small airway dilator
      effect. The mean (+/-SD) PC35 rose from 21 mg/ml (+/-6) during saline infusion to
      58 mg/ml (+/-27) during epinephrine infusion, p less than 0.05. Levels of
      circulating epinephrine, similar to those found during exercise in normal
      subjects, appear to be capable of protecting against bronchoconstrictor stimuli.

PMID- 6389648
TI  - Further evaluation of local intranasal immunotherapy with aqueous and allergoid
      grass extracts.
AB  - In a double-blind study, 45 grass-allergic patients received local nasal
      immunotherapy (LNIT) with either aqueous mixed-grass extract, formaldehyde
      treated, mixed-grass extract (allergoid), or histamine placebo. Twenty-four
      patients received LNIT for a second successive year, and 21 patients received
      LNIT for the first year. The aqueous extract-treated patients had significantly
      lower symptom-medication scores than either allergoid- or placebo-treated
      subjects. There was no difference in symptom-medication scores in patients
      receiving allergoid and placebo treatment or in patients receiving 1 and 2 yr of
      LNIT. The aqueous extract stimulated a rise in serum grass-specific IgE. There
      was no serum or local antibody response after allergoid-extract treatment.
      Postseasonal rises in serum-IgE titers were observed in all three groups. These
      data suggest that LNIT with aqueous mixed-grass extract significantly reduces the
      symptoms of allergic rhinitis. The allergoid grass extract was ineffective in the
      second year of treatment. No cumulative effect of LNIT could be demonstrated in
      successive years of therapy.

PMID- 6389649
TI  - Immunologic observations in sera of a patient with allergic bronchopulmonary
      aspergillosis by means of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
AB  - Titers of IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies against Aspergillus fumigatus were
      measured by ELISA in sera of a patient with allergic bronchopulmonary
      aspergillosis during an acute stage, remission, and exacerbation of the disease.
      Total IgE, specific IgE against A. fumigatus, and number of precipitation lines
      were also measured. ELISA IgG-, IgA-, and IgM-antibody titers were expressed in
      percentages of the titer of a strongly positive standard serum by use of the
      patient's own serum as a standard. The fall in antibody concentration (in
      percent) and elevations during exacerbation appeared to be similar for these
      antibody classes and are related with the number of precipitates measured by
      double immunodiffusion. Furthermore, the changes in antibody titers were also
      similar to the elevations and decreases in both total IgE and specific-IgE
      antibodies (also expressed in percentages of a chosen standard serum). The ELISA
      IgG-antibody titers were higher compared with the ELISA IgA or IgM titers and
      demonstrated a continuous decline during a period of 2 yr after the acute phase
      of ABPA. Therefore, IgG-antibody titers are preferred as an indicator of disease
      activity in follow-up studies over longer time periods and are at least as
      sensitive as the measurement of concentrations of IgE antibodies.

PMID- 6389650
TI  - Mastocytosis.

PMID- 6389651
TI  - Asthma caused by African maple (Triplochiton scleroxylon) wood dust.
AB  - Inhalation of wood dusts can cause immediate and/or late onset asthma, and the
      list of woods responsible for such reactions is increasing. We report two
      patients with asthma induced by exposure to the dust of African maple wood
      (Triplochiton scleroxylon). Type I hypersensitivity to this dust was demonstrated
      by means of immediate skin test reactivity, positive passive transfer test,
      positive reverse enzyme immunoassay for specific IgE, and an immediate bronchial
      provocation test response to an African maple-dust extract. Unexposed persons did
      not exhibit reactivity to this wood in any of the tests listed above.

PMID- 6389652
TI  - In memoriam. Marion B. Sulzberger (1895-1983). A dermatologist's contributions to
      allergy.

PMID- 6389653
TI  - A randomized trial of intra-hospital relocation of geriatric patients in a
      tertiary-care teaching hospital.
AB  - Growing numbers of aged patients are being cared for in both acute care and
      chronic care settings. It is often necessary to relocate elderly patients within
      the institution. Relocations are generally considered to increase mortality and
      morbidity among the elderly and to be detrimental to activities of daily living.
      Effects of relocation on long-term patients in an acute care institution are
      examined. Thirty-six (36) patients were assigned to experimental and control
      groups. The experimental group (n = 20) was relocated for nine weeks, while
      members of the control group (n = 16) remained in their original units. The two
      groups were evaluated for differences in mortality, morbidity, activities of
      daily living, and drug management. The experimental group was managed by a
      geriatrics team during the nine-week relocation period, while the control group
      remained under the supervision of a general medical surgical team. No
      statistically significant (P less than 0.05) differences were found with respect
      to mortality and morbidity, activities of daily living, or drug management. Some
      clinical improvements were noticed in the experimental group under the geriatrics
      team's supervision. The authors conclude that if careful consideration is given
      to the relocation of long-term patients in an acute care setting, detrimental
      outcomes can be avoided.

PMID- 6389654
TI  - Botulism in the elderly.
AB  - Two cases of type A botulism in elderly patients are presented, followed by an
      overview of the disease. Typical features demonstrated by these patients included
      home food preservation, multiple cases, and early GI tract symptoms followed by
      diplopia, ptosis, generalized weakness, and respiratory impairment while
      sensation and deep tendon reflexes remained intact. Fatal outcomes are more
      likely in the elderly. The CDC should be contacted early in cases of suspected
      botulism.

PMID- 6389655
TI  - The total contact cast. A therapy for plantar ulceration on insensitive feet.

PMID- 6389656
TI  - [Idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy].

PMID- 6389657
TI  - [History of strabismus surgery].
AB  - The history of strabismus surgery starts from the end of the eighteenth century.
      The first surgical trials consisted of performing myotomies of the medial rectus.
      Although Taylor from Great Britain could be one of the first to be mentioned, it
      was Dieffenbach from Germany who accomplished the first official myotomy in 1839.
      He is followed by many authors as Roux, Velpeau in Paris, and Bonnet in Lyon, the
      latter performing tenotomy instead of myotomy. In 1849 Guerin performed muscular
      advancement. In 1883, de Wecker described the muscular pleating, and Blascowiczs
      the muscular resection. Thus, by the end of the nineteenth century, the surgical
      treatment of esodeviations was supported by methods aimed to weaken the medial
      rectus (tenotomies, myotomies) and to strengthen the lateral rectus (advancement,
      pleating and resection). During twentieth century, progress achieved in
      anesthesiology and the quality of suture material led Jameson (1922) to
      substitute tenotomy by muscular recession. Since then, the surgery of squint has
      never been modified basically up to 1970 when Cuppers created the retro
      equatorial myopexy. Thus, two kinds of surgical technics are currently available
      to surgeons: classic surgery, recession, resection and their variants, dealing
      with the static component of the deviation angle, and the Faden Operation of
      Cuppers struggling against the dynamic or innervational component.

PMID- 6389658
TI  - Silicone shard formation: a product of implant arthroplasty.
AB  - Silicone shard formation appears to be an unavoidable result of implant
      arthroplasty. In light of this phenomenon, the authors present a review of the
      literature and an examination of the causes of microfragmentation of pedal
      implants.

PMID- 6389659
TI  - Surgical management of forefoot supinatus in flexible flatfoot deformity.
AB  - In the past, many surgical procedures have been advocated for correction of
      painful flexible flatfoot deformity. More recent opinions advocate the concept
      that no one procedure is appropriate to all flatfoot deformities. Individual
      assessment is now necessary to determine the predominant component deformities.
      One such component deformity frequently encountered is forefoot supinatus. The
      authors review the more commonly performed procedures for this problem, as well
      as their preferred approach of the modified Hoke arthrodesis or Cotton osteotomy.
      The choice of procedure is dictated by whether the first metatarsal or
      longitudinal axis subluxation predominates.

PMID- 6389660
TI  - Comparison of single and combined tests for the evaluation of plasma growth
      hormone secretion in normal short children.
AB  - Growth hormone (GH) response to provocative tests was compared in normal short
      children. Seven of 23 children failed to respond to insulin hypoglycemia. Using
      insulin hypoglycemia followed by L-dopa only 2 of 23 children did not respond and
      giving bromocriptine combined with insulin hypoglycemia only 1 of 8 children
      failed to respond. All children submitted to propranolol followed by exercise (n
      = 14) and to bromocriptine followed by exercise (n = 6) responded with a
      satisfactory increase in plasma GH levels. The increase elicited by propranolol
      and exercise was higher than that induced by insulin hypoglycemia alone (p less
      than 0.005), exercise alone (p less than 0.05) or L-dopa after insulin
      hypoglycemia (p less than 0.01). The rise of GH induced by bromocriptine and
      exercise was higher than that obtained with insulin hypoglycemia alone (p less
      than 0.05). This study suggests that both adrenergic and dopaminergic mechanisms
      are involved in exercise induced GH release and confirms that combined tests are
      more useful than a single test to evaluate GH secretion.

PMID- 6389661
TI  - Coincidence of pseudohypoaldosteronism with gluten-enteropathy.
AB  - This is a 21-month-old boy with pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA) in coincidence with
      celiac disease. The diagnosis of PHA was made on the basis of hyponatremia,
      hyperkalemia and large urinary salt losses, as well as high renin activity and
      aldosterone levels and increased urinary plasma aldosterone. Whereas
      mineralocorticoid therapy was ineffective, salt therapy has proven successful.
      The patient's HLA type was found to be characteristic of gluten-enteropathy (A1,
      B8, DR3). The combination of PHA and celiac disease has not yet been described
      and is probably a coincidence. However, it is suggested that other PHA patients
      be typed in order to investigate the segregation between HLA type, PHA and celiac
      disease.

PMID- 6389663
TI  - In search of a super oral rehydration solution: can optimum use of organic solute
      mediated sodium absorption lead to the development of an absorption promoting
      drug?

PMID- 6389662
TI  - The pathogenesis of endemic cretinism.

PMID- 6389664
TI  - Epidemic dysentery caused by the Shiga bacillus in a southern Indian village.

PMID- 6389665
TI  - Detection of heat-labile enterotoxin-producing Escherichia coli strains by a
      staphylococcal coagglutination technique.

PMID- 6389666
TI  - Annotated bibliography of Asian literature on diarrhoeal diseases.

PMID- 6389667
TI  - Isolation and characterization of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli from patients
      with traveller's diarrhoea in Osaka.

PMID- 6389668
TI  - How not to do a liver biopsy.

PMID- 6389669
TI  - The regulation of high cost technology medicine: the case of dialysis and
      transplantation in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 6389670
TI  - Bronchiolitis: a clinical review.
AB  - Bronchiolitis is an acute viral infection primarily caused by respiratory
      syncytial virus, affecting children under 2 years of age with a peak prior to six
      months. The clinical picture results from an inflammatory process of the small
      bronchi and bronchioles. Infants present with tachypnea and wheezing often
      accompanied by respiratory distress and hyperinflation. Supportive care is
      essential, children respond slowly to hydration and careful observation.
      Respiratory distress requires hospitalization with treatment including oxygen and
      ventilator support as indicated.

PMID- 6389671
TI  - William Osler: narcotic-induced pulmonary edema.
AB  - William Osler described the first reported case of narcotic-induced pulmonary
      edema in 1880. The description is that of autopsy findings of a patient who died
      of narcotic poisoning. Since that time, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema has come
      to be known to accompany overdose with a number of drugs, most notably heroin.
      Clinical manifestations and radiographic findings vary. The exact pathogenesis is
      unclear, although the mechanism is known to involve increased alveolar capillary
      permeability. Treatment consists of reversal of respiratory depression,
      oxygenation, and respiratory support. Rapid improvement with treatment is the
      rule.

PMID- 6389672
TI  - C.S. Campbell: Gamekeeper's thumb.
AB  - Rupture of the ulnar collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the
      thumb is an injury frequently encountered by the emergency physician. The
      mechanism of injury is usually a fall onto the abducted thumb. The setting is
      frequently one of athletic endeavor, especially skiing, in which this is the most
      commonly encountered upper extremity injury. The physical findings typical of
      collateral ligament rupture may easily be overlooked on casual examination. When
      not appropriately managed, the injury may result in chronic pain, weakness, and
      joint instability. The eponym "gamekeeper's thumb" derives from a report of
      similar injuries described as occurring in a series of British gamekeepers.

PMID- 6389673
TI  - Detection of circulating antigen in bancroftian filariasis by sandwich ELISA
      using filarial serum IgG.
AB  - The utility of the IgG fraction of human filarial serum immunoglobulin in
      detecting circulating antigen by sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA) was studied. 27 of 33 sera from persons with microfilaraemia, 19 of 30
      sera from clinical cases of filariasis, 4 of 30 sera from normal persons from a
      region endemic for filariasis showed the presence of circulating filarial
      antigen. All the 20 normal sera from the area where filariasis was not endemic
      gave negative reaction for filarial antigen. Those sera from persons with
      microfilaraemia that showed the presence of circulating antigen also showed an
      apparent positive correlation between the microfilarial density and the antigen
      titre.

PMID- 6389674
TI  - William Healy (1869-1963): pioneer child psychiatrist and criminologist.
AB  - William Healy, M.D., a pioneer psychiatrist and criminologist, established the
      first child guidance clinic in the United States in 1909, and was an early
      advocate of both the "team approach" and the "child's own story" in treatment and
      research. One of the founders and the first president of the American
      Orthopsychiatric Association, Healy helped introduce Freudian thought into the
      United States. Among his contributions to the field of criminology are his book
      The Individual Delinquent (1915) and his "multifactor theory" of delinquency,
      which broadened the field and moved it away from European criminology's stress on
      genetic factors. Healy developed an elaborate methodology for the complete study
      of the offender by a variety of specialists. He was also a reformer in the field
      of corrections, based on his investigations of several institutions for
      delinquents.

PMID- 6389675
TI  - Freud's "Project": a theory for Studies on Hysteria.
AB  - The controversy about the place of Sigmund Freud's unfinished draft of 1895,
      "Project for a Scientific Psychology," in the history of his thought, is
      addressed. It is argued that the "Project" may be understood as a suppressed
      response to the theory of hysteria presented by Josef Breuer in his and Freud's
      joint work, Studies on Hysteria. It is suggested that the "Project" may be read,
      in part, as a substitute for Breuer's theory. The timing and circumstances of the
      "Project's" composition are discussed. Its substantive and formal congruence with
      Studies on Hysteria is brought out. Freud's comments on scientific hypotheses are
      discussed, and it is shown that they constitute an implicit criticism of Breuer's
      theory.

PMID- 6389676
TI  - A note on the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society: Felix Deutsch's letters, 1923 and
      1935.
AB  - Two brief periods when Felix and Helene Deutsch were living apart, but
      communicating by letter, offer a rare glimpse of the inner workings of the Vienna
      Psychoanalytic Society.

PMID- 6389677
TI  - A note on the origin of the term "nature and nurture": not Shakespeare and
      Galton, but Mulcaster.

PMID- 6389678
TI  - Internal secretions in disease: the historical relations of clinical medicine and
      scientific physiology.

PMID- 6389679
TI  - Medical society regulation of fees in Boston 1780-1820.

PMID- 6389680
TI  - Physicians and psychics: the Anglo-American medical response to spiritualism,
      1870-1890.

PMID- 6389681
TI  - A letter from Louis Pasteur to Marc Armand Ruffer.

PMID- 6389682
TI  - Dr. James M. Watson of Falmouth, Massachusetts: preventive medicine on Cape Cod.

PMID- 6389683
TI  - Relevance without presentism. "Mental illness and American society, 1875-1940."
      By Gerald Grob. Essay review.

PMID- 6389684
TI  - A renaissance for medical history.

PMID- 6389685
TI  - Gargilius Martialis as a medical writer.

PMID- 6389686
TI  - Salted fish products in ancient medicine.

PMID- 6389687
TI  - Melancholy rhetoricians and melancholy rhetoric: "black bile" as a rhetorical and
      medical term in the second century A.D.

PMID- 6389688
TI  - Dorothy Schullian retires from the Journal.

PMID- 6389689
TI  - Charles Meryon and physicians.

PMID- 6389690
TI  - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek's explanation in 1704 of the function of eyelids.

PMID- 6389691
TI  - The myth of lead poisoning among the Romans: an essay review.

PMID- 6389692
TI  - Identification of protease isozymes after analytical isoelectric focusing using
      fluorogenic substrates impregnated into cellulose membranes.
AB  - A technique to characterize active isozymes of proteases is described. After
      isoelectric focusing in an ultrathin gel, a cellulose diacetate or hydrate
      membrane previously impregnated with media containing a fluorogenic substrate is
      applied to the surface of the gel. Low-molecular-weight peptide inhibitors can
      also be added to the membrane to enhance specificity. The technique shows
      excellent reproducibility, specificity, and sensitivity, and has promise for the
      study of isozymes of proteases in tissues and body fluids in normal and
      pathological states.

PMID- 6389693
TI  - Electron microscopic localization of neuron-specific enolase in rat and mouse
      brain.
AB  - The cellular distribution and intracellular localization of neuron-specific
      enolase (NSE) has been studied by electron microscopic immunocytochemistry in the
      brain of the rat and of the mouse. Although the intensity of staining was less in
      the mouse, the same structures were positive in both species. In the cerebrum,
      the neuronal perikarya and dendrites were intensely stained, but staining was
      almost entirely absent in the presynaptic terminals. The deep neurons of the
      brain stem were also positive. In the cerebellum, perikarya, axons, and parallel
      fibers of the granule cell neurons were stained as were the synaptic vesicles and
      presynaptic membranes of the synapses between the parallel fibers and the
      Purkinje cell dendrites. Golgi cell dendrites, basket cells and their axons, and
      mossy fibers were also positive. In contrast, the Purkinje cells including their
      dendrites, and the climbing fibers that formed synapses with the Purkinje cell
      dendrites were not stained. The majority of the myelinated axons in both the
      cerebrum and the cerebellum did not stain, but the fibrillary astrocytic
      processes between myelinated axons in the white matter did. Oligodendroglia,
      protoplasmic astrocytes, Bergmann glia, astrocytes investing capillaries, and
      vascular endothelial cells were negative for reaction product. In the positively
      staining cells and their processes, the positivity was dispersed throughout the
      cytoplasm and corresponded most closely to the distribution of ribosomes, the
      granular endoplasmic reticulum, and microtubules. Nuclei, mitochondria, the
      cisternae of the Golgi complex, myelin lamellae, and most membranes were not
      stained.

PMID- 6389694
TI  - A tribute to N. R. Grist.

PMID- 6389695
TI  - Antimicrobial resistance and the ecology of Escherichia coli plasmids.
AB  - Four hundred and seven clinical isolates of Escherichia coli were examined for
      the presence of plasmids. These isolates comprised 189 which were collected
      irrespective of antimicrobial resistance (VP) and 218 which were collected on the
      basis of high-level trimethoprim resistance (TPR). The VP isolates were divided
      into drug sensitive (VPS) and drug-resistant (VPR) subpopulations. Plasmids were
      detected in 88% of VP isolates (81% of VPS and 94% of VPR) and 98% of TPR
      isolates. The distribution of plasmids in both groups and subpopulations was very
      similar. However, there were small but statistically significant differences
      between the plasmid distributions. These showed that more isolates in the
      resistant groups harboured plasmids than in the sensitive subpopulation (VPS) and
      that the number of plasmids carried by resistant isolates was greater. Multiple
      drug resistance was significantly more common among TPR isolates than the VPR
      subpopulation and this was paralleled by increased numbers of plasmids. Fifty
      eight per cent of VPR and 57% of TPR isolates transferred antimicrobial
      resistance and plasmids to E. coli K12. Of the R+ isolates, 60% carried small
      plasmids (MW less than 20Md) and 52% of these co-transferred with R-plasmids.
      These results are discussed.

PMID- 6389696
TI  - Hepatitis B core antigen synthesised in Escherichia coli: its use for antibody
      screening in patients attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases.
AB  - Hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) synthesised in Escherichia coli by recombinant
      DNA techniques was compared with HBcAg prepared from infected liver tissue. The
      two antigens were used in radioimmunoassays (RIA) to detect antibody to HBcAg
      (anti-HBc) in sera from patients attending a clinic for sexually transmitted
      diseases. Out of 2151 sera tested, 260 were anti-HBc positive with both HBcAg
      preparations but seven were positive with the liver-derived antigen alone.
      Reasons for these discrepant results are discussed. The slight loss of
      sensitivity of the anti-HBc RIA using E. coli HBcAg was not considered
      significant when compared with the potential advantages of a synthetic antigen.
      The presence of other hepatitis B markers in the 267 anti-HBc positive sera was
      determined: 25 contained HBsAg, 220 anti-HBs and, of the 22 that were HBsAg/anti
      HBs negative, 12 contained anti-HBe. In the 10 remaining sera, anti-HBc was the
      only hepatitis B marker that could be found.

PMID- 6389697
TI  - Interpretation of responses and protective levels of antibody against attenuated
      influenza A viruses using single radial haemolysis.
AB  - Antibody determinations against H3N2 and H1N1 type A influenza viruses were
      carried out on paired sera obtained from volunteers taking part in influenza
      virus vaccine studies, using both the haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and
      single radial haemolysis (SRH) test. Good correlation between the HI and SRH test
      was found for both H3N2 and H1N1 antibody and the zone area increases
      corresponding to significant SRH antibody rises determined for both virus
      strains. In both H3N2 and H1N1 vaccine studies, intranasal infection of the
      volunteers with live attenuated viruses was involved and by the measurement of HI
      and SRH antibodies prior to and following infection, levels of antibody equating
      with protection against the infecting viruses could be estimated. For the HI test
      the antibody titres associated with 50% protection were 42 for H1N1, and 44 for
      H3N2 viruses; for the SRH test, 50% protection was associated with zone areas of
      20.0-25.0 mm2 for both H1N1 and H3N2 viruses.

PMID- 6389698
TI  - A bacteriocin produced by certain M-type 49 Streptococcus pyogenes strains when
      incubated anaerobically.
AB  - Bacteriocin production (P)-typing of 75 M-type 49 group-A streptococci obtained
      from a variety of epidemiological incidents in different countries gave no
      evidence of production under the usual aerobic test conditions. However, with
      anaerobic incubation, 28% of the strains gave a pattern of inhibitory activity
      against the indicator strains which was indistinguishable from that previously
      attributed to the bacteriocin, streptococcin A-FF22 (SA-FF22). Isolation and
      partial purification of the M type 49 bacteriocin (SA-M49) by freeze-thaw elution
      from anaerobically grown lawn cultures, followed by ammonium sulphate
      precipitation and Sephadex chromatography, showed the activity to be associated
      with a heat-stable proteinaceous molecule of molecular weight approximately 8000 
      properties similar to those of SA-FF22. SA-FF22 and SA-M49 were found to have
      identical inhibitory spectra including immunity of the producer strains to the
      inhibitory activity of both the homologous and heterologous bacteriocin
      preparations. SA-M49 production occurred in some strains of phage subtypes II,
      III and provisional VI and, since it was a consistent property for all isolates
      from single outbreaks of infection, it provides a means of discriminating between
      strains of each of these three phage subtypes. There was no evidence of any
      increased incidence of SA-M49 production in M-type 49 strains associated with
      nephritic sequelae.

PMID- 6389699
TI  - Vaccination against Klebsiella aerogenes.
AB  - Klebsiella vaccine was prepared from strains of Klebsiella aerogenes with
      capsular types K1, K36, K44 and K Cross (a type which cross-reacts in vitro with
      sera from many klebsiella capsular types). The vaccine was extracted by dialysis
      and ultrafiltration from capsular material released during growth of the bacteria
      in a five-day batch culture. Mice given one dose of vaccine from K1a (1.0
      microgram/mouse) survived lethal intraperitoneal challenge of 11/11 homologous
      klebsiella strains four days after vaccination; 14 days after vaccination
      protection against the same challenge strains had declined to 5/11 strains.
      Vaccines from K1a, b, c, K36, K44 and K Cross induced homologous protection and
      protected mice against different ranges of heterologous klebsiella capsular
      types. The protective response of the mice was greatly enhanced by administering
      three doses of the vaccines. Vaccines from K1, K36, K44 and K Cross protected
      mice against 14/20, 11/20, 10/20 and 9/20 homologous and heterologous klebsiella
      challenge strains respectively. None of the klebsiella vaccines was toxic for
      mice at the immunizing dose (1.0 microgram/mouse). Vaccine from K36 was the most
      lethal, killing mice at 10(3) immunizing doses. The least toxic vaccine was from
      K44, which killed mice at 10(4) immunizing doses.

PMID- 6389700
TI  - Human blood B lymphocytes with receptors for sheep erythrocytes--their relevance
      in techniques to obtain T cells depleted of mature B cells.
AB  - After B lymphocyte depletion, blood lymphocytes (PBMC) from certain individuals
      will generate substantial quantities of immunoglobulin (Ig) when cultured with
      pokeweed mitogen (PWM). The present investigations were aimed at analysing the
      cell subset in these T cell preparations, that was responsible for Ig production
      especially since the quantity of Ig generated was disproportionate to numbers of
      contaminating sIg-bearing B cells. Ficoll-Hypaque PBMC from 17 individuals were
      subjected to overnight sheep erythrocyte rosetting. Rosetted cells were subjected
      to very slow (100 X g) density gradient centrifugation to isolate T rosettes (and
      deplete PBMC of B cells). In 6 of these 17 individuals, such enriched T cells
      repeatedly generated substantial quantities of plasmacytoid cells after an 8-day
      culture in the presence of PWM and helper factors. Mean values for plasmacytoid
      cells per 1000 cells recovered were as follows: T cells 168.16 +/- 96.7 SD, B
      cells 226.67 +/- 161.1, PBMC 225.67 +/- 78.9. In further experiments,
      contaminating surface immunoglobulin (sIg)-positive B cells (less than 2% sIg
      positive) were removed from the T cell preparations by the "panning" method, i.e.
      layering T cells on plates precoated with antisera specific for human Ig
      (polyvalent), and lysis of B cells with a monoclonal antibody BA-1. In these 6
      individuals, removal of B cells by both these techniques completely abolished
      generation of plasmacytoid cells, thus confirming that it is a contaminating B
      cell subset which is responsible for Ig production in these T cell preparations.
      These data indicate that in certain individuals there are B cells that separate
      out with T cells during the E-rosette isolation procedure. With double
      immunofluorescence techniques, it became apparent that 4.8 +/- 1.3% of TRITC
      labeled sIgM-bearing B cells were also labeled with FITC-conjugated monoclonal
      antibody to the sheep erythrocyte receptor. Kuritani and Cooper have previously
      demonstrated that PWM-responsive B cell precursors of IgM, IgG, or IgA
      plasmacytoid cells lack sIgD and, hence, comprise about 10-15% of the total B
      cells in PBMC. Our data would indicate that in certain individuals, about half
      this subset forms E-rosettes, which may explain why both E-rosette separated T
      cells and enriched B cells make similar quantities of plasmacytoid cells.

PMID- 6389701
TI  - Detection of islet cell surface antibodies by an indirect rosette assay, using
      islet cells and Protein A-labeled sheep red blood cells.
AB  - An indirect rosette assay for detecting islet cell surface antibodies (ICSA), the
      autoantibodies directed to the membranous antigens of islet cells, has been
      developed. In this assay, Protein A-conjugated sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were
      used. Both viable and fixed SRBC were available. The results obtained using this
      new method in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients were not only
      sensitive, but also correlated with results of the indirect immunofluorescence
      method currently used for detecting ICSA. Furthermore, in studies of
      streptozotocin-treated diabetic mice or rats, the courses of ICSA appearance were
      successively demonstrated by this indirect rosette formation assay. Special
      advantages of this method are that materials are easily obtained and cost
      effective, as the sample volume is small and the number of islet cells required
      is also small. Assays can be readily performed without a need for radioisotopic
      or fluorescent equipment. This method provides a reliable laboratory test for
      diagnosis of autoimmune diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6389702
TI  - The use of detergents in velocity sedimentation of cell culture IgM.
AB  - The biosynthetically radiolabelled secreted proteins of human lymphoblastoid cell
      lines have been analysed by sucrose gradient velocity sedimentation. The addition
      of detergent to the gradient buffer dramatically improves the recovery of
      immunoglobulins from cell line supernatants, allowing the gradient fractions to
      be analysed further both serologically and biochemically. The results of these
      analyses show that IgM is synthesised in the 19S form and can be clearly
      separated from other components which include free light chains. Immunoglobulin
      appears to form a much larger portion of the proteins secreted by human
      lymphoblastoid lines than has formerly been recognised, a finding which may be of
      practical importance for the development and exploitation of human monoclonal
      antibodies.

PMID- 6389703
TI  - Analysis of chemical and biochemical properties of membrane molecules in situ by
      analytical flow cytometry with monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Methods are described for analysing chemical and biochemical properties of
      membrane antigens against which monoclonal antibodies are available. The methods
      are based on gentle manipulation of whole viable cells and quantitative flow
      cytometric fluorescence analysis of the effect of such treatment on monoclonal
      antibody binding. Proteolytic enzymes, glycosidases, inhibitors of biosynthesis
      and various mild chemical treatments have been used to derive information on the
      chemical nature of individual membrane antigens, their insertion in the membrane,
      and their turnover. The nature of the particular epitope detected by a monoclonal
      antibody may be probed in a similar way.

PMID- 6389704
TI  - A computer program for the evaluation of ELISA data obtained using an automated
      microtiter plate absorbance reader.
AB  - A new computer program is described which calculates titers and antibody
      concentrations from ELISA data. Optical densities are measured in 96-well
      microtiter plates using an automated colorimeter and simultaneously fed into a
      microcomputer. The data can then be arranged and printed in an 8 X 12 format
      corresponding to the format of a 96-well microtiter plate. The computer program
      can also compute the titers of samples if the samples are arranged and titrated
      in one of the suggested formats. In addition, the titers of unknown samples can
      be automatically compared with the titer of a standard to obtain concentrations.
      An ELISA designed to measure the concentration of murine antibodies to the cell
      wall polysaccharide (PnC) extracted from Streptococcus pneumoniae was performed
      to document the use of the program.

PMID- 6389705
TI  - An improved microculture-hemolytic spot assay for the study of carrier-specific
      antibody responses.
AB  - A microculture system based on limiting dilution and a hemolytic spot assay was
      adapted for study of the carrier-specific anti-hapten response in vitro. Spleen
      or lymph node cells from normal mice or mice immunized with NIP-ovalbumin (NIP
      OVA) or NIP-human thyroglobulin (NIP-Tg) were cultured for 5 days by the
      microculture technique. The anti-hapten (anti-NIP) response was measured by
      assaying the supernatants of the microcultures in a hemolytic spot test with NIP
      coupled to sheep red blood cells. A micro-ELISA reader was adapted to read the
      degree of lysis in the spot assay which gives an objective quantitation of the
      degree of lysis and thus reduces the number of culture replicates. In vivo
      induced specific helper cells in mice immunized with the carrier protein, human
      thyroglobulin, as well as carrier-specific T cell factors, gave rise to carrier
      specific anti-NIP responses. The microculture system may enhance the expression
      of T-cell helper function when suppressor cells or their precursors are present
      in the initial cell preparation.

PMID- 6389706
TI  - Enzyme immunoassay of antibodies to epithelial glycoprotein: increased level of
      antibodies in coeliac disease.
AB  - From the papules of a patient with massive cutaneous hyalinosis, we earlier
      isolated a mannose-rich glycoprotein that, by immunohistochemical methods, was
      also shown to be present in epithelial cells of small intestine and normal skin.
      A solid-phase enzyme immunoassay of IgG and IgM antibodies to this epithelial
      glycoprotein is described, in which polystyrene tubes are coated with the
      purified antigen. The antibodies are allowed to bind, and are detected with
      alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-human IgG and IgM. IgG, IgA and IgM
      antibodies were determined in the sera of patients with pemphigus, pemphigoid,
      dermatitis herpetiformis, several autoimmune diseases, in a patient with massive
      cutaneous hyalinosis, in coeliac disease, and in control subjects. Very high
      values were found in the patient with massive cutaneous hyalinosis, and
      significantly elevated values in coeliac disease. In the other patient groups
      values were equal to or only slightly higher than in controls.

PMID- 6389707
TI  - Plaque/focus immunoassay: a simple method for detecting antiviral monoclonal or
      other antibodies and viral antigens in cells.
AB  - A new, simple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is described which is
      performed directly on infected and fixed cell cultures in microtitre plates. It
      permits large scale screening of antiviral monoclonal antibodies and
      differentiation of specific antibodies from those usually responsible for high
      background reactions in other ELISA techniques. Time consuming purification of
      antigens is thus avoided. The plaque/focus immunoassay is also applicable to
      titration of antibodies in patients' sera and antigens in lytically or non
      lytically virus-infected cells. It may also be used to localize antigens in
      different cell compartments. This immunoassay requires no special equipment and
      results may be evaluated either with the naked eye or using a light microscope.

PMID- 6389708
TI  - Human fascioliasis (distomatosis)

PMID- 6389709
TI  - A profile of skin sepsis in meat handlers.
AB  - Four hundred and sixty-seven episodes of sepsis associated with meat handling and
      poultry processing occupations were seen in two Health Districts of North
      Yorkshire in a period of just over five years. Altogether 389 patients were
      infected in 16 outbreaks and 24 sporadic incidents; spread of infection was noted
      in families of nine workers. The variety of skin infections included septic cuts
      and scratches, paronychia, abscess, lymphangitis as well as infection in pierced
      ear lobes and in tattoos. Beta-haemolytic streptococci or Staphylococcus aureus
      were present in 96 per cent of the 303 episodes that yielded positive cultures.
      These included 203 episodes with Streptococcus pyogenes and 170 with S. aureus.
      Skin sepsis appears to be common among meat handlers in this part of England.

PMID- 6389710
TI  - Re-emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus causing severe
      infection.

PMID- 6389711
TI  - The prevalence of antibodies reactive with Campylobacter jejuni in the serum of
      homosexual men.
AB  - Samples of serum from 187 homosexual and 169 heterosexual men were examined by
      means of an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test for the presence of antibody
      reactive with Campylobacter jejuni. Antibody of the IgG class was detected in the
      serum of 19 (10.2 per cent) and 15 (8.9 per cent) homo- and heterosexual men
      respectively. The prevalence of serum antibody in men attending a sexually
      transmitted diseases clinic was higher than in a previously reported control
      group.

PMID- 6389712
TI  - The role of Gardnerella vaginalis in 'non-specific' vaginitis.

PMID- 6389713
TI  - Serological evidence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in non-immunocompromised
      adults with pneumonia.
AB  - Serological evidence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in three non
      immunocompromised adults with pneumonia is presented. Complement fixation (CF)
      tests indicated chlamydial infections in all three patients. These illnesses
      would have been erroneously regarded as ornithosis if microimmunofluorescence
      (Micro-IF) tests had not been performed because the CF test detects genus
      specific antibodies while the Micro-IF test reveals species-specific antibodies.

PMID- 6389714
TI  - [Direct cutaneous ureterostomy: a new technic. Preliminary results].
AB  - A current problem in urology involves the search for a method of high urine
      bypass which combines simplicity of application with therapeutic efficacy. A new
      technique of direct cutaneous ureterostomy is described which is applicable to
      both narrow and dilated ureters, and which prevents stenosis without
      catheterization. The originality of the method resides in the association of two
      previously described artifices. The first is related to the parietal crossing and
      involves interlocking of the aponeuroses of the external oblique and transverse
      abdominal muscles with resulting displacement of the internal oblique muscle
      fibers outside of the parietal course of the ureter. The second artifice concerns
      the ureterocutaneous anastomosis, with the formation of a skin flap in V sutured
      to the terminal portion of the axially incised ureter, the point of the V being
      attached to the apex of the incision. Ureteral vascularization must be respected
      and a sufficient length of ureter used to ensure anastomosis without traction. An
      indwelling ureteral catheter is maintained for one month, followed by urographic
      and ultrasonographic surveillance at progressively increasing intervals. This
      operative procedure was used in 23 patients (21 men and 2 women), age 48 to 74
      years, with bladder cancer necessitating total enlarged cystoprostatectomy.
      Bilateral cutaneous ureterostomy was performed in 19 cases, and the unilateral
      operation (single kidney) in 4 patients. Of the 41 ureters on which a bypass was
      performed, 31 were initially narrow and 10 dilated. Overall results for 41
      ureters showed that 34 (82,9%) were permeable after 18 months, a catheter having
      to be maintained in 7 cases only (17,1%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6389715
TI  - [Historical considerations on La Peyronie's disease. Very little has changed!].
AB  - Peyronie's disease on plastic induration of the corpus cavernosum was described
      by La Peyronie in 1743. Initial clinical descriptions, based on 5 cases, were
      extremely clear. A surprising similarity is seen between comments on pathology
      and etiopathogenicity made in the past and current concepts. As early as 1886 it
      was suggested that inflammation was followed by fibrosis. Similarly, it has been
      known from 1850 that diabetes and Dupuytren's disease are frequently associated
      with Peyronie's disease. Although surgical removal of nodules and the use of a
      prosthesis were not mentioned, a thesis by Merle in 1899 suggested that treatment
      should consist of contralateral plication to reduce the effect of deviation of
      the fold resulting from the disease itself.

PMID- 6389716
TI  - Demonstration of pemphigus antibodies on the cell surface of murine epidermal
      cell monolayers and their internalization.
AB  - The pathogenic effects of pemphigus vulgaris (PV) antibodies on epidermal cells
      can be demonstrated both in vitro using skin organ culture or primary epidermal
      cell cultures (PECC) and in vivo by passive transfer of PV antibodies into
      neonatal BALB/c mice. Although PV antibodies have been localized on the epidermal
      cell surface by several techniques, little is known about the fate of these
      autoantibodies subsequent to their surface binding. We have examined this, using
      murine PECC which express pemphigus antigen on their surface, and followed the
      fate of the bound antibody molecules. Forty-eight-hour PECC were incubated at 37
      degrees C with PV antibodies for 20 min and then with horseradish peroxidase
      labelled antihuman IgG. This was considered time 0. The monolayers were fixed
      with glutaraldehyde after 0, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 18, and 24 h incubation at 37 degrees
      C and then processed for electron microscopy. At time 0 hour, PV antibodies is
      detected bound evenly along the surface of keratinocytes. Within 30 min, the
      bound PV antibodies becomes clustered, internalized into submembranous vesicles
      via surface pits, and eventually fused with lysosomes. Widening of the
      intercellular spaces was also seen in PECC treated with PV antibodies within the
      first 24 h. PECC treated with normal human IgG in parallel cultures showed no
      such surface binding, internalization, or cell-cell detachment. Treatment with
      cytochalasin-D and/or colchicine did not affect the internalization of the PV
      antibodies, but fusion with lysosomes was not seen in treated cultures. These
      findings suggest that PV antibodies binds a surface antigen and the complex is
      internalized and fused with lysosomes in a process that may have pathophysiologic
      relevance.

PMID- 6389717
TI  - Local regulation of cutaneous blood flow in psoriasis.
AB  - Local regulation of cutaneous blood flow (CBF), i.e., the venoarteriolar reflex
      mechanism and the autoregulation response, was studied in 27 patients with
      psoriasis using atraumatic epicutaneous 133Xe-labeling tracer washout technique.
      Venous stasis of 40 mm Hg induced a significant reduction in CBF--as in normal
      subjects (i.e., a vasoconstrictor response)-in both involved psoriatic skin (0.47
      +/- SEM 0.04, p less than 0.0001) and uninvolved psoriatic skin (0.38 +/- SEM
      0.03, p less than 0.0001). The vasoconstrictor response to neural blockade with
      lidocaine was investigated in two control experiments in psoriatic skin. It was
      found to be normal: neural blockade with lidocaine 2 cm outside the measured
      field did not affect the vasoconstrictor response, whereas local infiltration
      with lidocaine did block the vasoconstrictor reflex. Limb elevation of 40 cm
      above heart level induced a 2-fold significant increase in the CBF of involved
      psoriatic skin in 10 patients. This response is a paradoxical deviation from
      normal local autoregulation of the CBF (p less than 0.002). Limb elevation had no
      significant influence on CBF of uninvolved psoriatic skin, indicating a normal
      autoregulation of the CBF. The paradoxical increase in CBF during limb elevation
      in involved psoriatic skin was not influenced by local neural blockade with
      lidocaine, or by local neural and vascular, smooth muscle blockade obtained by
      injection of lidocaine and papaverine. The results indicate that the reason for
      this paradoxical phenomenon might be due to the special morphology of the
      capillaries of involved psoriatic skin.

PMID- 6389718
TI  - Prevention of fatal experimental burn-wound sepsis due to Klebsiella pneumoniae
      KP1-O by immunization with homologous capsular polysaccharide.
AB  - The immunogenicity and protective capacity of highly purified Klebsiella
      pneumoniae KP1-O capsular polysaccharide was evaluated. Polysaccharide antigen
      from K. pneumoniae KP1-O was isolated, purified, and characterized. The final
      preparation consisted primarily of carbohydrate and was of high molecular weight
      (greater than or equal to 5 X 10(6]. The polysaccharide antigen was found to be
      immunogenic in mice in a dose-dependent fashion, as determined by ELISA. Prior
      immunization of mice with low doses of K. pneumoniae KP1-O polysaccharide
      provided highly significant protection (P less than .01) against fatal burn wound
      sepsis with the homologous strain. The level of protection correlated with IgG
      ELISA titers and was dependent upon prevention of bacteremia following challenge.

PMID- 6389719
TI  - Clindamycin activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum.
AB  - The clindamycin dose-response curves observed with both chloroquine-resistant and
      chloroquine-susceptible strains of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro demonstrated a
      plateau region that extended from 10(-2) to 10(1) micrograms/ml of drug (22 nM to
      22 microM). Similar dose-response curves were also observed with the three major
      metabolites of clindamycin (clindamycin sulfoxide, de-N-methyl clindamycin, and
      de-N-methyl clindamycin sulfoxide). The position of this plateau was time
      dependent and rose from 20%-25% to 90%-95% inhibition of parasite growth between
      24 and 72 hr of exposure to the drug. Clinidamycin treatment reduced plasmodial
      protein and nucleic acid synthesis (as measured by the incorporation of
      [3H]isoleucine and [3H]hypoxanthine, respectively) but did not interfere with
      knob formation. The combination of quinine plus a fixed concentration of
      clindamycin (0.1 microgram/ml) inhibited growth of the quinine-resistant
      Indochina I strain, although most of the antiplasmodial activity observed at
      quinine concentrations less than 50 ng/ml (154 nM) could be attributed to
      clindamycin alone.

PMID- 6389720
TI  - A role for hemolysin in Escherichia coli-induced inflammation in granulocytopenic
      rabbits.
AB  - Inflammation induced in the skin of granulocytopenic rabbits by Escherichia coli
      was examined. Protein exudation and platelet deposition in lesions were measured
      with 125I-labeled albumin and 111In-labeled platelets. In granulocytopenic
      rabbits 10(4)-10(7) live serum-resistant E. coli induced protein exudation and
      platelet deposition beginning at 3 hr and then progressing over the next 24 hr to
      much higher levels than in normal rabbits. These responses were associated with
      interstitial edema and progressive venous thrombosis in the absence of
      leukocytes; no such reactions were observed in normal rabbits. No reactions were
      induced in granulocytopenic rabbits by killed E. coli. Of six E. coli strains
      tested, all three hemolytic strains induced lesions with four to five times more
      thrombosis (platelet deposition) than did nonhemolytic strains. Two hemolysin
      negative mutants lost most of their thrombogenic activity. All three hemolytic
      strains had cell-associated hemolysin, but only one of these elaborated
      appreciable free, filterable hemolysin as well.

PMID- 6389721
TI  - Neonatal meningitis caused by Escherichia coli in The Netherlands.
AB  - Bacteriological and clinical data on 132 children with neonatal meningitis caused
      by Escherichia coli were analyzed as a part of a larger study of bacterial
      meningitis undertaken between 1976 and 1982 in The Netherlands. Eighty-eight
      percent of the E. coli strains that were isolated carried the K1 capsular
      antigen. Most (80%) of these E. coli K1 strains were serotyped as O7, O18, O83,
      or were autoagglutinable. The male/female ratio of the infants was 1.64. In the
      majority of cases the onset of meningitis was at the end of the first week of
      life. The birth weight of 42% of the infants was less than or equal to 2,500 g,
      and congenital defects were present in 11% of the infants. Thirty-seven percent
      of the neonates had no recognized risk factors. The case fatality rate was 26%.
      Meningitis recurred in 8% of the survivors.

PMID- 6389722
TI  - An intraoral single-tray impression system to protect the craniomandibular
      articulation.

PMID- 6389723
TI  - Neutralization of interferon by antibody: appraisals of methods of determining
      and expressing the neutralization titer.
AB  - Basic problems in the quantitation of interferon (IFN) neutralization by antibody
      were considered. Commonly used experimental methods were examined, and the
      "constant antibody method" (the IFN dose-response [e.g., cytopathic effect] curve
      is depicted in the presence of fixed concentrations of antibody) was found to be
      the most convenient and informative; the "constant IFN method" which is widely
      used is in principle equivalent, but not suitable for tests of IFN of mixed
      antigenic types and for monoclonal antibodies. As previously proposed (J. IFN
      Res. 1, 61, 1980), the antibody titer is defined not by neutralization of a fixed
      absolute amount of IFN (such as 10 international units), but by the IFN titer
      reduction factor, namely as the reciprocal of antibody dilution that neutralizes
      10 experimental units (EU)/ml of IFN to 1 EU/ml. This definition was found
      satisfactory for many antibodies to human and mouse IFNs, in that the value for
      given antibody did not change with changes in IFN sensitivity of the assay
      system, whereas the titer based on the absolute amount of IFN neutralized did. In
      other words, a given antibody will neutralize a larger amount of IFN when assayed
      in a system with a lower IFN sensitivity. A simplified model of neutralization
      reaction was described that provided a theoretical background for this
      observation. The model also allowed some inferences to be made about the
      relationship of the titer to the affinity and IFN-binding capacity of the
      antibody.

PMID- 6389724
TI  - [Physicochemical pitfall of cardioplegic solutions].

PMID- 6389725
TI  - [Comparative study of the pulsatile and nonpulsatile perfusion].

PMID- 6389726
TI  - [Changes in serum enzyme activities following cardiac surgery--influence of
      myocardial temperature].

PMID- 6389727
TI  - [Nonimmunologic hydrops fetalis: a review of 30 cases].
AB  - Thirty cases of nonimmunologic hydrops fetalis in 14 hospitals were studied. The
      incidence of nonimmunologic hydrops fetalis was 1 in 4,330 deliveries at all
      hospitals and 1 in 4,389 deliveries at Tokyo University Hospital. Among these, 13
      cases with various kinds of fetal anomalies and 5 cases complicated by twin to
      twin transfusion syndrome were found. Polyhydramnios (73%), preeclampsia (20%),
      anemia (34%), and hypoproteinemia (64%) were the commonest prenatal maternal
      complications, whereas a high incidence of abnormal NST patterns such as loss of
      variability was found, although urinary E3 levels were within the normal range.
      High rates of premature labor, Caesarian section and vacuum extraction were found
      at the deliveries of nonimmunologic hydrops fetalis. Prenatal diagnoses were made
      in 30% and 85% of the cases before 1977 and between 1978 and 1982, respectively.
      Ultrasound examination was confirmed to be very useful in detecting the hydropic
      state in the later period. The perinatal mortality rate from nonimmunologic
      hydrops fetalis was high (90%); and it was 100% in the cases with anomalies or
      twin to twin transfusion syndrome. The main cause of neonatal death was
      respiratory insufficiency due to hypoplasty of the lungs and pleural effusion.

PMID- 6389728
TI  - [Analysis of HLA-DR antigen expression on choriocarcinoma].
AB  - A choriocarcinoma and four choriocarcinoma cell lines were selected to
      investigate whether or not HLA-DR antigen is expressed on the cell surface of a
      choriocarcinoma which is regarded genetically as an allogeneic grafted tumor.
      Choriocarcinoma tissue was obtained from a uterus which was removed surgically,
      was prepared for immunoperoxidase staining method using monoclonal antibodies
      (7B6 and 8B3: They recognize monomorphic determinants on the HLA-DR antigen), and
      choriocarcinoma cell lines (BeWo, GCH, ENAMI and SCH) were prepared for
      inhibition test with radioimmunoassay using monoclonal antibodies (7B6 and Kop.).
      By immunoperoxidase staining, no HLA-DR positive choriocarcinoma cell (or
      myometrial cell) was demonstrated, although several cells of the uterine side,
      which contact the invasion of the choriocarcinoma showed positive staining. In an
      inhibition test, none of the four cell lines showed any inhibition. The present
      results suggested that HLA-DR antigen is not found in choriocarcinoma.

PMID- 6389729
TI  - [Quantitative studies on maternal perception of fetal movement with two
      ultrasonic real-time scanners].
AB  - In this study, the relationship between actual fetal movement in utero and
      maternal perception was investigated with the use of two ultrasonic real-time
      scanners and a cardiotocogram. The movements of body, arms, legs, fetal
      breathing, uterine contractions and maternal perception of fetal movement were
      quantitatively analyzed. 37% of all fetal movements were recognized by the
      mother. Only 15% of isolated movements of fetal extremities were perceived by the
      mother. 72% of strong body movements with both hands and legs were recognized. No
      relationship between the duration and times of fetal movement and gestational
      weeks was found. On the other hand, a close relationship between the maternal
      perception rate and gestational weeks was found (28-30W, 48%; 34-35W, 53%; 40W,
      67%; R = 0.903). As for the parity of the mother, multiparous women were found to
      be more sensitive than primiparous women (p less than 0.005). (This study was
      supported by Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung in F.R.G.).

PMID- 6389730
TI  - Purification and properties of a human placental post-proline endopeptidase.
AB  - Post-proline endopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.26) was found in human placenta, purified
      3,390-fold and characterized. The post-proline endopeptidase was able to be
      completely separated from dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5) by hydrophobic
      phenyl Sepharose chromatography. The pH optimum of the enzyme was 6.7. The Km
      value for 7-(succinyl-Gly-Pro)-4-methylcumarineamide was 1.0mM. The molecular
      weight of this enzyme was estimated to be 140,000 by gel filtration and 67,000 by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, indicating its dimetric structure.
      Human placental post-proline endopeptidase appeared to be a thiol protease in
      view of the results of inhibition studies.

PMID- 6389731
TI  - [The changes in antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in cancer
      patients during radiotherapy--estimation by plaque assay].

PMID- 6389732
TI  - [The Yoon attachment].

PMID- 6389733
TI  - [The adhesive strength of repaired composite resin].

PMID- 6389734
TI  - Binding characteristics of radioiodinated crystal-induced chemotactic factor to
      human neutrophils.
AB  - The binding of radiolabeled crystal-induced chemotactic factor (CCF) to human
      neutrophils is characterized. Binding of 125I-CCF to the cells was higher at 4
      degrees C than at 24 degrees or 37 degrees C and was found to be independent of
      CA2+ and Mg2+ ion concentration. The binding showed a pH optimum of 6.0.
      Tosylamido phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone at 100 mumol/L concentration inhibited
      20% of 125I-CCF binding, but phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride at 200 mumol/L had no
      effect. Approximately 50% of cell-associated 125I-CCF was released after
      treatment with proteases. The nonspecific uptake by the cells, as measured by the
      uptake of 3H-sucrose and 14C-inulin in the presence of CCF, was negligible. After
      the steady-state binding of 125I-CCF to the cells, approximately 15% of the cell
      associated radioactivity at 4 degrees C and 40% to 50% at 24 degrees and 37
      degrees C was released into the medium after 60 minutes of incubation in medium
      alone. Dissociation of the radioactive material was not affected by the presence
      of tosylamido phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone or phenanthroline in the media. The
      dissociated material was determined to be degraded 125I-CCF, suggesting that
      degradation of 125I-CCF occurs after binding to its specific receptor on the
      human neutrophil.

PMID- 6389735
TI  - A new sensitive direct radioimmunoassay for human plasma renin and its clinical
      application.
AB  - We developed new sensitive direct radioimmunoassay for human plasma renin. Renin
      was purified from Haas' preparation utilizing a pepstatin-C6-Sepharose affinity
      chromatography. Antiserum, prepared by immunizing rabbits with the purified
      renin, was used for the direct radioimmunoassay at a final dilution of 1:30,000.
      The antibody was specific for human renal and plasma renin, but did not cross
      react with cathepsin D, trypsin, or renins of mouse, dog, and rat.
      Radioimmunoassay was performed by the double antibody technique using the delayed
      tracer addition method. In this method, a standard curve was obtained over a
      range from 0.2 to 8.0 ng/ml. The values from our assay correlated well with total
      renin activity measured as the generation rate of angiotensin I after trypsin
      activation (r = 0.78, p less than 0.01), but correlated weakly with active renin
      activity. This finding disclosed that both active and inactive renin were
      detected by this method. In normal participants, plasma renin concentration
      determined by direct radioimmunoassay was increased by standing and furosemide
      injection. The plasma renin concentration determined by direct radioimmunoassay
      of patients with essential hypertension (0.7 to 1.7 ng/ml) was not significantly
      different from values in normal controls (0.8 to 1.9 ng/ml). The values were
      higher in patients with renovascular hypertension (1.6 to 2.7 ng/ml), malignant
      hypertension (2.8 to 3.4 ng/ml) and Bartter's syndrome (1.8 to 2.5 ng/ml), but
      lower in patients with primary aldosteronism (0.4 to 0.8 ng/ml) than in normal
      controls. This newly developed radioimmunoassay for human renin was sensitive
      enough to estimate the levels of renin in plasma of patients with low renin
      hypertension. It provides a new tool for the understanding of the renin
      angiotensin system under various clinical conditions.

PMID- 6389736
TI  - Involuntary outpatient psychiatric care: a timely innovation.

PMID- 6389737
TI  - Peer relations in children with hyperactivity/attention deficit disorder.

PMID- 6389738
TI  - Quality assurance in health care. Confidentiality of information and immunity for
      participants.

PMID- 6389739
TI  - Emergicenters. A health care system in evolution.

PMID- 6389740
TI  - Confidentiality of psychotherapeutic records.

PMID- 6389741
TI  - Infant tolling statutes in medical malpractice cases. State constitutional
      challenges.

PMID- 6389742
TI  - Characterization of macrophage dysfunction in rodent malaria.
AB  - Immunosuppression in malaria has been attributed, in part, to alterations in
      macrophage function. The present study was undertaken in an attempt to
      characterize the dysfunction and to determine if it is regional or if it occurs
      in different populations of macrophages. The resting O2 consumption of either
      hepatic, splenic, or peritoneal macrophages or polymorphonuclear neutrophils
      (PMNs) was unaltered by the malaria infection. However, the respiratory burst was
      significantly enhanced in the three macrophage populations but not in the PMNs. A
      significant increase in their phagocytic capacity and microbicidal activity was
      noted for hepatic and peritoneal but not splenic macrophages or PMNs. The malaria
      infected mice had a marked decrease in serum antibody and splenic plaque response
      to bovine serum albumin (BSA) but not to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH).
      Following an in vitro incubation with BSA, splenic macrophages from infected mice
      were not able to induce an antibody response when injected into normal mice.
      However, following incubation with KLH splenic macrophages could induce an
      adequate response in normal mice. This ability of macrophages from malaria
      infected mice to transfer (or induce) a response in normal mice appeared to
      correlate with the amount of antigen digested, or perhaps retained, by the cells,
      i.e., BSA digestion was significantly less than KLH. These results indicate that
      the macrophage dysfunction in malaria is distinct depending on the tissue
      population that the macrophage is obtained from and that the impaired antibody
      response may be restricted to antigens requiring macrophage processing.

PMID- 6389744
TI  - Spontaneous pneumothorax.

PMID- 6389743
TI  - [Validation of quantitative and qualitative data of real-time carotid
      echotomography in comparison with standard Doppler tests, arteriography and
      anatomopathology. On 59 carotid endarterectomies].
AB  - Findings on ultrasound, arteriography and pathology examinations were compared in
      49 patients undergoing 59 carotid endarterectomies between December 1981 and
      April 1983. Carotid artery lesions were investigated routinely by cervical
      Doppler, high resolution rapid ultrasound and either direct or more usually
      venous arteriography (with photographic subtractions). Postoperative
      endarterectomy specimens were examined to determine the exact degree of stenosis,
      and also qualitatively (gross pathology and histology of ulcerations and
      thromboses, the biochemical nature of the plaques, etc.). With respect to
      detection, that is demonstration of the existence or not of an atheromatous
      lesion, the ultrasonographic findings could always (100% of cases) be correlated
      with pathology data. Qualitative analysis of atheromatous lesions showed certain
      to be diagnosed with ease: calcified, fibrous or chondroid and lipidic plaques,
      while those complicated by hemorrhage, ulceration or mural thrombosis were less
      constantly diagnosed by ultrasound imaging. Occlusive plaques were easily
      detected, while recent intraluminal thrombosis was more difficult to diagnose by
      ultrasound alone. In this case the combined use of Doppler is a valuable aid, and
      is a routine procedure, in fact, in the department. Results of quantitative
      analysis showed good correlation between ultrasound and pathology findings in
      79.7% of cases (insufficient in 20.3%). However, if ultrasonography is combined
      with other ultrasound methods of examination (standard Doppler and spectral
      analysis of Doppler) correlation is of the order of 95%, close to morphological
      data supplied by arteriography, with in addition a functional and qualitative
      approach not possible with arteriography alone.

PMID- 6389745
TI  - Microcomputer-based testing of proficiency with the visual field examination.
AB  - A system for computer-assisted instruction in performing ophthalmic visual field
      examinations is presented. The system is implemented on a microcomputer making
      use of specially developed algorithms to summarize the information contained in a
      visual field in a very compact, efficient manner and to determine cursor position
      relative to stored visual field landmarks. The computer program presents a
      challenging testing situation by using visual fields, based on those of actual
      patients, of differing degrees of complexity. It is particularly well suited for
      trainees as well as for the physicians and ophthalmic technicians who frequently
      perform this examination.

PMID- 6389746
TI  - Relationship between electrocardiographically and enzymatically estimated size in
      anterior myocardial infarction.
AB  - In 179 patients with anterior myocardial infarction the electrocardiographically
      estimated infarct size was related to serum enzyme activity. A precordial map
      containing 24 precordial positions and the peak activity of heat stable
      dehydrogenase (LD; EC 1.1.1.27) were used. A positive correlation was found
      between the area at risk (initial sum of ST-elevation) and the peak LD activity
      (r = 0.48 - 0.55; p less than 0.001). When the final Q-and R-wave amplitude were
      related to peak enzyme activity a better correlation was observed (r = 0.56 -
      0.68; p less than 0.001). The sum of R-waves (sigma R) and the sum of Q-waves
      (sigma Q) in the 24 precordial leads were related to sigma R and sigma Q in five
      precordial standard leads. A good correlation was found between the two ECG
      methods (r = 0.75 - 0.83; p less than 0.001), indicating that an increased number
      of precordial leads gives information regarding the extent of infarction similar
      to that obtained with the routinely used standard leads. It is concluded that in
      the individual patient, serum enzyme activity and the final Q-and R-wave changes
      can give different information about infarct size. If, however, these two
      independent methods are used in a large number of patients in intervention
      studies they will probably give similar information about relative influence of
      the intervention on the mean infarct size.

PMID- 6389747
TI  - Pituitary and testicular responses in sexually mature bulls after intravenous
      injections of graded doses of LH-releasing hormone.
AB  - The capacity of the anterior pituitary gland and testes in mature bulls (705 +/-
      9 (S.E.M.) kg body wt, n = 4) to respond to graded doses of LH-releasing hormone
      (LHRH) was assessed relative to endogenous profiles of LH and testosterone
      secretion. Endogenous hormone profiles were determined by bleeding bulls at 20
      min intervals for 12 h. Responses to LHRH were assessed on successive days after
      single intravenous injections of 1, 5, 10, 50 or 100 ng LHRH/kg body wt. Blood
      samples were taken at -40, -20, 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60 and 120 min relative to
      LHRH injection. During a 12-h bleed bulls showed spontaneous pulses of LH and
      testosterone which had peak amplitudes of 2.6 +/- 0.5 micrograms/l and 44.5 +/-
      7.1 nmol/l respectively. Respective peak LH (micrograms/l) and testosterone
      (nmol/l) responses to LHRH were as follows: 1 ng LHRH (3.0 +/- 0.7; 47.3 +/-
      4.1); 5 ng LHRH (8.0 +/- 1.2; 52.8 +/- 6.2); 10 ng LHRH (11.1 +/- 2.3; 57.7 +/-
      9.1); 50 ng LHRH (19.2 +/- 2.8; 47.9 +/- 8.6); 100 ng LHRH (19.1 +/- 4.7; 43.9 +/
      6.4). A dose of 1 ng LHRH/kg produced LH and testosterone responses which were
      comparable in amplitude to spontaneous peaks in the respective hormone. There was
      a linear (y = 0.28 X + 5.72; r = 0.81) increase in the LH response to doses of
      LHRH between 1 and 50 ng/kg; corresponding testosterone responses showed no
      relationship with the dose of LHRH. The capacity of the anterior pituitary gland
      to release amounts of LH eight to ten times in excess of those secreted during
      spontaneous peaks suggests that (1) there exists a large releasable store of LH
      in the anterior pituitary gland and (2) hypothalamic LHRH is a limiting factor in
      gonadotrophin secretion. In contrast to LH release, the androgenic response of
      the testes to acute gonadotrophic stimulation is determined largely by prevailing
      steroidogenic activity.

PMID- 6389750
TI  - The holistic hodgepodge: a critical analysis of holistic medicine and health in
      America today.
AB  - Contrary to a rather common assumption, no single "holistic health movement"
      exists, and many of the theories and therapies now called holistic are not new to
      American medicine. The holistic movement actually represents four different
      approaches to medicine and health, each with its own theoretical perspective,
      historical background, and set of therapeutic options. The term holistic confuses
      the differences among these approaches, fails to capture their merits and
      defects, and as an all-purpose term is confusing rather than useful.

PMID- 6389749
TI  - Oocytes and early embryos of Xenopus laevis contain intermediate filaments which
      react with anti-mammalian vimentin antibodies.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that Xenopus oocytes possess a cortical shell, which
      includes actin-containing microfilaments and cytokeratin-containing intermediate
      filaments. In this paper we show that oocytes of Xenopus laevis also contain
      filaments throughout their cytoplasm which are stained by several anti-vimentin
      antibody preparations. We also show that dramatic changes in pattern of these
      filaments occur during oocyte differentiation, first during vitellogenesis, and
      then during maturation of the oocyte to form an egg.

PMID- 6389748
TI  - Maintenance of neonatal rat B cells in glucose-depleted medium: effect of medium
      with galactose and 2-deoxyglucose.
AB  - Monolayer cultures of the pancreas of the neonatal rat were maintained for 7 days
      in glucose-depleted TCM 199 medium, supplemented with 5.5 mmol galactose/l, with
      or without 0.1 mmol 2-deoxyglucose/l. Under culture conditions without 2
      deoxyglucose, the responsiveness of B cells supported on galactose was totally
      abolished by day 7 of culture, and islets degenerated. In contrast, the addition
      of 2-deoxyglucose to the galactose-supplemented medium promoted the survival and
      the function of B cells even in a glucose-depleted environment and, in addition,
      yielded the monolayers mostly consisting of endocrine cells by destroying
      fibroblasts selectively. On day 7 the recovery of insulin in the cells was higher
      than that of the cells grown in medium with galactose alone (10.7-fold), and than
      the initial level at day 0 (twofold). Furthermore, the response to an acute
      challenge with 16.7 mmol glucose/l was 3.3-fold, to 10 mmol leucine/l it was 8.5
      fold, and to 10 mmol 2-ketoisocaproate/l it was 10.9-fold above each value
      observed on day 1. In summary, the above data indicate that morphologically
      intact, functionally competent endocrine B cells can be grown in medium free from
      glucose.

PMID- 6389751
TI  - Evidence for the involvement of a sperm trypsinlike enzyme in the membrane events
      of the hamster sperm acrosome reaction.
AB  - Previous studies from this laboratory have suggested a role for sperm trypsinlike
      activity in the membrane events of the hamster sperm acrosome reaction, but these
      conclusions have been disputed by studies done with guinea pig, mouse, and ram
      sperm. This study was designed to further investigate the role of such activity
      in the hamster sperm acrosome reaction. Washed hamster epididymal sperm were
      examined by electron microscopy after incubation in a defined medium. Fewer sperm
      incubated in the presence of the trypsin inhibitor benzamidine underwent the
      membrane events of the acrosome reaction compared to controls. Benzamidine did
      not interfere with the loss of the acrosomal contents in the sperm which did
      undergo acrosome reactions. The trypsin inhibitor NPGB (previously shown to
      inhibit the hamster acrosome reaction under other conditions) did not inhibit the
      membrane events or the loss of acrosomal contents when the acrosome reaction was
      induced by the fusogen lysophosphatidyl choline (a method of induction which may
      have bypassed the need for a trypsinlike enzyme). In a bioassay designed to
      measure acrosome reactions, fewer sperm preincubated with benzamidine
      subsequently penetrated zona-pellucida-free hamster eggs. The present results
      together with those of an earlier study by this laboratory strongly suggest that
      a sperm trypsinlike enzyme has a direct or indirect role in the membrane events
      of hamster sperm acrosome reaction. The relationship of these results to studies
      with other species is discussed.

PMID- 6389752
TI  - On the role of fibronectin during the compaction stage of somitogenesis in the
      chick embryo.
AB  - During the early stages of somitogenesis in the chick embryo the presomitic cells
      in the segmental plate undergo compaction. The aggregation of segmental plate
      cells is stimulated by fibronectin. The stimulation of segmental plate cells to
      aggregate and undergo compaction can be effected in isolated segmental plate
      cells, in isolated segmental plates, and in intact embryos removed from the yolk.
      The fact that the segmental plate cells react with greater vigor to cellular
      fibronectin than to plasma fibronectin suggests a specific molecular mechanism in
      the initiation of somitogenesis.

PMID- 6389753
TI  - Reconstruction of a thyroid gland equivalent from cells and matrix materials.
AB  - A living thyroid gland equivalent has been fabricated with a cultivated strain of
      rat thyroid cells (FRTL), dermal or thyroid fibroblasts, and matrix materials.
      The mixture becomes tissuelike in vitro by virtue of interactions between
      fibroblasts and collagen. Initially in vitro the thyroid cells are uniformly
      distributed as single cells and a small number of clusters containing less than
      10 cells. When implanted into thyrodectomized hosts the thyroid cells in the
      tissue lattice become organized into follicles containing a colloidlike material.
      The follicles were found in clusters in sizes up to 0.3 mm. The clusters are
      vascularized. It is thought that they arise within clones rather than by an
      aggregation process. Using an antithyroglobulin antibody it was shown that both
      thyroid cells and the colloidlike material within follicles reacted positively.
      Development of follicles was strictly dependent on whether hosts were
      thyroidectomized. In nonthyroidectomized hosts no follicles were observed. We
      conclude that an organotypic structure can develop in vivo from a "gland
      equivalent" fabricated with adult cells and matrix materials combined in vitro,
      and that cells cultivated for years in vitro retain the capacity to express
      differentiated functions in a reconstituted organ equivalent in vivo.

PMID- 6389754
TI  - Immunofluorescent localization of extracellular matrix components during muscle
      morphogenesis. II. In chick embryos with hereditary muscular dysgenesis (cn/cn).
AB  - The immunofluorescent distribution of types I and III collagen, fibronectin, and
      laminin during muscle morphogenesis of the crooked neck dwarf mutant chick embryo
      differs from that of the normal chick. The drastic difference is related to the
      inability of the mutant embryo to maintain a harmonious muscle pattern. The first
      sign of the defect is the disaggregation of type I collagen fibers of the tendons
      and the disorganization of the intermuscular spaces. The organization of the
      connective tissue never proceeds beyond the appearance of an epimysial envelope,
      rich in types I and III collagen, which becomes disorganized shortly after. No
      perimysial envelopes displaying types I and III collagen fibers and fibronectin,
      nor endomysial sheaths develop. Only large spaces filled with types I and III
      collagen fibers subdivide groups of muscle cells irregularly. On the whole, type
      III collagen is less abundant than type I collagen. Fibronectin disappears from
      the periphery of the muscle cell. Laminin is more thickly deposited in the basal
      lamina around irregularly sized muscle cells than around the normal muscle cell.
      The results are discussed in terms of morphogenetic interactions between
      connective tissue cells and muscle cells, and in terms of fibrosis, which
      characterizes some muscle diseases.

PMID- 6389755
TI  - Renal prostaglandin E in renoparenchymal hypertension.

PMID- 6389756
TI  - Cardiovascular responses to the stimulation of the fastigial nucleus and
      hypothalamus in rats.

PMID- 6389757
TI  - Clinical application of real-time ultrasonography in pleural and subpleural
      lesions.

PMID- 6389758
TI  - The secretion of N-acetylglucosaminidase during germ-tube formation in Candida
      albicans.
AB  - N-Acetylglucosaminidase was induced by either N-acetylglucosamine or N
      acetylmannosamine in several strains of Candida albicans. Enzyme activity was not
      induced in a N-acetylglucosamine non-utilizing mutant which is unable to express
      the first three steps in the N-acetylglucosamine catabolic pathway. The enzyme,
      purified 500-fold, had a specific activity of 36.8 units (mg protein)-1 and
      catalysed the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-beta-n-acetylglucosamine, N,N'
      diacetylchitobiose and N,N',N"-triacetylchitotriose. No activity was observed
      toward colloidal chitin, hyaluronic acid or mucin. The cellular distribution of N
      acetylglucosaminidase was determined by measuring in situ enzyme activity before
      and after acid treatment of intact cells. N-Acetylglucosaminidase (80-88% of the
      total cellular activity) was rapidly secreted to the periplasm when the enzyme
      was induced either during yeast growth at 28 degrees C or germ-tube formation at
      37 degrees C. Export of the enzyme from the periplasm into the medium was
      fourfold greater during germ-tube formation, and after 6 h incubation the amount
      of enzyme released into the medium represented 70% of cell-associated enzyme
      activity.

PMID- 6389759
TI  - A comparison of volume growth during bud and mycelium formation in Candida
      albicans: a single cell analysis.
AB  - When stationary phase cells of the dimorphic yeast Candida albicans are diluted
      into fresh medium at pH 4.5 (low pH), they synchronously form ellipsoidal buds,
      but when diluted into the same medium at pH 6.7 (high pH), they synchronously
      form elongate mycelia. Using a perfusion chamber to monitor single cells, we have
      compared the rates of volume growth between budding and mycelium-forming cells.
      Results are presented which demonstrate that: (1) after release from stationary
      phase into medium of low or high pH, each original sphere grows in volume to the
      time of initial evagination, but does not grow subsequently; (2) successive
      budding on the original mother cell occurs without interruption resulting in
      continuous volume growth; however, an interruption in volume growth of the
      initial bud (B1) occurs before it in turn evaginates; and (3) the rate of volume
      growth of the first bud at low pH is identical to the rate of volume growth of
      the mycelium at high pH even though the surface to volume ratios are quite
      different. The last result is unexpected and is therefore considered in relation
      to cell wall deposition.

PMID- 6389760
TI  - Further studies on protoplast fusion and interspecific hybridization within the
      Aspergillus nidulans group.
AB  - Hybridization of eight species of the Aspergillus nidulans group was attempted
      using auxotrophic mutants and protoplast fusion methods. Viable fusion products
      were obtained from eight crosses. Allodiploid hybrids were recovered from crosses
      involving A. nidulans with A. rugulosus, A. quadrilineatus, A. nidulans var.
      echinulatus and A. violaceus, although some mutants only gave heterokaryons.
      Crosses involving these latter species also gave heterokaryons. Crosses between
      A. nidulans and A. unguis, A. stellatus and A. heterothallicus were unsuccessful.
      Fusions involving three parents gave heterokaryons made up of only two of them.

PMID- 6389761
TI  - Transport and hydrolysis of antibacterial peptide analogues in Escherichia coli:
      backbone-modified aminoxy peptides.
AB  - Aminoxy analogues of di- and tripeptides in which the peptide linkage is replaced
      by -CO-NHO-, either as an L- or D-2-aminoxypropionic acid (L or D-OAla) residue,
      have been examined for antibacterial activity in vitro and for uptake into
      Escherichia coli. Isolation of analogue-resistant mutants and cross-resistance
      tests with peptide-transport mutants indicate that all three peptide permeases
      can transport these backbone-modified analogues. A number of mutants with defects
      in particular intracellular peptidases show decreased sensitivity to a range of
      these analogues, allowing identification of the enzymes responsible for their
      cleavage and confirming that hydrolysis is essential for their toxicity. Ala-OAla
      is a bacteriostatic agent that inhibits nucleic acid and protein synthesis within
      1 min of being added to an exponentially growing culture. In crude extracts Ala
      OAla inhibits transaminase activity but only after liberation of OAla by
      endogenous peptidases. These antibacterial agents illustrate an approach to drug
      targeting in which peptide carriers are used to promote uptake of essentially
      impermeant toxic moieties.

PMID- 6389762
TI  - Chemiluminescence induced by phagocytosis of Escherichia coli by
      polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
AB  - Chemiluminescence emitted by phagocytosing human polymorphonuclear leucocytes
      stimulated by Escherichia coli was measured using a liquid scintillation counter
      equipped with a multichannel analyser. In the presence of the amplifying agent
      luminol, light emission can be divided into two channels, one of which ('high
      energy') appears to correlate directly with phagocytic activity of the PMNL, and
      the other ('low energy') with the background luminol dioxygenation by the cells.
      Measuring in the 'high energy' window also eliminates the normal 'out of
      coincidence' background. The method is applicable to measuring opsonizing
      capacity of different sera, and responds to PMNL number, age, composition of
      assay medium and the integrity of the stimulating bacteria. Other bacterial
      strains produce a similar response, as does the artificial stimulator zymosan.
      Low temperature and anaerobiosis, which inhibit phagocytic killing, also suppress
      light emission.

PMID- 6389763
TI  - Mechanism of the protective action of anti-Salmonella IgM in experimental mouse
      salmonellosis.
AB  - The kinetics of mouse salmonellosis caused by Salmonella typhimurium was studied
      in mice preinjected with the IgM or IgG fraction prepared from a rabbit anti
      Salmonella serum. Compared on the basis of antibody units determined by an enzyme
      immunoassay, IgM was ten times more effective than IgG in promoting removal of
      the bacteria from blood after intravenous (IV) injection and their uptake in the
      reticuloendothelial system (RES). The subsequent killing of the bacteria was,
      however, only minor, in accord with the negligible protective effect of serum
      antibodies in IV infection. IgM was over 1000 times more effective than IgG in
      promoting killing of the bacteria after intraperitoneal (IP) challenge. Neither
      antibody had an effect on the multiplication of the bacteria in the RES. The
      protective action of antibody was thus almost entirely mediated by peritoneal
      cavity cells acting in the very early phase of infection. The greater effect of
      IgM is suggested to be a special feature of Salmonella infections, connected with
      the capacity of these bacteria for intracellular survival and multiplication in
      the RES.

PMID- 6389764
TI  - Isolation and mode of action of a staphylococcin-like substance active against
      gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
AB  - Screening of non-phage group II Staphylococcus aureus strains for antagonistic
      substances revealed one particular strain, S. aureus D91, to excrete a substance
      with a wide spectrum of activity; both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
      were susceptible. The staphylococcin-like substance D91 produced by this strain
      was partially purified by column chromatography on Sephadex G-50, DEAE-cellulose,
      Phenyl Sepharose CL-4B and Sephadex G-200. A molecular weight of 76000 was
      estimated by gel filtration. The activity was heat sensitive but was not affected
      by hydrolytic enzymes except for pronase. The protein character of substance D91
      was confirmed by gel electrophoresis and subsequent staining with Coomassie blue.
      The action exerted on sensitive bacteria was bacteriostatic rather than
      bactericidal. Biosynthesis of DNA, RNA, protein and polysaccharides were
      inhibited simultaneously in both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
      Active transport of glutamic acid was stopped in both S. cohnii and E. coli,
      whereas glucose uptake was inhibited in E. coli only. The substance induced a
      slow efflux of 86Rb+ from proloaded cells of S. cohnii and E. coli. The
      antagonistic activity of S. aureus D91 was eliminated by ethidium bromide at a
      rate of 47.6% suggesting that plasmids may be involved in its production.

PMID- 6389765
TI  - Amoeboid locomotion of Acanthamoeba castellanii with special reference to cell
      substratum interactions.
AB  - The amoeboid locomotion of Acanthamoeba castellanii has been studied by
      observation of individual cells moving on a planar glass substratum. Cell
      substratum interactions involved in traction have been observed by reflexion
      interference microscopy. A variable part of the ventral surface of A. castellanii
      formed a protean platform, the 'associated contact', from which filopodia were
      subtended; these established stable, focal adhesions (approximately 0.4 micron
      diameter) on the substratum beneath. Surprisingly, acanthopodia, a prominent
      feature of this protozoon, did not play an obvious role in traction. The
      dimensions of the cell-substratum gap in the associated contact could be
      modulated by the concentration of ambient electrolyte. Dilution of electrolyte
      from 50 mM-KC1 to 2mM resulted in (i) an increase in the cell-substratum gap,
      (ii) a marked decrease in cell motility, (iii) reduced cell adhesion to glass.

PMID- 6389766
TI  - The variable T model for gram-negative morphology.
AB  - Gram-negative micro-organisms possess only a very thin murein sacculus to resist
      the stress caused by the internal hydrostatic pressure. The sacculus consists of
      at most one molecular layer of peptidoglycan in an extended conformation. It must
      grow by the insertion and cross-linking of new murein to the old before the
      selective cleavages of the stress-bearing murein are made which allow wall
      enlargement. Since insertion of new murein occurs all over the surface of
      Escherichia coli (even in completed poles), the internal pressure would tend to
      force the cells into a spherical shape and prevent both cylindrical elongation
      and cell division. Of course, Gram-negative bacteria do achieve a variety of
      shapes and do divide. Because prokaryote cells, unlike eukaryotic cells, do not
      have cytoskeletons and contractile proteins to transduce biochemical free energy
      into the mechanical work needed to achieve aspherical shapes and to divide, this
      paradox seems to be resolvable only by postulating that the details of the
      biochemical mechanism for wall growth vary in different regions of the surface,
      affecting the work required to enlarge the wall locally. Depending on the degree
      and rate of change in the biochemical energetics, it is possible to account for
      rod and the other more complex shapes of Gram-negative bacteria. Division occurs
      in Gram-negative organisms by the development of constrictions that progressively
      invade the cytoplasm. The work to cause these morphological processes must
      ultimately derive from the biochemical process of the stress-bearing wall
      formation. A biophysical basis for cell division in these prokaryotic organisms
      is proposed.

PMID- 6389767
TI  - Concentration of a major outer membrane protein at the cell poles in Escherichia
      coli.
AB  - Autoradiography of cell envelope ghosts obtained from a strain of Escherichia
      coli which lacks two major outer membrane proteins has been used to demonstrate
      the polar concentration of another major outer membrane protein, ompA protein.
      The beta-lactam antibiotic cephalexin prevents the insertion of newly synthesized
      ompA protein into the poles but removal of the antibiotic allows the randomly
      dispersed protein to migrate to the polar and possibly the septal areas of the
      cell. Labelling of whole cells with bacteriophage K3 has confirmed a polar
      concentration of ompA protein.

PMID- 6389768
TI  - Influence of nutrient limitation and growth rate on the outer membrane proteins
      of Klebsiella aerogenes NCTC 418.
AB  - Four major proteins with molecular weights of 78 000, 37 000, 34 000 and 20 000
      were present in the envelope of Klebsiella aerogenes when cultured at a high
      specific growth rate. However, at lower growth rates, the protein content and
      composition of the envelope depended on the imposed nutrient limitation. Under
      potassium-, carbon-, sulphur- and phosphorus-limited conditions, derepression of
      synthesis of limitation-specific proteins was observed, their apparent molecular
      weights being 90 000, 48 000, 41 000 and 36 000, respectively. Nitrogen-limited
      cells had no additional proteins. For a particular limiting nutrient, expression
      of the limitation-specific proteins was independent of the chemical or physical
      form in which the nutrient was supplied. Under potassium or sulphur limitation
      the specific proteins were present maximally at the lowest imposed growth rate,
      whereas under carbon limitation a maximum expression of these proteins was found
      at moderate growth rates. It is concluded that limitation-specific proteins which
      are associated with the outer membrane function in the uptake of limiting
      nutrients or, possibly, limitation-releasing compounds.

PMID- 6389769
TI  - Purification and characterization of proteolytic enzymes of Leishmania mexicana
      mexicana amastigotes and promastigotes.
AB  - Leishmania mexicana mexicana amastigote and promastigote soluble proteinases were
      purified using gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. For the
      amastigotes, two main proteinase activity peaks were separated with both methods.
      These accounted for approximately 10% and 90% of the total activity.
      Characterization of the two activities for substrate specificity and sensitivity
      to inhibitors indicated that the major peak from both column methods contained
      enzymes with the characteristics of cysteine proteinases. SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis of the enzyme from the major peak purified by gel filtration
      revealed one polypeptide with a molecular weight in the region of 31 000. In
      contrast, the activity of the minor peak eluted from the columns was of higher
      molecular weight (67 000) and was similar to metalloproteinases. Purification of
      the soluble proteinases in the promastigote of L. m. mexicana produced only one
      activity peak from both column techniques. This activity (mol. wt 67 000)
      corresponded to the high molecular weight proteinase of the amastigote. The
      purified proteinases were active on 4-nitroanilide and 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
      derivatives of various small peptides. The high molecular weight proteinases of
      both amastigotes and promastigotes were similarly active against most of the
      peptides, suggesting a low specificity of the enzymes. In contrast, the low
      molecular weight amastigote proteinases were particularly active against two of
      the substrates, namely BZ-Pro-Phe-Arg-Nan and Z-Phe-Arg-MCA. These results
      indicate that a highly active, substrate-specific, soluble proteinase, with
      characteristics of a cysteine proteinase, is produced upon transformation of the
      L. m. mexicana promastigote to amastigote. The discovery and characterization of
      this enzyme offers opportunities for the development of new antileishmanial
      agents.

PMID- 6389770
TI  - Evidence for the persistence of paramyxoviruses in human bone marrows.
AB  - Human bone marrow cells derived from multiple sclerosis (MS) and control patients
      were screened for a number of virus antigens by the fluorescent antibody
      technique using monoclonal antibodies. The results showed that antigens of the
      paramyxovirus, simian virus 5, were present in about 60% of MS and 25% of control
      bone marrows. About 25% of the MS and 50% of control bone marrows were found to
      contain nucleoprotein antigen of the human parainfluenza types 1 and 3. These
      experiments demonstrated that paramyxoviruses can persist in human tissues
      possibly in a defective or repressed state.

PMID- 6389771
TI  - Physiological characterization of influenza virus temperature-sensitive mutants
      defective in the haemagglutinin gene.
AB  - We have characterized the physiological defect in two temperature-sensitive
      mutants of the WSN strain of influenza virus which possessed a lesion in the
      haemagglutinin (HA) gene. In mutant virus-infected cells at the non-permissive
      temperature, the precursor HA polypeptide containing predominantly mannose-rich
      carbohydrate chains was not converted to the mature, functional HA polypeptide.
      Immunofluorescence showed that the HA polypeptide did not appear on the cell
      surface but was confined largely to the Golgi apparatus. It was concluded that
      the major physiological defect of these mutants was a block in the transport of
      the HA polypeptide beyond the Golgi apparatus. The block could be reversed,
      however, by lowering the temperature to 34 degrees C, resulting in normal
      processing of the precursor polypeptide and emergence of infectious progeny virus
      within 30 min. The HA activity of the two mutants, but not wild-type virus, was
      rapidly inactivated at 51 degrees C. Most, but not all, revertants derived from
      these mutants had HA with the heat stability of wild-type virus, suggesting that
      the temperature sensitivity and the heat lability of HA were two pleiotropic
      manifestations of a single lesion in the HA gene.

PMID- 6389772
TI  - Antibody responses to mumps virus proteins in natural mumps infection and after
      vaccination with live and inactivated mumps virus vaccines.
AB  - Paired sera from 20 patients with acute mumps infection, 16 from persons
      vaccinated with live attenuated mumps virus vaccine, and 12 from persons
      vaccinated with formalin-inactivated virus vaccine were studied for mumps
      antibodies by single radial hemolysis (SRH), hemagglutination inhibition (HI),
      and by enzyme immunoassays (EIA) specific for whole virus, envelope glycoprotein,
      and nucleocapsid antibodies. Mumps patients had diagnostic rises in serum mumps
      antibodies in 90-100% of the cases depending on the method of assay. Vaccination
      resulted in seroconversion in 75-88% (live vaccine) and in 92% (inactivated
      vaccine) of the cases as detected by SRH or EIAs, whereas HI detected
      seroconversion only in 38% and 58% of the cases, respectively.
      Immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that all sera from mumps patients and
      nearly all postvaccination sera had antibodies against the main structural
      proteins of mumps virus. By immunoblotting, antibodies against denatured
      hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion protein (F) were detected in 15-25%
      of mumps patients and persons vaccinated with live vaccine, whereas most
      postvaccination sera from those vaccinated with inactivated vaccine had HN (92%)
      and F (83%) protein antibodies, suggesting that antibodies against the denatured
      form of proteins are formed.

PMID- 6389773
TI  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgG and IgA antibodies to
      respiratory syncytial virus in low dilutions of secretions of human serum and
      secretions.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed for titration of
      IgG and IgA antibodies to respiratory syncytial (RS) virus in low dilutions of
      human serum, colostrum, and nasopharyngeal secretions. Previously the sensitivity
      of RS virus ELISA on such specimens has been limited by nonspecific absorption of
      antibody, particularly IgA, to crude antigen preparations. For IgG antibody
      estimation in infant sera, this unwanted binding was reduced to workable levels
      by increasing the serum, salt, and detergent concentration of the diluent.
      Residual nonspecific binding of IgA in colostra appeared mainly due to antigen
      lipids or to lipoproteins. This was markedly reduced by partitioning Triton X-100
      treated infected cell lysate antigens in Arklone. Using the modified ELISA
      technique for anti-RS virus IgA, good correlations were found with unfixed cell
      membrane immunofluorescence (MIF) for colostra (r = 0.81, P less than 0.001) and
      nasal secretions from adult volunteers. In several samples nonspecific absorption
      of antibody precluded MIF assay, but did not affect the ELISA. Although there was
      an overall correlation between ELISA for anti-RS IgG antibody in sera, the
      complement fixation test (r = 0.75, P less than 0.001), and MIF test (r = 0.82, P
      less than 0.001), the sensitivity of ELISA for antibody responses in convalescent
      sera of infants from 3 months to 2 years was poor. Conversely, the sensitivity of
      ELISA for antibody in the sera of older children and for transplacentally
      acquired antibody in very young infants was higher than that for the other two
      tests. ELISA was thus less reliable than either CF or MIF for detecting antibody
      rises in paired infant sera, particularly where maternally acquired antibody
      remained in the acute serum. The reasons for this apparent disparity are
      discussed.

PMID- 6389774
TI  - Excerpt from 1933. Physicians exceed need of U.S. population by 25,000.

PMID- 6389775
TI  - Continuous wave Doppler ultrasonography in the detection of carotid stenosis and
      occlusion.
AB  - Directional continuous wave Doppler ultrasonography has been used to assess the
      extracranial carotid arteries of over 500 patients, 90 of whom have had
      angiography performed. The angiographic and Doppler findings are compared,
      showing that this simple ultrasound technique is able to detect carotid stenosis
      and occlusion, but is unreliable in the detection of mild atheromatous change. In
      this series, the method detected 90% of the angiographically proven carotid
      stenoses, being considerably more accurate than routine auscultation. It would
      seem that continuous wave ultrasonography is a safe and practical screening test
      in those patients in whom arteriography is being considered.

PMID- 6389776
TI  - Computed tomography findings in 15 cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with
      histological verification.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) was normal in twelve of fifteen patients with definite
      Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. In two patients CT showed mild sulcal widening, while
      marked ventricular enlargement and moderate cortical atrophy were seen in a
      patient who had both Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and normal pressure hydrocephalus.
      No correspondence was observed between CT findings, severity of the clinical
      picture and postmorten gross brain examination. According to these results, a
      normal CT in a demented patient should suggest Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
      Conversely, CT is of value for the diagnosis of other potentially reversible
      illnesses clinically resembling Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

PMID- 6389777
TI  - Immunotherapy of cancer by systemic administration of lymphoid cells plus
      interleukin-2.
AB  - The adoptive transfer of specifically immune lymphocytes is capable of mediating
      the regression of a variety of established experimental tumors. We have studied
      the factors responsible for successful adoptive immunotherapy. Following
      injection of FBL-3 lymphoma into the footpad of syngeneic mice, this tumor forms
      a local nodule and is disseminated throughout the mouse within 5 days. Systemic
      administration of fresh immune lymphocytes on day 5, or of in vitro boosted
      immune splenocytes, or immune lymphoid cells expanded in interleukin-2 (IL-2), is
      capable of mediating total regression of both local and disseminated tumor. The
      efficacy of this immunotherapy can be enhanced by the simultaneous administration
      of IL-2. Because specifically immune cells can be difficult to obtain in many
      murine and human tumor systems, we have investigated the use of nonspecifically
      sensitized cells for use in adoptive immunotherapy. Lymphokine-activated killer
      cells (LAK) can easily be generated by incubating fresh murine or human
      lymphocytes in IL-2. Systemic injection of LAK cells can reduce the growth of
      established pulmonary metastases in murine tumor models when the LAK cells are
      administered in conjunction with IL-2. A variety of methods for activating human
      lymphoid cells to become lytic for fresh human tumors have been developed,
      including activation by IL-2, activation by lectins such as phytohemagglutinin
      and concanavalin A, and by allosensitization with pooled stimulator cells. The
      characteristics of these different activated killer cells have been defined. In a
      series of Phase I studies, we have demonstrated that activated killer cells can
      be safely administered to humans with advanced cancer. Studies are actively
      proceeding to develop an effective and practical method for the adoptive
      immunotherapy of cancer in humans, using both specifically activated and
      nonspecifically activated lymphoid cells.

PMID- 6389778
TI  - Summary: potential of interleukin-2 for the therapy of cancer.

PMID- 6389780
TI  - Origins of the American Academy of Dental Practice Administration.

PMID- 6389779
TI  - Role of elective brain irradiation during combined chemoradiotherapy for limited
      disease non-small cell lung cancer.
AB  - We have studied the clinical impact of elective brain irradiation (EBI) in
      patients with locally advanced, non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSC). All patients
      received combination chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide + doxorubicin (Adriamycin) +
      cisplatin = CAP) or CAP plus radiotherapy as the initial treatment for their
      active tumor or as an adjuvant therapy. Of 97 evaluable patients, 46 were
      randomized to receive EBI (3 000 rad in 10 fractions given over two weeks). The
      characteristics of both groups were comparable by sex, age, performance status,
      pretherapy weight loss, histologic cell type, clinical staging, and type of prior
      therapy. EBI significantly decreased the incidence of central nervous system
      (CNS) metastasis in the treated group compared to the control group (4% vs 27%, p
      = .002). CNS involvement occurred in the treated group after failure at other
      sites whereas 12 of 14 control patients had CNS metastases as the first site of
      relapse. EBI decreased the incidence of CNS metastasis in all prognostic
      categories. Using multivariate analysis, the beneficial effect was shown to be
      significant in females, patients with good performance status, weight loss less
      than 6%, squamous cell histology, state III disease or no prior therapy. EBI
      significantly increased CNS metastasis-free interval with a beneficial effect
      that was significant in males, patients with weight loss less than 6%, squamous
      cell histology or responders. Although no survival benefit was observed for the
      treated group because of the adverse effect from other relapses, EBI will become
      more important as better treatment programs are developed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6389781
TI  - History of the Organization of Teachers of Dental Practice Administration.

PMID- 6389782
TI  - Founding of the American Academy of Dental Group Practice.

PMID- 6389783
TI  - Postnatal development of laminar innervation patterns by monoaminergic fibers in
      monkey (Macaca fascicularis) primary visual cortex.
AB  - Immunohistochemical methods are used to characterize the distribution of
      noradrenergic and serotonergic fibers in primary visual cortex of cynomolgus
      monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) at various postnatal ages. Previous studies in
      adult squirrel monkeys have shown that serotonergic fibers are generally
      restricted to the upper four cortical laminae and are especially dense in layer
      IV, whereas noradrenergic fibers are especially dense in layers V and VI,
      moderate in layers I, II, and III, and virtually absent in layer IV (Morrison, J.
      H., S. L. Foote, M. E. Molliver, F. E. Bloom, and H. G. W. Lidov (1982) Proc.
      Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2401-2405; Morrison, J. H., S. L. Foote, D. O'Connor, and
      F. E. Bloom (1982) Brain Res. Bull. 9: 309-319). Since these monoamines,
      especially norepinephrine, have been hypothesized to play an essential role in
      the developmental plasticity of visual cortex organization (e.g., Kasamatsu, T.,
      and J. D. Pettigrew (1976) Science 194: 206-209; Pettigrew, J. D., and T.
      Kasamatsu (1978) Nature 271: 761-763), the present study examined the postnatal
      development of these innervation patterns, especially just before and just after
      the reported "critical period" for visual plasticity. A dense serotonergic
      innervation of layer IV is present at birth along with sparse innervation of
      other laminae. The adult pattern of serotonergic innervation, which is similar to
      that in the squirrel monkey but even more specifically laminated, becomes evident
      by 6 weeks of age. In the adult pattern, the most dense innervation remains in
      layers IVb and IVc. A much lower density of noradrenergic than of serotonergic
      fibers is evident at all ages examined. As with serotonin, the lowest density of
      fibers is observed at birth. By about 2 months of age these noradrenergic fibers
      have become more dense, and their laminar distribution is similar to that of
      adult cynomolgus which is similar to adult squirrel monkey. These studies
      indicate that: (1) both types of innervation display a continuum of development,
      with no abrupt changes, (2) serotonergic innervation is more dense than
      noradrenergic innervation at every age examined, (3) these two transmitter
      systems exhibit very different laminar innervation patterns as early as birth,
      and (4) the greater laminar specialization of area 17 in cynomolgus versus
      squirrel monkeys is accompanied by corresponding enhanced laminar specialization
      of these monoaminergic afferents.

PMID- 6389784
TI  - Localization of spectrin in mammalian brain.
AB  - Spectrin is a major skeletal component of the erythrocyte membrane and is
      essential in controlling cell shape and structural stability. The brain has also
      been found to be rich in an immunoreactive and structural analogue of spectrin.
      In the present study, spectrin was localized in the mouse brain by indirect
      immunofluorescence using an antibody to erythrocyte spectrin that cross-reacts
      specifically with the alpha and beta subunits of brain spectrin. Spectrin
      antigens were concentrated in neuronal perikarya and cell processes. Synaptic
      structures and axons were observed to have little detectable spectrin antigen by
      immunofluorescence methodology. The cell bodies of glia had a less intense
      immunoreactivity in contrast to neurons, and glial processes and myelin were
      unstained. Cell nuclei of neural cells were not fluorescent. These results show
      that (a) spectrin is found in all regions of mammalian brain and its intensity
      corresponds to neural cell density, (b) different neural cell types contain
      variable spectrin content, and (c) within a single neural cell, the regional
      disposition of spectrin varies.

PMID- 6389785
TI  - Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary emboli in neurosurgical patients: a review.
AB  - This review examines the incidence, natural history, diagnosis, prophylaxis, and
      management of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in
      neurosurgical patients. Recent studies estimate the incidence of postoperative
      DVT detected by fibrinogen scanning in neurosurgical patients to be 29% to 43%.
      Specific factors that enhance the risk of venous thromboembolism include previous
      DVT, surgery, immobilization, advanced age, obesity, limb weakness, heart
      failure, and lower extremity trauma. Clinical diagnosis of venous thromboembolism
      is unreliable but can be augmented by noninvasive screening tests such as iodine
      125-fibrinogen scanning, Doppler ultrasonography, and impedance plethysmography.
      As prophylactic measures, mini-dose heparin and external pneumatic compression of
      the legs have decreased the incidence of DVT in clinical studies of neurosurgical
      patients. However, no prophylactic measure has been convincingly shown to prevent
      PE in neurosurgical patients. Thrombi involving the popliteal, deep femoral, and
      iliac veins appear most likely to cause significant PE. Anticoagulation therapy
      constitutes standard management of DVT and PE; however, in neurosurgical patients
      the potential for precipitating intracranial or intraspinal hemorrhage may
      necessitate vena caval interruption. This appears to be an effective alternative
      to anticoagulation.

PMID- 6389787
TI  - Stereotaxic device for polar approaches in orthogonal systems. Technical note.
AB  - A special stereotaxic device is described which was conceived and built to
      integrate the peculiar orthogonal approach of the well known Talairach apparatus
      with a polar approach. The device is useful to reach small and deep-seated brain
      targets, particularly those located on or close to the midline. Its use in
      several different stereotaxic operations, such as thalamotomy, brain-tumor
      biopsy, or radiotherapy, proved its flexibility, safety, and reliability.

PMID- 6389786
TI  - The role of the prostacyclin-thromboxane system in cerebral vasospasm following
      induced subarachnoid hemorrhage in the rabbit.
AB  - Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was induced in 50 rabbits by injecting 1.25 cc/kg
      of autologous, well heparinized, fresh arterial blood into the cisterna magna,
      followed by suspending the animals in a head-down position at 30 degrees for 15
      minutes. The animals were evenly divided into five groups: a control group, or
      groups receiving post-SAH prostacyclin (PGI2), carbacyclin, thromboxane A2 (TXA2)
      synthetase inhibitor (OKY-1581), or nutralipid. Radiographic vertebrobasilar
      arterial spasm was demonstrated on the 3rd day post-SAH in the control animals.
      This was decreased in the prostacyclin and the carbacyclin groups and was absent
      in the OKY-1581 and the nutralipid groups. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements
      on the 4th day post-SAH using the xenon-133 technique failed to reveal any
      significant difference between the prostacyclin, the carbacyclin, and the control
      groups, but flows in the nutralipid and the OKY-1581 groups were significantly
      higher. There was a good correlation between the clinical status and the CBF.
      Intracytoplasmic vacuolation and detachment of the vascular endothelium, seen
      ultrastructurally, may account for the impaired synthesis of prostacyclin.
      Exogenous prostacyclin and carbacyclin decreased vasospasm but failed to improve
      cerebral perfusion. OKY-1581 blocked the synthesis of the potent vasoconstrictor,
      TXA2, which is not only formed during platelet aggregation but also induces
      platelet aggregation. Nutralipid contains linolenic acid, a precursor of
      eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which is more potent in inhibiting platelet
      aggregation and in blocking TXA2 production. The various fatty acid constituents
      of nutralipid bind to albumin and thereby shorten the half-life of TXA2.

PMID- 6389788
TI  - Exposure of the posterior wall during end-to-side vascular anastomosis. Technical
      note.

PMID- 6389789
TI  - A CT guided stereotactic apparatus: new approach to biopsy and removal of brain
      tumors.
AB  - Advancements in diagnostic and surgical technology in recent decades have greatly
      enhanced the ability for patients with central nervous system disorders to live
      longer, more meaningful lives. The CT guided stereotactic system has proven to be
      extremely useful in the localization and biopsy and/or total removal of brain
      lesions of small size. Incorporation of this system with other technologic
      advancements such as the CO2 laser, phototherapy and NMR may be very promising in
      early detection and treatment of CNS tumors.

PMID- 6389790
TI  - Scintigraphic evaluation of the viability of cold-preserved kidneys before
      transplantation.
AB  - Renal microcirculation studies utilizing microspheres can provide a highly
      reliable index of the viability of preserved kidneys. We describe a noninvasive
      method that permits subsequent transplantation of each tested kidney. Fresh
      canine kidneys were removed and perfused with either Collins' solution or
      Collins' solution with 5 mg/l of trifluoperazine (TFP), and preserved at 4
      degrees to 6 degrees C in their respective perfusates for 5, 24, 48, or 72 hr. At
      the end of each period, the preserved kidney was perfused with 50,000 Tc-99m
      labeled microspheres. Uniform cortical activity occurred in all kidneys preserved
      for 5 hr, with moderate decreases in cortical activity at 24 hr. Kidneys perfused
      with Collins' solution showed progressively decreasing cortical flow with sparse
      cortical activity after 72 hr. In kidneys perfused with Collins' solution
      containing TFP, however, cortical flow remained relatively well preserved at 48
      and 72 hr. Direct correlation between viability of the cortical microcirculation
      and the capacity of the corresponding kidney to sustain life upon
      retransplantation into the original host was observed.

PMID- 6389791
TI  - Skeletal photopenic lesions in In-111 WBC imaging.
AB  - Four cases of skeletal photon-deficient areas in In-111 white blood cell (In-111
      WBC) images are reported. These were found in patients with lymphoma, vertebral
      osteomyelitis, and following radiotherapy and extensive surgical procedures. We
      emphasize that these photopenic lesions, although uncommon, may represent tumor
      involvement or benign processes, including osteomyelitis. Possible mechanisms to
      explain this phenomenon are discussed.

PMID- 6389792
TI  - The status of SPECT in tumor diagnosis.

PMID- 6389793
TI  - Dynamic cardiac imaging.

PMID- 6389794
TI  - Radioiodine- 125 in biomedicine: 1959-1984.

PMID- 6389795
TI  - Re: Radiation absorbed dose from Tc-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)

PMID- 6389796
TI  - Ureterovaginal fistula detected by Tc-99m DTPA scintigraphy.

PMID- 6389797
TI  - Using a PERT planning network. To manage a nursing service computer system
      installation.
AB  - A PERT network is presented as a valuable planning tool that depicts the complex
      precision planning required to manage the installation of a computer system
      within the nursing division.

PMID- 6389798
TI  - Research in nursing has a history.

PMID- 6389799
TI  - Ultrasound.

PMID- 6389800
TI  - Vitamin B-6 content of plasma of domestic animals determined by HPLC, enzymatic
      and radiometric microbiological methods.
AB  - In the course of searching for a good animal model of human vitamin B-6
      metabolism, it was discovered that plasma from pigs fed natural diets contained
      substances that interfered with the HPLC analysis of vitamin B-6. To determine
      the extent of such interference, plasma from several other species was examined.
      In addition to the HPLC method, the samples were analyzed by an apotyrosine
      decarboxylase method and a radiometric microbiological assay. In cats and dogs
      good correlation was obtained between pyridoxal phosphate concentrations
      determined by the HPLC and by the enzymatic method (r = 0.973). Also there was
      good correlation between total vitamin B-6 concentrations determined by HPLC and
      by radiometric microbiological assay (r = 0.998). Severe interference in the HPLC
      assay was encountered in plasma from pigs and herbivorous animals including
      goats, cattle, horses and sheep. The interference was eliminated in a pig fed a
      purified diet for 5 days. Average plasma pyridoxal phosphate concentrations range
      from 29 nM in pigs to 2443 nM in cats. This wide range indicates that there may
      be significant differences between species in dietary B-6 intake and/or
      metabolism of vitamin B-6.

PMID- 6389801
TI  - Leaders in medicine. Edward K. Norfleet, MD.

PMID- 6389802
TI  - Occurrence of oral Candida in irradiated head and neck cancer patients.

PMID- 6389803
TI  - Guiding sleeve tilt angle in paralleling instruments.
AB  - To investigate the guiding sleeve tilt angle in paralleling instruments, the
      diameter of guiding sleeves and drill shanks were measured for a number of
      instrument makes and Spirko type drill makes. Significant diameter differences
      between makes were found for drills as well as for sleeves. The guiding sleeve
      tilt angle changed considerably depending on drill--instrument combination.
      Selection of an unsuitably dimensioned drill could increase the sleeve tilt angle
      by about four times. A dimensional standardization of guiding shanks and sleeves
      is thus recommended.

PMID- 6389804
TI  - Jaw relations for complete dentures.

PMID- 6389805
TI  - Latex agglutination tests for rapid identification of group A streptococci
      directly from throat swabs.
AB  - A comparison of the accuracy and practicality of two new latex agglutination
      tests for the rapid identification of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci
      directly from throat swabs was performed in a busy pediatric office. The
      Directigen Group A Strep Test kit had a sensitivity of 84%, specificity 99%,
      positive predictive value 99%, and negative predictive value 93% when compared
      with blood agar cultures. The Culturette Brand 10-Minute Group A Strep ID Kit had
      a sensitivity of 83%, a specificity 99%, positive predictive value 97%, and
      negative predictive value 93% when compared with blood agar cultures. When
      cultures with less than 10 colonies of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci per
      plate were not considered positive, both rapid tests had a sensitivity of 95%.
      The Culturette Brand test required considerably less time, equipment, supplies,
      and skill than the Directigen test. Only the Culturette Brand test appeared to be
      practical for routine use in a pediatrician's office. Further investigations of
      the accuracy of both of these rapid tests need to be performed before either is
      accepted as a substitute for the throat culture.

PMID- 6389807
TI  - Aluminum toxicity in children with chronic renal failure.

PMID- 6389806
TI  - Antigen-induced plaque-forming cell responses in cultures of peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells of human neonates and infants.
AB  - Human cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) were stimulated in vitro with a number
      of T cell-dependent antigens. Antigen-induced B cell activation was measured
      applying a plaque-forming cell assay for the detection of antigen-specific IgM
      secreting B cells. With the exception of diphtheria toxoid, the antigens
      ovalbumin, sheep red blood cells, Helix pomatia hemocyanin, burro red blood
      cells, and tetanus toxoid elicited an IgM-plaque-forming cell response in
      cultures of CBMC to levels obtained for peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)
      from adult controls. However, for each antigen used, the antigen dose optimal for
      the induction of a response was consistently found to be a hundred to a thousand
      times lower than the concentration of the corresponding antigen optimal for adult
      PBMC. Longitudinal studies on PBMC obtained from infants between 2 and 30 months
      of age revealed that a shift of the antigen dose toward concentrations needed to
      induce plaque-forming cells in cultures of adult PBMC occurs at approximately age
      8 months. Our data indicate that various antigens can be used for the in vitro
      analysis of antigen-specific B cell activation and regulatory T cell functions in
      studies concerning the ontogeny of the humoral immune response in humans.

PMID- 6389808
TI  - A nonmalignant teratoma secreting hCG: expanding the spectrum of ectopic hormone
      production.

PMID- 6389809
TI  - Amniotic band sequence associated with ectopia cordis in one twin.

PMID- 6389810
TI  - Rotavirus ELISA test.

PMID- 6389811
TI  - Adolescent pregnancy: biobehavioral determinants of outcome.

PMID- 6389812
TI  - Comparison between bone marrow transplantation and antithymocyte globulin in
      treatment of young patients with severe aplastic anemia.
AB  - Fifty-seven patients younger than 25 years with severe aplastic anemia underwent
      either bone marrow transplantation or antithymocyte globulin therapy (ATG) to
      ascertain which approach should be used in young patients. Thirty-five patients
      who had an HLA-identical sibling donor underwent bone marrow transplantation
      after conditioning with cyclophosphamide and low-dose total-body radiation.
      Twenty-two patients who did not have an HLA-identical donor received ATG. The 2
      year actuarial survival of patients after transplant is 72% (95%, CI 64% to 80%),
      versus 45% (95%, CI 29% to 61%) in those given ATG therapy (P = 0.18). In those
      patients surviving 6 months after treatment, return of peripheral blood counts to
      normal values was more common in patients who received marrow transplant compared
      with those given ATG therapy (P less than 0.001). Furthermore, 24 of 26
      transplant survivors had Karnofsky performance scores greater than 90%, compared
      with only five of 13 ATG survivors. These data suggest that bone marrow
      transplantation is the preferred therapy for severe aplastic anemia in young
      patients who have an HLA-identical sibling donor. ATG should be reversed for
      those young patients with severe aplastic anemia who do not have a
      histocompatible marrow donor.

PMID- 6389813
TI  - Diagnostic imaging of the hepatobiliary system in infants and children.

PMID- 6389814
TI  - Outpatient use of oral rehydration solutions in Apache population: effect of
      instructions on preparation and contamination.
AB  - Oral Rehydration Solutions (ORS) containing 90 and 50 mmol/L sodium have recently
      been recommended for use in ambulatory children in the U.S. These solutions are
      now marketed in powder form by some commercial companies. However, few data are
      available in the U.S. on the accuracy with which the solutions are mixed at home
      or on the bacterial contamination that may occur during mixing. We evaluated the
      effect of various forms of instructions on the occurrence of bacterial
      contamination and accuracy of mixing ORS at home by mothers of patients who were
      dispensed the dry ingredients of an ORS containing 90 mmol/L sodium at the U.S.
      Public Health Service Hospital, Whiteriver, Arizona. Patients were randomized to
      one of the four following groups: group I (23 patients) was given written
      instructions for mixing the solution along with a pre-marked container; group II
      (22 patients) was given written instructions only; group III (22 patients) was
      given a premarked container only; and group IV (19 patients) was given neither.
      All patients were given oral instructions in the preparation of ORS and were
      asked to refrigerate the reconstituted ORS. We collected samples of ORS at the
      patient's home 1 day after the clinic visit, to measure their electrolyte content
      and to identify any bacterial contamination. Mean Na+ concentrations were
      significantly lower in the ORS prepared by mothers/guardians in groups that were
      not given a premarked container [82 +/- 13 (II) and 79 +/- 21 (IV) mmol/L vs. 88
      +/- 13 (I) and 92 +/- 14 (III) mmol/L; p less than 0.01].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6389815
TI  - Aspirin in acute gastroenteritis: a clinical and microbiological study.
AB  - Soluble aspirin given by mouth in divided dosage decreased intestinal fluid loss
      in infants and young children with acute gastroenteritis. The treated group had
      significantly less diarrhea, which ceased earlier and needed less intravenous
      therapy, than a randomly selected control group given an indistinguishable
      placebo. This effect of aspirin occurred with diarrhea caused by Salmonella,
      Aeromonas, Escherichia coli producing heat-labile toxin, and rotavirus, but not
      with diarrhea associated with strains of E. coli producing heat-stable toxin.

PMID- 6389816
TI  - Abnormal mucus: nominated but not yet elected.
AB  - Mucus secretions of the intestine may contribute to plug formation in CF, through
      several mechanisms acting alone or simultaneously. Excessive mucin secretion and
      relative dehydration of secretions would elevate mucin concentration and enhance
      mucus gel formation. Deficient pancreatic enzymes combined with intrinsic
      hyperglycosylation of mucin or an increase in covalently bound fatty acid groups
      on mucins, would retard normal proteolytic degradation of mucins. Excessive
      calcium ions in the ducts would tend to decrease mucin solubility, while
      excessive hydrogen ions and protein (especially albumin) together with mucins,
      may be responsible for the appearance of proteinaceous ductal 'plugs'
      characteristic of CF pathology.

PMID- 6389817
TI  - Pathophysiology of the pancreas in cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 6389818
TI  - Personal space as a function of infant illness: an application of
      multidimensional scaling.

PMID- 6389819
TI  - Megalocornea: a clinical and echographic study of an autosomal dominant pedigree.
AB  - A family with autosomal dominant megalocornea was studied clinically and
      echographically. The anterior chamber angles, intraocular pressures and axial
      lengths were all normal. These findings strongly support the dualist proposition
      which contends that etiologically, megalocornea and congenital glaucoma are
      distinct.

PMID- 6389820
TI  - Nonoperative management of liver injuries following blunt abdominal trauma in
      children.
AB  - In a 4-year span, 12 patients with hepatic trauma were treated at our
      institution. After initial resuscitation, three underwent emergency celiotomy
      because of the severity of their injuries. This communication analyses the other
      nine. All of these had significant liver injuries and were managed
      nonoperatively. Hepatic injury was diagnosed and the severity defined by
      ultrasonography, radionuclide scintigraphy, or computed tomography (CT). These
      stable patients were initially admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and upon
      transfer to the ward, maintained on restricted activities. Seven of the nine
      children received blood transfusions. Although liver enzymes were initially
      elevated in each case, they returned to normal in 1 week. In-hospital and post
      discharge imaging documented healing of the hepatic injuries in each case. Eight
      children are well at 3 months to 4 years follow-up. Only one of the nine
      nonoperatively managed patients died and this was secondary to severe head
      injuries. To date, there are no complications. Our nine children are added to the
      23 nonoperatively treated pediatric hepatic injuries found in the literature.

PMID- 6389821
TI  - Bond strengths of acid-etched bridge retainers.

PMID- 6389823
TI  - Psychological testing with transsexuals: a 30-year review.
AB  - This paper critically reviews over 30 years of psychological testing of
      transsexualism, during which time 41 studies have been published. A review of the
      psychological tests and methodology employed, the search for an adequate control
      group, and an analysis of the findings are presented. It is argued that we have
      reached a critical point in transsexual research. Researchers must reconsider the
      "hit or miss" approach to psychological testing with transsexuals and relate
      psychological testing to the actual clinical phenomenon of transsexualism;
      addressing the newer conceptualizations of transsexualism as a variant of
      borderline pathology.

PMID- 6389824
TI  - "After all these years". Reflections on returning to dialysis.

PMID- 6389822
TI  - Possible role of calcium in periodontal disease.
AB  - The uptake of Ca2+ by endotoxin-challenged 3T6 fibroblasts, in vitro, was
      studied. In recent years, the role of calcium in cell injury ultimately leading
      to cell death has attracted a fair amount of interest. The purpose of the study
      was to determine whether the direct toxic action of endotoxin is related to a
      disturbance in Ca2+ homeostasis. Increased calcium uptake in endotoxin-challenged
      cells was found to be directly related to the bacterial source and method of
      extraction of endotoxin, the cell density of the culture and the pH of the
      medium. The effect of endotoxin on calcium uptake was completely reversed by
      polymyxin B which is known to neutralize the endotoxicity of lipopolysaccharides.
      These results imply that the increased calcium uptake may be one of the
      mechanisms by which endotoxin causes direct tissue damage. The potential
      significance of these data to periodontal disease is discussed.

PMID- 6389825
TI  - Microbial kinetics of beta-lactam antibiotics against Escherichia coli.
AB  - Microbial kinetics of Escherichia coli NIHJ JC-2 and E. coli B/r were
      investigated in the presence of beta-lactam antibiotics. To maintain a constant
      drug concentration during the experiment, a novel technique, using a dialysis
      membrane tube containing the drug solution, was successfully employed. The drug
      affected generation curves of E. coli exhibited common features. After the
      addition of drug, an apparent lag period was noted, followed by a first-order
      decrease of the sensitive organisms and, 6 h later, by a regrowth of resistant
      organisms, depending on the antibiotic concentration used. The relationship
      between the apparent generation rate constant, kapp, and the antibiotic
      concentration was found to be nonlinear. This phenomenon is consistent with a
      saturable receptor site model for the drug action. A good linear free energy
      relationship was observed between the microbial kinetic parameter, kmax, and the
      alkaline degradation rate constants, kOH, of the cephalosporins studied.

PMID- 6389826
TI  - Spectrofluorometric determination of captopril plus captopril disulfide
      metabolites in plasma.
AB  - Captopril disulfides and the drug covalently bound to proteins were reduced with
      tri-n-butylphosphine. After sample purification on an XAD-2 column, captopril was
      treated with 1-(7-dimethylamino)-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H -1-benzopyran-3-yl)-1H-pyrrole
      2,5-dione to form a fluorescent derivative. After acidification, the fluorescent
      derivative was extracted into toluene and purified on a C18 cartridge. The
      fluorescence of the dimethyl-formamide eluate was measured at an excitation
      wavelength of 380 nm and a fluorescence wavelength of 440 nm.

PMID- 6389827
TI  - Identification and determination of the S-methyl metabolite of captopril in human
      plasma by selected-ion monitoring gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - The S-methyl metabolite of captopril was identified and determined in human
      plasma by positive chemical ionization selected-ion monitoring gas chromatography
      mass spectrometry. After oral administration of 100 mg of captopril to healthy
      subjects, the maximum plasma level was 60-114 ng/mL. These data for the S-methyl
      metabolite of captopril were correlated to total and unchanged captopril levels.
      Captopril--identification and determination of the S-methyl metabolite in human
      plasma, gas chromatography-selected-ion monitoring mass spectrometry Gas
      chromatography-selected-ion monitoring mass spectrometry--determination of the S
      methyl metabolite of captopril in human plasma after oral administration.

PMID- 6389828
TI  - [Permeability of the erythrocyte membrane].

PMID- 6389829
TI  - Restoration of the extremely worn dentition.

PMID- 6389830
TI  - Quality of extensive fixed prosthodontics after five years.
AB  - A group of 150 patients who had received extensive restorative treatment 5 years
      prior to this study was selected at random from the Swedish Dental Insurance
      System records in Malmo. Of the 133 respondents to a questionnaire, 109
      participated in a clinical evaluation of 891 restorations including 498 crowns,
      232 pontics, 6 removable partial dentures, and 155 adjacent or opposing metallic
      restorations. The clinical evaluation was performed by two trained examiners by
      means of the CDA quality evaluation for dental care. Ninety percent of the crowns
      and pontics, 80% of the adjacent or opposing metallic restorations, and all six
      partial dentures were rated satisfactory. Twenty-three percent of the crowns, 49%
      of the pontics, 17% of the adjacent or opposing restorations, and half the
      partial dentures rated in the range of excellence. Not acceptable ratings for
      crowns included 3.4% T ratings and 6.6% V ratings. For pontics, the corresponding
      percents were 9.5% and 0.4%, respectively. T ratings were in most cases
      indicative of overcontouring, whereas V ratings for crowns were usually given
      because of secondary caries. Marginal periodontitis was mainly associated with
      not acceptable ratings but was also observed in connection with satisfactory
      restorations. Only 2% of the restorations had been lost during the 5-year period
      after insertion.

PMID- 6389831
TI  - Average maximum post lengths in endodontically treated teeth.

PMID- 6389832
TI  - A clinical evaluation of two base metal alloys and a gold alloy for use in fixed
      prosthodontics: a five-year study.

PMID- 6389833
TI  - Dimensional stability of elastomeric impression materials in custom-made and
      stock trays.
AB  - Elastomeric impression materials for fixed prosthodontics are considered most
      stable when they have an even thickness of 2 to 4 mm. To obtain this, a custom
      made impression tray is recommended. The purpose of the present study was to
      compare the stability of impressions made in custom trays and trays made of
      chromium-plated brass. The impression materials chosen were polyether and
      silicone. Two master models of the upper jaw were made of metal. The canines and
      first molars represented abutment teeth with flat occlusal surfaces. An engraved
      cross on each surface made it possible to measure in a microscope the distances
      between the abutment teeth on the models and in the impressions. The accuracy of
      the method was within +/- 8 micron. Twelve standardized impressions were made
      with each impression material in the two types of trays. The distances between
      the abutment teeth were measured immediately on removal of the impression, and
      after 1 and 24 hours. Although ample amount of impression material (2 to 9 mm)
      was allowed, the linear dimensional stability of the impressions made in stock
      trays was not inferior to the stability of impressions made in custom-made trays.

PMID- 6389834
TI  - Clinical study of two luting cements used on student-treated patients: an interim
      report.
AB  - A long-term clinical test has been started to compare a zinc phosphate with a
      polycarboxylate cement as luting materials for crowns and fixed partial dentures.
      The present report includes an evaluation of two groups of student-treated
      patients regarding their suitability for this type of testing, as well as certain
      clinical and radiographic criteria recorded 6 and 18 months after insertion of
      the restorations. No significant differences were observed regarding the
      composition of the patients or the type of treatment. No loosening of
      restorations and no differences between the two groups in other respects such as
      subjective complaints, clinical symptoms, carious lesions, or periapical changes
      were observed. So far, both cements seem equally suitable as luting materials.

PMID- 6389835
TI  - Treatment needs of overdenture patients in a longitudinal study: five-year
      results.
AB  - This study evaluated the treatment needs of 44 overdenture patients who had worn
      their dentures for at least 5 years. There were 135 abutment teeth involved, 35
      in the maxillae and 100 in the mandible. Recall rates varied from a low of 27.6%
      to a high of 73.7%. The attrition rate was 20.5% after 5 years. The caries rate
      varied from a low of 2.7% to a high of 20.6%, and periodontal treatment was
      required by 94% of the subjects after 5 years. Only 39.4% of the subjects
      required adjustments, repairs, relines, or remakes of their overdentures during
      this time. The study showed that the success of overdentures depended on
      maintaining oral hygiene at an adequate level and at least yearly recalls to
      maintain gingival health.

PMID- 6389836
TI  - Clinical evaluation of polyvinylsiloxane for complete denture impressions.

PMID- 6389837
TI  - Use of a palatal reservoir in denture patients with xerostomia.
AB  - Dentures that included a reservoir for saliva substitute in the palate of the
      maxillary denture were constructed for three xerostomic patients. Results were
      obtained through examinations and interviews. All patients found that the
      reservoir system helped control the xerostomia. Details of design and function
      were reviewed and general applications were discussed.

PMID- 6389838
TI  - Sectional prostheses connected by samarium-cobalt magnets.
AB  - Large acquired defects with undercuts can be restored with sectional prostheses.
      Sections of the prosthesis can be connected with small Sm-Co magnet pairs. The
      advantages of Sm-Co magnets are that (1) sections of prostheses can be connected
      by magnets less than 1 cm in size, (2) they can be embedded in thin sections of
      acrylic resin, (3) they are easy to place, (4) insertion is easy (magnetic
      attraction enhances), (5) hollow obturators can be used, and (6) tissue undercuts
      can be used for additional retention of prostheses.

PMID- 6389839
TI  - Obturation of congenital or acquired intraoral anatomic defects.

PMID- 6389840
TI  - An interim obturator prosthesis with duplicated teeth and palate.
AB  - A technique for fabrication of an interim obturator has been described in which
      the palatal and arch form can be reproduced with relative accuracy. The
      duplication aids in rehabilitation of the patient, because an environment for the
      tongue similar to the preoperative environment may simplify speech and
      deglutition (Fig. 7). In addition, the technique permits replacement of anterior
      teeth in the same position and of the same size and shape as were present
      preoperatively (Fig. 8). The technique is also more economic because of the time
      saved, the ease of the procedure, and the use of duplicated teeth.

PMID- 6389841
TI  - Provisional restorations for altered occlusions.
AB  - A method for fabricating provisional restorations with specific criteria has been
      outlined and offers the following advantages: Altered occlusion can be restored.
      Select steps can be delegated to auxiliary personnel. Commercial laboratory fees
      are eliminated. It is inexpensive. The restorations are durable and esthetic.
      Restorations are readily modified intraorally. This flexible procedure is used
      for short or long spans, and/or for segmented treatment. Casts of acceptable
      anterior provisional restorations can provide a template for developing anterior
      guidance in the final restorations.

PMID- 6389842
TI  - Prosthodontic survey. Part I: Removable prosthodontic laboratory survey.
AB  - A questionnaire was mailed to 488 dental laboratories in five midwestern states,
      of which 303 or 62% were returned after two mailings. The survey was conducted to
      discern what techniques are most frequently used by practicing dentists. The
      results indicate that dentists frequently use techniques that require a minimum
      of appointment time.

PMID- 6389843
TI  - Use of silver alloys to oppose lingual bladed denture teeth.

PMID- 6389844
TI  - Use of adhesive vinyl tooth forms as an aid in the arrangement of artificial
      teeth.

PMID- 6389845
TI  - Technique for making flexible impression trays for the microstomic patient.
AB  - This impression technique can be used for patients in whom routine use of stock
      impression trays is hindered by microstomia. Putty wash material can be
      manipulated with minimal effort and time. Placing the completed preliminary
      impression in a free-flowing mix of dental stone stabilizes the impression
      material and facilitates boxing and pouring of the impression. The resultant
      preliminary casts can then be used for diagnostic purposes and for making rigid
      sectional trays for final impressions.

PMID- 6389846
TI  - Effects of chloroquine on the feeding mechanism of the intraerythrocytic human
      malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
AB  - Ultrastructural investigations of P. falciparum cultivated in vitro in human
      erythrocytes revealed new features of the feeding mechanism of the parasite.
      Mature trophozoites and schizonts take up a portion of the host cytosol by
      endocytosis which is restricted to cytostomes and which involves the invagination
      of both parasitophorous and parasite membranes. The resulting endocytic vesicles,
      surrounded by two concentric membranes, migrate towards the central food vacuole
      membrane. The external membrane of the endocytic vesicles apposes that of the
      food vacuole, leading to the internalization of vesicles bounded by a single
      membrane into the vacuole space where they are rapidly degraded. We conclude from
      this sequence of events that endocytic vesicles fuse with the food vacuole.
      Treatment of infected cells with therapeutic concentrations of chloroquine
      inhibited the last step of the feeding process, i.e. vacuolar degradation. This
      was manifested by the accumulation within the vacuolar space of intact vesicles
      bounded by single membranes. The implications of these findings for the
      antimalarial activity of chloroquine are discussed.

PMID- 6389847
TI  - The effects of aspirin-containing serum in the continuous culture of Plasmodium
      falciparum.
AB  - In vitro culture of Plasmodium falciparum-infected human erythrocytes (RBC) has
      permitted systematic study of human host-parasite relations. In this study the
      effect of aspirin in the culture system was examined by using serum from blood of
      fasting, healthy male volunteers, before and after the ingestion of aspirin. The
      addition of aspirin-containing serum disturbed parasite growth and development: 0
      1/2 dilutions of treated/control sera inhibited parasite development, with
      nuclear pyknosis, pyknotic extracellular parasites (trophozoites) in the media,
      decreased numbers and sizes of "rings" (early trophozoites), and an increased
      number of later trophozoites and schizonts. Paradoxically, while the
      incorporation of [3H]isoleucine into protein was not affected by the aspirin
      containing sera, the incorporation [3H]hypoxanthine was significantly changed and
      did not correlate with morphological evidence of cytotoxicity. Thus, the so
      called "incorporation" of a radioactive tracer is not a fully reliable index of
      parasite growth in the presence of certain compounds. The findings underscore the
      importance, in this culture system which employs human serum, of avoiding serum
      from donors who have recently ingested aspirin.

PMID- 6389848
TI  - Extraintestinal development of Caryospora simplex (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) in
      experimentally infected mice, Mus musculus.
AB  - Developmental stages of Caryospora simplex were found in connective tissue of the
      cheek, tongue, and nose of Swiss-Webster and C57 BL/6 mice (Mus musculus) from 8
      through 70 days after oral inoculation with 50,000 or 250,000 oocysts, or 60,000
      free sporocysts of the same species obtained from an Ottoman viper, Vipera
      xanthina xanthina. The earliest developmental stages were seen on day 8 post
      inoculation (PI) and consisted of two types of meronts and gamonts
      (undifferentiated sexual stages). Gamonts, microgametocytes, macrogametes, and
      unsporulated oocysts were found on days 10 and 12 PI. Fully sporulated, thin
      walled oocysts containing eight sporozoites surrounded by a thin sporocyst
      membrane were first seen 12 days PI. Monozoic cysts (caryocysts) were first seen
      12 days PI and appeared fully viable throughout the duration of the study, 70
      days PI. Four mice injected intra-peritoneally with 150,000 free sporozoites and
      killed 12 days PI contained unsporulated and sporulated oocysts in connective
      tissues of the cheek, tongue, and nose, suggesting that sporozoites may be
      carried to the site of infection via the lymphatic/circulatory system. Four
      cotton rats, Sigmodon hispidus, inoculated orally with 250,000 oocysts all had
      unsporulated and sporulated oocysts of C. simplex in connective tissue of the
      cheek, tongue, and nose when killed on day 12 PI, indicating extraintestinal
      development in the secondary host is not species specific. This is the first
      report of a heteroxenous coccidium with both asexual and sexual development in
      the primary (predator) and secondary (prey) hosts.

PMID- 6389849
TI  - Effects of mitochondrial protein synthesis inhibitors on the incorporation of
      isoleucine into Plasmodium falciparum in vitro.
AB  - Plasmodium falciparum was grown in human erythrocytes in vitro and the effect of
      chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and tetracycline on growth and maturation of the
      parasites and on their ability to incorporate [3H]isoleucine into protein was
      observed. Exposure of rings to high concentrations of chloramphenicol had little
      effect on subsequent maturation of the rings whereas brief (4 h) exposure of
      trophozoites caused a dose-dependent inhibition of subsequent ring formation.
      Incorporation of [3H]isoleucine into protein was not affected during at least 6 h
      of exposure to high concentration of the three drugs examined, but appreciable
      inhibition was observed after 21 h, with chloramphenicol being the least
      effective inhibitor. These results suggest that there is a stage-specific effect
      of inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis on subsequent development and
      that the mitochondria are essential for growth and development even though they
      lack a functional Krebs cycle.

PMID- 6389850
TI  - Enhanced multiplication of intracellular (amastigote) stages of Trypanosoma cruzi
      in vitro.
AB  - Amastigotes of different strains of Trypanosoma cruzi responded to stimulation
      with concanavalin A in an axenic medium by increased DNA synthesis and cell
      multiplication. These effects were inhibited by alpha-methyl mannoside. Other
      mitogens, i.e. phytohemagglutinin P, castor bean ricin Type II isolated from
      Ricinus communis, and a bacterial lipopolysaccharide, had no effect on amastigote
      growth. Amastigote stimulation by concanavalin A lends itself to studies on the
      biochemistry and cell cycle of this human pathogen.

PMID- 6389851
TI  - Breast cancer and the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.

PMID- 6389852
TI  - Perineal healing after panproctocolectomy for inflammatory bowel disease.

PMID- 6389853
TI  - The falklands: rate of British psychiatric combat casualties compared to recent
      American wars.
AB  - This paper examines factors leading to the low rate of combat psychiatric
      casualties in the British recapture of the Falklands compared to the American
      experience in North Africa, Italy, Europe and South Pacific theatres during World
      War II, the Korean Conflict and Vietnam. The factors compared are those thought
      to affect rates seen in these past wars. The factors highlighted are psychiatric
      screening of evacuees, presence of psychiatric personnel in line units, intensity
      of combat and use of elite units. Factors also mentioned are presence of possible
      occult psychiatric casualties such as frostbite and malaria, amount of indirect
      fire and the offensive or defensive nature of the combat. A unique aspect of the
      Falklands War examined is the exclusive use of hospital ships to treat
      psychiatric casualties and the impact of Geneva Convention rules regarding
      hospital ships on the classic treatment principles of proximity and expectancy.
      The types and numbers of various diagnoses are also presented. The British
      Campaign in the Falklands produced a remarkably low rate of psychiatric
      casualties. When viewed in light of American experience in recent wars, this low
      rate represents a concentration of optimal factors leading to healthy function in
      combat. The results of this war should not be used to predict a similar outcome
      in future combat as this particular constellation of factors may not recur.

PMID- 6389854
TI  - Alcohol and the fighting man--an historical review.

PMID- 6389855
TI  - John Hall Grundy--an appreciation.

PMID- 6389856
TI  - Prof Dr Med Jan Brod, Professor of medicine, Medizinische Hochschule, Hannover,
      Captain, Royal Army Medical Corps, 1942-45.

PMID- 6389857
TI  - A ledger stamped 'G.P'.
AB  - The practice statistics from a doctor's account ledger, initialled ;G. P.' are
      analysed to see if they fit the career of Dr George Pilkington, between 1879 and
      1884.

PMID- 6389858
TI  - Maternal mortality: an historical audit.

PMID- 6389859
TI  - Quantitative exfoliative cytology of normal and abnormal oral mucosal squames:
      preliminary communication.
AB  - Quantitative techniques have been applied to the exfoliative cytology of normal
      and abnormal human oral mucosal squames. This study is ongoing but early results
      indicate that a normal baseline for clinically normal oral squames, related to
      age and site, may be difficult to achieve. However, results obtained for the
      pathological smears suggest that these techniques may improve the diagnostic
      sensitivity of cytology in the management of oral cancer.

PMID- 6389861
TI  - Medical indications for taking the waters of Tunbridge Wells.

PMID- 6389860
TI  - Ocular manifestations of Graves' disease: a review.

PMID- 6389863
TI  - Assessment of sutures for use in colonic surgery.

PMID- 6389862
TI  - Prolonged ventilation in acute severe asthma caused by the Guillain-Barre-Strohl
      syndrome.

PMID- 6389864
TI  - Mesoionic pyridazine ribonucleosides. A novel biologically active nucleoside
      metabolite.
AB  - 4-Cyano-3-oxido-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylpyridazinium (10a) has been prepared from 4
      cyano-3(2H)-pyridazinone (4) by using a low-temperature, kinetically controlled,
      silyl Hilbert-Johnson reaction followed by deblocking of the resulting triacetate
      derivative, 8a, with NaHCO3 in methanol. 10a is apparently the first example of a
      mesoionic analogue of a pyrimidine nucleoside. It was discovered as a urine
      metabolite of 4-cyano-3(2H)-pyridazinone (4) in mice. 10a possesses Gram-negative
      antibacterial activity in vivo against a systemic Escherichia coli infection in
      mice with an ED50 of 25-50 mg/kg. A series of 4-substituted 3-oxidopyridazinium
      ribonucleosides, 11a-h, were synthesized as analogues of 10a. 4-Chloro-3-oxido-1
      beta-D-ribofuranosylpyridazinium (11a) was found to be several times more active
      than 10a against E. coli in vitro although it showed no in vivo activity.

PMID- 6389865
TI  - Synthesis and activity of novel nitropyrazines for use as hypoxic cell
      radiosensitizers.
AB  - A series of eight novel nitropyrazines has been prepared by oxidation of
      sulfoximine intermediates. The partition coefficient, one-electron reduction
      potential, sensitizer enhancement ratio, and chronic and acute aerobic
      cytotoxicity have been measured for each. Two representatives of this series were
      tested in the Ames test and were not found to be mutagenic.

PMID- 6389866
TI  - 3-Substituent effect and 3-methylene substituent effect on the structure
      reactivity relationship of 7 beta-(acylamino)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid
      derivatives studied by carbon-13 and IR spectroscopies.
AB  - Relationships between the chemical reactivity of 3-substituted cephalosporins or
      3-methylene-substituted cephalosporins and several parameters observed by 13C NMR
      and IR spectroscopies are described. Among 3-substituted cephalosporins, the
      values of delta (C-3) and delta (COO) of 13C NMR spectra are correlated with the
      logarithms of the rate constants for alkaline hydrolysis (log kobsd) when
      substituents at the 3-position are classified into two groups, i.e., OR
      substituents and others. Among the 3-methylene-substituted cephalosporins, the
      difference values of the 13C chemical shifts for C-3 and C-4, delta delta (4-3),
      are correlated with log kobsd. The beta-lactam vC = O value of the solution IR
      spectra is a good index for the prediction of a significant change of the beta
      lactam reactivity resulting from modification of a 3-substituent or a 3-methylene
      substituent. From analysis of these observed parameters, both resonance and
      inductive effects of the substituent at the 3-position were found to affect the
      chemical reactivity of the beta-lactam ring in cephalosporin, while only the
      inductive effect of the substituent at the 3'-position was found to affect the
      beta-lactam reactivity.

PMID- 6389867
TI  - Opioid agonists and antagonists. 6,6-Hydrazi and 6-oximino derivatives of 14
      hydroxydihydromorphinones.
AB  - Naloxone (1a), naltrexone (1b), and oxymorphone (1c) were converted to the
      corresponding 6,6-diaziridines (4a-c), oximes (5a-c), and oxime O-methyl ethers
      (6a-c). The antagonist derivatives (R = CH2CH = CH2 and R = CH2-c-C3H7) were less
      active than the parent ketones in the tail-flick assay vs. morphine, by 2-10
      fold, except for 6a, which was much less active. The agonist analogues (R = Me)
      were more active than morphine but less active than dihydromorphine in standard
      agonist assays. None were significantly longer in duration of action. Thus
      structural changes at the C-6 position to produce diaziridines, oximes, and oxime
      O-methyl ethers provide compounds retaining expected opioid activity.

PMID- 6389868
TI  - The biology and behavior of Triatoma barberi (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in Mexico.
      IV. Feeding and defecation patterns.

PMID- 6389869
TI  - Effects of nutrition of animals on their ectoparasites.

PMID- 6389870
TI  - Psammolestes arthuri (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) and its parasite Telenomus capito
      (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) in Colombia.

PMID- 6389871
TI  - Clinical applications of infusion systems.
AB  - Continuous delivery of drugs from portable and implantable pumps offers several
      advantages over intermittent therapy, including control and maintenance of blood
      levels of the drug within a narrow therapeutic range, and increased
      predictability of response. Clinical applications are discussed in the areas of
      diabetes mellitus, infertility and delayed puberty, iron overload,
      anticoagulation, analgesia, prevention of premature labour, cardiac arrhythmias,
      dissolution of gallstones and anticancer therapy.

PMID- 6389872
TI  - Sequential study of bacterial clearance in experimental cystitis.
AB  - Clearance of Escherichia coli in experimental cystitis was studied in the
      diuresing mouse model. Urine was collected daily; sediment was isolated by
      cytocentrifugation and either stained or treated with fluorescent antibodies
      directed against mouse immunoglobulins. During the initial phase of the infection
      the bacteria were either free and dispersed or adhering to epithelial cells but
      not generally to polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs). Subsequently, the bacteria
      adhered to each other, to epithelial cells and to PMNs, were phagocytosed by the
      latter and showed strong fluorescence. It is postulated that the appearance of
      opsonising and agglutinating antibodies in conjunction with activity of the PMNs
      is involved in bacterial clearance.

PMID- 6389873
TI  - Isolation of obligate anaerobic bacteria from bovine abscesses in sites other
      than the liver.
AB  - A survey in Japan showed that of 2036 slaughtered cattle 58(3%) had abscesses in
      sites other than the liver. In 21 of the affected animals the lesions were
      pulmonary and in 32 abdominal (excluding hepatic); in five animals the lesions
      were found elsewhere (muscle 2, skin 2, bone 1). Nineteen (33%) of the 58 cattle
      also had abscesses in the liver. Obligate anaerobes alone were isolated from
      17(29%) of the affected animals (Fusobacterium necrophorum 14, Bacteroides spp.
      2, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius 1). A mixture of obligate anaerobes and aerobes
      or facultative anaerobes was isolated from 31 affected cattle: of these animals
      21 yielded large and five small numbers of F. necrophorum; three yield
      fusobacteria other than F. necrophorum; and two yielded Propionibacterium acnes.
      The remaining 10 affected animals yielded only aerobes or facultative anaerobes.
      The numbers of viable obligate anaerobes in pus specimens were in the range 10(3)
      10(9)/ml.

PMID- 6389874
TI  - Growth of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in mouse spleen despite loss of a virulence
      plasmid of mol. wt 47 X 10(6).
AB  - A highly virulent strain of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (LD50 c. 10(2)
      bacteria/mouse) harboured two plasmids with mol. wt of 47 X 10(6) and 61 X 10(6).
      The role of these plasmids in virulence was studied in mice with derived strains
      cured of plasmids. It was confirmed that the plasmid of mol. wt 47 X 10(6) played
      a major function in virulence. This was shown both by the increase of the LD50
      and the lower rate of multiplication in the spleen obtained with strains cured of
      the plasmid of mol. wt 47 X 10(6). The plasmid of mol. wt 61 X 10(6) did not play
      any role in virulence. This work also demonstrates that the strain cured of the
      plasmid of mol. wt 47 X 10(6) and the plasmid-free strain were able to multiply
      in the spleens of infected mice during a 7-day period. This suggests that
      virulence factors not associated with plasmids are also responsible for the
      bacterial growth in tissues in vivo.

PMID- 6389875
TI  - Production and release of toxins A and B by Clostridium difficile.
AB  - The production and release of toxins A and B by Clostridium difficile during in
      vitro culture was investigated. Cell-associated toxin A was detected by
      immunoelectrophoresis of bacterial extracts released by ultrasonication and by
      fluorescent antibody labelling of whole cells. Extracellular toxin A was detected
      by immunoelectrophoresis and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; extracellular
      toxin B was detected by cytotoxin assay. Both toxins A and B were produced and
      released during the decline phase of the bacterial growth cycle. The possible
      significance of these results in relation to the pathogenesis of pseudomembranous
      colitis is discussed.

PMID- 6389876
TI  - Zinc and the heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is a major cause of diarrhoea in man. When zinc
      in concentrations of 10(-6) M or 10(-5) M was added to the growth medium, there
      was a significant increase in heat-labile enterotoxin production by each of six
      toxigenic strains. Zinc in these concentrations did not alter bacterial growth or
      the activity of preformed toxin. Other heavy metals did not enhance toxin
      production and o-phenanthroline, a relatively specific zinc-chelating compound,
      blocked the enhancing effect. The significance of these findings is discussed in
      relation to the use of supplemental dietary zinc.

PMID- 6389877
TI  - A simplified method for detecting the heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia
      coli.
AB  - A tissue-culture method is described that is suitable for screening large numbers
      of Escherichia coli isolates for heat-labile enterotoxin production. The method
      uses readily available laboratory media for culture of the E. coli and does not
      require cell-free extracts. Antibiotics are used to increase toxin production to
      levels that allow cultures from several different colonies to be pooled for
      testing, thus minimising the number of tissue-culture monolayers required. Y1
      mouse adrenal cells are used in microplate cultures. The method is simple,
      sensitive and economical and is suitable for use in a routine diagnostic
      microbiology laboratory.

PMID- 6389878
TI  - Vaccination against 77 capsular types of Klebsiella aerogenes with polyvalent
      Klebsiella vaccines.
AB  - A method is described for producing monovalent and polyvalent vaccines from
      culture filtrates of Klebsiella aerogenes. With a single injection, each
      monovalent vaccine protected mice against lethal intraperitoneal challenge by
      more than 30 capsular types; and polyvalent vaccines containing 2-12 monovalent
      components protected against 46-61 of the 77 capsular types of K. aerogenes. One
      vaccine with 12 components, administered in two doses, induced full protection
      against 71 types and protected half of the mice challenged with the other six
      types.

PMID- 6389879
TI  - Standardization of radiorenography in dehydrated and rehydrated primates under
      laboratory conditions.
AB  - Radiorenography with 99mTc-labelled diethylenetriaminepentacetic acid ( [99mTc]
      DTPA) was performed on chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) and vervet monkeys
      (Cercopithecus pygerythus) to establish the effects of various states of
      hydration on the data obtained from the DTPA-renogram. The renogram parameters,
      which can be related to certain aspects of kidney function, varied significantly
      with the degree of hydration. It is therefore imperative for clinically directed
      animal research projects on the urinary system to standardise the experimental
      procedure for radiorenography. A dehydration of 6 h followed by an hour IU
      rehydration period using 200 ml of a 0.9% NaCl solution on baboons under
      thiopentone sodium anaesthetic, was found to be the most suitable procedure for
      radiorenographic investigations in this primate model.

PMID- 6389880
TI  - Advances in fetal medicine.

PMID- 6389881
TI  - Response of monkeys to porcine zona pellucida as detected by a solid-phase
      radioimmunoassay.
AB  - The immunological response of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) to
      immunization was evaluated utilizing collagenase-isolated pig zona pellucida. Six
      weeks after initial immunization a high serum titer of antibody was exhibited.
      Serum antibody titers demonstrated a noticeable decline 5 months after booster
      injections were discontinued. The assay method used is rapid and is capable of
      detecting antibody in serum dilutions of 1:78,000, as compared to 1:125,000 with
      the indirect fluorescence assay.

PMID- 6389882
TI  - Blood groups of primates: present status, theoretical implications and practical
      applications: a review.

PMID- 6389884
TI  - Spontaneous nocardiosis with brain abscess caused by Nocardia asteroides in a
      cynomolgus monkey.
AB  - This paper deals with nocardiosis with brain abscess in a cynomolgus monkey
      imported from Indonesia. At necropsy, typical abscesses were found in the
      mandible, lung, kidney, heart, liver, and brain. Nocardia asteroides was isolated
      as the causative agent. The lesions in the kidney, heart, and brain were
      considered to be secondary metastases.

PMID- 6389883
TI  - Standardization of anaesthesia for radiorenography with primates under laboratory
      conditions.
AB  - The influence of thiopentone intravenous infusion or halothane inhalation on the
      results of radiorenography was evaluated using, in six chacma baboons (Papio
      ursinus), 99mTc-diethyltriamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA) as scanning agent. The
      renogram parameters, which depend on the condition of the cardiovascular system,
      differed significantly for the two anaesthetic agents. Since anaesthesia is
      necessary in baboon studies for the duration of renogram acquisition, it is
      imperative to standardize an experimental procedure which will leave the
      cardiovascular system relatively stable. From this investigation it seemed most
      appropriate to use as an anaesthetic a constant intravenous infusion of
      thiopentone.

PMID- 6389885
TI  - Overinitiation of chromosome and plasmid replication in a dna Acos mutant of
      Escherichia coli K12. Evidence for dnaA-dnaB interactions.
AB  - The dnaAcos mutations are phenotypic suppressors of dnaAts46 that are co
      transduced with dnaA, render the cell cold sensitive, and cause an excess of
      chromosome replication relative to cell mass when the cells are shifted from 42
      degrees C to 32 degrees C. We have used pulse labelling and DNA-DNA hybridization
      to follow the effect of a temperature shift on the replication of the chromosome
      and of the plasmids pSC101, RTF-Tc, and lambda dv in such strains. After a shift
      of a dnaAcos strain from 42 degrees C to 32 degrees C (non-permissive
      temperature), initiation of the chromosome and replication of the plasmid pSC101
      are stimulated, while the dnaA-independent plasmid RTF-Tc is not affected. The
      presence of pSC101 does not affect the level of overinitiation of the chromosome.
      The presence of lambda dv suppresses the cold sensitivity of dnaAcos mutants and
      allows the cells to grow at both 32 degrees C and 42 degrees C. The presence of
      lambda dv suppresses the overinitiation of chromosome and of pSC101 replication
      at 32 degrees C. Previous reports had shown that these suppressions involve an
      interaction between the dnaA product and the lambda P protein, which is also
      known to interact with dnaB. We show here that the mutant prophage P1 bac-crr,
      which produces high levels of a dnaB analogue, suppresses the dnaAcos phenotype,
      while wild type P1 does not. These results suggest that initiation involves
      interactions between the dnaA and dnaB products.

PMID- 6389886
TI  - Fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance study of 5-fluorotryptophan-labeled
      histidine-binding protein J of Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - Fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance has been used to investigate the histidine
      binding protein J from Salmonella typhimurium. The protein has been labeled with
      fluorine-19 by growing the bacterial cells of a tryptophan auxotroph in the
      presence of 5-fluorotryptophan. Incorporation of up to 70% was achieved. The
      binding of L-histidine to the 19F-labeled protein is not affected by the isotopic
      labeling. The protein contains one tryptophan residue, giving rise to a single
      19F resonance. Upon binding L-histidine to 19F-labeled histidine-binding protein
      J, the observed 19F resonance is shifted downfield by about 0.6 parts per
      million, indicating a conformational change of the protein molecule and a more
      hydrophobic environment for the 19F nucleus. Additional fluorescence experiments
      confirm that the tryptophan residue is located inside the hydrophobic core of the
      protein. 19F spin-lattice relaxation times of the 19F-labeled protein as a
      function of temperature show no difference between the free protein and the
      protein-histidine complex. However, the linewidth for the free protein is much
      larger than that of the protein-substrate complex. This can be explained by slow
      fluctuations between different conformations of the free protein molecule having
      slightly different 19F chemical shifts. Both with and without the substrate, the
      tryptophan residue is immobile inside the protein molecule as shown by the total
      disappearance of the 19F signal upon broadband irradiation at the 1H frequency.
      Also, the 19F spin-lattice relaxation times indicate that the protein is a rather
      rigid structure, in which rapid motions of the tryptophan residue on the time
      scale of 10(-8) second are not prominent.

PMID- 6389887
TI  - Health care problems in the 1980s: Part III. A new research agenda: incentive
      payments for urban physicians.

PMID- 6389888
TI  - Pituitary microadenomas: diagnostic and therapeutic trends.
AB  - It can be categorically stated that any clinician who treats medical problems in
      women during the reproductive or the peripubertal years must be aware of risks of
      pituitary adenomas and available diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Pituitary
      adenomas may present during the pubertal period in association with delayed or
      incomplete development of secondary sexual characteristics. Primary or secondary
      amenorrhea may be the most obvious clinical abnormality. Patients with menstrual
      irregularity or secondary amenorrhea are at risk of hyperprolactinemia and
      pituitary adenomas. At present, the exact risk is unknown. Patients who are at
      greatest risk appear to be those with hyperprolactinemia, galactorrhea, and
      amenorrhea. Patients with apparent functional hyperprolactinemia may be harboring
      small pituitary adenomas. This possibility should be considered when using
      bromocriptine therapy. Pregnancy in patients with pituitary adenomas may be
      either normal or complicated by pituitary tumor enlargement, hemorrhage, or
      visual disturbances. There is no known accurate predictor of individual risk.
      Patients conceiving spontaneously or after induced ovulation should be followed
      closely to detect and treat possible pituitary or visual complications, or both,
      as rapidly as possible, thereby avoiding serious permanent sequelae.

PMID- 6389889
TI  - Collective bargaining and strikes among physicians.
AB  - UNLIKE EMPLOYEES IN OTHER SECTORS OF THE ECONOMY, HEALTH CARE WORKERS ARE
      DIRECTED TOWARD ONE ULTIMATE GOAL: making people well and keeping them healthy.
      The development of collective bargaining and union activities during this century
      has had a great impact on all industries in the United States and the western
      world. However, only in recent years have workers in the health care sector been
      affected by the organized labor movement. The history of collective bargaining
      and strikes among physicians, the key decision-makers in the health care sector,
      is even more recent. Because of their central position, physicians' collective
      activity has had and will continue to have tremendous implications for the
      viability of the present health care system and the quality of patient care. Even
      though most physicians continue to function as individual, entrepreneurial
      service providers and "professionals," physicians as a group are more frequently
      being seen as members of a utility like industry. Their importance to individuals
      and society as a whole, it can be argued, is second to none; if physicians refuse
      to work there can be no worse set of outcomes. To estimate the potential future
      impact of growing collective action on the part of physicians, this article
      explores the general historical developments.

PMID- 6389890
TI  - Bilateral renal papillary adenocarcinoma in a young man on long-term captopril
      therapy.
AB  - A 31-year-old black man presented with bilateral multiple renal papillary
      adenocarcinomas. The patient had been maintained on captopril therapy for severe
      hypertension for three years. The possibility of drug-induced malignancy is
      discussed.

PMID- 6389891
TI  - Stress and surgery.
AB  - Stress is an important element in the etiology and clinical course of surgical
      diseases. Its role in specific diseases and the role of the surgeon are
      discussed.

PMID- 6389892
TI  - Formaldehyde and hepatotoxicity: a review.
AB  - Exposure to formaldehyde appears to be associated with hepatoxicity in many
      species, including humans, following injection, ingestion, or inhalation.
      Macroscopic, microscopic, and biochemical manifestations in the liver include
      alterations in weight, centrilobular vacuolization, focal cellular necrosis, and
      increased alkaline phosphatase concentrations. Time-related changes in the
      pattern of the effects are suggested as one goes from acute exposure by
      inhalation at greater concentrations to repeated exposure at lesser
      concentrations. Although the hepatic changes are generally not extensive and can
      be reversible following acute exposure, the potential exists for them to
      progressively become more serious with repeated exposures. There are several
      possible mechanisms for the toxicity. Depending on the route of exposure could
      include direct effects on hepatocytes and/or indirect effects through the
      circulatory and immune systems. The catabolism of formaldehyde includes
      conversion to CO2 by reactions involving glutathione. Many hepatotoxic chemicals
      require glutathione for detoxification. Formaldehyde may then have the potential
      to cause additive toxicity with such chemicals in some circumstances.

PMID- 6389893
TI  - The health implications of increased manganese in the environment resulting from
      the combustion of fuel additives: a review of the literature.
AB  - Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) is effective in raising the
      octane level of gasoline and is currently used in Canada for that purpose in a
      maximal concentration of 18 mg Mn/l (slightly less than 0.07 g Mn/U.S. gal). It
      has been estimated that if MMT were used in all U.S. gasoline in these amounts,
      the median increase of Mn in ambient air would be not more than 0.05 microgram
      Mn/m3, with increments generally less than 0.5 microgram Mn/m3 along urban
      corridors. The scientific literature was reviewed to determine how the increases
      in environmental manganese predicted from MMT use would relate to the amounts in
      the natural environment and necessary to life and to the concentrations
      associated with toxic effects. Even with additional manganese from the use of
      fuel additives, total Mn intakes would remain within the range of average amounts
      absorbed from food and water. Respirable manganese in ambient air due to MMT
      combustion would be many order of magnitude below the concentrations associated
      with occupational manganism and respiratory problems and also below those
      reported in isolated episodes of respiratory symptoms in communities near
      ferromanganese plants. Evidence was reviewed on the possibilities of: (1)
      increased absorption of inhaled manganese compared with ingested manganese; (2)
      hypersusceptibility of infants and persons of advanced age; and (3) increased
      absorption associated with iron deficiency. While relevant to high levels of
      exposure, these factors would not be expected to lead to toxic effects from the
      very low concentrations of Mn resulting from MMT use. Experimental animals that
      inhaled the combustion products of MMT in concentrations of approximately 10,
      100, and 1000 micrograms Mn/m3 for 9 mo did not show toxic effects, although
      there was temporary elevation of tissue levels of Mn. Rhesus monkeys, susceptible
      to the neurologic effects of Mn, showed no symptoms after inhaling the combustion
      products of MMT in concentrations of 100 micrograms Mn/m3 for up to 66 wk.
      Monkeys exposed to 5000 microgram Mn/m3 also showed no symptoms. There is thus a
      wide margin of safety between the intakes of Mn essential to health and the high
      concentrations that have been associated with toxic effects. The small amounts of
      manganese added to the environment by the combustion of MMT used as a fuel
      additive would be comparable to the normal background and should not create
      health problems.

PMID- 6389894
TI  - Health implications of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) contamination of
      residential soil.
AB  - Extrapolations from animal toxicity experiments (including carcinogenicity and
      reproductive effects) to possible human heath effects can be used to estimate a
      reasonable level of risk for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD).
      Extrapolations are derived from: (1) review of published studies, (2) a complex
      set of assumptions related to human exposure to contaminated soil, and (3)
      estimates of (a) a dose response curve, (b) appropriate margins of safety, and/or
      (c) applicable mechanisms of action. One ppb of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in soil is a
      reasonable level at which to begin consideration of action to limit human
      exposure for contaminated soil.

PMID- 6389895
TI  - Biology of gangliosides: neuritogenic and neuronotrophic properties.
AB  - Research on the biologic function of gangliosides has accelerated in recent years
      following discovery of their pronounced effects when administered exogenously to
      neurons in culture and in vivo. These effects are of two principal types: 1)
      neuronotrophic, concerned primarily with survival and maintenance of the neuron,
      and 2) neuritogenic, involving significant increase in the number, length, and/or
      branching of neuronal processes. Such neurite-promoting activity has been
      observed in primary cultures of neurons from brain and ganglia as well as
      transformed lines of neuronal origin. These phenomena may be related to the
      remarkable growth of aberrant secondary neurites, often accompanied by
      synaptogenesis, observed in the gangliosidoses. Several in vivo studies have
      shown exogenously administered gangliosides to aid nervous system repair in both
      the CNS and PNS, although it is not clear in some cases whether the observed
      effects should be attributed to neuronotrophic or neuritogenic effects (or both).
      This article attempts to briefly review the principal developments that have
      occurred in this area of ganglioside research over the past several years. It
      also presents for consideration some of the tentative hypotheses put forward
      concerning mechanism of action.

PMID- 6389896
TI  - Double-blind evaluation of monosialoganglioside (GM1) therapy in stroke.

PMID- 6389897
TI  - Plasma palmitate turnover in subjects with thermal injury.
AB  - Using a continuous infusion of [1-13C] palmitic acid tracer, plasma palmitate
      turnover was measured 14 times in nine bandaged, thermally injured adults. Plasma
      glucose (102 +/- 4 mg/dl), insulin (21 +/- 4 microU/ml), and glucagon (296 +/- 34
      pg/ml) levels were significantly elevated compared with values in uninjured
      controls. Circulating plasma epinephrine (67 +/- 11 pg/ml) and norepinephrine
      (219 +/- 57 pg/ml) levels were more than twofold their respective control values
      of 261 +/- 4 pg/ml and 211 +/- 7 pg/ml but less than the previously defined
      plasma threshold levels for lipolytic effects of these catecholamines as
      circulating hormones. Plasma palmitate and free fatty acid concentrations, 113 +/
      8 and 452 +/- 38 microM, respectively, were not different from control values
      but palmitate flux (2.66 +/- 0.28 mumol kg-1 min-1) and free fatty acid turnover
      calculated therefrom (10.53 +/- 1.13 mumol kg-1 min-1) were significantly
      elevated compared to the control rates. While palmitate turnover significantly
      correlated with plasma palmitate concentration and with per cent body surface
      area burned, there was no relationship between palmitate flux and circulating
      epinephrine or norepinephrine levels. These data raise new questions about the
      relative catabolic roles of catecholamines in bandaged, thermally-injured
      patients.

PMID- 6389898
TI  - Photosynthetic reaction centers in artificial membranes: estimating protein
      dimensions by freeze-fracture and freeze-etching.
AB  - Because estimates of size and shape for membrane proteins are difficult to obtain
      directly, many workers have incorporated purified proteins into artificial lipid
      bilayers. Freeze-fracturing has then been used to provide a measure of the
      approximate size and shape of the membrane protein. We have formed reconstituted
      membranes containing the photosynthetic reaction center of Rhodopseudomonas
      viridis, a photosynthetic bacterium. The size and shape of this reaction center
      is accurately known from studies of negatively stained crystals of the protein to
      be approximately 4.5 X 6.0 nm. Freeze-fracture images of the reaction center in
      phosphatidyl choline liposomes show particles formed after reconstitution with an
      average diameter of 12.3 nm, much larger than the actual size of the protein.
      Deep-etched images of the surfaces of the liposomes, in which each individual
      reaction center complex can be seen clearly, show why the diameter of the protein
      is exaggerated in freeze-fracture. The individual reaction centers tend to
      cluster into large groups, allowing several individual reaction centers to be
      visualized as a single (much larger) particle in freeze-fracture. Freeze
      fracturing, although a valuable tool in the analysis of membrane structure in
      natural and artificial membranes, must be used with caution in the estimation of
      molecular sizes and shapes.

PMID- 6389899
TI  - Electron microscope observations on the substructure of T-even (T2, T4) head.
AB  - New preparative methods have been devised which allow electron microscope
      observation of T-even head substructure, under conditions of negative staining.
      Capsomeric constitution of the head shell could so be confirmed and demonstrated
      for T2 and T4. In addition capsomere size and shell thickness of the head of both
      phages have been determined and the structural organization of the DNA inside T4
      head revealed.

PMID- 6389900
TI  - The application of epidemiology to the prevention of occupational cancer.
AB  - Epidemiology attempts to establish a quantitative causality which is essential in
      preventive medicine strategies for occupational cancer. By studying carefully
      exposure effect relationships and populations at risk, subtle causes of
      occupational cancer can be identified. The nature of epidemiological reasoning
      and the criticism of this methodology are outlined. Using combined
      epidemiological and industrial hygiene data, a quantitative risk assessment of a
      lifetime exposure of workers to benzene and its association with leukemia is
      presented. In a population of 1,000 workers exposed for a working lifetime to 100
      ppm benzene vapor, 140 excess deaths from leukemia would occur. At a lifetime
      exposure of 10 ppm, it is calculated that 14 excess leukemia deaths would occur.
      Because the current legal standard is 10 ppms for occupational exposure, this
      epidemiological risk assessment indicates that an unexpectedly large number of
      excess leukemia deaths will result in a population of workers exposed to 10 ppm.

PMID- 6389901
TI  - Endourology.

PMID- 6389902
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography in staging renal cell carcinoma: comparison with
      computerized tomography and histopathology.
AB  - Digital subtraction angiography was compared to computerized tomography and
      histopathological findings for staging renal cell carcinoma in 24 patients.
      Injection of contrast material through a 16 gauge angiocatheter into the femoral
      vein provided digital subtraction cavography, digital subtraction arteriography
      and excretory urography during 1 investigation. Computerized tomography
      established the diagnosis in all patients, while digital subtraction angiography
      showed all angiographic signs of renal cell carcinoma in 14 (58 per cent). T
      staging was correct on computerized tomography in 18 patients and on digital
      subtraction angiography in 16. Absence or presence of venous involvement was
      indicated correctly by computerized tomography in 20 patients and by digital
      subtraction angiography in 21. In small tumors the combination of
      ultrasonography, digital subtraction angiography and excretory urography is
      sufficient for an operation. In all other tumors digital subtraction angiography
      cannot replace computerized tomography but adds useful information about arterial
      distribution, possible venous tumor thrombus and the anatomical relationship of
      vessels.

PMID- 6389903
TI  - Crossed fused ectopia with a blind left ureter in a young woman with Turner's
      syndrome: sonographic and radiological demonstration of a previously undescribed
      variant.
AB  - A previously undocumented variant of crossed fused ectopia in a young woman with
      Turner's syndrome is reported, with emphasis on sonographic and radiological
      techniques for diagnosis and subsequent evaluation.

PMID- 6389904
TI  - Prolapsed single system ureterocele in a girl.
AB  - Ureteroceles in childhood usually are associated with ureteral duplication. A 7
      year-old girl with a single system ureterocele is described. The patient
      presented clinically with urinary infection and prolapse of the ureterocele,
      causing urinary retention.

PMID- 6389905
TI  - Uterus didelphys and vaginal duplication with unilateral obstruction presenting
      as a newborn abdominal mass.
AB  - Vaginal duplication with uterus didelphys is a rare anomaly in which unilateral
      obstruction of either vaginal orifice may result in hydrocolpos but with normal
      appearing external genitalia in the female newborn. We recently treated 2 female
      infants with this anomaly who presented with a lower abdominal mass that
      persisted after bladder drainage. Both infants had evidence of urological
      abnormalities on the side ipsilateral to the obstructed vagina. One infant had
      renal agenesis and 1 had severe renal dysplasia. Owing to the high incidence of
      associated renal abnormalities excretory urography, voiding cystourethrography
      and abdominal ultrasound are essential to the evaluation. Precise diagnosis and
      careful evaluation are mandatory to avoid unnecessary loss of essential normal
      mullerian structures.

PMID- 6389906
TI  - The life and death of Captain Charles Martell and kidney stone disease.
AB  - Hyperparathyroidism was unknown in this country until the diagnosis was first
      made by Eugene F. DuBois in 1926. The patient was Captain Charles Martell, a
      mariner who had become disabled by demineralization of the skeleton during many
      years. Finally, a parathyroid adenoma was removed at the seventh operation in
      1932. Urinary calculi were a major part of the long illness and their
      complications caused death. Charles Martell contributed significantly to our
      knowledge of calcium metabolism in general and kidney stone disease in
      particular.

PMID- 6389907
TI  - A newly designed model for infection-induced bladder stone formation in the rat.
AB  - A newly designed urolithiasis model for rats, inducing a mild urinary tract
      infection, exhibiting reduced renal damage without pyelonephritis and causing
      reliable stone formation, was established. This was accomplished by implanting a
      zinc disc in the bladder and then performing transvesical inoculation of Proteus
      mirabilis into the bladder. Five days after challenge with 10(7) colony forming
      units (CFU) of P. mirabilis in each rat, the number of organisms in the bladder
      urine reached a level of over 10(5) colony forming units per ml. The infection
      was mostly restricted to the urinary tract organs. Infectious bladder stones were
      formed 5 days after infection and developed day by day, weighing 88.3 +/- 18.8
      mg. on the 21st day. Blood urea nitrogen values stayed in the normal range in all
      test animals during this experiment. The main composition of the stones formed
      was shown to be struvite (MgNH4PO4 X 6H2O).

PMID- 6389908
TI  - Cultures of normal human urothelial cells from ureters of perfused cadaver
      transplant kidneys.
AB  - In this comparative study, we report that urothelial cultures initiated from
      ureters of mechanically perfused cadaver-obtained transplant kidneys display
      characteristics of explant attachment, explant viability, cellular morphology and
      area of outgrowth essentially indistinguishable from cultures established from
      ureters of living donor kidneys. We conclude that ureter specimens from cadaver
      kidneys are a suitable, routinely available source of tissue from which cultures
      of normal human urothelial cells can be propagated.

PMID- 6389909
TI  - Prophylactic efficacy of low-dose dihydroergotamine and heparin in postoperative
      deep venous thrombosis following intra-abdominal operations.
AB  - Postoperative pulmonary embolism continues to be a problem in patient care,
      especially in high-risk patients. This study was designed to evaluate a combined
      pharmacologic approach to the prophylaxis of postoperative deep venous thrombosis
      (DVT) by mediating at least two and probably three of Virchow's predisposing
      factors. Patients 40 years of age and older undergoing operations greater than 45
      minutes under general anesthesia were placed in one of five treatment groups and
      studied by a prospective randomized, double-blind protocol. Study drugs were the
      following: (1) 0.5 mg of dihydroergotamine plus 5000 IU of sodium heparin (DHE
      5000), (2) 0.5 mg DHE plus 2500 IU heparin (DHE 2500), (3) 5000 IU of HEP (HEP
      5000), (4) 0.5 mg of DHE (DHE 0.5), and (5) a placebo. Study medications were
      administered 2 hours preoperatively and continuously thereafter every 12 hours
      postoperatively subcutaneously in the anterior abdominal wall for 5 to 7 days or
      until a positive radiofibrinogen uptake test (RFUT). The RFUT was performed
      according to standardized technique and was used to establish the presence or
      absence of DVT. This report is an analysis of the major subgroup of patients
      undergoing intra-abdominal operations. Results showed a highly statistically
      significant prophylactic benefit from DHE 5000 compared with the placebo (p less
      than 0.003) and all other treatment groups (p less than 0.05). There was no
      significant benefit from DHE 2500, HEP 5000 (p greater than 0.13), and DHE 0.5 (p
      greater than 0.3). All patients who entered the study had two or more risk
      factors for postoperative DVT, and high-risk patients were distributed equally
      throughout all treatment groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6389910
TI  - Hypertension following carotid endarterectomy: the role of cerebral renin
      production.
AB  - The cause of hypertension in the immediate postoperative period after carotid
      endarterectomy is unknown. In order to elucidate the etiology of hypertension
      following carotid endarterectomy, blood samples were drawn intraoperatively from
      internal jugular vein and external carotid artery prior to and subsequent to
      carotid endarterectomy in 20 patients. Renin measurement in these samples
      produced a ratio of internal jugular vein (cerebral) to external carotid artery
      (systemic). In pre-endarterectomy samples, this cerebral-to-systemic ratio was
      1.0 +/- 0.17. However, in the six patients hypertensive postoperatively, this
      ratio was significantly (p less than 0.02) higher at 1.39 +/- 0.4 than in 14
      patients not hypertensive, 0.99 +/- 0.28. Although this ratio in hypertensive
      patients reverted to 1.12 +/- 0.24 in the postoperative period, the present study
      suggests a relation between hypertension after carotid endarterectomy and renin
      production by the brain.

PMID- 6389911
TI  - Improved myocardial protection with blood and crystalloid cardioplegia.
AB  - Although the results of coronary artery bypass surgery have been excellent,
      recent studies have demonstrated transient alterations in myocardial function and
      metabolism in spite of apparently adequate cardioplegic protection. Blood
      cardioplegia may provide better protection than crystalloid cardioplegia, but
      clinical studies remain inconclusive. Critical coronary stenoses limit
      cardioplegic delivery, and myocardial protection would be improved with either
      blood or crystalloid cardioplegia if the solution could be delivered beyond the
      coronary stenosis. The construction of proximal as well as distal anastomoses
      during a prolonged cross-clamp period permits more uniform cardioplegic delivery
      and immediate reperfusion when the cross clamp is released. This technique was
      used in a prospective randomized trial comparing blood and crystalloid
      cardioplegia. The long cross-clamp technique eliminated temperature gradients
      induced when cardioplegia was delivered into the aortic root. The technique of
      cardioplegic delivery may be as important as the solution used for cardioplegic
      protection.

PMID- 6389912
TI  - Carotid involvement in aortic dissection diagnosed by duplex scanning.
AB  - Symptomatic carotid dissection following repair of a proximal aortic arch
      dissection has been successfully diagnosed by noninvasive ultrasonic duplex
      scanning. Angiographic confirmation, follow-up examinations by duplex scanner,
      and conservative management with heparin anticoagulation and tight blood pressure
      control are discussed. The differing etiologies and potential neurologic
      complications following aortic root dissection vs. spontaneous cervical carotid
      dissection are considered with a review of the current literature. Although
      diagnosis can be achieved through arteriography, the combined modalities of
      duplex scanning allow evaluation of both anatomic and hemodynamic factors.
      Conservative therapy may prove the most appropriate mode of management in these
      neurologically unstable patients.

PMID- 6389913
TI  - Directory lists service opportunities abroad.

PMID- 6389914
TI  - Rhazes. The original portrayer of smallpox.

PMID- 6389916
TI  - A brief history of the internship.
AB  - The internship is the focal point of the transition of medical student to
      physician. From its origins in hospital apprenticeships, this experience of
      professionalization and initiation into direct patient responsibility has
      followed an erratic path. Modern US internships began in the late 19th century,
      and evolution of many of their characteristics has been determined more by
      socioeconomic-political issues than by consideration of educational objectives.
      The recent move to incorporate internships into residency programs is currently
      being reconsidered because there is a new appreciation of the role that the
      internship experience can play in the professional maturation of the physician.

PMID- 6389915
TI  - Treatment of insulin reactions in diabetics.
AB  - Using a modification of the glucose clamp technique, we have studied the efficacy
      of commonly used foods to correct hypoglycemia in insulin-dependent diabetics.
      After lowering the plasma glucose level to 55 mg/dL at a steady-state plasma free
      insulin concentration of about 50 microU/mL, patients were fed 20 g of
      carbohydrate as milk, orange juice, or D-glucose or 40 g of carbohydrate as
      orange juice. The data indicate that 20 g of carbohydrate as D-glucose corrects
      hypoglycemia without rebound hyperglycemia. In an outpatient setting, this
      treatment also proved effective in spontaneous episodes of hypoglycemia. We
      conclude that (1) the D-glucose content of the ingested carbohydrate is an
      important determinant of the glycemic response, and (2) at times of moderately
      severe hypoglycemia, ingestion of 20 g of D-glucose provides an effective
      glycemic response for periods of at least 40 minutes. In view of these data, a
      table is provided listing some common sources of 20 g of D-glucose.

PMID- 6389917
TI  - Corticosteroid therapy for patients with toxic shock syndrome.
AB  - A comparative retrospective analysis of 45 patients with toxic shock syndrome
      (TSS) was designed to evaluate the effect of corticosteroid therapy on outcome.
      All patients satisfied the collaborative strict case definition for TSS, were
      hospitalized, had shock or postural hypotension, had a potential focus of
      Staphylococcus aureus infection, and received appropriate antistaphylococcal
      antimicrobial therapy. Twenty-five patients received corticosteroid therapy
      during the acute phase of illness and 20 did not. The groups were comparable for
      age, sex, weight, year of admission, day of illness hospitalized, minimum
      systolic and diastolic blood pressure, severity of illness, co-intervention with
      antimicrobials and antipyretics, and amount of intravenous fluid received.
      Corticosteroid-treated patients had a significantly reduced severity of illness
      and duration of fever if treated within two to three days of onset of TSS.

PMID- 6389918
TI  - Maurice Ravel and Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 6389920
TI  - A very sensitive direct radioimmunoassay system for plasma angiotensin II and its
      clinical application in various hypertensive diseases.
AB  - A very sensitive and simplified direct radioimmunoassay system for plasma
      angiotensin II was developed using the antiserum against synthetic angiotensin II
      (final dilution = 1: 1,500,000) in combination with 125I-labeled angiotensin II
      (specific activity = 1,600 microCi/micrograms). In this assay system, it was
      possible to carry out a direct assay using 100 microliter of plasma without any
      extraction procedure. This conclusion was supported by 100% recovery, parallelism
      of plasma samples against the standard curve, and no difference in hormone
      levels, there was also a high positive correlation between the plasma angiotensin
      II levels measured by this direct assay and the dowex column extraction method.
      The sensitivity of this assay system was 0.1 pg/tube, which is the highest
      sensitivity in studies reported to date. The cross-reactivities of angiotensin
      III and I against this antiserum were 100% and less than 0.1%, respectively,
      suggesting that the antiserum was very specific for the C-terminal of angiotensin
      II. Plasma angiotensin II levels in normal subjects after overnight fasting
      ranged from 3.0 to 21.3 pg/ml (12.0 +/- 2.1 pg/ml, mean +/- SE). By comparison,
      plasma angiotensin II levels of patients with essential hypertension were similar
      to those in the normal renin group, lower than those in low renin group and
      higher than those in high renin group. In patients with secondary hypertension,
      levels were lower in those with primary aldosteronism and higher in those with
      renovascular hypertension when compared to normal subjects.

PMID- 6389919
TI  - Renin in cultured cells of neural crest origin (abstract).

PMID- 6389921
TI  - Direct radioimmunoassay for human renin substrate and its measurement in plasma
      from essential hypertensive patients, diabetic patients and pregnant women.
AB  - We homogeneously purified human renin substrate from outdated bank plasma and
      raised antibody against it. The antibody did not cross-react with angiotensin I,
      angiotensin II or synthetic tetradecapeptide at concentrations of up to 160 nmol,
      nor did it cross-react with up to 0.2 ml of plasma from rat, rabbit or sheep. It
      did, however, completely cross-react with human des-angiotensin I renin
      substrate. A direct radioimmunoassay for human renin substrate was developed
      using the antibody, and the minimum detectable value of renin substrate found to
      be 70 pg of protein. Plasma renin substrate concentrations of normal subjects,
      essential hypertensive patients, diabetic patients and pregnant women were
      measured by direct and indirect assays. Hypertensive patients had similar
      concentrations of plasma renin substrate to normal subjects, whereas diabetic
      patients had significantly lower plasma renin substrate concentrations (p less
      than 0.01). The direct assay always gave a higher value than the indirect assay,
      and the ratios of the two assays (direct assay/indirect assay) were similar in
      normal subjects, hypertensive patients, diabetic patients and pregnant women.

PMID- 6389923
TI  - Pressor responses to norepinephrine in rabbits with 3-day renal artery stenosis-
      the role of prostaglandins.

PMID- 6389922
TI  - Renin-angiotensin system in genetically hypertensive mice.
AB  - We investigated the renin-angiotensin system in the genetically hypertensive
      (HBP), normotensive (NBP) and low blood pressure (LBP) mice developed by G.
      Schlager, one of the authors. Renin in the plasma, kidney and submaxillary gland
      was determined by enzymatic assay and by direct radioimmunoassay (DRIA).
      Trypsinization of mouse plasma was also investigated. PRA and plasma renin
      content were not significantly different in the different lines, sexes and
      generations. Trypsinization of the plasma revealed the presence of inactive
      renin, as has also been found in humans, hogs, dogs and rats. The proportion of
      active renin against trypsinized total renin was about 54-77% and was not
      significant in the different lines, sexes and generations. There was also no
      significant difference in renal renin content in the various lines, sexes and
      generations. However, in the submaxillary gland, renin content and activity were
      high in male mice, in every line. These data suggest that the renin-angiotensin
      system may not contribute to the established phase of blood pressure.

PMID- 6389924
TI  - Salt-sensitivity in borderline hypertension.

PMID- 6389925
TI  - [Centenary of the discovery of Vibrio cholerae by Robert Koch].

PMID- 6389926
TI  - [Recollection of my research activities in microbiology].

PMID- 6389927
TI  - [30 years of research using experimental animals--transition from bacteriology to
      the study of experimental animals].

PMID- 6389929
TI  - [Experimental and clinical studies on oral urokinase and lysyl-plasminogen.
      Thrombolytic therapy for cerebral thrombosis].

PMID- 6389928
TI  - Responses of active and inactive plasma renin to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in
      normal subjects.
AB  - To examine the in vivo activation mechanism for the conversion of inactive to
      active renin in human plasma, we measured active, inactive and total plasma renin
      activity during an insulin tolerance test in normal subjects. Total renin was
      measured after trypsin activation of inactive renin. Inactive renin was
      calculated as the difference between total and active renin. With a decrease in
      the blood glucose level from 92 +/- 8 to 22 +/- 6 mg/dl (p less than 0.01),
      active renin increased significantly (p less than 0.01) from the basal level of
      1.9 +/- 0.6 to 6.0 +/- 1.9 ng/ml.hr at 60 min after insulin injection. Total
      renin increased and inactive renin decreased slightly, but the changes were not
      statistically significant. The ratio of active to total renin showed a
      significant increase (p less than 0.01) at 60 min. These results suggest that
      stimulation of the endogenous sympathetic nervous system is involved in the in
      vivo activation of inactive renin.

PMID- 6389930
TI  - [Acute graft-versus-host disease in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation].

PMID- 6389932
TI  - [Urinary polyamine analysis and its clinical significance. II. Analysis by the
      enzymatic assay method and its clinical application. H. Enzymatic assay methods
      and their clinical application].

PMID- 6389931
TI  - [Combined effects of PGI2 and thrombin inhibitors or fibrinolytic agent on
      platelet aggregation and disaggregation].

PMID- 6389933
TI  - [Polyamines and cancer--their role as cell growth factors].

PMID- 6389934
TI  - [Polyamine analysis of blood, tissue and gastric juice and its clinical
      significance. II. Analysis of tissue polyamines and their derivatives and their
      significance].

PMID- 6389935
TI  - [Biological dynamics and metabolism of polyamines].

PMID- 6389936
TI  - [Bacterial diarrhea: diarrhea caused by entero-invasive bacteria].

PMID- 6389937
TI  - [Laboratory tests in cardiac diseases--creatine kinase in myocardial infarction
      and ECG changes induced by hypopotassemia].

PMID- 6389938
TI  - [Use of B-mode ultrasonography in the diagnosis of extracranial carotid disease-
      comparison with arteriography].

PMID- 6389939
TI  - [Apolipoproteins and atherosclerosis--study of apolipoprotein E].

PMID- 6389940
TI  - [Studies on prostate specific antigen, gamma-seminoprotein (gamma-Sm) as a tumor
      marker of prostatic cancer].

PMID- 6389941
TI  - [Detection of platelet-associated immunoglobulin (IgG) and complement (C3) with
      immunoperoxidase method and their clinical significance].

PMID- 6389942
TI  - [Studies on a detecting human immunoglobulin-secreting cells by micromethod of
      protein A reverse hemolytic plaque assay].

PMID- 6389943
TI  - [Image-processing technics--with special reference to software. 2. Hardware and
      software for image data processing. 4) Ultrasound].

PMID- 6389944
TI  - Use of monoclonal antibodies in enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for
      detection of botulinum type B toxins.
AB  - Use of polyclonal antibodies failed to correlate mouse assay with enzyme linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in titration of culture fluid of different strains of
      Clostridium botulinum type B. If ELISA is performed with such a monoclonal
      antibody that is capable of neutralizing the toxin, however, the lethal toxicity
      can be determined quantitatively.

PMID- 6389945
TI  - [Isabel Maitland Stewart's philosophy of education].

PMID- 6389946
TI  - Direct relationship between renal arterial pressure and plasma renin activity in
      conscious rats.

PMID- 6389947
TI  - Adrenal function affects morphine-induced feeding during dark period, but not
      during light period in rats.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to investigate the relationships between
      morphine-induced feeding and the adrenal functions. Morphine (5 mg/kg) was
      intraperitoneally administered at 10:45 (light period) or 18:45 (dark period).
      The orectic effects of morphine during the light period in normal rats were not
      influenced by adrenalectomy; however, the anorectic effects during the dark
      period in normal rats were attenuated by both adrenalectomy and
      adrenodemedullation. Corticosterone (10 mg/kg) itself had no effects on feeding
      during the light and dark period. Morphine did not alter blood insulin levels
      during the light period, but markedly decreased it during the dark period
      independently of feeding. These results show that morphine has two different
      effects on feeding by administration time, and they suggest that the adrenal
      affects morphine-induced feeding only during the dark period (hungry state),
      presumably through insulin release, but not during the light period (satiated
      state).

PMID- 6389948
TI  - [Bacteriologic and histopathologic correlation in terminal pneumonia in the
      aged].

PMID- 6389949
TI  - [Changes of platelet aggregation, serum thromboxane and prostacyclin in lung
      cancer and pulmonary metastatic patients following operation].

PMID- 6389950
TI  - [Experience with sleeve lobectomy for bronchial tuberculosis of a 13-year-old
      female].

PMID- 6389951
TI  - [Preoperative glucagon-insulin therapy on the patient with hepatic failure
      secondary to combined valvular disease].

PMID- 6389952
TI  - [A case of hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma following double valve
      replacement].

PMID- 6389953
TI  - [Quantitative analysis of the ultrasonogram of the prostate].

PMID- 6389954
TI  - Renal tubular absorption of beta 2 microglobulin.
AB  - 125Iodinated human beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2m, 5 to 30 mg) was administered to
      anesthetized rats. Clearance studies showed a low threshold of excretion of
      injected beta 2m and a high Tm of 400 to 600 micrograms X min-1 X kg-1. A
      glomerular sieving coefficient of 0.97 was calculated as the slope of the curve:
      beta 2m excretion rate = F (plasma beta 2m X glomerular filtration rate) for
      values above saturation. Electrophoresis analysis of proteinuria in agarose gel
      and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel showed that injection of saturating
      doses of beta 2m induced the excretion of proteins of similar size but different
      charge and that of other proteins of different size. Among the latter, some were
      excreted transiently in association with beta 2m, whereas others had a delayed
      excretion suggesting existence of a complex mechanism of reabsorption whose steps
      remain to be elucidated.

PMID- 6389955
TI  - Idiopathic hypercalciuria associated with hyperreninemia and high urinary
      prostaglandin E.
AB  - A patient with idiopathic hypercalciuria and some features suggestive of Bartter
      syndrome is reported. Excessive urinary prostaglandin E (PGE) excretion and renal
      calcium leak were documented in this child. Treatment with aspirin and
      indomethacin reduced urinary PGE excretion and was associated with a decrease in
      daily calcium excretion. At the lowest levels of urinary PGE, the renal calcium
      leak was no longer evident although mild hypercalciuria persisted. These results
      suggest that PGE may play a role in some cases of idiopathic hypercalciuria.

PMID- 6389956
TI  - Prognosis of adult onset polycystic kidney disease re-evaluated.
AB  - To appraise the prognosis of adult onset polycystic kidney disease (APKD), an
      inception cohort containing 140 subjects from 17 kindreds was assembled. Multiple
      renal cysts, demonstrable by ultrasonography, or clinical APKD, or both were
      present in 100 subjects. APKD was predicted in 32 subjects unavailable for
      ultrasonography and could not be excluded in eight deceased subjects. All had
      been at risk for endstage renal disease (ESRD) since birth. The probability of
      either developing ESRD, requiring dialysis or transplantation, or dying was
      estimated using a time-to-event analysis. The earliest age at which ESRD occurred
      was 36 years. For those with APKD, the probability of being alive and not having
      ESRD was 77% by age 50, 57% by age 58, and 52% by age 73 years. Excluding those
      predicted to have APKD changes these probabilities to 75, 53, and 47%,
      respectively. The serum creatinine values were less than 1.5 mg/dl for most
      subjects who had not developed ESRD. The prognosis for subjects with APKD is much
      better than most reports suggest and can be estimated from the time-to-event data
      presented.

PMID- 6389957
TI  - Malignant hypertension: the Brazilian experience.

PMID- 6389958
TI  - [Allogenic kidney transplantation after prolonged transorgan oxygen
      preservation].

PMID- 6389959
TI  - [Pathogenesis of diabetic angiopathies (review of the literature)].

PMID- 6389960
TI  - [Evaluation of the functional adequacy of a kidney transplant in the body of the
      donor].

PMID- 6389961
TI  - [Enzyme treatment of a primary suppurative wound].

PMID- 6389962
TI  - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems of splenic echinococcosis].

PMID- 6389963
TI  - [Transurethral ultrasonic diagnosis of bladder diseases].

PMID- 6389964
TI  - [Transrectal ultrasonic diagnosis of prostatic diseases].

PMID- 6389965
TI  - [Surgical treatment of nonhealing wounds].

PMID- 6389966
TI  - [Occurrence of positive toxoplasmosis reactions in mothers and newborn infants].

PMID- 6389967
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of 1% clotrimazole ointment in the treatment of corneal
      mycoses].

PMID- 6389968
TI  - [The patron saint of eye disease sufferers].

PMID- 6389969
TI  - [From the bibliographer's files (XXI). 75 years ago].

PMID- 6389970
TI  - [Cerclage operation in retinal detachment in aphakic eyes and in eyes with
      preserved lenses].

PMID- 6389971
TI  - [From the bibliographer's file (XXII). 50 years ago].

PMID- 6389972
TI  - [Angiomyolipoma of the kidneys in Bourneville-Pringle disease].
AB  - Three cases with renal angiomyolipoma in Bourneville's disease are reported. In
      two patients advanced renal insufficiency developed, one being treated by chronic
      intermittent hemodialysis. In the third patient rupture of angiomyolipoma with
      severe retroperitoneal bleeding occurred. In one patient, tumorous enlargement
      initially was diagnosed only in the right kidney and preceded angiomyolipoma of
      the left kidney for several years. In this patient nephrectomy was performed
      because malignancy was assumed before diagnosis of Bourneville's disease was
      established. Occasionally, histology may suggest sarcomatous changes. However,
      the absence of distant metastasis and the overall long survival of patients with
      renal angiomyolipoma in Bourneville's disease underline the benign character of
      the tumor. Treatment should be conservative because surgical intervention with
      loss of kidney parenchyma may enhance progression to end-stage renal failure.

PMID- 6389974
TI  - [Stress management].

PMID- 6389975
TI  - Distribution of cytosolic and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase in normal,
      ischemic, and necrotic myocardium. An immunohistochemical study.
AB  - We utilized immunoperoxidase methods to study the distribution of both cytosolic
      or soluble(s) and mitochondrial (m) aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT) in normal,
      ischemic, and necrotic myocardium. Human myocardium was obtained from autopsy (n
      = 9) and surgery (n = 6). Cardiac tissue from 26 dogs with experimental
      myocardial infarction induced by closed-chest balloon occlusion and four dogs
      with myocardial ischemia without necrosis induced by a 50% reduction in left main
      coronary artery flow for 3 hours were studied. Duration of occlusion was 45
      minutes (n = 1), 3 hours (n = 11), 5 to 6 hours (n = 10), or 15 to 24 hours (n =
      4). Highly purified m- and s-AspAT and specific antibodies were prepared in our
      laboratory. In all cases, control experiments were performed. Microscopically
      normal human and dog myocardium uniformly stained for m- and s-AspAT. Necrotic
      myocardium from patients with infarcts showed markedly reduced immunostaining. In
      those dogs with myocardial necrosis, all dogs with coronary occlusion of 5 to 24
      hours, and eight of 11 dogs with 3-hour occlusions, immunostaining was
      significantly reduced for both s- and m-AspAT in regions confirmed to be necrotic
      by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Myocardial
      necrosis was confirmed in the 3-hour infarcts by electron microscopy. In the four
      dogs with a 50% reduction in left main flow for 3 hours, and one dog with a 45
      minute coronary occlusion, ischemia was demonstrated by glycogen loss in period
      acid-Schiff-stained sections but there was no evidence of necrosis by electron
      microscopy or triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining and there was no loss of
      immunostaining evident for s- or m-AspAT. Thus, s- and m-AspAT were visualized in
      normal and ischemic myocardium with decreased staining in necrotic tissue using
      immunoperoxidase techniques. Loss of both s- and m-AspAT can be demonstrated in
      human myocardium and in experimental canine myocardium as early as 3 hours after
      coronary occlusion and appears to be specific for irreversible myocardial injury.
      No depletion of isoenzyme can be detected by immunohistochemical techniques in
      tissue that is ischemic but not necrotic. Furthermore, by these immunoperoxidase
      techniques, loss of s- and m-AspAT from necrotic myocardium appears to be
      simultaneous.

PMID- 6389973
TI  - [Use and limits of preventive antilymphocyte globulin therapy following kidney
      transplantation. A prospective randomized study].
AB  - The influence of prophylactic ALG treatment immediately after transplantation on
      the results of renal transplantation was examined in a prospectively randomized
      trial (n = 94). An improved graft survival rate was found after 9 months (ALG
      group 72.3%, control group 59.6%) which, however, was associated with an
      increased risk of infections. The increased infection rate was due to the
      duration of the ALG treatment which was too long in this study (21 days).
      Prophylaxis should rather be finished after 14 days. The immediate renal function
      after transplantation was significantly improved in the ALG group. Therefore, it
      is suggested to give ALG directly after transplantation until normalization of
      renal function and to change over to cyclosporin afterward.

PMID- 6389976
TI  - Insulin and cortisol improve heat tolerance in isolated perfused rat liver.
AB  - Isolated rat livers were perfused at 37 degrees, 41 degrees, 42 degrees, and 43
      degrees C with and without insulin and cortisol. Two additional groups were
      perfused at 42 degrees C with either hormone alone. The perfusate contained red
      blood cells, amino acids, and albumin in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate. Bile flow was
      significantly increased by hormones at 37 degrees C. Bile flow was also increased
      by hormones at all other temperatures. At 41 degrees C, K+ leakage was the only
      parameter that indicated injury. Insulin and cortisol significantly reduced K+
      leakage at this temperature compared to those without hormones. At 42 degrees C,
      insulin and cortisol reduced K+ leakage, increased bile flow, reduced
      transaminase release, and improved ultrastructural integrity. The enhanced bile
      flow was due primarily to insulin. A reduction in K+ leakage required both
      insulin and cortisol. Transaminase leakage responded to either hormone alone or
      in combination; however, only the cortisol-treated group showed a statistically
      significant reduction in transaminase leakage. At 43 degrees C, indications of
      irreversible injury were evident and hormones had no beneficial effects. Loss of
      membrane homeostasis appeared to be the initial event.